text:
User:Chili69

Welcome!
Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at the Guide to Layout, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village Pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

Additional tips:
 * Here are some extra tips to help you get around Wikipedia:
 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills, try the Sandbox.
 * Click on the Edit button on a page, and look at how other editors did what they did.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: ~~~. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too. Always sign comments on Talk pages, never sign Articles.
 * You might want to add yourself to the New User Log
 * If your first language isn't English, try Contributing to articles outside your native language
 * Full details on Wikipedia style can be found in the Manual of Style.

There's also a regular group introduction to Wikipedia for new users on IRC.

Happy editing!

Note that it's important to read some of the introductory material before making large-scale changes to articles, and especially before insisting on them when other editors change what you've done. Also very important is:

When editing an article on Wikipedia there is a small field labelled "Edit summary" under the main edit-box. It looks like this:

 * [[Image:Edit_Summary-2.png|Edit summary text box]]

The text written here will appear on the Recent changes page, in the page revision history, on the diff page, and in the watchlists of users who are watching that article. See m:Help:Edit summary for full information on this feature.

When you leave the edit summary blank, some of your edits could be mistaken for vandalism and may be reverted, so please always briefly summarize your edits, especially when you are making subtle but important changes, like changing dates or numbers. Thank you. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 15:06, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Chili69


text:
Bazedoxifene

Bazedoxifene, used as bazedoxifene acetate, is a medication for bone problems and possibly (pending more study) for cancer. It is a third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Since late 2013 it has had U.S. FDA approval for bazedoxifene as part of the combination drug Duavee in the prevention (not treatment) of postmenopausal osteoporosis. It is also being studied for possible treatment of breast cancer and pancreatic cancer.

Medical uses
Bazedoxifene is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Available forms
Bazedoxifene is marketed both alone and in combination with conjugated estrogens.

Pharmacodynamics
Bazedoxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), or a mixed agonist and antagonist of the estrogen receptor (ER) in different tissues.

Chemistry
The drug is a member of the 2-phenylindole group of SERMs, along with zindoxifene and pipendoxifene.

Development
Bazedoxifene was developed by Pfizer following the completion of their takeover of Wyeth Pharmaceuticals. It is the result of an exclusive research collaboration between Wyeth Pharmaceuticals and Ligand Pharmaceuticals.

Approval
The drug was approved in the European Union by the European Medicines Agency on April 27, 2009.

On October 3, 2013, the FDA approved the combination product of bazedoxifene 20 mg with 0.45 mg Premarin (conjugated estrogens) for the treatment of menopausal osteoporosis and the treatment of moderate to severe hot flushes. This is the first approved menopausal hormone therapy product that contains a SERM (bazedoxifene) and an estrogen.

Brand names
Bazedoxifene is marketed alone under the brand names Conbriza and Viviant and in combination with conjugated estrogens under the brand names Duavee and Duavive.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bazedoxifene


text:
Caisteal Abhail

Caisteal Abhail is a mountain on the Isle of Arran in Scotland.

It is the northernmost Corbett on the island. The mountain forms the main part of a view known as The Sleeping Warrior due to its distinctive outline (resembling the profile of a recumbent figure) as seen from the mainland. The most notable feature of the mountain is Ceum na Caillich (often rendered as the "Witch's Step", cailleach, here in genitive also means an old woman/hag), a deep gash in the eastern ridge. It is the northernmost peak in a chain of three Corbetts: Goat Fell (the highest peak on Arran) is in fact an eastern outlier to this chain.

The summit lies at the junction of four ridges: those running east, north and northwest eventually descend, whilst the southern ridge continues on to the central summit of the range, Cìr Mhòr. The summit is crowned with a series of rocky tors, and in poor visibility it may be difficult to ascertain which one marks the highest point.

The mountain is most frequently climbed from North Glen Sannox. There is a car park on the A841 road 2 mi west of Sannox. From here, the summit can be attained via the northern, northwestern or eastern ridge. Ascent over the eastern ridge requires the walker to negotiate Ceum na Caillich, a tricky scramble that is not easily by-passed.

Ceum na Caillich and the eastern ridge may also be reached from the village of Sannox on the east coast of the island by way of Glen Sannox. The northwestern ridge can be climbed via a longer route following the Gleann Easan Biorach from Lochranza. An ascent of Caisteal Abhail is often combined with Cìr Mhòr, and indeed other Arran peaks.

.

title: Caisteal Abhail


text:
Vince Colletta

Vincent Colletta (October 15, 1923 – June 3, 1991) was an American comic book artist and art director best known as one of Jack Kirby's frequent inkers during the 1950s-1960s period called the Silver Age of comic books. This included some significant early issues of Marvel Comics' Fantastic Four, and a long, celebrated run on the character Thor in Journey into Mystery and The Mighty Thor.

Early life
Colletta was born in Casteldaccia, Sicily, the son of Rosa and Francesco "Frank" Colletta, the latter "a pretty high-level Mafioso", according to family lore. Colletta Sr emigrated from Sicily to escape local law enforcement and served with the US armed forces in World War II, where he provided art on the sides of bombers. He settled in Brooklyn, New York City, where his wife and child joined him 10 years later. The family then moved to New Jersey and opened an Italian market, severing any ties to the Mafia. Colletta was educated at the New Jersey Academy of Fine Arts.

Career
Colletta entered comics in 1952, freelancing first as a penciler, inking his own work, for the publisher Better Publications, on the titles Intimate Love and Out of the Shadows, and for publisher Youthful Magazines' imprint Pix-Parade, on the title Daring Love.

The following year he began his decades-long collaboration with Marvel, at the company's 1950s iteration, Atlas Comics. Primarily a romance comics artist, he drew dozens of stories and covers for the Atlas titles Love Romances, Lovers, My Own Romance, Stories of Romance, and The Romances of Nurse Helen Grant, with his earliest confirmed Atlas romance art the six-page story "My Love for You" in Love Romances #37 (March 1954). Colletta's work also appeared in such genres as jungle adventure (Jungle Action, Jann of the Jungle, Lorna, the Jungle Girl) and horror/fantasy (Uncanny Tales, Journey into Mystery).

During an Atlas retrenchment in the late 1950s, Colletta freelanced as a penciler on the DC Comics romance titles Falling in Love, Girls' Love Stories, and Heart Throbs, and Charlton Comics' Love Diary and Teen Confessions. His last confirmed pencil work for decades was "I Can't Marry Now" in Love Diary #6 (Sept. 1959).

Colletta's first work as an inker of another artist's pencils is unknown, largely due to credits not being given routinely in 1950s comics. Two possibilities suggested by historians and researchers are the cover of Atlas' Annie Oakley Western Tales #10 (April 1956), co-inking with Sol Brodsky over Brodsky's pencils, and the three-page story "I Met My Love Again", penciled by Matt Baker, in My Own Romance #65 (Sept. 1958). Additionally assigned to ink stories in Atlas' emerging science-fiction/fantasy and giant-monster comics, Colletta entered what fans and historians call "pre-superhero Marvel" with three Baker-penciled stories: "The Green Fog" in Journey into Mystery #50 (Jan. 1959), "I Fell to the Center of the Earth" in Tales to Astonish #2 (March 1959), and "The Brain Picker" in World of Fantasy #17 (April 1959).

Historians pinpoint Colletta's first inking of Jack Kirby's pencils as either the cover of Kid Colt: Outlaw #100 (Sept. 1961) or (with Colletta's credit confirmed), the cover of Love Romances #98 (March 1962).

Members of artist Wally Wood's studio were among those who assisted or ghosted on Colletta's mid-1960s Charlton stories. Artists who assisted or ghosted through Colletta's own studio included Maurice Whitman in 1964, Hy Eisman from 1960 to 1964, and at various times Matt Baker, Dick Giordano, and Joe Sinnott, as well as Kyle Baker.

Marvel Comics
As an inker for Marvel in the 1960s, Colletta worked on nearly every title, including some of the earliest issues of Daredevil. He inked Kirby's Fantastic Four #40–44, as well as Fantastic Four Annual #3, featuring the wedding of Reed Richards and Susan Storm and guest-starring virtually all the major Marvel Comics characters of the time.

Colletta began his six-year run on Kirby's "The Mighty Thor" feature with the "Tales of Asgard" backup in Journey into Mystery #106 (July 1964). Colletta graduated to the lead feature with #116 (May 1965). He continued through the book's retitling to The Mighty Thor with #126 (March 1966), and — except for one issue (#143) — inked it through #167 (Aug. 1969), picking up again from #176 (May 1970) to Kirby's final issue, #179 (Aug. 1970), inking John Buscema in #178. Colletta also inked Journey into Mystery Annual #1 (1965), which introduced Hercules to the Marvel universe, and The Mighty Thor King-Size Annual #2.

Historians and critics consider Colletta's Thor work to be his creative highlight. Historian Nick Simon said, "For me, the Kirby/Colletta version of Thor is the definitive one." Author and Silver Age of Comic Books historian Pierre Comtois wrote that, ". . . Colletta's hair-thin, detailed inking style . . . seemed devoid of large areas of black, [which are] used to give figures weight and heft but an artistic concept yet to be fully explored by the time of the Middle Ages, an era whose crude woodcuts most reflected the art style needed by the Thor strip[. It] captured the elusive quality of otherworldly drama that the strip would increasingly demand as [Stan] Lee and [Jack] Kirby took it away from the everyday world of supervillains to a mythic plane where the forces of evil were on a far more gargantuan scale. Despite the serendipity of the two men's styles, Colletta would later be criticized, with good reason, for compromising Kirby's artistic vision by eliminating much of the detail that the artist put into his work. Be that as it may, what Colletta chose to keep, he rendered in such a way that showed off aspects of Kirby's art that no inker before or since has ever been able to reproduce."

Colletta would also pencil stories in many 1960s issues of Charlton Comics' Teen-Age Love and First Kiss (at least some of which has been credited in reprints as by "Vince Colletta Studio"). He occasionally inked romance stories penciled by Joe Sinnott, and other pencilers on such titles as Charlton's Gunmaster, and Dell Comics' Guerrilla War, Jungle War Stories, and Western series Idaho.

DC Comics
In 1970, Colletta — who had been freelancing for DC Comics since 1968 on the romance titles Falling In Love, Girls' Love Stories, Secret Hearts and Young Romance — stepped up his inking for the company following Jack Kirby's move there from Marvel Comics. Colletta inked Kirby's two black-and-white magazine one-shots, In the Days of the Mob and Spirit World (both Oct. 1971), and the initial issues of Kirby’s Superman's Pal, Jimmy Olsen and "Fourth World" titles: The Forever People, Mister Miracle and The New Gods. While Colletta's rates were good and he brought "an innocent Marvel Age look to Jack's new heroes", he was prone to "erasing background characters" and transforming "[b]ustling crowd scenes [into] easier silhouettes". Kirby confidante Mark Evanier and inker Wally Wood eventually convinced a reluctant Kirby to ask DC Publisher Carmine Infantino to remove Colletta from inking Kirby's titles. He was replaced by inker Mike Royer, causing some fans to write to DC in complaint, denouncing Kirby for "abandoning the Marvel-style look". Colletta's frequent assistant Art Cappello did much of the background inking on these comics.

Colletta went on to ink a large array at DC, including a variety of Batman, Superman and Green Lantern titles; the TV tie-in series Isis and Super Friends; and nearly every issue of Wonder Woman from #206 (July 1973) to #270 (Aug. 1980), over pencilers including Don Heck, Dick Dillin, Curt Swan, José Delbo and Michael Netzer (Nasser).

He was named DC's art director in May 1976, resigning the post in May 1979. His time there included discovering future industry star Frank Miller. As one-time Marvel editor-in-chief Jim Shooter described, Miller had broken in with "a small job from Western Publishing, I think. Thus emboldened, he went to DC, and after getting savaged by Joe Orlando, got in to see art director Vinnie Colletta, who recognized talent and arranged for him to get a one-page war-comic job".

Before and after his tenure, Colletta continued to do a small amount of inking for Marvel, as well as for Skywald Publications' black-and-white horror magazine Psycho. Well into the 1980s, Colletta continued to ink a wide assortment of comics for both DC and Marvel. His last known credit is a Marvel humor one-shot, Fred Hembeck Destroys the Marvel Universe (July 1989).

In late 1987 after editor-in-chief Jim Shooter was fired from Marvel, Colletta sent Marvel a scathing, profanity-laced letter highly critical of the company's action, which became widely circulated.

Analysis
Colletta was regarded as one of the American comics industry's fastest inkers and a reliable professional to call upon when a comic was in danger of missing a printing deadline. He nonetheless has been criticized by a range of fellow professionals and comic historians for erasing various details in a penciler's work, both in order to lessen the inking burden and to help meet time constraints during an industry era when printers charged then-prohibitive thousands of dollars for missed deadlines, which resulted in idle presses. As comics artist Joe Sinnott told author Marc Flores, who writes under the pen name Ronin Ro, "When I penciled the romance stories, I used to tell myself, Vince wrecked what I did. ... He would eliminate people from the strip and use silhouettes, everything to cut corners and make the work easier for himself." Writer Len Wein told an interviewer what he enjoyed most about working on Luke Cage was, "Getting to work with the wonderful George Tuska, before Vinnie Colletta got his hands on the pencils and ruined them".

Colletta was reassigned from inking The Tomb of Dracula when publisher Stan Lee determined Colletta had taken unacceptable shortcuts on issue #9. Gene Colan, penciler on the series (and on several earlier projects inked by Colletta), remarked many years later that "when he wanted to he could do very good work, but he didn't take his time with my stuff."

Jack Kirby partisans are particularly vocal. Mark Evanier said, "In 1970 when Steve Sherman and I met Steve Ditko, he asked us about the new Kirby books that were then about to debut at DC. When we told him Colletta was handling the inking, he winced and said that he would probably not look at the comics. Back when he was working for Marvel, Ditko said he'd pick up the latest issues in the office and always check the credits before taking the comics home. If he found Colletta's name — especially as Kirby's embellisher — he would make a point of putting the comic back, or even in a wastebasket. And he'd make sure Stan [Lee] saw what he was doing and knew the reason why."

Conversely, Colletta's admirers point to the speed with which Colletta was often required to work, and the results he could produce when given time. Critic Tony Seybert wrote that "for tales set in the distant past of myth and legend, Colletta's soft delicate inks evoke the vapors of ancient times [and are] just as effective on Asgardian crags as on the sylvan glades of Olympus. The Kirby/Colletta Thor is a mighty blond deity with a hint of Norse faerie-dust. Hercules is a roughly hewn sculpture, almost incomplete, like one of the unfinished prisoners of Michelangelo."

Colletta himself described his methods as a necessity of the industry. When asked to describe his philosophy of inking, he said, "Well, first of all, some inkers like to pick and choose... and they'll take their time, no matter what the deadline is, even if the editor is in a jam, or a colorist is waiting for pages to come in so they can earn a living, too. I can't be that way."

Personal life
By the early 1950s, Colletta was married to his wife, Viola. The couple had a son, Franklin and two daughters, Roseannette and Cynthia. Circa 1962, the family began living at 3 Old Woods Road, in Saddle River, New Jersey.

Some time after having recovered from a heart attack, Colletta was diagnosed with cancer; three weeks later, on June 3, 1991, aged 67, he died at Pascack Valley Hospital in Westwood, New Jersey. At least one obituary, in The Comics Journal, erroneously stated he died at age 65 and in "late June", and claimed the cause was heart disease.

Awards
Colletta was posthumously awarded the Inkwell Awards Special Recognition Award in 2016. His son, Frankie, extended his thanks on the awards' official site.

title: Vince Colletta


text:
Nea Sinasos

Nea Sinasos (Greek: Νέα Σινασός) is a village in the northern part of the island of Euboea in Greece. It is situated northeast of the town of Istiaia, on the road to Artemisio. It was founded in the mid-1920s by refugees originating from Sinasos (present Mustafapaşa near Ürgüp) in Cappadocia.

title: Nea Sinasos


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Minowitz

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  11:27, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Minowitz
Possible Hoax. Article claim subject is a fishtorian and ran like the fish with his high sock. Hurricane111 15:07, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hoaxtastic. KeithD (talk) 15:19, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nonsense.  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   16:17, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — Another fishy story for the halibut. It flounders a bit toward the end. :) — RJH 20:00, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable if given the benefit of the doubt, patent nonsense if not given such. --Icarus 06:02, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Christopher Amott

Untitled
I think this page should be at Christopher Amott unless this is really the way he spells his first name. My Arch Enemy records seem to feature him with the ph, though. Aarnepolkusin 15:07, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree; if that's the name he goes by that's what people will recognise him as. 13-days 13:20, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Done. Skeletor2112 11:52, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Christopher Amott. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090828094908/http://blogs.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.ListAll to http://blogs.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.ListAll&friendID=58041991
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120305094448/http://www.caparisonguitarcompany.com/en/signature-series/dellinger-ca-vw to http://www.caparisonguitarcompany.com/en/signature-series/dellinger-ca-vw
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120305094448/http://www.caparisonguitarcompany.com/en/signature-series/dellinger-ca-vw to http://www.caparisonguitarcompany.com/en/signature-series/dellinger-ca-vw

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:52, 4 December 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Christopher Amott. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120130104033/http://www.caparisonguitarcompany.com/en/signature-series/item/dellinger-ca-pro-white-christopher-amott?category_id=13 to http://www.caparisonguitarcompany.com/en/signature-series/item/dellinger-ca-pro-white-christopher-amott?category_id=13

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:20, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Christopher Amott


text:
Wamoon

Wamoon is a village in Leeton Shire in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. Wamoon is located 8.8 km from Leeton along the Irrigation Way to the Leeton CBD and Henry Lawson Drive to the Leeton suburb of Wattle Hill. Wamoon provides a village of homes to the farmers of northern Leeton and there is a small primary school known as Wamoon Public School.

Wamoon Post Office opened in July 1920 and closed in 1983.

In 1993 Geographical Names Board of New South Wales deleted Wamoon when the village was removed from official government publication of locality names. In May 2006 the Geographical Names Board of New South Wales approved the reinstatement of Wamoon as a village.

Sports
The town has a team in the Group 20 Rugby League competition with neighbouring village Yanco, the Yanco-Wamoon Hawks. They are renowned for winning five successive titles from 1992-1996, a competition record. The club briefly merged with rivals Narrandera from 2012-2014 as the Bidgee Hurricanes, but the sides demerged ahead of the 2015 season.

title: Wamoon


text: User talk:67.52.195.168

title: User talk:67.52.195.168


text:
Category:Middle schools in Alberta

In Alberta a school teachings grades 7-9 is officially called a "junior high school" by the province, and by most school districts. Sometimes the term "middle school" is also used, as that is a more common term throughout North America. If at least one grade falls in this range, it should be included in this category (and it many cases will be appear in the other categories, as well). In some parts of Alberta high school will include Grade 9.

title: Category:Middle schools in Alberta


text:
Saint Francis University (Hong Kong)

Saint Francis University (SFU, formerly Caritas Institute of Higher Education from 2011 to January 2024) is a private university in Tseung Kwan O, New Territories, Hong Kong.

Saint Francis University (SFU or the "University"), established in 1985 as Caritas Francis Hsu College(later renamed as Caritas Institute of Higher Education), is a not-for-profit, self-financing degree awarding institution in Hong Kong dedicated to providing quality tertiary and higher education.

In 1990, the University was approved by the Hong Kong Government to provide post-secondary education and had since offered three-year Professional Diploma programmes. In 2001, the Institute was accorded the registration status as an approved post-secondary college (under the Post-Secondary Colleges Ordinance, Cap. 320). In 2011, the Institute was granted degree-conferring status and changed its name to Caritas Institute of Higher Education.

The University is devoted to serving the community through the provision of professional training and sound education to students who can serve the community and extend the greater good. SFU's programmes encompass health sciences, social sciences, and techno-humanities and business, which would benefit the community at large.

SFU continues to respond to societal and student needs by progressively enriching the undergraduate and professional programmes it provides. The first postgraduate programme was launched in 2021 to enhance students' articulation and career pathways. Together with its adjoining sister college, Caritas Bianchi College of Careers (CBCC), the Institute establishes multiple, flexible articulation pathways from diploma to postgraduate programmes covering over 35 disciplines. SFU, with the support of CBCC, aims to provide quality education opportunities to help students with different needs and from different backgrounds realize their potential.

Embracing the dedication to "Service with Love" in the tradition of our sponsoring body, Caritas – Hong Kong, the Unviersity strives to nurture students who are not only professionally well-trained and academically well-educated but who can also contribute to the social and moral well-being of society.

Caritas Institute of Higher Education renamed as Saint Francis University since January 2024, a well-respected and internationally recognized unviersity.

title: Saint Francis University (Hong Kong)


text:
User talk:Petzibaer~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Qaz  ( talk ) 15:09, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Petzibaer. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Petzibaer~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:08, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 17:34, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Petzibaer~enwiki


text:
Chesterton, Huntingdonshire

Chesterton is a small village and civil parish of exactly 56 households in Cambridgeshire, England. The village lies approximately 5 mi west-southwest of central Peterborough, near the city's Alwalton district. Chesterton is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England.

In the 17th century, Chesterton was the home of John Dryden's family, who lived in Chesterton manor.

In the 1870s, Chesterton was described as

 * "a parish in the district of Peterborough and county of Huntingdon; on the verge of the county, and on Ermine-street and the river Nen, 2½ miles SE of Castor r. station, and 5½ SW of Peterborough. Post town, Castor, under Peterborough. Acres, 1, 330. Real property, £2, 447. Pop., 129. Houses, 22."

History
Chesterton is rich in Roman history, with the name Chesterton meaning "Roman site farm/settlement ". MR A. Guest presents the Romans appearance as impressive, when he states "The Roman colonisation of the parish was impressive. Their first appearance was military, a five acre fort at Water Newton on the North border of Chesterton, which was built in the mid first century to guard the crossing of the Nene. A Civil settlement soon appeared at the gates of the fort, this became Chesterton with its North and West boundary being the River Nene and Billings Brook respectively. Durobrivae was contained within this boundary, with a Roman Signal Station at its highest point near its Southern border." Another Roman feature in Chesterton is Chesterton mound, which is described as a 'Roman earthen barrow situated 380m north of Hill Farm on the crest of Chesterton Hill south of the remains of the Roman town Durobrivae. "There have been suggestions that the mound was used as a "Roman signal station and a Medieval beacon".

In 1085 William the Conqueror ordered that a survey should be carried out across his kingdom to discover who owned which parts and what it was worth. The survey took place in 1086 and the results were recorded in what, since the 12th century, has become known as the Domesday Book. Starting with the king himself, for each landholder within a county there is a list of their estates or manors; and, for each manor, there is a summary of the resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value.

Chesterton was listed in the Domesday Book in the Hundred of Normancross in Huntingdonshire; the name of the settlement was written as Cestretune in the Domesday Book. In 1086 there were two manors at Chesterton; the annual rent paid to the lords of the manors in 1066 had been £8 and the rent had fallen to £6 in 1086.

The Domesday Book does not explicitly detail the population of a place but it records that there was 21 households at Chesterton. There is no consensus about the average size of a household at that time; estimates range from 3.5 to 5.0 people per household. Using these figures then an estimate of the population of Chesterton in 1086 is that it was within the range of 73 and 105 people.

The Domesday Book uses a number of units of measure for areas of land that are now unfamiliar terms, such as hides and ploughlands. In different parts of the country, these were terms for the area of land that a team of eight oxen could plough in a single season and are equivalent to 120 acre; this was the amount of land that was considered to be sufficient to support a single family. By 1086, the hide had become a unit of tax assessment rather than an actual land area; a hide was the amount of land that could be assessed as £1 for tax purposes. The survey records that there were nine ploughlands at Chesterton in 1086 and that there was the capacity for a further five ploughlands. In addition to the arable land, there was 40 acre of meadows at Chesterton.

The tax assessment in the Domesday Book was known as geld or danegeld and was a type of land-tax based on the hide or ploughland. It was originally a way of collecting a tribute to pay off the Danes when they attacked England, and was only levied when necessary. Following the Norman Conquest, the geld was used to raise money for the King and to pay for continental wars; by 1130, the geld was being collected annually. Having determined the value of a manor's land and other assets, a tax of so many shillings and pence per pound of value would be levied on the land holder. While this was typically two shillings in the pound the amount did vary; for example, in 1084 it was as high as six shillings in the pound. For the manors at Chesterton the total tax assessed was nine geld. By 1086 there was already a church and a priest at Chesterton.

In 1933 Chesterton had electricity. However piped water was not installed into the village until 1939, which meant villagers had to use water from the local Billing Brook. This eventually led to a sewage system being completed in 1969.

Government
Chesterton does not have a parish council but has an annual parish meeting.

Chesterton was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, the village was part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Then in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, Chesterton became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire.

The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and has its headquarters in Huntingdon. Huntingdonshire District Council has 52 councillors representing 29 district wards. Huntingdonshire District Council collects the council tax, and provides services such as building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism. Chesterton is a part of the district ward of Elton and Folksworth and is represented on the district council by one councillor. District councillors serve for four-year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council.

For Chesterton the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services. Cambridgeshire County Council consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions. Chesterton is part of the electoral division of Norman Cross and is represented on the county council by two councillors.

At Westminster Chesterton is in the parliamentary constituency of North West Cambridgeshire, and elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Chesterton is represented in the House of Commons by Shailesh Vara (Conservative). Shailesh Vara has represented the constituency since 2005. The previous member of parliament was Brian Mawhinney (Conservative) who represented the constituency between 1997 and 2005.

Demography
The occupational data of Chesterton in 1881, shown in the graph to the right, presents the majority of females as not having a " Specified Occupation". Compare this to the side which presents data for the male population in Chesterton in 1881, it presents all of the males within the village being in some sort of recognised occupation. According to the 2011 census, Chesterton (including Haddon) had a population of 317, with their main industry being in the Wholesale and Retail Trade. Compare this to the Chesterton of 1831, where the population was only 105 and 66% of the industry in Chesterton was in the agricultural industry. In 2011, the total number of households in Chesterton was 139. This compared to the number of households in the village in 1831, which was 21 households shows clear signs of development in the village to increase the number of households. The population density in Chesterton was measured at 0.2 (Numbers of people per hectare) in the 2011 Census. This is seen to be drastically under the national average in England which is 4.1 ( Numbers of people per hectare). Also in Chesterton, the percentage of people who stated their religion as Christian in the 2011 Census was also higher than the national average, with the percentage of the population who were Christians in Chesterton at 75.7% and the national average in England being 59.4%.

Education
Chesterton has no schools in the village itself. However it has several schools located within the local area. It has 2 primary schools located within a radius 1.5 miles from the village. These schools are Orton Wistow Primary School and Matley Primary School. Both these schools are for children aged 4–11 years old. An Ofsted report in 2011 gave Orton Wistow primary school a rating of "Good." An Ofsted report in 2013 for Matley Primary school rated the school as "Requires Improvement." The nearest secondary school is located 1.4 miles away from the village and is called Ormiston Bushfield Academy. The school is for children aged 11–19 years old. An Ofsted report in May 2012 rated the school as "Good"

Religious sites

St Michael's church, which is located on the north side of the village dates back to the 13th century and has monuments of the Lord of the Chesterton Manor, which belonged to the Beville family. Also St Michael's is where the tomb of William Beville who died in 1487 is located. The Beville family built Chesterton manor in the 1600s with Robert Beville building the manor; however, the family acquired the land in which the manor was built in 1378 after "the Norman Conquest" and the marriage of John Beville and Agnes Walderchef, until the manor was passed on to the Dryden family at a later date. From 1927 to 1937 the Rev Frank Buttle was rector of Chesterton with Haddon and Alwalton.

title: Chesterton, Huntingdonshire


text:
Fagin the Jew

Fagin the Jew is a graphic novel by American cartoonist Will Eisner.

In this book, Eisner retells the story of Fagin from Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist from Fagin's point of view. Eisner portrays Fagin as a distressed and complex character, and tells the story of his life and his place in the Ashkenazic community of London in the first person, with many illustrations. The book was written in response to Eisner's belief that much classic literature contains anti-Semitic stereotypes, including Dickens' portrayal of Fagin. Eisner has cast the story in the form of an interview between Fagin and Dickens, on the night before Fagin is to be hanged, in which Fagin tells his life story and pleads for a more understanding portrayal by Dickens.

The book was published by Doubleday in 2003. A tenth anniversary edition was published by Dark Horse in 2013.

Reception
In his 2008 500 Essential Graphic Novels, comics scholar Gene Kannenberg Jr. praised it as "skillfully executed, thought provoking, and enlightening".

New Internationalist called the book "sensitive", and a "remind[er to] cartoonists of the power of their pens and their responsibility to distinguish between good and bad stereotyping."

Publishers Weekly lauded its illustrations as "gorgeously expressive", emphasizing that "no one can convey a story through body language like Eisner", but faulted the narrative as "err[ing] on the side of extreme coincidence and melodrama", with an "awkwardly simplified run-through of Dickens' plot" and a "constant stream of expository dialogue [that] becomes laughable".

Booklist likewise found the narrative "starkly melodramatic [and] agenda-driven", and "lack[ing] nuance", but nonetheless considered the book to be "heartfelt", and compared it to John Gardner's Grendel.

title: Fagin the Jew


text:
User talk:Denis Paradis~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Qaz  ( talk ) 15:10, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

A tag has been placed on Kunek, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article seems to be a biographical account about a person, group of people, or band, but it does not indicate how or why he/she/they is/are notable. If you can indicate why Kunek is really notable, I advise you to edit the article promptly, and also put a note on Talk:Kunek. Any admin should check for such edits before deleting the article. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Please read our criteria for speedy deletion, particularly item 7 under Articles. You might also want to read our general biography criteria. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. To contest the tagging and request that admins should wait a while for you to assert his/her/their notability, please affix the template  to the page, and then immediately add such an assertion. It is also a very good idea to add citations from reliable sources to ensure that your article will be verifiable. -- The post in front was made by Popexvi 12:38, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

StuHarrison (talk) 08:49, 10 July 2012 (UTC)StuHarrisonStuHarrison (talk) 08:49, 10 July 2012 (UTC) Hello Denis Paradis, I was wondering if you could help translate my articles from En to Fr? Get in touch if you are interested, thank you!

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Denis Paradis. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Denis Paradis~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:24, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 12:03, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Denis Paradis~enwiki


text:
Talk:Copper Country

"Copper Country" counties
Why does it say "most" of the counties? What part is excluded? --Daniel C. Boyer 18:49, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I removed "most" and then it was quickly reverted. I don't know why someone would say that some of Houghton county (for example) is not part of the Copper Country, but since someone appears to care I'll mention it here. I think that all of the counties mentioned should be fully included. Actual sources would be nice to have. Any thoughts? -- dcclark (talk) 22:34, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

Why would Baraga County be considered part of the Copper Country?Plazak 17:58, 4 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Baraga County is often included nowadays for the tourist trade, making the entire northwest block of counties into one "region". Could you perhaps expand on your (rather uninformative) comment? -- dcclark (talk) 18:31, 4 August 2007 (UTC)
 * As far as I know, no copper has ever been mined in Baraga County, as opposed to Keweenaw, Houghton, and Ontanagon. I was under the (perhaps mistaken) assumption that the "Copper Country" related to the copper mining region.Plazak 23:34, 8 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I just remembered this discussion while reading a convenient history of the Copper Country, "Strangers and Sojurners" by Arthur W. Thurner. This book repeatedly refers to the "Copper Country" as Keweenaw, Houghton, Ontonagon, and Baraga counties. While it's true that mining didn't happen in Baraga county, the county is so strongly linked to the rest of the copper country that it seems to be considered part of it. -- dcclark (talk) 01:58, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

 * You might also want take a peek at the sources in Copper Island. 7&6=thirteen (talk) 12:47, 24 October 2008 (UTC) Stan

There exists native copper, and that is what was primarily mined by the Indians, but when the mining companies came in, they were after the copper ore, not the native copper, which was much rarer and more difficult to deal with on a large scale. That's what I recall anyhow. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.47.236.5 (talk) 05:05, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Actually no -- all copper mined in the Copper Country (except that from the White Pine Mine) was native copper. It showed up in various forms, i.e. large masses, small masses, and tiny bits embedded in rock, but it was all pure -- no compounds. -- dcclark (talk) 17:04, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Copper Country. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080609005310/http://www.climatesource.com/us/fact_sheets/fact_snowfall_us.html to http://www.climatesource.com/us/fact_sheets/fact_snowfall_us.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:01, 13 August 2017 (UTC)

Demographics
The article describes the immigrant groups in Copper Country well. Are there sources for total population of the peninsula anywhere? Numbers that show the rise and fall caused by the mining boom. A look at the population of Houghton shows its population growing until this century. But many other places were settled during the copper mining boom. I added section titles and moved some text around to fit the titles, so the article no longer looks like a stub, with all the text in one unnamed section. Now there is a lead with the highlights and several sections of text. - - Prairieplant (talk) 16:05, 12 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Copper Country


text:
VASCAR

VASCAR (Visual Average Speed Computer And Recorder) is a type of device for calculating the speed of a moving vehicle. The first VASCAR device was created in 1966 by Arthur Marshall. It is used by police officers to enforce speed limits, and may be preferred where radar or lidar is illegal, such as some jurisdictions in Pennsylvania, or to prevent detection by those with radar detectors.

Operation
A VASCAR unit uses a stopwatch and a simple computer. An operator records the moments that a vehicle passes two fixed objects (such as a white circle or square painted on the road) that are a known distance apart. The vehicle's average speed is then calculated by dividing the distance between the points by the time taken to travel between them. The mean value theorem implies that at some time between the measurements the vehicle's speed must be equal to its average speed.

VASCAR can be used from a moving or stationary vehicle or helicopter or other aerial platform. The target vehicle may be travelling in any direction, in front of or behind or below the observer.

A 1991 study by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration found that VASCAR-plus units produced errors of less than 2 mph if used correctly.

If VASCAR is used incorrectly, any operator can easily falsify a reading.

Users
VASCAR is known to be used where radar or LIDAR is illegal, such as some jurisdictions in Pennsylvania. Many police vehicles in the United Kingdom are fitted with a device, especially those used for traffic enforcement. The system is also used by airborne units - in some remote locations of the United States airborne speed enforcement is employed regularly.

History
VASCAR was invented by Arthur Marshall, a real-estate investor living in Richmond, Virginia in 1966. He was inspired to create the device after watching a police car driving dangerously trying to pace a speeder. The original version of the device was entirely mechanical, using a governed motor and a gear system to move a pointer to the correct speed value. Subsequent versions used a microprocessor to perform the speed calculations. By 1968, the device was in use in North Carolina, Indiana, Kentucky, and New York. In 1971, Marshall formed a company, Traffic Safety Systems, Inc., to market the device. After his death, Traffic Safety Systems was purchased by Power Systems & Controls, Inc., which had long manufactured the devices. They continue to produce similar devices under the name VASCAR-plus.

Technical Specifics
VASCAR relies on the accuracy of the patrol vehicle's speedometer drive (generally located within the vehicle transmission) for determining the distance traveled, using an odometer within the VASCAR system itself. Recently-purchased law enforcement vehicles generally have electronic speedometers, and a sensor wire is connected to the speed-sensor feed wire to count the pulses from the drive. Older vehicles, with cable-driven speedometers, are connected to the VASCAR unit with a mechanical-optical adapter which attaches to the cable. Pulses are counted the same way for both input methods.

The time and distance registers are completely separate from each other, and each is controlled by a toggle switch, which is operated by the traffic officer. To clock the patrol vehicle's speed (for instance, when the speed is matched with the violator's vehicle), both switches are operated simultaneously. Most often, however, the TIME toggle is activated when the violator's vehicle passes an identifiable landmark (such as a signpost), and the DISTANCE toggle is activated when the patrol vehicle passes the same landmark. When the violator passes a second landmark, the timer is stopped, and when the patrol vehicle passes that landmark, the distance measurement stops. These two values are then compared by the digital computer, which displays the average speed over that distance.

Early VASCAR units were made up of three parts. The main computer section was a box which was installed in a trunk or under a seat, the odometer drive was installed under the vehicle dashboard, and the control unit was mounted in a convenient operating location. Later systems combined the control and computer sections into a single unit, and replaced the earlier Nixie tube displays with LEDs.

Some VASCAR systems have included the ability to set a specific distance, allowing a traffic officer to avoid having to measure each time that stretch of road was checked. It is also possible to retain an earlier measurement, to be used with multiple vehicles (for instance, when spending a morning enforcing speed in a school zone). Until a new distance is put into the system memory, all speeds will be calculated based on the previous distance information.

Strengths and weaknesses of VASCAR
The VASCAR system has one major advantage over the RADAR and LIDAR systems also used for determining speed, in that it is not necessary to be in (or close to) the line of travel of the target vehicle. RADAR and LIDAR clock speed using the Doppler effect, so a vehicle traveling at an angle in relation to the unit will have a lower speed reading than actual speed. VASCAR, however, can provide an accurate speed clock under any conditions in which both a start and a stop point can be identified. It is not even necessary to see the entire course over which the target vehicle travels, so long as that specific vehicle can be identified as it passes the start and end points. The greater the distance (to the limit of the device), the more accurate the average speed.

The primary weakness of VASCAR is that it can be easily falsified.

A second weakness is that it can only provide an average speed, in contrast to the near-instant speed readout of a Doppler-effect system. Thus, it is possible for a vehicle to be well above the speed limit, then slow to the same amount below the limit for the same period of time, and have a legal speed.

A third weakness is that the operator must be able to visually identify the target vehicle and both start and end points, as well as operating the switches at the precise moments necessary.

Similar devices
While the name VASCAR is no longer trademarked, VASCAR and VASCAR V PLUS are trademarked in South Africa by Signal Systems (Pty) Limited. Power Systems & Controls holds the trademark to VASCAR-plus. Other companies sell similar, though non-VASCAR-branded, systems. For example, under the category "electronic speed timing devices (nonradar), which calculate average speed between any two points", the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation authorizes two devices in addition to the various VASCAR-plus models: the Tracker, by PATCO, and the V-SPEC, by YIS/Cowden Group.

title: VASCAR


text:
User talk:Dis embodied

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Qaz  ( talk ) 15:11, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Non-free use disputed for Image:Anamariastekelman.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Anamariastekelman.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read carefully the instructions at Non-free content and then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 21:19, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Juancarlosstekelman artwork.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Juancarlosstekelman artwork.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file has agreed to release it under the given license.

If you are the copyright holder for this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to permissions-en@wikimedia.org, stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here. If you take this step, add OTRS pending to the file description page to prevent premature deletion.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the file to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the file has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to permissions-en@wikimedia.org.

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as non-free fair use or one of the other tags listed at File copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See File copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. You may wish to read Wikipedia's image use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Kelly hi! 10:31, 13 May 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dis embodied


text:
Haddon, Cambridgeshire

Haddon is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. Haddon lies approximately 5 mi south-west of Peterborough city centre, near to Chesterton and Yaxley. Haddon is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England.

From 1927 to 1937 the Rev Frank Buttle was rector of Chesterton with Haddon and Alwalton.

History
In 1085 William the Conqueror ordered that a survey should be carried out across his kingdom to discover who owned which parts and what it was worth. The survey took place in 1086 and the results were recorded in what, since the 12th century, has become known as the Domesday Book. Starting with the king himself, for each landholder within a county there is a list of their estates or manors; and, for each manor, there is a summary of the resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value.

Haddon was listed in the Domesday Book in the Hundred of Normancross in Huntingdonshire; the name of the settlement was written as Adone in the Domesday Book. In 1086 there was just one manor at Haddon; the annual rent paid to the lord of the manor in 1066 had been £5 and the rent was the same in 1086.

The Domesday Book does not explicitly detail the population of a place but it records that there were 19 households at Haddon. There is no consensus about the average size of a household at that time; estimates range from 3.5 to 5.0 people per household. Using these figures then an estimate of the population of Haddon in 1086 is that it was within the range of 66 and 95 people.

The Domesday Book uses a number of units of measure for areas of land that are now unfamiliar terms, such as hides and ploughlands. In different parts of the country, these were terms for the area of land that a team of eight oxen could plough in a single season and are equivalent to 120 acre; this was the amount of land that was considered to be sufficient to support a single family. By 1086, the hide had become a unit of tax assessment rather than an actual land area; a hide was the amount of land that could be assessed as £1 for tax purposes. The survey records that there were ploughlands at Haddon in 1086 and that there was the capacity for a further four ploughlands. In addition to the arable land, there was 24 acre of meadows and 1 acre of woodland at Haddon.

The tax assessment in the Domesday Book was known as geld or danegeld and was a type of land-tax based on the hide or ploughland. It was originally a way of collecting a tribute to pay off the Danes when they attacked England, and was only levied when necessary. Following the Norman Conquest, the geld was used to raise money for the King and to pay for continental wars; by 1130, the geld was being collected annually. Having determined the value of a manor's land and other assets, a tax of so many shillings and pence per pound of value would be levied on the land holder. While this was typically two shillings in the pound the amount did vary; for example, in 1084 it was as high as six shillings in the pound. For the manor at Haddon the total tax assessed was five geld.

By 1086 there was already a church and a priest at Haddon.

Government
Haddon is a small parish and does not have a parish council; it holds an annual parish meeting.

Haddon was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, the village was part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Then in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, Haddon became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire.

The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and has its headquarters in Huntingdon. Huntingdonshire District Council has 52 councillors representing 29 district wards. Huntingdonshire District Council collects the council tax, and provides services such as building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism. Haddon is a part of the district ward of Elton and Folksworth and is represented on the district council by one councillor. District councillors serve for four-year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council.

For Haddon the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services. Cambridgeshire County Council consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions. Haddon is part of the electoral division of Norman Cross and is represented on the county council by two councillors.

At Westminster Haddon is in the parliamentary constituency of North West Cambridgeshire, and elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Haddon is represented in the House of Commons by Shailesh Vara (Conservative). Shailesh Vara has represented the constituency since 2005. The previous member of parliament was Brian Mawhinney (Conservative) who represented the constituency between 1997 and 2005.

Population
In the period 1801 to 1901 the population of Haddon was recorded every ten years by the UK census. During this time the population was in the range of 77 (the lowest was in 1801) and 146 (the highest was in 1861).

From 1901, a census was taken every ten years with the exception of 1941 (due to the Second World War).

All population census figures from report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight.

In 2011, the parish covered an area of 1218 acre. Also from the 2011 Census the population being less than 100 was excluded from this listing and included in the civil parish of Chesterton.

title: Haddon, Cambridgeshire


text:
Talk:Keweenaw Peninsula

This article is unconventional in limiting the name "Keweenaw Peninsula" to just the part of the peninsula north of Portage Lake and Portage canal (see the article map). Ironically, the article then violates its own definition by including Houghton and Chassell on its list of Keweenaw Peninsula towns (where they certainly do belong) and disagrees with the article "Keweenaw Waterway" which states correctly that the waterway "cuts ACROSS the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan" (my emphasis). Even granting the impossibility of exactly deliniating many geographic features, the Keweenaw Peninsula's base can be regarded as extending down to near Ontonagon on the northwest and to Baraga on the southeast. This makes much more sense: the Keweenaw Peninsula itself is BISECTED by the Keweenaw Waterway, not terminated by it. The point that this article is attempting to make is already adequately covered in the "Copper Island" article.DJKrause 14:01, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I think that the only part of this article really restricting the peninsula to north of the portage is the map. I've had issue with the map before (see the talk for the image). Otherwise, everything seems to include the peninsula straight down to Baraga. -- dcclark (talk) 19:24, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

Good point, but there the map is, and if the list of Keweenaw Peninsula towns is going to include hamlets as small as Ahmeek and Dreamland, surely Painesdale and Baltic should also be on it, and probably Ontonagon and Baraga as well, given their importance in Keweenaw history. I confess that, in spite of years of looking into the history of copper mining in the Keweenaw, this is the first time I have ever run into the expression "copper island." I note the irony that much of the history of copper mining (and social history as well) in the Keweenaw was associated with the Ontonagon area, (from the Ontonagon Boulder, which started it all, to the White Pine Mine and the last operating copper mine in Michigan, the Caledonia). The "copper island" idea may deserve comment as a minor bit of Finnish cultural trivia, but I do not see that it is helpful in a introductory article about a Michigan geographical feature. DJKrause 16:14, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

 * See the Copper Island page, the term actually has a real existence (locally). The majority of actual copper mining took place in the Keweenaw, especially at the Quincy Mine (the most profitable copper mine in the Copper Country), Delaware Mine, Isle Royale, Cliff (the first profitable mine), and many others. Feel free to add Painesdale, etc. to the list of towns, they definitely should be included. -- dcclark (talk) 16:25, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

A brief correction here. The most profitable mine in the Keweenaw, by FAR, was Calumet and Hecla, which produced about 50% of the profits of the entire district. Quincy was a steady earner, but not in the C&H class. Most small mines (like Delaware) never even approached profitability over their lifetimes. It is a sobering thought that without C&H, the entire copper production of all the mines of the entire district barely made the break-even point of producing enough copper to pay back the money that had been invested. DJKrause 17:43, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

 * There I go, nearly getting it right! Thanks for the correction. I encourage you to add other towns in the Keweenaw and, if you can, edit up the map. I would like to expand the article, but I am already spending more time than I should here, unfortunately. Good luck! -- dcclark (talk) 18:41, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

External Links to Keweenaw
The new external link (www.keweenaw.info) is the FIRST and BEST tourism source for anyone planning to visit the beautiful Keweenaw Peninsula. Visit the site for a free copy of the Keweenaw CVB Adventure Guide. Keweenaw CVB (talk) 18:29, 20 April 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Keweenaw Peninsula. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://ethnicity.lib.mtu.edu/groups_Finns.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160207073036/http://www.ramtops.co.uk/copper.html to http://www.ramtops.co.uk/copper.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:02, 9 December 2017 (UTC)

Michigan Tech's newspaper holdings
Thought this archived link could help someone now/in the future. Ed [talk] [majestic titan] 03:44, 10 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Keweenaw Peninsula


text:
Talk:Southern Michigan

What about the Upper Peninsula?
The county map needs to be updated to include the entire state. If the subject of the article is "Lower Michigan" only, then that needs to be noted in the article title, and the page should link to the corresponding page for the UP's regions. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.109.220.247 (talk) 14:48, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

Not so sure about Southern Michigan going so far north
Having grown up in Ithaca, Michigan, and attended college at Michigan State University, I'm wondering about this inclusion of the Lansing area in "southern" Michigan. In my mind, Lansing is much more in central Michigan, with the dividing line being crossed somewhere between Lansing and Jackson. Emerymat 00:18, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

There is a small town about 20 miles south of Downtown Lansing Called Leslie, they have a heavy cultural tie with more of Lansing and Central Michigan Moreso, while there is a Town called Rives Junction just about 10 miles southwest of Leslie which has a mix of Central and Southern Michigan Culture And Central Michigan Culture, And is somewhat culturally tied with Jackson. I would say the line of Southern and Central Michigan is approximately, but not exactly the county line of Ingham and Jackson Counties. The like transition line is probably somewhere North of Jackson, but definitely south of the Ingham County Line. RedCedarPine (talk) 17:32, 23 August 2022 (UTC)

Lansing in "Southern Michigan"?
I think not. What is the source or justification for this apparently arbitrary decision? I say "apparently arbitrary" because I can find no evidence that the regions of Michigan are official governmental designations.

 * The media (Lansing State Journal, and TV Stations WLNS, WILX, WSYM) all refer to Lansing as being in Mid-Michigan.

 * A Google search for the terms Lansing and "Mid Michigan" turns up many hits that would lead one to believe that Lansing is a part of "Mid-Michigan.

 * Conversely, a Google search for Lansing and "Southern Michigan" turns up mostly references where Lansing happens to be mentioned in the same work as a reference to something outside of the Lansing area (in Southern Michigan).

 * There are a number of businesses and organizations based in Lansing with "Mid-Michigan" in their title. In the Lansing phone book, I find at least 50 businesses listed whose name begins with "Mid-Michigan" (or "Mid Michigan"). I find one whose name begins with "Southern Michigan".

 * Ingham County is not included in any of the Michigan Planning & Development Regions that include "South" or "Southern" in the region name.

 * Lansing is listed among the cities in "Mid-Michigan" by Indopedia.

 * Lansing is listed among the cities of "Central Michigan" by Bonosearch. Certainly not necessarily a strong source for verification of fact, but arguably more evidence of the commonly-accepted definition of "Central Michigan".

I would argue that the boundary between "Mid" (or Central) and "Southern" Michigan lies somewhere south of Lansing and somewhere just north of Jackson. Perhaps Leslie is nearer the border. I believe that one could safely draw the border to include all of Ingham County.

On these grounds, I suggest that in the name of factual accuracy, Lansing be moved (at least in Wikipedia) from "Southern Michigan" to "Central Michigan" (for which "Mid-Michigan" is said to be a synonym).

I might go a step further (and perhaps out on a limb) to suggest that all of the "Michigan Region" articles are original research, opinion of the original author, and are insufficiently documented with sources or references. The definitions of the regions of Michigan are subjective and not even agreed upon in common usage. They are not official governmental definitions. That being the case, perhaps all of the "Michigan Region" articles qualify for deletion.

References:

--TRosenbaum 13:05, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

 * OK, you have some good reasons. Having come from the Central Michigan area (closer to Mt. Pleasant), I have found that the Saginaw Valley is generally considered to be "Central" Michigan, and Lansing is somewhat outside that. However, these regions are certainly not inventions of the authors: you have documented for yourself many uses of Mid-Michigan, Central Michigan, and Southern Michigan. However, the exact borders definitely are subjective, hence this discussion. :) Why not just be bold and move Lansing in the articles, instead of going around adding the "dubious" templates? -- dcclark (talk) 01:07, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I am planning to make the change and put Lansing into Central Michigan. What is slowing me down is that I will need to produce a new "Michigan Region Map" image redrawing the boundaries. --TRosenbaum 16:09, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

 * The issue here I see (and I'm a Lansing native myself) is that there are at least two separate and distinct "Mid-Michigan's" as perceived by media and local interests: The "Mid-Michigan" that consists of Lansing-Jackson (corresponding to that particular media market) and then the "Mid-Michigan" consisting of Bay City-Saginaw-Midland-Flint (also corresponding to that particular media market grouping).

 * Regionally speaking, I myself would realign the whole "Southern Michigan / Mid Michigan / Thumb" categorization as:

 * Lansing-Jackson - Ingham, Jackson, Eaton and Clinton counties, and if you want to throw in towns on the edges such as Portland, Perry, Fowlerville and Howell then that's fine.

 * Tri Cities-Flint - Midland, Bay, Saginaw and Genesee counties

 * Thumb - Tuscola, Sanilac, Huron, Lapeer and St. Clair (even though there is some overlap in the southern counties w/the northern edges of Metro Detroit. From my experience folks from Lapeer or Imlay City or Port Huron are much more likely to identify themselves as part of the "thumb" than those from the Tri-Cities or even Flint.

 * The remnant of Southern Michigan: basically the southern tier of counties including Branch, Hillsdale and Lenawee Counties. The Southern Michigan state correctional facility, for instance, is located in Coldwater, the county seat of Branch County.

 * Fatwa Dakkash 18:38, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I hate to but in but I do have one comment. According to MDOT in thier 5 year and 20 year transporation plans they have Lansing and Ann Arbor and what not in the University region.  Muskegon, Grand Rapids, and Holland in the Grand Region with Kalamazoo and Battle Creek in the Southwest Region.  But that is the only STATE approved region borders I myself have seen on the State Website.  --Mihsfbstadium (talk) 21:44, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Southern Michigan a subregion of Central Michigan
Well, this should help sove our problems. With Southern Michigan being a subregion of Central Michigan, they will both have seprate identies, and seprate pages, but they will both be in the same region of Michigan. I did the same thing to the Thumb and Flint/Tri-Cities. Please help me on adding more to Southern and Central Michigan. Cgord (talk) 17:03, 12 June 2008 (UTC)
 * The map that you added on June 11, 2008 (replacing the previous map) seems confusing. The article title is Southern Michigan, but the new map does not show any region labelled as such.  Perhaps the previous map is better suited to illustrate the article? --Thomprod (talk) 16:58, 14 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I still think the current map does not illustrate what portion of the state is included as being part of "Southern Michigan". Some region of the map should actually be labelled "Southern Michigan". --Thomprod (talk) 01:06, 17 November 2010 (UTC)

Kalamazoo in Southern Michigan?
I lived in Kalamazoo most of my life. I never (repeat NEVER) heard anyone refer to the Kalamazoo area as anything other than West Michigan. Evidence? WWMT, the Kalamazoo based TV station chose their call letters (when they changed from WKZO) to reference "West Michigan Television. The Nielsen rating area is Kalamazoo/Battle Creek/Grand Rapids.  The Kalamazoo County Convention and Visitors Authority belongs to the West Michigan Tourism Association.  I could go on, but you get the point.  Since there are no references to this article, I would propose that the counties west of old US-27 be merged into West Michigan where they belong. After all it isn't the Southern Michigan University Broncos! Gtwfan52 (talk) 03:55, 4 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I have also seen Lansing and environs usually considered to be its own region, too. The most usual split I have seen is Metro Detroit and Metro Lansing as their own areas;  Everything north of M-46 (Sometimes US 10) as Northern Michigan, and old US 27 splitting east and west south of there.  Gtwfan52 (talk) 04:00, 4 July 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Southern Michigan


text:
Farcet

Farcet (/ˈfæsət/) is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. Farcet lies approximately 2 mi south of Peterborough city centre, between Yaxley and the Peterborough suburb of Old Fletton. Farcet is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England.

The parish of Farcet was established in 1851, having previously been part of the parish of Stanground, its northern neighbour, when the vicarage of Stanground included the curacy of Farcet's village church.

Government
As a civil parish, Farcet has a parish council. The parish council is elected by the residents of the parish who have registered on the electoral roll; the parish council is the lowest tier of government in England. A parish council is responsible for providing and maintaining a variety of local services including allotments and a cemetery; grass cutting and tree planting within public open spaces such as a village green or playing fields. The parish council reviews all planning applications that might affect the parish and makes recommendations to Huntingdonshire District Council, which is the local planning authority for the parish. The parish council also represents the views of the parish on issues such as local transport, policing and the environment. The parish council raises its own tax to pay for these services, known as the parish precept, which is collected as part of the Council Tax. The parish council consists of nine councillors and has a parish clerk.

Farcet was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, the village was part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Then in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, Farcet became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire.

The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and has its headquarters in Huntingdon. Huntingdonshire District Council has 52 councillors representing 29 district wards. Huntingdonshire District Council collects the council tax, and provides services such as building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism. Farcet is a part of the district ward of Yaxley and Farcet and is represented on the district council by three councillors. District councillors serve for four-year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council.

For Farcet the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services. Cambridgeshire County Council consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions. Farcet is part of the electoral division of Norman Cross and is represented on the county council by two councillors.

At Westminster Farcet is in the parliamentary constituency of North West Cambridgeshire, and elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Farcet is represented in the House of Commons by Shailesh Vara (Conservative). Shailesh Vara has represented the constituency since 2005. The previous member of parliament was Brian Mawhinney (Conservative) who represented the constituency between 1997 and 2005.

Population
In the period 1801 to 1901 the population of Farcet was recorded every ten years by the UK census. During this time the population was in the range of 363 (the lowest was in 1801) and 1165 (the highest was in 1901).

From 1901, a census was taken every ten years with the exception of 1941 (due to the Second World War).

All population census figures from report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight.

In 2011, the parish covered an area of 4552 acre and so the population density for Farcet in 2011 was 262.5 persons per square mile (101.4 per square kilometre).

Religious sites
The church of St. Mary consists of a chancel, south chapel, nave, north aisle, south aisle, west tower and south porch. The walls are of ashlar and rubble with stone dressings, and the roofs are covered with stone slates and lead.

The church is not mentioned in the Domesday survey of 1086, but in the 12th century there was a chancel and an aisleless nave to which a west tower was added in the later years of that century. In the middle of the next century the chancel was rebuilt and a south chapel added. About 1275 the south aisle was added and was continued to the western wall of the tower, possibly with the intention of pulling down the tower and correspondingly lengthen the nave. The south porch was built in the 14th century.

The church was restored in 1852 when the chancel and chapel are said to have been rebuilt, the nave roof renewed and the north aisle added. The tower was restored in 1894–7.

In 2016, the church went through more renovation works because it was not coping in winter weather

Culture and community
Farcet has a working men's club called "The Village Club". The old River Nene flows through the area and it can be reached to the Green Wheel cycling and walking network, on the end of St Mary's Street, near the working men's club.

Crown Lakes Country Park is next to the village, the park has a well maintained walkway around several lakes as well as a dedicated area for the very rare Great Crested Newt, Britain's largest newt.

The Fen View Heritage Centre was opened in 2018 by the Fenland Trust, in the chapel of Farcet cemetery.

Notable people
Lieutenant Walter Henry Goodale (RAF) was born in Farcet in 1894, before moving with his family to Peakirk, Goodale was later killed in action when the DH9 airplane he was piloting was shot down over the Western Front in World War I

Farcet was home to the astronomer George Alcock MBE, one of the most successful visual discoverers of novas and comets, the October 1959 episode of the BBC's The Sky at Night was filmed in his back garden in the village.

title: Farcet


text:
User talk:Richar4034

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Qaz  ( talk ) 15:13, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

I notice you have been here awhile. Better a late welcome than none at all though. Qaz ( talk ) 15:13, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Hey, I saw your edit at Deathcab, and thanks for making that redirect! You didn't quite do it the right way; the way you create a redirect that works automatically is to structure it like this:

 * 1) REDIRECT The target article

I've already fixed Deathcab, but that's for if you want to make any new ones in the future. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 15:16, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Amphipolis
Hi Richard, I wanted to thank you for your fantastic work on Amphipolis. The English article really needed an expansion, and I'm grateful for your choice (I have a particular interest in Ancient Greece, you see). So thanks again!--Aldux 23:22, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

LBJ
Re this edit, as a point of trivia, Nixon's wasn't a state funeral. But I'm not a fan of that sort of trivia being added back into an article anyway, so I left the edit alone. Thanks for your contributions! Frank |  talk  21:38, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Richar4034