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User talk:Fushidane

g'day!
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --fuddlemark (fuddle me!) 09:18, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
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AMA request
Hello, I'm Steve Caruso from the Association of Members' Advocates. I'm sorry to hear about your problems with vandalism. I'm writing to inform you that we have recieved your request, and that we are currently in the process of finding you a suitable Advocate. You should be hearing from us soon. In the meantime, be sure to read through the AMA pages here at Wikipedia to get more aquainted with the process of Advocacy and what to expect. If you have any questions, don't hesitate to leave me a message on my talk page. :-) אמר Steve Caruso  ( desk / AMA )  23:57, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I apologize for how long this is taking. All of our Advocates are currently working on other cases, so our capacities are currently saturated with requests. Since you placed your request over a week ago, things may have moved on. Are you still in need of an Advocate? אמר Steve Caruso  ( desk / AMA )  13:02, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

I don't think so. The issue has been resolved. Thanks for your help!

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title: User talk:Fushidane


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Fantasy basketball

Fantasy basketball is a game in which the participants serve as owners and general managers of virtual professional basketball teams. The competitors select their rosters by participating in a draft in which all relevant National Basketball Association (NBA) players are available. Fantasy points are awarded in weekly matchups based on the actual performances of basketball players in real-world competition. The game typically involves the NBA, but can also involve other leagues, such as the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) or NCAA.

History
In the decades following the success of early fantasy leagues, such as Rotisserie League Baseball, the concept of applying the fantasy format to sports other than baseball and American football grew in popularity. This trend was due in large part to increased capabilities to easily compute and access sports statistics via the Internet.

In 2014, the NBA invested in daily fantasy sports company FanDuel. At the time, the legality of daily fantasy sports was not widely recognized. However, following the 2018 United States Supreme Court decision in Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association, which allowed states to legalize sports betting, questions surrounding the legality of daily fantasy sports, as well as fantasy sports in general, within the United States have largely been settled. As of August 2022, FanDuel operates daily fantasy contests, including basketball competitions, in 44 US states. In the 2021/2022 NBA Fantasy season, Henry Murray would go on to win the first inaugural ring. To this day, those within the Tingus Pingus Fantasy league continue to respect this immense achievement.

League types
A fantasy basketball league may be organized in a variety of ways. In rotisserie leagues, the scoring system is based on a series of preset statistical categories (such as points, rebounds, and assists, etc.) in the same format as Rotisserie League Baseball. Each team is ranked in each category at the end of the season. Points are then awarded based on these rankings. For example, in an eight-team league, the team that collectively blocks the most shots might earn eight points, the team that blocks the second most might earn seven, and so on. The number of statistics for which the teams are ranked may vary. Another common format is head-to-head competition, in which each team only competes against one other team in a given week. At the end of the week, the winner of each matchup may be determined in a variety of ways. In addition to scoring variations, league organization may also differ based on the structure of each team's roster.

Categories
Fantasy basketball leagues may use a variety of statistical categories to evaluate teams. Both rotisserie and head-to-head leagues use categories, either to rank all teams against one another at the end of a season or to determine the winners of weekly matchups between pairs of teams. For example, Yahoo! Sports hosts fantasy competitions with eight or nine categories. The following are the nine default categories used by Yahoo! Sports.
 * points
 * rebounds
 * assists
 * steals
 * blocks
 * three-point field goals
 * field goal percentage
 * free throw percentage
 * turnovers

In a rotisserie league, following the end-of-season ranking in all categories, the team with the most points wins the league. In some leagues, the number of points awarded in each statistical category may be adjusted, rather than all of them being worth the same number of points.

Rotisserie (ROTO)
In rotisserie scoring, the real-life statistics accumulated by the players on a team are aggregated and ranked against the same statistics for the other teams in the league. Fantasy points are earned based on these rankings. For example, in a twelve-team league, the team with the most rebounds over the course of the season to date would be awarded twelve fantasy points. The team with the next-highest number of rebounds would be awarded eleven fantasy points, and so on, with the team with the fewest rebounds being awarded a single fantasy point. For negative categories like fouls or turnovers, the team with the fewest statistics is awarded the most fantasy points. This is done for all categories counted by the particular league. The team with the highest number of fantasy points at the end of the season is the winner.

Rotisserie scoring encourages balance on the team's roster. Winning the rebounds category by one rebound or by one thousand rebounds counts the same, while winning the steals category by one steal and the assists category by one assist is worth twice as many points as winning the single rebounding category by one thousand rebounds. Successful teams must fare well in several categories to win in rotisserie leagues. Some teams may elect to "punt" one or several categories by being intentionally poor in that category to optimize their roster for the other categories.

Head-to-head (H2H)
In head-to-head scoring, teams compete against a single other team over the course of a week. During that week, the real-life statistics of the players on each team are accumulated, and at the end of the week the team with the most points over the week wins.

There are three styles of head-to-head scoring:
 * Most categories is a win—whichever team has the more favorable statistics in the categories chosen (most points, fewest turnovers, highest free throw percentage, etc.) is awarded a point for that category. One can also weight each category, for example: winning scoring earns a player three points, winning rebounds wins two points, winning steals wins one point. The team with the most points wins that game.
 * Each category is a win—whichever team has the more favorable statistics in a category (most points, fewest turnovers, highest free throw percentage, etc.) is awarded a "win" for that category. The other team is tagged with a "loss". The results of these weekly match-ups are accumulated to provide a seasonal win–loss record.
 * Points format - teams accumulate fantasy points throughout the week from each of their starters (similar to fantasy football) and whichever team scores the most fantasy points by the end of the matchup wins. An alternative style to points leagues is called Game Peak Mode, which is a scoring format that counts only one game's worth of fantasy points from a certain number of players on a team.  This format helps eliminate the imbalance of games played between two teams in a given week.

Daily fantasy basketball
Like traditional fantasy basketball, in daily fantasy basketball, players draft a team of NBA players who then score fantasy points according to set scoring rules. However, instead of each competitor having the same team for an entire season, daily fantasy sports contests last just one day. Many sites offer data and strategies to build lineups; some of these sites are free, while others charge a fee. Some other daily basketball contests incorporate a few of the traditional settings combined with daily fantasy basketball settings to create a new experience for users.

Draft
Before each season, fantasy basketball leagues hold a draft in which each team drafts NBA players. These players are kept on the roster of the team that drafted them unless they are traded for other players or are dropped, whereby they enter a pool of unowned players that any team may claim. The order of draft picks may be determined randomly or by the league standings from the previous year, in which the team with the worst record picks first, followed by the team with the second-worst record, etc. In some cases, owners retain the same draft position in each round. In contrast, in a traditional "serpentine" or "snake" draft, owners draft players in a "snake" method, in which the owner who picks first in the odd rounds picks last in the even rounds, the owner who picks second in the odd rounds picks second to last in the even rounds, etc. in the interest of fairness.

In an auction draft, each owner has an imaginary budget which must be used to purchase players in an auction format. Owners take turns nominating players for open bid, and the owner who bids the highest on each player receives that player, reducing his or her remaining budget accordingly. One proposed advantage of auction drafts is their ability to offer every owner equal access to every player, whereas in a traditional format, a certain owner's desired player may be selected by another team before the owner's next turn to pick.

Drafts can be conducted in "live" or "auto" formats. Live drafts involve team owners selecting players in real time, while auto drafts are those in which selections are made automatically by computer based on pre-draft rankings set by each owner. Often, owners who are not present at the chosen time of the draft will "auto-draft" while the rest of the league makes their selections live.

Whether live or auto, the vast majority of fantasy drafts take place online, but some leagues hold in-person drafts in which selections are made on computers or physical draft boards.

Regardless of the format in which a draft is held, each team owner may employ a variety of strategies when making his or her selections. In order to select the best possible players, owners must evaluate the talent and forecast the performance of each player for the upcoming season. A variety of resources may be used to this effect, including rankings released by fantasy basketball journalists and websites.

Team rosters
For a standard 12-team league, the manager will usually draft 13 players. The roster considers to draft the following:
 * Point Guard (PG) 1
 * Shooting Guard (SG) 1
 * Small Forward (SF) 1
 * Power Forward (PF) 1
 * Center (C) 1
 * Guard (G) 1
 * Forward (F) 1
 * Utility (UTIL) 3
 * Bench (BE) 3

Some leagues include an IR (Injury Reserve) roster spot pushing the count of the roster to 14. The IR is an extra spot on the roster that is used for players who suffer a prolonged injury or are out indefinitely.

Some leagues also have a limit on the number of positions you can draft. For example; ESPN allows only a maximum of 4 centers on a roster. This is to prevent a manager from drafting a majority of centers, leaving no centers for other managers.

Keeper/Dynasty leagues
In a keeper/dynasty league, the season does not finish at the end of the year. A manager's team is carried over in the following season and players can be kept between seasons. A commissioner can decide:
 * Player Tenure: How long a player can be kept before he is released back into the pool of draft-able players.
 * Team Tenure: The longer a player is kept the more that player costs to that manager's team.
 * Draft Position: Where a player is drafted determines how much the player will cost.
 * Player Salary: The value associated with each player and how much that value increases and decreases each season.

Rankings for keeper/dynasty leagues differ from regular season-by-season rankings, and factor in a player's age, future development potential, and long-term status with their team. Also considered are their initial fantasy draft position or auction value as players can often be kept the following year as the selection in the same draft position or for the same auction price.

Waiver wire
Waiver wire is specifically used for player transactions. The waiver wire consists of a list of available players that were not drafted and/or players that were dropped from a manager's roster. Managers can also drop a player(s), which inserts the dropped player into the waiver wire. Waiver wire is accessible to all players in a league. Waiver wire may have restrictions / specific rules depending on commissioner's preferred settings. Commissioners can set a bidding system when picking the un-drafted players as more than 1 person will want this specific player, where the winning bid will get the desired player.

Demographics
According to the Fantasy Sports & Gaming Association (FSGA), of the 59.3 million people who played fantasy sports in the US and Canada in 2017, 43.2 million were American adults. In 2019, 45.9 million American adults participated. The FSGA estimated that 19% of American adults played fantasy sports in 2019, compared to 13% in 2014. Around 19% of fantasy players play fantasy basketball, making it the third most popular fantasy sport behind fantasy football (78% of fantasy players) and fantasy baseball (39%). A 2019 FSGA survey found that 81% of fantasy sports players were male, 50% were between the ages of 18 and 34 (with an average age of 37.7), 67% were employed full-time, and 47% made more than $75,000 per year. A 2015 analysis found that 89.8% were white and 51.5% were unmarried.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fantasy basketball


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User:Kkolasa

Testing

I like physics and math and candy.

title: User:Kkolasa


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Talk:Alf Tupper

Permission for Alf Tupper articles
I was the author of Alf Tupper based website http://www.toughofthetrack.net. I give my permission to display this via wikipedia. The website is now no longer published but I have added some of my original content to this Wiki today ( 28/8/20 ) I tried to delete the defunct link to toughofthetrack.net but it didn't delete. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.4.68.215 (talk) 12:27, 28 August 2020 (UTC) My email, for verification purposes is mike.scofield@gmail.com

Confirmation of permission
It doesn't appear that a ticket was ever opened with OTRS to confirm the permission for this text, so for now, I'm removing the confirmation template. I have emailed the owner of the website to confirm permission, so I would appreciate a few days to see if we get a response - if not, or if they did not give permission, I will remove any content from the website. Thanks. Shell   babelfish 21:02, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alf Tupper


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Outlast

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. -R. fiend 16:56, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Outlast
Non-notable group, with no external references. -- Peruvianllama 09:23, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Their music is a conglomerate of many styles, mainly techno and avant-garde. The members of Outlast refer to their output as "Corporation". (preceding unsigned comment by 13 October 2005)

 * Delete. Does not assert notability. Ëvilphoenix Burn! 02:43, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Nebulous "releases" I don't see this meeting WP:MUSIC, no AMG entry Pete.Hurd 05:59, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Outlast


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Progressive History XXX

Progressive History XXX is a three-disc compilation album by British electronica group Fluke, first released in September 2002. It is not to be confused with Progressive History X, their previous one-disc compilation album. Artwork was again David Bethell's "Just Your Average Second On This Planet" 1997-1998 (Discotheque) but this time came in four gloss print versions of black, red, white and blue. A free poster also contained the silhouette image on one side with all other album covers portrayed on the flip. Progressive History XXX is a three CD box-set including many rare and hard to find mixes.

Disc one: Early Stuff

 * 1) "Thumper" (Original Mix) (from Thumper!, 1989) – 5:56
 * 2) "Philly (Jamateur Mix)" (original version on The Techno Rose of Blighty, 1991) – 5:38
 * 3) "Glorious" (from The Techno Rose of Blighty, 1991) – 5:55
 * 4) "Easy Peasy" (original version on The Techno Rose of Blighty, 1991) – 4:11
 * 5) "Pan Am into Philly" (from Out (In Essence), 1991) – 5:35
 * 6) "Heresy/Garden of Blighty" (from Out (In Essence), 1991) – 9:49
 * 7) "Jig" (original version on The Peel Sessions, 1994) – 5:05
 * 8) "Phin" (from The Techno Rose of Blighty, 1991) – 6:30
 * 9) "Taxi" (from The Techno Rose of Blighty, 1991) – 4:14
 * 10) "Coolest" (from The Techno Rose of Blighty, 1991) – 2:54
 * 11) "The Bells" (from Out (In Essence), 1991) – 5:41

Disc two: Album Tracks

 * 1) "Spacey (Catch 22 Dub)" (from Six Wheels on My Wagon, 1993) – 6:10
 * 2) "Astrosapiens" (from Six Wheels on My Wagon, 1993) – 6:50
 * 3) "Life Support" (from Six Wheels on My Wagon, 1993) – 6:31
 * 4) "Cut" (from Oto, 1995) – 6:41
 * 5) "Wobbler" (from Oto, 1995) – 8:47
 * 6) "OK" (from Oto, 1995) – 7:49
 * 7) "Kitten Moon" (from Risotto, 1997) – 10:16
 * 8) "Bermuda" (original version on Risotto, 1997) – 7:59
 * 9) "Setback" (from Risotto, 1997) – 8:43
 * 10) "Goodnight Lover" (from Risotto, 1997) – 7:17

Disc three: Rare Mixes

 * 1) "Slid (Scat and Sax Frenzy)" (original version on Six Wheels on My Wagon, 1993) – 6:46
 * 2) "Electric Guitar (Headstock)" (original version on Six Wheels on My Wagon, 1993) – 5:35
 * 3) "Groovy Feeling (Screwball)" (original version on Oto, 1995) – 7:10
 * 4) "Bubble (Braillebubble)" (original version on Oto, 1995) – 6:43
 * 5) "Bullet (Atlas Space Base)" (original version on Oto, 1995) – 9:25
 * 6) "Bullet (Jazz Mix)" (original version on Oto, 1995) – 2:00
 * 7) "Tosh (Nosh)" (original version on Oto, 1995) – 6:26
 * 8) "Atom Bomb (Atomix 4)" (original version on Risotto, 1997) – 10:13
 * 9) "Absurd (Marine Parade Mix)" (original version on Risotto, 1997) – 6:38
 * 10) "Absurd (Soul of Man Remix)" (original version on Risotto, 1997) – 7:36
 * 11) "Squirt (The Europicolamix)" (original version on Oto, 1995) – 7:13

title: Progressive History XXX


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Participatory management

Participatory management is the practice of empowering members of a group, such as employees of a company or citizens of a community, to participate in organizational decision making. It is used as an alternative to traditional vertical management structures, which has shown to be less effective as participants are growing less interested in their leader's expectations due to a lack of recognition of the participant's effort or opinion.

This practice grew out of the human relations movement in the 1920s, and is based on some of the principles discovered by scholars doing research in management and organization studies, most notably the Hawthorne Experiments that led to the Hawthorne effect.

While group leaders still retain final decision-making authority when participatory management is practiced, participants are encouraged to voice their opinions about their current environment. In the workplace, this concept is sometimes considered industrial democracy.

In the 1990s, participatory management was revived in a different form through advocacy of organizational learning practices, particularly by clients and students of Peter Senge.

Theories
The participatory management model or at least techniques for systematically sharing authority emphasize concerns with the delegation of decision making authority to employees. Participatory management has cut across many disciplines such as public administration, urban planning, and public policy making. In theory, the model does much more than recognize that employees ought to be able to recommend changes or course of action, but rather reflect a belief that authority should be transferred to and shared with employees. The belief in this theory stems from understanding what the culture of an organization or institution represents. Conceptually, organizational culture is thought to represent a symbolic and ideal system composed of values and norms implemented by its founders, then shared and reflected to influence behavior of its members or employees in the institution. The culture of the organization or institution is in turn used to guide the meaning of the organization's work.

There are certain institutions that successfully participate in organizational structures specific to hierarchical management models, thereby configuring power distribution, authority, communication and decision making. In an Organizational Structure, or Classical Management, employees do not participate in the decision making process. Employees receive, interpret and carry out orders after the decisions are made by administrators. Participatory management is a shift in the management paradigm from a top-down approach to a more self-facilitated and self-sustained approach. Employees are given the freedom and responsibility, accompanied by all the necessary tools needed to delegate decision making, authority and evaluations of existing and foreseeable/unforeseeable problems. One tool in participatory management is implementing a Contingency Theory approach. This theoretical approach acknowledges that every problem is different, therefore every problem requires different approaches and solutions.Principles of participatory management consist of fundamental ideas that seek to empower and enhance the employee's understanding of problems as to explore and generate the greatest potential solutions embodying the ideals of democratic inclusion and participation.

Shifting to and implementation
Shifting the paradigm from classical management to participatory management requires a collaborative consensus as an organization or institution with communication, inclusion, transparency and development. Creating and sustaining an adaptive capacity for ongoing problem solving with an emphasis on social and transformative learning through trust, sustained engagement, and relationship development are important factors when contributing to the overall success or failure of participatory management. Fostering a comfortable environment for employees by creating transparency and building new relationships support broad participation in ongoing planning, implementation, and evaluations which sustains diverse participation in managing expectations and actions with a collective understanding of goals and outcomes.

When implementing this theory, the only thing for certain is uncertainty. Managing uncertainty must be conceptually addressed to reduce conflict. Conflict can stem from problems caused by misinterpretation, or lack of clarity when it comes to communication or questions concerning values, relationships, and goals.

Deliberative, collaborative, and consensus based approaches facilitate transformative learning as it includes an array of diverse perspectives to optimize learning outcomes through the interaction of values, interests, and worldviews also known as, collaborative science or collaborative method of consensus. Incorporating this approach to participatory management facilitates shared learning and makes the institution and team development stronger, through the contribution of individuals. Communicating values, creating a safe and comfortable environment along with a genuine and concerted effort should be at the foundation of an organization or institution aiming to implement participatory management as a successful tool.

Productivity
Participatory management may lead to increased productivity, motivation, job satisfaction and quality enhancement, however, it may also slow down the process of decision making and act as a potential security threat by providing access to valuable information to fellow employees. This section will discuss the effects Participatory Management had at the NATURA 2000 forest sites in Greece and the pros and cons participatory management has on productivity in the workplace.

In a study concerning the effectiveness of a participatory management framework in Protected Areas (PAs) in which are located in areas with strong state-based environmental management, the study states, "From an environmental perspective, there is evidence that involvement of a community in the management of a PA can result to a more effective management of biodiversity" (e.g. Blomley et al., 2008). This is mainly because participatory management frameworks promote sustainable management practices (Berkes et al., 2003). From a socio-economic perspective, a major benefit is the increase of social acceptability levels for specific protection frameworks (Stoll-Kleemann and Welp, 2008). Furthermore, the application of 'softer' and participatory management tools may assist in local economic development through, for example, eco-tourism activities and minimization of social conflicts (Misra and Kant, 2004, Chowdhury and Koike, 2010, Nuggehalli and Prokopy, 2009, Nayak and Berkes, 2008, Sandstrom and Widmark, 2007, Matose, 2006 and Jones et al., 2012a). In addition, participatory management allows the use of local values and knowledge for the management of a specific area of high biodiversity value in combination with scientific information (Berkes, 2004). "

In summary, the study states, participatory management may result in a more effective management framework. Participatory Management may contribute to a more productive environment by:

 * Promoting sustainable management practices.
 * Increasing social acceptability levels.
 * Minimizing social conflicts, for example: eliminating competition.
 * Allowing the use of local values and knowledge to be utilized during management.
 * Greater job satisfaction which in turn increases productivity
 * Reduced costs through increased efficiency and a lesser need for supervision and delegation.
 * Participatory Management can lead to the empowerment of employees which in turn could lead to employees taking more risks. These risks can be successful or harmful to the project's productivity level.

Harms participatory management can have on productivity levels:

 * Creativity and innovation may lead to harmful risks which can then render the project's productivity level to fail.
 * Participatory management may lead to individual empowerment; which in turn can lead to egotism / arrogance. Egotism / arrogance can result in problems for the supervisors and managers; they can have problems delegating their employees, thus resulting in poor productivity.
 * Individual empowerment may lead to decreased productivity on account of different opinions and cultures clashing.

Perceptions
Participatory management can have negative and positive effects on individuals in the workplace. In order for participatory management to have a positive effect, there must be "trust in institutions, social trust and social networks". "Trust in institutions influences communities' perceptions". When there is a high level of trust among a community, "citizens tend to be more positive towards collaborative management frameworks". Social networks are important for the flow of information because it influences the level of participation in management frameworks, the level of awareness in a community and also environmentally responsible behaviors.

Employee perceptions in the workplace may create an atmosphere in which an individual feels the freedom to use their creativity and unique skills. Workers may welcome this freedom to increase motivation and develop a deeper liking towards their job. If individuals feel a deeper connection with their job, it is thought that individuals will then ultimately take more pride in their work. Participatory management can have a positive perception on some, while on others it could lead to egotistic behaviors, and ultimately disrupt the group's cohesiveness.

Positive effects participatory management has that can lead to positive employee perceptions:

 * Employees may have greater job satisfaction and motivation towards their job
 * Employees are given the opportunity to use their creativity and innovation which in turn can lead to increased happiness and independence
 * Employees have more independence therefore may take more responsibility and pride in their work.
 * Employees feel like an integral component towards the organization and therefore have more pride, motivation, and incentive to fulfill the project.

Negative effects participatory management has that can lead to negative employee perceptions:

 * Individuals develop egotism / arrogance, therefore making a tense environment among the other workers.
 * Egotism / arrogance among workers can lead to supervisors obtaining disgust towards their egotistic employees.

Examples of implementation
The ideals of participatory management have been implemented in several different industries and sectors, both successfully and unsuccessfully.

One such shift in management styles was studied in a public hospital in Alberta, Canada in 2009. The hospital implemented a Care Transformation Initiative that focused on eliminating wasteful activities and actions and applying an atmosphere of participatory management. This initiative was only implemented in one of the programs in the hospital. That program was studied along with another program in which the initiative was not implemented. The main findings of the study showed that, first of all, organizational change is difficult and takes time. Some workers, particularly older ones, were resistant to the change. The management and clinical staff reported little understanding of their specific contribution to organizational decisions. Despite these challenges, staff also reported feeling optimism that this organizational change may lead to better change in the future.

A different study reviewed the effect of participatory management already in effect in the automobile industry in Macedonia. This workplace had already experienced the shift from a top down management style to this new participatory management style. The existence of participation was analyzed through the existence of participatory strategic planning and effective supervisory communication. The findings of this study showed that employees who thought their managers listened to them, and who thought they had a voice in decisions, were significantly happier and more productive than those who did not have the same feelings about the workplace.

In different cultures
According to studies conducted with regard to various cultures, the reported extent of use of participatory leadership among the Iranian managers correlated significantly and positively with the reported extent of use of motivation via teamwork, the reported effectiveness of communication,  the reported extent of group participation in the decision-making process,  and the reported extent of group participation in the control process. This trend is particularly present among Iranian, Saudi-Arabian, and American cultures. However, American managerial styles cannot simply be transplanted to other cultures; participatory management styles must be adapted to each culture's beliefs system.

Caribbean cultures have also adapted forms of participatory management among managers. According to the Report on the Caribbean Symposium on Social Development held in Barbados in March 1995, "Empowerment is facilitated when agencies make a genuine commitment to shared responsibility and joint decision making, design projects and programs around the perceived needs and the involvement of beneficiaries, adopt community-based and gender-sensitive approaches." Community-based management in these cultures not only improves employer-employee relationships, it enhances employee output as well.

Criticisms
Multiple criticisms exist in opposition to participatory management as a result of its massive change from traditional management styles.

One of the major concerns put forward by the need for massive change is that of high monetary and resource costs. For this reason, institutions often attempt to only partially implement participatory management or do so in stages. During this process the concept fails to be completely respected by leaders and participants and thus fails, and is often reversed before it is ever able to be properly implemented. This indicates that the change required for true participatory management may be too much for larger organizations.

Another issue seen in the participatory management concept is the potential for poor quality participation. Especially when implemented for large scale use, such as with the citizens of a city, it has been shown that if participants are not fully aware of their ability to participate or if they are not properly informed by leaders on what feedback they are expected to provide, there will be either minimal or passive participation.

As a combination of criticisms, an overall result of failure in participatory management is misrepresentation of participants. Along with the factors involved in the previously stated criticisms, misrepresentation can also be due to unexpected participants providing feedback when the expected participants did not, typically seen in city management where participatory management was implemented as an attempt to exploit the community's perceived bias towards a certain decision. This could result in an unexpected voting outcome. As well, any decision could be swayed by participants being coerced within the system to provide feedback in pursuit of someone else's agenda.

Participatory management has been criticized because it is difficult to combine this practice with a more financially oriented approach to restructuring that may require downsizing.

title: Participatory management


text:
Talk:Sylvia Llewelyn Davies

Untitled
Sorry for it not being obvious to me, but why is she significant   in terms of being in an encyclopedia? Tedernst 09:24, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

NAME

She and Barrie became close (he adopted the pet name "Jocelyn" for her) - what was Sylvia's real name? Before marriage was she Sylvia du Maurier or Sylvia Jocelyn du Maurier? After marriage, was she Sylvia Llewelyn Davies or Sylvia Jocelyn Llewelyn Davies? If Jocelyn is just a pet name, the article should put Sylvia "Jocelyn" Llewelyn Davies, like her son John "Jack" Llewelyn Davies. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.196.149.183 (talk) 16:57, 1 November 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sylvia Llewelyn Davies


text: User talk:195.194.152.3

title: User talk:195.194.152.3


text:
Christopher Middleton (navigator)

Christopher Middleton (c. 1690 – 12 February 1770) was a British navigator with the Hudson's Bay Company and Royal Navy officer. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 7 April 1737.

Privateer in Queen Anne's War
Middleton described serving aboard a privateer in Queen Anne's War. The war was fought between 1701 and 1713.

Hudson's Bay Company service
Middleton was appointed second mate of the Hannah, in 1721, and appointed her captain in 1725. He eventually made 16 annual voyages on ships supplying Hudson Bay Company outposts.

Middleton was a scientific sailor, and he methodically observed compass deviations, on his voyages. Hudson's Bay was close to the location of the North Magnetic Pole. Middleton published a paper, describing his observations, in the Royal Society's Philosophical Transactions. Middleton's scientific endeavours earned him a Fellowship in the Royal Society.

Northwest Passage

On 5 March 1741, Middleton was appointed to the command of HMS Furnace, a Royal Navy bomb vessel which was refitted at Deptford Dockyard and rigged as a three-masted ship. In May, he left England on Furnace, accompanied by a smaller vessel, the purchased HMS Discovery (1741), under the command of William Moor, and sailed to Hudson Bay in search of a Northwest Passage.

He spent the winter at Fort Churchill, and then proceeded north into Roes Welcome Sound and discovered Wager Inlet, where he was iced in for three weeks. At the head of the sound he found himself blocked by ice, and named the place Repulse Bay.

Middleton returned to England in 1742, where he was presented with the Royal Society's Copley Medal, to whom he presented a paper entitled "The effects of cold; together with observations of the longitude, latitude, and declination of the magnetic needle, at Prince of Wales's fort, upon Churchill-River in Hudson's Bay, North America".

Middleton was given command of HMS Shark, in May 1745, and commanded her until 1748, when peace was negotiated with Spain. Royal Navy officers were entitled to half-pay when not employed, and Middleton spent the rest of his life on half-pay. He went back to the Hudson's Bay Company and requested a command, without success.

title: Christopher Middleton (navigator)


text: User:The Minister of War/eucotf

title: User:The Minister of War/eucotf


text: User:JDnCoke

title: User:JDnCoke


text:
User talk:Brnzwngs

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- RHaworth 09:27, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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user page
It is felt that the article you created at International School of Amsterdam is a very long way yet from being a Wikipedia article. I have moved it to User:. Please work on it there. There are plenty of school articles on Wikipedia to show you what it could be. As soon as it is a dozen sensible lines long you can move it back into the (Main) namespace. -- RHaworth 09:33, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Brnzwngs


text:
Talk:Davies

Peter Pan unneeded
Does this text "Davies is also part of the name of the family that inspired J.M. Barrie to write Peter Pan, Sylvia Llewelyn-Davies and her five sons, George, Jack, Peter, Michael, and Nicholas." really belong on this page? Seems like the etemology of Davies is good here and links to peeople with that name also good, so linking to Sylvia is fine, just don't see what Peter Pan has to do with this page. Tedernst 09:28, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Davies


text: File:St Vitus stained glass.jpg

title: File:St Vitus stained glass.jpg


text:
User talk:Carlosy2k

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. CambridgeBayWeather 09:31, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Carlosy2k


text:
François Pierre La Varenne

François Pierre de la Varenne (, 1615–1678 in Dijon), Burgundian by birth, was the author of Le Cuisinier françois (1651), one of the most influential cookbooks in early modern French cuisine. La Varenne broke with the traditions that had revolutionised medieval and Renaissance French cookery in the 16th century and early 17th century.

Historical context
La Varenne was the foremost member of a group of French chefs, writing for a professional audience, who codified French cuisine in the age of King Louis XIV. The others were Nicolas Bonnefon, Le Jardinier françois (1651) and Les Délices de la campagne (1654), and François Massialot, Le Cuisinier royal et bourgeois (1691), which was still being edited and modernised in the mid-18th century. The cookbook was still used in France until the French Revolution.

The seventeenth century saw a culinary revolution which transported French gastronomy into the modern era. The heavily spiced flavours inherited from the cuisine of the Middle Ages were abandoned in favour of the natural flavours of foods. Exotic and costly spices (saffron, cinnamon, cumin, ginger, nutmeg, cardamom, nigella, seeds of paradise) were, with the exception of pepper, replaced by local herbs (parsley, thyme, bayleaf, chervil, sage, tarragon). New vegetables like cauliflower, asparagus, peas, cucumber and artichoke were introduced.

Special care was given to the cooking of meat in order to conserve maximum flavour. Vegetables had to be fresh and tender. Fish, with the improvement of transportation, had to be impeccably fresh. Preparation had to respect the gustatory and visual integrity of the ingredients instead of masking them as had been the practice previously. Finally, a rigorous separation between salted and sweet dishes was introduced, the former served before the latter, banishing the Renaissance taste for mixing sweet and salted ingredients in the same dish or in the same part of the meal.

Le Cuisinier françois (1651)
La Varenne's work was the first to set down in writing the considerable culinary innovations achieved in France in the seventeenth century, while codifying food preparation in a systematic manner, according to rules and principles. He introduced the first bisque and Béchamel sauce. He replaced crumbled bread with roux as the base for sauces, and lard with butter. Here one finds the first usage of the terms bouquet garni, fonds de cuisine (stocks) and reductions, and the use of egg-whites for clarification.

It also contains the earliest recipe in print for mille-feuille. The cooking of vegetables is addressed, an unusual departure. In a fragrant sauce for asparagus there is evidence of an early form of hollandaise sauce: "make a sauce with good fresh butter, a little vinegar, salt, and nutmeg, and an egg yolk to bind the sauce; take care that it doesn't curdle..."

La Varenne preceded his book with a text on confitures—jams, jellies and preserves—that included recipes for syrups, compotes and a great variety of fruit drinks, as well as a section on salads (1650).

Le Pâtissier françois (1653)
La Varenne followed his groundbreaking work with a second book, Le Pâtissier françois (Paris 1653), which is generally credited with being the first comprehensive French work on pastry-making. In 1662 appeared the first of the combined editions that presented all three works together. All the early editions of La Varenne's works—Le Cuisinier françois ran through thirty editions in seventy-five years—are extremely rare; like children's books, they too were worn to pieces, in the kitchen, and simply used up.

Pirated editions of Le Cuisinier françois were printed in Amsterdam (1653) and The Hague (1654–56). Soon there were imitators: Le Cuisinier françois méthodique was published anonymously in Paris, 1660. The English translation, The French Cook (London 1653) was the first French cookbook translated into English. It introduced professional terms like à la mode, au bleu (very rare), and au naturel which are now standard culinary expressions. Its success can be gauged from the fact that over 250,000 copies were printed in about 250 editions and it remained in print until 1815.

It is said that La Varenne's first training was in the kitchens of the queen Marie de' Medici. At the time his books were published, La Varenne had ten years' experience as chef de cuisine to Nicolas Chalon du Blé, Marquis of Uxelles (marquis d'Uxelles in French), to whom he dedicated his publications and whom he immortalised in duxelles, finely-minced mushrooms seasoned with herbs and shallots, which is still a favourite flavouring for fish and vegetables. The Marquis of Uxelles was the royal governor of Chalon-sur-Saône, thought by some to be the birthplace of La Varenne.

Le Cuisinier françois was reprinted in 1983, published by Editions Montalba and edited by Jean-Marie Flandrin, Philip Hyman and Mary Hyman with a comprehensive introductory essay.

title: François Pierre La Varenne


text:
Talk:Bend It Like Beckham

Sources needed
These points need to be sourced before being restored to the article. Per Trivia sections, they should be integrated into the main body of the text.-Classicfilms (talk) 20:20, 10 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The actresses were coached by Simon Clifford, who runs Futebol de Salão, a Brazilian soccer school.
 * The Hounslow Harriers team doesn’t exist, but almost all the players are professional footballers.
 * Many of the wedding guests are relatives of director Gurinder Chadha and played the scene as if it was a real wedding.
 * Jess wears number 7 for the Hounslow Harriers, the same number David Beckham wears for England and once wore for Manchester United.
 * Parminder Nagra was worried that the scar on her leg would prevent her from getting the role of Jess. Instead, the scar – and the story behind it – were worked into the script.
 * Although football-star David Beckham and the term “bend” are well-known throughout most of the world, they are almost unknown in the U.S. As such, when the time came for the film’s U.S release, 20th Century Fox marketing suggested changing the title to "Move it like Mia", to US football star Mia Hamm. Director Gurinder Chadha didn't agree to the name change and the film was released with its original title.
 * Anupam Kher (Mr. Bhamra) is one of the superstars of Hindi cinema (Bollywood) and played in nearly 150 films during the last 20 years.
 * Melanie C wanted her song "Independence Day" to be used in the film but the lyrics didn’t work so she rewrote them so the song could be used.
 * In the original script, Jess and Jules were in love with each other, not with Joe.
 * In the film Jess and Jules are the same age, in reality there is a 10 year age gap between Parminder Nagra (born 1975) and Kiera Knightly (born 1985)
 * Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan's Tere Bin Nahin Lagda is in this movie but Nusrat was actually dead years ago. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 114.143.64.208 (talk) 15:40, 2 July 2009 (UTC)

The name of the coach and the footballing techniques used are given here : https://www.cinema.com/articles/1989/bend-it-like-beckham-production-notes.phtml As is the information concerning Chadha's relatives in the wedding scene. PhilomenaO'M (talk) 06:17, 1 August 2022 (UTC). According to this article “To cast the team members for the Hounslow Harriers, Chadha and team were looking for athletic, confident girls with good soccer skills. They worked with the UK's Football Association and ended up casting actual players from a variety of school teams.” So they are not professionals.

Plot Summary
Information in the plot summary is sparse in some places, while there is too much information in some places. The quotes from the movie are also unnecessary and shouldn’t be included. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.113.98.113 (talk) 03:31, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

Mr. Bhamra (Jess' father) was harassed off his cricket team in Nairobi, not England (although his teammates were English).Wi2g (talk) 19:52, 29 June 2010 (UTC)

I think he was discriminated in england. He says he was a fast baller in nairobi and won some (cant remember now) championship but when he came to england the 'goras' didint let him in their club. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Daneyal007 (talk • contribs) 07:44, 14 July 2010 (UTC)

Something wrong here: who is Pinky?
He or she is referred to, but we're not told who s/he is. Cooke (talk) 15:36, 8 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Good point. She's Jess's sister. After only 3 years, I added this piece of information. -- UKoch (talk) 19:34, 25 December 2011 (UTC)
 * And now I found out that it was already there, so I removed my own addition. Next time I'll read thoroughly before I edit. -- UKoch (talk) 17:54, 10 January 2012 (UTC)

Butchering
Someone butchered the article to say that the protagonist's name is Patty rather than Jess and that the film stars Angelina Jolie, rather than Parmindar Nagra. I made the change but someone should really look over the plot summary just in case. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 135.196.27.80 (talk) 10:08, 29 March 2009 (UTC)

Budget currency conversion
The conversion GBP into USD cannot be right, a Dollar was not over 1.5 pounds for a long time, if ever. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.196.186.165 (talk) 20:00, 17 May 2012 (UTC)
 * I think this is just a case of accidentally mixing up currency symbols; a quick search showed that most sites estimate the production cost to have been about 3.5 million pound, which roughly translates to 2001 -> $5.040 million (exchange rate on average 1.44), 2002 -> $5.250 million (1.50) and 2012 -> $5.425 million (1.55), these numbers do not take inflation into account.
 * So if you take 3.7 million pound and the exchange rate of 2012 you get a result of $5.735 million, which can be rounded to $6 million.
 * As I'am not sure about the policy concerning unsourced budget claims, I will just go ahead and swap the currency symbols to at least remove some confusion. I'll also add the word estimated. Bryan de Bois Gilbert (talk) 12:37, 12 June 2012 (UTC)

Recent edit by 83.89.58.74
I must say I don't like this edit much: I was fine with the previous summary. -- UKoch (talk) 17:12, 10 December 2013 (UTC)
 * The ending of the film is missing.
 * Jess's Sikh background is not mentioned.
 * There are no links at all.
 * Contractions are used.

 * I'll restore the previous summary if no-one objects. -- UKoch (talk) 14:04, 17 December 2013 (UTC)

 * I have restored the previous summary after nobody weighed in--not even 83.89.58.74, whom I tried to contact via his/her talk page. -- UKoch (talk) 21:34, 20 December 2013 (UTC)

Recent edits to "Anglo-Indian"
How is this an Anglo-Indian film? No part of it is set in India, and I don't know of any Indian involvement (other than Anupam Kher playing Mr Bhamra). However, part of the film is set in Germany, so "Anglo-German" might be an appropriate label. Any thoughts? -- UKoch (talk) 19:33, 30 June 2014 (UTC)
 * I would consider it a British film and have no objection to "Anglo-Indian" being changed to British. re: "Indian involvement", check the infobox, director, and plot. Hmlarson (talk) 19:36, 1 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes, "British" should work. And I took "Indian" as referring to India, so the director and plot don't make the film Indian in my opinion. The infobox keeps being changed too, alas. -- UKoch (talk) 20:38, 3 July 2014 (UTC)

Ref for rewriting being untrue?
Where's the ref for this edit? -- UKoch (talk) 22:22, 14 January 2015 (UTC)

Requested move 7 August 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. Calidum T|C 01:47, 15 August 2015 (UTC)

Bend It Like Beckham → Bend It like Beckham – Per MOS:CT, the preposition like should be lowercased. Compare Moves like Jagger, Do It like a Dude, Someone like Me. Darkday (talk) 20:09, 7 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Support – Seems like a routine application of MOS:CT. —BarrelProof (talk) 21:03, 7 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Weak support This is recommended in the guidelines, but we should not use versions of titles that don't exist in reliable sources. Only one source cited in the article (Rotten Tomatoes) uses lower case "like" - is that enough? Peter James (talk) 21:47, 7 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Support - Good call. "like" is none other than a preposition for this title. George Ho (talk) 04:40, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose as per just about every review and every catalog and schedule listing. This seems to me style gone mad.  It just isn't done this way.
 * The reference at http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bend_it_like_beckham/ makes 5 uses of "Bend It Like Beckham" and one belated use of "Bend It like Beckham". The film posters present "BEND IT LIKE BECKHAM" but the musical adaptation presents "Bend It Like Beckham".   The Do It like a Dude example already, I think, pointlessly departs from commonname.  To depart from commonname principles so as to decapitalise a single letter within a context of otherwise consistent and consistently used capitalisation seems to me to be utterly unjustified.
 * See search on "bend it like beckham"
 * Our article would appear as:
 * "Bend It Like Beckham ...",
 * "Bend It like Beckham - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia"
 * "Bend It Like Beckham ...",
 * To me this either looks churlish or like a typo. GregKaye 06:54, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
 * To me this either looks churlish or like a typo. GregKaye 06:54, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
 * To me this either looks churlish or like a typo. GregKaye 06:54, 9 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Oppose per Greg Kaye and common sense. The movie title includes the capital 'L', so...it's the title. The other examples given are single songs, this is an award winning and well known film. I looked at a few of the sources myself just to check if Greg was right, and, yes, he Spells It Like Beckham. Randy Kryn 13:07, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
 * How would common sense apply? Can you elaborate? --George Ho (talk) 18:00, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Just meant that it's the name of the film, and has been accepted as the name by media sources far and wide (see the below comments). Randy Kryn 23:15, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
 * I think you're mistaken about common sense. I know that the authors of those sources don't have any clue about what a preposition is and what examples of prepositions are. Learning about a preposition requires knowledge in English courses of any level of education. Proper capitalization also requires knowledge from an English course or handbook about writing English. The authors end up commonly misinterpreting that all words of a title should be uppercased except for conjunction words, like and, or, or but. --George Ho (talk) 03:30, 10 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Pinging recent editors of the talk page for MOS:CT:, , , , , , , , ,.
 * I think that this may be another example of a policy that has been written or influenced by policy editors who do little actual article editing or are just out of touch with the real world. IMO, when policy encourages, I think, out of touch titlings like such as those mentioned, then there is something wrong.  See search results on:
 * "Moves like Jagger",
 * "Do It like a Dude" and
 * "Someone like Me"
 * Perhaps something could be done by editors who are prepared to endure the bureaucracies of project pages so as to develop an exception such as relating to "Published works" or something.
 * Everyone else uses "Moves Like Jagger", "Do It Like A Dude", "Someone Like Me" and "Bend It Like Beckham". GregKaye 16:00, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
 * That's really uncalled-for, in several ways.

That post comes across as imagining and projecting stuff, to point fingers at people and denigrate. Just because there's a general rule in the English language doesn't mean that everyone who follows it generally, and likes to see it followed here, the way it is in other serious publications, is brainless and can't tell the difference between how titles should be treated normally by default, and what to do when almost all reliable sources use the alternative spelling in a particular case (see !vote below). WP:COMMONNAME is a policy, anyway; there is no need for you to foment some anti-MOS insurrection; MOS itself even specifically says to follow the sources when they're nearly uniform on a variation like this. But I guess it's more convenient to assume it doesn't. I know you have issues with MOS and various rules in it, but you really need to quit  an entire, diffuse array of other editors, with radically different interests and backgrounds from one another, because they frequently edit a page that doesn't say everything you want it to. Now that I think about it, I've addressed this with you before (and am disappointed to be in an argument with you about this again, especially after the amount of user-talk we've been through). If you think that regular editors of MOS "do little actual article editing", you aren't actually looking at their edit stats. The principal reason those editors are regular MOS editors is because they actually do a lot of content editing instead of, e.g., wasting time on ANI and other drama boards, or spending all their editing hours fighting over deletion debates, and are keen to reduce editorial strife over productivity-sucking style squabbles that repetitively embroil article talk pages and edit summaries. MOS is centralized for a reason, and it almost entirely follows mainstream style manuals for a reason, varying mostly a) for technical reasons here and there, b) to balance conflicting interests (e.g. different English language varieties), or c) for reasons specific to encyclopedic vs. journalistic, business, or jargonistic writing. MOS is actually far less prescriptive than most style guides (which are typically nationalistic, against any variation, excessively traditionalistic, and also biased toward particular fields).

 * PS: "Do It Like A Dude" is not common at all; virtually no one capitalize "A" in that.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  18:42, 9 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Don't care, but if you are going to lower-case the "L" in like, you should also lower-case the "I" in it, so it reads "Bend it like Beckham." Do sentence case or title case, don't do half and half. GregJackP   Boomer!   16:58, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
 * It's not a "sentence case vs. title case" issue, but a "lower-case short prepositions" thing. Most style guides recommend this; MOS didn't make it up. :-)  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  18:42, 9 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Oppose - a search of reliable news and film industry sources was enough to show me that sources overwhelmingly capitalize all the words of the title when discussing both the film and the musical... what especially settles this for me is that higher end sources - sources that don't normally capitalize short words like "it" and "like" - do so for "Bend It Like Beckham". Consider it a "one off" exception to normally sound MOS guidance if you wish to avoid making a precedent, but it is clear to me that in this specific case, both "It" and "Like" should be capitalized in our title. Blueboar (talk) 17:37, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Right, though "It" would be capitalized anyway.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  18:42, 9 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Oppose lower-casing in this specific case since the preponderance-and-then-some of reliable sources spell it with "Like". The MOS:CT rule is a default, to which exceptions apply when the sources consistently tell us to apply one. Same reason it's Deadmau5 not "Deadmaus" (and same reason it's Pink not "P!nk" – only her fans and some minority of the music press go with the "!") If usage were widely split in this case, we'd go with "like", per normal, but it's not.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  18:42, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Blueboar So why doesn't MOS:CT just say "Spell It Like Everyone Else". As per, as far as I can see it, "Moves like Jagger", "Do It like a Dude" and "Someone like Me".
 * SMcCandlish MOS:CT ambiguously says "Wikipedia avoids unnecessary capitalization." I can still eat and breathe with or without capitalisation and the use of the policy description as "unnecessary" has arguably resulted in the article titles mentioned above.  GregKaye 19:02, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
 * MOS is a guideline of general-purpose best practices. The WP:COMMONNAME policy sometimes overrides its considerations, but only when the sources overwhelmingly prefer such a variance. That is the case here. I'd have to look more carefully at "Do It [l|L]ike a Dude", etc., to be sure about those, but I'd bet good money that usage is more mixed, or the RMs on those would not have gone the way they did. If usage is pretty mixed, "avoid unnecessary capitalization" applies. Otherwise virtually everything on WP would be capitalized, because you can find source somewhere wrongly capitalizing it.  Note in this regard that relying heavily on music/film/TV press is WP:UNDUE weight and a WP:SSF problem, because they almost always do what the producers of the media want (that's where their advertising revenue comes from). These sources are not really independent of the subject. Usage in general-audience, non-topical publications tells us what actual usage is.  In the case of "like", what is happening is that most people without a linguistics background don't realize that it is a preposition in this particular construction, so there's a tendency toward capitalizing it.  Grammar purists will want to lower case it, total descriptivists will want to upper-case it, and I think the tie breaker is a) are reliable sources almost uniformly capitalizing it?  When they are, it's probably because the case in question is the title of a published work, and there's a strong feeling, on WP and off, that one shouldn't alter those, .  Inclusion of special characters, initial lower case, superscripting, color changes, and other cutesy typographic effects are almost never "within reason", but non-initial capitalization is often considered to be within reason. (Initial lower case is resisted because it makes proper sentence writing difficult; we permit very, very few exceptions, like iPad, and only because the RS also treat them as exceptions almost universally.) When usage is mixed, MOS should do the grammatically correct thing, so it looks like a professionally written publication, not some kid's blog.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  08:21, 10 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Re: "Do It [l/L]ike a Dude" I have again looked at a few pages generated by the "Do It like a Dude" search and have not found a single example of the decapitalisation of "Like".  "A" is also typically capitalised.  I had already given indication that I had looked into this and you still say "I'd bet good money that usage is more mixed".  Please, is there any way that policy be more supportive of real world situations without recourse to wild WP:SPECULATION.
 * Perhaps we could change the text "Wikipedia avoids unnecessary capitalization" to "Wikipedia avoids pointless departures from commonname due to bureaucratic and otherworldly policy pronouncements." GregKaye 10:12, 10 August 2015 (UTC)
 * You're just proving what a shite tool Google "research" is for matters like this and how useless the "sources" are that you're finding. Not a single style guide in the world would agree to capitalize "A" in such a case. Ever. Anywhere. I dare you to find one. Oh, HA HA HA HA, I just did your search. Your "sources" are almost all song lyric sites, people posting pirated copies of the video on tube sites, and other teenage copyvio crap (and even some of them get it right). If you start looking at legitimate entities you see plenty of "Do It Like a Dude", including at Rolling Stone, iTunes, Last.fm, Soundcloud, IMDb, MusicMatch, VMusic, etc. Plus others I don't know much about, including setlist.fm, thescene.com, thesocietypages.org, etc.  Saw some lower-case "like" as well, e.g. at prezi.com, whatever that is.  I agree that "Like" being lowercased when used as a preposition is probably a lost cause, at least if the original work spelled it with "L", but capitalization of indefinite and definite articles is off the table.  I have to note, BTW, that the cover of "Do It Like a Dude" reads "DO IT LIKE A DUDE", so we have no idea what the original intent was (nor could we be certain it was the artist's intent, anyway, without a RS statement to this effect; record companies' PR departments are more often in control of CD covers than the artists, except at minor labels.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  13:36, 10 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Oppose. First, that's the actual name, and not a description.  Second, newspapers (such as the NY Times and LA Times in the US, and Guardian, Telegraph and Daily Mail in Britain) spell it "Bend It Like Beckham".  LouScheffer (talk) 21:45, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment. If the rules of the MOS result in spellings that practically nobody outside Wikipedia uses, then perhaps the rules of the MOS should be re-evaluated. For example, according to the AP stylebook, "like" is always capitalized. But having a Wikipedia MOS and then not using it consistently doesn't make sense. The whole purpose of a style manual is to ensure consistency. Darkday (talk) 23:17, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
 * And other style guides like Chicago Manual of Style say otherwise. the AP Stylebook is for news journalism. WP:NOT.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  13:36, 10 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose Bend it like Beckham; Support Bend it Like Beckham. We have precedent for capitalizing "stressed" prepositions from the Star Trek Into Darkness debacle, but we do not have precedence for capitalizing the word "it" in such a title. Therefore, I support a move to "Bend it Like Beckham". ONR (talk) 23:24, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
 * User:Old Naval Rooftops we also have a precedent for following WP:COMMONNAME. Can you please explain the rationale for a decapitalisation of the "i" in "It" while all the other words are capitalized?  GregKaye 10:31, 10 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Please can you also justify your claim: "we do not have precedence for capitalizing the word "it" in such a title". I did a search on allintitle: it site:https://en.wikipedia.org/ and rapidly found results: It Follows, Feelin' It (Jay-Z song), Fake It (Seether song), Fake It (Seether song), You Wrote It, You Watch It, Fake It (Seether song), Get Over It (Eagles song), Some Like It Hot, Come and Get It (John Newman song) and of course Beat It.  Also Pay It Forward (novel), Pay It Forward (film), Pay It Forward (financial aid policy) and, potentially conversely, Let It Bleed. GregKaye 11:24, 10 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Yeah, MOS:TITLE is clear that "It" would be capitalized. It says that explicitly. Just move on.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  13:36, 10 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Comment while recognising that Wikipedia is not (meant to be) a bureaucracy I think it may also be relevant to recognise WP:Officialname as "Bend It Like Beckham".. GregKaye 11:03, 10 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose I feel that WP:Officialname and WP:COMMONNAME both trump the MOS. I would note that several professional style guides capitalize prepositions of more than three letters, and that I would happily give the WP MOS a tremendous overhaul if it were up to me. I have no idea why anyone thought mob rule was a good way to come up with a style guide, or how debates like this are in any way productive. Wikipedia needs a paid copy chief, a benevolent dictator to oversee these matters, period. Krychek (talk) 21:56, 10 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment - GregKaye's pinging others, who would oppose this proposal, may fall into canvassing, which is discouraged. I did notify only a few, but I'm unsure if it's also canvassing. Still, relisting this discussion would invite more supporters. George Ho (talk) 04:22, 11 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Instead, if the rule is this stupid, change the stupid rule, not the smart title. Pandeist (talk) 16:15, 14 August 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Details about songs in film
I disagree with this edit. I think the details should be included. -- UKoch (talk) 21:06, 3 June 2016 (UTC)

Category:American ... films
I've just noticed that this article is part of several categories such as Category:American teen comedy-drama films. How is this an American film? -- UKoch (talk) 16:03, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
 * It isn't, so I removed all Merkian categories. -Roxy . wooF 16:09, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Lööks good to me. Thanks! -- UKoch (talk) 18:09, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Me too, but somebody keeps changing it back. Looks like we'll have to do an RFC. -Roxy the sceptical dog . wooF 20:09, 23 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Both Filmportal.de and AllMovie describe the film as a co-production between the UK, the US and Germany. At least one of the film's production companies, Kintop Pictures, is American. What makes you say this is not an American film?  snap snap  (talk) 20:27, 23 September 2021 (UTC)
 * It's like saying "Twelve Angry Men" is about the British court system. -Roxy the sceptical dog . wooF 21:25, 23 September 2021 (UTC)

A lot of categories
This article has 62 categories! Seems a bit extreme to me. Is there a way to reduce the number? Can categories be linked somehow? Seaweed (talk) 20:02, 28 May 2024 (UTC)

 * , ideally categories should reflect what is in the article body (though they often don't). Please feel free to remove any particularly egregious categories. For example, I wouldn't consider this a German film, just that the production had some financing from Germany. Erik (talk | contrib) (ping me) 20:08, 28 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bend It Like Beckham


text:
User talk:Malecasta

'''Please ensure your arguments are logical and ethical. Here are some fallacies to avoid.'''

J. R.R. Tolkien needs your help
J.R.R. Tolkien is up for Featured article candidates and is VERY CLOSE. As you seem to have originally contributed to the development of this article, could you help put the in line citations where they need to go? That is the last big thing to be done, and I would truly appreciate the help since I would love to see it get FA status and I have none of the books! :) Thanks much! Judgesurreal777 17:58, 12 March 2006 (UTC) --Thanks much, I appreciate it :) Judgesurreal777 08:23, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

Hale (band)
I had to remove those sections for its just a smorgasboard of lists. It is unencylopedic. I'm leaving out the influences section, and that might be included in the introduction, as to who are their major influences, NOT an entire section. The Equipment and the Goal sections has to be deleted. The Histroy section has to be rephrased. In toto, it is just a propaganda article. Check What Wikipedia is not. Howard the Duck 08:09, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Revise as needed. However, the equipment and goal sections give useful information about the band's method and mesasge. --Malecasta 01:31, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * reference: http://soundclick.com/hale or better yet, try googling informations about them --61.9.55.100
 * If it came from that website, then its copyvio. More so it shouldn't be there.Howard the Duck 05:19, 16 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It is fair to use copyrighted information as long as it is cited; this is "fair use." I'm very much for any "propaganda" claims to be cited so they can be fairly used as secondary sources for a reference article. --Malecasta 01:31, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You did vandalize the page, Howard. It appears to be that you have grudges against the band. --61.9.55.100
 * Ad hominems don't work for me. Howard the Duck 05:19, 16 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't think the page was vandalized. I do think information was deleted that could have been revised and discussed. --Malecasta 01:31, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

Please leave a signature and time stamp on my talk page. I see Howard the Duck, but I don't know who the other person is. --Malecasta 01:24, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I guess we should settle the issue at Talk:Hale (band). Howard the Duck 14:14, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject North Dakota
You may be interested in contributing to the new WikiProject on North Dakota. Anything you can do would be greatly appreciated! --AlexWCovington  (talk) 05:33, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for reverting the vandalism on my user page. =) -- Gogo Dodo 06:13, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

Use of the term "Edit-war"
You bring up an interesting point on Talk:The Hobbit regarding the use of the term "wp:edit war" for situations where two or more editors repeatedly edit the same piece of text without attempting to achieve consensus. Despite my use of it as jargon, having read your message I agree that it can be seen as being both emotive by appealing to the nature of conflict rather than the root causes of the conflict (which more often than not are easily dealt with by wp:nor,wp:v and wp:or) and is ideologically unsound (it belittles the atrocities of real war (see Aestheticization_as_propaganda) and serves to normalise militaristic language). Inherently (through wp:NPOV), wikipedia should not be condoning or conditioning it's editors to this kind of casual language, and a different, neutral term should be enshrined in policy to describe these situations. What do you think? Do you have any ideas for replacement terms? Is this something worth persuing, perhaps taking to wp:vp? Davémon (talk) 10:52, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Alberto Martín-Artajo
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Alberto Martín-Artajo, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? Oo7565 (talk) 19:09, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

Notification of automated file description generation
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This notification is placed on your talk page because a bot has identified you either as the uploader of the file, or as a contributor to its metadata. It would be appreciated if you could carefully review the information the bot added. To opt out of these notifications, please follow the instructions here. Thanks! Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) 12:03, 27 December 2013 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Malecasta


text:
Oyón-Oion

Oyón in Spanish or Oion in Basque is a town and municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain. The town was formed by the incorporation of the towns Barriobusto and Labraza.

Oyón is a sister city of the French town Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx.

title: Oyón-Oion


text:
Boundary commission

A boundary commission is a legal entity that determines borders of nations, states, constituencies.

Notable boundary commissions have included:
 * Afghan Boundary Commission, an Anglo-Russian Boundary Commission, of 1885 and 1893, delineated the northern frontier of Afghanistan.
 * Anglo-Turkish Boundary Commission of 1902–1905, delineated the border between Yemen and the Aden Protectorate.
 * Boundary commissions (United Kingdom) of the United Kingdom
 * Boundary Commission (Ireland) between the United Kingdom and Ireland
 * Boundary Commission of India, electoral boundary commission of India
 * Boundary Commission (Pacific Northwest) of the Pacific Northwest
 * Boundary Commission (Maine) of Maine
 * Boundary Commission (Alaska Panhandle) of the Alaska Panhandle
 * Boundary Commissions (Netherlands) of Indonesia
 * Comisión de Límites, the Mexican Boundary Commission after the Adams–Onís Treaty
 * International Boundary and Water Commission, for the US–Mexico border
 * Canada–United States International Boundary Commission, for the Canada–US border
 * Local Government Boundary Commission for England

title: Boundary commission


text:
Five-eighth

Five-eighth or Stand-off is one of the positions in a rugby league football team. Wearing jersey number 6, this player is one of the two half backs in a team, partnering the. Sometimes known as the pivot or second receiver, in a traditional attacking 'back-line' (No. 1-7) play, the five-eighth would receive the ball from the scrum half, who is the first receiver of the ball from the dummy-half or following a tackle.

The role of the five-eighth is often to pass the ball away from the congested area around the tackle, further out along the 'back-line' to the outside backs, the centres and wingers, who have more space to run with it. Furthermore, players in this position typically assume responsibility for kicking the ball for field position in general play. The five-eighth is therefore considered one of the most important positions, often referred to as a 'play maker', assuming a decision-making role on the field. Over time, however, as the game has evolved, the roles of the two halves have grown more aligned and difficult to distinguish. Along with other key positions – fullback, hooker and scrum half – the five-eighth makes up what is known as a team's spine.

One book published in 1996 stated that in senior rugby league, the five-eighth and hooker handled the ball more often than any other positions.

The Rugby League International Federation's Laws of the Game state that the "Stand-off half or Five-eighth" is to be numbered 6. However, traditionally players' jersey numbers have varied, and in the modern Super League, each squad's players are assigned individual numbers regardless of position.

Etymology
Traditionally in rugby football, there have always been two half-backs as well as scrums involving the forwards. Of the two half backs, the name "scrum half" was given to the one which was involved in the scrum by feeding the ball into it and the name "stand-off half" was given to the one which stood off to the side of the scrum. In Britain, where rugby league originated, this terminology has been retained. In Australian English, however, "five-eighth" is the term used for the number 6, to differentiate from the "half back" which is the name commonly given to the number 7. In New Zealand, both terms appear to be used interchangeably.

Notable stand-offs
Five-eighths that feature in their respective nations' rugby league halls of fame are England's Roger Millward, Australia's Wally Lewis, Bob Fulton, Brett Kenny, Albert Rosenfeld and Vic Hey, and New Zealand's George Menzies.

Rugby league's first known black player, Lucius Banks, played in the position for Hunslet R.L.F.C. in 1912-13.

title: Five-eighth


text:
Steamed bread

Steamed bread is a kind of bread, typically made from wheat, that is prepared by steaming instead of baking. Steamed bread is produced and consumed all around the world. In Chinese cuisine, mantou is a staple food of northern China, where up to 70% of flour production in the region is used to make it. There are now many variations of mantou in China, for example wholemeal mantou, milk mantou, and sweet potato mantou. Wotou is another steamed bread found in northern China. In South African cuisine, a number of groups produce steamed bread, such as the Zulu ujeqe which can be eaten alone or with tomato soup. South African steamed breads are typically made at home for consumption on the same day, but research on commercial production continues to advance, aided by earlier developments in the mass production of Chinese steamed bread. In the cuisine of the United States, one example of steamed bread is Boston brown bread.

The South African variety known as ujeqe is prepared by having the bread steam in its own fluids. While all steamed breads undergo this process to some degree, ujeqe is especially sealed off from external steam and is not allowed to lose its moisture in the cooking process. As a result, the very fibres of the bread have moisture sealed within them. Subsequently, ujeqe is also known to spoil quickly for that very reason. The bread is marked by a distinct golden skin (or thin crust). Ingredients typically include wheat flour, sugar, salt, yeast, and water. Oil is unnecessary as the bread retains its moisture for days, and would typically spoil first before drying out. This also makes ujeqe suitable for low calorie/low fat diets. Maize meal is sometimes added to the dough for a fuller texture.

title: Steamed bread


text:
Subijana-Morillas

Subijana-Morillas (Subilla Morillas) is a hamlet and concejo in the municipality of Ribera Alta/Erriberagoitia, in Álava province, Basque Country, Spain. It is located on the left bank of the Bayas, which separates it from Morillas.

title: Subijana-Morillas