text:
Talk:Nanjing Massacre/Archive 2

''This is the 2004 archive. For more recent comments, please see the Talk page.''

Neutrality of translation
I would like to question the neutrality of translating 'Jiken' to 'incident'. This seems to show that 'other side' is trying to downplay this event which is not true. While technically possible translation, 'Jiken' term is used very broadly in Japanese from very minor everyday incident to the like of the Tianmen Square 'Jiken' which is a bona fide masscre or the Aum cult's Sarin 'Jiken' which killed and injured more than 5000. I suggest the use of 'event' for the translation.

Revth 17:10, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)

ABC...?
Is ist really necessary for NPOV reason to include the reference "ABC...."? Encyclopedia should not mean that it holds every opinion of a certain timepoint. -- unsigned

I think so too. Although Japanese "ABC..." pages have some good materials, English pages are not so good. So, I changed it to another site. How about this one?Kadzuwo 01:55, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

三月亡華
There is not the word "三月亡華" in Japanese language as you see. This is a word made by China for anti-Japanese propaganda.--Kadzuwo 09:53, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC)

If such word was, Japanese don't use the Kanji "華" (from 中華) but "支" (from 支那 or Shina) then. So. exactly the word is made by China. --Kadzuwo 12:30, 13 Apr 2004 (UTC)

"Politics is War without Bloodshed..." -- Mao Zedong (The Little Red Book) 三日下上海，三月亡支那 is the japanese version

There is not the word "三月亡支那" in Japanese language. --Snow steed 06:48, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Denial of Nanjing Massacre 1
Can some know Japanese translation the section "否定説について" in Japanese WP into English, which I think it's valuable? --Samuel 09:39, 27 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I'm going to do it as additional description to the page. I don't agree with the opinion to deny the killing, but it can give another POV about it. --Poo-T 19 May 2004

I have attributed argument of "sporadic" rape to denial side. Also I left change from "100,000" to "10,000 to 40,000" as it is. "10,000 to 40,000" is based on one guy's work, Ikuhiko Hata, Law Professor from Chiba University. He is a jurist/historian and he is known to employ very stringent standard of proof in accepting historical evidence (possibly in line of "beyond reasonable doubt"). His book on Nanking did become a best seller when the debate was "hot" in Japan. However, he doest apply this standard to any other topics of history and quite meticurously rank the standard in which evidences are accepted or rejected. Therefore he is not classified in the same league as denial side from ideological right wing group. However, his work is widely used by these groups to justify their position. Most academic historians in Japan belong to 100,000 and above group. The fact is that when there are "massacre" in place like war time China which had no effective government, there won't be any proper resident registratio and when there are mass killing, it is impossible o count dead body one by one. Obviousky death toll become "estimate" which is the source of much debate. FWBOarticle

 * At first, What I wrote means, 'At least, sporadic raping is not deniable, But estimating the number of raping is a hard problem'. I can't understand why I was identified as 'Denial side'. I write back one question and one impression. #As you wrote, No one doubts about the existance of killing. Then, what is the meaning of your 'Denial side'. As you wrote, people 'under 100,000' can be devided into two groups, at least. You tend to treat both groups as just 'they'. It sounds strange. You should describe them separately. #Who can say 'most historians in Japan belongs to one group'? I agree that 'less than 10,000' and 'more than 300,000' are minority, but not agree '100,000 and above' is the majority. But your didn't write which group is the majority. Your attitude seems fair, and suitable for Wikipedia. Poo-T 27 Aug 2004

 * This is what you wrote. "About raping, personal records of Japanese soldiers suggest existance of sporadic raping, but determining the actual extent of rape cases is more difficult and, therefore, the assertion of mass rape is unsubstantiated."  The record suggest that Japanese soldiers indeed committed rape.  The assertion that these records only suggest "sporadic raping" is your POV.  "determining the actual extent of rape case is more difficult" is also POV.  It all depends on availability of hisotrical records.  It may not possible to present "exact" number of rapes, however it is possible to assertain if such practice was "widespread" or not.  Therefore, "the assertion of mass rape is unsubstantiated." is your POV.  And as far as current "majority" opinion goes, the assertion of mass rape is substantiated and widely documented by testimonies from Japanese, Chinese and Fwww.google.com/search?ie=Shift_JIS&newwindow=1&safe=off&c2coff=1&q=%8EO%8C%8E%96S%89%D8&btnG=Google+%8C%9F%8D%F5&lr=lang_ja you see].

This is a word made by China for anti-Japanese propaganda.--Kadzuwo 09:53, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC)

If such word was, Japanese don't use the Kanji "華" (from 中華) but "支" (from 支那 or Shina) then. So. exactly the word is made by China. --Kadzuwo 12:30, 13 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Kadzuwo - Japan has a whole alphabet appart form Kanji which is exact chineese characters. Hence, it is not definitive that the word is not indeed Japanese.

"Politics is War without Bloodshed..." -- Mao Zedong (The Little Red Book) 三日下上海，三月亡支那 is the japanese version

Denial of Nanjing Massacre 2
Can some know Japanese translation the section "否定説について" in Japanese WP into English, which I think it's valuable? --Samuel 09:39, 27 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I'm going to do it as additional description to the page. I don't agree with the opinion to deny the killing, but it can give another POV about it. --Poo-T 19 May 2004

I have attributed argument of "sporadic" rape to denial side. Also I left change from "100,000" to "10,000 to 40,000" as it is. "10,000 to 40,000" is based on one guy's work, Ikuhiko Hata, Law Professor from Chiba University. He is a jurist/historian and he is known to employ very stringent standard of proof in accepting historical evidence (possibly in line of "beyond reasonable doubt"). His book on Nanking did become a best seller when the debate was "hot" in Japan. However, he doest apply this standard to any other topics of history and quite meticurously rank the standard in which evidences are accepted or rejected. Therefore he is not classified in the same league as denial side from ideological right wing group. However, his work is widely used by these groups to justify their position. Most academic historians in Japan belong to 100,000 and above group. The fact is that when there are "massacre" in place like war time China which had no effective government, there won't be any proper resident registratio and when there are mass killing, it is impossible o count dead body one by one. Obviousky death toll become "estimate" which is the source of much debate. FWBOarticle

 * At first, What I wrote means, 'At least, sporadic raping is not deniable, But estimating the number of raping is a hard problem'. I can't understand why I was identified as 'Denial side'. I write back one question and one impression. #As you wrote, No one doubts about the existance of killing. Then, what is the meaning of your 'Denial side'. As you wrote, people 'under 100,000' can be devided into two groups, at least. You tend to treat both groups as just 'they'. It sounds strange. You should describe them separately. #Who can say 'most historians in Japan belongs to one group'? I agree that 'less than 10,000' and 'more than 300,000' are minority, but not agree '100,000 and above' is the majority. But your didn't write which group is the majority. Your attitude seems fair, and suitable for Wikipedia. Poo-T 27 Aug 2004

 * This is what you wrote. "About raping, personal records of Japanese soldiers suggest existance of sporadic raping, but determining the actual extent of rape cases is more difficult and, therefore, the assertion of mass rape is unsubstantiated."  The record suggest that Japanese soldiers indeed committed rape.  The assertion that these records only suggest "sporadic raping" is your POV.  "determining the actual extent of rape case is more difficult" is also POV.  It all depends on availability of hisotrical records.  It may not possible to present "exact" number of rapes, however it is possible to assertain if such practice was "widespread" or not.  Therefore, "the assertion of mass rape is unsubstantiated." is your POV.  And as far as current "majority" opinion goes, the assertion of mass rape is substantiated and widely documented by testimonies from Japanese, Chinese and Foreign residents in Naking. But our job is to make proper attribution of POV.  So I don't intend to censor denial side argument as long as attribution of POV is properly made. FWBOarticle 13:39, 27 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I think, the debate about raping will never reach to an agreement, but present description seems relatively, fair. Then, could you answer to my question? What is the meaning of your 'Denial side'? Does it means just 'under 10,000' group? If not, you should write as 'Group1 and Group2', for example. And I have another question. You rewote '10,000 -40,000' to '10,000-40,000 or less'. I can't catch the meaning of your writing. Does it means 'less than 40,000'? Poo-T 27 Aug 2004

 * Firstly, "10,000-40,000 or less" is my bad. I fixed it. To be honest, I prefer this one to be included in "100,000 or less" because the number 40,000 is attributed to the standard of proof set by Hata.  However, it seems to be the case that depending of the standard of the proof and method of estimation, the number jump from group 2 ( 40,000) to group 3 (120,000 or 130,000 or more to upward of 250,000).  I really wish someone can explain how the different method of estimation cause this fluctuation and jump in numbers but unfortunately, I don't have access to Hata's book.  I don't live in Japan at the moment.  As of denial side.  I think there is two type.  The first type is denial of killing and rape itself, which is pretty much extinct now.  The second type is denial of Nanking "massacre" and "Rape" of Naking, which is bit more complex because it is more about moral implication of facts. I personally think 100,000 or 300,000 being killed is both pretty bad. True, 300,000 is 200,000 more bad than 100,000.  But we don't say American is 40% "guiltier" in Hiroshima (140,000) than Nagasaki (100,000), do we. There is something off about mixing mathematics with ethic.  And I find it bit far fetched to think that soldiers somewhat behaved themselves and kept their pants on while at the same time they somewhat ended up killing that many.  Anway, the second type is about asserting that "lower" number of killing and "less" rape took place.  It also asserts that that killing was directed against "suspected" illegal gurrilla, which is another way of admitting that civilians were killed but for the reason of unfortunate misunderstanding.  I consider this "mass killing or massacre???" debate to be bit too "post-modern".  I also think there is a bit of politics about the number 300,000 because it notch the death toll above combined total of 240,000 of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Personally I find that number starting from 120,000 to 130,000 then ending with 250,000 depending of the range and method of estimate to be more politically netural. I think Hata apply standard of proof of criminal prosecution for individual crime which is not appropriate for historical research. Also, as far as I know 300,000 is sort of more PC number but in fact somewhere between 150,000 to 250,000 is indeed more standard among academic historians.  I hear that in China, attempt is made to increse the death toll above 300,000 by uping the estimate of population of Naking at the time, which I find is somewhat on the same league as denial side.  I don't intend to start edit/delete war by trying to force the current article's presentation 300,000 as accepted death toll to 150,000-250,000.  The subastance of the ethical issue is same in both numbers in my opinion.  Plus, I need exact detail of the content of evidence used in arriving at both numbers. FWBOarticle

 * My guess is that good analogy of Hata's method can be found in Harold Shipman's case. The guy is convicted of killing 16.  However, it is estimated that he killed at leat 215 of his patient.  215 as number comes up because all of them died within his clinic or while being examined by him.  How many patinet who is not suffering any critical illness droped dead quietnly while being watched by a doctor?   I'm quite sure that he cannot be found guilty of all 215 murder because that require discovery of morphine in dead body which is long gone.  But on the balance of proof, it is correct to say he killed at least 215. And that is definitely a massacre. FWBOarticle 23:49, 27 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Ah, I didn't ask you to compare reliiability of 'more than 100,000' and 'less than 100,000'. I have asked you about the meaning of your writing,'Denial side'/'They'. Do you want to equate #1 group with #2 group? For me, Putting two groups into just one saying,'Denial side' seems arbitrary categorization. How can you say '10,000-100,000 killed'='Denial'? But before that, a Chinese guy came and deleted text what he dislike without discussion, as usual. What do you do to his edit? Poo-T 28 Aug 2004

 * O.K. it may be appropriate to name the first group as "Maboroshi-ha" (Illusionist) according to Japanese page. For the second group 40,000 yes, it may be appropriate not to use "Denial side" as an attribution because the term somewhat implies that all members belogning to this group are right wing Ideologue.  Hata, especially, are known for exposing several hoax (such as claim that American government knew attack on Pearl Harbour which was quite popular among nationalists) Should we make up new word, such as "conservative"?  Anyway, feel free to edit for better attribution. FWBOarticle 04:02, 29 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree with your naming. But 'Illusionist' sounds like magician :P) Do you have a better idea about the naming for the 1st group? For Ex. cynical/negative.Poo-T 31 Aug 2004

Discussion in Japan
''This was moved from the article space. Rewrite before posting.'' --Jiang 23:24, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * The text was merged with Nanjing_Massacre, so I deleted the talk about it to save sapce--Poo-T 28 Aug 2004

Moderation
I would like to make some changes on this after reading Honda Katsuichi's book, (The Nanjing Massacre) an excellent account with very good reference backup. Hopefully it will clarify some areas. Mandel 09:52, Aug 7, 2004 (UTC)

I've gone through some parts of the article and have removed some portions which seems insufficiently substantiated. The problem with writing articles like this is that if it is not sufficiently documented, the right-wing Japanese will have a field-day picking out the errors and inconsistencies, then make a whole hula-point from a nitpick. That's the problem with the Rape of Nanking book by Ms Iris Chang. There're some misquotations and supposed poor documentation, and now it's backfired upon the author. In short, we can't be overly careful. For example, someone added this:

 * However, by mid-1930s the city was filled with 1 million people, many of them refugees fleeing from the Japanese army which had invaded northeast China.

after one party added this:

 * It should be noted that the city normally held 250,000 people.

I'll like either parties to substantiate with a reference. I can do it for the second one, from both a Chinese website , which states the number between 535,000 and 635,000. Even so, I think one good reference is not enough.

There's another problem. Apparently a lot of the writing is quoted directly from Kajimoto Masato's website without acknowledgement at all. It's a copyrighted website. See for example and compare with the present article. Mandel 10:50, Aug 7, 2004 (UTC)

I have rewrote the category of Japanese opinion in line with Japanese Wikepedia. This is not to state which opinion is true. Japanese page also say Jyusumannin Ijyou = More than 100,000 and several 10 thousands. I have adjusted this to simply "more than 100,000" FWBOarticle 20:52, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

# 3.2 Denial of Nanjing Massacre

 * However, some groups in and out of Japan insist the massacre never took place, and was fabricated as a point of propaganda to be used in anti-Japan education in China, which frustrates the Sino-Japan relationship from time to time. It is true to some extent. For example, more than half of pictures in The Rape of Nanking are retouched.

Care to elaborate?

I'd like to mention that if it is based on Tanaka Masaaki's refutation I'd revert the changes. It is not Iris Chang but rather Tanaka Masaaki who rewrote so-called documents to his liking. Mandel 11:04, Aug 26, 2004 (UTC)

 * I've deleted it, no evidence of any credibility to back the claim. Fuzheado | Talk 09:31, 28 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * To Mandel, I have to point out two things. #1 That text doesn't depend on Tanaka's writings. As you wrote, his doing also impaired his credibility. #2 The linked text is now disputed. About 'Hundred Head Contest', writer Mr.Honda and the publisher was sued for libiel by the bereaved of the 'war criminals' he reported. Many Japanese doubt neutrality of 'Shukan Kinyobi'. Do you know that editor of 'Shukan Kinyobi' is Mr.Honda?

 * I don't get your point at all. Mandel 13:41, Aug 30, 2004 (UTC)

 * To Fuzheado, Please Ask to others before editinig. At least, you should ask to FWBOarticle, as he wrote it. Without discussion, 'no evidence of any credibility' is just your POV.--Poo-T 28 Aug 2004

 * While I understand your concern about the removed text, it is not "POV" to require evidence to back up what is clearly against the grain of accepted scholarship and evidence. It is not my job to have to disprove the negative. It is the writer who must provide positive supporting evidence. Without that, the text cannot stand. Fuzheado | Talk 17:17, 28 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * "The grain of accepted scholarship and evidence" means nothing to this argument and you can't use a generalization as a proof. I can simply repeat back what you wrote as the precise reason that the text should stand.  It is not my job to disprove the negative.  It is the writer who must provide positive supporting evidence.  Without that, the text cannot stand.   BTW, read this and tell me why any evidence written by a Chinese from Chinese mainland should be considered "the grain of accepted scholarship and evidence".  Chinese can write only what the government consider appropriate or they would be arrested.  You must know that as a researcher that this is true.  Revth 03:47, 29 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * However, not only the Chinese scholars but even the Taiwan Chinese historians agree with what is written. If you want, I can give you the KMT version of the massacre (the death toll is placed even much higher).  Do you think the high bodies between the two countries sit down for a conspiracy?

 * It is not factual because it has been proven so by the Japanese scholars, not Chinese. Mandel 13:41, Aug 30, 2004 (UTC)

Death Toll Estimate
I was just reading Chinese Wiki page which says, "總數可能會高達一千萬人". O.K. my chinese is not that good but it appear that it say "the death toll potentially reach up to 1000,000". This sounds bit absurd but should I include it by attributing on Chinese POV? FWBOarticle 07:48, 28 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I think it possible with reference, as there still exsists a debate about the estimation. Inflation is so commmon in China :P) and their will to increase the number is valuable to describe, I think.Poo-T 28 Aug 2004
 * "一千萬" means "10,000,000", not "1,000,000". Nachi 12:10, Aug 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * I've read the text in chinese, but it describes as follows. - Japanese historians think of posiibility that Japanese army might kill 3 millions civilians "near Nanjing", but Chinese historians think ut could be up to 10 million civilians. - It is not related to 'nanjing massacre'. Poo-T 28 Aug 2004
 * Yeah, that sounds about right. Thought where that 3 millions attributed to "Japanese historian" is another matter. FWBOarticle

 * That is, if the massacres outside Nanjing is taken into account as well -- 若連華東地區被殺人口也計算在內的話. It is not POV: it states specifically it is what the Chinese historians think.

 * Although I think there's a problem with the figures. They ought to be 30, 000 and 1 million respectively, not 10 million.  Mandel 13:32, Aug 30, 2004 (UTC)

 * I've reread the article. It refers to massacres committed by Japanese soldiers up to and including the Nanking massacre, in the areas Shanghai, Suzhou, Wuxi, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing and Changzhou. ie. 3 million killed. Mandel 03:42, Sep 5, 2004 (UTC)

User Qizil bayraq
I'm reverting the suspicious edits of User:Qizil bayraq who has only 5 edits before changing this page, and has not explained controversial edits or engaged in discussion. Fuzheado | Talk 12:28, 1 Sep 2004 (UTC)

I'm soory. But it is fact that some (not all) nationalist groups in Japan claim the massacre was fabricated as propaganda to be used in anti-Japan education in China. Surely, their claim itself is suspicious. Qizil bayraq

Japanese estimates
I edited, and hopefully improved, the English of the Japanese estimates section. I first separated it in its own section since it appeared to come from a different editor. I tried to minimize the changes. The only change I'm not completely comfortable with is that I couldn't think of a good counterpart to the word "apologist" in naming the two sides of the debate. I preferred "apologists" to "revisionist" because the latter feels like someone who'll lie while apologist connotes someone who'll explain Vincent 05:18, 6 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Isn't a bit strange that there is a heading entitled "Japanese Estimates," as if the nationality of the scholar affected the nature of their work? Can't the Japanese estimates be merged in?

I think I have discovered an article which is not only fair and impartial but also explain the difference estimate in death toll on more scholastic manner. I feel that this paper would help to fix the currenst state of the article where the debate (death toll estimate) is separated on national basis. FWBOarticle

Reorganisation
Oh well. I'm quite sure some won't like my edit given that my extra content put 300,000 figures within context. Also I eliminated Japanese perspective and Japanese histography and stremlined into the whole article. I hope this one is considered as the major improvement. I will add more details in "Death toll estimate" section provided the entire section don't get reverted. 84.65.111.142
 * Opps, it was me. FWBOarticle

 * I don't agree with a streamlined approach. Firstly, there has been no consensus between Japanese and Chinese researchers, the article gives the misleading idea that there has been such.  This doesn't make for NPOV.  Secondly, it makes for difficult reading.  Structurally it's really hard to follow.  Dividing it into more sections originally makes the reading much easier to follow.  Mandel 12:29, Dec 28, 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Nanjing Massacre/Archive 2


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Charlotte Grove

Charlotte Grove (1773–1860) was an English diarist.

Biography
She was the first child and eldest daughter of Thomas Grove, a landowner of Ferne House, Donhead St Andrew, Wiltshire, by his marriage to Charlotte Pilfold. Her sister Harriet Grove became known as the "first love" of the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley.

In 1827, at the age of 44, she married the new rector of Berwick St John, Richard Downes.

Diary
Charlotte kept a diary from 1811 until her death, although some years have not survived. The surviving original diaries are held at the Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre in Chippenham. Edited diary entries are included in The Grove Diaries, which also features the diaries of three other members of the Grove family, including her sister Harriet (years 1809–1810) and much later, Agnes Geraldine Grove, daughter of Augustus Henry Lane-Fox Pitt Rivers and a friend of Thomas Hardy. Two volumes of transcriptions of the diaries were published in 2007 and 2013.

title: Charlotte Grove


text:
R. L. Bhatia

Raghunandan Lal Bhatia (3 July 1920 – 14 May 2021) was an Indian politician. He was the Governor of Kerala from 23 June 2004 to 10 July 2008, and was the Governor of Bihar from 10 July 2008 to 28 June 2009. He signed the Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement with China on behalf of the Republic of India.

Biography
Bhatia was born to Arooramal Bhatia and Lal Devi Bhatia, in Amritsar, Punjab on 3 July 1920. He graduated from the University of the Punjab in Lahore, and received an LLB. After this, he served as a member of the governing body of Amritsar for nine years.

Bhatia was first elected to the Lok Sabha in 1972, from the Amritsar Lok Sabha constituency. He was re-elected to the Lok Sabha from the same constituency at the 1980, 1985, 1992, 1996 and 1999 elections as a member of the Indian National Congress. During this time, he held several other posts as well. He was a member of the executive committee of Congress parliamentary party from 1975 to 1977, the Minister of State for External Affairs in the Government of India from July 1992 until 1993, the Chairman of the Committee of petitions in Lok Sabha in 1983, the President of the Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee 1982 through 1984, the General Secretary of AICC in 1991, and also a member of the select committee constituted in 1992 for the amendment of the constitution.

During his time in the Lok Sabha, Bhatia represented India as a delegate to the United Nations, and participated as a delegate in the 7th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement held in Delhi, in March 1983, the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in New Delhi in November 1983, the Sixth SAARC summit in Colombo in 1991, and the 5th meeting of coordinating countries of the action programme for economic cooperation of non-aligned countries held in Delhi in 1986.

Bhatia was also a member of the India Council for Cultural Relations from 1983 to 1984. He was chairman of the India Bulgaria Friendship Society from 1983 to 1990, and the Indo-GDR Friendship Association 1983 to 1990. He was also co-chairman of the All India Peace & Solidarity organization from 1981 to 1983, and the Vice President of Friends of Soviet Union from 1983 to 1984.

Following the death of Sikander Bakht in 2004, Bhatia became the Governor of Kerala. After spending four years in that post, Bhatia was appointed as the Governor of Bihar on 26 June 2008, switching posts with Bihar Governor R. S. Gavai. He was sworn in on 10 July 2008. He left office in 2009, and led a private life.

Bhatia died from COVID-19 in 2021.

title: R. L. Bhatia


text:
I Can't Tell You Why

"I Can't Tell You Why" is a song by the American rock band Eagles that appeared on their 1979 album The Long Run. It was written by band members Timothy B. Schmit, Glenn Frey and Don Henley. Recorded in March 1978, it was the first song finished for the album and the first Eagles song to feature Schmit on lead vocals. Released as a single in February 1980, it became a Billboard top 10 hit in April, reaching number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and number three on the Adult Contemporary chart. It was the group's last top ten hit on the Billboard Hot 100.

Background
Timothy B. Schmit provided the song title and composed the nucleus of "I Can't Tell You Why," which he then presented to Glenn Frey and Don Henley and they completed the song together. Henley described the finished song as "straight Al Green" and said that Frey, an R&B fan from Detroit, was responsible for the R&B feel of the song. Frey said to Schmit: "You could sing like Smokey Robinson. Let's not do a Richie Furay, Poco-sounding song. Let's do an R&B song."

Schmit describes the song as "loosely based on my own experiences." Schmit said: "I had some writing sessions with Don and Glenn and I threw out a bunch of my ideas and that one [for "I Can't Tell You Why"] stuck. I had [composed] a pretty good part of it, not a huge part but enough for them to think 'That could be good' and go with it. So Don, Glenn and I finished it over a few all night sessions." He also said, "When it was being developed in the studio...I knew it was a great song. I [thought] 'Yes! This is an amazing debut for me.' When we finally mixed it, we had a little listening party at the studio. As people were hearing it, Don turned to me and said, 'There's your first hit.'"

Schmit sang the lead vocals, with Frey and Henley singing counterpoint. Schmit also played the bass on the track, which has a distinctive riff believed by Schmit to have been devised by Frey. According to Henley, Frey wrote the counterpoint part.

In 1980, the band promoted the song with a music video featuring Schmit on bass guitar accompanied by Frey on the electric piano, although Frey recorded the guitar solos on the recording, with Henley on drums, Don Felder on electric guitar, Joe Walsh on organ and Walsh's touring sideman Joe Vitale on ARP string synthesizer. Live versions of the song were released on the 1980 album Eagles Live and 1994's Hell Freezes Over.

Schmit also performed "I Can't Tell You Why" while on tour as a member of Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band in 1992. Their performance of the song was included on the 1993 live album Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Volume 2: Live from Montreux.

Reception
Cash Box said that "Schmit’s aching, near-falsetto vocal here adds immeasurable depth to the haunting quality of this love song, with a tastefully sparse instrumental." Record World said that "Tim Schmidt, the newest Eagle, lends his sweet falsetto and writing talents to this pretty love ballad."

In 2017, Billboard ranked the song number six on its list of the 15 greatest Eagles songs, In 2019, Rolling Stone ranked the song number 11 on its list of the 40 greatest Eagles songs. Ultimate Classic Rock critic Sterling Whitaker rated it as the Eagles 5th most underrated song, praising Schmit's "beautiful falsetto" and Frey's "melodic" guitar solo.

Track listing

 * 7" single (45-1965/AS 12.418/K 12418/E-46608)

 * 7" promo (E-46608)

Covers

 * In 1990, R&B singer Howard Hewett covered "I Can't Tell You Why" which is on his Very Best of Howard Hewett album. It peaked at number 24 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks.
 * In 1993, "I Can't Tell You Why" was covered by American country music artist Vince Gill for the Eagles tribute album Common Thread: The Songs of the Eagles. Schmit sang backing vocals on the recording. This version went to number 42 on the Hot Country Songs chart.
 * In 1995, R&B group Brownstone covered the song on their debut album, From the Bottom Up. Their version reached number 54 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 22 on the Hot R&B chart and number 27 in the UK top 75.
 * Alternative rock band Lazlo Bane covered the song for their 2007 cover album Guilty Pleasures.
 * In 2015, Canadian jazz pianist and singer Diana Krall covered the song on her album Wallflower. Her version reached number 10 on the Billboard Smooth Jazz chart.

Personnel

 * Timothy B. Schmit: lead vocals, bass guitar
 * Don Henley: drums, backing vocals
 * Don Felder: guitar
 * Glenn Frey: guitar solos, backing vocals
 * Joe Walsh: Hammond organ, Fender Rhodes electric piano, ARP String Synthesizer

title: I Can't Tell You Why


text:
User talk:Kükator~enwiki

Please add your message below. Alternatively, you can try to contact me via my german Wikipedia user page or, even better (since I might be absent from time to time), e-mail me. --kukato 11:50, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Sumo!
Hey, you seem to be a fellow sumo fan. Thanks for adding so much to Tochiazuma, maybe you can help me fill out Hakuho Sho as well. He just made Ozeki by the way, so you can update your "banzuke" utility. See you around! --Do Not Talk About Feitclub (contributions) 15:03, 30 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Hello Feitclub! I was away for a few days - sadly, nobody on german wikipedia updated the Hakuho article after the promotion, which I did now. I expanded the english one as well.

 * It is true the banzuke is not really up to date now, but I only update when the kyokai banzuke comes out. --kukato 05:32, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 15:12, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kükator~enwiki


text: File:MK Shangri-La.jpg

title: File:MK Shangri-La.jpg


text:
Empress Yin (He)

Empress Yin (陰皇后, personal name unknown) (80? – c. August 102 CE) was an empress during the Eastern Han dynasty. She was Emperor He's first wife. She was a daughter of Yin Gang (陰綱), a grandson of Emperor Guangwu's wife Empress Yin Lihua's brother Yin Shi (陰識). She became an imperial consort in 92 and quickly became a favorite of Emperor He. She was described as beautiful but short and clumsy, and often unable to carry out the ceremonies that empresses are to perform with physical grace. She was also described as arrogant due to her noble heritage.

On 31 March 96, Emperor He made her empress. In 97, he gave her father, Yin Gang, the title of the Marquess of Wufang. As the years went by, Empress Yin began to lose Emperor He's favor, particularly because she was jealous of another favorite of his, Consort Deng Sui, who came from a noble lineage herself (She was the granddaughter of Emperor Guangwu's prime minister Deng Yu). Compared to Empress Yin's arrogance, Consort Deng was described as humble and always trying to maintain peaceful relations with other consorts and ladies in waiting. She, concerned that Emperor He was continually losing sons in young age, often would recommend other consorts for Emperor He to have sexual relations with, while Empress Yin did not. She therefore became more and more popular.

Once, when Emperor He was ill, Empress Yin made the remark that if she became empress dowager, the Dengs would be slaughtered—and upon hearing that remark, Consort Deng considered committing suicide, and one of her ladies in waiting saved her by falsely telling her that the emperor had recovered. However, the emperor did soon recover, so Consort Deng and her family escaped a terrible fate. In 102, Empress Yin and her grandmother, Deng Zhu (鄧朱), were accused of using witchcraft to curse imperial consorts (probably including Consort Deng). Lady Deng and her sons, as well as Empress Yin's brother Yin Fu (陰輔), died under interrogation and torture. Empress Yin was deposed on 24 July, and her father Yin Gang (陰綱) committed suicide. The rest of her family was exiled. She herself died later that year. After she was deposed, Consort Deng was created empress to replace her.

In 110, Deng Sui (now Empress Dowager) allowed the Yin family and relatives to return home, giving back to them all the confiscated wealth and 500 teals of silver as compensation.

title: Empress Yin (He)


text: User:Kaivanmil

title: User:Kaivanmil


text:
Lilium philadelphicum

Lilium philadelphicum, also known as the wood lily, flame lily, Philadelphia lily, prairie lily, or western red lily, is a perennial species of lily native to North America.

Distribution
The plant is widely distributed in much of Canada from British Columbia to Quebec, and parts of the United States (Northeast and Great Lakes regions plus the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains).

Description
Lilium philadelphicum grows to a height of approximately 30 to 90 centimeters. It produces red or orange blooms between June and August.

Varieties

 * Lilium philadelphicum var. andinum—western wood lily, native to Midwestern U.S., Great Plains, and Western U.S. regions. It is the floral emblem of the province of Saskatchewan in Canada, and is on the flag of Saskatchewan.

Conservation
Lilium philadelphicum is listed as an endangered species in Maryland, New Mexico, Tennessee and North Carolina. Its status is a threatened species in Kentucky and Ohio.

As the Saskatchewan provincial floral emblem, it is protected under the Provincial Emblems and Honours Act, and cannot be picked, uprooted or destroyed in any manner.

Toxicity
Cats are extremely sensitive to lily toxicity and ingestion is often fatal. Households and gardens that are visited by cats are strongly advised against keeping this plant or placing dried flowers where a cat may brush against them and become dusted with pollen that they then consume while cleaning. Suspected cases require urgent veterinary attention.

Rapid treatment with activated charcoal and/or induced vomiting can reduce the amount of toxin absorbed (this is time-sensitive so in some cases, vets may advise doing it at home), and large amounts of fluid by IV can reduce damage to kidneys to increase the chances of survival.

Traditional uses
The bulbs were eaten by some Native Americans.

title: Lilium philadelphicum


text:
Pic 'N' Save

Pic 'N' Save Corporation (later MacFrugals) was at one time the second-largest closeout retail chain in the United States. Financial troubles caused the chain to close many stores in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

History
William Zimmerman founded Pic 'N' Save Corporation in 1950 in Culver City, California. By 1985, it operated 90 stores in California and six other U.S. states. In 1991, the company changed its name to MacFrugals. It later expanded to the Southwest and the South, but left both markets in the late 1990s. In 1997, Consolidated Stores Corporation bought out the remaining MacFrugals stores for $995 million (~$ in ) in stock. In 2002, Big Lots (formerly Consolidated Stores) converted them into the Big Lots brand.

in 2020, Pic ‘N’ Save was revived as a bargain store, as of 2023, it has two locations in United States

In popular culture
In the 1983 film 10 to Midnight, detectives Leo Kessler (Charles Bronson) and McCann (Andrew Stevens) are en route to inform the parents of a murder victim of their daughter's demise when they pass a Pic 'N' Save, next to a Thrifty Drug Store; this location was at 11341 National Boulevard in Los Angeles.

In Troop Beverly Hills (1989) when Freddy discovers soon-to-be ex-wife Phyllis has just gone on a shopping spree using their joint credit cards, he tells her to have her fun now cause after the divorce she'll, "be shopping at the Pic 'N' Save."

Pic 'N' Save's parking lot, store front, and signs were also featured in the 1998 film, Slums of Beverly Hills.

title: Pic 'N' Save


text: Talk:Turning Stone Resort Casino

title: Talk:Turning Stone Resort Casino


text:
USS Blue (DD-744)

USS Blue (DD-744), an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer, was the second United States Navy ship of that name, for Lieutenant Commander John S. Blue (1902–1942).

Namesake
John Stuart Blue was born on 29 August 1902 in New York City. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1925. During 1933 he commanded the Presidential yacht Sequoia and served as Aide to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Between August 1940 and January 1942 he commanded USS Palmer (DD-161) and then reported to the light cruiser USS Juneau (CL-52) as navigator. Lieutenant Commander Blue was killed in action on 13 November 1942 when Juneau was sunk during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.

Construction and commissioning
Blue was launched on 28 November 1943 by Bethlehem Steel, Staten Island, New York; co-sponsored by Mrs. J. S. Blue and Miss Eleanor Stuart Blue, widow and daughter, respectively, of Lieutenant Commander Blue; and commissioned on 20 March 1944.

World War II
Blue reported to the Pacific Fleet in July 1944 and joined TF 58 at Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands. While screening the fast carrier task forces, Blue took part in:
 * The Volcanos-Bonin-Yap raid (31 August – 9 September);
 * capture of the southern Palaus (6 September – 14 October);
 * Philippine Islands raids (9–24 September);
 * Luzon raids (5–6, 13–14 and 18 November and 14–16 December);
 * Formosa raids (3–4, 9, and 15 January 1945);
 * Luzon raids (6–7 January);
 * China coast raids (12–16 January);
 * Honshū and the Nansei Shoto raids (15–26 February and 1 March);
 * Iwo Jima assault (15 February – 4 March);
 * Conquest of Okinawa (17 March – 6 June).

Blue was damaged by typhoon of 5 June off Okinawa, and retired to Leyte for repairs. Her repairs were completed in time for the destroyer to join the 3rd Fleet for its attacks against the Japanese home islands (10 July – 15 August).

On 27 August, Blue accepted the surrender of JAPANESE SUBMARINE I-400 off the coast of Honshū and brought her to just outside port where the USS Mansfield (DD-728) took custody.

Blue was one of the ships which escorted the battleship USS Missouri (BB-63) into Tokyo Bay 29 August for the signing of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender at Yokosuka Naval Base.

Post-War
After a short overnight stay, Blue then steamed to San Francisco arriving 5 October 1945, and shortly thereafter sailed to Puget Sound Navy Yard for complete overhaul.

Blue completed her overhaul in January 1946, and was assigned to Destroyer Division 92, 7th Fleet. On 10 February she departed the west coast for Asiatic waters, via Pearl Harbor, Guam, and the Philippines, and arrived on the China coast 13 May. During the remainder of the year, she cruised in the Yellow Sea, Philippine waters, and around the Marianas Islands engaged in tactical and hunter-killer anti-submarine warfare exercises and, performed patrol duty. She returned to the United States early in 1947 and on 14 February was placed out of commission in reserve at San Diego.

On 14 May 1949, Blue was recommissioned and assigned to Destroyer Division 72, Pacific Fleet. After undergoing overhaul at San Francisco Naval Shipyard between June and September, she returned to Pacific Reserve Fleet and was decommissioned at San Diego on 12 December 1949.

Korea
Blue was again placed in commission 15 September 1950 and reported to Destroyer Division 131, Pacific Fleet. After engaging in training exercises off the coast of California, she departed San Diego early in 1951 and arrived at Yokosuka, Japan, 23 January. She operated in Korean and Japanese waters until August. During this period she steamed with Task Force 77 (TF 77) off the east coast of Korea, carrying out screening, life guard, and fire support duties. Late in 1951 Blue proceeded to the United States for a general overhaul at San Francisco Naval Shipyard. She returned to the combat area in April 1952 and resumed operations with TF 77 off the coast of Korea. During September–October, with Task Group 95.20 (TG 95.20) and TF 76, she performed patrol duty and provided gunfire support during salvage operations.

Returning to the United States in November 1952, she underwent overhaul and engaged in scheduled exercises off the coast of California until June 1953. On 13 June, she departed Long Beach, California, and arrived at Yokosuka 7 July. On 17 July, she resumed screening operations with TF 77 off the east coast of Japan with TG 96.7 and patrolled off Formosa until 19 October, when she returned to Korea. She returned to the west coast in December 1953.

In 1954, the USS Blue took part in nuclear testing in the Bikini Atolls. Deck crews wore badges to measure the amounts of radiation due to underwater blast exposure.

In 1960-61 Blue underwent the FRAM II-modernization. She received a flight deck aft for QH-50 DASH drones aft, new Mk 32 torpedo tubes were placed where the older 21" ones had been. Following underway training and exercises, she departed 6 January 1962 with DesDiv 92 for a prolonged stay in the Far East. Yokosuka, Japan, served as her new home port. Periods of patrol duty preceded and followed SEATO operation "Tulungan", the largest peacetime amphibious landing operation ever conducted in the western Pacific. During the next two years, the ship ranged widely over the Far East.

Since that time, Blue carried out the normal operating routine of the Pacific Fleet destroyers. She had conducted several tours of the Far East, and during the intervals between these cruises, she conducted local operations and type training along the west coast.

Blue was stricken 1 February 1974, and sunk as a target ship during a missile exercise off southern California on 28 April 1977.

Awards
Blue received six battle stars for her World War II service and six for Korea.

title: USS Blue (DD-744)


text:
User talk:Ganeshprasanna

I am student of NMAMIT (more about it in who am I?), nitte... pursuing my bachelors degree in Engineering. With my passion of understanding Electronics, I may very well someday land up doing my M.tech in it, though that is still some time to come. This is a new version of my previous site, those who have being bumping in here would see the difference from the previous versions, those who are landing here for the first time, it never late!

I am a Scorpio so expect anything on this site (no offence to the rest of the scorp geeks!)

I landed on this planet quite some time back(around 2 decades), but since then things are moving quiet differently for me and for the ones around me.

After my wonderful schooling, I moved over to Delhi for pre-university classes after much convincing, soon to realize that the world was not as beautiful as I have dreamed about, but at the same time it had something that just keeps you moving.

By the time I finished P U I was a different person, may be the chai's and somosas (Indian Tea & Indian Snack) made a person out of me. ;o)

And I was back to homeland (Mangalore) and then the quest began of getting into engineering for what I was made for. After quiet a thinking and loads of chai's & samosas I got my admission into NMAMIT, and then the story continued.

Today I am here (NMAMIT) and tomorrow i may be anywhere so keep your senses functional coz if you hear some weird sounds in the middle of the night, a guy banging his head, playing invisible drums, be sure its me...for now enjoy my new site, and send me your kicks!

Speedy deletion nomination of Gatty (Community)

A tag has been placed on Gatty (Community) requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to be a clear copyright infringement. This page appears to be a direct copy from https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/16797/IN. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites or other printed material as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing.

If the external website or image belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text or image — which means allowing other people to modify it — then you must verify that externally by one of the processes explained at Donating copyrighted materials. If you are not the owner of the external website or image but have permission from that owner, see Requesting copyright permission. You might want to look at Wikipedia's policies and guidelines for more details, or ask a question here.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. red dogsix (talk) 00:03, 5 November 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ganeshprasanna


text:
West Virginia Route 618

West Virginia Route 618 is an east–west state highway located almost entirely in Parkersburg, West Virginia. The route follows the former path of U.S. Route 50 through downtown Parkersburg. It was created when US 50 was realigned onto a bypass of Parkersburg constructed as part of an upgrade of Corridor D. The designation is meant as a continuation of Ohio's State Route 618, though that route turns North at the Parkersburg-Belpre Bridge before it would actually meet West Virginia Route 618.

The western terminus of WV 618 is at the Ohio state line on the Parkersburg-Belpre Bridge. The eastern terminus is at an interchange with US 50 just east of Parkersburg.

title: West Virginia Route 618


text:
Talk:Steve Howe (baseball)

Vandal
I deleted a comment from the Steve Howe (baseball player) vandal (see WP:VIP. Please let me know I actually shouldn't have done that.  --Nlu 07:00, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm going to unprotect this, but I'll keep it on my watchlist in case the anons return. Cheers, SlimVirgin (talk) 19:20, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

"Steve Howe (basseball player)" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Steve Howe (basseball player). Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Regards, SONIC  678  05:28, 23 April 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Steve Howe (baseball)


text:
Talk:Shangri-La (Mark Knopfler album)

External links modified
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Weird quote
"Instead of writing about his brush with mortality—the wry "Don't Crash the Ambulance" aside..."

The song has zero to do with Mark's motorbike crash except the ambulance itself. It's actually about the two U.S. Presidents both named George Bush, the older one talking to his son in the lyrics. (Fictitiously, of course.) I can even source that Mark refuted the notion the song has anything to do with his accident ; while he's less forthcoming about the actual content, the many annotations on lyrics sites seem pretty compelling to me. Jules TH 16 (talk) 17:25, 20 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shangri-La (Mark Knopfler album)


text:
Ion Ivanovici

Ion Ivanovici (Јован Ивановић) (alternatively: Jovan Ivanović, Iosif Ivanovici, Josef Ivanovich) (1845 – 28 September 1902) was a Romanian military band conductor and composer of Banat Serbian origin, best remembered today for his waltz Waves of the Danube.

Ivanovici was born in Timișoara, Austrian Empire. His interest in music began after he learned to play a flute given to him when he was a child.

Ivanovici moved to and lived most of his life in Kingdom of Romania, Galați. Reaching the rank of officer in the Romanian army, his interest in military music culminates during his appointment as general inspector of military songs in 1900. In 1901 he settled in Bucharest where he died a year later.

Although today Ivanovici is chiefly remembered for his waltz "Waves of the Danube" ("Donauwellen" in German, "Flots du Danube", in French), in his lifetime he composed over 300 works (many of them lost today). Other notable compositions are Carol I March, dedicated to King Carol of Romania, "Carmen Sylva" waltz, dedicated to Queen Elisabeth of Romania, and "Romanian heart" waltz op 51 ("Inimă română" in Romanian, "Cordialité roumaine" in French).

His works were published by over sixty publishing houses throughout the world. In 1889, Ivanovici won the coveted march prize to mark the World Exhibition in Paris, out of 116 entries.

While some may dispute his nationality today, he is by all historical standards a Romanian composer of Serbian origin.

His great-grandson Andrei Ivanovitch is a successful international classical pianist.

Compositions

 * Souvenir Moskau (Souvenir from Moscow) Waltz
 * Erzherzog Carl Ludwig March, Op. 129
 * La Serenade
 * The Daughter of the Boatman, or Schiffers Tochterlein (La Fille du Marin)
 * Seufzer Waltz (Sigh Waltz)
 * Sinaia Waltz
 * Szerenade Zigeuneren (Gypsy Serenade)
 * Carmen Sylva Waltz from 1892
 * Mariana Polka
 * Romania's Heart Waltz, Op. 51
 * Incognito Waltz
 * Abschied von Focșani March (Farewell to Focsani March)
 * Vision de l'Orient Waltz (Vision of the East), Op. 147
 * Meteor Waltz
 * Im Mondenglanz Waltz (Moonglow Waltz), Op. 122
 * Magic of the Mountains Waltz
 * Liebes Klange Polka (Love of Music Polka)
 * Storm Galopp
 * Wild Flowers Waltz
 * Abendtraume Polka-Mazurka (Evening Dream Polka-Mazurka)
 * Agatha Waltz
 * Der Liebesbote Waltz (Messenger of Love Waltz), Op. 136
 * Easy, like a Dream, also known as Legere, comme un reve in French and Leicht, wie der Traum in German
 * Poker Polka, Op. 123
 * Am Hofe der Czarin Waltz (In the Courts of the Princess Waltz), Op. 124
 * Die Ballkönigin Waltz (King of the Ball Waltz), Op. 127
 * Goldene Stunden Waltz (Golden Hours Waltz), Op. 128 from 1893
 * Céline Polka-Mazurka, Op. 130
 * Natalia Waltz, Op. 134
 * Beim Pfanderspiel Polka, Op. 137
 * Bluthenzauber Waltz, Op. 149
 * Lieb' um Liebe Waltz (Love for Love Waltz), Op. 155
 * Alina Waltz
 * Amalia Waltz
 * Life in Cyprus
 * Souvenir de Brăila Quadrille
 * Aurel Waltz
 * Cleopatra Waltz
 * Elena Polka-Mazurka
 * Farmecul Peleșului
 * Fata pescarului
 * Frumoasa româncă Waltz
 * Frumoșii ochi albaștri Song (The Beautiful Blue Eyes)
 * Hora micilor dorobanți
 * Herzliebchen Waltz
 * Kalinderu March
 * La balul curții Mazurka (The Mazurka of the Court's Ball)
 * Luceafărul Waltz ("Luceafăr" is the popular name of the Venus star in Romanian)
 * Military March
 * Marșul Carol
 * L'Odalisque Polka-Mazurka
 * Pe Dunăre Mazurka (On the Danube Mazurka)
 * Plăcerea balului Mazurka (The Pleasure of the Ball Mazurka)
 * Porumbeii albi (The White Doves)
 * Die Konigin des Morgens or The Queen of the Morning
 * Rosina Polka from 1902
 * Sârba moților ("Sârba" is a traditional dance, "moți" are peasants of Maramureș region)
 * Suvenire Quadrille
 * Maus Polka or Mouse Polka
 * Tatiana Waltz
 * Roses from the Orient Waltz
 * Viața la București Waltz (Life in Bucharest Waltz)
 * Visuri de aur Waltz (Golden Dreams Waltz)
 * Zâna Dunării (The Fairy of The Danube)
 * Anniversary Waltz
 * Bavarian Ländler
 * Kaiserreise or Voyage Imperial March
 * La Bella Roumaine Waltz from 1901
 * Danube Waves

title: Ion Ivanovici


text: User talk:69.212.20.185

title: User talk:69.212.20.185


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of U.S. Christian denominations

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. – Rich Farmbrough 20:36, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

List of U.S. Christian denominations
I normally avoid lists unless its really unmaintanble or just pure junk but this list came from a very out-of-date source I mean more than 40 year old source. Listcruft at its worst Delete --JAranda | yeah 06:53, 2 October 2005 (UTC)  Vote Change to Weak Keep Im going to give this page one month for an update to come if it doesn't Im going to replace this again on AFD ok? --JAranda | yeah 21:23, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep if it is updated by the end of this nomination, delete if not. It might be maintainable if the denominations are required to be of a certain size before they are listed. -- Kjkolb 07:13, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Stick on cleanup and see if others have proper information. --Jacquelyn Marie 16:57, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This seems a worthy topic for Wikipedia - so probably a cleanup candidate rather than a deletion. I agree that the page as it exists now is of little use. ESkog 18:01, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Definite keep and update. -- BD2412 talk 19:43, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, cleanup, expand, and update. (I know, that's a lot of votes.) --Idont Havaname 22:08, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. User:Zoe|(talk) 23:15, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge anything useful to List of Christian denominations and leave a redirect. --Angr/undefined 05:03, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Cleveland, Ohio/archive1

Cleveland, Ohio
The native Clevelander in me would love to see his hometown become a FA. I'm sure there's something missing that is needed before I nominate it, but I think it's pretty close. Help! --PacknCanes 06:53, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

OK - here we go (not reviewing content)! WHEEEEEW! Don't get discouraged! Take Care! Ryan Norton T 09:25, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) For an article this large you'll need at least TWO good paragraphs for a lead (WP:LEAD), maybe even three
 * 2) minor quibble - in the infobox the official website is aligned center and the font is an odd size... maybe that's something to take up with the infobox people though.
 * 3) "History" - I'd shoot for three nice long paragraphs here instead of the current five.... but that's fairly minor and should be way down on your list of things to do :)
 * 4) "Geography" - Needs to be much longer. What is "Neighborhoods" doing as a subheading of "Geography"? That doesn't make any sense unless you are going to give the geography of the neighborhoods! Also, "Neighborhoods" Needs an actual text introduction of some kind, and that list should be turned into text or at the very least list-tabled so that it reduces vertical space
 * 5) "Demographics" - First off, the image here has a nice caption and editorial, but the image description should probably go before the editorial in the caption. Also, with a bit of finagling you could probably get two nice long paragraphs here instead of the current five - but that's pretty minor on the list.
 * 6) "Industry and Economy" - EXCELLENT! This is what ALL sections should look like! Use it as your compass!
 * 7) "Sports" - one sentence paragraph - that needs to be fixed. Last paragraph is too short.
 * 8) "Arts and Culture" - second and third paragraph too short - combine if possible. I'd reccomend killing all subsubsections here (I.E. subsections of "Performing Arts") since they are rather short paragraphs and you could probably merge them together for much better flow. I can't really see an argument that justifies listifying the stuff in "Other Theaters" and "Theatrical companies" - probably turn those into text. In addition, don't give BOTH an external link and a wikilink - just give the wikilink and make sure the linked wikipage has the external link. Anyway, this is probably going to take a bit of work structure wise.... I'd try to maybe change the sections here a bit - see if you can get two nice long subsections.
 * 9) "Politics" - more issues with lists, and there should be a section intro here... there are several ways you could do this:
 * 10) Kill the list altogether and add another paragraph of content here
 * 11) Delistify the list (probably not the best option)
 * 12) Add a lead-in to the noted politicians thing. There is still the option of making the politics section longer... surely there has to be some other controversy worth mentioning?
 * 13) "Transportation" - expand or kill the subsections. With a bit of trickery you should be able to combine the highways with the mass transit paragraph, thus leading to a nice two-paragraph section
 * 14) "Education" - get rid of the subsections here and provide some context for the elementry school part OR make a section intro and expand those sebsections...
 * 15) "Media" - lists are probably ok here, but first you'll need a section intro here, then -
 * 16) " Television" - try merging the last paragraph with the first here for a longer intro here
 * 17) ""Radio stations" - needs context/intro - a little bit about why the radio stations there are unique or something would really help also. I'd really consider using a table for FM and AM here.
 * 18) "Print" - try to fit another paragraph in there if you can
 * 19) "Additional sites of interest" - I'd just move all those to see also with list headings. If not you're going to need some text there... and the title changed :).
 * 20) "References" - Hmmm. Are you sure everything in the article is backed up by references? It doesn't seem like it to me with just one reference and all....
 * 21) "See also" - why is there a red link here? That's a first for me...
 * 22) "External links" Pretty good - "Maps and aerial photos" needs a description of WHERE it points to though.

Comments and actions based on Ryan's list: --Beirne 15:13, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "History" - I'm not sure why it should be three paragraphs instead of five. I think it could use more content, which would make it longer yet.  At what point should it be split off into its own article?
 * "Sports" - I merged the one-sentence paragraph with the short one that follows. The topic is about two amateur hockey teams in Cleveland.  I feel that the subject matter is too obscure for the article but want to get the thoughts of others.
 * "Arts and Culture" - Doing something about the other theater and theater companies list is a good idea. If we turn each one into a wikilink, though, doesn't that imply that the theater or company deserves its own article?  While some of them do have articles some seem a bit obscure for that.
 * "Transportation" - I combined the first two sentences about the RTA. I'm not sure what the benefit of making mass transit and highways a paragraph each in one section would be, though.
 * "Education" - I don't see the elementary school part that Ryan refers to.
 * "References" - The reference was one I added a long time ago when I was trying to cite my sources. It referred to people born in Cleveland but the pointers to the reference are long gone and the reference isn't useful anymore.  I removed the section, although it should probably be brought back with good references.
 * "See Also" - There are actually puzzling red links throughout the article. I don't know why they are there either.
 * "External Links" - the "Maps and aerial photos" section is a standard one that was inserted into every city article. I would leave it as is.

Lemme ask this: do your own two (or in my case, four) eyes count as a source? I can validate probably 95% of what's in this article from personal experience. --PacknCanes 12:44, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

First off, you guys and gals can look at Ann_Arbor,_Michigan for a good article of this type (notice that there are no lists :) - not saying thats what you need to do here but there is still a bit much here). Also, I'm not 100% sure how much needs to be referenced here, but I'd use ann arbor as a compass - always reference claims and such (the george washington quote seems like a good thing to reference, for example) Ryan Norton T 14:57, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) For history I meant it should try to make the paragraphs slightly longer by combining them, but its pretty minor though comparatively
 * 2) As for sports I'd try to keep it to the major sports in the city
 * 3) "Arts and Culture" - it seems as though half of them already have articles - if some of them don't need seperate articles here I'd just give an external link for them
 * 4) "Transportation" - indeed, it isn't too bad. There still is a one-sentence paragraph there though...
 * 5) "Education" - whoops - I saw "Cleveland Municipal School District" and thought elementry school for some reason... anyway that's what I was referring too.
 * 6) "External links" - indeed, that's probably ok then

I went through the article and started to clean up some wording and layout format. Some problems: Feel free to ask if you have any more questions. Pentawing 05:08, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Too many lists. I suggest you move them to separate sub-articles.
 * 2) Little or no references. If you wish to have this article featured, it must be referenced.
 * 3) There are some areas where the wording is over the top (travel brochure language). Try to avoid this.
 * 4) You may want to include information on the local government structure.
 * Image:Cleveskyline.jpg and Image:Jacobs field3.jpg are listed as copyrighted under fair use. However, there is no specific justification for fair use. Image:Arcade.jpg has no clear copyright tags.

 * Agreed on the lists. I've thought about moving them elsewhere (or simply deleting them altogether), but didn't want to rock the boat too much.  Regarding references, I repeat what I said earlier: yes, there are some things that do need references, but a lot of this stuff I can verify from personal experience.  I don't think we should be in the business of finding references for something that the author knows is true simply to have a reference, but that's just me, I guess.  Image:Arcade.jpg has no tag, but the description of that image says that it's a work of the Library of Congress and therefore considered public domain; should I just tag it and move on?  The other two images look like personal photographs that (for whatever reason) were not released into the public domain, so should I just PM those users and get permission to use the photos?  Thanks for the review.  I'm actually in Cleveland now so I can't do a ton of editing, but when I get back home on Monday I'll really start making an effort to clean this article up. --PacknCanes 16:39, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Concerning the images, they must be explicitly tagged with appropriate justifications if necessary. The reason is that there is a lot of issues concerning copyrights (which is clearly demonstrated with P2P programs and the RIAA suing anyone whom they suspect of infringing on their copyrights). Clarifying the copyright status of images and other media would help to address those issues (another user, Carnildo, would object to any articles whose images have no appropriate tags and justifications, and he is very active in rooting out such articles in FAC). You could contact the people who uploaded the images and ask about their source and copyright status, or you could try to take a picture yourself of those same locations and upload the images under GFDL (or compatible licenses). As for references, this is to address the concern of verifiability. Though you may believe that the information you contributed is correct, the same does not apply to someone who isn't as familiar with Cleveland as you are (and given the nature of Wikipedia where anyone can edit, uncited information can easily be questioned). By noting what references you used (or listing an outside source of information), a person not familiar with Cleveland can be assured that the information in the article is not falsified. References can also help paranoid readers by giving them something to turn to if they doubt the truthfulness of the article. As I mentioned before, an article that does not have a list of references can never be featured.

 * Anyways, I moved the list of media to a sub-article and did some more formatting cleanups. Pentawing 21:29, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Ok, lots of thing you'd need to do. I've not read the above replies, so if there's any duplication, my apologies. I'll review indepth later. =Nichalp  «Talk»=  18:12, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * First, you'd need to cut the page size, 42kb is on the higher side. reduce it to <30kb for now.
 * Secondly, you'd better refer to how Ann Arbor is written, its the only US city article I've ever supported.
 * 60 miles. Two things you'd have to do here. 1) metric equivalents are a must. 2) Use a non breaking space (&nbsp; between a number and unit ie 60&nbsp;miles, which renders it as 60 miles. Use this for all units.
 * Collect all those inline links as footnotes. See some already featured articles for this.
 * the history section should not start with a panorama. Embed it later on in the text.
 * Take a look at the structure of Ann Arbor. The ToC looks lopsided here.
 * Government and politics is more of a list. Make into prose and see AA again.
 * you'll need to cut down on those lists under =culture=
 * References absent. Cant have a FA without references.

OK, did a bunch of copyediting today. It's still too long, and I'll work on getting the size down fairly soon, but I think we're on our way. Comments have helped immensely, and others are welcome. Thanks for all your help, folks. --PacknCanes 18:54, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Out of curiosity, why did you choose to axe the "Sites of Interest" section? I've always been fond of that section. - EurekaLott 19:36, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It seemed, at least to me, to be a repository of stuff that didn't really fit anywhere else. I was looking for ways to cut down on the size of the article, and a catch-all of links was just one thing that caught my eye.  I don't mind putting it back in, but it's just more stuff that we'll have to cut out later.  --PacknCanes 19:51, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I understand how the section could easily be considered a laundry-list of links, but some notable landmarks, like the Arcade, the West Side Market, Lakeview Cemetery, and Glenn Research Center were only listed in that section. If we're going to do away with it, then they need to be accounted for elsewhere in the article. - EurekaLott 20:13, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Fine by me. I'll edit these into the article as best I can...feel free to move them around if necessary. --PacknCanes 20:35, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Another day, another dollar, another 4 KB cut... :) Size is now down to 36 KB, and I'm not sure how much further down we can take it without sacrificing some important material.  Anything else that I should look at before I take this over to become a featured article nom?  Thanks folks -- PacknCanes 18:21, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

The length is probably about right now, however there is one thing that is missing - a description of the climate which should be slotted into geography somewhere.--nixie 01:52, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, you're right. I knew I was forgetting something there, because that section just seemed too short but I wasn't sure what else to put there...I'll get to that tomorrow.  Also need some more work on the pictures; I may just junk the picture of Jacobs Field because I can't verify its copyright status.  The other pictures, I think, are good, and I found a halfway decent skyline picture on a government website...gotta love those! :)  Other than that, I think it's about ready to go.  Probably by the end of the week. PacknCanes 03:25, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep in mind most US States do not release the work of their employees into the public domain, you'd be best to look for free images in the Wikimedia Commons like this one Image:Cuyahoga river and downtown cleveland.jpg, or on Flickr - anything on Flickr with a creative commons licence that does not exclude commercial use is fine for Wikipedia. If you need something to base the climate details on see the section I wrote in Canberra.--nixie 04:04, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The one that I found was actually taken by an EPA employee (I'm assuming; it's on their website) so it's public domain as a US federal gov't work. I LOVE that picture you linked, though...I think I'll go edit that in right now. Thanks for finding it! PacknCanes 04:17, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Wow! Its looking good guys! Keep up the great work! Ryan Norton T 02:06, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks Ryan...your list basically served as my "to-do" list, so I'm feeling a lot more confident about it now. PacknCanes 03:25, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

I noticed that the article lists Cleveland as being first listed as an All America City in 1949, which was the first year of being listed. 1) Should it be mentioned that it won this distinction 5 times? and 2) Should the sentence be changed to reflect that it was an inaugral year All America City? Thanks. bagsc 16 March 2006


text:
Primary School Leaving Examination

The Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) (Malay: Peperiksaan Tamat Sekolah Rendah, ) is a national examination in Singapore that is administered by the Ministry of Education and taken by all students near the end of their sixth year in primary school before they move on to secondary school. The examination test students' proficiency in the English language, their respective mother tongue languages (typically Chinese, Malay or Tamil), mathematics and science. Students have about two hours to complete each subject paper except for certain components of language subjects. Students answer multiple choice questions by shading their responses on a standardized optical answer sheet (OAS) that uses optical mark recognition to detect answers or by writing their workings and/or answers on the question booklet itself for certain sections of the paper.

The format of the PSLE and the presence of it in the Singapore education system gives it a part in national culture. PSLE material has also been exported to other countries. Some schools abroad (such as National High Jakarta School in Jakarta, Indonesia), particularly in Southeast Asia, India and China, have their pupils sit the international version of the exam, the iPSLE, to provide a benchmark of their performance, compared to Singapore's standards.

In March 2018, calls for the removal of the PSLE was rejected in parliament by then Education Minister (Schools) Ng Chee Meng, who cited it as a "useful checkpoint" in a child's education journey. On 28 September 2018, Education Minister Ong Ye Kung reiterated his stance on keeping the PSLE while announcing that the ministry will remove several mid-year and year-end exams across the board from primary one up to secondary four with the aim of reducing assessments based on exam results and to encourage students to be an all rounder.

History and past performance
The Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) was modeled after the British eleven plus exam (11+) and was first conducted in 1960. Its predecessor was the Secondary School Entrance Examination (SSEE), which was conceived in 1952 when it was known as the Standard Six Entrance Examination up to 1954 and then as Secondary School Entrance Examination when the primary school classes were no longer named as Primary 1 and 2 and the standard 1 to 5 and started from Primary 1 to 6 instead. Promotion was to Form 2 in the secondary school instead of the previous Standard Six starting from January 1955, during the early days of self-government.

Though complaints were made about the 2007 PSLE Papers being out of syllabus and too challenging, this continued in the 2008 PSLE Paper.

Performance
In 2005, 51,077 pupils sat for the examination, a 0.4% increase from the previous year. The majority (or roughly 97.8%) of the pupils qualified for secondary school. 62.2% of those who passed were eligible for the Special (Integrated Programme or The International Baccalaureate) or the Express stream (Either one for 4 years only) and the remaining 35.6% were eligible for either the Normal (Academic) or Normal (Technical) courses (Either one for 4 years). 1163 pupils (2.3%) of the cohort assessed were not ready for secondary school in 2006 or were more suited for vocational training.

39,286 students sat for the PSLE in 2015. The Ministry of Education (MOE) said that a total of 38,610 students (98.3 %) were eligible for secondary school. 66.2 % of the pupils qualified for the Express stream, 21.7 % for Normal (Academic), and 10.4 % qualified for Normal (Technical). The remaining 1.7% did not qualify for the three streams and were offered choices to retake the examination or to move on to specialised vocational schools.

Controversy on flaws in papers
The 2005 mathematics paper for EM1 and EM2 (Example Method 1 and 2) students was flawed due to a question having no definite method of working the answer out. The "Question 13" was spotted by many and became infamous. The question was mathematically inconsistent in that one will get one set of answers when worked out one way and another set of answers when worked out by a different method. The Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board (SEAB) acknowledged the mistake a few days after the examination, annulling the question and awarding 2 marks to every student for the question.

Controversy on withholding of result slips
In 2019, public debate arose concerning the practice of withholding PSLE result slips from students for failing to pay school fees. This ensued after news claiming that a student was withheld her PSLE result slip, due to being unable to pay school fees, circulated widely on social media. Subsequently, then Education Minister Ong Ye Kung asked for the Ministry of Education to re-evaluate the practice of withholding PSLE result slips from students due to unpaid school fees.

Direct School Admission
Independent schools and autonomous schools can admit up to 20% and 10% of their students via the Direct School Admission scheme (DSA) respectively. Students apply through exercises conducted by the schools around July and August, receiving notice of the results shortly after. Schools offering the Integrated Programme (IP) can take in as many students as they want via DSA. Other schools have also been granted permission by the Ministry of Education to take in students specialising in the schools' niche areas up to a maximum of 5% of their total student intake.

NUS High School
The NUS High School of Mathematics and Science opened in 2005 with an intake of 225 Secondary 1 and 3 students, offering a six-year programme leading to the NUS High Diploma. Students will also sit for Advanced Placement (AP) and Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) examinations in the senior years for benchmarks for admission into foreign universities. The school offers an accelerated mathematics and science curriculum based on a modular system, also offering languages, humanities, arts, and other elective subjects integrated into its modular system. Students are admitted based on several factors, performance in an application form, interviews, tests, and an admission camp.

School of Science and Technology, Singapore
The School of Science and Technology (SST) is located at Technology Drive, which is about five minutes walk from Dover MRT station. There is also a bus stop outside the school campus.

title: Primary School Leaving Examination


text:
Talk:Iejima

Requested move
Iejima is the correct romanization of the island. This should be at Iejima, which, for some reason, is a redirect here Nik42 06:53, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Next time, please go to WP:RM directly, this could have been done 6 months ago! --Mkill 00:29, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

Please list below your opinion on this proposed move. Be sure to sign your post with ~

 * Support per nom. --日本穣 Nihonjoe 00:50, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Done. — Nightst a  llion  (?) Seen this already? 10:32, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

 * ISN'T AN ARTIFACT SOMETHING MAN-MADE? ARTICLE SAYS "EROSION ARTIFACT." — Preceding unsigned comment added by JL28552855 (talk • contribs) 16:46, 13 January 2015 (UTC)

Island in Infobox map
The island in the Infobox map is Okinawa: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Okinawa+Prefecture,+Japan/@26.5849961,127.7173526,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x34f57062eeab5be7:0x35bb617286fdd1ef?hl=en

Iejhima is a small, peanut-shaped body of land lying just off the SE coast of Okinawa. Contrast its appearance (and location) here: https://www.google.com/maps/@26.7219407,127.7901551,14z?hl=en.

Please feel free to insert a map of Iejima in place of that currently used of the Okinawan archipelago among the Ryukyu Islands. Yours, Wikiuser100 (talk) 23:17, 4 January 2015 (UTC)
 * For one, the map is of Japan, not "the Okinawa archipelago among the Ryukyu Islands". Second, the blip indicating Iejima is distinctively to the West of Okinawa Island. The map is not a map of Iejima, but of Iejima's location within Japan.  ミーラー強斗武   (StG88ぬ会話) 23:29, 4 January 2015 (UTC)
 * The locator map used is all but useless, causing more confusion than any clarity it can imbue. Iejima isn't visible whatsoever.  All that's given is an oversized dot in the insert, which someone would need a solid knowledge of Japan and the Ryukyu Islands to identify as being of a scattering of small islands that could not fit in the bottom left of the main map.  Iejima wouldn't even be the size of a period on it.  The single word caption "Iejima" leads the reader to errantly imagine that's what they are looking at.
 * To resolve this and head off any edit warring I have inserted a map in the body of the article clearly showing the size, shape, and location of Iejima relative to Okinawa (which is what Iejima and its location is relevant to, the battle to control Okinawa in World War II. I've also clarified the caption to the locator map in the Infobox. Yours, Wikiuser100 (talk) 03:43, 5 January 2015 (UTC)
 * That works for me, however "Okinawan archipelago" is a little confusing, because of the scale of the map. Either you mean the Ryukyu Islands or the Okinawa Islands, but because it's difficult to see Iejima amongst its neighbors, I changed the wording to "Okinawa Islands" with a wikilink.  ミーラー強斗武   (StG88ぬ会話) 05:05, 5 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Fine. A Solomonic compromise (given the region's geographic complexity). All good. Wikiuser100 (talk) 12:11, 5 January 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Iejima


text:
Charlie Robinson (actor)

Charles P. Robinson (November 9, 1945 – July 11, 2021) was an American stage, film and television actor. He is best known for his role on the NBC sitcom Night Court as Macintosh "Mac" Robinson (Seasons 2–9), the clerk of the court and a Vietnam War veteran. Although his most frequent on-screen billing was Charlie Robinson, Night Court had credited him as Charles Robinson throughout his 1984–1992 stint as Mac. In two of his earliest film appearances, 1974's Sugar Hill and 1975's The Black Gestapo, he was credited as Charles P. Robinson. Some of his credits have been occasionally commingled with ones of older actor Charles Knox Robinson who, billed as Charles Robinson, was featured in numerous films and TV episodes between 1958 and 1971.

Early life
Robinson was born in Houston, Texas, on November 9, 1945, to Planey and Ora (Barnes) Robinson. He served in the Army and briefly attended the University of Houston before his departure to pursue an acting career.

Early career
In Robinson's early career, he was a singer: as a teenager with the group Archie Bell and the Drells and later with a group called Southern Clouds of Joy.

Later career
Robinson's acting credits include appearances in Black Gestapo, Emergency!, The White Shadow, Flamingo Road, The Fresh Prince of Bel Air, The Game, Touched by an Angel, and Antwone Fisher. Robinson was cast in the role of Newdell in the NBC comedy Buffalo Bill. Not the success it was expected to be, Buffalo Bill was canceled after two seasons and replaced by Night Court. Robinson was cast as court clerk Mac Robinson, after the first season in 1984, when Karen Austin, who played the original court clerk, left the cast. Robinson played the role on Night Court from 1984 until the show ended in 1992. He also directed three episodes of the series. Also worked on Home Improvement.

From 1992 to 1995, Robinson co-starred on the sitcom Love & War, replacing John Hancock who died a few episodes into the series run. Robinson played character Bud Harper in Home Improvement, and appeared in many other television shows including House, The Bernie Mac Show, My Wife and Kids, Soul Food, Charmed, Hart of Dixie, How I Met Your Mother, and My Name Is Earl.

He did commercial work for NEXTEL in which he asks a worker if he's "agitating my dots" after he walks in on two other dispatchers staring at the dots, which represented delivery workers, on a computer screen. He also did commercials for Old Spice, where he played the head coach of the NFL's Denver Broncos, appearing with perennial All-Pro Bronco linebacker Von Miller.

In 2010, Robinson worked at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival and co-starred in the film Jackson which was directed by J.F. Lawton. Robinson appeared as "Troy" in August Wilson's Fences at Southern California's South Coast Repertory in Costa Mesa from January 22, 2010 until February 21, 2010. In September 2013, he returned to the theater to portray Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman. In 2015, he played Mr. Munson, the blind tenant on Mom whom Bonnie avoids helping with apartment issues.

Illness and death
Robinson died on July 11, 2021, at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, from cardiac arrest with multisystem organ failure due to septic shock and metastatic adenocarcinoma, a type of glandular cancer. He was 75.

title: Charlie Robinson (actor)