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Dutch Leonard (left-handed pitcher)

Hubert Benjamin "Dutch" Leonard, (April 16, 1892 – July 11, 1952) was an American left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who had an 11-year career from 1913 to 1921, and 1924 to 1925. He played for the Boston Red Sox and Detroit Tigers, and holds the major league modern-era record for the lowest single-season ERA of all time — 0.96 in 1914.

He is not to be confused with Emil "Dutch" Leonard, a right-handed pitcher who pitched in the major leagues between 1933 and 1953.

Early years
Born in Birmingham, Ohio, Leonard played baseball for Saint Mary's College of California, then located in Oakland, from 1910 to 1911. In 1912, he played for the Denver Grizzlies of the Western League, where he compiled a 22–9 record with 326 strikeouts and an ERA of 2.50.

Boston Red Sox
Leonard debuted with the Boston Red Sox in 1913. He had a breakout season in his second year in the major leagues,, leading the American League with a remarkable 0.96 ERA – the MLB record for single-season ERA when not counting Tim Keefe's record of 0.86 in his first MLB season, since it was only in 105 innings pitched. (The lowest ERA since then is Bob Gibson's 1.12 in 1968.) Leonard also pitched well in Boston's 1915 and 1916 World Series victories. He won Game 3 of the 1915 World Series, outduelling the Phillies' Grover Cleveland Alexander 2–1. He also won Game 4 of the 1916 World Series against the Brooklyn Robins.

Leonard also pitched two no-hitters for the Red Sox, the first in 1916 against the St. Louis Browns and the second in 1918 against the Detroit Tigers.

Detroit Tigers
In January 1919, the Red Sox sold Leonard to the Detroit Tigers, where Leonard played from 1919 to 1921 and 1924–1925. Leonard became embroiled in a salary dispute with Tigers' owner Frank Navin in 1922, and Leonard opted to play for Fresno, in the San Joaquin Valley League in 1922 and 1923. Leonard was suspended by the American League for his actions, but he rejoined the Tigers in 1924 where he feuded with Tigers manager Ty Cobb. Leonard pitched in his final major league game on July 19, 1925.

Dutch Leonard and Ty Cobb
Even before their player-manager feud, Leonard and Cobb had a history. In 1914, Leonard hit Cobb in the ribs with a fastball. In the next at bat, Cobb dragged a bunt which the Red Sox first baseman was forced to field; as Leonard's foot landed on the bag, Cobb's foot, spikes and all, landed on Leonard's, drawing blood.

A full feud broke when Cobb took over as the Tigers' manager in 1921. Cobb took pleasure in fining Leonard, who enjoyed late nights, for violating curfew. At one point in the 1921 season, Leonard was 11–13, despite a respectable ERA; Cobb left his office door open so that Leonard could hear him on the phone, faking a call: "I'm putting that damned Dutchman on waivers." In 1922, Leonard and Cobb fought over how to pitch to George Sisler and Tris Speaker. Leonard cursed Cobb to his face during the dispute, and Leonard ended up quitting the team in 1921, calling Cobb a "horse's ass."

When Leonard returned to the Tigers in 1924 after two seasons in the San Joaquin Valley League, the feud with Cobb resumed. By the middle of the 1925 season, Leonard was 11–3, but that did not stop Cobb from accusing Leonard of being a shirker. In front of the team, Cobb berated Leonard: "Don't you dare turn bolshevik on me. I'm the boss here." Leonard accused Cobb of over-working him, and Cobb responded in July 1925 by leaving Leonard on the mound for an entire game despite Leonard's giving up 20 hits and taking a 12–4 beating. After that, Leonard refused to pitch for Cobb. As a result, the Tigers put Leonard on waivers, and when no team picked him up, his baseball career came to an end.

Rumors began to spread that Leonard was claiming he "had something" on Cobb. Leonard was quoted as saying, "I am going to expose that bastard Cobb, I'll ruin him." And in 1926, Leonard sought his revenge, contacting American League president Ban Johnson and accusing Cobb of being involved in gambling and/or fixing games with Tris Speaker. Leonard claimed that Speaker and Cobb had conspired before a 1919 Tigers–Indians game to allow the Tigers to win, enabling the team to reach third place and qualify for World Series money. To corroborate his story, Leonard produced letters written at the time (one by Cobb and one by Smoky Joe Wood) that obliquely referred to gambling or game-fixing. When Johnson made Leonard's letter public in December 1926, it started a scandal.

Cobb was called to testify at a hearing before Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis, and denied Leonard's allegations. Cobb noted that Leonard "had the reputation in the past of being a bolshevik on the club." Leonard declined to appear and testify at the hearing, saying he feared a physical attack from "that wild man." In the absence of Leonard's testimony, Landis found Cobb and Speaker not guilty.

Career outside baseball
Leonard did well for himself after baseball. He became a very successful California fruit farmer and wine maker. He was also an expert left-handed golfer. Leonard died in 1952 at age 60 from complications of a stroke. He is buried at Mountain View Cemetery in Fresno, California. His estate at the time of his death was reportedly worth $2.1 million ($0 in 2021).

When Japanese Americans were forced into internment camps in 1942 by Executive Order 9066, most lost their homes and businesses forever. Dutch Leonard, however, promised to manage the farm of an interned Japanese American farmer. When the war ended, the farmer returned to his land and Dutch gave him $20,000 in profits accumulated over the intervening years. Dutch came through with his promise - a rarity in a time when Japanese Americans' businesses, farms, land and homes were typically pilfered or stolen.

title: Dutch Leonard (left-handed pitcher)


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Jeffrey Leonard

Jeffrey N. Leonard (born September 22, 1955) is an American former professional baseball left fielder. He played 14 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1977 to 1990 for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Houston Astros, San Francisco Giants, Milwaukee Brewers, and Seattle Mariners.

Leonard was known professionally until the 1986 season as "Jeff" Leonard.

Early years
Leonard was born in Philadelphia. He was a standout in football, basketball and baseball at Overbrook High School in Philadelphia, which produced basketball stars Wilt Chamberlain and Walt Hazzard. He got 60 scholarship offers for football, five for basketball and none for baseball, where he played shortstop and twice hit two home runs in one inning.

Baseball career
Leonard was signed as an amateur free agent by the Los Angeles Dodgers in June 1973.

Minor league career
While playing in the minor leagues in the middle of the 1981 season Max Venable and Guy Sularz gave Jeffrey Leonard the nickname "HackMan" because he had a habit of swinging at the first pitch no matter what. People spelled it "Hackman" but he did not like the way the spelling looked, and said, "Spell it like the video game PacMan", so it came out as "HacMan." Leonard was known for his "one flap down" routine: running around the bases after hitting a home run with one arm hanging motionless at his side. Leonard tied for the California League lead for assists by an outfielder with 13 while playing for the Bakersfield Dodgers in 1976. He also led the Pacific Coast League in hits (183) and batting average (.365) while playing for the Albuquerque Dukes in 1978.

Notable achievements in Major League Baseball
Leonard, along with Dave Bergman, was traded from the Houston Astros to the San Francisco Giants for Mike Ivie on April 20, 1981. He was selected to the National League All-Star team in 1987 and to the American League All-Star team in 1989. Jeffrey Leonard's greatest moment as a player most likely occurred during the 1987 National League Championship Series while with the San Francisco Giants. During the seven-game series against the St. Louis Cardinals, Leonard had five runs, ten hits, four home runs, five runs batted in, a batting average of .417, and a slugging percentage of .917. For his performance, Leonard was awarded the 1987 NLCS Most Valuable Player Award. As of 2024, Leonard is the last person to be named the Most Valuable Player of a League Championship Series or World Series while a member of the losing team. His four home runs tied a record shared by Bob Robertson (1971) and Steve Garvey (1978) for most home runs in a League Championship Series.

It was also during this NLCS that Leonard would draw ire for a "Cadillac" home run trot; the Cardinals felt he took a little too much time rounding the bases on his home runs, thereby showing up the pitcher. In response to this attitude, and for Leonard's repeated "one-flap down" routine of running bases, Cardinals pitcher Bob Forsch famously hit Leonard in the back with a fastball in the fifth inning of Game 3. The St. Louis press began calling Leonard "both flaps down" after the incident.

Leonard was dealt from the Giants to the Milwaukee Brewers for Ernest Riles on June 8, 1988. His playing time reduced because of injuries, he had been replaced by Mike Aldrete as the starting left fielder.

Leonard had a solid career in the majors that included a lifetime .266 batting average, 144 home runs, 614 runs scored, and 723 RBI. During his first season as a starting outfielder, he hit .290 for the Houston Astros in 1979. His best season was in 1984 when Leonard hit .302 with 21 homers and 86 RBI for the Giants. His best season for power came with Seattle in 1989 as the 6-2, 200-pound slugger finished with a .254 average along with 24 home runs and 93 RBI.

Pittsburgh drug trials
Leonard was one of seven then-current or former major league baseball players who testified at the 1985 cocaine trafficking trial of Curtis Strong, which became known as the Pittsburgh drug trials. Many of the players who testified, including Leonard, were given immunity from prosecution in exchange for their testimony. Baseball commissioner Peter Ueberroth suspended 11 players on February 28, 1986, including Leonard. Ueberroth interviewed the involved players during the off-season at the end of that year, and imposed sanctions against players for their apparent involvement in the cocaine network. Leonard was among a group of players that Ueberroth cited as having had a "prolonged pattern of drug use" and had involvement in cocaine distribution; these players were issued one-year suspensions from Major League Baseball, however, the suspensions were to be waived in exchange for donations to drug-treatment programs, and community service performed with drug-related organizations. The donations for many, including Leonard, were to amount to 10% of their base salaries (in Leonard's case, this amounted to $80,000 ) and players had to submit to drug testing for the rest of their careers. The Pittsburgh drug trials are considered one of Major League Baseball's biggest scandals of all time, albeit one that was "behind the scenes" and did not affect play on the field.

Post-playing activities
Since his retirement, Leonard has coached both in Minor League organizations and college baseball. He coached the Antelope Valley College Marauders baseball team in 2003 and 2004, where he had a total win–loss record of 25-44-1. He has taught students who are serious about furthering their baseball careers to a college level and/or professional level. Since 2013, he has been a part of the San Francisco Giants front office as a community ambassador.

He is the father of two sons. Leonard and his former wife started a foundation called the One Flap Down Foundation to help single parents going through breast cancer treatment, after Leonard's former step-daughter Christine, a single mother of three, was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2009.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jeffrey Leonard


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Mertz Glacier

Mertz Glacier (-67.5°N, 144.75°W) is a heavily crevassed glacier in George V Coast of East Antarctica. It is the source of a glacial prominence that historically has extended northward into the Southern Ocean, the Mertz Glacial Tongue. It is named in honor of the Swiss explorer Xavier Mertz.

The Mertz-Ninnis Valley (-67.41667°N, 146°W) is an undersea valley named in association with the Mertz Glacier and the Ninnis Glacier.

Geography
Mertz Glacier is about 45 mi long and averaging 20 mi wide. It reaches the sea at the head of a 60 km fjord where it continues as a large glacier tongue out between Cape De la Motte/Buchanan Bay on the West, and Cape Hurley/Fisher Bay on the east, into the Southern Ocean. The Mertz Glacier Tongue (-67.16667°N, 145.5°W) is about 50 mi long in total hence it protrudes about 20–25 km out into the Ocean. It is roughly 25 mi wide. The Glacier delivers about 10 to 12 Gigatons of ice per year to the fjord and the Tongue advances at about 1 km per year down the fjord and out into the Ocean.

History
The glacier was discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) under Douglas Mawson, who named it for Xavier Mertz, a member of the expedition who died on January 7, 1913, on the far-east sledge journey. Mertz's body likely remains in the glacier that bears his name, a few miles closer to the Southern Ocean than when he was buried in the ice by Mawson.

2010 calving
In February 2010 about half of the Mertz Glacier Tongue, a piece of ice about 78 km long and 33 - 39 km wide and protruding 100 km out into the Southern Ocean, broke away from the main body of the Tongue. The separation occurred around the 12 or 13 February along two existing rift lines on opposite sides of the Tongue. The event was helped in part when the large Iceberg B-9B collided with it. Iceberg B-9B is a 97 km long by 30 km wide remnant of Iceberg B-9 which broke off the Ross Ice Shelf in 1987 and has recently ungrounded itself from Ninnis Bank to the east of the Tongue where it had been lodged for 18 years.

The newly formed iceberg has been named Iceberg C-28, because it is the 28th substantial iceberg to have broken off the Antarctic ice shelf, in the quadrant that faces Australia, since 1976. The iceberg is 400 m high, has a surface area of 2545 km2 and weights in at about 860 billion tonnes. According to Australian glaciologist Neal Young, such an event occurs once in 50 to 100 years. As the Tongue advances at 1 km per year this new iceberg represents about 70 years of glacier advance. Within 2 weeks the Mertz Iceberg rotated about the point of impact with B9-B and lay parallel with the coastline. The iceberg drifted westwards after the collision and in April 2010 hit a submerged peak which caused it to break into two pieces.

The flow of icebergs from the calved glacier tongue has reduced the effectiveness of the polynya west of Mertz Glacier that acted as one of Antarctica's major areas for the formation of dense Antarctic Bottom Water. The calving could affect future thermohaline circulation around Antarctica.

Important Bird Area
A 641 ha site on fast ice near the northern, or terminal, edge of the glacier toe has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a colony of emperor penguins. Since its original identification in 2009, and the split of the tongue in 2010, the colony split into two sub-colonies about 20 km apart, with a ground census estimating some 5,100 breeding pairs in the western colony and 2,300 breeding pairs in the eastern.

title: Mertz Glacier


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Kerry Ligtenberg

Kerry Dale Ligtenberg (born May 11, 1971) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher and coach.

Early life
Ligtenberg was born in Rapid City, South Dakota. He graduated from Park High School in Cottage Grove, Minnesota.

Playing career
After attending the University of Minnesota in 1994, Ligtenberg signed with the Minneapolis Loons of the independent North Central League. He made 19 starts with them (114 innings pitched), allowing 103 hits and 44 walks for an ERA of 3.31. He struck out 94. In 1995, he attended spring training with the Seattle Mariners as a potential replacement player during the ongoing Major League Baseball strike. On March 28, after pitching well enough to be offered a replacement contract, his contract was purchased by the Mariners. Like the rest of the replacement players he was released on April 2, after the strike was settled. As a result of being a replacement player, effectively crossing the players' picket line, he was subsequently never allowed to join the Major League Baseball Players Association.

In 1995, the North Central League folded, and the Loons joined the independent Prairie League for the 1995 season. Ligtenberg re-signed with them, and in 19 games (17 starts) he pitched 109 innings, allowing 101 hits, 26 walks, and striking out 100 with a 2.73 ERA. Based on information provided by Loons' manager (and former Atlanta Braves catcher) Greg Olson, Atlanta purchased his contract on January 27, 1996. The purchase price was $720 worth of baseball equipment.

His major league career began in. He played for the Atlanta Braves and Arizona Diamondbacks of the National League and the Baltimore Orioles and Toronto Blue Jays of the American League. His best season came in, when he replaced Mark Wohlers as the Braves closer in mid-season, converted 30 of 34 save opportunities. He finished fourth in the 1998 National League Rookie of the Year voting. His 1999 season, however was hampered by a ligament tear, and after returning from injury in 2000 Ligtenberg was used primarily as a set-up man and middle reliever.

Ligtenberg last played in 2009 for the St. Paul Saints of the American Association. According to a Twitter post by Kevin Goldstein, Ligtenberg retired on August 6, 2009, citing a knee injury.

Coaching career
Ligtenberg served as pitching coach for the St. Paul Saints from 2011 to 2020.

On April 1, 2021, Ligtenberg was named the pitching coach of the Kane County Cougars, a former Low-A Midwest League club that later moved to the American Association due to the restructuring of Minor League Baseball. He left the Cougars during the 2022 off season.

Personal life
In 2000, Ligtenberg graduated from the University of Minnesota with a degree in chemical engineering. He received his diploma during an on-field ceremony at Atlanta's Turner Field in September 2000. Ligtenberg has three children.

title: Kerry Ligtenberg


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Emigrant-direct.com

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE.  Rob e  rt  17:28, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Emigrant-direct.com
substub, complete vanity. seems notable, but the current form of the article is in no way encyclopedic. -Greg Asche (talk) 21:43, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per nom. Someone can write a real article later if they want to. -- SCZenz 22:26, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * delete advertisement for on-line bank. Pete.Hurd 16:46, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Talk:Oven

Oven types
I have included a list (draft) of oven types. There might be more types, anyway i see room for expansion. User:Yy-bo 17:33, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

 * What really should happen here is that this article (Oven) should become a disambiguation page, pointing people to individual articles that cover all the topics you've raised. Most of the current content of this article probably belongs in a hypothetical Oven (cooking) article.

 * Atlant 19:02, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

Here a list (which has been removed from the article): relevant revision

Merge Industrial oven

 * Support merge. Not enough content to have it's own content. + m t  18:11, 24 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose - Although Industrial oven is poorly written and a stub, I feel this article is about cooking only which has a rich history and culture, while Industrial oven has a completely different use with its own unique history, use and culture.--Chef Christopher Allen Tanner, CCC 02:26, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

Merge proposal
Convection oven is in essence an evolution of the cooking oven and as such should be part of this article instead of separate. I also feel the article should be renamed "Cooking oven" and the Industrial oven article should remain separate as they both have two separate histories, uses and cultures behind them.--Chef Christopher Allen Tanner, CCC 02:26, 26 September 2007 (UTC)
 * CommentAs a matter of fact, should not many of the "ovens" listed on the "oven" page be merged into the oven articles that are used for cooking, especially those which are stubs?--Chef Christopher Allen Tanner, CCC 02:33, 26 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Strongly disagree with proposed merges. While it is true that all such things are ovens, they are distinct types of oven. A convection oven, a microwave oven, an electric oven, and a masonry oven are all quite different subjects, even if they sometimes overlap. In any case, there's potentially enough information in all of those articles that the Oven article could potentially become very unwieldy, especially for dial-up users. Haikupoet 01:11, 27 September 2007 (UTC)s
 *  Agree with Strongly disagree Convection ovens are far more expensive, work differently and are considered distinct in the market place. Our purpose here is to divide up knowledge into segments that would often be most looked for.  Most people coming here would know what an oven was but not know exactly what a convection oven was or how it worked.  Therefore the distinction is important.  A person looking for this difference might have to wade though way to much to get his answer in an article on ovens.
 * Comment - If it wasn't for the list at the bottom of the article, this article would almost be a stub, it at most now is a low-quality start, this is because without the modern information from these other ovens, there ends up being very little to talk about These are all oven, and if someone would eventually bring them past the stub mark, then a summary would go on here along with a link to the "main" article for that particular type of oven as many other articles do on large subjects such as Beer (different styles and other subjects).--Chef Christopher Allen Tanner, CCC 02:33, 27 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Okay, well, here's what I think. Looking at the specific articles you've proposed for the merge, I think I can make a comment about them. Clome oven and possibly Horno could be merged into masonry oven without much difficulty, I think, but wood-fired oven and earth oven are more problematic. The first is a somewhat separate subject because masonry oven covers several different heat sources, including wood, gas, coal, and electric. The second represents a different but closely related branch of the family tree with its own evolution. Convection oven really has to be separate just because of the completely different physics of the heating process. Overall, though, I'm not sure I'd worry so much about the main Oven article -- it's fine for its purpose and it can always be expanded with some information on how we got from hot rocks to microwaves and fans. (BTW, is kiln linked anywhere in the article?) Haikupoet 16:37, 29 September 2007 (UTC)
 * No kiln is not because this article is about culinary usage.--Chef Christopher Allen Tanner, CCC 20:34, 30 September 2007 (UTC)
 * That would appear to be a deficiency in the article's content more than anything else. Essentially it seems like an article just on ovens should deal with most or all aspects of an oven as a "box of heat", not just how it's used in cooking. It might be best to try to fill out other aspects of the article before deciding whether to merge or split it. The alternate possibility would be to create a disambig page at Oven, but I'm not too sure we'd be looking at a proper subject for that sort of thing. Haikupoet 05:54, 2 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Each of the articles proposed to be merged is a fertile enough ground for expansion to stand on its own. Cheers! bd2412  T 13:50, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Multiple Merge The culinary devices all should be together, Industrial devices should all be together. Along with the stove merger this is getting problematic, there are too many related articles that are stubs that should be part of the same articles, written in WP:Summary style.

 * Comment How about we start with the definition of a culinary oven: A Culinary oven is a device used for heating or cooking of foodstuffs. An oven is traditionally a sealed container in which food is placed for cooking by indirect heating using a form of radiant energy, usually in the form of thermal, infrared\luminescent or microwave radiation.  Here is a description of the ways ovens are heated: The heat used in ovens that are powered by thermal energy can come from various sources including electric coils, combustion of various fuels or air heated by thermal convection. Luminescent ovens traditionally will use a high powered light source while microwave ovens use high frequency electromagnetic waves in the 2.4 MHz range.

 * Now all of the various articles on types of cooking ovens that are spread out through WP are all the same thing - if you step back and look at them analytically. They all basically do the same thing, whether cooking a roast, pizza or cake, regardless of their shape or manufacture.

 * Just a comment on my thoughts about the subject - Jeremy (Jerem43 01:04, 10 October 2007 (UTC))

 * Keep as is. Kiln has moved into this article since the merge was suggested.  Really this article as a general 'principles of cooking / heating things' with the additional articles for specific types of ovens (the way it is now) seems best to me.   Under the idea that microwave ovens, convection ovens, etc. are the same in principle, we would not have individual articles on car, truck, pickup truck, and perhaps even locomotive-- "they're all the same in theory-- vehicles designed to move from one place to another using wheels and some sort of engine".  The articles all have the potential to have a lot of historical information, information about invention, patent, historical and regional use, modern use, etc, and merging into a single article would result in a large article that will eventually have to be sliced up.  We're better off with the half-baked articles for now ;)  Matthew K 23:17, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

Steam oven
steam ovens are emerging techonologies. they need to be included under 'kitchen appliances' —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.38.210.31 (talk) 18:05, 6 September 2010 (UTC)

Ethiopian oven legend
I remember reading that in Ethiopia, there is a creation myth involving an oven that attempts to explain why people have different skin colors. Namely, that people are made of (either clay or bread; don't remember which) and God put some people into the oven for too long vs. taking them out too soon. Would that be worth mentioning in an article about ovens in general, or would it be more appropriately covered elsewhere? Stonemason89 (talk) 04:48, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

Merge request
It appears that the discussion on whether to merge articles finished a couple of years ago... So i went ahead and removed it from the article. I Also went through and copy edited it, so i removed that as well.MilkStraw532 (talk) 22:38, 27 October 2011 (UTC)

How to build a better kitchen oven?
This article has some great things to consider for this article. It talks about various problems with kitchen ovens. http://spectrum.ieee.org/consumer-electronics/gadgets/nathan-myhrvolds-recipe-for-a-better-oven •  Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 17:31, 1 July 2014 (UTC)

Bread machine model 5891 instructions
This BREAD MACHINE was given to me with no instructions. It turns on, but will not mix the dough. Can you help please. Thank you, Nellie

Confusedbaker (talk) 01:41, 29 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Hi, and welcome to Wikipedia. Article talk pages exist solely to discuss how to improve articles; they are not a help desk for obtaining instructions or technical assistance. Please see the guidelines on what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions, please feel free to respond to this comment or by leaving a message at the bottom of my talk page. Thanks! Amccann421   (talk)  02:36, 29 July 2018 (UTC)

"Ovens"
The use of "Ovens" is under discussion, see Talk:Ovens.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 13:58, 26 August 2018 (UTC)
 * The record of that discussion is now found at Talk:Ovens (disambiguation). —BarrelProof (talk) 17:47, 21 September 2018 (UTC)

"Oven Toast Grill" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Oven Toast Grill. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Invalid OS (talk) 17:45, 9 January 2020 (UTC)

Information on oven
Hajsjan 122.52.91.220 (talk) 08:30, 30 May 2023 (UTC)

"Oven Toast Grill" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oven_Toast_Grill&redirect=no Oven Toast Grill] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Utopes (talk / cont) 19:19, 13 February 2024 (UTC)

"Oven-Toast-Grill" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oven-Toast-Grill&redirect=no Oven-Toast-Grill] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Utopes (talk / cont) 19:20, 13 February 2024 (UTC) In 1777 the first oven ever was created. At first everyone was like Who? What? What? then queen mary was like omg the oven is so cool then england bowed down to her and since then people have used ovens — Preceding unsigned comment added by 110.145.164.250 (talk) 23:44, 7 March 2024 (UTC)

The materials used to create the oven are sourced in Ethipoia and trade over the dark web by cyber criminals like formula 1 driver lando norris. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 110.145.164.250 (talk) 23:49, 7 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oven


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Aurelio López

Aurelio Alejandro López Rios (September 21, 1948 – September 22, 1992) was a Mexican professional baseball player. After pitching for several years in the Mexican League, he spent eleven seasons (1974, 1978–87) with four teams in Major League Baseball — a majority of it spent with the Detroit Tigers. He acquired the nickname "Señor Smoke" in Detroit, while he was known as "El Buitre de Tecamachalco" (The Vulture of Tecamachalco) in Mexico. López was discovered in his hometown by Mexican League scouts and converted from a starting pitcher to a relief pitcher.

López led the Mexico City Reds to the 1974 Mexican League World Series, then made a brief MLB debut with the Kansas City Royals before returning to the Mexican League. López was named the 1977 Mexican League Most Valuable Player (MVP). He returned to the major leagues with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1978 and pitched for the Detroit Tigers between 1979 and 1985. López finished seventh in the Cy Young Award voting in 1979. He earned a 10–1 record and 14 saves for Detroit's 1984 World Series championship team.

López returned to the postseason with Houston in 1986, but he was the losing pitcher in Game Five of that year's National League Championship Series. By the end of his MLB career, López earned a 62–36 win–loss record, 93 saves and a 3.56 earned run average (ERA). After his retirement from baseball, López served as municipal president of his hometown of Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico from 1989 until his death. He was killed in an automobile accident in 1992. López was inducted into the Mexican Professional Baseball Hall of Fame the following year.

Early life
López was born on September 21, 1948, in Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico, to Aurelio López Hernández of Veracruz and Félix Rios Torres of Tecamachalco. He grew up with five siblings. In his youth, López enjoyed both soccer and baseball but chose to pursue the latter, which was in its peak in Mexico; he found it more difficult to locate practice facilities for soccer. He studied public administration at the Autonomous University of Puebla.

López caught the attention of scout Ramon "La Chita" García of the Mexico City Reds in the Mexican League. He debuted with the team's minor-league affiliate in Las Choapas in 1967. He was promoted to the parent club the next season at the age of 19. After starting the 1969 season with Mexico City, López joined the Minatitlán Red Devils. In 1970, López rejoined Mexico City. During his time in the Mexican League, he was converted from starter to reliever by coach Wilfredo Calviño.

The Kansas City Royals purchased López's contract in August 1974, shortly after he led the Mexico City Reds to the Mexican League World Series title in four straight games. The Royals also purchased the contracts of Mexican League players Orlando Cepeda and 16-year-old Germán Barranca in the same month. The Royals planned to use López in the September pennant race and throughout the next season. Lopez pitched in eight games in 1974, and he was bought back by the Mexico City Reds in early 1975.

During the 1977 Mexican League season, López earned a 19–3 win–loss record, a 2.01 ERA and 165 strikeouts over 157 innings in 73 games. Despite being a closer, he was fifth in the league in wins, and he set a new single-season save record (30). He was named the league's MVP. For several years in the mid- to late-1970s, López pitched winter baseball in the Mexican Pacific League. He broke league records by leading the league in games pitched three times, by earning eight consecutive relief wins in 1977–78, and by leading the league in relief appearances in four consecutive seasons. Among Mexican baseball fans, López became known as "El Buitre de Tecamachalco" (The Vulture of Tecamachalco).

MLB career
López's contract was purchased by the St. Louis Cardinals from Mexico City on October 26, 1977. He joined the Springfield Redbirds of the Class AAA American Association for 1978, but returned to the major leagues during the 1978 season, earning a 4–2 record with the St. Louis Cardinals. After one season in St. Louis, López was traded to the Detroit Tigers with Jerry Morales for Jack Murphy and Bob Sykes. López posted some of his best individual statistics in the 1979 season, when he had a 10–5 win–loss record, 106 strikeouts, and a 2.41 ERA (an Adjusted ERA+ of 181). He was third in the AL in saves (21) and seventh in the Cy Young Award voting. López earned another 21 saves in 1980. In the 1981 season, he shared closer responsibilities and collected only three saves before the 1981 Major League Baseball strike ended the season.

López suffered from shoulder problems during spring training in 1982, and he was demoted to Detroit's Class AAA minor-league affiliate in Evansville by July. He was called back up to Detroit on September 1, but later that month he shocked his teammates by announcing that he was giving up his MLB career and returning to Mexico. López said that his reasons were personal, and he cited his family, the education of his children and the Mexican economy as motivating factors for the decision. He came out of retirement and returned to Detroit in time for the 1983 season. In February 1983, López became the first player in MLB history to receive a pay cut through salary arbitration. López had earned $285,000 in 1982, asked for $315,000 for 1983 and was awarded $250,000. He finished 1983 with a 9–8 record, 2.81 ERA and 18 saves.

López is perhaps best known for his role as the setup reliever for the Tigers during their 1984 championship season, when he finished with a 10–1 record, 14 saves, and a 2.94 ERA. López had a 1–0 record in both the 1984 American League Championship Series (ALCS) and 1984 World Series, and he did not give up an earned run in over six innings pitched that postseason. He faced seven batters in Game Five of the 1984 World Series, retiring them all in Detroit's 8-4 Championship-clinching victory. After the pitcher got out of two extra-inning jams to earn the win in Game 2 of the ALCS in Kansas City, Detroit manager Sparky Anderson said, "Nothing surprises me about Lopez. I've had him for five years and believe me, there's nothing like him. He's got heart and there is none better. He's one of the all-time hearts." While in Detroit, López had earned the nickname "Señor Smoke", as he hailed from Mexico and threw a powerful fastball.

By early 1985, López stated his intentions to enter free agency after the season. He placed his Detroit home up for sale, but appeared to soften when Detroit opened to the possibility of new contract negotiations. He said that he wanted to pitch another year or two and then enter the fast food business in Detroit. In late May, the Associated Press reported that López and Detroit reached a "gentleman's agreement" which would allow the pitcher to finish his career in Detroit, though no contract was signed. López finished the 1985 season with a 3–7 record and five saves. The Tigers made López a free agent in November of that year. He temporarily retired again in early 1986 before signing with the Houston Astros.

López reached the postseason that year with Houston. In the 1986 National League Championship Series, he pitched $1 1/3$ scoreless innings in Game Two, but he was the losing pitcher in Game Six when the New York Mets won the series. López pitched the fourteenth through sixteenth innings and surrendered the go ahead run twice. During spring training before the 1987 season, López was arrested in Florida on charges of driving while intoxicated and driving with a suspended license. He earned his final major league save on May 12, 1987. He finished his MLB career with a 62–36 win–loss record, 93 saves and a 3.56 earned run average. López's career save total was the highest among Mexican pitchers in MLB until Joakim Soria surpassed the mark in 2010.

Later life and death
After retiring from baseball, López moved back to Tecamachalco. He was elected municipal president of the city in 1990, a position that he held until his death. The post is equivalent to that of mayor. Early in his political service, he oversaw the installation of new water and drainage systems. Facing great opposition from the previous ruling family and even enduring shots fired at his home, he described his post as "like coming into a game with the bases loaded." As late as 1991, López mentioned the possibility of returning to baseball in a coaching role.

López was killed in an auto accident the day after his 44th birthday in Matehuala, San Luis Potosí. He was driving a car that overturned, and he was thrown from the vehicle. His wife Celia and another passenger were injured in the crash. López was buried in Tecamachalco Cemetery.

Legacy
López was inducted into the Mexican Professional Baseball Hall of Fame in 1993. He has been described as the pitcher with the highest velocity in Mexican baseball history. López had a reputation as a friendly player who got along well with other members of the team. Former Astros teammate Terry Puhl described López as "always upbeat," while fellow Astro Craig Reynolds noted that López was "everybody's friend."

Detroit rock band Electric Six named their album Señor Smoke (2005) in López's honor. In September 2012, a youth sports complex in Tecamachalco was named in honor of López.

In 2020, López was selected as the relief pitcher on the Mexican League Historic Ideal Team by a committee of baseball journalists and historians.

title: Aurelio López


text:
Template talk:UAAP

Style change
Why simplify? Does Wikipedia say so? Aeron Valderrama (talk) 09:58, 27 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Check out the templates of the other U.S. athletic conferences (such as Southeastern Conference). Simplicity is beauty, and too many colors are painful to the eyes (see WP:COLOR). – H T  D  14:30, 27 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, it is too simple. hahaha Aeron Valderrama (talk) 08:51, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
 * It's not as hideous as the earlier one, though. There should be like 3 colors, max (4 is pushing it) in a template. That has more than 8. I still have to see a template like that elsewhere on Wikipedia. – H T  D  14:49, 9 September 2012 (UTC)

title: Template talk:UAAP


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Talk:Nuevo León

Governorship currently under dispute
I see that the English page currently says Javier is the governor, while the Spanish page says it´s disputed between Samuel and the newly appointed interim governor. Should this be updated? Samuel García is claiming that he´s able to renounce his leave simply by executive action, and the other guy apparently has not been able to take control of the state government palace. The Supreme Court has ruled that the interim governor is the current governor.Prof. HL Chow FRAS (talk) 18:59, 4 December 2023 (UTC)

Grupo Bimbo
Grupo Bimbo is not Monterrey based, the company was created in Mexico City and current headquarters are in Santa Fe. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Aarkerio (talk • contribs) 21:48, 3 January 2014 (UTC)

Land area
This article on the Spanish has 64,210 km² for the land area of the state, but this English article has 64,924² for the land area. Do any of y'all know which one of these is correct? -Benjamin 21:44, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Currently, the intro to the article indicates the total area as 64,555 km², while the info box indicates the total area at 64,156 km². The discrepancies continue. — Spike  Toronto  17:54, 18 February 2024 (UTC)

Population
Could somebody source the following statements: "According to Mexican demographers, a great deal of American Indian tribes from the United States (Texas) and a large number of African-Americans evacuated to Nuevo León." And: "There is also a significant number of African-Americans that evacuated to Nuevo León."

Crotalus durissus
I believe the link and picture to this pitviper species are not in keeping with current taxonomy, and that the correct species ought to be the Totonacan rattlesnake, Crotalus totonacus, formerly thought to be a subspecies of C. durissus. Crummyusername (talk) 05:30, 6 September 2012 (UTC)crummyusername

Why aren't they just called "New Leonese" just like New Yorker or New Zealander?
Why list the Spanish demonyms in the English Wikipedia? I mean isn't there any precedent for it in the English? -- Sion8 (talk) 02:40, 11 November 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110420202128/http://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/mexicocifras/default.aspx?ent=18 to http://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/mexicocifras/default.aspx?ent=18
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120311141056/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/subspop/mx-pop.aspx to http://www.geohive.com/cntry/subspop/mx-pop.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070311105121/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/wb2/ELOCAL/EMM_nuevoleon/ to http://www.e-local.gob.mx/wb2/ELOCAL/EMM_nuevoleon/

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Infobox flag RFC
Should this article have a flag inside the infobox? There is a discussion about it at WikiProject Mexico, where you can join and discuss it. (CC) Tb hotch ™ 20:35, 17 January 2021 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Writing Seminar I
— Assignment last updated by Pthomas4 (talk) 14:36, 6 November 2022 (UTC)

Immigrants into Texas.
Tonesalv03 (talk) has recently added the following "To the north, it shares an international border with the U.S. state of Texas, which has a large population of migrants from Nuevo Leon " (addition underlined). Using the editors own sources only 7.9% of Mexican immigrants into Texas come from Nuevo León. Does this really qualify as "large population"? Or has the editor misunderstood the source material? [] Jameel the Saluki (talk) 04:37, 15 November 2022 (UTC)

Government history
Tonesalv03 (talk) has recently added a section on government history. There are several problems with this, that if remain unresolved will require the deletion of this section - a book reference is supplied, but no page number, nor is it an easily accessible book. I was unable to verify the edit - the description is not consistent with what is posted elsewhere on wikipedia including this article, the Spanish version and History of Nuevo León - the language used in the edit is mystifying. Especially, for example "Before then it was disgruntled due to many aspects" Jameel the Saluki (talk) 05:18, 15 November 2022 (UTC)

Tesla Giga
Seperate section, suggesting. Wikipietime (talk) 13:42, 30 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nuevo León


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Héctor López

Héctor Headley López Swainson (July 8, 1929 – September 29, 2022) was a Panamanian professional baseball left fielder and third baseman who played in Major League Baseball for the Kansas City Athletics and New York Yankees from 1955 to 1966. He won two World Series with Yankees in 1961 and 1962. He later became the first black manager at the Triple-A baseball level.

López was the second Panamanian-born major league baseball player and continued to be one of the country's most revered world champion athletes. Although Humberto Robinson debuted in the major leagues 22 days earlier than López, López was the first major leaguer born in Panama to have an extensive career.

Lopez was a reliable hitter but a questionable fielder. He was an infielder for the Athletics, and later was often the third outfielder on the Roger Maris/Mickey Mantle Yankees of the early and mid-1960s. López had his most successful season in 1959, but continued to contribute effectively during the early 1960s during their pennant successes. The utility player divided his career almost equally between infield and outfield positions. After retiring from baseball, he went on to become a groundbreaking manager in minor league baseball as the first to break the baseball color line as a black manager at the Triple-A level for the Buffalo Bisons and then served in various international managerial and coaching positions.

Early life
Born in Colón, Panama, on July 8, 1929, López grew up in Colón near the Panama Canal Zone. His father had been a baseball pitcher for the Panama national team. López held a part-time job at an American military base bowling alley and was a high school track star. As a high school athlete, he played semi-professional baseball for US$100 per month in Colón. After he graduated from high school, he signed to play with the St. Hyacinthe Saints of the Class-C Provincial League along with Clifford "Connie" Johnson.

Kansas City Athletics (1955–1959)
Prior to the 1952 season, López was acquired by the Philadelphia Athletics from the Drummondville Cubs of the Provincial League for $1,500 ($0 today). In 1954, López won baseball's Triple Crown in the Winter League. Throughout his professional career, he played in the Panama winter league where he won three batting titles and regularly led the league in home runs. López developed in the A's farm system, and when the team relocated to Kansas City in 1955 he was called up to the major league club. López made his major league debut in 1955. That season he finished second to Carlos Paula among rookies in batting average and was beaten out by American League strikeout-leading pitcher Herb Score for the Rookie of the Year. He usually played second or third base during his time with the Athletics. During his rookie season, he finished third on the team in home runs, trailing only Gus Zernial (30) and Vic Power (19). He tied Jim Finigan for third on the team in runs batted in (RBIs) with 68, trailing only Zernial and Power, who had 84 and 76, respectively. López was the team's regular third baseman, and was the youngest regular starter on the team. In 1956, the team finished with a 52–102 record, but López had a career-high 153 hits. He also set then-career highs in home runs (18) and runs batted in (69). In his early years, black and white players did not room together on the road, so he roomed with Vic Power even though Power's closest friend on the team was Clete Boyer. In 1957, he had a 22-game hitting streak, which is the all-time Kansas City Athletics team record for the thirteen seasons the franchise played there.

López finished in the top-10 in the American League in both games played and at bats in the 1956 and 1958 seasons, and led the league in sacrifice flies and times grounded into double plays in 1958. López also was in the top 10 in doubles and runs scored in 1958 and in sacrifice hits in 1956. On June 26, 1958, López hit three home runs in a game against the Washington Senators. During his career with the Athletics, he hit .278 with 67 home runs and 269 RBIs, and scored 298 runs. However, his talents were wasted on a team that never finished above sixth place. On May 26, 1959, he was traded with Ralph Terry to the New York Yankees for Johnny Kucks, Tom Sturdivant, and Jerry Lumpe. For all his offensive skills, López led American League third basemen in errors in each of his four full seasons in Kansas City.

Baseball writer and Kansas City Athletics fan Bill James wrote that López was as bad a defensive player as you would ever want to see. The authors of The Great American Baseball Card Flipping, Trading and Bubble Gum Book declared López "the all-time worst fielding major league ballplayer".

New York Yankees (1959–1966)
In his first season with the Yankees after being traded, he played 35 games in the outfield, the first time in his career he played more than 20 outfield games. He still played 76 games at third base for the team. In his 33 games with Kansas City at the start of the 1959 Major League Baseball season, he had played exclusively at second base. In his next five seasons with the Yankees from 1960 to 1964, he mostly played in the outfield as he was part of five consecutive pennant winners. During his time with the Yankees, he was often the third outfielder alongside Roger Maris and Mickey Mantle, known as the M&M Boys, as part of the Yankees that won two of the five consecutive World Series they played in from 1960 to 1964. López is one of eleven Yankees to have been on these five consecutive pennant winners along with Whitey Ford, Elston Howard, Bobby Richardson, and Clete Boyer and is one of seven Yankees to have been part of the entire Maris/Mantle Yankee era. In 1965 and 1966, he made the majority of his outfield appearances in right field. However, in 1965 Mantle did not play center field. Mantle did return to center field for the majority of his appearances in 1966 (the final year of the Maris/Mantle Yankees and the final year of López' career).

In 1959, he finished in the top 10 in slugging percentage, hits, doubles, and RBIs. In 1960 he was among the top 10 in triples and sacrifice hits. During the 1961 World Series, López replaced Mantle (who only had six Series at bats) in Game 4 and recorded a 2-run single on the way to a 7–0 victory. In Game 5, which was the Series-clinching game, he homered and tripled, driving in five runs, and caught Vada Pinson's fly ball for the final out of the Series. His three for nine, 7 run batted in performance continues to be remembered by New Yorkers as a highlight of the series.

Career statistics
In 1,450 games over 12 seasons, López posted a .269 batting average (1,251-for-4,644) with 623 runs, 193 doubles, 37 triples, 136 home runs, 591 RBIs, 418 bases on balls, .330 on-base percentage, and .415 slugging percentage. He finished his career with a collective .954 fielding percentage playing primarily at left and right field and second and third base. In 15 World Series games, he hit .286 (8-for-28) with four runs scored, two doubles, one triple, one home run, seven RBIs, and two walks.

Managing career
In 1967, López played for the Washington Senators' Triple-A Pacific Coast League affiliate Hawaii Islanders. The following season when the Buffalo Bisons of the International League became Washington's Triple-A affiliate, López joined the Bisons as a player. He then became their manager in 1969. This made him the first black manager at the Triple-A level. This was six years before Frank Robinson became the first black manager in the major leagues. López was one of three black men (along with Sam Bankhead and Gene Baker) to manage in the minor leagues in the twenty-five years after Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in 1947. In 1990, he coached the baseball team for Malverne High School in Malverne, New York, in Nassau County on Long Island in addition to working in the parks department in the Town of Hempstead. López also managed in Venezuela and been a player-manager in Panama.

In 1994 and 1995, López managed the Gulf Coast League Yankees, the rookie-league team. López managed the Panama national baseball team in the 2009 World Baseball Classic.

Personal life
After his retirement, López participated in Yankees Old Timers Day for around 50 years. López and his wife, Claudette Joyce (née Brown), married in 1960. They had two sons. López died on September 29, 2022, in Hudson, Florida, from complications of lung cancer. He was 93.

title: Héctor López


text:
Authority (disambiguation)

Authority is the power to command.

Authority or The Authority may also refer to:

Arts, entertainment, and media

 * Authority (album), a 2014 album by British electronic music group Client
 * "Authority" (Law & Order: Special Victims Unit), a ninth-season episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
 * Authority (Southern Reach Trilogy), a 2014 book by Jeff VanderMeer, the second book in the Southern Reach trilogy
 * The Authority (comics), superhero comic book published by DC Comics, under the Wildstorm imprint, debuting in 1999
 * The Authority, His Dark Materials character who debuts in the 2000 novel The Amber Spyglass
 * "The Authority" (The Amazing World of Gumball), a second-season episode of The Amazing World of Gumball
 * The Authority, used by the autonomous council of vampire hierarchs in The Southern Vampire Mysteries novels and the TV series True Blood based on the novels

Internet

 * Authority, a grading of a blog's worthiness, used by Technorati
 * Authority, one of two scores assigned by the HITS algorithm, a scheme used for ranking web pages (also known as hubs and authorities)

Law

 * Legal authority, a right or permission to do something
 * Legal authority to arrest someone, known as the power of arrest
 * Authority, one of the sources of law in a particular legal system
 * Primary authority
 * Secondary authority
 * Authority in the law of agency, the ability of an agent to legally bind a principal
 * Apparent authority
 * Actual authority
 * Rational-legal authority, a sociological concept

Organizations

 * High Authority (disambiguation), any of several executive organizations or branches
 * Palestinian National Authority, the administrative organization established to govern the West Bank and Gaza Strip as a consequence of the 1994 Oslo Accords
 * Police authority (UK), a body charged with securing efficient and effective control of a territorial police area
 * Public authority, a government-chartered corporation such as a transit authority
 * The Authority (professional wrestling), a faction in WWE created by Triple H and Stephanie McMahon

Other uses

 * Authority (management), formal or legitimate, specified in a charter
 * Authority (sociology), the legitimate or socially approved use of power
 * Authority (textual criticism), a text's reliability as a witness to the author's intentions
 * Appeal to authority, a type of argument in logic
 * Authority control, in library and information science, standardization of the names of entities
 * Taxonomic authority, the scientist who first validly published a taxon name

title: Authority (disambiguation)


text:
Pattypan squash

Pattypan squash (or 'patty pan') is a varietal group of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo) notable for its round and shallow shape, and scalloped edges, somewhat resembling a flying saucer. The name "pattypan" derives from "a pan for baking a patty". Its French name, pâtisson, derives from a Provençal word for a cake made in a scalloped mould. The pattypan squash is also known as scallop squash, granny squash, custard squash, ciblème in Cajun French, button squash, scallopini, or simply "squash" in Australian English, or schwoughksie squash (pronounced "shwooxie squash"), especially if grown in the Poughkeepsie, New York, area.

Pattypan squash comes in white, yellow, orange, light green, dark green, and multicolored varieties. The squash is most tender when immature. In fine cuisine, its tender flesh is sometimes scooped out and mixed with flavorings, such as garlic, prior to reinsertion; the scooped-out husk of a pattypan is also sometimes used as a decorative container for other foods. Pattypan is a good source of magnesium, niacin, and vitamins A and C. One cup contains approximately 20 to 30 calories and no fat. It is often sliced, baked, or coated and fried until golden brown, or simply boiled. In Polish and Ukrainian cuisine, they are pickled in sweet vinegar.

title: Pattypan squash


text: User talk:142.58.101.46

title: User talk:142.58.101.46


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Mike Marshall (outfielder)

Michael Allen Marshall (born January 12, 1960), nicknamed "Moose", is an American former professional baseball player. He played as an outfielder in Major League Baseball from 1981 to 1991, most notably as a member of the Los Angeles Dodgers with whom he was named an All-Star player and won a world championship in. He also played for the New York Mets, Boston Red Sox and the California Angels. After his major league career, he played one season in Nippon Professional Baseball for the Nippon Ham Fighters in 1992. Marshall served as president and general manager of the Chico Outlaws of the North American League. In 2013, Marshall was the commissioner of the Pacific Association.

Playing career
Born in Libertyville, Illinois, Marshall showed considerable promise as a minor league player. He had 24 home runs and 22 steals for the Class-A level Lodi Dodgers in the California League in 1979. He won the league's Triple Crown in 1981, when he hit .373 with 34 homers, 21 stolen bases, and 137 RBIs for the Albuquerque Dukes, a Triple A club in the Pacific Coast League.

He is one of only two LA Dodger minor leaguers to have two 20/20 minor league seasons. (Joc Pederson did it in 2013 and 2014.)

He was elected to the National League All-Star team in 1984. He had perhaps his best season in 1985, when he hit .293 and set career highs with 28 home runs, 95 runs batted in, 72 runs scored, and 267 total bases.

Marshall has two World Series rings from the Dodgers' 1981 and 1988 World Series wins in which he hit a homer in Game 2.

International & Independent
In 1992, Marshall played with the Nippon Ham Fighters of the Nippon Professional Baseball. In 67 appearances, Marshall batted .246 with nine home runs and 15 doubles. In 1999, Marshall signed with the Schaumburg Flyers of the Northern League. Over 33 games, Marshall held a .307 average with 11 extra base hits and 21 RBIs.

Career statistics
In the postseason, in 26 games, he batted .212 (18-for-85) with 7 runs, 3 home runs and 13 RBI.

Managerial and front office career
Marshall began his coaching career as the hitting coach for Glendale CC from (1993–1994) and Texas State (1995–1997). Marshall's first managerial experience came with the Albany-Colonie Diamond Dogs of the Northern League from (2000–2002). Marshall then managed the El Paso Diablos from (2005–2006) while also being the hitting coach at El Paso CC. He was the field manager, team president, and general manager of the Yuma Scorpions, of the Golden Baseball League from (2007–2008). After working as manager and team president of the Chico Outlaws during the 2010 and 2011 seasons, Marshall was named as field manager and vice president of baseball operations for the San Rafael Pacifics club for the 2012 campaign. Marshall won the North Division championship, defeating Maui Na Koa Ikaika in the championship series. In January of 2013, Marshall was named Commissioner of the newly formed Pacific Association. In 2014, Marshall was named manager of the Fort Worth Cats of the United Baseball League. In middle of July, Marshall resigned. On December 3, 2014, Marshall was announced as the Associate Head Coach at New Mexico Highlands.

Personal life
Marshall attended Buffalo Grove High School.

Marshall briefly dated Belinda Carlisle of the pop band the Go-Go's.

Marshall and his wife, Mary, and have two children, Michael Allen Marshall Jr. and Marcheta Kay (Marshall) Schroeder; both graduated from Stanford University.

title: Mike Marshall (outfielder)


text:
Ninnis Glacier

Ninnis Glacier (-68.36667°N, 147°W) is a large, heavily hummocked and crevassed glacier descending steeply from the high interior to the sea in a broad valley, on George V Coast in Antarctica. It was discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) under Douglas Mawson, who named it for Lieutenant B. E. S. Ninnis, who lost his life on the far east sledge journey of the expedition on 14 December 1912 through falling into the Black Crevasse in the glacier.

The seawards extension of the glacier is the broad Ninnis Glacier Tongue (-68.08333°N, 147.75°W). It was recorded (1962) as projecting seaward about 30 miles (50 km).

title: Ninnis Glacier


text: User talk:82.35.255.67

title: User talk:82.35.255.67


text:
Paul J. Griffiths

Paul J. Griffiths (born 1955) is an English-born American theologian. He was the Warren Professor of Catholic Thought at Duke Divinity School.

Life and career
Griffiths was born in London, England, on 12 November 1955. Griffiths has held appointments at the University of Notre Dame, University of Illinois at Chicago, and the University of Chicago. A scholar of Augustine of Hippo, Griffiths' main interests and pursuits are philosophical theology and the philosophy of religion – particularly Christianity and Buddhism. He received a doctorate in Buddhist studies in 1983 from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and his early works established him as one of the most incisive interpreters of Yogācāra Buddhist philosophy. His works on Buddhism include On Being Mindless (Lasalle, IL: Open Court, 1991) and On Being Buddha (Albany: SUNY Press, 1994). After converting from Anglicanism to Roman Catholicism and accepting the Schmitt Chair of Catholic Studies at UIC, he has largely given up his work in Buddhist studies. His recent books include: Problems of Religious Diversity (Oxford: Blackwell, 2001); Philosophy of Religion: A Reader (co-edited with Charles Taliaferro) (Oxford: Blackwell, 2003); and, Lying: An Augustinian Theology of Duplicity (Grand Rapids: Brazos Press, 2004). His latest book deals with curiositas and the nature of intellectual appetite; its title is: Intellectual Appetite: A Theological Grammar (Catholic University of America Press). According to the faculty pages at Duke Divinity School, Griffiths has published ten books as sole author and seven more as co-author or editor.

Duke controversy
Griffiths resigned from Duke Divinity School in May 2017 after being reprimanded by Duke Divinity School administration. The reprimand stemmed from his response to a faculty-wide mass-email urging members to participate in voluntary Racial Equity training. Griffiths had replied with his own mass-email that called such training "anti-intellectual", that it had "illiberal roots and totalitarian tendencies", and that such "(Re)trainings of intellectuals by bureaucrats and apparatchiks have a long and ignoble history." When disciplinary proceedings began over the professionalism of his conduct, Griffiths sent out another email saying that the proceedings were an effort "not to engage and rebut the views I hold and have expressed about the matters mentioned, but rather to discipline me for having expressed them. …In doing so they act illiberally and anti-intellectually; their action shows totalitarian affinities in its preferred method, which is the veiled use of institutional power." He lambasted those behind the proceedings saying "The convictions that some of my colleagues hold about justice for racial, ethnic, and gender minorities have led them to attempt occupation of a place of unassailably luminous moral probity. That’s a utopia, and those who seek it place themselves outside the space of reason. Once you’ve made that move, those who disagree with you inevitably seem corrupt and dangerous, better removed than argued with, while you seem to yourself beyond criticism. What you do then is discipline your opponents." He called on them to "reconsider, repent, make public apology to me and our colleagues for the damage done, and re-dedicate themselves to the life of the mind."

In an essay about his resignation Griffiths stated that his words and behavior were "in critique of university diversity policies and practices, in support of particular freedoms of expression and thought, and against legal and disciplinary constraints of those freedoms. My university superiors, the dean and the provost, have been at best lukewarm in their support of these freedoms, preferring to them conciliation and accommodation of their opponents." He held that élite universities no longer have "tolerance for argument."

Buddhist hybrid English
Griffiths coined the term Buddhist hybrid English as an analogy to Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit to designate the often incomprehensible result of attempts to faithfully translate Buddhist texts into English. This effort often involves the creation of entirely new English phrases for Sanskrit, Pali, Tibetan, Chinese, or Japanese phrases, the use of English words in uncharacteristic ways, and heavy reliance on calques.

An example Buddhist Hybrid English phrase is "own-being" to translate Sanskrit svabhāva in contexts where it is used as a technical philosophical term, equivalent to English essence.

Books

 * On Being Mindless (Lasalle, IL: Open Court, 1991)
 * On Being Buddha (Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1994)
 * Problems of Religious Diversity (Oxford: Blackwell, 2001)
 * Philosophy of Religion: A Reader (co-edited with Charles Taliaferro) (Oxford: Blackwell, 2003)
 * Lying: An Augustinian Theology of Duplicity (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2004)
 * Intellectual Appetite: A Theological Grammar (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2009)
 * Song of Songs (Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible) (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Publishing Group, 2011).
 * The Practice of Catholic Theology: A Modest Proposal (Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2016).
 * Christian Flesh (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2018)
 * Regret: A Theology (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2021)
 * Why Read Pascal? (Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2021)
 * Israel: A Christian Grammar (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2023)

Articles

 * Griffiths, Paul J. (1981). "Buddhist Hybrid English: Some Notes on Philology and Hermeneutics for Buddhologists" The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 4(2): 17-32

Book reviews
———————
 * Notes

title: Paul J. Griffiths


text:
Bob McClure

Robert Craig McClure (born April 29, 1952) is an American former professional baseball player and coach. He played in Major League Baseball as a left-handed pitcher from 1975 to 1993, most notably as a member of the Milwaukee Brewers with whom he won the 1982 American League pennant. Following his playing career, he has served as a coach for several MLB teams.

Kansas City Royals
McClure was born in Oakland, California, and attended Terra Nova High School in Pacifica, California, and College of San Mateo in San Mateo, California. He was drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the third round of the January phase of the 1973 Major League Baseball draft, however chose not to sign. Instead, he signed with the Kansas City Royals, who selected him in the secondary phase of the draft that June, also in the third round.

The Royals used McClure as a starting pitcher his first professional season in the Pioneer League in 1973. He went 10–2 with a 2.11 earned run average for the Billings Mustangs. He started in 1974 as well, and was converted to a relief pitcher in 1975. He made his major league debut with the Royals on August 13, 1975 against the Baltimore Orioles, pitching one inning, striking out one and walking one. On September 23, he entered a ballgame at Kauffman Stadium against the Texas Rangers with one out and one on in the second inning. He pitched six scoreless innings to earn his first major league win. McClure spent most of 1976 with the triple A Omaha Royals, appearing in only eight games and pitching only four innings with the big league club.

Milwaukee Brewers
On December 6, 1976, the Milwaukee Brewers sent catcher Darrell Porter and pitcher Jim Colborn to the Kansas City Royals for Jamie Quirk, Jim Wohlford and a player to be named later. On March 15, 1977, McClure was sent to the Brewers to complete the deal.

With the Brewers, McClure led his team in saves in 1978 and 1980, then spent almost all of 1981 on the disabled list with arm problems. In 1982, he was moved to the starting rotation and had a 12–7 mark for the American League champion Brewers, but he returned to the bullpen after incumbent closer Rollie Fingers was unavailable for the postseason. In the 1982 World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals, McClure made five appearances, saving Games Four and Five, but he also had two losses, including a blown save in the decisive Game Seven.

McClure came back to the Brewers starting rotation in 1983 and 1984, before returning to relief duties in 1985.

Montreal Expos
Midseason 1986, he was traded to the Montreal Expos, going 2–5 with a 3.02 ERA his first season in the National League. The following season, his record improved to 6–1 out of the Montreal bullpen.

New York Mets
McClure was 1–3 with a 6.16 ERA when the Expos released him in July 1988. He signed with the New York Mets shortly afterwards, where he was reunited with his CSM teammate Keith Hernandez, with whom he also played Little League baseball when they were younger.

California Angels
After just one season with the Mets, he was released, and signed as a free agent with the California Angels for 1989. Despite going 8–1 in his first two seasons with the Angels, McClure pitched poorly in early 1991, and was released by the Angels in June.

St. Louis Cardinals
McClure signed with the St. Louis Cardinals for the remainder of the 1991 season, and remained with the Cards through 1992. He signed with the expansion Florida Marlins for their inaugural season in 1993, and retired after being released by the Marlins in May.

Colorado Rockies
Following his playing career, McClure worked as a pitching coach for the Colorado Rockies organization from 1999 through 2005, including four seasons at Triple-A Colorado Springs.

Kansas City Royals
For the 2006 season, new Royals manager Buddy Bell asked McClure to replace Guy Hansen as their new pitching coach. The Royals fired McClure from his pitching coach position following the 2011 season.

Boston Red Sox
In November 2011, the Boston Red Sox confirmed reports that they had hired McClure as a scout, roving minor league pitching instructor, and special assistant for player development. On December 21, 2011, McClure was promoted to pitching coach for Boston's major league team. He was fired from this position on August 20, 2012.

Philadelphia Phillies
On November 21, 2013, he was named to manager Ryne Sandberg's staff as the 2014 pitching coach of the Philadelphia Phillies, succeeding Rich Dubee.

Minnesota Twins
In January 2020, McClure was hired by the Twins to serve as their bullpen coach. However, it was subsequently announced that he was not cleared to join the Twins, following an evaluation of "the health histories of all staff members" during the COVID-19 pandemic.

title: Bob McClure


text:
Talk:List of locations in The Wheel of Time

Would any of you you be interested in joining in a WikiProject_WheelOfTime if such a beast were to arise? nae'blis (talk) 21:46, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * If there is no mention of MadLand where does it come from?
 * The Guide written by RJ and Teresa Patterson mentions the southern continent. It seems unlikely that it ever will be mentioned in the main series, being of no political value, and too dangerous to investigate. Setokaiba✌≝ 20:11, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Cool but if it is not mentioned in the books then it might as well mot exist where did you get the map I have only seen two an it is neither anyway the new map is better but maybe we could have all 3? Jamhaw 17:53, 1 June 2006 (UTC)jamhaw
 * Nations shouldn't we add Aridhol?
 * If I'm looking at the map correctly, isn't Amadicia landlocked? Serkul 00:03, 12 September 2006
 * Not much to say about it, but how about the old nation of Eharon (city = Londaren Cor)?
 * I just spotted the incomplete list of Places in the Age of Legends - does anyone have any information about the following AoL cities?
 * Paaran Disen
 * M'Jinn
 * Comelle
 * Mar Ruois
 * Adanza
 * Possibly V'saine - if that's a city. It was mentioned in passing as the location of the Collam Daan.
 * --Mirithing 12:14, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Where is the Forest of Shadows? I don't see it on the map.  Bryan 20:55, 21 March 2007 (UTC)
 * The Forest of Shadows is immediately south of the White River (Manetherendrelle). See map of The Two Rivers, xviii, Eye.Serkul 15:33, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

I have a map of the Westlands during the Free Years. How do I upload it on this page. I can't figure it out. Tim811 15:48, 25 July 2007 wheels of time august 24th, 2007 @ 6:30 pm.

Alphonsus (talk) 20:55, 1 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Given a league is usually accepted to be 3 miles, shouldn't the distance between Tar Valon and Tear be 1200 miles, not 1600? or is there a scale in the books I'm unaware of? And would that change the distances between other points also?

Fair use rationale for Image:Map-aftertrollocs2.jpg
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BetacommandBot 03:55, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Map-randland.jpg
The image Image:Map-randland.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

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 * Well, I added a rationale whatzit to the image-thingy. I hope that solves the problem.  I've never done it before, though, so please let me know if I screwed it up.  Nutiketaiel (talk) 13:08, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

Splitting the article
Due to the length of time that I spent editing this article today in order to tidy up the references, the version I saved was based on one prior to Jmorgawr's edits - effectively reverting them. While this was not intentional, I'm leaving the article as is for now to see if there's any consensus on the on how to split the article up. I can certainly agree with splitting off the Age of Legends section. Any other ideas? Futtock (talk) 19:33, 7 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Splitting off the Age of Legends section seems reasonable if the article must be split. I don't really see a need, though, and I am not sure that an article just on Age of Legends locations is sufficiently notable.  I think it would be better to keep them all here.Nutiketaiel (talk) 12:43, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I would like to see the article split because it is unhelpfully huge at the moment - even the table of contents is a pain by virtue of its size. But, looking at the Age of Legends stuff again, I'd agree that it is a bit thin to make its own article. A different idea that makes more sense to me now would be to have a new article for historical places and leave this one for places contemporary to the main story of the books. Futtock (talk) 14:34, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

The Ten Nations
A deletion discussion for The Ten Nations has been opened here. Thought some of you guys may want to participate. Nutiketaiel (talk) 17:26, 13 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I'm not very good at paying attention to this sort of stuff :) I've weighed in, for what it's worth ^^ Mirithing (talk) 11:37, 17 April 2009 (UTC)

Issues in relation to the Historical places article
There are a number of problems in the organization of stuff between these two artices. I take it that Historical was split off because of crowding in this article. Now, a lot of places names now under historical still redirect to this one, and many of the places in this article contain information regarding historical place (i.e. Falme contains info about Almoth, and Almoth itself redirects to Falme). So there's a lot of organization to do, in that regard. Another small thing: one article has the word "places", the other "locations". I wish that was consistent. Anyway, it seems that there are a lot of locations that it is just difficult to find the information on, currently. --Longpatrol42 (talk) 02:00, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

In-universe
Holy cow! Almost the entirety of this article is from an in-universe perspective. The first 4 or 5 paragraphs are good, but after that, it's really awful! And there is so much material that could be placed here about the real-world inspiration for each of these places. If someone could find a good secondary source... 216.80.142.142 (talk) 16:45, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

Seanchan
Hi, Í'm noticed that this page is missing a part about Seanchan, is there a reason for that? -- Sewerrat; 26 May 2011


text:
Talk:Major Wheel of Time characters

Deities
There's an entry for Dark One, but not for the Creator? Seems like They should get equal coverage, as they're equal deities...

 * Well, there's a lot more information about the DO, overall...the Creator in the series is sort of a blind watchmaker, so he doesn't get much coverage. If you would like to add a section though, please do! -- nae'blis (talk) 04:38, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Lews Therin
There should be some sort of differentiation between the old Aes Sedai and the new ones(pertaining to Lews Therin, who isn't Aes Sedai as defined in the Third Age). Avielus 16:13, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

Morgase?
I don't understand why she is considered a major character. She has had a few scenes in the later books, but her plotline is hardly major, certainly it is no more important then, say, Cadsuane's, who is listed as a minor character. I recommend demoting Morgase to the Minor character article. She simply isn't important enough yet to be here. --Pstanton (talk) 08:08, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Major Wheel of Time characters


text:
International Federation of Film Critics

The International Federation of Film Critics (FIPRESCI, short for Fédération Internationale de la Presse Cinématographique) is an association of national organizations of professional film critics and film journalists from around the world for "the promotion and development of film culture and for the safeguarding of professional interests." It was founded in June 1930 in Brussels, Belgium. It has members in more than 50 countries worldwide.

History
In reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FIPRESCI announced that it will not participate in festivals and other events organized by the Russian government and its offices, and canceled a colloquium in St. Petersburg, that was to make it familiar with new Russian films.

FIPRESCI Award
The FIPRESCI often presents awards during film festivals to recognize examples of enterprising filmmaking. Some of these festivals include: the Berlin International Film Festival, the Cannes Film Festival, Vienna International Film Festival, the Toronto International Film Festival, the Venice Film Festival, the Warsaw Film Festival, and the International Film Festival of Kerala)

Winners of the award include: • Adoor Gopalakrishnan

• Arun Karthick

• Aki Kaurismäki

• Abbas Kiarostami

• Antoni Krauze

• Aditya Kripalani

• Akira Kurosawa

• Abderrahmane Sissako

• Andrei Tarkovsky

• Andrzej Wajda

• Bahman Ghobadi

• Béla Tarr

• Bertrand Bonello

• Bruno Jori

• Cristian Mungiu

• Claire Denis

• Danis Tanović

• Djibril Diop Mambety

• Jafar Panahi

• Jean-Luc Godard

• Jonathan Glazer

• Julia Ducournau

• Kim Ki-duk

• Ken Loach

• Ingmar Bergman

• Laurent Cantet

• Lee Chang-dong

• Makbul Mubarak

• Manoel de Oliveira

• Marco Ferreri

• Michael Haneke

• Michael Moore

• Neeraj Ghaywan

• Nobuhiko Obayashi

• Nuri Bilge Ceylan

• Orson Welles

• Paul Thomas Anderson

• Pedro Almodóvar

• Prateek Vats

• Rainer Werner Fassbinder

• Robert Eggers

• Roman Polanski

• Satyajit Ray

• Shaji N Karun

• Srđan Karanović

• Terrence Malick

• Theodoros Angelopoulos

• Uisenma Borchu

• Werner Herzog

• Woody Allen

• Wong Kar-wai

• Wuershan

Robert Bresson refused this award at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival.

FIPRESCI Grand Prix
The FIPRESCI Grand Prix was created in 1999, and is presented every year at the San Sebastián Film Festival. It is the federation's most representative acknowledgement, as it is not chosen by a jury (like the international critics prize awarded to a film from a festival program), but is elected by all members, and all feature-length productions of the previous twelve months are eligible.

Winners include:
 * 1985 – Faces of Women (Visages de femmes), Desiré Ecaré
 * 1998 – The Hole, Tsai Ming-liang
 * 1999 – All About My Mother (Todo sobre mi madre), Pedro Almodóvar
 * 2000 – Magnolia, Paul Thomas Anderson
 * 2001 – The Circle, Jafar Panahi
 * 2002 – The Man Without a Past, Aki Kaurismäki
 * 2003 – Uzak, Nuri Bilge Ceylan
 * 2004 – Notre musique, Jean-Luc Godard
 * 2005 – 3-Iron, Kim Ki-duk
 * 2006 – Volver, Pedro Almodóvar
 * 2007 – 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days, Cristian Mungiu
 * 2008 – There Will Be Blood, Paul Thomas Anderson
 * 2009 – The White Ribbon, Michael Haneke
 * 2010 – The Ghost Writer, Roman Polanski
 * 2011 – The Tree of Life, Terrence Malick
 * 2012 – Amour, Michael Haneke
 * 2013 – Blue Is the Warmest Colour (La vie d'Adèle), Abdellatif Kechiche
 * 2014 – Boyhood, Richard Linklater
 * 2015 – Mad Max: Fury Road, George Miller
 * 2016 – Toni Erdmann, Maren Ade
 * 2017 – The Other Side of Hope, Aki Kaurismäki
 * 2018 – Phantom Thread, Paul Thomas Anderson
 * 2019 – Roma, Alfonso Cuarón
 * 2020 – Not awarded
 * 2021 – Nomadland, Chloé Zhao
 * 2022 – Drive My Car, Ryusuke Hamaguchi
 * 2023 – Fallen Leaves, Aki Kaurismäki

Journal
As of 2005, it also offers an online cinema journal, Undercurrents, edited by film critic Chris Fujiwara.


text:
Roger McDowell

Roger Alan McDowell (born December 21, 1960) is an American former professional baseball right-handed relief pitcher who played in Major League Baseball from 1985 to 1996. He played for the New York Mets, Philadelphia Phillies and Los Angeles Dodgers in the National League and the Texas Rangers and Baltimore Orioles of the American League. McDowell was a key component in the 1986 World Series champion New York Mets and was the winning pitcher in the deciding Game 7. His major league record of decisions was 70 wins and 70 losses. McDowell served as the Atlanta Braves pitching coach from 2006 to 2016. McDowell's family is of Scottish descent.

New York Mets (1985–89)
Roger McDowell was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, graduated from Colerain High School and was drafted by the Mets in the third round of the 1982 Major League Baseball Draft from Bowling Green State University. He spent 1982 in the A-level minor leagues and spent 1983 with the AA Jackson Mets, both as a starting pitcher. In 1984, McDowell was at Jackson when he suffered an elbow injury which limited him to only three games. As a result of the injury, he became a relief pitcher and developed a fantastic sinker ball that became the main weapon in his arsenal for his entire career.

McDowell debuted in the majors in 1985. He was impressive as both a middle relief pitcher and as a closer, splitting the duties with Jesse Orosco. Orosco was a lefty and a strikeout threat while McDowell was a righty and a groundball specialist, making them a challenging pair late in games. McDowell posted a 2.83 earned run average. The Mets continued on an upward surge that saw them barely miss their first postseason in over a decade. McDowell averaged more than two innings pitched per appearance in his rookie season and even logged the only two games started of his career. He never again averaged more than two innings per appearance and, through most of his career, averaged less than one-and-a-half inning, as became customary throughout the majors.

In 1986, McDowell was again impressive and was part of a strong core of Mets farm-hands — players that had come up through the minor leagues in the Mets' system — which, together with a few fiery veterans, helped the Mets win the 1986 World Series. McDowell was involved in many close games, posting an amazing 23 pitching decisions despite never starting a game. His 14–9 record, which included winning his first seven decisions, and 3.02 ERA resulted in five points in the voting for National League MVP. McDowell was fantastic in the 1986 National League Championship Series, allowing a single hit in seven innings pitched including five innings in the famous sixteen-inning Game 6. He was less impressive in the World Series, where he pitched in five of the seven games. Although Sid Fernandez gets much deserved recognition for holding the Boston Red Sox silent in the middle innings of Game 7, McDowell was credited with the win by pitching an important scoreless seventh inning before the Mets broke the tie in the bottom of the inning.

1987 was McDowell's first down year, with an ERA over four after missing the first six weeks of the season with a hernia. He did manage to post a career-high 25 saves but his most infamous game occurred on September 11, 1987 when he gave up a game-tying 9th inning two-run home run to the St. Louis Cardinals' Terry Pendleton. The Cardinals won the game the following inning. With the Cardinals and Mets in the midst of a close division race, many credited the home run with ending the Mets' chances for a repeat championship.

After the season, Jesse Orosco was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers and, in 1988, McDowell improved his ERA back down to 2.63 and moved into third place on the Mets' all-time save list behind Orosco and Tug McGraw. The lefty-righty closer platoon system was maintained with McDowell and Randy Myers. The Mets won 100 games and were pitted against Orosco and the Dodgers in the 1988 National League Championship Series. In Game 4, the Mets had a chance to take a commanding 3–1 series lead but Mike Scioscia tied the game with a 2-run shot off Dwight Gooden in the 9th inning. McDowell would later give up the game-winning home run to Kirk Gibson in the 12th inning. Overall, McDowell gave up a run in three of his four games. The favored Mets lost in seven games in their last postseason for over a decade. It also spelled the last postseason appearance of the 27-year-old McDowell's career.

Philadelphia Phillies (1989–91)
In 1989, McDowell pitched about average for the Mets before the Mets blundered in mid-June by trading him and Lenny Dykstra to the Phillies for potential superstar Juan Samuel. Samuel proved to be a huge disappointment for the Mets, batting .228 before the Mets re-traded him after the season, and he never regained the combination of speed and power he had shown in his few years with the Phillies. Dykstra, meanwhile, became a fixture for the Phillies, twice finishing in the top ten in MVP voting including a second-place finish in 1993 when he led the Phils to the 1993 World Series. McDowell was untouchable in his first partial season with Philadelphia, compiling a microscopic 1.11 ERA in 44 games for the last-place 1989 Phillies.

McDowell was rewarded with his first million-dollar contract for 1990 but was only average as the Phillies finished below .500. In 1991, McDowell improved for the Phillies but was traded at the trading deadline to the Dodgers for two minor leaguers. Neither minor leaguer accomplished much in Philadelphia but the Phillies shocked the National League by winning the pennant two years later.

Los Angeles Dodgers (1991–94)
McDowell was again impressive after a mid-season trade with a 2.55 ERA. Similar to 1990, however, he was less impressive in the first full season after a trade and his ERA ballooned to over four in 1992, leading the league in relief losses and lowest save percentage. The Dodgers finished with their worst winning percentage in eighty years and their only last-place finish of the 20th century.

After his poor 1992, McDowell re-signed with the Dodgers for 1993, but for only $1.35 million as opposed to the $2.2 million he was paid for 1992. He responded with a 2.25 ERA which was the last time his season ERA was below 4.00. The Dodgers defense was a factor for McDowell as nearly half of the runs he allowed were unearned in 1993. The Dodgers rose from last in 1992 to .500 in 1993 to first place in 1994 when the 1994 Major League Baseball strike prematurely ended the season. The unearned runs of 1993 were replaced by earned runs in 1994 and McDowell's ERA skyrocketed to a career-worst 5.23. He was granted free agency after the season and was signed by the Texas Rangers shortly before the strike ended in April 1995.

American League (1995–96)
In his first year in the American League, the 34-year-old McDowell fit in well and was given the most innings he'd pitched since 1991. He also pitched in the second-highest number of games in the American League. While his 4.02 ERA was poor compared to his career average, it was far better than the 4.67 A.L. average for 1995. Nearing his 35th birthday, the Rangers granted him free agency and he signed on with the Orioles for 1996. His ERA was again high but better than the league average in 1996 but shoulder surgery ended his season in mid-August. After the season, he was again a free agent before the Chicago White Sox signed him for the 1997 season. Unfortunately for McDowell, he had two more shoulder surgeries wiping out the whole season. In 1998, he attended spring training with Chicago but retired before the season began at age 37.

Prankster reputation
While McDowell was a stable major league-level pitcher, he was also notorious in the league and among fans as a prankster who would light firecrackers in the dugout. He also could skillfully wrap a wad of chewing gum around a cigarette, then secretly place the contraption on the heels of unsuspecting teammates' cleats. This is known as the hot foot.

In 1992, McDowell made a cameo appearance in a two-part episode of Seinfeld called "The Boyfriend". The episode starred McDowell's ex-teammate, Keith Hernandez, and featured McDowell as a grassy knoll-type figure spitting on Cosmo Kramer and Newman during a Zapruder film parody after Kramer and Newman insulted Hernandez.

McDowell made several appearances on the softball edition of the MTV series MTV Rock N' Jock, often donning humorous costumes such as kilts and wigs.

Post-retirement and coaching
McDowell was hired as the pitching coach of the Dodgers' single-A minor league South Georgia Waves for 2002 and 2003. He was promoted to the AAA Las Vegas 51s for 2004 and 2005.

On October 29, 2005, McDowell was hired to replace Leo Mazzone as the pitching coach of the Atlanta Braves after Mazzone became the coach for the Baltimore Orioles.

Fredi Gonzalez was named Braves manager for the 2011 season after Bobby Cox's retirement. McDowell was kept on as the pitching coach. His contract was not renewed following the end of the 2016 season.

The Baltimore Orioles named McDowell their major league pitching coach on November 22, 2016.

McDowell and his wife, Gloria, have two daughters. His eldest, Amanda, attended New York University. His youngest daughter, Rachel, attended Auburn University.

title: Roger McDowell


text: User talk:83.109.64.123

title: User talk:83.109.64.123