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Talk:N1 (rocket)

Speculation and Sourcing regarding interesting facts
I recently reverted an edit that claimed the July 3, 1969 N1 explosion as the biggest explosion in the history of rocketry. I'm sure it was up there, but we need concrete evidence if we want to make claims like that. There are certainly other incidents which rival that occurence, such as the Nedelin catastrophe, when an R-16 blew up on the pad and killed >100 ppl.

 * That was only a puny ICBM though; ICBMs only need/have a few tonnes payload. The technicians were clustered around it. The N-1 was a *moon* rocket with 80+ ton payload; and so was proportionately bigger. And that particular N-1 blew up right on the pad; almost completely *full* of propellant. Other vehicles that have blown up are about as big (for example Shuttle), but blew up much later in the flight; the weight goes down very rapidly from takeoff.WolfKeeper

So that is why I'm reverting the change. If someone can provide a source which quantitatively defines this occurence as the biggest (measured by damage, blast radius, or whatever) then I'm happy to have it reinserted. Btw, what do you mean by a high GLOW? I've never heard that term before.

 * GLOW = Gross Lift Off Weight. Orbital launch vehicles are about 90-95% propellant at liftoff, so the explosion scales nicely with GLOW. The N-1 rocket was almost 3000 tonnes, largely propellant. It's energy is comparable to a very small nuclear bomb (roughly 6k tonne equivalent- rocket propellant is twice as energetic as TNT).WolfKeeper

On another note, the reason I reverted a separate addition regarding the potential for success of the N1 is that it is pure speculation. Not only is it pure speculation, it does not in any way address the reasons cited for failure (resonant vibration modes and unstable exhaust plume characteristics). Given enough time and $, any engineering project can be made to work, but I'm not confident that further speculation on this topic improves the article. -Lommer | talk 06:20, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It's also speculation that it couldn't have worked though. As I indicated, the maths says it has a good chance of working. And I've met people who have built rocket engines that have been started 5000 times without any explosions, and flown them. They don't think they're ever going to have an explosion, and they've designed it to make sure they never do. They've had one or two fires, which they extinguished with fire extinguishers, but nothing catastrophic.WolfKeeper

 * At the end of the day, the Russians were and are not dumbos, and the current article implies something that cannot be proved; and something that there is good reason to believe is false; namely that rocket engines are ridiculously dangerous. The Shuttle main engines have already demonstrated better reliability than you would need to get the N-1 to work.WolfKeeper

 * Ok, you've convinced me regarding the biggest explosion bit, I'll reinsert that now. However, I still don't buy the other stuff: Yes, individual rocket engines are extremely reliable, and the russians certainly had the technical ingenuity to make a lot of things work, but your numbers and examples do not address the deficiencies cited in the article. The fact remains that the N1 attempted to combine 4 or 5 times as many engines in a single vehicle than has been achieved before or since. Also, I don't see how the article originally implied that it couldn't work at all - I read it more as the design was rushed into production without sufficient testing and some serious, underlying flaws went unnoticed. As it stands right now the article doesn't directly speculate at all on the rockets practicality. -Lommer | talk 18:20, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Don't forget, every additional component, alone additional motor, adds a new chance to fail & kill you. The N-1 was a dog because Sov metals tech wasn't up to building hi-temp, hi-perf motors like the F-1. (I think there's also a problem with Sov fuels--they couldn't produce cryogenics, or something--& so they couldn't get nuf Isp.)
 * On the other hand...since then, the Kuznetzov NK-33 has run longer than any other motor ever... (Or so I hear.) Trekphiler 23:06, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The F-1 wasn't particularly high performance. The NK-33 performs better on every metric (particularly including Isp) except thrust (Nk-33 is a smaller engine). The Russians had had problems scaling up their engines to F-1 sizes; and quite frankly so did the Americans, they had enormous problems, but with better funding they managed to work through it, but it was a close run thing. The other thing that the Americans mastered was the deeply cryogenic hydrogen fuelled engines- these are lighter, fully fuelled, so improve the overall vehicle performance when used on an upper stage, as with the Saturn-V.WolfKeeper 12:14, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

 * That's generally the case in most mass-ejectile space propulsion designs out there: One must trade Isp for thrust. So depending on which metric you use for performance you're gonna prefer one engine or the other. -User:Lommer | talk 02:33, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Reading this entire thread says one thing to me, you all need to listen to WolfKeeper as he knows what he is talking about. ☭Soviet☭ (talk) 21:05, 1 July 2014 (UTC)

Problems?
In this section the article says: "There was also the factor that the N1's Baikonur launch complex could not be reached by heavy barge so for transport by rail all the stages had to be broken and re-assembled. Because of this, the complex and destructive vibrational modes (which ripped apart propellant lines and turbines) as well as exhaust plume fluid dynamic problems (causing vehicle roll, vacuum cavitation, and other problems) were not discovered and worked out before flight."

Is there proof that transport by heavy barge could have identified these failure modes? Also the way the article is currently written, it sounds exhaust plume fluid dynamic problems may have been part of the lack of transport by heavy barge - which I assume wasn't the case. This paragraph could use clarification by someone familiar with the N1. - Thanks.

 * Is the point of the comment that the N1 stages had to be built in small sections for transport, so they couldn't be tested all-up until they were assembled at the launch site?

 * I believe that's the case. NASA test-fired the Saturn V stages before the all-up launch tests, but the Soviets couldn't do the same for the N1 stages (though presumably they could have done after they arrived at the launc site?) Mark Grant 14:31, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

The problem really wasn't one of transport, but of expense. It was deemed too expensive to build a test stand capable of test-firing the entire first stage (which, as mentioned, could have been built at Baikonur). For that matter, though, the heart of the problem was design; the problems mentioned, both caused and compounded by needing thirty engines in the first stage, may have been insurmountable.--172.190.176.51 (talk) 03:49, 11 August 2012 (UTC)

 * You hit the nail on the head with the lack of test stands. The last launch 7L almost flew to Block A burnout. In fact they could have staged it early and burned Block B longer for a successful mission. The problems were not unsurmoutable. It's just that the testing of Block A was carried out in flight and they did slowly get there. In James Harfords book (Korolevs biographer), most of the Soviet rocket scientists interviewed agree that vehicles 8L and 9L with the newer NK-33's would have probably delivered a successful launch finally. I tend to agree. The Saturn V had the benefit of static test firing the entire S1C cluster of 5 F1s, the N1 Block A did not. Lets not forget that there were massive problems that had to be solved with the S1C during those static tests, it was no "walk in the park" so to speak. ☭Soviet☭ 20:10, 29 June 2014 (UTC)

N-1 images
What is the word one Russian government images from the USSR period, are they copyrighted?Chris H 23:23, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

N-1 full naming
All of soviet space systems (spacecrafts, launchers etc) after development under letter-figure designation obtained the open name in the form of any word. What open name intended for N-1 if program N1-L3 not be cancelled?
 * According to some sources, official open name for N-1 in case of success intended to be 'Raskat' (peal on Russian) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.232.124.119 (talk) 15:58, 23 July 2008 (UTC)
 * As with all new Soviet spacecraft and launch vehicles at the time, no name would have been officially designated until the N1 launch vehicle was fully qualifed and deemed a success. Before that point it had no official name so it could be 'wiped from the slate', as it was after it was cancelled in 1974. ☭Soviet☭ 20:15, 29 June 2014 (UTC)

Are there any pics of the July 3rd, 1969 explosion?
I know it was the biggest explosion in the history of rocketry, could we get a pic of that on here? It'll look cool. 207.199.222.64 (talk) 02:44, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

There you go http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umLMkhdf1_o —Preceding unsigned comment added by Lm2f (talk • contribs) 05:13, 21 June 2010 (UTC)

N-1 reference material
Hope I get this right, I am new to wikis!

I have been doing considerable reseach on the N-1, and would like to propose that the article here links to it.

The main page is here: http://www.starbase1.co.uk/n1/

And I have found a great many images, not generally known, here: http://www.starbase1.co.uk/n1/images/index.html

Is this suitable?

I'd also recommend linking to the 'Novosti Kosmonavtiki' galleries showing amazing photos of the remains of the launch facilities: http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/content/photogallery/gallery_077/index.shtml http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/content/photogallery/gallery_076/index.shtml

Nick 155.136.80.173 (talk) 12:10, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

Diameter?
The text says 10 m while the side table says 17 m. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.252.209.128 (talk) 18:16, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

 * There's a good explanation for the discrepancies and have to do with the fact that the first vehicle, 3L didn't have a skirt around the 24 outer engines as wide as the later and more definitive vehicles such 7L (and 8L and 9L which were ready for an August launch at the time of cancellation in May 1974) Essentially every N1 model, mostly Block A, the first stage, was improved in some way after each test flight revealed flaws. I have added a reference with diagrams that backs up the almost 17m (16.9 actually) diameter that the table specifies. Block A was actualy 10m wide at the top near the inter-stage, I've corrected that text and will add that aforementioned reference there. ☭Soviet☭ 17:17, 28 June 2014 (UTC)

Number of stages
The Apollo had three Earth ascent stages: 5 x F1s, 5 x J2s, and 1 x J2. There were also the lunar descent and ascent stages. The N1 also had three Earth ascent stages. Are the remaining two stages similar to those in Saturn V? I believe briefly covering this in this article would help the reader to compare the two approaches to the lunar problem. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.252.209.128 (talk) 18:31, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

 * The short answer is, no they aren't. Putting the stages in consistent terms gets a bit tricky. The Saturn V third stage (S-IVB) burned about 1/3 of its fuel to get the craft into Earth orbit. So to compare it to the N1, you could say Saturn V had 2 and 1/3 Earth ascent stages. The remaining 2/3 of the third stage was used for Earth departure, which corresponded to the N1's third stage.
 * The N1-L3's fourth stage would have been used for midcourse corrections on the outbound flight and for lunar orbit insertion (which were done by the Apollo Command/Service Module's engine) and then thrown away. This had no counterpart on Saturn/Apollo.
 * The fifth stage would have been used to assist the LK craft on landing. Again no counterpart on Saturn/Apollo; the Apollo Lunar Module's descent stage handled the landing with no assist from an upper stage. The remainder was the Soyuz and LK spacecraft, which corresponded to the two Apollo spacecraft. This is covered in the second intro paragraph, but should be included in the body. I believe it was at one time, but might have gotten removed by someone?
 * BTW, thanks for not signing and timestamping your post, and for removing the signature from the post before yours. JustinTime55 (talk) 21:54, 20 December 2012 (UTC)

Removed section about the official name
I have removed the section about possible name because it seems consisting mostly on groundless claims ("some sources" is not a reference) and original research. It is possible to put back after any citation would be found.

START OF THE REMOVED SECTION According to some sources, it was intended to be Raskat (Раскат, "peal"), but other sources say that this name was for a military version of N1, with a few tens of super-power nuclear warheads, only. Western analysts and journalists earlier supposed and wrote that the public name was intended to be Nauka (Наука, "Science"), Lenin (Ленин), Rossiya (Россия, "Russia"), Gerkules (Геркулес, "Heracles"), or Gigant (Гигант, "Giant"), but all of these were unlikely. END OF THE REMOVED SECTION
 * I agree. As I explained in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:N1_(rocket)#N-1_full_naming ☭Soviet☭ 20:18, 29 June 2014 (UTC)

Payload to LEO
Astronautix lists 70,000kg, Russianspaceweb lists 86,182kg and the wikipage lists 75,000kg, so which is it?

--Craigboy (talk) 06:27, 22 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Energia page gives 75,000 - see also here. Alinor (talk) 06:51, 9 October 2010 (UTC)

 * 75 tonnes to LEO is for the original 24 engine design, which was never built nor flown. After Korolev decided to go for a single launch scenario like the US Saturn V Apollo, the N1 was upgraded on paper by the addition of 6 centre engines, the reduction of the initial orbital inclination to save energy, the super-cooling of propellants to increase total propellant mass and the reduction of the lunar orbit as well as increasing the thrust on Blocks B and V by a small marign (2% I think off the top of my head). All this gave the 30 engine N1s 95 metric tonnes to LEO. I've added references from good sources to back up the new figures. There are sources that state 88, 90 or 93 metric tonnes but these are interim improvements and not the definitive article as flown on the 4 test flights that sadly failed. ☭Soviet☭ 17:50, 28 June 2014 (UTC)

Scale on comparative sizes drawing
The comparative drawings photo is way off. The Saturn was 20 feet taller than the N-1. In the drawings it shows them to be equal in height. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.24.171.178 (talk) 00:11, 15 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Actually, 363 - 345 = 18 feet, but you're essentially right; that makes the N1/L3 llaunch stack 5% shorter than the Saturn V stack (including the payloads). The picture (which comes from a NASA publication) isn't scaled quite properly. JustinTime55 (talk) 16:03, 15 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Actually, that assumes that the height of the N1, with the launch escape tower (which isn't quoted), is accurately known. A better judge of the scale might be with dimensions that are known, such as the stage or spacecraft (Apollo and LOK SM) diameters. JustinTime55 (talk) 21:27, 13 December 2012 (UTC)

 * Charles Vick essentially solved all these mysteries when he interviewed Vassily Mishin back in the late 90's I think and got him to actually sign off and review his drawings comparing not only the Saturn V in its 2 configurations (Skylab and Apollo) and N1/L3 but also Chelomeis UR-700 -- Saturn V Apollo 110m and the N1/L3 with the Safety Assurance System (SAS - Soviet nomenclature) included is 105m -- http://fas.org/irp/imint/94vol47_vick.htm ☭Soviet☭ 18:22, 28 June 2014 (UTC)

 * After having a good hard long look at that picture in question, I think the scale is correct. There is a little man at the bottom of the picture. If you put that little man on top of himself 2 times, assuming he's rougly 6 feet tall, you could fit about 3 of him on top of the N1 SAS tower for the 18 feet in question! The scale is correct IMHO. ☭Soviet☭ 21:05, 28 June 2014 (UTC)

Space race
This just has to be wrong: "When Gemini missions put the US in the lead in space development, Korolev pressured Nikita Khrushchev into making a lunar landing before the US."
 * Khrushchev was kicked out of office in November 1964
 * Gemini didn't start flying until 1965, and only started to achieve the lead in late 1965 and 1966.
 * According to what is known, it was Khrushchev who bullied Korolev into not pursuing his Soyuz lunar program, in favor of trying to kluge Vostok into a Gemini competitor. History shows how well that worked out.

It is much more likely that Korolev persuaded (pressured?) Khruschev's successor to allow him to pursue the lunar program. (As with much of this article, citations are still needed.) JustinTime55 (talk) 16:38, 24 August 2011 (UTC)

Improper removal of lead information
The bulk of this article documents the N1/L3 manned lunar space vehicle; that is the major reason the subject is notable, as opposed to just being something on the Soviet drawing boards in 1959. The intro must summarize all information contained in the article, including why it was terminated (failed). The article cannot be improved by just taking a hacksaw to it. JustinTime55 (talk) 19:44, 7 September 2011 (UTC)

Incorrect comparison to Apollo program
This article says: "...a direct ascent profile similar to Apollo was selected."

But Apollo used a lunar orbit rendezvous profile, not a direct ascent profile -- right?

User:Jayintheusa —Preceding undated comment added 03:28, 13 April 2012 (UTC).

"Since there were a number of unknowns in the Earth orbit rendezvous profile that could not be tested in time, a direct ascent profile similar to Apollo was selected."
 * You're correct, even though Apollo originally chose direct ascent for a relatively short time. The sentence as written makes little sense, so I've moved it here. It's uncited and essentially OR. If this was 1966, Korolev must surely have been able to figure out that a direct-ascent three-man lander would have required something the size of the US's planned Nova rocket, or else the lunar payload would have had to be scaled down to land fewer men. They might have been forced to decide direct ascent by the fact that they had wasted time with Voskhod and so were behind in demonstrating rendezvous and docking, but this isn't stated very well. And in fact, they also ended up selecting lunar orbit rendezvous, but since their propulsive efficiency was much lower than the roughly equal-sized Saturn V, they could only take two men and land one. JustinTime55 (talk) 21:25, 13 December 2012 (UTC)

July 1969 explosion facts
Because this event is cited elsewhere, more info is needed concerning it & the vehicle. 1. The infobox should list launch weight of propellant & LOX 2. The flight paragraph should find a source for the amount of stuff remaining that blew up. It could also explain the theoretical energy of that size explosion. 165.121.80.134 (talk) 09:17, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

Pet Peeve -- ONE OF THE
Per ordinance from the Church of XKCD, can someone please delete all the "one of the" before man-made non-nuclear explosions? Flymousechiu (talk) 13:15, 28 May 2014 (UTC)

Edits of a Banned Editor's Sock
I apologize to those who have intermediate edits but in order to ensure accuracy and integrity of the editing process I reverted all the edits of the Socks of the banned editor Irongron. I was away from editing due to obligations and missed what what happening until much later. I looked over the edits and determined this was the best course of action for this article. Please see the banned editor's sock investigation here: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:JamesBWatson&oldid=618034898#A_Very_Strong_Probable_Sock_of_an_editor_you_permanently_banned_in_April_2014_User:IRoNGRoN The IP 178.216.122.254 and ☭Soviet☭ User talk:Иронгрон Иронгрон is Irongron written in the Cyrillic alphabet... are both socks of ☭Irongron☭User talk:IRoNGRoN

Readability of comparison table
The table comparing the N1 with the Saturn V gives the Saturn V's primary units as English engineering, while the N1 gives SI as primary. This results in the SI units being center-most, which should make them easy to compare (which is the intent of this table). Since by default the primary units are unabbreviated while the converted units are abbreviated, I set abbreviation off which should make them easiest to compare. (You just have to ignore the existence of the parentheses in the left column.)

There is a display=table option in the convert template which puts the conversions in a separate table column; in theory this should make it easiest to read, but I tried it, and in practice it doesn't work because it doesn't print units header rows (because all the rows have different units.)

As the table stands now, is it really unreadable? (BTW, I have what should be the identical table in the Saturn V article. Someone already switched that so the units are in consistent order, but they're both English-first.) JustinTime55 (talk) 19:23, 8 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Since this is a rest-of-world engineering article and the purpose of the table is to compare the subject (N1) with the Saturn V, I think the units for both rockets should be SI-first with imperial units parenthetical. I think that will be easier to follow than having the unit order change between columns. VQuakr (talk) 19:30, 8 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Americans have always used imperial system, so it seems more appropriate to use such for Saturn V ? Wasn't there a Mars probe that was trashed because NASA used imperial and ESA used metric, thus meters per second values were about 3 times feet per second values for de-orbit burn and this was the reason the probe ploughed into Mars rather than soft landed ? Not related to N1, but just using as an example of US imperial use and mostly rest of world metric use ? The table is quite readable as is. I found it useful. 5.56.31.175 (talk) 00:02, 25 July 2015 (UTC)
 * No, primary units are decided per-article. See WP:UNIT. Kendall-K1 (talk) 20:42, 16 December 2015 (UTC)
 * As a follow-up to this, I tried making some changes yesterday for readability, but they were reversed (however, the abbr=off for the first stage thrust was added back by a different user). My reason for changing the Total Impulse section for the N1-L3 under the orbital insertion stage was because in the converted values, the Apollo-Saturn V shows 1,733,600,000 pounds-force, and the N1-L3 shows 1.789 x 109. This prevents an easy comparison of pounds-force and requires either converting it in your head or using kilonewtons (which negates the reasoning for having the conversion listed). It can also be confusing for those not understanding scientific notation. Additionally, it is not consistent with the rest of the table (there are 12 entries that have pounds-force, and only 2 of them use scientific notation). If we aren't supposed to use lbf and flip it, is there a way to ensure lbf isn't switched to scientific notation in the conversion? (I noticed that in my original edit I missed the Total Impulse for the Earth departure stage as well.) Bassmadrigal (talk) 14:14, 24 February 2016 (UTC)
 * If the problem is the use of scientific notation in one column and not in the other, I'll see if I can find a way to fix it. Kendall-K1 (talk) 14:29, 24 February 2016 (UTC)
 * The switch to scientific notation was not asked for, and seems to be a bug of the convert template. If you can fix it, Kendal, that would be appreciated (I'm not highly literate in template-programming.) Bassmadrigal, the only reason I reverted your abbreviation=on change is because it made the units fields inconsistent, which I think is more important. JustinTime55 (talk) 15:59, 24 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes, that's my only current issue regarding the table. I tried to look for a way to prevent the scientific notation, but my google-fu skills are weak. Bassmadrigal (talk) 14:38, 24 February 2016 (UTC)
 * My initial edit included changing the abbv to off for consistency. I believe Kendall just reverted my whole edit rather than just changing back the Total Impulse section. As for the other edit, I assumed the scientific notation was a bug with the convert template, but since I had no experience with that, I figured it would just be easier to change the table to use lbf and then just flip it so it still shows the kilonewtons as the primary number. Visually, it would've solved the issue, but I guess the underlying information needs to relate directly to the sources without any conversion. Bassmadrigal (talk) 16:24, 24 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes, I reverted the whole thing. The abbr param is correct now. I don't like changing the input numbers because I've seen several cases where primary units have gone back and forth and you end up with rounding error. I tried a few things and have asked at the template talk page. I could also change it to "million foot-pound." Kendall-K1 (talk) 17:13, 24 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I'd hold off on changing it to million foot-pound, since the various thrust amounts range from "hundred thousand" to "billion" and I think it might make it more cluttered. Maybe the template can come up with a better solution. If not, I'd vote for leaving it as is. Bassmadrigal (talk) 17:52, 24 February 2016 (UTC)

Here's the current wiki code, current output, and some possible outputs: If I can't figure this out, I'd be open to changing the input numbers, with a comment containing the original numbers from the source. Kendall-K1 (talk) 18:02, 24 February 2016 (UTC)
 * 1733600000 lbf·seconds / 7956000 kN·seconds
 * 1733600000 lbf·seconds / 7956000 kN·seconds
 * 1733.6 e6lbf·seconds / 7956000 kN·seconds
 * 1.7336e9 lbf·seconds / 7.956e6 kN·seconds

As I understand it, this is what we want: Kendall-K1 (talk) 21:20, 24 February 2016 (UTC)
 * 7,711,000 kilonewtons (1,733,600,000 pounds-force)·seconds / 7,956,000 kilonewtons (1,789,000,000 pounds-force)·seconds
 * The latest would be my preference. Bassmadrigal (talk) 12:43, 25 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Per the discussion at Template talk:Convert, the convert template can't do that. I like using "million" myself but I can see why you don't. Should we just go ahead and convert manually to kN, and put the original number in a comment? Kendall-K1 (talk) 13:14, 25 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Actually the better solution is probably to not use the template at all for these two cases. Kendall-K1 (talk) 13:17, 25 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I disagree; not using the template is not a good option. What is wrong with using scientific notation on both sides? That makes comparison easy (I personally don't think it's that hard anyway, since the exponent is a multiple of 9 and we're talking about billions.) But I think you guys are beating this to death; notice essentially the same table exists in the Saturn V article (except there English units are first), and there the total impulse and payload momentum are given in scientific notation on both sides. Why don't we do it like that? JustinTime55 (talk) 15:17, 25 February 2016 (UTC)
 * My only qualm with using scientific notation is that it isn't immediately obvious how big that number is for someone who isn't familiar with it. I still have to parse it in my head to try and make comparisons to other numbers that are not in scientific notation (which is why I originally edited them). As for the comparison to the table on the Saturn V article, looking at that corroborates my difficulty in quickly comparing those numbers (I'd imagine I'm not the only one). Since the template can't accomplish this, I vote for either not use the template at all (my preference for consistency on the table) or to use million/billion rather than scientific notation. I think almost anyone understands that, where not everyone will be familiar with scientific notation. Bassmadrigal (talk) 18:02, 25 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I just thought of another point that you may be missing: the units kilogram-meter-per-second and newton-second are numerically equivalent to each other (ditto slug-foot-per-second and pound-second); therefore the total impulse and payload momentum should be formatted consistently with each other for easiest comparison (the ratio of the two is "propulsive efficiency".) JustinTime55 (talk) 15:25, 25 February 2016 (UTC)

I've been bold and changed it to scientific notation so we can see what it looks like; don't take this as final, it's just a suggestion. I like this myself. I think the argument against it is that none of the other rows use scientific notation; but that's because none of the other rows have numbers this big. Does it seem odd to talk about 106 kilonewtons? Should this be 109 newtons instead? Kendall-K1 (talk) 15:39, 25 February 2016 (UTC)
 * As per my response above, I think I'd prefer to not use scientific notation and either not use the template (my preference for consistency on the table) or to use millions/billions. As for 106 kilonewtons vs 109 kilonewtons, I don't think it is a big deal. The comparison isn't being made against kilonewtons and lbf, it's between the N1-L3 and the Saturn V. As long as the kN matches on both sides, the comparison can still be made (even if you may not necessarily understand how big the number is, you can at least tell how big it is compared to other one. Bassmadrigal (talk) 18:02, 25 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Actually, I changed my mind and agree the template shouldn't be used for the total impulse lines, since this far outstrips its ability, including how the hybrid units should be rendered. The units are "kilonewton•seconds" and "pound•seconds". I'd recommend typing these lines in manually. Don't use "millions or billions". JustinTime55 (talk) 18:27, 25 February 2016 (UTC)
 * It should be good now; no scientific notation, and the total impulse units are written out properly. Same also applies to the payload momentum (which was done that way also). JustinTime55 (talk) 18:45, 25 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I'm reasonably happy with this. I have a personal preference for scientific notation but for our general WP audience this may be best. Kendall-K1 (talk) 19:04, 25 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Works for me. Thanks, everyone, for your time and input! Bassmadrigal (talk) 19:38, 25 February 2016 (UTC)

The telemetry system relayed data back at an estimated rate of 9.6 gigabytes per second on 320,000 channels on 14 frequencies. Commands could be sent to an ascending N1 at the same rate
''The telemetry system relayed data back at an estimated rate of 9.6 gigabytes per second on 320,000 channels on 14 frequencies. Commands could be sent to an ascending N1 at the same rate'' doesn't sound credible to me William M. Connolley (talk) 21:57, 20 December 2017 (UTC)
 * If it is 9.6GB/s total that is split between all the channels, that ends up being 30KB/s per channel, which seems more reasonable (but, I don't know what the state of wireless transfer rates were back then). But if you check out the reference, it does provide a bit more insight into it (but not enough to clear it up for sure):

"The S-530 computer was developed by the Pilyugin design bureau and was used not only for the N-1 but the LOK and LK. The rocket's telemetry system relayed back high-density data, some analysts estimating at a rate of 9.6Gbyte/sec on up to 320,000 channels on 14 frequencies, so fast that eavesdropping American electronic intelligence satellites could not keep up. Commands could be sent up to the ascending N-1 at the same pace."
 * So, this makes it more clear that the 9.6GB/s is a rate that "some analysts" estimated. I think the current text on the article doesn't convey that well enough.--Bassmadrigal (talk) 02:32, 21 December 2017 (UTC)
 * That does seem pretty implausible; it is like 6 orders of magnitude faster than the Apollo telemetry. VQuakr (talk) 03:19, 21 December 2017 (UTC)
 * up to 320,000 channels on 14 frequencies doesn't really make sense. It is possible that there were ~20k channels on each frequency, but in that case they were (presumably) timesharing on the frequency. Perhaps someone has simply done the wrong calculation. Reducing the number by a factor of 20k would make it a more believable William M. Connolley (talk) 09:11, 21 December 2017 (UTC)

What launch facilities required - Transporter-erector
Was it assembled/integrated vertically or horizontally ? Either way, how was it transported to the launch pad and was the mechanism made or modified especially for the N1 ? - Rod57 (talk) 17:46, 30 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Found this wonderful page Differences between N-1 Variants which has images after horizontal integration, and showing the transporter/erector. Everything seems to be running on railway track. - Rod57 (talk) 13:44, 19 January 2019 (UTC)
 * That starbase URL sadly no longer works. Try ''Identifiying the different N-1 variants - Shows the first N-1 partly erected. - Rod57 (talk) 11:20, 12 October 2022 (UTC)

Clarify use of 'stage'
Article says "During the N1's lifetime, a series of improved engines was introduced to replace those used in the original design. The first stage used an adaptation of the NK-15 known as the NK-33, the second stage a similar modification known as the NK-43, and finally the third stage used the NK-31. The resulting modified N1 was known as the N1F, but did not fly before the project's cancellation." Perhaps the 'stage's do not refer to the structure of the N1, but to sequential improvements in the engine design. If true, could we reword 'stage' to 'improvement' or 'variant' ? - Rod57 (talk) 13:39, 19 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Maybe they were the physical stages, but see the engine details comment below. - Rod57 (talk) 11:53, 14 October 2022 (UTC)

9.6 GB/s
I've tagged the statement as dubious and will remove it in a few days if nobody objects. Concerns have been raised in 2017 and consensus seems to be that it's widely inaccurate. I don't think the statement can be salvaged with something like "some estimates say...", it's just nonsensical. Isa (talk) 19:30, 21 February 2019 (UTC)
 * I've removed two sentences: "The telemetry system relayed data back at an estimated rate of 9.6 gigabytes per second on 320,000 channels on 14 frequencies. Commands could be sent to an ascending N1 at the same rate." The 9.6 GB/s part seems nonsensical and so the second sentence becomes irrelevant. I'm less sure about channels and frequencies, but since they're from the same source, I've removed the whole thing. Isa (talk) 12:24, 23 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Seems reasonable. Also pertaining to the channels and frequencies calculation done 2 sections up. There usually there has to be a guard band in between each channel to prevent cross talk, which might reduce the possibilities even further. Seems like some serious capability for what was the first Soviet digital computer onboard a launch vehicle. I have found some good references from Vassily Mishin's actual diaries translated in english which will be very usefull in this article when I get time to integrate them and maybe remove more "waffle". Tito Jugoslavchenko (talk) 10:13, 7 March 2019 (UTC)

How many people died ?
I heard somewhere, can't remember where, that man engineers and technicians died on the explosion of the second attempt. I cannot find references for that. This should be mentioned. --Io Herodotus (talk) 16:07, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
 * It was during the first attempt. --Io Herodotus (talk) 12:16, 17 July 2019 (UTC)

How'd they die in the first attempt? The launch failed in the air. Gregolego (talk) 19:32, 19 July 2019 (UTC)
 * During the first test the rocket exploded killing 91 people.
 * Perhaps this site isn't credible. --Io Herodotus (talk) 15:57, 20 July 2019 (UTC)
 * That link does not include any N1 accidents. 5Ept5xW (talk) 17:52, 20 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Look closely "February 1969". --Io Herodotus (talk) 10:05, 21 July 2019 (UTC)
 * includes many details and the estimated monetary damage caused by the failed launch, doesn't mention fatalities. lists a disaster with 44 fatalities as one of the three worst Soviet rocket accidents. 5Ept5xW (talk) 17:36, 21 July 2019 (UTC)
 * This is what I can read: "February 1969 - The Soviet Union's N1 Moon booster explodes during its first test flight, killing 91 people on the ground. The accident is not made public until 1995." --Io Herodotus (talk) 16:12, 26 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Ok, I have two secondary sources that say that that didn't happen, you have one secondary source that alleges that the accident was fatal. As it happens, I can read too. 5Ept5xW (talk) 18:04, 26 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Ok I agree with you, this sources is unreliable. I was wondering about the second test, are we sure nobody died as it was one of the largest artificial non-nuclear explosions in human history? --Io Herodotus (talk) 08:12, 28 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Maybe you should do some research and figure that out for yourself. However, since the explosion occurred in the middle of a safety area specifically intended to prevent fatalities in the event that the rocket exploded I kinda doubt you'll find anything. 5Ept5xW (talk) 08:19, 28 July 2019 (UTC)
 * One more source citing the 91 deaths figure, even if it sounds contradictory: "THE FIRST TEST flight of the Soviet Union's giant N1 Moon booster ended in an explosion at T+70s on 21 February, 1969, killing 91 people on the ground near the Baikonur Cosmodrome, it has been revealed on Russian television.
 * Although some details of the flight have been revealed, the fatalities were not. " 87.17.255.81 (talk) 23:46, 22 April 2023 (UTC)

Design decisions/aerodynamics
I was wondering if there is any info on the "lattice" interstage? Is it lighter than a "solid" (or sheet metal I guess it would be). Does it generate a lot of turbulence, not streamlined well? Why did the designer choose this design.

Similarly with the "conical" design verus cylindrical. Why'd they go that way? Are russsians still doing it this way?Feldercarb (talk) 17:36, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

 * The lattice interstage is very common in the Russian/Soviet designs, because these rockets "hotstage", in that the upper stage engines start firing before the lower stage burnout and separation, to avoid the need for ullage motors. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Leonardorejorge (talk • contribs) 08:44, 19 May 2020 (UTC)

 * As someone who lives in the former USSR and has studied the space progrramme since childhood, yes I concur with Leonardorejorge. This is exactly the reasons for this tyoe of setup. Tito Jugoslavchenko (talk) 08:07, 19 January 2021 (UTC)

"Also, the system ended up drawing 25V instead of its designed 15V"
I don't believe this is correct. Voltage is not drawn, it is generated. Electrical current is drawn. I don't have the technical knowledge of this system to correct this line. Parrot of Doom 10:43, 29 January 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 01:09, 9 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Super heavy-lift launch vehicles.png

Supposedly some wrong information on engines ?
Everyday Astronaut on YT is saying (cued up below) that Wikipedia (and others) have wrong information on which engines were on which stages... Maybe someone wiser than me could check this ? Always love an accurate (as possible) Wiki !

Well, Wikipedia is evidently blacklisting YT URLs today so search YT for...

"The Entire Soviet Rocket Engine Family Tree"

At time 1:03:10 Was published on On Nov 24, 2021

boB K7IQ (talk) 06:44, 3 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Video At "The Entire Soviet Rocket Engine Family Tree" - The N-1 segment is 58-67 mins in. The engine details at ~62 mins :
 * Stage 1 "Block A" 30 x NK15
 * Stage 2 "Block B" 8 x NK15V
 * Stage 3 "Block B" (sic) 4 x NK19
 * Stage 4 "Block G" 1 x NK21
 * 'Stage 5 (LOI)' "Block D" 1 x RD58
 * - with WP comment at 63 mins. His source was FrenchSpaceGuy (?) - Rod57 (talk) 11:44, 14 October 2022 (UTC)

what does "has use" mean? - moot
in the information below the picture it says "has use", is this some sort of translate error or am i reading it wrong? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Himini (talk • contribs) 12:57, 22 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Seems to have been changed. - Rod57 (talk) 11:01, 14 October 2022 (UTC)

One of the largest non-nuclear explosions in history
Just removed this statement, plus the corresponding July 3 statement as the reference does not mention anything about it being one of the largest explosions in history and / or biggest explosion in the history of rocketry. Ilenart626 (talk) 09:51, 3 July 2022 (UTC)

How was N-1 moved to launch pad and then erected
N-1 was moved on rails to the pad, and then erected. Could mention/show what was used. No mention in Transporter erector either. - Rod57 (talk) 11:09, 12 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Just seen my similar 2018 comment above - So I've mentioned the transporter and given a link to images. I think images show it was on multiple rail tracks, but one source calls it a crawler-transporter. - Rod57 (talk) 11:39, 12 October 2022 (UTC)

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 * Super heavy-lift launch vehicles.png

Wiki Education assignment: Cold War Science
— Assignment last updated by Fappy45 (talk) 15:59, 3 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:N1 (rocket)


text:
Category:Tropical cyclones by strength

This category separates tropical cyclones by their strength. All tropical cyclone articles should be categorized in one of these sub-categories.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Tropical cyclones by strength


text: User talk:69.225.92.97

title: User talk:69.225.92.97


text: Category talk:Tropical cyclones by strength


text:
Jennifer Love

Jennifer Love may refer to:
 * Jennifer Love (chemist), American chemist
 * Jennifer Love, Miss Nebraska 1994
 * Jennifer Love Hewitt, American television and movie actress

title: Jennifer Love


text:
George Richards

George Richards may refer to:

Sportspeople

 * George Richards (footballer, born 1880) (1880–1959), English international footballer who played for Derby County
 * George Richards (Southern League footballer) (active 1911–1913), English footballer for Bristol Rovers
 * George Richards (Welsh footballer) (1874–1944), Shrewsbury Town F.C. and Wales international footballer
 * George E. Richards (1921–1992), American tennis player
 * George Richards (cricketer) (born 1807), English cricketer
 * George Richards (Australian footballer) (1888–1928), Australian rules footballer

Politics

 * George Richards (Attorney General), Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago, 1962–1967
 * George Richards (Australian politician) (1865–1915), Australian politician
 * George Richards (English politician) (died 1746), English MP
 * George Maxwell Richards (1931–2017), president of Trinidad and Tobago
 * George Richards (Warren County, NY) (active 1847–1855), American politician from New York

Other

 * George Richards (priest) (1767–1837), English Anglican priest and poet
 * George Richards (Marine Corps) (1872–1948), American military
 * George Richards (British Army officer) (1898–1978), British general
 * George A. Richards (1889–1951), American radio station and sports team owner
 * George F. Richards (1861–1950), American religious leader
 * George Henry Richards (1819–1896), British sea captain
 * George Jacob Richards (1891–1984), American general
 * George Mather Richards (1880–1958), American illustrator and painter
 * George Ronald Richards (1905–1985), British-born Australian police officer and intelligence operative

title: George Richards


text:
User:Jarekadam

My name is Jarek Miszczak. I work for Polish Wikipedia since 2003. Recently I work for project Quantiki - quantum information portal and wiki and Turcja w Sandałach.

Stats
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title: User:Jarekadam


text:
Brian Wilshire

Brian Wilshire (born 30 March 1944 in Strathfield, Sydney, Australia) is a retired radio broadcaster for 2GB Sydney. He hosted the 'Australia overnight' programme (12:00am – 3.30 am) up until 11 December 2015. The signature of the show was the tune, "Hanky Panky", by Pete Fountain.

Brian Wilshire began his radio career in November 1969 at 2NZ in Inverell. . He won almost every survey at 2GB for 36 years.

Wilshire has many interests including snow skiing, car racing (having won his class in 1993 at Bathurst), writing books (his The Fine Print was Australia's best-selling book in 1992 – source: Dymock's, Who Magazine), and playing drums in bands "Stringybark" and "Koala Soup".

Wilshire has previously expressed sceptical views on mainstream climate change science.

Controversy over racial comments
On 16 December 2005, Wilshire was forced to make a public apology, after allegedly saying on air that many Middle Eastern immigrants were inbred as a result of consanguinity and thus hard to educate.

"Many of them (referring to the carloads of youths who invaded the Sutherland Shire following the Cronulla riots) have parents who are first cousins whose parents were first cousins. The result of this is inbreeding – the result of which is uneducationable (sic) people...and very low IQ". At no stage during the discussion was there any mention of the race of the rioters. The media assumed Wilshire was talking about Lebanese.

His comments were met with outrage. "It reveals an uneducated comment on his part – they are disgraceful comments," then Premier, Morris Iemma, said.

Stephen Stanton, spokesman for the Lebanese human rights organisation Cedarwatch:

"One is [Sydney radio] 2GB and the moronic manner that gargling boofhead has been berating and denigrating you. The airwaves are useless if they are used by people such as that. The other is newspapers such as The Australian."

Following condemnation, including by Premier Iemma, Wilshire has since apologised for his comments. He has since returned to 2GB Overnights in about May 2016, only about five months after retiring.

Referencing the 2gb.com website as of 22 November 2018, Wilshire is no longer working with the radio station in any capacity.

title: Brian Wilshire


text:
Health food store

A health food store (or health food shop) is a type of grocery store that primarily sells health foods, organic foods, local produce, and often nutritional supplements. Health food stores typically offer a wider or more specialized selection of foods than conventional grocery stores for their customers, for example people with special dietary needs, such as people who are allergic to the gluten in wheat or some other substance, and for people who observe vegetarian, vegan, raw food, organic, or other alternative diets.

Health food
The term health food has been used since the 1920s to refer to specific foods claimed to be especially beneficial to health, although the term has no official definition. Some terms that are associated with health food are macrobiotics, natural foods, organic foods and whole foods. Macrobiotics is a diet focusing primarily on whole cereals. Whole cereals, along with other whole foods, are foods that are minimally processed. Whole cereals have their fiber, germ and hull intact and are considered more nutritious. Natural foods are simply foods that contain no artificial ingredients. Organic foods are foods that are grown without the use of conventional and artificial pesticides and must meet certain organic standards.

Nutritional supplements
Most health food stores also sell dietary supplements, like vitamins, herbal supplements and homeopathic remedies. Herbal supplements have never been regulated until the European Directive on Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products came into force on 30 April 2004. The Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive, 2004/24/EC, was established to provide a regulatory approval process for herbal medicines in the European Union (EU).

History

Many foods which are now commonplace in groceries first entered the market in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Efforts by early health pioneers such as F.A. Sawall, Paul Bragg, Sylvester Graham, John Harvey Kellogg, George Ohsawa, Ellen White and others spurred an interest in health food.

One of the early health food stores, "Thomas Martindale Company" is thought to be founded in 1869 by English immigrant Thomas Martindale in Oil City, Pennsylvania. Martindale advocated for healthy living and physical exercise through education and a series of books he authors. In the 1920s and 1930s health food stores gained popularity.

Frank A. Sawall, began selling powdered mineral drinks door to door and lecturing around the United States on the benefits of vitamin and mineral supplements, before opening "Sawall Health Food Products, Inc.", in 1936. It began with powdered minerals and vitamins and also sold natural and organic foods. Frank A. Sawall, a biochemist, was described as "America's Outstanding Health Teacher and Nationally known Nutritionist" in newspapers across the United States. Sawall Health Foods is the oldest family-owned health foods store in the United States, with its fifth generation of Sawall's working in the business that is located in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Health food stores in the United States became more common in the 1960s.

title: Health food store


text: Category:Education in Senegal

title: Category:Education in Senegal


text:
User:Marketdiamond

 Market Street⧏  ⧐ Diamond Way This is a Wikipedia user page, NOT an encyclopedia article., i,?#hp[]$A,GpMS, [|MTS]

". . . you may have Peace. In the world you have tribulation, but take courage; I have overcome the world." John16:33

"You're meant to be here. This moment is yours. You're meant to be here at this time."- Herb Brooks

“For an idea that does not first seem insane, there is no hope.” - Albert Einstein AKA pre-2009:

' Pages I created: '

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Cyclops Steel, Bayer USA, Mesta Machinery, Dickie, McCamey & Chilcote, Cohen & Grigsby, Sarris Candies, Oxford Development, Koppers, Mine Safety Appliances, Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel, Consol Energy, Federated Investors, Telerama, KQV, Mylan, DQE, Allegheny Energy, WOGG, WKGO,

Organizations
Official Airline Guide, Greater Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce, Pittsburgh Stock Exchange, RIDC, Pittsburgh Business Times, Women's Center & Shelter of Greater Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh metropolitan area, D. T. Watson Home for Crippled Children

People
Steel worker (disambiguation), Allegheny County Medical Examiner, Mario Longhi, John Hickton (District Attorney), Regina McDonald, Peter J. McArdle, P.J. McArdle, Robert W. Lyon, Andrew Fulton (mayor), William McCallin, Henry I. Gourley, Bernard J. McKenna, Henry P. Ford, William J. Diehl, Adam M. Brown, Joseph O. Brown, William B. Hayes, George W. Guthrie, Edward V. Babcock, Joseph G. Armstrong, William A. Magee, Charles H. Kline, Cornelius D. Scully, William N. McNair, John S. Herron, William W. Irwin, Matthew B. Lowrie, Buddy Parker, Mike Nixon, Bill Austin, Joseph M. Barr, Joseph Barr, Thomas Gallagher (mayor), Magnus Miller Murray, John M. Snowden, John Darragh, Ebenezer Denny, James Slusser, Paul Skoutelas, Dennis Veraldi, Stephen Bland, Thomas F. Carroll, John C. Calhoun (Pittsburgh), Edward N. Jones, Edward J. Brophy, Peter P. Walsh, Ben R. Marshall, Donald Parsons, Peter Burchfield, Elmore Keener, Otto Frenzel, Al Savill, William H. Davis (Pittsburgh), William P. Mullen, Pete DeFazio, Jacob Dorsey, Franklin McQuaide, Harvey J. Scott, Henry Pieper, Stephen A. Joyce, Robert Coll, William Ward (Pittsburgh), William Moore (Pittsburgh), Donald Aubrecht, Ralph Pampena, Mayer DeRoy, Earl Buford, Robert McNeilly, Earl Woodyard, William Bochter, Nathan Harper, Pittsburgh Police Chief, Darryl Jones (Pittsburgh), Samuel H. Gardner, Andrew T. Park, Russell H. Adams, Artemas Leslie, Edward C. Boyle, James F. Malone, William Rahauser, Red Dawson, Kaylor, Pennsylvania, Carl DePasqua, Sal Sunseri, Mike Gottfried, Forrest Douds, Luby DiMeolo, Joe Bach, Jim Leonard, Aldo Donelli, John Michelosen, David Dalessandro, Bobby Grier (Pittsburgh Panthers), Abby Mann, Kevin Colbert, Horace Phillips (baseball), Bill McGunnigle, Tom Burns (baseball), Al Buckenberger, Larry Shepard, Bill Burwell, Spud Davis, Jewel Ens, Richard Foglesong, George Gibson (baseball), Hugo Bezdek, Nixey Callahan, Bill Watkins, William Trent, John Herron, John Herron (New Brunswick politician), Steve Craig, Jim Lash, John E. Frank, Ken Herock, Bill Malinchak, Bob Long, Tom Matte, Robert Duggan, Terry Hanratty, Scott Zolak, Ken Karcher, Matt Cavanaugh, Gene Thomas, Sam Havrilak, Don Nottingham, Mike Archie, Jack Maitland

Buildings/infrastructure
Kelly-Strayhorn Theater, Investment Building (Pittsburgh), Westin Convention Center Pittsburgh, EQT Plaza, 11 Stanwix Street, Frick Building, One Oxford Centre, The Mall at Robinson, South Hills Village, Westmoreland Mall, SouthSide Works, Ross Park Mall, Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium, Rostraver Airport, Pennsylvania Route 576, Rubenstein Stadium, Monongahela Incline, Duquesne Incline, Washington Education Center (Pittsburgh), Mon Valley Works - Irvin Plant, The Gardens at Market Square, Eddie Dew Memorial Airpark, Herron Airport, Jefferson County Airpark,

Pittsburgh topics
Pittsburgh Police, List of television shows shot in Pittsburgh, List of films shot in Pittsburgh, List of people from the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, List of Pittsburgh sports seasons

1934 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Template:Pittsburgh Film, Pittsburgh Law Enforcement Memorial, List of nicknames for Pittsburgh, Portal:Pittsburgh/Selected quote/7, Portal:Pittsburgh/Selected quote/6, Portal:Pittsburgh/Selected quote/5, Portal:Pittsburgh/Selected quote/4, Portal:Pittsburgh/Selected quote/3, Portal:Pittsburgh/Selected quote/2, Portal:Pittsburgh/Selected quote/1, Portal:Pittsburgh/Selected quote, Talk:Braddock's Battlefield History Center, Template:Pittsburgh colleges, Template:Pittsburgh anthropology, Template:Pittsburgh medical, Template:Pittsburgh etymology, Template:Pittsburgh diaspora, Template:Pittsburgh economics, Template:Pittsburgh GreenEnergy, Template:Pittsburgh financial, Template:Pittsburgh history, Template:Pittsburgh Names, Template:Pittsburgh Technology, Template:Pittsburgh Industries, Pittsburgh Mayoral Chief of Staff, Economic Club of Pittsburgh, T:Yukon, Pennsylvania, T:Marguerite, Pennsylvania, T:Morewood, Pennsylvania, Alliance for American Manufacturing, T:Music venues of Pennsylvania, T:Port Authority of Allegheny County, C:Port Authority of Allegheny County Executives, Pittsburg Island, Ontario, Developing Unconventional Gas, Pittsburgh Channel, List of mayors of Allegheny, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh mayoral election, 1929, Four Gateway Center, Three Gateway Center, Frank or Francis (2015 film), Dapper Dan Charities, List of accidents and incidents involving the DC-3 in 1954, Mellon Green, T:Pittsburgh Police Chiefs, Pittsburgh Police Chief, Allegheny County Sheriff, C:Fictional portrayals of the Pittsburgh Bureau of Police, T:Allegheny DA, Allegheny County District Attorney,  Book:Pittsburgh, 2010–11 Robert Morris Colonials men's basketball team, Alfond Stadium (Rollins College), Template:Rollins College, Alfond Stadium, In the Name of the Law (1922 film), The Winning Season (2004 film), Head of the Ohio, Pittsburgh Steelers Radio Network, Pittsburgh Pirates Radio Network, Pittsburgh mayoral election, 1933, Pittsburgh mayoral election, 1965, Pittsburgh mayoral election, 1969, Pittsburgh mayoral election, 1973, Pittsburgh mayoral election, 1977, Pittsburgh mayoral election, 1981, Pittsburgh mayoral election, 1985, Pittsburgh mayoral election, 1989, Pittsburgh mayoral election, 1993, Pittsburgh mayoral election, 1997, Pittsburgh mayoral election, 2001, Pittsburgh mayoral election, 2005, Trinity Cathedral (Pittsburgh), Wheeling, West Virginia metropolitan area, History of aviation in Pittsburgh, Sylvia (1965 film), Pittsburgh Panthers women's basketball, Pittsburgh Media Market, Pittsburgh Bureau of Fire, Rue21, Pittsburg, British Columbia, Pittsburgh, Kingston, Pittsburg Township, Mitchell County, Kansas, Pittsburg, Montgomery County, Iowa, Pittsburg, Van Buren County, Iowa, Pittsburg, Indiana, Pittsburg, Fayette County, Illinois, Pittsburg, Walker County, Georgia, Pittsburg Landing, Idaho, Pittsburg, Utah, Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, Pittsburg, South Carolina, Pittsburg, Oregon, Pittsburgh Junction, Ohio, Pittsburgh, North Dakota, Pittsburg, North Carolina, Pittsburg, New Mexico, Pittsburg, Nevada, Pittsburg, Mississippi, Pittsburg, Kentucky, Pittsburg, DeKalb County, Georgia, Pittsburg, Arkansas, Pittsburg, Alabama, Pittsburg, Georgia, Pittsburg, Colorado, Pittsburg, Florida, The Galleria of Mt. Lebanon, Duquesne Dukes, 1882 in baseball, Allegheny County Airport Authority, Art Institute of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Passion, Pittsburgh Xplosion,  Pittsburgh Institute of Mortuary Science, Duff's Business Institute, Triangle Tech, University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg, Pittsburgh Technical Institute, Perry South (Pittsburgh), Perry North (Pittsburgh), West End (Pittsburgh), Westwood (Pittsburgh), Troy Hill, Summer Hill (Pittsburgh), Stanton Heights, Spring Garden (Pittsburgh), Shadyside (Pittsburgh), Northview Heights, Ridgemont (Pittsburgh), Regent Square (Pittsburgh), Oakwood (Pittsburgh), Windgap (Pittsburgh), North Shore (Pittsburgh), Polish Hill, Overbrook (Pittsburgh), North Point Breeze, New Homestead, Mount Washington (Pittsburgh), Mount Oliver (Pittsburgh), Morningside (Pittsburgh), Marshall-Shadeland, Manchester (Pittsburgh), Lincoln Place (Pittsburgh), Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh), Knoxville (Pittsburgh), Hays (Pittsburgh), Glen Hazel, Fineview (Pittsburgh), Fairywood (Pittsburgh), Esplen (Pittsburgh), East Hills (Pittsburgh), East Allegheny (Pittsburgh), Duquesne Heights (Pittsburgh), Chateau (Pittsburgh), Chartiers (Pittsburgh), Central Northside (Pittsburgh), Central Lawrenceville, Beltzhoover (Pittsburgh), Beechview (Pittsburgh), Banksville (Pittsburgh), Bon Air (Pittsburgh), Brighton Heights (Pittsburgh), California-Kirkbride (Pittsburgh), Carrick (Pittsburgh), Spring Hill–City View (Pittsburgh), South Side Flats, Arlington Heights (Pittsburgh), Arlington (Pittsburgh), Allentown (Pittsburgh), Allegheny West (Pittsburgh), Allegheny Center, Pittsburgh Panthers

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title: User:Marketdiamond


text: Category:Politics of Senegal

title: Category:Politics of Senegal


text: User talk:218.102.23.100

title: User talk:218.102.23.100


text: Category:Hugh Cornwell albums

title: Category:Hugh Cornwell albums


text: User talk:69.234.215.39

title: User talk:69.234.215.39


text: User talk:69.224.45.129

title: User talk:69.224.45.129


text: User talk:70.244.170.24

title: User talk:70.244.170.24


text:
Green College, University of British Columbia

Green College is a centre for interdisciplinary scholarship and a community of scholars at the University of British Columbia founded by Cecil Howard Green and Ida Green.

The college consists of a residential community of nearly 100 graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, visiting scholars and professors, and non-resident affiliated faculty and academic programming. Green College is one of only three graduate residential colleges in Canada which are modelled on the Oxbridge system, the other two being St. John's College, University of British Columbia and Massey College, University of Toronto. Green College has formal ties with both institutions as well as with the University of Cambridge and Green Templeton College, Oxford, which similarly owes its inception to the generosity of Cecil H. Green.

The college is located at the North end of the UBC campus, near the Faculty of Law, Museum of Anthropology, Chan Centre for the Performing Arts, and the Buchanan complex. Cecil Green Park House is an oceanfront mansion adjoining the college property. Dining together is an integral part of the Green College experience. The college is home to the Green College Dining Society which provides ten meals a week to residents and guests in Graham House's Great Hall.

In 1997, Green College was evaluated as "[surpassing] goals" by an independent review committee. The college's "stimulating program" earned a Peter Larkin Graduate Program Award from UBC in 1998.

History

Green College was established in 1993 thanks to a $7 million gift by Cecil H. Green and Ida Green, which was matched by the Province of British Columbia. This gift provided a home to the Cecil and Ida Green Visiting Professorship program, launched by the Greens in 1972.

History Prior to 1993
The facilities of the college campus existed prior to the founding of the college.

In 1935, the Grand Campus Washout eroded a deep ravine across the east end of the grounds. After several days of erosion, the Gardener's shed collapsed into the ravine. Afterwards, the gully was filled with debris from a nearby landslide. The shed was not rebuilt. The landslide area can be identified today by the younger trees on the fill area and a sudden decrease in elevation where the fill has compacted.

The following year the campus drainage system was constructed, terminating in a spiral drain at the southwest end of the Cecil Green Park Road parking lot associated with the college. Two more minor erosion events occurred in the summer of 1995 and 1997 when the drainage system overloaded and flooded the parking lot. A berm was constructed to prevent a recurrence of these events. Slope stability and controlling further erosion continues to be a significant issue for all of the north end of campus including the college grounds.

Green College role in APEC meeting, 1997
In November, 1997, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meeting was held in Vancouver, with the final gathering at the Museum of Anthropology at UBC. Great controversy arose when politicians instructed RCMP officers to use force and pepper spray against non-violent protesters. Green College was located near the Museum of Anthropology, directly adjacent to the official motorcade route to the APEC venue there. Green College resident and Law student Craig Jones was arrested and held for 14 hours when he displayed signs reading simply "Free Speech", "Democracy", and "Human Rights" on College property. Green College residents displayed protest banners from the windows and walls of the college. Green College residents were among those doused by pepper spray by the RCMP. Also, starting six months before the APEC summit, Green College provided event space and logistical support for an "APEC-University Forum", to discuss both sides of issues raised.

Housing Contract controversy, 2006
In order to pay for mounting maintenance costs, the college entered into an agreement with UBC Housing and Conferences during the 2005–2006 term for Housing to take over some of the administration of Green College. On 28 July 2006, residents received a new contract with terms that many residents found objectionable, with the order to sign the contract by 1 August 2006. Many residents did not sign the new contract. The deadline was pushed back several times, but eviction notices were given on 28 August to at least twenty-three of the residents.

Mandate and Motto
The college's coat of arms features two cougars grasping a flagpole above a shield, and includes the college's motto "Ideas and Friendship". It was registered with the Canadian Heraldic Authority on January 15, 1996.

Residency and Membership
Members of the college are selected through a membership committee.

Resident membership of Green College is open to UBC students who have been accepted into or are currently enrolled in a master's or doctoral degree program, UBC-appointed Postdoctoral Fellows and Visiting graduate students. A limited number of places are available each year to graduate students enrolled in degrees at other universities who have the status of Visiting Students or Visiting Scholars at UBC. Resident membership is not open to UBC faculty members.

Endowed Professorships and Lectureships
Green College has a number of endowed lectures and visiting professors every year. A major goal of the Visiting Professorship program is to enhance the intellectual environment of Green College and to provide opportunities for graduate students and faculty at UBC to interact with outstanding scholars from other institutions.

Cecil H. and Ida Green Visiting Professor
Since the first Cecil H. and Ida Green Visiting professor, Nobel Laureate Gerhard Herzberg, arrived in 1972, more than 180 distinguished scholars have participated in the CIGVP program. Visiting professors, mainly nominated by a UBC faculty member and recently recommended by a resident member, are selected by the college's Academic Committee on the basis of academic excellence and appeal to a broad audience.

Richard V. Ericson Lecture
Richard V. Ericson (1948–2007), was Professor of Criminology and Sociology and Director of the Centre of Criminology at the University of Toronto. He was founding Principal of Green College (1993–2003). His many acclaimed publications spanned police work, crime reporting, risk and regulation, insurance and governance, and the sociology of knowledge. He was especially proud of his role in the creation of Green College at UBC as a unique combination of residential academic community and public venue for non-curricular, interdisciplinary inquiry. The Richard V. Ericson lecture series is held annually and invites lecturers of national or international reputation to speak on topics of broad interdisciplinary interest. It was inaugurated in 2011 by Andrew Coyne, National Editor of Maclean's Magazine. The lectures are partly funded from the Richard V. Ericson Lecture Endowment.

John V. Clyne Lecture
The John Clyne Lecture Program, now administered by Green College on behalf UBC, is made possible by an endowment created to honour John Valentine Clyne at the conclusion of his service as Chancellor of UBC in 1984. The purpose of the endowment is to provide public lectures by individuals with outstanding expertise in one or more of the fields, namely Government, Business, Law and the Arts.

Academic Lectures and Interdisciplinary Groups
Academic programming highlighting interdisciplinary research and topics is determined each academic year by the college's Academic Committee. Regular programming includes the Green College Special Series, organized by the Principal, each Tuesday, the Green College Members' Series each Monday featuring presentations from resident members of the college, and sometimes the Writer-in-Residence and Justice-in-Residence series. Every academic year, other interdisciplinary series at the college are offered, including Cosmology, Genomics and Society; Law and Society; Modernism and Its Discontents; Nature, History, and Society; Policy Issues in Postsecondary Education; Post-Colonial Research Cluster; Religion in the 21st Century; and Science and Society.

Writers-in-Residence
Since 2000 this programme has welcomed Canadian writers of all genres. The Writer-in-Residence works with the Green College community through consultations and workshops, and coordinates a reading series through the college's academic programming for the UBC community and beyond. Writer Gary Geddes reflected on his time at Green College as a "highlight of [his] literary career". Past writers in residence have included: Merilyn Simonds, Lynn Coady, Roo Borson, Wayde Compton, Karen Connelly, Nalo Hopkinson, Kevin Kerr, Andrea Spalding, Patricia Robertson, Anne Simpson and Alison Wearing.

Justices-in-Residence
Initiated in 2001, the Justice-in-Residence program brings Justices to the college, where they participate in college life and make formal and informal presentations. Some of the past Justices-in-Residence: The Honourable Mr. Justice Charles Gonthier (2001), The Right Honourable Beverley McLachlin (Chief Justice of Canada) (2002), The Honourable Mr. Justice Frank Iacobucci (2003), The Honourable Mr. Justice W. Ian Binnie (2004), The Honourable Madam Justice Rosalie Silberman Abella (2006), The Honourable Mr. Justice Marshall Rothstein (2007), The Honourable Mr. Justice Robert Singley (2009).

Social and Community Activities
In addition to formal academic programming, a diverse array of resident committees are active at the college. Associations include: Wellness Committee, Sustainability Committee, Arts Committee, Garden Committee, Outreach Committee, Social Committee, Sports Committee, and French, Spanish and German conversation groups. The Residents' Council is a coordinating committee consisting of the committee chairs, the President of the Green College Dining Society, and one Resident Member from each of the College Standing Committees (Academic, Membership, Media and Communications) chosen by the resident caucuses of those committees.

Location and Facilities

Green College is located on the University of British Columbia's main campus on the northern side of the peninsula, dangling precariously above Tower Beach and Wreck Beach. Located on Cecil Green Park Road, just off of North West Marine Drive, the college is adjacent to Cecil Green Park House, the Departments of Anthropology and Sociology, the Chan Shun Concert Hall and the Museum of Anthropology at UBC. Green College is located at http://www.maps.ubc.ca/?412 and 49.27098°N, -123.25605°W

and is situated in the University Endowment Lands which are slightly west of the city of Vancouver.

Green College consists of two heritage buildings: the Coach House and Graham House, the latter designed by Maclure and Fox in 1915, a series of residential blocks, guest house accommodations, Green Commons, a shared kitchen complex, gardens and a patio. The original garden design was by Thomas h. Mawson. The architectural style reflects the college's west coast location and is integrated with the forested oceanside landscape.

The Coach House is home to a number of lecture series and conferences, while Graham House is the site of resident meals, galas and special events. Both buildings are also available for rental with catering providing by the Green College Dining Society. As of August 2007, Green Commons is home to the university's Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme.

Organization
The college is a unit of the Faculty of Graduate + Post-doctoral Studies (G+PS) of UBC. The head of the college is the College Principal who reports to the Dean of G+PS. Management of the college is guided through an advisory board consisting of faculty, community leaders, college residents and representatives from parallel institutions. Academic components of the college are managed through a variety of joint faculty – resident committees.

The Green College Dining Society is an independent entity that oversees the provision of meals to members of Green College and guests, serving daily meals to residents as well as providing catering services for events held at the college. The GCDS is governed by a board of directors with Executive Officers elected annually by members of the Society.


text: Category:The Stranglers albums

title: Category:The Stranglers albums


text:
Albert Brisbane

Albert Brisbane (August 22, 1809 – May 1, 1890) was an American utopian socialist and is remembered as the chief popularizer of the theories of Charles Fourier in the United States. Brisbane was the author of several books, notably Social Destiny of Man (1840), as well as the Fourierist periodical The Phalanx. He also founded the Fourierist Society in New York in 1839 and backed several other phalanx communes in the 1840s and 1850s. His son, Arthur Brisbane, became one of the best known American newspaper editors of the 20th century.

Early life and family
Albert Brisbane was born on August 22, 1809, in Batavia, New York He was the son of Mary Stevens (died 1889) and James Brisbane (1776–1851), a wealthy landowner. In 1798, James Brisbane, along with Joseph Ellicott (1760–1826) and three others, had traveled to Western New York to survey the 4000000 acre that had been purchased by the Holland Land Company from Robert Morris (1734–1806), one of the first Senators from Pennsylvania. They opened an office in Batavia to sell the land in parcels and establish settlements, which included the city that became Buffalo, New York.

Brisbane's mother, Mary, was of English descent and his father James, a Scot, had abandoned the Scottish Presbyterian Church in protest over its regimented rituals.

Education
Brisbane developed an affection for knowledge at an early age and as an inquisitive youth he learned various mechanical skills in the small carpentry, blacksmith, and saddle shops of Batavia. Unsatisfied with the quality of education in Batavia and with visions of an illustrious future for his son, Brisbane's father sent him to a boarding school in Long Island, New York at the age of fifteen. He briefly stayed at the school before moving to New York City and studying with tutors, including Jean Manesca. His New York schooling would ultimately be followed by six years of education abroad, with Brisbane studying philosophy in Paris and Berlin. He made the acquaintance of a number of prominent European intellectuals and political figures during the course of his studies.

Interest in socialism
In Berlin, Brisbane became interested in the ideas of socialism, becoming an advocate of the ideas of Henri de Saint-Simon. Brisbane was very active with the promotion of Saint-Simon's ideas for a time, but became disaffected when the movement split between the followers of Barthélemy Enfantin and Amand Bazard and dropped out of the Saint-Simondian movement altogether. Brisbane would later dismiss Saint-Simon's doctrines as "artificial and in some respects false."

Conversion to Fourierism
Searching for new ideas, Brisbane read a newly published short work by the philosopher Charles Fourier (1772–1837) entitled Treatise on Domestic and Agricultural Association and was immediately converted to the writer's ideas. Fourier, a French philosopher and writer, spent the greater part of his life attempting to uncover universal laws which he believed governed society so that productive enterprise could be reorganized on a rational basis, production expanded, and human needs more readily fulfilled. Fourier believed in a fundamental harmony of the universe and a preordained series of periods through which societies needed to necessarily travel from their primitive to their advanced state, and he considered himself a scientific discoverer akin to Isaac Newton.

In 1832 Brisbane left for Paris, where he would stay two years studying Fourier's system, including obtaining direct tutelage from the 60-year-old theorist himself He made the acquaintance of other devotees of Fourier's ideas during this initial phase of the Fourierist movement. He would return to the United States a committed believer and proselytizer of Fourier's idea of association and began work on a book to expound the ideas of his late master. Brisbane's first and most famous book, Social Destiny of Man, would see print in 1840.

Brisbane's ideas
Brisbane accepted Fourier's ideas as a matter of faith, believing that the "social destiny of man" was an immutable force of nature; once the laws of this development were identified and publicized, he believed, the regeneration and transformation of the world would be rapid and effective. On the heels of his first successful book, in 1843 Brisbane published another adaptation of Fourier to American conditions, a book entitled Association: Or, A Concise Exposition of the Practical Part of Fourier's Social Science.

Brisbane argued that the remedy to society's ills lay in the adoption of more efficient forms of production, based upon the principle of harmony of the owners of capital and those employed by them. He did not envision the elimination of the role of the capitalist, but rather the regulation of distribution of the product of labor between capitalist and worker on a more equitable basis. Paramount to increasing production, Brisbane believed, was a reorganization of society into various subdivisions called "groups," "series," and "sacred legions," based upon the natural affinities of their participants. This reorganization would boost production by building enthusiasm for labor, gathering individuals of like proclivities for common tasks.

Following Fourier, Brisbane also sought the revolutionization of the family unit, proclaiming the individual home to be possessed of "monotony," "anti-social spirit," and the "absence of emulation," through which, he felt, it "debilitates the energies of the soul, and produces apathy and intellectual death." In opposition to this "selfishness," Brisbane opposed the communal ideal of association, living in collective dwellings and sharing the common table.

Brisbane cast the adoption of Fourier's system in millennial terms, asserting that

"Association will establish Christianity practically upon Earth. It will make the love of God and the love of the neighbor the greatest desire, and the practice of all men. Temptation to wrong will be taken from the paths of men, and a thousand perverting and degrading circumstances and influences will be purged from the social world."

Brisbane at zenith
Brisbane's 1840 book was well-received and it enjoyed immediate success, gaining a broad readership among those concerned with the problems of society and helping to launch the Fourierist movement in the United States. Among those who read Brisbane's book and was thereby converted to the ideas of socialism was a young New York newspaper publisher, Horace Greeley, later elected to the US House of Representatives. Greeley would provide valuable service to the Fourierist movement by advancing its ideas in the pages of his newspaper of that day, The New Yorker, throughout 1840 and 1841, and offering Brisbane a column in his successor publication, the New York Tribune, from the time of its establishment in March 1842.

A groundswell of enthusiasm resulted from coverage of the ideas of Association in the New York Tribune, and from 1843 to 1845 more than 30 Fourierian "Phalanxes" were established in a number of northern and midwestern states. In 1844, Brook Farm, already an established Transcendentalist agrarian community in Massachusetts, formally declared itself a Fourierist community based on Brisbane's teachings.

A national movement of "Associationists' began to take form in 1843 and 1844, with a founding convention of the General Association for the Friends of Association in the United States held in New York City from April 4–6, 1844, attended by delegates from as far away as Maine and Virginia. The convention made a point of renouncing the fanciful, conjectural aspects of Fourier's writings, instead endorsing the concrete plan of association derived from his writings, in addition to its underlying philosophical framework. Work was done to create a formal "Union of Associations" to help coordinate the efforts of the myriad of small phalanxes coming into existence, and a meeting of such a group was planned for the following October.

At this critical juncture in the emergence of a practical movement, with 10 phalanxes already in existence and others at the planning stage, Albert Brisbane, the uncontested leader of Fourierism in America, made the fateful decision to depart for France to study Fourier's manuscripts there and to speak with French Associationists about their experiences. The 8-month trip effectively removed the commanding general of the Fourierist army from the campaign at its most critical juncture and is characterized by Carl J. Guarneri, a leading historian of the movement, as a reflection of Brisbane's "lifelong inability to cope with power and responsibility." With no energetic leader to replace Brisbane, the movement's momentum quickly dissipated.

Second European period
In 1877, after his new marriage to Redelia Bates, they relocated to Europe with his children with a view towards the education of the latter. The family traveled the continent for two years before taking up resident in Paris. His health in decline and suffering from epilepsy, Brisbane pursued personal intellectual pursuits and tried his hand as an inventor, concentrating in particular on an effort to create an oven which cooked in a vacuum, thereby allowing the baking of bread and pastry without the use of yeast.

In 1889, the family returned to New York state, ostensibly so that Brisbane could build a prototype of the vacuum oven which he had been attempting to perfect.

Personal life
In 1833, Albert returned from Europe with Adele LeBrun, who was alleged to be a countess. LeBrun was Catholic, which reportedly bothered his parents, and five years later, she moved back to Italy with their two young children, who historians conclude were probably Albert's; however, no record of marriage between the two has been located. One of these children was Charles Fourier Brisbane (1834-1867) whom Albert brought back to the US from Europe in 1851.

In 1847, Albert began a relationship with Lodoiska Durand (née Manesca), the daughter of Jean Manesca who had divorced her previous husband in 1844, who was later ruled a common-law wife with whom he had three children: a boy who died as an infant (1848-1849), Flora Manesca Brisbane (1857-1884) and Rosalia Brisbane, b. 1851. Later in life, Lodoiska, who never ceased to regard herself as Albert Brisbane's widow, referred to her five deceased children, in which she might have included Nina Durand b. 1837. After the death of Albert's son Charles, his children Howard Pascal Brisbane (1859-1922) and Adele Brisbane (b. 1861) lived with their grandfather Albert Brisbane and Lodoiska.

In 1853, Albert married Sarah White and they had five children:
 * Alice Brisbane (1859–1953), who married Charles R. Thursby, a writer, and was painted by John Singer Sargent in 1898
 * Hugo Brisbane (1862–1871)
 * Albert Brisbane
 * Arthur Brisbane (1863–1936), who married Phoebe Cary (1890–1967), a daughter of polo-player Seward Cary.
 * Fowell Brisbane (1866–1911)

In 1877, eleven years after Sarah's death, Brisbane married the 30 years younger Redelia Bates (1842–1943), who had been involved with the National Woman Suffrage Association.

Accusations of bigamy
The United States Census of 1850 indicates that Albert was living in Bergen County, New Jersey with Lodoiska. However, the Census of 1860 reports Albert living in Westchester County, New York with Sarah. In the next Census of 1870, Albert was living in Union County, New Jersey, again with Lodoiska. Historians conclude that because of overlapping births of children in the two relationships and the corresponding census records, Albert was simultaneously maintaining two separate households with each woman.

After his 1877 marriage to Bates, Albert's brother, George, was so outraged that he wrote an angry letter, which later became public, accusing the couple of bigamy because Lodoiska was still alive and had never obtained a divorce dissolving their common-law marriage. In return, Redelia filed a libel suit against George, requesting $50,000 in damages. At the same time, Lodoiska filed her own lawsuit requesting a divorce and alimony payments from Albert, of which she eventually prevailed, receiving $25 a week.

Death
After his return to the United States in 1889, Brisbane soon became ill and was forced to seek a change of climate to improve his health, traveling to North Carolina, before heading south to Florida, that winter. Together with Bates, Brisbane again moved north to Richmond, Virginia early in the spring of the following year. Good health did not return, however, and late in April Brisbane became bedridden and began to await his inevitable death.

Albert Brisbane died in Richmond early in the morning on May 1, 1890. His body was transported home to Western New York and where he was buried in the Batavia Cemetery in Batavia, alongside his parents and previous wife Sarah.

Descendants
Brisbane's son, Arthur Brisbane, became one of the best-known American newspaper editors of the 20th century. The papers of father and son are held together as Brisbane Family Papers collection by the Special Collections Research Center of Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York. The Albert Brisbane material is housed in one archival box and includes biographical material, correspondence, microfilm of his diaries from the 1830s, and a 56-page autobiography dated London, 1881.

Albert's great-grandson, Arthur S. Brisbane, was appointed Public Editor of The New York Times in June 2010.

Works

 * Social Destiny of Man, Or, Association and Reorganization of Industry. Philadelphia, PA: C.F. Stollmeyer, 1840.
 * Association: Or, A Concise Exposition of the Practical Part of Fourier's Social Science. New York, NY: Greeley & McElrath (and others), 1843.
 * A Concise Exposition of the Doctrine of Association: Or, Plan for a Re-organization of Society. New York, NY: J.S. Redfield, 1844.
 * Theory of the Functions of the Human Passions Followed by an Outline View of the Fundamental Principles of Fourier's Theory of Social Science. New York, NY: Miller, Orton, & Mulligan, 1856.
 * "Philosophy of Money: A New Currency and a New Credit System," article in symposium of unknown origin. 1863.
 * General Introduction to Social Science: Part First: Introduction to Fourier's Theory of Social Organization. New York, NY: C.P. Somerby, 1876.

title: Albert Brisbane


text:
John Lees (walker)

John Lees is a retired sports journalist who holds the record for completing the fastest coast-to-coast walk across the United States. Starting at Los Angeles City Hall on 11 April 1972, he walked for 53 days, 12 hours and 15 minutes to New York City Hall, finishing on 3 June 1972.

Lees became the sports reporter and cricket commentator for various BBC radio stations in the south east of England, including BBC Sussex, BBC Surrey and BBC Southern Counties Radio, where he was often referred to as "the gentleman of sport". He retired from BBC radio in September 2017.

He made a return visit to New York City Hall to mark the 30th anniversary of his amazing feat of endurance. This nostalgic event was covered by BBC Southern Counties Radio.

Lees is a keen birdwatcher.

title: John Lees (walker)


text:
Wisconsin Highway 100

State Trunk Highway 100 (STH-100, commonly known as Highway 100 or WIS 100) is a road which encircles the outer edges of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States.

Route description
The road is designed as a bypass around the city of Milwaukee, but with residential and commercial development along WIS 100 on almost all portions of the road, this purpose has been negated, and it serves as one of the Milwaukee area's major commercial corridors. WIS 100 roughly parallels the freight railroad beltway around Milwaukee constructed in 1912 by the Chicago and North Western Transportation Company, approximately one mile inside the north, west and south county lines.

In Milwaukee's immediate western suburb Wauwatosa, WIS 100's north–south segment was once known as Lovers Lane; parts of the road still have this designation. In the vicinity of Mayfair Shopping Center, it is known as Mayfair Road; this corresponds to 108th street in Milwaukee's numbered roadways scheme.

The roadway served the Muirdale Tuberculosis Sanatorium and County Airfield and Limestone Quarry at what is now Currie Park. In the late 1950s, due to the combination of ready roadway and rail access, the area experienced an employment boom as several large cold storage warehouses and food-related truck terminals were constructed nearby. With the development of Mayfair in 1958 by malting scion Kurtis Froedtert, the name was changed to Mayfair Road.

One of the few vestiges of this earlier era is the roadway's popularity as a cruising strip for mainly young motorists showing off their vehicles. West Allis and Milwaukee eventually cooperated to attempt to outlaw cruising on the road as a violation of unlawful assembly statutes, which result in the fining of drivers and impoundment of their vehicles. Signs are posted along the road to remind motorists of the law, including in West Allis, where the threshold is the passing of a controlled point more than three times in a certain period.

History
Between 1920 and 1923, WIS 100 was designated via parts of modern-day WIS 138 and US 51. The entirety was replaced by a new alignment of WIS 10.

The current alignment of WIS 100 was initially a county-constructed concrete loop highway known as County Trunk Highway L. WIS 100 was then assigned in 1923 along part of the county highway as well as WIS 15 (now superseded by US 41) and WIS 74.

title: Wisconsin Highway 100


text:
Talk:Beadwork

New wiki
I have just started a new wiki at Craftacular.com. It runs on the same software as wikipedia, but the goal is a little different.

I am working to make it a central resource for all things related to crafts. A central, on-line repositiory of patterns, techniques, tutorials, tip & tricks, etc that people can use as a resource. It will be a place that encourages opinions. I'm (obviously) just getting started, but I'm reaching out to crafters to ask them if they'd be willing to contribute some of their expertise or help me get the word out.

I appreciate any help that you can lend. It's going to take a lot more people than just myself to get this baby up to its full potential.

Also, please let me know if this comment is unwelcome. It's my understanding from reading wikipedia's rule/terms of use that this would be an appropriate place for a post like this. Thanks!

Techniques
I have a site Beading Techniques and Tutorials that features different type of online tutorial for different basic beading techniques from Peyote Stitch, Brick Stitch, Square Stitch, Right Angle Weave, African Helix, Bead Netting, Triangle Weave, Bead Cross Stitch / Beadpoint, Bead Loom Work Weaving, Appliqué beadwork Bead Embroidery to individual themed projects. All free to share and readily online without the need to download. Thanks for consideration of my personal site.

where can I make a useful contribution
As Davis says, there is another wiki with information, but there are a lot of gaps in this Wikipedia article. I'd like to see it develop. I'm not a beading professional, but I do have more than a knowledge of the basics and would be happy to do anything I can. Should major contributions go in a Sandbox or just straight on the page? --Hikinghotsauce 22:04, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

 * With the information that's here right now, just put it on the page. It can't hurt. JDub90 16:19, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

I just wanted to add that I have found one of the better bead suppliers, particularly when it comes to quality beads and historic beads is WaltersBeads.com. Low prices, but just as important, many hard to get early beads.Good Source

This may help you
http://www.create-jewelry.com has easy tutorials if you would like to learn the different beading techniques, as well as other methods for creating jewelry. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Desphynx (talk • contribs) 06:00, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

Proposed merger, European_beadwork to Beadwork.
I propose that European_beadwork be merged into this article because both articles are extremely small, and we could reasonably have sections about traditional beadwork from various specific countries in this article. Evening Scribe (talk) 07:38, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

Linkspam
Although the beadwork article could certainly use expansion, the proper way to do it is not by inserting an external link to a hobbyist website. Nor is it appropriate to write up a promotional paragraph, attempting to source it to the same unreliable hobbyist website. Beading enthusiasts who are interested in improving this article are welcome to cite the conventional books, magazines, and other traditional sources from which they gained their knowledge and skills. Changing IP addresses and creating throwaway accounts to reinsert the same material, however, is more likely to cause this article to be protected from editing. Please come there with the intention of improving encyclopedic content rather than your website's traffic. Durova Charge! 19:43, 22 October 2008 (UTC)

Seriously, a topic this broad could go somewhere, if people didn't keep posting their "crafting smut" around here. This is an online encyclopedia, not a list of links of where to buy supplies. --Cammy169 (talk) 14:43, 4 October 2015 (UTC)

African Beadwork
I believe that there is huge amount of work and substance to be carried under African Beadwork, can you consider carrying information around African Beadwork.This type of beadwork is generally always handmade, beautiful and very colourful. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sabermanjoo (talk • contribs) 18:27, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

European beadwork
In the second paragraph of the section headed "European Beadwork," the last sentence is lacking a date or narrow time period. If anyone knows what it is, perhaps he or she could add that information.CorinneSD (talk) 21:20, 3 August 2013 (UTC)

Needs a subsection on Czech glass beads among other types.--Cammy169 (talk) 16:37, 4 October 2015 (UTC)

Native American beadwork
Does anyone have a citation to artifact dating and beadwork colour and style? There's a little about different Nations having different styles, which is correct. I wanted to add information about different colours having not only different significance but also being very handy to history. Thanks! Abesottedphoenix (talk) 01:51, 1 April 2014 (UTC)

I am writing about a recent edit to the last paragraph in this section. An editor with only an IP address and no Talk page undid an edit I had made a few days previously. I would have liked to address this person on his or her Talk page, but it does not exist. I added "shell beads" after "These" in the last sentence. I want to revert the "undo" and put it back to "These shell beads" but I don't want to start an edit war. In this case, I believe I am correct. The demonstrative pronoun "These" is ambiguous because there are three plural nouns in the previous sentence: "shells", "beads", and "parts". Even though this editor may know that "These" refers to "shell beads", not every reader will know this. Ambiguity is not a good quality in the kind of writing that should be used in Wikepedia articles. Adding the noun phrase "shell beads" after "These" removes the ambiguity. If I do not hear from this anonymous editor, I will revert it soon.CorinneSD (talk) 16:22, 28 August 2013 (UTC)

I'm curious about how we know that European beads have been in the Americas for five centuries and yet there is no citation/source. --Cammy169 (talk) 14:39, 4 October 2015 (UTC)

Second paragraph on 3D beadwork: suggested correction
In my sandbox User:Geometricjewels/sandbox, I have suggested a drastic change to the second paragraph on 3D bead weaving because that contains a few errors. Does anyone have opinions on that, please? Geometricjewels (talk) 16:28, 18 February 2014 (UTC)

 * I see that the existing section is totally devoid of references, as is your proposed replacement. You need to provide references to published reliable sources.  Personal knowledge counts as original research, and is not acceptable as a basis for Wikipedia content.  If there are no published reliable sources to support it, that section should be removed from the article. --David Biddulph (talk) 18:08, 18 February 2014 (UTC)

Geometricjewels (talk) 08:34, 19 February 2014 (UTC)

 * I've changed the URL for your sandbox link to a wikilink. --David Biddulph (talk) 08:46, 19 February 2014 (UTC)

Ancient Beading: Plagiarism
I clicked the source link (leading to an article titled "Faience Beads from Egypt"). Our section was copied and pasted word for word. Not cool.

Also, the quote about Cherokee beadwork. I copied that entire quote into Google, no current website besides wikipedia exists with that wording. So where did someone get it from?

I'm not a beader or big into the beading scene, but these shoddy sources and editing are really getting on my nerves. --Cammy169 (talk) 14:52, 4 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Beadwork


text: Category:Economy of Senegal

title: Category:Economy of Senegal