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Timur Kuran

Timur Kuran is a Turkish-American economist and political scientist currently serving as a Professor of Economics and Political Science, and Gorter Family Professor of Islamic Studies at Duke University. His research lies at the intersection of economics, political science, history, and law.

Early life and education
Kuran was born in 1954 in New York City, where his parents were graduate students at Yale University. They returned to Turkey, and he spent his early childhood in Ankara, where his father, Aptullah Kuran, taught at Middle East Technical University. The family moved to Istanbul in 1969, when the senior Kuran joined the faculty of Robert College, whose higher education side became Boğaziçi University in 1971.

Kuran obtained his secondary education in Istanbul, graduating from Robert College in 1973. He went on to study economics at Princeton University, graduating magna cum laude in 1977. He obtained his doctorate at Stanford University, under the supervision of Kenneth Arrow.

Academic career
Kuran taught at University of Southern California between 1982 and 2007, where he held the King Faisal professorship in Islamic Thought and Culture from 1993 onwards. He moved to Duke University in 2007, as Gorter Family Professor of Islamic Studies and with a joint appointment in the departments of Economics and Political Science.

Kuran’s visiting positions include: Institute for Advanced Study (1989–90), Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago; (1996-1997), Economics Department, Stanford University (2004-2005), Law School, Yale University (2020).

From 2008 to 2014 Kuran served on the Executive Committee of the International Economic Association. He is a founding member of the Association for Analytic Learning about Islam and Muslim Societies (AALIMS), which he has directed since its establishment in 2011.

Kuran was the founding editor of the University of Michigan Press book series “Economics, Cognition, and Society” (1989-2006). Since 2009, he been co-editor of the Cambridge University Press series “Cambridge Studies in Economics, Choice, and Society,” which he co-founded with Peter Boettke. He has co-edited the Journal of Comparative Economics since 2017.

Kuran is a promoter of freedom of expression, within and outside academia. In 2021, he became a co-founding member of the Academic Freedom Alliance (AFA). In 2022, he joined the Advisory Council of the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression (FIRE).

Research
Four themes stand out in Kuran’s research: preference falsification, the roles of Islamic institutions in the economic performance of the Middle East, the economic agenda of contemporary Islamism, and the political legacies of Islamic institutions in the Middle East. The last three themes benefit from his passion for collecting Ottoman and Turkish documents.

Preference falsification
Kuran coined the term preference falsification in a 1987 article to describe the act of misrepresenting one's wants under perceived social pressures. It involves tailoring one's expressed preferences to what appears socially acceptable or politically advantageous. His subsequent works argue that the phenomenon is ubiquitous and that it can have huge social, political, and economic consequences. The effects hinge on interdependencies between the personal preferences that individuals choose to express publicly. A broad statement of his argument is in Private Truths, Public Lies: The Social Consequences of Preference Falsification. This 1995 book explains how preference falsification shapes collective decisions, orients structural change, distorts human knowledge, and conceals political possibilities.

An April 1989 article by Kuran, “Sparks and prairie fires: A theory of unanticipated political revolution”, presented the French Revolution (1789), the Russian Revolution (1917), and the Iranian Revolution (1979) as examples of events that stunned the world; and it explained how preference falsification, combined with interdependencies among publicly expressed preferences, keeps people from anticipating political earthquakes that are easily explained in retrospect. After the East European Revolutions of late 1989, Kuran explained why seasoned experts of the Communist Bloc were caught off guard in “Now Out of Never: The Element of Surprise in the East European Revolution of 1989”. These papers and Private Truths, Public Lies suggest that political revolutions and big shifts in public opinion will surprise the world repeatedly, because of people’s readiness, under perceived social pressures, to conceal their political dispositions.

Kuran has used his theory to shed light on the persistence of East European communism despite its inefficiencies, why India’s caste system has remained a powerful institution for millennia, transformations of American race relations, the aggravation of ethnic conflicts through a self-reinforcing process whereby ethnic symbols gain salience and practical significance, (with Cass Sunstein) the eruption of mass hysteria over minor risks, and American polarization.

Islam and economic performance of the Middle East
In the mid-1990s, Kuran started exploring the drivers of the Middle East’s economic trajectory from the birth of Islam to the present. His focus has been on the roles of Islamic law (Sharia) in shaping economic opportunities.

During Islam’s early centuries, Kuran observes, the economic content of Islamic law was well-suited to global economic conditions. As such, the Middle East was an economically advanced region. Subsequently, it failed to match the institutional transformation through which Western Europe vastly increased its capacity to pool resources, coordinate production, and conduct trade. Although the Middle East’s economic institutions never froze, in certain areas central to economic modernization changes were minimal until the 1800s, at least in relation to structural transformations in the West.

The Long Divergence: How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East is Kuran’s broadest account of this thesis. There, he suggests that several elements of Islamic law helped to turn the Middle East into an economic laggard. Because of its egalitarian character, the Islamic law of inheritance inhibited capital accumulation, and it curtailed needs for organizational innovations to scale up the pooling of capital and labor. The lack of an Islamic concept of corporation also hindered organizational development; in addition, it kept entrepreneurs politically weak. The waqf, Islam’s distinct form of trust, locked vast resources into organizations prone to becoming dysfunctional.

None of these institutions were disadvantageous at their emergence, suggests Kuran; they solved identifiable problems. None caused an absolute decline in economic activity. Each became a handicap by perpetuating itself during the millennium when Western Europe spearheaded economic modernization.

A popular argument is that Islam fosters a conservative ethos that promotes resistance to adaptation. Had conservatism per se made the Middle East fall behind, Kuran says, adjustments would have lagged across the board. But even as institutions of the private economy stalled, military and taxation systems were reformed repeatedly. That commercial and financial organizations were not scaled up points to an institutional trap, not conservative attitudes. Inefficient institutions perpetuated themselves as their interactions dampened incentives to innovate. When in the 1800s the rise of the West created an existential threat, institutional transplants followed. The borrowed institutions perform functions long met through Islamic institutions.

The Islamic institutions that delayed the Middle East’s economic modernization no longer block economic development directly, claims Kuran. But patterns they fostered, including low trust in institutions, rampant corruption, and widespread nepotism, are impeding the region’s catch-up.

Kuran’s research on the Middle East’s economic history draws on data collected from Istanbul’s Islamic court archives. His data from the 1600s has been published as a ten-volume bilingual set.

Functions of Islamic economics
Kuran’s research agenda has included exploring the origins, logic, and initiatives of Islamic economics, a doctrine that claims to offer an alternative to capitalism and socialism. Its initiatives include the establishment of Islamic financial institutions meant to avoid interest. It also promotes Islamic behavioral norms and has founded anti-poverty systems inspired by zakat practices in seventh-century Arabia, in Islam’s earliest decades.

Kuran argues that the doctrine of Islamic economics is incoherent and largely irrelevant to present challenges. Its practical applications have had no discernible effects on efficiency, trust, or poverty reduction. Its real purpose has not been economic improvement but the cultivation of a distinct Islamic identity. It has served global Islamism (known also as Islamic fundamentalism) by fueling the illusion that modern Muslim societies can live by economic rules based on Islam.

A comprehensive statement of Kuran’s analysis and interpretation of Islamic economics is Islam and Mammon: The Economic Predicaments of Islamism. Islamic financial firms deal in interest routinely, he argues there, through ruses that make interest appear as a return to risk. Their operations do not differ, except symbolically, from those of conventional financial firms with which they compete. He also observes that modern zakat systems shuffle resources within the middle class or redistribute from poor to rich. Finally, he points to the lack of evidence that Islamic economics has improved trust or trustworthiness.

Following Fazlur Rahman, Kuran argues that Islamic economics misunderstands the original functions of Quran-based Islamic institutions.

Kuran has written on the Islamic controversy over the permissibility of interest; the origins, historical functions, and modern variants of zakat; and Islamic credit cards.

Islam and political performance of the Middle East
With a focus on the Middle East’s institutional history, Kuran has explored why its modern states tend to be governed autocratically and why the region fares poorly in global indices of freedom. He proposes that three Islamic institutions played critical roles. Though designed to bind the state, Islam’s original tax system was sidelined within a couple of generations. This Islamic waqf (as opposed to the modern waqf, which is a corporation) kept civic life anemic by restricting political participation and hindering collective action from below. And private commercial enterprises remained small and ephemeral, hindering the formation of stable coalitions capable of bargaining with the state.

Ottoman and Turkish documents
In his childhood and early adulthood, Timur Kuran collected postal stamps. As his academic career began and research foci changed, his collecting interests turned to poorly studied areas: (1) Ottoman and Turkish postal history and postal stationery; (2) Ottoman and Turkish revenue stamps; and, increasingly, (3) Ottoman and Turkish documents, with an emphasis on evidence relating to the modernization of economic and civic life.

In the third category, his major collections are on the following topics: official revenue stamps and their usages; Ottoman occupations; foreign occupations of Ottoman territories; private and semi-official social assistance; printing, the press, and publishing; banking and insurance; political organizations; education; and lotteries. These collections are furnishing data to Kuran’s ongoing academic research on Ottoman and Turkish modernization from the late 1700s.

He has co-authored, with Mehmet Akan, volume 1 of an intended bilingual trilogy on the microhistory of the Turkish postal system.

title: Timur Kuran


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MACRO-11

MACRO-11 is an assembly language with macro facilities, designed for PDP-11 minicomputer family from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). It is the successor to Program Assembler Loader (PAL-11R), an earlier version of the PDP-11 assembly language without macro facilities.

MACRO-11 was supported on all DEC PDP-11 operating systems. PDP-11 Unix systems also include an assembler (named as), structurally similar to MACRO-11, but with different syntax and fewer features. The MACRO-11 assembler (and programs created by it) could also run under the RSX-11 compatibility mode of OpenVMS on VAX.

Programming example
A complete "Hello, World!" program in PDP-11 macro assembler, to run under RT-11:

The  pseudo-op warns the assembler that the code will be using the   and   macros. The  and   macros are defined in the standard system macro library to expand to the   instructions to call the RT-11 monitor to perform the requested functions.

If this file is HELLO.MAC, the RT-11 commands to assemble, link and run (with console output shown) are as follows:

(The RT-11 command prompt is " ")

For a more complicated example of MACRO-11 code, two examples chosen at random are Kevin Murrell's KPUN.MAC, or Farba Research's JULIAN routine. More extensive libraries of PDP-11 code can be found in the Metalab freeware and Trailing Edge archives.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: MACRO-11


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West Morris Mendham High School

West Morris Mendham High School (also known as Mendham High School) is home of the Minutemen, and is a four-year comprehensive regional public high school that serves students in ninth though twelfth grades as part of the West Morris Regional High School District. Established in 1970, the school is located in the heart of Mendham Borough, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Students who attend the school come from the Morris County municipalities of Chester Borough, Chester Township, Mendham Borough and Mendham Township (including the areas of Brookside and Ralston).

As of the 2022–23 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,077 students and 88.2 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.2:1. There were 11 students (1.0% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and no students were listed as eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Its sister school, West Morris Central High School, is located in Washington Township. Students from Washington Township attend West Morris Central. The two schools maintain an athletic rivalry, which has survived decades of conference and schedule changes for all sports. Mount Olive High School was broken off from the original three-school district in 1977.

Mendham was certified to offer the International Baccalaureate (IB) diploma in January 1998. The school was one of 17 high schools in New Jersey to offer the IB diploma program in 2021; along with its sister school West Morris Central, it is one of the two high schools in New the state to offer both the IB Diploma and Career Programs.

Awards, recognition and rankings
In its 2013 report on "America's Best High Schools", The Daily Beast ranked the school 284th in the nation among participating public high schools and 22nd among schools in New Jersey. In the 2011 "Ranking America's High Schools" issue by The Washington Post, the school was ranked 5th in New Jersey and 246th nationwide. The school was ranked 562nd, the 13th-highest in New Jersey, in Newsweek magazine's 2010 rankings of America's Best High Schools, with 2.224 AP/IB tests taken per graduating senior. The school was ranked 474th in Newsweek's 2009 ranking of the top 1,500 high schools in the United States and was the 11th-ranked school in New Jersey; The school was ranked 751st nationwide in 2008. In Newsweek's 2007 ranking of the country's top 1,200 high schools, Mendham High School was listed in 390th place, the fourteenth-highest ranked school in New Jersey while Central was ranked 117th in the nation and 3rd in the state. The school was listed in 148th place, the fifth highest ranked school in New Jersey, in Newsweek magazine's May 8, 2006, issue, listing the Top 1,200 High Schools in The United States.

In New Jersey Monthly's September 2018 rankings, West Morris Mendham was ranked 7th public high school in New Jersey out of 305 schools statewide in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2018 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", using a new ranking methodology. The school had been ranked 45th in the state of 328 schools in 2012, after being ranked 26th in 2010 out of 322 schools listed. The magazine ranked the school 38th in 2008 out of 316 schools. The school was ranked 29th in the magazine's September 2006 issue, which included 316 schools across the state.

In 2017, the Washington Post ranked West Morris Mendham High School as the most challenging public, non-charter high school in New Jersey and ranked 217th in the nation. Schooldigger.com ranked the school 61st out of 409 public high schools statewide in its 2017 rankings (a decrease of 5 positions from the 2010 ranking) which were based on the combined percentage of students classified as proficient or above proficient on the mathematics (93.4%) and language arts literacy (98.3%) components of the High School Proficiency Assessment (HSPA). Newsweek named the school #180 overall among the nearly 30,000 public high schools in the U.S. in their rankings of "America's Top High Schools 2015" released in August 2015; The school was ranked 38th in New Jersey and 22nd among comprehensive schools in the state.

Athletics
West Morris Mendham High School offers over 30 athletic teams ranging in level from freshman to varsity, competing in the Northwest Jersey Athletic Conference (NJAC), which comprises public and private high schools in Morris, Sussex and Warren counties, and was established following a reorganization of sports leagues in Northern New Jersey by the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association. Prior to the NJSIAA's 2010 realignment, the school had competed as part of the Iron Hills Conference, which included public and private high schools in Essex Morris and Union counties. With 927 students in grades 10-12, the school was classified by the NJSIAA for the 2019–20 school year as Group III for most athletic competition purposes, which included schools with an enrollment of 761 to 1,058 students in that grade range. The football team competes in the Patriot White division of the North Jersey Super Football Conference, which includes 112 schools competing in 20 divisions, making it the nation's biggest football-only high school sports league. The school was classified by the NJSIAA as Group III North for football for 2022–2024, which included schools with 680 to 884 students.

Softball
The 1985 softball team finished the season with a 26-0 record after winning the Group III state championship by defeating Collingswood High School in the tournament final by a score of 6-0. NJ.com / The Star-Ledger ranked Mendham as their number-one softball team in the state in 1985.

Cross country
The girls' cross country team won the Group III state championship in 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2015.

The boys' cross country team won the Group III state title in 2011 and 2017-2020.

Boys soccer
The boys' soccer team won the Group III state championship in 2015 (defeating Toms River High School South in the tournament final) and 2017 (vs. Mainland Regional High School).

The team won the North II Group III state sectional title in 1988, before losing to Steinert High School in the Group III state championship game. In 2015, the Minutemen defeated Toms River High School South by a score of 4-0 in the Group III title game, winning the first state championship in the program's history.

The 2017 team finished the season with a record of 20-3 after defeating Northern Valley Regional High School at Old Tappan by a score of 1-0 in the semifinals and winning the Group III state title with a 2-1 win against Mainland in the championship game at Kean University.

Football
The 1975 team finished the season with a record of 8–1–2 after winning the NJSIAA North Jersey II Group I state championship game with a 19–6 win against Mountain Lakes High School, which had been awarded the sectional title in four of the five previous seasons. Under head coach Richard Attonito (1971–1988), the team won three Colonial Hills Conference titles (1975, 1982, 1983) and matriculated future NFL linebackers Jim Collins and Carl Zander.

The intra-district football rivalry with West Morris Central High School was ranked 23rd on NJ.com's 2017 list "Ranking the 31 fiercest rivalries in N.J. HS football". With eight consecutive victories, West Morris Central leads the series with an overall record of 26-7-1 through the 2023 season including sectional finals victories in both 2001 and 2004.

Boys lacrosse
The varsity boys' lacrosse team was crowned sole state champions in 1994, winning the New Jersey Tournament of Champions against Ridgewood High School. The team won the Group II state championship in 2010 with a win against Princeton High School.

Girls lacrosse
The girls' lacrosse team won the Group II state championship in 2007 (defeating Hopewell Valley Central High School in the tournament final), 2008 (vs. Hopewell Valley), and won the Group III title in 2010 (vs. Shawnee High School). The team won the 2007 Group II state title with a 17–4 win against Hopewell Valley in the championship game. The team won the 2008 Group II title, again defeating Hopewell Valley, this time by a score of 8-7 in the championship game. In 2010, the team defeated Shawnee High School by a score of 12–6 in the finals to become the Group III state champions.

Girls volleyball
The girls' volleyball team was runner-up in the state in 2007, falling to Fair Lawn High School in the group final. In 2013, the team went on to win the Morris County Tournament, and in 2014, the team was the Northwest Jersey Athletic Conference champions. The girls then went on to win the state championships in 2019 and 2020. The 2019 team won the Group III state title in two seats against Wayne Valley High School.

Boys basketball
The team won the Group II state championship in 2000 (defeating Haddonfield Memorial High School in the final game of the tournament) and won the Group III title in 2010 (vs. Kingsway Regional High School).

In 2010, the boys won the Group III state championship with a 44–41 victory over Kingsway Regional, but fell short to University High School in the quarterfinal round of the Tournament of Champions.

The team won the 2011 Morris County Tournament final to give the program its ninth title in the 42-year history of the tournament, more than any other school.

Jim Baglin had a record of 685-192 in his 33 years as coach, from 1979 until 2012, including nine Morris County Tournament titles. He was inducted into the NJSIAA Hall of Fame in 2017.

Ice hockey
The ice hockey team won the Halvorsen Division title in 2009, 2013, 2014, 2020, and 2022 and won the Haas Cup in 2019.

The 2019 team won the Hass Cup and ran their season record to 21-3 after an 8-1 win in the tournament final played at the Mennen Arena against Park Regional, the co-operative team representing Hanover Park High School and Whippany Park High School.

Girls basketball
The team won the Group II state championship in 1998 and 1999, defeating Sterling High School in the tournament final both years.

The team won the program's first state title in 1998 with a 58-40 win against Sterling in the Group II championship game held at the Thomas Dunn Sports Center in Elizabeth. The 1998 team finished with a perfect 32–0 record, after advancing to the Tournament of Champions as the third seed, beating sixth-seed St. Rose High School 54-20 in the first round and number-two St. John Vianney High School 67-55 in overtime in the semifinals before beating previously undefeated Columbia High School in the finals by a score of 67–62, making Mendham the first public school to take the title since 1990.

The team won the Group II state title in 1999 with a 56-51 win against Sterling in the tournament final. and advanced to the Tournament of Champions as the second seed, beating third-seed East Brunswick High School 71-40 in the semifinals before falling to number-one St. John Vianney by a score of 62-53 in the finals to finish the season with a record of 29-2.

Girls soccer
The girls' soccer program won the Group II state championship in 1992 (defeating Cinnaminson High School in the tournament final), 1993 (vs. Moorestown High School), 1996 (vs. Ramapo High School), 1998 (as co-champions with Gloucester Catholic High School) and 1999 (vs. Delran High School). The team has won the Iron Hills Conference championship.

The 1999 team finished the season with a 23-1 record after winning the Group II state title with a 2-1 victory in the championship game against a Delran team led by Carli Lloyd.

In 2007, the girls' soccer team won the North II, Group III state sectional championship with a 2-0 win over Scotch Plains High School in the tournament final.

Boys tennis
The boys' tennis team won the Group II state championship in 1981 (defeating Gateway Regional High School in the tournament final) and 1982 (vs. Hopewell Valley Central High School).

Girls tennis
The team won the Group III state championship in 2004 (vs. Northern Highlands Regional High School) and 2012 (vs. Princeton High School).

Fencing
Both the boys' and girls' fencing teams annually place at the top five in the state. In 2011, the girls finished second in the state, and the boys finished fourth. 2009 graduate Emilee Kovolisky placed 4th at the international fencing competition in Barcelona during the summer following her senior year. In 2012, the Mendham boys won the state championship, defeating Columbia High School, which had won the state title the previous two years and had been riding a streak of 49 consecutive dual match victories. The boys fencing team was épée team winner that same year.

Field hockey
The field hockey team won the North II Group I state sectional championship in 1975 and the North II Group III title in 1993.

Wrestling
The wrestling team won the North IV Group I state sectional championship in 2017, defeating rival school West Morris Central High School.

Track
The boys track team won the indoor relay championship in 2017 as co-champion

West Morris Mendham Marching Band
The scholastic marching band has participated in competitions such as the Yamaha Cup Competition in 2019.

Academics
The West Morris Regional High School District offers four different levels of classes. Each of the four levels in classes differs in the level of rigor, with studies being the least rigorous and Honors/AP/IB being the most rigorous. Students and their parents are free to decide the level of the students classes.
 * Studies
 * Academic
 * Advanced
 * Honors / Advanced Placement (AP) / International Baccalaureate (IB)

Administration
The school's principal is Steve Ryan. His core administration team includes four assistant principals.

Notable alumni

 * Jim Collins (born 1958, class of 1976), former NFL player.
 * Molly Creamer (born 1981, class of 1999), former WNBA player.
 * Maggie Doyne (born c. 1987), philanthropist who helped develop an orphanage and school in the Kopila Valley of Nepal.
 * Alice Weaver Flaherty, neurologist, who is a researcher, educator and author of the 2004 book The Midnight Disease: The Drive to Write, Writer's Block, and the Creative Brain, about the neural basis of creativity.
 * Matt Flanagan (born 1995, class of 2013), former tight end for the Washington Football Team and Jacksonville Jaguars.
 * Ed McKirdy (class of 1991), recording artist who recorded and toured with Hands Tied, The Killing Flame, and Triple Threat.
 * Doug Root (born 1977), former professional tennis player.
 * Daniel Tamburello (born 1975, Class of 1993), member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives since 2010.
 * Carl Zander (born 1963, class of 1981), former NFL player who played for the Cincinnati Bengals from 1985-1991.
 * Adam Zeis (born 1978), writer and podcaster who serves as the Special Projects Director at Future plc.

title: West Morris Mendham High School


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Talk:History of Bahrain

Qaramita?
We are missing here great parts of the Bahraini history. What about the Qaramita? 20:29, 8 October 2005 (UTC) i love bahrain and i have a book for it

Continual Revisions
This page has come under sustained vandalism with attempts to continually delete content and remove links - specifically to give the Islamists' narrative of recent history. Therefore rv deletion of references to the role of Iran and the spread of Islamic fundamenatlism as an ideology in the 1970s, and as well as the consequent social affects. Sources that refer to terrorism in during the 1990s uprising are deleted as are links to the work of Bahrain's leading Marxist academic Abdulhadi Khalaf. -- Rick James Style 00:08, 7 July 2006 (UTC)
 * 82.194.62.22 has been warned and banned frequently by admin for repeated vandalism and destruction of content. Frequently used sock puppets for reverts. This page is yet another example. -- Rick James Style 12:10, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Al Qarmatians and Mongols
Placed Al Qarmatians and Mongols under separate headings because the two periods have nothing in common and are seperated by hundreds of years.
 * Will delete the Mongol heading if there's no more info and include the sentence there elsewhere. -- Dilmun 12:34, 17 August 2006 (UTC)
 * No objections received. In which case will delete heading 'Mongol invasion' as there is not enough text to justify it as a separate section. Dilmun 12:23, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Lead sentence
In the lede sentence it says: "... which is thought to be an inaccurate folk etymology... according to some scholars ..." This sounds terribly weasily. Who thinks so? Which "scholars"? Also, I looked at the referenced url, which is an almost century-old source and long since outdated with respect to the Verethegna bit. I don't know if the term Bahrain derives from that or not, but if it does, then it would be 3rd century CE, which is pretty darn recent, and it sounds odd that a conquered kingdom would get the name "victorious". Moreover, Verethregna is certainly not a slayer of any dragon, least of all one named "Verethra", which means obstacle, and Verethregna means "one who overcomes obstacles", which essentially that divinity's role in the Avesta. And "one who overcomes obstacles" is of course "victorious", which is what "Bahram" means. See also Vahram. -- Fullstop 16:15, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

Stop vandalising
Dear Dilmun - The Wikipedia is not a personal website, to prepare it the way that you like. You are vandalising this article by removing, and reinstalling the previous entry that has no historical credibility, and contain many mistakes. If this happen again, I have to report you to the Wikipedia. 87.194.82.148 19:43, 21 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Stop adding nonsense to wikipedia then. Your edits are bogus. For a start:
 * Your new 'Ancient History' Section lasts until 1787.
 * Your editions are uncredited copy & paste from
 * -- Dilmun 21:43, 21 December 2006 (UTC)
 * The source for the info are United Nation and CAIS . You can hide yourself in a cocoon and claim a false history for Bahrain, but this encyclopaedia has not been designed to serve your falsification. You have to accept that facts, including Bahrain was part of Iran until 1970s, and even today 65% of inhabitants are Iranian origin. Today we live in the age of inforamtion, and there is no place for falsification! Zoroastrian 05:07, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
 * You're right Wikipedia's no place for falsification which is why I've reverted your edits based on your CAIS document. -- Dilmun 14:14, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

CAIS bogus document
The CAIS document, "How Was separated from Iran?", on which User:Zoroastrian sources their edits is clearly a bogus document (as well as lacking basic standards of English). The author states he is a senior research member of "Centre for Geopolitics and International Borders studies" at the School of Oriental and African Studies at the London University. This Centre does not exists. There is no mention of this Centre except in the CIAS document - searching Google and other sources will confirm this. As the document is authored by a representative of an institution that does not exist, the document is clearly bogus and cannot be considered credible by wikipedia's standards. The standard of the document is further emphasised by its clearly unacademic language with its (amusing) use of terms such as 'dastardly' and 'depersonalisation'. With its propaganda-style rhetoric and uncertain origin this document is not a valid source. -- Dilmun 14:34, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Visit to obtain more info about the author of the article in question. Also, if you pay attention, you will hopefully realize that the published article is a “Translation” i.e. should be translated accurately as possible to match the the published article in original language.
 * With regard to the Geopolitics & International Boundaries Research Centre visit: and [Geopolitics & International Boundaries Research Centre] to confirm its existence! Also their email address is: rs7@soas.ac.uk!
 * Finally, I have no intention to humiliate you by proving you wrong, in fact I’m helping you to overcome your state of denial with regard to Bahrain. Zoroastrian 12:39, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

CAIS Permission
The article is from CAIS with explicit permission to release the content to Wikipedia. The notice says: CAIS releases the contents of this page ( http://www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/Geography/mishmahig.htm ) to "Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopaedia" (including the images)- Date of release: 18 December 2006. Zoroastrian 09:11, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

Confirmation CAIS blacklisted document
The CAIS document referred to above has now been 'blacklisted' by wikipedia and references to it are being deleted across wikipedia by User:Siebrand (who edited the page yesterday to remove the links). The History of Bahrain page was rewritten in December 2006 and January 2007 using the CAIS document as the source. As there's agreement on the non suitability of this source these edits need to be reverted. Untangling this mess is going to be impossible, so I'm going to revert the page to the pre-CAIS edits. If this means that I've deleted an edit you've subsequently made, I hope that you will simply re-add the information. I accept that this isn't ideal, but what's the alternative? Let the current edits stand? Dilmun 20:14, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

POV check
The page should be double-checked for accuracy and neutrality by third-party neutral users. -- 07fan (talk) 16:46, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

 * You still have to state your reasons as per POV check:
 * Place at the top of the suspect article, then explain your reasons on the talk page of the suspect article. To specify the section of the discussion on the talk page, use  .
 * -- Slacker (talk) 17:18, 3 April 2008 (UTC)
 * The discussion for the POV check is on Talk:Bahrain -- Enric Naval (talk) 21:04, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

Bani Utbah
Hi there, I just became a member and I tried to edit a section of an article but regretfully I have not succeeded. The section or sections I mean relate to the Bani Utbah or the Uttub section and the history of Bahrain since 1783. The Al Khalifa family, the current Royal Family in Bahrain IS a member of the Bani Utbah tribe. The battle in Zubarah in 1782 was between the Uttub, commanded by the Al Khalifa, and their followers and Shaikh Nasr bin Mathkoor. the Al Bin Ali tribe are an important section of the Bani Utbah or the Uttub but are by no means the only one. The person who wrote those sections shows a clear ciast against the Al Khalifa family and distorts the reader by twisted and if not outright false historical facts. sources backing my claims include but are not limited to Gulf Intelligence: Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government, No XXIV, especially pages 362-425 and 564-568, The Records of Bahrain 1820-1960, Vol I 1820-1868. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Amk344 (talk • contribs) 18:36, 14 July 2009 (UTC)

Al Bin Ali Promotional
There should be some editing on the heavy "Al Bin Ali" promotion on this page. Though this family may be very important on the part of the History of Bahrain, I can see that there is continuous and redundant promoting of this family and the repeated lines regarding the purchase of some land by one of these family members in 1699. This should be only emphasized in the page pertaining to this family whereas in the history of Bahrain, it can be mentioned where the point is made that this family settled here before Al Khalifa, the current royals. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.254.193.241 (talk) 09:31, 21 October 2009 (UTC)

Trade goods of the 18th and 19th century
This article and Bahrain allude to other trade goods supporting its economy beyond slaves and pearls before the oil economy arose in the 20th century. What were the goods originating in Bahrain or were traded there in the 18th and 19th centuries? patsw (talk) 17:19, 20 February 2011 (UTC)

Iranian Revolution and social and political change
"donned by women in preference to the then popular mini-skirt" : this sounds eery to me? Is that a joke?(82.226.137.136 (talk) 08:07, 7 April 2011 (UTC))

The Dawsari Tribe in Bahrain
Shi’ites in Bahrain also known as "Baharna" are the natives who lived in the Historical Region of Bahrain, spreading north to Basra and Kuwait in addition to the East province of Saudi Arabia (Al-Hassa, Al-Qatif). The Baharna are descended from Arabian tribes who had lived in the region since pre-Islamic times; prominent among them in those times were the tribes of Banu Abdul Qays and Rabi'a.

Ṣa‘ṣa‘ah ibn Suhān and Zaid ibn Suhan (brothers) are companions of ‘Alī bin abi Talib (Prophet mohammed's cousin) from Abdul Qays Tribe. They were supporters of Ali when he was the Calipha during the first muslim civil war which divided the muslims into two parties Ali's (Shiítes) and Al-Kulafa' Al Rashdeen (Sunni's). Both of their graves lye in Bahrain and are still visited by Shi'ites to pay their respect. This was in the late 600's, Which is arround +-1200 years from what this section claims that Al Dawsari tribe first brought shi'ites to Bahrain in (1800's AD)?????

Also Maitham Al Bahrani a famous Bahrani shiíte scolar (died in 1280 AD).

The claims by the writer of this section are observe, its either that the writer never read a history book or its a poor way from him to try to re-write the history as he want's it to be. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.25.135.121 (talk) 13:27, 26 August 2011 (UTC)

Blacklisted Links Found on the Main Page
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External links modified
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Change dating system to Common Era
I will be changing the dating system on this article away from the biased, Christian based AD/BC to the common era system. This will bring the article into alignment with secular usage such as https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_India. If you object, please state why you are ok with the biased system here. Eupnevma (talk) 20:11, 3 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Before you go changing AC BC please read Manual of Style, specifically MOS:VAR. Also, instead of hundreds of discussions regarding the changes on hundreds of different talk pages, get a conversation going here: Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style. Thanks! Masterhatch (talk) 20:26, 3 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:History of Bahrain


text: Category:Society of Cyprus

title: Category:Society of Cyprus


text:
Shapiro reaction

The Shapiro reaction or tosylhydrazone decomposition is an organic reaction in which a ketone or aldehyde is converted to an alkene through an intermediate hydrazone in the presence of 2 equivalents of organolithium reagent. The reaction was discovered by Robert H. Shapiro in 1967. The Shapiro reaction was used in the Nicolaou Taxol total synthesis. This reaction is very similar to the Bamford–Stevens reaction, which also involves the basic decomposition of tosyl hydrazones.

Reaction mechanism and directionality
In a prelude to the actual Shapiro reaction, a ketone or an aldehyde (1) is reacted with p-toluenesulfonylhydrazide (2) to form a p-toluenesulfonylhydrazone (or tosylhydrazone) which is a hydrazone (3). Two equivalents of strong base such as n-butyllithium abstract the proton from the hydrazone (4) followed by the less acidic proton α to the hydrazone carbon (5), forming a carbanion. The carbanion then undergoes an elimination reaction producing a carbon–carbon double bond and ejecting the tosyl anion, forming a diazonium anion (6). This diazonium anion is then lost as molecular nitrogen resulting in a vinyllithium species (7), which can then be reacted with various electrophiles, including simple neutralization with water or an acid (8).

 * Shapiro Reaction.png

The reaction's directionality is controlled by the stereochemistry of the hydrazone, with deprotonation occurring cis to the tosylamide group. This is due to coordination by the nitrogen atom.

Scope
The position of the alkene in the product is controlled by the site of deprotonation by the organolithium base. In general, the kinetically favored, less substituted site of differentially substituted tosylhydrazones is deprotonated selectively, leading to the less substituted vinyllithium intermediate. Although many secondary reactions exist for the vinyllithium functional group, in the Shapiro reaction in particular water is added, resulting in protonation to the alkene. Other reactions of vinyllithium compounds include alkylation reactions with for instance alkyl halides. Importantly, the Shapiro reaction cannot be used to synthesize 1-lithioalkenes (and the resulting functionalized derivatives), as sulfonylhydrazones derived from aldehydes undergo exclusive addition of the organolithium base to the carbon of the C–N double bond.

Catalytic Shapiro reaction
Traditional Shapiro reactions require stoichiometric (sometimes excess) amounts of base to generate the alkenyllithium reagents. To combat this problem, Yamamoto and coworkers developed an efficient stereoselective and regioselective route to alkenes using a combination of ketone phenylaziridinylhydrazones as arenesulfonylhydrazone equivalents with a catalytic amount of lithium amides. The required phenylaziridinylhydrazone was prepared from the condensation of undecan-6-one with 1-amino-2-phenylaziridine. Treatment of the phenylaziridinylhydrazone with 0.3 equivalents of LDA in ether resulted in the alkene shown below with a cis:trans ratio of 99.4:0.6. The ratio was determined by capillary GLC analysis after conversion to the corresponding epoxides with mCPBA. The catalyst loading can be reduced to 0.05 equivalents in the case of a 30mmol scale reaction.

The high stereoselectivity is obtained by the preferential abstraction of the α-methylene hydrogen syn to the phenylaziridine, and is also accounted for by the internal chelation of the lithiated intermediated.

A one pot in situ combined Shapiro-Suzuki reaction
The Shapiro reaction can also be combined with the Suzuki reaction to produce a variety of olefin products. Keay and coworkers have developed methodology that combines these reactions in a one pot process that does not require the isolation of the boronic acid, a setback of the traditional Suzuki coupling. This reaction has a wide scope, tolerating a slew of trisylhydrazones and aryl halides, as well as several solvents and Pd sources.

An application of the Shapiro reaction in total synthesis
The Shapiro reaction has been used to generate olefins towards to complex natural products. K. Mori and coworkers wanted to determine the absolute configuration of the phytocassane group of a class of natural products called phytoalexins. This was accomplished by preparing the naturally occurring (–)-phytocassane D from (R)-Wieland-Miescher ketone. On the way to (–)-phytocassane D, a tricyclic ketone was subjected to Shapiro reaction conditions to yield the cyclic alkene product.

title: Shapiro reaction


text:
Roger East (journalist)

Roger East (7 February 1922 – 8 December 1975) was an Australian journalist who was murdered by the Indonesian military during its invasion of East Timor in 1975.

East was a freelance journalist who worked for the Australian Associated Press (AAP). He travelled to Portuguese Timor (now known as East Timor) in October 1975, following the story of the Balibo Five, who had been killed by Indonesian soldiers just weeks before. East was captured by the Indonesian armed forces and was brought, along with many other prisoners, to the Dili waterfront where he and scores of others were then executed by firing squad.

Previously, he had worked as a publicity officer for the Australian Country Party in Queensland and had been working in Darwin as a press officer for the Darwin Reconstruction Commission (which was created after the devastation of Darwin by Cyclone Tracy in December 1974).

Early life
Born in, in western Sydney in 1922, East was raised near Dubbo in country New South Wales. He had two older brothers, Bill and Alan, and a younger sister, Glenise. East was a child of the Depression and his teenage years in the 1930s were difficult ones. During World War II, East served in the Royal Australian Navy spending most of his war service as a signalman on HMAS Burnie, a corvette, during the fall of Singapore and subsequent escort duties.

Career
After the war, East entered journalism. Working at first in regional New South Wales newspapers, in the 1950s he left Australia to cover foreign events in places as varied as Cyprus, Africa, China and the Suez Crisis. In the 1960s, he went to work for Visnews (today Reuters Television) and as editor of an English language newspaper in Spain. East was quoted as stating that he experienced more freedom of the press in Spain under Franco than in Australia under Menzies. In the early 1970s he worked as a press officer for different organisations including both the Australian Country Party and the Australian Labor Party.

Investigating the Balibo Five
At the time of East's arrival, East Timor was under the de facto government of Fretilin, a left-wing political party. The Portuguese governor had fled to the island of Atauro and was refusing to return to the capital, Dili. Fretilin issued a Unilateral declaration of independence from Portugal on 28 November 1975.

East was one of only three journalists in Timor — the other two were Michael Richardson, the South-East Asia correspondent for The Age and Jill Jolliffe, a freelancer who was then working for Reuters. When it became obvious that a full-scale invasion by Indonesia was imminent, Richardson and Jolliffe left with the Red Cross and went to Darwin. East, however, decided to remain in East Timor. He planned to retreat with the Fretilin forces to the mountains in the interior and report from there to the outside world through high frequency radio transmissions. East's last report for the ABC's Correspondents Report was heard on the afternoon of 7 December 1975.

He was captured by the Indonesians before he could get away. Eyewitnesses later reported that East was brought, along with many other prisoners, to the Dili waterfront, where he and scores of others were then executed by firing squad.

Following an inquest into the murder of the Balibo Five, there were calls for a similar inquest into the murder of East.

Media
In Timothy Mo's novel The Redundancy of Courage, the character Bill Mabbely is based upon Roger East.

Anthony LaPaglia starred as East in the 2009 Australian feature film Balibo, which tells the story of the Balibo Five. The film was co-written by David Williamson and Robert Connolly and was based upon Cover-Up, a book by Jolliffe, as well as the work of Clinton Fernandes, who served as the film's historical consultant.

title: Roger East (journalist)


text:
Talk:Deathmatch Classic

HL1:DM Source
"Also includes two multiplayer games: Half-Life 2 Deathmatch and Half-Life 1 Deathmatch: SourceTM."

It's official.

 * HL1:DM is an entirely different mod from DMC.

 * How can you prove that?

 * Try playing either of the two, see the difference.

 * Or, to add to this illustrious conversation, you could examine the Steam listings for these different games. Each are independent of the other. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.239.183.126 (talk) 21:48, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

 * To further "prove" it one can look at the release dates. HL1:DM is simply Half-Life's original multi-player mode which was part of the game when it was released in 1998.  DMC didn't come out until years later (the 2001 Half-Life patch described in this article).  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.247.221.200 (talk) 04:18, 27 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Just look here to see proof: http://store.steampowered.com/app/40/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.137.64.249 (talk) 02:35, 21 December 2010 (UTC)

Fixed a load of issues and cleaned it up.

Valve Task Force Re-vitalization
Attention, all contributors to the Valve Task Force and the articles it constitutes!

I am here to announce that I will be re-vitalizing the Valve Task Force, aimed at universally improving articles constituting Valve Corporation, their employees, associates and products. This specific task force has been dormant for quite some time and with two very notable releases coming out this year, I feel like this is the appropriate time to re-stimulate the general aim of this group. For those who are not already members of the Valve Task Force, feel free to add your name to our members list and contribute to whatever articles you feel your contributions may prove beneficial for. Valve, its products and notable employees have proven to be essential to the progression of the video game industry, so I'd like to make a call of arms for this cause. D arth B otto talk•cont 22:13, 08 February 2011 (UTC)

Redirect
If we have no reviews for this game and only a handful of mentions/announcements, it would be best covered in its parent section: Half-Life_(video_game). When I looked, I saw nothing more than a paragraph in Internet Archive 2001-era magazines. czar 14:47, 13 October 2016 (UTC)
 * czar this is not a third party mod, neither is Ricochet, these are both primary releases from Valve.  Valoem   talk   contrib  21:45, 13 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Being a primary release is not part of notability guidelines though. There's no reviews or real coverage of the game, regardless of it being primary or third party. -- ferret (talk) 21:47, 13 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Wrong, primary releases are notable and are always covered significantly in reliable sources. I have added sources which show notability. Valoem   talk   contrib  21:49, 13 October 2016 (UTC)
 * I think you might be confusing WP:V and WP:N? No one is denying the existence of the game, but the three sources you added barely make a passing mention of the game. There's no coverage or discussion in any of them about Deathmatch Classic. They definitely do not support notability. Being a first-party release from a developer is not part of any notability guideline. -- ferret (talk) 21:52, 13 October 2016 (UTC)
 * These games have been accessed on over 10 million PCs, it is included with any purchase of Half Life. There are tons more sources online, if you think this won't survive AfD go for it. Valoem   talk   contrib  21:53, 13 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Here is great source GameSpot which lists both of these games as 37% of Steam games never played. Anyone who owns Half Life has a copy to this primary release, please use discretion, try searching for more sources they could be easily added. I split the article due to overwhelming notability. Valoem   talk   contrib  21:56, 13 October 2016 (UTC)
 * AfD is a waste of time for this because no one is arguing for its deletion. We don't have more than a small paragraph's worth of sourced text to write about this topic (no reviews, all mentions, etc.) In those cases, we merge the content to a parent article that can support the paragraph. If more sources appear, we can always merge it back to its own article. WP:Due weight czar  00:42, 14 October 2016 (UTC)
 * I would recommend rereading WP:Due weight, this only applies to text within articles implying that the text gives a specific POV undue weight. Due weight is not a reason for merger or deletion it is for balancing NPOV within an article. The only requirement for this as a stand alone is reliable sources. Both games are not the same thing therefore merging it into one article is in fact WP:UNDUE.

 * "Neutrality requires that each article or other page in the mainspace fairly represent all significant viewpoints that have been published by reliable sources, in proportion to the prominence of each viewpoint in the published, reliable sources.[3] Giving due weight and avoiding giving undue weight means that articles should not give minority views or aspects as much of or as detailed a description as more widely held views or widely supported aspects. Generally, the views of tiny minorities should not be included at all, except perhaps in a "see also" to an article about those specific views. For example, the article on the Earth does not directly mention modern support for the Flat Earth concept, the view of a distinct minority; to do so would give undue weight to it." Valoem   talk   contrib  02:30, 14 October 2016 (UTC)

Ars Technica: "Buried in a leaked folder called "wmods" (in a subfolder named "3wave") was a level pack for Half-Life's Deathmatch Classic containing replicas of all the official maps from the Quake Threewave mod." Eurogamer: "Valve's Threewave was buried within a leaked folder called "wmods", in a subfolder called "3wave". It's a level pack for Half-Life's Deathmatch Classic, and includes remakes of the maps from the Quake Threewave mod." GameSpot: "Counter-Strike: Source, Half-Life 2: Deathmatch, Left 4 Dead 2, Counter-Strike, Half-Life 2, Portal, Counter-Strike: Condition Zero, Day of Defeat, Deathmatch Classic, Ricochet, Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, Day of Defeat: Source, Portal 2, and Half-Life 2: Episode One.""
 * (1) Do you contest my original statement that there is an insufficient amount of secondary, reliable coverage to write a detailed article on this topic? (2) The NPOV issue, if you must make it into one, is that we do not cover this subject in any depth if we cannot reliably source a Reception, Development, or Gameplay section. If all that we have are the websites that you added, we can do no authoritative justice to the topic (mind that I had actually read and reviewed those sources before I first redirected this article months ago). czar  04:08, 14 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes I disagree with everything, there are enough sources added, including a source which says this game is on the 37% of Steam games that everyone has, but no longer plays. I feel like these sources are a good start, but MANY more can be added for both games. But before you decided to add sources or merge we should use discretion to determine which path is better. For two games that can be accessed by 10 million PCs at any time, common sense would suggest sources should be added, and the article unmerged. Are suggesting games played by over 10 million people at one point, can be non-notable? Valoem   talk   contrib  16:39, 14 October 2016 (UTC)
 * If nothing has been written about them, yes. I'd take another look at this. The article is about games owned but never played (not "lo longer played"), meaning that it came in a bundle and went unplayed. But even still, Deathmatch Classic is just a minor entry among all the other Half-Life 2-related entries... and that does not confer notability (only significant coverage does). The second part of the above quote would only indicate that this mod is on par with other free-to-play downloads that were added to personal inventories but never played—which is to say that it indicates nothing on its own. We don't base notability on these custom measures. It always goes back to what I originally said—whether we have enough sources to write a full treatment of the topic. If not, we merge.  czar  16:47, 14 October 2016 (UTC)
 * That's the same thing as merging Eva Bruan to World War II. Look at what you are saying, first it was not minor release, it was a major release at the time look at 2001 sources, and it was release with Half Life, which is the most influential game in FPS (and one of the most influential games of all time). Being release with Half Life is never trivial nor minor. Also it was release with Half Life 1 not 2. Valoem   talk   contrib  17:35, 14 October 2016 (UTC)
 * I want to point out your comment: That's what Czar is telling you. It was NOT a major release, and there isn't any major coverage from 2001 sources. Notability is not inherited. Half-Life 1's notability doesn't help Deathmatch Classic. -- ferret (talk) 17:38, 14 October 2016 (UTC)
 * It was release with Half Life 1 not 2 and yes it was a major release at the time Valve had three games HL, CS, Ricochet and this game. Valoem   talk   contrib  17:43, 14 October 2016 (UTC)
 * 1) Being a first-party release by a notable company makes a release neither major nor notable in any way, as notability is not inherited. 2) "Possible players" do not make up the actual number of players, which is fairly small, and regardless of its size, no significant coverage means no article, as notability is required. On a side note, due to Steam package 0, Synergy can be played by over 100 million people at any point, yet the article is redirected to List of Source engine mods. 3) None of the three sources added have any information available on the game, they only state a quick fact or its name once:
 * "All mentions of the game from given citations:

 * Clearly, none of these sources state anything besides Threewave burial inside its code, the game's non-players, and the entities existence. Since the only other source is primary, and only handles information on the OS X and Linux ports, nothing on this article can be properly solved, which again results in lacking significant coverage (or, heck, any coverage) and notability. Therefore I contest keeping this article and redirect as intended by . Lordtobi  ( ✉ ) 22:39, 14 October 2016 (UTC)

Fortunately, those are not the only sources that exist, Load the Game, Giant Bomb, Kit Guru all of which cover this topic as a major release in bundle, Destructoid, this coverage can certainly defer this article to AfD, a merge is not appropriate. Valoem  talk   contrib  22:54, 18 October 2016 (UTC) Kit Guru: "The Valve complete pack has gone through a few iterations over the years but right now it includes the Team Fortress games, the Counter-Strike games, all of the Half-Life titles, Ricochet, Deathmatch Classic, the Left4Dead games and finally, the two Portal titles.""
 * ...those are patently unreliable sources: three unreliable blog posts and a user-submitted wiki. Not only would those sources not count towards notability but they wouldn't be appropriate within the article either. I assumed you would know that if you're making such an elaborate argument. Reliable sources has much more on what constitutes a reliable source and WP:VG/RS has even more specific sources. czar  23:49, 18 October 2016 (UTC)
 * In addition to czar, the two "articles" still only put the game among a list of others:
 * "Load the Game: "You’ll get Counter Strike: Global Offensive, Portal and Portal 2, Left 4 Dead and Left 4 Dead 2, Team Fortress Classic, Team Fortress 2, Counter Strike, Counter Strike: Source, Counter Strike: Condition Zero, Day of Defeat, Day of Defeat: Source, Half Life 2, Half-Life 2, Half-Life 2: Deathmatch, Half-Life 2: Lost Coast, Half-Life 2: Episode One and Episode Two, Half-Life, Half-Life: Blue Shift, Half-Life: Opposing Force, Half-Life Deathmatch: Source, Half-Life Source, Ricochet and lastly, Deathmatch Classic."

 * Giant Bomb, alike MobyGames, only includes user-submitted content, which is just as much unsourced. The Destructoid source is, as czar correctly says, a community blog, even if the information is valid, it only points out that something was censored in the game; a nice little fact to add to the article, but not noteworthy seeing the origin of the fact: Off a community blog. No source, how improper it might be, implied significance of the entity, and nothing of it applies to significant coverage. Please don't try to defend this article with your life, just let the redirect happen, as there is enough evidence that the entity is not notable enough. Lordtobi  ( ✉ ) 10:14, 19 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Lordtobi ( ✉ ), The redirect is improper redirect will not happen. I find this sources enough per IAR we have exceptions. Anything that has been downloaded 10 million times and has been included with Half Life the most influence video game of all time is clearly notable. Use common sense and if you want a redirect I'll immediately open an AfD as that overrrides redirect discussions then editor with knowledge of the industry can make their input. Please name me a non-notable Microsoft, Square Enix, or Blizzard product. You haven't found sources because you are not looking, this game is called "Deathmatch Classic" a common term referring to a format of FPS. In the PC gaming industry Valve is at the peak. Everything they release as a primary product is notable and passes GNG. Until you open an AfD I am not going to engage other editors. Unless you feel strongly about the redirect, I would recommend you drop this, because I am never going to. Deathmatch Classic, a Valve Corporation primary release (and among their first video games) is undisputedly notable.  Valoem   talk   contrib  15:14, 19 October 2016 (UTC)
 * You don't have to blame others for content you cannot deliver, so far the significant coverage has been missing from everything ever linked by you, of which half is not even reliable. First of all, it has zero reviews, using WP:VG's custom Google search engine, you can find 10 pages that say that the game is included in the Valve Complete Pack, just like every other Valve game (it's not like they could just leave it out). Now, when you look veeeery closely, two appropriate sources state its release, hey! Now that is very nice, but not essentially significant enough to maintain a whole article. Two further sources state the free inclusion of the game in Half-Life update 1.1.0.7, but nothing comes after that. (Note: I will leave Eurogamer out as the detail is pushed into the corner, with the date also being off.) I will add the release citation, but will generally put myself on the side of czar for proposed redirection. It is your task, as defendant of this article, to prove to use that it is worth keeping. Blaming others is not a good way to do so. Lordtobi  ( ✉ ) 15:34, 19 October 2016 (UTC)
 * What does this mean? Its hard to not include major releases. This is a Valve release not an independent third party mod. Valoem   talk   contrib  16:04, 19 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Major company release ≠ Major release, that should be clear by now. If you think it is, you have to prove it, but there is no proof. You can't prove what is not true. It was released for free, and still is free to those who get Half-Life on Steam, but you have cited yourself that its playerbase is near non-existential. See, e.g. Microsoft Studios, one of the largest publishers in the scene, has a page of releases, List of Microsoft Studios video games. Now scroll down, every red link is a non-notable release by a major company, and there are enough of them. Please stop sticking to the same argumentation. Lordtobi  ( ✉ ) 16:13, 19 October 2016 (UTC)

Sigh. Yes, it should be merged; there's literally no sources for it that say anything other than "Valve included a mod with Half-Life that sort of replicated the deathmatch mode of Quake. No one plays it, but it's still in there." This is a non-notable half-life mod, even if Valve was the one to slap it together. That said, clearly Valoem is never going to stop arguing about it, so either a) just start merging it per this consensus and then block him when he inevitably reverts over and over (no one who writes something like "I would recommend you drop this, because I am never going to" will last long) or b) just take it to AfD and put in the nom statement that multiple editors have searched and can't find any more sources to justify an article, but one person has declared their intention to never stop being obstinate and blocking the merge. -- Pres N  19:43, 19 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Pres There is a clear lack of understanding, I am against the merge based on reason highlighted but specifically requested AFD for outcome as I said above. Specifically, the comment regarding "not dropping the issue", is a response to "Please don't try to defend this article with your life, just let the redirect happen", which I find to be an invalid rationale, please review my edit history regard DRV and GNG, you can see your recommendation to block me is insulting and given my history is disruptive. Please be careful how to talk to me, this could lead to an ANI and possible desysoping. Thank you.  Valoem   talk   contrib  07:45, 21 October 2016 (UTC)
 * I've undid the merge, please AfD to merge for consensus. Valoem   talk   contrib  07:53, 21 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Multiple users have proven to you that the entity is not notable any further than the content I added. PresN clearly explained why a redirect is granted and so czar did what we had to do. An AfD discussion would receive the same outcome, as the unnotability of this, and Ricochet is clear, unless you can prove it is notable, which could not thus far. Simply undoing the redirect is pure edit warring, as there was no consensus to do so. Currently, your only argumentation (as posted on czar's talk page) is that it is owned by 10 million users, truly, this is a high number, but the game was given out for free over 10 years now, the number is not surprising (research shows that it is even less than 10 million, around 7.5 million). The playerbase is, as you have cited yourself, fairly small. In fact, the peak number of people playing the game at the same time is 32, and the median play time is just seven minutes. This argument also collides with Steam package "0", the appendant given to every user of Steam (100+ million) when registering an account. Within this package is, for example, Pirates, Vikings, and Knights II. It does not have an article either, and is not notable whatsoever.
 * If you really wish for an AfD, please set it up yourself. The current consensus is "redirect", and it is most likely to stay this way. P.S.: Please not that threatening other users by reporting them, in this case without valid reason, will not help you in a discussion. Lordtobi  ( ✉ ) 11:20, 21 October 2016 (UTC)
 * If AfD results in redirect, that it fine, but the only way to find out is to try. I have some faith it may pass, I was quite irritated that you and PresN, suggest I have no argument. My arguments are that the coverage is not trivial and has been documented in multiple reliable sources. Second argument is that notability cannot be lost, also 10 million purchased regardless of time frame is not trivial. This game was commonly played till 2004, the release of HL2. Both of you have the right to disagree, however since it is the sources that are in question, I feel AfD is the best option for a final outcome. Did you want me to open an AfD to keep, seems strange, no? Valoem   talk   contrib  14:10, 21 October 2016 (UTC)
 * The little cited information is covered insignificantly in just a very few sources. You justify "significant coverage" with random articles naming DMC as one of many in the Valve Complete Bundle. If the bundle is reported on, no game can be left out. You are not debating that there is no article for Half-Life 1 Deathmatch: Source, are you?
 * There never was and haven't proven the opposite, as this is tying in with the false argument one above.
 * It was handed out for free with copies of Half-Life, and that just 7.5 million times (even if that is still much), however, owners ≠ players, all-time peak was 32 so that is pretty much nothing, also disproven by my argument on Pirates, Vikings, and Knights II, which is owned by 100+ million and still not notable.
 * You are the only one here wanting AfD, although a Redirect is perfectly reasonable and justified, as detailed by PresN. You can set up an AfD to start a discussion and oppose it with your arguments. Lordtobi  ( ✉ ) 16:30, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

There is not a consensus to merge, I dropped the issue since there was no activity, but I do have follow up sources, these two MAJOR Valve releases obviously pass our WP:GNG/VG requirements. Here is a copy of my discussion with Cunard

 * I am having issues search for sources regarding Deathmatch Classic. The is a first person shooter mod for Valve's game, Half Life one of the most influential games of all time. The game Deathmatch Classic is included with Half Life which means over 10 million people have purchased the game. Now there is a debate that the mod, a primary release from Valve, is not notable. Some editors are looking for a review of the game which exists but is hard to find due to the fact that the term "deathmatch classic" often refers to a type of combat mode in first person shooters. Because of this the term "deathmatch classic" is generic and becomes difficult to find sources specifically referring to "Deathmatch Classic" the mod. What method would you use here? Valoem   talk   contrib  08:06, 21 October 2016 (UTC)
 * (Talk page watcher) Hi WikiProject Video games/Sources has a list of recommended sources for video games. You could search on some of the sites that are listed there as reliable sources to see if they report about the topic. Also check out WP:ADVANCED, an essay I recently composed, for advanced source searching information. North America1000 07:36, 22 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Thank you, Northamerica1000. Here are three sources I found about Deathmatch Classic: this article (WebCite) from GameSpy, which is listed at WikiProject Video games/Sources; this article from GameSpot, which is listed at WikiProject Video games/Sources; and this article (WebCite) from the Czech Republic newspaper Mladá fronta DNES. Cunard (talk) 21:32, 22 October 2016 (UTC)

Cunard has provided sources which pass our GNG for video games. Valoem  talk   contrib  23:48, 30 December 2016 (UTC)
 * The Planet Half-Life GameSpy source isn't reliable. GameSpy and IGN used to host fan sites like this. The editorial team consisted of a group of volunteers and likely had no editorial oversight. So you can scratch that one. The GameSpot source says barely anything. The Czech article is rather short. Doesn't look like the topic meets WP:GNG with these additional sources. --The1337gamer (talk) 23:59, 30 December 2016 (UTC)
 * The three sources: The first one is Planet Half-Life, which is only hosted on GameSpy, is much alike a fan site, written not very objectively. The second one is already included in th current version of the article. The third one is from an unnotable, foreign-language source. Juding from its length, even if I do not speak Czech, it will likely only state "it released. it is like Quake.", also it is unaffiliated with MFDNES, which you linked to, rather it is part of iDNES, which is unnotable as well. Saying that DMC and Ricochet were major releases are your opinion, really, breaking it down there is an insufficient amount of sources, and all just state "hey, it was released today." as a kind of side-note, not a fully-fledged article, making both articles miss significant coverage by far, and neither passes GNG. Lordtobi  ( ✉ ) 00:03, 31 December 2016 (UTC)
 * There was a pretty clear consensus to redirect the articles again, I thought. -- ferret (talk) 00:09, 31 December 2016 (UTC)
 * I agree. Farm-Fresh eye.png Here's a formal merge discussion: Talk:List of GoldSrc engine mods. Pinging all participants:  czar  18:36, 3 January 2017 (UTC)

 * This was among the most popular games played on the internet at one point. This game is included in all Half Life packs. Over 10 million people have downloaded this game, though only a few remain playing it, this is a notable game. Please AfD to get proper closure. Valoem   talk   contrib  22:24, 3 January 2017 (UTC)
 * We have explained several times why AfD is the wrong forum and I won't repeat it. No one is proposing outright deletion. Please continue discussion at the formal request: Talk:List of GoldSrc engine mods. WP Video games has been notified as well. czar  23:18, 3 January 2017 (UTC)
 * No, I am saying AfD is the only forum for this type of disagreement. What we have here is a classic example of mobbing those who already formed strong opinions wish to include the discussion among those editors who already agree. To generate better consensus is to allow broader discussion, I can't fathom how this request could be unreasonable. Valoem   talk   contrib  05:44, 4 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Because starting an AfD with the goal of redirecting or merging will likely be closed on procedural grounds. AfD is for requesting complete deletion. -- ferret (talk) 13:01, 4 January 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Deathmatch Classic


text:
User talk:T.Wood

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 20:33, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:T.Wood


text:
User talk:Busterblew

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 20:33, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

McCain
Thanks for your recent edit. Sometimes things slip by.Ferrylodge (talk) 18:08, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Busterblew


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for mediation/IndoPak relations

Topic: Indo-Pak relations
Sorry, this is "out of format", but I was approached directly at here and replied at at there.

Basically, Idleguy is asking for help dealing with a.n.o.n.y.m on articles dealing with the India-Pakistan relationship. Uncle Ed 13:24, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Changed to a level three heading. Now I know you suggested Improv or SlimVirgin do it, but Improv has a case, and SlimVirgin isn't a mediator (though of course she can mediate if she wants). Ed Poor, you're the only active mediator who's not busy, so I'll be assigning you your own case ;-) R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 20:33, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Damn, Ed is on vacation. Let me look at this a bit.. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 20:42, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I left a note at User talk:SlimVirgin to see if she'd like to take it... R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 20:48, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Let me state also that although Sam Korn and Essjay don't have cases, I would prefer not to assign them a case right now as Sam Korn is going on vacation (not the wiki kind, though that comes with it I guess...) soon and Essjay is running something at WP:ESP right now. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 20:55, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * SlimVirgin actually accepted, but those who needed mediating seemed to have settled it. So I'll archive and recommend she join us if she pleases... R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 04:14, 9 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
Kenny Starfighter

Kenny Starfighter is a Swedish science fiction television series that follows the titular hero as he fights against the evil lord Dr. Deo. Although aimed at children, this show was popular with adults as well. A film, Kenny Begins, was made in 2009. In June 2022, it was announced that a new season of the series will premiere in the fall, and will take place 20 years after the first season. It began airing on September 21, 2022, and so far has only aired one episode. It is unknown if there will be any more in the second season.

Premise
Kenny Starfighter, a Galactic Hero of dubious ability, is sent to Earth to find and stop the evil Doctor Deo as the Galaxy's last hope after all other Galactic Heroes have gone MIA. Whilst in pursuit of the doctor his space-bus crashes in a small Swedish town. Here he learns that the teachers at a local school have been acting bizarrely and joins forces with some of the school children to investigate this. They find the person behind the strange behavior at the school is none other than Dr. Deo. Through their combined efforts they manage to defeat him and save Kenny's home planet Mylta.

title: Kenny Starfighter


text:
Talk:Haim Bar-Lev

Untitled
I'm a bit shaky on my Israeli history and am trying to remember who the famous general was who always wore the eye patch. News footage shows him always with an old woman who was some sort of top Israeli diplomat. Can anyone tell me who these two folks were? Thank you! -Husnock 20:33, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * That man with the eye patch was Moshe Dayan. The lady - maybe Golda Meir. (babagan@seznam.cz)

 * Thats them. Thank you! -Husnock 07:42, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 16:58, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Haim Bar-Lev


text:
Tvärbanan

Tvärbanan is a light-rail line in Stockholm, Sweden. Its name translates literally to The transverse line, as it operates crosswise to the otherwise radial metro and commuter rail lines of Stockholm. It links together several transit lines through its connections with the southern, western and northern subway branches of the Stockholm Metro (Tunnelbana) as well as three branches of the Stockholm commuter rail (Pendeltåg). The possibility to travel between southern, western and northern greater Stockholm without having to enter the city centre significantly reduces the number of transit passengers, also reducing the number of trains having to pass through the Old Town bottleneck during peak hours. Near Liljeholmen the track is shared with freight traffic for a short section, this being the only place in Sweden where freight traffic and trams share the same track.

The tramway is separated from roads in most parts, but there are sections in Gröndal, Sundbyberg and Solna where the tracks run on roads among regular road traffic. In Hammarby sjöstad the trams run in a reservation in the centre of the road rather than in mixed traffic, but there are several level crossings.

Traffic on Tvärbanan started in 2000, first between Gullmarsplan and Liljeholmen, then later between Liljeholmen and Alvik, in 2002 between Gullmarsplan and Sickla Udde, and in 2013 between Alvik and Solna centrum. It has later been extended to Solna Station (2014), Sickla (2017) and most recently, Bromma Airport (2021), the last of which being the first part of the new Kista branch. Tvärbanan was used by around 108,000 passengers per weekday in 2019.

The bridges used by Tvärbanan include Alviksbron, Gröndalsbron, Fredriksdalsbron and.

History
During the latter part of the 1980s, interest in tramway transportation grew in the Stockholm area, with various proposals emerging from both public and private sectors. One notable group, dubbed the "Tvärspårvägsgruppen" (Cross-tramway Group), comprising Asea, Skanska, VBB, and the transport consultancy firm Transek, along with PKbanken and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken, presented conceptual studies for tramway networks in Stockholm's northern and southern suburban regions. The proposed northern cross-tramway would run from Vällingby to Mörby via Hässelby, Barkarby, Akalla, and Häggvik, while the southern cross-tramway would connect Skärholmen and Skarpnäck via Huddinge and Farsta. Additionally, the "Hästskolinjen" (Horseshoe Line) was suggested in the Semi-central Belt, linking Hammarby Sjöstad to Ropsten, passing through Liljeholmen, Alvik, and Karolinska Hospital.

Stockholm County Council conducted a tramway investigation, prioritising the "Horseshoe Line" as the most economically viable route. However, during the planning phase, negotiations for the "Dennis package" an agreement for investments in rail and road infrastructure in Stockholm County, occurred simultaneously with regional infrastructure planning. The agreement reached in September 1992 only included the Horseshoe Line, now referred to as the "Snabbspårvägen" (Express Tramway). Consequently, it was incorporated into the regional plan of 1991, with land reserved in the Stockholm comprehensive plan for the line.

Construction of the Tvärbanan (Cross Tramway) began in 1996, with the segment between Gullmarsplan and Liljeholmen opening for traffic in January 2000, followed by an extension to Alvik later that year. This extension marked the first new North-South connection across lake Mälaren or the Baltic Sea in Stockholm in approximately 40 years. Another extension from Gullmarsplan to Sickla Udde in Hammarby Sjöstad opened in August 2002, facilitating efficient interchange with suburban trains from the south upon the opening of the Årstaberg station in January 2006.

The initial funding covered the Alvik-Gullmarsplan section, but financing for subsequent segments was anticipated to be resolved by 1996. However, no funding solution materialised, and the agreement dissolved in February 1997. Despite this setback, construction progressed, and in 2009, the expansion of Tvärbanan's Solna Branch commenced. This new section from Alvik to Solna Centrum opened in 2013, with the final stretch to Solna Station completed in August 2014.

Critics highlighted the high costs and technical standards of the Alvik-Solna section, which exceeded initial estimates. Nevertheless, the Tvärbanan's positive impact on commuting, especially in areas like Hammarby Sjöstad and Årstadal, led to increased frequency being required, improving from a 10-minute to a 7.5-minute service during peak hours.

From 2013 to 2017, the Tvärbanan operated as two separate lines, both designated as Line 22, with interchange available at Alvik. However the original signalling system was replaced between Sickla Udde and Alvik in 2017, with entire line reopening in August 2017 for through-traffic at Alvik. The first section Kista branch, connecting Norra Ulvsunda to Bromma Airport, commenced operations in May 2021 as Line 31, with a further extension to Kista and Helenelund currently under construction.

Lines
Tvärbanan has two lines (30 and 31). L30 with 26 stops, going from Sickla south of the Stockholm city centre through Gullmarsplan,, Liljeholmen, Gröndal, Stora Essingen, Alvik west of the city centre, and Sundbyberg to Solna. The part to Solna Centrum opened 28 October 2013, and the final part to Solna Station opened 18 August 2014. The Friends Arena can be reached within 15 minutes' walk from there. A single-stop extension from Sickla udde to Sickla opened on 2 October 2017, allowing for transfers with the Saltsjöbanan.

L31 has only 6 stops, going from the station of Alviks strand, passing through Alvik allowing for transfers to the Green line and Nockebybanan, until continuing to Bromma Flygplats. The line opened on 16 May 2021 and is planned to be extended further in the near future, with construction underway. The line runs on the same track as line 30 except for the branch to Bromma Airport itself. The nearby Bromma Blocks shopping centre is served with a new stop as well.

Main interchange options

 * Solna Station
 * Commuter rail lines 40, 41, 42
 * Solna centrum
 * Metro blue line 11
 * Sundbybergs centrum
 * Metro blue line 10
 * Commuter rail lines 43, 44
 * Alvik
 * Metro green lines 17, 18 and 19
 * Nockebybanan (light rail line 12)
 * Liljeholmen
 * Metro red lines 13 and 14
 * Årstaberg
 * Commuter rail lines 40, 41, 42, 43 and 44
 * Gullmarsplan
 * Metro green lines 17, 18 and 19
 * A large number of bus routes to Tyresö, Haninge, Årsta and Södermalm
 * Sickla
 * Saltsjöbanan (suburban rail line 25)

Rolling stock
Tvärbanan is served by tram types designated A32 and A35. The A32, Flexity Swift from Bombardier, began operating the Tvärbanan with the start in 1999. The A35, Urbos AXL from CAF was introduced in connection with the extension to Solna in October 2013. Both types are approximately 30 meters long and have 72–78 seats each,with two trams usually coupled to increase capacity, leading to a train of around 60 meters long. This compares to the 140 meter metro trains and the 214 meter commuter trains.

The trams are manned by a driver. Until June 2016, there was also a conductor on board for ticket validation. These are today replaced with ticket validators located at all stops.

Signalling system
A signalling system monitors and controls the movements of rolling stock on a rail network to ensure safe operation. Tvärbanan previously suffered from a long-standing issue of incompatible and low performing rail signalling systems. The Tvärbanan network featured multiple different signalling systems from different vendors, because when the rail line was built, the signalling systems were tendered separately for each construction stage. A visible example of this was at the Alvik station, which was a break point between two systems. Even though the line runs straight at Alvik, the same train could not be run past the station because of the incompatibility of the systems. Passengers had to switch trains there. The section south of Alvik was closed during the summer of 2017 to upgrade the signalling.

Extension
Construction on a branch line to Kista and Helenelund started in February 2018. The new branch was scheduled to open its first part to Bromma Airport in December 2020, however this was postponed, as approval from Swedavia was needed in order for the trams to be able to run past the airport. In cold weather, sparks arise from the trams' overhead contact line, which could disrupt radio signals in the air traffic control tower at Bromma Airport. Tests needed to be carried out in sub-zero temperatures to gain approval for traffic.

The first part of the new branch opened on 17 May 2021, with trams running on Line 31 between Alviks strand and Bromma flygplats.

title: Tvärbanan


text:
Scouting and Guiding in Quebec

Scouting in Quebec has a long history, from the 1900s to the present day, serving thousands of youth in programs that suit the environment in which they live.

Anglophone Scouting in Quebec
Quebec is administered by the Quebec Council of Scouts Canada, which includes the Quebec Rover Round Table.

Areas
Areas were eliminated as part of the Scouts Canada organizational structure in 2019, but they former Areas were:

 * Abenaki Area
 * Eastern (Montreal) Area
 * Ohiyo Area
 * Stoney Point Area
 * West Island area
 * Laval Larentians Area
 * Chavalla Area
 * St. Lawrence Cartierville Area
 * Kebec Area
 * St. Lawrence Appalachians Area
 * Saguenay Lac St-Jean Area
 * North Shore Area
 * Gaspé Area.

Local Groups and sections
Among Quebec's varied Scouting groups are Scouts, Sea Scouts, Beavers, Cubs, Rovers and Venturers.

Tamaracouta Scout Reserve
Tamaracouta Scout Reserve is a Scout camp located near Mille Isles, Quebec. The camp, which claims to be the oldest continuously-operating Scout camp in the world, is situated on 1000 acres (4 km²) of forest in the Laurentian Mountains. It is owned and operated by Scouts Canada, Quebec Council. The camp is open year-round and offers a staff summer camp program.

The camp opened in 1912 with funds provided by a group of generous citizens led by Colonel E.A. Whitehead. Originally a farm, the property formerly belonged to the Dawson family of Mille Isles. The name Tamaracouta comes from two sources. There are a large number of Tamarack trees located on the property. The word couta meaning body of water in a First Nations language.

After World War I, the camp decided to adopt a Hudson's Bay Company theme. Since that time, campsites have been named after the HBC Trading Posts. Staff positions also take HBC names, such as Camp factor instead of Camp Director.

The Tamaracouta Scout Reserve hosted the 11th Canadian Scout Jamboree, in July 2007, with 10,000 campers.

Knights of Tamara
The Knights of Tamara is an honour camping society formed in 1933. The Knights recognize outstanding campers who have shown devotion to Camp Tamarcouta during summer camp. As of 2005, over 3500 campers have become Knights. To become a Knight, a camper must meet certain requirements, such as having camped at TSR for a certain amount of time, being at least 14 years old by the end of the calendar year in which they are being knighted and be nominated by their peers. If their nomination is approved, they become a squire at a ceremony near the beginning of their week of camp. During the week, they must complete a work vigil, and an overnight vigil which consists of sleeping out alone one night in the woods, and also learning the words to "Hail Tamaracouta", a traditional song among other tasks. Squires are easily recognized by the purple ring of indelible mystery ink (referred to as squire juice) painted on the face in a circle passing between the eyes and the hairline, between ears and eyes, and circling through the uppermost part of the chin. Squires must present themselves for "ringing" each morning at a very specific time; being late one day earns the squire a purple dot on the nose and two days earns them a purple chinstrap followed by one of many other decorations such as a second inner ring, a fully purple nose or any design of the ringer's discretion. If a squire misses a "ringing" for a poor reason, break camp rules, or act in a fashion unbecoming of a squire, they may be stripped of their squire status.

Originally, at the end of the week, squires were presented for the last time in a special public ceremony which included a Joust by pairs of squires on a canvas tarp using first lard and then coco, the winner being the least covered in coco. The lard and coco jousts were stopped after females were invited to become Knights and to conform with Scouts Canada strict anti hazing policy. Initially, this style of jousting was replaced by a joust involving padded staffs used by 2 squires on a log, however, recently, around 2014, the joust was once again changed to 3 rounds of combat with padded longsword, padded shortsword and shield, and the option of either padded sword with shield or 2 padded swords. Following the joust, there are other steps, including the final "Second Ceremony", which is for Knights only. Knights wear a bracelet with a large black bead tied with a piece of leather string around the right wrist. After twelve years, the knight is entitled to wear a silver bead. Only a silver bead knight can become a Grand Knight (master of ceremonies). At founding in 1933, and for several decades thereafter, knights were given a colored bead reflecting the season in which they had become knighted.

WOSM member association

 * Association des Scouts du Canada is the largest francophone association in Canada. Their head office is located in Montreal. Its 13,000+ members are divided into several districts depending on the regions where they are located. The district of "Scout du Montréal Métropolitain" is currently the largest one with over 3000 members.

UIGSE member associations

 * Association Evangélique du Scoutisme au Québec
 * Federation of North-American Explorers (FNE)

Independent associations
There are also a number of independent Scouting associations active in Quebec. Among them are:

 *  Association des Aventuriers de Baden Powell or Adventurer Association of Baden Powell, a bilingual association also active in several other provinces, ±1500 members
 *  Association de Scoutisme d'Actions

Girl Guiding in Quebec
Guides are served by the Girl Guides of Canada-Guides du Canada.

Girl Guide Camp WaThikAne (pronounced wahtickani) is situated on Lac Bouchette, 96 kilometres north of Montreal, near the town of Morin Heights, Quebec. In operation since 1926, WaThikAne has 6 fully equipped campsites, 2 equipped pioneer campsites and a fully equipped (partially heated) lodge. The main camp area is suitable for day or overnight for any age group. All camp users have access to the large activity room in the lodge.

title: Scouting and Guiding in Quebec


text: Category talk:1990 Atlantic hurricane season


text: Category talk:1989 Atlantic hurricane season


text:
Talk:Tom Woods

intended as part of the first section of the article
Woods was a co-founder and member of pro-secession neo-confederate League of the South   and he wrote different articles for the Southern Patriot (the official magazine of the LoS). Woods has also contributed articles for the Chronicles (publication of the Rockford Institute)  and the Southern Partisan   called by the SPLC "arguably the most important neo-Confederate periodical".

Poorly sourced and biased to convict before proper investigation
Article needs a good scrub by someone with time who is not trying to make a political point. 83.190.90.240 (talk) 21:03, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tom Woods