text:
Talk:Swift fox

Wagginpitbull (talk) 22:36, 22 December 2021 (UTC)==Questions== How will extinction of swift fox affect other members of the habitat? how will extinction of swift fox affect humans?

In the first paragraph it says: "[The Swift fox] is closely related to the kit fox and the two species are sometimes known as subspecies of Vulpes velox because hybrids of the two species occur naturally where their ranges overlap." Vulpes velox is the swift fox, so it cannot be a subspecies of itself. Did it mean to say that the the swift fox and the kit fox are sometimes aknown as subspecies of Vulpes vulpes (red fox)? Or that the kit fox is sometimes known as subspecies of the swift fox?

Reversion of large edit
An anon had added a huge amount of stuff to this article to-day, making it rambling, disorganised and not properly referenced. I have reverted it for the time being because there is too much of it to clean up in one go. It's not exactly vandalism, and some of the material may well be appropriate, but it needs to be put in under suitable headings and referenced back to scientific and historical literature; also some of it looked POV. It can be recovered from the history files to be worked on. But basically it isn't appropriate to have such a hugely long article on one species like this.

Apologies to the anonymous editor concerned for reverting your material without discussing with you - but as an anon, you don't have a talk page, so it isn't possible to discuss it with you first. seglea 16:02, 23 June 2007 (UTC)

Another such reversion
Two rapidly successive edits by one editor left the article virtually unreadable, eg "fox" changed to "fx", "kit" to "ktm" and possibly intentional "folksy" illiterate respellings. Pretty close to vandalism. I reverted both.--SilasW 14:43, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

Map
The swift fox area map (Swift_Fox_area.png) does not appear to be correct as it does not show any distribution of swift foxes in "...the central part of Alberta, Canada" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.99.179.243 (talk) 02:13, 6 September 2012 (UTC)

Image Report
Please note, the image labelled "Swift Fox" is of a kit fox - view the kit fox wiki page, same image is on there labelled "San Joaquin Kit Fox". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.134.240.87 (talk) 02:11, 31 December 2007 (UTC)

This issue has still not been effectively resolved. It appears someone has merely changed the brightness between the two images. --76.24.XX.XX|talk 22:45, 18 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I believe this is because the Kit Fox and Swift Fox are closely related. However, I believe the current image is a Swift Fox, not a Kit Fox.  At least, the image page says it's a Swift Fox. Corvus coronoides  talk 22:56, 20 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Look at the image linked from the Kit fox page: ; it provides the link to the US Fish & Wildlife Services page from which the picture was taken. That page identifies it specifically as a San Joaquin Kit Fox, not a Swift Fox. —Dajagr (talk) 03:04, 9 January 2009 (UTC)

Reference
Which is the reference for "Sometimes it makes other burrows from other bigger animals, even though it is completely capable of digging one on its own."? -- NGC 54  ( talk   |  contribs  ) 16:07, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

Weighting
Are they endangered 50.96.15.170 (talk) 21:41, 3 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Swift fox


text:
Talk:Alonzo Cook

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title: Talk:Alonzo Cook


text:
Nanami Shiono

Nanami Shiono (塩野 七生) is a Japanese author and novelist known for her works on the history of Italy, especially those dealing with ancient Rome and the Renaissance period.

Biography
Shiono was born in Tokyo, on 7 July 1937. In high school she read Homer's Iliad and was fascinated by it. She graduated from Gakushuin University with a degree in philosophy. During her school years, she was deeply involved with student activism, but eventually became disillusioned with the movement. Shiono wanted to attend Waseda University, but she was denied by her father.

From 1963 to 1968, she lived in Italy, studying the language and history of the country on her own. During this time, she also travelled extensively in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. Upon returning to Japan in 1968, she began to write and published her first book, Runesansu no Onna-tachi (Women of the Renaissance), in the literary magazine Chūo Kōron.

In 1970, she published her second work Chēzare Borujia Aruiwa Yūganaru Reikoku (Cesare Borgia the Elegant Tyrant). In the same year, she married an Italian doctor of Sicilian descent and moved to Florence. They had a son, but later divorced. She moved to Rome in 1993 and currently lives there.

Works
Her early work from the 1970s contain many historical novels set in Renaissance Italy, such as those listed above and Kami no Dairinin (Deputies of God). Later her interests shifted to the history of Venice. In 1980, she published Umi no Miyako no Monogatari (Story of the City of the Sea), the work that made Shiono a nationally known figure.

In 1992 Shiono started a monumental work on ancient Rome, Roma-jin no Monogatari (Stories of the Romans). Completed in 2006, it is a 15-volume series that traces the history of the city and the Roman Empire.

She has also written many non-fiction works, mainly essays on historic, political and/or cultural topics.

Reputation and awards
Although her first works were well received in Japan, it was not until the publication of Umi no Miyako no Monogatari that she became a best-selling author. Umi no Miyako no Monogatari became a literary phenomenon in the 1980s, eliciting reviews that compared Venice to Japan and sought hints about the future of Japan in her book. Her books were first published in Korea in 1995, and Roma-jin no Monogatari quickly became a bestseller there (Roma-in Iyagi in Korean).

Shiono was awarded the Mainichi Publishing Culture Award from the Mainichi daily newspaper for Runesansu no Onna-tachi. In 1982, Umi no Miyako no Monogatari won the Suntory Literary Prize. She won the Kikuchi Kan Prize the following year. For Roma-jin no Monogatari, she was awarded the Shincho Literary Prize. She received the Shiba Ryotaro Prize in 1999, and in 2002 the Italian government conferred upon her the Grande Ufficiale Order of Merit for introducing Italian history and culture to Japan.

In Japan, opinions about Shiono's work are divided. Her works have been praised for their historical sweep, but have also been called oversimplified depictions of moments in history that were in fact multi-faceted and complicated. Professional historians tend to criticize her works for their lack of references and objectivity. Her interpretations of ancient Greek history have been challenged, and some critics object to what they see as right-leaning political tendencies.

Works on the Renaissance

 * Runesansu no Onna-tachi (Women of the Renaissance) (1968)
 * Chēzare Borujia Aruiwa Yūganaru Reikoku (Cesare Borgia the Elegant Tyrant) (1970)
 * Umi no Miyako no Monogatari (Story of the City of the Sea) (1980)
 * Kami no Dairinin (Deputies of God) (1972)
 * Waga Tomo Makiavetri (My Friend Machiavelli) (1987)

Res Gestae Populi Romani

 * Roma-jin no Monogatari (Res Gestae Populi Romani: Stories of the Romans) (1992–2006)
 * Roma wa Ichinichi ni shite Narazu (Roma Non Uno Die Aedificata Est: Rome was not Built in A Day) (1992)
 * Hannibaru Senki (Bellum Hannibalicum: The Hannibal War) (1993)
 * Shōsha no Konmei (Bellorum Civilium: The Turmoil of the Victor) (1994)
 * Yuriusu Kaesaru, Rubikon Izen (C. Iulius Caesar Ante Rubiconem: Julius Caesar, Before Crossing the Rubicon) (1995)
 * Yuriusu Kaesaru, Rubikon Igo (C. Iulius Caesar Post Rubiconem:Julius Caesar, After Crossing the Rubicon) (1996)
 * Pakkusu Rōmana (Pax Romana) (1997)
 * Akumei Takaki Kōtei-tachi (Imperatores Malæ Famæ: The Infamous Emperors) (1998)
 * Kiki to Kokufuku (Crisis Et Ab Ea Exitus: Crisis and Vanquishment) (1999)
 * Kentei no Seiki (Sæculum Aureum: The Century of Good Emperors) (2000)
 * Subete no Michi wa Rōma ni Tsūzu (Omniæ Viæ Quæ Ad Romam Duxerunt: All Roads Lead to Rome) (2001)
 * Owari no Hajimari (Finis Principium: Start of the Catastrophe) (2002)
 * Meisō Suru Teikoku (Tertii Sæculi Crisis: The Empire in Chaos) (2003)
 * Saigo no Doryoku (De Ultimis Laboribus: The Last Endeavour) (2004)
 * Kirisuto no Shōri (De Christi Victoria: The Victory of Christ) (2005)
 * Rōma Sekai no Shūen (Romani Mundi Finis: The End of the Roman World) (2006)

The East Mediterranean Trilogy

 * Konstantinōpuru no Kanraku (The Fall of Constantinople) (1983)
 * The Fall of Constantinople translated into English by Kerim Yasar - Vertical Inc. 2005
 * Rōdosu-to Kōbō-ki (The Record of the Battle of Rhodes) (1985)
 * The Siege of Rhodes translated into English by Carolyn L. Temporelli, Wilburn Hansen, & Steven Wills - Vertical Inc. 2006
 * Repanto no Kaisen (The Battle of Lepanto) (1987)
 * The Battle of Lepanto translated into English by Carolyn L. Temporelli, Steven M. Bryan, & Wilburn Hansen - Vertical Inc. 2007

The Stories from Three Cities

 * Hiiro no Venezia (Venice in Crimson) (1987)
 * Giniro no Firenze (Florence in Silver) (1989)
 * Oōgon no Roma (Rome in Gold) (1990)

Essays

 * Silent Minority (1993)
 * Otoko-tachi E (To Men) (1989)
 * Futatabi Otoko-tachi E (To Men Again) (1994)
 * Itaria Kara no Tegami (Letters from Italy) (1972)
 * Itaria Ibun (Strange tales from Italy) (1979)
 * Otona Futari no Gogo (Afternoon Conversation between Two Adults), co-authored with Hiroyuki Itsuki (1998)

Awards and honors

 * Mainichi Publishing Culture Award (1970)
 * Suntory Literary Prize (1981)
 * Kikuchi Kan Prize (1982)
 * Shincho Literary Prize (1993)
 * Shiba Ryotaro Award (1999)
 * Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (2000)
 * JSCE(Japan Society of Civil Engineers) Publication Prize (2001)
 * Medal of Honor with Purple Ribbon(2005)
 * Person of Cultural Merit (2007)
 * Order of Culture (2023)

title: Nanami Shiono


text:
Cryomodule

A cryomodule is a section of a modern particle accelerator composed of superconducting RF (SRF) acceleration cavities, which need very low operating temperatures, often around 2 Kelvin). The cryomodule is a complex, state-of-the-art supercooled component in which particle beams are accelerated for scientific research. The superconducting cavities are cooled with liquid helium.

A cryomodule section of an accelerator is composed of superconducting cavities that accelerate the beam, also including a magnetic lattice that provides focusing and steering.

Design considerations
SRF cavities tend to be thin-walled structures immersed in a bath of liquid helium having temperatures of 1.6 K to 4.5 K. Careful engineering is required to insulate the helium bath from the room-temperature external environment. This is accomplished by:
 * A vacuum chamber surrounding the cold components to eliminate convective heat transfer by gases.
 * Multi-layer insulation wrapped around cold components. This insulation is composed of dozens of alternating layers of aluminized mylar and thin fiberglass sheet, which reflects infrared radiation that shines through the vacuum insulation from the 300 K exterior walls.
 * Low thermal conductivity mechanical connections between the cold mass and the room temperature vacuum vessel. These connections are required, for example, to support the mass of the helium vessel inside the vacuum vessel and to connect the apertures in the SRF cavity to the accelerator beamline.  Both types of connections transition from internal cryogenic temperatures to room temperature at the vacuum vessel boundary.  The thermal conductivity of these parts is minimized by having small cross sectional area and being composed of low thermal conductivity material, such as stainless steel for the vacuum beampipe and fiber reinforced epoxies (G10) for mechanical support.  The vacuum beampipe also requires good electrical conductivity on its interior surface to propagate the image currents of the beam, which is accomplished by about 100 μm of copper plating on the interior surface.

title: Cryomodule


text:
Ralph Earle

Ralph Earle may refer to:

 * Ralph Earle (ambassador) (1928–2020), American diplomat and arms control negotiator
 * Ralph Earle (American naval officer) (1874–1939), American naval officer
 * Ralph Earle (politician) (1835–1879), British politician
 * Ralph Earle Jr. (1908–1995), American biblical scholar

title: Ralph Earle


text:
Robert Sweet (botanist)

Robert Sweet (1783–20 January 1835) was an English botanist, horticulturist and ornithologist.

Born at Cockington near Torquay, Devonshire, England in 1783, Sweet worked as a gardener from the age of sixteen, and became foreman or partner in a series of nurseries. He was associated with nurseries at Stockwell, Fulham and Chelsea. In 1812 he joined Colvills, the famous Chelsea nursery, and was elected a fellow of the Linnean Society. By 1818 he was publishing horticultural and botanical works.

He published a number of illustrated works on plants cultivated in British gardens and hothouses. The plates were mainly drawn by Edwin Dalton Smith (1800–1883), a botanical artist, who was attached to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. His works include Hortus Suburbanus Londinensis (1818), Geraniaceae (five volumes) (1820–30), Cistineae, Sweet's Hortus Britannicus (1826–27), Flora Australasica (1827–28) and British Botany (with H. Weddell) (1831). He died at Chelsea, London in January 1835.

He was charged with receiving a batch of plants allegedly stolen from the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. It was suggested that this was an attempt to frame him by an official at Kew whom Sweet had criticised. He was acquitted after a well-publicised trial.

Robert Sweet received high praise from his contemporaries at his trial and was described as possibly the first practical botanist.

Publications

 * British Warblers
 * British Warblers
 * British Warblers

Sweet is the author of a number of plants, including:

 * Abutilon auritum (Link) Sweet
 * Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet
 * Abutilon indicum (Link) Sweet – Indian lantern flower
 * Acacia leucolobia Sweet
 * Agonis flexuosa (Willd.) Sweet – Peppermint
 * Argemone ochroleuca Sweet – Mexican poppy
 * Babiana angustifolia Sweet
 * Banksia dryandroides Sweet – Dryandra-leaved Banksia
 * Callistemon glaucus (Bonpl.) Sweet
 * Coreopsis grandiflora Sweet – American tickseed
 * Cyanotis axillaris (L.) Sweet
 * Dillwynia pungens (Sweet) Benth.
 * Hakea ferruginea Sweet
 * Hovea chorizemifolia (Sweet) DC. – Holly-leaved Hovea
 * Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet – Coast morning glory
 * Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet – Lablab bean
 * Lachenalia mutabilis Sweet
 * Moraea flaccida Sweet – One-leaf cape tulip
 * Orthrosanthus multiflorus Sweet – Morning Iris
 * Penaeaceae Sweet ex Guillemin
 * Senna barclayana (Sweet) Randell
 * Sphenotoma gracile (R.Br.) Sweet – Swamp paper-heath
 * Wahlenbergia stricta (R.Br.) Sweet – Austral bluebell

title: Robert Sweet (botanist)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Call Me Irresponsible

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete Ryan Norton T 20:35, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Call Me Irresponsible
Nominated for speedy as This is a joke; this episode isn't real.. Neither hoaxes are CSDs, nor I know if this is one, although it looks like so: it's the creator's only edit in WP. Nabla 00:05, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Looks like a fake. --Hoovernj 01:06, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. While it looks like a typical Simpsons article, nothing besides this page came up on a search for "Call Me Irresponsible" Simpsons see . Nor is it on our List of The Simpsons episodes for Season 17. As well, the Simpsons season started in September not August. That suggests that there are severe verifiability problems with this article. Capitalistroadster 01:37, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hoax. Andrew pmk | Talk 03:03, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hoax.--Gaff 05:56, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - smells hoaxy to me CLW 13:01, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but rewrite it so it's about the Frank Sinatra song instead of a non-existent Simpsons episode. Andrew Levine 22:57, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Your argument suggests "delete" of this article. The article's name can always be reused for unrelated material in future. Rd232 23:15, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as hoax. Rd232 23:15, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:72.150.19.192

title: User talk:72.150.19.192


text:
Robert Sweet

Robert Sweet may refer to:
 * Robert Sweet (botanist) (1783–1835), English botanist, horticulturist, and ornithologist
 * Robert W. Sweet (1922–2019), U.S. federal judge
 * Robert Sweet (musician) (born 1960), American drummer

title: Robert Sweet


text:
Kumu (museum)

The Kumu Art Museum (Kumu kunstimuuseum) is an art museum in Tallinn, Estonia. It is one of the largest museums in Estonia and one of the largest art museums in Northern Europe. It is one of the five branches of the Art Museum of Estonia, housing its main offices.

"Kumu" is a stylised portmanteau abbreviation of the Estonian words  kunsti muuseum  ("museum of art").

Kumu presents both permanent collections and temporary exhibitions. The main collection covers Estonian art from the 18th century onwards, including works from the occupations' period (1940–1991) and showing both Socialist realism and what was then Nonconformist art. Temporary exhibitions include both foreign and Estonian modern and contemporary art.

Kumu received the prestigious European Museum of the Year Award of 2008 from the European Museum Forum.

The building
The designer of the building is Pekka Vapaavuori, a Finnish architect who won the competition in 1994. Construction took place between 2003–2006. The museum is set into the limestone slope of Lasnamäe hill to harmonise, despite its size, with centuries-old Kadriorg Park.

Layout

 * Ground floor: Entrance from the Kadriorg Park side, auditorium and cafe.
 * 1st floor: Entrance from the Lasnamägi car park side, terrace, information, cloakroom, toilets, large auditorium, library, bookstore and restaurant. Temporary exhibitions wing.
 * 2nd floor: Classics of Estonian art from the 18th century until the end of the Second World War.
 * 3rd floor: Estonian art from 1945 to 1991.
 * 4th floor: Temporary contemporary art exhibitions, art after 1991.

History of the museum
The Art Museum of Estonia was founded on November 17, 1919, but it was not until 1921 that it got its first permanent building — Kadriorg Palace, built in the 18th century. In 1929 the palace was expropriated from the Art Museum in order to rebuild it as the residence of the head of state of Estonia.

The Art Museum of Estonia was housed in several different temporary spaces until it moved back to the palace in 1946. When Estonia regained independence in 1991, Kadriorg Palace was closed for renovation, since it had fallen into almost complete disrepair during the Soviet occupation of Estonia (1944–1991). At the end of 1991, the parliament of the country decided to secure the construction of a new building for the Art Museum of Estonia in Kadriorg Park. Until the new building was finished, the Estonian Knighthood House at Toompea Hill in the old town of Tallinn served as the temporary main building of the Art Museum of Estonia. The exhibition there was opened on April 1, 1993. The Art Museum of Estonia permanently closed down the exhibitions in that building in October 2005. In the summer of 2000 the restored Kadriorg Palace was opened, but not as the main building of the Art Museum of Estonia, but as a branch. The Kadriorg Art Museum now exhibits the foreign art collection of the Art Museum of Estonia.

Kumu includes exhibition halls, an auditorium that offers diverse possibilities, and an education centre for children and art lovers (see above). Kumu has a thorough collection of Estonian art, including paintings by Carl Timoleon von Neff, Oscar Hoffmann, Ants Laikmaa, Julia Hagen-Schwarz, Oskar Kallis, Konrad Mägi, Jaan Koort, Henn Roode, and Johannes Greenberg.

The museum served as one of several locations for the fictional Oslo Freeport for the 2020 movie Tenet.

title: Kumu (museum)


text:
Tatadim

Tatadim also known as Tantawedem, was King of Zagwe dynasty. According to Taddesse Tamrat, he was a son of Mara Takla Haymanot.

Reign
Tatadim's name appears in second place in the long lists of the Zagwe kings. Taddesse Tamrat states that he was the oldest known son of Mara Takla Haymanot.

According to the Gadla Yemrehana Krestos, Tatadim made efforts to secure the succession of kingship for his sons, taking actions against his brothers Jan Seyum and Germa Seyum. The Agaw law of inheritance dictated that his brothers should be his successors, a problem that plagued the Zagwe kings.

title: Tatadim


text:
Trøndelag Teater

Trøndelag Teater is a large theater in the city of Trondheim, in  Trøndelag county,  Norway.

Trøndelag Teater stages large-scale dance and musical performances.

History
Originally built in 1816, the theater is the oldest stage in Scandinavia in continuous use. Initially, the theatre was used by the local Amateur Theatre, and after that by travelling Danish theater companies, some of which used it as a permanent theatre such as Johan Conrad Huusher (1829–1831), Carl Wilhelm Orlamundt (1831–1834), Jacob Mayson (1836–1839) and Gustav Wilhelm Selmer (1839–1848).

Between 1861 and 1865 it housed the first permanent Norwegian language theatre in the city, the Throndhjems Theater. Between 1865 and 1911, it was again used by travelling theatre companies. In 1911, a permanent theatre was established on the initiative of Sverre Brandt. It was closed in 1926.

Norwegian actor and theater director Henry Gleditsch took charge of Trøndelag Teater in 1937. His satirical style provoked the authorities of the German occupation of Norway during World War II. Henry Gleditsch was executed in 1942 by forces under the command of Josef Terboven.

During World War II, the theater "had been a spearhead in the artists' fight against the dictatorship", according to a 2014 Klassekampen article. Furthermore, due to the nation building project, some things were to be kept hidden. The attitudes were also transferred to Trøndelag Teater. In 1948, a former movie star of Nazi Germany, was hired as an actress—Kirsten Heiberg.

Norwegian actor, stage producer and theater director Ola B. Johannessen made his stage debut at Det Norske Teatret in 1961 and worked at this theater from 1962 to 1970. He served as theater director at Trøndelag Teater from 1979 to 1994 and again at Trøndelag Teater from 1997 to 2000.

In September 1997, the refurbished theater re-opened as part of a modern complex incorporating the old auditorium, supplemented by four new stages of various shapes and sizes. Kristian Seltun is the Theater Director. He replaced Otto Homlung in 2010.

Stages

 * Main Stage (Hovedscenen) - Technical facilities to stage large productions such as musicals.
 * Studio Stage (Studioscenen) -  Black box for contemporary, avant garde and experimental drama.
 * Old Stage ( Gamlescenen) - Original theater is a small and intimate space.
 * Café Theatre (Theatrecafeen) - Theatre, bar, restaurant; venue for smaller shows,
 * Basement Stage (Teaterkjelleren) - Now used mainly for rehearsal purposes.

Other sources

 * Norway Cultural Profile

title: Trøndelag Teater


text:
Wlodimir Ledóchowski

Włodzimierz Halka Ledóchowski (fr: Vladimir, de: Vlodimir; 7 October 1866 – 13 December 1942) was a Polish Catholic priest who served as the 26th Superior-General of the Society of Jesus from 11 February 1915 until his death in 1942. Prior to taking holy orders, he was briefly a page in the Habsburg Court.

Early life
He was one of nine children of Count Antoni Halka Ledóchowski and the Swiss Countess Joséphine née Salis-Zizers. He was born in a manor house built by his father in Loosdorf, near St. Pölten, Lower Austria. His uncle was Mieczysław Cardinal Halka-Ledóchowski, and two of his sisters entered the religious life and have become known as Saint Maria Ursula of Jesus and Blessed Maria Teresa Ledóchowska. His brother, Ignacy Kazimierz Ledóchowski, was a General in the Polish Army.

Ledóchowski studied first at the Theresianum in Vienna and was for a time page to the Empress Elizabeth. He went on to study Law at the Jagellonian University in Kraków. He discerned a religious vocation and turned to studies for the priesthood. While attending the Gregorian University in Rome, he applied to join the Jesuits and entered the Society in 1889. Five years later he was ordained priest. At first he took to writing, but was soon made Superior of the Jesuit house in Kraków, then Rector of the College. He became the Polish Vice-Provincial in 1901 and Provincial of Southern Poland in 1902. From 1906 until February 1915 he was an assistant in the German province.

Superior-General of the Jesuits
After the death of Franz Xavier Wernz in August 1914, 49-year-old Ledóchowski became a candidate for the leadership of his order. He was elected the 26th General of the Society on 11 February 1915 on the second ballot.

Despite the serial upheavals of the First World War, the Second World War, and the economic Depression of the 1930s, the Society increased in number during Ledóchowski's term of office. He called the 27th General Congregation to take place at the Germanico to acquaint the Society with the new code of Canon law (published in 1917) and to bring the Jesuit Constitution into line with it. He called another Congregation (the 28th) – between 12 March and 9 May 1937 – for the purpose of appointing a vicar general as with the effects of age he sought competent assistance.

He established the Pontifical Oriental Institute and the Pontifical Russian College and the Institutum Biblicum of the Gregorian University. He extracted a certain emancipation for the Society after the Concordat between the Church and the Italian Government was ratified. Property was returned to the Society, making it possible for the Jesuits to build a new Gregorian University building, transferring from the Palazzo Gabrielli-Borromeo on via del Seminario to Piazza Pilotta near the Quirinal Palace. He then had built the new Curia Generalis in the rione of Borgo, on property acquired from the Holy See on Borgo Santo Spirito, close to Saint Peter's Square. The Concordat is credited with giving new life to the Society of Jesus, whose real-estate increased along with its influence and reputation.

Divided opinions
According to David Kertzer's 2014 book, The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe, during the rise of Fascism in Italy under Mussolini, Ledóchowski had exhibited strong anti-Semitic and pro-Fascist sympathies. Kertzer writes that Ledóchowski worked to promote anti-Semitism in the Vatican and to align the Vatican with Italy's and Germany's racist and expansionist ambitions. "The Jesuit leader [Ledochowski] made no secret of his enthusiasm for the Fascist regime. From the time when Mussolini came to power, he [Ledochowski] had done what he could to stamp out Church opposition to the Duce". Kertzer further states that: "...[I]n early 1936, the Italian ambassador told Ledochowski that Mussolini wanted America [the US Jesuit magazine] anti-Fascist editor fired and a pro-Fascist editor put in his place...Ledochowski accommodated him readily... Soon a new editor was in place, suitably enthusiastic about the Fascist cause". Furthermore, "Pignatti [the Italian ambassador] remarked that Italy's enemies were the Church's enemies. Ledochowski agreed. The attacks on Mussolini for waging war in Ethiopia, he [Ledochowski] replied were simply a 'pretext from which international Judaism is profiting in order to advance its attack on western civilization'".

Kertzer writes that there is evidence that in 1937/8 Ledóchowski personally intervened to water down an encyclical against racism that was being prepared for the Pope by a fellow Jesuit, the American John LaFarge Jr. Later discoveries of versions of the text for the planned encyclical and a series of interviews with living participants in the drafting of the document in the 1960s & 70s seems to confirm Ledóchowski's reluctance to see anything too critical of the then German/Nazi government published.

Kertzer says: "Ledochowski viewed the Jews as enemies of the Church and of European civilization, and he would do all he could to prevent the Pope from slowing the anti-Semitic wave that was sweeping Europe". Kertzer documents many other instances in which Ledóchowski, and the Jesuit order which he headed, led and manipulated the Vatican and the Church into supporting Mussolini and the infamous racist laws against the Jews.

Support for Allied resistance
According to Jesuit historian Vincent A. Lapomarda, there was "no doubt" about Ledóchowski's concern to thwart Nazi Germany in Europe once they had invaded Poland,

 * "Even if he had at one time entertained, as alleged by one historian, the conception of a union of a Catholic bloc in Europe against the Communists in the East and the Protestants in the West, events had dramatically altered that vision."

Ledóchowski accurately surmised Hitler's perfidious nature, and predicted the Hitler-Stalin Pact, and used the Jesuit-run Vatican Radio service to broadcast condemnations of Nazi crimes in Poland, which led to German government protests, and assisted underground resistance movements in occupied Europe. The Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Poland was particularly severe, and Lapomarda writes that Ledóchowski helped "stiffen the general attitude of the Jesuits against the Nazis", and helped Vatican Radio, run by the Jesuit Filippo Soccorsi, and spoke out against Nazi oppression - particularly with regard to Poland - and against Vichy-French anti-Semitism.

Death
Włodzimierz Ledóchowski died in Rome on 13 December 1942, aged 76. After his funeral in the Church of the Gesù, his remains were interred in the Society's mausoleum at Campo Verano, on the eastern edge of Rome.

Appraisal
Nicholas Murray Butler, who met Ledóchowski in 1930, later wrote that "in Rome I was told that Father Ledóchowski would rank as one of the two or three greatest heads of the Jesuit Order".

title: Wlodimir Ledóchowski


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Central Union of Agricultural Cooperatives

The Central Union of Agricultural Co-operatives (全国農業協同組合中央会), in short JA-Zenchu (JA全中), is an independent administrative Japanese body within the Japan Agriculture (JA) Group which determines policy and administrates the group. Its legal status was originally a Recognised Corporate Body under the control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), but since 2002 has become a Special Civilian Corporate Body.

History
The body was founded for the aforementioned purposes in 1954. It gained larger recognition in the next year when it replaced the then existing Union of National Agricultural Cooperatives at the International Co-operative Alliance (ICA).

After its advent, Zenchu had been preoccupied with maintaining and increasing government price supports on rice and other crops and with holding back the import of cheaper agricultural products from abroad. Self-sufficient in rice, Japan in the early 1990s imported only a tiny quantity. A special variety of Thai rice, for example, is used specifically to make the traditional Okinawan liquor, awamori. Zenchu's determination to preserve "Fortress Japan" in the agricultural realm had brought it into conflict with business groups such as Keidanren, which advocated market liberalization and lower food prices. The Zenchu headquarters are coincidentally located next to the office of the Keidanren which it conflicts with.

Although closely allied to the LDP in the past, Nokyo and other agricultural groups were outraged by the government's concessions to the United States on imports of oranges and beef in 1988. Local cooperatives threatened to defect to the Japan Socialist Party if government continued to give in to United States demands. The Japan Socialist Party chairwoman at the time, Doi Takako, made agricultural protectionism a major component of her party's platform.

Publications
The Zenchu circulates factbooks concerning food and agriculture in Japan, specifically, problems relating to food and food supply.

It also publishes monthly the Gekkan JA. The 2007 July issue focused on the international aid activities which the cooperatives undertake.

JA (short for Japan Agricultural Cooperatives) is another common name for Nokyo.


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Tracer (DC Comics)

Tracer is the name of two fictional supervillains published by DC Comics. He first appeared in Justice League Europe #16 (July 1990), and was created by Keith Giffen, Gerard Jones and Bart Sears. Like the rest of the Extremists, he is based on a Marvel Comics villain, in his case Victor Creed/Sabretooth, an arch-enemy of Wolverine.

Tracer
The first Tracer was a supervillain on the world of Angor, an otherdimensional duplicate of Earth. The Extremists wiped out Angor in a nuclear explosion, leaving only themselves and a few heroes who fled to Earth. The Extremists pursued them and it was revealed that all but one of them had died and the surviving one, Dreamslayer, used androids of his comrades, including Tracer. They were deactivated and stored in the Watchtower. Tracer and his android duplicate demonstrated enhanced senses that made him an excellent tracker, enhanced strength and reflexes, a feral attitude, razor sharp claws, and enhanced healing.

Tracer Robot
The second Tracer was a robotic duplicate of the first Tracer, one of many robots created by the inventor Mitch Wacky on the otherdimensional world of Angor, as part of a theme park attraction. After the death of virtually all heroes and villains on the planet, the evil Dreamslayer used the robot duplicates to re-create his villain team, the Extremists. After traveling to Earth, the Extremists almost took over the world before being defeated by Justice League Europe. The Extremists robots were then exhibited in Madame Clouseau's Wax Museum in Paris. They were later used by Dreamslayer a second time on the island of Kooey Kooey Kooey, and still later as pawns of Twilight in a battle with Supergirl. The Tracer robot had all the powers of the original Tracer which included great strength, speed, and agility, enhanced senses and animal instincts.

Countdown
In the Countdown to Final Crisis tie-in series Lord Havok and the Extremists, a variant version resides on Earth-8. Originally a soldier who was badly injured trying to desert his post, Vincent Cade's broken body was experimented on by the government. Cade was given enhanced strength, speed and senses. He was also forced to endure hours of violent images and subliminal audio telling him to kill. He was implanted with a chip to be controlled with, but Tracer's first mission ended with him trying to kill one of his own teammates. Just as his masters were about to use the chip to shut him down, Lord Havok arrived, removed the chip, and offered Tracer a place in his organisation. At Havok's command, Tracer works as an assassin-for-hire for government officials, gaining valuable information on them for his master. In #3, he was attacked and badly beaten by Monarch's forces. Team member Bizarra was eventually able to get Tracer strung up by the neck with her lasso. Only Tracer's enhanced healing ability kept him from dying.

Powers and abilities
Tracer has superhuman strength and speed, claws, healing factor, agility, enhanced senses, and animal instincts. He also carries wears a set of wrist blades.

In other media
Tracer makes minor non-speaking appearances in Justice League Unlimited.

title: Tracer (DC Comics)


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User talk:Kennis

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

I have reverted your edits to the Centerlink article as I think you had removed a lot of useful information. Please feel free to edit the article again but perhaps focussing on adding to what is there rather than deleting the work of other editors, Regards--User:AYArktos |  Talk 00:07, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Once again - your edits to the Centrelink article were a little too bold and have been reverted. Please consider editing by adding material, removing only inaccurate material, or by rewording poorly expressed material. Thanks --A Y  Arktos   (Talk) 00:27, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Yet again, please stop removing large amounts of content from Centrelink with no apparent reason or explanation. If you continue you may be temporarily blocked from editing. Jtkiefer T - 00:35, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Hi AYAkros,

The text inserted is on behalf of Centrelink. Replaced text holds a lot of inaccurate information on payments and eligibility. The text added to the site is to generalise payments and services Centrelink delivers. For details, people are directed to Centrelink's website. Considering that contributions on Wikipedia can be accessed and altered by anyone, there is no need to elaborate on payments and services as long as there is a link to the official website of the department. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Kennis (talk • contribs) 22:59, 9 November 2005  (UTC)

Please see discussion at Talk:Centrelink and add your comments there. Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes ~ ; this will automatically produce your name and the date. - Regards--A Y  Arktos   (Talk) 23:40, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kennis


text:
User:Ajwebb

About Ajwebb
Hello and welcome to my user page. I am currently working on improving it. I enjoy preventing vandalism and working on Articles for Deletion. You may find a list of current projects that I am working on here, which I am also working on improving.

title: User:Ajwebb


text:
University of Tennessee College of Dentistry

The University of Tennessee College of Dentistry is the dental school of the University of Tennessee. It is in Memphis, Tennessee, United States, and its facilities are part of the University of Tennessee Health Science Center. The college has a four-year program and approximately 320 students.

History
The college was founded in Nashville, TN in 1878, making the college the oldest dental college in the Southern United States and the third oldest public dental college in the country. The college was moved to Memphis, TN in 1911 and was located in Rogers Hall on Monroe Avenue until 1978, when it was moved to the newly constructed Dunn Building, named after Governor Winfield C. Dunn, a 1955 graduate of the school.

In 2002, the DentSim laboratory was added to the preclinical academic curriculum in an effort to include advanced computer technology to enhance learning. The DentSim is a group of 40 workstations, each containing high-speed handpieces, suction tips, a patient manikin, and a computer. With the use of several sensors, computers monitor the actions of students and return feedback.

Today
The UT dental college is fully accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Curriculum for the college includes courses on the basic sciences, including biochemistry, microbiology, pathology, histology, and anatomy. Dental courses include advanced pain control, oral pathology, and advanced oral radiology. Several optional courses are also offered.

On October 12, 2005, a Shelby County grand jury indicted 68 people alleged to be part of an embezzlement scheme which targeted the UT dental college. Agents for the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation found that about $130,000 was embezzled by three former employees of the college via reimbursement checks, which is reserved for patients at the college. The crime occurred between August 15, 2002 and November 3, 2003. To date, two of the former employees, Connie Ackerson and Alberta Paylor, have been arrested.

Graduate programs
The UT dental college offers several graduate programs in specialty fields of dentistry. These programs include oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontology, pediatric dentistry, prosthodontics and orthodontics. The college also offers a program in Advanced Education in General Dentistry (AEGD).


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Douglas Kennedy (politician)

Robert Douglas Kennedy (June 15, 1916 – May 27, 2003) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1967 to 1985, as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party.

Background
Kennedy was born in Cooksville, Ontario, to John Robert Kennedy (1883–1931) and Mary Evelyn Mabel Ellis (1890–1985). He received a Bachelor of Science degree from Ontario Agricultural College (later the University of Guelph) in 1940. He enlisted with the Canadian Army following his graduation, and served until the end of World War II in 1945. After he returned, he assisted other veterans through the Veterans Land Act. Kennedy was a trustee on the South Peel Board of Education from 1955 to 1963, and a commissioner on Toronto Township Hydro from 1963 to 1967.

Kennedy was the nephew of former Ontario premier Thomas Laird Kennedy, and the uncle of former legislator Ted Chudleigh. He and his wife Kathleen raised four children. He died in Mississauga, Ontario, and was buried at Saint John's Dixie Cemetery, Mississauga, Ontario.

Politics
He was elected to the Ontario legislature in the 1967 provincial election, defeating Liberal candidate Ted Glista by 3,618 votes in Peel South. He was re-elected in the 1971 election, and returned for the redistributed constituency of Mississauga South in 1975, 1977 and 1981. He was a backbench supporter of the John Robarts, William Davis and Frank Miller administrations, and served as Chief Government Whip for a period in the 1970s. He did not seek re-election in 1985.

title: Douglas Kennedy (politician)


text:
CSRA Inc.

CSRA Inc. provided information technology services to U.S. government clients in national security, civil government, and health care and public health. Its largest market, national security, included the Department of Defense, Homeland Security, U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, and intelligence agencies. It was the third-largest government IT and professional services company.

History
CSRA was formed through a merger of CSC's North American Public Sector business and SRA International (formerly Systems Research and Applications Corporation) on November 30, 2015, and the company began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the stock symbol CSRA. The company was headquartered in Falls Church, Virginia, and had offices in multiple states. CSRA sold its headquarters to Boston-based Marcus Partners, a real estate investment firm, for $33 million. On February 12, 2018, General Dynamics announced it was buying CSRA for about $9.6 billion. The acquisition was completed in April 2018.

CSRA is now part of General Dynamics Information Technology.

Markets

 * Defense
 * Intelligence, Homeland Security
 * Civil Government
 * Health

title: CSRA Inc.


text:
Jan Seyum

Jan Seyum was King of Zagwe dynasty. Taddesse Tamrat states that he was a son of Mara Takla Haymanot, a younger brother of King Tatadim, and the father of Yemrehana Krestos. His name does not appear in the longer king lists.

title: Jan Seyum


text:
Tuff Gong

Tuff Gong is the brand name associated with a number of businesses started by Bob Marley and the Marley family. 'Tuff Gong' comes from Marley's nickname, which was in turn an echo of that given to founder of the Rastafari movement, Leonard "The Gong" Howell.

Record label
Tuff Gong is a record label formed by the reggae group The Wailers in 1970. Before 1981, the label used the facilities of Federal Records recording company in Marcus Garvey Drive. The first single on the label was "Run For Cover" by The Wailers. After 1973, the Tuff Gong headquarters was located at 56 Hope Road, Kingston, Jamaica — Bob Marley's home. The location is now home to the Bob Marley Museum.

The Tuff Gong label is distributed by Universal Music through Island Records.

Tuff Gong is the official Caribbean distributor of Warner Music Group, Universal Music Group, and Disney Music Group.

In Rockstar Games and Rockstar North's Grand Theft Auto IV, Tuff Gong Radio is based on the record label and is featured as one of the many fictional radio stations featured in-game. The station is dedicated to playing songs associated with Bob Marley, including tracks by his sons Stephen Marley and Damian "Jr. Gong" Marley.

Recording studio
Tuff Gong is a full-service recording studio located in Kingston, Jamaica. In 1981, Bob Marley's wife, Rita Marley, purchased Ken Khouri's Federal Records recording studio, the island's first pressing plant, and the company subsequently moved from 56 Hope Road to 220 Marcus Garvey Drive, where it continues to operate.

Tuff Gong includes a recording studio, mastering room, stamper room, pressing plant, cassette plant, wholesale record shop, booking agency, as well as offices for Rita Marley Music and Ghetto Youths International.

Tuff Gong International studio is one of the largest Caribbean studios and features the second-largest live recording space on the island with artists, musicians, producers and tourists traveling from around the world to visit the facility.

A longtime resource for Jamaican musicians, Tuff Gong has been the location of recordings from Rita Marley, Capleton, Sly and Robbie, Shaggy, Bounty Killa, Lady Saw, Vybz Kartel, Popcaan, Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers, I-Wayne, Beenie Man, Jimmy Cliff, and many others.

International music stars, such as Snoop Dogg, Sinead O'Connor, Kenny Chesney, Lauryn Hill, Self Defense Family, and Tiken Jah Fakoly have chosen the studio for both its recording resources and its history.

A renewed international interest in Jamaican music has led to the studio being used by a younger generation of artists, including Major Lazer.

title: Tuff Gong


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North American English regional phonology

North American English regional phonology is the study of variations in the pronunciation of spoken North American English (English of the United States and Canada)—what are commonly known simply as "regional accents". Though studies of regional dialects can be based on multiple characteristics, often including characteristics that are phonemic (sound-based, focusing on major word-differentiating patterns and structures in speech), phonetic (sound-based, focusing on any more exact and specific details of speech), lexical (vocabulary-based), and syntactic (grammar-based), this article focuses only on the former two items. North American English includes American English, which has several highly developed and distinct regional varieties, along with the closely related Canadian English, which is more homogeneous geographically. American English (especially Western dialects) and Canadian English have more in common with each other than with varieties of English outside North America.

The most recent work documenting and studying the phonology of North American English dialects as a whole is the 2006 Atlas of North American English (ANAE) by William Labov, Sharon Ash, and Charles Boberg, on which much of the description below is based, following on a tradition of sociolinguistics dating to the 1960s; earlier large-scale American dialectology focused more on lexicology than on phonology.

Overview
Regional dialects in North America are historically the most strongly differentiated along the Eastern seaboard, due to distinctive speech patterns of urban centers of the American East Coast like Boston, New York City, and certain Southern cities, all of these accents historically noted by their London-like r-dropping (called non-rhoticity), a feature gradually receding among younger generations, especially in the South. The Connecticut River is now regarded as the southern and western boundary of the traditional New England accents, today still centered on Boston and much of Eastern New England. The Potomac River generally divides a group of Northeastern coastal dialects from an area of older Southeastern coastal dialects. All older Southern dialects, however, have mostly now receded in favor of a strongly rhotic, more unified accent group spread throughout the entire Southern United States since the late 1800s and into the early 1900s. In-between the two aforementioned rivers, some other variations exist, most famous among them being New York City English.

Outside of the Eastern seaboard, virtually all other North American English (both in the U.S. and Canada) has been firmly rhotic (pronouncing all r sounds), since the very first arrival of English-speaking settlers. An exception is the English spoken in the insular and culturally British-associated city of Victoria, British Columbia, where non-rhoticity is one of several features in common with British English, and despite the decline of the quasi-British "Van-Isle" accent once spoken throughout southern Vancouver Island, this makes it unique as the only distinguishable local dialect of Canadian English spoken west of Quebec.

Rhoticity in central and western North America is a feature shared today with the English of Ireland, for example, rather than most of the English of England, which has become non-rhotic since the late 1700s. The sound of Western U.S. English, overall, is much more homogeneous than Eastern U.S. English. The interior and western half of the country was settled by people who were no longer closely connected to England, living farther from the British-influenced Atlantic Coast.

Certain particular vowel sounds are the best defining characteristics of regional North American English including any given speaker's presence, absence, or transitional state of the so-called cot–caught merger. Northeastern New England, Canadian, and Western Pennsylvania accents, as well as all accents of the Western U.S. have a merger of these and  vowels, so that pairs of words like mock and talk, rod and clawed, or slot and bought rhyme. On the contrary, Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York metropolitan accents, plus inland accents of the Northern and Southern U.S., all strongly resist this merger, keeping the two sounds separate and thus maintaining an extra distinct vowel sound. The rest of the U.S. largely shows a transitional state of the merger, particularly the Midland dialect region, from Ohio to eastern Kansas.

Another prominent differentiating feature in regional North American English is fronting of the in words like goat, home, and toe and  in words like goose, two, and glue. This fronting characterizes Midland, Mid-Atlantic, and Southern U.S. accents; these accents also front and raise the vowel (of words like house, now, and loud), making yowl sound something like yeah-wool or even yale. Northern U.S. English, however, tends to keep all these vowels more backed. Southern and some Midland U.S. accents are often most quickly recognized by the weakening or deleting of the "glide" sound of the vowel in words like thyme, mile, and fine, making the word spy sound something like spa.

One phenomenon apparently unique to North American U.S. accents is the irregular behavior of words that in the British English standard, Received Pronunciation, have (where V stands for any vowel). Words of this class include, among others: origin, Florida, horrible, quarrel, warren, borrow, tomorrow, sorry, and sorrow. In General American there is a split: the majority of these words have (the sound of the word or), but the last four words of the list above have  (the sound of the words are). In Canada, all of these words are pronounced as (same as General American  but analyzed differently). In the accents of Greater New York City, Philadelphia, the Carolinas and older Southern, most or all of these words are pronounced (Shitara 1993).

Hierarchy of regional accents
The findings and categorizations of the 2006 The Atlas of North American English (or ANAE), use one well-supported way to hierarchically classify North American English accents at the level of broad geographic regions, sub-regions, etc. The North American regional accent represented by each branch, in addition to each of its own features, also contains all the features of the branch it extends from.

 * NORTH AMERICA
 * CANADA and WESTERN UNITED STATES = conservative +  is fronted + cot–caught merger
 * Atlantic Canada = is fronted before  + full Canadian raising
 * Standard Canada and Northwest =  is backed before  +  is tensed before  + Canadian Shift ( ←  ←  ← )
 * Inland Canada = full Canadian raising
 * GREATER NEW YORK CITY = fronted + conservative  and  + cot–caught distinction + New York  split system + Mary–marry–merry 3-way distinction
 * New York City = R-dropping
 * NEW ENGLAND and NORTH-CENTRAL UNITED STATES = conservative + conservative  + conservative  + pin–pen distinction
 * North = cot–caught distinction + is fronted before
 * Inland North = is often  tensed, encouraging the Northern Cities Shift ( ←  ←  ←  ←  ← )
 * Eastern New England = R-dropping + full Canadian raising
 * Northeastern New England = cot–caught merger + father–bother distinction + is fronted before
 * Rhode Island = cot–caught distinction + conservative before
 * Upper Midwest = cot–caught merger + is central before  +  is tensed before
 * Wisconsin and Minnesota = haggle–Hegel merger
 * SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES = is fronted +  is fronted +  is fronted
 * Southeastern Super-Region = cot–caught distinction or near-merger +  is fronted
 * Mid-Atlantic = Mid-Atlantic split system + Mary–marry–merry 3-way distinction
 * Midland = can be monophthongized before resonants + variable pin–pen merger
 * South = is monophthongized, encouraging the Southern Shift ( ←  ←  ←  and drawling) + pin–pen merger
 * Inland South = Back Upglide Chain Shift ( ← ←  ← ) + fill–feel merger
 * Marginal Southeast = cot–caught merger
 * Western Pennsylvania = cot–caught merger, encouraging the Pittsburgh Chain Shift ( ← ← ) + full–fool merger
 * Pittsburgh = can be monophthongized before  and, and in unstressed function words

Maps of regional accents

 * Western
 * The Western dialect, including Californian and New Mexican sub-types (with Pacific Northwest English also, arguably, a sub-type), is defined by:
 * Cot–caught merger to
 * is
 * is

 * North Central
 * The North Central ("Upper Midwest") dialect, including an Upper Michigan sub-type, is defined by:
 * Cot–caught merger to
 * is (and may even monophthongize to )
 * is

 * Inland Northern
 * The Inland Northern ("Great Lakes") dialect is defined by:
 * No cot–caught merger: the cot vowel is and caught vowel is
 * is universally, the triggering event for the Northern Cities Vowel Shift in more advanced sub-types ( ← ←  ←  ←  ← )
 * is

 * Midland
 * The Midland dialect is defined by:
 * Cot–caught merger is in transition
 * may be, often only before , , , or
 * is
 * is

 * WPA
 * The Western Pennsylvania dialect, including its advanced Pittsburgh sub-type, is defined by:
 * Cot–caught merger to, the triggering event for the Pittsburgh Chain Shift in the city itself ( ← ← ) but no trace of the Canadian Shift
 * is
 * Full–fool–foal merger to
 * Specifically in Greater Pittsburgh, is, particularly before  and , and in unstressed function words

 * Southern
 * The Southern dialects, including several sub-types, are defined by:
 * Variable rhoticity (parts of Louisiana are still non-rhotic, even among younger people )
 * No cot–caught merger: the cot vowel is and caught vowel is
 * is at least before, , , , or , or word-finally, and potentially elsewhere, the triggering event for the Southern Shift ( ←  ←  ← )
 * "Southern drawl" may break short front vowels into gliding vowels: → ;  → ;  →
 * is, the triggering event for the Back Upglide Shift in more advanced sub-types ( ← ←  ← )
 * is

 * Mid-Atlantic
 * The Mid-Atlantic ("Delaware Valley") dialect, including Philadelphia and Baltimore sub-types, is defined by:
 * No cot–caught merger: the cot vowel is and caught vowel is ; this severe distinction is the triggering event for the Back Vowel Shift before  ( ←  ← )
 * Unique Mid-Atlantic split system: the bad vowel is  and sad vowel is
 * is
 * is
 * No Mary–marry–merry merger

 * NYC
 * The New York City dialect (with New Orleans English an intermediate sub-type between NYC and Southern) is defined by:
 * No cot–caught merger: the cot vowel is and caught vowel is ; this severe distinction is the triggering event for the Back Vowel Shift before  ( ←  ← )
 * Non-rhoticity or variable rhoticity
 * Unique New York City split system: the bad vowel is  and bat vowel is
 * is
 * No Mary–marry–merry merger
 * father–bother not necessarily merged

 * ENE
 * Eastern New England dialect, including Maine and Boston sub-types (with Rhode Island English an intermediate sub-type between ENE and NYC), is defined by:
 * Cot–caught merger to (lacking only in Rhode Island)
 * Non-rhoticity or variable rhoticity
 * is
 * is
 * is
 * Commonly, the starting points of and  in a raised position when before voiceless consonants:  and, respectively
 * Possibly no Mary–marry–merry merger
 * No father–bother merger (except in Rhode Island): the father vowel is and bother vowel is

All regional Canadian English dialects, unless specifically stated otherwise, are rhotic, with the father–bother merger, cot–caught merger, and pre-nasal "short a" tensing. The broadest regional dialects include:
 * Standard Canadian
 * The Standard Canadian dialect, including its most advanced Inland Canadian sub-type and others, is defined by:
 * Cot–caught merger to, the triggering event for the Canadian Shift in more advanced sub-types ( ← ←  ← )
 * is raised to or even  when before
 * Especially in Inland Canadian, beginnings of and  in a raised position when before voiceless consonants:  and, respectively;  is otherwise ; and  approaches
 * is
 * is
 * is, except before /l/ where it is.

 * Atlantic Canadian
 * The Atlantic Canadian ("Maritimer") dialect, including Cape Breton, Lunenburg, and Newfoundland sub-types, is defined by:
 * Cot–caught merger to, but with no trace of the Canadian Shift
 * is
 * is

Alternative classifications
Combining information from the phonetic research through interviews of Labov et al. in the ANAE (2006) and the phonological research through surveys of Vaux (2004), Hedges (2017) performed a latent class analysis (cluster analysis) to generate six clusters, each with American English features that naturally occurred together and each expected to match up with one of these six broad U.S. accent regions: the North, the South, the West, New England, the Midland, and the Mid-Atlantic (including New York City). The results showed that the accent regions/clusters were largely consistent with those outlined in the ANAE.

The defining particular pronunciations of particular words that have more than an 86% likelihood of occurring in a particular cluster are: pajamas with either the phoneme or the phoneme ; coupon with either  or ; Monday with either  or ; Florida with either  or other possibilities (such as ); caramel with either two or three syllables; handkerchief with either  or ; lawyer as either  or ; poem with either one or two syllables; route with either  or ; mayonnaise with either two or three syllables; and been with either  or other possibilities (such as ). The parenthetical words indicate that the likelihood of their pronunciation occurs overwhelmingly in a particular region (well over 50% likelihood) but does not meet the >86% threshold set by Hedges (2017) for what necessarily defines one of the six regional accents. Blank boxes in the chart indicate regions where neither pronunciation variant particularly dominates over the other; in some of these instances, the data simply may be inconclusive or unclear.

★ Hedges (2017) acknowledges that the two pronunciations marked by this star are discrepancies of her latent class analysis, since they conflict with Vaux (2004)'s surveys. Conversely, the surveys show that is the much more common vowel for pajamas in the West, and  and  are in fact both common variants for lawyer in the Midland.

General American
General American is an umbrella accent of American English perceived by many Americans to be "neutral" and free of regional characteristics. A General American accent is not a specific well-defined standard English in the way that Received Pronunciation (RP) has historically been the standard prestigious variant of the English language in England; rather, accents with a variety of features can all be perceived by Americans as "General American" so long as they lack certain sociolinguistically salient features: namely, that is, lacking regional features (such as R-dropping, which usually identifies an American speaker as being from the East Coast or South), ethnic features (such as the "clear L" sound, which often identifies speakers as being Hispanic), or socioeconomic features (such as th-stopping, which often identifies speakers of a lower-class background).

Canada and Western United States
The English dialect region encompassing the Western United States and Canada is the largest one in North America and also the one with the fewest distinctive phonological features. This can be attributed to the fact that the West is the region most recently settled by English speakers, and so there has not been sufficient time for the region either to develop highly distinctive innovations or to split into strongly distinct dialectological subregions. The main phonological features of the Western U.S. and Canada are a completed cot-caught merger, a backed vowel (like the Northern U.S.), and a fronted  vowel (like the Southern U.S.).

Atlantic Canada
The accents of Atlantic Canada are more marked than the accents of the whole rest of English-speaking Canada. English of this region broadly includes fronting before  and full Canadian raising, but no Canadian Shift (the vowel shift documented in Standard Canadian English).

Inland Canada
All of Canada, except the Atlantic Provinces and French-speaking Québec, speaks Standard Canadian English: the relatively uniform variety of North American English native to inland and western Canada. The vowel is raised and diphthongized to  or  and  as  all before  and, merging words like leg and lag ; tang is pronounced.

The cot–caught merger to creates a hole in the short vowel sub-system and triggers a sound change known as the Canadian Shift, mainly found in Ontario, English-speaking Montreal, and further west, and led by Ontarians and women; it involves the front lax vowels, ,. The of  is retracted to  (except before nasals, where it is raised and diphthongized to ), then   and   are lowered in the direction of  and  and/or retracted; the exact trajectory of the shift is still disputed.

Increasing numbers of Canadians have a feature called "Canadian raising", in which the nucleus of the diphthongs and  are more "raised" before voiceless consonants. Thus for Canadians, word pairs like pouter/powder ( versus ) and rider/writer are pronounced differently.

Pacific Northwest
The English of the Pacific Northwest, a region extending from British Columbia south into the Northwestern United States (particularly Washington and Oregon), is closely linguistically related to that of Inland Canada and that of California.

Like in Inland Canada, before, and  are raised, and  is lowered, sometimes leading to three-way merger. Canadian raising of exists throughout the region, but the raising of  is more restricted to Canadian part. The Canadian shift was observed in Vancouver independently of the shift further east, and has now spread throughout the region. In Oregon, a split in occurs where it fronts except before /l/ and nasals, similar to California.

California
California, the most populated U.S. state, has been documented as having some notable new subsets of Western U.S. English. Some youthful urban Californians possess a vowel shift partly identical to the Canadian shift in its backing or lowering of each front vowel one space in the mouth. Before, is raised to , so king has the same vowel as keen rather than kin. Before  may be identified with the phoneme, so rang is pronounced with the same vowel as ray. Elsewhere is lowered in the direction of,   is lowered towards  (to someone without the shift, pet can sound like pat), and  is lowered towards , (pit can sound like pet), identically to the Canadian shift. In addition, is moving towards, so put sounds more like putt. is fronted towards, so putt can sound slightly similar to pet. The vowels and  ( and ) may be more fronted, i.e.  and. The pin–pen merger is complete in Bakersfield and rural areas of the Central Valley, and speakers in Sacramento either perceive or produce an approximation of this merger.

Greater New York City
As in Eastern New England, the accents of New York City, Long Island, and adjoining New Jersey cities are traditionally non-rhotic, while other greater New York area varieties falling under the same sweeping dialect are usually rhotic or variably rhotic. Metropolitan New York shows the back and  vowels of the North, but a fronted  vowel. The vowels of cot and caught  are distinct; in fact the New York dialect has perhaps the highest realizations of  in North American English, even approaching  or. Furthermore, the father vowel is traditionally kept distinct from either vowel, resulting in a three "lot-palm-father distinction".

The r-colored vowel of cart is back and often rounded, and not fronted as it famously is in Boston. New York City and its surrounding areas are also known for a complicated short-a split into lax versus tense, so that words, for example, like cast, calf, and cab have a different, higher, tenser vowel sound than cat, catch, and cap. The New York accent is well attested in American movies and television shows, often exaggerated, particularly in movies and shows about American mobsters from the area. Though it is sometimes known as a "Bronx" or "Brooklyn accent", no research has confirmed differences of accent between the city's boroughs.

Northern and North-Central United States
One vast super-dialectal area commonly identified by linguists is "the North", usually meaning New England, inland areas of the Mid-Atlantic states, and the North-Central States. There is no cot–caught merger in the North around the Great Lakes and southern New England, although the merger is in progress in the North-bordering Midland and is completed in northern New England, including as far down the Atlantic coast as Boston. The western portions of the North may also show a transitioning or completing cot-caught merger. The diphthong is, and  remains a back vowel, as does  after non-coronal consonants (unlike the rest of the country). Indeed, in part of the North (much of Wisconsin and Minnesota), remains back in all environments. Where the Southeast has the single word on, the North has. The Canadian raising of (to ) before voiceless consonants occurs is common in the North, and is becoming more common elsewhere in North America.

North
The traditional and linguistically conservative North (as defined by the Atlas of North American English) includes being often raised or fronted before, or both, as well as a firm resistance to the cot-caught merger (though possibly weakening in dialects reversing the fronting of  ). Maintaining these two features, but also developing several new ones, a younger accent of the North is now predominating at its center, around the Great Lakes and away from the Atlantic coast: the Inland North.

Inland North

The Inland North is a dialect region once considered the home of "standard Midwestern" speech that was the basis for General American in the mid-20th century. However, the Inland North dialect has been modified in the mid-1900s by the Northern Cities Vowel Shift (NCS), which is now the region's main outstanding feature, though it has been observed to be reversing at least in some areas, in particular with regards to raising before non-nasal consonants and  fronting. The Inland North is centered on the area on the U.S. side of the Great Lakes, most prominently including central and western New York State (including Syracuse, Binghamton, Rochester, and Buffalo), much of Michigan's Lower Peninsula (Detroit, Grand Rapids), Toledo, Cleveland, Chicago, Gary, and southeastern Wisconsin (Milwaukee, Racine, Kenosha), but broken up by the city of Erie, whose accent today is non-Inland Northern and even Midland-like. The NCS itself is not uniform throughout the Inland North; it is most advanced in Western New York and Michigan, and less developed elsewhere. The NCS is a chain shift involving movements of six vowel phonemes: the raising, tensing, and diphthongization of towards  in all environments (cat being pronounced more like "kyat"), then the fronting of  to  (cot sounding like cat), then the lowering of  towards  (caught sounding like cot, but without the two merging due to the previous step), then the backing and sometimes lowering of, toward either  or , then the backing and rounding of  towards , so that (cut sounding like caught), then lastly the lowering and backing of  (but without any pin–pen merger).

New England
New England does not form a single unified dialect region, but rather houses as few as four native varieties of English, with some linguists identifying even more. Only Southwestern New England (Connecticut and western Massachusetts) neatly fits under the aforementioned definition of "the North". Otherwise, speakers, namely of Eastern New England, show very unusual other qualities. All of New England has a nasal short-a system, meaning that the short-a vowel most strongly raises before nasal consonants, as in much of the rest of the country.

Northeastern New England
The local and historical dialect of the coastal portions of New England, sometimes called Eastern New England English, now only encompasses Northeastern New England: Maine, New Hampshire (some of whose urban speakers are retreating from this local accent), and eastern Massachusetts (including Greater Boston). The accents spoken here share the Canadian raising of as well as often, but they also possess the cot-caught merger, which is not associated with rest of "the North". Most famously, Northern New England accents (with the exception of Northwestern New England, much of southern New Hampshire, and Martha's Vineyard) are often non-rhotic. Some Northeastern New England accents are unique in North America for having resisted what is known as father–bother merger: in other words, the stressed vowel phonemes of father and bother remain distinct as and, so that the two words do not rhyme as they do in most American accents. Many Eastern New England speakers also once had a class of words with "broad a"—that is, as in father in words that in most accents contain, such as bath, half, and can't, similar to their pronunciation in London and southern England. The distinction between the vowels of horse and hoarse is maintained in traditional non-rhotic New England accents as for horse (with the same vowel as cot and caught) vs. for hoarse, though the horse–hoarse merger is certainly on the rise in the region today. The phoneme has highly distinct allophones before nasal consonants. fronting is usual before.

Rhode Island
Rhode Island, dialectally identified as "Southeastern New England", is sometimes grouped with the Eastern New England dialect region, both by the dialectologists of the mid–20th century and in certain situations by the Atlas of North American English; it shares Eastern New England's traditional non-rhoticity (or "R Dropping"). A key linguistic difference between Rhode Island and the rest of the Eastern New England, however, is that Rhode Island is subject to the father–bother merger and yet neither the cot–caught merger nor fronting before. Indeed, Rhode Island shares with New York and Philadelphia an unusually high and back allophone of (as in caught), even compared to other communities that do not have the cot–caught merger. In the Atlas of North American English, the city of Providence (the only Rhode Island community sampled by the Atlas) is also distinguished by having the backest realizations of, , and in North America. Therefore, Rhode Island English aligns in some features more with Boston English and other features more with New York City English.

Western New England
Recognized by research since the 1940s is the linguistic boundary between Eastern and Western New England, the latter settled from the Connecticut and New Haven colonies, rather than the Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies. Western New Englanders settled most of upstate New York and the Inland North. Dialectological research has revealed some phonological nuances separating a Northwestern and Southwestern New England accent. Vermont, sometimes dialectally identified as "Northwestern New England", has the full cot-caught merger and fronting before  of Boston or Maine English, and yet none of the other marked features of Eastern New England, nor much evidence of the NCS, which is more robustly documented, though still variable, in Southwestern New England. Rhoticity predominates in all of Western New England, as does the father–bother merger of the rest of the nation. Southwestern New England merely forms a "less strong" extension of the Inland North dialect region, and it centers on Connecticut and western Massachusetts. It shows the same general phonological system as the Inland North, including variable elements of Northern Cities Vowel Shift (NCS)—for instance, an that is somewhat higher and tenser than average, an  that is fronter than, and so on. The cot–caught merger is approximated in western Massachusetts but usually still resisted in Connecticut. The "tail" of Connecticut may have some character diffused from New York City English.

North Central
The North Central or Upper Midwest dialect region of the United States extends from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan westward across northern Minnesota and North Dakota into the middle of Montana. Although the Atlas of North American English does not include the North Central region as part of the North proper, it shares all of the features listed above as properties of the North as a whole. The North Central is a linguistically conservative region; it participates in few of the major ongoing sound changes of North American English. Its  and   vowels are frequently even monophthongs:  and, respectively. The movie Fargo, which takes place in the North Central region, famously features strong versions of this accent. Unlike most of the rest of the North, the cot–caught merger is prevalent in the North Central region. Like in Canada,  is raised before /g/. In addition, some speakers will show NCS features, like  raising towards  and   fronting towards.

Southeastern United States
The 2006 Atlas of North American English identifies a "Southeastern super-region", in which all accents of the Southern States, as well as accents all along their regional margins, constitute a vast area of recent linguistic unity in certain respects: namely, the movement of four vowel sounds (those in the words, , , and ) towards the center or front of the mouth, all of which is notably different from the accents of the Northern United States.

Essentially all of the modern-day Southern dialects, plus dialects marginal to the South (some even in geographically and culturally "Northern" states), are thus considered a subset of this super-region: the whole American South, the southern half of the Mid- and South Atlantic regions, and a transitional Midland dialect area between the South and the North, comprising parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, southeastern Nebraska, southern Illinois, southern Indiana, and southern Ohio. These are the minimal necessary features that identify a speaker from the Southeastern super-region:
 * Fronting of and : The gliding vowels  (as in cow or ouch) and  (as in goat or bone) both start considerably forward in the mouth, approximately  and, respectively.  may even end in a very forward position —something like . However, this fronting does not occur in younger speakers before  (as in goal or colt) or before a syllable break between two vowels (as in going or poet), in which  remains back in the mouth as.
 * Lacking or transitioning cot–caught merger: The historical distinction between the two vowels sounds and, in words like caught and cot or stalk and stock is mainly preserved. In much of the South during the 1900s, there was a trend to lower the vowel found in words like stalk and caught, often with an upglide, so that the most common result today is the gliding vowel . However, the cot–caught merger is becoming increasingly common throughout the United States, thus affecting Southeastern (even some Southern) dialects, towards a merged vowel . In the South, this merger, or a transition towards this merger, is especially documented in central, northern, and (particularly) western Texas.
 * Pin–pen merger in transition: The vowels and  often merge when before nasal consonants, so that pen and pin, for instance, or hem and him, are pronounced the same, as pin or him, respectively. The merger is towards the sound . This merger is now firmly completed throughout the Southern dialect region; however, it is not found in some vestigial varieties of the older South, and other geographically Southern U.S. varieties that have eluded the Southern Vowel Shift, such as the Yat dialect of New Orleans or the anomalous dialect of Savannah, Georgia. The pin–pen merger has also spread beyond the South in recent decades and is now found in isolated parts of the West and the southern Midwest as well.
 * Rhoticity: Dropping of postvocalic r (and, in some dialects, intervocalic r) was historically widespread in the South, particularly in former plantation areas. This phenomenon, non-rhoticity, was considered prestigious across the nation before World War II, after which the social perception reversed. Rhoticity (sometimes called r-fulness), in which all or most r sounds are pronounced, historically found only in the Midland, Appalachia, and some other Southeastern regions, has now become dominant throughout almost the entire Southeastern super-region, as in most American English, and even more so among younger and female white Southerners; major exceptions are among Black or African American Southerners, whose modern vernacular dialect continues to be mostly non-rhotic as well as most of southern Louisiana, where non-rhotic accents still dominate. The sound quality of the Southeastern r is the distinctive "bunch-tongued r", produced by strongly constricting the root and/or midsection of the tongue.

Midland
A band of the United States from Pennsylvania west to the Great Plains is what twentieth-century linguists identified as the "Midland" dialect region, though this dialect's same features are now reported in certain other pockets of the country too (for example, some major cities in Texas, all in Central and South Florida, and particular cities that are otherwise Southern). In older and traditional dialectological research, focused on lexicology (vocabulary) rather than phonology (accent), the Midland was divided into two discrete geographical subdivisions: the "North Midland" that begins north of the Ohio River valley area and, south of that, the "South Midland" dialect area. The North Midland region stretches from east-to-west across central and southern Ohio, central Indiana, central Illinois, Iowa, and northern Missouri, as well as Nebraska and Kansas where it begins to blend into the West. The South Midland dialect region follows the Ohio River in a generally southwesterly direction, moving across from Kentucky, southern Indiana, and southern Illinois to southern Missouri, Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, and Oklahoma, west of the Mississippi River. The distinction between a "North" versus "South Midland" was discarded in the 2006 Atlas of North American English, in which the former "North Midland" is now simply called "the Midland" (and argued to have a "stronger claim" to a General American accent than any other region) and the "South Midland" is considered merely as the upper portion of "the South"; this ANAE reevaluation is primarily on the basis of phonology. The Midland is characterized by having a distinctly fronter realization of the phoneme (as in boat) than many other American accents, particularly those of the North; the phoneme is frequently realized with a central nucleus, approximating. Likewise, has a fronter nucleus than, approaching. Another feature distinguishing the Midland from the North is that the word on contains the phoneme (as in caught) rather than  (as in cot). For this reason, one of the names for the North-Midland boundary is the "on line". However, since the twentieth century, this area is currently undergoing a vowel merger of the "short o" (as in cot) and 'aw'  (as in caught) phonemes, known as the cot-caught merger. Many speakers show transitional forms of the merger. The phoneme (as in cat) shows most commonly a so-called "continuous" distribution:  is raised and tensed toward  before nasal consonants, as in much of the country.

Midland outside the Midland
Atlanta, Georgia has been characterized by a massive movement of non-Southerners into the area during the 1990s, leading the city to becoming hugely mixed in terms of dialect. Currently, is variably monophthongized (as in the Southern U.S.); no complete cot-caught merger is reported; and the pin–pen merger is variable.

Charleston, South Carolina is an area where, today, most speakers have clearly conformed to a Midland regional accent, rather than any Southern accent. Charleston was once home to its own very locally-unique accent that encompassed elements of older British English while resisting Southern regional accent trends, perhaps with additional linguistic influence from French Huguenots, Sephardi Jews, and, due to Charleston's high concentration of African-Americans that spoke the Gullah language, Gullah African Americans. The most distinguishing feature of this now-dying accent is the way speakers pronounce the name of the city, to which a standard listener would hear "Chahlston", with a silent "r". Unlike Southern regional accents, Charlestonian speakers have never exhibited inglide long mid vowels, such as those found in typical Southern and.

Central and South Florida show no evidence of any type of glide deletion, Central Florida shows a pin–pen merger, and South Florida does not. Otherwise, Central and South Florida easily fit under the definition of the Midland dialect, including the cot-caught merger being transitional. In South Florida, particularly in and around Miami-Dade, Broward, and Monroe counties, a unique dialect, commonly called the "Miami accent", is widely spoken. The dialect first developed among second- or third-generation Hispanics, including Cuban-Americans, whose first language was English. Unlike the older Florida Cracker dialect, "Miami accent" is rhotic. It also incorporates a rhythm and pronunciation heavily influenced by Spanish (wherein rhythm is syllable-timed).

Mid-Atlantic States
The cities of the Mid-Atlantic States around the Delaware Valley (South Jersey, southeastern Pennsylvania, northern Delaware, and eastern Maryland) are typically classified together, their speakers most popularly labelled as having a Philadelphia accent or a Baltimore accent. While Labov et al. state that the dialect could potentially be included in the Midland super-region, the dialect is not included in Midland proper as a result of distinct phonological features defining the dialect. The Mid-Atlantic split of into two separate phonemes, similar to but not exactly the same as New York City English, is one major defining feature of the dialect region, as is a resistance to the Mary–marry–merry merger and cot-caught merger (a raising and diphthongizing of the "caught" vowel), and a maintained distinction between historical short o and long o before intervocalic, so that, for example, orange, Florida, and horrible have a different stressed vowel than story and chorus; all of these features are shared between Mid-Atlantic American and New York City English. Other features include that water is sometimes pronounced, that is, with the vowel of wood; the single word on is pronounced not , so that, as in the South and Midland (and unlike New York and the North) it rhymes with dawn rather than don; the  of goat and boat is fronted, so it is pronounced , as in the advanced accents of the Midland and South. Canadian raising occurs for (price) but not for  (mouth).

According to linguist Barbara Johnstone, migration patterns and geography affected the Philadelphia dialect's development, which was especially influenced by immigrants from Northern England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

South
The Southern United States is often dialectally identified as "The South," as in ANAE. There is still great variation between sub-regions in the South (see here for more information) and between older and younger generations. Southern American English as Americans popularly imagine began to take its current shape only after the beginning of the twentieth century. Some generalizations include: the conditional merger of and  before nasal consonants, the pin–pen merger; the diphthong  becomes monophthongized to ; lax and tense vowels often merge before. The South Midland dialect (now considered the upper portion of the Southern U.S. dialect and often not distinguished phonologically) follows the Ohio River in a generally southwesterly direction, moves across Arkansas and some of Oklahoma west of the Mississippi, and peters out in West Texas; it also includes some of North Florida, namely around Jacksonville. It most noticeably has the loss of the diphthong, which becomes. It also shows fronting of initial vowel of to  (often lengthened and prolonged) yielding ; nasalization of vowels, esp. diphthongs, before ; raising of  to ; can't → cain't, etc.; fully rhoticity, unlike classical coastal varieties of older Southern American English, now mostly declined. In the Southern Vowel Shift of the early 1900s up to the present, moves to become a high front vowel, and  to become a mid front unrounded vowel. In a parallel shift, the and  relax and become less front; the back vowels  in boon and  in code shift considerably forward to  and, respectively; and, the open back unrounded vowel  in card shifts upward towards  as in board, which in turn moves up towards the old location of  in boon. This particular shift probably does not occur for speakers with the cot–caught merger. The lowering movement of the Southern Vowel Shift is also accompanied by a raising and "drawling" movement of vowels. The term Southern drawl has been used to refer to the diphthongization/triphthongization of the traditional short front vowels, as in the words pat, pet, and pit. these develop a glide up from their original starting position to, and then in some cases back down to schwa; thus: → ,  → , and  →.

Inland South and Texas South
The ANAE identifies two important, especially advanced subsets of the South in terms of their leading the Southern Vowel Shift (detailed above): the "Inland South" located in the southern half of Appalachia and the "Texas South," which only covers the north-central region of Texas (Dallas), Odessa, and Lubbock, but not Abilene, El Paso, or southern Texas (which have accents more like the Midland region). One Texan distinction from the rest of the South is that all Texan accents have been reported as showing a pure, non-gliding vowel, and the identified "Texas South" accent, specifically, is at a transitional stage of the cot-caught merger; the "Inland South" accent of Appalachia, however, firmly resists the merger. Pronunciations of the Southern dialect in Texas may also show notable influence derived from an early Spanish-speaking population or from German immigrants.

Marginal Southeast
The following Southeastern super-regional locations fit cleanly into none of the aforementioned subsets of the Southeast, and may even be marginal-at-best members of the super-region itself:

Chesapeake and the Outer Banks (North Carolina) islands are enclaves of a traditional "Hoi Toider" dialect, in which is typically backed and rounded. Many other features of phonological (and lexical) note exist here too; for example, Ocracoke, North Carolina shows no cot–caught merger and its monophthongs are diphthongized (up-gliding) before /ʃ/ and /tʃ/ and Smith Island, Maryland shows an that is diphthongized (like the South) and no happy tensing.

New Orleans, Louisiana has been home to a type of accent with parallels to the New York City accent reported for over a century. This variety of New Orleans English has been locally nicknamed "Yat" since at least the 1980s, from a traditional greeting "Where y'at" ("Where are you at?", meaning "How are you?"). The Yat/NYC parallels include the split of the historic short-a class into tense and lax  versions, as well as pronunciation of cot and caught as  and. The stereotypical New York coil–curl merger of "toity-toid street" (33rd Street) used to be a common New Orleans feature as well, though it has mostly receded today. One of the most detailed phonetic depictions of an extreme "yat" accent of the early 20th century is found in the speech of the character Krazy Kat in the comic strip of the same name by George Herriman. Such extreme accents still be found in parts of Mid-City and the 9th ward, Jefferson Parish, as well as in St. Bernard Parish, just east of New Orleans. The novel A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole often employs the Yat accent.

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, according to the ANAE's research, is not quite a member of the Midland dialect region. Rather, its features seem to be a blend of the Western and Midland dialects. The overview of ANAE's studied features for Oklahoma City speakers include a conservative, conservative , transitional cot-caught merger, and variable pin–pen merger.

Savannah, Georgia once had a local accent that is now "giving way to regional patterns" of the Midland. According to the ANAE, there is much transition in Savannah, and the following features are reported as inconsistent or highly variable in the city: the Southern phenomenon of being monophthongized, non-rhoticity,  fronting, the cot–caught merger, the pin–pen merger, and conservative  (which is otherwise rarely if ever reported in either the South or the Midland).

St. Louis, Missouri is historically one among several (North) Midland cities, but it is largely considered by ANAE to classify under blends of Inland North accents, with the Northern Cities Vowel Shift (NCS), and Midland accents. The "St. Louis Corridor" demonstrates this variability in speakers following a line formed by U.S. Route 66 in Illinois (now Interstate 55), going from Chicago southwest to St. Louis. This corridor of speakers cuts right through the center of what is otherwise the firmly-documented Midland region. Older St. Louisans demonstrate a card-cord merger, so that "I-44" is pronounced like "I farty-four". St. Louis resists the cot–caught merger and middle-aged speakers show the most advanced stages of the NCS, while maintaining many of the other Midland features.

Western Pennsylvania
The dialect of the western half of Pennsylvania is like the Midland proper in many features, including the fronting of and. The chief distinguishing feature of Western Pennsylvania as a whole is that the cot–caught merger is noticeably complete here, whereas it is still in progress in most of the Midland. The merger has also spread from Western Pennsylvania into adjacent West Virginia, historically in the South Midland dialect region. The city of Pittsburgh shows an especially advanced subset of Western Pennsylvania English, additionally characterized by a sound change that is unique in North America: the monophthongization of to. This is the source of the stereotypical Pittsburgh pronunciation of downtown as "dahntahn". Pittsburgh also features an unusually low allophone of (as in cut); it approaches  ( itself having moved out of the way and become a rounded vowel in its merger with ).