text:
Limits of computation

The limits of computation are governed by a number of different factors. In particular, there are several physical and practical limits to the amount of computation or data storage that can be performed with a given amount of mass, volume, or energy.

Processing and memory density

 * The Bekenstein bound limits the amount of information that can be stored within a spherical volume to the entropy of a black hole with the same surface area.
 * Thermodynamics limit the data storage of a system based on its energy, number of particles and particle modes. In practice, it is a stronger bound than the Bekenstein bound.

Processing speed

 * Bremermann's limit is the maximum computational speed of a self-contained system in the material universe, and is based on mass–energy versus quantum uncertainty constraints.

Communication delays

 * The Margolus–Levitin theorem sets a bound on the maximum computational speed per unit of energy: 6 × 1033 operations per second per joule. This bound, however, can be avoided if there is access to quantum memory. Computational algorithms can then be designed that require arbitrarily small amounts of energy/time per one elementary computation step.

Energy supply

 * Landauer's principle defines a lower theoretical limit for energy consumption: $kT ln 2$ consumed per irreversible state change, where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the operating temperature of the computer. Reversible computing is not subject to this lower bound.  T cannot, even in theory, be made lower than 3 kelvins, the approximate temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation, without spending more energy on cooling than is saved in computation. However, on a timescale of 109 – 1010 years, the cosmic microwave background radiation will be decreasing exponentially, which has been argued to eventually enable 1030 as much computations per unit of energy.  Important parts of this argument have been disputed.

Building devices that approach physical limits
Several methods have been proposed for producing computing devices or data storage devices that approach physical and practical limits:
 * A cold degenerate star could conceivably be used as a giant data storage device, by carefully perturbing it to various excited states, in the same manner as an atom or quantum well used for these purposes. Such a star would have to be artificially constructed, as no natural degenerate stars will cool to this temperature for an extremely long time. It is also possible that nucleons on the surface of neutron stars could form complex "molecules", which some have suggested might be used for computing purposes, creating a type of computronium based on femtotechnology, which would be faster and denser than computronium based on nanotechnology.
 * It may be possible to use a black hole as a data storage or computing device, if a practical mechanism for extraction of contained information can be found. Such extraction may in principle be possible (Stephen Hawking's proposed resolution to the black hole information paradox). This would achieve storage density exactly equal to the Bekenstein bound. Seth Lloyd calculated the computational abilities of an "ultimate laptop" formed by compressing a kilogram of matter into a black hole of radius 1.485 × 10−27 meters, concluding that it would only last about 10−19 seconds before evaporating due to Hawking radiation, but that during this brief time it could compute at a rate of about 5 × 1050 operations per second, ultimately performing about 1032 operations on 1016 bits (~1 PB). Lloyd notes that "Interestingly, although this hypothetical computation is performed at ultra-high densities and speeds, the total number of bits available to be processed is not far from the number available to current computers operating in more familiar surroundings."
 * In The Singularity Is Near, Ray Kurzweil cites the calculations of Seth Lloyd that a universal-scale computer is capable of 1090 operations per second. The mass of the universe can be estimated at 3 × 1052 kilograms. If all matter in the universe was turned into a black hole, it would have a lifetime of 2.8 × 10139 seconds before evaporating due to Hawking radiation. During that lifetime such a universal-scale black hole computer would perform 2.8 × 10229 operations.

Abstract limits in computer science
In the field of theoretical computer science the computability and complexity of computational problems are often sought-after. Computability theory describes the degree to which problems are computable, whereas complexity theory describes the asymptotic degree of resource consumption. Computational problems are therefore confined into complexity classes. The arithmetical hierarchy and polynomial hierarchy classify the degree to which problems are respectively computable and computable in polynomial time. For instance, the level $$\Sigma^0_0=\Pi^0_0=\Delta^0_0$$ of the arithmetical hierarchy classifies computable, partial functions. Moreover, this hierarchy is strict such that at any other class in the arithmetic hierarchy classifies strictly uncomputable functions.

Loose and tight limits
Many limits derived in terms of physical constants and abstract models of computation in computer science are loose. Very few known limits directly obstruct leading-edge technologies, but many engineering obstacles currently cannot be explained by closed-form limits.

title: Limits of computation


text:
House of Clermont-Tonnerre

The House of Clermont-Tonnerre is a French noble family, members of which played some part in the history of France, especially in Dauphiné, from about 1100 to the French Revolution (1789–99).

History
Sibaud, lord of Clermont in Viennois, who first appears in 1080, was the founder of the family. His descendant, another Sibaud, commanded some troops which aided Pope Calixtus II in his struggle with the Antipope Gregory VIII. In return for this service, it is said that the pope allowed him to add certain emblems, two keys and a tiara to the arms of his family.

A direct descendant, Ainard (died 1349), called Viscount of Clermont, was granted the dignity of captain-general and first baron of Dauphiné by his suzerain Humbert, dauphin of Viennois, in 1340; and in 1547 Clermont was made a county for Antoine (died 1578), who was governor of Dauphiné and the French king's lieutenant in Savoy. In 1572, Antoine's son Henri was created a duke, but as this was only a brevet title it did not descend to his son. Henri was killed before La Rochelle in 1573. In 1596 Henri's son, Charles Henri, count of Clermont (died 1640), added Tonnerre to his heritage; but in 1648 this county was sold by his son and successor, François (died 1679).

A member of a younger branch of Charles Henri's descendants was Gaspard de Clermont-Tonnerre (1688–1781). This soldier served his country during a long period, fighting in Bohemia and Alsace, and then distinguishing himself greatly at the battles of Fontenoy and Lawfeldt. In 1775, he was created Duke of Clermont-Tonnerre, and made a peer of France. As the senior marshal (c. 1747) of France, he assisted as constable at the Coronation of Louis XVI in 1775. His son and successor, Charles Henri Jules, governor of Dauphiné, was guillotined in July 1794, a fate which his grandson, Gaspard Charles, had suffered at Lyon in the previous year.

A later duke, Aimé Marie Gaspard (1779–1865), served for some years as a soldier, afterwards becoming minister of marine and then minister of war under Charles X during the last days of the Bourbon Restoration, in the cabinet of the Count de Villèle. He retired to private life after the revolution of 1830. Aimé's grandson, Roger, duke of Clermont-Tonnerre, was born in 1842.

Among other distinguished members of this family was Catherine (c. 1545 – 1603), daughter of Claude de Clermont-Tonnerre. This lady, dame d'honneur to Henry II's queen, Catherine de' Medici, and afterwards wife of Albert de Gondi, duc de Retz, won a great reputation by her intellectual attainments, being referred to as the tenth muse and the fourth grace. One of her grandsons was the famous Cardinal de Retz.

Other noteworthy members of collateral branches of the family were: François (1629–1701), bishop of Noyon from 1661 until his death, a member of the French Academy, notorious for his inordinate vanity; Stanislas Marie Adelaide, comte de Clermont-Tonnerre; and Anne Antoine Jules (1749–1830), cardinal and bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, who was a member of the states-general in 1789, afterwards retiring to Germany, and after the return of the Bourbons to France became Archbishop of Toulouse.

In 1909, Peter Kropotkin tells the story of one military commander, Clermont-Tonnerre, who in 1788 promulgated the edict which dissolved the parlement of the people of Grenoble during the French Revolution. The tocsin was rung, and the alarm spreading quickly to the neighboring villages, the peasants hastened in crowds the town. There was combat between civilians and soldiers, and many were killed. After street skirmishing, the commander's guard was rendered helpless, and Clermont-Tonnerre's palace was sacked. Clermont-Tonnerre, with an axe held over his head, had to revoke the royal edict.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: House of Clermont-Tonnerre


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Park School of Buffalo

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was NO CONSENSUS. Linuxbeak | Talk 23:35, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

The Park School of Buffalo
To me, this article looks like a disguised attempt of advertising, esp. since the school is a private school.

I am not from that region. This school might be a local institution, worth listing. In that case, however I think the article should be vastly expanded.

Eptalon 15:49, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This afd nomination was orphaned. Listing now.  Keep schools. —Cryptic (talk) 09:01, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NN private school, advertising. You're happy to list many orphan pages with a "no opinion" vote, but here you put in a Keep...just because it's a school? With no reference to article content at all? Did you even look at the linked website?--inksT 10:04, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, it's a very small private school. From 1993 to 1997, they only had one graduate a year. -- Kjkolb 10:59, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * That is because many students go there only for K-8, then go to a local high school. --CastAStone 21:37, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * They must have increased their number of graduates, since their graduates from 2001 to 2005 attended 84 different colleges, thus they must have averaged more than 16 graduates a year, and presumably more since every single one probably didn't go to a different college.  No vote. --Metropolitan90 03:31, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * That makes sense. I looked everywhere to find a number of students and all I found was the graduate list. -- Kjkolb 06:12, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, advertising. --Last Malthusian 11:38, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep 255 isn't a lot of students, but it's enough. It's uniqueness adds to it's worthieness as an article.  In its present state, it's not an advertisement.  I think generally the more independent a school is (e.g. private or charter), the more it warrants it's own article.   --rob 14:14, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete private schools, because (unlike public schools), I could found one tomorrow, and so could anyone. Xoloz 15:14, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * On average private schools are more notable than public schools. You appear to be arguing that Eton College should be deleted. You could also found a company tomorrow, indeed it would be a lot easier than founding a school, but try nominating Wal-Mart for deletion and seeing what happens! CalJW 16:36, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per Schools/Arguments. Private college prep schools are just as encyclopedic as public educational institutions.  Silensor 15:59, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The idea that private schools should be singled out for deletion is absurd, and throws deletionist contentions about notability to the winds. CalJW 16:36, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep though the school is not a local institution per say as wondered by the nom (I live about 5 mi from it), it could be kept because its history and significance. It is Buffalo's only suburban private school, and its only non-Catholic private school. As to the arguement that this is an advertisement, I disagree. --CastAStone 21:37, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Vivian Darkbloom 21:40, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, established school. Kappa 23:04, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please this is an important school we can include it Yuckfoo 00:10, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn school --JAranda | yeah 00:29, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. School with a long enough history. --Vsion 09:31, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep — RJH 14:55, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Time is valuable. Diskspace is not. Hipocrite - « Talk » 15:12, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn school. Dottore So 19:19, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. 255 reasons to go ride a bicycle.--Nicodemus75 20:49, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, elementary School.Gateman1997 20:52, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The fact this school teaches up to and including grade 12 has been verified. This isn't another case of a school article making fictional claims of grades taught.  The fact it teaches elementary grades as well, doesn't make it less signficant.  --rob 21:08, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Noted. Doesn't change the fact that it is a poorly written article about a questionably deserving building.Gateman1997 21:32, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It doesn't say anything about the building(s). Kappa 22:01, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * A school is by it's very nature a collection of one or more buildings. This set isn't special.Gateman1997 22:13, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * If that is so, your view regarding schools is a limited one, one which many here do not subscribe to. Silensor 22:15, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It's also the view that about 50-60% of users DO ascribe too. Which is probably the basis for the neverending lack of consensus. Half of us see schools as building in which some education happens, others see them as some higher trancendent institution that is more then the sum of it's parts. I've seen too many schools close with no repercussions to accept that view.Gateman1997 22:30, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * A school is not a building, it uses a building. By the same token, a playground, computer network, school web site, are also not schools.  They're used by schools.  Sometimes two schools share one building (with entirely seperate administration, faculty, student bodies; and very occasionally even separate school boards).  Obviously, countless schools also have multiple buildings, often disconnected.  Often, schools move, or replace buildings, but the school goes on, and just one article for the school exists.  One should understand what something is before deleting it.  --rob 22:33, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Obviously we disagree on this point. If the Park School of Buffalo building were to burn down... that school would cease to exist. You cannot deny this. The students would be moved to other schools until the building was ressurected. And even then there is no guarentee that would happen. Or by the same token if a school were to close the institution would be gone, but the building would still be there (infact we have a few articles for just such school buildings). A school is a building nothing more. Sure there can be more then one group of students sharing the building, but if the building ceases to exist so does the school. Admittedly this tendency is more prevailent in public schools then private schools as private schools tend to have alumni and benefactors that are also interested in maintaining the institutional aspects.Gateman1997 22:39, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You don't know what a school is, unfortunately. If the school burnt down, and they found other places to house them, and then rebuilt the structure, then the school would continue to exist.  The same article would apply to the school before and after.  In fact, there are a number of articles where a school has relocated, and one article applies to the same school, for the entire time period.  This is especially true of private schools, charter schools, and special program schools.  Now, some district schools would be shut-down in such a case, but that's not a universal rule.    --rob 22:48, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Please stop starting your responses by insulting me. We obviously disagree, that doesn't make either of us right. And yes it's possible they would relocate the school, but that's more likely in the case of a private school. As I said before if a public school closes its institiutional aspects are gone, finito, kaput, but the building remains and is still Such and Such School.Gateman1997 22:59, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This is just patently false. This is a nonsensical argument created to support the absurd contention that schools are just buildings (and therefore unimportant). My Junior High School burned down when I was in grade 7 (about 70% of the original site was destroyed). The school district decided to rebuild the school while cleanup of the old site was still going on. They obtained land in a different community within the same city and rebuilt the school. I attended the school as soon as it opened the following winter, it had the same name, same staff, same students, same mascot, same colours, same school song, same motto, same programs, same curriculum, some awards had been salvaged from the old school- but it clearly had a different (AND BETTER, I might add) building. The old site, when cleaned up then was used by the district to construct a new elementary school, which made use of the 30% or so of the old building (including the gynmasium), which had a different staff, different name, taught a different level of schooling, etc. etc. Surely the newly constructed building was the same school (with the same name, etc.) that had been my Junior High School - not the 30% of old buildings that had been incorporated into the new elementary school. Clearly, the institutional structures of the school persisted, even though it's original building had been destroyed. What is more, while our classes were indeed taken inside other active school buildings, our classes were maintained, and we were taught by teachers from our school. There was no integration with the other schools whose buildings housed our classes while we were awaiting our new facilities (in fact, some students from my Junior High School took classes at a local YMCA, and some in a church basement during that year). We were still a school even though the buildings were gone, and the YMCA didn't become our school because it was the building. My solitary example illustrates how simplistic some of the approaches from "those who routinely vote to delete school articles" with respect to schools really are. I actually have two or three other examples that come to mind that disprove, but truly, one example is sufficient to debunk the idea that "A school is a building nothing more."--Nicodemus75 19:56, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I think the burned out junior high you mentioned sounds far more real to me, than that K-8 Clovis Oceanview.  I think its actually good we've got to the heart of the debate, which is about what a school is. --rob 09:42, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable private school. Christopher Parham (talk) 22:21, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neutralitytalk 04:51, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete just a school -- red stucco 08:26, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pilatus 09:46, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Silensor. -- DS1953 14:46, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep schools per Silensor and Cryptic.--Gaff talk 00:23, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:205.215.222.145

title: User talk:205.215.222.145


text:
Howard Who?

Howard Who? is a science fiction short story collection by American writer Howard Waldrop. It was released on July 1, 1986.

Contents

 * "Howard Who?" (introduction by George R. R. Martin)
 * "The Ugly Chickens" (Nebula Award winner)
 * "Der Untergang des Abendlandesmenschen"
 * "Ike at the Mike"
 * "Dr. Hudson's Secret Gorilla"
 * "...The World, as We Know't"
 * "Green Brother"
 * "Mary Margaret Road-Grader"
 * "Save a Place in the Lifeboat for Me"
 * "Horror, We Got"
 * "Man-Mountain Gentian"
 * "God's Hooks!"
 * "Heirs of the Perisphere"

title: Howard Who?


text:
East (European Parliament constituency)

East was a European Parliament constituency in Ireland. It elected 3 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

History and boundaries
The constituency was created for the 2004 election and was a successor to the constituency of Leinster. From 2004 to 2009, it comprised the Leinster counties excluding the Dublin constituency. For the 2009 election, the counties of Longford and Westmeath were transferred from East to the North-West constituency. It then comprised the counties Carlow, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Louth, Meath, Offaly, Wexford and Wicklow.

For the 2014 European Parliament election the constituency was abolished, with the northern part (Kildare, Laois, Louth, Meath, Offaly) transferred to the new Midlands–North-West constituency, and the southern part (Carlow, Kilkenny, Wexford, Wicklow) transferred to the South constituency.

title: East (European Parliament constituency)


text:
Template talk:Fc

Usage
Use this template combined with subst will give a link with the clubs name but using the clubs name + F.C. for destination. It is not designed to be used as a pure template call.
 * Why not use it as a pure template call? What's the point of subst-ing it? HandsomeFella (talk) 18:34, 25 August 2012 (UTC)

'club name'
 * If using it is frowned upon (I changed a lot of links to use rather than *club name* as it saves space giving the same information, but my edits were reverted), is there any point to it at all? Thanks.Thebof (talk) 08:28, 8 August 2013 (UTC)

Example
Typing Sheffield Wednesday gives Sheffield Wednesday.

Change from F.C. to FC
Changing this is premature since there has only been a brief discussion on WikiProject Football. Also, changing it before all the pages are moved will break a lot of links, since not all Foo FC redirects exist yet. — sjorford++ 14:09, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Fc


text:
Vascularity

Vascularity, in bodybuilding, is the condition of having many highly visible, prominent, and often extensively-ramified superficial veins. The skin appears "thin"—sometimes virtually transparent—due to an extreme reduction of subcutaneous fat, allowing for maximum muscle definition.

Vascularity is enhanced by extremely low body fat (usually below 10%) and low retained water, as well as the muscle engorgement ("pump") and venous distension accentuated by the vigorous flexing and potentially hazardous Valsalva effect which characterize competitive posing. Genetics and androgenic hormones will affect vascularity, as will ambient temperature. Additionally, although some bodybuilders develop arterial hypertension from performance-enhancing substances and practices, "high" venous pressure—being an order of magnitude lower than that of arteries — neither causes nor is caused by vascularity. Some bodybuilders use topical vasodilators to increase blood flow to the skin as well. Although historically controversial, vascularity is a highly-sought-after aesthetic for many male bodybuilders, but less so for female bodybuilders, where the target aesthetic is relatively more towards aesthetic symmetry than extreme development.

Bodybuilders or athletes sometimes dehydrate themselves a few days before a competition or show to achieve this so-called "ripped," vascular look. Self-dehydration is not recommended by medical professionals, as the negative and sometimes-fatal effects of the resultant water-electrolyte imbalances are well documented.

title: Vascularity


text:
Talk:Andy Knowles

Andy Knowles article needs rewrite
This made me laugh but I think it needs a re-write. I won't do it as I don't have a clue about Mr Knowles except for his wonderful drumming and even more entertaining stage presence but someone who does should. I also think the name should be changed to Andy Knowles if that is what he goes by. Jellypuzzle 15:50, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed, the article has been renamed as such. The former title, Andrew John Parker Knowles, received exactly 2 Google hits after factoring out Wikipedia.  There is still a question of whether or not this meets the criteria set forth by WP:MUSIC, but that is for yet another day.  Hall Monitor 00:06, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I've combined both the versions together by removing the silliness of the first one and keeping its information and the references from the second (adding the fansite biography). I'm still not sure it's exactly notable but he was the drummer for two pretty popular bands and does work with a semi-famous artist so it could be ok. Jellypuzzle 11:02, 28 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Wonderful work, thank you Jellypuzzle. Hall Monitor 16:25, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

I can't flipping believe Andy Knowles has a wikipedia page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.158.11.221 (talk) 11:52, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Andy Knowles


text:
Bolingbrook's Clow International Airport

Bolingbrook's Clow International Airport  is a public airport in Bolingbrook, a village in Will County, Illinois, United States. Located 29 miles (46 km) southwest of the Chicago Loop, it is a small general aviation facility catering to private pilots, students, and commuter aircraft.

History
The airport was originally a grass airstrip built by Oliver Boyd Clow in the 1950s. By 1989 it was named the best privately owned, public-use airport in Illinois. It was acquired by the Village of Bolingbrook in 2004. The village has expanded the airport, which includes a widened runway, additional taxiways, and landing glidepath lighting.

The airport was used as a location for the 1992 film Folks! with Tom Selleck and Don Ameche, which included a cameo by Clow, the founder of the airport.

Clow called the airport "Clow International" on the spur of the moment when filing a flight plan. He chose the word "international" to reflect Chicago's mixed ethnicity, rather than the airport's size: his many friends and fellow pilots were of German, Polish, and other ethnic backgrounds now making their homes in Chicago. "It was named on a lark and borders on the ridiculous, but people remember it. Sometimes the absurd is easier to remember," said Clow.

The airport received $2.4 million from the Illinois Department of Transportation during the COVID-19 pandemic as part of the Rebuild Illinois program. The money went toward replacing a taxiway and the airport's rotating beacon.

Facilities and aircraft
Bolingbrook's Clow International Airport covers an area of 205 acre and contains one runway designated 18/36 with a 3,360 x 75 ft (1,024 x 23 m) asphalt pavement.

For the 12-month period ending July 31, 2020, the airport had 50,000 aircraft operations, an average of 137 per day: 96% general aviation and 4% air taxi. For the same time period, there were 59 aircraft based at this airport: 54 single-engine and 4 multi-engine airplanes, and 1 helicopter.

The fixed-base operator (FBO) at Clow is JW Aviation. It offers fuel, aircraft parking and hangars, flight training, and aircraft rental.

Illinois Aviation Museum
The airport is also the location of the Illinois Aviation Museum at Bolingbrook, which includes a collection of restored and replica aircraft.

Accidents and incidents

 * On September 25, 2013, a Cirrus SR20 airplane crashed after the pilot attempted a go-around. The plane had two occupants; both were killed.


text:
Hjalmar Gullberg

Hjalmar Gullberg (30 May 1898 – 19 July 1961) was a Swedish poet and translator.

Career
Gullberg was born in Malmö, Scania. As a student at Lund University, he was the editor of the student magazine Lundagård. He was the manager of the Swedish Radio Theatre 1936-1950. In 1940 he was made a member of the Swedish Academy, and he also became an honorary doctor of philosophy at Lund University (1944).

A poem from Gullberg's book Kärlek i tjugonde seklet from 1933, called "Förklädd gud" ("God in disguise"), was set to music by the composer Lars-Erik Larsson in 1940. The resulting lyrical suite has become one of the most well-recognised and best loved pieces of Swedish music for choir and orchestra.

Personal life
Gullberg had been suffering from myasthenia gravis, which resulted during his last few years that he was bound to his bed. He had also been tracheotomized, and was for long periods of time connected to a ventilator. He committed suicide on 19 July 1961 by drowning at Lake Yddingen in Scania.

Selected translations and interpretations of other writers' work

 * Aristophanes: Fåglarna (The Birds) (1928)
 * Euripides: Hippolytos (Hippolytus) (1930)
 * Euripides: Medea (1931)
 * Aristophanes: Lysistrate (Lysistrata) (1932)
 * Eurypides: Alkestis (Alcestis) (1933)
 * Sophocles: Antigone (1935)
 * Molière: Den girige (L'Avare/The Miser) (1935)
 * Calderón: Spökdamen (La Dama Duende/The Phantom Lady) (1936)
 * Alfred de Musset: Lek ej med kärleken (On ne badine pas avec l'amour) (1936)
 * Gabriela Mistral: Dikter (1945)
 * Federico García Lorca: Blodsbröllop (Bodas de sangre) (1946)
 * Gabriela Mistral: Den heliga vägen (1949)
 * Molière: Den inbillade sjuke (Le Malade imaginaire/The Hypochondriac) (translated for Sveriges Radio 1954)
 * Gåsmors sagor (1955)
 * Själens dunkla natt and other interpretations of foreign lyrics (1956)
 * Aeschylus: Agamemnon (1960)
 * Franskt 1600-tal (published posthumously in 1962 with an introduction by Olle Holmberg)
 * William Shakespeare: Köpmannen i Venedig (The Merchant of Venice) (1964)
 * William Shakespeare: Som ni behagar (As You Like It) (1964)

title: Hjalmar Gullberg


text:
Transcendental Blues

Transcendental Blues is the ninth studio album by Steve Earle, released in 2000. It features Sharon Shannon on the track "The Galway Girl". The album was nominated for a Grammy in the Best Contemporary Folk Album category.

Track listing
All tracks written by Steve Earle

 * 1) "Transcendental Blues" – 4:13
 * 2) * Steve Earle – guitars, harmonium, mini-Moog, vocals
 * 3) * Dan Metz – bass
 * 4) * Ron Vance – drums
 * 5) "Everyone's in Love with You" – 3:30
 * 6) * Steve Earle – electric guitar, vocals
 * 7) * David Steele – electric guitar
 * 8) * Kelley Looney – bass
 * 9) * Will Rigby – drums, percussion
 * 10) * Tom Littlefield – vocals
 * 11) "Another Town" – 2:22
 * 12) * Steve Earle – acoustic guitar, vocals
 * 13) * David Steele – electric guitars
 * 14) * Kelley Looney – bass
 * 15) * Will Rigby – drums, percussion
 * 16) "I Can Wait" – 3:16
 * 17) * Steve Earle – 12-string acoustic, vocals
 * 18) * David Steele – electric guitar
 * 19) * Kelley Looney – bass
 * 20) * Will Rigby – drums, percussion
 * 21) * Tom Littlefield – vocals
 * 22) "The Boy Who Never Cried" – 3:46
 * 23) * Steve Earle – 12-string Guitar, harmonium, vocals
 * 24) * David Steele – bouzouki
 * 25) * Kelley Looney – bass
 * 26) * Will Rigby – drums, percussion
 * 27) * Strings arranged and conducted by Kristin Wilkinson and performed by The Love Sponge:
 * 28) ** Kristin Wilkinson – viola
 * 29) ** John Catchings – cello
 * 30) ** David Angell – violin
 * 31) ** David Davidson – violin
 * 32) "Steve's Last Ramble" – 3:38
 * 33) * Steve Earle – acoustic guitar, harmonica, vocals
 * 34) * Sharon Shannon – accordion
 * 35) * Mary Shannon – banjo
 * 36) * Liz Kane – fiddle
 * 37) * Yvonne Kane – fiddle
 * 38) * Jim Murray – gut string guitar
 * 39) * Bill Wright – bouzouki
 * 40) * David Steele – electric guitar
 * 41) * James Blennerhassett – upright bass
 * 42) * Noel Bridgeman – drums
 * 43) "The Galway Girl" – 3:05
 * 44) * Steve Earle – mandolin, vocals
 * 45) * Sharon Shannon – accordion
 * 46) * Mary Shannon – banjo
 * 47) * Liz Kane – fiddle
 * 48) * Yvonne Kane – fiddle
 * 49) * Jim Murray – guitar
 * 50) * Bill Wright – bouzouki
 * 51) * Dan Gillis – tin whistle
 * 52) * James Blennerhassett – upright bass
 * 53) * Joyce Redmond – bodhran
 * 54) * Noel Bridgeman – drums
 * 55) "Lonelier Than This" – 3:11
 * 56) * Steve Earle – acoustic guitar, vocals
 * 57) * David Steele – resonator guitar
 * 58) * Kelley Looney – bass
 * 59) * Ray Kennedy – electric guitar
 * 60) * Will Rigby – drums, percussion
 * 61) "Wherever I Go" – 1:57
 * 62) * Steve Earle – electric guitar, acoustic guitar, vocals
 * 63) * David Steele – electric 12-string guitar
 * 64) * Benmont Tench – organ, piano
 * 65) * Kelley Looney – bass
 * 66) * Will Rigby – drums
 * 67) "When I Fall" – 4:34
 * 68) * Steve Earle – acoustic guitar, harmonica, vocals
 * 69) * Stacey Earle – vocals
 * 70) * Doug Lancio – electric guitars
 * 71) * Ray Kennedy – bass
 * 72) * Patrick Earle – drums, percussion
 * 73) "I Don't Want to Lose You Yet" – 3:22
 * 74) * Steve Earle – acoustic guitar, vocals
 * 75) * David Steele – electric guitars
 * 76) * Benmont Tench – organ
 * 77) * Kelley Looney – bass
 * 78) * Will Rigby – drums, percussion
 * 79) * Tom Littlefield – vocals
 * 80) "Halo 'Round the Moon" – 2:13
 * 81) * Steve Earle – resonator guitar, harmonium, vocals
 * 82) * David Steele – resonator guitar
 * 83) * Kelley Looney – bass
 * 84) * Will Rigby – drums, percussion
 * 85) "Until the Day I Die" – 3:22
 * 86) * Steve Earle – guitar, vocals
 * 87) * Tim O'Brien – mandolin, vocals
 * 88) * Darrell Scott – banjo, vocals
 * 89) * Casey Driessen – fiddle
 * 90) * Dennis Crouch – upright bass
 * 91) "All My Life" – 3:27
 * 92) * Steve Earle – guitars, harmonium, vocals
 * 93) * Ray Kennedy – bass
 * 94) * Patrick Earle – drums, percussion
 * 95) "Over Yonder (Jonathan's Song)" – 3:51
 * 96) * Steve Earle – acoustic guitar, harmonica, vocals
 * 97) * David Steele – mandola
 * 98) * Kelley Looney – bass
 * 99) * Will Rigby – drums, percussion

Personnel

 * David Angell - violin
 * James Blennerhassett - double bass
 * Noel Bridgeman - drums
 * David Davidson - violin
 * John Catchings - cello
 * Dennis Crouch - double bass
 * Casey Driessen - fiddle
 * Patrick Earle - drums, percussion
 * Dan Gillis - tin whistle
 * Liz Kane - fiddle
 * Yvonne Kane - fiddle
 * Ray Kennedy - electric guitar, bass
 * Doug Lancio - electric guitar
 * Kelley Looney - bass
 * Dan Metz - bass
 * Jim Murray - gut string guitar
 * Will Rigby - drums, percussion
 * Tim O'Brien - vocals, mandolin
 * Joyce Redmond - bodhrán
 * Darrell Scott - vocals, banjo
 * Mary Shannon - banjo
 * Sharon Shannon - accordion
 * David Steele - electric guitar, bouzouki
 * Benmont Tench - piano, organ
 * Ron Vance - drums
 * Kristin Wilkinson - viola
 * Bill Wright - bouzouki
 * Steve Earle - vocals, guitar, harmonium, harmonica, synthesizer, mandolin
 * Tony Fitzpatrick - Album Artwork

title: Transcendental Blues


text:
North-West (European Parliament constituency)

North-West was a constituency of the European Parliament in Ireland between 2004 and 2014. It elected 3 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) using the single transferable vote form of proportional representation (PR-STV).

History and boundaries
The constituency was created in 2004 and was a successor to the Connacht–Ulster constituency. For 2004 election, County Clare was moved from the Munster constituency to the new North-West constituency. For the 2009 election the counties of Longford and Westmeath were transferred from the East constituency to North-West.

From 2009 it comprised the counties of Cavan, Clare, Donegal, Galway, Leitrim, Longford, Mayo, Monaghan, Roscommon, Sligo and Westmeath; and the city of Galway.

For the 2014 European Parliament election the constituency was abolished. All of its area became part of the new Midlands–North-West constituency; with the exception of County Clare which was transferred to the South constituency.


text:
South (European Parliament constituency)

South is a European Parliament constituency in Ireland. It elects 5 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) using proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.

History and boundaries
It was created in 2004 with the same area as the old Munster constituency, except for County Clare which was then in North-West. It was expanded in 2014 when it took in counties of southern Leinster from the disbanded East constituency and became a 4-seat constituency. In 2016, 74.1% of the constituency's population lived in Munster, while the southern Leinster counties accounted for 25.9%.

The constituency is often referred to by media sources and candidates as "Ireland South" during news reports or candidate remarks.

At the 2019 European Parliament election, a reapportionment following Brexit and the loss of 73 MEPs from the United Kingdom gave two additional seats to Ireland. Following a recommendation of the Constituency Commission, South gained territory and an additional seat, from 4 to 5. However, the last candidate elected, would not take her seat until after the United Kingdom left the European Union.

At the 2024 European Parliament election, the counties of Laois and Offaly were transferred to Midlands–North-West, while South remains a 5-seat constituency. This followed a recommendation of the Electoral Commission, where Ireland had been allocated one additional MEP.

It comprises the counties of Carlow, Clare, Cork, Kerry, Kilkenny, Limerick, Tipperary, Waterford, Wexford, and Wicklow; the cities of Cork, Limerick, and Waterford.

The main urban areas (by population size) are Cork, Limerick, Waterford, Bray, Kilkenny, Ennis, Carlow, Tralee, and Wexford.

2019 election
Ireland South elected 5 MEPs but the 5th candidate elected, Deirdre Clune, did not take her seat until 31 January 2020, when the United Kingdom has withdrawn from the European Union.

Following a recheck of the votes for O'Sullivan and Ní Riada after the 18th count, a full recount was requested by the Sinn Féin candidate. Returning officer Martin Harvey announced that the recount would begin on 4 June. RTÉ reported that the recount could take up to 28 working days. On 4 June, Ní Riada withdrew the request for a recount. After the transfer of Ní Riada's votes and Mick Wallace's surplus, Grace O'Sullivan and Deirdre Clune were deemed elected, but Clune did not take office as an MEP until Brexit had taken effect.


text:
Infante João, Duke of Beja

Infante João, Duke of Beja (John; 16 March 1842 – 27 December 1861) was a Portuguese infante (prince) and member of the House of Braganza.

Early life
Infante João was born in Lisbon the third son of Queen Maria II of Portugal and King Fernando II. He was created Duke of Beja and held the additional title of Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke in Saxony as a dynast of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

Military
João received a military education and was a colonel of a cavalry regiment. He was visiting England and France with his brother the Duke of Porto, heir presumptive to the throne, when they were summoned to return to Portugal by their brother King Pedro V who was dying of typhoid fever or cholera. Their brother died on 11 November 1861 before they could return along with their fifteen-year-old brother Fernando. With his death the Duke of Porto became King Luís I and João became heir presumptive to the throne.

He did not remain heir for long as he died a month later of the same illness that killed his brothers in Lisbon on 27 December 1861 aged 19 and unmarried.

title: Infante João, Duke of Beja


text:
Deadsticking

While fishing, generally for black bass, deadsticking is the act of presenting a soft plastic lure either by casting or a vertical drop and allowing the bait to remain motionless for an extended period time before retrieval.

title: Deadsticking


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for comment/Mel Etitis

For reference purposes, I've blocked Mel for 3RR violation on Because of You (Kelly Clarkson song). Ral 315   WS  15:54, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * And he's since been unblocked by FeloniousMonk.  Ral  315   WS  16:26, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

I was about to remove the Vfd but Anittas beat me to it. That is not the way to deal with this Rfc, SqueakBox 18:19, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The VfD was made by an anonymous user, 172.142.126.12. I voted speedy keep and it appears to have since been removed from the log page. Andrew pmk | Talk 18:53, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Mea culpa. It's still there. Andrew pmk | Talk 18:56, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Imposing standards
User:Jkelly writes in his outside view: "I suggest that this RfC discourages editors from imposing standards upon an article in the face of belligerance."

Why yes, it does!

Wikipedia doesn't impose standards in the face of belligerence. Wikipedia develops standards by consensus. On Since U Been Gone, Mel Etitis helped to turn a minor dispute over the format of a chart into an edit war. If Mel Etitis were not an administrator, I'd say the same thing: we do not do things this way on Wikipedia. --Tony Sidaway Talk 21:22, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * If this RfC were happening in a context-less vacuum, I would, at this point, simply express my unconditional agreement with you. But, as Gamaliel mentioned before me, and as I tried to make explicit, there is a context to this dispute.  Not to belabour the point, but the conduct of only one the parties involved has been called into question, which suggests to me that either I am missing some even larger context, or that Anittas' lack of regret (see here) is entirely appropriate, as that user's behaviour is precisely the way in which one can get one's preferred results.
 * Putting together a third-party RfC, which does not happen in every edit war, or blocking a user two days later for a breach of 3RR, are, even if they were strictly in line with policy, unusual steps to take. My comment was to indicate that I also found them to be unconstructive ones.  I simply hope that this does not become a routine for good-faith editors who impose NPOV, source citation and Manual of Style after other editors demonstrate their disregard for those policies. Jkelly 00:12, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * This RFC was not filed because any of the editors Mel was reverting complained. It was filed because I saw Mel engaging in conduct that appeared to me to be edit warring.  I asked User:Bmicomp, another admin whose judgment I trust, to look into it, and, if he felt Mel's conduct justified it, to file an RfC.  He did look into it, reported to me that he felt that the conduct deserved an RfC, found a third admin to certify the complaint, and filed it.  To the best of my knowledge, I was never contacted by any of the users that Mel's reverted until after this RfC was filed.  Kelly Martin 03:52, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I must correct myself. This started because User:BGC complained to me in email that he had been unfairly blocked by User:Jtkiefer.  I asked Jtkiefer to look into this.  He had blocked BGC for a 3RR violation reported by Mel.  On investigation he concluded (and asked me to verify) that BGC had not, in fact, violated 3RR and unblocked him.  A brief review of the the history of the relevant article made it crystal clear that Mel was engaged in a long-running edit war with BGC.  Further investigation on my part evidenced that Mel was using one-click rollback for reverting edits that were not vandalism, and was engaged in low-speed edit wars with multiple other editors as well, apparently over MoS-related issues.  That's what prompted me to push for an investigation.  A review of edit histories shows that BGC and Mel are still edit warring.  While Mel's edits appear to be reasonable, the fact that there's an ongoing edit war without any evidence of even an attempt by Mel to use dispute resolution is very disquieting, especially since he's continued to edit war after this RfC was opened.  For example, in the case with BGC, even though he has reverted BGC on M.I.U. Album at least 11 times in the past month, only left one message on BGC's talk page on September 25th telling him to "stop reverting against the MoS" (but did not link the MoS or explain how the edits were, in fact, against the MoS), and I can't find any evidence that he's made any effort elsewhere to bring anyone's attention at all to BGC's conduct.  BGC needs to stop edit warring too, and I think he should be the subject of an RfC of his own, but BGC's misconduct in absolutely no way excuses Mel's.

 * I'd rather not have to dissect each of Mel's interactions with the users he's reverting, because doing so is very time-consuming for me and I have many better things to do for Wikipedia than continue to spend time producing even more proof that Mel is, in fact, edit warring to the grave harm of Wikipedia. But if I have to, I will.  Mel, please stop.  Kelly Martin 06:47, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

And what was the reason for him to remove images from articles? Or additional boxes? Again, you're trying to disprove this RfC by involving me in this matter. It doesn't work that way. Mel never made an attempt to compromise with anyone. He just reverted things, in his own totalitarian way. --Anittas 00:29, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * "Totalitarian"? Please. Gamaliel 00:53, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

What else should I call it? The guy refuses to compromise. He's very firm in his actions and always finds a good reason to justify his acts - no matter what. He is the ultimate axiom. He is God. --Anittas 01:18, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Your objections smack of rank hypocrisy. If you'd compromised, Mel wouldn't be here for you to pummel (which is exactly as I predicted at WP:AN/I, BTW). You've been cautioned against namecalling and badgering in this incident on a number of occasions by a number of adminstrators. Knowing your history, I'm not suprised to see it continuing here, but perhaps of all places this is the most appropriate, since you're demonstrating far better than I would have what sort of editors Mel's faced in his efforts. Facing opposition like this, who could blame Mel? FeloniousMonk 06:58, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, Jkelly, it is true that the conduct of only one of the participants has been called into question. That participant is an administrator.  That participant, no less than any other editor, is expected to avoid damaging the wiki and the community.  As I note in my outside view today, the Arbitration Committee has recently reaffirmed the principle that Edit warring is harmful to the purpose of Wikipedia and to the morale of its editors.  This isn't news, it's spelled out in Wikipedia official policy.  Administrators are chosen to uphold and defend the wiki, not to play revert warring over the manual of style. I hope that Mel Etitis will take from this RfC a warning that he must not continue to damage the wiki as he has done by his willing participation in numerous edit wars. --Tony Sidaway Talk  06:01, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Which is more harmful to the purpose of Wikipedia and to the morale of its editors: Those who like Anittas, chronically combative, prone to personal attack, and terminally territorial, resist any change to "their" article; or those who in tidying and conforming articles to the MOS, faced with this sort, resort to reverting their reverts, like Mel?

 * There's both a qualitative and quantitive difference in their contributions to the project... "Continue to damage the wiki"? Please. That's pure hyperbole. Mel's "damage to the wiki" is far outweighed by his contributions, and pales compared to those like Anittas who've managed to stymie his good efforts. This critique is glaringly one-sided. FeloniousMonk 06:58, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It goes both ways. Anittas has done many things wrong in his handling of the situation, there's no doubt.  But Mel handled the situation just as poorly.  I would expect an administrator and long-time editor to know better than to edit war like this.   Ral  315   WS  07:28, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The proper response to editors who are "chronically combative, prone to personal attack, and terminally territorial" is to try to discuss the issue with them, and if unsuccessful to follow Wikipedia's established procedures for dispute resolution. It is not to edit war with them until they get fed up and quit.  Anittas should have been referred to RfC a long time ago.  Instead of a user who, had dispute resolution been engaged properly and promptly, might have been mentorable into a valuable contributor we now a bitter, jaded editor who will likely have to be banned by the ArbCom.  I cannot see how that helps Wikipedia.  Kelly Martin 07:37, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Mel followed convention, he brought this issue to WP:AN/I before it got out of hand. Some of us even tried to help him... FeloniousMonk 08:49, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Recruiting other like-minded admins to join in your edit war is not Wikipedia policy. Kelly Martin 15:05, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Tidying and conforming articles to the MOS and having to repeatedly redo work undone by those who ignore both policy and guidelines hardly constitutes an "edit war." Furthermore, eactly how were "like-minded admins" assisting in this "edit war"? The actions of those few admins who bothered to respond to Mel's pleas were limited to cautioning blatantly abusive and disruptive editors. Now you can call that assisting in edit warring, but some of us call that being a responsible admin. FeloniousMonk 17:12, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Well I agree about Anittas. But this case is about Mel Etitis, and nothing that Anittas has done can possibly explain what Mel has done. And FeloniousMonk, I'm surprised to see you falsely describing my statement as "pure hyperbole." Have you read my outside view in which I cite the arbitration committee as saying that edit warring "is harmful to the purpose of Wikipedia and to the morale of its editors" and censures one of its own number for that very thing? The evidence shows that Mel Etitis has engaged in egregious edit warring, damaging the wiki, the morale of all editors, and the reputation of all Wikipedia administrators. --Tony Sidaway Talk 07:39, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps a number of people here could consider carefully before making absolute or extreme statements or descriptions here, and "totalitarian" isn't the only one. Tony: nothing that Anittas has done can possibly explain what Mel has done: I believe that the kind of thing that Anittas has done can help to explain it. (I don't want to knock Anittas here, and am open to the suggestion that similar processes have worked in both directions, with Mel annoying Anittas.) I am an editor, and while I'd certainly agree that edit-warring is a waste of time, energy and server space, Mel (with whom I have had a few sharp disagreements in the fairly recent past) has not damaged my morale. Mel has been edit-warring; thanks to his admin status his reversions may have required fewer keystrokes than, say, Anittas's or mine, but I don't think that in this context he has used his administrator's abilities to do anything that Anittas and I (among others) haven't done or couldn't do. His edit-warring may have been wrong-headed (I'd tend to think that most of it wasn't but some of it was); if it was so it was no more egregious than that of several people, myself probably included. -- Hoary 08:04, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry Tony, but I disagree. I just don't see it that way at all. And considering the true extent of the chronic vandalism, abuse of others and other actual, genuine impediments to creating an open encyclopedia, claiming "Mel Etitis has engaged in egregious edit warring, damaging the wiki, the morale of all editors, and the reputation of all Wikipedia administrators" is hyperbole by definition. It's clearly exaggeration used for emphasis. I judge Mel by the sum of his contributions... and we as admins should be so lucky to be judged by Mel Etitis' performance at wikipedia.

 * With all the abuse and shenanigans that goes on here, choosing this one instance by this one administrator strikes me as surreal. Mel's history by any measure is exemplary. He's been a widely respected, reliable and trustworthy contributor who's given generously of his time to the project. It stands in high relief to that of his gainsayers here. And in this case he followed widely accepted conventions in bringing the issues he was having with Anittas and others before it got out of hand to the attention of other Admins at WP:AN/I. That he was left to fend for himself is our failure, not his. And particularly those who did not respond and are seldom seen wielding a mop at WP:AN/I.

 * Expecting admins to run to RFC every time some nogoodnik chronically reverts their edits is unworkable: It only empowers the territorially defensive to use reversions to "protect" articles and it will create an appearance that admins are litigious, or worse, vexatious litigants. All of which only strengthens and emboldens those like Anittas, which are the real source of damage to Wikipedia and the morale of its editors. FeloniousMonk 08:32, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Whenever I try to focus on what Mel Etitis has done, you point at someone else who is doing something worse. But those people aren't administrators, and frankly, this is not a school playground, I presume that Mel Etitis is an adult and we don't accept "he started it first" as a valid excuse for adults.  That Mel Etitis didn't abuse his administrator powers doesn't excuse the fact that he has engaged in egregious edit warring.

 * You say "That he was left to fend for himself is our failure, not his." Well actually that is unbelievable.  He wasn't fending for himself, he was edit warring, an activity that he must know in his bones serves absolutely no useful purpose.

 * We have a dispute resolution process and he didn't use it. You say it would be unworkable for Mel Etitis to file a RfC for every revert he encounters, well yes, but Mel Etitis edit warred for weeks and months without it once occurring to him that perhaps he needed to do something more constructive about this. --Tony Sidaway Talk  08:47, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Monk, you don't even know what you're talking about. I didn't know Mel until he came to my talk-page and started to insult me. Then he followed up by picking on my article, Battle of Vaslui, which he reverted hundreds of times. One of the reason for reverting is that the name "Suleiman", as he argued it, was far more popular in English than the name "Suleyman". That means I wasn't wrong in using the version of "Suleyman", but that he thought it would be more appropriate to use his own version of the name. While doing so, he wikified the name to two different persons, until I told him it was all wrong.

Give me a break. Are you going to blame everything on me now? And what is this about his great contributions to Wiki? Is that what we're discussing here? Are we comparing one user to another? No one came here for a popularity contest. You try to imply that he should have better credibility than me, because he contributed more. You are biased, Monk, and you don't even bother to find out what actually happened. You shouldn't judge. --Anittas 15:02, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Anittas... Please. We can read. Anyone reading your edit history (I suggest starting with 17 September) and your Talk page will find all they need to conclude that you're chronically disruptive and abusive. How many admins have cautioned you to settle your minor differences with Mel and not personally attack him? Six by my count. How many other editors did you contact to rally support for your campaign against an admin in good standing? It's all in your edit history. No one needs to know the specifics of the origin of your disputes to see that you're chronically combative, prone to personal attack, and terminally territorial. Prime examples being:, , . And the tone of your posts on this page stand in testament to the fact that you've neither learned nor improved from this experience. FeloniousMonk 15:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Anittas has made 435 edits, 207 to the encyclopedia. Mel has made 28,708 edits, 17,267 to the encyclopedia. Quantity apart, Mel's edits are invariably high quality. If all editors were like him, we'd have put the Encyclopedia Britannica and several others out of business long ago. What this means is that he should be supported when he's in difficulty. He did approach AN/I several times, as well as e-mailing individual editors, not trying to recruit people to back him up, as Anittas says, but asking for help. Almost no one responded, probably because of the type of articles the dispute was over. Those who did respond (myself included) didn't follow through as much as we could have: in my own case, that was because I couldn't bring myself to care about Mariah Carey. So Mel was left to deal with a group of very young, inexperienced editors who were inserting spelling mistakes and bad grammar into articles, as well as POV that would make your hair stand on end, and the type of writing that could have come straight from the record companies themselves (and possibly did). He should have been supported then, and he should be supported now. If some of us have issues with him, for example about reverting, these could be discussed in another forum, perhaps by e-mail. SlimVirgin (talk) 15:35, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * So what? He made 17,000 edits, half probably being reverting and insulting people. You and Monk are his mercenaries! I'm not competing with Mel. His contribution doesn't give him immunity. Justify this if you can:

"I thought that you'd agreed that your English wasn't really up to copy-editing..."

Mel to PM Poon - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:PM_Poon

"To me, wikipedia is meant for me as a favourite pastime, not for such long-term conflicts. Mel himself has exhibited a great deal of contradictions against my own ideas. This has caused emotional stress, deprovement of my school work and peer pressure."

Mr Tan - about Mel

He also insulted me and many others. He is a vandal and an abuser, and so are you, SlimVirgin. I see you now start reverting my edits on Brodnici, without even knowing why. You and Mel's clique will not make any of us submit to you. I'll rather be banned from this site than submitting to a bunch of self-righteous 'people'! --Anittas 16:24, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I reverted one edit of yours because you turned a blue link into a red one. And that makes me a vandal and an abuser too? Your wish to be blocked indefinitely may come about sooner than you think if you keep this up. This is an encyclopedia first and foremost. The community matters too because without it there would be no Wikipedia, but the priority for all good editors is to see that the content is well-referenced, neutral, and well-written. Your purpose here should be to try to contribute to that, yet all you seem to want to do is cause trouble and insult people. It's interesting that you raise the example of Mr Tan, an extraordinarily difficult editor whose English was almost impossible to understand, yet Mel was extremely patient with him, much more so than I would have been. SlimVirgin (talk) 16:36, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Republic of Moldova would be wrong. I understood Mr Tan perfectly well. Even if his English is not to your standard, he doesn't deserve to be treated like crap. But that's what evil people do: they treat others like crap. You made him feel bad and he no longer contributes to Wiki - all because of Mel. And you say I insult people? You hypocrite! You should be proud of your professor. --Anittas 16:42, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Farce
In significant parts of the entire affaire, it is a sad farce. If someone is repeatedly changing the numerical value of $$\pi$$ or the speed of light, and I'm reverting, I'd certainly hope not to be dragged to RfC or blocked for 3RR violation. But here someone is repeatedly, , changing to a version which suggests U.S. and International are antonyms and Mel tries to undo this. So, what's the open question here? --Pjacobi 15:42, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Talk page editing
This is what Monica said: "In addition to the conduct described here, members of the group of "editors" who have targeted Mel for abuse also edit talk pages (principally their own) to remove reports of their inappropriate behavior and create the impression that Mel (and others) are acting without attempting to discuss and reach consensus. Some also systematically use deceptive, often outright falsified, edit summaries to disguise their actions. Monicasdude 16:28, 9 October 2005 (UTC)"

If you're talking about me, then you're wrong. I was asked (not ordered) to remove my insults towards Mel. As a sign of good-will, I did just that. I removed some of my insults and said that I was prepared to make peace. Mel did not respond to any of that. That's what happened. --Anittas 16:37, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * That's blantantly false. Here's an example of you doing just what Monicasdude alleges: . I can find other examples I'm certain as well. FeloniousMonk 16:50, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for reminding me about that. Yes, I reverted Mel's message on my talk-page because I asked him to leave me alone. After I reverted his comments on my OWN private talk-page, he reverted it back. He reverted my own talk-page. I told several people about this, including Bmicomp, who said that Mel shouldn't have reverted my talk-page, but that I should also stop insulting him, etc.

So when it comes to the bone, I have the right to revert my own talk-page, whereas Mel doesn't have the right to revert my own talk-page. Mel was wrong. Thanks for remind me about that, Monk. Much appreciated! --Anittas 17:13, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

BRAVO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
'''I have returned from hiding from Wikipedia for the past few months to ensure Mel Etitis receives the appropriate for his disgusting actions. When I first joined Wikipedia back in April or May of this year, I began to change the headers in various articles. An example of this would be in the Avril Lavigne section where it originally said, "Personal life and trivia" to "Personal Life and Trivia" (proper English). However, I had yet to find out that what I had changed was the correct format on Wikipedia. I eventually did find out that I had changed the proper format, and I apologized for this, but Mel Etitis pointed this out: "Your first language can't be English", because I had not known the Wikipedia policy. [143] I felt greatly insulted, and a few months later, I chose to abandon Wikipedia. Mel Etitis will make up excuses; he will say he never should have said that or that he did not know what else to say, or something, but you know what? The truth is that Mel Etitis is a foolish person, a devil. Try and work your way out of this one, Mel. Just try. DrippingInk 17:03, 9 October 2005 (UTC)'''

BRAVO! Down with the devil! Bravo! --Anittas 17:17, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * "Down with the devil"? This is becoming quite ridiculous. If your goal was merely to attack Mel Etitis, you have succeeded, but if it was to convince people you have been wronged by him, you have failed. Gamaliel 17:37, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Mel was correct in changing the section header as described above; the Manual of Style clearly calls for that form of capitalization. While I disapprove of Mel's tactics, his intentions were correct.  Mel should have given you a clearer link to the Manual of Style and been more clear about the reasons for the change, and (if you had continued to resist after that clear explanation), brought your recividism to the attention of the community.   That said, Mel's ill-advised conduct in no way excuses your rudeness.  At this point, I suspect that, should your attitude not change, you will likely find yourself permanently banned from Wikipedia.  You may wish to consider whether maintaining a vendetta against another editor is in your interest.  Kelly Martin 17:45, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Is it just me, or do DrippingInk and Anittas sound quite similar? There's a discussion on the mailing list at the moment about the importance of articles being well-written. The quality of writing is often overlooked, with NPOV and NOR coming first for many people, but badly written articles make us look silly, and they won't be read or respected, no matter how neutral and accurate they are. Mel cares about good English, and he's right to do so. Annitas and Dripping Ink have shown their true colors. Having a discussion with someone like that is clearly impossible, and an RfC would be a waste of time. Reverting is sometimes the only option. SlimVirgin (talk) 17:48, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * SlimVirgin, revert warring is NEVER an option. If an editor is unwilling to follow Wikipedia's policies after an attempt at discussion, then that editor should be banned from Wikipedia.  By revert warring them endlessly, you have substituted your judgement for that of the community.  It's the lack of appropriate attempts to involve the community in this issue that bothers me more than anything else.   We have RfC (and RfAr, when it fails) for that purpose, and it's not been used here to any significant degree.  Kelly Martin 18:12, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't agree. It's unhelpful to strike up extreme positions about anything on Wikipedia, reverting included. It's usually not a good thing, but sometimes there's no reasonable option. Why should good editors have to go through RfCs and RfArs to deal with people who keep reverting to spelling mistakes? I agree we should be able to block editors who won't follow our policies, but admins can't do that, unless the account has made no useful edits. An RfC doesn't get you closer to a block or ban, and there's a big arbcom backlog. Sometimes reverting is the only practical option on the ground. SlimVirgin (talk) 18:19, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

People, I was just pasting what DrippingInk posted in his RfC vote. My comment was below his post. It seems that it doesn't matter what Mel does to us. He could kill us all, in our beds, and you people would still not care.

 * But he'd do it in impeccable English. SlimVirgin (talk) 18:19, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Virgin, stop crying about grammar! No one stopps Mel from fixing our grammar! Get that in your head! --Anittas 17:52, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * What is WRONG with you people? Do you not see that Mel Etitis basically insulted DrippingInk to the point where he broke down? And you're excusing him of attacking him when Mel Etitis CLEARLY attacked DrippingInk by saying he did not speak English as a first language because he was unfamiliar with the MoS? This part of the discussion proves one-hundred percent to me that you are only backing Mel Etitis up because he has very good English. Yes, it is. RfCs should be filed against all of you for your DISGUSTING oppositon which is clearly UNACCEPTABLE! I have never seen such foolish behaviour since one of my freinds lit one of my neighbour's backyard trees on fire. We are all mortal, but you people most definitely push it against our will. --Winnermario 21:26, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

One More Take
I have read this talk page. It contains very serious breaches of civility by Annitas and Drippinglnk that amount to personal attacks on Mel Etitis. I don't know what the history is behind their condemnations of Mel, but civility is still required.

I agree with Kelly Martin that Mel should have used dispute resolution rather than engaging in revert wars. However, I can also see that he was being harassed. One can criticize the behavior of an editor who is being harassed, but one must also understand that this behavior appears to have been provoked.

Having read previous ArbCom rulings, it appears likely that, if this case cannot be resolved and goes to the ArbCom, Mel will be admonished, or have a 2RR limit imposed, and Annitas and Drippinglnk may be banned for a period of time for personal attacks. For that reason, I caution them to moderate their own behavior and to try to resolve this case without arbitration. Robert McClenon 18:20, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

It's Anittas. And Mel started first to harass us. He followed me in my edits. He insulted me. He did so to many other people, too. Just read the testimonials of others; please! --Anittas 18:29, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Inside Vs Outside view
I've just placed my outside view on top of Mel's inside view. I'm not sure if the views should be sorted out by the type of view or by the order in which it was created. If I made a mistake, please correct it. Thanks OmegaWikipedia 19:20, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Some responses

 * 1) The disputes go back to July, at least, and I've provided diffs and other references to show that I have indeed asked for help on a number of occasions — not for other editors to help me revert, but for other admins to speak to some of the protagonists in order to get them to calm down. For the most part I found myself on my own — which was one of the reasons I didn't go to RfC;  there was no second editor involved in the disputes who could endorse an RfC.  It didn't occur to me to take the novel (at least to me) course of parachuting in a couple of admins who have had no connection to the affair (in this case at the behest of another editor who also had nothing to do with it), making a cursory, not to say rudimentary stab at giving the appearance of trying to resolve the dispute, and then launching the RfC.  If that's what's now being endorsed as Wikipedia policy, I'll know in future, and will call on admins (and be prepared to be called on by others) to follow suit.  No, actually I'll not do that; even if it is approved by the ArbCom, I find it dubious and distasteful, and I'll not go along with it.
 * 2) I've also given many diffs that show that I very clearly pointed the editors concerned to the MoS and other relevant sources. Their responses were that they didn't care what Wikipedia policies and style were.
 * 3) The one example of an insult that Anittas can bring up is a comment that I made to PM Poon (who is currently harrassing another editor, incidentally — see the noticeboard): "I thought that you'd agreed that your English wasn't really up to copy-editing." That comment isn't even insulting out of context (for genuine insult, see Anittas' comments to me on his and my Talk pages), but should anyway be read in the context of an exchange from 15 August: my comment, followed by  PM Poon's reply (insincere, as it turned out).--Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 19:01, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I've also given many diffs that show that I very clearly pointed the editors concerned to the MoS and other relevant sources. Their responses were that they didn't care what Wikipedia policies and style were.

 * Oh, really? Can you provide sources for this claim? Winnermario 21:55, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Mel tried patiently and repeatedly to explain the issue to Winnermario, only a few of many examples:
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Winnermario&diff=prev&oldid=23155021
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Winnermario&diff=prev&oldid=23184147
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3AWinnermario&diff=23212445&oldid=23184147
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Winnermario&diff=next&oldid=23214665
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Winnermario&diff=next&oldid=23332826
 * To put in this into relation, please see this statement of Winnermario:
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ASince_U_Been_Gone&diff=24431860&oldid=24387286
 * 22:42, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

—Preceding unsigned comment added by Pjacobi (talk • contribs) October 10, 2005, 15:42 (UTC)
 * Oops, yes, that was my post. --Pjacobi 23:10, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * However, this statement will not be used against me, as at that point, I had blown my lid over Mel Etitis claiming I was using "PoV" charts (along with a few other editors), while his (and a few other editors) were "NPoV". May I ask how this is? That is clearly another matter of opinion, one's work being PoV, while the other's is also PoV. I agree I had blown my lid at that point, however, please see my profile page to see why I have such short temper. Winnermario 01:50, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * So people can't criticize what you do when you're angry, and you're angry because (to quote your user page) you're "surrounded by unbelievably pathetic people 24/7"? Or do I misunderstand? -- Hoary 04:18, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You really misunderstand. Not that I'm yelling at you or anything, but let me spare the details, and I won't get all worked up. Winnermario 19:53, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I would really like it if you did not use "patiently" and "repeatedly" as adjectives in this matter: this makes Mel Etitis look all innocent when he is clearly not. And I never stated that I did not care about MoS, with the songwriting issue, I was just following English songwriting guidelines which Mel Etitis rejected because it was not in his knowledge. Winnermario 01:47, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Patiently arguably implies a PoV: it seldom has bad connotations. Repeatedly isn't: you can repeatedly nurse one person to health and repeatedly punch another person senseless. So, regardless of whether the use of the word repeatedly "makes Mel Etitis look all innocent when he is clearly not", is the word appropriate here? And what evidence do you have that the reason why Mel Etitis rejected "English songwriting guidelines" was that he didn't know them? Other possibilities are that he didn't acknowledge them as guidelines for writing about songs, and that he was following MoS, regardless of alternative guidelines. -- Hoary 04:18, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I have come to a conclusion: this is basically the MoS's fault. Mel says that "unified charts" are NPoV (*cough*), and that he's been using MoS in the music singles articles. The problem here is that the MoS is messed up for creating music singles article; this does not change the fact that Mel Etitis acted disgustingly, but it proves that there has to be a different usage of MoS in this case—unified charts don't make the charts visually-friendly, but the way OmegaWikipedia, and the rest of us have been posting the charts can be compared to the way charts are posted worldwide. Something needs to be done. Really. --Winnermario 19:53, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Resources? I think not!
User:Zephram Stark has pointed out the following (this can also be found on the endorsement/vote page):

 * Mel Etis uses his administrative power to bind extremely biased original research to the meanings of historical documents. According to the Inalienable rights article that he protects with his administrative power, The U.S. Declaration of Independence is based on "principles" of "religions" or "naturalistic fallacy". Although references and sources linking the Declaration with "naturalistic fallacy" or any "religion" have been requested for weeks, Mr. Etis has failed to provide any such source or allow for the uncited criticism to be removed.

If this is the case (as it appears to be), then why does Mel find it acceptable to remove information from several articles when its sources are not cited? Or nominate an article for deletion because its sources are not cited when his sources are not cited on the articles he works on. This is clearly unacceptable. Winnermario 21:48, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * See:
 * Articles for deletion/Unalienable rights
 * Talk:Inalienable_rights
 * Pjacobi 22:55, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, thank you User:Pjacobi for the puppet show. Now returning to my question above, if Mel thinks it is necessary to remove information that is uncited when his is not cited. This relates back to Luxurious (song). Originally uncited, so he put it up for deletion. So why don't we just do that with his articles? This has gotten to the point where it has become asinine. Winnermario 01:47, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It appears that he nominated for deletion because it includes uncited speculation ("much speculation arose in the talk of what would become the final single of the album"), and also because it references an unreleased single. Since Wikipedia is not a crystal ball, and unrefeenced speculation is not allowed. there is no error in nominating the article for deletion (as it appears, it almost didn't survive AfD, and you and others were noted for "incivil" behavior--I also notice that the AfD tag was removed from the article twice during the preceedings). --FuriousFreddy 04:37, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, then I find it perfectly acceptable to nominate his articles for deletion when he does not cite his sources. I'll do just that. Winnermario 19:44, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Before you rattle on about the behavior of others, why don't you read through all of the policies and guidelines set in place on WP. If you'd like to continue to look completely inane, why don't you follow through with those AfD's (since you've said you would three times now...). Volatile 22:36, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * You people are only here to discourage us. No one replied to my above comment about "MoS style music-single", but to the one about AfC. Well then, here goes nothing. Winnermario 20:24, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * You wrote above that problems with the MoS are at the root of this dispute, so you could perhaps help to resolve it by putting together a proposal for changing the way the MoS deals with the charts. I don't know which part of it that would go into, but you can ask on Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style. It's a style guide or guideline, not policy, so it's not that hard to change things. SlimVirgin (talk) 21:36, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

MoS
Where does it say that MoS is enforceable? I want to see this. --Anittas 21:36, 14 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
Kuyayky

Kuyayky is one of the most popular and newly influential bands in Andean music. The band has contributed to the prominence and revival of huayno music from central Peru. One of the few Andean music bands with a majority of female members. The band now resides in the United States and gained a following from world music fans for its traditional yet innovative style of Peruvian Music.

Kuyayky has struck a chord by rearranging and researching dozens of musical pieces from the precolonial and colonial periods in Latin America, but have retained a clear emphasis on the music of central Peru. They are part of the Xauxa ayllu of the Bonilla family.

History
Kuyayky was founded by ethnomusicologist Jose Hurtado Zamudio and singer/composer Edda Bonilla Peña of the Conjunto de Alma Jaujina, in 1980 in the town of Jauja. Kuyayky's original members are the Hurtado Bonilla siblings: Rubi Indira in guitar and first voice, Jose Luis in the mandolin and fourth voice, Yina in the charango and second voice, Mariluz in the quena, sikus, cajón and third voice, and Candy in the bombo leguero and first voice. They have been known to collaborate with different musicians in distinct musical genres including jazz, bluegrass, rock, punk rock and folk music from Europe and Latin America.

Kuyayky also founded the Kuyayky Foundation a non-governmental organization that fosters cultural awareness through the research, promotion and development of Andean music and culture. Their work has been recognized by diverse institutions including the Inter-American Development Bank and the Smithsonian Institution.

The band takes its name from the Quechua language, which translates from the verb "kuyay" love, meaning "to love" or "solidarity".

In November 2006, the release of Kuyayky's new album was featured in an investigative report by Enrique Flor of Peruvian television newsmagazine La Ventana Indiscreta on Frecuencia Latina.

title: Kuyayky


text:
Santa Maria in Ara Coeli

The Basilica of Saint Mary of the Altar in Heaven (Basilica Sanctae Mariae de Ara Cœli in Capitolio, Basilica di Santa Maria in Ara Cœli al Campidoglio) is a titular basilica in Rome, located on the highest summit of the Campidoglio. It is still the designated church of the city council of Rome, which uses the ancient title of Senatus Populusque Romanus. The present cardinal priest of the Titulus Sanctae Mariae de Aracoeli is Salvatore De Giorgi.

The shrine is known for housing relics belonging to Helena, mother of Emperor Constantine, various minor relics from the Holy Sepulchre, both the pontifically crowned images of Nostra Signora di Mano di Oro di Aracoeli (1636) on the high altar and the Santo Bambino of Aracoeli (1897).

History
Originally the church was named Sancta Maria in Capitolio, since it was sited on the Capitoline Hill (Campidoglio, in Italian) of Ancient Rome; by the 14th century it had been renamed. A medieval legend included in the mid-12th-century guide to Rome, Mirabilia Urbis Romae, claimed that the church was built over an Augustan Ara primogeniti Dei, in the place where the Tiburtine Sibyl prophesied to Augustus the coming of the Christ. "For this reason the figures of Augustus and of the Tiburtine sibyl are painted on either side of the arch above the high altar". Its name originates from a legend according to which a sibyl predicted the coming of the son of God to Augustus by saying: "Haec est ara Filii Dei" (This is the altar of the son of God): hence the name Ara Coeli.

In The History of Money, anthropologist Jack Weatherford goes into some detail about the church's previous incarnation as the temple of Juno Moneta—on the Arx—after whom Money is named.

"According to Roman historians, in the fourth century B.C., the irritated honking of the sacred geese around Juno's temple on Capitoline Hill warned the people of an impending night attack by the Gauls, who were secretly scaling the walls of the citadel. From this event, the goddess acquired [the] surname-Juno Moneta, from Latin monere (to warn) . . . As patroness of the state, Juno Moneta presided over various activities of the state, including the primary activity of issuing money...from Moneta came the modem English words mint and money and, ultimately, from the Latin word meaning warning."

"Today, the site of the Temple of Juno Moneta, the source of the great stream of Roman currency, has given way to the ancient . . . brick church of Santa Maria in Aracoeli. Centuries ago, church architects incorporated the ruins of the ancient temple into the new building."

The church is also thought to have replaced the auguraculum, the seat of the augurs.

The foundation of the church was laid on the site of a Byzantine abbey mentioned in 574. Many buildings were built around the first church; in the upper part they gave rise to a cloister, while on the slopes of the hill a little quarter and a market grew up. Remains of these buildings - such as the little church of San Biagio de Mercato and the underlying "Insula Romana") - were discovered in the 1930s. At first the church followed the Greek rite, a sign of the power of the Byzantine exarch. Taken over by the papacy by the 9th century, the church was given first to the Benedictines, then, by papal bull to the Franciscans in 1249–1250; under the Franciscans it received its Romanesque-Gothic aspect. The arches that divide the nave from the aisles are supported on columns, no two precisely alike, scavenged from Roman ruins.

During the Middle Ages, this church became the centre of the religious and civil life of the city. It was here in 1341 that Petrarch was proclaimed Poet laureate. During the republican experience of the 14th century, when self-proclaimed Tribune and reviver of the Roman Republic Cola di Rienzo inaugurated the monumental stairway of 124 steps in front of the church, designed in 1348 by Simone Andreozzi, on the occasion of the Black Death. Condemned criminals were executed at the foot of the steps; there Cola di Rienzo met his death, near the spot where his statue commemorates him. In 1571, Santa Maria in Aracoeli hosted the celebrations honoring Marcantonio Colonna after the victorious Battle of Lepanto over the Turkish fleet. Marking this occasion, the compartmented ceiling was gilded and painted (finished 1575), to thank the Blessed Virgin for the victory. In 1797, during the French occupation and the Roman Republic, the basilica was deconsecrated and turned into a stable. It was almost demolished in the 1880s during the construction of the nearby Vittoriano.

Exterior
The original unfinished façade lost the mosaics and subsequent frescoes that originally decorated it, save a mosaic in the tympanum of the main door, one of three doors that were later additions. The gothic window is the primary detail that tourists observe from the bottom of the stairs; it is the only authentically Gothic detail of the basilica.

Interior
The basilica is built as a nave and two aisles that are divided by Roman columns, which were taken from diverse antique monuments and are all different. Among its numerous treasures are Pinturicchio's 15th-century frescoes depicting the life of Saint Bernardino of Siena in the Bufalini Chapel, the first chapel on the right. Other features are the wooden ceiling, the inlaid cosmatesque floor, a Transfiguration painted on wood by Girolamo Siciolante da Sermoneta, and works by other  artists like Pietro Cavallini (of his frescoes only one survives), Benozzo Gozzoli, and Giulio Romano. It also houses the Madonna Aracoeli (Our Lady of the Golden Hands), a Byzantine icon of the 10-11th century, in the altar. This Marian image was Pontifically crowned on 29 March 1636 by Pope Urban VIII. Pope Pius XII consecrated the people of Rome to the Most Blessed Virgin Mary and her Immaculate Heart in front of this image on 30 May 1948. In the transept there is a sepulchral monument by Arnolfo di Cambio.

The church was also famous in Rome for the wooden statue of the Santo Bambino of Aracoeli, carved in the 15th century of olive wood from the Garden of Gethsemane and covered with valuable ex-votos. Many Romans believed in the spiritual efficacy of devotion to this statue. The French took the statue in 1797, it was then recovered, and then stolen again in February 1994. A copy was made from wood from Gethsemane, which copy is presently displayed in its own chapel near the sacristy. At midnight Mass on Christmas Eve the image is brought out to a throne before the high altar and unveiled at the Gloria. Until Epiphany the bejeweled image resides in the Nativity crib in the left nave of the basilica.

The relics of Helena, mother of Constantine the Great, are housed in the basilica, as is the tablet with the monogram of Jesus that Bernardino of Siena used to promote devotion to the Holy Name of Jesus.

Burials

 * Catherine of Bosnia, Bosnian Queen
 * Pope Honorius IV, son of Luca Savelli
 * Brother Juniper, one of the original followers of Saint Francis of Assisi
 * Giulio Salvadori, the poet
 * Luca Savelli, right transept, left side
 * Giovanna Aldobransdeschi dei Conti di Santa Fiora, wife of Luca Savelli, right transept, right side
 * Cardinal Matteo d'Acquasparta
 * Carlo Crivelli, Archdeacon of Acquilea, sculpted by Donatello
 * Cardinal Louis d'Albret (Lodovico Lebretto)
 * Fillipo Della Valle, fifth chapel on left
 * Cardinal Giovanni Battista Savelli
 * Cardinal Pietro di Vicenti, passage to side door
 * Pietro Della Valle, Italian traveler, and Sitti Maani, his wife from Baghdad
 * Federico di Sanseverino Cardinal (d. 1516)

Curiosities

 * The church also contains the marble tomb of Cecchino Bracci, pupil of artist Michelangelo who had dedicated a number of poems in his name. The tomb's design (not the carving) is by Michelangelo.
 * A part of the last mission of the game Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood takes place in this basilica, which the Assassins discover has been built on top of an ancient Isu temple.
 * In this church, football player Francesco Totti and Ilary Blasi celebrated their marriage in 2005, followed by thousands of fans.
 * It was this church where Edward Gibbon was struck with the idea to write his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. "It was at Rome, on the 15th of October 1764," he wrote in his "Autobiography", "as I sat musing amid the ruins of the capitol, while the bare-footed friars were singing vespers in the temple of Jupiter [Gibbon was mistaken; this church was actually the former Temple of Juno Moneta], that the idea of writing the decline and fall of the city first started to my mind.”

title: Santa Maria in Ara Coeli


text:
Infanta Maria Ana of Portugal (1843–1884)

Infanta Maria Ana of Portugal (or of Braganza; ; full name: Maria Ana Fernanda Leopoldina Micaela Rafaela Gabriela Carlota Antónia Júlia Vitória Praxedes Francisca de Assis Gonzaga; Mary Anne; Maria Anna) (21 August 1843 – 5 February 1884) was a Portuguese infanta (princess), the eldest surviving daughter of Queen Maria II of Portugal and her King consort, Ferdinand II of Portugal, a member of the House of Braganza.

Life
After her mother's death in 1853, when Maria Anna was just ten-years-old, she became the leading lady of the court, until her eldest brother, Pedro V of Portugal, married Princess Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in May 1858. Although in the early stages of their acquaintance the two sisters-in-law had a good relationship, in a letter written in 1859 to Albert, Prince Consort, when Stephanie was already dead, King Pedro mentions that his sister made unflattering comments regarding his wife "because of her feminine vanity caused by a lower status (...)".

The relationship between the sisters-in-law seems to have had its ups and downs since Stephanie's arrival in May 1858 and Maria Anna's wedding in May 1859. The Queen wrote about her sister-in-law: "She is, in every respect, the one who is more like Pedro (...)", "She is a charming person, good, generous, remarkably sensible for her age, with no trace of selfishness, respected and loved by all of us (...) George of Saxony has discovered a true gem. She is happy and loves him, but she cannot talk about the moment in which she will leave her family without crying. What is certain is that she will leave a terrible emptiness behind". Maria Ana's brother, Pedro, also claims during this time that his sister is "the pearl of our family circle", in a letter to Prince Albert.

Marriage
She married in Lisbon at the Belém Palace on 11 May 1859 Prince George of Saxony (1832–1904), second son of King Johann I of Saxony, a kinsman from the Catholic Albertine branch of her father's Wettin dynasty. Queen Stephanie tried to organize a brilliant ceremony, but, in the end, the wedding was quiet and went unnoticed in both Portugal and Saxony. The newly-weds spent their first days as a married couple at Belém Palace. During their short stay in Portugal after the ceremony, Prince George left a poor impression with the Portuguese royal family, as he "barely talked to the bride" and did not attend a theatre performance to which he had been invited. During that same performance, 15-year-old Maria Anna was seen crying. The couple left to Saxony on May 14. Maria Anna was not allowed to take Portuguese ladies-in-waiting with her and was only accompanied by her brother Luís in the journey. Pedro V wrote the following regarding the wedding: "the wedding of my sister to Prince George of Saxony was celebrated with more pomp than happiness. The former is followed by a regretful fate, as he left no sympathies and people who met him often left with a poor impression."

The marriage was not a happy one, according to Historian Eduardo Nobre who claims that the Prince "did not live up to the expectations and qualities of the Portuguese Infanta". Despite their issues, they had eight children.

Although she renounced her claims to the Portuguese throne when she married, Maria Anna could still become Queen if the male line became extinct. This situation nearly happened in 1861, when King Pedro V and two of her other brothers died from typhoid fever and left no children. However, this hypothesis was completely put aside when her brother King Luís I married Princess Maria Pia of Savoy and had two sons, the future Carlos I and Infante Afonso. Despite everything, it is unlikely that Maria Anna ever gave this hypothesis great importance because of her troubled marriage and many children.

Around 1883, her youngest son, Prince Albert of Saxony, became seriously ill. Maria Anna took care of him for several months until he recovered. This effort would be fatal, as the Infanta died from exhaustion, on 5 February 1884, before her husband became king. Her husband would remain unmarried for the rest of his life.

In Portugal, her second brother, Luís I, soon succeeded her eldest brother, Peter V, as king.

Her husband's elder brother Albert succeeded her father-in-law as King of Saxony and gradually it became clear that he and his wife, Carola of Vasa, were not able to have children of their own. Maria Anna's eldest son would almost certain to one day succeed to the throne.

Children
Princess Maria Anna predeceased her father Ferdinand, her husband George, and her brother-in-law King Albert of Saxony. In 1902 George succeeded his childless brother as king, and on his death in 1904 Maria Anna's eldest son became King of Saxony as Frederick Augustus III.


text: User talk:72.10.121.33

title: User talk:72.10.121.33


text:
User:Magnusfeuer

Lives in Manhattan Beach, CA. Does software architecture and development with focus on large cell phone systems. Does automotive software engineering on the side.

Can be reached at magnusfeuer_att_hotmail_dott_com

title: User:Magnusfeuer


text:
Taling Chan district

Taling Chan (ตลิ่งชัน, ) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from the north, are Bang Kruai district of Nonthaburi province and Bang Phlat, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok Yai, Phasi Charoen, Bang Khae, and Thawi Watthana Districts of Bangkok.

History
Taling Chan is an old district back when there was Thonburi province. Now Thonburi is merged into Bangkok. In 1998, part of the district was split into a new Thawi Watthana district. Historically, much of the area was used as orchards and kitchen gardens, many remaining there today. It has been called "Bangkok's Kitchen".

The landscape of Taling Chan about 1,000 years ago is believed to have been part of the Chao Phraya River delta. The area was a muddy mangrove forest and there was no evidence of human settlement.

Two areas of Taling Chan, Bang Ramat and Bang Chueak Nang, were mentioned to in the Kamsuan Samut of the Ayutthaya period. They are regarded as among Bangkok's oldest zones.

During World War II, a southern railway line running through the district was one a target of Allied bombing.

Taling Chan has a rectangular area and is full of many waterways that cross each other. It is also an agricultural area, therefore making it difficult to access by road. Today there are many roads passing through the area such as Borommaratchachonnani, Ratchaphruek, Phutthamonthon Sai 1, and Phran Nok-Phutthamonthon Sai 4, but the most convenient route is still by water. Taling Chan has both BMTA and affiliated buses service just a few lines. There was no electricity in the area until 1972.

Administration
The district is divided into six sub-districts (khwaeng). The missing number 6 belongs to the sub-district which was split off to form Thawi Watthana district.

Places

Taling Chan Floating Market is on the canal Khlong Chak Phra (คลองชักพระ) Canal in front of the district office. It is open only on weekends from about 08:30 to 16:00. Orchard produce such as fruits, and vegetables, as well as fish are sold from boats. There is a live traditional Thai music performance from 11:00 to 14:00. The idea for the floating market here was initiated by Chamlong Srimuang in 1987 to honour King Bhumibol's 60th birthday. This is a new attraction since floating markets, an old way of life of the Thai people, had vanished entirely from Bangkok for quite a long time.

In addition, There are also 4–5 other floating markets in the district, including Wat Champa Floating Market, which is on the way to Khlong Bang Ramat (คลองบางระมาด). Here, locals have a traditional way of life and preserve like the past. Now, there is a homestay in cultural tourism form for tourists.

Flower Market Thailand is a new center flower trade of Thailand apart from Pak Khlong Talat in Phra Nakhon.

Accident
In 1979, 54 people were killed in the worst accident in Thai railway history when a commuter train collided with a freight train at Taling Chan.

title: Taling Chan district


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User:Dulluthkid 19

don't know who is this "dulluthkid 19", but the honda prelude 3g on this pictures is mine (with me)"lude22vti" (member of prelude power or hpc france) take on the "mas du clos" circuit in france on 09/04/05....fun to see someone tell it's is car ;)

title: User:Dulluthkid 19


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Perkinsville, New York

Perkinsville is a locale in Steuben County in the U.S. state of New York. It is the birthplace of Patty Maloney. It is located at 42.53972°N, -77.62806°W. As of the 2000 U.S. census, Perkinsville has an average household size of 2.66 persons.

From 1882 to 1963, Perkinsville was on the New York (Hoboken) to Buffalo Main Line of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad (1882–1960) and Erie Lackawanna Railroad (1960–1963). Tracks were removed through Perkinsville in 1963 by order of the United States Interstate Commerce Commission, upon application by the EL, which had far easier grades on the former Erie mainline via Hornell. Since 1963, Perkinsville has had no rail service.

title: Perkinsville, New York