text:
Talk:Nivelle offensive

Sources?
Nice article! Would it be possible to top it off by adding a reference or external link or two? Not that I doubt the veracity of any of this, but it'll make it even more useful to future editors. --Dvyost 00:15, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm glad you like my article. Although this is only a nephew article, (or niece or twice cousin removed...), with the main article being the Second Battle of the Aisne. So I got alot of my info from the same books & sites that I got the Aisne info from. I didn't save the sites I went on, but I think one was worldwarone.com? I can't remember the other ones... Hope that helps a bit... Spawn Man 03:46, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * It does help. Maybe you want to copy the list of references you used from there to here?  Again, nice work!  --Dvyost 05:29, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks..again... however, I don't think they want under references websites... On most articles they only put books under references, with web sites being under the "external link" heading... Spawn Man 06:26, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

I have tried to add some better statistics from the 'usual suspects', but it still needs some sources for the general flow of the battle. --Wally Tharg (talk) 19:48, 24 February 2010 (UTC)

1.2 Million Troops, 7000 Guns?
Does this mean 1,193,000 of the troops were unarmed? Or does "7000 guns" mean "7000 artillery pieces?" Please clarify. --Simoes 03:34, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Sure. People who frequent military subject articles etc, will know that the term "guns" means artillery guns. The shortened term is used more often in place of the elongated form. Don't ask me why, but it just is, even though it does actually sound that only 7,000 were armed... Spawn Man 03:40, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I've been bold and changed it to "artillery pieces." I'm guessing most Wikipedia users aren't going to know military shorthand. — ceejayoz ★  04:24, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Most do know, but what the heck, I don't care. If you want it that way, that's fine by me...: ) Spawn Man 05:18, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey, as the offensive was winding down The French 2nd division DID show up without guns! and drunk on the vino. This marked the start of the mutiny which helped put an end to this bloody tragedy of errors. So while you meant to be facetious, Simoes, there is some truth to your remarks. Now repeat after me-This is my rifle, this is my gun! This is for fightin', this is for fun! :)--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 08:03, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Mergence!
I Strongly oppose this article being merged with the 2nd battle of the aisne! Gosh! The battle was only a battle, where as the nivelle offensive was the whole campaign movement. They deserve two different articles at least! If it was an article such as "The part of the aisne where it got shelled", then that should be merged into the aisne article, not the entire campaign which over saw tens of battles!!!!!!! Gosh, get a grip everybody, the articles stays I say. Spawn Man 23:35, 11 June 2006 (UTC)
 * And what Battles other than Second Aisne would be covered by this article? Moulin de Laffaux? It took place before the Nivelle Offensive. La Malmaison? This one did happen on the Chemin des Dames, but months after the Nivelle Offensive was called off and Petain replaced Nivelle. Honestly I can't see why this article is kept when all the sources I found treat 2nd Aisne and this as one and the same. I'd be in favour of deleting it and redirecting "Nivelle Offensive" to the Second Battle of the Aisne. Don Durandal (talk) 11:24, 1 July 2011 (UTC)

Russians on the Western Front
The history and fate of this unit would make a useful addition to WP. Drutt (talk) 07:22, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

Agreed ... I hadn't heard of them before. Indeed, it needs a citation to stand up as verifiable fact. --Wally Tharg (talk) 19:51, 24 February 2010 (UTC)

Citation Needed
Towards the end of the article it describes a famous incident where soldiers from the 2nd division of the AIF arrived 'drunk and without weapons'. I don't know how to edit it myself but here is the citation it needs:

Page 243. from Lyons, Michael J. (2000). World War I: A Short History (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0130205516.

Cheers, Alex

Also you need to specify that it was the 2nd colonial division of the French Army, not just 'the 2nd division'. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.49.220.177 (talk) 20:55, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

confused re: allied casualties
could someone clear up for me why the article specifies 96,000 french losses ("officially", but as the article says probably upwards of 120,000 and perhaps even 180,000), 160,000 british losses, and 5,000 russian losses but in the infobox only says 187,000 casualties? i don't have any sources but it seems to me the infobox is either only listing the high estimate for french losses, or there's a pretty big error either in the text or infobox. Capt Jim (talk) 21:37, 21 April 2013 (UTC)

Reorganisation
It took a while to find the pages associated with the Nivelle Offensive but I have in mind making this page the main one about the development of the Allied strategy for early 1917 and the aftermath and the other pages Battle of Arras (1917), Second Battle of the Aisne, Battle of the Hills for the details of the military operations. I did a campaign boxes to tie the pages together. Arras is pretty complete but the other two suffer from lack of English sources. I've gleaned enough to double the material on each page and added material from Tactical development on the Western Front in 1917 but there's very little about the German defence of the Aisne. If anyone has suggestions for English-language sources I'd be grateful.Keith-264 (talk) 18:10, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

Background and prelude
Needs nuch more on the strategic, tactical background and the prelude, plus more on the aftermath. German casualties too.Keith-264 (talk) 14:57, 21 February 2014 (UTC)

Requested move 23 April 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: No consensus to move  (t · c)  buidhe  19:32, 30 April 2021 (UTC)

Nivelle offensive → ? – Nivelle Offensive is a proper name Naming conventions (capitalization) (Do not capitalize the second or subsequent words in an article title, unless the title is a proper name.) and should not have been moved. Keith-264 (talk) 14:09, 23 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Agree move to Nivelle Offensive as a proper noun. And just this once I won't grumble about nobody else bothering to check and fix incoming links from templates after a move. DuncanHill (talk) 15:02, 23 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose per WP:NCCAPS and MOS:CAPS. The great majority of sources use lowercase.  A few recent books with "Nivelle Offensive" in their titles and headings have skewed the numbers since 2013, probably because they copied from when Wikipedia had it capitalized.  Some with it capped in their titles actually still do use lowercase in the text (e.g. this one), and use in text is what we use to decide whether sources treat it as a proper name.  Most "offensives" are not treated as proper names in sources (nor in Wikipedia, though a few are still capitalized where they should not be). Dicklyon (talk) 23:11, 23 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose—Sources tend to use lowercase, which means we do it, per MOS:CAP. Tony (talk)  02:29, 24 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Agree Removing capitals based on a crude criterion that takes no account of the quality of what it measures or whether the source is written in English or American is crass. Keith-264 (talk) 20:20, 24 April 2021 (UTC)
 * This is nom agreeing with himself? Dicklyon (talk) 18:21, 25 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I agree with the proposition but you can remove it if you want. Keith-264 (talk) 23:59, 25 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nivelle offensive


text:
Talk:Second Battle of the Aisne

Map Boxing
So, should the map be placed in the Battbox? (where it will be less intrusive to the main body of the article) Or is it more handy to keep it where is for reference? YOU make the call! --R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 08:10, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I put the map inside the battle box because of one reason; when it was below the battle box, it created this huge gap in the writing. So I moved it to the battle box to see if it would change the gap, & it did. The only thing is that when I fiddled with map, I still couldn't find a way to get rid of the box surrounding it... Spawn Man 23:15, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * No worries, I fixed the box in box appearance of the map R.D.H... Spawn Man 00:00, 1 October 2005 (UTC) P.S. I also created some of the red links on this page, Moronvilliers, Charles Mangin & Francois Anthoine.

 * Good calls again Spawn my man. I'm also glad that, unlike certain other editors, we bother to DISCUSS things first instead of doing large edits and leaving lectures on "style" in the notes. I know they mean well and are within their rights, but it is more polite to consult and discuss things first. Please, let us try to not only be good editors but good collaborators as well. "Discourtesy is unspeakably ugly to me." --Dr. Hannibal Lecter :) --R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 15:56, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Unfortunatly, the Francois Anthoine article I made was deleted because they said it was too close to the firstworldwar.com article on him. I did use their article as a source (as it was the only internet source), & tried to rewrite it as best as I could... Obviously not well enough... Ahhhh well, win some, lose some... Spawn Man 03:20, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Sounds like you went an "Article Too Far". Better keep such articles in your sandbox from now on until I can have a look at them and pound em into an unrecognizable pulp.

--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 12:01, 2 October 2005 (UTC) PS Don't let the bastiches get ya down!

 * I won't... You're a good friend R.D.H. Besides, I bet everyone will or already has had a problem with copy right or regulations... Spawn Man 06:27, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

0.5 nom
This article was nominated for Version 0.5 I failed this article because it has no references, also on the shorter side. Thanks Jaranda wat's sup 06:19, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

Mergence!
I Strongly oppose this article being merged with the 2nd battle of the aisne! Gosh! The battle was only a battle, where as the nivelle offensive was the whole campaign movement. They deserve two different articles at least! If it was an article such as "The part of the aisne where it got shelled", then that should be merged into the aisne article, not the entire campaign which over saw tens of battles!!!!!!! Gosh, get a grip everybody, the articles stays I say. Spawn Man 23:35, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

Inconsistent figures
The casualty figures in the box don't match those in the text. Which is accurate? Kevink707 (talk) 23:07, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

Image 'German trenches on the Aisne'
I very much doubt that this is a picture from 1917. Not a single steel helmet in sight. To my knowledge, they were commonly worn in front line trenches in 1917. If the picture was taken in the Aisne aera, it seems much more likely that it dates back to the First Battle of the Aisne in 1914.

Nanoktom (talk) 19:46, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

I have done some more research into this problem. The picture obviously originates here: In the caption recorded there, there is no mention of the date. Also, there is a remark saying: Title from unverified data provided by the Bain News Service on the negatives or caption cards.

So, even the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division doesn't know exactly where and when this image was taken.

In my opinion, it should be removed from this article, as it gives a wrong impression of how the trench war in 1917 looked like. Nanoktom (talk) 18:25, 20 October 2009 (UTC)

 * No helmets = not 1917. I've removed the photo. The soft caps headgear looks like much earlier in the war or even prewar training. Rcbutcher (talk) 19:22, 20 October 2009 (UTC)

Casualty figures
Will someone please verify the so-called casualty figures cited in this article's Infobox from the British book noted below, which is footnoted as the source:
 * Source: P Simkins, G Jukes, & M Hickey (2003). The First World War: The War To End All Wars. Osprey Publishing. p. 123
 * Reportedly for France: 118,000 casualties (!); for Germany: (only) 40,000 casualties (!)

The numbers are not anywhere close to what I have in my French language sources, which happen to match French Wikipédia, by the way. (I am not responsible for putting them there.):
 * My source: Pierre Miquel (2000). Les Poilus, La Flèche: Plon, p. 342
 * For France: 187,000 casualties; for Germany: 163,000 casualties

I believe that the British source probably is for confirmed numbers of deaths only, not casualties, i.e. deaths & wounded. If it is not clear in the British book, please find another English language book on this battle to get better figures. The numbers are in very serious need of a revision. Thanks. Charvex (talk) 08:13, 7 December 2009 (UTC)

Text park
On 16 April 1917, after a week of diversionary attacks by the British at Arras, nineteen divisions of the French 5th and 6th armies, led by Mazel and Charles Mangin, attacked the German line along an 80 km stretch from Soissons to Reims. An impressive amount of artillery firepower was concentrated on the German lines, but to no avail since the ridge was underlain by underground quarries that served as deep shelters. Forewarned, the Germans had concentrated about 100 machine guns, including the new MG08/15 light machine guns, for every 1000 m of front; they were also well entrenched, and their positions were deep. Situated on the high ground overlooking the valley of the Aisne River, the German 7th Army (under Max von Boehn) had little difficulty holding their positions. On the first day the French suffered over 40,000 casualties and lost 76 tanks. The creeping barrage was also poorly executed and failed adequately to cover the advance.

On the second day, the French Fourth army, led by François Anthoine, launched an attack east of Reims towards Moronvilliers, the Bataille des Monts (Battle of the Hills). Fritz von Below's First Army was pushed back 1 – on the first day and another 1 km on the second day but French attacks gained little more ground over the followiing two days.

Nivelle continued to order full-scale attacks until 20 April 1917. Some small gains were made by Mangin to the west of Soissons and although the main offensive was over by 25 April, on 5 May the 4 km eastern stretch of the Chemin des Dames Ridge in the area of the Plateau de Californie ("California Plateau") and the town of Craonne were captured, by smaller attacks with tank support, which were harder for the Germans to resist.

Nivelle offensive
It took a while to find the pages associated with the Nivelle Offensive but I have in mind making the Nivelle Offensive page the main one about the development of the Allied strategy for early 1917 and the aftermath and the other pages Battle of Arras (1917), Second Battle of the Aisne, Battle of the Hills for the details of the military operations. I did a campaign boxes to tie the pages together. Arras is pretty complete but the other two suffer from lack of English sources. I've gleaned enough to double the material on each page and added material from Tactical development on the Western Front in 1917 but there's very little about the German defence of the Aisne. If anyone has suggestions for English-language sources I'd be grateful.Keith-264 (talk) 18:38, 12 October 2013 (UTC)
 * After reading the article's recent version, I think it's hard to consider the battle as a "German victoy" as the infobox states. To illustrate, the French made some impressive gains, defeated all German counterattacks and inflicted horrendous German casualties. Therefore, I think it is convenient to identify the battle's result as "Defenvie German success", "French tactical victory, German strategic victory" instead of "German victory", which may give a false impression that the French was routed in this battle.210.245.118.154 (talk) 05:58, 8 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Perhaps you're right but see this

result – optional – this parameter may use one of several standard terms: "X victory", "Decisive X victory" or "Inconclusive". The choice of term should reflect what the sources say. In cases where the standard terms do not accurately describe the outcome, a link to the section of the article where the result is discussed in detail (such as "See the 'Aftermath' section") should be used instead of introducing non-standard terms like "marginal" or "tactical" or contradictory statements like "decisive tactical victory but strategic defeat". It is better to omit this parameter altogether than to engage in speculation about which side won or by how much.

from Template:Infobox military conflict The trouble with the win-lose criterion is that long battles were inherently inconclusive but had effects which were cumulative, so in Great War battles 1915-1917 the result is always inconclusive. What we think matters less than the verdict in notable sources, which usually dwell on the frustration of French strategy rather than the attritional effects. Without notable sources no entry in the result can stand.Keith-264 (talk) 09:40, 8 December 2014 (UTC)

Before reading this article, I usually thought of a powerful and almost invincible German army. However, German performance. as described here was surprisingly poor. Can you explain me about this phenomenom?? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ti2008 (talk • contribs) 15:28, 8 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Start with the articlesKeith-264 (talk) 15:42, 8 December 2014 (UTC)

Merge with Nivelle Offensive
"The attacks became known as the Nivelle Offensive" - so why are there two articles? Are they the same? If not, where does one begin and the other end?-79.219.189.118 (talk) 15:04, 4 October 2015 (UTC)
 * The Nivelle Offensive was the offensive, the 2nd B of the Aisne was part of it. The articles on Arras and the Battle of the Hills are adequate but the others aren't. One day I'll redo the Niv Off article using Prelude to Victory (among others) for the background and prelude, so the machinations of the French generals and politicians and the hiccup caused by the retreat to the Hindenburg Line are described and the military operations sketched afterwards. The military detail will go into the 2nd B of t A page; unless someone starts before me. Limited ability to read French and German means it'll take a lot of work and I'm busy finishing off the Somme pages, slowed somewhat by being laid up and working on smaller articles.Keith-264 (talk) 11:37, 17 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Realised that I'd moved paragraphs around and forgot to delete them from the original positions. Added a few wikilinks and copy edited sections.Keith-264 (talk) 11:37, 17 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Observatories, Times XV @ p. 395. Keith-264 (talk) 12:54, 4 February 2018 (UTC)

Russian Empire ?
The Russian Empire didn't even exist in May 1917. `01:16, 16 April 2017 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lathamibird (talk • contribs)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Second Battle of the Aisne


text:
Mouna Ragam

Mouna Ragam is a 1986 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written and directed by Mani Ratnam, and produced by G. Venkateswaran. The film stars Mohan and Revathi, with Karthik in a guest appearance. V. K. Ramasamy, Ra. Sankaran, Bhaskar, Kanchana, Vani, Kalaiselvi and Sonia play supporting roles. It narrates the life of Divya (Revathi), a free-spirited college girl who is forced into an arranged marriage with Chandrakumar (Mohan) by her father (Sankaran) though she still lives with the memory of her deceased lover Manohar (Karthik). The story follows Divya's inner conflict between holding on to her past and coming to terms with the present.

The film's development began when Ratnam began writing a short story titled "Divya" with no cinematic plans until he finished it. Since production on his directorial debut Pallavi Anu Pallavi (1983) was delayed, he took a break for a month and developed "Divya" into a film script, which would eventually be renamed Mouna Ragam. Although Ratnam began work on the script during Pallavi Anu Pallavi, it languished in development hell and ended up becoming his fifth film. Mouna Ragam was the first film produced by Venkateswaran's Sujatha Films, and was shot primarily in Madras, with additional filming taking place in Delhi and Agra. The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, with lyrics by Vaali. P. C. Sreeram was the cinematographer, and the art director was Thota Tharani. The film was edited by B. Lenin and V. T. Vijayan.

Mouna Ragam was released on 15 August 1986. Despite opening to modest audiences, it became a box-office success, with a theatrical run of over 175 days, and Mani Ratnam's breakthrough. The film received critical acclaim; it won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil, and Ratnam received the Filmfare and Cinema Express Awards for Best Director in Tamil. Mouna Ragam also became a breakthrough in Karthik's career despite his role being a cameo. The film introduced techniques such as soft-focus shots, flare filters and backlighting, which became popular in Tamil cinema. It was remade in Hindi in 1992 as Kasak, and in Kannada in 1999 as Chandrodaya.

Plot
Divya is a free-spirited college student from a conservative family in Madras. Her father Chandramouli has arranged for her marriage and tells Divya to come home early from college to meet Chandrakumar, the prospective groom. Uninterested in marriage, she deliberately arrives home late, hoping Chandrakumar will reject her, only to find him patiently waiting for her. She gives various reasons to make him dislike her but, undeterred, he says that he likes her and agrees to the wedding. Divya initially refuses, but when her father has a heart attack, her mother begs her to accept the proposal to aid his recovery. Succumbing to the pressure, Divya marries Chandrakumar, but, seeing how she is unwilling, they do not consummate their marriage.

After the marriage, Chandrakumar takes Divya to his house in Delhi, but she cannot accept him as her husband. When he asks her what she would like as a wedding gift, she says she wants a divorce, which shocks Chandrakumar. Some time later, Divya tells Chandrakumar about when she was in love with Manohar, during her college days: Divya had Manohar arrested after witnessing him robbing a politician's son. She later learns that the politician's son had run over a girl with his car, and Manohar robbed him to pay for the girl's medical treatment. Feeling guilty, Divya bails him out.

When Manohar meets Divya again, he falls in love with her; although she initially rejects him, she eventually returns his feelings. Manohar is part of a revolutionary group that plans to hold an illegal rally. Divya does not approve, and asks him not to attend; he agrees on the condition that she marry him. On their wedding day, Manohar is falsely accused of participating in the rally and arrested. He escapes and runs to the marriage registrar's office where Divya is waiting for him. A policeman accidentally shoots Manohar, and he dies in front of Divya.

After hearing her story, Chandrakumar tells Divya that he does not care about her past, but the future that he wants to build with her. He tells her to either sign the divorce papers he has obtained, or accept the anklets he bought as his wedding gift to her; Divya chooses divorce. They consult a lawyer who tells them that, per law they must wait one year to file for divorce since they are newly married. The couple is forced to live together for a year.

Having told Chandrakumar about her past and the reason she was unable to accept her marriage, Divya finds herself free from her mental baggage and discomfort around Chandrakumar. She begins to appreciate her situation and make the most of it. Conversely, Chandrakumar is wary of her presence in his life as he fears what would happen at the end of the year when their divorce would be approved. Troubled, he distances himself from her and rejects her every move. At the same time, he slowly begins falling in love with her while denying his feelings to himself.

One day, Chandrakumar is attacked by his company's labourers because he had suspended their union leader. Divya rushes him to a nearby hospital, where he survives after receiving treatment. After Chandrakumar is discharged, Divya takes care of him and realises that she has fallen in love with him. She tries to show it by wearing the anklets which he bought for her. But before he can notice the anklets, they enter an argument as Divya tried to surprise him. He asks her to return to Madras and books her trip. Some time later, Chandrakumar notices the anklets and realises that Divya does love him, but the next morning, neither expresses their wish for the trip to be cancelled aloud.

Once Chandrakumar leaves for work, Divya arrives alone at the railway station, where she sees Chandrakumar waiting for her. He hands her the divorce papers, saying they were approved that morning. Divya breaks down, telling Chandrakumar that she loves him and would wait indefinitely for him to reciprocate. She tears the divorce papers and leaves to catch her train. Chandrakumar, surprised at Divya's open declaration, catches the departing train, stops it and carries Divya home.

Development
When the last filming schedule for Mani Ratnam's directorial debut, the Kannada film Pallavi Anu Pallavi (1983) was delayed inordinately, he began work on his next script Divya—which eventually became Mouna Ragam, his fifth film. "Divya" was originally a short story about a couple's wedding night that Ratnam did not plan to film, but after writing the story he realised it had cinematic possibilities. Ratnam took a break for a month from Pallavi Anu Pallavi due to its delays, and wrote the script for Divya. For the first time, he was able to write in his native language Tamil, unlike Pallavi Anu Pallavi where he wrote the script in English and had it translated into Kannada. The new title Mouna Ragam was derived from the song "Naan Paadum Mouna Ragam", from Ratnam's fourth film, Idaya Kovil (1985). He considered Mouna Ragam the second film after Pallavi Anu Pallavi to be made exactly as he wanted, in contrast to Idaya Kovil where there was interference.

Ratnam initially read the script of Mouna Ragam when it was titled Divya to producer N. G. John, but the latter wanted a political film, which eventually became the Malayalam film Unaroo (1984), also directed by Ratnam. He then pitched Divya to T. G. Thyagarajan of Sathya Jyothi Films, but Thyagarajan wanted an action film, and Ratnam made Pagal Nilavu (1985) with him. Kovaithambi of Motherland Pictures too rejected Divya, and Ratnam instead made Idaya Kovil with them. The film was eventually picked up by Ratnam's brother, G. Venkateswaran, under his Sujatha Films banner, ending its five-year development hell. It was the company's first film production; until then, it was only distributing and financing films. Mouna Ragam was also Ratnam's first collaboration with cinematographer P. C. Sreeram. The film was edited by B. Lenin and V. T. Vijayan, with art direction by Thota Tharani.

Casting
Ratnam cast Mohan as Chandrakumar and Revathi as Divya, after casting both of them in Idaya Kovil and Pagal Nilavu, respectively. He initially had "someone like Anant Nag and Supriya Pathak" in mind when he finished writing Divya. Between finishing the story and making the film, he decided to include Revathi, whose performance in Mann Vasanai (1983) impressed him. Nadhiya claims she was also considered for the role, but declined due to prior commitments. Ratnam decided to cast Kanchana in the minor role of the lawyer since he believed "a certain amount of star quality helps" when the character has little screen time but is crucial to the plot. Prabhu Deva, who became a successful dance choreographer, made his acting debut in the film as a boy playing the flute in the song "Panivizhum Iravu", and John Babu, who also became a dance choreographer, appears as the main dancer in the song.

According to Ratnam, the only difference between Divya and Mouna Ragam was the inclusion of Karthik's character Manohar, which was not part of the earlier screenplay. Divya did not explore the girl's past; it only dealt with how she settles into an arranged marriage. Ratnam realised that the story needed to satisfy a wider audience, and decided to give them something that would make them accept the character without questioning Divya's actions, then the film could depict the arranged marriage – two strangers suddenly thrown together – and how they adjust. He originally resisted this, but reconsidered because it provided a clear rationale for Divya's resistance to the arranged marriage. Karthik said he was a last-minute addition to the cast, and described his role as a cameo.

Filming
Principal photography began at P. C. Sreeram's house in Alwarpet, Madras. The film's introductory credits feature photographs of Revathi from her childhood through her teenage years; her mother gave Thota Tharani the pictures. Although the film was primarily set indoors in Delhi, Ratnam and Sreeram wanted the indoor scenes to look as lively as those shot outdoors. Since the cast was relatively small, Ratnam did not want it to resemble a play and used backlighting for the interior scenes. Tharani found a house in the residential area of Kilpauk which admitted a great deal of sunlight, making it similar to houses in Delhi. To reduce production costs, food for the film's crew was cooked at Venkateswaran's home.

Sreeram made extensive use of frontal and profile close-ups, set against long shots with out-of-focus foregrounds. While filming Manohar's introductory scene, he had to lie on a bed sheet to film. The crew pulled the sheet, with Sreeram and the camera. The scene where Manohar plays a prank on Divya's father (Ra. Sankaran), which later became known as the "Mr. Chandramouli scene", was shot at Tic Tac, an open-air restaurant in Nungambakkam. Filming was also done at Madras' Presidency College, the Schmidt Memorial on Edward Elliot's Beach, and the Madras Literary Society. While filming the song "Oho Megam Vandhadho" which shows Divya dancing in the rain, Revathi tied a handkerchief around her wrist to cover her watch because she felt Divya would actually do that.

The crew filmed in Delhi for two days, and the scenes set in Agra were shot in one day. Portions of "Panivizhum Iravu" were shot at the Taj Mahal in Agra, and those from "Mandram Vandha" were shot at the India Gate. The scenes involving Karthik were the last parts to be filmed, being shot in either a week or two. In post-production, Mohan's voice was dubbed by S. N. Surendar. The film's final length was 3987.50 m.

Themes and influences
Mouna Ragam provides insight into the issues faced by married couples, exploring the plight and perception of divorce, how societies need to view the desires of women, and questions the agency of women. Film critic Baradwaj Rangan compared it to Nenjathai Killathe (1980), another story of a woman torn between the man she loves and the man she marries, Andha 7 Naatkal (1981) and its Hindi remake, Woh Saat Din (1983). Rakesh Mehar of The News Minute noted that one thing differentiating Mouna Ragam from Andha 7 Naatkal and similar films is that it remains focused on Divya. Kumuthan Maderya, writing for PopMatters, described Mouna Ragam as a "chick flick", because like other chick flicks, the film allowed romance to blossom between Divya and Chandrakumar, rather than let divorce separate them; according to him, "chick flicks center on the romantic worldview of females while gratifying their hopes and dreams usually through a warm and fuzzy denouement".

Manohar was part of a group involved in anti-government activities. Rangan drew similarities between his motives and those of characters in the Italian film The Night of the Shooting Stars (1982) and Unaroo. The connection to The Night of the Shooting Stars is referenced when a poster of it appears in a scene where Manohar and his anarchist friends plan an event. According to Rangan, the scene where Divya is looking after Chandrakumar at the hospital reflects her traditional qualities; with her strengths, she is humane and vulnerable. Divya's mischievous nature is shown in a scene where she teaches a Sardar offensive Tamil phrases, which he says to Chandrakumar's boss.

Revathi compared herself to Divya, saying that Divya believes in "living life to the fullest" and she was once like that. Sujatha Narayanan, writing for The New Indian Express, described Chandrakumar as a "patient-understanding-and-poised-at-all-times" man, contrasting him with Manohar who she described as a "dashing, brave and epitome-of-the-word-'dude. She noted that Divya, like the female leads in most of Ratnam's films, is "practical with strong convictions" and the characters "go through their confusions unapologetically". According to Ratnam, the line "Neenga thottaale kambilipoochi oorraa madhri irukku" (When you touch me, it feels as if caterpillars are crawling on me), spoken by Divya to Chandrakumar, expressed how she would feel on her wedding night.

Many critics have mentioned that Mouna Ragam background score suits its scenes and themes. According to Martin Clayton, Trevor Herbert and Richard Middleton's 2003 book, The Cultural Study of Music: A Critical Introduction, "Oho Megam Vandhadho" resembled Broadway and MTV styles of singing and dancing, and the main songs combine American music with Indian vocals by S. Janaki. Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of The Hindu considered that Ratnam used rain in the film to accentuate the "childlike, free-spirited nature" of Divya. The sarangi and nadaswaram are used in the music accompanying Chandrakumar and Divya's wedding. In scenes of the couple sightseeing in Delhi, light synth-based music depicts them as modern tourists in their own country. The restaurant scene with Manohar and Divya includes awkwardly played sitar music, indicating the couple's emotions. Spanish music is used for the fight scene when Manohar attacks the politician's son.

The Hindu 's Sruthi Radhakrishnan described "Panivizhum Iravu" as "one of those only-80s songs that served as a stand-in for sexual tension, where you'd have two people looking intensely at each other." Raveena Joseph of The Hindu noted that films in the 1980s which featured men stalking women, hoping to get them, were reflective of "the times where romances were covert and such discretion was necessary even in consensual encounters", citing Manohar stalking Divya in Mouna Ragam as an example. The film was Ratnam's first to follow the theme of a person moving to a strange place where they do not know the local language. Divya has a dilemma; since she does not know the language of Delhi, she can barely socialise with local people, and is in conflict with Chandrakumar, the only person with whom she can socialise. Rangan believed Manohar to be the first character in a Tamil film to invite a girl for a "cup of coffee", a form of dating. He contrasted it with Oru Thalai Ragam (1980), in which the protagonists barely spoke. Ratnam replied that although it was not uncommon to invite a girl for a cup of coffee in the 1980s, it was not reflected in mainstream Tamil cinema of the time.

Music
Mouna Ragam soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja with lyrics by Vaali. It was released by the Echo Records. The album features five tracks with "Nilaave Vaa" is featured on both sides of the soundtrack's original LP record. The film and its soundtrack was dubbed in Telugu, under the same name, whose adapted lyrics were written by Rajasri.

Release
Mouna Ragam was publicised with a shot of Revathi clinging to a lamp post and singing, which Ratnam confirmed as being inspired by "Singin' in the Rain". Before the film's release, a Central Board of Film Certification member wanted it to receive an "A" (adults-only) certificate because the female lead asks for a divorce; after much deliberation, it received a "U" certificate. Mouna Ragam was released on 15 August 1986, Despite opening to modest audiences, it picked up and became a box-office success, running for over 175 days in theatres, thereby becoming a silver jubilee film. Ratnam considered Mouna Ragam his first commercial success. While the film performed very well in urban areas, it was largely shunned by audiences in rural areas.

Reception
The film was critically acclaimed, especially for its realistic portrayal of urban Tamil people. In a 31 August 1986 review, the review board of the Tamil magazine Ananda Vikatan praised Revathi and Mohan's performances, the film's camera work, music and lack of masala, giving Mouna Ragam a score of 43 out of 100. Jayamanmadhan (a duo) of Kalki wrote that Karthik's presence completely overshadowed Mohan and Revathi while appreciating Sriram's cinematography. The duo said it almost felt like Sreeram had a magic wand instead of camera and also called the screenplay consistent which moves seamlessly but found the story slightly lagging after the intermission and the song set in Agra as minus points. Jayamanmadhan concluded that the relief that one gets after getting up from watching the film would get rid of all the irritants in the film and felt that was enough. Kaviya Shetty of India Today wrote in 1994, "[Mouna Ragam] found the perfect formula of a strong storyline and great music, presented in a fresh visual style that caught the audience by surprise".

Other versions
Mouna Ragam was dubbed in Telugu and released with the same title in 1987, which was also a success. It was remade in Hindi as Kasak in 1992, and in Kannada in 1999 as Chandrodaya.

Post-release
Mouna Ragam was screened at the 11th International Film Festival of India, the only Tamil entry. It has also been screened at other film festivals, including Mani Ratnam's Love Films at London's National Film Theatre in 2002, a Retrospective of Mani Ratnam's Films at the 2002 Calcutta Film Festival and at the 2002 Locarno Film Festival. An enhanced 5.1 Digital Dolby soundtrack was released in May 2008 by Bayshore Records.

Legacy
Mouna Ragam emerged a milestone of Tamil cinema and Mani Ratnam's breakthrough film. It has been acclaimed for combining box-office success with elements of an art film. The film introduced techniques such as soft-focus shots, flare filters and backlighting, which became popular in Tamil cinema. Ratnam continued using these techniques in his later films, notably Nayakan (1987) and Agni Natchathiram (1988). Mouna Ragam's theme of a person moving to a new place where they do not know the local language was replicated in Ratnam's later films like Nayakan, Roja (1992) and Bombay (1995). It was also Ratnam's first film to make extensive use of staccato dialogue; this became another recurring feature in his later films. The film became a major breakthrough for Karthik despite his role being a cameo, and his "Mr. Chandramouli" dialogue became popular. A feature film, released in 2018 and starring him, was named after this dialogue. The character of Chandramouli became one of Sankaran's best known roles.

According to a Rediff.com article, "The Most Memorable Mani Movies", Mouna Ragam was "arguably the film that announced Mani Ratnam to the Tamil film industry as a talent to watch out for. An excellent script by Ratnam himself, [cinematography by P. C. Sreeram] and a lilting score by [Ilaiyaraaja] made it a hit with both critics and moviegoers". Pavithra Srinivasan of the same website said, "It took a Mani Ratnam to move away from clichéd romantic dialogues and capture subtle nuances that add so much richness to the story, introduce proper, three dimensional characters that lived breathed and sorrowed like everyone else". Deccan Chronicle listed Karthik and Revathi on its "Top 10 Jodis" of Tamil cinema; they "made a fresh pair and were adored by the youth, especially the college students. Their awesome on-screen chemistry in Mouna Ragam was a talking point back then". For the April 2013 centenary of Indian cinema, Forbes India included Revathi's performance in its list, "25 Greatest Acting Performances of Indian Cinema".

In popular culture
Mouna Ragam has influenced countless films, particularly regarding the trope of the bride or groom being reluctantly married. These include Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam (1999), Vallamai Tharayo (2008),  Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (2008), Tanu Weds Manu (2011), Raja Rani (2013) where both the male and female leads have past lovers,   Bangalore Days (2014) where the man is unable to forget his past love and accept his wife, and Maalai Naerathu Mayakkam (2016).

Karthi said that his character in Naan Mahaan Alla (2010) was similar to Karthik's "moody yet jovial" character in Mouna Ragam. Sri Divya called Revathi's character an influence on her role in Mallela Theeram Lo Sirimalle Puvvu (2013). Vaibhav Reddy compared his character in Kappal (2014) to Manohar in Mouna Ragam because of their shared effervescence. Director B. V. Nandini Reddy said that the story of a bride unhappy with her husband in Mouna Ragam inspired her to make Kalyana Vaibhogame (2016), where neither the bride nor the bridegroom is interested in marriage.

The scene where Manohar tries to declare his love for Divya through the college intercom in response to her challenge was parodied in Thamizh Padam (2010). Director R. S. Prasanna described one scene in Kalyana Samayal Saadham (2013) where the male lead meets his father-in-law at a café as an ode to the "Mr. Chandramouli" scene. In Master (2021), JD (Vijay) lies about his past but from Manohar's perspective.

title: Mouna Ragam


text:
Garry Bush

Garry "The Whacker" Bush is an English professional poker player based in London.

Poker career
Bush started off as a cash game player in North London, but turned to tournaments in the late 1990s. Since then he has had numerous high finishes in limit, no limit and pot limit hold'em, Omaha and seven card stud.

2000
In April 2000 he followed a 5th-place finish in the Great Britain Poker Championships £500 Pot Limit Hold'em event with a 3rd-place finish in the I£600 Irish Open No Limit Hold'em. In August 2000 he won the £100 Pot Limit 7-card stud tournament to take home the £13,455 grand prize, defeating a final table including Willie Tann and Simon "Aces" Trumper.

2001
Bush made four final tables at the Great Britain Hold'em Championships in Birmingham in March 2001, including a win in the £500 Pot Limit Hold'em event, defeating a field including "Gentleman" Liam Flood and Lucy "Golden Ovaries" Rokach.

In August 2001 he finished 2nd in the £500 No Limit Hold'em event at the Grosvenor UK Open, with the final table including Dave Welch, Peter "The Poet" Costa and Tony "The Lizard" Bloom. The next month he won the Limit Hold'em event at the Austrian Classics tournament in Vienna.

He finished the year with another three tournament wins: the Limit Hold'em event at the Moscow Open, the Pot Limit Omaha event at the Winter Tournament Olympia and the Limit 7-card Stud tournament in the Helsinki Freezeout.

2002
In April 2002 Bush made his one and only appearance on Late Night Poker, finishing 5th in the heat won by Surinder Sunar and also featuring "Mad" Marty Wilson, Dave Welch and Victoria Coren. His heat is often remembered for his raise with a pair of 6's, which made Coren lay down Ace-King and also made Welch lay down a pair of Jacks.

In June 2002 he took first prize in the Pot Limit Hold'em event at the Taleon Masters in St Petersburg.

Bush made another 18 final table appearances in the remainder of the year, including another three wins.

His success throughout the year led to him winning the European Poker Player of the Year award for 2002.

2003
Although Bush did not win any major tournaments in 2003, he made 13 final tables in 4 different countries. Arguably his greatest achievement in 2003 was a 3rd-place finish in the Pot Limit Omaha tournament in the Irish Winter Tournament in Dublin.

2004
In 2004 Bush achieved his greatest successes to date. His second-place finish in the $3,000 Pot Limit Hold'em tournament at the World Series of Poker (WSOP) earned him $139,540 at the end of a lengthy event that included Ram "Crazy Horse" Vaswani and Phil Hellmuth Jr. He followed this with a 5th-place finish in the Victor Poker Cup, earning a further £15,000 in July 2004.

Bush played in the inaugural European Poker Tour tournament in September 2004, making the final table in Barcelona. He rounded off the year winning the 7-card stud tournament at the Korona Russia Poker Championships.

2005
Bush won the No Limit Hold'em tournament at the Palms Summer Poker Series in June 2005 as a warm-up to the WSOP. At the WSOP itself he made it into the money of the Main Event for the first time, taking $33,197 for his 219th-place finish.

As of 2023, Bush has earned over $810,000 in live tournament play.

title: Garry Bush


text: User talk:83.177.213.230

title: User talk:83.177.213.230


text:
El Hawawish

El Hawawish (الحواويش) is the ancient necropolis (cemetery) for the city of Akhmim in the 9th Nome of Upper Egypt (UE09), in modern the Sohag Governorate, Egypt.

Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period
The local deity of El Hawawish was the fertility and productivity god Min, similar to nearby Akhmim.

Tombs of the Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period are located in the El Hawawish mountain.

 * Name not preserved (J 2), FIP
 * Tjeti (I 49) 9th Dynasty
 * Kheni-ankhu (H 15) 8/9/10th dynasty
 * Rehu-Rausen (BA 17) 10th Dynasty
 * Bawi (BA 14) 10th Dynasty

Archaeology
The cemetery was excavated extensively by an Australian archaeological and epigraphic expedition under the auspices of the Australian Centre for Egyptology and Macquarie University and the direction of Professor Naguib Kanawati.

title: El Hawawish


text:
Loren Rush

Loren Rush (born August 23, 1935) is a U.S. composer.

Biography
His works include the drone piece Hard Music (1970) for three amplified pianos. The piece features no melodic figuration but rather clouds created by only one note, the low D above cello C, repeated quickly enough by each player to be heard as nearly continuous. The surface results from the composite rhythms of percussive attacks and the interplay of partials brought out through the rhythms and fortissimo dynamics. The fifth through the ninth partials are particularly easy to hear and the louder passages feature higher partials.

In 1957, he formed an improvisation group with Terry Riley, Pauline Oliveros, Robert Erickson, and Bill Butler with a focus an aleatoric and improvisational techniques. "

title: Loren Rush


text:
Quintrix

Quintrix is a name given to a flat and wide television tube made by Panasonic. Quintrix tubes were first introduced to the market in 1974. The word originates from the Latin word "quintum", which means "fifth". So far there are three models of Quintrix available:
 * Quintrix,
 * Quintrix F, and
 * Quintrix SR (SR = Super Resolution)

The first Quintrix cathode ray tubes featured a prefocus lens that reduced beam diffusion, giving a sharper picture.

Manufactured in Malaysia and also in Wales with an MX-6 core, the Quintrix model was the standard television type for Hong Kong's etv project in 1999.

title: Quintrix


text:
White Sands Test Facility

White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) is a U.S. government rocket engine test facility and a resource for testing and evaluating potentially hazardous materials, space flight components, and rocket propulsion systems. NASA established WSTF on the White Sands Missile Range in 1963. WSTF services are available to NASA, the United States Department of Defense, other federal agencies, universities and commercial industry. WSTF is managed by the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. WSTF is located in the western foothills of the Organ Mountains, eleven miles east of Las Cruces, New Mexico.

Rocket propulsion
The primary mission of WSTF is to support NASA's Space Station program, and previously the Space Shuttle. As the official Johnson Space Center (JSC) Propulsion Systems Development Facility, WSTF participates in propulsion systems testing, with test expertise in hypergolic and mono-propellant handling and training. During the orbiter's life WSTF also managed and operated the Shuttle Fleet Leader program which consisted of testing orbital maneuvering and reaction control (thruster) subsystems.WSTF Propulsion

White Sands Test Facility offers numerous ambient pressure and altitude simulation stands to test rocket propulsion test systems as well as single rocket engines.
 * Altitude Testing: The WSTF Large Altitude Simulation System provides altitude conditions equivalent up to 122000 ft.
 * Ambient Testing
 * Fleet Leader Testing
 * Unique Propulsion Test Expertise

Laboratories
WSTF performs testing designed to better understand materials used in space flight. WSTF Laboratories
 * Oxygen Systems
 * Propellant Systems
 * Hypervelocity Impact Testing
 * Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (COPV)
 * Standard Materials Testing

Hardware processing
The mission of the Hardware Processing Office is to provide the expertise to develop ground support equipment with the highest regard for safety and customer satisfaction. WSTF Hardware Processing
 * Flight and Critical Hardware and Depot Processing
 * Component Services
 * Fabrication Services
 * Measurement Standards and Calibration Laboratory
 * Photo / Video Services
 * Technical Publication Services

White Sands Space Harbor
WSTF formerly operated the White Sands Space Harbor (WSSH), which was the primary training area for Space Shuttle pilots, before the WSSH was closed in the wake of the Space Shuttle retirement. WSSH

Chemical and physical properties of materials
The engineers, chemists, and scientists in WSTF laboratories conduct testing of hazardous materials and propellants, air quality, aerospace hardware and ground support equipment, and all materials used in space flight. Standard Testing for DOT, ASTM and NASA, as well as ignition and flammability testing is routinely performed.

Hazards assessment
WSTF laboratory facilities conduct hazardous fluid assessment, hypervelocity tests, and explosive hazard assessment. The High Energy Blast Facility performs explosive testing with solid, cryogenic, hypergolic propellants, and other high explosives.

Oxygen systems
Oxygen compatibility is a critical issue in space, aircraft, medical, and industrial applications. At WSTF, researchers investigate the effects of increased oxygen concentration on the ignition and burning of materials and components used in these applications. Hazards analyses are performed on materials, components, and systems; and failure analyses determine the cause of fires. Training courses about design and operation of safe oxygen systems are provided by WSTF personnel under the auspices of ASTM. WSTF NASA Oxygen Systems

Space flight hardware
The Propulsion Component Test Facility at WSTF is an International Space Station Depot Repair Facility. Flight hardware assembly, repair, and acceptance testing for private aerospace manufacturers is performed. WSTF refurbished hypergolic propellant components for the Space Shuttle, performed advanced pyrovalve testing at two laboratory facilities, and performed failure investigations. WSTF NASA Hardware Processing

Health, safety, and environmental impact
Since the late 1990s, NASA and a series of subcontractors have been working under the oversight of the New Mexico Environment Department to remediate a large plume of polluted ground water caused by repeated leaks and spills of cleaning fluids and rocket propellants at the site. Remediation has involved the construction of six wells from which the groundwater is pumped; a UV reactor which treats the contaminated water; and four injection wells to inject the cleaned water back into the water table. A second, similar system is currently in the planning stage.

title: White Sands Test Facility


text: User:The Minister of War/Sandbox/uberwarbox


text:
TME

TME may refer to:

 * TME (operating system), Transaction Machine Environment, former ICL computer operating system
 * TME (psychedelics), drugs
 * Transmisogyny exempt
 * Tencent Music Entertainment Group, music distribution company
 * Total mesorectal excision, removal of cancerous bowel tissue
 * Toyota Motor Europe
 * Transmissible mink encephalopathy
 * Trimethylolethane, a triol, an organic compound
 * Tumor microenvironment
 * Tickle Me Elmo

title: TME


text:
Naeem Bokhari

Syed Naeem Altaf Bokhari (Punjabi, ) is a Pakistani lawyer and television personality. Previously, he has hosted Khabarnaak on a Pakistani news channel Geo News. On 23 November 2020, He has been appointed Chairman of Pakistan Television Corporation.

Early life
Bokhari was born in Lahore, Pakistan to Dr Syed Altaf Hussain Bokhari. He is the younger brother of Pakistani fast bowler Saleem Altaf Bokhari. He graduated from Government College University, Lahore. He then studied law in Punjab University Law College, He served as the editor of "Al-Meezan" (PULC's official magazine).He was the favourite student of Barrister Ijaz Hussain Batalvi who taught there for more than fifty years.

Personal life
He first married popular ghazal singer Tahira Syed. Bokhari has two children, a son, Hasnain and a daughter, Kiran with his first wife, both of whom are lawyers by profession. Kiran is married and working in New York City. Hasnain is married and working in Muscat, Oman with OMRAN, the Government of the Sultanate of Oman's master developer for tourism projects. Bokhari married Tamannah Khan Bokhari in 1995 and has a son with his second wife, Abbas, who is also following in his fathers footsteps in becoming a lawyer and has completed his Bachelor's in law from Pakistan and is undertaking his BAR from the United Kingdom. He also has two more daughters, Noor Fatima who also has a masters from SOAS in Law and is currently working at RIA BARKER GILLETE and Noor Zainab who is currently undertaking her studies in Pakistan.

In May 2018 he suffered serious injuries when he fell in London underground station. He suffered major head and rib injuries. He and London police dismissed reports that he was attacked.

Naeem Bokhari belongs to a noble family. His father "Dr. Syed Altaf Hussain Bokhari " was a famous doctor in the walled city Lahore; as his Grandfather "Dr. Syed Tufail Hussain Bukhari" was. Naeem Bukhari's Great-grandfather was a spiritual personality named "Peer Syed Fida Hussain Bukhari". Bukhari claims to be Lahori from 6 generations before that his ancestors were from Syedanwali Sialkot.

Television
In 2015 Bokhari joined Khabarnak, a talk show on Geo TV, replacing Aftab Iqbal. He hosted other talk shows, including Apne Andaz Se and Naeem Bokhari ke saath on which he interviewed many guests. He interviewed Imran Khan during his work at Khabarnak.

Chaudhry controversy
His open letter against Chief Justice Iftikhar Mohammed Chaudhry published on Feb 16, 2007 created a controversy. This led to the dismissal of the Chief Justice by President Pervez Musharraf. The Punjab Bar Council reacted after March 9, 2007, when the controversy had reached its peak and dismissed his membership in Punjab Bar Council. Later on, his membership was renewed.

On 9 March 2007, President Musharraf fired Chaudhry. Most of the charges listed against him were contained in a letter written by Bokhari. A copy of the letter was placed before the CJP when he was called to the Army House that day.

Most of the alleged charges against Chaudhry were related to his son Arsalan Iftikhar's police career while he was a doctor in the Baluchistan government. When the reference against CJP was brought to the Supreme Judicial Council, those in the government who had been facilitating Iftikhar's son were ready to speak against him. Bokhari's letter contained the name of Interior Minister Aftab Sherpao, whose ministry had issued orders to treat Arsalan with extra care and then allowing him to get police training along with probationers of the Police Service of Pakistan (PSP Cadre). The letter mentioned that the junior VVIP got special treatment because of his father. Later, Arsalan was appointed to FIA on deputation after seeking the written consent of the Federal Interior Minister; Naeem Bokhari gave details.

Joining PTI
Naeem Bukhari on June 18, 2016, joined the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf and formally announced his association the same evening. Speaking on the occasion, Imran Khan thanked the lawyer for joining the PTI and expressed the hope that he would be helpful in party's struggle against corruption.

Chairman of PTV
On 23 November 2020, Prime Minister Imran Khan appointed him as Chairman of Pakistan Television Corporation.

title: Naeem Bokhari


text:
Cry (Mandy Moore song)

"Cry" is a song by American recording artist Mandy Moore, released on November 4, 2001, by Epic Records. It was written by James Renald, and co-produced by Renald and Peter Mokran. The song was released as a single from the soundtrack A Walk to Remember: Music From the Motion Picture and was also the third and final single from her self-titled second studio album.

The single's b-side, "Someday We'll Know", is a cover song that was originally performed by New Radicals. It was later included on Moore's compilation album Candy (2005).

Song information
Moore said in a Billboard interview that she carried around a copy of the song for over a year before she recorded it. "It felt like my ace in the hole. It's such a beautiful song on every level. I couldn't wait to get into the studio and sing it." She also said that James Renald, the co-writer and co-producer of the song, had to "peel" her out of the vocal booth because she "wanted to sing it over and over again."

Track listing

 * CD single
 * 1) "Cry" – 3:43
 * 2) "Someday We'll Know" (with Jon Foreman) – 3:42

title: Cry (Mandy Moore song)


text: User:PrzemekL

title: User:PrzemekL


text:
User:The Minister of War/Sandbox/Partofwar1

 * colspan="2" border="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: center; background:#bbaaee"|Part of
 * colspan="2" border="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: center; background:#bbaaee"|Part of


text:
Dave Lowry

David John Lowry (born February 14, 1965) is a Canadian ice hockey coach and former professional player. He is currently an associate coach with the Seattle Kraken of the National Hockey League (NHL). He played in the NHL from 1985 to 2004.

Lowry's sons, Adam and Joel, were drafted by the Winnipeg Jets and the Los Angeles Kings, respectively.

Playing career
Born in Sudbury, Ontario and raised in Ottawa, Lowry was drafted by the Vancouver Canucks in the 6th round, 110th overall, in the 1983 NHL Entry Draft. He played three seasons with the London Knights of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) before joining the Canucks for the start of the 1985–86 NHL season. In Vancouver, he played for three seasons with only spending part of the 1987–88 season in the minors for the Fredericton Express of the American Hockey League (AHL). On 29 September 1988, just prior to the start of the 1988–89 NHL season, Lowry was traded to the St. Louis Blues for Ernie Vargas.

After spending most of the 1988–89 season with the Peoria Rivermen of the International Hockey League (IHL), Lowry joined the Blues for the last 21 games of the season including ten more games in the playoffs. Lowry stayed with St. Louis until the end of the 1992–93 NHL season. Lowry was never much of an offensive threat as his highest goal total was 19, which he did twice, both times with the Blues, and his highest point total was 40, which was also with the Blues. Before he retired, he managed to play over 1000 NHL games.

Lowry was drafted in the expansion draft by the Florida Panthers before the 1993–94 NHL season. Lowry had his best years in Florida. Perhaps he is most famous for being on the runner up team in 1995–96. He would be given the nickname Mr. Playoff as he scored ten goals during the 1996 Stanley Cup Playoffs. After five seasons in Florida, he was traded to the San Jose Sharks near the beginning of the 1997–98 season along with a first round pick in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft (Vincent Lecavalier) for Viktor Kozlov and a fifth round pick (Jaroslav Špaček) also in the 1998 draft.

After only three seasons in San Jose, Lowry went to the Calgary Flames for the 2000–01 season where he played out his last four seasons, with the exception of a brief stint with the Saint John Flames of the AHL. In his last NHL season, he played only 18 games in the regular season acquiring one goal and one assist. In the playoffs, though, he played 10 games in Calgary's improbable Stanley Cup run of 2004 that ended in a loss to the Tampa Bay Lightning.

Coaching career
After retiring as a player, Lowry began coaching, joining the Western Hockey League's Calgary Hitmen as an assistant coach in 2005. Lowry was promoted to associate coach in 2007, and named the head coach of the Hitmen in 2008, succeeding Kelly Kisio. After one season as head coach for the Hitmen, Lowry joined the Calgary Flames in the NHL as an assistant coach beginning in 2009, where he served for three seasons.

On July 19, 2012, Lowry was named the head coach of the Victoria Royals of the WHL.

On May 30, 2017, Lowry was hired as an assistant coach for the Los Angeles Kings of the NHL. After two seasons with the Kings, he returned to the WHL as the head coach of the Brandon Wheat Kings.

On November 23, 2020, Lowry was hired as an assistant coach for the Winnipeg Jets, reuniting him with his son Adam. On December 17, 2021, Lowry was named interim head coach of the Jets after head coach Paul Maurice resigned.

title: Dave Lowry


text:
Talk:Dave Lowry

Cleanup
I added the infobox and tidied up the lead. Also removed the date of the loss of the Stanley Cup. Article still needs some work. Flyguy649talkcontribs 05:40, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dave Lowry


text:
User:Janwuitv

Jan Willems (1953) is an amateur musician from Veghel, The Netherlands.

He plays with friends in several, localy well-known bands.

He plays guitar, tres, mandolin, ukelele, piano, accordion and sings.

In his playing he is heavily influenced by Doc Watson, although he has his roots in bluegrass music and fingerpicking styles form the seventies. But he is also influenced by dutch singers like Johnny Jordaan, classical guitar and even some jazz. Lately he is also playing a bit of flamenco and cuban music. You can find more info on http://www.janwillems.nl

title: User:Janwuitv


text:
IDH

IDH may refer to:

 * Isocitrate dehydrogenase
 * Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis
 * Interactive Data Handler
 * Intradialytic hypotension

title: IDH


text:
Jaguar 1

The Raketenjagdpanzer (RakJPz 3) Jaguar 1 was a West German tank destroyer equipped with anti-tank guided missiles. From 1978 to 1982, 316 obsolete Raketenjagdpanzer 2 units were converted into Jaguar 1s by replacing the SS.11 missile system with a HOT launcher and upgrading the armour. From 1993 to 1995, new optics and a thermal imaging system were added to create the Jaguar 1A3.

title: Jaguar 1


text:
User:Darryl Hamlin

Darryl Edward Hamlin

Born: June 19, 1985

Contact Information:
 * Y!M: darryl_hamlin

Picture will come when I take one that's actually semi-recent.

Unless otherwise noted, all of my contributions here are public domain.

This page will be expanded on later, but feel free to edit my page, so long as it's in good faith.

Why I'm here
Generally to fix articles that are in need of it, though occassionally to add some little tidbit of knowledge that's rattling around the ol' brainpan.

Most of this knowledge is in the realms of science-fiction/fantasy, mathematics, sciences, computer technology, or professional wrestling.

On Work
You gotta have a job, right? Find something you can have fun at. If you love cars, be a mechanic. If you love cooking, go ahead and get that career as a fast food chain manager. Just find something you love, and find a way to make money with it. We can't all be movie stars or rocket scientists, nor would we all want to be.

On School
You'll hate something about it. Focus on the good stuff, push the bad out of your mind. Obviously, I don't mean not to report it. Just don't dwell on the bad stuff. All you'll do is give yourself a major headache from hitting your head against the wall.

On Life
Expect the best, prepare for the worst, but always have fun. When they predict a blizzard, get ready for a power outage and to be stuck, expect that it'll be just enough to cancel school and work, but have fun either way.

On People
People are imperfect. We all have our flaws, but that's what makes us unique. Lights only shine in comparison to darkness. When it's too bright, you're just as sightless as in the dark.

On Politics
It's an ugly business, but someone's going to have to do it.

title: User:Darryl Hamlin


text:
Another Late Night: Zero 7

Another Late Night: Zero 7 is a DJ mix album, mixed by English musical duo Zero 7. It is the fourth in the series from Late Night Tales. It was released on 18 February 2002 on Late Night Tales in the UK (catalogue no. ALNCD04) and on Kinetic Records in the USA (catalogue no. 67728-54705-2).

Single
"Truth And Rights" (a mistitled cover of Johnny Osborne's "Truths & Rights") was released as a single to promote the album in 2002.

 * UK 7" single ALN704
 * 1) "Truth And Rights"
 * 2) "Truth And Rights (Spoken Word Story)"

title: Another Late Night: Zero 7


text:
Talk:Greg Laurie

READER'S CAUTION
This is a biography of a living, publicly known person. As such, I suggest the sources on this page be triple checked. There are many potential inaccuracies throughout the article. Laurie has written over a dozen books, some of which are autobiographical, all of which are available at most bookstores. Suprisingly, not one of his books are cited in the article when reporting on his education or past. So where did the information come from - someone's internet blog? Is it "Wikipedia reliable" or just some biased drivel from those who don't fully agree with Laurie or his beliefs?

Also, nothing is mentioned about his significant ministry experience prior to establishing Harvest Christian Fellowship - apart from some obscure reference to a small bible study he led over twenty years ago. Laurie didn't simply "walk out of obscurity" and start preaching - let's get some better facts on this guy people! Additionally, nothing tangible is mentioned about his "Harvest Crusades" (i.e. attendence figures, past locations, guest speakers / musicians, etc). We didn't just raise almost 8 million dollars for Wikepedia to bolster our own opinions about someone's faith and qualifications. VERIFIABLE FACTS ONLY PLEASE. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.242.1.50 (talk) 19:08, 6 January 2010 (UTC)
 * We don't take information from the subjects of articles (what we call "self-published sources"). They are notoriously unreliable. We want impartial information from reliable sources. And we certainly aren't going to turn this article into a fan reference site for "attendence figures, past locations, guest speakers / musicians, etc"! -- Orange Mike |  Talk  02:04, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
 * hi sir your message is powerful and God is using you in a mighty way how I wish that one day God bring you in Kenya 154.159.237.146 (talk) 04:49, 13 September 2023 (UTC)

Question
Where did Pastor Laurie go to seminary? Does anyone know???
 * I don't know. A lot of the guys from the "second wave" of the Jesus Movement got pretty extensive OJT. I'm told that that Greg worked a lot with Chuck Smith back in the day.
 * Not sure it matters. Not sure if a formal education makes a huge difference with regard to ministry. I've seen guys with Seminary training that have no gift (thus no reason) to preach. Greg is gifted - his relevence and work speaks for it itself. knoodelhed 11:50, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
 * He didn't go to seminary. In fact, he doesn't even have a bachelor's degree. He has a few honorary doctorates, but its common knowledge that honorary doctorates (especially from religious institutions) are nothing more than PR tools. Sometimes, they're given out to compel a famous person to make a speech at the doctorate-issuing university; other times, they're given out in an attempt to admit the recipient into the university's crony club. Be that as it may, they're certainly not distributed because of scholastic ability.--71.9.9.13 02:20, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

 * In other words, Greg Laurie is not deserving of the doctoral academic distinction given that he has not put in any academic work.

 * Does a leader of a religious group really need any formal training in scripture? Isn't high school enough? --MLSmateo 05:37, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I wonder how much education some of the early disciples received. Paul wasn't an educated man, yet he shook the world through the Holy Spirit  216.31.211.11 01:19, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

 * You don't think that someone who has put in countless hours studying to teach the Bible every week has not put in any "academic work". Are you serious???  As far as Paul not being educated, that is incorrect.  He was a HIGHLY educated person in his day.  However, the point can be made about Peter, John, and the other disciples.  Fishermen were certainly not extensively educated in the academic world of their time, but they were still very effective evangelists.  The point is, higher education isn't necessary to be good evangelists but that doesn't mean they are not intelligent or put any effort into educating themselves.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.241.23.185 (talk) 01:18, 21 October 2008 (UTC)

 * As noted in Acts 23:6, Paul was "... a Pharisee, the son of a Pharisee." Since the Pharisee's are the Jewish Priesthood, I would hardly call Paul "uneducated". And as the previous poster noted, Peter would be a better example of an uneducated preacher. Ken Roberts 14:43, 9 August 2010 (UTC)

 * As far as I understand it (being a Southern Baptist and married to a youth minister), a preacher only needs to be called and ordained by the church to be a pastor (at least in the Baptist faith). Not sure about other faiths. Formal training in scripture is a bonus and something that pastors are encouraged to pursue, but formal training is not a requirement for pastoral work. An evangelist needs even less of a formal education since an evangelist is primarily concerned with spreading the Gospel according to their faith - which only really needs a bible and (hopefully) an understanding of the bible principles (s)he's evangelizing. Ken Roberts 14:43, 9 August 2010 (UTC)

I believe he is first and foremost, a PASTOR. I wish WIKI would correct this, because he is/was a pastor first. Beez7005 (talk) 03:52, 29 April 2021 (UTC)

Necessary?
Just to get this out of the way first-I'm not affiliated with Greg Laurie or Harvest etc.,but I have to question this following paragraph:'Laurie holds two honorary doctorates from Biola University and Azusa Pacific University, although his education is limited to high school (he has yet to attain a bachelor's degree or attend bible college).' I feel that this section in parentheses is unnecessary.It is already stated that he has only attended high school,so why is it necessary to state it again?Serenacw 09:56, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, this is necessary. He did not go to college nor bible college. I agree it is oddly written statement. 71.135.96.73 04:57, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

I think the point He is trying to make is that although Greg Laurie has a "limited" education He preaches to thousands of people and has become a multimillionaire in the process. Although He is very orthodox in His messages, many criticize His lack of "formal" education and extravagant lifestyle. Que Sera... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.232.157.78 (talk) 14:26, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

 * "Extravagant Lifestyle"? Why do you suppose its "extravagant"? By whose standard? What sources do you cite?

 * Look, just becuase the man earned good money through his own effort (writing books, guest speaking, etc) dosen't make him better or worse than anyone else. Why do people insist that a Christian needs to be financialy poor in order to be relevant? Did you know that wealthy ministers (assuming Laurie is wealthy, I don't know for sure) usually don't take a salary from thier congregation? They make money from book sales, endorsements, interviews, etc. If you wrote a best seller and made $4 million, would you still live in a dingy apartment and drive a beater car? Why? Nothing extravagant about working hard and being successful at what you do. More power to him... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.242.1.15 (talk) 16:18, 7 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I found this for you:
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_of_a_needle#Christianity
 * A very clear passage in which Jesus Christ himself states that the rich are, virtually by definition, sinners who are unwelcome in the kingdom of God. Unless they renounce their excessive, unnecessary, worldly possessions in favor of a lifestyle which exists purely to serve the lord without blowing a ton of money on personal bells and whistles. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.230.132.186 (talk) 10:12, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I think you need to go back and re-read that passage. The rich man in the story was asking Jesus how he could get into heaven - I believe Greg Laurie's work already stands that he's not trying to "buy" his way into heaven since his testimony was about becoming a Christian before he became "rich". Ken Roberts 14:53, 9 August 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Alisonken1 (talk • contribs)

76.246.235.134 (talk) 01:24, 1 February 2010 (UTC)

How is any of this important? 206.169.15.5 (talk) 22:46, 17 February 2010 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 16:44, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Greg Laurie. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110512003447/http://www.outreachmagazine.com/magazine/recent-issues/3762-The-2010-Outreach-100.html to http://www.outreachmagazine.com/magazine/recent-issues/3762-The-2010-Outreach-100.html
 * Added tag to http://www.greglaurie.org/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:25, 23 October 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Greg Laurie. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070810043240/http://www.billygraham.org/glossyIncludes/Development_AnnualReports/pdf/BGEA2006AnnualReport.pdf to http://www.billygraham.org/glossyIncludes/Development_AnnualReports/pdf/BGEA2006AnnualReport.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:19, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

Covid-19
Expand upon Wikipietime (talk) 02:37, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

"Baptist pastor" in opening paragraph?
Laurie's relatively new denominational affiliation is certainly newsworthy, but mention of it seems quite out of place for the introduction, unless in some parenthetical phrase like "Southern Baptist but still under the Calvary Chapel umbrella", which would be cumbersome for the opening sentence and is not here being recommended. Am not questioning his bona fides, his call from God into the Baptist camp, nor the fact that he long ago emerged from behind the shadow of Chuck Smith; but I suspect that most people who have heard of Laurie identify him as a Calvary Chapel man, and always would even if he severed all official ties with CC. FWIW, the word "Baptist" appears nowhere in the new movie about how he got his start in ministry. – HelpMyUnbelief (talk) 04:59, 19 March 2023 (UTC)

Movie
Who edited this to include Jesus Revolution in the introduction? Seems like an unnecessary marketing ploy to hype the just-released movie. 64.201.112.203 (talk) 01:11, 26 March 2023 (UTC)
 * I did. Full disclosure: I watched the movie recently – and liked it – so it was fresh in my thinking and in fact was my motivation for looking up the article on Greg Laurie in the first place. Mention of the movie in the intro was intended merely as a quick tie-in to something current and relevant; the idea of a marketing ploy never crossed my mind. In hindsight, though, I can see why it would look that way. If it comes across thusly, I repent in sackcloth and ashes. :-( – HelpMyUnbelief (talk) 21:44, 29 March 2023 (UTC)

RECENT ENCOUNTER While taking care of a woman with Dementia we encountered a man who was sitting in the foyer of a diner in Lindenhurst, NY. This man’s wife’s aunt recently passed away. He was searching his phone for a Dr to help his wife through this time. I provided a Dr that helped me when my husband of 31 years passed away. We prayed together for his wife & family. Then he said a blessing in all of us. Was this man you??? It’s driving me crazy that I felt I knew you but took me awhile to think of Greg Laurie since I’ve watched your sermons on TV & always found them encouraging, loving, & in direct line with God’s Word. Please respond. 631-806-8189. God bless you for all you do for all of us. LISA 24.44.38.139 (talk) 03:14, 21 February 2024 (UTC)

Greg Laurie first was the pastor at Calvary Chapel Downey. 47.136.162.56 (talk) 01:17, 4 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Greg Laurie


text:
Talk:List of British divisions in the First World War

Untitled
On the pages which lead from here, in which the several divisions are described, the first heading is "Unit History". In those articles I have seen, there is little under this heading as yet but there is a great deal of scope for filling it out. I suggest that the "Unit history" should be placed after "Battles". In this way we should have the summary of the division before the detail of its work. We should know what we were reading about before we engaged in a long history.

Unless I find a strong argument against this, I shall move the headings in the divisional pages accordingly. (RJP 10:35, 29 September 2005 (UTC))

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on List of British divisions in World War I. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20040402040349/http://www.1914-1918.net/menu_army.htm to http://www.1914-1918.net/menu_army.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:10, 17 May 2017 (UTC)

63rd (Royal Naval) Division
Is there any reason why the 63rd (Royal Naval) Division is marked as a New Army division? Surely if there was ever a good candidate for "Other" this unique outfit (Royal Navy and Royal Marine personnel serving under command of the War Office) would be it!

TomboPC (talk) 22:32, 3 September 2021 (UTC)