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Ishmael Miller

Ishmael Anthony Miller (born 5 March 1987) is an English former professional footballer who played as a striker.

Beginning his career in the Premier League with Manchester City, he later played in the top flight for West Bromwich Albion where he was part of the team that had won promotion in 2008 and 2010. He spent almost the rest of his career playing in the EFL Championship for Queens Park Rangers, Nottingham Forest, Middlesbrough, Yeovil Town, Blackpool and Huddersfield Town. He later played with Bury, Oldham Athletic and Tranmere Rovers.

Manchester City
Miller was born in Manchester, Greater Manchester and was raised in the Moston district of the city. He signed professionally with Manchester City at the beginning of the 2005–06 season, and featured in a number of pre-season games for the first team. A number of impressive displays for the reserve team led to a competitive first team début, as a substitute in a Premier League match against Wigan Athletic on 18 March 2006. Miller made no further first team appearances that season, but was leading goalscorer for the reserves.

Miller featured regularly in Manchester City's first team pre-season matches in July and August 2006, including a goal in a friendly against Wrexham. He then proceeded to make substitute appearances in four of Manchester City's first six games of the season, and made his full début on 23 September 2006 in a 2–0 victory over West Ham United, and started the move which led to the opening goal. Although known as a striker in youth and reserve football, Miller first played for the Manchester City first team as an attacking midfielder.

Loan to West Bromwich Albion
On 18 July 2007, Miller had been linked with a move to Preston North End. On 13 August 2007, West Bromwich Albion manager Tony Mowbray confirmed that he was interested in taking Miller on a season-long loan. On 15 August Miller completed a season long loan to West Brom with a view to a permanent transfer. "Ishmael will give us a different option up front," Mowbray predicted. "He's a big, quick, powerful lad who is looking for an opportunity to play more regularly. He will increase competition for places with the other strikers we've already got at the club." He scored on his debut for West Bromwich Albion with an individual effort in their 2–0 home win against Preston North End on 18 August. He had been on the pitch for only seven minutes, having replaced Kevin Phillips, the other scorer in the game, in the 66th minute. He scored on his first start for Albion against Ipswich Town and helped the team to a 4–0 victory, before scoring twice in Albion's 4–2 home loss to Cardiff City. Miller's form during October led to his nomination for Championship player of the month, but the award went to Stoke City's on-loan defender Ryan Shawcross. He was further recognised later in November, when he received his first call-up to the England under-21s.

Return to City
In a 5 October interview, City manager Sven-Göran Eriksson confirmed that Miller was still part of his long-term plans. Amongst other things, Eriksson said, "We talked about it and we could not see why he should not have a new contract with us, but we were very keen that he go out on loan and it's working out very well for him" (referring to Miller's new three-year contract signed with Manchester City just as he went on loan), and "I saw the game (Queens Park Rangers) on TV last Sunday, and I thought he was fantastic. When he scored he went looking for someone, which I thought it would be his family or his girlfriend – but then they showed Micah Richards jumping up and down in the crowd!" .

West Bromwich Albion
On the last day of the January 2008 transfer window, Miller signed on a permanent deal to West Brom on a $3 1/2$-year contract, for a fee that could rise to £1.4 million. On 9 March 2008 he scored a hat-trick in Albion's 5–1 win at Bristol Rovers in the FA Cup quarter-final. He scored his first Premier League goal in the 2–1 loss to Newcastle on 28 October 2008. His goal in the following game, a 2–2 draw against Blackburn Rovers, earned him the West Bromwich Albion Goal of the Season award. In December 2008, Miller sustained a serious injury to his knee (cruciate ligament) in a collision with Portsmouth goalkeeper David James and missed the rest of the 2008–09 season. Despite this, in October 2009, Miller signed a new contract, keeping him at Albion until June 2014. On 8 January 2010, he made his long-awaited comeback after almost 14 months out as a second-half substitute against Nottingham Forest.

Loan to Queen's Park Rangers
The arrival of Peter Odemwingie and Marc-Antoine Fortune, plus West Brom's preference to operate with a lone striker, restricted Miller's chances of first team football at West Brom. On 21 January 2011, Miller joined Football League Championship leaders Queen's Park Rangers on a 93-day loan. He scored his first and only goal for Rangers as he came off to the bench to grab a last minute winner against Leicester City, this winner proved to be vital as QPR won promotion to the Premier League. At the end of the loan period, he returned to West Bromwich Albion and made a substitute appearance in their defeat at Wolverhampton Wanderers on 8 May 2011.

Nottingham Forest
On 6 August 2011, West Brom manager Roy Hodgson indicated that Ishmael Miller was poised to sign for Nottingham Forest and acknowledged the player's need for regular first team football. However, although confirming initial negotiations had occurred with West Brom, Forest stressed that there had been no contact or talks at that time with either the player or his agent.

On 13 August 2011, Nottingham Forest announced that Miller would sign a three-year contract with the club the following Monday. Miller's transfer from West Brom to Forest was finalised on Monday 15 August. The transfer fee was an initial £1.2 million. West Brom's Sporting & Technical Director, Dan Ashworth, stated: "This move is probably in the best interests of all parties because we can't guarantee Ishmael first-team football and this is a great opportunity for him to hopefully play regularly". Miller said about the transfer: "I have got a point to prove. I've had a few injury problems over the last few years...I need to go out there and show what I can do. I'm relishing the new challenge at this stage of my career".

Miller made his first appearance for Forest as a substitute on 16 August 2011 in an away 1–0 win against Doncaster Rovers. On 24 August 2011, Miller scored his first goals for the club in the League Cup match against Wycombe Wanderers.

In October 2011, Miller was charged with misconduct by FA, and admitted the charge. It related to a post on his Twitter account. Miller had responded angrily on Twitter to fans' comments and was fined £2,500 by the FA for improper conduct and bringing the game into disrepute.

In May 2014, it was announced that Forest had opted not to renew Miller's contract following his various loan spells.

Loan to Middlesbrough
On 24 August 2012, Miller signed for Middlesbrough on a season-long loan. Miller made his debut for Boro' in their 2–1 victory over Crystal Palace on 25 August 2012, in which he started the game and was eventually substituted in the second half by Luke Williams. Miller scored his first goal for the club on 23 October 2012 in a 2–0 home win against Hull City.

Loan to Yeovil Town
On 28 November 2013, Miller joined fellow Championship side Yeovil Town on a months loan until January. Miller made his debut in Yeovil's 3–0 win away at Watford, on 30 November 2013, and scored a goal on his debut. Miller scored his second goal for Yeovil Town with a penalty kick on 7 November 2013, in a 2–2 home draw with Charlton Athletic. Miller returned to Nottingham Forest at the end of his loan spell having scored three goals in seven appearances for Yeovil.

On 23 January 2014, Miller rejoined Yeovil Town on loan until the end of the 2013–14 season. Miller scored a further seven goals in twelve league appearances for Yeovil to take his tally for the season to ten.

On 5 April 2014, Yeovil Town manager Gary Johnson revealed that Miller had played his last game for Yeovil, but would remain at Yeovil on loan unless Nottingham Forest recalled him.

Blackpool
After turning down an offer from Doncaster Rovers, on 22 July 2014 Miller trained with Blackpool and the two parties had almost reached an agreement on a contract, but Miller failed to show up to the signing. On 6 August 2014, Miller signed a one-year deal with the option of a further year ahead of the season opener against former club Nottingham Forest.

Huddersfield Town
On 2 February 2015, Miller joined Huddersfield Town on a short-term deal until the end of the 2014–15 season, with the option of a further year, taking the number 11 shirt recently vacated by Danny Ward. He made his début as a late substitute in the 3–1 win over Millwall on 7 February 2015. His first goal for the club came in the 3–0 win over Reading on 24 February 2015. Miller made 37 appearances for Huddersfield and scored four goals before seeing his contract expire at the end of the 2015–16 season.

Bury
On 14 October 2016, Miller signed for League One side Bury on a free transfer. He was released at the end of the 2016–17 season, having made 3 appearances, all as a substitute.

Oldham Athletic
On 2 August 2018, Miller signed for League Two side Oldham Athletic., but was released from his short-term contract on 3 January 2019

Tranmere Rovers
On 7 January 2019, Miller joined Tranmere Rovers. After two appearances for the club he was injured, and asked the club to stop paying his wages until he was fit again. He signed a new 6-month contract with the club in June 2019, but failed to make any further first team appearances.

Honours
West Bromwich Albion
 * Football League Championship: 2007–08

Queens Park Rangers
 * Football League Championship: 2010–11

title: Ishmael Miller


text: User:Liberlogos/Bernard Landry

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Liberlogos/Bernard Landry


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hardcore Wrestling Federation

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Linuxbeak | Talk 14:16, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Hardcore Wrestling Federation
Completing incomplete AfD. Also voting Delete as non-notable wrestling federation, and probable advert KeithD (talk) 20:34, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * An advertisment for a minor upstate NY professional wrestling ring. Not encyclopediac in form or function. Delete  — Xoder|✆ 22:01, 3 October 2005 (UTC) (Unsigned nomination by User:Xoder placed at Articles for Deletion/Hardcore Wrestling Federation by mistake - note incorrect capitalisation of deletion).
 * delete unencyclopeidc. --nixie 06:30, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Jeremy Hipp

Minneapolis meetup
Hello Jeremy. Welcome to Wikipedia. I'm contacting you since you are listed at Category:Wikipedians in Minnesota. I'm going to be at a conference in Minneapolis and am plannnig a Wikipedia meetup for October 8. If you are near Minneapolis at that time, please see Meetup/Minneapolis. Angela. 20:35, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Minnesota meetup
A meetup of Wikipedians in Minnesota is proposed: please stop by the discussion page if interested. Jonathunder 02:06, 3 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Reminder: Meetup October 29, one o'clock, Mall of America. Jonathunder 20:01, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

Meetup RSVP
 Minnesota Meetup Sunday, 2007-10-07, 1:00 p.m. (13:00) Pracna on Main 117 Main SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota Map Please pass this on! RSVP here.  Spam delivered by -Susanlesch 15:12, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't know if you still log in once in a while, but we're planning another meetup for this year. Hope to see you there. Jonathunder (talk) 17:13, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

Minnesota Meetup
 2009 Proposed date: Saturday, October 10. Details under discussion. Please share this with anyone who may be interested.  Delivered by Jonathunder (talk) 19:57, 18 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Update: the meetup will be at 1 p.m. Sunday, October 11, in St. Paul. Click here for more details and to R.S.V.P. Jonathunder (talk)

November Minnesota Meetup
We're maturing --This one actually has an agenda! --Bobak (talk) 00:13, 13 November 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jeremy Hipp


text:
Télévision Par Satellite

Télévision Par Satellite (TPS) was a French company that offered subscription television packages via satellite.

It was created in 1996 by Eutelsat and Arte, soon joined by the TF1 Group, the M6 Group, France Télévisions, RTL Group, France Telecom and Suez Environnement. France Télévisions left the company in 2002.

TPS offered various channels, including some not owned by TPS:
 * TPS Star, the general entertainment flagship channel
 * TPS Foot, a football channel
 * Multivision, a 7-channel premium PPV service
 * And several movie channels: TPS Cineclub, TPS CinéComedy, TPS Cinéculte, TPS Cinextrême, TPS Cinéfamily, TPS Cinéstar, TPS Cinétoile and TPS Homecinéma.

On 31 August 2006 TPS merged with its competitor CanalSat, owned by the Canal+ Group.

The two distributors merged their packages on 21 March 2007. Essentially, TPS merged into CanalSat which was then branded as Nouveau CanalSat. All the TPS branded movie channels were merged into the Canal+-owned CinéCinéma package, TPS Star and TPS Foot being the only channels still using the TPS brand. Some new channels were launched on both platforms.

In 2011, the merger with TPS was cancelled by the Competition Authority. Canal+ appealed, and the Authority determined that its authorisation would be conditional on a number of injunctions, including "re-establish[ing] sufficient competition in the pay television market".

title: Télévision Par Satellite


text:
Talk:Transcendental Idealism

Redirect and Merge to Transcendental idealism because the other is the longer... Banno 20:35, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Transcendental Idealism


text:
Brae

 * "Brae" is also the Lowland Scots language word for the slope or brow of a hill.

Brae (Old Norse: Breiðeið, meaning "the wide isthmus") is a village on the island of Mainland in Shetland, Scotland, United Kingdom.

Description
Brae was historically a fishing village, but with the construction of the nearby Sullom Voe Oil Terminal in the 1970s it grew rapidly, merging with the nearby village of Northbrae. It is located at the northern end of Busta Voe, on the narrow isthmus that joins Northmavine to the rest of the Mainland. The village stages its own Up Helly Aa.

The A970 which connects Lerwick to Northmavine forms the main street of Brae. Brae's police and fire stations, schools, and NHS clinic service much of the northern part of the Mainland.

Brae is also home to one of two secondary schools in Shetland that serve all 6 years of Scottish secondary education, the other being in Lerwick. There are two pubs in Brae.

Etymology
Brae is the Lowland Scots word for the slope or brow of a hill. The word 'Brae' in Shetland dialect has a different meaning; it may come from the Old Norse word breiðr meaning broad. The village may take its name from the broad isthmus between Sullom Voe and Busta Voe as opposed to the narrower one a little further west at Mavis Grind. Alternatively the name may mean "a slope to the sea".

Notable people
Jonathan Sutherland, television and radio broadcaster and main anchor of Sportscene, is from Brae.

Erraid Davies is a member of the Delting Dolphins swimming club based in Brae, which claims to be "the most northerly active swimming club in the UK".

title: Brae


text:
St. George (Manitoba provincial electoral district)

St. George is a former provincial electoral division in Manitoba, Canada.

It was established for the 1914 provincial election, and eliminated with the 1981 election.

The constituency housed a large Icelandic population. For most of its history, it was safe for the Liberal and Liberal-Progressive parties.


text:
Lumpy

Lumpy may refer to:

Film and television

 * Lumpy Rutherford, a friend of Wally Cleaver in the television series Leave it to Beaver
 * Lumpy the Heffalump, a character in Walt Disney Winnie-the-Pooh films and a television series
 * Lumpy the cook, in the 2005 film King Kong
 * Lumpy, a fictional moose in the American flash cartoon Happy Tree Friends
 * Ed, in Cartoon Network's animated television series Ed, Edd n Eddy

People

 * Hugh Brannum (1910–1987), American singer, arranger, composer and actor best known for playing "Mr. Green Jeans" on the children's television show Captain Kangaroo
 * Tim Herron (born 1970), American golfer
 * Lumpy Stevens (1735–1819), English cricketer

Other

 * Lumpy Ridge, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, United States
 * TOM's Toyota LMP, a LeMans Prototype car nicknamed "Lumpy"
 * LUMPY, original title of the 2012 film Best Man Down

title: Lumpy


text:
User talk:159.53.110.142

Tom Brokaw
Please stop vandalising Wikipedia. Yoru IP address has been traced to Jpmorgan Chase & Co.--Hontogaichiban (talk) 06:56, 17 October 2012 (UTC)

Steve Guttenberg
Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia! Your test to Steve Guttenberg worked, and has been reverted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Psy guy (talk) 20:35, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Bobby Higginson
Please stop removing NPOV from the Bobby Higginson article. If you disagree, see the talk page as is indicated in the message. For more information about policy on NPOV, see NPOV. Jayc 05:49, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Hits 4 college vandalism
Please stop removing content from Wikipedia; it is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. --Hetar 22:13, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

Please do not add commercial links (or links to your own private websites) to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links. You are, however, encouraged to add content instead of links to the encyclopedia. See the welcome page to learn more. Thanks. -- Linkspamremover 14:56, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Warning
Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. FellowWikip e dian 21:48, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

July 28, 2006
Please refrain from adding nonsense to Wikipedia, as you did to Bucaramanga. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Wafulz 21:15, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Soha Ali Khan
Please do not add nonsense to Wikipedia, as you did to the above article on 7 July, 2006. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you, — riana_dzasta • t • c • e  • 10:19, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Regarding edits made during August 21 2006 (UTC) to Nicole Alexander
Welcome to Wikipedia. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our encyclopedia. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits are considered vandalism, and if you continue in this manner you may be blocked from editing without further warning. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the work of others. Thank you. If this is an IP address, and it is shared by multiple users, ignore this warning if you did not make any unconstructive edits. Molerat 13:48, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Please refrain from adding nonsense to Wikipedia, as you did to Nicole Alexander. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. A link to the edit I have reverted can be found here: link. If you believe this edit should not have been reverted, please contact me. Viridae Talk 13:49, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Please refrain from adding nonsense to Wikipedia, as you did to Nocturnals. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. A link to the edit I have reverted can be found here: link. If you believe this edit should not have been reverted, please contact me. Khukri ( talk  .  contribs ) 14:13, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Having re-looked at your edit I realised it was legitimate. Sorry for the inconvenience. Regards Khukri ( talk  .  contribs ) 14:16, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Your edits to Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) and Langston Hughes
Please do not deliberately introduce incorrect information into articles. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. -- Jim Douglas (talk) (contribs)  01:02, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

Your edit to Langston Hughes
Please review these links before you consider reinstating that change:
 * http://www.usps.com/news/2002/philatelic/sr02_009.htm
 * http://www.lincoln.edu/library/index.html
 * http://www.founders.howard.edu/Reference/Webliographies/Langston_Hughes2_files/Langston_Hughes2.htm

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages by deliberately introducing incorrect information, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. -- Jim Douglas (talk) (contribs)  01:15, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

Your vandalism of Langston Hughes
This is your last warning. The next time you deliberately introduce incorrect information into a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. -- Jim Douglas (talk) (contribs)  01:22, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

This is the only warning you will receive. Your recent vandalism will not be tolerated. Although vandalizing articles on occasions that are days or weeks apart from each other sometimes prevents editors from being blocked, your continued vandalism constitutes a long term pattern of abuse. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. A link to the edit I have reverted can be found here: link. If you believe this edit should not have been reverted, please contact me. // I c e d K o l a  ( Contribs ) 22:06, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. A link to the edit I have reverted can be found here: link. If you believe this edit should not have been reverted, please contact me. Wizardman 18:15, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

RE: Scot Sherman
No idea which IP to respond to. User_talk:159.53.46.141 -- Consumed Crustacean (talk) 23:54, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

Greetings
Hello. Please don't forget to provide an edit summary. Thanks, and happy editing.

Welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. As a member of the Wikipedia community, I would like to remind you of Wikipedia's neutral-point-of-view policy for editors. In the meantime, please be bold and continue contributing to Wikipedia.

Thank you for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and it has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you may want to do. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Xiner (talk, email) 17:35, 25 January 2007 (UTC) Xiner (talk, email) 17:30, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

The Fantasy Trip
To whoever edited The Fantasy Trip recently: thanks for contributing. However, looking at my copies of those games, I see that Metagaming called the "MicroGames", so I've reverted to the CamelCase spelling. I hope you don't mind. Cheers, CWC (talk) 07:24, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

February 2007
Please stop. If you continue to vandalise the userpages of other users, as you did to User:Carabinieri, you will be blocked. Danski14 21:42, 22 February 2007 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, please ignore this warning

Please do not add unhelpful and non-constructive information to Wikipedia, as you did to Merlot. Your edits could be considered vandalism, and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. -- lucasbfr talk 19:11, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

Delta Sigma Pi
The page is still being updated, don't make your own assumptions, members have proprietary information about the Fraternity that you don't. And seriously, just leave the pages alone, I mean, dude, have you seen how many times this IP has been reported?

May 2007
Please do not remove speedy deletion tags from pages. Instead type under the tag and state your reasons why the page should not be deleted. Thanks. Pnkrockr 14:09, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

List of Latter Day Saints
Regarding your recent edits, please be aware that your assertion is in contention. The quote below is from the current article Early life of Joseph Smith, Jr.. The source at the base of this paragraph may be of interest to you. If you would like to comment on this topic, please go to the discussion page on "Early life...". Thank you. WBardwin 01:38, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Court records from Bainbridge, New York, show that Smith, identified as "The Glass Looker," was before the court on 20 March 1826, on a warrant for an unspecified misdemeanor charge (Hill 1972, p. 2), and that the judge issued a mittimus for Smith to be held, either during or after the proceedings (Hill 1972, p. 5). Although Smith's associate Oliver Cowdery (who had not met Smith as of 1826) later stated that Smith was "honorably acquitted" (Cowdery 1835, p. 200), the result of the proceeding is unclear, with some eye-witnesses (including the court reporter) claiming he was found guilty, others claiming he was "condemned" but "designedly allowed to escape," and yet others claiming he was "discharged" for lack of evidence (Hill 1972, p. 5).

April 2008
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Your edit here was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to remove unwanted links and spam from Wikipedia. If you were trying to insert a good link, please accept my creator's apologies, but note that the external link you added or changed is on my list of links to remove and probably shouldn't be included in Wikipedia.

The external links I reverted were matching the following regex rule(s): rule: '\bblogspot\.com' (link(s): http://dpthinternational.blogspot.com/2008/02/life-everlasting-metal.html..). If the external link you inserted or changed was to a blog, forum, free web hosting service, or similar site, then please check the information on the external site thorougly. Note that such sites should probably not be linked to if they contain information that is in violation of the creators copyright (see Linking to copyrighted works), or they are not written by a recognised, reliable source. Linking to sites that you are involved with is also strongly discouraged (see conflict of interest).

Please read Wikipedia's external links guideline for more information, and consult my list of frequently-reverted sites. For more information about me, see my FAQ page. Thanks! XLinkBot (talk) 16:26, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, please ignore this notice.

Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, adding content without citing a reliable source is not consistent with our policy of verifiability. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you are familiar with Citing sources, please take this opportunity to add references to the article. Piano non troppo (talk) 10:54, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

January 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to Certified Financial Planner has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Mygerardromance (talk) 17:51, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to blank out or delete portions of page content, templates or other materials from Wikipedia, you will be blocked from editing. Angelo De La Paz (talk) 16:58, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to Yorkshire Terrier has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Alansohn (talk) 18:08, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

August 2009
Welcome and thank you for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and it has been reverted or removed. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you would like to experiment further, please use the sandbox instead. Thank you. JForget 20:59, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

October 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Bhavana Pundlikrao Gawali has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you.  Anna Lincoln  10:23, 20 October 2009 (UTC)

January 2010: Additions to the The Turn of the Screw
Your addition of a new roles table for the Houston 2010 production has been reverted. It may be interesting to have a full cast listed, but, if we were to include one every time an opera (however rare it may be) is presented, the article would be absurdly long. Viva-Verdi (talk) 23:12, 28 January 2010 (UTC)

March 2010
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, your addition of one or more external links to the page Exile One has been reverted. Your edit here was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to remove links which are discouraged per our external links guideline from Wikipedia. The external link you added or changed is on my list of links to remove and probably shouldn't be included in Wikipedia. I removed the following link(s): http://www.myspace.com/gordonjhenderson (matching the regex rule \bmyspace\.com). If you were trying to insert an external link that does comply with our policies and guidelines, then please accept my creator's apologies and feel free to undo the bot's revert. However, if the link does not comply with our policies and guidelines, but your edit included other, constructive, changes to the article, feel free to make those changes again without re-adding the link. Please read Wikipedia's external links guideline for more information, and consult my list of frequently-reverted sites. For more information about me, see my FAQ page. Thanks! --XLinkBot (talk) 15:13, 2 March 2010 (UTC) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, please ignore this notice.

July 2010
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Languages of the United States, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. See this edit. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 19:07, 21 July 2010 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

October 2010
Hello. Regarding the recent revert you made to Seattle: you may already know about them, but you might find Template messages/User talk namespace useful. After a revert, these can be placed on the user's talk page to let them know you considered their edit was inappropriate, and also direct new users towards the sandbox. They can also be used to give a stern warning to a vandal when they've been previously warned.

I have added a vandalism warning to the talk page at User talk:Connor1995 02 using Template:Uw-vandalism1 and in fact I used template:Uw-warn to create this message on your talk page. Thanks Mojoworker (talk) 19:59, 6 October 2010 (UTC)

April 2011
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title: User talk:159.53.110.142


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Peterborough Chronicle

Peterborough Chronicle
Self-nom. I know it's a bit short, at least by my standards, but we have a dearth of FA's on medieval literature. There are more possible references, but they would get us into some fairly strong minutiae of linguistics and would therefore be on language, rather than on the Chronicle itself. Geogre 20:36, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I fixed an ungrammatical sentence, but still find the result puzzling:
 * The first continuation expresses equal outrage at the hanging of forty-four thieves in 1122, many of whom were innocent, as at the burning of the monastery at Gloucester. The monastic author suggests that taxes were too high, putting the impoverished villagers in a dilemma of stealing or starving, and argues that the draconian punishments of thieves were a sin.
 * It would seem that this would have the first continuation saying the thieves are guilty at the same time as they're innocent. Which is it? Not having the references to hand nor any knowledge of the text itself, I'm not competent to answer. If the chronicle is so obviously self-contradictory, this should be acknowledged explicitly. If it's more subtle about it, this needs to be explained better.
 * Otherwise, a fine article, although I'd be interested to have more information about the history of the manuscript itself (its preservation, how it traveled from Peterborough to Oxford, etc.). --Michael Snow 21:19, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I thought you disentangled the sentence, but I guess not. The author thought some of the thieves were innocent, but he thought they were innocent in a larger scheme because they had been forced to become thieves.  I.e. they were guilty of the crime, but they were innocent of the sin of moral depravity involved in stealing.  The guilt belonged to the local barons who taxed so excessively that people were turned thieves and who then demonstrated their power by hanging the thieves.  I'll work on making it clearer.  (Please check again a few minutes after this time stamp, as I'll risk being wordy to be clear.)  As for the MS treatment, that's something I haven't encountered.  Inasmuch as it's Bodleian, we know from its call number that it was collected by Archbishop Laud, which means that it was one of the books he gobbled up after the "dispersal" of the monasteries (under him) at the time of Henry VIII.  Laud made some donation to Oxford, so I imagine it landed there around 1580ish .  I don't know for sure, though.  Geogre 01:19, 4 October 2005 (UTC)  Correction: probably got into Oxford in the 1640s, and, for all his faults, Archbishop Laud didn't have anything to do with breaking up the monasteries.  My mistake(s). Geogre 01:35, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 28 June 1639 to be precise, it appears . How Laud came by the manuscript I'm not sure, but I did find this statement that may or may not be relevant: "In January 1623, Laud was inducted into the parsonage of Creeke in the Diocese of Peterborough" . --Michael Snow 06:33, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm looking through the various copyrighted sources on Questia now. There are some bibliophiliac works from the turn of the 20th c. that might give an account.  If I find one, I'll put it in as a sort of "history of the book."  BTW, not to be needy, but was that a "support?" :-) Geogre 16:29, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I took the information we have now and started a history of the manuscript section. Please add to it if you find more. Now that it's there, sure, I'll support. --Michael Snow 18:22, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * All great stuff. So far, I've been finding out (as I feared) about all the source material, which you can tell in this passage, that passage, and another passage in the space before the first continuation, and then more about exactly which and by how much the declensions declined in the first continuation, etc.  I have yet to find a descriptive bibliography, but I keep looking.  (The philological stuff is fascinating, but it's wholly inappropriate in an encyclopedia article.)  I might find an account of when the Peterborough Abbey was "dispersed" by Henry VIII, but even that's going to be a tough slog.  I also keep looking for PD or GFDL pictures of the present-day cathedral, but to no avail so far.  Geogre 02:56, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I know nothing about Middle English, but this article really interested me. Which is what an encyclopedia should do. Stephen Turner 09:55, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Short and sweet like an ass's gallop, as we say in this land of perpetual drizzle. Filiocht | The kettle's on 10:48, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support: looks good to me. (I can't think why they say that about Asses gallops because it's raining). Giano | talk 15:21, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, a great Geogre read, light and clear. I wish there were more pictures, but there probably simply aren't any relevant images other than the manuscript itself, which graces the top right position. If it were me I might put in a few kings and a shot of the Bodleian Library, but that's more an admission of vulgar taste than an objection. Bishonen | talk 00:50, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Aha. See, I had been searching for a picture of the religious center at Peterborough that was GFDL or PD, and I haven't found one.  It might be worth a picture of Stephen.  I don't think the article is long enough for more then 2-3 photos, but I absolutely agree that at least one more is needed.  I just couldn't find the ones I could think of.  Geogre 10:48, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Image:stephenblois.jpg and Image:Matilda-coin.gif are being uploaded and added now. Thanks again. Geogre 10:55, 6 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
Juan Escoiquiz

Juan Escoiquiz Morata (1762 – 27 November 1820) was a Spanish ecclesiastic, politician and writer born in Ocaña in 1762. His father was a general officer and he began life as a page in the court of King Charles III. He entered the church and was provided for by a prebend at Zaragoza. In his memoirs, Manuel de Godoy asserts that Escoiquiz sought to gain his favor by flattery. There is every reason to believe that this is an accurate statement of the ease. The mere fact that he was selected to be the tutor of the heir-apparent, Ferdinand, afterwards King Ferdinand VII, is of itself a proof that he exerted himself to gain the goodwill of the reigning favorite.

In 1797 he published a translation of Young's Night Thoughts, which does not of itself show that he was well acquainted with English, for the version may have been made with the help of the French. In 1798 he published a long and worthless so-called epic on the conquest of Mexico. Escoiquiz was in fact a busy and pushing member of the literary clique which looked up to Godoy as its patron. But his position as tutor to the heir to the throne excited his ambition.

He began to hope that he might play the part of those court ecclesiastics who had often had an active share in the government of Spain. As Ferdinand grew up, and after his marriage with a Neapolitan princess, he became the center of a court opposition to Godoy and to his policy of alliance with France. Escoiquiz was the brains, as far as there were any brains, of the intrigue. His activity was so notorious that he was exiled from court, but was consoled by a canonry at Toledo. This half measure was as ineffective as was to have been expected. Escoiquiz continued to be in constant communication with the prince. Toledo is close to Madrid, and the correspondence was easily maintained.

He had a large share in the conspiracy of the Escorial which was detected on 28 October 1807. He was imprisoned and sent for trial with other conspirators. But as they had appealed to Napoleon, who would not suffer his name to be mentioned, the government had to allow the matter to be quieted, and the prisoners were acquitted. After the outbreak at Aranjuez on 17 March 1808, in which he had a share, he became one of the most trusted advisers of Ferdinand. The new king's decision to go to meet Napoleon at Bayonne was largely inspired by him. In 1814 Escoiquiz published at Madrid his Idea Sencilla de las razones que motivaron el viage del Rey Fernando VII a Bayona ("Honest representation of the causes which inspired the journey of King Ferdinand VII to Bayonne").

It is a valuable historical document, and contains a singularly vivid account of an interview with Napoleon. Escoiquiz was far too firmly convinced of his ingenuity and merits to conceal the delusions and follies of himself and his associates. He displays his own vanity, frivolity and futile cleverness with much unconscious humour, but, it is only fair to allow, with some literary dexterity. When the Spanish royal family was imprisoned by Napoleon, Escoiquiz remained with Ferdinand at Valençay. In 1813 he published at Bourges a translation of John Milton's Paradise Lost.

When Ferdinand was released in 1814 he came back to Madrid in the hope that his ambition would now be satisfied, but the king was tired of him, and was moreover resolved never to be subjected by any favorite. After a very brief period of office in 1815 he was sent as a prisoner to Murcia. Though he was afterwards recalled, he was again exiled to Ronda, where he died on 27 November 1820.

Orders

 * Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III.
 * Cross of Distinction of El Escorial.
 * Cross of Distinction of Valençay.

Jobs

 * Councilor of State.
 * Councillor of State.
 * Archdeacon of Talavera.
 * Dignity of the cathedral of Toledo.
 * Canon of the cathedral of Zaragoza.
 * Chief Librarian of His Majesty.

title: Juan Escoiquiz


text:
Talk:The Beekeeper (album)

RIAA Gold Certification
The RIAA Web site has recently undergone a major overhaul and while the new site is nicer, the searchable database has some bugs in it. Depending on the day, or the database's mood, it lists The Beekeeper as having achieved Gold status in April of 2005, I believe it was the 25th, to be exact. At other points in time, the database does not list it. I checked it again this morning, and the album was listed again. (I think you see the pattern...???) I just wanted to point out the database's recent inconsistencies so that other Wiki-users don't think I dishonestly added the Gold status. --Pisceandreams 14:52, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

- It's been nearly 10 years and there's nothing to indicate there's still a "bug" in their system, someone is still trying to add that the album is certified gold despite no listing on their website, going so far as to add a source for the claim where the source states nothing about it. Just something to keep an eye on. LoveLaced (talk) 18:38, 26 November 2016 (UTC)

Description
I relabeled 'Description' to 'Tour' and kept information pertaining to the tour there. The other information originally listed under 'Description' has been moved to the top of the article in the main section, since most of it deals with details of the album. The only lines I deleted are "Several later reviews however, especially on fan sites, accused Amos of having descended into a "Kitchen Sink" adult contemporary genre musically and lyrically in a bid for this accessibility. While some arguments between fan sites became quite heated, Tori was no less popular when touring for the album.[citation needed]" mainly because there were no sources for those claims. --Pisceandreams 14:18, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

B-sides
Amos recorded a "host of songs" that did not make the album? really?? I'm removing this until someone can back it up. Garlands was the only b-side anyone knows of... there's no collection! -Laikalynx 04:28, 12 August 2007 (UTC)
 * You're absolutely right, Laikalynx, The Beekeeper did not have a "host of songs" unavailable on the album. The B-Sides section was merely a template copied from articles on her previous albums. --Pisceandreams 22:07, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

Album sales/USA Today
I removed the submission from Hekerui about "current" sales figures for the album because USA Today is not a pertinent source for music sales. That same article cited Scarlet's Walk selling 600-some-thousand copies when Billboard, an authority on music sales, has reported sales at, or now exceeding, 750,000. --Pisceandreams (talk) 16:02, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

Singles
Each singles pages should be done ! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.229.1.45 (talk) 21:25, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on The Beekeeper. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes: When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20140901035529/http://www.billboard.com:80/charts/2005-05-14/billboard-200 to http://www.billboard.com/charts/2005-05-14/billboard-200

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 21:21, 9 January 2016 (UTC)

Requested move 15 January 2024

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. – robertsky (talk) 13:51, 23 January 2024 (UTC)

– Proposing moving this page to The Beekeper (album), and moving the disambiguation page at Beekeeper (disambiguation) to The Beekeeper. The |The_Beekeeper_(2024_film)|The_Beekeeper_(1986_film) pageviews graph shows that The Beekeeper (2024 film) is the primary topic at the moment, receiving many more pageviews than The Beekeeper. However, I’m conscious that this could potentially be a temporary uplift due to the film’s recent release - hence why I haven’t included a proposal to move that page in this RM. (However, such a proposal can always be made at a later date if it becomes clear that its position as the primary topic is not just temporary.) All of the links from Beekeeper (disambiguation) (barring the one to Beekeeper itself and a link in the See Also section) start with the word "The", hence why I propose moving it to the base name. All the best, —a smart kitten[ meow] 18:54, 15 January 2024 (UTC)
 * The Beekeeper → The Beekeeper (album)
 * Beekeeper (disambiguation) → The Beekeeper

The Beekeeper → The Beekeeper (album) – Proposing moving this page to The Beekeper (album), and retargeting the resulting redirect from The Beekeeper to the disambiguation page Beekeeper creating a disambiguation page at The Beekeeper. The |The_Beekeeper_(2024_film)|The_Beekeeper_(1986_film) pageviews graph shows that The Beekeeper (2024 film) is the primary topic at the moment, receiving many more pageviews than The Beekeeper. However, I’m conscious that this could potentially be a temporary uplift due to the film’s recent release - hence why I haven’t included a proposal to move that page in this RM. (However, such a proposal can always be made at a later date if it becomes clear that its position as the primary topic is not just temporary.) All the best, —a smart kitten[ meow] 16:46, 15 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Note: WikiProject Women in Music has been notified of this discussion. Vanderwaalforces (talk) 17:09, 15 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Note: WikiProject United States has been notified of this discussion. Vanderwaalforces (talk) 17:10, 15 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Note: WikiProject Albums has been notified of this discussion. Vanderwaalforces (talk) 17:10, 15 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Support though I'm not sure we need separate DAB pages per WP:DABCOMBINE.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 18:05, 15 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Since all of the links on Beekeeper (disambiguation) (barring Beekeeper itself & one in the See Also section) start with "The", would you support it if I modified this RM to include moving Beekeeper (disambiguation) to The Beekeeper, so as to only have the one DAB page? Best, —a smart kitten[ meow] 18:32, 15 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Maybe it should since as you say all the other uses have "The" we could just put it at the base name with "The".  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 18:34, 15 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Oppose at least for the time being. The 2024 film has only just released in the US, and so of course its article will be experiencing a spike in viewership at the moment. In a year's time, the movie may be completely forgotten and the Tori Amos album could end up being PTOPIC after all. If interest in a dab page for "The Beekeeper" still exists then it should just be integrated into the existing Beekeeper (disambiguation), changing the second sentence to "Beekeeper or The Beekeeper may also refer to". I would be fine with that in place of the current hatnote on the album article even if that article doesn't get moved. QuietHere (talk | contributions) 18:39, 15 January 2024 (UTC)
 * @QuietHere: From a (different) |The_Beekeeper_(2024_film)|The_Beekeeper_(upcoming_film) pageviews graph, the 2024 film has consistently been getting more pageviews than the Tori Amos album ever since the article was created as The Beekeeper (upcoming film) (I can't set it by default in the pageviews link, but enabling the logarithmic scale demonstrates it more clearly in my opinion). I would argue that this is evidence that the album is not the primary topic, and that the increased pageviews of the 2024 film compared to the album is not something that has only happened since the film’s release. All the best, —a smart kitten[ meow] 00:36, 16 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I still don't think that evades RECENT as an issue here. QuietHere (talk | contributions) 00:38, 16 January 2024 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * courtesy pings so you're aware I've modified the RM to make clearer what the proposal is for the DAB page. Best, —a smart kitten[ meow] 18:54, 15 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. No primary topic. -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:13, 16 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Support per nomination; Crouch, Swale and Necrothesp. There are five entries listed upon the Beekeeper (disambiguation) page, with no indication that the 2005 album's renown has remained at such a level as to dwarf the combined notability of the remaining four entries. —Roman Spinner (talk • contribs) 06:51, 17 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Support I don't think the recentism argument carries much weight. Take the 2024 film out of the equation entirely, and when The Beekeeper (film) (later The Beekeeper (1986 film)) was sharing traffic with the album early last year, the album did not appear to be a true primary topic (|The_Beekeeper_(film)|The_Beekeeper_(1986_film) see this traffic report); it just seemed to bee the first article that existed, and when there was only one other, a hatnote sufficed.  With multiple entries, disambiguation seems to be the correct solution.  I'm neutral on the exact location of the dab page, though. -2pou (talk) 22:03, 17 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Support clearly ambiguous now. In ictu oculi (talk) 22:31, 17 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Beekeeper (album)


text:
Category:EyeToy games

Articles in this category are video games for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation 3 that make use of the EyeToy camera peripheral.

title: Category:EyeToy games


text:
Community gardening

A community garden is a piece of land gardened or cultivated by a group of people individually or collectively. Normally in community gardens, the land is divided into individual plots. Each individual gardener is responsible for their own plot and the yielding or the production of which belongs to the individual. In collective gardens the piece of land is not divided. A group of people cultivate it together and the harvest belongs to all participants. Around the world, community gardens exist in various forms, it can be located in the proximity of neighborhoods or on balconies and rooftops. Its size can vary greatly from one to another.

Community gardens have experienced three waves of major development in North America. The earliest wave of community gardens development coincided with the industrial revolution and rapid urbanization process in Europe and North America; they were then called 'Jardin d'ouvrier' (or workers' garden). The second wave of community garden development happened during the WWI and WWII; they were part of "Liberty Gardens" and "Victory Gardens" respectively. The most recent wave of community garden development happened in the 1970s during the OPEC crisis, results of grassroots movement in quest for available land to combat against food insecurity.

More recently, community gardens have seen a global resurgence. This may be related to several issues faced by the global population in the 21st century, such as ecological crisis, climate change and the new sanitary crisis. Community gardens contribute to the urban agriculture movement and the requests from citizens for more community gardens has been surging in recent years.

Background
According to Marin Master Gardeners, "a community garden is any piece of land gardened by a group of people, utilizing either individual or shared plots on private or public land". Community gardens provide fresh products and plants as well as contribute to a sense of community and connection to the environment and an opportunity for satisfying labor and neighborhood improvement. They are publicly functioning in terms of ownership, access, and management, as well as typically owned in trust by local governments or not for profit associations. Community gardens vary widely throughout the world. In North America, community gardens range from "victory garden" areas where people grow small plots of vegetables, to large "greening" projects to preserve natural areas, to large parcels where the gardeners produce much more than they can use themselves. Non-profits in many major cities offer assistance to low-income families, children's groups, and community organizations by helping them develop and grow their own gardens. In the UK and the rest of Europe, the similar "allotment gardens" can have dozens of plots, each measuring hundreds of square meters and rented by the same family for generations. In the developing world, commonly held land for small gardens is a familiar part of the landscape, even in urban areas, where they may function as market gardens.

Community gardens are often used in cities to provide fresh vegetables and fruits in "food deserts", which are urban neighborhoods where grocery stores are rare and residents may rely on processed food from convenience stores, gas stations, and fast-food restaurants.

Some writers have considered re-framing the concept of “food deserts” as “food apartheid,” as the neighborhoods which do not have access to healthy food have been racially oppressed by segregation, redlining, and a lack of access to land. Some Black, Indigenous, and people of color have supported self-sustaining community gardens, with the understanding that their liberation requires access to land and to healthy food.

Community gardens may help alleviate one effect of climate change, which is expected to cause a global decline in agricultural output, making fresh produce increasingly unaffordable. Community gardens are also an increasingly popular method of changing the built environment in order to promote health and wellness in the face of urbanization. The built environment has a wide range of positive and negative effects on the people who work, live, and play in a given area, including a person's chance of developing obesity. Community gardens encourage an urban community's food security, allowing citizens to grow their own food or for others to donate what they have grown. Advocates say locally grown food decreases a community's reliance on fossil fuels for transport of food from large agricultural areas and reduces a society's overall use of fossil fuels to drive in agricultural machinery.

Community gardens improve users’ health through increased fresh vegetable consumption and providing a venue for exercise.

The gardens also combat two forms of alienation that plague modern urban life by bringing urban gardeners closer in touch with the source of their food, and by breaking down isolation by creating a social community. Community gardens provide other social benefits, such as the sharing of food production knowledge with the wider community and safer living spaces.

Ownership
Land for a community garden can be publicly or privately held. In North America, often abandoned vacant lots are cleaned up and used as gardens. Because of their health and recreational benefits, community gardens may be included in public parks, similar to ball fields or playgrounds. Historically, community gardens have also served to provide food during wartime or periods of economic depression. Access to land and security of land tenure remains a major challenge for community gardeners worldwide, since in most cases the gardeners themselves do not own or control the land directly.

Some gardens are grown collectively, with everyone working together; others are split into clearly divided plots, each managed by a different gardener (or group or family). Many community gardens have both "common areas" with shared upkeep and individual/family plots. Though communal areas are successful in some cases, in others there is a tragedy of the commons, which results in uneven workload on participants, and sometimes demoralization, neglect, and abandonment of the communal model. Some relate this to the largely unsuccessful history of collective farming.

Unlike public parks, whether a community garden is open to the general public is dependent upon the lease agreements with the management body of the park and the community garden membership. Open- or closed-gate policies vary from garden to garden. Community gardens are managed and maintained by the gardeners themselves, rather than tended only by a professional staff. A second difference is food production: Unlike parks, where plantings are ornamental (or more recently ecological), community gardens are usually focused on food production.

Types of gardens
There are multiple types of community gardens.
 * Neighborhood gardens are the most common type, where a group of people come together to grow fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants. They are identifiable as a parcel of private or public land where individual plots are rented by gardeners for a monthly or annual fee.
 * Residential Gardens are typically shared among residents in apartment communities, assisted living, and affordable housing units. These gardens are organized and maintained by residents living on the premise.
 * Institutional Gardens are attached to either public or private organizations and offer numerous beneficial services for residents. Benefits include mental or physical rehabilitation and therapy, as well as teaching a set of skills for job-related placement.
 * Demonstration Gardens are used for educational and recreational purposes in mind. They often offer short seminars or presentations about gardening and provide the necessary tools to operate a community garden.

Plot size
In Britain, the 1922 Allotment act specifies "an allotment not exceeding 40 [square] poles in extent"; since a rod, pole or perch is 5.5 yards in length, 40 square rods is 1210 square yards or 10890 square feet (equivalent to a large plot of 90 ft x 121 ft). In practice, plot sizes vary; Lewisham offers plots with an "average size" of "125 meters square".

In America there is no standardized plot size. For example, plots of 3 m × 6 m (10 ft × 20 ft = 200 square feet) and 3 m x 4.5 m (10 ft x 15 ft) are listed in Alaska. Montgomery Parks in Maryland lists plots of 200, 300, 400 and 625 square feet. In Canada, plots of 20 ft x 20 ft and 10 ft x 10 ft, as well as smaller "raised beds", are listed in Vancouver.

Location
Community gardens may be found in neighborhoods and on the grounds of schools, hospitals, and residential housing. The location of a community garden is a critical factor in how often the community garden is used and who visits it. Exposure to a community garden is much more likely for an individual if they are able to walk or drive to the location, as opposed to public transportation. The length of travel time is also a factor. Those who live within a 15-minute or less travel distance is more likely to visit a community garden as compared to those with a longer travel time. Such statistics should be taken into consideration when choosing a location for a community garden for a target population.

The site location should also be considered for its soil conditions as well as sun conditions. An area with a fair amount of morning sunlight and shade in the afternoon is most ideal. While specifics vary from plant to plant, most do well with 6 to 8 full hours of sunlight.

When considering a location, areas near industrial zones may require soil testing for contaminants. If soil is safe, the composition should be loose and well-draining. However, if the soil at the location cannot be used, synthetic soil may also be used in raised gardens beds or containers.

Plant choice and physical layout
Food production is central to most community and allotment gardens. However, restoration of natural areas and native plant gardens are also popular, as are "art" gardens. Many gardens have several different planting elements, and combine plots with such projects as small orchards, herbs and butterfly gardens. Individual plots can be used as "virtual" backyards, each highly diverse, creating a "quilt" of flowers, vegetables and folk art.

Gardeners often grow in-ground--this type of garden contrasts most with an urban environment. Gardeners may also grow in raised beds, or in boxes, sometimes on top of a paved area. Gardens may include raised for use by people who cannot bend or work directly on the ground.

Regardless of plant choice, planning out the garden layout beforehand will help avoid problems down the line. According to the Arizona Master Gardener Manual, taking measurements of the garden size, sunlight locations and planted crops vs. yield quantity, will ensure a detailed record that helps when making decisions for the coming years. Other considerations when laying out a plot are efficient use of space by using trellises for climbing crops, plant location so that taller plants (like sunflowers) do not block needed sunlight to shorter plants and grouping plants that have similar life cycles close together.

Group and leadership selection
Community gardeners in North America may be of any cultural background, young or old, new gardeners or seasoned growers, rich or poor. Because of this diversity, when gardeners share their harvest, they often learn about cultural foods created from the plants grown by other gardeners.

Some community gardens “self-support” through membership dues, and others require a sponsor for tools, seeds, or money donations. Support may come from churches, schools, private businesses or parks and recreation departments. Local nonprofit beautification and community-building organizations may contribute as well.

There are many different organizational models in use for community gardens. Most elect their leaders from within their membership. Others are run by individuals appointed by their management or sponsor. Some are managed by non-profit organizations, such as a community gardening association, a community association, a church, or other land-owner, others by a city's recreation or parks department, a school or a university.

Gardens are often started when neighbors come together to commit to the organization, construction and management of a garden, and are assisted by experienced organizers such as the Green Guerillas of New York City. Alternatively, a garden may be organized "top down" by a municipal agency. In Santa Clara, California a non-profit by the name of Appleseeds offers free assistance in starting up new community gardens around the world. Rules and an 'operations manual' are invaluable tools; ideas for both are available at the American Community Gardening Association and in the United States, from local master gardeners and cooperative extensions.

Membership fees
In most cases, gardeners are expected to pay monthly or annual dues to pay for water, infrastructure, garden-provided tools, water hoses, ordinary maintenance, etc.

Health effects of community gardens
Community gardens have been shown to have positive health effects on those who participate in the programs, particularly in the areas of decreasing body mass index and lower rates of obesity. Studies have found that community gardens in schools have been found to improve average body mass index in children. A 2013 study found that 17% of obese or overweight children improved their body mass index over seven weeks. Specifically, 13% of the obese children achieved a lower body mass index in the overweight range, while 23% of overweight children achieved a normal body mass index. Many studies have been performed largely in low-income, Hispanic/Latino communities in the United States. In these programs, gardening lessons were accompanied by nutrition and cooking classes and optional parent engagement. Successful programs highlighted the necessity of culturally tailored programming.

There is some evidence to suggest that community gardens have a similar effect in adults. A study found that community gardeners in Utah had a lower body mass index than their non-gardening siblings and unrelated neighbors. Administrative records were used to compare body mass indexes of community gardeners to that of unrelated neighbors, siblings, and spouses. Gardeners were less likely to be overweight or obese than their neighbors, and gardeners had lower body mass indexes than their siblings. However, there was no difference in body mass index between gardeners and their spouses which may suggest that community gardening creates healthy habits for the entire household.

Participation in a community garden has been shown to increase both availability and consumption of fruits and vegetables in households. A study showed an average increase in availability of 2.55 fruits and 4.3 vegetables with participation in a community garden. It also showed that children in participating households consumed an average of two additional servings per week of fruits and 4.9 additional servings per week of vegetables.

Policy implications
There is strong support among American adults for local and state policies and policy changes that support community gardens. A study found that 47.2% of American adults supported such policies. However, community gardens compete with the interests of developers. Community gardens are largely impacted and governed by policies at the city level. In particular, zoning laws--which incentivize or deincentivize land development--strongly impact the possibility of community gardens. Rezoning is necessary in many cities for a parcel of land to be designated a community garden, but rezoning doesn't guarantee that a garden will not be developed in the future.

Policies can be enacted to protect community gardens from future development. For example, New York State reached a settlement in 2002 which protected hundreds of community gardens which had been established by the Parks and Recreation Department GreenThumb Program from future development.

At times, zoning policy lags behind the development of community gardens. In these cases, community gardens may exist illegally. Such was the case in Detroit when hundreds of community gardens were created in abandoned spaces around the city. The city of Detroit created agricultural zones in 2013 in the middle of urban areas to legitimize the over 355 “illegal” community gardens.

Australia
The first Australian community garden was established in 1977 in Nunawading, Victoria followed soon after by Ringwood Community Garden in March 1980.

Czech Republic
The trend of community gardening in the Czech Republic is increasing. The first community garden was founded in 2002 and in 2020 you can find at the map of community garden named mapko.cz more than 116. If you are interested in more details, have a look at organisation Kokoza.cz, social enterprise promoting community gardening in CR.

Japan
In Japan, rooftops on some train stations have been transformed into community gardens. Plots are rented to local residents for $980 per year. These community gardens have become active open spaces now.

Mali
Often externally supported, community gardens become increasingly important in developing countries, such as West African (Mali) to bridge the gap between supply and requirements for micro-nutrients and at the same time strengthen an inclusive development.

Spain
Most older Spaniards grew up in the countryside and moved to the city to find work. Strong family ties often keep them from retiring to the countryside, and so urban community gardens are in great demand. Potlucks and paellas are common, as well as regular meetings to manage the affairs of the garden.

Taiwan
There is an extensive network of community gardens and collective urban farms in Taipei City often occupying areas of the city that are waiting for development. Flood-prone river banks and other areas unsuitable for urban construction often become legal or illegal community gardens. The network of the community gardens of Taipei are referred to as Taipei organic acupuncture of the industrial city.

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, community gardening is generally distinct from allotment gardening, though the distinction is sometimes blurred. Allotments are generally plots of land let to individuals for their cultivation by local authorities or other public bodies—the upkeep of the land is usually the responsibility of the individual plot owners. Allotments tend (but not invariably) to be situated around the outskirts of built-up areas. Use of allotment areas as open space or play areas is generally discouraged. However, there are an increasing number of community-managed allotments, which may include allotment plots and a community garden area. Many of the community gardens are members of Social Farms & Gardens (a registered charity).

The community garden movement is of more recent provenance than allotment gardening, with many such gardens in built-up areas on patches of derelict land, waste ground or land owned by the local authority or a private landlord that is not being used for any purpose. They can also be on more rural land, often in partnership with a farmer or estate owner. A community garden in the United Kingdom is typically run by people from the local community as an independent, non-profit association or organization (though this may be wholly or partly funded by public money). For example, Norwich's Fifth Quarter Community Garden.

It is also likely to perform a dual function as an open space or play area (in which role it may also be known as a 'city park') and—while it may offer plots to individual cultivators—the organization that administers the garden will normally have a great deal of the responsibility for its planting, landscaping and upkeep. An example inner-city garden of this sort is Islington's Culpeper Community Garden, which is a registered charity, or Camden's Phoenix Garden.

title: Community gardening


text: Talk:Tales of a Librarian

title: Talk:Tales of a Librarian