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Korina Sanchez

Korina Maria Baluyot Sanchez-Roxas (born October 5, 1964), known professionally as Korina Sanchez, is a Filipino broadcast journalist, television news anchor, senior field reporter, magazine show host, radio anchor, and newspaper columnist. She served as Chief Reporter for the Integrated News and Current Affairs Division of ABS-CBN airing on TV Channel 2, AM Radio Station DZMM and cable TV ABS-CBN News Channel. She also has a regular column in The Philippine Star entitled That Does It, as well as a Tagalog column entitled K Ka Lang in its sister newspaper, Pilipino Star Ngayon.

She is married to Mar Roxas, the former Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government. She transferred to TV5 after signing with Brightlight Productions on 2020. On July 5, 2023, she returned to ABS-CBN to sign a new co-production deal for her current show, Rated Korina.

Personal life
Sanchez married Mar Roxas on October 27, 2009, in Quezon City. On February 12, 2019, her twin children with spouse, Mar Roxas, Pepe and Pilar were born via gestational surrogacy in the United States.

Education
Sanchez finished high school at Saint Theresa's College of Quezon City. She attended Maryknoll College and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in communication arts. She attended the Ateneo de Manila University, where she graduated with a master's degree in journalism on June 26, 2016.

Controversies
In 2013, Sanchez drew flak among netizens due to her remarks on her now-defunct DZMM radio show Rated Korina on Anderson Cooper's reporting for Tacloban. She claimed that the journalist did not know what he was talking about. CNN news anchor Anderson Cooper was one of the first international correspondents on the ground in Tacloban to report on the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan. Cooper responded to Sanchez by urging her to visit the area and insisted that his coverage was accurate.

On the December 3, 2014, newscast of ABS-CBN's TV Patrol, Sanchez said she hoped Typhoon Ruby (international name for Typhoon Hagupit) would hit Japan instead of the Philippines: "Can’t they just get all of it?" Six weeks after this incident, Sanchez was removed from her radio show.

Presidential campaign 2016
To gain support from the LGBT community for the 2016 presidential elections, Sánchez organized #KERIBEKS: The First National Gay Congress of The Philippines, which was a star studded concert held at the Araneta Coliseum (owned by the family of Mar Roxas) which featured job fairs but did not deal with LGBT issues nor did Mar Roxas vocalize support for the LGBT.

Awards, honors and recognition
2016

30th PMPC Star Awards for Television 2013
 * Best Magazine Show
 * Best Magazine Show Host
 * Volunteers Against Crime and Corruption (VACC) Awards
 * Outstanding Radio Anchor – Korina Sanchez

2012

Asian TV Awards
 * Best Current Affairs Presenter Category: Highly Commended, Korina Sanchez, Rated K (Episode: "Kwento ng Buhay Ko")

Media Newser Philippines’ Media Winner of 2012
 * Ka Doroy Broadcaster of the Year Award, Korina Sanchez
 * Best Magazine Host for TV, Korina Sanchez
 * Best Public Affairs Program Host for Radio, Korina Sanchez
 * Best Public Affairs Program, 'Tambalang Failon at Sanchez', DZMM
 * Best Magazine Show, Rated K

title: Korina Sanchez


text: Category:Erotic dancers

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Erotic dancers


text:
Flag of Sarawak

The flag of Sarawak, officially known as Ibu Pertiwi (Translation: Motherland), is the official flag of Sarawak,  a state in Malaysia. It is based on the flag of the Raj of Sarawak of the White Rajah, and includes the yellow of Southeast Asian royalty — a similar yellow and diagonal black are in the flag of Brunei, although Brunei's yellow is of a brighter shade.

History of the Sarawak Flag during the reign of James Brooke
James Brooke, the first White Rajah sailed from England in Dec of 1838, on The Royalist, which was a ship registered with the Royal Yacht Squadron. As such, it was permitted to fly a White Ensign and a Royal Yacht Squadron burgee. Various authors have suggested that James may have used these flags to represent himself and possibly even Sarawak before 1848, but no evidence has been cited to prove this flag was ever used to represent Sarawak itself.

The first flag designed and made for Sarawak was first hoisted on 21 September 1848. Brooke held a ceremony at his house on the grounds of the Astana. During this ceremony "A new flag, which the Rajah had brought from England, was then unfurled for the first time - displaying a black and red cross on a yellow field. This was to be henceforth the national flag of Sarawak."

This flag was flown for almost six months before James sought the British Foreign Office's approval. On 14 March 1849 James wrote a letter to the British foreign secretary Lord Palmerston. James wrote "...I beg to acquaint your Lordship, that on my return to Sarawak, feeling how desirable such a measure would be, I hoisted a flag, and recommended its adoption by all native prahus and other vessels belonging to this country. I subsequently waited to ascertain before reporting to your Lordship, how far the native community was inclined to adopt the use of the flag, which is a yellow field, with a cross per pale red and black, and I am happy to add, that they have eagerly embraced this distinguishing mark of Country, which they look upon as a security to these vessels..."

In June 1849 Lord Palmerston approved the use of the Sarawak flag and forwarded James' description and depiction of the flag to the British Admiralty.

The first known record of a ship flying the Sarawak flag left Sarawak on 12 December 1851. It was the barque "Fater Sarawak" captained by Cowan and arrived in Singapore on 19 December 1851.

Inconsistent colour descriptions
There has been confusion over the history of the colours of the cross on the flag because other authors have reported both purple and blue instead of black as the other half of the cross opposing the red half. For example,
 * 1) Harriette McDougall wrote 'The Sarawak flag is a red and purple cross, out of Sir James Brooke's armorial shield, on a yellow ground, yellow being the royal colour of Borneo'
 * 2) But McDougall also wrote 'When we were at Singapore during the winter of 1849, Papa had a pulpit and reading-desk, chairs, and a painted glass east window, made with the cross of the Sarawak flag, deep blue and red, on a yellow ground, for the centre light.'
 * 3) And finally in a later book McDougall also wrote this: "On the 24th of July they left us, as many as eighteen Malay prahus, manned by from twenty to seventy men in each, and decorated with flags and streamers innumerable, of the brightest colours, the Sarawak flag, a red and black cross on a yellow ground, always at the stern."

Due to these inconsistent descriptions of the colour of the cross, along with other circumstantial evidence Wilfrid John Chater found in the State archives, he developed a theory that the Sarawak flag flown on 21 September 1848 bore a blue & red cross. He first published this theory in the Sarawak Gazette 30 Nov 1964 in an article titled "Flags" He concluded that since he found a document using the phrase 'change blue bunting to black' dated 6 May 1870, that Charles must have changed the colour of the flag on that date. This faulty conclusion has been re-printed in numerous sources since 1964.

W. J. Chater stated that there were no other mentions of the colour of the cross on the flag before 1870, but in fact there are several:

 * 1) Flag witnessed in 1866 - Cuthbert Collingwood - 'flying the Rajah's  flag — a broad cross, half red and half black, upon a buff ground'
 * 2) Flag witnessed in 1863 - Frederick Boyle - '* A cross, half red, half black, on a yellow field, is the Sarawak flag'
 * 3) Flag witnessed in 1849 - Charles Thomas Constantine Grant - 'Our  Sarāwak Flag, a golden ground with a black and red cross, waved over the  stern, as we passed between the houses of the Malay town'
 * 4) Flag witnessed in 1848 the day of the flag raising - Henry Keppel - 'displaying a black and red cross on a yellow field'
 * 5) Flag Designed by James Brooke and described and depicted in his 1849 letter to Palmerston - 'adopt the use of the flag, which is a yellow field, with a cross per pale red and black'

History of the Sarawak Flag after the reign of James Brooke
By the advice of others in the early 1870s, Charles Brooke, the second White Rajah, "authorised a distinction mark in the Government flag by the introduction of the crown" The Eastern Crown is a heraldic symbol used by Royal Peers who have distinguished themselves in the East. It was first associated with the Brookes when it was incorporated into the coat of arms awarded posthumously to James' father Thomas Brooke Esq. (1760-1835) on 9 November 1848 and was permitted to be used by him and his descendants.

Once Charles distinguished the original flag with a crown, the original flag from 1848 that James designed, continued to be used as the Sarawak Merchant Flag on Sarawakian vessels and intended to be used for other non-government organisations, but additional variants were created for the S.P.G. Mission, the Sri Sarawak Steamship and the Borneo Company Offices and the Catholic Mission. Charles in a letter written later on describes the situation. "The mission raised a claim to have a distinction flag as they were not entitled to a crown, nor were they the mercantile, and the Mission flag from this date was established..."

Charles Brooke also created a new flag to represent the Rajah of Sarawak, called the Rajah's Standard. This flag was registered with the College of Arms in London and is described as "a yellow forked flag, charged with a cross per pale sable and gules charged with a crown and with the red lateral arm of the cross extended saltirewise to each point of the fork."

Charles Vyner Brooke the third and last White Rajah of Sarawak did not make any changes to the Sarawak flags.

After the White Rajahs
When Sarawak was ceded to the British Crown on 1 July 1946, the Sarawak Government flag was retained as a coat-of-arms granted by the College of Arms on 10 March 1947, and placed on a Blue Ensign. The Sarawak Government flag from the 1870s saw continued use even after cession, flying side by side with the Union Flag. Upon the formation of Malaysia and subsequent independence of the state, the flag remained in use and unchanged until 1973.

The Trisakti was adopted on the 10th anniversary of Sarawak's independence on 31 August 1973, and was first hoisted by the then Prime Minister Of Sarawak, Tun Abdul Rahman Yacoob, who also designed the flag. Accompanying the new design of the flag is the new state anthem and motto, Sarawak Bahagia ("Peaceful Sarawak") and Hidup Selalu Berkhidmat ("Live to serve"). It resembled an inverted flag of Czechoslovakia (later the Czech flag).

On 31 August 1988, the flag was replaced again with the current version along with yet another new state anthem and motto, Ibu Pertiwiku ("My Motherland") and Bersatu, Berusaha, Berbakti ("United, Striving, Serving"). The new design was adopted on the 25th anniversary of independence of Sarawak within the Federation of Malaysia. It brought back the same colour scheme of the flag of the former kingdom, in a new form: the cross was replaced with two diagonal bars and the crown was substituted with a nine-pointed star symbolising the original nine divisions of Sarawak, in order to eliminate any overt references to Christianity and a sovereign monarchy. The colours were accorded official symbolism: yellow representing law and order, unity and stability; red representing courage for the state; and black representing natural resources. The star was also given the meaning of representing the aspirations of Sarawakians.

The Raj of Sarawak flag (1870–1946) and First Sarawak state flag (1963–1973)
The yellow background is said to represent the Malays and the red and black lines represent the Chinese and Dayak communities. The crown symbolises the Rajah of Sarawak and its five points stand for the five territorial divisions of the time.

Today, these flags are still used by two separatist parties, Federal Bumi Kenyalang (FBK) and Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak (ASPIRASI, formerly State Reformation Party; STAR) as the propaganda of separation of the state from Malaysia, among other items they used during elections.

The "Trisakti" flag (1973-1988)
On the Trisakti flag, the blue triangle represents unity among the people of Sarawak, red represents courage and perseverance, and white represents honesty and purity.

The current Sarawak state flag (1988-present)
The nine-pointed star serves to represent the then nine divisions in the state, whilst the colour yellow denotes the importance of upholding the law, unity and stability in diversity.

The red portrays courage and black is the symbol of the abundant natural resources that Sarawak possesses.

City, district and municipal flags
Sarawak does not assign flags for its cities, districts and municipal areas. However, some local government authorities in the state have adopted their own flags.

title: Flag of Sarawak


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Ipoh cuisine

Ipoh has a significant food scene with many hawker centres and restaurants. It has dishes derived from Malay, Chinese and Indian cuisine. In recent years, Ipoh has seen an increase in international restaurants, bars and gastropubs which have become popular with locals and tourists.

Its food culture is driven by its plurality Chinese population who are largely of Cantonese and Hakka descent. There is also Malay and Indian food in Ipoh; the nasi kandar served by a prominent local Mamak stall (in continuous operation since the 1950s) is nicknamed nasi ganja due to its supposed addictive properties. Specialty foods from neighbouring towns are also available in Ipoh.

Made from coffee beans specially roasted with palm oil margarine, Ipoh white coffee is arguably Ipoh's most famous export, and the drink is endemic to the Old Town of Ipoh.

Savoury

 * Bean Sprouts Chicken (Chinese : 芽菜雞) – also known as nga choy kai or tauge ayam. It consists of chicken meat, chicken offal, and locally grown beansprouts blanched in water dressed with soy sauce and sesame oil.
 * Beef brisket noodles (Chinese : 牛腩面) – Noodles, usually served on its own with a dark soy dressing, accompanied with stewed beef brisket cooked in the traditional Cantonese manner with white radish and selected spices in a clear broth.
 * Chee cheong fun (Cantonese : 豬腸粉) – a popular breakfast item, this consists of large pieces of flat rice noodles (Shahe fen) rolled up and served with sweet or spicy sauce. Unlike the chee cheong fun in Kuala Lumpur, chee cheong fun in Ipoh is served with minced pork and mushroom sauce, preserved green chilli peppers, a sprinkle of deep-fried shallots and sesame seeds. Some eateries even serve chee cheong fun with a curried gravy.
 * Claypot chicken rice (Chinese : 瓦煲鸡饭) – chicken rice served in a claypot, traditionally cooked with smouldering charcoal embers. Typical additions include salted fish and Chinese sausage (lap cheong). Bercham, a suburb in Ipoh is famous for claypot chicken rice.
 * Curry chicken bread (Chinese : 咖喱面包鸡) – a bread or roll bowl filled with curry chicken. It is also known as Golden Pillow Bread. A speciality of the neighbouring suburb of Kampar and in Lukut, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan down south, it is now widely available in Ipoh.
 * Curry Mee (Chinese : 咖喱面). A bowl of thin yellow noodles mixed with rice vermicelli (bee hoon) in a spicy curry soup enriched with coconut milk, and topped with tofu puffs, prawns, cuttlefish, chicken, long beans, cockles and mint leaves, with sambal served on the side.
 * Dim sum (Chinese : 点心) – a Cantonese speciality widely enjoyed in Ipoh.
 * Dry curry mee (Chinese : 干捞咖喱面) – blanched noodles tossed with soy sauce, then subsequently poured on with some curry gravy. Dry curry mee is usually accompanied by slices of shredded chicken, char siu, cockles, and sometimes siu yuk.
 * Fish ball noodles (Chinese : 鱼丸面) – Noodles served with round, spherical bites of surimi steeped in a light broth on the side. Local variants may include tiny versions of fish balls (Chinese : 鱼丸仔), or the inclusion of sides like pork meatballs with cuttlefish bits and stuffed tofu skin rolls as accompaniments for the noodle soup. Another variant called hor hee (Chinese : 河嘻), which is the Teochew term for fish ball, is also found in certain eateries in Ipoh. Hor hee is a Teochew-style noodle soup, with small fish balls, sliced fish cakes, preserved vegetables (Chinese : 冬菜), bean sprouts or shredded lettuce, and savoury fish dumplings in a fish-based broth.
 * Hakka Mee (Chinese: 客家面) – a simple dish of noodles topped with a minced pork gravy. It is based on an older recipe called Dabumian (Chinese : 大埔面); the name indicates its place of origin as Dabu County, the center of Hakka culture in mainland China.
 * Ipoh laksa – laksa served in Ipoh is very similar to Penang-style assam laksa, differing only in the garnishes used.
 * Hainanese chicken rice (Chinese : 海南雞饭) – a much-loved Chinese classic, found in modest hawker stalls as well as upmarket cafes and restaurants.
 * Roti bakar – toasted bread
 * Kaya toast – toast spread with butter and kaya, a sweet spread made from a base of coconut milk, eggs and sugar. Kaya toast (or roti bakar in Malay) is a popular breakfast staple and afternoon tea snack.
 * Rendang – Perak has its own variants of rendang, the most well known being rendang tok. Rendang tok uses a liberal amount of dried milled spices and unlike many other rendang varieties found in Malaysia, it is much drier in comparison, with the gravy being greatly reduced from prolonged simmering until all that's left is merely a thick layer that coats and adheres onto each piece of meat. Rendang tok can be found in some eateries and restaurants in Ipoh, and is usually cooked with beef.
 * Salt-baked Chicken (Chinese : 盐锔鸡)- This traditional Hakka dish is prepared by wrapping a whole chicken with grease paper together with salt and certain Chinese herbs and baked for several hours. With this cooking technique, the meat will not lose its tenderness and the essence of chicken can be preserved as well. The combination of salt and herbs gives the meat a unique flavor.
 * Sar Hor Fun (Chinese : 沙河粉) – Ipoh is famous for its flat rice noodles, which is prepared with local unfiltered spring water. There are two varieties: Kai see hor fun  (Chinese : 鸡丝河粉) is served in a clear chicken and prawn soup with chicken shreds, prawns and spring onions. Chau hor fun (Chinese : 炒河粉) is fried with a little dark gravy, as opposed to Penang char kway teow (炒粿条) which has no gravy but is fried with egg, prawns and cockles. It is also different from Cantonese-style wat tan ho  (滑蛋河) which is completely immersed in clear, egg-starch gravy.
 * Satay or sate – char grilled meat skewers served with peanut sauce. Satay served in Ipoh is similar to satay served elsewhere in Malaysia, but slightly on the sweet side and due to Ipoh's majority Chinese population, eateries offering satay made with pork are not uncommon.
 * Sotong kangkung (Chinese : 魷魚蕹菜) – This is a dish of cuttlefish with kangkung and topped with a sweet and savoury sauce.
 * Tempoyak is a popular Malay delicacy. It is durian flesh which is preserved by fermentation in an earthenware urn. Commonly eaten with chillis and other dishes; it is well known due to the popularity of its key ingredient, durian, among locals. It is also used as a primary flavouring for gulai or stews.
 * Wonton Mee (Chinese : 雲吞面) – thin egg noodles with wonton dumplings (Chinese : 雲吞), choy sum, char siu and a side of pickled green chillies. The noodles are usually dressed with a dark soy sauce dressing, with boiled or deep-fried wonton dumplings as a topping or served on the side in a bowl of broth.
 * Yau Zha Gwai (Chinese : 油炸鬼) is version of the traditional Chinese cruller. The dough is shaped like a pair of chopsticks stuck together, and the name itself amusingly translates into "greasy fried ghosts". A breakfast favourite, it can be eaten plain with coffee, spread with butter or kaya, or dipped into congee.
 * Yong liew (Chinese : 酿料) – better known as yong tau foo (Chinese : 酿豆腐) in other Malaysian states. Items like brinjals, lady fingers, tofu puffs, tofu skin, bitter melon, chillies and are stuffed or mixed with a pork or fish meat paste, and are either deep fried or boiled and served in soup. A type of yam bean (commonly known as jicama) fritter (Chinese : 沙葛料), made with shredded yam bean and the aforementioned meat paste is usually offered alongside the stuffed items as well.

Desserts and pastries

 * Caramel custard – a classic dessert and a popular speciality served at some of Ipoh's most well regarded food establishments.
 * Chicken Biscuit or kai zhai peng (Chinese : 雞仔餅) – a popular souvenir for tourists to Ipoh. Despite its namesake, the original version of this legendary biscuit contains no chicken. It is made from wheat flour, candied winter melon, lard, red bean curd, sesame seeds, molasses and egg wash.
 * Egg tart (Chinese : 蛋挞) – several bakeries in Ipoh specialise in these Cantonese-style custard tart pastries.
 * Heong Peng (Chinese : 香餅) – flaky biscuits with a sweet filling, and are often bought as souvenirs by tourists to Ipoh. Among locals, 'heong peng' is famous in the suburb of Gunung Rapat, which is purportedly the pioneer in their production.
 * Ipoh white coffee (Chinese: 怡保白咖啡). A popular coffee drink which originated in Ipoh. Unlike the robust dark roast used for typical Malaysian-style black coffee ("Kopi-O"), "white" coffee is produced with only palm oil margarine and without any sugar and wheat, resulting in a significantly lighter roast. It is typically enriched with condensed milk prior to serving. This drink inspired the OldTown White Coffee restaurant chain, and instant beverage versions are widely available throughout Malaysia and even in international markets.
 * Kacang putih or kacang puteh – originally from Buntong, kacang putih refer to a category of Indian snacks made of legumes, nuts or flour and many types of spices, roasted or fried to golden yellow.
 * Kaya puff – pastries consisting of flaky pastry (akin to curry puffs) with coconut jam (kaya) filling.
 * Kuih limas or kuih tepung pelita – a steamed confection wrapped in banana leaves which consists of two layers: the top layer is made with thick coconut milk, flour and a pinch of salt; the bottom layer consists of thin coconut milk with pandan paste, flour and sugar.
 * Lempeng pisang – Malay-style pancake which consists of mashed bananas and grated coconut wrapped in banana leaves and char-grilled.
 * Pomelo – Ipoh is famous for its fruits, such as seedless guava, cempedak, durians, and especially pomelos.
 * Tau foo fah (Chinese : 豆腐花 or 豆花) – a velvety pudding of very soft silken tofu, traditionally flavoured with brown sugar syrup.
 * Tong Sui (Chinese : 糖水) – sweet broths made with various permutations and combinations of ingredients, such as black beans, sea coconut, yam, sweet potato, longan and others. In Ipoh there is a whole row of hawker steels on one particular street dedicated to tong sui, called 糖水街 or Dessert Street.

title: Ipoh cuisine


text:
Hadad (disambiguation)

Hadad was the storm and rain god in the Northwest Semitic and ancient Mesopotamian religions.

Hadad or Haddad may also refer to:

 * Haddad or Hadad, an ancient Middle Eastern family name originating in Aramaic
 * Hadad (Bible), the name of several biblical characters
 * Hadad (son of Bedad), an early king of Edom
 * Hadad the Edomite
 * Hodod (Hungarian: Hadad), a commune in Romania

title: Hadad (disambiguation)


text:
MEST (Scientology)

MEST is an acronym for matter, energy, space and time, and means the physical universe. It was coined in 1950 by Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard, and is spoken as a word rather than spelling out the letters.

MEST
MEST is used to refer to the physical universe (as opposed to a spiritual universe). Property and possessions including cars, houses, clothes, jewelry, and other physical or material goods are MEST. In the Sea Org, MEST is considered relatively unimportant.

"By the end of 1950 in a series of lectures in California, Hubbard introduced a distinction that formed the basis of further theoretical change, between 'MEST' and 'theta'. MEST (Matter, Energy, Space, Time) was Hubbard's acronym for the material or physical universe, while theta stood for the universe of thought."

MEST body
MEST body means the physical body; the human body.

"The body is, after all, composed of mest. It follows the laws of mest. One of these laws is Newton's first law of motion: inertia. This is the tendency of a mest object to remain motionless until acted upon by an exterior force. Or to continue in a line of motion until acted upon by an exterior force. Well, the main force around that is continually acting on a human body is a thetan, the being himself. The body will remain at rest (since it is a mest object) until acted upon by the thetan that is supposed to be running it."

MEST universe and the Theta-MEST theory
The MEST universe is considered to be the physical universe as opposed to the native thought-universe of thetans, and was created by thetans. In 1986, David Miscavige's public announcement to Scientologists referred to L. Ron Hubbard's death as leaving the MEST universe: "L. Ron Hubbard discarded the body he had used in this lifetime for seventy-four years, ten months, and eleven days. The body he had used to facilitate his existence in this MEST universe had ceased to be useful and in fact had become an impediment to the work he now must do outside of its confines."

In the Theta-MEST theory, the native thetan, being bored, decided to create a physical universe. Then pretended to forget he was playing in a MEST universe, then did forget it and became part of the MEST universe. Per Wallis, "Thetans are by now in a hypnoid state, having forgotten their quadrillions of years of existence and their original godly power, barely capable of even leaving their bodies at will."

Lawrence Wright describes Hubbard's version of the Big Bang event: "Incident One was a kind of Garden of Eden fall from grace that occurred four quadrillion years ago, which is when Hubbard dates the origin of the universe. Before Incident One, thetans were in a pure, godlike state. Suddenly, there was a loud snap and a flood of light. A chariot appeared, trailed by a trumpeting cherub; then darkness. This incident marked the moment when thetans became separated from their original static condition and created the physical universe of matter, energy, space, and time (MEST). In the process, they lost awareness of their immortality."

ENMEST
ENMEST is a compound word meaning "enturbulated MEST". To enturbulate means "to cause to become turbulent, agitated and disturbed." ENMEST is "property, energy, or space which has been rendered less useful by poor thinking. Time which is wasted. ... [for example], a rotten canvas, broken chairs, things which don't belong in the area, rubbish, etc." An individual who is low on Scientology's emotional tone scale will make ENMEST out of any MEST, "will prefer sordid and squalid quarters, will drive ancient and rickety cars, will dress only in the most ragged clothes." With respect to Scientology auditing, ENMEST is a nonphysical/thought component of an engram, and it is desirable to remove it through auditing.

Goal of auditing
The aim of Scientology auditing processes is to free a person from the limitations of MEST and to return them to their native "godlike" state and be 'at cause' over their body, environment and past lives.

"The ultimate goal of auditing is not just to liberate a person from destructive mental phenomena; it is to emancipate him from the laws of matter, energy, space, and time — or MEST, as Hubbard termed them. These are just artifacts of the thetan's imagination, in any case. Bored thetans had created MEST universes where they could frolic and play games; eventually, they became so absorbed in their distractions they forgot their true immortal natures."

MEST clear
According to Wallis, a MEST Clear is a person at 4.0 on the emotional tone scale, who would be near accident proof, without any psycho-somatic ills, nearly immune to bacteria, and would have a high courage level.

MEST work
MEST work means manual labor, physical labor, and hard labor. The term has been used to indicate both a therapy and a punishment. To be "put on MEST work" is to be assigned to do manual labor. In the Sea Org, one is expected to be able to confront all kinds of MEST work. Some positions in the Sea Org are specifically MEST work oriented, such as in an Estates Division which would manage the hotel functions, or a janitor. MEST work projects, on the other hand, are mostly renovation, demolition, and construction.

More often than not, a Sea Org member is assigned to MEST work as a punishment, and children (young Sea Org members) are not exempt from such assignments. There have been many work units explicitly run as MEST work units or with a large component being MEST work — and assignment to such units has routinely been given as a punishment. These include the Estates Project Force (EPF), Deck Project Force (DPF), Rehabilitation Unit, Rehabilitation Project Force (RPF), the Heavy MEST Work Unit, and the Mud Box Brigade.

"I didn't actually consider the dirty work itself to be degrading; in fact, Hubbard wrote that MEST work (physical rather than mental labor) helped 'extrovert' a person who had gotten too 'into his head' and thus was not performing well, which is why manual labor was done on the RPF.The work was not really the point. It was the humiliation of being sent to do the lowest grunt duties in front of all the Freewinds crew. This was the reason for many of Miscavige's random punishments—to ensure everyone understood their status was very impermanent and he could remove it with the snap of his fingers."

Personifying MEST
Hubbard felt that African Americans had a tendency to personify the MEST universe by giving objects personalities: "Actually, have you ever noticed how a negro, in particular, down south, where they're pretty close to the soil, personifies MEST? The gate post and the wagon and the whip and anything around there. A hat – they talk to 'em, you know. 'Wassa madda wit you, hat?' They imbue them, with personality."

In The Fundamentals of Thought, Hubbard claims:

"'Unlike yellow and brown people, the white does not usually believe he can get attention from matter or objects. The yellow and brown believe for the most part (and it is all a matter of consideration) that rocks, trees, walls etc., can give them attention. The white man seldom believes this and so is likely to become anxious about people. Thus the white saves people, prevents famine, flood, disease and revolution for people as the only purveyors of attention are scarce. The white goes further. He often believes he can get attention only from whites and that yellow and brown peoples' attention is worthless. Thus the yellow and brown races are not very progressive, but, by and large, saner. And the white race is progressive but more frantic. The yellow and brown races do not understand white concern for 'bad conditions' since what is a few million dead men? There are plenty of identities and there is plenty of attention, they think. The white can't understand them. Nor can they understand the white.'"

title: MEST (Scientology)


text:
Talk:Algonquin Round Table

Wikiproject proposal
Greetings all. I have proposed the formation of Wikiproject:Algonquin Round Table for purposes of improving this article and other articles related to it, including Algonquin Hotel and of course the articles for the members and their assorted literary works. If you're interested in participating, please go here and add your name. Thanks! Otto4711 19:51, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Corey Ford
I've found some evidence at http://ead.dartmouth.edu/html/ml30.html that Ford was a part of the round table. Seems as though his book "The Time of Laughter" may have been about the round table, though I haven't read it yet.

Disclaimer - Ford is a shoestring relative of mine, a cousin of my Granddad's, who didn't like him at all. Love my Granddad, but I've been coming across Ford memorabilia lately (just found a weatherbeaten Rollo Boys volume at a local antique shop and paid way too much money for it).

Anyhow, won't update either the Ford or the algonquin articles without further evidence of a connection, but wanted to mention the possiblity in case anyone's watching this page.

Jay.ricketts 18:54, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

Lots of members
there seem to be lots of members lister - how big was this table? I take it not all of them were present on a daily basis? Only that seems to be what the article implies. Why did they all stop meeting around 1929? When did the various members come and go? I don't know if this information is out there but I think if belongs in this article. A more in-depth anaylisis is needed rather than just a big list of names.--Crestville 23:28, 28 May 2006 (UTC)
 * The group was around 24 people. It met for eight or nine years. I'm sure that this article will get deeper as members add more material. The table itself was about six feet across; a replica is in the Algonquin Hotel today. --K72ndst 03:23, 14 June 2006 (UTC)
 * A replica of the table adorns the Algonquin today, which begs the question that would be a wonderful asset for the article if anyone could ever answer that question: Where is the original Algonquin Round Table today? (Did the management stupidly simply junk it? Who would be surprised if that were the case?) Who wouldn't love to have that very table, arguably the most legendary single table since the one in Leonardo's The Last Supper, in their kitchen today? (Provided, of course, that your kitchen happens to be cavernous enough to accommodate it.) Racing Forward (talk) 15:00, 7 February 2022 (UTC)

Yeah, but it's been going a while and not evolved much. The list just keeps getting longer. Got any more info? I'm particularly intersted in Harpo Marx. I would have thought Groucho would have been the one, y'know?--Crestville 13:41, 14 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Groucho found the group to be too mean-spirited, which is really something considering how mean Groucho could famously be: he would jeer at and humiliate his first wife for offering party favors and paper hats for birthday parties, reducing her to tears. Racing Forward (talk) 15:00, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
 * If you've ever heard a recording of Harpo's voice, it's easy to see why Groucho persuaded him to become a silent comedian, like Teller in Penn & Teller: Harpo was gifted with a beautifully deep resonant voice that practically made Groucho sound like Shirley Temple singing "The Good Ship Lollipop" by comparison. Racing Forward (talk) 15:00, 7 February 2022 (UTC)

Ring Lardner
Today I took off sports columnist and short story writer Ring Lardner. Although he was friendly with members of the group, such as Dorothy Parker and George S. Kaufman, he was not attending the daily luncheon. Lardner lived in Nassau County, Long Island, a little far to come in for lunch... --K72ndst 03:23, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Perhaps he commuted. Nassau County isn't at all far by train, and you can get a lot of work done on the train.  Thousands, if not millions, of commuters from Suffolk County traverse Nassau entirely on the daily trips to and from Manhattan.  Being there in person was certainly more beneficial then than now.  "Long distance" calls were very expensive.  Besides, the group met daily; not all its members were there every day.  Why would he even live in Nassau County, a bedroom community, if he didn't need to get to New York frequently?  Furthermore, regardless of being "friendly" with anyone, he would have contributed substantially to the group's cachet, certainly a valuable consideration!  To think of excluding him for not showing up often enough, or for not being talented or famous enough, is nuts.  They were all busy people.  No doubt many of them couldn't show up every day, and I'm sure any big celebrity, as Lardner was, would be welcome to join the fun and be counted in.  They weren't all highbrows, nor stand-offish.  I'm just speculating, of course, but evidence of his presence must surely be attested in many old newspaper columns, especially his own, and ought to be easy for somebody to find. Unfree (talk) 22:13, 8 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Who commutes for lunch? Ring Lardner was not a member. If you read the two books about the Round Table, Margaret Case Harriman's "The Vicious Circle" or Jim Gaines' "The Algonquin Round Table" you will see that he is not listed as a member. Lardner from 1919-1933 was living in Great Neck and writing newspaper columns from home; Great Neck is 20 miles away. He was not a Manhattan resident. He was their friend, just as Herbert Bayard Swope was; but he was not a member. -- K72ndst (talk) 17:42, 9 December 2008 (UTC)

Calvin Cooladge
Or whatever thyat president's name was, anyway the story goes Parker made some wittisism upon his death, but this article maintains they stopped meeting in 1929 where as Collidge died in 1933. Some mistake here surely?--Crestville 17:52, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The name was Coolidge, and you're not thinking clearly. (If you thought it was Cooladge, why did you spell it Collidge?)  Do you think all these people died or lost their wits when the group drifted apart? Unfree (talk) 22:19, 8 December 2008 (UTC)

Members
Surely Edmund Wilson was a member of this set?

 * I never heard of him in connection with them, and I am a big fan of Wilson's. If he was, the wikipedia article on wilson doesn't mention it. Got a reference? --ubiquity 22:55, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Wilson was not. He was friendly with some of the members. This is detailed in The Twenties, which was released after his death. In addition, O'Neill wasn't a member either. K72ndst 01:18, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Oscar Levant was not a member, unless the group admitted 12 year olds to their table in 1919... --K72ndst 17:50, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
 * ...or 22 year olds in 1929. Racing Forward (talk) 15:05, 7 February 2022 (UTC)

Why are Art Samuels and Charles MacArthur shown in the picture, but not listed as members? Chris2crawford (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 22:55, 9 December 2020 (UTC)

Good article nomination
I thoroughly enjoyed reading this article and it is close to meeting the GA criteria. However, the lead section needs to be expanded substantially to better summarise the article. Please see WP:LEAD. I'm putting this article on hold as the it is close to GA status, however the issue noted above must be dealt with before GA status can be awarded. I hope that this can be addressed within the seven days allowed by on hold, and wish you all the best with your editing... -- Johnfos 12:09, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

 * New lead looks good... GA awarded... Johnfos 03:07, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Salon?
According to the Wikipedia definition, a salon is a group of people who meet under the roof of an inspiring host. There was no such host at the Algonguin Round Table. Frank Case facilitated, but he did not inspire, and was not even part of the proceedings. I'd like to revert the word "salon" in the opening of this article to "group", but I thought I would get some opinions first. --ubiquity 22:34, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree with the reversion. The ART was not a salon in the context of the hotel. As noted elsewhere in the article, Neysa McMein's studio served as something of a salon for them with McMaein serving as the host. Otto4711 22:58, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * One hopes that it was a more American salon, a democratic entity with no specific host or focal point dictating and controlling the topics, instead a more freewheeling experience of pure naturally flowing conversation. All of its members were presumably inspiring in various different ways. It was a salon in the sense that it was a conversation that often regularly occurred in the same place with gatherings including many of the same people. If that's not a modern version of a salon, what else would be a better term for it?   Racing Forward (talk) 16:20, 7 February 2022 (UTC)

Horticulture
I call into question the following bit:

"Dorothy Parker's memorable sentence using the word horticulture: 'You can lead a whore to culture but you can't make her think.'"

That's not using "horticulture"; "You can lead a horticulture but you can't make her think" is using "horticulture", and since (I presume) it was an oral witticism, only Parker would know what she meant, and (I presume) she was witty enough to say it right! The book /Harpo Speaks/, no doubt, got it right.

Incidentally, I'm planning to edit the preceding words, so they won't match my quote precisely. Unfree (talk) 21:46, 8 December 2008 (UTC)

Dorothy Parker
Parker is noted in the article to critisize the group, calling them wisecracks and far from literary giants...but at the beginning of the article, she is noted as being a member? The two seems not to go together, particularly as the later part omits her membership... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.229.53.172 (talk) 11:58, 17 May 2014 (UTC)
 * She was arguably the most celebrated member but much later in life, when she made those balefully downbeat remarks, she was suffering a steep gradual decline into depression, poverty and alcoholism. She was literally breath-takingly brilliant and would no doubt be immediately cancelled into oblivion today for being politically incorrect (along with every other member of her generation), faster than the host of that other round table found in clips from the Charlie Rose PBS show. Racing Forward (talk) 15:14, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Gloria Steinem interviewed Parker as a young journalist and they became friends. In her essay collection Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions she quotes her as saying 'That round table thing was terribly overrated, you know. It was full of people looking for a free lunch and saying,'Did you hear the funny thing I said yesterday?'
 * Can we include this remark? Steinem says she 'had a delightful habit of debunking past achievements' but I agree that her sad circumstances probably influenced those comments, since why would she have wasted time being involved in the group for so many years if she really thought it was so bad? 188.30.35.250 (talk) 12:22, 31 July 2022 (UTC)

Round table Christmas special?
Why is there no mention of this http://whatever.scalzi.com/2004/12/01/the-10-least-successful-holiday-specials-of-all-time/ ? -- Auric    talk  18:07, 30 December 2015 (UTC)  Auric    talk  18:07, 30 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Thank you, thank you, Auric, for leading me to this superbly written spoof page. I'll try to figure out some way to allude to it in the article. Racing Forward (talk) 15:23, 7 February 2022 (UTC)

In popular culture
@Maineartists, can you please explain how the "In popular culture" section complies with No original research and Verifiability? The works of media are not sufficient for verifying their own existence, as they are primary sources. In addition, most of this section does not comply with MOS:POPCULT, which states: Cultural references about a subject should not be included simply because they exist. A Wikipedia article may include a subject's cultural impact by summarizing its coverage in reliable secondary or tertiary sources. All of the entries I deleted appear to be passing mentions. – Epicgenius (talk) 23:40, 21 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Concur with the above. Note as well that the "Membership" section is very sparsely referenced, and several other paragraphs and sentences are also missing citations. Pickersgill-Cunliffe (talk) 23:51, 21 October 2022 (UTC)
 * I have now removed this section again, since there have not been any attempts to fix the problems I mentioned, nor have there been any responses here in regards to said issues. – Epicgenius (talk) 13:19, 27 October 2022 (UTC)

 * @Epicgenius Actually, you are incorrect when you state: "The works of media are not sufficient for verifying their own existence, as they are primary sources." It is exactly the same as citing a book with an ISBN and page number. It gives the reader the necessities to verify i.e. Seinfeld quote. A YouTube clip, a transcript, an episode title with season, etc is sufficient. Next, if you cannot see that the 1994 film Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle considerably references the subject of this article; or that of the episode "The Young Indiana Jones and the Scandal of 1920", then I cannot help you. You have got a lot of work to do on WP if you are enforcing your beliefs across the board: Christina's World (painting), Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 (music), Groucho Marx (person), etc. The edit history for this article supports these inclusions as they have been reinstated several times after attempted removal. Removing the entire section Popular Culture was / is disruptive editing. As an editor, you could have very well found at least a few sources to support what you think constitutes the WP guideline and kept the section for other editors to reference and edit correctly. I am reinstating at least the episodes that significantly feature the ART. Maineartists (talk) 13:11, 28 October 2022 (UTC)
 * @Maineartists, I'm going to address several facets of your comment:
 * It is exactly the same as citing a book with an ISBN and page number. It gives the reader the necessities to verify i.e. Seinfeld quote. A YouTube clip, a transcript, an episode title with season, etc is sufficient. - Actually, you're right, but what I meant that they are only sufficient for verifying their own existence. You need a secondary source to verify that they're significant. Also see WP:ONUS: While information must be verifiable for inclusion in an article, not all verifiable information must be included.
 * Next, if you cannot see that the 1994 film Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle considerably references the subject of this article; or that of the episode "The Young Indiana Jones and the Scandal of 1920", then I cannot help you. - In fact, the edit I made already describes the 1994 film. So it's mentioned twice in the article now, which may or may not be intentional. I am aware that The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles episode involves the Round Table, but you still need a secondary source.
 * You have got a lot of work to do on WP if you are enforcing your beliefs across the board: Christina's World (painting), Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 (music), Groucho Marx (person), etc. - These are not my beliefs, these are policies or guidelines: MOS:POPCULT, WP:V, and WP:NOR. However, I agree there is a lot to do in regards to these pop-culture sections. A lot of these appear to be trivial mentions.
 * Removing the entire section Popular Culture was / is disruptive editing - It is not disruptive editing in any way to remove information that is unsourced. In fact, that page says the opposite of what you're implying: A disruptive editor is an editor who exhibits tendencies such as the following: ... Cannot satisfy Wikipedia:Verifiability; fails to cite sources, cites unencyclopedic sources, misrepresents reliable sources, or manufactures original research. I was removing unsourced information. You, on the other hand, restored that information. For what it's worth, I did attempt to find sources for several of these popular-culture mentions. I did add one source, which you reverted because I added the source in the same edit as I removed the unverifiable information. Per WP:BURDEN, the burden to demonstrate verifiability lies with the editor who adds or restores material ... If you think the material is verifiable, you are encouraged to provide an inline citation yourself before considering whether to remove or tag it.
 * – Epicgenius (talk) 13:50, 28 October 2022 (UTC)
 * As an addendum, I should note that the Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 and Groucho Marx articles do mostly include information about the subject's legacy, rather than random mentions of them in popular culture. However, Christina's World had very similar problems to what I saw on this article, and this is after another editor tried to clean that section up. – Epicgenius (talk) 13:56, 28 October 2022 (UTC)

You got it. If you want to cherry pick, let's cherry pick. WP:POPCULTURE is an essay; not a policy. So. As you have provided, if one followed MOS:POPCULT on bone broth and The Mandalorian , one can now write within the article how certain popular media refers to the ART when describing a gathered group of like-minded intellectuals. If Bon Appetit magazine merely mentioning how Baba Yaga drank bone broth is allowable for a reliable secondary source; then let's open that box. Happy editing! Maineartists (talk) 15:41, 28 October 2022 (UTC)
 * This guideline does not suggest removing trivia sections, or moving them to the talk page. If information is otherwise suitable, it is better that it be poorly presented than not presented at all.
 * This guideline does not suggest always avoiding lists in favor of prose. Some information is better presented in list format.
 * This guideline does not suggest the inclusion or exclusion of any information; it only gives style recommendations. Issues of inclusion are addressed by content policies.
 * I did not "cherry pick" anything; you believed I was deleting the section based on "my beliefs", when in fact I'm citing guidelines and policies. I'm going to reply to your points, though:
 * This guideline does not suggest removing trivia sections, or moving them to the talk page ... - Here's what the section above says: It may be possible to integrate some items into the article text ... which is what the "Public response and legacy" section of this page does.
 * it only gives style recommendations. Issues of inclusion are addressed by content policies - These relevant policies are WP:NOR and WP:V, which I have mentioned twice above. This guideline doesn't contradict what I said at all.
 * WP:POPCULTURE is an essay; not a policy. - I did not mention WP:POPCULTURE in this discussion or in my edit summaries, so I'm not sure what that has to do with my comments.
 * If Bon Appetit magazine merely mentioning how Baba Yaga drank bone broth is allowable for a reliable secondary source; then let's open that box - Regardless, the pop-culture mentions I removed did not cite any secondary sources, let alone reliable ones.
 * Finally, I removed the section because this page is a good article. Compliance with MOS and policies are part of the good article criteria, specifically criterion 1a ("it complies with the manual of style guidelines for lead sections, layout, words to watch, fiction, and list incorporation") and 2c ("it contains no original research"). Some works of media, like Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle, do feature the Round Table significantly enough to comply with policies and guidelines. Others do not. For example, is literally just a passing mention, which was not cited to any source.
 * It appears that you are adopting a WP:BATTLEGROUND attitude in regards to this content. I do not have anything against the article or against popular-culture sections. However, the content I removed was largely either unsourced or trivial (mostly both). – Epicgenius (talk) 16:51, 28 October 2022 (UTC)

Success vs. failure
No Sirree! was staged only once, and was considered a success. The Forty-Niners lasted 15 performances, but was considered a failure. I have a problem reconciling these statements. -- Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  20:58, 25 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Algonquin Round Table


text:
Monifah

Monifa Carter (born January 28, 1972 ), also known as Monifah, is an American R&B singer. She is best known for her association with the late rapper Heavy D and her music from the mid-1990s, including "I Miss You (Come Back Home)", "You" and "Touch It", which was released in 1998. She starred on TV One's reality show R&B Divas: Atlanta. She is also known for her single "You Don't Have to Love Me".

Early life
Monifah was born and raised in New York City.

Career
In 1996, her gold certified debut album, Moods...Moments was released. In 1997, she contributed the Heavy D.-produced "I Still Love You" to the soundtrack of the film, Sprung. Monifah's second album was Mo'hogany. Released in the last quarter of 1998, it featured "Touch It". The track peaked at No. 29 in the UK Singles Chart. Monifah's third album Home, released in 2000 contained "I Can Tell", "Brown Eyes" and "Fairytales". In 2003, she played a supporting role in Michael Baisden's Men Cry in the Dark stage play. In August 2012, Monifah and R&B singers Syleena Johnson, Faith Evans, Keke Wyatt, LaTocha Scott, Angie Stone, and Nicci Gilbert appeared in a reality show for TV One called R&B Divas. It was later retitled R&B Divas: Atlanta and Monifah has appeared on the subsequent second and third seasons, with LaTavia Roberson and Kameelah Williams joining the cast in season 3 on April 23, 2014. In 2012, she appeared on Faith Evans' compilation album R&B Divas on the single "Lovin' Me" in addition to her solo track "She's Me". The album was later nominated for a Grammy. She released a new single "The Other Side" which premiered in June 2014. In 2015, Monifah signed with and released a single "One Moment" with Famous Records / Famous Music Group based out of Sunrise, Florida who distributes via Universal.

Personal life
On R&B Divas: Atlanta, Monifah publicly revealed she is in a same-sex relationship. In the third-season finale of R&B Divas: Atlanta, she married her longtime partner Terez on April 4, 2014. Monifah has a daughter born in 1991.

title: Monifah


text:
User talk:Cdrum

Welcome!
Hi Cdrum, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

""

Oh yes, don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Mailer Diablo 15:33, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

2005 Bali bombings
Hi Cdrum,

The AP external link worked at least for me. It points to a random agency but has the same report. I suspect the cause perhaps to be that one of the random agencies link happened to be dead. If it still doesn't work, let me know.

- Cheers, Mailer Diablo 15:33, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

--

Mailer diablo, Yeah, it is working now. thanks, Chris 15:45, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Line 3
IIRC, it is planned, but not under construction yet. -- ran (talk) 14:20, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

Spam in China North International Shooting Range
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on China North International Shooting Range, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because China North International Shooting Range is blatant advertising for a company, product, group, service or person that would require a substantial rewrite in order to become an encyclopedia article. To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting China North International Shooting Range, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to contact the bot operator if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. --Android Mouse Bot 2 11:46, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cdrum


text:
Mike Ruddock

Mike Ruddock, OBE (born 5 September 1959) is a Welsh rugby union coach who is currently an interim consultant for Ospreys, having previously coached Lansdowne FC. Ruddock was the Director of Rugby at the Worcester Warriors until his resignation on 28 April 2010. He was the coach of the Welsh national rugby union team from 2004 until February 2006 and Leinster Coach from 1997 to 2000

He is the father of 3 children. Irish rugby union international Rhys Ruddock, Ciaran Ruddock and Katie Ruddock.

Can play guitar relatively well.

Playing career
Ruddock was born in Blaina, and played in the back row for his local team, Blaina. He also played for Tredegar and Swansea, making 119 appearances for Swansea and scoring 43 tries.

He also played for Wales under-16s and Wales B, but his playing days were ended prematurely by an accident at work in 1985. Working as an electricity linesman, he fell from a pole, suffering serious injuries including three compressed vertebrae and a fractured skull.

Club rugby
He began his career as a coach at Blaina and guided them to a Monmouthshire Premier League title & a Ben Francis Cup victory, he later coached Cross Keys and had a spell in Ireland with Bective Rangers. As coach of Swansea, he recorded a 21–6 win over the touring Australians in 1992 and won Welsh league titles in 1992 and 1994 and the Welsh Cup in 1995. In 1997, he again moved to Ireland as director of coaching at Leinster.

Returning to Wales in 2000, he coached Ebbw Vale and Wales 'A' then coached Newport Gwent Dragons with considerable success.

Wales national team
Ruddock was given control of the Wales team to face Romania in the run up to the 2003 Rugby World Cup, a match which Wales won 54–8 – their first win in 11 games.

In 2004, Steve Hansen left his post as coach of the Welsh national side to return to New Zealand, and Ruddock was appointed to the job in March 2004, following the 2004 Six Nations Championship. In his first season, Wales completed the Grand Slam in the Six Nations Championship for the first time since 1978. He received an OBE in the 2006 New Years Honours List.

On 14 February 2006, Ruddock resigned as coach of the Wales national team when contract negotiations with the WRU broke down.

Post Welsh national coach
Ruddock temporarily left rugby following his departure from the Wales team, but soon returned to the game as an assistant coach of Mumbles RFC winning the Division 3 South West title, also taking charge of a World XV and coaching the forwards of a Barbarians select team on a tour of England & South Africa. During his coaching career Ruddock won the Welsh Coach of the Year in 1992 and 2005.

Worcester
Ruddock's return to the mainstream was announced on 1 May 2007, when, two days after narrowly avoiding relegation from the Guinness Premiership, Worcester Warriors appointed Ruddock as Director of Rugby, replacing John Brain. Ruddock took Worcester to the Amlin Challenge Cup Final as well as the Middlesex 7's final at Twickenham before their luck ran out. Following the Warriors 12–10 defeat to Leeds Carnegie on 25 April 2010, the Worcester were relegated from the Guinness Premiership, and Mike Ruddock subsequently resigned from his post as Director of Rugby on 28 April.

Ireland U-20
It was announced on 4 August 2010 that Ruddock was appointed as head coach of the Ireland Under-20 Rugby Union Team.

title: Mike Ruddock


text:
Talk:Apurímac River

Untitled
Length of the Amazon River

With the help of satellite photography it should be possible to survey the length of the Amazon River anew after the source of Río Apurímac at Nevado Mismi has been confirmed as the river's true origin (instead of Río Marañón which had been believed to be the Amazon's source until the 1970s).

Using Google Earth, I have attempted to measure Río Apurímac from its source to the confluence with Río Mantaro in 25 km segments, and will do so with the other Amazon headwaters from Nevado Mismi to its mouth in the Atlantic Ocean.

I measured each 25 km segment in partial segments of 40 m (Google Earth elevation: 7,292 ft), and have specifications of latitude and longitude for each 25 km-stopover noted down below.

I ask all the Wikipedians to check the different segments and note down below where their length differs from my measurements. When you write down differing length, you might note them down this way: "Segment 175-200" (= Distance from Point 175 to 200)

 * Point 000 - 15°30'36.95" S 71°41'58.92" W
 * Point 025 - 15°22'44.91" S 71°43'38.34" W
 * Point 050 - 15°17'17.66" S 71°37'52.80" W
 * Point 075 - 15°10'00.78" S 71°34'52.25" W
 * Point 100 - 14°58'35.97" S 71°36'33.16" W
 * Point 125 - 14°49'45.66" S 71°28'57.13" W
 * Point 150 - 14°39'44.34" S 71°26'02.38" W
 * Point 175 - 14°29'19.97" S 71°27'55.07" W
 * Point 200 - 14°20'27.04" S 71°30'14.20" W
 * Point 225 - 14°09'30.40" S 71°34'06.44" W
 * Point 250 - 14°03'06.08" S 71°43'11.75" W
 * Point 275 - 13°53'22.25" S 71°48'38.05" W
 * Point 300 - 13°49'37.25" S 71°55'11.59" W
 * Point 325 - 13°45'51.12" S 72°03'37.47" W
 * Point 350 - 13°43'04.28" S 72°13'56.19" W
 * Point 375 - 13°39'45.94" S 72°22'34.96" W
 * Point 400 - 13°34'02.00" S 72°31'34.40" W
 * Point 425 - 13°31'20.13" S 72°40'26.37" W
 * Point 450 - 13°25'33.84" S 72°49'00.89" W
 * Point 475 - 13°24'16.79" S 72°59'28.71" W
 * Point 500 - 13°25'36.99" S 73°09'04.67" W
 * Point 525 - 13°22'21.74" S 73°16'59.04" W
 * Point 550 - 13°14'46.21" S 73°22'16.83" W
 * Point 575 - 13°06'41.10" S 73°26'56.93" W
 * Point 600 - 13°00'39.41" S 73°30'18.38" W
 * Point 625 - 12°52'54.60" S 73°32'48.85" W
 * Point 650 - 12°43'17.69" S 73°39'33.83" W
 * Point 675 - 12.37'03.43" S 73°47'53.65" W
 * Point 700 - 12.27'45.97" S 73°51'55.31" W
 * Point 725 - 12.18'37.14" S 73°58'27.88" W
 * Point 730,70 - 12°15'46.15" S 73°58'43.87"

Meister 15:35, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Apurímac River


text:
Mining law

Mining law is the branch of law relating to the legal requirements affecting minerals and mining. Mining law covers several basic topics, including the ownership of the mineral resource and who can work them. Mining is also affected by various regulations regarding the health and safety of miners, as well as the environmental impact of mining.

Ownership
An aspect of property law that is central to mining law is the question of who "owns" the mineral, such that they may legally extract it from the earth. This is often dependent on the type of mineral in question, the mining history of the jurisdiction, as well as the general background legal tradition and its treatment of property.

For instance, in many jurisdictions, rights to mine gold and silver are retained by the sovereign, as the two metals traditionally served as currency in many a given society.

Support
In addition to ownership of the mineral, the method of extraction may affect nearby property owners. Subsidence (be it dramatic or subtle) results when a mine (or similar area) collapses or drops, causing above or nearby structures to drop with it, often damaging or destroying them. The issue of support rights determines the legal rights and relationships between parties in these situations.

By country
Mining law varies both by the legal tradition of the jurisdiction, as well as the individual jurisdiction.

Mining law in German-speaking countries
Mining law in Europe originated from medieval common law. From at least the 12th century, German kings claimed mining rights to silver and other metals, taking precedence over the local lords. But by the late Middle Ages, mining rights, known as the Bergregal were transferred from the king to territorial rulers. Initially, mining rights were granted orally or in writing by individuals. From the early 15th century, mining law was enacted by territorial rulers in the form of decrees or regulations (mining regulations or Bergordnungen), which often remained in force until the 19th century. A new, far-reaching, legal basis was created with the General Mining Act for the Prussian States of 1865 (Allgemeines Berggesetz für die Preußischen Staaten von 1865), which, with local variations, was adopted in Brunswick (1867), Bavaria (1869), Württemberg (1874), Baden (1890) and other countries. With the exception of the Kingdom of Saxony, where a similarly important legal statute, the General Mining Act of the Kingdom of Saxony (Allgemeines Berggesetz für das Königreich Sachsen) came into force on 16 June 1868, it became law in all the larger states of Germany.

Today

 * In Germany, under Article 74 (1) no. 11 of the Basic Law Basic Law, mining law is subject to concurrent legislation. The central legal standard is the Federal Mining Act (Bundesberggesetz).
 * In Austria the legal basis is quite similar to German law. The primary legislation since 1 January 1999 has been the Mineral Raw Material Act (Mineralrohstoffgesetz) or MinroG.
 * In Switzerland mining law is a cantonal business and governed by cantonal law.
 * Mining law in Liechtenstein is restricted to just a few minerals (metallic ores, fossil fuels and related materials like graphite, anthracite, stone coal, lignite, slate coal, asphalt, bitumen and mineral oils, sulphur, rock salt and salt springs) and governed mainly by the Liechtenstein Property Act, articles 484 to 497. As in Switzerland mining in Liechtenstein is no longer important and the regulations in the property act are largely only procedural regulations.

Mining law in English-speaking countries
Unlike German mining law, in Great Britain and the Commonwealth the principle of mining by landowners prevails. The crown only lays claim to gold and silver reserves. In exceptional cases (e.g. where land ownership is divided) mining rights may be given to a third party, whereby the landowners have to be compensated. The mining company pays the landowner a lease, dead rent or a royalty. The rights to above- and below-ground minerals (as a rule quarries and mines) may be awarded separately. One exception among Commonwealth common law countries is Australian mining law, under which virtually all mineral rights are held by the Crown.

Mining law in the United States is also based on English common law. Here the landowner is likewise the owner of all raw materials to unlimited depth. However, the state retains rights over phosphate, nitrate, potassium salts, asphalt, coal, oil shale and sulphur, and a right of appropriation (not ownership) by the state for oil and gas. Sand and gravel come under the Department of the Interior.

Mining law in French-speaking countries
In France and Belgium the Code civil is the basis for mining law.

Literature

 * Reinhart Piens, Hans-Wolfgang Schulte, Stephan Graf Vitzthum: Bundesberggesetz. (BBergG). Kommentar. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1983, ISBN 3-17-007505-5.
 * Raimund Willecke: Die Deutsche Berggesetzgebung. Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart. Glückauf, Essen, 1977, ISBN 3-7739-0210-7.
 * Eduard Kremer, Peter U. Neuhaus gen. Wever: Bergrecht. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart, u. a. 2001, ISBN 3-17-016287-X.
 * Julius Hesemann et al.: Untersuchung und Bewertung von Lagerstätten der Erze, nutzbarer Minerale und Gesteine (= Vademecum 1). Geologisches Landesamt Nordrhein-Westfalen, Krefeld, 1981, pp. 95–105: Abschnitt: Rechtsverhältnisse (Berggesetzgebung).

title: Mining law


text:
El Paso Buzzards

The El Paso Buzzards were a professional ice hockey team in El Paso, Texas, United States, and were members of the Western Professional Hockey League and Central Hockey League. They played their home games at El Paso County Coliseum.

The team was founded by Jim Burlew, Dave MacPherson and John Kettle, who brought in Rich Szturm to run the ice operations and start a youth hockey program for the city by converting the on-site Equestrian Centre at the Coliseum to a full-time NHL-sized rink. The team was one of the original members of the Western Professional Hockey League starting in 1996, winning the league's first two championships in the 1996–97 and 1997–98 seasons. Those teams were coached by Todd Brost, a former member of Canada's Olympic hockey team.

In 2000, the team was sold to West Texas Hockey Management Inc., headed by Bill Davidson.

In 2003, the Buzzards were the first former WPHL team to fold after the WPHL was bought by the Central Hockey League in 2001. During the team's final season, the players were locked out of its home arena after owner Bill Davidson failed to pay rent. By March 2003, the team declared bankruptcy after losing its radio deal and missing payroll causing the front office to resign. Davidson would also be charged with stealing 14 pairs of players' skates at the end of the season.

Hockey would not return to El Paso until the junior hockey team, the El Paso Rhinos, joined the Western States Hockey League as an expansion team in 2006.

title: El Paso Buzzards


text: Category:Verbenaceae

title: Category:Verbenaceae


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Owlboy

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy delete (and protect page from being recreated). HappyCamper 16:21, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Owlboy
Not notable character. User vanity etc. feydey 15:36, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * delete vanity. — brighterorange  (talk) 16:08, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This is the third time this has been created: the first time it was created at OwlBoy and moved to User:OwlBoy and the redirect deleted - the user was warned about posting this stuff in main namespace at User talk:OwlBoy after which he blanked both pages and left. I have just deleted OwlBoy for the second time as re-posted content that had been deleted in line with our deletion policy, this is the third time it has been re-created.  Speedy delete -- Francs2000 [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px|  ]] 16:10, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Owlboy


text:
El Paso County Coliseum

El Paso County Coliseum is a multi-purpose indoor arena located in El Paso, Texas, United States. It opened on May 21, 1942 and was built originally to support a rodeo and livestock show, but later expanded to cater other types of events. A variety of events that have been held at the Coliseum have included hockey, high school graduations, basketball, boxing, circus, concerts, dog shows, flower shows, Ice capades, roller derby, wrestling and more. In addition to events, the Coliseum was also used to temporarily house prisoners of war, braceros and the Texas State Guard.

History
The El Paso County Coliseum was originally built to host rodeo events in the city of El Paso. The original plan for the building, which was backed by El Paso County, and could be supported by a Public Works Administration (PWA) grant, estimated that it would cost $100,000. The final cost for the building was $321,000. The building's architect was Percy McGhee. At first it was called the "El Paso County Live Stock & Agricultural Exhibition Building," or referred to as the "Livestock Exposition Building." It is located in South El Paso, near Washington Park. When it was dedicated, it was the largest coliseum between Los Angeles, Fort Worth and Denver. Behind the main coliseum, which was equipped with an air-cooling system, are several livestock buildings.

The building was dedicated on May 21, 1942 in a party that drew local farmers and El Paso business people together for a barbecue dinner that also celebrated "Cotton Week." The dedication barbecue dinner cost $1 per person. The event featured actors playing characters such as "King Cotton," Uncle Sam and "Miss America" who would be escorted by military color guard from Fort Bliss. The band from Bowie High School was on hand to play while attendees ate. The dedication event saw around 5000 attendees and the El Paso Times called it "an epoch in local history." Karl O. Wyler served as master of ceremonies.

The first event the Coliseum hosted was the El Paso Sheriff's Posse Rodeo in June 1942. In 1943, approval was received from Major C.L. Whitmarsh to house Italian prisoners of war inside the Coliseum building. The prisoners were expected to pick cotton. Prisoners were moved to the Coliseum in September 1943, some of them coming from a concentration camp in Lordsburg, New Mexico. Concerned El Pasoans donated games and instruments to the prisoners for recreational purposes. The Italian prisoners remained in the Coliseum until around March 1944. The Texas State Guard used the Coliseum as temporary headquarters in 1946. The Coliseum was again used to house people in 1951, this time temporarily sheltering braceros.

In 1944, El Paso City Council proposed additional civic programs for the Coliseum as the building had not been making a profit. Plans to open up the Coliseum to sporting events such as boxing and wrestling was proposed in 1945. New speakers were installed for free by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in 1946.

Ike & Tina Turner performed at the Coliseum on July 2, 1966.

On November 10, 1972, Elvis Presley performed at the coliseum to a sold-out crowd of 9,000.

The Grateful Dead made their only ever El Paso appearance on November, 23, 1973.

On May 15, 1975, Fleetwood Mac began their first American tour with newly hired members Stevie Nicks and Lindsey Buckingham at the Coliseum, a 128-date tour that stretched well into the following year, in support of their soon-to-be-released self-titled album.

On, October 19, 1973, The Jacksons performed at the coliseum as part of The Jackson 5 World Tour which stretched from March 2, 1973 to December 1975, and performed on July 22, 1977.

On June 4, 1980, a concert by Alice Cooper was recorded by ABC Radio as part of their SuperGroups In Concert series

Iron Maiden performed here in 1982, 1986, 1987 and their final show at the coliseum was in 1999 during the Ed Hunter Tour.

Around 1996, the Coliseum began to experience roofing issues due to wind damage. In 2000, discussions about creating a new coliseum were ongoing. In 2001, renovations on the Coliseum began which included adding more restrooms, access for people with disabilities and a meeting room. Urban Associates began additional renovations in January 2003 that was projected to cost $6.7 million and include new heating and cooling, improved seating, new concession stands, new roofing and more. Discussions about privatization of the Coliseum were taking place in 2003. In September 2003, supervision of the Coliseum was given to El Paso Sports Commission Inc., for a five-year contract.

In 2020, El Paso was the winner of Kraft Hockeyville USA, winning $150,000 in rink upgrades and $10,000 worth of new equipment.

Disputed capacity
February 11, 2019, President Donald J. Trump came to visit El Paso as a follow-up to his State of the Union address the week before. The attendance at this rally is in dispute and authoritative information is contradictory. El Paso Times reports that "Enrique D Aguilar, fire public information officer, said no special permission was given by the Fire Department, and the Coliseum had about 6,500 people in it during the president's rally — at capacity, but well within its standard allowance."

A United States Department of Transportation case study of case study of PSEs in the El Paso metropolitan area dated August 2008 classifies the Coliseum as a "specially designed facility with event days generating crowds of more than 10,000 people." It states that the Coliseum "is a 5,250-seat multi-purpose arena in El Paso. The Coliseum opened in 1942 and can be adapted to seat up to 11,000 for concerts."

title: El Paso County Coliseum


text:
File:Dekommunist.jpg

Summary
De Kommunist, announcing the formation of MLPN

title: File:Dekommunist.jpg


text:
Inverkip power station

Inverkip power station was an oil-fired power station on the Inverclyde coast, Firth of Clyde, west coast of Scotland. It was closer to Wemyss Bay than Inverkip, and dominated the local area with its 236 m chimney, the third tallest chimney in the UK and Scotland's tallest free-standing structure. In common with other power stations in Scotland it lacked cooling towers; instead, sea water was used as a coolant. The station consisted of three generating units with a combined total rating of 2028 megawatts (MW).

History
Construction began in 1970 for the then South of Scotland Electricity Board (SSEB). It was to be Scotland's first oil-fired power station. The soaring price of oil as a result of the 1973 oil crisis meant that by the time construction was completed generation was uneconomical. It was never utilised commercially, with 1200 MW kept in reserve and the remaining capacity being used to satisfy peak demand. It was only used at peak capacity during the miners' strike of 1984-85, when low coal supplies prompted operation. Generation ceased in January 1988 and although the plant was retained as a strategic reserve, it was never used as such. The plant was finally mothballed in the late 1990s, but was kept fully operational until 2006 when it was decommissioned.

The power station's equipment was kept intact and continually operating dehumidifiers were used to keep it in good condition while the facility was unused.

In construction, provision was made on site for a fourth generating unit (to the north of the existing units), including a fourth stack inside the chimney, but the fourth generating unit was cancelled before construction commenced. One design feature of the power station is the lack of steam driven boiler feed pumps, with units 1 and 2 being provided with three 50% electric boiler feed pumps and unit 3 with two 50% electric feed pumps. The main turbo-generator was manufactured by Parsons, and many of the major components were interchangeable with the turbo-generators at Hunterston B around 13 mi south, on the Firth of Clyde, also then owned by the South of Scotland Electricity Board.

Most workers lived in Wemyss Bay, many in housing provided by the Scottish Special Housing association, as well as the more affluent Lawrence estate.

The turbines were also interchangeable with Torness and Heysham 2 power station; the stator from one of the turbines was transferred to Heysham 2 Nuclear power station in the 1990s under the CEGB which was then privatised to National Power, Powergen, Nuclear Electric and British Energy.

Demolition
The site has been cleared for housing and small business development. Preparatory demolition work started in April 2010. Since 2006, large amounts of equipment were removed to be used as spares at other power stations, including switchgear, turbine rotors, and control equipment. The last visits to remove equipment took place in March 2012.

Electrical oil and other chemicals were drained to make the site safe, and major demolition began in June 2010 with the removal of one of the three large oil tanks. The northern section (Unit 3) of the main building was demolished by a controlled explosion at the end of October 2012, and by November all three large oil tanks had been removed from the site. The main boiler room was demolished in February 2013.

The final significant structure, its landmark chimney, was demolished by controlled explosions at 10 pm on Sunday 28 July 2013.

Former Inverkip workers were relocated to Hartlepool or Heysham nuclear power stations.

Between 2019 and 2021, the substation and power lines were removed.

title: Inverkip power station


text:
Talk:Saek language

{{WikiProjectBannerShell|1=

Untitled
Moving this here from the article page:
 * source: cross-cultural missionary who surveyed and worked among minority language groups (including Saek) in Nakhon Panom and surrounding provinces since 1974.

That's cool, but ideally Wikipedia articles should rely on published sources. If anything on this language has been published, please feel free to add it to the article! --Angr/undefined 15:38, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Saek language


text:
Bowden railway station

Bowden railway station is located on the Grange, Port Dock, and Outer Harbor lines. Situated in the inner-city Adelaide suburb of Bowden, it is 2.7 kilometres from Adelaide station. The station was rebuilt and reopened in January 2018, with the original platforms closed and demolished; the southbound platform was closed and demolished in April 2017, a section of the northbound platform was retained due to the original station's 1856 brick and stone station building being located on that platform, which now houses The Loose Caboose Café.

History
Bowden was one of the original stations on the Adelaide to Port Adelaide railway when the line opened in April 1856. In 1871, sidings were constructed at the Woodville end of the station for delivery of coal from Port Adelaide to the adjacent gas works. With increasing traffic, the single track Adelaide to Port Adelaide line was duplicated in 1881, and the sidings at Bowden were extended as the gas works grew. Two signal cabins were in operation at Bowden between 1884 and 1930, one at East Street (at the Woodville end), the second at Gibson Street (at the Adelaide end). The East Street cabin was closed when colour light signalling was introduced on the Port line in the 1930s.

The SA Gas Company sidings were closed in June 1973 and Bowden's goods yard was closed completely from September 1977 along with the Gibson Street signal cabin. The site of the gas works sidings is still visible on the north side of the line near the Chief Street underpass. With falling passenger numbers, the station has been unattended since November 1979, which is in marked contrast from the middle years of the 20th century when usage was high enough to justify staffed ticket offices on both platforms. In 2012, The Loose Caboose Café was opened in the station building on northbound platform 1. In late 2016, the station was ranked as one of the better stations in the western suburbs based on 5 criteria.

Redevelopment
Bowden station was significantly redeveloped as a part of the Torrens Rail Junction Project, a grade separation project to lower the Outer Harbor and Grange lines below Park Terrace, the Adelaide-Port Augusta line and Gawler line. The original city-bound platform was closed on 11 April 2017 and demolished shortly afterwards. The outbound platform was closed in September of the same year along with the entire Outer Harbor and Grange lines to facilitate main construction of the rail junction; this platform and the heritage station building containing The Loose Caboose Café were retained and the platform is now in use as a pedestrian walkway. The new Bowden station was constructed between Park Terrace and Gibson Street in the lowered cutting and was opened on 15 January 2018 along with the Outer Harbor and Grange lines.

Transport Connections
The closest bus stop to Bowden station is Stop 6 on Port Road:

City – Osborne City – Westfield West Lakes City – Largs Bay

Bowden station is also in close proximity to the Entertainment Centre tram station:

Entertainment Centre – Moseley Square (peak hour only)

Entertainment Centre – Botanic Garden

title: Bowden railway station


text:
Balthasar Bekker

Balthasar Bekker (20 March 1634 – 11 June 1698) was a Dutch minister and author of philosophical and theological works. Opposing superstition, he was a key figure in the end of the witchcraft persecutions in early modern Europe. His best known work is De Betoverde Weereld (1691), or The World Bewitched (1695).

Life
Bekker was born in Metslawier (Dongeradeel) as the son of a German pastor from Bielefeld. He was educated at Groningen, under Jacob Alting, and at Franeker. Becoming the rector of the local Latin school, he was appointed to his satisfaction in 1657 as a pastor in Oosterlittens (Littenseradiel), and started as one of the first to preach on Sunday afternoon.

From 1679 he worked in Amsterdam, after being driven from Friesland. In 1683 he travelled to England and France. In two months time Bekker visited London, Cambridge, Oxford, Paris and Leuven, with a great interest in the art of fortification.

Works
An enthusiastic disciple of Descartes, he wrote several works on philosophy and theology, which by their freedom of thought aroused considerable hostility. In his book De Philosophia Cartesiana Bekker argued that theology and philosophy each had their separate terrain and that Nature can no more be explained through Scripture than can theological truth be deduced from Nature. His application of Cartesian metaphysics and reproach of Biblical literalism put him at odds with the Dutch Reformed Church.

His best known work was De Betoverde Weereld (1691), or The World Bewitched (1695), in which he examined critically the phenomena generally ascribed to spiritual agency. He attacked the belief in sorcery and "possession" by the devil. Indeed, he questioned the devil's very existence. He applied the doctrine of accommodation to account for the biblical passages traditionally cited on the issue. Bekker argued that practices decried as witchcraft were little more than fatuous but harmless superstitions. The book had a sensational effect and was one of the key works of the Early Enlightenment in Europe. It was almost certainly the most controversial.

The publication of the book led to Bekker's deposition from the ministry. The orthodox among Dutch theologians saw his views as placing him among notorious atheists: Thomas Hobbes, Adriaan Koerbagh, Lodewijk Meyer and Baruch Spinoza. Eric Walten came to his defence, attacking his opponents in extreme terms. Bekker was tried for blasphemy, maligning the public Church, and spreading atheistic ideas about Scripture. Some towns banned the book, but Amsterdam and the States of Holland never did, continuing his salary, without formally stripping him of his post.

The World Bewitched is now considered interesting as an early study in comparative religion.

Margaret Jacob coined the term "Radical Enlightment" with regards to Bekker, the brothers Johan and Pieter de la Court, and Baruch de Spinoza, that affirmed the equality of all men based on their common reason. The definition was subsequently popularized by Jonathan Israel. Jacob defined them as "pantheist, freemasons and repubblicana" characterized by a Radical criticism of religion that "anticipated Dutch 'Patriots' and Enlightment philosophers in the late eighteenth century "

Later life
In July 1698 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London. He died in Amsterdam.

Selected publications

 * De philosophia Cartesiana admonitio candida & sincera. Bekker, Balth. / Vesaliae / 1668
 * The world bewitch'd; or, An examination of the common opinions concerning spirits: their nature, power, administration, and operations. As also, the effects men are able to produce by their communication. Divided into IV parts; Bekker, Balthasar / Translated from a French copy, approved of and subscribed by the author's own hand / printed for R. Baldwin in Warwick-lane / 1695

title: Balthasar Bekker


text:
London Development Agency

The London Development Agency (LDA) was from July 2000 until 2012 the regional development agency for the London region in England. A functional body of the Greater London Authority, its purpose was to drive sustainable economic growth within London.

Projects were inherited from English Partnerships or carried out in collaboration with the Greater London Authority and other public sector organisations, including the Department for International Development, the British Council, and London College of Fashion, alongside London boroughs. Members of the Greater London Authority commissioned a 2008 report on these projects, followed by another in 2009.

The agency was closed on 31 March 2012 as a result of the coalition government's spending review. Some of its functions were assumed by the Greater London Authority itself; these included support for Visit London, Think London and Study London, and the administration of London's European Structural Funds programmes. The GLA was required by the Localism Act 2011 to take over LDA's assets and liabilities, which were placed into the ownership of a new subsidiary corporation – GLA Land and Property.

The LDA was based at Palestra, 197 Blackfriars Road, Southwark, south London (across the street from Southwark tube station). The LDA Olympic Land team was based at the London 2012 headquarters in Docklands.

Chief executive

 * Michael Ward (2000–2004)
 * Manny Lewis (2004–2008)
 * Peter Rogers (2008–2012)

Board
The board members were appointed by the Mayor of London, and were:

 * Chair: Harvey McGrath (London Development Agency)
 * Ann Humphries
 * Edmund Lazarus
 * Fran Beckett
 * Ian Barlow
 * James Cleverly AM
 * Jeremy Mayhew
 * Mike Freer
 * Megan Dobney
 * Peter Truesdale
 * Steven Norris
 * Susan Angoy
 * Anthony Browne

Publications

 * Green Enterprise District: East London, July 2010

title: London Development Agency


text:
File talk:Ed Poor barnstar.svg

Thanks, Phroziac. I think you've captured the likeness rather well. Online photos of me are here and here. Uncle Ed 15:40, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

This is a fantastic work! Also, it's the first example I've seen of an SVG on Wikipedia showing how they work ;-) There's quite a few SVG drawings I've done that I desperately wish I could find the original of so I could replace the uploaded PNGs ... - David Gerard 09:39, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

title: File talk:Ed Poor barnstar.svg


text:
File:Nightwish-deepsilentcomplete.jpg

This image is a cover of the album Deep Silent Complete by Nightwish. Its inclusion here is claimed as fair use because:

 * It illustrates educational articles about the album from which the cover illustration was taken.
 * The image is used as the primary means of visual identification of the article topic.
 * It is a low resolution image.
 * The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * It is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted image of comparable educational value.
 * The use of the cover will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute the original.

The use of the cover illustration is in good faith, and its inclusion enhances the quality of the article without reducing the commercial value of the recording from which it was drawn. —♦♦ AMBER  (ЯʘCK)  08:06, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

title: File:Nightwish-deepsilentcomplete.jpg


text:
Æthelberht, king of the Hwicce

Æthelberht (Æðelberht) was a possible King of Hwicce jointly with his presumed brothers Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelric. It is probable that they were all sons of Oshere, although the paternity of Æthelheard and Æthelberht is not explicitly stated in surviving documents.

In 692, together with Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelric, he witnessed a charter of Æthelred, King of Mercia.

In 693 the four brothers witnessed a charter issued by their father Oshere.

In neither of these charters is he styled king.

title: Æthelberht, king of the Hwicce


text:
User:Solarmyth

I am an American proponent of Thelema.

title: User:Solarmyth


text:
Fredericton Canadiens

The Fredericton Canadiens, or the 'Baby Habs' were a professional ice hockey team in Fredericton, New Brunswick. The Canadiens played their home games at the Aitken Centre. They were a member of the American Hockey League from 1990 to 1999, and were a farm team of the Montreal Canadiens.

The team was originally the Sherbrooke Canadiens before 1990, and subsequently moved to Quebec City as the Quebec Citadelles in 1999, then moving to Hamilton in 2002 to become the Hamilton Bulldogs. They are now the Laval Rocket.

In 1995, the Canadiens played in the Calder Cup Finals, where they were swept in four games by the Albany River Rats.

Playoffs
† Two game combined total goals series.

title: Fredericton Canadiens


text:
User:Steveheidt

I have no problem writing about anything else but I have no idea what to write about myself.

title: User:Steveheidt


text:
Deep Silent Complete

"Deep Silent Complete" is the fifth single by Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish, released as the only official single from their third studio album, Wishmaster. The song contains lines written by William Shakespeare, and was dedicated to the ocean.

This song is the second single from the album Wishmaster, the third album of Nightwish. The song is a "tribute to the mighty power of the ocean" and contains some lines written by William Shakespeare.

The group released "Deep Silent Complete" on May 8, 2000.

It reached number three on the Finland singles chart, and was certified with Gold Disc in Finland with more than 5,000 sold copies.

Track listing
All tracks are written by Tuomas Holopainen.

 * 1) "Deep Silent Complete" – 3:57
 * 2) "Sleepwalker" (heavy version) – 3:10

Personnel

 * Tarja Turunen – vocals
 * Tuomas Holopainen – keyboards
 * Emppu Vuorinen – guitars
 * Jukka Nevalainen – drums
 * Sami Vänskä – bass guitar

title: Deep Silent Complete


text:
United National Liberation Front (Paraguay)

United National Liberation Front (in Spanish: Frente Unido de Liberación Nacional, abbreviated FULNA) was a guerrilla movement controlled by the Paraguayan Communist Party that fought against the regime of dictator Alfredo Stroessner. FULNA was founded in 1960 though by the end of the decade the movement was virtually eradicated by the Paraguayan military with its leaders and members either arrested, executed, imprisoned, tortured, or killed in action. One unit, Columna Mariscal López, continued to exist until the 1970s, when it was finally eradicated.


text:
Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Lewisham

Lewisham parks and open spaces are part of the "green lung" of London and include a diverse range of sites, from small urban parks and gardens to one of the most historic natural landscapes in Greater London at Blackheath. While overall control rests with London Borough of Lewisham, management of borough-owned parks and their facilities is contracted out to Glendale Grounds Management.

Key sites
Together with other smaller sites, such as ponds, woods, and railside areas there is a total of 1185 acres (474ha) of land defined as Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation. These include:
 * Nature conservation:
 * Beckenham Place Park – part of the Green Chain Walk and Capital Ring.
 * Brockley and Ladywell Cemeteries – adjoining Victorian cemeteries of both historic and nature conservation importance.
 * Blackheath – one of the largest open spaces in Greater London, Blackheath is an historic London landscape and an important natural habitat. It is jointly managed by Lewisham and Royal Borough of Greenwich. Blackheath is not common but manorial waste.
 * Grove Park Nature Reserve - a 4.6 ha site including woodland, shrubland and meadow, opened in 1984.
 * Hither Green Triangle – grassland and wooded area between railway lines that was declared a nature reserve in 1993.
 * Deptford Creek – tidal reach of a Thames tributary.

 * Sue Godfrey Nature Park at Deptford – reclaimed from industrial wasteland and named after an environmental campaigner.

Local nature reserves are: Beckenham Place Park, Brookmill Road, Burnt Ash Pond, Dacres Wood, Downham Woodland Walk and Sue Godfrey Nature Park.

There 45 parks in Lewisham. Apart from those shown above as nature conservation areas, other parks include:
 * Local parks
 * Brookmill Park – formerly a small recreation site by the River Ravensbourne, it was substantially expanded in the 1920s and 1950s and extended again in 1998. Now part of National Cycle Route 21 (the Waterlink Way) to the Sussex coast.
 * Chinbrook Meadows – on the River Quaggy east of Grove Park railway station and part of the South East London Green Chain.
 * Deptford Park – owned by the Borough since 1897.
 * Folkestone Gardens – 1970s park close to Deptford Park and created from an area of land badly damaged by a V-2 rocket in 1945. Part of the London Cycle Network, and notable for its large pond and children's play area.
 * Forster Memorial Park – east of the A21 road in the Whitefoot and Bellingham area.
 * Hilly Fields - a large park located between Brockley and Ladywell. The park has a stone circle and expansive views across London. The weekly Parkrun held here is one of the steepest in the country.
 * Ladywell Fields– situated alongside the railway line between Ladywell, Catford Bridge and Catford railway stations, the area contains sports facilities (athletics track, tennis courts, and a sports hall), together with a small nature reserve.
 * Manor House Gardens - former gardens and ornamental pond of the Manor House in Lee.
 * Mayow Park, Lower Sydenham – oldest municipal park, opened 1878.
 * Mountsfield Park, Catford – opened 1905 and used by Charlton Athletic F.C. for two seasons.
 * Northbrook Park opened 1903, 9 acre park in Grove Park, on Baring Road,
 * Sayes Court Park, Deptford – Park on the Thames Path.
 * Sydenham Wells Park, Upper Sydenham – medicinal springs, water features and formal gardens, as well as multi sports ball court and tennis courts.
 * Telegraph Hill Park, New Cross – named after semaphore telegraph once placed there and refurbished in 2004.