text:
Paris sewers

The sewers of the French capital Paris date back to the year 1370 when the first underground system was constructed under Rue Montmartre. Consecutive French governments enlarged the system to cover the city's population, including expansions under Louis XIV and Napoleon III, and modernisation programs in the 1990s under Mayor Jacques Chirac. The system has featured in popular culture through its existence, including Victor Hugo's 1862 novel, Les Misérables, and H. L. Humes' 1958 novel The Underground City.

History
Until the Middle Ages, the drinking water in Paris was taken from the river Seine. The wastewater was poured onto fields or unpaved streets, and finally filtered back into the Seine. Around 1200, Phillipe Auguste had the Parisian streets paved, incorporating a drain for wastewater in their middle. In 1370 Hugues Aubriot, a Parisian provost had a vaulted, stone-walled sewer built in the "rue Montmartre". This sewer collected the wastewater and took it to the "Menilmontant brook". However, the wastewater was still drained in the open air.

Under the reign of Louis XIV, a large ring sewer was built on the right bank, and the river Bièvre was used as a sewer for the left bank of the Seine. On at least two occasions in the late 1700s, Paris refused to build an updated water system that scientists had studied. Women were actually carrying water from the river Seine to their residences in buckets. Voltaire wrote about it, saying that they "will not begrudge money for a Comic Opera, but will complain about building aqueducts worthy of Augustus". Louis Pasteur himself lost three children to typhoid. Under Napoleon I, the first Parisian vaulted sewer network was built. It was 30 km long.

In 1855, as a part of his plan to improve the sanitation and traffic circulation in Paris, Napoleon III ordered the construction of new boulevards, aqueducts and sewers. His prefect for the Seine, Baron Haussmann, and the engineer Eugène Belgrand, designed the present Parisian sewer and water supply networks. Thus was built, more than a century ago, a double water supply network (one for drinking water and one for non drinking water) and a sewer network that was 600 km long in 1878. From 1880 to 1913, efforts were taken to connect Parisian buildings to the sewers (they were most at the time "connected to the city's clean water network and the rest had access to free neighborhood taps (fontaines)"). By 1914, 68% of all buildings in Paris had direct connections to the sewer. Research shows that this contributed to a decline in mortality.

From Belgrand to the present
Belgrand's successors went on extending the Parisian network: from 1914 to 1977, more than 1000 km of new sewers were built.

At the end of World War I, the 50 km² of sewage fields were no longer sufficient to protect the Seine. A general sewage treatment programme, designed to meet the needs for 50 years, was drawn up and became state-approved in 1935: this was the beginning of industrial sewage treatment.

The aim was to carry all the Parisian wastewater to the Achères treatment plant using a network of effluent channels. Since then, the Achères plant has continued to grow. At the end of 1970, it was one of the biggest sewage treatment plants in Europe. Its actual capacity is more than 2 million cubic metres per day.

This programme has been gradually upgraded: modernization of the Achères and Noisy-le-Grand (a small station farther upstream) facilities, construction of a new plant at Valenton, and expansion of the Colombes experimental station.

Modernization now and in the future
The aims of the modernization programme launched by the Mayor of Paris in 1991 were: to protect the Seine from storm overflow pollution by reducing the amount of untreated water discharged directly into the Seine, to reinforce the existing sewers, to enable the network to function better.

This project, which is costing an estimated 152 million euros over the first 5 years, will include:

 * the refurbishing of the old sewers in bad condition,
 * the renovation of pumping stations,
 * the construction of new sewers,
 * the installation of measuring devices and automated flow control management,
 * the improving of the management of solid waste and grit,
 * the development of the computerised network management system.

The sewer in fiction
The sewer system is described in Victor Hugo's 1862 novel, Les Misérables (Part 5, Jean Valjean; Book II, The Intestine of the Leviathan, ch.1, The Land Impoverished by the Sea): "...Paris has another Paris under herself; a Paris of sewers; which has its streets, its crossings, its squares, its blind alleys, its arteries, and its circulation, which is slime, minus the human form", and also appears in a scene near the end of the musical based on the novel.

The sewer system plays a key part in H. L. Humes' 1958 novel, The Underground City. Humes, an American novelist, was a cofounder of the Paris Review.

The sewer features in a section of Max Brook's World War Z. Many people fled to the sewers to escape the dead, but were followed, leaving one of the most dangerous campaigns of the "war".

In the American television show The Honeymooners episode "The Man from Space", broadcast 31 December 1955, sewer worker Ed Norton comes in dressed as an 18th-century fop, and announces that he will win the Raccoon lodge costume ball because he is dressed as "Pierre Francois de la Brioski, designer of the Paris sewers." Norton later corrected himself and said he found out that Brioski was the man who "condemned the Paris sewers."

Museum
The Paris Sewer Museum (Musée des Égouts de Paris) is dedicated to the sewer system of Paris. Tours of the sewage system have been popular since the 1800s and are currently conducted at the sewers. Visitors are able to walk upon raised walkways directly above the sewage itself. The entrance is near the Pont de l'Alma.

title: Paris sewers


text:
And She Closed Her Eyes

And She Closed Her Eyes is the second studio album by Swedish singer-songwriter Stina Nordenstam. It was released on Telegram Records Stockholm in 1994.

In 2013, And She Closed Her Eyes was named the best Swedish album ever by the Swedish music magazine Sonic.

Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.

 * Stina Nordenstam – vocals, guitar, production
 * Erik Holmberg – keyboards, guitar, drums, percussion, production
 * Mats Lindfors – guitar (6), recording, mix engineering
 * Sara Hammarström – flute
 * Martin Green – saxophone
 * Johan Hörlén – saxophone
 * Jocke Milder – saxophone
 * Jon Hassell – trumpet
 * Fleshquartet – strings
 * Johan Norberg – guitar
 * Jonas Arlert – guitar
 * Popsicle – guitar, bass guitar, vocals
 * Lars Danielsson – bass guitar
 * Sten Forsman – bass guitar
 * Simon Nordell – vocals
 * Joakim Ljungberg Isaksson – vocals
 * Carl Slettengren – vocals
 * Christer Linder – vocals
 * Kent (Gillström) Isaacs – vocals, instruments, co-production (6)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: And She Closed Her Eyes


text:
I-52-class submarine

The Type C3 submarine (巡潜丙型改潜水艦), also called I-52-class submarine (伊五十二型潜水艦) were operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed and built by Mitsubishi Corporation, between 1943 and 1944, as cargo carriers.

The Japanese constructed only three of these during World War II, although twenty were planned.

 * JAPANESE SUBMARINE I-52 was laid down on 18 March 1942, and she was commissioned on 28 December 1943 into the 11th Submarine Squadron. After training in Japan she was selected for a Yanagi (exchange) mission to Germany. She was sunk on 24 June 1944 by aircraft from USS Bogue (CVE-9) 800 mi southwest of the Azores. Her cargo consisted of rubber, gold, quinine, and Japanese engineers to Germany.
 * JAPANESE SUBMARINE I-53 survived the war, but she was scuttled by the US Navy off the Gotō Islands in 1946.
 * JAPANESE SUBMARINE I-55 was sunk after three months in commission by destroyer USS Gilmer (DD-233) and destroyer escort USS William C. Miller (DE-259) off Saipan on 14 July 1944.

title: I-52-class submarine


text:
Talk:Chris Clark (singer)

Untitled
Chris Clark is also the name of an electronic artist on Warp Records. His debut album was called Clarence Park.

Fair use rationale for Image:Chris clark resized.jpg
Image:Chris clark resized.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 06:43, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

Will the real "white Negress" please stand up?
Are you sure Chris Clark was dubbed the "white Negress"? The liner notes to the 3-CD Dusty Springfield Anthology (U.S.) say that Cliff Richard called Springfield the "white Negress". Unless someone can provide a reference to the Clark claim, I think this should corrected in the entry. (I'm waiting...) Kinkyturnip (talk) 16:16, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Chris Clark (singer). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110715062424/https://www.pelicanart.com/chrisclark/ to https://www.PelicanArt.com/chrisclark

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:46, 23 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Chris Clark (singer). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130515080839/http://www.vinylnet.co.uk/record-label-discographies.asp/id/50 to http://www.vinylnet.co.uk/record-label-discographies.asp/id/50

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:55, 7 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chris Clark (singer)


text:
File:EVZONES STANDING GAURD.JPG

Summary
Evzones in Athens guarding the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

title: File:EVZONES STANDING GAURD.JPG


text:
Acacia quadrimarginea

Acacia quadrimarginea, commonly known as granite wattle or spreading wattle, is a tree in the family Mimosaceae. Endemic to Western Australia, it occurs through arid south-central Western Australia. It is common on granite, but also occurs on sand and clay, and is often seen along creeklines in rocky hills.

Granite wattle grows as a small tree up to six metres high, and often wider than it is high. Like most Acacia species, it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. These are green with a faint red margin, up to ten centimetres long, and slightly curved. The flowers are yellow, and held in cylindrical clusters. The pods are four sided and thick, up to fifteen centimetres long.

title: Acacia quadrimarginea


text:
Lochmaddy

Lochmaddy (Loch nam Madadh, "Loch of the Hounds") is the administrative centre of North Uist in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Na Madaidhean (the wolves/hounds) are rocks in the bay after which the loch, and subsequently the village, are named. Lochmaddy is within the parish of North Uist.

Geography
Lochmaddy lies on the sea loch of that name and, due to the rocky nature of the coast, is the only settlement of any size on the east coast. Most of the island's settlements are on the west coast. Lochmaddy is at the eastern end of the A865 and close to the eastern end of the A867; these are the only two main roads on the island.

History
Virtually the first mention anywhere of Lochmaddy is a complaint of "piracie and murder" in a report dated 1616: "Lochmaldie on the coast of Uist is a rendezvous for pirates" it said. The coves and inlets around the village were ideal hiding places for raiding ships stocked with fine goods bound for the clan chiefs of the time, and contraband activity persisted until the modern era.

Lochmaddy was an important fishing community before the commercial decline of the herring. During the reign of King Charles it was the site of a Royal Fishing Station.

Economy
Nowadays, the same good harbour makes Lochmaddy the ferry port for the island, with the MV Hebrides plying the route to Skye. The commercial activity of shops and public building has been generated due to the port activity, and today the village has the only bank, courthouse, tourist information office and youth hostel on North Uist. Lochmaddy hospital closed in March 2001. It was replaced by the newly opened Ospadal Uibhist agus Bharraigh (Uist and Barra Hospital) in Balivanich, Benbecula.

The current laird of North Uist, Fergus Granville, lives at Callernish House, near Lochmaddy.

title: Lochmaddy


text:
Talk:EMC E3

First units
The first EMC E3A was demonstrator #822 completed on September 12, 1938. See A. J. Kristopans EMD Serial Number Home Page http://community-1.webtv.net/ajkristopans/PASSENGERUNITS/. Regular production started in March 1939 as noted in the article and in the Second Diesel Spotter's Guide. The demonstrator was sold to KCS as their #1 on 7/31/39. See Diesel Era Nov-Dec 1999 for more E3 data. --SSW9389 14:57, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

ACL E3A #501 built 11/19/39, was wrecked before delivery to ACL, returned to EMC and rebuilt as an E6A. Diesel Era Nov-Dec 1999. --SSW9389 15:00, 24 October 2005 (UTC) A further note on ACL #501: The rebuilt unit appears to have kept its 567 U-deck engines, but the electrical specification is the same as later deliveries of ACL E6As. Information from the January 1, 1959 EMD Product Data. --SSW9389 (talk) 23:12, 19 July 2019 (UTC)

Just a historian's note here, but all GM locomotives built prior to 1941 were built by the Electro-Motive Corporation (EMC). The Electro-Motive Division (EMD) was formed on January 1, 1941 with the merger of the Winton Engine Company with EMC.

infobox, ref
has C&NWRy drawings and spec sheets for their #5001A, that’s where most of this comes from. Sammy D III (talk) 02:19, 26 August 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:EMC E3


text: Template:Niceland

title: Template:Niceland


text: User:J square

title: User:J square


text:
Pleshey

Pleshey is a historic village and civil parish in the Chelmsford district, in the county of Essex, England, 6 mi north-west of Chelmsford. The Normans built a motte-and-bailey castle in the late 11th century; the motte is one of the largest of its kind in Great Britain. It was besieged several times during the Barons' Wars and rebellions in the 13th century.

History
William the Conqueror gave Pleshey, in the parish of High Easter (southwest of Braintree), to Geoffrey de Mandeville. At Pleshey, Mandeville built his caput (centre of administration and main home) of the many villages in Essex given to him by the king. Later, his grandson, another Geoffrey, was made Earl of Essex by King Stephen.

For a long time, Pleshey Castle was an important place in English history. Through inheritance, Pleshey Castle became the main castle of Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford, and his wife, Maud, sister and heiress of William de Mandeville, Earl of Essex. From this marriage de Bohun's son Humphrey became Earl of Essex (27 Aug 1236) as well as Earl of Hereford and Hereditary Constable of England. Generations of de Bohuns resided here, with Pleshey as their caput manor. Humphrey de Bohun VIII (4th Earl of Hereford and 3rd of Essex (1275?-1322) on 14 Nov. 1302 married Elizabeth, the daughter of Edward I, King of England. Some of their children were born at Pleshey. Humphrey VIII was killed at the Battle of Boroughbridge in 1322, rebelling against King Edward II.

In 1327, Pleshey Castle became the primary residence of Humphrey VIII's eldest surviving son, John de Bohun, created Earl of Hereford and Essex. He died in 1336 without an heir and the castle passed to his brother, Humphrey IX, Earl of Hereford and Essex (d. 1361). The youngest of the brothers, William de Bohun (d. 1360), became the leading commander of the early part of the Hundred Years War, devising the tactics that won English victories at the Battle of Morlaix (1342), the Battle of Crecy (1346), and the Siege of Calais (1347), and was created Earl of Northampton.

Humphrey IX never married and Pleshey was inherited in 1361 by William's son and heir, Humphrey de Bohun X (b. 1342), last male heir of the direct line. This Humphrey inherited both his uncle's and his father's titles and became Earl of Hereford, Essex, and Northampton. His only heirs at his death on 13 January 1373 were two young daughters, Eleanor and Mary.

Between 1361 and 1384 a group of Augustinian friars created the de Bohun manuscripts at Pleshey Castle; eleven books, one of them a Psalter, celebrating Mary de Bohun's marriage to Henry Bolingbroke, the future Henry IV, King of England. The Mary de Bohun Psalter is now in the Fitzwilliam Museum. Mary, who died before her husband became king, was the mother of Henry V, of Agincourt fame.

The castle then passed (through the marriage of Eleanor) to Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, the youngest son of Edward III. His nephew, Richard II, outraged by his uncle's opposition, had him arrested at Pleshey and taken to France. Two years later the Duke of Exeter was taken to Pleshey Castle and executed for plotting against the king.

Pleshey Castle's claim to fame includes Shakespeare's play Richard II, in which Thomas of Woodstock's widow asks for a visit from Edmund of York:

 * Bid him – O, what?
 * With all good speed at Plashy [sic] visit me.
 * Alack, and what shall good old York there see,
 * But empty lodgings and unfurnished walls,
 * Unpeopled offices, untrodden stones?

(Richard II, Act 1, Scene 2, Lines 65–69)

Pleshey Castle
Pleshey Castle's earliest documentary reference dates from 1143, but archaeological excavation has shown that the castle was most likely completed between 1096 and 1106. It was a motte and bailey castle, which consisted of a wooden palisade and tower on a high man-made hill (motte) surrounded by two baileys (castle yard or ward) from its inception, and which at some time in the castle's early history was surrounded by a moat. The earthworks of the motte and south bailey are still extant and intact, whilst the outline of the north bailey (levelled in the 13th century and now buried beneath the modern village) can still be seen in the semi-circular street plan of the village.

The motte at Pleshey dates from c.1100, is about 15 metres high, and is one of the largest mottes in England. The medieval earthworks themselves have survived intact due to them having never been rebuilt in stone.

The castle was dismantled in 1158 when Henry II returned the de Mandeville lands to Geoffrey III, but was subsequently rebuilt in 1167 by William II de Mandeville, which was completed following the same plan as before yet including a massively enlarged rampart enclosing the south bailey.

During the civil war that followed King John's rejection of Magna Carta, Pleshey Castle was seized by a detachment of the king's army on Christmas Eve of 1215, then subsequently recaptured by the rebel barons in the winter of 1216/7. On both occasions, it surrendered without a siege. Obsolete and demonstrably indefensible against a major attack, it became the main residence of the de Bohun family in 1227/8.

Archaeological excavation has found: a chapel at the west end of the south bailey; the hall with its adjoining kitchen, pantry and buttery to the east; storehouses ranged around a kitchen yard accessible from the main gate to the north of the hall; a range of large private chambers (or 'revealing chambers' i.e. audience chambers) above a wardrobe and other storerooms to the west of the hall, which dates to 1421–1483 when the castle became part of the Duchy of Lancaster's estate); and a stone-built gatehouse at the south end of the bridge, the upper room of which can be identified as the Queen's chamber in building accounts (occupied by Eleanor de Bohun). The completion of these buildings has been dated to the late 14th century and are attributed to the de Bohuns and Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester.

The keep's great hall has also been located, whilst other ranges are thought to represent 'en suite' accommodation, each with their own fireplace and privy. That next to the high end of the hall would originally have been that of the lord and lady.

By the mid-15th century, the building accounts describe the great hall as the "stranger's hall", suggesting that the keep may have become guest accommodation. This could be because it was replaced in function; evidence of facility duplication exists with late-medieval halls present in both the keep and the south bailey.

The final renovation of the keep was carried out on the orders of Margaret of Anjou, wife of Henry VI, in 1458–1459, where the keep is referred to as a "tower" and was mainly built from the timber of at least 29 oaks, finished in flint, and later brick, facades. This renovation was completed by the building of the brick bridge over the moat between 1477–1480.

Pleshey Castle decayed and became derelict by the mid-16th century, with the motte then used as a rabbit warren; the extant bridge only survives as it was recommended by the Duchy of Lancaster's surveyors to be retained to offer access to this warren.

The castle was sold by Queen Elizabeth I in 1559. Most of the masonry was dismantled for building material in 1629 leaving just the earthworks of the motte and outer baileys.

Village
Although the village has traditionally been an agricultural community, many modern residents are commuters. Pleshey still has a village hall, playing field, tennis court and children's play area but the local shop and post office have closed. The attractive appearance of the village and the castle draws many visitors, especially in the summer months. Pleshey is home to the Chelmsford Diocesan House of Retreat, which was established in 1927 in a former convent for Anglican nuns. The parish church, the Church of the Holy Trinity, retains some arches from the former chapel founded in 1394, but was otherwise totally rebuilt in 1868. It is a Grade II* listed building. The 19th-century Leather Bottle Public House is Grade II listed and sits in a group of other listed houses. The population of 373 includes the separate civil parish of Mashbury.

title: Pleshey


text: Category:Olympic competitors for North Korea


text:
Frederick Scalera

Frederick Scalera (born May 27, 1958) is an American Democratic Party politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 2003 to 2011, representing the 36th Legislative District. Scalera resides in Nutley, New Jersey and has served as a member of the Board of Education of the Nutley Public Schools.

Biography
Scalera graduated from Nutley High School and Essex County College (Fire Code Technology). Scalera received an Honorary Doctorate in Humanities from Essex County College. He is the Retired Deputy Fire Chief in Nutley.

In the Assembly, Scalera served on the Homeland Security and State Preparedness Committee (as Chair), Housing and Local Government Committee and the Labor Committee. Scalera has served on the Governor's Task Force on Community Emergency Response, Citizen Corps since 2003 and on the Essex County Local Emergency Planning Council since 1991.

Scalera resigned suddenly in January 2011, and was replaced by Essex County Democrats by Kevin J. Ryan, a Nutley native. Later that year, Scalera ran for a three-year term on the Nutley Board of Education and was elected. He was seeking election to the Nutley Board of Commissioners in 2012, which is the town's chief legislative body, but did not receive enough votes to be elected.

In 2014, he received a job with New Jersey Homeland Security out of the Newark office. He left his job with New Jersey Homeland Security in September 2016 for a position in the private sector.

title: Frederick Scalera


text: Category:Cuban journalists

title: Category:Cuban journalists


text:
Top Pop Catalog Albums

Catalog Albums, previously Top Pop Catalog Albums, is a 50-position weekly albums chart produced by Billboard magazine which ranks the best-selling catalog albums in the United States, regardless of genre. Billboard defines a catalog title as one that is more than 18 months old and that has fallen below position 100 on the Billboard 200. Albums meeting these criteria are removed from the Billboard Current Albums ranking and begin a new chart run on the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart. Effectively, the Billboard Current Albums is equivalent to the Billboard 200, with the catalog titles removed.

Top Pop Catalog Albums also contains reissues of older albums. An album need not have spent any weeks on the Billboard 200 to be eligible for the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart (this occasionally occurs if an act has a breakthrough release which prompts a significant increase in sales of prior albums that were not big sellers upon their initial release).

The only exception to the "18 months old" rule pertained to holiday releases (for example, Christmas albums). A "holiday" release was initially eligible for the Billboard 200 only during its initial year of release. After its first year, a holiday-related album appeared on Top Pop Catalog Albums. Many consistent sellers made return trips to the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart each November through January.

A unique feature of the chart is the replacement of the "weeks on chart" column (a standard in Billboard's other charts) with a "total weeks" column, which is a cumulative total of weeks an album spent on both the Billboard 200 and the Top Pop Catalog Albums charts. The "total weeks" longevity record (by a large margin) is held by Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon, which has a cumulative total of over 1,600 chart weeks (more than 31 years). Its closest competitor is Bob Marley's Legend, at more than 975 weeks.

The issue dated July 11, 2009, was the first time any catalog album outsold the number-one album on the Billboard 200. Three of Michael Jackson's albums (Number Ones, The Essential Michael Jackson and Thriller) claimed positions 1-3 respectively on both the Top Pop Catalog Albums and Top Comprehensive Albums charts in the week following Jackson's death. Additionally, eight of the top nine positions on the chart were owned by Jackson, with a ninth held by a Jackson 5 hits collection.

Starting with the issue dated December 5, 2009, however, the catalog limitations – which removed albums over 18 months old, albums that have dropped below No. 100 and albums that had no currently running singles – for the Billboard 200 were lifted, turning the chart into an all-inclusive list of the 200 highest-selling albums in the country (essentially changing Top Comprehensive Albums into the Billboard 200). A new chart that keeps the previous criteria for the Billboard 200 – dubbed the Top Current Albums chart – was also introduced in the same issue.

title: Top Pop Catalog Albums


text:
Étienne Louis Geoffroy

Étienne Louis Geoffroy (October 12, 1725 – August 12, 1810) was a French entomologist and pharmacist. He was born in Paris and died in Soissons. He followed the binomial nomenclature of Carl von Linné and devoted himself mainly to beetles.

Geoffroy was the author of Histoire abrégée des Insectes qui se trouvent aux environs de Paris. Paris : Durand Vol. 1 8 + 523 pp. 10 pls (1762) and co-author with Antoine François of Entomologia Parisiensis, sive, Catalogus insectorum quae in agro Parisiensi reperiuntur ... (1785).

title: Étienne Louis Geoffroy


text: User talk:82.193.102.51

title: User talk:82.193.102.51


text:
Benita von Falkenhayn

Benita Ursula von Falkenhayn, maiden name von Zollikofer-Altenklingen (14 August 1900 – 18 February 1935) was a German baroness who served as a spy for the Second Polish Republic.

Life
Falkenhayn was born in Berlin to the noble Zollikofer family, which for centuries had held Altenklingen Castle in the Swiss Thurgau region. She first married retired Senior Lieutenant Müller-Eckhardt (1920–1922) and secondly her childhood friend, retired Senior Lieutenant Richard von Falkenhayn (1923–1930), a distant relative of World War I General Erich von Falkenhayn. She took on the name von Falkenhayn upon her second marriage. However, the couple divorced on 18 December 1930 by mutual agreement, and on 18 October 1932 she was married to the aircraft engineer Baron Josef von Berg, whereafter her name was actually Baroness Benita Ursula von Berg. This third marriage was annulled by a court on 19 October 1934, when she was already arrested, after which she re-adopted the name of her second husband.

In the late 1920s, Falkenhayn became friends with the Polish intelligence agent Major Jerzy Sosnowski, whom she had met at the horse races, and became his lover. He made her socialise with employees at the Ministry of the Reichswehr to obtain secret documents concerning the preparations for a German Invasion of Poland. At least from 1932, her activities were monitored by the Abwehr intelligence agency, and upon Sosnowki's exposure on 27 February 1934, Falkenhayn was arrested together with her friend Renate von Natzmer, his other lover. One year later, on 16 February 1935, both women were found guilty of espionage and treason in a trial at the People's Court and sentenced to death. Two days later, after appeals for clemency had been turned down, they became two of the last people in Germany to be beheaded by axe, in the courtyard of Plötzensee Prison in Berlin. In 1936, Adolf Hitler decreed that future executions should be hanging or guillotine. Their executions were carried out by Carl Gröpler and were, however, not the last by axe; the last legal manual beheading in Germany is believed to be that of Olga Bancic, in 1944 during the war.

Falkenhayn's divorced husband Richard von Falkenhayn was also arrested but had to be released after no evidence of his participation could be found. His efforts to save his ex-wife from the chopping block were to no avail.

title: Benita von Falkenhayn


text: User talk:209.158.99.2

title: User talk:209.158.99.2


text:
Pae Gil-su

Pae Gil-su (배길수, also written Pae Kil-su, born March 4, 1972) is a North Korean gymnast.

He won the gold medal for the pommel horse at the 1992 Summer Olympics (tied with Vitaly Scherbo).

And he won the gold medal at the 27th, 28th and 32nd World Gymnastics Championships.

Pae attended Pyongyang Sinri Primary School and the Korean Physical Education College.

title: Pae Gil-su


text:
File:Usc logo sm cu.jpg

Summary
US Central Credit Union logo

title: File:Usc logo sm cu.jpg


text:
William Alington (speaker)

William Alington (died 19 October 1446), lord of the manor of both Bottisham and Horseheath, Cambridgeshire, was Speaker of the House of Commons of England, Treasurer of the Exchequer of Ireland, Treasurer of Normandy and High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire.

Biography
William Alington is said to have been the son of William Alington and Denise Malet. He married Joan (d.1446), said to have been the daughter of William Burgh and the widow of one Barnes.

Alington was appointed High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire in 1414 and 1423. He was elected to Parliament in 1410, 1416 and 1429 as Knight of the Shire for Cambridgeshire and elected Speaker of the House in 1429.

He was Privy Councillor to Henry IV and Henry V. He was very close to Henry V's younger brother Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence, who was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1404-13. Alington accompanied him to Ireland and served as Lord Treasurer of Ireland. Later he served in Normandy and held several high offices, including Treasurer and Receiver-General.

Family
Alington's two sons, William (d. 5 July 1459), of Horseheath, and Robert, of Bottisham, both married daughters of the famous Sir John Argentyne of Great Wymondley Manor, Hertfordshire, by his wife Margaret Calthorpe (1380–1427). By this marriage William Alington the younger acquired the manor of Wymondley, which was held in Grand Sergeanty by the service of presenting the first cup at the Coronation of Kings of England, which service was performed by the Lords of that Manor into the 20th century.

title: William Alington (speaker)


text:
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony CD-ROM

Beethoven's Ninth Symphony CD-ROM was one of the first titles to couple a computer compact disc with an audio CD. This title, a companion to Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, was developed in 1989 by the Voyager Company in Apple Computer's HyperCard, using custom audio XCMDs developed at Voyager. The lead instructor and creative voice was UCLA music instructor Robert Winter.

Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, while offering black and white images on a 512×342 resolution display, offered full 44 kHz stereo audio by controlling an off-the-shelf audio CD in the CD-ROM player.

Historically, Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is of importance as it was an early example of interactive media that reached the consumer market, before the popularization of the Internet or DVDs.

title: Beethoven's Ninth Symphony CD-ROM


text:
Barbershop in Germany

Barbershop in Germany (abbreviated BinG or BinG!) is the association for barbershop music in Germany. It was founded in October 1991 and has an official alliance with the US-based Barbershop Harmony Society.

Any representative of a German barbershop quartet or chorus can become a member of BinG, and individuals may also join as supporting members. The association began with two quartets and eight choruses. As of May 2020, membership included about 40 quartets, 20 choruses, and 800 individuals.

History
In 2001 BinG celebrated its 10th anniversary with a grand concert in the concert hall of the University of Münster. The country's first barbershop quartet, Sour Krauts, which had formed locally in 1963, performed at the anniversary concert.

Barbershop Blend became Germany's first ladies barbershop chorus in 1984, and Erster Kölner Barbershop Chor followed in 1987 as the first German men's barbershop chorus.

Maximilian Hilz is the first chairman of BinG. Manfred Adams was previously the president, having held the role in much of the 1990s and resuming leadership in 2004 until resigning in 2016. Adams is the musical director of the Ladies First chorus from Dortmund.

Champions
BinG organizes a biennial Barbershop Music Festival, which includes national and "World Mixed" championships for quartets and choruses. The association's national champions are:

 * {| class="wikitable"

 * - style="background-color:#FF0000;font-weight:bold"
 * Year || Chorus || Quartet || Venue city || Ref
 * 2023 || Harmunichs || Chord Cracker || Dortmund ||
 * 2022 || colspan="2" align="center" | Festival cancelled || Dortmund ||
 * 2020 || colspan="2" align="center" | Festival cancelled || Dortmund ||
 * 2018 || Harmunichs || SomeSing || Munich ||
 * 2016 || Harmunichs || Klangküsse || Munich ||
 * 2014 || Ladies First || Tonikum || Dortmund ||
 * 2012 || Ladies First || Klangküsse || Dortmund ||
 * 2010 || Ladies First || Klangküsse || ||
 * 2008 || Ladies First || Klangküsse || ||
 * 2006 || Harmunichs || Inflagranti || ||
 * 2004 || Barbershop Blend || Inflagranti || ||
 * 2002 || Ladies First || Splash! || ||
 * 2000 || Ladies First || Take Four || ||
 * 1998 || Ladies First || Splash! || ||
 * 1996 || Ladies First || Take Four || ||
 * 1995 || – || Take Four || ||
 * 1994 || Ladies First || Take Four || ||
 * 1993 || Ladies First || Viertakt || Cologne ||
 * }
 * 2006 || Harmunichs || Inflagranti || ||
 * 2004 || Barbershop Blend || Inflagranti || ||
 * 2002 || Ladies First || Splash! || ||
 * 2000 || Ladies First || Take Four || ||
 * 1998 || Ladies First || Splash! || ||
 * 1996 || Ladies First || Take Four || ||
 * 1995 || – || Take Four || ||
 * 1994 || Ladies First || Take Four || ||
 * 1993 || Ladies First || Viertakt || Cologne ||
 * }
 * 1996 || Ladies First || Take Four || ||
 * 1995 || – || Take Four || ||
 * 1994 || Ladies First || Take Four || ||
 * 1993 || Ladies First || Viertakt || Cologne ||
 * }
 * 1993 || Ladies First || Viertakt || Cologne ||
 * }
 * }

title: Barbershop in Germany


text:
Spreading wattle

Spreading wattle is a common name for several plants and may refer to:

 * Acacia genistifolia, native to southeastern Australia
 * Acacia quadrimarginea

title: Spreading wattle


text:
Genovevo de la O

Genovevo de la O (January 3, 1876 – June 12, 1952) was an important figure in the Mexican Revolution in Morelos.

He was born in Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Morelos, to sharecropper parents. He was dedicated to the plight of Mexico's peasants and came to be an outstanding Liberation Army of the South guerrilla general. After Emiliano Zapata's death, he and the other guerrillas threw their lot in with Álvaro Obregón and went on to become a minor but long-lasting figure in national politics.

Early life
From his earliest days, de la O stood out as a defender of his hometown and its people. He fought ceaselessly against the encroachments of the neighboring hacienda of Temixco, against deforestation, and against land dispossession in general. These crusades brought him into conflict with the law of Porfirio Díaz's regime, which sought to strengthen the hacendados at the expense of commoners. De la O grew to hate the Díaz regime, mostly on the principle of land reform.

He initially supported the presidency of Francisco Madero based on his promises of land reform, but when those promises proved false he sided with the agrarian opposition headed by the mayor of Anenecuilco, Emiliano Zapata. De la O was one of the signatories of the reformist Plan de Ayala which codified Zapata's demands in 1911.

Revolution under Zapata
The Madero government was opposed to the Plan de Ayala, and the Zapatistas took up arms to defend their cause. De la O was made an infantry captain conducting guerrilla operations for Zapata in the northern part of Morelos. He moved up through the ranks of major, lieutenant colonel, and colonel before the year was out. Through 1911 and 1912, his division of the Liberation Army of the South operated in the area around Santa María and its neighboring towns, consistently beating back federalist forces. He forced enemy divisions to retreat to Cuernavaca, gave a solid drubbing to a group of generals led by General Robles, and inspired thousands to flock into his division.

De la O's forces took the town of Huitzilac in the Spring of 1912, but the Federalists were reluctant to give it up. General Ojeda tried to evacuate the town’s supplies and equipment, but de la O exacted a heavy toll attacking the convoys. He defended the town with success, but in 1912 General Naranjo infiltrated and burned most of it to the ground.

As 1913 neared, he pushed into México state to face forces commanded by the president himself, Victoriano Huerta. De la O became a general as fighting continued along the border with México state through 1915. Huerta faded from power and Venustiano Carranza took control, bringing extra troops to bear that turned the tide back against de la O. As General Pablo González slowly pushed de la O back into Morelos, disaster befell the Zapatista cause in 1919. The leader of the revolution, Emiliano Zapata, was tricked and murdered by Colonel Jesús Guaijardo. This was a terrible blow to the Liberation Army of the South, which had already grown increasingly fractured after many long years of campaigning.

Revolution under Obregón
Rather than seeing his cause and power expire along with Zapata, de la O and the other guerrilla generals, led by Gildardo Magaña, joined forces with the new revolutionary Álvaro Obregón. In 1920, he covered the retreat of General Benjamín Hill from Mexico City, and Hill too united with Obregón’s forces in the south. Together they made a decisive strike at the capital city, deposed Carranza, and set up a new government.

On the first day of 1921, he was named chief of military operations in Tlaxcala, moving later to similar posts in Aguascalientes and Mexico City. Minor conflicts continued, but the Obregón regime, including de la O, remained in power in Mexico City.

Post-Revolution politics
De la O held political posts until 1941 when he reached the age limit for service (sixty-five) and was forced to retire. Though officially retired, he remained involved in the affairs of Mexico. He formed Frente Zapatista in 1940 as a bastion of the ideals of Zapata. He helped found the Federation of Parties of the People in 1945, and presided over it.

He died in peace while in his hometown of Santa María Ahuacatitlán, a gentler and later death than the vast majority of his revolutionary counterparts. His wake was held on the floor of the Congress of Mexico and he was buried in Santa María with full military honors.

title: Genovevo de la O


text:
Air Harrods

Air Harrods Limited is the aircraft charter brokering arm of the Harrods company based at London Stansted Airport. Customers vary immensely; news footage has shown Tony Blair travelling to the G8 summit on board an Air Harrods helicopter which was commissioned by MI5 to offset security concerns. The use of one Air Harrods helicopter was donated for a special of Challenge Anneka in 2007. The helicopter was used to transport some ill children to a choir performance.

On 7 May 2010, Air Harrods was sold as part of its parent group to a Qatari sovereign investment group in a combined deal worth £1.5bn.

title: Air Harrods


text:
Talk:Tegan and Sara

Images
Can we update the main image of the article? It seems outdated being from 2008 and all; possibly replace it with the image of them performing at the Polaris Music Prize which is found further down in the article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.139.192.153 (talk) 18:49, 17 July 2011 (UTC)

series/films/DVD's
I really think there should be a section to mention all the videos and homemovies and films they produce themselves. Such as backstage bilingual, trailer talk, the Con DVD, and it's not fun, don't do it. It's a huge part of Tegan and Sara, the fact that they're so open with their fans make so many videos and DVD's (they have another one coming late this year). I'm going to create this section right now, feel free to add or edit. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.60.74.227 (talk) 20:35, 20 July 2008 (UTC)

Article content
I added a blurb about the Tegan and Sara in Doctor Who.. coincidence? - —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Kether83 (talk • contribs).
 * I have wondered that myself since I first heard of them. AMCKen (talk) 23:36, 14 April 2017 (UTC)

LGBT
Just curious, if they're categorized as LGBT, shouldn't there be a mention in the article about that? -- nae'blis (talk) 15:31, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what else to say besides "they're lesbian", though. It's not explicitly mentioned in their music, nor are they active with any political groups, afaik. It seems strange to say "Tegan and Sara are both lesbians" and leave it at that when we wouldn't say "Foo is heterosexual" about a heterosexual musician. Maybe by that reasoning, the category shouldn't exist, but as long as it exists, it should be populated. Catamorphism 19:03, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The article says that their sexuality is rarely the subject of their songs, but doesn't actually mention that (if?) they're gay. This is a bit strange and seems like the fact is being deliberately omitted.--89.243.217.247 (talk) 15:04, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

 * It's perfectly relevant to mention that they're lesbian somewhere in the article. There's absolutely no reason to censor it, and the category is helpful. Ambi 05:00, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

They Played a song on VH1, "Speak slow" (which is an obvious lesbian Love song by the lyrics) in which the one sister says to the other "I dedicate it to you."

So My query is not that they're lesbians, but what is the extent of their interpersonal relationship, cause it seems (*How can I write this objectively when I was being kinda grossed out by her comment) I'm sorry to say this that they may have an incestious relationship between the twinsTherubicon (talk) 01:33, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

Are you taking the piss? they're both gay, but not together. anyone who actually knows anything about the band knows this. get a hobby. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.12.222.122 (talk) 09:10, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

 * They're open about their sexuality, so obviously no harm could come of including it in the article. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 128.189.129.197 (talk • contribs).

 * I think it's better not to mention it, because I've found that if I mention they're lesbian, people tend to focus on that instead of the music. Like have you noticed, when looking at Youtube videos, the huge number of comments asking about their sexuality with no content about the music? And as Catamorphism said, it's not explicitly mentioned in the music anyway - anyone can relate to it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.158.203.206 (talk) 04:57, 27 November 2007 (UTC)

 * The first time I heard about this band was on NPR and the guy talking about them, a record reviewer, said part of their act was pretending to be lesibans with each other. Is that true? The Secretary of Funk 10:41, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is about reporting facts, not choosing which facts to censor based on what the fans want.--89.243.217.247 (talk) 15:07, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

No, that's not true. They have debunked this rumor in radio interviews and on live bootlegs of their shows. Trimp 01:35, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

So are they Bisexual or Lesbian or not? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.94.156.190 (talk) 03:57, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

I think including their orientation is no more detrimental to the appreciation of their music than mentioning they are Canadian, or showing a photo which shows they are obviously female and caucasian. I think the argument that someone's non-heterosexuality should be conveniently omitted is just a fashionable homophobia. It's a leftover of the victorian age, when one "dare not speak its name." Nowadays, this omission is dressed up with the rhetoric of sensibility, i.e., not wanting to be "lurid" or "focusing on the life of the art rather than the artist." But the presumption that homosexuality is lurid or dirty IS homophobic, and one can't focus on the art without knowing something about the artist. Should we omit that Basquiat was Haitian and Puerto Rican? Should we omit that Warhol was part Jewish? How about Jimi Hendrix? There's no need to point out he was left-handed, or took drugs, or was not white. There are people who find all those things to be unrespectable and even vile. They're called bigots. Wiki shouldn't cater to them. There is nothing POV about simply providing people with facts, to make their own decisions as they please.72.78.154.193 (talk) 02:59, 26 February 2008 (UTC)
 * nicely said. Wikidsoup  [talk]  00:08, 1 March 2008 (UTC)44

The song "when you were mine" from "songs for christoff" is about a finished lesbian relationship though. ("when you were mine I let you wear my dresses" etc) so it's not true they don't mention it, it's just no big deal. besides the LGBT-community loves them, so they should be in the category. --85.179.90.226 (talk) 18:33, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

No it's not. "When You Were Mine" is a Prince song that they covered. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.89.122.61 (talk) 22:40, 12 August 2008 (UTC)

Films, TV, and books
Sara wrote a foreward to the book Vegan Cupcakes Take Over the World and I feel like it would be nice to mention but I'm not sure where it fits, especially since it's only about Sara (she doesn't have her own page.) See http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/1569242739/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-7309068-6407050#reader-link to verify. 67.168.191.3 04:20, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Sara also wrote the foreward to the book "Hello, Cruel World" by Kate Bornstein. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.198.141.113 (talk • contribs).

Songs For Christoff
Can see absolutely no evidence anywhere that this is anything other than a bootleg. Certainly not an official T&S release or promotional release anywhere in the world, including Canada or Japan! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 81.179.115.21 (talk • contribs).

 * It's not an official T&S release, so has no place within their discography. If you extended this kind of logic, to, say Pink Floyd, their discography would be in the thousands of records. It also doesn't deserve it's own Wikipedia page any more than any other bootleg. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.178.195.244 (talk • contribs)

 * Agreed. By that logic anyone can throw together some live MP3s into a torrent with some fake cover art, and be deserving of an article. Hotdoglives 20:58, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Nominated that article for deletion and fixed the chronology. If it keeps getting reinstated that would almost amount to vandalism, surely? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.109.231.226 (talk • contribs)

 * Things don't necessarily "deserve" Wikipedia pages on their own merits, rather on whether people are likely to want to know more about them, and I argue that people are likely to want to know something about this one because it's mentioned in so many places and its widely available. Rehjanis (talk) 11:37, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

It is a promo release for Japan and Canada released in 2006 by Universal Records. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.226.142.248 (talk) 04:09, 12 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Proof? Hotdoglives 00:13, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

I argue that it should be mentioned, though, because I know that I heard about it in several places that made it sound like an official release of some sort, so I wanted to know more about it, and wikipedia's the go-to place for things people want to know about. Then when I learned it was a fan-made compilation, I wanted to know whether I could purchase the songs on it, and it was very difficult to find out what some of them were called and to confirm that some of them were not on any official releases. I think it was be reasonable to mention it, confirm that it isn't an official release, and provide info about what the songs are and what albums (if any) they are from. Rehjanis (talk) 11:37, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

The Rentals
I question the correctness of the phrasing "Matt Sharp and Maya Rudolph of The Rentals." Maya has only performed some backup work on a few tracks of their 2nd album, and apparently some accompanying touring, I'm not sure that constitutes being in the band; although the band entry page does list her, and for such an intermittent group things are admittedly less cut and dry. Indeed, the only consistent members to date have been Matt Sharp himself and Petra Haden. Maya's own page seems to give a more reasonable description of her affiliation. --Belg4mit 15:12, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

Maya Rudolph was officially a Rentals member. She is in the video for "waiting" as well as being mentioned as a previous member on The Rentals official website. And since "Waiting" is from the first album you are completely wrong for saying she only did back-ups on their second album. Do your research. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.43.192.7 (talk) 13:49, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

Vandalism
Removed vandalism from accomplishments, DVDs, band members (spurious keytar player), trivia.

Pronounciation
Is it "Teegan" or "Taygan" (like Megan/Meghan)? Should this be noted in the article? 71.234.105.190 03:59, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
 * It's pronounced "Teegan". Could probably be noted in the article, although I'm not sure of the correct way to add info on pronunciations. Hotdoglives 05:21, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

Also could be noted that Sara is pronounced "Sare-ah" as oposed to "Sar-a", as Sara would be pronounced (incorrectly) as the latter in many european countries. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.139.192.153 (talk) 18:44, 17 July 2011 (UTC)

"Duo"
I have reservations about Tegan and Sara being called a "Duo". They have said themselves that they hate the label "duo" - seeing as they have always played with a 5 piece band etc. "Tegan and Sara" is the name of their band - as obvious as this is, some people seem to forget this fact.

In the CBC Radio 3 Podcast # 109 "Twin Power Summer" released on 22/6/2007, Tegan herself said: "...We're not a duo. Yes, there's two of us...but we're a band, we play with a five piece band."

So, in light of this, I think the article should stick to calling them a band or singer-songwriters. Emerald.Atoms (talk) 06:42, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

I agree with this. The "band members" section of this page lists 3 other musicians besides Tegan and Sara. I don't know too many 5-member duos. They might be the only permanent members, but if they always (or at least usually) tour with a full backing band, then they're a full band.

Personal Life
Hello! I just went in and cleaned up the section about Sara's relationship with Emy (it ended?! I'm so sad!) so that there's actual citation for the claims listed. I hope it turned out well :)

Here's the original text:

"Sara was in a long relationship with Emy Storey, who sold their merch at shows and did many of the designes. She is a Graphic Designer and has her own site. Their relationship became legal in 2007. Sara's song "I Was Married" referred to the common law marriage to Storey.

They have now since broken up."JamisonK (talk) 03:45, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

"Kiersten"
has been changing the spelling of "Kiersten" to "Keirsten" for the past few days. Cursory Google searching reveals no hits for "Sarah Keirsten Quin" and many for "Sarah Kiersten Quin". I even sourced the spelling of her name, only to be reverted. Just letting everyone know so I don't get tagged for WP:3RR, though I'll be bowing out soon if this continues. -FrankTobia (talk) 06:47, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

Hi - please see for proof of spellingSuperclose Music (talk) 22:03, 29 September 2014 (UTC)

Kaki King, and "Keirsten"
Hi Kimpurrs. Do you have any source for her middle name being Keirsten instead of Kiersten? I haven't found a reliable source for either spelling, so I'm of a mind to remove it completely for now. Concerning Kaki King, as far as I can tell there are two sources confirming the relationship. On what grounds do you say that it isn't true? Cheers, Amalthea Talk 21:46, 29 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Found one. Please don't change it back without a good reason. -- Amalthea Talk 14:14, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

Vinyl
This is more of a question. I see that all their vinyl albums are not available other than The Con. Is it that they never produced their other albums in vinyl or that they have been discontinued? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.233.84.239 (talk) 01:15, 9 October 2009 (UTC)

---they have other albums on vinyl but are out of stock at the moment —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.26.229.180 (talk) 09:58, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

Someone, please edit the "bullet points"
There is little to no flow in this article as it is almost wholly a collection of bullet points masquerading as a series of sentences within topics. There are many, many other awful Wikipedia articles just like this but I just don't have time to rewrite any. This is my first comment ever so maybe this proves to be my toe-dipping moment and the water won't turn out to be so cold. But, my, this article is marygawdandjoseph awful. I would hope T&S' fans would want better, no? TeenageCynic (talk) 20:22, 4 November 2009 (UTC)

Section on "personal lives" and page protection
Use this section to discuss the recent additions/deletions of biographical accounts of current personal relationships. See WP:BLP for the relevant policies, specifically WP:BLP. Attn: IPs & anonymous users, please register for an account and contribute to the formation of a consensus. Thank you ˉˉanetode╦╩ 16:48, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Re: Sara and Emy's breakup: I've seen plenty of reliable sources about this, so I argue for its inclusion; They were married and divorced so this should be matter of public record. However, I argue against inclusion of the fact that she's single, because she probably won't announce when that changes, and thus it is too volatile to be trusted.

 * Re: Tegan's relationship: I have yet to see a reliable source about Tegan's relationship with Lindsay Byrnes. She seems not to be talking it publicly, so I argue again the inclusion of that material. Rehjanis (talk) 18:57, 23 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Sounds good, thanks for your input. ˉˉanetode╦╩ 02:37, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

Well, it seems no one else is going to weigh in, but the edit war is continuing, so I have added a sentence that adds Emy's verifiable legal former relationship, but does not add any speculative information about Tegan's (presumably non-legal relationship with someone who is not notable enough for a wikipedia article, and thus need not be mentioned according to WP:BLP. I hope this satisfies the inclusionists and the exclusionists alike. Rehjanis (talk) 18:43, 11 December 2009 (UTC)

Back in your head
this is NOT a cover from HeyHiHello. if it is can anyone provide proof? 96.51.17.141 (talk) 04:26, 7 February 2010 (UTC)
 * The article says that Heyhihello covered it, not that it's originally a Heyhihello song. The song can be found on their MySpace page. However, it probably shouldn't be on the list if the band isn't notable enough to have a wiki article (I don't know if it is or not). Klubbit (talk) 16:42, 7 February 2010 (UTC)

Covers and such
The section "Cover songs, songs about, and collaborations" is a bit excessive. I haven't seen anything similar on any other band pages (though a few have separate articles of covers). Could we perhaps create a new article "Songs related to Tegan and Sara"? I don't know what the best way to preserve this information is (if it all needs to be preserved), but I don't think it should be in this article in its entirety.

Second, could we only include artists who have Wikipedia articles? While I think the Heyhihello song might be appropriate, the Uranus Beats song definitely isn't and seems to be more promotion than anything. As far as I can tell, they have a following of 11 people on YouTube, but I can't find anything else. I'm going to remove it again, but if it gets re-added I don't want to start an edit war. Klubbit (talk) 04:37, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I agree with what you've said, and I agree that if a musician isn't notable, their covers shouldn't be listed, but actually I don't think that information needs to be preserved.

 * I think the collaborations and possibly covers could all moved under either "Discography" or "Other work"; covers maybe the same; covers of their songs I don't think should be listed; if the musicians are notable enough, than that information can be listed under their own "Discography". "Songs about" could maybe turn into a brief sentence under their bio, if it needs to be there at all. BearMachine (talk) 12:20, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I've moved the collaborations to a table under Other Work. I plan to move the songs Tegan and Sara covered to their discography page and remove the Tegan and Sara songs covered by others (with the White Stripes still mentioned in the article). I'll also remove the NOFX songs, as I don't know that they're important to the article and there's not really a good place to mention them. If there are any objections, let me know. Klubbit (talk) 20:48, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

Collaborations
This is my first ever post and Im not sure on the rules and stuff but one of you guys could add this in somewhere.

Tegan did a song with punk rock band 'Against Me' didn't see it listed anywhere. Its called 'Bourne on the Fm radio waves' Or something of the sort.

Thanks

Mark —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.103.171.30 (talk) 09:43, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
 * It's in the table at the end of the collaborations section (hidden by default because it's rather large). There are too many collaborations to mention them all in the paragraphs. Klubbit (talk) 17:27, 14 February 2010 (UTC)

Today's changes
I feel that many of the revisions made today to the touring and collaborations sections should be reverted (before, after, and diff). For example:

 * There is no need to list tour dates (plus city, venue, and day of the week) in an encyclopedia. If anything, we could add an external link and/or reference related to the tours.
 * It doesn't seem to me that the collaborations (now "individual projects") need to be split up into subsections: producing, Tegan Quin, Sara Quin, and combined collaborations (which isn't currently a section, but would need to be). It's debateable that the Alligator remix album is an "individual project" of Sara, even if she did write the song. The collaborations table will also need to be split into three tables for the different sections.
 * There's now a DJ Tiesto section in the Tegan and Sara article...
 * There are now several ref errors as well, but I suppose that's an independent issue.

There is simply too much going on here, too many sections, and it makes the article less useful. I realize this represents a lot of work by 64.183.188.29 so I wanted to discuss it here before reverting. Some of the additions can be incorporated into the article, but I think that the organization at least should be returned to how it was. --Klubbit (talk) 03:23, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I went ahead and incorporated what I thought was appropriate into the previous organization. I also nominated Tegan and Sara Tours for deletion, if you want to participate in that discussion. --Klubbit (talk) 04:10, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Including tour dates is flagrant advertising, there is no question in my mind. If this sort of contribution is to be allowed, there would be no reason to deny inclusion of *any* upcoming media event. Any project in planning. Any hypothetical project. Wikipedia articles on pop stars would become mini-fan sites.

 * However, this change is already in progress. Editors are not only adding considerable material in articles about past and future tour dates, but creating entire articles about them. (Do an advanced search on "tour dates".)

 * The problem is not particularly complex, but it is seductive to otherwise well-intentioned Wiki editors who see importance in performances of artists whom they respect.

 * There are, however, two critical flaws in their position. The most important, I feel, is that these concerts are cookie-cutter duplications. They are programmed events -- one much like another. It is no more important to mention in an encyclopedia the dates of every rerun of a TV episode.

 * The other problem is that Wiki editors' enthusiasm is being confounded with the completely different -- coordinated -- commercial goals to get public "mind share". It's not just that marketing managers would love to control Wikipedia utterly. It's that marketing managers have so influenced popular culture that some Wiki editors believe that there is historical importance to whatever a marketing manger chooses to publish. Piano non troppo (talk) 05:13, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Well, you could nominate them for deletion, and be sure to vote here :) --Klubbit (talk) 16:44, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

Genres
>Tegan and Sara are a Canadian indie band >implying indie is a genre

Should be indie pop, summerfags
 * I changed it. Please avoid name-calling. --Klubbit (talk) 18:29, 4 June 2010 (UTC)

I'm curious what people think about the "New Wave" genre being applied to Tegan and Sara. I can't say that I've ever seen this anywhere else, and while I don't mind it being in the infobox, I think it's excessive to have 3 genres listed in the opening sentence. For what it's worth, the labels Tegan and Sara apply on their MySpace are Indie / Pop / Alternative (of which indie pop and indie rock are subgenres). New Wave seems a bit overly specific, or something... Klubbit (talk) 15:51, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

 * I agree, the New wave music should be removed. I've removed the other citations from the infobox:  that one's gotta go too.  In fact, I don't like it when there are too many genres in the boxes.

 * While I'm here, the WP:LEAD should be corrected to a C class article standard. I've removed many of the person categories as they're a band.  Argolin (talk) 07:03, 9 March 2012 (UTC)

Singular band, or plural people?
"Tegan and Sara is", or "Tegan and Sara are"? I realize that AmE generally prefers the former, and BrE the latter, but I'm not quite sure which is the more usual in Canadian usage. Where the "name of the band" just happens to be a two-part list of the first names of the two permanent members, I have to say that to me, "is" seems extremely jarring. Smartiger (talk) 18:57, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I'm not opposed to changing it if that's proper grammar. "Are" sounds fine to me, but maybe technically wrong since that's the verb for a plural subject, and we're saying Tegan and Sara is a singular thing (a band). If you were to flip it, you wouldn't say "This band are Tegan and Sara." As discussed here, they consider Tegan and Sara to be a band, not a duo, and I verified the quote from the interview @ 16:40. Klubbit (talk) 19:54, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I might, actually, but that might be a function of my side of the Atlantic. In general, though, the grammatical rule is to have the verb agree with the subject, and not with the object (if those differ), so "T&S are a band" and "the band is T&S" are both defensible, if one considers the one to be plural, and the other singular. I'll defer to majority Canucker opinion on this, however.  I did notice the "duo" section, and I'm not proposing to re-open that can of worms.  (Though TBH, it does sound as if they're being more arch than informative, and one could argue that third-party sources are to be preferred to the subjects' own preferences (at least if one had such).)  Smartiger (talk) 20:38, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, I'm sure there are decent sources that say both. At any rate, you may be right about the grammar stuff, but I think whether they're a duo or band does matter. Saying Tegan Quin and Sara Quin are a band suggests that they alone make up the band, which is inaccurate. Saying Tegan Quin and Sara Quin are a duo, on the other hand, would be accurate, if they are indeed a duo. So if we're going to stick with calling them a band, I think that the first three words of the article should refer to the name of the band rather than two individual people, and it's not clear that that's the case with "are". e.g., One might interpret it as being equivalent to "Tegan Quin and Sara Quin are a band led by Tegan Quin and Sara Quin." :P Klubbit (talk) 21:18, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

 * No fair making me uncan those worms! OK, if the other three are actually "members of Tegan and Sara" (as it were), as opposed to "people they tour with", it does argue in favour of their "band" interpretation, so (probably) fair enough.  But under either interpretation, they sound pretty plural to me.  (But equally, so does "The Killers is", to my ear...)  Smartiger (talk) 02:09, 24 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I think "The Beatles are", say, is fine, because each member of the band is a Beatle (presumably the same thing applies to The Killers, not sure). Each member in this band isn't a Tegan and Sara though. Anyway, I don't think there's a clear answer, but if you do change it to "are" I think the sentence and possibly various parts of the article should be changed for clarity and consistency. FYI, their press kit biography says "Tegan and Sara are a highly motivated musical group..." Klubbit (talk) 03:07, 24 January 2011 (UTC)

 * A large percentage of them are a Sara or a Tegan, though! I guess you're right, band names of the form "The Xs" do at least lend themselves to the interpretation or conceit that each is "an X", so those are the ones that seem oddest to treat as a singular collective. (Insofar as they don't all sound odd, to my ears!)  I'd be inclined to follow the press kit, then, unless someone finds countervailing usage.  I don't see any other usages in the article that would need to be changed -- everything else is either using it to denote the two principals as individual people, or is in the past tense, making the distinction inflectionally moot.  I'm open to suggestions as to how to rework the opening sentence, certainly.  Smartiger (talk) 06:48, 24 January 2011 (UTC)
 * In as much as a band (or a sports team) is a singular entity, when it is named in the plural, it is standard in North American English to use the plural form. The Rolling Stones are..., while R.E.M. is...; The Calgary Flames are... vs. D.C. United is..., etc.   Since "Tegan and Sara" is in the plural, it should be "Tegan and Sara are...".  Using the singular "is" in this case is just awkward. Resolute 22:36, 29 January 2011 (UTC)

Remember back in the 1980s when the trademark name "Sony Walkman" would be pluralized as "Sony Walkmans"? This might be a relevant argument for keeping "Tegan and Sara is". 99.231.241.146 (talk) 19:03, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

Personal lives
removed sourced information about the women's respective relationships, and then I reinstated it. Eightminuteepic then removed it again by stating that this was confirmed in a podcast...without actually linking to said podcast. I then reinstated the information again, but then EME removed it a third time. Aside from him/her violating WP:3RR (and I didn't reinstate the info because I don't want to violate 3RR myself), I wonder if EME doesn't quite understand what a source is. Simply saying something happened without backing it up doesn't really prove anything.  Erpert  blah, blah, blah... 03:50, 21 February 2014 (UTC)

Feminists??
Any reliable source for them being in the Feminist musicians category? 158.222.167.170 (talk) 04:29, 22 September 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Tegan and Sara. Please take a moment to review my edit. You may add after the link to keep me from modifying it, if I keep adding bad data, but formatting bugs should be reported instead. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether, but should be used as a last resort. I made the following changes:
 * Attempted to fix sourcing for http://www.undertheradarmag.com/interviews/track-by-track_tegan_and_saras_heartthrob_part_one/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 12:27, 31 March 2016 (UTC)

Live link to the article seems to be revived, set  to no --TheFrog001 (talk) 12:05, 15 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Tegan and Sara. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit User:Cyberpower678/FaQs for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20110121063649/http://www.soundonthesound.com:80/2010/09/11/north-of-northwest-tegan-and-sara/ to http://www.soundonthesound.com/2010/09/11/north-of-northwest-tegan-and-sara/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

--TheFrog001 (talk) 12:08, 15 November 2016 (UTC)

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 20:03, 3 June 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Tegan and Sara. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130530075639/http://www.undertheradarmag.com/interviews/track-by-track_tegan_and_saras_heartthrob_part_one/ to http://www.undertheradarmag.com/interviews/track-by-track_tegan_and_saras_heartthrob_part_one/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140114011733/http://junoawards.ca/juno_2014_information.pdf to http://junoawards.ca/juno_2014_information.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:06, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

Doctor Who Companions
Were they named after two of them? :) Tegan Jovanka, Sarah Jane Smith 2001:56A:F03F:5200:D584:A02A:6743:60C1 (talk) 06:20, 3 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Given that Tegan Jovanka was introduced a year after the twins were born (and named), I'd say no. OhNo itsJamie Talk 15:12, 3 November 2019 (UTC)

"Personal lives" section name
It's kind of interesting that the "personal lives" section hardly talks about their personal lives at all and focuses instead almost entirely on their mostly public gay rights activism and prominent involvement in the LGBT community. Certainly not arguing that any of the information in that section should be removed, but I think it's kind of weird how "Personal lives" is being used de facto as a euphemism for "Activism and Involvement in the LGBT Community"... I think it's odd that a group so prominently and widely associated with LGBT people and anglophone lesbians in particular is being written about as though their homosexuality were something ancillary and private, requiring euphemistic discretion.

I'm not logged in because on my phone but my wiki username is rainspeaker I'm p sure.

2600:1000:B023:606B:E182:E25A:F133:7B86 (talk) 19:13, 6 December 2021 (UTC)

Commenting both to confirm that the above comment is by me and also to note that on a reread the "Personal lives" section contains quite a few pieces of information about their career (e.g. their memoir) that just shouldn't be in that section. I'm going to be bold and see if I can make some changes to deal with both of these issues. I'll make them in two passes so ppl can revert the possibly contentious change to the article organization w/o referring the obviously necessary imo move of the career information into history.

Rainspeaker (talk) 19:30, 6 December 2021 (UTC)

I've made the changes. I'll add that in addition to being a clearer and more logical section organization, the new "Activism and involvement" section gives readers completely unfamiliar with the band a hint at a glance that this is a group with a widely acknowledged and well-known significance in LGBT culture -- without editorializing, OR, or treating the frontwomen's sexualities as though they in themselves were a subject of encyclopedic importance. Rainspeaker (talk) 19:56, 6 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tegan and Sara


text:
Talk:Glenn Shorrock

Speedy deletion discussion from 2005
Even though the "most successful band" it isn't, I oppose the speedy deletion on the grounds that it is really just a short article about a significant person. Weasel
 * Aye, mate Pilatus 13:37, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Multiple issues
Shorrock is an ARIA Hall of Famer and should have a much better article. I'm busy with other editing and Real life (tm) and will be unable to do so.shaidar cuebiyar (talk) 22:18, 30 May 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) No in-line citations.
 * 2) Woefully inadequate WP:Lead.
 * 3) WP:Linkfarm. Especially in Videography. See also Wikipedia is not a repository of links.
 * 4) Tone and Matter of Style issues throughout main text and discography.
 * 5) Update information to 2010 where possible.

Proposed major edits
I intend making some major edits over the next few days/weeks. Interim edits may be disorganised or incomplete. I will attempt to address the issues I mentioned above starting with deletion of the Linkfarm in Videography.––shaidar cuebiyar (talk) 07:50, 11 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Now at B-class. Further work possible with Lead and personal life details (e.g. full names of parents, sister, 1st wife, 2nd wife) but I've done my bit.shaidar cuebiyar (talk) 11:40, 17 July 2010 (UTC)

Naturalised Australian?
We say he is, but his Member of the Order of Australia, awarded today, is Honorary, which applies to non-citizens only. What's the real story? --  Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  22:49, 25 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Yes, his "honorary" status came as a surprise to me. Despite living here since 1954, it seems Shorrock never became an Australian citizen. I have established on ancestry.com that he appears on Australian electoral rolls, but that would be a consequence of British subjects eligibility to vote. Unless there is any information to the contrary, we need to remove the label "Australian" from the lead, and also remove "Category:Naturalised citizens of Australia". WWGB (talk) 01:53, 26 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Certainly remove the category. But, while he may not be an Aussie citizen, he's an Aussie in every other way that matters, so I have no issue with continuing to describe him as an Australian.  --   Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  03:02, 26 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Glenn Shorrock


text:
U.S. Central Credit Union

U.S. Central Federal Credit Union (commonly abbreviated as USCU and USFCU) was the largest corporate credit union in the United States. Unlike consumer driven credit unions (referred to as "natural person" credit unions in the industry), U.S. Central provided its services only to other corporate credit unions, in effect acting as the "corporate credit union's credit union". The organization was founded in 1974. The organization had to be shut down in 2009 as a result of the 2008 financial crisis. Eventually, Credit Suisse was forced to pay $400 million to resolve claims that it sold faulty mortgage-backed securities to U.S. Central Federal Credit Union.

U.S. Central did not serve consumers directly, a role fulfilled by consumer credit unions, it was instead established to serve the credit union industry by providing opportunities for investments through government approved instruments and providing liquidity (credit) needs to regional and state corporate credit unions which need them. U.S. Central also provided other industry standard services such as payment systems, electronic funds transfer services and item processing. The organization also provided economic services and forecasts specific to the credit union industry. Many of its operations and services paralleled that of a central bank, except it serves corporate credit unions rather than commercial banks.

U.S. Central Federal Credit Union was located in Lenexa, Kansas.

In January 2009, the National Credit Union Administration injected $1 billion into U.S. Central. On March 20, 2009, NCUA placed U.S. Central Credit Union into conservatorship.

The NCUA was unable to obtain a buyer for the services and began winding down its operations. The credit union was officially shut down October 29, 2012.

title: U.S. Central Credit Union


text:
Nazar

Nazar may refer to:

 * Nazar (given name), a masculine given name
 * Nazar (amulet), an amulet of stone or glass which is believed to protect against evil eye

Film and television

 * Nazar the Brave, a 1940 Soviet comedy film directed by Amasi Martirosyan
 * Nazar (1991 film), a Bollywood film directed by Mani Kaul
 * Nazar (2005 film), a Bollywood film starring Meera and Ashmit Patel
 * Nazar (TV series) a 2018 Indian television series

Music

 * Nazar (band), a Turkish band that entered the Eurovision Song Contest 1978
 * Nazar (album), a 2015 album released by Joe Chawki and Hodge Gjonbalaj

Other uses

 * Nazar, a subterranean fictional planet in Ludvig Holberg's 1741 novel Niels Klim's Underground Travels
 * Nazar, Navarre, a municipality in the province of Navarre, Spain

title: Nazar


text:
Cashback

Cashback may refer to:

 * Cashback (film), two films directed by Sean Ellis
 * Cashback reward program, a small amount paid to a customer by a credit card company for each use of a credit card
 * Cashback website, a site where customers can earn cash rebates on online purchases that they make
 * Debit card cashback, cash that shoppers receive along with their goods when paying by debit card
 * Mortgage cashback, a lump sum given to a new borrower at the beginning of a mortgage term

title: Cashback


text:
Joan Voss

Joan M. Voss (born August 21, 1940) is an American Democratic Party politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 2004 until 2012, representing the 38th Legislative District. Voss was elected to the Bergen County Board of County Commissioners in 2011 after choosing not to seek reelection to her Assembly seat.

Biography
Born in New York City, Voss was raised in Fort Lee, New Jersey and attended the local public schools. Voss graduated with a B.A. in 1962 from Montclair State University (History and English), an M.A. in 1971 from Montclair State University (Education), and received an Ed.D. from Fordham University (Education).

Voss taught at Fort Lee High School beginning in 1963. She served as Departmental Assistant of the Social Studies and English Departments from 2000 to 2003. She had previously functioned briefly as the Departmental Assistant of the combined Science, Math and Guidance Departments in 1992. In 1983, she developed a humanities program to help prepare students for college in the areas of philosophy, ancient history, the classics, ethics, and European and Asian history and culture. The Humanities Course was offered for credit at several colleges and universities. She has been an adjunct professor at Seton Hall University, Saint Peter's College, and Edward Williams College of Fairleigh Dickinson University.

She served on the Fort Lee Borough Council from 1993 to 2004. Voss is a member of the Fort Lee Municipal Alliance Committee, which coordinates community and school activities and served on the Borough's Board of Ethics.

In the 2003 election for the General Assembly, Voss and running mate Robert M. Gordon unseated the incumbents, Green Party candidate Matt Ahearn and Republican Rose Marie Heck. (Heck did not run for reelection, instead choosing to run for the district's State Senate seat that year and losing to Joseph Coniglio, while Ahearn had changed his party affiliation from Democratic to Green while serving).

Voss served in the Assembly on the Education Committee (as Vice Chair), Higher Education Committee, the Regulated Professions Committee and the Joint Committee on the Public Schools. Due to redistricting, which moved her hometown of Fort Lee to the 37th district, Voss did not run for reelection in 2011 and was replaced on the ballot by Tim Eustace. Instead, she ran for and won a seat on the Bergen County Board of County Commissioners.

title: Joan Voss


text:
Talk:U.S. Central Credit Union

New Article
I've tried to make this entry as neutral (and non-commercial) as possible. Stu 13:39, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on U.S. Central Credit Union. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20050826160317/http://www.uscentral.coop:80/ to http://www.uscentral.coop/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 11:23, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:U.S. Central Credit Union


text:
Acacia pruinocarpa

Acacia pruinocarpa, commonly known as black gidgee, gidgee or tawu, is a tree in the family Fabaceae that is endemic to arid parts of Australia.

Description
Black gidgee is a tree with an upright habit and typically grows to a height of 3 to 12 m and with a girth of up to 2 m or more. Like most Acacia species, it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. These are a grey-green colour with a length of 7 to 17 cm and a width of 6 to 30 mm and slightly curved. The phyllodes have a linear to linear-elliptic shape with a prominent midrib and marginal nerves. It blooms between October and December and produces flowers that are yellow and held in cylindrical clusters. The spherical flower heads have a diameter of 7 to 8 mm and contain 55 to 110 densely packed light golden flowers. The narrowly oblong seed pods are pale brown and papery with a length of up to 12 cm and a width of 2 cm. The transverse to oblique, dull black seeds have an ovate to oblong-elliptic shape with a length of 5 to 6 mm.

Taxonomy
The species was first formally described by the botanist Mary Tindale in 1968 as part of R.H. Anderson and Tindale's work Notes on Australian taxa of Acacia as published in Contributions from the New South Wales National Herbarium. It was reclassified as Racosperma pruinocarpum by Leslie Pedley in 2003 then transferred back into the genus Acacia in 2006. The species is often confused with, and misidentified as Acacia notabilis.

Distribution
It is native throughout the arid centre of Australia, from Carnarvon, Western Australia, east to the Tanami Desert, Northern Territory and Mann Ranges, South Australia. It is especially common along watercourses and in low-lying areas that receive drainage. The tree is found in many types of habitat, usually in stony sand or loamy soils, and is associated with Acacia aneura and spinifex communities.

title: Acacia pruinocarpa


text:
Populous (series)

Populous is a series of video games developed by Bullfrog Productions and published by Electronic Arts. The first game in the series, Populous, was released in 1989. At the time, it was hailed as revolutionary, and it coined the term "god game".

Gameplay
The games involved the player taking on the role of a deity and leading followers into battle against opposing deities, and intervene by using a variety of "divine intervention" that affect the world and indirectly, the people.

The first two games were similar. In Populous and Populous II: Trials of the Olympian Gods, much emphasis was spent on flattening the terrain. The view of the game-world was isometric. Populous: The Beginning was more like a conventional war-game than a god-game and uses true 3D instead of isometric 3D. In Populous: The Beginning, the player is set in the role of a shaman instead of a god, but at the end of the game attains godhood.

In an interview, the series creator Peter Molyneux, said that "Populous was like it was due to my incompetence as a games programmer ... the reason the feature (raise the land) was there was because I couldn't get the little people to navigate around the coast".

History
The series includes:

 * Populous (1989)
 * Populous: The Promised Lands (1989)
 * Populous: The Final Frontier (1989)
 * Populous II: Trials of the Olympian Gods (1991)
 * Populous II: The Challenge Games (1992)
 * Populous: The Beginning (1998)
 * Populous: The Beginning - Undiscovered Worlds (1999)
 * Populous DS (2008)

Reception
In 1996, Next Generation listed the series as number 16 on their "Top 100 Games of All Time", commenting that "aside from single-handedly creating a new genre overnight, Bullfrog's Populous is a great marriage of war-game strategy, resource management, and pure originality."

title: Populous (series)


text:
Talk:Military Families Speak Out

Untitled
I was asked to comment on the article. At its present state,, there are 3 primary problems. The first is the generally promotional tone. It is written too much like a press release. --don't praise the organization or person, say what they do. Don't be repetitive. Don't use words associated with emotion. Avoid using adjectives to the extent possible. Avoid vague words of quantity, like "many" or "about". Especially, avoid using stock phrases--the present version does this a good deal.

As a general rule, a suitable page will be best written by someone without Conflict of Interest; The editor who added much of this content back in 2007 was clearly a representative of the group, based on their user name. It's not impossible to do it properly with a conflict of interest, but it's relatively more difficult: one is automatically thinking in terms of what the subject wishes to communicate to the public, but an uninvolved person will think in terms of what the public might wish to know.

The second problem is WP:NPOV. The article is written from the prospective of a person who might wish to support the organization, and expects the readers to be pre-disposed to the same POV. This is wrong; the tone should be that of a neutral reporter, who has learned about the association, and wishes to describe it, using a tone that would leave it unclear whether he actually supports or opposes the group's purposes. Has there been press account, or magazine accounts of the organization? If so, some have probably been supportive, and some have been critical. Include references to each, with quotes of a key phrase from one or two of them.

The third problem is referencing. The importance of the organization must be supported by references providing substantial coverage from 3rd party independent published reliable sources, print or online, but not blogs or press releases, or material derived from press releases. The routine facts about the organization must be cited also, but the organization's own description of itself can be used for routine details, but must be specifically cited. A few such places have been marked by another editor.

For example, it mentions CSPAN stories. Cite them exactly. For help in figuring out how to do so, ask a librarian. All librarians are interested in Wikipedia, even if not all of them support it.

If the question is how to proceed, the first step  DGG ( talk ) 20:51, 26 September 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Military Families Speak Out. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141227210703/http://rutgerspress.rutgers.edu/product/War-Is-Not-a-Game,5324.aspx to http://rutgerspress.rutgers.edu/product/War-Is-Not-a-Game,5324.aspx

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:08, 13 January 2018 (UTC)

Wikipedia Ambassador Program course assignment
This article is the subject of an educational assignment at Southern Connecticut State University supported by the Wikipedia Ambassador Program during the 2011 Q3 term. Further details are available on the course page.

The above message was substituted from by PrimeBOT (talk) on 15:56, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Military Families Speak Out


text:
Student BMJ

Student BMJ is a monthly, international medical journal for medical students and junior doctors. It is published by the BMJ Group.

Student BMJ was launched as a print journal in 1992 with the aim of publishing articles for medical students, and is compiled by a full-time student editor, who takes a year out from medical school. International expert authors and students work together to explain how to read research papers, provide practical careers advice, and put theory into practice both in print and online.

The current student editor is Éabha Lynn who works together with the current senior editor of BMJ.

History
Student BMJ was launched in print format in 1992, becoming the first international journal written specifically for medical students.

Articles
Most of the articles are written by medical students and are submitted rather than commissioned. Student BMJ comprises News, Editorials, Life (a range of articles including debates, ethics, art, history, politics, and student experiences), Careers, Education, Picture quizzes, Research explained (a student friendly appraisal of a BMJ research paper), Views and reviews, and Eyespy (short, quirky medical stories).

Peer review
Although it is a student journal, it functions as any other medical journal. Articles are peer-reviewed by students from all over the world. The journal receives about 50 submissions each month. A decision is made to accept a manuscript or not within eight weeks on average. Only a handful of the submissions are finally accepted.

Impact and awards
The journal has won the Guardian Student Media Award twice.

Other services
The editorial team writes a monthly email alert called 5 Minutes for Students, with short summaries of articles and other services from the BMJ Group. The site also has a native iPhone app, which currently has five different categories in the main interface and allows bookmarking of articles.

Former student editors
The following persons have been student editor of the journal: • 2022-2023 Charlotte Rose

• 2021–2022 Pat Lok

• 2020–2021 Nikki Nabavi

• 2019–2020 Anna Harvey

• 2018–2019 Laura Nunez-Mulder

• 2013–2014 Katherine Bettany

• 2012–2013 Isobel Weinberg

• 2011–2012 Neil Chanchlani

• 2010–2011 Oliver Ellis

• 2009–2010 Prizzi Zarsadias

• 2008–2009 Jessie Colquhoun

• 2007–2008 Hugh Ip

• 2006–2007 Balaji Ravichandran

• 2005–2006 Tiago Villanueva/Klaus Morales

• 2003–2005 Deborah Cohen

• 2002–2003 Anna Ellis

• 2001–2002 Navin Chohan

• 2000–2001 Jason O'Neale Roach

• 1999–2000 Siân Knight

• 1998–1999 Simon Kirwin

• 1997–1998 Jessica Buchan (Westall)

• 1996–1997 Pritpal Tamber

• 1992–1996 Luisa Dillner

title: Student BMJ


text:
User talk:IchiroKani

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! ...en passant! 13:42, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

satanic ritual abuse
Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed or reverted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. ...en passant! 13:42, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:IchiroKani


text:
Toby Edward Rosenthal

Tobias Edward Rosenthal, known as Toby (15 March 1848 in Strasburg, Prussia – 23 December 1917 in Munich) was a German-American genre and portrait painter. He generally claimed to have been born in New Haven, Connecticut.

Biography
Shortly after he was born, his parents emigrated to the United States. They settled in San Francisco in 1858 and his father, Jakob, worked as a tailor. He had expressed a strong desire to be a painter, so they enrolled him at a drawing school operated by a French-born sculptor named Louis Bacon. There, he attracted the attention of the expatriate Mexican artist, Fortunato Arriola, who gave him free lessons.

In 1865, at Arriola's urging, his parents raised the money to send him to Munich, where he became a pupil at the Academy of Fine Arts. His instructors there included Alexander Strähuber and Karl Raupp. Later, he attended master classes taught by Karl Theodor von Piloty. His painting of Johann Sebastian Bach and his family at their morning prayers (1870) was awarded a medal and purchased by the State Museum in Leipzig.

During his stay there, his father had been publishing his letters in the local newspapers. When he returned home, in 1871, he found himself the center of attention, and received numerous commissions for portraits. Despite that, the constant socializing became monotonous, and he went back to Munich. There he painted The Beautiful Elaine (1874), based on a work by Alfred Tennyson, which had been commissioned by a banker in San Francisco. It proved to be a difficult painting, so Rosenthal requested more money for it, but was refused. He then sold it to someone else for several times the originally promised amount. His breach of contract created a small scandal.

In 1876, he participated in the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. He was awarded another medal in 1883 for Trial of the Escaped Nun Constance de Beverley, based on the poem Marmion by Sir Walter Scott, now on display at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

Except for an occasional visit to his family, he spent the rest of his life in Germany and married a local banker's daughter, although he continued to accept commissions from America. He died in 1917, at the age of sixty-nine, and was interred in the Nordfriedhof. His works may be seen at the Art Institute of Chicago and the De Young Museum.

Notable works

 * "Love's Last Offering"
 * "Spring's Joy and Sorrow" (1868)
 * "J.S. Bach and his family at morning prayers" (Leipzig Museum; 1870)
 * The beautiful Elaine, after a ballad of Alfred Tennyson (1874)
 * "Young Monk in Refectory" (1875)
 * "Forbidden Longings"
 * "Who laughs last, laughs best," a humorous genre diptych
 * "Girls' Boarding-School Alarmed" (1877)
 * "A Mother's Prayer" (1881)
 * "Empty Place" (1882)
 * "Trial of the escaped nun Constance de Beverly," after Walter Scott's Marmion (Los Angeles County Museum of Art; 1883)
 * "Dancing Lesson During the Empire"
 * "Departure from the Family"
 * "Out of the Frying-Pan into the Fire," one of the most popular of his works, and frequently engraved (1871)

Writings

 * Toby E. Rosenthal, Erinnerungen eines Malers (Memoirs of a painter), Munich: Richard Pflaum, 1927.

title: Toby Edward Rosenthal