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Talk:Reed College/Archive 1

General
Feb 23, 2004 -- If someone wants to add to the article about Reed "culture", I think that would be interesting and helpful, as long as it dates itself to an era. Post-WWII Reed was different than 1960s Reed, etc. Students and alums forget that there wasn't always a Renn Fayre, that drug use at Reed has its own arc, and that political radicalism has gone in and out more times one can count.

I just tired to put the article in a slightly more neutral voice, but some "color" wouldn't hurt, properly labelled. -- gnetwerker

Drug Use
While Reed College officially tries very hard to deny the reputation of recreational drug use, IMHO the phenomenon is still very much alive and well. I've spoken to several Reedies who were contemporaneous to my own tenure there who reported frequently using heroin, as well as marijuana and various psychadelics. While it would be unfair to say that all students are drug users (I myself certainly was not), the fact remains that most students and many outsiders (Cleevies, anyone?) see Reed as a place where such drug use is generally accepted. The Glo Opera, for example, is generally considered to be a perfect venue for use of LSD, psilocybin, or "candy-flipping", the use of psilocybin (mushrooms) and MDMA (ecstasy) together. In my experience drugs, especially marijuana and alcohol, were exceedingly common, very well accepted, not stigmatized, and as far as I was able to tell, not problematic. -- variable (Class of '02).
 * Well, I think it's hard to clarify Reed and drugs. I highly doubt that there are more drugs at Reed than anywhere else, it's simply that no one really cares.  Drugs are generally considered as much a part of dorm life as sports.  But then again we don't care about sports that much.  I guess I would avoid saying things like "exceedingly common" or "drug culture".  I like using the phrases "not stigmatized" and "not problematic".
 * Oh, I guess pot is the exception. The only people I can think of who didn't use pot at the occasional social gathering were the nerds.  But then, can we even count pot? ;) --Sean Kelly '04 01:24, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Drugs have been a fixture at Reed since the 1960s. When I was at Reed (1970s) they were also much in evidence. There are, however, two questions -- one is whether Reed's drug status or situation was much different from other institutions, and the other is what Reed's reputation is, or has become. There is no question that Reed gain a reputation in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s for either higher-than-usual drug use or a more laissez-faire administrative attitude toward drug use. At this point in time, however, both the actuality of Reed drug use has changed (by and large it has come into line with similar institutions), and the administrative response has changed: while continuing to very internal, it is much less laissez-faire, and more treatment-oriented. These are facts, and I don't think it is NPOV to trumpet what has become part of the Reed myth without identifying it as such. gnetwerker -- Dec 22, 2004.

While the administrative attitude has possibly become less "laissez-faire" about drug use and attempted to curb it (particularly embodied by the ham-fisted Peter Steinberger), its effectiveness is something I would strongly question. What's in contention here is not whether it's POV to trumpet the Reed myth, but whether it's simply inaccurate (or possibly just POV itself) to include such things as in particular the following line from the article: "the basis for the drug use image is now largely historic, if it was ever true." This reads like an attempt to smooth over what many people have levelled as a criticism of the college rather than any sort of NPOV characterization. --variable

 * The statement "if it was ever true" points at the position of many Reedies from the 60s, 70s, and 80s who don't believe that drug-use was more pervasive at Reed than elsewhere, simply more open. If you have sources to the contrary, please mention them.  However, I don't think that current students necessarily have the perspective to comment on the arc of Reed myth over the decades. --gnetwerker 12/23/04

 * I would counter, naturally, that those who haven't been at the University for 30 years lack the present knowledge to comment in the same vein. Variable 23:34, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, for one thing, it's a college, not a university. Secondly, commentators here include active alumni, faculty, administration, and others with day-to-day knowledge as well as perspective. Gnetwerker - 12/29/04

 * "University" and "college" mean effectively the same thing in the United States. And the point is, the only voice I'm hearing is yours, and if you are attempting to invalidate my opinion, I must simply point out that the same restriction applies to you, as well. variable 03:30, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I beg to differ. In the US, a university normally includes, at a minimum, graduate programs.  MALS notwithstanding, Reed does not.  I'm also not sure what "restriction you refer to, but I will posit that I fall into the category of those with an up-to-date knowledge of Reed, as well as one with a knowledge from the 1970s and 1980s.  Gnetwerker 07:28, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Differ as you please. The restriction refers to the fact that the response to my objection amounted to saying "You don't know Old Reed", to which I had to reply that since you had stated that you were there in the seventies that it's just as valid to say "You don't know New Reed."  I'm still waiting for some sort of response to the objection itself.variable 19:57, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * If the objection is whether Reed's rep for drug use is deserved, then the drug survey that was done two years ago and the update to it that was reported at the beginning of the 04/05 year show that Reed's use is not substantially out of line with similar institutions. If the objection is that the article 'reads like an attempt to smooth over what many people have levelled as a criticism of the college', then please suggest a rewording.  Current Reedies tend to wear the drug use thing as a badge of honor, so it goes unquestioned whether it is now or has ever been correct. -- Gnetwerker 00:08, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I deleted this parenthetical comment:
 * (Student note: the basis for the visage of heavy recreational drug use at Reed College, although considered historical or even that of a facade, is heavily rooted in the experience of experience. The Reed Students who built the image are heavily into the joys of psychotropically influenced armchair philosophy.  "Don't knock it 'til you rock it" or so they say.)

as it seems out of character with the overall entry. Discuss. - Gnetwerker 07:52, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)

I deleted the following comment:
 * Or so the School officials desperately want the federal government to believe. In 1999 Reed ranked third in cannabis consuption in the Princeton Revue. At least when it comes to cannabis the trend remains.

as it is sourced in an out-dated article, itself sourced in even more out-of-date material. Certainly an NPOV para could be written on this, but this isn't it. For what it's worth, Reed's measured (as opposed to reported) drug use is about average for similar institutions, and binge drinking has recently emerged as a bigger problem than drugs (as reported in the internal survey circulated this month within the College). -- Gnetwerker 05:45, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Hum Workload

 * Yeah, who the hell wrote that paragraph? It's poorly written and misleading.  I personally don't remember being assigned 500 pages per week in Hum.  I say strike it.--Sean Kelly 01:10, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * The comment was the contention of a current student who divided the total pages in the Hum 110 syllabus by the number of weeks in the first semester. Please correct if not true. -- gnetwerker 12/23/04
 * I question their methods. You can't count the Iliad because the bulk of the reading is done (theoretically) before the first day of class.  I also wonder if they included recommended reading.  But I can't replace it with an accurate number of my own, so I guess I should just shut it (C: --Sean Kelly 02:57, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Even if we include the Iliad, which as I recall is about 200 or 300 pages, it is impossible for such a calculation to be true, because, as I said in my edit summary, there were only a scattering of weeks where the reading exceeded 200 pages. I recall that the Friday Herodotus reading was somewhere between 150 and 250 pages, the Thucydides reading probably similar to this, as well as the Josephus reading in the second semester.  If necessary, I will provide a syllabus; it is ridiculous for some anonymous student's false claim to be suggested as near-fact in this article. --130.10.40.22 2/28/05

(De-tabbed) OK, I did the analysis. Using the syllabus located at http://academic.reed.edu/Humanities/Hum110/syllabi/04-05/fall05syllabus.html and searching for each book on Amazon.com and adding the reported number of pages, the total is 7213 pages. In the same section of the Reed websites, there are 12 Hum lectures scheduled during the Fall semester, so one can reasonably assume that the class is roughly 12 weeks long. This translates to 601 pages per week. Now, you can complain about this all you want: the page count includes pages not normaly read -- indices, tables of contents, etc; the class is really longer than 12 weeks; the recommended reading is included (three texts, not the reference works). Also I used the number of pages from the photocopied conference handout book from my era (mid 1970s), which may no longer be accurate. But if you deduct 10% for unreadable pages and stretch the semester length to 16 weeks (it is nowhere near that long), you still get 405 pages/week. It seems to me (I didn't come up with this statistic to begin with), that 500 pages/week is a defensible number. I have reverted it. Gnetwerker 01:05, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * It's far more lopsided than that. Take week seven, where students only have to read The Oresteia and Antigone.  Ample spacing is used for plays, so that would be a quick read, definitely under 200 pages, and no more than a couple hours per book.  On the other hand, the syllabus says that students have to read Thucydides, which comes in at over 600 pages, in a week.  Now, I remember Thucydides, and I remember wanting to shoot myself while trying to read it.  There was no way in hell I was going to sit down and read the entire thing, so I skimmed most of it, and only read the famous speeches.  In fact, as I seem to recall, that was what our professor recommended doing.  --Sean Kelly 16:26, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Oh, and by the way, if you want to argue this, get an login here and become accountable. Once you have made a significant contribution beyond this one issue, you opinion will count for more. -- Gnetwerker 01:09, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I have made other contributions in the past under the name of Arsene, but had not returned to Wikipedia in a while before working on this article. At any rate, I don't see how contribution history has anything to do with the accuracy of the article, and I don't see why this issue is yours to judge.  As far as your calculation goes, it is likely that it is extremely inaccurate, considering that only portions of some Humanities 110 books are read.  In the near future I will obtain a recent syllabus and calculate the actual number of pages, so that this inaccuracy may be removed once and for all.  --130.10.40.22 3/4/05
 * The reason for a handle is to demonstrate over time a responsible stewardship of the document and a willingness to cooperate with other editors and contributors, rather than being a one-note samba POV-weilding interloper who comes in, makes a bunch of changes without discussing them first, then disappears again, acting only slightly more responsibly than an outright vandal. -- Gnetwerker 01:33, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * All right, I assumed at first that you had simply added all the pages from all the books read, since you suggested that indices and tables of contents might be subtracted. I think I will still go through this when I have a chance, however.  --130.10.40.22 3/4/05

 * I did add all the pages from all the books, because there are no sections or partial page numbers listed in the syllabus. I am willing to admit that the number is inaccurate.  Just because I didn't know to avoid reading the catalog of ships in the Iliad, the entirety of the mind-numbing Pelopennesian Wars, or the Odyssey (which is now only recommended) doesn't mean that every student reads 7000 pages in 14 weeks.  The parenthetical comment, including the word reputed, is intended as a rhetorical emphasis of something that frequently surprises new students at Reed -- the reading load.  If a more accurate number is known, then "500 pages" should be replaced, though the statement "a reputed 200-300 but occasionally 600 pages a week except for students who skim the material or outright skip parts but averages 279.78 pages per seven-day period" doesn't have quite the same rhetorical flair. - Gnetwerker 01:33, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * But that's just it though... one is accurate, and one is rhetorical. This isn't a guide book, it's an encyclopedia entry.  That's why I think the whole sentence should just be replaced with "a heavy workload".

PhD Productivity Debate
This article reads more like a recruitment brochure than an encyclopedia written with an eye towards neutral-point-of-view.

"nice, quiet", "well-known" and other glowing phrases. I've heard great things about Reed, true, and know or know of a few alumni, but even so.

As for high-proportions of Ph.D.'s, I believe this is generally true of small liberal arts colleges.

http://www.lawrence.edu/news/pubs/steitz.shtml

As with all liberal arts colleges, one might question whether they do so well (assuming that production of Ph.D.s can be defined as "doing well") because of value-add unique to any college, or because they tend to draw from a more select pool, academically and economically.

This is all true (the article wasn't NPOV), although Reed does have an unusually high percentage of people who go on to get Ph.D.'s--that is represented as a statistical fact by their literature, anyway. --LMS

From Steitz's article: "small colleges produce about twice as many students who go on to obtain a Ph.D. in science than do large, distinguished research universities."

So, is Reed unusual compared with other liberal arts colleges in this regard, or just compared with other bachelor's granting institutions?

Yes, according to their literature, compared to other liberal arts colleges. Compared to all institutions, actually. Have a look: http://www.reed.edu. --LMS

Thanks, but I'll wait for a more specific link, rather than dig through more sales pitch. --JoeAnderson

I'm not going to make time to find you a more specific link, Joe! :-) --LMS

 * Whatever.

Feb 23, 2004 - I added specific PhD statistics - also available here: http://web.reed.edu/ir/phd.html I hope this will put the argument to rest (hah!) -- gnetwerker

Removed Larry Sanger?
What's your justification for removing the Larry Sanger mention from the Reed College alumni list? Matt gies 01:43, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Avoid self-references Also, he's not famous notable. Anthony DiPierro 01:47, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * He may not be world-famous, but he's certainly "notable". And it wasn't an extensive discussion of Wikipedia itself; only a brief mention of why he's notable. We wouldn't put a mention of him on just any page, but in a page listing notable alumni of his alma mater it only makes sense that he should be mentioned and linked. He's clearly more notable than some other people on the list, since some don't even have wiki pages yet. I think perhaps we should move this dialog to the RC talk page to get a consensus on what should happen; because I'm still not convinced that he should be removed (but admittedly I'm not exactly speaking from an NPOV here, what with being a future alumnus myself). Matt gies 02:11, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * He doesn't have a wiki page either. The link went to his user page.  If someone creates a page for him then you can add it back.  But as it was it was nothing more than a link into the meta namespace. Anthony DiPierro 03:07, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Notable Alumni
Some anon added these:

 * Sumner Stone (noted type designer)
 * Kris Holmes (noted type designer)
 * Charles Bigelow (noted type designer)

I removed them, until someone wants to defend the addition, and note when they attended. gnetwerker - 1/1/05

Who the Heck Wants to be Harvard?
First off, I like the article and appreciate the effort put into it. But I hate hate hate the Harvard line:

Originally imagined as "the Harvard of the West", Reed College has become one of the nation's pre-eminent institutions of the liberal arts and sciences.

I'd prefer if this was replaced with more discussion of Reed's grading, high standards. curriculum or some similar topic (and I'm willing to do it myself, I just don't want to edit out someone's hard work before talking to them about it). Does Reed want to be Harvard? Absolutely not! As a Reed graduate I'm offended by the mere implication. I wouldn't want to associate myself with that crowd. I've also never seen this comment anywhere else. Regardless of its truth, I'm not sure how much it tells about present day Reed, or even how good a picture if gives of Reed's founding.

What's more, if you go to Michigan's page or (at least last I checked) Stanford's page or Chicago's page you will see the same "Harvard of the..." line. So it's repetitive; every school seems to want you to know that it considers itself just as good as Harvard. Who cares? Let's talk more about what Reed is and not worry about comparing it to the intellectually vacuous.

 * By all means, please add more discussion on Reed's grading, high standards, curriculum, etc. That would be great.  Just add it in, without replacing the "Harvard of the West" line, and thank's for doing it.  As for removing the "Harvard of the West" line - that would be fine by me, esspecially if it is also used by many other collages.  If anyone else has strong feelings on it, speak up. JesseW 06:51, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The phrase occurs in some of Reed's founding documents. That made me think it was relevant when I added it originally. It is not some lately-applied affirmation. In fact, Reed is very substantially not Harvard-like, which is why the original idea is somewhat interesting (IMHO). -- Gnetwerker 12/1/04

The only other college to sucessfully use an Honor Principle is West Point?
Please provide a citation for the claim that the only other college to sucessfully use an Honor Principle is West Point. AFAIK, many colleges have an honor principle, although few use it as much as Reed College. It would be good to clarify this. JesseW 23:02, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * It's been clarified(I shortened the clarification for readability), but a source would still be very good. JesseW 03:59, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

A-Block riot proof?
I haven't heard anything like this, and lived there... could someone provide a source (online or otherwise) that makes this claim. Also, the hallways are no narrower than in ODB. James 19:59, August 14, 2005 (UTC)

I have been known to describe the architectural style of Mac-F-S as "riot nouveau", a term I have heard that is used only sarcastically. There are examples of early 1970s buildings at the University of Michigan, UC Berkeley, and elsewhere that were more specifically designed to be "defensible" through the inclusion of tall, narrow "gun-slit" windows, a narrow pedestal ground floor without windows and with limited entrances/exits, and certain other security features. MacNaughton and Foster-Scholz, however, not only do not fall into that model, except in their general ugliness, but they predate the era in which these features were considered for college campuses. There was recently an architectural survey done by the College, so the business about the architect having designed prisons should be easy to check (I believe it to be false), but the "riot-proof" description should be deleted ASAP, IMHO. -- Gnetwerker 00:34, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I believe the "built to be riot proof" notion in regard to college dorms or other buildings is a but of urban legend (see snopes.com which lists numerous college buildings around the country that attribute ugly or inhuman architecture to an architect's desire to make the building "riot-proof." In most cases, it was just an attempt at design with small or minimal windows for a variety of reasons, the most common being energy conservation.24.60.184.196 22:53, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

I spoke with Paul Falsetto, architect with Fletcher Farr Ayotte and author of the Reed College "Heritage Master Plan" (I can post his phone number if I'm not believed). The Heritage Master Plan is an in-depth examination of the history of all the campus buildings (and a wealth of information that, if I were a more energetic person, I would write up for the wikipedia). He categorically states that the architects of McNaughton and Foster-Scholz (which were built in 1954 and 1955, respectively) was not a prison architect. I have removed the offending section. -- Gnetwerker 07:42, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

Other Commentary
Isn't the griffin the mascot of Reed College?
 * Kind of, but as far as I know, nobody calls the sports teams the "Reed Griffins." So even if it's an emblematic mascot, it's not an official or practically used one.  -Anakolouthon
 * I've seen the costume. It exists in the sb president's office.
 * The official mascot of Reed College is the griffin (Some people insist on spelling it Gryphon, but I ignore them), since it is taken from the family seal of founder Simeon Reed. The griffin is featured on all college paraphenalia, and most people I know will recognize it as the school mascot.  The fact that the sports teams are not named the "Griffins" is because (1) No one ever cared enough to actually name the teams (or perhaps remember), and (2) Reedies' rebellious natures dictate that they come up with a better name for their teams: the frisbee team is named "Berserker" for example. Sean Kelly 16:40, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

My source for the official mascot and official school color come is the Reed Archives. Sean Kelly 17:42, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

That's a great source. Please add the school color stuff to the article. JesseW 18:00, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I just saw the Co-op house addition to the article. At first I was going to delete or reduce it, because it seems out of character with the article, too big for the topic, etc. However, it is an honest attempt to add info, so I thought I would introduce the topic here first. Should the section stay? Stay the same size? Include transitory trivia like food descriptions, etc? Enquiring minds want to know. -- Gnetwerker 06:40, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * After substantial thought, I moved this onto its own page. The Co-op, while laudable, has not been around long in the sweep of Reed's history, and (IMHO) is of limited interest to those outside the college.  However, some clearly felt strongly enough to write it up, so I moved it out and retained the lead sentences and a link to the new page.  -- Gnetwerker 07:20, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

"It is a haven for intense intellectuals, idealists, and unkempt rich hippies."

Surely we can be more NPOV than this? The next sentence begins, "Traditionally it has a reputation for..." which seems a much more reasonable way of phrasing things.

"freshmen (who might insist on being called "first year students")"

As a Reed freshman, I've never heard anyone insist this, or even bring it up. Can somebody attest to this claim? leigh

As another "first year student" I also have never heard of this. I guess it was more of an issue in the 80's and 90's. User:JesseW

 * I've heard of other colleges at which "freshmen are officially "first year students" Wesleyan in CT is one of them. I know if is one of these schools or if Reed students "might insist" on it. 24.60.184.196 13:31, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

During my time in and around Reed (1988-1994), the phrase "first-year students" was understood to be more sensitive to female students than "freshman." It was, in fact, quite commonly used. But I don't believe I ever heard anyone insisting on being called a first-year student.

As to being a "haven for intense intellectuals, idealists, and unkempt rich hippies," at the time it certainly seemed like there were very few other places where one could find such a concentration of the above. Still, this line does more to reenforce the Reed myth, than give a neutral discription of the place. It was also a haven for nerds, stoners, LGBTs, wallflowers and diplomats' kids. And then there were the 3 suicides and 2 overdoses while I was there... so maybe the depressed and drug addicted should get a mention.

From my 1 semester expierence of Reed, I agree with the "fuller" description given above. I suggest it be added to the page. If no one objects in a few weeks, I might do it myself. ;-) User:JesseW

Straw Poll -- Peace or 'Color'?
This suggestion for a poll didn't get any traction, so I have moved it to the archive page (it was my poll, so I assume it is legit to move it). -- Gnetwerker 02:16, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

As I have noted below and elsewhere, this page is the frequent target of edit wars. As has just happened, someone -- often a disgruntled alumnus or unhappy current student -- comes onto this page and accuses it of being too positive to Reed, and therefore POV. It is true that the Reed page has historically (if anything about Wikipedia can be called "historical") been full of various kinds of "color" absent in other college pages, and most of this information, while perhaps self-evident to a Reedie, is not sourced or inherently unverifiable. While (IMHO) it makes the page more relevatory concerning Reed, it also opens it up to edit wars about Reed's academic reputation, its "distinctiveness" (or lack thereof), and (most of all) its (Reputation for) drug use. So I propose this straw poll:

In comparing this old version of the current site: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reed_College&oldid=34921765 which we shall call "Colorful" and the more-or-less current one (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reed_College&oldid=35514054 to be sure it doesn't change) which we shall call "Rigorous", which direction do you suggest we go? -- Gnetwerker 07:46, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

Please place your votes here, signing your name with three tildes in a row:

 * Colorful

 * Rigorous

 * Either Way is Fine

 * Some Other Solution

 * Discussion Goes Here

Straw Poll -- Peace or 'Color'?
This suggestion for a poll didn't get any traction, so I have moved it to the archive page (it was my poll, so I assume it is legit to move it). -- Gnetwerker 02:14, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Sourcing
Since the page has been critized as "unsourced", I've started to pile together the sources I have for parts of the page. Most of these are not online references (though some of them probably could be). Most of this stuff seems too obvious to source (i.e. it is available on the website or in the catalog). The Reed oral History Project (http://web.reed.edu/alumni/oral_hist.html) has some good info. Alas, the ever-useful Reed College Compendium of Information, while a public document, is not provided in an online form.

 * History -- Sourced from Reed's website, historical documents available to the public at Reed
 * "well-earned reputation for anti-authoritarian leanings" -- needs sourcing, but few would dispute

 * Distinguishing features
 * "Reed is one of the most unusual institutions" -- needs formal sourcing, however see Burton Clark The Distinctive College: Grinnell, Reed, Antioch (1970); also Princeton Review, etc.
 * Hum 100/Thesis/etc -- source: Reed website, catalog
 * Reactor -- source: Reed Website
 * "a haven for intense intellectuals" - Pope quote, need add'l sourcing
 * "dedication to 'the life of the mind'" - Reed published materials
 * "Reed maintains a 10:1 student-to-faculty ratio" - Reed Compendium of Information (public document)
 * Sports -- Reed catalog
 * "Reed's ... teams have defeated teams from ... sports-centric schools" -- need source
 * Honor Principle -- Reed student handbook, other public documents
 * "one of the few colleges operating under an Honor Principle" -- subject of past discussion -- needs better source

 * Admissions and student demographics -- Reed Compendium of Information

 * Reed's reputation
 * Academic -- mostly already sourced in the text
 * Rhodes Scholars, etc -- see references in Talk pages, otherwise from Reed Compendium (also website)
 * "academic workload" -- see references in archived Talk pages

 * Social/political -- this section is mostly unsourced "color"

 * Drug use -- sourcing of Drug section is beginning (see discussion below) but historical information difficult/impossible to source

 * Campus - source: Reed Master Plan (public document), 2005 Reed Historical Buildings Review (public document)

Hope this helps -- Gnetwerker 08:41, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

For the curious, here is the (3-sentence) Reed page in the Columbia Encyclopedia: http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/r/reedc1oll.asp, and here is the Britannica Entry: http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9313173  -- Gnetwerker 08:54, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

Update: IronDuke has chosen, rather that attempt to contribute to sourcing any of the current article, to simply re-write it in the form he sees fit. This is fine, and may be an improvement (ultimately). However, this makes much of the above-list irrelevant. Nonetheless, additional sourcing is needed, so if you have verifiable sources, please note them here. -- Gnetwerker 07:30, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

2005 NPOV Debate
There are many (the most recent of whom needed to profess his/her alumni status) who think that NPOV means weasle-wording everthing. I reverted the change from "Reed is one of the most unusual ..." to "Reed is considered by some to be one of the most unusual". This is pointless and useless weasle-wording and diminishes the value of the entry and Wikipedia. No real encyclopedia feels the need to be mamby-pamby about everything it says. This would lead to statements such as "Some believe that the Earth is in fact round". If you were to poll 1000 people, of the perhaps 100 of them who have ever "considered" Reed at all, there would be a vast concensus -- not that it is "one of the best" or whatever -- but that it is unusual. It was featured in a book (I don't have the reference) titled "Three distinctive colleges". Whatever else it may or may not be, it is unusual, if only for being an undergraduate-only private liberal-arts college in the Pacific Northwest. Good grief. Not all statements are POV. -- Gnetwerker 18:55, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The claim about the the writer's own alumni status was in response to an attack by another writer that edits were made by someone with no knowledge of Reed. Obviously the writer was trying to show that he/she did have some knowledge of Reed. 24.60.184.196 13:35, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

--- Notes on my changes:
 * Golly, saying that it's in a quiet neighborhood doesn't reflect any bias at all. It's a pertinent fact about the place.
 * "Quiet", though subjective, is also descriptive and not especially troubling. "Nice" is more subjective than descriptive and definitely not NPOV.  Naming the neighborhood is good!  --DJA

 * If you MUST use a carriage return after every line, don't do it in the middle of a link. It breaks the link!  (This is what happened with the Middle Ages link.)
 * I know. Sorry.  I try to catch those. I find that lines that force me to scroll to the right to read a complete paragraph are very distracting.  (Remember, not everyone uses the same browser you do.)  Anyway, thanks for catching it. --DJA

 * Right, Reed might not be well-known for producing a lot of Rhodes Scholars, but unless their PR is just wrong, it produces an unusually high proportion of them. --LMS

 * Do you think we should be writing Wikipedia articles based on the subject's own PR? In the case of the Reed Rhodes Scholar issue, if it's valid, there should be neutral sources 24.60.184.196 13:31, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

The American Associaton of Rhodes Scholars (http://www.americanrhodes.org/) can verify that since its founding 31 Reed graduates have been selected as Rhodes Scholars. Among self-identified "liberal arts colleges" (see the Consortium of Liberal Arts Colleges - http://www.liberalarts.org/about/members.php), that is the highest ranking. A perusal of the Wikipedia page on the Rhodes Scholarship cites a New York Times source that would put Reed's number in the top 20 or so off all U.S. institutions. 32 American students are selected yearly. Don't be a rock-thrower. If you disagree, do your homework. -- Gnetwerker 08:18, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

This article has really undergone significant editing in recent weeks taking on a rather POV tone -- frequent use of Reed as "the most," "the best," etc. Can we try to bring this back to a more neutral POV? Also could people here please sign and date your posts using four tildes so it's easier to track who and, more importantly, when things were written? Thanks. 24.60.184.196 23:00, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * "Reed is one of the most unusual..." is extremely POV. According to whom? By what measures? A "real encyclopedia" would never state something like this without some substantiation.  The entire Reed article seems to have devolved into a POV commentary based on people's individual experiences of their times at Reed. 24.60.184.196 13:14, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Reed College/Archive 1


text:
File:Kyosuke Himuro - NEO FASCIO.jpg

Summary
This image is from

Fair use in Neo Fascio
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Kyosuke Himuro - NEO FASCIO.jpg


text:
Shih Choon Fong

Shih Choon Fong (born 1945) is a Singaporean college administrator and fracture mechanics expert who served as the founding president of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) between 2008 and 2013. Prior joining KAUST as its founding president, he was the president of the National University of Singapore (NUS) for nine years and has been widely acknowledged for creating the university's research-intensive focus with an entrepreneurial dimension, as well as for NUS' elevated global reputation. Drawing from his experiences abroad, Shih institutionalised a performance- and market-based evaluation and compensation system for academics.

Shih was a key driver for the formation of the International Alliance of Research Universities, and led the Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) for four years. He was the founding chair of the Governing Board of the APRU World Institute and served on national-level committees such as the Economic Review Committee, which crafted wide-ranging strategies for the re-making of Singapore.

Education
Shih graduated with a professional diploma in engineering from Singapore Polytechnic in 1966. He received his Master of Science and PhD in applied science from Harvard University.

Career
After completing his PhD, Shih became a Mathematical Analyst at the American Science and Engineering from 1969 to 1974. He was appointed as the Leader of Fracture Research Group at Corporate R&D Laboratory of General Electric from 1974 to 1981. He joined Brown University as Associate Professor in 1981. He became a full professor in 1986.

Shih joined the National University of Singapore and served as the Founding Director of the Institute of Materials Research and Engineering from 1996 to 1999. He later became the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (1997–2000) and Vice-Chancellor and President (2000 – Dec 2008) of NUS.

Shih was announced as the Founding President of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) on 13 January 2008. Shih fully assumed this new role on 1 December 2008. Leading KAUST in its formative years, Shih promoted the university as a destination of choice for graduate education and cutting-edge research, where the synergy between education and research catalyzes ideas and innovations to address global challenges and improve lives. Under his guidance KAUST has become internationally respected among the world's best faculty, said then-chairman of KAUST's Board of Trustees and Saudi Oil minister Ali I. Al-Naimi in a tribute on Shih's stepping down. Shih was succeeded by Caltech president Jean-Lou Chameau in July 2013.

Shih serves in advisory roles and visiting committees with University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University, SUSTech, American University of Sharjah, and MIT. He served on the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering Judging Panel from 2012 to 2017.

Awards
Shih is among the highly cited researchers in the world for the category of engineering compiled by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI).

In 2004, Shih became the first Singaporean to be elected as a Foreign Associate to the United States National Academy of Engineering. He was elected for the development of innovative computational methods in nonlinear fracture mechanics and for international leadership in engineering.

He was awarded the French decoration "Chevalier" in the Order of the "Legion d'Honneur" in 2005.

In recognition of his work and research achievements, Shih was elected as a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2006.

Shih received Honorary Doctor of Science degrees from Loughborough University, Waseda University and Brown University.

In 2007, Shih received the inaugural Chief Executive Leadership Award for Asia Pacific presented by the Council for Advancement and Support for Education.

He also served on the Engineering and Computer Science jury for the Infosys Prize in 2009 and 2010.

In 2016, an international symposium was held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in honor of Shih on the occasion of his 70th birthday.

In 2018, Shih received the Centennial Medal from Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS) for his innovative research and leadership in higher education.

title: Shih Choon Fong


text: User talk:213.140.21.235

title: User talk:213.140.21.235


text:
User:Giano/Luciano Alì

Palazzo Beneventano 1779 1778

title: User:Giano/Luciano Alì


text:
User:Alopex

about me...

 * ...I am member since October 3rd 2005
 * ...I was born in 1988
 * ...My hobbies are: politics, languages and history

Wikepedia - pages which I started

 * Nottuln (1293 calls 12.07-6.08, ±480), http://stats.grok.se/en/200805/
 * St.-Pius-Gymnasium (959, ±210)
 * List of German institutions (718, ±120)
 * List of French institutions (601, ±175)

Other pages which I could recommend
de:Benutzer:Alopex fr:Utilisateur:Alopex la:Usor:Vulpinus simple:User:Alopex
 * Germany/history: Chancellor of Germany, President of Germany, Germany[[Image:Cscr-featured.svg|20px]]
 * Portal:Germany
 * Eurobilltracker

title: User:Alopex


text:
H. D. F. Kitto

Humphrey Davy Findley Kitto (6 February 1897 – 21 January 1982) was a British classical scholar of Cornish ancestry. He was born in Stroud, Gloucestershire.

He was educated at The Crypt School, Gloucester, and St. John's College, Cambridge. He wrote his doctorate in 1920 at the  University of Bristol. He became a lecturer in Greek at the University of Glasgow from 1920 to 1944. On that year, he returned to the University of Bristol where he became Professor of Greek and emeritus in 1962. He concentrated on studies of Greek tragedy, especially translations of the works of Sophocles.

His early book, "In the Mountains of Greece", describes his journeys in that country, with no more than incidental reference to antiquity.

His 1952 general treatment The Greeks covered the whole range of ancient Greek culture, and became a standard text.

After his retirement, he taught at College Year in Athens (CYA), a study abroad program for foreign students in Athens, Greece.

Works

 * In the Mountains of Greece (1933)
 * Greek Tragedy: A Literary Study (1939)
 * Form and meaning in drama: A study of six Greek plays and of Hamlet  (1956)
 * The Greeks (1951; 1952), Penguin Books A220
 * Poiesis: Structure and Thought (1966), Sather Classical Lectures
 * Sophocles: Three Tragedies: Antigone, Oedipus the King, Electra. translated into English verse by H. D. F. Kitto

title: H. D. F. Kitto


text:
Talk:Sea Hunt

Remake nationality?
Wasn't the 1986 remake Canadian? --squadfifteen 3/10/05

Marineland?
No mention of Marineland of the Pacific, which was listed in the end credits of each episode (for season 1 at least). I'm pretty sure many of the fish shots were from Marineland's tanks. Wayne 12/4/07 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.20.235.52 (talk) 09:46, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

Why the networks said no?
The article says that the networks all turned down Sea Hunt, feeling that the premise was not sustainable. However, I have long heard that the problem was that Ivan Tors insisted Lloyd Bridges play the lead, but the actor had not long before cursed during a broadcast-live play and was consequently blacklisted. Anybody have documentation? Ted Watson (talk) 21:54, 25 December 2007 (UTC)

What is "matrix fashion"?
This article says:
 * The underwater sequences were filmed in a matrix fashion

What is a "matrix fashion"? Looking over the matrix disambiguation page, I find nothing that seems to fit. Michael Hardy (talk) 21:21, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I would assume that they filmed various shots in different locations and then edited them together to comprise a scene. 63.192.101.43 (talk) 01:49, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

OK, some anonymous person "would assume". But where can I find something that by someone who at least sounds as if they know? Michael Hardy (talk) 03:23, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

References for this article
Googled the show and could many (if any) reliable references or sources for this article other than IMDB and other fan type sites. The only two that any "really" good data were:

http://www.tvparty.com/acseahunt.html

http://www.tv.com/sea-hunt/show/3003/summary.html?tag=page_nav;main

Maybe someone could incorporate some of the info on those two sites. Morenooso (talk) 09:08, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

 * While looking at the tags above, I noticed that one says a low resolution screenshot might be helpful. I looked up Lloyd Bridges here and on Wikicommons but no pictures of him as Mike Nelson appear within either. Funny but a Yahoo image search came up with lots of pix but none that I could determine exist within the Public Domain:

http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=lloyd+bridges+sea+hunt&ni=18&ei=UTF-8&fr=ush-mail&fr2=tab-web&xargs=0&pstart=1&b=1

Another of the tag references what effects this article/show had on society. A reader can see from this image search DVDs, comic books, etal were generated. Maybe a regular editor could find a way to incorporate this search into useful data for the article. Morenooso (talk) 09:19, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

Inaccuracy in lead paragraphs
The aircraft involved in the pilot episode was a Navy (not Air Force) jet; specifically the F2Y Sea Dart. I was going to correct this mistake and link to the appropriate Wikipedia article (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F2Y_Sea_Dart), but the topic is locked. Somebody needs to fix this.

If you don't believe me, check out http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5_BqJEldOw — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.127.23.2 (talk) 01:30, 27 August 2011 (UTC)

OK Someone removed the lock. I've made the corrections 08/29/2011 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.127.23.2 (talk) 13:26, 28 August 2011 (UTC)

Recent mobile edits and section blanking
There were some edits made in December 2015 which removed substantial content, some of it referenced. Whole sections were blanked with no explanation. It also left some parts of the article incoherent. Not sure what the rationale was, I've reverted those edits. There might be some issues remaining, but sorting the wheat from the chaff on this one is too difficult for me. 60.240.207.146 (talk) 07:25, 5 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Sea Hunt. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20071029041855/http://home.comcast.net:80/~bill.jones.scubaguy/SEA_HUNT/SeaHunt.html to http://home.comcast.net/~bill.jones.scubaguy/SEA_HUNT/SeaHunt.html
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20071029041851/http://home.comcast.net:80/~bill.jones.scubaguy/ to http://home.comcast.net/~bill.jones.scubaguy

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"in a matrix fashion"
This edit says the show "was filmed in a matrix fashion". That statement still appears in the article today. What is a "matrix fashion"? Wikipedia's article titled matrix (disambiguation) sheds no light. Michael Hardy (talk) 22:40, 26 February 2017 (UTC)
 * "Matrix fashion" was a clumsy term to describe individual scenes shot at many different locations being later combined in post-production to form complete sequences. I fixed it. - LuckyLouie (talk) 01:34, 23 November 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Sea Hunt. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140820191349/http://www.dtmag.com/Stories/Dive_History/2008-02-feature.htm to http://www.dtmag.com/Stories/Dive_History/2008-02-feature.htm

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Wildlife from the wrong ocean?
Didn't some wrong-ocean cases occur w/r to native wildlife? For example, an episode would be set in the Caribbean only to have a Pacific Ocean species show up? Carlm0404 (talk) 00:24, 30 April 2021 (UTC)

The art of scuba?
What does this mean ? Is it some new aesthetic of which others, i.e. me, are unaware? Or is it intended to mean ‘the technique of using Self-Contained, Underwater Breathing Apparatus’? Golly, how I wish I knew. In used to watch ‘Sea Hunt’ as a kid, but I never knew it was an art-form of some kind. Gawsh. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:44B8:3102:BB00:C8F7:F661:133:8C0C (talk • contribs)

 * "the art of..." is an American and UK idiom, meaning the skill of, i.e. gaining proficiency in some chosen activity, e.g. The Art Of War, The Art of Electronics, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, etc. - LuckyLouie (talk) 16:37, 21 June 2021 (UTC)

Huntation
I just added the paragraph and link about the Royal Huntation Society of Princeton and want to reassure any Wikipedia editors that the material is literally true. Sea Hunt was on at 1 a.m. and a gang of us watched it religiously and came up with the counting-huhs goof. Our class just had its fiftieth reunion and we agreed it was time to record this history. Martycap — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.3.197.165 (talk) 00:54, 12 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Well, there's WP:V and WP:NOTEVERYTHING to consider. This appears to be a bit of non-notable trivia where the only reference is from a student newspaper. - LuckyLouie (talk) 20:25, 13 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sea Hunt


text:
Boffa Prefecture

Boffa is a prefecture located in the Boké Region of Guinea. The capital is Boffa. The prefecture covers an area of 5050 km2 and has a population of 212,583.

Sub-prefectures
The prefecture is divided administratively into 8 sub-prefectures:
 * 1) Boffa-Centre
 * 2) Colia
 * 3) Douprou
 * 4) Koba-Tatema
 * 5) Lisso
 * 6) Mankountan
 * 7) Tamita
 * 8) Tougnifili

title: Boffa Prefecture


text:
Twilight of the Dark Master

Twilight of the Dark Master (支配者の黄昏) is a Japanese manga by Saki Okuse, and an OVA adaptation. The OVA was produced by Masao Maruyama, directed by Akiyuki Shinbo, and the screenplay was written by Duane Dell'Amico and Tatsuhiko Urahata. It was distributed and licensed in 1997 by Urban Vision.

Plot
Long ago, the Great Mother Spirit created demons, guardians, and humans. During 2089, only a few demons and guardians remain and in the city of Neo-Shinjuku. The guardian, Tsunami Shijo (an ancient fire manipulator from days long ago) is out to aid a fledgling human race. Tsunami is looking for a human who was transformed into a monster by drugs. This leads him to Mr. Takamiya, the Demon leader, who killed his lover.

Tsunami becomes involved with a woman who just lost her fiancé and her arm, and now wants to figure out why this has happened. Meanwhile, the Demon leader is still alive and plotting to enslave mankind.

Cast
Japanese Cast

 * Tsunami Shijo - Toshihiko Seki
 * Shizuka Tachibana - Emi Shinohara
 * Huang Long - Akira Kamiya
 * Chen Long - Urara Takano
 * Tenku - Hiroya Ishimaru
 * Kudo - Kaneto Shiozawa
 * Takamiya - Seizō Katō, Atsuko Takahata
 * Police Inspector Kumazawa - Takaya Hashi
 * Eiji Kuraza - Kunihiko Yasui
 * Kizaki - Masuo Amada
 * Tajima - Takehiro Murozono
 * Junk - Naoki Tatsuta
 * Squad Leader - Yasuhiko Kawazu
 * Receptionist - Miho Yamada
 * Voice of Car Navigator - Mizue Otsuka
 * Glider Officer - Koji Yusa
 * Girl #1 - Shihori Niwa
 * Girl #2 - Yuri Sato
 * Officer #1 - Yasumoto Kasahara
 * Narrator - Atsuko Takahata

English Cast

 * Tsunami Shijo - Andy Philpot
 * Shizuka Tachibana - Denise Poirier
 * Huang Long - John DeMita
 * Chen Long - Julia DeMita
 * Tenku - Matt K. Miller
 * Kudo - Steve Bulan
 * Takamiya - Barbara Goodson
 * Police Inspector Kumazawa - John Hostetter
 * Eiji Kuraza - Jack Fletcher
 * Tajima - Seth Margolies
 * Junk - Matt McKenzie

title: Twilight of the Dark Master


text:
Boké Prefecture

Boké is a prefecture located in the Boké Region of Guinea. The capital is Boké. The prefecture covers an area of 11,124 km.² and has a population of 449,405. It contains several economically important areas of the country, including those engaged in fishing, mining, and agriculture.

Sub-prefectures
The prefecture is divided administratively into 10 sub-prefectures:
 * 1) Boké-Centre
 * 2) Bintimodiya
 * 3) Dabiss
 * 4) Kamsar
 * 5) Kanfarandé
 * 6) Kolaboui
 * 7) Malapouyah
 * 8) Sangarédi
 * 9) Sansalé
 * 10) Tanéné

title: Boké Prefecture


text:
Fria Prefecture

Fria is a prefecture located in the Boké Region of Guinea. The capital is Fria. The prefecture covers an area of 2016 km.² and has a population of 96,527. It is the site of the first alumina factory in Africa.

Sub-prefectures
The prefecture is divided administratively into 4 sub-prefectures:
 * 1) Fria-Centre
 * 2) Baguinet
 * 3) Banguingny
 * 4) Tormelin

title: Fria Prefecture


text:
FM 100 Pakistan

FM 100 is a radio station in Pakistan broadcasting in nine cities which include Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Hyderabad, Rahim Yar Khan, Gujrat, Jhelum, Abbottabad, and Multan. It was founded on March 23, 1995 and has a listening area covering most urban centres. It was the first commercial radio station in Pakistan, and provided live entertainment programs round the clock in an effort to promote Pakistani music among the population.

Its slogan is "Assalam-o-Alaikum Pakistan" which literally means "May Peace be on Pakistan".

History
FM 100 was established in the year 1994 and started broadcasting its regular transmission from March 23, 1995. In the early days, it broadcast in three cities (Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad). In 2012, it expanded its network to include Hyderabad and Rahim Yar Khan, and soon added Gujrat, Jhelum, Abbottabad, and Multan in 2014. As of January 22, it plans to launch stations in Shikarpur, Jacobabad, and Benazirabad soon.

Programming
Its regular programming includes religious programs, daily five-time prayers, Friday prayer sermon, national and international days coverage, special events coverage, talk shows, youth shows, kids slot, sports roundup, IT-related programs along with the latest Pakistani pop, folk, and film music as well as Western music.

title: FM 100 Pakistan


text:
Gaoual Prefecture

Gaoual is a prefecture located in the Boké Region of Guinea. The capital is Gaoual. The prefecture covers an area of 7,758 km.² and has a population of 194,245.

Sub-prefectures
The prefecture is divided administratively into 8 sub-prefectures:
 * 1) Gaoual-Centre
 * 2) Foulamory
 * 3) Kakony
 * 4) Koumbia
 * 5) Kounsitel
 * 6) Malanta
 * 7) Touba
 * 8) Wendou M'Bour

title: Gaoual Prefecture


text:
Flåbygd

Flåbygd is a village in Nome Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located at the eastern end of the lake Flåvatn. The village of Bjervamoen lies about 10 km to the east and the village of Kilen is located about 15 km to the west (in Kviteseid Municipality). Flåbygd Church is located in the village. The local economy is centered on agriculture.

title: Flåbygd


text:
Koundara Prefecture

Koundara is a prefecture located in the Boké Region of Guinea. The capital is Koundara. The prefecture covers an area of 5238 km² and has a population of 130,205.

Capital
Koundara town is served by Sambailo Airport. As of 2014 it had a population of 27,433 people.

Sub-prefectures
The prefecture is divided administratively into 7 sub-prefectures:
 * 1) Koundara-Centre
 * 2) Guingan
 * 3) Kamaby
 * 4) Sambailo
 * 5) Saréboido
 * 6) Termesse
 * 7) Youkounkoun

title: Koundara Prefecture


text:
Antony Costa

Antony Daniel Costa (born 23 June 1981) is an English singer and songwriter. He is best known as a member of the boy band Blue.

Early life
Costa was born in Edgware, North London, Costa attended Hendon School in nearby Barnet. He is half-Greek, half-Jewish. He attended the American Academy of Larnaca before moving back to England.

Career
One of Costa's earliest television roles was as a pupil in Steven Moffat's sitcom Chalk. He then went on to appear in the BBC children's drama Grange Hill.

2000–2005: Career with Blue
In early 2000, Costa and Duncan James convinced Lee Ryan and Simon Webbe to form the group Blue. Blue's R&B-influenced pop allowed the group to achieve commercial success in the United Kingdom and many other countries, including Ireland, Portugal, Belgium, Italy, France, Australia and New Zealand. The band released their debut single "All Rise" in May 2001 and it reached number 4 on the UK Singles Chart. Their follow-up single "Too Close" was released in August 2001 peaking at No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart. They went on to achieve a second number one in November with the ballad "If You Come Back". The album All Rise was released in time for Christmas and reached number one, eventually selling in excess of 1.8 million albums in the UK. The final single from the album, "Fly By II", reached number six in March 2002. Their second studio album, One Love was released in October 2002, entering at No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart and selling more than 150,000 copies. Three singles were released from the album: "One Love", which peaked at No. 3, "Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word", featuring vocals from Elton John, which peaked at No. 1, and "U Make Me Wanna", which peaked at #4. Their third studio album, Guilty, was released in autumn 2003, entering at No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart and selling 100,000 copies on the week of release. The album spawned four singles, including the title track, "Guilty", which peaked at No. 2, "Signed, Sealed, Delivered, I'm Yours", featuring vocal from Stevie Wonder and Angie Stone, which peaked at No. 11, "Breathe Easy", which peaked at No. 4, and "Bubblin'", which peaked at No. 9.

Following the release of Best of Blue, includes three tracks only previously in Japan: "The Gift", "It's Alright" and "Elements". By the indication of the album booklet, a live version of "Lonely This Christmas" from CD:UK was intended to be track seven on the album, however, was removed from the track listing for unknown reasons. The album was released in July 2005, becoming available in several European countries, as well as Japan, Thailand and China, however, was a commercial failure and failed to chart anywhere. The album was not released in the UK, despite copies being widely available.

2006–2010: Heart Full of Soul, stage and television
Costa was a contestant on the 2005 series of I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here! and was evicted from the programme on 3 December 2005 after fourteen days. He released his debut solo single called "Do You Ever Think of Me" in February 2006. The single made its debut and peaked at number nineteen on the UK Singles Chart. Costa worked on the song with Songwriter John McLaughlin and performed live with Scottish session musician Paul Boyd. He went on to compete in the 2006 Eurovision: Making Your Mind Up programme to find a competitor to represent the UK in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006, but did not win the honour, with "It's a Beautiful Thing". In June 2006 Costa posed naked for Cosmopolitan magazine's 10 Years of Naked Male Centrefolds, alongside other stars including singer Ronan Keating, actor Danny Dyer, Labour MP Jim Devine, and TV presenter Craig Doyle. Costa's debut album, Heart Full of Soul was released on 3 July 2006 only in Japan by his record label, Globe Records.

From 10 April 2006, Costa played the lead role of Mickey Johnstone in the London production of the long-running musical Blood Brothers, directed and produced by Bill Kenwright; his contract ran to February 2007. From March, Costa toured the UK in the tenth anniversary tour of Boogie Nights. Costa had his first solo UK tour in February and March 2008, performing songs from his debut album. His UK tour had eighteen dates, which started on 16 February 2008 at The Brindley, in Runcorn and finished on 26 March 2008 in Barrow in Furness. He modelled for Giorgio Armani in late 2008. Costa has appeared twice on the BBC pop quiz Never Mind the Buzzcocks in 2006 and 2008 Costa played Jack in the 2009/2010 pantomime, Jack and the Beanstalk, in Ipswich. Costa toured with the production Popstar: The Musical, playing the part of Cal between April and July 2010, at a series of theatres, across the UK. Costa took part in a celebrity version of TV show Total Wipeout which aired on 18 September 2010.

2011–present: Return with Blue
The group represented the United Kingdom at the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest in Düsseldorf, Germany with the song "I Can" coming in 11th place with 100 points. Blue released their fourth studio album, Roulette on 25 January 2013 with "Hurt Lovers" as the lead single. On 21 February 2013, it was confirmed that the group would be joining The Big Reunion in which six groups from the past reform for a one-off gig including Liberty X, Atomic Kitten and 5ive. From May 2013, the group will be touring the UK and Ireland with the other groups in The Big Reunion concert series. On 27 March 2013, the group announced they would embark on their first headlining tour later on in the year, their first tour in nearly ten years. In April 2016, Antony will join the cast of the musical Save The Last Dance For Me, playing the part of Milton, touring the UK until October 2016.

On 30 November 2021 Blue confirmed they would be going on an arena tour to celebrate their 20th anniversary, it was also confirmed that Atomic Kitten would be supporting them on the tour. When interviewed on This Morning the group also confirmed that they were back in the studio recording, a new album is expected to follow along with the tour.

On 11 April 2022 the group announced that their sixth studio album Heart & Soul which would be released on 9 September 2022. On 20 May the group unveiled the track listing for the album on their social media accounts, following with first single "Haven't Found You Yet". On 29 June 2022, the group released the single "Dance with Me", a cover of the 2001 112 single.

title: Antony Costa


text: User talk:24.161.100.215

title: User talk:24.161.100.215


text:
Talk:Pakistan Muslim League (N)

N?
What's the "N" stand for? Why is it important? —Micahbrwn (talk) 06:54, 23 February 2008 (UTC)
 * It stands for the leader of the party, whose name starts with N.i. e Nawaz Sharif. -- S M S  Talk 13:39, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

PML-F
Why does it state that the PML-F is "the only other known political party besides these two with the PML name"? The link to the Muslim League's general wikipedia entry, no denoting letter, states a couple of others, including the PML-J, among others. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Homoaffectional (talk • contribs) 17:55, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

June, 2008 elections
The Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) and the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) on June 27, 2008, won 3 and 2 five by-election seats, respectively, to the national parliament. Polls were postponed for the 6th seat in Lahore due to Nawaz Sharif's eligibility contest. A court ruled he was ineligible due to the old conviction, amid the government appeal in the Supreme Court, which will hear the case on June 30, thus postponing the vote in the constituency.news.bbc.co.uk, Ruling parties win Pakistan polls The 2 parties also won 19 of 23 provincial assembly seats where by-elections were held. The results will not affect the February 18 general election results in which Benazir Bhutto's PPP won 123 seats in the 342-seat National Assembly and Sharif's party came second with 91, while Pervez Musharraf's party came a poor third with 54 seats. Sharif's Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) won 8 provincial assembly seats, while the PPP won 7 provincial seats.reuters.com, Sharif's party does well in Pakistani by-electionsxinhuanet, Pakistan ruling coalition sweeps by-elections--Florentino floro (talk) 09:15, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

IDU
I remove their affliation with the IDU as none is supported by the IDU website Nil Einne (talk) 06:31, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

Islamic Conservatism
Link is original research, from a partisan source. reliable sources must be cited. These sources should be directly related to the topic of the article. They should also directly support the information as it is presented. The mentioned link to the claim links back to an opinion piece... analysis and opinion pieces, whether written by the editors of the publication (editorials) or outside authors (op-eds) are reliable primary sources for statements attributed to that editor or author, but are rarely reliable for statements of fact. See: Identifying reliable sources. "No original research" is core content policy of wiki. SuperKaran (talk) 20:30, 21 May 2013 (UTC)
 * How it is OR? Any source for your point? Fai  zan  07:26, 22 May 2013 (UTC)

I am new to wiki maybe you can help me, but to my understanding, opinion pieces are generally not accepted on Wikipedia. It linked back to a blog piece. I also checked PMLN's manifesto and they do not describe themselves as "Islamic" if anything PMLN's manifesto is secular, has anyone actually read it? or do they just assume since the party calls itself "Muslim" therefore it is "Islamic"? there is a huge difference. SuperKaran (talk) 19:54, 18 August 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Number of Members missing.
The total number of members in the party has not been added to the article! — Preceding unsigned comment added by JacksonFolly (talk • contribs) 13:38, 16 May 2022 (UTC)

Number of Members missing.
The total number of members in the party has not been included in the article! JacksonFolly (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 13:39, 16 May 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 February 2023
94.199.17.217 (talk) 06:34, 26 February 2023 (UTC) Not done: not sure what changes the user requested. M.Ashraf333 (talk) 06:56, 26 February 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 February 2023 (3)
I had pike to edit this page as general qamar javed bajwa is the leader of pmln 2400:ADC7:930:A400:BD83:2779:678D:B6D0 (talk) 10:27, 26 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Not done: as no source provided. M.Ashraf333 (talk) 11:39, 26 February 2023 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 15:24, 1 June 2023 (UTC)
 * CM Punjab Shehbaz Sharif (35771008313) (cropped).jpg

title: Talk:Pakistan Muslim League (N)


text:
User talk:Zippoist

Welcome to Wikipedia!
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If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 07:21, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zippoist


text:
User talk:Royrules22

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
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 * Create a User page
 * Be bold
 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 07:21, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

re-creation of "HYMPS"
A consensus of editors deleted an article on this acronym not two days ago (see Articles for deletion/HYMPS). For this reason, I have also deleted the article that you created today. Please do not re-create it unless you have good reason to disregard the existing consensus, and the you are able to cite high quality sources to verify your content. Thanks. ×Meegs 18:36, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Royrules22


text:
User talk:DrBjamin

Welcome to Wikipedia!
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 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
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If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 07:21, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:DrBjamin


text:
Faranah Prefecture

Faranah (N’ko: ߝߙߊߣߊ߫߫) is a prefecture located in the Faranah Region of Guinea. The capital is Faranah. The prefecture covers an area of 12,966 km2 and has an estimated population of 280,511.

Sub-prefectures
The prefecture is divided administratively into 12 sub-prefectures:
 * 1) Faranah-Centre
 * 2) Banian
 * 3) Beindou
 * 4) Gnaléah
 * 5) Hérémakonon
 * 6) Kobikoro
 * 7) Marela
 * 8) Passayah
 * 9) Sandéniah
 * 10) Songoyah
 * 11) Tindo
 * 12) Tiro

title: Faranah Prefecture


text:
Kissidougou Prefecture

Kissidougou is a prefecture located in the Faranah Region of Guinea. The capital is Kissidougou. The prefecture covers an area of 8,300 km.² and has a population of 283,609.

The prefecture is largely savanna but villages are usually surrounded by semi-deciduous humid forests, termed “forest islands.” The composition, management, and use of these forests change based on the socioeconomic conditions and commercial signals experienced by the villages (e.g., being used as fortresses during warfare and growing coffee or fruit depending on market prices).

It was originally thought that the forest islands were remnants of a previous forest that was degraded into savanna by human activity. The forests surrounding villages were thought to be left behind for protection, shelter for tree crops, and seclusion for rituals. This drew internationally and bilaterally funded environmental programs to the region to determine causes of forest degradation. Among the causes identified were modern development, historic cultural practices, and peasant use of the land. Policies were created to prevent further forest destruction because it was linked to soil degradation and climate change and thought to cause river flow and rainfall irregularities. These policies include switching from upland to swamp farming; externally imposed bushfire prohibitions, regulations, and practices; prohibiting the felling of protected tree species; and tree planting in village territories.

These explanations, however, were trying to explain a trend that was opposite to what was actually occurring. An analysis of aerial photographs of the region from 1952 to 1994 by James Fairhead and Melissa Leach found that the forest islands had mainly remained stable, formed, or enlarged, contrary to popular belief. Landscape descriptions and maps from early French military occupation (roughly 1890s to 1910), documentary sources from the 1780s to 1860s, and village elders’ accounts of their ancestors encouraging forest growth around savanna settlements also demonstrate the trend of growing forest islands occurring before the 1950s. This forest growth was promoted through everyday activities in the village margin land (e.g., grass gathering, cattle tethering, and household waste disposal) as well as deliberate forest cultivation (e.g., planting forest-initiating trees and cultivating the soil to be suitable for trees). Farming and fire practices were found to maintain the forest cover, upgrade soils and vegetation to be suitable for forests, and reduce the risk of devastating fires.

Sub-prefectures
The prefecture is divided administratively into 13 sub-prefectures:
 * 1) Kissidougou-Centre
 * 2) Albadaria
 * 3) Banama
 * 4) Bardou
 * 5) Beindou
 * 6) Fermessadou-Pombo
 * 7) Firawa
 * 8) Gbangbadou
 * 9) Kondiadou
 * 10) Manfran
 * 11) Sangardo
 * 12) Yendé-Millimou
 * 13) Yombiro

title: Kissidougou Prefecture


text:
Interactive writing

Interactive writing has been described by Swartz (2001) as "a teaching method in which children and teacher negotiate what they are going to write and then share the pen to construct the message." Interactive writing is a cooperative event in which text is jointly composed and written. The teacher uses the interactive writing session to model reading and writing strategies as he or she engages children in creating text.

Interactive writing was also included by Irene Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell as part of their balanced literacy framework. Similar to shared writing, interactive writing allows a teacher and students to literally "share the pen" to create a joint sentence or message. Typically used in the primary grades, interactive writing is a powerful instructional medium for teaching phonics, spelling principles, rimes, writing conventions, and other key early writing skills.

Others have described interactive writing differently as a method used in literacy teaching, especially for young children, whereby the students have the opportunity to practice their reading, studying and writing skills in a safe and creative environment.

In this method the teacher(s) and students write to each other, by means of letters, dialogue journals or a message board. The students are free to choose the topic and the length of their writings. The teachers respond without correcting or criticising the spelling, grammar or writing style, but rather modelling more appropriate forms of writing.

The aim of this method is to allow children to see literacy as something meaningful and enjoyable, rather than a mind-numbing school activity. The focus is on fluency rather than accuracy. The principle behind it is 'write to learn, not learn to write'. As such, it relates to the learner-centered whole language approach.

The interactive writing method has been described in books such as:

title: Interactive writing


text:
Dinguiraye Prefecture

Dinguiraye is a prefecture located in the Faranah Region of Guinea. The capital is Dinguiraye. The prefecture covers an area of 7,965 km.² and has a population of 195,662.

Sub-prefectures
The prefecture is divided administratively into 8 sub-prefectures:
 * 1) Dinguiraye-Centre
 * 2) Banora
 * 3) Dialakoro
 * 4) Diatiféré
 * 5) Gagnakali
 * 6) Kalinko
 * 7) Lansanya
 * 8) Sélouma

title: Dinguiraye Prefecture


text:
Talk:Murder of Brooke Wilberger

Living Person Flag
As painful and sad as it is under the circumstances, the Living Person edit flag should be removed as the suspect has admitted culpability, both he and the prosecution acknowledge that the subject is deceased, and a body has been recovered.
 * In the WikiProject banner shell there is the option for an "Other" version of the Living Person flag that notes that while the victim has been murdered, others that are the subject of this article are still alive. - Cameron Dewe (talk) 06:03, 27 March 2021 (UTC)

Redundancy
People, I know this case is tragic, but please, PLEASE do not simply copy news reports to the bottom of the investigation section. This has over time resulted in redundancy and poor readability (e.g. mentioning 3 times in 3 different phrasings that the perpetrator has been sentenced to life no parole). Where new facts arise, find the right place in the case chronology and edit them into the existing copy.

title: Talk:Murder of Brooke Wilberger


text:
Dabola Prefecture

Dabola is a prefecture located in the Faranah Region of Guinea. The capital is Dabola. The prefecture covers an area of 6,350 km.² and has an estimated population of 182,951.

Sub-prefectures
The prefecture is divided administratively into 9 sub-prefectures:
 * 1) Dabola-Centre
 * 2) Arfamoussaya
 * 3) Banko
 * 4) Bissikrima
 * 5) Dogomet
 * 6) Kankama
 * 7) Kindoyé
 * 8) Konindou
 * 9) N'Déma

title: Dabola Prefecture


text:
Kankan Prefecture

Kankan is a prefecture located in the Kankan Region of Guinea. The capital is Kankan. The prefecture covers an area of 19,750 km.² and has a population of 2,450,890.

Sub-prefectures
The prefecture is divided administratively into 13 sub-prefectures:
 * 1) Kankan-Centre
 * 2) Balandougou
 * 3) Bate-Nafadji
 * 4) Boula
 * 5) Gbérédou-Baranama
 * 6) Kanfamoriyah
 * 7) Koumban
 * 8) Mamouroudou
 * 9) Missamana
 * 10) Moribayah
 * 11) Sabadou-Baranama
 * 12) Tinti-Oulen
 * 13) Tokounou

title: Kankan Prefecture


text:
Category:American mystery writers

Mystery fiction is a literary genre in which a story's protagonist investigates a puzzling event requiring an explanation or solution. Almost all examples of mystery fiction focus on the investigation of one or more crimes and thus fall within the broader field of crime fiction. Authors of crime fiction in which mystery investigation and solution are nongermane (e.g., The Godfather, The Postman Always Rings Twice) should be named only in the appropriate category,, not as "mystery" writers.

This category should include writers who wrote mysteries in any medium, whether it be novels, short stories, poems, plays, screen plays or some other form.

title: Category:American mystery writers


text:
File:Lanhydrock by Morris (1880).jpg

Summary
Lynhydrock House from Morris's Country Seats of Noblemen and Gentlemen (1880).

title: File:Lanhydrock by Morris (1880).jpg


text:
Siguiri Prefecture

Siguiri is a prefecture located in the Kankan Region of Guinea. The capital is Siguiri. The prefecture covers an area of 18500 sqkm and has a population of 687,002.

Sub-prefectures
The prefecture is divided administratively into 13 sub-prefectures:
 * 1) Siguiri-Centre
 * 2) Bankon
 * 3) Doko
 * 4) Franwalia
 * 5) Kiniébakoura
 * 6) Kintinian
 * 7) Maléa
 * 8) Naboun
 * 9) Niagassola
 * 10) Niandankoro
 * 11) Norassoba
 * 12) Siguirini
 * 13) Tomba Kanssa

title: Siguiri Prefecture


text:
Mandiana Prefecture

Mandiana is a prefecture located in the Kankan Region of Guinea. The capital is Mandiana. The prefecture covers an area of 12,825 km.² and has a population of 335,999.

Sub-prefectures
The prefecture is divided administratively into 12 sub-prefectures:
 * 1) Mandiana-Centre
 * 2) Balandougouba
 * 3) Dialakoro
 * 4) Faralako
 * 5) Kantoumania
 * 6) Kiniéran
 * 7) Koundian
 * 8) Koundianakoro
 * 9) Morodou
 * 10) Niantania
 * 11) Saladou
 * 12) Sansando

title: Mandiana Prefecture


text:
Kérouané Prefecture

Kérouané is a prefecture located in the Kankan Region of Guinea. The capital is Kérouané. The prefecture covers an area of 7,020 km.² and has a population of 207,547.

Sub-prefectures
The prefecture is divided administratively into 8 sub-prefectures:
 * 1) Kérouané-Centre
 * 2) Banankoro
 * 3) Damaro
 * 4) Komodou
 * 5) Kounsankoro
 * 6) Linko
 * 7) Sibiribaro
 * 8) Soromaya

title: Kérouané Prefecture


text:
Kouroussa Prefecture

Kouroussa is a prefecture located in the Kankan Region of Guinea. The capital is Kouroussa. The prefecture covers an area of 14,050 km.² and has a population of 268,630. With Kouroussa town by far the largest in the Prefecture numbering only 10,000, the vast majority of the Prefecture's population live in small rural communities, making their living from subsistence and small scale cash crop agriculture, as well as small scale trade and mining. The majority of the population are members of the Malinke ethnic group or related Mande speakers. The eastern portion of the prefecture is formed from the Niger River valley, while most of the area characterized by low rolling hills and dry savanna grasslands or scrub-like forest.

Culture
The majority of the prefecture's population comes from the Malinke and Djallonke ethnic groups, who speak related Mande languages and follow the Muslim religion. The Kouroussa area is the centre of the Hamana-Malinke Mande sub-group -- "Hamana" being the historic name for the region, while the Malinke are the major Mande speaking ethnic group of the upper Niger valley. There are also sizable minority communities of Fula and Dyula, the latter traditionally forming trade communities in towns like Kouroussa.

The writer and intellectual Camara Laye (1928–80) grew up in Kouroussa town, and his memoir, The Black Child, is in part about his youth in the town.

Kouroussa and surrounding towns maintain the pre-colonial Mande ceremonial kingship of Hamana, with the most recent holder of the office King of Kouroussa King Sayon Keita I.

Traditional music
Hamana-Malinke are especially known for their unique musical traditions, especially their polyphonic Djembé drumming traditions, with a number of well known drum masters—including Famoudou Konate, Daouda Kourouma, and Sékou Konaté—coming from the town. Djembé groups in Kouroussa are known for the inclusion of the bass dununba drum and the long kenken bell.

Transport
With its position near the upstream limit of navigation on the Niger River, Kouroussa town is an important center of transport and trade. The Guinea Railway crosses the Niger River at this town, where there is also a river port. The town also lies at a junction in Guinea's N1 highway, which is a major transport route between Conakry, Kankan, and (via the N7 and N32) neighboring Mali. The Niger – Conakry rail line runs 588 km to the capital of Guinea, with a branch of 74 kilometers running from Kouroussa to Kankan. It was built by the French, using African labor, in the first two decades of the 20th century.

Agriculture
The Savanna climate in the prefecture support a wide range of subsistence and cash crop farming, producing rice, groundnuts, onions and millet for sale, as well as supporting larger scale cotton farming and cattle ranching by both locals and semi-nomadic Fula people whose largest local center is in the nearby Fouta Djallon highlands.

Mining
Major mining companies are engaged in ongoing exploration drilling in a series of government granted Gold mining concessions near the town. The Kouroussa area also has a long history as a center of small scale gold mining, which continues in so called "Artisanal Mining" Recent criticism has surfaced around the working conditions, pay, and the widespread use of child labour in these small gold mines, and the method which middlemen, many based in Kouroussa, purchase and transport gold. Gold collected in Kouroussa is sold on—with almost no regulation or oversight—to larger merchant houses in Bamako, Conakry, and eventually to smelters in Europe. Large scale Titanium mining has also been proposed in the Kouroussa area, with both Dredging of Heavy Mineral Sands from rivers and streams and dry pit mines proposed as of 2007.

Sub-prefectures
The prefecture is divided administratively into 12 sub-prefectures:
 * 1) Kouroussa-Centre
 * 2) Babila
 * 3) Balato
 * 4) Banfélé
 * 5) Baro
 * 6) Cisséla
 * 7) Douako
 * 8) Doura
 * 9) Kiniéro
 * 10) Komola-Koura
 * 11) Koumana
 * 12) Sanguiana

title: Kouroussa Prefecture


text:
Taj al-Dawla

Abu'l-Husain Ahmad, better known by his laqab of Taj al-Dawla (Arabic: تاج الدولة،, "Crown of the Dynasty"), was the Buyid ruler of Khuzestan during the 980s. He was the son of 'Adud al-Dawla.

Biography
Abu'l-Husain was the son of Adud al-Dawla and a daughter of Manadhar, who was a Justanid king. Following 'Adud al-Dawla's death in 983, his possessions were divided between his sons. Samsam al-Dawla, who was the presumed successor of 'Adud al-Dawla, took power, but Sharaf al-Dawla took advantage of his position in Kerman to invade Fars. This invasion provided Abu'l-Husain with the opportunity to set up his rule in Ahvaz, and took the title of Taj al-Dawla.

Taj al-Dawla, as well as another brother, Diya' al-Dawla, who controlled Basra, eventually decided to acknowledge the authority of Fakhr al-Dawla, who ruled in Jibal. This was done in an attempt to protect themselves from the conflict between Samsam al-Dawla and Sharaf al-Dawla. Nevertheless, after a few years Sharaf al-Dawla invaded and occupied Khuzestan and Basra, causing the two princes to flee to Fakhr al-Dawla's territory. There they found refuge in Ray. Neither of the two brothers managed to found any lasting line; consequently their role in Buyid politics was short.

title: Taj al-Dawla


text:
XnView

XnView is an image organizer and general-purpose file manager used for viewing, converting, organizing and editing raster images, as well as general purpose file management. It comes with built-in hex inspection, batch renaming, image scanning and screen capture tools. It is licensed as freeware for private, educational and non-profit uses. For other uses, it is licensed as commercial software.

Although originally deployed only on Unix-like systems, it is now also available for Windows, Windows Mobile and Pocket PC. The extended version of XnView, called XnView MP, is available for Windows, macOS and Linux.

XnView has received five cows from Tucows. In 2006 Sveriges Television (SVT) recommended XnView in their High Definition Multi Format Test Set. Research papers about DICOM and digital watermarking used XnView for image processing.

Features
XnView is customisable and multi-lingual. XnView can read more than 500 image file formats, some audio and video file formats, and write 50 image file formats. XnView also supports ICC profiles in JPEG, PNG and TIFF files. It doesn't respect loop settings on animated files, however, and will infinitely loop them, regardless. Classic XnView can read image formats resulting in more than 32 bits per pixel, but write support is limited to 32 bits.

XnView can show IPTC, Exif and XMP metadata, and write IPTC metadata (It can also do batch writing of IPTC metadata). It can write XMP metadata partly together with IPTC metadata. It also supports file comments (4DOS ). XnView can search files that have the same filename or data, and can search for similar graphics as well.

The display of the histogram of a picture is possible. Scripts can be created to convert, manipulate and rename a batch of images in one go. Creation of advanced slide shows is also possible. Lossless (without new encoding) turning, flipping and cropping of JPEG files is supported.

Typical image editing tools are included, for instance color and size manipulation, several filters and effects. XnView supports  Photoshop plugins such as the Harry's Filters 3.0 included in the full version. Support for most raw image formats is based on dcraw.

Support for vector graphics (EPS, PS, PDF) can be integrated with Ghostscript. Classic XnView does not support Unicode, and SVG requires a commercial CAD plugin. These features are available in the multi-platform edition XnView MP based on Qt.

Classic XnView is also distributed in the PortableApps format. XnView 2.13 (2013) was the last version for Windows platforms older than Windows XP. Version 2.30 released in 2015 supports the Netpbm PAM format, can read Better Portable Graphics, and offers an add-on for Imgur uploads. As of 2018 XnView also supported HEIF and FLIF.

Related software
The author published various other products using the classic or the multi-platform XnView code base, some examples are:
 * XnView MP — the designated successor to classic XnView which is faster, has macOS and Linux editions and has Unicode support; the current version 1.6.5
 * Nview — the DOS4GW predecessor of XnView
 * NConvert — command-line batch convert tool (Linux, macOS, Windows); the current version 7.163
 * XnConvert — GUI batch convert tool (Linux, macOS, Windows); the current version 1.99
 * Xn — apps for iOS and Android (XnRetro, Sketch Me!, Gif Me!, Hypocam, etc.)
 * XnShell — File Explorer / Windows Explorer shell extension (32-bit or 64-bit); the current version 4.1.10
 * XnResize — image resizer (Linux, macOS, Windows); the current version 1.0
 * XnRetro — used to assign vintage or instant effect for images (Linux, macOS, Windows); the current version 1.30
 * XnSketch — transform images into cartoon or sketch (Linux, macOS, Windows); the current version 1.20
 * GFL-SDK — free developer library used in tools by third parties

title: XnView


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Progressiveislam.org

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE.  Rob e  rt  01:32, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Progressiveislam.org
advertising. Website does also not follow the guidelines set in WP:WEB. -- SoothingR 07:33, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, advertising. Free clue to author: Encyclopedia articles are not written in first person. — J I P | Talk 07:39, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per both of the above. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 10:54, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Kindia Prefecture

Kindia is a prefecture located in the Kindia Region of Guinea. The capital is Kindia. The prefecture covers an area of 9,648 km.² with a population of 439,614.

Sub-prefectures
The prefecture is divided administratively into 10 sub-prefectures:
 * 1) Kindia-Centre
 * 2) Bangouyah
 * 3) Damankanyah
 * 4) Friguiagbé
 * 5) Kolenté
 * 6) Madina-Oula
 * 7) Mambia
 * 8) Molota
 * 9) Samayah
 * 10) Souguéta

title: Kindia Prefecture


text:
My Geisha

My Geisha is a 1962 American comedy film directed by Jack Cardiff, starring Shirley MacLaine, Yves Montand, Edward G. Robinson, and Bob Cummings and released by Paramount Pictures. Written by Norman Krasna, based on Krasna's story of the same name, the film was produced and copyrighted in 1961 by MacLaine's then-husband Steve Parker. The world premiere was at the Plaza Theatre in London's West End on January 18, 1962.

Plot
Paul Robaix, a famous director, wants to film the Puccini opera on location in Japan under the title Madame Butterfly, with the dialogue spoken in English and the score sung in Italian. His wife, Lucy Dell, has been the leading lady in all of his greatest films, and she is more famous. He feels that she overshadows him and he would like to achieve success independent of her. By choosing to film Madam Butterfly, he can select a different leading lady without hurting her feelings, because she, as a blue-eyed, red-headed comedy actress, would not be suitable to play a Japanese woman in a tragedy. As a surprise, she visits him in Japan while he's searching for a leading lady. To surprise him further, she disguises herself as a geisha at a dinner party, planning to unveil her identity during the meal.

But she is delighted to discover that everyone at the dinner party, including her husband, believes her to be a Japanese woman. When she learns that the studio has decided to only give her husband enough funds to film the movie in black and white because there are no big stars in the film, she decides that she will audition for the role of Butterfly, without telling her husband, but that the studio will know and therefore give him the budget he needs to make the film he wants.

She gets the part and is wonderful. Through the course of the film, Lucy Dell begins to become concerned that Yoko will steal her husband's affections, though he never does develop feelings for the invented character.

When viewing the film's negatives, with the colors reversed, he figures out her duplicity and, thinking she is doing it to steal credit from him so that once again he will not get the artistic praise he deserves, he becomes furious. To retaliate, he decides to proposition Yoko. Greatly distressed, she flees. Paul then entertains the idea of divorce for what he sees as him being betrayed by his wife.

Their "reunion" before the premiere is cold, Paul believing she will expose her identity there for betraying him, and Lucy believing that Paul was trying to sleep with Yoko. Her original plan was, at the end of the premiere, to reveal Yoko's true identity, which will astound Hollywood and practically guarantee her an Academy Award. Instead, her then trusted friend, Kazumi, gives her a present of a fan that was owned by a very popular geisha. The fan was inscribed with the saying: "No one before you, my husband, not even I." So, she takes off her geisha makeup, appears as herself, tells everyone that Yoko went into a convent and will no longer be performing, and keeps her identity secret. She and her husband reconcile when he informs Lucy that he knew she was Yoko.

Cast

 * Shirley MacLaine as Lucy Dell
 * Yves Montand as Paul Robaix
 * Edward G. Robinson as Sam Lewis
 * Bob Cummings as Bob Moore
 * Yoko Tani as Kazumi Ito

 * Tatsuo Saito as Kenichi Takata
 * Tamae Kiyokawa as Amatsu Hisako
 * I. Hayakawa as Hisako
 * Alex Gerry as Leonard Lewis, Hollywood producer
 * Tsugundo Maki as Shiga

Vocals

 * Vocals for "Butterfly" by Michiko Sunahara
 * Vocals for "Lieutenant Pinkerton" by Barry Morell

Production
In June 1959, MacLaine signed to make the movie. In July 1959, Krasna signed to write the film.

In August 1960, it was announced the film would star MacLaine, James Stewart, Maria Callas, Gig Young, and Edward G. Robinson and be directed by Jack Cardiff.

Cummings was cast in December 1960.

Filming started in Japan 16 January 1961.

title: My Geisha


text:
Coyah Prefecture

Coyah is a prefecture located in the Kindia Region of Guinea. The capital is Coyah. The prefecture covers an area of 1,375 km.² and has a population of 263,861.

Sub-prefectures
The prefecture is divided administratively into 4 sub-prefectures:
 * 1) Coyah-Centre
 * 2) Kouriah
 * 3) Manéah
 * 4) Wonkifong

title: Coyah Prefecture


text: User talk:68.69.231.216

title: User talk:68.69.231.216


text:
Galungan

Galungan is a Balinese holiday celebrating the victory of dharma over adharma. It marks the time when the ancestral spirits visit the Earth. The last day of the celebration is Kuningan, when they return. The date is calculated according to the 210-day Balinese Pawukon calendar.

Significance
Galungan marks the beginning of the most important recurring religious ceremonies. The spirits of deceased relatives who have died and been cremated return to visit their homelands, and the current inhabitants have a responsibility to be hospitable through prayers and offerings. The most obvious sign of the celebrations are the penjor - bamboo poles with offerings suspended at the end. These are installed by the side of roads. A number of days around the Kuningan day have special names, and are marked by the organization of particular activities.

Dates
Galungan begins on the Wednesday (Buda), the 11th week of the 210-day pawukon calendar. This means that there are often two celebrations per solar year. Dates for 2018-2024 are as follows:

Melasti – Cleansing & Purification

The Melasti ceremony is one of the most important religious rituals in Bali, which takes place a few days before the Nyepi ceremony, also known as the “Day of Silence”.

The Melasti ceremony is a purification ritual practiced by the Balinese people to cleanse their body, mind, and soul before the onset of the new year in accordance with the Saka calendar.

Traditionally, the Melasti ceremony is conducted near the coast or a riverbank, as water is believed to possess purifying qualities. During the ceremony, participants adorned in traditional Balinese attire carry various offerings and sacred items as they make their way to the water source. These offerings typically consist of fruits, flowers, rice, and other symbolic objects. Throughout the procession, prayers and hymns are chanted to invoke blessings and purification.

Nyepi – Day of Silence

It is commemorated every Isakawarsa (Saka new year) according to the Balinese calendar (in 2024, it falls on March 11). It is a Balinese celebration mainly celebrated in Bali, Indonesia.

title: Galungan


text:
Talk:1975 in television

Untitled discussion
I'm pretty sure The Edge of Night was the last soap to air a live episode, in November of 1975. Mike H (Talking is hot) 07:36, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

You're just saying that so the rest of us won't get our hopes up too high.71.222.116.50 (talk) 04:52, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

Deaths
Is anyone implying that nobody connected with television died in 1975? What about Ruffian? She broke down in a well-publicized race with Foolish Pleasure and had to be destroyed.97.120.134.232 (talk) 17:04, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:1975 in television