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Renk

The Renk Group AG is a German global manufacturer of transmissions, engines, hybrid drive systems, vehicle suspension systems, plain bearings, couplings, and testing systems. The company builds special gearboxes for tanks, frigates, icebreakers, and industry and is a leading supplier of running gear and damping systems for tracked and wheeled military vehicles. Renk is headquartered in Augsburg and in addition to its headquarters, also manufactures in Rheine, Hannover, Winterthur, Bath, and Sterling Heights.

In 2022, the group achieved a turnover of €850 million and employed 3,000 people. About 70 percent of its turnover was generated by tank and marine gear units. Founded in 1873, the company has been either fully-owned or majority-owned by private equity investor Triton since 2020. Renk returned to the Frankfurt Stock Exchange following an initial public offering in 2024.

19th century
The company traces back to Johann Julius Renk (4 January 1848 – 3 November 1896). He completed an apprenticeship as a locksmith and lathe operator at Maschinenfabrik Augsburg, later MAN Group, and began working as a journeyman lathe operator at Maschinenfabrik L. A. Riedinger. During this time, Renk had the idea of a machine that could produce gears completely mechanically. The usual production process at that time consisted of two individual steps, the mechanical slitting of the wheel bodies and the manual filing of the finished gears using templates. In May 1873, Renk set up his own small workshop for the mechanical production of gears in Augsburg's Lechviertel district.

First, he developed a semi-automatic spur gear planing machine that worked using templates. Barely four years after founding his workshop, he also designed and built a machine tool that could produce conical wheels, today known as bevel gears. For this invention, which caused a great stir among experts at the time, Renk was awarded the patent DRP 8000/79 in 1879 (production of the first involute gearing with a pressure angle of 14.5 degrees). In the same year, the company moved to the Göggingen district of Augsburg and established Renk's headquarters there, which still exist as of 2023. In 1888, Renk owned 15 self-built gear planing machines, among other machine tools. His workforce consisted of 37 employees. Two years later, the entrepreneur founded a factory health insurance fund for his workforce.

When Renk died in November 1896, his company employed over 100 workers who produced about 12,000 gears of all kinds every year. The turnover was around DM500,000. After the founder's death, his company was converted into a joint-stock company with the name Zahnräderfabrik Augsburg vorm. Joh. Renk Act. Ges. on 11 March 1897. The newly founded company acquired the company, including land, equipment and machinery, from Renk's heirs at a price of DM666,391.51. In the corporation's first fiscal year, the workforce consisted of 130 employees.

20th century
In the years after the turn of the century, the company expanded production so that by 1913 around 700 people were employed. The company changed its name to Zahnräderfabrik Augsburg AG in the same year. In order to mitigate the consequences of the First World War and ensure the company's continued existence, it was incorporated into the mechanical engineering group Gutehoffnungshütte (GHH) from Oberhausen, which later became MAN, in 1923. Also that year, the company became publicly listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. In the following years, Renk thus was able to benefit from clients within the group as well as from favourable sources of fuel, pig iron and steel. From 1926, ground gears were produced in Augsburg.

In the years before and during the Second World War, the company was a major supplier for the German Wehrmacht. Forced labourers were used on a large scale during the Second World War. In August 1942, 180 men and 30 women from the territories of the Soviet Union alone were forced labourers at Renk. In 1944, around 2,000 forced labourers for the Messerschmitt, Renk and Alpine companies were housed in the Sammellager V in Augsburg.

Among the most important customers after the Second World War were steel processing companies, such as the Group's sister company Schloemann, to which multiple large rolling mill gearboxes were supplied. By the end of the 1950s, sales had increased to around DM50 million and Renk employed over 1,400 workers. In the following decades, the company expanded its product range by acquiring rival companies. These acquisitions included the takeover of Eisenwerk Wülfel in Hanover in 1975 and the Tacke GmbH in Rheine in 1986. The French companies Société Européenne d'Engrenages (SEE) and Société d'Equipements, Systèmes et Mécanismes (SESM) joined Renk in 1989. Thus, the company expanded into the areas of plain bearings and flexible couplings through Wülfel, crown gear couplings and certain marine gears through Tacke, small marine reversing gears and brake discs through SEE as well as armoured gear units through SESM.

The company was renamed to Renk Aktiengesellschaft (Renk AG) in 1987. In 1995, the merger of Renk Tacke GmbH with Renk AG was finally completed. In 1998, Renk was represented at three German locations in Augsburg, Hanover and Rheine, as well as four locations abroad, two of which were in France and one each in the US and Romania. At that time, the group employed 1,700 people, who achieved a turnover of around DM500 million.

21st century
In 2000, the Renk Corporation Labeco Division was formed when Renk Corporation, a division of the German Renk AG, purchased the test systems engineering business of the US Laboratory Equipment Corporation (Labeco). At the same time, the product division Plain Bearings of A. Friedr. Flender AG joined the company. On 1 April 2004, the Test Systems business unit became legally independent and was spun off into Renk Test System GmbH.

In 2007, the company made the headlines due to a bribery affair. A court of appeal in Paris issued suspended sentences against Renk board spokesman Manfred Hirt and his former deputy Norbert Schulze. Renk-Maag GmbH was also founded in the same year. Renk-Maag GmbH emerged in May from Winterthur-based Maag-Gear, which manufactured turbo gearboxes and spare parts as well as synchronization, manual, and gear clutches.

As of 2011, Renk AG was a member of the Volkswagen Group due to the majority takeover of MAN by Volkswagen AG. Volkswagen held 76 % of the company's shares.

Renk Shanghai Service and Commercial Ltd. Co. was founded in 2012, which also resulted in the opening of a Renk service centre in Shanghai. In 2017, Renk AG acquired the Dutch company Damen Schelde Gears B.V., a manufacturer of marine gear units. In the same year, the subsidiaries Renk Gears Private Ltd. in India and Renk Korea Co. Ltd. in South Korea were founded. Further expansion followed with the acquisitions of Horstman Holdings Limited in the UK in 2019, the Combat Propulsion Systems division of defence contractor L3Harris Technologies in the US and General Kinetics in Canada, a specialist in suspension and running gear and supplier of mobility systems for wheeled and tracked armoured vehicles.

At the end of 2018, Renk AG was demerged from MAN SE into Volkswagen Vermögensverwaltungs GmbH.

In December 2020, the annual general meeting of Renk AG resolved to transfer the shares of its minority shareholders in return for cash compensation as part of a merger with Rebecca BidCo AG, a portfolio company of Triton Fund V, and subsequently to convert the AG into Renk GmbH. In the subsequent appraisal proceedings before the Munich Regional Court, a total of 75 claimants objected to the amount of the cash compensation determined. The proceedings were ended by a settlement. Renk was delisted from the stock exchange in February 2021.

In February 2024, Renk completed an initial public offering raising €500 million and was relisted on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, following which Triton continued to be a majority owner. KMW+Nexter Defense Systems became a minority owner, assuming nearly a 7 percent stake, while Wellington Management Company was another anchor investor.

Corporate structure
Renk Holding GmbH is the parent company of the Renk Group. It holds an indirect interest in the operationally active Renk companies through its direct wholly-owned shareholding in Renk FinCo GmbH. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of the private equity group Triton. In 2022, the group achieved a turnover of €850 million and employed 3,000 people. Renk generated about 70 % of its turnover with tanks and marine gear units. The management board includes Susanne Wiegand (Chairwoman) and Christian Schulz (Finance). Renk is divided into four independent strategic business units: Special Gear Units (Industrial and Marine), Vehicle Transmissions, Standard Gear Units and Plain Bearings.

Board of directors
Since May 2021, the board of directors at Renk GmbH has consisted of the following persons: Claus von Hermann (chairman of the supervisory board), Horst Ott (employee representative), Swantje Conrad, Sascha Dudzik (employee representative), Cécile Duthell, Lothar Evers (employee representative), Johannes Meier, Adela Lieb (employee representative), Klaus Refle (employee representative), Mario Sommer (employee representative), Klaus Stahlmann and Rainer Martens.

Employee representation
The Renk Group has works councils at its Augsburg, Rheine, and Hanover sites. The representatives of the work councils include six members of the supervisory board.

Locations and branches
The Renk Group has manufacturing plants in Augsburg (vehicle, industrial and marine transmissions, test systems), Rheine (industrial and marine transmissions, couplings), Hanover (plain bearings, couplings), Starnberg (Remk Magnet-Motor), Bath in England, Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône in France (vehicle transmissions), Winterthur in Switzerland, Muskegon and Sterling Heights in the US and Canada, as well as a sales and design office in Sonthofen in the Allgäu region. In addition, Renk has its own representatives in over 100 countries.

Subsidiaries
The Group has the following subsidiaries:
 * Renk GmbH, Augsburg, Germany
 * Renk FinCo GmbH, Munich, Germany
 * Renk Magnet-Motor GmbH, Starnberg, Germany
 * Renk Test System GmbH, Augsburg, Germany
 * Renk-Maag Gmbh, Winterthur, Switzerland
 * Renk France S.A.S., Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône, France
 * Horstman Holdings Ltd., Bath, UK.
 * Horstman Defence Systems Limited, Bath, UK
 * Renk America LLC, Muskegon (MI), US*
 * Renk Holdings Inc., Muskegon (MI), US**
 * Renk Corporation, Duncan (SC), US
 * Renk Systems Corporation, Camby (IN), US
 * Horstman Inc., Sterling Heights (MI), US
 * Horstman Canada Inc., Canada***

* Renk America LLC was formed in 2021 from the Combat Propulsion Systems business acquired from L3Harris Technologies.

** In the course of establishing Renk America LLC, Renk Holdings Inc. was founded to bundle all US activities.

*** Horstman Canada Inc. was formed in 2023 from the merger of the defence company General Kinetics with the existing centre of excellence in Canada.

Controversial arms exports
In the past, there has been repeated criticism that arms manufactured by German companies are exported to crisis and conflict regions, contrary to legal regulations. In particular, exports to countries such as Saudi Arabia or Algeria have been criticized. Renk participates in such programmes, and a significant part of Renk's sales is generated by the production of gearboxes for tanks and warships. In reaction to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the public view of exports of German military equipment to foreign countries changed. Since then, Renk, like other companies, has been attested to be a necessary manufacturer for the sector.

Bribery scandal
On 29 September 1993, Renk AG signed a contract with GIAT for the supply of transmissions for 436 Leclerc tanks. Turnover from this transaction amounted to approximately €100 million. The tanks were manufactured for the United Arab Emirates. To secure this contract, Renk board spokesman Manfred Hirt and his deputy Norbert Schulze paid bribes amounting to a total of 5.13 million German marks to Jean-Charles Marchiani and Yves Manuel. Marchiani was an advisor to the French Minister of the Interior, Charles Pasqua, during this period and later prefect of the Var department. A consultancy contract of 19 September 1993 with the company Irish Euro Agencies Ltd served as a cover for the money payment. The money was first paid into an account at the Westminster Bank in London and then channelled into two Swiss accounts.

Marchiani was sentenced to three years' imprisonment without probation and a fine of €150,000 for bribery. Yves Manuel received a three-year suspended sentence and a fine of €150,000 for complicity in bribery of a public official. The sentences imposed on Hirt and Schulze under French law were also upheld by the Paris Court of Appeals in March 2007. Both received 18-month suspended sentences and fines of €100,000 each. Manfred Hirt resigned from his position as Spokesman of the Board of the Renk AG and handed it over to Florian Hofbauer effective 31 August 2007, and left the board completely at the end of 2007.

title: Renk


text: User talk:81.79.206.248

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:81.79.206.248


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Wikipedia:Cleanup Taskforce/Stimulated emission

Stimulated emission
Needs to be categorized into sections. Added to User:Koblentz/Desk Zack Green 15:58, 12 October 2005 (UTC)


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One (Canadian TV channel)

One (often referred to as ONE: Get Fit or ONETV) is a Canadian English language discretionary cable and satellite specialty channel owned by ZoomerMedia. It offers lifestyle and entertainment programming devoted to programming on yoga and meditation, weight loss and fitness, sex and relationships, natural health and nutrition, and alternative medicine. Additionally, it provides general entertainment programming during primetime.

History
On November 24, 2000, a consortium consisting of Vision TV Digital (a subsidiary of S-VOX), Radio Nord Communications and Wisdom Media Group, were granted approval for a Category 1 television licence by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). The channel was tentatively known as Wisdom: Canada's Body, Mind & Spirit Channel. Prior to the channel's launch, its ownership was restructured giving Alliance Atlantis and Renewal Partners Company a minority stake in the channel, while Wisdom Media Group's stake was sold. The channel was launched as One: the Body, Mind & Spirit channel on September 7, 2001.

On January 18, 2008, a joint venture between Canwest and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners, known as CW Media, bought Alliance Atlantis and gained its minority interest in One. In June 2009, S-VOX announced it would sell its broadcasting assets, including One, to ZoomerMedia, a company controlled by Moses Znaimer. The sale was approved by the CRTC on March 30, 2010. ZoomerMedia assumed control of S-VOX's broadcasting assets on June 30, 2010. On October 27, 2010, Shaw Communications completed its acquisition of Canwest and Goldman Sachs' interest in CW Media, giving it control of CW Media's 37.77% interest in One. However, in March 2011, Shaw and the other minority stake holders sold their shares in the channel to ZoomerMedia, giving it 100% ownership.

On April 26, 2011, ZoomerMedia announced that it would rebrand the channel as The Brand New ONE: Body, Mind, Spirit, Love Channel on May 1, 2011. In addition to a new name, the rebrand introduced a new logo, on-air presentation, and programming, through a licensing agreement with the U.S.-based Veria TV. Although the channel introduced new programming, the channel focuses largely on the same genre of programming as it previously did with the addition of programs related to romantic relationships, as indicated by the addition of "Love" to its moniker. On October 29, 2015, via a Facebook posting, the channel announced that it was rebranding as One which will coincide with a national free preview of the channel on November 2, 2015. The rebrand will introduce new on-screen graphics, a website, logo, and programming; however, the channel will focus largely on the same programming genre.

In the fall of 2021, the channel dropped the "Get Fit" from its logo and name, instead replacing it with "TV" and marketing itself as an exercise and entertainment channel, airing general entertainment programming in primetime.

International Expansion
In the spring of 2021, ONE TV launched as a fitness channel in the United States as ONE TV US on the online streaming service, Distro TV, marking the first time it has launched in a country other than Canada.

One HD
On March 23, 2017, ZoomerMedia launched One HD, a 1080i high definition simulcast of the standard definition feed. The HD feed is currently available on Bell Fibe TV, Optik TV, and Shaw Direct.

title: One (Canadian TV channel)


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Category:Politics of Virginia

Politics of Virginia.

title: Category:Politics of Virginia


text: User talk:156.108.100.66

title: User talk:156.108.100.66


text: User talk:81.241.252.33

title: User talk:81.241.252.33


text: User talk:155.75.11.253

title: User talk:155.75.11.253


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Talk:Saint Epiphanius

I changed this page to a redirect to Epiphanius, as there are two Saints by that name. The original text in any case referred to Epiphanius of Salamis, and I will incorporate anything relevant into that article.

Original text: Saint Epiphanius (330-402) was one of the Fathers of the Greek Church; of Jewish descent; flourished in the 4th century; led a monastic life, and founded a monastery in Eleutheropolis; was bishop of Constantia in 367; he became notorious for his ecclesiastical zeal, and for his indictments of Origen and St. Chrysostom; left writings that show great but indiscriminate learning.

Epifanios

Supergolden 16:00, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Saint Epiphanius


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Tom Rothrock

Tom Rothrock is an American musician, composer, record producer and owner of Bong Load Records. Tom Rothrock has worked with James Blunt, Foo Fighters, Moby, Beck, Badly Drawn Boy, R. L. Burnside, Athlete, Sloan, Gwen Stefani, Motörhead, Elbow, Stevie Nicks, Poison, Elliott Smith, Richard Thompson, Yonder Mountain String Band. Rothrock has also composed or contributed to soundtracks for notable motion pictures such as About A Boy, Good Will Hunting, Collateral and The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie.

Rothrock started Bong Load Custom Records in the early 1990s enlisting former Record Plant Recording Studios co-workers, Bradshaw Lambert and Rob Schnapf. Bong Load Records is notable for developing and releasing Beck's "Loser" single which became the first number one, non-major label single since FM radio became mainstream. Together Rothrock, Schnapf, Beck, and Karl Stephenson recorded Mellow Gold, Beck's major label debut.

In film, Rothrock produced the original songs for the About A Boy soundtrack and score with Badly Drawn Boy. He composed music for the film Collateral directed by Michael Mann and is credited on the song "Goofy Goober Rock" on The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie soundtrack. His recording of R. L. Burnside's "It's Bad You Know" was included on The Sopranos original television soundtrack release.

During 2013, Rothrock returned to collaborate with James Blunt on the album Moon Landing. Working primarily at Sunset Sound Studios in Hollywood, California the resulting release was generally well received among music critics and considered a comeback for Blunt.

In 2016, Rothrock marked Bong Load Records' 25th anniversary by re-launching the label's vinyl record division. He also relocated the Los Angeles company to the arts district of Las Vegas, Nevada.

Solo

 * 2014: Brightest Starr Single – Tom Rothrock Featuring Marie´ Digby
 * 2010: All Right Now Ep – Tom Rothrock
 * 2010: FuzzFace Ep – Tom Rothrock
 * 2010: Magneto Ep – Tom Rothrock
 * 2010: Eivissa Ep – Tom Rothrock
 * 2007: Resonator Lp – Tom Rothrock

Produced and/or mixed

 * 2013: Moon Landing – James Blunt
 * 2013: Division Street – Harper Simon
 * 2011: Blue Sky Blue – Pete Murray
 * 2009: Harper Simon – Harper Simon
 * 2009: Black Swan – Athlete
 * 2009: The Show – Yonder Mountain String Band
 * 2008: Unfold – Marie Digby
 * 2007: All the Lost Souls – James Blunt
 * 2007: New Moon – Elliott Smith
 * 2007: Never Slow Down – Roman Carter
 * 2006: Yonder Mountain String Band – Yonder Mountain String Band
 * 2005: Leaders Of The Free World – Elbow
 * 2005: Surgery – The Warlocks
 * 2005: Exploration – Sarah Lee Guthrie & Johnny Irion
 * 2005: Back to Bedlam – James Blunt
 * 2004: Launchpad – Particle
 * 2004: Greatest Hits: 30 Years Of Rock Who Do you Love Remix – George Thorogood
 * 2003: Action Pact – Sloan
 * 2003: Third Shift Grotto Slack – Jay Farrar
 * 2002: Have You Fed the Fish? – Badly Drawn Boy
 * 2002: About A Boy – Badly Drawn Boy
 * 2001: Hell Below/Stars Above – Toadies
 * 2000: Supreme Beings Of Leisure – Supreme Beings Of Leisure
 * 2000: Figure 8 – Elliott Smith
 * 1999: Mock Tudor – Richard Thompson
 * 1998: XO – Elliott Smith
 * 1998: Aquamosh – Plastilina Mosh
 * 1998: Come On In – R. L. Burnside
 * 1997: Either/Or – Elliott Smith
 * 1997: Soundtrack – Good Will Hunting
 * 1997: Mr. Wizard – R. L. Burnside
 * 1996: Mic City Sons – Heatmiser
 * 1996: Static Prevails – Jimmy Eat World
 * 1996: Odelay – Beck
 * 1995: Foo Fighters (album) – Foo Fighters
 * 1995: Daredevil – Fu Manchu
 * 1994: Rubberneck – Toadies
 * 1994: Mellow Gold – Beck
 * 1994: Box Set – Wool
 * 1993: Fishy Pants – Muzza Chunka
 * 1993: Test Your Own Eyes – Dog Society
 * 1992: Budspawn – Wool
 * 1991: Swallow This Live – Poison
 * 1991: Timespace – The Best of Stevie Nicks – Stevie Nicks

Selected film composition, film music production and placement

 * 2012: Holy Motors
 * 2004: Collateral
 * 2004: The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie
 * 2004: Shrek 2
 * 2002: About A Boy
 * 1999: The Sopranos
 * 1997: Good Will Hunting

title: Tom Rothrock


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Troy Kemp

Troy Kemp (born March 18, 1966) is a former high jumper from the Bahamas who won the gold medal at the 1995 World Championships in Athletics. His personal best was 2.38m in Nice 1995.

He Attended Boise State University where he was an All-American. He was inducted into the Boise State Hall of Fame in 1996.

title: Troy Kemp


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User:Roko~enwiki

see Babel

title: User:Roko~enwiki


text: User talk:80.58.1.42

title: User talk:80.58.1.42


text: User talk:24.109.230.254

title: User talk:24.109.230.254


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Pace stick

A pace stick is a long stick usually carried by warrant officer and non-commissioned officer drill instructors in the British and Commonwealth armed forces as an aid to military drill.

A pace stick usually consists of two pieces of wood, hinged at the top, and tapering towards the bottom, very similar to large wooden drafting compasses used on school blackboards. They are usually shod and fitted with highly polished brass. They can open so that the tips separate at fixed distances, corresponding to various lengths of marching pace, such as "double march", "quick march", "step short", etc. When opened to the correct pace length, the pace stick can be held alongside the holder's body by the hinge, with one leg of the stick vertical to the ground, and the other leg pointing forward. By twirling the stick while marching, the stick can be made to "walk" alongside its holder at the proper pace.

Otherwise, while on parade or when marching, it is normally carried tucked tightly under the left arm and parallel to the ground, with the left hand grasping the stick near the top.

Use in the Commonwealth
Several militaries and police services in the Commonwealth of Nations use a pace stick.

United Kingdom
The pace stick is usually permitted to be carried off the parade ground by the regimental sergeant major alone; however, at a particular regiment's discretion, other sergeants and sergeants-major or equivalent may carry a pace stick if they are qualified drill instructors.

The origin of the pace stick is claimed by the Royal Regiment of Artillery, who used a "gunner's stick" to measure the distance between guns in the field. It appeared more like a walking stick, with an ivory or silver knob on the end, and, unlike the modern pace stick, could only be opened a fixed distance. It was quickly adopted and adapted by the Infantry as an aid to drill.

Another stick carried by soldiers is the drill cane, regimental stick or swagger stick. This is a shorter cane, with polished metal ends. Sometimes these sticks are ornamented by a mock bullet casing, half at each end of the stick; these ornaments are often chromed, or left in their natural brass, but highly polished. They are carried on parade solely as an indicator of rank and authority by senior non-commissioned officers and warrant officers, and their use is generally governed (or restricted altogether) by the regimental sergeant major.

Pace sticks can be opened to specific distances, which each measure specific things:

Other countries
Drill canes and pace sticks are used by non-commissioned members (non-commissioned officers) of the Canadian Army, and cadets at the Royal Military College of Canada to gauge the length of pace and measure distance and intervals. They are not customarily carried by personnel of the Royal Canadian Navy and the Royal Canadian Air Force. Pace sticks are also used by some police services in Canada, including the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP).

Pace sticks have also found use with Australian police forces, including the college sergeant and drill instructors of the Australian Federal Police, the drill sergeant of the Victoria Police Academy and the academy senior protocol officer of the New South Wales Police Academy, holding the rank of senior sergeant and hence the highest senior non-commissioned officer carries the pace stick as a badge of office.

Denmark
In 2017, along with other changes made to the Royal Danish Army, the stick was reintroduced for those of sergeant major rank for parades and other appropriate occasions.

title: Pace stick


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David Carson (climatologist)

David John Carson is a climatologist. He has been director of the Hadley Centre (around 1990-1996), director of Numerical Weather Prediction at the UKMO (around 1999-2000), and was director of the World Climate Research Programme from 2000-2005.

Carson joined the UK Meteorological Office in 1969, following his Ph.D from the Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Liverpool, working on the structure and evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer. He did early research on the development of atmospheric general circulation models. In 1982, he was appointed to Assistant Director within the Met Office, and led the Boundary Layer Research Branch and later the Dynamical Climatology Branch. For 1987–1989 Carson was seconded to the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) as their first Programme Director for atmospheric sciences. He returned to the Met. Office in January 1990 and became Director of Climate Research and then first Director of the Hadley Centre.

title: David Carson (climatologist)


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Talk:Xara

Gaddesden Place
So where is Xara located? Gaddesden Place, UK? Is that a town?--Hhielscher 16:06, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Why was the named changed to XARA? What is the historical and/or cultural significance of that name? Please feel free to respond to me at: westonhyter@yahoo.com

XARA
The name change according to the company website http://www.xara.com/history.asp

Where did the name come from? I saw a girl called Zara on TV and thought that was an unusual name. But decided to make it bit more unusual by putting an X in place of the Z, so a bit like Xerox. This had the benefit of being short, unusual, most importantly trademarkable around the world, and one where we could get the domain name. The downside is that we're always at the end of any alphabetical list!"

--Andy Mayer 9:33, 20 October 2006

Fair use rationale for Image:XaraLogo.png
Image:XaraLogo.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 12:33, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

FOSS
Have they ever delivered on their open-source promise? There is no sourcecode available from the xaraextreme website (SVN repo is down) and I cannot find any information anywhere as to whether the code was ever actually 1) released 2) released under a FOSS license.

If not, that section should probably be deleted or it should be noted that they have never followed through on their promises. 88.89.143.64 (talk) 15:26, 24 May 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Xara


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Talk:Johnny Rivers

Article started in 2004 - has no reference citations - needs verifying
Need to verify information in article per WP:V and WP:CITE. Thanks. Mattisse(talk) 20:36, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

!
I've been checked informations on All Music Guide. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Rbrandao (talk • contribs) 18:44, 11 December 2006 (UTC).

Citations & References
See Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the  tags Nhl4hamilton (talk) 06:24, 3 February 2008 (UTC)

What is the ethnicity of Johnny's surname Ramistella?
He's described as 'White' but that's too broad.Toddsschneider (talk) 21:41, 15 August 2012 (UTC)

It's Italian. I remember reading somewhere that his father and uncle played Italian folk songs when he was young. - TW — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.118.24.246 (talk) 05:41, 19 February 2013 (UTC)

Personal life? Relationships?
This biography is only about his musical recordings. What about his personal life? That's a huge part of his life, too. Does he have children? Are they musicians? Does he live close to his family?

I don't understand why all of these musician biographies omit basic biographic detail that most other personal profiles on Wikipedia include. Why not just post a discography and leave it as that?

People come to a artist's profile to learn about the person, not just see a list of their tour dates and recordings. Newjerseyliz (talk) 16:57, 4 August 2013 (UTC)

 * This page is infrequently editted. My guess is that no one has put in the time to do what you are asking. Please feel free to change that by adding whatever (referenced) information about his life that you see fit. Ckruschke (talk) 19:20, 5 August 2013 (UTC)Ckruschke

 * I am willing to write the text but someone else will need to type in the sources as I am unable to do so -- I often transpose numbers and I frequently get them mixed up with certain letters. Let me know... Rissa, copy editor (talk) 06:51, 31 August 2014 (UTC)

Dead links
All links to Cashbox pages are dead links now. Sijtze Reurich (talk) 21:16, 7 September 2013 (UTC)

Image request
Would it be appropriate to remove the image request at the head of this talk page as there are now images in the article? I don't know how to - or if I can - remove the request. Thoughts?THX1136 (talk) 16:41, 20 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Agree - Done. Ckruschke (talk) 18:41, 20 May 2014 (UTC)Ckruschke

Rivers in Nashville
From the entry: "One evening in Birmingham, Rivers met Audrey Williams, Hank Williams' first wife. Rivers followed her to Nashville where he stayed...."

He followed her to Nashville? Did he have a crush on her? Was he stalking her? Did she suggest he move to Nashville because he could get work there? Did she ask to drop by if he was ever in town? I don't understand why his meeting Audrey Williams is in this entry unless their meeting resulted in something concrete wrt his career. Or their personal lives. I, therefore, propose this section be replaced "he moved to Nashville...." Rissa, copy editor (talk) 05:49, 31 August 2014 (UTC)

 * DoneTHX1136 (talk) 15:26, 10 November 2015 (UTC)

Grammies
Rivers won two Grammy Awards for producing "Up, Up and Away" -- one for "Best Record of the Year" and the other for "Other Pop/Rock&Roll/ Contemporary Awards or Instrumental." I also added date -- 1967. Rissa, copy editor (talk) 06:44, 31 August 2014 (UTC)

Missing info
From what I recall and see in the literature, before Johnny Rivers became famous didn't he initially perform with a drummer by the name of Eddie Rubin? Rivers mentions Eddie Rubin in all his interviews/biographies. Can someone add this to this article? Also some bassist named Joe Osborn eventually joined Rivers and Rubin, but the article makes no mention of that either. Rivers was never a one man band. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Burnukk (talk • contribs) 08:54, 22 December 2019 (UTC)
 * No. 2601:983:827F:3080:C811:D351:3D38:684A (talk) 10:40, 22 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Johnny Rivers


text:
Pinacol coupling reaction

A pinacol coupling reaction is an organic reaction in which a carbon–carbon bond is formed between the carbonyl groups of an aldehyde or a ketone in presence of an electron donor in a free radical process. The reaction product is a vicinal diol. The reaction is named after pinacol (also known as 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol or tetramethylethylene glycol), which is the product of this reaction when done with acetone as reagent. The reaction is usually a homocoupling but intramolecular cross-coupling reactions are also possible. Pinacol was discovered by Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig in 1859.

Reaction mechanism
The first step in the reaction mechanism is a one-electron reduction of the carbonyl group by a reducing agent —such as magnesium— to a ketyl radical anion species. Two ketyl groups react in a coupling reaction yielding a vicinal diol with both hydroxyl groups deprotonated. Addition of water or another proton donor gives the diol. With magnesium as an electron donor, the initial reaction product is a 5-membered cyclic compound with the two oxygen atoms coordinated to the oxidized Mg2+ ion. This complex is broken up by addition of water with formation of magnesium hydroxide. The pinacol coupling can be followed up by a pinacol rearrangement. A related reaction is the McMurry reaction, which uses titanium(III) chloride or titanium(IV) chloride in conjunction with a reducing agent for the formation of the metal-diol complex, and which takes place with an additional deoxygenation reaction step in order to provide an alkene product.

 * [[Image:Pinacol reaction mechanism.svg|600px]]

Scope
The pinacol reaction is extremely well-studied and tolerates many different reductants, including electrochemical syntheses. Variants are known for homo- and cross-coupling, intra- and inter-molecular reactions with appropriate diastereo- or enantioselectivity; as of 2006, the only unsettled frontier was enantioselective cross-coupling of aliphatic aldehydes. In general, aryl carbonyls give higher yields than aliphatic carbonyls, and diaryls may spontaneously react with a hydride donor in the presence of light.

Although an active metal reduction, modern pinacol reactions tolerate protic substrates and solvents; it is sometimes performed in water. Ester groups do not react, but some nitriles do. In general, aza variants are less well-studied, but the analogous reaction with imines yields diamines.

Traditionally, the pinacol reductant is an alkali or alkaline earth metal, but these result in low yields and selectivity. Catalytic salts of most early transition metals and a nonmetal reductant (e.g. iodides) give dramatically improved performance, but stoichiometric reductions typically deoxygenate to the alkene (the McMurry reaction).

The reaction's applications include closure of large rings. Two famous examples of pinacol coupling used in total synthesis are the Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis and the Nicolaou Taxol total synthesis.

Benzophenone may undergo the pinacol coupling photochemically. Benzaldehyde may also be used as a substrate with the use of catalytic vanadium(III) chloride and aluminium metal as the stoichiometric reductant. This heterogeneous reaction in water at room temperature yields 72% after 3 days with 56:44 dl:meso composition.

In another system with benzaldehyde, Montmorillonite K-10]] and zinc chloride in aqueous THF under ultrasound the reaction time is reduced to 3 hours (composition 55:45). On the other hand, certain tartaric acid derivatives can be obtained with high diastereoselectivity in a system of samarium(II) iodide and HMPA.

A titanium-catalyzed photocatalytic approach was also developed: the use of catalytic titanocene dichloride in the presence of a red-absorbing organic dye as the photosensitizer, and Hantzsch ester as the terminal reducing agent, enabled the homocoupling reactions of a wide variety of aromatic aldehydes in trifluorotoluene under orange-light irradiation, with high yields and diastereoselectivities (more than 20:1 dl:meso). An enantioselective version (up to 92% e.e.), using catalytic amounts of a chiral titanium salen, was also developed.

p-Hydroxypropiophenone is used as the substrate in the synthesis of diethylstilbestrol.

An unsymmetrical pinacol coupling reaction between para-chloro-acetophenone and acetone was employed to give phenaglycodol in a 40% yield.

title: Pinacol coupling reaction


text:
St. Pierre Cathedral

Saint Pierre Cathedral in Geneva, Switzerland is the principal church of the Reformed Protestant Church of Geneva. Previously it was a Roman Catholic cathedral, having been converted in 1535. It is known as the adopted home church of John Calvin, one of the leaders of the Protestant Reformation. Inside the church is a wooden chair used by Calvin.

History
Below the cathedral is a modern, well-interpreted, and accessible archaeological site that includes a 1st-century BC tomb of an ancient Allobrogian chieftain. An oppidum erected on the hill of Saint-Pierre allowed them to control the inland navigation on the Rhône. In the 4th century CE, Geneva became the seat of a bishopric. A first Christian edifice was built on the hill (between 350 and 375), on the ruins of the Roman sanctuary. This “northern cathedral” and a first baptistry were soon complemented by a southern cathedral, a second baptistry and an atrium.

After a fire struck the north cathedral in the year 500, King Sigismund of Burgundy rebuilt it and asked Pope Symmachus to bring him the relics of St Peter, the present building was begun under Arducius de Faucigny, the prince-bishop of the Diocese of Geneva, around 1160, in Gothic style. The interior of the cathedral is lined with fourth-century mosaics. The German painter Konrad Witz painted an altarpiece, the so-called St. Peter Altarpiece, for the cathedral in 1444, now in the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire, Geneva, which contains his composition, the Miraculous Draught of Fishes.

At the time of the Reformation, the interior of the large, cruciform, late-gothic church was stripped of its rood screen, side chapels, and all decorative works of art, except the stained glass, leaving a vast, plain interior that contrasts sharply with the interior of surviving medieval churches that remain Roman Catholic. A Neo-Classical main façade was added in the 18th century. In the 1890s, Genevans redecorated a large, side chapel adjacent to the cathedral's man doors in a polychrome, gothic revival style.

Theodore Beza, French Calvinist Protestant theologian, reformer and scholar, and successor to John Calvin, was buried at St. Pierre in 1605.

Present day
Currently, every summer a German Protestant minister is present, making it possible to hold bilingual services and meetings of both German and French Protestant worshippers.

On Whit Saturday, 30 May 2020, after nearly 485 years a Catholic Mass was to be celebrated in the cathedral as a symbol of ecumenical hospitality. Because of COVID-19, the Catholic Mass was postponed and was celebrated on Saturday, 5 March 2022.

On certain nights of the full moon, the cathedral sponsors "The Nocturnes de St-Pierre", an opportunity to access the towers for a panoramic view of the surrounding countryside by moonlight.

title: St. Pierre Cathedral


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Bolla Quartet

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus. Rob Church Talk 00:53, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

The Bolla Quartet
Looks like band vanity to me. Allmusic hasn't heard of them, and though they claim to have one album, I'm willing to bet it's self-released. They also claim to have been formed 3 days from now, but that's probably a typo. R. fiend 16:07, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: One album would normally not constitute notability anyway, but the touring would. I have no idea if the claims are true, though. Punkmorten 20:47, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Some people tend to give a bit too much credit to some "tours" as well. If this one is true, it seems pretty extensive, but some outfits can get in a car, play a few high schools in a couple states, or open for another minor band, playing sparsely attended clubs (or, worse, coffee houses), call it a "national tour" and get a wikipedia article based on that. I don't give too much credit to mere tours, usually. If a band has no recordings, then no one knows what they sound like before they see them, and it's unlikely too many people specifically go to see a band they really know nothing about. -R. fiend 22:36, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Seeing that the little chap the debate is about is Hungarian, I've had a look at your entries on Hungarian performers in your allmusic guide. If you truly mean ALL music, then you're seriously deficient on the classical side. Unless I'm totally computer illiterate, I couldn't find Andras Schiff, Zoltan Kocsis, Tamas Vasary, or Eva Marton - just to name a few. I regret to inform you that the Allmusic Guide is hardly a competent reference on Hungarian music or musicians. (JP)
 * I've noticed deficiencies in allmusic as well, particularly in foreign musicians. "Allmusic" is a bit of a misnomer. I don't know much about the site, or what they purport to have, but they are about as good a guide as anything out there, as of yet. However, they do have Schiff, Kocsis , Vasary , and Marton . Not to accuse you of being "computer illiterate", but you must have done something wrong. It happens. -R. fiend 15:28, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Queen Street bus station

Queen Street bus station is the primary bus terminus in Brisbane central business district in Queensland, Australia. It is underneath Uptown, Brisbane (formerly the Myer Centre) & Queen Street Mall. It opened on 26 March 1988 along with the Myer Centre. At the time it was the largest underground diesel bus station in the world.

Queen Street bus station serves as the terminus of many routes servicing the South East Busway, Southern and Eastern Suburbs and the Centenary / Indooroopilly / Kenmore corridor. It is served by 35 routes all operated by Transport for Brisbane.

No Northern Busway services directly connect King George Square busway station with the Queen Street busway station. After stopping at King George Square, a number of inbound services bypass the Queen Street stop or terminate at the Cultural Centre on the southern side of the Brisbane River, and vice versa. However, King George Square and Queen Street are only a short walking distance apart.

The station is divided into several platforms originally named after Australian native animals, but are now identified with letters and numbers: Passengers wait behind automatic doors on the stop that is assigned to their bus.

In June 2015, the platforms were again renamed, becoming numbers.

The station has a portal for buses traffic to enter and leave at the northern end of Victoria Bridge, to connect to the Cultural Centre busway station.

The former entry/exit portal (on Albert Street, facing King George Square), from the Queen Street busway station, was converted into a tunnel so that the station could be connected to King George Square busway station, which opened in May 2008 in the lower two levels of the King George Square Car Park.

Bus routes
The following bus routes services Queen Street bus station:

title: Queen Street bus station


text:
Mechanotransduction

In cellular biology, mechanotransduction (mechano + transduction) is any of various mechanisms by which cells convert mechanical stimulus into electrochemical activity. This form of sensory transduction is responsible for a number of senses and physiological processes in the body, including proprioception, touch, balance, and hearing. The basic mechanism of mechanotransduction involves converting mechanical signals into electrical or chemical signals.

In this process, a mechanically gated ion channel makes it possible for sound, pressure, or movement to cause a change in the excitability of specialized sensory cells and sensory neurons. The stimulation of a mechanoreceptor causes mechanically sensitive ion channels to open and produce a transduction current that changes the membrane potential of the cell. Typically the mechanical stimulus gets filtered in the conveying medium before reaching the site of mechanotransduction. Cellular responses to mechanotransduction are variable and give rise to a variety of changes and sensations. Broader issues involved include molecular biomechanics.

Single-molecule biomechanics studies of proteins and DNA, and mechanochemical coupling in molecular motors have demonstrated the critical importance of molecular mechanics as a new frontier in bioengineering and life sciences. Protein domains, connected by intrinsically disordered flexible linker domains, induce long-range allostery via protein domain dynamics. The resultant dynamic modes cannot be generally predicted from static structures of either the entire protein or individual domains. They can however be inferred by comparing different structures of a protein (as in Database of Molecular Motions). They can also be suggested by sampling in extensive molecular dynamics trajectories and principal component analysis, or they can be directly observed using spectra measured by neutron spin echo spectroscopy. Current findings indicate that the mechanotransduction channel in hair cells is a complex biological machine. Mechanotransduction also includes the use of chemical energy to do mechanical work.

Ear
Air pressure changes in the ear canal cause the vibrations of the tympanic membrane and middle ear ossicles. At the end of the ossicular chain, movement of the stapes footplate within the oval window of the cochlea generates a pressure field within the cochlear fluids, imparting a pressure differential across the basilar membrane. A sinusoidal pressure wave results in localized vibrations of the organ of Corti: near the base for high frequencies, near the apex for low frequencies. Hair cells in the cochlea are stimulated when the basilar membrane is driven up and down by differences in the fluid pressure between the scala vestibuli and scala tympani. This motion is accompanied by a shearing motion between the tectorial membrane and the reticular lamina of the organ of Corti, causing the hair bundles that link the two to be deflected, initiating mechano-electrical transduction. When the basilar membrane is driven upward, shear between the hair cells and the tectorial membrane deflects hair bundles in the excitatory direction, toward their tall edge. At the midpoint of an oscillation the hair bundles resume their resting position. When the basilar membrane moves downward, the hair bundles are driven in the inhibitory direction.

Skeletal muscle
When a deformation is imposed on a muscle, changes in cellular and molecular conformations link the mechanical forces with biochemical signals, and the close integration of mechanical signals with electrical, metabolic, and hormonal signaling may disguise the aspect of the response that is specific to the mechanical forces.

Cartilage
One of the main mechanical functions of articular cartilage is to act as a low-friction, load-bearing surface. Due to its unique location at joint surfaces, articular cartilage experiences a range of static and dynamic forces that include shear, compression and tension. These mechanical loads are absorbed by the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), where they are subsequently dissipated and transmitted to chondrocytes (cartilage cells).

Chondrocytes sense and convert the mechanical signals they receive into biochemical signals, which subsequently direct and mediate both anabolic (matrix building) and catabolic (matrix degrading) processes. These processes include the synthesis of matrix proteins (type II collagen and proteoglycans), proteases, protease inhibitors, transcription factors, cytokines and growth factors.

The balance that is struck between anabolic and catabolic processes is strongly influenced by the type of loading that cartilage experiences. High strain rates (such as which occurs during impact loading) cause tissue damage, degradation, decreased matrix production and apoptosis. Decreased mechanical loading over long periods, such as during extended bed-rest, causes a loss of matrix production. Static loads have been shown to be detrimental to biosynthesis while oscillatory loads at low frequencies (similar that of a normal walking gait) have been shown to be beneficial in maintaining health and increasing matrix synthesis. Due to the complexity of in-vivo loading conditions and the interplay of other mechanical and biochemical factors, the question of what an optimal loading regimen may be or whether one exists remain unanswered.

Although studies have shown that, like most biological tissues, cartilage is capable of mechanotransduction, the precise mechanisms by which this is done remain unknown. However, there exist a few hypotheses which begin with the identification of mechanoreceptors.

In order for mechanical signals to be sensed, there need to be mechanoreceptors on the surface of chondrocytes. Candidates for chondrocyte mechanoreceptors include stretch-activated ion channels (SAC), the hyaluronan receptor CD44, annexin V (a collagen type II receptor), and integrin receptors (of which there exist several types on chondrocytes).

Using the integrin-linked mechanotransduction pathway as an example (being one of the better studied pathways), it has been shown to mediate chondrocyte adhesion to cartilage surfaces, mediate survival signaling and regulate matrix production and degradation.

Integrin receptors have an extracellular domain that binds to the ECM proteins (collagen, fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin and osteopontin), and a cytoplasmic domain that interacts with intracellular signaling molecules. When an integrin receptor binds to its ECM ligand and is activated, additional integrins cluster around the activated site. In addition, kinases (e.g., focal adhesion kinase, FAK) and adapter proteins (e.g., paxillin, aka Pax, talin, aka Tal, and Shc) are recruited to this cluster, which is called the focal adhesion complex (FAC). The activation of these FAC molecules in turn, triggers downstream events that up-regulate and /or down-regulate intracellular processes such as transcription factor activation and gene regulation resulting in apoptosis or differentiation.

In addition to binding to ECM ligands, integrins are also receptive to autocrine and paracrine signals such as growth factors in the TGF-beta family. Chondrocytes have been shown to secrete TGF-b, and upregulate TGF-b receptors in response to mechanical stimulation; this secretion may be a mechanism for autocrine signal amplification within the tissue.

Integrin signaling is just one example of multiple pathways that are activated when cartilage is loaded. Some intracellular processes that have been observed to occur within these pathways include phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and SAPK/ERK kinase-1 (SEK-1) of the JNK pathway as well as changes in cAMP levels, actin re-organization and changes in the expression of genes which regulate cartilage ECM content.

More recent studies have hypothesized that chondrocyte primary cilium act as a mechanoreceptor for the cell, transducing forces from the extracellular matrix into the cell. Each chondrocyte has one cilium and it is hypothesized to transmit mechanical signals by way of bending in response to ECM loading. Integrins have been identified on the upper shaft of the cilium, acting as anchors to the collagen matrix around it. Recent studies published by Wann et al. in FASEB Journal have demonstrated for the first time that primary cilia are required for chondrocyte mechanotransduction. Chondrocytes derived from IFT88 mutant mice did not express primary cilia and did not show the characteristic mechanosensitive up regulation of proteoglycan synthesis seen in wild type cells

It is important to examine the mechanotransduction pathways in chondrocytes since mechanical loading conditions which represent an excessive or injurious response upregulates synthetic activity and increases catabolic signalling cascades involving mediators such as NO and MMPs. In addition, studies by Chowdhury TT and Agarwal S have shown that mechanical loading which represents physiological loading conditions will block the production of catabolic mediators (iNOS, COX-2, NO, PGE2) induced by inflammatory cytokines (IL-1) and restore anabolic activities. Thus an improved understanding of the interplay of biomechanics and cell signalling will help to develop therapeutic methods for blocking catabolic components of the mechanotransduction pathway. A better understanding of the optimal levels of in vivo mechanical forces are therefore necessary for maintaining the health and viability of cartilage, preventative techniques may be devised for the prevention of cartilage degradation and disease.

title: Mechanotransduction


text:
Kingdom of Arles

The Kingdom of Burgundy, known from the 12th century as the Kingdom of Arles, also referred to in various context as Arelat, the Kingdom of Arles and Vienne, or Kingdom of Burgundy-Provence, was a realm established in 933 by the merger of the kingdoms of Upper and Lower Burgundy under King Rudolf II. It was incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire in 1033 and from then on was one of the empire's three constituent realms, together with the Kingdom of Germany and the Kingdom of Italy. By the mid-13th century at the latest, however, it had lost its concrete political relevance.

Its territory stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the High Rhine River in the north, roughly corresponding to the present-day French regions of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Rhône-Alpes and Franche-Comté, as well as western Switzerland. Until 1032 it was ruled by independent kings of the Elder House of Welf.

Carolingian Burgundy
Since the conquest of the First Burgundian kingdom by the Franks in 534, its territory had been ruled within the Frankish and Carolingian Empire. In 843, the three surviving sons of Emperor Louis the Pious, who had died in 840, signed the Treaty of Verdun which partitioned the Carolingian Empire among them: the former Burgundian kingdom became part of Middle Francia, which was allotted to Emperor Lothair I (Lotharii Regnum), with the exception of the later Duchy of Burgundy, the present-day Bourgogne, which went to Charles the Bald, king of West Francia. King Louis the German received East Francia, comprising the territory east of the Rhine River.

Shortly before his death in 855, Emperor Lothair I in turn divided his realm among his three sons in accordance with the Treaty of Prüm. His Burgundian heritage would pass to his younger son Charles of Provence (845–863). Then in 869 Lothair I's son, Lothair II, died without legitimate children, and in 870 his uncle Charles the Bald and Louis the German by the 870 Treaty of Meerssen partitioned his territory: Upper Burgundy, the territory north of the Jura mountains (Bourgogne Transjurane), went to Louis the German. The rest went to Charles the Bald. By 875, all of the sons of Lothair I had died without heirs, and the other Burgundian territories were held by Charles the Bald.

Formation of the kingdom

In the confusion after the death of Charles' son Louis the Stammerer in 879, the West Frankish count Boso of Provence established the Kingdom of Lower Burgundy (Bourgogne Cisjurane) at Arles. In 888, upon the death of the Emperor Charles the Fat, son of Louis the German, Count Rudolph of Auxerre, Count of Burgundy, founded the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy at Saint-Maurice which included the County of Burgundy, in northwestern Upper Burgundy.

In 933, Hugh of Arles ceded Lower Burgundy to Rudolph II of Upper Burgundy in return for Rudolph relinquishing his claim to the Italian throne. Rudolph merged both Upper and Lower Burgundy to form the Kingdom of Arles (Arelat).

In 937, Rudolph was succeeded by his son Conrad the Peaceful. Inheritance claims by Hugh of Arles were rejected, with the support of Emperor Otto I. The kingdom was simulteously invaded by Magyar and Arab raiding parties in 954 and Conrad sent envoys to both parties to attack one another and sent expeditions to Provence in raiding Arab settlements in the 960s.

In 993, Conrad was succeeded by his son Rudolph III, who in 1006 was forced to sign a succession treaty in favor of the future Emperor Henry II. Rudolph attempted to renounce the treaty in 1016 without success.

Imperial kingdom
In 1032, Rudolph III died without any surviving heirs, and, in accordance with the 1006 treaty, the kingdom passed to Henry's successor, Emperor Conrad II from the Salian dynasty, and Arelat was incorporated in the Holy Roman Empire, though the kingdom's territories operated with considerable autonomy. Though from that time the emperors held the title "King of Arles", few went to be crowned in the cathedral of Arles. An exception was Frederick Barbarossa, who in 1157 held a diet in Besançon and in 1178 was crowned King of Burgundy by the archbishop of Arles.

The Vivarais see of Viviers was the first of the kingdom's territories to be annexed to the Kingdom of France, gradually during the 13th century with formal recognition in 1306. The Lyonnais had been practically beyond the reach of the Empire since the late 12th century. Its incorporation into France was the result of internal conflicts between the Archbishop of Lyon, the cathedral chapter and the city council. It was cemented in the early 14th century and formalized in a 1312 treaty between Archbishop Peter of Savoy and Philip IV of France. Emperor Henry VII protested against this but did not seriously challenge it. The Dauphiné was effectively annexed by France through a series of largely accidental developments between 1343 and 1349, but the issue of whether the king or emperor had ultimate sovereignty over it was left unclear until well into the 15th century.. The County of Provence was ruled by junior branches of the House of France from 1246 onwards, but only became formally part of the Kingdom of France with the death of Charles du Maine on 11 December 1481.

A stillborn attempt to revive the kingdom of Burgundy/Arles was made by Charles of Anjou in coordination with Pope Nicholas III. Between 1277 and 1279, Charles, at that time already King of Sicily, Rudolf of Habsburg, King of the Romans and aspirant to the Imperial crown, and Margaret of Provence, queen dowager of France, settled their dispute over the County of Provence, and also over Rudolf's bid to become the sole Imperial candidate. Rudolf agreed that his daughter Clemence of Austria would marry Charles's grandson Charles Martel of Anjou, with the whole Arelat kingdom as her dowry. In exchange, Charles would support the imperial crown being made hereditary in the House of Habsburg. Nicholas III expected Northern Italy to become a kingdom carved out of the Imperial territory, to be given to his family, the Orsini. In 1282, Charles was ready to send the child couple to reclaim the old royal title of Kings of Arles, but the War of the Sicilian Vespers frustrated his plans.

On 4 June 1365, Charles IV was the last emperor to be crowned king at Arles, after a gap of nearly two centuries following the previous Arlesian coronation of Frederick I in 1178. That attempt to revive the imperial hold on the kingdom did not succeed, however, and as a consequence Charles annexed the County of Savoy to the Kingdom of Germany. During his visit to Paris in early 1378, Charles IV granted the title of Imperial vicar over the Kingdom of Arles to the nine-year-old Dauphin Charles of France, later King Charles VI, but only for his lifetime (i.e. not lineally). The title "King of Arles" remained one of the Holy Roman Emperor's subsidiary titles until the dissolution of the Empire in 1806. The Archbishop of Trier continued to act as archchancellor of Burgundy/Arles, as codified by the Golden Bull of 1356.

Literature

Königreich Burgund

title: Kingdom of Arles


text:
Journal of Clinical Investigation

The Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI) is a twice-monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering biomedical research. It was established in 1924 and is published by the American Society for Clinical Investigation, one of the oldest and most respected medical honor societies in the United States. Articles focus on the mechanisms of disease, with an emphasis on basic research, early-stage clinical studies in humans, and new research tools and techniques. The journal also publishes reviews in edited series or as stand-alone articles, commentaries on research, editorials, and feature items. The editor-in-chief is Elizabeth M. McNally (Northwestern University).

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in: • Biological Abstracts

• BIOSIS Previews

• Chemical Abstracts Service

• Current Contents/Life Sciences

• Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed

• Science Citation Index

• Scopus

Editors-in-chief
The following persons have been editor-in-chief of the journal:

• G. Canby Robinson (1924–1927; Vanderbilt University)

• J. Harold Austin (1928–1934; University of Pennsylvania)

• Randolph West (1935–1940; Presbyterian Hospital, New York City)

• James L. Gamble (1941–1946; Harvard University)

• Eugene B. Ferris (1947–1951; Cincinnati General Hospital)

• Stanley E. Bradley (1952–1956; Columbia University)

• Philip K. Bondy (1957–1961; Yale University)

• Arnold S. Relman (1962–1966; Harvard University)

• Paul A. Marks (1967–1970; Columbia University)

• DeWitt S. Goodman (1971–1972; Columbia University)

• Jean D. Wilson (1972–1977; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center)

• Philip W. Majerus (1977–1981; Washington University in St. Louis)

• Stuart Kornfeld (1981–1982; Washington University)

• Thomas P. Stossel (1982–1985; Harvard University)

• Joseph Avruch (1986–1987; Harvard University)

• Bruce F. Scharschmidt (1987–1992; University of California, San Francisco)

• Ajit P. Varki (1992–1996; University of California, San Diego)

• Paul A. Insel (1996–1997; University of California, San Diego)

• Martin F. Kagnoff (1996–1997; University of California, San Diego)

• Stephen J. Weiss (1997–2002; University of Michigan)

• Andrew R. Marks (2002–2007; Columbia University)

• Laurence A. Turka (2007–2012; University of Pennsylvania)

• Howard A. Rockman (2012–2017; Duke University)

• Gordon F. Tomaselli (2017–2018; Johns Hopkins University)

• Rexford S. Ahima (2018–2022; Johns Hopkins University)

• Elizabeth M. McNally (2022–2027; Northwestern University)

Most cited articles
The following articles have received the most citations, according to Scopus:
 * 1) (6051 citations)
 * 2) (5476 citations)
 * 3) (4971 citations)

title: Journal of Clinical Investigation


text:
Talk:Konrad Becker

Untitled
a key figure in european tactical media and it only takes a search engine to verify the given information...

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title: Talk:Konrad Becker


text: Talk:Salem, New York

title: Talk:Salem, New York


text:
User:Afterword/I Ching

lower<-->higher

nor n.e eas s.e sou s.w wes n.w

the sequence

 * ::| 4   SOUT over WEST
 * :|: 8   SOUT over N EA
 * ::: 15  S WE over N EA
 * |:: 16  N EA over S WE
 * ::| 23  N EA over WEST

 * :|| 42  WEST over EAST

Hexagram 4 is named 蒙 (meng2), "Enveloping". Other variations include "youthful folly", "the young shoot", and "folly". Its inner trigram is ⚏ (坎 kan3) gorge = (水) water. Its outer trigram is ☶ (艮 gen4) bound = (水) mountain.

Hexagram 8 is named 比 (bi3), "Grouping". Other variations include "holding together" and "alliance". Its inner trigram is ☷ (坤 kun1) field = (地) earth, and its outer trigram is ☵ (坎 kan3) gorge = (水) water.

Hexagram 15 is named 謙 (qianl), "Humbling". Other variations include "modesty". Its inner trigram is ☶ (艮 gen4) bound = (山) mountain and its outer trigram is ☷ (坤 kun1) field = (地) earth.

Hexagram 16 is named 豫 (yu4), "Providing-For". Other variations include "enthusiasm" and "excess". Its inner trigram is ☷ (坤 kun1) field = (地) earth, and its outer trigram is ☳ (震 zhen4) shake = (雷) thunder.

Hexagram 23 is named 剝 (bol), "Stripping". Other variations include "splitting apart" and "flaying". Its inner trigram is ☷ (坤 kun1) field = (地) earth, and its outer trigram is ☶ (艮 gen4) bound = (山) mountain.

I Ching hexagram 42, depicted |:::|| is named 益 (yi4), Augmenting. Other translations: R. Wilhelm/C. Baynes, Increase; E. Shaughnessy (Mawangdui), Increase.

title: User:Afterword/I Ching


text:
User talk:Angmarlord

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--May the Force be with you! Shreshth91 ($ |-| r 3 $ |-| t |-|)  16:13, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Your name
Does your username refer to the Witch-king of Angmar, lord of the Nazgul from Lord of the Rings. Reply to me on my talk page.--May the Force be with you! Shreshth91 ($ |-| r 3 $ |-| t |-|)  05:40, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Test
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title: User talk:Angmarlord


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William A. A. Wallace

William Alexander Anderson "Bigfoot" Wallace (April 3, 1817 – January 7, 1899) was a Texas Ranger who took part in many of the military conflicts of the Republic of Texas and the United States in the 1840s, including the Mexican–American War.

Biography
Wallace was born in Lexington, Virginia, to parents of Scots-Irish descent. When he learned that a brother and a cousin had been killed in the Goliad Massacre, he set out for Texas to "take pay out of the Mexicans"; years later, he confessed that he believed the account had been squared. Wallace was a large man at 6'2" and 240 pounds in his prime.

Wallace fought at the battles of Salado Creek, Battle of Hondo River, and Mier. Some of his most graphic memories were of his experiences in Perote Prison after having survived the Black Bean Incident. Wallace participated in the Battle of Monterrey during the Mexican–American War. As a member of the John Coffee Hays's Rangers, Wallace killed "as many inoffensive Mexicans as he could to avenge his imprisonment after the Mier Expedition". Wallace later participated in the Comanche Wars.

In the 1850s, Wallace commanded a ranger company of his own, fighting border bandits as well as Native Americans. He was so expert at trailing that he was frequently called upon to track down runaway slaves trying to get to Mexico. He drove a mail hack from San Antonio to El Paso and on one occasion, after losing his mules to Comanches, walked to El Paso and ate twenty-seven eggs at the first Mexican house he came to before going on to town for a full meal.

During the Civil War, he helped guard the frontier against Comanches. At one time, Wallace had a small ranch on the Medina River on land granted to him by the state of Texas.

The later years of his life were spent in South Texas in the vicinity of a small village named Bigfoot. He never married. He was a mellow and convivial soul who liked to sit in a roomy rawhide-bottomed chair in the shade of his shanty and tell the stories of his career. Wallace was personally honest but liked to "stretch the blanket" and embellish his stories.

Wallace died on January 7, 1899, and shortly thereafter the Texas legislature appropriated money for moving his body to the Texas State Cemetery.

"Bigfoot" Wallace is the namesake of the town of Bigfoot, Texas in Frio County and of Wallace Creek in Bandera County.

The Big Foot Wallace museum is a local museum dedicated to Wallace and houses artifacts related to Wallace, as well as those of the community.

Media and literary portrayals
Larry McMurtry included a fictionalized version of Wallace in his Lonesome Dove prequel, Dead Man's Walk. In this book, Wallace is one of the Rangers who signs on with Augustus McCrae and Woodrow Call to go on the Texan Santa Fe Expedition. After they are captured by Mexican authorities, they are made to draw beans to decide who will live or die, a method borrowed from the Mier Expedition. Unlike his real-life counterpart, Wallace in this story draws a black bean, and is   executed. In the film, he is played by Keith Carradine. In the History Channel 5-part television miniseries, Texas Rising, Wallace is played by actor Robert Baker.

Wallace is portrayed as a mentor to the young cattle baron John Chisum in a semi-biographical 2019 novel by Russ Brown titled Miss Chisum.

title: William A. A. Wallace


text: User talk:195.217.49.157

title: User talk:195.217.49.157


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Aaron Embry

Aaron Embry (born November 10, 1975, Bellflower, California) is an American songwriter and record producer. A periodic studio musician and touring pianist with artists such as Elliott Smith and Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, he has also helped write albums by Jane's Addiction and produced albums by artists such as Avi Buffalo. In 2012 he released his solo album Tiny Prayers on Vagrant Records.

Early life
Aaron Randall was born on November 10, 1975, in Bellflower, California. He was the first child of a screenwriter/talent manager mother and dental technician father, H. Charles and Karen Randall. He is the eldest of three siblings, including actor Ethan Embry and photographer Kessia Randall. He began taking piano lessons as a child, and music became a focus of his life. While a high school junior, he played his first professional gig in the orchestra pit of a production of Evita.

Career
At age 19, Capitol Records signed him to a two-year development deal as a solo artist. A formal album wasn't released, but the demo-recording process started his career as a songwriter. He played piano and guitar in Elliott Smith's band touring for the album Figure 8, playing live with Smith, Sam Coomes and Scott McPherson. Embry states that "witnessing [Smith's] creative process was for me the equivalent to taking a graduate course in songwriting." Embry played piano with the band on the April 21, 2000's Late Night with Conan O'Brien.

Embry later became the leader of the indie-rock group Amnion, helping write the group's songs. In February 2008, Amnion released their debut full-length album AmenNamO.

Embry has remained a frequent touring musician, working for musicians such as Willie Nelson. He played piano on the debut album Up From Below, and was then the touring piano player with Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros from 2009 to 2012. In August 2012 he booked a string of dates opening for Mumford and Sons in support of his debut solo album, Tiny Prayers.

In 2014 Embry's song Raven's Song was featured in the movie Wish I Was Here directed by Zach Braff.

Producing
He has engineered, recorded, and produced a number of albums by other musicians and groups. In 2009, Embry produced and recorded the debut album of Long Beach-based band Avi Buffalo for Sub Pop Records at his home studio "Hunter's Hollow" in Glassell Park, California. He worked with producer Daniel Lanois on his album Shine, and also spent time with the Los Angeles production of Hedwig and the Angry Inch.

Tiny Prayers (2012)
Embry began writing a solo album while on the road with his friend, Alexander Ebert of Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros. Tiny Prayers was released on September 18, 2012, on Community and Vagrant. The album includes ten songs written, performed, and co-produced by Embry, with Woody Jackson also co-producing.

The album was positively received. According to a review in Aquarium Drunkard, "Moon of the Daylit Sky", the album's opening track, "is perfectly sparse, but there's a bit of old-fashioned magic as some brushed drums, mandolin, and Embry's tinkling of the ivory fill out the song's skeletal frame. Embry has just a small warble of a voice, but it carries immense weight. He can be airy and vague on the keys but only in the way that a great jazz pianist can." Performer Magazine stated that with Tiny Prayers "Embry relies on a plethora of instruments to convey his thoughts and emotions. Despite the calm and minimalist approach to the album, he displays...a seasoned understanding of how to blend them all together into something captivating."

Personal life
Aaron Embry is married; he and his wife Nikki have one child.

Production credits

 * 1998: No One Is Really Beautiful by Jude (Maverick) – instrumentals
 * 2000: "O Come, O Come, Emmanuel" off Christmas Songs (Nettwerk America) – producer
 * 2003: Strays by Jane's Addiction (Capitol Records) – co-writing, some keyboards, kalimba
 * 2003: "The Richies" by Jane's Addiction – co-wrote lyrics, song
 * 2006: "Superhero" off Up from the Catacombs – The Best of Jane's Addiction (Rhino) – writing
 * 2009: Avi Buffalo by Avi Buffalo (Sub Pop) – produced and recorded
 * 2009: "What's in It For / Jessica" by Avi Buffalo (Sub Pop) – produced
 * 2010: "Remember Last Time" off Western Skies (Uncut Magazine) – produced, instrumentals

title: Aaron Embry


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Talk:Kofi Abrefa Busia

Untitled
For correction.

Kofi Abrefa Busia (11 July 1913 - 28 August 1974) was a Ghanaian. He was born in Nkroful, Gold Coast

The above statement is wrong. Kofi Abrefa Busia was born at Wenchi in Brong Ahafo region

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title: Talk:Kofi Abrefa Busia


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Talk:Double dropping

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
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title: Talk:Double dropping


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Military history/Archive 6

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warbox/battlebox
Interesting infobox based on the battlebox at American Civil War. There also was an idea for a per-nation war navigation footer table too, but the author reverted herself for some reason. See this diff. --mav 02:56, 7 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Yo. We cooked up a warbox scheme over at Talk:Military history of the United States. If anyone else is interested, feel free to join the party. jengod 19:57, Apr 12, 2004 (UTC)

Naming conventions for Wars in the same place
In Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Battles there is a discussion under Naming coventions for battles in the same place

I think that there should be a gidence on this in WikiProject Wars and use one which already exists as a template example.

Philip Baird Shearer 05:33, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

How to layer information about campaigns in modern warfare
I think that there needs to be guidance on how to layer modern wars so that there is a distinction made between the stratigic political and milirary overview  and details down to the unit/ship level.

In the good old days when people knew what they were doing. Wars might or might not have one or more campaign. They fought campaigned during the campaign season had a battle and a siege or two and then went home for harvest/winter.

Even when warfare became an all year round affair and in large one over many Theaters.It was still possible to differentiate between wars, theaters, campaigns, and battles in most cases. Eg WWII.

With th exception of the cold war, most post WWII wars have not been big enough to have more than one theater, but they often had more than one phase or campaign.

For example with the Falklands War, it is possible to distinguish between the war Phase/campaigns and the individual battles eg.

Roots/causes. Politics Diplomacy: before and during the war.

Phase 1: Argentinian initiation strategic overview, political military planning etc.     Argentinian military actions Phase 2: UK Reaction strategic overview political military planning etc.. campaign sea campaign land Battle for Goose Green. Battle for Port Stanley etc.

 * Theses battles are not on scale of the Battle of the Somme and they may not warrant a page to themselves, but they are clearly delineated and can be expanded if wanted into individual pages.

End/Summery

I think that there are areas in Wikipedia where this distinction could usefully be made.and would help clarify the information. One example is the Gallipoli campaign in WWI. At the moment it is all lumped into one page Battle of Gallipoli If it were to be laid out as

Dardanelles Campaign Discussion about the political and military planning and strategy campaign at sea (The naval battles to try to force the passage) campaign on land Battle of Gallipoli

I think that one of the problems with the Gulf War (1990-1991)  is that this distinction has been lost. But there is no reason that it should be. For example there are two distinct phases to the war.

Phase 1 Iraq's invasion of Kuwait Discussion of Iraq's strategy First Battle of Kuwait Phase 2 Removal of Iraq from Kuwait Overall political and military planning and strategy 3 campaigns 1) Air campaign   Strategic bombing of Iraq    Hunt of Iraq missiles    Tactical support of land campaign 2) Land campaign Holding the line at the Saudi boarder and Build up of forces. Deep penetration raids and hunt for Missiles Invasion of Iraq (Desert Storm) Second Battle of Kuwait 3) Sea campaign    Campaign at sea (land attacks etc)     Amphibious operations (see Second Battle of Kuwait)

There are several advantages to this type of approach.
 * Experts in different fields can contribute to their area of expertises. For example the more detailed parts of maritime and land battles of a campaign tend to be addressed by different people.
 * Cross linking becomes more precise. For example there is a page HMS Goliath (1898) which has a link to Dardanelles Campaign.  It is unlikely that someone who is on the page HMS Goliath is going to want much of the information on the land battle. But they might be very interested in the navel section.  A link in the  navel section to the ship(s) which took part would be of interest to a navel historian, but it is not a detail that the land Battle of Gallipoli needs.  Creating a campaign level above the the battle level allows for this disambiguation.
 * The drill down details become something which the authors at each level can decide on without it being argued about by people interested in other areas. For example at the strategic/political level there should be disinterest that there are several separate wikipedia page on different parts of the Battle of Waterloo. All that is needed at the strategic level is a link to the battle.
 * Last, but not least, it allows for impact of controversial issues to decanted into specific areas so reducing the impact of editor wars.

So has anyone else got any thoughts on this? Philip Baird Shearer 05:33, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

 * My thinking is that an article about a war or campaign should cover, in its entirety and self-contained, the war or campaign, following basically the structure you describe:

 * brief lead text intro
 * roots/causes/origins
 * phase 1
 * phase 2
 * summary
 * summary

 * There may also be sections on, say, significant technology or whatever. Then, if each or any of the middle sections warrant it, these can be expanded as their own articles.  The reader should be able to get a complete description of the war/campaign from reading the article and not be directed to read other articles first.

 * That's the approach I took with Gallipoli anyway (and I do intend to write a "Naval operations at Gallipoli" or some such article eventually). In the parent article, I try to make it obvious that more detail is available via the See main article links.  I then have the navigation table at the bottom of each article so that, to read through the series of articles, you just click the next link in the table.

 * I don't know how easy it would be to enforce this sort of organisation on a "popular" article such as "Gulf War" or "World War I". There is a danger that someone will notice an ommision in the parent article and add it, unaware that it is covered in a sub-article.

 * Geoff/Gsl 06:28, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Military Collaboration of the week
I've created a new Wikipedia project for a Miliary Collaboration of the week. Any one who wants to help out is more then welcome. Oberiko 15:02, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Current wars in Burma
List of current wars: This article lists countries in a state of war, whose current wars not necessary have an article. Sarcelles 23:39, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)


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Peder Anker

Peder Anker (8 December 1749 – 10 December 1824) was a prominent Norwegian landowner, businessman and politician. He served as the prime minister of Norway from 1814 until 1822.

Biography
Peder Anker was a member of a Danish-Norwegian noble family. He was born in Christiania, the son of the wealthy merchant Christian Ancher. He had three brothers Iver (1745–1772), Bernt (1746–1805) and Jess (1753–1798). Following education in Christiania and a year as student at the University of Copenhagen, Peder Anker and his brothers spent five years traveling with private tutors in Great Britain, France, Germany, and Italy. They were pupils of the noted Swedish naturalist Carl von Linné at Uppsala University in 1764. He was granted Danish nobility in 1778 and was awarded the title of General War Commissioner in 1788.

Peder Anker bought Bogstad Manor with additional forest land and extended the existing house to make a splendid mansion. Bogstad had for about 100 years belonged to members of the Leuch family, his grandmother's family. He also acquired iron mines and foundries, notably Bærums Verk and Hakadal Verk. The Vækerø manor (Vækerø gård) near Oslo was established as a port for the export of lumber. Anker rose to become one of Norway's richest individuals.

Peder Anker was a delegate to the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll in 1814, representing Akershus Amt. He distinguished himself as a "unionist", whose members opposed complete independence for Norway. On 18 November 1814 he was appointed Prime Minister of Norway to Stockholm after the Union between Sweden and Norway was established, and remained in this office until 30 June 1822.

Honors
Peder Anker was decorated with the Royal Order of the Seraphim and the Order of Charles XIII. He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Dannebrog in 1812. In 1815, he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Legacy
Several roads in Norway have been named in honor of Peder Anker including Peder Ankers vei in  Jar, Peder Anker gate in Halden, and Peder Ankers Plass in Oslo.

Other sources

 * Frydenlund, Bård (2009) Stormannen Peder Anker : en biografi (Oslo: Aschehoug)  ISBN 978-82-03-21084-6
 * Government Administration Services Peder Anker

Related Reading
Holmøyvik, Eirik (2012) Maktfordeling og 1814 (Bergen, Fagbokforlaget)   ISBN 978-82-450-1276-7

title: Peder Anker


text:
Talk:Lincoln Center, Kansas

Important Notes Before Editing This Article
Please review the following to get a better idea of what you should add to this article:
 * 1) Please follow the Wikipedia USCITY guideline for layout and content.
 * 2) Please examine these great articles for ideas: Lock Haven, Pennsylvania / Stephens City, Virginia / Kent, Ohio / Tulsa, Oklahoma / Grand Forks, North Dakota.
 * 3) Please ensure a person meets Wikipedia Notability requirements before adding to the "Notable People" section.

Please review the following before editing:
 * 1) Please document your source by citing a reference to prove your text is verifiable.
 * 2) Please add text that has a neutral point of view instead of sounding like an advertisement.
 * 3) Please read the "Editing, Creating, and Maintaining Articles" chapter from the book Wikipedia : The Missing Manual, ISBN 9780596515164.

Sbmeirow (talk) 05:56, 20 December 2010 (UTC)

Official City Name?
According to the Kansas Post Office Directory the name of the town was changed in 1878 to Lincoln. Lincoln Center was used from 1870 to 1878. http://www.kshs.org/genealogists/places/postoffices.htm

The U.S. Geographic Names Information System lists the name as Lincoln and Lincoln Center as a variant name. http://geonames.usgs.gov/

grumpykansan 11:09 12 Oct 2005

 * Lincoln Center is the correct name: the Census Bureau recognises that as the official name, as does its GNIS feature record. We don't have New York City at "The Big Apple" or Gann, Ohio at "Brinkhaven, Ohio", even though both of these situations are common names or nicknames for these communities.  Nyttend (talk) 00:06, 17 July 2010 (UTC)  (copied from comments left on my user page Sbmeirow (talk) 00:37, 17 July 2010 (UTC))

 * It sounds like the city needs to go through procedures for each US Government agency to fix it. Likely would be a mess and take a lot of time and might be the reason why they haven't done it. Sbmeirow (talk) 00:37, 17 July 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Lincoln Center, Kansas