text:
Talk:Canadian War Museum

August 2007 Controversy?
I'm going to add some sort of a warning until we get this matter resolved, I can't seem to find anything that will prove the plaque was actually changed to say,

"Thousands perished in the raids and millions were left homeless. While these numbers are very large, they pale in comparison to the genocide perpetrated...by the Germans and their proxies."

If anyone has a updated link can you please update the reference section?

--Elven6 (talk) 04:44, 22 February 2009 (UTC)

Canada's National War Mueseum made a huge mistake when they changed their exhibit on our bomb squads. By bowing to public pressure to misrepresent the debate over the morality of the bombings, they have bowed to change history.

Every surviving society has a chance to write history, but more often than not they're representation is biased in their favor. In modern times, we have weeded out much of this bias, but it does still exist. When the war veterans constantly pestered the mueseum to change their historically accurate exhibit, they pestered them with their own bias. Many historians still debate and feel that the morality of Canada's bombings were questionable - as they killed hundreds of thousands of civillians. This should be represented. This does not mean we can't or shouldn't honor the veterans for fighting for our freedom, it just means we should understand how they did it and how it could have been better.

In the end though, one mueseum changing it's exhibit to hide the controversy of war morality will not hide or change history, but it is a start. The mueseum, whos job it is to represent all modern opinions on chapters of our past has fallen to the pressure of the victors point of view; is that really right? The bombers were just doing their job, and they succeeded, but by rewriting historical fact with political bias - the war mueseum has failed at theirs.

- Ryan

 * Looks like someone edited out the whole Bomber Command controversy section. Surely a balanced and referenced account of the affair is justified. It was notable event that touches on some important museological issues.Letterofmarque (talk) 04:06, 11 February 2011 (UTC)

Lion-and-Beaver poster
I doubt that the image of the Lion-and-Beaver poster really belongs in this article. It seems to have no connection with the Canadian War Museum, beyond that both relate to Canadian military history. I suppose the museum might hold a copy of the poster, but nothing in particular points to this being so. However, if the poster's image is included here then the caption used must not make "original research" (OR) interpretations of it. The source of the image says, "British lion and Canadian beaver armed with swords". Thus claiming that the lion represents "the Crown" is pure OR. Personally, I'd be comfortable with the paraphrasing "a beaver representing Canada and a lion representing Britain"; that is, I think that this is, plainly, the very meaning of "British lion and Canadian beaver". I've swapped that paraphrasing for the source's own words, though, because the latter are more concise and so as to head off any arguements about whether the "representing" wording is OR, too. "Recruitment" is also OR. I don't doubt that part of the the poster's purpose was to encourage volunteering for Canada's military, but it looks as though it was also meant to keep up national resolve, generally. In any case, the source classifies the poster under both "Patriotism" and "Propaganda" (among other groupings), but not under any of "Canada. Canadian Armed Forces", "Military recruiting" or "Recruiting and enlistment". -- Lonewolf BC (talk) 19:03, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

 * It's an image. Symbolism within imagery is open to interpretation, unless explicitly explained, as the beaver is in this particular poster. The other symbol here - the lion - however, isn't obviously designated as representing anything. A library in Minneapolis says it represents Britain. They are entitled to their take. However, theirs isn't necessarily the only allowed reading of the image; the lion could represent the Commonwealth, it could represent the Crown, it could represent Churchill (what with the cigar and all), it could represent all of the above. So, either state who says the lion is Britain, or don't give one, singled out analysis at all. --G2bambino (talk) 15:33, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

 * You are indulging in OR in the above. The source says what it says.  Find a source that says different if you want to dispute it. -- Lonewolf BC (talk) 16:20, 24 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I would if I wanted to dispute it. Perhaps you had trouble understanding that I don't? --G2bambino (talk) 16:23, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

For me it comes down to this: the lion has been used for ages as a personification of Britain, and its use here is pretty obvious. Having said that, I don't think G2bambino's incorrect when he says that the lion could represent the Crown. Frankly, the artist could have intended both, and a more sophisticated view of the poster would suggest a number of additional interpretations. But the Crown allusion is a lot less obvious, and Lonewolf is probably right when he says it should be cited.

The description of the image is sourced on the image description page, as per Wikipedia norms. In my opinion, the description is uncontroversial and obvious, and does not require any unusual attribution (suggesting that it is the opinion of the Minneapolis library) or removal of the word "Britain". However, if anyone disagrees and thinks Royalguard11's original image description goes too far, feel free to get consensus for a change here on the talk page.

My own view is that rather than insisting that the lion doesn't necessarily represent Britain (which, fairly or unfairly, comes across like an attempt at making a point in retaliation to Lonewolf's revision), efforts would be better spent seeing if we can find any source for the Crown interpretation. This poster was mass produced, it is held by a number of archives and libraries, and I believe that it has been reproduced numerous times. Someone has likely written a more detailed interpretation that might contain the necessary information. Skeezix1000 (talk) 18:56, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

Image gallery
Right now, the gallery violates the policies at WP:IG, as its simply an unorganized collection of random images. Unless someone has an idea as to how we can improve it (for example, by establishing a theme and a meaningful way of organizing these or other images, so that at the end of the day the gallery conveys more information than just "look at this collection of photos of stuff from the museum"), the gallery should probably be deleted here and moved to the Commons. --Skeezix1000 (talk) 15:20, 13 March 2009 (UTC)
 * The gallery just got worse, with more random images added today, and it was moved up so that it now interupts the prose of the article. Any ideas for improvement? --Skeezix1000 (talk) 12:07, 31 March 2009 (UTC)
 * There is room in the article itself for a couple more images, but the others would be better relocated to Commons, where such galleries belong. - SimonP (talk) 12:24, 31 March 2009 (UTC)
 * As a first step, I will make sure that any locally uploaded images are transferred over to the Commons. --Skeezix1000 (talk) 12:36, 31 March 2009 (UTC)
 * ✅, except for the one unlicensed image which can't be transferred. --Skeezix1000 (talk) 12:53, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

Friends of the Canadian War Museum
I would like to add the Friend's web site to the listed links. It is www.friends-amis.org Can someone who knows how to do this please add the link Thanks —Preceding unsigned comment added by CWMFriend (talk • contribs) 16:08, 7 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Done. Added under External links. DGERobertson (talk) 19:40, 15 February 2010 (UTC)

Better photos please
Can someone in the Ottawa area, or visiting the museum please take some more informative photos of the exterior of the museum? Currently the infobox photo is a distorted and vignetted wide angle picture, with the building silhouetted at sunset. Likewise the panoramic view in the middle of the article, while technically proficient, again fails to show us simply what the building looks like. And a more informative photo of the LeBreton Gallery would be excellent as well--the current one shows what looks to be mainly empty space, with a few tiny shapes representing the rows of vehicles and armament.Guinness323 (talk) 14:24, 15 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Agreed. The panorama is particularly poor. There are usually some great photos on Flickr - unfortunately, most of them are copyrighted with all rights reserved, or have a license that is not acceptable on Wikipedia/Commons (the only two licenses we allow are CC-BY and CC-BY-SA). However, I have found in the past that if you simply send a note to the photographers over at Flickr kindly asking them to consider changing the license of particular photos to a creative commons license (either "Attribution Creative Commons (CC-BY)" or "Attribution-ShareAlike Creative Commons (CC-BY-SA)") so that it can be used in Wikipedia, about 50% will happily agree to do so. --Skeezix1000 (talk) 14:26, 15 July 2010 (UTC)
 * We had few images at the Commons which I have added to the article. The new infobox image isn't fantastic, but it is a better portrayal of the building than the previous one.  I also added an aerial image, in place of the pano, that gives a good sense both of the building's context, and also how it rises out of the ground.  I actually don't think the image of the LeBreton Gallery is a bad one - it is a large space with equipment along its periphery.--Skeezix1000 (talk) 14:40, 15 July 2010 (UTC)
 * New photos are a vast improvement, thanks. When I was at the museum four weeks ago, the open space in the LeBreton Gallery was much smaller than on my previous visit--some of it is now taken up by new additions to the collection. Unfortunately I concentrated on photos of individual pieces rather than an overview shot. Guinness323 (talk) 15:16, 15 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Interesting to hear that - it's been awhile since I visited. It might simply be tough to get a good overview shot unless one has the right camera. --Skeezix1000 (talk) 15:32, 15 July 2010 (UTC)

Frank.DiFalco has provided a large number of new photos, but they make the article appear rather cluttered. Would a photo gallery be useful? Guinness323 (talk) 18:39, 15 July 2010 (UTC)
 * A photo gallery needs to comply with WP:IG -- in other words, it can't just be a tool to shoehorn random images into an article. But rather the gallery should have a cohesive theme - which may, in fact be possible here.  Sometimes the multiple image tool works better.  I just glanced at them -- the new images look great.  Let's see how we can organize them.
 * Much better image of Lebreton Gallery. --Skeezix1000 (talk) 19:13, 15 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I tried to bring some order to the images, while also respecting WP:IG - a gallery (even one that uses the multiple image template) that shows an overview of the galleries does have a theme. I moved the images of Lebreton and Regeneration to the top of the section, because at the bottom, along with the gallery, it appeared cluttered.  I agree with you, Guinness323, that the pano isn't really great -- frankly, due to their nature and the resulting fact that they take such a prominent position in an article, panoramas should only be used if they are truly fantastic, and this one is not much more than an image of a concrete wall.  --Skeezix1000 (talk) 19:38, 15 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Skeezix1000, nice touch with the photos, the article looks 100% better. Now I'll dig around to see if I can find some more references for the material.Guinness323 (talk) 23:28, 15 July 2010 (UTC)

No Mention of Hitler's Car?
Isn't it one of the most notable displays at the War Museum? An actual Mercedes car driven by Adolph Hitler and captured by the Allies in WW2. Considering the mention of his infamous car a few times in pop culture, its presence should be mentioned. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.14.47.230 (talk) 04:09, 22 February 2011 (UTC)
 * It is a weird but popular and notable artifact which merits a brief mention in context. I put in a sourced referenced to it.Letterofmarque (talk) 02:52, 6 March 2011 (UTC)
 * FYI --> File:Hitlers Car 1 db.jpg - File:Hitlers Car 2 db.jpg -  File:Hitlers Car 3 db.jpg.Moxy (talk) 03:05, 6 March 2011 (UTC)

Infobox
I need help with the infobox. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 21:01, 16 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Fixed SMirC-wink.svg. Dat GuyTalkContribs 21:04, 16 January 2016 (UTC)

Copyvio content removed
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For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, and, if allowed under fair use, may copy sentences and phrases, provided they are included in quotation marks and referenced properly. The material may also be rewritten, providing it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Therefore, such paraphrased portions must provide their source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. BC  talk to me  19:15, 20 April 2017 (UTC)

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Infobox photo
The infobox photo of the museum was replaced with another, apparently because the former photo is 15 years old, and the new photo was taken in 2022. It's always good to update photos. However, the new photo is a wide angle shot taken from a high angle that significantly distorts the image of the building. Is it really representative of what the building looks like? Guinness323 (talk) 19:00, 16 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Canadian War Museum


text:
Atez – Atetz

Atez (Atetz) is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Atez – Atetz


text:
Talk:Laurier House

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070518141713/http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/on/laurier/index_e.asp to http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/on/laurier/index_e.asp

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title: Talk:Laurier House


text: User talk:198.161.108.18

title: User talk:198.161.108.18


text:
Acetaldehyde ammonia trimer

Acetaldehyde ammonia trimer is a chemical compound described by the formula (CH3CHNH)3. The pure material is colourless but samples often appear light yellow or slightly beige due to the degradation by oxidation. It is hygroscopic, and can be found in a trihydrate form.

As implied by its name, it is a trimeric species formed from the reaction of acetaldehyde and ammonia:
 * 3 CH3CHO +  3  NH3  →  (CH3CHNH)3  +  3  H2O

Studies using NMR spectroscopy indicate that the three methyl groups are equatorial, thus the molecule has C3v point group symmetry.

The compound is related to hexamethylenetetramine, which is the condensation product of ammonia and formaldehyde.

title: Acetaldehyde ammonia trimer


text:
Talk:Canada Science and Technology Museum

Untitled
I just found this article linked via Google Earth in Kazakhstan. Can someone verify the coordinates. Thank you --Stywiz 22:54, 18 February 2007 (UTC)
 * coordinates 45°24′12″N 075°37′13″W  are OK.   PK  T (alk)  17:39, 22 April 2011 (UTC)


text:
Burguete – Auritz

Burguete (Castilian) or Auritz (Basque) is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

Ernest Hemingway lodged in Burguete in 1924 and 1925 for a fishing trip to the Irati river, and describes it in his novel The Sun Also Rises.

title: Burguete – Auritz


text:
Benito Arias Montano

Benito Arias Montano (or Benedictus Arias Montanus; 1527–1598) was a Spanish orientalist and polymath who was active mostly in Spain. He was also editor of the Antwerp Polyglot. He reached the high rank of Royal Chaplain to King Philip II of Spain. His work was censured by the Spanish Inquisition when rabbinical references were included into his Antwerp Polyglot Bible.

Biography
He was born at Fregenal de la Sierra, in Extremadura, and died at Seville. After studying at the universities of Seville and Alcalá, he took orders about the year 1559. He became a clerical member of the Military Order of St. James, and accompanied the Bishop of Segovia to the Council of Trent (1562) where he won great distinction.

On his return, he retired to a hermitage at Aracena whence he was summoned by King Philip II of Spain (1568) to supervise a new polyglot edition of the Bible, with the collaboration of many learned men. The work was issued from the Plantin Press (1572, 8 volumes) under the title Biblia sacra hebraice chaldaice, graece et latine, Philippi II regis catholici pietate et studio ad sacrosanctae Ecclesiae usum, several volumes being devoted to a scholarly apparatus biblicus. Arias was responsible for a large part of the actual matter, besides the general superintendence, and in obedience to the command of the king took the work to Rome for the approbation of Pope Gregory XIII. León de Castro, professor of Semitic languages at Salamanca, to whose translation of the Vulgate Arias had opposed the original Hebrew text, denounced Arias to the Roman, and later to the Spanish Inquisition for having altered the Biblical text, making too liberal use of the rabbinical writings, in disregard of the decree of the Council of Trent concerning the authenticity of the Vulgate, and confirming the Jews in their beliefs by his Chaldaic paraphrases. After several journeys to Rome Arias was freed of the charges (1580) and returned to his hermitage, refusing the episcopal honours offered him by the king. He accepted, however, the post of a royal chaplain, but was only induced to leave his retirement for the purpose of superintending the Escorial library and of teaching Semitic languages.

He designed a world map which was included into his Antwerp Polyglot Bible which included texts in Greek, Latin and Hebrew. The map was influential in the history of Cartography as one of the first maps to include Tierra del Fuego as an island on South America.

Montano led the life of an ascetic, dividing his time between prayer and study. In addition to the works written in connection with the polyglot, the most celebrated of which is Antiquitatum judaicarum libri IX (Leyden, 1593), Arias left many commentaries on various books of the Bible; also: Humanae salutis monumenta (Antwerp, 1571); a Latin translation of the Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela, and other works on widely varying subjects. He was also celebrated as a poet, his verses being chiefly of a religious nature.

title: Benito Arias Montano


text:
Dunfermline West (UK Parliament constituency)

Dunfermline West was a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1983 until 2005. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) using the first-past-the-post voting system.

Before 1983 the area was covered by the Dunfermline constituency and from 2005 the seat was replaced by the new Dunfermline and West Fife.

Boundaries
The seat of Dunfermline West contained all of the town of Dunfermline as well as territory on the north bank of the Firth of Forth. It took in the affluent villages of Limekilns, Crossford and Cairneyhill; it also included coalfield communities such as High Valleyfield, Saline, Blairhall and Oakley.


text:
Ayegui – Aiegi

Ayegui in Spanish or Aiegi in Basque is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

Demography
From:INE Archiv

title: Ayegui – Aiegi


text:
Clavigo

Clavigo may refer to:

 * Clavigo (play), a 1774 play by Goethe
 * Clavigo (film), a 1970 movie based on Goethe's play
 * Clavigo, a 1999 ballet by Roland Petit
 * Clavigo, a 1999 ballet by Tim Rushton

title: Clavigo


text: User talk:200.54.64.82

title: User talk:200.54.64.82


text:
Talk:Bytown Museum

 * There is no more Collaboration of the Month now. Canadiana 22:54, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bytown Museum


text:
File:EdgeOfSanity CrimsonII.jpg

Summary
Album cover for Crimson II by Edge of Sanity

title: File:EdgeOfSanity CrimsonII.jpg


text:
Talk:Blood sport (hunting)

Redirected from Talk:Blood_sport 28dec2005
I'm rather edgy about coursing and related articles being included in this article and matching category. In coursing, unlike most other sports in this category (e.g. hunting), the death of the hare is not the objective - the objective is for the dogs to pursue the hare and force it to turn. By design, nine times out of ten the hare escapes, as hares literally have eyes practically in the bank of their head, allowing them to dodge at the last second. Plus greyhounds a) run out of steam within a few seconds b) have no sense of smell and c) are, like all dogs, very very stupid. The remaining one out of ten hares are generally ill and not long for this earth anyway.

Admittedly the figure is lower for illegal coursing, but condemning legal coursing because of that would be like condemning boxing because of the injuries sustained during bare-knuckle fighting. Perhaps if a less emotive term than 'blood sport' was used I'd feel differently, but we can't choose our language.

I'm not going to be bold and remove it myself because some of the Southern US 'blood sports' also seem to avoid outright killing of animals, and I don't want to come in from outside and screw up other people's definition of 'blood sport' for the sake of my own personal bias. But I'd be interested to see if anyone else has any thoughts on this. --Last Malthusian 14:57, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Pejorative
I spent the better part of an hour yesterday at a large library trying to find the origin of this phrase, but even the Oxford English Dictionary is vague about first uses, which go back to the late 1500's (essentially the beginning of writing on such things). There was also some conjecture in other sources that the phrase originally refers to "bloods" (aristocratic rowdies, what in the US would probably be called "frat boys" today) or physical blood. There seems to be a strong rise in the use of the phrase in the late 1800's as part of Victorian social reform, particularly around feminism and animal welfare. Given this history, there seems to be a strong case that the phrase is pejorative in modern usage, especially in the sense that it confounds "sports" where the sporting aspect is chase and an animal's ability to run away with spectacles such as cockfighting where the point is to forbid and prevent the animals from doing anything other than fighting or being killed. In modern hunting terminology, this is the distinction between "fair chase" and stocked ponds for children's fishing and "canned hunts" for yuppies. Most participants in such "sports" as hunting, fox hunting and fishing "fail" in the sense that they often don't kill anything, yet they still consider that "good sport" because of the spiritual and recreational aspects of the pursuit. Current use of the term "blood sport" is either (A) historical, referring to Victorian spectacles, (B) rhetorical, as by animal welfare activists or (C) metaphorical, to describe various social nastiness. The fact that the term is not often used to refer to gladiators, boxing or professional wrestling would seem to support this. Rorybowman 17:07, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

Cricket fighting
User:SirIsaacBrock has twice removed cricket fighting from the list by saying it's only for vertebrate animals. Can we have a citable definition for this addition of "vertebrate"? SchmuckyTheCat 23:30, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Citable definition SirIsaacBrock 23:44, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Wiktionary doesn't count, because, as you just did, you can define it yourself. Nice try though. SchmuckyTheCat 00:12, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The fundamental issue is that the term "blood sport" is imprecise and here being used politically. Were I feeling sophisticated I could jump in on this one from either side (do insects REALLY have blood? do they understand enough rules for it to be a true sport? etc), but the phrase here is being used as a pejorative. Instead of vertebrate perhaps a better restrictor could have been "charismatic mega-fauna" as various Victorian rat "sports" are left out because they also do not fit the agenda... Notice that menstrual cup racing is also left out? - Rorybowman 01:05, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Page move
This page encompasses plenty more than hunting, it defines and explains the general term. I propose this page should be "Blood sport" and the dab page should be "Blood sport (disambiguation)" SchmuckyTheCat 01:55, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Kind of like the Holy Roman Empire, eh? Neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire. I've taken the opposite approach and tried to expand the article so it is clearer how the term is used and the different ways it can be used. I'm a boxer myself, for example, but consider modern professional boxing to be an immoral bloodsport in the rhetorical sense. Go figger. - Rorybowman 02:11, 22 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Yah, exactly. I see in the history it was moved to this title about a month ago, and I can't find a shred or hint as to why. SchmuckyTheCat 02:15, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * No, the talk history was moved here from the disambig page. View the article's history and its "evolution" is clearer. - Rorybowman 03:06, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

DO NOT MOVE - it should not be moved ! WritersCramp 02:46, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Ditto above. Meanings other than hunting should have separate articles. -- Mistress Selina Kyle  (  Α⇔Ω ¦  ⇒✉  )  11:35, 22 January 2006 (UTC)
 * But this article currently is not strictly about hunting, it's not even the main topic. Extricating the hunting specific information would result in an entirely too short stub article with no context to other vitally linked uses of the term.  What is there to say about hunting as a blood sport that shouldn't realistically go into the hunting article itself? SchmuckyTheCat 17:42, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Reambiguation Page?
Looking at the history of this article, perhaps it should be merged into blood sport and just put the various disambiguation disclaimers at the top, as is the current case with stalking. - Rorybowman 03:07, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

This page has been written as POV it is not accurate. Hunting is a blood sport, just check any decent English dictionary. I agree that "Blood Sport (hunting)" is a bad title. I did not name it. Perhaps, we should have four articles:

 * Blood Sport (disambiguation)

-involving dogs
 * Blood Sport (bait)

-sports humans are involved in, boxing, hunting, fishing, trapping etc.
 * Blood Sport (humans)

-involving animals 'other than' dogs, Cricket fighting etc.
 * Blood Sport (animals)

Or one article called "Blood Sport" with the above as separate subtitles.

However, if there are no agreed changes the article should be reverted back as it is incredibly incorrect ! WritersCramp 03:22, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Would you be amenable to putting the whole mess back into blood sport and introducing subtitles? I checked the OED earlier in the week and it seems from that the term involved the rural chasing of animals in the 1500's, then the confining of animals to fight in the 1800's, then the expansion of the term for other nastiness in the 1900's. This is a phrase with a vague and curious history, with no one dictionary really doing it justice. Perhaps divide into chasing activities (fox hunting, coursing), combat activities (cockfighting, baiting) and other uses (such as boxing, gladiatorial combat or politics)? That seems to capture the historical evolution more accurately. If reverted, how far back does it revert? That is why I am thinking a return to blood sport might be the better part of valor. - Rorybowman 03:44, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Where would hunting, fishing and falconry fit in ? "Combat" would imply animal and human activities.

Dictionary definitions:

 * New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary: blood sports - sports involving the killing of animals, esp. hunting;
 * Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: any sport involving killing or the shedding of blood, as bullfighting, *cockfighting, or hunting
 * Collins English Dictionary: any sport involving the killing of an animal, esp. hunting
 * Chambers 21st Century Dictionary: sports that involve the killing of animals, eg. fox-hunting
 * Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary: a sport or contest (as hunting or cockfighting) involving bloodshed.

WritersCramp 04:19, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Which is the problem. The term is just muddled, and if we aim for more precision we risk losing the ambiguous, NPOV essence. I've made a stab at it (no pun intended) with this rewrite and adding a picture of a modern bull fight. Since almost nobody is sympathetic to the Spaniards we don't gore the standard fox-hunting ALF bull, we show that such things still exist and we have a more attractive layout. I think that the current page would work just fine as a generic blood sport article, allowing us to lose the currently innacurate (hunting) subtitle. A disambig page for three items is a bit silly. - Rorybowman 04:30, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Let's let it stew here until next weekend so others can read and contribute to the discussion so we can get some sort of concencus. WritersCramp 04:41, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Good idea! See you next week! - Rorybowman 04:40, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Well, the three of us, so far, agree that the (hunting) subtitle is wrong. The current article is also the most obvious article for anyone typing "Blood sport" into the search box or making a blind wikilink for the term. I don't see any POV issue either, the existing content functions at least as section stubs for the growth of the term. I see no reason not to do this. SchmuckyTheCat 06:50, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * See above.

 * The most popular page does not necessarily belong at the main word. It is better that blood sport stays at a disambiguation and other meanings of "blood sport" have articles and are linked to there. -- Mistress Selina Kyle  (  Α⇔Ω ¦  ⇒✉  )  11:37, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * On the contrary: Disambiguation is our guideline here, which clearly states that the primary meaning of a term should be at the name of the term with a link to further disambiguation. This article is overwhelmingly the primary meaning of "blood sport".  Just look at the "what links here" for the dab page.  Not a single one of those mis-directed links expects to find a dab page, or any other meaning of the term. SchmuckyTheCat 17:46, 22 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I must agree with the above. The blood sport disambiguation page can (and should) be kept, but the words "blood sport" should go to this page, as it's by far the most widely used meaning of the phrase. At present, it seems oddly counterintuitive, and perhaps downright incorrect, to have this page as a separate one listed as "blood sport (hunting)". -Terraxos, 00:56, 24 January 2006

Beautiful Pics
Just added a beautiful pic from the Très Riches Heures which I placed at the bottom for two reasons: (1) it is so beautiful that I thought it might disrupt NPOV, (2) it is tall, so fills this space more fully. It clearly illustrates the concept in a purer and more historical way, though, but perhaps if there were other pics in the listy area these could balance it out. Something of boxing perhaps? I'll let others weigh in on this and stop adding for the time being. - Rorybowman 02:03, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Moved this article to blood sport, left talk here
I have moved this article from its present rather unfortunate title back to blood sport, as this is the main meaning, and created a new blood sport (disambiguation) page. For simplicity I suggest leaving this talk here, so the rationale for such a move will be clearer to future editors. - Rorybowman 14:38, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Blood sport (hunting)


text:
User:CHawke

Came here from another place which has lost its way.

Will stay and see what I can do.

--C Hawke 14:57, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

--C Hawke 17:12, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User:CHawke


text:
Talk:Peace Tower

Memorial Room poem
I noticed a moving extract from a poem by Earle Birney on the wall of the Memorial Room when I visited several years ago. Apparently the poem is now out of print. Could somebody who visits the Peace Tower transcribe the verse for this page?
 * I added a paragraph on the literary plaques, including a transcription of "On Going To the Wars" by Earle Birney (I transcribed from a photo that I took of the plaque years ago. I'm not sure if it would be worth formatting the poem in another manner. Also worth saying that I got further info about the other plaques from here.Kurtrik (talk) 21:34, 12 November 2017 (UTC)

Tower of Victory and Peace?
The Peace Tower is not called "Tower of Victory and Peace," and the linked source (http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/ic/can_digital_collections/books/history.htm) does not make that claim either: "And so it was two years later that the Prince of Wales laid the corner stone of 'The Tower of Victory and Peace' as it was originally known." It says "as it was originally known," not "this is its official name."

The Parliament of Canada website says: "On September 1, 1919, the Prince of Wales laid the cornerstone of the tower and designated it the Tower of Peace and Victory. However, it was during 1927 celebrations marking the 60th anniversary of Confederation that the name of the tower was finally settled. Prime Minister Mackenzie King was keen on giving this important memorial a name that would match its role as a symbol of the principles for which Canada fought in the Great War, as well as the high aspirations of the Canadian people. As in so many other decisions surrounding the reconstructed Centre Block, architect Pearson's opinion must have carried considerable weight. He wrote to the Prime Minister: 'In all my thought of the tower, Peace was dominant. I believe there is a quiet peaceful dignity about it.'"

http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/House/Collections/heritage_spaces/main/main_entrance-e.htm

There we have it. The name of the tower was originally chosen to be: "Tower of Victory and Peace" or even "Tower of Peace and Victory" but was finally chosen to be the "Peace Tower" by WLMK in 1927. 50.92.145.35 (talk) 10:12, 5 May 2015 (UTC)
 * "Was originally known" doesn't mean the official name changed, just the name it's known by. Nothing there says the official name is "Peace Tower". -- Ħ   MIESIANIACAL  14:51, 5 May 2015 (UTC)
 * "It was two years later that the Prince of Wales laid the corner stone of 'The Tower of Victory and Peace', which today is known as the Peace Tower." That implies the original name is "Tower of Victory and Peace" and it's casual name today is "Peace Tower". -- Ħ   MIESIANIACAL  14:57, 5 May 2015 (UTC)

 * Did you read the second source found here: http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/House/Collections/heritage_spaces/main/main_entrance-e.htm

 * The first source does NOT say that the Peace Tower is "officially" called "Tower of Victory and Peace," so you cannot use that source to back up such a claim, and the second source quite clearly says that William Lyon Mackenzie King chose the name "Peace Tower:"

 * "On September 1, 1919, the Prince of Wales laid the cornerstone of the tower and designated it the Tower of Peace and Victory. However, it was during 1927 celebrations marking the 60th anniversary of Confederation that the name of the tower was finally settled. Prime Minister Mackenzie King was keen on giving this important memorial a name that would match its role as a symbol of the principles for which Canada fought in the Great War, as well as the high aspirations of the Canadian people. As in so many other decisions surrounding the reconstructed Centre Block, architect Pearson's opinion must have carried considerable weight. He wrote to the Prime Minister: 'In all my thought of the tower, Peace was dominant. I believe there is a quiet peaceful dignity about it.'"

 * "It was two years later that the Prince of Wales laid the corner stone of 'The Tower of Victory and Peace', which today is known as the Peace Tower" does NOT say "today is casually known" like you claim, it says outright that "today is known as the Peace Tower."

 * More sources that support the name is just the "Peace Tower:"

 * The Parliament of Canada: http://www.parl.gc.ca/about/parliament/publications/parliamentbuildings/parlblgs-e.asp

 * "The Peace Tower

 * The Peace Tower was named in commemoration of Canada’s commitment to peace. On the third floor is the Memorial Chamber, a richly carved room of gentle light built to honour Canadians who died in the armed conflicts in which Canada has fought since Confederation. The 92.2-metre tower also contains an observation area and the Carillon, a series of 53 bells weighing from 4.5 kg to 10,090 kg. The Dominion Carillonneur entertains visitors to Parliament Hill with regular recitals."

 * Public Works and Government Services Canada: http://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/collineduparlement-parliamenthill/batir-building/centre/tour-tower/tour-tower-eng.html

 * "Peace Tower

 * The Peace Tower is larger than the Victoria Tower of the original Centre Block. It is the dominant feature on Parliament Hill, and probably the most widely recognized symbol of Canada after the flag.

 * In the base of the tower is the Memorial Chamber, dedicated to Canadians who have died in conflicts around the world. It contains the Books of Remembrance. The soaring stone tower is covered with carved figures, grotesques and gargoyles that can only be properly seen when scaffolding is erected for repair work."

 * Ottawa Tourism: http://www.ottawatourism.ca/ottawa-insider/parliament-hill/

 * "Free guided tours are available daily, including a chance to head up to the Peace Tower for an incredible view of the city."

 * "The 53-bell carillon in the Peace Tower marks each quarter hour; the Dominion Carilloneur performs daily free concerts."

 * If the official name is the "Tower of Victory and Peace" then somebody forgot to tell the Government of Canada that.

 * This is historical revisionism at its finest and has no place in this article. Your own sources do not support your flimsy and tenuous assertions.

 * 50.92.145.35 (talk) 00:23, 7 May 2015 (UTC)
 * That's all a straw man; I said there's nothing in your sources to affirm "Peace Tower" is the official name, or even the only name.
 * I trust you'll find the edit I made to be satisfactory. -- Ħ   MIESIANIACAL  02:03, 7 May 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Peace Tower


text:
Azagra

Azagra is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

title: Azagra


text:
Isaac Benson Lucas

Isaac Benson Lucas, (September 19, 1867 – March 8, 1940) was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served as a Conservative Member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario for Grey Centre from 1898 to 1919.

Lucas was born in Warwick Township, Lambton County, the son of George Lucas, who had come to Canada from Ireland. He was educated in Strathroy and at the University of Toronto. He graduated from Osgoode Hall in 1899 and entered practice in Owen Sound, later moving to Markdale. He married Elizabeth E. Richardson, the daughter of Matthew Kendal Richardson. In 1908, he was named King's Counsel. He served one of the shortest terms as provincial treasurer, serving from 1913 to 1914. Lucas was Attorney General from 1914 to 1919. During his time in office, Lucas was responsible for steering the Workmen's Compensation Act through the provincial legislature. He also served as government representative on the Hydro-Electric Commission and helped promote the development of a park in the area surrounding the Horseshoe Falls at Niagara. He died in Toronto, Ontario in 1940.

title: Isaac Benson Lucas


text: User talk:206.176.103.10

title: User talk:206.176.103.10


text:
User:Spiggot

Me
I am a franco-brit living in the south of France ME TOO BRO - BUT I`M FROM NEW ZEALAND BRO

Current projects
Update of Glenalmond College

Translation of the page fr:Origine_de_l%27eau_sur_la_Terre. Work in progress on User:Spiggot/Origin_of_water_on_earth

title: User:Spiggot


text: Talk:Meanguera del Golfo

title: Talk:Meanguera del Golfo


text:
Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration

The Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration (FSPA) is a Roman Catholic religious congregation for women whose motherhouse, St. Rose of Viterbo Convent, is in La Crosse, Wisconsin, in the Diocese of La Crosse. The Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration founded Viterbo University and staffed Aquinas High School in La Crosse. The congregation traces its roots to 1849.

History
In 1849, a group of Third Order Secular Franciscans traveled from Ettenbeuren, Bavaria, to Milwaukee to assist Bishop John Henni in the newly organized Diocese of Milwaukee. The group consisted of both men and women and was led by Father Francis Anthony Keppeler and his assistant, Father Mathias Steiger. They arrived on May 18, 1849, and were formally received into the diocese on May 28, a day which is celebrated annually by the sisters as Founders Day. The six women of the group, led by Mother Aemiliana Dirr, began their mission to care for the region's German immigrants, both physically and spiritually. In 1850, these women officially became part of the Third Order Regular Franciscans as religious sisters. They took their vows in 1853.

The sisters were initially tasked with caring for land and performing housework within the religious community. In 1855, they assumed care and education of orphaned boys at the diocese's St. Aemilian's Orphanage for Boys. In 1856, the sisters were reassigned to the newly established Saint Francis de Sales Seminary to perform household duties. Frustrated by the menial and spiritually lacking work they had been assigned at the seminary, many sisters left the diocese in 1860. A new motherhouse was established at St. Coletta Convent in Jefferson, Wisconsin, in 1864. At the request of the Bishop of La Crosse, Michael Heiss, the motherhouse was again relocated in 1871, establishing the St. Rose of Viterbo Convent. In 1873, Mother Antonia asked the remaining sisters in Milwaukee to relocate to La Crosse, although 37 choose to continue their work in seminary ministry and split off to form the Sisters of St. Francis of Assisi. Mother Antonia's community in La Crosse thus became known as the Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration. The congregation is named for its practice of perpetual prayer. The community initiated the practice of Perpetual Adoration in 1878. At least two Sisters would pray at all times in the congregation's adoration chapel, with sisters rotating through one-hour shifts. Due to declining numbers of sisters, volunteers were asked to participate in these shifts beginning in 1997. This practice continued until 2020, when overnight prayer ceased, and the ritual was consolidated to a 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. schedule. Of the change, Sister McKenzie stated that, "the sisters and prayer partners will continue adoration in the Adoration Chapel to the extent possible, and by definition of perpetual repeated continuously even though interrupted for portions of time." The practice officially ended on Ash Wednesday, February 26, 2020, at which point perpetual prayer had been maintained without interruption for 141 years. Prayer requests continue to be complied each week, which the sisters then assemble into a pamphlet of names and intentions for prayer.

As a result of a period of renewal leading to a divergence of vision within the Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration, fifty-five sisters left to form a separate congregation, the Franciscan Sisters of the Eucharist, on December 2, 1973.

Present day
In 1890 the sisters began St. Rose Normal School to prepare sisters to teach in elementary schools. It is now known as Viterbo University, a Catholic, Franciscan, liberal arts university.

In 1955 the FSPA arrived on Guam, where they serve in the Archdiocese of Agana. Their encompass work at the Catholic Medical Center (FHP) as staff and coordinators; Guam Memorial Hospital as administrator, directors, and volunteers; Catholic Schools as superintendent, administrators, and teachers; and Parish Ministers.

The Sisters are a sponsoring member of 8th Day Center for Justice.

The Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration have their retirement home in St. Joseph's Ridge, Wisconsin.

Common Venture program
Under the "Common Venture", is a cooperative effort on the part of the Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration, the Sisters of St. Francis of Assisi in Milwaukee, and the Franciscan Sisters of the Eucharist in Meriden, Connecticut. "Common Venture" grew out of a 1999 150th anniversary celebration of the common founding of the three American Franciscan communities. Together they have contributed more than $1.5 million in goods and services to the Tertiary Sisters of St. Francis in Cameroon. Sr. Marla Lang FSPA compared the role of the sisters in Cameroon to that of sisters in the United States in the late 19th century. “The systems of health care and education are being built up through religious orders. The sisters are pioneers for the people in their country."

Notable people

 * Servant of God Thea Bowman, educator, liturgist, and venerated figure


text:
Talk:Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Langevin Block. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20100530090211/http://www.ty-a.ca:80/Citizen/top500.htm to http://www.ty-a.ca/Citizen/top500.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 11:08, 7 January 2016 (UTC)

Name Changed
Prime Minister's Office just announced they're renaming the building to "Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council" because of the historical association of Langevin with the Residential School System. http://pm.gc.ca/eng/news/2017/06/21/prime-minister-announces-100-wellington-become-space-indigenous-peoples Jabrwock (talk) 19:58, 21 June 2017 (UTC)


text:
Ek Hasina Thi

Ek Hasina Thi may refer to:

 * Ek Hasina Thi (song), a Hindi song from the film Karz''
 * Ek Hasina Thi (film), a 2004 noir film from India
 * Ek Hasina Thi (TV series), a 2014 television series from India

title: Ek Hasina Thi


text:
Timotheus of Miletus

Timotheus of Miletus (Τιμόθεος ὁ Μιλήσιος; c. 446 – 357 BC) was a Greek musician and dithyrambic poet, an exponent of the "new music." He added one or more strings to the lyre, whereby he incurred the displeasure of the Spartans and Athenians (E. Curtius, Hist of Greece, bk. v. ch. 2). He composed musical works of a mythological and historical character.

He spent some years in the court of Archelaus I of Macedon.

Fragments of Timotheus' poetry survive, published in Denys Page, Poetae Melici Graeci. A papyrus-fragment of his Persians (one of the oldest Greek papyri in existence), discovered at Abusir has been edited by U. von Wilamowitz-Mollendorff (1903), with discussion of the nome, meter, the number of strings of the lyre, date of the poet and fragment.

Conflation
In post-Classical literature Timotheus of Miletus is sometimes confused with another famous musician, the aulete Timotheus in the court of Alexander the Great.

Rabelais speaks of the musician in Chapter 23 of Gargantua "Ponocrates also made him forget everything he learned with his former preceptors, as Timotheus did with those of his disciples who were trained by other musicians." Rabelais implies that Timotheus believed other musicians to have merely inculcated bad habits.

title: Timotheus of Miletus


text: Talk:Cartier Square Drill Hall

title: Talk:Cartier Square Drill Hall


text:
Clavigo (film)

Clavigo is a West German 1970s television movie directed by Marcel Ophüls, based on the 1774 play Clavigo by Goethe. The movie is the film version of a play staged and directed by Fritz Kortner. This play premiered in 1969 at Deutschen Schauspielhaus, Hamburg, Germany. It was first acclaimed at the Berliner Theatertreffen 1970.

Plot
The film follows the titular Clavigo, a young writer whose engagement to a french noblewoman allows the publication of his weekly magazine. His success leads him to fail to honor this engagement, and he suffers the consequences.

Cast

 * Thomas Holtzmann as Clavigo
 * Rolf Boysen as Carlos
 * Friedhelm Ptok as Beaumarchais
 * Kyra Mladeck as Sophie
 * Hans Hackermann as Guilbert

title: Clavigo (film)


text:
Syd Dernley

Syd Dernley (29 December 1920 – 1 November 1994) was appointed assistant executioner by the Home Office in 1949, and participated in 20 hangings until he was replaced in 1954.

In 1950, he assisted Albert Pierrepoint in the hanging of the innocent Timothy Evans for the murder of his family, although John Christie (who was himself executed by Pierrepoint in 1953) committed the murders. On 8 May 1951, Pierrepoint and Dernley escorted convicted murderer James Inglis to the gallows immediately adjacent, and hanged him without delay — the fastest hanging on record, taking only seven seconds from the time his cell door was opened until his fatal 'long drop'.

On 27 April 1954, Dernley was removed from the Home Office Official List of Assistant Executioners. Dernley claimed that no reason was given for his removal but he suspected it was because of a crude comment he had made about the size of the private parts of a executed man, John Kenneth Livesey, after he had been executed at Wandsworth prison in London on 17 December 1952. Pierrepoint had alluded to such an incident (without mentioning Dernley by name) in his own autobiography. However, the real reason for Dernley's removal from the list was undoubtedly because in 1954 he had been convicted at the Nottinghamshire Quarter Sessions of publishing obscene material. The court sentenced Dernley to 6 months of imprisonment plus a fine of £50, with costs of £25 awarded against him. Dernley's criminal conviction and subsequent imprisonment constituted firm grounds on which to dismiss him.

A welder in civilian life, Dernley was dubbed, as also has been Albert Pierrepoint, "the last British hangman", although in fact he was not (this title belongs jointly to Harry Allen and Robert Leslie Stewart). More accurately, he was one of the last surviving hangmen, following the deaths of both Pierrepoint and Allen in 1992.

title: Syd Dernley


text:
Treaty of Rarotonga

[[Image:nwfz.svg|thumb|

]] The Treaty of Rarotonga is the common name for the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty, which formalises a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the South Pacific. The treaty bans the use, testing, and possession of nuclear weapons within the borders of the zone.

It was signed by the South Pacific nations of Australia, the Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu on the island of Rarotonga (where the capital of the Cook Islands is located) on 6 August 1985, came into force on 11 December 1986 with the 8th ratification, and has since been ratified by all of those states.

The Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and Palau are not party to the treaties but are eligible to become parties should they decide to join the treaty in the future.

Protocols binding other states
There are three protocols to the treaty, which have been signed by the five declared nuclear states, with the exception of Protocol 1 for China and Russia who have no territory in the Zone.

 * 1) no manufacture, stationing or testing in their territories within the Zone
 * 2) no use against the Parties to the Treaty, or against territories where Protocol 1 is in force
 * 3) no testing within the Zone

In 1996 France and the United Kingdom signed and ratified the three protocols. The United States signed them the same year but has not ratified them. China signed and ratified protocols 2 and 3 in 1987. Russia has also ratified protocols 2 and 3 with reservations.

Scope of applicability
The treaty's different provisions apply variously to the Zone, to the territories within the Zone, or globally.

"South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone" means the area : plus three projections north of the Equator to include the territory and territorial waters of Papua New Guinea, Nauru, and Kiribati, but minus the northwest corner beyond Australian territorial waters and near Indonesia (and the Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone).
 * south of the Equator
 * north of the 60th parallel south (the northern limit of the Antarctic Treaty zone)
 * east of the 115th meridian east
 * west of the 115th meridian west (the western limit of the Treaty of Tlatelolco Latin American Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone)

Several islands in the Indian Ocean also belong to Australia and are therefore part of the zone.

"Territory" means internal waters, territorial sea and archipelagic waters, the seabed and subsoil beneath, the land territory and the airspace above them. It does not include international waters. Article 2 says "Nothing in this Treaty shall prejudice or in any way affect the rights, or the exercise of the rights, of any State under international law with regard to freedom of the seas."

The Treaty is an agreement between nation-states and as such of course cannot apply to those who have not signed the treaty or protocols, for example, the four countries not signatories to the Non-Proliferation Treaty, who are all nuclear powers.

List of parties and territories

 * The only territory north of the Equator that is part of the Zone is in Kiribati, the only state straddling the Equator.
 * Micronesia is outside the Zone except for Kiribati.
 * Melanesia is inside the Zone except for Western New Guinea (a part of Indonesia), which is in the Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone.
 * Polynesia is inside the Zone except for Easter Island, which is in the Latin American Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone, the Polynesian outliers of Kapingamarangi and Nukuoro in Micronesia, Hawaii, American Samoa and several uninhabited United States Minor Outlying Islands.

Carrying of nuclear weapons within the zone
U.S. bomber aircraft have been visiting Australia since the early 1980s, and nuclear-capable B-52s and B-2s operate regularly out of northern Australia. When U.S. bombers visit Australia, the U.S. government does not tell the Australian government whether the aircraft are carrying nuclear weapons. In 2023, the Australian Foreign Minister Penny Wong said the Australian Government "understand[s] and respect[s] the longstanding US policy of neither confirming or denying".

title: Treaty of Rarotonga


text:
Azuelo

Azuelo is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

This town is close to the Codés mountain range, part of which falls within its municipal term.

title: Azuelo


text:
William Wharton (author)

Albert William Du Aime (November 7, 1925 – October 29, 2008), more commonly known by his pen name William Wharton, was an American-born author best known for his first novel Birdy, which was also made into a critically acclaimed film of the same name in 1984.

Early life, family, and education
Wharton was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to "a poor, hard-working, Catholic family". He graduated from Upper Darby High School in 1943. (He was inducted into the school's Wall of Fame in 1997.)

During World War II, Wharton served in the United States Army and was first assigned to an engineering unit. He was transferred to the infantry and was severely wounded in the Battle of the Bulge. His memoirs included an account of his role in the killing of German prisoners during the war. "War for me, though brief, had been a soul-shaking trauma. I was scared, miserable, and I lost confidence in human beings, especially myself."

After his discharge, he attended the University of California, Los Angeles, where he received an undergraduate degree in art and a doctorate in psychology.

Career
He taught art in the Los Angeles Unified School District.

His first novel Birdy was published in 1978 when he was more than 50 years old. Birdy was a critical and popular success and it won the US National Book Award in category First Novel. Alan Parker directed a film version starring Nicolas Cage and Matthew Modine.

After the publication of Birdy and through the early 1990s, Wharton published eight novels, including Dad and A Midnight Clear, both of which were also made into films. Dad starred Jack Lemmon and Ethan Hawke in one of his first movie roles. Hawke also starred in A Midnight Clear.

In 1988, Wharton's daughter, Kate, her husband, Bill, and their two children, two-year-old Dayiel and eight-month-old Mia, were killed in a 23-car motor vehicle accident near Albany, Oregon, caused by smoke generated by grass-burning on nearby farmland. Wharton wrote a (mostly) non-fiction book, Ever After: A Father's True Story (1995), which recounts the incidents leading to the accident, his family's subsequent grief, and the three years which he devoted to pursuing redress in the Oregon court system for the field-burning that caused the accident. Houseboat on the Seine, a memoir, was published in 1996, about Wharton's purchase and renovation of a houseboat.

Wharton gained an enormous and unusual popularity in Poland, where many extra editions of his book as well as visits followed. Eventually, many of Wharton's works were translated and published exclusively in the Polish language (see the Bibliography).

Personal life and death
Wharton died on 29 October 2008 in a hospital in Encinitas, California.

Movies based on Wharton's books

 * Birdy (1984)
 * Dad (1989)
 * A Midnight Clear (1992)

title: William Wharton (author)


text:
Tau Aurigae

Tau Aurigae, Latinized from τ Aurigae, is a star in the northern constellation Auriga. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.505, and is approximately 207 ly distant from Earth.

Tau Aurigae is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of G8 III. It has expanded to 11 times the radius of the Sun and shines with 63 times the Sun's luminosity. This energy is radiated into outer space from the outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,887. This heat gives it the yellow-hued glow of a G-type star.

title: Tau Aurigae


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Bo jeune-fille

the ceaseless vandalism of this page is making me weary.--Alhutch 15:02, 13 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
User:Spiggot/Origin of water on earth

Origine_de_l%27eau_sur_la_Terre Herkunft des irdischen Wassers

4.5 billion years ago the earth was formed by the consolidation (accrétion) of silicate dust covered with a fine film of water. At that time it was a hostile desert planet with a lot of energy released during the consolidation (accrétion) and many elements were present in gaseous form. Over time earth has become what we now call the blue planet, because it has a great deal of water in its liquid form.

The source of water on earth
Even today scientific theories differ on the origin of the water vapour present in the earth's atmosphere.
 * The most commonly held theory is that carbonaceous chondrites arriving on earth at the end of the consolidation brought water with them.
 * Others think that water was brought by comets striking the earth after the consolidation. Comets are Kuiper belt or Oort cloud objects normally less than 20km in diameter, formed of ice (~80%) and rock.
 * Still others tend to the out-gassing theory; that after the creation of the earth water was present in gaseous form in the various envelopes (layers?) surrounding the earth.
 * A fourth theory, with narrow if any scientific support, is mentioned for competeness: that micrometeorites (a very common form of meteorite having a diameter of a few microns) were responsible for bringing water to the earth.

Nevertheless, recent research seems to point not to one single phenomenon being responsible for the origin of water on earth, but to at least two. Study of the ratio of deuterium to hydrogen in Halley's comet using data provided by the Giotto probe (1:3×10-4) has shown that there is a difference compared to the ratio measured in the earth's oceans (1:1,5×10-4). These differences have led astrophysicists to believe that comets and meteorites are not the only source of water on earth, as some suggest.

By whatever method water arrived on earth, in gaseous or in solid form depending on the theory, it evaporated, either due to the prevailing temperature in the case of comet or meteorite delivery, or, in the case of degassing, due to volcanic activity caused by the energy released by the earth in consolidation, allowing water to escape from the mantle. Cooling of the earth allowed the water vapour to condense little by little causing a thick cloud layer to form around the planet. During millions of years torrential rainstorms beat upon the earth causing the creation of the oceans. Climatic conditions having varied little, these oceans persisted. The appearance of life led to the absorption of a great deal of carbon dioxide ($$\mathrm{CO}_2$$), leading to a farther drop in temperature; enough for ice to form on earth, leading to its existence in its three states.

Water in its liquid state
Five main factors, listed below in descending order of importance, are though to have led to the conservation of water in its three states on the earth:

 * The breakdown of radioactive elements in the earth's mantle (since consolidation) has contributed to a significant increase in terrestrial temperature. This phenomenon led to the degassing of certain elements contained in the earth into the atmosphere.

 * Earth is positioned perfectly in the solar system, neither too far nor too close to the sun. Its temperature, albeit slightly too low, allows water to exist in forms other than ice in the warmer parts. The greenhouse effect, due to the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leads to ideal conditions for water to exist in its liquid state in abundance on the surface.

 * The earth, as is the case with all massive bodies, has a gravitational well. Gravity acts in relation the mass of the two objects, and in the inverse of the distance squared between them:
 * $$P=\frac{m_1\times m_2}{d^2}$$
 * where:
 * $$P$$ is the gravitational force
 * $$m_1$$ and $$m_2$$ are the masses involved, and
 * $$d$$ is the distance between them
 * Due to the relatively great mass of the earth, it will tend to prevent molecules of gas escaping from the atmosphere into space. Bodies must reach a certain velocity to escape the gravitational pull of a massive body; earth's escape velocity is around 11.2m/s. In the case of gaseous molecules it is a little more complicated: the average velocity of molecules in a gas is dependent on the square root of the temperature of the gas and inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of the molecules. To find if the earth is capable of retaining a certain gas the average velocity of the gas molecules should be compared to the escape velocity for the earth. Due to its ambient temperature and the mass of the water molecule, the earth has managed to retain water in its gaseous form in its atmosphere.

 * The existence of a satellite orbiting around the earth, the moon, has led to a stabilisation of the earth's rotational axis. As a result the earth's climatic conditions (dependent on the rotational axis) have also remained relatively stable over time. This stabilising characteristic has meant that liquid water has remained on earth's surface in great quantity. The appearance of life 3.5 billion years ago led to to the oceans absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide, in the order of several hundred of millions of tonnes per year. This in turn led to a reduction in the greenhouse effect, and earth's temperature reduced to the current average of about 15°C.

 * The outer core, believed to be liquid following seismic studies, is at a temperature of 5000°C, causing the ionisation of elements in the core. As the earth rotates on its axis the core too rotates, leading to a dynamo effect and a huge magnetic field. One effect of this magnetic field is that it deflects the solar wind from the earth, and therefore prevents certain molecules (for example water vapor) from being vaporized from the atmosphere into space. Additionally the magnetic field opposes the escape of molecules by acting on the ionized molecules that form the upper atmosphere.

Introduction
Whatever its state, water is not restricted to the earth; it appeared on other planets in the solar system in much the same ways, however it did not remain.

On earth-like planets water is found in the atmosphere and in the ground. It could be assumed that it would be found in much the same states on all these planets as they are relatively similar; Mars' density is only two or three times less than the earth's; and Venus' is close enough for it to be often nicknamed "Earth's twin".

Despite this, everything is different in terms of atmospheric conditions. Mars and Venus' atmospheres are mainly carbon dioxide (about 95% in volume) and nitrogen, with traces carbon monoxide, oxygen and water. Earth's atmosphere is very different. Earth's atmosphere and temperature would not be what they are today were it not for the conditions described above. As opposed to the Earth, Venus and Mars' orbital axes have no doubt varied greatly, which notably has modified their climates.

In the beginning the Earth, Mars and Venus had very similar atmospheres, both in terms of the constituent elements and in terms of their temperature and pressure. However, the state of water on each of these planets differed from then on.

Venus
The distant observation of water on Venus is difficult because of a thick layer of clouds roughly fifty kilometers above the surface. The atmosphere of Venus is made up of about 96.5% carbon dioxide and 3.5% nitrogen, water vaper is also present in trace amounts. Its surface has been thoroughly mapped by planetary probes and by the Hubble Telescope. The average surface temperature of Venus is 460°C which contributes to the lack of water in liquid form.

Mars
The atmospheric composition of Mars resembles that of Venus: nearly 95% carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen, and around 2% argon. Water vapor represents only 0.001% of the atmosphere. However, unlike Venus, water is present in its solid and gaseous forms despite a surface temperature that usually does not exceed -60°C. The pressure and temperature on the surface of Mars do not permit liquid water. Water is mostly found in solid form in the polar caps of the planet, that condense and sublimate                    seasonally. If the water in the poles were distributed throughout the planet, it would form a global ocean that would completely cover the surface and be about 20 to 40 meters deep; on earth, such a global ocean would have a depth of 2.7 kilometers. With regard to the partial pressure of water on Mars, it does not excede roughly ten thousandths of the total atmospheric pressure and is subject to strong fluctuations linked to the seasonal cycle of condensation and sublimation of the polar caps.

Mercury
Mercury is both too small and too close to the Sun to retain an atmosphere of any significance; its water molecules were quickly destroyed by the prevalent ultraviolet rays.

Water contained in the atmosphere
Since the planets had such similar initial conditions, why did these three large planets have such divergent destinies? The history of water on Mars and Venus holds the answer. Water seems to have been more abundant in the past on the sisters of earth. The value of the ratio between heavy water ($$\mathrm{HDO}$$) and water ($$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$) indicates that there was originally much more water vapor in the martian and venusian atmospheres. In earth's oceans and atmosphere, the ratio $$\mathrm{HDO}$$/$$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$ about 1,5.10-4, because of this, planetologists believe that it has not changed since the creation of earth. Working on the assumption that this value characterizes every terrestrial planet at their creation, they have measured the ratio $$\mathrm{HDO}$$/$$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$ in the atmospheres of Venus and Mars. Their results reveal a strong enrichment of deuterium of the martian and venusian atmospheres. The water vapor in the martian atmosphere would contain 5 times more deuterium than that of earth and the atmosphere of venus would contain close to 120 times more. The planetologists deduce from these findings that the atmospheric water vapor was present in much greater quantities on mars and even more so on venus, in the past. How did the water disappear? The atmospheric enrichment of deuterium is explained by the mechanism of gravitationel escape that favors the escape of the lightest molecules. It favors the ejection of ordinary water in ratio to that of heavy water, this explains why the later is concentrated in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus

Water on the ground
If water was decisively more abundant in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus, was there a similar abundance in their soils? In the case of Mars, we have some clues of the presence, on the surface, of large quantities of water (maybe liquid) in the beginning of its history. The first is the existence of branched valleys that furrowed the ancient terrains of the southern hemisphere and date back to more than 3 billion years; these valleys give the impression that liquid water flowed in significant quantities on the planet, this indicates that at this time there existed a dense, warm atmosphere. The second indication of the presence of water is the probable presence of an ocean that would have covered great plains in the north of the planet 2 to 3 billion years ago. The recent radar mesurements of the mission Mars Global Surveyor, have reinforced this hypothesis, issued at the same time of the mesurements of the Viking probe. These mesurements have revealed the presence of long lines of several thousands of kilometers in a constant atmosphere. Were these made by ocean shores? If such an ocean existed, the water that it contained would have formed a global ocean at least thirty meters deep.

Origin of the disappearance
But why did the water on Venus and Mars, that appeared to be present in such vast amounts, disappear? Given the pressure present on the surface of the three planets at the beginning of their lives, without a doubt, water existed in its gaseous form on Venus, in its liquid form on Earth, and in its solid form on Mars.

Venus
The presence of a large quantity of carbon dioxide and water vapor created a rapidly intensifying greenhouse effect, of the sort that the surface temperature rose steadily until its currently recorded 730 K. In the absence of this greenhouse effect (given the distance of Venus from the Sun), the surface temperature would have been roughly 300 K. The surface carbon dioxide pressure being constant, how can one explain the disappearance of the water present at the origin whose presence in the atmosphere was confirmed by the enrichment of the residual water vapor in deuterium? According to palaeontologists, the water vapor would have been broken up by the Sun's radiation, then escaped into space. The planet Mars has two characteristics: firstly, it is farther away from the Sun; secondly, it is notably smaller and less dense. Mars' mass is equal to about a tenth of that of Earth. These characteristics signify that a its origin, Mars contained much less heavy or radioactive elements that would contribute to its internal energy.

Mars
At the beginning of its life, the pressure on the surface of Mars was, without a doubt, lower than that of Venus or Earth; nevertheless, the primitive atmosphere of the red planet was denser than prevails today. The probably presence of liquid water is an indicator; diverse recent discoveries have provided others. The magnetometer of the Mars Global Surveyor probe recently discovered a faint magnetic field in the southern hemisphere. This field could be a trace left by an former strong magnetic field that at the time of the first few hundred millions years of the planet's existence. This would indicate that Mars had a greater internal energy than is has today. This would have been accompanied by increased volcanic activity, and the formation of an atmosphere by gaseous emissions of the volcanoes. Planetologists have estimated the density of that atmosphere by studying the isotopic ratios between nitrogen and rare gases that are good indicators of atmospheric escape. The ratio between the densities of nitrogen isotopes 15N and 14N, in particular, is higher than that in the Earth's atmosphere by 70 percent. Such a value indicates that Mars' primitive atmosphere had an atmospheric pressure close to a tenth of Earth's. However, the magnetic field of Mars seams to have become extinct after a few billion of years, probably because of the small mass of the planet. The Martian atmosphere would then have more easily escaped in the absence of  a magnetic field and would have been disintegrated by ultraviolet rays. The remaining water has, then, has sunk through the Martian surface and has frozen in the crust as frost, probably at a depth of several hundred meters; this remaining water is observable today.

That is how water has, bit by bit, disappeared from Mars and Venus.

title: User:Spiggot/Origin of water on earth


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Vale of Avoca (bridge)

Vale of Avoca is the name of a large viaduct which carries St. Clair Avenue East over a ravine of the same name, in Toronto, Canada. Located just east of Yonge Street, the current triple arch bridge, also known as the St. Clair Viaduct, was built to connect the well-established community of Deer Park with the developing community of Moore Park in the 1920s. The bridge replaced an older structure and straightened the alignment of St. Clair Avenue in the process.

A small channelized tributary of the Don River, known as Yellow Creek, weaves beneath the central span. Much of David A. Balfour Park (named for the Toronto city councillor) consists of a nature trail that winds through the Vale of Avoca Ravine; the park also includes a grassy recreational area near an inlet into which Yellow Creek flows.

The bridge and the ravine it crosses is named after a poem by Thomas Moore.

History

The first bridge over the Vale of Avoca was an iron bridge, built in 1888. The bridge was built by John Thomas Moore in the hopes of encouraging investment in his new subdivision, Moore Park. Under the condition that he build the bridge, the Township of York purchased a strip of land across the valley and leased it to Moore, who was in return given the St. Clair Avenue right-of-way between Avoca Avenue and Inglewood Drive.

On December 16, 1912, Moore Park was annexed into Toronto at the instigation of landowners eager to obtain municipal services. Due to growing safety concerns regarding the old iron bridge, Toronto City Council authorized construction of a new bridge in 1922. Unlike the old bridge, this one would follow the straight alignment of St. Clair Avenue East (renamed in 1914). Two houses were expropriated and demolished, and the new structure built over two years at the cost of $716,653.58 (equivalent to $ million in ) It opened to traffic in November or December, 1924.

The old bridge remained open and operational throughout, with traffic detouring around construction on the eastern side. The former structure crossed the valley on an angle, beginning at St. Clair in the east and crossing to Pleasant Boulevard; it followed an electric line already in place. The eastern abutment and several concrete footings are still in place near the rim of the ravine as reminders of the old bridge. After completion of the new structure, the old one was promptly dismantled, and the material used to forge the fence that lines Avoca Avenue along the west side of the ravine. The Yellow Creek stream at the bottom was subsequently channelized to slow erosion.

In 1973, the City of Toronto government officially named the bridge structure and the ravine as The Vale of Avoca, after either the poem by Thomas Moore (after whom John Thomas Moore is named), or the River Avoca river valley in Ireland. The bridge was renovated in 1985.

Popular references
The events in Margaret Atwood's novel The Blind Assassin begins on the recounting of a car accident at the Vale of Avoca bridge: Laura had gone through a Danger barrier, then right off the St. Clair Avenue bridge into the ravine far below.

title: Vale of Avoca (bridge)