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Ak-Chin Indian Community

The Ak Chin Indian Community of the Maricopa (Ak-Chin) Indian Reservation (O'odham language: ʼAkĭ Ciñ O'odham) is a federally recognized tribe and Native American community located in the Santa Cruz Valley in Pinal County, Arizona, 37 miles south of Phoenix and near the city of Maricopa. The Community is composed mainly of Akimel Oʼodham and Tohono Oʼodham, as well as some ethnic Hia-Ced Oʼodham members. According to the 2020 United States Census, the reservation has 1,070 residents. The Community comprises over 1,100 members that live on and off the reservation.

The Maricopa Reservation was established by the federal government in 1912, under President William Howard Taft; within a few months his administration reduced it by more than half, due to opposition from non-Native farmers in the area. Gaining federal recognition in 1961, the tribe has established a large agricultural operation, aided by gaining water rights to the Colorado River in a 1984 federal settlement. This settlement enabled it to continue using irrigation to support its agriculture and other needs.

The Community opened a gaming casino in 1994, Harrah's Ak-Chin Casino, with related hotel facilities. In 2011 the casino and resort was the major contributor to the economy of Pinal County. In July 2011, the casino underwent a $20 million expansion, with addition of a new 152-room hotel tower that doubled its capacity. The resort now has 300 rooms, and an outdoor swimming pool, completed in 2012.

In 2006, the Ak-Chin Indian Community purchased the Phoenix Regional Airport, which was later renamed Ak-Chin Regional Airport. Located near the Santa Cruz Commerce Center, the 170-acre Ak-Chin Regional Airport consists of an airport building with a 5,000 ft. runway.

On July 1, 2010, the Ak-Chin Indian Community purchased the Royal Dunes golf course and renamed it as the Ak-Chin Southern Dunes Golf Club.

Reservation
The Maricopa Reservation was established by the federal government in 1912, under President William Howard Taft, at 47600 acres in size. Within months the administration gave in to opposition from European-American farmers and other non-Natives and reduced the reservation to 22000 acres. The reservation is located in Pinal County within the Sonoran Desert, about 40 miles south of Phoenix and next to Maricopa. Averaging an elevation of 1186 feet, the reservation is located 37 mi south of Phoenix. Much of the land is good for farming, and 15000 acres are under irrigation.

Government
The Ak-Chin Indian Community is headquartered in Maricopa, Arizona. In the mid-20th century it reorganized, creating a written constitution, by-laws, and elected government, gaining federal recognition in 1961.

Prior to 2017, Tribal Council Members served three-year terms, and were elected annually on a staggered basis. The Council elected a chairman and vice-chairman. Beginning with 2017 (election in Nov. 2016), the chairman and Vice Chairman were elected at-large to serve four-year terms. The three Council Members will serve two-year terms. The November 2016 election was historic because it was the first time that Community members were able to vote directly for chairman and Vice Chairman. A change to the constitution was adopted in July 2016 allowing for candidates to run for a specific office and for Community members to vote specifically for the chairman and Vice Chairman in addition to Council Members.

As of 2022, the tribal council members and presiding officers are the following:
 * Council Member: Robert Miguel, Chairman
 * Council Member: Lemuel Vincent, Vice Chairman
 * Council Member: Delia M. Carlyle
 * Council Member: Lisa Garcia
 * Council Member: Octavio Machado

Demographics
Most of the population lives in Ak-Chin Village, in the western part of the reservation. Part of the city of Maricopa also lies within reservation territory. In total, the area (including Community and non-Community members) comprises 1,070 as of the 2020 United States Census. The 2020 U.S. Census also reports that 87.5% (914 individuals) of the total 1,070 population comprises American Indian or Native Alaskans. This is an increase of 742 from 2000. Of those individuals, 90.2% were born on the reservation and/or in Arizona. Additionally, 16.3% identify as Hispanic or Latino, 6.2% two or more races, 1.5% White, and 0.3% African American or Black. Of the total population, 47.8% are male and 52.2% are female. The majority of the population are ages 25 to 44 (29%) or 5 to 17 years of age (23.5%), with 7.9% ages 65 and older. The average median age is 27.9 years old.

Of the total population, 37.4% live below the federal poverty line. The 2020 American Community Survey reports that 33.7% of the working population is employed in the service industry, specifically public administration, education, health care, social services, and arts and recreation. Regarding housing, 94.5% of the total population are renters.

Language
The Ak-Chin Indian Community has its own written form of the Oʼodham language. It is in the Piman group of the Uto-Aztecan language family. The name Ak-Chin is an Oʼodham word that means the "mouth of the arroyo."

Economy
Ak-Chin Farms Enterprises is the Community's agricultural business. It controls 15,000 acres, making it one of the largest agricultural communities in the country. It has long used irrigation to support this enterprise. In 1984 the tribe gained a federal settlement for water rights, being entitled to 75,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water. The farms raise mostly cotton, barley, wheat and milo.

The tribe also owns and operates Harrah's Ak-Chin Casino, which opened in 1994, and related resort facilities: Agave's Southwestern Restaurant, Copper Cactus Grill, Harvest Buffet, the Range restaurant, and hotel, all located in Maricopa. The tribe owns the naming rights for the Ak-Chin Pavilion, a venue in Phoenix designed for various entertainment acts. The casino and resort draw customers from Maricopa and nearby county population, as well as from the large Phoenix metropolitan area.

According to a study conducted in 2011, "Harrah's Ak-Chin Casino Resort is the largest contributor to the Pinal County economy, accounting for nearly 1,100 jobs and generating more than $205.3 million in economic activity in 2010." Expansion of the resort by addition of a large hotel tower has generated higher revenues since then.

Revenues from the casino and resort have enabled the tribe to invest in other development. In 2006 it purchased the 450-acre former Phoenix Regional Airport property, renamed in 2012 as Ak-Chin Regional Airport. It is being improved. Nearby the tribe acquired the 50-acre Santa Cruz Commerce Center industrial park, which is being developed under leases. The tribe has set up the Ak-Chin Industrial Park Board to make leases and monitor development there. The tribe applied to the BIA to have both properties taken into trust on its behalf. It continues to work with local communities on development nearby.

In 2010 the tribe purchased the Southern Dunes Golf Club, which is open to the public for fees. The tribe makes it available as an amenity to guests at Harrah's Ak-Chin Casino Resort.

In November 2012, the tribe opened the $50 million, 165,000-square foot Ak-Chin entertainment complex, with a multi-theater cinema, bowling alley, restaurants, arcade and areas for staging events. It is located at the edge of the reservation next to the city of Maricopa. Mayor Christian Price said he thought the project would be "a great addition to the area" and that the city and tribe could encourage other development in the area.

From its strong gaming and resort revenues, the tribe has made several improvements within the reservation, including the construction of a new fire station, water reclamation facility, and surface water treatment plant.

title: Ak-Chin Indian Community


text: Category:2005 Kashmir earthquake

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:2005 Kashmir earthquake


text:
Wild Wood

Wild Wood is the second solo studio album by Paul Weller, released in September 1993. It made it to number 2 on the UK Albums Chart, and contained four UK hits: "Wild Wood", which reached number 14 on the UK charts, "Sunflower", which reached number 16, "The Weaver" which reached number 18 as "The Weaver EP" and "Hung Up", which reached number 11.

The original 1993 UK and European CD included 15 tracks. When issued in the US, and reissued in the UK in 1994, a 16th track was added. A two-disc deluxe edition was released on 22 October 2007.

The title track, "Wild Wood", was released as a single in 1993, with "Ends of the Earth" as the B-side. It reached no. 14 on the UK charts in September 1993.

Critical reception
Wild Wood was released to enthusiastic reviews from critics. In Melody Maker, Taylor Parkes raved that "Wild Wood is, on its own sweet terms, a triumph", while in Select, Adam Higginbotham called it "the album that his solo debut should have been" and "an album of good pop songs to some; to others, a reassuring sign that the man is back on track". Paul Moody also offered qualified praise in NME, deeming it "not the absolute tour de force we may have hoped for", but nonetheless "three-quarters of the way to marking a complete rebirth." Rolling Stone's Tom Sinclair wrote that Wild Wood "gives retrochic an unexpected twist" and found it "charmingly anomalous, a smart, left-field stroke capable of transporting the listener to a dimly remembered land of pop delights." Dimitri Ehrlich of Entertainment Weekly noted the album's "intricate" music, describing it as a cross between "the gruff-punk charge" of Weller's band the Jam and "the refinement and musicality" of his later band the Style Council.

In a retrospective review, AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine lauded Wild Wood as Weller's "first true masterwork since ending the Jam", further crediting it with helping to "kick off the trad rock that dominated British music during the '90s." Record Collector's Lois Wilson said that the record, in addition to its "lyrical and musical depth", exhibited Weller's "renewed belief in his guitar playing", and "marked a critical and commercial rebirth" for Weller. Paul Moody reappraised the album more effusively in Uncut in 2007, writing that the album's "nostalgic mood hit a nerve with both lapsed Jam fans and young upstarts Blur and Oasis", and that "it's Weller's unshakeable self-belief which marks Wild Wood out as a landmark in British rock. Within a year of its release... grunge would be over, Britpop would be in full swing, and fears of rock's demise dismissed as a bad dream."

In 2000, Q placed Wild Wood at number 77 on its list of the "100 Greatest British Albums Ever". Wild Wood was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

Uncut rated "Wild Wood" as Weller's ninth best ever song and the best of his solo career, with the Smiths' bassist Andy Rourke praising it as a "very easy, kicking-back sort of song".

Personnel

 * Paul Weller – guitars, vocals (on all except 4, 8, 11), Mellotron (1, 2, 13, 14), Minimoog (1, 4, 11), piano (2, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14), Hammond organ (2, 5, 6, 14), bass (2, 5, 14), percussion and handclaps (2, 14), blues harp (6, 9), electric piano and percussion (6), strings (7)
 * Marco Nelson – bass (1, 3, 4, 6, 9–11, 13, 15), backing vocals (6)
 * Steve White – drums (1–6, 9–11, 13–16), percussion (1, 4, 8, 11)
 * Jacko Peake – horns (2, 4, 9, 11, 14), flute (2, 14)
 * Brendan Lynch – percussion and handclaps (2, 14), Minimoog (3, 9, 13), Mellotron (3, 13), Stylophone (7)
 * Max Beesley – percussion and handclaps (2, 14), backing vocals (6), Wurlitzer (15)
 * Helen Turner – organ (3)
 * Dr Robert – guitars (6, 7)
 * Dee C. Lee – backing vocals (9, 13, 15)
 * David Liddle – lead guitar (9)
 * Mick Talbot – Hammond organ (9)
 * Steve Cradock – electric guitar (10)
 * Simon Fowler – backing vocals (10)
 * Yolanda Charles – bass (16)

title: Wild Wood


text:
Pathological lying

Pathological lying, also known as pseudologia fantastica (Latin for "fantastic pseudology"), is a chronic behavior characterized by the habitual or compulsive tendency to lie. It involves a pervasive pattern of intentionally making false statements with the aim to deceive others, sometimes for no clear or apparent reason, and even if the truth is beneficial to the liar. People who engage in pathological lying often claim to be unaware of the motivations for their lies.

In psychology and psychiatry, there is an ongoing debate about whether pathological lying should be classified as a distinct disorder or viewed as a symptom of other underlying conditions. The lack of a widely agreed-upon description or diagnostic criteria for pathological lying has contributed to the controversy surrounding its definition. But efforts have been made to establish diagnostic criteria based on research and assessment data, aligning with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Various theories have been proposed to explain the causes of pathological lying, including stress, an attempt to shift locus of control to an internal one, and issues related to low self-esteem. Some researchers have suggested a biopsychosocial-developmental model to explain this concept. While theories have explored potential causes, the precise factors contributing to pathological lying have yet to be determined.

The phenomenon was first described in medical literature in 1890 by G. Stanley Hall and in 1891 by Anton Delbrück.

Definition
Curtis and Hart (2020) defined pathological lying as "a persistent, pervasive, and often compulsive pattern of excessive lying behavior that leads to clinically significant impairment of functioning in social, occupational, or other areas; causes marked distress; poses a risk to the self or others; and occurs for longer than 6 months" (p. 63).

Characteristics
Defining characteristics of pathological lying include:
 * An internal motivation for the behavior cannot be readily discerned clinically: e.g., long-lasting extortion or habitual spousal battery might cause a person to lie repeatedly, without the lying being pathological.
 * The stories are presented in a way that portrays the liar favorably. The liar "decorates their own person" by telling stories that present them as the hero or the victim. For example, they might be presented as being fantastically brave, as knowing or being related to many famous people, or as having great power, position, or wealth.

Some psychiatrists distinguish compulsive from pathological lying, while others consider them equivalent. Others deny the existence of compulsive lying altogether; this remains an area of considerable controversy.

Diagnosis
Pathological lying is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), although only as a symptom of other disorders such as antisocial, narcissistic, and histrionic personality disorders, not as a stand-alone diagnosis. The former ICD-10 disorder Haltlose personality disorder is strongly tied to pathological lying. Pathological lying is represented in both the DSM-5 and ICD-11 alternative models of personality disorder which emphasise dimensions of personality dysfunction, rather than specific categorical disorders. "Deceitfulness", an aspect of the Antagonism domain, is trait encompassing pathological lying in the DSM-5's model, while the current ICD-11 trait domain of Dissociality (analogous to DSM-5 Antagonism) holds pathological lying to be a behavioural expression of the Lack of Empathy facet.

Lie detector tests have shown that pathological liars exhibit arousal, stress, and guilt from their deception. This is different from psychopaths, who experience none of those reactions. People affected by antisocial personality disorder lie for external personal gain in the forms of money, sex, and power. Pathological lying is strictly internal. The difference between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and pathological liars is that BPD patients try to cope with their fear of abandonment, mistreatment, or rejection by making empty threats of suicide or false accusations of abandonment. Pathological liars do not feel rejected; they have high levels of self-assurance that help them lie successfully. Unlike those with histrionic personality, pathological liars are more verbally dramatic than sexually flamboyant. Narcissists think they have achieved perfection and lack empathy for others. Pathological liars do not show these antisocial behaviors; they may lie because they think their life is not interesting enough.

The only diagnosis in the current system where a symptom of purposeless, internally motivated deception occurs is factitious disorder. This diagnosis deals with people who lie deliberately about having physical or psychological disorders. Research or testing must be done to confirm a person does not in fact have a physical or other disorder. This may become troublesome because medical records are sealed to the public. People who pathologically lie tend to lie about their identities and history. Because the symptoms do not match, they may go undiagnosed. They could well be diagnosed under the catchall rubric of an unspecified personality disorder or even under "Other specified disorder of adult personality and behavior": "This category should be used for coding any specified disorder of adult personality and behavior that cannot be classified under any one of the preceding headings".

Neurobiology
Pathological lying shows a complex relationship with brain function. Compulsive lying has been reported in multiple neurological disorders, including early lesions of the prefrontal cortex, developmental disruption of white matter pathways connecting frontal cortex with temporal, limbic and parietal regions, disruptions to the functioning of the cingulate cortex, and a putative phenocopy of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Taken together, these findings implicate dysfunction in the prefrontal and cingulate cortices, both of which are implicated in lie-telling in healthy individuals - the former across various types of lying (different subregions handling different kinds) and the latter only in feigning ignorance. The mechanisms of how lesions to these structures induce lying are unknown, but it has been suggested that reduced affective theory of mind and loss of sociomoral affect may induce the desire to lie, while impaired inhibitory control may prevent the regulation of such urges.

Pathological lying which begins early in development (e.g., as part of psychopathic personality rather than being acquired by brain injury or disease) appears to relate to increased prefrontal white matter and reduced prefrontal activation when telling lies, a significant finding given that prefrontal activation is normally increased during lie-telling. These findings, alongside data showing pathological liars are faster at generating and telling lies, have been taken to suggest that liars that the cognitive control and socioaffective networks required for inhibiting truthful responses, monitoring behaviour and believability, and adjusting deceptions to fit changing facts may be more efficient in pathological liars.

Psychopathy
Pathological lying is an item of the interpersonal facet of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), alongside superficial charm, grandiosity, and manipulativeness. It is endorsed where an individual lies and deceives so frequently that it is a defining or central characteristic of their interactions with others. Lying in such persons is described as both calculated and aimless, with deceiving others thought to have some intrinsic value to the individual. The lies are told with ease, even when the contradicting facts are readily assessable, and the person normally shows some pride in their ability to lie, and may even openly boast of it as a talent or gift. The PCL-R distinguishes pathological lying from manipulation, which it treats separately as the strategic use of deceit and misdirection for personal gain, often by exploiting or using someone.

Pathological liars
Lying is the act of knowingly and intentionally or willfully making a false statement. Normal lies are defensive and told to avoid the consequences of truth telling. They are often white lies that spare another's feelings, reflect a pro-social attitude, and make civilized human contact possible. Pathological lying can be described as an habituation of lying: someone consistently lies for no obvious personal gain.

There are many consequences of being a pathological liar. Due to lack of trust, most pathological liars' relationships and friendships fail. If this continues, lying can become so severe as to cause legal problems, including, but not limited to, fraud.

Epidemiology
The average age of onset is before adulthood. Individuals with the condition tend to have average verbal skills as opposed to performance abilities. Thirty percent of subjects had a chaotic home environment, where a parent or other family member had a mental disturbance. Its occurrence was found by the study to be equal in women and men. Forty percent of cases reported central nervous system abnormality such as epilepsy, abnormal EEG findings, ADHD, head trauma, or CNS infection.

title: Pathological lying


text:
Talk:Kostiantynivka

Name
Another article with the name issue. Strictly speaking, the name in Ukrainian is "Костянтинівка". On one hand in the local specifics the Ukrainian name is almost never used in this area. On the other hand, a place is obscure enough so that it really is not called in English by either name to establish usage. By the guidlelines we established, it should be moved to Kostyantynivka or Kostiantynivka (others are better than me which of the two is "correct" but the first one would require a WP:RM since now it is a reverse redirect created by someone).

However, it could be that it is so unknown by its Ukrainian name, even locally, that we could keep it as it is for now, or at least wait a little but for more opinions. Anyway, I do not feel strongly about either solution. FYI, the city portal with info and history is at http://www.konstantinovka.com.ua/ (in Russian). The link is propably useless for everyone but us. But who else will read this article anyway :). Cheers, --Irpen 02:05, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I suggest we move it to the Ukrainian name for consistency with the naming convention (Kostiantynivka would be the official transliteration), and explicitly state that the Russian name is more likely to be used. I'll make the change; feel free to adjust.  —Michael Z. 2006-02-28 00:55 Z

 * As I said, either way is fine with me. --Irpen 08:14, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Or right, I created this page because it was listed at Missing articles, and didn't realise there was a problem with the name. By all means, put it where conventions dictate it should be. Flowerparty ■ 16:26, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Any particular reason why this hasn't been moved yet? It's been a while...—Ëzhiki (Igel Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); 15:51, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kostiantynivka


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Gillian Bradshaw

Gillian Marucha Bradshaw (born May 14, 1956) is an American writer of historical fiction, historical fantasy, children's literature, science fiction, and contemporary science-based novels, who lives in Britain. Her serious historical novels are often set in classical antiquity — Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, the Byzantine Empire, Saka and the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Imperial Rome, Sub-Roman Britain and Roman Britain. She has also written two novels set in the English Civil War.

Biography
Gillian Bradshaw was born in Falls Church, Virginia, and spent part of her youth in Santiago, Chile. She attended the University of Michigan, where she won the Phillips Prize for Classical Greek in 1975 and 1977, as well as the Hopwood Prize for fiction for her first novel, Hawk of May. She went on to advanced study at Newnham College, Cambridge, where she studied Classical philology. Hawk of May was published while she was preparing for University of Cambridge exams.

Bradshaw decided to stay in Cambridge for another year to write another novel and think about what to do for a career. However, while there, she discovered she could live on her income as a novelist, and she has been writing novels ever since. She also met her husband, who was completing his doctorate in physics. Bradshaw and her husband, British Mathematical physics professor (and 2012 Ig Nobel Prize winner) Robin Ball, have four children. She says of herself, "I am an enthusiast for classical antiquity, and love roaming about Graeco-Roman ruins on holiday. The rest of the family has a huge exposure to hypocausts and hippodromes. They have sometimes protested ('Not another Roman ruin!') but mostly they've quite enjoyed it."

Bradshaw's physicist husband provided one aspect of her portrayal of Archimedes in her novel The Sand-Reckoner. But as she states in the afterword, her portrayal is based on the ancient sources on Archimedes and not on any living person such as the theoretical physicists she knows. Bradshaw has been a judge in the Institute of Physics Paperclip Physics competition, and her contemporary and historical novels with a scientific background show a deep interest in human responses to scientific discoveries.

1980–1990
Bradshaw's first published novels were the Arthurian historical fantasy trilogy, Down the Long Wind. These three young adult books — Hawk of May, Kingdom of Summer, and In Winter's Shadow — were released between 1980 and 1982. Set in Sub-Roman Britain, the trilogy's main character is Gwalchmai (Gawain), who must choose between supporting his evil mother Morgawse or his maternal uncle King Arthur. The title Down the Long Wind is taken from Alfred, Lord Tennyson's Idylls of the King:
 * "And fainter onward, like wild birds that change
 * Their season in the night and wail their way
 * From cloud to cloud, down the long wind the dream
 * Shrilled; but in going mingled
 * with dim cries."

Bradshaw next began writing adult historical fiction. Her 1986 novel, The Beacon at Alexandria, features Charis of Ephesus, a female doctor cross-dressing as a eunuch in 4th century Alexandria, in Roman Egypt.

The Bearkeeper's Daughter tells the story of Theodora, empress consort of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. Theodora was born into the lowest class of Byzantine society, and was the daughter of Acacius, a bearkeeper for the circus.

Imperial Purple (UK title: The Colour of Power), released in 1988, features Demetrias of Tyre, a woman who was born into slavery but who is becoming a skilled weaver. The plot focuses on her discovery of a plot to depose Theodosius II and remove from power his sister Pulcheria.

In 1990 Bradshaw wrote Horses of Heaven, about a marriage alliance between the Saka Kingdom of Ferghana and the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. The marriage of King Mauakes and Princess Heliokleia occurs around 140 BC, and brings many changes at court.

1991–2000
Bradshaw next turned to writing three children's books — starting with two linked tales involving Ancient Egypt, The Dragon and the Thief in 1991 and The Land of Gold in 1992. The latter features a Nubian princess who survives her parents' murder, and attempts to regain her throne with the assistance of the dragon Hathor.

These two books were followed by Beyond the North Wind (1993). The novel features a young magician assigned by Apollo to protect a tribe of griffins from a hostile queen. The title is again a reference to an earlier work, in this that of case Aristeas of Proconnesus, a 7th-century BC Greek, who reported that the griffins lived in Scythia, near the cave of Boreas, the North Wind. The Dragon and the Thief, The Land of Gold, and Beyond the North Wind all began as stories for the pleasure of her own children.

Bradshaw then continued her works of serious adult historical fiction with Island of Ghosts in 1998. The novel tells the story of Ariantes, one of 8,000 Sarmatians in military service to Marcus Aurelius.

In 2000 she wrote her first science fiction novel, The Wrong Reflection, about an amnesiac who finds his given identity of "Paul Anderson" to be a fabrication.

This was followed by historical novel The Sand-Reckoner, a telling of the story of Archimedes of Syracuse, Italy, from his studies at the Library of Alexandria to his involvement in the Second Punic War (218 – 202 BC).

2001–present
In 2001, Bradshaw published her second science fiction novel, Dangerous Notes. It features Valeria Thornham, a young classical guitarist and composer whose brain was implanted with cloned stem cells in childhood after an accident. She is considered a potential psychotic and is arrested and detained at a mental research facility, where she is threatened with the prospect of undergoing surgery to remove the part of her brain that is responsible for her extraordinary musical talent.

Bradshaw's 2001 historical novel The Wolf Hunt was based on Marie de France's Breton lai Bisclavret, and features Marie Penthive of Chalendrey, a Norman kidnapped and taken to the Duchy of Brittany. Marie then becomes involved in the life of the late 11th-century Duchy's court and its plots.

Her next historical novel, Cleopatra's Heir (2002) tells the tale of Caesarion, son of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra VII of Egypt, who managed to escape execution at the order of his adoptive brother Caesar Augustus. The young man is then forced in a life of poverty in his new environment, the Roman Empire.

In 2002 Bradshaw also wrote a short story set in Ancient Egypt, The Justice of Isis, taking place in Alexandria in 58 BCE, during the reign of Ptolemy XII. It was published in The Mammoth Book of Egyptian Whodunits. This short story was also published in Czech as Esetina spravedlnost in 2004.

This was followed by another historical novel, Render Unto Caesar (2003), featuring Hermogenes, a Roman citizen of Greek origin, meeting prejudice in the city of Rome when he tries to collect a debt, and his body guard, "Cantabra", a former gladiatrix, originally from Cantabria.

In 2003, Bradshaw also wrote a short story set in the last decades of Imperial Rome, The Malice of the Anicii. Written in the style of a scholarly edition of Ammianus Marcellinus's History of Rome, the story was published in The Mammoth Book of Roman Whodunits.

Bradshaw returned to science fiction with The Somers Treatment (2003). The novel features neurosurgeon David Somers advancing his own unique treatment of specific language impairment. However, his research receives its funding from MI5, for reasons that remain secret to the public.

Her 2004 historical novel The Alchemy of Fire takes place in Constantinople under Constantine IV. Anna, former concubine to a prince of the Heraclian Dynasty, attempts to raise her daughter Theodosia on her own while protecting the secret of the girl's noble birth. Meanwhile, alchemist Kallinikos of Baalbek works in creating Greek fire.

The Elixir of Youth (2006) was Bradshaw's next novel, looking at the complex relationship between a philosopher daughter and her molecular biologist father, who walked out of the family when she was a child, and whose serum to repair the effects of aging on the skin has gone missing. Like her earlier novel Dangerous Notes (2001), the use of stem cells in research is a theme.

Bloodwood was published in 2007. This novel is set in contemporary Britain, and focuses on Antonia Lanchester, a terminally ill employee of a home-furnishing company, who hands over incriminating files about illegal logging and corruption from her employer's computer to an environmental campaign group.

Her next novel, Dark North (2007), was a return to Roman Britain for Bradshaw. Set in 208 CE, it looks at the troubled reign of Emperor Septimius Severus — and his attempt to conquer Scotland — through the eyes of Memnon (an African cavalry scout) and members of Empress Julia Domna's household.

The Sun's Bride (2008) is set in Ancient Greece, in Rhodes in the year 246 BCE. Shipping, piracy and the politics of the eastern Mediterranean Sea are the well-researched backdrop to the story of two people caught up in the end of the reign of Antiochus II Theos and the beginning of the Third Syrian War, and how these change their lives.

London in Chains (2009) is her first historical novel of a planned two set in the English Civil War. Like many of her novels, it focuses on one woman's struggle for independence in a male dominated world. Starting in 1647, it is set around a Lucy Wentor, a young woman establishing herself in the politically sensitive publishing trade in London.

A Corruptible Crown (2011) follows Lucy's career in publishing: printing news-books and avoiding censors.

Impact and critical reception
Bradshaw has a vast knowledge of classical culture — of life in the ancient Greek and Roman worlds — and she puts that to use in her historical fiction. These critically acclaimed historical novels have led some to consider her Rosemary Sutcliff's literary heir. Bradshaw's novels with a scientific basis are similarly highly credible.

Gillian Bradshaw's novels have been published in English in Britain and the U.S., and have been translated into: Czech (her name also being sometimes translated, as Gillian Bradshawová); Danish; French; German; and Spanish. In all six of her major published languages, Bradshaw's writing has earned critical acclaim.

In Czech, she has also had two short stories published. The Justice of Isis was published as Esetina spravedlnost in 2004, and The Malice of the Anicii was published as Zlovolnost Anicijských in 2008.

title: Gillian Bradshaw


text: User:Tommstein

title: User:Tommstein


text:
National Prosecuting Authority Act, 1998

The National Prosecuting Authority Act, 1998 (Act No. 32 of 1998) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa which established the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA). The creation of the NPA was required by section 179 of the Constitution of South Africa, which came into force in February 1997.

Prior to the passage of the NPA Act, public prosecutions were under the direction of the attorneys-general, with a separate attorney-general appointed by the President for each division of the High Court. The offices of the attorneys-general were merged into a centralised National Prosecuting Authority headed by the National Director of Public Prosecutions, and the various attorneys-general became Directors of Public Prosecutions.

The NPA was established as a single national prosecuting authority in terms of section 179(1) of the Constitution of South Africa 1996, which provides as follows:

“(1) There is a single national prosecuting authority in the Republic, structured in terms of an Act of Parliament, and consisting of: a. a National Director of Public Prosecutions, who is the head of the prosecuting authority, and is appointed by the President, as head of the national executive; and b. Directors of Public Prosecutions and prosecutors as determined by an Act of Parliament. (2) The prosecuting authority has the power to institute criminal proceedings on behalf of the state, and to carry out any necessary functions incidental to instituting criminal proceedings.”

One scholar has commented that “as a representative of the state, the NPA has a special role in our criminal justice system because it has the responsibility of enforcing criminal laws in South Africa by instituting criminal proceedings on behalf of the state.” Although the head of the NPA, the National Director of Public Prosecutions (National Director), is appointed by the President as head of national executive and the NPA forms part of the executive, section 179(4) of the Constitution requires that “national legislation must ensure that the prosecuting authority exercises its functions without fear, favour or prejudice”. In its interpretation of section 179(4), the Constitutional Court of South Africa has said that “there is a constitutional guarantee of independence and any legislative or executive action inconsistent therewith would be subject to constitutional control.”

Proposed Amendments to the National Prosecuting Authority Act
In 2013, Ms Dene Smuts, a member of parliament representing the opposition Democratic Alliance, introduced a private member Bill called the Constitution Eighteenth Amendment Bill [PMB 6 – 2013]. Before it was defeated in the Portfolio Committee on Justice and Constitutional Development, the Bill sought to drastically amend the Constitution of South Africa in matters pertaining to the NPA and the National Prosecuting Authority Act. Specifically, the Bill sought to provide that (1) the President should appoint the National Director on the recommendation and approval of the National Assembly; (2) for the participation of civil society in the nomination of persons for the position of National Director; (3) that the National Director may only be removed from office following a finding of misconduct, incapacity or incompetence and the adoption of a resolution by the National Assembly; (4) removal of clause providing the final responsibility of the cabinet member responsible for the administration of justice over the prosecuting authority; and (5) that the NPA be accountable to the National Assembly. In an article commenting on the Bill, one scholar examines the justifications for the Bill and argues that proponents of the Bill failed to justify on substantive grounds why the Bill was important. The author advances two main arguments against the Bill. Firstly, that the proposition in the Bill is probably contrary to the South African constitutional scheme and that it may not be reconciled with other features or provisions in the Constitution. Secondly, that if approved in its current form the Bill would breach separation of powers.


text:
User:EcoRV

'''I YAM WHAT I YAM! I'M A YAM!'''

title: User:EcoRV


text:
Core (novel)

Core is a science fiction novel by author Paul Preuss. First published in August 1993, it is about a group of scientists who must undertake a dangerous trip to the core of the Earth.

Synopsis
After several disasters around the world connected with the electromagnetic field, a group of scientists travel into the Earth's core to start it again.

title: Core (novel)


text: User talk:68.45.0.35

title: User talk:68.45.0.35


text: User talk:70.161.140.43

title: User talk:70.161.140.43


text:
Thayer Academy

Thayer Academy (TA) is a private, co-educational, college-preparatory day school located in Braintree, Massachusetts, United States. The academy, conceived in 1871 at the bequest of General Sylvanus Thayer, known as the father of the United States Military Academy at West Point, and founder of the Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, was established in 1877. Thayer annually enrolls approximately 470 students in the Upper School (grades 9–12) and an additional 220 students in the Middle School (grades 5–8). The 34 acre campus is situated in the heart of Braintree and consists of eight buildings and 54 classrooms. Students are drawn primarily from Boston's MetroWest and South Shore communities.

History
General Thayer, born in Braintree, Massachusetts, graduated as valedictorian from both Dartmouth College and the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. General Thayer was dedicated to hard work, and at the age of 17, he taught in the local schools of Hanover, New Hampshire to earn money to pay for college – an early sign of the importance he attached to teaching and education. He was Superintendent of the Military Academy at West Point from 1817–1833. General Thayer's 1871 will provided for the creation of Thayer Academy, and on September 12, 1877, the Academy opened its doors to 30 students in what is now Main Building. Glover opened sometime later in 1894. The junior school (grades 5–8), Thayerlands, opened in 1924 and quickly grew to include eight grades as well as kindergarten and nursery school. Beginning in 1969, the lower grades were gradually eliminated, and Thayerlands became Thayer Academy Middle School. Thayer has been a co-educational institution since its founding.

Athletics
Thayer's athletic teams participate in the competitive Independent School League (ISL), the oldest independent school athletic association in the United States.

Tuition
Tuition for the 2023-2024 academic year is $56,780 for the middle school, and $59,390 for the upper school.

Notable alumni

 * Jared Porter '99, baseball executive
 * Tony Amonte '89, professional athlete, former NHL and Olympic athlete; member of the U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame
 * John Cheever, Pulitzer Prize winning author (did not graduate)
 * Charlie Coyle, current professional hockey player for the Boston Bruins
 * William D. Delahunt '59, U.S. Representative, 10th District (MA-D)
 * John Curtis Gowan, psychologist
 * Corey Griffin, philanthropist and co-founder of the Ice Bucket Challenge to raise funds for Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis research
 * David Grossack '73, attorney
 * Kelly Amonte Hiller '92, head lacrosse coach at Northwestern University
 * Mike Jones '03, basketball player, University of Maryland Terrapins
 * Tiffany Kelly '05, Miss Massachusetts USA 2006
 * Asa S. Knowles, educator and president of Northeastern University from 1959 to 1975
 * Mike Mottau '96, hockey player, Hobey Baker Award winner
 * Mike Moyer '90, author
 * Brooks Orpik '98, hockey player, Washington Capitals
 * Jeremy Roenick '88, professional athlete, former NHL and Olympic athlete, member of the U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame
 * Dave Silk '76, former professional ice hockey player
 * General Gordon R. Sullivan '55, United States Army general, Chief of Staff of the Army and a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
 * Ryan Whitney '01, hockey player, Anaheim Ducks
 * Mary Parker Follett graduated 1885, social worker known as the "Mother of Modern Management"
 * Frank N. Newman '59, international banking executive; served as Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Treasury Department
 * Charles Martin Castleman '57, violinist and teacher
 * Frederick C. Murphy '36, Medal of Honor recipient during World War II
 * Bradley Birkenfeld '83, private banker, convicted felon, and whistleblower
 * John W. Beal, former Massachusetts Commissioner for Public Works (dropped out)
 * Asa P. French, former United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts, served as legal counsel to the Rockefeller Family
 * Ella Lyman Cabot, educator, author and lecturer
 * Armand Zildjian, Armenian-American manufacturer of cymbals and the former head of the Avedis Zildjian Company
 * Enrico Cappucci, politician who served as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
 * Adam Gaudette, '15, Hobey Baker Award winner and current professional hockey player
 * Carmelo Travieso, Puerto Rican basketball player for UMass Amherst
 * Austin Gallagher, American marine biologist and social entrepreneur, best known for his research on sharks and his role as founder and CEO of Beneath the Waves, a non-profit organization focusing on ocean conservation.
 * Mike Mitchell, American podcaster, actor, comedian, and writer
 * Michael J. Connor, retired United States Navy Vice Admiral and former Commander of the United States Submarine Forces
 * Richard Wassersug, scientist, honorary professor in the Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences at the University of British Columbia
 * David Hemery, former track and field athlete, Olympian
 * Leif Tilden, American actor, director, and writer
 * Richard Prince, American painter and photographer
 * Suzanne Ciani, American musician, sound designer, and composer
 * Dick Mills former Major League Baseball pitcher for Boston Red Sox
 * Ryan Ashton, American actor
 * Jay O'Brien, ice hockey player
 * Brian Gibbons, former NHL hockey player

Notable teachers

 * Robert Vonnoh Famous American Impressionist

title: Thayer Academy


text:
User talk:EcoRV

Talk to the YAM!Cuz the Something, Something ain't listening

Young Kipper
I swear that my friends son cannot go to school because of a Jewish holiday and I am 99% certain it is called "Young Kipper" Mrdie
 * You're not funny, but you will be blocked soon, if you keep making insulting nonsense articles--Talk to the yam 03:27, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I hear there's this holiday called Christionmass during which people can't go to school for a whole 2 weeks, want me to create an article about it?--Talk to the yam 03:28, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Fine. Please tell me of a Jewish holiday that is on the 13th. - Mrdie
 * You're not funny, and in 24 hours, when I'm unblocked, I'll see that your name makes its way to the vandalism notice board--Talk to the yam 03:31, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Blocked
You have been temporarily blocked from editing for vandalism of Wikipedia. If you wish to make useful contributions, you are welcome to come back after the block expires. --cesarb 03:32, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * In the mean time, since I obviously won't be able to do it, could you take care of the troll I was about to report prior to my block--Talk to the yam 03:33, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * yeah, it wasn't very funny, but thanks for responding politly to it's attempt at nonsense atricle creation, while at the same time, blocking me, for the same--64.12.117.10 03:40, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You were blocked for adding MediaWiki:Noarticletext or something similar to it to lots of random pages. I hadn't even seen the edit to Young Kippur when I made the block. --cesarb 03:47, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I have yet to see any action, for what was a somewhat racist nonsense page creation, you have to admit, adding Noarticletext, is about as benign as you can possibly get--64.12.117.9 03:50, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Dear god, I had no idea it was racist. Please leave me alone now. - Mrdie
 * no--64.12.117.9 03:56, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:EcoRV


text:
Diego Alcazar

Diego Alcazar is a fictional character from General Hospital, an American soap opera on the ABC network. Diego is the son of Lorenzo Alcazar and Maria Sanchez. Ignacio Serricchio originated the role of Diego in October 2004 and portrayed him until the character's supposed death in November 2006. Serricchio returned briefly in 2008, when it is revealed Diego is alive and terrorizing the citizens of Port Charles as the Text Message Killer.

Casting
Ignacio Serricchio joined the cast in 2004, and remained on contract until November 2006, despite being off-screen from December 2005 until March 2006. In 2006 he amicably left the show, telling Soap Opera Digest, "I was not fired and I didn't quit. [...] It's a win-win for everybody." Despite the character being killed off the series, Serricchio briefly reprised the role of Diego in 2008 as the Text Message Killer villain, before the character died again.

2004–06
After being taken in as a foster child by Courtney Matthews, 17-year-old Diego began acting out with Brook Lynn Ashton. Eventually he finds out his father is crime boss and arms dealer Lorenzo Alcazar, and Maria Sanchez, who Diego grew up believing was his sister, is actually his mother. Diego begins living with his father and following in his criminal footsteps.

In May 2005 Diego takes a liking to Maxie Jones and breaks up with his current girlfriend, Brook Lynn. It eventually turns out Diego is the Port Charles University stalker who had been drugging girls and taking pictures of them, including Maxie and Brook. He claims he was getting revenge for the death of his cousin, Sage Alcazar, who was locked in a freezer by Brook and Georgie Jones leading up to her stabbing by Mary Bishop. Lorenzo turns Diego in to the police for his crimes, but Diego runs out of the police station, holding Georgie hostage. He is ultimately caught and sent to prison, but returns to Port Charles a few months later. Serricchio spoke to Soap Opera Digest about the turn of his character, saying, "I think everybody has that [dark] side. I don’t know if it’s because he’s a bad person. I think it’s the teenage hormones that really got to him. You hear of kids that are wonderful human beings and all of a sudden they snap — and it comes out of nowhere. So, it’s more of a psychological thing. It doesn’t matter if he comes back or not. I’m good to go both ways."

In March 2006, Diego develops a relationship with Georgie, who was fighting with her husband Dillon Quartermaine, especially after he found out she had been writing to Diego while he was in prison. Diego teamed up with Lulu Spencer, who had a crush on Dillon, to break up Dillon and Georgie. The plan works and Diego and Georgie start dating until they realize what Diego and Lulu had done. Diego told Georgie he accepted her for who she was and loved her and refused to give up on them which touched Georgie.

In November 2006, Diego works with Lorenzo to try to frame Sam McCall, Jason Morgan, and Damian Spinelli. In a shootout, Sam shoots Diego in self-defense, and everyone is led to believe he is dead.

2007–08: Text message killer
In September 2007, Jason Morgan and Carly Corinthos Jacks find her nanny Leticia's body on the floor with a telephone cord wrapped around her neck. Sonny Corinthos believes that Leticia's death is a message sent by the Zaccharas, a new crime family in town. He begins receiving text messages, explaining that the killing will not stop at Leticia: "Nanny got the phone cord. Who comes next?"

Carly finds out that her cousin, Lulu Spencer, is texting Johnny Zacchara. Worried, Carly begins texting him, pretending to be Lulu. Then Carly receives a text message from an unknown number including photos of her and Jax that had been taken through her phone without her knowledge. After receiving an invitation to the Black and White Ball thrown by Nikolas Cassadine and Emily Quartermaine, Carly receives the text message, "See U at the ball".

At the Black and White Ball, Carly sends text messages to the killer, planning to meet him in the study. She waits there until Cooper Barrett walks in. Carly holds Coop at gun point, but he pleads his innocence. Maxie Jones arrives and they leave. Later that night, Carly is nearly strangled herself, but Johnny arrives in time and saves her life. Later in the evening, Emily and Nikolas are in the ballroom when someone knocks Nikolas unconscious and begins strangling Emily. Nikolas later wakes up to see Emily's lifeless body next to him. Word of Emily's passing spreads as everyone mourns her death, and fears of the Text Message Killer grow.

Weeks later, Georgie Jones, Maxie's sister, receives a text message saying, "Seen ur sis?". Later that day, Maxie returns home to find the killer waiting for her, who begins strangling her. Georgie arrives home as the killer runs past her. The next day, as Maxie gets another text message from the killer, Georgie notices Coop looking at Maxie strangely as he holds his cell phone. Georgie begins asking questions about Coop's whereabouts at the ball and the day Maxie was strangled. Georgie enlists Damian Spinelli's help in proving that Coop is the killer. Spinelli finds out that a female soldier was strangled where Coop was stationed in Iraq, furthering their suspicions.

On December 17, 2007, Georgie gets a text message saying, "Tell Sis to meet in park." Georgie goes alone, and is about to call 911 when someone emerges from the bushes. Shortly thereafter, Georgie's lifeless body is discovered by Spinelli. Word of Georgie's death spreads as the entire town grieves the loss. Later, Coop arrives late to meet Maxie, who asks him why his hands are cold. Meanwhile, a mysterious new waiter at Kelly's, Daniel, is seen to be very suspicious during conversations that involve the Text Message Killer. He is also seen wrapping a piece of string around the neck of a small doll.

Coop's DNA is a match to the skin found under Georgie's fingernails, furthering his position as the prime suspect. He attempts to explain that the DNA came from Georgie scratching him in a panic when he stopped to ask her if she was okay alone in the park. On January 25, 2008, Coop is found dead in his room, and it is presumed he hanged himself out of guilt and was the killer.

Sam McCall is then strangled by a masked man. She fights him off but is hit by a car after running into the street. Sam is convinced the Text Message Killer is alive, meanwhile Maxie enlists Spinelli's help with proving Coop's innocence. Logan Hayes begins acting suspiciously, and it is revealed that his ribs are badly bruised right after Sam's fight with the killer. They warn his girlfriend Lulu Spencer, who sneaks into his apartment and finds a ski mask, gloves and a cell phone piggy back device. Logan refutes her claims and says he was planning to frame his rival, Johnny Zacchara. She tries to leave, but Logan grabs her. Lulu, in a desperate attempt to get away, hits Logan with a wrench and knocks him out.

Sam returns home from the hospital, where the killer slips a cord around her neck. She fights free and the man reveals his face, showing he is Diego Alcazar. Diego explains to Sam that after he was shot, his father felt his pulse and took him to South America for treatment. His father planned to come live with him there, but never came because Jason Morgan killed him. Diego vowed to make Sonny and Jason pay, and planned to kill their loved ones to make them suffer. He explains that he planned to kill Carly first, but Letica found him so he killed her instead. Then he decided to scare his victims before killing them. He began to send text messages to taunt Sonny and Jason. Diego then kidnaps Sam and holds her hostage at a warehouse. There he continues to explain to Sam why he targeted his victims. He says he strangled Emily because she was Jason's sister. He targeted Maxie next because of her involvement in sending him to prison for the PCU stalkings. He meant to kill Maxie instead of Georgie in the park, but once Georgie saw who he was he felt he was forced to kill her. He killed Cooper because he was getting too close to figuring out Diego was the killer. He went after Alexis Davis both because she had killed his uncle Luis Alcazar and because she is Sam's mother. He went after Sam both to hurt Jason and because Sam had shot him. He then places a bomb in Sam's lap and leaves.

Sam manages to get free. She tries to escape through the ducts but Diego has set it up so it would lead her right back to him. Diego returns to the warehouse and puts Sam in the trunk of his car. He goes back to her apartment to pack her bags and make it look like she left town. However, he forgets to take her cell phone, which is later found by Jason. When Diego leaves the apartment, he finds Elizabeth Webber standing outside and drugs her, kidnaps her, and handcuffs her in the back seat of his car. Max Giambetti sees him and tries to stop him but he hits him with his car. Elizabeth wakes up as Diego is driving them to the Hangman's Bridge. She claws at him, which causes Diego to wreck the car, which teeters on the edge of the bridge. Jason and Lucky Spencer show up and manage to rescue Sam and Elizabeth. Lucky gets shot by Diego, who gets away in the process.

Nikolas and Nadine Crowell go to the warehouse to look for Diego. Diego finds Nadine alone, and holds her hostage with bombs set to explode. He goes back to his headquarters where Nikolas finds him. The two struggle and Diego attempts to strangle Nikolas and escapes. Diego finds Maxie and Spinelli and is ready to strangle Maxie when Nikolas returns. Maxie stabs him with a pole bar and Nikolas punches him. A rope gets around Diego's neck when Nikolas attacks him. He tries to get away, but he ends up falling off of the catwalk and hangs himself to death.

title: Diego Alcazar


text:
Barre Adan Shire Hiiraale

Barre Adan Shire (Barre Aadan Shire, باري ادن شاير), also known as Barre Hiiraale, Barre "Hirale" Aden Shire, or Abdikadir Adan Shire, is a former Minister of Defense of the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG). He was previously the TFG Minister for National Reconstruction and Resettlement. Hiiraale was also the chairman of the now defunct Juba Valley Alliance, which controlled Southern and Southwestern Somalia, including the nation's third-largest city, the strategic port town of Kismayo. During his time in office, Hiiraale presided over the country's largest autonomous area, as well as commanding an extensive militia.

Biography
Barre Hiiraale was born in Geladin, which today is part of the Ogaden region in Ethiopia. He later moved to neighbouring Abudwak in the Galgadud region of Somalia, and from there on to Mogadishu for secondary school. For his post-secondary education, Hiiraale attended the prestigious United States Military Academy at West Point. That scholarship and patronage were part of Cold War-era treaties signed by Mogadishu and Washington in exchange for Washington's use of naval facilities in the coastal Somali cities of Kismayo, Mogadishu, and Berbera. Hiiraale returned to Somalia with a degree in Military Science, as well as Political Relations in military warfare.

Somali Civil War
In the years of the Somali Civil War, he served as the commander of the Somali National Front (SNF). Under Col. Hirale's command, the SNF defeated the forces of Mohamed Farah Aidid and his USC in the Gedo region. The SNF then took control of Kismayo and the Lower Jubba region with the defeat and ousting of Mohammed Said Hersi "Morgan" and his SRRC Allied militias composed of the Ogaden SPM, the Harti SSDF, and the Rahanweyn RRA.

Juba Valley Alliance
He was chairman of the Juba Valley Alliance (Isbahaysiga Dooxada Juba), which declared autonomy from the rest of Somalia in 1998, and controlled Kismayo and the Juba Valley until the defeat of his forces by the ICU in 2006.

On August 6, 2001, after 10 days of heavy fighting in a battle involving 40 technicals and 1,000 militiamen, the JVA took the town of Jilib from the SRRC.

With hopes to end the violence, Col. Hirale participated in the Somali Reconciliation Conference, held in Eldoret, Kenya, in 2002.

Transitional Federal Government
Col. Hirale serves as Defense Minister in Somalia's Transitional Federal Government. In November 2005, he was instrumental in making a compromise proposal to help establish the TFG.

He suffered the loss of Kismayo in September 2006, and further defeat during ICU's takeover of the Juba Valley in October 2006. On October 14, his wife was arrested in Kismayo, along with a number of other women.

He regrouped his forces in Gedo region, and successfully lead the counterattacking TFG forces, who, alongside Ethiopian troops, won successive battles during December 2006, eventually forcing the ICU back to Mogadishu, where, on December 29, the TFG and Ethiopian forces took Mogadishu.

Retaking the Juba Valley

On December 29, 2006, TFG forces under Defense Minister (and former head of the Juba Valley Alliance) Barre Adan Shire Hiiraale entered Bu'aale, approximately 150 km north of Kismayo. Ethiopian jets continued to patrol over Jilib, and a column of 15 tanks was reported heading towards Bu'aale and Jilib. The Islamic militia reportedly mined the road to Jilib.

Battle of Jilib
On December 31, 2006, the Battle of Jilib determined the control of the approaches to Kismayo. The result of the battle was the retaking of Kismayo on January 1, 2007, which was abandoned by ICU forces.

Peace Building
On December 31, 2006, the Defense minister and his army confronted two opposing militias who were disputing the control of a vehicle left behind. Apparently, upon the Defense minister approaching them, they both united their guns towards the Defense minister and his army, forcing them to defend themselves. The casualties reported numbered 10 for the combined militia and 2 for the Defense minister.

Pardon Offered to Islamists
On January 2, 2007, in Kismayo, Col. Hiiraale offered an amnesty to former members of the ICU forces. He also spoke about the strength of the new government: "You have heard a lot of times that the transitional government is weak... But I will confirm [to] you that the national army are in control of all regions in the country - east, centre and south."

Arrest by Ethiopia
On May 3, 2011, it was reported Barre Hirale was arrested by Ethiopian forces near Dolow, in the Gedo region, but was released shortly thereafter and later secretly moved out of Dolow with 5 militia men from Alidere tribe who took him to Elwak. Barre Hirale later went to Nairobi from Elwak.

Keeping low profile
Barre Hiraale kept low profile from politics since 2011 when combined forces of AMISOM and Rascamboni Brigade forced him out of Kismayu.

title: Barre Adan Shire Hiiraale


text:
Life of an American Fireman

Life of an American Fireman is a short, silent film Edwin S. Porter made for the Edison Manufacturing Company. It was shot late in 1902 and distributed early in 1903. One of the earliest American narrative films, it depicts the rescue of a woman and child from a burning building. It bears notable similarities to the 1901 British short film Fire!, directed by James Williamson.

In 2016, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Historical significance
Life of an American Fireman is notable for its synthesis of numerous innovations in film technique that had occurred in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Specifically, Porter builds a continuous narrative over seven scenes, rendered in a total of nine shots:

 * 1) The Fireman's Vision of an Imperilled [sic] Woman and Child.
 * 2) A Close View of a New York Fire Alarm Box.
 * 3) The Interior of the Sleeping Quarters in the Fire House.
 * 4) Interior of the Engine House.
 * 5) The Apparatus Leaving the Engine House.
 * 6) Off to the Fire.
 * 7) The Arrival at the Fire.

This particular construction of time and space was not invented by Porter, but he did maximize its use and further develop it in his more famous film of 1903, The Great Train Robbery.

Charles Musser, a film scholar, points out that this film represents the social role of firefighters was changing at the time.

Differing versions
The film was long considered important for its unusual editing style, being considered the earliest example of cross-cutting, notably during the final scenes of the rescue of the woman and her child. On the basis of this, Porter was hailed as an innovative editor. However, subsequent research by the paper print project at the Library of Congress suggested that the cross-cut version was re-edited at some unspecified time after the film's 1903 release, and that in its original form it used few, if any, of the pioneering edits claimed. As originally released, the interior point of view of the burning house is shown first and completed. Then the exact same action repeating itself is shown again from the exterior. Charles Musser has chronicled the history of this controversy in Before the Nickelodeon and concluded that the paper-print version containing the repetitive action was the one released in 1903.

Influence
Martin Scorsese has noted that Life of an American Fireman greatly influenced the visual style of his 1982 film The King of Comedy.

title: Life of an American Fireman


text:
Talk:New Zealand Special Air Service

Untitled
Changed "...assisting in the so-called the War on Terrorism..." to "assisting in what was called the War on Terrorism", deleting "so-called" which has a sarcastic tone to something non-judgemental. No matter what one's opinion this is an encyclopedia not a platform. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.33.66.144 (talk • contribs)

500:1
I can't find that "500:1" statistic anywhere. It has been repeated elswhere but all the references lead to here, i think it should be removed to stop the spread of incorrect informationPaige Master 12:22, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

The '500:1' stat is a stat from the Australian SASR in Vietnam. Seeing as the NZ SAS was attached to the SASR at the time you could probably use it, but I'm not sure if it refered to NZ operations as well. The talk page for the Aussie SASR has the reference's if you want to include it.Ebglider91 05:31, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
 * The statistic is not correct. According to the citation in Australian Special Air Service Regiment the Australian and NZ in Vietnam killed between 492 and 598 Communist troops and suffered two deaths from enemy action. Still very, very impressive, but not 500:1. --Nick Dowling 08:42, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Picture
i think NZSAS operators at an NZDF open day picture should be changed as it dosn, t represent the NzSAS role it just shows a couple of guys riding a Farm Vehicle in Dpm's

Also in New Zealand its is n t referrd to as the War on Terrisom is refered to as the so called war on terrisom or the US war on terrisom as NZ dose not reconise the war BraverHeart 08:19, 7 May 2007 (UTC) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by BraverHeart (talk • contribs) 20:34, 9 March 2007 (UTC).

That photo is the least impressive military photo I have ever seen. --Helenalex 04:14, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Is that photo for real? What an embarassment for the NZSAS. Ajayvius 10:26, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

 * As there seems to be a debate over the suitability of the image I've taken it out of the article and placed it here. I contacted the person who uploaded it and they state that it's genuine. However, it may not be representative - though I've got nothing against photos which depict the military in non-glamorous ways. [[Image:NZSAS1.jpg|thumb|NZSAS operators at an NZDF open day]] --Nick Dowling 11:00, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

I'd be more concerned about the rise of the term "operators" in special forces entries. It's an American military 'marketing' term and seldom (I've certainly never heard it used IRL) used within the NZ SF community. Wannabes, yes, but not actual troopers. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.207.225.30 (talk) 02:32, 25 December 2014 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Nzarmy.gif
Image:Nzarmy.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 05:15, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

title
The title of the service is New Zealand Special Air Service, thus NZSAS, and this should be the title of the page. Mesoso2 21:00, 11 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree, and the NZ Army website supports this: http://www.army.mil.nz/our-army/nzsas/default.htm The page could also be titled New Zealand Special Air Service Group. --Nick Dowling 10:27, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Should become New Zealand Special Air Service. If we change the page title to NZ SAS Group, in whatever abbreviation, the Army, following Murphy's law, will immediately redesignate the the NZ SAS as a regiment or a battalion or a task force or something. Buckshot06 23:05, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:New Zealand SAS during the Malayan Emergency.jpg
Image:New Zealand SAS during the Malayan Emergency.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 02:30, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 09:30, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

'Victoria Cross' section
Might I suggest that the 'Victoria Cross' section be shortened, as it is the largest sub-section in the article yet focuses on the actions of Cpl. Apiata, which are better and more relevantly covered in the article 'Bill Apiata'. This could be achieved by removing the following text:

New Zealand's Prime Minister, Helen Clark, said: "Corporal Apiata carried a severely wounded fellow soldier across ... broken, rocky and fire-swept ground, fully exposed in the glare of battle to heavy opposing fire, and into the face of returning fire from the main New Zealand troop position.”

The citation said: "The troop could now concentrate entirely on prevailing in the battle itself. After an engagement lasting approximately twenty minutes, the assault was broken up and the numerically superior attackers were routed with significant casualties, with the Troop in pursuit." O.Duke (talk) 00:20, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Rape: I have heard the sas rape new recruits, it seems crazy but who knows. What do ya think? Suposably on that tv show about joining them it said during the interrogation training the recruit goes through sexual interrogation. ever heard of this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 125.239.24.229 (talk) 09:12, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Check your local NZ public library. There is at least one good book on the NZ SAS which deals with the training process, and if I recall correctly, does cover this aspect. 22:18, 12 September 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.97.106.191 (talk)

Description of the SAS Badge
I have spotted a slight mistake in this page. The badge is not a 'flaming dagger', its a winged dagger. Secondly the NZ SAS badge and beret are blue, not gold/orange, thats the UK SAS. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Lieutenant Wraith (talk • contribs) 10:27, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

Who copied from who?
Have a look at this: http://whodareswins.com/nzsas-history-wars.html. Either they copied their text from wikipedia and wrote "© 2009 Who Dares Wins .com" under it or someone just copied the whole text in here.

--repat 06:42, 14 November 2009 (UTC)

 * This article's current text has been reasonably stable for at least the last year (and has been slowly evolving) so it's pretty clear that they stole it from here. Nick-D (talk) 07:14, 14 November 2009 (UTC)

Should the article be moved to 1st New Zealand Special Air Service Regiment?
Given that the NZSAS has now achieved regimental status, should this article be moved to 1st New Zealand Special Air Service Regiment? Such a move would be consistent with the article on the Australian SAS (which is at Special Air Service Regiment), though not consistent with the article on the British SAS as all of its various regiments are covered together at Special Air Service. Nick-D (talk) 22:32, 1 March 2013 (UTC)
 * My feeling is that the corps is named the NZ SAS, but the unit that it forms keeps getting redesignated (Group, Regiment etc). I'd keep it at NZ SAS. Buckshot06 (talk) 00:15, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
 * I'm inclined to think it should be changed to Regt as well since this page talks about Commando, Support and EOD sqns - which are functions of the Regt - but not those who are 'NZSAS' which as pointed out above is the corps of the badged SF personnel. Clarke43 (talk) 22:38, 31 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I don't like the Australian Special Air Service article title. The Special Air Regiment SASR. Most people wouldn't understand if you said SASR but instantly for SAS. SAS (Australia) would be better which is what most people use SAS (WP:COMMONNAME policy) which an article is supposed to be titled and not SASR (WP:OFFICIALNAMES policy). For New Zealand, NZSAS is the WP:COMMONNAME and not 1st New Zealand Special Air Service Regiment WP:OFFICIALNAMES. The NZ Defence Force still uses NZSAS on their website. The Delta Force article title is a good example of not using an official name. --Melbguy05 (talk) 14:21, 17 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I've no opinion about the move suggestion as it is (as I think both names work so would be happy with either); however, I'm not a fan of the suggestion to use an abbreviation for an article name (e.g. "SAS (Country X)") as it is simply far too ambiguous, even if that construction is commonly used. It would also be inconsistent with the titles used for similar articles. To me use of the official name in the Australian example is clearer, and we have a bunch of redirects and disambiguation pages to lead people from other potential search terms (i.e. Australian SASR, or SAS etc) to the actual article. Using an abbreviated name would fail the criteria for "precision" and "consistency" as set out at WP:NAMINGCRITERIA. Anotherclown (talk) 22:41, 17 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I agree with Anotherclown: "Special Air Service Regiment" for the Australian unit works fine, given it's the unit's name (and any formal discussion of changing its name belongs on its talk page). Nick-D (talk) 01:35, 18 September 2016 (UTC)

Placque
I found this on commons - perhaps you can find a use for it Gbawden (talk) 10:25, 2 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:New Zealand Special Air Service


text:
Talk:Gillian Bradshaw

Untitled
OK, this is my very first article. I plan on expanding it gradually over the next 48 hours, until I reach the limit of my capacity. Feedback and corrections much appreciated. I'm a big fan of Gillian Bradshaw (top hits are Beacon of Alexandria, and Island of Ghosts), and it's about time she gets her WikiPedia Entry. (She used to have a semi-official webpage, although not updated for some time, but when I googled today I did not find it. Possibly she or someone else decided to put the old page out of its misery). TBD: I need to add bibliographical info (stolen from fantasticfiction), and to turn bunches of words into links (e.g. Arthur, YA).. --Peter Knutsen 02:10, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Most linking has been done.--Peter Knutsen 14:44, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

OK, the explanation of the title is a wonderful piece of information, but it needs to get moved down to the next section, details. I'll try to get around to doing that in a day or two.

Umm, the above was by me, I just forgot to sign it. It's very, very nice of this anonymous user (IP) to add all this information, but it'll need to be moved from the Overview section to the Details section. Becuase that's exactly why I made a Details section in the first place.--Peter Knutsen 15:21, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Place of Birth?
In german books of her, is written that she was born in Falls Church, not in Arlington. Has anyone some information about this? (excuse for my poor english)--dirk33

 * Thanks Dirk, you are absolutely correct -- according to her own book Hawk of May she was born in Falls Church, Virginia, which is NOT in Arlington County. I have fixed it in the article. Softlavender (talk) 07:58, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

Translations
I think this sentence in the current article gives the wrong impression of the situation:

"Her works have also been published in German  and Spanish, and in all three of her published languages her writing has earned critical acclaim."

To me it sounds like she has only been translated into those languages, but that is incorrect. At least 7 or 8 of her books have been translated into Danish (my mother tounge in which I've read them), and I think it would be odd if that was the only 'minor' (5M people) language into which her books have been translated. Does anybody know how widespread her books actually are? 87.49.93.86 21:10, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Gillian Bradshaw


text: Category:Fresnans

title: Category:Fresnans


text:
Candida Casa

Candida Casa was the name given to the church established by St Ninian in Whithorn, Galloway, southern Scotland, in the mid fifth century AD. The name derives from casa (meaning hut) and candidus/candida (meaning shining or glittering white), referring possibly to the stone used to construct it, or the whitewash used to paint it.

History
Whithorn, an early trading centre, precedes the island of Iona by 150 years as a birthplace of Scottish Christianity. In 397, St Ninian established the first Christian mission north of Hadrian's Wall here, while the Roman legions still occupied Britain. He erected a small stone church known as the "Candida Casa", or White House, which was Scotland's first Christian building, and the first Christian settlement north of Hadrian's Wall. The church site quickly grew to prominence in the early medieval period, becoming a cathedral and monastery, and remaining a centre for pilgrimage despite the unstable political situation in the region.

At Whithorn, many monks were trained who later went into the missionary field to become famous apostles of Ireland and Alba, even as far north as the Orkney and Shetland islands. Saint Éogan, founder of the monastery of Ardstraw, was an Irishman who lived in the 6th century and was said to have been taken by pirates to Britain. On obtaining his freedom, he went to study at Candida Casa. Bishop Healy identifies the site with the great seminary of Rosnat, "...and undoubtedly was one of the chief sources from which Irish monasticism was derived."

Pottery and glass from the Mediterranean and Western France reached this early Christian monastery and many of the monks may have come from France itself, bringing new technology and crafts with them.

Whithorn and the surrounding area passed from Brythonic control to the Northumbrians. An Anglo-Saxon Diocese of Whithorn was established no later than c. 730. Later the area fell under Norse control before finally returning to celtic control by 1100, by which time the area was part of the Kingdom of Scots.

The bishopric of Whithorn was re-established in 1128, and a new cathedral and adjoining priory were built on the site.

The site fell into disrepair through the Scottish Reformation and beyond. "Whithorn Priory and Museum" encompasses the ruins and is maintained by Historic Environment Scotland. Adjoining this is "St Ninians's Priory", built in 1822 as the church of Whithorn Church of Scotland parish, and still in use.

title: Candida Casa


text:
Edmund O'Reilly (theologian)

Edmund James O'Reilly (30 April 1811 – 10 November 1878) was an Irish Jesuit Catholic theologian.

Biography
Edmund James O'Reilly was born in London, England, United Kingdom, on 30 April 1811. He was educated at Clongowes and Maynooth and studied theology for seven years in the Roman College in Rome. He then gained the decree of Doctor of Divinity by a "public act" de iniversa theologia.

He was ordained a priest in 1838. He taught theology for 13 years at Maynooth College. He entered the Jesuit novitiate at Naples, Italy. He taught theology for several years at Saint Beuno's College in North Wales.

O'Reilly was named Professor of Theology at the Catholic University of Ireland in Dublin on its foundation. Father Peter Jan Beckx, Superior-General of the Society of Jesus, proposed to appoint O'Reilly as Professor of Theology at the Roman College. However, circumstances, which were unrelated to O'Reilly, prevent the appointment. O'Reilly was the Rector of a house of spiritual exercises at Milltown Park near Dublin, and Provincial of Ireland from 1863 to 1870.

At a conference held regarding the philosophical and theological studies in the Society of Jesus, O'Reilly was chosen to represent all the English-speaking "provinces" of the Society (Ireland, England, Maryland, and the other divisions of the United States).

He was constantly consulted on theological questions by the bishops and priests of Ireland. These bishops chose O'Reilly as their theologian: Cardinal Paul Cullen, then Bishop of Armagh, at the Synod of Thurles in 1850; Doctor James Brown, Bishop of Shrewsbury, at the Synod of Shrewsbury; and Doctor Thomas Furlong, Bishop of Ferns and O'Reilly's former colleague as Professor of Theology at Maynooth, at the Synod of Maynooth.

Cardinal John Henry Newman in his famous Letter to the Duke of Norfolk calls O'Reilly "a great authority" and "one of the first theologians of the day".

O'Reilly's chief work was The Relations of the Church to Society.

He died in Dublin, Ireland, United Kingdom, on 10 November 1878.

title: Edmund O'Reilly (theologian)


text: Category:Fresno, California

title: Category:Fresno, California


text: User talk:68.33.66.144

title: User talk:68.33.66.144


text:
Prevention of Organised Crime Act, 1998

The Prevention of Organised Crime Act (No. 121 of 1998) is a statute promulgated by the Parliament of South Africa. It introduced measures to allow prosecutors to combat organised crime, money laundering, and gang activity. It also prohibited certain types of racketeering activities and abolished money laundering and established an obligation for people to report it.

title: Prevention of Organised Crime Act, 1998


text:
On My First Sonne

"On My First Sonne", a poem by Ben Jonson, was written in 1603 and published in 1616 after the death of Jonson's first son Benjamin at the age of seven. The poem, a reflection of a father's pain in his young son's death, is rendered more acutely moving when compared with Jonson's other, usually more cynical or mocking, poetry. It is clearly different from the poem written about his daughter's death, which does not show the loss on such an intense level.

title: On My First Sonne


text: User talk:199.111.85.42

title: User talk:199.111.85.42