text:
Flying mouse

The flying mice, also known as the pygmy scaly-tails, pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrels, or pygmy anomalures are not true mice, not true squirrels, and are not capable of true flight. These unusual rodents are essentially miniaturized versions of anomalures and are part of the same sub-Saharan African radiation of gliding mammal.

Characteristics
These animals resemble mice with gliding membranes and long, sparsely-haired tails. Their appearance is similar to some marsupial gliders. They are less than 10 cm (4 inches) in head and body length and weigh 14-35 grams (1/2 - 1.2 oz). They have a morphologically specialized tongue.

Flying mice are nocturnal and are found in the poorly explored tropical forests of central (and to a lesser extent western) Africa. Little is known of their habits as a result. It has been suggested that one or both species may live in colonies of dozens of individuals. Bats may also be found sharing these tree-hollow colonies.

Species

 * Long-eared flying mouse (Idiurus macrotis)
 * Pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrel (Idiurus zenkeri)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Flying mouse


text:
Watford (disambiguation)

Watford may refer to:

Towns

 * Watford, a town in Hertfordshire, England
 * Watford (UK Parliament constituency), a constituency serving Watford, Hertfordshire
 * Watford F.C., a football club based in Watford, Hertfordshire
 * Watford Borough Council, the local authority for the Watford non-metropolitan district
 * Watford, Northamptonshire, a village in Northamptonshire, England
 * Watford Gap, near the Northamptonshire village
 * Watford, a town in Ontario, Canada. Now merged with Warwick, Ontario
 * Watford City, North Dakota, United States

People

 * Christian Watford (born 1991), US basketball player
 * Gwen Watford (1927–1994), English actress
 * Jerry Watford (1930–1993), US football player
 * Miyah Watford (born 1998), US and Iceland football player
 * Stephen Watford (fl. 1384-1388), English politician

title: Watford (disambiguation)


text:
Bamum language

Bamum (Shü Pamom language of the Bamum, or Shümom Mum language), also known as Shupamem, Bamun, or Bamoun, is an Eastern Grassfields language of Cameroon, with approximately 420,000 speakers. The language is well known for its original script developed by King Njoya and his palace circle in the Kingdom of Bamum around 1895. Cameroonian musician Claude Ndam was a native speaker of the language and sang it in his music.

Phonology
Bamum has tone, vowel length, diphthongs and coda consonants.

Vowels
Nchare claims ten diphthongs, only eight of which (excluding and ) have a length distinction. Matateyou shows normal and long examples of all ten vowel qualities. The orthography in angle brackets was based on the General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages as used by Matateyou.

Consonants
The consonants are displayed as following:

Tones
Bamum has four or five tones. Mateteyou's analysis includes a mid tone, while Nchare's analysis includes downstep. Bamum distinguishes between lexical and grammatical tone.

title: Bamum language


text:
Euan Macleod

Euan Macleod (born 1956) is a New Zealand-born artist. Macleod was born in Christchurch, New Zealand and moved to Sydney, Australia in 1981, where he lives and works. He received a Certificate in Graphic Design from Christchurch Technical College in 1975 and a Diploma in Fine Arts (Painting) from the University of Canterbury in 1979. As well as pursuing his art he also teaches painting at the National Art School in Sydney.

Style
Macleod deals mostly with landscapes and the human presence within it. The lone, anonymous figure is a common symbol in his work that embodies both the artist's self-portrait and the "Everyman" or universal experience of emptiness, worthlessness and impotence. He has been described as both an expressionist and a symbolist and his dense, textured and sculptural use of paint has become a consistent feature of his work. Macleod is not limited when it comes to the landscapes he paints, feeling equally at home in the picturesque New Zealand countryside and the harsh and flat Australian outback and often painting a hybrid of both landscapes.

Exhibitions
Throughout his career, Macleod has exhibited frequently. In 1980 he was involved in his first exhibition Tar Paint Plastic at the Settlement Gallery, Wellington, New Zealand with artists Debra Bustin and Alison Clouston, which was hailed as an "impressive debut" by reviewer Neil Rowe. Since then he has held over 100 solo shows and been involved in over 200 group shows. He exhibits most frequently with Niagara Galleries, Melbourne; Watters Gallery, Sydney; and Bowen Galleries, Wellington. Macleod has been involved in the Melbourne Art Fair since 2004 as well as the Auckland Art Fair since 2007.

Collections
Macleod's work is featured in public and private collections across Australia and overseas. In Australia he is included in the collections of the National Gallery of Victoria, National Gallery of Australia, Heide Museum of Modern Art and Art Gallery of Western Australia as well as state, regional, university and private collections. Internationally Macleod's work is featured in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York and collections throughout New Zealand, including the Chartwell Collection, Saatchi & Saatchi and the Centre for Contemporary Art, Christchurch.

Awards
Macleod was a finalist in the Wynne Prize in 1998 with a 3m wide work "Seascape through Figures" then again in 1999 and 2003 and won the Archibald Prize in 1999, with his painting titled Self portrait/head like a hole. He was a finalist in the Sulman Prize in 1996, 1998, 1999 and 2000, before winning the prize in 2001, with the painting titled Exquisite Corpse with Fire. Macleod won the Blake Prize for Religious Art in 2006 and the Gallipoli Art Prize in 2009. He was the Archibald Prize finalist in 2018, 2019 and 2021. In 2021 he won the Dobell Drawing Prize with a pastel-on-paper work entitled Borderlands.

title: Euan Macleod


text:
Devon Smith

Devon Sheldon Smith (born 21 October 1981 in Hermitage, Saint Patrick Parish, Grenada) is a former cricketer who featured as an opening or top order left-handed batsman. He played for the West Indies and for the Windward Islands in regional tournaments. Smith is also, with a sum of 11,321 runs, the highest runscorer in the history of West Indian first class cricket competitions.

Domestic cricket
He made his first-class debut in January 1999, opening the batting for the Windward Islands in a Regional Four Day Competition match, he made low scores of 12 and 4 in a heavy defeat to Barbados. His first half-century was brought up in his third match of the season, scoring 79 in the first innings against the Leeward Islands. This was the only time he passed 50 runs in his debut season, finishing with a batting average of 18.44 from nine innings. Despite such, he was picked to play for the West Indies A team against South Africa A in September 2000, making scores of 14 and 23 in a drawn match. Smith was later part of the Windward Islands team that won the 2000-01 Red Stripe Bowl, the side's first senior regional championship since 1989.

The 2001–02 marked a significant improvement in Smith's form, he made 841 first-class runs at an average of 64.69 and scored his first century. A successful tour of England with the West Indies A team followed, yielding 465 runs at an average of 46.50. In June 2005 Smith was named the 2004 First-Class Cricketer of the year at the WIPA awards. Since he compiled 842 runs, with four centuries, in eight matches at an average of 76.54 during the prior first class season.

During the 2012-13 Super 50 final Smith put on a 100 run opening partnership with Johnson Charles and eventually scored a match-winning 67 as the Windwards prevailed by 9 wickets over the Combined Campuses and Colleges. He was adjudged as the final's man of the match alongside allrounder Kenroy Peters. Smith was also the tournament's leading runscorer, notching 348 runs in eight matches at an average of 58.

Smith was part of the Windwards side which defeated Barbados to triumphantly claim the 2017-18 Super50 title. In June 2018, he was named the Best Regional Four-Day Cricketer of the Year at the annual Cricket West Indies' Awards. Smith then copped the Sir Viv Richards award as the leading run-scorer in the 2018–19 Regional Four Day Competition, with 745 runs in nine matches at an average of 43.82. In October 2019, he was named in the Windward Islands' squad for the 2019–20 Regional Super50 tournament.

International cricket
Smith made the step up to international cricket when he was selected in the West Indies squad to face Australia in their 2003 tour. He made his Test debut in the first match of a four-Test series at Bourda, a score of 3 in the first innings was followed by 62 in the second, in a match that Australia went on to win by 9 wickets. Despite scoring a pair in the second Test, Smith retained his place for the rest of the series, making another half-century in the third Test. Smith also made his ODI debut on the same tour, he played the first three matches of the seven-ODI series, making a highest score of 26.

After being dropped from the West Indies team for their 2003–04 tours of Zimbabwe and South Africa, Smith regained his place for England's tour following an impressive domestic season, where he was the leading batsman in the Regional Four Day Competition, scoring 842 runs at an average of 76.54. His good form continued into the first Test of the series, where he made 108, described as a "gritty effort laced with occasional panache", his first Test century. Smith was unable to play in the final two matches of the four-Test series after fracturing his thumb while practising in the nets.

From May 2004 to June 2005 Smith played six Test matches, failing to reach a half-century in that time. During the 2004 tour of England he played three ODIs in the NatWest Series, where he made a highest score of 44, it was his last appearance for the ODI team until January 2007. Smith made a slight return to form in November 2005 against Australia in Brisbane. In a heavy defeat he was the only West Indies player to score a half century, making 88 in the first innings. Despite this Smith did not perform well in the rest of the series and again lost his place in the side.

Return to the side
Smith made his return to international cricket in January 2007 for the West Indies's tour of India, he played in three matches of the four-ODI series, making a highest score of 33. He retained his place in the side for the 2007 Cricket World Cup, he did not feature in the early stages of the tournament, but he played three matches in the Super Eight stage. He averaged 33.00 from his three innings, including a highest score of 61. Smith played no further part in the tournament as the West Indies were unable to advance to the semi-finals. In June 2007 Smith made his Twenty20 International debut, striking three sixes in an innings of 61. Later in the year he played both of the West Indies's two matches in the World Twenty20, making scores of 35 and 51. During the 2007 ICC World T20, he along with Chris Gayle also set the record for the highest ever opening partnership in the history of the tournament. His return to the Test side also came in 2007, he played in all four Tests of the series in England. It was a disappointing series from Smith who averaged 21.28 with a highest score of 42. This was followed by an even worse ODI series in Zimbabwe, where in four innings he only managed a highest score of 5. An improvement came on the tour to South Africa, he hit three sixes in scoring 91.

After playing in the Test series against Sri Lanka and Australia, where he made a highest score of 48 from eight innings, he was dropped from the side for the tour to New Zealand. However, following a career best performance for the Windward Islands, scoring 212 runs against Guyana, he was rewarded with a recall to the side for the home series against England. He played in all five Tests of the series and finished with an average of 27.50 with a highest score of 55, his only half-century. He also played both matches of the following Test series, again against England. Although he failed to reach a half-century in his four innings, his average of 26.25 was the third highest for the West Indies. The second Test against England was the last Test Smith played in 2009, however he featured in the home ODI series against Bangladesh, where he made a highest score of 65. He was playing with an under-strength West Indies team because of the West Indies Players' Association strike. He played only one international match in 2010, scoring 55 in a drawn Test against Sri Lanka. Despite not playing in an ODI since September 2009, Smith was included in the West Indies squad for the 2011 Cricket World Cup. He finished the tournament as the highest run-scorer for the West Indies; 300 runs at an average of 42.85 and a top score of 107, his maiden ODI century.

Following the World Cup, Smith was selected for the ODI and Test squads for Pakistan's tour. After disappointing Test and ODI series where, troubled by the spin bowling attack of Pakistan, Smith managed only 47 runs from five innings, he was dropped from the side.

Smith was recalled to the West Indies team for the tour of South Africa on 1 December 2014 to replace an injured Chris Gayle.

Accolades
On 28 February 2019 the players pavilion at the Grenada National Cricket Stadium was renamed in Smith's honour.

title: Devon Smith


text: User talk:71.33.39.28

title: User talk:71.33.39.28


text:
Talk:Stiffness

Suggestion about definition
It is recommended that more general expression of stiffness should be described as that the stiffness of an object at a certain moment and under some certain conditions is equal to partial load over partial deformation if any nonlinearity is taken account for (Gere and Timoshenko, 1997).

Gere, J. M. and Timoshenko, S. P. 1997. Mechanics of materials. 4th ed. Boston: PWS Publishing.

--- Kingchara (talk) 15:53, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

Further, in the Youngs modulus article there is this sentence: Do not confuse rigidity and stiffness: the beam stiffness (for example) depends on its Young's modulus but also on the ratio of its section to its length. The rigidity characterises the materials (it is an intensive property) while the stiffness regards products and constructions (it is an extensive property): a massive mechanical plastic part can be much stiffer than a steel spring;"Testem (talk) 08:12, 27 April 2015 (UTC)

From rigidity
I recently cleaned up the rigidity article. It had a short blurb describing rigidity in solid mechanics and then referenced this article. Below is the blurb and now it links to this article. I wasn't sure if any of this could be incorporated.

In solid mechanics, "rigidity" refers to the degree of deforming ability of a solid material. Modulus of elasticity with moment of inertia (E·I) is the numeric value of rigidity. According to this expression, one can see only two criteria affect deformation, which are geometry and the material of an object. Rigidity is also known as the material property of shear modulus which is a measure of force per unit area needed to change the shape of a material.

Wizard191 (talk) 14:05, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

There should be a link to the article of second moment of area. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_moment_of_inertia And elastic modulus. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young's_modulus Euler Bernoulli beam theory http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_theory — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:708:30:1220:B499:630A:7A67:ABF1 (talk) 10:32, 17 November 2012 (UTC)

Stiffness equation
Isn't stiffness the derivative of the force with respect to the direction of the displacement? I find the F/displacement equation confusing. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.165.115.237 (talk) 10:03, 11 January 2012 (UTC)

Inconsistancy
The article as currently written seems to give conflicting definitions for stiffness:

 * 1) Stiffness or flexibility is the pliability or rigidity of an object — the extent to which it resists bending.

 * 1) For an elastic body with a single Degree of Freedom (for example, stretching or compression of a rod), the stiffness is defined as k = F/δ where F is the force applied on the body, and δ is the displacement produced by the force along the same degree of freedom (for instance, the change in length of a stretched spring).

So, is it bending or change in length? -AndrewDressel (talk) 21:01, 28 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Per a reliable reference, it is simply deformation. I've added the reference and adjusted the text accordingly. -AndrewDressel (talk) 14:26, 4 April 2012 (UTC)

torsional stiffness
I removed a factor of 4 from the stiffness equation. i suspect the original author was applying a torque Mx to the MID POINT OF THE length axis X OF A BEAM ENCASTRE at both ends. Unless that is explicitly stated then it is not obvious, and is not the usual form of the shaft stiffness equation. sorry about the caps. Also this article perpetuated the myth that the torsional constant is the second moment of area. It is but only for a few shapes. Greglocock (talk) 08:35, 3 January 2015 (UTC)

Definition is over-specific
I think the term stiffness is the quotient of action over effect.

In the special case of mechano-elasticity, we consider the action as the force and the effect as deformation.

In the special case of numerical compution-expense, we consider the action as the computation effort and the effect as computation progress.

In the special case of ... 2A02:908:1650:6DA0:45AC:2589:C9EF:60BB (talk) 15:26, 31 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Or even more elegant: The quantity stiffness describes the reluctance of an achievement to develop under an effort purposed at yielding it. 2A02:908:1650:6DA0:45AC:2589:C9EF:60BB (talk) 15:28, 31 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stiffness


text:
Pioneer P-1

Pioneer P-1 was a failed mission in the Pioneer program. The spacecraft was a 1-meter diameter sphere with a propulsion module, and was to carry a TV camera and magnetic field sensor. It was to be spin-stabilized and was known as a 'paddlewheel' spacecraft.

The spacecraft was intended for launch on an Atlas C-Able rocket, but this vehicle was destroyed on 24 September 1959 in an explosion on its launch pad during a pre-launch static firing. The P-1 spacecraft and an Able IV space engine were not present on the launch vehicle when it exploded, and were later used on the Pioneer P-3 mission.

title: Pioneer P-1


text:
Bonfire (disambiguation)

A bonfire is a large, controlled outdoor fire. It may also refer to:

Music

 * Bonfire (band), a German heavy metal band
 * Bonfire (album), a 5 disc box set by the Australian band AC/DC
 * "Bonfire" (Childish Gambino song), 2011
 * "Bonfire" (Craig Morgan song), 2009
 * "Bonfire" (Felix Jaehn song), 2016
 * "Bonfire", a song by The Hunna
 * "Bonfire", a song by Knife Party from Rage Valley
 * "Bonfire", a song by Third Eye Blind from Ursa Major

Video games

 * Bonfire Studios, a video game company in Dallas, Texas
 * Bonfire (Dark Souls), a type of checkpoint in the Dark Souls series

Other

 * Bonfire Snowboarding, a manufacturer of snowboarding outerwear
 * Aggie Bonfire, a tradition at Texas A&M University
 * Bonfire (horse), a prizewinning dressage horse ridden by the Dutch equestrian Anky van Grunsven

title: Bonfire (disambiguation)


text: User talk:203.25.120.10

title: User talk:203.25.120.10


text: User talk:82.181.82.124

title: User talk:82.181.82.124


text: Talk:Pursued

title: Talk:Pursued


text:
Allogromiida

The Allogromiida is an order of single-chambered, mostly organic-walled foraminiferans, including some that produce agglutinated tests (Lagynacea). Genetic studies indicate that some foraminiferans with agglutinated tests, previously included in the Textulariida or as their own order Astrorhizida, may also belong here. Allogromiids produce relatively simple tests, usually with a single chamber, similar to those of other protists such as Gromia. They are found as both marine and freshwater forms, and are the oldest forms known from the fossil record.

Genus

 * Allogromia

title: Allogromiida


text: User talk:66.52.52.144

title: User talk:66.52.52.144


text:
Foam rubber

Foam rubber (also known as cellular rubber, sponge rubber, or expanded rubber) refers to rubber that has been manufactured with a foaming agent to create an air-filled matrix structure. Commercial foam rubbers are generally made of synthetic rubber, natural latex or polyurethane. Latex foam rubber, used in mattresses, is well known for its endurance. Polyurethane is a thermosetting polymer that comes from combination of Methyl di-isocyanate and polyethylene and some other chemical additives.

Manufacturing history
Foam rubber was first produced in 1929 by Dunlop Rubber researcher chemists E. A. Murphy and Eric Owen using whipped latex. In 1937 isocyanate based materials were first used for the formation of foam rubbers, after World War II styrene-butadiene rubber replaced many natural types of foam. Foam rubbers have been used commercially for a wide range of applications since around the 1940s.

Polyether polyurethane rubber was discovered and patented in the 1950s by Charles C. Price. Currently, polyurethane-based foams make up over 90%, by weight, of the entire market for polyurethanes. The largest amount of polyurethane is used by these industries: construction, transportation, home furniture, noise and vibration reduction, and carpet. Construction uses 27% of polyurethane, and transportation uses 21%. Flexible foam is the leading material usage at 44% total volume, and rigid foam material at 28% of the United States market.

Manufacturing process
Rates of polymerization can range from many minutes to just a few seconds. Fast reacting polymers feature short cycle periods and require the use of machinery to thoroughly mix the reacting agents. Slow polymers may be mixed by hand, but require long periods on mixing, as a result industrial application tends to use machinery to mix products. Product processing can range from a variety of techniques including, but not limited to spraying, open pouring, and molding.
 * Material preparation Liquid and solid material generally arrive on location via rail or truck, once unloaded liquid materials are stored in heated tanks. When producing slabstock typically two or more polymers streams are used.
 * Mixing Open pouring, better known as continuous dispensing is used primarily in the formation of rigid, low density foams. Specific amounts of chemicals are mixed into a mixing head, much like an industrial blender. The foam is poured onto a conveyor belt, where it then cures for cutting.
 * Curing and cutting After curing on the conveyor belt the foam is then forced through a horizontal band saw. This band saw cuts the pieces in a set size for the application. General contracting uses 4’x12’x2’’.
 * Further processing Once cut and cured the slabstock can either be sold or a lamination process can be applied. This process turns the slabstock into a rigid foam board known as boardstock. Boardstock is used for metal roof insulation, oven insulation, and many other durable goods.

Physical properties
The main physical properties of foam rubber are generalized as being “Lightweight, buoyant, cushioning performance, thermal and acoustic insulation, impact damping and cost reduction”. Crosslinking technology is used in the formation of EVA based foams, including LLDPE, LDPE, HDPE, PP, and TPE. Crosslinking is the most important characteristic in the production of foam rubber to obtain the best possible foam expansion and physical properties. Crosslinking is defined as chemical bonding between polymer chains, and is used for foam rubber manufacturing to stabilize bubble expansion, enhanced resistance to thermal collapse and improve physical properties.

Recycling
Due to the variety in polyurethane chemistries, it is difficult to recycle foam materials using a single method. Reusing slab stock foams for carpet backing is how the majority of recycling is done. This method involves shredding the scrap and bonding the small flakes together to form sheets. Other methods involve breaking the foam down into granules and dispersing them into a polyol blend to be molded into the same part as the original. The recycling process is still ever developing for foam rubber and the future will hopefully unveil new and easier ways for recycling.

title: Foam rubber


text:
Tree squirrel

Tree squirrels are the members of the squirrel family (Sciuridae) commonly just referred to as "squirrels". They include more than 100 arboreal species native to all continents except Antarctica and Oceania.

They do not form a single natural, or monophyletic, group; they are variously related to others in the squirrel family, including ground squirrels, flying squirrels, marmots, and chipmunks. The defining characteristic used to determine which species of Sciuridae are tree squirrels is dependent on their habitat rather than their physiology. Tree squirrels live mostly among trees, as opposed to those that live in burrows in the ground or among rocks. An exception is the flying squirrel that also makes its home in trees, but has a physiological distinction separating it from its tree squirrel cousins: special flaps of skin called patagia, acting as glider wings, which allow gliding flight.

The best-known genus of tree squirrels is Sciurus, which includes the eastern gray squirrel of North America (introduced to Great Britain in the 1870s), the red squirrel of Eurasia, and the North American fox squirrel, among many others. Many tree squirrel species have adapted to human-altered environments such as rural farms, suburban backyards and urban parks.

Classification
Current taxonomy, based on genetic data, splits the tree squirrels into several subfamilies. The following genera of the squirrel family are classified as tree squirrels.

 * Subfamily Ratufinae
 * Genus Ratufa (Asian giant squirrels)
 * Subfamily Sciurillinae
 * Genus Sciurillus (South American pygmy squirrel)
 * Subfamily Sciurinae
 * Tribe Sciurini (mostly American tree squirrels)
 * Genus Microsciurus (American dwarf squirrels)
 * Genus Rheithrosciurus (Borneo tufted ground squirrel)
 * Genus Sciurus (Eurasian and American tree squirrels)
 * Genus Syntheosciurus (Central American mountain squirrel)
 * Genus Tamiasciurus (American pine squirrels)
 * Subfamily Callosciurinae (Asian tree squirrels)
 * Genus Callosciurus (Oriental tree squirrels, introduced into Europe and South America)
 * Genus Exilisciurus (Asian pygmy squirrels)
 * Genus Funambulus (Asian palm squirrels, introduced into Australia in the 1920s)
 * Genus Glyphotes (sculptor squirrel)
 * Genus Nannosciurus (Asian dwarf squirrel)
 * Genus Prosciurillus (Sulawesi dwarf squirrels)
 * Genus Rubrisciurus (Sulawesi giant squirrel)
 * Genus Sundasciurus (Sunda squirrels)
 * Genus Tamiops (Asian striped squirrels)
 * Subfamily Xerinae
 * Tribe Protoxerini (African tree squirrels)
 * Genus Epixerus (African palm squirrels)
 * Genus Funisciurus (rope squirrels)
 * Genus Heliosciurus (sun squirrels)
 * Genus Myosciurus (African pygmy squirrel)
 * Genus Paraxerus (bush squirrels)
 * Genus Protoxerus (African giant squirrels)

Relationship with humans
Squirrels are generally inquisitive and persistent animals. In residential neighborhoods, they are notorious for tenaciously trying to circumvent obstacles in order to eat from bird feeders. Although they are expert climbers, and primarily arboreal, some species of squirrels also thrive in urban environments, where they have adapted to humans.

As pets
Squirrels have been kept as pets in Western society at least until the 19th century. Because of their small size and tame nature, they were especially popular with women and the clergy.

As pests
Squirrels are sometimes considered pests because of their propensity to chew on various edible and inedible objects, and their stubborn persistence in trying to get what they want. Their characteristic gnawing trait also aids in maintaining sharp teeth, and because their teeth grow continuously, prevents their over-growth. On occasion, squirrels will chew through plastic and even metal to get to the food.

Tree squirrels may bury food in the ground for later retrieval. Squirrels use their keen sense of smell to search for buried food, but can dig numerous holes in the process. This may become an annoyance to gardeners with strict landscape requirements, especially when the garden contains edibles.

Homeowners in areas with a heavy squirrel population must be vigilant in keeping attics, basements, and sheds carefully sealed to prevent property damage caused by nesting squirrels. A squirrel nest is called a "drey".

Squirrels are a serious fire hazard when they break into buildings. They often treat exposed power cables as tree branches, and gnaw on the electrical insulation. The resulting exposed conductors can short out, causing a fire. For this reason alone, squirrel nests inside buildings cannot be safely ignored. A squirrel nest will also cause problems with noise, excreta, unpleasant odors, and eventual structural damage.

Some homeowners resort to more interesting ways of dealing with this problem, such as collecting and placing fur from pets such as domestic cats and dogs in attics. It is hoped that this fur would indicate to nesting squirrels that a potential predator roams, and will encourage evacuation. Odoriferous repellents, including mothballs and ammonia, are generally ineffective in expelling squirrels from buildings.

Once established in a nest, squirrels ignore fake owls and scarecrows, along with bright flashing lights, loud noises, and ultrasonic or electromagnetic devices. However, squirrels must leave the nest to obtain food and water (usually daily, except in bad weather), affording an opportunity to trap them or exclude them from re-entering.

To discourage chewing on an object, it can be coated or covered with something to make it distasteful: for instance a soft cloth doused with chili pepper paste or powder. Capsaicin and Ro-pel are other forms of repellent. To remain effective, the coating must be reapplied regularly, especially if it is exposed to the weather. Poisoning squirrels can be problematic because of the risks to other animals or children in the building, and because the odor of a dead squirrel in an attic or wall cavity is very unpleasant and persistent.

Trapping is often used to remove squirrels from residential structures. Effective baits include fruit, peanut butter, nuts, seeds and vanilla extract.

An alternative method is to wait until squirrels have left in search of food, and then close up all their access openings, or to install one-way trap doors or a carefully angled pipe. Attempting to get rid of all squirrels in a neighborhood is generally a futile goal; the focus instead should be on physically excluding them from places where they can do damage. There are other humane techniques to remove squirrels from buildings, but removal is ineffective unless steps are taken to prevent them from immediately breaking in again.

Squirrels are often the cause of power outages. They can readily climb a power pole and crawl or run along a power cable. The animals will climb onto power transformers or capacitors looking for food, or a place to cache acorns. If they touch a high voltage conductor and a grounded portion of the enclosure at the same time, they are electrocuted, and often cause a short circuit that shuts down equipment. Squirrels have brought down the high-tech NASDAQ stock market twice and were responsible for a spate of power outages at the University of Alabama. To sharpen their teeth, squirrels will often chew on tree branches or even the occasional live power line. Rubber or plastic plates, or freely rotating sleeves ("squirrel guards") are sometimes used to discourage access to these facilities.

Squirrels otherwise appear to be safe and pose almost zero risk of transmitting rabies.

Squirrels cause economic losses to homeowners, nut growers, and forest managers in addition to damage to electric transmission lines. These losses include direct damage to property, repairs, lost revenue and public relations. While dollar costs of these losses are sometimes calculated for isolated incidents, there is no tracking system to determine the total extent of the losses.

As roadkill and traffic hazards
In regions where squirrels are plentiful, tire-flattened roadkill is a common sight on roadways, especially in the spring and fall, when there is a fresh crop of young rodents. Motorists have caused serious accidents by attempting to swerve or stop to avoid a squirrel in the road. Evasive maneuvers are difficult since squirrels are much more agile and have much quicker reaction times than motorists in heavy vehicles; the majority of vehicular encounters end with no harm to either party.

An effort to mitigate these hazards to both squirrels and humans is the Nutty Narrows Bridge in Longview, Washington, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It provides a way for squirrels to cross a busy street safely.

As urban wildlife
Tree squirrels are a common type of urban wildlife. They can be trained to be hand-fed, and will take as much food as is available because they cache the surplus. Squirrels living in parks and campuses in cities have learned that humans are typically a ready source of food, either deliberately or from careless disposal of surplus. Some people do "squirrel fishing" as a way of simultaneously playing with and feeding squirrels.

Humans commonly offer various nuts and seeds; however, wildlife rehabilitators in the field have noted that neither raw nor roasted peanuts nor sunflower seeds are healthy for squirrels, because they are deficient in several essential nutrients. This type of deficiency has been found to cause metabolic bone disease, a somewhat common ailment found in malnourished squirrels.

As game
Squirrels are sometimes hunted as game animals, whether for their fur or as food. In the Middle Ages the red squirrel was hunted for its blue-gray winter coat, traditionally called vair, which now lends its name to a heraldic fur. The hairs from squirrel tails are prized in fly fishing when tying fishing flies.

In the US
In many areas of the US, squirrels are still hunted for food, as they were historically. Recipes calling for squirrel even appear in cookbooks, including James Beard's American Cookery and pre-1997 copies of The Joy of Cooking. Squirrel meat can be substituted for rabbit or chicken in many recipes and was an ingredient in the original recipe for Brunswick stew, a popular dish in various parts of the Southern US. Other similar stews were also based on squirrel meat, including burgoo and Southern Illinois chowder.

Although squirrel meat is low in fat content, unlike most game meat it has been found by the American Heart Association to be high in cholesterol.

Squirrels Unlimited host a World Championship Squirrel cook-off each year in Bentonville, Arkansas.

In the UK
For most of the history of the United Kingdom, squirrel has been a meat not commonly eaten, and even scorned by many. In the early 21st century however, the wild squirrel has become a more popular meat to cook with, showing up in restaurants and shops more often in Britain as a fashionable alternative meat. Specifically, Britons are cooking with the invasive gray squirrel, which is praised for its low fat content and the fact that it comes from free range sources. Additionally, the novelty of a meat considered unusual or special has contributed to the spread of squirrel consumption. Due to the difficulty of a clean kill and other factors, the majority of squirrel eaten in the UK is acquired from professional hunters, trappers and gamekeepers.

Some Britons are eating gray squirrel as a direct attempt to help the native red squirrel, which has been dwindling since the 19th-century introduction of the gray squirrel, resulting in dramatic habitat loss for the indigenous red squirrels. This factor was marketed by a national "Save Our Squirrels" campaign that used the slogan, "Save a red, eat a grey!"

Risks of eating
As with other wild game and fish species, the consumption of squirrels that have been exposed to high levels of pollution or toxic waste poses a health risk to humans. In 2007 in the northern New Jersey community of Ringwood, the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services issued a warning to anyone who eats squirrel (especially children and those who are pregnant) to limit their consumption after a lead-contaminated squirrel was found near the Ringwood Mines Landfill. Toxic waste had been illegally dumped at this location for many years, before authorities cracked down on this practice in the 1980s.

In 1997, doctors in Kentucky published a paper in the Lancet that considered a possible association between the local tradition of consuming squirrel brains and five cases of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, a rare but serious prion-based disorder. The authors posed this as a mere possibility, unconfirmed by either post-mortem analysis of the patients' brain tissue, or identification of a contagious prion agent in squirrels. Nonetheless, the Lancet article generated substantial media coverage, including articles in the New Yorker and New York Times. A 2015 case of CJD in a Pittsburgh man who had eaten squirrel brains played out similarly: the media seized on the patient's unconventional food choice, positing squirrel brains as the source of his disease. The doctor who made the initial report later clarified that he had not meant to assert the squirrel meat was the cause. Analysis of the patient's brain tissue ruled out the possibility of CJD acquired from food. As of 2018, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease had never been identified in squirrels, and the association between squirrel consumption and CJD remained speculative.

Relationship with trees
The biggest source of food for tree squirrels is tree nuts. Red squirrels store nuts in a single stash (a midden) that tends to dry out, so the seeds don't take root. Fox squirrels and gray squirrels bury nuts over a widespread area (scatterhoarding), and often forget them, resulting in new trees (mutualism).

In culture

In the Ramayana, an ancient Sanskrit epic poem, a squirrel assists in constructing a bridge from India to Sri Lanka to help Rama rescue his wife Sita. Rama rewards the squirrel by stroking his back with his three middle fingers, thus giving the Indian palm squirrel the three white stripes that appear on its back. In Norse mythology, the squirrel Ratatoskr is a messenger who scurries up and down the trunk of the world-tree Yggdrasil, carrying malicious gossip and insults back and forth between the dragon Níðhöggr, who sits at the bottom of the tree gnawing on its roots, and the hawk Veðrfölnir, who sits at the top of the tree keeping watch. According to Richard W. Thorington, Jr. and Katie E. Ferrell, this legend may have originated from the red squirrel's habit of giving a "scolding alarm call in response to danger", which some Norsemen may have imagined as insults.

In Irish mythology, the goddess Medb is said to always have a bird perched on one shoulder and a squirrel on the other, serving as her messengers to the sky and the earth respectively. In Europe during the Middle Ages, squirrels were sometimes used in bestiaries as symbols of greed and avarice on account of their storing of nuts, but, in the nineteenth century, British natural history books often praised them as thrifty for this same reason. A myth told by the Ainu people of Japan holds that squirrels are the discarded sandals of the ancestral deity Aioina, possibly because squirrels move in spurts like footsteps. The Kalevala, a Finnish epic poem collected in the nineteenth century but rooted in much older oral tradition, contains references to squirrels, including mention of a white squirrel being born of a virgin.

Literary references to squirrels include the works of Beatrix Potter, Brian Jacques' Redwall series (including Jess Squirrel and numerous other squirrels), Pattertwig in C. S. Lewis' Prince Caspian, Michael Tod's Woodstock Saga of novels featuring squirrel communities in the style of Watership Down, and the Starwife and her subjects from Robin Jarvis's Deptford novels. The title character in Miriam Young's 1964 children's book Miss Suzy is a squirrel.

Anthropomorphic red squirrels were used in British road safety campaigns between the 1950s and 1980s.

An episode of the radio program This American Life called "Squirrel Cop" describes the unintentionally humorous misadventure of a newly hired policeman in trying to remove a frantic squirrel from a homeowner's living room, which results in personal injury and a small fire. First aired in 1998, this episode turned out to be one of the most popular ones of the series, prompting rebroadcasts and a lead position on the two-CD compilation Crimebusters + Crossed Wires: Stories from This American Life.

Albino and white squirrels
One of the ways that squirrels affect human society is inspired by the fascination that people seem to have over local populations of white squirrels (often misidentified as being albino). This manifests itself by the creation of social group communities that form from a commonly shared interest in these rare animals. Other impacts on human society inspired by white squirrels include the creation of organizations that seek to protect them from human predation, and the use of the white squirrel image as a cultural icon.

Although these squirrels are commonly referred to as "albinos", most of them are likely non-albino squirrels that exhibit a rare white fur coloration known as leucism that is as a result of a recessive gene found within certain eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) populations, and so technically they ought to be referred to as white squirrels, instead of albino.

A project run by Untamed Science is seeking to report and document the occurrence of both white squirrels, albinos, and other piebald morphs. Users are encouraged to submit their sightings.

Local pride
Olney, Illinois, known as the "White Squirrel Capital of the World", is home of the world's largest known white squirrel colony. These squirrels have the right of way on all streets in the town, with a $500 fine for hitting one. The Olney Police Department features the image of a white squirrel on its officers' uniform patches.

Along with Olney, there are four other towns in North America that avidly compete with each other to be the official "Home of the White Squirrel", namely: Marionville, Missouri; Brevard, North Carolina; Exeter, Ontario; and Kenton, Tennessee, each of which holds an annual white squirrel festival, among other things designed to promote their claim of "White Squirrel Capital".

A list of white squirrel sightings around the world is maintained by the White Squirrel Research Institute, a group based in Brevard, North Carolina.

Other towns that have reported white squirrel populations in North America (although not necessarily competing to be the "official" white squirrel capital) include Bowling Green, Kentucky; Columbia, Mississippi; DeForest, Wisconsin; Stratford, Connecticut; and some of the snowbelt cities in the Western, Central and Finger Lakes regions of New York State (Buffalo, Rochester, Ithaca and Syracuse). The Trinity Bellwoods neighborhood of Toronto, Ontario is locally known for white squirrel sightings.

Campus populations
In addition to the various towns that boast of their white squirrel populations, a number of university campuses in North America have white squirrels. The University of Texas at Austin is home to a white squirrel population which has spurred the myth of the albino squirrel as a good luck charm. There are many versions of the tale; one of the more popular versions is if one spots the albino squirrel before an exam, they will ace it. The University of North Texas founded the Albino Squirrel Preservation Society in 2001, which has since acquired several "worldwide" chapters. In 2006, the University of North Texas held a student referendum to name their white squirrel as the university's secondary mascot, but the vote was narrowly defeated by the student body. University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire has a significant white squirrel population both on the campus and in other areas of the city of Eau Claire. Michigan Technological University in Houghton, Michigan is home to frequently sighted white squirrels that live on and around the campus. A Facebook group dedicated to these squirrels, called I've Seen the Albino Squirrel of Michigan Tech, was created for people to post photographs and anecdotes of their encounters with the white squirrels, and includes some stories from Michigan Tech alumni that recall seeing white squirrels in Houghton dating back to the 1930s.

In Kentucky, the University of Louisville has established its own chapter of the Albino Squirrel Preservation Society, which maintains contact with its members and interested parties through a Facebook group by that name. The university has an open policy to give away a free t-shirt to anyone who takes a photograph of a white squirrel on campus grounds and brings it to the administration offices.

Other university campuses that have albino squirrel populations include Oberlin College in Ohio, Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green, Kentucky (which has had a population of albino squirrels since the 1960s), and Youngstown State University in Youngstown, Ohio.

Michael Stokes, a biology professor at Western Kentucky University, commented that the probable cause for the abundance of white squirrels on university campuses was because they were originally introduced by someone: "We're not sure how they got here, but I'll tell you how it usually happens...When you see them, especially around a college campus or parks, somebody brought them in because they thought it would be neat to have white squirrels around."

Albert Meier, another biology professor at Western Kentucky University, added that: "... white squirrels rarely survive in the wild because they can't easily hide. But on a college campus, they are less likely to be consumed by other animals."

In folklore
A story in which a Nāga shapeshifts into a white or albino squirrel, is killed by a hunter, and is magically transformed into meat equal to 8,000 cartloads figures prominently in the folklore of rocket festival traditions and the origin of Nong Han Kumphawapi Lake in Northeast Thailand.

Red and grey squirrels in the UK
A decline of the red squirrel and the rise of the eastern gray squirrel, an introduced species from North America, has been widely remarked upon in British popular culture. It is mostly regarded as the invading greys driving out the native red species. Evidence also shows that grey squirrels are vectors of the squirrel parapoxvirus for which no vaccine is currently available, and which is deadly to red squirrels but does not seem to affect the non-native host.

Currently, the red squirrel's range has been reduced to the coniferous forests in Scotland, and in England's Formby, the Lake District, Brownsea Island, and the Isle of Wight. The majority of England's red squirrels are found in the county of Northumberland. Special measures are in place to contain and remove any infiltration of grey squirrels into these areas. Though the population has dramatically decreased, they remain listed on the IUCN Red List as Least Concern.

As of 2008, the eastern gray squirrel was regarded as vermin and it was illegal to release any into the wild; any caught  could be released only if one applied for and was granted a licence to do so. As of 2015, any caught in Scotland had to be humanely killed.

title: Tree squirrel


text:
User:Number 8

Football rules...!

I love football. All other sports which call themselves 'football' isn't real football. They don't use their foot much, just hands.

title: User:Number 8


text: User talk:155.153.20.1

title: User talk:155.153.20.1


text:
User talk:Tnh1@students.uwf.edu

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --RichG 05:13, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Tnh1@students.uwf.edu


text:
Talk:Converted

— J I P | Talk 05:13, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Converted


text: User talk:71.240.211.25

title: User talk:71.240.211.25


text:
Adam Sanford

Adam Sanford (born 12 July 1975) is a former professional cricketer who played eleven Test matches for the West Indies between 2002 and 2004. He later qualified for the U.S. national team, playing three Twenty20 fixtures for them in 2013.

With the exception of a single first-class match for the Windward Islands in 1997, Sanford's West Indian domestic cricket was played for the Leeward Islands: despite being born in Dominica - a member of the Windward Islands Cricket Board of Control -, he lived ten years and served as a policeman in Antigua and Barbuda, which also he represented once. Sanford played 11 Test matches for the West Indies, taking 15 wickets in five Tests in the 2001–02 home series against India, when he became the first indigenous Carib to play for the West Indies. He also went on a tour of New Zealand in June 2002, but after taking five wickets in two Tests including a bowling analysis of one for 101 in the final match, he was dropped for the tour of India the following season.

Sanford returned to the side a year and a half later, playing two Tests against South Africa and taking seven wickets, before rounding off his career so far with two home Tests against England. His bowling on that series was criticised by TV commentator and former Test player Geoff Boycott, who claimed that Sanford "couldn't have got [his] granny out". Sanford was dropped again after the second Test against England.

title: Adam Sanford


text:
Macau Grand Prix

The Macau Grand Prix (Grande Prémio de Macau; ) is an annual motorsport road racing event for automobiles and motorcycles held on the Guia Circuit in Macau. The event includes the Formula 3 Macau Grand Prix and Macau Motorcycle Grand Prix title races, with other races for touring, grand touring, sports and Formula 4 cars.

The first Macau Grand Prix was held in 1954 as a sports car event. In 1967, the Macau Motorcycle Grand Prix was introduced. In 2008, a GT3 race was added to the event, which became known as the FIA GT World Cup.

The Macau Formula 3 Grand Prix features many national Formula 3 champions and drivers from around the world, with the winner being awarded the FIA Formula 3 World Cup.

Due to the challenging nature of the Guia Circuit, which consists of fast straights (a Formula 3 car can reach a top speed of 275 km/h at the end of the straight ), tight corners and uncompromising crash barriers; the Macau Grand Prix races are considered some of the most demanding in the world. Many current or former Formula One drivers have participated in the event early in their careers and some of them have won the prestigious prize. Previous winners include Ayrton Senna, Michael Schumacher, David Coulthard, Ralf Schumacher, Ralph Firman, Takuma Sato and Dan Ticktum.

History
The Macau Grand Prix was originally conceived in 1954 as a treasure hunt around the streets of the city, but shortly after, it was suggested that the hunt's track could host a racing event for local motor enthusiasts. Production car races joined the event in 1957, which were superseded by touring cars in 1972.

In 1961, the title race became an open-wheel Formula Libre event. The race continued as an amateur race until 1966, when Belgian driver Mauro Bianchi entered the race in an Alpine A220 (chassis #1722). Alpine Renault had also sent engineer Jean-Paul Castilleux to assist Bianchi with technical aspects of the car. Bianchi's victory and exposure led to more professional racing teams entering the Grand Prix in the following years.

The motorcycle race was introduced in 1967, and in that year the first fatal tragedy struck the race: double champion Dodjie Laurel was killed when he lost control of his car and crashed. This raised the alarm for more safety improvements for the race. Teddy Yip was one of the main forces behind the Macau Grand Prix back in the 1970s and 1980s, leading this Grand Prix to be one of the world's most famous motor racing events. The Macau Grand Prix parties he hosted for many years at his home also became a central part of the social aspect of the Grand Prix. Prize money at this time was not substantial, with 1980 winner Geoff Lees receiving thirty-four dollars and 1981 winner Bob Earl receiving thirty-six.

In 1983, it was decided by the organisers that since Formula Pacific was becoming obsolete, the race would be held as a Formula Three event. Initially, they wanted to run a F2 race, but as they were unwilling to make any large circuit modifications, which included cutting down trees, the organisers decided to adopt Formula 3 cars for the feature race and it was sanctioned by FIA as the F3 World Cup title race. At the same time, Yokohama Tire was officially designated as the sole supplier of control tires for the competitors.

This decision has seen the reputation of the event in the motorsport world increase rapidly, with the event attracting the best young drivers from Europe and Japan. The first F3 race was won by a young Ayrton Senna. The race in 1990 was a memorable one, as Michael Schumacher and Mika Häkkinen were involved in an incident when they were in first and second going into the final lap. At the main straight just after the Mandarin Oriental Bend, Häkkinen hit the back of Schumacher's car and crashed out when he attempted to overtake him. Schumacher's car was able to continue with its rear wing damaged and eventually won the race with the best aggregate time. Other notable winners include Formula One drivers David Coulthard, Ralf Schumacher and Takuma Sato. Since the introduction of F3 races, the Macau GP has gradually become a stepping stone for many F3 drivers to higher class motor-racing competitions such as the FIA Formula 2 Championship and Formula One. However, only three drivers in the field in the 2010s – Valtteri Bottas in 2011, Max Verstappen in 2014, and Charles Leclerc in 2015—who have started this race have won a Formula One race, and 1995 was the last time a Macau Grand Prix winner won a Formula One race.

The event received world championship status from 2005 to 2014 as the final round of the World Touring Car Championship.

Format
The Macau Grand Prix race weekend normally starts on the Thursday and ends on the Sunday on the second or third week of November. The first two days (Thursday and Friday) are generally scheduled for practice and qualifying. All races are held on Saturday and Sunday, with the final rounds of the heavyweights Macau Formula 3 Grand Prix and the Touring Car Guia Race (the final 2 rounds of the World Touring Car Championship), as well as the FIA GT World Cup, held on the last day. Both the Macau Formula 3 Grand Prix and the Guia Race are sanctioned by the FIA and the winner of the Macau Formula 3 Grand Prix is awarded the FIA World Cup. Apart from the two major races held at the race weekend, the Macau Motorcycle Grand Prix is also one of the highlights of the weekend since it features former or current racers of the Superbike World Championship and stars of Britain's legendary open-road motorcycle races such as the Isle of Man TT.

Newly introduced into the 2007 race Macau GT Cup is the race for GT3 category cars. Since 2015 the winner of the race is awarded the FIA GT World Cup.

Over the years, the Macau Grand Prix's Guia Race for touring cars had belonged to the Asian Touring Car Championship, and the current GT Cup race was once the Supercar Cup for road going exotic sports cars., the Formula Renault race, the Porsche Carrera Cup Asia race, the scooter race for locals and in the past but on a less than frequent basis, a Jackie Chan endorsed race for celebrity women drivers (partnered with pro racers) involving Mitsubishis, with whom Chan hold a sponsorship deal.

Major accidents
As of 2024, there has been a total of 17 deaths from accidents at or related to the circuit; in total, nine motorcyclists, five car drivers, one spectator, official and bystander each. Eight of those are from Hong Kong.

1967: Arsenio Laurel: Killed when he lost control of his Lotus 41 and hit the corner sea wall, now called Mandarin Bend. He was trapped in his Formula car and burned.

1971: David Ma: whilst qualifying, he lost control of his Lotus 47 under braking for the Statue Corner, striking into a lamp post. Ma was killed instantly. The wrecked remains of his car was dumped at sea on its return trip.

1972: Chan Shui Fat: at the Guia Race, his Mini Cooper went out of control at more than 100 mph and left the road. Chan jumped out of the car before it crashed into a wall and burst into flames. He died from internal bleeding shortly after being admitted to hospital.

1979: Tong Zheng Hui: at the ACP saloon car support race, Tong's Toyota Corolla coupe and Bobby Chung Datsun Sunny collided with each other and caught fire at Excelsior Bend, killing Tong and hospitalizing the other with serious injuries. The third driver involved, Wong Weng Kwong, was critically injured after crashing into barrier at the same place immediately before collision.

1974: Dieter Glemser: during practice for the Guia Race, he lost control of his Zakspeed Ford Escort RS 1600 when it suffered from a blowout. The car hit a sea wall, spun across the rain-soaked track and ploughed into the mostly unprotected crowd, consisting of several young spectators. One of them, an eight-year-old child, later died of his injuries and five children between six and ten received hospital treatment. The accident led Glemser, the 1971 Guia Race winner, to retire from racing months later.

1998: At the Supercar Cup (the predecessor of GT World Cup), a Ferrari 348 caught fire due to an oil leak, this almost spread to the Ferrari of Aaron Kwok, causing him to park up and bail out. The driver parked the burning car in the pits with two firefighters trying to extinguish the fire. A Porsche 911T lost control spun out of control after hitting the oil slick, striking into two firemen and three track officials, before crashing into a barrier, destroying the car frontally. The fireman later died from his injuries.

2000 Macau Guia Race crash: Frans Verschuur: during the warm-up session for the Guia touring car race, his Renault Megane suffered a brake failure as he entered Lisboa. The car ploughed into several tyre barriers before hitting a parked car and then continued on before hitting a truck, killing a pedestrian (a tourist who was not part of the event), injuring three others and while Verschuur suffered back and leg injuries. The incident led to his team, Renault Dealer Team Holland, to pull out of the race as a mark of respect.

2012: Philip Yau: In a WTCC-spec Chevrolet Cruze in the CTM Touring Car Cup invitational, a part failure led to the car making contact with the Turn 2 (Mandarin Oriental) wall at speeds over 200 km/h. The rescue team tried to put out the fire with the fire extinguisher. The driver was airlifted to the hospital, but died shortly afterwards. 2018: Sophia Flörsch: Suffered a spinal fracture after her Formula 3 car became airborne after contact leading into Lisboa corner, flipping over the catch fencing and striking a photographers' bunker.

Motorcycle fatalities:
 * Shea Lun Tsang 1973
 * Lam Sai-Kwan 1977
 * Chan Wai Chi 1983
 * Zoe Maximo Rosario 1993
 * Tung Sai-Wing 1993
 * Katsuhiro Tottori 1994
 * Bruno Bonhuil 2005
 * Luis Carreira 2012
 * Daniel Hegarty 2017

Circuit
The 3.8 miles (6.2 km) Guia Circuit features a combination of fast straights and tight corners, with the circuit's minimum width being only seven metres. It is recognised as one of the most challenging circuits in the world. The circuit has a Grade 2 (Restricted) FIA track license at the moment.

To keep the Grand Prix or not
The society of Macau is developing rapidly. During every edition of the Grand Prix, traffic in the outer harbour area becomes severely disrupted. In 2007, politician Stanley Au Chong-kit pointed out that the Macau Grand Prix should be suspended as it wastes money and brings negative impacts to locals. Meanwhile, affairs commentator Tam Chi Keung suggested to move the Grand Prix event to Cotai. Later, in 2020, former president of the Macau SAR Sports Bureau Manuel Silverio also suggested to move the Macau Grand Prix to Cotai instead during an interview of TDM Canal. "It might be the appropriate time to use a new circuit. For instance, in Cotai, so that it can relieve a great amount of pressure for visitors and locals." This suggestion never happened as he wasn't the president of the bureau anymore.

Holding the event under COVID-19 pandemic in 2020
Due to travel restrictions, foreign racers and riders were not able to attend the 67th edition of the Grand Prix, making the event downgraded to "Greater Bay Area only". The Motorcycle Grand Prix was cancelled, and visitors to Macau were lower than expectations. However, the Macau SAR Government persisted in holding the Grand Prix using 250 million patacas which caused dissatisfaction among local people. The Macau SAR Secretary for Social Affairs and Culture and the president of the Macau Grand Prix Organising Committee (MGPOC) Ao Ieong U refused to answer questions from local media.

The Macau SAR Sports Bureau issued a press release stating that holding the Macau Grand Prix doesn't only proves that the government is confident in pandemic prevention, and also the determination to promote post-epidemic economic recovery. Holding the Macau Grand Prix could show the demonstration of Macau's anti-epidemic results to the world, restoring tourists' confidence and intention to travel to Macau, and drive the tourism, hotel and catering industries. It also hoped to promote the recovery of the construction, transportation and automobile maintenance industries through the linkage effect of the Grand Prix, thus boosting the economy, creating jobs, increasing employment for citizens, and minimising the impact of the epidemic on society and people's livelihood. The Sports Bureau believed that holding the Macau Grand Prix is meaningful to Macau, therefore hoped the society and citizens to understand and fully support the event.

Switching from F3 to FR as the Grand Prix event
In May 2024, the FIA announced that from 2024 onwards, the Macau Grand Prix would feature Formula Regional machinery, replacing the FIA F3 World Cup. The Macau Grand Prix Organising Committee (MGPOC) issued a statement regarding the change, saying that the FR cars would be more suitable for Macau and the Macau Grand Prix would continue being the only organiser of the aforementioned FIA World Cup. F3 racers Gabriele Minì, who finished the 2023 Macau Grand Prix in third, Laurens Van Hoepen and Nikita Bedrin expressed their unimpressed opinion on the change. Macanese Formula 4 racer Tiago Golovko Rodrigues also expressed his thoughts on the event. He pointed out that the switch would bring both positive and negative effects. For the positive, the FR World Cup would attract more and younger racers participating in the event. On the other hand, the great tradition within motorsport and Macau is lost. "In the SAR, F3 is one of the most prestigious races in the world and brings more interest than FR. We will also probably never have a car as fast as F3 racing here anymore." said Rodrigues. Double Formula 4 Macau Grand Prix winner Charles Leong shared the same opinion as the cost of participating in Formula Regional is less than in Formula 3, and said that the FR World Cup would not be less competitive. Moreover, André Couto expected that the competitiveness and level of excitement wouldn't be affected. During an interview after a press conference of a sporting event in Macau, the principal of the Macau SAR Sports Bureau, Pun Weng Kun stated that the Sports Bureau disagreed on views saying that the FR World Cup would lower the influence of the Macau Grand Prix and the new competition would attract more international drivers.

Title race
The first title race was held in 1954 as a sports car race. In 1961 the title race switched to the Formula Libre till 1974, when Formula Pacific came into play. 1983 was a start of the new era with the introduction of the Formula 3, which attracted drivers from European Formula 3 championships and the Japanese Formula 3 Championship.

Due to its position in the calendar, Macau Grand Prix race is usually not part of multi-event series, but is often the only event of a worldwide international competition made on-purpose for the Macau Grand Prix in collaboration with the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile gathering all drivers from different championships.

2019 introduced the Dallara F3 2019 machinery, with the entrants—all of them from the FIA Formula 3 Championship—using equal cars and engines for the first time.

In 2020, 2021 and 2022, the title race was run as a part of China's Formula 4 championship with exclusively local drivers and teams, as the COVID-19 pandemic forced travel restrictions on international FIA F3 drivers and teams.

For 2024, the race will return to the classic 1983–2018 format of Formula Regional where drivers of various European, North American, and Asian Formula Regional championships are eligible to participate.

Macau Grand Prix (1964–)

 * Series of the main race
 * 1954 – 1976: non-championship (Macau Grand Prix)
 * 1977 – 1982: Formula Pacific Championship
 * 1983 – 2003: non-championship (Formula 3 Macau Grand Prix)
 * 2004 – 2010: FIA Intercontinental Formula 3 Cup
 * 2011: FIA Formula 3 International Trophy & FIA Intercontinental Formula 3 Cup
 * 2012 – 2014: FIA Intercontinental Formula 3 Cup
 * 2015: FIA Formula 3 Intercontinental Cup
 * 2016 – 2019: FIA Formula 3 World Cup
 * 2020 – 2022: F4 Chinese Championship
 * 2023: FIA Formula 3 World Cup
 * 2024: FIA Formula Regional World Cup

Touring cars

The first Guia Race for touring cars was held in 1972. The event was notable in that very few touring car races were held on street circuits at the time. From 2005 to 2014, the race became the final two rounds of the FIA World Touring Car Championship. In 2015 and 2016, the category was replaced by the TCR International Series. WTCC then returned as the Suncity Group Macau Guia Race in 2017. From 2018 to 2019, the races were replaced by the new FIA World Touring Car Cup. Since then, Macau had never held any rounds of the WTCR anymore due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Macau Guia Race was replaced by the TCR Asia Challenge in 2022. The local pandemic was over at the beginning of 2023, which made international racers and teams be able to compete there again. The 2023 Macau Guia Race was held by the Kumho TCR World Tour.

Starting from 2008, the Macau Touring Car Cup was added in the calendar. It has been the final round of the China Touring Car Championship since 2022.

Macau Guia Race (1972–)

 * Held races (including title sponsors)
 * 1972 – 1993: Guia Race of Macau
 * 1994: Guia Race of Macau – Asia-Pacific Touring Car Championship
 * 1995 – 1999: Guia Race of Macau
 * 2000: Guia Race – Asia Touring Car Series
 * 2001: STDM Guia Race
 * 2002 – 2003: SJM Guia Race
 * 2004: SJM Guia Race – Worldwide Touring Car
 * 2005: FIA WTCC LG – Guia Race of Macau – Presented by SJM
 * 2006: FIA WTCC – Guia Race of Macau – Presented by SJM
 * 2007: FIA WTCC – Guia Race of Macau
 * 2008: FIA WTCC Canon – Guia Race of Macau
 * 2009: FIA WTCC Marriott – Guia Race of Macau – Presented by SJM
 * 2010 – 2012: FIA WTCC – Guia Race of Macau Presented by SJM
 * 2013: FIA WTCC – Guia Race of Macau – Presented by Star River．Windsor Arch
 * 2014: FIA WTCC – Guia Race of Macau – Presented by Suncity Group
 * 2015 – 2016: Suncity Group Macau Guia Race 2.0T
 * 2017: Suncity Group Macau Guia Race – FIA WTCC
 * 2018 – 2019: Suncity Group Macau Guia Race – FIA WTCR
 * 2020: Macau Guia Race
 * 2021: Galaxy Entertainment Macau Guia Race
 * 2022: Wynn Macau Guia Race – TCR Asia Challenge
 * 2023: Macau Guia Race – Kumho TCR World Tour

Macau Touring Car Cup (2008–)

 * Held races (including title sponsors)
 * 2008 – 2013: CTM Macau Touring Car Race
 * 2014 – 2017: CTM Macau Touring Car Cup
 * 2018 – 2019: FOOD4U Macau Touring Car Cup
 * 2020: Macau Touring Car Cup
 * 2021: Melco Macau Touring Car Cup
 * 2022: MGM Macau Touring Car Cup – China Touring Car Championship
 * 2023: Macau Touring Car Cup – China Touring Car Championship

Motorcycles
Macau is a special event for motorcycle riders. The Motorcycle Grand Prix has featured notable top-level riders, with winners of the race including MotoGP World Champion Kevin Schwantz, Superbike World Champion Carl Fogarty, notable MotoGP rider Ron Haslam and Isle of Man legends Michael Rutter, Michael Dunlop, and John McGuinness. Because of the street circuit nature, the course is closer to the legendary British open-road races than a regulation MotoGP circuit.

In 2014, the award-winning documentary Macau Gladiators by German director Andreas Knuffmann appeared. The movie is about the 2013 edition of the Motorcycle Grand Prix and followed the Team of Frank Heidger with the German Didier Grams (8th place) and his Belgian teammate Marc Fistette (DNF).

GT (Grand Touring)
The Macau GT Cup was added in 2008, and has been one of the most important supporting races of the Grand Prix since then.

The FIA GT World Cup is a race for GT3-spec cars, organized by the Stéphane Ratel Organisation (SRO) and the Automobile General Association Macau-China (AAMC). The event was confirmed by the FIA at the World Motor Sport Council in Geneva on 20 March 2015. The winning driver of the event is the winning driver of the Main Race, but the award for the FIA GT World Cup for Manufacturers is presented to the manufacturer supplying the cars with a manufacturer entry with the highest number of points after addition of the points of its two best cars awarded according to the result of the Main Race. Starting in 2017, there is an age limit for drivers; drivers may be no older than 59 years 364 days, as bronze-level drivers are prohibited from participation. (Under FIA driver grading rules, any driver over 60 is a bronze driver, regardless of his accomplishments).

In 2020 to 2022, the Macau GT Cups were not held by SRO as a part of FIA GT World Cup due to the local pandemic of COVID-19. FIA GT World Cup returned in 2023.

In 2018 the Greater Bay Area Lotus Cup was added to the GP events. This was a single make race with all competitors driving a Lotus Exige. The race was a joint promotion between Automobile General Association Macao-China (AMMC), Hong Kong Automobile Association (HKAA) and Zhuhai Motorsports Association. The drivers were from Hong Kong, Macau and mainland China.

Except the Macau GT Cup, the Greater Bay Area GT Cup has been on the calendar since 2019, which replaced the Greater Bay Area Lotus Cup. The race includes talented GT drivers mainly from the Greater Bay Area. In 2023, it was separated as the GT3 and GT4 Cups.

Macau GT Cup (2008–)

 * Held races (including title sponsors)
 * 2008 – 2010: Macau GT Cup
 * 2011: Windsor Arch Macau GT Cup
 * 2012 – 2013: City of Dreams Macau GT Cup
 * 2014: Macau GT Cup
 * 2015 – 2019: SJM Macau GT Cup – FIA GT World Cup
 * 2020: Macau GT Cup
 * 2021: Sands China Macau GT Cup
 * 2022: Galaxy Entertainment Macau GT Cup
 * 2023: Macau GT Cup – FIA GT World Cup

Greater Bay Area GT Cup (2018–)

 * Held races (including title sponsors)
 * 2018: Suncity Group Greater Bay Area Lotus Cup
 * 2019: Suncity Group Greater Bay Area GT Cup
 * 2020: Greater Bay Area GT Cup
 * 2021: MGM Greater Bay Area GT Cup
 * 2022: Melco Greater Bay Area GT Cup
 * 2023: Greater Bay Area GT Cup (GT3 & GT4)

title: Macau Grand Prix


text:
Mabel Mercer

Mabel Mercer (3 February 1900 – 20 April 1984) was an English-born cabaret singer who performed in the United States, Britain, and Europe with the greats in jazz and cabaret. She was a featured performer at Chez Bricktop in Paris, owned by the hostess Bricktop, and performed in such clubs as Le Ruban Bleu, Tony's, the RSVP, the Carlyle, the St. Regis Hotel, and eventually her own room, the Byline Club. Among those who frequently attended Mercer's shows was Frank Sinatra, who made no secret of his emulating her phrasing and story-telling techniques.

Early life
Mabel Mercer was born on 3 February 1900 in Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire, England. Her mother was a young, white English music hall performer, and her father was an itinerant black American musician, who died before she was born. At the age of 14, she left her convent school in Manchester, and toured Britain and Europe with her aunt in vaudeville and music hall engagements. Her precise vocal styling was believed to be the result of diction training while a student at the convent.

Career
In 1928, she was an unknown member of the black chorus in the London production of Show Boat, but she had become the toast of Paris by the 1930s, with admirers who included Ernest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Cole Porter.

When World War II broke out, she traveled to America to sing in the finest supper clubs in New York. Mercer's earliest recordings were selections from Porgy and Bess, released in 1942 on the elite Liberty Music Shops label, featuring piano accompaniment by Cy Walter.

But it wasn't until the following decade that she began recording more consistently. The years 1952 to 1954 saw the release of her first full-length albums, Songs by Mabel Mercer, volumes 1-3. By 1960, four more LPs had followed. In the late 1960s, she gave two concerts with Bobby Short at Town Hall in New York City. Both were released by Atlantic Records: Mabel Mercer & Bobby Short at Town Hall, in 1968, (Atlantic SD 2-604) and Mabel Mercer & Bobby Short Second Town Hall Concert, in 1969 (Atlantic SD 2-605). In 1969, she made two appearances on the television program Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.

Her original and reissued albums are collector's items. Atlantic Records reissued four of her early LPs in a boxed set in 1975, in honor of her 75th birthday. She was awarded Stereo Review Magazine's first Award for Merit, for her lifetime achievement and for "outstanding contributions to the quality of American musical life." This award was officially renamed the Mabel Mercer Award in 1984.

Late career
When Mercer returned on 4 July 1977 for her first performance in England in 41 years, the BBC filmed three evenings' performances and later broadcast them in a week-long late-night television program, a BBC first for an entertainer. It was titled Miss Mercer in Mayfair.

In 1978, Midnight at Mabel Mercer's, her 1956 album on Atlantic, was praised as "one of the best recordings of the past twenty years" (although it was more than 20 years old at the time) by Stereo Review. That same year, Mercer played at San Francisco's Club Mocambo to sold-out audiences, in celebration of her 78th birthday.

In 1982, Mercer teamed up with her friend Eileen Farrell in concert as part of the Kool Jazz Festival.

Honours
In January 1981, she was honoured by the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York with "An American Cabaret," the only musical event of its kind at that point in the museum's history. Mercer was the first guest on Eileen Farrell's new program on National Public Radio featuring great popular singers.

Mercer received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the US's highest civilian medal, in 1983. When President Ronald Reagan presented it to her in a ceremony at the White House, he called her "a singer's singer" and "a living testament to the artfulness of the American song".

She also received two honorary Doctor of Music degrees: one from Boston's Berklee College of Music, the other from the New England Conservatory of Music.

Death
Mercer died on 20 April 1984, aged 84, in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and is buried at Red Rock Cemetery near Chatham, New York.

The Mabel Mercer Foundation
In 1985, the Mabel Mercer Foundation was established with the efforts of her long-time friend and professional associate Donald F. Smith. This not-for-profit arts organization was formed to keep Mercer's memory alive, and to contribute to the art of cabaret performing by supporting artists and providing information resources. Its international activities include the debut of the London Cabaret Convention in 2004. The Foundation produced Noël Coward's 100th birthday celebration at Carnegie Hall. It also has a Young Person's Series to introduce young people to The Great American Songbook of popular classics.

Live concerts

 * 1990: View Video VHS: Mabel Mercer: A Singer's Singer (reissued 2005 on DVD)
 * 1991: View Video VHS: Mabel Mercer: An Evening with Mabel Mercer (a.k.a. Cabaret Artist "Now and Always") (as yet unissued on DVD)

As actress

 * 1936: Tropical Trouble
 * 1936: Everything Is Rhythm
 * 1961: The Sand Castle

Discography

 * 1942: Porgy and Bess (3x10" 78-rpm set with Cy Walter & Todd Duncan; three songs by Mabel)
 * c. 1945: You Better Go Now (unreleased private recording)
 * 1953: Songs by Mabel Mercer, Vol. 1
 * 1953: Songs by Mabel Mercer, Vol. 2
 * 1953: Songs by Mabel Mercer, Vol. 3 (Written Especially For Her)
 * 1955: Mabel Mercer Sings Cole Porter
 * 1956: Midnight at Mabel Mercer's
 * 1958: Once in a Blue Moon
 * 1960: Merely Marvelous Mabel Mercer
 * 1964: Mabel Mercer Sings
 * 1965: The Art of Mabel Mercer (2x12" reissue of three 1953 10" Songs by Mabel Mercer LPs with one added track)
 * 1968: At Town Hall (live recording, with Bobby Short)
 * 1969: Second Town Hall Concert (live recording, with Bobby Short)
 * 1974: For Always (reissue of 1964 Mabel Mercer Sings)
 * 1975: A Tribute to Mabel Mercer on the Occasion of her 75th Birthday (4x12" reissue of four 1955–60 LPs in commemorative box)
 * 1980: Echoes of My Life (her final studio recordings)
 * 2002: Previously Unreleased Live Performances (Legendary Performers)

Archival materials

 * Mercer, Mabel. Mabel Mercer Papers, 1932–1984. 1932.
 * Mercer, Mabel. Mabel Mercer Collection, 1932–1980. 1932.

Monographs

 * Haskins, James. Mabel Mercer: A Life. New York: Atheneum, 1987. ISBN 978-0-689-11595-0
 * Cheney, Margaret. Midnight at Mabel's: The Mabel Mercer Story: Centennial Biography of the Great Song Stylist. Washington, DC: New Voyage, 2000. ISBN 978-0-615-11345-6

Other

 * "Mercer, Mabel." Encyclopedia of Popular Music, 4th ed. Ed. Colin Larkin. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. 2006.
 * Spiller, David. Mabel Mercer, cabaret singer: a fictional biography. 2013, 229pp. Available from Amazon Kindle.
 * Bourne, Stephen. Black Poppies: Britain's Black Community and the Great War. The History Press, 2019.

title: Mabel Mercer


text:
Hamilton Viewpoint

Hamilton Viewpoint is a 16.9 acre public park in the West Seattle neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, United States. It was acquired by the city in 1914 and became a park 4 years later. Its namesake is Rupert L. Hamilton, a noted figure in the West Seattle community who helped establish the park. It had previously been known as West Side Park and Duwamish Head Park.

title: Hamilton Viewpoint


text:
Menomonee River

The Menomonee River is one of three primary rivers in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, along with the Kinnickinnic River and Milwaukee River.

Description
Named after the Menomonee (also spelled Menominee) Indians, the word was given to the Menomonee people by the Chippewa people, and in the Chippewa language literally means "rice eaters" referring to the abundant wild rice that once grew along its shores in the Menomonee Valley. A tributary of the Milwaukee River, it is the most industrialized within the Milwaukee River Basin.

Watershed

The Menomonee River is 33.0 mi long, and empties into Lake Michigan at Milwaukee. Not to be confused with longer rivers named after the same Indian tribe. With a watershed that covers approximately 140 sqmi of urban landscape, it is home to a population of more than 336,670 people. This includes portions of Washington, Ozaukee, Waukesha, and Milwaukee counties. A large swath of the river has been heavily channelized and industrialized as it runs through the Menomonee Valley. This has become a primary source of pollution for the river.

Its estuary empties into Lake Michigan from the Milwaukee River near the Milwaukee harbor, along with the Kinnickinnic River to the south.

title: Menomonee River


text:
Talk:Robert Doyle

control of upper house
I believe that the libs/nats etc lost control of the Leg council, briefly, in the mid 80s--please disabuse me Eric A. Warbuton 05:19, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I've checked sources, and you're basically right. The result at the 1985 election was particularly close, and there was a tied vote in Nunawading Province. It was initially considered won by the ALP, but the Court of Disputed Returns declared the outcome void, and the Liberals won the resulting by-election either one or three months later (conflicting sources). If that is counted, then 2002 was the second time Labor has gained control of the Legislative Council. Ambi 06:17, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Good bloke!
Great pollie. Will be a loss to the Community.

Frozen ... why?
Hi.

Can we unfreeze this page? Some of us have valid contributions to make.

 * This article has been blocked to edits from IP addresses due to persistent non-neutral Point of View edits made from anonymous IP addresses. If you wish to contribute you can create a Wikipedia user name and then edit the page logged on as a user.

 * An article which clearly, accurately, and fairly describes all the major points of view will, by definition, be in accordance with Wikipedia's official "Neutral Point of View" policy. See WP:POV and WP:NPOV for more details.  Also note that all contributions to talk pages such as this should be signed by entering 4 tildes "~" as the end of your comments Peter C Talk! 01:35, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

 * For the record, edits by the above anon were the reason this article was frozen in the first place. Ambi 02:03, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

 * These edits were mentioned in the Diary section of The Age today (11 May):
 * "Online encyclopedia Wikipedia can be edited by anyone. It's a wealth of knowledge on a broad range of topics. Did we mention that anyone can edit it? As Victorian Liberal leader Robert Doyle was resigning in favour of Ted Baillieu, his online entry was being updated in a manner that would have stretched Encyclopedia Britannica's standards of objectivity. Until he "nobly" resigned, he served Victoria with "aplomb, charisma and energy", the page said. "More leaders like Mr Doyle are required to rail against the spin and economic mismanagement of the Bracks Government." Hey, they make a point. Then again, the person writing it is spinning an online encyclopedia entry. The effusiveness has since been deleted, but the mind whirls."
 * I've added it to Press coverage. --Canley 03:15, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Unfreeze
How about unfreezing this page so others can contribute?

 * You know why it frozen. You edits landed yourself a gig on the Melbourne Age. :) ßlηguγΣη | Have your say!!! - review me 00:58, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * NOTE: The page is not frozen to edits for Wikipedia users so create a profile and you can start editing Peter C Talk! 03:02, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

You know it, Review Me. I got onto the backpage of the Age. More than you'll ever get, Review Me. Tool.

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 130.194.13.103 (talk • contribs) 15:51, 29 May 2006.

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 03:48, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Robert Doyle. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081203071303/http://www.theage.com.au/national/new-mayor-driving-down-a-wrongway-street-20081201-6otz.html to http://www.theage.com.au/national/new-mayor-driving-down-a-wrongway-street-20081201-6otz.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081206112459/http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,24747947-2862,00.html to http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,24747947-2862,00.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:33, 20 December 2017 (UTC)

Victorian Liberal leaders who did not become Premier
“Napthine and Baillieu eventually became Premiers and it meant that Doyle along with Alan Brown have been the only Liberal leaders to have never won an election.”

That is incorrect as it did not take into account, due to when it was written, non-elected Liberal Premiers Lindsay Thompson and Naphthine who were both voted out without being elected in their own right. This plus the fact that Brown neither won or lost an election as Liberal leader. The statement was about Liberal leaders who did not become Premiers and this club recently got a new member in Matthew Guy. 122.106.83.10 (talk) 00:55, 12 December 2018 (UTC)

Why hasn't this mistake been corrected. 122.106.83.10 (talk) 16:45, 27 March 2019 (UTC)

 * I've removed the passage, not much point if the group is getting larger, but you could have made the edit yourself. --Canley (talk) 02:39, 28 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Oh OK, no you couldn't, it is semi-protected. --Canley (talk) 02:42, 28 March 2019 (UTC)

"no longer true"

Wasn't true in the first place.122.106.83.10 (talk) 02:59, 29 March 2019 (UTC)
 * You're welcome. --Canley (talk) 03:14, 29 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert Doyle


text:
Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies

The Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (HJAS) is an English-language scholarly journal published by the Harvard-Yenching Institute. HJAS features articles and book reviews of current scholarship in East Asian Studies, focusing on Chinese, Japanese, and Korean history, literature and religion, with occasional coverage of politics and linguistics. It has been called "still Americas's leading sinological journal."

History
The Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies was founded in 1936 by the Russian-French scholar Serge Elisséeff under the auspices of the Harvard-Yenching Institute, an independent, non-profit organization founded in 1928 to further the spread of knowledge and scholarship on East and Southeast Asia. Elisséeff's wide range of knowledge came to be reflected in the diverse character of the journal during the twenty-one years he served as its editor (1936–1957).

Since the days of Elisséeff, the journal has been guided by:
 * John Bishop (editor), 1958–1974
 * Timothy Connor, 1975
 * Donald Shively, 1976–1983
 * Ronald Egan, 1983–1987

 * Howard Hibbett, 1988–
 * Joanna Handlin Smith, present-

Publishing History
The journal was published three times yearly from its inception until 1947. From 1948 until 1957 it was released biannually, but from 1958 to 1976 the journal was released only annually or in two-year periods. Since 1977 it has been published twice yearly in June and December.

Contents
The Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, with Monumenta Nipponica, is one of the largest and most influential American journals on East Asian scholarship. The journal focuses on analytical articles and does not print translations, unlike Monumenta Nipponica.

title: Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies


text:
A.W.O.L. (album)

A.W.O.L. is the fifth studio album by rapper AZ, released on September 6, 2005. It was recorded after Final Call, which AZ declined to release because his label had pushed its release back two months—according to him, they were also the source of its early leak to the press and the internet. Garnering critical praise with production from highly regarded New York underground acts such as DJ Premier, Buckwild, and DipSet production duo the Heatmakerz, the rapper abandoned his previously money-oriented subject matter, stating that he "wanted it to be all street. A.W.O.L. is the first album AZ released on his own Quiet Money Records imprint. A.W.O.L. 1.5 was released several months later, which included a bonus disc featuring a cappella and instrumental versions to the songs on A.W.O.L..

Track listing
note*:Track 13, 14 and 15 are the 3 tracks contained on track 13 which is 10:49 in length. It is one continuous track. All 3 tracks are available, separately, on his Final Call album.

Sample credits
Street Life Bedtime Story The Come Up A.W.O.L. Magic Hour
 * "Half Moon Serenade" by Naoko Kawai
 * "Tell Me a Bedtime Story" by Quincy Jones
 * "Holdin' On" by Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs
 * "Creepin on ah Come Up" by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony
 * "Wildflower" by The New Birth
 * "He Keeps Something Groovy Goin' On" by Gwen McCrae

title: A.W.O.L. (album)


text:
Talk:Mel

Mel can also be short for Melissa.
 * That, along with other names it is sometime short for, are on Mel (given name). Jim Michael (talk) 15:28, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mel


text: Talk:Menomonee River

title: Talk:Menomonee River


text:
Nigel Thomson

Nigel Thomson (1945–1999) was an Australian artist who won the Archibald Prize twice. Known for satirical paintings of Australian society. He studied at the Julian Ashton Art School in Sydney and later taught artistic composition at that institution. He was art tutor at the Royal Academy of Art in The Hague.

He won the Archibald with Chandler Coventry in 1983, and Barbara Blackman in 1997. Thomson's painting of Patrick White's long-term partner, Manoly Lascaris was rejected from the 1995 Archibald and hung in the Salon des Refusés.

He won the Sulman Prize in 1983 with Marat, The Unsophisticated will be Shocked by the Depiction of your Death: or, the Artist Answers His Critics. This painting was based on Jacques-Louis David's famous painting Death of Marat showing Jean-Paul Marat dead in a bathtub.

He jointly won the Sulman Prize in 1986 along with Wendy Sharpe, for The State Institution.

title: Nigel Thomson


text:
Geomorpha

Geomorpha may refer to:
 * Geomorpha (bug), a genus of shield-bugs in the subfamily Pentatominae
 * Geomorpha (mammal), an infraorder of rodents

title: Geomorpha


text: User talk:216.239.38.136

title: User talk:216.239.38.136


text:
Talk:South Colombian University

Please translate whatever useful. This was input by an anon as a new article.

En 1975 ante la necesidad sentida de la región y atendiendo las solicitudes de diversos sectores del Huila, la Universidad Nacional de Colombia bajo la rectoría del doctor Luis Eduardo Mesa Velásquez, dio los primeros pasos para la posible creación de una seccional en la ciudad de Neiva que tuviese influencia sobre las departamentos del Huila, Caquetá y Territorios Nacionales.

Luego en 1978, en el mes de abril, el doctor Emilio Aljure Nasser, rector de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y el doctor Roque González Garzón, rector de la Universidad Surcolombiana de Neiva, autorizados por los Consejos Superiores, suscriben un contrato para la realización de un estudio conjunto de factibilidad para la creación de Programas de Ciencias de la Salud en la USCO.

Y finalmente en julio de 1983 inicia labores el programa de Medicina bajo la dirección académica del Dr. Odilio Méndez Sandoval. Decanos: Dr. Odilio Méndez Sandoval, Dr. Marino Cabrera, Dr. Antonio Acevedo, Dr. Luis Alberto Cerquera, Dr. Guillermo González, Dr. Pedro Reyes Gaspar, Dr. Jaime Salcedo

mikka (t) 05:21, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Requested move 21 May 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: NOT MOVED (non-admin closure) Galobtter (pingó mió) 17:59, 7 June 2018 (UTC)

South Colombian University → Universidad Surcolombiana – Request from subject at OTRS 2018052110010095 Ron h jones (Talk) 23:29, 21 May 2018 (UTC) --Relisting. Galobtter (pingó mió) 11:56, 31 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Not sure on this one, even though it's coming through OTRS. A variety of reliable secondary sources use "South Colombian University" and we prefer to use English when sources do. UNESCO and the International Association of Universities, NIH, SciELO España, plus World Bank (see GBooks for Disease Control Priorities), etc. all use South Colombian University. I failed to find any Books using Universidad Surcolombiana in English. However, Universidad Surcolombiana does appear to be more common among scientific papers on Google Scholar, so I'm not surprised to learn that this reflects what the university favors. Dekimasu よ! 01:31, 22 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Comment forget about changing the name just delete the whole page עם ישראל חי (talk) 17:16, 30 May 2018 (UTC)
 * I agree with this motion. It is healthier for our school to use the original name in Spanish everywhere. Using a translation in English is just misleading! 167.249.43.48 (talk) 15:20, 10 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Use the English name if it appears in reliable sources. Rreagan007 (talk) 13:33, 31 May 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:South Colombian University


text: User talk:71.139.7.70

title: User talk:71.139.7.70


text:
Sciurus

The genus Sciurus ( or ) contains most of the common, bushy-tailed squirrels in North America, Europe, temperate Asia, Central America and South America.

Species
The number of species in the genus is subject to change. In 2005, Thorington & Hoffman- whose taxonomic interpretation is followed by the IUCN website- accepted 28 species in the genus:

Genus Sciurus
 * Subgenus Sciurus
 * Allen's squirrel, Sciurus alleni
 * Arizona gray squirrel, Sciurus arizonensis
 * Mexican gray squirrel, Sciurus aureogaster
 * Eastern gray squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis
 * Collie's squirrel, Sciurus colliaei
 * Deppe's squirrel, Sciurus deppei
 * Japanese squirrel, Sciurus lis
 * Calabrian black squirrel, Sciurus meridionalis
 * Mexican fox squirrel, Sciurus nayaritensis
 * Fox squirrel, Sciurus niger
 * Peters's squirrel, Sciurus oculatus
 * Variegated squirrel, Sciurus variegatoides
 * Eurasian red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris
 * Yucatan squirrel, Sciurus yucatanensis
 * Subgenus Otosciurus
 * Abert's squirrel, Sciurus aberti
 * Subgenus Guerlinguetus
 * Brazilian squirrel (Guianan squirrel), Sciurus aestuans
 * Yellow-throated squirrel, Sciurus gilvigularis
 * Red-tailed squirrel, Sciurus granatensis
 * Bolivian squirrel, Sciurus ignitus
 * Ingram's squirrel, Sciurus ingrami
 * Andean squirrel, Sciurus pucheranii
 * Richmond's squirrel, Sciurus richmondi
 * Sanborn's squirrel, Sciurus sanborni
 * Guayaquil squirrel, Sciurus stramineus
 * Subgenus Tenes
 * Persian squirrel, Sciurus anomalus
 * Subgenus Hadrosciurus
 * Fiery squirrel, Sciurus flammifer
 * Junín red squirrel, Sciurus pyrrhinus
 * Subgenus Hesperosciurus
 * Western gray squirrel, Sciurus griseus
 * Subgenus Urosciurus
 * Northern Amazon red squirrel, Sciurus igniventris
 * Southern Amazon red squirrel, Sciurus spadiceus

In 2015, 15–17 species were left in the genus Sciurus after de Vivo & Carmignotto comprehensively reviewed South American Sciuridae for the first time in many decades and proposed numerous changes; synonymising some species and many subspecies, splitting another species, and naming new species. They followed Joel Asaph Allen's unsatisfying 1914 attempt in splitting the genus Sciurus by raising the South American subgenera to the rank of genus, adding Urosciurus to Hadrosciurus, and splitting the genus Guerlinguetus in three. Their taxonomic treatment might also require Sciurus deppei to be moved to Notosciurus.

A 2020 paper published on the taxonomy of Sciurinae split Sciurus into multiple new genera and elevated several subgenera. The paper included genetic sampling from almost all recognized species and recommends the following species assignments:
 * Sciurus
 * Persian squirrel, S. anomalus
 * Eurasian red squirrel, S. vulgaris
 * Japanese squirrel, S. lis
 * Hesperosciurus
 * Abert's squirrel, H. aberti
 * Western gray squirrel, H. griseus
 * Parasciurus
 * Allen's squirrel, P. alleni
 * Arizona gray squirrel, P. arizonensis
 * Mexican fox squirrel, P. nayaritensis
 * Fox squirrel, P. niger
 * Peters's squirrel, P. oculatus
 * Neosciurus
 * Eastern gray squirrel, N. carolinensis
 * Echinosciurus
 * Mexican gray squirrel, E. aureogaster
 * Collie's squirrel, E. colliaei
 * Deppe's squirrel, E. deppei
 * Variegated squirrel, E. variegatoides
 * Yucatan squirrel, E. yucatanensis
 * Simosciurus
 * S. nebouxii
 * Guayaquil squirrel, S. stramineus
 * Guerlinguetus
 * Brazilian squirrel, G. aestuans
 * G. brasiliensis
 * Hadrosciurus
 * Bolivian squirrel, H. ignitus
 * Northern Amazon red squirrel, H. igniventris
 * Junín red squirrel, H. pyrrhinus
 * Southern Amazon red squirrel, H. spadiceus

Additionally, the paper suggests moving Andean squirrel back to subtribe Microsciurina, the dwarf squirrels, and assigns it to the newly described genus Leptosciurus. The paper's findings agree with prior assessments to synonymize Richmond's squirrel into Red-tailed squirrel and reassigns the Red-tailed squirrel into the previously monotypic Asian genus Syntheosciurus, also in Microsciurina. The paper did not include genetic sampling or taxonomic suggestions for gilvigularis, meridionalis, sanborni, or flammifer.

title: Sciurus