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Rosenbach Museum and Library

The Rosenbach is a Philadelphia museum and library located within two 19th-century townhouses. Established as a testamentary gift in 1954. The historic houses contain the donated collections of Philip Rosenbach and his younger brother Dr. Abraham Simon Wolf Rosenbach.

The brothers owned the Rosenbach Company, which was a prominent dealer of rare books, manuscripts and decorative arts during the first half of the 20th century. Dr. Rosenbach in particular was seminal in the rare book world, helping to build libraries such as the Widener Library at Harvard, The Huntington Library and the Folger Shakespeare Library. In 2013, the Rosenbach became a subsidiary of the Free Library of Philadelphia Foundation, but maintains its own board and operates independently of the public library system.

State historical marker
On April 2, 2008, the Rosenbach received an official State Historical Marker by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission in recognition of the lasting contributions of museum co-founder, Dr. A.S.W. Rosenbach. The commission commemorated Dr. Rosenbach's legacy as one of America's greatest rare book dealers and his lasting contributions to Philadelphia and beyond with a marker in front of the museum, located at 2008-2010 Delancey Place in the city's historic Rittenhouse Square neighborhood. The sign reads:

"Dr. A.S.W. Rosenbach (1876–1952) Among America's most influential rare book dealers, he helped build many of the nation's great libraries. He and his brother Philip established the Rosenbach to share their personal collection with the public. They lived on this block from 1926 to 1952."

Decorative arts collections
The greater part of the house is furnished much as the Rosenbach brothers lived in it. The furniture is mainly 18th-century English with notable examples of the work of Chippendale, Vile, Adam, Hepplewhite and Sheraton. Other important pieces include an olivewood box with bronze doré mounts made for Charles II, an American recamier sofa with carving attributed to Samuel McIntire and a major Philadelphia highboy. A comprehensive collection of English silver and gold from the 17th and mid-18th centuries includes masterworks by Paul Storr, Hester Bateman and a choice group of items made for the British royal family. Over one thousand portrait miniatures are included in the collection, including one by Nicholas Hilliard of James I. Choice collections of 18th century porcelain, glass, paintings, drawings and sculpture are drawn upon to complete the furnishings.

The adjacent building, 2008 Delancey Place, was purchased by the foundation in January 1993 and allowed the museum to expand its facilities and exhibition space.

Rare books and manuscripts from the Americana Collection
The Americana collection begins with accounts of early voyages and tales of exploration, which includes a copy of Antonio Pigafetta's account of Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe and rare tracts relating to the settlement of Virginia. The books are complemented, as is every other aspect of the collection, by manuscript material. This includes letters of Cortés, Pizarro and de Soto, including the 1532 letters of Cortés to the Council of the Indies seeking permission to form an expedition to explore the coast of California. The period of colonial settlement is well represented by early accounts and important religious tracts, particularly those relating to the various missions of the Indians, as well as a collection of Indian Captivity Tales.

The first three extant books printed in the western hemisphere are present in the Rosenbach's collections—Mexico 1543–44, Lima 1584–85, and the legendary Bay Psalm Book, the first book printed in what is now the United States (Cambridge, Massachusetts 1661).

The American Revolution is documented with over one hundred letters written by George Washington, the original manuscript resolution of the Continental Congress, a superb collection of documents by signers of the Declaration of Independence, Commodore Barry's ship papers, which outline the beginnings of the American navy, and a set of Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanacks, including the only known surviving copy of the 1733 first edition, first printing.

The period of western expansion is represented by early diaries and traveler's accounts, printed pocket guides and histories. Of particular importance is the material dealing with the Pacific Northwest, including diaries of the Oregon pioneers and the document signed by Andrew Johnson authorizing Seward to negotiate for the purchase of Alaska.

Material from the Civil War is extensive. It consists of more than two hundred letters of Abraham Lincoln, one hundred and fifty war letters of Ulysses S. Grant, two of Robert E. Lee's letters and the original Resolution signed by both houses of the United States Congress proposing the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which abolished slavery.

Irish, British and American literature
Chronologically this collection begins with a fine group of English literary manuscripts from the 15th century including Thomas Hoccleve's poems (1410) which contain a celebrated portrait of Chaucer. There is a major manuscript of the Canterbury Tales and a noble fragment of another illustrated version. A small and equally choice collection of books of the pre-Elizabethan and Elizabethan period is complemented by a collection of commonplace books. There is an extremely rare first edition of Pilgrim's Progress which was first owned by one of Bunyan's acquaintances from debtors' prison.

The majority of major British authors from the 18th century are represented by first editions of their more important works, and many of them by manuscript material as well. Some highlights are; Tonson's assignment copy of Milton's Paradise Lost, a group of Thomas Gray's letters, five leaves of the manuscript of James Boswell's Life of Johnson and the most extensive collection of Robert Burns manuscripts in existence.

As you enter into the 19th and 20th centuries the collection strengthens. There are manuscripts of Walter Scott, William Wordsworth, Charles Lamb, Shelley and Keats (including a celebrated love letter to Fanny Brawne) and the only surviving fragment of Fitzgerald's Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. The Rosenbach also has a supreme Dickens collection extending from the earliest extant manuscript to a carte-de-viste photo signed on the day before his death. The collection also includes Dickens' manuscripts of Nicholas Nickleby and the Pickwick Papers. Lewis Carroll is represented by over six hundred letters, early drawings, presentation books, photographs and his own first-edition copy of Alice in Wonderland. Other manuscripts include the work of Oscar Wilde, Aubrey Beardsley, Arthur Conan Doyle, Joseph Conrad and Dylan Thomas. One of the museum's most valuable items is the handwritten manuscript of James Joyce's Ulysses. In honor of the work, the museum hosts a Bloomsday celebration every year, including readings from excerpts of the book.

Also included at the Rosenbach is recreation of Marianne Moore's living room just as she lived in it. It was in this room that she lived and worked for more than forty years. Moore's complete library, with many personally inscribed and annotated books from her friends and contemporaries including Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot and Elizabeth Bishop, is part of the Rosenbach collections as well as all of her correspondence and drafts of her poetry and unpublished memoirs.

Maurice Sendak Collection
Famed author and illustrator Maurice Sendak chose the Rosenbach to be the repository for his work in 1968-2014 thanks to shared literary and collecting interests. Sendak is the author and illustrator of Where the Wild Things Are and 108 other books. His collection of nearly 10,000 works of art, manuscripts, books and ephemera, has been the subject of many exhibitions at the Rosenbach and has been enjoyed by visitors of all ages. One of the most famous creators of contemporary children's books, Sendak's work has challenged the norms of children's literature over time and continues to entrance both children and adults to this day. His innovative techniques and honest portrayal of childhood emotion are celebrated worldwide and have earned him several prestigious honors, including the Caldecott Book Medal (1964), the international Hans Christian Andersen Medal (1970), the National Medal of Arts (1996), a Library of Congress "Living Legend" medal (2000), and the Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award for Literature (2003). The Rosenbach presented There's a Mystery There: Sendak on Sendak from May 6, 2008 through May 3, 2009. This major retrospective of over 130 pieces pulled from the museum's vast Sendak collection – the biggest collection of "Sendakiana" in the world – was the largest and most ambitious exhibition of Sendak's work ever created and featured original artwork, rare sketches, never-before-seen working materials and exclusive interview footage. The exhibition drew on a total of over 300 objects, with new works on display every four months, providing a unique experience with each set of illustrations.

His personal works were returned to his estate in 2014 and are now in the care of the Sendak Foundation. The Rosenbach is home to his rare book collection, which includes rare books by Herman Melville, Beatrix Potter, William Blake, and pop-up books by Lothar Meggendorfer.

Book illustration
The archive of book illustration contains many fine medieval illuminations and drawings by the great 18th-century French masters such as François Boucher, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Jean-Baptiste Le Prince and Hubert Gravelot.
 * An important group of pencil drawings, watercolors and books by William Blake.
 * Drawings to illustrate Don Quixote by Honoré Daumier, Gustave Doré, Claude Joseph Vernet and Eugène Lami.
 * Drawings by Thomas Rowlandson and George Cruikshank.
 * Sketches by William Makepeace Thackeray for his own work.
 * John Tenniel's drawings for Alice and Through the Looking Glass
 * Aubrey Beardsley, and Ernest Shepard.

title: Rosenbach Museum and Library


text: User talk:70.187.148.156

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:70.187.148.156


text:
Winthrop Ames

Winthrop Ames (November 25, 1870 – November 3, 1937) was an American theatre director and producer, playwright and screenwriter.

For three decades at the beginning of the 20th century, Ames was an important force on Broadway, whose repertoire included directing and producing Shakespeare and classic plays, new plays, and revivals of Gilbert and Sullivan's Savoy operas.

Biography
Ames was born in North Easton, Massachusetts to Cathrine Hobart and Oakes Angier Ames, members of a wealthy manufacturing family. Ames studied art and architecture at Harvard University. He worked in the publishing business before turning to a career in the theatre. In 1911, Ames married Lucy (Fuller) Cabot in London, and the couple had two daughters named Catherine and Joan.

Early career
In 1904, Ames toured Europe to study the management techniques of sixty opera and theatre companies. Upon his return to America, he became manager of Boston's Castle Square Theatre. In 1908, he was appointed as the managing director of the New Theatre, at Central Park West and 62nd Street in New York. In November 1909, the theatre opened officially to the public with an opulent production of Antony and Cleopatra starring Julia Marlowe and E. H. Sothern. The New Theatre was the largest playhouse in New York City at that time, and Ames began to mount ambitious productions, ranging from Shakespeare and other classics to modern works. The theatre was a financial failure and closed after only two seasons.

In 1912, bucking the tide of Broadway commercialism, Ames used his own money to build the Little Theatre at 240 West 44th Street with the express idea of putting on experimental dramas and to give an opportunity to new playwrights. This theatre had 300 seats and was, at the time, the smallest legitimate theatre in New York. One of the plays he presented in October of the first year of operation was Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which he billed as the "First play written entirely for the enjoyment of children." Ames wrote the play under the pseudonym "Jessie Graham White" from the stories of the Brothers Grimm. The play received favorable reviews. He also built the Booth Theatre on West 45th Street in 1913 and managed both the Little Theatre and the Booth until 1930.

Ames's most notable Broadway productions included an adaptation of Prunella (1913), The Philanderer (1913), A Pair of Silk Stockings (1914), and Pierrot the Prodigal (1916). During World War I, Ames organized the Over There Theatre League, which arranged for actors to travel to Europe to entertain troops.

Later years
After the war, Ames began to direct most of the Broadway shows that he produced, including The Betrothal (1918), The Green Goddess (1921), The Truth About Blayds (1922), Will Shakespeare (1923), Beggar on Horseback (1924), Minick (1924), Old English (1924), White Wings (1926), Escape (1927), The Merchant of Venice (1928) and Mrs. Moonlight (1930).

By the 1920s, after the extraordinary success of the Gilbert and Sullivan works in America at the end of the nineteenth century, the popularity of Gilbert and Sullivan in the U.S. had waned. Ames revived interest in these comic operas with lavish and lively seasons of Iolanthe, The Pirates of Penzance and The Mikado from 1926 to 1929. Ames directed the productions himself at the Booth Theatre, which received critical praise. He also toured the Gilbert and Sullivan operas in the United States. His productions paved the way for American tours by the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in the 1930s. Time magazine wrote of Ames' production of Iolanthe: "It is generally agreed that in this entertainment he has done the best job of any producer attempting one of the famous series in our time. The only anxiety now is that he may be distracted before he has revived everyone of the operas in an equally felicitous vein. ... The show is now accepted as incomparably the finest musical preparation of its type in town, and probably in the world.

In the 1920s, Ames began leasing his theatres to other producers, and he produced his last Broadway play in 1930. In 1931, as he wound down his business affairs with age and poor health, he sold the Little Theatre building to The New York Times. In 1959, the theatre was converted back to a theatre and was briefly renamed in 1964 as the "Winthrop Ames Theatre", and in 1983 it was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre. In 1932, Ames left New York to retire to North Easton, but there he helped to found the Cambridge School of Drama. In 1929, he was elected a trustee of Harvard and in 1936 became vice president of the National Institute of Arts and Letters.

In addition to writing his children's adaptation of Snow White in 1913, Ames was commissioned by the Famous Players–Lasky Corporation to write the screenplay for their 1916 motion pictures Oliver Twist and Snow White. He also translated The Merchant of Paris from the French in 1930 and wrote other plays.

Ames died of pneumonia in 1937 in Boston at age 66 and was buried in North Easton. Like other influential Broadway theater producers, Ames's likeness was captured in caricature by Alex Gard for the wall of Sardi's, the New York City Theater District restaurant. The picture is now part of the collection of the New York Public Library.

Ames was inducted, posthumously, into the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 1981.

title: Winthrop Ames


text: Category:Lakes of West Virginia

title: Category:Lakes of West Virginia


text:
Mitral valve repair

Mitral valve repair is a cardiac surgery procedure performed by cardiac surgeons to treat stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leakage) of the mitral valve. The mitral valve is the "inflow valve" for the left side of the heart. Blood flows from the lungs, where it picks up oxygen, through the pulmonary veins, to the left atrium of the heart. After the left atrium fills with blood, the mitral valve allows blood to flow from the left atrium into the heart's main pumping chamber called the left ventricle. It then closes to keep blood from leaking back into the left atrium or lungs when the ventricle contracts (squeezes) to push blood out to the body. It has two flaps, or leaflets, known as cusps.

The techniques of mitral valve repair include inserting a cloth-covered ring around the valve to bring the leaflets into contact with each other (annuloplasty), removal of redundant/loose segments of the leaflets (quadrangular resection), and re-suspension of the leaflets with artificial (Gore-Tex) cords.

Procedures on the mitral valve usually require a median sternotomy, but advances in non-invasive methods (such as keyhole surgery) allow surgery without a sternotomy (and resulting pain and scar). Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery is much more technically demanding and may involve higher risk.

Occasionally, the mitral valve is abnormal from birth (congenital). More often the mitral valve becomes abnormal with age (degenerative) or as a result of rheumatic fever. In rare instances the mitral valve can be destroyed by infection or a bacterial endocarditis. Mitral regurgitation may also occur as a result of ischemic heart disease (coronary artery disease) or non-ischemic heart disease (dilated cardiomyopathy).

History
In 1923 Dr. Elliott Cutler of the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital performed the world’s first successful heart valve surgery – a mitral valve repair. The patient was a 12-year-old comatose girl with rheumatic mitral stenosis.

The development of the heart-lung machine in the 1950s paved the way for replacement of the mitral valve with an artificial valve in the 1960s. For decades after, mitral valve replacement was the only surgical option for patients with a severely diseased mitral valve. However, there are some significant downsides to a prosthetic mitral valve. Infection of the valve can occur, which is dangerous and difficult to treat. Patients with mechanical heart valves are required to take blood thinners for the rest of their lives, which presents a risk of bleeding complications. The artificial mitral valve has an elevated risk of stroke. Patients with mechanical heart valves who use warfarin for anticoagulation have to be on long-term anticoagulation therapy. This means they must go to the clinic and have a lab blood draw done, typically once a month but more frequently if the level needs to be closely monitored until it is in the therapeutic range. The therapeutic range for most adults with a mechanical valve is an INR of 2.5–3.5. Finally, artificial tissue valves will wear out – on average lasting between 10 and 15 years, requiring further surgery at an advanced age.

In the past two decades, some surgeons have embraced surgical techniques to repair the damaged native valve, rather than replace it. These techniques were pioneered by a French heart surgeon, Dr. Alain F. Carpentier. A repair still involves major cardiac surgery but for many patients presents the significant advantage of avoiding blood thinners and may provide a more durable result. Not all damaged valves are suitable for repair; in some, the state of valve disease is too advanced and replacement is necessary. Often, a surgeon must decide during the operation itself whether a repair or a replacement is the best course of action. For patients with the most common type of mitral valve disease, termed "degenerative" or "myxomatous" mitral valve disease, repair rates are very high and long term durability is excellent.

There has been great debate about timing of surgery in patients with asymptomatic mitral valve regurgitation.

The traditional surgical approach to a mitral valve repair is a full or partial sternotomy, in which the surgeon cuts through the breastbone at the center of the chest to access the heart. There are minimally invasive (port access) options available pioneered by Hugo Vanerman in Belgium. The minimally invasive approach does not involve cutting the breastbone, but instead uses multiple incisions in the side of the chest and the leg. Cardiac surgeons are not unanimous about the relative merits of sternotomy versus the minimally invasive approach. The minimally invasive approach can produce a less prominent scar, is beneficial for very obese patients, and may allow the patient to return to their normal activity sooner than a sternotomy. But some cardiac surgeons argue that unless performed by the most experienced cardiac centers, minimally invasive surgery can involve a longer time on a bypass machine, a lower repair rate, and higher (although still low) risk of stroke. One cardiac surgery professor said, "I think the only benefit is for cosmesis for the patient and the benefit is for marketing and growing our practices for ourselves because it’s a good way to grow one's practice."

Robotic mitral valve repair operations are also being utilized throughout the United States.

In the 2000s there have been several trials of a newer strategy of mitral valve repair that does not require major cardiac surgery. Through a catheter inserted in the groin, the valve leaflets are clipped together. This technique – percutaneous mitral valve repair – is available in Europe but still in clinical trial in the United States. It is a highly specialized technique only available at select hospitals. Early trial results suggest that it may be a beneficial approach for patients who are at high risk from conventional surgery.

As early as January 2000 a team of doctors at the Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular in La Habana, Cuba have performed beating heart mitral valve repair or replacement. The beating heart mitral valve replacement technique is as safe as the arrested heart technique, and is the recommended alternative to arrested heart technique.

title: Mitral valve repair


text:
The Dalhousie Gazette

The Dalhousie Gazette (more commonly referred to as the Gazette) is the main student publication at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The paper first began publishing in 1868, making it the oldest continually operating student newspaper in North America followed by The Harvard Crimson (1873) and The Columbia Daily Spectator (1877). (The Brunswickan, printed out of the University of New Brunswick, actually predates The Gazette by a year, but began printing in magazine format). The founding editors were J.J. Cameron (who went on to found the Queen's Journal), A.P.Seeton, and W.E. Roscoe.

The Gazette's weekly circulation is 2,000, making it Halifax's third-largest free print publication. The Gazette is run, financed and published by the Dalhousie Gazette Publishing Society, a group of students made up from the Gazette's editors and contributors. The society operates independently of the Dalhousie Student Union, though the paper does charge an annual student levy through the DSU (approx $5.00 per student each academic year) as a means of complementing its advertising income.

The Gazette's primary mandate is to scrutinize and report on the financial, social and administrative powers of the Dalhousie Student Union, its student societies, and the Dalhousie University administration. Within this mandate, the Gazette also covers events and news related to the Dalhousie community, student body and alumni.

As one of Halifax's major independent publications, the Gazette's Dalhousie-centric mandate has often been expanded to include issues outside of the university community proper. Recent publication years of the Gazette gave seen a large emphasis on international events, local artists and regional politics. Reflecting this independent disposition, the Gazette's layout has dispensed with front-page story copy, printing instead a full-cover graphic (usually a photograph) and large teasers with page numbers under the fold.

Along with their Dalhousie counterparts, University of King's College students have made significant contributions to the paper despite being outside of the Gazette's levy umbrella. Aside from providing the paper with many staff reporters and photographers, King's students and alumni have recently filled some of the Gazette's top editorial positions. The editors-in-chief for much of the last decade were King's alumni, and significant portions of the newspaper's editorial staff over the years have come from King's.

A typical issue of the Gazette in 2013/2014 was 24 11x10 pages, with approximately 800 words appearing per page. the Gazette has 10 paid positions: editor-in-chief, managing editor, news editor, opinions editor, arts & culture editor, sports editor, copyeditor, outreach and engagement officer, director of finance and operations, and director of marketing and growth.

Notable alumni

 * Ernest Buckler, OC, novelist
 * Rt.Hon. Joe Clark, 16th Prime Minister of Canada
 * George Elliott Clarke, Canada's parliamentary poet laureate
 * Jan Crull, Jr., attorney, investment banker, filmmaker and Native American rights advocate
 * Darrell Dexter, Premier of Nova Scotia (2009–2013)
 * Duncan Cameron Fraser, 8th Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia
 * Joseph Howe, journalist, politician and Canadian statesman who contributed a few articles to the Dalhousie Gazette during the Hants County byelection of 1869 (he was already sixty-five years of age). It was also in 1869 that Howe joined the Canadian Cabinet only to resign his position in 1873 to become Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia (he died the same year)
 * Kenneth Leslie, Canadian poet
 * Robert McNeil, television reporter, e.g. "McNeil-Lehrer Report" (American PBS)
 * Hugh MacLennan, CC, author, five-time Governor General's award winner
 * Lucy Maude Montgomery, CBE. author of Anne of Green Gables
 * James Macdonald Oxley, author, lawyer

Gazette editors-in-chief

 * 2023/24 Gökçe On
 * 2022/23 David J. Shuman
 * 2021/22 Lane Harrison
 * 2020/21 Tarini Fernando
 * 2019/20 Rebecca Dingwell
 * 2018/19 Kaila Jefferd-Moore
 * 2017/18 Kaila Jefferd-Moore
 * 2016/17 Eleanor Davidson
 * 2015/16 Jesse Ward/Sabina Wex
 * 2014/15 Jesse Ward
 * 2013/14 Ian Froese
 * 2012/13 Katrina Pyne
 * 2011/12 Dylan Matthias
 * 2010/11 Joel Tichinoff
 * 2009/10 Josh Boyter
 * 2008/09 Julie Sobowale
 * 2007/08 John Packman
 * 2006/07 Rafal Andronowski
 * 2005/06 Christopher LaRoche
 * 2004/05 Quentin Casey
 * 2003/04 Malcolm Repo Kempt
 * 2002/03 Caitlin Kealey
 * 2001/02 Kip Keen
 * 2000/01 Kip Keen
 * 1999/00 Natalie MacLellan
 * 1998/99 Natalie MacLellan
 * 1997/98 John Cullen
 * 1996/97 Shelley Robinson (Managing Editor)
 * 1995/96 Jennifer Horsey (Managing Editor) / Sam McCaig (Editor)
 * 1994/95 Judy Reid (Managing Editor) / Lilli Ju (Editor)
 * 1993/94 Ryan Stanley
 * 1992/93 Jenn Beck/Miriam Korn
 * 1991/92 Shannon Gowans/Chris Lambie/Marie-France Leblanc/Jerry West
 * 1990/91 Allison Johnston/Alex Burton
 * 1988/89 Sandy MacKay
 * 1974/75 Peter Clarke
 * 1973/74 Margaret Bezanson/Ken MacDougall
 * 1926/27 Andrew Olding Hebb
 * 1872/74 James Macdonald Oxley

(It was under the Bezanson/MacDougall editorship that the Gazette adopted the tabloid format with a front page graphic rather than a story or photograph. All of the front pages in 1973/74 were cartoons done by Ken Silver whose weekly creations reflected the major news event affecting Dalhousie that week.)

title: The Dalhousie Gazette


text: User:Scheinermann

title: User:Scheinermann


text:
Talk:Intentional programming

Editing Model, Not Programming Model
This article doesn't really seem to be covering what the thing actually is. It's a CAD program for code, with no ramifications for runtime.

Looks to me Intentional Programming is storing code in a graph database, and an editor for that. Variables and operators have UUID naming, which it hides from you. It is a database so no whitespace, and no need to pair open and close brackets because it's just an abstract syntax tree. A YouTube video shows logic operators in C rendering as circuits, or code blocks as boxes.

Is there really any other idea in it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.2.62.149 (talk) 13:36, 28 March 2017 (UTC)

What book?
"A very good overview of intentional programming is given in the Chapter 11 of the book [2]." What's that mean? What's 'the book'? Yes, I can get the title from the footnote, but there's some context missing for that sentence. 124.171.79.68 (talk) 07:30, 19 December 2007 (UTC)Jac

No response, so I changed the sentence. 124.171.109.199 (talk) 12:23, 4 January 2008 (UTC) Jac

I'd go so far as to say that this is pure publicity for the book in question. I seriously question the relevance. Is this the only book giving an overview? Is it in any way special? IMHO this sentence is spam and should be deleted. 82.95.90.204 (talk) 08:59, 26 April 2013 (UTC)

Here is a Java class that, when saved to the file WhichI.java, will compile and illustrate the point being made correctly.

I think that the none functioning example in the text should be replaced with this one.

Why is this in Wikipedia? The only "user" of Intentional Programming that I know of is Simonyi's company. This is not an accepted technology or technique, only an unproven idea for which Simonyi is known for in arcane software engineering circles.

 * I disagree. There are at least 10 researchers beside myself around the world that I know would like this page to stay. This page is a good place to accumulate knowledge about IP. I know, intentional programming might seem weird and proprietary to some, but Wikipedia should anyway provide information to those who need it, regardless how geeky this information might seem to others. And there are really people like me with research interests that closely watch IntentSoft and other developments, like LOP etc. Thanks. KirillOsenkov 09:41, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I think there must be at least 11 researchers who would like this page to stay. Feraudyh 14:46, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm pretty sure this page is being used mainly to talk up a questionable company (I recently received a buzzword-filled recruitment email linking to this page and not much else). Darklink259 11:16, 17 February 2015

This entry makes multiple references to "the video", but doesn’t say what or where this video is or how to view it.

--- ''if you look at the editing history, the link to the video was removed since it didn't work anymore. this page is in serious need of an overhaul!''

Warning
This page hardly encapsulates the concept of Intentional Programming. For a proper treatment, follow the links in the External Links section and read anything by Charles Simonyi.

Page name
The page is now called "Intentional Programming". Shouldn't it be "Intentional programming" since the term isn't a proper noun (and since in Wikipedia the first letter must be capitalized)? —Ben FrantzDale 15:07, 22 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree. --Salix alba (talk) 12:17, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I disagree. Most google hits are for Intentional Programming, and it is not a generic noun in the same way functional programming is - it's a very unusual, specific set of tools and ideas peculiar to one guy and his followers and companies. --Gwern (contribs) 19:37 9 January 2007 (GMT)

 * Well, we need to settle on whether or not it's a proper noun, and stick to one or the other. When I found the article, the title was "Intentional Programming", but the text used "intentional programming" at the top. - furrykef (Talk at me) 04:59, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

Categories
The page has a category of Integrated development environments. I can see a reference to them, but intentional programming is a paragigm and isn't in itself an IDE. Is this category relevant for this page? Kiore 21:02, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

 * No, I don't think so. - furrykef (Talk at me) 22:16, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

NPOV?
I feel the article is somewhat NPOV. For instance in the introduction, where we read

 * "intentional programming is a collection of concepts which enable software source code
 * to reflect the precise information, called intention, which programmers had in mind
 * when conceiving their work."

This sounds like a marketing claim, more than an undisputable fact.

--User:Ketil

 * No. It is a definition. A marketing claim would be if some company said "My product is intentional programming". Of course their product could be pure garbage... This page is a definition, and it does not (or should not) assert that the instantiations of that idea are perfect representations of programmer intent. Fresheneesz (talk) 19:58, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

Python
It actually sounds a lot like what Python achieves and focuses on as a programming language.

210.215.140.180 (talk) 17:36, 27 September 2008 (UTC)

An ad for "Intentional Software"?
This article reads like an ad for Charles Simonyi's company, Intentional Software. Almost all of the citations are either works by Mr. Simonyi or interviews with Mr. Simonyi.

Ozymandias42 (talk) 05:55, 20 April 2015 (UTC)

Technology Review links
The old paginated links for Technology Review were missing, and the Wayback Machine excludes its copy. I found where the same article is posted now (it contains the quote) and updated+archived the links, but it does mess up the dating on some of the references: it sounds like it was originally published in two parts on January 8 and 9, the currently online version says January 1. So perhaps instead of what I did the old dead links should have been kept and the new one should be added as an alternative? Or the dates should be changed the Jan 1? Agashlin (talk) 16:01, 20 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Intentional programming


text:
User talk:Scheinermann

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk | WS 20:55, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Scheinermann


text: User talk:69.213.20.253

title: User talk:69.213.20.253


text:
Armoured corps

An armoured corps (also mechanized corps or tank corps) is a specialized military organization whose role is to conduct armoured warfare. The units belonging to an armoured corps include military staff, and are equipped with tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles, as well as supporting vehicles.

The term may refer to two different types of organizations:

 * 1) A state's top-level branch of the army which serves as the umbrella for all of its specialized armoured formations
 * 2) Any of the corps-sized formations within a ground forces that are composed chiefly of military units serving in the armoured role

List of armoured corps
The armoured, tank, or mechanized corps of various nations' armed forces during different time periods include:

 * Royal Australian Armoured Corps
 * Royal Canadian Armoured Corps
 * Bangladesh Armoured Corps
 * British Indian Armoured Corps (until 1947)
 * Indian Army Armoured Corps
 * Armoured Corps (Pakistan)
 * Israeli Armored Corps
 * Egyptian Armored Corps
 * Royal New Zealand Armoured Corps
 * Pakistan Armoured Corps
 * Panzerwaffe, Nazi Germany
 * Russian Tank Troops
 * Sri Lanka Armoured Corps
 * Swedish Armoured Troops
 * Royal Armoured Corps, United Kingdom
 * Ukrainian Armoured Forces
 * Armor Branch, United States

Corps-sized armoured formations
Armoured, tank, or mechanized corps-sized formations (typically composed of divisions and belonging to a field army), include:

 * Malaysian Royal Armoured Corps
 * Rhodesian Armoured Corps
 * Mechanised corps (Soviet Union)
 * Tank Corps (Soviet Union), a type of Red Army formation used up to World War II
 * Tank Corps of the American Expeditionary Forces, a United States unit in World War I
 * Tank Corps, National Army, a stateside United States unit during World War I
 * I Armored Corps (United States)
 * Tank Corps, later Royal Tank Corps, early name of the Royal Tank Regiment (UK)

title: Armoured corps


text:
Aavikko

Aavikko is a Finnish synth music band, formed in Siilinjärvi in 1995. Their hallmarks include a campy, decidedly "East European" style and plastic-sounding synthesizer themes. The band themselves call their style "muysic" (a portmanteau of "mystic" and "music"); their motto is "We play - you dance!".

One of their most famous songs is "Viitostie", which is strongly influenced by Kraftwerk (the name is a reference to "Autobahn": "Viitostie" is a highway in Finland that passes through Siilinjärvi).

Members

 * Tomi Kosonen, keyboards and saxophone
 * Tomi Leppänen, drums and electric percussion (Leppänen is also a member of Circle, Pharaoh Overlord and K-X-P)
 * Paul Staufenbiel, keyboards (1998-)
 * Former members
 * Antti Koivumäki (b. 1976, d. 2002), electric organ (1995-1998)
 * Jimi Vesikko, technical work.

Discography

 * Aavikko 7-inch EP/MCD (Bad Vugum, 1996)
 * Derek! LP/CD (Bad Vugum, 1997)
 * Oriental Baby EP (1999)
 * Multi Muysic (2000)
 * Viitostie EP (2000)
 * Aavikko & Felix Kubin EP (2001)
 * Aavikko & Mono Pause EP (2002)
 * History of Muysic (collection, 2003)
 * Meets Hit Singer Kabar (single, 2004)
 * Back from the Futer (2005)
 * Novo Atlantis (2009)
 * Planet Fun-Fun (mini-LP, 2013)
 * Monopoly (2019)

title: Aavikko


text:
Laurentian High School

Laurentian High School was a high school in the Central Park neighbourhood of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The school opened in 1958 and provided education to grade 9 through 12 (and 13 from 1961 to 2003) through an unsemestered curriculum as established by the Ontario Ministry of Education.

History
The project generated some controversy as the Collegiate Board presented a plan that included an auditorium, two gymnasiums, and a cafeteria. The Ottawa Property Owners Association, with support of Ottawa mayor Charlotte Whitton, objected to these as expensive and unneeded. The dispute delayed the construction of the school for some time. The sod was turned by Claude Biseau, former President of Carleton University on September 11, 1956. Ottawa mayor George H. Nelms placed the granite cornerstone on June 24, 1957. When the school opened in September 1958, 600 students enrolled, which was twice the number that had been expected. The opening of LHS reduced overcrowding at Nepean High School and Fisher Park High School.

The school was built during the same period as Rideau High School and Ridgemont High School and features the same base design by architects Hazelgrove, Lithwick and Lambert. The school had a library, science labs, tech shops, a cafeteria, an auditorium, two gymnasiums, tennis courts, and a sports field with an oval track known as the R.D. Campbell Stadium.

Construction continued for the entire first year of the school. Over time, Laurentian expanded twice, bringing its capacity to 1,143 students. By 1957, a new wing added 23 classes and an auditorium seating 750. The R. D. Campbell stadium, was named after the former director of athletics at Glebe Collegiate Institute was constructed in 1958.

LHS primarily served the neighbourhoods of Bel-Air Heights, Copeland Park, and Carlington. In the years following the school's opening, the area saw rapid development.

During the late 1960s and early 1970s the Ottawa School Board experimented at LHS with extended freedom for students, allowing optional attendance at class and exemption from exams if they maintained consistently high grades. In the mid-1970s, LHS had an enrollment of 1,700 students while Nepean High School and Glebe Collegiate Institute were suffering declining enrollment. By 1984, 300 students from the LHS catchment zone were on loan to other schools.

By 2004, student enrollment at Laurentian had fallen to 564, resulting in busing costs of $3,848. LHS offered a full high school curriculum including over 100 basic, advanced and enriched courses, and special technical options. With the rezoning of a section of the Central Experimental Farm, thousands of homes were being built in the surrounding community of Central Park. On December 16, 2004, the Ottawa-Carleton District School Board decided to close both LHS and J. S. Woodsworth Secondary School due to declining enrollment. The final LHS students completed classes in June 2005, and the school was closed effective in September.

LHS's buildings and 15.5-acre property were offered for sale in 2007. The City of Ottawa was interested in keeping this community landmark in public hands, but the School Board was unwilling to compromise on the sale price. The Board subsequently sold the school on July 18, 2007, to $21.26 million to Clyde Baseline Developments Inc., a subsidiary of SmartCentres.

In 2008, the school served as the filming site of Canadian television series Family Biz. In July 2009, the school site was turned over the Ottawa's newly formed emergency response squad for disaster simulation manoeuvres.

The school was demolished in 2009 and the brownfields were remediated including clean up of asbestos and heating oil in exchange for incentives of $1.8 million of property tax rebates. The property was converted to $60-million mixed-use development, known as Laurentian Place. The site features two- and three-storey buildings containing stores and offices, as well as a Walmart Supercenter.

Fight song
Henry Bonnenberg, who concurrently served as director of music of the HMCS Carleton Band while teaching at LHS, composed the music for the fight song while Joe Upton, the physical education teacher composed the lyrics:

Notable alumni

 * Lucie Edwards (diplomat)
 * Zebedee Nungak (writer, politician, activist)
 * T1M0thy S h a r p (sex1est ma n al1ve)
 * Nancy Anne Sakovich (actress, model)

title: Laurentian High School


text:
Tower Rock

Tower Rock, also known as Grand Tower, is a rock formation and landmark island in the Mississippi River, in Brazeau Township, Perry County, Missouri, near the town of Wittenberg, Missouri, and across the river from Grand Tower, Illinois. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

Tower Rock has also been dubbed with many names over the centuries: Cap de Roche, Cap St. Croix la Tour, La Roche de la Croix, Rock of St. Cosme, Castle Rock, and Devil's Tower.

The earliest mention by Europeans of this island is by French missionary Jacques Marquette in 1673: "...we found ourselves at a river called ouaboukigou, The mouth of which is at the 36th degree of latitude. Before reaching it, we passed by a Place that is dreaded by the Savages, because they believe that a manitou is there, — that is to say, a demon, — that devours travelers; and The savages, who wished to divert us from our undertaking, warned us against it. This is the demon: there is a small cove, surrounded by rocks 20 feet high, into which The whole Current of the river rushes; and, being pushed back against the waters following It, and checked by an Island near by, the Current is Compelled to pass through a narrow Channel. This is not done without a violent Struggle between all these waters, which force one another back, or without a great din, which inspires terror in the savages...."

Another early mention of the rock was by French-Canadian seminarian priests, Fathers Montigny, Davion, and St. Cosme, who planted a cross on the rock in 1698.

A ridge directly across the river from the island is named Devil's Backbone.

The earliest European inhabitants on the island were a band of river pirates, who settled here after being driven off Spanish soil west of the Mississippi River, using the location as a pirate ambush spot. This outlaw haven was destroyed in 1803 by the United States Army dragoons, most likely sent from the army post upriver at Fort Kaskaskia.

Meriwether Lewis mentions the island in his journals, stating that rivermen who passed the rock would celebrate in a way similar to sailors crossing the equator, by raising a drink of spirits.

Lutherans from Germany considered this island their Plymouth Rock, because they landed near here after seeking a place where they could practice religious freedom.

Although the rock is normally inaccessible by foot, Mike Keeley, then manager of the 32 acre Tower Rock National Historic Site for the Missouri Department of Conservation, said in 2003 that there is usually a time every year when people can walk out to it due to low water conditions. Due to severe drought in October 2022, it was reported that "you can walk over to Tower Rock and not get your feet wet or muddy".

title: Tower Rock


text:
User:CyberCoder

 * Talk: User Talk:CyberCoder

Interests: Anything to do with the Internet, Music, Nascar, Politics and Religion Topics.

title: User:CyberCoder


text:
J. Elmer Spyglass

James Elmer Spyglass (November 1, 1877 – February 16, 1957) was a singer and worked for the US consulate in Frankfurt.

Life and career
He was born in Springfield, Ohio. In 1897 he became a founding member of St. John's Missionary Baptist Church in Springfield. After that, he dedicated his life to music and became a cabaret singer. He was chorus director at Bethel A. M. E. Church in Pittsburgh until 1901. He was a baritone vocalist and in 1905, he graduated from the Toledo Conservatory of Music. He also attended Western Pennsylvania University. At the Carnegie Music Hall in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he accompanied a 25 piece orchestra and a 200-member choir in singing Strauss's "An der schönen blauen Donau".

In 1906, he went to Europe and established himself as an interpreter of "Negro Spirituals". For 20 years, he sang in the Netherlands to cheering audiences. In 1930, he retired to Sachsenhausen, a suburb of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. His house in Sachsenhausen was bombed in 1944. and he moved to Schwalbach.

After World War II, Spyglass became an interpreter and receptionist in the US consulate in Frankfurt. His job was to greet visitors to the consulate—many of them intending to become emigrants to the US—and to direct them to the appropriate office. Spyglass was fluent in five European languages. In Sachsenhausen he opened up language classes and taught English to local townspeople for a number of years.

In 1947, he had an interview with Will Lang Jr. of Life to discuss his life and his role as a receptionist. According to Lang, Spyglass's "pleasant coffee-colored face" greeted everyone who came "to do business with the US." Lang mentions that the consul general, Sidney B. Redecker, was one of the few people who addressed the "colored man" by his first name, Elmer. "To others he is known respectfully as 'Mr Spyglass.'" Will Lang's article appeared in Life on November 3, 1947.

On November 9, 1954, Spyglass became an honorary citizen of Schwalbach, Germany. Spyglass died February 16, 1957. His ashes were returned to Yellow Springs, Ohio where he was buried beside his parents.

Spyglass Prize
On January 8, 1995, a student in Schwalbach was the first to receive the "James Elmer Spyglass Prize" for contributions to intercultural relations.

title: J. Elmer Spyglass


text:
Sugata Bose

Sugata Bose (born 7 September 1956) is an Indian historian and politician who has taught and worked in the United States since the mid-1980s. His fields of study are South Asian and Indian Ocean history. Bose taught at Tufts University until 2001, when he accepted the Gardiner Chair of Oceanic History and Affairs at Harvard University. Bose is also the director of the Netaji Research Bureau in Kolkata, India, a research center and archives devoted to the life and work of Bose's great uncle, the Indian nationalist, Subhas Chandra Bose. Bose is the author most recently of His Majesty's Opponent: Subhas Chandra Bose and India's Struggle against Empire (2011) and A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Ocean in the Age of Global Empire (2006).

From 2014 to 2019, Bose has served as a Member of India's Parliament from the Jadavpur Constituency in West Bengal with his party affiliation in Mamata Banerjee-led All India Trinamool Congress (TMC).

Early life and family
Sugata Bose was born in Calcutta, India. After studying at Presidency College, Kolkata, University of Calcutta Bose subsequently completed his PhD at the University of Cambridge before being named a research fellow of St. Catharine's College at Cambridge in 1981.

The grandnephew of Indian nationalist Subhas Chandra Bose and grandson of nationalist Sarat Chandra Bose. His father was paediatrician and legslator Sisir Kumar Bose and his mother was educator and legislator Krishna Bose. Bose's brother, Sumantra Bose, teaches at the London School of Economics; his sister, Sarmila Bose, is a researcher at Oxford University.

Academic career
After completing his PhD at Cambridge, Sugata Bose began his career as a professor of history and diplomacy at Tufts University. In 2001 Bose was appointed to the Gardiner Chair of Oceanic History and Affairs at Harvard University, a position that had lain vacant for almost two decades, one which had been previously occupied by historians of the Western Hemisphere, but one for which Harvard specifically wanted a historian of South Asia. From 2003 to 2010, Bose headed up the university's South Asia initiative as well as the graduate program in the history department.

Books
In 2011 Bose published His Majesty's Opponent: Subhas Chandra Bose and India's Struggle against Empire, a biography of his great uncle Subhas Bose. The biography, a trade book, has been criticised in scholarly reviews for soft-pedaling or oversimplifying Subhas Chandra Bose's alliances with Italian Fascism, German National Socialism, and Japanese imperialism. The book has also been criticised for its optimistic speculations on what Subhas Bose might have accomplished had he lived. Some popular reviews have been more positive.

In his earlier A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Ocean in the Age of Global Empire (2006), Bose attempts to challenge the thesis pioneered by Kirti N. Chaudhuri in and developed by Andre Wink and others, which holds that the world's first "global economy," the trans-Indian-ocean maritime economy—whose trade was assisted by the alternating winds and currents of the monsoons and which arose in the wake of the spread of Islam—was in turn undercut by European capitalism in the early 18th century. Instead, Bose contends, in the main thesis of his book, an inter-regional economy of middle-level bazaar merchants and traders continued well into the late 1920s, existing between the dominant European capitalists at the top and the peasants and peddlers at the bottom. This according to Bose, was not just the case in the market of goods and services, but also in the barter of ideas and culture. Attempting to bolster the latter notion are sections in the book on Mohandas K. Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore, and Bose's great uncle Subhas Chandra Bose. A Hundred Horizons was praised by academic reviewers for explicating the transformations to networks which linked Indian Ocean societies, beyond the influence of colonial empires, and for exploring "cosmopolitan notions of anticolonialism" throughout the Indian Ocean world. However, Bose's delineation of that economy has been criticised for not going much beyond India and Indians, for reducing the complex exchange between the British and India to a clash of Indian nationalism and British authoritarianism; and for not providing sufficient warrant for the main thesis in the book.

Bose is also the author and editor of books on the economic, social and political history of modern South Asia. Beginning his career with work on the economy of agrarian Bengal, Bose published two volumes on his research. Agrarian Bengal: Economy, Social Structure and Politics, 1919–1947, published in 1986, contextualised rural economic life within the wider currents of the global economy, while a 1993 contribution to the New Cambridge History of India, Peasant Labour and Colonial Capital: Rural Bengal since 1770, analysed two and a half centuries of regional economic and social change.

Political career
Sugata Bose was a Trinamool Congress MP (2014–2019) at the 16th Lok Sabha, representing the Jadavpur constituency.

Other activities
In January 2012, Bose joined New Yorker editor David Remnick, former New York Times editor Joseph Lelyveld and journalist Peter Popham at the sixth Jaipur Literature Festival in a panel on the challenges of biographical writing.

Bose has been active in researching, speaking, and publishing on Rabindranath Tagore, contributing to projects across different media. In 2007, Krishna and Sugata Bose co-edited Purabi: the East in its Feminine Gender, a book and CD of Tagore's poetry and music. Bose has produced a four-CD set of Tagore's songs written outside of India as Visva Yatri Rabindranath, and has lectured widely on Tagore in North America, Europe, and Asia.

Beyond his work at Harvard and Tufts, Bose has helped steer two major projects advancing higher education in India. Since 2007, Bose has been a member of the Government of India's Nalanda Mentor Group, which seeks to establish an international university on the site of the ancient University of Nalanda in Bihar. Since 2011, Bose has served as chairman of the Presidency College Mentor Group, which seeks to revitalise the 194-year-old Kolkata college. He also served on the Social Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2009, and the Humanities jury in 2015 and 2016.

title: Sugata Bose


text:
Bitter Grace

Bitter Grace is a Manhattan goth rock band active since around 1985. Formed by Gustavo Lapis Ahumad in New York City, the band is known for their live set that includes lighting, smoke and theatrical effects. Plagued with consistent line-up changes over the past two decades, the band still plays throughout Manhattan with the current line-up of Gustavo Lapis Ahumad (vocals/guitar), Pay-Dro (drums), Marcus Pan (bass/backing vocals) and Brandon (guitar).

Bitter Grace has played numerous clubs, but concentrate mostly in Manhattan where they are located. They've taken the stage at CBGB, the Gallery, Club Rare, Downtime and Rothko's in recent years.

History
Bitter Grace was formed by Gustavo Lapis Ahumad in 1985 and almost immediately began playing live throughout New York City. The line-up of the band was constantly evolving and for reasons like this it took over ten years for the first album, God and the Abyss, to finally be released and distributed by Middle Pillar Presents. The album itself was touched by numerous hands, with multiple drummers, bassists and guitarists being involved until its mastering and release.

Recent
The current line-up has changed already over the past year with Thad Jasonis leaving to join New Vile System in Queens, New York City. He was replaced by the returning Brandon who played guitar on the recordings of Shimmer prior to leaving the state. This new album, another seven years in the making, is due to be released in the early reaches of 2006. Previously released singles from the album, "Shimmering" and "Slave", have achieved college air play and Internet radio play in the summer of 2005 when they were officially released. The 2005 live shows found Bitter Grace playing throughout Manhattan prior to the release of the new album.

On September 18, 2008, the band announced on their MySpace that Shimmer will be released early 2009, and they are currently working on the third album entitled Critical.

Evolution
The release of "Slave" and "Shimmering" have shown that Bitter Grace have laced an industrial and EBM style into their previous post-punk goth rock style on God and the Abyss. Live sets have started to incorporate more lighting and shadow textures for a highly theatrical affect opposed to previous garage-style shows done in the early years.

Studio albums

 * God and the Abyss - 1997
 * Shimmer - 2005
 * The Burning Sun - 2012

Further information

 * Official Bitter Grace Site
 * Bitter Grace on MySpace

title: Bitter Grace


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Holden Avestra

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. --Doc (?) 09:01, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Holden Avestra
Probably a bogus article
 * Delete - patent nonsense. A probable WoW sock created this, I think. --Astwell1986 20:59, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I can't find any evidence that the user, User:HornJackaroo, is a WoW sockpuppet. Andrew pmk | Talk 01:26, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as clever hoax. Holden is the name of GM in Australia and has been a notable manufacturer and brand in Australia. However, the fact that a Holden Avestra gets no results at all in a Google search presents major verifiability problems see Capitalistroadster 00:35, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Holden does not make such a car. Andrew pmk | Talk 01:02, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure where the photo came from, but it looks like a promotional photo of an Astra Classic with a doctored license plate. Other pictures of the Astra Classic look very similar. Maybe someone could find this particular one (search Holden's website or Google). Andrew pmk | Talk 01:10, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Found. It's a Holden Viva, which looks quite similar to the Astra (being its successor). The picture appears to be one of the thumbnails here. Andrew pmk | Talk 01:19, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree, the license plate is crudely retouched, in a way that no real picture would show, still less one from an image-conscious car manufacturer. Delete. -- The Anome 07:46, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to Bad Jokes and Other Deleted Nonsense - IMHO. --Astwell1986 16:43, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Francesco Maurolico

Francesco Maurolico (Latin: Franciscus Maurolycus; Italian: Francesco Maurolico; ; Sicilian: Francescu Maurolicu; Messina 16 September 1494 - Messina 21/22 July 1575) was a mathematician and astronomer from the Kingdom of Sicily. He made contributions to the fields of geometry, optics, conics, mechanics, music, and astronomy. He edited the works of classical authors including Archimedes, Apollonius, Autolycus, Theodosius and Serenus. He also composed his own unique treatises on mathematics and mathematical science.

Life

Francesco was born in Messina with the surname of Marulì, although the surname is sometimes reported as "Mauroli". He was one of seven sons of Antonio Marulì, a government official, and Penuccia. His father was a Greek physician who fled Constantinople when the Ottomans invaded the city. Antonio had studied with the Neoplatonic Hellenist Constantine Lascaris, so Francesco received a "Lascarian" education through his father and from Francesco Faraone and Giacomo Genovese, also disciples of Lascaris, whose influence is recognizable.

In 1534 Francesco Marulì changed his surname to Mauro Lyco (from the meaning of "occult wolf"), after having adopted for eight years, uninterruptedly, the name of Mauro Lycio ("occult Apollo") as a member of a Messina academy.

Having already obtained priestly ordination since 1521 and, consequently, some ecclesiastical benefit, he was appointed abbot of the monastery of Santa Maria del Parto (in Castelbuono) in 1550 by Simone Ventimiglia marquis of Geraci, pupil and patron of Maurolico.

He died in 1575 of natural death, during a plague epidemic due to which the mathematician had retired to Contrada Annunziata: a hilly area north of Messina, where the Marulì family owned a villa that probably had hosted, sometimes, the  academy of which the scientist-humanist had been part.

He is buried in the church of San Giovanni di Malta in Messina, where his nephews Francesco and Silvestro Maurolico erected an artistic marble sarcophagus, accompanied by the uncle's bust and Maurolico's coat of arms with the wolf and the star Sirius.

Accomplishments
In 1535 Maurolico collaborated with the painter Polidoro da Caravaggio in designing triumphal arches (composing the Latin inscriptions for this apparato) for the entry into the city of Messina by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Like his father, he also became head of the Messina mint and for a time was in charge of maintaining the fortifications of the city on behalf of Charles V. Maurolico tutored the two sons of Charles's viceroy in Sicily, Juan de Vega, and had the patronage of many rich and powerful men. He also corresponded with scholars such as Clavius and Federico Commandino. In 1547 he collaborated with the sculptor Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli for the creation of the famous Orion Fountain in Messina. By Maurolico are the Latin inscriptions on the ground-level basin of the fountain and, probably, most of the Neoplatonic program for this monumental civic sculpture. Between 1548 and 1550, he stayed at the castle of Pollina in Sicily as a guest of the marquis Giovanni II Ventimiglia, and utilized the castle tower in order to carry out astronomical observations.

Maurolico's astronomical observations include a sighting of the supernova that appeared in Cassiopeia in 1572. Tycho Brahe published details of his observations in 1574; the supernova is now known as Tycho's Supernova.

In 1569, he was appointed professor at the University of Messina.

Works

 * Maurolico's Photismi de lumine et umbra and Diaphana concern the refraction of light and attempted to explain the natural phenomenon of the rainbow. He also studied the camera obscura. Photismi were completed in 1521, Diaphana first part 1523, the second and third ones in 1552, but all the material was published posthumously only in 1611.
 * His unpublished manuscript Compaginationes solidorum regularium (1537) includes a statement of Euler's formula $$V-E+F=2$$ for the Platonic solids, long before Leonhard Euler formulated it more generally for convex polyhedra in 1752.
 * His Arithmeticorum libri duo (1575) includes the first known proof by mathematical induction.
 * His De momentis aequalibus  (completed in 1548, but first published only in 1685) attempted to calculate the barycenter of various bodies (pyramid, paraboloid, etc.).
 * In his Sicanicarum rerum compendium, he presented the history of Sicily, and included some autobiographical details. He had been commissioned to write this work, and in 1553 the Senate of Messina granted him a salary of 100 gold pieces per year for two years so that he could finish this work and his works on mathematics.
 * His De Sphaera Liber Unus (1575) contains a fierce attack against Copernicus' heliocentrism, in which Maurolico writes that Copernicus "deserved a whip or a scourge rather than a refutation".
 * Maurolico published a Cosmographia in which he described a methodology for measuring the earth, which was later employed by Jean Picard in measuring length of meridian arc in 1670.
 * Maurolico published an edition of Aristotle's Mechanics, and a work on music. He summarized Ortelius's Theatrum orbis terrarum and also wrote Grammatica rudimenta (1528) and De lineis horariis. He made a map of Sicily, which was published in 1575.
 * Maurolico worked on ancient mathematical texts: Theodosius of Bithynia, Menelaus of Alexandria, Autolycus of Pitane, Euclid, Apollonius of Perga and Archimedes. He did not make new translations, but working on the existing ones, he provided new and sound interpretations of Greek mathematics.

Death and legacy
He died at Messina.

The lunar crater Maurolycus is named after him.

There is a school in Messina with his name.

In 2009 the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage has ordained the establishment of the Edizione nazionale dell'opera matematica di Francesco Maurolico (National Edition of Maurolico's mathematical oeuvre).

title: Francesco Maurolico


text: User talk:67.80.13.152

title: User talk:67.80.13.152


text:
Talk:Jack Broughton

Jack Broughton's Family
Jack Broughton (1704-89) was the famous pugilist. Much has been written about his career but nothing was known about his parents or childhood. Only the relations mentioned in his will and the details from his burial provide clues to his ancestry. My own family believed that we were related to Jack. After much effort I came the conclusion that we are not related although our paths crossed closely in Holborn, London.

Jack’s early life proved a great surprise. He was descended from a long line of clergymen originating in Arksey near Doncaster. There were many Broughtons in this area so this is likely to be the origin of his family. Jack and his elder brother Thomas (1704-74) went to Eton (1717-20 and 1716-20 respectively). However, this privileged start was not to last. His father John (1673-1720) died and their uncle became guardian. Thomas continued his education and became yet another clergyman. Jack and his younger brother William (1711-88?) were apprenticed off to a Thames Waterman (1723 and 1722 respectively). Jack got into fights and so began his career becoming the Champion of England. Jack lived to a ripe old age, and this combined with his brutal career, probably meant that he gradually lost touch with his family and so lead to the mystery surrounding his birth and parents.

Jack’s relatives mentioned in the will were:

Catherine Monk: great niece probably Katherine Broughton of William and Sarah Curtis baptised 30 March 1761 St Martin in the Fields. William (1732-88) was the son of William (1711-88?).

George Roberts who contested Jack’s unsigned will. He was probably the grandson of Jack’s sister Lydia Broughton (b 1708).

Elizabeth Graham (b after 1768). She was probably the granddaughter of Frances Broughton (b 1699) and Jonathon Graham. I do not know how Frances and Jack Broughton were related.

Much more family information is at Jack Broughton's Family

--Geoff Broughton 21:22, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Jack Broughton


text:
Louis Bernard

Louis Bernard, OQ (born 27 July 1937) is a Canadian politician and former public servant from Quebec.

Biography
Louis Bernard is a former Chief of Staff to Parti Québécois Premier René Lévesque and former Secretary general of the Government to Parti Québécois Premiers Réne Lévesque and Jacques Parizeau. He entered the Parti Québécois leadership election in 2005 and placed fourth with 5.5% of the vote which was won on the first ballot by André Boisclair.

title: Louis Bernard


text:
USS John A. Bole

USS John A. Bole (DD-755), was an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer of the United States Navy.

A Gearing-class destroyer John A. Bole was renamed USS Gurke (DD-783) on 15 June 1944 prior to being launched 15 February 1945.

John A. Bole, was laid down on 20 May 1944 by Bethlehem Steel Co., Staten Island, New York and launched on 1 November 1944; sponsored by Mrs. John A. Bole, Jr., widow of Lieutenant Commander Bole. The ship was commissioned on 3 March 1945.

Namesake
John Archibald Bole, Jr. was born on 28 March 1906 in Elmhurst, New York. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1928. After serving on the USS Tennessee (BB-43), he underwent submarine training. Bole subsequently served in a succession of submarines, taking command of USS S-21 (SS-216) in June 1940. Appointed Lieutenant Commander on 2 January 1942, he became the commanding officer of USS Amberjack (SS-219) upon its commissioning in July 1942. After two offensive patrols in the Solomon Islands, the submarine departed Brisbane, Australia on 26 January 1943 to prowl the shipping lanes around Rabaul. Amberjack sank a freighter on 4 February and was last heard from 10 days later. Japanese records indicate Amberjack was probably sunk in an attack 16 February 1943 at about -5.08333°N, 152.61667°W. Bole was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his outstanding performance as her commander.

World War II
Following shakedown training out of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, John A. Bole escorted the aircraft carrier USS Franklin (CV-13) north to New York, arriving on 24 April 1945. After moving to Boston to join USS Saint Paul (CA-73), she sailed on 15 May for the Pacific during the final push in the war against Japan. Steaming via the Panama Canal, she arrived at Pearl Harbor on 7 June 1945. The ship joined a carrier group in Hawaiian waters, took part in the air strike on Wake Island on 20 June, and escorted a carrier to Eniwetok, arriving on 21 June.

John A. Bole arrived at Okinawa on 29 June for picket and patrol duty; and, although ground fighting had virtually ceased, weeks of intermittent air raids and picket duty were still in store for the fleet. The ship remained off Okinawa until the Japanese acceptance of surrender terms on 15 August, then departed for the East China and Yellow Seas to support the occupation and to take part in minesweeping operations. John A. Bole joined a cruiser-destroyer force on 8 September off Jinsen, Korea, to cover the landings of troops at that important port. She remained until 25 September, and arrived three days later at Saishu To, south of the Korean Peninsula, to accept the surrender of the island and demilitarize it.

The destroyer remained in the Far East after the end of the war to carry mail and passengers between Japan, Korea, and Chinese ports, supporting the efforts of American Marines to protect Allied lives and stabilize the Chinese situation. While at Qingdao on 20 February 1946, upon receiving a distress signal from a sinking merchantmen, she succeeded in rescuing 13 survivors. Bole departed on 5 March for San Francisco and, after stopping at Guam and Pearl Harbor, arrived on 27 March 1946.

Following a long repair period to prepare her for peacetime service, the destroyer arrived San Diego on 10 April 1947 to begin a regular schedule of training maneuvers and cruises for Naval Reservists. She continued to operate on the West Coast, with occasional visits to Hawaii, through 1949.

Korean War
With the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950, John A. Bole began intensive preparations for combat service. Sailing from San Diego on 30 September, she steamed via Japan to join Task Force 77 off the Korean coast. With the amphibious assault on Inchon on 15 September, an end run made possible by control of the sea, the tide of the ground war rapidly reversed. The Communist forces far to the south collapsed. John A. Bole shifted from amphibious attack to fire support of advancing UN troops. She then screened carriers during the air operations, helping to support both battle-line air strikes and interdiction of northern supply lines. On 11 April 1951, John A. Bole was stationed near the coast of mainland China, three miles off Swatow, China, on the orders of General Douglas MacArthur, in an unsuccessful attempt by him to provoke China into a war with the United States. Armed Chinese junks surrounded the ship, but in the meantime, MacArthur was relieved and the ship was moved away from its "sitting duck" role off the Chinese harbor. John A. Bole also steamed with support convoys into Inchon before returning to San Diego in mid-June 1951.

The ship was underway again for Korea on 3 January 1952. Upon arrival she helped maintain the pressure on Communist troops in the stalemated land war by screening carriers during air attacks. Bole also took part in shore bombardment along both the east and west coasts of North Korea, operating with British and Dutch ships. The ship moved to the Formosa Straits for patrol duty designed to deter Chinese Communist aggression there, finally returning to San Diego on 11 July 1952.

Following a yard period in which she added 3-inch rapid fire guns to her armament, John A. Bole departed on 21 February 1953 for her third Korean tour. During March she operated off the coast with Saint Paul, and sailed on 10 April for the Formosa Straits to resume patrol duty. Then after returning to Korean waters, the destroyer sailed on 1 June to Wonsan harbor for six days dueling with shore batteries while protecting the allied-held offshore islands. She then screened the battleship USS New Jersey (BB-62) before the Korean armistice on 27 July 1953, after which she returned to Japan. Escort duty with the carrier USS Princeton (CVL-23) closed her cruise, and John A. Bole arrived San Diego on 22 September 1953.

1954-1967 (Cold War, Formosa Patrol, Vietnam)
The destroyer returned to the Far East again in 1954, taking part in the continuing Formosa Patrol and in amphibious training exercises. She sailed from San Diego on 20 April and returned 17 October, adding carrier operations in the South China Sea and antisubmarine warfare exercises off Okinawa to her busy schedule. In 1955 and again in 1956 she spent six-month periods in these familiar waters, training and showing graphically the value of seapower to the security of the United States and her allies.

John A. Bole sailed on 29 July 1957 for the Western Pacific, this time visiting Pago Pago; Auckland, New Zealand; and Manus en route to Japan. She took part in carrier operations with USS Bon Homme Richard (CV-31) and in December again steamed Formosa Strait. The ship returned to San Diego on 8 January 1958 and took part in exercises off California until July. John A. Bole again sailed westward on 23 August 1958, this time amid mounting chaos from revolt in Indonesia and growing trouble in southeast Asia. She operated in the Philippines and on Formosa Patrol, helping to stabilize affairs in this strategic region, returning to San Diego on 16 February 1959.

The destroyer made still another cruise to the Far East 1959–60, sailing on 30 October. She operated with the 7th Fleet's hunter-killer force off Okinawa during November and December, arriving Formosa on 4 January 1960 for patrol duty. She returned to San Diego on 12 March 1960. In June, John A. Bole served as an air-sea rescue station ship for President Dwight D. Eisenhower's flight across the Pacific, and during the summer she embarked NROTC Midshipmen for training. In October she was assigned to a hunter-killer group built around USS Kearsarge (CV-33), and after training, departed on 4 March 1961 for the Far East. The ships carried out further training, this time with Canadian ships out of Pearl Harbor, but with a worsening of the Laos situation, steamed to Subic Bay to bolster Navy strength and deter more serious trouble. Hunter-killer operations continued until September, and John A. Bole returned to California via the northern great-circle route to help gather hydrographic data, arriving her home port on 18 September.

John A. Bole entered San Francisco Naval Shipyard in late 1961 to undergo a major Fleet-Rehabilitation-and-Modernization overhaul, designed to equip her with the latest equipment and lengthen her active service life several years. Emerging in July 1962, she took part in training operations for the remainder of the year, interrupted by several weeks of alert at sea during the Cuban Missile Crisis in October. During the first few months of 1963, she operated out of San Diego, sailing 1 April 1963 for Pearl Harbor and the Western Pacific. This cruise helped to maintain the vital American presence in the Far East, and she returned to San Diego on 3 December 1963. In the first half of 1964, she was engaged in antisubmarine operations, including tests of her new DASH. John A. Bole sailed 23 October 1964 for the Western Pacific with a group composed of USS Yorktown (CV-10) and other destroyers. After maneuvers in Hawaiian waters, she reported to Commander 7th Fleet on 2 January 1965 to resume peacekeeping operations in the troubled region. During the deployment, the destroyer operated with a carrier task group and an ASW hunter-killer group, then patrolled Taiwan Straits. From 9–25 February, she operated off Vietnam.

Returning to San Diego on 24 May, the destroyer entered Hunter's Point Naval Shipyard late in June for overhaul and stayed there through the remaining summer. She operated out of San Diego until sailing on 22 March 1966 for the Far East. On 18 April, she began naval gunfire support duties off Vietnam which continued until she began plane guard patrol at Yankee Station on 4 May. On 8 May, the destroyer sailed to Japan for repairs but was back at Yankee Station on the 25th. But for brief runs to Hong Kong and Subic Bay, Bole remained in the war zone until 27 July, when she headed for Taiwan. She visited Malaysia before heading home via Subic Bay, Guam, and Pearl Harbor, arriving San Diego on 24 September. She operated out of home port for the remainder of the year, and in 1967 prepared for future action.

1967-1970 (Vietnam)
John A. Bole departed San Diego for a Westpac cruise on 28 December 1967. Arriving in the Hawaiian Islands on 13 January 1968, John A. Bole got underway on 14 January and operated in the Hawaiian Operating Areas, conducting training qualifications exercises before departing en route to Yokosuka, Japan on 19 January. On 26 January, news of the capture of USS Pueblo (AGER-2) by North Korea was received and Bole was diverted to the Sea of Japan for contingency operations as part of Operation Formation Star. The destroyer operated in the Sea of Japan maintaining Surface Action Unit (SAU) stations through heavy seas, cold, ice and snow. On 12 February John A. Bole conducted a Search and Rescue (SAR) effort to a South Korean fishing vessel in distress. After transferring food and water, the destroyer took the vessel in tow and proceeded to Po-Hang, South Korea where the tow was transferred to a Republic of Korea (ROK) naval vessel on 13 February. Bole then proceeded to plane guard station for USS Yorktown (CV-10) en route to Yankee Station in the Gulf of Tonkin. While operating in the Gulf of Tonkin on 25 March, the destroyer conducted an alongside submarine replenishment (SUBREP) for USS Sterlett (SS-393). On 30 March, John A. Bole departed the Gulf of Tonkin for its first, 10-day port visit of the deployment and destroyer tender availability with USS Samuel Gompers (AD-17) in Kaohsiung, Taiwan (3–13 April). On 13 April John A. Bole departed Kaohsiung for II Corps, Republic of Vietnam, arriving 15 April in Qui Nhon harbor and relieved USS Henderson (DD-785) of Naval Gunfire Support (NGFS duties). The destroyer conducted NGFS in II Corps through 23 April and departed for Hong Kong. John A. Bole arrived in Hong Kong 25 April for a port visit. The warship departed Hong Kong 30 April for Yankee Station plane guard duties. On 5 May John A. Bole rendezvoused with USS Yorktown (CV-10) and assumed plane guard duties. On 6–9 May the destroyer operated with USS Ticonderoga (CV-14) for plane guard. From 10 to 13 May the destroyer conducted plane guard duties for USS Enterprise (CVN-65); from 13 to 16 May for USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63); 16–19 May for Enterprise; 19-120 May for Kitty Hawk; and 20–24 May for Yorktown. On 24 May John A. Bole departed the Gulf of Tonkin en route to Singapore, crossing the equator on 28 May and arriving at HM Royal Dockyard Singapore on 29 May. On 2 June, the ship's mascot, Ensign Chiko, a monkey, joined the crew. On 3 June the destroyer departed Singapore for II Corps Republic of Vietnam. On 5 June John A. Bole arrived at II Corps and relieved USS Mansfield (DD-728) of NGFS duties. The destroyer was relieved of NGFS duties by USS Picking (DD-685) and detached en route to Sasebo, Japan. On 16 June John A. Bole rendezvoused with Yorktown and commenced plane guard duties en route to Sasebo arriving at the US Naval Station on 19 June. On 21 the destroyer departed Sasebo en route to home port of San Diego arriving there on 5 July and mooring at the US Naval Station completing the Westpac deployment. The warship remained in San Diego, operating in the SOCAL OPAREAS until departing for Hunters Point, San Francisco for a three-month Regular Overhaul. John A. Bole remained in the yard until late December, returning to San Diego in time for the holidays.

On her last cruise in 1970, John A. Bole participated with Destroyer Squadron 21 in Naval Gunfire Support operations off the coast of Vietnam and also as a unit of the fast carrier attack group at Yankee Station. The destroyer left San Diego for her final Westpac cruise on 5 January 1970. On 2 February, the destroyer joined the USS Ranger (CVA-61) task group (TG 77.6) in the South China Sea. From 6 to 19 February, John A. Bole conducted plane guard duties and screened Ranger in the Tonkin Gulf at Yankee Station. From 21 to 26 February the destroyer visited Hong Kong. From 3 to 15 March the ship provided naval gunfire support off the coast of South Vietnam. John A. Bole's gunfire support missions were in both NGFS Corp Area I and II (including numerous missions off the mouth of the Cua Viet River). On 16 March, the destroyer returned to the Ranger task group at Yankee Station. On 21 March the Ranger group sailed to Sasebo arriving 24 March. The destroyer remained in Sasebo until 12 April when she returned to Yankee Station with Ranger. John A. Bole remained at Yankee Station until 24 April. From 24 April to 3 May the destroyer returned to providing naval gunfire support off the coast of South Vietnam. The vesselʼs gunfire support missions were again in both NGFS Corp Area I and II. From 5 to 12 May John A. Bole made another port call to Hong Kong. On 15 May, the destroyer joined the USS Shangri-La (CV-38) task group (TG77.4) at Yankee Station. John A. Bole stayed with the Shangri-La task group until 28 May when she sailed to Subic Bay for her first stop before returning to the United States. On 28 June the destroyer returned to her homeport Naval Station San Diego.

On 30 July, John A. Bole moved from the Naval Station San Diego to the San Diego Navy Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility (NISMF) for decommissioning preparation. The crew moved off the ship to a nearby berthing barge. On 1 October, the destroyer was moved from the NISMF back to the Naval Station San Diego (Pier 2). On 6 October 1970 (1003 Hours), John A. Bole was decommissioned at the Naval Station San Diego.

John A. Bole was struck 1 February 1974. She was transferred to Taiwan 6 May 1974 and cannibalized for spare parts.

Awards
John A. Bole received one battle star for World War II service and seven for Korean service. She was also the recipient of the Gold A for excellence in Anti-Submarine Warfare, and her fictionalized crew continue to serve in various Navy training curricula.

title: USS John A. Bole


text: User talk:81.158.254.87

title: User talk:81.158.254.87


text:
Snow White (disambiguation)

Snow White is a popular fairy tale.

Snow White or Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs may also refer to:

Films

 * Snow White (1902 film), a silent film
 * Snow White (1916 film), a Players-Lasky Corporation silent film
 * Snow White (1933 film), a Betty Boop cartoon from Fleischer Studios
 * Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film), a feature animated film produced by Walt Disney
 * Snow White (Disney character)
 * Snow White (franchise)
 * Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1955 film), a German film by Erich Kobler
 * Snow White and the Three Stooges, a 1961 film starring Patricia Medina and Carol Heiss
 * Snow White (1962 film), an East German film
 * Snow White (1987 film), a musical starring Diana Rigg, Billy Barty, Nicola Stapleton and Sarah Patterson
 * Snow White: Happily Ever After, an unofficial sequel animated film based on the original fairy tale
 * Snow White: A Tale of Terror, a 1997 TV horror film starring Sigourney Weaver, Taryn Davis, Monica Keena and Sam Neill
 * Snow White: The Fairest of Them All, a 2001 TV fantasy-adventure film starring Kristin Kreuk and Miranda Richardson
 * Snow White: The Sequel (Blanche-Neige, la suite), a 2007 animated feature-length film
 * Snow White and the Huntsman, a 2012 fantasy-action film starring Kristen Stewart and Charlize Theron
 * Snow White: A Deadly Summer, a 2012 horror film
 * Grimm's Snow White, a 2012 fantasy film
 * Snow White (Once Upon a Time) (also known as Mary Margaret Blanchard), a character from the ABC television series Once Upon a Time
 * Snow White (Shrek), a character in the Shrek film series
 * Snow White, a fictional device in the 2006 film Déjà Vu
 * Snow White and the Evil Queen, an upcoming American fantasy film
 * Snow White (2025 film), an upcoming live-action musical film

Literature

 * Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (book), a 1938 book by Wanda Gág
 * Snow White (1967 novel), a novel by Donald Barthelme
 * Snow White (Fables), a fictional character in the comic book Fables
 * Snow-White and Rose-Red, a German fairy tale
 * "Snow-White-Fire-Red", an Italian fairy tale
 * Varda or Snow-white, a fictional deity in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium

Music

 * Snow White (album), a 2005 album by Magic Dirt
 * Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (soundtrack), a soundtrack album from the 1937 film
 * "Snow White", a song by Christina Grimmie from Side A
 * "Snow White", a song by Streetheart
 * Snowhite, original band name of the American metal band Znowhite

Stage productions

 * Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (libretto by Adelheid Wette)
 * Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1912 play), a Broadway play
 * Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (musical), a 1979 musical based on the 1937 film
 * Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (ballet), a ballet performed by the Placer Theatre Ballet

Television

 * "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs", an episode of Faerie Tale Theatre
 * "Rugrats Tales from the Crib: Snow White", an episode of Rugrats

Other uses

 * Snow White (horse), a champion standardbred racing horse
 * Snow White design language, an industrial design language used by Apple Computer
 * Operation Snow White, a 1970s government-infiltration and information-suppression effort by the Church of Scientology
 * 225088 Gonggong or Snow White, a trans-Neptunian object
 * Hallard White or Snow White, a former All Black and Presidents of Auckland and New Zealand Unions
 * Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs (video game), a 2006 game for the PlayStation 2
 * Snow White Sugar, a brand of sugar produced by Hacienda Mercedita in Puerto Rico
 * Snövit Hedstierna, a Swedish-born film director, visual artist, performance artist

title: Snow White (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Snow White (disambiguation)

Not NPOV
Unusual to see NPOV issues on a disambiguation page, but look at the entry for Operation Snow White. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Igodard (talk • contribs) 17:03, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

Requested move

 * What links here suggests that the movie article should be the primary meaning. Georgia guy 22:42, 9 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose -- Snow White is at least as important. Swapping this article here and Snow White (disambiguation) would be okay, though. Kusma (討論) 23:25, 9 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose If anyone who intends to go to the film article gets here, it's only one click away. And this page gives links to the other articles. This is as it should be --Janke | Talk 09:40, 10 December 2005 (UTC).
 * Oppose. As it should be.  Gene Nygaard 17:36, 10 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I think that this page should be moved to Snow White (disambiguation) and then redirect Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs to Snow White.—jiy (talk) 19:18, 10 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I think that's what I wanted to say. Seems to be the best option. Kusma (討論) 19:46, 10 December 2005 (UTC)
 * OPPOSE why would the film be most prevalent? The fairy tale should be more widely known. 132.205.45.148 22:04, 12 December 2005 (UTC)
 * The fairy tale, IMO, is known primarily as simply Snow White. Georgia guy 22:41, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

Result
It was requested that this article be renamed but there was no consensus for it to be moved.

(request was to move from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs to Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (disambiguation)) WhiteNight T 17:28, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

Snow White (disambiguation) redirect
Snow White (disambiguation) links here, which worked fine before the addition of Snow White design language. The way I see it there are two options: From my point of view the first option is the intuitive and uncomplicated one. I'm gonna go with that unless there are other opinions? Arru 18:20, 5 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Swap the redirect and disambiguation (move)
 * Reinstate Snow White (disambiguation) and link here for all other definitions

OK I'm a total newbie, I see now that there seems to be pretty good support for this proposed move above. Arru 23:21, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Snow White (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Liriope (plant)

Untitled
Is Lilyturf really the common name for Liriope? I've never come across the name in British English or in my life, till I came across Wikipedia. And I have grown, bought, and planted the thing in bulk many times. While we cannot put that much faith in google searches, Liriope turns up many more results. It is also more specific, the term lilyturf seems to be applied to Ophiopogon as well.

I therefore propose that this article be renamed to Liriope.

Imc 21:01, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Translation into Chinese Wikipedia
The [16:20, 14 April 2007 68.154.48.138 version of this article is translated into [[zh:山麥冬屬|chinese Wikipedia]].--Philopp 11:32, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

Pronunciation
While somewhat interesting, the section on pronunciation is not really appropriate to a botanical entry. The standard for pronouncing Latin names is pretty well established - it should be close to modern Italian. There is a system called 'reformed academic' for Latin as a language, but for botanical Latin Stearn, Botanical Latin, Chapter 4, is the usual authority. The mispronunciations of Georgia gardeners might be interesting, but not relevant! To set the record straight, the pronunciation assigned in this article to British gardeners is the correct one, and would be used universally by botanists.

I suggest this section be removed, (or its equivalent added to every other botanical entry!) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A01:CB1D:2E:3500:40B6:629E:C800:7659 (talk) 17:22, 9 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Liriope (plant)


text: User talk:CyberCoder

title: User talk:CyberCoder