text:
User:Clawson/Archives/Talk 1

Welcome!

Hello, Clawson, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Lst27 00:43, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Thanks for the suggestion on Vischeck, however its not compatible with Wikipedia at the moment. So I've gotta sorta wing it. ALKIVAR ™ 22:19, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)

To-Do List Editing on Talk Pages
I'll thank you not to edit my own personal to-do list. —chris.lawson (talk) 21:01, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Your user page was incorrectly in Category:United States coins. I fixed the problem by replacing
 * [[Category:United_States_coins|...
 * with
 * [[:Category:United_States_coins|...
 * I'm sorry; I didn't feel it was necessary to ask your permission to fix the problem, but I probably should have left a note explaining what I did. dbenbenn | talk 23:26, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Duplicates
Can you please answer this question:

How do I create duplicates while editing a section of a Wikipedia article even though I never try to do so?? Georgia guy 23:22, 14 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Loonie
OK, I'll take your word for it. --Neutralitytalk 22:55, Mar 19, 2005 (UTC)

Talk:The value of coins
Thank you (a) for spotting the page and (b) reminding me about it. You had blanked the page, then put a speedy delete tag on it, but your comment was VfD. Normally people put the speedy delete on a page without removing the existing text. So I reverted back with the intention of deleting, but then I got cut off. It is gone now. --Henrygb 09:32, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

User:170.158.96.99
The previous block was 24 hours. I prefer not to inform vandals on how long a block lasts. They'd return to their old habits far too soon. I'd love to give him a longer block, but he only swings by occasionally. The collateral damage would be too large. Feel free to contact someone to block him if you catch him in the act, so we can block him while he's still active so he notices. Sorry, I can't be of more help. Mgm|(talk) 17:43, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Please forward relevant emails to @gmail.com Mgm|(talk) 08:59, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)

 * I haven't heard back from the guy since I introduced myself and suggested to keep him unblocked for a while. I'll see if he can use this latest vandalism to track down the offender. Mgm|(talk) 05:13, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)

entheogens
also posted at Category talk:Entheogens.

Hi chris. The distinction being drawn is, as you say, between mescaline and peyote. Mescaline itself does not have a long history of religious/shamanic use; peyote, on the other hand, does. One of the purposes of this category is to expand the wikipedia categorization of hallucinogens beyond a simple scientific analysis of chemical class. Peyote contains more than just mescaline, to start with; in addition, the qualitative differences between the ingestion and use of peyote and the use of mescaline are great. For instance, peyote is often harvested, prepared, and administered according to strict religious ritual; mescaline can have that sort of associated ritual, but it is very uncommon and does not have the centuries and centuries of history that is associated with Peyote. Mescaline is bought from your local drug dealer and comes gel-capped, Peyote does not. Peyote is harder than mescaline- ie, harder to take, more nausea, etc, resulting in very different qualitative experiences.

The point of the entheogens category is not to categorize all hallucinogens/chemicals that can be used as entheogens. Ecstasy, acid, and ketamine all can be used as entheogens. Instead, the point is to create a category for substances with a tradition of entheogenic usage. Those who use peyote as an entheogen do not use mescaline, although they could; they do not talk about the pharmacological effects of mescaline, but rather the "spirit" of peyote. Many consider gel-capped mescaline to be almost sacraligious.

just to be clear, i am not trying to claim that peyote is "better" than mescaline, or that there is (necessarily) a difference between the effects of peyote and a concoction of pure extracts. There may be a difference, and there may not be. what is at stake here is not the reality of the scientific conception of mescaline as opposed to the reality of the spirit of peyote, or something similar; i don't beleive that such issues will ever be cleared up. Rather, Peyote has a long history of ritualized, entheogenic usage, as well as the idea of reality expressed in and through these ritual uses, while the chemical mescaline has none of these associated with it. The question is not about the truth of reality or the scientific difference between mescaline and peyote, or whether mescaline could be used as an entheogen. rather, it is a question of the great difference in history, culture, and ritual between the two.

Cannabis does have a history of entheogenic usage; you'll notice, however, that THC is not categorized as an entheogen. Tobacco is here but nicotine is not, psilocybes are here but psylocibin is not, ayahuasca is here but DMT and Harmala are not. For the purposes of this category, something is not considered an entheogen by virtue of its being a hallucinogen or its potential uses as an entheogen.

thanks. --Heah 02:23, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * no trouble at all! It makes me happy that people are paying attention to these pages.  I think i'm going to start up a wikiproject dealing with precisely these issues, and i've given somewhat of an outline for it on the wikiproject:drugs talk page if you're interested.  --Heah 02:34, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Are you kidding me? You have Kava listed as an entheogen but not ketamine?  (193.144.34.54 06:54, 10 July 2005 (UTC))

Re: User:220.253.117.193
Hey, Chris, thanks for your good work and vigilance. Yes, I will block him if necessary, although I prefer discussion if possible (yes, I know that most administrators would have already blocked by now). I'll keep an eye on his contributions and if he keeps vandalizing, I'll block. I appreciate all the work you've done reverting. — Knowledge Seeker দ 08:17, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

LOL to your post on my Talk page :). RickK 08:27, Apr 30, 2005 (UTC)

You going to sleep before you go to Ann Arbor, or after you get there? RickK 08:30, Apr 30, 2005 (UTC)

Just don't go to sleep while driving. I'm leaving soon, too, just about time to go to sleep and I am in California. RickK 08:33, Apr 30, 2005 (UTC)

Power off the computer and go to sleep!!!!! RickK 08:35, Apr 30, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks again, Chris. It's obviously taken care of now; have a safe drive. — Knowledge Seeker দ 08:35, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

subst
Whenever you post a template on a talk page, use "subst:" after the double opening braces e.g.  . This will cause the actual text of the template to be saved onto that page. It will help with the vandals you have had to deal with a few minutes ago. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 06:33, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * For more information, see m:Help:Template. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 06:34, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism in progress
Hi, thanks for posting all of the vandalism alerts at WP:VIP recently. If you see several vandals who appear to be the same user, just list one of them and bullet-point them to save space. For example: and so on. (I was using the template for these, btw.)  --Idont Havaname 20:34, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Rotten Articles
They are clearly not simply poorly written editorials, they are encyclopedic articles from a different perspective then the one Wikipedia provides, with information that Wikipedia also doesn't provide. To remove them without reading the specific articles (All of which I read before I added them to Wikipedia, instead of prejudging them as it appears happened after Pavel added me to ViP after assuming, by his own admission, that he hadn't read the articles he complained about) is absurd.--The Grza 02:51, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

As soon as my edits started to be removed (or I became aware of that fact) I stopped adding to it because I'm not a big fan of gigantic retarded edit wars. Actually, in order to make sure this can be a conversation about the quality of the links instead of a fight, I make this gesture: You've missed some, further down the line. I believe Joanie Laurer is the last one not removed, but almost all of my edits after the first Bohemian Grove edit are on this topic. Also, please make sure you don't remove other edits I added while adding these links (not a shot at you, but it happened once in an edit war and it made my head explode).

In reference to your comments about them being poorly written editorials, you removed about 30 of the articles in the course of about 25 minutes, which make your claim that you read each one before deleting it a little bit questionable. Another point I'd like to make is that POV is not a qualifier for removal. In fact Rule 4. on External links says "On articles with multiple Points of View, a link to sites dedicated to each, with a detailed explanation of each link. The number of links dedicated to one POV should not overwhelm the number dedicated to any other. One should attempt to add comments to these links informing the reader of what their POV is."

Many of these articles have the POV of the Rotten Library articles included in the page, but not in the link section. In fact, much of the material that is taken from the Rotten pages and finds it's way into the Wikipage isn't cited anywhere as the source of the information, and I know that I have at least used the page as a source, and there were also a couple pages that included the link already to reference the fact that information had been taken the page.

(Rule 3. Sites that have been cited or used as references in the creation of a text. Intellectual honesty requires that any site actually used as a reference be cited. To fail to do so is plagiarism.)

I don't think that there is a context where these articles aren't allowed under Wikipolicy, not is it vandalism or linkspamming as I have been accused of.--The Grza 03:03, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

As requested by User:Sockatume on the ViP page, I've posted this on RfC under Bohemian Grove (the first page I added a link to). I've also moved our conversation to that talk page in order to centralize it.--The Grza 06:58, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

RfC
What is an RFC and what will it do to Lapsed Pacifist?

Irish-Americans...
Can you hold off removing them for a little bit? I'm afraid it will lead to an edit war and reverts. I'm trying to figure out how to get a policy in place, then we can go through and clean them all up. I'll post the generic proposal location in the talk pages in a few minutes. :) Thanks.  Wikibofh 9 July 2005 19:06 (UTC)

Do not remove any of my additions because all of my additions are legit and I am the main contributor to the list. 64.109.253.204

RfC & List of Irish-Americans
No problem. I would endore as well, except that I think one has to have been involved before the RfC began to do so...hmm, let me go look that up. :) func (talk) 04:27, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

Derek Jeter
Do you have a source that proves Derek Jeter is not Irish? 64.109.253.204 02:41, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Do you have any sources of Derek Jeter having minor ancestry? My sources, which were the only sources provided, all seem to show him having at least 25% Irish ancestry, which does not qualify as minor. 64.109.253.204 06:03, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

The sources I provided. They didn't say distant. 64.109.253.204 06:08, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Do not vandalize wikipedia because you are upset that I had sources on Derek Jeter and you don't. 64.109.253.204 06:16, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

If you want Derek Jeter on the minor ancestry list go ahead and do it, but putting people who are 100%, 50%, and 25% Irish on the minor ancestry section is not a content dispute, it is vandalism. 64.109.253.204 06:26, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Irish-American Mayors
Why should Irish-American Mayors be deleted? It is a perfectly reasonably list? If we delete Irish-American Mayors, than shouldn't we delete all lists of ethnic americans that are specific to one area such as Italian-American Mobsters or African-American Athletes?

Let's Be Friends
I don't have a problem with you and I don't want you to have a problem with me. I might have been in a revert war with Lapsed Pacifist before, but I am not in it anymore and seeing as how that was over, and you were also in that revert war, I do not think you should be so concerned about it. I have been behaving since then. I think most people see I have been behaving because no one has been talking about anything I've done recently, it's all about the revert war that is over. I want us to get along because I know you are a good guy and I don't want you to be frusrated with me. It seems people liked me better when I was breaking some of the rules, but now that I am behaving people are starting to have problems with me out of the blue. You can't RFC me for the revert war, because it is over, and I haven't broken any other rules recently and not currently involved with anything against the rules. Let's just please be friends. 64.109.253.204 03:41, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Why not? I just mean on wikipedia, of course, that we be friendly, I see no reason not to be friendly with each other. Is it because of the Derek Jeter thing? 64.109.253.204 04:07, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

You can't say I didn't try. 64.109.253.204 04:14, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Good faith
I did assume good faith - which is why I went through the time and effort to manually revert, rather than automatically doing it. My decision stands - a change like that needs to be sourced. If the anon didn't know that, now the anon has hopefully learned. Changes like that to a major article should be sourced or be accepted by an editor who knows what's going on and who got there before me. :P I did assume good faith; I'd like you to do the same. (And I apologize if I'm curt, I just woke up) --Golbez 15:41, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

Minor Ancestry
Many of the people Lapsed Pacifist added to the Irish ancestry list are 100%, 50%, and 25% Irish. Do not revert to his edits of them being on a minor ancestry list, because that is not where they belong. 64.109.253.204 06:11, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism
It is really low to vandalism wikipedia just because you are upset that one member has proven you wrong. 64.109.253.204 06:16, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Why do you hate me?
Why do you hate me? Ever since I added Derek Jeter to the list, you've been mean to me. 64.109.253.204 07:54, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Why won't you respond? 64.108.212.56 00:03, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Antonin Scalia
Antonin Scalia is Italian and I wouldn't consider Italians to really be considered white. Brownman40 05:20, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Fair enough. By no means am I dead set on that viewpoint. I'll check out the US Census definition. Thanks. Brownman40 19:37, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Edit summaries
Then why the headers are capitalised on the other 5 Episodes of the Star Wars Saga? Copperchair 04:46, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

With that I have absolutely no problem. My only concern is to have all the articles follow the same format. Copperchair 00:09, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

So proper names should not be capitalized?! Copperchair 08:53, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Chemical names
The ideal current solution will be to move boxes down a paragraph to accomdate the long term. Merely waiting for some other technical solutions doesnt appear to be of a good interest. -St|eve 02:49, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Uploaded at Image:Mdmascr1.png and Image:Mdmascr2.png - delete when done. St|eve 22:16, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

203.112.19.195
Anon deleted your comment on his talk page. It's been reverted (& then removed) twice. I don't want to deal with it; I just wanted you to know. Deh 14:30, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Stop vandalizing my user talk page - If I remove a comment, do not put it back. Thanks! 203.112.19.195 01:11, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It is not acceptable to delete warnings from your user talk page. Doing so is considered to be vandalism. Further deletions will result in escalating warning levels, and if you persist sufficiently, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia.—chris.lawson (talk) 03:28, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Regarding your recent edits to User_talk:203.112.19.195: Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. 203.112.19.195 04:54, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Hi there, Replying to your edit on my user page, even though it's just the excat same thing repeated over again, can you please specificy just what about Japanese Academy Awards was vandlism? Thanks! 203.112.19.195 15:55, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Just FYI, Chris:
 * User talk:Chuck F
 * Requests for comment/Chuck F
 * Requests for arbitration/Chuck F
 * We are being trolled by a sockpuppet of a banned user. More effective measures are available to deal with him, should we choose to make use of them.  --Ardonik.talk* 03:41, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

u.s.
your judgment is harsh. but hey, it's gonn be a contentious page. yaa. Crackatzzl 03:51, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Star Wars
Since you had an opinion about the cast list, you might want to add your voice to another discussion about including the opening crawl in the article. User:Adamwankenobi insists on it, so it's come to a pseudo-vote discussion at Talk:Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith. Coffee 03:40, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

BBC Link on Tibet-related articles

 * The truth the mainland Chinese government doesn't want you to know...

How in the world is my edit considered meaningless?? That's YOUR point of view. I know that a lot of people would find that helpful and encylopedic. --FT in Leeds 01:37, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Duh. The Panchen Lama is related to the Dalai Lama.  Both are related to Buddhism.  Both are related to Tibeten Buddhism.  And, because of the religious nature of Tibet, it is related to Tibet as well.  Read the articles, and if you still disagree, please let me know.  --FT in Leeds 02:04, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Did you read the article? How is it meaningless?  Please explain that on my talk page please.--FT in Leeds 02:59, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Why are you bugging me so much!?--FT in Leeds 03:07, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * ADDING A LINK IS NOT VANDALISM. THIS IS UNFAIR!--FT in Leeds 03:12, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * LOOK, I'VE EXPLAINED TO YOU THAT THE LINK IS NOT OUT OF PLACE. LET ME REITTERATE:  The Panchen Lama is related to the Dalai Lama.  Both are related to Buddhism.  Both are related to Tibeten Buddhism.  And, because of the religious nature of Tibet, it is related to Tibet as well. --FT in Leeds 03:14, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

NEUTRAL POINT OF VIEW
I'VE READ AND UNDERSTAND NEUTRAL POINT OF VIEW. UNFORTUNATELY, THERE ARE HUNDREDS OF ARTICLES THAT ARE NOT NEUTRAL. FOR EXAMPLE, HOW CAN THERE BE TWO PANCHEN LAMAS? ONE IS REAL AND THE OTHER IS PLACED BY A COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT. BOTH ARE DISTINCT POINTS OF VIEW, YET BOTH ARTCILES EXIST. EACH OF THE TWO TAKES A VERY DISTANT SIDE AND ARE EXTREMELY POV. EXPLAIN THAT...--FT in Leeds 03:21, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

You explanation was meaningless. Please try again.--FT in Leeds 03:37, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

VANDALISM
What vandalism are you talking about? You think everything I do is vandalism. Can you be more specific???--FT in Leeds 03:51, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

MoS
What's MOS? I wasn't vandalising anything.--FT in Leeds 03:52, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

More Vandalism
While you are removing vandalism, please remove that penis pictures on that page. By the way, that wasn't me. It was probably Hottentot.--FT in Leeds 03:55, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Well, gotta go
It was nice wasting everyone's time tonight. I hope I don't see you again. Bye.--FT in Leeds 04:00, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Jean Overton Fuller
Bah, you're right -- somehow I'd missed the earlier versions by you and Rich Farnborough that didn't contain copyrighted material. I can only plead that I process a lot of copyvios and occasionally one bites me: I'm sorry. I note you've written a fuller article now: I've restored those earlier revisions to the history. Thanks for the heads-up and sorry to have missed those! --Ngb?!? 07:56, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Calton
Calton never should have reverted without adding in the other information he takes out by reverting. 65.42.87.249 16:51, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

NOT a sandbox article!!
Err... my posting the NPOV thing on the medical marijuana site was NOT a test. That article is really biased toward marijuana legalization and I'd appreciate it if you would look over the article that I flagged. 66.125.228.62 02:32, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

Sorry about the history for dollar coin
Hey, I wanted to appologize for what I said earlier on the dollar coin history page. Sometimes I have mood swings when I have low blood sugar and can sometimes become irratated easily. I thought that you were just reverting without knowing the whole story. I am sorry for this.

--Kurthalomieu J. McCool 06:02, September 12, 2005 (UTC)

Malcolm X
Hello Clawson. My recent changes to the Malcom X wiki were backed up with references from wiki articles. I am going to put my changes back. If you remove them again, I will file a complaint with wikipedia for your removal. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.23.104.48 (talk • contribs)
 * First of all, threats only go so far. Second, if you want to be a true contributor and not just a hack, then sign up for an account and become a regular. I too will be watching the Malcom X page for vandalism, since one or two people can't always be on to watch it. Davidpdx 9/13/05 10:35 UTC

Malcolm X / 3RR
Hi Clawson —

I'd like to just remind you that Wikipedia's three-revert rule doesn't only apply to those who are changing the article; it also applies to those changing it back. I blocked User:70.23.104.48, as he had been explicitly warned against continuing the revert war. However, in future, please try to enlist the help of other editors to prevent yourself from violating 3RR when another user keeps changing an article. This isn't just pointless beaurocracy: it helps show a united voice and makes clear to the other editor that it's not just an argument between two people (though I realize his had been reverted by other editors earlier).

Don't worry too much about it now, but do keep it in mind in the future. — Asbestos | Talk   (RFC)  17:36, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The user in question was, essentially, vandalising the article. He had been asked multiple times to stop, and at least one other editor (Jpgordon) had attempted to engage the user in dialogue as well. We were both unsuccessful, and since the user kept adding irrelevant information, I figured the standard "3RR does not apply to vandalism" guideline would apply, so I kept reverting his irrelevant edits.—chris.lawson (talk) 20:47, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

This simply isn't true. First, the information I added was directly relevant to the credibility of the source. You got involved in the revert-war simply because it amused you to do so. It was more exciting than anything on television that night. You might as well just admit it.

Anyway, looking down your talk page, it seems you enjoy getting into reversion wars with others, as well. I can only assume it amuses you. So now that you have had 24 hours to cool down and think things over, I have decided to put my changes back on the page. Hopefully this time you will take the time to read the reference and go to your favorite search engine and do a websearch on "Alex Haley and plagiarism".

 * I understood that that's what you felt, and that's why I said don't worry too much, but the vandalism clause is there for straightforward vandalism ("Wikipedia sUks and ur gAy"), and not for content disputes. The user may have been rude, and didn't know anything about discussing his edits instead of trying to force them through, but it was still a content dispute.

Absolutely - clawson you are disputing my content. You simply don't like the sound of the truth. It forces you have to rethink your own bigoted ideals, something you would rather not do. My facts are backed up with references, unlike yours. To be honest, I don't think you have any facts. You just like deleting stuff that doesn't resonate with you. You are the vandal, and I have made your activites known to Wikipedia.

 * Anyway, through email I've encouraged him to get a username and start making proper use of the talk page. Hopefully he'll start to realize that his current tactic won't get him anywhere, and start acting civilized. — Asbestos | Talk   (RFC)  22:15, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

Ray Nagin
Thanks for your support on the discussion page. --JimmyCrackedCorn 18:28, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

Edit war
Wikipedia has a three-revert rule in order to avoid edit wars. Your edits to Flying Spaghetti Monsterism, if continued, will place you in violation of this rule. You have been warned.24.146.19.164 00:46, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Talk Page Harassment
PLEASE stop filling my talk page with messages I have already read. It's ANNOYING and an abuse of the system to have needless messages popping up all over my screen. I'm not sure why you DUBIOUSLY claimed I ought not blank my talk page because it is needed by administrators, when it's perfectly well known to you, a frequent Wikipedia user, that, not only are your accusations of abuse completely unfounded, A PERFECT COPY OF EVERY EDIT MADE TO MY TALK PAGE IS SAVED< READY AND AVAILABLE TO ALL WHO WANT TO VIEW IT. I have already apologised for calling you without explicitly getting your permission prior to doing so, even though your public website lists your number along with an invitation to call you. Now please stop violating MY boundaries by harassing me via my talk page. 24.146.19.164 01:13, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I will once again request that you STOP harrassing me by entering needless, unwanted, repetative messages on my talk page. If you don't stop, I will have no choice but to contact an administrator to help sort things out.  24.146.19.164 01:20, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Also, I find it EXTREMELY suspicious that you apparently collaborate with 'Alkivar', who is a well known and admitted drug abuser. 24.146.19.164 01:22, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Because you continue to harrass me, I have requested we receieve mediation. PLEASE stop modifying my talk page, at least until the mediation process is complete.  24.146.19.164 01:35, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

I've blocked User:24.146.19.164 for 24 hours. Is that address posted on his talk page correct, and if so, do you want me to remove it from the page history? --fvw *  02:26, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Yeah, that's a correct address. It's publicly available elsewhere, but I don't appreciate his stalking. Please remove it from the page history, if you don't mind.—chris.lawson (talk) 02:28, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. --fvw *  02:31, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

3-revert rule / User:24.222.79.90
Heh, I was just going to report this guy, and noticed you'd already done it! Thanks, you saved me some hassle. --W.marsh 07:22, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

They're all after me
Yeah, comes with the territory of occasional RC patrol and other admin-like tasks, I guess. Wouldn't be the first time I had ruffled a few anon feathers in one evening. Note to self: see what can be done about developing some consensus on "BCE" in articles about religions other than Christianity.—chris.lawson (talk) 07:26, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, and sorry about the edit conflict -- didn't know you'd get to it that fast! :)—chris.lawson (talk) 07:27, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * That's a tough one, you'll want to have a look at the evidence linked in the arbitration case between Jguk and slrubenstein .--fvw *  07:36, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
 * And you edit-conflicted again. This confrontational behaviour of yours has got to stop. :-P --fvw *  07:36, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Bogdanoff affair reversion
Thank you for your reply. The address of the Bogdanoff affair is :

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bogdanov_Affair&oldid=23847364

The problem is that this "rbj" is frenetically reverting the page in spite of the consensus of administrators and contributors. Rbj is falsifying the information by a twisted presentation of facts. He should be stopped urgently.

Thank you for yur help,

Igor

PS. It's strange you like aviation : I am a pilote myself (instructor) of planes and helicopters  (Gazelle SA 341,  Jet Ranger B2, Long Ranger,  etc).

Thanks for your help on Atheism/Theism/Agnosticism
Thanks for your help against Adrigo's unilateral edits and reverts, I was beginning to despair and think I was alone caring about those articles. Even having another editor step in in his favor would have relieved me. Jules LT 20:47, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Open proxy?
just blanked User talk:70.124.106.230 twice, where I left a {test2} for adding a bunch of vulgarity to George W. Bush earlier. Looks like a proxy to me.—chris.lawson (talk) 00:48, 24 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Yup, blocked. --fvw *  00:53, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Same vandal is at it again, using to blank all these pages I've warned in the last 20 minutes.—chris.lawson (talk) 01:06, 24 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Another open proxy, blocked. --fvw *  01:08, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Same vandal is at it again, using to blank all these pages I've warned in the last 20 minutes.—chris.lawson (talk) 01:06, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Gosh, annoying. Thanks for the talk page fixup. If this anonymous proxying keeps up I may have to dust off my proxyblocker bot... Blocked. --fvw<SMALL> * </SMALL> 01:19, 24 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, if you don't mind I'm only going to respond to your open proxy reports on my own talk page from now on, at least for tonight. This constant copy and pasting is too much effort, and it's not like you'll miss anything should one response get lost in the hubbub. --fvw<SMALL> * </SMALL> 01:19, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Vandal whacking!
Oh, the fun I'm having making these turkeys go away for a day. Keep up the good work. You think these nincompoops would have something better to do on a Friday night! - Lucky 6.9 01:17, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Absolutely. Much more satisfying. I swear, it drives me up the wall to see what some people do when they see the words, "anyone can edit." We persist. :) - Lucky 6.9 01:21, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Excellent idea. In fact, I was trying to think of a way to doll up the sig anyway. I'll hit that later tonight from the old homestead. - Lucky 6.9 01:24, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Re: Recent vandals
OK, I'm watching. JeremyA (talk) 02:31, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism.
I am not vandalizing the Star Wars articles, I am fixing them. Mine are good faith edits. Thank you. Copperchair 05:05, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

If you keep messing with my talk page, then I'll have to mess with yours. Copperchair 12:47, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

And I am not "blanking my Talk page in order to hide legitimate criticism" as you put it. Since I am not vandalizing anything, I decided to remove those posts. My warning remains. Copperchair 13:08, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Then begin yourself a new post. Copperchair 08:45, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

Until that happens, keep away from my talk page. Final warning. Copperchair 18:45, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

I did explain I edited the pages following the movie's credits order. Copperchair 01:19, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

John F. Kennedy, Jr.
Thanks for your shrill condescension! -- James
 * By the way, "crackpot" is personally insulting! -- James

Clawson, if you go around purging pages of all references to the subject's possible political assassination, like Princess Diana and John Lennon, you'll find that your personal standard for a reliable source clashes with the standards of the community. You seem to think you can label a claim as "crackpot" and then take that label itself as proof that the source is not reliable. That's circular reasoning. Your opinion of a source doesn't make it reliable or unreliable. -- James

Impersonations
Thanks for the heads up, although I did ,in fact, post the comment on the Malcom X:Talk page. Refugee621 23:43, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Injoined User
The user user:Adrigo who has been editing articles related to theism, atheism, and agnosticism, is Donald Alford (AKA DotSix) who has been injoined by the Arb Committee from editing any page except the evidence page for his Arb Hearing and his own user pages. Please revert EVERY edit he makes to any other page, including talk pages, with a simple comment that he is injoined. Please do not argue with him. Doing so just feeds a troll. Thank you. --Nate Ladd 01:40, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

WP:CIVIL, WP:NPA
You need to reel it in and take a break, a lot of your recent comments are in violation of WP:CIVIL and WP:NPA. Agriculture 16:02, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

XF-11
Seeing your interest in the XF-11, I thought I'd share a tangential story I have that involves the plane.

In 1991 I was at a watch repair shop in Riverside, CA called Gell's. Mr. Gell and his shop had been around quite some time and he'd accumulated an impressive selection of vintage wristwatches. One that caught my eye was an wartime-era bulky pink gold Charles Nicolet swiss chronograph.

On its back an engraved message read to the effect that the watch is given to William Durkin by Howard Hughes with gratitude on something-something 1946. This was one of the gifts offered Durkin by Hughes for pulling him from the wreckage of the crashed XF-11.

Even though it was priced at $500 I passed as it wasn't a very pretty or functional watch. I've been kicking myself ever since. FeloniousMonk 18:36, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

Wedge Antilles credit
OK, now I get what you were trying to say there, sorry for removing it. The Wookieepedian 13:03, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
for the info - I hadn't made that connection. Guettarda 13:07, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * That also explains in the Nagin bus AfD(s) why I topped the list of people JCC attacked. I was rather confused, since I had never interacted with him...I was wondering if JCC was a sockpuppet of someone else.  But this makes a lot of sense.  Guettarda 13:22, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Copperchair
I would suggest filing an RFC against him; if he's really that disruptive, it might be best. Make sure if you do so, though, that someone else who has dealt with him first-hand will sign with you, or it will be deleted. Ral 315   WS  23:50, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think you did anything wrong. But as a rule, reverting talk page blanking on an IP is one thing.  Doing so on a registered user is another.  I'm not sure I agree with it, but it seems general consensus.  And I don't think mediation is always a punishment...it's clear that both of you are having a dispute, and could use having it worked out.  Remember...counseling isn't just for the person in the wrong, it's for all parties involved.  Such is the same with mediation.  You're a good editor, keep up the good work- but for the sake of this argument, mutual mediation might be a good idea.   Ral  315   WS  04:30, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Not just for violating policy...but mediation can help cooler heads prevail (and if it doesn't, you can go to arbitration). Either way, I think it's more for Copperchair and the article itself than it is for you personally.   Ral  315   WS  04:50, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Ehrlich/Adrigo/DotSix
On User:Ehrlich being a sockpuppet of Adrige/DotSix, please see the latest addition in Dot6's case page/my statement. Jules LT 14:39, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

spolier tag
OK, I see what you mean. The Wookieepedian 16:05, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

I've protected Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back
I've protected the ESB article until some sort of consensus on how to credit Denis Lawson is established. This is an exceedingly silly edit war, and I'm sure some sort of decision agreeable to all can be made. - A Man In <span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; color:#000000;">Black (Talk | Contribs) 07:22, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for the help with the Rfc. I appreciate it. HistoryBA 02:03, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

That proxy-bot of yours
I just noticed a posting on Talk:Ashida Kim that, through a couple links, took me here, which you might want your proxy-detection bot to take a look at.--chris.lawson 21:49, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * That's one of the lists I'm using, was there an open proxy on it that didn't get blocked in the bot run? Please let me know if there is, that could mean a bug (or it could have just been down during the scan of course). --fvw<SMALL> * </SMALL> 07:56, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I dunno. I just saw the post by those nutjobs and figured I'd give you a heads-up. It doesn't look like they've been able to do any large-scale disruption yet, so you've probably taken care of most of the ones on that list.--chris.lawson 11:44, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * On second thought, you might wanna take a look at .--chris.lawson 11:59, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Looks like an innocent-and-pure-as-driven-snow italian cablemodem to me. --fvw<SMALL> * </SMALL> 12:07, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

My opinion = useless?
So, what makes my opinion useless? The fact that I don't agree with you? Yes, I don't want it to be on a set standard. But you know what? I'm not inclined follow your God damned opinions at all. If you don't want our suggestions, yes, you can go farming for anyone to agree with you and avoid anyone who does not. - A Link to the Past (talk) 04:48, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Coins, coins, coins
I'm glad to see you're helping fill in the coin article gaps in Wikipedia. Keep up the good work. --Kurthalomieu J. McCool 04:41, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

A call for mediation
I've made a call for mediation in the many style disputes over the various Star Wars articles at Talk:Star Wars. Your comment and participation would be appreciated. - A Man In <span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; color:#000000;">Black (conspire | past ops) 10:49, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Mediation
Hello Clawson. A Man In Black has filed a mediation over Star Wars related articles and styles. I urge you to accept the case and follow the suggested injunction, to keep the temperature down. I see this is a pretty big case, so I've assigned Ed Poor, one of our best mediators, to look at it. The case is listed at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_mediation#Dispute_over_style_in_Star_Wars_articles. I am waiting for Ed to accept, which he says he's gonna look over and accept tomorrow. Cheers! R e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:31, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Hello
Thanks you for joining the WikiProject:Numismatics. There is a to do list on the front page if you are looking for something write. Also, you can add this to your user page to show that you're a member of the project: Which looks like this: Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]  15:37, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Clawson/Archives/Talk 1


text: Category:Germany university stubs

title: Category:Germany university stubs


text:
Talk:Interstate 540

Note:
That when Raleigh's outer loop (I-540) is finished, it will be re-numbered to I-640

title: Talk:Interstate 540


text: User talk:69.120.9.254

title: User talk:69.120.9.254


text:
Centennial Bridge

Centennial Bridge may refer to:

Canada

 * Centennial Bridge (New Brunswick), over the Miramichi River, in Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada

China

 * Haikou Century Bridge

Panama

 * Centennial Bridge, Panama, which crosses the Panama Canal

United States

 * Centennial Bridge (Leavenworth, Kansas), over the Missouri River, connecting Leavenworth, Kansas and Platte County, Missouri
 * Centennial Bridge (Center Valley, Pennsylvania), an arch bridge in Center Valley, Pennsylvania
 * Centennial Covered Bridge, a replica wooden covered bridge in Cottage Grove, Oregon
 * Rock Island Centennial Bridge, connecting Rock Island, Illinois and Davenport, Iowa
 * Teegarden-Centennial Covered Bridge, over Little Beaver Creek, in Columbiana County, Ohio
 * Veterans Memorial Centennial Bridge, in Idaho (formerly Bennett Bay Centennial Bridge)

Windows 10

 * The codename for the application bridge used to port Win32 desktop apps to the Universal Windows Platform

title: Centennial Bridge


text: Talk:Centennial Bridge

title: Talk:Centennial Bridge


text:
Talk:The Renaissance EP

Fair use rationale for Image:The Renaissance EP.jpg
Image:The Renaissance EP.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:46, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:The Renaissance EP.jpg
Image:The Renaissance EP.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 02:27, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Renaissance EP


text:
Prime vertical

In astronomy, astrology, and geodesy, the prime vertical or first vertical is the vertical circle passing east and west through the zenith of a specific location, and intersecting the horizon in its east and west points. In other words, the prime vertical is the vertical circle perpendicular to the meridian, and passes through the east and west points, zenith, and nadir of any place.

"A heavenly body is in or on the prime vertical when it bears true east or true west—when it is at right angles to the meridian. When a body is observed on the prime vertical for the purpose of calculating the longitude, a considerable error in the latitude by dead-reckoning (used in the computation) will not appreciably affect the result. By this it will be understood that the best time to observe a longitude sight (be it sun, moon, planet, or star) is when the body is on the prime vertical; but it is to be explained that it is not always possible to obtain such an observation, for a heavenly body can only be true east or true west when its declination is of the same name as the ship's latitude and less than the latter. When the declination of the body is of the same name but greater than the ship's latitude, the body's nearest approach will be some time after it has risen; but when the declination is of a contrary nature to the latitude, the body will be the nearest to the prime vertical at its rising and setting."

title: Prime vertical


text: File:MxPx - The Renaissance EP cover.jpg


text:
Janjero

Janjero may refer to

 * Kingdom of Janjero, a former kingdom in Ethiopia
 * Yem people, an ethnic group in Ethiopia also known as Janjero
 * Yemsa language, a language spoken in Ethiopia

title: Janjero


text:
The Journal of American History

The Journal of American History is the official academic journal of the Organization of American Historians. It covers the field of American history and was established in 1914 as the Mississippi Valley Historical Review, the official journal of the Mississippi Valley Historical Association. After the publication of its fiftieth volume, the recognition of a shift in the direction of the membership and its scholarship led to the name change in 1964.

The journal is headquartered in Bloomington, Indiana, where it has close ties to the History Department at Indiana University. It is published quarterly in March, June, September, and December.

Proceedings of the Mississippi Valley Historical Association

 * Benjamin F. Shambaugh (1908–14)

Mississippi Valley Historical Review

 * Clarence W. Alvord (1914–23)
 * Lester B. Shippee (1923–24)
 * Milo M. Quaife (1924–30)
 * Arthur Charles Cole (1930–41)
 * Louis Pelzer (1941–46)
 * Wendell H. Stephenson (1946–53)
 * William C. Binkley (1953–63)
 * Oscar O. Winther (1963–64)

Journal of American History

 * Oscar O. Winther (1964–66)
 * Martin Ridge (1966–78)
 * Lewis Perry (1978–84)
 * Paul Lucas (1984–85)
 * David Thelen (1985–99)
 * Joanne Meyerowitz (1999–2004)
 * David Nord (2004–05)
 * Edward T. Linenthal (2005–2016)
 * Benjamin H. Irvin (2017—present)

title: The Journal of American History


text:
Vingle

A vingle is a portmanteau of video and single. The neologism refers to music videos that can be mixed by VJs in the same way that DJs mix regular music singles.

The word was coined by a group of VJs in London in late 2003, at the This Is Clip Hop party during ResFest, organised by the audio-visual artist collective "0.1". Vingles were subsequently seen in 0.1's launch party for Hewlett-Packard's HyPe Gallery project..

An example vingle would be Hexstatic's Timber.

Apple Computer has applied for a trademark on the term.

title: Vingle


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dubism

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Gareth Hughes 21:44, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Dubism
its true — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.242.211.189 (talk • contribs) 00:16, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This afd nomination was incomplete. Listing now.  Delete, nonsense, and I rather suspect a nonsense tag would stick on it, though some of it is sort of coherent. —Cryptic (talk) 12:00, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom.    Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   14:08, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * There isn't a nomination. Uncle G 14:35, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Wasn't Cryptic (talk) listing a nom? Delete anyway.   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   15:40, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The article is about a religion whose holy books it states to be "the Duble, the Dorah, Dubdas and the Du'ran", one of whose tenets it states to be "There Is No Pie", and whose characters it states to include the "Muffins of Doom". This is an obvious parody.  Furthermore its edit history shows that it is a parody being constructed here on Wikipedia directly.  Ironically, the article appears unrelated to the fact that people who have ceased to be Jehovah's Witnesses refer to practitioners of that religion as "dubs" and the religion as "dubism". Delete. Uncle G 14:35, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Delete per Uncle G. Xoloz 12:12, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN --Rogerd 09:44, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dubism


text:
Kélo, Chad

Kélo (كيلو) is a city in southwest Chad, its fifth largest city by population. It is also the capital of the department of Tandjilé Ouest.

title: Kélo, Chad


text: Wikipedia:Files for deletion/2005 October 15


text:
Unstone

Unstone is a village and civil parish in the English county of Derbyshire, in the North East Derbyshire administrative district approximately 1 mi south east of Dronfield. It is also close to the town of Chesterfield. The River Drone and the Midland Main Line railway run through the village, which has a population of over 1,000, increasing to 1,876 and including Apperknowle at the time of the 2011 Census.

Originally, Unstone Main Colliery was the primary source of employment for the village; it was the largest colliery of the group around Unstone. It was served by a Midland Railway branch line which connected it to the main line in Dronfield and Sheepbridge. Although it ceased working around 1900, there are significant remains in the woodland area of both the railway and mine coal mines.

Unstone community centre is built on the former trackbed of the Midland branch next to the former overbridge on Crow Lane.

The village has more than doubled in size over the past century. A modern housing estate, Unstone Green, was built at the other side of the railway line from the original village. The majority of the estate, which was built in the 1940s, was initially intended to be temporary housing for the many coal miners in the area, but it is still intact today. Originally on the A61 trunk road, the village is now bypassed by the Unstone-Dronfield Bypass dual carriageway.

The village has two schools: Unstone St Mary's Infant School on Crow Lane and Unstone Junior School on Main Road.

The village has a parish council. Unstone Grange, run by a registered charity is a retreat that describes itself as "a centre for personal creative growth."

There are bus services to Chesterfield, Sheffield and Holmesfield.

The village used to be served by the now-closed Unstone railway station.

Landmarks are a TV transmitter and a railway viaduct. There is one public house, the Horse and Jockey. The village post office closed in 2019.

title: Unstone


text:
AV idol

An AV idol (AVアイドル) or AV actress (AV女優) is a type of pornographic film actress in Japan. It is a sub-category of the idol culture in Japanese pop entertainment. AV idols work in the pornographic business, often both as an actress as well as a model as the video performances vary widely, from suggestive softcore imagery to hardcore pornography. The industry is noted for having frequent turnovers; since the dawn of the AV industry in the early 1980s, hundreds of AV idols have debuted every year, with an average career span of about a year, appearing in five or ten videos during that time. Some successful AV idols move into daytime television or other fields after their careers have waned, while the reverse can happen as well where actresses move into pornographic videos if their normal work has dried up.

AV industry in Japan
The line between "adult" and "family" entertainment in Japan is not as clear-cut as it is in some other countries. A celebrity may appear in AVs after already having established a career in mainstream television. Also, it is not rare for a popular AV actress to go on to become a mainstream celebrity.

The AV, or "Adult Video" market is a major industry in Japan, reportedly worth about ¥400 billion ($4 billion) per year. In 1992, it was reported that over 11 AVs were being made every day by over 70 production companies in Tokyo alone. The AV market was estimated to make up about 30 percent of Japan's video rentals. It was estimated in 1994 that, between legal and illegal videos, around 14,000 AVs a year were being made in the country, in contrast to about 2,500 in the United States. In an English language interview in 2011, AV idol Azusa Maki estimated that as many as 10,000 girls attempt to get into the Japanese AV industry each year.

AV actresses
AV performers were often struggling actresses who could not find work in the theatrical Roman Porno films and girls from the soaplands. AV star Kaoru Kuroki has been credited with raising the status of AV idols in the public's eye. According to cultural essayist Rosemary Iwamura, "She didn't seem to be making videos because of a lack of options but rather as an informed choice." AV actresses are usually recruited by scouts in Tokyo neighborhoods such as Roppongi, Shinjuku and Matahine. These scouts are affiliated with talent agencies that then hire actresses for AV production companies. Some women wishing to appear in AVs apply to production companies, but they are usually referred to talent agencies. The production companies are typically charged ¥1.5 million (US$15,000) or more for an actress to appear in a video. AV actresses make between ¥200,000 and 4 million yen per video. Steve Scott, president of Third World Media, an importer of Japanese adult movies to the United States, estimated a top-tier AV star could make up to nearly ¥36 million for an eight-picture deal.

AV fans are invited to follow the progress of a prominent AV actress' career over several video appearances. In her AV debut video, the actress is introduced as a "new face," and her inexperience is played up in interviews preceding the modeling and sex scenes. Following this debut video, the AV audience follows the actress' journey through sexual awakening, and her eventual specialization, after about five AV appearances, in a specific genre such as lesbianism or SM. Once the actress has established herself as a mature AV star, she has the options of continuing into some of the more outrageous AV genres, retiring, or, sometimes, re-emerging under a new name as a "new face."

In 2022, the Japanese government passed a new law that made pornography legal in the country. The new set of laws also aims to protect actors who were pressured into entering the industry, by giving them the right to prohibit the sale of videos in which they appear after five years from the initial release date.

Types
The author Nicholas Bornoff identifies some Japanese AV stereotypes as "...the prim Office Lady, the virgin-next-door, the randy farm girl, the leotarded aerobics enthusiast, the sexy predator in the hot-spring resort and ... the self-assertive slut who is put in her place by being gang-banged on the floor of the cutting room."

AV director "Tarzan" Yagi says that a successful AV actress should fit a stereotype that "can be identified at a glance, making it easier for viewers to recognize the type they prefer." Yagi mentions "the 'slender' type, 'Lolita' type, 'buxom' type and so on."

Some AV idols have garnered a substantial following outside Japan, resulting in some of their content being subtitled into other languages.

In June 2008, a bill that proposed the imposition of a ban on child-pornography possession was submitted to the House of Representatives of Japan where it was brought before the Diet in September, but failed to pass. On 15 July 2014, penalties were added to the simple possession of child pornography as a result of the revision of the law.

Some major AV types include:

Schoolgirl (Joshikōsei)
The stereotype of the cute ("kawaii") and innocent-looking but sexually eager female high school student in a school uniform. AV idols of this sort are innumerable and ever-changing, though most are 18 years of age or older. The schoolgirl trope is a reflection of the JK business (compensated dating with adolescent girls), which is popular with older men.

Busty (Bakunyū)
While a few early AV idols such as Kyoko Nakamura and Eri Kikuchi established careers due primarily to large breasts, Noriyuki Adachi sets Kimiko Matsuzaka's 1989 debut as the point at which the "Big Bust Boom" (巨乳ブーム - Kyonyu Boom) began. A string of big-bust AV idols followed, including Hitomi Tanaka, Fuko, Miki Sawaguchi, Mariko Morikawa, Rin Aoki, Nozomi Momoi and Anna Ohura. By the mid-1990s, the Big Bust genre had become a staple of the AV industry.

Mature (Jukujo)
The vast majority of AV actresses debut in their late teens, but in the mid-1990s a trend for "mature women" became evident. While youth remained the norm, the broadening in tastes led to "mature" AV stars like Aki Tomosaki in 2000, Asuka Yūki in 2005 and Maki Tomoda in 2006, all of whom had passed their 30th birthdays at the time of their debuts. These actresses became popular in AVs with an incest theme. Yoko Shimada, the international actress, did AV with TEK-032 and TEK-034 sold on R18.com, a former channel that specialised in AV films.

title: AV idol


text:
General Service Code

General Service Code is a code that was used during the American Civil War. The code uses one flag or two torches.

The flags come in three color schemes: a red square in the middle of a white background, white on black, or black on white. The flag that is used at any time depends on the visibility.

The flags come in three sizes: two feet by two feet, four by four, and six by six. The 2x2 flags are used in battle to send messages back to headquarters and to send back commands, sometimes by more than one signaler. The 4x4 flags are used for almost everything else. The 6x6 flags are for sending messages that can't wait until night so they could use the torches. These flags are so heavy that no one really wanted to use them.

One torch is put on a pole and waved around and is called the action torch. The other was stuck on a stake and called the foot torch. The purpose of the foot torch is to decipher if the message is meant for you or for the guy on the other side of the sender.

The torches run on turpentine. Turpentine is used in the torches because it burns brighter than kerosene. People don't use turpentine in lamps because it is far too volatile to be used in that manner.

The code uses three positions. Position one is to the left. Position two is to the right. Position three is forward. The following is the code and shortcuts.

A 11   B 1221  C 212   D 111   E 21    F 1112  G 1122  H 211   I 2     J 2211 K 1212 L 112   M 2112  N 22    O 12    P 2121  Q 2122  R 122   S 121   T 1 U 221  V 2111  W 2212  X 1211  Y 222   Z 1111 1 12221 2 21112 3 11211 4 11121 5 11112 6 21111 7 22111 8 22221 9 22122 0 11111 & 2222 -tion 2221   -ing 1121  -ed 1222 121212         Error 3              End of word 33             End of sentence 333            End of message 11, 11, 11, 3  Message received or understood 11, 11, 11, 333 Cease signaling 1 Wait a moment. 2  Are you ready? 3 I am ready. 4 Use short pole and small flag. 5  Use long pole and large flag. 6 Work faster. 7 Did you understand? 8  Use white flag. 9 Use black flag. 0 Use red flag. A  After                         B Before C Can                           Imy Immediately                   N Not Q Quiet                         R   Are                           U You Y Why

[[Media:Signal Corps Association 1860 ~ 1861]]

title: General Service Code


text:
User talk:Payter471

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Evil Monkey∴Hello 00:19, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Payter471


text:
Category:American inventors

American inventors, persons who created or discovered a new method, form, device or other useful means that became known as an invention.

title: Category:American inventors


text:
User talk:204.10.219.183

April 2016
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Seven Hills School. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. Iago Qnsi (talk) 21:59, 11 April 2016 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Please stop adding unsourced content, as you did to This Is Where It Ends. This contravenes Wikipedia's policy on verifiability. If you continue to do so, you may be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Binksternet (talk) 15:02, 20 April 2016 (UTC)

This is your only warning; if you vandalize Wikipedia again, as you did at Córdoba, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. —S MALL JIM   13:36, 22 April 2016 (UTC)

March 2021
Hello, I'm Serols. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions—specifically this edit to Stereotypes of groups within the United States—because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Help desk. Thanks. Serols (talk) 15:23, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:204.10.219.183


text:
Rice Memorial High School

Rice Memorial High School is a coeducational Roman Catholic secondary and college preparatory school in South Burlington, Vermont. It is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Burlington. The student body is mostly drawn from Northern and Central Vermont but includes other students including international students. The school and buildings were named for Bishop Joseph Rice who had established Cathedral High School in 1917.

History
Rice Memorial High School was opened on February 1, 1959 by Bishop Robert Joyce. Previous to this the school was known as Cathedral High School, which had been founded in 1917, and was located in Burlington, Vermont. Rice Memorial High School was built to replace the decaying building of Cathedral High School. On the day it became Rice Memorial High School, 900 students marched from the old Cathedral High School to the new high school. The school equally recognizes the graduates of both schools, Cathedral/Rice, as a "joint" alumni.

Boys' basketball had a 54-6 record from the fall season of 2007 through January 2009. Its only losses were to Burlington High School. Burlington's only loss since the 2007 season had been to Rice, in the 2009 State Championship They played Burlington High School in consecutive seasons, 2007–09, for the Vermont State Division I championship's, winning in 2007-09. From 2007-14, the boys' basketball team played in 7 out of 8 finals, winning 5 state titles.

In 2009, a fire caused damage to the gymnasium.

Academic
The school is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges.

Students
The student body has approximately 400 students, approximately 2/3 of whom are Catholic. 21 courses are offered in the Honors and Advanced Placement programs. In 2006, 64% of students scored 3 or higher on Advanced Placement exams. The average SAT score is 1799. 96% of students are accepted into four-year colleges.

Faculty
The average faculty member has 17 years experience, and 68% of the faculty have advanced degrees.

Tuition
Tuition for the 2023-2024 academic year is $12,900.

Principals
?
 * 1) Msgr. Raymond Adams first Principal, 1959-1964
 * 1) Msgr. Wendell Searles 1966-1975
 * 2) Rev. Roland Rivard 1975-1982
 * 3) Rev. Ronald Soutiere 1982
 * 4) Mr. John Lemon 1982
 * 5) Mr. Phillip Soltau 1982-1984
 * 6) Bro. John Collignon 1984-1994
 * 7) Bro. Roger Lemoyne 1994-1998
 * 8) Mr. John McCarthy 1998-2003
 * 9) Dr. Alan Crowley (1976) 2003-2006
 * 10) Msgr. Bernie Bourgeois 2006-2016
 * 11) Sister Laura Della Santa 2016-2017
 * 12) Lisa Lorenz 2017–2022
 * 13) Dr. Andrew Keough, Interim, 2022-2023
 * 14) Mr. Andrew Nagy 2023-present

Athletics
About 80% of the students participate in interscholastic athletics. There are 32 athletic teams that compete in 17 different sports. The school's prime rival is cross-town Burlington High School. Rice Memorial's mascot is the Green Knight.

In 2022, both the girls basketball and boys basketball won the division 1 state championship.

Rice Memorial boys basketball has won 18 Vermont state championships, with their most recent championship being in 2022 where they won without any seniors on their roster.

Recognition
State Championships:

 * Division II Boys' Golf (2014)
 * Division I Boys' Ice Hockey (1994, 1995)
 * Division I Girls' Soccer (1999)
 * Division I Boys' Baseball (1964, 2014, 2015)
 * Division I Boys' Basketball (1968, 1970, 1971, 1980, 1985, 2000, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2020, 2022)
 * Division I Girls' Basketball (1980, 1983, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2011, 2012)
 * Division I Boys' Tennis (1984, 1987)
 * Division I Girls' Tennis (1985, 1988, 2008)
 * Division II Boys' Soccer (1994, 2001, 2014)
 * Division II Girls' Track & Field (1994)
 * Division II Girls' Soccer (1989, 1997, 2019, 2021, 2022)
 * Division II Boys' Track (2003)
 * Division II Football (1983, 1988, 1989, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014)
 * Division III Football (2004)
 * Division II Boys' Lacrosse (2005, 2011, 2022)
 * Division III Boys' Swimming (2007)
 * Division I Scholar's Bowl (1984, 1986)
 * Division II Field Hockey (2014)
 * Division III Field Hockey (2008, 2009, 2010)
 * Division II Girls' Lacrosse (2012, 2013)
 * Division II Girls' Indoor Track (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)
 * Division II Boys' Indoor Track (2015)

Notable alumni

 * Dan Chiasson (Class of 1989), author and poet
 * Keith Cieplicki (Class of 1981), athlete and coach
 * Johannah Leddy Donovan, (Class of 1962), member of the Vermont House of Representatives
 * Michael Hastings (Class of 1998), journalist and author
 * James P. Leddy (Class of 1960), Vermont state senator, 1997-2007
 * Christina E. Nolan (Class of 1997), United States Attorney for Vermont
 * Elizabeth M. Ready (Class of 1971), Vermont Auditor of Accounts, 2001-2005
 * William Sorrell (Class of 1964), Vermont Attorney General, 1997-2017

title: Rice Memorial High School


text:
Lloyd Rees

Lloyd Frederic Rees (17 March 1895 – 2 December 1988) was an Australian landscape painter who twice won the Wynne Prize for his landscape paintings.

Most of Rees's works are preoccupied with depicting the effects of light and emphasis is placed on the harmony between man and nature. Rees's oeuvre is dominated by sketches and paintings, in which the most frequent subject is the built environment in the landscape.

Early life and education
Rees was born in Brisbane, Queensland, the seventh of eight children of Owen Rees and his wife Angèle Burguez, who was half Mauritian, half Cornish.

Rees attended Ironside State School Ironside State School and Ithaca Creek State School in Brisbane's inner west. After formal art training at Brisbane's Central Technical College, he commenced work as a commercial artist in 1917.

Early career
From the 1940s until the 1960s Rees was part of the Northwood group, a small group of friends who would go on painting excursions around Sydney Harbour and northwestern Sydney. Regulars of the Northwood group were Lloyd Rees, Roland Wakelin, George Feather Lawrence and John Santry. Douglas Dundas, Wilmotte Williams and Marie Santry also associated with the Northwood group. These artists had no manifesto but were conservative, tending towards a neoimpressionist style of landscape painting with sinuous linework. In 1937 Rees became a foundation member of, and exhibited with, Robert Menzies' anti-modernist organisation, the Australian Academy of Art.

In the 1960s the Northwood Group was active during the modishness of Sydney abstract expressionism, their noted contemporaries were the Merioola Group and stalwart Melbourne postwar voices of disquiet such as Sidney Nolan and the Antipodeans. By the 1970s a young postmodern art scene emerged in Gallery A, Macquarie Galleries, and Watters Gallery. Celebrated painter Brett Whiteley was a member of this younger generation rediscovering the now elderly painter and drawer Lloyd Rees.

"The studio had a big window, which you passed when walking up the front of the house to the iron gates at the arched entrance. The window was splashed with paint because Lloyd would stand in front of his wet painting holding half a gallon of turps in one hand and put his other hand into the turps and throw it over the painting. As it ran down the painting, washing color with it, he would pick up a cloth and wipe back the selected areas. If you look carefully at his paintings of the eighties you will see where the paint has been handled in this fashion."

Friend and Northwood resident William Pidgeon painted Lloyd Rees portrait which won the 1968 Archibald Prize.

Europe

Rees first travelled to Europe in the 1920s (to meet with his then fiancée Daphne Mayo) and made sketches, including many of Paris, which were left accidentally on a bus in London at that time. While some of his works - and indeed his betrothal to Mayo - were lost, his connection with the landscapes of town and country France and Italy was to last a lifetime. Rees visited Europe again in 1953, 1959, 1966–67 and 1973, painting and sketching on all of his journeys.

The sketchbooks are now held by the Art Gallery of New South Wales, comprising approximately 700 images in pencil, carbon pencil, wash, watercolour and ballpoint pen. They reveal a capacity to characterize the texture and light of landscapes in these brief media - concerns that are equally evident in his paintings throughout his career.

Late works
Rees painted right up to his death at age 93. His works of the last one to two decades in particular showed a preoccupation with the spiritual dimension of the relationship with and portrayal of the landscape, and this became the focus of the final book prepared in cooperation with the author Renée Free: Lloyd Rees: the last twenty years.

His late works show an abstraction of form and a focus on the source and effects of light on the landscape, such as in his work The Sunlit Tower, painted when he was 91 years old, and winner of the Jack Manton Prize for 1987 (a prize awarded by the Queensland Art Gallery). He claimed that one of the benefits of his failing eyesight in his old age was that he could look directly at the sun.

Rees's own philosophical views he expressed in the Epilogue to their book:"From quite an early age I was overwhelmed with the fact of endlessness... Planetary systems can blow up, but the universe is endless, and our little life is set in the midst of this, and everything in it has a beginning and an end... [This] gives to life a sense of mystery that is always with me."

Personal life and death
Rees was engaged to sculptor Daphne Mayo, but it was broken off in 1925. He married Dulcie Metcalf in 1926. In 1927 Dulcie died in childbirth and Rees married again, in 1931, to Marjory Pollard, mother to his son Alan.

Rees' wife died on 14 April 1988 and he died on 2 December of the same year. Following Rees's death, Alan Rees and his wife Jancis gave to the Art Gallery of NSW all of Rees's surviving sketchbooks.

Honours
Rees won the Wynne Prize in 1950 and 1982. He also won the Commonwealth Jubilee Art Prize in 1957 and in 1971 he won the John McCaughey Memorial Art Prize and the International Cooperation Art Award.

Rees was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1978 and Australia's highest civilian honour, Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) in 1985.

He was awarded the Médaille de la Ville de Paris in 1987 in honour of his artistic achievements.

For forty years, from 1946 to 1986, Rees taught art with Sydney University's Faculty of Architecture and in 1988 received the Sydney University Union Medal for his contributions to art and the University. In the same year he was named as one of the Australian Bicentennial Authority's Two hundred people who made Australia great.

Collections

 * Art Gallery of New South Wales
 * Art Gallery of Western Australia
 * Darling Harbour Authority
 * Parliament House, Canberra
 * National Gallery of Australia
 * Newcastle Art Gallery
 * Queensland Art Gallery
 * Royal Australian College of Physicians
 * Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery
 * University of Sydney
 * University of Western Australia
 * West Australian Institute of Technology

title: Lloyd Rees


text: User talk:71.107.19.100

title: User talk:71.107.19.100


text:
Talk:UCF (disambiguation)

Is there any possible way that we can make this automatically connect to the University of Central Florida which is its most common destination and have a disambiguation notice at the top of that page? NavalWar1800 00:21, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. The University of Central Florida seems by far the most notable of these topics.M412k 04:28, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:UCF (disambiguation)


text:
Croce

Croce may refer to:

 * Croce (family), a noble family in the Republic of Ragusa
 * Croce (genus), a genus of lacewings in the family Nemopteridae
 * Croce (surname)
 * Croce, Haute-Corse, a municipality in the Haute-Corse department, France
 * Croce, a parish of Menaggio in the Province of Como, Italy
 * Croce, a frazione of Musile di Piave, in the Metropolitan City of Venice

title: Croce


text:
Hot Shit!

Hot Shit is the fifth studio album by indie rock band Quasi. It was released in 2003 on Touch and Go Records. Early copies as well as the European edition released by Domino Recording Company include a bonus CD entitled Live Shit.

Track listing
All tracks by Sam Coomes except "Sunshine Sounds" and "White Devil's Dream," written by Janet Weiss and Coomes.

"Live Shit" bonus CD
This CD was included in early copies of the American Touch and Go Records release as well as (so far) all copies of the European Domino Recording Company release.

Personnel

 * Sam Coomes – vocals, guitars, keyboards
 * Janet Weiss – vocals, drums
 * Quasi - production
 * Strings on "Drunken Tears," "Good Times," and "Lullaby Pt. 2." by:
 * Brent Arnold – cello, string arrangements
 * Ollie Glatzen – viola
 * Roger Seibel - mastering

title: Hot Shit!


text: Talk:The Longest Line

title: Talk:The Longest Line


text: User talk:71.68.105.150

title: User talk:71.68.105.150


text:
August Mencken Jr.

August Mencken (February 18, 1889 – May 19, 1967) was an American civil engineer and author. He was the younger brother of Henry Louis Mencken and the son of cigar magnate August Mencken Sr.

title: August Mencken Jr.


text:
Batha Est

Batha Est (or Batha East, البطحة الشرقية) is one of the three departments which make up the Batha Region in Chad. The capital is Oum Hadjer. Other notable locations include the Marouda region, where the village of Ju-Ak-Min has received recent funding for tourism development.

Sub-prefectures
Batha Est is divided into four sub-prefectures:

 * Oum Hadjer
 * Assinet
 * Haraze Djombo Kibet
 * Am Sack

title: Batha Est


text:
User:Figaro/Interests and hobbies

this is now a work page

title: User:Figaro/Interests and hobbies


text:
File:Katrinavisloop-300x225.gif

Summary
Animation of Hurricane Katrina making 2nd and 3rd landfalls in Louisiana. Taken from NOAA Historical Significant Events Imagery website.

title: File:Katrinavisloop-300x225.gif


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Basquerade

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Rob Church Talk 10:35, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Basquerade
Hoax, no relevant Googles ( Souls Of Mischief ), not in OED  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   00:24, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom.--Gaff talk 00:38, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * delete, apparent hoax. Kappa 05:11, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Ganymead 06:07, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Hoax.  Ban e  s  10:28, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. --Optichan 15:49, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom Jesse 18:28, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I am reluctant to use a google test as the be all end all; however, a social occurrence of such purported significance would have more google appearances.  If, however, the author can provide some form of substantiation, I would support keeping the article.  Without any such substantiation, I have no reason to believe that the article is not pure fiction. Cool3 04:12, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. -Haon 14:32, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. If not in OED, that confirms it. Not in Merriam-Webster either. A somewhat amusing hoax. - Sensor 02:48, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Italian poetry

Italian poetry is a category of Italian literature. Italian poetry has its origins in the thirteenth century and has heavily influenced the poetic traditions of many European languages, including that of English.

Features

 * Italian prosody is accentual and syllabic, much like English. However, in Italian all syllables are perceived as having the same length, while in English that role is played by feet. The most common metrical line is the hendecasyllable, which is very similar to English iambic pentameter. Shorter lines like the settenario are used as well.
 * The earliest Italian poetry is rhymed. Rhymed forms of Italian poetry include the sonnet (sonnetto), terza rima, ottava rima, the canzone and the ballata. Beginning in the sixteenth century, unrhymed hendecasyllabic verse, known as verso sciolto, became a popular alternative (compare blank verse in English).
 * Feminine rhymes are generally preferred over masculine rhymes.
 * Apocopic forms (uom for uomo, amor for amore) and contractions (spirto for spirito) are common. Expanded forms of words which have become contracted in ordinary use (cittade for città, virtute for virtù) are also frequently encountered, particularly for the sake of ending lines with feminine rhymes.
 * Diaeresis may be used to break up diphthongs and to make semivowels into full vowels. For instance, the trisyllabic word sapienza can be turned into the tetrasyllabic sapïenza. The rules governing when diaeresis is permissible are complex, and it occurs more commonly with learnèd vocabulary than with colloquialisms.

As with other European languages, Italian poets have become increasingly open to experimentation in recent centuries and free verse (verso libero) is written by many Italian poets.

Important Italian poets

 * Giacomo da Lentini: a 13th-century poet who is believed to have invented the sonnet.
 * Guido Cavalcanti (c.1255 - 1300) Tuscan poet, and a key figure in the Dolce Stil Novo movement.
 * Dante Alighieri (1265 - 1321) wrote Divina Commedia, one of the pinnacles of medieval literature.
 * Francesco Petrarca (1304 - 1374) famous for developing the Petrarchan sonnet in a collection of 366 poems called Canzoniere.
 * Guido Guinizelli (1230 — 1275) moved from courtly loved to mystical and spiritual philosophical spirituality
 * Matteo Maria Boiardo (1441 – 1494) wrote the epic poem Orlando innamorato
 * Ludovico Ariosto (1474 – 1533) wrote the epic poem Orlando furioso (1516).
 * Giovanni di Bernardo Rucellai (1474 – 1525) wrote Le Api, a pioneering work in versi sciolti
 * Torquato Tasso (1544 – 1595) wrote the epic La Gerusalemme liberata (1580) in which he describes imaginary combats between Christians and Muslims at the end of the First Crusade.
 * Ugo Foscolo (1778 - 1827): best known for his poem "Dei Sepolcri".
 * Giacomo Leopardi (1798 – 1837): highly valued for his Canti and Operette morali, author of L'infinito, one of the most famous poems of Italian literary history.
 * Giosuè Carducci (1835 - 1907) won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1906.
 * Giovanni Pascoli (1855 - 1912) symbolist poet, thirteen times winner of the "Certamen poeticum Hoeufftianum".
 * Gabriele D'Annunzio (1863 - 1938) poet and novelist of the Decadent Movement.
 * Guido Gozzano (1883-1916) poet of the Crepuscolari Movement, best known for his collection "I colloqui" (1911).
 * Umberto Saba (1883 - 1957)
 * Giuseppe Ungaretti (1888 - 1970)
 * Eugenio Montale (1896 – 1981) won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1975.
 * Salvatore Quasimodo (1901 – 1968) won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1959.
 * Cesare Pavese (1908 – 1950)
 * Leonardo Sinisgalli (1908 – 1981)
 * Alfonso Gatto (1909 – 1976)
 * Antonia Pozzi (1912 - 1938)
 * Mario Luzi (1914 – 2005)
 * Pier Paolo Pasolini (1922 - 1975): better known as a filmmaker, he was also an accomplished poet.

title: Italian poetry


text: Talk:San Vicente, Antioquia

title: Talk:San Vicente, Antioquia


text: Talk:Interstate 193

title: Talk:Interstate 193


text:
Pimelic acid

Pimelic acid is the organic compound with the formula HO2C(CH2)5CO2H. Pimelic acid is one unit longer than a related dicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, a precursor to many polyesters and polyamides. However compared to adipic acid, pimelic acid is relatively small in importance industrially. Derivatives of pimelic acid are involved in the biosynthesis of the amino acid lysine and the vitamin biotin.

Biosynthesis
The biosynthesis of pimelic acid is unknown but is speculated to start with malonyl CoA.

Chemical and industrial routes
Like other simple dicarboxylic acids, many methods have been developed for producing pimelic acid. Pimelic acid is produced commercially by oxidation of cycloheptanone with dinitrogen tetroxide. Other routes include the relatively unselective oxidation of palmitic acid and the carbonylation of caprolactone.

Niche methods
Many other methods exist. Pimelic acid has been synthesized from cyclohexanone and from salicylic acid. In the former route, the additional carbon is supplied by dimethyloxalate, which reacts with the enolate.

In other syntheses, pimelic acid is made from cyclohexene-4-carboxylic acid, and a fourth method also exists based on the 1,4 reaction of malonate systems with acrolein.

Several patents exist for the production of pimelic acid.

title: Pimelic acid


text:
Batha Ouest

Batha Ouest (البطحة الغربية) or Batha West is one of the three departments which make up the region of Batha in Chad. The capital is Ati.

sub-prefectures
Batha Ouest is divided into three sub-prefectures:
 * Ati
 * Djedda
 * Koundjourou

title: Batha Ouest


text:
Vicki Draves

Victoria Manalo Draves (' Manalo'''; December 31, 1924 – April 11, 2010) was a Filipino American competitive diver who won gold medals in both platform and springboard diving at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. Draves became the first woman to be awarded gold medals for both the ten-meter platform and the three-meter springboard. Additionally, Draves became the first American woman to win two gold medals in diving, and the first Asian American to win Olympic gold medals. She was born in San Francisco.

Early life and education
Manalo was born in the South-of-Market district of San Francisco to Philippine chef and musician Teofilo Manalo and English maid Gertrude Taylor. Her parents met and married in San Francisco. She grew up with her parents, her twin sister Connie, her older sister Frankie, and a younger brother, Sonny, who died as a child. Manalo couldn't afford to take swimming lessons until she was 10 years old and took summer swimming lessons from the Red Cross, paying five cents for admission to a pool in the Mission District. Draves played badminton, basketball, and softball in high school. She graduated from Commerce High School on Van Ness Avenue in 1942 and worked a temporary civil service job in the Army Port Surgeon's office to add to the family's meager income.

Career
Manalo was introduced to diving at age 16 by Jack Lavery. It was Lavery who introduced her to Phil Patterson, swimming coach of the Fairmont Hotel Swimming and Diving Club. Due to racial discrimination and prejudice for being a Filipino, she changed her name to Vicki Taylor to be accepted in Patterson's school. Patterson's military stint during World War II caused Manalo to stop diving for a year. She instead found a job at the Presidio military base. Manalo later joined the swimming program at the Crystal Plunge in North Beach headed by Charlie Sava and was assigned Jimmy Hughes as her coach. Her 50–100 dives after-school diving practice continued even to her enrollment at San Francisco Junior College (now City College of San Francisco). At age 19, Hughes guided her to a third-place finish in her first national AAU diving competition at the Indiana national meet in 1943.

At the 1944 national AAU championships, the men's 1942 platform champion, Sammy Lee, befriended her and introduced her to his coaching friend, Lyle Draves, who ran the swimming and diving program at the prestigious Athens Athletic Club in Oakland. Manalo then started training with Lyle Draves, adding platform diving to her springboard diving repertoire. Lyle Draves left the San Francisco Bay Area for Los Angeles in disgust at the racism in the Fairmont Hotel Swimming and Diving Club. Manalo commuted to Los Angeles, and placed second and third at the Outdoor Nationals. In 1945, on the death of her father, she returned to her old job as a secretary in the Army Port Surgeon's office in San Francisco.

When the war ended, Manalo finally moved to Southern California for good. She married her coach on July 12, 1946, and won the National Tower Diving Championship (10 meter platform), in 1946, 1947 and 1948. Prior to competing in the 1948 Olympics, Draves won a total of five United States diving championships. Despite not finishing first in either springboard or platform events of the Olympic trials in Detroit, Draves made the team.

On August 3, 1948, she won her first springboard title in the London Summer Olympics. Draves followed up that win with the gold medal in the 10-meter platform on Aug. 6, becoming the first woman to win both titles.

After her Olympic victory, the Manalo-Draves couple visited the Philippines for the first time upon the invitation from the Manila Jaycees. The 29-day visit to the Philippines had them staying in a Malacañang Palace suite and visiting her father's relatives in Orani, Bataan, where he was born. She gave platform diving exhibitions at the Rizal Stadium and in other Philippine venues, and also for Philippine president Elpidio Quirino. Draves appeared in a Life layout in 1949, being named one of the magazine's top two U.S. athletes at the 1948 Olympics.

Draves turned professional after the Olympics, joining Larry Crosby's "Rhapsody in Swimtime" aquatic show for her pro debut at Soldier Field in Chicago in 1948. She also performed in the L.A. Coliseum with headliner Esther Williams and the General Motors convention in Detroit. In 1949 and 1950, Draves toured the U.S., Canada, and Europe with Buster Crabbe's "Aqua Parade." After performing regularly in the Coachella Valley's El Mirador Hotel in Palm Springs and at the Shadow Mountain Resort & Club in Palm Desert, Draves retired from diving.

After starting a family in the early 1950s in Glendale, Draves and her husband operated a swimming and diving training program at Indian Springs in Montrose and later moved the program to Encino. They later stayed in Tarzana for 35 years, raising four sons – David, Jeffery, Dale and Kim – to be skilled divers. She later worked as a secretary while her husband remained a coach and swimming director.

Later life and death
In the mid-1960s, Draves was an advocate for the Filipino Education Center when the second wave of Filipino immigrants came to America and largely settled in the South of Market district.

In 1968, Draves joined sprinter Jesse Owens, football player Tommy Harmon and race car driver Sam Hanks at the Sands Hotel in Las Vegas to help raise $700,000 for the City of Hope National Medical Center.

Draves was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1969.

In 2005, Draves was selected for the year's Most Outstanding Alumnus of City College of San Francisco. On May 27, 2005, she received her award and spoke at the commencement ceremonies of City College at the SF Masonic Auditorium. She received a resounding ovation from the 2000 graduating students in attendance. In the same year, she was acknowledged as one of Los Angeles Athletics Club's outstanding athletes.

In October 2006, a two-acre park (one acre per gold medal) in San Francisco was named Victoria Manalo Draves Park in her honor. It was on the same site, on Folsom and Sherman streets, that she attended the erstwhile Franklin Elementary School, four blocks away from where she was born and raised.

Draves and her husband moved to Palm Springs, California in 1995. She died on April 11, 2010, aged 85, from pancreatic cancer aggravated by pneumonia.

Legacy
On August 3, 2020, Draves was honored with a Google Doodle in recognition of her achievements.

title: Vicki Draves


text:
Natural gum

Natural gums are polysaccharides of natural origin, capable of causing a large increase in a solution's viscosity, even at small concentrations. They are mostly botanical gums, found in the woody elements of plants or in seed coatings.

Human uses
Gums are used in the food industry as thickening agents, gelling agents, emulsifying agents, and stabilizers, and in other industrial adhesives, binding agents, crystal inhibitors, clarifying agents, encapsulating agents, flocculating agents, swelling agents, foam stabilizers, etc. When consumed by humans, many of these gums are fermented by the microbes that inhabit the lower gastrointestinal tract (microbiome) and may influence the ecology and functions of these microscopic communities.

Commercial significance
Humans have used natural gums for various purposes, including chewing and the manufacturing of a wide range of products – such as varnish and lacquerware. Before the invention of synthetic equivalents, trade in gum formed part of the economy in places such as the Arabian peninsula (whence the name "gum arabic"), West Africa, East Africa (copal) and northern New Zealand (kauri gum).

Examples
Natural gums can be classified according to their origin. They can also be classified as uncharged or ionic polymers (polyelectrolytes). Examples include (with E number food additive code):

title: Natural gum


text:
Tic disorder

Tic disorders are defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) based on type (motor or phonic) and duration of tics (sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic movements). Tic disorders are defined similarly by the World Health Organization (ICD-10 codes).

DSM-5
The fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published in May 2013, classifies Tourette syndrome and tic disorders as motor disorders listed in the neurodevelopmental disorder category.

Tic disorders, in ascending order of severity, are:
 * 307.20 Other specified tic disorder (specify reason)
 * 307.20 Unspecified tic disorder
 * 307.21 Provisional tic disorder
 * 307.22 Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder (specify motor or vocal)
 * 307.23 Tourette's disorder

Developmental coordination disorder and stereotypic movement disorder are also classified as motor disorders.

ICD-10
ICD10 diagnosis codes are:
 * F95.0 Transient tic disorder
 * F95.1 Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder
 * F95.2 Combined vocal and multiple motor tic disorder [Gilles de la Tourette]
 * F95.8 Other tic disorders
 * F95.9 Tic disorder, unspecified

Diagnosis
Tics should be distinguished from other causes of tourettism, stereotypies, chorea, dyskinesias, myoclonus and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Treatment
Education, and a "watch and wait" strategy, are the only treatment needed for many, and most individuals with tics do not seek treatment. When needed, management of tic disorders is similar to management of Tourette syndrome. The first line of treatment is behavioural therapy, followed by medication (most often aripiprazole) if the former is unsuccessful.

Although behavioural therapy is the recommended first treatment, many people with tics do not access it due to the lack of trained psychotherapists.

Epidemiology
Tic disorders are more commonly diagnosed in males than females.

At least one in five children experience some form of tic disorder, most frequently between the ages of seven and twelve. Tourette syndrome is the more severe expression of a spectrum of tic disorders, which are thought to be due to the same genetic vulnerability. Nevertheless, most cases of Tourette syndrome are not severe. Although a significant amount of investigative work indicates genetic linkage of the various tic disorders, further study is needed to confirm the relationship.

DSM-IV-TR
In the fourth revision of the DSM (DSM-IV-TR), tic disorders were classified as follows:
 * Transient tic disorder consisted of multiple motor and/or phonic tics with duration of at least 4 weeks, but less than 12 months.
 * Chronic tic disorder was either single or multiple motor or phonic tics, but not both, which were present for more than a year.
 * Tourette syndrome was diagnosed when both motor and phonic tics were present for more than a year.
 * Tic disorder NOS was diagnosed when tics were present, but did not meet the criteria for any specific tic disorder.

From DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5
DSM-5 was published in 2013, updating DSM-IV-TR, which was published in 2000. The following changes were made:
 * The word stereotyped was removed from tic definition: stereotypies and stereotypic movement disorder are frequently misdiagnosed as tics or Tourette syndrome. The definition of tic was made consistent for all tic disorders, and the word stereotyped was removed to help distinguish between stereotypies (common in autism spectrum disorders) and tic disorders.
 * Provisional tic disorder approximately replaced transient tic disorder: because initially presenting tics may eventually be diagnosed as chronic tic disorder or Tourette's, transient suggested it could only be defined in retrospect (though that perception did not follow the DSM-IV-TR definition). The term provisional "satisfies experts with a more systematic epidemiological approach to disorders", but should not imply that treatment might not be called for.
 * Differentiation of chronic motor or vocal tic disorder: DSM-5 added a specifier to distinguish between vocal and motor tics that are chronic. This distinction was added because higher rates of comorbid diagnoses are present with vocal tics relative to motor tics.
 * Now includes as Tourette's Disorder patients with tics who experienced a 3-month or longer remission since the first tic, as long as the first tic was at least a year ago.
 * Stimulant use as a cause removed: there is no evidence that the use of stimulants causes tic disorders.
 * New categories, Other specified and Unspecified: for tic disorders that result in significant impairment to the individual yet do not meet the full criteria for other tic disorders. The new categories account for tics with onset in adulthood, or tics triggered by other medical conditions or illicit drug use.

title: Tic disorder


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pandilla graphica

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Rob Church Talk 10:36, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Pandilla graphica
NN vanity piece from this zero-google possible hoax. If the image is any indication, the "gang" better keep their day jobs. JJay 00:29, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nomination. - JJay 00:29, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-encyclopedic, not notable. --HappyCamper 00:37, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. non-encyclopedic, not notable.--Gaff talk 00:40, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete For all the reasons above. --CastAStone 00:44, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete More of an ad than an article. Brisvegas 01:08, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. -Greg Asche (talk) 01:41, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Per nom.  Ban e  s  10:29, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nom Jesse 18:30, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. -Haon 14:34, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. - Sensor 02:49, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Boualem Bensaïd

Boualem Bensaïd (أبو عالم بن سعيد; born November 11, 1967 in Algiers) is an Algerian member of GIA, an Islamic terrorist organization. He has been accused of an attempted bombing during the 1995 terror campaign in France.

Born in Algeria in 1967, a sport teacher, he entered clandestinity around 1990. He went back to France in 1994, as Algeria was in full-scale civil war. In 1999, he was sentenced to 10 years of prison on charges of "association de malfaiteurs".

On 27 November 2003 he was sentenced in appeal to life detention, with a 22-year "safety sentence" (which prevents the detainee from being liberated for good conduct), on charges of having attempted to bomb the TGV Lyon-Paris on 26 August 1995. At the sentence, he exclaimed "God is great! Allah akbar! ("God is great!" in Arabic), it is a miserable decision!". The appeal court thus confirmed the judgement given by the First Special Criminal Court.

A prisoner since his arrest in 1995, Bensaïd is serving two more sentences of 10 years and 30 years for other charges related to the terrorist attacks of 1995.

title: Boualem Bensaïd