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1998 in Australia

The following lists events that happened during 1998 in Australia.

Incumbents

 * Monarch – Elizabeth II
 * Governor-General – Sir William Deane
 * Prime Minister – John Howard
 * Deputy Prime Minister – Tim Fischer
 * Opposition Leader – Kim Beazley
 * Chief Justice – Sir Gerard Brennan (until 21 May), then Murray Gleeson

State and territory leaders

 * Premier of New South Wales – Bob Carr
 * Opposition Leader – Peter Collins (until 8 December), then Kerry Chikarovski
 * Premier of Queensland – Rob Borbidge (until 20 June), then Peter Beattie
 * Opposition Leader – Peter Beattie (until 20 June), then Rob Borbidge
 * Premier of South Australia – John Olsen
 * Opposition Leader – Mike Rann
 * Premier of Tasmania – Tony Rundle (until 14 September), then Jim Bacon
 * Opposition Leader – Jim Bacon (until 14 September), then Tony Rundle
 * Premier of Victoria – Jeff Kennett
 * Opposition Leader – John Brumby
 * Premier of Western Australia – Richard Court
 * Opposition Leader – Geoff Gallop
 * Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory – Kate Carnell
 * Opposition Leader – Wayne Berry (until 20 February), then Jon Stanhope
 * Chief Minister of the Northern Territory – Shane Stone
 * Opposition Leader – Maggie Hickey
 * Chief Minister of Norfolk Island – George Smith

Governors and administrators

 * Governor of New South Wales – Gordon Samuels
 * Governor of Queensland – Peter Arnison
 * Governor of South Australia – Sir Eric Neal
 * Governor of Tasmania – Sir Guy Green
 * Governor of Victoria – Sir James Gobbo
 * Governor of Western Australia – Michael Jeffery
 * Administrator of the Australian Indian Ocean Territories – Ronald Harvey (until 30 October)
 * Administrator of Norfolk Island – Tony Messner
 * Administrator of the Northern Territory – Neil Conn

January

 * 1 January –
 * The body of toddler Jaidyn Leskie is found, more than six months after he went missing.
 * A volunteer New South Wales Rural Fire Service firefighter from Wingello dies and seven others are injured after becoming trapped in their truck while battling a bushfire in the Wingello State Forest.
 * 2 January – A helicopter carrying Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer makes an emergency landing in the Bougainville hinterland after its windscreen is smashed in a bird strike. Downer was travelling to Arawa to meet senior leaders of the Bougainville Revolutionary Army.
 * 5 January –
 * In an address to the American Bar Association in Hawaii, Australia Attorney-General Daryl Williams is criticised by Justice Michael Kirby for failing to defend the High Court of Australia against political attacks especially after the Wik decision.
 * Around 100 staff members are sacked by Mayne Nickless after the company closes its Ipec depot at Campbellfield in Melbourne.
 * 7 January – Prime Minister John Howard declines an offer to meet with British pop group, The Spice Girls.
 * 11 January – Pope John Paul II awards a papal knighthood to Australian media magnate Rupert Murdoch who is officially made a Knight of St. Gregory the Great by the Catholic Church in Los Angeles.
 * 25 January – American tourists Tom and Eileen Lonergan are unintentionally left behind on the Great Barrier Reef after a scuba diving trip.
 * 26 January – In the aftermath of Cyclone Les, the town of Katherine in the Northern Territory begins to be affected by torrential rain causing major flooding which eventually claims the lives of three people.
 * 28 January – Prime Minister John Howard unveils a new plan for training, education and expansion of the Work for the Dole Scheme aimed at easing youth unemployment. Howard's plan is criticised by the president of the Australian Council of Social Service Michael Raper.
 * 29 January – A man opens fire at a real estate agency in the Perth suburb of Mundaring, killing his estranged wife and seriously injuring another staff member as well as a customer before fleeing. He crashes his car and then attempts suicide by shooting himself but was taken to Swan Districts Hospital in a serious condition.
 * 30 January – Prime Minister John Howard visits the flood ravaged town of Katherine in the Northern Territory as flood waters claim their first victim.

February

 * 1 February – Some Sunday newspapers publish a Libra advertisement for ultra-absorbent menstrual pads accompanied by a caption which reads "Katherine could use some of these right now" while also depicting a flooded home. Northern Territory Deputy Chief Minister Mike Reed criticises the ads describing them as "un-Australian" and calls on the company to apologise. General manager of Sancellar Pty Ltd, the makers of Libra products, unreservedly apologises and commits $25,000 for the town's Red Cross appeal.
 * 2 – 13 February – Constitutional Convention is held to decide which model of republic should be put before the people of Australia in a referendum. The model chosen is one where the president is chosen by a joint sitting of both houses of parliament
 * 4 February – The Federal Government gives short-term credit insurance to exporters to Indonesia to counter-act the effect of Indonesia's economic problems.
 * 5 February – High Court of Australia judge Ian Callinan is accused of bias in the High Court challenge of the Hindmarsh Bridge.
 * 21 February – Elections in the ACT re-elect the Liberal Party government of Kate Carnell. It would be the last State or Territory election that the Liberal Party have managed to form government after until the Western Australia state election in September 2008.
 * 23 February–March – After generator breakdowns at four major coal-fired power stations, rolling blackouts hit the city of Brisbane and much of South-East Queensland.

March

 * 3 March – Federal Speaker of the House of Representatives Bob Halverson resigns.
 * 8 March – New South Wales Premier Bob Carr opens the Olympic Park Station on the new rail link between Sydney and the site for the 2000 Olympics.
 * 12 March – The Federal Opposition alleges that Mining and Resources Minister Warwick Parer increased his ownership of a mining company during the first year of the Howard Government's office.
 * 16 March – Prime Minister John Howard pledges a $50 million crime database investment if the Liberal Party is re-elected.
 * 17 March – The Federal Government announces sweeping reforms to business rules to attract overseas companies to Australia.

April

 * 2 April – Prime Minister John Howard pledges $270 million to keep the aged in their own homes and win back their support.
 * 7 April – 3 June – Patrick Corporation sacks 2,000 dock workers to try to improve efficiency on the waterfront. In response, the Maritime Union of Australia stages possibly the largest industrial dispute Australia has ever seen. In the end, the jobs are restored to the workers in exchange for improvements in efficiency.
 * 25 April –
 * Prime Minister John Howard joins former prisoners of war in a ceremony at Hellfire Pass in Thailand, paying tribute to those who died building the Thai-Burma railway.
 * After attending that morning's Anzac Day commemorations, 16-year-old Air Force Cadet Rachel Antonio goes missing from the North Queensland town of Bowen after being dropped off at the local cinema to see an evening movie.

May

 * 5 May – Fires caused by unsafe fuel hoses aboard the replenishment ship HMAS Westralia kill four people.
 * 14 May – Prime Minister John Howard cuts defence ties and suspends all but the most vital humanitarian aid to India after the country carries out two more nuclear tests.
 * 18 May – The value of the Australian dollar slumps to 62 and a quarter US cents, its lowest level in 12 years. In a radio interview, Prime Minister John Howard attributes the fall in value on "poorly informed, economically illiterate money market people on the other side of the world".
 * 22 May – The Federal Court of Australia blocks construction of the Jabiluka uranium mine, granting to the traditional owners of the land a temporary injunction against work on the mine entrance.
 * 24 May –
 * Prime Minister John Howard opens the new Central Synagogue in Sydney to replace the former synagogue which burnt down in 1994.
 * Christopher Skase's passport is seized by Spanish officials and cancelled. Skase applies for a renewal of his Spanish residency, which expired on 13 May and the Federal Government asks Spanish authorities to refuse the application, hoping it will force him home.
 * 26 May – The first National Sorry Day is observed, on the first anniversary of the tabling of the report Bringing them Home which was the result of an inquiry into the removal of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families (the Stolen Generation).  The day was held annually until 2004.  It was renamed National Day of Healing from 2005.
 * 27 May – The Australian Labor Party criticises the Queensland Coalition Government for its decision to put Pauline Hanson's One Nation party ahead of the Labor Party on how to vote papers for the upcoming Queensland State Election.
 * 30 May – Prime Minister John Howard expresses Australia's concern about Pakistan's nuclear tests.

June

 * 1 June – The Terminus Hotel in Wodonga, Victoria, burns down.
 * 13 June – The Queensland state elections depose the ruling National Party government of Rob Borbidge & elect a minority ALP government, led by Peter Beattie. Pauline Hanson's One Nation scored 23% of the vote & 11 seats, leading to anti-racism protests & four former Prime Ministers to sign an open letter rejecting racism.
 * 26 June 1998 – While awaiting trial on child sex charges, former New South Wales state MP and former mayor of Wollongong Frank Arkell is murdered by Mark Valera. In 2000, Valera is found guilty of murdering Arkell and David O'Hearn and sentenced to two term of life imprisonment.
 * 30 June – The Mercy Hospital in Albury, New South Wales, closes down its maternity unit. From 1 July, all babies are now born at the Wodonga Hospital in Wodonga, Victoria.

July

 * 11 July – The Telstra sale bill is defeated in the Senate. Prime Minister John Howard states the full sale of Telstra is still on the agenda for the next election.
 * 15 July – Prime Minister John Howard stands firm against a Coalition backbench revolt on the full sale of Telstra. Howard informs Parliament that the Government is committed to the Telstra sale.
 * 21 July – Federal Treasurer Peter Costello admits he has been approached to challenge John Howard for the leadership of the Liberal Party. Talk of the challenge overshadows a Cabinet meeting in regional Victoria.
 * 21 July – 5 September – A rapidly evolving water crisis occurs in Sydney, due to the suspected contamination of the microscopic pathogens cryptosporidium and giardia in the water supply, prompting authorities to instruct residents to boil all their tap water before using it.
 * 22 July – The Federal Government bows to the mounting pressure from backbenchers and rural voters by placing a 49% cap on the sale of Telstra.
 * 26 July – Premier Bob Carr promises to help the victims of flooding in Narrabri, Wee Waa and Gunnedah with the damage bill expected to top $100 million.

August

 * 13 August – The Coalition Tax Reform Package is launched and includes a 10 percent GST with the proceeds to be distributed to the states. Income tax will be lowered and the wholesale sales tax abolished, along with certain taxes on financial transactions.
 * 16 August – Silk-Miller police murders: Two Victoria Police officers, Gary Michael Silk, 34, and Rodney James Miller, 35, are murdered in Moorabbin, Victoria.
 * 17 August – Illawarra floods
 * 29 August – The Liberal Party government of Tony Rundle is voted out in Tasmania & replaced with an ALP government of Jim Bacon.
 * 31 August – President of Ireland, Mary McAleese arrives in Perth to begin an 11-day visit to Australia.

September

 * 17 September – Prime Minister John Howard is involved in a heated off-air exchange with ABC staff in Perth following a radio interview on 720 6WF in which he is asked by Mornings presenter Verity James about whether a GST would affect the price of heroin. An angry Howard states: "The suggestion that in some way the GST is linked to heroin is just about the most bizarre thing I've heard and I want an apology from the ABC without qualification, and I expect to get it." Both James and the state manager of the ABC in Western Australia Steve Altham unreservedly apologise to Howard in a letter, where they admitted a mistake had been made after briefing material had been misread. ABC managing director Brian Johns later states the incident was regrettable.
 * 23 September – Federal Opposition Leader Kim Beazley launches Labor's election policy at the Brisbane Convention Centre, promising funding to a new jobs plan. Prime Minister John Howard dismisses Mr. Beazley's job target as unrealistic.
 * 25 September – A fire at Esso's Longford plant killed 2, injured 8 & left most of Victoria without gas for two weeks. Hundreds of businesses were affected.

October

 * 3 October – With the help of One Nation preferences, John Howard's Liberal/National coalition government is re-elected in the federal election.

November

 * 6 November – The City of Rockhampton, the first of Queensland Rail's Electric Tilt Trains enters service, leading to the eventual demise of the Spirit of Capricorn.
 * 12 November – State Premiers and Territory Chief Ministers meet in Canberra with Prime Minister John Howard to discuss the sharing of funds from a goods and services tax.
 * 15 November – Prime Minister John Howard arrives in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia for the APEC Conference.
 * 20 November – The High Court of Australia decides to allow uranium mining to proceed at Jabiluka in the Northern Territory.
 * 29 November – Prime Minister John Howard joins in celebrations to mark the 50th anniversary of the first Holden motor car.

December

 * December – A man posts 28 mail bombs at a Canberra post office after losing a legal battle with the Australian Taxation Office which had been going since 1994. One of the bombs explodes, injuring two workers.
 * 1 December – The Federal Government rejects an attempt by UNESCO to suspend construction of the Jabiluka uranium mine pending a further environmental impact report.
 * 2 December – The Linton bushfire kills five volunteer firefighters in Linton, Victoria.
 * 4 December – Colin Dunstan, aged 43, is arrested for the tax office mail bomb campaign.
 * 14 December – New South Wales Premier Bob Carr opens extra lanes on the road the runs from Penrith to Strathfield.
 * 19 December – A fire breaks out at the Country Comfort hotel in Albury, New South Wales, spreading up to the top floor.
 * 20 December – Christopher Skase is rushed to a Majorca hospital just days after a Spanish court lifts an order preventing his deportation.

Full date unknown

 * The Wiggles re-release three videos after the video release of The Wiggles Movie, including Yummy Yummy, Wiggle Time, and Wiggledance!. However, Yummy Yummy and Wiggle Time contains new footage, as they have been re-recorded, Wiggledance! cuts out the song "Vini Vini".
 * Wilkins Farago book publishing house is founded in Melbourne.

Arts and literature

 * Peter Carey (novelist) won the Miles Franklin Award for Jack Maggs

Film

 * 2 May – Fox Studios Australia opens in Sydney on the site of the former Sydney Showgrounds.
 * 20 August – The Interview
 * 10 December – Babe: Pig in the City

Television

 * 16 February – Long running British preschool series Teletubbies premieres on ABC.
 * 27 March – Darwin finally gets a second commercial television station when TND-34 opens, taking a Seven Network affiliation.
 * WIN Television WA is granted a licence to broadcast to regional & remote Western Australia to commence transmission in 1999.
 * 27 November – After 25 years, The Midday Show is axed by the Nine Network.
 * 5 October – Pokémon begins on Network Ten.
 * December – The remote Central & Eastern Australia markets are aggregated, with Imparja taking a Nine Network affiliation & Seven Central (formerly QSTV) taking a joint Seven & Network Ten affiliation.

Australian rules football

 * 26 September – The Adelaide Crows (15.15.105) defeat North Melbourne (8.22.70) to win the 102nd VFL/AFL premiership.
 * The Brownlow Medal is awarded to Robert Harvey of St Kilda
 * The Leigh Matthews Trophy is awarded to Wayne Carey of North Melbourne
 * The Coleman Medal is awarded to Tony Lockett of Sydney Swans
 * The Norm Smith Medal is awarded to Andrew McLeod of Adelaide Crows
 * The AFL Rising Star award is awarded to Byron Pickett of North Melbourne
 * The Wooden Spoon is 'awarded' to Brisbane

Soccer

 * 16 May – South Melbourne become Australian Champions for the third time in their history, beating newly formed Carlton SC in the National Soccer League Grand Final at Olympic Park, 2-1. The game is marred by brawling soccer fans who invade the playing arena, throw flares and rip up seating prompting Victoria Police to consider increasing police presence and introducing CCTV to monitor crowd behaviour for future games at the venue.

Rugby league

 * 13 March – The NRL competition kicks off, with the South Sydney Rabbitohs upsetting the Auckland Warriors 24–18 at Ericsson Stadium.
 * 14 March – In their first match, the Melbourne Storm upset the Illawarra Steelers 14–12 at WIN Stadium. The Storm go on to have a remarkable debut season, going within one game of the grand final.
 * 24 April – The Kangaroos play their first 'full-fledged' international match in four years as they play the Kiwis who defeat Australia 22–16.
 * 12 June – Rugby league rocked by drugs scandal. Three Newcastle Knights players test positive, as do one Melbourne player & a Western Suburbs player.
 * 23 September – The St. George Dragons & the Illawarra Steelers announce they will form the game's first joint venture team, the St George Illawarra Dragons.
 * 27 September – Minor premiers the Brisbane Broncos defeat the Canterbury Bulldogs 38–12 to win the 91st NSWRL/ARL/NRL premiership. Gordon Tallis is awarded the Clive Churchill Medal. It is the first premiership held under the NRL name & the last grand final to be played at the Sydney Football Stadium (now Aussie Stadium). It is also the second consecutive premiership for the Broncos following their success in the 1997 Super League. The Western Suburbs Magpies finish in last position on points difference and points against, claiming the wooden spoon.
 * 1 & 3 December – The Adelaide Rams & the Gold Coast Chargers are eliminated from the NRL competition for 1999.

Cricket

 * 16 October – Mark Taylor equals Don Bradman's record of 334 in a test match against Pakistan. However, unlike Bradman, Taylor is not out & declares the innings closed when he reaches that score.
 * 9 December – Shane Warne & Mark Waugh publicly confess to accepting money from an Indian bookmaker when the Australian cricket team was on tour in Pakistan & Sri Lanka in 1994.

Swimming

 * 8 to 17 January – The 8th FINA World Championships are held in Perth. Ian Thorpe wins his first gold medal at a major meet in the 400m freestyle. Human growth hormone was found in a Chinese swimmer Yuan Yuan's bag at Sydney Airport, resulting in her deportation.

Motor sport

 * 8 March – Finnish driver Mika Häkkinen wins a controversial Australian Grand Prix ahead of McLaren teammate Scot David Coulthard after Coulthard moved over and allowed Häkkinen to take the race lead in the closing stages of the race.
 * 4 October – Mick Doohan riding a Honda NSR500 won his third and final Australian motorcycle Grand Prix at the Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit. The win secured Doohan's fifth consecutive World Championship victory.
 * 4 October – Jim Richards and Swede Rickard Rydell win the Bathurst 1000 in their TWR prepared Volvo S40, defeating Richards' son Steven Richards and Brit Matt Neal in a Nissan Primera by the smallest competitive margin in the races history. It was Richards' sixth Bathurst victory.
 * 8 November – Finnish driver Tommi Mäkinen won his second Rally Australia driving a Mitsubishi Lancer.
 * 15 November – Jason Bright and Steven Richards in a Ford Falcon take victory in the Bathurst Classic, the first major victory for Stone Brothers Racing team.

Commonwealth Games

 * September – Australia comes home with a record 199 medals, 80 of them gold from the 1998 Commonwealth Games held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Netball

 * 7 August – The Adelaide Thunderbirds defeat the Sydney Swifts 48–42 in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy netball grand final

Horse racing

 * 3 November – Jezabeel wins the Melbourne Cup.

Miscellaneous

 * 19 February – Zali Steggall wins bronze in the women's slalom at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. It is Australia's first ever individual Winter Olympic medal.
 * 13 March – First day of the Australian Track & Field Championships for the 1997–1998 season, which are held at the Olympic Park in Melbourne, Victoria. The 10,000 metres was conducted at the Zatopek Classic, Melbourne on 18 December 1998 and the men's decathlon event was staged at the Hobart Grand Prix on 21 – 22 February.
 * 1 June – Susie Maroney becomes the first person to swim from Mexico to Cuba, setting a new world distance ocean swimming record.
 * 12 July – Greg Lyons wins the men's national marathon title, clocking 2:17:00 in Brisbane, while Lisa Dick claims her second women's title in 2:36:54.
 * 26 December – The 1998 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race begins with warnings of a severe storm expecting to produce 40-knot winds, rain and mountainous swells during the first night. An hour after the starter's gun, the Bureau of Meteorology issues a priority storm warning for coastal waters south of Merimbula, which is expected to produce gales of up to 55 knots the following day. Despite the warnings, the race continues which results in six fatalities, the destruction of five yachts and the rescue of 55 sailors.

Births

 * 1 January – Lara Robinson, actress
 * 2 January – Jake Clifford, rugby league player
 * 14 January – Maddison Inglis, tennis player
 * 15 January – Alexandra Eade, artistic gymnast
 * 16 January
 * Cameron Murray, rugby league player
 * Jai Whitbread, rugby league player
 * 17 January – Sophie Molineux, cricketer
 * 5 February – Sara Tomic, tennis player
 * 12 February – Bilal Maarbani, rugby league player
 * 17 February – Harry Grant, rugby league player
 * 24 February – Tom Highmore, Australian Rules footballer
 * 12 March – Jordan Jansen, singer
 * 14 March – Victor Radley, rugby league player
 * 30 March – Kalyn Ponga, rugby league player
 * 1 April – Isabella Bliss, chef
 * 3 April – Max Purcell, tennis player
 * 16 April – Jordana Beatty, actress
 * 22 April – Reed Mahoney, rugby league player
 * 29 April – Kimberly Birrell, German-born Australian tennis player
 * 30 April
 * Oliver Anderson, tennis player
 * Olivia DeJonge, actress
 * 10 May – Priscilla Hon, tennis player
 * 25 may – Andrew Lambrou, singer
 * 27 May – Brittany O'Brien, diver
 * 9 June – Moses Suli, rugby league player
 * 24 July – Bindi Irwin, television presenter
 * 1 August – Pasami Saulo, rugby league player
 * 5 August – Adam Doueihi, rugby league player
 * 15 August – Gulliver McGrath, actor
 * 19 August – Salesi Junior Fainga'a, rugby league player
 * 21 August – Sean O'Sullivan, rugby league player
 * 1 September – Emily Condon, footballer
 * 2 September – Gehamat Shibasaki, rugby league player
 * 9 September – Alexander Brimson, rugby league player
 * 19 October – Enari Tuala, rugby league player
 * 29 October – Kotoni Staggs, rugby league player
 * 3 November – Maddison Elliott, swimmer
 * 18 November – Nick Cotric, rugby league player
 * 8 December – Shai Bolton, Australia Rules footballer

Deaths

 * 1 January – Lionel Long, singer and actor (b. 1939)
 * 16 January – Alphonse Gangitano, underworld criminal (b. 1957)
 * 22 January – Chilla Christ, cricketer (b. 1911)
 * 25 February – B. A. Santamaria, political activist and journalist (b. 1915)
 * 15 March – Afferbeck Lauder, author (b. 1911)
 * 28 April – Mum Shirl, Indigenous activist (b. 1924)
 * 13 June – Kathleen Funder, social scientist and researcher (b. 1941)
 * 26 June – Frank Arkell, politician and accused paedophile (b. 1935)
 * 17 July –
 * Marc Hunter, singer, songwriter and record producer (born in New Zealand) (b. 1953)
 * Adam Wright, rugby league player (b. 1974)
 * 2 September – Tommy J. Smith, racehorse trainer (b. 1916)
 * 4 September – Elizabeth Kata, author (b. 1912)
 * 9 October – Ian Johnson, cricketer (b. 1917)
 * 21 November – Sir Otto Frankel, geneticist (born in Austria) (b. 1900)

title: 1998 in Australia


text:
Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad

Abū Bakr ibn Muḥammad (أبو بكر بن محمد), reigned 1525–1526, was a sultan of the Sultanate of Adal in the Horn of Africa. The historian Richard Pankhurst credits Abu Bakr with founding the city of Harar, which he made his military headquarters in 1520. He was of Harari background.

Reign
Abu Bakr organized Somali troops, then attacked the popular leader of Adal emir Garad Abun Adashe and killed him subsequently moving the capital of Adal Sultanate to Harar city. However, a power struggle with Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi would ensue, who eventually defeated Abu Bakr and killed him. The Imam then made Abu Bakr's younger brother, Umar Din, the new sultan, although the latter only reigned as a puppet king.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad


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Willow Glen High School

Willow Glen High School is a public high school in the Willow Glen neighborhood of San Jose, California, within the San Jose Unified School District.

Athletics
Willow Glen High School has a swimming pool, a basketball court/gym and weight training room, a mini-gym that serves as a wrestling area, a baseball field, a softball field, a multi-purpose track and turf area, a sand volleyball court, and tennis courts.

Willow Glen High School Boys' Volleyball won a CCS Championship in 2009, one of the first public schools to do so in that CCS division. Also, in 2010, Willow Glen High School Football won a CCS Championship against Sequoia High School. From 1972 to 1980, the boys' basketball team was coached by the notable collegiate coach Bob Burton. Willow Glen's Baseball team won a CCS championship in 2013. The Willow Glen boys' cross country team won the Division 2 CCS championship in 2010 for the first time in twenty-six years, winning again in 2019. Willow Glen girls' cross country team won the Division 3 CCS Championship in 2022 for the first time ever, and placed 5th that year at the CIF state championship meet in Woodward Park.

Performing Arts
Willow Glen High School offers music and drama courses.

Notable alumni

 * Bob Berry, NFL quarterback for 12 seasons, class of 1960
 * Anthony Canzano, Professional baseball player, class of 1965
 * Jeffrey Foskett, guitarist and singer for The Beach Boys
 * Holly Hallstrom, model on The Price Is Right
 * Eric Kretz, drummer for the Stone Temple Pilots
 * Julio Morales, professional soccer player
 * Sal Maccarone, Sculptor/Author
 * Ann Ravel, attorney and public servant
 * Steve Sordello, LinkedIn CFO, Class of 1987
 * Nick Jennings, director, artist, writer, producer
 * Herschel “Guy” Beahm IV, Dr.Disrespect, YouTube Streamer

title: Willow Glen High School


text:
Shantungosaurus

Shantungosaurus (meaning "Shandong Lizard") is a genus of very large saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur found in the Late Cretaceous Wangshi Group of the Shandong Peninsula in China, containing a single species, Shantungosaurus giganteus. The stratigraphic interval of Shantungosaurus ranges from the top of the Xingezhuang Formation to the middle of the Hongtuya Formation, middle to late Campanian in age. Shantungosaurus is so far the largest hadrosauroid taxon in the world, with size estimates around 15 - 17 m in length and 13 - 16 MT in body mass.

History of discovery
First described in 1973, Shantungosaurus is known from over five incomplete skeletons. Chinese scientist Xing Xu and his colleagues indicate that Shantungosaurus is very similar to and shares many unique characters with Edmontosaurus, forming a node of an Edmontosaurus–Shantungosaurus clade between North America and Asia, based on the new materials recovered in Shandong. Remains of several individuals, including skull bones, limb bones, and vertebrae, were found in Shandong, China. These specimens were classified in the new genus and species Zhuchengosaurus maximus in 2007. However, further study showed that the supposedly distinct features of Zhuchengosaurus were simply a result of different growth stages.

Description
Shantungosaurus giganteus is one of the largest known ornithischians. The type skull is 1.63 m long, and the composite skeleton mounted at the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences in Beijing measures 14.7 m in length. Another mounted skeleton, originally referred to as Zhuchengosaurus maximus, measures 16.6 m in length. The largest individuals may have weighed as much as 16 t. In 2012, Butler and Barrett estimated its maximum length up to 17 m. In 2016, Gregory S. Paul suggested that previous studies have overestimated the size of this dinosaur, moderating it at 15 m in length and 13 MT in body mass, which still makes this dinosaur the largest hadrosaur. Like all hadrosaurs its beak was toothless, but its jaws were packed with around 1,500 tiny chewing teeth. A large hole near its nostrils may have been covered by a loose flap of skin, which could be inflated to make sounds.

Classification
Recent maximum parsimony-based phylogenetic analyses of Hadrosauroidea from Xing and colleagues recovered a stable sister group relationship between Edmontosaurus and Shantungosaurus. Shantungosaurus is the single hadrosaurid from the Zhucheng area that is considered valid. Zhuchengosaurus and Huaxiaosaurus, both of which are known from the same region, have been interpreted by the analyses as junior synonyms of Shantungosaurus. All unequivocal morphological discrepancies among these three taxa could be attributed to intraspecific variation (ontogenetic and polymorphic variation) and post-depositional distortion.

The following cladogram is the result of Prieto-Márquez et al. in 2016. It shows the position of Shantungosaurus as sister group of Edmontosaurus in the Edmontosaurini clade:

title: Shantungosaurus


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Tetraoxygen

The tetraoxygen molecule (O4), also called oxozone, is an allotrope of oxygen consisting of four oxygen atoms.

History
Tetraoxygen was first predicted in 1924 by Gilbert N. Lewis, who proposed it as an explanation for the failure of liquid oxygen to obey Curie's law. Though not entirely inaccurate, computer simulations indicate that although there are no stable O4 molecules in liquid oxygen, O2 molecules do tend to associate in pairs with antiparallel spins, forming transient O4 units. In 1999, researchers thought that solid oxygen in its ε-phase, also known as red oxygen, (at pressures above 10 GPa) was O4. However, in 2006, it was shown by X-ray crystallography that this stable phase is in fact octaoxygen. Nevertheless, positively charged tetraoxygen has been detected as a short-lived chemical species in mass spectrometry experiments.

Structure
Theoretical calculations have predicted the existence of metastable O4 molecules with two different shapes: a "puckered" square like cyclobutane or S4, and a "pinwheel" with three oxygen atoms surrounding a central one in a trigonal planar formation similar to boron trifluoride or sulfur trioxide. It was previously pointed out that the "pinwheel" O4 molecule should be the natural continuation of the isoelectronic series Borate, Carbonate, Nitrate, and analogous to SO3; that observation served as the basis for the mentioned theoretical calculations.

In 2001, a team at the University of Rome La Sapienza conducted a neutralization-reionization mass spectrometry experiment to investigate the structure of free O4 molecules. Their results did not agree with either of the two proposed molecular structures, but they did agree with a complex between two O2 molecules, one in the ground state and the other in a specific excited state.

Absorption bands of O4 e.g. at 360, 477 and 577 nm are frequently used to achieve aerosol inversions in atmospheric optical absorption spectroscopy. Due to the known distribution of O2 and therefore also O4, O4 slant column densities can be used to retrieve aerosol profiles which can then be used again in radiative transfer models to model light paths.

title: Tetraoxygen


text: User talk:68.239.10.18

title: User talk:68.239.10.18


text: User talk:81.76.44.185

title: User talk:81.76.44.185


text:
Elden Henson

Elden Henson (born Elden Ryan Ratliff, August 30, 1977) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Fulton Reed in The Mighty Ducks trilogy (1992–1996), Foggy Nelson in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) streaming television series Daredevil (2015–2018), The Defenders (2017), Jessica Jones and Luke Cage (both 2018), and Pollux in The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 1 (2014) and Part 2 (2015).

Early life
Elden Ryan Ratliff was born August 30, 1977, in Rockville, Maryland, to Sayde Henson, an educator and former photographer, and George Ratliff, a former New York theater actor. He has two brothers, actors Garette Ratliff Henson (who appeared in The Mighty Ducks with Elden) and Erick Ratliff (who, like Elden, appeared in Elvis and Me). From his father's second marriage, he has a younger half-brother, Ellington Ratliff, who is a member of the band R5.

Henson grew up in Burbank, California. A child actor, he started acting in commercials at age six and booked a series of film and television roles by age ten. Henson attended John Burroughs High School in Burbank, after which he briefly attended Emerson College.

Career
Henson's first professional work was as a print model when he was a toddler. During this time, he was signed to the children's division of Fords Models. By age six, he was acting in commercials. He received his SAG card in 1982. Over the following decade, he acted in films including 1988's Elvis and Me and 1989's Turner & Hooch, and had a series of guest roles on television.

From 1992 to 1996, Henson played Fulton Reed in all three films in The Mighty Ducks trilogy: The Mighty Ducks (1992), D2: The Mighty Ducks (1994) and D3: The Mighty Ducks (1996). He told TV Guide that he owes "a lot of [his] career" to those films. "What's funny is I still, more than anything, get recognized for The Mighty Ducks. I love it. When I was younger, I would get embarrassed. I played sports growing up and I'd be playing baseball and the other team would be quacking at me and stuff. I love those movies. I feel like these things come once in a lifetime and to experience this stuff as a kid and as an adult, I just feel really lucky."

In his early twenties, he had supporting roles in films like The Mighty, She's All That, Idle Hands, O, Dumb and Dumberer: When Harry Met Lloyd, and The Butterfly Effect. He had starring roles in the 1999 TV movie Gift of Love: The Daniel Huffman Story and the 2003 film The Battle of Shaker Heights. During this time, Henson also ran a film production company, Roulette Entertainment, with fellow actor Josh Hartnett. In the late 2000s, he appeared in movies including Lords of Dogtown and Deja Vu, and also made guest appearances on a variety of television shows, including a four-episode arc on the CBS series Smith.

Henson portrayed Apple Computer engineer Andy Hertzfeld in the 2013 biopic Jobs. In September 2013, it was announced that he had been cast as Pollux in The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Parts 1 and 2. Principal photography began that same month in Atlanta, and concluded on June 20, 2014, in Berlin, Germany; the two parts were filmed back-to-back.

Beginning in 2015, Henson portrayed Foggy Nelson in all three seasons of the Netflix television series Daredevil. Marvel announced Henson's casting in June 2014. During the audition for the role of Foggy Nelson, which was held via video conference call, Henson held his phone the wrong way and appeared upside down to others in the meeting. This mishap convinced the show's executives he was the right man for the part. Henson spoke of his excitement for Foggy's role in the series, saying "I was really excited as I was getting the scripts and reading that Foggy wasn't just a useless sidekick. He's not just comic relief. I mean, he is some of those things. He does have comic relief, but it was exciting to know that these other characters would have their own path and their own things that they're dealing with." In addition to Daredevil, Henson has also portrayed Foggy in the crossover miniseries The Defenders and a cameo appearance in the second seasons of Jessica Jones and Luke Cage.

Personal life
Henson lives in Los Angeles. He has one son, Dodger, with former wife Kira Sternbach.

title: Elden Henson


text: User talk:70.25.123.16

title: User talk:70.25.123.16


text:
Talk:Hessischer Rundfunk

Untitled
Still to be translated:

 * Network Programming
 * Television
 * Radio
 * Defunct radio programmes

—Preceding unsigned comment added by JohnDBuell (talk • contribs) 04:31, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Popular individual programmes
 * Pronunciation databank
 * History
 * Musical organizations
 * Famous moderators, editors, directors and commentators
 * Transmitters

title: Talk:Hessischer Rundfunk


text:
Marching tetrahedra

Marching tetrahedra is an algorithm in the field of computer graphics to render implicit surfaces. It clarifies a minor ambiguity problem of the marching cubes algorithm with some cube configurations. It was originally introduced in 1991.

While the original marching cubes algorithm was protected by a software patent, marching tetrahedrons offered an alternative algorithm that did not require a patent license. More than 20 years have passed from the patent filing date (June 5, 1985), and the marching cubes algorithm can now be used freely. Optionally, the minor improvements of marching tetrahedrons may be used to correct the aforementioned ambiguity in some configurations.

In marching tetrahedra, each cube is split into six irregular tetrahedra by cutting the cube in half three times, cutting diagonally through each of the three pairs of opposing faces. In this way, the tetrahedra all share one of the main diagonals of the cube. Instead of the twelve edges of the cube, we now have nineteen edges: the original twelve, six face diagonals, and the main diagonal. Just like in marching cubes, the intersections of these edges with the isosurface are approximated by linearly interpolating the values at the grid points.

Adjacent cubes share all edges in the connecting face, including the same diagonal. This is an important property to prevent cracks in the rendered surface, because interpolation of the two distinct diagonals of a face usually gives slightly different intersection points. An added benefit is that up to five computed intersection points can be reused when handling the neighbor cube. This includes the computed surface normals and other graphics attributes at the intersection points.

Each tetrahedron has sixteen possible configurations, falling into three classes: no intersection, intersection in one triangle and intersection in two (adjacent) triangles. It is straightforward to enumerate all sixteen configurations and map them to vertex index lists defining the appropriate triangle strips.

Comparison with marching cubes
Marching tetrahedra computes up to nineteen edge intersections per cube, where marching cubes only requires twelve. Only one of these intersections cannot be shared with an adjacent cube (the one on the main diagonal), but sharing on all faces of the cube complicates the algorithm and increases memory requirements considerably. On the other hand, the additional intersections provide for a slightly better sampling resolution.

The number of configurations, determining the size of the commonly used lookup tables, is much smaller, since only four rather than eight separate vertices are involved per tetrahedron. There are six tetrahedra to process instead of one single cube. The process is unambiguous, so no additional ambiguity handling is necessary.

The downside is that the tessellation of a cube with tetrahedra requires a choice regarding the orientation of the tetrahedra, which may produce artificial "bumps" in the isosurface because of interpolation along the face diagonals.

Diamond Lattice Cell - Alternative Cube Slicing Method
The cubical cells to be meshed can also be sliced into 5 tetrahedra, using a (diamond cubic) lattice as a basis. Cubes are mated on each side with another that has an opposite alignment of the tetrahedron around the centroid of the cube. Alternating vertices have a different number of tetrahedra intersecting on it, resulting in a slightly different mesh depending on position. When sliced this way, additional planes of symmetry are provided; having a tetrahedron around the centroid of the cube also generates very open spaces around points that are outside of the surface.

Diamond cubic has a variety of visualizations. Instead of empty cells, every cell should be filled, with alternating inner tetrahedrons. For each tetrahedron inscribed in a cube, using the vertices of the cube and edges that cross the faces of the cube, the tetrahedron will occupy 4 points; the other 4 points form the corners of an inverted tetrahedron; the cubic cells are tiled such that the position of the cell (x+y+z+...) is odd, use one, else use the inverted; otherwise near cells would use a different diagonal to compute the intersection.

Calculation of color based on a spacial texture system can be done using the current fragment position to select from a repeating texture based on the pairs of texel coordinates (x,y), (y,z) and (x,z) and scaling those values by the absolute value of each respective component of the normal z, x, and y respectively. Texture decalling can be applied as texture splatting by projecting the position of the current fragment in the direction of the decal' normal, to the plane of the texture given by an origin point and normal, then using a 'up' or 'right' directional vector to compute the texture coordinate.

This technique would be more closely compared with dual contouring which is listed under isosurfaces, as a potential technique. DCL tetrahedra involves additional calculations for the diagonals across cube-faces, where dual contouring does not. This technique also has not addressed when two near points 'inside' a surface are a combined distance < 1 from the surface, where they should generate two points on the edge instead of 1; the related modification is Manifold Dual Contouring.

title: Marching tetrahedra


text:
Flag of Los Angeles

The city flag of Los Angeles consists of a background of three notched stripes of green, gold and red. The flag was designed by Roy E. Silent and E.S. Jones in 1931 for the Los Angeles sesquicentennial from 1781.

Design and symbolism
The three colors on the flag represent olive trees (green), orange groves (gold) and vineyards (red). They also symbolize the history of the city, with gold and red representing Spain, the country who first colonized the city and green and red representing Mexico, who took over when New Spain achieved independence. The city seal is shown in the center of the flag. Surrounding the shield are representations of three major Californian crops: grapes, olives, and oranges. The seal contains a heraldic shield quartered showing:

 * 1) an approximation of the shield shown on the Great Seal of the United States, though the blue chief features thirteen stars;
 * 2) an approximation of the flag of California;
 * 3) an approximation of the coat of arms of Mexico;
 * 4) a tower and lion of the Kingdom of Castile and the Kingdom of León, representing the arms of Spain.

The flag evokes mixed reactions, with some disliking the design, and some praising it. Many of the staff at LAist/KPCC criticized it in 2019. Ted Kaye, an author of "Good" Flag, "Bad" Flag, a booklet endorsed by the North American Vexillological Association, described Los Angeles' flag as a "failed image" that fails to spark pride and unity in the city. He criticized its use of the city seal while praising the serrated green, gold, and red stripes.

History
The flag, designed by Roy E. Silent and E.S. Jones, was presented to the city by the La Fiesta Association for the city's sesquicentennial anniversary. The seal on the flag was officially adopted on March 27, 1905.

The flag received brief international prominence when, during the closing of the 1980 Moscow Olympics, it was raised instead of the United States flag as a symbol of the next Olympic host. The move was done upon the request of the United States government, which asked the International Olympic Committee to not use the American flag because the U.S. had boycotted the Moscow Olympics.

A Los Angeles flag was taken to space in 1984 by Sally Ride, on the Space Shuttle Challenger. It is on display in the Los Angeles City Hall.

In a 2004 North American Vexillological Association survey, the design ranked 33rd out of 150 American city flags.

title: Flag of Los Angeles


text:
User talk:Redwolf1111

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

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Your Username
As of my writing this, you have 0 contributions. Allow me to introduce you to User:RedWolf and myself, Redwolf24. Hopefully you're a fellow wolf rather than an impersonator. Happy editing! R e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:05, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Redwolf1111


text:
Talk:Birkeland current

deleted solar image
I removed the solar EUV image of the Bastille Day post-flare arcade. It had been captioned as an example of a "solar Birkeland current", which it is not. Post-flare arcades are formed by line-tied boundary conditions at the photosphere, together with magnetic reconnection (collapse of a current sheet) during a flare. zowie 00:05, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

I removed an Hubble image of aurora on Jupiter and replaced it with a drawing of the field-aligned and ionospheric current system at high latitude. The new image is much more relevant to the topic. I intend on editing the text to connect the image to the text better. Richfj (talk) 16:41, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

too general?
The Most of my colleagues seem to use "Birkeland current" to refer only to the auroral-related electrojets around the Earth, specifically; the article seems to tie the term to the more general concept of field-aligned currents in any astrophysical plasma. Does anyone care to comment on this? If I haven't heard back in a few days, I'll try to get around to finding a more authoritative source. zowie 00:14, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Indeed, Birkeland currents were originally applied to field-aligned currents in the ionosphere feeding the aurora, and I guesss they are most well-known here, and hence the use of the name here. But all field-aligned currents, no matter where they are, are also Birkeland currents. But field-aligned currents elsewhere are not generally recognised, and the use of the term is limited, but see for example, Synchrotron radiation spectrum for galactic-sized plasma filaments. Perhaps the article should be called Field-Align Currents, with Birkeland currents being the kind found in the ionosphere? --Iantresman 08:11, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Hmmm.... Some sort of change sounds like maybe a good idea since it reflects current usage in the scientific community, notwithsanding the ADS link you gave.  For example, a quick ADS search for "Birkeland current" in the abstract finds loads of references on the Earth, geospace, and planetary aurorae -- but in the first hundred or so references I found no other titles that refered to interstellar or intergalactic currents.  Similarly for Google (aside from the Wikipedia entry! :-).

 * Since, on the large scale, all non-drift currents are field-aligned in the ideal MHD approximation, it doesn't seem to make sense to me to equate field-aligned currents and Birkeland currents. I'm not, myself, a space geophysicist, but many of my friends are :-).  Is there any particular reference work or group of folks you polled to find current usage?

 * BTW, nice work on the history of Birkeland and on finding so many of the original references on space plasma physics. zowie 15:16, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I have the same objection as Zowie. The name Birkeland currents in the professional world is only used for the Earth and planets, and then for specific currents. In all other cases the term field aligned currents is used. So at the beginning it would be better to state that usually the name field aligned currents is used.--Tusenfem 19:27, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I wonder whether the article would be better named "field aligned current" (since this is the general term), and include a section on "Birkeland currents"? --Iantresman 20:49, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

I would object to the change, as the current scientific community tends to reject the idea of applying these types of plasma physics in space, simply because it is convenient to current contemporary theory. Large proponents, such as Hannes Alfven, of Birkeland current's propounded them to pervade all of space, and as such it is relevant to leave the article referring to them as it is. --OneRyt (talk) 11:46, 14 August 2009 (UTC)

upload
Image:Cygnus-loop.gif Image:Birkeland-anode-globe-fig259.jpg Image:Magnetic-rope.gif Image:Jupiter-aurora.jpg

Will you upload this image in Commons? It was expected that I wrote an article about Birkeland current in Wikipedia Japan. Please cooperate.

 * Can you upload the images yourself? All the images are in the public domain? --Iantresman 14:49, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Characteristics: forces
The article currently states:
 * Pairs of parallel Birkeland currents can also interact; parallel Birkeland currents moving in the same direction will attract with an electromagnetic force inversely proportional to their distance apart (note that the gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance); parallel Birkeland currents moving in opposite directions will repel with an electromagnetic force inversely proportional to their distance apart. There is also a short-range circular component to the force between two Birkeland currents that is opposite to the longer-range parallel foreces. [Ref].

The gravitational attraction between two line masses also varies in inverse proportion to their separation, so what's the big deal? The reference is non-refereed and a mess on several fronts (e.g. calling the Earth's core a plasma). In particular, it offers no explanation for the claim of short-range repulsion. If this cannot be explained better or if a better reference cannot be found, I would strike it. --Art Carlson 19:50, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

 * If there was no Birkeland current flowing through a plasma, then there would be a number of electrons, ions and neutral particles whose mutual attraction would be electromagnetic (about up to the Debye sphere), and gravitational forces that varies as 1/r^2 because there is no line mass present. So the question is, can a Birkeland current in a plasma be considered a line mass from a gravitational perspective? And if so, is it significant since EM forces are 10^39 more powerful? I'm still checking.

 * As for the Earth's core being a plasma, this does sound rather contentious. On the other hand, the liquid core is often modelled with magnetohydrodynamics, so perhaps plasma-like is more accurate. --Iantresman 09:59, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Characteristics: synchrotron radiation
The article currently states:
 * Electrons moving along a Birkeland current may be accelerated by a plasma double layer. If the resulting electrons approach relativistic velocities (ie. the speed of light) they may subsequently produce a Bennett pinch, which in a magnetic field will spiral and emit synchrotron radiation that includes radio, optical (ie. light), x-rays, and gamma rays.

A pinch just requires current. Whether the electron velocities are relativistic is irrelevant. The electrons might spiral (if they figure out how to become oblique to the magnetic field, but the pinch won't. Why go into details on the potential wavelength of synchrotron radiation in an article that isn't even about double layers? I'm not sure on cause and effect: does the double layer cause the current or the current cause the double layers? --Art Carlson 20:00, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I think I kind of answered this one on another page. Your point about cause and effect I think is relevent, and not obvious. You may have read in Alfvén's Cosmic Plasma about "circuits", in which he considers several aspects to the source and cause of various plasma phenomenon.

 * My understanding is as follows. Birkeland currents are like electric cables in space, moving ions from one region to another. They do so in response to a load, in this case a double layer who's main features is the ability to accelerate ions. This will result in a beam of ions, which will pinch, and depending on various parameters, may result in a Bennett pinch. And then if the electrons are moving a relativistic velocities, then synchrotron radiation will be emited from the pinch, in the same way that synchrotron radiation is released in a laboratory z-pinch.

 * So perhaps Birkeland currents do not directly produce synchrotron radiation;, perhaps it's analogous to describing that a light bulb give off radiation, but not mentioning that it is connected to electric wires.

 * Again I would suggest Peratt's paper for detailed information, Evolution of the Plasma Universe: I. Double Radio Galaxies, Quasars, and Extragalactic Jets [PDF], and Alfvén's Cosmic Plasma.

--Iantresman 20:30, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

Inaccuracies and errors in the page
I read through the first part of the page, and there are a lot of inaccuracies that need to be changed. Well, I guess this is enough for a start. This page needs a big make-over.--Tusenfem 19:42, 20 May 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) They are sometimes referred to as field-aligned currents. IMHO, in science they are always called field-aligned currents and only in magnetospheric they are called Birkeland currents.
 * 2) The current flows earthwards down the morning side of the Earth's ionosphere, around the polar regions, and spacewards up the evening side of the ionosphere. These Birkeland currents are now sometimes called auroral electrojets. Although the first part is okay, that the field aligned currents flow to the Earth at the dawn side, and away at the dusk side, I have trouble with stating that the electrojet is a Birkeland current. Birkeland currents are defined as field aligned currents, the electroject is perpendicular to the magnetic field and thus not a Birkeland current.
 * 3) They can heat up the upper atmosphere which results in increased drag on low-altitude satellites. Is the drag on satellites truely caused by a heated up atmosphere? I would think that the increased magnetic field strength, caused  by an active system in a magnetic storm would be the cause, because of stronger eddy currents in the spacecraft.
 * 4) Birkeland currents are also one of a class of plasma phenonena called a z-pinch Here cause and result are switched around. A Birkeland current is not a z-pinch. A z-pinch may occur when a field aligned current exists. But there are certain restrictions to that, a pinch can only occur when the field strength increases above a certain level. I am not sure that z-pinches have been observed in the Earth's Birkeland currents.
 * 5)  This can also twist, producing a helical pinch that spirals like a twisted or braided rope, and this most closely corresponds to a Birkeland current. Why does this most closely correspond to a Birkeland current?
 * 6) parallel Birkeland currents moving in opposite directions will repel with an electromagnetic force inversely proportional to their distance apart. But anti-parallel Birkeland currents will not occur, as the inflow is on the dawn side and the outflow is on the dusk side.
 * 7) Electrons moving along a Birkeland current may be accelerated by a plasma double layer. Electrons are not moving along a Birkeland current, they 'are' the Birkeland current.
 * 8) If the resulting electrons approach relativistic velocities (ie. the speed of light) they may subsequently produce a Bennett pinch No, this is not true, relativistic particles do not increase the current, so if the requirement for a Bennett pinch has not been fulfilled before, then making the electrons relativistic will not make any difference.

 * Please go ahead and make any changes you see fit. --Iantresman 23:36, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I have started to make the changes to this page, based on the comments above. --Tusenfem (talk) 09:57, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Most of the Characteristics section needs to be re-written. As it now stands, the article confuses field-aligned currents which are organized into lines or columns of current (i.e., the area of the current perpendicular to the field line is roughly a circle) with sheets of current (i.e., the area of the current perpendicular to the field line is much greater in one direction than a direction perpendicular to both the field line and the first direction).  Birkeland currents are a pair of sheet currents.  The following are my responses to the numbered comments above:

Richfj (talk) 19:25, 21 July 2011 (UTC)
 * 1) Agreed.
 * 2) Agreed.  I intend to re-write the Characteristics section to show how the Birkeland currents and the auroral electrojets are related but not the same thing.
 * 3) I have already edited the article to explain that the increase drag is due to increased atmospheric density as the electric current in the ionospheric E-layer heat the atmosphere.  I will look at this again to be sure that my explanation is clear.
 * 4) I think the whole z-pinch discussion should be deleted.  A z-pinch is related to a line of current and not a pair sheet currents.
 * 5) The discussion of twist should be deleted.  It is relevant to a line of current and not a sheet of current.
 * 6) The electromagnetic attraction or repulsion due to the Birkeland currents is too small to be significant.  The total currents are quite large but the current density is quite small.
 * 7) Double layers in the ionosphere relate to the acceleration of electrons to create an auroral arc.  This is a small scale phenomenon compared to the scale of the Birkeland currents.  The existence Birkeland current system is a necessary condition for the double layers and arcs to exist but the Birkeland currents can exist without the double layers.
 * 8) Electrons which carry the Birkeland currents have energies between ~1 eV and ~10 keV.  Relativistic effects are not relevant.

Added a paragraph to the history section.
Included a paragraph on last December's THEMIS observations with relevant NASA references. Should be non-controversial. Mgmirkin (talk) 18:15, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Included NASA references:
 * NASA Spacecraft Make New Discoveries About Northern Lights
 * Multimedia for the Press Event for THEMIS
 * Spring is Aurora Season Mgmirkin (talk) 18:15, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

See Birkeland's work [The Norwegian Aurora Polaris Expedition 1902-1903] Mgmirkin (talk) 04:51, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

Anonymous IP 69.86.169.166, please sign in and utilize the talk page before taking out valid edits or references. Thank you, Mgmirkin (talk) 05:58, 26 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I've added back in the two valid references you erroneously removed that deal directly with Birkeland current history (both NASA pages below specifically mention Birkeland currents, contrary to your inaccurate comment attached to the edit):
 * Electric Currents From Space (NASA educational page)
 * From the above link:
 * Birkeland Currents
 * When in 1973 the navy satellite Triad (see history) flew through this region in a low-altitude orbit, its magnetometer indeed detected the signatures of two large sheets of electric current, one coming down on the morning side of the auroral zone, one going up on the evening side, as expected. Because Kristian Birkeland had proposed long before currents which linked Earth and space in this fashion, they were named Birkeland currents (by Schield, Dessler and Freeman, in a 1969 article predicting some of the features observed by Triad). Typically, each sheet carries a million amperes or more.
 * Mgmirkin (talk) 06:11, 26 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Electric Currents From Space - History (NASA educational page)
 * From the above link:
 * Although signs of currents flowing from space along magnetic field lines were occasionally detected by earlier satellites, it was the US Navy's Triad, carrying the instrument of Alfred Zmuda and James Armstrong, that in 1973 traced their full pattern. Triad was an experimental navigation satellite, and it circled the Earth in a low altitude orbit which went from pole to pole, while the Earth rotated beneath it. Zmuda and Armstrong were allowed to place on it a magnetometer as an extra "piggyback experiment," and it continued to return scientific data for many years after the Navy's experiment had ended.
 * When Triad crossed a current sheet, a characteristic "signature" was generally noted: the direction of the magnetic field rotated fairly abruptly, while its strength stayed practically the same. From such rotations a wealth of information was extracted about the structure and variation of the currents. Tragically, both experimenters had died by the time their article on "Birkeland currents" appeared in 1974.
 * Mgmirkin (talk) 06:11, 26 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Both pages specifically deal with and reference Birkeland currents. Mgmirkin (talk) 06:03, 26 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Both pages specifically deal with and reference Birkeland currents. Mgmirkin (talk) 06:03, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

Anonymous IP 69.86.169.166, let us also not play semantic word games. The fact that the articles do not use the two words "Birkeland current" does not negate the fact that they precisely fit the description given in the opening paragraph of the Birkeland current article (IE, "field-aligned currents").
 * According to the Birkeland current article:
 * A Birkeland current generally refers to any electric current in a space plasma, but more specifically when charged particles in the current follow magnetic field lines (hence, Birkeland currents are also known as field-aligned currents).

 * You will notice that that has been changed now, because it does not refer to any electric current in a plasma. If at all extended to general space plasma physics, the current have to be at least parallel to the magnetic field. If they are perpendicular, e.g. they can be Hall currents, etc. --Tusenfem (talk) 10:02, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Birkeland currents often show filamentary, or twisted "rope-like" magnetic structure.
 * Mgmirkin (talk) 07:02, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

With respect to the two articles on the THEMIS discovery:
 * According to the first NASA press release on the THEMIS discovery:
 * "The satellites have found evidence of magnetic ropes connecting Earth's upper atmosphere directly to the sun," said David Sibeck, project scientist for the mission at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. "We believe that solar wind particles flow in along these ropes, providing energy for geomagnetic storms and auroras."
 * A magnetic rope is a twisted bundle of magnetic fields organized much like the twisted hemp of a mariner's rope.
 * Charged particles from the solar wind flow along magnetic field lines. This fits the description of "field-aligned currents" mentioned in the opening paragraph of the Birkeland current article.
 * Mgmirkin (talk) 07:02, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

 * According to the second NASA press release on the THEMIS discovery:
 * THEMIS observed [a magnetic flux rope] recently with a total energy of five hundred thousand billion (5 x 1014) Joules. "That's approximately equivalent to the energy of a magnitude 5 earthquake,"
 * "The satellites have detected magnetic 'ropes connecting Earth's upper atmosphere directly to the Sun," says Dave Sibeck, project scientist for the mission at the Goddard Space Flight Center. "We believe that solar wind particles' flow in along these ropes, providing energy for geomagnetic storms and auroras."
 * Again, this press release mirrors the first. Charged particles from the solar wind follow magnetic field lines, delivering five hundred trillion Joules of energy to the arctic region. This again fits the definition of "field-aligned currents" used in the opening paragraph of the Birkeland current article.
 * Mgmirkin (talk) 07:02, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

 * If you, for some reason, feel the above descriptions do not fit the description of field-aligned currents (or, currents in general), please see the multimedia from the THEMIS press release. Specifically the image wherein they state:
 * Flux Ropes Power the Magnetosphere!
 * Flux ropes pump 650,000 Amp current into the Arctic!
 * They then liken the interaction to a "30 kiloVolt battery in space."
 * If the prior two articles were insufficient support, NASA's explanation of the interaction in terms of a current of 650,000 Amps leave little to the imagination. These are clearly identified in the NASA press release as electric currents flowing along magnetic fields ("field-aligned currents," AKA Birkeland currents).
 * As such I am reinstating the removed content. Please leave it there unless you can provide a concrete reason not to.
 * Mgmirkin (talk) 07:02, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

Thank you for pointing out the possible confusion. Hopefully the above information sufficiently resolves the issue. If not, feel free to explain why. Mgmirkin (talk) 07:02, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

I removed this post from the history section of the article page by the IP 146.5.17.92 because it is not the place for it: "This is argumentative. To substantiate the statement it must be explained how ion cyclotron waves in the solar wind [ref cited] relate to field aligned currents in the magnetosphere or even in the solar magnetic field." Aarghdvaark (talk) 08:18, 30 April 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 one external links on Birkeland current. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050503065835/http://phys.ucalgary.ca:80/~trondsen/pai/Curls.html to http://www.phys.ucalgary.ca/~trondsen/pai/Curls.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051003211220/http://public.lanl.gov:80/alp/plasma/EM_forces.html to http://public.lanl.gov/alp/plasma/EM_forces.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051003202558/http://public.lanl.gov:80/alp/plasma/elec_currents.html to http://public.lanl.gov/alp/plasma/elec_currents.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050211120508/http://dysprosium.jhuapl.edu:80/ to http://dysprosium.jhuapl.edu/

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Field-aligned vs Vertical
Brikeland's original work said that the currents were vertical, not field-aligned. The realisation that they were field-aligned only came later. It would be advisable to make this distinction in the original text to avoid confusion.

200 NOK
The "Fig.50" diagram shown in this article is the same as the one that appears on the old (1994-2017) 200 Norwegian Krøner banknote https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Norwegian_krone#Series_VII_notes_.281994-2020.29.

External links modified
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External links modified (January 2018)
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"This view was scorned by other researchers"
This assertion has as its "support" The Origin of Magnetic Storms. Rather than "scorn," the final sentence is "The view that the impact of the projected particles causes luminosity remains allowable, so that Prof. Birkeland’s theory of the aurora borealis is still tenable."

Schuster's grave seems like an odd place to plant a flag.

2600:1702:2670:D6A0:2805:953B:859F:D02A (talk) 07:30, 18 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Birkeland current


text: User talk:83.104.40.225

title: User talk:83.104.40.225


title: User:Felix8~enwiki


text:
Symbols of Tuxtla Gutiérrez

The symbols of city of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, State of Chiapas, Mexico, are the coat of arms or seal and the municipal flag.

Coat of arms
In 1941, at the suggestion of the historian Fernando Castañón Gamboa, the city council of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, presided over by Fidel Martínez, adopted as its municipal coat of arms the local pre-Columbian heraldric figures used in times of Mexica control: the figure of a rabbit standing upright upon a jawbone with three teeth. A similar figure appears in the paintings of the Matriculation of the Aztecan tribute and in the Mendocino Codex.

History
This coat of arms was first published in 1941 in the Municipal Gazette of Tuxtla Gutiérrez and in the book Tuchtlan: Documents and unpublished information for the particular history of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, written by Castañón Gamboa.

From 1941 to 1996, the design of the coat of arms of Tuxtla Gutiérrez was modified six times without being actually adopted by the official approval of the city council. At first, the figure of the rabbit appeared inside a shield according to the classic form of royal Spanish blazons; the form was later modified. The coat of arms of Tuxtla was used more as a logo of the city government than as an emblem of the city or area itself.

In a regular town hall session on 20 June 1996, the city council announced a competition in which the people of Tuxtla would compete in redesigning the coat of arms. Painters, writers and historians judged the 57 participant sketches and chose the winner: a sketch done by a young boy named Luis Ernesto Moran Villatoro. The coat of arms was adopted officially on 23 December of that same year.

Interpretation of the blazons
The border of the shield is gold (heraldic yellow). The field (background area of the shield) is heraldic red. The figure of the grey rabbit in the field above the jawbone symbolizes the abundance of rabbits. The figure of the upper jawbone with three teeth (also grey) symbolizes an area of abundance.

Together, the two figures signify the place of an abundance of rabbits (Tochtlan in Náhuatl), a name that the Mexicas gave to the valley surrounding the zoque settlement which was characterized for its abundance of rabbits. Thus the coat of arms actually corresponds to its toponymy, bringing to mind its indigenous origin in a distinct departure from European heraldry norms.

Flag
The flag of Tuxtla Gutiérrez consists of a white rectangle with a ratio of four to seven between the width and length; in the center it bears the State Coat of arms, placed in such a way that it occupies three-quarters of the width.

title: Symbols of Tuxtla Gutiérrez


text:
Catherine Kidwell

Catherine Arthelia Kidwell (January 14, 1921 – February 17, 2002) was an American novelist who began her career in writing late in her life, and was best known for her semi-autobiographical novel Dear Stranger.

Born in Lowry City, Missouri, Kidwell enrolled at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in 1969, together with her daughter Jane. She culminated her studies with a Master of Fine Arts degree in 1977 at the age of 56. Her thesis, The Woman I Am, was published as a Dell paperback. Kidwell then developed the story further and turned it into the novel Dear Stranger, which Warner Books published in February 1983 and was chosen as a Literary Guild selection.

She continued to write and to teach writing at Southeast Community College in Lincoln; she died at the age of 81, after a struggle with Parkinson's disease.

title: Catherine Kidwell


text:
Brought to Light

Brought to Light - subtitled Thirty Years of Drug Smuggling, Arms Deals, and Covert Action - is an anthology of two political graphic novels, published originally by Eclipse Comics in 1988.

Creation
Both stories were based upon research by the Christic Institute, who initiated the work. Joyce Brabner, then married to Harvey Pekar, had already helped co-ordinate Real War Stories with Eclipse Comics and the Central Committee for Conscientious Objectors, and planned Brought to Light as a thematic follow-up. Eclipse publisher Dean Mullaney and editor-in-chief Cat Yronwode first attempted to get Chuck Dixon, writer of politically charged stories for Airboy, involved but he considered the Institute "far-left" and considered that a lot of their theories strayed into "aluminium foil hat territory".

Alan Moore, Bill Sienkiewicz and Tom Yeates contributed to the book, which was co-published with Warner Books and was distributed to mainstream bookstores. In an interview with the British magazine Escape, Moore noted "I'm humanizing these vast subjects by having the story narrated by a shadowy figure in a bar... the CIA eagle. The reader sits next to this hideous representation of America’s covert warfare activities that spills its whole life story, as drunks are prone to do in bars." Sienkiewicz explained his involvement by telling Amazing Heroes "I think people are really turning a blind eye to [the CIA's involvement in foreign government affairs], the cocaine and everything else, and I think it's important that they be made a little more aware of what's going on. This book will do that, inform them, and hopefully do it entertainingly. I feel that if it's not the most important series or book I've done, it's damn near up there." The novel brought coverage in Mother Jones, Interview and Vanity Fair, something Brabner felt was important to help spread word about the events. The book was initially set to be published on 11 November 1988 before delays pushed it back to 13 December.

Eclipse arranged for Tom Yeates to sign copies of the book in Cody's Books in Berkeley, California on the first day of the Oliver North trial. There were rumors that Moore was unable to travel to America due to the CIA being annoyed at his contribution to Brought to Light; however, the real reason was Moore not renewing his passport.

Shadowplay: The Secret Team

 * Written by Alan Moore; illustrated by Bill Sienkiewicz; introduction by Daniel Sheehan.

The narrative covers the history of the Central Intelligence Agency and its involvement in the Vietnam War, the Iran-Contra affair, and its relationship with figures like Augusto Pinochet and Manuel Noriega. The narrator of is an aging anthropomorphic American Eagle, presented as a bellicose, retired CIA agent who approaches an unseen character in a bar. The eagle proceeds to drink alcohol and, in a drunken stupor, divulge all the details of The Agency's past. Early on a reference is made to the number of gallons an Olympic-size swimming pool can hold, and the fact that an adult human body has one gallon of blood; from then on, the victims of CIA activities - directly or indirectly - are quantified in swimming pools filled with blood, with each pool representing 20,000 dead.

30 Years of Covert War
A two-page feature by Paul Mavrides, the "World Map of 30 Years of Covert Action" details what the Christic Institute purported to be election tampering, drug trafficking, assassination, and other crimes committed by the CIA.

Flashpoint: The LA Penca Bombing

 * Written by Joyce Brabner, based on an account by Martha Honey and Tony Avirgan; illustrated by Tom Yeates; coloured by Sam Parsons; lettered by Bill Pearson.

An account of the La Penca bombing during the civil war in Nicaragua in 1984. Honey and Avirgan were both present, and their investigation would lead to the Oliver North trial.

Reception
Reviewing the graphic novel for Amazing Heroes, Ed Sample found himself unmoved by much of the narrative due to its clumsy and heavy-handed storytelling, but reflected it was an important catalyst to thought and discussion. More positive views came from more traditional literary journals, including Publishers Weekly and American Library Association's Booklist. Brought to Light was nominated for the 1989 Harvey Awards in the 'Best Graphic Album' category but lost out to another Moore project, Batman: The Killing Joke.

Audio version
Shadowplay was made into a spoken word performance by Codex Books in 1998; Moore provided the narration himself, which was set to music by the composer Gary Lloyd.

title: Brought to Light


text:
Tianchi

Tianchi (天池) may refer to several locations in China:

Lakes
Heaven Lake primarily refers to the crater lake of Mount Baekdu, on the Sino–North Korean border

Heaven Lake is the translation of a Chinese, Mongolian, Manju, Korean, etc. name of a lake; here "Heaven" may refer to Tian or Tengri here:
 * Heaven Lake of Tian Shan, lake in Xinjiang
 * Heaven Lake of Arxan, near Arxan City, Inner Mongolia

Places

 * Tianchi, Mianchi County, in Mianchi County, Henan
 * Tianchi, Arxan, in Arxan City, Inner Mongolia
 * Tianchi, Huaying, in Huaying City, Sichuan
 * Tianchi, Lezhi County, in Lezhi County, Sichuan
 * Tianchi, Xuyong County, in Xuyong County, Sichuan
 * Tianchi Lake, Phoenix Mountains, Wudong Village, Guangdong Province

title: Tianchi


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sea of Insanity

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Neutralitytalk 13:38, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Sea of Insanity
A webcomic, hosted on keenspace, found here. Article makes no assertion of notability, it is not mentioned on the alexa report for keenspace suggesting it is not one of the well read webcomics. A google search shows up nothing which would lift this from every other website out there. Hahnchen 00:08, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Huh. I thought LKM quit Sea of Insanity a long time ago. Anyway, transwiki to Comixpedia, as non-influential webcomic. - A Man In Black  (Talk | Contribs) 05:37, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn webcomic. --Merovingian (t) (c) 10:24, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - as per nom CLW 11:00, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn webcomic. Dottore So 20:52, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - as per nom Dragonfiend 21:38, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete here and transwiki as per Man in Black. Qaz  ( talk ) 23:24, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Nanase

Nanase (ななせ, ナナセ) is a feminine Japanese given name which is also used as a surname.

Possible writings
Nanase can be written using different kanji characters and can mean:
 * as a given name
 * 七瀬, "seven, rapids"
 * 菜々瀬, "greens, rapids"
 * 奈々瀬, "what, rapids"
 * 那々瀬, "what, rapids"

The given name can also be written in hiragana or katakana.
 * as a surname
 * 七瀬, "seven, rapids"

People

 * with the given name Nanase
 * Nanase Aikawa (七瀬), a Japanese rock singer
 * Nanase Hoshii (七瀬), pseudonym of Yuma Hoshino, Japanese singer
 * Nanase Ohkawa (七瀬), a member of the all-female manga-creating team Clamp
 * Nanase Nishino (七瀬), a member of the Japanese idol group Nogizaka46
 * Nanase Kiryu (七瀬), Japanese football player

 * with the surname Nanase
 * Aoi Nanase (七瀬), a Japanese manga artist and illustrator
 * Ayaka Nanase (七瀬), Japanese voice actress
 * Hikaru Nanase, pseudonym for Japanese singer and composer Masumi Itō

Fictional characters

 * with the given name Nanase
 * Nanase (七瀬), a character in the Street Fighter EX video game
 * Nanase Akatsuki (七瀬), a character in the manga series Mamotte! Lollipop
 * Nanase Hida (七瀬), a main heroine of the manga series Telepathic Wanderers
 * Nanase Kudō (七瀬), a character in the Japanese light novel series Kaze no Stigma
 * Nanase Matsuura (ナナセ), a character from the anime series Macross Frontier
 * Nanase Matoba, a supporting character who is a secretary of the main antagonist of the ongoing manga/anime of Natsume's Book of Friends
 * with the surname Nanase
 * Miyuki Nanase (七瀬), a character in the manga and anime series Kindaichi Case Files
 * Rumi Nanase (七瀬), a character in the adult visual novel One: Kagayaku Kisetsu e
 * Haruka Nanase (七瀬 遙), a main character in the anime series Free! - Iwatobi Swim Club
 * Narue Nagase (七瀬 成恵), a female protagonist in the science fiction anime series The World of Narue
 * Yū Nanase (七瀬 優), one of the characters in the dating simulation game Sentimental Graffiti
 * Yoshi Nanase (ﾅﾅｾ ﾖｼ), a main character from the adventure game 1bitHeart
 * Yui Nanase (七瀬 ゆい), a side character in the anime series Go! Princess PreCure

Other uses

 * Nanase Futatabi, a novel written by Yasutaka Tsutsui

title: Nanase


text: User talk:81.7.43.14

title: User talk:81.7.43.14


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ektron CMS400.NET

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Neutralitytalk 13:41, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Ektron CMS400.NET
copyvioesque advertisement. — brighterorange  (talk) 00:09, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Looks pretty non-notable to me. — ceejayoz ★ 01:07, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * delete as above Pete.Hurd 04:11, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. Quale 04:13, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Per nom. Cnwb 06:02, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Seems notable (lot of Google hits), but NPOV advert to the point of unusability. --Ashenai 09:11, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - nn CLW 11:01, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result was speedy delete CSD G4 (done by User:Bogdangiusca) — Kaustuv Chaudhuri 20:53, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Ektron CMS400.NET
Advertorial article on a content management system which is written by a user whose name is all over the manufacturer's website. Just zis Guy you know? 17:50, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Speedy delete as deleted and reposted content. --Mr. L e fty Talk to me! 19:16, 2 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Speddy Close the article has been deleted alredy. --Edgelord 20:34, 2 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:AngelKnight

Just fooling with this. Mainly I'm interested in attempting to enter Japanese in ISO2022 or in UTF8...

まだ見えるかどうか知らない…ほら！出来る見たいわ！

Agus tá me cinnte go bhfuil an Ghaeilge maith go leor...Fíor seo!

...And this looks a bit like some sort of demented autoconf output... Oops.

LanceDryden 02:23, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:AngelKnight


text:
John Patrick Amedori

John Patrick Amedori is an American actor and musician. He is known for playing Gabe Mitchell in Dear White People.

Amedori appeared in the film The Vatican Tapes (2015). He has also appeared in a number of television shows, including Law & Order, Nip/Tuck, Joan of Arcadia and Ghost Whisperer, as well as a part in the films The Butterfly Effect and Stick It. In 2006, Amedori starred in Fox's drama series Vanished, and in 2008 was cast as Aaron Rose in Gossip Girl as a love interest of Serena van der Woodsen and the stepbrother of Blair Waldorf.

Career
Amedori made his acting debut in 1998 in D Minus. In 2000, he landed his role in Almost Famous by sending Cameron Crowe a videotape of himself playing the electric guitar. The director liked it so much that he wrote up a part just for John. In 2004, he appeared as a young Evan in The Butterfly Effect. In 2006 he earned starring roles in the television show Vanished, as well as the films Stick It and Love is the Drug.

In 2008, he was cast as Aaron Rose, a love interest of Serena van der Woodsen in Gossip Girl. In 2010 he appeared in Scott Pilgrim vs. the World. In 2012 he was cast in Billy Bob Thornton's Jayne Mansfield's Car.

In 2015, he earned a reoccurring role on the television show Hindsight and starred in the film The Vatican Tapes. In 2016 appeared in multiple episodes of Aquarius.

Since 2017, he has starred as Gabe Mitchell in the Netflix series Dear White People. He appeared in multiple episodes of The Good Doctor as "Dash".

title: John Patrick Amedori


text:
USS Samuel N. Moore

USS Samuel N. Moore (DD-747), an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer, is the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Samuel N. Moore.

Namesake
Samuel Nobre Moore was born on 7 September 1891 in Washington, D.C. He entered the United States Naval Academy in 1909 and was commissioned Ensign in 1913. From April 1914 to February 1915, he served on board USS Hopkins (DD-6) and participated in the occupation of Veracruz. He served on USS Nicholson (DD-52) from May 1915 to January 1917 and on USS Michigan (BB-27) while the United States participated in World War I.

During the interwar period, he held numerous naval posts ashore and at sea with the Atlantic, Pacific, and Asiatic Fleets. In command of Destroyer Division 21 from September 1937 into 1939, Moore organized the New England section of the Neutrality Patrol in late 1939. He took command of USS Quincy (CA-39) on 20 May 1942 and died on the night of 8–9 August 1942 when that cruiser was sunk while fighting in the Battle of Savo Island.

Construction and commissioning
Samuel N. Moore (DD-747) was laid down on 30 September 1943 by Bethlehem Mariners Harbor Shipbuilding Yard, Staten Island, New York and launched on 23 February 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Samuel N. Moore. The ship was commissioned on 24 June 1944.

World War II
Following shakedown off Bermuda, the new destroyer steamed, via the Panama Canal and Pearl Harbor, to the Pacific war zone, arriving at Ulithi on 3 November 1944. There she joined the Fast Carrier Task Force and defended Vice Admiral Marc Mitscher's aircraft carriers from enemy aircraft and submarines. The carriers that she guarded launched numerous air strikes against Japanese positions in the Philippines, the Ryukyus, Formosa, the Pescadores, Indochina, China, and the Japanese home islands. She was damaged by a typhoon on 5 June 1945. In an attack on the night of 22 and 23 July, she launched torpedoes at enemy shipping off the east entrance to Sagami Wan, Japan. She rescued one aviator on 10 June and two more on 18 July.

After Japan capitulated, Samuel N. Moore aided occupation forces, visiting Shanghai and Tsingtao, China, and Pusan, Korea. From 1947 into 1950, she operated off the west coast. Departing San Diego on 1 May 1950, she steamed to the western Pacific.

Korean War
In response to North Korea invading South Korea, she headed north from Hong Kong on 27 June. During the summer and fall, she served off Korea, before returning to San Diego on 11 February 1951. Sailing again for the Far East on 1 December, she guarded carriers and bombarded enemy shore installations in Korea from February to May 1952 before returning to San Diego on 26 June. Steaming from Long Beach on 2 February 1953, she returned to Korea. Defending the fast carriers again, she visited Koje Island in March. In April, she aided the defense of Yang-do Island and patrolled near Chongjin; in May, she fought enemy shore batteries at Wonsan Harbor. In June, she patrolled the Taiwan Strait; and, in July, she provided shore bombardment off Korea. After the end of fighting in Korea, she returned to Long Beach, California on 30 August.

Departing Long Beach on 4 May 1954, she cruised with antisubmarine forces in the western Pacific; patrolled Taiwan Strait, and visited the Tachen Islands on 19 August, before returning to Long Beach on 5 December.

From 1955 through 1959, she made annual deployments to the western Pacific, visiting the Philippines, Taiwan, and Japan. In 1960 and 1961, she served with a specialized antisubmarine task force in the western Pacific, before conducting operations off the West Coast in 1962 and 1963.

Vietnam War
From 13 March to 2 October 1964, Samuel N. Moore was away from Long Beach on another deployment to the western Pacific. In August, during the crisis following the Gulf of Tonkin incident, Samuel N. Moore supplied ammunition to the destroyer USS Maddox (DD-731), and transferred documents from Maddox and USS Turner Joy (DD-951) to USS Ticonderoga (CV-14).

Sailing from the West Coast for the western Pacific on 28 September 1965, she provided gunfire support off Vietnam, operated as a plane guard in the South China Sea, and fired on targets in the Mekong Delta, before returning to Long Beach on 8 April. Getting underway again for the western Pacific on 28 March 1967, she patrolled off North Vietnam, as part of Operation Sea Dragon, and protected aircraft carriers in the Tonkin Gulf, before arriving at Long Beach on 20 September. Underway from Long Beach to the western Pacific on 18 July 1968, she again conducted several shore bombardments and guarded carriers in the Tonkin Gulf before returning to Long Beach on 26 February 1969.

In April, she became a Naval Reserve training ship at Tacoma, Washington. Decommissioned on 24 October, she was struck from the Navy list that day. Samuel N. Moore received five battle stars for World War II, three battle stars for Korea, and seven battle stars for Vietnam.

Service in the Republic of China Navy
She was sold in December 1969 to the Republic of China. The ship served in the Republic of China Navy as Heng Yang (DD-2). By 1986 Heng Yang, by now carrying the pennant number D-976, underwent the Tien Shi modification, with the ship's aft 5-inch mount and 3-inch anti-aircraft guns were removed, allowing six Hsiung Feng I anti-ship missiles in two triple mounts and two twin 40-mm anti-aircraft mounts to be added. She later had a quadruple Sea Chaparral surface-to-air missile launcher added, and changed pennant number to D902. She was stricken in May 1995 and later sunk as target.

title: USS Samuel N. Moore


text:
User talk:AngelKnight

Well, Talk!
こんにちは. Ni raibh me i NY go dti seo... is nilim ag obair sa line sin ar chor ar bith. Mar gheall ar sin, bhi me chomh gairid le seo: Fuair me turas beag ins na Telegael studios san Spideal fado fado ach nior lorg me post. T0ky0 14:36, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:AngelKnight


text:
Category:Communications in South America

For more information, see these articles about Communications in South America.