text:
FalconSAT

FalconSAT is the United States Air Force Academy's (USAFA) small satellite engineering program. Satellites are designed, built, tested, and operated by Academy cadets. The project is administered by the USAFA Space Systems Research Center under the direction of the Department of Astronautics. Most of the cadets who work on the project are pursuing a bachelor of science degree in astronautical engineering, although students from other disciplines (typically electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, or computer science) join the project.

Compared to most commercial satellite projects, FalconSAT is considerably lower budget, and follows a very accelerated development cycle. Because of the near total personnel turnover every year (the program is generally a senior cadet project, and graduating cadets must be replaced yearly) it forces the cadet engineers to very quickly learn and become familiar with the satellite systems to which they are assigned.

FalconSAT used to have a sister project, FalconLaunch, to design and develop sounding rocket class vehicles.

Satellites

 * FalconGOLD (COSPAR 1997-065B) – was launched on 25 October 1997 on an Atlas rocket. Tested and proved the feasibility of using GPS to determine orbit position when outside the extent of the GPS constellation. Various web pages document FalconGOLD telemetry, a USAF Academy award, and an AIAA award. The design and launch team is documented on the AIAA award plaque. GPSWorld.com's October 1999 article declared "The results of this low-cost, off-the-shelf experiment were quite encouraging for the use of GPS at high altitudes". This work accelerated enthusiasm for GPS side lobe exploitation. The mission operated from 3 to 9 November 1997, after which the batteries of the device were depleted and the device along with the rocket upper stage to which it was solidly bolted on became derelict objects in orbit.
 * FalconSAT-1 (FS 1, COSPAR 2000-004D) – was launched on 27 January 2000 on a converted Minuteman II missile (that is, Minotaur 1 rocket). It carried the CHAWS (Charging Hazards and Wake Studies) experiment developed by the Physics Department at the Academy. The satellite was successfully placed into orbit but was lost about a month later due to an electrical power system failure. No useful science data was returned, despite repeated recovery attempts. The mission was declared a loss after about a month in orbit. A USAF press statement of June 2002 said: "While FalconSat-1 was a technical failure, it was a resounding academic success".
 * FalconSAT-2 (FS 2, COSPAR 2006-F01) – Significantly damaged when Falcon 1 launch vehicle failed seconds after launch on 24 March 2006. Despite the loss of the launch vehicle, the satellite landed, mostly intact in a support building for the launch vehicle. It was originally scheduled for launch on STS-114 with the Space Shuttle Atlantis in January 2003. Its payload was the MESA instrument (Miniaturized electrostatic Analyzer), which would have been used to sample plasma in the upper atmosphere. The data would have been used to correlate the effect of ionospheric plasma on trans-ionospheric radio communications.
 * FalconSAT-3 (FS 3, COSPAR 2007-006E) – contains 5 experiments, including a gravity gradient boom, launch adapter shock ring, and several AFRL sponsored payloads, including MPACS (Micro Propulsion Attitude Control System), FLAPS (Flat Plasma Spectrometer), and PLANE (Plasma Local Anomalous Noise Experiment). The launch, aboard an Atlas V 401 from SLC-41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, was scheduled to occur on 8 December 2006, however as this was on the same day as the scheduled launch of STS-116, and a 48-hour turnaround was required, it was delayed. Launch took place on 9 March 2007 at 03:10 UTC, alongside MidSTAR-1. While the FalconSAT-3 software architecture at launch limited access to all ADCS sensors, all scientific mission objectives were achieved. Bus software updates are ongoing, enabling enhanced visibility into satellite bus operations and payload performance. In addition to providing both a ground and space based training platform, FalconSAT-3 was used as a trainer for cadets at West Point, student officers at the Air Force Institute of Technology, and a ground station is in work at Vandenberg AFB, California to support the Air Force's Space 100 course. In late September 2017, the Air Force transferred control of FalconSAT-3 to AMSAT for use by the amateur radio service for the 5–6 years of expected life remaining. Non-amateur radio frequencies were disabled. The satellite can be used as a packet radio bulletin board and as a digipeater.  FalconSAT-3 decayed from orbit on 21 January 2023.
 * FalconSAT-5 (FS 5, USA 221, COSPAR 2010-062E) – was launched on 20 November 2010 at 01:25 UTC on board a Minotaur IV. Though the US$12,000,000 mission is listed on a NASA website, data are not being made available to the public through that portal. Instead, all satellite information and data are maintained internally at USAFA, with no public information being released regarding the status of this mission.
 * FalconSAT-6 (FS 6, COSPAR 2018-099BK) – was launched on 3 December 2018 on board a Falcon 9. The satellite test various thrusters and measure the local plasma.
 * Falcon Orbital Debris Experiment (Falcon ODE, also known as AFOTEC 1 (Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center 1), COSPAR 2019-026A) - was launched 5 May 2019 on an Electron rocket on the STP-27RD mission. which is intended to evaluate ground-based tracking of space objects.
 * FalconSat-7 (FS 7, also known as Peregrine or DOTSI, COSPAR 2019-036) – was launched on 25 June 2019 aboard a Falcon Heavy. The primary objective is to demonstrate solar space telescope technology utilizing a membrane photon sieve.
 * FalconSAT-8 was launched on 17 May 2020 at 13:14 UTC on board an Atlas V rocket. The spacecraft will test a novel electromagnetic propulsion system, low-weight antenna technology, a star tracker, a carbon nanotube radio frequency experiment, a commercial reaction wheel to provide attitude control in orbit. The FalconSAT-8 was deployed from the Boeing X-37B spacecraft around 28 May 2020 and is being used by cadets at the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, CO.
 * FalconSAT-X was launched on 11 November 2023 at 18:49 UTC on board a Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket, as part of the Transporter-9 rideshare mission. The satellite will serve as a testbed to demonstrate new technologies as its predecessors, but no information has been released so far about the experiments onboard.

In addition to the above, there were plans to construct FalconSAT-4 (FS 4) satellite, but the mission planned for this satellite was deemed too ambitious and funding could not be found for the satellite, leading to cancellation early on in the development. The satellite was replaced with the simpler FalconSAT-5.

title: FalconSAT


text:
User talk:TedSarvata

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Hey,

Wikipedia did something to change their code that botched up the entire line up section. Even going as far to have it mess up the top scorers section. I couldn't find any changes that occurred and removed them from Timbers, Timbers2, and Thorns.

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title: User talk:TedSarvata


text:
Talk:Brian Fargo

Classic Bard's Tale Rights
The article contained a factual error: Brian Fargo's new company, InExile Entertainment, has not obtained any rights to the classic Bard's Tale trademarks, and cannot use any characters, settings, or plot from the original games.

From an interview on GameBanshee with Eric Flannum, lead designer of their Bard's Tale game:

"GameBanshee: 'Do you plan on including any references within the storyline or dialogue in the game that will refer to characters, locations, or even major enemies from the original Bard's Tale games?'"

"Eric Flannum: 'We don’t have the rights to the content of the original series so we don’t carry over any elements directly from the first game. However, we do parody or make reference to a lot of classic RPG elements and situations. We also drew a lot of our inspiration from the Orkney Islands (Skara Brae, the setting of the first game is in the Orkney Islands and Scottish folklore and mythology.)'"

I'll fix up the article. -- Mecandes 13:50, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Fallout
While Fargo did get involved to some extent in the later Fallout games he did not actually 'create' the franchise, That credit better going to Timothy Cain. See also these MobyGames credits.

Wasteland 2 Kickstarter Success
Congratulations Brian and InXile on your wildly successful Kickstarter campaign!

69.178.85.107 (talk) 02:51, 14 March 2012 (UTC)

Conflation of Brain Fargo and Interplay/inXile Entertainment
A lot of the content about Brian Fargo appears to primarily be about his respective companies. It would be better to delete that information, or move it to the respective companies' pages. Willhesucceed (talk) 11:57, 7 September 2014 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Brian Fargo


text:
Talk:Rescue of the Danish Jews

Removal of "model protectorate..." section
With this edit, I added and removed the "Model protectorate" section, which is really background information about Denmark's experiences during World War II. It has also largely uncited for three and a half years, based on the date on the maintenance tag.

In addition, I removed the "Story of the Danes and the yellow star" section. That's not pertinent to the deportation/rescue topic.–CaroleHenson (talk) 22:37, 9 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rescue of the Danish Jews


text:
Fake Shemp

A fake Shemp is a type of body double who appears in a film to replace another actor or person, usually when the original actor has died or is otherwise unable or unwilling to reprise their role. Their appearance is disguised using methods such as heavy make-up (or a computer-generated equivalent), filming from the back, dubbing in audio and splicing in past footage from the original actor's previous work, using a sound-alike voice actor, or using partial shots of the actor.

Coined by film director Sam Raimi, the term is named after Shemp Howard of The Three Stooges, whose sudden death in 1955 necessitated the use of these techniques to finish the films to which he was already committed. Although using fake Shemps was somewhat common throughout the 20th century, Screen Actors Guild contracts ban reproducing an actor's likeness unless the original actor gave permission to do so, largely because of a lawsuit filed by Crispin Glover—following his replacement by Jeffrey Weissman in Back to the Future Part II—that determined that the method violates the original actor's personality rights. The method continues to be used in cases, such as Shemp's, where the original actor is deceased and permission from the deceased actor's estate is granted.

Origin
The term refers to the comedy trio The Three Stooges. On November 22, 1955, Stooge Shemp Howard died of a heart attack at age 60. At the time, the Stooges still had four shorts left to deliver (Rumpus in the Harem, Hot Stuff, Scheming Schemers, and Commotion on the Ocean) under their annual contract with Columbia Pictures. By this point in the trio's career, budget cuts at Columbia had forced them to rely on stock footage from completed shorts, so they could finish the films without Shemp. New footage was filmed of the other two Stooges (Moe Howard and Larry Fine) and edited with stock footage. When continuity required that Shemp appear in the new scenes, director Jules White used Joe Palma, one of Columbia's bit character actors, as a body double for him. Palma often appeared only from behind or with an object obscuring his face. Palma had appeared as a supporting character in numerous Three Stooges shorts before Shemp's death and continued in that capacity for the trio's shorts with Joe Besser as the third Stooge. These four shorts are the only documented times he performed as Shemp's stand-in; Shemp's usual stunt double was Harold Breen, but these four shorts required someone to double as Shemp in an actor's capacity. While Palma was the inspiration for the term "fake Shemp", the phrase was not used at the time.

The concept predated its use for Shemp by several decades; it had mainly been used to replace actors who died or fell ill during production. Early examples included Shadows of Suspicion in 1919, after Harold Lockwood died of the Spanish flu; Saratoga in 1937 (after Jean Harlow died, having completed most of her scenes and fans lobbied to have the film released), and Return of the Ape Man in 1944, where the illness of George Zucco led to heavyweight boxer Frank Moran's stepping into the role Zucco originated midway through the film.

First use of the term
Aspiring filmmaker Sam Raimi, a professed Stooges fan, coined the term in his first feature-length movie The Evil Dead. Most of his cast and crew abandoned the project after major delays (mostly due to budget issues) pushed production well beyond the scheduled six weeks. He was forced to use himself, his longtime friends Bruce Campbell, Rob Tapert, and Josh Becker, his assistant David Goodman, and his brother Ted Raimi as "fake Shemps". Sam Raimi's later productions in film and television have also often used the term to refer to stand-ins or nameless characters. For example, 16 fake Shemps were included in the credits for Army of Darkness, Raimi's second sequel to The Evil Dead.

Other examples
There have been many fake Shemps over the years. The death of actor John Candy forced the use of a fake Shemp to complete filming of Wagons East!. Nancy Marchand died before the filming of the third season of The Sopranos, necessitating fake Shemp techniques such as reusing old footage and digitally superimposing Marchand's face onto the body of a stand-in to allow her character Livia Soprano to appear one final time before the character's death in "Proshai, Livushka", costing approximately $250,000.

For the 1989 film Back to the Future Part II, the actor Crispin Glover was asked to reprise the role of George McFly. Glover indicated interest, but did not agree with the producers because, according to Glover, his salary was significantly less than his co-stars. For the George McFly character to appear, the director, Robert Zemeckis, used previously filmed footage of Glover from the first film and inter-spliced Jeffrey Weissman, who wore prosthetics including a false chin, nose, and cheekbones and used various obfuscating methods, such as background, sunglasses, rear shot, and even upside-down, to resemble Glover. Dissatisfied with these plans, Glover sued the producers, including Steven Spielberg, on the grounds that they neither owned his likeness nor had permission to use it. Due to Glover's lawsuit, Screen Actors Guild collective bargaining agreements include clauses stating that producers and actors cannot use such methods to reproduce the likeness of other actors.

Advances in visual effects, especially the development of automated deepfake technology, have allowed for more sophisticated fake Shemps. In 1999, during the filming of Gladiator, Oliver Reed died before filming all his scenes. As a result, a fake Shemp replaced him, and the ending was changed. In 2013, Paul Walker died from a car crash before completing the filming for Furious 7. Subsequently, the story arc for Walker's character Brian O'Conner was rewritten to allow for his retirement from the series. To achieve this, co-star John Brotherton and Walker's brothers Caleb and Cody were used as Shemps, with computer-generated facial replacement used to recreate his likeness when necessary. Carrie Fisher died in 2016 before she could film any of her scenes for Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker. Footage of Fisher shot for The Force Awakens was used in the film by superimposing her head onto a digital body.

title: Fake Shemp


text:
Aremberg

Aremberg is a municipality in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Nearby are the ruins of Aremberg Castle, once a mighty fortress of the House of Arenberg, on the summit of the Aremberg.

title: Aremberg


text: User talk:24.75.240.10

title: User talk:24.75.240.10


text:
Talk:Fine dining

Untitled
what is a proper defination of a FINE DINING RESTAURANT ? and which type of problems can we face related to FINE DINING RESTAURANT ?

 * I don't know, but have you seen my frog? Him name Hopkin.

hei! Hyvää joulua — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.155.52.121 (talk) 16:11, 4 March 2017 (UTC)

restaurants
what is fine dining? 178.86.29.137 (talk) 12:08, 10 April 2022 (UTC)

"Fine Dining" is leaving still hungry and skint! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.25.249.162 (talk) 16:17, 27 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fine dining


text:
You're Breaking My Heart

"You're Breaking My Heart" is a popular song, which was first published in 1948. Though credited to Pat Genaro and Sunny Skylar, (with acknowledgements to the owners of the copyright in "Tis the Day") the song is an English version of the famous Italian song "Mattinata" written by Ruggero Leoncavallo at the beginning of the 20th century; that song had lapsed into the public domain in the United States by the time this English song was set to its tune.

Popular recordings
Popular versions on the charts in 1949 included recordings by:
 * The Vic Damone recording was released by Mercury Records as catalog number 5271. The flip side was "Four Winds and Seven Seas." The recording first entered the Billboard chart on June 10, 1949, lasting 26 weeks and peaking at position No. 1.
 * The Ink Spots' recording featuring Bill Kenny (June 27, 1949) was released by Decca Records as catalog number 24693. The recording first entered the Billboard chart on August 12, 1949, lasting 14 weeks and peaking at position No. 9.
 * The Buddy Clark recording was recorded on June 21, 1949, and released by Columbia Records as catalog number 38546. The recording first entered the Billboard chart on September 2, 1949, lasting 13 weeks and peaking at position No. 9.
 * The Jan Garber recording was released by Capitol Records as catalog number 719 with "Now That I Need You" on the flip side. The recording first entered the Billboard chart on September 23, 1949, lasting two weeks and peaking at position No. 26.

Other recordings

 * The song was also recorded by Ralph Flanagan and his orchestra, with vocalist Harry Prime, on August 18, 1949, and released by the Bluebird Records subsidiary of RCA Victor Records as catalog number 30-0001.
 * Keely Smith's remake made the British Top 20 in 1965.

Popular culture

 * Eddie Fisher also notably sang this song on a number of early 1950s television programs, often presided over by Eddie Cantor, and during a number of live performances, but never actually recorded it. However, several of those versions can be heard on music video platforms.

title: You're Breaking My Heart


text:
Tom Connally

Thomas Terry Connally (August 19, 1877 – October 28, 1963) was an American politician, who represented Texas in both the U.S. Senate and the House of Representatives, as a member of the Democratic Party. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1917 to 1929, and in the U.S. Senate from 1929 to 1953.

Connally led the opposition to federal anti-lynching legislation in the late 1930s, filibustering the Anti-Lynching Bill of 1937. He advocated in favor of Jim Crow laws, for example opposing equal education for black people. In the House, Connally was a staunch Wilsonian Democrat who campaigned in favor of the League of Nations, and the World Court. In the Senate, he chaired the Committee on Foreign Relations from 1941, giving strong support to President Franklin Roosevelt's anti-German and anti-Japanese policies. He worked with Republican Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg to ensure bipartisan support for an internationalist policy, including the new United Nations. He led the committee in supporting the Truman Doctrine in 1947, the Marshall Plan in 1948 and NATO in 1949.

Early life and education
Connally studied at Baylor University and earned his A.B. in 1896. He later attended the University of Texas School of Law, earning his LL.B. in 1898. While there, Connally was a close friend of future Governor of Texas Pat Neff and future United States Senator Morris Sheppard. After earning his law degree, he enlisted in the 2nd Texas Volunteer Infantry to fight in the Spanish–American War. After the end of the war, he established a law firm in Marlin, Texas, where he worked until his entry into politics.

Political career
Connally ran unopposed and was elected to the Texas House of Representatives in 1900 and 1902. During his tenure in the Texas House he was a prominent opponent of monopolies and co-authored the Texas Anti-Trust Law of 1903. After 1904, he left state politics to pursue his legal career, and served as the prosecuting attorney for Falls County from 1906 to 1910. In 1916, he made his first foray into national politics by running for the vacant House seat for the 11th Congressional District of Texas. After taking a leave of absence to fight in World War I, Connally returned to the House where he served on the House Committee on Foreign Affairs and worked against isolationist policies.

In 1928 Connally was elected to the U.S. Senate. During his time in the Senate he supported Roosevelt's New Deal legislation through the passage of the Connally Hot Oil Act of 1935, which attempted to circumvent the Supreme Court of the United States' rejection of a key part of New Deal legislation.

During most of his tenure in the Senate Connally was a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and served as chairman from 1941 to 1947, and 1949 to 1953. As Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was instrumental in the ratification of the treaty creating the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

He was also a member and vice-chairman of the United Nations Conference on International Organization in 1945 that chartered the United Nations. He authored the noted "Connally Amendment," which amended the U.S. ratification of the U.N. charter to bar the International Court of Justice from having jurisdiction over domestic matters '"as determined by the United States"'.

On October 20, 1951, when General Mark Wayne Clark, an Episcopalian whose mother was Jewish, was nominated by President Harry Truman to be the U.S. emissary to the Holy See, Connally protested against the decision on the basis that Clark was alleged to have caused a large number of needless deaths at the Battle of Rapido River. Clark withdrew his nomination on January 13, 1952.

In 1953, Connally retired from the Senate, ending his career in national politics.

Role as chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee
In 1943 a confidential analysis by British scholar Isaiah Berlin of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for the British government characterized Senator Connally:
 * The chairman of the Committee, Tom Connally of Texas, is a very typical, exuberant Southern figure with the appearance and mannerisms of an old-fashioned actor and a gay and hearty manner which conceals lack both of strength and of clear public principles. He is normally the spokesman of the Administration and, in particular, of the Department of State. His voting record is that of a straight interventionist. His principal point of deviation from [Secretary of State] Hull's policies is the subject to which Mr. Hull has dedicated a large portion of his life, namely, the policy of reciprocal trade. Representing as he does, a great cattle breeding State, his enthusiasm for free trade with, e.g., the Argentine, is not ardent. He has been a solid supporter of the department's policies toward, e.g., France and North Africa. His support of its economic policies is regarded as doubtful. On internal issues he shares all the beliefs and prejudices of the South.

During his time in office, Senator Connally also served as the first delegate from the United States to the United Nations First Committee, known at the time in 1946 as The Political and Security Committee. Meetings of the First Committee were held from October to December 1946 in the village of Lake Success in New York. Mr. Connally was the first to move for the recommendation to the General Assembly to accept the applications of Afghanistan, Iceland, and Sweden, after they had been approved by the Security Council.

Personal life
Connally's first wife was Cincinnati Conservatory-trained vocalist Louise Clarkson of Marlin, Texas, who died in her husband's Senate office of a sudden heart attack in 1935. The couple had one son, Houston attorney Ben Clarkson Connally, a U.S. district judge. Connally later married Lucile Sanderson Sheppard, the widow of his former Senate colleague, Morris Sheppard of Texarkana, Texas.

Death
Tom Connally died of pneumonia on October 28, 1963. He is buried in Calvary Cemetery in Marlin, Texas, next to his first wife.

title: Tom Connally


text:
Augustine Eguavoen

Augustine Owen Eguavoen (born 19 August 1965) is a Nigerian football manager and former player who thrice served as manager of the Nigeria national team.

Club
During his varied career Eguavoen began his career as a defender with ACB Lagos in his native Nigeria, some impressive performances gained him a move to Gent in 1986. He went on to play for K.V. Kortrijk, CD Ourense, Sacramento Scorpions, Torpedo Moscow and finished his career in Malta with Sliema Wanderers.

International
Eguavoen was a member of the Nigeria national team squad that qualified for the country's first ever World Cup in 1994, and won the African Nations Cup in the same year.

Sliema Wanderers
Eguavoen began his coaching career in Malta with Sliema Wanderers, he was given the job as player-coach for the 1999–2000 season, but lasted in that role for only few months. He kept playing for Sliema in the 2000–01 season.

Nigeria
Eguavoen was appointed the caretaker coach of the Nigeria national team in June 2005 with his coaching staff including Samson Siasia, Daniel Amokachi and Ike Shorunmu. He managed the Nigeria national team at the 2006 Africa Cup of Nations in Egypt, where the team won a bronze medal, beating Senegal in the third-place play-off. He was sacked in April 2006.

Black Leopards
Eguavoen then moved to South Africa, to take over Premier Soccer League side Black Leopards in March 2008.

Enyimba International
In the 2008–09 season, Eguavoen was head coach at Enyimba International in Aba, however he left soon after, leading them to a 3rd-place finish in league and winning the Federation Cup.

Return to Nigeria
In June 2010, the Nigeria Football Federation asked Eguavoen to replace Swedish Lars Lagerbäck until he decide his future plans. He was brought in as caretaker manager but said that he has no intention of submitting an application to take the role on a permanent basis. Eguavoen was also appointed as the head coach of the Nigeria national under-23 football team in August 2010. He expected his team would have a qualification for the 2012 London Olympic Games, but they were knocked out in the group stage. On 5 December 2011, he resigned from his job following the failure to secure the Olympics ticket.

On 27 October 2012, he was named manager of Sharks F.C. to allow John Obuh to concentrate on the Nigeria Under-20 team. He resigned however after seven games when the team started at the bottom of the table. He signed in April 2013 to coach Nigeria National League side COD United.

In November 2013, he was hired by the Edo State government to coach Bendel Insurance with the intent of getting them back to the Premier League. He resigned in July 2014 to take over Gombe United F.C.

In April 2017, he joined Sunshine Stars. but was let go in June after a home loss to league leaders Plateau United.

In October 2020, the Nigerian Football Federation, appointed Eguavoen as the Technical Director of the Federation.

On 12 December 2021, Eguavoen was appointed manager of Nigeria on an interim basis for the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations, following the departure of Gernot Rohr. After Nigeria exited from the round of sixteen with an agonising defeat to Tunisia, he returned to his position as the Technical Director of the side.

As a Player
Nigeria
 * Africa Cup of Nations: 1994

As a Coach
Nigeria
 * Africa Cup of Nations third place: 2006 (Bronze)

Enyimba International
 * Nigeria Federation Cup: 2008–09 Season

title: Augustine Eguavoen


text:
Talk:Fake Shemp

Comments
Was about time this showed up. Anybody care to correct it? --The Singularity 14:15, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

I had been hoping someone would help me edit this and some have, but missed the references (as have I first time around). After seeing the WikiWorld cartoon I figured the article needs to be cleaned up. I did what I could and added some references. Hope this helps. I've also tentatively removed the No Reference notice. --The Singularity 23:39, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I think when Bela Lugosi died before Plan 9 From Outer Space was finished, they fake-Shemped him. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.122.63.142 (talk) 18:28, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Definitely. Tom Mason standing in for the deceased Lugosi is one of the most notable Fake Shemp occurrences ever, and fits in exactly with the original definition.  It should definitely be mentioned.  Details are on the wikipedia entry for that movie.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.124.195.245 (talk) 18:11, 14 February 2011 (UTC)

Why is this flagged for deletion? I don't see any applicable reason. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ftg3plus4 (talk • contribs) 22 September 2009

So, in the recent Star Wars film "Rogue One", isn't Moff Tarkin played by a fake Shemp (live actor plus CGI of Peter Cushing, who played Tarkin in the original film). What about the final scene with Princess Leia (stand in actor filmed from the back, and (badly) CGI'd young Carrie Fisher's face when she turns around). Seems to me perfect examples of fake Shemp that would be familiar to those who might not be as familiar with some of the older works mentions. 66.170.243.1 (talk) 16:16, 10 April 2017 (UTC)

References needed
This article needs references to reliable sources to show that this is actually a notable term. As it is, most of the references are to other Wikipedia pages, which are not considered reliable; nor is Urban Dictionary or an IMDB credits page. As it is, the article is basically original research - if better references can't be found, it should be re-nominated for deletion. Robofish (talk) 15:53, 4 February 2010 (UTC)

Are you sure about this? I was under the impression that it was Emile Sitka who most often played "the back of Shemp's head" in most of the Fake Shemp films. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.110.241.234 (talk) 04:44, 23 September 2013 (UTC)

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Oliver Reed in Gladiator
I'm no expert on this, but it seems like Gladiator deserves a mention in this article. Oliver Reed died during production so some shots used a stand-in for his character. Lots of media coverage of the film mentioned this, including: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-26039225 MartinPoulter (talk) 10:27, 3 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fake Shemp


text:
Paul Kletzki

Paul Kletzki (born Paweł Klecki; 21 March 1900 – 5 March 1973) was a Polish conductor and composer.

Biography
Born in Łódź, Kletzki joined the Łódź Philharmonic at the age of fifteen as a violinist. After serving in the First World War, he studied philosophy at the University of Warsaw before moving to Berlin in 1921 to continue his studies. During the 1920s his compositions were championed by Arturo Toscanini; and Wilhelm Furtwängler, who permitted Kletzki to conduct the Berlin Philharmonic in 1925. Because he was Jewish, he left Nazi Germany in 1933 and moved to Milan, Italy, where he taught composition. Due to the antisemitism of the Italian Fascist regime he moved to the Soviet Union in 1936.

During the Holocaust a number of Kletzki's family were murdered by the Nazis including his parents and his sister. In 1946, he participated in the reopening of La Scala in Milan.

In 1949, he became a Swiss citizen.

In the post-war years Kletzki was a renowned conductor, especially of Gustav Mahler. In 1954 he was appointed chief conductor of the Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra. In 1955, he conducted the first recordings of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. Between 1958 and 1961 he was principal conductor of the Dallas Symphony Orchestra. From 1967 until 1970 he was the General Music Director of the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande.

He died on 5 March 1973 at 72 years of age after collapsing during a rehearsal at the Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra.

Work
Most of Paul Kletzki's compositions were thought to be destroyed during World War II. However, during excavations in Milan in 1965, a chest was found containing the scores he had left in the basement of the Hotel Metropole in 1941. Kletzki, fearing his scores had turned to dust, did not open the chest. Upon his death in 1973 his wife, Yvonne, opened the chest finding his scores well-preserved.

Kletzki's most notable work is his Third Symphony, completed in October 1939, with the subtitle 'In memoriam'. It is an elegiac work interpreted as a moving monument to the victims of Nazism. Other works include three string quartets, a Sinfonietta for strings, a Fantasy for piano, and a sonata for violin and piano. From 1942 onwards Kletzki wrote no more compositions; he argued that Nazism had destroyed his spirit and his will to compose.

title: Paul Kletzki


text:
2005 Jersey general election

General elections were held in Jersey in 2005 to elect both Senators and Deputies to the States Assembly.

Results for senators
The results for the election of senators were as follows:

Results for deputies
The results for the election of deputies were as follows:

Grouville
Carolyn Labey was elected unopposed.

St Martin
Bob Hill was elected unopposed.

St Ouen
James Reed was elected unopposed.

St Peter
Colin Egre was elected unopposed.

St Saviour No. 3
Roy Le Herissier was elected unopposed.

Trinity
Anne Pryke was elected unopposed.

title: 2005 Jersey general election


text: Category:World War II weapons of the Soviet Union


text:
Mount Jukes mine sites

The Mount Jukes mine sites were a series of short-lived, small mine workings high on the upper regions of Mount Jukes in the West Coast Range on the West Coast of Tasmania.

Upper Lake Jukes and Lake Jukes had short lived mining companies incorporating the names of the lakes.

These mine sites (including Jukes Proprietary on the northern edge of Mount Jukes above the King River Gorge) are examples of early twentieth century ingenuity where all equipment was transported with difficulty up small tracks from locations such as Crotty.

Access to parts of the slopes of Mount Jukes have been assisted by the construction of the Mount Jukes road by the HEC following their construction of the King River Dam and the impoundment of Lake Burbury.

List of mines
This list incorporates mines on Mount Darwin as the mineral zone of Mount Jukes is frequently cited as the Jukes-Darwin mineral zone.
 * From the north:
 * Jukes Proprietary – copper and gold
 * Lake Jukes        –  copper – low grade
 * Hydes            –  copper – low grade
 * Hal Jukes         –  copper – low grade
 * Taylours Reward   –  barite
 * East Darwin       –  copper
 * Findons           –  copper
 * Mount Darwin      –  copper and gold
 * Prince Darwin     –  copper and gold

title: Mount Jukes mine sites


text:
Talk:Bill Berry

Overly detailed post-retirement appearances
I think that the last three recently added paragraphs (starting from Mike Mills' comment) are vain. We don't need to know about one performace in such detail. It is possible to report such details in music magazines, and in extremely detailed R.E.M books, but not in an encyclopedia article. I am fan, I don't easily get annoyed when I see factual R.E.M. material. But the setlist and comments about one show are unsuitable for Wikipedia. -Hapsiainen 14:19, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

I disagree Bill Has'nt done much since his retirement and any performance he does with the band until he officaly comes out of retirement (aka records with the rest of REM) is noteworthy and keeps the artical from being a stub then nominated for deletion. --Hagamaba 01:43, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Nobody is seriously going to propose deletion of this article. Phil Sandifer 22:45, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

Overlong retirement section
The retirement section is overlong, and in an excessively informal tone, hence the addition of the cleanup tag. Phil Sandifer 22:45, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

Cleaned up
I have run through the article, boiling down the way excessive detail in both of the above areas. Accordingly I have removed the 'cleanup' tag. Wasted Time R 12:01, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

ccMixter
Bill Berry has an account with ccMixter where he does some rather good remixes. Not sure if it's worth or mention or a link, but all the stuff is under a CC license so it's not exactly a commercial plug. Stilroc (talk) 06:56, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

Peacock Terms
Removed the phrase "By the early 1990s, they had become one of the most acclaimed bands in the world", which contains peacock terms and does not contribute any useful information to the article. SomebodyElse321 (talk) 11:27, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

Chart
Why are all his projects in some giant ugly charts instead of being in the prose of the article. 18:46, 9 December 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.207.103.73 (talk)

Replaced by...?
I can't find, in relevant article, what the band did for percussion after Berry left. New drummer(s)? Drum machine? Pre-recorded loops of Berry? Percussionless? This should be clear in this article, in R.E.M., in articles on the post-Berry albums. — SMcCandlish  Talk⇒ ʕ(Õلō)ˀ  Contribs. 07:44, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

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text:
John Huddleston

Father John Huddleston (15 April 1608 – buried 13 September 1698) was an English Roman Catholic priest, and a monk of the Order of St Benedict who helped Charles II during his escape and was present when Charles converted to the Catholic faith on his deathbed.

Early life and education
John Huddleston was born at Farington Hall, Lancashire, the second son of Joseph Huddleston from Hutton John, near Penrith in Cumberland. His uncle, Richard Huddleston, was a Benedictine priest. John was educated at the school at nearby Great Blencow until he was fifteen. When he was twenty he was sent to St Omer College, and on 17 October 1632, entered the English College, Rome. On 22 March 1637, Huddleston was ordained priest in St John Lateran, and left Rome for England on 28 March 1639.

Chaplain to Thomas Whitgrave
In 1651 he was staying at Moseley Old Hall, Staffordshire, as chaplain to Thomas Whitgrave's family, prominent local Catholics. After the defeat at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651, Charles II was conducted by Colonel Gifford to White Ladies Priory on Gifford's Boscobel estate. At White Ladies, the King was sheltered by the five Penderell brothers who lived there. John Penderell happened to meet Father Huddleston, who suggested that the King should go to Moseley Old Hall on the night of 7 September. Huddleston cleaned and bandaged the King's sore feet. To guard against surprise Huddleston was constantly in attendance on the king; his three pupils were stationed as sentinels at upper windows and Thomas Whitgrave patrolled the garden.

On 9 September, Parliamentary troops questioned Whitgrave, while the King and Huddleston were hiding in the priest-hole. The troops were persuaded that Whitgrave had not fought at Worcester (though he had fought and been captured at the Battle of Naseby in 1645). The troops left without searching the house.

Benedictines of the Spanish Congregation
Before the King left to meet Jane Lane at Bentley Hall, he promised to look after Huddleston when restored to his throne. Some time afterward, Huddleston joined the Benedictines of the Spanish Congregation. After the Restoration in 1660, Huddleston was invited to live at Somerset House, London, under the protection of Queen Henrietta Maria. After her death in 1669, he was appointed chaplain to Queen Catherine, with a salary of £100 a year. During the disturbances produced by Titus Oates's pretended revelations of the 'Popish Plot', the House of Lords voted on 7 December 1678 that Huddleston, Thomas Whitgrave, the brothers Penderell, and others involved in Charles II's escape should "for their said service live as freely as any of the King's Protestant subjects, without being liable to the penalties of any of the laws relating to Popish recusants".

When Charles II lay dying on the evening of 5 February 1685, his brother and heir the Duke of York brought Huddleston to his bedside, saying, "Sire, this good man once saved your life. He now comes to save your soul." Charles declared that he wished to die in the faith and communion of the Holy Roman Catholic Church. Huddleston then heard the King's confession, reconciled him to the Church and absolved him, afterwards administering Extreme Unction and the Viaticum. On the accession of James II, Huddleston continued to stay with the Queen Catherine at Somerset House.

Illness and death
Shortly before his death aged 90 his mind failed and he was placed in the charge of a trustee. He was buried in the churchyard of St Mary le Strand.

Legacy
Several portraits of Huddleston exist: Jacob Huysmans' done in 1685 is at Hutton John; another is at Sawston Hall, Cambridgeshire.

His Roman Missal (1623) was bought at auction by the National Trust in 2023 and is on display at Moseley Old Hall.

title: John Huddleston


text:
Jodee Rich

John David "Jodee" Rich (born 1960) is an Australian businessman. He was a founder of the defunct mobile phone provider One.Tel and the software distributor Imagineering Australia. He is now the CEO and founder of social analytics and influence measurement provider PeopleBrowsr and the creator of new TLDs dotCEO, dotBest and dotKred.

Background and education
Rich was born to a German Jewish father, Steven Rich, who, in 1963, settled in Australia to manage Hunter Douglas, a Venetian blind manufacturer, and his wife, Gail, born in Australia. Steven Rich went on to create the Traveland travel agency, was the deputy chairman of the Salvation Army in 1971 and was awarded an Order of Australia in 2001. Steven Rich subsequently created Focus Publishing.

Rich wrote his first software program on punch cards in 1972 at the age of 12. He was educated at Cranbrook School in Bellevue Hill, Sydney. During his Cranbrook days Rich started a business renting fish tanks. At Cranbrook he met Rodney Adler, who would go on to become a director of One.Tel. In 1980 Rich developed a commodity analysis system on 64k Apple II, which he later sold to investment banks. He studied Accounting, Economics and Computer Science at University of Sydney, graduating in 1981 with a Bachelor of Economics.

In 1987, Rich married Maxine Brenner, a corporate lawyer who has sat on the board of a public company, Neverfail Springwater, and has served as a member of the Takeovers Panel, a government body involved in the resolution of sharemarket disputes.

Imagineering
In 1981, Rich launched Imagineering Australia and the company was floated in 1987. Shares in Imagineering peaked at $8 but the company sold to a Hong Kong group for 10c a share in 1990.

One.Tel
Rich formed One.Tel, a service provider of GSM mobile and long-distance calls, in Australia in 1995 (with James Packer as a shareholder) competing against Telstra and Optus. The company acquired a GSM operation for $500 million in 2000. One.Tel Australia was placed in administration in May 2001. One.Tel UK was sold to Centrica for $200 million and later to Carphone Warehouse who retired the brand in favour of its TalkTalk brand.

Beginning in December 2001, Rich was the defendant in legal proceedings brought by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). During the case, known as ASIC v Rich, Rich was in the witness box for over 33 days. Justice Austin later said in his judgment Rich "demonstrated that he was a very well prepared witness, knowledgeable about the subject matter of his evidence, who responded to questions thoughtfully and clearly, sometimes even perceptively. This was notwithstanding the arduous circumstances of his cross examination, extending over 25 days".

Rich was exonerated on 18 November 2009 when Justice Robert Austin ruled that ASIC had "failed to prove any aspect of its pleaded case."

Other business achievements
In 2007, Rich founded PeopleBrowsr. In 2011, PeopleBrowsr launched Kred Influence Measurement.

On 27 March 2013, Rich launched the TLD dotCEO. It is marketed to CEOs.

title: Jodee Rich


text:
Talk:Government House, Brisbane

Untitled
Does anyone have any photos of Government House which show more detail of the building than the ones on the article? Figaro 13:31, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

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Maryla Rodowicz

Maria Antonina Rodowicz, known professionally as Maryla Rodowicz, ( Polish pronunciation : born 8 December 1945 in Zielona Góra), is a Polish singer, guitarist and actress. Throughout over 60 years of her career, she released twenty Polish and four foreign-language studio albums including five with platinum and three with gold certifications and selling over 15 million records. Known for her close collaboration with Agnieszka Osiecka and Seweryn Krajewski, her most popular songs include "Małgośka" (1974), "Futbol" (1974), "Remedium" (1978), "Niech żyje bal" (1984), "Łatwopalni" (1997) and "Wszyscy chcą kochać" (2005). She remains one of the most prominent and successful artists in the history of popular music in Poland.

Among the numerous awards and decorations she received are Gold Cross of Merit, Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta and Gold Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis.

Early life
Originally the Rodowicz family came from Vilnius. Her father worked at the Stefan Batory University in Vilnius before the war and her grandparents were the owners of a pharmacy near the famous Gate of Dawn, the city gate of Vilnius. Rodowicz studied at Liceum Ziemi Kujawskiej (Cuiavian Land High School) in Włocławek and graduated from the Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego (Academy of Physical Education) in Rumpe. In her youth, she was a keen participant in athletics among other things at Kujawiak Włocławek.

Career
Her career began in 1967, after winning first prize at the Festiwal Piosenki i Piosenkarzy Studenckich (Student Songs and Singers' Festival) in Kraków. Two years later she recorded her first well-known song, "Mówiły mu" ("The girls told him", English version known as "Love Doesn't Grow On Trees"), and in 1970 - her first longplay. In 1973, she gained popularity with the song "Małgośka" with lyrics by Agnieszka Osiecka. A year later, during the World Cup Opening Ceremony in Munich, she performed a song "Futbol" ("Football").

The singer's body of work comprises over 600 recorded songs, with over 20 Polish albums as well as albums in English, Czech, German and Russian. Apart from "Małgośka", the artist's most famous songs are "Niech żyje bal" ("Long live the ball"), "To już było" ("Done that"), "Wielka Woda" ("Great water"), "Rozmowa przez ocean" ("Talk over the ocean"), "Bossanova do poduszki" ("Bedside bossa nova"), "Łatwopalni" ("Inflammables") and her latest album's hits such as "Wszyscy chcą kochać" ("Everybody wants to love") and "Będzie co ma być" ("What is to be, will be"). In 2005 she recorded an album Kochać (To love) with lyrics by Katarzyna Nosowska. On the occasion of World Cup 2006, she recorded a song "Za Janasa" ("For Janas") with Nosowska's lyrics.

Rodowicz has performed in concert worldwide: in Europe, America, Australia, and Asia. She has won awards for her singing. She has also participated in various festivals including outside the borders of Poland, for example in Oklahoma City, Tulsa, and Los Angeles, as well as in Poland including the Festiwal Piosenki i Piosenkarzy Studenckich (Student Songs and Singers' Festival) in Kraków and the National Festival of Polish Song in Opole.

Rodowicz is also an actress who has performed in several movies and in musical entertainment. She regularly performs in a Polsat TV channel series Rodzina zastępcza (Foster Family).

In 1992 she released her autobiography under the title of Niech żyje bal.

She was featured in a 2012 episode of the Polish Name That Tune, known as Jaka to Melodia, in which she sang her rendition of the popular Chór Czejanda number Czerwony Autobus ("The Red Bus") after a celebrity contestant guessed the song.

On August 18, 2021, it was announced that she will appear in the third season of The Voice Senior as a coach, replacing Izabela Trojanowska. Her life and music career was the subject of a documentary film entitled ''Maryla. Tak kochałam'' aired by TVP1 channel in December the same year.

Songs
The notable Polish Madonna written by Agnieszka Osiecka (an emotional portrait of an average Polish woman trying to make ends meet) contains clear Catholic symbolism and references to the social circumstances characteristic to Poland in the late eighties that marked the last years of the communist era in Poland. In this song, the author questions whether the "Polish Madonna" (or, in other words, the Catholic Holy Mary, usually portrayed as holding baby Jesus in her arms) has enough money to pay for rent, promising her that the child will get a welcome allowance to the public kindergarten. The old communist promises are never fulfilled for her, and her dreams of having a lipstick "made in France" can only come true in her dreams. The song won the journalists' prize at the Opole festival in 1987.

Personal life
In mid-1970s, she was in a highly publicized relationship with actor Daniel Olbrychski. She has three children, Jan Jasiński (born in 1979) and Katarzyna Jasińska (born in 1982) with her partner Krzysztof Jasiński. She also has a son Jędrzej (born in 1987) with her (now divorced) husband Andrzej Dużyński.

title: Maryla Rodowicz


text:
Supreme Court of Illinois

The Supreme Court of Illinois is the state supreme court, the highest court of the judiciary of Illinois. The court's authority is granted in Article VI of the current Illinois Constitution, which provides for seven justices elected from the five appellate judicial districts of the state: three justices from the First District (Cook County) and one from each of the other four districts. Absent mid-term vacancy, each justice is elected for a term of ten years, which may be renewed and the chief justice is elected by the court from its members for a three-year term.

Jurisdiction
The court has limited original jurisdiction and has final appellate jurisdiction. It has jurisdiction in cases where the constitutionality of laws has been called into question, and discretionary jurisdiction from the Illinois Appellate Court. Until 2011, when Illinois abolished the death penalty, it had mandatory jurisdiction in capital cases. Along with the state legislature, the court promulgates rules for all state courts. Also, its members have the authority to elevate trial judges to the appellate court on a temporary basis. The court administers professional discipline through the Attorney Registration and Disciplinary Committee and it governs initial licensing through the Illinois Board of Admissions to the Bar.

For publication of its decisions and rulings, the official law report of the Illinois Supreme Court is Illinois Reports.

Districts
The Illinois Supreme Court is separated into 5 districts, with one Justice elected from each except the 1st, which elects three Justices. The districts are separated along county lines.

These districts were first established in 1963 and had not been updated in nearly sixty years, despite the Illinois Constitution's requirement that the four districts outside the 1st District (Cook County) have "substantially equal population". As of 2018 Census estimates, the populations of the old districts before the 2021 redistricting were: 1st District: 5,194,000; 2nd District: 3,189,000; 3rd District: 1,805,000; 4th District 1,320,000; 5th District: 1,321,000. In comparison, the 2020 Census reports the populations of the current districts as: 1st District: 5,275,541; 2nd District: 1,773,382; 3rd District: 1,959,246; 4th District 2,086,825; 5th District: 1,717,514. The state legislature redrew districts in 2021 to take effect in the 2022 elections, Illinois Governor J. B. Pritzker signed these changes into law.

Below are the counties per district based on the 2021 redistricting. Only the first district has remained entirely the same.

1st district

 * Cook

2nd district

 * DeKalb
 * Kane
 * Kendall
 * Lake
 * McHenry

3rd district

 * Bureau
 * DuPage
 * Grundy
 * Iroquois
 * Kankakee
 * LaSalle
 * Will

4th district

 * Adams
 * Boone
 * Brown
 * Calhoun
 * Carroll
 * Cass
 * Ford
 * Fulton
 * Greene
 * Hancock
 * Henderson
 * Henry
 * Jersey
 * Jo Daviess
 * Knox
 * Lee
 * Livingston
 * Logan
 * Macoupin
 * Marshall
 * Mason
 * McDonough
 * McLean
 * Menard
 * Mercer
 * Morgan
 * Ogle
 * Peoria
 * Piatt
 * Pike
 * Putnam
 * Rock Island
 * Sangamon
 * Schuyler
 * Scott
 * Stark
 * Stephenson
 * Tazewell
 * Vermilion
 * Warren
 * Winnebago
 * Whiteside
 * Woodford

5th district

 * Alexander
 * Bond
 * Champaign
 * Christian
 * Clark
 * Clay
 * Clinton
 * Coles
 * Crawford
 * Cumberland
 * DeWitt
 * Douglas
 * Edgar
 * Edwards
 * Effingham
 * Fayette
 * Franklin
 * Gallatin
 * Hamilton
 * Hardin
 * Jackson
 * Jasper
 * Jefferson
 * Johnson
 * Lawrence
 * Macon
 * Madison
 * Marion
 * Massac
 * Monroe
 * Montgomery
 * Moultrie
 * Perry
 * Pope
 * Pulaski
 * Randolph
 * Richland
 * Saline
 * Shelby
 * St. Clair
 * Union
 * Wabash
 * Washington
 * Wayne
 * White
 * Williamson

Qualifications and elections
Justices are required to be U.S. citizens, members of the state bar, and resident in the district from which they are elected or appointed. Justices run in a general election for a 10-year term. At the end of the initial term, they may run in a non-partisan retention election where they must receive 60% of the vote to be retained for continuing terms of ten years. When a vacancy occurs mid-term, the Supreme Court itself appoints a new justice. The appointed justice must run in the next partisan election (including primaries) that is more than 60 days from their appointment for a 10-year term to hold the seat. The court elects the chief justice from among its members for a three-year term.

Justices
While the justices of many states' supreme courts are expected to relocate to the state capital for the duration of their terms of office, the justices of the Illinois Supreme Court continue to reside in their home constituencies and have chambers in their respective appellate districts (for example, the three First District justices are chambered in the Michael Bilandic Building in Chicago). The justices travel to Springfield to hear oral arguments and deliberate. Accordingly, the Illinois Supreme courthouse building includes apartments for the justices' use while in Springfield.

2000–present

 * Thomas R. Fitzgerald (2000–2010)
 * Philip J. Rarick (2002–2004)
 * Robert R. Thomas (2000–2020)
 * Thomas L. Kilbride (2000–2020)
 * Rita Garman (2001–2022)
 * Anne M. Burke (2006–2022)
 * Michael J. Burke (2020–2022)
 * Robert L. Carter (2020–2022)
 * Lloyd A. Karmeier (2004-2020)

1900–1999

 * Charles E. Freeman (1990–2018)
 * S. Louis Rathje (1999–2000)
 * Michael Anthony Bilandic (1994–1997)
 * Mary Ann McMorrow (1992–2006)
 * Moses Harrison (1992–2002)
 * John L. Nickels (1992–1998)
 * Benjamin K. Miller (1984–2001)
 * Joseph F. Cunningham (1991–1992)
 * James D. Heiple (1990–2000)
 * Horace L. Calvo (1988–1991)
 * John J. Stamos (1988–1990)
 * Joseph F. Cunningham (1987–1988)
 * Seymour Simon (1980–1988)
 * Thomas E. Kluczynski (1978–1980)
 * William G. Clark (1976–1992)
 * Caswell J. Crebs (1975–1976)
 * Thomas J. Moran (1976–1992)
 * James A. Dooley (1976–1978)
 * Howard C. Ryan (1970–1990)
 * Joseph H. Goldenhersh (1970–1987)
 * Charles H. Davis (2nd time, 1970–1975)
 * Marvin Burt (1969–1970)
 * Caswell J. Crebs (1969–1970)
 * John T. Culbertson Jr. (1969–1970)
 * Thomas E. Kluczynski (1966–1976)
 * Daniel P. Ward (1966–1990)
 * Robert C. Underwood (1962–1984)
 * Roy Solfisburg (1962–1963)
 * Byron O. House (1957–1969)
 * Charles H. Davis (1st time, 1955–1960)
 * Ray Klingbiel (1953–1969)
 * Walter V. Schaefer (1951–1976)
 * Harry B. Hershey (1951–1966)
 * George W. Bristow (1951–1961)
 * Ralph L. Maxwell (1951–1956)
 * Albert M. Crampton (1948–1953)
 * Joseph E. Daily (1948–1965)
 * Jesse L. Simpson (1947–1951)
 * Charles H. Thompson (1942–1950)
 * William J. Fulton (1942–1954)
 * June C. Smith (1941–1947)
 * Loren E. Murphy (1939–1948)
 * Walter T. Gunn (1938–1951)
 * Francis S. Wilson (1935–1951)
 * Elwyn Riley Shaw (1933–1942)
 * Lott R. Herrick (1933–1937)
 * Paul Farthing (1933–1942)
 * Norman L. Jones (1931–1940)
 * Warren H. Orr (1930–1939)
 * Paul Samuell (1929–1930)
 * Cyrus E. Dietz (1928–1929)
 * Oscar E. Heard (1927–1928)
 * Frank K. Dunn (1907–1933)
 * Frederic R. DeYoung (1924–1934)
 * Oscar E. Heard (1924–1933)
 * Floyd E. Thompson (1919–1928)
 * Clyde E. Stone (1918–1948)
 * Warren W. Duncan (1915–1933)
 * Albert Watson (1915–1915)
 * Charles C. Craig (1913–1918)
 * George A. Cooke (1909–1919)
 * Frank K. Dunn (1907–1933)
 * Orrin N. Carter (1906–1924)
 * Alonzo K. Vickers (1906–1915)
 * William M. Farmer (1906–1931)
 * Guy C. Scott (1903–1909)
 * James B. Ricks (1901–1906)
 * John P. Hand (1900–1913)

1818–1899

 * Carroll C. Boggs (1897–1906)
 * Joseph N. Carter (1894–1903)
 * James H. Cartwright (1895–1924)
 * Jesse J. Phillips (1893–1901)
 * Joseph M. Bailey (1888–1895)
 * Jacob W. Wilkin (1888–1907)
 * Benjamin D. Magruder (1885–1906)
 * Simeon P. Shope (1885–1894)
 * Damon G. Tunnicliff (1885–1885)
 * David J. Baker Jr. (1888–1897)
 * John H. Mulkey (1879–1888)
 * David J. Baker Jr. (1878–1879)
 * T. Lyle Dickey (1875–1885)
 * Alfred M. Craig (1873–1900)
 * John Scholfield (1873–1893)
 * William K. McAllister (1870–1875)
 * Benjamin R. Sheldon (1870–1888)
 * John M. Scott (1870–1888)
 * Anthony Thornton (1870–1873)
 * Charles B. Lawrence (1864–1873)
 * Corydon Beckwith (1864–1864)
 * Pinkney H. Walker (1858–1888)
 * Sidney Breese (1857–1878)
 * Onias C. Skinner (1855–1858)
 * Walter B. Scates (1853–1857)
 * Lyman Trumbull (1848–1853)
 * David M. Woodson (1848–1848)
 * Jesse B. Thomas Jr. (1847–1848)
 * William A. Denning (1847–1848)
 * Norman H. Purple (1845–1848)
 * Gustavus P. Koerner (1845–1848)
 * James Shields (1843–1845)
 * Jesse B. Thomas Jr. (1843–1845)
 * John D. Caton (1843–1864)
 * John M. Robinson (1843–1843)
 * Richard M. Young (1843–1847)
 * James Semple (1843–1843)
 * John Dean Caton (1842–1843)
 * Stephen A. Douglas (1841–1843)
 * Samuel H. Treat (1841–1855)
 * Walter B. Scates (1841–1847)
 * Sidney Breese (1841–1843)
 * Thomas Ford (1841–1842)
 * Theophilus W. Smith (1825–1842)
 * Samuel D. Lockwood (1825–1848)
 * Thomas Reynolds (1822–1825)
 * William Wilson (1819–1848)
 * Joseph Phillips (1818–1822)
 * Thomas C. Browne (1818–1848)
 * William P. Foster (1818–1819)
 * John Reynolds (1818–1825)

title: Supreme Court of Illinois


text:
Pimlico Mystery

The Pimlico Mystery or the Pimlico Poisoning Mystery is the name given to the circumstances surrounding the 1886 death of Thomas Edwin Bartlett, possibly at the hands of his wife, Adelaide Blanche Bartlett, in the Pimlico district of London. A fatal quantity of chloroform was found in Mr Bartlett's stomach, despite having not caused any damage to his throat or windpipe, and no evidence of how it got there. Adelaide Bartlett was tried for her husband's murder and was acquitted. By the jury's own statement in court Mrs Bartlett's acquittal was partly secured because the prosecution could not prove how Mrs Bartlett could have committed the crime.

Background
At the heart of the Pimlico Mystery is the odd relationship between a wealthy grocer, Mr. Thomas Edwin Bartlett (1845–1886), his younger French-born wife Adelaide Blanche de la Tremoille (born 1855), and the Reverend George Dyson, Adelaide's tutor and the couple's spiritual counsellor and friend. Dyson was a Wesleyan minister, and (if the story Adelaide and Dyson told is true) was encouraged to openly romance Adelaide Bartlett by Edwin's permission. Edwin himself was suffering several unpleasant illnesses (including rotting teeth and possibly tapeworms). Edwin was supposedly something of a faddist, believing in animal magnetism as a key to health, but his reported eccentricities are partly based on what was learnt from Adelaide and Dyson. Adelaide's father was rumoured to be a wealthy and possibly even titled member of Queen Victoria's entourage, who had indeed visited France in 1855, possibly Adolphe Collot de la Tremouille, Comte de Thouars d'Escury.

Edwin and Adelaide were married in 1875. According to Adelaide, it was intended to be a platonic marriage, but in 1881 she had a stillborn baby by Edwin; Edwin had refused her (female) nurse's advice to call a (male) doctor during a difficult labour because he did not want another man "to interfere with her". Early in 1885, they met Dyson as the local Wesleyan minister and he became a frequent visitor. Edwin made Dyson executor of his will, in which he left his entire estate to Adelaide, on condition that she did not remarry (a common stipulation in those days). Later Edwin redrew the will, four months before he died, removing the bar on Adelaide remarrying.

Towards the end of 1885, Adelaide asked Dyson to get some chloroform that had been prescribed by the doctor treating Edwin, Dr. Alfred Leach. Leach would later admit that he prescribed it reluctantly, but at the insistence of his patient. Under the laws of the day, one had to sign a book at the chemist's pharmacy as a record of buying medical poisons, but only for large amounts; Dyson bought four small bottles of chloroform instead of one large bottle, and bought them in several shops, claiming that he needed it to remove grease stains. Only after Edwin's death, did Dyson claim to suddenly realize how suspicious his actions were.

On New Year's Eve, 31 December 1885, Edwin Bartlett returned from a visit to the dentist and went to sleep alongside Adelaide in their Pimlico flat. Just before 4am the next morning Adelaide asked their maid to fetch Dr Leach, fearing Edwin was dead, before rousing the landlady. Edwin's stomach was filled with liquid chloroform. It is just possible that the stories of Edwin's alleged suicide might have been believed and his death considered free of foul play, except that his father, who had always detested Adelaide and had earlier accused her of having an affair with Edwin's younger brother, became extremely suspicious and persuaded authorities to look into the death.

An inquest under Mr A Braxton Hicks returned a verdict of wilful murder by Adelaide Bartlett, with George Dyson being an accessory before the fact, and they were both arrested. The coroner tried to have Mrs Bartlett give evidence at the inquest because she was not permitted at that time to give sworn evidence on her own behalf at her trial, which only changed with the Criminal Evidence Act 1898.

Trial
The trial opened on 12 April 1886, attracting great press coverage both in the UK and abroad. At the opening of the trial, charges were read out against both George Dyson and Adelaide but the prosecution immediately asked for the charges against Dyson to be dropped and he was formally acquitted. This enabled the prosecution to call him as a prosecution witness, but also made it possible for the defence to take advantage of his testimony.

Adelaide Bartlett was defended by Sir Edward Clarke, who suggested Thomas Bartlett had committed suicide. Clarke's taking on the case was rumoured to be due to Adelaide's mysterious father's intervention. The prosecution was in the hands (as was traditional in England and Wales until 1957 ) of the Attorney General at the time, Sir Charles Russell.

Adelaide was not able to testify in her own defence (something not possible for defendants until the Criminal Evidence Act 1898) and the defence called no witnesses, although it did give a six-hour closing statement to the court.

The main forensic aid to Mrs. Bartlett is that the liquid chloroform reached the stomach without burning the sides of the throat and the larynx. Edwin did not have such burns on his body. This bolstered the suicide theory, for such rapid drinking suggested that the drinker rushed the poisoned drink down. When the jury returned to court after considering its verdict the foreman said: "although we think grave suspicion is attached to the prisoner, we do not think there is sufficient evidence to show how or by whom the chloroform was administered." The foreman then confirmed that the verdict was not guilty, which was greeted with "rapturous applause", public opinion having moved in Adelaide's favour during the course of the trial.

The issue of how the poison got into Edwin's stomach without burning him internally in the throat led the famous surgeon, Sir James Paget, to make his famous quip "Now that she has been acquitted for murder and cannot be tried again, she should tell us in the interest of science how she did it!"

Adelaide's family
Adelaide was the daughter of Clara née Chamberlain (1834–1866) and her husband known as, among other names, Adolphus Collot de Thouars d'Escury (1817–1860). Clara was the daughter of Susannah née Aynsley (1805–?) and William Robinson Chamberlain (1799–1860), a Stock Exchange Clerk. In 1851 she, her parents, a brother and sister were living in Hackney, Middlesex. On 19 January 1853 at St Leonard, Hackney, she married Adolph Collot De Thouars d'Escury, widower of 85 Holywell Street. He is described as a “Pensioned Naval Officer in the French Service” and son of "Adolphe de Thouars d'Escury, Duke of Thouars". Her husband had been married twice before:
 * First on 2 December 1844 at St Luke, Finsbury to Helena Caroline Hampton (?–1852), the daughter of Hannah née Muspratt (1785–1856) and Robert Hampton, Engineer (1777–1833). His profession was given as “Professor of Languages”. Adolphus and Helena had three children:
 * Walter Henry Prout d'Escury (1847–?). Emigrated to Australia where he married Sarah Ann Riley (1862–1888). Sarah left him for Edmund Duhamel, who subsequently killed her. After their separation he appears to have gone to New Zealand where he was imprisoned in 1891 for ‘larceny and uttering’, and in 1893 for ‘larceny’.
 * Modestus Felix de Thouars d'Escury (1851–1851).
 * Marie Helen d'Escury (1853–?) who married Louis Marie Verguet and appears to have moved to France.

 * Second on 25 January 1848 at St Peter, Islington to Margaret Bearcock (1824–1886) the daughter of Margaret née Curtis (1799–1844) and John Bearcock, Brass and Iron Founder (1794–?). The marriage certificate gives his name as Henry Desbury (a variant of d’Escury) and his profession as “Lieutenant RN”.
 * After the wedding ‘Henry’ and Margaret moved to Cheltenham and “Henry Desbury a man of colour, aged 41, was charged with having, on the 25th of Jan. 1848, feloniously intermarried and taken to wife Maria Margaret Bearcock, his former wife, Helena Caroline Desbury, being then alive.” The court report says that “The most singular feature in the case was that the prisoner had at one time (after his alleged second marriage) been living with his second wife, the first wife also living in the same house, and being represented by the prisoner as the wife of his cousin.” ‘Henry’ and Margaret later had a son Henry William Desbury (1853–?) baptised on 12 Oct 1853 at St Jude, Chelsea as an ‘infant’.
 * Margaret married a second time in 1869 to Col, David John Falconer Newall, late of the Bengal Artillery.

Clara and Adolphus had several children – brothers and sisters of Adelaide:
 * Henry Edward de Thouars, born 16 March 1853 in France, baptised 14 Sep 1855 at St Mark, Regents Park. The family name was De Thouars D’Escury, the address was 2 Chaleot Terrace, Regent’s Park and Adolph’s occupation was “Teacher of Languages”. Henry later emigrated to Australia and married there.
 * Adelaide herself, born 1855 in France, baptised 9 September 1856 at St Mary, Haggerston. The family name was de La Trouville De Thouars D’Escury, the address 8 Mayfield Street, Dalston, and Adolph’s occupation “Professor of Mathematics”.
 * Frederick ‘Freddy’ D’Escury, born about 1858 in France. In 1861 he was living in Havelock Terrace, Hackney with his mother, then a “Teacher of French” and her sister.
 * Clara Amelia, born 23 Jun 1859 in Kentish Town, in 1871 she was living in Hackney with Clara’s brother William Chamberlain and his family. She died in 1873.

Later life
After the trial both Adelaide Bartlett and Reverend George Dyson vanished from public notice. The authors of The Life of Sir Edward Clarke (1939) report that they had an "impression" that Adelaide Bartlett later married George Dyson, but that they had also heard a theory that the two never met again.

The novelist Julian Symons, in his novelization of the story Sweet Adelaide, suggested that Mrs. Bartlett emigrated to the U.S., settled in Connecticut, and died there some time after 1933, although others regard her post-trial life as mysterious.

George Dyson
As for Dyson, Richard Whittington-Egan's study of William Roughead's life reported that a woman in Maryland claimed in 1939 that Dyson had come to New York City, U.S., changed his name, and as a fortune hunter married and murdered a young bride, her sister, for her estate in 1916. Alternatively, Kate Clarke reports that Methodist church records state that Dyson emigrated to Australia.

According to John A Vickers, researching Methodist History (2002), George Dyson emigrated to America, changed his name to John Bernard Walker and became a naturalized citizen. Initially as a journalist he eventually became the editor of Scientific American and wrote several books.

Media

 * The movie My Letter to George, or Mesmerized, with Jodie Foster was "... loosely based on that of Adelaide Bartlett, who, in 1886, went on trial for the chloroform poisoning of her husband.”
 * In the book Hitchcock/Truffaut, Alfred Hitchcock tells French New Wave filmmaker François Truffaut that he once intended to make a film about this case, but later on he dropped the idea because Truffaut's film Jules and Jim also dealt with—according to his vision—a ménage à trois. He says that one of the scenes of the picture would feature Adelaide and Dyson making violent love while Edwin Bartlett just puffs smoke out of his mouth and stares at a pipe while sitting in a rocking chair.
 * The CBS radio program Crime Classics produced and aired an episode entitled "The Shockingly Peaceful Passing of Thomas Edwin Bartlett, Greengrocer" on 22 June 1953 that dramatized the story of this case for its audience with some changes of the facts.
 * The case was dramatised on the radio series The Black Museum in 1952 under the title of "Four Small Bottles".
 * The BBC broadcast an eight-part drama about the case as part of the TV series A Question of Guilt in 1980.

title: Pimlico Mystery


text:
HMAS Manoora (F48)

HMAS Manoora was an ocean liner that served in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) during World War II. She was built in Scotland in 1935 for the Cairns to Fremantle coastal passenger run for the Adelaide Steamship Company. She was requisitioned by the RAN for naval service in 1939. Manoora was initially converted into an armed merchant cruiser (AMC), operating primarily in Australian, New Guinea, and Pacific waters, with deployments to Singapore and the Bay of Bengal.

In 1942, the ship was converted into the RAN's first landing ship, infantry (LSI). After extensive training, Manoora was involved in most of the Allied amphibious operations in the Pacific during 1944 and 1945. After the war's end, the ship was used to transport occupation forces and refugees until 1947, when she was decommissioned from naval service and returned to the Adelaide Steamship Company. Manoora continued to operate in Australian waters until 1961, when she was sold to an Indonesian company and renamed Albulombo. The ship was sold for scrap in 1972.

Design and construction
The passenger liner was 482 ft in length overall, with a beam of 66 ft, and a draught of 24 ft. Manoora's tonnages were and. She had a twin screws, each powered by an eight-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine. Between them the two engines were rated at 8200 bhp and gave the ship a speed of 16.5 kn.

Manoora was built by Alexander Stephen and Sons in Govan, Scotland for the Adelaide Steamship Company. The ship was laid down in July 1934, launched on 25 October 1935, and completed in 1935.

It was a company policy for all its motor vessels to have a name starting with "M" and the liner was named after the town of Manoora in South Australia. It was the sister ship of the Mununda.

The ship was launched by Lady Hore Ruthven (wife of the Governor of New South Wales).

Operational history
Manoora entered service on the Cairns to Fremantle coastal passenger run.

Armed Merchant Cruiser
On 14 November 1939, the liner was requisitioned by the RAN for use as an armed merchant cruiser (AMC). The AMC conversion consisted of the addition of seven 6-inch main guns, two 3-inch anti-aircraft guns, and equipment to operate a Supermarine Walrus amphibious aircraft. Manoora was commissioned into the RAN on 12 December 1939, although the conversion was not completed until 5 February 1940. She was assigned the pennant number F48.

Initially, the ship was used to patrol Australian waters, but during March 1940, she was redeployed to the China Station to operate with the Malaya Force. During the ship's return to Australia in early April, Manoora intercepted four Norwegian merchant vessels and escorted them to Brisbane; Norway having recently fallen to the Germans, and the Allies wanted to ensure as many Norwegian-flagged vessel came under their control as possible. On 12 June, shortly after Italy became involved in the war, Manoora intercepted the Italian passenger vessel Romolo, which was scuttled off the Solomon Islands. The AMC then provided assistance to United States cargo ship Admiral Wiley, which had run aground at Kitava.

Between the end of 1940 and September 1941, Manoora's operated around the north and east coasts of Australia, around New Guinea and New Britain, and to the Solomons, Nauru, and Ocean Island. In December, the AMC transported Admiral Sir Guy Royle to Singapore, then transited to the Bay of Bengal for escort duties. On 1 March 1942, the ship left Colombo for Australia, with a convoy of troopships returning from the Middle East.

Landing ship, infantry
In mid-1942, Manoora was marked for conversion into the RAN's first landing ship, infantry (LSI) at Garden Island Dockyard. Her AMC armament was removed and replaced with a single 12-pounder gun, six 40 mm Bofors, and eight 20 mm Oerlikons. The Walrus amphibian was removed, and the ship was modified to carry landing craft: 17 LCVPs, and two LCMs. Manoora was initially able to carry 850 soldiers, but later modifications increased this to 1,250. The ship was recommissioned on 2 February 1943 with the pennant number C77, and after spending six months on amphibious warfare training in Port Phillip, was deployed to New Guinea.

After further training and exercises near Milne Bay, Manoora participated in her first amphibious landing on 22 April 1944; the Operation Reckless landings at Tanamerah Bay. Following Operation Reckless, the LSI saw service in most of the amphibious operations in the Pacific theatre. On 17 May, Manoora operated as part of the Battle of Wakde, followed by the landings at Morotai on 15 September, and Leyte during October. At the start of 1945, the ship participated in operations at Lingayen Gulf, followed by the Borneo campaign, with landings at Tarakan on 1 May, Brunei Bay during 9 and 10 June, then Balikpapan on 1 July. After this, Manoora sailed to Australia, and was in Sydney when World War II ended.

After the war's end, Manoora was used to transport the soldiers and equipment of occupation forces, and return evacuees from the East Indies region to their homes. The LSI's naval service ended on 6 December 1947, when she was decommissioned from naval service. She received six battle honours for her wartime service: "Indian Ocean 1941–42", "Pacific 1942–45", "New Guinea 1944", "Leyte Gulf 1944", "Lingayen Gulf 1945", and "Borneo 1945".

Post-war career
In 1947, Minister for Immigration Arthur Calwell requested the use of Manoora to help Australian and British citizens escape the increasing unrest in India preceding the nation's independence and resettle them in Australia. Plans were made for multiple voyages from India to Australia, although only one sailing eventuated, arriving back in Fremantle on 15 August: austere accommodations on the barrack decks prompted many potential passengers to instead wait for commercial vessels. Although Calwell, a strong supporter of the White Australia Policy insisted on passengers being "Australian/English by birth... of full European descent", most of the 736 passengers were Anglo-Indians.

After two years of maintenance and refit at Cockatoo Island Dockyard to remove the wartime modifications, Manoora was returned to the Adelaide Steamship Company on 31 August 1949.

In August 1969, the ship was sold to an Indonesian company, who renamed her Albulombo. The ship was sold for scrap to a Japanese firm in October 1972, and broken up in Taiwan.

Legacy
The suburb of Manoora in Cairns is named after the ship. The neighbouring suburb of Manunda is named after the Manoora's sister ship Manunda.

title: HMAS Manoora (F48)


text: User talk:65.82.124.92

title: User talk:65.82.124.92