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Ben Handlogten

Benjamin Louis Handlogten (born November 16, 1973) is an American former professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and other leagues.

Early life and education
Handlogten, who was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan graduated from South Christian High School of Grand Rapids and attended Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan.

Professional career
Handlogten grew up as a Detroit Pistons fan during the "Bad Boys" era of the team. Not selected in the 1996 NBA draft, Handlogten signed with the Pistons as a free agent on September 18, 1996 but was cut before the regular season. He entered professional basketball in 1996 with the Grand Rapids Hoops of the Continental Basketball Association. For the 1997–98 season, Handlogten played for Oyak Renault of the Turkish Basketball League (TBL) and averaged 17.6 points, 10.4 rebounds, and 1.4 blocks. In 1998, Handlogten signed with Daiwa of the Japanese bj league and had an average 16.6 points, 11.8 rebounds, and 1.5 blocks.

After his one season with Daiwa, Handlogten played two more seasons in the TBL: with Galatasaray in 1999–2000 and Ülkerspor in 2000–01. Handlogten averaged 17.4 points and 8.4 rebounds in the 2001–02 season with Virtus Roma of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A. In the 2002–03 season, Handlogten played for Makedonikos B.C. of the Greek Basket League and was the league's top rebounder that season with 12.8 per game. With Makedonikos, Handlogten scored an average 16.8 points per game and also had 1.4 assists and 1.1 blocks per game.

He signed as an undrafted free agent with the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association (NBA) on September 30, 2003. Handlogten played 17 games and averaged 4.0 points, 3.2 rebounds, and 0.4 assists before a season-ending ACL injury on December 26, 2003. Handlogten scored a career-high 13 points on December 12 and grabbed a season-high 9 rebounds two days later, December 14.

On February 19, 2004, the Jazz traded Handlogten and Keon Clark to the Phoenix Suns for Tom Gugliotta and future draft picks; the Suns waived Handlogten the following day. Following two ten-day contracts, Handlogten signed a contract for the rest of the season with the Utah Jazz on March 29, 2005. He averaged 4.5 points, 3.1 rebounds, and 0.6 assists in 21 games (5 starts). On April 1, Handlogten scored a season-high 12 points and made a season- and career-high 11 rebounds.

The New Jersey Nets waived Handlogten on November 8, 2005, after Handlogten signed on October 4. Handlogten then signed with Ulsan Mobis Phoebus of the Korean Basketball League the following week. On February 19, 2006, he agreed to join Winterthur FC Barcelona of Liga ACB for the rest of the season. However, the team delayed the signing pending medical examinations. In March 2006, he was cut by the team.

Post-playing career
After his basketball career, Handlogten became owner of a real estate/construction company in Charlotte, North Carolina. Joining the school as an assistant coach in 2008, Handlogten became head boys' basketball coach at SouthLake Christian Academy of Huntersville, North Carolina. In 2011, Handlogten became an executive at a medical supply company.

Personal
His son, Micah, plays for the Florida Gators men's basketball team.

title: Ben Handlogten


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Royal Group Technologies

Royal Group Technologies is a large Canadian building supplies maker and plastics company. Based in Woodbridge, Ontario, it also has operations in much of Latin America and in Poland and China. In the 2000s, it was plagued by scandals and financial losses.

History
The company was founded as Royal Plastics Group in 1970 by Vittorio "Vic" De Zen. It quickly rose to become one of Canada's largest plastic makers, specializing in PVC pipe, window profiles, and other plastics products. It had its own chemical plant in Bradford, Ontario, and a large PVC recycling facility. The company developed the Royal Building System, a construction technique using PVC frames filled with concrete, that allows very sturdy structures to be constructed in only a few days. It also moved into other areas, such as lawn furniture. It also moved into metals with its Baron Metal subsidiary.

The company went public in 1994, and the stock rapidly increased and three years later De Zen's own holdings were worth $600 million. Because of generous stock options some 200 other employees became millionaires as well. In 1997, the company was renamed Royal Group Technologies as sale grew to $2 billion per year.

In 2003, investors began to complain about the company, which was seeing falling earnings. De Zen retained over 80% of the votes at shareholders meeting, and continued to pay himself a multimillion-dollar bonus. The stock price collapsed from over $30 to under $7 in little over a year. Losing money, it placed its money losing window coverings division under new management. In November 2003 De Zen resigned as CEO, being replaced by Douglas Dunsmuir. He remained chairman, and through his stock holdings control of the company. The stock recovered somewhat, increasing in value by over 70% over the next months.

However, in February 2004 the Ontario Securities Commission and RCMP announced that they were investigating the company in connection with land deals in the Caribbean. The stock again fell sharply. This caused problems for Greg Sorbara, a former Royal Group board member, who had become Ontario's finance minister in 2003. The investigation focused on De Zen, Dunsmuir and former CFO Gary Brown. It was alleged that the Royal Group has defrauded shareholders in its relation with a resort owned by the executives on the island of St. Kitts. De Zen and his brother in law, Fortunato Bordin, had borrowed $114 million from Scotiabank to build the resort. Scotiabank headquarters were raided by 25 members of the RCMP's Integrated Market Enforcement Team on 1 February 2005 "to collect documentary and other evidence in connection to the ongoing criminal investigation into the financial activities of Royal Group Technologies Ltd. "

In November 2004, forensic auditors found what was then regarded as a suspicious land deal in Canada in which De Zen and other executives had bought land and then resold it to the company. They found that a 75 hectare lot in Woodbridge had been purchased for $20.5 million and then resold to Royal Group that same day for $27 million. The company fired De Zen as chairman, Dunsmuir, and new CFO Ron Goegan. James Sardo was appointed as the new CEO. The scandal also affected Scotiabank, the company's banker, which was subject to a high-profile RCMP raid in February 2005.

In March 2005, De Zen relinquished control over the company when he exchanged his multiple-voting shares for common stock. This left the company an attractive target for a takeover attempt. It was reported that Cerberus Capital Management was preparing a $1.3-billion bid for the firm. The company put itself up for sale in the spring of 2005.

Georgia Gulf Corporation, a large PVC raw-material manufacturer, completed its acquisition of Royal Group on October 3, 2006 for $1.6 billion.

The trial respecting the allegations made against Mr. De Zen and others commenced in April 2010. Crown prosecutors had sought a jury trial, but the Ontario Superior Court noted that "the Crown engaged in an "abuse of process"" and denied the request.

On December 10, 2010, at the conclusion of the five-month trial, the trial judge acquitted the defendants of the two charges they faced. The trial judge found overwhelming evidence supporting the defence that no fraud, no deceit, no dishonesty and no concealment had taken place. Indeed, the judge indicated that it would be a "travesty of justice" to wait even one day before pronouncing the verdict of not guilty.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Royal Group Technologies


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Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse

The Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse (Dioecesis Crossensis) is a Latin Church diocese in west-central Wisconsin in the United States. The metropolitan for the diocese is the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The mother church is the Cathedral of Saint Joseph the Workman in La Crosse.

Territory
The Diocese of La Crosse encompasses the city of La Crosse and 19 Wisconsin counties:

Adams, Buffalo, Chippewa, Clark, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Juneau, La Crosse, Marathon, Monroe, Pepin, Pierce, Portage, Richland, Trempealeau, Vernon, and Wood.

Early history
In the 16th and early 17th century, the Wisconsin area was part of the French colony of New France. During this time, the French bishops in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, had jurisdiction over Canada and North America east of the Mississippi River.

When the British took control of New France in 1763, the bishops in Quebec continued to have jurisdiction in the region. In 1791, soon after the conclusion of the American Revolution, Pope Pius VI erected the Diocese of Baltimore. It covered all the American states and the Northwest Territory, which included part of present-day Wisconsin. The rest of Wisconsin became part of the territory after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.

In 1843, Pope Gregory XVI erected the Diocese of Milwaukee, which included all of present-day Wisconsin. The La Crosse area would remain part of this diocese for the next 25 years.

1868 to 1892
Pope Pius IX erected the Diocese of La Crosse on March 3, 1868, with territory from the Diocese of Milwaukee. The new diocese covered all of Wisconsin north and west of the Wisconsin River. The pope named Reverend Michael Heiss of the Diocese of Louisville as the first bishop of La Crosse.

When the diocese was erected, it had 22 priests, 23 churches and about 50 stations. Along with the English and German congregations, provisions were also made for Poles and Italians. Franciscan sisters and lay teachers were in charge of six parish schools. As bishop, Heiss built several churches, including the cathedral, and the episcopal residence. In 1880, Pope Leo XIII named Heiss coadjutor archbishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee.

Heiss was succeeded by Reverend Kilian Flasch of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Leo XIII in 1881. An outspoken supporter of Catholic education, he established 36 new schools during his tenure and, at the Plenary Council, unsuccessfully sought to require Catholic parents to send their children to parochial schools. In 1890, the Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration founded the St. Rose Normal School in La Crosse to prepare nuns to serve as teachers. Flasch died in 1891.

1892 to 1948
To replace Flasch, Leo XIII appointed Monsignor James Schwebach, the vicar general, in 1892 as the third bishop of La Crosse. He founded St. Michael's Home for orphans. In 1905, Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Superior, with part of its territory taken from the Diocese of La Crosse.

Pope Pius XI appointed Auxiliary Bishop Alexander McGavick of the Archdiocese of Chicago to succeed Schwebach as bishop of La Crosse in 1921. During McGavick's tenure as bishop, the Catholic population grew from 116,000 to 140,000. When he first arrived, there were 156 parishes, 78 mission churches, 90 parochial schools, and 189 secular priests with 51 religious. By his first 20 years, he had established more than 20 parishes and 41 schools. He founded Aquinas High School in La Crosse in 1928. St. Rose Normal School in 1939 was transformed into Viterbo University.

In 1945, Pope Pius XII named Monsignor John Treacy as coadjutor bishop to assist McGavick. In 1946, Pius XII removed territory from the Diocese of La Crosse to form part of the new Diocese of Madison.

1948 to 1994
When McGavick died in 1948, Treacy automatically succeeded him as bishop of La Crosse. During his 16-year tenure, Treacy founded Holy Cross Seminary, oversaw the construction of the Cathedral of Saint Joseph the Workman in La Crosse, and established 47 churches, 43 convents, and 42 schools. McGavick ordered the closing of the Necedah Shrine of Mary Van Hoof in Necedah, in 1950. Van Hoof had claimed to experience religious visions, but the Vatican had determined her claims to be false. Treacy died in 1964.

The next bishop of La Crosse was Bishop Frederick Freking from the Diocese of Salina, named by Pope Paul VI in 1965. During his tenure in La Crosse, he reduced the diocese's debt from $11 million to $4 million between 1965 and 1981. He established a diocesan commission on Christian renewal in 1965, and the first lay ministry training program in the United States in 1975. Freking also oversaw construction of 14 churches, 15 rectories, seven elementary schools, 22 religious education centers, five convents and the Newman Center. Freking also supervised 36 church renovations and expansions, and 59 priests were ordained while he was bishop. He was instrumental in the founding of the Bethany-St. Joseph Care Center for the elderly by the diocese and the Lutheran Church in La Crosse. Freking retired in 1983.

To replace Freking, Pope John Paul II named Auxiliary Bishop John Paul as bishop in 1984. In 1986, Paul convened the fourth diocesan synod following the revised Canon Law of 1983; in 1987, the decrees of the fourth diocesan synod were published as: The Bishop With His People. In 1992, Paul founded the Aquinas Middle School in La Crosse. Paul retired in 1994.

1994 to present
Monsignor Raymond Leo Burke succeeded Bishop John Joseph Paul in La Crosse, named by John Paul II in 1994. Some critics said that construction of the $25 million Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe was wasteful of on money that should have gone to the poor. Burke defended the shrine as being a fruitful way to raise spiritual devotion. Another controversy was the diocese's withdrawal from Church World Service's annual Crop Walk because some of the money raised was being used to purchase condoms in developing countries. Burke also welcomed numerous traditional orders, including the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest (ICKSP), whose priests offer exclusively the Tridentine Mass, to his diocese. Two priests left the diocese as a result of his policies. Burke closed a number of schools while also raising teachers' salaries. His style was noted by some of his aides to be more formal than that of his predecessor Paul, although his aides described him as warm and approachable in private.

After two years in La Crosse, John Paul II named Burke as archbishop in 2006 of the Archdiocese of St. Louis. The pope replaced Burke in La Crosse with Auxiliary Bishop Jerome Listecki of the Archdiocese of Chicago. At La Crosse, he initiated a $50 million fundraising campaign, a planning process to restructure ministry and parishes in the diocese, and was instrumental in the development of the Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe. In 2009, after three years, Pope Benedict XVI named Listecki as archbishop of Milwaukee.

William P. Callahan, a former auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee, was named Bishop of La Crosse by Benedict XVI in 2010.

Gerard W. Battersby, auxiliary bishop of Detroit, was named Bishop of La Crosse on March 19, 2024.

Statistics
As of 2021, the Diocese of La Crosse had 144 diocesan priests, 61 permanent deacons and 197 nuns serving 159 parishes. The Catholic population of the diocese was approximately 163,600. The diocese hosts the following religious orders:

 * Sisters of St. Joseph of the Third Order of St. Francis in Stevens Point
 * Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration in La Crosse
 * Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate in La Crosse
 * Capuchins in Marathon
 * Cistercians in Sparta
 * Sisters of St Francis of the Martyr St George in La Crosse

Sex abuse
Reverend Bruce Ball was charged in Jackson County in June 1992 of causing a child to expose a sex organ. He had dared two boys to walk around with their genitals exposed. That same month, he was charged in Clark County of indecent touching, his victim a 12 year old boy. During a police interview, he admitted to sexual abuse of four boys. In July 1992, as part of a plea bargain, the Jackson charges were dropped and Ball pleaded guilty to sexual contact with a client. He was sentenced to five years in prison.

In January 2002, Reverend Timothy E. Svea from the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign in Wausau was charged with false imprisonment and exposing a child to harmful material. The abuse began when the victim, a church volunteer, was 15 years old. During one incident in 1999, Svea handcuffed the victim to a bed and fondled him. Other victims were soon added to the case. Svea pleaded guilty in February 2002 to second-degree sexual assault of a child under age 16 and exposing himself to a child; he received a year and a half in prison.

In May 2019, Monsignor Bernard McGarty was charged with fourth degree sexual assault for allegedly groping a woman outside the La Crosse Public Library. The district attorney later dismissed the case, citing "McGarty’s age [95] and his current health problems indicate he is not likely to repeat this behavior and given the lengthy delay caused by the COVID-19 pandemic the State feels it is not necessary to pursue this case".

In June 2020, Reverend Charlie Richmond, a high school chaplain at McDonell Area Catholic School in Chippewa Falls, was charged with sexually assaulting a female minor between September 2016 and May 2017. Richmond was then suspended from active ministry. The victim said that Richmond would inappropriately touch her and have her sit on his lap. In December 2021, Richmond pleaded no contest to fourth degree sexual assault, a misdemeanor, and was sentenced to one year of probation.

Bishops of La Crosse

 * 1) Michael Heiss (1868–1880), appointed Archbishop of Milwaukee
 * 2) Kilian Caspar Flasch (1881–1891)
 * 3) James Schwebach (1891–1921)
 * 4) Alexander Joseph McGavick (1921–1948)
 * 5) John Patrick Treacy (1948–1964)
 * 6) Frederick William Freking (1965–1983)
 * 7) John Joseph Paul (1983–1994)
 * 8) Raymond Leo Burke (1995–2004), appointed Archbishop of St. Louis and later Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura and Patron of the Order of Malta (elevated to Cardinal in 2010)
 * 9) Jerome Edward Listecki (2004–2010), appointed Archbishop of Milwaukee
 * 10) William P. Callahan (2010–2024)
 * 11) Gerard Battersby (2024-present)

Auxiliary bishops

 * William Richard Griffin (1935–1944)
 * John Joseph Paul (1977–1983), appointed Bishop of La Crosse

Other diocesan priests who became bishops

 * Robert Herman Flock, appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Cochabamba in 2012 and later Bishop of San Ignacio de Velasco
 * George Albert Hammes, appointed Bishop of Superior in 1960

Diocesan institutions
Among the institutions in the Diocese of La Crosse are 10 Catholic-affiliated hospitals; St. Rose of Viterbo Convent, the motherhouse of the Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration, and the Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe in La Crosse. The first mass was held at the Shrine in 2008. In addition, the diocese sponsors Casa Hogar, an orphanage in Peru.

Universities
Viterbo University – La Crosse

High schools

 * Aquinas High School – La Crosse
 * Assumption High School – Wisconsin Rapids
 * Columbus Catholic High School – Marshfield
 * McDonell Central Catholic High School – Chippewa Falls
 * Newman Catholic High School – Wausau
 * Pacelli High School – Stevens Point
 * Regis High School – Eau Claire

Elementary/middle schools
The diocese operates 74 elementary schools with an approximate enrollment of 8,717 students.

Pacelli Catholic Schools
Pacelli Catholic Schools is a private Catholic school system located in Stevens Point. A consolidation of six parish schools, Pacelli includes:

 * One early childhood center
 * Two elementary schools
 * One middle school
 * One high school

Pacelli Catholic Schools is supported by seven parishes: St. Bronislava, St. Joseph, St. Stanislaus Kostka, St. Stephens, St. Peters, Newman and St. Mary (Immaculate Conception) of Torun.

Former high schools

 * Campion High School – Prairie du Chien, (closed in 1975)
 * Madonna High School – Mauston (closed in 1966)

Publications
The Diocese of La Crosse published a bi-weekly newspaper, The Catholic Times, until 2015. The Diocese continues to publish the Catholic Life magazine in print and online.

title: Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse


text:
Old Synagogue

Old Synagogue (also Alte Synagoge (de), Alta Shul (yi), Synagoga Stara (pl)) can refer to:

 * Old Synagogue (Aachen), Germany
 * Old Synagogue (Berlin), Germany
 * Old Synagogue (Canterbury), England
 * Old Synagogue (Dortmund), Germany
 * Old Synagogue (Dubrovnik), Croatia
 * Old Synagogue (Erfurt), Germany
 * Old Synagogue (Essen), Germany
 * Old Synagogue (Heilbronn), Germany
 * Old Synagogue (Kraków), Poland
 * Old Synagogue (Łódź), Poland
 * Old Synagogue (Prague), also called the Spanish Synagogue, Czech Republic
 * Old Synagogue (Przemyśl), Poland

title: Old Synagogue


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Fort McMurray International Airport

Fort McMurray International Airport is an airport located in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, Alberta, Canada. It is the largest airport in northern Alberta, serving the city of Fort McMurray, as well as the surrounding area. The airport offers flights to Edmonton, Calgary, and Fort Chipewyan through airlines such as Air Canada, WestJet, McMurray Aviation, and Northwestern Air. The Fort McMurray Airport Authority was established in 2010 to manage the airport and ensure its efficient operation. Since then, the airport has undergone various developments and expansions to accommodate the increasing passenger traffic and improve facilities.

History
The airport has a rich history dating back to its early years. During World War II, the airport served as an air base for the Royal Canadian Air Force. After the war, it underwent further improvements to support civilian air travel. In 2010, the Fort McMurray Airport Authority was created, taking over the management of the airport from the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo.

Terminals
The airport features two terminals: the main terminal and the original terminal. The main terminal serves as the primary hub for domestic and international flights, offering various services and amenities to passengers. The original terminal, now repurposed, houses some aviation-related businesses and facilities.

Services and amenities
Fort McMurray International Airport provides a range of services and amenities to enhance the passenger experience. These include retail shops, food and beverage outlets, car rental services, and free Wi-Fi access throughout the terminal.

Accolades
The airport's food and beverage program has received recognition for its quality and variety of offerings, providing passengers with a diverse selection of dining options during their travel.

Annual traffic
The passenger traffic is reflective of the boom and bust cycle of the oil prices.

title: Fort McMurray International Airport


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YMM

YMM may refer to:

 * Fort McMurray International Airport, by IATA code
 * YMM registers in the x86 microprocessor instruction set Advanced Vector Extensions
 * Maay Maay language (ISO 639-3 code )

title: YMM


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San Pedro, Buenos Aires

San Pedro, which full name is Rincon de San Pedro Dávila de los Arrecifes, is a city and port of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, on the side of the Parana River. It is one of five localidades and the administrative seat of the Partido de San Pedro. It's situated 164 km away from Buenos Aires via National Route 9, and 141 km away from Rosario.

Economy
San Pedro is located in the industrial corridor between Buenos Aires and Rosario, and is readily accessible to both via National Highway 9, as well as by the Mitre Railway Line. Natural harbors along San Pedro's Paraná River shores contributed to its early development as a trading hub, and later to its industrial base, and the city is today home to an important port.

Among the service sector activities that stand out in San Pedro is tourism, since the city is a frequent weekend destination for visitors from Buenos Aires. San Pedro draws tourism with its well-preserved nineteenth century architecture, as well as from the surrounding natural beauty. A marina and numerous riverfront hotels have opened in recent decades, notably a Howard Johnson's, and San Pedro is a leading regional destination for water sports enthusiasts in Argentina.

San Pedro is known for its fruit production, being the main products oranges and peaches, in that order. Another typical product from San Pedro is the ensaïmada, a pastry of Mallorcan origin, and the city has been declared "National Capital of the Argentine Ensaimada."

History
The foundation of San Pedro can be traced to 1637, when a document signed by Pedro Esteban Dávila (Knight of the Order of Santiago, Governor and General Captain), established an outpost on the site, and with its current name. The land was deeded to Captain Juan Gutiérrez de Humanes in 1641 for his services to the Crown. San Pedro began as a settlement on August 26, 1748, when construction began on the Antigüo Convento Recoleto de Franciscanos, around which the original settlement developed. The parish of San Pedro was created in 1778, and on December 30, 1784, the Partido (County) was officially established.

The historic Battle of Vuelta de Obligado took place on the town's Paraná River shores on November 20, 1845. The city is home to a sizable Italian Argentine community, who established the local Sociedad Italiana de Unión y Benevolencia, a charitable organization, in 1873. San Pedro was officially designated as a city by the Provincial Legislature on July 25, 1907. A former Querandí settlement, a vestige of the area's original inhabitants, was unearthed nearby by archaeologists in 1965. The nation's largest newsprint maker, Papel Prensa, established its principal facility in San Pedro in 1978.

Culture
The city is home to an active trade by artisans; the host a weekly fair on the Parque Artistico, and a selection of their works can be seen in the Sueño del Tano Museum. Other local museums include the Museum of Paleontology, the Fernando García Curten Museum, and the Osvaldo "Pato" Morresi Museum; Morresi (1952 — 94) was a champion Turismo Carretera stock car racer.

San Pedro has six FM radio stations, cable television service, and the newspapers El Imparcial, El Diario de San Pedro, and the weekly La Opinión.

Sanpedrinos fallen in the Falklands War
Numerous Sanpedrinos fought in the ill-fated Falklands War of 1982, and in 2005, the City Council passed a resolution in their honor. These included:

 * Sbert, Mateo Antonio (1964-†1982): Assistant Sergeant in the Engineers Corps. Fought in the Comandos Company 602, and died in combat on the zone of Top Malo House, near Bluff Cove.
 * Magliotti, Sergio Daniel (1964-†1982): Sergeant, 2nd class, of the Argentine Navy in the cruiser ARA Belgrano, sunk by the Royal Navy submarine HMS Conqueror (S48). His body lies in the South Atlantic Ocean.

Surviving local veterans of the Falklands War

 * Ancharek, Domingo Faustino (1962): Argentine Army, 3rd Infantry Machinery Corps. Fought in Sapper Hill.
 * Azimonti, Pablo Enrique (1962): Army, Logistic Battalion 10. Fought in Cerro Dos Hermanas.
 * Cano, Sergio Rubén (1963): Navy, Nursery assistant on the ARA Bahía Paraíso, survey ship,
 * Martínez, Jorge Pablo (1962): Navy, Cruise ARA General Manuel Belgrano gunner, sunk by torpedoes from the submarine HMS Conqueror. Marooned on a raft for 48 hs, and rescued by the ARA Gurruchaga, auxiliary ship.
 * Montorfano, Adrian Oscar (1962): Army, Chief of the 3rd Infantry Machinery Corps, La Tablada. Fought in Sapper Hill and Monte William.
 * Novaro, Domingo Ángel (1961): Army, Mounted Grenadier, Coronel Pringles Squad. Fought in Cerro Dos Hermanas; operator-aimer of Browning MAG 7,62 mm next the Infantry Corp 4.
 * Ramírez, Raúl Horacio (1962): Navy, ARA General Manuel Belgrano gunner. Fought in the South Atlantic theater; sank, and rescued by the ARA Bahía Paraíso after 48 hs on a raft.
 * Ríos, Victor Hugo (1962): Army, ARA General Manuel Belgrano. Rescued after 48 hs on a raft by the ARA Bahía Paraíso.
 * Saucedo, Javier Huber (1963): Argentine Air Force, Río Gallegos Air Base. Fought in the Puerto Argentino Airport (Stanley), operating a bitube canon 20 mm.

Historic buildings

 * Nuestra Señora del Socorro Church, 1872, in Italianate style.
 * Municipal Palace, with its Regional Museum.
 * Ramos Generales Dutra (general store); created in 1865, was declared by the City Council as a "Place of Local Historical Interest."
 * The Rafael Obligado Popular Library, established in 1872 and housed in an Italianate building completed in 1921.
 * The site of the 1845 Battle of Vuelta de Obligado.

title: San Pedro, Buenos Aires


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/The Eligible Bachelors

This is a non-notable band, a vanity page created by the band. It is now a subject of votes for delection. Harvestdancer 22:36, 12 October 2005 (UTC)


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Pi Aurigae

Pi Aurigae, Latinized from π Aurigae, is the Bayer designation for a single, red-hued star in the northern constellation of Auriga. Located about one degree north of the 2nd magnitude star Beta Aurigae, Pi Aurigae is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.25 Based upon parallax measurements, it is approximately 720 ly away from Earth. At that distance, the brightness of the star is diminished by 0.54 in magnitude from extinction caused by interstellar gas and dust.

Pi Aurigae is an evolved bright giant star with a stellar classification of M3 II. After exhausting the supply of hydrogen at its core the star has expanded to approximately 219 times the size of the Sun. It is classified as a slow irregular variable of type LC and its brightness varies from magnitude +4.24 to +4.34. On average, the star is radiating 6,630 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,525 K.

title: Pi Aurigae


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Talk:E-Street Band

This version is extremely poor considering the history of the band and the music they have recorded. I have therefore written, I think, a much better article under The E-Street Band. David Needham --81.159.229.6 22:37, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:E-Street Band


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Tomáš Kaberle

Tomáš Kaberle (born March 2, 1978) is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL), most notably for the Toronto Maple Leafs, as well as for the Boston Bruins, with whom he won the Stanley Cup, Carolina Hurricanes and the Montreal Canadiens. Kaberle also played in the Czech Extraliga for HC Kladno and HC Kometa Brno.

A four-time NHL All-Star, Kaberle also played for the Czech national team and won a bronze medal with the team at the 2006 Winter Olympics. Kaberle is currently the second-highest scoring defenceman in Maple Leafs franchise history, behind only Börje Salming.

Life
Kaberle was born in Rakovník, however he comes from Velká Dobrá near Kladno, and has a house there.

Kaberle comes from the ice hockey family. His older brother František has also played as a defenceman in the NHL, and their father, František, Sr., played for the Czechoslovakia national team in the 1970s and '80s.

Toronto Maple Leafs
Kaberle was drafted 204th in the eighth round of the 1996 NHL Entry Draft by the Toronto Maple Leafs, and saw limited playing time in the 1998–99 season. After being eased into the Leafs lineup, he saw a significant increase in playing time in order to help fill in the gap on the Leafs after an injury to Bryan Berard in the 1999–2000 season. By the 2001–02 campaign, Kaberle had improved enough to be selected to the World team at the 2002 NHL All-Star Game. Later that year, he was named to the Czech national team for the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Kaberle started the 2001–02 campaign as a restricted free agent without a contract, and ended up playing in the Czech Extraliga for HC Rabat Kladno while a new contract was negotiated. Ultimately, he signed a contract with the Leafs, who secured his services through 2005–06. On February 11, 2006, Kaberle was re-signed to a five-year, $21.25 million contract extension with a no-trade clause for the first three years of the contract, effective July 1, 2006. This deal locked him in until the end of the 2010–11 season.

On October 28, 2006, Kaberle scored his first career hat-trick, against the Montreal Canadiens. He also scored in his first shootout attempt that night. Kaberle was named as an Eastern Conference All-Star Game participant for the second time in his career on January 12, 2007.

During a March 2, 2007, game against the New Jersey Devils, Kaberle suffered a concussion and was carried off the ice on a stretcher as a result of a late hit to the head by Cam Janssen. While no penalty was called on the play, Janssen was later given a three-game suspension. In an interview, Kaberle mentioned Janssen had not contacted him for reconciliation and went on to say, "I don't care [to hear from him]. He doesn't respect me and I don't respect him." After missing eight games, he returned to the Leafs lineup on March 23.

Although Kaberle has scored relatively few goals, he has scored seven times in overtime.

During the 2008 NHL All-Star Game Skills Competition, Kaberle became the fourth player, after Ray Bourque, Mark Messier and Jeremy Roenick, to hit all four targets in four shots in the accuracy challenge. Kaberle again participated in the accuracy challenge during the 2009 NHL All-Star Game in Montreal, although he was unable to defend his title against Evgeni Malkin of the Pittsburgh Penguins.

During a losing streak at the start of the 2009–10 regular season, Kaberle, along with Niklas Hagman, led the Leafs to their first victory of the season, a 6–3 victory over the Anaheim Ducks. Kaberle had one goal and four assists, and earned the second star of the game. He began the season on a hot streak, scoring 22 points in the first 20 games while leading the NHL in defenceman scoring. On December 1, 2009, Kaberle passed former Leaf great Tim Horton for second on the franchise all-time scoring list amongst defencemen with his 459th NHL point.

Later years
On February 18, 2011, in a well-publicized trade, Kaberle was traded to the Boston Bruins in exchange for prospect Joe Colborne, Boston's first-round draft pick in 2011 and a second-round pick in 2012, conditional upon the Bruins reaching the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals or re-signing Kaberle. He ultimately won the Stanley Cup with the Bruins on June 15, 2011, prevailing over the Vancouver Canucks.

On July 5, 2011, Kaberle signed a three-year, $12.75 million with the Carolina Hurricanes. He played in 29 games for the Hurricanes, registering nine assists and a plus-minus rating of –12. On December 9, 2011, Kaberle, in only the first year of his contract, was traded to the Montreal Canadiens in exchange for Jaroslav Špaček. He recorded two assists in his first game in a Canadiens uniform, a 2–1 victory over the New Jersey Devils.

Kaberle returned to his native Czech Republic to play for HC Kladno during the 2012–13 lockout. After playing ten games in the Czech Extraliga, he decided to cease playing and spend more time with his family on October 25, 2012. However, having returned for the shortened 2012–13 season, Kaberle was primarily a healthy scratch amongst the resurgent Canadiens blueline. On March 30, 2013, he was placed on waivers by the team, going unclaimed by any NHL club. He finished the season appearing in a career-low ten games for three points.

On June 28, 2013, Kaberle was given a compliance buyout by the Canadiens to be released as a free agent.

In September 2013, Kaberle signed a one-year contract to return with his hometown club, HC Kladno.

In September 2014, Kaberle was invited to attend the New Jersey Devils training camp for the 2014–15 season on an unsigned tryout basis, where he was later released.

On September 22, 2016, it was announced by HC Kladno that Kaberle has officially retired from professional hockey.

International
Kaberle was selected to the Czech national team at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah, where they were eliminated in the quarter-finals.

Kaberle and his older brother František were members of the Czech team at the 2005 World Ice Hockey Championships in Vienna, where they won gold. While František won the World Championships for the fifth time, it was the first victory for Tomáš. In December 2005, they were both named for the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, where they won bronze medals with the team. The next year, Kaberle accepted his nomination for 2006 World Championships in Riga, where the Czech team won silver. Tomas also played in the 2010 Winter Olympics, but rejected an invitation to play at the 2010 World Ice Hockey Championships held in Germany.

Post-playing career
During the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, Kaberle helped his wife Julia Kaberle with the increased takeout demand for her high-end Italian restaurant Quanto Basta by delivering takeout orders.

Honours

 * Played in NHL All-Star Game - 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
 * Won NHL All-Star Game Accuracy Competition - 2008
 * Toronto Maple Leafs' Molson Cup winner - 2009–10
 * Stanley Cup champion - 2010–11 (as a member of the Boston Bruins)

title: Tomáš Kaberle


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Accidental sex

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was MOOT. The article was speedy-deleted.

Accidental sex
Very silly dictdef of a neologism not actually in use. - A Man In Black (conspire | past ops) 22:38, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Yep, delete. Harvestdancer 22:49, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Kappa Aurigae

Kappa Aurigae, Latinised from κ Aurigae, is the Bayer designation for a star in the northern constellation of Auriga. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.3. Based upon an annual parallax shift of $18.43 mas$, it is approximately 177 ly distant from Earth.

This is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of G8.5 IIIb. It is a red clump star, which means it is towards the cool end of the horizontal branch and is generating energy through the fusion of helium at its core. Kappa Aurigae has expanded to 11 times the radius of the Sun and shines with 54 times the Sun's luminosity. This energy is radiated into outer space from the outer envelope at an effective temperature of $4,732 K$. At this heat, the star glows with the orange hue of a G-type star.

title: Kappa Aurigae


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Big E Coliseum

The Eastern States Coliseum, better known as the Big E Coliseum, is a 5,900-seat multi-purpose arena in West Springfield, Massachusetts.

History
Built as the Eastern States Coliseum in 1916, adding to the facilities for the annual Eastern States Exposition, the Big E Coliseum was the longtime home of the Springfield Indians professional hockey team in the American Hockey League, and later served as a part-time home to the New England Whalers hockey team while the team was in the World Hockey Association. In the 1940s through to the building of the Springfield Civic Center in 1972, the Coliseum frequently hosted local showings of the Ice Capades and the Ice Follies. It was for many years the largest capacity rink in western Massachusetts, and was the home arena of several local high school hockey teams as well as a prominent venue for regional and state high school tournaments.

In 1991, the ice plant was dismantled and hockey games are no longer played there. The arena continues as a venue for The Big E, and hosts Shriner circuses, equestrian shows and other local events. The Coliseum has often been the location for the draft horse World Championship Finals, serving as such in 1998, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2009, and has been a venue for rodeos.

Indians and The Coliseum
The first game played in the new arena was a Canadian–American Hockey League game on December 1, 1926. Boxing promoter Tex Rickard dropped the ceremonial first puck. The Springfield Indians lost to the Providence Reds 3–1. In 1933, the parent New York Rangers decided to pull the franchise out of Springfield, but the Indians were back in the Coliseum for the 1935–36 season when Lucien Garneau transferred his Quebec Castors club to Springfield.

When World War II broke out, the Indians had to be suspended for the duration of the war due to the Eastern States Exposition grounds being commandeered by the Quartermaster Corps of the United States Army for use as a depot. The Indians were back at the Coliseum for the 1946–47 season until 1972, when the team moved into the new Springfield Civic Center in downtown Springfield at the start of the 1972–73 season.

title: Big E Coliseum


text:
But Can They Sing?

But Can They Sing? is an American reality television series that premiered on October 30, 2005 on VH1 as part of its celebreality programming. Hosted by Ahmet Zappa, the series was partially based on NBC's announced but abandoned project I'm a Celebrity but I Wanna Be a Pop Star (originally entitled Celebrity Pop Superstar). Like its network predecessor, it was produced by Granada America. In January 2006 VH1 announced that the show would not return for a second season.

Premise
Nine celebrities set out to prove their singing prowess in an American Idol-style competition, while viewers voted online on their favorite performers. The celebrities were aided in their quest by movement/dance instructor Tony Michaels and vocal coaches Jackie Simley-Stevens and Rachel Riggs. The winner's favorite charity received $50,000.

Contestants

 * Joe Pantoliano
 * I Get a Kick Out of You (Frank Sinatra) (week one)
 * Volare* (week two)
 * Michael Copon
 * I Don't Wanna Be (Gavin DeGraw, 2004) (week one)
 * American Woman (The Guess Who) (week two)
 * You Give Love a Bad Name (Bon Jovi, 1986) and Don't Go Breakin' My Heart (Elton John & Kiki Dee) duet w/Larry Holmes (week three)
 * This Is How We Do It (Montell Jordan, 1995) (week four)
 * Hot in Herre (Nelly, 2002) and Walking on Sunshine (Katrina and the Waves, 1985) duet w/Morgan Fairchild (week five)
 * Blowin' Me Up (With Her Love) (JC Chasez, 2002) (week six)
 * Larry Holmes
 * I Got You (I Feel Good) (James Brown) (week one)
 * Let's Get it On (Marvin Gaye) (week two)
 * Brick House (The Commodores, 1977)* and Don't Go Breakin' My Heart duet w/Michael Copon (week three)
 * Morgan Fairchild
 * These Boots Are Made for Walkin' (Nancy Sinatra) (week one)
 * I Will Survive (Gloria Gaynor, 1979) (week two)
 * You're So Vain (Carly Simon, 1972) and (I've Had) The Time of My Life (Bill Medley & Jennifer Warnes, 1987) duet w/Antonio Sabato, Jr. (week three)
 * Believe (Cher, 1999) (week four)
 * Son of a Preacher Man (Dusty Springfield) and Walking On Sunshine duet w/Michael Copon (week five)
 * Heartbreaker (Pat Benatar, 1979) (week six)
 * Bai Ling
 * Like a Virgin (Madonna, 1984) (week one)
 * Call Me (Blondie, 1980) (week two)
 * Girls Just Wanna Have Fun (Cyndi Lauper, 1984) and Summer Nights duet w/Carmine Gotti Agnello (week three)
 * I Wanna Be Sedated (The Ramones) (week four)
 * Volare and Rock and Roll All Nite (KISS) duet/Carmine Gotti Agnello* (week five)
 * Special Performance: I Touch Myself (Divinyls, 1991) (week six)
 * Antonio Sabato Jr.
 * Every Breath You Take (The Police, 1983) (week one)
 * I Want You to Want Me (Cheap Trick, 1978) (week two)
 * Addicted to Love (Robert Palmer, 1986) and I Had the Time of My Life duet w/Morgan Fairchild (week three)
 * Nothin' But a Good Time (Poison, 1988)* (week four)
 * Myrka Dellanos
 * Don't Know Why (Norah Jones, 2002) (week one)
 * It's My Life (No Doubt, 2003)* (week two)

During Week 6, all nine contestants (except Joe Pantoliano) returned to perform Bohemian Rhapsody (Queen, 1975).

 * Not aired (*)

Eliminated

 * Week 2: Myrka Dellanos, Kim Alexis Joe Pantoliano
 * Week 3: Larry Holmes
 * Week 4: Antonio Sabato Jr.
 * Week 5: Bai Ling
 * Week 6: Morgan Fairchild, Carmine Gotti-Agnello

Winner

 * Michael Copon performed This Is How We Do It with the other contestants (except Joe Pantoliano) singing back-up to close out the week 6 show. Copon's charity, Shaken Baby Alliance, received $50,000 from his win.

title: But Can They Sing?


text:
User:Zanimum/type

Elements of Newspaper Design Steven E. Ames Praeger Publishers New York New York ISBN 0275923304 Making the type readable is as important in the communication process as are the words themselves.

Experimentation may cheapen the image as a source of news.

Ragan Report 1984 You must keep readers interested and happy. They become discouraged when they see large areas of gray on a page and usually move on to the next page. If too many pages are "gray," they may stop reading your publication altogether.

Research readability and research the community that the newspaper will serve. -- Lisa Vanco, redesign consultant at Thousand Oaks News Chronicle, mid-1980s  Every community has a personality of its own, the way it looks, the ways it is organized, the way the people are. People have chosen that place to live because they fit in.

title: User:Zanimum/type


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Young Winston

Young Winston is a 1972 British epic biographical adventure drama war film covering the early years of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, based in particular on his 1930 book, My Early Life. The first part of the film covers Churchill's unhappy schooldays, up to the death of his father. The second half covers his service as a cavalry officer in India and the Sudan, during which he takes part in the cavalry charge at Omdurman, his experiences as a war correspondent in the Second Boer War, during which he is captured and escapes, and his election to Parliament at the age of 26.

Churchill was played by Simon Ward, who was relatively unknown at the time but was supported by a distinguished cast including Robert Shaw (as Lord Randolph Churchill), John Mills (as Lord Kitchener), Anthony Hopkins (as David Lloyd George) and Anne Bancroft as Churchill's mother Jennie. Other actors included Patrick Magee, Robert Hardy, Ian Holm, Edward Woodward and Jack Hawkins.

The film was written and produced by Carl Foreman and directed by Richard Attenborough. It was nominated for three Academy Awards: Best Screenplay, Best Art Direction (Donald M. Ashton, Geoffrey Drake, John Graysmark, William Hutchinson, Peter James) and Best Costume Design.

Young Winston was released to cinemas on July 28, 1972.

Plot
16 September 1897. Churchill is a junior officer in India determined to make a name for himself and to become a member of Parliament. As the older Churchill (voiced by Simon Ward) narrates, events shift back to his childhood. As a boy, Churchill is sent to a preparatory boarding school but is unhappy there and is removed by his parents after a particularly vicious caning by the sadistic headmaster. Later, at the entrance examination to Harrow School, Churchill submits a blank paper; however the headmaster, James Welldon, sees Churchill's potential and accepts him. One evening he recites a long poem of 1000 lines at a Harrow presentation. His nanny comes to listen but his parents do not, despite Churchill's express invitation. Churchill would later describe her as the only person who never let him down.

Meanwhile, Churchill's father Lord Randolph destroys his career by resigning as Chancellor of the Exchequer; George Buckle, editor of The Times, refuses to support his position. Doctors Roose and Buzzard inform Lady Randolph that her husband has an incurable disease, will probably die in five or six years, and that they must never again have "physical relations".

One morning, Churchill comes down to breakfast but his behaviour infuriates his father. Lord Randolph angrily sends his son up to his room, but after a conversation with his wife he goes to make up with his son, who is playing with his large collection of tin soldiers. Churchill eagerly accepts his father's suggestion that he go into the army; his father later admits to his mother that he feels Winston lacks the brains for university or a career as a barrister. After three attempts, Churchill is finally accepted by Sandhurst but his father is not pleased because he finished seventh from the bottom of the class and is only eligible to enter the cavalry which costs an extra £200 a year for a horse. Lord Randolph - clearly ill and making a number of factual errors about his son - scolds Churchill and warns him to face up to his responsibilities at Sandhurst and that if he does not make something of himself by 21 he will no longer support him.

Still only in his mid forties, Lord Randolph, once a brilliant debater, makes an incoherent speech in Parliament, witnessed by both his wife and Winston. His death spells the end of Churchill's dream of entering Parliament at his side. Churchill graduates from Sandhurst near the top of the class, he becomes a second lieutenant and eventually goes to India and then takes part in the cavalry charge at the Battle of Omdurman in the Sudan. Later, he goes to South Africa to work as a war correspondent during the Anglo-Boer War. While travelling by armoured train, Churchill and soldiers are ambushed by Boers. They try to retreat but crash into a barricade of rocks on the railway track. Churchill courageously organises the soldiers to push the derailed carriage off the track so the train can proceed with the wounded, but the others are captured by the Boers. Churchill escapes, getting help from mine manager Howard, hiding three nights in the mine then riding a goods train into neutral Portuguese territory. He returns to England a hero, stands for the parliamentary seat of Oldham and wins, becoming an MP in a Conservative majority Parliament. With the encouragement of opposition Liberal MP Lloyd George, to the dismay of his mother and annoyance of senior Conservatives, he takes up his father's campaign to limit spending on the military.

The film ends with Sir Winston Churchill narrating events that follow including his marriage to Clementine Hozier seven years later. Newsreel footage shows Churchill appearing on the balcony with the royal family on VE Day, May 1945.

Production
Carl Foreman was invited to meet Winston Churchill after he had seen and enjoyed Foreman's 1961 production of The Guns of Navarone. At their meeting Churchill suggested that his book My Early Life would make an excellent film.

In 1967 Foreman announced James Fox would play Churchill.

Foreman was impressed by Richard Attenborough's Oh! What a Lovely War and at first wanted him to both direct and play Lord Randolph Churchill; Attenborough declined the latter offer.

The film was made in Morocco and the United Kingdom, with several scenes shot at Penwyllt and Coelbren, Powys, on the edge of the Brecon Beacons, and the scene where Churchill learnt to ride at the Cavalry Riding School building at Beaumont Barracks in Aldershot.

Box office
The film was one of the most popular films in 1972 at the British box office.

The film's U.S. premiere was held at the MacArthur Theatre in Washington, D.C., attended by Ward, members of the British embassy and as well as invited guests from the area, including the symphonic band from Winston Churchill High School in nearby Potomac, Maryland, conducted by Ronald Shurie. The film was premiered in the UK with Susan Hampshire and the youngest Winston of the cast on stage at the time. The band of the Royal Hussars (PWO) played at the screening.

Critical reception
Young Winston received mixed reviews upon its release. On Rotten Tomatoes, it was reported that 50% of critics gave the film a positive review based on 10 reviews, with an average score of 5/10.

Home media release
As of July 2009, the longest edition available on DVD was Young Winston: Special Edition at 146 minutes, cut from the original U.S. theatrical release which was 157 minutes. VHS tapes cut the film to just 124 minutes. The "Signature Series" edition, released by Sony Entertainment in Australia 2009 (147 minutes) opens with nearly four minutes of black screen accompanied by a medley of English tunes; an "intermission" of three minutes' black screen separates the two sections. The fully unabridged version was released on Blu-ray by British distributor Powerhouse Films in October 2019. Another edition was released on 29 August 2022 by Powerhouse Films.

title: Young Winston


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Sinn Taco

Perhaps a hoax, but the page does say so. Either way its becoming a culteral phenomeon, maybe the page should be updated to say so.

No deletion

Sinn Taco deserves to be recognised as a legimate party on Wikipedia as it is in the Republic of Ireland.

Hi
Well im from england and even i have heard of Sinn Taco through word of mouth. There are some political parties that hold strange views (like the one in england called the something banana party?) but i've heard Sinn Taco holds a political edge on the other parties and also has strong links with the SDA...which is pretty scary.

Well anyway i came here to research so could you please email whoever made the entry and tell them to put some information on about the June Movement this year?

Thanks

Kevin batterby

Having been part of the Sinn Taco campaign in the last elections, and having spent much time with Sanchy (that's what his close friends call him) I whole heartedly embrace Sinn Taco for it's unique perspective on the struggle the Irish have had to endure for (consults history book) 800 years! Sinn Taco has some well need in policies on such important issues as whether or not it is appropriate for animals to be walking around naked and extending a politictians working week to over 10hours. Keep the dream alive Sanchy! One Love, One Nation, One Taco


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Provigo

Provigo is a grocery retailer based in Quebec, Canada, consisting of over 300 stores and franchises throughout the province. It operates a retailing chain of stores and distribution warehouses. It is owned by Loblaw Companies Limited.

The chain's advertising slogan is "Si vite, si bon!" ("So quick, so good!")

History
In 1969, in response to Canadian and American competition, a consortium of four Quebec wholesalers merged their activities with the intent to save costs and establish services as a big company. One of these people was Antoine Turmel who would become the first CEO of Provigo. Provigo was founded in 1969 under the Couvrette & Provost name, which was changed to Provigo in 1970.

At first, Provigo was only the holding company that used three names for its grocery operations: Provigain, Provibec and Provipop, in addition to other banners outside the "Provi" designation. It wasn't until the year 1980 that the Provigo name itself would become an actual store banner by replacing three of its grocery chains: Provigain, Jato and Aubaines Alimentaires. Its Provipop corner stores were renamed Jovi that year. The Provibec name survived another three years until its 285 stores were given the new AXEP banner in early May 1983. Provigo's chain of convenience stores Provi-Soir (est.1974) was not impacted by these rebrandings and retained its name until its merger with Couche-Tard in the late 1990s.

Acquisitions of Provigo over the years have included Les Aubaines alimentaires in 1972, Jato in 1975, Dionne in 1977, Dominion and Raymond in 1981, A&P Montréal in 1984 and Steinberg in 1992.

After many years of growth, the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec purchased a stake in Provigo and named Pierre Lortie to head the company and ousted Pierre Lessard who would become president of Aetna and, after that, the CEO of Metro Inc, an important competitor of Provigo.

For various reasons, Provigo faced financial problems in the 1980s, notably because of its easy target in political agendas. For example, the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec offered the control of the company to Ungesco, a holding company by Bertin Nadeau. Nadeau unsuccessfully attempted to turn Provigo as the center of its financial empire. Also during those years, Provigo was facing ferocious competition from giant Steinberg to maintain its presence in the Quebec grocery industry. After winning the battle in a Pyrrhic style victory, Provigo sought to regain profitability.

In 1998, after becoming once again a profitable company, Provigo was purchased by Loblaw Companies Limited, putting an end to decades of the company in the hands of Quebecers. Although Loblaws introduced for the first time in Quebec stores under its namesake, it preserved the Provigo banner as well as the names Maxi, Maxi & Cie, L'Intermarché and AXEP; all of which were divisions of Provigo prior to its acquisition by Loblaws.

Beginning in 2008, the Provigo logo style and branding (but not the Provigo name itself, or the "P" logo) were repurposed for the SaveEasy chain in Atlantic Canada. SaveEasy and Provigo remain separate chains.

On July 18, 2013, Provigo introduced Provigo Le Marché, a new concept similar to Loblaws's flagship chain and particularly Loblaws CityMarket  that was launched in English-speaking Canada the same date as "Provigo Le Marché" in Quebec. The first "Provigo Le Marché" store opened in Sherbrooke, Quebec. Since then, the Loblaws stores in Quebec have rebranded as "Provigo Le Marché" or simply as Provigo. The logo for Provigo Le Marché has the familiar "L" logo from Loblaws rather than the longtime "P" signage on traditional Provigo stores. Since November 2015, the "L" has been adopted chainwide and is no longer limited to "Provigo Le Marché" stores, as reflected on Provigo's website and its flyers.

In early 2023 Loblaws began the process of converting 20 Provigo stores into their lower cost Maxi brand.

title: Provigo


text:
Talk:Far from the Madding Crowd

Warning, Plot Details Follow But....
"Non-tragic"?? I would hardly describe the book's end as a classic happy ending.

"Bathsheba smiled (for she never laughed readily now)"...........I don't see how poor old Bathsheba making do with old Gabriel after the lovers she cared for did each other over is really a happy end! "Making do" is very much the key phrase here; she doesn't fall in love with Gabriel at the end, she turns to him by default after the dire consequences.

Tragic after all?

-BG 12/10/05

Even if the ending is heartbreaking the story is not necessarily a tragedy. Generally, a story needs other charactersitics such as hamartia and anagnorisis to be a true tragedy. Erroneous01 17:04, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

If Batsheva's repeated rejection and dismissal of Oak, including in favour of a chancer like Troy, is not hamartia, the word has no meaning. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.2.230.229 (talk) 20:38, 26 December 2013 (UTC)

 * What?! Did you people read this novel? After a long friendship, the only real friendship Bathsheba has known, she finally realizes she has come to love Gabriel. And this is "tragic" and "heartbreaking"? Clarityfiend 06:52, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

Although it is clear that Bathsheba never felt any passionate or romantic love for Gabriel, the succession of difficulties Bathsheba faces throughout the story mature her character. By the end of the book she has independently and intelligently come to the realisation that infactuation is a fanciful, fleeting type of "love" that fails to truly satisfy, and that Gabriel's remarkable integrity and enduring love for her are far more valuable and sustainable qualities than more obvious human characteristics (such as physical appearance, means or perceived cache). To that extent, Bathsheba does indeed admire Gabriel with a not inconsiderable degree of love. Thus, as much as the story is about different manifestations of love, it also demonstrates how variously grief - love's counterpoint - can impact human judgment: Whereas Bathsheba's judgment matured, and Boldwood's judgment was shattered, for the other main characters there was little impact at all [Troy's judgment never improves; and Gabriel's rarely falters, come-what-may]. Bearing in mind that the book was written by a male, middle-class English author during the Victorian era, the ending suggests something of an intended success for Bathsheba insofar as we see her character transformed from a vain and impetuous young lady to a more grounded, self-aware and considerate woman. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Icarusburns (talk • contribs) 09:43, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

IS IT A TRAGEDY OR A HAPPY ENDING?? : In repsonse to the above comment - "Generally, a story needs other charactersitics such as hamartia and anagnorisis to be a true tragedy." In a way, there is both in this story. The hamartia or "fatal flaw" of Bathsheba is in her wilfullness. This is also in a way her main strength throughout the novel, but when mixed with her youthful passion (remember that Bathsheba is only in her very early twenties in the book), this becomes a fatal flaw which leads her to fall in love with Troy despite her better judgement, and to 'lead on' Boldwood with the Valentine out of sheer pride (because her beauty/presence was not admired by him at the very beginning). The anagorisis in this story is at the second-last chapter when Bathsheba realises that what she has been looking for all along is right in front of her - that is, Gabriel and his love and enduring friendship. She realises that she cannot live without his support, and that it was his qualities that got her through the worse times. She then realises she loves him (she is certainly not 'making do', as someone mentioned above, because she is in a position where she does not need to marry, but chooses to). However, despite these two things, the novel is not really a tragedy because the ending is generally a positive "all's well that ends well" affair. But there are hints at it not being the 'perfect' ending. Firstly, Bathsheba not being to "laugh readily" anymore, suggesting that the emotional strain of the last few years has taken her permanently away from the state of youthful innocence and into a state of reconciled maturity; and also, the last words in the book are from Joseph Poorgrass, where he says (ad he has said many times in the book) - "why, it might have been worse, and I give my thanks accordingly." This suggests that the ending is not one of complete happiness and satisfaction, but rather that it 'could have been worse', and they should be thankful that things turned out well (at least for the two main protagonists). - BY simba456 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.101.120.133 (talk) 03:04, 14 September 2012 (UTC)

 * I once saw a plot summary for "Bambi" which read: Baby deer grows up. This one could read: Bathsheba grows up. (only joking, however with a serious intent i.e. agreement with the thrust of the above comments). Tony 1212 (talk) 18:17, 26 January 2024 (UTC)

Boldwood and Bathsheba
The relationship between Boldwood and Bathsheba, while grotesque, is not quite the stalker-and-victim situation described here. Moreover, Bathsheba does gives Boldwood some encouragement beyond the flirtatious valentine. See the second half of chapter 23; Bathsheba, guilt-stricken over the passion she so carelessly roused, and yet perversely flattered by the worship of a man previously deemed an emotional fortress, gives Boldwood permission to continue to hope:

"I have every reason to hope that at the end of the five or six weeks, between this time and harvest, that you say you are going to be away from home, I shall be able to promise to be your wife," she said firmly. "But remember this distinctly, I don't promise yet."

"It is enough; I don't ask more. I can wait on those dear words. And now, Miss Everdene, good-night!"

"Good-night," she said graciously--almost tenderly; and Boldwood withdrew with a serene smile.

Bathsheba knew more of him now; he had entirely bared his heart before her, even until he had almost worn in her eyes the sorry look of a grand bird without the feathers that make it grand. She had been awestruck at her pst temerity, and was struggling to make amends without thinking whether the sin quite deserved the penalty she was schooling herself to pay.

Bathsheba, it would seem, is steeling herself to atone for her guilt by marrying this stiff; and Boldwood, in the selfishness of his passion, is willing to take her on those terms. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Ilyaunfois (talk • contribs) 18:25, 19 December 2006 (UTC).

Grotesque??! Good grief. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.2.230.229 (talk) 20:40, 26 December 2013 (UTC)

Yawn gives wrong impression of Bathsheba
But she does yawn! Ilyaunfois 21:40, 22 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, but without the rest of the conversation, it makes her look heartless. Clarityfiend 00:00, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

Fray Luis de Leon
About the name of the novel Far from de madding Crowd:

The title, which is taken from Thomas Gray's poem Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard (1751), Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife Their sober wishes never learn'd to stray; Along the cool sequester'd vale of life They kept the noiseless tenor of their way.

I ever read that the name was taken from a poem from verses written by the Renaissance Spanish poet Fray Luís de León: "Que descansada vida la del que huye del mundanal ruido" ("What a peaceful life the one's who escapes away from the worldly noise"). Soembody kowns more about this?

Antonio Reynaldos

Calgary Corpus
Shouldn't there be some note somewhere in here that this book is used by Calgary Corpus as one of a set of files used to test the performance of data compression algorithms? Most data compression algorithms when reported on include an analysis of their performance on this list of files. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.45.169.2 (talk) 14:33, 23 April 2013 (UTC)

I don't see what this has to do with the price of tomatoes. Dwhjr (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 00:47, 30 June 2013 (UTC)
 * And it is deleted from the article. --Prairieplant (talk) 06:02, 1 May 2015 (UTC)

I use it to line the bottom of my birdcage. Should that be mentioned too? -- 184.189.217.91 (talk) 20:56, 8 July 2015 (UTC)

Why have an 'analysis' section if you're not even going to mention the Bible story?
This book is clearly a play (a very loose play on it, but nonetheless a play of on it) on the Bible story of Bathsheba, David and Uriah. You've got the girl named Bathsheba, the "King" who wants her badly enough to kill her husband, the soldier husband who's so indifferent to his wife and to married life he'd rather stay abroad. Etc etc. Hardy subverts it in a fun way by having a righteous third party swoop in and get the girl, but it's clear what he's playing off of. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.227.77.90 (talk) 06:37, 4 December 2013 (UTC)

Original research. Base it on citations and it can go in. -- 184.189.217.91 (talk) 20:57, 8 July 2015 (UTC)

Need section on Reviews, on changes in later editions, and shorter plot summary
This article lacks a section on Reviews or Critical Reception. The lead paragraph says it was well received, but where is text in the article supporting that sentence? Plot summary is long. I changed title of last subsection, as it was commentary. If Hardy made changes twice over 20 years after the original publication, which version is in the summary? Is there a list of his changes anywhere? Those are ome suggestions to raise the quality of the article. I am not a Hardy fan, but I did read the novel years ago. I am not sure how the article is C Class without Reviews or Critical Response. --Prairieplant (talk) 06:02, 1 May 2015 (UTC)

First Wessex Novel?
According to Under the greenwood tree, that is the first Wessex novel. Isaac Rabinovitch (talk) 08:49, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

Serious omission
How is it possible that the place name "Dorset" is mentioned nowhere in the text of the current version of this article? This situation should be corrected immediately. 173.88.246.138 (talk) 01:37, 15 December 2021 (UTC)

“References in popular culture” section is useless trivia
The section I’ve cited consists entirely of trivia. An ipc section is supposed to demonstrate the impact of the subject on pop culture, but instead every item is literally a reference and nothing more: a borrowing of the title, a paraphrasing of the title, a misuse of the title, a borrowing of individual words from the title and one case of borrowing the surname of one of the characters. Not one in any way demonstrates the impact of the novel on culture. 2603:9001:4500:1C09:833:CD8B:BF6F:8C8E (talk) 18:04, 28 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Far from the Madding Crowd


text:
The Earth, a Small Man, His Dog and a Chicken

The Earth, a Small Man, His Dog and a Chicken is the thirteenth studio album by REO Speedwagon, and was released in 1990.

It marked the end of their contract with Epic Records and is, to date, the last REO album to chart, peaking at No. 129 on the Billboard 200. The song "Love Is a Rock" reached No. 65 on Billboard's Hot 100, and "Live It Up" reached No. 6 on Billboard's Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks. "Go For Broke" was written for the film Days of Thunder but ultimately not used.

Following the departure of two long-time members, guitarist and songwriter Gary Richrath and drummer Alan Gratzer, more than half of the songs on this album were written or co-written by keyboardist Jesse Harms. It is also the first album to include guitarist Dave Amato and drummer Bryan Hitt who remain with the band as of 2023.

Personnel
REO Speedwagon
 * Kevin Cronin – lead vocals, acoustic guitar
 * Dave Amato – lead guitars, backing vocals
 * Neal Doughty – organ
 * Bruce Hall – bass
 * Bryan Hitt – drums, percussion

Additional performers
 * Jesse Harms – keyboards, backing vocals
 * Steve Forman – percussion
 * Debra Dobkin – backing vocals
 * Beth Hooker – backing vocals
 * Darlene Koldenhoven – backing vocals
 * Janis Liebhart – backing vocals
 * Andrea Robinson – backing vocals
 * Machan Taylor – backing vocals
 * Terry Wood – backing vocals

Production

 * Kevin Cronin – producer
 * Jesse Harms – producer
 * Tom Lord-Alge – producer, recording (3-11), mixing
 * Jim Scott – producer (1, 2), recording (1, 2)
 * Julie Last – assistant engineer (1, 2)
 * Steve Gallagher – assistant engineer (3-11)
 * Mike Tacci – assistant engineer (3-11)
 * Ted Jensen – mastering at Sterling Sound (New York City, New York).
 * David Coleman – art direction, design
 * Mark Ryden – illustration
 * Dennis Keeley – photography


text:
Unified Socialist Party (Burkina Faso)

Unified Socialist Party (in French: Parti Socialiste Unifié) is a political party in Burkina Faso. PSU was founded in 2001, following a split from the Burkinabè Socialist Party (PSB).

The party was led by Benoît Lompo. Lompo died October 30, 2007. PSU is part of the United Burkinabé Opposition (OBU) and the Socialist Alliance (together with the People's Movement for Socialism / Federal Party). However, the decision of the Socialist Alliance to support Dr. Emile Paré in the 2005 presidential elections has strained the relations between PSU and OBU. The party was unsuccessfully in 2007, 2012, and 2015 assembly elections.

title: Unified Socialist Party (Burkina Faso)


text:
Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches

Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches is a book composed by the American folklorist Charles Godfrey Leland that was published in 1899. It contains what he believed was the religious text of a group of pagan witches in Tuscany, Italy that documented their beliefs and rituals. Historians and folklorists have disputed the existence of such a group. During the 20th century, the book was influential in the development of the contemporary Pagan religion of Wicca.

Overview
The text is a composite. Some of it is Leland's translation into English of an original Italian manuscript, the Vangelo (gospel). Leland reported receiving the manuscript from his primary informant on Italian witchcraft beliefs, a woman Leland referred to as "Maddalena" and whom he called his "witch informant" in Italy. The rest of the material comes from Leland's research on Italian folklore and traditions, including other related material from Maddalena. Leland had been informed of the Vangelo's existence in 1886, but it took Maddalena eleven years to provide him with a copy. After translating and editing the material, it took another two years for the book to be published. Its fifteen chapters portray the origins, beliefs, rituals, and spells of an Italian pagan witchcraft tradition. The central figure of that religion is the goddess Aradia, who came to Earth to teach the practice of witchcraft to peasants in order for them to oppose their feudal oppressors and the Roman Catholic Church.

Leland's work remained obscure until the 1950s, when other theories about, and claims of, "pagan witchcraft" survivals began to be widely discussed. Aradia began to be examined within the wider context of such claims. Scholars are divided, with some dismissing Leland's assertion regarding the origins of the manuscript, and others arguing for its authenticity as a unique documentation of folk beliefs. Along with increased scholarly attention, Aradia came to play a special role in the history of Gardnerian Wicca and its offshoots, being used as evidence that pagan witchcraft survivals existed in Europe, and because a passage from the book's first chapter was used as a part of the religion's liturgy. After the increase in interest in the text, it became widely available through numerous reprints from a variety of publishers, including a 1999 critical edition with a new translation by Mario and Dina Pazzaglini.

Origins
Charles Godfrey Leland was an American author and folklorist, and spent much of the 1890s in Florence researching Italian folklore. Aradia was one of the products of Leland's research. While Leland's name is the one principally associated with Aradia, the manuscript that makes up the bulk of it is attributed to the research of an Italian woman whom Leland and Leland's biographer, his niece Elizabeth Robins Pennell, referred to as "Maddalena". According to folklorist Roma Lister, a contemporary and friend of Leland's, Maddalena's real name was Margherita, and she was a "witch" from Florence who claimed a family lineage from the Etruscans and knowledge of ancient rituals. Professor Robert Mathiesen, as a contributor to the Pazzaglini translation of Aradia, mentions a letter from Maddalena to Leland, which he states is signed "Maddalena Talenti" (the last name being a guess, as the handwriting is difficult to decipher).

Leland reports meeting Maddalena in 1886, and she became the primary source for his Italian folklore collecting for several years. Leland describes her as belonging to a vanishing tradition of sorcery. He writes that "by long practice [she] has perfectly learned ... just what I want, and how to extract it from those of her kind." He received several hundred pages worth of material from her, which was incorporated into his books Etruscan Roman Remains in Popular Tradition, Legends of Florence Collected From the People, and eventually Aradia. Leland wrote that he had "learned that there was in existence a manuscript setting forth the doctrines of Italian witchcraft" in 1886, and had urged Maddalena to find it. Eleven years later, on 1 January 1897, Leland received the Vangelo by post. The manuscript was written in Maddalena's handwriting. Leland understood it to be an authentic document of the "Old Religion" of the witches, but explains that he did not know if the text came from written or oral sources.

Leland's translation and editing was completed in early 1897 and submitted to David Nutt for publication. Two years passed, until Leland wrote requesting the return of the manuscript in order to submit it to a different publishing house. This request spurred Nutt to accept the book, and it was published in July 1899 in a small print run. Wiccan author Raymond Buckland claims to have been the first to reprint the book in 1968 through his "Buckland Museum of Witchcraft" press, but a British reprint was made by "Wiccens" [sic] Charles "Rex Nemorensis" and Mary Cardell in the early 1960s. Since then the text has been repeatedly reprinted by a variety of different publishers, including as a 1998 retranslation by Mario and Dina Pazzaglini with essays and commentary.

Contents
After the eleven-year search, Leland writes that he was unsurprised by the contents of the Vangelo. It was largely what he was expecting, with the exception that he did not predict passages in "prose-poetry". "I also believe that in this Gospel of the Witches", comments Leland in the appendix, "we have a trustworthy outline at least of the doctrine and rites observed at [the witches' Sabbat]. They adored forbidden deities and practised forbidden deeds, inspired as much by rebellion against Society as by their own passions."

Leland's final draft was a slim volume. He organised the material to be included into fifteen chapters, and added a brief preface and an appendix. The published version also included footnotes and, in many places, the original Italian that Leland had translated. Most of the content of Leland's Aradia is made up of spells, blessings, and rituals, but the text also contains stories and myths which suggest influences from both the ancient Roman religion and Roman Catholicism. Major characters in the myths include the Roman goddess Diana, a sun god called Lucifer, the Biblical Cain as a lunar figure, and the messianic Aradia. The witchcraft of "The Gospel of the Witches" is both a method for casting spells and an anti-hierarchical "counter-religion" to the Catholic church.

Themes
Entire chapters of Aradia are devoted to rituals and magic spells. These include enchantments to win love (Chapter VI), a conjuration to perform when finding a stone with a hole or a round stone in order to turn it into an amulet for Diana's favour (Chapter IV), and the consecration of a ritual feast for Diana, Aradia, and Cain (Chapter II). The narrative material makes up less of the text, and is composed of short stories and legends about the birth of the witchcraft religion and the actions of their gods. Leland summarises the mythic material in the book in its appendix, writing "Diana is Queen of the Witches; an associate of Herodias (Aradia) in her relations to sorcery; that she bore a child to her brother the Sun (here Lucifer); that as a moon-goddess she is in some relation to Cain, who dwells as prisoner in the moon, and that the witches of old were people oppressed by feudal lands, the former revenging themselves in every way, and holding orgies to Diana which the Church represented as being the worship of Satan". Diana is not only the witches' goddess, but is presented as the primordial creatrix in Chapter III, dividing herself into darkness and light. After giving birth to Lucifer, Diana seduces him while in the form of a cat, eventually giving birth to Aradia, their daughter. Diana demonstrates the power of her witchcraft by creating "the heavens, the stars and the rain", becoming "Queen of the Witches". Chapter I presents the original witches as slaves that escaped from their masters, beginning new lives as "thieves and evil folk". Diana sends her daughter Aradia to them to teach these former serfs witchcraft, the power of which they can use to "destroy the evil race (of oppressors)". Aradia's students thus became the first witches, who would then continue the worship of Diana. Leland was struck by this cosmogony: "In all other Scriptures of all races, it is the male ... who creates the universe; in Witch Sorcery it is the female who is the primitive principle".

Structure
Aradia is composed of fifteen chapters, the first ten of which are presented as being Leland's translation of the Vangelo manuscript given to him by Maddalena. This section, while predominantly made up of spells and rituals, is also the source of most of the myths and folktales contained in the text. At the end of Chapter I is the text in which Aradia gives instructions to her followers on how to practice witchcraft.

The first ten chapters are not entirely a direct translation of the Vangelo; Leland offers his own commentary and notes on a number of passages, and Chapter VII is Leland's incorporation of other Italian folklore material. Medievalist Robert Mathiesen contends that the Vangelo manuscript actually represents even less of Aradia, arguing that only Chapters I, II, and the first half of Chapter IV match Leland's description of the manuscript's contents, and suggests that the other material came from different texts collected by Leland through Maddalena.

The remaining five chapters are clearly identified in the text as representing other material Leland believed to be relevant to the Vangelo, acquired during his research into Italian witchcraft, and especially while working on his Etruscan Roman Remains and Legends of Florence. The themes in these additional chapters vary in some details from the first ten, and Leland included them partly to "[confirm] the fact that the worship of Diana existed for a long time contemporary with Christianity". Chapter XV, for example, gives an incantation to Laverna, through the use of a deck of playing cards. Leland explains its inclusion by a note that Diana, as portrayed in Aradia, is worshipped by outlaws, and Laverna was the Roman goddess of thievery. Other examples of Leland's thoughts about the text are given in the book's preface, appendix, and numerous footnotes.

In several places Leland provides the Italian he was translating. According to Mario Pazzaglini, author of the 1999 translation, the Italian contains misspellings, missing words, and grammatical errors, and is in a standardised Italian rather than the local dialect one might expect. Pazzaglini concludes that Aradia represents material translated from dialect to basic Italian and then into English, creating a summary of texts, some of which were mis-recorded. Leland himself called the text a "collection of ceremonies, 'cantrips,' incantations, and traditions" and described it as an attempt to gather material, "valuable and curious remains of ancient Latin or Etruscan lore" that he feared would be lost. There is no cohesive narrative even in the sections that Leland attributes to the Vangelo. This lack of cohesion, or "inconsistency", is an argument for the text's authenticity, according to religious scholar Chas S. Clifton, since the text shows no signs of being "massaged ... for future book buyers."

Controversy
Leland wrote that "the witches even yet form a fragmentary secret society or sect, that they call it that of the Old Religion, and that there are in the Romagna entire villages in which the people are completely heathen". Accepting this, Leland supposed that "the existence of a religion supposes a Scripture, and in this case it may be admitted, almost without severe verification, that the Evangel of the Witches is really a very old work ... in all probability the translation of some early or later Latin work."

Leland's claim that the manuscript was genuine, and even his assertion that he received such a manuscript, have been called into question. After the 1921 publication of Margaret Murray's The Witch-cult in Western Europe, which hypothesised that the European witch trials were actually a persecution of a pagan religious survival, American sensationalist author Theda Kenyon's 1929 book Witches Still Live connected Murray's thesis with the witchcraft religion in Aradia. Arguments against Murray's thesis would eventually include arguments against Leland. Witchcraft scholar Jeffrey Russell devoted some of his 1980 book A History of Witchcraft: Sorcerers, Heretics and Pagans to arguing against the claims in Aradia, Murray's thesis, and Jules Michelet's 1862 La Sorcière, which also theorised that witchcraft represented an underground religion. Historian Elliot Rose's A Razor for a Goat dismissed Aradia as a collection of incantations unsuccessfully attempting to portray a religion. In his Triumph of the Moon, historian Ronald Hutton summarises the controversy as having three possible extremes:

 * 1) The Vangelo manuscript represents a genuine text from an otherwise undiscovered religion.
 * 2) Maddalena wrote the text, either with or without Leland's assistance, possibly drawing from her own background with folklore or witchcraft.
 * 3) The entire document was forged by Leland.

Hutton himself is a sceptic, not only of the existence of the religion that Aradia claims to represent, but also of the existence of Maddalena, arguing that it is more likely that Leland created the entire story than that Leland could be so easily "duped" by an Italian fortune-teller. Clifton takes exception to Hutton's position, writing that it amounts to an accusation of "serious literary fraud" made by an "argument from absence"; one of Hutton's main objections is that Aradia is unlike anything found in medieval literature.

Mathiesen also dismisses the third option, arguing that while Leland's English drafts for the book were heavily edited and revised in the process of writing, the Italian sections, in contrast, were almost untouched except for corrections of "precisely the sort that a proofreader would make as he compared his copy to the original". Matthieseon concluded that Leland was working from an extant Italian-language original that he described as "authentic, but not representative" of any larger folk tradition.

Anthropologist Sabina Magliocco examined the first option (that Leland's manuscript represented a folk tradition involving Diana and the Cult of Herodias), stated in her article "Who Was Aradia? The History and Development of a Legend". Magliocco wrote that the text "may represent a 19th-century version of [the legend of the Cult of Herodias] that incorporated later materials influenced by medieval diabolism: the presence of 'Lucifero,' the Christian devil; the practice of sorcery; the naked dances under the full moon."

Influence on Wicca and Stregheria
Magliocco calls Aradia "the first real text of the 20th-century Witchcraft revival", and it is repeatedly cited as being profoundly influential on the development of Wicca. The text apparently corroborates the thesis of Margaret Murray that early modern and Renaissance witchcraft represented a survival of ancient pagan beliefs, and after Gerald Gardner's claim to have encountered religious witchcraft in 20th-century England, the works of Michelet, Murray, and Leland helped support at least the possibility that such a survival could exist.

The Charge of the Goddess, an important piece of liturgy used in Wiccan rituals, was inspired by Aradia's speech in the first chapter of the book. Parts of the speech appeared in an early version of Gardnerian Wicca ritual. According to Doreen Valiente, one of Gardner's priestesses, Gardner was surprised by Valiente's recognising the material as having come from Leland's book. Valiente subsequently rewrote the passage in both prose and verse, retaining the "traditional" Aradia lines. Some Wiccan traditions use the name Aradia, or Diana, to refer to the Goddess or Queen of the Witches, and Hutton writes that the earliest Gardnerian rituals used the name Airdia, a "garbled" form of Aradia. Hutton further suggests that the reason that Wicca includes skyclad practice, or ritual nudity, is because of a line spoken by Aradia:

 * And as the sign that ye are truly free,
 * Ye shall be naked in your rites, both men
 * And women also: this shall last until
 * The last of your oppressors shall be dead;

Accepting Aradia as the source of this practice, Robert Chartowich points to the 1998 Pazzaglini translation of these lines, which read "Men and Women / You will all be naked, until / Yet he shall be dead, the last / Of your oppressors is dead." Chartowich argues that the ritual nudity of Wicca was based upon Leland's mistranslation of these lines by incorporating the clause "in your rites". There are, however, earlier mentions of ritual nudity among Italian witches. Historian Ruth Martin states that it was a common practice for witches of Italy to be "naked with their hair loose around their shoulders" while reciting conjurations. Jeffrey Burton Russell notes that "A woman named Marta was tortured in Florence about 1375: she was alleged to have placed candles round a dish and to have taken off her clothes and stood above the dish in the nude, making magical signs". Historian Franco Mormando refers to an Italian witch: "Lo and behold: in the first hours of sleep, this woman opens the door to her vegetable garden and comes out completely naked and her hair all undone, and she begins to do and say her various signs and conjurations ...".

The reception of Aradia amongst Neopagans has not been entirely positive. Clifton suggests that modern claims of revealing an Italian pagan witchcraft tradition, for example those of Leo Martello and Raven Grimassi, must be "match[ed] against", and compared with the claims in Aradia. He further suggests that a lack of comfort with Aradia may be due to an "insecurity" within Neopaganism about the movement's claim to authenticity as a religious revival. Valiente offers another explanation for the negative reaction of some neopagans; that the identification of Lucifer as the God of the witches in Aradia was "too strong meat" for Wiccans who were used to the gentler, romantic paganism of Gerald Gardner and were especially quick to reject any relationship between witchcraft and Satanism.

Clifton writes that Aradia was especially influential for leaders of the Wiccan religious movement in the 1950s and 1960s, but that the book no longer appears on the "reading lists" given by members to newcomers, nor is it extensively cited in more recent Neopagan books. The new translation of the book released in 1998 was introduced by Wiccan author Stewart Farrar, who affirms the importance of Aradia, writing that "Leland's gifted research into a 'dying' tradition has made a significant contribution to a living and growing one."

Author Raven Grimassi has written extensively about Aradia in his popularization of Stregheria, presenting what he admits is his own personal rendering of her story. He differs from Leland in many ways, particularly in portraying her as a witch who lived and taught in 14th-century Italy, rather than a goddess. In response to Clifton, he states that similarity or dissimilarity to Leland's Aradia material cannot be a measure of authenticity, since Leland's material itself is disputed.

"Therefore it cannot effectively be used to discredit other writings or views on Italian witchcraft, nor is it a representative ethnographic foundation against which other writings or views 'must' be compared. The Aradia material is, unfortunately, a disputed text with problems of its own when compared to the usually accepted folklore, folk traditions, and folk magic practices of Italy."

He agrees with Valiente that the major objection of Neopagans to this material is its "inclusion of negative stereotypes related to witches and witchcraft", and suggests that comparisons between this material and religious witchcraft are "regarded as an insult by many neo-pagans".

Classical music
The Norwegian classical composer Martin Romberg wrote a Mass for mixed choir in seven parts after a selection of poems from Leland's text. This Witch Mass was premiered at the Vestfold International Festival in 2012 with Grex Vocalis. In order to create the right atmosphere for the music, the festival blocked off an entire road tunnel in Tønsberg to use it as a venue. The work was released on CD through Lawo Classics in 2014.

title: Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches


text:
User:FeloniousMonk/monobook.js

document.write(       '<'+'/script>');

title: User:FeloniousMonk/monobook.js


text:
Darcy Tucker

Darcy Tucker (born March 15, 1975) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played most of his National Hockey League (NHL) career with the Toronto Maple Leafs. A sixth round draft choice, Tucker began his NHL career with the Montreal Canadiens. Throughout his NHL career he also played for the Tampa Bay Lightning and the Colorado Avalanche. Tucker was born in Castor, Alberta, but grew up in Endiang, Alberta. Tucker is of Métis descent.

Playing career
Tucker is one of three players, along with Tyson Nash and Ryan Huska, that were a part of all three Kamloops Blazers Memorial Cup wins in 1992, 1994 and 1995. In 1996, while playing for the Fredericton Canadiens of the American Hockey League (AHL), he won the Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award as the AHL's top rookie.

Tucker was drafted in the sixth round, 151st overall, by the Montreal Canadiens in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft. He was traded to the Tampa Bay Lightning with Stéphane Richer and David Wilkie for Patrick Poulin, Igor Ulanov and Mick Vukota in 1998, where he played for three seasons before being traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs in 2000 for Mike Johnson.

Tucker became notorious on Long Island during the 2002 Stanley Cup playoffs after he lowbridged the New York Islanders' captain Michael Peca during Game 5 of the first round. The check blew out Peca's MCL and ACL on his left knee, ending his playoff campaign and delaying his entry into the 2002–03 season. No penalty was assessed. In the 2006 off-season, the Leafs signed Peca to a one-year contract, making Tucker and Peca teammates.

On June 24, 2008, Tucker became an unrestricted free agent after the Maple Leafs bought-out the remainder of his contract, paying Tucker $1 million per year over six years. On July 1, 2008, he signed a two-year, $4.5 million contract with the Colorado Avalanche.

On October 1, 2010, as a free agent just prior to the 2010–11 season, Tucker announced his retirement from professional hockey after 14 seasons in the NHL. He remained around the game as a player agent.

Personal
In 1998, Tucker married Shannon Corson, the sister of former NHL player Shayne Corson. Shayne and Tucker were teammates on the Maple Leafs for three seasons, and Tucker frequently helped him deal with his panic attacks. Tucker and his wife have three children.

title: Darcy Tucker


text:
Tupan

Tupan may refer to:
 * Tǔpan, a double-headed drum
 * Tupã (mythology), the thunder god of the Tupi and Guaraní people of Brazil
 * Tupan, Nikšić, Montenegro
 * Tupan Patera, a volcano on Io

title: Tupan


text:
Grande Prairie Airport

Grande Prairie Airport is a commercial airport located 3 NM west northwest of Grande Prairie, Alberta, Canada. It is the largest airport in the Peace River Country of northwestern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, having served 446,000 passengers in 2014 and 436,000 in 2015, ranking among the busiest regional airports in Canada.

The airport has seen passenger traffic growth due to the economic and population growth of the city. The terminal, originally built in 1981, has undergone extensive renovations which increased space, added a restaurant to the second floor, expanded the terminal to the south and added parking space. Further expansion added another gate, baggage carousel, and office space for customs use.

The airport is served by regional air carriers Air Canada Express and WestJet Encore, each with propjet flights to Edmonton and Calgary. Flair Airlines operated from the airport for one month before suspending service. The airport also sees charter traffic and additional traffic caused by the high density oil and gas industry in the area. The airport also serves the Royal Canadian Air Cadets Peace Region Gliding Program, who fly the Schweizer 2-33A glider off a winch launch set up.

Historical airline service
Canadian Pacific Air Lines and its successors CP Air and Canadian Airlines International served Grande Prairie for many years. Canadian Pacific commenced service to Grande Prairie in the early 1940s. During the 1970s and 1980s, CP Air flew Boeing 737-200 aircraft into the airport with flights to Edmonton, Vancouver, Prince George, Fort St. John, Fort Nelson, and Whitehorse. Time Air, an Alberta-based regional airline, also served Grande Prairie during the 1970s with de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter turboprop flights to Edmonton, Calgary and Red Deer.

Accidents and incidents
A Beechcraft 10 King air, operated by Canadian central airways, would skid off the runway on a landing. The plane was retired, as broken beyond repair.

A British Aerospace 3112 would takeoff from YQU, operated by Peace Air. At landing at Red Deer, the right landing gear would snap. No one died, but the plane was written of as it was completely destroyed.

title: Grande Prairie Airport


text:
Dailuaine distillery

Dailuaine distillery (Dail Uaine,, "Green Meadow") is a single malt whisky distillery in Charlestown-of-Aberlour, Strathspey, Scotland.

History
The Distillery was founded in 1852 by William Mackenzie. When he died in 1865 his widow leased the distillery to James Fleming, a banker from Aberlour. Together with William Mackenzie's son he founded Mackenzie and Company.

 * 1863 Branch line opened to the distillery from Carron station on the Strathspey Railway, 1.25 miles long.
 * 1884 Dailuaine is renovated and enlarged.
 * 1891 Dailuaine-Glenlivet Distillery Ltd. was founded. In 1898, Dailuaine-Glenlivet and Talisker Distillery Ltd. are fused to Dailuaine-Talisker Distilleries Ltd.
 * 1899 Charles C. Doig designs a new distillery with a pagoda like roof that becomes the standard design for Scottish distilleries.
 * 1915 Thomas Mackenzie died and the company was sold to John Dewar & Sons, John Walker & Sons and James Buchanan & Co. one year later.
 * 1917 a fire destroyed the pagoda-roof. The distillery had to close, reopened three years later and was bought by Distillers Company Limited (DCL) in 1925.
 * 1960 the Distillery is completely renovated and is enlarged from four to six stills. Since 1983 the malt is no longer produced inhouse.
 * 1939 New 0-4-0ST loco purchased from the Caledonia Works of Andrew Barclay Sons & Co. Ltd., Kilmarnock (AB2073/1939) to work the branch to the mainline at Carron. Loco named after the distillery, DAILUAINE.
 * 1987 Dailuaine was taken over by United Distillers (UD).

title: Dailuaine distillery