text:
Talk:Cuba/Archive 1

This is the first Archive page for the Talk:Cuba page. The initial criteria used was that a topic must not have been discussed in the past three months to be moved here.

(Atheiest State)
Cuba is no longer an athiest state, Castro changed the wording to secular around the time of the Pope's visit. During the Pope's visit he also made December 25th a legal holiday, which it hadn't been for you know, 30 some odd years. Castro, though he rejected his Catholic upbringing, strongly encourages the trend of the now-defunct liberation theology, because he sees that it could be a strong ally of the state (see Fidel and Religion by Frei Betto, basically a transcript of his talks with Castro). If I have time later I'll fix this, but right now I don't want to risk adding my own opinions in because I'm rushing it. Anyone else wanna do it first? Liz ebcarter@gmail.com

(Various edits discussed)
I have removed "the most significant act of political repression in Latin America in a decade". This is not a fact, please look at Amnesty International reports on Americas for the last decade. Here is the link to the 2003 Summary http://web.amnesty.org/report2004/2am-index-eng.

October 11, 2004 (from johncsmith@btinternet.com)

I've replaced the 3rd, 4th and 5th paragraphs, I've placed the old ones below. Whoever wrote this reactionary, lying piece didn't bother to leave a note to explain to others why s/he did this.

"For several decades, Cuba received a large Soviet subsidy, whereby Cuba provided the Soviet Union with sugar and the Soviets provided Cuba with oil. Part of this oil was consumed by Cuba, the remainder was sold in the world market for a profit of several billion dollars. In return for this subsidy from the Soviet Union, Cuba supported communist insurgencies throughout Central America (Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, Chile) and Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia).   In Angola alone, Cuba had over 50,000 tropps.  The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 dealt Cuba a giant economic blow and when the Soviets stopped their $6 billion per year subsidy, the Cuban communist government called for "a special period." Despite being denied access to development aid from the IMF and World Bank (Cuba is in arrears to its Paris Club debtors to the tune of hundreds of millions of dollars), Cuba's economy has not collapsed, although its per-capita income is still lower than it was in 1959. Cuba's economy today is roughly split into three parts: Agriculture and mining (tobacco, sugar, nickel, citrus), Tourism and remittances from Cuban-Americans in the United States.

"In 1994 the Clinton Administration enacted the Helms-Burton law. This law was enacted after the Cuban government shot down two private U.S. planes in International Waters.  The Helms Burton law, states, among other things that any foreign company that acquires property in Cuba that used to belong to a U.S. company will be subject to litigation.

"Currently, every country in the world is free to trade with Cuba. The country's major trading partners include Spain, France, Italy, Great Britain and Japan.  The economic embargo only applies to U.S. tourism.  U.S. agriculture companies are free to trade with Cuba provided that Cuba pays in hard currency.  All medical and humanitarian supplies are freely allowed to flow into Cuba.  American tourists who wish to visit Cuba mainly travel through Mexico or Canada.  Cuba's tourism industry has been severely damaged since September 11th.  As a "rogue state" that has consistently harbored terrorists (IRA, Colombian terrorists, African revolutionaries) many visitors have been fearful to visit the island.  Moreover, the Castro government recently arrested and imprisoned 75 independent journalists, artists and writers.  In 2002, the government killed a group of individuals attempting to escape the island."

Reasonable people disagree over whether a policy of paying production-based prices for sugar is a form of subsidy. No doubt both the EU and the US agressively subsidize agriculture, ESPECIALLY sugar; but the Comecon arrangement accomplishes the same thing. Regardless, this debate has no place in this article and so I have removed the following sentence: "This fair exchange is often erroneously described as a 'subsidy'."

--

Sunday 12 September 2004: I've rewritten parts of the Cuba article, to remove inaccuracies and hostile bias - from johncsmith@btinternet.com

--

Efghij, why did you remove the links to List of Cubans and List of places in Cuba? Wondering simply, Infrogmation 23:29 2 Jun 2003 (UTC)

Sorry, accidently deleted them while applying the template. Efghij

I moved Gregorio Fuentes from Writer (which he wasn't) to Other Figures. adiazpaz

question
I would like to know more about the lives of cubans. After so many years in socialism how is the economic distribution? was ever there a gini coefficient measured? Do all cubans with 26+ went to college? Can anyone give that answer (thats the kind of thiong you don´t google) --Zero00 14:46, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Why is the motto here different than in Spanish? 80.221.104.156 12:15, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

The real figures of how many (percentage) of Cuban young people visit college might be found in the statistics of UNESCO.

It must be said that state sponsored "massivity" has dramatically dropped the "quality" of collegs and highschools in Cuba. In "my times" (I did highschool in Havana 1981-1984) there was an abysmal difference between elite or vocational education for a few and "normal/plain" school standards for the masses. I was lucky enough to study in a vocational highschool nearby Havana (called "V. I. Lenin"). When I started university studies in 1984, many students comming from "mass" highschools did not pass the first semester, and the others had to catch up for all the knowledge they did not bring from highschool...

Situation has even worsened in the last decade, unfortunately even so in primary education. The economic emergency of the 90's led to a dramatic shortage of teachers (many left the school to become e.g. self-entepreneurs, or simply left the country). The "solution" by the regime was to train masses of teachers (highschool graduates, bringing already heavy gaps in their knowledge, were "formed" to teachers in crash courses with a duration of less than 1 year). You can imagine the quality of these teachers. Another "solution" has been the use of video teaching. For each topic, e.g. maths, and each grade, e.g. the 4th grade, videos have been produced by the Ministery of Education and distributed among the schools. Children are suposed to learn the stuff at watching the videos. This measure aims at reducing the negative impact of being teached by misserably formed young teachers. But if I remember right, Cuban boys and girls are quite vital. And classes contain normaly more than 30 of those animated children. Can you imagine they learn anything at all? I can't. Even though, Cuban propaganda machinery tells the video approach is the best thing in universe. You are free to believe it or not. For me, I am happy I visited school in a "better era" and had real teachers I still remember today with admiration and love.

A final sad note: the vocational highschool "V. I. Lenin" in which I studied in the early 80's does not exist anymore...

I am happy to inform you that yes it does exist, at this day december 2004, i know this for a fact because i jut graduated in cuba and there are many friends of mine studying in the IPVCE (Instituto Preuniversitario Vocacional de Ciencias Exactas )[Vocational Preuniversitary INstitute in Exact Sciences]. Also classrooms dont have more than 30 students anymore, that applies to Preuniversitary Schools i really cant assure that for "tech schools". I also can assure that right now every primary school in the country have 15 alumns per classroom, pretty impressive number, and also high schools its trying to implement this. I sadly cant say good things about the "video classes" they have great content but in a classroom its difficult to pay real attention to someone who isnt going to call your attention, or its going to tell you to "shut up", so i think that isnt working so well... but i am sure in sometime it will be revised this method. I wanted to put right all those points so the people that read this dont think what its not. --Gotten 03:24, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

execution of "dissidents" vs. "reactionaries" vs. "opponents of the revolution"
These terms are not identical and have slightly different implications. Since it's a very serious allegation, it's important to get the term right. I suggest we look at what kind of people were executed before we make further edits, preferably from sources that are not partisan. pir 12:11, 14 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I have no idea who was executed for what immediately after Castro came to power; I reverted on the assumption that the original author who used "dissidents" had a better idea than either the Old Bolshie who maintained that "dissidence" is by definition impossible (immediately) after a revolution, and that Pir's well-meaning attempt at reconciliation could be (I don't know if is is) technically wrong, as "dissident" does not necessarily equate to "opponent of the revolution". (And shouldn't it be capitalized "Revolution" here, as we're referring to a particular Revolution, in this case Castro's?) Again, my intent was simply to revert to a previous author who presumably had a better idea what he meant to write. I have no dog in this fight, and will accept whatever the consensus opinion agrees on, as I have no inclination to research the matter. -- orthogonal 12:23, 14 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * By the way, what does mean "Old Bolshie"? [[User:Drbug| Dr Bug]] 19:47, 15 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Old Bolshevik -- but I was being funny (or trying to) by using it in that sense as well as in a less precise American way that mostly just means (ideologically) (Soviet) Communist. No offense intended; I try to have a bit of fun, especially on Talk pages. But in seriousness, I think saying dissidence is inherently impossible, and that all opponents of a Revolution are, by definition "reactionaries", has a quaint and doctrine air about it. -- orthogonal 03:55, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah! Thanks for the explanation! I agree of course that not all opponents of a revolution are reactionaries. Reactionaries are those who wish/attempt to recover situation that was before the revolution. [[User:Drbug| Dr Bug]] 07:39, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * As far as I understand, dissident is one who opposes to the established regime. In the transitional time there couldn't be dissidence, but only competitive opinions on further development. [[User:Drbug| Dr Bug]] 15:15, 14 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Man, you are a Marxist! Thesis, then antithesis, and only then synthesis. Once Castro came to power, he was the power, and his opponents were dissidents. But in all seriousness, you sound like the very model of the "New Soviet Man", and I think that adds a useful diversity to Wikipedia. Glad to meet ya. -- orthogonal 16:24, 14 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Many thanks for your kind words and brilliant compliments. As for the "dissident" word, read Merriam Webster or dissident. I'm right, you are not, it's that simple :-). [[User:Drbug| Dr Bug]] 19:47, 15 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * It's a bit difficult to find neutral information via a quick google search. This site sells UK Foreign Office microfilms. One description states: "In the six months since the revolution began, the execution of over 500 Batista supporters led the world’s media to describe the state of the country as a ‘bloodbath’ and sparked worldwide concern over the real intentions of Castro’s pro-communist government". This communist pro-Castro website states "In the wake of the revolution, Raœl [Castro] began to punish Batista supporters. After he became head of the Armed Forces he directed the execution of nearly 100 officers and soldiers of the Batista Army and ordered them buried in a mass grave near Santiago de Cuba." A staunchly anti-Castro website reports the execution of 72 prisoners by firing squad but doesn't state why they had been imprisoned . This anti-Castro site might describe the same incident: "Raúl Castro directed a mass execution of over 70 captured soldiers by bulldozing a trench, standing the condemned men in front of it, and mowing them down with machine guns". Right-wing US site interview with apparently anti-Castroist: "...in January 1959, Raúl personally supervised the execution of over one hundred police and military officials and Batistiano soldiers."
 * While there are reports of purges of dissidents including revolutionaries that criticised Castro's regime, I couldn't find reports that these dissidents were executed. This superficial google search suggests that only Batista supports opposing the revolution were executed.pir 13:16, 14 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I still suppose that purges of dissidents started much later than "relations with the US rapidly deteriorated". Therefore I remove mention of dissidents from this sentence at all. I hope, there's no problems with this? [[User:Drbug| Dr Bug]] 15:15, 14 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Look, Castro (according to the facts pir has unearthed (bad pun unintended)) had his own salsa-flavored, Mariachi Band accompanied Katyn Forest, but without any convenient Nazis to blame it on. What do we call this, "removal of the remnants of hostile classes"? If we don't call the victims "dissidents", what do we call them? "Revanchists"? "Chernosotennyj"? "Bonapartists"? "Oboronchestvo"? "Trotsky-fascist hyenas"? Cuba's own "White-Guard"? "Bukharinites?"
 * We should conform the NPOV policy. Disputable allegations and implicating wording violate this policy. So they shouldn't be used, ok? [[User:Drbug| Dr Bug]] 19:47, 15 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Trade with US
"In late 2003, and early 2004, both tourism levels and nickel prices increased, as has the Cuban trade with the USA. One other factor in the "recovery" of the Cuban economy is the remittances of Cuban-Americans (which constitute one-third of the Cuban Economy). Cuba currently trades with almost every nation in the world except the US."

One sentence says Cuba trades with US the next one says it doesnt. Does it?

I would suggest people editting this page read NPOV and in particular "Lack of neutrality as an excuse to delete". If people think a certain paragraph is biased it should be corrected by counter arguments, correcting facts etc. Do not delete vast chunks Robneild 11:54, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Right on!! ;Bear 17:50, 2004 Nov 9 (UTC)

Missing history...
1492 Christopher Columbus lands on the island called Juana by the Amerindians, which later became Cuba. 1511 Administrator Diego de Vela´squez arrived in Cuba and established the first settlement in Baracoa, on the easternmost part of the island. The city of San Cristo´bal de la Habana is founded. 1517 The Spanish Crown authorizes the importation of black slaves. 1518 Against Vela´squez’s order, conquistador Herna´n Corte´s departs Havana to conquer Mexico. 1538 La Fuerza, a fortress that stands as the oldest inhabited building in the New World, is built. 1555 The pirate Jacques de Sores burns the city of Havana. 1728 The first university on the island is founded by the religious order of the Dominicans in Havana. 1762 The British land in Cuba and introduce new ideas and trade. 1810 German-born traveler and intellectual Baron Alexander Humboldt arrives in Cuba, and his visit brings to the island European ideas and Frenchmen fleeing the French Revolution.

Luis, William. Culture & Customs of Cuba. Westport, CT, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated, 2000. p xvii. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/gwu/Doc?id=10018030&ppg=17

Copyright © 2000. Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. All rights reserved. 1812 The Aponte conspiracy. The black Aponte was accused of conspiring to create a black republic in Cuba. 1844 The ladder conspiracy, in which blacks were accused of conspiring to overthrow the colonial government. Blacks were tied to a ladder, whipped, and coerced into confessing. 1847 The first ships with Chinese indentured servants arrive in Cuba. 1865 The last slave journey across the Atlantic. 1868 The Ten Years’ War, fought by those seeking independence from the Spanish colonial government, begins. 1878 The island is divided into six provinces. 1879 The Guerra Chiquita (the “little war”), another war between Spain and its colonies, begins and lasts until 1880. 1886 Slaves are emancipated. 1895 The Second War of Independence begins. Jose´ Mart•´, Cuba’s national hero, is killed fighting for his country’s independence from Spain. 1898 The U. S. battleship Maine explodes in Havana harbor, and the United States declares war on Spain. 1901 The Cuban Constitution is completed, and the Platt Amendment is included in it, giving the United States a legal right to intervene in the internal affairs of the newly created republic. 1902 The Republic of Cuba is born. General Toma´s Estrada Palma is Cuba’s first president. 1912 In the race war, La Guerrita del 12, thousands of blacks lose their lives. 1933 The dictatorship of General Gerardo Machado comes to an end. 1934 The Platt Amendment is abrogated from Cuba’s constitution. Women receive the right to vote.

Luis, William. Culture & Customs of Cuba. Westport, CT, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated, 2000. p xviii. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/gwu/Doc?id=10018030&ppg=18

Copyright © 2000. Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. All rights reserved.

Map
A controversy has erupted over the choice of map for this article. The two candidates are shown here, along with any others that other Wikipedians may choose to enter. Feel free to make any comments. The lower map may also appear in the corresponding Geography article for this country. Kelisi 02:52, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I prefer the lower map, --SqueakBox 02:58, Apr 2, 2005 (UTC)

Cuban biotech
I heard Cuba has world-leading biotech and microbiology research (vaccination, etc.) They sell anthrax antidote to USA, etc. Why there is no word on education and academic sector in the article?

(Query about U.S. knowledge of Castro)
Does the U.S. know any information about Fidel Castro at the Time Please respond!!!

Bay of Pigs
I added the April 1961, Bay of Pigs Invasion to liberate Cuba; by those Brave Cuban Patriots of the Brigade 2506 to this websites History of Cuba.

How dare us ever forget those men who fought and died to Liberate Cuba, from such a foolish old fossil!

Frank Lopez del Rincon slopes25@hotmail.com

title: Talk:Cuba/Archive 1


text:
Talk:Steven Bauer

"Cuban born American" implies he's an American born in Cuba. It doesn't really make sense since he's neither half american or born in the US. It's like saying Nicole Kidman is an Australian born American actress. Shouldn't she be just an Australian actress? It just seems somewhat confusing. :) Mailyn 20:09, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Nicole Kidman was born in Hawaii, therefore she is American by birth. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.224.51.62 (talk) 21:21, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

Well, isn't he American now? I mean, having married Melanie Griffith he must have naturally gotten citizenship. 24.36.160.142 07:24, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

He was also raised in the United States, has been a naturalized citizen for most of his life, and speaks English fluently with no accent. I would say that this qualifies him as Cuban-American. 69.235.160.237 03:32, 13 December 2006 (UTC)James Lopez

By definition a Cuban-American is an American born citizen with Cuban parents.--Primetimeking 22:08, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

His family moved to Miami in 1460, when he was 3 years old?!?!?!? Wow, he looks really good for his age. So that would mean he was 526 years of age when he played Manny in Scarface. USN1977 (talk) 17:10, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

Does it even matter? He is Jewish. So he is neither an American or a Cuban. You look like fools fighting over this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.38.145.35 (talk) 18:57, 11 September 2010 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Quepasausa.jpg
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Steven Bauer


text: User talk:69.222.107.170

title: User talk:69.222.107.170


text: User talk:204.83.156.45

title: User talk:204.83.156.45


text:
Alifuru people

Alfur, Alfurs, Alfuros, Alfures, Aliforoes, Alifuru or Horaforas (in Dutch, Alfoeren) people is a broad term recorded at the time of the Portuguese seaborne empire to refer all the non-Muslim, non-Christian peoples living in inaccessible areas of the interior in the eastern portion of Maritime Southeast Asia, mainly from the Arafura Sea area.

Etymology
Several origins for the term Alfur have been proposed, including from Spanish, Portuguese, and even Arabic. The most likely hypothesis however is that it originated from Tidorese halefuru, a compound composed of the stems hale "land" and furu "wild, savage". From Tidore it was adopted and used by Malay traders and the Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch adventurers and colonists who came to the Spice Islands.

The term referred to certain lands and their inhabitants that were considered "wild", "untamed" or "pagan", particularly in regions that fell under the influence of Tidore and neighboring Ternate. The term was thus especially used of peoples in the Maluku Islands (Halmahera, Seram, and Buru among others) and nearby areas of northern and central Sulawesi. Until the 1900s even Papuans were also often called "Alfur". In 1879 Van Musschenbroek, former Resident of Menado, described the use of the term in the following way:

 * "The general native criterion whether one still is [or is no longer] an Alfur lies in the laying aside of heathenism through the adoption of a monotheistic religion, be it Christianity or Islam. There are thus Alfurs among the most diverse races, both among the Melanesian inhabitants of New Guinea and the true Polynesians of Ceram, as well as among the (Micro?)-nesian Sangirese and the Malayo-Polynesian inhabitants of Celebes."

As with the so-called Indians of South America, the various peoples collectively referred to as Alfurs were not culturally homogeneous. The term Alfur is thus generally claimed to be of no ethnological value, and shortly after the turn of the 20th century it practically disappeared from Dutch administrative and academic writings. The word "Alfuren" continued to be used by German anthropologist Georg Friederici in his works. He used it in a more specific manner to refer to the aborigines or early inhabitants of Maluku, and by extension to those from the island of Sulawesi.

Present-day use
In present-day publications like guide books "Alfur" is included as a generic name for the indigenous people living in forest areas of the larger islands of the Maluku, like Halmahera and Seram.

Culture
Generally these people keep their traditional self-sufficient ways in matters of social organization, food and dress. The women often wear a characteristic funnel-shaped basket like a backpack.

Alfur people usually have little contact with the more urbanized society of coastal towns, which includes the transmigrasi settlers. Their chief of war was chief Ambon I The Alfur retained a custom of headhunting until the 1940s. Currently, they were under the leadership of chief Ambuk Abah Ampalang (Alfur name).

Alfurs participated on wars such as fights with other tribes to deter enemies from attacking them. They act like soldiers and armed with machetes, knives, spears, javelin, bows and arrows and muskets for higher ranking officials. their main armour is leather armor. In some cases, Alfurs seek help from the Wemale people because they are one alliance.

The Alifuru Council claims to represent them to the Indonesian Government.

title: Alifuru people


text:
Talk:Pierre Clostermann

Allegiance?
Clostermann had no allegiance toward united Kingdom the fact the his Free French air squadron was under the practical command of the RAF doesn't mean these people served as mercenaries. He enlisted in the Free free forces and and no sort of enlistment into the RAF or other british official service — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A01:E34:EFD2:6450:90EA:D191:D44:414A (talk) 20:31, 14 February 2022 (UTC)

French Language?
Why is this article related to the French Language? Just because Clostermann was a writer? --93.40.68.25 (talk) 20:02, 17 September 2015 (UTC)

Untitled
Some reference / justification for the "sport fisherman of international repute" would be good. — Lomn | Talk / RfC 20:10, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * He was member of the board of the International Game Fish Association.
 * What's the reference for Clostermann not being awarded the DSO ? On an official picture ca. 1946 he wears it : . Maybe it was awarded after the war ? 212.195.50.102 15:17, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

issues with the Mouchotte incident and the sinking of the SS Cap Arcona

In the sources available to me, there is no evidence of (then) Wing Commander Alan Deere wanting Clostermann to leave Biggin Hill Wing after the Mouchotte incident as described in your article. Rather the opposite, Clostermann is cited in Richard C. Smith's authorized biography on A.C. Deere as having stated that Deere was helping Clostermann in getting him transferred according to his (i.e. Clostermann's) wishes. The above statement is supported by passages in both Clostermann's "Une Sacrée Guerre" and the comic strip adaption of "The Big Show", executed by Manuel Perales ("Biggles présente: Le Grand Cirque"). Although a comic strip may seem to be no solid reference, I in this case believe that it is rather good, as Perales was friends with Clostermann and thus seems to have found Clostermann's approvement for his work. (It is obvious that actual mistakes that were present in the original book of "The Big Show" have been corrected in this comic adaption.)

Furthermore, I find no source sustaining the claim that Clostermann participated in sinking the "Cap Arcona". This claim has been made before, but the following speaks against it:

Clostermann was, at the time, attached to No 3 Squadron, flying on Tempests. The attack on the "Cap Arcona" was executed by Typhoons of No 184, No 197, No 198 and No 263 Squadrons, as your own website states (article "SS Cap Arcona"). Other sources (e.g. "Der Zweite Weltkrieg" by Janusz Piekalkiewicz, a noted historian) also claim that Typhoon aircraft carried out the attack, not Tempests.

Otherwise a very good and informative article.

A changing of the article or a comment would be appreciated.

The sinking of the SS Cap Arcona
In French language : "Le fait d’avoir enregistré le témoignage de M. Pierre Clostermann quelques semaines avant sa disparition et qui reconnaît, pour la première fois, sa présence à bord des avions qui ont bombardé le Cap Arcona est bien plus important. Pierre Clostermann reconnaît sa présence dans les avions mais nie le fait d’avoir tiré sur les survivants dans les canots de sauvetages malgré certains témoignages contraires.  Les témoignages de qui ? dit-il. Qui a témoigné ? Où étaient-ils ces témoins quand cela se passait ? Ils ne pouvaient pas être dans les avions, c’était nous qui étions dans les avions. Nous étions les seuls à pouvoir voir ou alors quelques allemands rescapés…  Il poursuit : ''j’ai trouvé que c’était malheureux, scandaleux, manque de pot, pas de chance. C’était absurde… c’est tout. Il n’y a pas de raison que l’on regrette particulièrement tout ça. On avait des sentiments pour les camarades, pour les gens qui ont été tués à nos côtés, qui étaient nos amis sans ça… En quoi ces déportés ont-ils été utiles pour gagner la guerre ? C’était plutôt à porter au débit des alliés qu’au crédit des alliés...''  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.64.182.240 (talk) 14:35, 15 July 2009 (UTC)

Number of victories
Clostermann is credited with 33 victories, but by the French Air Force, cf. The counting system is different with the one of the RAF. There is no distinction between individual and collective victories: an enemy shot by two pilots in collaboration is considered as one victory for each pilot. Clostermann is credited with 14 individual victories. Ground kills are a separated category, he is credited with 24 ground kills. The general tone of the article is contemptuous. For instance, Clostermann is credited with 225 trucks, 72 locomotives, 5 tanks and 2 torpedo boats, he didn't claim them destroyed. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Potemkine (talk • contribs) 22:25, 13 February 2007 (UTC).

 * This could be a language mishap, although I understand your point. In the UK at least, "claim" can be used in the definitive sense of e.g. "death claimed him", and when fighter pilots are written as having claimed a certain number of aircraft this is often simply an alternative way of saying that they shot them down, without implying that they did not actually do so. -Ashley Pomeroy 22:03, 10 June 2007 (UTC)

Clostermanns victories were AWARDED by the RAF. After numerous overclaims ( from the Big Wing era ), a criteria was set which included cine film evidence and an independant witness. Further, the kills were scrutenised by the Intelligence Officer ( Spy ) before being submitted for confirmation. Clostermann himself was an under claimer. Pumping a Focke Wulf full of 20mm, having said aircraft shed an engine cover, vomit a plume of flame and smoke did not constitute a kill simply because he could not witness ( or cine ) the plane exploding, or its pilot bailing out. I wonder what his score would be if he had been flying for the USAAF ? 50 ? 60 ?  A read of The Big Show will highlight all these facts. As a member of the French Parliament, and an outspoken critic of the Iraq war, a number of individuals " went after " Pierre. They miss the point entirely. They are as small minded as their understanding of aerial combat and aircraft performance. For those who doubt the Argentine pilots bravery and skill, I would suggest reading squadron leader Ian " Sharky " Wards book. I think it was titled Harrier Pilot, during which Sharky flew Sea Harriers. An A4 Skyhawk loaded with enough fuel for a mission from the Argentine mainland, and an MTOW munitions load is simply a target for a CAP Harrier. Read the logs of the Argentine pilots. These missions were flown under extreme conditions. No wonder the score for Sharkys squadron was 22 ( 23 ? ) - nil. A Mirage 2000 loaded with dual fuel tanks and munition  has only one chance, and that is to run away. And you cannot run from an AIM9 or Bluestreak AAM in a Mirage. I am NOT degrading the RAF or Royal Navy pilots performance, they are ( in my opinion ) world class. They had a superb combat aircraft. I am simply attempting to inject some perspective and reality into this campaign, and Pierre Clostermanns comments regarding the Argentine PILOTS. Sharky Ward himself was staggered by the skill of one particular Pucarra pilot. Who designed the Pucarra ? What is a Pucarra ? ( how do you correctly spell Pucarra ? ).....His name is Kurt Tank. He is German. He designed ( and even test flew ) Focke Wulfs, including the 190 series. The Ta152 is a dedication to Kurts design. Some reading of the Big Show will tell what Pierre Clostermann thought of these incredible aircraft.

Pierre was NOT a politcial animal. His respect for Walter Nowotny shows this ( and it was not Pierre who said " what a pity that sort isnt on our side " ). I expect he didnt sympathise much with the Argentine cause of " invading " The Falklands. It was simply a comment on the bravery and skill of fellow aviators. However, the comments were taken so far out of context as to be criminal ( let alone small minded ).

For those who cannot tell the difference between MPH and KIAS, you have my deepest sympathy. Ignorance is bliss. Unfortunately, in his description of the Hawker Tempest MkV, Pierre slips into using MPH, probably for those who do not have a Big Picture of aviation. Pierres figure of 490 mph on overboost are correct, however, some understanding is required. This is a brand new Tempest, flown by a test pilot and without munitions loaded. Aircraft top speeds are BARELY relevant to combat in anycase. Pierre also gives the top speed NON overboosted corectly as 440 - 460 KIAS. I cannot comment on Care Bear ( Grumman Bearcat which holds the current world record for prop driven aircraft....apparently ). All I can say is that an engines job is to drive a PROPELLOR. Its is this PROPELLOR which determines the efficiency of the conversion of horsepower to " thrust ". The Hawker Tempest MkV has a 14 ft Rotol composite prop. It was the largest diameter prop fitted to ANY WW2 fighter.

There are a group of " aviation enthusiasts " who constantly do things such as compare Spitfires against Mustangs. Why anybody would want to compare a local air superiority interceptor against a long range escort utility is beyond my comprehension. It shows a TOTAL lack of understanding of BOTH these magnificent aircraft. It is this same simplicity which not only misunderstands Pierre Clostermann, but also misinterprets him.

The simple truth is he risked his life, and by his own admission, should have been dead several times. According to his own fellow pilots, he knew more than any two of them put together about the aircraft they flew. ( he was, after all, a trained engineer ). He has passed on now. And by myself, for one, will be sadly missed.

Andrew ( Toz ) Pattison. Waimate. New Zealand His comments regarding the performance of the MkV Hawker Tempest have been misread. Unfortunately he switched to MPH during his explanation. 490 MPH at rated altitued ( 10,000 ft ) converted into KIAS at RATED ALTITUDED gives a figure very close to the rated top speed of the Tempest ( 460 knots ). ref The Big Show. There is a LOT more to top speed than the rated power of the engine. An engine is simply a device which drives a propellor ( in this particular case ). The Rotol prop on a Tempest V was the biggest fitted to any fighter in WW2. The top speed normally quoted is NOT its overboost top speed. Anyone who has actually READ Clostermanns book will know that this is not what Pierre is doing.

His comments regarding Argentine pilots are valid. An A4 Skyhawk loaded to the gills with fuel and munitions versus a CAP Harrier is not a very even fight.( ref : any military pilot you wish to have a beer with ). The same may be said for any mainland based Argentine aircraft. While their " cause " may have been very misguided, I take my hat off to them. And we all know what happens to military personel who disobey a direct order, dont we.

Pierre Clostermann was a man of honor. He took the blame for Mouchotte being shot down. There were many circumstances which led to this event. What happened to Pierre was not at all uncommon in combat. He did his very best. 485 NZ squadron were rather notorious for their " blame game " ( ref Tempest Pilot by J Sheedan ). Jimmy Sheedan flew with No 3 Sqaudron, and Pierre Closterman.

A small correction. Squadron Leader Jimmy Sheedan flew with NZ 486 squadron. This squadron flew mixed ops with Clostermanns bunch on many occasions. A J Pattison, Waimate , NZ

I'd just like to say I've really enjoyed reading the above discussion. I first read the abridged version of The Big Show about 12 years ago and it totally blew me away. It was definitely the best non fiction book about Second World fighter combat I'd read. Since then I've read the full-length version of the book (why it did take so long for them to publish that?!) and been impressed all over again. Just because someone is a good fighter pilot doesn't necessarily make them a good writer, but Clostermann had great descriptive talent. I was shocked to learn from this Wikipedia article that certain cretins tried to smear him because he dared to praise the courage of enemy fighter pilots. How could anyone doubt this guy's patriotism? The people who slandered him probably didn't have a shred of the bravery and skill that he had. R.I.P Mr Clostermann. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.138.98.253 (talk) 13:56, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

 * RAF period "Maximum speed"s are those measured at Boscombe Down and are not "Combat Five Minuter Limit" figures as that would have necessitated examining and possibly re-building the engines after the test. They were in fact measured using the "Take-off" rating as this was the power rating that could be routinely used in service.

 * Use of the "Combat Five Minuter Limit" rating, which was 'gated' on the throttle control box, would require the engine to be examined for possible damage after each use and so pilots were required to log any use of this rating after a flight. Except in emergencies the aircraft was not then to be flown again until the "over-boosted" engine had been checked and found serviceable.

 * Clostermann's speed figures would have been in mph as the RAF did not change over to using knots until IIRC 1946. IIARC, a Tempest V's measured maximum speed was 436 mph. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.149.247.9 (talk) 10:11, 10 January 2018 (UTC)

Clean up
To avoid an impending editorial conflict (as so happens on such Wiki articles) I have attempted to diffuse the situation and tidied up the article; the latter part of which best belongs in the discussion segment of this article as it makes no sense within the context of the encyclopedic narrative and refers ( I presume) to other articles relating to the Tempest and other WW2 related postings. As for Pierre's combat record, the 'Aces High' entry cross-references Air Ministry RAF operational record archives (specifically forms 540 and 541) filled in by Squadrons 1939-45 when a pilot made a combat 'claim'. These are prime references, and verification of Closterman's overall combat record. If anyone has supplementary references to back up any higher kill tallies, please include, otherwise as this is an encyclopedic article please keep text and content 'unemotive'. Thanks Harryurz 17:36, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 04:10, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

NO DSO
Oh yes Clostermann was awarded a DSO after WW II (I added this to the main article on him). He had bl... earned it to say the least. Most RAF officers received DFCs and DSOs quite fast (I'm not claiming that they didn't deserve them). PC ought to have got his DSO DURING WW II. They simply forgot him, it seems. Or did they? Source about PC's DSO: PC himself during several of our many telephone talks. It is certainly easy to check on this award in RAF archives at Kew. Signed by: Yves Michelet, French WW II specialist and former friend (among many others) of PC's.

Not sure it's that easy to search the AIR 2 files for 1939-1945 RAF decorations. The National Archives advise you to consult the Ministry of Defence to try and find the exact file number before you go looking. And the London Gazette doesn't seem to have recorded Clostermann's decorations because he wasn't a British subject.

Clostermann certainly owned the insignia of the DSO. He's wearing it in that 1945 photo and at pierre-clostermann.com there is a recent photo of his medal collection, framed under glass, still in the possession of his family, and it includes the DSO on the left of the second row from bottom.

http://www.pierre-clostermann.com/decorations.html

But it's not clear he was entitled to it. His obituaries in the British press mentioned other awards, but not the DSO. In the year 2000, Scale Aircraft Modelling magazine in Britain published a reader's letter which criticised Clostermann for, among other things, wearing the DSO to a D-Day commemoration at Bayeux in 1994. Clostermann himself wrote a reply claiming that the medal he wore 'in front of' (to the viewer's left of) his DFC was in fact that of a Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur, the ribbon of which, he said, was 'red with a blue tinge -- as is the DSO.' But that's not true. The ribbon of the Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur is pure red, with no blue border, and is a more scarlet red than the DSO. The cross itself, a five-armed Maltese cross with green foliage detail, is also quite unlike the DSO's. And Clostermann by that time was not a Chevalier but a Grand-Croix of the Legion d'Honneur. The insignia of a Grand-Croix, a scarlet sash and a huge gold star, is a bit burdensome, so he might have worn the simpler insignia of a Chevalier for preference, but the 'blue tinge' lie suggests he was in fact wearing a DSO when he shouldn't have been.

In the same letter, Clostermann said that his two DFC citations were 'enough for me.' He quoted both of them. He did not quote any DSO citation, and that can only be because he didn't have one. So, to a British audience, he correctly denied holding the DSO, even though he was quite prepared to wear it and claim it in France, which might explain why French sources often misattribute that decoration to him.

Even so, the French Wikipedia article does not at present credit him with the DSO (there is a similar discussion on the French talk page), though someone has wrongly stuck the DSO into the graphic that depicts his ribbons.

It seems that, even if AVM Broadhurst recommended him for the DSO at the end of the war, as claimed in The Big Show, what he actually received was the bar to the DFC instead. He could not then have received the DSO in addition without further wartime service, which, since the war was over, obviously did not happen. How he got hold of the DSO in his collection is obscure. Khamba Tendal (talk) 15:33, 10 May 2016 (UTC)

This talk page is a mess
Before I address what I could in the article (citations etc.), I'll try to tidy this a bit. Problems spotted here: What I'll try to do: If someone thinks this inappropriate, let me know, before I get to it in a day or two. Marjan Tomki SI (talk) 00:15, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Parts of text unsigned and undated
 * Sections out of chronologic order (last on top etc.)
 * Reconstruct times and authors from talk page's history
 * Reorder sections by times so assigned

title: Talk:Pierre Clostermann


text:
User talk:Drisdelle

I am for recycling but not at the expenses of our air. 650 tons of diesel fuel is burned annually for every 10,000 commercial recycling dumpsters getting a weekly service. For each dumpster emptied, (8 cubic yard) 2.5 pounds of diesel is burned. 10,000 stores X 2.5 pounds of diesel fuel = 25,000 lbs X 52 weeks = 1,300,000 lbs of diesel fuel per year, divided by 2,000 lbs (1 ton) = 650 tons per year.

More than half the cardboard from these 8 cubic yard recycling dumpsters ends up in the landfill due to contamination (garbage bags) which equals 25,000 tons of cardboard per year. Cardboard in the landfill decomposes and produces more green house gases. Also, more trees will need to be cut down to replace the cardboard lost to land fill. This causes more diesel air pollution from the work trucks.

A front loader recycling truck (3-4 miles per gallon) can empty 125 dumpsters per day, will burn 40 gallons of diesel fuel in the process and travel 130 miles. 40 gallons weighs 320 pounds, divided by 125 dumpsters = 2.5 pounds of pollution per dumpster emptied. Roll off compactors cause 8 pounds of air pollution for every 6 miles of transport. A gallon weighs 8 pounds, and these trucks get 6 miles per gallon.

For the same cost of an 8cu/yd dumpster emptied once per week,($1020. per year) it is possible to cut this pollution by 50% by using the most powerful stock room balers in America that pack 20 pounds of cardboard per cubic foot, that’s two times more than regular down stroke balers. This will reduce the number of times the recycling truck comes to each store by 50% or more, which means half the diesel pollution, and the 80 pound bales will be half the size of regular 80 pound bales, less storage space required. Most down stoke balers compact only 10 pounds per cubic foot. Shop wisely

Another benefit of baling cardboard is many recycling companies use gasoline powered trucks to collect small bales of cardboard. These trucks are cleaner burning than diesel powered collection trucks.

Recycling Equipment Drisco LLC 11116 Knoxville Ln. Frisco Tx. 75035 David Drisdelle 972-335-1421 214-256-3266

title: User talk:Drisdelle


text:
User talk:SargeAbernathy

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Jyril 20:12, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

I like this place O.O As soon as I'm done with my last semester of college I intend to study Wikipedia and learn to better organize myself and my research. SargeAbernathy 07:24, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

Wyatt Chesney
Do you know of any reliable sources for this article? ≈ jossi ≈ t • @ 03:41, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Furry

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:59, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:SargeAbernathy


text:
Rawalakot

Rawalakot is the capital of Poonch district in the region of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is located in the Pir Panjal Range.

1947 Poonch rebellion
On 15 June 1947, Sardar Ibrahim Khan addressed a meeting in Rawalakot attended by 20,000 people, and gave a speech telling his audience that Pakistan, a Muslim state, was coming into being and the people of Jammu and Kashmir could not remain unaffected. After that day, he says, "a strange atmosphere took the place of the usually peaceful life in these parts". On 22 June, Chaudhary Hamidullah, the acting president of the Muslim Conference, visited Rawalakot and initiated secret plans to organise the ex-servicemen of the district for an eventual confrontation with the Dogra State Forces. On or around 6 October, the armed rebellion started in the Poonch district. The fighting elements consisted of "bands of deserters from the State Army, serving soldiers of the Pakistan Army on leave, ex-servicemen, and other volunteers who had risen spontaneously." The rebels quickly gained control of almost the entire Poonch district, including Rawalakot.

1955 Poonch uprising
Along with Pallandri, Rawalakot was the focal point of the 1955 Poonch uprising. It was led by the local Sudhans who disapproved of Sher Ahmed Khan and wanted Sardar Ibrahim Khan, as well as democratic reforms.

2005 Kashmir earthquake
On Saturday, 8 October 2005 a 7.6 magnitude earthquake killed 73,338 people and left up to three million homeless in Pakistan, including Azad Kashmir. The city of Rawalakot, the capital of the Poonch district, suffered significant damage from the 2005 earthquake; although most of the buildings were left standing, many of them were rendered uninhabitable, and some of the population was left homeless. Most of the buildings have been reconstructed.

Location
Rawalakot is located at Latitude 33°51'32.18"N, Longitude 73° 45'34.93"E and an Elevation of 5374 feet. Rawalakot is approximately 76 km from Kahuta and about 120 km from the city of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. It is linked with Rawalpindi and Islamabad via Goyain Nala and Tain roads. Via Kotli Satiyan and Kahuta. It is also linked with Rawalpindi via Sudhnuti.

Travel routes
Construction of the Ghazi-e-Millat road (also known as Guoien Nala road) between Rawalakot and Azad Pattan has considerably reduced travel time, it is main road which is connecting Islamabad/Rawalpindi to Rawalakot city.

Road links
The road passing through Pakgali-Paniola connects Rawalakot to Bagh, Rawalpindi and Muzaffarabad. The alternative road that passes through Mohri Farman Shah, Shuja Abad is the shortest possible road link that connects Rawalakot city with Bagh. Murree, Islamabad and Rawalpindi are situated in a southward direction from Rawalakot. The town has another road link with Kotli.

Airport
Rawalakot Airport is non-operational and it has been closed since October 2005.

Climate
Rawalakot features a subtropical highland climate under the Köppen climate classification due to high altitude. The weather of Rawalakot is quite erratic. However, the climate of Rawalakot can be divided into four seasons, namely spring, summer, autumn and winter. Rawalakot has mild to warm temperatures during the spring and autumn, humid temperatures during the summer and cold to snowy during the winter. The temperature can rise as high as 38 C during the mid-summer months and drop below -1 C during the winter months. Snowfall occurs in December and January, while most rainfall occurs during the monsoon season stretching from July to September.

Demography
Rawalakot has an urban population of 56,006 people according to the 2017 census which rose to 56,590 in 2018. Majority of Rawalakot’s population is ethnically Sudhan & Rajputs.

title: Rawalakot


text:
User talk:AndyMcCann

Planet Magazine and Template:mag-stub
Hi AndyMcCann

Welcome to Wikipedia!

I noticed that you wrote an article about "Planet Magazine", but it was saved in the wrong place (you overwrote the mag-stub template). Can you re-create the article "Planet Magazine"? (I could have done this, but I don't want people to erraneously think that I wrote the article; you should get the credit.) You can get your article back from the history of Template:mag-stub

Basically what you do would be
 * 1) Click Template:mag-stub
 * 2) Click History
 * 3) Find your name, and then click the time stamp on the left
 * 4) Click Edit, but do not save
 * 5) Select all text, then do a copy
 * 6) Press the Cancel link on the bottom
 * 7) Click Planet Magazine (a blank editing window should appear)
 * 8) Paste your article there
 * 9) Save the article :-)

If you have any questions about how to do this you can leave them on my talk page or ask someone else for help.

—Wing 20:13, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:AndyMcCann


text:
Talk:Trojan Nuclear Power Plant

History
I'll add a timeline when I get around to it. It's a fascinating story. The plant was closed a few days after the utility won a referendum that would have closed it. The reason appears to be that they'd already committed to closing the plant early, in order to win that vote and a previous one, and this commitment to early closure made fixing the steam tubes uneconomic. So, why go to the expense of the referendum at all? Maybe some legal and political types can tell us one day. Andrewa 20:13, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, the referendum that citizens of Oregon voted on pertaining to Trojan was a choice between a "phaseout" (in which Trojan would gradually shut down) and an immediate closure. PGE (and a majority of Oregonians) advocated the phaseout option.  However, a few months after the election in November 1992, the plant was immediately closed as a result of structural failures. --Micahbrwn 04:31, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

I've added some history. Most of the web pages that used to describe the Trojan story seem to have been deleted since my last involvement in online discussion of Trojan. Others are now part of paid archives and I don't have access to them.

Some things I'd still like to add:

 * The precise date at which steam tube problems were first reported.

 * Actual dates of the state polls.

 * Dates of particular newsworthy demonstrations at the plant. It is claimed that on at least one occasion demonstrators entered the plant and assaulted plant workers, and were filmed by news cameras and arrested but not prosecuted. Others, while not denying that it happened, challenge the details of these accounts.

 * Dates of commitments by PGE to close the plant early.

Without these dates, a timeline just doesn't work! Andrewa 20:56, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Some other questions:

 * What is the installed wind capacity now in Oregon?

 * The only large scale wind to date seems to be the Stateline Wind Project. Exactly what is installed and even planned seems to vary a lot depending on which site you're reading, 123 MW is the current installed figure from the Oregon government site. Andrewa 06:31, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * In that it can be measured, how much have energy conservation measures made up for the lost capacity of Trojan?

 * Is the Trojan unit still the biggest PWR unit yet built, or have upgrades of others now overtaken it? 1130MWe is larger than any of the third generation LWR designs AFAIK, and the techniques used to scale up the steam generators to this capacity was a factor in their failure. Andrewa 01:03, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * And I was quite wrong! The EPR is 1600 MWe. Andrewa 16:55, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * So would I, and I'd also like to know if it was poor primary chemistry control or defective steam generators or a combination of both DanSolitz (talk) 07:41, 3 August 2023 (UTC)

Cooling towers
I changed the words cooling towers into cooling tower. Trojan is only equipped with a single cooling tower, standing at 499 feet tall. KelsoKid18 17:47, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

Neutrality
Who's the slantheaded admin who thinks that this article is not completely on center? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.64.50.138 (talk • contribs) 01:36, May 22, 2006

 * The Neutrality of the Page is disputed, when somebody edits the main text to include words like :"rubbish"
 * "This is incorrect"
 * "charade"
 * Somebody who has access to the correct facts need to fix this page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.20.243.93 (talk • contribs) 04:37, May 22, 2006

 * I think it is definately slanted, the writer is obviously biased towards the company that operated the plant. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.243.13.66 (talk • contribs) 03:58, May 23, 2006

 * Agreed it does have a slant, but at the same time it is the truth. Clean, cheap power that some people didn't want and the public is still paying for it. What is wrong with the truth? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.231.52.217 (talk • contribs) 17:39, May 24, 2006

Cleaning up the article
What exactly needs worked on in this article? I will try to jump on anything that is out of whack. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.64.50.138 (talk • contribs) 01:27, May 26, 2006

 * I went ahead and cut non-NPOV material and moved it here. I think there is some good information here, but much of it is not neutral or encyclopedic. With some careful editing, I think a good chunk of this could be worked back in. Alternatively, this might better be placed into a separate article - perhaps one about PGE?

 * After a heavy-duty cleanup, I have removed the tone and POV tags. Twisted86 07:22, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

  Nevertheless, PGE continued to charge its ratepayers for the full cost of the plant, including decommissioning and waste disposal, and the same profit it would have earned if the plant had remained operating. The Oregon Public Utility Commission (OPUC) also allowed PGE to charge ratepayers for the new projects built to replace the plant, along with profits on the new plants.

In 1978, Oregon voters had adopted by a vote of 69% to 21% a ballot measure to prohibit utilities from charging ratepayers any cost of plants not currently providing utility service to customers. Lloyd Marbet and other activists worked on this measure.

In 1995, the OPUC allowed PGE to continue to charge ratepayers both for return of the investment over the original expected 35-year life of Trojan and to charge ratepayers to receive a profit on Trojan of over 13% before taxes, for a total of $251 million of Trojan investment and $304 million for profit over the next 17 years. This is in addition to another $300 million in Trojan decommissioning costs over the next 17 years.

The Utility Reform Project, Lloyd K. Marbet, and CUB appealed this decision to the courts. In June 1998, the Oregon Court of Appeals agreed that allowing the $304 million in profit was a violation of Ballot Measure 9 of 1978. The utilities then substantially increased their contributions to candidates for the Oregon Legislature running in November 1998. As soon as the Legislature convened in January 1999, Enron/PGE had Rep. Jim Hill of Hillsboro introduce a bill to overturn the decision of the Court of Appeals. Jim Hill was quoted in the paper as saying that he was "carrying water for the utilities". The Legislature passed the bill and Governor Kitzhaber signed it. At the end of the 1999 session, over 60,000 signatures were collected within 90 days to place this bill on the November 2000 ballot as a referendum, Measure 90. The anti-Trojan forces won by over 88% of the vote and received more votes than any side on any Ballot Measure in Oregon history, over 1.2 million.

In the meantime, however, CUB entered into a Settlement Agreement with Enron/PGE, under which CUB withdrew from all of the lawsuits and supported a deal for PGE to collect from ratepayers the same amount as before or more. CUB got a payment from PGE of over $227,000 from PGE as part of the deal. The Utility Reform Project (URP) filed a complaint at the OPUC challenging this deal as illegal under Ballot Measure 9 of 1978 and the Court of Appeals' opinion. URP's expert witness concluded that, for ratepayers, the Settlement was worse than losing the lawsuits that URP had been winning. PGE ratepayers had already paid to PGE more than the full investment of Trojan, and $186 million more, as of October 1, 2001. The Settlement took away:

 * $161.9 million in credits owed to ratepayers when PGE sold itself to Enron in 1996 and sold long-term power contracts to California
 * $15.4 million in NEIL (nuclear industry insurance) distributions

It also imposed upon ratepayers an additional cost of $36.7 million (present value) cost in the form of a "new Regulatory Asset". "Offsetting" this admitted $214 million (present value) cost to ratepayers is a "Customer Credit" of $2.5 million, leaving ratepayers with a net cost of $211.5 million (present value) from the "CUB Stipulation". So it gave up over $400 million (present value) that would otherwise have been credited to ratepayers over the next 10 years.

PGE and the OPUC staff admitted, under oath, that the Settlement actually increased PGE's rates by $25.7 million as of October 1, 2001, and by a further $15.7 million as of each of the next two Octobers.

The OPUC again approved this deal in April 2002. URP again appealed to the courts and again won at the Marion County Circuit Court in 2004. In the meantime, PGE ratepayers filed class action suits against PGE for recovery of the unlawful profits. In December 2004, the Marion County Circuit Court granted summary judgment on liability to plaintiffs and certified a class of approximately one million ratepayers. PGE filed a petition for writ of mandamus with the Oregon Supreme Court to halt the Circuit Court class action. The Oregon Supreme Court heard argument in September 2005 but has not yet ruled.

==External links==
 * Refusal of application for electricity rate rise

Contractor?
Who was contracted to construct Trojan? It seems like it was a "lemon" from start to finish. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.97.249.207 (talk • contribs) 16:07, April 22, 2007

China Syndrome Link
I'm not a regular wikipedia editor, but noticed in a behind the scenes clip from the China Syndrome that the production team toured Trojan and based their control room set off the photographs. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.75.161.106 (talk) 23:12, 29 February 2024 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Trojan Nuclear Power Plant. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20071114180036/http://www.portlandgeneral.com/about_pge/corporate_info/trojan/images/issues_in_perspective.pdf to http://www.portlandgeneral.com/about_PGE/corporate_info/trojan/images/issues_in_perspective.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 10:50, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

Citations and References
Additional citations and references should be found in these links:

 * http://www.wweek.com/portland/article-4174-1975.html
 * http://www.oregonlive.com/opinion/index.ssf/2008/08/the_basics_on_nuclear_power_an.html
 * http://www.oregonlive.com/opinion/index.ssf/2008/08/trojans_short_troubled_history.html
 * https://www.nrc.gov/site-help/search.html?q=trojan&site=allSites#gsc.tab=0&gsc.q=trojan&gsc.sort=date&gsc.page=4
 * https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0103/ML010370352.pdf
 * https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1614/ML16141B097.pdf
 * http://www.oregon.gov/energy/facilities-safety/facilities/Pages/TRO.aspx
 * https://kaetsu.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=906&file_id=41&file_no=1 (Japanese)

 — RossO (talk) 19:31, 30 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trojan Nuclear Power Plant


text:
Jean Asselborn

Jean Asselborn (born 27 April 1949) is a Luxembourgish former politician who served in the government of Luxembourg as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2004 until 2023. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister from 2004 to 2013, under Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker. At the time of his retirement from national politics in 2024, he consistently ranked as the most popular politician in Luxembourg, with a popularity rate of around 80%.

Early life and career
Jean Asselborn was born on 27 April 1949 in Steinfort.

Asselborn left school in 1967 at the age of 18, and began working in a Uniroyal plant that same year. It was during this time that he became actively involved in the trade union movement and was elected youth representative of the Federation of Luxembourg Workers (Lëtzebuerger Aarbechterverband), the precursor to the current OGBL trade union.

In 1968, Asselborn began working for the Luxembourg City administration as a civil servant, before returning to Steinfort in 1969, where he was also employed as a civil servant for the local administration.

Asselborn resumed his secondary studies in 1976, obtaining a diplôme de fin d’études secondaires from the Athénée de Luxembourg that same year. Upon obtaining his final secondary school diploma, he became the administrator of the Intercommunal Hospital of Steinfort (Hôpital intercommunal de Steinfort) in 1976, a post he held until 2004. In October 1981, he was awarded a master's degree in private judicial law from Nancy 2 University.

Asselborn became Mayor of Steinfort in 1982 and served in that position until 2004.

In government
Following the legislative elections of 13 June 2004, Jean Asselborn joined the government as Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Immigration on 31 July 2004.

Upon the return of the coalition government formed by the Christian Social Party (CSV) and the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) as a result of the legislative elections of 7 June 2009, Jean Asselborn retained the offices of Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs on 23 July 2009. In October 2012, at his instigation, Luxembourg was for the first time elected to a non-permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council for 2013 and 2014.

Following the legislative elections of 20 October 2013, Asselborn was appointed Minister of Foreign and European Affairs, Minister of Immigration and Asylum on 4 December 2013 in the coalition government formed by the Democratic Party (DP), the LSAP and the Green Party (“déi gréng”). As of July 2004, Asselborn represents the Luxembourg government at the Council of Ministers of the European Union in its Foreign Affairs and General Affairs configurations. Jean Asselborn is currently the longest-serving minister among the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the European Union.

Political views
In September 2010 Jean Asselborn declined a request of the Alternative Democratic Reform Party (ADR) to make Luxembourgish an official language of the European Union citing financial reasons and also that German and French being already official languages would be sufficient for the needs of Luxembourg.

In early September 2016, Asselborn called for Hungary to be suspended or expelled from the European Union over its "massive violation" of EU fundamental values, citing concerns over its treatment of refugees during the European refugee crisis, independence of the judiciary and freedom of the press.

In March 2018, Asselborn condemned the Turkish invasion of northern Syria aimed at ousting US-backed Syrian Kurds from the enclave of Afrin. Asselborn said about Turkey's conduct that "this has nothing to do with self-defence any more", adding that Turkey would have to cease and desist from attacking the YPG and explain its conduct in Afrin to the NATO council.

Asselborn doubted that the peace agreement between Israel and the United Arab Emirates would bring stability to the region, stating there will be no stability without a two-state solution, and said the UAE had let the Palestinians down with the agreement.

In September 2023, Asselborn condemned Azerbaijan's military operation in Nagorno-Karabakh. He also stressed that military operations in populated areas must immediately stop to protect the lives of civilians, and Azerbaijan must abide by its international commitments.

Honorary distinctions
In December 2010, Jean Asselborn was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit (Großkreuz des Verdienstordens) of the Federal Republic of Germany.

In October 2013, he was appointed Commander of the National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d’honneur) of the French Republic.

title: Jean Asselborn


text: User talk:87.3.142.135

title: User talk:87.3.142.135


text:
Mount Algidus

The Algidus Mons, known in English as Mount Algidus, is the eastern rim of the dormant Alban Volcano in the Alban Hills, about 20 km southeast of Rome, Italy. The ridge is traversed by a narrow crevasse called la Cava d'Aglio. It was the site of the ancient Roman Battle of Mount Algidus.

The Via Latina, a road that was strategically advantageous in the military history of Rome, leads to Mount Algidus mountain pass. Dionysius of Halicarnassus claimed that a town was founded on the mountain (Dionysius of Halicarnassus, x. 21, xi. 3), but this has not been verified by modern scholarship. Although an extensive fortification lines the Maschio d'Ariano (the hill to the south of the Via Latina), this particular structure was entirely medieval, and therefore did not exist during the time period described by Dionysius. However, some historical topographers have mistakenly included it on maps meant to illustrate Italy during the Western Roman Empire.

title: Mount Algidus


text: User talk:142.232.8.200

title: User talk:142.232.8.200


text:
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikipedia:Directory

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. -Splash talk 03:07, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Directory
I created this page as sort of a handy directory to places of interest in wikipedia. I didn't know about the community portal at the time, and I guess that makes this page redundant. With a heavy heart I nominate WP:DIR for deletion Borisblue 20:14, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. It's a much less-dense listing than Community Portal, and has its own focus. --Carnildo 03:42, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Carnildo. I appreciate circumspection, but don't be too hard on yourself, Borisblue. ;) Xoloz 05:46, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Category:Raleigh, North Carolina

This category contains articles related to the city of Raleigh, North Carolina.

__NOGALLERY__

title: Category:Raleigh, North Carolina


text:
Wendy Makkena

Wendy Rosenberg Makkena (born October 4, 1958) is an American actress best known for playing Sister Mary Robert in the film Sister Act (1992) and its sequel Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit (1993) and numerous other roles in film and television. She has appeared regularly on stage since the 1980s. Her other film credits include Air Bud (1997), State of Play (2009), and A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood (2019).

Early life
Makkena was born in Manhattan and attended the Juilliard School. Her mother, Diana K. Rosenberg, was an astrologer specializing in various fields therein including Western and Indian astrology.

Career
In 1987, she made her Broadway debut in the production of Pygmalion. She later appeared in Lend Me a Tenor and Side Man. In 1988, she made her film debut appearing in Eight Men Out.

In 1992, Makkena had a supporting role opposite Whoopi Goldberg in the musical comedy film Sister Act as the shy but talented singing nun Sister Mary Robert, a role she reprised in Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit the following year. In both films, singer Andrea Robinson provided the actual vocals. In 1994, she co-starred opposite Christopher Lloyd in the comedy film Camp Nowhere, and in 1997 appeared in Air Bud. In 1998, she played a leading role in the LGBT-related independent comedy-drama Finding North. On television, she starred in the short-lived CBS sitcom A League of Their Own in 1993 and later had recurring roles on NYPD Blue, Judging Amy and NCIS. She also had regular roles on the short-lived The Job (2001-02), Oliver Beene (2003-04), Listen Up (2004-05) and The Mob Doctor (2012-13).

Personal life
Makkena has been married to Bob Krakower, an acting coach, since 1997 and they have a child together.

title: Wendy Makkena


text:
Andrew Kenny

Andrew Kenny is the main singer/songwriter of The Wooden Birds, which released their debut LP Magnolia in May 2009. Their second album, Two Matchsticks, was released June 2011. He was the frontman for the American indie/lo-fi band The American Analog Set. In 2003, he released a split EP in the Home Series (Vol. V) with Benjamin Gibbard. In 2005, he contributed towards Broken Social Scene's 2005 self-titled album. Andrew Kenny toured briefly with Broken Social Scene in 2007 and with Ola Podrida in 2008 before moving back home to Austin to work on his own recordings.

In 2008, Kenny wrote and performed the entire score for the short film Pickup and Return, which was written and directed by award-winning writer/director Alex R. Johnson. In 2014, Kenny scored another Johnson film, Two Step, which premiered that year at the SXSW Film Festival.

Solo

 * Home Volume V with Ben Gibbard (2003)

The American Analog Set

 * The Fun of Watching Fireworks (1996)
 * From Our Living Room to Yours (1997)
 * The Golden Band (1999)
 * Know by Heart (2001)
 * Promise of Love (2003)
 * Set Free (2005)
 * For Forever (2023)

The Wooden Birds

 * Magnolia (2009)
 * Montague Street EP (2010)
 * Two Matchsticks (2011)

title: Andrew Kenny


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipediology/libraryWikipediology/essays/Jmabel-1

Systemic bias in Wikipedia

Wikipedia has a number of systemic biases, mostly deriving from the demographics of our participant base, the heavy bias towards online research, and the (generally commendable) tendency to "write what you know". Systemic bias is not to be confused with systematic bias. The latter just means "thoroughgoing bias". Systemic bias means that there are structural reasons why Wikipedia gives certain topics much better coverage than others.

As of this writing, Wikipedia is disproportionately white and male; disproportionately American; disproportionately written by people from white collar backgrounds. We do not think this is a result of a conspiracy — it is largely a result of self-selection — but it has effects not all of which are beneficial, and which need to be looked at and (in some cases) countered.

Wikipedia is biased toward over-inclusion of certain material pertaining to (for example) science fiction, contemporary youth culture, contemporary U.S. and UK culture in general, and anything already well covered in the English-language portion of the Internet. These excessive inclusions are relatively harmless: at worst, people look at some of these articles and say "this is silly, why is it in an encyclopedia?"

Of far greater (and more detrimental) consequence, these same biases lead to minimal or non-existent treatment of topics of great importance. One example is that, as of this writing, the Congo Civil War [ eventually written about at Second Congo War ], possibly the largest war since World War II has claimed over 3 million lives, but one would be hard pressed to learn much about it from Wikipedia. In fact, there is more information "on a fictional race of giants who appear to be trees."

An example list of poor treatment due to this bias would include (in no particular order):

 * Africa and the 'Third World' generally, in all of its aspects
 * Asia - particularly 'underdeveloped' countries
 * Female oriented/dominated subjects
 * Foreign literature (particularly writers whose work is unavailable or not widely available in English)
 * Non-white figures in the U.S., UK, etc.

Systemic biases are not easily addressed. We will need a variety of strategies. Among those are:

 * Identify existing structures that can help in promoting this effort — e.g. Collaboration of the week, the translation page, cleanup — or can serve as models: the Irish wikipedians' notice board, WikiProject Philosophy, etc.
 * Create new structures to coordinate our efforts toward countering systematic bias.
 * Create an infrastructure for recruitment and support of contributors outside the present Wikipedia mainstream. For example, this could include active outreach to Historically black colleges and universities in the U.S. and to colleges and universities in various countries of the British Commonwealth. Edit: now Commonwealth of Nations.
 * Identify subject-matter areas and specific articles that have been neglected due to systemic bias and which ought to be written, added to, or otherwise improved.
 * Collaborate on producing such articles.

Wikipedia is an evolving project. While some of its biases — e.g. a preference for online sources — are probably inherent, others — generally the demographic ones — need not be. However, they will not be overcome by wishful thinking. We need to devote active effort to these matters, rather than keep doing the same thing and expect different results.

I believe that the most important of these correctives would be infrastructure for recruitment and support of contributors outside the present Wikipedia mainstream. I also think it is the one we are doing least to address. We need to deepen our understanding of why women and certain ethnic minorities in the English-speaking world do not find this project as appealing as white men and we need to work out what we can do about it. We need to work out how to successfully recruit contributors from a broader human base.

 * — Joe Mabel (Jmabel)

Review!


text:
Talk:Aroania (mountain)

Comments
I am looking up any new information about the legendary city of atlantis and need to find out if critias and timaeas had another brother called hermos and not from any other dialog and not from a tv show? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.61.101.247 (talk • contribs) 20:17, October 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * The name is most probably of Slavic origin so it can't be relevant to the subject.--92.118.191.48 (talk) 08:52, 29 August 2010 (UTC)

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Torelló

Torelló is a Spanish municipality in the comarca of Osona, in the Province of Barcelona, Catalonia. As of 2009 its population was 13,808.

Geography
The town is located at the confluence of the Ter and Ges Rivers. It is the main town of the Ges valley (Vall del Ges).

title: Torelló


text:
Alguacil

Alguacil (in Spanish), aguazil or guazil (in Portuguese) is the title for a number of governmental office-holders.

Origin
The term alguacil is derived from the Arabic term وزير (wazir), meaning Vizier. The first known use of the term dates back to 1579.

Constable
In Nahuatl, the term alguacil is a Spanish loanword that means constable or a sub-Cabildo officer.

Judge
There were two types of judges named Alguacils: The Alguaciles Mayores (Chief Justice) and Alguaciles Menores (Justice).

The Alguacils of higher importance were the Alguaciles Mayores. These positions were held by the most prominent families, so they approximated the office of Regidores. (At first they were also in charge of the local prison (jail), but this function was passed very soon to the responsibility of the Alcaide or warden.) Their function was to arrest people provided by the Inquisitor or investigators and the seizure of their property. To do this one had to be accompanied by the recipient, their family members and the Secretary (minister) of Arrests (sheriff). He could seek the support of civil authorities. It also ensured the safety of the detainees (defendants), because they had no communications with others except, of course, those authorized by the investigators. Among the junior officers, the Alguacil Mayor held the largest category with the Secret Notaries. The others functions of an Alguacil Mayor were:
 * Execute the statements
 * Imprison the criminals
 * Resolve public order issues
 * Appoint wardens of prisons
 * Intervene in cases of relevant people

The title has also been given to inspectors of weights and measures in marketplaces, and similar officials.

Sheriff
In history, an Alguacil is a sheriff of a Spanish municipality who acted as the executive officer of the courses, and is considered to be the equivalent of a modern bailiff. An Alguacil will execute the decisions of an alcalde, or a local judge, and will receive a portion of the judgments he executes.

An alguacil, as the principal police officer of a municipality, was allowed to carry arms during town patrols. The same privilege was extended to the alguacil's assistants, known in Spanish as tenientes. An alguacil was not allowed to hold another office, or to have a business.

Modern use
In Latin American countries or regions under Spanish influence, alguacil is currently the name for the office of sheriff or constable.

In the United States, Alguacil is used as the equivalent Spanish term for sheriff. However, the term "sheriff" has also been used, untranslated, in Spanish publications in the United States.

The term alguacil aéreo has been used as the equivalent Spanish term for Air Marshal, and the name Cuerpo de Alguaciles de Estados Unidos has been used as the Spanish name for the United States Marshals Service.

Surname
The title is also used as a surname. The following people with the surname "Alguacil" include
 * Imanol Alguacil (born 1971), Spanish retired footballer
 * Alberto Losada Alguacil (born 1982), Spanish retired road bicycle racer

title: Alguacil


text:
Visma

Visma is a privately held company headquartered in Oslo, Norway, that provides cloud accounting, payroll, invoicing, and HR business software products. The majority of the company is owned by HgCapital, a private equity firm.

The company was formed in 1996 in Norway, through the merging of Multisoft, SpecTec and Dovre Information Systems. The Group's market segments include small business, medium business, public, and ecosystem.

The Visma Group operates across Europe and a number of countries in Latin America.

Øystein Moan (CEO 1997–2020)
Former Visma CEO and now Chair of the Board, Øystein Moan (born 1959), earned an MSc in computer science at the University of Oslo. Prior to Visma, Moan was the founder and managing director of Cinet AS. After becoming CEO of the Visma Group in 1997, he grew the company from 300 to 8,500 employees and increased the revenue from NOK 250 million to €1.1 billion (2019 figures).

In 2020, Moan was succeeded by Merete Hverven.

Merete Hverven (CEO 2020–Present)
Current Visma CEO, Merete Hverven (born 1977), has a Master’s Degree in Finance and International Leadership from the University of St. Gallen and NHH Norwegian School of Economics. After joining Visma in 2011, she held several roles including Deputy CEO and Chief HR Officer. Since she became CEO in March 2020, Visma’s revenue has increased from €1.13B in 2019 to €2.39B in 2023, while the number of employees has risen from 9,113 to 15,107 in the same period. Visma has also entered 9 new countries since she began as CEO, bringing the total to 32 as of June 2024.

Corporate history
1996: The Visma Group had its first year of operations and was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. Shortly after listing, Visma started operating as a public company. MultiSoft ASA, SpecTec ASA and Dovre Information Systems AS merged. They had three key products: SpecTec (marine), Visma Logistics and Visma Business.

1997: Due to growth ambitions that exceeded the company's resources, the company experienced a financial crisis in the year's second quarter. The company had to be refinanced and re-structured and most of the management and the Board of Directors were replaced. Øystein Moan joined as CEO and the new board managed to raise MNOK100 in new share capital but had to lay off one-third of the company's staff.

1999: Visma established subsidiaries in Denmark and United Kingdom. The company made its first step towards SaaS launching Visma Business e-commerce and starting work on developing web and WAP extensions of all the Visma applications.

2000: The major event of 2000 was the sale of Visma Marine ASA's operations to Dutch company Station12. Visma received a cash payment of MNOK730, which was a considerable financial resource that was used to generate more growth. The new strategy was to offer both software and outsourcing within accounting, finance and payroll.

2001: Visma acquired Scandinavian PC Systems (formerly Scandinavian PC Systems), the Swedish market leader within the small business segment. Later in the year, the company entered the Finnish market through the acquisition of Liinos.

2002: With the Spcs developed software “Avendo”, Visma entered the Norwegian micro market. The acquisition of Møre Datasystemer saw Visma enter the public sector in Denmark.

2003: Visma entered major cooperation agreements with Norway's largest bank (DNB) and the national postal service.

2004: Visma established an electronic data center in Oslo, which processed 2 million incoming invoices in 2005. The company also increased its offering in the public sector with debt collection and temp services added to the portfolio.

2005: There was steady growth – both organically and through eleven acquisitions. Visma's Management Trainee program was initiated.

2006–2008: Visma entered the Dutch market through the acquisition of software company AccountView. A change of ownership saw British private equity firm Hg Capital become the new majority owner. Hg Capital de-listed Visma from the Oslo Stock Exchange.

2009: The company's Retail IT division was established, providing retail businesses with hardware and consultancy services to aid with implementation and support. This was also the year Visma's new headquarters in Skøyen, Oslo was completed ready to house over 1,000 of the company's Norwegian staff. Visma reached 10,000 SaaS users and became Finland's second largest accounting firm.

2010: KKR acquired a 76.9% ownership in Visma. At the time, the transaction valued Visma at an enterprise value of NOK11 billion. Visma was KKR's first investment in Norway. Hg Capital, the previous majority owner of Visma, retained a significant minority ownership of 17.7%. At the same time, Visma's management increased its ownership in the business to 5.3%. Earlier that year, Visma entered the IT consultancy market in Norway, Sweden and Denmark through the acquisition of Sirius IT.

2011: In Norway, Visma acquired Mamut, its rival in the micro segment. Included in the acquisition was an international web hosting company Active24.

2012: Visma launched Visma.net – for small and medium-sized businesses. At the launch, the suite included ERP, CRM and Expense Management. Later that year, Visma introduced Net Promoter Score, a customer satisfaction and nurturing program, for all of its products.

2013: Visma signed a significant deal in Norway to develop administrative and communication solutions for Norwegian schools. Through the acquisition of the Duetto Group, Visma entered the Finnish debt collection market.

2014: Visma widened its shareholder base to include Cinven, gaining a new valuation of NOK21 billion. The new ownership structure gave Cinven, Hg Capital and KKR 31.3% ownership each, and the Visma management received 6% ownership.

2015: Visma established a new business unit – Visma Employee Management – for payroll and HRM outsourcing services. Visma also conducted several major acquisitions: e-conomic (DK), SpeedLedger (SE), Huldt & Lillevik(NO), PBJ (DK), Viklo Oy (FI), Aditro Public (SE), Digital Booker (FI) and Abalon (SE).

2016: Visma sold its BPO division (outsourced accounting, payroll and HR services) to Hg Capital to focus on its cloud software business. Visma also acquired over 20 cloud software companies in Europe.

2017: Visma acquired Bluegarden, improving its position in the Danish payroll segment. During the year, Visma acquired a total of 12 companies, including Admincontrol, Megaflex Oy and NYCE solutions, expanding its offering in several new business areas.

In June 2017, Visma's shareholder structure changed after KKR sold its entire remaining stake in Visma to an investor group led by Hg Capital together with GIC, Montagu and ICG.

2018: Visma acquired Raet, a large Dutch enterprise providing payroll and HCM (Human Capital Management) software.

2019: Visma had a total turnover of NOK 16,500,000,000.

2020: Visma acquired Yuki, a Dutch bookkeeping software platform.

2021: Visma acquired ProSaldo.net, an Austrian bookkeeping and billing software platform, and Holded, a Spanish ERP and accounting company.

2022: Visma entered the French market via the acquisition of Inqom. Visma also acquired Dutch financial software company Lyanthe and Belgian software developers IonProjects and Teamleader. In May 2022, Visma announced the acquisition of Danish time registration system Intempus. Visma sold one of its Lithuanian subsidiaries to CVC Capital Partners. The remaining one is Visma's external programming service, based in Vilnius CBD.

2023: Visma entered the German market with the acquisitions of German financial software companies H&H and BuchhaltungsButler. Visma also acquired Belgian company Silverfin, a provider of cloud accounting software.

Sponsorship
In 2018, Visma signed a five-year sponsorship deal with the professional road cycling team Team-Jumbo Visma, which was one of the teams that competed in the UCI World Tour. The sponsorship began 1 January, 2019. The team won the 2022 Tour de France with Jonas Vingegaard, the 2023 Giro d'Italia with Primož Roglič, the 2023 Tour de France with Jonas Vingegaard, and the 2023 Vuelta a España with Sepp Kuss. It also took the Green Jersey in Le Tour de France Femmes with Marianne Vos.

Following the change of the CEO at Jumbo and its subsequent withdrawal from its World Tour cycling sponsorship, Visma took over as the primary sponsor, from the beginning of the 2024 season, for the team now called Team Visma | Lease a Bike.

From the 2015/2016 through 2021/2022 ski seasons, Visma was also the title sponsor of Visma Ski Classics, a long-distance ski racing championship.

title: Visma


text: User talk:70.149.22.72

title: User talk:70.149.22.72


text:
YPQ

YPQ may refer to:

 * Peterborough Airport (IATA: YPQ), an airport in Ontario, Canada
 * Yanping District (Division code: YPQ), a district of Nanping, Fujian province, People's Republic of China

title: YPQ


text:
Alirajpur

Alirajpur is a city in the Alirajpur tehsil in Alirajpur district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.

Alirajpur State was formerly a princely state of India, under the Bhopawar Agency in Central India. It lay in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh, near the border with Gujarat and Maharashtra. It had an area of 836 m2. It had been from time to time under British administration. The Victoria bridge at Alirajpur was built to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of 1897.

Demographics
As of the 2001 India census, Alirajpur had a population of 25,161. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

History
During the British Raj Alirajpur was the capital of Alirajpur State, one of the princely states of India. After India got independence in the year 1947, the ruling family of Alirajpur State moved to Delhi, where the last ruler of Ali Rajpur, Surendra Singh, subsequently served as the Ambassador of India to Spain in the 1980s.

Geography
Alirajpur's topography is predominantly hilly. Area-wise, the former Alirajpur taluka was larger than the Jhabua taluka of Jhabua district. Now Alirajpur is a District. The Rajwara fort is situated in the centre of the town.

Economy
Its economy depends primarily on agricultural endeavours, especially farming, especially mangoes. The agricultural trading yard in Alirajpur is the biggest in the state when it comes to mango trading. Alirajpur is also a hub for dolomite business.

Transport
On 30 October 2019, a new railway line was inaugurated between Alirajpur station and Pratapnagar station in Vadodara. Alirajpur is connected by bus to Indore and nearby districts.

title: Alirajpur


text:
User talk:Nktech

File permission problem with File:Nkhan.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Nkhan.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file agreed to license it under the given license.

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If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at File copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See File copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Kelly hi! 04:45, 24 December 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nktech


text:
User talk:Phinnaeus

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

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title: User talk:Phinnaeus


text:
Bounce to This

Bounce to This is an album by Karl Gordon, also known as K-Gee. The album had one minor hit with "I Don't Really Care" which peaked at No. 22 on the UK Singles Chart two years prior to the album's release, but received more publicity for the song "Let's Get Nice" which he recorded with Melanie Blatt while they were both stoned about the joys of marijuana.

title: Bounce to This