text:
Talk:Mikhail Tal

Playing style
"However, it has been reported that partly this style is related to an unusual rule for moving knights in that region, where they are unable to move backwards, only forwards; this forces unusual strategies on players." As far as I understand the article in reference was a joke and there is no evidence that Tal used to play by such rules. I think the sentence is misleading. (193.68.74.52 14:14, 13 June 2006 (UTC))
 * It is a joke, and I already removed it before checking this discussion page. It is unfortunate that you didn't simply remove it yourself... In the future, pls be bold. Themindset 18:16, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Picture
Someone replaces the fair-use high quality photo of Tal with a free and ugly photo of Tal's wax statue and states that "if you have a free pic you can't use a fair use pic". But I think that this is an article about Tal and not about wax work. I think that the "free pic" rationale therefore cannot be used. But I am not an expert in copyright law. What do you think about it?--Ioannes Pragensis 17:22, 18 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I for one would like to see a link to a Wiki policy supporting the replacer's contention. If any such notion exists, it would only exist there--as there would not be a "preferable to use" edict in copyright law. Epeefleche 21:08, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I reverted, on the basis that a photo of a wax dummy is not a photo of Tal at all. Plus, it is in my opinion a truly horrible photo (or rather, a photo of a horrible wax dummy). I'd rather no photo at all than the wax dummy photo. Peter Ballard 11:18, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I think the policy being refered to was Non-free content, point 1. The relevant sentence is, "Non-free content is always replaced with a freer alternative if one of acceptable quality is available.". I argue - and it seems Ioannes Pragensis agrees with me - that the wax dummy photo is not "acceptable quality" so it does not qualify. If we are not allowed to use the Tal photo due to copyright, then OK, but as I said above, I'd rather no photo at all than the wax dummy photo. Peter Ballard 13:06, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree, better no photo at all, the waxwork is not acceptable.--Ioannes Pragensis 17:34, 19 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't think the replaceability criterion applies here, because the waxwork image is not really free. A wax figure is a copyrightable work of art, so a photo of it is a derivative work.  I'll nominate the photo for deletion on Commons.  —Cel  ithemis  22:39, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

If someone's interested in adding it here, here's a photograph I took of his grave a few days ago: http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:Mikhailtalgrave.jpg —Preceding unsigned comment added by Unlikelylads (talk • contribs) 18:42, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

Have'nt you noticed that that the first photo (from Susans blog) is turned the WRONG WAY! Look at his fingers. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.69.239.72 (talk) 06:08, 19 February 2010 (UTC)
 * A white square in the lower right - the picture is OK. Bubba73 (You talkin' to me?), 06:47, 19 February 2010 (UTC)

Looking at the first picture and the one where he is in the hospital with Fischer, I believe he had a malformation in his right hand. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 187.59.171.15 (talk) 04:42, 1 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes he did - see the "health problems" section. Bubba73 You talkin' to me? 04:49, 1 October 2010 (UTC)

Out of respect for Tal, a different picture should be used that doesn't show his badly formed hand. There are many great photos of him and he was a brilliant player who deserves a better picture. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.40.89.10 (talk) 21:11, 21 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia can use a copyrighted photo only under special circumstances. And if a free one is available (no matter how bad it is), a copyrighted photo can't be used. That one is freely available so there is practically no chance of replacing it. Bubba73 You talkin' to me? 21:29, 21 April 2011 (UTC)

 * In fact, a few months ago there were some other photos of Tal that got removed for that reason. Bubba73 You talkin' to me? 23:21, 21 April 2011 (UTC)

I agree that a different picture should be located and used at the soonest opportunity, and I am certain that all lovers of Tal would agree. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.204.188.22 (talk) 12:25, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

 * No, no, please don't change the photo to hide his hand deformity. There are all kinds of people with various disabilities who grow up afraid that their disability will make life difficult for them, and there are all kinds of people who think that deformities or disabilities should be hidden away. It is very good for all of us to learn to look at a deformity without shying away from it, to think of the person who has it more than of the deformity itself, and to be straightforward about it, just as the person with the deformity must be. When God called Moses to lead his people out of Egypt, Moses was indescribably reluctant and struggled desperately to avoid the call. Almost his last excuse was to say "O my Lord, I am not eloquent, neither heretofore, nor since thou hast spoken unto thy servant: but I am slow of speech, and of a slow tongue. And the Lord said unto him, Who hath made man's mouth? or who maketh the dumb, or deaf, or the seeing, or the blind? have not I the Lord?" (Exodus chapter 4, verses 10-11.) There will be many people with disabilities who will feel greatly encouraged at the sight of this photo of a world-beating chess player with a hand deformity. Interestingly, Wikipedia > Ectrodactyly says that people with this are frequently very skilful with their hands. It's good to see a blind man can be a leading politician, like David Blunkett, or a man in a wheelchair can be the American President, like Roosevelt. UBJ 43X (talk) 01:38, 28 February 2012 (UTC)
 * :-) agree to show the deformity. It doesn't show him as a worse player and doesn't hurt the reputation of his character. Wakari07 (talk) 22:03, 9 September 2012 (UTC)

Please, remove the bad picture. Chvsanchez (talk) 04:35, 30 September 2013 (UTC)

1959 Candidates Tournament
This section says "Tal's victory was attributed to his dominance over the lower half of the field." I find this a little dubious: Tal had a minus against Keres, but scored better than Keres against everyone else, including Petrosian and Smyslov. Philcha (talk) 22:15, 1 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I didn't write that section, but I think it's correct. Look at the crosstable at http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/5860$cix.htm.  Tal was:
 * 1–3 v. Keres
 * 2–2 v. Petrosian
 * 2.5–1.5 v. Smyslov
 * 4–0 v. Fischer
 * 3½–½ v. each of Gligoric, Olafsson, and Benko
 * So against the top half of the field Tal was 5½–6½ for a narrow minus score (−1), but against the bottom half he was 14½–1½ (+13!). Keres scored 6½–4½ (+2) (oops, 6½–5½ (+1) as Peter says below) in the top half and Petrosian scored 5½–5½ (+0) (I can't add, 6–6 (+0)) in the top half. There's no shame in this.  Beating up on the bottom half of the tournament is a time-honored strategy.  It's the only reason Fischer got out of Portoroz and into this 1959 Candidates tournament.  At Portoroz although Fischer was undefeated against the Soviets (all draws), against the top 13 finishers he was only +0−2=10, but he went +6−0=2 against places 14 to 21. We need a World Chess Championship 1960 article to discuss this in detail.  There's a lot of good stuff to talk about in this championship cycle.  Quale (talk) 23:48, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I've certainly read it (in Israel Horowitz's book, and maybe others). So I'll add the Horowitz ref soon. Nevertheless the crosstable makes interesting reading. The top 4 were fairly evenly matched: it you look at the mini-tournament between the top 4, it was Keres +1, Petrosian =, Smyslov =, Tal -1. So Keres also benefited from beating up the bottom 4, scoring an impressive +8. It's just that Tal did it better, with an incredible +13. Peter Ballard (talk) 02:03, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Date of death
Hello. There is 27/06/92 as date of death All of the Wikies tell that he died on 28/06/92. Who is right? Regards pjahr (talk) 14:23, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Kasparov gives the 28th also. Not that he is necessarily right, but that is a reference.  Bubba73 (talk), 14:40, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I've ordered Life & Games of Mikhail Tal - second edition published 5 years after his death, so I hope that will serve as an authorative source. Bubba73 (talk), 05:56, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I have that book (superb, incidentally) and it gives 28th June, as does every other source I've seen. It's possible for gravestones to be wrong of course - Elvis Presley's famously misspells his middle name! Pawnkingthree (talk) 18:38, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

 * This article used to say 28th, but someone changed it to 27th based on the gravestone. I looked up all other sources I could find and they all said 28th.  I added a footnote about the 28th.  I think we need to change it to the 28th, and have the footnote explain all of the sources for the 28th but note that the gravestone says 27th.  Bubba73 (talk), 18:43, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree.Pawnkingthree (talk) 18:45, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, I got Life and Games today, and I changed it to the 28th, but mentioned the gravestone in the footnote. Bubba73 (talk), 20:28, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I think that's the right thing to do. It looks good now. Quale (talk) 20:58, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't think deadoraliveinfo.com is a reliable source, and doesn't add any authority compared to solid sources like Kasparov or a posthumous edition of his own book (which are very good sources). I propose deleting it. Peter Ballard (talk) 05:09, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

 * It seems OK to me, but I won't object to removing it if that is the consensus. What do others think? Bubba73 (talk), 05:22, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't think it's a bad source, I just think it carries no authority. It doesn't seem to be a particularly noteworthy site (it doesn't have a Wikipedia entry, for instance), and for all I know it's just run out of someone's garage using information the site author has gleaned from the internet. Given that, I don't think it helps settle question one way or the other. Peter Ballard (talk) 05:30, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Google "deadoraliveinfo" gives 19,800 hits. I've looked up several people there before and they seem reliable to me.  But I'd like to hear other opinions.  Bubba73 (talk), 05:35, 29 February 2008 (UTC)
 * First look at this article today. Surprised that this article doesn't say 27th. The grave picture seems to be substantially stronger information then the referenced material, which lets be honest wouldn't be researched in regards to this fact. Does any of the referenced material say that the gravestone is incorrect? Or gave any more information perhaps on the date? It would be quite easy on the engraving of the gravestone to amend the '7' into a '8' if it was incorrect - that leads me to believe that 27 is indeed correct and all other sources are just misquoting all it takes is a report something to the effect of "Tal died today"... only to have the statement lifted into a national paper that's published the following day and you have an error from nowhere. ChessCreator (talk) 21:06, 6 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Actually I agree with other editors who say that mistakes on gravestones are not uncommon, and I don't think that as a source it has as great a weight as the many other references that say 28. In fact all other references say 28. It's easier for me to believe that there is a mistake on the gravestone than it is to believe that every single other reference got it wrong.  It might be a good question for Edward G. Winter to research, however, since he likes stuff like this.  Quale (talk) 21:47, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

Early years
I agree with the more representational transliteration of "Koblents" (vs. "Koblencs"). His own Wikipedia entry is under Koblencs, however. Which I also agree with because it's more faithful to the original and can't we all just learn a little Hungarian for gosh sakes?? I fixed the link by directing it to Koblencs, and it's up to someone else to tackle the spelling in his entry. Eleven even (talk) 21:53, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

Misha?
I've often seen Tal referred to as "Misha". Is that a common form of Mikhail or is it specific to Tal? If the latter, it should be mentioned in the article. Bubba73 (talk), 05:32, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Misha is short for Mikhaiel Misha. Bubba73 (talk), 05:51, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

Organs quote
But his friend and fellow Soviet grandmaster Genna Sosonko reported that "in reality, all his organs had stopped functioning."[11]

The above quote is not given in the linked reference. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20061128/ai_n16873075 ChessCreator (talk) 02:48, 7 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Good catch—you're right. This needs another source or it should be removed.  The chesscafe review of the chessbase CD (the final external link) has a similar statement, but it doesn't support reporting it as a direct quote (the use of the quotation marks in the wikipedia article).  We have the unfortunate problem of "wikireality".  Since this text has been in this article for a while, there are many copies of it on other web pages and it's hard to know if any of them predate the statement in this article.  Quale (talk) 06:50, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Even more so the "drink the hotel dry" rumour, which I just deleted. Peter Ballard (talk) 03:30, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

 * No, much less so that. See the section below: it comes directly from the source ChessCreator links right above, although it wasn't cited inline. Quale (talk) 17:48, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

 * On a similar note, I'd like a source for the morphine addiction. I'm almost through with his book, and I haven't seen it in the text (and I doubt it is buried in the game annotations).  I don't really doubt it, but I think it needs a reliable source.  Bubba73 (talk), 03:32, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, the link at the top of this section does mention the morphine adiction, do you think it is a good source? Also, the article does say "three weeks before his much-abused organs packed up for good..." - it sounds to me that this could have been misinterpreted as "all of his organs shut down stopped functioning".  Bubba73 (talk), 03:39, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Right, it says that, but I didn't read it as a direct quote from Sosonko. If that's the cause of death we can say it, but it's a horrible mistake to attribute a direct quote to someone if we don't have a source—we really can't do that.  Quale (talk) 06:56, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

I'm a little suspicious of the article cited above i.e. this one. The author Dominic Lawson is a well known journalist so he qualifies as a WP:RS, but has no qualifications when it comes to chess and there are countless examples of the media making errors in chess articles. There is at least one blatant error in the article: it says chess has up to 10**128 possible positions, but the actual number is far lower (since each square has 13 possibilities, it can't be much more than 13**64 = 10**71 (roughly)) and he appears to have confused this with the number of possible chess games which can be played (see Shannon number). Given that he hasn't double-checked that detail, I think I'm entitled to be just a little skeptical of the Tal part of the article. He clearly spoke to Gennadi Sosonko, but I wonder whether some embellishment occured somewhere along the way. In other words, if the only source for claims is the Lawson article, perhaps we should tread with caution. Peter Ballard (talk) 01:46, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

Perhaps I can clear this one up. It may be that Lawson is indeed quoting Sosonko who wrote as follows: ".. on 28th of June 1992, Misha Tal died in hospital in Moscow. The official cause of death was given as haemorrhage of the oesophagus, but effectively his entire organism had ceased to function." This was been published in a book by Sosonko published by New In Chess entitled Russian Silhouettes. I believe (but may be wrong) that the articles collated into that book were previously published in the issues of the magazine/yearbook. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Akhc (talk • contribs) 20:16, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

Hastings 1973
The Hastings 1973 drinking the bar dry of brandy bit is taken directly from reference 11 (Dominic Lawson, Why artificial intelligence is never enough) although it wasn't cited inline at that point. I didn't add the sentence or the reference to the article. I have to say it sounds apocryphal to me so I don't object to its removal, but I thought it should be pointed out that it wasn't a complete fabrication by whoever put it in the article. I think the organ failure quote attributed to Sosonko is a worse problem unless it can be referenced. Quale (talk) 07:15, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Still sounds unlikely to me. It would have to be an incredibly poorly stocked bar if one person could drink it dry. In any case, we've established he was a drinker, do we really need to add this? Peter Ballard (talk) 00:35, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I think it would be sufficient without it. Bubba73 (talk), 01:12, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

About his career records
As far as I know, Tal has beaten Anatoly Karpov at least once (the famous game featuring the Rxe6! exchange sacrifice).The internet database chessgames.com shows a 2-1 record against Karpov instead of the 1-0 record mentioned here, that's in Karpov's favour.Needless to say, if one of the records provided in this entry is inaccurate, other ones might seem dubious as well.So, those of you fellows with reliable game databases: please take a look at the entire records listed here.And be carefull about this: some of these games might have been blitz or rapidplay; they don't count. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Derakht (talk • contribs) 21:37, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

lengthy quote (about his personality)
His first wife, actress and singer Salli Landau, described Tal's personality: "Misha was so ill-equipped for living... When he travelled to a tournament, he couldn't even pack his own suitcase... He didn't even know how to turn on the gas for cooking. If I had a headache, and there happened to be no one home but him, he would fall into a panic: "How do I make a hot-water bottle?" And when I got behind the wheel of a car, he would look at me as though I were a visitor from another planet. Of course, if he had made some effort, he could have learned all of this. But it was all boring to him. He just didn't need to. A lot of people have said that if Tal had looked after his health, if he hadn't led such a dissolute life... and so forth. But with people like Tal, the idea of "if only" is just absurd. He wouldn't have been Tal then.

I think he had the soul of an actor. There was a reason why he always loved appearing as master-of-ceremonies. He needed an audience. He couldn't play without one - people inspired him.

I can't imagine him without a cigarette in his mouth - he'd smoke five packs a game! He never needed a lighter - he'd finish one, and light the next one from it. Most of his illnesses were inherited. When it came time for us to marry, a doctor from the Riga Special Clinic, where Dr. Nehemiah Tal once worked, told me that I shouldn't marry a man with that kind of health. He was always ill. And in the last years of his life, all his illnesses got worse. There were three whole years in which his temperature simply never went down. I have no idea how a man playing with a constant temperature of 38-39 degrees could become World Blitz Champion in 1988! And on May 28, 1992, at the Moscow blitz tournament, he became the only player to defeat Kasparov. I'm told he even left the hospital to play. The strongest chess-player in the world still lost to a dying Tal.

He was an unusual man. I miss him terribly. Sometimes I think that Misha flew in from another planet - just to play chess, and then fly home. He was asked once how he would categorize chess - is it a sport, or an art? He was simply exasperated: how can you call chess a sport? I don't know much about it myself - but they did call Tal the Mozart of chess. And he was a genial sort in real life, too. He was kind, cheerful, and never had a bad word to say about anyone."

I removed the above quote from the article because quotes of such length are against policy. A summary of the quote can be written and placed in the article. And it might be nice to add other details about his personality that don't come from Salli Landau. Kingturtle = (talk) 13:10, 17 May 2012 (UTC)

"Every game"
"Every game, he once said, was as inimitable and invaluable as a poem." Is this a reference to every game of chess, or all of his games? Toccata quarta (talk) 07:46, 17 May 2013 (UTC)

Jewish sourcing
''Note: I have taken the liberty of cutting and pasting this discussion from Quale's talk page because I think it belongs here. MaxBrowne (talk) 00:59, 20 May 2014 (UTC)

Hello quale, firstly, sorry for my english, im not a native speaker. you reverted my edit in this article - and I don't agree with you. footnotes are not for every fact - only for statistics, controversial facts, ciation of a research, quotes etc etc. I can give you lots of links that support it -, and more and more. therefore, i've recanceld. good day, Yoav Nachtailer (talk) 16:21, 18 May 2014 (UTC)
 * I understand why you don't agree with me, but the rules on the English language Wikipedia require a citation for "any material whose verifiability has been challenged or is likely to be challenged" (WP:V). We don't have to guess whether or not the claim that Tal was from a Jewish family is likely to be challenged, because in fact it was challenged. The person who flagged it as needed a cite was challenging it.  When an editor sees a claim in an article and is uncertain whether or not it is verifiable, there are two options.  The more drastic option is to remove the claim until a source is provided.  The more gentle option is to flag the claim as needing a citation.  I think Tal did come from a Jewish family, so I believe the claim is true.  (If I thought it was false, I would remove it from the article.) It still needs a citation, and I think the editor who flagged it as needing a citation was correct.  It is rarely permissible to remove a cite needed tag from an article without providing a citation.  You have some sources that might be suitable for verification.  Quale (talk) 03:04, 19 May 2014 (UTC)
 * There's this chess column from the Montreal Gazette but can probably do better. http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19591114&id=qYotAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IZ0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=7173,2736047 MaxBrowne (talk) 04:36, 19 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Sports Illustrated, 1960: http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1071151/2/index.htm MaxBrowne (talk) 04:55, 19 May 2014 (UTC)
 * That mini-edit war was so stupid - so does this policy, which is totaly anti-acedmic. Yoav Nachtailer (talk) 08:33, 19 May 2014 (UTC)
 * In my opinion allowing maintenance tags, and especially maintenance header templates into main article space is one of the worst decisions ever made by wikipedia admins. People who look up wikipedia articles for information don't want to see that crap. It just makes an article uglier and detracts from wikipedia's credibility. Drive-by taggers (aka "curators"), deletionists and "citation needed" fascists who demand a reference for every single statement in an article are among wikipedia's most annoying editors, and I'm sure they drive away 90% of newbies. But anyway.... while it is "obvious" to you and me that Mikhail Nekhemevich Tal was Jewish, if someone asks for a source we need to provide it. MaxBrowne (talk) 11:36, 19 May 2014 (UTC)
 * well I did it, and then you canceld my edit. this is getting more and more annoying. Yoav Nachtailer (talk) 14:34, 19 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Apologies. The problem with that web page is that to a non-Hebrew speaker it's unreadable even with google translate. Google translate for some reason isn't smart enough to read that page from right to left, so the translation it gives is gibberish. (It works on some Hebrew pages but not others). Based on my knowledge of the Hebrew alphabet I recognise the names Fischer, Tal and Botvinnik in that article but I can't read the whole thing. Perhaps you could provide a translation of the relevant passage? Regards. MaxBrowne (talk) 00:59, 20 May 2014 (UTC)
 * sure. its an article about the jews in chess - why they are supposedly very good at it. then they are doing name droping of jew chess masters: Mikhail Botvinnik, Mikhail Tal, Bobby Fischer and more. off course you can change the footnote to an english article if you find any, I have no objection. Yoav Nachtailer (talk) 18:16, 20 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Don't think Fischer would like to be name checked there... but anyway we can probably source it to Sosonko's Russian Silhouettes, the relevant chapter has been posted on-line at http://www.chess.com/blog/pavanmss/my-misha---mikhail-tal (chess.com obviously don't care much about copyright). Cheers. MaxBrowne (talk) 00:05, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

Russian TV documentary
This includes interviews with Salli Landau and others. Some potentially useful material there, if anyone speaks Russian. MaxBrowne (talk) 01:23, 28 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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liquids
Why is Таль, with the palatal sign, transcribed [taɫ], with the dark l? —Tamfang (talk) 07:25, 10 April 2018 (UTC)
 * It was a mistake. Fixed. Burzuchius (talk) 18:06, 12 April 2018 (UTC)

The +, -, = thing
I don't see how (+5 -6 =10) is difficult to understand for an average reader. Anyone reading this article is probably interested in chess to some extent. The information is absorbed faster than when spelling out the numbers in letters. MaxBrowne2 (talk) 01:31, 22 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Agreed. +5 -6 =10 is customary in our sources, and so we have generally used it in Wikipedia (see for example, other chess articles such as Bobby Fischer and Magnus Carlsen).  Using the more verbose format, or any format different from what is used in the rest of Wikipedia and in sports writing other than Wikipedia, should not be done without a very good reason.  Bruce leverett (talk) 03:11, 22 December 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 04:24, 21 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Mikhailtalgrave.jpg

Photo in infobox
since this photo is allegedly from 1959, how can it be your own work? It is important that Wikipedia not use photographs unless the real copyright owner (if any) has given permission. Bruce leverett (talk) 18:31, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

 * The image is not the uploader's own work and has been tagged for deletion at Commons. Whpq (talk) 17:51, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:53, 20 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Misha. jpg.jpg

'Personality' section removed
Article shortened and made less informative, I would argue unnecessarily, with this deletion Knot Lad (talk) 12:16, 23 March 2023 (UTC)

 * It was done by this change: Bruce leverett (talk) 12:53, 23 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mikhail Tal


text:
Knowle and Dorridge Cricket Club

Knowle and Dorridge Cricket Club is an amateur cricket club in Knowle, near Solihull in Warwickshire. They play their home games at Station Road in Knowle. The club's 1st XI currently play in the Birmingham and District Premier League.

Roll of Honour

 * 1998 Division One 1st XI Runners-Up
 * 1998 Division One 2nd XI Runners-Up
 * 1999 Division One 2nd XI Champions
 * 2000 Division One 1st XI Champions
 * 2001 1st XI Challenge Cup Champions
 * 2003 Premier Division 2nd XI Runners-Up
 * 2005 1st XI Challenge Cup Champions
 * 2007 Premier Division 1st XI runners-Up
 * 2007 Graham Williamson Trophy Runners-Up
 * 2009 Premier Division 1st XI Champions
 * 2017 Premier Division 1st XI Champions

Leading run scorers (1982-2021)

 * Kevin Bray - 9008 runs (243 innings)
 * Alex Phillips - 6083 (164)
 * Sam Reddish - 4346 (176)
 * Daniel Dalton - 4259 (141)
 * Nigel Moore - 3845 (180)
 * Tom Jameson - 3227 (140)
 * Ian Maddocks - 3055 (149)

Leading wicket takers (1982-2021)

 * Kevin Bray - 393 @ 15
 * Will Mottram - 385 @ 22
 * Jamie Spires - 327 @ 21
 * Nigel Moore - 314 @ 21
 * Ben Coley - 308 @21
 * Chris Davidson - 290 @20
 * Jack Grundy - 278 @ 20
 * Tom Jameson - 236 @ 23
 * Darren Altree - 208 @ 16

International players

 * Allan Donald
 * Gladstone Small
 * David Hemp
 * Dougie Brown
 * Travis Friend
 * Jan-Berrie Burger
 * Ryan McLaren
 * George Worker
 * Ian Bell
 * Carlos Brathwaite
 * Samit Patel

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Knowle and Dorridge Cricket Club


text:
James River bateau

The James River Bateau was a shallow draft river craft used during the period from 1775 to 1840 to transport tobacco and other cargo on the James River and its tributaries in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It was flat bottomed and pointed at both ends. The length of the bateau varied greatly, 58 ft being a common length. The bateau was propelled by bateaumen pushing with long sturdy poles. Alternate spellings of bateau include batteau, batoe and the plurals bateaux, batoes, and batteaux. Bateau is the French word for boat. In the colonial days, bateaus were used extensively in rivers throughout the eastern part of the United States, but the coverage of this article is confined to those that plied the James River in the Commonwealth of Virginia.

Origin
Anthony and Benjamin Rucker were the original inventors and constructors of the James River Bateau in 1775. It was a boat essentially different from any before that time used on the rivers of Virginia. The Ruckers' design was successfully patented many years after its development. The earliest known reference to the bateau comes from Thomas Jefferson's account book, dated April 19, 1775. Jefferson had been present at the first launching, and forty-six years later he was witness to the successful patenting of the bateau by heirs of the Ruckers. George Washington also mentioned the bateau in his diary entry, dated April 7, 1791. Unfortunately, none of the original bateaus exist. Some remains were uncovered by construction workers at the site of the James River and Kanawha Canal Basin.

Tobacco hauling
The five Rucker brothers were among the tobacco planters in Amherst County, Virginia. Anthony Rucker was a tobacco inspector for the county. The need to transport large hogshead of tobacco to the port at Richmond, Virginia, likely motivated the Rucker brothers to develop the bateau. It was just wide enough to accommodate standard hogsheads (barrels) across the floor. The tobacco hogshead became standardized by the 1760s and measured 48 in long and 30 in in diameter at the head. They held about 1,000 lb of tightly packed tobacco. Larger bateaus could transport 10 or more hogsheads, depending on river conditions. Tobacco was a very profitable crop, and because of cheap slave labor vast amounts were produced by planters along the James River basin.

Upper James River transportation
The bateau became such a useful craft that it was also used for other cargo as well as passenger transportation. During the period of 1820 to 1840, at least 500 bateaus and 1,500 bateaumen operated on the James River between Lynchburg, Virginia and Richmond. Boatmen were nearly all Slave and Free African Americans. The use of the bateau sharply declined after 1840 when the James and Kanawha River Canal reached Lynchburg. The packet boat and rail took over the cargo.

Construction details
The James River bateau was designed for freight and for ease of navigation in the shallow rocky waters of the Upper James. Thomas Jefferson, in 1775, recorded the purchase of a bateau in his account book, stating, "Apr. 29. Rucker's battoe (sic) is 50. f. long. 4.f. wide in the bottom & 6.f. at top. she carries 11. hhds & draws 13½ I. water." Typical bateaus were thought to be about 58 ft long, some shorter, some longer. They had no keel to interfere with navigating river rapids and were well adapted to shallow water, having a draft of about 12 - 18 in when loaded. They measured 6 - 8 ft at the beam. The sides varied from 18 - 24 in in height. Very long planks, fastened to ribs, formed the sides and bottom. The nose cones were built and attached separately to facilitate maintenance since the ends of the bateau received abuse from the river rocks. The bateau had no rudder and was guided by long sweeps that engaged notches formed in the tip of the nose cones. The cargo versions had no seats. Passenger versions had a canopy and some had oar locks.

James River Batteau Festival
Even though the working bateau is no longer used, historians and river enthusiasts still keep the memory alive. Replicas of the bateaus have been built around the country and bateau river cruises are available in a number of states. Since 1985, the James River Batteau Festival has promoted a bateau run from Lynch's Landing in Lynchburg to Maiden's Landing in Powhatan, a distance of about 120 river miles (200 km). Seventeen batteaux crews and many canoeists participated in the 2005 festival. The number of Batteaus on the river during the festival has increased to 25 in 2009.

title: James River bateau


text:
The Road (disambiguation)

The Road is a 2006 novel by the American author Cormac McCarthy.

The Road may also refer to:

Film and television

 * The Road (1959 film), a Hong Kong film directed by Ng Wui
 * The Road (1967 film), a Taiwanese film and winner of the Golden Horse Award for Best Feature Film
 * The Road (TV play), a 1963 BBC TV play by Nigel Kneale
 * The Road (1964 TV play), an Australian remake of Kneale's play
 * The Road, a 2018 BBC radio version of Kneale's play, adapted by Toby Hadoke
 * The Road (2001 film), a Kazakh film
 * The Road (2009 film), an adaptation of the McCarthy novel, directed by John Hillcoat
 * The Road (2011 film), a Filipino film
 * The Road (2015 film), a Lebanese film
 * The Road (2023 film), an Indian Tamil-language film
 * La Strada, literally "The Road", a 1954 film by Federico Fellini

Literature

 * The Road (London book), a 1907 memoir by Jack London
 * The Road, or The Ten Commandments, a 1931 novel by Warwick Deeping
 * The Road (Anand novel), a 1961 novel by Mulk Raj Anand
 * The Road, a 1965 play by Wole Soyinka
 * The Road: Stories, Journalism, and Essays, a 1987 book by Vasily Grossman
 * The Road, a 2010 novel in the Being Human series by Simon Guerrier

Groups

 * The Road (group), a late 60s group from Buffalo, New York

Albums

 * The Road (Mike + The Mechanics album), 2011
 * The Road (Tricia Brock album), 2011
 * The Road (Aaron Lewis album), 2012
 * The Road (Unkle album), 2017
 * The Road (Super Junior album), 2022

Songs

 * "The Road" (song), a 1988 song by The Kinks
 * "The Road", a 1977 song by Jackson Browne from Running on Empty
 * "The Road", a 1980 song by Jon and Vangelis from Short Stories
 * "The Road", a 1984 song by Mark Knopfler from Cal
 * "The Road", a 1991 song by the Levellers from Levelling the Land
 * "The Road", a 2001 song by Tenacious D Tenacious D
 * "The Road", a 2004 song by Matt Costa from A Brokedown Melody
 * "The Road", a 2004 song by Superheist
 * "The Road", a 2009 song by Frank Turner from Poetry of the Deed
 * "The Road", a 2014 song by Alistair Griffin from From Nowhere
 * "The Road", a 2020 song by Faouzia

title: The Road (disambiguation)


text:
Sure Start

Sure Start (named Flying Start in Wales, Best Start in Scotland) is a UK Government area-based initiative, announced in 1998 by the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, applying primarily in England with slightly different versions in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It introduced a network of children's centres and other services to support local families with children under 5, including "health services, parenting support, early learning and childcare, and parental employment support". The initiative originated from HM Treasury, with the aim of "giving children the best possible start in life" through improvement of childcare, early education, health and family support, with an emphasis on outreach and community development.

Launched in 1998 by Tessa Jowell, Sure Start had similarities to the much older, and similarly named, Head Start programme in the United States and is also comparable to Australia Head Start and Ontario's Early Years Plan. The initiatives were subsequently bound together to form Sure Start Children's Centres, and responsibility for them was transferred to local government. Jowell subsequently commented in 2015, "I am very proud of setting up Sure Start, because the first three years of a child's life are absolutely critical in determining the chances they have subsequently."

The National Evaluation of Sure Start (NESS) project ran from 2001 until 2012. Initial research findings from NESS, published in 2005, suggested the impact of (the then termed) Sure Start Local Programmes (SSLPs) was not as great as had been hoped. However, by 2010, NESS could identify a significant impact on some of the outcomes set for Sure Start.

The Evaluation of Children's Centres in England (ECCE) project ran from 2009 until 2015. Results concerning the impact of (the subsequently termed) Sure Start Children's Centres (SSCCs) concluded that, "Children's Centres set up to support parents of young children can improve the mental health of mothers and functioning of families but that these benefits are being eroded by cuts.".

In 2019, a study conducted by the Institute for Fiscal Studies concluded that Sure Start reduced the numbers of people taken to hospital, and saved millions of pounds for the National Health Service. Gordon Brown and other senior New Labour figures called for a "new Sure Start" in 2024 after a further IFS study on the programme's educational impacts found that "children who lived within a short distance (2.5 kilometres) of a Sure Start centre for their first five years performed 0.8 grades better in their GCSEs". Then-Shadow Chancellor Rachel Reeves refused to commit to expanding Sure Start in response to the report.

Initial arrangement
Initial funding was substantial, with £540m allocated for expenditure between 1999 and 2002, £452m of it within England, to set up 250 Sure Start Local Programmes (SSLPs) reaching up to 150,000 children in areas of deprivation.

The UK Government initially pledged to fund Sure Start for 10 years, but in 2003, Chancellor Gordon Brown announced the Government's long-term plan to transfer Sure Start into the control of local government by 2005, and create a Sure Start Children's Centre in every community.

Related to the Government's goal of reducing child poverty, the initial districts for Sure Start development were selected "according to the levels of deprivation within their areas" the focus being particularly on disadvantaged areas but open to all families living in the catchment area. Such catchment areas were selected locally by the projects.

Sure Start was overseen by the Department for Children, Schools and Families and the Department for Work and Pensions. The programme has been described by Tony Blair as "one of New Labour's greatest achievements".

Each project was allowed to develop in its own way depending on the expressed wishes of parents and the guidance of the various organisations heading up each one. Policy on such matters as choosing volunteers and even the services offered were a local level decision.

"Sure Start local programmes were opened in waves, Round 1 indicates the first wave of programmes starting 1999. Round 6 represents the final wave of Sure Start local programmes mostly starting in 2003."

Move from programmes to centres

Every Child Matters proposed a switch from Sure Start Local Programmes (SSLPs) to Sure Start Children's Centres (SSCCs), which would be controlled by local authorities, and would be provided not just in the most disadvantaged areas. In the 2004 Comprehensive Spending Review, Chancellor Gordon Brown announced that the Government would provide funding for 2,500 Children's Centres by 2008. This target was later increased to 3,500 children's centres by 2010. Of the 524 original Sure Start local programmes, most are now Sure Start Children's Centres.

Some Sure Start Local Programmes have become registered Charities and Companies Limited by guarantee. Sure Start Hounslow, a programme in West London, became a company limited by guarantee in 2004 and now delivers a range of services, many through Service Level Agreement with the local authority, not all of which focus entirely on children under five. This development has been one of many routes that Sure Start Local Programmes have taken to ensure sustainability during the "tapering" of the original Sure Start Grant.

In 2005, Norman Glass, one of the original architects of Sure Start wrote an article praising the increased government focus on the early years, but criticising cuts in funding per head; the change from child development to childcare and getting mothers into work; and the shift back to local authority control, rather than being run by boards including parents.

Children's Centres are expected to provide:
 * In centres in the 30% most disadvantaged areas: integrated early learning and childcare (early years provision) for a minimum of 10 hours a day, five days a week, 48 weeks a year; and support for a childminder network
 * In centres in the 70% least disadvantaged areas, which do not elect to offer early years provision: drop-in activity sessions for children, such as stay and play sessions
 * Family Support, including support and advice on parenting, information about services available in the area and access to specialist, targeted services; and Parental Outreach
 * Child and Family Health Services, such as antenatal and postnatal support, information and guidance on breastfeeding, health and nutrition, smoking cessation support, and speech and language therapy and other specialist support
 * Links with Jobcentre Plus to encourage and support parents and carers who wish to consider training and employment
 * Quick and easy access to wider services

Under the Coalition Government (2010–2015)
Cuts in general funding from central government to local authorities in England led to fears, in 2011, that up to 250 Sure Start centres would close. The former Secretary of State for Education, Michael Gove, admitted that funding for Sure Start had not been protected, as most central funding of local authorities would no longer be ring-fenced. The decision would be left to local councils, though Children's Minister Sarah Teather said there was enough money available to maintain existing children's centres, should they wish.

A number of local councils announced cuts to their Sure Start budgets, and parents and mothers' groups protested against these cuts, taking their campaign directly to Downing Street. Many councils retreated. In February 2017, all 44 Sure Start children's centres in Oxfordshire were closed after High Court appeals against the measure failed.

Ministers said they want to refocus the scheme to help the most disadvantaged families. The government is now allowing parents to choose their own childcare provider, and to get part-funding provided via tax credits, rather than a centrally run service.

Under the Conservative Government (2015–2017)
In 2017, a Briefing Paper for Parliament summarized the changes to Sure Start that had occurred under the 2015–2017 Conservative Government. Although "The Conservative Government did not make any significant operational or legislative changes to Sure Start during the 2015-2017 Parliament", "Arguably the most significant changes related to funding". The Briefing Paper notes that in real terms, spending in 2015/16 was 47% less than in 2010/11 with budgets for 2016/17 showing a further planned reduction in spending. This Briefing Paper for MPs also reported a reduction of 208 Sure Start Children's Centre sites between 2015 and 2017.

Under the Conservative Government (2017–2019)
A report in The Guardian stated that as many 1000 centres were closed since 2010, and a study warned that "The study warns that Sure Start centres are at a "tipping point", with further drastic reductions on the way as local authority budgets continue to shrink. It says centres are struggling to "survive in an environment of declining resources and loss of strategic direction".

In 2018 a relation between the extensive closures and children starting schools with no skills was made by an article in the Independent

Under the Conservative Government (2019–)
In February 2020, the reviewed report has shown that 1300 centres have been closed during the last 10 years, meaning more than one in three Sure Start centres were axed under the Conservatives. The cuts have seen 1,292 of the family centres shut since 2010. At their peak in 2009/10, there were 3,600 centres. The austerity reduced numbers by up to 85 per cent in some areas. In Staffordshire, 46 of 54 centres shut, while Oxfordshire lost 37 of its 45 centres.

In April 2022, plans to close Sure Start centres in Northumberland to be replaced with a 'family hub' model were announced, "Northumberland currently has 12 children's centres alongside various outreach posts in more rural areas – down from an initial 26 at the height of the Sure Start programme, which began in 1998."

Effectiveness evidence
A 2007 study by researchers from the Universities of Oxford and Wales published in the British Medical Journal looking at parenting interventions within the Sure Start system in Wales examined 153 parents from socially deprived areas and showed that a course teaching improved parenting skills had great benefits in reducing problem behaviour in young children. Parents were taught to:
 * Increase positive child behaviour through praise and incentives
 * Improve parent-child interaction: relationship building
 * Set clear expectations: limit-setting and non-aversive management strategies for non-compliance
 * Apply consistent gentle consequences for problem behaviour

The study recommended that this evidence-based class be expanded from Wales to the rest of the UK, making it available for all parents who need it, stating that the Sure Start programme has not yet produced results as good as these in England.

A lack of effectiveness in England has been suggested by a University of Durham study which suggested that Sure Start was ineffective at improving results in early schooling.

A national longitudinal evaluation of Sure Start, known as NESS, was set up in 2001. Although early evaluations did not find Sure Start Local Programmes (SSLPs) to have been particularly effective, by 2008 NESS was able to conclude "For the time being, it remains plausible, even if by no means certain, that the differences in findings across the first and second phases of the NESS Impact Study reflect actual changes in the impact of SSLPs resulting from the increasing quality of service provision, greater attention to the hard-to-reach and the move to Children's Centres, as well as the greater exposure to the programme of children and families in the latest phase of the impact evaluation."

In 2010, robust research conducted by NESS demonstrated significant effects of SSLPs on eight of 21 outcomes: two positive outcomes for children (lower BMIs and better physical health), four positive outcomes for mothers and families (more stimulating and less chaotic home environments, less harsh discipline, and greater life-satisfaction)

A further publicly funded national longitudinal evaluation of Sure Start, known as ECCE, was set up in 2009. This study, different in design to NESS, ran for 6 years and by 2015 had, "identified a number of significant but relatively small positive effects in promoting better outcomes for each user group considered (child, mother, and families)" although no impact was found on household employment status (whether or not one or adults in a household works) or on children's health. However, in 2016 the British Medical Journal noted that the benefits of Sure Start to children and families were being eroded by austerity cuts and that, "disadvantaged families are at greatest risk from [these] austerity cuts".

In 2017 the evidence concerning the effectiveness of Sure Start from both the NESS and the ECCE studies was summarised by a briefing paper that was written for members of Parliament. The value-for-money analysis concluded that most services provided a net financial loss to Government, but that the overall benefits (to both individuals and the Government) were seen to provide overall value for money: "This report has shown that policies which have impacts within reasonable bounds of magnitudes on early child and family outcomes can potentially generate substantial monetary returns over and above the costs of delivering the services."

In June 2019, a study conducted by the Institute for Fiscal Studies concluded that Sure Start reduced the numbers of people taken to hospital and saved millions of pounds for the National Health Service. The study found that where Sure Start offered high levels of service in poor neighbourhoods in England, visits to hospital to treat injuries fell among all children of primary school age, and by a third of all 11-year-olds. Access to the programme cut the probability of admission to hospital in the poorest 30% of areas by 19% at the age of 11, while in the richest 30% of areas there was almost no impact. Across all areas, the programme's effect was equivalent to annually averting 5,500 hospitalisations of 11-year-olds.

Two years later, in June 2021, the cuts in early years support were also linked to children obesity, "the cuts correspond to 4575 more children with obesity or 9174 more overweight/obese children between 2010/11 and 2017/18 than would have been expected had funding levels for the centres remained the same, estimate the researchers. With deprived areas hardest hit by these cuts, the effect is likely to have widened the 'obesity gap' between the richest and the poorest children, they say."

In April 2024, an Institute for Fiscal Studies report on the educational impacts of the Sure Start programme found that "children who lived within a short distance (2.5 kilometres) of a Sure Start centre for their first five years performed 0.8 grades better in their GCSEs", with "larger impacts for those from the poorest backgrounds and those from non-white backgrounds". It further found "that for every £1 the government spent on Sure Start, there were benefits to attending children worth £1.09" in higher lifetime earnings as a result of these educational outcomes. The replacement Family Hub programme introduced in 2021 has received less funding compared to Sure Start the report found, receiving "just over £100 million per year, compared with £300 million per year in the first year of Sure Start (and £2.5 billion per year at its peak)."

title: Sure Start


text:
Talk:Mikhail Tal/to do

 * Ill-health:refusing to postpone rematch against Botvinnik
 * Notable game, with diagram

title: Talk:Mikhail Tal/to do


text:
Whitewell Road

The Whitewell Road is an interface area in north Belfast and Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, and historically the site of occasional clashes between nationalists and loyalists. The Whitewell Road and the surrounding area is a residential community in the Greencastle parish. The Whitewell area is considered a working class area. For much of its length the Whitewell Road runs parallel to the M2 and also provides a direct link between the A2 (Shore Road) and the A6 (Antrim Road).

The beginning of the White City residential estate on the upper Whitewell Road marks the boundary between the Nationalist and Loyalist communities there. A peace line runs the length of Serpentine Gardens. The road generally had a high level of community integration until 1997 when the Drumcree conflict polarised the two communities in the area and led to increased tension, violence and segregation. In 2012, as part of an effort to tackle sectarian divisions, the Catholic-run Greencastle CEP and the Protestant-run Whitecity Community Development Association merged to form the Greater Whitewell Community Surgery as single community organisation for all residents of the road and its surrounding districts.

Hazelwood Comprehensive College is located on the Whitewell Road. It is an integrated comprehensive secondary school, drawing students from various religious and community backgrounds throughout the greater Belfast area.

Half way up the road is the Throne Centre, a mixed-use business premises that has had a number of uses over the years. Taking its name from the Giant's Chair, a large stone on nearby Cavehill used as the throne of the O'Neill Clan, it was initially a private residence before becoming a hospital and convalescent home. Whilst used as a hospital Throne became noted for its pioneering work in the area of plastic surgery.

Politics
Most of the Whitewell Road lies within the Castle District Electoral Area of Belfast City Council. The current representatives are Lydia Patterson and Guy Spence of the Democratic Unionist Party, Mary Campbell and Tierna Cunningham of Sinn Féin and Pat Convery of the Social Democratic and Labour Party. The road is in Belfast North for parliamentary election and the same constituency for the Northern Ireland Assembly. The Member of Parliament (MP) is the John Finucane of Sinn Féin, and the MLAs are Paula Bradley, William Humphrey and Nelson McCausland of the DUP, Carál Ní Chuilín and Gerry Kelly of Sinn Féin and Alban Maginness of the SDLP.

title: Whitewell Road


text: User talk:84.182.250.143

title: User talk:84.182.250.143


text: User talk:61.6.163.20

title: User talk:61.6.163.20


text:
Akita Bank

The Akita Bank, Ltd. (株式会社秋田銀行) (tyo: 8343) is a Japanese regional bank headquartered in the city of Akita, Akita Prefecture. Although the bank’s core business comes from Akita prefecture, various branches are situated outside of the area. These include Koriyama, Sapporo, Morioka, Sendai, and Tokyo. The bank was noted for its initial reluctance to establish a wide ATM network, finally implementing one in January 2003.

Profile

 * Total Assets: Approximately ¥2.6 trillion
 * SWIFT Code: AKITJPJT
 * Employees: 1,554
 * Branches: 98 (83 Within Akita Prefecture)
 * President: Takao Minatoya
 * Member: Regional Banks Association of Japan

History
The forerunner of the Aomori Bank was The 48th National Bank (第四十八国立銀行), established January 20, 1879. The bank was privatized in January, 1889, becoming The 48th Bank (第四十八銀行). The former Akita branch of the First National Bank was dissolved in May 1896, becoming the Akita Bank. In March 1897, the Yuzawa Bank (湯沢銀行) was founded. These three banks merged on October 20, 1941, to form the present Akita Bank. The bank was listed on the second section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange from April 1973, and of the first section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange from April 1974. While the former mascot for the bank had been Woody Woodpecker (along with Winnie Woodpecker), the current mascot is Astro Boy.

title: Akita Bank


text:
Talk:Cloop

The disadvantages section
I removed this, because it is demonstrably false:

 * The cloop kernel module only allows one compressed image at a time to be active.

Although you are only allowed to specify one compressed image on the insmod cloop.o command line, you can use the losetup utility to activate multiple compressed images.

I'm not sure how true the remaining two entries are.

Also, is there any reason to have a "disadvantages" section but no "advantages" section? It seems kind of out-of-place. 4.255.44.24 17:17, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

New version of software and new file format?
The description on this page, information on the linked pages, and information that can be found by search the web seems to describe an old version of cloop. For example, cloop 2.04-118 that comes with OpenSuSE 10.3 behaves very different:
 * multiple images can be allowed by creating additional device nodes (mknod /dev/cloop$I b 240 $I, I=0,...,7, and losetup, see also discussion section above)
 * create_compressed_fs does not hold the compressed data in (virtual) memory if the image is a regular file. Instead, it starts outputting data immediately (tested with a 55 GB image file). This also means that the file format must have changed since the index cannot be written at the start of the output anymore (stdout is not seekable). Jowagner (talk • contribs) 17 January 2008 (UTC)

Claimed slowness as disadvantage
The article says "The design of the cloop driver requires that compressed blocks be read whole from disk. This makes cloop access very slow when there are many small scattered reads"

In my own testing, cloop has consistently *sped up* operations on small reads. I can't reproduce the above claim at all. See my detailed results on: http://www-etud.iro.umontreal.ca/~jaegerch/div/cloop_performance_tests —Preceding unsigned comment added by Pflanze2 (talk • contribs) 18:59, 14 February 2010 (UTC)

I've added more testing, with a blocksize of 256KB (4 times the default), and can see some slowdown in one case when the CPU is artificially slowed down. I think you still need a fast disk to see the slowdown at all. Anyway the section still needs some rewording and a citation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Pflanze2 (talk • contribs) 19:44, 14 February 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Cloop. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20110706211225/http://www-etud.iro.umontreal.ca/~jaegerch/div/cloop_performance_tests to http://www-etud.iro.umontreal.ca/~jaegerch/div/cloop_performance_tests

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 21:17, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cloop


text:
Fitzroy Crossing, Western Australia

Fitzroy Crossing is a small town in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, 400 km east of Broome and 300 km west of Halls Creek. It is approximately 2524 km from the state capital of Perth. It is 114 m above sea level and is situated on a low rise surrounded by the vast floodplains of the Fitzroy River and its tributary Margaret River.

At the 2016 census, the population of the Fitzroy Crossing town-site was 1,297; with a further 2,000 or so people living in up to 50 Aboriginal communities scattered throughout the Fitzroy Valley. About 80% of the Fitzroy Valley population were Indigenous Australians with a split of closer to 60/40 (indigenous/non-indigenous) in the townsite. Tourism, cattle stations and mining are the main industries in the area.

History
Fitzroy Crossing and the lands and valleys around it were the home for a number of Aboriginal language groups. When Fitzroy Crossing was established the main group was the Bunuba people, their land stretching from the present day Brooking Springs and Leopold Downs Station to the Oscar, Napier and Wunaamin-Miliwundi Ranges. The Bunuba are the river and hill people.

Another group in the area stretching on the other side of the Fitzroy River from Gogo, Fossil Downs and Louisa Downs Station and on either side of the Margaret River, is the Gooniyandi people. The plains Aboriginal people are the Nyigina and further south are the Walmajarri, the people of the Great Sandy Desert.

Other traditional owners of the area are the Njikena, Konejani and Waladjari peoples. One of the first European explorers of the Kimberley area was Alexander Forrest and his party in 1879, following the Fitzroy River to its junction with the Margaret River at Geikie Gorge. The party then travelled east as far as Darwin. Following this exploration, around 1882, the first sheep stations were established around the mouth of the Fitzroy and the next couple of years saw the stations move out west, with Noonkanbah and Quanbun opening up in 1886.

The area was finally settled in 1886 by Dan MacDonald when he set up the Fossil Downs cattle station. This was following a three-year, 3500 mi trek from Goulburn, New South Wales.

Fitzroy Crossing received its first bridge in 1935; it was built up into a more substantial structure in 1958. However this bridge could be closed for months during the monsoonal summer. In 1974 a new bridge was built 3 km south of the crossing, which moved the focus of the settlement from its original site. In January 2023, this bridge was heavily damaged and partially collapsed after record floods. It was replaced by a larger, sturdier bridge in December 2023.

The town was gazetted in 1975, but had been shown on maps since 1903.

Prone to occasional flooding, the town was inundated in 2002, 2011, and in 2023 following heavy rain events in the region.

In 2006, the Fitzroy Crossing Bull Sale, an annual national bull auction with participants from as far away as Queensland, was established.

In 2009 the only grocery store in the town was demolished after fire destroyed it. A new shopping centre was built and opened in 2011. Also in 2009, the local school was moved and renamed from Fitzroy Crossing District High School to Fitzroy Valley District High School.

The local school was closed for two days in 2014 after four children, three of whom were under the age of ten, extensively vandalised the school twice in a week, causing over A$50,000 worth of damage.

Bayulu Community is nearby 12 km southeast along Great Northern Highway on Gogo Station.

Indigenous affairs
From 1951 to 1955, S Preston Walker, a missionary with the United Aborigines Mission (UAM) on loan to the Department of Native Affairs, opened up a novel Fitzroy Crossing Feeding Depot-Mission, which was handed back to the Junjuwa Community in February 1987. He and other UAM missionaries set up a basic school, a health centre and store which was later taken over by the WA government and expanded to where it is today (2008). In February 2008, a Coronial inquest described the living conditions for Aboriginal people in the Fitzroy Crossing area as "a national disaster with no disaster response". Though the coroner noted a co-ordinated government response to the problems of Fitzroy Crossing to be lacking, local leaders have taken some action. In 2007, a restriction on alcohol sales was campaigned for by members of the Indigenous population: early indications suggest the restrictions have been positive for the town. The Rudd Federal government announced in mid-April 2008 that it supported the continuation of the alcohol ban beyond its expiry date of 23 May 2008, citing that the alcohol ban has led to:
 * a 50 per cent fall in the number of people seeking treatment at the Fitzroy Crossing Emergency Department.
 * a 27 per cent reduction in alcohol-related domestic violence, and
 * a 14 per cent increase in high school attendance.

In its 2008–09 budget, the Department of Social Services continued financial management support services for welfare payment reform to support a child protection trial in Fitzroy Crossing. Alcohol was being bought instead of educating children. This aid in managing money was intended to assist people with financial difficulties to get involved in the community and plan for the long term.

In 2012–13 and 2013–14, the Department of Social Services set up community projects in Fitzroy Crossing.

A community meeting in 2020, called by a group of senior men concerned about the high levels of alcohol abuse, associated gambling, fighting, domestic violence and family dysfunction. There was wide concern about the number of children wandering around the town at night and getting into trouble. Despite the 12-year ban on sales of full-strength alcohol, there were sales by "sly groggers" at inflated prices. Various solutions were suggested, including safe houses for children, elders becoming mentors to children, more infrastructure for youth, and opportunities to give them hope for the future.

Facilities
Fitzroy Crossing serves as the hub for the communities of the Fitzroy Valley. Many residents come into town for recreational activities, such as fishing and sports at the recreation centre, shopping (mainly for groceries), visiting family, and meetings or appointments at the hospital or other government agencies. Fitzroy Crossing is also home to many regional service providers because it is a central location to these communities.

The township of Fitzroy Crossing contains most amenities with two roadhouses, a self-serve 24-hour diesel station, supermarket, post office, newsagent, clothes shops, accommodation, mechanics, electricians, plumbers, and cafes and restaurants.

Fitzroy Crossing also has a swimming pool, covered basketball courts, a grassed Australian rules football oval, and many grassed areas around the town for public use.

Sport
The Central Kimberley Football Association is centred in the town, six clubs from local communities play in a regular season. The competition was formed in 1991.

Media
Fitzroy Crossing is home to Wangki Radio, a small Aboriginal community radio station that broadcasts on 936AM to the townsite and most outer communities in the Fitzroy Valley. Wangki Radio provides the latest news, weather, road reports and music to people in the remote parts of the Kimberley. ABC Radio also broadcasts two radio stations in Fitzroy; ABC Local Radio 106.1 and ABC Radio National 107.7. Fitzroy Crossing also receives all regional Western Australian digital television stations.

Climate
Fitzroy Crossing has a climate that is in transition between a tropical monsoon climate (Am) and a semi-arid climate (Bsh). The climate is very hot, with the average maximum temperature ranging from 30 °C in July to 41 °C in November. The highest temperature was recorded on 1 January 1969, when it reached 47.9 °C, while the lowest minimum was recorded on 27 June 1971, when the temperature dropped to 0.6 °C. Most of the rainfall occurs from December to March. April through to October are dry, but cooler.

title: Fitzroy Crossing, Western Australia


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Parole (United States immigration)

Parole, in the immigration laws of the United States, generally refers to official permission to enter and remain temporarily in the United States, under the supervision of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), without formal admission, and while remaining an applicant for admission.

Categories
Among the categories of parole are port-of-entry parole, humanitarian parole, parole-in-place, removal-related parole, and advance parole (typically requested by persons inside the United States who need to travel outside the U.S. without abandoning status, such as applicants for LPR status, holders of and applicants for TPS, and individuals with other forms of parole).

Parole has also been used systematically by some presidential administrations to bring into the United States targeted groups of foreign nationals, many instances of which can be classed as refugee-related parole programs, family reunification parole programs, and Cuban parole programs. The use of broad parole authority has been controversial and subject to limitations and modification over time.

Humanitarian
Humanitarian parole is granted only in exceptional circumstances and on a case-by-case basis at the discretion of the DHS.

Uniting for Ukraine
The Uniting for Ukraine program allows Ukrainian citizens and their immediate family members to enter the US for a period of two years if a US sponsor agrees to financially support them. It was implemented in response to the Ukrainian refugee crisis due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

Processes for Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans, and Venezuelans
Modeled after the Uniting for Ukraine program, citizens of these four Latin American countries can be paroled into the US for a period of two years if a US sponsor agrees to support them. The program allows a combined total of 30,000 people per month from the four countries to enter the US. The program was implemented in response to high numbers of people from these countries crossing into the US at the southwest border.

Cuba and Haiti
Under the Cuban Family Reunification Parole and the Haitian Family Reunification Parole Program, certain eligible U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents are eligible to apply for parole for their family members in Cuba or Haiti. If the family member is granted parole, the family member would then be allowed to enter the U.S. before their immigrant visas were available. After entering the U.S. under parole, the family member would need to wait for their immigration visa priority date to arrive before applying for lawful permanent resident status, although the family member would have the option of applying for discretionary work authorization in the meantime.

El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras
In 2014, President Barack Obama established the Central American Minors (CAM) Refugee and Parole Program to provide certain children, youth, and family members escaping violence, persecution, or other humanitarian situations in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras with an opportunity to enter the United States as refugees or parolees. In its current form, the CAM Program allows parents or legal guardians 18 years of age or older who are in the United States as lawful permanent residents, or with Temporary Protected Status, parole for more than one year, deferred action for more than one year, deferred enforced departure, withholding of removal, or with a pending asylum application or U visa petition filed prior to May 15, 2021, to apply for their children and other eligible family members to come to the United States as refugees or parolees. In order for any household member to be eligible, the "qualifying child" must be under the age of 21 at the time of application, unmarried, and a national of El Salvador, Guatemala, or Honduras and physically located in the country of origin or another of the three countries. Other eligible family members include parents of the qualifying child living in El Salvador, Guatemala, or Honduras and their other children and spouse in certain cases; primary caregivers and siblings of a qualifying child; and the unmarried child of a qualifying child under the age of 21.

After a qualifying parent or legal guardian files an application (an Affidavit of Relationship) with the U.S. Department of State Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration through a U.S. Resettlement Agency, the children and eligible family members undergo a pre-screening interview with the International Organization for Migration in the country where they are located, complete a DNA test (where applicable), and go through a refugee interview with USCIS. Applicants may not have counsel present during interviews. All applicants are initially considered for refugee status. Individuals determined to be ineligible for refugee status are automatically considered for parole on a case-by-case basis for urgent humanitarian reasons or for significant public benefit. Refugee status denials cannot be appealed, but a Request for Review is available for individuals denied refugee claims and denied parole status in some instances and must be filed within 90 days of being notified of the negative decision.

Individuals granted refugee and parole status must complete a medical exam and clear security vetting prior to traveling to the United States. Refugees must apply for legal permanent residence after one year of being in refugee status and may apply for citizenship after holding legal permanent residence status for approximately five years. If a person is approved for parole, they may lawfully enter and live temporarily in the U.S. without accruing unlawful presence for the parole period. CAM parolees are eligible to apply for work authorization and may apply for another form of immigration relief to secure a permanent status. At this time, CAM parole is issued for a three-year period and is renewable.

The CAM Program has been operational in various iterations. During the initial CAM Program, operating from 2014 to 2017, more than 12,000 individuals applied, with about 3,000 entering the United States before the Trump administration terminated it through a series of actions in 2017 and 2018. Advocates sued the Trump administration for terminating the CAM Program unlawfully in a case called S.A. v. Trump. The litigation resulted in a settlement agreement that continues to be enforced as of January 2023. Through this litigation, since 2019, over 1,600 individuals have been paroled into the United States.

The Biden administration restarted the CAM Program in two stages. Since March 2021, when it reopened the CAM Program only for some applications filed originally between 2014 and 2017 (those that had not received an interview before their case was closed), approximately several hundred CAM beneficiaries have reached the United States. Since September 2021, when the Biden administration reopened the CAM Program for new applications, an estimated several hundred new applications were filed. In the first year of accepting new applications, no case was completed and resulted in a beneficiary traveling to the United States. Since restarting the Program, it has operated at a fraction of the capacity that it did in its first years. Under Phase One, USCIS began to process new applications and reopened some cases terminated in 2018. Phase Two was announced on June 15, 2021 and the Program began accepting applications on September 14, 2021. Various obstacles have prevented many qualified individuals from applying and processing bottlenecks have constrained prompt adjudication of cases and kept most others from resettlement.

In January 2022, fifteen states, led by Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton, filed a lawsuit seeking to end the program and to block eligible children fleeing violence from obtaining a safe and legal path for protection in the United States. In May 2022, two parents actively seeking CAM protection for their children intervened in the lawsuit as defendants to present evidence of the program's impact.

Filipino World War II Veterans Parole Program
Under the Filipino World War II Veterans Parole Program, Filipino World War II veterans and their spouses who are U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents were eligible to apply for parole for certain family members. Following President Donald Trump's Executive Order 13767, which instructed the Secretary of Homeland Security to exercise its parole authority "only when an individual demonstrates urgent humanitarian reasons or a significant public benefit derived from such parole", the Filipino World War II Veterans Parole Program was ended. No new applications under the program are being accepted, although individuals already in parole status continue to maintain that status until its expiration date, they may request re-parole, and they may apply to adjust status when eligible to do so.

Start-up entrepreneurs
In 2017, DHS published a new rule, effective July 17, 2017, adding new provisions regarding the use of parole on a case-by-case basis with respect to entrepreneurs of start-up entities who demonstrate that they will provide a significant public benefit to the United States.

In May 2018, DHS published a proposed rule to remove those IEP regulations. As of February 10, 2020, USCIS had received a total of 28 IEP applications, of which 1 was approved, 22 were denied, 3 were withdrawn, and 2 were pending.

Build Back Better
A proposed provision in Joe Biden's Build Back Better proposed legislation would grant immigration parole to about eight million formerly undocumented immigrants living in the country since 2011 or earlier. The parole, which would allow immigrants to work and to freely come and go from the country, would be granted for five years and renewable for another five years up to a maximum of ten years.

Advance parole
Advance parole is permission for a non-U.S. national, who does not have a valid immigrant visa, to request re-entry to the United States after traveling abroad, and to temporarily leave the U.S. without abandoning an ongoing immigration status. Such persons include those who have applied to adjust their status to that of permanent resident or to change their non-immigrant status.

Advance parole must be approved before the applicant leaves the United States, or any residency application be denied unless exceptional circumstances are demonstrated by the alien. It is granted when immigration document Form I-512 is issued by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), which enables an alien to be paroled into the United States. It is not a U.S. visa or a re-entry permit; it is only issued to people without permanent residency.

To obtain an advance parole, an applicant must file Form I-131 ("Application for Travel Document"), with supporting documentation, photos, and fee, at a local USCIS office or the service center having jurisdiction over their place of residence.

Eligibility
Aliens in the United States need an advance parole if they have:
 * an application for adjustment of status pending.
 * been admitted as a refugee or have been granted asylum.
 * been granted benefits under the Family Unity Program.
 * been granted Temporary Protected Status (TPS).
 * an asylum application pending.
 * an emergent personal or bona fide reason to travel temporarily abroad.

Aliens holding valid K-3 or K-4 visas, as well as H-1 (temporary worker in a specialty occupation) or L-1 (intra-company transferee) visas and their dependents in H-4 or L-2 status who have filed for adjustment of status do not have to file for advance parole as long as they maintain their non-immigrant status.

Aliens in the United States are not eligible for an advance parole if they are:
 * in the United States without a valid immigration status.
 * an exchange alien subject to the foreign residence requirement.
 * the beneficiary of a private bill.
 * in removal proceedings.

Authorization card

Advance parole can come on a letter-sized piece of paper titled "Authorization for Parole of an Alien Into the United States". For applicants who apply for advance parole together with an employment authorization document (EAD), USCIS issues a "combo card", a variant of the EAD card which contains the words "SERVES AS I-512 ADVANCE PAROLE".

Re-entry into the United States
Advance parole does not guarantee re-entry into the United States. Aliens who have obtained advance parole are still subject to the inspection process of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection at the port of entry. However, aliens who would otherwise be automatically inadmissible due to a period of unlawful presence, will not be inadmissible if they have advance parole.

Path to lawful permanent residence
Originally, the 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act did not contain provisions for a parolee to apply for adjustment of status, which is ordinarily the standard process of obtaining lawful permanent residence (green card holder) status while in the United States.

In 1960, INA section 245(a) was amended to allow for the adjustment of status of an alien who had been inspected and admitted, or paroled, into the United States, subject to a number of requirements and restrictions. Among the requirements, an individual must be eligible to receive an immigrant visa, and the individual must have an immigrant visa immediately available in order to adjust status.

title: Parole (United States immigration)