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Talk:Wingate & Finchley F.C.

The only problem with this article is that it is only the history of Wingate FC. There is another story to be told, and it is of equal interest. But yes they are the same club. Indeed, the history of Finchley FC is well worth telling especially as for the first 20 years of the post-war period they were one of the top amateur clubs in the country.

Great article. Does need POV removing in parts and wikilinks do not point to the right people. Also needs to be less 'current event' and more about the history and ethos of the club, which are the interesting parts. Needs work but so far v. good.Badgerpatrol 01:58, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

The History for Wingate F.C. is taken straight from the club's website, so I've tagged it as a copyright violation. Dancarney 16:33, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Jewish?
Please explain the context of the categories about Judaism and how that is linked to the club. Does the club only contract Jewish players? Was it founded by a Jewish person? What are the criteria that make it a Jewish club? --98.122.20.56 (talk) 15:55, 16 August 2016 (UTC)

 * Some support for it here: . I don´t know if it´s enough to make it a "Jewish Club" in the WP-sense, but it´s something. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 06:13, 21 August 2016 (UTC)

What is the name of the club's ground?
The article mentions both Harry Abrahams and Maurice Rebak. If it's been renamed, please clarify. --Dweller (talk) Become old fashioned! 13:18, 7 August 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Wingate & Finchley F.C.


text:
Tesh

Tesh may refer to:
 * The symbol used for the voiceless postalveolar affricate in the International Phonetic Alphabet
 * John Tesh (born 1952), American pianist, pop music composer, radio host and television presenter
 * Tesh, Tjesh or Thesh, Predynastic ancient Egyptian king
 * Tesh, Iran, a village in Gilan Province, Iran

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Tesh


text:
Jonas Svensson (tennis)

Jonas Bengt Svensson (born 21 October 1966) is a former professional tennis player from Sweden.

During his career, Svensson was a French Open semi-finalist twice (in 1988 and 1990) both times as unseeded player. In the 1988 French Open he defeated Ivan Lendl in the quarters and lost to Henri Leconte in the semis. In the 1990 French Open he defeated Sergi Bruguera in 5 sets in the 2nd round, who had earlier defeated Stefan Edberg, the top seed in the 1st round. He lost to Andre Agassi in the semis. In the 1989 Australian Open he defeated Boris Becker in the 4th round.

He won five top-level singles titles and reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 10.

He later married Swedish hurdler Frida Svensson.

title: Jonas Svensson (tennis)


text:
Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri

Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri Mēlpattūr Nārāyaṇa Bhaṭṭatiri; 1560–1646/1666), third student of Achyuta Pisharati, was a member of Madhava of Sangamagrama's Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics. He was a mathematical linguist (vyakarana). His most important scholarly work, Prakriya-sarvasvam, sets forth an axiomatic system elaborating on the classical system of Panini. However, he is most famous for his masterpiece, Narayaneeyam, a devotional composition in praise of Guruvayurappan (Krishna) that is still sung at Guruvayur Temple.

Birth and education
Bhattathri was from a village named Melpathur at Kurumbathur in Athavanad Panchayat near Kadampuzha, very close to the Tirur River, as well as near to the holy town of Thirunavaya and Bharathappuzha, that was famed as the theatre of the Mamankam festival, in Malappuram district. He was born in 1560 in a pious Brahmin family, as the son of Mathrudattan Bhattathiri, a pandit himself. Bhattathiri studied from his father as a child. He learned the Rig Veda from Madhava, Tharka sastra (science of debate in Sanskrit) from Damodara and Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar) from Achyuta Pisharati. He became a pandit by the age of 16. He married his guru Achuta Pisharati's niece and settled at Thrikkandiyur in Tirur.

He was one of the last mathematicians of the Sangamagrama school, which had been founded by Madhava in Kerala, South India and included among its members: Parameshvara, Neelakanta Somayaji, Jyeshtadeva, Achyuta Pisharati, Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri and Achyuta Panikkar. It flourished between the 14th and 16th centuries and the original discoveries of the school seems to have ended with Bhattathiri.

It seems that he had a younger brother named after his father (Mathrudattan Jr.,). One of the manuscripts of Narayaneeyam says that it was copied by the author's younger brother Matrdatta. The Melpathur family is now extinct and it is said that it was merged into the Maravancheri Thekkedathu family.

Narayaneeyam
The Narayaniyam is a devotional Sanskrit work, in the form of a poetical hymn, consisting of 1036 verses (called 'slokas' in Sanskrit). It was written by Bhattathiri in 1586 AD and gives a summary of 18,000 verses of the Bhagavata Purana.

Pisharadi has been affected by rheumatism. Unable to see his pain, by yogic strength and by way of Gurdakshina, Bhattathri is said to have taken the disease upon himself and relieved his guru. To relieve Narayana of this disease, Ezhuthachan, a Malayalam poet and Sanskrit scholar hinted- "meen thottu koottuka" (start with the fish). On the face of it, the suggestion would seem offensive to an orthodox Malayali Brahmin, who are strict vegetarians. However, Bhattathiri, understanding the hidden meaning, decided to present the various incarnations of Vishnu starting with the fish, as narrated in the Bhagavata Purana in a series of Dasakas (groups of ten slokas). Upon reaching Guruvayur, he started composing one dasaka a day in the presence of the Lord. The refrain in last sloka of every dasaka is a prayer to him to remove his ailments and sufferings. Every day, he sang 10 shlokas on Sri Guruvayoorappan. Each set of 10 poems ends with a prayer for early cure. In 100 days he finished his compositions, and his condition gradually improved day by day. On 27 November 1587 when he finished the last dashakam ("Ayuraarogya Sowkhyam") he was completely cured. The 100th canto composed on that day gives a graphic description of this form of the Lord from the head to the foot. On that day he had a vision of the Lord in the form of Venugopalan. He was 27 then. He was a propounder of Purva Mimamsa, Uttara Mimamsa and Vyakarana.

The Chakorasandesa which was earlier than Narayaneeyam also refers to rheumatic patients going to the Guruvayoor Temple. Worship in the Guruvayoor Temple is considered to be sure remedy for all diseases. It may be because of this belief that Bhattathiri went to Guruvayoor.There is another story saying that when Bhattathiri was about to finish his masterpiece Narayaneeyam. Bhattathiri pleaded to Lord Guruvayoorapan for the relief of his disease. Lord Guruvayoorapan appeared himself before Bhattathiri and showed Lord's two hand and said that one of his hands did have the power to cure his disease. And showed his other hand and said that it had Karunyam. Bhattathiri thought for a moment and chose the hand which had Karunyam. He later explained that if we have Karunyam we all automatically get all the prosperity and well-being. Lord gave the Karunyam and it is said that Bhattathiri's disease was cured.

Friendship with Poonthanam
While Narayana Bhattathiri was composing Narayaneeyam in Guruvayur temple, Poonthanam, another great devotee of Lord Guruvayoorapa and also a poet who wrote many great works about Lord Guruvayoorapa including the njanappana in Malayalam, had also come there to worship Lord Guruvayoorapan. One day he took some of his poems of the njanappana to Bhattathiri in order to correct them and improve them, but this was dismissed by Bhattathiri with a haughty remark that Poonthanam didn't know the correct meaning of words and he didn't want to waste his time on such silly works. Later that night lord Guruvayoorapan himself appeared in Bhattathiri's dream and criticized him by saying that he preferred Poonthanam's bhakthi than Bhattathiri 's knowledge. And then the next day itself Bhattathiri apologized to poonthanam and corrected mistakes then they became friends.

Works
He wrote on diverse subjects including scientific ones. His works are:
 * Narayaniyam
 * Kriyakrama or Asvalayanakriyakrama
 * Prakriyasarvasva
 * Sripadasaptati (Supposed to be his last work)
 * Dhatukavya
 * Svahasudhakara
 * Matsyavatara
 * Rajasuya
 * Ashtamicampu (fine description of Astami festival celebrated in the month of Krithigai (Nov-Dec) in the Shiva temple at Vaikom in north Travancore.
 * Dutavakya
 * Subhadradharana
 * Pancalisvayamvara

Under the patronage of Cochin Vira Keralavarman (1601-1615 A.D) Melputtur wrote the Gosrinagaravarnana and Virakeralaprasasti.

Death
It is said that Bhattathiri lived at least for 86 years, since his wish was to have a happy, healthy, long life as seen at the end of Narayaneeyam. One poem says that he lived for 106 years, and accordingly he should have died in 1666. But, 86 is considered more reliable. Accordingly, he lived in many places after his cure of rheumatism, like Kochi, Ambalapuzha, Kozhikode and finally he settled in Mookkola near Changaramkulam in the present-day Malappuram district. He stayed in the Devi temple there for around 20 years, and he wrote his last work there. One day, after returning from Mookkola Temple, he collapsed and died instantly. Thus, he had a peaceful end as he wished.

There is a monument in the name of Melpathur Bhattathiripad still in the village where he was born and is known as Melpathur illaparambu.

title: Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri


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User:Sky Harbor

You may view this user page in English or Tagalog. Maaari mong tingnan ang pahina ng tagagamit na ito sa Ingles o Tagalog.

tl:User:Sky Harbor

title: User:Sky Harbor


text:
Rachel Harvey

Rachel Harvey was a Jersey-registered fishing vessel which, at 9:45 p.m. on 1 October 1999, struck rocks 200 yd off Peninnis Head in the Isles of Scilly in stormy seas. St Mary's Lifeboat and a search-and-rescue Sea King helicopter from RNAS Culdrose attended the scene. The lifeboat picked up all six crew, but one man was pronounced dead on arrival at St Mary's Hospital.

title: Rachel Harvey


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Talk:Shropshire/Archive

In response to "What a mess!" -

Shropshire does not need more than one page as the traditional and ceremonial counties are the same thing and the administrative county is simply the traditional/ceremonial one minus Telford. It's not that hard to comprehend!!

Keep it as it is.

David.

195.92.168.169 on the 16th of October, was me, but I was logged out because I went offline. User:Alun Ephraim

Although none of the other edits done by 195.92.168.169, were done by me...I'm confused.

Alun Ephraim

Why "Salops"? It doesn't resemble "Shropshire" much. It seems like some German said it, and then he repeated it to a Chinese, and then to an Egyptian. How did this weird abbreviation occur? --Menchi (Talk)ü| â 10:15, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * It comes from Salopia the Latin name for Shrewsbury. Hence "Salops" = "the county based at Shrewsbury". For a time after the 1974 reorganisation "Salop" was the official name of the county, but it was much disliked and was changed back before too long. Arwel 15:11, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * So why is is Salops and not Salop in this article? I don't recall seeing it as Salops before Mintguy 20:25, 20 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * You know how archaeologists always describe something which they don't know what it is as "a ritual object"? Well, I shall merely say that it's "traditional". :) Arwel 00:16, 22 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Salops has often been used as an abbreviation for the county on letters. Maybe somebody mixed things up. Timrollpickering 21:16, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC)

What a mess!
This article is a mess! It's trying to refer to 3 different things simultaneously, and failing miserably. Let me demonstrate, going through, sentence by sentence:

Opening: Shropshire (abbreviated Salop) is an county in the West Midlands of England, bordering Cheshire, Staffordshire, Telford and Wrekin, Worcestershire, Herefordshire, Powys, and Wrexham.

- obviously refering to the current, two-tier administrative county.

''It is one of England's most rural counties. The current county town is Shrewsbury, but was traditionally Ludlow, ''

- ' if the county town was traditionally Ludlow'', then we are now refering to the traditional county, and different entity. '''

''[...] and the largest town is by far the major industrial centre and New Town of Telford. ''

- here, we are obviously refering to either the traditional county or the ceremonial county; not, in any event, what the article's opening sentence refered to, which bordered Telford and Wrekin and obviously can't also contain Telford!

''The county is sub-divided into districts - Bridgnorth, North Shropshire, Oswestry, Shrewsbury and Atcham, South Shropshire. It used to contain Telford and Wrekin, which is now a separate unitary authority. ''

- Now we're back with the administrative county which used to contain Telford - even though only a sentence ago the same "county" contained Telford!

''Quite why a remote, rural county on the Welsh border, was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, mystifies many people. ''

- Now we're back to the traditional county, since neither administrative nor ceremonial shropshire was around at the time the industrial revolution was beginning.

''Geographically, Shropshire is divisible into several distinct areas: [...] Telford and the Wrekin Unitary Authority, is in the east of the county...''

'''...and we is being refered to here? Traditional? Cerremonial? The aritlce opened by saying that Telford and the Wrekin Unitary Authority bordered Shropshire, and now it's saying that the same authority is in the east of the "county"! And then the map shows only the administrative county!

What an utter mess! And it goes on... (e.g. at the base of the article we are then told that this is actually an article on one of the 'Ceremonial counties of England'!)'''

Therefore, the following should be done to resolve this: 1) Create a much-needed seperate page for the traditional county (Shropshire (traditional)) 2) Move information pertaining to the administrative entity to Shropshire (administrative) with reference to the creation of the ceremonial county in combination with Telford "county". 3) On the main Shropshire page, include maps of all three "shropshire"s, provide non-specific information, and link to the other two articles. 80.255 23:23, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually, all that is needed is to make clear which areas are administratively independent, and when discussing stats compare the ceremonial and administrative areas, as is done succesfully on Dorset and Hampshire. Joe D (t) 11:32, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * But I've already done this - about a year ago! David, Shropshire
 * Ooops, didn't spot the year in the timestamp, thought it was current as somebody else left the reply (the spam) below. Joe D (t) 18:52, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

And I'm amazed no-one has mention - Morris Telford - A Salopian Odyssey, the BBC book about the Shropshire man's quest to tell the world how good Shropshire really is - www.cafepress.com/morristelford

How to visit shropshire
A relative of mine has studied Shropshire for some years. I therefore refer to is excellent article on tourism in the Shropshire region entitled "How to visit shropshire". Enjoy. http://csteinbach.com/steve Chris 08:13, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Can someone please clarify the reference to 'the Shropshire Regiment' burning the White House - which regiment was this please?? Saga City 21:05, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * I have answered my own question and, as a result, removed the reference. In 1814, when the burning took place the Shropshire county regiment - the 53rd of Foot - was in Europe. The regiment involved was the 85th Regiment of Foot, this was raised in Buckinghamshire. The contributer must have picked up the fact that in 1881, a long time after the incident, the two regiments were amalgamated to become, in the fullness of time, the KSLIs - the King's Shropshire Light Infantry - but this was 67 years after the event, so isn't relevant to this page.

title: Talk:Shropshire/Archive


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Talk:Derry/Londonderry name dispute

The real question is - why does Wikipedia take a side rather than using the official name?
I remember many years ago when Wikipedia first started I corrected 'Derry' to Londonderry (not knowing there was all this backstory to it - I tried to find Derry on Google maps and at that time it wasn't listed as a secondary name, so I assumed it was someone using slang, and innocent minded me corrected it only to end up getting banned from editing the article and served on my old talk page and abused) - it surprised me that Wikipedia would take--back then and now--such a partisan stance on the topic. I get that it's slowly been stacked by far leftists, but supporting communist radicals over the official name that the people, government, and foreign nationals know a region as is a bit absurd. Although it wouldn't be the first time Wikipedia has found itself in bed with terrorists. Cough, Lockerbie, cough. 121.210.33.50 (talk) 02:14, 26 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia uses names most commonly used in published sources. And that's the first time I've heard the Apprentice Boys of Derry called Communist radicals! Cordless Larry (talk) 07:59, 26 March 2019 (UTC)
 * The Apprentice boys were a bunch of working class youths engaged in armed rebellion against King James. That sounds pretty radical to me . Tlhslobus (talk) 22:11, 31 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Might I recommend Conservapedia if you find Wikipedia too leftist ;-) Anyway these talk pages are for discussing improvements to the associated article not so that people can soapbox. Dmcq (talk) 11:14, 26 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Perhaps, but soap-boxing or not, the originator has actually raised a reasonable question regarding our usage that some readers might want to see answered, most logically in the Style Guides section. But supplying such readers with an answer might be complicated given our rules, so I've tried to start a discussion on the matter in a new section below.Tlhslobus (talk) 22:11, 31 August 2021 (UTC)

Style Guides:Wikipedia?
I feel the article would be improved by saying something about Wikipedia's own usage in the Style Guides section, as that might be of interest to quite a lot of people (including me, both as a reader and as an editor), and because its omission probably must look rather strange to readers who may want this info (as I do). However I'm reluctant to try without first hearing positive feedback from here, both because I'm not too sure about what our usage actually is, and because reliable primary sources would not be a problem, but the likely shortage of Reliable secondary Sources probably would be, so that I suspect one could only include it by citing WP:IAR and WP:5P5, which, per WP:NOTCOMPULSORY and WP:BNO, I'm rather reluctant to do without getting favourable feedback here first. Tlhslobus (talk) 21:53, 31 August 2021 (UTC)
 * I don't think it's appropriate to mention Wikipedia's own style guides here. Wikipedia isn't a trend setter, it follows reliable sources. Mentioning it here could imply that Wikipedia is a source of a style for others to use and I don't think that's appropriate. Canterbury Tail talk 21:57, 31 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your feedback. I don't think Wikipedia has any clear style guide on this particular matter (though if it does, I would love to see it mentioned in the article). But I think interested readers are entitled to know how we deal with the question and why, and I think it should be perfectly possible to provide them with an answer without implying we are a style guide to be imitated. I suggested the Style Guides section because it seems the logical place at present, but a separate Wikipedia Usage section would also be fine by me, even if it only says basically something like what you have just said above ("Wikipedia ... follows reliable sources.") with perhaps a few Wikilinks to relevant sections such as WP:RS and WP:COMMONNAME. Alternatively we already have one or more articles about Wikipedia, and it may be possible to give the answer there (if it is not already given there) and to Wikilink to there from our article. Or we might just say "For the main rules governing Wikipedia's own usage of Derry and Londonderry, see X, Y,and Z" (though I'm not yet clear to which sections we should link, but WP:COMMONNAME would probably be one of them; WP:ENGVAR might or might not also be relevant; and so on). After all we are supposed to be here to inform and serve our readers, not to keep them in the dark on the basis of unhelpful rules or traditions. Tlhslobus (talk) 22:32, 31 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia Manual of Style for this issue can be found at WP:IMOS, specifically WP:DERRY. Even so I'm of the opinion that Wikipedia should not put its style guides in an encyclopaedic article like this, other usages and guides inform us we don't want to be the ones informing others from a process perspective. Canterbury Tail talk 13:06, 1 September 2021 (UTC)

Question
Why is this seen as a fair compromise? To have City as "Derry" and County of "Londonderry" when pageviews show the former with more than 3 million all-time views, and the latter with 700 thousand. Zilch-nada (talk) 11:25, 2 June 2023 (UTC)

Requested move 6 August 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. Consensus emerged that, among sources seeking to use both "Derry" and "Londonderry", the "Derry/Londonderry" spelling was the WP:COMMONNAME. Supporters of the move cited MOS:ENBETWEEN in support of the proposal, but opponents of the move argued that the COMMONNAME status should overrule the MOS guidance. This latter argument had a sound policy basis (as COMMONNAME is a policy, whereas the MOS is a guideline), leading me to find a consensus against the move.The proposal also included a phrasing change from "name dispute" to "naming dispute", but this aspect of the proposal was not discussed at all. (closed by non-admin page mover) ModernDayTrilobite (talk • contribs) 15:40, 16 August 2023 (UTC)

Derry/Londonderry name dispute → Derry–Londonderry naming dispute – Per MOS:ENBETWEEN, an en-dash is used to express a parallel connection between two words or objects. See Denali–Mount McKinley naming dispute and Eye–hand span. 〜 Festucalex  •  talk  13:00, 6 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppose The nickname "Stroke City" (see Derry/Londonderry name dispute) comes from the stroke in Derry/Londonderry, it's not nicknamed "En-Dash City" or "Hyphen City". Kathleen's bike (talk) 13:10, 6 August 2023 (UTC)
 * The stroke proposal isn't what the article is about. It's about the names "Derry" and "Londonderry". You can see that the "Derry/Londonderry" proposal is not official or widespread in any capacity, and neither side of the debate actually uses it. It only appears in the article as a couple of sentences in one section. 〜 Festucalex  •  talk  13:42, 6 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose I see no advantage at all. The MOS is not leading in this matter but the common use outside Wikipedia. The proposed name is plain unused there. The Banner  talk 14:00, 6 August 2023 (UTC)
 * That's the exact opposite of what it is outside Wikipedia. "Derry" and "Londonderry" are the COMMONNAMEs, while "Derry/Londonderry" isn't. 〜 Festucalex  •  talk  14:28, 6 August 2023 (UTC)
 * No, it is not. The dispute is commonly named "Derry/Londonderry name dispute", not "Derry–Londonderry naming dispute". The MOS does not overwrite the common use. Nor can the MOS be used to introduce a new term. The Banner  talk 14:42, 6 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Can you prove that the dispute itself has this specific COMMONNAME with this specific punctuation? 〜 Festucalex  •  talk  14:47, 6 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Try Google. The Banner  talk 14:54, 6 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Already did, that's why I asked you in case I missed anything (it's your claim, after all, you're the one who's supposed to prove it). I can't find anything definite, only WP:MIRRORs and a mere 2 books that almost definitely got the name from Wikipedia. Nothing to prove a WP:COMMONNAME that would override the MOS guideline. 〜 Festucalex  •  talk  15:01, 6 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Support with a comment that opposing voters are making this more convoluted than it needs to be. Killuminator (talk) 19:32, 6 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppose As per WP:COMMONNAME which states "Wikipedia does not necessarily use the subject's "official" name as an article title; it generally prefers the name that is most commonly used (as determined by its prevalence in a significant majority of independent, reliable English-language sources)" The stroke appears to be the most common separator between the two names when they are used together in English-language sources giving rise to the nickname of "Stroke City". Tk420 (talk) 21:53, 6 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Support It seems the MOS would corroborate this move. Aneirinn (talk) 02:31, 7 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppose as project convention doesn't override real-world WP:COMMONNAME use. As noted by other contributors above, and reflecting the Stroke City redirect and section, the separator used outside the project is the slash or "stroke". Not a dash. Per this article on the subject, "[m]any official documents in Northern Ireland now use "Derry/Londonderry" giving rise to the nickname 'Stroke City'." See for example the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission report "The Derry/Londonderry Report on Upholding the Human Right to Culture in Post-Conflict Societies" or UK govt press release on "Derry / Londonderry named UK City of Culture 2013", etc. Can't support a change which (to my mind) adds no material value and detracts from this convention and specific element of the topic.. Guliolopez (talk) 17:17, 7 August 2023 (UTC)
 * The way I see it, this would be endorsing the non-COMMON slash name, which is POV. After all, the article for the city itself isn't titled with the slash name. Neither Nationalists nor Loyalists actually use the slash name, and both object to it. A dash would put both the actual COMMONNAMEs on equal footing. 〜 Festucalex  •  talk  17:45, 7 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Well, I simply don't agree with that premise or argument. To my ear and my eye, the slash/stroke separator is commonly used when referring to the topic. So much so that the punctuation/separator become a form of short-hand for the topic itself. "Stroke City". Ignoring or overriding that doesn't make sense to me. In the context of COMMONNAME and ENGVAR. As it doesn't, it seems, to the (apparently mostly Ireland/NI/GB-based) editors who've questioned the proposed change. Almost all of whom, I note, have had their input questioned/challenged (in a way that, to my read, is at least partially covered under WP:BADGER). Guliolopez (talk) 21:27, 7 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I certainly never intended to badger anyone. Each have raised a certain point, and I simply discussed it. 〜 Festucalex  •  talk  03:00, 8 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Comment I am not sure if this is helpful but I have found MOS:ENGVAR which states that although words common to all varieties of English are preferred a particular dialect of English (formal not colloquial) should be used if there are strong national ties to the topic. This is known to apply to spelling and grammar but could also potentially apply to punctuation. The use of a stroke appears to be common in both British and Hiberno English in the context of Derry/Londonderry considering it is in Northern Ireland with the county bordering the Republic of Ireland and the city being close to the border so some crossover between the two dialects can be expected. It is also worth remembering that in Hiberno English spelling is aligned with British English unlike American English. If this is helpful, this guideline appears to be in favour of continuing to use the slash. Tk420 (talk) 21:16, 7 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Google Trends I have taken the liberty of performing a Google Trends comparison considering it is a recommended source for determining the most common name for a topic although it should be taken with a pinch of salt. When narrowing down to searches from the United Kingdom, I found there were actually much more searches for "Derry~Londonderry" with a tilde throughout the UK including Northern Ireland since 2004 although "Derry/Londonderry" with the stroke was still more popular in searches from NI than searches for "Derry-Londonderry" with a dash. My comparison for searches from Ireland (Republic) over the same period yields similar results. However, there is the possibility that "Derry~Londonderry" with a tilde could be used informally when MOS:ENGVAR says to use the formal dialect of a country (not colloquialisms). Tk420 (talk) 18:41, 9 August 2023 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. <b style="color: #FF0000;">Please do not modify it.</b> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

title: Talk:Derry/Londonderry name dispute


text:
File:Silvia Helena-Cardoso.jpg

Summary
Silvia Helena Cardoso, Brazilian scientist, teacher and author. Photographed by: Renato M.E. Sabbatini.

title: File:Silvia Helena-Cardoso.jpg


text:
Car Colston

Car Colston is an English village and civil parish in the Rushcliffe borough of Nottinghamshire. The population of the civil parish at the time of the 2011 census was 185, falling to 171 at the 2021 census.

Location and transport
Car Colston lies just off the A46 (the Fosse Way), 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Bingham and 2 miles (3.2 km) west of East Bridgford. It is also adjacent to Little Green, Screveton, Scarrington and Newton.

There are seven buses a day that stop at Car Colston between Nottingham and Newark-on-Trent on Mondays to Saturdays. The nearest railway station is at Bingham, which has services every one or two hours towards Nottingham, Grantham or Skegness.

Governance
Since the parish is small, it has a parish meeting instead of a parish council. The village forms a conservation area, which was last reviewed and extended in June 2009.

The member of Parliament (MP) for the Newark constituency, to which Car Colston belongs, is the Conservative Robert Jenrick.

Now in Rushcliffe borough, it was formerly in Bingham Rural District and before 1894 in Bingham Wapentake.

Amenities
There are retail, medical and other services at Bingham. The village pub is the Royal Oak on The Green, which is a feature of the village.

Car Colston has a private pre-school at Old Hall Farm. There are primary schools at East Bridgford (2 miles, 3.2 km) and Bingham. Toot Hill School in Bingham is a secondary school with a sixth form and academy status.

The parish church is dedicated to St Mary the Virgin. It forms a joint Anglican parish with St Wilfrid's Church, Screveton. They both belong, with Flintham, Kneeton and East Bridgford, to the Fosse Group of Parishes. A service of Holy Communion is held once a month. The Methodist church at Scarrington (1.7 miles, 2.7 km) has a Sunday evening service every other week and a Bible study group.

Car Colston Cricket Club plays on the village common every Sunday in summer months. It was founded in 1864. The Annual Presidents' Day celebration for the club sees them play local rivals Flintham Cricket Club for the John Gilbert Trophy. Gilbert played for the club all his life until his passing in 2015. On Presidents' Day some 250 people attend a summer luncheon and watch the match from a marquee.

Toponymy
The place appears as Colestone in the Domesday survey of 1086, but as Kyrcoluiston in 1242, and variants thereof subsequently. The original affix, Old Norse kirkja, 'church', was later confusingly replaced by Middle English ker, meaning 'fenland'. The suffix seems to contain an Old Norse personal name Kolr + tūn (Old English), an enclosure; a farmstead; a village; an estate.., so 'Kolr's farm/settlement'.

Heritage
The earliest signs of human occupation date from the Bronze Age. There are remains of the foundations of a Roman villa in the south-west corner of the village. The village appears as "Colestone" in the 1086 Domesday Book, which records three manors. Car Colston was the home of the notable local historian Robert Thoroton (1623–1678). Most of the present-day buildings date from the 18th and early 19th centuries. The village has 13 listed historic buildings, which are listed at the end of the Conservation Area Appraisal Report.

The population of Car Colston was 152 in 1801, 213 in 1821, and 249 in 1831.

Village greens
The two conspicuous village greens (the 16+1⁄2 acre acre Large Common and the 5+1⁄2 acre Little Common) originated in the Elizabethan era. They are alternatively known as Large Green and Little Green. Large Green in particular is reputedly the largest green in England. In 1598 landowners had fields within the parish enclosed, but agreed on leaving the greens open so that cottagers could graze their cattle, geese and horses. Three roads from the village show fence posts put in place to support gates preventing the animals escaping, which have since been removed to allow vehicular access. These rights are still in use and the parish Common Rights Committee continue to enforce them.

title: Car Colston


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York and Lancaster Regiment

The York and Lancaster Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army that existed from 1881 until 1968. The regiment was created in the Childers Reforms of 1881 by the amalgamation of the 65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot and the 84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot. The regiment saw service in many small conflicts and both World War I and World War II until 1968, when the regiment chose to be disbanded rather than amalgamated with another regiment, one of only two infantry regiments in the British Army to do so, with the other being the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles).

History
The regiment was formed on 1 July 1881 through the amalgamation of two regiments of foot and a militia regiment:
 * 65th (2nd Yorkshire) Regiment
 * 84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment
 * 3rd West York Light Infantry Militia (two battalions)

Under the original scheme of amalgamation announced in March 1881 the title of the new regiment was to be The Hallamshire Regiment. This reflected the fact that the regimental district included an area of West Riding of Yorkshire known as Hallamshire. The proposed title was unpopular with the amalgamating units, who sought a more "suitable title... which at the same time would identify the regiment with the county (Yorkshire), which the word 'Hallamshire' entirely fails to do." Four different titles were proposed, and following a vote of the officers of all four battalions, the title York and Lancaster Regiment was chosen. The regiment inherited the title "York and Lancaster" from the 84th Foot to which had been awarded in 1809. The 84th was one of the few Regiments of Foot lacking a county designation and the title was given in recognition of the fact that the unit had been raised in York in 1793, with a second battalion in Preston, Lancashire in 1808.

Sudan, 1884
The 1st battalion of the new regiment had spent 11 years in India (as the 65th Reg) 1871–1882. They were moved to Aden to be held in reserve for the Egyptian Campaign. After 18 months, they shipped on the Serapis to Trinkitat, Sudan, arriving 28 February 1884. The next day they came under gun fire and made a bayonet charge, capturing two Krupp guns. Later that day seven were killed and 35 wounded at the Battle of El Teb. The 1st battalion was reported as 421 strong when at Souakim, 14 March, before losing 32 killed and 25 wounded. They embarked on the troopship HMS Jumna on 29 March, arriving at Dover on 22 April 1884.

Second Boer War
The 1st battalion embarked for South Africa as part of the reinforcements for the Second Boer War in late 1899. It took part in the Relief of Ladysmith.

Service in the Empire
Following the end of the war in South Africa in 1902, the 1st battalion was sent to British India, where it replaced the 2nd battalion in Mhow. The 2nd battalion returned home, for the first time since 1883.

In 1908, the Volunteers and Militia were reorganised nationally, with the former becoming the Territorial Force and the latter the Special Reserve; the regiment now had one Reserve and two Territorial battalions.

First World War
In total, 22 battalions of the regiment served during the Great War, losing 8,814 officers and men killed in action.

The 22 battalions consisted of the two regular battalions, the depot battalion, six Territorial Force battalions, nine Service, two Reserve, one Transport and one Labour battalion. Of these battalions, 17 saw service overseas.

During the Battle of the Somme, eight battalions of the Yorks and Lancs' went over the top on the first day, 1 July 1916, suffering huge casualties. Eleven battalions of the regiment fought during the Somme offensive.

Regular Army
The regular 1st Battalion returned from service in British India to be formed up as part of the 83rd Brigade in the 28th Division. The 28th Division consisted of regular battalions returning from overseas service and was shipped to France in January 1915. The 1st Battalion saw action in the Second Battle of Ypres and the Battle of Loos. The battalion was then shipped to the Balkans as part of the British Salonika Army where it would remain until the end of the war. While the battalion was still in France Private Samuel Harvey was awarded the York and Lancs' first Victoria Cross since the regiment's creation in 1881.

The 2nd Battalion was stationed in Ireland with the 16th Brigade when war broke out. The battalion arrived on the Western Front in September 1914 with the 6th Division as part of the original British Expeditionary Force. The 2nd Battalion fought its first battle at Radinghem south of Armentières during the Race to the Sea. The 2nd Battalion fought in most of the major battles of the war including the Battle of the Somme and spent the entire war serving in France and Flanders. Private John Caffrey, 2nd battalion, was awarded the Victoria Cross in 1915. Following the armistice of 11 November 1918 troops from the York's and Lancaster Regiment were involved in a mutinous riot at the Clipstone Camp, Nottinghamshire, following disquiet at the slow rate of being demobilised.

Territorial Force

The 1/4th (Hallamshire) Battalion and the 1/5th Battalion landed at Boulogne-sur-Mer as part of the 3rd West Riding Brigade in the West Riding Division in April 1915 for service on the Western Front. The 2/4th (Hallamshire) Battalion and the 2/5th Battalion landed at Le Havre as part of the 187th Brigade in 62nd (2nd West Riding) Division in January 1917 also for service on the Western Front.

New Armies
The 6th (Service) Battalion landed at Suvla Bay in Gallipoli as part of the 32nd Brigade in the 11th (Northern) Division; the battalion was evacuated in December 1915 and moved to Egypt before moving on to France in July 1916 for service on the Western Front. The 7th (Service) Battalion (Pioneers) landed at Boulogne-sur-Mer as pioneer battalion for the 17th (Northern) Division in July 1915 also for service on the Western Front. The 8th and 9th (Service) Battalions landed at Boulogne-sur-Mer as part of the 70th Brigade in the 23rd Division in August 1915 also for service on the Western Front and then moved to Italy in November 1917. The 10th (Service) Battalion landed at Boulogne-sur-Mer as part of the 63rd Brigade in the 21st Division in September 1915 also for service on the Western Front.

The three Pals battalions, the 12th (Sheffield City) Battalion and the 13th and 14th Barnsley Battalions, landed in France as part of the 94th Brigade in the 31st Division in March 1916 for service on the Western Front. They suffered particularly heavily during the Battle of the Somme.

Regular Army
The 1st Battalion was part of the 15th Infantry Brigade of the 5th Infantry Division and was sent to France in October 1939, a month after the outbreak of the Second World War, where it served as part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). The battalion, with the rest of the 15th Brigade (which was temporarily detached from the 5th Division), was carried to and from Norway, where it fought briefly in the Norwegian Campaign in April 1940, by HMS Sheffield (C24); this led to a bond of friendship between the regiment and the ship, and meant that, when the Sheffield was adopted by its namesake city, the regiment was awarded the freedom of Sheffield soon after. The battalion, after evacuation to the United Kingdom in May 1940, was sent to Scotland where the 15th Brigade was reunited with rest of the division, later being posted to Northern Ireland in March 1942. After leaving the United Kingdom in March 1942 and being shipped around most of the British Empire and many Middle Eastern countries, the battalion was finally sent to the Mediterranean, where it fought in the Allied invasion of Sicily in July/August 1943, followed in early September by the Allied invasion of Italy. They then fought in the Italian Campaign, fighting, most notably, in the First Battle of Monte Cassino in January 1944 and remained there holding their objectives gained during the battle, before being sent to the Anzio beachhead in March. The battalion, as in the aftermath of Monte Cassino, remained at Anzio until late May, where it took part in Operation Diadem, and in June was withdrawn from the front line, returning to the Middle East in July, where the battalion remained for the next seven months, resting and refitting after nearly a year of continuous action in Sicily and Italy. Landing briefly in Italy in February 1945, the battalion, with the rest of the 5th Division, transferred to Belgium soon afterwards, arriving there in March, to take part in the Western Allied invasion of Germany, where the battalion ended the war.

The 2nd Battalion (part of the 14th Infantry Brigade) was involved in the defence of Heraklion, during the Battle of Crete in 1941. Most of their casualties in this battle were suffered in the withdrawal by the Royal Navy which came under heavy air attack from the German Luftwaffe. On returning to Egypt, they became part of the 70th Infantry Division used in the breakout from Tobruk, where they suffered heavy casualties as one of the lead battalions. In 1942, they were transferred, along with the rest of the 70th Infantry Division, to India and Burma where they took part in the Second Chindit Campaign and the Arakan offensive toward the end of the war.

Territorial Army
The Hallamshire Battalion, was part of Mauriceforce (Norwegian Campaign) in Norway in April 1940. The battalion was part of the 146th Infantry Brigade, itself part of the 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division. The Hallamshires took part in the unsuccessful Namsos Campaign and were evacuated back to Britain by 5 May. The Hallamshires were sent to Iceland and the United Kingdom in April 1942, not seeing active service until the battalion was landed in Normandy soon after D-Day in June 1944 and fought its way through France, Belgium (where Corporal John Harper was awarded the regiment's fifth Victoria Cross), and into the Netherlands, where it was part of the bitter fighting that led to the eventual capture of Arnhem in April 1945.

The former 5th Battalion (Territorial Army), which had converted to anti-aircraft artillery in 1936, served in the North African Campaign in 1941, as the 67th (York and Lancaster) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, before being transferred to India and then Burma, where it was prominent at Imphal, and later at Mandalay. From October 1944 to January 1945, the regiment served as infantry due to the shortage of manpower in the British Army at the time.

The 6th Battalion was a 2nd Line Territorial duplicate of the 4th Battalion, formed in 1939 when the TA was doubled in size. The battalion, part of the 138th Infantry Brigade of the 46th Infantry Division, went to France, under Lieutenant Colonel George Symes, in April 1940, and the following month experienced heavy fighting in the St Omer-La Bassée area. Taking part in the Dunkirk evacuation, the battalion returned to England in June 1940 and remained there on anti-invasion duties for the next two-and-a-half years. In early 1943, the battalion, now under Lieutenant Colonel Douglas Kendrew, together with the rest of the 46th Division, was sent to French North Africa where it became part of the British First Army and fought in the Tunisian Campaign until it ended in mid-May, with the battalion capturing thousands of Axis soldiers. After spending three months resting, refitting and training, the battalion then, in early September 1943, took part in the Allied invasion of Italy, suffering very heavy casualties. The battalion, after helping in the liberation of Naples, later participated in the breaching the Volturno Line, and advanced up the spine of western Italy, fighting along the Winter Line, and in the First Battle of Monte Cassino. In March 1944, the battalion, after nearly six months of continuous action, was withdrawn to Egypt and later Palestine to rest and refit. Returning to Italy in July, the battalion fought on the Gothic Line, before, in December 1944, being sent to Greece and returning again to Italy in April 1945.

Hostilities-only
Meanwhile, the 7th Battalion, which was raised in 1940, was in India (from December 1942), but served mainly on the North-West Frontier, before being moved to Burma in 1945, too late to contribute to the defeat of the Japanese.

The 8th and 9th battalions, both raised in 1940, after being stationed in Northern Ireland with the 71st Brigade from 1940 to 1942, were both sent to India in 1942 where they joined the 25th Indian Infantry Division. The 8th Battalion joined the 51st Indian Infantry Brigade and the 9th Battalion the 53rd Indian Infantry Brigade. The two battalions took a significant part in the Arakan battles of 1942–1943 and in the battles for southern Burma in 1944 to 1945.

The 10th Battalion was converted to tanks in India, becoming the 150th Regiment, Royal Armoured Corps, in the 254th Indian Tank Brigade. The 150th Regiment used Lee tanks with which it fought at the Battles of Imphal, Kohima and Meiktila and on the advance to Rangoon (Operation Dracula).

Post Second World War
Following the Second World War, the regiment saw service around the world, including participation in the Suez Crisis of 1956. With the reorganisation of the army in 1968, the York and Lancaster Regiment was one of two infantry regiments that chose to be disbanded rather than amalgamated with another regiment, the other regiment being the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles). However, although the 1st Battalion was disbanded in 1968, with the Regimental HQ closing in 1987, the traditions of the regiment were continued through the descendants of the Hallamshire Battalion, which was constituted as two companies in the Yorkshire Volunteers.

On 6 June 2006, the platoon took its rightful place in the ORBAT of the newly formed 4th Battalion The Yorkshire Regiment, thus ensuring a continued and direct link, via the Territorial Army, with The York and Lancaster Regiment. Recognition of this link was further reinforced by a recent decision by the Yorkshire Regiment Association (YRA) to recognise all former members of the York and Lancaster Regiment as members of the YRA.

Regimental museum
The York and Lancaster Regimental Museum is based at Clifton Park in Rotherham.

Battle honours
The regiment's battle honours were as follows:
 * combined battle honours of 65th Regiment and 84th Regiment1, plus:
 * Guadeloupe 17592, Martinique 17942, Tel-el-Kebir, Egypt 1882 '84, Relief of Ladysmith, South Africa 1899–1902
 * The Great War [22 battalions]: Aisne 1914, Armentières 1914, Ypres 1915 '17 '18, Gravenstafel, St. Julien, Frezenberg, Bellewaarde, Hooge 1915, Loos, Somme 1916 '18, Albert 1916, Pozières, Flers-Courcelette, Morval, Thiepval, Le Transloy, Ancre Heights, Ancre 1916, Arras 1917 '18, Scarpe 1917 '18, Arleux, Oppy, Messines 1917 '18, Langemarck 1917, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Broodseinde, Poelcappelle, Passchendaele, Cambrai 1917 '18, St. Quentin, Bapaume 1918, Lys, Hazebrouck, Bailleul, Kemmel, Scherpenberg, Marne 1918, Tardenois, Drocourt-Quéant, Hindenburg Line, Havrincourt, Épéhy, Canal du Nord, Selle, Valenciennes, Sambre, France and Flanders 1914–18, Piave, Vittorio Veneto, Italy 1917–18, Struma, Doiran 1917, Macedonia 1915–18, Suvla, Landing at Suvla, Scimitar Hill, Gallipoli 1915, Egypt 1916
 * The Second World War: Norway 1940, Odon, Fontenay Le Pesnil, Caen, La Vie Crossing, La Touques Crossing, Forêt de Bretonne, Le Havre, Antwerp-Turnhout Canal, Scheldt, Lower Maas, Arnhem 1945, North-West Europe 1940 '44–45, Tobruk 1941, Tobruk Sortie 1941, Mine de Sedjenane, Djebel Kournine, North Africa 1941 '43, Landing in Sicily, Simeto Bridgehead, Pursuit to Messina, Sicily 1943, Salerno, Vietri Pass, Capture of Naples, Cava di Terreni, Volturno Crossing, Monte Camino, Calabritto, Colle Cedro, Garigliano Crossing, Minturno, Monte Tuga, Anzio, Advance to Tiber, Gothic Line, Coriano, San Clemente, Gemmano Ridge, Carpineta, Lamone Crossing, Defence of Lamone Bridgehead, Rimini Line, San Marino, Italy 1943–45, Crete, Heraklion, Middle East 1941, North Arakan, Maungdaw, Rangoon Road, Toungoo, Arakan Beaches, Chindits 1944, Burma 1943–45

1. the honour "India" of the 84th Regt was modified to "India 1796–1819" in 1912 to differentiate it from the "India" Tiger badge of the 65th Regt

2. awarded 1909 for services of 65th Regiment

Victoria Cross awards

 * Private Samuel Harvey, 1st Battalion (29 September 1915)
 * Private John Caffrey, 2nd Battalion (16 November 1915)
 * Sergeant Frederick Charles Riggs, 6th (Service) Battalion (1 October 1918)
 * Sergeant John Brunton Daykins, 2/4th Battalion (20 October 1918)
 * Corporal John William Harper, Hallamshire Battalion (29 September 1944)

Affiliations

 * Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal − 1968
 * The Wellington Regiment (City of Wellington's Own) - 1913–1964
 * 7th Battalion (Hawke's Bay – City of Wellington's Own), Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment - 1964–1968
 * 7th Battalion, Royal Malay Regiment − 1968

title: York and Lancaster Regiment


text:
Union busting

Union busting is a range of activities undertaken to disrupt or weaken the power of trade unions or their attempts to grow their membership in a workplace.

Union busting tactics can refer to both legal and illegal activities, and can range anywhere from subtle to violent.

Labor laws differ greatly from country to country in both level and type of regulations in respect to their protection of unions, their organizing activities, as well as other aspects. These laws can affect topics such as posting notices, organizing on or off employer property, solicitations, card signing, union dues, picketing, work stoppages, striking and strikebreaking, lockouts, termination of employment, permanent replacements, automatic recognition, derecognition, ballot elections, and employer-controlled trade unions.

Article 23 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights declares that everyone has a right to form or join a trade union. The provision is, however, not legally binding and has, in most jurisdictions, no horizontal effect in the legal relation between employer and employees or unions.

There are many labor relations consultancies worldwide. They specialize in industries such as entertainment (radio, television and motion picture), hospitality (culinary and food service), communications, manufacturing, aerospace, utilities, and healthcare. Although many operate only in the United States, trade union organizing takes place multi-nationally. According to the AFL-CIO, "one of the largest U.S. firms, Labor Relations Institute (LRI), offers a "Guaranteed Winner Package": if the corporation does not "win", it does not pay. In both the US and Europe, organizing campaigns increasingly involve immigrant non-English speaking workers. Internationally, compliance with labor laws within developed countries can be vastly different from emerging countries. Both trade union organizers and management must know the law and avoid unfair labor practice (ULP) charges.

Application and adherence to labor laws may differ worldwide, but labor laws continue to expand into new countries such as the Labour Law of the People's Republic of China and the Indian labour law. Trade union organizing often starts with workers who are untrained or unaware of labour law. Due to the changing global and multinational employment environment and labor relations/employment laws, the modern labor movement turns more and more to professional guidance. Internationally, laws differ in how a bargaining unit is defined for workers with job descriptions involving supervision or management. Because the operative word is "law", trade unions and workplaces may retain legal counsel to navigate the complexities of local and/or international labor laws in order to avoid unfair labor practice charges.

United Kingdom
Following the repeal of the Combination Laws in 1824, workers were no longer prohibited from forming labor organizations or collective bargaining, although significant restrictions remained. In 1832 the Friendly Society of Agricultural Labourers was formed in Dorset to challenge declining wages. The members of the organization agreed to only work for wages greater than a certain amount. In 1834 a landlord complained, and key members were charged and convicted under laws prohibiting the swearing of secret oaths. The sentence of seven years penal transportation to Australia prompted a movement to defend the members, known as the Tolpuddle Martyrs (referring to the village where the organization originated), who were eventually released in 1836 and 1837.

Presently, UK labor laws are defined within the Employment Relations Act 1999 (ERA) and the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992, and give workers no right to strike. In the UK and EU, trade union opposition may occur during automatic recognition campaigns and ballot elections. Workers in the UK may have union memberships that they retain job to job, potentially resulting in workers for the same employer having different union memberships. When a union is seeking to gain control of the collective bargaining at a place of employment without a ballot, workers with either individual and/or different union memberships working for that same employer may oppose that union.

Consultation is the process by which management and employees (or their representatives) jointly examine and discuss issues of mutual concern. It involves seeking acceptable solutions to problems through an exchange of views and information. Consultation does not remove the right of managers to manage, but it does impose an obligation that the views of employees be sought and considered before decisions are taken. The Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS), is the UK government's independent agency for advice and conciliation. Although the Trade Union Congress (TUC) and their member unions oppose the use of consultancies during recognition campaigns, calling it a union busting tactic, ACAS takes a different stance, "Employee communications and consultation are the lifeblood of any business. which "aims to improve organizations and working life through better employment relations".

Derecognition of a trade union, while legal, may be referred to as union busting by trade unions. Derecognition must be accomplished according to statutory guidelines. Workers may derecognize a union which either no longer has support from its members, or if union membership falls below 50%. Employers may derecognize a union if they no longer employ 21 or more workers. If the Central Arbitration Committee (CAC) accepts an application, and the union in question has either lost support or the membership level falls below 50% of the workers, the CAC can declare that a derecognition ballot be held."

2005 Heathrow union busting
One of the most significant cases of mass dismissals in the UK occurred in 2005, involving the termination of over 600 Gate Gourmet workers at Heathrow Airport. Gate Gourmet provides in-flight meals and had been owned by Texas Pacific since 2002. The company had been in talks with the Transport and General Workers' Union (TGWU) over redundancies and changes to overtime pay to try and stem losses when it hired 130 seasonal staff on lower wages than the permanent workers. Seeing this as a threat to their jobs, one shift refused to go back to work. Because this was seen as unofficial strike action, the workers were sacked, reportedly with only three minutes notice. The TUC later reported that the dispute had been engineered by the company to allow it to replace staff with workers on worse contracts.

This mass dismissal was viewed by some as a union busting tactic, and caused a great deal of media scrutiny. The terminations prompted a walkout by British Airways ground staff that paralysed flights and stranded thousands of travellers in the UK. The BBC reported that Andy Cook, Gate Gourmet's director of human resources at the time, said "the company had not been looking to cut the size of the protests, only stop the minority engaged in harassment." Cooke continues to direct labor relations activities from his UK labor relations consultancy.

A deal was brokered between Gate Gourmet and the TGWU by the TUC in September 2005.

United States

Union busting in the United States dates at least to the 19th century, when a rapid expansion in factories and manufacturing capabilities caused a migration of workers from agricultural work to the mining, manufacturing and transportation industries. Conditions were often unsafe, women worked for lower wages than men, and child labor was rampant. Because employers and governments did little to address these issues, labor movements in the industrialized world were formed to seek better wages, hours, and working conditions. The clashes between labor and management were often adversarial and were deeply affected by wars, economic conditions, government policies, and court proceedings.

Companies may influence unions through bargaining, labor relations, and by other means, but employer-controlled unions in the United States have been outlawed since the National Labor Relations Act of 1935. The act prohibits supervisors from joining unions as well as prohibiting employers from assisting (as in the event of unions competing in the organization of a company), or dominating any labor organization. Additionally, the two laws, passed in 1947 and 1959, respectively, were the Taft–Hartley Act and the Landrum–Griffin Act. These statutes guarantee the rights of private employees to form and join unions in order to bargain collectively. The vast majority of states have extended union rights to public employees. The Chamber of Commerce has a long history of anti-union lobbying and union-busting in the United States at the local and federal level.

Nathan Shefferman published The Man in the Middle, a 292-page account of his union busting activities, in 1961. Shefferman described a long list of practices which he viewed as tangential to union avoidance activities but which his detractors have labeled as support operations for these activities. Among these were the administration of opinion surveys, supervisor training, employee roundtables, incentive pay procedures, wage surveys, employee complaint procedures, personnel records, application procedures, job evaluations, and legal services. As part of his union busting strategies, all of these activities were performed with the goal of maintaining complete control of the work force by top management. Shefferman's book not only provided the concepts that animated all future union busting techniques, he also provided language that pro-labor supporters believe mask the intent of the policies.

In 1962 US President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10988, which established the right for public sector employees to form unions with certain limitations regarding collective bargaining and a special caveat making it illegal to strike (later enacted into law as ). In 1981 the public sector union PATCO (Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization) went on strike in violation of Kennedy's executive order. President Reagan exercised his power and fired all the striking members, causing the dissolution of the union. Although the firing was legal, he was criticized by labor organizations for union busting. PATCO reformed to become the National Air Traffic Controllers Association.

In the US, unlike the UK and several other countries, the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) provides a legally protected right for private sector employees to strike in order to gain better wages, benefits, or working conditions without the threat of termination. However, striking for economic reasons (i.e., protesting workplace conditions or supporting a union's bargaining demands) allows an employer to hire permanent replacements. If hired, the replacement worker can continue in the job, while the striking worker must wait for a vacancy. However, if the strike is due to unfair labor practices, the strikers replaced can demand immediate reinstatement at the end of the strike. If a collective bargaining agreement is in effect, and it contains a "no-strike clause", a strike during the life of the contract could result in the firing of all striking employees, and the dissolution of that union. Although legal, it is viewed by labor organizations as union busting.

Another common tactic is flooding the would be bargaining unit with new workers that are threatened and/or incentivised to avoid discussing the unionisation drive to refuse to sign cards or vote for the union, which can include importing workers with language skills uncommon to the workplace to drive a further wedge between the two sets of employees. Corporate headquarters staff can be assigned to individual units of the business in order to provide significantly increased surveillance of staff with the goal to reduce unionisation efforts and to find sham reasons to write up and fire organisers. These tactics often increase the cost to run the area in question significantly above what the unions would negotiate for but in the long term are viewed as acceptable in order to smash unions and prevent them taking a foothold. In worse case scenarios, entire stores may be closed under the auspices of "safety issues" or "redevelopment" and workers fired or diluted between multiple stores while also serving as a warning to other stores & workers that the company would rather fire them then have to negotiate with a union. In the United States businesses receive little pushback from regulator agencies and when violations are found they are often appealed and eventually dismissed or downplayed by judges, or are insignificantly punishing to prevent the illegal tactics being re-used.

Germany
NGG, the German union for restaurant and food workers in 1999 used the notion of union busting to characterize the practices of McDonald's in Germany to kick out employees' representative bodies (Betriebsräte) and to prevent the voting of such representative bodies. However, only the study Union Busting in Deutschland (Union Busting in Germany) by Werner Rügemer and Elmar Wigand introduced the notion and presented an analysis of union busting. The study was commissioned by the largest German union, the metal workers union IG Metall and has been published in 2014.

Rügemer and Wigand also referred in their study to US authors such as John Logan, Kate Bronfenbrenner, Martin Jay Levitt, and Joseph McCain. Subsequently, the authors published a much expanded and updated version in form of a book with the title ''Die Fertigmacher. Arbeitsunrecht und die professionelle Bekämpfung der Gewerkschaften'' (Union Busting, Labor Injustice and The Professional Fight Against Trade Unions). After this, the notion union busting is used routinely in the media and by all German unions.

Rügemer and Wigand defined union busting in the following sentences: "Union Busting is the purposeful application and modular combination of practices to prevent employer-independent organization and advocacy in a company. Another point is to prevent (sabotage) the industry. Union Busting is operated both to attack the achieved status quo of collectivity, participation and labor protection. As well as to end organizing efforts of employees already in the initial stage."

Later, Rügemer and Wigand founded the non-profit association Action Against Labour Injustice. The organization works for dependent employees and in particular works-councils. The target group are the people affected by union busting and other forms of work inequalities. The association helps the victims with public actions and by legal. Prominent examples for union busting in Germany are Amazon.com, Birkenstock, Legoland, Haticon, Nora Systems, United Parcel Systems, Charité/Vivantes, Neupack, Edeka, DURA Automotive Systems, Median, Maredo, H&M and OBI.

Derecognition or decertification of trade unions
Derecognition (UK) or decertification (US) of a union may be done lawfully, though these may be referred to as union busting by trade unions, even when it is initiated by members of the union.

Workers in the UK may derecognize a union that no longer has support from members or if union membership falls below 50%. Employers may derecognize a union if they no longer employ 21 or more workers. Generally, in the UK, an application for derecognition must be made to the Central Arbitration Committee (CAC), which declares that a derecognition/decertification ballot election will be held. However a company may decide to unilaterally derecognize, as long as it has a non-CAC recognition agreement in force.

In the US, the process is overseen by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). Employees may file a petition seeking a decertification election to determine whether or not the employees wish to retain the union. Like an election petition, a petition for decertification can only be filed during certain timeframes, specifically when a contract has expired or is about to expire.

In Canada all provinces have laws setting out provisions for employees to decertify unions. In most cases the governments have made it mandatory that employers post information for its employees on how to decertify the union.

Labor attorneys and consultancies
Organizations retain labor/employment attorneys and consultancies based on experience, track record, language skills, and reputation. Additionally, since labor laws differ from one nation to another, an organization might also consider experience with international labor laws within multinational corporations.

When trade union organizing occurs, labor attorneys are generally contacted for advice and often turn to consultants with whom they work on a regular basis who can do supervisory training on site. Some companies keep labor relations consultants and attorneys on retainer while others use external labor/employment lawyers and/or consultancies on an hourly per diem basis.

Many labor lawyers and consultants find clients by monitoring government offices such as the NLRB regional offices, where US trade unions are required to file RC (Representation Certification) or RD (Representation Decertification) petitions which are public record. These petitions reveal the names of organizations undergoing concerted activity and the name of the union seeking recognition or an election. These petitions are also used by organizations to conduct demographic studies of concerted activity regionally in order to prepare supervisory training in anticipation of organizing. Some companies maintain libraries and offer petition logs online as a courtesy for companies which cannot conduct the research themselves.

Similarly, UK trade unions are required by the ERA 1999 to adhere to specific procedures regarding trade union recognition, such as filing a "Letter of Intent" to the CAC, which simultaneously notifies not only the CAC but the employer as well. The filing then becomes public record which labor lawyers and consultancies can access in order to market their services.

Unions as union busters
The International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT), as an employer, refused to negotiate in 2011 with a group of its own union organizer employees who voted to form a union called the Federation of Agents and International Representatives (FAIR). On 29 August 2012, after being found guilty of unlawfully union busting their own employees' union, the IBT posted a notice that, according to an agreement approved by a regional director of the Obama administration's NLRB, that they would stop union busting. The notice assures Teamster employees that they will no longer be prevented from exercising their rights.

In an action involving the Retail Clerks International Association (RCIA, a part of the AFL-CIO), they lost their case when the NLRB found that the RCIA violated the NLRA by refusing to bargain with the representative of certain of its employees and by threatening employees with loss of their jobs unless they resigned from the union. The Board further found that the RCIA had violated Section 8(a) (1) by engaging in coercive conduct with respect to certain of its own employees.

In the book Labor Organizations as Employers: Unions Within Unions, the author explored three different unions and the struggle of their workforces to organize. Prompted largely by the same concerns which motivate employees of private and public employers to seek union protection, employees within several unions, the United Transportation Union (UTU), the Garment Workers (ILGWU), and the Textile Workers (TWUA) were thwarted in their attempts to organize.

Another recent example of union busting tactics used by one union against the other is the SEIU vs CNA conflict, where each union was battling for the others' members. In a press release dated March 10, 2008 Andy Stern of the SEIU accused the CNA of union busting: "The California Nurses Association has launched an anti-union campaign against nurses and other healthcare employees in Ohio, seeking to derail a three-year effort by the workers to unite in District 1199 of the Service Employees International Union." Central to the SEIU-CNA dispute were accusations by both organizations of raiding each other's members and campaigns, as well as disagreements about the direction of the labor movement. The SEIU is focused in its mission to organize workers at any cost, provoking criticism for its consolidation of smaller locals into mega unions.

Intelligence operations
Some corporations have sought to learn of union activities by employing informants,  the same way that unions employ salts to infiltrate a non union organization to gather propaganda and sow discord to gain union support. A plant or salt can be used to disrupt meetings, question the legitimacy and motives of either the union or management, and report the results of the meetings to their superiors. Disruption or reporting on union meetings is illegal, but can be difficult to prove in ULP hearings.

In 1980, the author of Confessions of a Union Buster, Martin J. Levitt, reported that he conducted a counter-organizing drive at a nursing home in Sebring, Ohio. He assigned confederates to scratch up cars, then blamed it on the union. Similar activities have not been reported by others, yet Levitt said that creating and exploiting a prolonged climate of fear was key for him destroying the union's credibility.

In the United States, the US Supreme Court has upheld the decision of the National Labor Relations Board that employer espionage or an employer's use of spies or agents within labor unions is an unfair labor practice under the Wagner Act.

Legal actions
Labor consultants, union organizers, and attorneys use rules and regulations to gain control of organizing drives. Most employers oppose union plans for card check elections and employ tactics to insure secret ballot elections instead. If the union focuses on one division of the company, employment lawyers may disrupt such plans and dilute the vote by petitioning the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to include other divisions. If the union seeks to include foreman or "junior supervisor" positions in a bargaining unit to increase membership, the definition of what constitutes a supervisor under the NLRA will often be challenged by employment or new staff added to dilute the strength of the organisers. Even the jurisdiction of the NLRB to oversee an organizing drive may be challenged. Delays can turn an organizing campaign into a protracted struggle, and according to Martin J. Levitt such battles are almost always won by management.

Many of the methods for defeating unions have been practiced for a very long time. Harry Wellington Laidler wrote a book in 1913 which reported the use of delaying tactics and provocation by an undercover operative of one of the largest known agencies of the time called Corporations Auxiliary Company. They would tell prospective employers,

Once the union is in the field its members can keep it from growing if they know how, and our man knows how. Meetings can be set far apart. A contract can at once be entered into with the employer, covering a long period, and made very easy in its terms. However, these tactics may not be good, and the union spirit may be so strong that a big organization cannot be prevented. In this case our man turns extremely radical. He asks for unreasonable things and keeps the union embroiled in trouble. If a strike comes, he will be the loudest man in the bunch, and will counsel violence and get somebody in trouble. The result will be that the union will be broken up.

Lockouts
Employers may put pressure on a union by declaring a lockout, a work stoppage in which an employer prevents employees from working until certain conditions are met. A lockout changes the psychological impact of a work stoppage and, if the company possesses information about an impending strike, can be enacted prior to the strike's implementation.

Use of public funds in the United States
Although nonprofit hospital workers were covered by the original Wagner Act of 1935, they were excluded in 1947 with the Taft–Hartley amendments. However, during the 1960s, hospital workers at nonprofit hospitals wanted to form unions in order to demand better pay and working conditions. Major American cities were also experiencing hospital strikes which raised awareness of both labor leaders and the government regarding how to continue life-sustaining patient care delivery during work stoppages. Hospital workers and labor leaders petitioned the government to amend the NLRA. In 1974, under President Richard Nixon, the NLRA was amended to extend coverage and protection to employees of non-profit hospitals. According to the Obama administration NLRB, "When the new legislation was considered by the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, it was recognized that labor relations in the health care industry required special considerations. The Senate Labor Committee sought to fashion a mechanism which would insure that the needs of the patient would be met during contingencies arising out of labor disputes. The new law represented a sound and equitable reconciliation of these competing interests."

Taxpayer funds provide state treasuries the monies for public employee salaries from which public employees pay union dues. At one time state laws did not allow government contracts to provide public money to labor relations consultancies. One such law, passed in Wisconsin in 1979, was struck down by the United States Supreme Court in the decision Wisconsin Dept. of Industry v. Gould. In effect, the 1986 Supreme Court decision meant that federal punishments are the maximum allowed, regardless of their limitations. Critics charged that, in effect, "federal labor law forces states to hire unionbusters."

In 1998, Catholic Healthcare West, the largest private hospital chain in California and a major recipient of state Medicaid funds, conducted a campaign against the SEIU in Sacramento and Los Angeles at a cost of more than $2.6 million. After the Catholic Healthcare West campaign, the California state legislature passed a law prohibiting employers receiving more than $10,000 in state funds from engaging in anti-union activities. However, the 2007 US Supreme Court decision in Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America et al. vs. Brown, Attorney General of California et al., the court ruled 7–2 that federal labor law pre-empted a California law that limited many employers from speaking to their employees about union-related issues. Justice John Paul Stevens stated that Federal labor law had embraced "wide-open debate" about labor issues, as long as the employer did not try to coerce employees into accepting its point of view. Consequently, the state law is incompatible with federal labor law.

Other efforts to restrict anti-union activities by recipients of state funds have also been struck down. A major recipient of state Medicaid funds, the Center for Cerebral Palsy in Albany, New York, hired a law firm to fight a UNITE organizing drive. In 2002 the State of New York passed a labor neutrality act prohibiting the use of taxpayer dollars for union busting. The law was passed as a direct result of the campaign against UNITE. In May 2005, a district court judge struck down the labor neutrality law in a ruling that the legal representatives of the Center for Cerebral Palsy described as "an enormous victory for employers".

Industrial psychologists as union busters
Nathan Shefferman introduced some basic psychological techniques into the union avoidance industry and the complementary service of union prevention. Building upon his work, professionally trained psychologists in the 1960s began using sophisticated psychological techniques to "screen out potential union supporters, identify hotspots vulnerable to unionization, and structure the workplace to facilitate the maintenance of a non-union environment." These psychologists provided companies with psychological profiles and conducted audits concerning a firm's susceptibility to unionization.

Between 1974 and 1984, one firm trained over 27,000 managers and supervisors to "make unions unnecessary" and surveyed almost one million employees in 4,000 organizations.

Anti-union employers' organizations in the United States
In the United States shortly after 1900, there were few effective employers' organizations that opposed the union movement. By 1903, these organizations started to coalesce, and a national employers' movement began to exert a powerful influence on industrial relations and public affairs.

For nearly a decade prior to 1903, an industrial union called the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) had been increasing in power, militancy, and radicalism in response to dangerous working conditions, the imposition of long hours of work, and what members perceived as an imperious attitude on the part of employers. In particular, members of the WFM had been outraged by employers' use of labor spies in organizing efforts such as Coeur d'Alene. The miners' frustrations had occasionally exploded in anger and violence, although they had also tried peaceful change. For example, after winning a referendum vote for the eight-hour day with support from 72 percent of Colorado's electorate, the WFM's goal of an eight-hour law was still defeated by employers and politicians.

In 1901, angry WFM members passed a convention proclamation that a "complete revolution of social and economic conditions" was "the only salvation of the working classes". Colorado employers and their supporters reacted to growing union restlessness and power in a confrontation that came to be called the Colorado Labor Wars. But fear and apprehension on the part of employers, who felt unions were threatening to their businesses, were by no means limited to Colorado. Across the nation, the first elements of a network of employers' organizations that would span the coming century were just beginning to arise.

Anti-union organizations played increasingly prominent roles in American politics. In April 1903, David M. Parry spoke to the annual convention of the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), delivering a speech critical of organized labor, asserting that trade unionism and socialism differ only in method, with both aiming to deny "individual and property rights". Parry asserted the natural laws which governed the nation's economy, and he decried any interference with those laws, whether by legislative or other means. Parry asserted that the goals of the unions would inevitably lead to "despotism, tyranny, and slavery", and the "ruin of civilization".

To control this threat to the status quo, Parry advised that the NAM begin organizing employers and manufacturers' associations into a great national anti-union federation. The NAM convention agreed to the recommendation, and created an employers' organizing committee with Parry in charge. Parry began the organizing effort at once. The prospect of a federal eight-hour law was particularly objectionable to the NAM, which declared it a "vicious, needless, and in every way preposterous proposition."

The NAM has fought against organized labor for more than a century through affiliated organizations. However, the organization once sought to moderate its image. After the 1937 La Follette Committee investigated employers and their anti-union allies, uncovering widespread abuses, the NAM denounced "the use of espionage, strikebreaking agencies, professional strikebreakers, armed guards, or munitions for the purpose of interfering with or destroying the legitimate rights of labor to self organization and collective bargaining." The brief nod to union rights did not last.

Other anti-union organizations have also made vocal contributions to anti-union discourse and union busting activities. The Citizens' Alliance was an employers' organization formed early in the 1900s specifically to fight trade unions. It worked with the NAM to strengthen anti-union movements in the early 20th century in the United States. The Council on Union Free Environment (CUE) had the specific mission of defeating President Carter's labor law reform bill that was designed to make union-organizing efforts more successful by, among other provisions, allowing for elections to occur within 15 days of filing a petition. The Labor Law Study Group, later called the Construction Users Anti-Inflation Roundtable, introduced dozens of labor law reform bills in the US Congress, but their primary focus was repealing state and federal laws that established minimum wage standards on publicly funded projects. Associated Builders and Contractors (ABC) is the construction industry's voice and is funded chiefly by non-union builders and related businesses and promoted the "merit shop" which sought to pay each employee according to his qualification and performance. While the group insisted it was not anti-union, the system would preclude workers from exercising many of the worker-related benefits of a union.

Other groups, such as the National Right to Work Committee, has lobbied for laws prohibiting the union shop. Similarly, the US Chamber of Commerce's core purpose is to fight for free enterprise before Congress, the White House, regulatory agencies, the courts, the court of public opinion, and governments around the world and has actively lobbied against the Employee Free Choice Act. The NLPC makes a case for the end of the use of union dues for political purposes. The Center for Union Facts maintains an anti-union website that provides financial and other records about unions.

title: Union busting


text: User talk:209.50.153.236

title: User talk:209.50.153.236


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Avivasoft

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete · Katefan0(scribble) 04:09, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Avivasoft
Delete. CSD'd as an ad, but not speediable that way. Blatant advertisement for non-notable software company. 18 hits for avivasoft, but take this Google test with a grain of salt as the company is from Hong Kong. android 79  12:28, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per nom. I wish advertising/promoting was a general CSD (or at least article CSD).  >:  Roby Wayne  Talk •  Hist 13:21, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Woggly 17:16, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Hayange

Hayange (Hayingen; Lorraine Franconian: Héngen/Haiéngen) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

Outlying villages include Marspich and Saint-Nicolas-en-Forêt, Konacker and Ranguevaux.

History
Archaeological evidence indicates that iron ore was already mined here in Roman times. Human settlement in the area during the Merovingian period is confirmed by a Merovingian cemetery discovered by iron miners in the Hamévillers Valley, on the edge of Hayange and along the line of a Roman road believed to have linked Rheims with Metz.

During the early Medieval period the town was known as "Heiyingen Villa", a name indicating a settlement within a forested area. The first mention of the town in an official record dates from 821, during the reign of Louis the Pious, Western Emperor and King of the Franks, one of the sons of Charlemagne.

In 1941 during Nazi occupation, Reichswerke Hermann Göring founded Hüttenverwaltung Westmark GmbH to utilise the towns iron mine for manufacturing munitions, they used ordnance code ljy. Hayange was liberated by the American 357th Infantry (90th Division) after a short battle with the German 559th Grenadier Division on 10 September 1944.

Economy
Hayange is located in the iron manufacturing region of Lorraine; within Hayange is the former Sogerail plant, a railway rail manufacturer, dating to 1892 as Usine Saint Jacques.

Transportation
Hayange is located at the crossroads of the D952 and the D13/57 near the A30.

Hayange railway station offers a daily link to Luxembourg and Metz.

Hayange has daily bus service to Luxembourg, Thionville and Metz.

Twin towns

 * 🇮🇹: Barga

Miscellaneous

 * Hayange's main educational institutions are: Lycée Les Grands Bois, Collège Hurlevent and LEP Maryse Bastié.
 * The classical organist Vincent Warnier was born in Hayange on 14 October 1967.
 * Hayange features in the opening pages of the 2019 humorous travel book "The World Less Travelled".

title: Hayange


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Caleb Ralph

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Nomination Withdrawn. android 79  01:33, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Caleb Ralph
No vote. Wasn't sure if this was an A7 speedy so I brought it here. I know nothing about rugby, so I can't tell if this article asserts notability or even if it's a flat-out hoax. android 79  12:29, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Plenty of google hits, and while I don't know much about NZ rugby (as the google hits suggest this is the country Caleb is from/playing in) it does certainly assert notability and he appears to be notable. weak Keep but cleanup. Thryduulf 13:05, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but cleanup. he's a New Zealand international. Dunc|☺ 14:33, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup-expand. Notable rugby player as per . Played as an All Black and played in a number of Super 12 championship sides as a member of the Canterbury Crusaders. Capitalistroadster 19:47, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * If no one objects, I'll rescind the deletion nomination and slap a cleanup tag on this article, since consensus seems to be forming in that direction. android  79  19:54, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep. Please check before making such ridiculous nominations. Grutness...  wha?  23:06, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Someone nominated this for speedy deletion. I disagreed, so I brought it here, as described in WP:CSD: If the assertion is disputed or controversial, it should be taken to AFD instead. What's ridiculous about that?! android  79  23:16, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Forgive me - I misread your initial comment as being that you had originally considered it a csd but changed your mind. Apologies. In any case, I've tidied the article up a bit now, so hopefully it's a good enough stub now. Grutness...  wha?  23:40, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * No problem, I guess I wasn't crystal clear with the nomination. In any case, I'll close this one early. android  79  01:33, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: File:NZ-Q Charlotte S.png

title: File:NZ-Q Charlotte S.png


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vietnam Petroleum Institute

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep and tag for cleanup. --Phroziac(talk) 00:22, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Vietnam Petroleum Institute
Delete. CSD'd as an ad, but not speediable that way. Blatant advertisement. Had contact info before I removed it from the article. 98 Google hits for "vietnam petroleum institute". android 79  12:31, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. They are a subsidiary of Petrovietnam, a major petrochemical company in the country, and from a quick look it appears that they are a legit institution that has collaborations with other institutes.  Pilatus 16:53, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep with a cleanup tag. I get the idea this institution is very notable in Vietnam. Someone needs to turn the "mission statement" into a legit article, though. MCB 17:38, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I've categorised it. CalJW 20:19, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Linda Morand

Linda Morand (born May 26, 1946) is an American fashion model, cover-girl and haute couture mannequin during the 1960s and 1970s. She appeared in national ads, magazine covers, TV commercials and national catalogs. She became a fashion archivist and consultant.

New York Career
Morand was born in Lindenhurst, Long Island. She was discovered by Eileen Ford in late 1965 while studying art in New York City and groomed into a top model for the Ford Agency. Appearing on the fashion scene at the same time as Twiggy she was noted for making up very unusual poses and participating in futuristic fashion layouts including light shows, robots, super-heroes, computers and James Bond type spy take-offs.

Morand is known for her resemblance to the former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy. Noted columnist Marian Christy wrote about a meeting of the two women in a 1971 Boston Globe article, "Resemblance to Jackie Pays Off", which helped to further Morand's career: "Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and Linda Morand recently met at that chic New York "dive" where Lost Weekend [sic] was filmed: P. J. Clarke's, and the two eyed each other suspiciously. There was every reason for the prolonged glance! of cool appraisal. The two are look-alikes 21-year-old Linda being the younger, prettier version. Linda, a successful Ford model who hails from a little town on Long Island, now is one of Europe's top models with her face currently, gracing the pages and covers of the slickest fashion, magazines, such as Italian Vogue, Elle and Jardin de la Mode."

In 1966 Vidal Sassoon’s, stylist, Christopher Pluck created her signature style, a closely cropped asymmetric cut. Linda Morand appeared in international magazines including Vogue, Glamour, Mademoiselle, Teen, and Elle. She also modeled for Lilly Pulitzer. In 1966, with photographer Gösta Peterson, she created images for Conde Nast.

European career
In the Sixties Morand was contracted to walk the runways of Paris and appear in the pages of the European fashion magazines, such as Elle, Marie Claire and ''Vogue. Her modeling career took her on assignments throughout the fashion capitals of Europe, including Paris, Milan, Munich and Barcelona. She was muse to Pierre Cardin, who contracted with her to walk the runway and appear in fashion photos.

Morand was based in Rome through 1969 modeling for fashion houses Valentino, Pucci and Roberto Capucci and playing small parts in a few Italian movies and TV shows. Shortly after her marriage to French actor Philippe Forquet in 1970, her husband became a teen idol starring as General Lafayette in a prime time historical mini-series for ABC called The Young Rebels.

By 1974 her modeling assignments included walking the catwalks of the major European haute couture designers including Pierre Cardin, Jean Patou, Karl Lagerfeld, Emanuel Ungaro, Paco Rabanne, Chanel and Valentino.

Helmut Newton shot a ten-page spread for Vogue Paris with Morand made up in a satirical reportage type layout that seemed like she was really Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. The pictures caused such a stir that Richard Avedon sent a telegram of congratulation, and said Jackie was ready to sue. This incident calmed down when it was pointed out that Linda Morand's name was mentioned in the article. This led to additional assignments throughout Europe. Hans Feurer photographed her for several layouts in Italian Vogue, Marie Claire, ''Mode International'.

title: Linda Morand