text:
Paul Christman

Paul Joseph Christman (March 5, 1918 – March 2, 1970) was an American football quarterback. He played college football for the Missouri Tigers and professionally for the Chicago Cardinals and the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted in the second round of the 1941 NFL Draft by the Cardinals. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1956.

Collegiate career
A St. Louis native, Christman led the Missouri Tigers to a 20–8 record during his three seasons (1938–40) as their starting quarterback. He was a two-time All-American, and led the nation in touchdown passes in 1940. Christman was Missouri's all-time leading passer until 1976, when he was surpassed by Steve Pisarkiewicz. While at Mizzou, he was a member of the Kappa Sigma fraternity. His jersey number, 44, is one of seven retired by the school. In 1956, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.

NFL career
Christman made his debut in the third week of the 1945 season. Facing the Philadelphia Eagles, he went 10-of-36 for 170 yards while also being trounced for -14 yards on three rushes. He threw his first touchdown pass on October 28. He led the league in passing attempts with 219 while completing 89 for 1,147 yards with five touchdowns to fourteen interceptions. He was less fortunate on the rushing attack, running for -34 yards on 30 carries with a touchdown, with all of this being done in eight games (with Chicago winning once) that resulted in 12 fumbles (four of which he lost), which was a league high. Christman was more fortunate in his second season, which saw him throw for 1,656 yards on 100-of-229 passing with 13 touchdowns to 18 interceptions as the Cardinals went 6-5 when he played. He had his finest game as a quarterback on October 13, throwing for four touchdowns on a 20-for-34 day of 263 yards (with two interceptions) and adding a rushing touchdown to beat the Detroit Lions 36-14. He fumbled the ball 15 times and lost it 12 times. Oddly enough, he would fumble the ball eight total times in his next four seasons combined (the 35 for a career was second alltime in history when he retired).

In 1947, the arrival of halfback Charley Trippi to accompany Christman, halfback Elmer Angsman and fullback Pat Harder, completed a desire for owner Charles Bidwill to have a "Dream Backfield", which was also referred to as a "Million Dollar Backfield. That year, Christman threw for 2,191 yards with 17 touchdowns to 22 interceptions as the Cardinals managed to go 9-3. This was good enough to qualify for the 1947 NFL Championship Game, where Christman went 3-of-14 for 54 yards with two interceptions. However, the Cardinals managed to hold on anyway for a 28-21 victory, which was their first championship in two decades. During the 1948 season, Christman made a cameo appearance in the film Triple Threat alongside teammate Charley Trippi. Christman missed four games the following year, which saw him throw just 114 passes for 740 yards with five touchdowns to four interceptions that saw Chicago make it all the way back to the NFL title game. He did not play in the NFL Championship Game that year when he fractured his left wrist in the season finale against the Bears; Ray Mallouf took snaps as quarterback versus the Eagles in the title game, which they lost 7-0. He played in ten games in his final season for Chicago in 1949, which saw him throw for 1,015 yards for 11 touchdowns to 13 interceptions while having his most rushing yards as a player with 34 on four carries. He had his worst game of interceptions on October 23 against Detroit, oddly enough, where he threw for five interceptions on 6-of-17 passing. He was traded to the Green Bay Packers prior to the 1950 season. He threw for 545 times on 126 passes with seven touchdowns and interceptions each.

Broadcasting career
After retiring as a player, Christman worked as a television color commentator, first-teaming with play-by-play announcer Joe Boland to call Cardinals games for CBS in 1958 and 1959. In 1960 and 1961, he called college football games for ABC Sports alongside Curt Gowdy. In 1962, he began calling American Football League games on ABC with Gowdy, a pairing that continued after AFL rights shifted to NBC in 1965. Christman called Super Bowl I with Gowdy for NBC in January 1967. In 1968–69, he returned to CBS, teaming with Ray Scott on NFL broadcasts.

Christman also called the collegiate Orange Bowl game for several years, teaming with Boland (1960), Scott (1961), and Gowdy (1962–67). He and Gowdy then called the Rose Bowl game in 1968.

Personal
Christman's daughter is noted Scientology critic Tory Christman. His older brother was Major League Baseball infielder Mark Christman (1913–1976).

Death
Christman died three days shy of his 52nd birthday in 1970 in Lake Forest, Illinois, from a heart attack. He had a history of heart trouble and was admitted to the hospital, where he died less than two days later. Christman was buried at All Saints Cemetery in Des Plaines, and was survived by his wife Inez and three adult children.

title: Paul Christman


text:
User:MarcusPan

Who Be Me
My name is Marcus Pan. Well, actually, not really. Marcus Pan is my pen name and stage name and that's good enough for here methinks.

By day I'm a Technical Writer for a major tech company in New Jersey. I also reside in NJ as well with my wife, Laura, and three children, Sophia, Felicia and Joshua. I'm a music journalist and editor of Legends Magazine. I also play bass guitar for Manhattan goth rock band Bitter Grace. I coach girls' soccer teams on weekends.

What Me Wiki
When I get tired of writing long winded articles on the technical ramifications of farting on a VoIP line and whether or not the low-decibel Herz level of the fartation will be properly carried and handled by the switch at the hub of the pub...which as you can imagine is typically daily...I come here and copyedit or write something different. Most of the articles I'd write for Wikipedia will probably be related in some way to music. Obscure album and band entries, music labels...things like that. Mostly. Who knows...I've written bunches of anything over the years.

Another thing I tend to do is copyedit. I have a fixation for grammar and punctuation that borders on the pedantic and it's not unusual at all for me to be reading an article I looked up out of pure interest and decide to set the commas to rights. It's a byproduct of being the editor of Legends. If you looked at my contributions page you'll note the significant number of minor edits that are just this sort of thing.

What Say You
Direct any comments or criticisms, lambastings and pot roastings, finger pointing and nose picking, fart knocking and bum bubbelling to my Talk page. I'm quite a likable fellow. That could be a lie.

Writ Do I
Favorite articles that I've written from scratch:

 * Bitter Grace
 * Club Rare
 * Legends Magazine
 * Album: God and the Abyss
 * Album: Shimmer
 * Album: The Blind Watchmaker

Stuffawattagation
Additionally, when I get tired of moving around commas, writing about the latest album from obscure music groups or otherwise delving here, I'll go to Uncyclopedia and, in the words of Arthur Dent, decide to go mad for a little while.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:MarcusPan


text:
User talk:Biohzrd

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions, or the ones you have yet to make! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.
 * User:Redwolf24/Bootcamp My own personal summarized Bootcamp.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24 (Talk) 23:04, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

P.S. I like messages :-P

P.P.S. and as for that image you uploaded, see WP:ICT and tag it as appropriate or it may be deleted. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 23:04, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

EBS Slide...
Just a curious question for you, where did you originally acquire the image of the EBS slide for the Emergency Broadcast System article? This is the exact same slide the local CBS affiliate where I live (KXMB) used for EBS tests when I was a kid back in the 80s (and probably much earlier as well), and possibly used by other stations nationwide also. I'd like to find a higher resolution version of this slide (preferably 720x480 or 640x480)... misternuvistor 03:45, 21 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Hey, thanks for getting back to me on this, and for the JPEGS! Yes, I've been thinking about contacting KXMB as well to see if they have this slide (and possibly others) laying around, as well as to seeing if they have any existing footage of my father when he worked at the station as a weatherman in the 70s as well.  But thanks again, and I'll let you know if KXMB still has this slide... misternuvistor 12:13, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for posting the EBS slide. I'm currently working on a book about Cold War graphics and found the .jpg really useful. Have you any other slides or related EBS materials?

Thanks again! bchan 12:13, 14 Jan 2006

bchan 15 Jan 2006
 * Message received. Thanks for the reply!

File source problem with File:Ebs logo.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:Ebs logo.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the page from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of the website's terms of use of its content. If the original copyright holder is a party unaffiliated with the website, that author should also be credited. Please add this information by editing the image description page.

If the necessary information is not added within the next days, the image will be deleted. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem.

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title: User talk:Biohzrd


text: Category:Molecular dynamics

title: Category:Molecular dynamics


text:
User:Rmhaydensmith

DIGITAL HISTORY/STORYTELLING PROJECT

Agencies: UC Davis 4-H CYD and UC Cooperative Extension

Framers: Aarti, Jim, Rose

Target Audience: Teens

Framing Activity Scheduled for 10/10/05 here.

FIVE CATEGORIES/THEMES/PROMPTS: EDUCATION, PERSONAL STORIES, FICTION, COMMUNITY, TECHNOLOGY

To consider:

FORMAT GUIDE (BASED ON AARTI AND JIM'S POSTER)

Chapter 1: Introduction and Rationale Why this curriculum? Goals and Applications Include themes fo power and ethics related to storytelling

Chapter 2: Modes of presentations. What audiences? Chapter 3: Technical chapter:  How to do stories? What media (Print, Digital, visual, etc) Question of multiple languages. Chapter 4: Topics:  Ideas for Stories (Educational, Community, Cultural, Historical, Fiction) Chapter 5: Application and Techniques;  How to teach others; literacy; collaboration; creating dialogues; cultural exchange.

Curriculum or Guide:

Format: * Resource page at end of every chapter. * Age level appropriate.

- Project Scope - Rationale/Goals - Why Storytelling? - Audience - Cultural Artifacts/Preservation - Cultural Exchange - the role of language - Making Meaning - Place Making - Oral History
 * 1. Introduction - Aarti

- Oral History - Audience/Presentation - Cultural Exchange - Public History - Ethics
 * 2. Organizing Your Story/Project - How To

- Different Media/Genres - Presentation - audience, objects, artifacts - Examples - Resources: Joe Lambert's book
 * 3. Technical How-To - Rose/Josh Greenberg

* Prompts - Educational - Community - Personal Stories - Fiction - Technology
 * 4. Topic Ideas

- Teaching Others the Process - Ongoing dialogue: social justice, issues of power, race, ethnicity, social change - provide a venue. - Collaboration - Public History - Cultural Exchange - Literacy (reading/writing/techno)
 * 5. Techniques/Applications

- Careers - Workforce Development
 * 6. Enhancement/Add-Ons

Resources:

 * GMU Toolbox

 * Sandboxes

 * Wikipedia

** http://www.chnm.gmu.edu ** http://www.oaklanddusty.org ** http://www.storycenter.org ** http://www.digitalstories.org
 * Websites

 * Dusty

 * Center for Digital Storytelling

 * Foxfire

Philosophies and Goals:

 * Process as important as product

 * Accessible

 * Link to/support other projects (Enfield/Eubanks)

 * Free tools/shareware

 * Local and cross-geographic/organizational collaboration optimal

 * Enhance literacy and techno-literacy

 * Youth-ownership

Potential Partnerships

 * CHNM

 * Foothill Tech (Ventura)

Fantasies:

 * Hosted on CHNM website to make it a national curriculum

Funding:

 * Current CYD funds?

 * Smaller part of larger project

Timeframe:

 * 10/6/05 - Conference call
 * 10/10/05 - First Framing Activity

Introduction to online curriculum
Once upon a time...

Story-telling is the one truly universal human activity. A story can be about the present - the most important events in a person’s life, or about a daily happening. It can be about one’s family or community and their experiences. Or a story can be about what happened in the past. A story can be about anything that you want to share with others.

Story-telling can happen through different ways – you hear stories from people, you read stories through books, there are film stories, and even songs and music videos have a story to tell. What is important is that a story passes on from person to person, and in this way can get told. These are somethings that happen when a story gets told about a person, place or thing.

Chapter 2 of this curriculum deals with storyboarding – that is, how to create your story outline.
 * Cultural exchange: people learn about other people and ways to do tings. The story enters their conscious experience of the world
 * Voice: the storyteller has an opportunity to share something that is important to them.
 * Teaching: stories are sometimes told because they have a lesson to teach. You can use the story to get people to think about an important social issue.
 * Learning literacy skills: when you practice telling a story you simultaneously learn to write about something that you’re interested in.

What is digital storytelling?

The internet is another way in which we can share and listen to other people’s stories. Digital story-telling means using the computer to tell a story. Digital media are computer software, audio as well as video media. This means that when you tell a story you can use images, audio and video clips in your story. Documentaries, short movies, music videos and personal stories can all be created on the computer and posted on the internet to share with the world. With all these options, you can choose the media you want to use to express yourself.

Chapter 3 talks about the different media available for different kinds of digital story-telling projects.

Whats the story?

Young people have used digital media to create stories about various things. Chapter 4 gives ideas and resources for a range of topics for your story. The topic ideas have been divided into different categories of story-telling such as fiction, making history, family and community life, educational etc.

Passing on the legend

Once you have successfully created a story, what next? If you want to share your story to a wider audience there are many ways to do it. For instance if you have created a story about the history of your community, the best places to showcase this might be at a community meeting, or at a local museum. Ch 5 gives ideas for the application of your story as well as other ideas to build a strong story-telling program, such as teaching other teenagers, using this program to build technological literacy and collaborating with others.

The ideas behind this curriculum

With all the resources that are ‘out there’ on the internet about digital storytelling, there is no need to re-invent the wheel. This online curriculum, by bringing together existing resources aims to serve as a preliminary guideline for youth who can then continuously take this work to the next level by adding their feedback and experiences.

--Aartisubramaniam 22:37, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

--Rmhaydensmith 23:04, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Rmhaydensmith


text:
Category:United Kingdom defence procurement

This category is for articles about defence procurement for the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence.

Note: Articles that are not specifically about procurement (e.g. articles about UK-developed weapon systems and vehicles) should be categorized elsewhere in Category:Military equipment of the United Kingdom.


text:
SALLI

SALLI - United Sex Professionals of Finland (Seksialan Liitto SALLI) is a union of sex workers in Finland, founded on November 17, 2002. Its main aim is to solve the problems of the sex industry and to give out information about sexually transferred diseases.

The organization states that SALLI works for the human rights of sex workers; on its web site, the organization is described as more of a human rights organization than a workers' union.

title: SALLI


text:
Immaculate Machine

Immaculate Machine was a Canadian indie pop band from Victoria, British Columbia, active from 2003 to 2011.

The band's name is taken from the lyrics of "One-Trick Pony" from the album One-Trick Pony by Paul Simon.

History
Immaculate Machine was a trio in 2003 consisting of Brooke Gallupe, Kathryn Calder and Luke Kozlowski. The band released The View and Transporter independently before signing to label Mint Records in early 2005.

Their Mint Records debut, Ones and Zeros, came out on September 6, 2005, and they supported the album with a tour of Canada and the United States. That year, Calder became a member of The New Pornographers, appearing on the album Twin Cinema and touring with the band. She is the niece of New Pornographers leader A.C. Newman.

In early June 2007, the band's song "Jarhand", the first single from their third album Immaculate Machine's Fables, was featured as the iTunes free single of the week.

In 2009, Kozlowski left the band and was replaced by Aden Collinge. As well, due to family commitments, Calder was unable to tour the band's latest album, High on Jackson Hill. To compensate for this, a touring band was formed consisting of Caitlin Gallupe, Brooke's sister, Jordan Minkoff, bandmate of Caitlin in Slam Dunk, and occasionally Leslie Rewega.

Members

 * Brooke Gallupe (2003–2011)
 * Kathryn Calder (2003–2011)
 * Luke Kozlowski (2003–2009)
 * Aden Collinge (2009–2011)
 * Caitlin Gallupe (2009–2011)
 * Jordan Minkoff (2009–2011)
 * Leslie Rewega (2009–2011)

Singles

 * Won't Be Pretty (7" single) (2008)

EPs

 * The View (2003)
 * Les Uns Mais Pas Les Autres (2006)

Albums

 * Transporter (2004)
 * Ones and Zeros (2005)
 * Immaculate Machine's Fables (2007)
 * High on Jackson Hill (2009)

title: Immaculate Machine


text:
Talk:Halo effect

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Update
The bit about AMD processors not being better than Intels... sounds like bias to me. 71.115.103.59 17:04, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

It is called the reverse halo effect not devil effect. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Liquidblue8388 (talk • contribs) 16:59, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I reverted an edit mentioning the 'devil effect' and 'horn effect' because it was a cut-and-paste job; however googling shows that both terms do appear to be widely used. I haven't seen as much mention if any of the 'reverse halo effect' outside of this article. Lord Spring Onion (talk) 22:12, 30 October 2010 (UTC)

"The halo effect is very common among physically attractive individuals." So it's not felt by unattractive individuals? Why is there a photo of a serial killer with a caption that suggests KNOWING he's a serial killer will affect whether or not he's viewed as attractive? Isn't that the dead opposite of what the introduction is claiming? Sorry to say it but this entire article reads like it was written by 3 people with 3 very different understandings of what the halo effect actually is. As I understand it, and to put it bluntly, the halo effect directly states "beauty implies intelligence", not "stupidity implies ugliness" or "ugliness implies stupidity" or "intelligence implies beauty". We can conclude the latter 3, but that's not what the halo effect is actually stating. There needs to be an agreement as to whether we're trying to make the statement that the halo effect is simply the general trend to correlate groups of positive traits with each other, and groups of negative traits with each other, OR an agreement that there are in fact 4 forces at work here; good physical traits imply good social traits, good social traits imply good physical traits, bad physical traits imply bad social traits, and bad social traits imply bad physical traits. If the halo effect is in fact a general grouping of positive and negative traits, why would a phrase like "the horns effect" even exist? Wouldn't the assumption that an ugly person is unsocial still fall in the realm of the halo effect? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 61.171.83.193 (talk) 06:19, 14 December 2011 (UTC)

Why to modify?
In what sense u talk to update in the form of halo effect in photoshops like that or in the same meanng in educationl aresearch? Dr KS Sajan

I agree with Nick, I have a very different idea of the "Halo effect." As it states in the List of cognitive biases, "the tendency for a person's positive or negative traits to 'spill over' from one area of their personality to another in others' perceptions of them." This goes for not just physical appearance, it's for everything. For example, take an awesome basketball player like Michael Jordan- many people I've met think he's the perfect person, is the most intelligent person they know, etc. but it's an example of the Halo effect. Is Jordan intelligent? He might well be, it doesn't really matter. Those people attribute his (great) skill in his sport to everything. I can list a ton of examples, but I think you get the picture. It's more than just appearance. -Chewbacca 05:44, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

I just want to point out that as a common expression "halo effect" often refers to "chromatic abberation." Perhaps a disambiguation is in order? 68.55.41.66 R. Collins

I see no reason to merge the articles on the Halo Effect and Halo Vehicles. The effect is a cognitive/psychological effect, whereas a halo vehicle is a marketing or advertising gimmick. I can see how the two are related, but they are separate concepts. Someone doing psychological research might be confused if they start reading about halo vehicles while searching for the halo effect (and vise versa).

I agree. The idea of merging a psychological concept with an advertising gimmick is ridiculous. I was confused when I saw that someone suggested that. I'm researching implicit cognition and its relation to the halo effect, and I have no interest in advertising, thanks. -Sam

Confusing
I read:

"A common example of the halo effect is when a person is assumed to be smart because he or she is wearing spectacles. Another is that good-looking schoolchildren (or good looking people versus plain looking people) are assumed to be less clever."

and changed 'less' to 'more', thinking that it was an error - surely the halo effect means that one positive quality (good looks) causes observers to overestimate another positive quality (intelligence), so it should read 'more clever'. But then I read 'However it is believed that most beautiful people have an intelligence below the mean' in the article Physical attractiveness stereotype, which actually contradicts the halo effect (unless one regards intelligence as a negative quality).

I've changed this article back to read 'less clever', but this is not, then, an example of the Halo effect. Can someone who knows about this look at it and decide which it should be? It's confusing at the moment. --Squiddy | (squirt ink?)  14:53, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

 * A while ago that text had been commented out. I also disagree with the text, as it doesn't seem to be relevant so I removed it completely - Jack · talk · 17:40, Wednesday, 7 February 2007

Removing proposed Merger#2
The proposal to merge Halo Vehicle and Halo effect was voted down. The proposal to merge Physical attractiveness stereotype into Halo effect, made over a year ago, doesn't appear to have been addressed, other than that the Phys.Attr article has a needs-re-org note on top.

Since there are non-psychology uses for the term Halo effect, and they're already overshadowed, adding more on this (psychology) matter would be overwhelming. Trink24 (talk) 23:31, 1 August 2017 (UTC)

Merge with Halo vehicle

 * Oppose - While the halo vehicles may make use of the effect, the two topics are too different to be merged, and the vehicle article's volume would overwhelm this one Jack · talk · 17:40, Wednesday, 7 February 2007
 * Strong Oppose - As stated by Jack that the vehicles make use of the effect, there is much distinction in place to make the halo vehicles more than simply an exemplar. -- Dcflyer 18:08, 8 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose - Agreed to the above; the halo effect is the discussion of a psychological concept, while halo vehicles are a specific category within the automotive industry. Merging into halo effect does a disservice to the automobile articles that link to and are listed in accordance with the halo vehicle article. Enigma3542002 07:17, 6 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose -The Halo Vehicle is long enough that it is different enough to not merge. And I agree with all of the above ideas. --Heero Kirashami 23:34, 11 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Strong Oppose —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.116.42.152 (talk • contribs)

 * Given the unanimous list of opposing voices to the merge, and since a significant period has lapsed (7 months+ since the January 2007 proposal), I have removed the merge tags from both articles. Enigma3542002 08:11, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 04:04, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

halo effect: it is the tendency of an individual of judging others from a single trait. for example:an introvert will be intelligent. fasionable will be clever! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 117.96.7.120 (talk) 03:07, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

References in Literature
The halo effect was a largely noted theme in Scott Westerfelds, the Uglies Series. I was wondering if it would be ok to use this as a possible section on here or if it would be a little irrelevant. --71.199.191.189 (talk) 17:34, 4 April 2009 (UTC)````

Doctors are a good way to demonstrate the Halo Effect
I wasn't going to post this, but since others are in the middle of it all I'll throw in my opnion. I didn't like the article because first it's first sentence didn't use plain language to establish the basic idea (which I think is important), instead it immediately launched into another word which most people would need to look up in order to understand.

Then, the examples cited are kind of ponderous, not instinctive, which makes understanding the definition even more difficult (for the layman).

I first heard the phrase being used in reference to a Doctor. He was constantly being held out as an authority on numerous topics where the fact that he was a doctor would have given his opinion no more credibility than anyone else. While I can start from there, and understand how the iPod makes other Apple products look "better", if I did not have this more basic understanding of how deferential people are to people with titles (and doctors in particular) it would have made understanding the concept more difficult. The big psychological terms confuse the definition even further. I'm not saying they shouldn't BE there, it's just a matter of placment, timing, structure, etc...

99.137.251.249 (talk) 06:34, 18 January 2010 (UTC)Jonny Quick

chopped from intro
I chopped this from the intro:

Halo effects happen especially if the perceiver does not have enough information about all traits, so that he makes assumptions based on one or two prominent traits—these one or two prominent traits "overshadow" other traits, similar to the radiation of light in optical halo effects or halos in iconography (rings of light around someone's head).

Because, as I understand it, the halo effect means that people will overrate traits that they DO have information about, provided the subject has high ratings in other traits. Ashmoo (talk) 15:00, 19 October 2010 (UTC)

article now in serious need of editing...help...
a significant amount of material, perhaps some significant and some not, has been added over the last month. the article now needs a good editor and some rewriting. please help..... Soosim (talk) 09:04, 14 December 2011 (UTC)

Suggestions for Improvement
A more substantial introduction that incorporates some background and discusses the theory's myriad applications.

Change the photo to someone who's potentially less polarizing...Thorndike?

A 'Background' section discussing the theory's historical roots (possibly incorporating philosophy and literature).

A second section covering early explorations in the Halo Effect.

A third section detailing the explosion of research over the ensuing decades.

An exploration of applications (placing the sections on legal setting and economics under one heading). Possibly including some notable examples?

An expansion of the 'reverse Halo Effect.' If it's important enough to be a heading, there should be something substantial to say.

Challenges and criticism should close it up, and it needs to be a bit more detailed.

General notes: capitalize 'Halo Effect' throughout.

MAJOR edits needed. Typographical, grammatical, etc. errors throughout.

The entire article is VERY reference-weak, despite the numerous claims made. Many of the references are dated, and there's very little modern research cited (outside of practical applications/popular publications).

Summaries of studies need to be concise (i.e., each shouldn't take up one section) Matthew.murdoch (talk) 15:40, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

Excessive descriptions of experiments?
I recently removed a lot of excessive descriptions about the establishing the halo effect, figuring the results were more important than the methodology and that the reader could easily ready the studies themselves if they so wished. But I see Kimhaney3 has added a lot back in, and I'm hesitant to remove a someone else's work like that. But I'm a n00b, so I'll just ask: should the article keep the details on the studies' methodology? Prof. Squirrel (talk) 03:33, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

Validity of studies
does anyone else think that some of these studies are worthless. they can point to multiple things. typical humans are in many ways psychologists themselves. just because someone rates an ugly person as dumb, mean, or any other negative trait doesn't mean that their ugliness was the cause. it could be that based on reality they made the logical answer. if someone asked me if i believed that a specific ugly person was stupid and mean, i'd guess yes because humans mistreat ugly humans. in any situation, humans will prefer an equally competent attractive person over an equally competent ugly person. a life time of dealing with this would make an ugly person stupid and mean. i think the halo effect, as well as other psychological and sociological concepts, are completely confusing. i wouldn't be surprised if the halo effect existed but it seems stupid to be sure of it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.188.41.78 (talk) 20:47, 6 May 2012 (UTC)

Attractiveness and Writing
The tone of the article seems to suggest that attractive people are given higher marks.

The results of the study seem to suggest that unattractive people are unfairly punished.

The control and attractive photos, with the good essay, were nearly identical (6.6 and 6.7 out of 9). The control and attractive photos, with the bad essay, were very close (5.2 and 4.9). It was the unattractive person who received the changed result, getting 5.9 and 2.7, respectively.

As if there were almost no good halo, but unattractiveness caused people to react badly. JoshNarins (talk) 21:02, 4 June 2012 (UTC)

titles
needs to be something about the halo effect of having a title, honour or knighthood, for example someone with a title is often taken very seriously in court. --Penbat (talk) 15:20, 13 February 2013 (UTC)

Is that, though, really the 'halo effect' - or is it simply an example of markers used for status in primates? Fustbariclation (talk) 09:31, 20 October 2023 (UTC)

Suggestion
The wording in the introductory paragraph was a little confusing; however, I think it would be less confusing if there was an example given after the definition of halo effect. For instance, you could say, "For example, some people are rated and or seen as being more intelligent if they are attractive than someone who is less attractive." This example would not only help people to better understand your definition of a halo effect, but it would also help them to understand what you meant when you said "subsequent researchers have studied it in relation to attractiveness and its bearing on the judicial and educational systems." L.Warren18 (talk) 17:17, 13 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Sounds good to me LookingGlass (talk) 12:52, 14 September 2013 (UTC)

Intro
I've found that the sentence that explains the first time this phrase is used has no citation or no link to where it is, simply stating "a paper in 1920". I'd like to research what paper this is referencing, and if not found I'd like to find something separate. NicoletteLynne (talk) 14:39, 3 October 2017 (UTC)

The second sentence implies that it is the definition, however it is merely a version of the definition. NicoletteLynne (talk) 14:41, 3 October 2017 (UTC)

Needs an overhaul
We have generated a liteature review here in WP - this page gathers a bunch of primary sources and synthesizes them; but this violates the WP:SYN policy. This needs to be reworked, using literature reviews and summarizing what they say. Jytdog (talk) 17:35, 18 March 2018 (UTC)

Question
Since when was the halo effect only positive. To the knowledge that I have from psychology, halo effect paraphrased is 'an impression of a certain attribute creates the association with attributes of similar characteristic'... where does this differentiation between positive and negative come from aka horn effect Is the guardian really a credible source for psychology?

Reverse halo effect
I'm a bit late to the party, but the edit this edit from 2017 is misleading. The term "reverse halo effect" is still commonly used as a synonym of "horns effect", recent literature with other usage notwithstanding. --Brilliand (talk) 20:21, 9 August 2020 (UTC)

The use of the term "Gestalt"
The article says in the first paragraph of "Psychology" in the "Context and applications" section 'someone with whom they have formed a positive gestalt.', when, evidently, they actually mean a 'positive impression'. The section goes on to use the term 'gestalt' as if it means 'an impression'. This makes the section appear, unnecessarily, technical, whilst obscuring a simple point. I suggest that 'Gestalt' is corrected to 'impression' in that section. Fustbariclation (talk) 09:29, 20 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Halo effect


text:
Talk:The Backyardigans

"Legacy" title...
The "Legacy" section only talks about the recent trend on TikTok making videos out of two songs, which is not indicative of the show's entire legacy. It seems to give "Undue Weight" to that one meme trend, and at the very least, it shouldn't be titled "Legacy". Can I take those two sentences out, or at least rename the section, since it's so unbalanced right now? -- DBK (talk) 21:29, 5 July 2021 (UTC)

Character ordering
There seems to be a disagreement about the cast ordering with multiple edits back and forth.

According to Manual of Style/Television, the character order should be based on the "the original broadcast credits". The broadcast credits at the end of the show are just in alphabetical order and include more voice actors than the main cast so I don't think that settles the question. However, I think the theme song and procession of characters at the start of the show pretty clearly supports the following order:

1. "Hi, I'm Pablo"

2. "My name's Tyrone"

3. "I'm Uniqua"

4. "I'm Tasha"

5. "And my name is Austin"

I propose that the article settle on that order. -- Daniel Quinlan (talk) 00:31, 6 November 2022 (UTC)

 * Looks good to me. Geraldo Perez (talk) 00:34, 6 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Thank you. I went ahead and made that change and I also added a comment in the text. Daniel Quinlan (talk) 00:48, 6 November 2022 (UTC)

The first order (Uniqua, Pablo, Tyrone, Tasha, Austin) was based on the original order used by NickJr.com (archive link - view source if Flash doesn't load) and Nick's character guide, which also reflect the characters' appearances (Uniqua appears in every episode, Pablo is absent for one episode, etc.). Since this was the order set by the production company, could we restore that order and just add a comment that it's based on those factors? (Plus, the pilot had Uniqua introduce herself first and then point to the others, if that means anything.) Squittens (talk) 13:46, 6 November 2022 (UTC)

 * Following the manual of style, the show is what should be used. The manual of style is very clear:
 * "Please keep in mind that though 'main' cast members are determined by the series producers (not by popularity, screen time, or episode count) and generally have a set order in the credits, recurring and guest stars will not necessarily be credited in the same order in each episode in which they appear, so their place in the list should be based on the order of credits in the first episode that they appear. The cast listing should not contain an episode count, e.g. (6 episodes) or (episodes 1–6), to indicate the number of episodes in which the actor or character appeared."
 * I added the boldface type. In addition, if you go to the Paramount (the company that owns Nickelodeon) page for the show, they are listed in the same order as the show: Pablo, Tyrone, Uniqua, Tasha and Austin.
 * Finally, if you look at historical versions of this wiki, they used the same order:
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Backyardigans&oldid=56205923#Characters_&_voice_cast
 * The order should never have been changed based on episode count. Daniel Quinlan (talk) 21:55, 7 November 2022 (UTC)
 * That rule is talking about credits though, which don't give an order as they're alphabetical. The rule says to use the order "determined by the series producers," which in this case is Nick Jr. The (revised) intro is just one source that falls under that description. The other sources direct from the series' producers (Nick Jr's old website, the character guide) use the Uniqua-first order, and so did the original pilot, if we're going by who introduces themselves first. Squittens (talk) 00:37, 8 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Season 1 episode 1 has the same Pablo, Tyrone, Uniqua, Tasha and Austin ordering. It's not a revised opening, it's the opening. It's the one consistent place where the characters are listed in each episode and it's the same in every episode. Daniel Quinlan (talk) 01:56, 8 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I was talking about the original 2002 pilot where Uniqua introduces herself first and then points to the others, not the first season (2004), but both are just characters introducing themselves and not "credits" determined by the series producers. The production company used the Uniqua-first order on its website and character guide, so those are valid sources too. Squittens (talk) 02:09, 8 November 2022 (UTC)
 * The 2002 pilot isn't relevant. Even if it was, the pilot only included three of the five main characters, only a few images and extremely short clips (a few seconds long at most) seem to be available, and sources of information about the pilot are all pretty low quality. I don't see how it's possible to get an ordering of the five main characters for a 2004 show from a 2002 pilot that isn't available.
 * The character guide seems like a valid secondary or tertiary source, but I don't think it's sufficient to override the show's introduction from every single episode. The last page's summary has them ordered (left to right) as Tyrone, Pablo, Uniqua, Tasha, and Austin (which is actually closer to the show ordering) so it's not even internally consistent. Daniel Quinlan (talk) 02:52, 8 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I'd say ignore the pilot, not really part of the series proper. The opening sequence showing a consistent order is in the primary source. Basically the most important thing we need is something we can point to that we agree on and that makes verification somewhat easy. Idea is to keep the article stable and grounded on something easy to explain and justify. Geraldo Perez (talk) 03:08, 8 November 2022 (UTC)
 * True, but I do think that the NickJr.com/character guide order qualifies as something easy to explain and justify/verify too. We could add a comment "The characters are ordered based on Nick Jr's website and character guide." Squittens (talk) 14:24, 9 November 2022 (UTC)
 * The current ordering in the article is the most consistent with the manual of style. Ordering based on supplementary materials or a dead website doesn't make any sense to me. Daniel Quinlan (talk) 05:40, 10 November 2022 (UTC)

Jumping in here - as an editor on the Backyardigans Wiki, I have some more insight about this. (I noticed an IP change the characters' order against the order used in the cited sources -- both sources in the "Plot" section use the order with Uniqua first.) The show's creator, Janice Burgess, said in interviews that she was based on herself and was the "main" character out of the five. That explains why she's often listed first on official summaries, and why she's the only character to appear in every episode. It also agrees with the show's website back when it was up - I don't really agree with calling it a dead website, since it was the show's official site during its run. In the absence of ordered end credits, it's really up to the sources, since these are all official sources from the creators. FunhausFrank (talk) 18:25, 23 November 2022 (UTC)

 * As stated in the manual of style, the ordering of cast members is not based on episode count. It's also not based on which character the producer based on themselves. The manual of style says to use the order used by the producers which is pretty clearly the order of the theme song and procession of characters in the show introduction. The article needs an order for all 5 main characters and the show itself is the most consistent and most important source for that. There are many shows where the most important character is not the first character listed. For example, look at The O.C. which puts Sandy Cohen and Kirsten Cohen ahead of Ryan Atwood because that's the order in the show introduction. The show is centered on Ryan Atwood (and the article mentions that), but that doesn't mean Ryan Atwood needs to be listed first. Daniel Quinlan (talk) 22:19, 23 November 2022 (UTC)

It looks like the producers used the Uniqua-first order, though, with the show's official website and their character guide. I was just adding that the producers' order aligns with the approach the creator took, with Uniqua called the "main" character/leader, but the sources are more important as we can easily use them to back up the ordering. A very similar Nick Jr. example would be PAW Patrol, which also has alphabetical end credits. It has the main dogs introduced in the theme song by a different order (lyrics are "Marshall, Rubble, Chase, Rocky, Zuma, Skye") than what Wikipedia uses (Chase, Marshall, Skye, Rocky, Rubble, Zuma). That Wikipedia page uses the order used by the producers/NickJr.com with the leader of the dogs (Chase) first instead of whoever is named first in the theme song. I would support doing the same here, going back to the Uniqua-first order, as it's in line with the Manual of Style (following other sources from the producers in the absence of ordered end credits). FunhausFrank (talk) 02:13, 10 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I said before that a comment like "The characters are ordered based on Nick Jr's website and character guide." would be good. All the page really needs is an order that is backed up by a source. Pointing to these sources makes verification easy and will "keep the article stable and grounded on something easy to explain and justify." Squittens (talk) 05:06, 12 December 2022 (UTC)

End Date
After a couple edits and reverts it got me curious as to what the actual end date of the show is. The citation in the Episode section is an Amazon link. I found this TV Guide episode list that shows the final episode airing May 31, 2010. Here Yet on the top of the page it says 2004-2013. Hopefully we can find a good clear source. Elvisisalive95 (talk) 22:36, 29 February 2024 (UTC)

 * @Elvisisalive95, The show ended in 2010, because the last episode, Tale of the Not-So-Nice Dragon, aired on May 3rd, 2010. So, I don't know why there are still edit wars and disputes about this. 70.50.199.125 (talk) 22:45, 10 March 2024 (UTC)
 * What do you think @EvergreenFir?? Elvisisalive95 (talk) 22:48, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

Last Episode
The last episode of the show, Tale of the Not-So-Nice Dragon, was released in May 3, 2010, so it should be changed to say the show ran from 2004-2010 instead of 2004-2013. 70.50.199.125 (talk) 22:21, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Backyardigans


text: User talk:70.24.65.30

title: User talk:70.24.65.30


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Phoenix Cult

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DESTROY. — J I P | Talk 15:51, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Phoenix Cult
NN band. Vanity page. 202.156.6.60 23:06, 8 October 2005 (UTC) DON'T DESTROY THIS!
 * delete as bandity. — brighterorange  (talk) 23:14, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Andrew pmk | Talk 23:26, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above comments. Quicksandish τκ 00:05, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
National Assembly of People's Power

The National Assembly of People's Power (Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular) is the supreme organ of power of the Republic of Cuba. It is the only branch of government in the state, and per the principle of unified power, all state organs are subservient to it. It is currently composed of 470 representatives who are elected from multi-member electoral districts for a term of five years called consejos populares. The current President of the Assembly is Esteban Lazo Hernández. The Assembly only meets twice a year, with the 31-member Council of State exercising legislative power throughout the rest of the year. The most recent elections were held on 26 March 2023. The number of deputies was reduced from 605 to 470 for the 2023 election.

Liberal democracy is not practiced in Assembly elections in post-1959 revolutionary Cuba because the ruling Communist Party of Cuba (PCC) government does not permit competitive elections. Cuba is a one-party state, with the PCC being described as the "superior driving force of the society and the state" in the Constitution of Cuba, and all other political parties are illegal. There is only one candidate for each seat in the Assembly, and all candidates are nominated by committees that are firmly controlled by the PCC. Voters can either select individual candidates on their ballot, select every candidate, or leave every question blank, but voters have no option to vote against candidates. During the 2013 elections, around 80% of voters selected every candidate for the Assembly on their ballot, while 4.6% of voters submitted a blank ballot; no candidate for the Assembly has ever lost an election in Cuban history.

Overview
The Assembly is a unicameral (one-chamber) parliament and the only body in Cuba that is vested with both constituent and legislative authority (although the government may pass decrees that have the force of law). It holds two regular sessions a year, which are public unless the Assembly itself votes to hold them behind closed doors for reasons of state. It has permanent commissions to look after issues of legislative interest at times when the Assembly is not in session.

Under the Constitution of Cuba, the Assembly is the "supreme body of state power" in Cuba. The National Assembly has the power to amend the Constitution; to pass, amend, and repeal laws; to debate and approve national plans for economic development, the State budget, credit and financial programs; and to set guidelines for domestic and foreign policies. It hears the reports from national government and administration agencies and can also grant amnesties. Among its permanent or temporary commissions are those in charge of issues concerning the economy, the sugar industry, food production, industries, transportation and communications, constructions, foreign affairs, public health, defense, and interior order. The National Assembly also has permanent departments that oversee the work of the Commissions, Local Assemblies, Judicial Affairs, and Administration.

History
During the existence of the First Republic, Cuba had a bicameral legislature, that – consisting of the Senate (upper house) and House of Representatives (lower house) – was modeled after the United States. Its sessions were held in El Capitolio from 1929 to 1959.

The Assembly originated from the nationwide elections held in 1976 following the ratification of the 1976 Constitution. Elected officials, according to the procedures established by law, met for the first time on 2 December 1976, thus formally setting up the Cuban Parliament. The Constitution, approved in a constitutional referendum on 14 February 1976, empowered the National Assembly as the supreme body of State power.

Elections

 * See main article: Elections in Cuba

The assembly representatives are elected from each district across Cuba every five years. Half of the candidates are nominated at public meetings before gaining approval from electoral committees, while the other half are nominated by public solidarity organizations (such as trade unions, farmers' organizations, and students' unions).

In keeping with the provisions of the Constitution, the Assembly itself elects the 31 members of the Council of State; their terms expire when a new Assembly is elected. The assembly elects the President and Vice President of the Republic, and also the Secretary of the Council of State, who must report to the National Assembly on all its work and tasks. It also elects the Prime Minister and the members of the Council of Ministers, the Chief Justice and members of the Supreme Court, and the Attorney General's Office of Cuba.

In concordance with the 2018-19 amendments to the Constitution, by right the President of the National Assembly is president of the Council of State ex officio, with the first vice president of the Council exercising his or her duties if absent. If absent from the duties of the presidency of the Assembly, the Vice President of the National Assembly serves the office.

Composition
Up to 50% of the candidates must be chosen by the Municipal Assemblies. The candidates are otherwise proposed by nominating assemblies, which comprise representatives of workers, youth, women, students, and farmers, as well as members of the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution, after initial mass meetings soliciting a first list of names. The final list of candidates is drawn up by the National Candidature Commission taking into account criteria such as candidates' merit, patriotism, ethical values, and revolutionary history.

title: National Assembly of People's Power


text:
User talk:Rmhaydensmith

User talk page for editing: Aarti, Jim, Rose
10/10/05 Meeting --Rmhaydensmith 23:07, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Monday, Time: 1:07 pm Hello Jim and Rose, HI! I WAS EDITING THE USER PAGE AND MISSED YOUR MESSAGE...WHY DON'T WE GO TO USER PAGE AND CREATE A SCRATCH AREA AT THE TOP? I'VE INCORPORATED SOME OF YOUR NOTES INTO THE OUTLINE AND ADDED CATEGORIES

This is a test message to see if we can chat while we are online at the same time. Please respond Aartisubramaniam 20:09, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

websites
I added some web-sites to the content page. They are all great resources for digital story-telling. Aarti
 * moved from userpage ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  03:41, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Some useful Web-sites
 * http://www.chnm.gmu.edu
 * http://www.oaklanddusty.org
 * http://www.tech-head.com/dstory.htm
 * http://www.storycenter.org
 * http://www.digitalstories.org —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Aartisubramaniam (talk • contribs) 03:33, 8 October 2005   (UTC)

Welcome to the Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Rmhaydensmith


text:
Talk:Subgroup

subgroup operation or product
If in the definition of group one speaks of a generic operation *, why is so that in the definition of subgroup (or rather in the explanations below the definition, at the first property of subgroups) this operation has become a product? Is it language misuse, or is it a requirement?

Put another way: If the set of real numbers R forms a group under the operation +, with identity 0 and inverse -a, is the set of integers Z a subgroup of R under the operation +?

If so: can we speak of operator + as a product? This would be very confusing, although I could admit it as a convenient shortcut. However, in Wikipedia, we may want to guide the unexpert reader a little better.

Joan Solà (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 08:04, 2 June 2016 (UTC)

The giant Cayley tables
I'm sorry, but I feel that the giant Cayley tables need to be removed. Their inclusion makes what should be an easy task (classifying the subgroups of Z/8Z and S_4) look incredibly complicated. None of the commonly-used algebra textbooks, such as those by Artin, Dummit & Foote, Fraleigh, Lang, etc., explain subgroups by using giant tables like these. Ebony Jackson (talk) 03:34, 21 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Subgroup


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of moustached footballers

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 15:53, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

List of moustached footballers
Too specific to be encylopedaic. Why not List of Jewish moustached footballers in the 4th Division of the Mongolian lady's league? It's midnight here, I'm going to bed now. Hope I haven't offended anyone! Dl yo ns 493  Ta lk  23:07, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I doubt it that there's a correlation between presence of a moustache and the performance of a football (soccer) player. Andrew pmk | Talk 23:25, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Yet another pointless article. Denni ☯ 01:22, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Trivial, and not all moustaches are permanent. Flowerparty ■ 04:01, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete ListCruft at its worst --JAranda | yeah 04:21, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Pointless, hopelessly incomplete and John Jensen was usually clean-shaven anyway! Keresaspa 13:40, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as the very definition of listcruft. MCB 19:39, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless backed up with pictures :{o the wub  "?!"  16:20, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. What an absolutely silly list. I laughed, though. - A Man In Black (conspire | past ops) 03:09, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Arcan~enwiki

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Renamed
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Nomination of Before Jerusalem Fell for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Before Jerusalem Fell is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Before Jerusalem Fell until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

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title: User talk:Arcan~enwiki


text:
Talk:Federal Triangle station

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title: Talk:Federal Triangle station


text:
Talk:Smithsonian station

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title: Talk:Smithsonian station


text:
Talk:L'Enfant Plaza station

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L'Enfant VRE station
From what I can tell from going through my sources:
 * WaPo only lists the station for VRE service
 * Amtrak lists Union Station as the only station it serves within the District of Columbia

Thus I've removed the Amtrak references for L'Enfant Plaza. I have the feeling that if Amtrak trains go through L'Enfant Plaza, they do so without stopping, and that if the NE Regional goes through there, the Cardinal likely also passes through the station without stopping. SchuminWeb (Talk) 20:16, 11 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Actually, you missed one Amtrak related parameter, but I got it. Evidently, some anonymous IP claimed that the Northeast Regional stopped here. DanTD (talk) 22:18, 11 August 2010 (UTC)

Station layout
On the upper level of the station, there is actually 2 side platforms with the tracks in the center, not an island platform like the one on the lower level. Sam.gov (talk) 15:04, 27 February 2014 (UTC)

I fixed this. Sam.gov (talk) 07:06, 18 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the fix. Epicgenius (talk) 16:04, 18 March 2014 (UTC)

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Two stations in one area
This article is for the Metro station, L'Enfant Plaza. The VRE station, L'Enfant, is a separate entity, and is likely to see a separate article. The VRE and Metro stations are not directly connected. One is located on top of the other. They do not have the same exact name. There is no transfer ability of one ticket to another. Neither of the two are located in the plaza itself. Alexandria Union Station and the adjacent King Street–Old Town station, along with Union Station (Washington Metro) and Washington Union Station are two similar examples. Group29 (talk) 12:34, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * See also Grand Central Station (disambiguation)
 * Given the proximity and connectivity of the two stations, and that neither the Metro or VRE station would have a particularly lengthy article on its own, I think it's best to discuss them as a single station complex. Of the two in the region that do have separate articles, Washington Union Station has a very long article due to its history and architectural complexity, making it best to have a separate article for the Metro station; with Alexandria, merging the two articles might not be a bad idea. (Note that other station complexes in the region - Greenbelt, College Park, Franconia/Springfield, Silver Spring, Rockville, New Carrolton, etc - do have single combined articles.) I've gotten Oakland Coliseum station and Balboa Park station, both station complexes that discuss different modes, to GA, so there's clearly precedent for keeping the single article. Please also note that city plans discuss it as a single station complex, with a single headhouse for both VRE and Metro being considered.

 * I have reverted your edits again because of several issues with them. One, you have been removing substantial amounts of useful and cited information. Two, station layout diagrams are depreciated in most cases, as they have severe accessibility issues and take up large amounts of space. Pi.1415926535 (talk) 07:49, 30 May 2022 (UTC)
 * The Maryland Ave Southwest Plan (2012) states, "Pedestrian access to the Metro and commuter rail station, however is disjointed and cumbersome." No mention is made of a future "headhouse", nor any sort of common station building. The word "intuitive" is used four times in the publication in order to describe what the current arrangement is not. A comparison of the edit history does not seem to corroborate the substantial removal accusation. The station layout diagram already was present, and it is not yet removed, even from the complete reversion. You are correct, the diagram is taking up a large amount of space, and is not representative of the layout. You have removed references. However, they still exist as the two separate external links. Notably, the external links show two separate web sites, when usually one is sufficient for the official website. Also, there are multiple external links to Google street view for both entities. With the use of the Oakland Coliseum and Balboa Park as examples, you have landed on what this is, which is a station complex. That helps. Thanks, Group29 (talk) 13:33, 26 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:L'Enfant Plaza station


text:
Frank Butcher

Frank Butcher is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Mike Reid. Frank makes his first appearance on-screen as a guest character in 1987, but due to a positive viewer reception, he is reintroduced in 1988 as a regular. Reid took a long hiatus from EastEnders in 1994 and Frank remained off-screen for over a year and a half. Frank made his return as a recurring character from December 1995 to January 1998. Frank eventually becomes a regular once again from May 1998 to November 2000, when Reid quit the show. Frank makes three brief reappearances after that, the final one in December 2005. Following Reid's death in July 2007, Frank died off-screen and the character was celebrated with a special week of episodes in April 2008.

Frank is a wheeler-dealer who likes to think of himself as a "big player" in the business world, but in reality, he is little more than a wily conman. He is a smooth-talker and full of charm, but his actions are often thoughtless and he tends to run instead of facing up to his responsibilities, leaving his loved ones to pick up the pieces. His love affair with Pat Harris (Pam St Clement) stems back to his teens, and he can never quite let her go, always breaking her heart, disappearing, and returning to break it all over again.

Backstory
Frank started out as a used-car salesman. He met Pat Harris (Pam St Clement) at Butlins in Clacton in 1958 and, despite being on holiday with his girlfriend June Simmonds, he was attracted to Pat. They had a passionate affair but June became pregnant, so he married her and broke Pat's heart. Frank and Pat met up from time to time and on each occasion the affair was rekindled, but Frank would not leave June; Pat eventually married and had two children of her own. Frank and June had four children: Clare (Lucy Foxell/Caroline O'Neill) in 1959, Ricky (Sid Owen) in 1973, Diane (Sophie Lawrence) in 1974, and Janine (Rebecca Michael, Alexia Demetriou, Charlie Brooks) in 1983. June died of cancer in 1987 (although upon Frank's introduction, he says she died of a heart attack), leaving Frank widowed and their children motherless.

1987–2000

In September 1987, Frank contacts Pat and they meet in Greenwich. Frank wants to reignite their romance and asks her to be the mother of his children but she refuses. Frank propositions Pat again in January 1988. Pat is still resistant but when Frank reappears in March, he finally convinces her to reunite. They take over the tenancy of The Queen Victoria public house soon afterwards, and the following year Frank also opens a car lot on the square. Frank and Pat marry in June 1989 in true cockney style, with Pat becoming stepmother to Ricky, Diane, and 5-year-old Janine (Rebecca Michael), who hates her.

Troubled by family upsets, Frank is devastated in 1990 when his mother Mo (Edna Doré) develops dementia. Her deterioration is rapid. In a lucid moment, she writes Frank a letter asking him not to let her end up like her grandmother, who had gone senile, saying she would rather die than suffer the same fate. Frank is torn, but attempts to adhere to his mother's wish by almost smothering her with a pillow while she sleeps. However, he cannot go through with it and instead sends Mo to live with his sister Joan Garwood (Mary Miller) in Colchester. In 1992, Frank was involved and helped Pete Beale (Peter Dean), Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt) and Big Ron (Ron Tarr) to intimidate rapist James Willmott-Brown (William Boyde) into leaving the area. Later that year, Frank receives a huge tax demand, swiftly followed by a large VAT bill. This forces him to sell his B&B and the adjoining house and move his family into a small flat.

Pat establishes her own cab firm, PatCabs, which starts making them some money. However, on Christmas Eve that year, Pat runs over and kills a teenage girl and is later sentenced to six months in prison. Frank struggles alone and the Butchers end 1993 in financial ruin. In desperation, Frank coerces Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden) to set fire to his car lot in March 1994, so he can claim on the insurance. The car lot catches fire, as agreed, but unbeknown to Phil and Frank, a homeless man is sleeping in one of the cars and burns to death. Frank is arrested on suspicion of manslaughter, but is later released due to lack of evidence. However, doubts remain as to whether he conspired to defraud his insurance company and an investigation takes place. Frank tries covering his tracks by claiming his accounts have burnt but Pat gives the business's books to the investigating agent. The pressure becomes too much for Frank, who is suffering severe guilt over the death of the homeless man. He becomes so depressed and despondent, no one can get through to him. Unable to cope, Frank leaves Walford and his family without warning in April 1994, and does not contact them to say where he is.

With no news of Frank, Pat is forced to get on with her life. She begins a romance with another car dealer, Roy Evans (Tony Caunter), in 1995 and by November, they are living together. When Pat receives a letter from a psychiatric hospital saying Frank has recovered from a breakdown and wants to reunite, she tears up the letter. On Christmas Day 1995, Frank arrives unannounced and is furious to discover Pat is living with Roy. Frank declares he wants his house, business, and children back and refuses to leave Walford. Pat's son David Wicks (Michael French) contacts his lawyers and is relieved to discover Frank has no claim on the car lot; however, Ricky gives his share of the business to Frank, who then threatens to sell Pat's house. Roy tries scaring Frank away via various underhand tricks. In a moment of remorse, Frank threatens to confess his involvement in the arson attack to the police. Pat attempts to make him reconsider and this leads to them having sex. Pat regrets her actions, but Frank takes great pleasure in telling Roy. Furious, Roy threatens to leave Pat; to stop him, she claims Frank is lying. She convinces Frank she does not love him; defeated, he leaves Walford in March 1996, and moves to Manchester.

He returns briefly in April 1997 for Ricky's wedding to Bianca Jackson (Patsy Palmer), and again in December to console Ricky following the loss of his child. On another visit in May 1998, he becomes attracted to landlady Peggy Mitchell (Barbara Windsor) and they soon begin a relationship. Peggy asks Frank to move in with her at The Vic and they soon announce their engagement. Roy remains jealous of Frank, believing Pat has feelings for her ex-husband. When Pat turns to Frank following an argument with Roy and is seen leaving his flat, Roy and Peggy believe Frank and Pat are having an affair. Peggy calls off her engagement, and Roy speeds off in his car on a suicide bid, but Frank manages to convince him that his relationship with Pat is now platonic. He and Roy bond, leading Frank to admit he got a young woman called Gemma pregnant after first moving to Manchester, and had a young son, Danny, who was born in 1995.

Peggy marries Frank in April 1999, despite opposition from her son Grant (Ross Kemp), who cannot forgive Frank for accidentally hitting and killing his wife Tiffany Mitchell (Martine McCutcheon) in a motor accident months earlier. Frank runs The Vic with Peggy, but in 2000 he starts to realise he is unhappy, as he still loves Pat. While the two couples holiday in Spain that summer, Pat and Frank have sex. Their affair continues for several months, and they eventually decide to elope to Manchester. They are due to leave on Guy Fawkes Night, but Pat has second thoughts. It is too late, however, as Peggy has already got Frank's letter of confession. Peggy shames Frank and Pat by reading the letter aloud in public, ending by slapping both Frank and Pat and then ejecting Frank. When Frank leaves Walford, Pat chases after him, shouting his name, but he does not hear, and drives away, leaving her sobbing in the rain.

2002
In January 2002, Peggy receives news that Frank has died in a car crash in Spain, and travels there for his funeral, where she is stunned to see him in attendance. Several irate conversations reveal that Frank has faked his death to con expatriates in a property scam with his new girlfriend, Krystle (Rula Lenska). Krystle in turn cons Frank, running off with his money. Despite his past actions, Peggy takes pity on him, and gives Frank money, but turns down the opportunity of resuming a relationship with him.

"Perfectly Frank"
In the special 2003 episode "Perfectly Frank", he returns to England, where he has set up a seedy nightclub and a car valeting service in Somerset. Problems arise when Frank receives a visit from council officer, Douglas Payne (Steve Elder), telling him that they have rejected his license to open a lap dancing club. Later, Frank's assistant, Kevin (Marc Jordan), is sent a car to valet by the local gangster, named Reg Priest (Gilbert Martin), and finds the body of Payne in the boot. Frank and his club staff try to find a way to avoid the police asking questions, and fall foul of Reg, so they throw the body into the water over the side of the pier. However, it later emerges that Reg only knocked Payne out, when he turns up alive, having survived the pier fall. Terrified of another attack, Payne agrees to approve Frank's license.

2005
In December 2005, when Pat is due to give evidence at the trial of Janine (now played by Charlie Brooks), who has been wrongly accused of murdering Laura Beale (Hannah Waterman), Frank tries to get Pat to change her testimony. Pat and Frank have sex, but she is angry when she realises Frank is using their relationship to manipulate her. Nevertheless, after some contemplation, Pat changes her testimony. She and Frank say an emotional farewell, with Frank commenting that he will always love her. Frank tries to reunite with Janine outside the court but is saddened to discover she had already left without him, and was only using him to secure her release.

On 31 March 2008, Diane and Ricky reveal that Frank has died at Diane's home in France of throat cancer. His body is brought to Walford to be cremated. Following the funeral, Frank's ashes are scattered in Albert Square's flowerbeds. A heartbroken Pat orders a commemorative plaque dedicated to Frank, and has it mounted in Albert Square: it reads "Frank Butcher 1940-2008, Husband, Father, Pilchard, Taken 68 years young".

Character creation and development
The character of Frank was introduced to the series in September 1987, when he met up with former girlfriend Pat Wicks (Pam St. Clement). Although it could not have been predicted at the time, Frank was perhaps the most important introduction to the series that year, as the popularity of his appearance led to him playing a far greater role the following year. Frank was played by Mike Reid, who was already an established comedian and well known to British audiences. The casting of a comedian in a dramatic role was highly controversial at the time, but over the years, the wisdom of that decision was proved correct, as Frank became one of the show's most popular and iconic characters. His successful casting set a precedent in British soap, and subsequently, many established comedians and comic actors have gone on to play substantial roles in several notable soap operas, including Barbara Windsor, Bradley Walsh, Shane Richie, Bobby Davro and Les Dennis, among others. Following Anita Dobson's (Angie) and Leslie Grantham's (Den) decisions to quit the show in 1988, Frank was reintroduced as a full-time character and installed as the new Landlord of The Queen Vic, which he ran with his future wife, Pat, before opening a used car-lot on the Square. Although extremely different from their predecessors, Frank and Pat were also a live-wire couple, whose relationship proved popular with the audience. Their wedding in 1989 was seen as one of the year's highlights. Penned by new EastEnders writer Tony Jordan, Frank and Pat celebrated their big day in true East End style with a street party organised by Frank's mother, Mo (Edna Doré). Although planned for a summer's day, the lot material filmed on Albert Square was recorded in the middle of gale-force winds. The episode was scripted to portray a strong sense of community spirit and a feel-good theme, as until that year, EastEnders had come under attack from critics who suggested the show had become too depressing. Some 11.9 million viewers tuned in to see Frank and Pat finally tie the knot.

However, as is customary in EastEnders, their marriage did not remain happy for long, and after an array of family and monetary problems, Frank began to sink into deep depression. Playing a depressed character took its toll on Mike Reid, and he also began to suffer with depression, so, in 1994, he took a long hiatus from EastEnders. On-screen, his character attempted an insurance scam by having his car-lot torched and was unable to cope with the resulting guilt after the fire claimed the life of a homeless man. Frank disappeared from the show under a cloud of mystery in April 1994, and for a while he was presumed dead, as none of his family had heard anything from him. Pat eventually moved on, and moved in with another man, only for Frank to make a shocking return. Almost 17 million viewers tuned in to see Frank reunited with Pat on Christmas Day 1995. His stay was brief, lasting only a few months, but it drew a line under his relationship with Pat, and after failing to win her back, Frank was forced to move on too. Frank made several brief appearances in the show after this time, but in May 1998, he made a full-time return, this time as a love interest to landlady Peggy Mitchell (Barbara Windsor). However, Frank's affinity with Pat remained an underlying theme for both characters, and despite being separated, viewers were regularly reminded of their lustful connection. Pat's fourth husband Roy Evans (Tony Caunter) was deliberately made impotent in the series, so Pat would not be sexually unfaithful to Frank. In an interview, Pam St. Clement has suggested that Pat and Frank are the biggest "love story" in EastEnders, commenting; "the trouble is, they're a classic example of a couple who can't live with each other and yet don't want to live without each other."

Upon his return, Frank was once again pivotal to many explosive storylines including accidentally killing Tiffany Mitchell (Martine McCutcheon) with his car, his marriage to Peggy, and a battle to regain control of The Queen Vic from Dan Sullivan (Craig Fairbrass). However, in early 2000, Reid began to go through some poor health. After suffering with nervous exhaustion, which he attributed to EastEnders' gruelling filming schedule, Reid was forced to take an unplanned break from the show. Penned scripts and plots had to be completely rewritten to account for his absence, including the departure of Sid Owen, who played Reid's on-screen son Ricky. The storyline was initially planned to have Frank and Ricky involved in one of EastEnders renowned two-hander episodes, but due to Reid's absence, Steve McFadden, who plays Phil Mitchell, had to stand in for the episode, resulting in a slightly less plausible plotline. Upon Reid's return, further problems arose, allegedly regarding the producers' decision not to allow him to attend a charity function that was being held in his honour. Reid allegedly quit in protest, although the BBC have since denied this. Reid was persuaded by producer John Yorke to remain in the role for a further six months in order to facilitate one further explosive storyline. Frank resumed his relationship with old flame Pat whilst still married to Peggy, but was famously caught out and shamed by his fuming wife in front of a packed pub on Guy Fawkes Night 2000, although Pat had decided against running away with Frank at the last minute. After receiving a hefty slap, Frank left once again, leaving his wife in serious debt, just as he had done to Pat years earlier.

Following this, Frank made several brief appearances in the show, and was even given his own spin-off special, entitled EastEnders: Perfectly Frank. The programme followed Frank as he set up a new business in Somerset and brought in an entirely new set of characters unrelated to those in Albert Square. The soap bubble was written by Tony Jordan, directed by Clive Arnold and aired in 2003. The project was relatively unsuccessful, and was only watched by 3.8 million viewers. Despite rumours that the concept was being groomed as a potential spin-off series, this did not materialise.

Frank made yet another comeback to EastEnders in late 2005, for another week's stint, but Reid made it clear on The Paul O'Grady Show that this was to be the final time viewers would see Frank, as the storyline gave ultimate closure to his relationship with Pat. Reid allegedly turned down subsequent offers of a return.

Following the sudden death of Mike Reid in July 2007, executive producer Diederick Santer announced in November 2007 that the character would die off-screen; this occurred at the end of March 2008, when it was revealed that Frank had succumbed to throat cancer. On-screen, Frank was brought back to Walford to be cremated and was given a send-off in a special week of episodes, dubbed Frank Week, which saw his former wives Peggy and Pat reigniting their old feud. Throughout the episode of his funeral on 1 April, old clips of Frank's time in the serial were played as flashbacks, including Frank and Pat's wedding from 1989 and Frank naked in a revolving bow-tie from 2000.

Reception
Frank remains one of EastEnders best-loved characters and many associate him with a 'golden era of the square'. Following Mike Reid's death in 2007, BBC series controller, John Yorke, commented "Frank Butcher was one of a select group of truly great EastEnders' characters and the skill with which Mike Reid played him made him one of the most popular and well-loved of all."

In a Radio Times poll of over 5,000 people in 2004, 13 per cent chose Frank Butcher as the soap character they were most happy to see return. He came third in the poll, behind EastEnders' Den Watts (32 per cent) and Sharon Watts (21 per cent). Twelve per cent of viewers disagreed, as Frank also polled fourth place when viewers were asked "which soap character was it a bad idea to bring back?", coming behind Coronation Street's Bet Lynch (28 per cent), EastEnders Den Watts (28 per cent), and Coronation Street's Liz McDonald (14 per cent).

A comic scene that saw the character seduce Pat by arriving on her doorstep in nothing but a revolving bow-tie has been voted the fifth Top Soap Moment in a five poll in 2004, and he was also voted the seventh most popular King of Soaps in a Channel 4 poll in 2002. In addition, Frank is fondly remembered for his unique style of cockney slang. A term "dry slap" that Reid introduced into the character's dialogue has transitioned, and is now utilised in British culture as a noun to describe a punch.

In 2021, Laura-Jayne Tyler from Inside Soap called Frank "Walford's original diamond geezer" and wrote that it was "sad" that Frank had never met fellow character Mick Carter (Danny Dyer), predicting that they would have had a "right old bubble together.

In popular culture
In the 1990s, Mike Reid starred in an advert for the then new soft drink Oasis, whose slogan at the time was "Open, pour, be yourself once more". In the advert, Reid was dressed as Frank and initially roamed around with an uncharacteristically sunny disposition, until he drank the beverage and trod in a cow pat. After this, he took on a miserable expression, and exclaimed "Pat... Oh Pat, what have you done to me Pat?" in a blatant reference to his EastEnders alter ego.

title: Frank Butcher


text:
Talk:Capitol South station

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John W. Willey

John Wheelock Willey (1797 – July 9, 1841) was an American politician of the Democratic Party who served as the first Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio from 1836 to 1837.

Born in New Hampshire, Willey was educated in Dartmouth, Massachusetts and studied law in New York. In 1822, he settled in Cleveland and began practicing law. He soon gained recognition as a witty debater, which earned him three years in the Ohio House of Representatives (1827–1830) and three more in the Ohio Senate (1830–1832) as a Jacksonian Democrat. Willey quickly became attached to Cleveland and was subsequently elected mayor for two terms after the city was chartered in 1836. Willey was "responsible for writing the municipal charter as well as many of the original laws and ordinances." In October 1836, Willey and a group of armed Cleveland militiamen confronted an angry mob from Ohio City (then an independent municipality) in the dispute over the Columbus Street Bridge that became known as the "Bridge War."

title: John W. Willey