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Ottawa Police Service

The Ottawa Police Service (OPS; French: Service de police d'Ottawa) is the municipal police service of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, as well as most of the Ontario side of the National Capital Region. The OPS employs 1,480 officers and 620 staff as of 2022, and serves an area of 2,790 square kilometres and 1,017,449 (2021 census) people, alongside several other police forces which have specialized jurisdiction. Formally established in 1855, the OPS gradually absorbed the police forces of other neighbouring municipalities as Ottawa itself expanded, and experienced multiple mergers and reforms in the process; the current OPS was established in 2001.

Early history (1847–1968)
The first law enforcement agency in Ottawa was the Bytown Association for the Preservation of the Public Peace, formed in 1847. In 1855, after Bytown was incorporated and renamed to Ottawa, Roderick Ross was appointed the first chief constable, supervising a force of approximately 17 constables. Early law enforcement in Ottawa was reportedly difficult: constables often dealt with rampant public intoxication and alcohol abuse; instead of a proper salary, constables were paid $1 for each apprehension and call response; and political influence frequently interfered with the Peelian principles the police were meant to follow. The dysfunction of early policing in Ottawa prompted reform in the 1860s: in 1863, the Board of Commission of Police (later the Ottawa Police Services Board) was formed to oversee police activities and prevent police corruption, and a new chief of police was appointed with baton-armed officers, though they still lacked uniforms and salaries. In 1865, the Ottawa Police was formalized as a police service with uniforms and proper salaries.

Over the years, the Ottawa Police gradually advanced with technology and society, fielding armed police in 1867; horse-drawn paddy wagons in 1893; bicycle patrols in 1896; a mounted unit in 1905; police cars in 1912; a 24/7 emergency line in the 1930s; and police radios in 1935. In 1913, the OPS hired Flora Ann Campbell, their first female constable, though she was unarmed and assigned to juvenile duties, probation, overseeing women accused of crimes, and conflict resolution, instead of the regular patrol duties reserved for male constables. In 1915, a code of conduct was formalized. In 1945, the Ottawa Police School was established as a police academy to train recruits; previously, Ottawa Police constables only received field training. It was succeeded by the Ontario Police College in 1959. In 1951, the Ottawa Police Association, the Ottawa Police's union, was formed.

Mergers and Ottawa–Carleton Regional Police Service (1969–2000)
As Ottawa and the Ottawa Police grew, neighbouring municipalities did as well, and some formed their own police forces. The Eastview Police was formed in 1913, and were suitably renamed when Eastview became Vanier in 1969. In 1957, Gloucester and Nepean formed the shared Gloucester-Nepean Police Department, which was later split into the separate Gloucester Police Service and Nepean Police Service in 1964. Other municipalities with close ties to Ottawa—namely Cumberland, Kanata, Manotick, Rockcliffe Park, and West Carleton Township—had their own Ontario Provincial Police detachments as well. By the formation of Ottawa–Carleton Region in 1969, the possibility arose to merge all police forces in the Region into a single unified service, and expand the new police service's jurisdiction to take over for the OPP. These mergers began in 1984, when the Vanier Police was absorbed by the Ottawa Police on December 31; Vanier remained a separate city until 2001, and most Vanier Police constables simply "patched over" to continue patrolling their jurisdiction, making the merger largely a visual and administrative change.

On January 1, 1995, the Ottawa Police absorbed the Nepean Police Service, Gloucester Police Service, and the jurisdictions of the aforementioned municipalities with OPP detachments, to be reformed as the Ottawa–Carleton Regional Police Service (OCRPS). However, the new service was immediately plagued by major controversies, severe dysfunction, and poor morale: the Ottawa Citizen reported in May 1995 that in the span of just 18 weeks, Regional Chief Brian Ford was accused of misusing sick leave funds; Jamaican Canadian activist Ralph Kirkland accused the OCRPS of racism over a minor arrest, prompting "secret negotiations" to drop the charges; a judge deemed a weapons arrest by two constables illegal and accused them of police brutality; Wayne Johnson, a Black Canadian, drowned in the Rideau River while fleeing constables in controversial circumstances, which led to one investigated constable committing suicide due to a lack of support; two constables were shot and wounded responding to a robbery, which was blamed on outdated service weapons and low manpower; and eight homicides had already occurred (the same amount for all of 1994), with one victim having called the police three times with no response before she was killed. Even before the OCRPS's establishment, surveys in fall 1994 indicated 74% of Ottawa Police constables believed morale was low and 82% of Nepean Police constables were disillusioned with their jobs. Ford was quoted as saying "I've never seen three months like this in all my 30 years of policing. It's one crisis to the next. I've never seen anything like this. Never."

Modern history (2001–present)
On January 1, 2001, Ottawa–Carleton Region's constituent municipalities were amalgamated into the City of Ottawa, and the OCRPS was reformed as the Ottawa Police Service.

Over the course of Ottawa's history, the police forces have had 14 officers killed in the line of duty.

Policing philosophy
The OPS takes a community-oriented approach to policing. The Neighbourhood Resource Team (NRT) program was created to deploy frontline constables into high-crime and high-traffic areas. After the closure of the OPS school resource officer program, NRT gained a new youth subdivision intended to engage with at-risk youth outside of the education system. The PIVOT team works to combat guns and gangs within Ottawa through a strategic deployment to certain communities.

Frontline OPS constables are expected to prioritize community interaction, which is a different approach from traditional law enforcement.

Community policing is displayed in many OPS units. Frontline and NRT constables are expected to make connections with citizens and businesses in the areas they serve. This in turn, creates a more trusting environment all-around.

The OPS was the first police service in Canada to include a Hate Crimes investigative branch.

Organization
The current chief of police is Eric Stubbs.

The rank of senior constable is no longer awarded, however the rank is still in effect until the last senior constable retires. To have become a senior constable, an officer had to have had ten years service and have successfully completed the sergeant's promotional exam.

With very rare exceptions, all police officers receive their three-month police training and basic constable diplomas at the Ontario Police College in Aylmer. New police recruits are hired as 4th class constables, and without any training or discipline issues, can expect to reach the rank of 1st class constable within 5 years. A 1st class constable has a base salary pretax of approximately $96,000, not including overtime and off-duty court time. This pay rate is the norm compared to other police services found within Ontario and generally the Ottawa Police Service falls within the top five highest paid services in the province.

The OPS also maintains a Ceremonial Guard to attend the many community events and parades that occur in Ottawa as a representative of the police service, and the Ottawa Police Service Pipe Band, which competes every season in the Ontario pipe band circuit, most notably finishing as Ontario Championship Supreme in grade 2 in 2012.

Inter-agency relationships
Security services at Parliament Hill and the parliamentary district in Ottawa are handled by the Parliamentary Protective Service (PPS) and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), not the OPS. The RCMP generally do not play a role in municipal police operations in Ottawa, with the exception of federal land managed by the National Capital Commission. Under federal and provincial law, the RCMP have jurisdiction over the entire city but maintain a mandate of diplomatic engagements, federal land, and the carriage rides.

The Ontario Provincial Police patrol Ottawa's main provincial highways (Highway 416 and the Queensway).

The Canadian Forces deploy their own military police to patrol Department of National Defence property in Ottawa (National Defence Headquarters (Canada), NDHQ Carling, CFS Leitrim and Connaught Cadet Training Centre).

The OPS provides law enforcement services at Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport and is also authorized to act on behalf of Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport Authority to provide certain security services. Before the 1997 semi-privatization of Class 1 Canadian airports, these services were provided by the RCMP to Transport Canada.

In April 2007, the Ottawa Police Services Board granted special constable status to transit law enforcement officers employed by OC Transpo. The OPS works in partnership with transit special constables who provide many frontline supplemental police services in cooperation with the Ottawa Police.

In the same way, some of the safety personnel of Carleton University are sworn as special constables and hold limited police powers on campus grounds.

Operations
The OPS has 5 police stations, which largely operate as typical police stations but with more focus on serving as police workplaces; and 19 Community Police Centres, which are community-oriented substations typically located in central areas and community centre.

Patrol Operations

 * West Division — Responsible for regions of Ottawa west of the Rideau River (e.g. Kanata, Nepean, Stittsville, West Carleton).
 * Central Division — Responsible for central Ottawa and Downtown (e.g. Centretown, Westboro, Vanier).
 * East Division — Responsible for regions of Ottawa east of the Rideau River (e.g. Orleans, Gloucester, Riverside South, Greely).

Criminal Investigative Services

 * Arson Unit — Investigates arsons and suspicious fires in cooperation with the Ottawa Fire Services and Ontario Office of the Fire Marshal.
 * Collision Investigation Unit — Investigates traffic collision that are not fatal but may be serious or in dispute.
 * Fatal Collision Investigation Unit — Investigates fatal traffic collisions and handles collision reconstruction, technical analyses, calculations, and evidence examination where necessary.
 * Computer Forensics Unit — Investigates cybercrime, hacking, network intrusion, child pornography distribution, serious cyberbullying, and other computer-related crimes that do not primarily fall under the mandate of other units. Also provides computer forensics, online tracing, and technical support services to other units.
 * Drug Unit — Enforces narcotic laws, prevents the illegal production of prescription drugs and acquisition of precursor chemicals, and investigates and counters drug trafficking, smuggling, and drug-related organized crime.
 * Elder Abuse Section — Investigates elder abuse and domestic violence involving elderly individuals.
 * Forensic Identification Section — Handles forensics, crime scene investigation, evidence and body handling and analyses, and DNA databank maintenance.
 * Guns and Gangs Unit — The gang intelligence unit and anti-arms trafficking unit of the OPS. Counters the activities of existing gangs and works to prevent further membership through interventions and social prevention. Under Guns and Gangs is Prevention and Intervention of Violence in Ottawa (PIVOT), formerly the Direct Action Response Team (DART), which works to directly intervene against gangs and patrol communities with a notable gang presence.
 * Hate and Bias Crime Unit — Investigates hate crimes.
 * Homicide Unit — Investigates homicides, suspicious deaths, found human remains, and cold cases.
 * Human Trafficking Unit — Investigates and counters human trafficking.
 * Intimate Partner Violence Unit — Investigates domestic violence and abuse.
 * Robbery Unit — Investigates all types of robberies.
 * Sexual Assault and Child Abuse Section — Investigates sexual assault, child abuse, and child pornography.
 * Organized Auto Theft — Investigates motor vehicle theft and vehicle break-ins.
 * Organized Fraud Section — Investigates all kinds of fraud.

Support Services

 * Communications Centre — Handles police dispatching and 911 service for the Ottawa area.
 * Police Reporting Unit — Takes and handles police reports, and handles calls for service where constables do not need to be dispatched, primarily by phone.
 * Evidence Control Unit — Handles evidence, stolen property, and items in police custody.
 * Mental Health Crisis Unit — Provides urgent mental health support in mental health crisis incidents, in cooperation with The Ottawa Hospital's Mobile Crisis Team.
 * Adult Pre-Charge Diversion Unit — Guides individuals with minor criminal offences away from the criminal justice system and toward rehabilitation via restorative justice, community organization support, and addressing root problems that lead to crime and worse offences.
 * Victim Support Unit — Provides supports, services, assessments, and counselling to victims of crimes.
 * Impounded Vehicles Section — Manages police vehicle impoundment and towing. Organized under the Traffic Services Unit.

Emergency Operations

 * Tactical Unit — The police tactical unit of the OPS. Handles high-risk and high-profile situations that regular constables are not trained or equipped to effectively and safely resolve.
 * Traffic Services Unit — The traffic police and road patrol unit of the OPS. Provides basic traffic enforcement and road policing, and handles operations such as police escorts, parades, road closures, police checkpoints, and special traffic enforcement projects.
 * Canine Unit — Maintains and provides police dog services. As of 2024 the OPS has 13 police dogs.
 * Emergency Services Unit — Handles planned and unplanned large-scale events such as large-scale searches for missing persons and evidence, crowd management, and mass casualty incidents. Divided into multiple other units for specific incidents, including the Public Order Unit for crowd control and the CBRNe Task Force for chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive crises.
 * Marine, Dive and Trails Unit — Provides marine policing services in Ottawa's waterways, as well as policing in remote areas such as trails that are not accessible to regular vehicles and underequipped constables.
 * Underwater Search and Recovery Unit — Provides underwater search and recovery services in cooperation with the Marine, Dive and Trails Unit.
 * Airport Policing Section — Provides airport police services at Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport.

Corporate/Executive Services

 * Media Relations — Communicates with news media, maintains the OPS's image in the public eye, and facilitates cooperation between the media and police.
 * Diversity Resource and Race Relations Unit — Ensures the OPS upholds fair and equitable policing and maintains their public image in race relations.
 * Professional Standards Section — Ensures the OPS maintains and upholds their professional standards and conduct.

Fleet
Throughout the 20th century, the Ottawa Police Service and other neighbouring police services used a variety of vehicles, such as the Chevrolet Caprice. The first motor vehicle used by the Ottawa Police in 1912 was the Ford Model T. By the 2001 amalgamation, the majority of marked patrol vehicles deployed by the OPS were the Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor and Chevrolet Impala 9C1. Following the CVPI's discontinuation in 2011, the OPS purchased Ford Police Interceptor Sedan (FPIS) and Ford Police Interceptor Utility (FPIU) vehicles to replace it. The FPIS became the new majority of marked patrol vehicles in the fleet until it was discontinued in 2019; since then, most FPIS vehicles in the fleet have been retired and replaced by newer FPIUs.

In February 2021, the Ottawa Police Services Board discussed the possibility of using electric police cars. In summer 2022, the OPS tested Dodge Durango and Dodge Charger police vehicles.

Vehicles used by the Tactical Unit include the Ford Expedition and the Lenco BearCat.

The OPS has one fixed wing aircraft, a Cessna 206 and various marine vehicles that patrol Ottawa waterways in the summer.

Equipment

 * Glock 22
 * Colt Canada C7 and C8
 * Remington 870
 * Mossberg 500
 * Taser X26, X2 Defender, and 7
 * Batons
 * Pepper spray
 * Handcuffs
 * Tourniquet
 * Radio
 * First aid kit
 * Automated external defibrillator
 * Naloxone

Controversies
On March 20, 1995, Wayne Johnson, a Black Canadian, drowned in the Rideau River after being pepper sprayed by pursuing OCRPS constables. Police launched a search for Johnson, but reportedly could not find him and called off the search after five days; shortly after, Johnson's friends located his body three meters from where he was last seen. As the Ottawa Citizen reported, "To the black community, it looked as though the police search had been a farce." Police spokesman Dave Pepper denied the claims and, in reference to that and other issues plaguing the OCRPS at the time, considered it bad luck. On May 9, Constable Shawn Wilson, one of the constables being investigated in relation to the incident, committed suicide; his family blamed it on the lack of support and care he received from administration, and prohibited any OCRPS constables above the rank of staff sergeant from attending his funeral.

In June 2020, Chief Peter Sloly announced that Constable James Ramsay had been charged for distributing a racist meme image within the OPS that depicted 13 racialized constable with the caption "Ottawa Police Services – We're always hiring…anyone." Sloly learned of the meme around April and stated in a virtual meeting with the Ottawa Police Services Board that the meme targeted racialized members of the service. Rasmay was temporarily demoted from first class to second class constable for 9 months and was ordered to participate in a healing circle.

In September 2020, Ontario Court Justice Peter K. Doody found that the OPS had "a pattern of systemic failure" towards respecting the right to counsel guaranteed by Section 10 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms after a defense lawyer presented him with 15 cases over the previous three years – not including the case in question and a subsequently reported case – of the OPS failing to advise detainees of that right.

In February 2022, Sloly resigned from the OPS amid controversy over his handling of the Canada convoy protest, which led the OPP and RMCP to take temporary management over the OPS and establish a command centre in Ottawa. On February 16, 2022, Steve Bell, who has served as OPS Deputy Chief since 2016, was named as the interim Police Chief.

title: Ottawa Police Service


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Sensation novel

The sensation novel, also sensation fiction, was a literary genre of fiction that achieved peak popularity in Great Britain in the 1860s and 1870s, centering taboo material shocking to its readers as a means of musing on contemporary social anxieties.

Its literary forebears included the melodramatic novels and the Newgate novels, which focused on tales woven around criminal biographies; it also drew on the Gothic, romance, as well as mass market genres. The genre's popularity was conjoined to an expanding book market and growth of a reading public, by-products of the Industrial Revolution. Whereas romance and realism had traditionally been contradictory modes of literature, they were brought together in sensation fiction. The sensation novelists commonly wrote stories that were allegorical and abstract; the abstract nature of the stories gave the authors room to explore scenarios that wrestled with the social anxieties of the Victorian era. The loss of identity is seen in many sensation fiction stories because this was a common social anxiety; in Britain, there was an increased use in record keeping and therefore people questioned the meaning and permanence of identity. The social anxiety regarding identity is reflected in novels such as The Woman in White and Lady Audley's Secret.

Sensation fiction is commonly seen to have emerged as a definable genre in the wake of three novels: Wilkie Collins' The Woman in White (1859–60); Mrs. Henry Wood's East Lynne (1861); and Mary Elizabeth Braddon's Lady Audley's Secret (1862). Perhaps the earliest use of the term "sensation fiction" as a name for such novels appears in the 1861 edition of the Saunders, Otley, & co.'s Literary Budget.

Sensation novels were the precursor of pulp fiction, which were inexpensive fiction magazines that were published from 1896 until around 1955.

Definition
The Victorian sensation novel has been variously defined as a "novel-with-a-secret" and as the sort of novel that combines "romance and realism" in a way that "strains both modes to the limit". More recently, Anna Peak has suggested that the Victorians themselves identified a wide range of works as "sensation novels" and that the connecting characteristic is the way such works represent lower-class characters: "one way of thinking of the sensation novel is as a genre that disrupts a middle-class perspective, whereas realist novels (that famously middle-class genre), even when including lower-class characters, deal with them in a way that usually does not similarly disrupt a middle-class perspective."

Influences
Sensation novelists drew on the influences of melodrama, Gothicism, and the Newgate novel to explore themes considered provocative by societal norms and to question the artificiality of identity. In the 1860s, the sensation novels and theatre became closely intertwined; many of the famous sensation novelists wrote as well for the stage. Dickens, Reade, and Collins all wrote and acted for the theatre, and the stage helped many novelists gain recognition as authors. Peter Brooks defines melodrama as an attempt "to find, to articulate, to demonstrate, to 'prove' the existence of a moral universe which, though put into question, masked by villainy and perversions of judgement, does exist and can be made to assert its presence.

The Gothic influence on the sensation novel is described by Laurence Talairach-Vielmas thus:"secrecy and the body go hand in hand, and the more sensation novels highlight the elusiveness or artificiality of human identity, the more hair-raising Gothic loci appear as the ultimate place where fragment of truth can be recollected and reunited and story rewritten."A common Gothic influence seen in the sensation novels is the search for a secret. Moreover, crime scenes at wells or near water are symbolic of the "depth" which is a key element of Gothic fiction. The sensation novel puts a modern spin on the classic Gothic ghost stories by placing the stories in contemporary settings and this produces the effect of creating a terror that is real and believable. Le Fanu's story, "Green Tea", is exemplary of the sensation novelists desire to explore the path less trodden. The main character, Jennings, inadvertently opens up an inner eye that can see the spiritual world after consuming too much green tea.

Sensation novels drew influence as well from the Newgate novels that were popular during the 1830s and 40s; similarly to the sensation novel, Newgate novels created much controversy and debate. Authors of both genres found inspiration in newspaper police reports; the crime mysteries of the sensation novels, however, were less interested in actually catching the criminal and instead focused more on the criminal's identity and how they became a criminal.

Themes and reception
Typically the sensation novel focused on shocking subject matter including adultery, robbery, disguise, revenge, kidnapping, insanity, bigamy, forgery, seduction and murder. It distinguished itself from other contemporary genres, including the Gothic novel, by setting these themes in ordinary, familiar and often domestic settings, thereby undermining the common Victorian-era assumption that sensational events were something foreign and divorced from comfortable middle-class life. W. S. Gilbert satirised these works in his 1871 comic opera A Sensation Novel. For Anthony Trollope, however, the best novels should be "at the same time realistic and sensational...and both in the highest degree".

When sensation novels burst upon a quiescent England these novels became immediate best sellers, surpassing all previous book sales records. However, highbrow critics writing in academic journals of the day decried the phenomenon and criticized its practitioners (and readers) in the harshest terms; John Ruskin perhaps providing the most thoughtful criticism in his 'Fiction – Fair and Foul'. Some scholars speculate that the notoriety of the genre may have contributed to its popularity. Henry Longueville Mansel from the Quarterly described the sensation novel as "extremely provocative of that sensation in the palate and throat which is a premonitory symptom of nausea".

Notable examples
• The Woman in White (1859–60), Wilkie Collins

• East Lynne (1861), Mrs Henry Wood

• The Old Roman Well (1861), Anonymous

• Lady Audley's Secret (1862), Mary Elizabeth Braddon

• Ashcombe Churchyard (1862), Evelyn Benson

• Passages in the Life of a Fast Young Lady (1862), Elizabeth Caroline Grey

• No Name (1862), Wilkie Collins

• Aurora Floyd (1863), Mary Elizabeth Braddon

• Nobly False (1863), James M'Grigor Allan

• The Shadow of Ashlydyat (1864), Mrs Henry Wood

• Griffith Gaunt (1865–66), Charles Reade

• Armadale (1866), Wilkie Collins

• Cometh Up as a Flower (1867), Rhoda Broughton

• Foul Play (1868), Charles Reade

• Cora, or, The Romance of Three Years (1869), Gertrude Fenton

• The Mystery of Edwin Drood (1870), Charles Dickens

• A Terrible Temptation (1871), Charles Reade

• Desperate Remedies (1871), Thomas Hardy

Legacy
Neo-Victorian novels, such as Celia Fremlin's The Hours Before Dawn (1958) and Eleanor Catton's The Luminaries (2013), have been seen to draw on the conventions of sensation fiction. The Luminaries includes uses of "suspect wills and forged documents, secret marriages, illegitimacy and opium". Sarah Waters stated that her third novel Fingersmith (Virago Press, 2002) is meant as a tribute to the sensational novel genre.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sensation novel


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Clare GAA

The Clare County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Contae an Chláir) or Clare GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Clare. Clare plays its home games at Cusack Park in Ennis.

The county hurling team competes in Division 1 of the National Hurling League and in the Munster Senior Hurling Championship (SHC), the latter of which it has won six times, most recently in 1998. Clare has won the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) four times in its history. The county won its first title in 1914 and took another 81 years to win a second title in 1995, which remains the record wait for a successive title in Senior Championship history. Clare won its most recent All-Ireland SHC titles in 1997 and 2013.

The county football team contested the 1917 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final.

Governance
Pat Fitzgerald served as county secretary from June 1990. He became one of the longest serving administrators in the province of Munster. Initially in the role in a voluntary capacity, he was offered his first full-time contract in 2009 and a second one in 2016. Fitzgerald is with the Sixmilebridge club. He is the father of Davy Fitzgerald, the former hurler and manager of the Clare senior hurlers. A Garda investigation was established into claims that Fitzgerald was being abused on social media. Fitzgerald mentioned it in his 2019 annual report. In June 2022, Pat Fitzgerald announced his intention to resign from his role as Clare county secretary after 32 years.

Deirdre Murphy took over as Head of Operations from October 2022.

Cusack Park
Cusack Park is the primary home of the Clare hurling, football, camogie and Peil na mBan teams at all grades.

Named after the founder of the GAA, Michael Cusack, the ground had an original capacity of about 28,000 (mostly terraced), but following a 2011 safety review, the certified capacity was reduced to 14,864. Three sides of the ground are terraced - the two areas behind the goals and one terraced length of the pitch which is also covered.

In 2006 there were media reports of substantial offers from property developers to buy the stadium and relocate it to a new 42,000 capacity site outside the town centre. However by 2009 it appeared unlikely given the recent Celtic Tiger crash that this would happen. Between 2009-12, Clare GAA invested over €500,000 in refurbishment works including pitch drainage and fencing around the pitch. In 2015 a major renovation started, this included the demolition and re-erection of the main stand and construction of a new entrance/exit at the north side of the stadium. Once completed in late 2017 the official capacity was increased to 19,000 people for the start of the 2018 season.

On 17 June 2018, the stadium was completely sold out for the first time since re-opening for the visit of local hurling rivals Limerick.

The knockout stages of the Clare Senior Hurling Championship and the Clare Senior Football Championship are held annually in the stadium.

Clubs
Clubs contest the Clare Senior Hurling Championship. That competition's most successful club is Newmarket-on-Fergus, with 23 titles.

County team
Clare have won six Munster SHCs and four All-Ireland SHCs.

In 1889, Clare won its first Munster SHC title after receiving a walkover from Kerry in the final. Clare contested the 1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, but lost to Dublin by a scoreline of 5–01 to 1–06. Clare won a second Munster SHC title in 1914, defeating Cork by a scoreline of 3–02 to 3–01. Clare then defeated Galway in the All-Ireland semi-final by 6–06 to 0–00 to reach the 1914 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final. In that game Clare defeated Laois by a scoreline of 2–04 to 1–02, with Amby Power becoming the first man to captain Clare to an All-Ireland hurling title. Clare won another Munster SHC title in 1932, defeating Cork on a scoreline of 5–02 to 4–01. The team contested the 1932 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, but lost to Kilkenny by a scoreline of 3–03 to 2–03.

After losing Munster SHC finals in 1993 and 1994, Len Gaynor was replaced as manager by Ger Loughnane, from Feakle. Clare made a return to the Munster SHC final in 1995 after a 2–13 to 3–09 victory over Cork in the semi-final. In the closing minutes of that game, Cork were leading by two points, at which point Clare earned a sideline, which was taken by Fergie Tuohy. It travelled to the edge of the square, where Ollie Baker doubled on the sliotar, scoring a goal, to send Clare through to the decider. In the final, Clare faced Limerick. Clare dominated the game and easily won, by a scoreline of 1–17 to 0–11. This was Clare's first Munster SHC title in 63 years. In the All-Ireland SHC semi-final, Clare played Galway. 2–01 from Ger 'Sparrow' O'Loughlin and 0–07 from Jamesie O'Connor helped Clare through to the final by a scoreline of 3–12 to 1–13. Offaly, the reigning All-Ireland SHC champions, awaited Clare in that game. In the second half, an Anthony Daly free rebounded off the post and fell to Eamonn Taaffe at the edge of the square; Taaffe sent the ball into the back of the Offaly net. Clare won by a scoreline of 1–13 to 2–08 to secure a first All-Ireland SHC in 81 years.

In 1997, Clare defeated Kerry and Cork to qualify for a Munster SHC final against Tipperary. That game was held in Páirc Uí Chaoimh, Cork and Clare won a close match by a scoreline of 1–18 to 0–18. Clare then defeated Kilkenny by a scoreline of 1–17 to 1–13 in the All-Ireland SHC semi-final. In the subsequent All-Ireland SHC final, Clare faced Tipperary, an opponent that had advanced through "the back door" to reach the final. A late Tipperary goal gave that team the lead but, entering the closing stages, the teams were tied at 2–13 to 0–19. Jamesie O'Connor then scored a point that was enough to win Clare the All-Ireland SHC title. He finished the game with 0–07 and later won the All Stars Hurler of the Year award.

In 1998, Clare retained the Munster SHC title. The team defeated Cork by a scoreline of 0–21 to 0–13 to qualify for the final, where they faced Waterford. A late goal from a Paul Flynn free tied the game at 1–16 to 3–10 and sent it to a replay. Clare won the replay by a scoreline of 2–16 to 0–10. Clare faced Offaly in the 1998 All-Ireland SHC semi-final. That game ended in a draw, 1–13 apiece. In the replay Clare were leading in the closing stages by a scoreline of 2–10 to 1–16; however the referee accidentally blew the match up early. Disarray engulfed Croke Park as disgruntled Offaly supporters began a sit-down protest on the pitch. As the full 70 minutes had not been completed, the semi-final had to be replayed. On this occasion, Offaly won by a scoreline of 0–16 to 0–13.

In 2012, Davy Fitzgerald began his tenure as Clare manager. Managerial backroom team included Paul Kinnerk and Seoirse Bulfin. At that time Clare had not won a championship match since 2008 and the team was also in the second tier of the National Hurling League. Clare won Division 1B of the league to gain promotion for the following year. In the Munster SHC, Clare lost to Waterford by a scoreline of 2–17 to 1–18. Clare then faced Dublin in a 2012 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship qualifier. In what was Tony Kelly's first senior game for the county, he scored 1–02 to help Clare win by a scoreline of 1–16 to 0–16. In the next round Limerick defeated Clare by a scoreline of 3-18 to 1-20. In the 2013 season, Clare defeated Waterford in the Munster SHC quarter-final by a scoreline of 2–20 to 1–15, outscoring them by 2–12 to 0–06 in the second half. This was the first time Clare had won a Munster SHC game since 2008. In the Munster SHC semi-final, Cork defeated Clare by a scoreline of 0–23 to 0–15. Clare then defeated Laois and Wexford in the 2013 All-Ireland SHC qualifiers. Thus Clare advanced to an All-Ireland SHC quarter-final against Galway, winning that game by a scoreline of by 1-23 to 2-14. Munster SHC winner Limerick awaited Clare in the All-Ireland SHC semi-final. An early Darach Honan goal helped Clare win by a scoreline of 1–22 to 0–18 and qualify for a first All-Ireland SHC final since 2002. The 2013 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was held on 8 September and Clare led at half-time. In the second half Cork scored three goals to get back into the game. With the sides level, Patrick Horgan scored to put Cork into the lead. Moments later, in injury-time, Domhnall O'Donovan pointed to send the game to a replay, the full-time score being 3–16 to 0–25. On 28 September 2013, Clare won the replay by a scoreline of 5–16 to 3–16. Shane O'Donnell scored 3–03 of Clare's total in that game. A Conor McGrath goal in the 61st minute was quickly followed by three points to put Clare 4–16 to 2–16 ahead. A late Stephen Moylan goal was cancelled out by a Darach Honan goal and Clare won by a scoreline of 5–16 to 3–16. Clare's centre-forward, Tony Kelly, was awarded both the All Stars Young Hurler of the Year and All Stars Hurler of the Year awards.

Clare won the 2016 National Hurling League in May that year, a first since 1978 after a 1–23 to 2–19 win against Waterford in a replay.

Camogie
Camogie was established by County Secretary, Mick Hennessy, of Clooney in 1934. Peggy Nagle of Ennistymon and Sheila Carroll of Lahinch revived the game in 1958. Under Camogie's National Development Plan 2010-2015, "Our Game, Our Passion", five new camogie clubs were to be established in the county by 2015.

Clare have the following achievements in camogie.

 * All-Ireland Championship
 * All-Ireland Junior Camogie Championship: 5
 * 1974, 1981, 1986, 2008, 2023
 * All-Ireland Intermediate Camogie Championship: 3
 * 1993, 1995, 1999

Clubs
Clubs contest the Clare Senior Football Championship. That competition's most successful club is Kilrush Shamrocks, with 21 titles.

County team
Clare has won two Munster Senior Football Championship (SFC) titles.

Clare won its first Munster SFC in 1917, defeating Cork on a scoreline of 5–4 to 0–1. This was after losing deciders in 1912 and 1915 to Kerry and in 1916 to Cork. Clare then faced Galway in the 1917 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) semi-final and won by a scoreline of 2–1 to 0–5. However, in the 1917 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Clare narrowly lost to Wexford by a scoreline of 0–9 to 0–5. A low point for the county team was the so-called "Milltown Massacre" in 1979. During a game played in Milltown Malbay, Clare lost to Kerry by a scoreline of 1–9 to 9–21, a difference of 35 points. Clare football's greatest day since 1917 arrived in 1992 when, under the stewardship of Mayo native John Maughan, the county won its second Munster SFC by defeating Kerry in the final at the Gaelic Grounds in Limerick by a scoreline of 2–10 to 0–12. This victory was aided in no small part by two second half goals from Colm Clancy and Martin Daly. This victory was also historic in that it is the only year from 1936 to 2020 (when Tipperary won) that neither Kerry nor Cork won the Munster SFC. Clare's luck would run out however and in the 1992 All-Ireland SFC semi-final, the team lost to Dublin by a scoreline of 3–14 to 2–12. Full back on the team of 1992 was Seamus Clancy, brother of full-forward Colm, and he was rewarded for his performances in the 1992 championship with a place on the All-Star team of that year.

Peil na mBan
Clare have the following achievements.

 * All-Ireland Championship
 * All-Ireland Junior Ladies' Football Championship: 2
 * 1991, 1996
 * '''All-Ireland Intermediate Ladies' Football Championship: 3
 * 1991, 1994, 2009
 * All-Ireland Under-18 Ladies' Football Championship: 2
 * 1989, 1990
 * All-Ireland Under-16 Ladies' Football Championship: 4
 * 1985, 1987, 1990, 1994

 * Provincial Championship
 * Munster Senior Ladies' Football Championship: 1
 * 2001
 * Munster Junior Ladies' Football Championship: 6
 * 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1996, 2006

 * National League
 * Ladies' Football National league: 1
 * 2001
 * Ladies' Football National League Div 2: 4
 * 1990, 1991, 2000, 2008
 * Ladies' Football National League Div 3: 1
 * 2008

title: Clare GAA


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The strangeness of things

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Linuxbeak | Talk 22:12, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

The strangeness of things
Looks like an obvious vanity/spam entry to me. electric counterpoint 19:13, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * This afd nomination was orphaned. Listing now.  Delete spam.  No Alexa rank at all for the site. —Cryptic (talk) 09:06, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Cryptic. --Dvyost 13:13, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:68.94.26.1

title: User talk:68.94.26.1


text:
Radcliffe-on-Trent

Radcliffe-on-Trent is a village and civil parish in the Rushcliffe borough of Nottinghamshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the Census 2011 was 8,205, falling slightly at the Census 2021 to 8,144

Location
Radcliffe has a population of about 8,000. It is to the east of Nottingham, close to but not part of the Greater Nottingham built-up area. However, the Greater Nottingham Partnership sees the whole of Rushcliffe as part of the conurbation. The village lies on the south bank and cliff overlooking the River Trent. The "Rad" part of its name is a corruption of the Old English for red, in reference to the dark red colour of the cliffs, which are formed of Triassic red shale with gypsum banding. Nearby places are Shelford, East Bridgford, Holme Pierrepont and Stoke Bardolph.

To the south-east of the parish lies the former Saxondale Hospital, which has been redeveloped into some 350 dwellings and renamed Upper Saxondale, which was formerly within Radcliffe, but has now become its own civil parish. Harlequin, a small mainly residential area, lies between it and Radcliffe, which is mainly on the northern side of the major, east-west, A52 trunk road. At its western end it the Radcliffe Road runs along the north-eastern edge of Trent Bridge cricket ground. Radcliffe has a railway station connecting it to Nottingham and beyond in the west and Grantham and beyond to the east. The village is served by the Trentbarton bus company, which runs daily services to Nottingham – once every 10 minutes on weekdays.

Places of worship
The village has an Anglican parish church, St. Mary's, and Roman Catholic and Methodist churches.

Recreation
The village has a number of community spaces, such as Cliff Walk (which runs beside the river to nearby Shelford village), Rockley Memorial Park, a recreation ground and skate park, and a complex of sports fields at the eastern end of the village. There is an amateur dramatics group which stages regular productions at the Grange Hall, as well as numerous other clubs and associations.

There are local branches of the Boys' Brigade and Scouts. The village has four public houses, its own football, golf and cricket clubs. There is also a Kickboxing club through KickboxUK (Professional Kickboxing Association – Radcliffe-on-Trent).

In 1999 the village was twinned with Bussy-St-Georges, a French town which lies east of Paris.

Radcliffe has an infant and nursery school, a junior school and a medium-sized secondary, South Nottinghamshire Academy, formerly known as Dayncourt School.

Famous residents
John Boot, the founder of the pharmacy chain Boots, was born in Radcliffe in 1815.

The 19th-century Nottinghamshire and England cricket captain George Parr was born and died in the village. He also played for the Radcliffe on Trent Cricket Club. Evidence of the Parr family's long association with Radcliffe appears in several street and building names.

Professional footballer Ian Woan (born 1967) lived near Radcliffe while playing for Nottingham Forest F.C., Woan is assistant manager of Burnley F.C.

Gary Mills, who played in the victorious 1980 European Cup Final, making him the youngest finalist in European Cup history, still lives in Radcliffe

The actor Tom Graham who played Tom Archer for 17 years (1997–2014) in the long running BBC Radio 4 programme The Archers was raised and went to school in Radcliffe.

title: Radcliffe-on-Trent


text:
Glycogen synthase

Glycogen synthase (UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase) is a key enzyme in glycogenesis, the conversion of glucose into glycogen. It is a glycosyltransferase that catalyses the reaction of UDP-glucose and (1,4- α - D -glucosyl)n to yield UDP and (1,4- α - D -glucosyl)n+1.

Structure
Much research has been done on glycogen degradation through studying the structure and function of glycogen phosphorylase, the key regulatory enzyme of glycogen degradation. On the other hand, much less is known about the structure of glycogen synthase, the key regulatory enzyme of glycogen synthesis. The crystal structure of glycogen synthase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, however, has been determined at 2.3 A resolution. In its asymmetric form, glycogen synthase is found as a dimer, whose monomers are composed of two Rossmann-fold domains. This structural property, among others, is shared with related enzymes, such as glycogen phosphorylase and other glycosyltransferases of the GT-B superfamily. Nonetheless, a more recent characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) glycogen synthase crystal structure reveals that the dimers may actually interact to form a tetramer. Specifically, The inter-subunit interactions are mediated by the α15/16 helix pairs, forming allosteric sites between subunits in one combination of dimers and active sites between subunits in the other combination of dimers. Since the structure of eukaryotic glycogen synthase is highly conserved among species, glycogen synthase likely forms a tetramer in humans as well.

Glycogen synthase can be classified in two general protein families. The first family (GT3), which is from mammals and yeast, is approximately 80 kDa, uses UDP-glucose as a sugar donor, and is regulated by phosphorylation and ligand binding. The second family (GT5), which is from bacteria and plants, is approximately 50 kDA, uses ADP-glucose as a sugar donor, and is unregulated.

Mechanism
Although the catalytic mechanisms used by glycogen synthase are not well known, structural similarities to glycogen phosphorylase at the catalytic and substrate binding site suggest that the mechanism for synthesis is similar in glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase.

Function
Glycogen synthase catalyzes the conversion of the glucosyl (Glc) moiety of uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-Glc) into glucose to be incorporated into glycogen via an α(1→4) glycosidic bond. However, since glycogen synthase requires an oligosaccharide primer as a glucose acceptor, it relies on glycogenin to initiate de novo glycogen synthesis.

In a recent study of transgenic mice, an overexpression of glycogen synthase and an overexpression of phosphatase both resulted in excess glycogen storage levels. This suggests that glycogen synthase plays an important biological role in regulating glycogen/glucose levels and is activated by dephosphorylation.

Isozymes
In humans, there are two paralogous isozymes of glycogen synthase:

The liver enzyme expression is restricted to the liver, whereas the muscle enzyme is widely expressed. Liver glycogen serves as a storage pool to maintain the blood glucose level during fasting, whereas muscle glycogen synthesis accounts for disposal of up to 90% of ingested glucose. The role of muscle glycogen is as a reserve to provide energy during bursts of activity.

Meanwhile, the muscle isozyme plays a major role in the cellular response to long-term adaptation to hypoxia. Notably, hypoxia only induces expression of the muscle isozyme and not the liver isozyme. However, muscle-specific glycogen synthase activation may lead to excessive accumulation of glycogen, leading to damage in the heart and central nervous system following ischemic insults.

Regulation
The reaction is highly regulated by allosteric effectors such as glucose 6-phosphate (activator) and by phosphorylation reactions (deactivating). Glucose-6-phosphate allosteric activating action allows glycogen synthase to operate as a glucose-6-phosphate sensor. The inactivating phosphorylation is triggered by the hormone glucagon, which is secreted by the pancreas in response to decreased blood glucose levels. The enzyme also cleaves the ester bond between the C1 position of glucose and the pyrophosphate of UDP itself.

The control of glycogen synthase is a key step in regulating glycogen metabolism and glucose storage. Glycogen synthase is directly regulated by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), AMPK, protein kinase A (PKA), and casein kinase 2 (CK2). Each of these protein kinases leads to phosphorylated and catalytically inactive glycogen synthase. The phosphorylation sites of glycogen synthase are summarized below.

For enzymes in the GT3 family, these regulatory kinases inactivate glycogen synthase by phosphorylating it at the N-terminal of the 25th residue and the C-terminal of the 120th residue. Glycogen synthase is also regulated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which activates glycogen synthase via dephosphorylation. PP1 is targeted to the glycogen pellet by four targeting subunits, GM, GL, PTG and R6. These regulatory enzymes are regulated by insulin and glucagon signaling pathways.

Clinical significance
Mutations in the GYS1 gene are associated with glycogen storage disease type 0. In humans, defects in the tight control of glucose uptake and utilization are also associated with diabetes and hyperglycemia. Patients with type 2 diabetes normally exhibit low glycogen storage levels because of impairments in insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and suppression of glycogenolysis. Insulin stimulates glycogen synthase by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinases or/and activating protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) among other mechanisms.

title: Glycogen synthase


text:
User:Neil Leslie

I used to be an academic computer scientist at Victoria University of Wellington in Wellington New Zealand. I was brought up in Kirkcaldy in Fife, Scotland, so according to The Proclaimers my parents should be in jail.

User:Neil Leslie/my sandbox

title: User:Neil Leslie


text: User talk:69.12.152.174

title: User talk:69.12.152.174


text:
Kingsbridge Heights, Bronx

Kingsbridge Heights is a residential neighborhood geographically located in the northwest Bronx, New York City. Its boundaries are Van Cortlandt Park to the north, Jerome Avenue to the east, Kingsbridge Road to the south, and the Major Deegan Expressway to the west. Sedgwick Avenue is the primary thoroughfare through Kingsbridge Heights.

The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community District 8, and its ZIP Codes include 10463 and 10468. The area is patrolled by the 50th and 52nd Precincts of the New York City Police Department. NYCHA property in the area is patrolled by P.S.A. 8 at 2794 Randall Avenue in the Throgs Neck section of the Bronx.

Demographics
Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Kingsbridge Heights was 32,496, a decrease of 790 (2.4%) from the 33,286 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 300.86 acres, the neighborhood had a population density of 108.0 PD/acre.

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 4.3% (1,389) White, 18.5% (6,004) African American, 0.1% (46) Native American, 4.7% (1,514) Asian, 0.0% (2) Pacific Islander, 0.4% (124) from other races, and 1.0% (322) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 71.1% (23,095) of the population.

The neighborhood has a high concentration of Dominicans especially in the southern and central sections of the neighborhood. In these two areas over 30% of the population lives below the poverty line. A small aging White non-Hispanic population is concentrated near Van Cortlandt Park or Van Cortlandt Village. In more recent years young professionals, mostly White non-Hispanic, have started to move into Van Cortlandt Village. The vast majority of households are renter occupied.

Due to White flight some of the homes in the southern and central parts of the area have been left vacant. Many homes today are being rehabilitated and offered as rentals to the booming Dominican population found in the area.

Land use and terrain
Kingsbridge Heights is dominated by multi-unit detached homes. There is also a significant presence of tenement buildings concentrated mostly in the central and southern sections of the neighborhood.

In the 21st century due to intense gentrification, the northern subsection known as Van Cortlandt Village has seen an increase in higher-end rental and co-op building construction. This subsection is bordered by the Major Deegan Expressway to the west, the Jerome Park Reservoir to the east, W 238th Street to the south, and Van Cortlandt Park to the north. In 2007, MSNBC called Van Cortlandt Village one of "America's next hot neighborhoods".

The Fort Independence Street-Heath Avenue Houses are a one, 21-story NYCHA development in Kingsbridge Heights.

Landmarks
The Jerome Park Reservoir is the most dominant landmark in the area. It was originally part of the Bathgate Estate that was later purchased by Leonard Jerome and Associates, to build The Jerome Park Racetrack. The Jerome Park Reservoir replaced the racetrack and was built in 1906 to serve the Croton Aqueduct as part of the New York City water supply system. The perimeter of this reservoir is approximately 2.2 miles.

Kingsbridge Armory is on Kingsbridge Road.

In 1866, Jerome bought the estate and mansion of James Bathgate near Old Fordham Village in what was then rural Westchester County, but is now The Bronx. Jerome and financier August Belmont, Sr. built Jerome Park Racetrack on the Bathgate land; the first Belmont Stakes was held there in 1867. Jerome and his brother Lawrence had a wide boulevard made from Macombs Dam to the track, which city authorities attempted to name "Murphy Avenue" after a local politician. This incensed Jerome's wife so much that she had bronze plaques saying "Jerome Avenue" made up and bolted into place along the road, forcing the city to accept the name. The racetrack was acquired and demolished by the city in 1894, to make way for Jerome Park Reservoir. The Bathgate mansion served as a summer home for the Jerome family. In the early 1900s, the mansion was razed and replaced by the Kingsbridge Armory.

2744 Kingsbridge Terrace, called the Castle of Kingsbridge, was built in 1914 by Samuel B. Reed.

Police and crime
Kingsbridge Heights is patrolled by the 50th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 3450 Kingsbridge Avenue. The 50th Precinct ranked 13th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.

The 50th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 69.9% between 1990 and 2022. The precinct reported three murders, 22 rapes, 185 robberies, 213 felony assaults, 126 burglaries, 695 grand larcenies, and 288 grand larcenies auto in 2022.

Fire safety
Kingsbridge Heights contains a New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire station, Engine Co. 81/Ladder Co. 46, at 3025 Bailey Avenue.

Schools

Public schools are operated by the New York City Department of Education. Kingsbridge Heights contains the following public elementary schools which serve grades PK-5 unless otherwise indicated:
 * PS 86 Kingsbridge Heights (grades PK-6)
 * PS 307 Eames Place (grades K-5)
 * PS 310 Marble Hill
 * PS 340
 * PS 360

The following middle school serves grades 6-8:
 * New School for Leadership and Journalism

The following high schools serve grades 9-12:
 * Celia Cruz Bronx High School of Music
 * Discovery High School
 * High School for Teaching and the Professions
 * Kingsbridge International High School
 * Marie Curie High School for Nursing, Medicine, and Health

Library
The New York Public Library (NYPL) operates the Jerome Park branch at 118 Eames Place. The branch first opened in 1957, but moved to its current one-story structure in 1969 and was renovated in 2007.

Transportation
The following MTA Regional Bus Operations bus routes serve Kingsbridge Heights:
 * to Riverdale or Third Avenue–138th Street station (via Grand Concourse)
 * to Third Avenue–138th Street station (via Grand Concourse)
 * to 238th Street station or George Washington Bridge Bus Station (via University Avenue)
 * to Riverdale or West Farms Square–East Tremont Avenue station (, via East Kingsbridge Road)
 * to Riverdale or Norwood–205th Street station (via Kappock Street)
 * to Castle Hill (via Castle Hill Avenue)
 * to Third Avenue–138th Street station (via Morris and Jerome Avenues)
 * express to Yonkers or Midtown Manhattan

The following New York City Subway station serves Kingsbridge Heights:
 * Kingsbridge Road station

title: Kingsbridge Heights, Bronx


text:
Stanley Wells

Sir Stanley William Wells, (born 21 May 1930) is an English Shakespearean scholar, writer, professor and editor who has been honorary president of the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, professor emeritus at Birmingham University, and author of many books about Shakespeare, including Shakespeare Sex and Love, and is general editor of the Oxford Shakespeare and New Penguin Shakespeare series. He lives in Stratford-upon-Avon and was educated in English at University College London (UCL).

Biography
Wells was born in Hull, the son of Stanley Cecil Wells MBE and Doris Wells. His father was a bus company traffic manager. Wells was educated at the Kingston High School grammar school in Hull. Wells took a degree in English at University College, London. He was invalided out of national service for the RAF in 1951. He became a Hampshire school teacher before moving to Stratford to complete his PhD. He was awarded his PhD in English by Birmingham University in 1961.

He was Professor of Shakespeare Studies and director of the Shakespeare Institute (University of Birmingham) 1988–1997, and is now emeritus professor of Shakespeare Studies.

Wells is co-editor (with Gary Taylor, John Jowett and William Montgomery) of the Oxford Complete Works and (with Michael Dobson) the Oxford Companion to Shakespeare, and has been general editor of the Oxford Shakespeare series since 1978. He edited several volumes for the New Penguin Shakespeare series.

In 2009, Wells revealed the existence of the Cobbe portrait. He stated his belief, based on three years of research, that the portrait is a true portrait of Shakespeare, painted from life.

On 20 October 2009, Wells appeared on BBC 4's comedy panel show It's Only a Theory – defending the prevailing opinion within contemporary Shakespeare studies that "The plays of William Shakespeare were written by William Shakespeare of Stratford-Upon-Avon" and debunking the theory that Shakespeare's plays were written by some of his contemporaries.

In June 2010, Wells was awarded the Sam Wanamaker Award by Shakespeare's Globe, an award given annually in the name of the Globe's founder Sam Wanamaker to celebrate work which has increased the understanding and enjoyment of Shakespeare.

In 2013, together with Rev. Dr. Paul Edmondson, he called upon the Dean and Chapter of Westminster Abbey to remove the question mark which appears in place of a date of death in the memorial window to Christopher Marlowe in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.

Personal life
Wells remains married to novelist Susan Hill, though separated in 2011, and the couple was once considered part of the "Gloucestershire mafia" set of well-connected writers and socialites. He is the father of author Jessica Ruston and of Clemency Wells. Imogen, Hill and Wells' second-born child, died in infancy.

Honours
Wells was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2007 Birthday Honours for services to literature. He was knighted in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to scholarship.

Wells was awarded an honorary DLitt by the University of Warwick in 2008.

In 2016, he was awarded the President's Medal by the British Academy "for his lifetime service to the study, knowledge and enjoyment of William Shakespeare".

Scholastic

 * Honorary degrees

Major publications

 * Re-Editing Shakespeare for the Modern Reader (1984)
 * The Oxford Dictionary of Shakespeare (1998)
 * Shakespeare in the Theatre: An Anthology of Criticism (2000)
 * Shakespeare: The Poet and his Plays (2001)
 * The Oxford Shakespeare: King Lear (2001)
 * Shakespeare For All Time (2002)
 * The Oxford Shakespeare: The Complete Works (with Gary Taylor, 1986, 2005)
 * Shakespeare & Co. (2006)
 * Shakespeare, Sex, and Love (2010)
 * Shakespeare Beyond Doubt (editor with Paul Edmondson, 2013)
 * Great Shakespearean Actors (2015)
 * The Shakespeare Circle (editor, 2016)
 * All the Sonnets of Shakespeare (with Paul Edmondson, 2020)

title: Stanley Wells


text: Template:King's College DNA

title: Template:King's College DNA


text:
Talk:Bus error

Terminology
Folks, what constitutes a Bus Error and what is a Segmentation Fault is system-dependent. Linux tends to use Segmentation Fault for things that on other systems might trigger a Bus Error. The article should clarify this.

Secondly, the article gives the impression as if unaligned access typically raises a Bus Error to userland. This is not always true. Some architectures (like the 80386) don't raise an exception at all and handle it transparently, and on other systems it might be configurable. For example, on DEC Unix (Tru64) running on an Alpha, the kernel caught the exception and handled it itself. Typically only a message was printed but I think this could be switched off aswell. Unaligned access causing an error is otherwise typical of RISC processors, while classical CISC architectures transparently did the extra fetch (VAX, 80386).

 * FWIW, the originaly MC68000 (often cited as a classical CISC implementation) used to choke on unaligned accesses also. Newer members of that family didn't, but it's worth pointing out that this isn't so much a RISC versus CISC issue. 87.194.160.244 (talk) 09:12, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

Example
Ummm... methinks that your C compiler will make things magically work. As the article mentions: alignment is only required on the *machine level*. However, if your compiler is sane, it seems obvious to me that it will simulate the desired functionality.

iptr = (int *) &cptr[1];

 * It may seem obvious to you that it will do that, but you are wrong. The C standard says (6.5.3) "If an invalid value has been assigned to the pointer, the behaviour of the unary * operator is undefined", followed by (in a footnote) "Among the invalid values for dereferencing a pointer by the unary * operator are a null pointer, an address inappropriately aligned for the type of object pointed to, and the address of an object after the end of its lifetime".
 * You cannot, therefore, expect the C compiler to work around the fact that you are using an inappropriately aligned pointer for you. Indeed, on the systems I have used that raised processor exceptions on unaligned pointer access, that is exactly what will happen if you do such a thing from C. 87.194.160.244 (talk) 09:07, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

C vs. Java
The article says: This kind of problem is more likely to occur when the software is written in the C language than in Java. That's of course true, but it doesn't make any sense to say it like that, because it doesn't offer any explanation why Java is so much better than C. Also it's stupid to say only Java instead of, for example, "languages that don't directly access memory locations, like Java". Opinions? Jsalomaa 19:52, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

C vs. Java
I think the same. This sentence have to be removed.

Huhhh?
What does this line mean? Is it even necessary?

typ0?
Article says: /* this will cause a bus error - accessing more than bytes from an unaligned address */

Should it be: /* this will cause a bus error - accessing more than one byte from an unaligned address */

Faulty Example
The example C code compiles and runs properly on my FreeBSD4-STABLE (gcc-2.95.4) machine without encountering a Bus Error. Should just remove it until someone can provide example code that consistently reproduces the problem; or at least explain why this example code magically works in some cases.

 * It works because sizeof(char)==sizeof(int) on your machine I think

 * On my system (AMD Athlon XP + Fedora 7) I also don't get a "Bus Error". It might be because of the x86 CPU architecture, as hinted to my by the following comment in OpenSSL's fips/sha1/fips_md32_common.h: "This gives ~30-40% performance improvement in SHA-256 compiled with gcc [on P4]. Well, first macro to be frank. We can pull this trick on x86* platforms only, because these CPUs can fetch unaligned data without raising an exception." I do get a "Bus error" on HP-UX. Someone knowledgeable on the subject should definitely update the article!
 * I saw your comment, so updated the example to work on x86, as I assume most people who want to try it will run in to the same problems you did. I also included some debugger output to help explain whats happening in the generated code. -- taviso (talk) 04:01, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

orl $0x40000,(%esp)
What does this instruction do? To me, it looks like it just sets one bit to 1 in esp/rsp (the 3+8+8=19th bit, counted from LSB?). Why would that change alignment checking??? Also, the code does not work on a linux running x86_64 80.87.63.33 (talk) 16:00, 19 November 2019 (UTC)

I just tested it here with a 32 bits Gentoo Linux on an Intel Core Duo. The exact code does a bus error indeed. But strangely, when I remove the "alignment checking" (pushf ; orl $0x40000,(%esp) ; popf), it runs without error, and contains the correct value in the (unaligned) target (sizeof(int)==4). So what is the purpose of actually testing alignment if it works when unchecked? Performances? Plain luck? Fafner (talk) 15:29, 21 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Performance. Unaligned accesses are silently fixed up on intel, but you suffer a performance penalty. Many other architectures will not silently fix them up, and trap. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.218.71.145 (talk) 13:33, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

Shorter example
int main { int a; int *ptr;

ptr = malloc(7); a = (int)ptr; a+=1; ptr = (int*)a;

// crash a = *ptr; }

Another Short Example
Has nothing to do with alignment.

int main(void) {      char s[10] = "123", *s1 = "456";
 * 1) include

*(s + 1) = '\0'; printf("s='%s'\n", s);  /* s='1'  */ *(s1 + 1) = '\0';       /* crash! */      printf("s1='%s1'\n", s1);

return 0; }

The array s[10] is data, and the "123" is stored on the stack.

The value of the pointer s1 is data (and is on the stack), and the "456" can be stored anywhere.

Bus error from paging
You also used to get SIGBUS on x86 if Linux tried to page in code from your executable and failed (any combination of network FS down or credential timeout and long-running tasks was popular). I bet it's still that way. --92.78.17.178 (talk) 16:53, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks for mentioning this!
 * This has been added in the past few years, and is currently located at Bus error.
 * —Nils von Barth (nbarth) (talk) 01:54, 26 January 2014 (UTC)

Merge/unmerge to Segmentation fault
This was merged to Segmentation fault in 2010, and I’ve just unmerged it (resplit), per discussion at Talk:Segmentation fault. In brief, bus errors and segmentation faults are related but clearly distinct topics – both are memory reference errors, but they are different faults, and have different causes – and both have multiple causes. Putting them in one article results in a complex and confusing mixture of causes, as there are no natural synergies.

That said, the articles should (briefly) explain the connection and distinction from the other fault. I’ll add this shortly.
 * —Nils von Barth (nbarth) (talk) 02:04, 26 January 2014 (UTC)

Non-existent address?
Firstly, address cannot be non-existent, it can be invalid (if the memory at that address is non-existent). So the better wording would be "Invalid physical address".

However, what kind of an exception do you assume the CPU will raise when accessing the invalid physical address? To my knowledge there is none: write to non-existent memory does nothing, and read from it will return 0xff (of course if you have not enabled caching for this memory region).

IMHO "Non-existent address" section should be removed. Or, if you know the architecture that does what is described - clarified.

Note that SIGBUS due to alignment is optional and should be enabled with prctl(PR_SET_UNALIGN, PR_UNALIGN_SIGBUS) or the kernel will just decode and simulate the faulted instruction without notifying an application. Plus this doesn't happen on x86 (unless you set the AC flag as your example does), so really the reason for SIGBUS is mostly a paging errors. I wonder why it is started with "FreeBSD, Linux and Solaris" as if other unixes do something else with that most common use of SIGBUS? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.103.66.202 (talk) 11:45, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

Make Example Work?
I tried to make the example work, but activating alignment checking itself triggers an error. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.83.38.187 (talk) 12:12, 1 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bus error


text:
User talk:Riptya

--Cel e stianpower hablamé 19:18, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Riptya


text:
File:Apples and pears Davenport.jpg

Summary
Book cover for "Apples and pears" by Guy Davenport. Illustration also by the author.

Licensing
Fair use rationale: This book cover complements a passage in the Guy Davenport Wikipedia article that discusses Davenport's attempt in his early fictions to create texts in which words and images are equally important to the effect he wishes to achieve.

The cover quotes art that Davenport provided as part of the texts that appear APPLES AND PEARS. While the cover does indeed show clearly the nature and quality of Davenport's crow quill and ink drawings, it also demonstrates the sort of use to which the book designer put them, to Davenport's considerable consternation (described by Davenport in his Introduction to 50 DRAWINGS, now quoted in the article).

Source of image: Shown is the dust cover of the first and only edition of this book, published in 1984 by North Point Press. The cross hatch drawings are by the author, Guy Davenport; the design is by David Bullen. North Point is no longer in business. SocJan 09:32, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

title: File:Apples and pears Davenport.jpg


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Talk:Nares Strait

Nares Strait is part of ... Baffin Bay!
Hello again, Twthmoses; I hope you’re well! Thanks for pointing out my error ... doh! I’ve corrected the article; according to an authoritative map by the International Hydrological Union (IHO) Nares Strait forms the northern part of Baffin Bay. (I’m surprised I fuddled this; geography was always a strong suit.) Thoughts? Thanks! E Pluribus Anthony 19:18, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Nares Strait is a new name. It used to be part of Baffin Bay – in fact it was Baffin Bay, cause Baffin Bay extended all the way to the Lincoln Sea. It does not any more.
 * In 1964 the name "Nares Strait" (Nares Strædet) was decided by the Danish (Stednavneudvalget now Stednavnenævnet) and Canadian government and the info you removed about the naming is actually correct. It is a retro naming to honor G. S. Nares.
 * That is why the link to the map you have does not list Nares Strait, because at that time (1953) it was Baffin Bay (usually went under the name Northern Baffin Bay).
 * Baffin Bay ends at a line drawn between Kap Alexander (Greenland) and Cape Isabella (Ellesmere Island). Here begins Smith Sound, and thereby Nares Strait. Twthmoses 23:39, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi again; thanks for the information/history! I was trying to be more descriptive regarding the Nares Strait; I don't think I removed anything initially regarding the name, did I?  If I erred, my apologies.  In any event, shouldn't you actually include some of the above in the article, yes?  :)  Thanks again!  E Pluribus Anthony 00:11, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Assessment
I have assessed this as a Stub, as it only provides the basic information on the topic, and of low importance, as it is a highly specific topic within Canada. Cheers, CP 05:03, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nares Strait


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Space Academy

Space Academy is an American science fiction television series produced by Filmation that originally aired Saturday mornings on the CBS television network, from September 10 to December 17, 1977. (Repeats ran on and off until September 1, 1979.) A total of 15 half-hour episodes were made.

Cast
The program starred veteran actor Jonathan Harris, best known as Dr. Zachary Smith of Lost in Space; co-starring were Pamelyn Wanda Ferdin, Ric Carrott, Maggie Cooper, Brian Tochi, Ty Henderson, and Eric Greene. The program featured a pint-sized robot called "Peepo", a radio-controlled machine voiced by Erika Scheimer talking through a pitch-shifter with regenerative delay.

Ferdin and Tochi had been among the child actors who played a group of children orphaned by an evil being masquerading as an angel in the 1968 Star Trek episode And the Children Shall Lead.

Guest stars included Lawrence "Larry" Dobkin; Dena Dietrich ("Mother Nature" in the Chiffon margarine TV commercials of the 1960s and 70s); George DiCenzo; Dallas McKennon; and Howard Morris.

Concepts and characters
Established in the "star year" 3732, the Space Academy, located on an asteroid, brought together the best of young minds, including several with special skills and abilities, to explore the mysteries of space.

As with much of children's television in the 1970s, lessons and morals were taught in each episode. These included wide-ranging concepts, such as that the superpowers possessed by some academy students were not a cure-all for problems, and that even the old and wise could make mistakes. As the students encountered members of extraterrestrial races, even mutated descendants of Earth colonists in space, they came to further develop their wisdom and understanding of diversity throughout the universe.
 * Commander Isaac Gampu (Jonathan Harris) was the head of the academy. His many years of space exploration exposed him to conditions that immensely slowed his aging process; though appearing to be in his sixties or seventies, his true age was well over 300 years old, giving him a unique perspective on history and some ideal qualifications as a teacher. He oversaw the activities of three student exploratory teams, the Red, Blue and Gold Teams (although the main characters were all members of the Blue Team).
 * Chris Gentry (Ric Carrott) and Laura Gentry (Pamelyn Ferdin) were the captain and co-captain, respectively, of the academy's Blue Team. The siblings (Chris was the elder) had highly developed telekinetic and other psychic powers. Laura was attracted to Matt Prentiss (John Berwick, later "Rex Ruthless" on Hero High), the occasionally-seen leader of the Red Team.
 * Adrian Pryce-Jones (the late Maggie Cooper) was number three in the Blue Team's chain of command and Chris's love interest.
 * Paul Jerome (the late Ty Henderson), a highly intelligent transferee from the Red Team, was raised on an Earth colony. He was number four in the Blue Team's chain of command (although Paul is introduced as an established academy member in the first episode, he is reintroduced in the second episode as if he were a new character; conversely Loki, introduced in the first episode as a new admission, is reintroduced in the second episode as a long-established member. This continuity error was acknowledged in the information booklet accompanying the series' DVD release).
 * Tee Gar Soom (Brian Tochi), number five in Blue Team's chain of command, had superhuman physical strength and continued the martial arts traditions of his Asian ancestors. He augmented these abilities with newer disciplines, some of which originated on other planets. His major was medicine, and he was often called on to treat other students who were sick.
 * Loki (Eric Greene) was a young orphan discovered in the first episode on the dying world of Zalon. A playful prankster, Loki could teleport and could see well beyond the visible spectrum normally accessible by Earth humans. His frequent catchphrase was "Camelopardus!"

The spaceships commonly seen in the series were called "Seekers" and were used much like a spacebound van or bus. The Seeker's nose was a re-used prop from the earlier Filmation series Ark II.

One term of jargon unique to the program was "ORACO" ("Orders Received And Carried Out"), used when orders were acknowledged by academy personnel.

Home media
BCI Eclipse LLC (under its Ink & Paint classic animation entertainment brand) (under license from Entertainment Rights), released Space Academy: The Complete Series as a 4-disc Region 1 DVD box set on January 16, 2007. The collection presented episodes uncut, remastered and in order of their original airdates, and included special features about the making of the show.

Savor Ediciones, S.A. released Space Academy: La Serie Completa as a 3-disc Region 2 DVD box set on October 28, 2009. Unlike the BCI set, this release only contains the episodes, no bonus features. Being a Region 2 release for Spain, the soundtrack is the dubbed Spanish version. Unfortunately, the original English soundtrack was not included, even as a secondary option. The discs are encoded in the PAL video format, which is the same format as the currently-existing masters, so there is a small amount of additional picture area not present on the NTSC conversions released by BCI Eclipse.

Spin-off
In 1978, a spin-off of Space Academy, Jason of Star Command, debuted. Initially a serialized segment of Tarzan and the Super 7, it starred Craig Littler and James Doohan, with Sid Haig as the villain. Star Command was described as a special section of the Space Academy; the show used the same sets, costumes and special effects as the parent program.

Merchandise
In 1977, Aviva Toy Company manufactured and F.W. Woolworth distributed a set of four eight-and-a-half inch action figures based on Space Academy characters. The dolls in this set included Issac [sic] Gampu (described as "Instructor in 'Space Academy'"), Tee Gar Soom ("Almost Super Human Strength"), Chris Gentry ("Member of Space Academy") and Loki ("Everybody's Mascot").

Also available for the figures were special "adventure outfits", sold separately.

title: Space Academy


text: User talk:129.24.95.217

title: User talk:129.24.95.217


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Kresta II-class cruiser

The Kresta II class, Soviet designation Project 1134A Berkut A (golden eagle), was a class of guided missile cruiser (large anti-submarine warfare ship in Soviet classification) built by the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy. The NATO lists the class as "cruisers" mainly due to the Metel (SS-N-14 Silex) anti-ship missile system capable to strike not only submarines but also surface vessels.

Design
The Kresta II class was an anti-submarine derivative of the Kresta I-class cruiser, and were armed with a new anti-submarine missile (SS-N-14), new surface-to-air missiles (SA-N-3) and advanced sonar. Conway's states that the first three ships were to have been armed with the SS-N-9 anti-ship missile but Soviet naval doctrine changed with greater emphasis on anti-submarine warfare. The surface-to-air missiles comprised more advanced SA-N-3 missiles with two twin launchers. New 3D search radar and new fire control radars were also fitted. 4 30mm CIWS guns were also fitted for improved anti-missile defence. A more advanced sonar led to the bow being more sharply raked. The machinery suite comprised two TV-12 steam turbines with high-pressure boilers, identical to the Kresta I class.

General characteristics
The Kresta II-class cruisers were 158.5 m long with a beam of 16.9 m and a draught of 6 m. They displaced 6000 tons standard and 7800 full load. They had a complement of 380-400 and were equipped with a hangar aft to stow away a Kamov Ka-25 Hormone-A helicopter.

Kresta II-class vessels were propelled by two TV-12 steam geared turbines powered by four high pressure boilers which created 75000 kW. This gave the cruisers a maximum speed of 34 kn. They had a range of 10500 nmi at 14 kn and 5200 nmi at 18 kn.

Armament
For their primary role as anti-submarine cruisers, the Kresta II class mounted two quadruple launchers for eight SS-N-14 anti-submarine missiles. They were also equipped with two RBU 6000 12-barrel and two RBU 1000 6-barrel rocket launchers. The Ka-25 helicopter embarked on the cruiser was also capable of aiding in the search and destruction of submarines.

Against aerial threats the cruisers were armed with four 57mm L/80 DP guns situated in two twin mountings. They also had four 30mm AK-630 CIWS mountings. They were armed with two twin launchers for the 48 SA-N-3 surface-to-air missiles they carried.

The ships also mounted two quintuple mountings for 533 mm dual-role torpedoes.

Sensors
The Kresta II class were equipped with MR600 air search radar MR-310 Angara Don navigational and Volga navigational radars. For anti-submarine warfare they had MG-322 hull mounted sonar. For fire control purposes they had Grom SA-N-1 fire control, MR103 AK725 fire control and Drakon RP33 fire control. They also had a MG-26 communications outfit and a MG-35 Shtil.

The first four ships of the class to be completed were not equipped with the MR-123 Vympel fire control radar for the AK-630, and relied on manual targeting instead.

Ships
All the ships were built by the Zhdanov Shipyard in Leningrad.

title: Kresta II-class cruiser


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Exploded-view drawing

An exploded-view drawing is a diagram, picture, schematic or technical drawing of an object, that shows the relationship or order of assembly of various parts.

It shows the components of an object slightly separated by distance, or suspended in surrounding space in the case of a three-dimensional exploded diagram. An object is represented as if there had been a small controlled explosion emanating from the middle of the object, causing the object's parts to be separated an equal distance away from their original locations.

The exploded-view drawing is used in parts catalogs, assembly and maintenance manuals and other instructional material.

The projection of an exploded view is usually shown from above and slightly in diagonal from the left or right side of the drawing. (See exploded-view drawing of a gear pump to the right: it is slightly from above and shown from the left side of the drawing in diagonal.)

Overview
An exploded-view drawing is a type of drawing, that shows the intended assembly of mechanical or other parts. It shows all parts of the assembly and how they fit together. In mechanical systems usually the component closest to the center are assembled first, or is the main part in which the other parts get assembled. This drawing can also help to represent the disassembly of parts, where the parts on the outside normally get removed first.

Exploded diagrams are common in descriptive manuals showing parts placement, or parts contained in an assembly or sub-assembly. Usually such diagrams have the part identification number and a label indicating which part fills the particular position in the diagram. Many spreadsheet applications can automatically create exploded diagrams, such as exploded pie charts.

In patent drawings in an exploded views the separated parts should be embraced by a bracket, to show the relationship or order of assembly of various parts are permissible, see image. When an exploded view is shown in a figure that is on the same sheet as another figure, the exploded view should be placed in brackets.

Exploded views can also be used in architectural drawing, for example in the presentation of landscape design. An exploded view can create an image in which the elements are flying through the air above the architectural plan, almost like a cubist painting. The locations can be shadowed or dotted in the siteplan of the elements.

History

The exploded view was among the many graphic inventions of the Renaissance, which were developed to clarify pictorial representation in a renewed naturalistic way. The exploded view can be traced back to the early fifteenth century notebooks of Marino Taccola (1382–1453), and were perfected by Francesco di Giorgio (1439–1502) and Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519).

One of the first clearer examples of an exploded view was created by Leonardo in his design drawing of a reciprocating motion machine. Leonardo applied this method of presentation in several other studies, including those on human anatomy.

The term "Exploded-View Drawing" emerged in the 1940s, and is one of the first times defined in 1965 as "Three-dimensional (isometric) illustration that shows the mating relationships of parts, subassemblies, and higher assemblies. May also show the sequence of assembling or disassembling the detail parts."

title: Exploded-view drawing


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Chris Thomas

Chris Thomas may refer to:

 * Chris Thomas (American football) (born 1971), former wide receiver in the NFL
 * Chris Thomas (basketball player) (born 1982), former men's basketball player for the University of Notre Dame
 * Chris Thomas (basketball coach) (born 1980), American basketball coach
 * Chris Thomas (cricketer) (born 1959), English cricketer
 * Chris Thomas (record producer) (born 1947), music producer
 * Chris Thomas King (born 1962), American blues musician who debuted as Chris Thomas
 * Christopher Thomas (1818–1879), American politician and lawyer
 * Chris D. Thomas (born 1959), professor of biology
 * Chris Thomas Devlin, American screenwriter
 * Christopher Thomas (murderer) (born 1949), American mass murderer who killed 10 people in the Palm Sunday massacre

title: Chris Thomas


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Parham Aarabi

Parham Aarabi (, born August 25, 1976) is a professor and entrepreneur from Toronto, Canada.

Career
Aarabi is a professor at University of Toronto and Canada Research Chair in Internet Video, Audio, and Image Search. He has a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University. He is the inventor of numerous patents and author of over 80 publications most of which focus on audio, image and video processing. His recent work has focused on new image processing techniques that detect faces and facial features, as well as new video search technologies for online video-sharing websites. He is the founder and CEO of ModiFace, a leading provider of Augmented Reality technology which was acquired in 2018 by L'Oreal. Aarabi has won several teaching and lecturing awards, including an international award from the IEEE. In 2005, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR35 as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35. He also received the 2007 Premier's Catalyst Award for Innovation (a $200,000 Ontario Government prize for young innovators). His work has appeared in the New York Times, the Discovery Channel, and Scientific American.

title: Parham Aarabi


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Abertillery RFC

Abertillery Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union club based in Abertillery. According to their website, they were founded in 1883 by a coal miner named Doug Wallace who was a local resident who moved from Scotland in 1882, Wallace was known for his commitment for the club until he died in 1899 and will be remembered as a special part of the club even to do this day. Every year the club celebrates Wallace's life by competing in a cross country race with 100s of the locals competing in the last 10 years Mr Phelps has won the race 10 times and is now the all-time leading winner in the competition, in one year he run the race twice before anyone had cross the line for the first time.

1883–1914
According to the club's official centenary book, Abertillery Rugby Football Club, Abertillery were founded on 21 September 1883 in a local public house, The Prince of Wales. Like many towns and villages in Wales in the late 1880s, Abertillery was home to multiple rugby teams; these included Abertillery Town, Abertillery Harlequins, Abertillery Wednesdays, Heart of Oak and Abertillery Rovers. Abertillery FC and another local team from Abertillery amalgamated around September 1887 into a single club called "Abertillery Football Club". These clubs had periods of growth and decline until two main teams emerged, Abertillery Town and Harlequins; these two sides merged into a single club known as Abertillery RFC in 1901. The early clubs did not originally own a match pitch of their own, so relied on sympathetic landowners to let them play on vacant fields. These included the Gas Works Field and Old Barn Field. The club also did not possess a club-house, so from 1890 they used Wilkinson's Temperance Hotel.

During the first decade of the clubs' existence, matches were difficult to arrange and games often resulted in on-pitch arguments regarding the interpretation of rules. Abertillery would often arrange for a joint team to face more established clubs, and in 1888 an Abertillery team travelled to Cardiff to face Cardiff Harlequins at Sophia Gardens; the game quickly broke down into a 'violent war' before a lengthy discussion the game was eventually resumed. By 1892, Abertillery Town were facing other local clubs including Aberbeeg, Tredegar and Brynmawr. 1895 saw Abertillery enter the newly formed Monmouthshire League, and in January 1898 Abertillery were top of the league, but fell away in the second half of the season to finish fifth. The same year saw the purchase of the Old Barn Field by the local council, and it was renamed the Park and Recreation Ground. Although not available immediately to the local clubs it would slowly become home to the local teams. The 1890s ended with Abertillery Town, proposing in their annual meeting, that they and the Abertillery Harlequins, whose team numbers had reached 40 during the 1897–98 season should merge as a single team. The offer was declined, but a further suggestion was made to form an athletic club for the mutual benefit of all the town's sporting organisations.

The most notable members of the early 1890s team were the Boots family, consisting of D.J. Boots, G.W. Boots and E. Boots. David John Boots not only played for Abertillery, but later switched to first class team Newport. D.J. Boots represented Newport from 1899 through to 1907, and was the fullback for the team when they faced the touring South Africans in 1906.

1901 saw the eventual merging of the Abertillery Town and Harlequin teams, whose union formed Abertillery Rugby Football Club. This was followed during the 1901/1902 season with the formation of the Abertillery Athletic Club, which saw the football and cricket clubs combine. The Abertillery rugby team continued to grow, but would often slip back towards the more lawless style of their early years. In August 1903 the club fell out with the Monmouthshire Football League, refusing to comply with an order to replay a match with Blaina, which was followed in September with a game against Pill Harriers that descended into a brawl.

The early 1900s saw the emergence of two of Abertillery's first two star players, Joe Winmill and Alfred "Jim" Webb. Winmill was club captain for six seasons between 1902 and 1909, and was chosen to represent Monmouthshire at county level. Winmill's younger brother was Stanley Winmill, who played for Cross Keys and was selected to play for Wales in 1921. Webb became the first player to play international rugby directly from Abertillery. He played in three Welsh Championship winning teams and was selected to play for the British Isles team on their tour of South Africa in 1910.

1907 was a key year for Abertillery; Jim Webb earned his first cap for Wales, against Scotland in the 1907 Home Nations Championship and as the senior team topped the Monmouthshire League, they earned the right to face Australia on their 1908 tour of Britain. The one downside to the season was the draw of professional rugby league on the club, losing one of their best players, wing E.J. Watkins to Warrington RLFC for the sum of £180.

The 1908–09 season began with the arranging of an impressive fixture list, which as well as the Monmouthshire League teams, include matches to be played against Swansea, Llanelli and Neath. The highlight of the season was the game against the touring Australians which took place on 22 December 1908. This was the first time Abertillery faced international opposition, and the town came to a standstill to welcome the tourists. The collieries finished work early, shops closed and the schools had a half-day holiday. Hundreds of people waited outside the train station and greeted the Australian team with cheers and song. This was the twenty-seventh match for the Australians, and so far the team had only lost three games, against Llanelli, a Combined Midlands team and the Wales national team. Abertillery, led by Winmill held them to a 3–3 draw and became the first team to prevent Australia from scoring a try. Australia took the lead in the game with a penalty, before Billy Bowen equalised for Abertillery. Fred Wood, the Australian vice-captain, said later, that the Abertillery pack were the finest the team had met on the tour.

The 1909/10 season saw Abertillery win the Monmouthshire League for the third time, losing just a single game during the campaign. The Club decided that the Monmouthsire League was now to small for Abertillery, and decided to leave the competition to challenge larger teams. The season ended with Jim Webb being called to join the British Isles team in South Africa as a replacement. Over the next few seasons, Abertillery continued improving their fixture lists, and on 21 October 1911, beat Llanelli for the very first time. This result, along with a similar upset caused by Pontypool beating Swansea, was described in the Western Mail as 'History in the making...'

By the end of the 1914, Abertillery had produced three internationals, with Jake Blackmore (1909) and Jack "Bedwellty" Jones (1914) joining Jim Webb. The team had also settled on their team strip with the green and white colours being worn at every game. With the outbreak of World War I, all organised rugby matches came to a halt, and about 2000 men from the town signed up to join the British Army.

Present day
In 2002 Abertillery RFC, followed Brynmawr RFC and withdrew from the Principality Cup, after the Welsh Rugby Union made an error during the live draw for the fifth round. Within the week, the club made an about turn and asked to be re-entered.

Achievements
Abertillery have been Welsh Champions twice. They have provided players for Wales and the British Lions, including Haydn Morgan, Allan Lewis, Robert Norster, Byron Hayward, Rupert Moon and the late Alun Pask. They have more recently provided Ospreys players, notably Shaun Connor.

Club honours

 * Welsh Championship Champions – 1930–31
 * WRU Division Two East Champions – 2015-16
 * WRU Division Three East Champions – 2012-13, 2021-22 (No Promotion), 2022-23
 * WRU Division Four East Champions – 2011-12
 * WRU Division Four East Runners-Up (Promoted) – 2007–08, 2009–10
 * WRU Division Five East Champions – 2006-07
 * WRU Division Three Cup Winners – 2022-23
 * Colin Tuckwell Bowl Champions – 2021-22

Notable former players

 * See also Category:Abertillery RFC players

 * 🏴Jake Blackmore (1 cap)
 * 🏴Albert Fear (4 caps)
 * 🏴Bill Griffin
 * 🏴Keith Jarrett
 * 🏴John "Jack" 'Bedwellty' Jones
 * 🏴Allan Lewis (6 caps)
 * 🏴Glyn Meredith
 * 🏴Rupert Moon
 * 🏴Haydn Morgan (27 caps)
 * 🏴Bob Norster
 * 🏴George Parsons (1 cap)
 * 🏴Alun Pask (26 caps)
 * 🏴William Charles "Wick" Powell
 * 🏴Raymond "Ray" Price
 * 🏴David "Dai" Rees 24 years Bradford Northern Coach
 * 🏴Thomas "Tom" Rees
 * 🏴Trevor 'Ocker' Thomas (1 cap)
 * 🏴David Watkins
 * 🏴Evan Watkins
 * 🏴Jim Webb (19 caps)

Games played against international opposition
1 A joint Abertillery/Cross Keys team

2 A joint Abertillery/Ebbw Vale team

3 A joint Abertillery/Newbridge team

title: Abertillery RFC