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Dave Thomas (skeptic)

David E. Thomas (born 1953) is a scientist and software engineer best known for his scientific skepticism research and writings. He is a graduate of the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, and his skeptic work covers the Roswell and Aztec UFO sightings, the Bible code, global warming, the 9/11 Truth movement and chemtrails. Thomas is frequently published in Skeptical Inquirer magazine.

Thomas currently works at the Program for Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere (PASSCAL) at New Mexico Tech and is an adjunct instructor of psychology and education there.

Education and awards
Thomas is a graduate of the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology and holds a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics and a master's degree in mathematics. He received the Brown Award, New Mexico Tech's highest undergraduate award, in 1979, the Langmuir publication award as a graduate student, and the National Center for Science Education's Friend of Darwin Award.

Thomas has served as president of the New Mexico Academy of Science and is a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. He has been both a board member of the Coalition for Excellence on Science and Math Education (CESE) and the president of New Mexicans for Science and Reason since 1998.

Career
Thomas worked at BDM International, Inc. in Albuquerque from 1981–1994 and for ITW Magnaflux/Quasar from 1994-2007.

Thomas and scientist Kim Johnson co-hosted Science Watch, a weekly podcast on AM 1350, from 2005 to 2010 and has been published in Skeptical Inquirer since 1995.

UFOs
Regarding the Roswell UFO incident, Thomas has joked that "My theory...is that the Roswell ship did not actually crash, that it only landed and took off again and continued to land at all these other sites." He maintains that the incident involved a crashed Project Mogul balloon and was not in any way related to extraterrestrial activity. Thomas also frequently discusses the Aztec, New Mexico, UFO incident hoax, and his explanation of the scam at the Aztec UFO Symposium ended his regular speaking appearance there. The Symposium's last meeting was in 2011. In 2009, Thomas presented at UFOcon in Tucson, Arizona, where he covered both incidents.

Bible code
Thomas has applied his knowledge of mathematics and computer engineering to dispute the credibility of the Bible code He offers coincidental examples of secrets "coded" in other texts, such as apparent references to Hitler in War and Peace and the phrase "The code is a silly snake-oil hoax" in Michael Drosnin's The Bible Code. Thomas maintains that "Hidden messages can be found anywhere, provided you're willing to invest time and effort to harvest the vast field of probability." Matt Young's No Sense of Obligation, a skeptical examination of science and religion, references Thomas's work.

Climate change
In 2014, Thomas joined fellow scientist Kim Johnson on Albuquerque's 94 Rock morning show for a four-part conversation regarding climate change. They discussed the geographic patterns and implications of global warming as well as refuting the idea that human interference has a negligible effect on the crisis.

That same year, Thomas joined more than 60 fellow skeptics clarifying the media's use of "skeptic" and "denier" when discussing those who undermine and reject climate science. The letter explains that "Proper skepticism promotes scientific inquiry, critical investigation, and the use of reason in examining controversial and extraordinary claims. It is foundational to the scientific method. Denial, on the other hand, is the a priori rejection of ideas without objective consideration."

The 9/11 Truth movement

Thomas has engaged in several public debates with advocates of the 9/11 Truth movement. After offering a live refutation to architect Richard Gage's 2009 New Mexico Tech alumni weekend presentation on the collapse of the twin towers, Thomas debated Gage and chemist Niels Harrit on the same subject live on Ian Punnett's nationally syndicated radio show Coast to Coast in 2010. In 2014, Thomas and Michael Fullerton took part in a similar debate conducted via YouTube.

Thomas has written scientific refutations of other conspiracy theorists' claims surrounding the September 11 attacks.

Creationist legislation and intelligent design
In February of 2011, the Education Committee of the New Mexico House of Representatives voted 5-4 to table House Bill 302, which sought to prevent public school teachers from being disciplined or removed from their positions for teaching "relevant scientific information regarding either the scientific strengths or scientific weaknesses pertaining to 'controversial' scientific topics". Thomas testified his concern that the bill "is really just a ploy to get creationism in the classroom." In The Panda's Thumb, he wrote "The proposed legislation is not needed by New Mexico's students or teachers. New Mexico's existing standards already protect students from religious indoctrination or harassment by their teachers. Furthermore, the bill is unconstitutional as written, and its passage and enactment will almost certainly result in expensive litigation." He alleged that the bill originated as part of the intelligent design movement and pro-intelligent design think tank groups.

At CSICon 2011, Thomas presented "Something Rotten In Denmark: How Hamlet's 'Weasel' Reveals The Vacuousness Of Intelligent Design" where he discussed genetic algorithms as well as reviewing the status of the New Mexico bill. In 2004, Thomas offered the "opposing view" for the New Mexico division of the Intelligent Design Network's Darwin, Design and Democracy V symposium where he outlined why intelligent design is inappropriate for public school science curriculum.

Personal life
Thomas is married and has two sons. He performs juggling and magic shows and was a member of The Vigilante Band on bass guitar, mandolin and vocals.

title: Dave Thomas (skeptic)


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Wikipedia talk:1911 Encyclopedia topics/15

Possibly going to make a list here of towns or biographies for focus. Looking for suggestions. Any comments or suggestions? please add them to here. There may be too many towns, or maybe not. I think it would clear things up to put them here with country sections and such. --DanielCD 16:19, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Why not just create the articles? Even a 1911 version of a town description is better than nothing. Stan 17:47, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1911 descriptions may be better than nothing, but insofar as World War II goes, some of these villages became utterly destroyed, and 65 years of political history and economic growth have equally destroyed the context. 1911 German history does not adequately do the new, 66-years-worth of history the Polish place has. I've been doing all the German wiki Landkreis bits. Lots of these places are now merely districts of larger cities, rather like the town of Harlem is now a district of the Borough of Manhattan, New York City, New York State. We forget how small Germany and France are, about the same size as New York State. I gather that the Gut'g project is doing a corrected version of the EB 1911; at a certain point, we need to wait for uncorrupted text.
 * But in the meantime, I will continue to do places.
 * I do do articles, but some of them are really obsolete.

 * I wasnt saying we should not do the articles. I was just tossing the idea of using it as a focus page because I thinks it's working well with page 16. No big deal; I'm just going to drop it for now. --DanielCD 12:20, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * No problem. The 1911 science articles are beyond me. I'm better at the geo-political articles (I even resolve Romanian place names). I dislike leaving a stub, so I do another-language-wiki reference in preference (machine translation is still in its infancy, albeit helpful). I suggest a reorg of the remaining articles in to 1911 people, 1911 places and 1911 science, with dictionary items on the side. There remain some good articles to capture (e.g., Louis XIV's cabinet maker), but a longer article represents several hours of work (especially *finding* the appropriate catetories, and, at this late stage of eb 1911, runs the risk of being slapped with a merge template. I prefer spending my time finding the blue links. Hint: pages of 25 items work well, as they quickly load, quickly save, and quickly get done; pages of 300 or more dissuade people from working. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by FourthAve (talk • contribs) 07:41, 7 October 2005 (UTC).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Class of '76

Class of '76 (also known as Monroe: Class of '76) is a two-part British crime drama, first broadcast on ITV in October 2005. Written by John Ireland and directed by Ashley Pearce, the series starred Robert Carlyle as investigating police officer DI Tom Monroe, who investigates the mysterious deaths of a group of classmates over a period of years from the same 1976 form class. Daniel Mays, Claire Skinner and Robert Glenister also appear in supporting roles. The series attracted respectable viewing figures, with 6.92 and 5.73 million viewers tuning in for each respective episode. Despite good critical reception, no further episodes were produced. The series was released on DVD on 21 May 2007.

Critical reception
Paul Mavis of DVD Talk said of the series; "Monroe: Class of '76 is an initially interesting, but ultimately too familiar British crime drama. Starring Robert Carlyle as Detective Inspector Tom Monroe, Class of '76 starts off in a promising fashion, with its evocative, eerie depiction of a man committing suicide. But the story continues on in a dreary, sombre tone, with little surprises left as the clichés start to pile up, leading to the obvious finale. Pat Fisher (Stephen Mapes), tormented and guilty about the death of a fellow classmate back in 1976, as well as terrified by what he sees as a pattern of suspicious deaths for his other childhood friends, deliberately runs onto a busy highway and commits suicide by standing in front of a speeding truck. Leaving behind a tape recording of his paranoid ramblings, Fisher's death is written off as a simple suicide by a disturbed mind. Certainly Monroe's superior DS Pritchard (Tony Haygarth), as well as Tom's partner, Steven Grant (Daniel Mays) believe it to be an open and shut case, not worthy of further investigation. However, something about Fisher's tape, as well as some disturbing memorabilia about several crimes years ago, begin to nag at Monroe, who starts to believe that there may be a pattern to these random deaths.

Chief among the evidence that convinces Monroe to continue to dig is Fisher's elementary school class photo that has been marked, indicating three of the children dead. As well, a shadowy, nondescript image of a child has been marked, "Who was he?" On Fisher's confessional tape, he indicates that there were only 32 students in his class, not the 33 that are in the photo. Contacting fellow student Colin Somerville (Sean Gallagher), Monroe learns from the frightened man that he has been tormented over the years by a voice over the phone that says he will be the next to die. Somerville believes as well that the "accidental" deaths of the three students were no accidents, and that Aiden Thompson (Kevin French), a boy who remaining classmates describe as "different," is the killer. After all, Thompson had confessed to Colin that he had murdered the first victim on the list. However, after Colin nearly dies from a hit-and-run attempt, he tries to convince Monroe that perhaps the shadowy, ghostly figure in the class photo is the real murderer.

To tell any more of the plot, or discuss other characters of Class of '76, would be to spoil it for potential viewers, but really, it wasn't very difficult to figure out the end of this promising, but ultimately predictable thriller. While certainly there was an effort to flesh out the clichéd depiction of the emotionally spent police inspector Monroe, too much of the film consists of shots of Monroe, staring off into space, looking tortured and worried, while ominous music wells up in the background. Meanwhile, the viewer just wants to get on with it all, particularly after one becomes aware of the fact that nothing much new will happen. Carlyle, a ferociously talented Scottish actor, does a too-good job of underplaying the haunted Monroe. Compelling clues are thrown out about Monroe's background, but ultimately, little is finally known about Monroe simply because the filmmakers keep too much hidden, too much suggested but not explored, for us to care."

Cast

 * Robert Carlyle – DI Tom Monroe
 * Daniel Mays – DS Steven Grant
 * Claire Skinner – Dr. Kate Tremaine
 * Robert Glenister – Frank Thompson
 * Sean Gallagher – Colin Somerville
 * Tony Haygarth – DS Pritchard
 * Anton Lesser – Martin Gibson
 * Amelia Curtis – Monica Grant
 * Kevin French – Aiden Thompson
 * Belle Mary Hithersay – Alison Carter
 * William Ilkley – Charlie Drain
 * Pip Torrens – Superintendent Flood

title: Class of '76


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Clear Creek State Park

Clear Creek State Park is a 1211.19 acre Pennsylvania state park in Barnett and Heath Townships, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania in the United States. Public campsites were first opened at the park in 1922. Many of the facilities seen today at the park were constructed during the Great Depression by the Civilian Conservation Corps. Clear Creek State Park is 12 mi from Brookville on Pennsylvania Route 949 at the confluence of Clear Creek and the Clarion River.

Recreation
Clear Creek State Park is open to many recreational opportunities. There are 25 mi of hiking trails that run through the park and into Clear Creek State Forest. One such trail leads to Bear Town Rocks, a group of large boulders in the middle of the forest, from the top of which one can get a scenic view of the surrounding area. The park has extensive picnic facilities and is open to hunting and fishing and serves as a launch point for canoeing on the Clarion River.

About 1200 acre of Clear Creek State Park are open to hunting. Hunters may park at the park to gain access to the surrounding Kitanning State Forest. Common game species are white-tailed deer, black bear, turkey, and squirrels. The hunting of groundhogs is prohibited. All hunters are expected to follow the rules and regulations of the Pennsylvania Game Commission.

Clear Creek has a native and stocked population of brook trout. The Clarion River also has some trout, panfish and smallmouth bass. Some of the small tributaries of Clear Creek and the Clarion River are also stocked with trout by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission.

The Clarion River is a popular destination for canoeing enthusiasts. They commonly launch their canoes at Clear Creek State Park for the 4 and a half hour trip (10 mi) to Cook Forest State Park. Canoes are available to rent from various outfitters in the area.

Accommodations
Cabins and Mongolian style yurts are available for rent to visitors interested in spending more than a day at Clear Creek State Park. Twenty-two rustic cabins built by the Civilian Conservation Corps can be rented on a weekly basis beginning with the opening of trout season in April and ending at the conclusion of deer season in December. The cabins are heated with either a wood stove or a propane heater. The two yurts have electric heat. Both the cabins and yurts have minimal accommodations. Single bunk beds, tables, chairs, an electric range, refrigerator and lights are provided. There is a centrally located shower area with frost free water spigots for drinking water.

The campground opens and closes with the cabins and yurts. Fifty-three trailer and tent sites are available for use. The rustic campground is located in the woods with outhouses and a sanitary dump station. There is a 9-hole disc golf course and a concrete basketball court next to the campground.

Nearby state parks
The following state parks are within 30 mi of Clear Creek State Park:
 * Bendigo State Park (Elk County)
 * Chapman State Park (Warren County)
 * Cook Forest State Park (Clarion County, Jefferson, and Forest Counties)
 * Oil Creek State Park (Venango County)

title: Clear Creek State Park


text: User talk:80.177.48.180

title: User talk:80.177.48.180


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Vladimir Obruchev

Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev (Влади́мир Афана́сьевич О́бручев; October 10 1863 – June 19, 1956) was a Russian and Soviet geologist who specialized in the study of Siberia and Central Asia. He was also one of the first Russian science fiction authors.

Scientific research
Vladimir Obruchev graduated from the Petersburg Mining Institute in 1886. His early work involved the study of gold-mining, which led him to come up with a theory explaining the origin of gold deposits in Siberia. He also gave advice on construction of the Central Asian and Trans-Siberian Railways and consulted Sven Hedin on his projected journey to Siberia. While working for the railway, Obruchev explored the Karakum Desert, the shores of the Amu Darya River, and the old riverbeds of the Uzbois. He also worked as a geologist on Lake Baikal, on the Lena River, and in gold fields near the Vitim.

Between 1892 and 1894, Obruchev "was a member of the Grigory Potanin's expedition into ... Mongolia, [and] to the mountains of Nan Shan and Northern China." He also explored the Transbaikal area, Dzungaria, and Altai. Largely as a result of his participation in this expedition he became interested in loess and made considerable contributions to the study of loess deposits.

In 1929, Obruchev was elected to the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.

Having spent half a century in exploring Siberia and Inner Asia, Obruchev summarized his findings with a three-volume monograph, The Geology of Siberia (1935–1938), followed by The History of Geological Exploration of Siberia. Many of his works deal with the origins of loess in Central Asia and Siberia, ice formation and permafrost in Siberia, problems of Siberian tectonics, and Siberian goldfields. He also authored many popular scientific works, such as Formation of Mountains and Ore Deposits (1932), Fundamentals of Geology (1944), Field Geology (1927), Ore Deposits (1928–1929), and others. All together, Obruchev authored over a thousand scientific works, among which are a most extensive geological study of Siberia and a five-volume history of the geological exploration of Siberia, which have been awarded the Lenin Prize as well as the prizes and medals of several scientific societies.

He was the director of the Geological Institute (1930-1933) and the Permafrost Institute (1939-1956) of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.

During 1954, he completed an extensive geographical study of Nan Shan Mountains in China based on his own and previous expeditions to the region and spent his last years working up a geological study of the mountains.

Works of fiction
In his native country Obruchev is best known as the author of two perennially popular science fiction novels, Plutonia (Плутония, 1915) and Sannikov Land (Земля Санникова, 1924). Both of these stories, imitating the pattern of Arthur Conan Doyle's The Lost World, depict in vivid detail the discovery of an isolated world of prehistoric animals in hitherto unexplored large islands north of Alaska or Siberia. In Plutonia, dinosaurs and other Jurassic species are found in a fictional underground area north of Alaska. The descriptive passages are made more credible by Obruchev's extensive knowledge of paleontology. "Sannikov Land" is named for a phantom island of the Arctic Ocean, reported historically by Yakov Sannikov in 1811. Paul J. McAuley praised the novel in a 1999 column, saying "It's true that the characters are indistinguishably wooden mouthpieces for the author's opinions, and the plot is pure pulp, but all this is redeemed by the novel's rigorous scientific sensibility."

During the Soviet period, Obruchev attempted to emulate Edwardian models of boys' adventure stories in his novels Golddiggers in the Desert (1928) and In the Wilds of Central Asia (1951).

Official positions

 * Professor of the Tomsk Engineering Institute (1919–1921),
 * Professor of the Tavrida University in Simferopol (1918–1919),
 * Professor of the Moscow Mining Academy (1921–1929);
 * Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1929);
 * Chairman of the Committee on Permafrost Studies (since 1930);
 * Director of the Institute of Permafrost Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (since 1939);
 * Secretary of the Department of Geological and Geographical Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1942–1946);
 * Honorary president of the Soviet Geographical Society (since 1948)

Awards and honors

 * The Przhevalsky Prize, 1894
 * Order of Saint Vladimir IV degree, 1895
 * Two Chikhachyov Prizes from the French Academy of Sciences (1898 and 1925)
 * The Constantine Medal of the Russian Geographical Society (1900)
 * Lenin Prize for the book Geologie von Sibirien (in German), 1926
 * The first ever Karpinsky Gold Medal (1947)
 * The Stalin Prizes (1941, 1950)
 * Orders of Lenin (1943, 1948, 1953)
 * Order of the Red Banner of Labour, and numerous medals.
 * Hero of Socialist Labour (1945)

Obruchev namesakes

 * Obruchevite, a mineral.
 * Academician Obruchev's Range in Tuva
 * A mountain in the upper reaches of the Vitim River
 * An oasis in Antarctica
 * Obruchev Hills, a group of rounded hills in Antarctica
 * Obruchev (crater) on the Moon
 * Mount Obruchev, a mountain in Antarctica
 * The Obruchev Prize was established by the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in 1938 to honor best works in the field of Siberian geology.
 * Vladimir Obruchev – oil and gas research vessel: built at Kirov shipyard, Khabarovsk; will operate in Caspian Sea.

Family

 * Vladimir Vladimirovich Obruchev, geological economist
 * Sergei Obruchev, a geologist, discovered the Chersky Range in Siberia.
 * Dmitry Obruchev, a paleontologist, was a leading authority on early vertebrates.

title: Vladimir Obruchev


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Looking After Jo Jo

Looking After Jo Jo is a 1998 BBC Scotland television drama starring Robert Carlyle.

John Joe "Jo Jo" McCann is petty thief turned drug dealer in 1980's Edinburgh, surviving in a bleak housing estate and aspiring to the trappings of a successful criminal. Unfortunately for him, and for most of the other characters in the mini-series, it is a time of heroin addiction and AIDS.

It is filmed and set in and around the North Sighthill housing estate, with several scenes also filmed in Niddrie.

Cast and characters

 * Robert Carlyle as John Joe "Jo Jo" McCann; a petty thief turned drug dealer. Jo Jo is troubled by memories of his past, in particular his father's death.
 * Kevin McKidd as Basil; One of Jo Jo's crew, who experiments early on with Heroin and leads the group to its sales.
 * Jenny McCrindle as Lorraine; Jo Jo's love interest, and a Marilyn Monroe lookalike.
 * Ewan Stewart as Charlie McCann; Jo Jo's criminal uncle.
 * Aline Mowat as Christine; Jo Jo's mother, bar worker and drug pusher.

Episodes

 * Episode 1: Steal the Herd

In 1982, Jo Jo McCann always manages to stay one step ahead of the police. Family loyalties are tested to the limit by his determination to set up a crime empire in opposition to his uncle, the local underworld kingpin who has a few ruthless ideas of his own.

 * Episode 2: Working Week

The attraction of making big money dealing heroin proves too much for recently acquitted Jo Jo, who jumps on the bandwagon at the first opportunity. But evil undercurrents of violence and addiction soon surface as he becomes consumed by Edinburgh's drug culture, prompting him to think carefully about his future.

 * Episode 3: Sink the Belgrano

It is 1983, Money begins to roll in at long last as Jo Jo's heroin business takes off in earnest. But what he doesn't take into account, is that his dodgy dealings are about to destroy everything he loves.

 * Episode 4: When Love Goes Wrong

The walls of Jo Jo's world come tumbling down as he finally uncovers the truth about his father's death. Meanwhile, the community spirit of the estate collapses under the pressure of Sarah's imprisonment, Charlie McCann's murder and a rampant Aids epidemic. Last in series.

Critical reception
The Guardian wrote "Despite a cortege-paced narrative, Looking After Jo Jo has enough wit and moral backbone to take its place alongside other recent gems in Scottish drama."

DVD release
Looking After Jo Jo was released on VHS by the BBC in 1999 after its initial showing on BBC Two in 1998. In 2015, Simply Media released it on DVD.

title: Looking After Jo Jo


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Spaceship Zero

Spaceship Zero is the title of a media franchise that includes a role-playing game and an indie rock CD.

Role-playing Game
The role-playing game was written by Warren Banks and Toren Atkinson, with contributions from John Scott Tynes, Monte Cook, and Andrew J Lucas. It was published by Green Ronin Publishing in 2002.

The game is a spoof and homage to 1950s and 1960s science fiction adventure television, such as Lost in Space. The game won the 2003 ENnie silver award for Best Non-Open-Gaming Product.

Game mechanics
The game mechanics are heavily rooted in the Basic Role-Playing system, including a rules system that is percentile-based. But creator Toren Atkinson noted the mechanic is based "on an old homemade game system of mine from the 80’s". The dice mechanic when performing skills is to roll as high as possible without going over your skill value. The system also brings in the concept of zero dice, which act similar to hero/fate/drama points from other Role-playing game systems.

Setting
The following quote is an accurate summation of the setting.

 * "The year is 2025. Earth spacecraft routinely crisscross the solar system, but leaving its confines has remained impossible until now. A scientist in the employ of SpaceCorp, a firm recently in dire financial straits, has invented the Better-Than-Light (BTL) Drive. If successful, it will usher mankind into an age of interstellar travel and SpaceCorp back into the black. The drive will be tested on a spacecraft designated Spaceship Zero, a Space Hopper Mark V stripped of weapons to accommodate the BTL Drive and the generator for the Bendall Field that protects the craft from the extreme gravity the BTL Drive creates. Presumably, most or all of the PCs are members of the Zero's crew.

 * "Regrettably, when the BTL drive is activated, it doesn't move the Zero at better-than-light speeds as advertised. Instead, it gives the ship infinite mass, creating a gravity well that destroys the entire universe and making the ship ground zero (pardon the pun) for a new Big Bang.

 * "Once the crew is through freaking out, they decide to use the Deconstitutor – the setting's equivalent of hypersleep, which works by reducing people into their essential salts (sound familiar, Lovecraft fans?) for storage – and wait for the new universe to re-evolve into what should, theoretically, be a carbon copy of the original.

 * "Well, like the BTL Drive, it was a nice theory."

Thirteen billion years later the crew is reconstituted, they hope that Universe 2 has evolved in exactly the same way that the Universe 1 they destroyed had. It mostly did, except for a few small differences, most notably a race of alien conquerors ravaging the solar system.

There are also a large number of Lovecraft and Cthulhu references throughout the setting and game manual.

Supplements
There are currently three published adventures for the Spaceship Zero roleplaying game. All are written by at least Toren Atkinson with others credited as noted. All follow an ongoing linear story arc. The titles of the three adventures are:
 * Asteroid X (Toren Atkinson, Evan Sass, Rick Achberger, Matt Wiseman) Adventure Maps
 * Slave Ship of Despair. (Toren Atkinson, Warren Banks, Andrew J. Lucas, and Brian "Chainsaw" Campbell)
 * The Strange Secret of Dr. Quisling. Inspired by a concept by Bob Wilkins

CD
An album by The Darkest of the Hillside Thickets was released a year before the role-playing game hit retail shelves. The original intention was to have both RPG and CD release within a similar timeframe, but the logistics of writing both an album and a role-playing game, trying to coincide their releases, proved to be problematic. The band was touring Canada, promoting the Spaceship Zero album while they were finishing up the final drafts of the role-playing game manuscript. The CD liner notes include a short story about Spaceship Zero and the crew.

Radio Play
In 2016, several "restored" episodes of the 1954 American radio dramas were released to the internet. Episodes include "Chapter One: The Crew Assembles," "Chapter Two: Into the Beyond," "Chapter Three: The Cataclysmic Miscalculation," "Chapter Four: Directive Beta Five," "Chapter Six: Escape From the Hydronauts," and "Chapter Nine: Twenty Minutes of Oxygen." The missing episodes were allegedly lost in a studio fire in 1962.

Comic Book
A short Spaceship Zero comic book story appeared in the graphic novel anthology Exploded View by Vancouver's Cloudscape Comics in 2010. It is based on the ongoing series of adventures already released (Asteroid X, Slave Ship of Despair, and The Strange Secret of Dr. Quisling) and is intended to be a prequel to that story arc..

Video
In summer 2010 the band filmed footage using a space suit and various props on location in the sand dunes of Richmond BC and a space ship set left over from the TV show Defying Gravity. The footage was cut into a video for their song "20 Minutes of Oxygen" and as a trailer for the film, and premiered at the event Cthulhupalooza II: Son of Cthulhupalooza in February 2011 in Vancouver.

Marketing
To enhance the ideas of the setting, the developers have based the game on a number of false documents, namely by referencing the game to television shows, radio plays, and films which did not and do not exist.

As the book explains, the game is based on a 1950s German radio play (Raumschiff Null being a direct translation of "Spaceship Zero"). The German radio play was based on a 1930s American moviehouse serial called Spaceship to the Stars (which eventually became an American television show in the 1950s). The German radio play eventually spawned a German television show (of the same name) that aired from 1978 to 1980. And all this has spawned an American film production. The game plays off the ruse in a variety of ways. For instance, a section of the book is devoted to episode summaries from the "old television series". And fake websites, hosted by the games' authors, detail the film's production. The marketing of the CD is similar - being referred to and played-up as a soundtrack.

The hoax has been readily accepted in a number of reviews for the title.

However, there neither is nor was any related film or plan to make one. This was, again, part of the elaborate ruse that played further into the premise of the roleplaying game. Atkinson confirmed in an interview that "There was never a Spaceship Zero movie, nor was there a TV show or radio serial upon which that movie was based.".

Other sources

 * Atkinson & Banks Spaceship Zero (Green Ronin Publishing, 2002, ISBN 0-9714380-9-9)
 * Detailed review at rpg.net.

title: Spaceship Zero


text:
User:Manojkuncheria

Manoj Kuncheria

Date of Birth 5th January 1974

title: User:Manojkuncheria


text:
Māris Smirnovs

Māris Smirnovs (born 2 June 1976) is a Latvian former professional footballer who played as a defender, and is currently the fitness coach of the manager of Latvia national team.

Smirnovs has played 22 international matches for Latvia. He debuted in 2002, and played at the Euro 2004.

Smirnovs played for Dinaburg, Valmiera, Ventspils, Amica Wronki, Ditton, Dinamo București, Górnik Zabrze, Jūrmala and Tranzit. At the conclusion of the 2010 Latvian Higher League season, Smirnovs retired from professional football.

Before the start of the 2012 Latvian First League season, Smirnovs was appointed as the assistant manager of FK Ventspils-2. In 2013, he became the assistant manager of FK Ventspils first team.

Honours
Ventspils
 * Latvian Cup: 2003, 2004

Dinamo București
 * Liga I: 2006–07

title: Māris Smirnovs


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Won Gyun

Won Gyun (12 February 1540 – 27 August 1597) was a Korean general and admiral during the Joseon period. He is best known for his campaigns against the Japanese during Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea. Won was a member of Wonju Won clan, which was well known for its members' military accomplishments. He was born in 1540 near Pyeongtaek and demonstrated his skill as warrior at a young age. He was qualified as a military officer and was first assigned to the northern border to defend against the Jurchens, who frequently raided Korean villages. Won led many successful campaigns with Yi Il and Yi Sun-sin against the Jurchens. After considerable accomplishments on the northern frontier, he was promoted to admiral in 1592 and sent to the southern coast of Gyeongsang Province to command the province's Western Fleet, along with Yi Sun-sin, who became admiral before Won and took command of Jeolla Province's Eastern Fleet. At the time, Won and Yi were cavalry leaders who had no experience with naval warfare.

Military career
Upon passing the qualification exam, he was assigned to the northern border to defend against the Jurchens, who frequently raided Korean villages. Won led successful campaigns along with Yi Il and Yi Sun-sin against the Jurchens. He was promoted to admiral in 1592 and sent to the southern coast of Gyeongsang Province to command the province's Eastern Fleet, with Yi Sun-sin, who became admiral before Won and took command of Jeolla Province's Western Fleet. At the time, Won and Yi were cavalry leaders who had no experience with naval warfare.

Before the Japanese invasion
Japan had just united after a long period of internal warfare by a new leader, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who had become supreme ruler over most of Japan by killing and co-opting many rivals to rise to power. He decided to begin an expansionist war against Japan's neighbors, beginning with Joseon as the first step to China, then under the Ming Dynasty. Some Koreans realized that the threat from Japan was great and argued that the Joseon dynasty needed to prepare for invasion from Japan as well as the existing Jurchen menace. However, the government was divided along factional lines, and officials could not reach a decision.

First wave of Japanese invasion
On April 13, 1592, the Japanese fleet, under Katō Kiyomasa, launched a sudden strike on the Eastern Fleet of Gyeongsang province and disabled every ship under its control. The main army under Kato and Konishi Yukinaga landed on the Korean Peninsula the next day and marched northward. Won, the commander of the Eastern Fleet of Gyeongsang Province, was also routed by the invading Japanese. (Won's predecessor was able to pass a fleet combat readiness inspection just one year before the war.) With an able force, Admiral Won might have had an opportunity to intercept and engage Japanese invading forces at sea, thus perhaps preventing or delaying the Japanese incursion on Korean soil. However, he decided not to act upon the naval intelligence regarding the Japanese incursion until the Japanese landing party had established a beachhead and successfully laid siege upon the city of Busan.

At that point, Won sank many of his ships in retreat to ensure they would not be captured by invading Japanese forces. With four ships left under his command, Won called for help from Yi Sun-sin, who had prepared for war and raised a smaller and battle ready fleet. King Seonjo finally ordered both admirals to fight against the Japanese forces on May 2, 1592. Won and Yi began their campaign two days later, with Admiral Yi Eok-gi, the commander of the Eastern Fleet of Jeolla Province who later became the commander of the Western Fleet of the same Province following Yi's promotion.

On May 7, the Korean navy under Yi destroyed a Japanese fleet in the Battle of Okpo. Later, Won was promoted to an army general, and Yi became naval chief of staff.

Plot to remove Yi Sun-sin
In 1597, the Japanese decided to stop all negotiations with the Koreans and Chinese Ming Dynasty and planned a re-invasion of Korea. To do so, they plotted to remove Admiral Yi Sun-sin from his position. Japanese spies directed by Konishi Yukinaga spread word that Katō Kiyomasa was urging other Japanese to continue fighting and would soon be crossing the sea. King Seonjo ordered Admiral Yi to capture Kato, but Yi refused to do so, as he knew that the words were the fabrications of Japanese agents.

Seonjo was in fear of a possible coup d'état attempt by Yi or by his supporters, which was never plotted, but Seonjo convinced himself it could happen any day: Yi refused to carry out his orders several times and his fleet was the strongest combat force on both sides. Yi refused to carry out the orders purely due to tactical reasons, but the act of insubordination itself, no matter how justifiable, frightened the King beyond his breaking point. King Seonjo finally ordered the execution of Yi, but the royal court reluctantly yet successfully resisted the order and was able to lower the punishment to imprisonment and demotion. Yi was placed under the command of Gwon Yul to recover from his wounds from the torture administered during the investigation of the charges against him. Seonjo then replaced Yi with Won Gyun as the naval chief of staff.

Battle of Chilcheonryang – Won Gyun's first and last naval engagement
Won also knew the information was false and did not advance toward Busan for the same tactical reasons Yi had reported to the royal court before his removal from the post. Yi was removed for refusing orders to engage the Japanese. The government continued to trust the information and ordered Won to attack Japanese ships at Ungchŏn. Won attacked the Japanese – who were mostly unarmed and protected under the cease-fire treaty to support the negotiation process which was about to be terminated – and defeated them. He lost one of his battleships and its captain during the attack. He did not advance after receiving a letter of protest from the Japanese commander. Then Field Marshal Gwon Yul, who was also under heavy pressure from the king, recalled Won to his headquarters and once again ordered him to attack Busan. Won finally led the navy towards Busan, along with the admiral Yi Eok Ki, following orders despite tactical considerations. The Japanese at first seemed to retreat, but it was a trap. The Japanese were prepared to devastate the Joseon navy before land invasion. The number of Japanese ships was so great that most of the Koreans were thoroughly intimidated, including Admiral Bae Seol. The Japanese fleet, commanded by Todo Takatora, advanced toward Won Gyun's fleets. Won knew that he would lose the battle but had no choice but to engage.

At the Battle of Chilchonryang, most of Joseon Navy's ships were destroyed. Won was considered to be killed in action while running away, when his brother was killed during this battle. Only the small detachment of twelve warships under the command of admiral Bae Sŏl – who refused to participate and fled even before the battle began – survived. Every other ship in the combat was destroyed or disabled, along with almost all of the Joseon navy line officers and many capable mid-level commanders.

Aftermath
The battle opened the route for the Japanese to advance to the Yellow Sea, and Todo devised a plan to attack Hanyang from land and sea with Katō Kiyomasa and Konishi Yukinaga. However, Japan's hopes were crushed again by Yi Sun-sin's return at the Battle of Myeongnyang, which would decide the winner of the devastating war. Despite any historical controversy, Won Gyun and Yi Sun-sin received commendations following their deaths.

Legacy
Next to his military career, Won Gyun is perhaps best known for his personal faults, which included excessive alcohol consumption and attempts at adultery. In his War Diaries, Yi Sun-Sin recalls reports and rumors about "cruel deeds" committed by Won and even mentions an incident in which Won had attempted to seduce one of his subordinates' wives, calling him a "wicked man" and (at least partially) blaming him for his degradation ("Won employs all means to entrap me").

Much controversy lingers in regard to Won Gyun as a military leader. Widely panned by scholars and historians, there is recent research to suggest that Won Gyun may have been excessively vilified during the Park Chung Hee administration to elevate Yi Sun-sin by juxtaposition. In particular, Won Gyun's earlier successes against the Jurchens have been buried and there is an interest in providing a more objective view of Won Gyun's military career.

While fault exists for Won Gyun's mistakes as a naval officer, much of the blame of the troubles during that period lies in the factionalized incompetence of the royal court. However, it is still hard to ignore his actions and lack of competency as a naval commander, and blame the political instability and indecision of the royal court for the result of the battle of Chilcheonryang. The battle led to the near-complete annihilation of the Korean navy in a single engagement against the Japanese, who had previously been unable to prevail against the Koreans in naval engagements. Some explain his legacy of poor command to be an unfortunate byproduct of comparison with his more successful associate, Yi Sun-sin.

Parents

 * Father – Won Jun-ryang, Internal Prince Pyeongwon (? 18 December – ? 27 January)
 * Mother – Lady Yang of the Namwon Yang clan

Siblings

 * Younger brother – Won Yeon (1543–1597); became the adoptive son of his uncle Won Su-ryang
 * Younger brother – Won Yong or Won Hun
 * Younger brother – Won Jeon or Yun Oh (? – 1597)
 * Younger brother – Won Ji
 * Younger sister – Lady Won of the Wonju Won clan
 * Younger brother – Won Gon
 * Younger brother – Won Gam
 * Younger brother – Won Hae

Wives and issues

 * Yun Chi-sam, Lady Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan (파평 윤씨; 1546 – 16 September 1642)
 * Son – Won Sa-eung (1575–1646)
 * Daughter – Lady Won of the Wonju Won clan
 * Unnamed concubine
 * Unnamed concubine

Film and television

 * Portrayed by Choi Jae-sung in the 2004–2005 KBS1 TV series Immortal Admiral Yi Sun-sin.
 * Portrayed by Son Hyun-joo in the 2022 film Hansan: Rising Dragon.

Comics

 * In Yi Soon Shin: Warrior and Defender, as one of Yi's adversaries.

Video games
In the Admiral Yi campaign of the video game Empires: Dawn of the Modern World, Won Gyun is portrayed as a traitor to Korea, allying first with Manchu raiders harassing Korea's north and later with the Japanese invaders. In this portrayal, Won Gyun appears to be responsible for masterminding both attacks on Korea, with the eventual aim of becoming King of a reduced Korea, allied to Japan and a tributary to Ming China. His treachery is discovered by Ryu Seong-ryong, and he is arrested.

title: Won Gyun


text:
Talk:Phillip Fulmer

Most important thing
I seriously doubt the most important thing in Phil Fulmer's history is the NC in 1998. More likely, it is Academic Fraud that Linda-Bensel Myers exposed. Or it could be cash payments to Tee Martin that were uncovered by Paul Rowe. Or it could be former player Romie Hawkins admitting that several players were paid to come to Tennessee by fulmer.

Hawkins has mysteriously disappeared since making these comments.

 * Oh please! How come when Fulmer cooperates with an NCAA investigation, he's a fink, and broke a gentlemen's agreement", but some bitter prof is a hero! I'm confused! (NOT!) - BillCJ 22:56, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

Dec. 12, 2005
Seems that this article has become a place for ut fans to come and editorialize what they think about him. Well its not. This is a place to list FACTS about the man, NOT OPINIONS. And the facts listed should describe who he is and what he has done.

Dec. 13, 2005
User @ IP Address 4.153.86.222 is proud to say that he wants the FACTS regarding Tennessee Football player Tee Martin and the cheating at ut to come out. This is fulmer's legacy, and despite what UT fans wish, cannot be ignored. This aint Russia kiddo. Obviously you are not interested in the facts, just telling lies about fulmer and are obviously biased.

Dec. 22, 2005
Added a few important FACTS since Fulmer is getting such a bad rap here. Here come the haters. BDSIII

Dec. 29, 2005
4.153.86.222 added highly inappropriate and biased information, insinuating that Fulmer cheated on his wife, spent all his time trying to get Alabama on probation, and routinely bought off witnesses. This is not an opinion page. If this content is added again, I will report you. Dlong 15:55, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

No user 4.153.86.222 told the truth, something the comrades here from Knoxville don't care for. You can tell because as soon as one of the 'non-biased' ut fans come back, they will revert this entry back to the version that fails to even MENTION the 2005 season. I guess the viles think if they don't mention the 5-6 season, that it never happened.

You should be ashamed of yourself Dlong. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.152.102.174 (talk • contribs)

The text that Anon 4.152.102.174 has been adding is highly POV and not very encyclopedic. If you feel that the information is worth keeping in, please see Wikipedia is not a soapbox and then fnd a way to include the facts without violating WP:NPOV. It might also help to talk the issue out here, rather than engaging in a rever war where you are outnumbered. And please, do not edit other users' comments. Thanks. -- Vary | Talk 22:08, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

I'm in agreement that the 2005 season should be mentioned (although not too happy about it). I put a few sentences in there supported by UTs site. Feel free to add to it but guys, don't put opinionated stuff in there. Somebody will just take it right back out. It stays on there for what, a few hours? Besides, hasn't the big guy and the Knoxvillians been through enough this year? Go mess with the real enemy, the PAC 10, if you need to vent. Let's keep it on the field. BDSIII 0730, 16 January 2006 (ZULU)

Dec. 29, 2005
Added FACTS back in per SEC FACTS. Not biased, just trying to balance the article. BDSIII

Rating
removed bias comments from rival fan. --STS01 03:43, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

WAY too much info on the investigations and allegations here. Time to cut the fat so to speak.

June 14, 2007
Today is the first time I visited the Phillip Fulmer wiki, and I'm less than impressed. There are way too many subjective, opinion-based assertions in this BIOGRAPHY. I don't agree or disagree with the things I deleted, but they should not be here.

Do I think Fulmer should be let go? Honestly, yes. Do I think that needs to be highlighted in the bio? No.

Fulmer-Majors Controversy
If I recall, there was a little more to the Fulmer-Majors fiasco in the early 1990s.

Before the 1992 season, Majors suffered a heart attack, and Fulmer was named interim head coach. While interim head coach, Fulmer compiled a 4-0 record, including an upset win over Florida. When Majors returned, Tennessee lost three straight to Arkansas, Alabama, and South Carolina, all of which had losing records. The media and many of the fans blamed Majors for the turn-around, and UT finally bought out his contract. Majors was apparently bitter, since he left before the season was over and refused to coach the Hall of Fame Bowl.

Just thought this might be worth adding...

Bms4880 20:22, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Should this article be semi-protected?
As of the recents events involving Fulmer, I believe this article should be semi-protected to prevent vandalism and speculations from anonymous users. Feel free on what should take place. Averagetennesseejoe (talk) 18:30, 2 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Phillip Fulmer


text:
Talk:Mister Softee

Untitled
It's good to see that the article has been internationalised. But are Mister Softee in the United States and in Hong Kong related, despite sharing the same name? — Instantnood 18:01, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

Shouldn't the two companies be seperated on two pages?
well they are neither from the same company, nor the same country, they nearly have no releationship at all.

 * Agreed, and done. Hong Kong Softee split off into Mister Softee (Hong Kong).  SchuminWeb (Talk) 19:51, 4 November 2010 (UTC)

Royal Ice Cream?
Why is there a redirect from Royal Ice Cream? There's no mention of Royal in the article. What's the connection? KCinDC (talk) 03:58, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

Robert Pronge
since wikipedia looks down on "trivia" sections, where would one put something about infamous mafia hitman Robert "mr. softee" Pronge? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.23.137.224 (talk) 06:13, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

Jingle while parked
I'm literally standing in Flushing Meadows park while a parked Mister Softee truck selling ice cream is playing its jingle on repeat. Was the regulation only for Manhattan or only for streets, or has Mayor de Blasio dismantled another legacy of the Bloomberg administration? Ulmanor (talk) 16:21, 22 April 2014 (UTC)

Jingle from Meyerbeer opera?
I found this strange footnote attached to a citation about the noise control laws.
 * The jingle's tune is from Giacomo Meyerbeer's ballet music for his opera "Roberto le Diable (1831).

There's no citation for this, and the tune is already attributed to "The Whistler and His Dog" in the article. I'm curious if there is any basis of research for this statement, or if some user was just adding their own personal thought here. - Rainwarrior (talk) 07:05, 19 December 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071217120201/http://esopusmag.com/files/ARCHIVE_FLASH/4/SOFTSERVE/ to http://esopusmag.com/files/ARCHIVE_FLASH/4/SOFTSERVE/

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Added some sources
Hi, I added some sources which I believe are reliable and WP:INDEPENDENT ones. Feel free to go over them. Bekkadn (talk) 09:59, 18 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mister Softee


text:
User talk:MattDumas

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
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If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 16:28, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:MattDumas


text: User talk:132.239.61.201

title: User talk:132.239.61.201


text:
User talk:Knowledge-is-power

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary
 * Add the correct image copyright tag to any images you upload
 * Create a User page
 * Be bold
 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 16:28, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Toorak Tractor
I have added a "" template to the article Toorak Tractor, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Serpent's Choice 07:15, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

June 2008
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to Toyota Prius has been reverted, as it appears to have removed content from the page without explanation. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thanks. Gail (talk) 13:24, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:56, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Knowledge-is-power


text:
The Wicker Man (song)

"The Wicker Man" is a song by English heavy metal band Iron Maiden. It was released on 8 May 2000 as the first single and opening track from their twelfth studio album, Brave New World (2000). It preceded the release of Brave New World by three weeks. It is also the first single by the band since 1989's single "Infinite Dreams" to feature "The Trooper"-era lineup with vocalist Bruce Dickinson and guitarist Adrian Smith returning to the band in 1999. It was co-written by Smith, Dickinson and Steve Harris. It was co-produced by Kevin Shirley and Harris. The title is inspired by the British cult film of the same name. The song should not be confused with "Wicker Man" from Dickinson's solo career, the lyrics of which are more closely themed around the film. The latter song can be found on the 2 disc edition of The Best of Bruce Dickinson.

Composition
According to Dickinson, 'The Wicker Man' initially started off as a riff that Adrian Smith was "bouncing around with". Dickinson thought that the riff sounded good and he began to add a catchy melody to the song. Then Steve Harris began to play along to the riff. Dickinson stated that the song was written without even trying to get a single-length track. It was also the first song that the band rehearsed together since the return of Dickinson and Smith. Dickinson said the process of writing the lyrics attempted to get "the same vibe I get when I stand onstage in front of all these people and they start singing and chanting with you".

The radio version of the song differs from the album track, with the chorus' first and third line "Your time will come" followed by the line, "Thy will be done", and the last line is followed by "Don't turn, don't run." This is the case for every chorus except for the third chorus in which the third line is followed by "I'll be the one" and the fourth line is followed by "Burn on the sun." This version is considered extremely rare.

The single's cover art was by Mark Wilkinson, after a piece by the famed artist Derek Riggs was rejected. This was the last piece Riggs would create for Iron Maiden, until Flight 666, reasoning that they were too hard to work with. This art work was used for the picture vinyl disc and various minor pressings.

In 2001, the song was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category "Best Metal Performance" but lost to "Elite" by Deftones.

This song was also included as a playable song in game Rock Band Blitz.

The Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League have used a portion of The Wicker Man as their goal celebration song starting in the 2011-12 season, up through the 2017-18 season.

Limited Editions
A limited edition of "The Wicker Man" was also released. The limited edition contained 2 CDs and a double-faced poster, as well as a selection of live songs recorded during the Ed Hunter Tour. The European release of the single also contained a beermat.

CD 1 had a picture of the band on the cover of the cd the same as the single cover; CD 2 was clear with a picture of the "Wicker Man" on the cd.

The 12-inch LP picture disc had the "Wicker Man" on the A side and the people with animal masks on the B side.

Track listings
Standard edition
 * 1) "The Wicker Man" (Adrian Smith, Steve Harris, Bruce Dickinson) – 4:35
 * 2) "Futureal" (live – Helsinki Ice Hall, Finland 15 September 1999) (Harris, Blaze Bayley) – 2:58
 * 3) "Man on the Edge" (live – Filaforum, Milano, Italy 23 September 1999) (Bayley, Janick Gers) – 4:37
 * 4) "The Wicker Man" (video) (Smith, Harris, Dickinson) – 4:35

Limited edition disc 1
 * 1) "The Wicker Man" (Smith, Harris, Dickinson) – 4:35
 * 2) "Man on the Edge" (live – Filaforum, Milano, Italy 23 September 1999) (Bayley, Gers) – 4:37
 * 3) "Powerslave" (live – Palau Olimpico, Barcelona, Spain 25 September 1999) (Dickinson) – 7:11
 * 4) "The Wicker Man" (video) (Smith, Harris, Dickinson) – 4:35

Limited edition disc 2
 * 1) "The Wicker Man" (Smith, Harris, Dickinson) – 4:35
 * 2) "Futureal" (live – Helsinki Ice Hall, Finland 15 September 1999) (Harris, Bayley) – 2:58
 * 3) "Killers" (live – Ahoy, Rotterdam, Netherlands 10 September 1999) (Harris, Paul Di'Anno) – 4:28
 * 4) "Futureal (live video)" (Harris, Bayley) – 2:58

12-inch picture disc LP
 * A1. "The Wicker Man" (Smith, Harris, Dickinson) – 4:35
 * B1. "Powerslave" (live – Palau Olimpico, Barcelona, Spain 25 September 1999) (Dickinson) – 7:11
 * B2. "Killers" (live – Ahoy, Rotterdam, Netherlands 10 September 1999) (Harris, Di'Anno) – 4:28

Personnel
Production credits are adapted from the CD, and picture disc covers.

Iron Maiden
 * Bruce Dickinson – lead vocals
 * Dave Murray – guitar
 * Janick Gers – guitar
 * Adrian Smith – guitar
 * Steve Harris – bass guitar, co-producer
 * Nicko McBrain – drums

Production
 * Kevin Shirley – producer, mixing (except "Killers", "Powerslave")
 * Doug Hall – mixing ("Killers", "Powerslave")
 * George Marino – mastering ("The Wicker Man")
 * Simon Heyworth – mastering (except "The Wicker Man")
 * Johnny Burke – video footage
 * Mark Wilkinson – sleeve illustration

title: The Wicker Man (song)


text: User talk:24.73.173.91

title: User talk:24.73.173.91


text:
Buellas

Buellas (Bouèla) is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.

Geography
Buellas is located between the plain of Bresse and the plateau of Dombes. The Veyle forms the commune's northeastern border.

Sights

 * Parc botanique de la Teyssonnière, a botanical park

title: Buellas


text:
Talk:Private library

Removal of cleanup mark
What else should be done to this article before the Cleanup mark can be removed? It seems to meet most MoS suggestions. Grika Ⓣ 16:31, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

A lot more. You are right in doing an article on private libraries. They are certainly very important and they merit pages and pages of description, with links to the articles that deal with books and book collecting, and also mansions. For several centuries there were very few public libraries or none at all and the transmission of knowledge depedned a lot on private libraires. This is still true in many countries. However, at several places in this article you are confusing true private libraries, which are in the homes of individuals, and "special librairies", which are small, specialised libraries in the offices of lawyers, big companies, and all kinds of organisations. This term, "special libraires" is the correct term, in most of the english speaking world for this type of library. The older term "documentation center" is used also sometimes. There is already an article on the Special Libraries Association with a link to the web pages of the association, but there is not yet an article on "special libraries" Go take a look at the web site of the special libraries association to have a better idea of the importance of that particular term and the difference with a private library. --AlainV 04:03, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Lists of private libraries
I'm raising the generic topic of creating a page for List of Private Libraries. In an age when so many people are merely adding an ebook to their kindle library, it is worth noting that there are bibliophiles out there who have interesting private collections of several thousand volumes (e.g., George Lucas). However, these private libraries are not individually sufficiently noteworthy for their own pages (or they are not well documented). The current short list of Famous private libraries on this page is for historic exemplars rather than for a list of contemporary private libraries, which should probably be noted along with their size and perhaps topical area, if any. If no one comments back I will cross-post to an appropriate page on Wikiproject:Libraries. But creating such a list page is perhaps not really of much concern from library science perspective. Zatsugaku (talk) 16:33, 14 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Private library


text:
Washington's Tomb (United States Capitol)

Washington's Tomb is an empty burial chamber two stories directly below the Rotunda of the United States Capitol building in Washington, DC. It was included in the original design of the building by William Thornton and intended to entomb the body of George Washington, the first President of the United States. The original design of the rotunda, and the Crypt beneath it, included a central glass floor allowing the public to view Washington's Tomb two floors below, but this was never implemented.

When Washington died in 1799, the Capitol was still under construction. Both houses of Congress passed a resolution calling for Washington to be entombed in the Capitol upon its completion. His wife, Martha Washington, agreed to the plan despite the presence in her husband's will of a provision that he be buried at Mount Vernon. However, the original resolution was never carried out due to disputes over the specific design and cost of the tomb and the body was placed in a temporary tomb at Mount Vernon. Congress again attempted to resolve these issues in 1800, 1816, 1824, and 1829, when the Architect of the Capitol prepared plans for the tomb in anticipation of the approaching centennial of Washington's birth.

Congress renewed its call to transfer the body to the Capitol in 1830, after an attempt to steal Washington's head in which the Mount Vernon tomb was vandalized and several of Washington's relatives' corpses desecrated in 1830. The current owner of the property, John Washington, decided to build a new, more secure tomb on the site instead.

Formerly, the Lincoln Catafalque was stored and exhibited in the tomb. It is kept, at present, in a specially constructed display area in the Exhibition Hall of the Capitol Visitor Center.


text:
Talk:Ed (TV series)

Untitled
I would like to buy the box set of this series and I don't know where to get it. Help?

Sorry, there is no box set. I feel your pain. Jmars

Isn't it millions of dollars, not thousands that the firm Ed worked for lost? I've changed this, if it is wrong, just change it back. 70.111.251.203 19:39, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

I'm going to remove the 'they got married part'. I mean the rest of the synopsis is great and if you leave it out it's spoiler-free...--Artificialard 05:00, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

Intro Song
Anybody else noticed a different intro song between the NBC and the channel 4 episodes? I actually prefer the UK version; but i don't know what it is. Thought somebody would like to add it to the wiki. What is that song!?!?! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 82.19.124.112 (talk) 15:41, 9 February 2007 (UTC).

i've got a box set of the entire series. Found somewhere near the end of the internet about two years ago. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.183.250.160 (talk) 03:09, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

I seem to remember the opening theme being "Closing Time" by Semisonic, local Minneapolis band… — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.63.172.128 (talk) 04:35, 3 June 2012 (UTC)

$10 Bets
If anyone can find a list of Ed and Mike's $10 bets I think that'd be a really cool addition to the site.Ganfon 03:19, 20 October 2006 (UTC) Bet # 1: Mike bets Ed $10 "to meow loud enough to make that old guy turn around" (Season 1, Episode 2) Bet # 2: Mike bets Ed $10 "to drink the rest of the syrup in the bottle" (Season 1, Episode 3) Bet # 3: Ed bets Mike $10 to only say "Burger Me" to a waitress (Season 1, Episode 4) Bet # 4: Mike bets Ed $10 "If you go over and ask that cute blonde if you can buy her a drink ... with these beer nuts in your mouth" (Season 1, Episode 5) Bet # 5: Ed bets Mike $10 "If you go over there and call that guy mommy" (Season 1, Episode 6) Bet # 6: Mike bets Ed $10 "If you can get him to tell you where the lettuce is under one minute, but you have to call it "Lettooose".  (Season 1, Episode 7) Bet # 7:  Mike bets Ed $10 "If you give your order to the waitress in rhyme"  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.55.134.75 (talk) 15:53, 29 December 2010 (UTC)

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.52.74.33 (talk) 20:04, 5 December 2010 (UTC)

Episode Pages?
Anybody else think it would be at least slightly meaningful to make Ed episode pages? I have all of at least season 1 on VHS and wouldn't mind starting it...Drhgm6 04:23, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

Age Discrepancy
The one ongoing glaring discrepancy for me in this series was the obvious age difference between Ed and Carol Vessey - in real life they are nearly 7 years apart, but in TV-land they were high-school buddies. Aah Hollywood; can't cast a 37-year-old as a love interest and make it interesting. Raymondwinn (talk) 16:31, 21 September 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Ed (TV series)


text:
Challes-la-Montagne

Challes-la-Montagne is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.

The commune was formerly called Challes and was officially renamed on 7 July 2006.

title: Challes-la-Montagne


text:
SAFARI

SAFARI was an attempt by the French government, under the presidency of Georges Pompidou, to create a centralized database of personal data. SAFARI stands for Système Automatisé pour les Fichiers Administratifs et le Répertoire des Individus, "Automated System for Administrative Files and the Repertory of Individuals".

History
The first mention of the project was made in a three-page article in the INSEE central review in March 1970. The French government began secretly working on the SAFARI project in 1973. The project aimed to identify French citizens with a unique number that would connect the information about them from various databases. In particular, it would use the INSEE code (also used as a Social Security number). The system was to be based on the Iris-80 computer.

On March 21, 1974, an article in the newspaper Le Monde by journalist Philippe Boucher revealed the existence of the project. The public outcry was immense, some critics comparing it to the national identity database created by the Vichy regime during Nazi occupation. The massive popular rejection of SAFARI prompted the minister of justice to create the Commission on Data Processing and Freedom, also known as the Tricot Commission after its leader Bernard Tricot. This led to the creation of the CNIL to ensure data privacy, as well as an accompanying 1978 law, the Data Protection and Liberties Act, restricting the storage and processing of personal data.

title: SAFARI


text:
Next (Desperate Housewives)

"Next" is the second season premiere episode of the American comedy-drama series Desperate Housewives, and the 24th episode overall. It was originally broadcast in the United States on September 25, 2005, on ABC. It was written by Jenna Bans and Kevin Murphy and was directed by Larry Shaw.

In the episode, Susan (Teri Hatcher) recovers from having been held hostage while Gabrielle (Eva Longoria) attempts to salvage her marriage to her incarcerated husband, Carlos (Ricardo Antonio Chavira). Meanwhile, Bree (Marcia Cross) deals with her mother-in-law following her husband's death and Lynette (Felicity Huffman) goes back to work. The episode also introduces the mystery storyline revolving around Betty Applewhite (Alfre Woodard) and her family.

According to Nielsen ratings, "Next" was watched by 28.4 million viewers, making it the most watched season premiere on ABC in nine years. The episode also ranks as the second-most watched in series history, behind the first-season finale in May 2005. The episode received general positive reviews, with Cross earning universal praise for her performance. Critics enjoyed Woodard's acting as well as her character's storyline.

Background
Desperate Housewives focuses on the residents living in the suburban neighborhood of Wisteria Lane. In previous episodes, Mike Delfino (James Denton) learns that he is the biological father of Zach Young (Cody Kasch), whose adopted parents, Mary Alice (Brenda Strong) and Paul (Mark Moses), killed Mike's previous girlfriend and Zach's biological mother years earlier. Mike kidnapped Paul and left him stranded in the desert while Zach holds Mike's current girlfriend, Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher) hostage as part of his plan to kill Mike. Tom Scavo (Doug Savant) quit his job and decided to become a stay-at-home father, forcing his wife, Lynette (Felicity Huffman) to reenter the work force. Gabrielle Solis's (Eva Longoria) affair with her teenage gardener, John Rowland (Jesse Metcalfe), is exposed just as she discovers she is pregnant and her husband, Carlos (Ricardo Antonio Chavira), is sentenced to time in prison. Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross) learned that her husband, Rex (Steven Culp), died while awaiting surgery. Also, Betty Applewhite (Alfre Woodard) and her son, Matthew (Mehcad Brooks), moved to Wisteria Lane.

Episode
Mike arrives home to find Zach holding Susan hostage. Before Zach has the opportunity to kill Mike, Susan wrestles the gun away from him and Zach runs away. Later, Susan discovers that Mike does not want to press charges against Zach, who is still missing. When she questions him, Mike confesses that Zach is his biological son. Susan tearfully congratulates Mike, but tells him that she cannot keep dating him if he continues to search for Zach, given Zach's history with her daughter Julie.

Rex's mother, Phyllis Van de Kamp (Shirley Knight), comes to town for Rex's funeral. She and Bree clash heads throughout her visit, especially when Phyllis claims that Bree made Rex miserable during his last years, prompting Bree to disinvite her from the funeral. Eventually, Bree reconsiders; however, during the service, Bree discovers that Rex is being buried in his high school tie, which Phyllis insisted but Bree expressly forbade. Bree changes Rex's tie in the middle of the funeral.

With Carlos in prison, John assumes that he and Gabrielle will continue their relationship, but Gabrielle is livid after John told Carlos about their affair. Meanwhile, Carlos demands a paternity test if he and Gabrielle are to work on their marriage. Unwilling to actually take a test, Gabrielle obtains another patient's results and passes them off to Carlos as her own. Nevertheless, Carlos tells her that he is not satisfied.

Lynette interviews for a job in an advertisement firm. Her interviewer, an irritable woman named Nina Fletcher (Joely Fisher), is skeptical of Lynette's competence after learning that she has four children, but asks her to come back for a final interview with her boss anyway. After Tom throws out his back, Lynette is forced to bring Penny, her toddler, to the second interview. Despite these unusual circumstances, Lynette manages to impress Nina's boss, Ed Ferrara (Currie Graham), who hires her on the spot.

As Betty, a former concert pianist, continues to get settled in the neighborhood, she agrees to play at Rex's funeral. Later, she and Matthew bring a tray of food to a chained prisoner in their basement.

Production
"Next" was written by Jenna Bans and Kevin Murphy and directed by Larry Shaw. While developing storylines for the second season, series creator Marc Cherry stated, "I want to keep finding new ways to talk about issues that relate to everyday women," explaining that the show needs to focus on "small, real, everyday issues" in order to keep the audience interested. Cherry cited the Lynette storyline as an example of this strategy: "Lynette will have a job next season (returning to her advertising roots), so I want to address how difficult it is to go to work all day and then come home and be expected to also take care of your house." Huffman recognized that her character's storylines needed a change of pace, but hoped that Lynette's domestic life would still play an integral role this season. "My hope is to not get lost in the corporate world; that it's still a home and family/husband and children story," she explained. "But how many times can you go, 'Kids, clear your plates!'" The episode also introduced Joely Fisher as Lynette's new boss, Nina Fletcher. Fisher describes her character as "nasty," elaborating: "Lynette suddenly has to come up against this tiger lady who never stops reminding Lynette that she's childless by choice. Even though Nina is not a housewife, she is desperate in her own way." Due to the death of his character, Steven Culp did not return to the series for the second season. For the open casket scene in "Next", producers created a life mask of the actor. Savant was promoted to series regular after appearing as a recurring guest star throughout the first season.

The episode is the first to feature Alfre Woodard and Mehcad Brooks as series regulars after they were introduced in the final two episodes of the first season. Woodard played Betty Applewhite, a "deeply religious, overbearing single mother" while Mehcad portrayed her son, Matthew. In regards to the characters and their mystery storyline, Cherry stated: "They come on the street; they seem like nice people—but they've got a secret. And it's pretty gothic. It's real and human and awful all at the same time." Woodard commented that her character "never means harm ... Let's just say she has flaws. She had to make some really tough decisions quick and if the law ever catches up with her, she'll have to serve time ... But they'll never catch her." The final scene in which Betty and Matthew bring food to the prisoner in their basement was originally intended for the first-season finale but saved for "Next" instead.

While the Applewhites are regarded as the first major black characters on the series, Cherry stated that the role of Betty was originally offered to two white film actresses, both of whom turned it down due to financial and time commitment issues. He clarified: "There's nothing strategically black about her character. Her color is incidental." Woodard had never seen the show before accepting the role. Desperate Housewives producers sent her fifteen episodes of the show, which she divided amongst various family members. After they compared storylines, Woodard recalled that she became "instantly hooked" on the series. Woodard reported experiencing heavy media attention after accepting the role. Both Brooks and his brother, Billy, auditioned for the role of Matthew. The final decision came down to both brothers as well as two other actors. According to Cherry, Brooks was cast because he exuded a "dangerous" element, as well as "a combination of this wholesome, sweet quality and a dark, brooding quality."

Ratings
According to Nielsen ratings, "Next" was watched by 28.4 million viewers. It held a 12.1 rating/26 share on its original broadcast, indicating a 36 percent increase since the series premiere one year earlier and helping ABC earn its largest Sunday night audience in 10 years. Additionally, it was ABC's most watched season premiere in nine years. The episode was the second-most watched program of the week, behind only CSI on CBS. It was the most watched program among viewers 18 to 49 years of age. The episode is the second-most watched episode of the series, following the first-season finale in May 2005.

Critical reception
Variety Brian Lowry gave the episode a positive review. He opined that the Lynette storyline looked "extremely promising" and enjoyed the addition of Joely Fisher to the cast as Lynette's "tight-assed new boss." He identified the Bree storyline as "the real water-cooler sequence" and complimented Marcia Cross' performance. However, Lowry criticized the Gabrielle and Susan storylines, opining that they are "exhibiting signs of wear and tear." Michael Slezak of Entertainment Weekly noted that the episode had "a particularly sleepy opening 20 minutes" while its exciting plot points all occurred in the second half of the episode. He praised the scene in which Bree changes the tie on Rex's corpse and called Cross' performance throughout the episode "pitch-perfect." Slezak also complimented Huffman's performance, but wondered if Fisher was "a steely enough an actress to go Manolo-a-Manolo with Huffman every week." Though he criticized the repetitive nature of the Susan and Gabrielle storylines, Slezak thought that the Applewhite mystery would help reduce the show's chances of falling into a sophomore slump. He praised Woodward's acting as well as her character's storyline, opining, "there's something so inherently warm and maternal in Woodard's performance, such apple-pie wholesomeness, that it makes her touches of menace all the more chilling."

Gael Fashingbauer Cooper of MSNBC complimented that Applewhite storyline, writing: "Forget Lynette's career stress, Gabrielle's baby daddy drama, and even Bree's new widowhood: This story has legs, and apparently arms." She found it strange that the Bree, Andrew, and Danielle characters showed little emotion in regards to Rex's death. Additionally, she noted that the Lynette and Gabrielle storylines provided comic relief while Susan, a character "so often saddled with the comic relief of the show, had a sad and serious premiere." Sarah Gilbert of TV Squad gave the episode a positive review, stating the episode delivered "lots of juicy resolution, several power suits, and (you guessed it) lots of tears and shouting." The Futon Critic selected "Next" as the 42nd best television episode of 2005, writing, "Say what you will about the show's rocky sophomore season but one can't deny how strongly it started," and citing the tie-changing scene as the episode's most memorable moment.

In 2005, Bans and Murphy were nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for Best Episodic Comedy writing, but lost to Jenji Kohan, who penned the pilot episode of the Showtime series Weeds.

title: Next (Desperate Housewives)


text:
Challex

Challex is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.

title: Challex


text:
Setback (land use)

In land use, a setback is the minimum distance which a building or other structure must be set back from a street or road, a river or other stream, a shore or flood plain, or any other place which is deemed to need protection. Depending on the jurisdiction, other things like fences, landscaping, septic tanks, and various potential hazards or nuisances might be regulated and prohibited by setback lines. Setbacks along state, provincial, or federal highways may also be set in the laws of the state or province, or the federal government.

Local governments create setbacks through ordinances, zoning restrictions, and Building Codes, usually for reasons of public policy such as safety, privacy, and environmental protection.

Neighborhood developers may create setback lines (usually defined in Covenants & Restrictions, and set forth in official neighborhood maps) to ensure uniform appearance in the neighborhood and prevent houses from crowding adjacent structures or streets. In some cases, building ahead of a setback line may be permitted through special approval.

Overview
Homes usually have a setback from the property boundary, so that they cannot be placed close together. Setbacks may also allow for public utilities to access the buildings, and for access to utility meters. In some municipalities, setbacks are based on street right-of-ways, and not the front property line. Nonetheless, many of the world's cities, such as those built in the US before 1916 and the beginnings of zoning in the United States, do not employ setbacks. Zoning –and laws pertaining to site development, such as setbacks for front lawns– has been criticized recently by urban planners (most notably Jane Jacobs) for the role that these laws have played in producing urban sprawl and automobile-dependent, low-density cities.

Older houses have smaller setbacks between properties, as walking was a primary mode of transportation and the distance people walked to actual destinations and, eventually, streetcar stops had to be kept short out of necessity. Distances of one to five feet at most are common in neighborhoods built in the United States before 1890, when the electric streetcar first became popular. Most suburbs laid out before 1920 have narrow lots and setbacks of five to fifteen feet between houses. As automobile ownership became common, setbacks increased further because zoning laws required developers to leave large spaces between the house and street.

Recently, in some areas of the United States, setback requirements have been lowered so as to permit new homes and other structures to be closer to the street, one facet of the low impact development urban design movement. This permits a more usable rear yard and limits new impervious surface areas for the purposes of stormwater infiltration.

Mailboxes, on the other hand, often have a maximum setback instead of a minimum one. A postal administration or postmaster may mandate that if a mailbox on a street is too far from the curb for the letter carrier to insert mail, without having to get out of the vehicle, the mail may not be delivered to that address at all until the situation is corrected.

Setbacks in Canada
British Columbia uses a minimum setback of 4.5 metres (15 feet) of any building, mobile home, retaining wall, or other structure from all highway rights-of-way under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure unless the building has access from another street, in which case the allowed setback is 3 metres (10 feet).

title: Setback (land use)


text:
Talk:Setback (land use)

Wiki excess
This article had way too many wikilinks, in my opinion. So I narrowed down the links I thought weren't necessary. Reference: make only links relevant to the context. jareha 21:55, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Merge with "Building setback"
This article should really be a disambiguation page. I propose folding this article into the Building setback.Asknine 04:03, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Setback (land use)


text:
User:David Pierce/Turkish vocabulary

ÈÙÖĖİ Sevgili hemşehrim nasılsın  ben şu aralar çok iyiyim daha daha nasılsın ĈÉ

title: User:David Pierce/Turkish vocabulary


text:
Parahepialiscus

Parahepialiscus is a monotypic moth genus of the family Hepialidae. The only described species is P. borneensis of Borneo.

title: Parahepialiscus


text:
Vladimirs Koļesņičenko

Vladimirs Koļesņičenko (Владимир Колесниченко; born 4 May 1980 in Riga) is a retired Latvian footballer and the former chairman of Latvian Higher League club Skonto Riga.

Club career
Being a member of Skonto Riga footballing system, Koļesņičenko started his career in 1996 with Skonto-Metāls, later joining the same club in 1997, but this time with a different name - Skonto Riga. He played there until 2002, becoming Latvian Higher League top scorer in 2000.

In 2003, he left his native Latvia, joining Russian club Torpedo-Metalurg. After an unsuccessful period with this team (only 7 matches played and no goals scored) he returned to Skonto Riga in 2004. In the same year another challenge from Russia came Koļesņičenko's way, as he joined FC Moscow.

This change was also unsuccessful, and after playing only one match, he yet again returned to Latvia, this time with the newly created and ambitious FK Venta from the city of Kuldīga. The club's ambitions were high, but its finances turned out to be just a bubble as the club went bankrupt and couldn't even manage to finish its first season in the top-flight soccer.

In 2006 Koļesņičenko joined FK Ventspils, playing there for 2 years and becoming a vital first eleven player. In 2009 Vladimirs accepted a challenge from Azerbaijan, joining his fellow international teammates Andrejs Rubins and Ģirts Karlsons at Inter Baku. He soon returned to Latvia, continuing to struggle abroad. Yet again it was Skonto Riga, who took him under their wing.

In 2010, he joined Chornomorets Odesa, but couldn't help the club secure a place in the Ukrainian Premier League. After only six games with no goals he was released. Koļesņičenko faced several personal problems and couldn't find a club for almost a year. In 2011, he was signed yet again by Skonto Riga, where he finished his professional career with ten games and one goal, retiring in August 2011, being just 31 years old.

International career
Koļesņičenko made his international debut for Latvia in 1997, playing 47 international matches and scoring 5 goals. He did not participate at EURO 2004 and finished his international career in 2011.

Later career
After the retirement Koļesņičenko took office as the commercial director of his former club Skonto Riga. On 26 February 2012 Koļesņičenko was elected to become the chairman of the club, with Guntis Indriksons leaving the position. In March 2014 he appeared in a negative light, addressing rude comments towards the Latvian Football Federation via Twitter after Skonto were denied the necessary license for participation in the Latvian Higher League due to long-term debts. He was fined with 280 euros for breaching the code of ethics. The license was later granted after a successful process of appellation and Koļesņičenko deleted his tweets, saying that he would not apologize, though, as the comments had been expressed in a private capacity, not the functional one. His actions were strongly condemned by the LFF. In July 2014 Koļesņičenko resigned from the Skonto Riga president's office and was replaced by Igors Zaicevs. A few days after the resignation, Koļesņičenko's private company SIA SSA bought the Skonto Stadium for 13.8 million euros.

Club

 * Baltic Cup (1):
 * 2001

 * Champion of Latvia (9):
 * 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007

Individual

 * CIS Cup top goalscorer: 2000 (shared)
 * Virsliga Top Scorer: 2000

Club statistics
* – played games and goals

Personal life
Vladimirs Koļesņičenko is married and has a child.

title: Vladimirs Koļesņičenko


text:
Muniment

A muniment or muniment of title is a legal term for a document, title deed or other evidence, that indicates ownership of an asset. The word is derived from the Latin noun munimentum, meaning a "fortification, bulwark, defence or protection". Thus "muniments of title" means the written evidence which a land owner can use to defend title to his estate.

An example of muniment of title is the use of a death certificate of a joint tenant to prove that title resides with the surviving joint tenant.

In the United States the definition of "muniment" may differ in statutes state by state. For example, states often have their own version of a Marketable Record Title Act (MRTA) which will extinguish various interests, restrictions, or claims to a property within a certain time period unless renewed during that time period by muniments. "A muniment of title is any documentary evidence upon which title is based. Muniments of title are deeds, wills, and court judgments through which a particular land title passes and upon which its validity depends. Muniments of title need not be recorded to be valid notwithstanding that the recording statutes give good faith purchasers certain rights over the rights of persons claiming under unrecorded muniments of title. Muniments of title do more than merely "affect" title; they must carry title and be a vital link in the chain of title."

In the medieval period substantial landowners made use of dedicated chambers known as "muniments rooms" for the secure storage of muniments of title. Before the advent of capitalism and the stock-market investment, the ownership of land and operational manors was the principal asset used by the English gentry for the long-term storage of wealth. It was essential to prove "devolution of title" to an estate, which necessitated the retention of every historical deed which had been used at some time over decades if not centuries to transfer legal ownership of that estate. For example, if it had been determined historically in a court of law that "person X" had good title to an estate at some past date, the present owner, in order to have equally good title, needed to prove that he had obtained, in a valid manner, the asset directly or indirectly from person X. For example, if a royal charter survived granting a manor to person X, that would constitute an ideal starting point from which to prove devolution of title. Thus several charters, indentures, entails, marriage settlements and last will and testaments of varying dates and contained within several sheets of parchment might form the complete devolution of title for just one estate. Many gentry families in England held particular estates for many centuries (the Berkeley family has held Berkeley Castle since the 12th century, and holds it still in 2021), generating a large volume of documents of title as the estate passed down the generations of the family. Such often large and highly verbose documents were generally folded up to form small packets and were then sealed with wax, with an epitome or summary of the document written in ink on the finished packet.

In 21st-century England, the establishment of the Government department of the Land Registry, and the compulsory requirement for persons and companies to register all land transactions, renders the use of title deeds superfluous and devolution of title is not required to prove title as proof of title is now determined prima facie merely by an entry in the land register, a certificate certifying which entry can be provided by the registrar if required. In previous times title deeds were the main evidence of ownership (apart from physical possession of land, said by the old adage to form "nine tenths of the law"), and where a person owned dozens of estates, many of which he rarely or never visited, and ownership of which was frequently the subject of legal challenges, for example by distant relatives of testators, it was essential to safeguard title deeds. Security needed to provide not only against theft, but also against destruction of the parchment (i.e. animal skin) and ink by fire, excessive heat, sunlight, water, mould, insects and rodents. Thus in certain monasteries the muniments room was often situated above the warming house. Special chests were used, designed specifically to aid preservation. Rapid portability of muniments was also a consideration, in case of fire or armed attack of the building.

The intact muniments room of an ancient mansion house or castle was frequently found by modern historians and genealogists to provide a rich source of materials for research purposes.

title: Muniment


text:
Oropolitics

Oropolitics comes from the Greek oros meaning mountain and politikos meaning citizen. In modern usage it denotes the use of mountaineering for political purposes.

Origin of term
The term "oropolitics" was coined by Joydeep Sircar in the early 1980s to describe the surreptitious efforts, first by Pakistan from the 1950s, and then by India from the late 1970s, to demonstrate control and ownership of the Siachen Glacier by allowing or organising mountaineering expeditions to the high peaks such as Saltoro Kangri and Teram Kangri flanking the glacier. The Siachen War of 1984 was the direct outcome of these 'oropolitical' activities. Another example is the Chinese publication Raising the Five Star Flag on Mount Tomur, an account of the successful Chinese expedition of 1977 to the Tien Shan peak better known by its Russian name as Pik Pobedy (nowadays renamed yet again by Kyrgyzstan as Jengish Chokusu). The Chinese volume seems to imply a first ascent and completely ignores multiple Russian ascents.

Other examples
The strangest oropolitical events must surely be the unpublicised ascents of Nanda Devi and Nanda Kot by joint Indo-US expeditions in the 1960s to plant devices to monitor Chinese nuclear activity. The media disclosure in 1978 that an Indo-American covert expedition had planted a nuclear-fuelled monitoring device atop Nanda Kot in the 1960s, and that subsequently the device had disappeared, led to fears of radioactive contamination of the river Ganges, and a political brouhaha.

Recent examples of oropolitics, again from India, were the claimed ascent of Nyegyi Kangsang (7047 m) and the attempt on the nearby peak Kangto (7090 metres) by Indian teams in the 1990s. Both are remote Arunachal Pradesh peaks that are difficult to access, located on or very close to the India-China border. These were as much sporting activities as visible demonstrations of de facto control of India over terrain claimed by China. It has been suggested that the actual summit of Nyegyi Kangsang was not even reached.

title: Oropolitics


text:
Chanay

Chanay is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.

title: Chanay


text: User talk:206.105.116.31

title: User talk:206.105.116.31


text:
The India-Pakistan Air War of 1965

The India-Pakistan Air War of 1965 is a 2005 aviation history book written by PVS Jagan Mohan and Samir Chopra. The book deals with the Indian Air Force's role in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 that started on 1 September 1965 and came to an end on 23 September 1965.

Background
The air war was one of the last in which classic turning dogfights took place between the two belligerents. The Pakistan Air Force employed largely American hardware. The North American F-86 Sabre, the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter and the Martin B-57 Canberra (based on the British aircraft the English Electric Canberra). The Indian Air Force employed British, French & Russian aircraft like the Hawker Hunter, Folland Gnat, Canberra, de Havilland Vampire, MiG-21 and Dassault Mystere

The book describes the day-to-day operations of the Indian Air Force and is the first detailed account of the airwar from the Indian side.

Reviews
Some reviews of the Book are available on the authors' web site at BharatRakshak.com.
 * Review on Frontier India Journal

title: The India-Pakistan Air War of 1965