text:
Talk:Blueberry Boat

Fair use rationale for Image:Fieryfurnacesblueberryboat.jpg
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Highly Conceptual?
Maybe I'm dim, but I don't see the concept. Can someone elaborate on this? 71.171.208.197 19:34, 26 July 2007 (UTC)
 * It's open to interpretation and not totally agreed upon - see the two external links at the end of the article. Digestion 20:56, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Blueberry Boat


text: Template:Downtown Las Vegas

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Template:Downtown Las Vegas


text:
Image stitching

Image stitching or photo stitching is the process of combining multiple photographic images with overlapping fields of view to produce a segmented panorama or high-resolution image. Commonly performed through the use of computer software, most approaches to image stitching require nearly exact overlaps between images and identical exposures to produce seamless results, although some stitching algorithms actually benefit from differently exposed images by doing high-dynamic-range imaging in regions of overlap. Some digital cameras can stitch their photos internally.

Applications
Image stitching is widely used in modern applications, such as the following:
 * Document mosaicing
 * Image stabilization feature in camcorders that use frame-rate image alignment
 * High-resolution image mosaics in digital maps and satellite imagery
 * Medical imaging
 * Multiple-image super-resolution imaging
 * Video stitching
 * Object insertion

Process
The image stitching process can be divided into three main components: image registration, calibration, and blending.

Image stitching algorithms
In order to estimate image alignment, algorithms are needed to determine the appropriate mathematical model relating pixel coordinates in one image to pixel coordinates in another. Algorithms that combine direct pixel-to-pixel comparisons with gradient descent (and other optimization techniques) can be used to estimate these parameters.

Distinctive features can be found in each image and then efficiently matched to rapidly establish correspondences between pairs of images. When multiple images exist in a panorama, techniques have been developed to compute a globally consistent set of alignments and to efficiently discover which images overlap one another.

A final compositing surface onto which to warp or projectively transform and place all of the aligned images is needed, as are algorithms to seamlessly blend the overlapping images, even in the presence of parallax, lens distortion, scene motion, and exposure differences.

Image stitching issues
Since the illumination in two views cannot be guaranteed to be identical, stitching two images could create a visible seam. Other reasons for seams could be the background changing between two images for the same continuous foreground. Other major issues to deal with are the presence of parallax, lens distortion, scene motion, and exposure differences. In a non-ideal real-life case, the intensity varies across the whole scene, and so does the contrast and intensity across frames. Additionally, the aspect ratio of a panorama image needs to be taken into account to create a visually pleasing composite.

For panoramic stitching, the ideal set of images will have a reasonable amount of overlap (at least 15–30%) to overcome lens distortion and have enough detectable features. The set of images will have consistent exposure between frames to minimize the probability of seams occurring.

Keypoint detection
Feature detection is necessary to automatically find correspondences between images. Robust correspondences are required in order to estimate the necessary transformation to align an image with the image it is being composited on. Corners, blobs, Harris corners, and differences of Gaussians of Harris corners are good features since they are repeatable and distinct.

One of the first operators for interest point detection was developed by Hans P. Moravec in 1977 for his research involving the automatic navigation of a robot through a clustered environment. Moravec also defined the concept of "points of interest" in an image and concluded these interest points could be used to find matching regions in different images. The Moravec operator is considered to be a corner detector because it defines interest points as points where there are large intensity variations in all directions. This often is the case at corners. However, Moravec was not specifically interested in finding corners, just distinct regions in an image that could be used to register consecutive image frames.

Harris and Stephens improved upon Moravec's corner detector by considering the differential of the corner score with respect to direction directly. They needed it as a processing step to build interpretations of a robot's environment based on image sequences. Like Moravec, they needed a method to match corresponding points in consecutive image frames, but were interested in tracking both corners and edges between frames.

SIFT and SURF are recent key-point or interest point detector algorithms but a point to note is that SURF is patented and its commercial usage restricted. Once a feature has been detected, a descriptor method like SIFT descriptor can be applied to later match them.

Registration
Image registration involves matching features in a set of images or using direct alignment methods to search for image alignments that minimize the sum of absolute differences between overlapping pixels. When using direct alignment methods one might first calibrate one's images to get better results. Additionally, users may input a rough model of the panorama to help the feature matching stage, so that e.g. only neighboring images are searched for matching features. Since there are smaller group of features for matching, the result of the search is more accurate and execution of the comparison is faster.

To estimate a robust model from the data, a common method used is known as RANSAC. The name RANSAC is an abbreviation for "RANdom SAmple Consensus". It is an iterative method for robust parameter estimation to fit mathematical models from sets of observed data points which may contain outliers. The algorithm is non-deterministic in the sense that it produces a reasonable result only with a certain probability, with this probability increasing as more iterations are performed. It being a probabilistic method means that different results will be obtained for every time the algorithm is run.

The RANSAC algorithm has found many applications in computer vision, including the simultaneous solving of the correspondence problem and the estimation of the fundamental matrix related to a pair of stereo cameras. The basic assumption of the method is that the data consists of "inliers", i.e., data whose distribution can be explained by some mathematical model, and "outliers" which are data that do not fit the model. Outliers are considered points which come from noise, erroneous measurements, or simply incorrect data.

For the problem of homography estimation, RANSAC works by trying to fit several models using some of the point pairs and then checking if the models were able to relate most of the points. The best model – the homography, which produces the highest number of correct matches – is then chosen as the answer for the problem; thus, if the ratio of number of outliers to data points is very low, the RANSAC outputs a decent model fitting the data.

Calibration
Image calibration aims to minimize differences between an ideal lens models and the camera-lens combination that was used, optical defects such as distortions, exposure differences between images, vignetting, camera response and chromatic aberrations. If feature detection methods were used to register images and absolute positions of the features were recorded and saved, stitching software may use the data for geometric optimization of the images in addition to placing the images on the panosphere. Panotools and its various derivative programs use this method.

Alignment
Alignment may be necessary to transform an image to match the view point of the image it is being composited with. Alignment, in simple terms, is a change in the coordinates system so that it adopts a new coordinate system which outputs image matching the required viewpoint. The types of transformations an image may go through are pure translation, pure rotation, a similarity transform which includes translation, rotation and scaling of the image which needs to be transformed, Affine or projective transform.

Projective transformation is the farthest an image can transform (in the set of two dimensional planar transformations), where only visible features that are preserved in the transformed image are straight lines whereas parallelism is maintained in an affine transform.

Projective transformation can be mathematically described as

where x is points in the old coordinate system, x’ is the corresponding points in the transformed image and H is the homography matrix.

Expressing the points x and x’ using the camera intrinsics (K and K’) and its rotation and translation $x’ = H $\cdot$ x$ to the real-world coordinates X and X’, we get
 * $[R t]$ and $x = K $\cdot$ [R t] $\cdot$ X$.

Using the above two equations and the homography relation between x’ and x, we can derive

The homography matrix H has 8 parameters or degrees of freedom. The homography can be computed using Direct Linear Transform and Singular value decomposition with

where A is the matrix constructed using the coordinates of correspondences and h is the one dimensional vector of the 9 elements of the reshaped homography matrix. To get to h we can simple apply SVD: $x’ = K’ $\cdot$ [R’ t’] $\cdot$ X’$ And h = V (column corresponding to the smallest singular vector). This is true since h lies in the null space of A. Since we have 8 degrees of freedom the algorithm requires at least four point correspondences. In case when RANSAC is used to estimate the homography and multiple correspondences are available the correct homography matrix is the one with the maximum number of inliers.

Compositing
Compositing is the process where the rectified images are aligned in such a way that they appear as a single shot of a scene. Compositing can be automatically done since the algorithm now knows which correspondences overlap.

Blending
Image blending involves executing the adjustments figured out in the calibration stage, combined with remapping of the images to an output projection. Colors are adjusted between images to compensate for exposure differences. If applicable, high dynamic range merging is done along with motion compensation and deghosting. Images are blended together and seam line adjustment is done to minimize the visibility of seams between images.

The seam can be reduced by a simple gain adjustment. This compensation is basically minimizing intensity difference of overlapping pixels. Image blending algorithm allots more weight to pixels near the center of the image. Gain compensated and multi band blended images compare the best. IJCV 2007.

Straightening is another method to rectify the image. Matthew Brown and David G. Lowe in their paper ‘Automatic Panoramic Image Stitching using Invariant Features’ describe methods of straightening which apply a global rotation such that vector u is vertical (in the rendering frame) which effectively removes the wavy effect from output panoramas. This process is similar to image rectification, and more generally software correction of optical distortions in single photographs.

Even after gain compensation, some image edges are still visible due to a number of unmodelled effects, such as vignetting (intensity decreases towards the edge of the image), parallax effects due to unwanted motion of the optical centre, mis-registration errors due to mismodelling of the camera, radial distortion and so on. Due to these reasons they propose a blending strategy called multi band blending.

Projective layouts

For image segments that have been taken from the same point in space, stitched images can be arranged using one of various map projections.

Rectilinear
Rectilinear projection, where the stitched image is viewed on a two-dimensional plane intersecting the panosphere in a single point. Lines that are straight in reality are shown as straight regardless of their directions on the image. Wide views - around 120° or so - start to exhibit severe distortion near the image borders. One case of rectilinear projection is the use of cube faces with cubic mapping for panorama viewing. Panorama is mapped to six squares, each cube face showing 90 by 90 degree area of the panorama.

Cylindrical
Cylindrical projection, where the stitched image shows a 360° horizontal field of view and a limited vertical field of view. Panoramas in this projection are meant to be viewed as though the image is wrapped into a cylinder and viewed from within. When viewed on a 2D plane, horizontal lines appear curved while vertical lines remain straight. Vertical distortion increases rapidly when nearing the top of the panosphere. There are various other cylindrical formats, such as Mercator and Miller cylindrical which have less distortion near the poles of the panosphere.

Spherical
Spherical projection or equirectangular projection — which is strictly speaking another cylindrical projection — where the stitched image shows a 360° horizontal by 180° vertical field of view i.e. the whole sphere. Panoramas in this projection are meant to be viewed as though the image is wrapped into a sphere and viewed from within. When viewed on a 2D plane, horizontal lines appear curved as in a cylindrical projection, while vertical lines remain vertical.

Panini
Since a panorama is basically a map of a sphere, various other mapping projections from cartographers can also be used if so desired. Additionally there are specialized projections which may have more aesthetically pleasing advantages over normal cartography projections such as Hugin's Panini projection - named after Italian vedutismo painter Giovanni Paolo Panini - or PTgui's Vedutismo projection. Different projections may be combined in same image for fine tuning the final look of the output image.

Stereographic
Stereographic projection or fisheye projection can be used to form a little planet panorama by pointing the virtual camera straight down and setting the field of view large enough to show the whole ground and some of the areas above it; pointing the virtual camera upwards creates a tunnel effect. Conformality of the stereographic projection may produce more visually pleasing result than equal area fisheye projection as discussed in the stereo-graphic projection's article.

Artifacts
The use of images not taken from the same place (on a pivot about the entrance pupil of the camera) can lead to parallax errors in the final product. When the captured scene features rapid movement or dynamic motion, artifacts may occur as a result of time differences between the image segments. "Blind stitching" through feature-based alignment methods (see autostitch), as opposed to manual selection and stitching, can cause imperfections in the assembly of the panorama.

Software
Dedicated programs include Autostitch, Hugin, Ptgui, Panorama Tools, Microsoft Research Image Composite Editor and CleVR Stitcher. Many other programs can also stitch multiple images; a popular example is Adobe Systems' Photoshop, which includes a tool known as Photomerge and, in the latest versions, the new Auto-Blend. Other programs such as VideoStitch make it possible to stitch videos, and Vahana VR enables real-time video stitching. Image Stitching module for QuickPHOTO microscope software enables to interactively stitch together multiple fields of view from microscope using camera's live view. It can be also used for manual stitching of whole microscopy samples.

title: Image stitching


text: User talk:195.194.195.11

title: User talk:195.194.195.11


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Joseph Montferrand

Joseph "Jos" Montferrand (born Joseph Favre ; October 25, 1802 – October 4, 1864) was a French-Canadian logger, strongman, and folk hero of the working man and was the inspiration for the legendary Ottawa Valley figure Big Joe Mufferaw.

Life
Joseph Favre, dit Montferrand, was born in the St. Lawrence district of Montreal in 1802. The family men were known for their strength and powerful build. Joe was 6 ft tall with blue eyes and fair hair. Although he was mild in manner and appearance, he could more than hold his own in a street fight. He successfully challenged several famed boxers during his youth. He came to fame as a result of a challenge issued at a boxing match in the Champ de Mars, Montreal. Two English-speaking boxers had just fought for the championship. The organizers then asked if there was anyone in the crowd who wished to challenge the champion of Canada. The 16-year-old Montferrand stepped into the ring and, with one punch, felled the champion. News of the surprising event spread quickly.

At the age of 21, he joined the Hudson's Bay Company as a voyageur. In 1827, he began work as a logger on the Rivière du Nord in Lower Canada and then moved to the upper Ottawa River. The loggers felled trees over the winter, drove the logs down the river, and eventually arrived at Quebec City. Montferrand would also briefly have a stint in the United States, working for the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company in Manchester, New Hampshire. Montferrand spent the remainder of his working years in the lumber trade in the Outaouais. There was ongoing animosity between Anglophones and Francophones and frequent fights between English-, Irish-, and French-Canadian loggers. Montferrand's prowess with his fists and boots was legendary in avenging the wrongs to which he and his compatriots were subjected. Montferrand defended French-Canadian workers against gangs of Irish immigrants known as "Shiners" in the Bytown area. After 1840, he mainly worked the log drives as foreman and retired in 1857. In his later years, he had back and joint pain. He died in Montreal in 1864, aged 61, and was interred at the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery.

Legacy

Montferrand's legendary nickname, Big Joe Mufferaw (also sometimes spelled Muffero, Muffera, Muffraw), is believed to be a result of English speakers mispronouncing "Montferrand" phonetically. He was already a legitimate folk hero in his own time, but his reputation grew into the mythical hero when exaggerated tales were told about him. Like Paul Bunyan, he became the subject of many similar tall tales. Mufferaw is sometimes enlisted as a defender of oppressed French-Canadian loggers in the days that their bosses were English-Canadians and their rivals at work were Irish-Canadian criminals. In one story, Big Joe was in a Montreal bar, and a British army major named Jones was freely insulting French-Canadians. After Big Joe beat the major, he bellowed, "Any more insults for the Canadians?" Some Mufferaw tales take place in the Northeastern United States.

The French-Canadian writer Benjamin Sulte told this man's story in a 1884 book. He is also the subject of a chapter in Joan Finnigan's 1981 book Giants of the Ottawa Valley and her 1983 book Look! The Land Is Growing Giants. Bernie Bedore of Arnprior also wrote several books that recount Joe's adventures.

Stompin' Tom Connors made him the hero of a 1970 song.

A statue of Joe Mufferaw was erected outside the Mattawa Museum in Mattawa, Ontario, during the spring of 2005. Carved by local carving artist Peter Cianafrani, it was his last statue before he died later that spring. A plaque commemorating his name sits at the base of the statue. Montferrand was also the inspiration for the Big Joe mascot of the Ottawa Redblacks CFL team.

title: Joseph Montferrand


text:
Clydesdale

Clydesdale may refer to:

Animals

 * Clydesdale horse, a breed of horse originating in the county of that name
 * Budweiser Clydesdales, a group of Clydesdale horses used in Anheuser-Busch promotions
 * Clydesdale terrier, or Paisley terrier, a breed of dog.

Scotland

 * Clydesdale, or Lanarkshire, a traditional Scottish county.
 * Clydesdale (district), former government district in Strathclyde, Scotland (1975–1996)
 * Clydesdale (UK Parliament constituency), a former constituency of the House of Commons (1983–2005)
 * Clydesdale (Scottish Parliament constituency)
 * Used in the name of four wards of South Lanarkshire Council:
 * Clydesdale East (ward)
 * Clydesdale North (ward)
 * Clydesdale South (ward)
 * Clydesdale West (ward)

Elsewhere

 * Clydesdale, Victoria, a locality in Australia
 * Clydesdale, Nova Scotia, a community in Canada
 * Clydesdale, KwaZulu-Natal, a town in Sisonke District Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Sports

 * Clydesdale F.C., a former football club in Glasgow (1872–1881)
 * Clydesdale RFC, Glasgow, a former rugby union club
 * Clydesdale RFC, South Lanarkshire, a rugby union club
 * Clydesdale Cricket Club, a cricket club in Glasgow
 * Clydesdale Harriers, an athletics club in Clydebank
 * Clydesdale Amateur Rowing Club, a rowing club in Glasgow
 * Toowoomba Clydesdales, an Australian rugby league team that takes its name from the horse breed

Businesses

 * Clydesdale Bank
 * Clydesdale (retailer), a defunct Scottish electrical retailer
 * Clydesdale Junction Railway, former railway operator

People

 * Alec Clydesdale (1875–1947), Australian politician
 * David T. Clydesdale (born 1954), American musician
 * Marquess of Clydesdale, title of the eldest son of the Duke of Hamilton

Other uses

 * Clydesdale (1819 ship), built in Quebec, Canada
 * Synod of Clydesdale, a Synod of the Church of Scotland
 * The Clydesdale, an American alt country band
 * Magnolia Dusty Clydesdale and Col. T. R. Clydesdale, fictional characters in the film The Apple Dumpling Gang

title: Clydesdale


text:
Ronald Collet Norman

Ronald Collet Norman JP (15 November 1873 – 5 December 1963) was a banker, administrator and politician. He was chairman of the Board of Governors of the BBC from 1935 to 1939 and of the London County Council from 1918 to 1919.

Biography
Norman was the son of Frederick Norman of the Norman family, long prominent in banking. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge (MA 1901 ).

In March 1900, he was appointed an assistant private secretary (unpaid) to the (Conservative) Under-Secretary of State for War, George Wyndham.

In 1907 he was elected to the London County Council as a Municipal Reformer. From 1918 to 1919 he served as chairman and was an alderman of the council from 1922 to 1934. He served as the vice-chairman of the National Trust during the 1930s, but he declined the chairmanship, because he was not "a great landowner". He placed the Trust's finance committee on a more professional footing; it subsequently fell to his son Mark Norman to chair that committee through the difficult economic circumstances of the 1970s. From 1933 to 1935 he served as vice-chairman of the BBC, and was chairman from 1935 to April, 1939.

Descendants
Norman married Lady Florence Sibell Bridgeman (1877–1959), a daughter of the 4th Earl of Bradford. They had three sons and one daughter:
 * 1) Brigadier Hugh Norman (1905–1979); father of
 * 2) Patricia Norman (b. 27 May 1940), former wife of Henry Colum Crichton-Stuart and now wife of the 3rd Baron Kindersley;
 * 3) Mark Norman (1910–1994), a successful merchant banker;
 * 4) David Norman
 * 5) Isabella Julia Norman is married to Timothy Nicholas Sean Knatchbull, a descendant of Queen Victoria through her great-grandson Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma.
 * 6) Sibyl Margaret Norman (1908–2010) who married 1stly Archibald Edward Cubitt (16 January 1901 – 13 Feb 1972); they had issue, 1 son and 1 surviving daughter.
 * 7) (Mark) Robin Cubitt (13 June 1936 – 1991), who was father of three sons, including
 * 8) Mark Edward Cubitt, 5th Baron Ashcombe (b. 29 February 1964)
 * 9) Priscilla Cubitt (b. 30 May 1941) is the third wife of the 11th Earl of Harrington, and they are parents of
 * 10) Lady Isabella Stanhope, wife of the 7th Earl Cawdor.
 * 11) Richard Norman (1917–1994) who married an Anglo-Spanish aristocrat, descended from the Bourbon duques de Marchena (Dukes of Marchena) themselves descended morganatically from Spanish kings.

Family connections
Through the Bridgemans, the Normans descended from Ronald Collet Norman and Lady Florence are thus related to several prominent English and Scottish aristocrats including the Duke of Gloucester (whose maternal grandmother was a sister of Lady Florence Norman), the 7th Marquess of Salisbury (whose maternal great-grandmother was another sister), the 9th Duke of Buccleuch (whose paternal grandmother, shared with the Duke of Gloucester, was a sister of Lady Florence), and so forth.

His brother Montagu Norman, became a long-serving governor of the Bank of England and was elevated to the peerage as the 1st Baron Norman (but that title is now extinct, Lord Norman having had no issue). Both their grandfathers were directors.

title: Ronald Collet Norman


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Famous Nairs

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Wikiacc (talk) 20:52, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

List of Famous Nairs
Lot of unverified entries, Promotes casteism. (nominated by 59.93.35.216)

 * Can the nominator please sign the nomination and explain the problem a bit more ? Would you also suggest deleting entries like List of famous Jews, or are you only against caste ? Tintin 11:31, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree with Tintin. Please be more specific. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  12:30, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: weren't castes abolished? If so, the list shouldn't the list only have historical names? -- Kjkolb 14:51, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * They are not abolished. They are very much around. Even the government provides reservation of jobs and seats in educational institutions for some castes, in a way similar to the affirmative action in USA. Tintin
 * Comment: When the Constitution of India was adopted on January 26, 1950, it abolished the caste system and guaranteed equality to all citizens." So, I guess they are giving the jobs to those who would have been in the lower castes. Since castes are outlawed, only tradition is keeping it intact. Wikipedia should not help in its preservation. Only historical names should be added, if it isn't deleted altogether. It's not the same as different ethnicities because ethnicities are not defined in terms of superiority, like castes are. It's having a list of people who are considered better/more clean than these other people. -- Kjkolb 09:53, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This leads me to ask a question, please excuse my ignorance. If castes are outlawed, how do we know what castes these folks "would have been in"?  I'm worried that this list, although notable, might be unverifiable. --best, kevin  · · · Kzollman | Talk · · · 15:51, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I have added my reply at the end. Tintin 17:49, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep, wikipedia users should be able to find examples of famous people from this caste. The problem of unverified entries can be solved by verifying or removing them. Does list of African Americans promote racism? Kappa 15:16, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, rename to List of Nairs, according to the custom here. mikka (t) 23:21, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and rename as per mikka. --best, kevin  · · · Kzollman | Talk · · · 01:43, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Kappa. --Jacquelyn Marie 03:56, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Kappa Denni ☯ 04:38, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Comments

 * I'll try to address the comments of kjkolb and Kzollman here :

 * To kjkolb : I doubt about the validity of your statement about the Indian constitution (Nichalp should be able to confirm it one way or the other). What the constitution says will make little difference in what people do in this aspect anyway. It is also nonsensical to outlaw caste and then allow reservation on its basis. What the constitution has outlawed is probably only discrimination based on caste.

 * As wikipedia editors, we should be bothered only about recording things as they stand. It is not for us either to pass judgement, or do anything either to preserve or eradicate it.

 * Castes are a fact, whether we like it or not. In my personal experience, its influence has increased considerably in the last 15 years or so, when compared to the time when I was a schoolboy. Every political party tries to appease certain castes and draws heavily on caste based votes. A significant percentage of the parties are formed on the basis of caste alone.

 * To Kzollman : Nairs use some distinct surnames like Nair (obviously), Menon, Pillai, Panicker etc. So if someone or any of his relatives has that surname, it can be considered a valid entry. Some of the doubtful entries were discussed in the talk page; there are 10-20 entries which I am still not sure about. The list also contains too many unimportant people who need to be removed.

 * PS : I am not a Nair, btw ;-) Tintin 17:49, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Tintin, thank you. My concerns are aleviated, and I'll leave my keep vote above. --best, kevin  · · · Kzollman | Talk · · · 17:59, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I understand and agree somewhat. I know that Wikipedia isn't for changing society, but I'm concerned that by continuing to recognize castes as valid, it is not being neutral, either. In its very small way, it is helping to perpetuate castes. I think the article describing the Indian caste system is sufficient and neutral. It could say that it is being followed increasingly in recent years, but a list of people in a caste seems like celebrating and taking pride in it. It would be totally different if this had to do with ethnicity, but castes make value judgments on the people within them, some of them very bad, some good, but all undeserved. I'm sure there are a few who take pride in being called an "untouchable", but most people probably don't want to be known for it. It is something to be ashamed of and according to the Dalit article, some of them hide their caste/non-caste. It's about as attractive as being on a list of "mud people", a term some use to describe non-whites. -- Kjkolb 05:20, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll resist the temptation to give my personal views on the subject and just say that I generally agree with you, but consider this as just a list of trivia. I wouldn't take my time start one of this kind but now that it is here I have no problem with it staying on. It is not interesting, but hopefully someone will find it useful. Tintin 14:38, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Will Prakash Karat tolerate him being listed in this casteist page ? Many people cannot tolerate their names being identified with caste? My name is in this list and I don't like it. Please take permission of the concerned persons before adding to this list

 * If your name is really on the list, the first thing I have to say is that we are very glad to have you with us !

 * I disagree with your comments that the editors should not add things that the subject of the article may not agree with. If the subject is notable and the facts are verifiable it belongs here. Karat is certainly famous. It can be verified that his parents are Nairs. Whether he likes it or not, he is/was a Nair and is atleast a 'former Nair'.

 * What certainly can be done to make it accurate is to add a comment about this 'former' aspect in the description, or move Karat and such others to a seperate section with an appropriate title. I'll add a comment about this in the talk page of the article for the regular editors.

 * If you think this page should be deleted, you are welcome to vote.

 * While we are it, if you are a regular wiki reader, I wonder whether you would like to contribute to the Kerala sections. There are hardly any articles that come up to scratch and we are way behind Tamil in terms of the quality of the articles. Tintin 15:05, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Brett Mason

Brett John Mason (born 5 March 1962) is an Australian former politician and diplomat. He was a Liberal/Liberal National of Queensland member of the Australian Senate from 1 July 1999 to 15 April 2015, representing the state of Queensland. Mason was the Australian Ambassador to the Netherlands from September 2015 to August 2018.

Education
Mason completed BA and LLB(Hons) degrees at the Australian National University, an MPhil degree in International Relations at Trinity Hall, University of Cambridge, and a PhD degree at Griffith University.

Parliamentary career
Following Mason's entry into the Senate in 1999, he was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Health and Ageing in the Howard government from 21 March 2007 to 3 December 2007, and appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Abbott government from 18 September 2013 to 23 December 2014.

Along with senators Mitch Fifield and Mathias Cormann, Mason was one of the first to resign from the Coalition front bench in 2009 over the Shadow Cabinet's decision to support Kevin Rudd's ETS.

On 24 March 2015, Mason announced he intended to resign from the Senate prior to the parliament's budget sittings in May. He resigned on 15 April 2015. The casual vacancy resulting from his resignation was filled by the appointment of Joanna Lindgren on 21 May 2015.

Diplomatic career
On 21 April 2015, six days after his resignation from the Senate, Foreign Minister Julie Bishop announced that Mason would be appointed as Australia's ambassador to the Netherlands, replacing Neil Mules in mid-2015. Mason presented his credentials in the Netherlands on 2 September 2015. He completed his posting in August 2018.

In June 2018 Mason was appointed the chair of the National Library of Australia's Library Council, commencing on 9 August 2018.

Honours

 * Humanitarian Overseas Service Medal, 2003.

title: Brett Mason


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis
Partial self-nomination. This is an article we've worked on at the Medicine Collaboration of the Week, and the topic certainly merits a featured-standard article. It has been nominated before. We've been working hard on this article and feel it has improved significantly. All the objections from the previous nomination have been addressed. --WS 10:46, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Objct. While there is much in this article that is very good, I found the opening paragraphs too technical: they read as if written by medical experts for medical experts. While the use of jargon is an ongoing problem with all medical articles, I found it a little disappointing because further down in the article this problem is handled far better, & often successfully. But if these paragraphs are re-written to solve this, & perhaps a few other tweaks made to the body of the article, I'd be happy to support this article. -- llywrch 17:48, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * That is probably due to the fact that most of the article has been written by medical doctors and students :-) I simplified the first paragraph a little, added some more explanations, especially about myelin and I think most of the lead must be clear and not too difficult to read now. Do you think it needs more changes? It would be a great help if someone with a non-medical background would have a look at it. What tweaks would you like to see done to the body of the article? --WS 18:20, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I've rewritten the lead and would be interested in your thoughts on it. Also, if you had specifics which could be addressed in the body we would love to work on them. :) InvictaHOG 00:45, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Maybe it would be better if, from simply reading the first paragraph, the casual, non-medical reader, could get an idea of the concrete consequences of that illness, before going on to explain demyelinisation. David.Monniaux 08:23, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I've redone the introduction to place clinical manifestations and outcomes before pathophysiology. Let us know if this is more appropriate. InvictaHOG 12:47, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The article is very interesting... but, shouldn't the prognosis before the treatment? (Also,n beware of jargon in titles. Not everybody may know what a "prognosis" is.) David.Monniaux 22:02, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * As per our template in the clinical medicine project we list prognosis after treatment, since response to treatment often affects the prognosis. However, if you think that things would be better in a different order, feel free to come discuss changing the template in more detail! InvictaHOG 02:32, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Support — I really do like this article, and found it very easy to read. I would like to congratulate all who have worked on it. This article deserves featured article status. I would like to encourage the contributors to engage on a scavenger hunt for more pictures, though. The long chunks of text, even though they are very well written, could do with a little descriptive decoration. --Gareth Hughes 13:42, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I've added two images InvictaHOG 02:32, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Object. The image Image:MS inflammation.jpg has no source or copyright information. --Carnildo 20:00, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * How embarrassing. It has been removed pending confirmation. I've added an image and am working on another - I agree it would be nice to have more!

 * Support. Immense improvement. Very realistic as to how much the casual reader will comprehend. Should be featured. JFW | T@lk  02:08, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. It is well-written and has improved much. *drew 02:56, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Please use 'MS' on every occasion after you introduce this abbreviation at the top. Spell out numbers less than 10. Consistent approach to the placement of reference numbers is required. There must be a space after each. If you have to have a space before, insert a non-breaking space to avoid overhang. Tony 14:13, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I have replaced the numbers and fixed the reference links. I kept the first mention of multiple sclerosis in each section and replaced the rest with MS. Thanks for the help! InvictaHOG 17:09, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Support OmegaWikipedia 12:49, 15 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
Ami Argand

François-Pierre-Amédée Argand, known as Ami Argand (5 July 1750 – 14 or 24 October 1803 ) was a Genevan physicist and chemist. He invented the Argand lamp, a great improvement on the traditional oil lamp.

Early life and education
Francois-Pierre-Amédée Argand was born in Geneva, Republic of Geneva, the ninth of ten children. His father was a watchmaker, who intended for him to enter the clergy. However, he had an aptitude more for science, and became a pupil of the noted botanist and meteorologist Horace-Bénédict de Saussure. He published several scientific papers on meteorological subjects while in Paris in his late twenties. He took a teaching post in chemistry and developed some ideas for improving the distillation of wine into brandy, and, with his brother, successfully built a large distillery.

Career
During this period, in 1780, he started to invent improvements on the conventional oil lamp. The basic idea was to have a cylindrical wick which air could flow through and around, increasing the intensity of the light produced. A cylindrical chimney enhanced the air flow and a series of experiments gave the proportions for optimum operation. A mechanism for raising and lowering the wick allowed some adjustment and optimization as well. The light was much brighter than a candle (by a factor of five to ten), burned cleanly, and was cheaper than using candles.

In 1783, Argand met Montgolfier brothers Jacques-Étienne and Joseph-Michel in France and became closely involved with his sensational experiments to devise a hot air balloon. When he was there, his acquaintance Antoine-Aroult Quinquet, to whom he had shown an early prototype, began to manufacture the lamps himself, with minor change, and successfully fought a protracted legal battle for patent infringement.

Many problems attended the successful development of a lamp that could be a commercial success. Argand experimented with all of them, searching for practical compromises. The design manufacture of the wick was solved by a lacemaker. The type of glass to use next to the hot flame was a problem eventually solved. All available types of oil to use were tested, and methods to purify them for use were the subject of a number of experiments. Whale oil was eventually settled on, which eventually created an important new industry. The mechanism for holding the wick and moving it up and down went through many variations. Even the solder used to fabricate the oil reservoir was a problem when it was discovered that the soft solder joints leaked. The invention of the lamp did not consist, then, of only one invention, but rather of the improvement and development of a complete system of parts all working together, not unlike Edison's invention of the electrical lighting system that was to again revolutionize lighting over a century later.

In October of the same year, he determined to manufacture his lamp, in England. He eventually formed a partnership with William Parker and Matthew Boulton to manufacture the lamp. In 1784, he received a patent for his design. Argand also formed a close relationship with James Watt who performed some experiments on the lamp's efficiency and advised him on waging his court battles.

The demand for the lamps was high, and the partners had many difficulties at first in manufacturing them, but they eventually became the standard source of illumination in homes and shops. Many imitators and improvers evolved new variations, and thousands of shops sprang up to produce them in the next decades. They were eventually displaced by the kerosene lamp in about 1850.

The invention of the lamp was not, in the end, profitable for Argand.

Illness and death
He contracted malaria and suffered from it for twenty years before dying in Geneva at age 53.

title: Ami Argand


text:
Talk:Creighton Preparatory School

Rivalry
Westside Highschool

Jesuit Education
i see no need for this section. if someone wants to find out about it, they can go to the section of the article of Jesuits

Talk
I was surprised to see Gutzon Borglum listed as an alum. What support is there for this assertion? --TheJeffMiller 10:41, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

"In 1884, when Gutzon was sixteen, the family moved to Los Angeles. His father, unhappy in California, soon returned to Nebraska, but Gutzon stayed behind." - http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rushmore/peopleevents/p_gborglum.html Although he may have attended the school, he certainly couldn't have graduated by age 16, and isn't an alumnist. --jakealator 11:52, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

As your own source says, though, Borglum "liked to tinker with his own legend, subtracting a few years from his age, changing the story of his parentage." PBS's study is based on one archival document. According to the state of Nebraska (http://www.nde.state.ne.us/SS/notables/borglum.html), Borglum "moved in 1874 from Idaho to Fremont at the age of seven. Educated in Fremont and Omaha, Borglum showed an early aptitude for sketching." This account completely contradicts the PBS report. Again, according to the Encyclopaedia Brittanica (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9080743), Borglum "was raised from age seven in Nebraska." The state of Nebraska's website offers further insight: He stayed in Nebraska at least until he was 23, when J.L. Brandeis purchased his painting "Staging in California" at an Omaha art show; it was later donated to the Joslyn Museum. Sometime after this, he studied in San Francisco, where George W. Lininger sent him to Europe. This time frame, keeping him in Omaha until 1890, then gives him over 10 years to study in San Francisco and Paris, which is all anyone ever claims he did before 1901, when he moved to New York. No other story can explain how that painting could have gotten into the Joslyn; indeed, PBS claims he was in Europe at the time! It is certainly possible that he attended and graduated from Creighton College in all of these sources. Jeannie Brayman, a member of the Creighton Prep Hall of Fame and educator at Prep for nearly 25 years, was my first connection to the possibility that Borglum is an alumnus; I don't know her source, though. If this isn't enough for you, then take him back off, but there is no basis to end the claim entirely. --aekarn 16:57, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

Additional Information
I would like to see more information on the academics of the school. Such as mentions of block scheduling and maybe the curriculum. I think that the concept of community period should also be mentioned because it was fairly specific to Prep. Also, I didn't see anywhere that mentioned tuition, additionally the statistics of students who are receiving financial aid. I would appreciate the addition of these facts because the article is so focused on athletics I think that balancing it with academics would do it justice. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pcswim2019 (talk • contribs) 20:03, 4 October 2015 (UTC)

Controversy section
Okay, we need to avoid another edit war. While this section does reflect poorly on the school, to remove it is not appropriate behavior simply because of this. These were high profile incidents that occurred in 2014 and 2018, therefore, they do have enough relevance to remain on the page. If you have objections to this inclusion, state them here, otherwise this will remain part of the article from here on out. Mac507 (talk) 07:03, 25 February 2019 (UTC)

 * I have not looked at those particular incidents, but there are certainly many problems with the way Creighton Preparatory School was written. Quotes from an individual that are presented as official Board statements, quotes from an article someone wrote reflecting on having been asked to speak to faculty at his former school presented as what he actually said to the faculty, cherry-picked quotes, unsourced claims, etc. I'll be looking at the rest of the controversies for similar problems once I finish with this. Meters (talk) 06:33, 8 August 2021 (UTC)
 * The earlier incident was even worse. Meters (talk) 06:42, 8 August 2021 (UTC)
 * I've removed a chunk of the Creighton Prep Birdcage section too. This was clearly being slanted to make the school look bad. Unsourced claims, cherry-picked quotes that are taken out of context, a major reference that barely mentions this school, etc. I am not impressed. Meters (talk) 06:56, 8 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Creighton Preparatory School


text:
Harry Champion

William Henry Crump (17 April 1865 – 14 January 1942), better known by the stage name Harry Champion, was an English music hall composer, singer and comedian, whose onstage persona appealed chiefly to the working class communities of East London. His best-known recordings include "Boiled Beef and Carrots" (1909), "I'm Henery the Eighth, I Am" (1910), "Any Old Iron" (1911) and "A Little Bit of Cucumber" (1915).

Champion was born in Bethnal Green, East London. He made his stage debut at the age of 17 at the Royal Victoria Music Hall in Old Ford Road, Bethnal Green, in July 1882. He initially appeared as Will Conray and went on to appear in small music halls in the East End. In 1887 he changed his stage name to Harry Champion and started to perform in other parts of London where he built up a wide repertoire of songs. His trademark style was singing at a fast tempo and often about the joys of food.

After more than four decades on the stage, Champion took early retirement after the death of his wife in 1928, but returned two years later to appear on radio, gaining a new, much younger audience as a result. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, music hall entertainment had made a brief comeback, and Champion, like other performers of the genre, returned to performing. By the early 1940s he was in ill health, and died just a month after being admitted to a nursing home in 1942.

Early years, as Will Conray
Champion was born William Henry Crump on 17 April 1865 at 4 Turk Street, Bethnal Green, London, the son of Henry Crump, a master cabinet maker, and his wife, Matilda Crump, née Watson. He had one brother and one sister. Few details are known about Champion's early life, as he was notoriously secretive. When he was 15, he became an apprentice to a boot clicker and soon developed an interest in music hall entertainment.

Champion made his debut at the Royal Victoria Music Hall in Old Ford Road, Bethnal Green, in July 1882, as "Will Conray, comic". He appeared in minor music halls of London's East End, where he was described as a "comic, character vocalist, character comic and dancer". In 1883 he developed a blackface act in which he sang plantation songs. Local success led him to venture into other parts of the capital in the early part of 1886.

Later in 1886, Champion introduced a new act entitled From Light to Dark, in which he appeared alternately in black and whiteface. The following year he changed his stage name from Will Conray to Harry Champion. When asked about the origin of the name, Champion stated: "Somebody gave it to me. It was all through a dislike the manager of the Marylebone took to me. I went on tour for a bit. When I came back, he told my agent he'd have nothing to do with me. "Right", said the agent, "but you might give a new man his chance." "Who is he?" asked the manager, and then and there my agent baptised me "Harry Champion" and came and told me afterwards."

As Harry Champion
In 1889, Champion gave up the blackface part of his act. He bought the performing rights to the song "I'm Selling up the 'Appy 'Ome" which brought him newfound fame. The song is noted for being one of the first songs associated with his name. His popularity widened, and he made his West End theatre debut at the Tivoli in September 1890. Encores of his now famous song, "I'm Selling up the 'Appy 'Ome", were often accompanied with a hornpipe dance, which Champion performed. Champion followed this up with "When the Old Dun Cow Caught Fire" (written and composed by Harry Wincott), which he introduced into his act in 1893.

By the mid-1890s, he had many songs in his repertory, and he was in demand from audiences. The Entr'Acte wrote, "Champion is a comic singer who is endowed with genuine humour, which is revealed in his several songs, of which the audience never seems to get enough". His earliest known recording success was in 1896 with "In the World Turned Upside Down", followed by "Down Fell the Pony in a Fit" in 1897. In 1898 Champion ceased his style of alternating songs and patter and instead adopted a quick fire delivery in order for him to perform as many songs as he could during his act. He retained this style of delivery for the remainder of his career, remarking, "At one time I used to sing songs with plenty of patter but I changed the style for a new idea of my own, and started "quick singing". I think I am the only comedian who sings songs all in a lump, as you may say".

Champion's popularity was at its highest from 1910 to 1915. It was within this period that he introduced four of his best-known songs. "Boiled Beef and Carrots" was first published in 1909 and was composed by Charles Collins and Fred Murray. The song depicts the joys of the well known Cockney dish of the same name which was eaten frequently in London's East End community at the turn of the 20th century. "I'm Henery the Eighth, I Am" was written for Champion by Fred Murray and R. P. Weston in 1910. The song is a playful reworking of the life and times of Henry VIII, in this case not the monarch, but the eighth husband of the "widow next door. She'd been married seven times before." "Any Old Iron" was written for Champion by Charles Collins, E.A. Sheppard and Fred Terry in 1911. The song is about a man who inherits an old watch and chain. Champion later recorded it on the EMI label on 29 October 1935 and was accompanied by the London Palladium Orchestra. The song has often been covered by fellow artistes including Stanley Holloway and Peter Sellers. "A Little Bit of Cucumber" was written by the composer T. W. Conner and was first performed by Champion in 1915. The song is about a working-class man who enjoys eating cucumbers. He later compares them to other types of food, before eventually deciding that it is cucumber he prefers. Champion later took part in the first Royal Variety Performance at The Palace Theatre in 1912.

Other performances of note included "What a Mouth" (1906), "Everybody Knows Me in Me Old Brown Hat" and "Beaver" (both from 1922).

First World War and music hall decline
The titles of many of Champion's songs, supplied mainly by professional writers, centred around various types of food, consumed, chiefly by the working class community of East London. Food became an essential part of his repertory, so much so that during the First World War, a plate of boiled beef and carrots was known as "an 'arry Champion". Champion also sang about cucumbers, pickled onions, piccalilli, saveloys, trotters, cold pork and baked sheep's heart, all basic elements in a Cockney's diet.

With the outbreak of the First World War, traditional music hall entertainment declined in comparison with the new genre, variety. In 1915 Champion recorded "Grow some Taters", which was adopted by the British government's wartime publicity organisation to encourage the home growing of vegetables. However, by 1918 Champion, like a lot of performers from the music hall era, found their careers on the decline and he was forced into retirement in 1920.

North London Coaches
Champion's main business interest away from the stage included the ownership of a successful business hiring out horse drawn Broughams to fellow performers. This evolved into a coach business in the late 1920s which became known as Horseshoe Coaches (WH Crump and sons). The business was later sold and renamed North London Coaches. Upon the outbreak of World War II, the fleet of vehicles was commandeered for the war effort by the British government.

1930s revival
During the Great Depression of the 1930s, music hall entertainment made a comeback and Champion like other performers of the music hall genre, returned to performing and enjoyed popularity throughout the 1930s. Troupes of veterans were much in demand in the 1930s and Lew Lake's Variety, 1906–1931—Stars who Never Failed to Shine went on tour throughout the country early in the decade with Champion as a leading member. Critics hailed Champion as a success stating "He almost brought the house down with three of his typical ditties".

In 1932, Champion appeared at the royal variety performance with other representatives of old style music hall, including Vesta Victoria, Fred Russell and Marie Kendall. That same year he returned to the London Palladium, where he sang "Any Old Iron" and had some success. Further royal variety performance appearances took place again at the Palladium in 1935 and at the London Coliseum in 1938, and he was seen in the successful London Rhapsody with the Crazy Gang at the Palladium in 1937 and 1938.

Champion decided not to try anything new because he recognised the fact that audiences liked the nostalgia surrounding his act. On stage, his appearance did not change. He was the embodiment of the spirit of the poorer parts of London, wearing shabby, ill-fitting clothes, old work boots and a frayed top hat. One critic noted "Like music hall itself, Harry Champion was of the people, he expressed the tastes of practically all his listeners, even those who would not openly admit it and in World War 2 he sang to troops who found him a splendid tonic".

Personal life
On 30 November 1889, at St Peter's Church, Hackney, Champion married Sarah Potteweld (1869–1928), who accompanied him on many of his tours. They had three sons and a daughter. In 1914, Champion moved from the east end to 520 West Green Road, South Tottenham. Towards the later part of his life he lived at 161 Great Cambridge Road, Tottenham. By late 1941, exhaustion had forced him into a nursing home, at 20 Devonshire Place, St Marylebone, London. He died there on 14 January 1942 and was buried with his wife (who had predeceased him on 24 January 1928) in St Marylebone cemetery, East Finchley, on 24 January 1942.

Partial discography

 * "A Little Bit of Cucumber" (1915)
 * "Any Old Iron"
 * "Best that Money Can Buy" ( September 1931)
 * "Boiled Beef and Carrots" (January 1910)
 * "Cockney Bill of London Town" (May 1916)
 * "Cover it Over Quick Jemima" (January 1911)
 * "I'm Henery the Eighth, I Am" (January 1910) (signature tune/song)
 * "I'm proud of my old bald head" (December 1911)
 * "Old Red Lion" (April 1909)
 * "You don't want to keep on showing it" (January 1910)
 * "You ought to see the Missus in a Harem skirt" (March 1911)
 * "Don't do it again Matilda" (May 1910)
 * "Ginger You're Barmy" (May 1910)

 * "Never let your braces dangle" (August 1910)
 * "Let's have a basin of soup" (January 1911)
 * "Standard Bread" (March 1911)
 * "I'm getting ready for my Mother-in-Law" (December 1911)
 * "The Old Dun Cow caught fire" (December 1911)
 * "Home made sausages" (July 1912)
 * "Ragtime Ragshop" (January/February 1915)
 * "I'm William the Conqueror" (January/February 1915)
 * "You can't help laughing can yer?" (September 1915)
 * "Doctor Shelley" (September 1915)
 * "Hey Diddle Diddle" (May 1916)
 * "Everybody knows me in my old brown hat" (March 1922)
 * "Best that money can buy" (June 1922)

Legacy and influence
Champion influenced many later variety artists and their acts. His songs are among some of the most popular Cockney songs ever recorded and are synonymous with people's interpretation of what Cockney humour is. "Any Old Iron" and "Boiled Beef and Carrots" are often used to illustrate a stereotype as perceived by non-cockney people.

In 1960 the actor and singer Stanley Holloway recorded an album entitled Down at the Old Bull and Bush, which included a cover of "Any Old Iron". In 1965 the pop group Hermans Hermits recorded a cover of the (retitled) song "I'm Henry VIII, I Am" for the album Hermits on Tour. Champion was mentioned twice in a 1969 episode of Dad's Army in the Series 3 episode "War dance", first when music is being selected and again when Lance Corporal Jones performs various impressions of music hall artistes of the pre-First World War era but says that he cannot do an impression of Champion.

"Ginger You're Barmy" which was the title of Champion's 1910 song was used as the title of a book written by the author (not to be confused with the actor of the same name) David Lodge in 1962. Chas and Dave were admirers of Champion and often emulated his style, incorporating it into their own acts. In 1984 they recorded "Harry was a Champion" in tribute to him. Actor John Rutland, long standing member of The Players Theatre London, frequently portrayed Harry Champion on the TV show The Good Old Days on BBC TV, with a chorus of singers from the Players Theatre Company and featured his songs at the Villiers Street theatre, home of The Players Theatre for many years.

On 18 November 2012, Champion's granddaughter appeared on the BBC television programme Antiques Roadshow from Falmouth, Cornwall showing a selection of Champion's music hall memorabilia which was valued upwards of £5000.

Folk Band Cosmotheka often performs the work of Champion in their act, finding particular notice in the 1970s and 1980s for "Don't do it again Matilda".

Notes and references
Notes

References

title: Harry Champion


text:
List of Grand Prix motorcycle racing World Riders' Champions

Grand Prix motorcycle racing is the premier championship of motorcycle road racing, which has been divided into four classes since the : MotoGP, Moto2, Moto3, and MotoE. Classes that have been discontinued include 350cc, 250cc, 125cc, and 50cc/80cc. The Grand Prix Road-Racing World Championship was established in 1949 by the sport's governing body, the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM), and is the oldest motorsport World Championship.

There were four classes when the championship started in 1949; 500cc, 350cc, 250cc and 125cc. The 50cc class was introduced in the 1962 season. Due to escalating costs that resulted in a number of manufacturers leaving the championship, the FIM limited the 50cc bikes to a single cylinder, the 125cc and 250cc bikes were limited to two cylinders and the 350cc and 500cc bikes were limited to four cylinders. The 350cc class was discontinued in 1982; two years later the 50cc class was replaced with an 80cc class, which was discontinued in 1989. In 2002, 990cc bikes replaced the 500cc bikes and the class was renamed as MotoGP. 600cc bikes replaced the 250cc bikes in the 2010 season, with the class re-branded as Moto2. In 2012, 250cc bikes replaced the 125cc bikes, with the class re-branded as Moto3, retiring the two-stroke bikes from Grand Prix motorcycle racing. MotoE was introduced in as a "World Cup" until  and thus statistics from that time span is not included here. MotoE gained World Championship status in.

Giacomo Agostini, with 15 victories, has won the most world championships. Ángel Nieto is second with 13 world championships and Valentino Rossi, Mike Hailwood and Carlo Ubbiali are third with 9 world championships. Agostini holds the record for the most victories in the 500cc/MotoGP and 350cc classes with eight and seven world championships respectively. Phil Read and Max Biaggi have won the most 250cc/Moto2 championships, with four victories each. Nieto won the most championships in the 125cc and 50cc/80cc classes with seven and six victories respectively.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Apel

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete, because neither a merge nor a redirect appear to be appropriate. Rob Church Talk 23:39, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Apel
This afd nomination was incomplete. Listing now. Retodon8's comment when tagging the page was "1 lone enemy has a page, whereas the specific game doesn't even have a page of its own? Please delete." While the specific game now redirects to Commander Keen, this won't work well in there, and if I remember correctly, there isn't really much more that can be written about this enemy. Delete. —Cryptic (talk) 10:43, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wikipedia does not need an article on every single creature in a computer game.-- Exir  Kamalabadi Esperanza  12:38, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge somewhere (List of creature in Commander Keen games maybe) or keep. Kappa 20:56, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Commander Keen. If it won't fit in there, just redirect it. --Apyule 06:22, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, one of the least notable creatures in the Commander Keen games, the name "Apel" isn't even mentioned in the game. Teklund 15:16, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Apel


text:
WRIR-LP

WRIR-LP 97.3 FM is an independent, all volunteer, nonprofit community public radio station licensed to Richmond, Virginia, serving Metro Richmond. It is the largest low power FM station of its kind in the United States. WRIR-LP is owned and operated by the Virginia Center for Public Press. The station's studios are located on West Broad Street and its transmitter is located northeast of downtown Richmond. WRIR-LP started broadcasting on January 1, 2005.

title: WRIR-LP


text:
Lionel Giles

Lionel Giles CBE (29 December 1875 – 22 January 1958) was a British sinologist, writer, and philosopher. Lionel Giles served as assistant curator at the British Museum and Keeper of the Department of Oriental Manuscripts and Printed Books. He is most notable for his 1910 translations of The Art of War by Sun Tzu and The Analects of Confucius.

Giles was the son of British diplomat and sinologist Herbert Giles.

Early life
Giles was born in Sutton, the fourth son of Herbert Giles and his first wife Catherine Fenn. Educated privately in Belgium (Liège), Austria (Feldkirch), and Scotland (Aberdeen), Giles studied Classics at Wadham College, Oxford, graduating BA in 1899.

The Art of War
The 1910 Giles translation of The Art of War succeeded British officer Everard Ferguson Calthrop's 1905 and 1908 translations, and refuted large portions of Calthrop's work. In the Introduction, Giles writes: "It is not merely a question of downright blunders, from which none can hope to be wholly exempt. Omissions were frequent; hard passages were willfully distorted or slurred over. Such offenses are less pardonable. They would not be tolerated in any edition of a Latin or Greek classic, and a similar standard of honesty ought to be insisted upon in translations from Chinese."

Sinology
Lionel Giles used the Wade-Giles romanisation method of translation, pioneered by his father Herbert. Like many sinologists in the Victorian and Edwardian eras, he was primarily interested in Chinese literature, which was approached as a branch of classics. Victorian sinologists contributed greatly to problems of textual transmission of the classics. The following quote shows Giles' attitude to the problem identifying the authors of ancient works like the Lieh Tzu, the Chuang Tzu and the Tao Te Ching: "The extent of the actual mischief done by this 'Burning of the Books' has been greatly exaggerated. Still, the mere attempt at such a holocaust gave a fine chance to the scholars of the later Han dynasty (A.D. 25-221), who seem to have enjoyed nothing so much as forging, if not the whole, at any rate portions, of the works of ancient authors. Some one even produced a treatise under the name of Lieh Tzu, a philosopher mentioned by Chuang Tzu, not seeing that the individual in question was a creation of Chuang Tzu's brain!"

Continuing to produce translations of Chinese classics well into the later part of his life, he was quoted by John Minford as having confessed to a friend that he was a "Taoist at heart, and I can well believe it, since he was fond of a quiet life, and was free of that extreme form of combative scholarship which seems to be the hall mark of most Sinologists."

Translations
The prodigious translations of Lionel Giles include the books of: Sun Tzu, Chuang Tzu, Lao Tzu, Mencius, and Confucius.

 * The Art of War (1910), originally published as The Art of War: The Oldest Military Treatise in the World
 * The Analects of Confucius (1910), also known as the Analects or The Sayings of Confucius
 * The Sayings of Lao Tzu and Taoist Teachings (1912), now known as the Tao Te Ching
 * The Book of Mencius (1942), originally published as Wisdom of the East
 * The Life of Ch'iu Chin and ''The Lament on the Lady of the Ch'in
 * A Gallery of Chinese Immortals (1948), excerpts from the Liexian Zhuan

title: Lionel Giles


text:
Talk:Cable telephony

[Untitled]
This is not what is generally understood by "digital telephony". Re-titling. -- The Anome 10:47, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Misleading information given here as disadvantages of cable telephony
I have once again removed some misinformation that was in this article pertaining to disadvantages to cable telephony. The text in question gives the impression to a reader that quality of cable telephony can be affected by high internet use or people watching HD programming. First off, the latter is totally false. Internet congestion is NOT affected by HD TV viewing in anyway on a cable system. HD TV programming over a cable system is on channels that are separate from the channels used to provision internet to users on a specific node. In DOCSIS, the channels used for internet traffic are different from those used by video channels. Secondly, The Packet Cable specification used by cable systems and their hardware specifies that cable telephony traffic communicates over a separate managed IP network and using QoS safeguards employing "priority delivery "on the cable system.

This article needs to be rewritten to give some quotes, possibly from a source like below: http://www.cablelabs.com/packetcable/primer/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Caseywor (talk • contribs) 21:14, 8 March 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cable telephony


text:
Whispering City

Whispering City (also known as Crime City) is a 1947 Canadian black-and-white film noir directed by Fedor Ozep and starring Paul Lukas, Mary Anderson, and Helmut Dantine. It was filmed on location in Quebec City and Montmorency Falls, Quebec, Canada in both English and French.

A French language version entitled La Forteresse, with different actors but with the same director, was made simultaneously.

Plot
Taking place in Quebec City, the film tells the story of a lawyer and a patron of the arts, Albert Frédéric, who, earlier in life, caused a murder and made it look like an accident for financial gain.

Later in life, a dying woman tells a reporter the tale of how she thinks the accident was actually murder. The young American reporter, Mary Roberts, begins investigating the case, unaware that the charming lawyer may be behind it all. Meanwhile, Michel Lacoste, a classical composer, who is supported by Frédéric, is having marriage troubles. Finally his wife kills herself and leaves the husband a note. Frédéric sneaks into the apartment, takes the note and convinces the man that he killed her in a drunken rage.

Michel, whose night was indeed blacked out by drink, can't remember anything. The lawyer then offers the composer a deal: kill reporter Mary Roberts in exchange for legal representation that will guarantee to get the younger man off the hook. The man, seeing no other choice, agrees reluctantly. The man and woman meet but he does not have the heart to kill her. The two begin to fall in love, gradually figure out that the lawyer is the real killer and set about a scheme to drive the lawyer into confessing to the crime.

Whispering City

 * Helmut Dantine as Michel Lacoste
 * Mary Anderson as Mary Roberts
 * Paul Lukas as Albert Frédéric
 * John Pratt as Edward Durant, editor
 * Mimi D'Estee as Renee Broncourt

La Forteresse

 * Paul Dupuis as Michel Lacoste
 * Nicole Germain as Marie Roberts
 * Jacques Auger as Albert Frédéric
 * Henri Letondal as Edward Durant
 * Armande Lebrun as Renée Brancourt
 * Lucie Poitras as Mother Superior
 * Mimi D'Estée as Blanche Lacoste

Production
Faced with the dilemma that the French market in Quebec was too small to support a self-sustaining film industry all by itself, while the language barrier between Quebec and the anglophone market in the rest of North America made it virtually impossible for a Quebec-produced film to pursue wider distribution, producer Paul L'Anglais tried to resolve the difficulty by producing Whispering City and La Forteresse as English and French versions of the same film. He opted to make the experiment a Hollywood-style thriller, set in the urban Quebec City market instead of the rural communities more typical of Quebec cinema in its era.

The film's $750,000 budget made it the most expensive film ever made in Canada as of that time, a title it retained until the early 1970s.

Release
The film was seen by over 100,000 people in Quebec over six weeks and was shown in Paris for three weeks.

Reception
Film critic Dennis Schwartz gave the film a mixed review, writing, "Watchable minor film noir, that is competently directed by Fyodor Otsep from a story by George Zuckerman and Michael Lennox. The acting by Paul Lukas and Helmut Dantine is far beyond what you would expect in such an inexpensive film. But the narrative has too many coincidental plot points to be believable, though the crisply told story is for the most part entertaining. The film is told in flashback by a tourist guide sleigh driver to two riders in Quebec City."

La Forteresse was more positively received in the Quebec market than Whispering City was among English audiences. Some critics who have viewed both films for comparison have asserted that La Forteresse is actually a better film, for various reasons including faster-paced editing and a greater expressiveness among the actors in the French cast; however, writer André Loiselle concluded that "what ultimately explains the success of La Forteresse and the failure of Whispering City are cultural rather than stylistic or aesthetic reasons. The former, as a French-Canadian thriller enjoyed the best of both worlds, as it capitalised on both the insular character of Quebec's culture and its status as merely another subdivision of Hollywood's domestic market. Whispering City on the other hand, suffered from the worst of both worlds as it proved to be neither a particularly good Hollywood film nor a distinctly Canadian work." Roly Young of The Globe and Mail reviewed both films together, rating Whispering City four stars but La Forteresse four-and-a-half, identifying the strength of Nicole Germain's performance as Marie in La Forteresse as the biggest distinction between the two.

At the 2nd Canadian Film Awards in 1950, Quebec Productions, the studio of producer L'Anglais and his business partner René Germain, received a special citation "for sustained and creative effort in establishing a feature-length film industry in Canada", collectively based on the films Whispering City/La Forteresse, A Man and His Sin, Séraphin and The Village Priest (Le Curé du village).

Whispering City was later screened at the 1984 Festival of Festivals as part of Front & Centre, a special retrospective program of artistically and culturally significant films from throughout the history of Canadian cinema.

title: Whispering City


text:
C. H. Sisson

Charles Hubert Sisson, CH (22 April 1914 – 5 September 2003), usually cited as C. H. Sisson, was a British writer, best known as a poet and translator.

Life
Born in Bristol in 1914, C. H. Sisson was noted as a poet, novelist, essayist and an important translator. He was a great friend of the critic and writer Donald Davie, with whom he corresponded regularly.

Sisson's parents were Richard Percy Sisson and Ellen Minnie Sisson (née Worlock). He was educated at the University of Bristol where he read English and Philosophy. He continued his studies in France and Germany. As a poet he first came to light through the London Arts Review, X, founded by the painter Patrick Swift and the poet David Wright. He reacted against the prevailing intellectual climate of the 1930s, particularly the Auden Group, preferring to go back to the anti-romantic T. E. Hulme, and to the Anglican tradition. The modernism of his poetry follows a 'distinct genealogy' from Hulme to Eliot, Pound, Ford Madox Ford and Wyndham Lewis. His novel Christopher Homm experiments with form and is told backwards.

Sisson entered the Ministry of Labour as Principal Assistant in 1936. During the Second World War he served in the British Army, in the ranks, in India (1942–45). He was Simon Senior Research Fellow (1956–57), Director of Establishments, Ministry of Labour (1962–68), and Director of Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Employment (1972). 1972 was also the year of his retirement from the Civil Service, with the rank of Under-Secretary. A standard text, The Spirit of British Administration (1959), was the product of his Simon Senior Research Fellowship; it contains the main fruit of his reflection on the British Civil Service. The work notably compares British with French, (then West) German, Swedish, Austrian, and Spanish administrative methods; Sisson sees the British Civil Service as emerging favourably from the comparison. Only slight and negative mention is made of the United States of America. Sisson was no blind admirer of British methods, however. He was a 'severe critic of the British Civil Service and some of his essays caused controversy'. In his collection The London Zoo he writes this epitaph 'Here lies a civil servant. He was civil/ To everyone, and servant to the devil.'

Sisson was married, in 1937, to Nora Gilbertson (d. 2003) and they had two daughters. In 1993 C. H. Sisson was appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour for his services to Literature.

Sisson died on 5 September 2003, aged 89.

Poetry collections

 * An Asiatic Romance (Carcanet Press, 1953. Paperback, 1995)
 * Poems (1959)
 * The Spirit of British Administration (1959)
 * The London Zoo (1961)
 * Numbers (Methuen, 1965)
 * The Discarnation, or How the Flesh became Word and Dwelt Among Us (1967)
 * Metamorphoses, (Methuen, London, 1968)
 * Roman Poems (1968)
 * In the Trojan Ditch: Collected Poems and Selected Translations (Carcanet Press, 1974)
 * The Corridor (Mandeville Press, Hitchin, 1975) (ISBN 0-904533-12-3)
 * Anchises (1976) (ISBN 0-85635-178-4)
 * Moon-Rise and Other Poems (1979)
 * Exactions (1980), (ISBN 0-85635-332-9)
 * Autobiographical and other papers of Philip Mairet (1981), editor
 * Modern Poets Five (Faber and Faber, 1981) editor Jim Hunter, with Andrew Waterman, Craig Raine, Robert Wells, and Andrew Motion
 * Night Thoughts and Other Poems (1983)
 * Collected Poems 1943–1983 (Carcanet Press, 1984) (ISBN 0-85635-498-8)
 * God Bless Karl Marx! (Carcanet Press, 1987) (ISBN 0-85635-710-3)
 * On the Lookout: A Partial Autobiography (Carcanet Press, 1989)
 * Selected Poems (Carcanet Press, Paperback 1990)
 * Nine Sonnets (1991)
 * Re-active Anthology: Ghosts in the Corridor No. 2 (1992) with Andrew Crozier and Donald Davie
 * The Pattern (Enitharmon Press, 1993) (ISBN 1-870612-68-X)
 * What and Who (Carcanet Press, 1994)
 * Poems: Selected (Carcanet Press, 1995)
 * Collected Poems (Carcanet Press, 1998)
 * Antidotes (Carcanet Press, 2001)

Novels

 * An Asiatic Romance. A satirical novel (Gaberbocchus Press) 1953
 * Christopher Homm (Methuen Publishing, 1965)

Critical works (books)

 * Art and Action (Methuen, 1965)—literary theory, criticism
 * Case of Walter Bagehot (Faber and Faber, 1972) (ISBN 0-571-09501-1)
 * David Hume (1976)
 * Jonathan Swift: Selected Poems (1977) ed. C.H. Sisson, Carcanet Press, 1990 (ISBN 0-85635-135-0)
 * Jude the Obscure by Thomas Hardy (1978) ed. C.H. Sisson, Penguin English Library (ISBN 978-0-14-043131-5)
 * The Avoidance of Literature: Collected Essays (Carcanet Press, 1979) (ISBN 0-85635-229-2)
 * PN Review 16 , Sisson, C H (ed) I A Richards, PN Review, Publication Date: 1980
 * Collected Poems and Plays, Lewis, Wyndham; Munton, Alan (ed.); C.H. Sisson (intro.), (Carcanet Press, 1981)
 * English Poetry, 1900–50, ed. C.H. Sisson (Carcanet Press, 1982)
 * The Rash ACT, Ford, Ford Madox, ed. C.H. Sisson (Carcanet Press, 1982. Paperback 1996) (ISBN 0-85635-399-X)
 * The English Sermon (Carcanet Press, 1982)
 * Anglican Essays (1983)
 * The English Novel Ford Madox Ford, ed. C.H. Sisson (Carcanet Press,1983)
 * A Call Ford Madox Ford, ed. C.H. Sisson (Carcanet Press, 1984)
 * The Regrets, Joachim Du Bellay; Translator – C.H. Sisson, (Carcanet Press, 1984)(ISBN 0-85635-471-6)
 * Christina Rossetti (1830–1894) : Selected Poems , Rossetti, Christina Georgina; Sisson, C. H. (editor), (Carcanet Press, 1985) (ISBN 0-85635-533-X)
 * Ladies Whose Bright Eyes, Ford Madox Ford, ed. C.H. Sisson (Carcanet Press, 1988)
 * In Two Minds: Guesses at Other Writers (Carcanet Press, 1990)(ISBN 0-85635-877-0)
 * Selected Writings Jeremy Taylor, ed. C.H. Sisson (Carcanet Press, 1990)
 * English Perspectives: Essays on Liberty and Government (Carcanet Press, 1992)
 * Grand Street 45 , Cage; John; Gates, David; Duong Thu Huong; Richter, Gerhard; Sisson, C H (W W Norton, New York, 1993) (ISBN 0-393-30992-4)
 * Is There a Church of England? (Carcanet Press, 1993)
 *  Poems and Essays on Poetry, Edgar Allan Poe, ed. C.H. Sisson. (Carcanet Press, 1995)

Translations

 * Versions and Perversions of Heine (1955)
 * The Poetry of Catullus, The Viking Press, New York, 1966
 * The Poetry of Catullus, MacGibbon and Kee, 1966
 * Lucretius: De Rerum Natura (The Poem on Nature), Carcanet, Manchester, 1976
 * The Poetic Art, Horace (Carcanet Press, 1978)
 * Some Tales of La Fontaine, (Carcanet Press, 1979)
 * The Divine Comedy (Carcanet Press, 1980)
 * Song of Roland (Carcanet Press, 1983)
 * The Aeneid (Carcanet Press, 1986)
 * Collected Translations (Carcanet Press, 1996)
 * Britannicus, Phaedra, Athaliah by Jean Racine (1987; Oxford Paperbacks, 2001) (ISBN 0-19-283827-X)

Letters

 * Letters to an Editor, ed. M. Fisher, Manchester : Carcanet, 1989, prints sixty-three letters from Sisson to the Carcanet Press. In the same volume Robert Hass (Letter 145, pp. 126–28) assesses Sissons' political thought.

title: C. H. Sisson


text: Category:Linköping

title: Category:Linköping


text:
Abul Kamal Tumin

Abul Kamal Tumin, a Zenata (?) rebel, conquered the Moroccan town of Fes in 1032, killing 6,000 Jews.

After 926, the Idrisids had abandoned Fes for good and withdrew to the valleys of the Rif mountains. And a turbulent time began until the establishment of the Almoravid dynasty in the 1060s. Under Ali az-Zahir, the seventh Fatimid Khalif, Bedouin revolts erupted.

title: Abul Kamal Tumin


text:
Audianism

Audianism, or Anthropomorphism, was a sect of Christians in the 4th century in Syria and the Pontic–Caspian steppe, named after its founder Audius or Audaeus, who interpreted the text of the First Epistle to Timothy 3:16 to mean that God created humanity in his image in a literal physical sense.

Beliefs
The distinguishing beliefs and practices included both theological anthropomorphism and quartodecimanism.
 * Anthropomorphism holds that God has human form. Audius took the text of Genesis 1:27 literally and held that God created humans to resemble his physical form.
 * Quartodecimans honoured the death of Jesus on the eve of Passover instead of following the Roman tradition of celebrating Easter on a Sunday.

History
Audius lived in Syria in the 4th century. His views extended into Scythia. Towards the end of the 4th century, the opinion of the Audians appeared among some African Christians. One Syrian village, Jubb'addin's, name (in Aramaic) means "the well of Audius."

In 325 at the First Council of Nicaea, it was decreed that all Christians should follow the Roman tradition of celebrating Pascha (Easter) on Easter Sunday, and no longer on the date of 14 Nisan (the Jewish Passover), as the so-called Quartodecimans used to do. The Audians, however, continued the Quartodeciman practice. Epiphanius of Salamis called attention to the Audians (as well as other sects he considered heretical) in his Panarion. Although Epiphanius is not always a trustworthy source, he correctly quotes the viewpoint of the Audians, that the church had "abandoned the fathers' Paschal rite in Constantine's time from deference to the emperor, and changed the day to suit the emperor".

Roman Emperors Constantine I the Great and Theodosius I legislated against the Audians, but the sect was still practicing quartodecimanism in Syrian Antioch in the 380s.

The Church Father Theodoret wrote on the belief the following, as Chapter IX of his Ecclesiastical History (Book IV), titled "Of the heresy of the Audiani":

The illustrious emperor thus took heed of the apostolic decrees, but Audaeus, a Syrian alike in race and in speech, appeared at that time as an inventor of new decrees. He had long ago begun to incubate iniquities and now appeared in his true character. At first he understood in an absurd sense the passage "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness." From want of apprehension of the meaning of the divine Scripture he understood the Divine Being to have a human form, and conjectured it to be enveloped in bodily parts; for Holy Scripture frequently describes the divine operations under the names of human parts, since by these means the providence of God is made more easily intelligible to minds incapable of perceiving any immaterial ideas. To this impiety Audaeus added others of a similar kind. By an eclectic process he adopted some of the Manichean doctrines of Manes and denied that the God of the universe is creator of either fire or darkness. But these and all similar errors are concealed by the adherents of his faction.

They allege that they are separated from the assemblies of the Church. But since some of them exact a cursed usury, and some live unlawfully with women without the bond of wedlock, while those who are innocent of these practices live in free fellowship with the guilty, they hide the blasphemy of their doctrines by accounting as they do for their living by themselves. The plea is however an impudent one, and the natural result of Pharisaic teaching, for the Pharisees accused the Physician of souls and bodies in their question to the holy Apostles "How is it that your Master eateth with publicans and sinners?" and through the prophet, God of such men says "Which say, 'come not near me for I am pure' this is smoke of my wrath." But this is not a tithe to refute their unreasonable error. I therefore pass on to the remainder of my narrative.

Other Church Fathers who wrote against it included Jerome and Cyril of Alexandria, who encountered it among some Egyptian monks. Cyril composed a short refutation of their error, which he attributed to extreme ignorance.

Anthropomorphism
Other early Christian writers such as Melito of Sardis, Tertullian, Origen and Lactantius were also accused of anthropomorphism.

Anthropomorphism was revived in northern Italy during the 10th century but was effectually suppressed by the bishops, notably by Ratherius, bishop of Verona.

In modern times, Benny Hinn has also been accused of teaching a form of anthropomorphism.

Academic knowledge
In reality, very little is known about Audians. It is not known whether Audians were Quartodecimans or just protopaschites. Their anthropomorphism was "metaphorical", i.e. centered upon a purely mental image, and not upon a physically concrete representation of God.

Sources and references

 * Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Volume 3, Edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace, 1892 - on Newadvent.org - Church fathers

title: Audianism


text:
Portal talk:Engineering

Air - Oil - Fuel filters automobile spec
Any one know about the parameter spec of these filters please let me know (or show me what site content). Thanks a lot. — [ Unsigned .]

Major Change
I changed the selected picture to the beijing national aquatics center as the Saturn Rocket's been there for a while. Feel free to change back/ improve it if you don't like it

— [ Unsigned .]

Notice from the Portals WikiProject
WikiProject Portals is back!

The project was rebooted and completely overhauled on April 17th, 2018. Its goals are to revitalize the entire portal system, make building and maintaining portals easier, support the ongoing improvement of portals and the editors dedicated to this, and design the portals of the future.

As of May 2nd, 2018, membership is at 60 editors, and growing. You are welcome to join us.

There are design initiatives for revitalizing the portals system as a whole, and for improving each component of portals. So far, 2 new dynamic components have been developed: Template:Transclude lead excerpt and Template:Transclude random excerpt.

Tools are provided for building and maintaining portals, including automated portals that update themselves in various ways.

And, if you are bored and would like something to occupy your mind, we have a wonderful task list.

From your friendly neighborhood Portals WikiProject. Hope to see you there. Sincerely,    — The Transhumanist   07:29, 2 May 2018 (UTC)

2020 portal updates
The following updates have been performed to the Engineering portal in 2020. North America1000 09:04, 30 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Expanded entries at Portal:Engineering/Did you know.
 * Added a new General images section that displays images from engineering-related articles.
 * Created a new section for Engineering topics

2022 portal updates
The following updates have been performed to the Engineering portal in 2022. North America1000 06:34, 19 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Converted the Selected article section into a Featured article section that only includes FA-class articles. All of the entries at Portal:Engineering/Selected article are now FA-class articles (I removed the only one that was not).
 * Added more FA-class articles to subpages for the Featured article section.

 * Added a new Good articles section with a scrollable format, that is purgable to show different batches of articles.

title: Portal talk:Engineering


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mass murder

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was The result of the debate was Speedy keep - obviously notable topic, no legitimate rationale put forth for deletion. BD2412 talk 16:34, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Mass murder
What about the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki? I think it was the greatest mass murder ever. --Haham hanuka 10:54, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep Notable article, and no reason for deletion given. bjelleklang 11:13, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Gilgamesh he 16:34, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I fail to see where this qualifies for deletion. The given point is best discussed on the talk page.G worroll G worroll 03:18, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep. This looks like a bad faith nomination. I suggest that the afd notice be removed immediately for it dents the appearance of the article. -- Natalinasmpf 14:30, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This afd nomination was orphaned. Listing now.  Speedy keep, trolling. —Cryptic (talk) 15:55, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep. Kappa 16:27, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Interference (communication)

In telecommunications, an interference is that which modifies a signal in a disruptive manner, as it travels along a communication channel between its source and receiver. The term is often used to refer to the addition of unwanted signals to a useful signal. Common examples include:

 * Electromagnetic interference (EMI)
 * Co-channel interference (CCI), also known as crosstalk
 * Adjacent-channel interference (ACI)
 * Intersymbol interference (ISI)
 * Inter-carrier interference (ICI), caused by doppler shift in OFDM modulation (multitone modulation).
 * Common-mode interference (CMI)
 * Conducted interference

Noise is a form of interference but not all interference is noise.

Radio resource management aims at reducing and controlling the co-channel and adjacent-channel interference.

Interference alignment
A solution to interference problems in wireless communication networks is interference alignment, which was crystallized by Syed Ali Jafar at the University of California, Irvine. A specialized application was previously studied by Yitzhak Birk and Tomer Kol for an index coding problem in 1998. For interference management in wireless communication, interference alignment was originally introduced by Mohammad Ali Maddah-Ali, Abolfazl S. Motahari, and Amir Keyvan Khandani, at the University of Waterloo, for communication over wireless X channels. Interference alignment was eventually established as a general principle by Jafar and Viveck R. Cadambe in 2008, when they introduced "a mechanism to align an arbitrarily large number of interferers, leading to the surprising conclusion that wireless networks are not essentially interference limited." This led to the adoption of interference alignment in the design of wireless networks.

Jafar explained:

"My research group crystallized the concept of interference alignment and showed that through interference alignment, it is possible for everyone to access half of the total bandwidth free from interference. Initially this result was shown under a number of idealized assumptions that are typical in theoretical studies. We have since continued to work on peeling off these idealizations one at a time, to bring the theory closer to practice. Along the way we have made numerous discoveries through the lens of interference alignment, which reveal new and powerful signaling schemes."

According to New York University senior researcher Paul Horn:

"Syed Jafar revolutionized our understanding of the capacity limits of wireless networks. He demonstrated the astounding result that each user in a wireless network can access half of the spectrum without interference from other users, regardless of how many users are sharing the spectrum. This is a truly remarkable result that has a tremendous impact on both information theory and the design of wireless networks."

title: Interference (communication)


text:
Bruton railway station

Bruton railway station serves a largely rural area in the county of Somerset in England. The station is situated in the market town of Bruton. The station is on the Bristol to Weymouth line some 32.75 mi south of Bath Spa. Trains on the Reading to Taunton line pass through the station but do not normally stop. Services are operated by Great Western Railway (who also manage the station) and South Western Railway.

History
The station was opened by the Great Western Railway on 1 September 1856 on its Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth main line. At that time this was just a single track but a loop was provided at Bruton to allow trains to pass. Stone buildings were erected on both platforms, and a footbridge linked the platforms from 1895. A signal box was provided from 1877 at the west end of the station.

The goods yard, which was on the north side of the line opposite the signal box, was closed on 5 April 1965 and the station was downgraded to an unstaffed halt from 6 October 1969 under the Western Region of British Railways.

Stationmasters

 * John George Indermaur 1856 - 1862 (formerly station master at Keynsham)
 * William Matthew Mitcham 1863 - 1865 (formerly station master at Maiden Newton, afterwards station master at Frome)
 * William Edward Bock 1865 - 1866 (afterwards station master at Maiden Newton)
 * Alfred James 1869 - ca. 1871
 * Walter Titball 1874 - 1882 (formerly station master at Yeovil)
 * Arthur Percy Dagg 1882 - ca. 1895 (formerly station master at Maiden Newton)
 * Thomas William Wood from 1898 (formerly station master at Malmesbury)
 * Herbert Edwin Matthews from 1908
 * G.E. Nailor 1925 - 1927 (afterwards station master at Castle Cary)
 * Godfrey Beaconsfield Taylor ca. 1929 ca. 1931
 * G. Bennett from 1947 (formerly station master at Hullavington)

W. Wilcox for six years in charge of the goods department at Warminster is reported as being appointed stationmaster in 1888 however, Arthur Dagg is still recorded as station master in the GWR Register of Clerks in 1890 and in the 1891 census.

Facilities
The station has two platforms with a modern glass-and-metal waiting shelter on each. A footbridge enables passengers to cross the line. There is no wheelchair access to the far platform (for trains arriving from Bristol and going to Weymouth). The station has a bike rack and help points.

Location
The cutting in which the railway is built is a Site of Special Scientific Interest as one of the best places in England to demonstrate the stratigraphic distinction of ammonites in the subcontractus zone and the morrisi zone.

Services
Great Western Railway operates eight trains each way on the Bristol to Weymouth line during the week and five on Sundays. It is not a regular service; there are some gaps of up to three hours between trains. To the north services run to and from Bath Spa and Bristol Temple Meads via Westbury. Most are extended beyond Bristol to and from Gloucester. To the south trains run to Yeovil Pen Mill and Weymouth.

Additionally, there are services provided by South Western Railway that operate between Yeovil Junction and London Waterloo, although these are relatively slow due to taking an indirect route towards London, reversing at Westbury and travelling via Salisbury and the West of England Main Line. A faster and more frequent service to London is available at both Castle Cary and Westbury on the same route, from where Great Western Railway operates trains between London Paddington and Exeter St Davids. These trains pass Bruton, but do not stop.

title: Bruton railway station