text:
Talk:List of Unixes

BSDs
Some BSDs need to be worked in here in some form. I presently lack the appropriate knowledge to do it myself. ¦ Reisio 23:13, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Unixes


text:
Talk:Capacitor types

earlier discussions moved to talk:capacitor (component)/archive

Ultracapacitors
There is no justification for defining ultracapacitors as being different from supercapacitors, the terms are use intechangably in the literature. As this now appears to make a distintion between then I suggest that the passage be removed. However if someone has objectios to that please comment here, and we will sort this out. DV8 2XL 02:49, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

 * In that case, merge the two paras together explaining the similarity of the 2 terms.--Light current 15:17, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

Split please
Since the previous discussion appears to be prematurely archived, I will restart it (again).

This article needs to be split back up into separate articles about each different type of capacitor. The rest of the information should be moved back to the capacitor article. This article title can then redirect back to capacitor.

Creating giant articles that conglomerate anything vaguely related to the title is not Wikipedia style. — Omegatron 21:18, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I dont have objections to splitting in principle as long as all different capacitor types can be easily reached from this page in the first instance. How many pages are you thinking of splitting it into? After any splitting, we can see what we have left here and decide what to do with the remains at that time. No need for haste!
 * BTW I dont really agree that this page is too big, but if others think it would benefit from splitting then so be it.--Light current 03:22, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I think things are fine for now. DV8 2XL 03:35, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The page is only 33kb and can probably be shortened to 32kb if not 30kb with some careful concision editing. I don't think it needs to be split; all types of capacitors are capacitors, this entire article is still on the same topic.
 * If this page ever gets too long, then even if pages are created for each type, it's still fair to keep this as a summary page, with main article links and the like.
 * The template's been there for over a month and nothing seems to have been down about it. It needs to be removed if it is resolved not to split it, at least for now.
 * (I know I'm not a regular editor of this article and because I don't know much about capacitors I won't contribute, but I'm happy to copyedit it to fully merge it properly, if necessary.) Neonumbers 10:39, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

 * all types of capacitors are capacitors
 * Yet you want to keep capacitor and capacitor (component) separate? — Omegatron 02:43, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I never said that. I told you I'm not a regular editor of this page.  Here was me thinking capacitor was a disambiguation page... how did I ever get here?  I could swear, I found this page through playing around with disambiguation pages... hmm... I've confused myself...  I was wondering where the overall discussion on its working were, too; it must've been a really late night...  but that post was at 11:39pm local time!  (shakes head vigourously to regain orientation)
 * Anyway, this is what I think:
 * This page should be split if, and only if, there is more to write on each capacitor type. I don't know whether there is or not, I really don't.
 * If you are confident that more will be written, then by all means, go ahead. To be honest, I don't think anyone will revert it, and no-one seems to have strong objections, rather, just satisfaction with the status quo.
 * If it is resolved not to split the page, the notice must be removed. That's meant to be a temporary notice.  Neonumbers 04:51, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Indeed, the sections of the Electrical characteristics section that discuss general electrical behavior of capacitors should be moved off of this page. Most should probably go to the Non-ideal behavior section of the main Capacitor page. The main page is quite deficient in it's discussion of the non-ideal behavior of capacitors and would benefit from this merger. Pulu (talk) 09:22, 7 November 2022 (UTC)

ELCO
ELCO redirects here, but is not mentioned in the text. Could someone add it in the appropriate place? Is it an electrolytic capacitator? Piet 10:46, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

Preferred values
The article includes a section about E3, E6, E12 preferred values, and this duplicates information in a separate article called Preferred number (also redirected from Preferred values). It seems to me some of the text under Capacitors (component) could be removed. I have put a link to the Preferred number article, but I leave it to someone else to decide how much to take out. It is worth leaving in some of the historic discussion I think, and also the discussion of the wide tolerance of some capacitor types which is why the E3 or E6 values are used.Sangwine 19:18, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

Why is polarisation considered an advantage?
I have always experienced it as a nuisance, but in the table of types, it is listed as an advantage of electrolytic capacitors. - douglas bagnall

 * Changed table hdg to Features instead of Advantages.--Light current 15:05, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Doesn't help. Still a positive spin, and now it seems odd to have "Features" vs "Disadvantages" instead of the more usual "Advantages" vs "Disadvantages".  I'd vote for polarization to be moved from "Advantages" to "Disadvantages" unless some direct advantage to polarization can be pointed out.  It seems to me to be a necessary nuisance- the advantage is not the polarization but rather the lower cost that results from its use. --Treekids (talk) 15:31, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

This page says "Available in both polarized and unpolarized varieties", but Tantalum_capacitor says "All tantalum capacitors are polarized devices". Which is right? CLandau (talk) 17:18, 11 October 2010 (UTC)

Capacitor AC
The simplest way to drive an LED from line-voltage AC is with a large series resistor, which functions as a current source. Very inefficient, due to power loss in the resistor.

We could also drop line voltage to a low voltage to drive an LED with an AC capacitor. We can calculate power in the capacitor by V x A, but the result is not real watts - the answer is ideally all "imaginary" VA? In the real world, how do we calculate power dissipation in real capacitors used thus: how hot they would get, what would be safe design, etc? For example, if two LEDs are anti-parallel, and you want the total average current through the pair to be 20 mA, from a series capacitor, at 120 VAC, what capacitance is needed, what capacitor types would be appropriate, and would power issues in the capacitor be a concern?-69.87.204.197 13:31, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi 69.87.204.197. Capacitors, in themselves, are not voltage regulators. You are probably looking for switched-mode power supply, or a transformer followed by rectifier (and finally, depending on various factors, perhaps a capacitor to smooth the ripple). --Treekids (talk) 15:25, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Hi 69.87.204.197 . Yes, some people replace the transformer in a voltage regulator with a capacitor -- using a "Transformerless Power Supply".
 * We have (hot 120V) -- (capacitor) -- (small voltage) -- (neutral 120 V).
 * Using Ohm's law, V = IZ, I get that we want a capacitor with a Z =
 * Z = V/I = (120 V - small voltage) / 20 mA ~= 6000 jOhm.
 * Using the capacitor formula $$Z_C = - 1 / j 2 \pi f C$$, and assuming you're in the f = 60 Hz part of the world, I calculate that I want a capacitor with C =
 * $$C = - 1 / j 2 \pi f Z_C = - 1 / j 2 \pi 60 Hz 6000 jOhm$$ ~= 0.4 µF.
 * As you already guessed, we can't just use *any* 0.4 µF capacitor.
 * You also want the capacitor to have:
 * * non-polarized
 * * voltage rating higher than any expected input voltage
 * * ripple current rating higher than the actual ripple current.
 * The power dissipated in a capacitor is $$P = I^2 R$$, where R is the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor. If you pick a capacitor with a (relatively bad) ESR of 5 Ohms, then that capacitor would dissipate P = (20 mA)^2 (5 Ohms) = 2 mW.
 * A real transformerless power supply also includes a fuse and at least one zener and perhaps a transorb -- without them, spikes in the input power would destroy the LEDs. See http://massmind.org/techref/power/actodc.htm for details. --68.0.124.33 (talk) 18:22, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

Images
The link to images is good (when it works), except that it only has current pics, no historic -- but it would be much better to have such little example images in the article itself. I'm sorry not to see images anywhere of the old six-dot mica packages.-69.87.199.150 13:22, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

I agree, this article desperately needs pictures illustrating each type of capacitor --UltraMagnusspeak 18:28, 30 August 2010 (UTC)

Polarity
The section on marking should acknowledge polarity as an issue, and mention ways it is marked.-69.87.199.150 13:22, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

Erron in table "Fixed capacitor comparisons" (Alternating current oil-filled Capacitors)
"Alternating current oil-filled Capacitors" uses "Oil-impregnated paper" as dielectric. But in features: "Usually PET or polypropylene film dielectric." ! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Vladislav Pogorelov (talk • contribs) 03:27, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

Removed copypaste tag
I removed the copypaste tag. The Semec Web page claims a copyright of 2008, the table here has been in the article since the glory days of User:Light Current in 2005. This table is more comprehensive than the entries at the target Web page. Edits such as adding a phrase about RF properties of polystyrene capacitors, more than a year after the page was created and two years before the copyright date on the target Web page, make me confident that the copypaste material was taken from Wikipedia, not added to it. --Wtshymanski (talk) 00:25, 5 August 2012 (UTC)

 * I think you are right. I felt the opposite. To me it seemed more likely that a Wikipedia user copied all of Semec's table and integrated it into the Wikipedia article, rather than Semec selectively copying some of the Wikipedia table and integrating it into their page. However the copyright date *is* 2008 on the Semec page, and that is convincing along with the added phrase, so I won't add the copypaste back without further evidence. --JAC4 (talk) 03:31, 5 August 2012 (UTC)

New revised article
Hi, a lot of work is done, now the revised article is ready. The old article Types of capacitor contains a lot of discrepancies, f. e.

Under the sub-header “Types of dielectric” a lot of different things are mixed. It contains
 * general dielectric materials like: Air-gap, Ceramic, Glass, Paper, Vacuum,
 * detailed dielectric materials like: C0G, NP0, X7R, X8R, Polycarbonate, Polyester, Polystyrene, Polypropylene, PTFE or Teflon
 * capacitor types like: Electrolytic capacitors, Polymer capacitors, Trimmer, Double-layer capacitors,
 * “home-made” capacitors like: Gimmick, Printed circuit board,
 * very special customized types like: integrated circuits,

The sequence of the capacitor types in the table “Fixed capacitor comparisons” are not methodic, f. e. Paper, Metallized paper and Alternating current oil-filled capacitors as well as Direct current oil-filled and Kraft capacitor paper belong together. Additional capacitor types and application capacitor names are mixed.

Especially the comments to paper capacitors sounds like written in the 1950th and are old fashioned and partly obsolete.

Under the sub-header “Non-ideal properties of practical capacitors” some properties are described, which are standardized and in datasheets specified as “rated values”.

In the new edition of this article I have tried to follow strictly the industrial and the standardized view of the most important industrial produced capacitors. Greetings --Elcap (talk) 09:20, 14 December 2012 (UTC)

Copyedit
Copyedited this. Feedback encouraged! Comments:

 * My main comment is the lack of clarity implicit in the definition of "type". It creates the impression of a hodge podge. E.g., the comparison table has one column for both features and apps.

 * The difference between a "type" and an "application" remains blurry. Repeated, e.g., in Types of capacitors it talks of "Electolytic capacitors for special applications" followed by a list of what look like applications, rather than types: Motor start, Flashlight and Audio frequency. If these are truly types rather than uses of electrolytic capacitors in various applications, then something other than the application evidently distinguishes them and should be explained.

'': sorry,I forgot this, here the specified values out of IEC 62391-1 :added in the meantime '':This table has a precursor, many “highs” have “survived”. A high for prices to specify is impossible.''
 * No discharge current range is specified for class 4 supercapacitors.
 * Class 1, Memory backup, discharge current in mA = 1 • C (F)
 * Class 2, Energy storage, discharge current in mA = 0,4 • C (F) • V (V)
 * Class 3, Power, discharge current in mA = 4 • C (F) • V (V)
 * Class 4, Instantaneous power, discharge current in mA = 40 • C (F) • V (V)''
 * Comparison table would be better with quantified parameters, rather than "high" "very high", etc.

'':The dielectric is characteristic of a capacitor type (or family) not the electrodes for conventional capacitors. For supercapacitors it is different.''
 * Including dielectric as a separate column (but not electrode, etc.) seems to imply that dielectric is the type variable, which I don't think is intended.

 * The term "non solid (wet, liquid)" seems vague and redundant at the same time. If "liquid" is not acceptable, then clarification is in order.

 * The article uses the term "series equivalent". Equivalent to what?
 * Added some clarify tags.

 * Voltage proof needs to be defined.

 * More to come. Cheers. Lfstevens (talk) 02:29, 10 March 2013 (UTC)

 * some remarks added inbetween your questions. Regards --Elcap (talk) 10:00, 10 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Hi Lfstevens, first, thanks for correcting my German sounded English and streamling the text. But out of my opinion some deletions are going to far. F. e. capacitors are capacitors, writing "film" allone instead of "film capacitors" it seems to me like a mistake. Please accept, that I added "capacitor" in all tables.
 * One of my standard moves is to delete context when the context is obvious. That's why all the "capacitors" and "of the "capacitors" disappeared. If you're just going to add them back, I'll stop. I don't use the text to argue matters of style.

 * All your questions are wellcome. F. e. "voltage proof". Please where I have to give additional informations to this parameter.

 * Where it first appears.
 * regards --Elcap (talk) 18:10, 10 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Other terms that need definitions: end spray,

''Application of metallic contact layer ("schoopage") — The projecting end electrodes are covered with a liquefied contact metal such as (tin, zinc or aluminum), which is sprayed with compressed air on both lateral ends of the winding. This metallizing process is named schoopage after Swiss engineer Max Schoop, who invented a combustion spray application for tin and lead. See ref [7] in Film capacitor or ''

 * In "A "ripple current" is the RMS value of a superimposed AC current of any frequency and any waveform of the current curve", what is the wave form and what is the current curve?

''The waveform is any you like. You have to calculate by Fourier analysis a waveform given from the application into the Root mean square [RMS] value, that is the “effective” value.''

 * Recommend sticking with either K or C throughout.

Sorry, this question I don’t understand

 * In this context, is bipolar the same as non-polar?

bipolar is used for electrolytic capacitors with two anode foils in series connection makes a non-polar electrolytic capacitor, non-polar is used for film and ceramic capacitors are not polarized by their dielectric used

 * Don't understand this: "This DC current is represented by the resistor Rleak in parallel with the capacitor in the series-equivalent circuit of electrolytic capacitors." What does the "in parallel" imply?

''Sorry, if you don’t understand a series-equivalent circuit I can’t help you. Basics of understanding electronic circuits is something you have to have if you want to understand capacitors.''

 * Need a shorthand/abbreviation for "manganese oxide solid tantalum capacitors".

No, nothing exist something for Tantalum capacitors with solid electrolyte like “wet slug” for tantalum electrolytic capacitors with non solid electrolyte.

 * Still more to come. Lfstevens (talk) 20:28, 10 March 2013 (UTC)

Greatings --Elcap (talk) 08:52, 11 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Clarification needed, questions and answers

Question 1: As modern electronic equipment gained the capacity to handle power levels that were previously the exclusive domain of "electrical power"[clarification needed] components, the distinction between the "electronic" and "electrical" power ratings blurred. Historically, the boundary between these two families was approximately at a reactive power of 200 volt-amps.

''Answer: The boundary of app. 200VA is descended from the 1950s, 1960s. At this time the first fluorescent lamps (typical power 200VA) start to be a mass market. Because a lot of lamps would sold to the government, the industry, military it was typical an “electric” market. Since that times also the radio and later the TV market explode. This was and is an “electronic” market, because the customers are mostly private consumers. But as of 1990 and later the power electronic with Thyristors, GTO’s and other components coming from electronic manufacturers, gets higher and higher power handling. So as of 2000 latest the boundary between electric and electronic power rating blurred.''

Question 2: Wet tantalum (wet slug) Lowest leakage among electrolytics. Voltage up to 630 V (tantalum film) or 125 V (tantalum sinter body). Hermetically sealed. Stable and reliable. Military and space applications.[clarification needed],

Answer: This capacitors are so expensive and other cheaper types like aluminum electrolytic, ceramic or film capacitors mostly can fulfill the same requirement, that only military remains as customer because this wet slug capacitors have military approvals

Question 3: Air gap tuning capacitors. For high professional devices.[clarification needed

''Answer: May be you know some extremely expensive audio sets. For this “Bang & Olafson” devices air gap tunining capacitors with ball bearing axis are used.''

Question 4: The temperature coefficient is expressed in parts per million (ppm) per degree Celsius for class 1 ceramic capacitors or in %[clarification needed] over the total temperature range for all others.

Answer: Definition regarding to IEC 60384-1

I delete all "clarification needed" remarks Greatings--Elcap (talk) 08:31, 12 March 2013 (UTC)

voltage proof
None of the capacitor datasheets I've read this week use the word "proof". Is "voltage proof" (used 8 times in this article) yet another synonym for "working voltage", "rated voltage", "operating voltage", "guaranteed voltage", "nominal voltage", "the voltage written on the capacitor", etc.? Would this article be easier to understand if we replaced "voltage proof" with one of those synonyms? --DavidCary (talk) 17:36, 3 January 2014 (UTC)

IEC standard 62391-1 application classes
Class 1, Memory backup, discharge current in mA = 1 • C (F) Class 2, Energy storage, discharge current in mA = 0.4 • C (F) • V (V) Class 3, Power, discharge current in mA = 4 • C (F) • V (V) Class 4, Instantaneous power, discharge current in mA = 40 • C (F) • V (V)
 * Are these minimum requirements, typical values or what? And how come the diagram provided shows Class 4 range having a higher internal resistance than class 3? Ssscienccce  (talk) 11:46, 21 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Please feel free and contact the standardization group for answering your questions --Elcap (talk) 20:16, 22 July 2014 (UTC)

3-terminal capacitors not mentioned
Missing from this article is the 3-terminal capacitor. They are extensively used these days for suppressing radio-frequency interference as they internally cancel out the effects of unwanted inductance and so can work well over 1GHz. Normal capacitors don't work much above 100MHz.

Here is an example data sheet: []

Although I use them, I don't have expert knowledge of this and I can't face the prospect of fighting any edit war that might arise if I try to put this in the article. But hopefully someone can. Man with two legs (talk) 16:05, 10 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Is is a kind of X2Y Ceramic capacitor, leaded. The SMD version is shown in a picture. --Elcap (talk) 07:18, 11 September 2014 (UTC)
 * What it says in that section is either a different kind of capacitor or wrong. The three terminal capacitor has the outer two terminals shorted together and conducts unwanted RF to ground via the middle terminal.  The point is they work at very much higher frequencies than normal capacitors (well over 1GHz while two-terminal capacitors don't work much over 100MHz). Man with two legs (talk) 12:55, 28 September 2014 (UTC)
 * The 3-terminal capacitor, X2Y capacitor or feed-through capacitor, all these capacitors have the same function, which you have described correct in conducting unwanted HF noise to ground. With a little bit more fantasy you can combine the different styles to one functional picture. By the way, the frequency range is a question of inductance of the capacitor. SMD types filter higher frequencies than leaded types, that the reason for the succes of the X2Y capacitors.  --Elcap (talk) 07:54, 29 September 2014 (UTC)
 * 3-terminal capacitors leaded for through hole assembly also work above 1GHz while 2-terminal SMT capacitors don't work above 150MHz in my experience.
 * It would be a useful addition to the article to show properly what they are and how they work. Man with two legs (talk) 10:33, 9 October 2014 (UTC)

 * This additional about freqency range I try to add to the article ceramic capacitor. Source: Three-terminal Capacitor Structure, Murata,   --Elcap (talk) 08:45, 10 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I just have added it to this article, too. --Elcap (talk) 08:51, 10 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Good! Man with two legs (talk) 09:13, 14 October 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Capacitor types. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120619003041/http://www.kemet.com:80/kemet/web/homepage/kfbk3.nsf/vaFeedbackFAQ/242F5F2E69DCEC7485256EDF004CA495 to http://www.kemet.com/kemet/web/homepage/kfbk3.nsf/vaFeedbackFAQ/242F5F2E69DCEC7485256EDF004CA495
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130806054025/http://www.avx.com/docs/techinfo/soltant.pdf to http://www.avx.com/docs/techinfo/soltant.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:55, 14 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Capacitor types. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141222044332/http://services.eng.uts.edu.au/cempe/subjects_JGZ/eet/Capstone%20thesis_AN.pdf to http://services.eng.uts.edu.au/cempe/subjects_JGZ/eet/Capstone%20thesis_AN.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120813020215/http://electrochem.cwru.edu/encycl/art-c03-elchem-cap.htm to http://electrochem.cwru.edu/encycl/art-c03-elchem-cap.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071012093202/http://www.national.com/rap/Application/0%2C1570%2C28%2C00.html to http://www.national.com/rap/Application/0%2C1570%2C28%2C00.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:30, 30 July 2017 (UTC)

Concrete super capacitor
A cheap, new type of super capacitor has just been invented at MIT: https://newatlas.com/architecture/mit-concrete-supercapacitor Basvossen (talk) 01:02, 3 August 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Capacitor types


text:
Talk:United States Citizenship and Immigration Services

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Kmarquez96.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 12:00, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Demogorgon777, W1527371. Peer reviewers: Demogorgon777, W1527371.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 12:00, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 1 September 2020 and 18 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Maddiegear.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 12:00, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Restored some changes
Hello, I put back some paragraphs that were removed. They concerned the name changes and also level of efficency of the USCIS/BCIS/INS. I believe that these are relevent, worth mentioning, and reflect the on-going changes since Sept 11th in US Government. Also, I believe concerns regarding agencys performance are accurate, well known, and not a reflection of a bias or represent a hidden motive.

If people disagree (or agree!) I'd love to discuss it further. I'm kind of new to Wikipedia so I hope this is the correct way to do things!

Regards, Nycmstar 23:14, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

--- Hey there - I had removed it the paragraph the first time because it was a bit imprecise. I've taken another shot at modifying the language to make it more accurate.

Most importantly, USCIS is not the same as the old INS; it is only a piece of what INS used to be responsible for. The considerable enforcement functions, which include the Border Patrol, the Inspections Program, the Investigations Program, the Intelligence Program, the Detention and Removal Program, and the General Counsel, were transferred to different agencies within DHS (ICE and CBP). Therefore, it cannot be said that the INS was transformed into USCIS - the INS was actually abolished and its functions distributed among three new agencies of which USCIS is only one. Also, the use of "BCIS" is outdated, the agency should only be referred to as USCIS. In terms of nomenclature, DHS is a Department; USCIS is an agency (not the other way around).

INS' ineffectiveness is indeed generally accepted and could be included. However the reason shouldn't be attributed solely to "not screening applicants," though clearly that was one manifestation of the agency's (many) woes.in spanish

-

Hi there, Updated the new USCIS director information to reflect the new director Alejandro Mayorkas and removed the acting director Jock Straffon (sp?)

Recent changes and a few questions
Hello,

First, let me mention that I recently added a small section "USCIS Funding" to the page and included a couple of references. If someone has objections and/or comments related to this, please discuss them here.

Second, I have a few thoughts about the page in general:

1) I find it a little strange that there were no references on the page until now. Should the reference section perhaps be expanded?

2) Some minor comments regarding the statements describing the goals of USCIS.

For example: "The priorities of the USCIS are to promote national security, to eliminate immigration case backlogs, and improve customer services."

I am not sure if these are really their priorities. And are there other priorities, such as, for example, assisting family reunification and helping the U.S. businesses and the economy? Perhaps one should say instead "The stated priorities of the USCIS are..." or something like that. Do they mention anything about their priorities somewhere on their website?

My own experience with USCIS indicates that protecting national security (or at least how they perceive it) seems to be their overriding priority, which by supercedes by far all the other considerations, such as family reunification, economic growth, etc.

The same applies to the sentence "While core immigration benefits functions remain the same as under the INS, a new goal is to process applications efficiently and effectively." Is this really "a new goal" for them?

My understanding is that the main functional difference with INS is that some INS enforcement functions were taken away from USCIS ang given to ICE. (Maybe this should be mentioned explicitly?)

3) A small comment regarding the "Functions" section.

Is it really appropriate to list procedural requirements for naturalization (5 years, 3 years, 180 days etc) here? They seem a bit out of place in this section.

Regards, Nsk92 00:46, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Contact USCIS Citations
This section needs to include citations and drop some opinion statements. Is there an original editor who had sources in mind? MattHawke (talk) 19:45, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

I have to agree. (Kmarquez96 (talk) 03:38, 30 March 2017 (UTC)Kmarquez96)

Tagging of Citations and Expansion
I went ahead and added the tags for citation and expansion. This artcile severly lacks the quality needed for an article on behalf of an agency of the US Federal Government. Comparing this article to other agencies within Homeland Security, it falls short. It has been a long time since the concerns regarding citaion were brought up, so I believed it appropriate to cite. Alex (talk)

I believe it is important to cite all sources before you submit an article. (Kmarquez96 (talk) 03:39, 30 March 2017 (UTC)Kmarquez96)

Two articles referent at the same US Federeal Goverment Agency??
INS must be redirect at USCIS because now is the Official name UNITES STATES CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION SERVICE and add at the official name former INS  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Yayoloco (talk • contribs) 02:47, 26 December 2010 (UTC)

I disagree. The functions of the former INS are now divided between US Citizenship and Immigration Services, US Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and US Customs and Border Protection. As there are now three successor bodies to the INS, I believe that your proposed redirection would be misleading. --Jules7484 (talk) 18:50, 14 April 2012 (UTC)

Regarding Acting Director of USCIS
Hello all.

I have recently checked to see who the current acting director is of the USCIS and I believe it is no longer Lori Scialabba, and now is James McCament. It looks to me like this change was done on the 31st of March. The page that shows who the current leadership is, is stating that it was last updated on 1/20/2017 This makes things confusing for me, but from what I can find googling, apparently she is retiring.

All in all, according to the main site for USCIS, James McCament is the Acting Director so I am going to change this over. (Demogorgon777 (talk) 02:26, 4 April 2017 (UTC))

Going further into History
I used some research to dive further into the History that lead up to the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services. I found multiple sources that stated the same information to cross reference the validity of the section I added, and cited accordingly. Hopefully this will help the people who read this wiki page have a little more insight into this important agency. Please feel free to correct whatever needs to be corrected. (Demogorgon777 (talk) 06:46, 18 April 2017 (UTC))

Mission Statement
The February 23, 2018 change to the USCIS mission statement was an important story that was picked up by all major news outlets. User Corkythehornetfan undid my mention of this change and it is not clear why Corkythehornetfan feels this does not belong on the page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Taquim (talk • contribs) 04:09, 24 February 2018 (UTC)
 * I gave my explanation in my edit summary – WP:MISSION. I added WP:UNDUE on my talk page where you asked me. Mission statement's do not belong on Wikipedia. Corky  04:15, 24 February 2018 (UTC)

WP:Mission clarifies that an organization's mission statement does not normally belong on their page. In this case, however, the change to an organization's mission statement has been controversial and all major media outlets reported the story. WP:Mission in no way suggests that it is inappropriate to include this information on an organization's Wikipedia page. As for WP:UNDUE, I indicated in my edit that some groups supported the mission statement change while others did not. There is no bias conveyed in this edit. The current citation is for the NY Times article, but I'd be glad to add the Fox News article as a cite as well if you'd like. Please let me know if you have any suggestions on how this entry might be written better, and I encourage others to voice opinions on this. In the meantime, I will restore my edit. Taquim 06:19, 24 February 2018 (UTC)Taquim — Preceding unsigned comment added by Taquim (talk • contribs)
 * I still don't see a reason to include it. It made the news, so what? How is it any different then what the other agencies are doing during this administration. In the meantime, you should not revert any further until a consensus is reached. Corky  06:28, 24 February 2018 (UTC)
 * It made the news, therefore it has become relevant to the point that mentioning it in Wikipedia becomes mandatory. In the meantime, you should not revert any further until a consensus is reached. Taquim 06:41, 24 February 2018 (UTC)Taquim — Preceding unsigned comment added by Taquim (talk • contribs)
 * Learn the guidelines. Nothing is mandatory, and just because it's in the news, doesn't mean it should be included. You need now starting to edit war, which is against Wikipedia guidelines. There is no consensus, and your edit has been challenged. My edits are vandalism simply because I disagree with you and due to your lack of understanding how Wikipedia works. If you revert again, which I advise you not to, then I will report you. Corky  06:59, 24 February 2018 (UTC)

Ok, please do report, and save me the trouble of reporting you. Taquim 07:56, 24 February 2018 (UTC)Taquim — Preceding unsigned comment added by Taquim (talk • contribs)
 * For what? Disagreeing with you? Oh man, that's a sin in and of itself right there. I haven't violated any guideline, yet you're the one who violated WP:3RR. This is probably your first time hearing the word "no" so you're considering it vandalism because you can't handle when others don't agree with you. Corky  15:41, 24 February 2018 (UTC)
 * To repeat myself again: This edit is not about posting an organization's entire mission statement; that has not happened. This edit makes mention of a change to the mission statement that reveals a very significant change in the organization's mission. You keep asking me to discuss but you refuse to address this basic point. I can't imagine why you are so opposed to the addition of these 2 short sentences. All major news outlets covered this change and consider it to be a major news event yet Corky believes this to be unworthy of mention in the Wikipedia article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Taquim (talk • contribs) 09:03, 26 February 2018 (UTC)

What's up with the new mission statement for the US Citizenship and Immigration Services?
And added something about "honoring our values" that doesn't include the values carved onto the Statute of Liberty.
 * Deleted "America's promise as a nation of immigrants"
 * Deleted "providing accurate and useful information"
 * Deleted "citizenship benefits"

Who's stupid idea was this?

Old version: USCIS secures America’s promise as a nation of immigrants by providing accurate and useful information to our customers, granting immigration and citizenship benefits, promoting an awareness and understanding of citizenship, and ensuring the integrity of our immigration system.”

Xenophobic version:    “U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services administers the nation’s lawful immigration system, safeguarding its integrity and promise by efficiently and fairly adjudicating requests for immigration benefits while protecting Americans, securing the homeland, and honoring our values.”

https://www.uscis.gov/news/news-releases/uscis-director-l-francis-cissna-new-agency-mission-statement DOR (HK) (talk) 13:00, 26 February 2018 (UTC)

Needs History section
When and why formed, by whom, etc. This article is incomplete without that basic information.--47.32.20.133 (talk) 13:32, 4 July 2018 (UTC)

Citizenship Ceremony Lawsuit
Hi:

I'm doing research on behalf of a client, and I would like to propose adding something to this page about the recent class-action lawsuit filed in Pennsylvania asking the courts to authorize “judicial oath ceremonies or immediate administrative naturalization by USCIS” to assure that all approved candidates for naturalization are sworn in by late September. Though my client is not mentioned in these articles, the information could potentially benefit them and the work they do assisting immigrants in applying for citizenship. So, I want to err on the side of ethical practices. I would appreciate someone weighing in on, 1) if this is an appropriate addition to this page, and 2) if I should make this edit myself, or if I should make a CIO request. I'm conducting research because my client would like to add an article about themselves to Wikipedia. The way in which I see this possibly helping my client is through a Wikipedia intra link.

Lawsuit article links below.

https://www.rollcall.com/2020/06/12/immigrants-sue-government-over-delayed-citizenship-ceremonies/ https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/17/us/coronavirus-naturalization-citizenship-voting.html

Thank you for your review and consideration LeepKendall (talk) 19:11, 1 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Hi. I'm not sure how often this page gets attention. So, I'm calling on a few of you who have assisted me in the past to see if you would consider weighing in on my question/request. User:Nardog, and User:Ibadibam if you have the time to review and weigh in I'd greatly appreciate it.
 * Thank you LeepKendall (talk) 15:53, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Let's figure out where this information could go. Given that there is not an existing section in this article on litigation involving the USCIS, to add this case alone would constitute undue weight (if you have the time to write a more comprehensive summary of the agency's legal history, go for it!). Neither would I put it in History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States, because this case involves an administrative issue and at first glance doesn't appear to challenge statute. How about Immigration policy of Donald Trump? That already has content about recent administrative hurdles to visas and green cards. It seems like this new information would fit right in.
 * As for conflict of interest, I don't think you necessarily need to make a formal edit request, but you might again raise the topic on that article's talk page and see if there are objections. For this content, I don't anticipate a COI issue as long as you refrain from editorializing and stick to the facts as presented in your sources, both of which are reliable. In particular, I'd follow the sources' lead on avoiding any allegation of animus on the part of the administration. As to the proposed article about your client, it will require the full scrutiny of the Articles for Creation process. Ibadibam (talk) 20:26, 10 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Thank you so much User:Ibadibam. I will definitely look into your suggestions! Yes, we plan to run our client's new page through the proper creation channels. Best, LeepKendall (talk) 18:28, 13 July 2020 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Race, Law, and Politics
— Assignment last updated by Dorbwe (talk) 16:46, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

Who appoints the director?
How does one become a director of USCIS? Obviously Congress must have passed a law saying USCIS was to be established and would have a director. Normally it would say who appoints the director. Sometimes they say it's one of the heads of departments of the federal government—the Secretary of Whatever, who is a member of the president's cabinet. Sometimes they say the president appoints the person, with no need for confirmation by the senate. Sometimes they say the president appoints the incumbent subject to confirmation by the senate. Sometimes maybe it would be some other alternative.

How is it done in this case? Michael Hardy (talk) 19:25, 2 May 2024 (UTC)


text:
Construction accounting

Construction accounting is a form of project accounting applied to construction projects. See also production accounting. Construction accounting is a vitally necessary form of accounting, especially when multiple contracts come into play. The construction field uses many terms not used in other forms of accounting, such as "draw" and progress billing. Construction accounting may also need to account for vehicles and equipment, which may or may not be owned by the company as a fixed asset. Construction accounting requires invoicing and vendor payment, more or less as to the amount of business done.

In the United States, the authoritative literature on Construction accounting is AICPA Statement of Position SOP 81-1.

Construction auditing is an important part of construction accounting and deals with expenses - the IRS offers a guide. IRS Construction Audit Guide. The National Association of Construction Auditors recommends this guide.

Construction Costs
These are all cost related to the construction process, right from materials, labor costs, consultancy and all management expenses. Construction accounting involves charging construction costs to the applicable contract. Costs fall into three categories. Direct costs are labor, material, and subcontracting costs, land. Indirect costs include indirect labor, supervision, tools, equipment costs, supplies, insurance, and support costs. Selling, general and administrative costs, are generally excluded from contract costs.

Revenue Recognition
Construction accounting requires unique revenue recognition rules for contracts in progress.

In most cases, revenue is recognized using the Percentage of Completion Method. Under this method, revenue is recognized using an estimate for the overall anticipated profit for a particular contract multiplied by the estimated percent complete of that contract. This involves the inherent risk of relying upon estimates.

An example of a Percentage of Completion Method: A construction company has entered into contract to construct a building for $10,000,000. The building was completed in 2020.

2018              2019                 2020 Contract Price                                              $10,000,000          $10,000,000          $10,000,000 Actual cost to date                                         $2,291,000           $6,146,000          $10,211,000 Estimated cost to complete                                  $5,609,000           $4,210,000              $0 Total estimated cost                                        $7,900,000          $10,356,000          $10,211,000 Estimated gross profit (loss) (actual in 2020)              $2,100,000           $(356,000)           $(211,000)

Revenue Recognition:

2018: $2,291,000 / $7,900,000 = 29% * $10,000,000 = $2,900,000

2019: $6,146,000 / $10,356,000 = 59% * $10,000,000 - $2,900,000 = $3,000,000

2020: $10,000,000 - $5,900,000 = $4,100,000

Gross Profit:

2018: $2,900,000 - $2,291,000 = $609,000

2019: $(356,000) - $609,000 = $(956,000)

2020: $(211,000) - $(956,000) - $609,000 = $145,000

When using the Percentage of Completion Method you start with the contract price in this example is $10,000,000 for the entire job. The job is to be completed in three years. To record the first years revenue you start with computing the 2018 actual cost to date divided by the total estimated cost to get the percentage of completion for 2018 which is 29% of the job completed in 2018. You than take the 29% multiply by the cost of the job $10,000,000 and you get $2,900,000 of revenue fore 2018. To compute 2019 you take the same steps you take the actual cost to date of $6,146,000 divide it by total estimated cost of $10,356,000 and you get 59%. That is the percentage of the job completed in 2019. Now you take 59% multiply by contract price of $10,000,000 then subtract the previous years revenue of $2,900,000 and 2019 revenue recognized is $3,000,000. For 2020 you take the contract price of $10,000,000 and subtract the total of both previous years revenue which is $5,900,000 to get 2020 completed revenue of $4,100,000. To compute the gross profit for 2018 you take 2018 revenue of $2,900,000 and subtract the actual cost to date of $2,291,000 to get a gross profit of $609,000 for 2018. For 2019 you take the estimated gross profit form the table of $(356,000) subtract the 2018 gross profit total of $609,000 and you get $(956,000) for 2019. 2020 gross profit you take the estimated gross profit from the table of $(211,000) subtract the previous years of $(956,000) and $609,000 and you get $145,000 of gross profit.

Under SOP 81-1, revenue is also allowed to be computed using the Completed Contract Method. Under this method, contract revenues and costs are not recognized until the contract is substantially complete. However, this method is not allowable if the results are significantly different than results using the Percentage of Completion Method. The Completed Contract Method is allowed in circumstances in which reasonable estimates cannot be determined. However, these types of circumstances can be construed as a lack of internal control.

title: Construction accounting


text:
Benjamin Curtis Porter

Benjamin Curtis Porter (August 27, 1843 – April 2, 1908) was an American artist.

Early life
Porter was born at Melrose, Massachusetts on August 27, 1843. He was the son of Charles Porter and Julia (née Curtis) Porter. Porter came from an "old Massachusetts family whose scions have been good citizens, soldiers, divines and lawyers in America."

He was a pupil of Dr. Rimmer and Albion Harris Bicknell in Boston and of the Paris schools after traveling extensively in America and Europe.

Career
Porter, who began his career as a figure painter, eventually devoted himself to portraiture entirely. He was elected an associate of the National Academy of Design, New York, in 1878, and a full academician in 1880. Porter opened his studio, at 3 Washington Square North, in New York in 1880. Today, he is best known for his portraits. He was also the artist behind the portrait of Caroline Astor’s niece and grandniece, Helen Suydam Cutting, wife of Robert Fulton Cutting and Ruth Hunter Cutting who would go on to marry into the Auchincloss family. The portrait has been kept with the family for generations.

"Aside from study at Harvard, Porter's primary education seems to have consisted of several trips to Europe in 1872, 1875, 1878, and 1881. Cities which particularly interested him were Paris and Venice. By the early 1870s, Porter had established a successful portrait studio in Boston. His mark was made in New York in 1877 when a group of works he exhibited at the NAD Annual caused something of a critical sensation. He was soon elected to the Academy's membership (although he had to wait until 1903 to be elected to the Society of American Artists), and in 1883 he opened a New York studio, dividing his time for several years between Manhattan and Boston. His summers were usually spent in Newport, Rhode Island."

Personal life
In 1887, Porter married Mary Louise Clark of Bridgeport, Connecticut. In 1892, both Benjamin and his wife were included in Ward McAllister's list of "Four Hundred", purported to be an index of New York's best families, published in The New York Times. Conveniently, 400 was the number of people that could fit into Mrs. Astor's ballroom. Porter was a member of the Tuxedo Club and the National Arts Tavern Club in Boston.

He died at his residence, 22 West 11th Street in New York City, on April 2, 1908. His funeral was held at the Church of the Ascension on Fifth Avenue and West 10th Street.

title: Benjamin Curtis Porter


text:
Talk:La Bombonera

Untitled
The infobox template can be found at Template:Infobox_Football_%28soccer%29_stadium. Jeff 23:18, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Is Alberto J. Armando the name of one person?
--113.22.7.36 (talk) 01:10, 11 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, Alberto J. Armando was a Boca Juniors chairmen.--Bocafan76 (talk) 01:35, 11 October 2009 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was moved. --BDD (talk) 16:46, 14 October 2013 (UTC)

– The Argentine stadium is almost universally known in English (and apparently in Spanish) as The/La Bombonera, meeting the requirements of WP:COMMONNAME. I note that there are other stadiums also known as La Bombonera, the Argentine stadium is clearly the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC Hack (talk) 08:15, 30 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Estadio Alberto J. Armando → La Bombonera
 * La Bombonera → La Bombonera (disambiguation)

 * Support Cambalachero (talk) 16:08, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of association football-related page moves. --BDD (talk) 23:55, 9 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Support per nom. Mentoz86 (talk) 10:11, 14 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Support - I have only ever heard it referred to as 'La Bombonera'. GiantSnowman 10:54, 14 October 2013 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on La Bombonera. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070224011103/http://travel.nytimes.com:80/travel/guides/central-and-south-america/argentina/buenos-aires/attraction-detail.html?vid=1154654620587 to http://travel.nytimes.com/travel/guides/central-and-south-america/argentina/buenos-aires/attraction-detail.html?vid=1154654620587

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 06:35, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on La Bombonera. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.bocajuniors.com.ar/english/elclub_iso9001.php
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081220132359/http://www.bocampeonweb.com.ar:80/english/bombonera3.htm to http://www.bocampeonweb.com.ar/english/bombonera3.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:34, 11 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on La Bombonera. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120409063313/http://www.bocajuniors.com.ar/la-bombonera to http://www.bocajuniors.com.ar/la-bombonera
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130318072252/http://www.bocajuniors.com.ar/la-bombonera/historia to http://www.bocajuniors.com.ar/la-bombonera/historia
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081109055733/http://www.museoboquense.com/home.php to http://www.museoboquense.com/home.php
 * Corrected formatting/usage for https://web.archive.org/web/20081220132359/http%3A//www.bocampeonweb.com.ar%3A80/english/bombonera3.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:01, 9 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on La Bombonera. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120305104937/http://www.lapasiondeboca.com/la-bombonera-la-cancha-de-boca to http://www.lapasiondeboca.com/la-bombonera-la-cancha-de-boca

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:09, 8 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on La Bombonera. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090216134622/http://museoboquense.com/recuerdos_ver.php?id=000000055 to http://www.museoboquense.com/recuerdos_ver.php?id=000000055
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130218135829/http://www.agrupacionnuevoboca.com.ar/Club/Estadio/Default.asp to http://www.agrupacionnuevoboca.com.ar/Club/Estadio/Default.asp

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:18, 14 December 2017 (UTC)

Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussions at the nomination pages linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 02:37, 31 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Alberto J Armando.jpg (discussion)
 * La bombonera 2014.jpg (discussion)

Wiki Education assignment: Modern Latin America
— Assignment last updated by Katherine.Holt (talk) 16:36, 3 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:La Bombonera


text:
User talk:Ibdramakid

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed or reverted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 23:19, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ibdramakid


text: User talk:207.102.64.79

title: User talk:207.102.64.79


text:
Lincoln Beachey

Lincoln Beachey (March 3, 1887 – March 14, 1915) was a pioneer American aviator and barnstormer. He became famous and wealthy from flying exhibitions, staging aerial stunts, helping invent aerobatics, and setting aviation records.

He was known as The Man Who Owns the Sky, and sometimes the Master Birdman. Beachey was acknowledged even by his competitors as "The World's Greatest Aviator". He was "known by sight to hundreds of thousands and by name to the whole world".

Birth
Beachey was born on March 3, 1887, in San Francisco.

Following in his older brother Hillary's footsteps, he worked as a ground crewman for dirigible pilot Thomas Scott Baldwin. He helped build the dirigible California Arrow and made his first dirigible flight in 1905, at the age of 17. Later he helped design a faster, more aerodynamic dirigible known as the "Beachey-Baldwin".

In 1910 he piloted his Beachey-Knabenshue Racing Airship balloon at the 1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, and raced fixed-wing aircraft around a course at an altitude of 100 ft. Meanwhile, his brother Hillary began flying aeroplanes at the meet (the Gill-Dosh Curtiss-type biplane), and soon began experimenting with such craft, too.

At the 1911 Los Angeles airshow, Beachey made the first successful recovery from a nose-diving spin from an altitude of over 3,000 feet. No previous pilot had survived a similar situation.

After that, Beachey joined the exhibition team of aviation pioneer Glenn Curtiss. Unfamiliar with Curtiss' designs, he crashed three times while learning to fly them, but soon achieved mastery of this new design.

In June the organizers of the U.S.-Canadian Carnival offered $1,000 to the first person to fly an aeroplane over Niagara Falls. Beachey responded in his Curtiss D biplane, and on June 27, 1911, Beachey took off into a drizzle and flew over the lower falls of Niagara Falls, then above American Falls, before an estimated 150,000 spectators. While gradually climbing, Beachey circled his plane over the falls several times. After he completed this performance he dove down into the mists of the falls, within 6 meters (20 feet) of the surface of the Niagara River. Then he flew his plane under the Honeymoon Bridge 6 meters (20 feet) above the rapids and down the length of the Niagara Gorge. Local papers described his plane as looking like "a beat-up orange crate".

Although Wilfred Parke is credited with developing "Parke's technique" to recover from a tailspin, Beachey is also cited as having discovered the maneuver. Climbing to 5000 ft, he forced his plane into the spin and then turned the rudder in the direction of the spin, allowing him to level out. He repeated the maneuver eleven more times to confirm that it worked.

Thus Beachey became an aviation superstar: In one year, 17 million people saw him fly. At the time, the population of the United States was just 90 million people. His achievements include inventing figure 8s and the vertical drop. He was also the first pilot to achieve terminal velocity by flying straight toward the ground. Several pilots died trying to imitate him. After the death of someone he knew, Beachey briefly retired. After 3 months, he came out of retirement and perfected a trick known as "the loop".

At the 1911 Chicago International Aviation Meet, Beachey raced a train—and let his wheels touch the top of the moving train as it passed underneath. Here he also won multiple awards for his stunts, and set a new altitude record. To do this he filled his tanks with fuel, then said he would point the plane's nose skyward and keep going until the fuel ran out. For an hour and forty-eight minutes he spiraled upwards until the engine sputtered and died. He then glided in spirals to the ground, and climbed out, numb and stiff from the cold. The barograph aboard the plane showed he had reached a height of 11578 ft, temporarily setting the world's altitude record.

In 1912, Beachey, Parmelee, and aviation pioneer Glenn Martin performed the first night flights in California with acetylene burners, fuses, and small noise making bombs dropped over Los Angeles. In 1913, Beachey took off inside the Machinery Palace on the Exposition grounds at the San Francisco World's Fair. He flew the plane at 60 mph and landed it, all inside the confines of the hall. His stunt speciality was the "dip-of-death", where he would take his plane up to 5000 ft, and dive toward the ground at full speed with his hands outstretched. At the last moment he would level the plane and zoom down the raceway, with his hands off of the controls, gripping the control stick with his knees. In a jest aimed at Blanche Stuart Scott, another member of the Curtiss exhibition team, Beachey dressed up as a woman and pretended to be out of control in a mock terror to hundreds of thousands.

Orville Wright said, "An aeroplane in the hands of Lincoln Beachey is poetry. His mastery is a thing of beauty to watch. He is the most wonderful flyer of all."

Solo career
In 1913, a Russian pilot, Captain Pyotr Nesterov, made the first inside loop. Frenchman Adolphe Pegoud later that year became the second and more famous person to do it. Beachey wanted to try it himself. Curtiss refused to build him a plane capable of the stunt, and Beachey left the flying team. At the same time, he wrote a scathing essay about stunt flying, stating most people came to exhibitions out of morbid eagerness to see young pilots die. On March 7, 1913, he announced he would never again fly professionally, believing he was indirectly responsible for the deaths of several young aviators who had tried to emulate his stunts. In May, he would cite twenty-four fatalities, all of whom were "like brothers" to him. He felt tremendous guilt about their deaths and the suffering of their families.

Beachey went into the real estate business for a time, until Curtiss reluctantly agreed to build a stunt plane powerful enough to do the inside loop. Beachey returned and, on October 7, took the plane up in the air at Hammondsport, New York. On its first flight, either a downdraft or a loss of speed following a turn caused the plane to dip momentarily. One wing clipped the ridgepole of a tent on the field and the plane then swept two young women and two naval officers off the roof of a nearby hangar, from where they had been watching the flight, contrary to Beachey's wishes. One woman was killed and the others injured as a result of the fall, a distance of about 10 ft. Beachey's plane crashed in a nearby field but he managed to walk away from the wreckage with minor injuries. (A coroner's jury ruled the death of the 20-year-old woman as accidental. ) Beachey decided for the second time to leave aviation.

However, the sight of a circus poster changed his mind. The poster depicted a plane flying upside down, a stunt that had not been attempted yet. Beachey was determined to master the loop and upside-down flight, but decided to go it alone.

He tried making a living demonstrating loops on exhibition grounds, but soon found that people would not pay to see a stunt they could see easily outside the gates. He retired for a third time, but returned when his manager had an idea that he depicted in a poster: the "Demon of the Sky" against the "Daredevil of the Ground". Beachey was to race his plane against a racing car driven by the popular driver Barney Oldfield. The manager made sure there was a high fence around the exhibition grounds, forcing people to pay if they wanted to see the race. Beachey's plane was faster than Oldfield's car, but they took turns "winning", and crowds flocked to see their daily competitions. With the money he earned by racing, Beachey designed and built a new plane, the "Little Looper". He had his name painted in three-foot-high letters across the top wing. Soon he was flying multiple loops. Whenever he heard about another pilot setting a record for flying continuous loops, Beachey would promptly break it, flying as many as eighty loops in a row. Beachey and Oldfield toured the country, staging races everywhere they went. In Dayton, Ohio, home of the Wright Brothers, they performed to a crowd of 30,000.

After he first successfully completed a loop, he wrote a poignant reflection, saying, "The silent reaper of souls and I shook hands that day. Thousands of times we've engaged in a race among the clouds. Plunging headlong in to breathless flight, diving and circling with awful speed through ethereal space. And many times when the dazzling sunlight has blinded my eyes, and sudden darkness has numbed all my senses, I have imagined Him close at my heels. On such occasions I have defied him, but, in so doing have experienced fright which I can not explain. Today, the old fellow and I are pals."

In 1914, he dive-bombed the White House and Congress in a mock attack, proving that the US government was woefully unprepared for the age that was upon it.

In 1915, he had a large wooden model made of the battleship Oregon and had it anchored a mile offshore of San Francisco just before the Panama–Pacific International Exposition. The Navy lent him 100 sailors to man the fake vessel, which was loaded with explosives. Beachey flew his plane over the model, dipped, and dropped what looked like a smoking bomb. One explosion grew into fifty as Beachey swooped over the model predreadnought. The crew had already escaped aboard a tugboat, but 80,000 people onshore screamed and some fainted in the belief that Beachey had just blown up the Oregon.

Death
Beachey made his final flight at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition. Prior to the exposition, in 1914, he had the Beachey-Eaton Monoplane built. The plane was similar to the Morane-Saulnier H with the addition of tricycle landing gear and large ailerons trailing the wing, which made the wing shape similar to, and caused some to refer to it as, a Taube. Using the same 80 hp engine he had been using in his Beachey Biplane in the lighter and more maneuverable monoplane allowed for the top speed to increase from 80 to 100 mph, thus making his loops and maneuvers even more spectacular. It would also be the first exhibition of inverted flight in a monoplane. He had tested it at higher altitudes, and on March 14, 1915, he was ready for his first public flight.

He took the plane up in front of a crowd of 50,000 (inside the Fairgrounds—with another 200,000 on the hills), made a loop, and turned the plane onto its back. He may have been so intent on leveling the inverted plane, he failed to notice he was only 2000 ft above San Francisco Bay. He pulled on the controls to pull the plane out of its inverted position, where it was slowly sinking. The strain caused the rear spars in its wings to break, and the crumpled plane plunged into the bay between two ships. Navy men jumped into action, but it took 1 hour and 45 minutes to recover Beachey's body. Even then, rescuers spent three hours trying to revive him. The autopsy found he had survived the crash with only a broken leg, but had died from drowning, unable to release his safety harness while falling. The engine from the wrecked plane was later acquired, still in working condition, by aviator Katherine Stinson and used by her in a tour of the Orient.

His funeral in San Francisco was said to be the largest in the city's history up until then. Vast crowds had followed his tours and it has been estimated that 30 million people saw him in his career, 17 million in 1914 alone. On the one year anniversary of his death, a memorial organized by aviator Edna Christofferson drew hundreds to pay their respects, and the San Francisco Examiner reported that Beachey's grave "was buried under an avalanche of floral tributes."

In popular culture
Beachey's final flight, which resulted in his death, was remembered in a children's jump-rope rhyme which was sung by children in San Francisco in the 1920s.

Beachey is also referenced in pages 19 and 20 of the fiction book Johnny Got His Gun. In the book he is flying over the main character's home town.

title: Lincoln Beachey


text:
Alien vs Predator (Atari Jaguar video game)

Alien vs Predator is a 1994 first-person shooter developed by Rebellion Developments and published by Atari Corporation for the Atari Jaguar. It was also distributed in Japan by Mumin Corporation, where it became a pack-in game for the console. It is the first entry in the Alien vs. Predator franchise developed by Rebellion. Taking place in a simulation depicting the fall of the Golgotha training base camp, the game offers three playable scenarios: Alien, Predator, or a human of the Colonial Marines. The player is presented with a series of interconnected sublevels and ships to progress through. Each character has different objectives, abilities, weapons, and disadvantages.

Alien vs Predator originally began as a corridor-based shooter for Atari Lynx that was under development by Images Software, featuring references to Dark Horse Comics' Aliens vs. Predator comic book series, but was cancelled as Atari focused its resources on the Jaguar. Production was later restarted, initially intended to be a port of the beat 'em up game of the same name developed by Jorudan for SNES, but was retooled into a first-person shooter when Atari submitted the proposal to 20th Century Fox and Activision, commissioning Rebellion to work on the game. It was produced by James Hampton, being one of his first projects when starting work for Atari after departing Lucasfilm Games.

Alien vs Predator garnered generally favorable reception from critics, earned several awards from gaming publications and sold 52,223 copies by 1995, becoming the system's killer app. Atari had opened discussions with Beyond Games about their interest in developing a sequel for the Atari Jaguar CD, but dropped out of these negotiations shortly before the Jaguar was officially discontinued. A Jaguar CD conversion was also in the planning phase but never moved forward, though ideas provided by Atari to 20th Century Fox for this unreleased version were later used in Aliens Versus Predator (1999). Retrospective commentary has been equally favorable and is cited as one of the best games for the platform.

Gameplay
Alien vs Predator is a first-person shooter game similar to Wolfenstein 3D (1992), presented with digitized graphics on a rudimentary 3D environment. The plot takes place in a simulation depicting the fall of the Golgotha training base camp; an unknown vessel approaches the base and is retrieved for further examination. The camp is quickly overrun by Aliens as soon as the vessel is aboard, leading to the evacuation of civilians, recruits and personnel from the area. The remaining Colonial Marines go into defensive positions in an attempt to protect the base from xenomorphs, while sending an emergency distress signal requesting for backup. A Predator ship looms over the horizon from their home planet, preparing itself to board the station after receiving the signal, seizing the opportunity to hunt down xenomorphs.

The game offers three playable scenarios: Alien, Predator, or a human of the Colonial Marines. Each character has different objectives, abilities, weapons, and disadvantages, while the player is presented with a series of interconnected sublevels and ships to progress through. When playing as an Alien, the main objective is to rescue the Alien queen, who is being held captive on a Predator spaceship. The player must kill Colonial Marines and Predators along the way in order to reach the queen. The Alien is unable to heal itself from injuries and instead "cocoons" Marines; if an Alien dies, a previously cocooned Marine will spawn a new Alien, allowing the player to continue from that location. The Alien is unable to use elevators and instead travels between sublevels through air ducts.

When playing as a Predator, the main objective is to reach and kill the Alien queen to claim her skull. The Predator can use elevators to travel between sublevels but cannot travel through air ducts. The Predator can use a cloaking device to become invisible from Marines but not the xenomorphs. The scoring and weapon systems are based on how the player kills enemies; the Predator is initially equipped with a wrist blade but killing enemies while visible result in an increase of "honor" points, allowing access to extra arsenal such as a close-range combi stick, a smart disc, and a shoulder cannon. Conversely, killing enemies while invisible results in a loss of points and lose access to weapons. The player can lose health by stepping over the Alien's acid blood after being killed and can get attacked by Facehuggers. The player carries a health pak, which is refilled by collecting food and medical kits, and use it later to regain health.

When playing as private Lance J. Lewis of the Colonial Marines, the player's main objective is to escape from Golgotha, which has been invaded by Aliens and Predators, activate the base's self-destruct mechanism and exit the area in an escape pod. Lewis awakes in the base's brig after a cryosentence for strike offence at an officer and has no weapons, security clearance, or motion tracker. The player must find weapons from deceased Marines like a shotgun, a pulse rifle, a flamethrower, and a smart gun in order to fend off enemies. The player can traverse sublevels through elevators and air ducts, and must also find security cards from deceased personnel to access other areas within the base's sublevels. Lewis can also collect food and medical kits scattered across the base to recover health, but cannot store them unlike the Predator.

The player must also conserve as much ammo as possible in order to defend themselves, as Lewis cannot carry ammunition found on the base as well. Lewis can use computer terminals around the sublevels and medical laboratories to learn about the backstory of the base and recover health respectively, but the final amount of health possible depends on which security card the player possesses. Like the Predator, Lewis can lose health by stepping on acid blood and get attacked by Facehuggers. Once a character's health is depleted, the game is over. Progress is manually saved into one of three save slots, while high scores and other settings are kept via the game's internal EEPROM. However, killed enemies are revived and item placement is randomly determined each time the player resumes progress.

Development
Alien vs Predator was created by Rebellion Developments, a Oxford-based game developer founded in 1992 by brothers Jason and Chris Kingsley. Its foundation was laid when the brothers secured a deal with Atari Corporation; Rebellion presented a demo for Atari Falcon, which depicted flying dragons against longships to the publisher's directors, whom sought games for Atari Jaguar. They were commissioned to work on AVP and Checkered Flag (1994) after being impressed with their previous release, Eye of the Storm (1993) for PC. It was produced by James Hampton, a developer who had worked at Lucasfilm Games before departing to Atari, being one of his first projects when starting work for the company in 1992. Mike Beaton from Rebellion was lead, and initially sole, programmer, and developed the graphics engine for the game. Andrew Whittaker (now Jane Whittaker) joined subsequently and co-developed the gameplay engine with Beaton. Mike Pooler from Atari provided additional coding, including sound. According to Hampton, the project originally began as a corridor-based shooter for Atari Lynx that was under development by British studio Images Software, featuring characters and locations in reference to Dark Horse Comics' Aliens vs. Predator comic book series. Images Software created a demo that featured the Predator and a human of the Colonial Marines but lacked the Alien as a playable character, however the game was put on hold and later cancelled as Atari focused its resources on the Jaguar.

Work on the project restarted as Atari was ramping up production of games for the Jaguar, initially intended to be a port of the beat 'em up game of the same name developed by Jorudan for SNES, but Hampton and Rebellion both felt it did not represent the franchise's universe and characters properly. Hampton then submitted a retooled design proposal to 20th Century Fox and Activision, which labeled it as a first-person shooter with the ability to play either of the three characters without elements from the comic book series. The decision of three playable characters was an idea from the Kingsley brothers. Atari also shared with Rebellion the original design documents from the Lynx version, along with concepts by their internal team. Hampton acknowledged Wolfenstein 3D and Doom (1993) as the game's influences, due to him and Atari encouraging the staff to play similar titles. Alien vs Predator was initially developed in-house by Rebellion, whose team was expanded to assist with other projects, including Whittaker assisting with programming its gameplay engine with Beaton, who also wrote the graphics engine. Hampton revealed that the game's then-low budget caused issues during production, leading it to be delayed in order to bring the team to Atari and finish development.

Lewis claimed its gameplay was initially similar to Doom but Hampton felt each playthrough could be more dynamic, handing the level design reins to him and designers at Atari; Andrew Keim, Dan McNamee, Hank Cappa, Hans Jacobsen, and Sean Patten served as co-level designers. They came up with the plot and object placement as well as directing the game's flow. Lewis also acted as co-writer along with Chris Hudak. Lewis recalled the Atari staff were given freedom and strived to portray a non-linear feel, designing each level for all three campaigns to allow the player finish the game in various ways. The Colonial Marine is named after Lewis. The staff was also encouraged to watch the movies for reference. The game runs between 10 and 15 frames per second, with in-game visuals being displayed at a 16-bit color format, while cutscenes and static screens are rendered at a 24-bit color format. The Jaguar's Blitter and GPU processors are used to draw surfaces and handle calculations respectively. The Alien's AI, dubbed "Alien Chess", was written by Whittaker and its function is to activate enemies when the player approached them.

Art design
Alien vs Predator initially made use of hand-drawn graphics but were deemed not realistic enough by the Kingsley brothers, opting instead to use tile panels for the texture-mapped graphics and model figures for sprites. The idea of photographing built models came from both Wilson and Harrison-Banfield. Jeffrey Gatrall, and Keoni Los Baños were also responsible for the artwork. Characters and tiles began with a series of production sketches drawn by Rebellion's art team, using the drawings as a starting basis to create models and tiles. Walls, ceilings, and floors were made from scratch using 5x5 inch tiles made up from various materials such as latex, wax, and resin, with one particular tile created for the kitchen areas having drinking straws as pipes running across, while the details were then airbrushed. The tiles were later photographed and digitized using a 35mm camera.

This process was also applied to character models, using the same materials as the titles but created as a mix of custom-made models and off-the-shelf kits from a local shop. Each animation were then filmed using the models through the process of stop motion and digitization. Patten built replicas of the movies' costumes and props due to being a fan of the franchise. Patten was then digitized using the costume for the Colonial Marine's animations, while the character's HUD portrait is from his likeness. All the graphics were compressed using "JagPEG", an adaptation of the JPEG format by Atari, which compresses art assets into approximately an 8:1 ratio without loss of the picture's quality. Both the cover art for packaging and the title screen were rendered in LightWave 3D by freelance artist Andrew H. Denton.

Audio
Alex Quarmby, James Grunke, Michael Stevens, Nathan Brenholdt, Paul Foster, Tom Gillen, and Will Davis were in charge of the game's music and sound effects. Many of the sound effects and voices samples in Alien vs Predator were provided by Atari's audio department, in addition to films from the Alien and Predator franchises. The sound when an Alien cocoons a Colonial Marine was done by McNamee, who took a bite out of an apple. The Colonial Marine's voiceovers were performed by Grunke, who was head of Atari's audio department. The voice heard in the game's computer terminals was recorded by Sandra Miller, wife of former Atari vicepresident and VM Labs founder Richard Miller. The Alien screams were recorded from Richard Miller's then-newborn child.

Release
Alien vs Predator was first showcased to the public during a 1993 press conference hosted by Atari Corporation at Sunnyvale, California, being one of the first titles officially announced for the Atari Jaguar. Early previews prior to release showcased several graphical differences compared to the final version. The game made its first trade show appearance at the 1994 Winter Consumer Electronics Show,  and later at the 1994 Summer CES prior to release. It was originally slated for a January 1994 launch and then rescheduled for a Q2 1994 release but was later delayed, with memory constrains being cited as one of the main reasons.

Alien vs Predator was first released Europe on October 20, 1994, and a day later in North America. In France, the game was distributed by Accord. It was also distributed in Japan on December 8 by Mumin Corporation, where it became a pack-in game for the Jaguar. A Jaguar CD conversion tentatively titled Alien vs. Predator: The CD was announced to be released in February 1996, but it never moved forward beyond the planning stages. In 2001, a prototype ROM image of the unreleased Atari Lynx version in a mostly finished state was leaked online. A virtual reality version that supported the never-released Jaguar VR headset was also under development but it went unreleased.

Reception
Alien vs Predator was one of the most high-profile and eagerly awaited Atari Jaguar titles after several delays, garnering generally favorable reception from critics and being regarded as the system's killer app. Internal documentation from Atari showed that the game had sold 52,223 copies by April 1, 1995, though a July 1995 supplement issue by Edge magazine tells that over 85,000 copies were sold worldwide. GamesMaster's Marcus Hawkins applauded the game's atmospheric visuals, sound effects, playability, and replay value of the three campaigns. Computer and Video Games' Mark Patterson and Rik Skews gave very high marks to the graphics and gameplay, but found the game's audio as its most disappointing aspect. Digital Press' Edward Villapando lauded its sound design and replay value, but noted that the game initially seemed long and difficult.

Conversely, Edge compared it unfavorably with Doom (1993). Electronic Games' Steven L. Kent also noted similarities with Doom and Wolfenstein 3D due to the game's engine. Kent praised its gameplay, presentation, and realistic depiction of the Aliens and their speed, but criticized the low resolution of characters and objects when approached closely as well as the control layout. Electronic Gaming Monthly's four reviewers commended the ability to play with three characters but they felt the game did not captured the same elements that made Doom and Wolfenstein 3D popular, criticizing its controls as well as the "choppy" animations and frame rate. Games World's four reviewers gave positive remarks to the texture-mapped visuals, choice of three characters, and sound but were ultimately unimpressed and disappointed with the game, faulting its "empty" gameplay and slow pacing.

In contrast, GameFan's Dave Halverson and Frank Martinez Jr. found the game more strategic than Doom, praising its audiovisual representation of the movies and controls. Game Players regarded it as a Doom rip-off, noting the game's lack of originality, but praise was given for being faithful to the AVP franchise and authentic depiction of each character. GamePro's Manny LaMancha commented favorably regarding the gameplay scenarios, photo-realistic graphics, "creepy" sound, and balanced controls. Ultimate Future Games found the Colonial Marine campaign much simpler compared to the Alien and Predator campaigns, citing the variety of weapons. They highlighted its tense atmosphere and detailed visuals, but faulted the level design. VideoGames' Jim Loftus lauded the game's realistic graphics, digitized sound effects lifted from the movies, and gameplay but criticized the complexity of each map.

ST Review's Nial Grimes applauded the overall audiovisual presentation, movie-style atmosphere and tension, and gameplay. Nevertheless, Grimes saw the harmful acid blood pool left by Aliens and the Predator campaign to be the game's negative points. Next Generation commented that playing as the Marine felt movie-like and found the Predator scenario as the easier of the three campaigns, but negatively noted the slow loading times and cumbersome controls. Game Zero Magazine's two reviewers echoed similar opinions as most reviewers, lauding the digitized backgrounds and character models, and gameplay. They noted the slow movement of both the Marine and Predator, and lack of in-game music, which they felt it added to the game's suspense.

The Electric Playground's Victor Lucas agreed, citing the "claustrophobic" atmosphere due to lack of music during gameplay and the three scenarios. Lucas regarded it as one of the best Jaguar games alongside Doom and Tempest 2000. AllGame's Colin Williamson praised the multiple campaigns and level design, writing that "All in all, Alien vs. Predator is one of the few must-buy titles for the Jaguar, and is certainly worth checking out if you're a fan of first-person shooters." Atari Gaming Headquarters' Keita Iida concurred with Williamson, calling it "a terrific effort that displays the hardware prowess of the Jaguar."

Accolades
Game Players named Alien vs Predator as "Best Jaguar Game" of 1994. GameFan named it "Best Action/Adventure" game on the Jaguar in their third Megawards edition. VideoGames also named it "Best Jaguar Game" of 1994, over Doom and Tempest 2000. Flux magazine ranked the game 60th on their "Top 100 Video Games." In 1996, ST Format regarded it as one of the ten best games for the Jaguar. GamesTM regarded it as one of the six best games for the Jaguar. Retro Gamer also deemed it one of the ten best games for Jaguar. HobbyConsolas identified it as one of the twenty best games for the platform. GameTrailers named Alien vs Predator as one of the "Top Ten Scariest Games". They noted that while creepy on its own, the early hardware of the Jaguar did not allow the player to notice an enemy sneaking up on them, and with little other noise to warn the player. Prima Games also ranked the game 29th on their "50 Scariest Video Games of All Time" feature. In 2023, Time Extension listed it as one of the best games on Jaguar.

Retrospective coverage
Retrospective commentary for Alien vs Predator on Atari Jaguar has been equally favorable. Writing for MyAtari magazine, Robert Jung lauded the game's story concept, three playable characters, involving gameplay, and overall audiovisual presentation but saw the choppy turning movement, lack of a run button, and inability to configure the controls as shortcomings. Author Andy Slaven agreed, writing that "this dark and atmospheric corridor shooter still manages to impress today's jaded gamers with its smooth graphics and gameplay." 1UP.com's Jeremy Parish recommended it as an alternative to Aliens: Colonial Marines (2013), though he expressed that the game has not aged well. Rice Digital's Pete Davison concurred with Parish, finding it dated and "clunky" by modern standards. Regardless, Davison found the game's open-structure design intriguing in contrast to its linear level-based contemporaries, and lamented its exclusion from the Atari 50: The Anniversary Celebration compilation.

Legacy
After Alien vs Predator was released on the market, Atari Corporation had opened discussions with Beyond Games about their interest in developing a sequel planned for the Jaguar CD titled Alien vs Predator 2: Annihilation, however Atari dropped out of these negotiations shortly before they officially discontinued the Jaguar platform. An unfinished model of the Alien intended for the sequel is owned by Beyond Games' de facto successor - Smart Bomb Interactive (now WildWorks).

Rebellion Developments would go on to develop other games in the Alien vs. Predator franchise such as Aliens Versus Predator (1999) for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X, which used ideas that were provided by Atari to 20th Century Fox for the unreleased Alien vs. Predator: The CD for Jaguar CD. In 2008, the source code of Alien vs Predator was released by hobbyist community Jaguar Sector II under a CD compilation called Jaguar Source Code Collection.

In 2019, an unofficial Unreal Engine 4 remake by developer Shane Ruetz for Windows was made available online for free.


text:
Talk:Belvedere (band)

An image on this page may be deleted
This is an automated message regarding an image used on this page. The image File:Angels live in my town.jpg, found on Belvedere (band), has been nominated for deletion because it does not meet Wikipedia image policy. Please see the image description page for more details. If this message was sent in error (that is, the image is not up for deletion, or was left on the wrong talk page), please contact this bot's operator. STBotI (talk) 04:44, 31 December 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Belvedere (band)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ed Sauer

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy delete. This seems to be an attack page, and, at best, is a hoax. Speedied as A1 and A6, and borderline G3. - A Man In Black (conspire | past ops) 07:38, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Ed Sauer
my son richard was taken by ed, in fact in the letter ed sent the police in 1992 he said our sons named, we support this article being online, and hope it will help to lead to the capture of ed sauer. signed, Richard Wallace Sr. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.140.37.46 (talk • contribs) 23:35, 14 October 2005

My brother william was taken by Ed Sauer, its good to see that someone finally had the guts to publicly post an article about him. Now i hope we can find him, and hopefully find my brother alive signed Patrick McAnonomys — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.140.37.46 (talk • contribs) 23:35, 14 October 2005

Please do not delete this post. My dear husband Tom was the police officer who was bitten and killed by this terrible monster of a man. I wish for everyone to know about what this terrible person did so that they can keep an eye out for him. I would like to ask for anyone who possesses a picture of the man to post it so people can look out for him. Please do it for my dear husband Tom.

Karen B. - Unsigned comment by 63.13.156.22, who also deleted the first two votes below.

 * Delete as hoax. This person is supposedly a cannibal as well as a paedophile so would have plenty of Google results if he were real. Capitalistroadster 00:52, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete silly vandalism --JJay 01:34, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vandalism. Also, I think that due to the vandalism to the AfD, it might be pertanant to look into speedying this (G3, A1, A6, A7) (I also edited this AfD as 140.103.191.204) --CastAStone 02:32, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Even if the guy is real -- and I bet he's not -- we're an encyclopedia, not a webhost. Pleading that the article will help catch him is not a way to save the page. --Jacquelyn Marie 04:00, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Smells like a hoax or attack page. If the latter, delete it speedily. Pburka 04:14, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:131.104.138.46

title: User talk:131.104.138.46


text: User talk:80.6.218.103

title: User talk:80.6.218.103


text: User talk:128.97.82.62

title: User talk:128.97.82.62


text: User talk:69.220.124.113

title: User talk:69.220.124.113


text:
User talk:Jonhassall

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 23:24, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Jonhassall


text:
User:StephenJMuir

Muir, Stephen J

title: User:StephenJMuir


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mass Movement of the Moth

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 21:36, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Mass Movement of the Moth
NN band -- howcheng  [ talk • contribs • web ] 23:25, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete no assertation of notability. -Greg Asche (talk) 23:30, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, could have been a Speedy. --JJay 01:21, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Stark State College

Stark State College (Stark State) is a public community college in Stark County, Ohio. The college offers 230 majors, options, one-year certificates, and career enhancement certificates. Approximately 4,000 noncredit students are enrolled in continuing education and contract training activities. As of fall 2019, the enrollment was 11,833.

History
Clayton G. Horn, Samuel Krugliak, and Ralph Regula were the leading figures in the founding of Stark State College in 1960. The founding President was Fred A Yenny. The college originally was named Stark County Technical Institute and over the years, renamed Stark State Technical Institute and Stark Technical College. In 1996, the college was renamed Stark State College of Technology and, most recently, renamed as Stark State College.

The college introduced its first new logo in 57 years on January 17, 2017. Stark State called the new logo, "a contemporary image intended to resonate with prospective students, now and into the future."

Locations
The main campus of Stark State is located on 200 acre in Jackson Township near North Canton, Ohio, adjacent to the campus of Kent State University at Stark. Stark State also owns 42 acre on the corner of Frank and Mega roads, used primarily for parking. Recently the college expanded the campus by six buildings and 200000 sqft. Stark State also offers classes at satellite campuses in Akron, Barberton, and downtown Canton. From 2015 to 2021, the college also operated a satellite center in Alliance.

Stark State College Akron
Stark State College Akron was established in 2017 when SSC began offering classes at a leased facility at 755 White Pond Drive in Akron. A new $15.7 million, 68000 sqft facility opened along Perkins Street adjacent to State Route 8 in 2018, with an additional phase on the third floor completed in mid-2019. The facility, close to the main campus of the University of Akron (UA), enrolls approximately 1,800 students as of 2019. Stark State and UA established the "Direct Connect" dual admission partnership in October 2018 which allows students to enroll at Stark State to complete an associate degree with the intention of transferring to UA to complete a bachelor's degree.

Accreditation
Stark State College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. In addition, a number of its specific programs are separately accredited by organizations in their respective fields.

title: Stark State College