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Talk:Aerial (album)

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Pi
I found a website dedicated to finding a pattern in the "missing digits" in the song "Pi." However, I wasn't sure if it belonged on this wiki or not. I'll leave the link here and let you decide:

I took the Pi link out because links are for the text part of the album. WHEN the album comes out, you can say, "Pi is Kate reciting the digits of the number", or whatever. That's why I said "link taken out for now. Stev0 15:53, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * When was agreement reached that links are for the text part of the album? (I note that you removed the link BEFORE discussion could take place.)  I am going to re-insert the link as it is perfectly reasonable to link to an explanation of what pi is.  I would ask you to leave it there unless you can provide a better explanation for removing what is a perfectly run-o-the-mill x-ref.  Csm1701 17:27, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It's the randomness that bothers me. It's the ONLY song with a link, so it sticks out like the proverbial sore thumb.  Why not link "The Coral Room" to the word "Coral"?  Why not link "The Architect's Dream" to architecture?  Etc.  I would ask that you leave it out unless you can provide a better explanation for why that one song should have a random link.Stev0 21:03, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * btw, I started a discussion in the Kate Bush discussion page so we can get other points of view. Stev0 22:17, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * OK, you have now altered a perfectly sensible x-ref on three occasions for no reason other than if offends your sense of style. Again, you have done so BEFORE DISCUSSING IT HERE. Reverting endlessly and autocratically telling people when they may or may not say something is very, very poor form - I would urge you to re-read the guidelines on resolving disputes.  Csm1701 22:42, 4 October 2005 (UTC)  BTW Just read your comment on the History page "(I can do this all day, you know)" no doubt true.  It is also revealing.

 * Stev0 Wikipedia is the result of co-operative endevor and disputes must be settled co-operatively, too.  Instructing contributors as to when/how they may contribute, insisting on a style you approve of, repeatedly altering someone's contribution and posting goading Edit Summaries is not the way to go.  I will not revert to linking 'pi' (though IMHO the link makes sense) however I hope you will reconsider both your actions and the manner in which you choose to interact with fellow contributors.  83.217.190.69 08:20, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I admit I was heavy-handed in my comments (I'm still learning my way around here). However, I gave a reason why I don't think it should be linked at this time.  No one has given a reason why it SHOULD be linked.  It's not a question of "correct" or "incorrect" style, it's a question of doing things without rhyme or reason.Stev0 12:22, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Stev0. Comparing the edit times with the comment time-stamps here, you did not give a reason until it was (very reasonably) insisted upon.   The reason, if you insist upon there being one, for retaining the link is that the meaning of the symbol is not immediately obvious to everyone on first reading.  It certainly wasn't to me at first glance.  On reflection, the link will be be re-instated for the sake of such clarity.  Rather than clog up this article's Talk page any further, I'd ask you to please go through the correct procedure if you believe this action is unsatisfactory. 83.217.190.69 12:39, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * OK. "Clarity of the meaning of the symbol" is a perfectly good reason.  I agree that the link should be there, then.Stev0 14:25, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Reviews?
Are there any online reviews of the whole album itself yet? I'm hearing some dubious comments from people wondering if Bush is still relevant, etc. and while I suppose such arguments are in the eye and ear of the beholder (IMO I hope she isn't just doing a rehash of Red Shoes, Sensual World, etc) I think it might be interesting to link to articles that discuss this. The world of popular music has changed 10 fold since Bush last released an album and there already those who have put her in the "70s camp" because, of course, anything "old" is automatically "bad" in the minds of young people today. 23skidoo 15:16, 27 October 2005 (UTC)
 * A number of reviews have been linked to on The Homeground Board, mostly favorable. Stev0 02:26, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

So why a 2-CD version anyway?
Does the 2-CD European/Asian version have multimedia or other extras? It appears the single-disc North American release has the same tracks, yet they managed to get everything onto one disc. (Which I'm happy to see as it'll be available for about 1/2 the cost of the imported double.) 23skidoo 22:07, 27 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Some sites have listed the length of each song, and it comes out to something like 15 seconds more than a CD can theoretically hold (I'm just repeating what I heard, I don't know if it's true or not. I'm not even sure if the track lengths posted are true, which is why I suggest waiting until the album actually comes out before posting them).  My guess is those 15 seconds were trimmed from at least one song on the American version (but again, we'll have to wait for the album itself to see). Stev0 02:23, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I am pretty confident that this idea of a 1CD North American release is wrong. Check out other sites: towerrecords.com in the USA - many (Tower included) who state plainly that it's a 2 disc set.  I think we should revert to the 1 tracklisting unless we gett better proof than this.  BTW, I notice 'Pi' has reverted to its unlinked state, despite previous discussion. 83.217.190.69 17:50, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Well, just so long as the cost is reasonable. Amazon.ca was listing a price for the 2-CD version of $55 Cdn. and IMO it's commercial suicide for Bush to sell a CD at this cost in the age of downloading. The $19.99 US price cited by Amazon.com is much better though that in turn sounds a bit too low for 2 discs (although Nellie McKay managed it with Get Away from Me). I guess we'll know in about a week. 23skidoo 21:51, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The search on Columbia Records US site took me to the Sony Music Shop USA. The listing there for Aerial states that its a 2 CD set with identical tracklisting to the UK version.  This is good enough for me, and there seems to be no confirmation anywhere to support amazon.com's claim.  I've removed the 1 CD tracklist for now.  83.217.190.69 08:36, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

If there is only 15 seconds more material than would fit on 1 CD then it is very likely that 2 CDs were chosen for artistic reasons. Firstly, it just seems more impressive to see 2 CDs. Secondly, it very clearly separates the 2 parts, A Sea of Honey and A Sky of Honey in a way that a casual listener could have ignored on her similarly structured album Hounds of Love. It truly makes it a double album. If you want to hear only the whole of the second part, you don't need to skip through the tracks- you just put the correct CD in and press play. Incidentally, one of R.E.M.'s finest albums, New Adventures in Hi-Fi, is on 1 CD and uses all 74 minutes. (Picnico) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Picnico (talk • contribs) 19:11, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

Pi link
I know this was discussed a bit, above, but is there a purpose to the "Missing links on Pi" link that was just added? Looks like just a lyric page. What's missing about it? 23skidoo 06:27, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

Aerials
Is it possible that this could get confused with the System of a Down song, Aerials? --Gophergun 16:15, 14 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd say it's more likely to get confused by the Moby song Aerial from his album Hotel, considering it's also the last song on the second sort-of thematic CD of a two-CD set. Stev0 17:35, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Concept
Although it is listed as a concept album on other pages, nothing on the page mentions that 'A Sky of Honey' is a concept, or more important, what it is about. I think this needs to be addressed in the artical. I'm not very familiar with Wikipedia yet, so I think someone more experianced many need to do it. -- —Preceding unsigned comment added by Spyk (talk • contribs) at 09:30, 25 October 2006

 * I just removed the bit in 'Miscellanea' that refers to the 'concept' nature of the second disc. Regardless of whether or not it is indeed a concept, it's open to interpretation and needs something to back it up. As it was, it looked too much like original research which is banned on Wikipedia (see Original Research). 82.28.228.147 19:43, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

Singles
Any idea why only one was released ? -- Beardo 04:20, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

I've never seen any indication given by Kate Bush as to why only 1 single was released. In one interview by Mojo, the interviewer suggested 'How to be invisible' as a second single to Kate Bush. As far as the interview states, it seems that Kate Bush didn't indicate whether a second single was on her mind. When The Red Shoes was released, one of her UK singles, Eat the Music, was very quickly withdrawn.

Fair use rationale for Image:Aerial sm.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 07:29, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

A Sea of Milk, A Sky of Honey???
really just a personal question but it also related to the topic, why does a sea of milk - a sky of honey seem more familiar?? is this a poem or something? i am constantly confusing the title of this album with that? i'm sure there must be a reason for it it just escapes my memory.. Javabyte (talk) 16:43, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 06:46, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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track numbers
The numbers of tracks under "Track listing" & "Personnel" should be synchronised. Also, under "Personnel", what did Albert McIntosh do? CasparRH (talk) 04:22, 31 August 2021 (UTC)

Starting date of recording
There's an interview dated 04 November 2005 where Kate Bush says she wrote and recorded the vocals of King Of The Mountain in 1996, which would confirm that recording began in 1996.

http://gaffa.org/reaching/iv05_bbc_front_row.html

''Kate: I did actually stop completely for a while, which is very unusual, normally I go straight from one project into another, and it was a very conscious decision to take a break. One of the first songs that I wrote was actually "King of the Mountain", and so that would probably be... nine or ten years ago, and even the vocal that I did is the same one... it was just like a throwaway vocal that I put down on the track. And then I probably didn't record anything again, for maybe... two or three years.''

title: Talk:Aerial (album)


text:
Dzintars Zirnis

Dzintars Zirnis (born 25 April 1977 in Riga) is a Latvian former football defender. He last played for Latvian First League club FK 1625 Liepāja. For almost his entire career, Zirnis played for FK Liepājas Metalurgs in the Latvian Higher League, making his debut in 1997 and playing there until 2013. He was also a member of the Latvia national football team.

Club career
Zirnis played for FK Pārdaugava Rīga before joining FK Liepājas Metalurgs in 1997. In September 2004 he played in the UEFA Cup for Metalurgs in which the club beat Faroe Islands club, B36 Tórshavn 11–2 over two legs in the first qualifying round and then beat the Swedish Allsvenskan club Östers IF in the second qualifying round. Metalurgs were beaten by the German Bundesliga club FC Schalke 04 in the first round, 9–1 over two legs. On 1 October 2005 Zirnis was a part of the Metalurgs team that beat FK Ventspils 5–1 to seal the club's first ever Latvian Higher League title. Zirnis ended his professional career after the 2013 Latvian Higher League season, having played 403 league matches and scored 7 goals. He is one of the most capped players in the history of the Latvian top tier championship behind his ex-teammate Viktors Spole and Igors Korabļovs.

International career
Zirnis made his debut for Latvia national football team on 19 August 1997 in a 0–0 draw with Azerbaijan. In November 2003 he was a part of the Latvian team that beat Turkey over two legs to qualify for the UEFA Euro 2004 finals, for the first time qualifying for a major international tournament. and played at the finals in 2004. Zirnis was sent off in the Baltic Cup final against Lithuania in Kaunas on 22 May 2005. On 17 November 2007 he scored an own goal to give Liechtenstein the lead in a UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying Group F match which Latvia eventually won 4–1. Zirnis played 68 international matches for Latvia.

Honours
Club
 * Virsliga Champion (2): 2005, 2009
 * Virsliga Runner-up (6): 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2011
 * Latvian Cup Winner (1): 2006
 * Baltic League Champion (1): 2007

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Dzintars Zirnis


text:
User talk:Oropolitics

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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Parbati River
Rather than creating a new article at Parbati River(2), why not just edit Parbati River? The content will need to be moved there regardless, but it's much simpler for all concerned if you can do that yourself so that we meet the GFDL and can then speedy delete the duplicate article. Drop me a note on my talk page if you have any questions. Thanks! — Lomn | Talk / RfC 15:54, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounds like a good reason not to merge then. Let's see about a better designation than (1) and (2), then -- what about "Parbati River (Madhya)" and "Parbati River (Himachal)", would those be appropriate? — Lomn | Talk / RfC 17:22, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Hold on
So is this one river or two? If one, we need to settle where it is and what it's a tributary of. If it's two, overwriting the previous one is entirely inappropriate. What about the name scheme I suggested above? — Lomn | Talk / RfC 19:54, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I would imagine the other was deleted due to the name used. Regardless (and regardless of relative importance), both rate an article.  If you'll re-create yours at Parbati River (Himachal Pradesh), I'll fix the other one and set up the disambiguation.  How's that? — Lomn | Talk / RfC 20:19, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * To clarify, your article needs to be the new creation, rather than the previous article, to preserve authorship credits per the GFDL. That's why you recreating the original river isn't as appropriate. — Lomn | Talk / RfC 20:20, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Parbati, continued
I have proceeded with the solution suggested above, Parbati River now disambiguates the three. I'm nominating the extra copy (Parbati River(MP)) for deletion, as Parbati River (Madhya Pradesh) is the moved version of the original article. — Lomn | Talk / RfC 20:52, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

LOOKS OK NOW Oropolitics 04:31, 7 October 2005 (UTC)oropolitics

Wikipedia is case-sensitive
Please remember when editing that wikilinks are case-sensitive. Generally all-capitals words should be avoided unless they are a proper name via acronym or the like (such as NASA). Otherwise, links like Debsa Pass become unknown targets like DEBSA PASS. — Lomn | Talk / RfC 19:56, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Name linking policy
Obviously if an article exists you go with the blue link, but when no such biography has been written, please take note of Naming conventions (names and titles), "Other non-royal names", #s 7 and 8: where possible, spell out names, but leave doctoral titles, military ranks, and the like, in the first paragraph. Consequently, Alexander Kellas is preferable to Dr.A.M. Kellas because other authors will look for that particular name. Also, there's no good standard on how spacing should work in the latter case, further complicating cross-referencing attempts. Thanks! — Lomn | Talk / RfC 21:02, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

I DO NOT REPEAT DO NOT AGREE WITH YOU. IF YOU SEARCH THE WEB YOU WILL FIND 1 REF TO ALEXANDER KELLAS, 1 REF(rgs) TO DR. ALEXANDER MICHAEL KELLAS, AND 43 TO DR.A.M.KELLAS. IN MOUNTAINEERING LITERATURE ( OF WHICH I THINK I HAVE SOMEWHAT GREATER GRASP THAN YOU) HE HAS AND ALWAYS WILL BE DR.A.M.KELLAS. I THINK THIS IS A CASE WHERE PRACTICE SHOULD GET PRECEDENCE OVER THEORY. Oropolitics 21:30, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * A quick Google search shows 112 unique hits for "Alexander Kellas" vs 41 for "Dr.A.M.Kellas" and variants. Regardless, the point stands about naming articles in such a way that other authors can find them: Alexander Kellas is unambiguous, the proper formatting of Dr.A.M.Kellas (use spaces?  where?  how many?) is not.  Also, having a grasp of mountaineering literature isn't of importance here, this is a question of adherence to Wikipedia standards and policies. — Lomn | Talk / RfC 21:57, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

THERE IS ANOTHER (OR MAYBE TWO MORE) ALEXANDER KELLAS MIXED UP IN THE FIRST SEARCH LOT, WHICH IS PRECISELY MY POINT. HOW ABOUT PUTTING DR. A. M. KELLAS IN BRACKETS AFTER ALEXANDER KELLAS? THAT WAY YOUR EDIT POLICY AND MY MTG COMMONSEMSE BOTH GET SATISFIED. I WILL DO AN ARTICLE ON KELLAS IN DUE COURSE. Oropolitics 04:04, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I also realized that we can simply leave the link target per WP policy but make the link text the Dr.A.M. variant: I have no issue w/ how the article links it (for example, linking "General so-and-so" when the article is just "so-and-so" is entirely appropriate). I'll change it to that.  — Lomn | Talk / RfC 12:53, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

MARVELLOUS. LOVE YOUR COMMONSENSE EDIT TECHNIQUE! Oropolitics 09:48, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

The other ALEXANDER KELLAS is a celebrated art director

Gurudongmar Lake
Attention LOMN : I have just returned from North Sikkim after an abortive attempt to reach Gurudongmar Lake ( which I have visited earlier in 1998), and am astonished to find the lake parked under the completely erroneous name Gurudogmar. Is there any way you can fix this error?

Oropolitics 11:16, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

 * PERHAPS THE REASON FOR YOUR INABILITY TO REACH THE LAKE WAS THAT IT WAS PARKED AT A COMPLETELY ERRONEOUS LOCATION?

 * Sorry couldn't resist :) Gurudongmar redirects to Gurudogmar, so I don't think it's a problem. Arvindn 16:31, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

WHILE I APPRECIATE THAT A PJ IS HARD TO RESIST, A STUPID MISTAKE IS NOT SET RIGHT BY AN UNNECESSARY REDIRECTION. PEOPLE WHO CAN'T SPELL OR ARE TOO LAZY TO CHECK THEIR DATA AND THEIR APOLOGISTS SHOULD KEEP THEIR HANDS OFF WIKIPEDIA.

Oropolitics 09:52, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

September 2011
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Barry Black

Barry Clayton Black (born November 1, 1948) is the 62nd chaplain of the United States Senate. He began serving as Senate chaplain on June 27, 2003, becoming the first African American and first Seventh-day Adventist to hold the office.

Black served for over 27 years in the United States Navy Chaplain Corps, rising to the rank of rear admiral (upper half) and ending his career as the Chief of Chaplains of the United States Navy. He retired from the Navy on August 15, 2003.

Naval career
Commissioned as a Navy chaplain in 1976, Black's first duty station was the Fleet Religious Support Activity in Norfolk, Virginia. Subsequent assignments included Naval Support Activity, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland; First Marine Aircraft Wing, Okinawa, Japan; Naval Training Center, San Diego, California; USS Belleau Wood (LHA-3), Long Beach, California; Naval Chaplains School Advanced Course, Newport, Rhode Island; Marine Aircraft Group Thirty-One, Beaufort, South Carolina; assistant staff chaplain, chief of naval education and training, Pensacola, Florida; and fleet chaplain, U.S. Atlantic Fleet, Norfolk, Virginia.

As a rear admiral, he received the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, the Legion of Merit Medal, the Defense Meritorious Service Medal twice, the Meritorious Service Medal twice, the Navy Commendation Medal twice, the Marine Corps Commendation Medal, and numerous unit awards, campaign, and service medals.

United States Senate chaplain
On June 27, 2003, Black was chosen as the 62nd chaplain of the United States Senate. He began the job on July 7, 2003.

During the 16-day United States federal government shutdown of 2013, Black's invocations began to garner widespread national attention. On October 1, the first day of the shutdown, he prayed for divine guidance to "strengthen our weakness, replacing cynicism with faith and cowardice with courage". On October 3, he prayed, "Save us from the madness. We acknowledge our transgressions, our shortcomings, our smugness, our selfishness and our pride... Deliver us from the hypocrisy of attempting to sound reasonable while being unreasonable."

During his prayer on October 4, the day after officers from the U.S. Capitol Police shot and killed a woman who had used her car in an attempt to breach federal grounds, Black noted that the officers were not being paid because of the shutdown. Like other government workers, he too was unpaid during the shutdown, saying, "I'm being remunerated from above. And that's pretty special." On the fourth day of the shutdown, he also prayed, of the senators, "Remove from them that stubborn pride which imagines itself to be above and beyond criticism. Forgive them the blunders they have committed."

On day nine, prompted by news of the delay of death benefits for military families, Black prayed, "It's time for our lawmakers to say 'Enough is enough'", and asked that God "cover our shame with the robe of Your righteousness". On day 11, Black prayed to "give our lawmakers the wisdom to distinguish between truth and error... Give them a hatred of all hypocrisy, deceit and shame as they seek to replace them with gentleness, patience and truth."

The U.S. House of Representatives, which has its own chaplain, also invited Black to deliver an invocation in their chamber.

Awards
In 1995, Black was chosen from 127 nominees for the NAACP Renowned Service Award for his contributions to equal opportunity and civil rights.

In 2002, he received the Benjamin Elijah Mays Distinguished Leadership Award from the Morehouse School of Religion. In 2004, the Old Dominion University chapter of the NAACP conferred on him the Image Award, "Reaffirming the Dream - Realizing the Vision", for military excellence.

On May 23, 2019, Black was awarded the Becket's 2019 Canterbury Medal for his defense of religious liberty for people of all faiths.

Education
Black is an alumnus of Oakwood University, Andrews University, North Carolina Central University, Eastern Baptist Seminary (now known as Palmer Theological Seminary), Salve Regina University, and the United States International University (now known as Alliant International University).

In addition to earning three Master of Arts degrees in divinity, counseling, and management, Black holds two earned doctorates: a Doctorate of Ministry and a Ph.D. in psychology. In 2004, he also received an honorary Doctorate of Divinity degree from La Sierra University.

Publication
Black's autobiography, From the Hood to the Hill, was published in 2006. He has explained its title as follows: "One of the reasons why I call my book From the Hood to the Hill is because we grew up in the hood. We grew up in the toxic pathology of an inner city ghetto. There were prostitutes on the corner, there were drug pushers, there was domestic violence that you could see sitting on the steps – of your home. So, it was a very challenging situation.

And my mother, who for a significant portion of my life was on public assistance, would often have difficulty paying the rent and ensuring that her children matriculated at Christian schools because my seven siblings and I all matriculated at Christian schools from grade 1 all the way through graduate school. So, to pull this off, many times she couldn't pay the rent, and when you don't pay the rent, you will be evicted. And so, three times in my life, I came home from my nice Christian school to find our furniture out on the street."

In popular culture
As a result of the attention his invocations received during the federal government shutdown, Black was parodied on NBC's Saturday Night Live. Playing Black during the show's "Weekend Update" segment that aired on October 12, 2013, SNL cast member Kenan Thompson prayed, "Lord, bless and forgive these braying jackasses." Thompson's Black prayed, "May they find themselves in a restroom stall devoid of toilet paper."

When approached for a reaction, Black responded that, while he had not seen it, he was a fan of the show and did not object to the parody. "It's all in good humor", he said. "If you're doing something constructive enough that you're part of their cartoons, that's a great honor."

Personal life
Black is a native of Baltimore, Maryland. His mother was a domestic and his father was a long-distance truck driver "and something of a nomad". He is one of eight children.

He is married to Brenda Black, née Pearsall, of St. Petersburg, Florida. They have three sons: Barry II, Brendan, and Bradford.

Black is a Seventh-day Adventist and vegetarian. He has said, "that is not something that is a test of fellowship in my church. I'm a vegetarian because I grew up that way and I believe it's a rather healthy lifestyle."

title: Barry Black


text:
Pymatuning State Park (Pennsylvania)

Pymatuning State Park is a Pennsylvania state park covering 21122 acre in Conneaut, North Shenango, Pine, Sadsbury, South Shenango, West Fallowfield and West Shenango Townships, Crawford County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Pymatuning State Park is the largest state park in Pennsylvania and contains the 17088 acre of Pymatuning Lake, three-quarters of which is in Pennsylvania and one-quarter of which is in Ohio. A 1.7-mile (2.7 km) causeway extends between Pennsylvania and Ohio near the center of the lake. The lake provides fishing and boating year round. There are two natural areas, Clark Island (161 acre) and Blackjack (725 acre) in the park. The park is also home to the University of Pittsburgh's Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. Like all Pennsylvania state parks, admission to the Pymatuning State Park is free. The northern access for Pymatuning State Park can be reached from U.S. Route 6 and the southern access is reached from U.S. Route 322.

Pymatuning State Park was chosen by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR) and its Bureau of Parks as one of "25 Must-See Pennsylvania State Parks".

The park will be the only State Park in Pennsylvania to be in the path of totality for the 2024 total solar eclipse that has camping.

Native Americans
Pymatuning State Park is on land that was once a very large swamp. The first known inhabitants were the Mound Builders. Two of their mounds were flooded over by the creation of Pymatuning Lake. The Lenape were living in the area when European settlers first came to the area. The lake is named for the chief, who lived in the area at the time, Pihmtomink. The Lenape were pushed out of the area by the Seneca tribe a member of the larger Iroquois Confederacy. The Seneca were defeated by General Anthony Wayne's forces during the Northwest Indian War and left the area under the terms of the Treaty of Greenville. This treaty marked the beginning of the white man's domination of the area.

From swamplands to parklands
The first settlers to the area were farmers. Life was not easy for the farmers. The land was very swampy and very difficult to reclaim. Farm animals that wandered off were often lost in the quicksands of the swamp or fell prey to predators like foxes, bears and mountain lions. The swamps were infested with mosquitoes that brought yellow fever to the settlers.

Building a dam on the Shenango River was first explored in 1911. A massive flood in 1913 caused $3 million in damage and took several lives. The Pennsylvania General Assembly approved a budget of $1.2 million to build at dam across the Shenango, but Governor John K. Tener slashed the budget to just $100,000. The legislature took action again in 1917. This time approving a $400,000 budget under the condition that the needed land in Ohio be purchased by the private sector. The Pymatuning Land Company was formed and raised the needed funds to purchase the needed Ohio properties. The land was finally acquired in full by 1931 when Governor Gifford Pinchot approved $1.5 million to complete the dam. 7,000 men began work on the dam in 1931, and the project was completed in 1934. The final cost of building the dam was $3,717,739; and the lake now holds 64275000000 usgal of water, covering 17088 acre over a length of 17 mi with a width of 1.6 mi at the widest and 70 mi of shoreline with a maximum depth of 35 ft.

Pymatuning Lake
Pymatuning Lake was formed in the 1930s by a dam on the Shenango River. The lake features multiple beaches and camping areas in both Pennsylvania and Ohio. The northeastern part of Pymatuning Lake, east of the spillway and three miles (5 km) south of Linesville, is a protected gameland where colonies of 20,000 Canada geese and many more ducks winter each year. The lake is the result of an earth dam three miles (5 km) north of Jamestown, Pennsylvania, whose outflow forms the Shenango River. A north-south spillway crosses the northern part of the lake, with the gameland on the east side.

Along this spillway are a wildlife museum and the Linesville spillway, a site famous as "The Place Where the Ducks Walk on the Fishes' Backs". Many people throw bread into the water here, and the resulting density of fish (carp) enables the ducks and other waterfowl to walk on top of the carp to vie for the thrown food. The spillway was renovated in 2007. The Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources had planned to prohibit bread as food for the carp and ducks on January 1, 2009, only permitting commercial fish food as part of an effort to clean up the area and increase its wild nature, but subsequently reconsidered.

Boating
Motorboats up to 20 hp are permitted on Pymatuning Lake. All boats must have a current registration with any state or a launch permit from the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. There are three marinas in the Pennsylvania owned part of the lake. These marinas have mooring facilities and rent pontoon boats, rowboats, motorboats, canoes, and motors. They also have stores that sell bait, tackle and snacks.

Fishing
Pymatuning State Park is open for year-round fishing on Pymatuning Lake. It is a warm water fishery. The most common species are largemouth and smallmouth bass, walleye, bluegill, crappie, perch, carp, and muskellunge. The lake is a popular ice fishing destination during the winter months. All anglers are expected to follow the rules and regulations of the fish commission. Licenses from Ohio and Pennsylvania are permitted if the fishermen are fishing from a boat in any section of the lake. Only Pennsylvania licensed fishermen can fish from the Pennsylvania shore and only Ohio licensed fishermen are permitted to fish from the Ohio shore.

One of the largest warm water fish hatcheries in the world is owned and operated by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission at Pymatuning State Park.

Swimming
There are four beaches that are open to the public at Pymatuning State Park. All four are open from 8:00 a.m. until sunset beginning in late-May and ending mid-September. Lifeguards are not posted at the beach. Swim at your own risk. The beaches do have bathhouses with restrooms.

Wildlife
Pymatuning State Park is home to a wide variety of wildlife. Bald eagles make their nests in the trees on the shores of Pymatuning Lake. Migratory waterfowl and resident waterfowl thrive in the waters of the lake. The Pennsylvania Game Commission operates a waterfowl museum at the park. The land surrounding the lake is ideal habitat for white tailed deer and other woodland animals.

Hunting
Hunting is permitted on about 10300 acre of Pymatuning State Park. Hunters are expected to follow the rules and regulations of the Pennsylvania Game Commission. The common game species are squirrels, waterfowl, white-tailed deer, and rabbits. The hunting of groundhogs is prohibited. Special areas of the lake are set aside for waterfowl hunting.

Staying overnight
Pymatuning State Park is open for overnight guests beginning in mid-April and ending in late-October. There are two camping areas at the park. They are near the lake and have a sanitary dumping station. Linesville Campground is in the northern part of the park. It has modern facilities including modern bathhouses with flush toilets and hot showers. Tuttle Campground is closed. Jamestown campgrounds is within walking distances of small stores that sell a variety of camping supplies and groceries. Laundry facilities are located at each of the stores.

There are twenty five modern cabins available to rent at Pymatuning State Park. Each cabin has a furnished living area, a kitchen and dining area, restrooms, and two or three bedrooms. Bed linens, towels, tableware and cookware are not provided.

Nearby state parks
The following state parks are within 30 mi of Pymatuning State Park:
 * Erie Bluffs State Park (Erie County)
 * Maurice K. Goddard State Park (Mercer County)
 * Mosquito Lake State Park (Ohio)
 * Pymatuning State Park (Ohio)

title: Pymatuning State Park (Pennsylvania)


text:
Talk:Puerto Madryn

Untitled
Gentilicios Argentinos] for cities of 50,000 and more inhabitants. Mariano (t/c) 15:55, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Wrong photograph?
I think the photograph shown in this article is not from Puerto Madryn (where I lived for 6 years). This place could be anywhere in the Patagonian coast, but I think is actually off Puerto Piramides, a small town 100 km away from Puerto Madryn. In any case, shouldn't we have a photograph where you could actually see the city?

I think you are right. In any case the picture in the spanish site it is more accurate.

title: Talk:Puerto Madryn


text:
List of Zatoichi episodes

This is an episode list for the Japanese jidaigeki television series Zatoichi.

title: List of Zatoichi episodes


text:
Talk:Jill Halfpenny

Fair use rationale for Image:Izziered.jpg
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title: Talk:Jill Halfpenny


text: User talk:88.104.57.218

title: User talk:88.104.57.218


text:
London Knights (UK)

London Knights was an English ice hockey team based in London. They played in the UK's Ice Hockey Superleague between September 1998 and April 2003.

History
The Knights were founded in 1998 by Anschutz Entertainment Group in the hope of being able to partake in the British ice hockey boom of the 1990s, when teams like Manchester Storm and Sheffield Steelers drew in large crowds of up to 8000 on average and up to 17,000 in single games. Anschutz hoped that a London-based team would help raise the awareness of the sport not only in London, but in the whole of the UK. Furthermore, the team was founded in order to help make the financially struggling London Arena (which was co-owned by Anschutz and SMG) more profitable.

The team shared its name with the Ontario Hockey League team, the London Knights, but they had nothing to do with each other as the origin of the name came from the then policy of Anschutz Entertainment Group to brand its ice hockey franchises with a regal theme associated with its flagship Los Angeles Kings NHL franchise, hence the Ontario Reign, Reading Royals and the Manchester Monarchs and Munich Barons, both of whom are now defunct as well.

The Knights enjoyed some success in their brief existence. They won the British Super League playoffs in 2000, thus becoming British league champion, but their biggest success was reaching the final of the Continental Cup in 2001, becoming the first British team to do so and being the most successful British team in the history of the tournament until it was won by the Nottingham Panthers in 2017. They beat HC Slovan Bratislava 5:2 and the Munich Barons 4:1, but lost to the ZSC Lions 0:1.

They were coached by Jim Fuyarchuk, Chris McSorley, Bob Leslie and Jim Brithén. McSorley would later go on to coach Great Britain and work as assistant coach to Team Canada. His brother Marty McSorley, then of the Boston Bruins, was almost signed by the Knights while serving a 100-game ban in the NHL.

Despite their on-ice success, their attendance figures were always rather disappointing as they never drew much more than 3000 people on average - which certainly wasn't bad considering that before the Knights, there hadn't been a professional ice hockey team in London for decades, but on the other hand, there was certainly much more potential, considering the size of the town, the attendance figures of the other teams in the league and the fact that the arena could hold up to 12,500 people and Anschutz invested much in marketing.

In 2003, the team's arena, the London Arena, was sold, and the team were left homeless. There were hopes they would find a temporary home for two years before moving to the O2 Arena in 2005, but when the Superleague folded after the 2002–03 season, the team announced that it would "not be icing" in the following season, and never returned.

After the demise of the Superleague, the Elite Ice Hockey League was founded as its replacement, and the London Racers were established as a successor to the Knights, but they were much more low-profile and played at a much smaller venue, and after only two and a half seasons, they folded in late 2005 due to safety problems at their home venue. Since then, there hasn't been a London-based ice hockey team in the top-tier league again.

Superleague
This table shows the Knights' standings and results in the British Ice Hockey Superleague.

The team finished bottom of the league in their first season, but followed that in the 1999-2000 season by winning the playoffs, beating the Newcastle Jesters 7–3 in the final.

Continental Cup
The Knights became the first British team to reach the finals of the Continental Cup in January 2001, where they narrowly missed taking the title at their first attempt. Their run included a surprise 4-1 win over Anschutz stablemates the Munich Barons, and only a 1-0 loss to eventual champions Zurich Lions denied them further glory. Their silver medal was considered a major success for a British side.

Bensons and Hedges Cup
The Knights performed well in the Bensons and Hedges Cup, making two semifinals and one final in three seasons.

Challenge Cup
The Knights also took part in the Challenge Cup, making three semifinals in five seasons.

All-time roster
The majority of Knights players were Canadian-born; only a handful were British natives. Rich Bronilla is the most-capped Knights player with 125 appearances, and fellow Canadian Ian McIntyre was London's top scorer, with 25 goals. The following is a list of players who played for the Knights.

title: London Knights (UK)


text:
Talk:Starfish Prime

Yield
Official source (1965 report cited in footnote 6) clearly states that the yield of the W-49 device was 1.15 megatons, not 1.4 as stated elsewhere on main page. 71.224.44.133 (talk) 13:59, 30 August 2012 (UTC)

no info on deaths caused by fallout
no info on deaths caused by fallout - why — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.130.142.29 (talk) 06:12, 11 February 2024 (UTC)

Reentry Vehicle Used
For some reason, Nuclear Weapon Archive, the apparent source for the first few paragraphs of the Starfish Prime test page, erroneously states that a Mk 4 reentry vehicle was used in the tests, but photos of the actual vehicle on the launch pad show a standard-looking GE Mk 2 blunt heat-sink shape, rather than the very different, golf-tee shaped Mk 4 (which was an Atlas ICBM warhead not used on Thor).

Vela spike (talk) 13:29, 30 August 2012 (UTC)

Cancer
nothing in this item about cancer caused by fallout!!!

i work in aerospace and never heard of this program- was it classified — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.130.142.29 (talk) 06:04, 11 February 2024 (UTC)

Sources?
Is there a source for this information? I'd like to learn more about high-altitude nuclear tests. Gary 19:49, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Could this be why there is a hole('dimple') in the ozone layer? S0703

 * I seriously doubt it (but I'm not a nuclear scientist). The ozone layer is spontaneously produced from free Oxygen in the upper atmosphere.  The ozone depleting chemicals break down the ozone, theoretically faster than it can be renewed.  These chemicals include nitric oxide (NO), hydroxyl (OH), and atomic chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br).  Some of thse are produced in a nuclear detonation in small quantities, but not to the same level as was pumped into the air from aerosol sources.  Atmospheric science is a tricky thing, and there's not so much a "hole" in the atmosophere the same way there'd be a crater for decades after a test.  BLP 16:01, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

Civilian Damage
This article could benefit from a blurb regarding whether the owners of damaged electronics were compensated or not as a result of this test. Long distance microwave antennae aren't cheap.

 * I too would like to see some cited sources about EM radiation damage. Is there a site that would keep track of such expenses?-Blake Dayton 01:21, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

 * The article mentioned televisions and radio sets "malfunctioning" but is vauge as to the extent or severity of such malfunctions and whether they were permanent. 213.40.112.230 (talk) 20:52, 26 September 2008 (UTC)

This article claims that the test knocked out the Telstar communication satellite. However, the linked article on Telstar states that the satellite was not even launched until the following day and was operational until February 1963. The apparent inconsistency needs to be addressed. User:conchubair 13:27, 12 July 2010 (UTC)

 * The failures occurred over a period of months. I've tried to clarify the passage in question. Mangoe (talk) 15:04, 12 July 2010 (UTC)

"Needs sources"?
What is meant by this? There are at least six sources linked. —Joseph/N328KF (Talk) 19:40, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I guess the paragraph about the problems with Bluegill test could use a source about that. The paragraph about the effects of the EMP on infrastructure in Hawaii could probably use a source, as could the narrative about Trainor, which I didn't find in the main article on Trainor (which incidentally reads like a {{resume}}).
 * I was also hoping that it could be made clearer what the sources are supporting, maybe with footnotes and proper formatting (with info in case one of the links eventually goes dead).
 * Also, the article only has one section and it is quite long. Plus, I don't think I've seen a quote that long before in an article that wasn't quickly removed.
 * Maybe {{wikify}} wasn't the best template to use, but I think it is more encompassing than some others. Ufwuct 20:02, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
 * If I read correctly, the long quote is declassified US government material. If it's US government produced, then it's usually considered public domain. It's possible that it would even be ok to use the text inline, and make modifications to it, but someone would have to check up on that. -Kieran 22:11, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

Section/Cleanup tags
It seems the above discussion resulted in a {{section}} tag. I've now sectioned the article, moving a bit of text around to where it seemed to fit best. I've left a cleanup tag, however. Firstly, the section about other Thor rocket tests probably belongs in the Operation_Dominic article, rather than this one. Secondly, although there are references, there are still quite a few unreferenced claims, and it would be better for the references to be listed in full at the bottom of the article. (This would also allow dubious references to be identified.) -Kieran 22:09, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

Outer space
In what sense was this test in "outer space"? It is a woolly term. Just "space" would be better. Or how about describing it as outside the Earth's atmosphere? This would be true for most definitions of the atmosphere. 192.102.214.6 (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 13:20, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

the article looks correct in this regard. It indicates the height at which the test takes place and it wasn't outside the earth's atmosphere, technically speaking, as the atmosphere doesn't really have a boundary. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.18.48.213 (talk) 07:56, 5 January 2009 (UTC)
 * of course the atmosphere has a boundary - that's just silly — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.111.44.139 (talk) 09:57, 9 July 2019 (UTC)

Contemporary Soviet mention of test
There's a bit mentioned about the effect of the Starfish Prime test in an interview with Soviet space agency folks in a journal from 1962, where there was a Q&A session with the Vostok 3 and Vostok 4 cosmonauts; it's kind of interesting and might make a good for ref the article. I'll just paste in the cite template I've got:

−jhf (talk) 08:48, 17 March 2009 (UTC)

NPR error
I've just removed the "although NPR makes a significant error in stating the yield of Starfish Prime", for three reasons. First, it's not NPR that makes the error, but rather Flemming, their interviewee. Secondly, it's not in the linked article, but only in the indirect audio. And thirdly, I'm bothered about the "although", which seems out of place. Maybe adding a footnote simply pointing out the inconsistency? --Stephan Schulz (talk) 11:11, 9 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure what is the best way to handle this. This NPR story is very good, except for making this very large error in comparing the size of the Hiroshima and Starfish Prime weapons. If the error stopped with the NPR story, it wouldn't matter.  I just don't want Wikipedia to be responsible for further spreading false information that may continue to propagate. X5dna (talk) 20:36, 9 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I emailed NPR about this. They have a CONTACT page on npr.org for submitting error corrections, so perhaps they will make a correction on their web page.  That would be the best solution.  I hate to be picky about these facts, but the claimed location for Starfish Prime literally wandered all across the Pacific for decades.  It even moved around in its claimed location in this Wikipedia article (in spite of declassified official documents showing its exact location).   I don't want to see its claimed size move over a great range for the next several years because of a link from Wikipedia. This is supposed to be an encyclopedia. X5dna (talk) 02:29, 10 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Agree that NPR issuing a correction would be the best thing. They do get the size right, I think - 1.4 megatons vs the 13 kiloton of Hiroshima. It's just that someone cannot divide properly (could have been me ;-). --Stephan Schulz (talk) 05:55, 10 July 2010 (UTC)
 * NPR did post a correction on their web site about the Starfish Prime bomb size this week. Thanks to NPR for their integrity in getting it right in the end. X5dna (talk) 04:59, 16 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Very cool! --Stephan Schulz (talk) 07:55, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

First paragraph...
Someone has this as being part of "operation monkeycock" and monkeydong... can we change this please? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Anondy (talk • contribs) 08:09, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

Altitude claims
The article currently states, 'The Thor missile carrying the Starfish Prime warhead reached a maximum height of about 1100 km (just over 680 miles), and the warhead detonated on its downward trajectory when it had fallen to the programmed altitude of 400 kilometres (250 mi).' This is sourced to Operation Dominic, Fish Bowl Series: Debris Expansion Experiment. As I read that source, no such claim is made. According to the source, there were five instrumentation rockets which were launched in the minutes before the Thor missile launch. It was these which reached 1100 km, not the Thor. No claim is made about the maximum altitude of the Thor missile. If there is no further comment I will remove this claim from the article. - Crosbie 20:15, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * You are correct that the Thor apogee is not given in the reference listed at the end of the paragraph. That information is in a different report.  There should have been a different reference added after the relevant sentence.  Feel free to remove the information about the Thor maximum altitude. I will add it back in when I have time to find the correct reference and add it to the end of the sentence so that there will be proper inline references to the material. X5dna (talk) 03:35, 7 January 2015 (UTC)
 * I've removed it for now. Thank-you for your reply. - Crosbie 19:08, 7 January 2015 (UTC)

Name
That is one seriously cool name BloodSpaghetti (talk) 15:57, 27 January 2016 (UTC)

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Van Allen Radiation Belts
Wasn't the operation originally planned as something to do with the Van Allen radiation belt?Foofbun (talk) 02:35, 28 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Starfish Prime


title: File:Sideview225-40R18.jpg


text:
User:Allmarvel

Creating Joey Jordison Masks

Joey wears a white kabuki mask. They are common in Japan but you should have no trouble finding one at a Halloween shop for $4 or less. Before you do anything, be sure to have a good picture or several pictures of the expression you’d like the mask to have (keep in mind that he has at least three masks). Now be sure to draw out the features with pencil first. Once you’re satisfied, carefully go over the pencil lines and color in the details with sharpie with the according color. Simple!

Creating Shawn "Clown" Crahan's Subliminal Mask

Purchase any clown mask. Cut out all the hair. You may also need to cut out hole for your lips if needed. Next, grab a lighter and slightly melt the nose to give it a beat up look. Second, adjust the mask to fit your head if needed. Third, fill in around the eyes and the mouth with black and red spray paint. Also, you may spray paint the head red. When dry, wrap the mask with bandages or something similar. Now, add blood around the eyes, the mouth, and anywhere where you would like preferably using a red sharpie. There you go!

title: User:Allmarvel


text:
Juan de Vega, 1st Count of Grajal

Juan de Vega y Enríquez, 1st Count of Grajal, 6th Lord of Grajal, Viceroy of Navarre (1542), Viceroy and Captain General of Sicily (1547–1557), presidente del Consejo de Castilla, was an ambassador of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. He first served as ambassador of Charles V at Rome, where he met Ignatius of Loyola. Esteeming him and Ignatius' religious order, the Jesuits, when Vega was appointed Viceroy of Sicily he brought Jesuits with him. A Jesuit college was opened at Messina; success was marked, and its rules and methods were afterwards copied in other colleges.

After the Order of Saint John refused to take control of Mehdia in Tunisia, Charles V ordered de Vega to capture the city to deter the Muslim piracy.

The enterprise known as the Capture of Mahdia (1550) was successful, spearheaded on the sea by a Spanish naval expedition under the command of the Genoese condottiero and admiral Andrea Doria and the Spaniard Bernardino de Mendoza. After two years, the army of De Vega burnt Mehdia, but retaliated against the Order for not accepting the city, and prohibited exportation of wheat to the island of Malta, which was ruled by the Order. To prevent the population from starving, mills were built on Malta.

Death
De Vega died on 20 December 1558 in Sicily. Astronomer Francesco Maurolico tutored two of Vega's sons, and Vega served as Maurolico's principal patron.

title: Juan de Vega, 1st Count of Grajal


text: Template:US ties

title: Template:US ties


text:
Pat Kelly (outfielder)

Harold Patrick Kelly (July 30, 1944 – October 2, 2005) was an American professional baseball player who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as an outfielder from 1967 to 1981 with the Minnesota Twins, Kansas City Royals, Chicago White Sox, Baltimore Orioles and the Cleveland Indians. He batted and threw left-handed. His brother, Leroy, was a Pro Football Hall of Fame running back.

Born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Kelly was an "All Public" baseball player at Simon Gratz High School, honored with the Cliveden Award as Philadelphia's finest prep school athlete in 1962. Signed by the Twins that year, he spent the next several seasons in the minor leagues, debuting with the Twins in 1967. He played a handful of games for them in 1968, then was selected in the 1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft by the Royals, becoming an everyday player over the next two years with the fledgling franchise. Traded to the White Sox before the 1971 season, he spent part of 1971 in the minor leagues but got more playing time as a right fielder and designated hitter in the following years, reaching the All-Star Game for the only time in his career in 1973. Traded to the Orioles after the 1976 season, he received significant playing time in left field in 1977 and 1978, then served as a bench player the next two years. With a career-high .536 slugging percentage in 1979, Kelly helped the Orioles reach the MLB playoffs, appearing in the World Series, which Baltimore lost to the Pittsburgh Pirates in seven games. After one last season with the Indians in 1981, Kelly retired.

After becoming a born-again Christian in 1975, Kelly became very involved in Christian ministry. Under his influence, several of his Oriole teammates became Christians. Following his career, he became an ordained minister, serving at ministries in Baltimore and Cleveland until his death of a heart attack in 2005.

Early life
Harold Patrick Kelly was born on July 30, 1944, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to parents Orvin and Argie Kelly. His parents had originally lived in South Carolina, but they had moved to the Nicetown neighborhood of northern Philadelphia in the 1920s, when Orvin was hired by a steel company. Pat was one of nine children, though he never met two of his siblings who died in 1940 because of rheumatic fever. He recalled, "My father worked for $12 a week to serve nine kids and put food on the table. He would wake up at four in the morning and it would be freezing cold outside. He would go in a pickup truck with no heat some 30 miles and work all day, but he went with God in his heart."

A faithful Baptist family, the Kellys attended Sunday school each week. They were also an athletic family; Leroy, Pat's older brother by two years and the closest in age to him, succeeded Jim Brown as the Cleveland Browns primary running back and was eventually inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Pat and Leroy competed all the time, which Pat credited for helping instill in him a competitive nature. He went to baseball games at Connie Mack Stadium growing up, and his favorite ballplayer was Jackie Robinson.

Kelly attended Simon Gratz High School, graduating in 1962. He was part of the "All Public" teams in both baseball and football. As a senior, he was honored with the Cliveden Award, presented to the finest Philadelphia prep school athlete. Though he would be an outfielder in the major leagues, Kelly was used as a pitcher in high school. After allowing home runs, he would often display a bad attitude, but the reprimands of coach Pete Lorenc eventually helped him overcome the habit. "When you played for him, the first thing you learned was discipline," Kelly said, observing its importance both in hitting and keeping a good attitude.

Minor leagues (1963–66)
On September 11, 1962, Kelly signed his first professional baseball contract with the Minnesota Twins, who decided to use him as an outfielder. He split the 1963 season with the Erie Sailors of the Class A New York-Penn League and the Orlando Twins of the Class A Florida State League. Having grown up in Philadelphia, Kelly, who was black, was unused to dealing with segregation. At Orlando, though, he and his black teammates had to stay at a different hotel from the white players on the team. "I know those times were hard, but what always kept me going was what Jackie Robinson went through," he later recalled. In 69 games with Erie, he batted .283 with 50 runs scored, 70 hits, four home runs, and 30 runs batted in (RBI). With Orlando in 49 games, he batted .242 with 27 runs scored, 28 hits, no home runs, and 26 RBI.

Kelly spent most of 1964 with the Wisconsin Rapids Twins of the Class A Midwest League. In 104 games, he ranked among the league leaders with a .357 batting average (third, behind Dave May's .368 and Ed Moxey's .362), 138 hits (third, behind May's 166 and John Matias's 151), 26 doubles (tied with May, Eusebio Rosas, and David Burge for the league lead), 16 home runs (third, behind Rene Lachemann's 24 and Chuck Gross's 18), and 70 RBI (eighth). He also played 18 games with the Wilson Tobs of the Class A Carolina League, batting .245 with eight runs scored, 12 hits, no home runs, and eight RBI.

In 1965, Kelly spent the whole season with Wilson. He played 144 games, batting .283 with 138 hits, four home runs, and 52 RBI. Kelly ranked fifth in the league with 27 stolen bases (in 32 attempts), and his 101 runs scored were topped only by Sam Thompson's 121.

Kelly expected a promotion to the Class AA Charlotte Hornets of the Southern League in 1966; thus, he was very disappointed when he found out the Twins planned to send him back to Wilson. "When I found out I didn’t make the Charlotte team, I packed up my Pontiac LeMans and told them I was leaving camp if they did not put me on the Charlotte roster by noon,” Kelly recalled. “And they agreed." The ballplayer went on to have the second-highest batting average (.321) in the league that year, behind only Johnnie Fenderson's .324. He also finished second to Thompson in steals, with 52 as opposed to Thompson's 60. In 113 games, Kelly scored 74 runs, recorded 126 hits, had three home runs, and batted in 55 runs.

Minnesota Twins (1967–68)
In 1967, Kelly moved up to Class AAA, spending most of the year with the Denver Bears of the Pacific Coast League (PCL). He played 65 games for them, batting .286 with 42 runs scored, 70 hits, no home runs, 15 RBI, and 19 stolen bases. That September, he reached the major leagues for the first time, promoted by the Twins when rosters expanded. His first game came on September 6, when he pinch-ran for Frank Kostro in a 3–2 loss to the Cleveland Indians. Seven of the eight games he played were as a pinch runner; he pinch hit in one other game, striking out against Bob Humphreys in his only at bat of the season. After the 1967 season, he played some games for the Twins affiliate in the Florida Instructional League as well.

Kelly spent most of the 1968 season in Denver. In 108 games, he had 70 runs scored, 121 hits, three home runs, and 31 RBI. Kelly finished third in the league with a .306 batting average (topped only by Jim Hicks's .366 and José Herrera's .311), and he led the league with 38 stolen bases. That September, he was again called up by Minnesota. Though he only appeared in 12 games this year, he received more playing time, as he started in the outfield for nine of them. On September 23, he hit his first major league home run, coming against Clyde Wright in a 3–0 victory over the California Angels. With the Twins in 1968, he had four hits in 35 at bats. After the season, he went to Venezuela to play winter baseball. Originally, he was going to play for the Leones del Caracas with Twins teammate César Tovar, but because the Leones already had enough outfielders, he played for the Navegantes del Magallanes instead. In 60 games, he batted .342 with 11 home runs and 45 RBI. He and Cito Gaston were some of the first foreign stars for the team as they helped the Navegantes to reach the first round of the playoffs.

Kansas City Royals (1969–70)
While Kelly was in Venezuela, the Kansas City Royals selected him in the fourth round of the 1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft. His playing time increased in 1969, as he started 106 games in the outfield: 60 as a right fielder, 44 as a center fielder, and two as a left fielder. "He’s tremendously improved with the bat," opined manager Joe Gordon. "He’s changed his whole style of attacking the ball. . .he has a quick bat, a good level swing and has no fear at the plate. He’ll hit all kinds of pitching." In 112 games (417 at bats), Kelly batted .264 with 61 runs scored, 110 hits, eight home runs, and 32 RBI. He stole a career-high 40 bases in 53 attempts. After the year, the Royals sent him to their instructional league affiliate to refine his hitting, bunting, and fielding technique.

Kelly began 1970 as the Royals starting right fielder. He seemed to be losing the position to Joe Keough in June, as Keough started 12 straight games there beginning June 16 while Kelly was used mainly as a pinch hitter during that stretch. After Keough broke his leg on June 28, Kelly served as the starting right fielder again for the rest of the year. On September 11, against the Oakland Athletics, his single with two outs in the eighth inning spoiled a no hitter by Vida Blue, who went on to complete one 10 days later. In 136 games (452 at bats), Kelly batted .235 with 56 runs scored, 106 hits, six home runs, and 38 RBI. He stole 34 bases in 50 attempts.

Chicago White Sox (1971–76)
Kelly was traded along with Don O'Riley from the Royals to the Chicago White Sox for Matias and Gail Hopkins on October 13, 1970. Before he played a game for the White Sox, Kelly spent the 1970–71 offseason in Venezuela with the Tiburones de La Guaira. He batted .365 with six home runs in 27 games, then batted .405 in the postseason as the Tiburones won the league championship. Kelly was less successful in spring training with the White Sox, as he ran into a fence and hurt his right knee, struggled to hit, and was sent to the minor leagues to begin the season. "I was a little upset. . . no, I guess I was a great deal upset," Kelly recalled three years later. "But I talked to my brother and finally got myself together again." In 75 games (301 at bats) with the PCL's Tucson Toros, Kelly batted .355 with 71 runs scored, 107 hits, six home runs, 43 RBI, and 15 stolen bases in 19 tries. Called up by the White Sox in June, Kelly never played a game in the minor leagues again. He had established himself in the major leagues, though for the rest of his career, he was mainly used against right-handed pitching. In 67 games (213 at bats) for the White Sox, he batted .291 with 32 runs scored, 62 hits, three home runs, 22 RBI, and 14 stolen bases in 23 attempts. After the season, he played for the Tiburones again, hitting no home runs but batting .400 as La Guira reached the final round of the playoffs.

Kelly shared right field duties with Walt Williams in 1972 but got the bulk of the starts. In the second game of a doubleheader against the Texas Rangers on August 6, Kelly walked to lead off the game, stole second base, advanced to third on a groundout, and stole home for the only run of the game. Exactly 14 days later, he played a big part in the first game of a doubleheader, with the White Sox trailing the Boston Red Sox 7–6 in the ninth and two outs. Kelly hit a three-run walkoff home run against Marty Pattin to give Chicago a 9–7 victory. "It's a good thing my boy didn't leave Kelly out of the lineup," manager Chuck Tanner quipped with reporters afterwards. Adept at base-stealing, Kelly's "small ball" contributions helped the White Sox finished second place in the American League (AL) West Division, behind Oakland. In 119 games (402 at bats), Kelly batted .261 with 57 runs scored, 105 hits, five home runs, 24 RBI, and 32 stolen bases in 41 attempts. After the season, Kelly played in the Venezuelan leagues for the last time, batting .296 with two home runs in 35 games as the Tiburones reached the playoffs.

The 1973 season was one of Kelly's best. Hitting from the start, he led the major leagues with a .441 batting average at the end of May. A hurt shoulder made throwing more difficult for the outfielder, but it did not keep him from hitting. "I’ve become much more selective about pitches in my swing zone,” Kelly explained, “and I’m seeing the ball good. When you’re hitting, it’s as big as a balloon." On the strength of his hot start, Kelly was selected to the AL All-Star team for the only time in his career, chosen by manager Dick Williams. Playing in a career-high 144 games (550 at bats), he hit .280 with 77 runs scored, 154 hits, 24 doubles, one home run, 44 RBI, and 22 stolen bases in 37 attempts.

Kelly was used a majority of the time as the designated hitter for the White Sox in 1974, as Bill Sharp got more of the starts in right field. On June 24, Kelly's sixth-inning single against Steve Busby was the first hit off the pitcher in 17 innings, spoiling Busby's attempt at throwing a second straight no hitter. He topped his batting average from the previous year by one point, accruing 60 runs scored, 119 hits, four home runs, and 21 RBI in 122 games (424 at bats). Kelly stole 18 bases in 29 attempts.

In 1975, Kelly resumed his duties as Chicago's primary right fielder. With the White Sox trailing Oakland 3–2 in the first game of the season on April 8, and the tying run on second base, Kelly had a pinch-hit single against Rollie Fingers. However, Lee Richard was thrown out trying to score, and the White Sox lost 3–2. The next day, Kelly pinch-hit against Fingers again in the ninth, with the bases loaded and the White Sox down by a run. This time, his pinch-hit triple put the White Sox ahead for a 7–5 victory. In 133 games (471 at bats), he batted .274 with 73 runs scored, 129 hits, nine home runs, 45 RBI, and 18 stolen bases in 28 chances.

Kelly returned to the designated hitter role in 1976, as the newly acquired Ralph Garr became the starting right fielder. In 107 games (311 at bats), Kelly batted .254 with 42 runs scored, 79 hits, five home runs, 34 RBI, and 15 stolen bases in 22 tries.

Baltimore Orioles (1977–80)
Kelly was acquired by the Baltimore Orioles from the White Sox for Dave Duncan on November 18, 1976. The transaction was based on a perceived surplus of left-handed hitters and the lack of quality catchers, the latter of which was not solved as Duncan was released the following March without ever having played a game for the White Sox. "A most glaring mistake" is how owner Bill Veeck described the transaction.

With the Orioles, Kelly was used mostly as a left fielder, sharing time there with Andrés Mora in 1977 and 1978. After a 1-for-18 start to the 1977 season, Kelly had a 19-game hitting streak from May 1 through 23. Baltimore manager Earl Weaver said of his performance, "Kelly is hot now. I don't know if he'll stay that way all year. It's kind of doubtful he will, because he has never hit this much before, but no matter what he hits, he's an asset to this club. He was even when he was one-for-18."

On June 3, Kelly was part of what sportswriter Fred Rothenberg called "one of the strangest triple plays in baseball history." With the bases loaded for the Royals in the ninth inning, and Kansas City down 7–5, John Wathan hit a fly ball to right field that Kelly caught for the first out. All the runners tagged to advance a base, but Kelly threw to shortstop Mark Belanger, who caught Freddie Patek in a rundown between first and second base and ultimately tagged him out. While this was going on, Dave Nelson, who had successfully advanced to third base, decided to try to score. Upon tagging out Patek, Belanger ran towards the third base line and caught up with Nelson 10 feet from home plate, tagging him out to complete the triple play and end the game.

In 120 games (360 at bats) for the Orioles in 1977, Kelly batted .256 with 50 runs scored, 92 hits, 10 home runs, 49 RBI, and 25 stolen bases in 32 attempts. He played 100 games for the Orioles in 1978, batting .274 in 274 at bats, with 38 runs scored, 75 hits, a career-high 11 home runs, 40 RBI, and 10 stolen bases in 18 attempts.

Mora returned to Mexico for the 1979 season, and Gary Roenicke became the primary left fielder for the Orioles, limiting Kelly to a bench role. However, 1979 was one of his best seasons, as he posted a career-high .536 slugging percentage and delivered with several important hits during the season. In the 10th inning of a game against the Red Sox on May 23, Kelly had a pinch-hit, walkoff home run against Bob Stanley to give Baltimore a 5–2 victory. Reporters had observed in the past that the Christian Kelly often seemed to have big hits on Sundays, yet this was a Wednesday game. "Wednesday was the first day we had a meeting for Bible study, so though it was not Sunday, it was the same," Kelly pointed out. Exactly three months later, he pinch-hit for Rich Dauer in the eighth inning of a game where Baltimore trailed Oakland 4–3. Facing Dave Heaverlo with the bases loaded, Kelly hit a grand slam, earning curtain calls twice from the ecstatic fans at Memorial Stadium as Baltimore won 7–4. In 68 games (153 at bats), Kelly batted .288 with 25 runs scored, 44 hits, nine home runs, 25 RBI, and four stolen bases in nine attempts as the Orioles won the AL East title.

In the playoffs for the first time, Kelly started three out of the four games in the AL Championship Series against the Angels, batting .364. He hit a three-run home run against John Montague in Game 4, putting the Orioles up 8–0 in a win that sent them to the World Series against the Pittsburgh Pirates. Kelly also played five games in this series but was used only as a pinch-hitter, racking up a hit and a walk in five plate appearances. Batting for Rick Dempsey in the ninth inning of Game 7, Kelly made the last out of the series, flying out to Pirates center fielder Omar Moreno as Baltimore was defeated in seven games.

Kelly had a similar amount of playing time in 1980. Used mostly against right-handed pitchers, he faced right-handed pitchers only five times all year. Against the Detroit Tigers on September 10, he had a pinch-hit grand slam against Dave Rozema, adding another RBI as well in an 8–4 victory. Rozema was the pitcher whom Kelly had the most success against during his career; he had six hits in eight at bats against the Tiger, including four home runs. In 89 games (200 at bats), he batted .260 with 38 runs scored, 52 hits, three home runs, and 26 RBI. He stole 16 bases while only getting caught twice. After the season, he became a free agent.

Cleveland Indians (1981)
Kelly finished his major league career with the Indians during the strike-shortened 1981 season. He hit .213 (16-for-75) in 48 games, with one home run, 16 RBI, and two stolen bases in six attempts. Following the season, he retired from baseball.

Career overview
In a 15-season career, Kelly was a .264 hitter with 76 home runs and 418 RBI in 1,385 games played. He added 1,147 hits, 189 doubles, 35 triples, and 250 stolen bases. A speedy runner, he served most commonly as a leadoff hitter when he was in the starting lineup. According to a common anecdote, Kelly once asked manager Weaver, "Why don't you walk with the Lord?" Weaver responded, "I'd rather you walk with the bases loaded." Kelly actually did walk a great deal during his career, accruing a total of 588 bases on balls.

When Kelly joined the White Sox in 1971, manager Tanner described his arm as "adequate," noting that he was not a "polished outfielder." Later in Kelly's career, Weaver would tell him to stand three feet from the foul line and not move. "If the ball is hit to you, all I want you to do is throw it to second base," Weaver said. When Kelly asked him what to do if it was the ninth inning, the team was up by a run, and someone was trying to score from second, Weaver said, "Don't worry about that. If we're up a run in the ninth inning, you aren't out there anyway."

Personal life
Kelly's friend Andre Thornton introduced the player to his sister-in-law Phyllis Jones, part of The Jones Sisters Trio, who married Kelly on February 10, 1979. Oriole teammate Lee May was one of the ushers at the wedding. Pat and Phyllis had one child, daughter April Marie. During his career, Kelly took college classes at Morgan State University, earning his degree sometime during the 1970s. Fishing and basketball were hobbies of his.

Religion
Though raised in a Baptist household, Kelly moved on to a lifestyle of "liquor, drugs, [and] women" after his major league career began. He and White Sox teammate Paul Casanova opened the La Pelota nightclub in Caracas, Venezuela, during the 1971–72 offseason. By 1975, he was suffering from depression.

That year, personal friend Clyde White invited him to a Bible class, where Kelly became a born-again Christian. "I thought I was happy before, but actually, I didn't know what true happiness meant," he said in an interview two years later. He was not shy about sharing his faith with his teammates. With the Orioles, he organized a chapel service in the lifting weight room at Memorial Stadium. Scott McGregor, Tippy Martinez, Doug DeCinces, Kiko Garcia, and Ken Singleton became Christians as a result of Kelly's influence. According to Kelly, after he left the Orioles, Weaver sent him a letter expressing his admiration for Kelly's religious devotion.

"Some of the fellows call me 'Reverend'," Kelly said in a 1977 interview. "Other people say I missed my calling." Once his career was over, Kelly did indeed become an ordained minister at the Evangelical Baptist Church in Baltimore. He was a minister for Lifeline Ministries as well. Kelly's service was not just confined to Maryland; he assisted in charity work as the executive director of the Cleveland-based Christian Family Outreach. He travelled back and forth between Cleveland and his home of Timonium, Maryland, also journeying to international destinations to share his faith. "I go and I proclaim the Gospel. I see people saved," Kelly described his ministry.

Death
After preaching in a Methodist church at Amberson, Pennsylvania, on October 2, 2005, Kelly was journeying to visit some friends. He suffered a heart attack in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, and died at age 61. The ballplayer was buried at Dulaney Valley Memorial Gardens in Timonium. Following his death, Joe Ehrmann, ex-linebacker for the Baltimore Colts and pastor of Grace Fellowship Church in Baltimore, had this to say about Kelly. "Pat was such an asset to the community. He was the embodiment of his religious beliefs. . . He transcended race, class, sports, and was just a fabulous lover of people, a good husband, and father. He was a charismatic preacher whose message came from his own life, and he wanted people to know that he walked with God."

title: Pat Kelly (outfielder)


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