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Talk:Kagami mochi

Google images of three-mochi kagami mochi
Note to User:Dforest: Can you be more specific? The first four pages of Google images (search term:　鏡餅) don't have a single example of kagami mochi with three discs. Yesterday I did a careful search on this, and no Japanese page on kagami mochi mentions three discs. The Japanese wikipedia entry doesn't mention them either. If you have seen them, could you take a photo for evidence? --DannyWilde 01:51, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I would take a photo, but naturally I would have to wait until the end of the year. ;) Here's the Google images search I was referring to:

 * Thanks for your edits, by the way. --Dforest 02:28, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your edits too. I looked at the Google search you gave - and I can't find any photos with three, except a strange pink thing which is obviously not a standard "kagami mochi". Read the comments on the page. There are some drawings with three, but they don't provide any evidence. Searching in romaji will most likely get you results like that - better to use the Japanese words in the search, perhaps, since people who draw kagami mochi pictures from memory might not realise there are two discs. Now, as I noted on the page, the two mochis symbolize the going and coming years - there are usually not three years going and coming. I've carefully researched this, and found no evidence at all of three mochi discs being used on standard kagami mochi. If you can point me to real evidence of a three disc kagami mochi, fine - otherwise, please don't keep changing this page to say "three", since it is wrong. --DannyWilde 02:53, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

If you're looking for a photo of kagamimochi, there's one here. Third from the bottom. The middle disk is pink in this photo. "Disk" seems a bit more like a hockey puck; these are blobby. Imagine a ball that droops into a sort of disk. Sort of. Fg2 07:02, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Are you sure the top layer is mochi? The photo isn't very big, but it definitely looks like two mochi layers with discs of something else on top. The caption also says "two layers of mochi": 同じく紅白二段の餅. BTW this is a special kind of kagami-mochi it says, as well. Might be worth mentioning in the article. --DannyWilde 09:13, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Two, according to Iwanami, 「国語辞典」. Fg2 10:34, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

I'm not sure what kind of evidence you're looking for, but here's an excerpt from the Kagoshima visitor's guide on the subject:
 * Kagamimochi (literally "mirror rice cake") is two or three pieces of round shaped rice cakes decorated with an orange on top. It is an offering to the god at the New year. It is placed in the main room until January 11th . Kagamimochi is taken down on January 11th and eaten. It is called Kagamibiraki (literally "opening the mirror") . Kagamimochi is a good luck charm, so we split it open by hand or a hammer not using a knife.
 * That is one piece of evidence, but I read lots of articles in Japanese about it, including the Japanese wikipedia one, and they all said two pieces of mochi. I couldn't find three anywhere. --DannyWilde 09:13, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Once again, I have personally seen a fair number of these with three pieces of mochi. --Dforest 08:28, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I haven't seen a single one. It might be a regional difference I suppose. --DannyWilde 09:13, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

I edited it to read "at least two mochi". Perhaps this is better? Dforest 08:48, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Reference web pages
I'd rather the issue was clarified so that the article was correct. I might be wrong in saying "two pieces", but it's something I have gone well out of my way to check, including looking at about 200 Google images and reading three detailed web pages about kagami mochi in Japanese: I'm sorry to have put you to this trouble in convincing me, but it's hard for me to think that all these Japanese pages are incorrect, and none of them mentions three layers. --DannyWilde 09:13, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 *
 *
 *

Hi again--

I have shown you photos, illustrations, and written evidence of the three layer type. It is frustrating to have someone argue 'I haven't seen it so it must not exist.' (not your words, but the impression I get from your comments) I have seen these with my own eyes. I get the feeling that you distrust me, and it perplexes me why you are so adamant about this. I am not about to insert information that I am not sure about. I have also read quite a few articles about this in both English and Japanese. Since you ask for 'very hard evidence', I found these for you. I put considerable effort into researching this, so I hope you will find it satisfactory.

(all emphasis mine)

1 Illustration unambiguously shows 3 mochi.

2 Gishi, a kagami mochi dealer, shows the 3-layer type halfway down the page.

3 A dictionary of Japanese culture
 * explanation: Offering for toshigami (year's god) settled on "tokonoma" (Japanese alcove) in a new year celebration. It consists to pile up 2 or 3 round rice cakes (lower is bigger) and put a "daidai" (bitter orange) at the top. It comes from a shintoist rite (the mirror is a god's symbol for them) but has been generalized since Muromachi period with an appearance of "tokonoma". On January 11th, it will be cut off into small pieces to be cooked. The ceremony is called "kagami biraki", i.e. "mirror opening".

4 A personal account of Japanese New Year
 * Mochi, arranged in stacks of two or three round mounds sort of like snowmen, is used as a decoration in temples, shrines, and homes.

5 Mochitsuki : A Japanese Custom
 * Kagami mochi is made of at least two stacked flatten (sic) balls of mochi and is placed on a small rasised (sic) tray called a "sanbo".

6 (in Japanese)
 * 普通２個重ねるところがほとんど. ほかに、３個重ねたり

7 (in Japanese)
 * 三枚重ねの鏡餅を供え、松や餅花を飾る風習が長く続いているのです.

8 (in Japanese)
 * 洗い米の粉とまぜて、臼で搗いて緑色の大鏡餅三枚重ねを、まず氏神に供えた後、村内の者が分けあって食べる.

9 (in Japanese)
 * 正月の鏡餅として3段重ねの三日月重ねの供え餅を神棚に供える家も残っています.

10 (in Japanese) An interesting theory about the 3-layered type possibly having origins in a Jewish matzo ceremony. (?)
 * 日本の餅のルーツがユダヤのマツォならば、鏡餅が三段である理由も、３つに割るマツォの儀式に由来しているのかもしれない. つまり、鏡餅そのものが三位一体の神を表現している可能性がある.

BTW, I also conferred with a Japanese colleague who is knowledgable about this, and he said it is not so important the number of mochi so long as there are more than one, as you can't very well call a single mochi a kagamimochi.

Regards, Dforest 02:54, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

re: Reference web pages
Hi again--

I have shown you photos, illustrations, and written evidence of the three layer type.

 * I haven't seen any photos except the pink one, which had a caption specifically saying "this is not typical".--DannyWilde 04:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

It is frustrating to have someone argue 'I haven't seen it so it must not exist.' (not your words, but the impression I get from your comments)

 * When you initially changed the page to say three, I went off and checked it with the web pages listed above. I couldn't find evidence there for it, and so far, I still haven't found any real, solid evidence for them. --DannyWilde 04:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Gishi, which you cited, sells the 3-layer type. What more evidence do you want? --Dforest 17:55, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

I have seen these with my own eyes. I get the feeling that you distrust me, and it perplexes me why you are so adamant about this.

 * Long experience on the net. If you do a net search for the Portuguese word "obrigado" and the Japanese "arigatou", I'm willing to bet you'll find many pages saying they are related. I've also had this repeated to me in real life. But they aren't. --DannyWilde 04:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * For what its worth, I also have long experience on the net. The existence of the three-layer variety is not speculation. --Dforest 03:03, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

I am not about to insert information that I am not sure about. I have also read quite a few articles about this in both English and Japanese. Since you ask for 'very hard evidence', I found these for you. I put considerable effort into researching this, so I hope you will find it satisfactory.

(all emphasis mine)

1 Illustration unambiguously shows 3 mochi.
 * I have seen the illustrations in the Google images pages already. That is one piece of evidence, but it is rather a weak one. A photo would be much better. --DannyWilde 04:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * A photo is no better evidence than an illustration. The validity of the evidence comes from context more than anything else, and this is a page specifically describing kagami mochi. --Dforest 17:55, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

2 Gishi, a kagami mochi dealer, shows the 3-layer type halfway down the page.
 * It shows three mochi discs on top of one another, but not formed into a kagami mochi. However, we do see below in your quote about Kyoto that this is used in some kinds of decorations. --DannyWilde 04:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The caption says 飾り台座鏡もち, i.e. "decorative pedestal kagami mochi". --Dforest 17:55, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

3 A dictionary of Japanese culture
 * explanation: Offering for toshigami (year's god) settled on "tokonoma" (Japanese alcove) in a new year celebration. It consists to pile up 2 or 3 round rice cakes (lower is bigger) and put a "daidai" (bitter orange) at the top. It comes from a shintoist rite (the mirror is a god's symbol for them) but has been generalized since Muromachi period with an appearance of "tokonoma". On January 11th, it will be cut off into small pieces to be cooked. The ceremony is called "kagami biraki", i.e. "mirror opening".
 * This isn't a very convincing page. It says "orange" rather than "daidai", and in the paragraph before the one you quote, it only mentions two layers. --DannyWilde 04:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The paragraph I quoted originally comes from the Japanese dictionary of history and traditions. It says "daidai" (bitter orange). And a daidai is what, if not a bitter orange? --Dforest 17:55, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

4 A personal account of Japanese New Year
 * Mochi, arranged in stacks of two or three round mounds sort of like snowmen, is used as a decoration in temples, shrines, and homes.
 * This kind of personal account is not really so convincing; is the person who wrote it an expert on kagami mochi? It would be easy enough for some tourist to make a mistake. --DannyWilde 04:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Elitism. Are you or I an expert on kagami mochi? --Dforest 17:55, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

5 Mochitsuki : A Japanese Custom
 * Kagami mochi is made of at least two stacked flatten (sic) balls of mochi and is placed on a small rasised (sic) tray called a "sanbo".
 * Yes, and this also says that a satsuma orange is placed on top, which as I've said is wrong - it is a daidai, not a satsuma. The person who wrote it is clearly not an expert - I don't find evidence from this page convincing. --DannyWilde 04:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The page reads:
 * A small bitter fruit, typically a satsuma mandrin (sic) orange is placed on top of the rice cakes. The fruit signifies longevity in its name, "daidai" meaning "generation to generation".
 * This is an accurate description. The terms "Satsuma" and "mandarin orange" are used to refer to the mikan.  Mikans are commonly used for kagami mochi in present-day Japan. --Dforest 17:55, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

6 (in Japanese)
 * 普通２個重ねるところがほとんど. ほかに、３個重ねたり
 * This page consists of random speculations from net people without even real names. The person who wrote that also says "sometimes they have daidai on them". It's asking people to guess why the mochis are layered. This is not a convincing page. --DannyWilde 04:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * More elitism. It is true that they sometimes have daidai on them. They often have mikans instead. --Dforest 17:55, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

7 (in Japanese)
 * 三枚重ねの鏡餅を供え、松や餅花を飾る風習が長く続いているのです.
 * This is the first piece of convincing evidence for three-layered kagami mochi, although it is very clearly a different form of decoration from the normal kind of kagami mochi decoration. --DannyWilde 04:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * But the article refers to it as a kagamimochi. --Dforest 17:55, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

8 (in Japanese)
 * 洗い米の粉とまぜて、臼で搗いて緑色の大鏡餅三枚重ねを、まず氏神に供えた後、村内の者が分けあって食べる.
 * Again, these green things are clearly not anything like a standard kagamimochi, although it might be an interesting addition to the article. --DannyWilde 04:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I am not arguing that the three-layered type is a "standard kagamimochi", only that they are known to exist in Japan. --Dforest 17:55, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

9 (in Japanese)
 * 正月の鏡餅として3段重ねの三日月重ねの供え餅を神棚に供える家も残っています.
 * This is a limited local variation, related to belief in a particular kami; I don't know if this is a kagami mochi with three overlapping discs: "mikkazuki" means "new moon". I'm not sure what "mikkazuki kasane" means, perhaps "partially overlapping", but again this is surely not the standard kagami mochi, although it might be an interesting addition to the article. --DannyWilde 04:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Sure it's a local variation, but it is certainly a kagamimochi. That it is an offering to a kami reflects kagamimochi's Shinto origins. --Dforest 17:55, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

10 (in Japanese) An interesting theory about the 3-layered type possibly having origins in a Jewish matzo ceremony. (?)
 * 日本の餅のルーツがユダヤのマツォならば、鏡餅が三段である理由も、３つに割るマツォの儀式に由来しているのかもしれない. つまり、鏡餅そのものが三位一体の神を表現している可能性がある.
 * Even disregarding the above comments, this is not a convincing page at all. The photo has a kagami mochi with an apple on the top of it. The comments about Jews using the matso (spelling?) to represent the body of Christ, who is not even a part of the Jewish religion, strikes me as making the total contents of the page very, very, very much less than convincing. --DannyWilde 04:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Of course this is a bizarre theory; I agree it is unlikely to have merit.   I thought it was worthy to note because he argues "The reason there are three-layered kagamimochi..."  (in bold)  This is evidence that their existence is common knowledge in Japan.  Why would he write that if it were not common knowledge that they exist?  The author notes that (s)he used an apple because there were no mikans available.  Also, Christ was Jewish, and according to The Last Supper article, it is "considered by most scholars likely to have been a Passover seder".  --Dforest 17:55, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

BTW, I also conferred with a Japanese colleague who is knowledgable about this, and he said it is not so important the number of mochi so long as there are more than one, as you can't very well call a single mochi a kagamimochi.

Regards, Dforest 02:54, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your input into this. First of all, after what was obviously a hard search, you found a few pieces of evidence for a few regional variations including a three layered kagami mochi, as above, in Kyoto, the green ones, the overlapping ones, and the photo of the undecorated mochi discs. In contrast to this, I was able to find several authoritative, detailed pages on kagami mochi which do not mention three layered kagami mochis at all. I still have not seen convincing evidence that the standard kagami mochi with a daidai on top can have three layers, and since all the convincing examples you have found are regional variations, it is clearly not correct to state that the standard kagami mochi has "two or three layers" without some qualifications. in order to write an accurate article about it you would need to mention the differences in decorations etc. on the few three layered kagami mochi which exist. If you really believe that three layered kagami mochi are a common variant, I'd suggest leaving the article in its current form until New Years, taking some photos and sending them to me by email, and forcing me to eat my words at that point. Anyway until New Year, which is only three months away, can we please end this discussion for now? I think I know more about kagami mochi than I really wanted to. --DannyWilde 04:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

First of all, I would appreciate it if you do not cut into my posts with your replies.

I am not inclined to take pictures to prove to you what I have already shown exists. I'm sorry to be so defensive about this, but I do take considerable offense at your denying what I have seen with my own eyes and shown you clear evidence of.

The Japanese Wikipedia article is hardly authoritative. Look at the history. It is basically a stub, with only minor edits since it was first written. The Gishi website you cited actually sells three-layer kagamimochi.

You profess to be an authority about this, but your 24 Sept edit in the mochi article stated that kagamimochi is not eaten. This is what brought this article to my attention. The kagamibiraki ritual, in which the mochi is broken and eaten, is the climax of the ceremony. And you dismiss other articles because they call the daidai a bitter orange--which it is.

Please let's not continue to argue about this. I would much rather work together here than have a revert war. --Dforest 17:55, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Concerned again about edits
I've just looked at the diff for the recent edits. First, what evidence is there that "daidai" are scarce? It's not a scarce fruit at all as far as I know since lots of people grow them in their gardens. There is one daidai tree near my house. Second, the name "daidai" does indeed mean "generations": I put that on the daidai page, if you'd care to look, and the Japanese wikipedia page will confirm it. The name comes from the fact that the tree stays on the fruit for several years if left to itself. The kanji is just ateji. And anyway, as I've been saying since this discussion started, there is not really any convincing evidence of more than two mochi except "I've seen them", so that edit should not have been made either. --DannyWilde 10:03, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Requested on Japanese page
I have made a request on Japanese wikipedia for clarification. See. --DannyWilde 10:33, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Three-Layered Kagami Mochi
Perhaps this discussion of the difference between two and three layered kagami-mochi on the Tokyo Gas Japanese culture website will put this matter to rest.

Q. お正月の鏡餅は二段重ねだと思っていたら、三つ重ねすることもあると聞きました. どんな時でしょうか.

A. お正月に鏡餅を飾るのは日本の伝統行事の一つです. 古くから豊かな実りを祈って供えてきました. 鏡餅には歳神が宿るといわれており、鏡開きの日に割って食べることで歳神の力を分けてもらい家族の健康と長寿を願いました. 昔は神棚、仏壇、甲冑、鏡台、農具、井戸、台所など、家のあちこちに飾っていましたが、現在は床の間や棚がほとんどです. 飾り方は地方や家々で違いがありますが、二つ重ねるのが一般的です. 二つ重ねは陰と陽（月と日）を表しているといわれ「福が重なる」「めでたく年を重ねる」という意味があります. ただし、「井戸や農具は二つ重ねするが、神仏に供える時は三つ重ねする」と飾り分けている地方、また、仏壇は二つ重ねるが、神棚には三つ重ねする地方、その他、台所の中心であるかまどには三つ重ねする“おくど飾り”など、三つ重ねする場合もあるようです.

In sum, the questioner mentions that he is familiar with two-layered kagami mochi but has also heard a three-layered version exists. He asks at what times this is used.

The answer, in brief, mentions the different places kagami mochi can be used as a decoration in the home, and mentions regional and household differences. Although two-layered mochi is most common (representing dualities like yin-yang/sun and moon, and the "piling up" of good fortune etc.), the three-layered type is also used in some locales, for specific areas of the house. For example, a local saying has it that the two-layered version is used by wells and farm tools, while the three-layered version goes on the butsudan (Buddhist altar). In another locale, the butsudan gets the two-layered version, while the kamidana (Shinto altar) gets the three-layered version. Another local version has it that the three-layered kagami mochi goes in the center of the kitchen.

At any rate, there are certainly three-layered kagami mochi. This is beyond question.

 * Thanks for the input. Dforest has already shown that three-layered kagami mochi exist in some regional variations (see above). The kitchen one sounds the same as Dforest's reference to the three-layered kagami mochi in Kyoto. Apparently Dforest lives in Osaka, and so it may be more common there. It isn't particularly clear that three layers is a standard variation. The current wording "sometimes three" is a little vague, perhaps you'd like to add the above translation to the article. --DannyWilde 00:24, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * So, we agree that the "regional variations" exist. Now I suppose the issue is whether the three-layer type is commonly known in Japan.  So today I did an informal survey among my Japanese co-workers.  I asked six people (mostly in their 50s or older) if they had ever seen the three-layer version.  Out of them, four gave a definite yes.  One of them said that in his house he does the three-layer version.  He also told me that in the old days four and five layers used to be common.  Another said that that he had seen the three-layer type at his grandfather's house.

 * Of the two who said no, one person couldn't recall seeing it in particular but earlier made the comment (in paraphrase) "It is not so important the number so long as there are more than one." (I asked him again because he hadn't given a definite answer before.) The other no was the youngest person I asked, a lady in her early twenties.   I could have asked more people but frankly I didn't want to bother them with silly questions. By the way, "standard variation" is an oxymoron.  --Dforest 11:42, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for taking such a lot of time to check this. As noted from the very beginning of this discussion, I suggested it might be a regional variation. Perhaps you could take some photos of various kagami mochi when New Year's comes around and add them to the page. --DannyWilde 12:29, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * After all the trouble I took to demonstrate that the 3-layer type is indeed well-known, I would appreciate it if you didn't delete that same piece of information from the article. Thanks.  Dforest 12:17, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

You certainly have not proved that it's well known, only that it exists in some regional variations of the standard kagami mochi. When I originally translated the article, if it had said two or three, I would have written "three" there without thinking about it. I strongly guess from the evidence, including the links and the Japanese text above, that the three layered version is fairly rare and limited to regional variations. My opinion is based solely on the evidence I have seen as described in the web pages above. Why you have reached a different opinion I have no idea. All I can say is that, you have certainly shown a consistent pattern of pestering me and I wish you would leave me alone. --DannyWilde 14:21, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

My edit description was cut off. Please note "three" was already verified per WP:V: Gishi sells the 3-layer type and the Tokyo Gas Japanese culture page (see Saitansurimono's translation above) explains its use. Dforest 10:38, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Kagami Biraki & Oshiruko
I was wondering if anyone knew of a tradition of eating oshiruko on the day of kagami biraki. Every year, I ask my parents why I can't substitute my ozoni with oshiruko (as the latter is sweeter and one of my favorite things to eat), and every year, I am told that oshiruko is to be eaten on the day of the kagami biraki and not on New Year's Day. I've read that oshiruko is eaten on New Year's Day in Kagawa Prefecture, so maybe it's a regional thing? My parents are both from Saitama Prefecture, by the way. Shu ster (talk) 23:51, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

In Okinawa (et. al.), it's different!
It is traditionally broken and eaten in a Shinto ritual called kagami biraki (mirror opening) on the second Saturday or Sunday of January. In Okinawa NO! This year it's January 31st (same as in Vietnam) and hence the ritual won't happen before February. So the explanation is not valid for the whole Japanese territory. Just saying. :) -andy 77.7.124.51 (talk) 19:52, 2 February 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kagami mochi


text:
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On October 1, 2014, SNY signed an agreement with the Fall Experimental Football League to carry some of the league's inaugural regular season games in October and November of that year. On December 20, 2018, SNY and Rugby United New York of Major League Rugby announced a partnership where SNY would televise nine of the team's inaugural season games.

College sports
Currently SNY airs women's college basketball from the University of Connecticut, college basketball and football games from Fordham University, college football and college basketball games from Columbia University, college football and college basketball games from Stony Brook University, college basketball and football from Monmouth University,  college hockey, college soccer, college football and college basketball from Long Island University, and college hockey and college basketball games from Sacred Heart University SNY also has a package of eight nationally televised college basketball games from the Northeast Conference and annually airs the Connecticut Ice college hockey tournament.

On July 23, 2008, SNY reached an agreement with Rutgers University to become "the exclusive home" of the university's athletics program; the deal includes the rights to air encore presentations of the team's football telecasts (involving games televised by ABC or any of the ESPN networks), weekly coaches shows (for both football and basketball, such as Inside Rutgers Football) and press conferences.

Beginning in 2008, SNY carried football and basketball games involving the Big East Conference; the network lost the rights to Fox Sports 1 (through an agreement with Fox Sports) when that network launched in August 2013. The network also carried coaches shows focusing on the Seton Hall University and St. John's University basketball teams, both members of the old Big East. From its launch, SNY also carried football and basketball games from the Big Ten Conference that were not scheduled to be televised on a national network; the network lost these games to the Big Ten Network when it launched in 2007. SNY also televised college basketball games from the Sun Belt Conference through ESPN Plus, later dropping these events in 2008, in order to focus its college sports coverage on the Big East Conference.

In August 2010, the University of Connecticut announced a multi-year deal with SportsNet New York to become "the official television home" of UConn Huskies football and men's basketball. SNY will feature 300 hours of Huskies-related programming annually, including 120 hours of game coverage. In May 2012, SNY signed a four-year agreement with the university to become the exclusive broadcaster of the Huskies women's basketball team (assuming the regional rights from Connecticut Public Television), agreeing to air a minimum of 17 games per year. However, as of 2020 only women's basketball still airs on the network.

On October 31, 2013, SportsNet New York signed a broadcasting agreement with the Atlantic 10 Conference to televise the conference's college basketball games; under the initial deal, the network carried 43 Atlantic 10 basketball games during the 2013–14 season.

Until 2023, SNY also broadcast college lacrosse, college football and college basketball from Hofstra University. Those games have since moved to MSG Network.

News and debate programs

 * The Thread – A show introduced in March 2019, showing a social media lens on New York Sports at 5 p.m. The program features contributors from entertainment fields and popular New York radio show commentators. It is hosted by Justine Ward, with various SNY contributors.
 * Honda SportsNite – A daily half-hour sports highlights show airing at 11:00 p.m. and throughout the night (with a rebroadcast from 6:00 to 9:00 a.m. and 12:00 to 1:00 p.m., the latter not airing on weekends or on days when a Mets game is scheduled for 1:00 p.m. or earlier start). The 11:00 edition is pre-empted on nights when a Mets telecast starts at or after 8:00 p.m.
 * Loudmouths – A half-hour sports talk show (airing weeknights at 5:30 p.m.), in which host Jon Hein and various SNY panelists debate the top sports topics of the day. Occasionally, the hosts have themed broadcasts and predict the winners for future NFL games for the coming week.
 * Baseball Night New York - a primetime baseball-related program that airs on 6:00 pm weekdays hosted by Sal Licata, focused on news and insights of New York City's two baseball teams.
 * Carton and Roberts - SNY simulcast of WFAN-AM and WFAN-FM afternoon drive radio program hosted by Craig Carton and Evan Roberts (airing weekday afternoons from 4:00 pm to 6:00 pm beginning in May 2021, head to head with YES Network's simulcast of The Michael Kay Show).

Entertainment programs

 * Beer Money! – A half-hour game show (airing Sundays at 7:00 p.m.), in which hosts Amber Wilson and Dan Schachner visit bars throughout New York and New Jersey asking contestants questions pertaining to New York sports, in three rounds (with prize amounts of $10, $20, and $100); contestants choose to leave the game with their existing prize total at any time, or continue on, risking losing the money if they give a wrong answer. The program also features a two-contestant shootout round for a $50 prize, in which the first contestant to answer a question wrong loses. A similar program with the same title airs on SportsTime Ohio, while New England Sports Network (NESN) carried a similarly formatted program, Pocket Money.

Mets-related programs

 * Mets Classics – Broadcasts of archived Mets games from past seasons and the current season (UltiMet Classics).
 * Mets Fast Forward – A condensed one-hour replay of the previous day's Mets game telecast on SNY or WPIX (airing at 6:00 and 9:00 a.m. following a Mets game).
 * Mets Insider – A bi-weekly, half-hour magazine-style program geared towards a diverse range of Mets topics.
 * Mets Kids Clubhouse – A weekly half-hour baseball edutainment program for children, hosted by Neha Joy (airing Saturdays at 12:00 p.m.).
 * Mets Hot Stove – An offseason "hot stove" discussion about the Mets, hosted by Gary Apple with various local writers.
 * Mets Pre-Game Live – A half-hour program previewing the upcoming Mets game/series.
 * Mets Post-Game Live – A half-hour program providing recaps and analysis of the day's Mets game and previews of upcoming matchups.
 * Mets Weekly – A weekly half-hour magazine program featuring team coverage, interviews, and stories on the Mets (airing Sundays at 6:00 p.m.).
 * Mets Yearbook – A half-hour program of past Mets year in reviews from 1962 to 1988.
 * Mets Year in Review – A program recapping the Mets season since 2009.
 * Mets Amazin' Finishes - A program recapping the best games in various seasons in a countdown list. Frequently played during rain delays.

Hosts and analysts

 * Joe Benigno – Daily News Live panelist
 * Ray Lucas – Jets post-game studio analyst; Jets Nation and NFL analyst
 * Willie Colon – Jets post-game studio analyst; Jets Nation and NFL analyst
 * Bart Scott – Jets post-game studio analyst; Jets Nation and NFL analyst
 * Eamon McAnaney – Honda SportsNite anchor and reporter; Loudmouths and Daily News Live co-host; fill-in Mets pre-game and post-game studio analyst
 * Sweeny Murti – Yankees beat reporter
 * Jon Hein – Loudmouths co-host
 * Jonas Schwartz – Daily News Live host and studio host
 * Michelle Yu – Honda SportsNite anchor and reporter; Daily News Live co-host.

New York Mets telecasts

 * Gary Apple – Mets pre-game and post-game studio host, host of Mets Hot Stove, fill-in play-by-play announcer
 * Gary Cohen – Mets play-by-play announcer
 * Ron Darling – Mets color commentator/game analyst
 * Jim Duquette – fill-in Mets pre-game and post-game studio analyst
 * Jerry Blevins – fill-in Mets pre-game and post-game studio analyst
 * Terry Collins – fill-in Mets pre-game and post-game studio analyst
 * Steve Gelbs – Mets field reporter and fill-in play-by-play announcer, host of Mets Amazin' Finishes
 * Keith Hernandez – Mets color commentator/game analyst
 * Todd Zeile – Mets pre-game/post-game studio analyst and fill-in Mets color commentator
 * Michelle Margaux – Mets fill-in field reporter

Notable former on-air staff

 * Steve Berthiaume – SportsNite anchor (2006–2007; left network in January 2007 and rejoined ESPN, now the lead broadcaster for the Arizona Diamondbacks)
 * Kevin Burkhardt – Mets field reporter and alternate play-by-play announcer; host of Mets Hot Stove (2007–2014; now play-by-play broadcaster and studio host for Fox Sports)
 * Chris Carlin – GEICO SportsNite anchor; Loudmouths co-host; and Mets Pre Game and Post Game Live host and Rutgers football and basketball analyst
 * Julie Donaldson – host of Mets Weekly (2006–2007; now anchor/reporter at NBC Sports Washington)
 * Scott Ferrall – Daily News Live and Wheelhouse personality (2007–2009; now host of nationally syndicated radio show for CBS Sports Radio)
 * Nelson Figueroa - Mets pre and post-game analyst (2015–2019)
 * Ralph Kiner – fill-in Mets color commentator/game analyst (2006–2013) (deceased)
 * Lee Mazzilli – studio analyst on Mets pre and post-game shows (2007–2008)
 * Bob Ojeda – Mets pre-game and post-game studio analyst (2009–2014)
 * Meredith Marakovits – GEICO SportsNite anchor and reporter; Daily News Live co-host (2009–2011; now at YES Network)
 * Kaitlin Monte – Mets Insider host (2013–2014; now at KRIV in Houston)
 * Harold Reynolds – studio analyst on Mets pre-game and post-game shows (2008; joined the MLB Network in 2009)
 * Wayne Randazzo - Mets alternate play-by-play announcer (now lead play by play broadcaster for the Angels and Apple TV+)
 * Gary Thorne - Mets alternate play-by-play announcer
 * Matt Yallof – host of Mets pre-game and post-game shows (2006–2008; joined MLB Network in 2009)
 * Bobby Valentine – fill-in Mets pre-game and post-game studio analyst

Availability
At its launch, it was originally expected that SNY would experience issues with trying to gain carriage on Cablevision, as the Mets moved their game telecasts from that company's two regional sports networks, MSG Network and FSN New York (now MSG Plus). The situation was similar to that experienced by the YES Network, the Yankees ended its broadcasting agreement with Cablevision. Cablevision filed a lawsuit against Sterling Entertainment Enterprises on the grounds that the franchise might have violated their contract, which theoretically had one year left to run, as well as the right of last refusal. However, a judge ruled in favor of Sterling Entertainment, essentially stating that the Mets had voided their deal with Cablevision entirely by paying a specified buyout fee, believed to have exceeded $50 million.

Comcast began carrying the network on its Hartford area systems on March 31, 2008. Then in July 2008, just days after the University of Connecticut signed its broadcast deal with SNY, Cox Communications began carrying SportsNet New York on channel 62 throughout its Connecticut service area. On August 29, 2011, the network launched a secondary feed for Connecticut, SNY-CT.

SNY is also available on Comcast systems in Palm Beach County, Florida and nationally on Verizon FiOS. However, due to broadcasting rules imposed by Major League Baseball that restrict local telecasts to within their designated broadcast territory, Mets games televised by the network are blacked out, although pre-game and post-game shows and other non-event programming is cleared for broadcast in Palm Beach County.

Beginning in 2017, SNY made Mets games available for live Internet streaming to subscribers via its website and the NBC Sports app but has been yet to be made authorizable to Comcast Xfinity subscribers though Comcast is the owner of the NBC Sports app and is part owner of SNY. In 2022, SNY launched its own app, serving much the same purpose with much the same availability.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: SNY


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/OwenX

 * ''The following discussion is preserved as an archive of a successful request for adminship. Please do not modify it.

OwenX
[ Vote here]  (44/4/0) ending 01:52 October 7, 2005 (UTC) (UTC)

– OwenX is a great guy that he contributes all around Wikipedia. I often see him doing RC patrol, he's an active member in a few WikiProjects, and he has great community involvement. kate's tool has him at ~1800 edits (for those of you who care about editcountis), and his first contrib was in December of 04. He uses edit summaries an overwhelming majority of the time, and has plenty of wikipedia namespace edits. -Greg Asche (talk) 01:52, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Candidate, please indicate acceptance of the nomination here:
 * I accept. Thank you for the nomination. Owen× ☎  02:40, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) Support, as nominator. -Greg Asche (talk) 01:54, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|15px]] Extreme Phroziac support! -- ( ☺ drini ♫ | ☎ ) 01:56, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Support - Even tells me the time when he'll be on RC patrol to help out! --HappyCamper 02:46, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Support. →Jo urna list  >>talk<<  02:56, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Most certainly. -- Essjay ·  Talk 03:28, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Support. Friday (talk) 03:56, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Support CambridgeBayWeather 04:52, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Support, good editor. Christopher Parham (talk) 05:58, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Support, although the low number of edits given the amount of time he's been here is a little surprising. But I really liked his answer to the question about conflict resolution. --Angr/undefined 06:58, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Yes, I haven't been very active until July. The vast majority my edits are from the last three months. Owen× ☎  12:35, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Support, a few contacts, always positive. rvv'd my user page with a rollback-like edit summary, tricking me into thinking he already was one. — brighterorange (talk) 14:36, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * He probably has one of the fake rollback scripts. --Phroziac(talk)[[Image:Flag_of_Phyzech_Republic.svg|25px]] 18:14, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I wish...Sam's script doesn't work on my machine, for some reason. I use the standard text for the benefit of those using Derk's tool (myself included). CDVF automatically adds vandals reverted with this specific string to its temporary "blacklist". Owen× ☎  19:09, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|15px]] Extreme pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcaniconiosic support! --Phroziac(talk)[[Image:Flag_of_Phyzech_Republic.svg|25px]] 18:14, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support; I see him on RC patrol; he does a great job of it and could benefit from the extra buttons. Everything looks good to me. Antandrus  (talk) 19:00, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Support great RC work, and NPOV AfD contribs. Only request that you review WP:CIVIL due to a few edit summaries like get with the program, buddy!. It's not an issue, per say, just some could find it offensive and become very defensive before they even look at your reasons or comments. Other than that, full support.  ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  19:25, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Support: OwenX would make a great administrator. I was impressed on how he weighed in on the Synergy/DE Afd debate. On this issue, a particular user working as a marketing rep for a technology company was posting POV articles about her company and then refused to cooporate with other editors on creating an unbiased article. In a letter to the user's talk page, OwenX clearly explained the implications of that article and how it can be rewritten in a form that is acceptable to Wikipedian standards. His actions in this matter have given me confidence that he'll play a fair and consistant role in protecting Wikipedia from commercial exploitation. Solarusdude 20:19, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Fir  e [[User:FireFox| Fox ] T  C 20:27, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) -Splash talk 20:30, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Support - ≈ jossi ≈ 21:13, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Support - Pasboudin 22:29, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Solid user. Andre ( talk ) 03:54, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Support - 1800 edits is plenty enough to confirm that an editor is serious about improving Wikipedia. -- BD2412 talk 05:18, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) *Comment: I sadly disagree... while one may be serious about editing, this low level of editing does not show enough about user interaction and temperment. This user has yet to have any serious conflict... so what if they do after they've been given admin powers? Makes the situation much easier to just bitchslap someone you disagree with.  ALKIVAR ™[[Image:Radioactive.svg|18px|]] 06:56, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Support KHM03 14:39, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) Support. Great job on the RC patrol.  Rob e  rt  16:55, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 14) Support. 1800 edits is good enough for me. --WikiFanaticTalk Contribs 13:26, 1 Oct 2005 (CDT)
 * 15) EXTREME DEATH TO EDITCOUNTITIS SUPPORT!! Ryan Norton T 21:51, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 16) Support, damn editcountitis.  Ral  315   WS  00:25, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 17) Merovingian (t) (c) 05:39, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 18) Furry Alien Support the above comment about his use of a specific string to add to the temporary "blacklist" impressed me more than his answers to the standard questions. Alf melmac 22:27, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 19) Support. Huhum, definitely. --Sn0wflake 02:55, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 20) Support Joke137 15:58, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 21) Support have come across him several times and always found him accurate and helpful.  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   17:00, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 22) Support. El_C 23:41, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 23) Support Got me on the right track. Seems very helpful and nice.--Guitarist6987876 04:47, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 24) Support in hopes of a editcountitis vaccine. And because he'll be a good admin. Bratsche talk 21:38, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 25) Support --JAranda'' | yeah 23:14, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 26) Support Seems to be knowledgeable and active. -- Curps 01:44, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 27) Support This is a rational person with an interest in the smooth functioning of Wikipedia: exactly what is needed in an admin. Chick Bowen 03:13, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 28) Cool. JuntungWu 11:27, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 29) Support, although I've had no personal interaction with Owen, by his edits he strikes me as a good person and a valuable editor. Shauri  [[Image:Heart.gif|12px]]  smile!  14:14, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 30) Support. For all the good reasons cited above.  I love the consistent use of edit summaries in every namespace, as they are an easy courtesy to provide for those still on dialup and those who don't want to load every single page to get a feel for what's changed.  Unfocused 00:48, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 31) * I definitely don't like the banner ad he's placed at the top of his talk page to draw attention to his ongoing RFA, even though it is phrased very neutrally. Even though it's not blatant electioneering, it still seems like poor judgement to me.  Unfocused 16:39, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 32) **Banner ad removed. I'll admit, I'm probably pickier than most on things like that, but thank you for your consideration.  Unfocused 17:22, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 33) Support. A fine editor and plenty 'nuff of them. --hydnjo talk 03:31, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 34) Support is there a pill you can take for editcountis? --Rogerd 03:34, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 35) Keep this article... Erm, I meant support! --Andylkl (talk) 15:54, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 36) Support. Carbonite | Talk 13:14, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 37) De ryc  k C.  16:58, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Oppose
 * 1) Oppose. OwenX appears to be a friendly person, from what I can observe, but 1800 edits is just too green for me.  I will gladly support him in the future once he has more experience should this first nomination fail.  Silensor 16:54, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 1800? Are you kidding? --Phroziac(talk)[[Image:Flag_of_Phyzech_Republic.svg|25px]] 18:14, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose, been here for a long time, but only 1800 edits, that's way too little for being on wikipedia so long. I have over 1000 and I've been here for a few months. Maybe if they worked harder, in a few months I'd actually support. Private Butcher 19:04, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Note Durin's comment below: He's made approximately 1700 edits in the last 90 days.  Just because a user has been registered for 9 months doesn't mean they've been editing at the same level of activity for that whole time.  Ral  315   WS  00:25, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose sadly not enough of an edit history yet to show user interaction conflicts, how will this person react to an in their face assholish vandal? or an ignorant newbie who trashes their "pet article"? Needs more time and more edits IMO.  ALKIVAR ™[[Image:Radioactive.svg|18px|]] 06:56, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose.  Too few edits, never have encountered this user.  PedanticallySpeaking 17:23, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Neutral
 * Neutral. Good person and good editor he is, I must say, but 2000 edits in 9 months is simply too few. Will reconsider if the nominee provides reason for that scarce editing frequency. De ryc  k C.  15:48, 3 October 2005 (UTC) switched to support.

Comments
 * A chart showing this user's edits along with a total # of edits line and average edits per day line is available here: Image:OwenX-Edits.png. I offer this not as a more refined version of editcountitis, but as just one tool to help evaluate an admin nominee with a somewhat low edit count on Wikipedia. --Durin 14:18, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Average edits per day over last 90 days is 19 per day. Use of edit summaries is 96%, 100% over last 500 edits. 93% of user's edits are over the last 90 days. --Durin 14:17, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Note. I would support, but have an active RfA and don't want to make it look odd. -- Lord Vold e  mort  (Dark Mark)  16:48, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * No rule against voting on other RfA's while a candidate in your own - if you're inclined to support, then by all means you should. -- BD2412 talk 05:15, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

 * Additional question I would like to point out for the candidate:
 * According to the edit count engine, you made only about 2000 edits in 9 months, which is a rather scarce number. Is there a reason for you to edit so scarcely? Or did you take a long wikibreak? If yes, from when to when?
 * Also with reference to your current scarce editing frequency. Are you going to and by what rate are you going to increase your editing frequency in case you become a sysop?
 * A. (to both quoestions) As I mentioned in my reply to Angr above, and as Durin was kind enough to demonstrate in his two comments and the chart he prepared, I wasn't very active until July, when I started taking on maintenance and administrative work on WP. About 1800 of my 1900 edits are from the last three months, for an average rate of 600+ edits a month—in line with other active editors/admins, as far as I can tell. Family, work, and social obligations permitting, I expect to maintain this level of contribution as an admin. Owen× ☎  18:34, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. RC patrols would certainly be easier with a Rollback button, and the ability to Vprotect pages and block vandals when needed could come in handy. It will be nice to delete clear-cut Speedy articles rather than load the category. I would also help in trimming down the ever-growing AfD backlog.
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. I didn't write any major articles, but have a handful of smaller ones about various topics from Beer to Israeli companies. Most of my work are small edits: correcting factual errors, improving style or grammar, adding redirects, sorting categories, etc.
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future?
 * A.I have been in a few edit conflicts, but nothing to get stressed about. In one case it was with an editor who was trying to promote a Futures trading system. I was trying to reach a consensus with him on a more general wording, but he chose to create a fork--a set of articles with his own version of things. I haven't seen him for a while here, but I joined a couple of editors working on merging his articles into the mainstream. In two other separate cases (Ethnic cleansing and Diaspora), an editor with an extreme POV was trying to use the article as their soapbox. Along with other regulars, we tried to find a common ground, but in both cases the editor dropped the issue. In one case (Tragedy of the commons) I reverted what I thought was an arbitrary blanking, only to face a rude editor who insisted on getting his way. I figured the change wasn't worth fighting over, and backed off. I wouldn't have done things any differently as an admin; if it's a conflict to which I am a side, I'd involve another admin and let them use their judgment. Generally, I would rather win someone over than defeat them.

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page. No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/OwenX


text:
Jamil el-Banna

Jamil Abdul Latif el-Banna (جميل عبد اللطيف البنا, Ǧamīl ʿAbdu 'l-Laṭīf al-Bannāʾ), born May 28, 1962, is a Jordanian of Palestinian origin, with refugee status in the United Kingdom, who had been living in north-west London. He was abducted in November 2002 by the CIA from the Gambia while on a business trip, and suffered extraordinary rendition to Bagram, Afghanistan, where he was held and interrogated by the CIA until March 2003. He was transferred to military custody at Guantanamo Bay detainment camp in March 2003, and held there until 19 December 2007.

Following his release, and subsequent return to the United Kingdom, Jamil el-Banna was arrested and questioned when arriving in London, on charges by a Spanish court. He was allowed bail. Spain dropped its charges in March 2008.

The Department of Defense reports that el-Banna was born on 28 May 1962, in Jericho, West Bank.

Early life and education
Jamil el-Banna was born in Jericho, West Bank in 1962. Soon after his birth, his family moved into Jordan, where they were housed at a refugee camp near Amman. Jamil dropped out of school at age 10, and fell into petty crime.

Legal resident in United Kingdom
In 1994, he made his way to the United Kingdom, where he successfully applied for refugee status. He lived in north-west London. Later, he worked for a friend's brother, who was setting up an edible oil (peanut) factory in the Gambia.

Jamil el-Banna's detention in The Gambia
Jamil, and Bisher al-Rawi flew to the Gambia to meet a shipment of machine parts to be used to set up an edible oil factory, which was owned by Bisher's brother. The two men, along with two others, were taken into custody by the National Intelligence Agency on their arrival at Banjul International Airport in the Gambia on 8 November 2002, purportedly on suspicion of alleged links to al-Qaeda, and advice from British security authorities. At first, the two men were under a kind of unofficial house arrest. They were not formally charged with any crimes under Gambian law. They were told that they would be released when their machinery had been checked to make sure it was not something that could be used for terrorism. They were not detained in a Gambian jail, but rather in a CIA 'snatch team' safe house, which was provided by American security officials. They were guarded by Gambians and interrogated by American agents.

In late December 2002, the CIA decided to transport them from the Gambia. The 'black team' that arrived to escort them wore black uniforms, and their faces were covered by black balaclavas. They cut the clothes from the detainees' bodies and bound them for transportation. The two men were illegally 'rendered' to Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan, where Jamil el-Banna was imprisoned underground in total darkness for weeks.

Once in the main area of the airbase prison, he met Moazzam Begg, a British citizen whose bookshop he had visited in England. Nicknamed 'Kenny Rogers', el-Banna once entertained American guards by singing half a verse of Coward of the County.

In March 2003, Jamil and Bisher al-Rawi were transferred to United States military custody at Guantanamo Bay detention camp.

Allegations of torture
The Guardian reported that Clive Stafford Smith, Jamil el-Banna's lawyer, said his client had participated in both the hunger strike that ended when the camp authorities made promises on 28 July 2005, and a second that started on 8 August. They were protesting the detention without charges, and abuses and mistreatment. Stafford Smith said that Jamil told him that one of the reasons for the second hunger strike was that guards were still searching through the prisoner's copies of the Qur'an by hand.

A December 2005 article in The Times repeated Jamil's claim that his American interrogators told him that MI5 had colluded in his extraordinary rendition.

The lawyers of Guantanamo Bay detainees have to hand in all their notes to the authorities, which consider them 'classified'. The lawyers may only examine their own notes in a single secure location near Washington, DC. The Times reported material from Stafford Smith's notes on conversations with his client, which were recently declassified: "In Cuba, one interrogator is alleged to have told el-Banna: 'Why are you angry at America? It is your government, Britain, the MI5, who called the CIA and told them you and Bisher were in Gambia and to come and get you. Britain gave everything to us.  Britain sold you out to the CIA.'"

Jamil el-Banna said that he was offered $10 million, and a US passport by US agents, if he would testify against Abu Qatada. According to The Times, he said: "When he refused, an interrogator told him: 'I am going to London . . . I am going to fuck your wife. Your wife is going to be my bitch. Maybe you'll never see your children again.'"

Contact with his family
El-Banna is married, and the father of five children. His youngest daughter was born after his abduction by the Gambians.

"Dear Sir Tony Blair, I am a boy called Anas Jamil el-Banna. I am 7 years old. Me and my four brothers are writing to you this letter from my heart because I miss my father. I am wishing that you can help me and my father. I am always asking mother, Where is my father, when will he come back? And my mother says I don't know.

Now I have started to know that my father is in prison in a place called Cuba and I don't know the reason why and I don't know where is Cuba. I hope that you can help me because I miss my father. Every night I think of my dad and I cry in a very low voice so that my mother doesn't hear, and I dream that he is coming home and gives me a big, big hug.

Every Eid I wait for my father to come back. I hope to God that you can help me to bring my daddy back to me. I don't want anything, I just want my daddy please.

Please Mr Blair can you bring my daddy back to me on this Eid. I wish you a happy life with your children in your house. Love Anas - 7 years old, Mohamed - 6 years, Abdulrahman - 4 years, Badeah - 3 years, Mariam - 9 months"

A 1 November 2006 article in the Willesden & Brent Times reported that el-Banna was allowed his first phone call to his wife on 19 October 2006, after four years' detention. At the time, it was rare for detainees to be allowed a phone call to their family. This phone call was el-Banna's first. It is not known why this concession was made, although el-Banna's MP, Sarah Teather, had previously asked US authorities to allow some contact.

According to el-Banna' wife: "He told me that when the prison guards led him away from his camp, he thought he was going to be interrogated again. He didn't even know he was going to speak to me, so hearing my voice was a complete shock to him."

Bisher al-Rawi's release
On 29 March 2007, UK Foreign Secretary Margaret Beckett, MP announced that the UK Government had negotiated the return from Guantanamo of el-Banna's traveling companion, Bisher al-Rawi, also a legal British resident. According to the Associated Press, Beckett issued a statement to Parliament: "We have now agreed with the U.S. authorities that Mr. al-Rawi will be returned to the U.K. shortly, as soon as the practical arrangements have been made. This decision follows extensive discussions to address the security implications of Mr. Al-Rawi's return. March 2007 UK Foreign Secretary Margaret Beckett"

Beckett's announcement did not refer to el-Banna, or the other remaining former UK residents who were still held in Guantanamo Bay. The cases of Jamil el-Banna and other former British legal residents have been controversial within the UK, as there was growing public sentiment for the government to seek their release. It had not acted for former residents as it had for British citizens. All the British nationals imprisoned at Guantanamo were freed before September 2004.

Release
On 7 August 2007, the United Kingdom government requested the release of Jamil el-Banna and four other foreign nationals who had been legal British residents. The UK government warned its public that the negotiations might take months. Jamil el-Banna was released from Guantanamo Bay on 18 November 2007, and flown back to Britain. On his return, he was detained under port and border controls and questioned. On 19 November, he was arrested under a Spanish extradition warrant for allegedly having been connected to al-Qaeda in Madrid. On 20 December, he was released on bail of £50,000, part of which was put up by actress Vanessa Redgrave; conditions of his bail include observing a curfew and wearing an electronic tag.

On his return, Omar Deghayes was also arrested and questioned, before appearing in court on a Spanish extradition warrant. He was freed on bail on 20 December, conditions of which include obeying a curfew and wearing an electronic tag.

On 6 March 2008, Spanish judge Baltasar Garzon dropped the extradition request on humanitarian grounds. Garzon based his decision on a medical examination made public on 12 February 2008. The report said el-Banna suffered from: "post-traumatic stress syndrome, severe depression, and suicidal tendencies. Garzon ruled the two men's mental health had deteriorated so badly it would be cruel to prosecute them.

Torture claims investigation
On 29 April 2009, Spanish investigating magistrate Baltazar Garzon initiated a formal investigation into whether confessions from Ikassrien, and three other former Guantanamo captives were the result of the use of abusive interrogation techniques. el-Banna and the other three men: Hamed Abderrahman Ahmed, Lahcen Ikassrien, and Omar Deghayes, had previously faced charges in Spanish courts, based on confessions they made while in US custody. The charges had been dropped based on their claims that their confessions were false and were the result of abusive interrogation techniques.

title: Jamil el-Banna


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jamil al Banna

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. H e rmione1980 22:05, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Jamil al Banna
nn ≈ jossi ≈ 01:54, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * keep - Jossi, you tagged this article with Afd within one minute of my creating it. I'd like to invite you to volunteer a reason for its deletion.  --  Geo Swan 02:20, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * He did: nn (non-notable). And by the way, this article is close to a speedy candidate for not asserting notability (WP:CSD A7), though that's debatable. This fellow's only claim to fame is being a prisoner (of which there are hundreds of thousands) and for being a refugee (of which there are also hundreds of thousands). Perhaps you should provide a reason that this should be kept, but that's just a thought. However, unless this article shows some display of notability, I'll say delete. --Blackcap | talk 06:39, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep due to Vizjim's research. Makes me wonder, though: why is it that there's always more information in an AfD than there is in the actual article? --Blackcap | talk 15:52, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Being a prisoner isn't notable enough for me, no matter at which prison. If Geo Swan can expand it then I may change my vote.  Wouldn't it be better for an article on UK detainees at Guantanamo summarising the prisoners as a whole? - Hahnchen 02:48, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Although I haven't personally checked the facts, I'll assume they are correct and he is indeed one of the few notable prisoners there. When I originally voted, there was nothing to distinguish him from other prisoners.  Nice work. - Hahnchen 17:15, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep. Jamil al Banna's case has been the cause of controversy (see ).  The only redirect that would make sense would be to an article called something like Foreign-born British residents without citizenship imprisoned at Guantánamo.  But even then the problem is that the citizenship issues for a Palestinian like al Banna are quit different from those such as Iraqi-born Bisher al-Rawi.  For this reason I would strongly favour having a separate page for each man, where details of their cases can be given.  The legal case around the internment of these men is the touchstone for formulations of international law in the last four years, and will probably help to define the concept of international law for another decade or more.  For that reason each individual case is highly notable and encyclopedic.  I've expanded the article a little, and would expect that this expansion will continue with input from more legally-minded contributors. Vizjim 10:13, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per Vizjim.  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  13:01, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Vizjim; he is not just one of "hundreds of thousands" of refugees and prisoners.--Kewp 14:48, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Emphatic Keep', totally agree with the vizster. james gibbon  17:46, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, certainly notable. -Splash talk 20:50, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, per Vizjim. >:  Roby Wayne  Talk •  Hist 23:13, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Vizjim. Loganberry (Talk) 00:19, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nomination. User:Zoe|(talk) 06:58, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Vizjim. Mushroom 20:57, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Do You Know Where You're Going To? (Theme from Mahogany) (Mariah Carey song)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus (12 keep, 7 delete, 4 merge). However, I did move the article to Do You Know Where You're Going To? (Theme from Mahogany) (Mariah Carey recording).  Rob e  rt  23:27, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Do You Know Where You're Going To? (Theme from Mahogany) (Mariah Carey song)
Article about a cover of a Diana Ross song. This song was not a hit in any country, and was not given a full release as a single. The article fails to establish any other notablility, and therefor the neccessity for a seperate article is questionable. Not even the orignal song has enough information availabel on it to honestly have its own article (this article was in fact written first, with only passing mention to the more notable original). The original version had a stub article which I have now merged and redirected to Mahogany (1975 film), where it reads better (well, at least I am trying to redirect it, although OmegaWikipedia seems intent on reverting the redirection, for unexplained reasons). Suggest a redirect for this article to the album, with summarization of article text. If and when someone wants to write one article about the composition and any notable recorded versions of it, and has enough information and established notablility to do so, it can be done. FuriousFreddy 01:54, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Mariah Carey's version of Do You Know Where You're Going To? (Theme from Mahogany) is far from a promotional recording. It was meant to be a full single, but there's a whole story behind it on why it got cancelled due to conflicts with other artists and with record labels. That's notability right there. If you merge or delete the article, thast information that will get lost. One article per song doesnt' look good. And in a prior attempt to merge songs over another article, most people commented that it did not look good OmegaWikipedia 12:56, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Singles get cancelled all the time. A single getting cancelled because of record-label politics does not establish notability. An article on this recording is overkill, a paragraph on an album article is more than enough. --FuriousFreddy 21:31, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Whereas I believe singles should have a place on wiki, I don't think promo recordings do. - Hahnchen 02:42, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep This is far from a promo recording. Please get your facts right OmegaWikipedia 02:58, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to album, as per WP:ALBUM. Jkelly 03:09, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Why not? Joaquin Murietta 07:28, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable; it's essentially fan-cruft. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 08:59, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd be fine with a merge, but Delete because otherwise my vote will be counted as a keep by some people. --fvw *  12:48, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. History provided by Omega above does not establish notability.  One or two sentences could be merged to artist's article if not already there.  Barno 15:12, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Ultimate Star Wars Freak 15:14, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, very rewarding article. This level of coverage is one of wikipedia's strengths. Kappa 16:45, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to Do You Know Where You're Going To? (Theme from Mahogany) (Mariah Carey recording) as Mariah didn't write this, only recorded it.  Un  focused  17:41, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with Kappa that this level of coverage is a strength of Wikipedia. I could understand the urge to merge this one, but the album article would be way too long that way. Keep where it is, or move and keep per Unfocused (I don't care much where it is, so long as it stays and doesn't clutter the main album article). --Jacquelyn Marie 21:50, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as above. If doing so would cause a consensus to be formed, this may also be interpreted as a "delete" or "redirect". --Carnildo 21:51, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. You will not be removing this article. It may fail to deliver much information, but it is still a part of the Mariah Carey discography. Winnermario 22:41, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * But "part of the Mariah Carey discography" isn't grounds for keeping an article in Wikipedia. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 22:46, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Winnermario, your tone is improper and unappreciated. --FuriousFreddy 01:06, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I appreciate his tone. --Anittas 06:11, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. --Anittas 06:11, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nonexistant recording. Winnermario, watch your Wikiquette.  User:Zoe|(talk) 07:02, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep --Musicpvm 07:53, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Number 1's (Mariah Carey album), per Jkelly. Extraordinary Machine 11:20, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or merge and redirect. Not notable enough to have a separate article. Phronima 13:38, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It was released as a single and had remixes. We have articles about all Mariah singles. It would mess up their chronology if this article were deleted. Alensha 15:17, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "It would mess up their chronology if this article were deleted." How? --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 16:19, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * There's an infobox in the singles' articles. Each of them links to the previous single and the next single. It would look odd if it linked to the article of an album or different song, ad those couldn't include the singles' infobox. Alensha 11:53, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * A redirect to the single's album easily solves that problem. It also ads the benefit of a ombined album/single chronology. --FuriousFreddy 14:32, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge with album article. -Sean Curtin 00:16, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP : Mariah's singles are an important part of knowing the work she has accomplished throughout the years. Why delete this page? What have we got to lose? I think that having the most information as possible about a singer, like Mariah Carey in this case, should be keeped if possible. I suggest to build a Mariah page and Diana Ross page of the both songs and put links between each other!Mczelda 04:46, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This user's fifteenth edit, of which three have been to (Mariah Carey) articles and five to other AfDs on Carey sngles. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 11:08, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, don't merge. Everyking 07:42, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or merge. Individual recordings of songs are intrinsically non-notable. Susvolans ⇔ 16:52, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Do not request for deletion just because you do not like an artist. DrippingInk 20:00, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * WHere do people get the idea that I nominated this because I supposedly don't like Mariah Carey? --FuriousFreddy 19:13, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It has too much text to be merged anywhere. "The song" section could be in the article about the original song, though. You could describe in this article instead, how the version differs from the original recording. I believe that all singles by notable artists or bands are notable, and the articles about them should be kept, if they have enough text. -Hapsiainen 11:07, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * A bloated article does not neccessitate a merge. --FuriousFreddy 19:13, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I think that the article has enough substance, and I couldn't find any bloat. (I counted and classified the paragraphs in my head before I made my vote.) You can judge from my comment that I at least read the article caryfully, otherwise I couldn't have offerred detailed ideas about its further development. -Hapsiainen 14:45, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Maianthemum

Maianthemum includes the former genus Smilacina and is a genus of perennial herbaceous flowering plants with fleshy, persistent rhizomes. It is widespread across much of North America, Europe and Asia,   and may be terrestrial, aquatic or epiphytic. It is characterized by simple, unbranched stems that are upright, leaning or hanging down and have 2–17 foliage leaves. Leaves are simple and may clasp the stem or be short-petiolate. The inflorescence is terminal and either a panicle or a raceme with few to many pedicelate flowers. Most species have 6 tepals and 6 stamens; a few have parts in 4s. Tepals are distinct in most species and all of similar size. Flowers are spreading, cup-shaped or bell-shaped and usually white, but lavender to red or green in some species. Fruits are rounded to lobed berries containing few to several seeds.

Vegetative
Rhizomes are persistent and have scale leaves. They can be sympodial; spreading and thread-like, or cylindric, clumped and fleshy. Maianthemum paludicola has an unusual woody, upright sympodial rhizome set above ground. Roots may be spread along the rhizome, clumped at the nodes, or clumped near the base of leafy shoots. The rhizome is the perennial part of the plant and growth is by branching of the rhizome. Flowering/fruiting shoots are attached to the rhizome by a discreet internode, are short-lived and wither at the end of the growing season. The stems are unbranched and pendant to arching or upright. Fertile plants have 2 to 17 or more stem (cauline) leaves (arising from the stem) that are alternate along the stem. Most species produce fertile shoots seasonally. A few species such as Maianthemum canadense and Maianthemum dilatatum also have a vegetative phase, producing a solitary leaf on sterile shoots; plants may continue in this vegetative phase for up to six years. Maianthemum trifolium produces two petiolate foliage leaves the first year, then a flowering shoot the second year with 2-4 sessile leaves. In most species, leaves have a large midvein, dividing the leaves in half, then each half is again divided by a slightly smaller vein; each quarter again divided by progressively finer veins. The resulting pattern is that the leaves have three prominent veins, and adjacent veins are of different diameters. A few species, such as Maianthemum stellatum, have leaves with veins that are often all of roughly the same diameter. Leaf edges may be flat or wavy (undulate) and sometimes have small, outward-pointing teeth.
 * Rhizomes and roots
 * Stems and leaves

Reproductive
The inflorescence is either a panicle or a raceme with few to many pedicellate flowers. Racemes may be simple (one flower per node) or complex (some nodes with 2 or more flowers). Panicles may be few- to many-branched and the branches themselves are often racemose. A few Asian species such as Maianthemum henryi have a main axis with fully extended racemose branches at lower nodes and upper nodes with clustered flowers. The type and pattern of inflorescence is the most useful feature to separate Maianthemum species. The flowers are actinomorphic (radially symmetric) and relatively small. The perianth in most species has six tepals, in two whorls of three (trimerous). Maianthemum canadense, Maianthemum dilatatum, and Maianthemum bifolium however are dimerous, with 4-tepaled flowers. Tepals are greenish, or white to pink or mauve in most species, but are a deep purple in Maianthemum purpureum and may have purple spots in ''Maianthemum gigas var. gigas''. The tepals in most species are free (not fused), all of a similar size and flowers are spreading to cup-shaped. Some Asian species such as Maianthemum henryi have bell-shaped (campanulate) flowers with partially fused tepals. The flowers are usually bisexual, containing both male (androecium) and female (gynoecium) parts, although two species from Japan, Maianthemum hondoense and Maianthemum yesoense, are reported to be unisexual. The ovaries are superior (attached above the other floral parts) and are spherical to cylindrical. The pistil has two or three carpels separated by walls with nectar-carrying canals. Styles are narrow (< 5mm wide) and about as long as the ovary. Stigmas are lobed and slightly wider than the style. Stamens are 4 or 6 and usually inserted at the base of the tepals, but may be inserted about 1 mm above, as in Maianthemum flexuosum. Anthers are cylindrical and split longitudinally. The berry is globose and often lobed. Berries ripen to red. In most species unripe berries are green or green mottled with red or copper. In some, e.g. Maianthemum stellatum the immature berries have dark stipes. The seeds are usually few and spherical but in some species may be conical.
 * Inflorescence
 * Flowers
 * Gynoecium
 * Androecium
 * Fruit and seeds

Taxonomy
The current concept includes species that were previously divided into 2 closely related genera; Maianthemum, including dimerous species and Smilacina for the trimerous ones. Studies in the 1970s showed strong genetic similarity, similar fruits, and evidence that the 4-tepal species evolved from a 6-tepal species, so the genus Smilacina was combined with Maianthemum.

Phylogeny
In the APG III classification system, Maianthemum is placed in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Nolinoideae (formerly the family Ruscaceae). Like many lilioid monocots, Maianthemum (including the former Smilacina) were formerly included in the family Liliaceae. The genus has also been placed in the former family Convallariaceae, and resembles the closely related Polygonatum, hence the common name "false Solomon's seal".

Etymology
Maianthemum comes from the Greek for "May" (maios) and “flower” (Anthos).

Distribution and habitat
The genus is widespread across much of North America, Europe and Asia,

Ecology
The majority of species are spring-flowering forest herbs, requiring shaded, moist conditions and cool temperatures. Some however (e.g. Maianthemum monteverdense) are epiphytes. Others such as Maianthemum stellatum grow in diverse habitats from sand dunes to forest under-stories. And Maianthemum trifolium and Maianthemum paludicola are found in full sun in open wetlands. M. trifolium is sometimes considered aquatic. The species that are forest herbs generally begin growth in early spring, with leaves expanding before the tree canopy fully develops. Epiphytic tropical species usually grow new shoots in the dry season.

Conservation
Many of the North American Maianthemum are widespread and relatively common. Several though are considered endemic to the wider “Mesomexico”. Maianthemum comaltepecense is a rare perennial, terrestrial herb found as an understory species in moist forests, known only from Oaxaca, Mexico, and endemic to southwest Mexico.

Species
Species accepted:

 * 1) Maianthemum amoenum (H.L.Wendl.) LaFrankie – Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz)
 * 2) Maianthemum atropurpureum (Franch.) LaFrankie – Sichuan, Yunnan
 * 3) Maianthemum bicolor (Nakai) Cubey – Korea
 * 4) Maianthemum bifolium  (L.) F.W.Schmidt – northern and central Europe and northern Asia from Spain to Kamchatka; China, Japan, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Germany, Italy, Ukraine, etc
 * 5) Maianthemum canadense Desf. – St. Pierre and Miquelon, much of eastern USA and all provinces and territories in Canada except Nunavut
 * 6) Maianthemum comaltepecense Espejo, López-Ferr. & Ceja – Mexico (Oaxaca)
 * 7) Maianthemum dahuricum  (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) LaFrankie – Siberia, Russian Far East, Manchuria, Inner Mongolia, Korea
 * 8) Maianthemum dilatatum (Alph.Wood) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr. – Mongolia, Korea, Japan, Russian Far East, Alaska, Yukon, British Columbia, Washington, Idaho, Oregon, California
 * 9) Maianthemum flexuosum (Bertol.) LaFrankie – Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Veracruz), El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
 * 10) Maianthemum formosanum (Hayata) LaFrankie – Taiwan
 * 11) Maianthemum forrestii  (W.W.Sm.) LaFrankie – Yunnan
 * 12) Maianthemum fusciduliflorum (Kawano) S.C.Chen & Kawano – Tibet, Yunnan, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar
 * 13) Maianthemum fuscum  (Wall.) LaFrankie – Nepal, Tibet, Yunnan, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar
 * 14) Maianthemum gigas (Woodson) LaFrankie – Mexico (Chiapas), Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, and Nicaragua
 * 15) Maianthemum gongshanense (S.Yun Liang) H.Li – Yunnan
 * 16) Maianthemum henryi (Baker) LaFrankie – Vietnam, Myanmar, Tibet, southern China
 * 17) Maianthemum hondoense (Ohwi) LaFrankie – Honshu
 * 18) Maianthemum × intermedium Vorosch. – Siberia, Russian Far East (M. bifolium × M. dilatatum)
 * 19) Maianthemum japonicum (A.Gray) LaFrankie – Russian Far East, Japan, Korea, northeastern China
 * 20) Maianthemum lichiangense (W.W.Sm.) LaFrankie – Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan
 * 21) Maianthemum macrophyllum (M.Martens & Galeotti) LaFrankie – Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca)
 * 22) Maianthemum mexicanum García Arév – Mexico (Durango, Sinaloa)
 * 23) Maianthemum monteverdense LaFrankie – Nicaragua, Costa Rica
 * 24) Maianthemum nanchuanense  H.Li & J.L.Huang – Sichuan
 * 25) Maianthemum oleraceum  (Baker) LaFrankie – Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar, Tibet, Sikkim, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan
 * 26) Maianthemum paludicola LaFrankie – Costa Rica
 * 27) Maianthemum paniculatum (M.Martens & Galeotti) LaFrankie – Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla and Veracruz), Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Panamá
 * 28) Maianthemum purpureum (Wall.) LaFrankie – Tibet, Yunnan, Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, Assam (also called Himalayan Mayflower or Purple Mayflower)
 * 29) Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link – All USA states, all Canadian provinces and territories (except Nunavut and Labrador) and Mexico (Chihuahua)
 * 30) Maianthemum robustum (Makino & Honda) LaFrankie – Honshu
 * 31) Maianthemum salvinii (Baker) LaFrankie – Mexico (Chiapas), Guatemala
 * 32) Maianthemum scilloideum (M.Martens & Galeotti) LaFrankie – Mexico (Chiapas, Coahuila, Guerrero, Michoacán, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla and Veracruz), Guatemala, Honduras
 * 33) Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link – Most states in USA (except those southeast of New Mexico), all Canadian provinces and territories (except Nunavut and Labrador) and in the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León and Sonoroa; introduced in Norway, Sweden
 * 34) Maianthemum stenolobum (Franch.) S.C.Chen & Kawano – Sichuan, Gansu, Hubei
 * 35) Maianthemum szechuanicum  (F.T.Wang & Tang) H.Li – Sichuan, Yunnan
 * 36) Maianthemum tatsienense (Franch.) LaFrankie – Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan
 * 37) Maianthemum trifolium (L.) Sloboda – Siberia, Russian Far East to North Korea, St. Pierre and Miquelon, all Canadian provinces and territories, northeastern United States
 * 38) Maianthemum tubiferum (Batalin) LaFrankie – Gansu, Hubei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan
 * 39) Maianthemum yesoense (Franch. & Sav.) LaFrankie – Japan

title: Maianthemum


text: Talk:CKIS-FM

title: Talk:CKIS-FM


text: Talk:CJDJ-FM

title: Talk:CJDJ-FM


text:
COMSOL Multiphysics

COMSOL Multiphysics is a finite element analyzer, solver, and simulation software package for various physics and engineering applications, especially coupled phenomena and multiphysics. The software facilitates conventional physics-based user interfaces and coupled systems of partial differential equations (PDEs). COMSOL Multiphysics provides an IDE and unified workflow for electrical, mechanical, fluid, acoustics, and chemical applications.

Beside the classical problems that can be addressed with application modules, the core Multiphysics package can be used to solve PDEs in weak form. An API for Java and MATLAB can be used to control the software externally. The program also serves as an application builder for physics applications. Several modules are available for COMSOL, categorized according to the applications areas of Electrical, Mechanical, Fluid, Acoustic, Chemical, Multipurpose, and Interfacing.

title: COMSOL Multiphysics


text:
Tony Chebatoris

Anthony Chebatoris (May 10, 1898 – July 8, 1938) was a Russian-born bank robber and convicted murderer who is the only person to be executed in the U.S. state of Michigan since it gained statehood in 1837. Although Michigan abolished capital punishment for murder in 1847, Chebatoris was tried under the new Federal Bank Robbery Act of 1934, which made bank robbery and its related offenses federal crimes, beyond state jurisdiction.

With another new federal law requiring Chebatoris's execution to take place in Michigan, governor Frank Murphy, citing Michigan's longstanding "civilized record" of not inflicting capital punishment within its borders, petitioned President Franklin D. Roosevelt to commute Chebatoris's sentence to life in prison. With no legal basis to do so, Roosevelt refused, and Chebatoris was subsequently hanged at Federal Correctional Institution, Milan, a federal prison near Milan, Michigan.

Early life
Anthony Chebatoris was born on May 10, 1898, in the Suwałki Governorate of the Russian Empire, a predominantly Lithuanian area which lies in modern-day Poland. His father, Michael Chebatoris (né Czebatorius) immigrated to the United States from Suwałki in advance of his wife Victoria and two sons in 1900. In 1902, the family settled in Treveskyn, an unincorporated area of South Fayette Township, Pennsylvania, where Michael worked as a coal miner and the family eventually grew to seven children.

Chebatoris attended school through the eighth grade and worked as a laborer before moving to Detroit in 1919, where he found employment as a chauffeur. On March 30, 1920, he married 17-year-old Catherine Boyd, who was four months pregnant with their daughter Vera. On July 20, 1920, Chebatoris was convicted of armed robbery of a Packard cashier in Detroit and faced a maximum sentence of twenty years behind bars, but was paroled after serving six-and-a-half years at Jackson State Prison. In 1927, he was arrested for violating the Dyer Act in Louisville, Kentucky, and was re-imprisoned at Jackson to serve his full sentence for armed robbery. In 1928, Chebatoris and fellow inmate John "Jack" Gracey conspired to escape from Jackson and were consequently transferred to Marquette Branch Prison in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Chebatoris was released from prison in December 1935 and moved back to his hometown of Treveskyn, Pennsylvania, where he was quickly sought by police in Washington County on suspicion of burglary and assault.

By 1937, Chebatoris had spent fifteen of his previous seventeen years incarcerated. He had not seen his wife since 1920 and had never met his daughter. He had moved back to Detroit and become reacquainted with fellow ex-convict Jack Gracey, who lived in nearby Hamtramck and was formulating plans for a bank robbery.

Robbery and murder
On September 29, 1937, Chebatoris and Gracey enacted their plan to rob the Chemical State Savings Bank at 317 East Main Street in downtown Midland, Michigan; the bi-weekly Dow Chemical payroll of $75,000 ensured the bank would be flush with cash. Gracey entered the bank at 11:30 a.m. with a sawed-off shotgun while Chebatoris guarded the door with a revolver. Gracey approached 65-year-old bank president Clarence H. Macomber and shoved the shotgun into his ribs. Macomber grabbed the barrel of the weapon, pointing it downward, and began to push the 29-year-old Gracey toward the door until Chebatoris shot Macomber in the shoulder. Paul D. Bywater, the bank's cashier, approached the counter after hearing the commotion, and Chebatoris shot him in the back above the hip, wounding him critically. Both Macomber and Bywater would survive their injuries.

Aborting the robbery, the gunmen fled the bank, got in their black two-door Ford with Chebatoris behind the wheel, and began to drive away. Dr. Frank L. Hardy, whose second-floor dental practice was adjacent to the bank building, heard the gunshots and used a hunting rifle to fire at the getaway car from his office window as it sped south toward the Benson Street bridge out of town. One of Hardy's shots hit Chebatoris's left arm; another hit Gracey's right leg. After the Ford careened into a parked car, Chebatoris and Gracey exited the vehicle, looking for the source of the shots. Truck driver Henry J. Porter of Bay City, a bystander whose cap and uniform were mistaken for those of a police officer, was shot and mortally wounded by Chebatoris. Hardy fired again, hitting Gracey in the elbow, and when Gracey tried to commandeer a truck, Hardy fatally shot him in the head from a distance of 150 yd. Chebatoris fled along nearby railroad tracks and attempted to hijack an automobile, but was apprehended by road repairman Richard Van Orden and Midland County Sheriff Ira M. Smith.

Trial
The Great Depression saw a sharp increase in the frequency and sophistication of bank robberies in the United States, and robbers fleeing across state lines introduced jurisdictional issues for law enforcement. In response, Congress passed the Federal Bank Robbery Act of 1934, which made it a federal crime to rob a federally-organized or federally-insured bank. It also made it a federal crime to cause the death of a person while committing or fleeing from such a crime. On October 8, 1937, a federal grand jury indicted Chebatoris for bank robbery and the assaults on Macomber, Bywater, and Porter, but when Porter died from his gunshot wound on October 11, Chebatoris was also indicted for murder. Though pleading guilty to the initial charges, Chebatoris stood mute during the murder indictment, and the case went to trial. Chebatoris was the first person to be tried for murder under the newly-passed bank robbery law.

The trial opened in United States District Court in Bay City on October 26, 1937, with Judge Arthur J. Tuttle presiding. At Tuttle's request, Chebatoris was represented pro bono by veteran Bay City attorneys Dell H. Thompson and James K. Brooker. United States Attorney John C. Lehr, arguing for the prosecution, made it clear that a death sentence was a possibility: "You have been told that there is no capital punishment in Michigan . . . you are in Federal territory here. The laws of Michigan do not apply. The Federal law is that capital punishment may be inflicted," he told the jury. On October 28, 1937, Chebatoris was found guilty of murder under section 588c of the Federal Bank Robbery Act, and the jury, which had the option to bestow a death sentence, did so. After returning to his cell at the Saginaw County Jail, Chebatoris attempted suicide by slashing his throat and wrists with a razor blade, but survived after quick action by jail officials. Unusually, Chebatoris made no appeal of his sentence; according to his attorneys, he asked, "Why appeal? I'm only half a man now. The government might as well finish me off."

Execution
A federal law passed in June 1937 required that federal executions take place in the state where the offense occurred for all states that allowed capital punishment. This seemingly excluded Michigan, which had abolished capital punishment for murder in 1847—it was the first English-speaking government in the world to do so—and had never inflicted capital punishment since achieving statehood in 1837. Indeed, Judge Tuttle told reporters that if sentenced to death, Chebatoris would "not die in Michigan" because federal capital punishment "may not be effected in states where the death penalty is not operative." Immediately after the trial, Illinois prison officials offered their services to the federal government, and U.S. Attorney General Homer S. Cummings said he would recommend that state or Indiana to Judge Tuttle if consulted in choosing a site. On November 10, 1937, however, U.S. Attorney Lehr discovered that Michigan retained a little-known death penalty statute for treason against the state, thus satisfying the requirement of the federal law and fixing Michigan as the state of execution.

Consequently, Michigan governor Frank Murphy sought to prevent Chebatoris's execution, despite a lack of jurisdiction and considerable public opposition. "Everyone knows [Chebatoris] is guilty," Murphy said. "I'm trying to prevent the federal government from erecting a scaffold and hanging a man in my state, where it hasn't been done in 108 years." Murphy appealed to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, requesting Chebatoris's sentence be commuted to life imprisonment. Sympathetic to the situation, Roosevelt consulted Assistant Attorney General Joseph B. Keenan, who saw no justification for commutation, but said the Justice Department would not object if Judge Tuttle found legal means to move the execution to another state. Tuttle remained steadfast, however, stating that there was no ambiguity in what the law required, and that he had "neither the power nor the inclination to change the sentence." His legal avenues exhausted, Murphy stated that the execution was "a blot on Michigan's civilized record."

Chebatoris was subsequently hanged at the Federal Detention Farm outside Milan, Michigan, on July 8, 1938. The previous day, he had been visited by his now ex-wife Catherine, daughter Vera, and son-in-law Arthur Jackson. The next morning, he left his cell at 5:04 and began the walk to the purpose-built gallows accompanied by Rev. Fr. Lee Laige, who recited prayers. Chebatoris plunged through the trap door at 5:08 a.m. and was pronounced dead thirteen minutes later. Chebatoris was interred at Marble Park Cemetery in York Township after a Catholic ceremony attended by two brothers and a sister.

title: Tony Chebatoris