text:
Bogdan Maglich

Bogdan Cvete Maglić (anglicized Maglich, August 5, 1928 – November 25, 2017) was a Serbian-American experimental nuclear physicist and the leading advocate of a purported non-radioactive aneutronic fusion energy source. Maglich built four models of Migma, devices producing fusion of deuterium atoms in colliding ion beams.

Education and academic work
Maglich received his Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Belgrade in 1951, his Master of Science from the University of Liverpool in 1955, and his Ph.D. in high-energy physics and nuclear engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1959.

Upon receiving his Ph.D., Maglich joined Dr. Luis Walter Alvarez's research group at Lawrence Berkeley Lab. During this time, he, along with Fred Kirsten, invented the "sonic spark chamber", the first film-less spark chamber particle detector system.

Maglich participated in the discovery of the omega meson, as described in Alvarez's Nobel lecture: "Although Bogdan Maglich originated the plan for this search, and pushed through the measurements by himself, he graciously insisted that the paper announcing the discovery should be co-authored by three of us who has developed the chamber, the beam, and the analysis program that made it possible."

Between 1963 and 1967, he worked at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland. While conducting research at CERN, he invented the "missing mass spectrometer". With this instrument, his team of French and Swiss physicists reported the discovery of seven mesons.

In 1967, Maglich joined the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania, as well as being visiting faculty at Princeton University. In 1969, he became professor and principal investigator for high energy physics at Rutgers University. In 1974, he left academia to pursue his research in the private sector.

Early work
Maglich first rose to prominence in his field working on a team at the University of California's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory analyzing liquid hydrogen bubble chamber data from Berkeley's bevatron accelerator. The team, which also included Luis W. Alvarez, Arthur H. Rosenfeld, and Lynn Stevenson, discovered the first solid experimental evidence for the existence of the ω meson resonance. (In 1968, Luis Alvarez was awarded a Nobel Prize for this and related work.)

Maglich's contribution to this discovery led to him receiving a White House citation from President John F. Kennedy and being named an honorary citizen in Switzerland by the president of the Swiss Confederation.

Toward the end of the 1960s, R. Macek and Maglich proposed "the principle of self colliding orbits" and the perceptron, a self-colliding particle beam accelerator originally proposed for studying pion-pion collisions. Shortly thereafter, in the early 1970s, the perceptron design formed the basis for Maglich's "migmatron" concept of a self-colliding ion beam fusion reactor.

Business ventures
In his attempts to raise funding for his magma research, Maglich has been associated with a string of business ventures. In 1974, he formed MIGMA Institute of High Energy Fusion, Fusion Energy Corp.

From 1985 to 1987, he was CEO and principal investigator of Aneutronic Energy Labs of United Sciences, Inc. at Princeton, a research firm also known as AELabs. It was during this time that Maglich worked under a research grant from the United States Air Force to attempt to develop his migmatron concept into a compact power source for spacecraft with Bechtel Corp. From 1988 to 1993, he was CEO of Advanced Physics Corporation, chaired by Glenn T. Seaborg.

In 1995, Maglich founded HiEnergy Microdevices, which later became HiEnergy Technologies, Inc., a developer and manufacturer of neutron-based bomb detection equipment based on his invention of "atometery".

He continued to occupy various positions with that company until being terminated for cause. Sixteen months after Maglich's departure, HiEnergy Technologies declared bankruptcy in 2007 but was restructured with the formation of Clear Path Technologies, Inc. Under new management, Clear Path Technologies was able to commercialize "atometry" into various award-winning threat materials and explosives detection devices sold to state, federal and foreign government counter-terrorism agencies.

After leaving HiEnergy Technologies, Maglich became the chief technology officer of California Science & Engineering Corporation (CALSEC).

Personal life
The son of a lawyer and elected member of the Yugoslav Royal Parliament, Maglich (at age 13) and his mother were imprisoned in a Croatian Ustaše (Nazi-affiliated) concentration camp for Serbs, but managed to escape.

Maglich has five children: Angelica (born 1989) and Aleksandra Maglich (born 1991), from a prior marriage to UCLA media artist Victoria Vesna; also Marko (born 1960), Ivanka (born 1961) and Roberta (born 1972).

title: Bogdan Maglich


text:
Talk:John Mogensen

Untitled
I think John Mogensen is a very important part of Danish history, not a major part, but a notable part. At least that's what I get from being Danish. - Svippy
 * If John Mogensen is not notable, Denmark is not :) Totally agree with you there Svippy. Amazing how little stuff can be found about someone like this on the net, guess he died before the Internet era... :( TH 03:36, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:John Mogensen


text:
Fennis Dembo

Fennis Marx Dembo (born January 24, 1966) is an American former basketball player. He played college basketball for Wyoming, where he won several accolades and had his number 34 jersey retired. He started his professional career with the Detroit Pistons and with them won the NBA championship in 1989.

As a member of the United States national team, he won silver at the 1987 Pan American Games in Indianapolis.

College career
Dembo was barely recruited out of high school in San Antonio, Texas, but caught a break when he was sought out by Wyoming's then head coach Jim Brandenburg, who had previously been a high school coach in that city (and would later retire to San Antonio). Dembo's campus visit was the first time he had seen snow; he went on a snowmobile trip as part of the visit, and would remember in a 2009 interview that he had a gut feeling that Wyoming was for him.

At Wyoming, Dembo had a successful career, finishing as the leading scorer and rebounder in Cowboys history. He accumulated 2,311 points and 954 rebounds. He was part of the Cowboys team that qualified for the finals at the 1986 National Invitation Tournament. The following year, the Cowboys qualified for the Sweet Sixteen of the 1987 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. At the 1987 NCAA Tournament, Dembo was the leading scorer, averaging 27.8 points per game. Dembo appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated dressed as a cowboy. He was the first basketball player from the University of Wyoming to be featured on the SI cover. He was inducted into the University of Wyoming Athletics Hall of Fame on October 29, 1993. His number was retired and hosted up in Wyoming's Arena Auditorium during half time on December 7, 2019.

Professional career
Dembo was selected by the Detroit Pistons in the second round (30th overall) of the 1988 NBA draft. He played for the Pistons during the 1988–89 season, averaging 1.2 points and 0.7 rebounds in 31 games.

Following his stint in the NBA, Dembo played for several years in Europe, South America and the CBA, retiring in 1998.

Later life
He then bounced between several jobs, including a stint as a prison guard in Alabama. After separating from his second wife, he moved in with his mother in San Antonio, and found employment as a maintenance person for the San Antonio Water District.

Early on Easter morning in 2003, a man broke into Dembo's house while he and his mother were sleeping. Dembo grabbed a gun and faced the intruder, warning him to stop and leave. When the intruder failed to stop, Dembo shot and killed him. No charges were filed against Dembo, but he was shaken by the incident, fearful for a time to talk to others or to leave his room. He ultimately was able to move on from the shooting with counseling and time. His job with the Water District sparked an interest in engineering, and he began taking courses in the subject when his schedule allowed. In the autumn of 2009, he enrolled full-time at St. Philip's College, a community college in San Antonio. In the fall of 2009, he was enrolled at the University of Texas at San Antonio.

Name
Dembo's unusual first name came from a suggestion by an older sister, Zona. He and his twin sister Fenise were the 11th and 12th children in their family. Zona preferred that they be the last children in the family, and suggested they be named after finis, French for "finish".

Awards and honors

 * First Team All-Western Athletic Conference (1986, 1987, 1988)
 * Western Athletic Conference Player of the Year (1987)
 * NCAA basketball tournament record (Best Free Throw Percentage in One Game – 100%)
 * Inducted into the University of Wyoming Athletics Hall of Fame in 1993

title: Fennis Dembo


text:
Talk:Drain-waste-vent system

Rewriting
The original article seemed a little difficult to read. I tore it apart and rewrote it to be a little shorter and clearer.

It also seemed to be a sales pitch for air admittance valves, which I'd never heard of before. I suspect most people are more familiar with the stack-on-the-roof sewer vent, so I wrote the article more around those, and left the AAV link if people want more information.

Finally, a picture of a residential building with a sewer vent would be very useful, as would a diagram of a vent, two traps, and sewer line. --Mdwyer 19:48, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Agreed. If I had artistic skill, I'd do the drawing. There's a Home Depot book with some wonderful graphics, I'll see if they'd be willing to let it be used (for credit: "Wikipedia's use of this image has been graciously donated by Home Depot" or similar). (Bob Nardelli owes me a favor, so what the hell.) --Yiddophile 03:12, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

Someone has rewritten my rewrite. I think it is good enough to remove the banner from the top, so I am going to do just that. I'm also going to integrate the HepvO product into the article a little more so it doesn't look so tacked-on.--Mdwyer 19:44, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Merging and Cleanup
I have removed the suggestion of a merge to Domestic water system, because this topic is more generally applicable than to just that system. I have merged in the content of Air-admittance valve. I have also begun the process of wikifying this article. -- kaosfere 18:25, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

Air admittance valve?
The "Venting to atmosphere" section is great! Of course, diagrams and picutres would make it even better... But the "Air admittance valve" section does not make sense -- if it only allows gases in, not out, how does it prevent back-pressure when a toilet flushes?69.87.193.156 13:05, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

 * It doesn't. This, and its requirement for maintenance, are a couple of the reasons they're not liked by some (ahem... a lot of) building codes. In general, though, positive pressure isn't as big a deal as negative pressure - positive pressure means small amounts of sewer gas entry (bubbles in the toilet bowl) or just that the water in the P-traps rises momentarily. Negative pressure siphons out P-traps, resulting in a wide open source of yummy sewer gases. So yeah, you flush the toilet and the pipe goes through positive pressure as you displace your goodies (AAV not doing anything to help you) and negative pressure as that column of water falls down the pipe (AAV opens and prevents siphoning of P-traps). Since they do 50% of the job *and* require maintenance (replacement every 5 years or so), they rank alongside MJ clamps as the last refuges of the damned. Yiddophile 03:08, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

 * AAV devices aren't meant to replace a vent system that terminates at the roof. AAV's are used when proper venting is either impossible or impractical. For example, in most of the houses I've roughed in, the kitchen sink is either centered on a window or out in the middle of the room under a bar. For a kitchen sink with a window, the window is framed with several 2x4 studs and codes limit the number of studs you can drill through (for me its two). With a bar rough in, you can't carry your vent pipe up either. You can't lay over the pipe horizontally either since you must be over the flood rim of the fixture before you can do that. I also put in two AAVs for a bar that is centered in the middle of a restuarant to vent the floor sinks there. Jmricker 22:05, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

Cleanup of plumbing articles
FYI -- I'm cleaning up/organizing the plumbing articles. 129.237.114.171 18:43, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

Flashing?
The article uses "flashing" in the sense of a one-way valve, which is usually an integral part of the "building clean-out". No definition of flashing in this sense exists in the Wikipedia. I would like to change the word flashing to "one-way valve", and include a link to the article for "clean-out", if one exists. --chollapete, May, 2006. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Chollapete (talk • contribs) 21:35, 9 May 2007 (UTC).

Remove Municipal water and waste water treatment section
There are other articles on these topics which are more complete. I think this section should just be removed. I don't even see a need for this article to link to articles like Water supply network or Waste treatment Tibbetts2c (talk) 01:55, 8 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I agree, and have removed the section from the article. I have moved the deleted text here, in the event that somebody wants to salvage/recycle it to a more useful location. Reify-tech (talk) 04:36, 15 June 2011 (UTC)

Municipal water and waste water treatment
One of the primary responsibilities of local governments is to provide potable water and treatment of sewage. The potable water side is called the WTP or Water Treatment Plant; and the waste/sewage removal system is called the WWTP Waste Water Treatment Plant; A municipal system's WTP treats water and brings it to homes in compliance with federal, state, and local regulations governing water quality. The WWTP provides for the removal and treatment of waste water; the Waste water treatment facility or natural waste site (usually a body of water or river) is typically as far away from inhabited areas as practical. Where a building is unable to connect to a municipal sewage system, the Waste/Sewage treatment is accomplished by means of a septic system and periodic hauling-off of the solids produced.

Bias in Article
This article appears to have a strong bias towards the commercial products of a single company. It also appears to be almost exclusively written from an American viewpoint. To my European eyes it uses strange terminology and old-fashioned designs. Indeed, the title of this page is a term I have never even heard of before, whilst the to me extremely well-known term 'Air Admittance Valve' apparently doesn't even have a page of its own and redirects here.

I see that this talk page mentions the HepVO products but mention seems to have been removed from the page itself. I would have thought the the whole concept of waterless traps deserved at least a mention. Their existence contradicts statements on the main page. I wonder if this is a commercial editor removing mention of a competitor?

A most important distinction that should be made is between a Soil Stack (SS - a pipe that takes away waste) and a Soil Ventilation Pipe (SVP - a pipe that vents the sewer). Historically, these were usually combined, which meant that the stack had to pass through the roof with attendant thermal management problems. Separating them means that SS can use AAV and run entirely within the building, whilst the SVP is open and is entirely outside the building. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.111.85.79 (talk) 13:40, 16 July 2013 (UTC)

Cleanup sweep / More work needed
I have done a major rewrite sweep and reorganization of the article, which I hope makes it less confusing. Currently, the article focuses on the vent system, and almost completely ignores the drain system. Coverage of this aspect needs to be improved, discussing things such as the need for smooth flow ("bellmouthed" joints) and the correct range of piping slopes for proper transport of entrained material.

Also, the article needs more globalization, and still has almost no references. Most of the unreferenced claims should be easily backed by relevant sections of one or more plumbing codes. Help from knowledgeable editors is needed. Reify-tech (talk) 15:15, 10 July 2015 (UTC)

"Venting"
The usage and primary topic of is under discussion, see talk:Venting (disambiguation) -- 67.70.32.190 (talk) 05:09, 21 August 2015 (UTC)

Definitions
Would be good to have descriptions or links for drain, waste, vent, soil. Saulinpa (talk) 21:50, 18 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Attempted something :) Rogerdpack (talk) 08:01, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

Confusing parsing of topic term
The article is titled "drain-waste-vent system". Is it a set of three components (the drain, the waste, the vent), or is it a vent for the "drain-waste" (elsewhere in the article, it is written as "drain-waste vent"), or something else? With the current hyphenated format, it suggests each term modifies the next, whereas if it is three separate related parts it should be endashed, or...whatever the meaning is would be formatted appropriately for it. See MOS:DASH for guidance. DMacks (talk) 14:32, 26 June 2017 (UTC)

Cheater vents 2 types check or AA
We need an explanation of both these. We have an explanation for air admittance valve but a distinction is made between them by this source:

It further refers to http://www.buellinspections.com/your-plumbing-system-should-not-pass-gas-indoors to explain these. 64.231.169.63 (talk) 17:51, 20 November 2017 (UTC)

double trapping "prohibited"
From the current contents of the article, "double trapping is prohibited by plumbing codes due to its susceptibility to clogging" - that doesn't make sense. If it were just the risk of clogging, it may be undesirable, not recommended - but why *prohibit* it entirely?

The actual reason I found after checking on this topic is that double trapping creates an (mostly inelastic) air buffer between the traps, which when one trap is emptied, will pull the other empty as well, thus negating the (roof) vent and trap purpose of keeping the stink in the plumbing.

If someone can confirm - that would be a reason for prohibiting, rather than recommending against, and the article should be corrected.

--87.234.239.90 (talk) 10:11, 11 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Drain-waste-vent system


text:
User:Paul.Paquette

{| border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%" style="background-color:transparent;"
 * valign=top|

{| style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left; background:none;" cellpadding="0"
 * valign=top|

{| style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left; background:none;" cellpadding="0"
 * valign=top|

{{Userpage}}

title: User:Paul.Paquette


text:
Wayne Embry

Wayne Richard Embry (born March 26, 1937) is an American former professional basketball player and basketball executive. Embry's 11-year playing career as a center spanned from 1958 to 1969 playing for the Cincinnati Royals, Boston Celtics and Milwaukee Bucks, all of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After his playing career, Embry transitioned to a career as a professional basketball executive, becoming the first African-American general manager and team president in NBA history.

Since 2004, Embry has served as a senior basketball advisor for the Toronto Raptors.

Early life
Embry attended Tecumseh High School near New Carlisle, Ohio, where he was a three-year letter winner and earned Honorable Mention All-State honors.

College career
Embry went to Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, where he became a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.

As a two-time all-Mid-American Conference center, Embry, a team captain, led the then-Redskins to conference championships and NCAA Tournament appearances in 1957 and 1958. He led the MAC in scoring and rebounding in two seasons and still holds several school records, including best career rebounding average (15.5). He ranks among Miami leaders in the all-time scoring list with 1,401 points and rebounding list with 1,117. He holds both Miami and MAC records for most rebounds in a game (34) and season (488). During his career, he was one of only 10 players in MAC history to total more than 1,000 career points and rebounds.

He was selected to the Helms Athletic Foundation All-America third team as a senior, and he was a two-time honorable mention All-America selection in 1957 and 1958.

He was inducted in the second class of the Miami Athletics Hall of Fame in 1970. He became the fourth player in Miami history to have his jersey (23) retired.

Embry earned a Bachelor of Science in education from Miami.

NBA playing career
Embry was originally drafted by the St. Louis Hawks in 1958. He was then traded closer to home weeks later to the Cincinnati Royals. The Royals were rebuilding due to the collapse of the team following the head-injury-related hospitalization of team star Maurice Stokes. Star center Clyde Lovellette was traded to St. Louis for Embry and four others.

Oscar Robertson arrived to the team in 1960, reviving the Royals. Embry, Robertson and Jack Twyman were all NBA All-Stars for Cincinnati over the next three years. Embry's play was notable for his pick and roll play with Robertson, whose encouragement improved Embry's game. A powerful 6'8" and 240 pounds, Embry at times appeared to be a blocker on the court, a protector of teammates.

In 1963, he was named team captain of the Royals. During the 1963 NBA Playoffs, Embry averaged postseason career highs of 16.8 points and 13.5 rebounds per game. The next season, 1963–64 Cincinnati Royals surged to the second-best record in the NBA, with teammate Jerry Lucas now added. That season, on December 1, Embry totaled a career high 39 points scored in a 114-109 loss to the Los Angeles Lakers. However, the team was never able to surpass the Boston Celtics of Red Auerbach and Bill Russell, or the Philadelphia 76ers with Wilt Chamberlain in their quest for an NBA title.

Nearly retiring to be a regional sales leader for Pepsi-Cola, Embry was talked out of retirement by friend Bill Russell, the new player/coach for Boston. Embry played crucial reserve minutes for Russell and aided that team's surprising 1967–68 NBA title run.

That offseason, when the Milwaukee Bucks were formed, they claimed Embry from the Celtics in the expansion draft, and Embry started at center for the Bucks for the 1968–69 season. In the first game in Bucks franchise history, Embry scored 15 points and grabbed 20 rebounds. Embry retired at the end of the season.

Regular season

 * align="left" | 1958–59
 * align="left" | Cincinnati
 * 66 || - || 24.1 || .387 || - || .656 || 9.0 || 1.5 || - || - || 11.4
 * align="left" | 1959–60
 * align="left" | Cincinnati
 * 73 || - || 21.8 || .439 || - || .514 || 9.5 || 1.1 || - || - || 10.6
 * align="left" | 1960–61
 * align="left" | Cincinnati
 * style="background:#cfecec;"| 79* || - || 28.3 || .451 || - || .668 || 10.9 || 1.6 || - || - || 14.4
 * align="left" | 1961–62
 * align="left" | Cincinnati
 * 75 || - || 35.0 || .466 || - || .690 || 13.0 || 2.4 || - || - || 19.8
 * align="left" | 1962–63
 * align="left" | Cincinnati
 * 76 || - || 33.0 || .458 || - || .667 || 12.3 || 2.3 || - || - || 18.6
 * align="left" | 1963–64
 * align="left" | Cincinnati
 * 80 || - || 36.4 || .458 || - || .650 || 11.6 || 1.4 || - || - || 17.3
 * align="left" | 1964–65
 * align="left" | Cincinnati
 * 74 || - || 30.3 || .456 || - || .644 || 10.0 || 1.2 || - || - || 12.7
 * align="left" | 1965–66
 * align="left" | Cincinnati
 * style="background:#cfecec;"| 80* || - || 23.5 || .411 || - || .603 || 6.6 || 1.0 || - || - || 7.6
 * align="left" | 1966–67
 * align="left" | Boston
 * 72 || - || 10.1 || .409 || - || .569 || 4.1 || 0.6 || - || - || 5.2
 * style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;" | 1967–68†
 * align="left" | Boston
 * 78 || - || 13.9 || .400 || - || .589 || 4.1 || 0.7 || - || - || 6.3
 * align="left" | 1968–69
 * align="left" | Milwaukee
 * 78 || - || 30.2 || .427 || - || .664 || 8.6 || 1.9 || - || - || 13.1
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
 * 831 || - || 26.2 || .440 || - || .640 || 9.1 || 1.4 || - || - || 12.5
 * }
 * style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;" | 1967–68†
 * align="left" | Boston
 * 78 || - || 13.9 || .400 || - || .589 || 4.1 || 0.7 || - || - || 6.3
 * align="left" | 1968–69
 * align="left" | Milwaukee
 * 78 || - || 30.2 || .427 || - || .664 || 8.6 || 1.9 || - || - || 13.1
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
 * 831 || - || 26.2 || .440 || - || .640 || 9.1 || 1.4 || - || - || 12.5
 * }
 * }

Playoffs

 * align="left" | 1961–62
 * align="left" | Cincinnati
 * 4 || - || 32.0 || .467 || - || .778 || 11.3 || 2.0 || - || - || 14.0
 * align="left" | 1962–63
 * align="left" | Cincinnati
 * 12 || - || 32.8 || .450 || - || .662 || 13.5 || 1.3 || - || - || 16.8
 * align="left" | 1963–64
 * align="left" | Cincinnati
 * 10 || - || 36.3 || .381 || - || .622 || 12.4 || 2.1 || - || - || 13.4
 * align="left" | 1964–65
 * align="left" | Cincinnati
 * 4 || - || 30.8 || .438 || - || .818 || 6.3 || 2.0 || - || - || 12.8
 * align="left" | 1965–66
 * align="left" | Cincinnati
 * 5 || - || 27.8 || .421 || - || .583 || 6.8 || 0.4 || - || - || 7.8
 * align="left" | 1966–67
 * align="left" | Boston
 * 5 || - || 7.6 || .387 || - || .500 || 2.6 || 0.6 || - || - || 5.2
 * style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;" | 1967–68†
 * align="left" | Boston
 * 16 || - || 10.1 || .390 || - || .448 || 2.8 || 0.4 || - || - || 3.7
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
 * 56 || - || 24.1 || .418 || - || .645 || 8.0 || 1.1 || - || - || 10.1
 * }
 * style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;" | 1967–68†
 * align="left" | Boston
 * 16 || - || 10.1 || .390 || - || .448 || 2.8 || 0.4 || - || - || 3.7
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
 * 56 || - || 24.1 || .418 || - || .645 || 8.0 || 1.1 || - || - || 10.1
 * }

NBA front-office career
Embry later became an assistant manager for the Bucks, keeping an eye for former Royals teammates he could lure to the rising contender. He was instrumental in numerous signings to aid the team, including Robertson. His remarkable teaming with then-named Lew Alcindor quickly produced an NBA title, with Embry by then rising into Milwaukee's front office.

After retiring as a player he became the first African-American NBA general manager, managing the Milwaukee Bucks (1972–1979), Cleveland Cavaliers (1986–1999), and Toronto Raptors (2006). He was selected NBA Executive of the Year in 1992 and 1998.

In 2004, Embry was hired to be the senior basketball advisor to Rob Babcock, the rookie general manager for the Toronto Raptors. After one season, Embry was elevated from senior advisor to president, bypassing Babcock in the chain of command when the board cited a lack of confidence in Babcock's moves. On January 26, 2006, Embry was named the interim general manager for the Raptors after the firing of Babcock, a position he held for two months until Bryan Colangelo was hired as the general manager. Embry has continued to serve as senior basketball advisor for the Raptors. Since then, the Raptors went on to become NBA champions in 2019.

Personal life and legacy
Embry and his wife Terri have two daughters and one son. He also has a granddaughter. He is distantly related to Marty Embry, another professional basketball player.

He has been a founder and CEO of his own businesses, and member of numerous nonprofit and corporate boards of directors, including Kohl's, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Centerior Energy and Ohio Casualty Insurance.

He is the author of an autobiography The Inside Game: Race, Power and Politics in the NBA (University of Akron Press, 2004), with Mary Schmitt Boyer of the Cleveland Plain Dealer.

Embry has been a trustee of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame since 1974 and has served on various senior-level committees for the NBA and USA Basketball. In recognition of his career both on the court and in the front office, he was inducted into the Naismith Hall of Fame as a contributor to the sport in 1999. He also served as a member of Miami's Board of Trustees for 14 years, including one year as chair.

Embry was inducted into the Ohio Basketball Hall of Fame in 2006 as a member of the charter class. He was the 2013 recipient of the Ohio Heritage Award, recognizing an Ohio Basketball Hall of Fame inductee for his or her contributions to the state of Ohio off the court.

A portion of US Route 40 in front of Tecumseh High School near Springfield, Ohio was named in Wayne Embry's honor.

On May 18, 2021, Miami University unveiled a statue which stands at the south entrance of Millett Hall, the university's basketball arena. It captures Embry’s likeness and signature hook shot. Private donations funded the creation of the statue and a Wayne Embry Scholarship, which will support Miami varsity men’s basketball student-athletes. The university also presented Embry and his late wife, Theresa “Terri” Embry (Miami ’60), with the Freedom Summer of ’64 Award, which is bestowed each year upon a distinguished leader who has inspired the nation to advance civil rights and social justice.

title: Wayne Embry


text:
Sami Kapanen

Sami Hannu Antero Kapanen (born 14 June 1973) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey coach and former player. He played 12 NHL seasons for the Hartford Whalers, Carolina Hurricanes and Philadelphia Flyers. He is the majority owner of KalPa in the Finnish league. Kapanen's son, Kasperi Kapanen, is a member of the St. Louis Blues.

Playing career
Kapanen was drafted 87th overall in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft by the Hartford Whalers. His first NHL season was in 1995–96, when he played 35 games with Hartford. The Whalers relocated to become the Carolina Hurricanes following the 1996–97 season and Kapanen averaged 24 goals and 35 assists in his next five seasons with Carolina. His best season was in 2001–02 when he scored 27 goals and 42 assists for 69 points. He was selected twice for the NHL All Star Game (2000, 2002), winning the Individual event for "the Fastest skater" on both occasions.

On 7 February 2003, Kapanen was traded to the Philadelphia Flyers along with Ryan Bast for Pavel Brendl and Bruno St. Jacques. In his first two seasons with Philadelphia, Kapanen played 31 playoff games, scoring 17 points.

Kapanen has played three times for Finland at the Winter Olympics. In 18 Olympic games he scored 2 goals and 3 assists for 5 points. In the NHL, Kapanen has played 831 regular season games, scoring 189 goals and 269 assists for 458 points. He has also played in 87 playoff games, scoring 13 goals and 22 assists for 35 points. Kapanen also won a gold medal at the 1995 Ice Hockey World Championships.

Since 2003, Kapanen has also been the majority owner of the Finnish hockey team KalPa Kuopio, the same club that gave him his start as a professional. One of the minority owners is Kimmo Timonen who in 2007 became Kapanen's teammate on the Flyers. Following the 2007–08 season, Kapanen announced that he was retiring from the NHL and he would be returning to Finland to play for KalPa. He retired as a player after the 2009–10 season.

On 7 April 2011, Kapanen announced that he would be doing a comeback as a player in KalPa, playing on a two-year contract. He, however, stepped down as the club's chief executive officer (CEO) and instead handed that role over to his brother Kimmo Kapanen.

Coaching career
Kapanen started his coaching career in the Finnish Liiga with KalPa (2017-2019). On April 2, 2019, Kapanen was named head coach of HC Lugano in the National League for the 2019/20 and 2020/21 season, but was dismissed on December 18 2019.

Awards

 * Bronze Medal at the Winter Olympics in 1994.
 * Named to the SM-liiga First All-Star Team in 1994.
 * Gold Medal at the World Championships 1995.
 * Bronze Medal at the Winter Olympics in 1998.
 * Played in the NHL All-Star Game in 2000.
 * Named Best Forward at World Championships 2001.
 * Played in the NHL All-Star Game in 2002.
 * Awarded the Yanick Dupre Memorial in 2004.
 * Awarded the Gene Hart Memorial Award in 2007.

Records

 * Tied a record for scoring two consecutive overtime goals in two consecutive games. (Subsequently broken by Andrew Cogliano)
 * Two-time NHL All Star game individual event Fastest Skater winner (2000, 2002) completing a lap around an NHL rink in 13.649 resp. 14.039 seconds.
 * Fastest Man on ice awarded when he completed a lap around an NHL rink in 12.7 seconds.

title: Sami Kapanen


text:
Lahaina, Kaanapali and Pacific Railroad

The Lahaina, Kaanapali and Pacific Railroad  (LKPRR) was a steam-powered, narrow gauge heritage railroad in Lāhainā, Hawaii. The LKPRR operated the Sugar Cane Train, a 6 mi, 40-minute trip in open-air coaches pulled by vintage steam locomotives. The tracks connected Lahaina with Puukolii, stopping briefly at Kaanapali. A narrator pointed outs sites of interest during the trip, which crosses a 325 ft curved wooden trestle whose elevation yields panoramic views of neighboring islands and the West Maui Mountains. The line is currently not operating and all equipment is stored north of Lahaina.

History
The line follows a 6 mi stretch of historic right-of-way originally constructed to haul sugarcane from the sugarcane plantation fields in Kāʻanapali to the Pioneer Mill in Lahaina. At one time, the island had over 200 mi of rails connecting the sugarcane plantations to the mills. Trucks, however, largely replaced the railroads by the middle 20th century. In 1969, A.W. "Mac" McKelvey and the Makai Corporation created the railroad in order to illustrate this part of Hawaii's past.

On July 24, 2014, the company announced that it would be closing on August 1, 2014 due to financial difficulties. The company was put up for sale as a going concern.

Within months of closing, the Sugar Cane Train was bought by a local Maui resident, Craig Hill, owner of Maui Concierge Services. Hill felt that the Sugar Cane Train needed to be kept running in order to preserve one of Lahaina's best-known attractions. The Sugar Cane Train is currently running seasonal "Holiday Express" trains, which run on a short stretch of track in Kaanapali. These trains take place from late November up to December 25. The full line was in the process of being revived.

The company planned to rebuild all three locomotives from the ground up, as well as possibly add grade crossings to prevent accidents. Plans for the Sugar Cane Train also includes hosting weddings as well as running an evening train. The old tracks were being removed and were being replaced with newer ties and rails. Although the official website stated that operations would resume in 2018, the only trips that operated were the Holiday Express trains. In a 2018 interview, the co-owner of the railroad, Lahaina businessman Todd Domeck stated that the railroad aimed to return to full operations in May 2019, however the railroad did not open. In July 2021, the entire railroad (including track, but excluding right-of-way land) was listed for sale for $400,000 by the Ozark Mountain Railcar brokerage firm. The sale listing indicates that the buyer will be obligated to dismantle and remove the railroad track materials and rolling stock from the site, as no land is included in the sale.

On August 8, 2023, the Lahaina station, turntable, and the eastern half of the railroad were destroyed in the Lahaina fire. Much of the railroad’s equipment and the sheds were not affected due to being north of the fire’s path. As of now, the railroad sits abandoned with an unclear future.

Motive power

 * No. 1 Anaka: a narrow gauge  steam locomotive produced by H.K. Porter, Inc. of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in February 1943 for the Carbon Limestone Company.  The engine has undergone extensive exterior modification since it was built by Porter.  It was built as a 0-4-0 saddle tank locomotive.  In this form, it had a large tank surrounding the boiler, which held water for the locomotive.  The LKPRR removed the saddle tanks, added a tender to hold water and fuel, added a larger smokestack, a wooden cab and larger headlight that resembles oil lamps once found on steam locomotives.  These changes transformed the engine from a comparatively austere industrial locomotive, into a more lively and colorful engine representative of many small mainline engines once found on railroads throughout the United States in the late 19th century.
 * No. 3 Myrtle: produced as a brother engine to No. 1, the No. 3 is also a narrow gauge  steam locomotive produced by H.K. Porter, Inc. of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in February 1943 for the Carbon Limestone Company.  The LKPRR similarly altered the appearance of this engine, but gave it a slightly more modern appearance, representative of a typical oil-burning engine from the early 20th century.  As such, it has a steel cab, whaleback tender, small headlight modeled on an electric prototype, and darker color scheme.  The No. 3's design, name and number were inspired by a historic sugarcane engine built in 1900 for the Hawaii Railroad and retired in 1945.
 * No. 5: a narrow gauge outside frame  locomotive.  This engine is not in operating condition, but it is the only steam engine owned by the LKPRR with historical ties to Hawaii.  It once ran on the Oahu Railway and Land Company until it was donated in 1954 to the Travel Town Museum in Los Angeles.  Through an equipment trade with Travel Town, the LKPRR brought No. 5 back to Hawaii, where it remains today awaiting restoration. The engine sustained heavy damage during the 2023 wildfire.
 * No. 45 Oahu: a narrow gauge MDT Plymouth diesel locomotive from the Oahu Railway & Land Company.

Points of interest

 * The Hahakea 325 ft wooden trestle
 * An operating wooden turntable, used for turning locomotives in Lahaina
 * Views of neighboring islands Lanai and Molokai
 * Views of the Hale Mahina, also known as the West Maui Mountains
 * Blowdown by train yard and trestle

title: Lahaina, Kaanapali and Pacific Railroad


text:
Tremaine Fowlkes

Tremaine J. Fowlkes (born April 11, 1976) is an American former professional basketball player at the small forward position. Fowlkes was drafted out of Fresno State by the Denver Nuggets with the 54th pick of the 1998 NBA draft, though he did not make an NBA on-court appearance until the 2001–02 season. He has played for the Los Angeles Clippers (two seasons), Detroit Pistons (one season, winning the 2003–04 championship) and Indiana Pacers (one season) of the NBA, averaging 3 points and 2.2 rebounds in 103 career games. He also appeared for the New Orleans Hornets during the 2004 preseason.

Fowlkes was one of three players (the others being Britton Johnsen and Marcus Haislip) signed to prorated one-year contracts in the immediate aftermath of the Pacers–Pistons brawl on November 19, 2004, which devastated the Pacers' already banged-up lineup with the suspensions of their three best players, Ron Artest, Jermaine O'Neal and Stephen Jackson.

title: Tremaine Fowlkes


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Equine/Horse training

The Horse training task force of WikiProject Equine is about methods of training horses, and all the related aspects of the relationship between people and horses.

Members
Sign with 3 or 4 tildes. Suggest members in italics.
 * Uncle Ed 19:50, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * P0M 23:27, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Lil Peck 23:42, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Montanabw 19:58, 6 October 2006 (UTC)
 * White Arabian mare ( Neigh ) 23:19, 30 October 2015 (UTC)White Arabian mare
 * User:Cursethegold 17:25, 7 April 2022

Pre-modern

 * On Horsemanship (Xenophon)
 * Kikkuli

Modern

 * Renaissance_advocates_of_harsh_training
 * Federico Grisone, fl. 1569
 * Pignatelli
 * La Broue, fl. 1612
 * William_Cavendish%2C_Duke_of_NewcastleThe Art of Horsemanship, 1657
 * Renaissance_advocates_of_gentle_training
 * Antoine de Pluvinell or Wikipedia link in Dutch: Antoine_de_Pluvinel; LInstruction du Roi, 1666. (To translate from Dutch to English, paste the following complete url: http://216.239.39.104/translate_c?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_de_Pluvinel&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAntoine%2Bde%2BPluvinel%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG
 * Luis de Bañuelos, fl. 1605
 * Enlightenment_advocates_of_gentle_training
 * M. de la Guérinière, École de Cavalerie, 1733 François Robichon De la Guérinière on-line

19th Century

 * Spanish Riding School
 * Max von Weyrother, fl. 1810 and afterwards

 * J. Russell Manning, Manning's Horse Book, 1882.
 * Willis J. Powell's_horse_training_method (Tachyhippodamia; on The New Secret of Taming Horses, written with John Solomon Rarey) | See the e-text here
 * Daniel Sullivan, trainer from Mallow in County Cork, Ireland mentioned in the above book. Died in 1810.
 * John_Solomon_Rarey
 * Jesse Beery

Hunter/Jumper/Dressage "English" disciplines
Spanish Riding School
 * Gottlieb Polak
 * Alois Podhajsky
 * Georg Wahl

 * Margaret Cabell Self
 * Vladimir S. Littauer
 * George H. Morris
 * Nuno Oliveira
 * Gordon Wright
 * Paul Belasik
 * Klaus Ferdinand Hemfling

Western and "Natural Horsemanship"
Assess WP:Notability (and not just a good web site) and create articles.
 * Clinton Anderson (horse trainer)
 * Bob Anthony
 * Bob Avila
 * Buck Brannaman
 * Doug Carpenter
 * J. Frank Dobie
 * Bill Dorrance
 * Tom Dorrance
 * Al Dunning
 * Monte Foreman
 * Shannon Hall
 * Ray Hunt
 * Jessica Jahiel
 * Dr._William_'Billy'_Linfoot
 * Bob Loomis
 * John Lyons
 * Josh Lyons
 * Lynn Palm
 * Pat Parelli
 * Mark Rashid
 * Monty Roberts
 * Richard Shrake
 * Sheila Varian (Vaquero tradition)
 * Stacy Westfall
 * Jimmy Williams]
 * Charles O. Williamson

Theorists
(as opposed to horse trainers)
 * Stephen Budiansky

Horse Whisperer notes
The Horse Whisperer (1998 movie)

www.montyroberts.com

The Horse Whisperer (Evans book)

www.horsewhisperer.com

Smithsonian Magazine article http://www.smithsonianmag.si.edu/smithsonian/issues98/may98/horse_whisperer.html
 * Buck Brannaman was the basis for the character Tom Booker, the central figure in Nicholas Evans' best-selling novel The Horse Whisperer.
 * Nevertheless, the method used in the breakthrough treatment of the traumatized horse is straight out of John Rarey's work. Will study of Brannaman's writings reveal an acknowledged debt?
 * Brannaman's work with horses, as it turns out, also served to rescue him from a troubled past. Brannaman himself was an abused child: the compassion and empathy he has brought to training horses has helped him deal with a history of conflict and violence

http://www.rarey.com/sites/jsrarey/ John Solomon Rarey (1827 - 1866): The Original Horse Whisperer
 * Word of his gift spread and in 1858 he was summoned to Windsor Castle in England to calm a horse of Queen Victoria

I see a pattern here:
 * 1) Childhood abuse: Roberts says he was abused, Smithsonian says Brannaman was abused-
 * None of the others were abused.
 * 1) Queen of England: Rarey impressed the Queen around 1870; so did Roberts 100 years later
 * 2) world travel and fame: Powell, Rarey & Roberts
 * 3) horse whisperer: Sullivan was identified as a "horse whisperer" because he stood close to the horses he was working with. Powell mentions the term. Rarey has been called the "Original Hores Whisperer," which obviously is not true; Evans novel is about a fictional horse whisperer; video about Roberts: Real Horse Whisperer

Another pattern I'm seeing from cruising the horse trainer websites is that each one puffs themselves up, emphasizing their own contributions and discoveries while giving only the barest mention to others. They tend to give the impression that only they know anything or have any skill. Like a marketing brochure: come to us, we can do it all, and our competitors are all fools or villains. Perhaps horse training is a competitive business. Uncle Ed 04:16, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
 * One of the characteristics that I find interesting in Roberts is that he is a showman. I don't mean that in a negative way. If you are going to operate in certain arenas (even in academia) you need to be able to promote yourself. I suspect that if he had no truly wild horse on hand to use for a demonstration then he would do the demonstration anyway, just to show people how he negotiates with horses.

 * If you've been abused you are likely to have a sharper appreciation of the abuse done to others. One of the things that Monty Roberts mentions is that he was upset when he learned that some people were fainting as a result of watching him in the round pen. He thought it must have been a strongly negative feeling that was aroused by seeing his demonstrations, but when he spoke to these people they reported that they had been abused as children and had been profoundly moved in a positive way by seeing how they might have been treated if only someone had known the right way to deal with them.

 * I wouldn't be surprised if Roberts deliberately emulated Rarey's visit to the Queen. And, on the other hand, being royalty is an easy path to learning to like horses (you've got plenty of them in your own back yard), and somebody who has oversight responsibilities over the royal horses probably has a natural tendency to have a look at whatever seems new and potentially interesting. Also, royal horses are probably worth a lot of money, and the royal family probably can afford to cast the net wide for someone to help with a troubled horse and not shy away from trans-Atlantic passage for someone who will at least be an amusing colonial bumpkin if not the real salvation of the horse. (Cynical, I know...)

 * Sullivan was the first one to be called a horse whisperer. He was an inspiration to Powell, and Powell was an older (?) colleague of Rarey. Then there was the novel based on Rarey and using his trademark technique, and people were probably looking around to find "real live horse whisperers." If you are a showman, and especially one who has been influenced by Rarey (consciously, unconsciously, I'm not sure yet), it's a natural. Somebody started calling Roberts a horse whisperer at some point in his career. Actually, probably before the movie, but who knows. I wonder what happened to Brannaman's career. Was he still alive after the book and movie? If so, the novel and movie must have been a boost for him too.

 * Sullivan had his main career in England, and maybe the royal family got its initial interest in this kind of thing from him. Then Powell was all over the place, too. Not England, however. Rarey followed, taking this tradition of training back to England. If you were picturing yourself as the 20th century inheritor of this tradition then where would you like to be invited?

 * I think many of these men may have been showmen, and by that I mean people who have a real talent for working with horses, but also people who are adept at promoting themselves. Powell had quite a career, moving from place to place, training horses but also demonstrating his abilities. It isn't so clear to me that Rarey was a great showman. My impression is that he was more modest and expressed himself (outside of retraining traumatized horses) by writing. Roberts is what I would call a showman. He certainly is not shy about promoting himself. The thing is that if you are able to train horses that other people cannot handle then you may have a local following or a word-of-mouth following, but getting horses to you or you to the horses is a pretty expensive undertaking and one's sphere of operation may be fairly close to home unless one does a lot of promotion. Any maybe if you are not good at promoting yourself you farm and train horses and occasionally handle abused animals and that's it. But you wouldn't have a website. And if you have a website it probably has (unless you are John Solomon Rarey) the object of making yourself some more money.  So you would be unlikely to mention other people unless you are presenting yourself as the disciple of a master trainer.

P0M 06:00, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * A lot of this make sense (and I'll move it to talk later). I'm thinking of making some tables to arrange all this insight. Uncle Ed 12:37, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Greatly in need of cleaning up
(removed, has been merged with horse behavior and redirect added

Other

 * horse trainers
 * Horse breaking - 1,800-word article
 * Rarey technique a method of calming horses that have become vicious and fearful of humans due to abusive handling or other traumatic events.
 * The Horse Whisperer

Literature and movies
These promote love of horses:
 * Black Beauty, 1877 novel led to a vast outpouring of concern for animal welfare.
 * National Velvet, 1935 novel (film version starred a young Liz Taylor)
 * My Friend Flicka, 1940s trilogy of novels (each turned into film) that critiques harsh training methods.
 * The Black Stallion, a long series of Walter Farley novels (film version of 1979 has small Mickey Rooney part)
 * King of the Wind by Marguerite Henry concerns a mute slave boy's devotion to an Arab stallion as they encounter various vicissitudes of fortune together. Her other titles also promote the love of horses.
 * Phar Lap, based on the life of the Australian racing star
 * Seabiscuit, based on the Laura Hillenbrand bio of Seabiscuit
 * Miracle of the White Stallions, 1960's film based on the rescue of the Piber Stud
 * Florian, 1950s (?) dramatization of the rescue of the Lipizzaner stallions from danger when the Nazis took over in Austria. It contained some very good footage of dressage exercises. It is now out of print and not available in tape or DVD reproductions.
 * My Dancing White Horses a post WW2 movie about the Lippizan's at the end of WWII and how General Patton arranged for a huge number of horses to be saved- otherwise the German's would have surrendered the horses to the Russians, who were planning to slaughter them for food." Also seems to be unavailable for purchase.
 * Jill's Gymkhana and the rest of the 'Jill' series by Ruby Ferguson; a very popular British pony series for young adults that stresses gentle, responsible care and training.

Horse Training article as "home"?
I recently did a MAJOR rewrite of the horse training article with the intent to create a general catchall summary piece covering the basic princibles of training horses used by all disciplines; western, english, whatever. (i.e., for example, all horses eventually need to be halter-broke, this article says it has to happen, gives some guidelines as to when, but doesn't go into great detail on methology or technique). My intent is to not let that particular article get too long or advocate any one school, but rather to be a very (VERY) general beginner article with lots of wiki links to articles that go into more detail.

From there people can add "see also" wiki links for the different schools of thought and we can also look at any needs to organize the horse training category a bit better. Montanabw 20:04, 6 October 2006 (UTC)


text:
David Greenwood

David Murphy-Kasim Greenwood (born May 27, 1957) is an American retired professional basketball player whose National Basketball Association (NBA) career spanned 12 years from 1979 to 1991. Greenwood made his NBA debut on October 13, 1979 and was named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team during the 1979–80 season. A forward/center, he played for the Chicago Bulls, San Antonio Spurs, Denver Nuggets and Detroit Pistons.

Greenwood was the second overall pick of the 1979 NBA draft. The Chicago Bulls lost the coin toss to the Los Angeles Lakers, who drafted future Hall of Famer Earvin "Magic" Johnson with their number one pick, acquired in a trade with the New Orleans Jazz.

Before the Michael Jordan era in Chicago, Greenwood was one of the franchise's marquee players along with Reggie Theus and Orlando Woolridge. On October 24, 1985, Greenwood was traded by the Bulls to the San Antonio Spurs in exchange for future Hall of Famer George Gervin.

On January 26, 1989, Greenwood and Spurs teammate, Darwin Cook were traded to the Denver Nuggets for Calvin Natt and Jay Vincent. On October 6, 1989, Greenwood signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Detroit Pistons, whom he would assist in a victorious effort in the 1990 NBA Finals as a reserve. He would later sign as an unrestricted free agent with the San Antonio Spurs on August 17, 1990, until his release on May 21, 1991.

Greenwood attended the University of California at Los Angeles. He was inducted into the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame as a member of the Class of 2021

title: David Greenwood


text:
Talk:National Council of Young Israel

Source
My source for this info is the history page on the website of the org. (My own summary and re-write.) I created the page because Young Israel was referenced on the Richard H. Schwartz page I was upgrading. I know little else about this group -- if you do, please expand this stub. Rooster613 19:51, 2 October 2005 (UTC)Rooster613
 * I added the stub marker after reading the article and your comment. I hope to edit further, though no guarantee. Reuvenk 05:34, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Orthodox Judaism
Welcome WikiProject Orthodox Judaism. Please join if you are interested. Thank you. IZAK 09:03, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on National Council of Young Israel. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131104052022/http://www.youngisrael.org/content/history.cfm to http://www.youngisrael.org/content/history.cfm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:11, 13 January 2018 (UTC)

Conservative Judaism Does Not Come From Orthodox Judaism
Under Section "Seminar" there is prose that reads "...this was the time period when conservative Judaism movement was just starting to break away from orthodoxy..."

This is false. Conservatism is a metastasis from Reform; ergo the name: proponents wanted to "conserve" more than Reform was doing. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 47.20.84.59 (talk • contribs)

Constitution
The ShulCloud "Ratified October 6, 1997/Amended May 21, 2013" constitution is not what was in effect before, e.g. in the days of conventions at the late upstate Homowack and, even further back, the Pineview Hotel.

Two basic points are Sabbath-observing officers (there's "All Officers of the Women's League shall be Sabbath Observers" and "All elected officers of the Intercollegiate Council shall be Sabbath observers") and that each branch itself must have a constitution. The 1997 constitution did not break new ground in these areas.

Meeting participation of delegates by phone is new. Pi314m (talk) 04:16, 6 August 2020 (UTC)

Yiddish?
I propose to replace all instances of "shul" in the article with "synagogue" which already appears multiple times in the article. I see no reason why a Yiddish term should be used in an article in an English-language encyclopedia when there is a perfectly adequate English word meaning the same thing, setting aside, of course, that words in different languages may have different overtones (as, for example, the same pitch on a clarinet and a violin). Larry Koenigsberg (talk) 02:54, 23 May 2021 (UTC)

 * I retract this proposal. Because Yiddish is in such common use in the subject population, I felt it was better just to indicate that shul is Yiddish for synagogue.  I note that many of the article's references use the "shul." Larry Koenigsberg (talk) 02:54, 23 May 2021 (UTC)

Hanging adjective
Latest change by @Nuts240 cuts out most of a sentence, leaving only "The current" to end the paragraph. Revert, or strike "The current", or ??? -- Larry Koenigsberg (talk) 05:54, 9 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Fixed: the current rabbi, cited. Larry Koenigsberg (talk) 05:26, 15 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:National Council of Young Israel


text:
South African Standard Time

South African Standard Time (SAST) is the time zone used by all of South Africa as well as Eswatini and Lesotho. The zone is two hours ahead of UTC (UTC+02:00) and is the same as Central Africa Time. Daylight saving time is not observed in either time zone. Solar noon in this time zone occurs at 30° E in SAST, effectively making Pietermaritzburg at the correct solar noon point, with Johannesburg and Pretoria slightly west at 28° E and Durban slightly east at 31° E. Thus, most of South Africa's population experience true solar noon at approximately 12:00 daily.

The western Northern Cape and Western Cape differ, however. Everywhere on land west of 22°30′ E effectively experiences year-round daylight saving time because of its location in true UTC+01:00 but still being in South African Standard Time. Sunrise and sunset are thus relatively late in Cape Town, compared to the rest of the country.

To illustrate, daylight hours for South Africa's western and easternmost major cities:

The South African National Time Standard, or 'SA Time' Master Clock, is maintained at the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA) at Pretoria and is distributed publicly by an NTP Internet Time service.

History
Before 8 February 1892, there was no uniformity of time in South Africa and local mean time was in use at the various towns. In 1892, a railway conference was held in Bloemfontein and discussed difficulty of working a railway system, in the absence of a uniform time system. The governments of the Orange Free State, Transvaal and the Cape Colony officially adopted a uniform standard time of UTC+01:30 which was defined as mean time 22.5° east of Greenwich. On 1 March 1903 GMT+02:00 was adopted, which became the current UTC+02:00 when UTC replaced GMT for most purposes.

Prior to 1 March 1903, the Colony of Natal was already using a uniform time supplied by the Natal Observatory. The observatory's local mean time was (UTC+01:52).

South Africa observed a daylight saving time of GMT+03:00 (UTC+03:00) between 20 September 1942 to 21 March 1943 and 19 September 1943 to 19 March 1944.

South African Standard Time is defined as "Coordinated Universal Time plus two hours" (UTC+02:00) as defined in South African National Government Gazette No. 40125 of 8 July 2016.

title: South African Standard Time


text:
Talk:Resistance during World War II

Intro and oddity
The intro is exactly the same as the resistance section in the WWII article (well, not any more - I added one line there but not here). Which will look rather cheap to someone who links from there to here. I almost deleted the intro, but then realised this is the original and I don't want to step on DNA webmaster's toes :).

By the way, I noticed an odd thing. yesterday I did an edit here (alphabetised the list) and now I see that edit is not in mentioned in the history listing. But the edits did 'stick' (so to say). Strange .... DirkvdM 19:52, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I know, I know, I know... .) I started the article because it was requested in the peer review of the WW2 main page, and I hoped people would literally rush their legs off adding onto it. But you are the only one who has done ANYTHING...I myself would have written more if I felt I had deeper knowledge. Hopefully folks will continue the article, since I agree with the peer review that it really should exist. Don't worry about my toes, they are rather small...but thanks for not deleting it (for the common sake). My regards, Dennis Nilsson. Dna-Dennis 03:16, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

Communist resistance
I am shocked. There is no article on the Communist resistance yet? I don't know enough about it to write the article, but I do know enough to know that this is an outrage. Considering the size Wikipedia has reached by now, with artiocles on the most minute irrelevant trivia that's unforgivable. To ignore what I believe was the biggest resistance organisation during the biggest war. I've seen some anti-communist bias in Wikipedia, but this is like ignoring its existance. Might the reaon be that any article on that would have to lie too much not to reflect too positively on Communism? :)

Well, I've got that out of my system now. Now I can go to bed. No, better watch some Cheers episodes first to get me back into a good mood. :) DirkvdM 20:11, 24 November 2005 (UTC)

I hate when people just bitch about stuff not being here. And anyway the Soviet partisans page is older than this post. Should there be a more general communist resistance page? I notice there isn't a capitalist resistance page. I prolly should have just deleted this section. -Fredgoat (talk) 20:07, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

But this idea of "capitalist resistance" to fascism would be absurd. Communists are intrinsically opposed to fascism as they fight for kind of society exactly opposite to fascism. Fascism is endorsing capitalist mode of production, and naturally it has been employed by capitalists to fight communism amd suppress workers' rights. Losmilosmi (talk) 13:49, 28 October 2016 (UTC)

Professional Resistance
Could someone explain what professional resistance is?

Thanks for your contribution, DirkvdM!
Thank you very much for your contribution, DirkvdM! I took the liberty of fixing/reformulating some minor things. And the Dutch focus you mentioned was absolutely minimal; god damn it - we have to start from somewhere! Thanks again! My regards, Dennis Nilsson. Dna-Dennis 03:46, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

Verlaine's Poem
The article about the Battle of Normandy is contradicting the information in this article. It says:

''One famous pair of these messages is often mistakenly stated to be a general call to arms by the Resistance. A few days before D-Day, the first line of Verlaine's poem, "Chanson d'Automne", was transmitted. "Les sanglots longs des violons de l'automne" [4] (Long sobs of autumn violins) alerted resistants in the Orléans region to attack rail targets within the next few days. The second line, "Bercent mon coeur d'une langueur monotone" (wound my heart with a monotonous langour), transmitted late on June 5, meant that the attack was to be mounted immediately.''

''The German intelligence service (the Abwehr) had discovered the meaning of this particular pair of messages. They rightly interpreted them to mean that invasion was imminent or underway. On hearing the second part, they alerted their superiors, and all Army commanders in France. Unfortunately for them, they had issued a similar warning a month before, when the Allies had begun invasion preparations and alerted the Resistance, but then stood down because of a forecast of bad weather. The Abwehr having given this false alarm, their genuine alarm was ignored or treated as merely routine.''

Which is right?

There is a website Ici Londres that has recordings of the messages, which discusses which version of the poem were used in the broadcasting.Nikolaj Winther 07:13, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Are Nazi and communist ideologies very similar?
Maybe some of their methods of political power management are similar. Could you document their ideological similarity?

 * Both are ideologies promoting totalitarian socialism and government controlled economy. Successful economical, military and know-how training (soviets provided training for Nazis in concentration camp building and other sinister things). Pre-1941 cooperation between communist USSR and Nazi germany just confirms this. Quote from Hitler: "There is more that binds us to Bolshevism than separates us from it. There is, above all, genuine, revolutionary feeling, which is alive everywhere in Russia except where there are Jewish Marxists. I have always made allowance for this circumstance, and given orders that former Communists are to be admitted to the party at once. The petit bourgeois Social-Democrat and the trade-union boss will never make a National Socialist, but the Communists always will." Sigitas 15:15, 6 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Naziism was Corporatist Capitalst NOT Socialist!!!85.216.89.205 (talk) 13:09, 11 August 2009 (UTC)

Another one who confuses between Marxism and Stalinism hehehe. Neeeext! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.98.18.95 (talk) 20:48, 24 August 2011 (UTC)

Austrian resistance movement
According to the Moscow declaration http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Declaration and because most of the Austrian resistance groups wanted a free Austrian state (see O5), the Austrian resistance movement is not part of the German resistance movement – otherwise you would have to define the Czech resistance movement also as a German resistance movement, which is absurd. 18.07.2007, mv

first armed resistance unit
This article seems to be saying that resistance began in Yugoslavia - "This first WW2 armed resistance unit in occupied Europe was formed on June 22, 1941 [...]"

But according to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II armed resistance in Poland began amost immediately.

e.g. Leśni - began partisan operations in 1939 Narodowa Organizacja Wojskowa - created 1939 Bataliony Chłopskie - created in 1940

and this list probably isn't complete. so how is the Yugoslav resistance the first??

217.75.131.195 (talk) 08:37, 6 December 2007 (UTC)zbychu

 * Polish resistance begun as early as in September 1939 (see for example Służba Zwycięstwu Polski) and was certainly the first (in Europe; leaving China and arguments "WWII begun before 1939" aside). It was also the largest in the world (see Armia Krajowa for details.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 01:51, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Here's the thing: while the Poles were certainly the first to resist the Germans, they didn't form actual military units (such as brigades). The Polish resistance operated in the early years of the war as a collection of individuals, not as a military organization. This is why the 1st Partisan Brigade should be mentioned in that context. --  DIREKTOR  ( TALK ) 14:15, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
 * While the AK started their operation to recreate pre-war Polish Army in 1943, as a military organization it traces its origins to Związek Walki Zbrojnej and mentioned SZP, both from 1939. Scores of resistance groups were created in 1939/1940, before being merged into ZWZ; some of them might have used military names. Groups of leśni operated all the times. Consider also the case of Henryk Dobrzański and his unit.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 17:12, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes I'm aware of WW2 history, far from downplaying the heroism of the Polish resistance, the organization didn't form real military units until 1943. Like you said, they were groups of people with a certain hierarchy of command, but this is far from an actual military formation. It takes more than a name to create a unit. The Partisans' organization can be compared to that of the AK two years early. With full-scale detachments, brigades, divisions, hospitals, supply trains, and even artillery brigades within several months of the start of the occupation. I realize this part of the war is somewhat obscure, but you can find info on all of this here, should you want to look it up. -- DIREKTOR  ( TALK ) 21:18, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Perhaps the best thing to do would be to find a reliable citation for specific things they were the first at. Certainly what you describe above sounds impressive. PS. Another early Polish partisan unit: Jędrusie. I need to translate more from pl:Kategoria:Polskie oddziały partyzanckie.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 04:36, 6 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Sure, I'll do my best. -- DIREKTOR  ( TALK ) 08:25, 6 April 2008 (UTC)
 * For the record, I have created Category:Units and formations of Polish resistance during World War II. We could use a parent cat along the lines of Category:Resistance units and formations during World War II - currently we have nothing smaller than Category:Irregular units and formations for most countries and periods.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 04:20, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

famous resistance operations in 1944
Where is the mention about Slovak national uprising in 1944? Are 78 000 fighting men not enough? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Zemetras1944 (talk • contribs) 10:34, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

If you want it, do it yourself. But there's something now, I added it so you don't have to, you can conserve your energy to bitch about something else. It's mostly pasted from another article. -Fredgoat (talk) 19:58, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with File:AK trains.jpg
The image File:AK trains.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --05:41, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

Anti-resistance
As far as I can tell we have no article about anti-resistance units, operations, and so on! See also my comment at Talk:Counter-insurgency. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 18:48, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I've created an article on Anti-partisan operations in World War II. Please help expand! --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 23:05, 14 April 2009 (UTC)

"notable resistance movements"
I thought the Communist Chinese were the largest, and they are not even in the list. Isn't fighting in China after 1939 usually considered to be part of WWII? I have always read that the Japanese had great difficulty controlling the parts of China that they nominally held and that the Communist resistance was so successful that it gave them a big head start in the revolution. David R. Ingham (talk) 17:28, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

Danish resistance
The comment on the role of Duckwitz' role in the rescue of Danish Jews sounds unbalanced:

"However, the action was largely due to the personal intervention of German diplomat Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz, who both leaked news of the intended round up of the Jews to both the Danish opposition and Jewish groups and negotiated with the Swedes to ensure Danish Jews would be accepted in Sweden."

This is not to detract from Duckwitz' contribution (which was essential, and for which he was duly honoured in many ways). However, it is incorrect to say that "the action was largely due" to Duckwitz. After the warning had been given, the action itself was entirely organised by the Danish resistance and the Jewish community, and was carried out with the help of many private individuals, who sheltered and/or transported Jews across Oeresund.

As it happens, in wartime Europe, this is an almost unique example of collaboration between local government, local resistance _and_ occupation force Germans to save the local Jewish community. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Henrikrasmussen (talk • contribs) 01:40, 14 August 2011 (UTC)

Chetniks ??
Why are Chetniks listed as a resistance group ? No single battle fought against the Nazis or Fascist after the dissolution of few month lasting joint Partisan and Chetnik movement. On the other hand they collaborated with nazi/fascist forces on numerous occasions against the Partisan resistance. Not to mention their ethnic cleansing agenda.

Notable individuals: Draža Mihailović. Funny. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.137.106.146 (talk) 17:21, 12 September 2012 (UTC)

I agree that Chetniks cannot be listed as resistance, they were colaborating with Nazi Germany, Italian Fascists and NDH Ustase. Losmilosmi (talk) 20:56, 26 September 2016 (UTC)

It is a tragicomic situation in which the "chetniks" are included in the resistance, there are tons of material proof that testify to their collaboration with ALL the occupiers and collaborators. They were one collaborationist organization among all others. I suggest that their organization should be cancelled from this article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Raskiy (talk • contribs) 21:06, 9 July 2019 (UTC)

Footnote about largest resistance movements
I'm a little worried about the credibility of the sources cited about the Chetnik numbers in the footnote about resistance movements. The citations in favor of the claim that the Polish resistance was the largest include books published by Columbia University Press, Yale UP, and Cornell UP, and involve well-known historians such as Norman Davies. The figures for the Chetniks come from two books, both by Velimir Vukšić, published by Osprey Press, which as its Wikipedia entry indicates is mostly a publisher of picture books. The other source is the lecture notes for some history class. There is rather a large credibility gulf here. I'm inclined to simply disregard the sources that disagree with the more credible ones and clear up this whole issue in favor of Davies et al, but someone seems to have put some work into documenting things, so I won't. The claim that the numbers of resistance members varied dramatically over time certainly seems plausible. Perhaps someone might dig up better sourcing for the Chetnik numbers?

I also share the worry expressed above about regarding the Chetniks as a resistance movement in quite the same sense as the others, given the fact that they weren't specifically a WWII resistance movement (as their earlier date of establishment indicates), the distinct agenda they therefore had (they weren't founded to resist WWII occupation), and the claims (for which someone might provide a citation?) that they collaborated with the Nazis. MJM74 (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 00:01, 22 September 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Resistance during World War II. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080620063106/http://wilk.wpk.p.lodz.pl:80/~whatfor/akc_arsenal.htm to http://wilk.wpk.p.lodz.pl/~whatfor/akc_arsenal.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 16:50, 12 January 2016 (UTC)

Yugoslav Partisans
How is it possible that YU partisans are listed all the way down after both Italian and French resistance movements, despite the first sentence on the "yugoslavian partisans" article itself says tat they were "Europe's most effective anti-Axis resistance movement during World War II"? Losmilosmi (talk) 21:14, 26 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Resistance during World War II. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110522044837/http://en.auschwitz.org.pl/m/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=578&Itemid=8 to http://en.auschwitz.org.pl/m/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=578&Itemid=8

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:12, 30 November 2016 (UTC)

Split
I was just wondering whether it might be more helpful to the average user if this pages was split into two separate articles: Resistance in Axis-occupied Europe and Resistance in Japanese-occupied Asia? As it stands, the primary meaning of "resistance" seems to have got confused. The point of this article is (presumably) supposed to be Resistance (with a capital) rather than resistance, and that has a specific meaning in the context of WWII: it seems pretty dubious that Italian guerillas in East Africa would be labelled as "the resistance", for example.—Brigade Piron (talk) 11:39, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * A good idea, but I think we need more content first. Overall, I can see this article as a parent article to the two subarticles that should be written. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 03:49, 4 September 2018 (UTC)

Size
I've added a new section on size. I couldn't find any numbers for Chinese, and the French numbers are not chronological, but Polish, Soviet and Yugoslav are very comparable, and could be made into a nice graph, combining the table from Yugoslav_Partisans and File:AK-Soviet_partisans_numbers.JPG. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 03:49, 4 September 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 22:40, 26 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Soviet guerilla.jpg

Discuss Splitting Article into resistance in Europe and resistance in Southeast Asia
I should start by saying that I know nothing about resistance in Southeast Asia, but I have read quite a bit about resistance in Europe. Nevertheless, I agree with the idea of splitting this article into two geographic based articles. Once the article is split, the Europe article needs to mention the different conditions on different sides of the Elbe. It also needs to discuss the difference between the Resistance (politically organized, say by SOE) and the resistance (grass roots) - as another Wikipedian already mentioned - and expand on the differences between armed resistance and all the other forms of resistance. It should also mention recent research on transnational resistance, which argues against the traditional conceptualization of resistance into national efforts (thank you Charles de Gaulle). In some ways, this article is a sign post to all the other articles on different resistance movements. That is an appropriate job for it. But it is also a good place (maybe the only place) to discuss WWII resistance as a whole. Readers could learn a lot from that even before going to more specific pages. The information would be a lot clearer and more comprehensible if the article is split into Europe and Southeast Asia as suggested. DP1944 (talk) 16:19, 25 February 2021 (UTC)
 * 1) - the article is indeed unwieldy for the common reader who might not know anything about the subject and
 * 2) - it makes sense.  The conditions of Nazi occupation were different from the conditions of Japanese occupation in many ways.  Finding a hiding place on an island covered in rainforest is a different problem than finding one in a European city, for example.  Also, the Japanese and the Nazis did not conduct their occupations exactly the same, which means that the resistance that was reacting to those occupations was not the same. Most European historians would argue that you would need to split resistance in Europe into two - east and west because Nazi policy was different in the east and the west and resisters in the west didn't have the complication of the Red Army.
 * I agree. Split the article into two for Europe and Asia.  One question, however: should the article on Asia be titled "Resistance in Southeast Asia" or "Resistance in Asia?" I don't know enough about that subject to have an opinion.Smallchief (talk)
 * We recently had a very similar discussion of splitting Collaboration with the Axis powers by spinning off Collaboration with Imperial Japan from collaboration with the European Axis powers for very similar reasons, and with what looks like some degree of success. The European sections are more coherent, while the Japan article has nearly doubled in size since splitting off. And just with Resistance movements, experts in, say Vichy France or Vidkun Quisling might know very little about, say, the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere or Manchukuo.
 * Of course, it might also make it easier for readers and editors to match and compare the respective Eastern and Western spheres of occupation, collaboration and resistance.
 * See:
 * User_talk:Elinruby and
 * Talk:Collaboration_with_the_Axis_powers.

 * With the best of my wishes for other toilers in vineyards, —— Shakescene (talk) 19:47, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Serbian Cetnik Movement
I am disgusted that the Yugoslav Royal Army "Cetniks" are not mrntioned. It seems that the good old communist silencing is good and well even today. Disgusting 120.22.233.251 (talk) 02:44, 30 January 2023 (UTC)

Cetnik Battles vs Nazis
Четници су имали више офанзивних операција против Осовине. Одабрали смо следећеих десет битака четника против Немаца и усташа, поређаних хронолошки. 1. Опсада Краљева 2. Битка на Церу 1941. 3. Битка за Источну Босну 4. Битка за снабдевање 5. Операција “Тојфел“ (Битка на Озрену) 6. Битка за Вишеград 7. Битка за Рогатицу 8. Операција “Хајка“ 9. Битка за Требиње 10. Битка за Модричу 120.22.233.251 (talk) 02:46, 30 January 2023 (UTC)

Poland also had the highest number of soldiers in the wehrmacht...
Not sure we should point to Poland as a bastion of resistance. This, too, is mythology. 2605:B100:1132:6702:D037:A3E1:3305:55E7 (talk) 05:58, 17 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Resistance during World War II


text:
Chronicon terrae Prussiae

Chronicon terræ Prussiæ (Latin for "The Chronicle of the Prussian Land") is a chronicle of the Teutonic Knights, by Peter of Dusburg, finished in 1326. The manuscript is the first major chronicle of the Teutonic Order in Prussia and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, completed some 100 years after the conquest of the crusaders into the Baltic region. It is a major source for information on the Order's battles with Old Prussians and Lithuanians.

The chronicle is written in Latin and consists of four volumes. The first volume gives the background of the Order and its crusades in Outremer. The second volume narrates how the Order arrived to the Prussian land, while the third volume details wars with Old Prussians and other Baltic tribes. The fourth volume provides a historical context of other contemporary events in the world. The chronicle has an addendum of another 20 chapters dealing with events of 1326-1330, which may also have been written by Peter of Dusburg. The chronicle is based on local monastery annals, chronicles, reports and narrations which Peter "considered reliable". Peter had access to the Grand Masters' archive in Marienburg and witnessed some events himself.

The chronicle contains some ethnographic data about the Old Prussians, the indigenous people conquered by the Order. It provides numerous chapters in the styles of religious visions, miracles, and hagiography, aimed at the glorification of the mission of the Order. The war against pagans is sacred and all knights who perish go to heaven. Peter takes no interest in domestic policy of the Order; he does not describe cities, trade, or colonization. Rather the chronicle describes minor raids and clashes with great detail. While narratives of events and battles are considered to be reliable, ethnographic data is ideologically charged. As a priest Peter tried to teach the reader. Pagan Prussians and Lithuanians are presented as a moral example. They are pious in their own way, and Christians should be ashamed of their disobedient and sinful ways.

title: Chronicon terrae Prussiae


text:
Pedro Mariano

Pedro Mariano, born Pedro Camargo Mariano, (born São Paulo April 18, 1975) is a Brazilian musician. He is the son of Brazilian singer Elis Regina and pianist Cesar Camargo Mariano, and the brother of Maria Rita.

In the early 1990s Pedro and his brother João Marcelo Bôscoli formed the band "Confraria". It would later include "Artistas Reunidos" musicians Max de Castro, on guitar, and Daniel Carlomagno on bass. Pedro left the group in 1994 to compose jingles and work on his solo career.

In 1995, he produced a tribute to his mother at PUC-SP. The supporting band included João Marcello, Max de Castro, Daniel Carlomagno, and Pedro. The tribute was a hit and became a TV special, broadcast by CNT.

Voz no Ouvido, was released in 2000 and received a Latin Grammy nomination in 2001 for best Contemporary Brazilian Pop. He received another nomination for his 2001 release Piano e Voz in the best MBP category.

In 1998 Pedro participated in the Projeto Artistas Reunidos (Project Artists United), an innovative collaboration of Música popular brasileira artists that fused classic samba and bossa nova with soul music, funk and electronica. Members included Jair Oliveira, Luciana Mello, João Marcelo Bôscoli, Daniel Carlomagno and brothers Max de Castro and Wilson Simoninha.

title: Pedro Mariano


text:
Cajun Cliffhanger

The Cajun Cliffhanger was a rotor-type amusement ride at Six Flags Great America. and was one of the earliest Chance Industries Rotors produced. Due to the popularity of a Velare Rotor Ride at Chicago's Riverview Park, which closed in 1967, a similar ride made by Chance was purchased by Six Flags, for Marriott's Great America when it opened in 1976 and was called the Cajun Cliffhanger.

The ride was a large circular room with felt-lined walls which passengers entered through a door and took a position freely standing against the wall. The door would be closed and the room would begin to rotate. When the rate of rotation was sufficient, the floor would drop a few feet, leaving the riders pinned to the wall by inertia.

On July 19, 2000, two girls, aged 11 and 13, were injured on the ride. Both girls sustained injuries to their feet; at least one had broken bones. The girls' feet were caught between the moving floor and the wall. Witnesses reported the floor was raised at the wrong time. The ride model was also known to create a gap between the wall and floor over time from wear. After inquiries found the operators negligent, they were fined $1,000. The ride remained closed until it was demolished and scrapped during the 2001 off-season. The Joker is currently operating in its place.

title: Cajun Cliffhanger


text:
Chirikof Island

Chirikof Island (Остров Чирикова) is located in the Gulf of Alaska approximately 80 mi southwest of Kodiak Island.

Terrain
Chirikof Island consists of 33000 acre of grasses and sedges. Treeless, it lies west of the western tree line in Alaska. The island is shaped like a webbed duck foot with the heel to the north and the webbing to the south. The seas around Chirikof are treacherous and the island has a history of shipwrecks. The south shore has a wide beach suitable for aircraft landings and cautious watercraft landings. The island is open to general public access. Commercial carriers need a permit to visit; personal planes or boats need no permit.

Habitation
The first human inhabitants of the island were the Old Islanders, 4000-2000 BP (before present, i.e., before 1950.) A subsistence village existed up to the late 19th century, when it was succeeded first by fox farming and then by cattle farming. There has generally been continuous human habitation of Chirikof, relieved by short periods of abandonment. In 1980, the island became part of the Alaska Maritime Wildlife Refuge. The only inhabitants now are a herd of perhaps 700-800 feral cattle. Cattle have been present on the island since the late 19th century. In the 21st century, the herd has become the subject of an ongoing controversy between a small group of Kodiak ranchers and the US Fish and Wildlife Service, which manages the refuge. (See National interest lands below.)

Names
Vitus Bering, captain of the St. Peter, and Alexei Chirikov, captain of the St. Paul, sailed from Kamchatka in 1741 with charts that called the island Tummenoi, a Russian word meaning foggy. The log of the St. Peter recorded a sighting of the island on August 2, 1741, which was St. Stephen's day. For this reason, Bering renamed the island St. Stephen Island. Bering's ship and Chirikof's had become separated early in the voyage and Chirikof never saw the island. Nonetheless, in 1794, explorer George Vancouver renamed the island Chirikof Island, observing that Capt. Chirikof's "labors in the arduous task of discovery do not appear to have been thus commemorated." Alutiiqs of the area still call the island Ukamok (ooo-KA-mok) for the ground squirrels common there.

Russian-American Company
In 1799 the Russian-American Company was given a charter by Tsar Paul I to govern the territory of Alaska and manage the exploitation of its resources. The company had already established a permanent colony for European settlers on Kodiak Island. Supported at first by the fur trade, the Kodiak colonists later pursued cattle ranching and fox farming. During the Russian period (i.e., 1740s to 1867) a population of 60-100 villagers lived a subsistence life on nearby Chirikof. The villagers were of Alutiiq, Tlingit, Russian, and Western European extraction. They worshiped in a small Russian orthodox church. The village was abandoned soon after the Russian church called the only priest on the island back to Kodiak in 1870.

Alaska Commercial Company
Alaska Commercial Company acquired the assets of the Russian-American Company in 1867 when Russia sold the territory to America. In 1887, an ACC subsidiary was formed to breed blue foxes on Chirikof. Voles were imported to feed the foxes. A small herd of cattle was brought in to provide meat for the American caretakers, who disliked seal meat. From time to time - 1892, 1912 - the company shipped additional cattle to the island. The cattle were not landed; the crew just drove them overboard and they swam to shore. Once on land, the cattle thrived unattended on the nutritious island grasses. They also lost many traits of domestication. They do not herd up; they charge horses and men; when spooked, they flee into the sea and swim around till it is safe to come out.

Russian penal colony
The late Dr. Lydia Black, a leading scholar of the Russian-American period in Alaska, rebutted the legend that there was once a Russian penal colony on Chirikof. Among those who perpetuated that myth was artist, traveler and writer Henry Wood Elliott, who wrote accurately of the fur trade but fictitiously of much else. Few people at the time were knowledgeable enough to refute Elliott's fantasies. One who could was Capt. Arthur Morris, administrator of Alaska in 1877, who once stated, "Don't believe a word Elliott says except about fur seals."

Beef industry
The beef industry on Chirikof began in earnest in 1925 and continued as late as 1983, when a $875,000 loan from the Alaska Agricultural Loan Board brought 600 new head to the island. The original venture was the brain-child of an Iowa farm boy with a law degree named Jack McCord. McCord formed the Chirikof Cattle Company and labored from 1925 to 1950 to build a successful beef industry on the island. The story is a long saga of shipwrecks, plane crashes, unruly feral cattle, unfulfilled contracts, spoiled meat and good money thrown after bad. A succession of hopeful owners since McCord has been unable to profitably market the beef from this remote island. Ranch workers report that the meat is virtually "inedible," tough and hard to digest.

National interest lands
As part of the 1971 Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA), certain state lands reverted to federal ownership. In 1980, Chirikof Island was added to the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge. The management plan for the refuge entails restoring the island's native species and requires removal of the cattle, which overgraze the land and damage bird habitat. However, the most recent attempt in 2003 to remove a small part of the herd - 37 head, by barge - resulted in injuries to the animals that attracted the attention of the Humane Society of the United States. Additionally, legal issues have delayed plans to remove the herd and restore the island as a bird sanctuary.

Additional resources

 * Ford, Corey, Where the Sea Breaks Its Back
 * Davidson, The Tracks and Landfalls of Bering and Chirikof
 * Golder, Bering's Voyages
 * Waxell, The American Expedition
 * Steller, Journal of a Voyage with Bering
 * Beaglehole, The Life of Captain James Cook
 * Alaska Geographic, Vol 4 No 3, 1977, Kodiak, Island of Change
 * Alaska Magazine, August 2000, The Wild Cattle of Chirikof Island
 * Rivers, Raymond, Chirikof Adventure, 1949, printed 1961 in Mukluk Telegraph
 * Kashevaroff, Chirikof Never a Penal Colony, Jan 28, 1929, Daily Alaska Empire
 * McCord/Frye letters, Kodiak Historical Society
 * Personal communications from Woodworth, Hamilton, Homme, Stavelund and others

title: Chirikof Island


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mihopa

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE (discounting sockpuppets).  Rob e  rt  22:52, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Mihopa
A 3 year old webhosting site with 75 users. Not notable. Thue | talk 19:54, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, exactly my thoughts. feydey 20:16, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Come on Guys. It is 170 or something and not 75 and since Wikipedia is the largest encyclopaedia on just about anything, it is not fair to delete this. It's your call though but I am against it.

Just another thing to add to it, wikipedia should have a lot of things listed. It isn't harming anyone is it? Keep it.
 * Please do not delete it. Hey, it's one more thing to add to your encyclopedia. Atleast tell me what to change.

 * Please keep it up.... it's the best free webhost I've ever found.
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mihopa


text:
Peter of Dusburg

Peter of Dusburg (Peter von Dusburg; Petrus de Dusburg; died after 1326), also known as Peter of Duisburg, was a Priest-Brother and chronicler of the Teutonic Knights. He is known for writing the Chronicon terrae Prussiae, which described the 13th and early 14th century Teutonic Knights and Old Prussians in Prussia.

Life
Peter's dates of birth and death are unknown, although he lived from the second half of the 13th century until the first half of the 14th century. Initially it was thought he was from Duisburg, Germany, and in some texts he is referred to as "Peter of Duisburg". Other research indicates he may have instead come from Doesburg, the Netherlands.

In 1324, probably while in Königsberg, Peter began working on his Chronicon terrae Prussiae on behalf of Grand Master Werner von Orseln. By 1326, he had finished expanding upon the now-lost work of a Latinist who had written about the campaigns of the early Prussian Crusade. That version was subsequently revised to include events up to 1330. In 1331-1335, Nikolaus von Jeroschin translated Peter's chronicle into Middle High German on behalf of Grand Master Luther von Braunschweig.

title: Peter of Dusburg


text:
Mount Ward

Mount Ward may refer to:

 * Mount Ward (Antarctica), mountain at the northeast end of Steeple Peaks, in western Palmer Land
 * Mount Ward (Massachusetts), small summit in Marlboro, Massachusetts
 * Mount Ward (North Masson Range), isolated peak in the southern part of the North Masson Range, Antarctica
 * Mount Ward (Dominion Range) in the Dominion Range, Antarctica

title: Mount Ward


text:
Pataxó

The Pataxó are an indigenous people in Bahia, Brazil, with a population of about 11,800 individuals. They once spoke the Pataxó language, but now speak Portuguese and a revitalized version of the Pataxó language called Patxohã. The Pataxó's territory is part of a wider region traditionally inhabited by the group. The region was mainly converted into private farms by settlers who persecuted the Pataxó, and in 1961, they were expelled from the largest remaining forest and integrated into the dominant society, losing their indigenous identity and settling in cities. Others moved to coastal areas, forming new indigenous villages, including Coroa Vermelha, founded in 1972 and now home to approximately 6,000 people. In 1998, a group of Pataxó women created the Jaqueira Reserve, which comprises 827 hectares in the Environmental Protection Area of the Coroa Vermelha Indigenous Territory in South Bahia, where they operate a community-based cultural identity and ecotourism project, the Associação Pataxó de Ecoturismo, which employs indigenous families.

Notable Pataxó people
Alice Pataxó

Alex Pereira

title: Pataxó


text:
1937 Masaryk Grand Prix

The 1937 Masaryk Grand Prix was a 750 kg Formula race held on 26 September 1937 at the Masaryk Circuit.

Race report
Rudolf Hasse and Achille Varzi did not race due to illness. Rosemeyer took the Auto Union into an early lead and von Brauchitsch couldn't match his skill on the gravel surface as he pulled away from the field. On lap five Lang lost control of his Mercedes and left the road and ploughed into some bystanders, killing two and injuring twelve. Unable to catch Rosemeyer von Brauchitsch let Caracciola past and the latter began catching the young Auto Union driver. In the end though it was unnecessary to pass him, Rosemeyer's brakes gave out and his race was over...or maybe not.

Müller had been in second place, but couldn't keep the Mercedes' behind and both Seaman and von Brauchitsch caught and passed him and he dropped to fourth. Back in the pits Rosemeyer took over Müller's car and immediately set about catching the now cruising Mercedes' drivers. Seaman was 48s ahead at the beginning of the final 29 km lap, Rosemeyer finished the lap 37s ahead of him! Von Brauchitsch was only another 5s ahead when they took the flag and Rosemeyer had an incredible 3rd place whilst Caracciola had the win.

title: 1937 Masaryk Grand Prix


text: User talk:86.1.212.218

title: User talk:86.1.212.218