text:
Ed Podolak

Edward Joseph Podolak (born September 1, 1947) is a former professional American football player, a running back for nine seasons with the Kansas City Chiefs of the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL).

Early years
Ed Podolak was born on a small farm near Atlantic, Iowa on September 1, 1947. His father, Joe was a farmer and a military veteran and his mother Dorothy was a school teacher. Ed worked on the farm, played baseball in the summer, football in the fall, and basketball in the winter, his parents allowing him to curtail his farm work during his athletic events. The Atlantic High School Trojan football teams went undefeated in Podolak's junior and senior seasons, as Ed quarterbacked the team, winning conference titles both years. The Atlantic Trojan basketball team made it to two state tournament appearances, with Podolak playing forward. Following high school, Iowa State University hired Podolak's high school coach, Howard Justice, to coach quarterbacks, but Podolak chose to attend the University of Iowa.

College football career
In this era, college freshmen were not eligible to play varsity sports, but Podolak won the starting quarterback job for Iowa as a sophomore. In his first college start, Podolak was named “Offensive Player of the Week” after the game against the Arizona Wildcats, a 42–7 Iowa victory. After starting at quarterback for two and a half years for the Hawkeyes, he moved to tailback, five games into his senior season, because of an injury to the starting tailback. He set a Hawkeye and Big 10 rushing record of 286 yards in his second start at running back.

In Podolak's college football career at the University of Iowa, he was a quarterback for two seasons before converting to running back. As a quarterback, Podolak threw 28 interceptions and eight touchdowns, but he excelled as a running back in 1968, rushing for 937 yards and eight touchdowns while gaining an average of six yards per carry, also catching 12 passes for 188 yards and another score.

In 1968, Podolak rushed for a then–Big Ten record with 286 yards on 17 carries in the Hawkeyes' 68–34 victory over Northwestern. Podolak earned All–Big 10 honors following the 1968 season.

Professional football career
Podolak was selected in the second round of the 1969 NFL/AFL draft, 48th overall, by the Kansas City Chiefs, and the team won Super Bowl IV in his rookie season.

During a nine-year career from 1969 to 1977, Podolak became the Chiefs' all-time leading rusher with 4,451 yards and 34 touchdowns on 1,158 carries. He was also known for his work as a pass receiver, catching 288 passes for 2,456 yards and six touchdowns and as a return man on special teams, averaging 8.6 yards per punt and 20.5 yards per kickoff return. His 8,178 career combined yards are the second-most in the team's history. Podolak led the Chiefs in rushing four times, in receiving three times, and in punt returns three times.

In the Chiefs' playoff loss to the Miami Dolphins on Christmas Day in 1971 (still the longest game in NFL history), Podolak had a playoff-record 350 total yards: 85 rushing, 110 receiving, and 155 on returns. Podolak, who wore jersey number 14, was inducted into the Chiefs' Hall of Fame in 1989.

Broadcasting career
After retirement, Podolak turned to broadcasting. He worked as a color commentator for NFL telecasts on NBC in 1978. In 1982, he began working as a commentator for Iowa Hawkeye football games on WHO radio in Des Moines and a statewide network. He worked with play-by-play announcer Jim Zabel until 1996 and then with Gary Dolphin. Podolak announced on April 22, 2024 that he is retiring from his role as color analyst after 42 years.

Awards and honors

 * Podolak was inducted into the Kansas City Chiefs Hall of Fame in 1989.
 * The Iowa High School Athletic Association inducted Podolak into its Football Hall of Fame in 2004.
 * In 2014, Podolak was inducted into the Missouri Sports Hall of Fame.
 * Podolak was inducted into the University of Iowa Athletics Hall of Fame in 2021.

title: Ed Podolak


text:
Barbastro

Barbastro (Latin: Barbastrum or Civitas Barbastrensis, Aragonese: Balbastro) is a city in the Somontano county, province of Huesca, Spain. The city (also known originally as Barbastra or Bergiduna) is at the junction of the rivers Cinca and Vero.

History
An ancient Celtiberian city called  Bergidum or Bergiduna, in Roman times Barbastro (now called  Brutina) was included in the Hispania Citerior region, and later of Hispania Tarraconensis.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it was part of the Visigoth kingdom. Barbastro and  the Barbitaniya area were overtaken by Musa bin Nusair in 717, as part of the Umayyad push to conquer northern states of the Marca Hispanica and the name Madyar was given to the town.

It was later settled by the Banu Jalaf who made it the capital of the Emirate of Barbineta and Huesca until 862, and was known as the Emirate of Brabstra until 882.

In 1064, Sancho Ramírez, King of Aragón, and his Frankish Christian forces, led by William VIII of Aquitaine and Le Bon Normand, invaded the city, which at the time was part of the emirate of Zaragoza. This attack was known as the Siege of Barbastro. Contemporary sources state that 50,000 people were killed or captured in the attack, but modern historians view this as an exaggeration since the whole population of the town probably did not exceed 8,000. The following year, however, it was reconquered by the Moors. In 1101 it was captured permanently by Peter I of Aragon, who made it a bishopric seat. Barbastro since then has followed the history of Aragon and Spain.

In the Middle Ages, a Sephardic Jewish community thrived in Barbastro, suffering little compared to other Jewish populations in Spain. The first written record of a Jewish presence dates to 1144. After the Disputation of Tortosa, the Jewish community ceased to exist because they had all become conversos. The old synagogue, however, became a center for converso life.

During the Spanish Civil War 51 Catholic Claretians were executed in Barbastro by militia of the Popular Front. Numerous socialist, republican and communist activists were jailed and executed in the following years after the end of the Spanish Civil War.

Barbastro's economy flourished until the early 20th century, when a period of decline began, ending only in the 1960s due to the growth of agricultural production.

Notable residents

 * Bartolomé and Lupercio de Argensola, brothers, historians and poets who were part of the Spanish siglo de oro, a period of flourishing in arts and literature in Spain.
 * Antonio Ricardos Carrillo de Albornoz, was a famous Spanish army general, who lived in the 18th century.
 * Josemaría Escrivá, founder of Opus Dei, an institution of the Roman Catholic Church.
 * María Pilar Crespí Pérez, chemist by the Universidad Complutense de Madrid and teacher in the Colegio Estudio. Wife of Don Antonio Corróns Rodríguez, Ph.D., and mother of D. Pablo Antonio Corróns Crespí (AENOR) and D. Jorge Antonio Corróns Crespí (Proteyco Ibérica, S.A.).

Twin towns

 * 🇫🇷 Saint-Gaudens, Haute-Garonne

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Barbastro


text:
1997 in birding and ornithology

 * See also 1996 in birding and ornithology, main events of 1997 and 1998 in birding and ornithology

New species

 * See also Bird species new to science described in the 1990s

 * The jocotoco antpitta (Grallaria ridgelyi) from Ecuador was discovered in the Cerro Tapichalaca cloud forest.

Taxonomic developments
To be completed

Breeding birds

 * Only eleven booming bitterns are heard, half as many as the previous year.
 * Thousands of young black-legged kittiwakes and other seabirds die in north-east England during storms.
 * A pair of red-backed shrikes breed in Northern Scotland.

Migrant and wintering birds
To be completed

Rare birds

 * A spectacled warbler at Landguard Point, Suffolk is the second British record
 * A semipalmated plover at Dawlish Warren National Nature Reserve in June is the second British record
 * A male Siberian rubythroat in Dorset in October is the second British record
 * A blue-cheeked bee-eater in Shetland in June and July is Britain's eighth, but only the second to be seen by large numbers of observers.
 * A western sandpiper in Lothian in July is also Britain's eighth, but only the first to be seen by large numbers of observers.
 * A record influx of sixteen desert wheatears occurs between October and December

Other events

 * The British Birdwatching Fair has Ecuador as its theme for the year.

Scandinavia
To be completed

North America
To be completed

Asia
To be completed

title: 1997 in birding and ornithology


text:
User talk:The Liefeld Troll

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Hall Monitor 20:01, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Awesome Comics article
Awesome comics was pretty good not just because of Alan Moore but also Jeph Loeb and a few others. I might actually write an article on it sometime. As always when I write an article it will only include facts. I'm not sure when I'll have time to do it though. Someday, I will.--Timrock 12:14, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:The Liefeld Troll


text: File:Sent-Myhell-Armys--Arms-of-St-Michael-ca-1460.png


text:
G7es torpedo

The G7es (T5) "Zaunkönig" ("wren") was a passive acoustic torpedo employed by German U-boats during World War II. It was called the GNAT (German Navy Acoustic Torpedo) by the British.

Description
The forerunner of the Zaunkönig was the G7e/T4 Falke, codename "Falcon," which was introduced in March 1943, but saw limited use for trial and was rapidly phased out of service in favor of the later model that received a number of significant enhancements. It was faster, had more range, possessed a magnetic or contact detonator and could be equipped with a percussion pistol.

The T5 torpedo was capable of travelling at 24 knots (44 km/h) and had an effective range of about 5000 metres against convoy escorts vessels proceeding at speeds between 10 (18 km/h) and 18 knots (33 km/h). The homing system consisted of two hydrophone receivers and altered the direction of the rudder via an electropneumatic device. The acoustic homing torpedo was specifically designed as to be attracted by the pitch of an escort's propellers and would — even if aimed inaccurately — explode under the ship's stern.

There were three variants:
 * Two flat-nosed versions which contained four sets of magnetostriction hydrophones.
 * A round-nosed version which contained two magnetostriction hydrophones inside a funnel-shaped baffle.

Use
The acoustic homing torpedo required a minimum distance of 400 m to lock onto the target after launch. The detection range of the hydrophones varied significantly according to circumstance, but 450 m (500 yards) was considered reasonable for a ship moving at 15 knots. After at least one unconfirmed instance of a U-boat (GS U-972) sinking after being hit by its own torpedo, and another circle-back that forced the U-862 to crash-dive, the BdU ordered submarines to dive to 60 m and go completely silent after launching acoustic torpedoes, to minimize the risk.

The first 80 T5s were delivered on 1 August 1943, and the weapon was first used in a large-scale maneuver against the North Atlantic convoys ONS 18/ON 202 in late September 1943. The commanders reported a number of torpedo strikes and recorded the sinking of nine commercial steamers and 12 escort ships after the battle. In fact, only six merchant ships and three escort vessels, a destroyer, a frigate and a corvette, were sunk. However, despite some initial success, in particular sinking destroyers and corvettes, the Zaunkönigs effectiveness was quickly nullified by the introduction of a noise making decoy known as Foxer. The NDRC worked on countermeasures to an acoustic torpedo long before its introduction by the Germans. At the end of September 1943, it was promptly installed on all transatlantic escort vessels.

Grossadmiral Dönitz, not satisfied with the development of countermeasures, realized that his brief success against the North Atlantic trade convoys was only a flare up and recorded:

In spite of highly effective Allied countermeasures, a total of over 700 T5s were fired in combat, sinking 77 ships.

title: G7es torpedo


text:
Talk:Oshkosh Truck Corporation

I suggest merging this article with Oshkosh_Truck

-disgruntledtoast- I agree, definetly, its the same thingDisgruntledtoast 02:15, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oshkosh Truck Corporation


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lé Mime

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy delete as nonsense. Thue | talk 20:23, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Lé Mime
Completely nonsensical. Sounds like a rant, thoroughly non-encyclopedic. Also, there shouldn't be an accent on the letter "E". 216.191.200.1 20:03, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete to my mind that's a nonsense speedy delete. Keithlard 20:07, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy as contextless nonsense.--Isotope23 20:19, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lé Mime


text:
Slant (journal)

Slant was a Catholic magazine associated with the University of Cambridge and the Dominican Order during the 1960s, and of the group associated with this magazine. It sought to combine Catholic belief with left-wing politics and was influenced by the thinking of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Karl Marx. Influential members included Terry Eagleton and Herbert McCabe. Denys Turner is a significant theologian influenced by Slant.

Description
The context of Slant has been explained by James Smith in his critical introduction to Terry Eagleton. Slant came into being in the mid-1960s in Cambridge, as a journal "devoted to a Catholic exploration of .. radical politics". The first issue was published in spring 1964. This issue began with an introduction by Raymond Williams and for the first six issues Slant was a quarterly journal. From volume 2 (February/March 1966), it evolved to a bimonthly publication, which was eventually published by Sheed and Ward, a Catholic publishing house. Slant ceased publication in 1970 after 30 issues.

Some Slant writings were compiled as a book, Slant Manifesto, published by Sheed and Ward in 1966.

The editorial board of Slant included a number of individuals who were at that time students at Cambridge, or who had recently been students in Cambridge, and who subsequently went on to academic careers: Adrian Cunningham (who went on to be Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Lancaster), Terry Eagleton, and Leo Pyle (later, Professor of Biotechnology, University of Reading). Martin Shaw (later professor of sociology and international relations at the Universities of Hull and Sussex) was its student organiser.

title: Slant (journal)


text: User talk:82.32.93.152

title: User talk:82.32.93.152


text:
List of Welsh rugby union clubs

Rugby union in Wales is governed by the Welsh Rugby Union. The top level of Welsh rugby is represented by the regional sides, formed in 2003, who play in the United Rugby Championship (formerly the Celtic League, Pro12 or Pro14). Originally consisting of five teams, there are currently four regional sides in the United Rugby Championship, after the Celtic Warriors were wound up in 2004.

Below this is the Welsh Premier Division, Welsh Championship, then Division 1, Division 2, Division 3, Division 4, Division 5 and Division 6 are split geographically into East, East Central, North, West and West Central. Division Three North and Division 3 West are both split geographically into two leagues.

United Rugby Championship

 * Cardiff Rugby
 * Dragons RFC
 * Ospreys
 * Scarlets

Welsh Premier Division

 * Aberavon RFC
 * Bridgend Ravens
 * Cardiff RFC
 * Carmarthen Quins
 * Ebbw Vale RFC
 * Llandovery RFC
 * Llanelli RFC
 * Merthyr RFC
 * Newport RFC
 * Pontypridd RFC
 * RGC 1404
 * Swansea RFC

Welsh Championship

 * Beddau RFC
 * Bargoed RFC
 * Bedwas RFC
 * Cardiff Metropolitan University RFC
 * Cross Keys RFC
 * Glamorgan Wanderers RFC
 * Maesteg Harlequins RFC
 * Narberth RFC
 * Neath RFC
 * Pontypool RFC
 * Tata Steel RFC
 * Trebanos RFC
 * Ystalyfera RFC
 * Ystrad Rhondda RFC

WRU Division 1 East

 * Blaenavon RFC
 * Brecon RFC
 * Brynmawr RFC
 * Dowlais RFC
 * Monmouth RFC
 * Nelson RFC
 * Penallta RFC
 * Pontypool United RFC
 * Risca RFC
 * Senghenydd RFC
 * Ynysybwl RFC

WRU Division 1 East Central

 * Barry RFC
 * Cambrian Welfare RFC
 * Dowlais RFC
 * Llantrisant RFC
 * Mountain Ash RFC
 * Rhiwbina RFC
 * Rhydyfelin RFC
 * Rumney RFC
 * St. Joseph's RFC
 * St. Peters RFC
 * Treorchy RFC
 * Ynysybwl RFC

WRU Division 1 North

 * Bala RFC
 * Bethesda RFC
 * Caernarfon RFC
 * COBRA
 * Dinbych RFC
 * Dolgellau RFC
 * Llandudno RFC
 * Llangefni RFC
 * Nant Conwy RFC
 * Pwllheli RFC
 * Ruthin RFC

WRU Division 1 West Central

 * Ammanford RFC
 * Birchgrove RFC
 * Bonymaen RFC
 * Bridgend Athletic RFC
 * Brynamman RFC
 * Dunvant RFC
 * Glynneath RFC
 * Kenfig Hill RFC
 * Nantyffyllon RFC
 * Skewen RFC
 * Tondu RFC
 * Waunarlwydd RFC

WRU Division 1 West

 * Aberystwyth RFC
 * Crymych RFC
 * Felinfoel RFC
 * Gorseinon RFC
 * Gowerton RFC
 * Hendy RFC
 * Llanelli Wanderers RFC
 * Llangennech RFC
 * Newcastle Emlyn RFC
 * Pembroke RFC
 * Penclawdd RFC
 * Whitland RFC

WRU Division 2 East

 * Abergavenny RFC
 * Blackwood RFC
 * Caerleon RFC
 * Caldicot RFC
 * Croesyceiliog RFC
 * Cwmbran RFC
 * Newport HSOB RFC
 * Oakdale RFC
 * Pill Harriers RFC
 * Talywain RFC
 * Ynysddu RFC

WRU Division 2 East Central

 * Abercwmboi RFC
 * Abercynon RFC
 * Aberdare RFC
 * Caerphilly RFC
 * Cilfynydd RFC
 * Cowbridge RFC
 * Gilfach Goch RFC
 * Llanishen RFC
 * Llantrisant RFC
 * Llantwit Fardre RFC
 * Taffs Well RFC
 * Treharris RFC

WRU Division 2 North

 * Abergele RFC
 * Bangor RFC
 * Colwyn Bay RFC
 * Mold RFC
 * Nant Conwy RFC II
 * Newtown RFC
 * Rhyl and District RFC
 * Shotton Steel RFC
 * Welshpool RFC
 * Wrexham RFC

WRU Division 2 West Central

 * Aberavon Quins RFC
 * Bridgend Sports RFC
 * Builth Wells RFC
 * Heol y Cyw RFC
 * Maesteg Celtic RFC
 * Morriston RFC
 * Pencoed RFC
 * Porthcawl RFC
 * Pyle RFC
 * Resolven RFC
 * Ystradgynlais RFC

WRU Division 2 West

 * Burry Port RFC
 * Carmarthen Athletic RFC
 * Fishguard and Goodwick RFC
 * Kidwelly RFC
 * Loughor RFC
 * Milford Haven RFC
 * Mumbles RFC
 * Nantgaredig RFC
 * Pontarddulais RFC
 * Pontyberem RFC
 * Tenby United RFC
 * Tycroes RFC

WRU Division 3 North East

 * Bala RFC II
 * Bro Gwernant RFC
 * COBRA RFC II
 * Dinbych RFC II
 * Flint RFC
 * Llanidloes RFC
 * Machynlleth RFC
 * Mold RFC II
 * Rhosllanerchrugog RFC
 * Ruthin RFC II
 * Wrexham RFC II

WRU Division 3 North West

 * Bethesda RFC II
 * Bro Ffestiniog RFC
 * Caernarfon RFC II
 * Holyhead RFC
 * Llandudno RFC II
 * Llangefni RFC II
 * Menai Bridge RFC
 * Porthmadog RFC
 * Pwllheli RFC II
 * Rhyl & District RFC II

WRU Division 3 East

 * Abercarn RFC
 * Abertillery RFC
 * Abertysswg RFC
 * Blaina RFC
 * Garndiffaith
 * Llanhilleth RFC
 * Machen RFC
 * Rhymney RFC
 * RTB Ebbw Vale RFC
 * Tredegar Ironsides RFC
 * Usk RFC

WRU Division 3 East Central

 * Canton RFC
 * Cardiff Quins RFC
 * CR Cymry Caerdydd
 * Fairwater RFC
 * Llanharan RFC
 * Old Illtydians RFC
 * Penarth RFC
 * Pentyrch RFC
 * Penygraig RFC
 * Pontyclun RFC
 * St Albans RFC
 * Tylorstown RFC

WRU Division 3 West Central

 * Abercrave RFC
 * Aberavon Green Stars RFC
 * Baglan RFC
 * Bryncoch RFC
 * Cwmafan RFC
 * Cwmgors RFC
 * Cwmllynfell RFC
 * Nantymoel RFC
 * Swansea Uplands RFC
 * Taibach RFC
 * Tonmawr RFC
 * Vardre RFC

WRU Division 3 West A

 * Aberaeron RFC
 * Cardigan RFC
 * Haverfordwest RFC
 * Lampeter Town RFC
 * Laugharne RFC
 * Llangwm RFC
 * Llanybydder RFC
 * Neyland RFC
 * Pembroke Dock Harlequins RFC
 * St Clears RFC
 * St. Davids RFC
 * Tregaron RFC

WRU Division 3 West B

 * Amman United RFC
 * Betws RFC
 * Bynea RFC
 * Cefneithin RFC
 * Furnace United RFC
 * Llandeilo RFC
 * Llandybie RFC
 * Llangadog RFC
 * New Dock Stars RFC
 * Penygroes RFC
 * Trimsaran RFC
 * Tumble RFC

WRU Division 4 East

 * Bedwellty RFC
 * Blackwood Stars RFC
 * Chepstow RFC
 * Fleur De Lys RFC
 * Hafodyrynys RFC
 * Nantyglo RFC
 * New Panteg RFC
 * New Tredegar RFC
 * Newport Saracens RFC
 * St Julians HSOB RFC
 * Trinant RFC
 * Whitehead RFC

WRU Division 4 East Central

 * Caerau Ely RFC
 * Cefn Coed RFC
 * Gwernyfed RFC
 * Llandaff RFC
 * Llandaff North RFC
 * Llantwit Major RFC
 * Old Penarthians RFC
 * Tonyrefail RFC
 * Treherbert RFC
 * Wattstown RFC
 * Ynysowen RFC

WRU Division 4 West Central

 * Altwen RFC
 * Briton Ferry RFC
 * Bryncethin RFC
 * Cefn Cribwr RFC
 * Crynant RFC
 * Glais RFC
 * Glyncorrwg RFC
 * Maesteg RFC
 * Neath Athletic RFC
 * Penlan RFC
 * Pontrhydyfen RFC

WRU Division 5 East

 * Beaufort RFC
 * Bettws RFC
 * Brynithel RFC
 * Crickhowell RFC
 * Crumlin RFC
 * Hollybush RFC
 * Pontllanfraith RFC

WRU Division 5 East Central

 * Brackla RFC
 * Cardiff Internationals RFC
 * Cardiff Saracens RFC
 * Ferndale RFC
 * Hirwaun RFC
 * Llandrindod Wells RFC
 * Ogmore Vale RFC
 * Pontycymmer RFC
 * Sully Sports RFC
 * Tref y Clawdd RFC
 * Whitchurch RFC

WRU Division 5 West Central

 * Banwen RFC
 * Cwmgwrach RFC
 * Cwmtwrch RFC
 * Fall Bay RFC
 * Pantyffynon RFC
 * Penybanc RFC
 * Pontardawe RFC
 * Pontyates RFC
 * Rhigos RFC
 * Seven Sisters RFC
 * South Gower RFC
 * Tonna RFC

WRU Division 6 East

 * Abersychan RFC
 * Cwmcarn United RFC
 * Forgeside RFC
 * Girling RFC
 * Hartridge RFC
 * Magor RFC
 * Old Tyleryan RFC
 * Trefil RFC
 * West Mon RFC

title: List of Welsh rugby union clubs


text: Category:Kazakhstani ice hockey players

title: Category:Kazakhstani ice hockey players


text:
Monetary and fiscal policy of Japan

Japan bonds.webp in 1990 Zero interest-rate policy started in 1995

]] [[File:Japan money supply and inflation.webp|thumb|300px|Japan money supply and inflation (year over year)

]] Monetary policy pertains to the regulation, availability, and cost of credit, while Fiscal policy deals with government expenditures, taxes, and debt. Through management of these areas, the Ministry of Finance regulated the allocation of resources in the economy, affected the distribution of income and wealth among the citizenry, stabilized the level of economic activities, and promoted economic growth and welfare.

The Ministry of Finance played an important role in Japan's postwar economic growth. It advocated a "growth first" approach, with a high proportion of government spending going to capital accumulation, and minimum government spending overall, which kept both taxes and deficit spending down, making more money available for private investment. Most Japanese put money into savings accounts, mostly postal savings.

Budget process
The Budget Bureau of the Ministry of Finance is at the heart of the political process because it draws up the national budget each year. This responsibility makes it the ultimate focus of interest groups and of other ministries that compete for limited funds. The budgetary process generally begins soon after the start of a new fiscal year on April 1. Ministries and government agencies prepare budget requests in consultation with the Policy Research Council.

In the fall of each year, Budget Bureau examiners reviews these requests in great detail, while top Ministry of Finance officials work out the general contours of the new budget and the distribution of tax revenues. During the winter, after the release of the ministry's draft budget, campaigning by individual Diet members for their constituents and different ministries for revisions and supplementary allocations becomes intense. The coalition leaders and Ministry of Finance officials consult on a final draft budget, which is generally passed by the Diet in late winter.

In broad outline, the process reveals a basic characteristic of Japanese political dynamics: that despite the oft-stated ideals of "harmony" and "consensus," interests, including bureaucratic interests, are in strong competition for resources. Political leaders and Budget Bureau officials need great skill to reach mutually acceptable compromises. The image of "Japan Incorporated," in which harmony and unanimity are virtually automatic, belies the reality of intense rivalry. The late-twentieth-century system is successful insofar as political skills and appreciation of common interests minimize antagonisms and maintain a balance of power among groups. It is unclear, however, whether this system will continue as Japan faces such problems as growing social inequality and an aging society.

National debt
Japanese Bond Market.webp started in 2014

]]

In 2011 Japan's public debt was about 230 percent of its annual gross domestic product, the largest percentage of any nation in the world.

In order to address the Japanese budget gap and growing national debt, in June 2012 the Japanese Diet passed a bill to double the national consumption tax to 10%. The new bill increases the tax to 8% by April 2014 and 10% by October 2015. However, it was delayed until at least October 2019.

title: Monetary and fiscal policy of Japan


text:
Allium scorodoprasum

The sand leek (Allium scorodoprasum), also known as rocambole and Korean pickled-peel garlic, is a Eurasian species of wild onion with a native range extending across much of Europe, Middle East, and Korea. The species should not be confused with rocambole garlic, which is A. sativum var. ophioscorodon.

Description
The sand leek is a perennial plant with an egg-shaped bulb. The plant produces two to five unstalked leaves, the bases of which are sheath-like. Each leaf blade is linear, 7–20 mm wide, flat with a slight keel, an entire margin and parallel veins. The edges of the leaf and the central vein are rough to the touch. The flowering stem is cylindrical, growing to a height of 30 to 90 cm and the upper half is leafless. The whole plant has an onion-like aroma. The inflorescence is a globular cluster surrounded by membranous bracts in bud which wither when the flowers open. Each individual flower is stalked and has a purple perianth 4 to 7 mm long. There are six tepals, six stamens and a pistil formed from three fused carpels. Mixed with the flowers are a number of purple bulbils. The fruit is a capsule, but the seeds seldom set, and propagation usually takes place when the bulbils are knocked off and grow into new plants.

Distribution and habitat
The natural habitat of A. scorodoprasum is damp broad-leaved woodland, forest margins, shores, hillside meadows and hedgerows. It was at one time used as a kitchen herb and can sometimes be found near old habitations.

Cultivation
A. scorodoprasum is edible but seldom cultivated, and has a shorter flower stalk and fewer and more inconsistently shaped cloves than Rocambole garlic. Sand leek also has a dark violet bulb wrapper.

Elephant garlic (properly A. ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum) is also sometimes incorrectly sold as A. scorodoprasum.

title: Allium scorodoprasum


text:
Pavel Florensky

Pavel Alexandrovich Florensky (also P. A. Florenskiĭ, Florenskii, Florenskij; Па́вел Алекса́ндрович Флоре́нский; Պավել Ֆլորենսկի; 21 January 1882 – December 8, 1937) was a Russian Orthodox theologian, priest, philosopher, mathematician, physicist, electrical engineer, inventor, polymath, neomartyr and folk saint. During the later twentieth century, statements had appeared noting a recognition by the Russian Orthodox Church of him as a saint, though it was later firmly noted that no such decision had been made.

Early life
Pavel Aleksandrovich Florensky was born on 21 January 1882 in the town of Yevlakh in Elisabethpol Governorate (in present-day Azerbaijan) into the family of a railroad engineer, Aleksandr Florensky. His father came from a family of Russian Orthodox priests while his mother Olga (Salomia) Saparova (Saparyan, Sapharashvili) was of the Tbilisi Armenian nobility in Georgia. His maternal grandmother Sofia Paatova (Paatashvili) was from an Armenian family from Karabakh, living in Bolnisi, Georgia. Florensky "always searched for the roots of his Armenian family" and noted that they came from Karabakh.

Florensky completed his high school studies (1893-1899) at the Tbilisi classical lyceum, where several companions were later to distinguish themselves, among them the founder of Russian Cubo-Futurism, David Burliuk. In 1899, Florensky underwent a religious crisis, connected to a visit to Leo Tolstoy caused by an awareness of the limits and relativity of the scientific positivism and rationality which had been an integral part of his initial formation within his family and high school. He decided to construct his own solution by developing theories that would reconcile the spiritual and the scientific visions on the basis of mathematics. He entered the department of mathematics of the Imperial Moscow University and studied under Nikolai Bugaev, and became friends with his son, the future poet and theorist of Russian symbolism, Andrei Bely. He was particularly drawn to Georg Cantor's set theory.

He also took courses on ancient philosophy. During this period the young Florensky, who had no religious upbringing, began taking an interest in studies beyond "the limitations of physical knowledge" In 1904 he graduated from the Imperial Moscow University and declined a teaching position at the university: instead, he proceeded to study theology at the Ecclesiastical Academy in Sergiyev Posad. During his theological studies there, he came into contact with Elder Isidore on a visit to Gethsemane Hermitage, and Isidore was to become his spiritual guide and father. Together with fellow students Ern, Svenitsky and Brikhnichev he founded a society, the Christian Struggle Union (Союз Христиaнской Борьбы), with the revolutionary aim of rebuilding Russian society according to the principles of Vladimir Solovyov. Subsequently he was arrested for membership in this society in 1906: however, he later lost his interest in the Radical Christianity movement.

Intellectual interests
During his studies at the Ecclesiastical Academy, Florensky's interests included philosophy, religion, art and folklore. He became a prominent member of the Russian Symbolism movement, together with his friend Andrei Bely and published works in the magazines New Way (Новый Путь) and Libra (Весы). He also started his main philosophical work, The Pillar and Ground of the Truth: an Essay in Orthodox Theodicy in Twelve Letters. The complete book was published only in 1914 but most of it was finished at the time of his graduation from the academy in 1908. According to the forward in a book of his letters published by the Princeton University Press: "The book is a series of twelve letters to a 'brother' or 'friend,' who may be understood symbolically as Christ. Central to Florensky's work is an exploration of the various meanings of Christian love, which is viewed as a combination of philia (friendship) and agape (universal love). He describes the ancient Christian rites of the adelphopoiesis (brother-making), which joins male friends in chaste bonds of love. In addition, Florensky was one of the first thinkers in the twentieth century to develop the idea of the Divine Sophia, who has become one of the central concerns of feminist theologians."

Recent research by Michael Hagemeister, known mostly for his work on The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, has authenticated that antisemitic material, written under a pseudonym, is in Florensky's hand. Florensky's biographer Avril Pyman evaluates Florensky's position regarding Jews as, contextually for the period, a middle way between liberal critics who excoriated at the time of the incident Russia's backwardness and the behaviour of instigators of pogroms like the Black Hundreds.

After graduating from the academy, he married Anna Giatsintova, the sister of a friend, in August 1910, a move which shocked his friends who were familiar with his aversion to marriage. He continued to teach philosophy and lived at Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra until 1919. In 1911, he was ordained into the priesthood. In 1914, he wrote his dissertation, About Spiritual Truth. He published works on philosophy, theology, art theory, mathematics and electrodynamics. Between 1911 and 1917, he was the chief editor of the most authoritative Orthodox theological publication of that time, Bogoslovskiy Vestnik. He was also a spiritual teacher of the controversial Russian writer Vasily Rozanov, urging him to reconcile with the Orthodox Church.

Period of Communist rule in Russia
After the October Revolution he formulated his position as: "I have developed my own philosophical and scientific worldview, which, though it contradicts the vulgar interpretation of communism... does not prevent me from honestly working in the service of the state." After the Bolsheviks closed the Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra (1918) and the Sergievo-Posad Church (1921), where he was the priest, he moved to Moscow to work on the State Plan for Electrification of Russia (ГОЭЛРО) under the recommendation of Leon Trotsky who strongly believed in Florensky's ability to help the government in the electrification of rural Russia. According to contemporaries, Florensky in his priest's cassock, working alongside other leaders of a Government department, was a remarkable sight.

In 1924, he published a large monograph on dielectrics. He worked simultaneously as the Scientific Secretary of the Historical Commission on Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra and published his works on ancient Russian art. He was rumoured to be the main organizer of a secret endeavour to save the relics of St. Sergii Radonezhsky whose destruction had been ordered by the government.

In the second half of the 1920s, he mostly worked on physics and electrodynamics, eventually publishing his paper Imaginary numbers in Geometry («Мнимости в геометрии. Расширение области двухмерных образов геометрии») devoted to the geometrical interpretation of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. Among other things, he proclaimed that the geometry of imaginary numbers predicted by the theory of relativity for a body moving faster than light is the geometry of the Kingdom of God. For mentioning the Kingdom of God in that work, he was accused of anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda by Soviet authorities.

1928–1937: exile, imprisonment, death
In 1928, Florensky was exiled to Nizhny Novgorod. After the intercession of Ekaterina Peshkova (wife of Maxim Gorky), Florensky was allowed to return to Moscow. On 26 February 1933 he was arrested again, on suspicion of engaging in a conspiracy with Pavel Gidiulianov, a professor of canon law who was a complete stranger to Florensky, to overthrow the state and install, with Nazi assistance, a fascist monarchy. He defended himself vigorously against the imputations until he realized that by showing a willingness to admit them, though false, he would enable several acquaintances to resecure their liberty. He was sentenced to ten years in the labor camps by the infamous Article 58 of Joseph Stalin's criminal code (clauses ten and eleven: "agitation against the Soviet system" and "publishing agitation materials against the Soviet system"). The published agitation materials were the monograph about the theory of relativity. His manner of continuing to wear priestly garb annoyed his employers. The state offered him numerous opportunities to go into exile in Paris, but he declined them.

He served at the Baikal Amur Mainline camp until 1934 when he was moved to Solovki, where he conducted research into producing iodine and agar out of the local seaweed. In 1937 he was transferred to Saint Petersburg (then known as Leningrad) where, on 25 November, he was sentenced by an extrajudicial NKVD troika to death. According to a legend he was sentenced for the refusal to disclose the location of the head of St. Sergii Radonezhsky that the communists wanted to destroy. The saint's head was indeed saved and in 1946 the Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra was opened again. The relics of St. Sergii became fashionable once more. The saint's relics were returned to Lavra by Pavel Golubtsov, later known as Archbishop Sergiy.

After sentencing, Florensky was transported in a special train together with another 500 prisoners to a location near St. Petersburg, where he was shot dead on the night of 8 December 1937 in a wood not far from the city. The site of his burial is unknown. Antonio Maccioni states that he was shot at the Rzhevsky Artillery Range, near Toksovo, which is located about twenty kilometers northeast of Saint Petersburg and was buried in a secret grave in Koirangakangas near Toksovo together with 30,000 others who were executed by the NKVD at the same time. In 1997, a mass burial ditch was excavated in the Sandarmokh forest, which may well contain his remains. His name was registered in 1982 among the list of New Martyrs and Confessors.

He was posthumously rehabilitated in 1958 (of the 1933 charges) and 1959 (of the 1937 charges.)

Influence
Florensky, often read for his contributions to the religious renaissance of his time or scientific thinking, came to be studied in a broader perspective in the 1960s, a change associated with the revival of interest in neglected aspects of his oeuvre shown by the Tartu school of semiotics, which evaluated his works in terms of their anticipation of themes that formed part of the theoretical avant-garde's interests in a general theory of cultural signs at that time. Read in this light, the evidence that Florensky's thinking actively responded to the art of the Russian modernists. Of particular importance in this regard was their publication of his 1919 essay, delivered as a lecture the following year, on spatial organization in the Russian icon tradition, entitled "Reverse Perspective", a concept which Florensky, like Erwin Panofsky later, picked up from Oskar Wulff's 1907 essay, 'Die umgekehrte Perspektive und die Niedersicht. Here Florensky contrasted the dominant concept of spatiality in Renaissance art analysing the visual conventions employed in the iconological tradition. This work has remained since its publication a seminal text in this area down to the present day. In that essay, his interpretation has recently been developed and reformulated critically by Clemena Antonova, who argues rather that what Florensky analysed is better described in terms of "simultaneous planes".

Biographies

 * Site devoted to Florensky
 * Biography
 * Hagiography
 * Biography, by Abate Herman and Padre Damascene

Works

 * The Pavel Florensky School of Theology and Ministry
 * DISF: P.A. Florenskij - Voice by N. Valentini
 * Paper about some Florenskij's book
 * Florenskij in Italy - Article by A. Maccioni
 * Page devoted to Florenskij

title: Pavel Florensky


text:
Arabella

Arabella, Op. 79, is a lyric comedy, or opera, in three acts by Richard Strauss to a German libretto by Hugo von Hofmannsthal, their sixth and last operatic collaboration.

Performance history
It was first performed on 1 July 1933 at the Dresden Sächsisches Staatstheater. The opera received its premiere in the UK on 17 May 1934 at London's Royal Opera House. Two decades later, on 10 February 1955, it was performed at the Metropolitan Opera in New York with Eleanor Steber in the title role. The Met has given numerous performances of the work since that date. At the 2008 Helpmann Awards, the production by Opera Australia won the Award for Best Opera.

Synopsis

 * Time: 1860s
 * Place: Vienna

Act 1
In a hotel in Vienna

As the curtain opens, Countess Adelaide is having her fortune told. The fortune teller predicts Arabella will marry a man from far away, but that trouble may be in store. The Waldners have a second daughter, Zdenka, but since they cannot afford two daughters marrying, they have indulged her tomboyishness by pretending she is a boy, whom they present as "Zdenko." Zdenka secretly loves Matteo, a penniless officer who loves Arabella. To prevent him from committing suicide, Zdenka writes him love letters she signs with Arabella's name. Zdenka reproaches Arabella for her unsympathetic treatment of Matteo, but Arabella says that she is hoping for the "Right Man," to whom she can give her heart completely. Meanwhile, Arabella is wooed by three suitors, Elemer, Dominik and Lamoral, and acknowledges that she may have to accept one of them, but has fallen in love at first sight with a stranger she passed in the street.

Count Waldner, in dire straits, has written to all his friends for financial help, to no avail. He was hopeful for an answer from an old and immensely wealthy Croatian friend of his, Mandryka, even sending him a portrait of Arabella in hopes of a marriage. A visitor announced as Mandryka arrives and Waldner is surprised to see that it is not his friend. The man explains he is Mandryka's nephew, also named Mandryka. His uncle is dead, and as his only heir, he has acquired his fortune; he also received the letter and portrait. From seeing the portrait, he has fallen in love with Arabella. He offers to marry her and gives Waldner money.

A carnival ball is to be held that night. Matteo asks "Zdenko," his supposedly male friend, when he will receive another letter from Arabella; "Zdenko" answers that he will have one that very evening at the ball. Arabella continues to muse about the strange man she noticed, but when Count Elemer arrives to be her escort for the evening, she tries to banish these thoughts and look forward to the excitement of the Fasching.

Act 2
In a ballroom [The Coachman's Ball]

Arabella meets Mandryka, who turns out to be her fascinating stranger. Mandryka tells her about his life and his country's customs, in which young women offer their fiancés a glass of water as a token of agreeing to be married. Mandryka tells Arabella that she will be mistress of all the things he owns, and that she will be the only thing ranked above him besides the Emperor himself; Arabella happily agrees to marry him, saying, "I give myself to you, for eternity." Then Mandryka agrees to Arabella's request that she be allowed to stay for another hour to say farewell to her girlhood, during which she thanks her suitors for their interest in her and bids them goodbye.

Meanwhile, Zdenka gives Matteo a letter with the key to the room next to Arabella's, saying that it is Arabella's room and promising that Arabella will meet him there that night. Mandryka overhears this conversation and, mad with jealousy and disappointment (after first trying to evade these feelings), raises a commotion, flirting with the Fiakermilli, the ball's mascot. Since Arabella is nowhere to be found, the Waldners insist that he meet Arabella to talk things out, and they head for the hotel.

Act 3
A lobby in the hotel

A passionate orchestral prelude depicts the lovemaking of Matteo and Zdenka.

Arabella enters the lobby and comes across Matteo. As Matteo is in love with Arabella and thinks it is she with whom he has just made love in a darkened room, their conversation is at once confused and emotional. The Count, the Countess, and Mandryka arrive and further the misunderstanding. After Mandryka accuses Arabella of infidelity and plans to go back to his land, Zdenka rushes in, no longer in disguise and in her negligee (making it clear that it was she who had the encounter with Matteo). She declares her intention to drown herself in disgrace. The situation is finally cleared up. Matteo learns that the letters were forged by Zdenka and that it was she and not Arabella in the room. He suddenly realizes he is in love with Zdenka, whom he agrees to marry. Mandryka begs forgiveness, and Arabella tells him they will think no more of the night's events. Arabella asks his servant to bring her a glass of water, and Mandryka thinks she has requested it for her refreshment. Arabella goes upstairs and Mandryka, ruminating on his indecorous behavior and blaming himself, stays downstairs. Arabella comes down the stairs and, seeing that he has stayed and having forgiven him, offers him the glass of water, signifying reconciliation and marriage. They happily kiss and Arabella goes up the stairs to her room.

Instrumentation

 * Woodwinds: 2 flutes, piccolo (doubling on 3rd flute), 2 oboes, English horn, 3 clarinets, bass clarinet, 3 bassoons (3rd doubling on double bassoon)
 * Brass: 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, bass tuba
 * Other: timpani, harp, strings

title: Arabella


text:
UEFA European Under-21 Championship

The UEFA European Under-21 Championship, the UEFA Under-21 Championship or simply the Euro Under-21, is a biennial football competition contested by the European men's under-21 national teams of the UEFA member associations. Since 1992, the competition also serves as the UEFA qualification tournament for the Summer Olympics.

Italy and Spain are the most successful teams in this competition, having won five titles each. England are the current champions, having beaten Spain 1–0 in the 2023 final.

History

The competition has existed in its current form since 1978. It was preceded by the Under-23 Challenge Cup which ran from 1967 to 1970. From the teams that applied for participation, two teams were selected by lot. These teams in the match between themselves revealed the winner of the main trophy. The winner was obliged to play with those teams that called him to the next meeting. These matches were initially held no more than once every three months, starting from the fourth tournament - in spring and autumn. In the event that several teams challenged the winner, the order of opponents was determined by lot. The cup holder was allowed to play games at home. Only two teams held that trophy: Bulgaria and Yugoslavia. In 1970, the tournament was replaced by the European Youth Championship.

A true Under-23 championship was then formed, starting in 1973. The tournament ran parallel to the existing main UEFA youth tournament that existed after the World War II (today the under-19 competitions). Around 1980, the UEFA reformed its junior squad competitions and reorganized them based on age limit only.

The age limit was reduced to 21 for the 1978 championship and it has remained so since. To be eligible for the campaign ending in 2025, players must be born in 2002 or later. Many may actually be 23 years old by the time of the final tournament; however, when the qualification process began (2023), all players would have been 21 or under.

Under-21 matches were typically played on the day before senior internationals and where possible, the same qualifying groups and fixtures were played out. This has changed since the 2006 edition.

The tournament's record attendance was set during the knockout stage of the 2023 edition, when 44,338 spectators gathered for the match between hosts Georgia and Israel.

Format
Up to and including the 1992 competition, all entrants were divided into eight qualification groups, the eight winners of which formed the quarter-finals lineup. The remaining fixtures were played out on a two-legged, home and away basis to determine the eventual winner.

For the 1994 competition, one of the semi-finalists, France, was chosen as a host for the (single-legged) semi-finals, third-place playoff and final. Similarly, Spain was chosen to host the last four matches in 1996.

For 1998, nine qualification groups were used, as participation had reached 46, nearly double the 24 entrants in 1976. The top seven group winners qualified automatically for the finals, whilst the eighth- and ninth-best qualifiers, and, played-off for the final spot. The remaining matches, from the quarter-finals onward, were held in Romania, one of the eight qualifiers.

The 2000 competition also had nine groups, but the nine winners and seven runners-up went into a two-legged playoff to decide the eight qualifiers. From those, Slovakia was chosen as host. For the first time, the familiar finals group stage was employed, with the two winners contesting a final, and two runners-up contesting the third-place playoff. The structure in 2002 was identical, except for the introduction of a semi-finals round after the finals group stage. Switzerland hosted the 2002 finals.

In 2004, ten qualification groups were used, with the group winners and six best runners-up going into the playoff. Germany was host that year. For 2006, the top two teams of eight large qualification groups provided the 16 teams for the playoffs, held in November 2005. Portugal hosted the finals.

Then followed the switch to odd years. The change was made because the senior teams of many nations often chose to promote players from their under-21s team as their own qualification campaign intensified. Staggering the tournaments allowed players more time to develop in the under-21 team rather than get promoted too early and end up becoming reserves for the seniors.

The 2007 competition actually began before the 2006 finals, with a qualification round to eliminate eight of the lowest-ranked nations. For the first time, the host (Netherlands) was chosen ahead of the qualification section. As hosts, qualified automatically. Coincidentally, the Dutch team had won the 2006 competition – the holders would normally have gone through the qualification stage. The other nations were all drawn into fourteen three-team groups. The 14 group winners were paired in double-leg play-off to decide the seven qualifiers alongside the hosts.

From 2009 to 2015, ten qualification groups were used, with the group winners and four best runners-up going into the two-legged playoffs.

The 2015 finals was to be the last eight teams edition, as UEFA expanded the tournament to twelve teams starting from the 2017 edition.

On 6 February 2019, UEFA's Executive Committee increased the number of participants in the finals to sixteen teams, starting from the 2021 edition.

Comprehensive team results by tournament

 * Legend

 * – Champions
 * – Runners-up
 * – Third place
 * – Fourth place
 * – Semi-finalists

 * QF – Quarter-finals
 * GS – Group stage
 * q – Qualified
 * – Hosts

 * • – Did not qualify
 * × – Did not enter
 * × – Withdrew before qualification / banned

 * Notes
 * 1 Includes results representing Czechoslovakia
 * 2 Includes results representing West Germany
 * 3 Includes results representing Soviet Union
 * 4 Includes results representing Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro

Player of the Tournament
The Player of the Tournament award, formerly known as the Golden Player, is awarded to the player who plays the most outstanding football during the tournament. Since 2013, an official Player of the Tournament has been selected by the UEFA Technical Team.

Top Scorer
The UEFA European Under-21 Championship Top Scorer award, formerly known as the Golden Boot, is handed to the player who scores the most goals during the tournament. Since the 2013 tournament, those who finish as runners-up in the vote receive the Silver Boot and Bronze Boot awards as the second and third top goalscorers in the tournament, respectively.

Euro Under-21 dream team
On 17 June 2015, UEFA revealed an all-time best XI from the previous Under-21 final tournaments.

title: UEFA European Under-21 Championship


text:
Talk:Dugway Proving Ground

Mars?
Did the Army special forces train for a deployment to mars or did astronauts train for mars or is that part just a joke? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 168.30.243.32 (talk) 20:57, 3 October 2013 (UTC)

new area for area 51
Can this be the new area that they are moving some of the research from Area 51 to? I have heard about a base in Utah that they were supposed to have moved some research to as "too many people" are camping out and observing Area 51 or trying to talk to the people flying in and out with Bechtel's private airline... --Lindus 20:06, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Copyrighted image
This page contains a copyrighted image from Google Earth (Image:Dug.jpg) which has been put up for deletion (screenshots of Google Maps/Google Earth aren't fair use). A new image will be needed. Zetawoof(ζ) 09:46, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Oh boy, another paternal volunteer copyright policeman.Travb 04:53, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, and? Zetawoof(ζ) 05:19, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

 * realizing you have a problem is the first step :) I have argued until I am hoarse about copyright law, no desire to start that one up again.  You voluteers are better organized than those who take a different tact, which, in my opinion, is a really pity.Travb 08:58, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The terms of copyright are pretty clearly stated on Google Maps (nee Google Local), which says that:
 * "The photographic imagery made available for display through Google Local is provided under a nonexclusive, non-transferable license for use only by you. You... may not rent, disclose, publish, sell, assign, lease, sublicense, market, or transfer the imagery or any part thereof or use it in any manner not expressly authorized by this agreement. By using Google Local, you do not receive any, and Google and/or its licensors (if any) retain all ownership rights in the imagery. The imagery is copyrighted and may not be copied, even if modified or merged with other data or software."
 * Seems pretty clear to me. Zetawoof(ζ) 09:44, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Removed text
I removed the following text:

''Following the public attention drawn to Area 51 in the early 1990s, it has been suggested that whatever covert operations, if any, may have been underway at that location were subsequently transferred to DPG on the basis that, although the very real threat of arrest for felony tresspassing had proven insufficient to deter the curious from entering the perimeter of Area 51, the presence of biological and chemical weapons tests would prove an ample deterrent to scofflaws. The veracity of these claims is unknown. However, the merits of this strategy are undeniable. The chemical/biological/radiological identities and exact whereabouts of extremely hazardous materials are unknown to those outside the DPG community and, even then, one would presume such knowledge is limited in scope to a need-to-know basis. Thus those researching government activities at this site must takes risks equally consequential as for Russian Roulette but with no knowledge of the odds. Conversely, in the event an unauthorized intruder to DPG were assessed to be an informational threat based on the actuality or mere probability that covert activities had been compromised, there exist presumably numerous explanations for said intruder's demise (i.e., VX gas, etc.) For these reasons, DPG seems an ideal location for the undertaking of any covert and/or illegal activities deemed desirous by government agencies or the military establishment.''

It is not verified WP:verifiability, with no source, and it also appears to be orginal research WP:NOR. In addition, this paragraph uses weasel terms WP:AWW: "it has been suggested". This begs the question: who suggested it?

There are a lot of presumptions, etc. "However, the merits of this strategy are undeniable." "one would presume" "seems an ideal location" Travb (talk) 00:56, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The objections above have been addressed and the general content reposted with edits. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.15.5.195 (talk • contribs)

Newer text moved to talk
Text in bold remained in the article:

 ''Following the public attention drawn to Area 51 in the early 1990s, UFOlogists and conspiracy theorists have suggested that whatever covert operations, if any, may have been underway at that location were subsequently transferred to DPG on the basis that, although the very real threat of arrest for felony tresspassing had proven insufficient to deter the curious from entering the perimeter of Area 51, the presence of biological and chemical weapons tests would prove an ample deterrent to scofflaws. The veracity of these claims is unknown and, given the classified status of activities at both locations, unknowable. However, the alleged merits of this strategy are as follows:

''The chemical/biological/radiological identities and exact whereabouts of extremely hazardous materials are unknown to those outside the DPG community and, even then, based on standard military operating procedures, such knowledge would be limited in scope on a need-to-know basis. Thus those researching government activities at this site must risk serious illness and/or death with no knowledge of the attendent probability of such outcomes.

''Furthermore, in the event an unauthorized intruder to DPG were assessed to be an informational threat based on the actuality or mere probability that covert activities had been compromised, there exist presumably numerous explanations for said intruder's demise (i.e., VX gas, etc.) For these reasons, it is understanable why the aforementioned parties consider DPG to be Area 51's successor location for the undertaking of any covert and/or illegal activities deemed desirous by government agencies or the military establishment.

''*Article: Is Dugway the New Groom Lake?

I appreciate your contributions anon. I added a quote from the Deseret News article you provided. Thanks for the link.

Unfortunatly, the site you citied was a conspiracy theory site. As the guidelines state: Wikipedia articles should use reliable published sources. Please read over: Reliable_sources particularly Reliable_sources  and Reliable_sources.

I want to encourage you to continue editing on wikipedia, but please use reliable, verifiable sources.

Please read over WP:NOR because the next two paragraphs seem like speculation (maybe from the conspiracy website you listed.

Also please sign your posts with ~.

I look forward to your future edits. I will look into the DPG alien thing on lexis nexis academic. Travb (talk) 09:44, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I added 4 articles to this site, I didn't read the full Popular mechanics article though. Maybe you can add relevant information from any of these articles.

 * Anon, I am open to new ideas, I researched and then created: Cia after someone like yourself insisted on UFO info on the CIA page. Travb (talk) 10:12, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Don't understand objection to the text in bold.

"Following the public attention drawn to Area 51 in the early 1990s, UFOlogists and conspiracy theorists have suggested that whatever covert operations, if any, may have been underway at that location were subsequently transferred to DPG" is an undeniable factual statement.

This opinion is expressed by UFOlogists and alien-conspiracy "experts" in all recent programming concerning Area 51 found on Discovery Channel, History Channel, The Science Channel, etc. The article link you removed supports that a bona fide subset of Area 51 "watchers" believes Dugway is the new Area 51.

Here is another similar site maintained by a different, similarly opinioned, individual: http://www.aliendave.com/UUFOH_DugwayProvingGrounds.html

Also, you'll find substantial discussion on this topic by Googling "dugway area 51"

24.15.5.195 15:39, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

 * If you notice, the text in bold remained in the article, it has 5-6 footnotes attached to it now...

 * I will look over the sites provided, and add back all of the information that is confirmed/verified later today. I am really sorry about my initial skeptisism. It is like the Cia.

 * I had to do some research to confirm what was said there. My views are unpopular enough, I don't want to risk having my crediblity ruined by stating that I believe in aliens.

 * As I did here,Talk:Central_Intelligence_Agency, I will study the issue more and issue a mea culpa (apology) if I am proven wrong, which is often :) As I wrote there, which I think is important enough to repeat here:

 * ...if you want to continue to advance your CIA UFO coverup stories, I suggest you start doing real reseach. I have learned long ago that the best way to "win" a debate on wikipedia is to outsource someone. People are going to naturally be wary of anything with "UFO" in it, because of the nuts this issue attracts. So the only way that you can get a large audience to support what you write is to research what you write, and provide sources. Use amazon.com and google print. The best example in my expereince has been Business Plot.
 * Central_Intelligence_Agency has recieved a little criticism, including someone attempting to delete it, but Central_Intelligence_Agency which I completely rewrote, has recieved absolutly no criticism for months. Despite being highly controverisal sections, I think verifying every word has allowed these sections to remain unquestioned on the page.
 * I can empathize with your position, most of my views are highyly unpopular, and I often have to vigorously fight for my material to stay on wikipedia. Adding controversial material that has been deleted because of no references is a losing battle.
 * Thank you for your pateince, courteousy, and cooperation. I really look forward to your future contributions.
 * Thanks for signing your posts.
 * Again, I will read over your material later today, and include everything I can back into the article.
 * Signed: Travb (talk) 17:22, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

The Popular Mechanics article is interesting; e.g., "Studying a map of Utah shows that Michael AAF has the exact same security feature that drew U-2 developers to Area 51. It sits next to a ferocious junkyard dog. Where the Groom Dry Lake Bed had a nuclear test site to discourage the uninvited, Michael AAF has an equally, perhaps more, compelling deterrent. It is in the midst of Dugway Proving Ground, the place where the Army stores and tests nerve gas."

24.15.5.195 17:25, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I will include this in the newer edits. I was hoping you liked the article. Travb (talk) 21:22, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Moved new additions to talk
Thanks for the new contributions today, I moved them to talk. Please provide sources for the new additions:

 * A glaring omission in UFO siting reports is that the entirety of young residents whose families live and work on post have never seen a UFO. These young residents do not undergo any type of background check or security clearance, and would have nothing to lose from reporting a supposed UFO.

 * In addition, the main research facilities (Chemical, Biological, Munitions, etc.) of the Proving Grounds are open to public tours. Potential employees are given full tours of the facilities in which they will work before they are hired and well before a security clearance is granted. Speculation then lies that any potential hiding places for UFO's would lie buried in the West Desert. However, due to past testing whose cleanup was unregulated decades ago, it would be too dangerous to initiate subterranian construction in the West Desert due to the vast amounts of unexploded ordnance (UXO) and discarded chemical and biological agents, whose dumping locations were at one time unmarked.

Travb (talk) 03:20, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

2001 Anthrax attacks
There were quite a few reports linking the DPG to the 2001 anthrax attacks [1 ][2 ][3 ]. Shouldn't it be also included in the article?Froy1100 (talk) 12:08, 6 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, if there are a myriad of evidence, then it is moved from speculation, to fact. Please publish the info. 2602:306:BDBD:C00:F835:B7C4:539D:3BB9 (talk) 13:54, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

Unsourced and without context infer removed and place here for discussion
None of the stamens below make sense or are sourced:

"In October 2011, DPG established biological warfare facilities at an isolated area within DPG known as the Granite Peak Installation - UTTR's range telemetry and tracking radar installation.

In September 2013 Dugway started working on the "X" project, which involved many secret squirrel milestones. This project was completed fall of 2014."

Lestatdelc (talk) 09:20, 23 May 2014 (UTC)

Southeastern Bearded Elephants?
I'm no expert, but I don't think there is such a thing as a "Southeastern Bearded Elephant." Funny, though. Flag the "Dugway Southeastern Bearded Elephant Kill" incident section of this page as citation needed? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.0.92.83 (talk) 09:01, 27 May 2014 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Dugway Proving Ground


text: Category:Kazakhstani boxers

title: Category:Kazakhstani boxers


text:
Micrococcal nuclease

Micrococcal nuclease (, S7 Nuclease, MNase, spleen endonuclease, thermonuclease, nuclease T, micrococcal endonuclease, nuclease T', staphylococcal nuclease, spleen phosphodiesterase, Staphylococcus aureus nuclease, Staphylococcus aureus nuclease B, ribonucleate (deoxynucleate) 3'-nucleotidohydrolase) is an endo-exonuclease that preferentially digests single-stranded nucleic acids. The rate of cleavage is 30 times greater at the 5' side of A or T than at G or C and results in the production of mononucleotides and oligonucleotides with terminal 3'-phosphates. The enzyme is also active against double-stranded DNA and RNA and all sequences will be ultimately cleaved.

Characteristics
The enzyme has a molecular weight of 16.9kDa.

The pH optimum is reported as 9.2. The enzyme activity is strictly dependent on Ca2+ and the pH optimum varies according to Ca2+ concentration. The enzyme is therefore easily inactivated by EGTA.

Structure
The 3-dimensional structure of micrococcal nuclease (then called Staphyloccal nuclease) was solved very early in the history of protein crystallography, in 1969, deposited as now-obsolete Protein Data Bank file 1SNS. Higher-resolution, more recent crystal structures are available for the apo form as Protein Data Bank file 1SNO: and for the thymidine-diphosphate-inhibited form as Protein Data Bank file 3H6M:  or 1SNC:. As seen in the ribbon diagram above, the nuclease molecule has 3 long alpha helices and a 5-stranded, barrel-shaped beta sheet, in an arrangement known as the OB-fold (for oligonucleotide-binding fold) as classified in the SCOP database.

Applications

 * CUT&RUN sequencing, antibody-targeted controlled cleavage by micrococcal nuclease for transcriptomic profiling.
 * Hydrolysis of nucleic acids in crude cell-free extracts.
 * Sequencing of RNA.
 * Preparation of rabbit reticulocyte lysates.
 * Studies of chromatin structure.
 * Removal of nucleic acids from laboratory protein preparations allowing for protein folding and structure-function studies.
 * Research on the mechanisms of protein folding.

title: Micrococcal nuclease


text:
Jack Rudnay

John Carl Rudnay (born November 20, 1947) is a former professional American football center in the National Football League (NFL). He played his entire 13-year career with the Kansas City Chiefs.

Early life
Rudnay graduated in 1965 from Kenston High School in Geauga County southeast of Cleveland. He graduated from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois in 1969. While at Northwestern, He became a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity.

Professional football career
A fourth-round draft choice in 1969 for the American Football League's Kansas City Chiefs, Rudnay missed the Chiefs' championship season as a result of a back injury suffered in the College All-Star Game following his senior year at Northwestern, where he had played both center and defensive tackle.

Though drafted to an AFL team, he never played in an American Football League game, his first season being 1970, after the Chiefs joined the NFL. He went on to play 144 straight games and 178 games in all with the Chiefs, the third most ever by a Kansas City offensive lineman, and was regarded as one of the finest centers in the National Football League during the 1970s. He was the American Football Conference's starting center in the Pro Bowl following the 1973–1976 seasons.

Business career
Rudnay has served as the Chief Executive Officer of the Stone Manufacturing and Supply Company, a Kansas City-based veterinarians equipment and supply company.

title: Jack Rudnay


text:
Bowness High School

Bowness High School is a public school in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, which teaches grades 10 through 12. It is operated by the Calgary Board of Education.

The school was founded in 1956 as a junior and senior high school to serve the town of Bowness. In 1964 the town was annexed by Calgary. No longer having a junior high component, the school now serves several Calgary communities in addition to Bowness.

Some of the programs of the school include Pre-Engineering, Career and Technology Studies (CTS) and High Performance Athlete Development (HPAD). Bowness has an award-winning band program.

In 2016 Bowness officially opened its newly constructed southern wing of the school. This newly expanded wing comprises six new classrooms, a fully functioning culinary arts kitchen/cafeteria, fitness centre and Cosmetology; along with various common learning areas and new main foyer.

Notable alumni

 * Nick Blevins - Professional Rugby player - Team Canada
 * Devan Dubnyk - NHL Goalie - Edmonton Oilers, Nashville Predators
 * Amanda Forbis - Film maker won many awards including Golden Palm at the Cannes Film Festival for the short film When the Day Breaks in 1999.
 * Ryan Sceviour - Professional football player - Calgary Stampeders
 * Patti Stiles (née Atfield) - Actress internationally known for her work in improvisation.

title: Bowness High School


text: User talk:81.79.138.93

title: User talk:81.79.138.93


text:
Access:d

Access:d is a live album by the band Delirious?.

Disc one

 * 1) "Access:d Part 1 (Touch)" (Martin Smith, Stuart Garrard) – 1:44
 * 2) "Deeper" (Smith, Garrard) – 4:19
 * 3) "God's Romance" (Smith) – 5:54
 * 4) "My Glorious" (Smith, Garrard) – 6:22
 * 5) "Access:d Part 2 (Blindfold)" (Smith) – 4:00
 * 6) "Love Is The Compass" (Smith, Garrard) – 3:52
 * 7) "Touch" (Smith, Garrard) – 5:03
 * 8) "Access:d Part 3 (Rain Down)" (Smith, Garrard) – 4:21
 * 9) "Follow" (Smith, Garrard) – 4:35
 * 10) "Happy Song" (Smith) – 3:37
 * 11) "Heaven" (Smith, Garrard) – 4:55
 * 12) "History Maker" (Smith) – 8:40

Disc two

 * 1) "Bliss" (Smith, Garrard) – 4:33
 * 2) "Show Me Heaven" (Smith, Garrard) – 3:15
 * 3) "Sanctify" (Garrard, Smith) – 4:43
 * 4) "I Could Sing of Your Love Forever" (Smith) – 4:27
 * 5) "Take Me Away" (Smith, Garrard) – 3:37
 * 6) "Fire" (Smith, Garrard) – 3:56
 * 7) "Everything" (Smith, Garrard) – 4:54
 * 8) "King of Fools" (Garrard, Smith) – 3:23
 * 9) "Jesus' Blood" (Smith) – 4:35
 * 10) "Hang on To You" (Smith) – 5:50
 * 11) "Access:d Part 4 (If We'd Ask)" (Kevin Prosch) – 1:45
 * 12) "Access:d Part 5 (Dance in the River)" (Smith) – 3:05
 * 13) "Access:d Part 6 (Lord You Have My Heart)" (Smith) – 2:27
 * 14) "Investigate" (Smith, Garrard) – 8:12

title: Access:d


text:
John the Fisherman

"John the Fisherman" is the debut single by American rock band Primus. It was first released on December 30, 1989 on the live album Suck on This, then re-released a year later on May 17, 1990, this time on their debut studio album Frizzle Fry as the lead single.

The band's frontman Les Claypool said of the song: "'John the Fisherman' was written so long ago. I like to write about things I know about so that I don’t sound like a dipshit talking over my head. I fish. Some dads take their kids to football games or baseball games. My dad took me fishing. That’s what we did, almost every weekend. My uncle, my grandfather, that’s what we did. It’s a big part of my history. So, for me, it was always easy to write about. These fishing songs kept popping up, themes about the ocean, and it made it like a chronicle, a subdivision of our body of work."

The live version of "John the Fisherman" that appears on Suck on This interpolates the intro to the 1981 Rush instrumental "YYZ".

Release
Although the band did release the song as a single and filmed a video for it (featuring the band members performing the song on a boat, with a cameo appearance by Kirk Hammett of Metallica, who has been a close friend of Claypool since they attended the same school), the single had very limited success due to its being released on an indie label, and the band did not receive mainstream attention until their next single, "Jerry Was a Race Car Driver", from their 1991 major label debut Sailing the Seas of Cheese. Because of this, many overlook "John the Fisherman" and claim "Jerry Was a Race Car Driver" was Primus' first single. When Frizzle Fry was re-released in 2002, many fans who caught on during the major label days of the band bought the album, and it became a fan favorite. There was a new interest in this song, and it received some radio and MTV airplay.

Fisherman's Chronicles
"John the Fisherman" is the first part of a four-part story called the "Fisherman's Chronicles", which continued on Primus' later albums. Its immediate sequel was "Fish On (Fisherman Chronicles, Chapter II)" on 1991's Sailing the Seas of Cheese, followed by "The Ol' Diamondback Sturgeon (Fisherman's Chronicles, Pt. 3)" on 1993's Pork Soda and most recently "Last Salmon Man" on 2011's Green Naugahyde.

Reception
AllMusic writer Ned Raggett thought that the song "probably remains the most concentrated blast" on the album.

Appearances

 * Master recording in Guitar Hero II
 * South Park episode "Guitar Queer-O"
 * Downloadable track for Guitar Hero III Mobile

title: John the Fisherman


text:
T11 torpedo

The G7es (TXI) "Zaunkönig II" was a torpedo developed for German U-boats during World War II. The torpedo was electric and had an effective range of 5,700 m at a speed of 24 kn. This torpedo employed acoustic, passive homing to find its target after a straight run of 400 m. This evolution of the G7es torpedo was created to counter the Allies' Foxer noise-maker countermeasure. This weapon was never actually employed in wartime as Germany had surrendered by the time testing was fully completed.

The only known deployment of G7es (TXI) was on the final mission for GS U-534 which was depth-charged and sunk by RAF aircraft on 5 May 1945. Of the 16 torpedoes salvaged from the wreck in 1993 at least three were TXI's. One torpedo was restored and is currently on display alongside the U-boat in the United Kingdom, while the rest were picked for parts and blown up.

title: T11 torpedo


text:
User:Daveline

last name

title: User:Daveline


text: Category:World War II battleships of Germany


text: User talk:65.40.51.248

title: User talk:65.40.51.248


text: Category:Battleships of Germany

title: Category:Battleships of Germany


text:
MLPA

MLPA can stand for:
 * Marine Life Protection Act
 * a Multilateral Peering Agreement governing the exchange of traffic between Internet networks
 * Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification
 * Morningside/Lenox Park Association

title: MLPA


text: User talk:81.103.146.39

title: User talk:81.103.146.39


text:
User talk:Adamorjames

Thanks for your edits on Koopa Kid. You may not have been aware of this, but it is our policy to only link once to each article. Andre ( talk ) 20:12, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It is bad form to enclose the same word with brackets multiple times in one article, thus linking to it more than once. Andre ( talk ) 00:57, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Adamorjames


text:
IK Brage

Idrottsklubben Brage, also known as IK Brage or simply Brage, is a Swedish football club located in Borlänge. The club is affiliated with Dalarnas Fotbollförbund and play their home games at Domnarvsvallen. The club colours, reflected in their crest and kit, are green and white. The club can be seen as a continuation of IK Blixt which was founded in the early 1920s but merged into Domnarvets GoIF in 1923. Two years later the merger was split and IK Blixt changed their name to IK Brage, after the Norse god Bragi. The club has played a total of 18 seasons in Allsvenskan, which is the highest level of the Swedish football league system. They currently play in the second highest level (Superettan) where the season lasts from April to November. IK Brage also recently spent time in the third division Division 1 (2014–2017) and fourth division Division 2 between 2005 and 2009) but has mainly played in the two highest Swedish divisions since its foundation.

Creation and early rise
In the early 1920s the two Borlänge clubs IK Blixt and Domnarvets GIF merged to form a new club by the name of Domnarvets GoIF. The motive for the merger was to combine their efforts in building the new stadium that would become Domnarvsvallen. The merger did not go smoothly however as the IK Blixt members felt that there needed to be more focus on the football part of the multisport club. This caused them to want to bring back the original IK Blixt but the newly formed Domnarvets GoIF would not allow this since they technically owned the name as IK Blixt was half of the new club. So in 1925 the old IK Blixt members started up a new football club instead and decided in a meeting that the new name would be IK Brage, named after the Norse god Bragi.

After its creation, the club quickly advanced through the divisions until it reached the second highest level after the 1929–1930 season. The club would then go on to have a very successful 1930s which included playing at the highest level for the first time ever in the 1937–38 Allsvenskan. This first golden age culminated in the fourth-place finish two years later but was quickly followed by a relegation followed by a long period of time spent in the second tier.

In early years, in the winter time Brage also fielded teams in bandy.

1970s misery and 1980s success
During the mid-1970s the club had fallen down into the third tier for the first time in nearly 30 years. After spending four straight seasons at such a low level the club brought in Rolf Zetterlund from AIK as their new player manager. During his reign the club advanced quickly through the divisions and made their return to the highest level in the 1980 Allsvenskan where they finished in fourth place, again matching their best ever finish. That same year the club also came close to winning their first major title as they finished runners-up in Svenska Cupen. The success would continue throughout the 1980s as Brage established themselves as an Allsvenskan club. During this period, which is the most successful in club history, Brage finished in the top five three times. This qualified them to compete in the UEFA Cup on several occasions where they played against clubs like Werder Bremen and Inter Milan.

1990s relegation from Allsvenskan
Brage was relegated to the second tier in 1990 and then again in their latest Allsvenskan season in 1993 after having spent the entire year in last place from the first to the last round of the league. After that they have not been able to come back to Allsvenskan.

2000s performance in Superettan and struggling in Division 1 and 2
Things got even worse at the start of the new millennium when the club was relegated first into the third tier but then also into the fourth, a level which the club hadn't played at since its creation in the 1920s. However, they have since bounced back and reestablished themselves in the second tier of swedish football which is from the year 2000 called Superettan.

2010s successful comeback to Superettan and a new level of misery
IK Brage qualified against Qviding in 2009 and was promoted to Superettan for the first time since 2004. Much thanks to great team spirit influenced by the manager Lennart "Kral" Andersson", who was very popuplar among the supporters in Serik Fans. But in 2013 everything collapsed. The new chairman Tommy Andersson and the sports director contracted a lot of experienced but controversial players like Dulee Johnson, Jan Tauer and Njogu Demba Nyrén. Brage only won two games that season and half of the squad left the team before the season was over. The club was relegated to Division 1 once again and was almost in bankruptcy in 2014 and 2015 due to the failed investments in 2013. In 2019, Brage qualified for promotion playoff against Kalmar FF after a dramatic last game of the season.

Notable players
The following players have received the player of the year award that supporter group "Serik Fans" started giving out in 1996, or are listed as either "club legends" or foreign players with over 50 games at the club on the official Brage website.

 * 🇸🇪 Algot Ström
 * 🇸🇪 Erik Eriksson
 * 🇸🇪 Hugo Zetterberg
 * 🇸🇪 Ingvar "Slana" Österberg
 * 🇸🇪 Tore Åhs
 * 🇸🇪 Stig "Lill-Massa" Johansson
 * 🇸🇪 Sture Lindvall
 * 🇸🇪 Thomas Nilsson
 * 🇸🇪 Rolf Zetterlund
 * 🇸🇪 Nils-Erik "Serik" Johansson
 * 🇸🇪 Bernt Ljung
 * 🇧🇬 Plamen Nikolov
 * 🏴 Simon Hunt
 * 🇸🇪 Göran Arnberg
 * 🇸🇪 Fredrik Söderström
 * 🇸🇪 Jon Persson
 * Duško Radinović
 * 🇸🇪 Joel Cedergren
 * 🇸🇪 Martin Ericsson
 * 🇸🇪 Daniel Brandt
 * 🇸🇪 Johan Norell
 * 🇸🇪 Lasse Nilsson
 * 🇸🇪 Mikael Eklund
 * 🇸🇪 Jimmy Rajala
 * 🇸🇪 Jonathan Lundevall
 * 🇸🇪 Niclas Olausson
 * 🇬🇲 Kebba Ceesay
 * 🇸🇪 Jon Åslund
 * 🇸🇪 Pontus Hindrikes
 * 🇸🇪 Johan Eklund
 * 🇸🇪 Gerhard Andersson
 * 🇸🇪 Adam Gradén
 * 🇸🇪 Niklas Sandberg

Managers

 * 🇸🇪 Harry "Dicko" Magnusson (1933)
 * 🇭🇺 József Nagy (1935–42)
 * 🇳🇴 Kristian Henriksen (1942)
 * 🇸🇪 Otto Karlsson (1943–44)
 * 🇸🇪 Erik Eriksson (1943–44)
 * 🇸🇪 Erik Eriksson (1947)
 * 🇸🇪 Sigvard Hjärpe (1948)
 * 🇸🇪 Gösta Eriksson (1951–52)
 * 🇸🇪 Bertil Nordahl (1953–55)
 * 🇸🇪 Gösta Eriksson (1955–57)
 * 🇸🇪 Erik Eriksson (1958–59)
 * 🇸🇪 Holger Hansson (1960)
 * 🇸🇪 Sigvard Hjärpe (1961)
 * 🇸🇪 Lennart Samuelsson (1962–66)
 * 🇸🇪 Bertil Bäckvall (1967–69)
 * 🇸🇪 Imre More (1970)
 * 🇸🇪 Lennart Samuelsson (1971–73)
 * 🇸🇪 Gösta Eriksson (1974)
 * 🇸🇪 Björn Bettner (1975–76)
 * 🇸🇪 Rolf Zetterlund (1977–80)
 * 🇸🇪 Kent Karlsson (1981–82)
 * 🇸🇪 Conny Granqvist (1983)
 * 🇸🇪 Kenneth Rosén (1984–85)
 * Jan Mak (1986)
 * 🇸🇪 Håkan Sundin (1987)
 * 🇸🇪 Jan Lindstedt (1988)
 * 🇫🇮 Tommy Lindholm (1989)
 * 🇸🇪 Kjell Pettersson (1990–93)
 * 🇸🇪 Roger Lundin (1994–96)
 * 🇸🇪 Thomas Nilsson (1997)
 * 🏴 Simon Hunt (1998–99)
 * 🇷🇺 Sergei Prigoda (2000–02)
 * 🇸🇪 Roger Lundin (2002)
 * 🇸🇪 Bernt Ljung (2003–04)
 * 🇸🇪 Göran Bergort (2004)
 * 🇸🇪 Lars Ericson (2005–06)
 * 🇸🇪 Björn Lindén (2007)
 * 🇸🇪 Anders Sjöö (2008)
 * 🇸🇪 Johan Hällman (2008)
 * 🇸🇪 Lennart "Kral" Andersson (2009–10)
 * 🇸🇪 Pelle Johansson (2011)
 * 🇸🇪 Lennart "Kral" Andersson (2011)
 * 🇸🇪 Hans Gren (2011)
 * 🇸🇪 Jonas Björkgren (2011)
 * 🇸🇪 Bo Wålemark (2012)
 * 🇸🇪 Örjan Glans (2012)
 * 🇸🇪 Conny Karlsson (2013)
 * Zvezdan Milosevic (2013)
 * 🇸🇪 Bo Wålemark (2014)
 * 🇸🇪 Bengt Ottosson (2015–2017)
 * 🇸🇪 Klebér Saarenpää (2018–)

Season to season
* League restructuring in 2006 resulted in a new division being created at Tier 3 and subsequent divisions dropping a level.

League

 * Division 1 Norra:
 * Winners (1): 2017
 * Runners-up (1): 2009
 * Division 1 Östra:
 * Winners (1): 1992
 * Division 2 Norra:
 * Winners (6): 1933–34, 1934–35, 1936–37, 1941–42, 1942–43, 1979
 * Runners-up (4): 1930–31, 1932–33, 1935–36, 1978
 * Division 2 Norra Svealand:
 * Winners (1): 2007
 * Runners-up (1):2006
 * Division 2 Svealand:
 * Winners (3): 1955–56, 1965, 1967
 * Division 2 Västra Svealand:
 * Winners (1): 2003
 * Division 3 Norra:
 * Winners (1): 1948–49
 * Division 3 Norra Svealand:
 * Winners (1): 1972
 * Runners-up (2):1974, 1975
 * Division 3 Uppsvenska:
 * Winners (1): 1929–30
 * Division 3 Västra Svealand:
 * Winners (1): 1977
 * Runners-up (1):1976

Cups

 * Svenska Cupen:
 * Runners-up (1): 1979–80

title: IK Brage


text:
Coelebs in Search of a Wife

Coelebs in Search of a Wife (1808), titled in full as 'Coelebs in Search of a Wife. Comprehending Observations on Domestic Habits and Manners, Religion and Morals.', is a novel by the British Christian moralist Hannah More. It was followed by Coelebs Married in 1814.

The novel focuses on Coelebs—whose name is a Latin word meaning "single, unmarried"—a well-to-do young man who tries to find a wife who can meet the lofty moral requirements laid down by his now-deceased mother.

Coelebs in Search of a Wife was extremely popular when it was published. It combined its novelistic narrative with religious lessons, which helped it to become the first nineteenth century novel to be accepted enthusiastically by the large religious reading public (in Britain, the novel had often been seen as an unrespectable and even immoral literary form).

Maria Edgeworth, in an 1810 letter to Mrs. Ruxton, claims that the bachelor was modelled on a Mr. Harford of Blaise Castle.

Frank Muir said, "It is now high on the list of the world's most unreadable books".

title: Coelebs in Search of a Wife


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Post Pattern

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. Request pulled by submitter (myself) after better suggestion by User:Kewp. Wikibofh 14:30, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Post Pattern & Wheel pass
Delete: I've taken this information and integrated it into American football strategy. I don't see how this can ever be more than a stub, or a part of a separate article on passing plays if that section gets too large Wikibofh 20:14, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Why not just redirect Post Pattern to American football strategy? why put it on AFD?--Kewp (t) 20:29, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Good question.  Because I didn't think about it.  :)  I just did wheel pass too.  If no one has objections I will just do the redirects and then request this be closed.  Wikibofh 20:35, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Please close AfD: Per conversation here I have converted both of these into redirects.  No information was lost when I merged the information into the article and I don't think this AfD is required anymore.  Wikibofh 22:39, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment There are dozens of types of football plays. If we redirect all of them to American football strategy, the article will become 500K long. The post pattern, if not the wheel pass, could be made into a full article with a description of the route, a diagram, the fact that Paul Warfield was famous for running it, etc. I don't want to set a precedent that football plays are not to be included. -- Mwalcoff 02:21, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I would argue that if it gets to that point we would split it off into something like American football pass plays as a seperate article referenced from the main, but each of these individual plays is unlikely to ever be notable enough for its own article. Wikibofh 03:54, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment a redirect doesn't add any length to the article at all, however, Wikibofh already merged the material to American football strategy before s/he posted the article to AFD. My suggestion was to not delete Post Pattern but change the contents into a redirect.--Kewp (t) 12:55, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I have converted them to redirects. Wikibofh 15:29, 7 October 2005 (UTC) (ps:  he :)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Adrian Zackheim

Adrian Zackheim is the founder and publisher of the business book imprint Portfolio and the conservative political imprint Sentinel, both divisions of Penguin Books.

At Portfolio, Zackheim has published bestselling books, such as Purple Cow: Transform Your Business by Being Remarkable by Seth Godin, Start With Why by Simon Sinek, and The Smartest Guys in the Room by Bethany McLean and Peter Elkind.

Zackheim is also publisher of Sentinel, a conservative imprint within Penguin. There, he has published George Washington’s Secret Six by Brian Kilmeade and Don Yaeger; and Do the Right Thing and A Simple Christmas by Mike Huckabee.

Other Noted Works
Previously, Zackheim was with HarperCollins, William Morrow, Doubleday, and St. Martin's Press. He has edited many bestsellers including Good to Great by James C. Collins, The Dilbert Principle by Scott Adams, and The HP Way by David Packard.

title: Adrian Zackheim