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User:Private Butcher/Pre-Userpage Redesign

Please click here to leave me a new message. '''I BROKE 1600 EDITS! BOW BEFORE MY EXTREME "MAN-NESS"! '''

Userpage Pre-Wikibreak

Some Stuff About Me
Biography
 * My name is Quentin Pierce
 * I was a Political Science major at University of St. Thomas, in Texas.
 * I used to just sit at a desk all day in Virginia, at some company (I was a software engineer), then go home to Washington D.C., but I quit.
 * I still have no job, and I live in Edgewater, Maryland.
 * I am a straight, single, and white male.
 * I am 25. Born September 10, 1980
 * I joined Wikipedia on July 21, 2005.
 * My Wikipediholic score is 212.
 * I am a Christian
 * Political Affiliation: No Party
 * I am a member of The Wikipedia Welcoming Committee as of September 8, 2005.
 * I am a member of Esperanza as of September 30, 2005.
 * 400th article edit, attempted to delete a page known as IGOS or Indonesia goes open source, because it was lacking in information so I believed it was fake.

Things

 * Stuff to Remember
 * Bands
 * [] The Counter
 * Sandbox Here it is a sandbox for anyone who likes to vandalise, just come in here and do whatever instead of doing it on actual wikipedia pages.
 * Politics
 * Voting

News

 * No one needs to know about my life.

Working On

 * Random Article Tweaking
 * RC Patrol
 * Being a good editor
 * Finding a job
 * Moving

Pages I've Created (I've begun to count as of October 1st)

 * Bobby Whitlock
 * Carl Radle
 * Raw Velvet
 * Dobie Gray-stub
 * Delaney, Bonnie & Friends-stub
 * Skip & Flip-stub
 * Criteria Studios-stub


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Lake Martignano

Lake Martignano (Italian: Lago di Martignano) is a small lake in Lazio, Italy 15 mi north-north-west of Rome, in an extinct crater or maar. Administratively its coast is divided amongst the municipalities of Rome, Anguillara Sabazia and Campagnano di Roma.

Overview
In ancient times Lake Martignano was part of southern Etruria and called Alsietinus Lacus. Augustus drew from it the Aqua Alsietina; the water was hardly fit to drink, and was mainly intended to supply his naumachia (lake made for a sham naval battle) at Rome, near San Francesco a Ripa, on the right bank of the Tiber, where some traces of the aqueduct were perhaps found in 1720. The course of the aqueduct, which was mainly subterranean, is practically unknown: Frontinus tells us that it received a branch from Lake Bracciano near Careiae (Galera): and an inscription relating to it was found in this district in 1887.

There is a lawn beach, lake-side cafes and restaurants, and walking tracks.

Nearby towns

 * Campagnano di Roma
 * Bracciano
 * Anguillara Sabazia
 * Trevignano Romano
 * Oriolo Romano
 * Sutri
 * Capranica
 * Cesano

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lake Martignano


text: User talk:64.136.131.36

title: User talk:64.136.131.36


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Art Lande

Art Lande is an American musician who was born in New York City, United States, on 5 February 1947.

Born in New York, Lande began piano at age 4. He attended Williams College and moved to San Francisco in 1969. In 1973 he recorded Red Lanta, an album of duets with Norwegian musician Jan Garbarek. With Mark Isham on trumpet, he started the Rubisa Patrol group in 1976. They performed in the Bay Area and toured extensively in Europe by van. This group made two records for ECM: Rubisa Patrol (1976), Desert Marauders (1977), and one for 1750 Arch Records, The Story of Ba-Ku (1978).

In the early 1980s Lande taught at the Cornish College of the Arts in Seattle. He moved to Switzerland, where he taught at a jazz school in St. Gallen. In 1987 he moved to Boulder, Colorado to teach at Naropa University.

Lande has written many compositions, but is also known for his unusual and distinctive interpretations of popular and jazz standards. He has made several solo piano recordings devoted to such material, including The Eccentricities of Earl Dant in 1977, Hardball! (1987), Melissa Spins Away (1987), Friday the Thirteenth (1996, featuring thirteen Thelonious Monk compositions) and While She Sleeps (2005).

Although he is known as a pianist, Lande has performed and recorded on drums. He appeared in the 2021 film JazzTown, directed by Ben Makinen

As leader/co-leader
Main source:

As sideman
With Gary Peacock
 * Shift in the Wind (ECM, 1980)

With Paul McCandless
 * All the Mornings Bring (Elektra/Asylum, 1979)
 * Heresay (Windham Hill, 1988)
 * The Tale of Peter Rabbit, The Tale of Mr. Jeremy Fisher, and The Tale of Two Bad Mice, with Meryl Streep, narration (Windham Hill/Rabbit Ears, 1987)

With Maurizio Giammarco
 * Love Ballads  (Red Records, 1986)

Positions

 * Private Instructor, SF & Berkeley CA (1970–1977)
 * Lone Mountain College, San Francisco (1978–1979)
 * Cornish College of the Arts, Seattle (1979–1983)
 * San Jose State College, San Jose, California (1983–1984)
 * Jazz School of Migros Klubschule, St. Gallen, Switzerland (1984–1987)
 * Jazz School Lausanne, Switzerland (1986–1987)
 * Naropa Institute, Boulder, Colorado (1987–1999)
 * University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado (2006–Present)

title: Art Lande


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Prize Playing

A Prize Playing was a test of martial skill popular in Renaissance England with the London-based Corporation of Masters of the Noble Science of Defence. It involved several dozen bouts against continually refreshing opponents, with little or no rest in between.

This practice was revived after a fashion in the late 17th century in the form of "Prize Fights", whence the term prizefighting for modern professional boxing.

Renaissance Prize Playings
The time and place for a Prize Playing was determined by the four Ancient Masters of the school. Notices called Bills of Challenge were posted of the event and a wooden scaffolding was erected in a public square. A good number of formalities were observed and at one time rules were endorsed by the Crown. On the appointed day and time, following a procession of drums and flags the Player was paraded to the raised scaffold with much fanfare. The public gathered close to watch, cheer, and throw coins onto the platform; the student would end up making a profit at the end of the day from this. Prize events also attracted new students—from which the Company earned the major part of its income.

At the start, a senior Master would declare the name of the Player, the rank being sought, and then announce “The first bout to be at [whichever weapon]”. Bouts were fought using 'blunts' (dulled and rounded weapons) and played to a number of 'hits' rather than to a 'victory'. The term “play” at the time referred to competing or practice sparring, as opposed to a life and death fight. Although not real, the fights were not displays or exhibitions. They were free-sparring practices just earnest enough to properly evaluate the Player and not arranged as public spectacle. The contact was limited, but it was at full speed. The bouts could sometimes be bloody, but never lethal. No armor was used and blows were limited to above the waist, but even the bare head and hands were targets. Only a few instances are recorded of students failing their Prize, with none ever being killed. The student had to pay for the travel expenses of 'answerers' (opponents) coming from outside London (all Masters within 36 miles were required to attend).

Two bouts had to be played with a number of different weapons against as few as four and as many as ten opponents each. To Play their Prize, a student might face in a single afternoon an average total of sixty bouts or more. These were all against more senior opponents, with little rest in between. The job of the answerers was not to break or beat the Player but to seriously test them. The 'Prize' meant promotion and the respect and acceptance of one's peers.

The fight itself consisted of those traditional English weapons as taught in the “Schole” and dating back to the early Middle Ages. For the challenged Scholar, the weapons to be judged on were fixed at Longsword and Backsword. For the Free Scholar, there was a choice of any three weapons (usually longsword, backsword, and sword & buckler). For the Provost, there was a choice of any four weapons (usually the same as the Free Scholar but also including at least one polearm). Provosts playing for their “Master's Prize” would face an agonizing ten bouts with eight weapons each, including single dagger, quarterstaff, and two-handed sword. Among the other weapons sometimes played were Morris-pike, flail, sword & dagger, and sword & gauntlet. Starting around 1580, the rapier and rapier & dagger were included.

Once all the bouts were over, judgment of passage was made by the four senior Masters. A victorious prizer might be declared “a well-tryd and sufficient man with divers weapons”. After collecting thrown change, the Player was escorted back to the school, again with great fanfare, took his oath, paid his fees, and did much drinking (which he was also expected to pay for). The whole event might even last two days.

Prize Fights
During the late 17th to mid 18th centuries in England, long after the London schools and true Masters had faded, a revival of Prizing took place. But in these bouts mostly common, unskilled brawlers and street ruffians would fight for money against all challengers. They were also called “prizefighters” in reference to earlier days. Though also using blunted weapons, most of these fights were quite bloody affairs with some ending in deaths. Today, they are often confused with the old Masters and their students Playing the Prize. Eventually, pugilism was added to the shows and it became so popular that weapons were finally dropped from the contests altogether. This is the origin of today's modern boxing “prizefights”.

title: Prize Playing


text:
User:Jengod/Sandbox

! # !! Flag !! Stars !! Dates in use !! States represented !! Notes

title: User:Jengod/Sandbox


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Buzz (mascot)

Buzz is the current official mascot of the Georgia Institute of Technology. Buzz is usually represented as a stylized yellowjacket with yellow-and-black fur, white wings, a yellow head, and antennae. Buzz is almost never drawn with six legs, but rather with arms, legs, hands (in white gloves) and feet (in black Converse high tops), like a human. Invented in 1972 and restyled in 1979, Buzz reflects the tradition of referring to Georgia Tech students as "Yellow Jackets." Buzz is also one of Georgia Tech's emblems and trademarks, one that they defended in a 1998 legal conflict with the Salt Lake Buzz.

Tradition
Like many mascots, Buzz communicates via hand gestures and sign language, rather than speech. At some school events, there are a few people who dress up as Buzz. The identities of these individuals must be kept secret until their graduation. They must be in excellent physical condition, about 5 ft, and must be able to do a front "suicide" flip called a Buzz Flip, Buzz's trademark move. Those interested in donning the Buzz suit must take part in a two-day tryout, judged by the former Buzz. Buzz is officially part of Georgia Tech's cheerleading team, so the Buzz tryout happens at the same time as the other cheerleading tryouts.

Buzz is beloved by Georgia Tech students and fans for his spirit and antics. He is a prankster and likes to crowd-surf. Buzz is seen at football games, basketball games, Georgia Tech Six Flags Night, and other events. Buzz has parachuted onto the field for pre-game festivities, does push-ups every time Tech scores, and conducts the band for the Budweiser song, a common jingle for the beer. Buzz is involved with charity events, team photos, sports conventions, and official Georgia Tech events such as the annual President's Dinner. Buzz can also be hired for social gatherings, such as weddings and birthday parties.

History
The term Yellow Jacket or Yellowjacket has been used to refer to students and the various sports teams as early as the 1890s. Fans of Georgia Tech would often wear yellow jackets to sporting events in support of the early Georgia Tech teams. The early football teams, lacking gold fabric for jerseys, wore yellow jerseys. John Heisman told the Atlanta Constitution that he wanted his teams to be referred to as the Yellow Jackets in October 1905. In November 1906, the Atlanta Journal portrayed a University of Georgia football player being attacked by a yellowjacket with the words "Somebody's about to get stung" as the caption. This was the first time that the Georgia Tech sports teams were referred to as the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets in print.

Invention and reinvention
The original Georgia Tech Yellow Jacket mascot was Judi McNair who, according to the Winter 2004 edition of the Georgia Tech Alumni Association Tech Topics magazine, donned a homemade yellowjacket costume in 1972 and performed at home football games. She rode on the Ramblin' Wreck and appears in the 1972 Georgia Tech Blueprint yearbook. McNair's mascot was considered a great idea, as it was a big hit with the fans.

In 1979, McNair's idea for a Yellow Jacket was reintroduced by another Georgia Tech student, Richie Bland. Bland, who was apparently unaware of McNair's prior initiative, paid $1,400 to have a local theme park costume designer make a yellow jacket costume that he first wore at a pep rally prior to the Tennessee football game. Rather than obtain permission from Georgia Tech as Judi had done in 1972, this student, a few weeks later simply sneaked onto the field in costume during a football game and ran across the field. The fans naturally believed that this costumed character was acting as an official member of the cheerleading squad and responded accordingly. By 1980 this new incarnation of the yellow jacket mascot was given the name Buzz Bee and was adopted as an official mascot by Georgia Tech. This new Buzz character would be the model for a new Georgia Tech emblem, designed in 1985 by Mike Lester.

Salt Lake Buzz lawsuit
In 1998, Georgia Tech filed a trademark infringement lawsuit against the Salt Lake Buzz, a Pacific Coast League minor league baseball team. The Institute had negotiated a deal with the team, but the team backed out of the agreement before it was finalized and filed suit in Utah for the right to use the mark. Tech filed a countersuit and won in 2001. As a result, the team was forced to change its name (to the "Salt Lake Stingers"; several years later, it would adopt its current name of the "Salt Lake Bees") and pay Georgia Tech $600,000, although Georgia Tech spent $700,000 to $800,000 during the dispute.

Contests and stunts
Buzz participates in several mascot contests. In 1997, Buzz won an Access Atlanta poll due to creative ballot stuffing by Tech students. In 2005 and 2006, Buzz was named to the Capital One All-American Mascot Teams and participated in the Capital One Mascot Challenge. In 2000 and 2001, Buzz won the NCA (National Cheerleaders Assoc.) mascot of the year and in 2004 and 2006, Buzz received second place in the NCA Mascot Competition in Daytona, Florida. On June 14, 2008, Buzz rappelled down the 40 story Viewpoint lofts building in Midtown, Atlanta as part of a university fundraiser.

title: Buzz (mascot)


text: Template:Rogers Communications

title: Template:Rogers Communications


text:
Talk:Bespoke tailoring

[untitled section]
Added interior design elements as a reference, in keeping with the use of the term in the Fall 2005 NY Times Design magazine article Not In My Backyard by Tyler Brûlé. Jimdoria 20:53, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I question whether it is appropriate for this entry to contain what appears to be essentially an advertisement for a specific bespoke tailor (Comelie London). It certainly feels out of place.  It appears that the edits were made by 172.142.61.210.

--Toby Ovod-Everett 192.128.134.68 19:25, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

ASA
"Recently in Britain, a ruling by the Advertising Standards Authority means that it no longer applies to only handmade garments."

This is not entirely correct. The ASA ruled that the term 'bespoke' is no different from the term 'made-to-measure' when it comes to clothing. --Charlie Huang 【遯卋山人】 14:54, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

Discussion of the ruling
I think this discussion helps clarify some interesting issues, such as: etymology is not always the best criterion: the actual usage of the language is more important; a ruling which establishes that a confusion is taken advantage of, at the expenses of the customers, but ultimately concludes such confusion is not important because it is madse by a majority of people is at least strange and certainly not an example for a project as Wikipedia; Michael Quinnion is an etymologyst and maybe not as his best when he sees measurements as a touchstone. In these respects, though Kan8eDie's edits were generally fine, I think they needed to be somehow modified. Racconish (talk) 06:48, 10 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Thank you for adding the ASA stuff. Most of my edits are on articles about the clothes themselves, so I have not done much to the article. I think the last little reorganisation is a bit more neutral.  The lead is stylistically better now, so I think if there is any remaining bias, it is in the ASA section.—Kan8eDie (talk) 16:17, 10 October 2008 (UTC)
 * The extra detail on the ASA is great, but this is too long a section really. I have not deleted it, but moved it to the ASA article, where it makes more sense to put it.  Most readers interested in 'bespoke' will not need to know any more than that the ASA regulates advertising.  Thanks for the good contribution.—Kan8eDie (talk) 21:13, 10 October 2008 (UTC)
 * A couple of comments: firstly, the thing is not called 'SavileRowBespoke', which is just the silly graphic on their site; they are the Savile Row Bespoke Association. Secondly, they aim to "protect the mysterious art of bespoke tailoring and ensure that the well-dressed man will always consider Savile Row his spiritual home".   Where the site places "Savile Row Bespoke firms should:" above the lists, you put "According to these standards[5], a bespoke tailor should:", which is a heavy misrepresentation.  They are not trying to dictate some general meaning of the term 'bespoke'; it is the name Savile Row Bespoke they are trying to protect, and that is what these lists describe. Thirdly, regarding the long ASA paragraph, your content is still there on the relevant article page.  I am not convinced it is relevant here, but I will leave it there for the moment.—Kan8eDie (talk) 21:32, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

In fact, the material added cannot be copied across like that anyway. Your work on this article has been great, but it is worth taking the time to get spelling right before rushing to post an update, and pasting material over from other websites is not allowed. If you want to put the section back, please discuss it here first.—Kan8eDie (talk) 21:53, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

My apologies: I saw your comments here only after making corrections. In any case, I took your point and summarized what I considered most interesting and relevant in their definition. I do not agree with you concerning the pertinence to the subject: Yes, the association defends its tradename, but still, their points are, in my opinion, a very valid way of trying to define the concept, not less appropriate than, say, the definition of the Haute Couture by the Chambre Syndicale. In that respect, I disagree with you. At least for the part I quoted, I think they are really tryinf to give a technical definition of bespoke. I insisted to clarify the angle of the ASA ruling because it is very limited. I think you need to understand exactly what was at that stake in this ruling. Another ruling could apply to other principles of their code. In any case, I confess I find the ruling akward, but more neutral -as you pointed - to clarify its angle. Thanks in any case.Racconish (talk) 22:32, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Sorry for interfering, but I am trying to neutral. I do understand the implications; I posted on it at the London Lounge when it first came up.  This article did seem to come down heavily against Sartoriani though, but I think it is a bit better, and with more precise references, now.  As far as I can tell, we should both be happy now.—Kan8eDie (talk) 00:51, 11 October 2008 (UTC)

Agreed. Thanks Racconish (talk) 08:01, 11 October 2008 (UTC)

Semantic field
The sentence you erased, Kan8eDie, was not referring to made-to-measure but to ready-to-wear. You refer to ASA ruling, but the ASA ruling is irrelevant here. The point is historic and economic, not subjective: 100 years ago, some cheap bespoke was comparable in price and quality to ready-to-wear. Nowadays, the 'average bespoke tailor' has disappeared and the bespoke raison d'être is to be better and more expensive than ready-to-wear. In that respect, made-to-measure is the same, better and more expensive than ready-to-wear. I guess you misunderstood the sentence and shall undo your edit. Should you still disagree, kindly let me know here the reason why. Thank you. Racconish (talk) 14:26, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, the ASA ruling is on MTM, but I meant that it is also an indicator that the term bespoke is going down. Arguably, the quality of construction of the lower end (sub £500) of the "bespoke" market is not as good as some of (mostly handmade) £800+ RTW stuff (from big fashion houses; you pay for the brand and it looks horribly modern, but they are properly canvassed, nicely basted lapels, hand-sewn collar/buttonholes etc).—Kan8eDie (talk) 15:08, 13 October 2008 (UTC)

I understand your point of view, but the discussion here is not on the comparaison of the premium for bespoke vs the premium for designer name. In general - and neutral ;-) - terms, the statement that a bespoke garment is expected to be better and more expensive than a rtw one remains valid. I will try to clarify my statement. Thanks  Racconish (talk) 15:31, 13 October 2008 (UTC))

 * I think we largely agree: I take a very traditional view on clothing myself, but I am trying to edit in view of the huge body of misuse out there. We would all love to be able to edit WP to say 'It's wrong', but this is unfortunately not encyclopaedic. I generally like your changes (though I have shifted it back to the lead, which was rather too short).—Kan8eDie (talk) 00:32, 14 October 2008 (UTC)
 * PS. Try to follow Footnotes, as all the floating punctuation does otherwise look a little silly.

Recent IP 'cleanup'
After a bit of ruminating, I am afraid that I decided to revert the recent edits by an IP. They seemed to represent a lot of time and effort spent on the article, but with the best will in the world, they didn't quite chime with me. A few things sping out: firstly, no facts seemed to be added to the article, while its length increased dramatically. Many rather obscure words and phrasings were added, which seemed to obscure the text and certainly make it much less snappy. Secondly, while I would not revert a contentful edit on the basis of formatting alone, a rather liberal and unhelful use of italics and emboldening (in contravention of the manual of style) further hindered the meaning. Thirdly, many small inaccuracies, particularly through infelicitous use of old words, actually introduced some slight errors. Therefore, I have decided to put the article back to how it was, in the hope that if a cleanup is needed, we can work on it a bit more gradually and make sure we maintain readability and accuracy as we do it.— Kan8eDie (talk) 22:04, 25 January 2009 (UTC)

(after revert)

Sorry, but I have to say that these edits still do not make a positive change to the article. The excessive use of stilted phrasing ('wherein', 'denotation', &c.) and the confusing suppression of conjuctions to favour bizarre formatting make the new text less than clear. Please discuss these changes and explain why you think they help before restoring them a second time.— Kan8eDie (talk) 12:36, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

(new IP)

The same edits were made by a new IP, and reverted by UntilItSleeps, who subsequently undid the revert (why?). 68.164.228.8 and 64.105.84.232 are clearly the same user (identical edits).— Kan8eDie (talk) 20:38, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

editprotected Please revert the page back to oldid 264944366. Three registered users have been putting the page back to this version, versus one unregistered (using two IPs) pushing the current one. This version (linked) is the consensus version. All problems in this case are from an IP user, so a semi-protect would alternatively clear the problem up.— Kan8eDie (talk) 15:17, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done And I have reduced the protection level to allow registered users to edit. It will revert to unprotected status in 2 weeks.  Should the IP editors prove willing to engage in dialogue and come to a consensus, I will consider removing the protection sooner.  If non-consensual IP editing becomes a problem after that, feel free to re-request protection.--Aervanath (talk) 13:15, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

English Term
This seems to be an exclusively English term. Generally in the States, items are said to be "hand tailored" or, more frequently, "custom tailored" to denote this. 24.24.244.132 (talk) 17:07, 19 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Worse than that, I've now seen this term employed in a Wiki military history technical page with a link to "bespoke." I'm pretty well read, yet had never heard the term before so I had to make a guess as to what was being said when removing it.  As best I can tell the intended meaning was "custom made."  I have no problem with the geographic preference, particularly when used in context with clothing, but out of context it is perplexing at best.  I suspect our UK brethren are frequently puzzled by equivalent US slang migrating to unusual settings. Red Harvest (talk) 08:39, 31 January 2014 (UTC)

Bespoke Timepieces
The Bespoke Timepieces section stands out as an advertisement for the industry, especially Scalfaro International. There's self-flattering language, and the prominence of the section seems disproportionate to the significance of timepieces to the concept of bespoke work. I'm not a wiki expert. Does anyone with a particular interest in this entry agree and wish to consider cleaning this up? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.62.40.151 (talk) 04:40, 23 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I removed the section on timepieces and just put a mention in the "Other uses" section.--Commander Keane (talk) 11:28, 23 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I agree that is best.— Kan8eDie (talk) 13:01, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

Pronunciation
I would be curious to see a pronunciation guide. Is it BEE-spoke? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.81.17.106 (talk) 02:43, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I have added a hidden category that requests an audio pronunciation file. If you can read IPA, wiktionary has a version for British and American English.--Commander Keane (talk) 06:24, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I find it pronounced beh-spoke LeapUK (talk) 05:35, 23 August 2017 (UTC)

perfumes
would be great to see some reference to perfumes as the term is widely used to describe made to order perfumes. 24.16.89.161 (talk) 15:03, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

Relation?
Is the term related to the Bespoke Family (Tailors)? Toronto, Ontario, Canada - Francesco Sr. Bespoke —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.66.24.6 (talk) 14:09, 21 May 2010 (UTC)

"only used in British English"
I removed this phrase from the article's intro. It's not only uncited but provably false (The New York Times used it yesterday: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/04/dining/04train.html?src=un&feedurl=http%3A%2F%2Fjson8.nytimes.com%2Fpages%2Fdining%2Findex.jsonp, and in 2005, according to Jimdoria's edit at the top of this page). I'd believe it's predominantly British, but I don't have a reference for that. AdamBradley (talk) 15:58, 4 May 2011 (UTC)

The opposite is "ready made", not "turnkey"
The opposite of the term "bespoke product" is not "turnkey product" but "ready-made". "Turnkey" means it is complete and ready to use but can be, and usually is, made to order. When a local government buys a "turnkey" school or hospital this means it contracted with a single party to deliver the complete school or hospital complete and ready to use according to specifications supplied beforehand by the government. It does not mean that it bought an existing school or hospital which were built beforehand by someone else in the hopes of later finding an interested buyer.

"Bespoke" means "made to order" and the opposite is "ready made" which means it was not made to any specific order but made in the hope of attracting a buyer after it is made. — Preceding unsigned comment added by GS3 (talk • contribs) 10:49, 28 October 2012 (UTC)

Other uses
I plan to remove the Other uses section because it is mainly unsourced original research. It would be possible to put the word "bespoke" in front of just about anything--I don't see the point of this section. Logical Cowboy (talk) 05:06, 11 January 2013 (UTC)

Other uses
I understand that 'bespoke' is now being in education - "bespoke curriculum", for instance. Any plans on adding this to the article? ees — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.66.32.109 (talk) 04:08, 11 October 2013 (UTC)

This article seems all wrong, mostly
This article's emphasis on clothing seems quite wrongheaded. The word is used in English as a general antonym to "ready-made," and hasn't applied strictly to clothing, if at all, since the OED's first attestation in 1755. In fact, that seems to be a more modern usage. Bespoke = bespoken adj. 2; spec. of goods; ordered to be made, as distinguished from ready-made adj. and n.; also said of a tradesman who makes goods to order. Also n., a bespoke article. 1755  C. Charke Narr. Life 203  At length the bespoke Play was to be enacted. 1865  G. Measom Illustr. Guide G. E. Railway 69  The Bespoke or Order Department. 1866  Chambers's Encycl. VIII. 691/1  The shoemaking trade..is divided into two departments—the bespoke and the ready-made or sale business. 1884  Birmingh. Daily Post 24 Jan. 3/3  Boot Trade.—Wanted..Saleswoman, accustomed to Bespoke Trade. 1907  W. De Morgan Alice-for-Short xlvii,   His boots may have been ‘bespokes’ for anybody, except himself. 1908  Daily Chron. 13 June 4/7  A ‘bespoke tailor’. 1928  Punch 30 May p. xv (advt.)    Lotus Bespoke Model Shoes. 1965  Punch 29 Sept. 478/1   A ‘Special Collection’ which is, in harsh reality, a collection of bargain bespokes. 1966  Economist 16 July 239/2   Although there is a lot of bespoke work in this [steel] plant, management would prefer some element of payment by results. — alf laylah wa laylah (talk) 04:50, 6 February 2014 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081021143340/http://www.mensflair.com/news/a-loss-to-sartorial-language.php to http://www.mensflair.com/news/a-loss-to-sartorial-language.php

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Removed introductory section
I removed the following text:

"The sizing guidelines are a must to be followed. The cuff of the shirt should be visible under the cuff of suit jacket at the arms. The suit length should should be just till the point where when the arms are relaxed to the sides then the suit jacket should just contact the upper thumb knuckle. The suit jacket should not be much loose and the be snug against the body but not restricting movement and making the wearer uncomfortable."

No citation was offered by User:Apsleyuk who added it at 19:08, 3 April 2018.

It seems like a very good explanation and, if properly sourced, could make a good addition to this article. I attempted to find a source and wasn't able to. Frankaustx (talk) 18:22, 15 April 2018 (UTC)

Retargeted redirects
I retargeted, and  from Bespoke to Bespoke tailoring. turned Bespoke from a DAB to an article. but the redirects were created in 2011 and 2012, when Bespoke tailoring already existed. As far as I can see, Bespoke tailoring has never been moved or turned into a redirect, so I think they were just created to the less-specific target and have quietly stayed there all this time. 178.164.139.37 (talk) 07:52, 31 December 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bespoke tailoring


text:
User:Private Butcher/User talk Archive 3

Jim Hanks
Hey, I don't think that was a speedy, as the guy has an IMDB page. Just letting you know, in case you want to dispute it if/when it goes to VfD. --Jacquelyn Marie 05:03, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Hey, that rhymed.
"I chose to oppose". Hehe. Also, why did you link to opera in your opposition? o_o

I also wanna say that I am not angry, just a pinch frustrated. However, I have since divorced myself of the Star Wars articles, as most of my temper issues have arisen from interacting with Star Wars editors. Thank you for your input, as the more objections, the more incentive I have to clean up my act. - A Link to the Past (talk) 22:47, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism
Just a note to say thanks for reverting the vandalism on my user page. Quicksandish τκ 20:43, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

speedy articles
response on my talk page :) Ryan Norton T 22:57, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

WTF?
Could somebody tell me why people hate me so much? I don't understand it at all, I didn't think I've done anything, much less something that might offend someone--Archive13 23:14, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

RfA
It does seem people think you vote too harshly sometimes, but I agree with you. They should be held to high standards. That doesn't mean hold people to unreasonable standards. I was just finding it curious that you would vote to oppose, but not ask why i might have been away...which was due to a personal issue which resulted in my being gone for an extended period of time. --ScottyBoy900Q ∞ 17:47, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

NPA
Your last comment on RfA borders dangereously close to violating WP:NPA. I strongly encourage you to remove it, and to apologize to the users affected. We all have moments where we act outisde ourselves in anger, but it is important to recognize those moments, apologize for them and move on. Please consider my advice carefully and make what you believe to be the right choice. -- Essjay ·  Talk 19:51, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Absolutely not! I don't want you to stop voting on RfA's, and I don't want you to feel like you're a bad editor. Part of being a good editor is recognizing mistakes and accepting responsibility for them, and you've shown you can and will do that. I encourage you to vote your conscience on RfA, and if you really oppose a candidate, stick with it. You are entitled to your vote, but other users will want to know why you oppose so they can make a more informed decision, and so the candidate can improve on the identified weaknesess. Don't let this get you down, we all make mistakes now and again, it's learning from them and growing that is important. Have a barnstar for your efforts. -- Essjay ·  Talk 20:30, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

You're very welcome. If you need to talk, come find me. -- Essjay ·  Talk 21:18, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Standards
What you say is correct, but edit count to time ratio is not an important factor. Andre ( talk ) 20:41, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Good wishes
Hello, Private Butcher. We don't edit the same articles, so I haven't "met" you on Wikipedia. However, I do keep on my watchlist the userpages of some of the Wikipedians that you have sent messages to, and I've also had a look at your userpage. I realize that you have some personal problems in your life, and that you are struggling with addictions. I just want to assure you of my prayers and good wishes. I don't normally send "holy" messages to people, but I'll make an exception for you – Jesus loves you, and He cares far more about your problems that you do! Regards, Ann Heneghan (talk) 21:52, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

That RfA thingy
That outburst was surprizing, but hey don't take WP too seriously. Apology accepted and no bad feelings. feydey 22:31, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Secret Ham
Thanks on my Rfa!If I ever need some Ham on the down low, I know where to turn from now on;-) Karmafist 21:42, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

My Rfa
Thanks for your support. I have seen that you highly value the position so I appreciate your support muchly. Qaz ( talk ) 23:02, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

get off my back!

 * Alien

A note
Hi, I saw your message on your User page. I'm glad you didn't do anything drastic. Life is full of peaks and valleys and sometimes you can't see the mountain tops when you're in a valley. You are an asset to Wikipedia and I'm glad you're still here! Hang in there. Maltmomma (chat)  00:11, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * You're welcome! A wise man once told me "Don't sweat the small stuff, and in the great big scheme of things... everything's small stuff." We are here but a moment so the important things are bigger than we are. I don't mean to preach at you... that's the last thing I want to do. Just impart a little life lesson I've learned so hang in there! ;o) Maltmomma  (chat) [[Image:Flag_of_Texas.svg|18px]] 00:27, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

HEEEEEEEELLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPppp message received.
I received the "bat signal" call for help. Is all alright? I'll copy (here) to your talk page (the same message I posted on the originating page) so you'll get the "you've got messages" signal.--GordonWatts 03:26, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Private Butcher, I hope you're ok. Don't know what's going on in your life, but I wish you all the best and hope you return to us safe and sound. Here's a message from the Esperanza Community:

Cheers, Bratsche talk 04:04, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Coffee and Ham
Heard you were down in the dumps, so I figured i'd bring over some coffee. Nothing quite like Coffee and Ham...Karmafist 05:01, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll tag along here and hoping all is well. Maltmomma  (chat) [[Image:Flag_of_Texas.svg|18px]] 15:52, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the help!
Hi, PB! Thanks for the help on my RfA. I told Durin I probably shouldn't be at work this week, either. Anyhow, I was in the process of striking through my pointless (read as: idiotic) self-vote and placing a comment apologizing for the obvious faux pas. It won't be a mistake I make next time ;-). And, if you don't learn anything from this stuff, why bother being here!  I appreciate the point in the proper direction and the nice comment you made.  Perhaps you'll support me next time around!!  Have a great week.  >:  Roby Wayne  Talk •  Hist •  E@ 22:46, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Your Return from Stressful Situations
Hey Private! I noticed you had some real life problems, and I just wanted to let you know that I've been thinking about you and hoping that you'll pull through. Life can be tough sometimes, but there's always a light at the end of the tunnel, even though that tunnel seems a million miles long. And if you'd like some of that personal info removed from the database, just let me know (even though the text is not on the page, it is still accessible through the page history). I'll use my admin powers to sort it all out. Cheers, Bratsche talk 02:05, 11 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
Alsium

Alsium (modern: Palo) was an ancient city on the coast of Etruria, between Pyrgi and Fregenae, on the Via Aurelia, by which it is about 35 km from Rome near the modern Ladispoli. It was one of the oldest towns of Etruria, but does not appear in history until the Roman colonisation of 247 BC. It was never of great importance, except as a resort of wealthy Romans, many of whom (including Pompey and the Antonine emperors) had villas there.

History
It is mentioned by Dionysius among the cities which were founded by the Pelasgians in connection with the aborigines, and afterwards wrested from them by the Tyrrhenians (Etruscans). But no mention of it occurs in history as an Etruscan city, or during the wars of that people with Rome. In 247 BC a Roman colonia maritima was established there and which gave them exemption from all military service, which was, however, overruled during the exigencies of the Second Punic War. It is mentioned by Strabo, Pliny, and Ptolemy, and it still retained its colonial rank (from an inscription of the time of Caracalla), and corresponding municipal organisation.

It become a favourite resort with wealthy Romans as a place of retirement and pleasure; and Pompey the Great had a villa there, and Julius Caesar also, where he landed on his return from Africa, and at which all the nobles of Rome hastened to greet him. Another is mentioned as belonging to Lucius Verginius Rufus, the guardian of Pliny, and emperor Marcus Aurelius had a villa there, to which several of his epistles are addressed. At a later period the town itself had fallen into utter decay, but the site was still occupied by villas, as well as that of the neighbouring Pyrgi.

The site
The 17th century fort and mole at Palo Laziale use many ancient materials probably from the site of Alsium.

Northeast of Palo is a row of large mounds called I Monteroni, which belong to tombs of the Etruscan cemetery. Over more than a mile of the shore to the east of Palo Laziale is occupied by considerable remains of ancient villas of the most magnificent scale and style of construction one of which, just east of Palo, occupies an area of some 400 by.

authors: Я сошла с ума

title: Alsium


text:
2003 Origins Award winners

The following are the winners of the 29th annual Origins Award, held in 2003:

Hall of Fame inductees

 * Larry Bond
 * Bob Charrette
 * Ed Greenwood
 * Reiner Knizia
 * Klaus Teuber
 * Loren Wiseman

Hall of Fame Game inductees

 * Squad Leader
 * Warhammer 40K

title: 2003 Origins Award winners


text:
Jaakko Laajava

Jaakko Tapani Laajava (born 23 June 1947 in Joensuu) has served as Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs for Finland from 1 April 2010. Prior to that, he served as Ambassador to the United Kingdom in 2005.

Career
Between 2001 and 2004, Laajava worked as the political under-secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Laajava has been an Ambassador in the United States in 1996–2001. He moved there as Deputy Director General of the Political Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and as Head of the 1990–1996. He was Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Ambassador to the Embassy of Finland in 1986–1990.

For the first time in 1971, he was employed by the Foreign Service. In the 1970s, he worked as a broadcaster, assistant secretary and secretary of state in Switzerland, Poland, Yugoslavia and Spain.

In 2011, Laajava was chosen as the facilitator of the Conference on the Middle East Nuclear Non-Proliferation Conference.

Other activities
In the early 1970s Laajava was represented by the Finnish Student Unio n in the DDR Recognition Committee. In that case, he was a member of the Liberal People's Party.

The bachelor's degree is bachelor's degree (B.A.) from the University of Stockholm in 1972 and a master's degree (M.A.) from the University of Helsinki for the same year.

title: Jaakko Laajava


text:
User:Genisock

This account is operated by User:Geni who has just remembered how much monobook sucks.Geni 20:55, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Genisock


text:
I Wanna Be Your Lady

"I Wanna Be Your Lady" was the first single released from the Hinda album of Hinda Hicks and features Shaznay Lewis on vocals. It charted at 109 and peaked on #14 on the UK Singles Chart.

title: I Wanna Be Your Lady


text:
De Tomaso Mangusta

The De Tomaso Mangusta is a sports car produced by Italian automobile manufacturer De Tomaso between 1967 and 1971. It was succeeded by the De Tomaso Pantera.

History

The Mangusta replaced the Vallelunga model, on which its chassis was based. The word "mangusta" is Italian for "mongoose", an animal that can kill cobras. It was rumored that the car was so named in retaliation to a failed deal between De Tomaso and Carroll Shelby. Alejandro de Tomaso offered to help Carroll Shelby to build a new Can-Am race car at the end of 1964 when Shelby found that the Shelby Cobra would not be able to compete there. De Tomaso was planning to develop a new 7.0-litre V8 engine for racing so he saw this as a perfect opportunity. Shelby agreed to finance the project and also sent a SCCA approved design team headed by Pete Brock to Italy in order to handle the design work. De Tomaso had conflicts on the design of the car. He also failed to deliver the agreed 5 race cars within the deadline for the 1965 Can-Am season. This caused Shelby to eventually back out of the project and join the development team of the Ford GT40. Peter Brock and his team were able to finish the car according to their will. De Tomaso engaged Carrozzeria Ghia to finalise the design of the car which was being developed under the project name of P70. The single completed car was displayed at the 1965 Turin Motor Show as the Ghia De Tomaso Sport 5000. De Tomaso then modified the steel backbone chassis of the P70 and it became the basis for the Mangusta, which was designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro at Ghia. The Mangusta entered production in 1967, at the same time De Tomaso had purchased Ghia. 401 cars in total were built, about 150 were made for Europe, while the remainder were made for North America. The initial cars are claimed to have a more powerful Ford HiPo 289 engine; the later cars all had Ford 302 engines. The Mangusta was imported into the United States via a federal waiver which applied to the car due to its small production numbers. The waiver exempted the car from safety regulations which were in effect at the time. The Mangusta came without seat belts and had headlights far lower than federal regulations permitted. When this exemption expired, the front of the North American car was redesigned in order to accommodate two pop-up headlamps instead of the quad round headlamps present earlier. These new headlamps functioned through a crude lever-and-cable arrangement, which fed into the cabin. An estimated 50 cars were produced in this configuration starting in 1969, however European cars continued with the original quad headlight grille. One car was built as a roadster (8ma512). One car was built with a high performance Chevrolet 327 engine for General Motors-Vice President, Bill Mitchell but soon sold to a GM employee, designer, Dick Ruzzin who has owned the car since.

Specifications
The Mangusta was designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro, whose main highlight is a center-hinged, two-section hood that opened akin to gullwing doors. The early European versions were fitted with a mid-mounted 306 hp Ford 289 V8 engine, driven through a 5-speed ZF transaxle; but for almost all Mangustas for both Europe and North America an unmodified "J Code" 230 hp Ford 302 V8 was used. All round Girling disc brakes and independent suspension, rack and pinion steering, air conditioning, and power windows were fitted, ahead of other manufacturers at the time. Journalist Paul Frère claimed he achieved a top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph) in the Mangusta.

The Mangusta was relatively inexpensive for the time, but with a 44/56 front/rear weight distribution reportedly suffered from stability problems and poor handling. The car's cabin was also cramped and it had extremely low ground clearance.

Revival
The Mangusta name was revived in the early 2000s when the concept car De Tomaso Biguà became the Qvale Mangusta, after a dispute between De Tomaso and business partner Qvale.

title: De Tomaso Mangusta


text:
Altenstein Palace

Schloss Altenstein is a schloss, or palace, upon a rocky hill on the south-western slope of the Thuringian Forest, not far from Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany. It was the summer residence of the Dukes of Saxe-Meiningen, and is surrounded by 160 hectares (1.6 square kilometres) of English landscape garden, which contain, among other objects of interest, a cavern 300 metres long, through which flows a large and rapid stream.

Geography
Altenstein is a part of the municipality of Bad Liebenstein in the Wartburgkreis near Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany. It sits on a platform with a height of around 460 metres above sea level, part of the dolomite hills at the western edge of the Thuringian Forest. It is surrounded by 160 hectares of park, which includes several pinnacles of Zechstein rock.

Previous structures
A fortified structure, possibly initially a pre-Christian holy site, may have been roughly in the same location as the current house by the 6th century. The structure at this original site was later referred to as Alter Steyn. Saint Boniface, the apostle of the Germans, reportedly lived and preached at Altenstein in 724 and built a chapel on the so-called Bonifatiusfelsen. A new castle (Neuenburg) was later built at this site by the Kloster Fulda. In 1116, a knight "Dudo von Steyn" (later known as von Frankenstein) was mentioned as holding a castle here. Neuenburg itself was first mentioned in an extant document in 1150. In 1225, the older castle was first referred to as de antique lapide ("Old Stone").

From the mid-14th century, the castle was in the possession of the Landgraves of Thuringia. According to a 1330 document, in that year the von Frankenstein family sold the Neuenburg to Berthold VIII von Henneberg. In 1346, Friedrich der Ernsthafte, Landgraf von Thüringen bought the Altenstein, but not the Neuenburg (which remained with the Henneberg family until 1495), from, steward of the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg at Meiningen. In 1347, Friedrich der Strenge married Katharina von Henneberg, the local estates of Steinbach and Schweina were given to her as dowry. In 1353, after the death of Katharina's mother, Friedrich united these lands with Altenstein, Gumpelstadt and to create the Vogtei Altenstein.

Around 1370, Altenstein was in the hand of Raubritter, calling themselves "Sterner". In 1379, they sacked Meiningen. In 1402, Landgraf Balthasar, residing on Wartburg Castle, stopped their activities.

In the late 15th century, the Altenstein passed to the Ernestine branch of the House of Wettin (in 1485) who gave it as a fief to the Franconian (died 1505) in 1492. In 1495, Hans Hund also bought the Neuenburg.

Not far from the Altenstein is the place where, in 1521, Martin Luther was "seized" by the order of the elector Frederick the Wise in a staged kidnapping, to be carried off to the Wartburg. An old beech called "Luther's Tree", which tradition connected with the reformer, was blown down in 1841, and a small monument now stands in its place.

The Neuenburg was destroyed and the Altenstein damaged in 1554. The subsequent reconstruction work caused strife between the Hund family and the local communities about the use of socage. This lasted for 70 years and resulted in the Reichsacht being placed on several members of the family in 1622. In 1640, during the Thirty Years' War Imperial troops sacked Altenstein Castle.

In 1699, Erhard Friedrich Hund ended witchhunts in his possessions. Between 1485 and 1699, 18 people had been killed in the Amt Altenstein as a result of persecution for witchcraft. Erhard also founded a hospital and an orphanage at Schweina.

In 1722, the family Hund von Wenkheim died out and the fief passed back to the Ernestines, the Dukes of Saxe-Meiningen.

Current structure
In the night of 27/28 April 1733, an arsonist set fire to Steinbach, destroying 106 houses. Sparks and burning debris were carried all the way to the Altenstein, setting it alight. The old castle was completely destroyed. In 1736, a new palace in the Baroque style was erected by order of Anton Ulrich, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. The architect was Alessandro Rossini. However, the client was not pleased with the result since he expected the palace to face south and not as constructed towards the east. Reportedly, the Duke never used the palace. Yet his son, Duke Georg I began to use the palace from 1798 as the summer residence for himself and his family. He had some improvements made at the Schloss and the Hofmarschallamt (a simple three-storied building with Doric columns flanking the entry) was constructed. Georg I also had some changes made to the park. In 1799, the Altenstein cave was discovered during road works.

Duke Bernhard II repeatedly asked architects – including the British court architect Jeffry Wyattville, to whom Bernhard had connections through his sister Adelheid (wife of William IV) – to devise new plans for the palace, but none of them were implemented. In 1866, Bernhard resigned as Duke as a result of the Austro-Prussian War. However, he retained the Altenstein and lived there until his death in 1882. His wife Marie died in 1887. Only under their son Georg II did work at the house and park recommence. In 1888, he asked his court architect, Albert Neumeister, to come up with proposals and suggested as examples Hatfield House and Knole House. Neumeister and Georg II eventually settled on a compromise design. Whilst the architect had argued for a completely new palace, Georg II insisted on adding or changing the existing structure. The result was a palace that used the basic Baroque structure, but was designed in the English Renaissance Revival style, featuring two-storied oriels, bow windows, numerous chimneys, and obelisk ornaments. This style, unique in Thuringia, was inspired by the relationships of the Meiningen dynasty to Great Britain and the taste of Georg II (also known as the "Theatre-Duke"), who liked the plays of William Shakespeare.

The gardens had been redesigned beginning in the 1840s, after a visit by Hermann, Fürst von Pückler-Muskau in 1845. He was impressed by the park but gave the owner detailed advice on how to improve it. Actual design work was done by Weimar court gardener Carl Eduard Petzold. Ten years after Pückler-Muskau, Peter Joseph Lenné also offered some advice.

Altenstein was the summer residence of the Dukes of Saxe-Meiningen until the end of the monarchy in 1918. Although the upkeep of palace and park was subsequently neglected (in 1918 vandals destroyed the Teufelsbrücke and in 1923 the "Chinese Pavilion" had to be torn down), the ducal family retained use of the Altenstein. When Princess Charlotte of Prussia, the wife of the last reigning Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, Bernhard III, and a granddaughter of Queen Victoria and sister of the last German Emperor, Wilhelm II, died in 1919, the Duke had a burial site created in the park; she was buried there in 1920. He himself died in 1928 and was buried next to his wife.

The Altenstein remained the property of the family until Ernst, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen, died in 1941. His widow, Käthe Baroness von Saalfeld (née Katharina Jensen, daughter of poet Wilhelm Jensen), decided to sell the property to the state of Thuringia in 1942. Although negotiations with the company running the Liebenstein spa (which had also rented the property) were well advanced, once the state declared an interest, these agreements were revoked. On 5 August 1942, Ralf Baron von Saalfeld (as executor of the will) sold the Altenstein estate to Thuringia for 521,000 Reichsmark (equivalent to million  euros). During World War II it served as a recreation home for the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht from 1943 to 1945. It served briefly as barracks for American and then for Soviet troops. After the Soviet occupation in 1945, the palace became a recreation home for the Handwerkskammer Thüringen (Thuringian chamber of skilled crafts) in 1946. From 1951 to 1958, the Hofmarschallamt housed a Forstfachschule (a school for forestry workers), and then a school for Agraringenieure (through 1990). In place of the ruined nursery, a boarding school was built in 1972. The park became part of the public forestry business run from Bad Salzungen.

In 1981, palace and park were declared a listed monument by the district authorities (at the time the Suhl district). However, on 4 February 1982, the palace was destroyed by a fire resulting from an electrical defect, causing a total loss of all the interior designs. The roof collapsed and only the outer walls survived. Since 1984, it has been in the process of being rebuilt; but after delays related to the German reunification, so far only the roof and some windows have been fixed. In 2013, reconstruction of the Festssal was completed. This was supported by Federal funds from the program Investitionen für nationale Kultureinrichtungen in Ostdeutschland.

In 1994, the State of Thuringia confirmed the listed status of the Altenstein and since 1995, the palace has been part of the portfolio of the properties of . According to them, around 8.5 million euro will be required to complete the restoration.

Today
The Schloss and park are open to the public. The outbuildings house a restaurant, a technical academy run by the TÜV Thüringen and a nature information centre. The former boarding school had been turned into a hotel, but is now closed.

The palace is now deemed a Kulturdenkmal von nationaler Bedeutung (cultural monument of national importance). The Federal government financially supported the creation of a memorial commemorating the presence of composer Johannes Brahms, who visited the palace twice. This small museum opened in May 2017, allowing the general public access to the palace itself for the first time. The annual number of visitors to the park is around 130,000. As of May 2017, construction work on the palace is expected to be completed by 2021.

The cave in the park is accessible to visitors for around 300 metres. There are occasional concerts inside a 12-metre-high domed cavern.

title: Altenstein Palace


text:
Wilfred Abse

David Wilfred Abse (15 March 1915 – 4 November 2005) was a Welsh psychiatrist.

Abse was born in Cardiff, a brother of the poet Dannie Abse (1923–2014) and the politician Leo Abse (1917–2008). During and after World War II, he served in the Royal Army Medical Corps. In 1941, he participated in the examination of the Nazi leader Rudolf Hess, who had been captured in Scotland during an unsuccessful peace mission. Abse was later stationed in India, eventually rising to the rank of Major.

A psychoanalyst, Abse received his medical training from University of London, then emigrated to the United States to become professor of psychiatry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He spent the greater part of his career in Charlottesville, Virginia, where he was a professor of psychiatry at the University of Virginia from 1962 until 1980. Abse was known for his work in group therapy and hysteria, and contributed to the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. It was said that his younger brother Leo got his habit of Freudian allusion in his speeches from Wilfred.

Abse's work in group analysis was influenced by S.H. Foulkes, who was in London at the same time as Abse. Abse wrote that in group-analytic psychotherapy, each patient's unconscious defence struggle becomes manifest, producing unconscious regression. Feelings about early figures from childhood are aroused and, through transference, fixed on the group leader (or conductor). Childish feelings of jealousy and rivalry lead participants to become concerned about which members in the group the group leader prefers.

Selected works

 * The diagnosis of hysteria (Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1950)
 * Speech and reason: language disorder in mental disease (John Wright, Bristol, 1971)
 * Clinical notes on group-analytic psychotherapy (University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, 1974)
 * Marital & sexual counseling in medical practice, edited by D. Wilfred Abse, Ethel M. Nash, Lois M.R. Louden (Harper & Row, Medical Dept., Hagerstown, 2nd edition, 1974)
 * Hysteria and Related Mental Disorders : an approach to psychological medicine (Wright, Bristol, 1987)

title: Wilfred Abse


text:
Talk:Packrat parser

The phrase "In computing..." has been removed, as it implies a greater ubiquity of the term "packrat parser" than has yet been evidenced in the literture. This is a fairly recent advancement.

-- QTJ 20:16, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

Figure in section "Syntax"
The "example" subsection ends with a figure in the middle of the text. This figure should be put properly in a figure box and referenced (or not) in the text Cellomario (talk) 12:42, 7 July 2023 (UTC)

Overall a very well written page, especially the part about memoization techniques. The only suggestion that I can make is that the average reader would benefit from a more divulgative approach, both in the text and in the references Cellomario (talk) 13:01, 7 July 2023 (UTC)

Review
The article is clear and well written. The main aspects of the topic are understandable by someone with no particular expertise in the area. Fdrc.Mtll (talk) 14:31, 7 July 2023 (UTC)

Review
The description of the Packrat parser is very detailed and provides a useful example to understand the underlying algorithm.

mscuttari (talk) 14:55, 7 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Packrat parser


text:
Talk:Ian Rush

Untitled
It should be noted he was a Evertonian. His favourite player was BOB LACHFORD!

There's more on Rush!
The statement "Incredibly, this was his only ever goal past Manchester United in his whole career." is factually incorrect. The goal in question was his first against them, but he went on to score two more the following season.

For what I feel, the article is a bit short on the legendary Ian Rush. Since Ian Rush left, Liverpool have not been able to find the out-and-out striker to replace the legend. Robbie Fowler came close, but footballing fame ruined his Liverpool career and not surprisingly, he was sold to Leeds and subsequently Man City, where his career went downhill. Similarly for Michael Owen, he chose to move to Real Madrid, and after being benched so many times, chose to sign for the Magpies rather than the Reds.

Back to Ian Rush, I do have a bit of history on the former Anfield hero, and if nobody minds, I could put it down here to see whether it approves with Liverpool supporters all over the world. --chapter1 09:48, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

Perhaps something should be put in about the 4 goals he scored against Everton in 1982. After all it is mentioned in the poor scouser tommy chant. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.148.129.230 (talk) 12:56, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

well update it then!
I think I'll put a summary of his some of his records, but I wasn't really around when he played, so I'll leave it to you to talk about his career.
 * Please sign your comments Culnacréann  🇮🇪 19:37, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

Heysel
"The game, with both teams not totally committed or fully caring about the result, ended in a 1-0 win for Juve." It is repoted elsewhere on this site that the players were unaware that ther had been fatalities until after the game. Statto74 15:06, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

In Alan Hansen's autobiography, 'Tall, Dark and Hansen' he says the playeres WERE aware. He also comments on the fact that Bruce Grobbelaar, in his autobiography, 'More Than Somewhat' chose to say the players didn't and Hansen says he can't explain why Grobbelaar should do that. 86.129.10.125 (talk) 00:47, 17 June 2008 (UTC)Al, UK

Juventus
Changed Stadio Del Alpi as this was not built until 1990.Statto74 15:12, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

Goals for Juve: this article has 12 in 29 appearances (Career summary), 8 in 29 (body of text)and 7 in 29 (Carrer stats). Anyone know which it is, definitively? 86.129.10.125 (talk) 00:51, 17 June 2008 (UTC)Al, UK

Kenny Dalglish said that Ian Rush remarked that going to Italy was like going to another country. As this showed a sense of humour and the media wanted to portray Kenny Dalglish as dour they suddenly decided that Ian Rush really did say it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.40.96.229 (talk) 17:55, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

Uuugh! Milk!
Hey.. I'm sure this article used to have something about the milk advert. Where did it go? I'm not just trying to be funny, but... to a non-football fan like me, I've never heard of Ian Rush outside having seen that advert. It is therefore significant to his popularity in a wider, non-football context. Can we have it back please? EuroSong talk 18:08, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

I agree 100% 86.14.146.209 (talk) 12:59, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

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text:
Lancy

Lancy is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.

History
Lancy is first mentioned in 1097 as ''Lanciaco'

Geography
Lancy has an area,, of 4.77 km2. Of this area, 0.25 km2 or 5.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.31 km2 or 6.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 4.26 km2 or 89.3% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.02 km2 or 0.4% is either rivers or lakes.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 8.2% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 45.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 26.4%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.7% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 6.3%. Out of the forested land, 5.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 3.4% is used for growing crops and 1.5% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located on the left bank of the Rhone river. It consists of the villages of Grand-Lancy and Petit-Lancy (which are separated from each other by the Aire valley) as well as the hamlets of Pesay, Saint-Georges, La Tour, La Vendée, Le Pont Rouge. The municipality of Lancy consists of the sub-sections or villages of Les Grandes-Communes, Lancy - Saint-Georges, Petit-Lancy - Tivoli, Surville, La Praille - Pont-Rouge, La Praille - Marchandises, La Praille - Rte des Jeunes, La Praille - stade, Lancy - La Chapelle, Le Bachet, Les Palettes.

Demographics
Lancy has a population of. , 35.0% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the years 1999–2009 the population changed at a rate of 12%. It changed at a rate of 6.2% due to migration and at a rate of 6.2% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population speaks French (20,422 or 79.5%), with Portuguese being second most common (1,031 or 4.0%) and Italian being third (1,029 or 4.0%). There are 883 people who speak German and 10 people who speak Romansh.

, the gender distribution of the population was 48.2% male and 51.8% female. The population was made up of 8,568 Swiss men (29.7% of the population) and 5,311 (18.4%) non-Swiss men. There were 9,994 Swiss women (34.7%) and 4,938 (17.1%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 4,565 or about 17.8% were born in Lancy and lived there in 2000. There were 6,166 or 24.0% who were born in the same canton, while 4,305 or 16.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 9,294 or 36.2% were born outside of Switzerland.

In there were 200 live births to Swiss citizens and 119 births to non-Swiss citizens. In same time span there were 132 deaths of Swiss citizens and 31 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 68 while the foreign population increased by 88. There were 93 Swiss men and 78 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 263 non-Swiss men and 246 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 179 and the non-Swiss population increased by 383 people. This represents a population growth rate of 2.1%.

The age distribution of the population is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 22.6% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 62.7% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 14.7%.

, there were 10,070 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 12,343 married individuals, 1,327 widows or widowers and 1,948 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 11,205 private households in the municipality and an average of 2.2 persons per household. There were 4,092 households that consist of only one person and 511 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 11,466 households that answered this question, 35.7% were made up of just one person and there were 52 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 2,908 married couples without children, 3,173 married couples with children. There were 834 single parents with a child or children. There were 146 households that were made up of unrelated people and 261 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

there were 866 single family homes (or 51.7% of the total) out of a total of 1,676 inhabited buildings. There were 467 multi-family buildings (27.9%), along with 263 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (15.7%) and 80 other-use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (4.8%). Of the single family homes 179 were built before 1919, while 76 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (216) were built between 1919 and 1945.

there were 11,915 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was three rooms of which there were 3,899. There were 911 single-room apartments and 1,868 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, 10,895 apartments (91.4% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 895 apartments (7.5%) were seasonally occupied and 125 apartments (1.0%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 4.3 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.21%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 23.87% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (21.8%), the Green Party (14.47%) and the CVP (11.59%). In the federal election, a total of 6,431 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 45.7%.

In the 2009 Grand Conseil election, there were a total of 14,212 registered voters of which 5,390 (37.9%) voted. The most popular party in the municipality for this election was the MCG with 20.7% of the ballots. In the canton-wide election they received the third highest proportion of votes. The second most popular party was the Les Socialistes (with 13.3%), they were fourth in the canton-wide election, while the third most popular party was the Les Verts (with 12.9%), they were second in the canton-wide election.

For the 2009 Conseil d'Etat election, there were a total of 14,236 registered voters of which 6,558 (46.1%) voted.

In 2011, all the municipalities held local elections, and in Lancy there were 35 spots open on the municipal council. There were a total of 19,698 registered voters of which 7,004 (35.6%) voted. Out of the 7,004 votes, there were 29 blank votes, 39 null or unreadable votes and 306 votes with a name that was not on the list.

Transport
The commune has the head office of Geneva Public Transport. There are two railway stations, Lancy-Pont-Rouge and Lancy-Bachet. Both are located on the CEVA orbital railway with frequent service by trains of the Léman Express.

Economy
, Lancy had an unemployment rate of 6.9%. , there were 12 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 3 businesses involved in this sector. 1,785 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 227 businesses in this sector. 15,091 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 887 businesses in this sector. There were 12,713 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 45.6% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 14,725. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 9, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 1,717 of which 526 or (30.6%) were in manufacturing and 1,127 (65.6%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 12,999. In the tertiary sector; 4,014 or 30.9% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 2,451 or 18.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 417 or 3.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 329 or 2.5% were in the information industry, 1,292 or 9.9% were the insurance or financial industry, 1,031 or 7.9% were technical professionals or scientists, 1,012 or 7.8% were in education and 767 or 5.9% were in health care.

, there were 10,930 workers who commuted into the municipality and 10,351 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.1 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 15.1% of the workforce coming into Lancy are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.1% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 32.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 48.3% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 11,624 or 45.3% were Roman Catholic, while 4,046 or 15.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 333 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.30% of the population), there were 53 individuals (or about 0.21% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 509 individuals (or about 1.98% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 94 individuals (or about 0.37% of the population) who were Jewish, and 1,004 (or about 3.91% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 68 individuals who were Buddhist, 42 individuals who were Hindu and 46 individuals who belonged to another church. 5,455 (or about 21.24% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 2,414 individuals (or about 9.40% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Lancy about 8,219 or (32.0%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 3,799 or (14.8%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 3,799 who completed tertiary schooling, 40.4% were Swiss men, 32.1% were Swiss women, 16.5% were non-Swiss men and 11.0% were non-Swiss women.

During the 2009–2010 school year there were a total of 5,817 students in the Lancy school system. The education system in the Canton of Geneva allows young children to attend two years of non-obligatory Kindergarten. During that school year, there were 494 children who were in a pre-kindergarten class. The canton's school system provides two years of non-mandatory kindergarten and requires students to attend six years of primary school, with some of the children attending smaller, specialized classes. In Lancy there were 889 students in kindergarten or primary school and 150 students were in the special, smaller classes. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling, followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. There were 889 lower secondary students who attended school in Lancy. There were 1,356 upper secondary students from the municipality along with 232 students who were in a professional, non-university track program. An additional 305 students attended a private school.

, there were 2,671 students in Lancy who came from another municipality, while 1,297 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Collège de Saussure is located in Lancy.

Notable people

 * Jean Dunand (1877–1942) a French lacquer, sculptor, dinandier (copper manufacturer) and interior designer; a lacquer artist of the Art Deco period
 * Nicolas Bouvier (1929–1998) a Swiss traveller, writer, picture editor and photographer

title: Lancy


text:
Wleń

Wleń (Lähn) is a small historic town in Lwówek Śląski County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is located on the Bóbr river in the historic Lower Silesian region, approximately 13 km south-east of Lwówek Śląski, and 97 km west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The town is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Wleń. , it has a population of 1,759.

Wleń was established in 1214 by the Silesian duke Henry I the Bearded and his wife Hedwig of Andechs, as part of fragmented medieval Poland.

Sights

 * The ruins of the one of two oldest castles in Poland Wleń Castle with its only remaining tower, are visible from the town. Originally foundation of Silesian Dukes, later property of the Haugwitz noble family, the castle is located in the neighbouring village of Łupki. The castle served to protect the nearby borders with Bohemia and Upper Lusatia and was devastated during the Thirty Years' War. A Baroque palace was rebuilt underneath it. The picture above shows the view of Wleń town from the top of the tower, which currently stands less than half its original height. In 2005, a western portion of one of the castle's outer walls crumbled, forcing the castle to be temporarily closed to tourists. The crumbled section of the outer wall was rebuilt over time using funds from the Polish government and the European Union and completed in 2009.
 * Baroque Wleń Palace
 * Neoclassicist Town Hall at the Market Square and the Gothic Revival Saint Nicholas church.

title: Wleń


text:
Phase-transfer catalyst

In chemistry, a phase-transfer catalyst or PTC is a catalyst that facilitates the transition of a reactant from one phase into another phase where reaction occurs. Phase-transfer catalysis is a special form of catalysis and can act through homogeneous catalysis or heterogeneous catalysis methods depending on the catalyst used. Ionic reactants are often soluble in an aqueous phase but insoluble in an organic phase in the absence of the phase-transfer catalyst. The catalyst functions like a detergent for solubilizing the salts into the organic phase. Phase-transfer catalysis refers to the acceleration of the reaction upon the addition of the phase-transfer catalyst.

By using a PTC process, one can achieve faster reactions, obtain higher conversions or yields, make fewer byproducts, eliminate the need for expensive or dangerous solvents that will dissolve all the reactants in one phase, eliminate the need for expensive raw materials and/or minimize waste problems. Phase-transfer catalysts are especially useful in green chemistry—by allowing the use of water, the need for organic solvents is reduced.

Contrary to common perception, PTC is not limited to systems with hydrophilic and hydrophobic reactants. PTC is sometimes employed in liquid/solid and liquid/gas reactions. As the name implies, one or more of the reactants are transported into a second phase which contains both reactants.

Types
Phase-transfer catalysts for anionic reactants are often quaternary ammonium salts. Commercially important catalysts include benzyltriethylammonium chloride, methyltricaprylammonium chloride and methyltributylammonium chloride. Organic phosphonium salts are also used, e.g., hexadecyltributylphosphonium bromide. The phosphonium salts tolerate higher temperatures, but are unstable toward base, degrading to phosphine oxide.

For example, the nucleophilic substitution reaction of an aqueous sodium cyanide solution with an ethereal solution of 1-bromooctane does not readily occur. The 1-bromooctane is poorly soluble in the aqueous cyanide solution, and the sodium cyanide does not dissolve well in the ether. Upon the addition of small amounts of hexadecyltributylphosphonium bromide, a rapid reaction ensues to give nonyl nitrile:

By the quaternary phosphonium cation, cyanide ions are "ferried" from the aqueous phase into the organic phase.

Subsequent work demonstrated that many such reactions can be performed rapidly at around room temperature using catalysts such as tetra-n-butylammonium bromide and methyltrioctylammonium chloride in benzene/water systems.

An alternative to the use of "quat salts" is to convert alkali metal cations into hydrophobic cations. In the research lab, crown ethers are used for this purpose. Polyethylene glycols are more commonly used in practical applications. These ligands encapsulate alkali metal cations (typically Na+ and K+), affording large lipophilic cations. These polyethers have a hydrophilic "interiors" containing the ion and a hydrophobic exterior.

Chiral phase-transfer catalysts have also been demonstrated.

Applications
PTC is widely exploited industrially. Polyesters for example are prepared from acyl chlorides and bisphenol-A. Phosphothioate-based pesticides are generated by PTC-catalyzed alkylation of phosphothioates. One of the more complex applications of PTC involves asymmetric alkylations, which are catalyzed by chiral quaternary ammonium salts derived from cinchona alkaloids.

title: Phase-transfer catalyst


text:
Deaf West Theatre

Deaf West Theatre is a non-profit arts organization based in Los Angeles, California, US. It is most well known for its Tony Award-nominated productions of Big River and Spring Awakening.

Deaf West Theatre is led by artistic director DJ Kurs.

History
Established in 1991 by Founding Artistic Director, Ed Waterstreet, Deaf West Theatre engages artists and audiences in unparalleled theater experiences inspired by Deaf culture and the expressive power of sign language. Committed to innovation, collaboration, and training, Deaf West Theatre is the artistic bridge between the deaf and hearing worlds. Deaf West productions are traditionally performed in American Sign Language with voice translation occurring at the same time so it is accessible to both deaf and hearing audiences. Deaf West has also held workshops for deaf youth who come from underprivileged communities and supported young deaf individuals who have a career in the arts. Since 2012, Deaf West has been led by Artistic Director DJ Kurs.

Deaf actors who have worked with Deaf West Theatre include Troy Kotsur, Phyllis Frelich, Daniel Durant, Marlee Matlin, and Alexandria Wailes.

Productions
Notable past productions include Our Town by Thornton Wilder in a co-production with Pasadena Playhouse; Edward Albee's At Home at the Zoo in a co-production with The Wallis Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts; Spring Awakening, which transferred from Inner-City Arts to The Wallis Annenberg and then to Broadway where it received three Tony Award nominations, including Best Revival; American Buffalo, which was labeled a Los Angeles Times Critic's Choice; Cyrano, a co-production with the Fountain Theatre which received the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Production; Big River which received two Tony Award nominations (including Best Revival), Pippin, produced at the Mark Taper Forum in a co-production with Center Theatre Group; Oliver! which received the Ovation Award for Best Musical, and A Streetcar Named Desire which received the Ovation Award for Best Play.

title: Deaf West Theatre


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Hot/D2/Dea-Dej

Dea

 * 1) Dead media
 * 2) Dead River
 * 3) Dead tree
 * 4) Dead-tree media
 * 5) Deadly embrace
 * 6) Deal Island
 * 7) Dealfish
 * 8) Deallocate
 * 9) Dean Frederick Martin
 * 10) Death angel
 * 11) Death by Water Lilies
 * 12) Death by Water
 * 13) Death of God Movement
 * 14) Death Rite

Deb

 * 1) Deba Habe
 * 2) DeBabelizer
 * 3) Debat
 * 4) Debir
 * 5) Deble
 * 6) Deblock
 * 7) Deborah Moody
 * 8) Debrazza's Monkey
 * 9) Debundja
 * 10) Debye Frequency
 * 11) Debye Length
 * 12) Debye Model
 * 13) Debye Temperature
 * 14) Debye Theory
 * 15) Debye-Falkenhagen Effect
 * 16) Debye-Huckel Equation

Deca-Dece

 * 1) Decadentism
 * 2) Decadents
 * 3) Decalogue
 * 4) Decay of organic matter
 * 5) Decay
 * 6) Decca
 * 7) Deccani Painting
 * 8) Deceleration Injury
 * 9) Deceleration Parameter
 * 10) Decembrists
 * 11) Decemvirs
 * 12) Decentralized processing
 * 13) Deception Bay

Deci-Dect

 * 1) Decibel Scale
 * 2) Deciduous plant
 * 3) Deciduous plants
 * 4) Decimal based
 * 5) Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus
 * 6) Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus
 * 7) Decision box
 * 8) Decision instruction
 * 9) DecisionSuite
 * 10) Decius
 * 11) Deck Tennis
 * 12) Declaration of Tashkent
 * 13) DECmate
 * 14) DECmcc
 * 15) Decollator
 * 16) Decomposition potential
 * 17) Decompress
 * 18) Decontamination of radioactive materials
 * 19) Decor Bois
 * 20) Decorated style
 * 21) Decree of Muharram
 * 22) Decrypt
 * 23) DECtalk

Ded-Dee

 * 1) Dedan
 * 2) Dedicated channel
 * 3) Dedicated IP address
 * 4) Dedicated service
 * 5) Dee River ( Scotland)
 * 6) Dee River
 * 7) Deep code
 * 8) Deep inelastic collisions
 * 9) Deep programming
 * 10) Deep Web
 * 11) Deep-marine sediments
 * 12) Deep-Scattering Layer
 * 13) Deep-sea exploration
 * 14) Deep-sea fauna
 * 15) Deep-sea trench
 * 16) Deerfield River (United States)
 * 17) Deerfield
 * 18) Deerfly

Def

 * 1) Default directory
 * 2) Default drive
 * 3) Default file
 * 4) Default font
 * 5) Default name
 * 6) Default profile
 * 7) Default
 * 8) Defence of India Act
 * 9) Defense Economics
 * 10) Deficit weighted round robin
 * 11) Definite composition, law of
 * 12) Deflection Angle
 * 13) Defoliant and desiccant
 * 14) Deforcement
 * 15) Deformable Body
 * 16) Deformation and Flow
 * 17) Defragger

Deg-Dej

 * 1) Degausser
 * 2) Degema
 * 3) Degeneracy (quantum mechanics)
 * 4) Degeneracy Pressure
 * 5) Degenerate Gas
 * 6) Degree of freedom (mechanics)
 * 7) Degree of Freedom
 * 8) Degree-day
 * 9) Dehri
 * 10) Dehydrated food
 * 11) Deidamia
 * 12) Deido
 * 13) Deinterlace
 * 14) Deinterlaced
 * 15) Deiphon
 * 16) Deir ez Zawr
 * 17) Deirdre of the Sorrows
 * 18) Deists
 * 19) Deja.com
 * 20) DejaNews


text:
Aiguille du Plat de la Selle

The Aiguille du Plat de la Selle, 3,596 m, is a mountain of the Massif des Écrins in the Dauphiné Alps in south-eastern France. Ascents of the mountain are via Saint-Christophe-en-Oisans or the Soreiller hut.

title: Aiguille du Plat de la Selle


text:
Wlen

The letters wlen may refer to:

 * WLEN-FM, a radio station (103.9 FM) licensed to Adrian Michigan, United States
 * Wleń, a town in western Poland

title: Wlen


text:
Talk:Bolton v Stone

I am not terribly familiar with this case but I thought there was some debate about how often a cricket ball had in fact been hit that far - divergent opinions etc. I could, however, be entirely wrong and am happy to be corrected. orizon 21:01, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bolton v Stone


text:
User:Jordan McKenzie

I was born in Springfield, Ohio on in 1987 and now reside in Tipp City. I enjoy sports, film, classic television, music, and social sciences. I am an avid fan of the The Ohio State University football and basketball teams, the Cincinnati Reds, and Green Bay Packers. I am a member of the Tippecanoe High School class of 2006.

title: User:Jordan McKenzie


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Catamarancharters

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE all three articles. — J I P | Talk 05:44, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Catamarancharters
plus Catamaran vacations and Sailing vacation.

Thinly veiled advertising posted by 205.197.3.211 and 66.176.167.128 to promote, and  which are all one company. Probably everything they say is already covered in Catamaran, Multihull and other sailing articles, or is not encyclopedic. -- RHaworth 21:02, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete the lot as per nom.  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   21:51, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advert --Rogerd 03:59, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all as advertising. --Apyule 07:50, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
NBR G Class

The North British Railway (NBR) G Class (LNER Class Y9) is a class of 0-4-0ST steam locomotive designed for shunting. Some locomotives were equipped with small wooden tenders to carry extra coal. They were introduced in 1882 and thirty-eight entered service on the NBR between 1882 and 1899. Like most 0-4-0 tanks of the period it has outside cylinders and inside slide valves driven by Stephenson valve gear. The rival Caledonian Railway had the same number (38) of identical locomotives in service. The nickname "Pug" was used on the NBR. (The Caledonian Railway, in common with several other companies, used this nickname for all small shunting engines.)

Origin
The basic industrial shunting locomotive design was originated by Neilson and Company of Hyde Park Works, Springburn, Glasgow, who built the first examples of the type, mainly for industrial customers, in the 1870s. One such, built in 1876, is in the collection of the Scottish Railway Preservation Society at Bo'ness. The locomotives were designed to operate at low speed, shunting heavy loads, on tight radius sidings and points.

Major railway companies often required engines of this type for duties such as yard and dock shunting, and the design was taken up by the North British Railway and the Caledonian Railway, amongst others. It seems that having trailed a small number of locomotives built by Neilson & Co, each railway company was given consent to produce further examples itself, under licence, happily attributing the design to their own respective Chief Mechanical Engineers, Dugald Drummond (CR), and Matthew Holmes (NBR).

Caledonian Railway
In 1876 the Caledonian Railway bought four locomotives of this design from Neilsons. Between 1885 and 1908, the Caledonian Railway built thirty-four more examples at the company's own St. Rollox railway works in Glasgow.

North British Railway
In much the same way, the North British Railway (NBR) bought two locomotives from Neilson in 1882, and by 1899 they had built thirty-six for themselves at their Cowlairs railway works in Glasgow, giving a total of thirty-eight engines in service. Having obtained license to replicate the design, each of the railway companies incorporated minor detail modifications into their version. On the NBR the locomotives were designated G class when the new class identification system was introduced in 1913.

Great Eastern Railway
The Great Eastern Railway Class 209 is similar but has a flat-topped saddle tank. One example is preserved, formerly at the North Woolwich Old Station Museum, and is currently being restored at Lydney, Gloucestershire.

LNER and BR ownership
The LNER acquired most of the NBR examples in 1923 and classified them Y9. Thirty-three of them passed into British Railways ownership in 1948 and were numbered 68092–68124.

Preservation

One, NBR No. 42 (BR 68095), has survived to preservation in the Scottish Railway Preservation Society collection and is a static exhibit. This was bought from British Railways straight out of traffic at St Margaret's Shed, Edinburgh by J.Morris, and was displayed at his former museum at Lytham St Annes until it was bought by SRPS in 1992.

An example of the original design by Neilson & Co. is also preserved by the Scottish Railway Preservation Society. It was built in 1876 and named Kelton Fell.

title: NBR G Class