text:
Santa Rosa High School (Santa Rosa, California)

Santa Rosa High School (SRHS) is a secondary school located in Santa Rosa, California. It is part of the Santa Rosa City High School District, which is itself part of Santa Rosa City Schools. Santa Rosa High School has 1,991 students as of the 2017-2018 school year.

History
SRHS was the only public high school for Santa Rosa from 1874 to 1958. Santa Rosa Junior College (SRJC), located on the adjacent property, was actually a part of Santa Rosa High School from 1918 to 1927.

The school had several locations. The previous location on Humboldt Street burned to the ground in 1921. The school was moved to its current location and opened in 1924. The school's current Brick Gothic design was created by W. H. Weeks in 1922.

In 2011, Santa Rosa High School received the California Distinguished School and the California Career Technical Awards.

In 2015, Santa Rosa High School received the California Gold Ribbon Award, which replaced the California Distinguished Schools Award as the highest award a school can receive from the state of California.

Nevers Field
Ernie Nevers attended Santa Rosa High School, where he excelled in football. In 1920, as a senior, he led the team to the NCS Championships. He went on to attend Stanford University, and play for the Duluth Eskimos and the Chicago Cardinals of the National Football League. In 1925 the football field at Santa Rosa High School was renamed Nevers Field in his honor. In 2004, just in time for the homecoming game, a $2 million refurbishment of Nevers Field was completed. The improvements included an artificial turf, an all-weather 8-lane track, new bleachers, a snack bar and ticket booth, restrooms, and lights for night games.

Sports
Santa Rosa High School has a wide variety of athletic programs and competes in the 5-A North Bay League of the North Coast Section of the California Interscholastic Federation. The teams are known as the Santa Rosa Panthers. Sports offered include football, volleyball, cross country, tennis, golf, basketball, wrestling, soccer, baseball, softball, track and field, badminton, and swimming. The cross country varsity boys team was the undefeated league champions, a record of 7-0, in the 2008-2009 season. In the 2016 swim season, both men's and women's varsity teams were undefeated with 7-0 records. In the 2017 school season, the boys team was similarly undefeated.

ArtQuest
ArtQuest is a magnet program for Santa Rosa High School that allows students to take classes with a focus on the arts. ArtQuest has specialty course work in visual fine arts, dance, theatre arts, photography, instrumental and vocal music, digital arts, and video. It was awarded the prestigious Jack London Award for Educational Excellence.

School Newspaper
Santa Rosa High School has a journalism class that produces newspapers about once a month. Entitled The Santa Rosan, it has consistently won awards at the annual Press Democrat competition, among others, and in 2012 won second overall.

Clubs
Santa Rosa High School has several student-organized and teacher-supervised clubs, ranging from many different subjects. Some of the groups include anime club, arts and writing club, chess club, debate club, Gay-Straight Alliance (GSA), InterKey, math club, National Honor Society (NHS), and the writer's group.

Foundation
The Santa Rosa High School Foundation is a group of alumni who take an active interest in SRHS. The Foundation helps raise money for school programs and other services.

In popular culture
Santa Rosa High School was used for several Hollywood movies, including Peggy Sue Got Married (1986) and Inventing the Abbotts (1997).

Director Wes Craven applied for the use of Santa Rosa High School and reached a verbal agreement with the principal of the school for the filming of his 1996 horror film Scream. Just days before filming was to begin, the school board denied permission for the use of the school. In response, following the listing of organizations and individuals whom the filmmakers wished to thank in the closing credits of Scream, Craven included the note, "No thanks whatsoever to the Santa Rosa City School District Governing Board".

Notable alumni

 * Morgan Bertsch (born 1997), basketball player
 * Doug Camilli (born 1936), baseball catcher
 * Efren Carrillo, two-time member of the Sonoma County Board of Supervisors
 * Tim Cossins (born 1970), baseball coach
 * Gabe Cramer (born 1994), Israeli-Canadian-American baseball pitcher
 * Brett E. Crozier, class of 1988, United States Navy Captain
 * Daniel Farrands, class of 1987, producer and screenwriter of Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers and The Haunting in Connecticut
 * Chuck Girard, class of 1961, rock and roll recording artist, Love Song
 * Herbert N. Hultgren, Professor of Medicine (Cardiovascular) Emeritus, Stanford Medical School, high-altitude medicine pioneer and researcher
 * Kevin Kwan Loucks, class of 2000, CEO of Chamber Music America; co-founder of Chamber Music OC; member of classical music ensemble Trio Céleste
 * Hector Andres Negroni, Air Force fighter pilot, aerospace defense executive, historian
 * Ernie Nevers, Pro Football Hall of Fame fullback who played for Duluth Eskimos and Chicago Cardinals of National Football League, major league baseball player
 * Robert Ripley, cartoonist and creator of Ripley's Believe It or Not!
 * Rolando Toyos, ophthalmologist who developed intense pulsed light treatment for eye conditions
 * Peter Schmidt, class of 1961, archaeologist of Africa, fellow of World Academy of Art and Science, Professor of Anthropology—Brown University and University of Florida. Author and editor of 15 books on African archaeology and heritage.

Notable faculty

 * Edward Von der Porten (1933-2018) early nautical archaeologist; expert on Sir Francis Drake's visit to New Albion in 1579; expert in early Chinese export porcelains; author on the German Navy in WW II, Francis Drake and Chinese porcelains. Led efforts leading to the Drakes Bay National Historic and Archeological National Historic Landmark in 2012.


text:
Talk:Eastern Market station

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 15:26, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Eastern Market station. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100113082838/http://wmata.com/about_metro/docs/metrofacts.pdf to http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/docs/metrofacts.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:23, 19 December 2016 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Eastern Market station


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Far From Words

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Result:Delete -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 01:35, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Far From Words
Doesn't seem to meet WP:MUSIC. 202.156.6.60 23:11, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No assertion of notability. Quicksandish τκ 23:58, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete agree with nom -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 01:04, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 01:13, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:69.196.174.17

title: User talk:69.196.174.17


text:
Zeta Aquilae

Zeta Aquilae, or ζ Aquilae, is a binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Aquila. It is readily visible with the naked eye, being of the third magnitude. Based on parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, it is approximately 83 ly distant from the Sun. It is a candidate member of the TW Hydrae association of co-moving stars.

Zeta Aquilae's two components can be designated Zeta Aquilae A (officially named Okab, the traditional name for the system) and B. Zeta Aquilae has a number of companions listed and together they are designated WDS J19054+1352. As the primary star of this group, Zeta Aquilae also bears the designation WDS J19054+1352A. The companions are then designated WDS J19054+1352B, C, D and E.

Nomenclature
ζ Aquilae, Latinised to Zeta Aquilae, is the binary's Bayer designation. The designations of the two components as Zeta Aquilae A and B derive from the convention used by the Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) for multiple star systems, and adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). WDS J19054+1352 is the entry of the wider system of which Zeta Aquilae is a member in the Washington Double Star Catalog.

Zeta and Epsilon Aquilae together bore the traditional name Deneb el Okab, from an Arabic term ذنب العقاب Dhanab al-ʽuqāb "the tail of the eagle", which they mark (Aquila is Latin for 'eagle'). In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN decided to attribute proper names to individual stars rather than entire multiple systems. It approved the name Okab for the component Zeta Aquilae A on 1 June 2018 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.

Epsilon and Zeta Aquilae also bore the Mandarin names Woo and Yuë, derived from and representing the old states Wú (吳) (located at the mouth of the Yangtze River) and Yuè (越) (in Zhejiang province).

In the catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, Zeta Aquilae was designated Dzeneb al Tair (from the Arabic ذنب الطائر ðanab aṭ-ṭā’ir), which was translated into Latin as Cauda (Vulturis) Volantis, meaning the eagle's tail.

In Chinese, 天市左垣 (Tiān Shì Zuǒ Yuán), meaning Left Wall of Heavenly Market Enclosure, refers to an asterism which represents eleven old states in China and is marking the left borderline of the enclosure, consisting of Zeta Aquilae; Delta, Lambda, Mu, Omicron and 112 Herculis; Theta¹ and Eta Serpentis; Nu Ophiuchi, Xi Serpentis and Eta Ophiuchi. Consequently, the Chinese name for Zeta Aquilae itself is 天市左垣六 (Tiān Shì Zuǒ Yuán liù, the Sixth Star of Left Wall of Heavenly Market Enclosure), representing the state mentioned above.

Properties
The primary, designated component A, has a stellar classification of A0 Vn, with the luminosity class 'V' indicating is a main sequence star that is generating energy through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen at its core. It has more than double the mass and twice the radius of the Sun, and is radiating more than 39 times the Sun's luminosity. The effective temperature of the star's outer envelope is about 9620 K, which gives it the white hue typical of A-type stars. The estimated age of this star is 50–150 million years.

The primary is rotating nearly edge-on, with an inclination (with respect to the plane of sky) of 85°. It is rotating rapidly, with a projected rotational velocity of 317 km s−1 giving a lower bound on the azimuthal velocity along the equator. As a result, it has a pronounced equatorial bulge, causing the star to assume an oblate spheroidal shape. The equatorial radius is about 30.7% greater than the polar radius. Because of the Doppler effect, this rapid rotation makes the absorption lines in the star's spectrum broaden and smear out, as indicated by the 'n' suffix in the stellar class. It likely exhibits differential rotation along different latitudes.

Astronomers use Zeta Aquilae as a telluric standard star. That is, the spectrum of this star is used to correct for telluric contamination from the Earth's atmosphere when examining the spectra of neighboring stars. Observation of this star in the infrared band during the 2MASS survey appeared to reveal excess emission. However, the distribution of this emission couldn't be readily explained by a conjectured disk of circumstellar dust. Instead, the detection was later ascribed to errors caused by saturation of the near-infrared detectors.

Companions
The primary forms a binary star system with component B. This is a magnitude 12.0 star at an angular separation of $9,620$ along a position angle of 46°, as of 2009. The pair have a projected separation of $−0.52$. The secondary has an estimated mass equal to one half the mass of the Sun. The 16th magnitude star WDS J19054+1352E is also considered to be a co-moving companion with a mass of, at a projected separation of $100$ from the primary.

The Washington Double Star Catalog lists a second 12th magnitude star at 160" (WDS J19054+1352C) plus an 11th magnitude star separated by 200" (WDS J19054+1352D). The Catalog of Components of Double and Multiple Stars lists the two 12th magnitude companions at 6.5" and 160".

title: Zeta Aquilae


text:
Talk:Potomac Avenue station

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 16:02, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Franconia–Springfield (WMATA station) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 19:15, 23 December 2014 (UTC)

Requested move 06 April 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: no consensus. As such we default to the previous stable title before the undiscussed moves, in this case it's the last time we got a consensus which means it will be moved to Potomac Ave Station per the outcome of Talk:Franconia–Springfield Station. No prejudice against a new RM as long it focuses solely on the issue of Ave v Avenue. Anymore discussion about the capitalisation should be done at a project/MoS level. Jenks24 (talk) 23:15, 14 June 2015 (UTC)

Potomac Avenue station → Potomac Avenue Station – No consensus to un-capitalize "Station", based on Talk:Greenbelt Station, Wikipedia talk:USSTATION, and ANI. --Relisted. Steel1943  (talk) 14:52, 20 May 2015 (UTC) – Epic Genius (talk) 20:22, 6 April 2015 (UTC)
 * This is a contested technical request (permalink). Anthony Appleyard (talk) 04:58, 7 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Other cases of Station/station have caused arguments. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 05:02, 7 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose. This article is exactly where it ought to be (speaking as the original author of what became WP:USSTATION, though I haven't been involved in a while). Foo station. Couldn't be simpler or easier understand. Mackensen (talk) 11:28, 7 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Support. This article was moved against the lack of consensus at WT:USSTATION. A RM request was recently closed as "no consensus" at Talk:Greenbelt Station, but a user,, moved the article anyway, along with 60 or so other articles. Epic Genius (talk) 12:11, 7 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment: This naming convention is being talked about at a request for comment at WT:USSTATION. Epic Genius (talk) 00:44, 19 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose "Station" is not part of the formal name of the station, so it should be in lowercase. --Scott Alter (talk) 21:35, 26 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose One image includes the word "Station" in the name, but nevertheless, the name of this one and all Washington Metro stations should be "**** (WMATA station)." -User:DanTD (talk) 22:29, 11 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Support per Epic Genius. This is a proper name. Furthermore, on procedural grounds, this was moved contrary to consensus by a since-blocked editor. --BDD (talk) 17:28, 13 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Support. It's a proper name and there was never a consenus to move the page to this title with the lowercase station. Calidum T|C 22:36, 28 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose naming convention is for articles to end in "station" or "railway station", not "Station" or "Railway Station". Mjroots (talk) 20:49, 29 May 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Potomac Avenue station


text:
Namioka Station

Namioka Station (浪岡駅) is a railway station located in the city of Aomori, Aomori Prefecture, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

Lines
Namioka Station is served by the Ōu Main Line, and is located 462.1 km from the southern terminus of the line at Fukushima.

Station layout
The station has one side platform and one island platform serving three tracks, connected to the station building by a footbridge. The station has a reserved seat ticket vending machine.

Route bus

 * Aomori municipal Bus
 * For Aomori Station via Daishaka and Shinjō
 * For Aomori Station via Aomori Airport
 * Konan Bus
 * For Kuroishi Station via Hongō
 * For Kuroishi Station via Tobinai and Mayajiri

History
Namioka Station was opened on 7 December 1894 as a station on the Japanese Government Railway, the predecessor to the Japanese National Railways (JNR) in former Namioka village. With the privatization of the JNR on 1 April 1987, it came under the operational control of JR East. A new station building was completed in November 2009.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2018, the station was used by an average of 942 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

Surrounding area

 * Namioka post office
 * Aomori city hall Namioka office
 * Namioka onsen
 * Namioka onsen

title: Namioka Station


text:
Talk:Stadium–Armory station

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 16:09, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Franconia–Springfield (WMATA station) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 19:15, 23 December 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stadium–Armory station


text:
User:Kgf0/Hodgson

Keith Hodgson is an American particle physicist. In October 2005 he was promoted from Director of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory to Assistant Director of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center where SSRL is housed.

title: User:Kgf0/Hodgson


text:
John S. Rodwell

John S. Rodwell (1946 – present) is an ecologist who was based at the University of Lancaster, noted for his role in the development of the British National Vegetation Classification and as editor of the five volumes of British Plant Communities.

Education
Rodwell graduated in Botany from the University of Leeds in 1968, then researched limestone vegetation at the University of Southampton under Joyce Lambert for his PhD in Biology, awarded in 1974. He also trained for the priesthood at Ripon College Cuddesdon, University of Oxford, maintaining this vocation as a non-stipendiary priest since 1974 in the Diocese of Blackburn since 1975 and is honorary canon of Blackburn Cathedral.

Career
In the same year, 1975, he became co-ordinator of research leading to the development of the British National Vegetation Classification (NVC). at Lancaster University, becoming editor of the NVC, a task that dominated his working life for more than two decades. All five volumes of British Plant Communities, which describe the NVC, were edited by Rodwell.

He joined the faculty of Lancaster University in 1991, was made Professor of Ecology in 1997 and retired in 2004 but has continued to teach and publish since then. In 2009 he was awarded the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management medal of honour.

He is a Honorary Member of the International Association for Vegetation Science (2010).

title: John S. Rodwell


text:
User:Kasiabee

Me
My name is Kasia and I'm new to Wikipedia =)

Articles

 * Bloomsbury Television (edited)

title: User:Kasiabee


text:
Deneb el Okab

The traditional star name Deneb el Okab refers to two stars in the Aquila constellation:
 * Epsilon Aquilae
 * Zeta Aquilae

The name derives from the Arabic term ذنب العقاب ðanab al-ʽuqāb meaning "the tail of the eagle".

title: Deneb el Okab


text: Template:Meteorology by year

title: Template:Meteorology by year


text:
Fox armoured reconnaissance vehicle

The FV721 Fox Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Wheeled) (CVR(W)) was a 4 × 4 armoured car manufactured by ROF Leeds, deployed by the British Army as a replacement for the Ferret scout car and the Saladin armoured car. The Fox was introduced into service with B Squadron, 1st Royal Tank Regiment (Aliwal Barracks, Tidworth) in 1975 and withdrawn from service 1993–94.

Development of the Fox began in 1965 and the following year the Daimler company of Coventry, which was building the Ferret scout car at the time, was awarded a contract to build 15 prototype vehicles. The first was completed in November 1967 and the last in April 1969. User trials began in 1968 and the first official announcement concerning the Fox was made in October 1969.

The following year the Fox was accepted for service with the British Army and a production order was placed with Royal Ordnance Leeds.

Production began in 1972 and the first vehicle was completed in May 1973. Production of the Fox has been completed at Royal Ordnance Leeds.

Description
It had a crew of three and had a low profile rotating turret armed with a 30 mm L21 RARDEN cannon, which was manually fed with three-round clips; 99 rounds were carried. A coaxial L37A2 7.62 mm machine gun was mounted with 2,600 rounds. The weapons were not stabilised. This turret was also equipped with a set of two 4-barrelled smoke dischargers. The vehicle had a combat weight of 6.75 tonnes and was designed to be air-portable. The Fox had aluminium armour and was fitted with a flotation screen. It lacked protection against nuclear, biological and chemical weapons. Powered by a Jaguar 4.2-litre 6-cylinder petrol engine, the Fox was one of the fastest vehicles of its type.

The all-welded aluminium armour hull and turret protected against small arms fire and artillery splinters but not from heavy (.50 calibre) machine gun fire. The driver sat at the front and had an integral periscope/hatch cover that lifted and opened to the right. The centre mounted turret held the commander-loader on the left and gunner on the right. They each had a rear-opening hatch cover.

Without preparation, the Fox can ford one metre of water and a flotation screen can be erected in two minutes. Drive when floating was solely from the road wheels, giving poor performance and the screens were removed from most UK vehicles early in their service life. Air portable, three Foxes can be carried by one C-130 Hercules aircraft, two of which can be parachute dropped.

The Fox was principally used by the Royal Yeomanry and the Queen's Own Yeomanry, the brigade reconnaissance regiments in 2 Div, BAOR's rear area formation. Small numbers were also attached to air mobile, armoured and mechanized infantry battalions to form a reconnaissance platoon.

Variants

 * FV722 Vixen - Un-turreted version, was planned and tested but never entered production. An example of the Vixen is held at the Bovington museum. Hull #2, after spending about two decades mounted on a plinth as a gate guard at the Military Vehicles and Engineering Establishment, Chertsey was recovered, exported and restored to mechanically operational condition in Australia.
 * Polecat - There was at least one trial version of a Fox chassis mounting the standard UK GPMG one-man turret (as used on the FV432 APC) and possibly one with a larger one-man turret mounting an M2 .5in heavy MG. Both types were proposed for use in Northern Ireland during the 1980s as patrol vehicles.
 * Panga - Export version for Malaysia, fitted with Helio FVT-800 machine gun turret. Prototype only.
 * Fox-Scout - Escort version with 7.62 mm machine gun (MAG or Chain gun) and 4,500 rounds. Prototype only.
 * Fox 25 - Fitted with a 25 mm Chain Gun in a Sharpshooter turret. Crew: 2. Prototype only.
 * Fox MILAN - Tankhunter version with MILAN Compact Turret. Prototype only.
 * Sabre - The turret of the Fox was remounted on the chassis of an FV101 Scorpion hull to create a new tracked reconnaissance vehicle, the Sabre. Cheaper to produce than the similar FV107 Scimitar, 136 Sabres were created. Modifications included redesigning the smoke grenade dischargers, replacing the standard machine gun with a L94A1 chain gun and domed hatches to improve the headroom for the commander and gunner. They were assigned to the reconnaissance platoons of armoured and mechanised infantry battalions, before being withdrawn from service in 2004.
 * FV432/30 - A small number of Fox turrets were added to modified FV 432s in the mid-1970s for the Berlin Infantry Brigade but this project was abandoned after 13 were converted.

Current operators

 * 🇲🇼 Malawi - 70/20
 * 🇳🇬 Nigeria - 55/75

Former operators

 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom - 200 (withdrawn)

title: Fox armoured reconnaissance vehicle


text: Template:UK-mil-ship-stub

title: Template:UK-mil-ship-stub


text:
File:Boston terrier b&W.jpg

Summary
Boston Terrier, 14 months old, 10 lbs.

title: File:Boston terrier b&W.jpg


text: User talk:82.17.211.107

title: User talk:82.17.211.107


text:
Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica

The Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA; Aeronautics Institute of Technology ) is an institution of higher education maintained by the Brazilian Air Force and is located in São José dos Campos, Brazil. ITA is consistently ranked as one of the top engineering schools in Brazil and engages in advanced research in aerospace science and technology.

ITA is one of five institutes that encompass the Brazilian General Command for Aerospace Technology (CTA), having its facilities, along with its laboratories and R&D centers, inside the campus of CTA. Despite its status as a military institution, TA accommodates civilian teachers, directors, and students.

ITA offers regular 5-year engineering undergraduate courses (Bachelor of Engineering) and graduate programs including masters and doctoral degrees.

History
Montenegro hired renowned foreign professors and experts from various parts of the world to teach at ITA, the majority of them from MIT, influenced by Prof. Smith. At a given time of its history, ITA had teachers from more than 20 different nationalities in its faculty, an impressive number, considering it had (and still has) a faculty of little more than 100 teachers. Nowadays the overwhelming majority of the teachers are Brazilians, many of whom have themselves graduated from ITA.

Undergraduate Courses
All ITA undergraduate students must complete two years of fundamental courses before entering the professional course they intend to take. The six steams of professional courses available to students for study include:

 * Aeronautical Engineering
 * Aerospace Engineering
 * Civil-Aeronautical Engineering
 * Computer Engineering
 * Electronic Engineering
 * Mechanical Engineering

Graduate programs
ITA offers masters and doctoral programs through five general streams, with 20 areas of concentration between them, including:

 * Aeronautical & Mechanical Engineering
 * Aeronautical Infrastructure Engineering
 * Electronic & Computer Engineering
 * Physics
 * Space Science & Technology

Student life
All undergraduate students are granted full scholarships. Complete residential facilities are offered to the students during the entire five-year period at a minimal cost. ITA students are provided with free, self-served meals four times a day.

Military career
During their first year at ITA, all students are considered to be military personnel and are required to attend a military preparation course once a week and receive monthly cost-of-living allowances for it during this period. For male students, this fulfills their obligatory military service, which all male citizens in Brazil are required to attend.

Due to ITA's position as an institute maintained by the Brazilian Air Force, undergraduate students may choose to join the military upon graduation as engineering officers or keep their status as civilians members of the reserve. After the first year, students not opting for a military career return to being civilians and stop receiving their pay.

Approximately 20% of admitted undergraduate students choose a military career during their second year and be paid as Student of the Reserve Officers Training Body. These students will continue the military preparation course once every two weeks. They will begin wearing uniforms during their 3rd year at ITA until graduation. Upon graduation, they are promoted to the rank of 1st Lieutenant Engineer and must serve for 3 years.

Economic Impact
The institution was created in 1950, being responsible and contributing in a great extent for the research and development of the aerospace and defense sectors in Brazil, including the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research - INPE, Embraer and Avibrás.

 * From ITA's foundation, as of 2018, 6,466 engineers had successfully graduated from the undergraduate program and 6,134 from postgraduate courses.
 * EMBRAER alone, which was created by ITA's undergraduate alumni, currently employs hundreds of engineers from ITA, generating a positive net export balance of $1.529 billion in 2005, over 150 times the yearly investment made in ITA by the Brazilian Government. In that year, between aircraft and aircraft parts categories, São José Dos Campos exported $3.57B (USD) or 81.9% of the total exports of the municipality.
 * By the time ITA was created, its home town, São José dos Campos, had about 44,000 inhabitants and its economy was mainly rural. By 2018 the city had grown to 883,943 inhabitants, or 2,528,354 when the metropolitan area is counted, and in 2014 ranked as the 5th largest exporter, by value, of all Brazilian municipalities exporting $4.6B (USD) worth of materials.

Admissions (Undergraduate)
The school's undergraduate admission exams (called vestibular in Brazil) are considered the most competitive in the country. They take place annually in over 25 cities throughout Brazil. Students are selected exclusively on their grades in the exam. ITA accepts 110 undergraduate students per year, who are distributed into the 5 available Engineering courses according to availability and preference indicated at the time of applying.

ITA's admission exam is infamous for its difficulty, even when compared to other top universities in Brazil. Math, Physics and Chemistry are often approached beyond high-school level, thus candidates have to study undergraduate-level textbooks. Candidates often need an extra year of intense study after high-school, and many take the test multiple times before being selected.

The exam is composed of two phases: the first includes general tests in each of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Portuguese and English. The English exam is only eliminatory, requiring candidates to achieve a minimum set score. The second phase includes exams in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and an Essay in Portuguese. In this phase, all tests have equal weight. The candidates with the highest average grades are admitted in, provided they reach a minimum qualifying grade in each of the 4 exams.

Another university in Brazil has similar admission exams: Instituto Militar de Engenharia (Military Institute of Engineering - IME), which is maintained by the Brazilian Army. Candidates usually prepare for both exams. Virtually all candidates approved at ITA are also approved at IME, but choose the former.

Course Evaluation Results
From 1996 to 2003, the Brazilian government conducted yearly evaluation exams for every undergraduate course in Brazil. Written exams, specific to every different type of college course, were given to every student at the time of their graduation and the results were used to evaluate the quality of the college courses and schools in Brazil. These exams were called Provão ("big test", in English).

Based on the average grade obtained by the students' course, every school was given a grade from 'A' to 'E' for each of its courses, with 'A' being the best. ITA was the only institution in Brazil to have obtained only 'A's in all the years of Provão, for all of its courses. The Provão results are somewhat misleading, though, as the grades are given by ordering the average grades of the schools in a list and giving the label 'A' to a certain predefined number of schools, and so on. Therefore, two schools that were given the grade 'A' can have substantially different scores, and that is usually the case. The actual grades for each school were not announced by the government, but a list with the highest average grades in 2003 "leaked" and was published by the national magazine Veja.

The published list showed that the courses of Electronic and Computer Engineering at ITA, which both took the exam of Electrical Engineering, attained the highest average grade of the whole Provão in 2003. Its students had an average grade of 79.6 of a total of 100. This average was about 5 point higher than IME's, the 2nd position for Electrical Engineering, with 75.2, about 14 points higher than the 3rd position, UFRGS, with 66.3, and about 17 point higher than renowned USP and UNICAMP with 62.7 and 62.2, respectively. It was about 24 points higher than the 10th position for this course. That is a relative difference of more than 40%. All ten schools published in the list attained an 'A' grade at Provão.

It is now known that in almost every year of Provão up to 2003 ITA's courses figured in either first or second place in its categories, usually competing with IME, both within considerable distance from the remaining schools. It is hard, though, to point references for such information, as it usually comes from unofficial sources or scattered news from journalists that had access to leaked information. INEP, the government institute which conducts these evaluations, publishes the results of all Provões at its website, but only shows the alphabetic grade and percentiles in which the students from the institution are (usually more than 90% of ITA's students figure between the top 25% grades in Provão). In 2003 94,3% of ITA's Electronic and Computer Engineering students were between the 25% top grades of the exam.

In the first edition of ENADE for Engineering in 2005, successor of Provão, which is only held about every 3 years, ITA's Computer Engineering course once again achieved the highest grade of its category. For the ENADE the government is publishing the actual average grade of each school at INEP's website. In 2008, ITA's Electronics Engineering courses scored the highest evaluation grade among all university courses from the areas evaluated in 2008, which included all engineering areas, computer science, math, architecture, among others. The course evaluation grade of ITA's Electronics Engineering was 485, out of a maximum of 500, based on the test results of the students graduated in 2008.

Notable Professors

 * Francis Dominic Murnaghan (mathematician) – former Albert Einstein student, founder of Department of Mathematics
 * Sonia Guimarães - first Black Brazilian to earn a doctorate in physics; hired as a professor before women were admitted to ITA

Notable alumni
In alphabetical order:

 * Carlos Cesnik, Clarence L. (Kelly) Johnson Collegiate Professor of Aerospace Engineering at University of Michigan
 * Carlos Henrique de Brito Cruz, former dean, UNICAMP; science director, FAPESP
 * Carlos Nobre, Brazilian scientist and meteorologist
 * Cássio Taniguchi, Brazilian congressman (as of 2006)
 * Dimas Lara Barbosa, Rio de Janeiro auxiliary bishop, Roman Catholic Church in Brazil
 * Jean Paul Jacob, research leader IBM
 * Kristo Ivanov, research leader (1984-2002) and Professor Emeratus. of Informatics, Umeå University
 * Marcos César Pontes, first brazilian astronaut
 * Ned Kock, professor of Information Systems, Texas A&M International University
 * Ozires Silva, founder and former CEO, EMBRAER, former president of Petrobras, and former Minister of Infra-Structure
 * Reginaldo Silva, security engineer, notable for identifying an Arbitrary code execution bug at Facebook

title: Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica


text:
Big Art Group

Big Art Group is a New York City-based experimental performance ensemble that uses language and media to push formal boundaries of theatre, film and visual arts to create culturally transgressive works. It has publicly declared its goal as the desire to develop innovative performances using original text, technology, and experimental methods of communication.

Development
Founded by director Caden Manson and playwright Jemma Nelson in 1999, Big Art Group has produced original works, CLEARCUT, catastrophe (1999), The Balladeer (2000), Shelf Life (2001), Flicker (2002), House of No More (2004), Dead Set #2 and #3 (2006-7),"The Sleep", "The Imitation", "The People" (2007), "S.O.S." (2008), "Cityrama" and "Broke House". The first two works, Clearcut Catastrophe and The Balladeer, explored the development of new vocabularies for performance blending film and theatrical references and trained the ensemble in physically rigorous methods of stagecraft. Clearcut Catastrophe fused ideas from Chekhov's Three Sisters and the documentary Grey Gardens through methods of improvisation. These experiments evolved into a trilogy of works: Shelf Life, Flicker and House of No More. In these pieces, Manson invented an integrated spectacle which he dubbed ‘Real-Time Film’, a hybrid of film and theatre in which actors recombined formal ideas of performance through the use of simultaneous acting on stage and for live video using complex choreography, puppetry, and autobiography. He referred to the techniques of accomplishing filmic language such as cuts, pans, and zooms as treating "the actor as technology."

Thematically, the trilogy began with an acidic critique of consumerism with Shelf Life, which also marks author Jemma Nelson's writing debut. The sister piece, Flicker, used two storylines to create a linked examination of violence and commodity. The trilogy concluded with House of No More, which dismantled ideas of theatrical narrative, and attacked the idea of spectacle through an investigation of theatre as an analogy for worldbuilding.

In 2006 the company began a series of experimental video art, musical collaborations and reality performances, Dead Set #2 and #3, "The Sleep","The Imitation" and The People. Dead Set #2 and #3 continued Big Art Group's experimentation with live theatre and video, set and costume design to comment on themes of trauma and popular culture. The People was an expansion of real-time film that moved the theatre to the street, combining local participants, documentary research and site-specific creations and - fusing avant-garde performance with community expression. Retelling a contemporary version of the Oresteia, The People was simultaneously played and live-projected and broadcast into the public square of the Italian town of Polverigi.

"S.O.S." followed in 2008, opening at the Wiener Festwochen in Austria and appearing in New York at The Kitchen. Combining a large scale video installation, dense text, sound, and fast pace, the play explored ideas of saturation and sacrifice in contemporary society. The text of the play was published in Yale's Theatre Magazine (Vol. 40,No. 2, 2010).

Caden Manson has been recognized as a Pew Fellow for his work with Big Art Group. Major funding for the company include grants received from the Rockefeller Multi-Arts Production fund, The Greenwall Foundation, the Foundation for Contemporary Art and the Florence Gould Foundation. In the United States, Big Art Group has performed at such venues as Performance Space 122, The Kitchen, The Wexner Center for the Arts, The Walker Art Center, and REDCAT. Performers include Heather Litteer, Farrad Mullins, David Commander, Justin Vivian Bond, and Theo Kogan. Their work is also in the permanent collection of the Yale Drama Library.

CLEARCUT, catastrophe!
1999 Kraine Theatre, NYC

The Balladeer
2000 Kraine Theatre, NYC

Shelf Life (Premiere - The Kraine Theatre, NYC 2001)
2004 Kaiitheatre (Brussels, Belgium), Hebbel am Ufer (Berlin), Festpielhaus Hellerau (Dresden, Germany)

2003 Pan Pan Theatre Symposium (Dublin, Ireland), The Walker Arts Center (Minneapolis, Minnesota), Fresh Terrain/PS122/UT (Austin, Texas), The Wexner Center For The Arts (Columbus, Ohio), The Warhol Museum (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), Künstlerhaus Mousonturm (Frankfurt, Germany), Sommerszene (Salzburg, Austria)

Flicker (Premiere Performance Space 122, NYC 2002)
2005 In Motion Festival (Barcelona, Spain), RED/CAT (Los Angeles, California, US), Teatro Central (Sevilla, Spain), VEO Festival (Valencia, Spain), Teatro Canovas (Málaga, Spain), Teatro Alhambra (Granada, Spain), Teatro La Fenice (Senigallia, Italy), Trafó (Budapest, Hungary), STUK (Leuven, Belgium)

2004 New Territories Festival (Glasgow, Scotland), Emilia Romagna Teatro (Modena, Italy), Sommerszene Festival (Salzburg, Austria)

2003 The Via Festival (Maubeuge, France), Inteatro Polverigi (Polverigi, Italy), Zürcher Theater Spektakel (Zurich, Switzerland), La Bâtie-Festival de Genève (Geneva, Switzerland), De (internationale) Keuze van de Rotterdamse Schouwburg (Rotterdam, Netherlands), Le Vie de Festival (Rome, Italy), SpielArt Festival (Munich, Germany), Hebbel Theater (Berlin), Mettre en Scène (Rennes, France)

2002 Théâtre Garonne (Toulouse, France), Festival d'Automne (Paris, France), Théâtre de Lorient (Brittany, France)

House of No More (Premiere Performance Space 122, NYC 2004)
2005 Dance Theater Workshop (NYC), Hebbel Theater (Berlin), Théâtre Garonne/TNT (Toulouse, France), Festival d'Automne à Paris, Le Manège (Maubeuge, France), Le Vie de Festival (Rome), La Rose Des Vents (Villeneuve d'Asq, France), Wexner Center (Columbus, Ohio), Art Rock Festival (Saint-Brieuc, France), Festival de Otoño (Madrid), Teatro La Fenice (Sinigalia, Italy), Semaines Internationales de la Marionnette (Neuchâtel, Switzerland), Théâtre de Nîmes (Nîmes, France)

2006 Temps d'Image at L'Usine C (Montreal, Canada), Festival Mois Multi (Québec, Canada), Donau Festival (Krems, Austria), Scene Festival (Salzburg, Austria)

Dead Set #2 (Premiere Hebbel Theater, Berlin Germany 2006)
2006 La Comète (Châlons-en-Champagne, France), Théâtre d'Angoulême (Angoulême, France), Festival d'Automne à Paris (Paris, France)

Dead Set #3 (Premiere The Kitchen, NYC 2007)
2007 (Antwerp, Belgium), Künstlerhaus Mousonturm (Frankfurt, Germany), Donau Festival (Krems, Austria)

The People
2007 Inteatro Polverigi (Polverigi, Italy)

2008 Theater der Welt Festival (Halle, Germany)

S.O.S.
2008 Wiener Festwochen (Vienna, Austria), Théâtre Garonne (Toulouse, France) 2009 Temps d’Image Festival (Montreal, Canada), The Kitchen (NYC, USA), REDCAT (Los Angeles, USA),Yerba Buena Arts Center (San Francisco, USA),Prospettiva 09 (Turin, Italy)

title: Big Art Group


text:
Template talk:Meteorology by year

Purpose
There are a very large number of meteorology yearly entries, and each should have identical content. This template provides that content. This is to be used inside category pages such as Category:2005 meteorology.

Usage

 * is the year or other time period; see examples;

Discussion
This was inspired by, which I made to be able to quickly fill out season categories for the (hundreds) of tropical cyclone seasons. All those categories are subsets of the yearly meteorology categories, so I figured while I was at it I'd make these categories as well. Jdorje 23:19, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Meteorology by year


text:
Hirosaki Station

Hirosaki Station (弘前駅) is a railway station in the city of Hirosaki, Aomori Prefecture, Japan, jointly operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and the private railway operator Kōnan Railway. It is also a freight terminal for the Japan Freight Railway Company.

Lines
Hirosaki Station is served by the Ōu Main Line, and is located 447.1 km from the southern starting point of the Ōu Main Line at Fukushima. Although the terminus of the Gonō Line is at Kawabe, most trains continue on to terminate at Hirosaki for ease of connections. It also forms the terminus of the 16.8 km private Kōnan Railway Kōnan Line to Kuroishi.

Limited express trains
Hirosaki Station is served by the following limited express train services.
 * Tsugaru (Aomori - Akita)
 * Akebono overnight sleeper service (Ueno - Aomori)
 * Nihonkai overnight sleeper service (Osaka - Aomori)

Station layout
Hirosaki Station is an elevated station. The JR portion has a single side platform and an island platform, serving three tracks, and the Kōnan Railway has a bay platform serving another two tracks. The station has a JR East Midori no Madoguchi staffed ticket office and View Plaza travel agency.

History
Hirosaki Station opened on December 1, 1894. On September 7, 1927, the Konan Railway also began operations at Hirosaki Station. The station building was again reconstructed in 1981 to incorporate a shopping center. With the privatization of JNR on April 1, 1987, the station came under the operational control of JR East. A new station building was completed in December 2004.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2018, the JR East station was used by an average of 4,497 passengers daily (boarding passengers only). The Konan Railway station was used by an average of 2,851 passengers daily in fiscal 2011. The JR East passenger figures for previous years are as shown below.

Surrounding area

 * Hirosaki Post office
 * Hirosakiekimae Post Office
 * Hirosaki Bus terminal

Local services

 * Kōnan Bus
 * For Karekitaira via Dake hot spring
 * For Fujishiro via Hamanomashi or Komagoshi
 * For Goshogawara Station via Fujisaki, Itayanagi and Tsuruta
 * For Namioka via Fujisaki
 * For Kuroishi Station via Inakadate
 * For Koguriyama via Hirosaki University
 * For Sōma via Akudo
 * For Tashiro via Kuniyoshi
 * For Aomori Airport (Express bus)

Long-distance bus services

 * Jodel (ヨーデル) (operated by Kōnan Bus, JR Bus Tohoku, Iwate-Kenpoku Bus, and Iwate-Kenkōtsu)
 * For Morioka Station

title: Hirosaki Station


text:
Longs Drugs

Longs Drugs is an American chain owned by parent company CVS Health with approximately 70 drugstores throughout the state of Hawaii and formerly in the Continental US.

Before being acquired by parent company CVS Health in 2008, it was a chain of over 500 stores, located primarily on the West Coast of the United States. Besides Hawaii, it had stores located in California, Nevada, Arizona, Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, Utah and Washington, and was headquartered in Walnut Creek, California.

History
The first store was founded in 1938 as Longs Self-Service Drugs, by brothers Thomas and Joseph Long (son-in-law of Marion Barton Skaggs, co-founder of Safeway Inc.), when they opened their first store on Piedmont Avenue in Oakland, California. The first Longs in Hawaii opened on March 29, 1954, in Honolulu. By 1971, Longs reported sales of $169 million (~$ in ) from its 54 stores. They were incorporated during the same year.

They expanded to Alaska in 1977, Arizona and Oregon in 1978, and Nevada in 1979. By 1982, Longs had 162 stores and exceeded $1 billion (~$ in ) in sales. In 1987, Longs acquired 11 Osco drugstores in California and one in Colorado. They also sold 15 stores in Arizona to Osco. Their sales passed $2 billion (~$ in ) for the first time in 1990. In 1993, Longs purchased Bill's Drugs, a 20-store chain located in Northern California, for $23.9 million (~$ in ).

In 1995, Longs formed Integrated Health Concepts, a Pharmacy Benefit Management company. They also closed 2 stores located in Alaska. In 1997, Longs and American Drug Stores Inc. (subsidiary of Albertson's Inc. at the time) merged their pharmacy benefit management companies to create RxAmerica, with each company retaining 50% ownership.

In 1998, Longs acquired 20 Drug Emporium stores from Western Drug Distributors, Inc. 18 of the stores were located in western Washington and two in the Portland, Oregon. Rite Aid sold Longs 32 stores located in California for $150 million (~$ in ) in October 1999, which itself were former PayLess Drug locations since 1998.

On September 17, 2001, Longs exercised its option to acquire Albertson's interest in RxAmerica and established full ownership of the PBM.

In 2003, Bob Long stepped down as Chairman and CEO, marking the first time in the history of Longs Drugs that a member of the founding family was not involved in the company. In 2004 Longs acquired Sacramento, California-based American Diversified Pharmacies (ADP), a mail order pharmacy. On January 1, 2006, RxAmerica began offering Medicare Part D prescription drug plans in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.

In June 2006, Longs purchased 21 retail pharmacies, from Network Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The Network pharmacies are located close to the point of care (such as hospitals, clinics, and medical office buildings), and were much smaller than Long's traditional retail stores. Longs also purchased 4 stores from PharMerica, Inc., a subsidiary of AmerisourceBergen Corporation.

By 2008, CVS/pharmacy acquired Longs Drugs, and rebranded all pharmacies outside Hawaii by the summer of the following year. In 2011, CVS closed the 90,000 sqft flagship superstore on 5100 Broadway in Oakland, CA, due to property redevelopment plans.

Acquisition
On August 12, 2008, Longs Drugs announced that they were being acquired by CVS Health, the operator of the national CVS/pharmacy chain of drugstores. CVS bought the 521 Longs locations to expand its presence on the West Coast, primarily in California. The acquisition also included access to the Hawaii market. CVS Health paid a total of $2.54 billion to acquire all outstanding shares of Longs Drugs, and hoped to save upwards of $100 million in 2009 and $140–$150 million in 2010 in expenses from synergies attained from the business combination. On September 12, 2008, the Walgreen Co. stepped in with an offer representing a $3.50 (~$ in ) per share premium over the cash purchase price offered by CVS. However, Walgreens dropped their offer on October 8, allowing CVS' deal to progress. On October 29, CVS had secured 78.07% of Longs shares, and Longs was merged into CVS the next day on October 30. According to the San Francisco Chronicle, CVS retained the Longs Drugs name in the Hawaii stores "because of its high name recognition and the geographical separation." Before the merger, CVS had no full-service stores in Northern California or Hawaii.

Longs in popular culture
Although a California-based company, Longs had maintained stores in Hawaii long enough to become a local establishment. Its first Hawaii store, in downtown Honolulu, opened March 29, 1954. In 2005, Honolulu Advertiser columnist Lee Cataluna published a short-story collection, Folks You Meet in Longs, and Other Stories. It is based on Cataluna's eponymous play which premiered August 2003 at Kumu Kahua Theatre.

Hawaii expansion
In an effort to combat Walgreens' expansion in Hawaii, CVS began a statewide expansion in 2010, with many new locations within a mile of an existing Longs Drugs. However, CVS closed two 'underperforming' stores in Honolulu in 2019.

title: Longs Drugs


text:
Talk:Benning Road station

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 15:07, 9 November 2007

Vandalism acusing
Us441 (talk) 20:13, 7 February 2009 (UTC) SchuminWeb claims I vandalized on the Benning Road (Washington Metro) page, and I didn't.

The info was incorrect, that the station is in Northeast Washington, but I thought it was true.

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Franconia–Springfield (WMATA station) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 19:15, 23 December 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Benning Road station. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090329053127/http://transit.schuminweb.com:80/transit/wmata/blue-line.php?station=G01 to http://transit.schuminweb.com/transit/wmata/blue-line.php?station=G01

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:34, 31 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Benning Road station


text:
Pork and beans

Pork and beans is a culinary dish that uses pork and beans as its main ingredients. Numerous variations exist, usually with more specific names, such as fabada asturiana, olla podrida, or American canned pork and beans.

American canned pork and beans
Although the time and place of the first appearance of American canned pork and beans is unclear, the dish was well established in the American diet by the mid-19th century. The 1832 cookbook The American Frugal Housewife lists only three ingredients for pork and beans: a quart of beans, a pound of salt pork, and pepper. Commercially canned pork and beans were introduced in the United States sometime around 1880. According to the 1975 Better Homes and Garden Heritage Cookbook, canned pork and beans was the first convenience food.

Today, the dish is "an American canned classic, [and] is recognized by American consumers generally as an article of commerce that contains very little pork."

The recipe for American commercially canned pork and beans varies slightly from company to company, but generally consists of rehydrated navy beans packed in tomato sauce (usually made from concentrate and which may incorporate starch, sugar, salt, and seasoning), with very small chunks of salt pork or rendered pork fat. The ingredients are cooked, packed into hermetically sealed containers, and processed by heat to assure preservation.

title: Pork and beans


text:
Great Seal of France

The Great Seal of France (Grand Sceau de la République française) is the official seal of the French Republic. After the 1792 revolution established the First French Republic, the insignia of the monarchy was removed from the seal. Over time, the new seal changed. At first, it featured Marianne, symbol of the revolution. It evolved to show that the people developed their culture and politics. In modern times, it depicts Liberty, along with aspects of culture such as art, education, and agriculture.

Description
The Great Seal features Liberty, wearing a crown with seven arches. She holds a fasces and is supported by a ship's tiller with a cock carved or printed on it, representing the Gallic rooster (le coq gaulois), a symbol of the Gauls and early French nation. At her feet is a vase with the letters "SU" ("Suffrage Universel", "Universal suffrage"). At her right, in the background, are symbols of the arts (painter's tools), architecture (Ionic order), education (burning lamp), agriculture (a sheaf of wheat) and industry (a cog wheel). The scene is surrounded by the legend "RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE, DÉMOCRATIQUE, UNE ET INDIVISIBLE" ("French Republic, democratic, one and indivisible") and "24 FEV.1848" (24 February 1848) at the bottom.

The reverse bears the words "AU NOM DU PEUPLE FRANÇAIS" ("in the name of the French people") surrounded by a crown of oak (symbol of perennity and justice) and laurel (symbol of glory) leaves tied together with wheat and grapes (agriculture and wealth), with the circular national motto "LIBERTÉ, ÉGALITÉ, FRATERNITÉ".

Pre-Revolution
The first seals were created by the Merovingian kings to authenticate their orders. Merely rings originally, later worn on a necklace, the royal seals grew bigger and bigger under the House of Capet to reach around 12 cm. These are the modern dimensions of the seal.

All the seals under the Ancien Régime featured the king sitting on this throne and giving justice, yet every king had his own personal seal, a unique item which passed with him. All edicts, orders, decrees and declarations were then sealed.

Revolutionary period
On August 13, 1792, representatives of the National Convention arrested King Louis XVI. He was imprisoned, and later executed on January 21, 1793. This act of regicide demonstrated that "the Convention had irreversibly ruled out any compromise with the Revolution's opponents." With the absence of the king, the French Republic sought a new national symbol. It was from these tumultuous times that the French symbol of Marianne emerged. The French Revolution not only challenged the political authority of the Old Regime led by the monarchy; it also challenged the traditional symbols that had thus far defined the French people. Anthropologists have argued that every society needs a "center" which includes social and political mapping that gives the people a sense of their place. In the traditional model of authority, "the king was the sacred center and culture was firmly fixed in the longstanding notions of a catholic hierarchical order." By de-centering this frame of traditional authority while overthrowing the monarchy, revolutionaries realized that the cultural framework of the past could not be carried into the future, and that the use of the king as the insignia of the seal had to be replaced with a new seal signifying the Republic. Revolutionaries began iconoclastically destroying tangible reminders of the Old Regime, such as breaking the seals of royalty, the scepter and the crown and melting them into republican coins.

The abolition of royalty, however, led to questions about the importance of having a unified symbol. In the beginning, seals were only used to compensate for the imperfection of writing. Yet as Henri Grégoire argued, civilized people found that "a sign, a type, was necessary to give character to authenticity" to all public acts. The nation would only be recognizable by its public symbolic representation, and hence it was agreed that a new seal of state would be created to give the new republic a sense of permanence. The seal was not only a representation of public authority, but it signified the new republican mold. As Lynn Hunt puts it, "new symbols could make new men." The French Revolution stood for the notion that members of a society could invent culture and politics for themselves. As the National Convention worked to unify the Republic after the fall of the monarchy, the process to declare a national symbol became more urgent. In the end, "the choice of a new insignia seemed almost automatic." In order to dispel all traces of monarchical influence, the members of the National Convention "proposed the choice of Liberty." The choice was a clear one and deputies of the Convention like Abbe Grégoire proposed that the Republic's image should be "Liberty, 'so that our emblem, circulating all over the globe, should present to all peoples the beloved image of Republican liberty and pride.'" This notion of Liberty is, in a sense, "the very essence of the Republic."

Liberty was officially represented by the female figure of Marianne, which adheres to traditional iconographic expectations. The Phrygian cap worn by this figure of liberty was representative of the inherent freedom of the French people and provided a sharp contrast to the crown of the monarchy. According to Maurice Agulhon, an expert on this particular symbol of the French Revolution, Marianne "represented both Liberty, an eternal value, and at the same time the newly constituted regime of the French Republic." She was depicted as "a woman holding a stave surmounted by a cap and trampling a yoke underfoot; this is the emblem that the ancients gave to Liberty won through valor." The feminine civic allegory of Marianne was distant from the controversial personalities of National Convention; therefore, Marianne's "abstraction and impersonality" allowed the symbol to endure the different phases of the Revolution. In addition, Marianne's close resemblance to the Catholic figure of Mary created unity between the rational revolutionaries and the devout peasantry. The emblem of Marianne was not only widely accepted, but also widely diffused in France. However, as the Revolution radicalized in 1793 with the rise of the Committee on Public Safety, the emblem of Marianne was replaced by a far more formidable symbol of the Revolution: Jacques-Louis David's statue of Hercules.

Post-Revolution
Napoléon, Louis XVIII and Charles X all used monarchical seals like the Old Regime, Louis-Philippe used one showing only his bust.

The present seal dates back to the Second Republic, which briefly used the seals of the First Republic before having a new design made by the artist Jacques-Jean Barre on the 8 September 1848.

Usage
Under the Second Republic, usage of the Great Seal of France tended to be reduced to sealing laws, decrees of the National Assembly and diplomatic treaties. The function of Keeper of the seals was officially linked to that of Minister of Justice at that time (the French Minister of Justice is popularly referred to "Le Garde des Sceaux").

After the Second Empire, the practice of applying seals to laws was gradually abandoned and restricted to constitutional acts and diplomatic treaties (for instance, the Treaty of Versailles was sealed in this way).

Under the Fourth Republic, the only document to be sealed was the Constitution of October 27, 1946.

Since the Fifth Republic, after sealing the Constitution of October 4, 1958, it became common practice to seal some constitutional modifications. Used in 1946, and twice at the beginning of the Fifth Republic, the sealing ceremonies became much less common from 1963 to 1991 period when only two laws – ordinary, but of great symbolic importance – were sealed. Since 1992, the pace of ceremonies has increased again: the constitutional changes since then were often the subject of a seal.

The date of the ceremony was very close to the date of passage of the law until 1964. It was subsequently clearly separated from the vote and publication of the text. An extreme case consists in the Constitutional Law no. 99-569 of July 8, 1999 on equality between women and men, sealed March 8, 2002, two and a half years after the entry into force of the law.

Sealing ceremonies are always held at the Chancellerie where the Keeper of the Seals, the Minister of Justice, holds a sealing press affixed to a best and the unique matrices of the Seal of the State.

Sealing wax
Originally, sealers used a plastic sealing wax which they shaped by hand into generally circular pieces which were definitely shaped by a press.

Nowadays, a liquid wax is fed directly into the inferior part of a shape made of a stamp and a mobile metallic ring; the shape is closed and the wax cools down until it becomes pasty before it is applied.

Usage of the Great Seal having become obsolete between 1920 and 1946, the recipe for the wax was lost. In 1946, trials had to be made by the Sigillographic service of the National Archives.

Color
The Ancien Régime used a green wax for important documents, and a yellow for less important ones.

The Restoration, the July Monarchy and the Third Republic kept the yellow wax, while the First Republic, the Consulate and the Empire used a red wax.

The Constitution of 1946 is sealed with red wax. The Constitution of 1958 and subsequent documents were sealed with yellow wax, until 2002 when green was again used.

Ribbons
The Empire sealed on wide yellow and blue silk ribbons; the Republic and the Consulate, on a tricolor braid.

The Third Republic used the same red and green ribbon as the Monarchy. Since 1946 (the Fourth and Fifth Republics), a tricolor ribbon is in use.

title: Great Seal of France


text:
Liberty High School (Maryland)

Liberty High School (LHS) is a four-year public high school in Eldersburg in Carroll County, Maryland.

History
Liberty High School was established in 1980 in Eldersburg Maryland, as part of the Carroll County Public Schools system.

Sports

 * Fall
 * Cheerleading
 * Girls JV/Varsity
 * Cross-Country
 * JV/Varsity
 * Field Hockey
 * Girls JV/Varsity
 * Football
 * Boys JV/Varsity
 * Golf
 * JV/Varsity
 * Soccer
 * Boys JV/Varsity
 * Girls JV/Varsity
 * Volleyball
 * Girls JV/Varsity
 * Winter
 * Basketball
 * Boys JV/Varsity
 * Girls JV/Varsity
 * Cheerleading
 * Girls JV/Varsity
 * Indoor Track and Field
 * JV/Varsity
 * Wrestling
 * JV/Varsity
 * Spring
 * Baseball
 * Boys JV/Varsity
 * Lacrosse
 * Boys JV/Varsity
 * Girls JV/Varsity
 * Softball
 * Girls JV/Varsity
 * Tennis
 * Varsity
 * Outdoor Track & Field
 * JV/Varsity

State championships

 * Softball: 2012
 * Girls' Soccer: 1996
 * Boys' Cross Country: 2003, 2004, 2005, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
 * Girls' Cross Country: 2014, 2019
 * Tennis 2022, 2023
 * Girls' Field Hockey 1981, 1982

Clubs

 * As of the 2023-2024 school year there are 37 clubs and organizations offered at Liberty High School.

Robotics
Liberty High School boasts the longest running robotics team in Carroll County. The FIRST Robotics Competition Team 2199, the Robo-Lions, is a student-run team that was founded as a Liberty High School sports team in the fall of 2006 following the collapse of the county wide team, 1464. However, the current relationship between the school and the team is a loose affiliation, with no legal ties, and the team is now open for membership from anyone living in Carroll County, Maryland.

In 2011, parents and teachers formed the non-profit PIE3 to fund robotics programs throughout Carroll County. In 2012, the Robo-Lions became a member of the Freedom Area Recreation Council. Currently, the team is working with Carroll County Public Schools to create a legal partnership with the school district.

Public outreach
The team focuses not only on the robot, but also on public outreach to promote the growth of STEM in Carroll County. Currently, the team is mentoring 6 elementary and middle school age FIRST LEGO League robotics teams, and the Robo-Lions have run the regional FLL Regional Competition, the Roar of the Robots, for the past 4 years. Additionally, team members also volunteer at competitions for FLL, FTC, and FRC.

In 2012, the Robot-Lions started a summer Lego Fun Camp; students age 7-11 learn to work with the FLL technology to complete basic tasks, as well as engaging in other engineering related activities and crafts. Initially the team only offered one session, however in 2013 (their second year running the camp) the team expanded the sessions offered to 3 due to popular demand. The team also offers a mentor training session for parents and teachers interested in mentoring FLL teams.

Public outreach also extends to community events, such as elementary and middle school science fairs, public library events, craft fairs, the American Cancer Society's Freedom Area Relay for Life, and events coordinated through the Freedom Area Recreation Council.

Additionally, the team works with Liberty High School clubs and organizations, including the drama club and the special education classroom, Learning for Independence. In 2010 the team built a robotic lamp post for the drama club's production of The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe; in 2011, the team constructed a robotic crocodile for the drama club's production of Peter Pan (the robot won a Cappie for best prop).

The Robo-Lions have also been featured on Fox 45 News, twice.

Competitions and awards

 * 2013: Entrepreneurship Award, Richmond Regional
 * 2013: Regional Chairman's Award, Chesapeake Regional (Quarterfinalists)
 * 2013: FIRST Championship
 * 2016: Engineering Inspiration Award at the DC District Event
 * 2017: Engineering Inspiration Award at Northern VA Qualifier
 * 2020/21: Entrepreneurship Award at Haymarket, VA Qualifier and Imagery Award at in the Bromine Group
 * 2022: 1st Place, Engineering Excellence, and Engineering Inspiration Award at DC Qualifier, Engineering Inspiration Award at the Chesapeake District Event qualifying for the FIRST World Championship
 * 2023: Design Award at Bethesda, MD Qualifier, Autonomous Award at Timonium, MD Qualifier, team won 1st Place and Mentor Rose Young won the prestigious Woodie Flowers award at the Chesapeake District Event, qualifying the team for the FIRST World Championship for the second year in a row

Marching band
The Liberty High School Marching Band is known as the "Lions' Pride". In the past three years, the marching band has scored in the top two of their Atlantic coast competition circuit, the Tournament of Bands. The Lions' Pride marching band is currently an open class, Group 3 band, and is ranked first in its local Chapter 5 region of the TOB tournament area. In addition, it hosts the highest-scoring Drum Major in the Atlantic Coast Championship of 2014. In the years of 2018 and 2019 the Lions Pride Band broke TOB history by being the first Maryland band to win the Atlantic Coast Championship (ACC) back to back. In 2018 the Lions Pride Band Won ACCs for the first time ever with a score of 98.0 and awards for high music, visual and, drum major. Following up that season in 2019 for the first time in TOB history a Maryland band won the Atlantic Coast Championships back to back. They came away with a score of 96.2 and an award for high brass.

title: Liberty High School (Maryland)


text:
1822 in art

Events in the year 1822 in Art.

Events

 * Nicéphore Niépce creates the first permanent photograph through his heliographic process.
 * The Mauritshuis in The Hague opens to the public as a state art museum.
 * Henry Raeburn is knighted and appointed royal limner.

Works

 * Lorenzo Bartolini – The Campbell Sisters dancing a Waltz (marble)
 * Eugène Delacroix – The Barque of Dante (first major work)
 * John Doyle – The Life of a Racehorse (prints)
 * Charles Lock Eastlake – The Colosseum from the Esquiline
 * William Etty – Youth on the Prow, and Pleasure at the Helm (first version)
 * Caspar David Friedrich
 * The Lonely Tree
 * Moonrise by the Sea
 * The Tree of Crows
 * Théodore Géricault – portraits of insane inmates of the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris made for the psychiatrist Étienne-Jean Georget.
 * Insane Woman
 * Portrait of a Kleptomaniac
 * Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin – Anchises and Venus
 * Louis Hersent – Ruth
 * Orest Kiprensky – Portrait of Ekaterina Avdulina
 * Jérôme-Martin Langlois - Diana and Endymion
 * Sir Thomas Lawrence – Portrait of Marguerite, Countess of Blessington
 * Louis-François, Baron Lejeune – Battle of Moscow, 7th September 1812
 * Guillaume Guillon-Lethière - The Oath of the Ancestors
 * John Martin – The Destruction of Pompeii and Herculaneum
 * Charles Willson Peale – The Artist in His Museum
 * Pierre Paul Prud'hon – Crucifixion
 * Pierre Révoil – Mary, Queen of Scots, Separated from Her Followers
 * John Trumbull – Surrender of General Burgoyne
 * Richard Westmacott – statue of Achilles (Wellington Monument, London)
 * David Wilkie – The Chelsea Pensioners reading the Waterloo Dispatch

Births

 * February 16 – Herman Frederik Carel ten Kate, Dutch watercolorist (died 1891)
 * March 16 – Rosa Bonheur, French animal painter (died 1899)
 * May 18? – Mathew Brady, American photographer (died 1896)
 * June 1 – Clementina Maude, Viscountess Hawarden, née Clementina Elphinstone Fleeming, British portrait photographer (died 1865)
 * August 27 – Theodor Martens, German painter (died 1884)
 * October 7 – Francis Frith, English topographical photographer (died 1898)

Deaths

 * January 14 – Franz Kobell, German painter, etcher and draftsman (born 1749)
 * January 22 – Rudolph Schadow, German sculptor (born 1786)
 * February 11 – Arthur William Devis, English painter of history paintings and portraits (born 1762)
 * March 23 – Charles Clément Balvay, French engraver mainly working in intaglio and exclusively in burin (born 1756)
 * April 3 – Friedrich Justin Bertuch, German patron of the arts (born 1747)
 * April 17 – Dmitry Levitzky, Russian-Ukrainian portrait painter (born 1735)
 * May 6 – Charles Peale Polk, American portrait painter (born 1767)
 * May 11 – Gerard van Spaendonck, Dutch painter (born 1746)
 * May 19 (bur.) – Daniel Havell, English engraver (born 1785)
 * September 24 - Achille Etna Michallon, French landscape painter (born 1796)
 * October 9 - Richard Earlom, English engraver (born 1742)
 * October 13 – Antonio Canova, Italian sculptor (born 1757)
 * October 25 – James Sowerby, English naturalist and illustrator (born 1757)
 * November 17 – Joaquim Machado de Castro, Portuguese sculptor (born 1731)
 * December 10 – Bertrand Andrieu, French engraver and medalist (born 1761)
 * December 28 – Albert Christoph Dies, German painter and composer (born 1755)
 * date unknown
 * Pierre Audouin, French engraver (born 1768)
 * Antoine Cardon, also known as Cardon the Elder, Belgian painter, portraitist and engraver (born 1739)
 * Kim Deuk-sin, Korean painter, official painter of the Joseon court (born 1754)
 * Nathaniel Plimer, English miniaturist (born 1757)
 * Mariano Ramón Sánchez, Spanish painter primarily of portrait miniatures (born 1740)

title: 1822 in art


text: Category:History of Moldova

title: Category:History of Moldova


text:
Talk:Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health

MC’s revert
I would like to note here my objection to MC’s reversion of reliably sourced content added to the article on Sept 15. I have other things pressing at the moment, but give will a fuller explanation here as soon possible. EMP (talk 19:20, 16 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Appropriate sourcing is necessary, but not sufficient, for inclusion. Material must also be presented neutrally and without without undue weight. Per WP:MEDRS, it is especially important to avoid juxtaposing lower-quality sources to editorially "debunk" the conclusions of higher-quality sources. MastCell Talk 19:39, 16 September 2013 (UTC)
 * I fully agree with that reasoning. Lower quality sources by their very nature have much less weight to try and be used to attack higher quality sources, IRWolfie- (talk) 22:45, 16 September 2013 (UTC)

@Mastcell: You have reverted criticism of quality assessment methods used in the 2007 AHRQ-funded review by Ospina et al, with three supporting references. You have said that these references are low quality and are being given undue weight. But this is not the case. The references cited, and others that I will add here, are of excellent quality, and in addition much more up-to-date: 1) The 2012 protocol for the new AHRQ-funded review of meditation and health takes issue with the 2007 AHRQ-Ospina review’s insistence on double-blinding in quality assessment: “Double-blinding, a major component of the report’s evaluation criteria, is not an appropriate control for placebo in meditation research . . . . Several reviewers have objected to the use of double-blinding in meditation research.”  2)  A 2012 systematic review and meta-analysis by Chen, published in the journal, Depression and Anxiety, explicitly criticizes the quality assessment criteria of the Ospina review. 3) Orme-Johnson, in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, which is on the Brandon/Hill list that MEDRS recommends as core, also critiques Ospina’s approach to quality assessment. His commentary appeared alongside the journal-published version of Ospina’s review. The reliability of this source is also evidenced by Orme-Johnson’s comments being cited in the 2012 AHRQ protocol mentioned in 1) above. Here are two more: 4) The extensive 2013 American Heart Association review of meditation and health notes Ospina 2007 has been criticized on methodological grounds, citing two meta-analyses. 5) A 2010 systematic review and meta-analysis authored by Chiesa and Serretti, published in Psychiatry Research, points out Ospina’s outdated quality assessment, and acknowledges Orme-Johnson's contribution in identifying this as a problem.

Note also that the AHRQ has archived Ospina 2007 as no longer current.

The modest criticism of Ospina 2007 that was reverted Sept 15 is substantiated by several high-quality and up-to-date sources. It is clearly a significant viewpoint and deserves appropriate mention in this article, as per WP:MEDRS, WP:WEIGHT and WP:NPOV. EMP (talk 22:15, 19 September 2013 (UTC)
 * It's a misuse to quote the 2012 AHRQ protocol document as a criticism or refutation of the 2007 review. The protocol doesn't dismiss the 2007 document, but rather seeks to update and improve it. We'll replace the 2007 review as soon as the update is published. Incidentally, I think that you'll find the updated analysis to be, if anything, more negative about the evidence for health benefits from TM than was the 2007 Ospina analysis. But we'll see. Chen 2012 analyzed meditation approaches in general. Of the 40 trials included in their meta-analysis, only 3 dealt with TM. It's a real stretch to use that paper to say anything specific about TM. If you're citing it because one sentence in the middle of the 5,000-word paper supports your effort to dismiss the 2007 Ospina paper, then, well, I'm not sure what to tell you. (The paper is for anyone curious). Orme-Johnson is a TM advocate and an employee of Maharishi University. An opinion piece from a TM employee, published in a relatively obscure journal, cannot be presented as a refutation of a definitive AHRQ systematic review. A more fundamental violation of WP:WEIGHT and WP:MEDRS would be difficult to imagine. Let's say a large, high-quality meta-analysis by AHRQ finds that Merck's new antidepressant is ineffective. Then, an employee of Merck writes an opinion piece in a low-profile, non-mainstream journal disputing the AHRQ findings. Do we present the Merck employee's opinion as the last word on the subject, without even mentioning that he works for Merck? That's exactly what you're proposing. The bottom line is that there's a well-established hierarchy of reliable and credible clinical evidence. AHRQ reviews and Cochrane Library reviews are near the top of that hierarchy. If you're unhappy with the 2007 AHRQ findings, you're in luck; they're being updated as we speak. There is no deadline, and we'll get the updated findings into the article once they're finalized. Until then, please respect distinctions in source quality. MastCell Talk 23:31, 19 September 2013 (UTC)

I’d like to backtrack slightly, for the sake of any who may just be coming to this discussion. Here is how we got to where we are: On July 17, IRWolfie deleted content that critcized the approach to assessing experimental quality used in the 2007 AHRQ-Ospina review of meditation and health. He used the following edit summary: (he removed several items under this one edit summary). The content deleted: "TM researcher and former Maharishi University of Management professor David Orme-Johnson said that the review's use of double blinding, which is required by the Jadad scale, is not appropriate to meditation research and that the review failed to assess more relevant determinants of research quality. (Ref: 2008 commentary by Orme-Johnson published in the Brandon/Hill-listed Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine)." which had come after the sentences, "A 2007 review of meditative practices that included Transcendental Meditation concluded that the definitive health effects of meditation cannot be determined as the scientific evidence was of poor quality. The review found that meditation has no advantage over health education to improve blood pressure, body weight, heart rate, stress, anger, self-efficacy, cholesterol, dietary intake, or level of physical activity in hypertensive patients” (ref: 2007 AHRQ-funded systematic review by Ospina et al.)."

On Sept 16, I added to the article a much briefer statement of criticism of quality assessment methodology in Ospina 2007 (I simply followed the first sentence in the quotation immediately above [ending in "was of poor quality"] with “though the review has been criticized for using an inappropriate method for assessing quality”), and included references to two additional sources. This was reverted by MastCell, with the edit summary, On Sept 19, I explained on this page that the three sources I had cited, plus two more, are not only reliable, but of high quality. Let me further elaborate: In WP:MEDRS, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and official position papers of major scientific bodies are considered ideal evidence. My five sources included two systematic reviews, the published 2012 research protocol for a new federally-funded review of meditation and health, and an extensive 2013 review by the American Heart Association, which cited two meta-analyses. Here are the five sources, this time also including their actual comment on Ospina 2007: 1) A 2012 systematic review and meta-analysis by Chen et al. . Note that my purpose here is not to cite Chen’s findings on TM and anxiety, but rather their criticism of Ospina’s methodology: "" 2) The 2013 Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association on Alternative Approaches to Lowering Blood Pressure : "(referring to Ospina et al 2007)," 3) A 2010 systematic review and meta-analysis by Chiesa and Serretti The authors discuss limitations of their own review in the light of Ospina 2007: "" 4) The published 2012 protocol for the new AHRQ-funded review of meditation and health. This protocol analyzes methodologies utilized in AHRQ-Ospina 2007 and other early reviews of meditation and health, and as such is an excellent source of authoritative commentary on this subject. My quotation of this source in this context is not a “misuse,” as alleged by Mastcell. Their comment: "" @Mastcell: note that the forthcoming AHRQ review isn't an “update” of Ospina 2007. It has a different scope—it does not look at several of the main Ospina outcomes, such as blood pressure. Also, its inclusion criteria are much narrower. 5) A 2008 commentary by Orme-Johnson, published in the Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. This is not an “obscure” journal, as evidenced by the fact that Ospina et al. sought it out to publish their major 2008 article [PMID: 19123875], in which they summarise much of their 2007 review. Significantly, Orme-Johnson’s commentary appeared adjacent to this article in the same issue. Clearly the journal editors felt the comments of this author to be worthy of note, notwithstanding he is a former professor at Maharishi University. Also, his commentary is cited by the 2012 AHRQ protocol and the 2010 Chiesa systematic review. As noted above, JACM is on the MEDRS-recommended Brandon/Hill list of core medical publications. Therefore I am not making “pseudoscientific claims,” or using low quality sources to debunk higher-quality ones. Several MEDRS-compliant sources indicate that Ospina 2007 was flawed in its methods for assessing scientific quality. WP:NPOV says neutral editing means “representing fairly, proportionately, and, as far as possible, without bias, all of the significant views that have been published by reliable sources on a topic.” The common view of these five sources is significant and its complete exclusion is not justified by Wikipedia policy. EMP (talk) 20:34, 25 September 2013 (UTC)
 * The "Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine" is not a reliable source, whether its on some hallowed list or not. It makes statements that are clearly incompatible with more reliable sources such as . The reliability of each article would need to be established on a case by case basis (in this case it is unreliable since the material is by a TM advocate) IRWolfie- (talk) 10:48, 28 September 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health. Please take a moment to review my edit. You may add after the link to keep me from modifying it, if I keep adding bad data, but formatting bugs should be reported instead. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether, but should be used as a last resort. I made the following changes:
 * Attempted to fix sourcing for //http:/nasw.org/users/ASkolnick/mav.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 09:00, 31 March 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 13 external links on Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.ayurveda-products.eu/CONTACT%2B_%2B7.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.maharishi-india.org/programmes/p4sthap.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.vedicknowledge.com/vastu.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.maharishi-india.org/programmes/p7/calendar.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091228201059/http://maharishi-programmes.globalgoodnews.com/vedic-health/index.html to http://maharishi-programmes.globalgoodnews.com/vedic-health/index.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.mcvm.info/courses.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.mcvm.info/faculty.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://dl.globalgoodnews.com/.../Maharishi-Vedic-Approach-to-Health.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for https://http/nasw.org/users/ASkolnick/mav.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://abcnews.go.com/print?id=9218475
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://scientificwritingservices.com/cv.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.deutsche-nachrichten-agentur.de/de/verzeichnis/wirtschaft/investitionen/524625052
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.maharishi.co.uk/safety/HeavyElementsInAyurvedaMedicines.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:35, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131116084448/http://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/index.cfm/search-for-guides-reviews-and-reports/?pageaction=displayproduct&productID=98 to http://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/index.cfm/search-for-guides-reviews-and-reports/?pageaction=displayproduct&productid=98
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091201120725/http://www.tmbusiness.org/american-medical-association.html to http://www.tmbusiness.org/american-medical-association.html
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20121224101608/http://ukpmc.ac.uk/pagerender.cgi?artid=582477&pageindex=2 to http://ukpmc.ac.uk/pagerender.cgi?artid=582477&pageindex=2
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091130151158/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2307/stories/20060421004011200.htm to http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2307/stories/20060421004011200.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:07, 13 January 2018 (UTC)

Lead Section
I am inquiring about the second paragraph of the lead section in this article. According to WP:LEAD and MOS:LEAD, the lead section should be written in "a clear, accessible style with a neutral point of view." I know the 1991 article and 2008 study are extensively discussed in the Wiki article; however, it feels like there is a lack of a NPOV in the lead section. Would shortening and making this paragraph more concise contribute to a more NPOV in the lead section? Whitestar12 (talk) 04:05, 15 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health


text:
Talk:Liubartas

Lubart's wives
The below text (in Ukrainian ?) comes from Jewna, see also Talk:Jewna. I am no expert on the subject, and only found sources in Russian, so I thought I'd ask for help before merging it into the article - could someone please verify and proofread for the names, etc. Thanks for help -  Introvert   talk  23:23, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

the original text ((Ukrainian?)
ДРУЖИНИ:

АННА (Єфемії, Агрипіні, Агрофіні) (? - 1349), дочка Льва (Андрія) Юрійовича Волинського. Одружений 1331 р.

АГАФІЯ (Ольга), дочка Констянтина Ростовського, племінниця Сімеона Івановича. Одружений 1349 р.

Note: the author left his email together with the original posting

approximate translation
Wives

 * Anna (Eufimia, Agrippina, Agrofinia) (? — 1349), daughter of Lev (Andrey) Yurievich, Prince Volynskyi; married in 1331.
 * Agafia (Olga), daughter of Konstantin of Rostov and niece to Simeon Ivanovich Gordyi; married in 1349.

- Introvert   talk  23:23, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I wonder were is this data from. There is some better source (in ukrainian): http://www.litopys.org.ua/dynasty/dyn41.htm http://www.litopys.org.ua/dynasty/dyn57.htm

Why Lubart is King?
Who crowned him? He's just Knyaz in Ukrainian and Russian history.

jak Lubart został władcą księstwa Łuckiego
po śmierci Jurija Lwowicza (1308 lub 1315?) Andrzej Jurewicz (jako starszy brat) przejął władzę w całym księstwie halicko-włodzimierskim co potwierdza jego list do kupców w Toruniu z 1320 roku.Lew Jurewicz otrzymał księstwo Łuckie (!) O tym że on właśnie był księciem łucki potwierdzają latopisy litewskie wg. których również wynika że obaj Jurewicze (Lew i Andrzej) zostali zabici w walkach z Gedyminem (!) :Andrzej pod Włodzimierzem (ok.1322) a Lew pod Kijowem (ok.1323). Lubart którego żona była CÓRKĄ Lwa Jurewicza odziedziczył po jego śmierci właśnie TYLKO księstwo łuckie.Gdyby  żona Lubarta była RZECZYWIŚCIE  córką Andrzeja Lwowicza to nie sądzę aby Gedymin odstąpił od planu przejęcia przez swego syna całego spadku jakim były: księstwo halickie i księstwo Włodzimierskie (niepoprawnie nazywane "Wołyńskim").Szybko zresztą udało się Gedyminowi osiągnąć ten cel.Przecież po śmierci Bolesława Trojdenowicza ruscy bojarzy bez problemów ogłosili Lubarta władcą zarówno Wołynia jak i Galicjii... Prof.A.M.Szymski (Polska) 80.94.29.139 (talk) 23:29, 3 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Liubartas


text:
Talk:Wagashi

Anpan wagashi?
Very few (zero I guess) Japanese people would call "anpan" or "kakigori" types of "wagashi". I have made a list, List of Japanese snack food, which gives lots of different snacks like this, so I suggest removing these names from this article and putting a link from this article to there. I hope this is acceptable. --DannyWilde 23:24, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I removed "anpan". --Nightshadow28 07:17, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

Congrats
This page is about a million times better than when I worked on it months (years?) ago. Congratulations editors! brain 00:18, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

Suama?
I've read several times on the Wikipedia articles about Cardcaptors/Cardcaptor Sakura that there exists a snack called "Suama". It is only mentioned in those articles and in an article about Tarepanda, so I don't know anything about it; however, the pictures I saw when I Googled it look quite similar to the first image in this article. So I would like to know -- is Suama a type of wagashi? If so, can someone who knows anything substantial about Suama please add it to the list? Thanks. 24.150.196.215 (talk) 20:06, 2 August 2008 (UTC)

It is currently extremely difficult to verify facts in this article
There has been a banner at the top of the page for nearly 4 years, requesting more inline citations for all the facts presented in this article. But there are so few references at all here. I tried to verify a few things, such as the Rin Jōin story of sweet dumplings, etc. The article offers nothing, and web searches for some of the facts also turn up nothing. Quite concerning, really, since Wikipedia requires reliable sources for *everything*. Anyways, I'll do what I can... I will start to tag a few specific things inline as "citation needed", in hopes that someone can follow up. --Ds13 (talk) 04:20, 7 November 2011 (UTC)

Seiobo link
It directs to a wiki article of taoism. Is the name of the wagashi correct? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.173.81.2 (talk) 05:52, 22 July 2012 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 10:07, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

AmirMortazaviamir129@gmail.com 5.126.123.68 (talk) 14:03, 11 November 2023 (UTC)

Definition?
I've re-read this multiple times, and it has much good information in it. However, I'm confused by the most basic level of what is wagashi as opposed to any other Japanese dessert. Based on what's in this article, the term doesn't seem to just mean sweets in general, but it clearly doesn't mean just one type of sweet/dessert. It would be useful to see information that explains what differentiates wagashi from other types of sweets / desserts. Thanks in advance! 10:37, 1 February 2024 (UTC) 138.88.222.3 (talk) 10:37, 1 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wagashi


text:
Richard Wainwright

Richard Wainwright may refer to:

Military

 * Richard Wainwright (American Civil War naval officer) (1817–1862), Commander in the Union Navy during the American Civil War
 * Richard Wainwright (Spanish–American War naval officer) (1849–1926), Admiral in the U.S. Navy during the Spanish–American War
 * Richard Wainwright (World War I naval officer) (1881–1944), Commander in the U.S. Navy, awarded Medal of Honor

Others

 * Richard Wainwright (composer) (1757–1825), English church organist and composer
 * Richard Wainwright (politician) (1918–2003), British politician and businessman

title: Richard Wainwright


text:
Talk:Capitol Heights station

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 15:14, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Franconia–Springfield (WMATA station) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 19:15, 23 December 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Capitol Heights station. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090329235921/http://transit.schuminweb.com:80/transit/wmata/blue-line.php?station=G02 to http://transit.schuminweb.com/transit/wmata/blue-line.php?station=G02

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:09, 14 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Capitol Heights station