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Romanesque art

Romanesque art is the art of Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 12th century, or later depending on region. The preceding period is known as the Pre-Romanesque period. The term was invented by 19th-century art historians, especially for Romanesque architecture, which retained many basic features of Roman architectural style – most notably round-headed arches, but also barrel vaults, apses, and acanthus-leaf decoration – but had also developed many very different characteristics. In Southern France, Spain, and Italy there was an architectural continuity with the Late Antique, but the Romanesque style was the first style to spread across the whole of Catholic Europe, from Sicily to Scandinavia. Romanesque art was also greatly influenced by Byzantine art, especially in painting, and by the anti-classical energy of the decoration of the Insular art of the British Isles. From these elements was forged a highly innovative and coherent style.

Characteristics
Outside Romanesque architecture, the art of the period was characterised by a vigorous style in both sculpture and painting. The latter continued to follow essentially Byzantine iconographic models for the most common subjects in churches, which remained Christ in Majesty, the Last Judgment, and scenes from the life of Christ. In illuminated manuscripts more originality is seen, as new scenes needed to be depicted. The most lavishly decorated manuscripts of this period were bibles and psalters. The same originality applied to the capitals of columns, which were often carved with complete scenes with several figures. The large wooden crucifix was a German innovation at the very start of the period, as were free-standing statues of the enthroned Madonna. High relief was the dominant sculptural mode of the period.

Colours were very striking, and mostly primary. Presently, these colours can typically only be seen in their original vividness in samples of stained glass and well-preserved manuscripts. Stained glass became widely used, although few survive today. In an invention of the period, the tympanums of important church portals were carved with monumental schemes, often Christ in Majesty or the Last Judgement, but treated with more freedom than painted versions, as there were no equivalent Byzantine models.

Compositions usually had little depth and needed to be flexible to be fit into the shapes of historiated initials, column capitals, and church tympanums; the tension between a tightly enclosing frame, from which the composition sometimes escapes, is a recurrent theme in Romanesque art. Figures often varied in size in relation to their importance. Landscape backgrounds, if employed at all, were closer to abstract decorations than realism – as in the trees in the "Morgan Leaf". Portraiture hardly existed.

Background
During this period, Europe grew steadily more prosperous, and art of the highest quality was no longer confined, as it largely was in the Carolingian and Ottonian periods, to the royal court and a small circle of monasteries. Monasteries continued to be extremely important, especially those of the expansionist new orders of the period, the Cistercian, Cluniac, and Carthusian, which spread across Europe. But city churches, those on pilgrimage routes, and many churches in small towns and villages were elaborately decorated to a very high standard – these are often the structures to have survived, when cathedrals and city churches have been rebuilt. No Romanesque royal palace has really survived.

The lay artist was becoming a valued figure – Nicholas of Verdun seems to have been known across the continent. Most masons and goldsmiths were now lay, and lay painters such as Master Hugo seem to have been in the majority, at least of those doing the best work, by the end of the period. The iconography of their church work was no doubt arrived at in consultation with clerical advisors.

Metalwork, enamels, and ivories

Precious objects in these media had a very high status in the period, probably much more so than paintings – the names of more makers of these objects are known than those of contemporary painters, illuminators or architect-masons. Metalwork, including decoration in enamel, became very sophisticated. Many spectacular shrines made to hold relics have survived, of which the best known is the Shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne Cathedral by Nicholas of Verdun and others (c. 1180–1225). The Stavelot Triptych and Reliquary of St. Maurus are other examples of Mosan enamelwork. Large reliquaries and altar frontals were built around a wooden frame, but smaller caskets were all metal and enamel. A few secular pieces, such as mirror cases, jewellery and clasps have survived, but these no doubt under-represent the amount of fine metalwork owned by the nobility.

The bronze Gloucester candlestick and the brass font of 1108–1117 now in Liège are superb examples, very different in style, of metal casting. The former is highly intricate and energetic, drawing on manuscript painting, while the font shows the Mosan style at its most classical and majestic. The bronze doors, a triumphal column and other fittings at Hildesheim Cathedral, the Gniezno Doors, and the doors of the Basilica di San Zeno in Verona are other substantial survivals. The aquamanile, a container for water to wash with, appears to have been introduced to Europe in the 11th century. Artisans often gave the pieces fantastic zoomorphic forms; surviving examples are mostly in brass. Many wax impressions from impressive seals survive on charters and documents, although Romanesque coins are generally not of great aesthetic interest.

The Cloisters Cross is an unusually large ivory crucifix, with complex carving including many figures of prophets and others, which has been attributed to one of the relatively few artists whose name is known, Master Hugo, who also illuminated manuscripts. Like many pieces it was originally partly coloured. The Lewis chessmen are well-preserved examples of small ivories, of which many pieces or fragments remain from croziers, plaques, pectoral crosses and similar objects.

Architectural sculpture

With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the tradition of carving large works in stone and sculpting figures in bronze died out, as it effectively did (for religious reasons) in the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) world. Some life-size sculpture was evidently done in stucco or plaster, but surviving examples are understandably rare. The best-known surviving large sculptural work of Proto-Romanesque Europe is the life-size wooden Crucifix commissioned by Archbishop Gero of Cologne in about 960–965, apparently the prototype of what became a popular form. These were later set up on a beam below the chancel arch, known in English as a rood, from the twelfth century accompanied by figures of the Virgin Mary and John the Evangelist to the sides. During the 11th and 12th centuries, figurative sculpture strongly revived, and architectural reliefs are a hallmark of the later Romanesque period.

Sources and style
Figurative sculpture was based on two other sources in particular, manuscript illumination and small-scale sculpture in ivory and metal. The extensive friezes sculpted on Armenian and Syriac churches have been proposed as another likely influence. These sources together produced a distinct style which can be recognised across Europe, although the most spectacular sculptural projects are concentrated in South-Western France, Northern Spain and Italy.

Images that occurred in metalwork were frequently embossed. The resultant surface had two main planes and details that were usually incised. This treatment was adapted to stone carving and is seen particularly in the tympanum above the portal, where the imagery of Christ in Majesty with the symbols of the Four Evangelists is drawn directly from the gilt covers of medieval Gospel Books. This style of doorway occurs in many places and continued into the Gothic period. A rare survival in England is that of the "Prior's Door" at Ely Cathedral. In South-Western France, many have survived, with impressive examples at Saint-Pierre, Moissac, Souillac, and La Madeleine, Vézelay – all daughter houses of Cluny, with extensive other sculpture remaining in cloisters and other buildings. Nearby, Autun Cathedral has a Last Judgement of great rarity in that it has uniquely been signed by its creator, Giselbertus. A feature of the figures in manuscript illumination is that they often occupy confined spaces and are contorted to fit. The custom of artists to make the figure fit the available space lent itself to a facility in designing figures to ornament door posts and lintels and other such architectural surfaces. The robes of painted figures were commonly treated in a flat and decorative style that bore little resemblance to the weight and fall of actual cloth. This feature was also adapted for sculpture. Among the many examples that exist, one of the finest is the figure of the Prophet Jeremiah from the pillar of the portal of the Abbey of Saint-Pierre, Moissac, France, from about 1130.

One of the most significant motifs of Romanesque design, occurring in both figurative and non-figurative sculpture is the spiral. One of the sources may be Ionic capitals. Scrolling vines were a common motif of both Byzantine and Roman design, and may be seen in mosaic on the vaults of the 4th century Church of Santa Costanza, Rome. Manuscripts and architectural carvings of the 12th century have very similar scrolling vine motifs.

Another source of the spiral is clearly the illuminated manuscripts of the 7th to 9th centuries, particularly Irish manuscripts such as the St. Gall Gospel Book, spread into Europe by the Hiberno-Scottish mission. In these illuminations the use of the spiral has nothing to do with vines or other plant forms. The motif is abstract and mathematical. The style was then picked up in Carolingian art and given a more botanical character. It is in an adaptation of this form that the spiral occurs in the draperies of both sculpture and stained glass windows. Of all the many examples that occur on Romanesque portals, one of the most outstanding is that of the central figure of Christ at La Madeleine, Vezelay.

Another influence from Insular art are engaged and entwined animals, often used to superb effect in capitals (as at Silos) and sometimes on a column itself (as at Moissac). Much of the treatment of paired, confronted and entwined animals in Romanesque decoration has similar Insular origins, as do animals whose bodies tail into purely decorative shapes. (Despite the adoption of Hiberno-Saxon traditions into Romanesque styles in England and on the continent, the influence was primarily one-way. Irish art during this period remained isolated, developing a unique amalgam of native Irish and Viking styles which would be slowly extinguished and replaced by mainstream Romanesque style in the early 13th century following the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. )

Subject matter
Most Romanesque sculpture is pictorial and biblical in subject. A great variety of themes are found on capitals and include scenes of Creation and the Fall of Man, episodes from the life of Christ and those Old Testament scenes which prefigure his Death and Resurrection, such as Jonah and the Whale and Daniel in the lions' den. Many Nativity scenes occur, the theme of the Three Kings being particularly popular. The cloisters of Santo Domingo de Silos Abbey in Northern Spain, and Moissac are fine examples surviving complete, as are the relief sculptures on the many Tournai fonts found in churches in southern England, France and Belgium.

A feature of some Romanesque churches is the extensive sculptural scheme which covers the area surrounding the portal or, in some case, much of the facade. Angouleme Cathedral in France has a highly elaborate scheme of sculpture set within the broad niches created by the arcading of the facade. In the Spanish region of Catalonia, an elaborate pictorial scheme in low relief surrounds the door of the church of Santa Maria at Ripoll.

The purpose of the sculptural schemes was to convey a message that the Christian believer should recognize wrongdoing, repent and be redeemed. The Last Judgement reminds the believer to repent. The carved or painted Crucifix, displayed prominently within the church, reminds the sinner of redemption.

Often the sculpture is alarming in form and in subject matter. These works are found on capitals, corbels and bosses, or entwined in the foliage on door mouldings. They represent forms that are not easily recognizable today. Common motifs include Sheela na Gig, fearsome demons, ouroboros or dragons swallowing their tails, and many other mythical creatures with obscure meaning. Spirals and paired motifs originally had special significance in oral tradition that has been lost or rejected by modern scholars.

The Seven Deadly Sins including lust, gluttony and avarice are also frequently represented. The appearance of many figures with oversized genitals can be equated with carnal sin, and so can the numerous figures shown with protruding tongues, which are a feature of the doorway of Lincoln Cathedral. Pulling one's beard was a symbol of masturbation, and pulling one's mouth wide open was also a sign of lewdness. A common theme found on capitals of this period is a tongue poker or beard stroker being beaten by his wife or seized by demons. Demons fighting over the soul of a wrongdoer such as a miser is another popular subject.

Late Romanesque sculpture
Gothic architecture is usually considered to begin with the design of the choir at the Abbey of Saint-Denis, north of Paris, by the Abbot Suger, consecrated 1144. The beginning of Gothic sculpture is usually dated a little later, with the carving of the figures around the Royal Portal at Chartres Cathedral, France, 1150–1155. The style of sculpture spread rapidly from Chartres, overtaking the new Gothic architecture. In fact, many churches of the late Romanesque period post-date the building at Saint-Denis. The sculptural style based more upon observation and naturalism than on formalised design developed rapidly. It is thought that one reason for the rapid development of naturalistic form was a growing awareness of Classical remains in places where they were most numerous and a deliberate imitation of their style. The consequence is that there are doorways which are Romanesque in form, and yet show a naturalism associated with Early Gothic sculpture.

One of these is the Pórtico da Gloria dating from 1180, at Santiago de Compostela. This portal is internal and is particularly well preserved, even retaining colour on the figures and indicating the gaudy appearance of much architectural decoration which is now perceived as monochrome. Around the doorway are figures who are integrated with the colonnettes that make the mouldings of the doors. They are three-dimensional, but slightly flattened. They are highly individualised, not only in appearance but also expression and bear quite strong resemblance to those around the north porch of the Abbey of St. Denis, dating from 1170. Beneath the tympanum there is a realistically carved row of figures playing a range of different and easily identifiable musical instruments.

Manuscript illumination
A number of regional schools converged in the early Romanesque illuminated manuscript: the "Channel school" of England and Northern France was heavily influenced by late Anglo-Saxon art, whereas in Southern France the style depended more on Iberian influence, and in Germany and the Low Countries, Ottonian styles continued to develop, and also, along with Byzantine styles, influenced Italy. By the 12th century there had been reciprocal influences between all these, although naturally regional distinctiveness remained.

The typical foci of Romanesque illumination were the Bible, where each book could be prefaced by a large historiated initial, and the Psalter, where major initials were similarly illuminated. In both cases more lavish examples might have cycles of scenes in fully illuminated pages, sometimes with several scenes per page, in compartments. The Bibles in particular often had a, and might be bound into more than one volume. Examples include the St. Albans Psalter, Hunterian Psalter, Winchester Bible (the "Morgan Leaf" shown above), Fécamp Bible, Stavelot Bible, and Parc Abbey Bible. By the end of the period lay commercial workshops of artists and scribes were becoming significant, and illumination, and books generally, became more widely available to both laity and clergy.

Wall painting

The large wall surfaces and plain, curving vaults of the Romanesque period lent themselves to mural decoration. Unfortunately, many of these early wall paintings have been destroyed by damp or the walls have been replastered and painted over. In England, France and the Netherlands such pictures were systematically destroyed or whitewashed in bouts of Reformation iconoclasm. Murals in Denmark, as well as in Sweden, and elsewhere many have since been restored. In Catalonia (Spain), there was a campaign to save such murals in the early 20th century (as of 1907) by removing them and transferring them to safekeeping in Barcelona, resulting in the spectacular collection at the National Art Museum of Catalonia. In other countries they have suffered from war, neglect and changing fashion.

A classic scheme for the full painted decoration of a church, derived from earlier examples often in mosaic, had, as its focal point in the semi-dome of the apse, Christ in Majesty or Christ the Redeemer enthroned within a mandorla and framed by the four winged beasts, symbols of the Four Evangelists, comparing directly with examples from the gilt covers or the illuminations of Gospel Books of the period. If the Virgin Mary was the dedicatee of the church, she might replace Christ here. On the apse walls below would be saints and apostles, perhaps including narrative scenes, for example of the saint to whom the church was dedicated. On the sanctuary arch were figures of apostles, prophets or the twenty-four "elders of the Apocalypse", looking in towards a bust of Christ, or his symbol the Lamb, at the top of the arch. The north wall of the nave would contain narrative scenes from the Old Testament, and the south wall from the New Testament. On the rear west wall would be a Last Judgement, with an enthroned and judging Christ at the top.

One of the most intact schemes to exist is that at Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe in France. The long barrel vault of the nave provides an excellent surface for fresco, and is decorated with scenes of the Old Testament, showing the Creation, the Fall of Man and other stories including a lively depiction of Noah's Ark complete with a fearsome figurehead and numerous windows through which can be seen Noah and his family on the upper deck, birds on the middle deck, while on the lower are the pairs of animals. Another scene shows with great vigour the swamping of Pharaoh's army by the Red Sea. The scheme extends to other parts of the church, with the martyrdom of the local saints shown in the crypt, and Apocalypse in the narthex and Christ in Majesty. The range of colours employed is limited to light blue-green, yellow ochre, reddish brown and black. Similar paintings exist in Serbia, Spain, Germany, Italy and elsewhere in France.

The now-dispersed paintings from Arlanza in the Province of Burgos, Spain, though from a monastery, are secular in subject-matter, showing huge and vigorous mythical beasts above a frieze in black and white with other creatures. They give a rare idea of what decorated Romanesque palaces would have contained.

Fashion
In England and France, the Romanesque period saw the rise of pigaches, "scorpion-tail" or "ram's-horn" shoes much assailed by the clergy at the time. Orderic Vitalis in particular blamed them for the supposed rise in sodomy and homosexuality of the era. The shoes are now principally remembered as precursors to the much more extravagant poulaines that became popular following the Black Death.

Embroidery
Romanesque embroidery is best known from the Bayeux Tapestry in Bayeux, France or the Tapestry of Creation in Girona, Spain, but many more closely worked pieces of Opus Anglicanum ("English work" – considered the finest in the West) and other styles have survived, mostly as church vestments.

Stained glass
The oldest-known fragments of medieval pictorial stained glass appear to date from the 10th century. The earliest intact figures are five prophet windows at Augsburg, dating from the late 11th century. The figures, though stiff and formalised, demonstrate considerable proficiency in design, both pictorially and in the functional use of the glass, indicating that their maker was well accustomed to the medium. At Le Mans, Canterbury and Chartres Cathedrals, and Saint-Denis, a number of panels of the 12th century have survived. At Canterbury these include a figure of Adam digging, and another of his son Seth from a series of Ancestors of Christ. Adam represents a highly naturalistic and lively portrayal, while in the figure of Seth, the robes have been used to great decorative effect, similar to the best stone carving of the period. Glass craftsmen were slower than architects to change their style, and much glass from at least the first part of the 13th century can be considered as essentially Romanesque. Especially fine are large figures of 1200 from Strasbourg Cathedral (some now removed to the museum) and of about 1220 from Saint Kunibert's Church in Cologne.

Most of the magnificent stained glass of France, including the famous windows of Chartres, date from the 13th century. Far fewer large windows remain intact from the 12th century. One such is the Crucifixion of Poitiers, a remarkable composition which rises through three stages, the lowest with a quatrefoil depicting the Martyrdom of St Peter, the largest central stage dominated by the crucifixion and the upper stage showing the Ascension of Christ in a mandorla. The figure of the crucified Christ is already showing the Gothic curve. The window is described by George Seddon as being of "unforgettable beauty". Many detached fragments are in museums, and a window at Twycross Church in England is made up of important French panels rescued from the French Revolution. Glass was both expensive and fairly flexible (in that it could be added to or re-arranged) and seems to have been often re-used when churches were rebuilt in the Gothic style – the earliest datable English glass, a panel in York Minster from a Tree of Jesse probably of before 1154, has been recycled in this way.

title: Romanesque art


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Fantasy (disambiguation)

Fantasy is a genre of fiction.

Fantasy, Fantasie, or Fantasies may also refer to:

Music

 * Fantasia (music), a free-form musical composition
 * Fantasie (Widmann), a 1993 composition for solo clarinet by Jörg Widmann
 * Fantasie in C (Schumann), an 1836 composition for solo piano by Robert Schumann
 * Fantasy (group), a 1980s American vocal group
 * Fantasy Records, an American record label
 * Fantasy Studios, a defunct studio operated by Fantasy Records

Albums

 * Fantasie (Münchener Freiheit album), a German-language album, 1988
 * Fantasie (Nicola Benedetti album), 2009
 * Fantasies (album), by Metric, 2009
 * Fantasy (Candy Lo album), 2001
 * Fantasy (Carole King album), 1973
 * Fantasy (Jay Chou album), 2001
 * Fantasy (Lena Philipsson album) or the title song, 1993
 * Fantasy (Lightning Dust album), 2013
 * Fantasy (M83 album), 2023
 * Fantasy (Münchener Freiheit album), an English-language album, 1988
 * Fantasy (Ramsey Lewis album), 1985
 * Fantasy (Regine Velasquez album), 2010
 * Fantasy (Gensoukyoku), by Akina Nakamori, 1983
 * Fantasy, by Manau, 2013
 * Fantasy, a single album by Fei, or the title song, 2016
 * Fantasy, an EP by Chloe Kohanski, 2019
 * Fantasy, an EP by No Rome, 2013
 * Fantasy: Mariah Carey at Madison Square Garden, a video, 1996

Songs

 * "Fantasy" (Aldo Nova song), 1982
 * "Fantasy" (Alice Nine song), 2006
 * "Fantasy" (Appleton song), 2002
 * "Fantasy" (Bashy song), 2010
 * "Fantasy" (Danny Fernandes song), 2008
 * "Fantasy" (DyE song), 2011
 * "Fantasy" (Earth, Wind & Fire song), 1978; covered by Black Box, 1990
 * "Fantasy" (George Michael song), 1990
 * "Fantasy" (Mariah Carey song), 1995
 * "Fantasy" (Nadia Ali song), 2010
 * "Fantasy" (Tesla Boy song), 2012
 * "Fantasy", by Bazzi from Cosmic, 2018
 * "Fantasy", by the Blizzards from A Public Display of Affection, 2006
 * "Fantasy", by Bone Thugs from New Waves, 2017
 * "Fantasy", by Do or Die from Pimpin' Ain't Dead, 2003
 * "Fantasy", by Exile, 2010
 * "Fantasy", by Pink Fantasy, 2019
 * "Fantasy", by Gerard Kenny, 1980
 * "Fantasy", by Meiko Nakahara, 1982
 * "Fantasy", by Jolin Tsai from Muse, 2012
 * "Fantasy", by MS MR from Secondhand Rapture, 2013
 * "Fantasy", by Sekai no Owari, 2010
 * "Fantasy", by Sofi Tukker, 2019
 * "Fantasy", by Superfruit from Future Friends, 2017
 * "Fantasy", by VIXX from Hades, 2016
 * "Fantasy", by the xx from xx, 2009
 * "The Fantasy", by 30 Seconds to Mars from A Beautiful Lie, 2005

Periodicals

 * Fantasy magazine, any magazine which publishes primarily fantasy fiction
 * Fantasy (1938 magazine), a 1938–1939 British pulp science fiction magazine
 * Fantasy (1946 magazine), a 1946–1947 British science fiction magazine
 * Fantasy Magazine (1953), an American fantasy magazine published in 1953 as one of John Raymond's science fiction magazines
 * Fantasy Magazine (2005), American online fantasy and science fiction magazine published from 2005 to 2011 and 2020 to present

Publishers

 * Fantasy Press, a defunct American fantasy and science fiction publishing house, founded in 1946 by Lloyd Arthur Eshbach
 * Fantasy Press (poetry), an English publisher of poetry 1951–1959
 * Fantasy Productions, a German book and role-playing game publishing company founded in 1983
 * Fantasy Publishing Company, Inc., a defunct American science fiction and fantasy small press, founded in 1946 by William L. Crawford

Other media

 * Fantasies (film), a 1981 German-made English-language drama film
 * Fantasy (game show), a 1982–1983 American game show
 * Fantasy (video game), a 1981 action/adventure arcade game
 * "Fantasy", a poem by Patti Smith from her 1972 book Seventh Heaven

People

 * Fantasy (gamer), Jung Myung-Hoon (born 1991), South Korean professional StarCraft player
 * Fantasy (Mini-Estrella) (born 1989), Mexican masked professional wrestler
 * Sensei (wrestler) or Fantasy (born 1978), Mexican masked professional wrestler

Other uses

 * Fantasy (psychology), a range of mental experiences mediated by the faculty of imagination
 * Sexual fantasy, a fantasy that stirs a person's sexuality
 * Fantasy, the drug GHB
 * Fantasy-class cruise ship, a class of ships operated by Carnival Cruise Line
 * Carnival Fantasy, a Carnival Cruise Line ship 1988–2020
 * Fantasy, a women's fragrance endorsed by Britney Spears

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fantasy (disambiguation)


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Suberic acid

Suberic acid, also octanedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid, with formula C8H14O4. It is a colorless crystalline solid used in drug syntheses and plastics manufacture. Its name is derived from the Latin word suber which means cork.

title: Suberic acid


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User talk:CharlieBrown123

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! DS 00:31, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
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Phobias
Please don't create articles that cannot go beyond dictionary definition. Please read the policy: what wikipedia is not. mikka (t) 20:07, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:CharlieBrown123


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Holy Name Monastery

Holy Name Monastery is a Roman Catholic Benedictine women's monastery located in Saint Leo, Florida, owned and operated by the Benedictine Sisters of Florida. It was known first as Holy Name Convent and then as Holy Name Priory before taking its current name in the 1990s.

History
In 1889 five sisters arrived in Florida from Elk County, Pennsylvania. They founded Holy Name Convent and Holy Name Academy in response to a need for teachers for the children of German immigrants in the San Antonio-St. Joseph area of Pasco County, Florida. Upon their arrival the nuns also took over the administration of both St. Anthony School and St. Joseph School.

Both the convent and the "all-girls" academy boarding school were originally housed in the previously-unused Sultenfuss Hotel, a large, three-story building located in San Antonio on the north end of the city's 4 acre town square. The building was moved in the summer of 1911, by an elaborate system of ox-powered pulleys and winches, a half mile east, to a hill on 45 acres that overlooked the southeastern shore of Lake Jovita in the town of Saint Leo. As both religious vocations and enrollment in the academy grew, one of the earliest concrete block structures in Florida, St. Scholastica Hall, was built on the property in 1912 to serve as classroom space. St. Benedict’s Preparatory School, which served elementary and middle-school boys, was opened from 1929 to 1959. Over the years the Benedictine Sisters of Florida also administered and staffed numerous mission schools throughout the state of Florida and beyond.

In 1961 a new 100,000 square-foot concrete block complex replaced the original wooden "hotel" structure. In 1964 Holy Name Academy and the nearby "all-boys" St. Leo College Preparatory School, which was run by Benedictine monks from St. Leo Abbey, both closed to make way for St. Leo College. In 1978, St. Scholastica Hall was condemned and taken down. For the most part, the nuns' presence at St. Joseph School remained until it closed its doors in 1981.

St. Anthony School, which is still the oldest school of any kind in Pasco County, had a continuing Benedictine/Holy Name presence for 121 years, until the end of the 2009–10 school year. In August 2014 the Benedictine Sisters moved into a new 28,000 square-foot monastery across SR-52 on ten hilltop acres along Wichers Road in Saint Leo.

As of 2018, 14 sisters, plus two in formation, live at Holy Name Monastery according to the Rule of St. Benedict. Following Benedictine tradition, the sisters seek a balance of prayer and work, community and solitude, an integration of contemplative living and active ministry on behalf of others. The monastery hosts retreats. Sister Roberta Bailey, O.S.B., is the current Prioress as elected by the monastery members.

title: Holy Name Monastery


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Swan Valley Stampeders

The Swan Valley Stampeders are a Junior "A" ice hockey team from Swan River, Manitoba, Canada. The team plays in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League, a part of the Canadian Junior Hockey League and Hockey Canada.

The team was founded in 1999 and plays its home games at the Swan River Centennial Arena.

Season-by-season record
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against

Playoffs

 * 2000 Lost quarter-final
 * OCN Blizzard defeated Swan Valley Stampeders

 * 2001 Lost quarter-final
 * OCN Blizzard defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-1

 * 2002 Lost quarter-final
 * OCN Blizzard defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-none

 * 2003 Lost quarter-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-3

 * 2004 Lost semi-final
 * Swan Valley Stampeders defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-2
 * Portage Terriers defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-2

 * 2005 DNQ
 * 2006 Lost quarter-final
 * OCN Blizzard defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-1

 * 2007 DNQ
 * 2008 Lost quarter-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-3

 * 2009 DNQ
 * 2010 Lost semi-final
 * Swan Valley Stampeders defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-1
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-1

 * 2011 Lost quarter-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-2

 * 2012 Lost quarter-final
 * OCN Blizzard defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-1

 * 2013 Lost quarter-final
 * OCN Blizzard defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-1

 * 2014 Lost quarter-final
 * Virden Oil Capitals defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-1

 * 2015 Lost quarter-final
 * Swan Valley Stampeders defeated Dauphin Kings 2-games-to-0
 * Winnipeg Blues defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-0

 * 2016 Lost quarter-final
 * Swan Valley Stampeders defeated Waywayseecappo Wolverines 2-games-to-0
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-0

 * 2017 DNQ
 * 2018 Lost quarter-final
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-0

 * 2019 Lost final
 * Swan Valley Stampeders defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-0
 * Swan Valley Stampeders defeated Steinbach Pistons 4-games-to-2
 * Portage Terriers defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-3

 * 2020 Playoffs cancelled
 * Swan Valley Stampeders leading Waywayseecappo Wolverines 2-games-to-1 when playoffs were cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic''

 * 2021 Playoffs cancelled
 * 2022 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-2

 * 2023 Lost semi-final
 * Swan Valley Stampeders defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-2
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-2

title: Swan Valley Stampeders


text: Template:Netherlands-school-stub

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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/David Madore

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Rob Church Talk 10:38, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

David Madore
Non notable mathematician and amateur computer scientist with no major academic work done. (This is not a personal attack, I'm a personal friend of his.) David.Monniaux 00:32, 15 October 2005 (UTC) *Interestingly, he is listed as the inventor of computer language Unlambda. Unlambda survived a VfD about a year ago. One could argue that this warrants keeping him. On the other hand, the link to Unlambda's homepage is dead. Perhaps better to delete both the inventor and the language, if infact dead. --Gaff talk 00:46, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not quite A7, but close. --CastAStone 00:41, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Google search on unlambda gives 36,900 votes. Have to disagree with nom's claim that no major academic work.  I vote keep.--Gaff  talk 00:51, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Unlambda is not an academic work. It is a computer implementation of a well-known academic concept (SKI combinators, a form of lambda calculus without lambdas) that David originally wrote as a half-joke. David.Monniaux 02:11, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Must admit I'm dum as a rock on this topic. seems to me that even if it was a "half-joke" that is widely used that may warrant his article being spared from the scrap heap.--Gaff talk 10:19, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It is not used for anything practical. You do not program anything practical in Unlambda, unless you're doing it especially to make a point that all Turing-complete languages are equivalent. David would surely tell you the same. :-) David.Monniaux 17:37, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep Surfaces de del Pezzo sans point rationnel sur un corps de dimension cohomologique un seems notable to me (well it might if I knew anything about the area). Seriously,  isn't a completely nn publication list.   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   00:49, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * With that kind of criterion, any person working in higher education or research, including myself, deserves an article. I don't think I deserve an article. David.Monniaux 02:09, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Maybe you do! - and working at ENS cannot be dismissed out of hand.  I feel the Madore article is not clearcut - there's some notable work being done in his general area but I'm not competent to judge if his is. Then Unlambda gives him wider claims to notability.  So I'd give him the benefit of any doubt - wiki is not paper.  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   07:31, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * In terms of number of papers and numbers of citations, my publication list is better than that. And I certainly don't warrant an article. And I work for an establishment that can claim two Nobel Prize winners in the last five years, but that makes them notable, not me. Average Earthman 18:20, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keeep notable for writing Unlambda. -Greg Asche (talk) 01:43, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, writing Unlambda grants him some degree of fame or notoriety. Kappa 05:09, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not quite sure this meets the bar. Gamaliel 09:20, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * what bar? please be specific.--Gaff talk 10:17, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The bar for inclusion in an encyclopedia. Gamaliel 17:57, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * What if the article just said This guy wrote Unlambda. Would that be enough or should his name be absorbed into the article on Unlamba where he could be listed as its dreator. I'm not a programmer, so I have no idea how important a computer language he wrote.  Any experts want to weigh in?--Gaff  talk  08:30, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Weak Keeep His Unlamba work is notable.  Ban e  s  10:32, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep based on above. Marskell 16:46, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep this article is linked to by several pages. It needs to be expanded, but it does have notability. Jesse 18:42, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain because I am personally involved. The argument I see in favor of "keep" is: Unlambda is definitely worth having a page (I certainly didn't expect it to be so popular when I created it, but there it is), and I generally find it good policy to have a page (if only a stub) for the author or inventor of any work of any kind mentioned in the Wikipedia itself.  The argument I see in favor of "delete" is: the category "French mathematicians" (don't know how to link to this!), as it is, is utterly ridiculous (some people a zillion times more important than I am do not have a listing there).  On the whole, I tend to think that the page shouldn't have been written but, now that it is, it might as well remain (basically, there were more important pages to write, and there are also more important pages to delete!).  Just to clarify two points: I did not write the page (and I do not know who did), and David.Monniaux is indeed a friend of mine.  --Gro-Tsen 19:10, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Question from a newbie: what is the value of a weak keep vote other than to leave the administrator who gets stuck making the final call feeling like they are out on a limb? Shouldn't votes be either keep, delete, or abstain? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gaff (talk • contribs) 03:33, October 16, 2005
 * That is a good question, but I don't see it as one being answered in a single AfD. I personally don't like them either, but you should bring it up at Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion. -Greg Asche (talk) 18:03, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep: we have a stub on brainfuck's creator, and Unlambda is equally notorious notable. Haeleth 20:35, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but expand stub. Unlambda makes him notable. - Sensor 02:55, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Chokehold

USA-centric?
Why is there nothing about the legality of choke holds in anywhere other than the USA? For instance, they are banned in some British public health authorities (for restraining patients) due to the likelihood of rapid unconsciousness and death when carotid arteries and windpipe are cut off. But the UK police are allowed, untrained, to choke people. This is a very poorly-researched, parochial article. 2.28.151.213 (talk) 17:13, 29 March 2021 (UTC)

Unconsciousness and Death
Which ones first put your opponent to "sleep" (black him out) first? When strangling someone with a rope or wire, as far as I know there is no intervening unconscious phase, when the person has stopped moving, they're dead. The snare (talk) 00:33, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

This is just what is portrayed in the movies. But it is actually not true. I've choked a lot of people unconscious and once they go limp they are just unconscious -- not dead. 76.105.52.23 (talk) 04:04, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

- Let's include the material from the other article and just clean it up and make it better. No sense in having two versions of the same article. Unless you think the "choke hold" article just doesn't add any useful information.
 * Which other article is that? Shawnc 19:55, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Blood choke exception: Hadaka jime
Some chokes are apparently "air" chokes that attempt to crush the windpipe (or have an element of this), eg. the hadaka jime (somewhat inaccurately known as the rear naked choke): Quote: "Basically, except for one form of shime-waza, hadaka-jime, the pressure is applied to the lateral side of the neck which the anatomists call the "carotid triangle"." Shawnc 19:53, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

How to?
I'm pretty sure Wikipedia is NOT a how to, and the relevent parts should be removed. Bihal 14:52, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

How To?
I think learning how to is just as important as mentioning what it is and I think the "how to" information should not be taken off but instead have a warning for kids.
 * Manuals and how-to's are against official Wikipedia policy (reference). -- M a r c u s      07:04, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

More chokes?
Is there anyone that could add sections about the north/south choke or forearm choke?

north/south choke has now been added. I will try to write a stub for it also.

Awesome. It took awhile to get a response, so I really appreciate it. 64.12.116.201 02:01, 8 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Is Forearm choke about Paper cutter choke?--Hiroshi takahashi (talk) 06:41, 20 April 2019 (UTC)

What's the lethal chokehold called? (As seen in Splinter Cell Multiplayer)

Any choke can be lethal if applied for too long. 209.247.5.79 01:13, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

Bill Clennett photo
Image:Billclennett.jpg

I am removing this photo since it seems random and out of place in this article.

--Aesopian 13:38, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

 * As a fair-use image, it should not be displayed on the talk page per WP:FAIR. Just a heads-up for why I changed the image to a link.  Big Nate 37 (T) 06:22, 19 September 2006 (UTC

Shime
I always thought that shime also included techniques such as neck breaks and the arm bar, Tenada Jime/Shime, and certain pins, including Shiho and juji gatame. Am I misinformed or should the description as shime be removed?

Wikiproject Law Enforcement tag

 * I removed the WP:LE tag since chocke holds are strongly dicouraged, pretty universally, in civilian law enforcement. this may benefit from the Military History Wikiproject more

Chokehold safety and law enforcement
The article currently has the following:"The 'blood choke' has experienced a resurgence in popularity with law enforcement since close examination of statistical data has revealed the carotid artery submission technique to be relatively safe. A study conducted by the Canadian Police Research Center and posted by the Force Science Research Center in the United States stated 52.9% of the uses left the person being choked uninjured, 41% sustained minor injuries and less than 6% required minor outpatient procedures. There were no recorded incidents of hospitalization or fatalities[citation needed] and the injuries were considered incidental to the application of the technique. It is currently used by numerous police departments in the United States. Some departments consider it a choice when lethal force is justified."

I looked at the Force Science Research Center articles and didn't see this article. I also looked at the Canadian Police Research Center publications and although there are two articles focused on neck restraints (TR-01-2007 (PDF 446 KB) – Neck Restraint Literature Review and TR-03-2007 (PDF 405 KB) – National Study on Neck Restraints in Policing), neither of these articles have the statistics mentioned. II | (t - c) 22:09, 9 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I ended up finding this; see article history. II  | (t - c) 22:18, 9 October 2010 (UTC)

The statement that the chokehold is not likely to be lethal is simply wrong. I personally saw a patient who stroked out most of his brain because of it, and it caused death in a recent case in New York. Police reporting of these events is, unfortunately, invariably inaccurate and biased. In the case I observed the officer who applied the choke hold did not report that it had anything to do with the prisoner's loss of consciousness. I realize that experienced wrestlers apply these holds without injury, but they also release them as soon as their opponent recognizes they are caught and stops resisting. In a real police restraint situation most police unfortunately have no training in when you have to release the hold and often keep it in place until the subject suffers brain damage. Yet even in this case, which was recorded on video, the officer was not charged with any wrongdoing because he had acted "as he was trained in the police academy". http://www.floridatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/12/03/chokehold-grand-jury/19804577/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Danwoodard (talk • contribs) 20:52, 3 December 2014 (UTC)

 * There is an easy solution to that. Just put everyone who strangles someone to death into the gas chamber, no matter the circumstances, Policemen as well as AntiFa Black Block Fighters. To kill someone with a chokehold you have to keep the hold for long after the opponent passed out. So there is no way around judging this as murder. — Preceding unsigned comment added by HB Jepsen (talk • contribs) 18:11, 26 February 2021 (UTC)

"Not likely," is not the same thing as "not possible." You shouldn't conflate the two. The bottom line is, regardless of however large a handful of cases you can find to the contrary, in the vast majority of cases where a choke is applied it doesn't kill the person. And frankly personal experience isn't really much proof of anything. You cite one case you've experienced personally, and used that to make the rather general statement that police reporting is invariably inaccurate and biased... With apparently little sense of the irony of that statement. 156.111.96.125 (talk) 15:42, 9 December 2014 (UTC) miah

obvious Eric Garner inspired edits of police chokehold descriptions being sprinkled in
Can people stop this? You can't just change articles to better suit a certain narrative. And frankly the article was fine before, as it pointed out there really is no single definition used for what a chokehold is. Regardless, I don't see the point of these additions. They also describe the wrong freaking part of the video, as he was accused of using a choke just before he started to say he couldn't breathe, while rolling on the ground. Making all these anon changes to sneak in one specific case without mentioning the obviously inspired source of this 'well known police choke,' also kind of stupid since they're describing the wrong thing. 107.77.76.26 (talk) 19:02, 7 December 2014 (UTC) miah

Use in law enforcement - new section needed
A new Use in law enforcement section ✅ might help with a few anachronistic, unsourced, or scattered claims that are strangling this article. I suggest using this as a checklist:
 * 1) Move last sentence, w/ NY Times ref, from Air choke section to new section. ✅
 * 2) Then remove dubious tag from Air choke section after removing false "common law enforcement" adjectival phrase. ✅
 * 3) Then move last sentence, w/ properly formatted Seattle Times refs, from Blood choke section, to pick up law enforcement use with recent  reintroduction of vascular technique etc. to Seattle, as well as LA, NYC and some (which?) other police depts. Cover the controversy, briefly, as above. ✅
 * 4) When all the above steps complete, remove lead's not verified in body tags (right after lead's wikilinked law enforcement). ✅
 * 5) Clarify 70s, 80s abuses that led to ban in LA in 1980, NYC in 1985, other departments nationwide before NYC clarifying order in 1993. NYT article supports all that well. (e.g., expand summary first sentence using first cited NYT reference).
 * 6) Highlight allegations of police abuse over the years between original LA/NYC bans in 80s and recent reintroduction of vascular technique. This is significant period of time - 35 years - and highly WP:Notable in itself (perhaps article worthy?), but could be confined to a few summary sentences here from WP:RS together representing WP:NPOV and WP:Verifiability  without WP:OR. This article is part of controversial Category:Law enforcement techniques — not that Category:Martial art techniques and Category:Grappling positions aren't also a handful ;) — so we need to get WP:DUE balance right.

In sum: First remove the real problems of this article; only then remove the tags that helpfully point to the problems. Expand intro paragraph (5); and add middle paragraph (6) at will. -- Paulscrawl (talk) 15:34, 25 September 2015 (UTC) - last edited -- Paulscrawl (talk) 09:55, 26 September 2015 (UTC)

 * Added hyperlink to Article's new section here (in first sentence) and to this Talk page section (from new section's "under construction" template's "comment" parameter). Please note: these minor experiments are purposeful beyond this particular article: I am using this editing opportunity to explore WP Reference Desk options for better enabling round-tripping Q&A feedback and rapid article improvement. All traces (e.g., new article section's "under construction" template & its hyperlink here) but this Talk section will be removed in a few days time, by October 1 at latest. Thank you for your patience and cooperative editing. -- Paulscrawl (talk) 09:12, 26 September 2015 (UTC)

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What's Disputed?
It isn't very obvious, and it would be good to have it more apparent here for future editors. Is it the degree of lethality? That was my takeaway from scrolling through talk. Ryan Norton 17:11, 19 April 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:22, 24 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Roger Gracie Rear Naked Choke.jpg

Here is a bit of news, a chocked person can only "stop resisting" when dead.
mark word. 2600:1700:AE17:5E60:E17A:402A:15AB:1EAB (talk) 19:49, 22 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chokehold


text:
Talk:Louis Comfort Tiffany

Bing Request
can someone add coverage of Tiffany's relationship with Bing? It seems pretty important to his introduction.

ref: http://19thc-artworldwide.org/summer_05/articles/eide.html ref: http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0PAL/is_516_161/ai_n13628908 Jeffme 05:20, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

Family
l.c. tiffany was my grandfather i miss him! im 94 years old! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.160.145.90 (talk • contribs)

Corporate Successors
Does anyone know the difference between Tiffany & Co. and the Louis C. Tiffany Studios. I think some mention should be made of the studios in the article. --evrik 14:52, 18 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Tiffany & Company was founded by the father of Louis Comfort Tiffany, and continues operation in the famous Fifth Avenue (New York City) store, commonly known as Tiffany's, as in "Breakfast at Tiffany's". Protzy 23:55, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Louis Comfort Tiffany, II
I don't think that Louis Comfort Tiffany, II, son of Louis Comfort Tiffany existed. The child, twin of Julia De Forest Tiffany, b. Sep 24, 1877 was Louise Comfort Tiffany, a daughter. Here is more information -

1421w.xxxxx.x5. (daughter) Louise Comfort TIFFANY, b. Sep 24, 1887, NYC, NY; d. 1974; m. 1911, Rodman Drake DeKay Gilder (b. 1877; d. 1953), son of Richard Watson Gilder and Helena De Kay. Author. Scribner’s Monthly. 1881, Editor, Century Illustrated Monthly

1421w.xxxxx.x5x. (g-son) Richard Watson GILDER, b. m. Anne Spring Denny Alsop.

1421w.xxxxx.x5xx. (gg-son)George Franklin GILDER, b. 1939. Supply side Economist. Author. “Wealth and Poverty”. NOTABLE*. The Gilder Technology Report.

1421w.xxxxx.x5y. (g-dau)Helena DeKay GILDER, b. 1814 (c); d. Apr 6, 2001, age 87, at her home, Mitchell, MD, memorial service, Jun 22, 2001, Tyringham Union Church, Tyringham, MA; m. Alfred Amasa Miller, Jr. She became an MD. Lived Upper Montclair, NJ and Tyringham, MA.

(gg-s)son MILLER, III, m. _____ Augusto.

(gg-s) Rodman Gilder MILLER. Glass Artist. Seattle. Owner of Rodman Gilder Miller Glass Studio and Neon by Neuron, since 1989.

2929 Mayfair Avenue North • Seattle WA 98109 • (206) 283-3164 • rodman@rodmanstudio.com Protzy 00:02, 22 August 2006 (UTC)
 * An IP editor changed two pieces of information in the above. I reverted, but I note the changes here in case my reversion was incorrect (changes are bolded and italicized):
 * "1421w.xxxxx.x5y. (g-dau)Helena DeKay GILDER, b. 1913 (c); d. Apr 6, 2001, age 87, at her home, Mitchell, MD, memorial service, Jun 22, 2001, Tyringham Union Church, Tyringham, MA; m. Alfred Amasa Miller, Jr. She became an MD. Lived Upper Montclair, NJ and Tyringham, MA. 1421w.xxxxx.x5y. (g-dau)Helena DeKay GILDER, b. 1814 (c); d. Apr 6, 2001, age 87, at her home, Mitchell, MD, memorial service, Jun 22, 2001, Tyringham Union Church, Tyringham, MA; m. Alfred Amasa Miller, Jr. She became an MD. Lived Upper Montclair, NJ and Tyringham, MA. (gg-s) Amasa MILLER, III, m. Mirella Augusto."
 * Beyond My Ken (talk) 03:05, 3 May 2011 (UTC)

Inaccuracies
"Tiffany used opalescent glass in a variety of colors and textures to create a unique style of stained glass. This can be contrasted with the method of painting in glass paint or enamels on colorless glass that had been the dominant method of creating stained glass for several hundred years in Europe. Use of the colored glass itself to create stained glass pictures was motivated by the ideals of the Arts and Crafts movement and its leader William Morris in England."

I don't know where this misinformation came from, but it needs correcting!

 * Yes, painting on glass was common in the 17th and 18th centuries. But this article ignores the fact that there had been a revival in the art of stained glass manufacture in England, France, Germany and the Netherlands, prompted by Gothic Revival movement, which began sometime in the late 1700s. By 1850 There were literally dozens of stained glass designers and manufacturers in England alone.

 * William Morris did not revive the making of stained glass, and he was certainly not the first to start hand-crafted glass manufacture. Neither was Tiffany, regardless of the implication of the paragraph above. One of the earliest makers of "Medieval" type hand-made glass for window production was James Powell of Whitefriars, at 15 years before Tiffany came on the scene and more than twenty years before Tiffany started manufacture.

 * The stained glass manufactures of England, Wailes, Hardman, Clayton and Bell, Lavers Barraud and Westlake, and several others had great expertise in utilising coloured glass for effect. And were doing so in the 1840s, 1850s and 1860s. The did paint the features on the faces, and they did paint folds in robes, annd the certainly painted medieval-style borders, canopies etc. But the did not paint colour onto glass, except "silver stain" which is very effective at giving a bright yellow colour and hhad been so used ever since the 13th century.

 * And if you look at Tiffany's figurative works, of course you will see that he also painted the details of the faces.

 * Tiffany was inded an innovator. But what Tiffany achieved needs to be put in context.

By the time Tiffany comenced work, he had seen Hardman. He had seen Clayton and Bell. The tradition that Tiffany broke away from was not "painting in glass paint or enamels on colorless glass that had been the dominant method of creating stained glass for several hundred years in Europe" as it says in this article.

The tradition from which Tiffany departed was the Gothic Revival movement, spurred on in England by the presence of about 60 mighty Medieval Cathedrals and Abbeys, and countless medieval churches, every single one of which required restoration. The US lacked this tradition. They did not need 100 stained glass firms each capable of reproducing medieval windows. Tiffany could take whatever direction he chose, with very little constraint.

See also:

 * Stained glass
 * Stained glass - British glass, 1811-1918

--Amandajm 10:00, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

White House renovation
Something needs to be said about Tiffany's renovation of the White House in 1882. He put Tiffany glass in the windows and generally plastered Gilded Age ornamentation all over the mansion. It was all removed by Charles McKim's Georgian restoration for TR in 1902. If nothing else, this will serve as a reminder to add it myself when I have a chance. --Tysto 14:03, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Tiffany's art elsewhere. Apart from Paris, there is also a beautiful stained glass window in the little church of Kimbleton, near Cambridge, UK.

New York Yankees Logo
One the New York Yankees Web Site, there is a story that Tiffany designed the interlocking NY logo used today by the New York Yankees. Originally, I edited this biography to mention that, but upon further research, I became convinced that the Yankees account of this is mostly inaccurate. It is true that the Tiffany company did design the first known interlocking NY logo for a police medal awarded in 1877. The Yankee web site is also wrong on that account too, since it says that that officer was the first NYPD officer shot in the line of duty, but he was not. The Tiffany company did indeed design the medal, but Tiffany himself most likely did not design it himself. Furthermore, interlocking letters were common in baseball logos in the early twentieth century, and there is no material evidence that the Police medal itself was the influence behind the Yankees moving to an interlocking NY. Indeed many other teams at that time were experimenting with interlocking letters on the uniforms, and the Yankees and the New York Giants had been experimenting them like other clubs. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kops2222 (talk • contribs) 14:11, 20 June 2010 (UTC)

Yankee logo
I've removed the information on the Yankee logo from the article, since, after some pretty extensive research, it's not at all clear to me that "Louis B. Tiffany", who is credited with creating the interlocking NY for an award given to the first NYPD officer shot in the line of duty, is the same person as "Louis Comfort Tiffany", the famous jewelry and glass designer. The strongest evidence that they are not the same is that at the time given for the creation of the logo, 1877, Louis Comfort Tiffany was 29 years old and still in the process of learning his trade as a glassmaker; there's no indication that he had a reputation at the time. The similarity of names is not unusual: large familieis at this time frequently re-used names a lot, and the fact that Louis Comfort Tiffany is generally referred to in that way, i.e. Louis Comfort Tiffany, is a pretty good indication that he needed to differentiate himself from another "Louis Tiffany." Tiffany & Co. was a going concern at that time, and it's not unlikely that Louis B. Tiffany was a relative of Charles Lewis Tiffany, possibly one that worked for the family company. In any case, there's no evidence whatsoever that I can find that Louis Comfort Tiffany designed the logo, which in all references I can find is credited to Louis B. Tiffany. Absent something that shows these are the same person, the information should not be re-added to the article. Beyond My Ken (talk) 14:58, 2 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I failed to note the comment above, which undermines the logo info from another direction. Beyond My Ken (talk) 14:59, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Image addition
An editor has been attempting to add the image on the right to the article. I've left a comment on their talk page explaining that we don't need to add every image we have on a subject to the subject's article, and that images should be evaluated for their quality and what they add to the article, but the editor has reverted my removal and restored the image. There are a number of problems with this image. First, it needs to be clean up for visibility, but that is relatively easy to do; second, it would need to be displayed at a relatively large size in order to be visually accessible by the reader, which would make it out of scale with the rest of the images; and last, and most important, I do not see that it adds anything particualarly interesting to the article, since we already have one painting by Tiffany, and Tiffany was not at all notable as a painter. For these reasons I oppose the addition of this image to the article. Beyond My Ken (talk) 19:37, 31 May 2013 (UTC)

|image_size=210px
I am not sure why you insist on restoring "|image_size=210px" it may be optimal for your screen but we adopted dynamic sizing by consensus a while back. The default image size is set in preferences so it can be optimized for every size screen. --Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ) (talk) 05:06, 7 December 2015 (UTC)
 * The issue is the caption, not the sizing -- but surely you know that. BMK (talk) 07:05, 7 December 2015 (UTC)
 * You have restored "|image_size=210px" twice so "surely you know that" makes no sense. I do not have the ability to read minds. --Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ) (talk) 09:32, 7 December 2015 (UTC)

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Wiki Education assignment: Histoire du design d'intérieur
— Assignment last updated by Ovallerand (talk) 19:34, 6 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Louis Comfort Tiffany


text:
Fitri Department

Fitri (فيتري) is one of the three departments which make up the region of Batha in Chad. The capital is Yao.

title: Fitri Department


text:
User:Antman

Guten Tag. I don't have much here since I don't spend much time here, soooo....

Before everything else:

I live in Chicagoland, particularly the suburbs

title: User:Antman


text:
User talk:Shigami

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! DS 00:34, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Shigami


text:
Portage Terriers

The Portage Terriers are a Canadian junior "A" ice hockey team from Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada. They are members of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League, a part of the Canadian Junior Hockey League.

History
The Portage Terriers were founded in 1932. Ten years later the Terriers won the Turnbull Cup as Manitoba junior champions and went on to defeat the Oshawa Generals to win the Memorial Cup. Their roster included Joe Bell, Gordon Bell, Billy Gooden, Lin Bend, Jack MacDonald, Wally Stefaniw, Bobby Love, Oliver "Bud" Ritchie, Bill Heindl Sr., Jack O'Reilly, Joe Ledoux, Lloyd Smith and Don Campbell.

A shortage of players following World War II forced the Terriers to cease operations in 1947. The Portage Terriers would be reborn twenty years later as members of the new Central Manitoba Junior Hockey League. The CMJHL lasted only one season before it merged with the MJHL. The Terriers became a Junior 'A' club following the reorganization of Canadian junior hockey in 1970. In 1972-73, the Terriers won the ANAVET Cup as Manitoba-Saskatchewan champions and Abbott Cup as Western Canadian champions, and then defeated the Pembroke Lumber Kings to win the 1973 Centennial Cup.

The team endured some tough years following their Centennial Cup appearance and it was not until 1989 that the Terriers would recapture the league title. Since the mid-2000s, the Terriers have been the MJHL's most dominant franchise, winning nine Turnbull Cups, three ANAVET Cups, and one national championship (2015).

During the 2014-15 season, the Terriers set a new league record by posting a winning percentage of .917 during the regular season, after which they went undefeated through the playoffs to capture the Turnbull Cup. The Terriers finished second at the Western Canada Cup and then moved on to host the 2015 Royal Bank Cup in Portage la Prairie, where they captured the national title with a victory over the Carleton Place Canadians in the championship game. The 2020 national championship, rechristened as the Centennial Cup, was also to be played in Portage la Prairie but cancelled because of the coronavirus pandemic.

The Terriers have played at Stride Place, originally named the Portage Credit Union Centre, since 2010. Prior to this, the Terriers played at the Portage Centennial Arena. The team's head coach and general manager is Blake Spiller, who has held the position since 2006. Spiller is the winningest coach in the team's history.

The 1942 and 1972-73 Portage Terriers have been inducted into the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame under the team category.

Season-by-season record
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against

Playoffs

 * 1971 Lost quarter-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-2

 * 1972 Lost semi-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Kenora Muskies 4-games-to-1
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-none

 * 1973 Won League, won Man/Sask Championship, won Abbott Cup, won 1973 Centennial Cup
 * Portage Terriers defeated Kenora Muskies 4-games-to-none
 * Portage Terriers defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-none MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Portage Terriers defeated Humboldt Broncos (SJHL) 3-games-to-2 and a default MAN/SASK CHAMPIONS
 * Portage Terriers defeated Penticton Broncos (BCJHL) 4-games-to-3 ABBOTT CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Portage Terriers defeated Pembroke Lumber Kings (CJHL) 4-games-to-1 CENTENNIAL CUP CHAMPIONS

 * 1974 Lost semi-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Brandon Travellers 4-games-to-2
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3

 * 1975 Lost semi-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-none
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-1

 * 1976 Lost quarter-final
 * Brandon Travellers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-1

 * 1977 DNQ
 * 1978 Lost quarter-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-none

 * 1979 Lost semi-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-3
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-none

 * 1980 DNQ
 * 1981 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-none

 * 1982 Lost quarter-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-none

 * 1983 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-none

 * 1984 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-none

 * 1985 DNQ
 * 1986 DNQ
 * 1987 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-1

 * 1988 Lost final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1
 * Portage Terriers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-1
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-none

 * 1989 Lost quarter-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3

 * 1990 Won League, lost Anavet Cup
 * Portage Terriers defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1
 * Portage Terriers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-1
 * Portage Terriers defeated Kildonan North Stars 4-games-to-none MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Nipawin Hawks (SJHL) defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-2

 * 1991 Lost quarter-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-1

 * 1992 Lost semi-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-1
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-1

 * 1993 Lost semi-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-none
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-1

 * 1994 Lost quarter-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-1

 * 1995 Lost quarter-final
 * Neepawa Natives defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-none

 * 1996 Lost quarter-final
 * Neepawa Natives defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3

 * 1997 Lost quarter-final
 * OCN Blizzard defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-1

 * 1998 Lost quarter-final
 * OCN Blizzard defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-2

 * 1999 Lost quarter-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-2

 * 2000 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-none

 * 2001 Lost quarter-final
 * Neepawa Natives defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3

 * 2002 Lost semi-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-1
 * OCN Blizzard defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3

 * 2003 Lost semi-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-3
 * OCN Blizzard defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-1

 * 2004 Lost final
 * Portage Terriers defeated OCN Blizzard 4-games-to-none
 * Portage Terriers defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-2
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-none

 * 2005 Won League, won Anavet Cup, lost in 2005 Royal Bank Cup round robin
 * Portage Terriers defeated OCN Blizzard 4-games-to-2
 * Portage Terriers defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-1
 * Portage Terriers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-2 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Portage Terriers defeated Yorkton Terriers (SJHL) 4-games-to-2 ANAVET CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Fifth and eliminated in 2005 Royal Bank Cup round robin (1-3)

 * 2006 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-2

 * 2007 Lost quarter-final
 * Neepawa Natives defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3

 * 2008 Won League, lost Anavet Cup
 * Portage Terriers defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-3
 * Portage Terriers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-none
 * Portage Terriers defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-1 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-none

 * 2009 Won League, lost Anavet Cup
 * Portage Terriers defeated Waywayseecappo Wolverines 4-games-to-none
 * Portage Terriers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-none
 * Portage Terriers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3

 * 2010 Lost quarter-final
 * Swan Valley Stampeders defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-1

 * 2011 Won League, won Anavet Cup, lost in 2011 Royal Bank Cup round robin
 * Portage Terriers defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-2
 * Portage Terriers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-2
 * Portage Terriers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Portage Terriers defeated La Ronge Ice Wolves 4-games-to-3 ANAVET CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Fifth and eliminated from 2011 Royal Bank Cup round robin (1-3)

 * 2012 Won League, lost in 2012 Royal Bank Cup round robin
 * Portage Terriers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-0
 * Portage Terriers defeated Winnipeg Blues 4-games-to-2
 * Portage Terriers defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-1 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3
 * Fifth and eliminated from 2012 Royal Bank Cup round robin (1-3)

 * 2013 Lost quarter-final
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3

 * 2014 Lost quarter-final
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3

 * 2015 Won League, WCC Runner-up, Won Royal Bank Cup
 * Portage Terriers defeated Waywayseecappo Wolverines 4-games-to-none
 * Portage Terriers defeated Virden Oil Capitals 4-games-to-none
 * Portage Terriers defeated Steinbach Pistons 4-games-to-none MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Second in the 2015 Western Canada Cup round robin (3-1)
 * Penticton Vees defeated Portage Terriers 4-3 in WCC final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Melfort Mustangs 4-2 in WCC runner-up game
 * First in the 2015 Royal Bank Cup round robin (3-1)
 * Portage Terriers defeated Melfort Mustangs 6-1 in semi-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Carleton Place Canadians 5-2 in final ROYAL BANK CUP CHAMPIONS

 * 2016 Won League, lost in WCC runner-up game
 * Portage Terriers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-none
 * Portage Terriers defeated Winnipeg Blues 4-games-to-none
 * Portage Terriers defeated Steinbach Pistons 4-games-to-1 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Fourth in the 2016 Western Canada Cup round robin (2-1-1)
 * Melfort Mustangs defeated Portage Terriers 3-2 in runner-up game

 * 2017 Won League, lost in WCC round robin
 * Portage Terriers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-2
 * Portage Terriers defeated Steinbach Pistons 4-games-to-2
 * Portage Terriers defeated OCN Blizzard 4-games-to-2 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Fifth and eliminated from 2017 Western Canada Cup round robin (1-3)

 * 2018 Lost quarter-final
 * Winnipeg Blues defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-2

 * 2019 Won League, won Anavet Cup, lost in 2019 National Junior A Championship round robin
 * Portage Terriers defeated Waywayseecappo Wolverines 4-games-to-0
 * Portage Terriers defeated Virden Oil Capitals 4-games-to-0
 * Portage Terriers defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-3 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Portage Terriers defeated Battlefords North Stars 4-games-to-1 ANAVET CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Fifth and eliminated from 2019 National Junior A Championship round robin (0-4)

 * 2020 Playoffs cancelled
 * Portage Terriers leading Dauphin Kings 2-games-to-1 when playoffs were cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic''

 * 2021 Playoffs cancelled
 * 2022 DNQ
 * 2023 Lost semi-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Niverville Nighthawks 4-games-to-1
 * Virden Oil Capitals defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3

Notable executives

 * E. A. Gilroy, manager of the Terriers for the 1938–39 season

Notable alumni

 * Lin Bend
 * Rick Blight
 * Bryan Hextall
 * Jason Kasdorf
 * Junior Lessard
 * Dave McDonald
 * Curt Ridley
 * Black Jack Stewart
 * J. P. Vigier

title: Portage Terriers


text:
Val Rosing

Valerian Rosing (1910–1969), also known after 1938 as Gilbert Russell, was a British dance band singer best known as the vocalist with the BBC in the BBC Dance Orchestra directed by Henry Hall.

Rosing was the son of Russian tenor Vladimir Rosing and English singer Marie Falle. Rosing sang on the original BBC recording of "Teddy Bears' Picnic" as well as "In a Little Gypsy Tea Room". He also sang on the Ray Noble Orchestra's version of "Try a Little Tenderness", the first recording of this well-covered song. Rosing recorded more than one hundred sides with various English bands, including Spike Hughes and His Decca-Dents, the Jack Payne Orchestra, Jack Hylton's Orchestra and Rosing's own Radio Rhythm Rascals.

In 1938, Rosing moved to America at the urging of Louis B. Mayer, who renamed him Gilbert Russell, with hopes of making Rosing the "English Bing Crosby". His years at MGM were uneventful and, after his stint with the studio, he sang and acted in musicals and light operas around the country. Making the transition from pop to "legitimate" singer, Rosing legally changed his name to Gilbert Russell and sang in Chicago Theater of the Air, the NY Opera Company, and the San Francisco Opera.

During March 1960, Russell performed in Tonight at the Opera starring Kathryn Grayson at the Sombrero Playhouse in Phoenix, Arizona. Russell sang the final scenes from Faust with Jean Cook, to an audience that included then first lady Mamie Eisenhower. His father, Vladimir Rosing, staged the production.

In the 1960s, Gilbert Russell worked as one of Hollywood's top vocal coaches, with students that included Natalie Wood, George Chakiris, June Lockhart and Tina Louise.

Russell was married three times. The first, in 1932, was to English actress Meriel Carrington. They had a daughter, the artist Anna Edouard. His second marriage was in 1953 to Marilyn Pendry, a dancer in movies such as White Christmas and An American in Paris. They had one daughter, Claudia Russell, before divorcing. Russell's third marriage was in 1961 to June Baum, a singer and actress.

Gilbert Russell (Val Rosing) died of colon cancer in 1969 at the age of 59 and is buried at Eden Cemetery in Los Angeles.

title: Val Rosing


text:
User:MCB/monobook.css

a:visited { color: #daa520; }

table.metadata {display:table;}

a { text-decoration:underline !important; }

title: User:MCB/monobook.css


text: Talk:Taki language

title: Talk:Taki language


text:
User talk:Weebs

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

That was the canned welcome message. This isn't. Good to meet you, Matthew, good to have you on board. Your plans for articles on tricky bio subjects look promising; your plans for detailed articles on Freespace ships I personally could do without, but what the hell. Still good to have you on board. DS 00:36, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Weebs


text:
Waywayseecappo Wolverines

The Waywayseecappo Wolverines are a Junior A ice hockey team playing in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League. They play their home games in the Waywayseecappo Community Complex in Waywayseecappo, Manitoba, Canada. The team played its first game on September 25, 1999.

Season-by-season record
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against

Playoffs

 * 2000 DNQ
 * 2001 DNQ
 * 2002 DNQ
 * 2003 DNQ
 * 2004 DNQ
 * 2005 DNQ
 * 2006 DNQ
 * 2007 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Waywayseecappo Wolverines 4-games-to-3

 * 2008 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Waywayseecappo Wolverines 4-games-to-3

 * 2009 Lost quarter-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Waywayseecappo Wolverines 4-games-to-none

 * 2010 DNQ
 * 2011 Lost quarter-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Waywayseecappo Wolverines 4-games-to-2

 * 2012 DNQ
 * 2013 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Waywayseecappo Wolverines 4-games-to-2

 * 2014 Lost Survivor Series
 * OCN Blizzard defeated Waywayseecappo Wolverines 2-games-to-1

 * 2015 Lost quarter-final
 * Waywayseecappo Wolverines defeated Dauphin Kings 2-games-to-0
 * Portage Terriers defeated Waywayseecappo Wolverines 4-games-to-0

 * 2016 Lost Survivor Series
 * Swan Valley Stampeders defeated Waywayseecappo Wolverines 2-games-to-0

 * 2017 DNQ
 * 2018 DNQ
 * 2019 Lost quarter-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Waywayseecappo Wolverines 4-games-to-0

 * 2020 Playoffs cancelled
 * Swan Valley Stampeders leading Waywayseecappo Wolverines 2-games-to-1 when playoffs were cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic''

 * 2021 Playoffs cancelled
 * 2022 Lost quarter-final
 * Virden Oil Capitals defeated Waywayseecappo Wolverines 4-games-to-0

 * 2023 DNQ

title: Waywayseecappo Wolverines


text:
Neepawa Titans

The Neepawa Titans (formerly the Neepawa Natives) are a Canadian Junior "A" ice hockey team from Neepawa, Manitoba. They are members of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League (MJHL), a part of the Canadian Junior Hockey League, and play home games at the Yellowhead Centre.

Neepawa Natives (1989–2021)
Neepawa's MJHL team was founded in 1989 as the Neepawa Natives. The creation of the original team name was rooted in the early 1960s, with the then-named Neepawa Intermediates hockey team. In 1963, Ron Guinn and Cecil Pittman suggested the Neepawa Intermediates should create an actual team name for the Neepawa-based hockey club. A name that would connect to Neepawa (a Cree name meaning abundance or plenty) was explored. The name 'Natives' was selected because Neepawa and Natives both start with the letter 'N', and were seven letters long, which led Pittman and Guinn to believe it was a good fit for the team. They were also influenced by the many sports teams, throughout all of North America, that already had logos and team names that were Native American-themed. For example, the Cleveland Indians took their name in 1915. Scores of North American high schools and colleges also adopted Native American-themed team names and logos in the 1920s and 1930s.

The name would go on to be used by the intermediate team, who would play in the Inter Ridge Hockey League, the Central Plains Hockey League and the South West Hockey League in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1989, Neepawa was accepted into the MJHL and was in need of creating its own team name and identity. Wanting to respect the hockey history created by that Neepawa Intermediates team, it was decided to use the Natives name for the community's new Junior 'A' Hockey club. The Natives name was gradually adopted by Neepawa Minor Hockey for its youth teams.

The Neepawa Natives had many successful seasons reaching the MJHL Finals in 1996 and the meeting in the division finals seven times.

Hazing incident
In October 2011, a 15-year-old player came forward with allegations of sexual-based rookie hazing within the team's locker room. The victim's mother said her son was forced to walk around the team locker room with a set of water bottles tied to his scrotum and that assistant coach Brad Biggers was allegedly present in the dressing room at the time. As a result, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police opened an investigation of the incident and the MJHL hired an independent investigator to look into the incident.

Following its investigation, the MJHL levied a record $5000 fine against the team and a total of 18 suspensions to team players and personnel, as well an indefinite suspension to Biggers, preventing him from coaching for any team affiliated with Hockey Canada. Head coach and general manager Bryant Perrier, who initially reported the incident to the league, left his post shortly thereafter and also received an indefinite ban from the MJHL (which has since been rescinded). The team later issued an apology to the hazing victims, its staff, sponsors, fans, and local community. No criminal charges were laid by the RCMP.

Neepawa Titans (2021–present)
In July 2020, the team announced the intention to change its name and logo in response to growing pressure for sports teams to remove names and logos considered offensive to Indigenous peoples. The team's new name (Neepawa Titans) and logo, inspired by the Vegas Golden Knights theme, were unveiled in June 2021. Among the other nicknames considered were the Bulls, Thunder, Salt Dogs and Generals.

Season-by-season record
Note: GP = games played, W = wins, L = losses, T = ties, OTL = overtime losses, GF = goals for, GA = goals against, DNQ = did not qualify

Playoffs

 * 1990 DNQ
 * 1991 Lost quarter-final
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-none
 * 1992 Lost quarter-final
 * St. James Canadians defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-1
 * 1993 Lost quarter-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-none
 * 1994 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-2
 * 1995 Lost semi-final
 * Neepawa Natives defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-none
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-3
 * 1996 Lost final
 * Neepawa Natives defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3
 * Neepawa Natives defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-2
 * St. James Canadians defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-3
 * 1997 Lost quarter-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-3
 * 1998 Lost quarter-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-1
 * 1999 DNQ
 * 2000 DNQ
 * 2001 Lost semi-final
 * Neepawa Natives defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3
 * OCN Blizzard defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-1
 * 2002 Lost quarter-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-1
 * 2003 DNQ
 * 2004 Lost quarter-final
 * Swan Valley Stampeders defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-2
 * 2005 Lost semi-final
 * Neepawa Natives defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-2
 * Portage Terriers defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-1
 * 2006 DNQ
 * 2007 Lost semi-final
 * Neepawa Natives defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-2
 * 2008 DNQ
 * 2009 Lost quarter-final
 * Winnipeg Saints defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-none
 * 2010 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-none
 * 2011 DNQ
 * 2012 DNQ
 * 2013 DNQ
 * 2014 DNQ
 * 2015 DNQ
 * 2016 DNQ
 * 2017 Lost quarter-final
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-2
 * 2018 DNQ
 * 2019 DNQ
 * 2020 DNQ
 * 2021 Playoffs cancelled
 * 2022 DNQ
 * 2023 DNQ

Players
People who have played for the Neepawa Titans or Neepawa Natives include:

 * Matt Bailey
 * Morgan Geekie
 * Triston Grant
 * Shane Hnidy
 * Mark Kolesar
 * Patrick Köppchen
 * Peter Leboutillier
 * Riley Weselowski

title: Neepawa Titans


text:
Yao, Chad

Yao (ياؤ) is a town in Chad and the capital of the Fitri department.

Yao is also the name of a pre-colonial Sultanate in the same area. See the Bulala people.

title: Yao, Chad


text:
User talk:Sandman tth

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --HappyCamper 00:40, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Florent Sinama Pongolle
Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. KeithD (talk) 09:27, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sandman tth


text:
Légifrance

Légifrance is the official website of the French government for the publication of legislation, regulations, and legal information. It was established by decree in 2002. Access to the site is free.

Virtually complete, it presents or refers to all concerned institutions or administrations, all texts still in force since 1539 and all the upper courts jurisprudence since 1986 as well as the most pertinent one of all courts since 1875.

title: Légifrance


text:
Lake Fitri

Lake Fitri is located in the center of Chad about 300 km east of N’Djamena. The normal size of the lake is about 50000 hectare. The size of this lake can triple in wetter years. This freshwater lake is shallow and is fed by seasonal rainfall and run-off from a catchment area estimated at 70000 sqkm. The principal river feed is the seasonal Batha River which carries water from the Ouaddai massif to the west.

Similarly to Chad's other lake, Lake Chad, it is not quite as large as it once was. It has been designated under the Ramsar Convention as a Wetland of International Importance. The normally permanent lake may dry out during severe drought periods, such as occurred at the beginning of the twentieth century and again in 1984–1985.

title: Lake Fitri


text: User talk:140.247.243.37

title: User talk:140.247.243.37