text:
Life on the Murder Scene

Life on the Murder Scene is a live album/compilation album by American rock band My Chemical Romance. It was released on March 21, 2006. The release includes three discs (two DVDs and one CD) of the whole history documenting the band from the start to the present. Life on the Murder Scene is a predominantly live album, but also includes two demo tracks and a previously unreleased track. Models Jamisin Matthews and Jaime Andrews portray the demolition couple in the cover photo, booklet, packaging, DVD art, and DVD menus. The demo of "Bury Me in Black" was previously released as a bonus track on the Japanese release of Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge.

One DVD documents the band on the road in the form of a diary and the other covers live footage, Sessions@AOL, MTV $2 Bill performance, and four of their videos with the behind-the-scenes "Making Of..." for three of them. The cover features a live version of "Demolition Lovers II" (the name of the album cover of Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge).

The album has seen decent success in Australia, peaking at #2 on the ARIA Top 40 DVD Chart, and also in the U.S., peaking at #30 on the Billboard 200 and #1 on the Heetseekers.

Certifications
Life on the Murder Scene has been certified 2× platinum by the RIAA indicating shipment of over 200,000 units as it is considered a long-form video.

Artwork
The artwork features a live-action re-enactment of the Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge album cover.

CD
All songs written and composed by My Chemical Romance.

Personnel
My Chemical Romance
 * Bob Bryar — drums (live performance and music videos)
 * Frank Iero — rhythm guitar, backing vocals
 * Matt Pelissier — drums (studio tracks)
 * Ray Toro — lead guitar, backing vocals
 * Mikey Way — bass
 * Gerard Way — lead vocals

DVD credits
 * DVD post production: David May, Raena Winscott, Traci Samxzyk
 * DVD mastered by Outpost Sound
 * DVD menu animation designed by Magnetic Dreams
 * DVD authoring by Mighty Forces Productions
 * Directors: Brad Nolan & Greg Kaplan
 * Executive producers: Craig Aaronson, Brian Schechter & Brad Nolan
 * Camera & Interview Footage: Brad Nolan
 * Management: Brian Schechter/Riot Squad
 * Documentary Director/Editor: Greg Kaplan
 * Legal: Stacy Fass
 * Agent: Matt Galle/Ellis Industries (USA), Geoff Meall/The Agency Group (UK & Europe)
 * A&R: Craig Aaronson
 * Art Direction and Photography by P.R. Brown at Bau-Da Design Lab
 * Design by Trevor Niemann at Bau-Da Design Lab

title: Life on the Murder Scene


text:
Talk:Life on the Murder Scene

Untitled
Vandalised i havn't got time to fix it, but scroll down. made me laugh a small bit. someone has changed it to "my homosexual parade" "three cheers for queers" etc

models?
what's the name of the models used to portray the couple? SCREW IT JUST TELL US THE NAME OF THE MODEL USED TO PORTRAY THE COUPLE!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.2.247.16 (talk) 07:01, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

Cover artwork
Can somebody download an image of the cover, I would but my parents won't let me. The cover looks the the Three Cheers.. one with the couple drenched in blood kissing, except the two are real people. --CagedInsomniak 22:09, 13 December 2005 (UTC)CagedInsomniak

 * I have looked for an image on Google Images, Yahoo Image Search, and Amazon, and I can't find anything but the cover for Three Cheers. If you can find a link, I can probably upload it for you. — HorsePunchKid →龜 2005-12-15 08:12:11Z

Parental advisory?
Why does this album have a parental advisory label? íslenska hurikein #12 (samtal) 01:40, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

 * You're kidding? Take a look at the cover. Shamess 21:02, 16 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, now that I have it, I know. But I thought they only put labels on for lyrics, not looks. íslenskur fel lib ylur #12 (samtal) 22:33, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

Yeah, well the lyrics aren't exactly for kids are they? --Mike Infinitum 01:07, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Also, the DVD's are rated M in Australia... no, a very interesting set, but not kid-friendly.  Cat tleG irl  '' talk 09:42, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

There's quite a bit of swearing on it, especially in the video diary. My Chemical Romance rock! 11:37, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

Sarah
ok whats this sarah b/s on here? can someone change it?
 * Done. WereWolf 03:59, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Copied?
I was researching this to build the article more when I found this website. Is it just me, or is it exactly the same as the article? I don't know whether it's us or the other website that's done the copying though. Any thoughts? Something needs to be changed.  Cat tleG irl  '' talk 06:08, 26 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Answers.com is a mirror site of wikipedia. Since all writing is under free use, it can be copied legally. I don't like it, but that's how it is. icelandic hur ric ane #12 (talk) 22:08, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Artwork
if you look on the very inside artwork, the picture of the man's face, half covered in blood, is the same as the cover of the I'm Not Okay single... just thought id mention that.-Dizzydark 20:19, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Life on the Murder Scene. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS to http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:45, 15 May 2017 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Life on the Murder Scene


text:
Metal injection molding

Metal injection molding  (MIM) is a metalworking process in which finely-powdered metal is mixed with binder material to create a "feedstock" that is then shaped and solidified using injection molding. Metal injection molding combines the most useful characteristics of powder metallurgy and plastic injection molding to facilitate the production of small, complex-shaped metal components with outstanding mechanical properties. The molding process allows high volume, complex parts to be shaped in a single step. After molding, the part undergoes conditioning operations to remove the binder (debinding) and densify the powders. Finished products are small components used in many industries and applications.

The behavior of MIM feedstock is governed by rheology, the study of sludges, suspensions, and other non-Newtonian fluids.

Due to current equipment limitations, products must be molded using quantities of 100 grams or less per "shot" into the mold. This shot can be distributed into multiple cavities, making MIM cost-effective for small, intricate, high-volume products, which would otherwise be expensive to produce. MIM feedstock can be composed of a plethora of metals, but most common are stainless steels, widely used in powder metallurgy. After the initial molding, the feedstock binder is removed, and the metal particles are diffusion bonded and densified to achieve the desired strength properties. The latter operation typically shrinks the product by 15% in each dimension.

The metal injection molding market has grown from US$9 million in 1986, to US$382 million in 2004 to more than US$1.5 billion in 2015. A related technology is ceramic powder injection molding, leading to about US$2 billion total sales. Most of the growth in recent years has been in Asia.

Process
In the monograph P.O. Gribovsky, published in 1956, describes in detail the technology of hot casting (hot molding) ceramic products under pressure (now, Low Pressure Powder Injection Molding) and, in particular, notes that "hot casting technology provides the ability to manufacture products from any solid materials, ranging from natural minerals, pure oxides, carbides, metals, etc., and ending with multicomponent composite synthetic materials and their combinations". This indication of the possibility of MIM-casting, which was implemented by Dr. Raymond E. Wiech Jr. in the 1970s, who refined MIM technology as co-founder of a California company named Parmatech, the name being condensed from the phrase "particle materials technology". Wiech later patented his process, and it was widely adopted for manufacturing use in the 1980s.

MIM gained recognition throughout the 1990s as improvements to subsequent conditioning processes resulted in an end product that performs similarly to or better than those made through competing processes. MIM technology improved cost efficiency through high volume production to "net-shape", negating costly, additional operations such as machining although MIM is weak in terms of tight dimensional specifications.

The process steps involve combining metal powders with polymers such as wax and polypropylene binders to produce the "feedstock" mix that is injected as a liquid into a mold using plastic injection molding machines. The molded or "green part" is cooled and ejected from the mold. Next, a portion of the binder material is removed using solvent, thermal furnaces, catalytic process, or a combination of methods. The resulting, fragile and porous (40 volume percent "air") part, is in a condition called the "brown" stage. To improve handling often the debinding and sintering are combined into a single process. Sintering heats the powder to temperatures near the melting point in a protective atmosphere furnace to densify the particles using capillary forces in a process called sintering. MIM parts are often sintered at temperatures nearly high enough to induce partial melting in a process termed liquid phase sintering. For example, a stainless steel might be heated to 1350 to 1400 C. Diffusion rates are high leading to high shrinkage and densification. If performed in vacuum, it is common to reach 96–99% solid density. The end-product metal has comparable mechanical and physical properties with annealed parts made using classic metalworking methods. Post sintering heat treatments for MIM are the same as with other fabrication routes, and with high density the MIM component is compatible with the metal conditioning treatments such as plating, passivating, annealing, carburizing, nitriding, and precipitation hardening.

Applications
The window of economic advantage in metal injection molded parts lies in complexity and volume for small-size parts. MIM materials are comparable to metal formed by competing methods, and final products are used in a broad range of industrial, commercial, medical, dental, firearms, aerospace, and automotive applications. Dimensional tolerances of ±0.3% are common and machining is required for closer tolerances. MIM can produce parts where it is difficult, or even impossible, to efficiently manufacture an item through other means of fabrication. Ideally, at least 75 dimensional specifications in a component of just 25 mm maximum size and 10 g mass is best – as for example required for watch cases, cellular telephone plugs, and laptop computer hinges. Increased costs for traditional manufacturing methods inherent to part complexity, such as internal/external threads, miniaturization, or identity marking, typically do not increase the cost in a MIM operation due to the flexibility of injection molding.

Other design capabilities that can be implemented into the MIM operation include product codes, part numbers, or date stamps; parts manufactured to their net weight reducing material waste and cost; Density controlled to within 95–98%; Amalgamation of parts and Complex 3D Geometries.

The ability to combine several operations into one process ensures MIM is successful in saving lead times as well as costs, providing significant benefits to manufacturers. The metal injection molding process might be a green technology due to the significant reduction in wastage compared to "traditional" manufacturing methods such as 5 axis CNC machining. However, some of the older operations generate toxic emissions such as formaldehyde, dispose of chlorinated solvents, and must burn off wax or other polymers, leading to greenhouse gas emissions.

There is a broad range of materials available when utilizing the MIM process. Traditional metalworking processes often involve a significant amount of material waste, which makes MIM a highly efficient option for the fabrication of complex components consisting of expensive/special alloys (cobalt-chrome, 17-4 PH stainless steel, titanium alloys and tungsten carbides). MIM is a viable option when extremely thin walls specifications (i.e., 100 micrometers) are required. Additionally, electromagnetic interference shielding requirements have presented unique challenges, which are being successfully attained through the utilization of specialty alloys (ASTM A753 Type 4).

Advantages

 * Allows the freedom to manufacture complicated shapes that would be considered cost prohibitive by other methods.
 * Provides for the manufacture of micro-sized parts in high volumes.
 * Achieves net shape features such as internal and external threads, profiled holes and finely detailed surface textures, knurling, engravings and markings.

Disadvantages
Although MIM has many advantages, it also has disadvantages:
 * Higher initial cost: High initial investment is required due to tool manufacturing costs.
 * Limitation of Size: MIM is very good for smaller parts but it is not suitable for the manufacture of parts of more than 20 cm.
 * Quantity: MIM is only suitable for high quantity runs.

title: Metal injection molding


text:
Eydon

Eydon is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, about 8 mi north-east of Banbury. The village is between 510 and 540 ft above sea level on the east side of a hill, which rises to 580 ft and is the highest point in the parish. The parish is bounded to the west by the River Cherwell, to the south by a stream that is one of its tributaries, and to the east and north by field boundaries.

The villages name means 'Aega's hill'.

The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 422.

Manor
In the 11th and 12th centuries the manor of Eydon was assessed at two hides. The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded that one Hugh held "Egedone" of Hugh de Grandmesnil. In the 12th century Richard Fitz Wale held "Aydona" of the fee of Leicester.

Eydon Hall
Eydon Hall is a stately home that was built in 1789–91. It is a Grade I listed building.

Parish church
The oldest part of the Church of England parish church of Saint Nicholas is the Norman baptismal font. A north aisle of two bays was added to the nave early in the 13th century. The west tower was added early in the 14th century. The north windows and (now blocked) doorway of the north aisle and the south windows of the chancel are 14th century Decorated Gothic. The west window of the north aisle is late medieval, being late Perpendicular Gothic.

In 1864–5 the church was restored under the direction of the Gothic Revival architect R.C. Hussey. Hussey added a south aisle, extended the north aisle eastwards to four bays, added a northeast vestry, and moved to the vestry a recumbent effigy of a lady that dates from about 1340. The church's other notable monument is a wall-mounted tablet in grey and white marble to Rev. Francis Annesley, who died in 1811. It was carved by John Bacon the younger and it is now in the south aisle. In the windows of the north aisle are some stained glass heraldic shields made in about 1830.

The west tower has a ring of six bells. One of the Newcombe family of bellfounders of Leicester cast the fifth bell in 1603. Matthew III Bagley of Chacombe cast the second bell in 1770. John Briant of Hertford cast the third bell in 1822. John Taylor & Co of Loughborough cast the tenor bell in 1872 and the treble and fourth bells in 1981.

St Nicholas' is a Grade II* listed building. The parish is part of the Benefice of Aston le Walls, Byfield, Boddington, Eydon and Woodford Halse.

Economic history
The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded that Eydon had "a mill". In medieval usage this usually meant a watermill.

The village has an unusual layout of two streets in parallel (High Street and Lime Avenue). Lime Avenue now has gaps and fields between some houses on its west side, but earthworks suggest that in earlier centuries cottages were continuous on both sides.

Traces of traditional ridge and furrow ploughing survive in much of the parish, many in the S-shaped pattern characteristic of ox-drawn ploughs. They are evidence of the open field system of farming that prevailed in the parish until 1760, when Parliament passed the Inclosure Act for Eydon.

Northwest of the village, west of Woodford Road and Manitoba Way, are 20 acre of shallow hollows and mounds. They are the remains of small pits and spoil heaps created by the quarrying of Northampton Sand, an iron-rich sandstone, probably in the Middle Ages.

In 1872 the Northampton and Banbury Junction Railway (from 1910 part of the Stratford-upon-Avon and Midland Junction Railway (SMJR)) was opened between Blisworth and Farthinghoe. It passed through the east of Eydon parish about 3/5 mi northeast of the village. Its nearest stations were at Morton Pinkney and Byfield, each of which was about 2+1/4 mi away.

In the 1899 the Great Central Main Line to London Marylebone was built through the same part of Eydon parish, passing about 700 yd northeast of the village. Its nearest station was at Woodford and Hinton (later renamed Woodford Halse), about 1+1/2 mi north of Eydon. British Railways closed the SMJR line in 1951, Woodford Halse station in 1963 and the GC main line in 1966.

Amenities
Eydon has a 17th-century public house, the Royal Oak.

title: Eydon


text:
Buckden, Cambridgeshire

Buckden is a village and civil parish 3.7 miles north of St Neots and 4 mile south-west of Huntingdon, England. It includes the hamlets of Stirtloe and Hardwick. It lies in Huntingdonshire, a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and a historic county, close to three transport routes of past and present: the River Great Ouse, along its eastern boundary, the Great North Road that once crossed the village, but now bypasses it to the west, and the East Coast Mainline along the eastern side of the Great Ouse valley in the neighbouring parish of The Offords.

Features
In the centre of the village is Buckden Towers, once Buckden Palace, a residence of the bishops of Lincoln from the 12th to early 19th centuries. Several kings of England stayed there and Catherine of Aragon was held there in 1533 before being moved to Kimbolton Castle in 1534.

Buckden prospered in the 18th and early 19th centuries from being just over 50 mile north of London on the Great North Road, which was a busy coaching road at the time. The development of the railways in the mid-19th century led to a decline in the population, but it more than doubled in the second half of the 20th century.

Toponymy
Recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Bugedene, Buckden has also been referred to as Buggeden (12–13th centuries), Bokeden (13th–14th centuries), Bukeden (13th–14th centuries), and Bugden (15th–18th centuries), with the present spelling taking over in the 18th century. The name originates from Old English; "Bucge" is a personal name and "dene" an Old English word for valley. The name is still pronounced Bugden locally.

Roman
Evidence of Roman settlement was found in 1963–1964 at a quarry site to the east of the village. In 1981, signs of a Roman villa appeared close to the Towers. Excavations in 2006 to the north-east of the village revealed evidence of a Romano-British field system of the 1st–4th centuries CE.

Middle Ages
In 1961, excavations uncovered crucibles and crucible fragments that appear to have been used to manufacture white and yellow glass and to date from Anglo-Saxon times. The site of the find was 0.5 mi to the north-east of Buckden village, in an area of the Great Ouse valley about to be mined for sand and gravel.

"Bugedene" was listed in the Domesday Book in the Hundred of Toseland, Huntingdonshire. In 1086 there was a single manor at Buckden, whose annual rent of £20 paid to the lord of the manor in 1066 had fallen to £16.10s.

Domesday Book mentions 58 households at Buckden, suggesting a population of 200–300. It states there were 19 ploughlands there in 1086, with capacity for a further one. Apart from that, it had 84 acre of meadows, 3784 acre of woodland and a water mill. The total manor tax assessment was 20 guilders.

By 1086 the village had a church and priest. The land was then owned by the Bishop of Lincoln, who may already have had a house there. He certainly had one when the Bishop held court by the mid–12th century. In 1227 Henry III granted the Bishop the right to a deer park at Buckden; by the time of a survey in 1647 this covered 425 acres and contained some 200 deer. By the late 17th century the deer were gone and the land enclosed as fields. The deer park lay to the west of the parish.

Buckden later had two manors. The larger was Buckden and the Members, whose lords were the bishops of Lincoln except in brief periods of the 14th, 16th and 17th centuries. The smaller, Buckden Brittains, was the home of the Briton (or Le Briton) family in the 13th century, but later changed hands many times. By the early 19th century, about 1200 acre were owned by the manor of Buckden and the Members and about 225 acres by the manor of Buckden Brittains.

English kings who stayed at Buckden Palace were Henry III in 1248, Edward I in 1291 and Richard III in 1483. Henry VIII sent Catherine of Aragon to Buckden Palace after the annulment of their marriage (an issue known as the King's Great Matter), from July 1533 to May 1534. He and his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, stayed there in 1541. On Friday 18 June 1641, "hundreds of women and boys, armed with Daggers and Javelins, in a very tumultuous and riotous Manner" entered some land at Buckden owned by the Bishop of Lincoln and "turned in a great herd of cattle".

Georgian period
Buckden's site on the Great North Road made it a popular coaching stop in the 18th century. It had four coaching inns. The Lion dates from the 15th century and was enlarged in the 18th. The George Inn, with its courtyard and forge, was remodelled in the 18th century. The Vine dated from the first half of the 17th century and was rebuilt in the 18th to include stables and its own brewery. The Spread Eagle, originating in the 17th century, was altered in the 18th; it had stabling and paddocks. A schedule of 1839 shows six express coaches heading north every day, to Boston, Leeds, Lincoln and York, and as many heading south to London. The presence of elegant Georgian houses in Church Street and the High Street (the former Great North Road) reflects the prosperity brought by its strategic position on the coaching route.

Victorian and modern times
In 1854, just 15 years later, Buckden was called "a quiet insignificant place compared to what it was in coaching times", with the advent of the railways. The population, having steadily risen from 869 in 1801 to a peak of 1,291 in 1841, fell to 995 by 1911.

The open fields in Buckden were enclosed by Act of Parliament in 1813. In 1842 a girls' school was opened (a boys' school having existed for over a century) and a new school building built in 1871. A post mill erected in 1830 worked until 1888, when an auxiliary steam engine was installed. The mill was demolished in 1893. Domesday mentions a water mill on the Great Ouse; this was rebuilt about 1850 and converted to steam power in the 1890s. It ran until 1965, and from then until the 1980s was used for crop storage. By 2015, it had been turned into housing.

In the second half of the 20th century, new housing estates in Buckden led to a marked increase in the population.

Governance
Buckden as a civil parish had an elected parish council of 15 members in 2020. The second tier of governance is Huntingdonshire District Council, a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire. The parish council is based at the village hall on Burberry Road, which was built in 1999.

Buckden is represented on Huntingdonshire District Council by one councillor for the Buckden district ward, which covers the civil parishes of Buckden, Diddington and Southoe and Midloe, and on Cambridgeshire County Council by one councillor for the Buckden, Gransden and The Offords electoral division. It belongs to the parliamentary constituency of Huntingdon County, held since 2015 by Jonathan Djanogly (Conservative).

Buckden was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From then it was part of a new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. In 1974, after the Local Government Act 1972, it became a part of Cambridgeshire.

Buckden
The village of Buckden lies about 1.7 mile west of the River Great Ouse. Between the Great Ouse and Buckden there are a number of disused, flooded gravel quarries. The village lies on sloping ground on the western edge of the river valley. Just to the west is the A1 road, following the route of the Great North Road roughly north and south. Access from the A1 is via a roundabout at the southern edge of Buckden. The western half of the parish slopes gently with low hills.

Hamlets
The hamlet of Hardwick is joined to the north-west of Buckden village, but on the western side of the A1. There is a pedestrian subway under the A1 to connect it.

The hamlet of Stirtloe lies to the south of Buckden, separated from the village by 220 yards of fields.

Geology
The village and parish lie on a bedrock of Oxford Clay Formation mudstone of blue-grey or olive-coloured clay formed some 156–165 million years ago in the Jurassic Period. The central area has river terrace deposits of sand and gravel from the Quaternary period, formed up to 3 million years ago by rivers. On the eastern side there are superficial deposits of alluvium (clay, silt, sand and gravel) from up to 2 million years ago in the Quaternary period. The land to the west of the parish is marked by Oadby Member Diamicton, again of the Quaternary period, with rocks formed under Ice Age conditions by glaciers scouring the land in the last 2 million years.

On the western side of the parish, the soil is classed as lime-rich loam and clay with impeded drainage. The central part, where the village lies, has freely draining, slightly acid loamy soil. On the eastern side, the soil is similar, but base-rich and loamy. The farmland in the parish is mainly arable, but with grassland notable in the Great Ouse valley. It lies between 39 feet and 180 feet above ordnance datum and covers an area of 3114 acres.

Location
The southern boundary of the parish follows the line of Diddington Brook and the eastern boundary follows the River Great Ouse.

Climate
The UK climate, defined like most of north-west Europe as temperate and oceanic, or Cfb under the Köppen climate classification system, makes Eastern areas such as East Anglia drier, cooler and less windy, with greater daily and seasonal temperature variations. Cambridgeshire has cool onshore coastal breezes further to the east, keeping it warm in summer and cold and frosty in winter.

The nearest Met Office station to Buckden is at Monks Wood near Alconbury, 9 mi north of Buckden. Average annual rainfall for the UK in 1981–2010 was 1154 mm, but Cambridgeshire is one of the driest counties with about half that amount. Regional weather forecasting and historical summaries are available from the UK Met Office. Additional local weather stations report periodic figures to the internet such as Weather Underground, Inc.

Demography
The usual resident population of Buckden parish in the 2011 census was 2,805 – 48.1 per cent male and 51.9 per cent female. The population density was 576.6 per square mile (223 per km2). Of the 1,260 households, 28.0 per cent had one member and 68.4 per cent one family group, while 3.6 per cent were of other types. The census showed 27.7 per cent of households with one or more dependent children under the age of 18, and 30.6 per cent consisting of people all over the age of 65. The mean average number of persons per household was 2.4.

Of the usually resident population in 2011, 20.4 per cent were under the age of 18, 55.4 per cent between 18 and 65, and 24.2 per cent over the age of 65. The mean average age of residents was 44.1 years and the median age 47 years.

In 2011, 70.2 per cent of Buckden residents were between the ages of 16 and 74 and found potentially economically active. Of these, 67.9 per cent held part-time, full-time or self-employed work, 30.0 per cent were economically inactive (retired, carers, long-term sick and disabled) and 2.0 per cent unemployed. The five main work sectors appear below:

In 2009, median household income across Cambridgeshire of £32,500 was exceeded by Buckden's £36,900.

The Office for National Statistics has placed the village of Buckden in the Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) called "Huntingdonshire 017C". This was ranked 23,371 out of 32,844 LSOAs in England against the index of multiple deprivation in 2015. It puts Buckden among the 30 per cent least deprived neighbourhoods in England. Much of the civil parish (but excluding the village itself) is in the Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) called "Huntingdonshire 017B", which in 2015, was ranked 29,569 out of 32,844 LSOAs in England against the index of multiple deprivation. This puts the rural part of the parish among the 10 per cent least deprived neighbourhoods in England.

Buckden is ethnically homogenous. The 2011 census showed 93 per cent of residents born in the UK, 3 per cent in other EU countries and 4 per cent elsewhere in the world. Racially, 98.3 per cent of Buckden people called themselves ethnic white, 0.8 per cent cited mixed or multiple ethnic groups, and 0.6 per cent Asian or British Asian, with the rest in other groups. In the same census, 69.3 per cent called themselves as Christian, 23.2 per cent said they had no religious beliefs, 6.3 per cent did not specify a religion, and 1.1 per cent adhered to another religion (Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh or other).

Historical population
The population of the parish of Buckden as recorded in the UK censuses between 1801 and 1901 ranged between 869 and 1,209. The population of Buckden almost doubled in the 1960s.

Census: Buckden 1801–1971 Census Population: Buckden 1951, 1971, 1991 Census Population: Buckden 2001–2011

The population of Buckden district ward of, which includes the parishes of Diddington and of Southloe and Midloe, was 3,293 in the 2011 UK census.

Culture and community
In 1871, Buckden had 13 inns and public houses, but by 2015 only three remained: The George, The Vine and The Lion Hotel. The Spread Eagle, which closed in 2003, is now a private house. All four former coaching inns are Grade II listed buildings. Buckden has some shops, including supermarkets, a post office, a pharmacy and clothiers, and over 100 private businesses based there.

Buckden Marina, built in 1963, is next to the Great Ouse; originally with some 150 berths but now 240, over an area of 22 acre. In 2001, Lafarge Aggregates and Buckden Marina Co. was joint winner of the Cooper–Heyman Cup, awarded by the Quarry Products Association, for restoring a 70 acre quarry as a water-recreation complex and wildlife area.

The first issue the monthly community magazine Buckden Roundabout appeared in September 1979. A charitable trust set up in 1958 manages the village hall and the adjacent recreation ground of some 12 acres, with four tennis courts, a children's play area, cricket and football pitches and a bowls green. There are clubs for cricket, association football club, and bowls club (founded in 1929). The village hall was expanded in the early 21st century as Buckden Millennium Village Hall. It includes a library.

Transport
Buckden, which lies on the old Great North Road, was bypassed by the A1 in 1962. A roundabout connects with the bypass and B661 (Perry Road for nearby Grafham Water), giving access to a filling station. Accessible through the village are The Offords via the B1043. Brampton is reached by a grade-separated junction on the A1 just north of the village. A planned improvement scheme for the A14 may divert it north of the village to run parallel with the A1. Part of the scheme, development of a new southern bypass for Huntingdon, would mean constructing a new east-west section of road between Buckden village and Brampton and a new bridge over the Great Ouse. Subject to final governmental approval, it was to have been completed in 2020.

Buckden lent its name to two railway stations, both outside the parish. To the north, a line from Kettering to Huntingdon was built in 1866 and a station called Buckden opened. Services ran between Kettering and Cambridge from 1882 until 1959, after which the line was dismantled. Another station, in the neighbouring village of Offord Cluny on the Great Northern Main Line, was called Offord and Buckden. It opened in 1851 and was extended in 1898, but closed by 1959. Today's nearest station is 3.5 mile away at Huntingdon, where regular services run south to London and north to Peterborough and beyond.

On weekdays and Saturdays there is an hourly bus service between Huntingdon and St Neots that stops in Buckden.

The Ouse Valley Way is a 150 mi footpath that follows the River Great Ouse from its source near Syresham in Northamptonshire to its mouth in The Wash near King's Lynn.

Landmarks
Buckden Towers (or Buckden Palace) was a former residence of the Bishop of Lincoln, whose medieval diocese reached almost to London. A house was built by the mid-12th century, where the Bishop held court, but it burnt down in 1291 and was rebuilt. Further rebuilding and extension took place in the 15th century, including a new red-brick tower of a similar design to Tattershall Castle, Lincolnshire, although that of Buckden has only four storeys. Buckden Palace accommodated Catherine of Aragon for a short time before she was moved to Kimbolton Castle. The palace was neglected in the earlier 17th century. A survey in 1647 included a Great Chamber, chapel, brick tower and gatehouse, all enclosed by a moat. The grounds had at least four fishponds and the park about 200 deer.

Huntingdonshire, with Buckden Palace, was transferred from the Diocese of Lincoln to that of Ely in 1837. Several parts were demolished in the 19th century and many that remained were used by the local vicar and a school. In 1848 the palace was described as a "venerable structure". It passed into private ownership in 1870 and was renamed Buckden Towers. The Victorian house currently on the site dates from 1872.

Between 1914 and 1919 Buckden Towers was used as a Red Cross hospital and in the Second World War as a home for evacuees from the London blitz. After the war Buckden Towers was passed to the Roman Catholic church and in 1956 to Claretian missionaries, who carried out restoration and built a Catholic church for the village.

The site of the original palace is designated an ancient monument and Victorian Buckden Towers as a Grade II listed building; the Inner Gatehouse, Curtain Wall and Towers of the earlier Buckden Palace are all Grade I listed buildings. Apart from these and the former coaching inns, the parish has more than 60 other listed buildings, mainly round Buckden Towers. Much of the centre round Buckden Towers, along the High Street and Church Street, has been designated a Conservation Area by Huntingdonshire District Council.

To the east, in the Great Ouse valley, are several small lakes where gravel pits used to be. The enclosure map of 1813 shows the position of one and another appears on an Ordnance Survey map of 1926. Not until the 1960s did large-scale gravel and sand extraction take place, needed for two major local construction projects: the dual carriageway of the A1 and the dam at Graham Water. In 1986 the pits covered 400 acre. Buckden Marina was built in a small disused gravel pit close to the Great Ouse.

Education
In 1661 a parish charity school was founded in Buckden for boys. It still existed when in 1842 a National School for girls was founded in part of the Bishop's Palace. A new school building opened in 1871 to house the girls' school. The two schools merged in 1941. A new infant school opened in 1966; much was rebuilt after a fire in 1978. A primary school was built in 1972. Buckden Church of England Primary School became an Academy in 2010 and operates independently of the local authority; 248 students were on the roll in 2014–2015. The Ofsted report on an inspection in 2015 rated the overall effectiveness of the school as outstanding. Buckden is in the secondary education catchment area of Hinchingbrooke School.

Places of worship
The Anglican church dedicated to St Mary the Virgin is a grade I listed building consisting of a chancel with organ chamber and vestry, a nave, a west tower, north and south aisles and a porch. It was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086, but nothing of that date remains. The church contains some 13th-century features, but it was much enlarged and rebuilt in the 15th. The buttresses to the north were added in the 17th century. Restoration ensued in 1840, 1860 and 1884. The west tower has an embattled parapet topped by an octagonal spire that Lewis described as "elegant". There were five bells in the tower until 1997, when the bell frame and old bells were renewed and an extra bell installed. An extension, the Living Stones Room opened in 2011, includes a meeting room, kitchen and toilets. In 2006 Buckden and the Offords became a single benefice within the deanery of St Neots in the diocese of Ely.

A small Methodist chapel was built about 1838; a larger chapel built in 1876 remains in use. The Catholic church built by the Claretians was dedicated to St Hugh of Lincoln in 1959. It is in the Diocese of East Anglia. A nonconformist chapel existed between about 1840 and 1862. After renovation, it re-opened in 1905 as a joint Baptist and Congregational chapel. it remained in use for worship until 1984, when it was converted first for commercial use and in 2006 as a private residence.

Notable people

 * Hugh of Lincoln (c. 1135–1200), Bishop of Lincoln, builder of first wooden palace at Buckden
 * Robert Grosseteste (c. 1175–1253), scholastic philosopher, statesman and Bishop of Lincoln, died at Buckden.
 * Catherine of Aragon (1485–1536), divorced queen of Henry VIII, was confined at Buckden Towers in July 1533 – May 1534.
 * Thomas Barlow (1608/9–1691), religious writer and Bishop of Lincoln, died at Buckden.
 * Thomas Pepys (1634–1664), a tailor and younger brother of Samuel Pepys, sold a house in Stirtloe, part of Buckden, in 1661/62.
 * Richard Reynolds (1674–1743), bishop of Lincoln active against the Walpole ministry in the House of Lords, was buried in Buckden church.
 * Edward Mann Langley (1851–1933), mathematician, was born in Buckden.
 * John Leslie Green (1888–1916), born in Buckden, was awarded the Victoria Cross, for valour ending with his own death at the Battle of the Somme on 1 July 1916.
 * Lionel Powys-Maurice (1899–1991), a county cricketer with Northants, died in Buckden.
 * Chris Morris (born 1962 in Buckden), is a comedian and director known for black humour.

Public services
Anglian Water supplies the village water and sewage services from its Huntingdon South Public Water Supply zone (FW41). The water quality was rated excellent in 2015. In the same report, the hardness was reported as 301 mg/L of calcium carbonate, placing it in the very hard range. The nearest reservoir, Grafham Water, is 1.5 mi west of the village.

The distribution network operator for electricity is UK Power Networks. There are three gas-fuelled power stations nearby: at Peterborough, Corby and at Little Barford near St Neots. The nearest, Little Barford Power Station, is 6 mi from Buckden; it uses combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT) and can generate 740 MW of electricity. There are two renewable-energy generation sites nearby. The landfill site at Station Farm on the Buckden Road uses landfill waste gas to generate a maximum of 1.9 MW of electricity. 3 mi away at Cotton Farm near Graveley, onshore wind turbines generate a maximum of 20 MW of electricity.

Huntingdonshire District Council is part of the Recycling in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough (RECAP) Partnership, which was granted Beacon status for waste and recycling in 2006–2007. In 2014–2015 the council was just short of a target of recycling or composting 55 per cent of all local household waste.

National Health Services (NHS) for the village are administered by NHS East of England. The nearest hospital is Hinchingbrooke, which is 4 mi from Buckden and has a range of specialities, including Accident and Emergency. Further afield is Addenbrooke's Hospital 16 mi south-east and Papworth Hospital 4 mi south-east of the village. There is a GP surgery in the village.

The Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Fire Authority is responsible for providing fire and rescue services to a region that includes Buckden. Its headquarters are in Brampton; the nearest 24-hour fire station is in Huntingdon.

Cambridgeshire Constabulary provides law enforcement in the county. The nearest police station is in Huntingdon. In the 12 months from December 2014 to November 2015, 117 street crimes were reported within a 1 mi radius of Church Street, Buckden – an average of just under 10 per month. The most frequent crime was anti-social behaviour. A Neighbourhood Watch Scheme has operated since before 1998.

title: Buckden, Cambridgeshire


text:
Category:Dad's Army episodes

This category contains articles about episodes of Dad's Army.

title: Category:Dad's Army episodes


text:
Talk:Alphonse Pénaud

Untitled
He flew his model aircraft in Tulieries Gardens in Paris, France on August 18,1871.The model flew 181 ft.in 11 seconds.

picture
That is very nice to add a picture. I saw things like that at the Smithsonian air and space museum. One of my books has a drawing of his future fantasy airplane, but I don't know about the copy right. David R. Ingham 05:14, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 02:13, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alphonse Pénaud


text:
Talk:Life (Ricky Martin album)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Life (Ricky Martin album). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/artist/178059/ranking/cd_album/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 01:56, 1 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Life (Ricky Martin album). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160526024125/http://www.5music.com.tw/CDTop.asp?top=6 to http://www.5music.com.tw/CDTop.asp?top=6
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=&album=&LanDesde_MM=1&LanDesde_AA=1980&LanHasta_MM=12&LanHasta_AA=2010&Galardon=O&Tipo=1&ACCION2=%20Buscar%20&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:30, 15 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Life (Ricky Martin album). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070930184151/http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/music_review.asp?ID=674 to http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/music_review.asp?ID=674

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:38, 23 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Life (Ricky Martin album)


text:
West Leake

West Leake is a small conservation village and civil parish in the Rushcliffe district of Nottinghamshire.

Setting
The parish of West Leake is 1589 acre in total. The neighbouring parishes include Gotham, to the north; East Leake, to the east; Normanton on Soar and Sutton Bonington, to the south; and Kingston on Soar, to the west.

The Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan for West Leake, created by Rushcliffe Borough Council, describes the setting of the village as follows: "West Leake sits on the winding country road from East Leake to Sutton Bonington and has a very simple plan of one main street. It enjoys a unity of form and has a rural feel to it. The village is surrounded by agricultural land, with the village of Sutton Bonington further to the west and East Leake to the East. Further to the south is the A6006 which links the village to the main arterial routes the A60 and the A6.""West Leake stands on relatively flat ground, gently sloping down to the east of the village, at between 40 and 50 metres above sea level. The main rock type below the village is Branscombe Mudstone formation within the Mercia Mudstone Group, which gives the topsoil a clay nature."White's Directory of Nottinghamshire, written in 1853, describes West Leake as follows: "Leake (West) is a small village and parish, one mile west of East leake, and ten miles south south west of Nottingham. It has 190 inhabitants and 1,380 acres of land, all belonging to Lord Middleton, except the rectory house, with ten acres of glebe."John Throsby, writing during 1790 in his new edition of Robert Thoroton's Antiquities of Nottinghamshire, describes West Leake as: "THE Lordship of the former contains 2000 acres of land, old inclosure. The principal proprietors are Lord Middleton, and — Bird, Esq. The former I believe is lord of the manor. The village consists of about 34 dwellings, one of which is the remains of an old manor-house, a part of it only is inhabited by a villager. The last family, I am told, who lived in it, was that of Chadwick."

Local geography
The Victoria County History in Nottinghamshire describes West Leake's geography as follows: "The portion of West Leake along the Kingston brook is alluvium with sand and gravel. To the north east and west of the village are areas of gypsum, with clay and limestone in the eastern part. The village lies about 150 feet above sea level. The land rises to over 300 ft to the north-east and 200 ft to the west at Moulter Hill. In the north the West Leake Hills are 200 to 300 ft. To the east Fox Hill reaches 290 ft. The Kingston brook flows from east to west through the parish, just south of the village. It is joined by other small streams from the north. It flows on to Kingston on Soar where it joins the river Soar. There is a large area of woodland, Crownend Wood and Leake New Wood, to the north of West Leake. In the north-east there are smaller areas of woodland at Oak Wood, Ash Spinney, Crow Wood, Fir Dale Plantation and Foxhill Wood. On the west side near Moulter Hill is Scotland Plantation."

Population
The 2011 census records the population of West Leake as 143, this fell to 129 at the 2021 census.

The table below displays the historic number of households, families and people living in West Leake:

Toponymy
The origin of Leake appears to be Laeke (Old Norse – brook or stream), and is consistent with West Leake's position near Kingston Brook.

Domesday book
One of the earliest mentions of West Leake is in the Domesday book recorded as 'Leche'. The Domesday Book listing is divided into four holdings which encompass what are today East and West Leake. The first property is listed to Henry de Ferrers by the King as Tenant in Chief, and Lord. Ferrers portion was inventoried with 16 villagers. 16 freemen. 1 priest. It included land for 6 ploughlands; 4 lord's plough teams and 17 men's plough teams. Other resources listed include; 50 acres in meadow, Woodland 2 * 1 furlongs. 1 mill, 1 church. The holding was valued at £7 to the lord in 1086.

The second listing is for Tenant-in-chief Roger of Bully (Busli) with his lord Arnold (de Bully), valued to the lord in 1086 £0.5. The holding was inventoried to include 2 villagers, land for 0.5 ploughlands, 2 lord's plough teams. 0.5 men's plough teams, and included 8 acres of meadow.

Third is a listing for Count Robert of Mortain, Tenant-in-chief and Lord in 1086. The holding has taxable value of 0.3 geld units, but no other details are shown. The last listing has taxable value 0.1 geld units, and includes 2 freemen, land for 0.5 ploughlands, 1 men's plough team. Robert son of William is listed as Tenant in Chief and Lord in 1086.

Agriculture
In 1752 West Leake was home to 12 farm holdings, the largest of which was 300 acres. By 1870 there were 14 farm holdings, with eight of these farms consisting of less than 50 acres. In both 1900 and 1925 the number of farm holdings was listed as 11. By 1960 the number of holdings had increased to 13. Since 2010 only Manor Farm, which was built between 1870 and 1882, remains.

Other industries
From around the mid 18th century until the early 20th century basket making took place in the village. Many of the baskets were sold in London, with some being sold to Parliament. The village, in the late 19th century, had a "blacksmith, butcher, joiner and stone mason". The village has also historically had two post offices; the first opened in 1891, but later closed. The second post office was opened in 1896, but closed in 1977.

Background
The Victoria County History in Nottinghamshire describes West Leake's religious background as follows: "There was a priest and a church at Leake in 1086. At that time there was no distinction between West or Little Leake and East or Great Leake. By c.1200 there were two churches. The one at West Leake was dedicated to St Helena and the one at East Leake to St Leonard. The latter was later changed to St Mary.""During the 14th century West Leake, a closed village, became less important while East Leake, an open village, grew. However, the two churches belonged to the same benefice and were not divided until 1876. Henry Balfour Hamilton became the first rector of West Leake in 1882 after the death of the previous incumbent. ...""When the benefice was separated into two in 1876, Lord Belper purchased the advowson of West Leake. In 1933 West Leake was united with Kingston on Soar and Ratcliffe on Soar. For some time the rector of Gotham was also priest-in-charge of the combined benefice. In 1992 West Leake became part of the East Leake benefice, which consists of East Leake, West Leake, Stanford on Soar, Costock and Rempstone. The patronage of the united benefice, at the time of writing, is held jointly by the bishop, the Southwell & Nottingham Diocesan Board of Patronage, Lord Belper and Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge."

Other church denominations
The Victoria County History in Nottinghamshire describes West Leake's other church denominations as follows: "In 1603 no nonconformists were reported to be in West or East Leake, but in 1676 there was one Dissenter in West Leake. Between 1689 and 1698 Samuel Wilkinson’s house was licensed for occasional nonconformist meetings at Leake where John Whitlock, Richard Bateson and John Hardy were preachers. The number of hearers was claimed to be 113, with four gentlemen and most of the rest yeomen and farmers. In 1851 it was reported that a group of 19 General Baptists met for evening worship in a house and a group of 55 Wesleyan Methodists met for evening worship, also in a house. There has never been a purpose-built nonconformist meeting house in West Leake although many of the surrounding parishes had both Baptist and Methodist chapels. ...""In 1603 no Catholics were reported in West or East Leake. In 1693 the churchwardens presented Mr John Wyld for being a recusant. He was presented again in 1694 when he was described as schoolmaster. There has never been a [post-reformation] Roman Catholic place of worship in West Leake: the nearest church is at East Leake."

St. Helena's Church (Grade II*)
The parish church is St. Helena's Church, West Leake. The church was designated Grade II* on 13 October 1966.

A church has been located on the site of St. Helena's since Saxon times. The oldest part of the present church is the Norman north wall which dates back to the 12th century. The nave is noted for being unusually long. The chancel was enlarged and the south aisle built, to create a chapel, in the 14th century. The church does not have a tower but does have a 19th century gabled west bellcote which houses two bells. The gabled south porch dates back to the 19th century. The church was extensively restored and the organ chamber rebuilt in 1878.

The church has a two manual pipe organ by J.M. Grunwell of Derby, dating from 1878.

White's Directory of Nottinghamshire, written in 1853, describes St. Helena's Church as follows: "The church is a low, ancient edifice, dedicated to St Helen, with chancel, side aisle, and ivy mantled belfry, in which are two bells. The rectory is a pleasant mansion, occupied by the Rev. John Bateman, and stands at the west end of the church. In 1850 a school was erected for the use of the parish. The feast is held on the Sunday after Martinmas."John Throsby, writing during 1790 in his new edition of Robert Thoroton's Antiquities of Nottinghamshire, describes St. Helena's Church as: "The Church, which is dedicated to St. Helen, has a nave, side aisles, two bells, and is a low structure. In the chancel wall is a mutilated figure of a Lady, in stone.—Here is a monument to the memory of Thomas Mansfield, Esq. once lord of the manor; he died in 1741–2. Evelyn, (it says) his nephew, had gratitude for his memory, and erected it. Edward Bigland, Rector, died in 1650.—Thomas Mansfield, Esq. died in 1741. Another Thomas Mansfield, Esq, has a monument to his memory, who died in 1706.— George Chadwick, Esq. died in 1722.—Robert Hemington, M. A. died in 1774, aged 64: He was son of Lieut. Col. Hemington, of the first Regiment of Foot Guards.— In a nich of the north wall, near the pulpit, lies an old figure in stone, well preserved; and near the door is one seemingly much older. The monument for Richard Mansfield, mentioned by Thoroton, remains. The arms are over the monument (see Willoughby.) In this church is a light little font; but there stands, near it, some offensive lumber. The earliest Register begins in 1616. Bap. the five first years 18, buried 20.—The last five years bap. 21, buried 14. Increased bap. 3, decreased burials 6."

Other listed buildings
In addition to St. Helena's Church there are four other listed structures in West Leake, all Grade II listed: 55, Main Street; Lychgate at Entrance to Churchyard of Church of St Helena; Sundial in Churchyard of Church of St Helena, Single Metre South of the Chancel; and The Old Rectory.

The lych gate at the entrance to the churchyard of St. Helena's church dates back to 1919 and serves as a World War I memorial; it is a timber construction with a roof of Swithland slate.

The Old Rectory is dated 1723; the emblem of the Stanhope family is thought to be visible on the west wall. White's Directory of Nottinghamshire, written in 1853, describes the rectory as "a pleasant mansion". When, in 1933, West Leake was united with Kingston on Soar and Ratcliffe on Soar, the rectory was sold into private ownership.

Former school (current village hall)
A school was built in 1850 by the owner of the village Lord Belper, of the neighbouring parish Kingston on Soar. It was noted by local writers that until the Elementary Education Act of 1880 absenteeism was great as children stayed away to labour with their parents. Local writers state that Lady Belper, concerned with the poor living standards of children in the village, provided bread and cheese in the school.

The school still operated in 1895, but by 1904 children in the village attended schools outside the village. In 1966 the school was donated to the village, by Lord Belper, for use as a village hall.

Former post offices
The village has historically had two post offices. The first post office, located at the junction of Main Street and Dark Lane, was opened in 1891, but soon closed. A second post office, located next to the school in a thatched building, was opened in 1896, but later closed in 1977.

The Star Inn
There is a public house called The Star which is situated just outside the village, on the other side of the Kingston Brook on Melton Lane (and therefore in the parish of Sutton Bonington). The Victoria County History for Sutton Bonington states that "[i]t was also known as Pit House because it was used by miners from the gypsum ‘pits’."

Dew pond
A dew pond is situated on the hill above the village towards West Leake hills.

Parliamentary elections
The Member of Parliament for the parliamentary constituency of Rushcliffe is Kenneth Clarke, of the Conservative party, who has held the seat since 1970. Ken Clarke stood for reelection at the 2017 General Election and was reelected with a reduced majority of 8,010. The voter turnout for Rushcliffe was 78%, which was the ninth highest in the country.

County council
For Nottinghamshire County Council elections the parish comes within the Leake & Ruddington electoral ward, which has two council seats. The most recent election was in May 2017, when Andy Brown and Reg Adair, both of the Conservative party, won the two available seats.

Borough council
For the election of a councillor to Rushcliffe Borough Council, the parish forms part of the Leake ward, which has three council seats. The most recent election was on 7 May 2015 when Ronald Hetherington, Margaret Males and John Thurman, all of the Conservative party, won the three available seats. The next Borough election will be on 2 May 2019.

Parish meeting
West Leake does not have a parish council, but instead has a parish meeting. Meetings take place "Annually in May".

Amenities
The Village Hall is located on Main Street and serves as a social amenity. The building is managed by a charity called West Leake Village Hall.

There is 6:00pm Book of Common Prayer Evensong service at St. Helena's Church every second and fourth Sunday of the month; there is also a 6:00pm service of Holy Communion on the third Sunday.

The nearest pub is The Star, known locally as The Pit House, which is just located in the neighbouring civil parish of Sutton Bonington.

West Leake has one postbox, located on Main Street.

title: West Leake


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Utpal

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

Utpal
Common Indian first name, but the article is poor and I don't believe that we try to catalogue information about name. I'm only a weak delete on this one. — brighterorange  (talk) 14:45, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Precedent is not to include traditional/folkloric meanings of common given names as individual articles. MCB 17:48, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete – heard of the name, but not notable IMO. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  18:38, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Utpal


text:
Buckworth

Buckworth is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. Buckworth lies approximately 7 mi northwest of Huntingdon and covers an area of 2,023 acres. It is also a part of the hundred called Leightonstone. Buckworth is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England.

The village is located on the slope of a hill, in the middle of farmlands and facing northeast. The road crossing Buckworth (Church Road) joins Alconbury and Barham and is the main street of the village.

Middle Ages
According to the Dictionary of British place-names, the name of the parish comes from the "enclosure of a man called Bucc, or where bucks are kept".

In 1085, William the Conqueror ordered that a survey should be carried out across his kingdom to discover who owned which parts and what it was worth. The survey took place in 1086 and the results were recorded in what, since the 12th century, has become known as the Domesday Book. Starting with the king himself, for each landholder within a county there is a list of their estates or manors; and, for each manor, there is a summary of the resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value.

Buckworth was listed in the Domesday Book in the Hundred of Leightonstone in Huntingdonshire; the name of the settlement was written as Buchesworde in the Domesday Book. In 1086 there was just one manor at Buckworth; the annual rent paid to the lord of the manor in 1066 had been £10 and the rent had increased to £13 in 1086.

The Domesday Book does not explicitly detail the population of a place but it records that there was 25 households at Buckworth. There is no consensus about the average size of a household at that time; estimates range from 3.5 to 5.0 people per household. Using these figures then an estimate of the population of Buckworth in 1086 is that it was within the range of 87 and 125 people.

The Domesday Book uses a number of units of measure for areas of land that are now unfamiliar terms, such as hides and ploughlands. In different parts of the country, these were terms for the area of land that a team of eight oxen could plough in a single season and are equivalent to 120 acre; this was the amount of land that was considered to be sufficient to support a single family. By 1086, the hide had become a unit of tax assessment rather than an actual land area; a hide was the amount of land that could be assessed as £1 for tax purposes. The survey records that there was 18 ploughlands at Buckworth in 1086. In addition to the arable land, there was 80 acre of meadows and 30 acre of woodland at Buckworth.

The tax assessment in the Domesday Book was known as geld or danegeld and was a type of land-tax based on the hide or ploughland. It was originally a way of collecting a tribute to pay off the Danes when they attacked England, and was only levied when necessary. Following the Norman Conquest, the geld was used to raise money for the King and to pay for continental wars; by 1130, the geld was being collected annually. Having determined the value of a manor's land and other assets, a tax of so many shillings and pence per pound of value would be levied on the land holder. While this was typically two shillings in the pound the amount did vary; for example, in 1084 it was as high as six shillings in the pound. For the manor at Buckworth the total tax assessed was 10 geld.

By 1086, there was already a church and a priest at Buckworth. In 1066, the Lord was Earl Tosti and in 1086 Robert Count of Eu. The Head of the Manor is mentioned to be Great Paxton I. Concerning agriculture, Buckworth used to be on the route from the north of England to bring animals to the London markets. It was a busy thoroughfare.

The 19th Century
From 1 July 1837, Buckworth was a part of the Huntingdon Registration district. Thereafter, it was integrated to the Spaldwick sub-District. However, it is now back in the Huntingdon District. Buckworth was a part of the Poor Laws in the Huntingdon Union.

In the 1870s, Buckworth was described as:" BUCKWORTH, a parish in the district and county of Huntingdon; 5¼ miles W of the Great Northern railway, and 7 NW of Huntingdon. Post Town, Alconbury, under Huntingdon. Pop., 201. Houses, 39."

The first Census available for Buckworth is dated at 1801 and at this time the village was composed of 130 inhabitants only. The population had grown consistently until 1880. In the 1881 Census of population, the number of people living in Buckworth was 223, which was the highest so far. Until 1950 the population decreased more or less constantly and the population's growth began again at the beginning of the 1950s up to now.

As reported in the 1831 and 1881 Occupational Orders, the main source of employment for men was agriculture. In 1881, female workers were employed in domestic service, in offices or without specified occupations for the most part. The other principal categories of employment were professionals, animals, dress, mineral substances, and house, furniture and decorations.

First and second World Wars
According to a war memorial in All Saints Church, two men died in the First World War, one in Vinny Ridge and the second in Agnez. However, no deaths were registered during the Second World War as nobody from the village was engaged in military defence. During the night of 16 April 1942, five land mines from the British aircraft were jettisoned near Brook Lodge Farm. They all exploded but no damages or injuries occurred. The Second World War changed the way of farming in the village. As Great-Britain became dependent on home-grown food, the non-productive land had to finally be used.

Present Day
According to the Neighbourhood Statistics, employment in the parish is no longer only composed of agricultural activities. The number of farmers has decreased massively because of technology. The main sources of employment now include manufacturing, wholesale trade, the retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, real estate, renting and business activities, public administration and defense. Furthermore, a few people are working in the following categories: construction, hotels and catering, financial intermediation, education, health and social work and other.

Buckworth had a population of 181 according to the 2011 census. The parish is now part of the Ellington district ward and the Sawtry county ward. As reported by the Office for National Statistics, the village is "surrounded by inhabited countryside". Housing types are a mix of detached and semi-detached which are for the most part owner-occupied or private rented. The average asking price for any kind of property in the area is £270,412. However, detached houses are the most popular type of property sold in the area and are worth an average of £340,137. The area is really safe with only one incident of antisocial behavior recorded in 2011.

Government
As a civil parish, Buckworth has a parish council. The parish council is elected by the residents of the parish who have registered on the electoral roll; the parish council is the lowest tier of government in England. A parish council is responsible for providing and maintaining a variety of local services including allotments and a cemetery; grass cutting and tree planting within public open spaces such as a village green or playing fields. The parish council reviews all planning applications that might affect the parish and makes recommendations to Huntingdonshire District Council, which is the local planning authority for the parish. The parish council also represents the views of the parish on issues such as local transport, policing and the environment. The parish council raises its own tax to pay for these services, known as the parish precept, which is collected as part of the Council Tax.

Buckworth was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, the village was part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Then in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, Buckworth became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire.

The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and has its headquarters in Huntingdon. Huntingdonshire District Council has 52 councillors representing 29 district wards. Huntingdonshire District Council collects the council tax, and provides services such as building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism. Buckworth is a part of the district ward of Ellington and is represented on the district council by one councillor. District councillors serve for four year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council.

For Buckworth the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services. Cambridgeshire County Council consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions. Buckworth is a part of the electoral division of Sawtry and Ellington and is represented on the county council by one councillor. County councillors serve for four year terms following elections to Cambridgeshire County Council.

At Westminster, Buckworth is in the parliamentary constituency of North West Cambridgeshire and elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Buckworth is represented in the House of Commons by Shailesh Vara (Conservative). Shailesh Vara has represented the constituency since 2005. The previous member of parliament was Brian Mawhinney (Conservative) who represented the constituency between 1997 and 2005.

Places of interest

 * All Saints church, the main building and the landmark of the parish stands at its centre. It was listed on 28 January 1958 as a Grade II building.  It was first mentioned in the Domesday survey in 1086.  The building's oldest remains are dated from the 12th Century for the East angles of the nave. The construction materials are rubble with stone dressings for the walls and tiles and lead for the roof.  This edifice is now composed of a nave (built in the 12th Century), the South arcade and aisle (13th), the North arcade and aisle (14th), the West tower (14th), the South porch (15th) and the roof (15th). In 1862 and in 1884, the church was reconditioned. In 1925, the spire of the West tower was renovated. The church has recently been awarded £156,000 by the Heritage Lottery Fund. The reparation of the tower, the spire, the roof and the south porch should start in early 2014.  Behind the church, there is a small graveyard.
 * Buckworth Cricket Club, founded in 1958, is situated in Church Road. When the local pub closed, George Brown, a farmer from Buckworth, lent the building to open the cricket club. The last match the club played was in 1984. It is now known as the Clubhouse and can be hired for meetings of the Parish Council or different events. It is at the centre of the village and is used for many purposes, such as a polling station.
 * Buckworth School was built in 1870 and was composed of an infant school and a sunday school. It was closed in the late 1950s. It is now used as a private residence.
 * The Old Rectory was built in the 1670s. It was the home of vicars up to 1951 and was then sold by Church Commissioners.
 * Buckworth Manor, known as The Old Manor House, is a Victorian house, probably built in the 1860s.
 * The farms: Home Farm, Manor Farm, Holly Lodge Farm, Brickyard Farm and Park Farm are the five farms situated in the parish.
 * Buckworth Wood is located in the west of the parish and is surrounded by farmlands.

title: Buckworth


text:
Communist Party of Germany (1990)

The Communist Party of Germany (Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands, abbreviated as KPD) is a Marxist-Leninist communist party in Germany. It is one of several parties which claim the KPD name and/or legacy. It was founded in Berlin in 1990. The party is also commonly referred to by the name KPD-Ost (English: KPD-East) to differentiate it from other parties with the same name, most prominently the historical Communist Party of Germany.

History
The KPD, also known as KPD-Ost or KPD (Rote Fahne), was founded in 1990 in the GDR, after the Fall of the Berlin Wall but before the eventual German reunification by members of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) who opposed the reforms from the party's new leadership and wanted to stay loyal to Marxism-Leninism.

It competed unsuccessfully in the 1990 Volkskammer election, the only multi-party election held in the GDR.

The KPD was exempt from the West German ban on the KPD from 1956, due to a provision in the German reunification treaty which guarantees the continued legality of parties founded in the former GDR. However, this KPD-ban was already circumvented in 1968 with the foundation of a new West German communist party, the German Communist Party (DKP). The KPD and the DKP remain to exist as separate parties and occasionally cooperate politically.

Following Erich Honecker's expulsion from SED, KPD offered him and his wife Margot their party membership, which they gladly accepted.

Today the KPD remains a small party with its main strongholds being in the Neue Länder. It has competed in Bundestag, Landtag and local elections, but so far has only managed to gain one mandate in the city of Zeitz between 2004 and 2014. The party stood candidates in the 2019 state election in Thuringia and Saxony.

In 2002, the KPD founded its youth wing, the Young Communist League of Germany.

In 2020, KPD member Siegfried Kutschick, elected to the Zeitz city council under the Wir für unsere Stadt banner, was expelled from the party for joining the Alternative for Germany (AfD) council caucus. After a week of protests from the KPD and other leftwing organizations, Kutschick reconsidered and left the AfD caucus. Nevertheless Kutschick was expelled from the KPD.

Ideology
The party upholds a strict anti-revisionist Marxist-Leninist line, and states that it "consistently fights revisionism, opportunism and its main form, anti-Stalinism." It recognizes the German Democratic Republic (DDR), the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), especially during the leadership of Stalin, and other former Soviet allied states as examples of real existing socialism. It also holds a positive view on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, its leadership, both Kim Jong-il and his successor Kim Jong-un, and the leading ideologies of the nation, being Juche and Songun. On the subject of the first leader of the state, Kim Il-sung, it claims that he was "a great politician who acquired himself big merits in the modern political history and left behind definite traces".

Previously supportive of the Initiative of Communist and Workers' Parties, KPD declared their support for the European Communist Action led by the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) after its dissolution. It also declared its incompatibility with the World Anti-Imperialist Platform which includes a couple of former INITIATIVE members like the Hungarian Workers' Party and the Communist Party in Italy. They explained this decision by claiming that the WAP defamed the KKE and the inclusion of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela after the intervention of the Communist Party of Venezuela.

Famous members
Despite being a small party, it managed to attract a number of prominent members, mostly those from the former leadership of the Socialist Unity Party (SED). Both Erich Honecker and his wife Margot became members of the KPD after being expelled from the reformed SED in 1990, Margot Honecker even becoming an honorary member.

Irma Thälmann, the daughter of Ernst Thälmann, became a member of the KPD after leaving the Party of Democratic Socialism, due to the re-evaluation of her father's legacy by the party. She was a candidate for the KPD at the 1994 Bundestag election for the district of Berlin-Lichtenberg, gaining 266 votes (0.17%).

title: Communist Party of Germany (1990)