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User talk:0101LAIkay

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Talk:World championship

This article is confusing. Do you mean world championships for countries or for professional teams? You have the FIBA basketball championship for countries but then don't have the soccer World Cup. -- 70.27.57.22 04:35, 8 October 2005 what about figure skating? (UTC)

Olympic title
The winning of an olympic title is not the same as a world championship. I do feel Olympic events should be removed unless they are recognised as a world championship by say that sports governing body. (Darmech (talk) 19:13, 13 February 2015 (UTC))

NWA - Pro wrestling
I noticed that the NWA, World Championships are separated by weight divisions, just like boxing, where in they have a World Heavyweight Champion, World Light Heavyweight Champion, World Middleweight Champion, and even a Midget's world title. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.1.61.200 (talk) 00:41, 9 October 2009 (UTC)

UFWC
The Unofficial Football World Championships page here is largely my baby. I'd just like to say how pleased I am that this has been allowed to be included on this list. Thanks
 * Ahkayah cuarenta y siete 22:26, 8 October 2005 (UTC)(Currently hoping that my message wont backfire, by sending people of to that page and slapping on it!!)

Move
This page should be at "World championship" in line with Wikipedia's capitalisation policy. Choalbaton 02:20, 10 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Done. — Nightst a  llion  (?) 11:22, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

world championship / world cup
I have reverted the merge with world cup. This is because some sports have both. For example in athletics (track and field) and canoe racing, the world cup refers to a series of prestigious, but "normal" international meets through the year, whereas world championship refers to the once a year top event. In football (soccer) the world cup is the top prize (effectively the world championship) but in some sports world championships are different, separate events, superior to the world cup. Jameswilson 01:16, 20 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, you're quite correct; but that's what the new World cup article is out to explain, that World Cups and World Championships are sometimes different things, sometimes contested in the same sports, and sometimes subject to different rules. The list of world cups and world championships is there to provide the disambiguation potential of both the original World Cup and World Championship articles, streamlining the whole process, allowing the World Cup and World Championship articles, which - save for their lists - were practically identical, to be in one place. It lets people learn about what is a World Cup or a World Championship, two very related concepts; or where necessary find the world cup or championship they're looking for, sooner. That's why I merged. Erath 22:17, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
 * OK,, go ahead, but please bear in mind that with the football World Cup on next month,, most people who search for World Cup at the moment want to go straight to the 2006 World Cup in Germany, so we need to keep an easy route for them. Jameswilson 22:22, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Done. A new disambiguation header on World cup sends readers right there. Erath 22:28, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
 * OK - what a model of amicable dispute resolution! Jameswilson 00:14, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

United States
Something should be written to the effect that many champions from tournaments in the United States claim to be "World Champions" for example the NBA Champions. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.15.127.253 (talk) 19:16, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

On that note
While nation vs. nation competition may be the "gold standard" for association football, this isn't true of all sports. I'll use baseball as an example. The World Baseball Classic is going to start in a few months, and several players from Major League Baseball have announced their inentions not to compete because they don't want to risk injury and miss time away from the MLB season. They would rather sit out of an international tournament than risk missing a few regular season games (out of a 162 game season).Mustang6172 (talk) 08:28, 31 December 2008 (UTC)

Games
This page seems fairly muddled when it comes to defining the lists of World Championships of which there is a second page for sports. The question is what are the inclusion criteria for an event to make these lists? Is it supposed to be fully inclusive of any World Championship reported on wikipedia? I am not sure that any but the most notable events should appear on this list and other events should be sub-categorised into fuller lists. With the inclusion of eating and performance arts. Clearly, there are major events such as Chess World Championships that are more significant than some events currently on the list. I would suggest that a games subheading is added to the list. And that a long-term aim is to break the list into separate pages so that major international events don't get confused with minor events in notable sports. Tetron76 (talk) 17:01, 12 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Added section and new page Mind sports world championship — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tetron76 (talk • contribs) 12:26, 16 February 2011 (UTC)

Original research, possible POV issues, and the lack of reliable sources in the article
This article is making a blanket statement about world championships including a definition covering all sports without the use of any reliable sources. The intro to the article may require a substantial re-write in order to meet Wikipedia's standards. For example, it states that the world championship is the "top achievement of any sport or contest." However, the article has many of the sports listing multiple world championships so how can all of them be the top achievement? Holyfield1998 (talk) 11:31, 26 October 2012 (UTC)
 * One egregious example of WP:OR in this article is the section on most successful athletes in each sport. Let's look at tennis. It lists the ATP World Tour Finals as the "world championship." Where are the references for this? Who determined this? Certainly not the ATP which never states that the ATP World Tour Finals are a world championship. Based on the definition of world championship in this article, it would be the highest achievement in the sport, except it isn't. Each and every one of the slams rank higher in prestige and in ATP ranking points than the ATP World Tour Finals. Additionally, there are no gold medals, bronze, or silver medals given out at the World Tour Finals. Lastly, I don't think anyone with basic tennis knowledge would consider Ivan Lendl as the most successful athlete in the sport of tennis. It appears that for the most part, the majority of this article is synthesis and original research. Holyfield1998 (talk) 02:18, 29 October 2012 (UTC)
 * maybe some info of some sport in this enormous table is wrong, you can fix it, it is wikipadia, and thankz for your colaboration.--Feroang (talk) 03:18, 29 October 2012 (UTC)

I'm the author. I don't think that this is an original research because the data collected are objective for every sport. The table will be updated and if there are errors must be corrected. --Kasper2006 (talk) 18:07, 6 November 2012 (UTC)
 * In Tennis there isn't a World Championships, but the ATP World Tour Finals can be considered such as, but if so you do not seem it, we can eliminated the Tennis from sports who have a world championship, it's easy. ;-) For other sports I don't see the problem, for example it is entirely objective (certainly not original research) that no one has won more World Championships than Sebastien Loeb. --Kasper2006 (talk) 18:10, 6 November 2012 (UTC)
 * A world championship is a world championship. If a governing body discribes an event as a WC then a WC it is unless other bodies challenge it. Nothing can be considered a world championship unless it is called so. Also there are many more people who have won more world championships than Sebastian Loeb, without taking away the gentlemans amazing achievements.(Darmech (talk) 19:21, 13 February 2015 (UTC))

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20110101092410/http://www.phf.com.pk:80/wc_distinctions.php to http://www.phf.com.pk/wc_distinctions.php

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Long Track Speed Skating
World Championships should include the World Single Distance (500, 1000, 1500, 5000, 10000, team pursuit, and mass start for men; 500, 1000, 1500, 3000, 5000, team pursuit, and mass start for women), World Allround, and World Sprint Championships, as these are the World Championships organized by the International Skating Union. Morningperson7 (talk) 21:00, 16 August 2017 (UTC)

Merge from World cup competition
World cup competition should merge (per WP:MERGE and WP:POVFORK to World championship; it's a duplicate topic, unencyclopedically singling out a subset of world championships based on "cup" being in their name.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ >ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ<  03:44, 14 October 2017 (UTC) --Kasper2006 (talk) 05:42, 14 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose, In many sports, World Cup (usually competed with more races of a season), and world championship (usually a single event) are different. Some examples in the following table.
 * And in other sports that's not the case. Some sports have multiple world championships (or cups or whatever), put on by different organizations. They're all the same general class of thing: top-tier, world-level competitions.  All you're doing is highlighting how artificial the categorization is: now it's  sports with world cups that have multiple days of competition a different points in the season.   — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ >ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ<  03:36, 15 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Oppose, as per Kasper2006 above. World Rowing Cup/ World Rowing Championships is another example. --David Biddulph (talk) 06:56, 14 October 2017 (UTC)
 * THe fact that you can come up with some examples of the of world cup you have in mind doesn't make this any less artificial a split, but worse. All at least before it looked like you were trying to do a name-based WP:POVFORK, but now it's clearly just arbitrary.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ >ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ<  03:36, 15 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose per above. Wold cups are the subset of world sports competitions. But, maybe, merge to World Cup. 95.133.219.133 (talk) 10:11, 14 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Why would we merge from the more general name to the one that only applies when the trophy is cup-shaped?  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ >ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ<  03:36, 15 October 2017 (UTC)
 * I mean, merge World cup competition into World Cup and rename the merged article into World cup (similar to World championship). 95.133.219.133 (talk) 02:31, 16 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Ah, yes, that makes sense, regardless of the idea of merging the cup and championship pages.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ >ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ<  09:00, 5 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose They aren't the same. J 1982 (talk) 19:30, 30 November 2017 (UTC)

Sportsperson or athlete
We have a section header "Best sportsperson by sport" with subsections of Male, Female, Open, and Mixed. The Male table uses sportsperson while all others use athlete. Which one do we wish to standardize on? --Khajidha (talk) 14:23, 3 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Use "sportsperson", because "athlete" as a synonym of this is largely an Americanism; is other dialects is often implies track and field only.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ >ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ<  09:02, 5 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Done--Khajidha (talk) 15:16, 5 November 2017 (UTC)

Olympics?
Fencing men's lists best Olympic performer, while female World championhip. Maybe we should only use statistics performed in actual World Championships? Olympics are a different type of competition and they have their own statistics and medal counts. --Pelmeen10 (talk) 22:36, 22 January 2018 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:World championship


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United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas

The United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas (in case citations, N.D. Tex.) is a United States district court. Its first judge, Andrew Phelps McCormick, was appointed to the court on April 10, 1879. The court convenes in Dallas, Texas with divisions in Fort Worth, Amarillo, Abilene, Lubbock, San Angelo, and Wichita Falls. It has jurisdiction over 100 counties in the northern and central parts of the U.S. state of Texas.

The United States Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Texas represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. , the United States attorney is Leigha Simonton.

Appeals from this court are heard by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, which includes Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

Jurisdiction
The Northern District of Texas has seven court divisions, covering the following counties:

 * The Abilene Division, covering Callahan, Eastland, Fisher, Haskell, Howard, Jones, Mitchell, Nolan, Shackelford, Stephens, Stonewall, Taylor, and Throckmorton counties.
 * The Amarillo Division, covering Armstrong, Briscoe, Carson, Castro, Childress, Collingsworth, Dallam, Deaf Smith, Donley, Gray, Hall, Hansford, Hartley, Hemphill, Hutchinson, Lipscomb, Moore, Ochiltree, Oldham, Parmer, Potter, Randall, Roberts, Sherman, Swisher, and Wheeler counties.
 * The Dallas Division, covering Dallas, Ellis, Hunt, Johnson, Kaufman, Navarro, and Rockwall counties.
 * The Fort Worth Division, covering Comanche, Erath, Hood, Jack, Palo Pinto, Parker, Tarrant, and Wise counties.
 * The Lubbock Division, covering Bailey, Borden, Cochran, Crosby, Dawson, Dickens, Floyd, Gaines, Garza, Hale, Hockley, Kent, Lamb, Lubbock, Lynn, Motley, Scurry, Terry, and Yoakum counties.
 * The San Angelo Division, covering Brown, Coke, Coleman, Concho, Crockett, Glasscock, Irion, Menard, Mills, Reagan, Runnels, Schleicher, Sterling, Sutton, and Tom Green counties.
 * The Wichita Falls Division, covering Archer, Baylor, Clay, Cottle, Foard, Hardeman, King, Knox, Montague, Wichita, Wilbarger, and Young counties.

History
The first federal judge in Texas was John C. Watrous, who was appointed on May 26, 1846, and had previously served as Attorney General of the Republic of Texas. He was assigned to hold court in Galveston, at the time, the largest city in the state. As seat of the United States District Court for the District of Texas, the Galveston court had jurisdiction over the whole state. On February 21, 1857, the state was divided into two districts, Eastern and Western, with Judge Watrous continuing in the Eastern district. Judge Watrous and Judge Thomas Howard DuVal, of the Western District of Texas, left the state on the secession of Texas from the Union, the only two United States judges not to resign their posts in states that seceded. When Texas was restored to the Union, Watrous and DuVal resumed their duties and served until 1870.

In 1879, Texas was further subdivided with the creation of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, using territory taken from both the Eastern and Western districts.

In the twenty-first century, the Northern District of Texas has become a destination for forum shopping by conservative judicial activists who hope to use the conservative lean of the judges to gain favorable ideological decisions.


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Crackerjack (2002 film)

Crackerjack is a 2002 Australian comedy film starring Mick Molloy, Bill Hunter, Frank Wilson, Monica Maughan, Samuel Johnson, Lois Ramsey, Bob Hornery, Judith Lucy, John Clarke and Denis Moore.

Plot
Jack Simpson is a wisecracking, directionless layabout who works at an inner city telemarketing firm. For years he has been a member at the Cityside Lawn Bowls Club (in fact he has three memberships), but he has never played a single game, having only joined to get the free parking spaces from which he makes extra cash by renting them to his workmates. But Cityside is in dire financial trouble and a greedy developer, Bernie Fowler, wants to turn it into a soulless pokies venue. The Club President, Len, decides that all existing members must now play and Jack reluctantly has to turn up on Saturdays to take part in the bowling matches. Jack proves to be a natural player but he soon annoys and upsets the older club members with his brashness and lack of tact. Veteran player Stan, sensing that Jack only needs some guidance, both in the game and in life, takes him under his wing acts as a father figure, teaching him to think of other people apart from himself.

After losing his girlfriend and his job, the Bowls Club suddenly becomes all Jack has in his life and, despite himself, he grows fond of the older members. His flatmate, Dave, joins the club and he starts a relationship with Nancy, a journalist. Bernie, determined to take over the club, investigates Jack and exposes his illegal car park hiring scam, which almost gets him expelled. Cityside enters a major tournament at Bernie's glitzy club, the prize money from which will save their independence. Jack's selfish showboating almost costs them the first round but Stan and the others make Jack finally realise he is part of a team.

Soon the Police arrive to arrest Len as (in a tip-off from Bernie) they discovered marijuana stored at the club. It turns out the greenkeeper has been secretly growing marijuana but Jack is blamed by the other members. Dave and two of the ladies, Gwen and Eileen, approach the State Governor and convince her to overturn a lifetime ban on Cliff Carew, the club's best player, and the latter takes Len's place. Cityside fights their way into the lead and Stan throws the winning shot but he suffers a severe heart attack as he does so and Bernie lodges a protest, meaning the shot is disallowed. Jack insists that the rules allow the team a re-shot and he takes his special shot, the 'Flipper', which wins the tournament. To rub salt into the wounds, Nancy proves that while spying on the club, Bernie violated a restraining order banning him from the club, an illegal act which disqualifies Bernie from holding a gaming licence.

Cityside experiences both triumph and tragedy; the club is saved and can continue in its old form. However, Stan passes away and the club names the green in his honour. The pot growing greenkeeper is sacked and Jack takes over his job and is comforted by Len who says Stan loved him like a son, he and Nancy begin a new life with their friends at the club. The film's end credits feature a postscript with still images and a narration by Jack describing the later exploits of all the characters.

Cast

 * Jack Simpson – Mick Molloy
 * Stan Coombs – Bill Hunter
 * Dave Jackson – Samuel Johnson
 * Nancy Brown – Judith Lucy
 * Bernie Fowler – John Clarke
 * Len Johnson – Frank Wilson
 * Eileen – Monica Maughan
 * Gwen – Lois Ramsey
 * Norm – Cliff Ellen
 * Ron – Bob Hornery
 * Cliff Carew – John Flaus
 * Edgar – Peter Aanensen
 * Mrs Jenkins – Esme Melville
 * Mandy – Robyn Butler
 * Greenkeeper – Brett Swain
 * Supervisor – Christopher Kirby
 * Official – Denis Moore
 * Governor – Joan Murray
 * Announcer – Tony Martin
 * Security Guard – Steve Hutchinson

Reception
Paul Byrnes, writing in the Sydney Morning Herald, referred to Crackerjack as 'a good-natured comedy...in which there's a nostalgia for our lost honour...This nostalgia for an Australia of mateship and communal spirit is the film's main surprise. This is a broad comedy with a televisual style – including some dreadful mugging to camera – so who expected social critique as well? The movie is about Jack getting knocked off the donkey, like St Paul. Jack grows to manhood through bowls. This field of green becomes his Gallipoli, in a way, as a bunch of senior citizens teach him about honour, fidelity, and teamwork.'

Megan Spencer, reviewing the film for Triple J, gave the film a positive review. 'Yes, Crackerjack is a familiar journeyman story, but it is one that rings true with some generously observed comedy and pathos, a film that unlike its Aussie cousins The Dish, Welcome To Woop Woop, The Castle, Siam Sunset etc. etc.... it doesn't patronise its characters, nor over-exploit the 'middle Australia' culture in which it is set.'

David Stratton, writing in Variety, was less enthusatic, referring to Crackerjack as 'a middling comedy which fails to live up to its explosive title....A pleasant enough screen personality, Molloy is, however, barely able to carry such a modest project... Stronger support comes from a fine ensemble of vets, especially saucy octogenarian Esme Melville; and John Flaus as the club's most enigmatic member.'

When Crackerjack was first screened on free-to-air television, Network Ten ran station promotions over the film's end credits, obscuring most of the postscript narration by the character Jack. Mick Molloy was interviewed by ABC TV's Media Watch where he voiced his annoyance.

Filming
The main location for bowls scenes, including the greens, carpark, and interior rooms, were filmed at the Melbourne Bowling Club in Windsor, Victoria. Location shots of other bowls clubs included filming at the Carrum Bowling Club in the Melbourne suburb of Carrum. The Corowa Bowls Club in the NSW town of Corowa was also used for scenes featured in the finale.

Box office
Crackerjack grossed $8,618,107 at the box office in Australia.

Crackerjack was the highest-grossing Australian film of the year and received two AFI Award nominations, for direction (Paul Moloney) and the screenplay (by Mick and brother Richard Molloy). Crackerjack won a GOLD Award for Cinematography at the 2002 Victorian & Tasmanian awards for Director of Photography Brent Crockett ACS

title: Crackerjack (2002 film)


text: Category:Islands of Estonia

title: Category:Islands of Estonia


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Grove, Virginia

Grove is an unincorporated community in the southeastern portion of James City County in the Virginia Peninsula subregion of Virginia in the United States. It is located in the center of the Historic Triangle of Colonial Virginia, communities linked by the Colonial Parkway. This area is one of the busiest tourist destinations in the world.

Grove is located about 7 mi east of Williamsburg along U.S. Route 60. Grove is bordered by the James River and separated from the Newport News city limits near Lee Hall by Skiffe's Creek.

Historic places in Grove related to Virginia colonial past include the archaeological site of Wolstenholme Towne, the administrative center of Martin's Hundred. It was rediscovered in 1976 on the grounds of Carter's Grove Plantation, built in 1755. The plantation was occupied by private owners through the 1960s. It was owned and operated by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation and open to the public from the 1970s until 2003. In 2007 the property was sold back into private ownership.

Grove's contemporary development began with African-American settlement by freedmen from Carter's Grove and other plantations following the American Civil War. Its population was fewer than 100 people until after the turn of the twentieth century. During the two World Wars, Grove increased markedly in population. In part this was due to attracting hundreds of displaced people, mostly African American, who were uprooted by federal land acquisition for major waterfront military installations in nearby James City and York counties. Navy bases established were the Naval Weapons Station Yorktown, the Cheatham Annex supply complex, and Camp Peary.

As of early 2008, many new homes were under construction in Grove. Along the southeastern edge, available sites and frontage on the James River and Skiffe's Creek are zoned for industrial purposes. These have been attractive to developers of new and expanded businesses.

Geography
Grove occupies part of the narrowest portion of James City County, bordering the James River to the south and York County to the north. With the exception of lowlands near the river, most of Grove was originally heavily wooded. Much of it still is.

Grove Creek and Skiffe's Creek, each tributaries of the James River, provide local drainage. The latter also constitutes the eastern border of Grove (and the county), which adjoins the Lee Hall area of the independent city of Newport News.

The former Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) runs along the northern edge of Grove. It is now part of the Peninsula Subdivision of CSX Transportation.

Native Americans
For thousands of years, various cultures of indigenous peoples occupied areas along the waterways. Prior to the arrival of Spanish and English settlers in the 16th and 17th centuries, they were semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers, although more complex civilizations arose among the Mississippian culture. Scholars believe a major historic American Indian village is located somewhere nearby, although the site has not been identified. The site of the historic Kiskiack Indian village, Chiskiack, was a few miles to the north. The Kiskiack were one of a number of Algonquian-speaking historic tribes at the time of encounter with the English.

When the English settlers established Jamestown in 1607, the Powhatan Paramount Chiefdom included most Native tribes in the area. There were a few that were unaffiliated. The paramount chief, known as the Powhatan, had created his powerful empire in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. He conquered or affiliated by agreement with approximately 30 tribes whose territory covered much of southeastern Virginia. This was called Tenakomakah. A capital of this confederacy, Werowocomoco, was located near the north bank of the York River in present-day Gloucester County, about 15 mi as the crow flies from Grove.

By the mid-17th century, the English had forced Native Americans remaining in the area on to reservations north of the York River. By working and living together, some had assimilated into the general population of European colonists and freed slaves of African heritage. Over the decades, white indentured servant women, African men, and few Indians married and created free mixed-race populations before the American Revolution.

Martin's Hundred, Wolstenholme Towne
Initially, the English of the Virginia Company of London chose Jamestown for their first settlement of the Virginia Colony. They arrived in 1607 in a fleet of three ships commanded by Christopher Newport. (See main article Jamestown, Virginia) After five difficult years, the new colony gradually began expanding. Settlers established plantations along the James River, largely to grow non-native strains of tobacco. This was introduced and successfully exported in 1612 by colonist John Rolfe, who later married Pocahontas, daughter of the Powhatan.

About 7 mi downstream from Jamestown on the north bank of the river, just east of Grove Creek, the Grove area was originally settled by English colonists in 1618 as part of Martin's Hundred. The proprietary plantation of over 20,000 acres (80 km$2$) was an enterprise of the Martin's Hundred Society, a London-based investment group operating under the auspices of the Virginia Company of London. Not far from the riverfront, the new Wolstenholme Towne, the Martin's Hundred administrative center, was established.

Most of the population of Wolstenholme Towne was killed in the Indian Massacre of 1622, one of the largest incidents of loss of life by Virginia settlers during the colonial years. Colonists rebuilt the settlement a few years later, and protected it by a cross-peninsula palisade to the west completed in 1634. They abandoned Wolstenholme Towne around 1643 after Williamsburg was made the capital. The structures fell into ruin and the site became taken over by vegetation; it was lost until 1976 (see below).

Martin's Hundred Parish Church was established by the Church of England, and served the area including Wolstenholme Towne. It was later combined with Yorkhampton Parish in adjacent York County.

Royal colony, creation of shires (counties)
When the privately owned Virginia Company lost its charter in 1624, Virginia became a royal colony. In 1634, the English Crown created eight shires (i.e., counties) in the colony of Virginia, which then had a total population of approximately 5,000 inhabitants. James City Shire, as well as the James River and Jamestown, took its name from King James I, the father of the then-king, Charles I. About 1642–43, the name of the James City Shire was changed to James City County.

Slavery, freedom
James City County received the first slaves whom the English imported to Virginia. Beginning in 1619, the English brought Africans to the colony as indentured servants. Increasingly toward the end of the 17th century, they hardened the labor system to create a racial caste of slavery for African workers and their families. Dutch and British ships transported large numbers of slaves from Africa to the Virginia Colony. On the labor-intensives tobacco plantations, planters replaced indentured laborers with slaves, who also served as household and skilled workers. In the later 17th and 18th centuries, economic conditions improved in England, so the supply of indentured laborers decreased.

Early Africans became free after serving their period of indenture. Some individual slaves were freed as early as the mid-17th century by manumission. Some earned their freedom by separate labor, and others escaped. By far the greatest number of free African-American families in Virginia during colonial times were formed by marriage and unions between white working-class women and African men, whether indentured servant, slave or free. The children and their descendants were free because they had the status of the white mother, under the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia had adopted into law in 1662.

Known as free Negroes or free people of color, some of the people stayed in the area. Others migrated to urban or frontier areas away from the plantation areas where racial strictures were more severe. Richmond, which was an economic center, and Petersburg, which had industrial jobs, became early centers of free blacks in Virginia.

There was mass emancipation of slaves during the years of the American Civil War (1861–1865). Despite Virginia's secession from the Union in 1861, the US Army retained control of Fort Monroe at the eastern end of the Virginia Peninsula. It became a destination for slaves seeking freedom behind Union lines. By 1863, many heard President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation read under the Emancipation Oak. This tree is now within the grounds of Hampton University, a historically black college established soon after the war.

After the War, many freedmen settled in inland areas of the Peninsula, either as landowners, tenant farmers, or renters who worked as watermen. While the southern side of the peninsula along the James River had long been occupied by large plantations, the northern side along the York River, west of Yorktown, had not been as heavily developed. Many freedmen moved into this area, establishing close-knit communities in mixed towns, as well as majority-black towns such as Lackey and Magruder.

Carter's Grove

More than 100 years after Wolstenholme Towne was abandoned, Carter's Grove Plantation was built on part of the Martin's Hundred land for Carter Burwell. He was the son of Elizabeth Carter Burwell and her husband Nathaniel Burwell. Carter Burwell was the grandson of the wealthy planter Robert "King" Carter (of Lancaster County). He bequeathed the land before his death, requiring that it be called Carter's Grove.

The new plantation house was completed in 1755. In its long occupancy since then, the Carter's Grove mansion was renovated by a series of owners, the last major changes being of the late 1920s era. The last private owner died around 1964. The plantation moved into philanthropic ownership.

The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (CW) owned the plantation from 1969 until 2007. It furnished the mansion in many period pieces, primarily of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Some of these were antiques acquired in the 1920s from an auction at Westover Plantation, long the home of descendants of William Byrd III. A landmark in the Grove Community, Carter's Grove Plantation was opened to the public by the CW Foundation for tours and interpretation of the mansion and reconstructed slave quarters. Public access was ended in 2003.

In 1976 the Foundation conducted an archeological survey of the grounds. Near the river, the survey team rediscovered the long-lost site of Wolstenholme Towne. Noted archaeologist Ivor Noel Hume documented the archaeological dig that explored the site. The Foundation reconstructed part of Wolstenholme Towne and added it to the public tours and interpretation of the large plantation.

In 2003, CW Foundation decided to concentrate on attractions closer to its Historic Area near downtown Williamsburg. It closed public access to Carter's Grove Plantation, which reduced tourist interest and revenue for the Grove community. Closer to the Historic Area, the CW Foundation developed another interpretive site for the African-American colonial experience in Virginia.

CW sold Carter's Grove to private owners in 2007, with certain protective covenants to help preserve the nature of the site. Carter's Grove Country Road formerly offered a one-way, narrow, paved link to the Historic Area of Colonial Williamsburg. After it was damaged during Hurricane Isabel in late 2003, it was closed permanently to traffic. The primary access to the plantation on U.S. Route 60 was reopened shortly after the storm. The property has been closed to the public since 2003.

Location, early nature of Grove community
The Grove Community is located about a mile inland and parallel to the riverfront adjacent to the large Carter's Grove plantation. It was formed by freedmen after the Civil War and named after nearby Grove Creek, which drains into the James River about 6 mi east (downstream) of Jamestown. Grove Wharf at the confluence of Grove Creek and the river is shown on some early maps of Virginia. Many freedman likely continued at the plantation as tenant farmers and workers after the war. Until 1918, the Grove Community was lightly populated. Its residents worked mostly as farmers and fishermen. According to a state atlas in 1895, Grove had a population of 37 persons and its own post office. Today it reaches approximately 4 mi along U.S. Route 60, known locally as the Pocahontas Trail.

Grove Station on the new C&O Railroad
Nearby Grove Station was established by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) under the leadership of Collis P. Huntington. In 1881 the C&O's Peninsula Extension was built through the area from its previous eastern terminus in Richmond to reach the coal piers and the new city of Newport News at the southeastern tip of Warwick County. Although a number of local railroad stations were established along the route, the primary purpose of the railroad was to transport through-coal traffic. This traffic pattern has continued into the 21st century under C&O successor CSX Transportation.

Local stations were established in James City County along the new railroad at Diascund, Toano, Vaiden's Siding (Norge), Kelton (Lightfoot) Ewell, Williamsburg, and Grove. While by 2009, Grove Station was long gone, other former C&O railroad stations to the east at Lee Hall and to the west at Williamsburg were extant. The latter serves intercity passenger rail service of Amtrak. The former C&O station from Ewell also survives in an adaptive reuse. Further west, a historic C&O station built in 1908 for Norge has been preserved. It was relocated in 2006 to the site of the Croaker Branch of the Williamsburg Regional Library. Following historical research, the Norge Station was repainted in its original livery, featuring a bright orange as the primary color.

20th century to present
In the first half of the 20th century, Grove had two rapid periods of growth associated with military expansion during the World Wars. It received African-American residents displaced by government land acquisition for two large military reservations established by the U.S. Navy in adjacent York County. With their compensation, the new residents built new homes in the community, with contemporary amenities including electricity, running water and sidewalks.

Grove includes residential areas, churches, neighborhood retail businesses, a nursing home, day care facilities, a modern community center and a magnet school of the Williamsburg-James City County Public Schools (WJC).

Relocations from "the Reservation"/Lackey
Prior to World War I, many African Americans lived just west of the current unincorporated town of Lackey in York County, where they (and their ancestors) had purchased land as freedmen or rented under sharecropping arrangements and established homesteads, particularly after the American Civil War. This close-knit community, along the old Yorktown-Williamsburg Road, was sometimes informally called "the Reservation," was called Lackey. It had been rapidly settled by freedmen after the Civil War, as they wanted to establish homes and institutions free of white supervision.

As the United States became involved in World War I in 1917, the U.S. Navy determined to establish a supply and munitions base near Yorktown adjacent to the York River. Under Executive Order of President Woodrow Wilson, the US Navy took a sizable piece of land to create the needed military base, initially known as a mine depot. Many homes were taken, and three churches were displaced. Some 600 residents, mostly African Americans who worked as farmers and fishermen, were displace and moved to other portions of York County and nearby Williamsburg. A few crossed the York River and settled in Gloucester County. The largest portion chose nearby James City County, where a substantial number relocated to Grove, which was south of the Navy land.

Notable among the area's black population was John Tack Roberts. Born into slavery in approximately 1860, he was a farmer and self-taught man. He "read the law" with an established firm (a common practice for whites as well in that era) and became a magistrate. He was often called "Judge Roberts". Historians credit him with being instrumental in the growth of the Grove Community. He helped some of the families displaced from "the Reservation" to obtain financial compensation from the federal government. The Grove area is now part of what is called the Roberts Magisterial District of James City County, perhaps in honor of Judge Roberts or other members of his family.

Camp Wallace
As the United States became a participant in World War I, Camp Abraham Eustis was established in 1918 in neighboring Warwick County. It encompassed Mulberry Island and some adjacent mainland. A few miles upstream, also along the James River, a satellite facility, Camp Wallace, was established in 1918 as the Upper Firing Range for artillery training. Camp Wallace was the first site of the Army's aerial tramway. In 1923 the Camp became Fort Eustis. During World War II, when Virginia still had racial segregation laws, many black and other minority U.S. Army personnel stationed at Fort Eustis were restricted to living in separate housing in the Grove Community.

In 1971, the U.S. Army agreed to a land swap with Anheuser-Busch in return for a larger parcel located directly across Skiffe's Creek from Fort Eustis (adjacent to the southeastern edge of the Greenmount Industrial Park). Along with land sold by Colonial Williamsburg, the former Camp Wallace land became part of a massive private development. Nearby, the Busch Gardens Williamsburg theme park opened in 1975, as well as a large brewery, and the Kingsmill Resort.

Highways
With the coming of the automobile as a common form of travel in the early 20th century, state and national attention was directed to improving roads. Because Grove was unincorporated and had a relatively small minority population at a time when blacks had been disenfranchised by the turn of the century Virginia constitution and discriminatory practices in voter registration, they had no say over routing of new highways. In the 1920s the new U.S. Route 60 was routed through the community from Williamsburg, displacing some homeowners and businesses. The construction was part of the Good Roads Movement. It bridged Skiffe's Creek into Warwick County to Lee Hall. The state chose this routing rather than a competing route via Halstead's Point in York County (now within the US Naval Weapons Station Yorktown).

Earlier, the east-west road which became U.S. 60 was State Route 9. SR 9 was renumbered as State Route 39 in 1923. It became U.S. 60 in the mid-1920s when the highway was routed through Grove. Warwick County treasurer and civic leader Simon Curtis held a ceremony at the Lee Hall Depot in 1924 to celebrate the completion of first hard-surfaced roadway (concrete) between Newport News and Williamsburg.

Two-lane U.S. 60 continues to form the main thoroughfare through the largely residential and neighborhood business section of Grove. It parallels the four-lane State Route 143 and Interstate 64.

Relocations from Magruder
During World War II, the US Navy acquired the property of another small town Magruder, located about 3 mi north of Williamsburg in York County, and hundreds of acres of surrounding land to establish a U.S. Navy base for Seabee training. The base was initially called Camp Allen, and was later named Camp Peary. Like Grove, Lackey, and other small post-Civil War communities in northern York County, Magruder's residents were mostly African American. There were a mix of landowners and tenants. The property acquisition meant that the government also purchased land from businesses and a church.

Residents migrated from Magruder mostly to Grove. One congregation relocated Mt. Gilead Baptist Church from Magruder to Grove, where they built a new structure along U.S. 60 in 1943. The church maintains cemeteries at its new and former locations. Although access to the base at Camp Peary is highly restricted, families and others from the church may gain permission to enter to visit and tend to the old cemetery.

Magruder Avenue in Grove was likely named after the many new residents from the former town of Magruder during World War II.

A small but historic section of the northwestern edge of Grove is physically located in York County. It is listed on that county's Historical Resources Survey (as are the former sites of the "lost towns" of Lackey and Magruder).

Modern times
The Grove community consists of about 1,100 families, who support a scattering of schools, churches, and retail businesses. It is located on a rural postal delivery route and carries the mailing address of Williamsburg, Virginia 23185. That historic city is located about 5 mi to the west.

Between Williamsburg and Grove are Anheuser-Busch industries and developments, including the company's Williamsburg brewery, Busch Gardens Williamsburg theme park, an office park, and the Kingsmill resort and planned community. Grove has attracted industrial development related to regional businesses.

Residential
Grove is largely a bedroom community. Housing in Grove is generally considered more affordable than in many other areas of the fast-growing James City County. Many families have lived there for generations. Housing consists of older detached single-family homes situated on lots, with many dating to the two world war periods of rapid growth, and a number of newer houses. The latter are both interspersed in older neighborhoods and concentrated in newer subdivisions. Several large condominium projects and mobile home parks provide other choices. Two larger mobile home developments feature modern amenities, such as underground wiring, curbs and gutters, paved driveways, street lighting, and community playgrounds.

As of 2007, residential development continued with a new townhouse project, and many new detached single family homes. While the mobile home parks are not expanding, in some instances owners are replacing units with new or much newer mobile homes on the existing lots. Throughout Grove, there are few vacant lots for additional mobile homes.

Community facilities
James River Elementary School and Abram Frink Community Center are co-located in a modern complex. The school is a magnet school of the Williamsburg-James City County Public Schools (WJC) which offers the International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme, one of only five such schools in Virginia.

There are five churches, two nursing homes, two day-care centers, and a fire station. The Grove Christian Outreach Center (GCOC) was founded by Grove Community Church in 2004, and is now an independent 501c3 organization. Staffed by volunteers, GCOC assists with family needs and coordination of community resources, such as the local food bank.

Industrial
Near Grove's eastern edge, on the south side of U.S. Route 60, the county's James River Enterprise Zone, an Urban Enterprise Zone is located. The 5.6 square mile (15 km$2$) area contains 2,400 acres (9.7 km$2$) planned and zoned for industrial uses. James City County is seeking additional industrial business in this prime area of the county. The sites within a designated "enterprise zone" offer state and local incentives to businesses that locate in those zones, invest and create jobs.

Since the James River Enterprise Zone's inception in 1996, James River Commerce Center and Greenmount industrial parks have added tenants such as a Ball Manufacturing plant, an aluminum can plant which supplies Anheuser-Busch's Williamsburg brewery. A distribution center for Wal-Mart and a Haynes furniture warehouse are also located there. Recently, a masonry supply firm and a Volvo equipment rental facility have each announced plans to establish facilities. Carter Machinery Company, a Caterpillar dealership with 17 locations in Virginia and West Virginia, announced in May 2007 that it is building a new sales and service center on a 23 acre site. Additional sites are available for development.

U.S. Route 60 relocation project
For several years in the early 21st century, James City County has worked to improve US Route 60 between Grove and Newport News. Officials wanted to provide better access to Interstate 64 from the industrial sites in Grove, which generate a considerable volume of truck traffic, and reduce the same on the existing roadway.

Access for the industrial traffic to I-64 requires a drive of about 4 mi in either direction on two-lane sections of U.S. 60 at non-highway speeds through residential areas. They must share the road with local traffic and school buses serving either the James River Elementary School's county-wide magnet program or alternatively, the large elementary school in the Lee Hall community in neighboring Newport News.

In June 2007, Virginia's Commonwealth Transportation Board approved a major portion of the funding needed for the U.S. Route 60 relocation project. The relocated divided highway will begin on its western end near the current intersection of Blow Flats Road. The new alignment will take it through the Greenmount Industrial Park to reach the Newport News city limits. There, a new crossing of Skiffe's Creek will be built. The remainder of the roadway will continue on a new alignment and effectively bypass the two-lane portion of U.S. Route 60 through the historic Lee Hall community. It will rejoin the current highway near the cloverleaf intersection of Fort Eustis Boulevard, where there is four-lane access close by to exit 250 of Interstate 64, as well as an extant four-lane section of U.S. Route 60. In separate projects, portions of Warwick Boulevard east of Fort Eustis in Newport News are being widened to six lanes. Fort Eustis Boulevard has also been widened to four lanes between Jefferson Avenue and U.S. Route 17 in Newport News and York County.

A similar roads issue was earlier visited in the 1930s, when the current parallel State Route 143 (Merrimack Trail) was built as part of a four-laned through-route alternative to U.S. 60 for increasing volumes of east-west through traffic in the area. Once again, plans have been made to preserve the two-lane, bucolic nature of Route 60 through the Grove and Lee Hall communities, and to avoid the major impact which would have resulted by widening the road through these historic communities.

Public transportation
There is little retail or tourist employment in Grove, especially since Carter's Grove Plantation closed in 2003. Many residents use the Williamsburg Area Transit Authority (WATA) public bus system or its complementary paratransit service to reach employment, shopping, and other business at adjacent Busch Gardens Williamsburg, in downtown Williamsburg, and at businesses along the way, or to transfer to other routes in the WATA network through the system's hub at the Williamsburg Transportation Center. Amtrak, Greyhound Lines, and Trailways services, as well as taxicabs and rental cars, are also located in Williamsburg.

The WATA bus route serving Grove leaves the Williamsburg Transportation Center on the hour (and half hour during peak weekday hours) and runs along U.S. Route 60 through the entire length of Grove. It continues east to serve the Wal-Mart distribution center, a Haynes furniture warehouse in the growing Green Mount industrial park, and provides an hourly connection seven days a week to the massive Hampton Roads Transit (HRT) system at the western edge of Newport News at Lee Hall. The WATA bus stops on a side street adjacent to an industrial park, returning to Williamsburg via Grove with departures on the half-hour (and hour during peak weekday hours).

The HRT system covers most of the other cities of Hampton Roads, with extensive networks in highly urbanized areas of Newport News, Hampton, and Norfolk. Some heavily patronized HRT routes trace their heritage to street railway lines started in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Notable residents and sites

 * Dr. J. Blaine "Jim" Blayton (1905–2002) was a prominent African American physician who practiced in the Williamsburg area.
 * Ron Springs, ex-Dallas Cowboys player.
 * In the mid-1970s, the Busch Gardens Williamsburg theme park, a large brewery, and the Kingsmill planned community and resort were developed by Anheuser-Busch Corporation.

Publications

 * McCartney, Martha W. (1977) James City County: Keystone of the Commonwealth; James City County, Virginia; Donning and Company; ISBN 0-89865-999-X

title: Grove, Virginia


text: Category:Hotels in Connecticut

title: Category:Hotels in Connecticut


text:
Dreamland Beach

Dreamland Beach, now officially known as New Kuta Beach, is a beach located in Pecatu on the Bukit Peninsula on the island of Bali, Indonesia. A popular surfing beach, it was formerly secluded and had casual refreshment stands and inns. It has since become the beach of an extensive tourist development.

The beach, called Cimongka by the Balinese, was named Dreamland Beach by Australians. It was popular with surfers and also with nudists, and became the most popular beach in Pecatu. Starting in the 1980s, warungs (refreshment shacks) and cheap inns were built at the beach.

PT Bali Pecatu Graha, a company owned by Tommy Suharto, the youngest son of former Indonesian president Suharto, bought land including the beach in 1995 and the following year began development of the 400-hectare Pecatu Indah Resort; the beach was renamed New Kuta Beach and the resort eventually also became New Kuta Beach. Development was paused from 1998 to 2004 because of the Asian financial crisis and the 2002 Bali bombings; in the late 2000s, at least 38 businesses were relocated from the beach to purpose-built shops.

The beach remains open to the public.

Uluwatu Temple
Uluwatu Temple is about 12 km from the Dreamland Beach.

title: Dreamland Beach


text: Category:Hotels in New Jersey

title: Category:Hotels in New Jersey


text:
User talk:Michaelkrewson

Hi, and welcome to Wikipedia.

Please familiarize yourself with Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy. Inserting Jehovah's Witness texts into Jehovah is introducing the JW point of view into the article. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 04:38, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi. I'm not sure why, in your email to me, you refer to my "reversion powers"; I'm not using any special powers. Any editor can do exactly what I did -- including you. And just because something is a fact does not mean it's not POV. (Regarding the 7000 instances in the Old Testament, that sentence just needs shortening; it's cut and pasted from an essay, and this is an encyclopedia. What's the exact number, by the way?) --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 05:53, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:Concordat1.jpg
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Speedy deletion nomination of Bella Vista Fire Department

A tag has been placed on Bella Vista Fire Department requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about an organization or company, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the deleting administrator. Zackmann08 (talk) 04:58, 19 May 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Michaelkrewson


text:
Hayato Sakurai

Hayato Sakurai (桜井 速人) (born August 24, 1975) also known as Mach (マッハ), is a Japanese mixed martial artist. A professional competitor since 1996, he has formerly competed for the UFC, PRIDE, DREAM, Shooto, Vale Tudo Japan, DEEP, and participated in the Yarennoka!, Dynamite!! 2008, Dynamite!! 2009, Dynamite!! 2010, and Fight For Japan: Genki Desu Ka Omisoka 2011 events. Sakurai finished second (Silver) in the Absolute Class (no weight limit) ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship in 1999 at just under 77 kg. During the height of his career in 2000 and 2001 he was considered to be one of the top pound for pound fighters in MMA. He is the former Shooto Middleweight Champion.

His nickname, "Mach", pronounced ma-ha in Japanese was taken as a tribute to his childhood professional wrestling hero, Higo Shigehisashi better known as Mach Hayato, the first Japanese professional wrestler to completely embrace the Mexican style of lucha libre and was also among the group of professional wrestlers who made the transition to shoot wrestling as part of the original UWF movement.

Background
Sakurai began training in judo during middle school, gaining several championships and then also began training in karate. During high school, he became friends with fellow combat sportsmen Michihiro Omigawa and Kazuyuki Miyata. He later became interested in shootboxing and joined Caesar Takeshi's dojo, competing for his promotion during years. In 1996, he wandered in mixed martial arts and entered Kiguchi Dojo, where he trained with Noriaki Kiguchi and Satoru Sayama's apprentice Noboru Asahi. At the end, he ended joining the Shooto organization along with a young Takanori Gomi.

Shooto
Joining Naoki Sakurada's Gutsman team, Sakurai made his professional debut in Shooto on October 4, 1996 by submitting Caol Uno. Over the next five years he would go undefeated in eighteen bouts, representing the promotion in three consecutive victories at the renowned Vale Tudo Japan event, as well as French MMA promotion Golden Trophy 1999. Hayato would also win that organization's Shooto Middleweight Champion from Jutaro Nakao, which he defended before Tetsuji Kato.

In a less official light, he contended with Rumina Sato for the fastest victory at the time, knocking out Ademir Oliveira with a spectacular flying knee in 0:34 seconds moments before Sato beat him with a flying armbar in 0:08 against Charles Diaz.

During his final times on the company, Sakurai also faced future UFC challenger Frank Trigg in an exciting battle. The two brawled in the clinch, with Trigg landing knees while Hayato threw punches and kicks to the body and leg; at one instance, Trigg almost knocked out Sakurai, stunning him and landing multiple undefended punches both standing and on the ground which drew blood. Trigg continued dominating through the second round, until Sakurai finally came back knocking him down with a left hook, and he managed to finish the fight with multiple knee strikes to the face, winning by KO.

In August 2001, Sakurai was finally defeated by future longtime UFC Middleweight Champion Anderson Silva, losing his championship title. After the loss, and subsequent to a severe car accident, Sakurai stopped fighting for Shooto full-time.

Ultimate Fighting Championship
On March 22, 2002, Sakurai stepped into Ultimate Fighting Championship to fight the UFC Welterweight Champion Matt Hughes at UFC 36. Hughes started the match taking down Sakurai repeatedly, but Sakurai worked submission attempts from the bottom and managed to capture Hughes's back. The second round saw Hayato landing a solid left hand and a knee to the head, which Hughes got back on the third by slamming Sakurai hard on the mat with a takedown and landing several strikes on the ground. The fourth would see the final action, with Hughes managing to knock down Sakurai and perform ground and pound until the referee stopped the fight as a TKO in favor of Hughes.

PRIDE
After losing to Hughes, Sakurai fought periodically in Shooto and DEEP before joining PRIDE Fighting Championships, Japan's largest MMA organization. During this time he was inconsistent in his performances, often losing to much lower-ranked opponents. He also attempted to fight at 183 lb., but it was clear that his frame was far too small for that weight, and his performances suffered. Some speculated Sakurai's seeming loss of spirit and mental focus came from his infamous car accident he suffered after fighting Silva.

Sakurai made an underwhelming debut before Daiju Takase in PRIDE Shockwave 2003. Takase controlled a part of the first round, taking down Sakurai and bloodying his nose with punches. At this point, however, Mach started coming back, hijacking the standing segments with superior striking and negating Takase's submission attempts in order to do damage through his guard. The Shooto fighter ended the fight taking down Takase several times and controlling the action, which gained him a unanimous decision.

In his next apparitions for PRIDE Bushido, Sakurai would face two members of the Gracie family, Rodrigo and Crosley, but he was unsuccessful in both ventures. He fought an uneventful match against the former, stopping him from passing guard for the first round and being stopped himself from passing guard in the second, before receiving some knees to the head which gained Gracie the decision; and he then lost by submission to the latter, despite him showing a better performance until the last minutes.

In 2005 Sakurai regained focus and went to the US to train with legendary Pancrase coach Matt Hume. It was announced that he would drop down to 160 lb. in order to participate in the PRIDE Lightweight Grand Prix. Despite his revered and legendary early career some questioned if Sakurai could make an impact in the division. Sakurai silenced his critics when he defeated former UFC Lightweight Champion Jens Pulver and former Shooto Lightweight Champion Joachim Hansen on the same night to advance to the tournament finals.

The match with Pulver was specially acclaimed, as it featured high speed and an exciting give and take. Sakurai peppered his opponent with strikes and kicks before receiving a left hand which seemed to put him down. He recovered and injured Pulver's eye with a combo, only to immediately land a front kick directly to the same eye, but then Hayato received another sudden left hook, which anticipated a possible finish. However, for a second time, Sakurai came back and pressed action, finally bringing him down with a body shot and a knee strike for the TKO. The bout was called "awesome" and "Fight of the Year Contender-level" by analyst Scott Newman. Similarly back and forth would be the fight against Hansen: the two fighters exchanged strikes, hip throws and leglocks through the entire bout, while Sakurai landed spinning back kicks and a close armbar attempt. Sakurai got the decision win, and it set off a match in the finals against Takanori Gomi, Sakurai's former colleague and training partner.

On December 31, 2005 Sakurai fought Gomi for the first ever PRIDE Fighting Championships 160 lb championship of the world. Although fighting with a torn ACL he suffered in training just three weeks prior to the fight, though this was not known outside of his coaching circle at the time, Sakurai initially had the upper-hand, pounding Gomi with brutal inside-leg kicks. A few minutes into the round Sakurai attempted a judo throw, but the ring ropes got in the way and caused him to crash head first on the mat with Gomi taking his back. Takanori capitalized and rained down punches on him, and although Sakurai was able to return to his feet, he was overwhelmed and knocked out with a punching combo.

Despite the loss to Gomi, Sakurai would continue to impress with his performances. At Bushido 11 he scored a brutal knockout over WEC veteran Olaf Alfonso. On August 26, 2006, Mach fought Brazilian Luciano Azevedo at Bushido 12. After several minutes of attempted ground and pound by Azevedo, the fighters were stood back up. Mach then consistently stuffed Azevedo's takedowns, and landed a fight-ending knee on Azevedo over his left eye. The fight was stopped, TKO by cut.

Sakurai fought against former King of the Cage Lightweight Champion and future The Ultimate Fighter 6 Winner Mac Danzig at PRIDE 33. Sakurai won the fight via knockout in the second round. Sakurai was then defeated by David Baron by submission in the first round. Sakurai then defeated Kuniyoshi Hironaka via unanimous decision. Sakurai then went on to defeat professional wrestler Katsuyori Shibata by TKO at Dynamite!! 2008. In a shocking start, Shibata charged across the ring and almost fell through the ropes when Sakurai dodged him, and then unloaded all his offensive with the intention to end the fight early, but Hayato took him down and punished him methodically until the stoppage.

DREAM
After PRIDE's folding, Sakurai joined its offshoot promotion DREAM, in whose Welterweight Grand Prix he took part. He faced top-ranked lightweight Shinya Aoki at DREAM 8 in a match with revenge overtones, as Sakurai had defeated Aoki back in Shooto in what was called a controversial decision. This time, Sakurai won in impressive fashion, sweeping over a charging Aoki and delivering knees to the head and punches for a KO at 0:27. He then lost at DREAM 10 in the semi-final of the tournament to eventual winner Marius Zaromskis in a huge upset, conceding the loss via knockout from a head kick and punches.

At Dynamite!! 2009 New Year's Eve show in Saitama, Sakurai fought against another Shooto legend, Akihiro Gono. Sakurai controlled the fight early on, outstriking Gono both standing and from the half guard, but eventually lost via armbar submission in the second round. He fought Nick Diaz at DREAM 14 and was caught in an armbar submission again. After this fight he has speculated on retiring saying that he was good physically, but not mentally.

Sakurai was to have a rematch against Marius Žaromskis in DREAM 17 a non-title fight. However, he injured his leg which has forced off of the DREAM 17 card and was replaced by Eiji Ishikawa.

Sakurai returned at Fight For Japan: Genki Desu Ka Omisoka 2011 where he faced Ryo Chonan. He won the fight via unanimous decision.

He then faced Phil Baroni at the subsequent New Year's card by Dream, DREAM 18, defeating him via unanimous decision.

Post-DREAM
Almost a year later, Sakurai returned to face Jae Suk Lim at Mach Dojo / Gladiator: Mach Festival. Sakurai lost by TKO in the first round.

He competed in the Tokyo International Jiu-Jitsu Open Championship 2009, ranking himself as a Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt for his grappling expertise. He opened the first round against Akira Uemura, but was eliminated.

Rizin FF
After not competing in over three years, Sakurai made his MMA return for Rizin Fighting Federation. He faced Wataru Sakata at Rizin World Grand-Prix 2016: Final Round on December 31, 2016 and won the fight via TKO in the second round.

Fighting style
Sakurai was renowned for his well rounded set of skills, excelling on every field of the MMA game. On the stand-up, he favored grinding low kicks and technical boxing along with a wide usage of knee strikes, including flying knees. A prolific clinch user, although he is not a high level judoka, Sakurai excelled in performing hip throws during his matches, favouring o goshi, uki goshi and ippon seoi nage. Finally, his grappling technique was one of his biggest strengths, using his shoot wrestling expertise to great effect. He was the only user of this discipline in reaching the ADCC finals both in his weight and absolute division, defeating heavier and more decorated grapplers like Ricco Rodriguez and Vinny Magalhães.

Championships and accomplishments

 * DREAM
 * 2009 DREAM Welterweight Grand Prix Semifinalist
 * PRIDE Fighting Championships
 * 2005 PRIDE Lightweight Grand Prix Runner-Up
 * Shooto
 * Shooto Welterweight Championship (One Time)
 * One successful title defense

Mixed martial arts record
Legend:

Kickboxing record

 * October 28 2007
 * Win
 * align=left|🇸🇪 Jani Lax
 * Shootboxing Battle Summit Ground Zero Tokyo 2007
 * Tokyo, Japan
 * Decision (unanimous)
 * 3
 * 3:00
 * 1-0
 * colspan=9 | Legend:
 * }
 * colspan=9 | Legend:
 * }

Submission grappling record
KO PUNCHES
 * - style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Result
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Opponent
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Method
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Event
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Date
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Round
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Time
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Notes
 * Loss||🇧🇷 Israel Alburquerque || Points || ADCC 2000 –77 kg|| 2000|| 1|| ||
 * Loss||🇧🇷 Roberto Traven || Points || ADCC 1999 Absolute|| 1999|| || 20:00||
 * Win||🇺🇸 Ricco Rodriguez || Points || ADCC 1999 Absolute|| 1999|| || 10:00||
 * Win||🇧🇷 Vinicius Magalhaes || Points || ADCC 1999 Absolute|| 1999|| || 15:00||
 * Win||🇧🇷 Eddie Ruiz || Submission || ADCC 1999 –77 kg|| 1999|| 1|| 00:17||
 * Loss||🇧🇷 Jean-Jacques Machado || Submission || ADCC 1999 –77 kg|| 1999|| 1|| 5:09||
 * Win||🇧🇷 Fabiano Iha || Points || ADCC 1999 –77 kg|| 1999|| || 10:00||
 * Win||🇧🇷 Andre Pederneiras || || ADCC 1999 –77 kg|| 1999|| || 15:00||
 * Win||🇧🇷 Eddie Ruiz || Submission || ADCC 1999 –77 kg|| 1999|| 1|| 00:17||
 * Loss||🇧🇷 Jean-Jacques Machado || Submission || ADCC 1999 –77 kg|| 1999|| 1|| 5:09||
 * Win||🇧🇷 Fabiano Iha || Points || ADCC 1999 –77 kg|| 1999|| || 10:00||
 * Win||🇧🇷 Andre Pederneiras || || ADCC 1999 –77 kg|| 1999|| || 15:00||
 * Win||🇧🇷 Fabiano Iha || Points || ADCC 1999 –77 kg|| 1999|| || 10:00||
 * Win||🇧🇷 Andre Pederneiras || || ADCC 1999 –77 kg|| 1999|| || 15:00||
 * Win||🇧🇷 Andre Pederneiras || || ADCC 1999 –77 kg|| 1999|| || 15:00||
 * Win||🇧🇷 Andre Pederneiras || || ADCC 1999 –77 kg|| 1999|| || 15:00||

title: Hayato Sakurai


text:
Adair County High School (Kentucky)

Adair County High School is a United States high school (grades 9 to 12) in the small town of Columbia, Adair County, Kentucky. It is the only high school of the county.

title: Adair County High School (Kentucky)


text:
Category:Hotels in West Virginia

Hotels in the U.S. state of West Virginia

title: Category:Hotels in West Virginia


text:
The Incredible and Sad Tale of Innocent Eréndira and Her Heartless Grandmother

The Incredible and Sad Tale of Innocent Eréndira and her Heartless Grandmother (La increíble y triste historia de la cándida Eréndira y de su abuela desalmada) is a 1972 short story by Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez.

Plot summary
This is the story of a twelve-year-old who accidentally sets fire to the house where she lives with her grandmother. The grandmother decides that Eréndira must pay her back for the loss, and sells her into prostitution in order to make money. The story takes on the characteristics of a bizarre fairy tale, with the evil grandmother forcing her Cinderella-like granddaughter to sell her body. They travel all over for several years, with men lining up for miles to enjoy her.

Meanwhile, Eréndira falls in love. Her lover tries to poison the grandmother with arsenic in a birthday cake and to blow her up with a homemade bomb, but she survives all this and continues to dominate, until Eréndira's lover finally stabs the grandmother to death. By the time he regains his composure, Eréndira has fled alone.

Adaptations
The short story was adapted to the 1983 art film Eréndira, directed by Ruy Guerra. Irene Papas acted as the Grandmother and Cláudia Ohana as Eréndira. Violeta Dinescu's opera Eréndira, to a German-language libretto, premiered in 1992 in Stuttgart.


text:
Pentagonal antiprism

In geometry, the pentagonal antiprism is the third in an infinite set of antiprisms formed by an even-numbered sequence of triangle sides closed by two polygon caps. It consists of two pentagons joined to each other by a ring of ten triangles for a total of twelve faces. Hence, it is a non-regular dodecahedron.

Geometry
If the faces of the pentagonal antiprism are all regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron. It can also be considered as a parabidiminished icosahedron, a shape formed by removing two pentagonal pyramids from a regular icosahedron leaving two nonadjacent pentagonal faces; a related shape, the metabidiminished icosahedron (one of the Johnson solids), is likewise form from the icosahedron by removing two pyramids, but its pentagonal faces are adjacent to each other. The two pentagonal faces of either shape can be augmented with pyramids to form the icosahedron.

Relation to polytopes
The pentagonal antiprism occurs as a constituent element in some higher-dimensional polytopes. Two rings of ten pentagonal antiprisms each bound the hypersurface of the four-dimensional grand antiprism. If these antiprisms are augmented with pentagonal prism pyramids and linked with rings of five tetrahedra each, the 600-cell is obtained.

Crossed antiprism
A crossed pentagonal antiprism is topologically identical to the pentagonal antiprism, although it can't be made uniform. The sides are isosceles triangles. It has d5d symmetry, order 10. Its vertex configuration is 3.3/2.3.5, with one triangle retrograde and its vertex arrangement is the same as a pentagonal prism.

 * Crossed pentagonal antiprism.png

title: Pentagonal antiprism


text: User talk:207.81.74.64

title: User talk:207.81.74.64


text:
Louis de Rochemont

Louis Clark de Rochemont (January 13, 1899 – December 23, 1978) was an American film maker known for creating, along with Roy E. Larsen, the monthly theatrically shown newsreels The March of Time. His brother, Richard, was also a producer and writer on The March of Time.

The de Rochemonts were descended from Huguenot ancestors who settled in New Hampshire early in the nineteenth century. Born in 1899, the son of a Boston attorney, he grew up in small-town Massachusetts. His film career began when, still a teenager, he filmed his New England neighbors and sold the footage to local theatres under the title See Yourself as Others See You.

The newsreels he created defined film news from 1935–51. The 20-minute films, which combined filmed news with interpretive interviews and dramatizations, appeared between featured films in theaters. When he moved from newsreels to feature films, de Rochemont chose to produce films based on real stories in actual locations, often with locals in the cast. After three spy films that helped define film noir, including The House on 92nd Street (1945), he produced a wide array of feature films such as the semi-documentary Boomerang (1947). De Rochemont produced Lost Boundaries (1948), a film based on a true story about a black doctor who set up a practice in a New England town while "passing" for white, which starred William Greaves who later became a documentary filmmaker.

He has been called the "father of the docu-drama." His early documentary productions won 2 Academy Awards. Windjammer (1958) was produced by de Rochemont and directed by his son, Louis de Rochemont III. The elder Rochemont also produced The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (1962).

In March 1951, de Rochemont's production company purchased the animated film rights to George Orwell's Animal Farm, and de Rochemont was heavily involved in the artistic direction of the animated film. De Rochemont's firm acted as a "front" for the Central Intelligence Agency, the actual funder/producer of this film.

title: Louis de Rochemont


text:
Phentolamine

Phentolamine, sold under the brand name Regitine among others, is a reversible nonselective α-adrenergic antagonist.

Mechanism
Its primary action is vasodilation due to α1 blockade.

Non-selective α-blockers can cause a much more pronounced reflex tachycardia than the selective α1 blockers. Like the selective α1 blockers, phentolamine causes a relaxation of systemic vasculature, leading to hypotension. This hypotension is sensed by the baroreceptor reflex, which results in increased sympathetic nerve firing on the heart, releasing norepinephrine. In response, the β1 adrenergic receptors on the heart increase their rate, contractility, and dromotropy, which help to offset the decrease in systemic blood pressure. Unlike the α1 selective blockers, phentolamine also inhibits the α2 receptors, which function predominantly as presynaptic negative feedback for norepinephrine release. By abolishing this negative feedback phentolamine leads to even less regulated norepinephrine release, which results in a more drastic increase in heart rate.

Uses
The primary application for phentolamine is for the control of hypertensive emergencies, most notably due to pheochromocytoma.

It also has usefulness in the treatment of cocaine-induced cardiovascular complications, where one would generally avoid β-blockers (e.g. metoprolol), as they can cause unopposed α-adrenergic mediated coronary vasoconstriction, worsening myocardial ischemia and hypertension. Phentolamine is not a first-line agent for this indication. Phentolamine should only be given to patients who do not fully respond to benzodiazepines, nitroglycerin, and calcium channel blockers.

When given by injection it causes blood vessels to dilate, thereby increasing blood flow. When injected into the penis (intracavernosal), it increases blood flow to the penis, which results in an erection.

It may be stored in crash carts to counteract severe peripheral vasoconstriction secondary to extravasation of peripherally placed vasopressor infusions, typically of norepinephrine. Epinephrine infusions are less vasoconstrictive than norepinephrine as they primarily stimulate β receptor more than α receptors, but the effect remains dose-dependent.

Phentolamine also has diagnostic and therapeutic roles in complex regional pain syndrome (reflex sympathetic dystrophy).

Phentolamine is marketed in the dental field as a local anesthetic reversal agent. Branded as OraVerse, it is a phentolamine mesylate injection designed to reverse the local vasoconstrictor properties used in many local anesthetics to prolong anesthesia.

Chemistry
Phentolamine can be synthesized by alkylation of 3-(4-methylanilino)phenol using 2-chloromethylimidazoline:

 * Phentolamine synthesis.png

Adverse effects

 * Orthostatic hypotension.

title: Phentolamine


text: Category:Companies of North Korea

title: Category:Companies of North Korea


text:
Borders & Boundaries

Borders & Boundaries is the fourth studio album by ska punk band Less Than Jake. It was released October 24, 2000 on Fat Wreck Chords. The album was recorded at Grand Master Studios in Hollywood, CA, with producer Steve Kravac, and is the final studio album to feature saxophonist Derron Nuhfer and trombonist Pete Anna. The name of the album can he heard in a lyric from the opening track, "Magnetic North."

Background and production
In January 2000, the band got together to write material for their next album. It marked a change from their previous two albums, which had been writing while in the studio. Recording began in February 2000, and had concluded in April 2000.

Though the album has been described as ska punk, some reviewers noted a reduction in the ska elements. Drummer Vinnie Fiorello said "Look What Happened" was about "feeling like you're busting out to leave." "Gainesville Rock City" was inspired by the band's hometown of Gainesville, Florida. Fiorello said that "Pete Jackson Is Getting Married" was about saxophonist Derron Nuhfer; as Nuhfer didn't want his name used, the band opted to use Pete Jackson. Fiorello said the band were touring Australia at the time and came across Jackson, who was a popular farmer in the country. It features a xylophone, in an attempt to mimic wedding bells.

Artwork
The cover art features a map of the area around their home city of Gainesville, Florida, while the booklet "cover" art features a photograph of trombonist Pete Anna saluting the Statue of Liberty. Included on some copies is a spinning wheel which tells you the distance between Gainesville and eight places around the world; Sydney, Los Angeles, Chicago, Seattle, Tokyo, London, Paramus, NJ, and Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Release
On June 1, 2000, it was announced that Nuhfer had left the band. In July 2000, it was reported that the band was attempting to buy the album rights from Capitol, with the aiming of releasing it on an independent label. The band's drummer, Vinnie Fiorello, wrote about the matter on the liner-notes for Fat Wreck's 2009 greatest hits album, Wrecktrospective: "We recorded a full length for [Capitol Records] while the whole company got replaced, fired, or re-arranged, and in the process the new president there gave us the option of staying or going and taking the record with us." When the band were made aware that they could leave Capitol for another label, "there was only one label we wanted to go to and that was Fat." Around this time, it was announced that Pete Wasilewski of Spring Heeled Jack was filling in Nuhfer's position. On July 12, 2000, the band signed to Fat Wreck Chords.

They then embarked on a summer tour, which was divided into three parts: the first was supported by the Impossibles and New Found Glory, the second by the Ataris and Zebrahead, and the final by the Suicide Machines and One Man Army. On August 10, 2000, the album's artwork and track listing were revealed. Two days later, "Look What Happened" was posted on the label's website. After initially being scheduled for release in August 2000, and then September, Borders & Boundaries was eventually released on October 24, 2000. Following this, the band supported Bon Jovi on their US arena tour, before embarking on a tour of Japan, with support from local acts, and a stint in Europe with MxPx. In January and February 2001, the band played a short series of US shows with support from Against All Authority. In February and March 2001, the band went on a headlining US tour, dubbed the Tour of International Track & Field Champions, with support from New Found Glory, Anti-Flag, and Teen Idols. Between June and August 2001, the group performed on the Warped Tour. Trombonist Pete Anna left the band following the final date of Warped Tour on August 10, 2001. Later in the month, the band played three shows in the UK as part of the Extreme 2001 festival. In September, "Gainesville Rock City" was released as a single in the UK through Golf Records, with "History of a Boring Town", "Yo-Yo Ninja Boy", and the music video for "Gainesville Rock City".

Borders & Boundaries was reissued in October 2012 with the addition of demo versions of "Suburban Myth", "Magnetic North", and "Hell Looks a Lot Like L.A.".

Reception
Mat Hocking of Drowned in Sound wrote that the band delivered "another 15-tracks of bouncy hard-edged ska-punk goodness in the form of Borders & Boundaries", with every song being "so darn catchy". The staff at Chart Attack noted that band "nixed the clanky guitars and overwrought horns", crafting an album "that just might be their best effort yet." They went on further to praise the album for having "enough balls to get the circle pit flying, but still has a ton of appeal to the ears." Ox-Fanzine Randy Flame wrote that the band had nothing to prove after a few "great LPs", as a result, their fifth album saw the band "take off the accelerator significantly and reduce the amount of ska to a minimum." Though he mention that the reduction "sounds bad at first," the resulting album was "full of ingenious melodies", with "typical [...] choruses [that] have irrevocably burned into your brain". The staff at Rock Hard wrote that the band provided "snappy good-mood punk with a good dose of ska, stir catchy lively melodies and throw mostly up-tempo ingredients into the pot."

CMJ New Music Monthly writer Brett Milano found the album to sound "more produced and more commercial than anything they did for the majors." He suggested that if one "[a]dds in the bigger production and take away the ska, [... you'll] get within spitting distance of good old mainstream rock". In a retrospective review, Punknews.org staff member Joe Pelone found the album to be part of the band's "underrated period. Yeah, we loves Losing Streak and Hello Rockview, but Borders has some awesome rockers of its own," despite being not as "consistently memorable as Rockview". AllMusic reviewer Ron DePasquale said the album "borders on being overproduced," with lyrics that "trend more toward the trite and trivial." He added that the band's fans wouldn't be "disappointed, but purists might -- its safe sound reeks of a major-label record incognito."

The album reached #103 in the Billboard charts.

Personnel

 * Chris Demakes – vocals, guitar
 * Roger Manganelli – bass guitar, vocals
 * Vinnie Fiorello – drums, lyrics
 * Buddy Schaub – tenor trombone
 * Pete Anna – alto trombone
 * Derron Nuhfer – additional baritone saxophone

title: Borders & Boundaries


text: Category:Hotels in Maryland

title: Category:Hotels in Maryland


text:
File talk:Chinatown-manhattan-2004.jpg

 * Could be better...

Frankly, this image could be improved. It doesn't really show the character of Mott St or NYC chinatown, and the branding in the foreground isn't very good. AdamDiCarlo 04:42, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: File talk:Chinatown-manhattan-2004.jpg


text: Category:Edinburgers

title: Category:Edinburgers


text:
Harriet Creighton

Harriet Baldwin Creighton (27 June 1909 – January 9, 2004) was an American botanist, geneticist and educator.

Background
Born in Delavan, Illinois, Creighton graduated from Wellesley College in 1929, and went on to complete her Ph.D. at Cornell University in 1933.

Career
During her time at Cornell she worked in the field of maize cytogenetics with Barbara McClintock, the pair published a very influential paper in 1931 in which they described chromosomal crossover for the first time. This paper, part of her Ph.D. research, provided key evidence that chromosomes carried and exchanged genetic information and hence that genes for physical traits are carried on chromosomes. Barbara McClintock guided her Ph.D. research.

After completing her Ph.D. she taught at Cornell University and Connecticut College, and then returned to Wellesley College where she taught until her retirement in 1974; taking time from her career to serve in the U.S. Navy during World War II.

Creighton was elected in 1940 a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1956 she was elected president of the Botanical Society of America.

Key Publication

.

title: Harriet Creighton


text:
Atif

Atif (also spelled Atef or Atiph, عاطف) is an Arabic masculine given name generally used in the Muslim world, it means "the kind one".

Atef

 * Atef Abu Bakr (born 1946), Palestinian politician and diplomat
 * Atef Abu Saif (born 1973), Palestinian writer
 * Atef Adwan (born 1950), Palestinian politician
 * Atef Bseiso (1948–1992), Palestine Liberation Organization head of intelligence
 * Atef Dkhili (born 1990), Tunisian footballer
 * Atef Ebeid (1932–2014), Egyptian politician
 * Atef Maoua, Tunisian basketball player
 * Atef Najib, Syrian political security chief in the city of Daraa
 * Atef Saad (born 1988), Tunisian long-distance runner
 * Atef Sadat (1948–1973), Egyptian Air Force pilot
 * Atef Salem (1927–2002), Egyptian film director
 * Atef Sedky (1930–2005), Egyptian politician
 * Atef Tarawneh (born 1954), Jordanian politician
 * Atef El-Tayeb (1947–1995), Egyptian film director

Atif

 * Atif Abdelmageed, Sudanese administrator
 * Atif Ali (born 1984), Pakistani cricketer
 * Atif Aslam (born 1983), Pakistani singer
 * Atif Ashraf (born 1980), Pakistani cricketer
 * Atif Bashir (born 1985), German footballer
 * Atif Butt (born 1969), Pakistani-born Danish cricketer
 * Atif Dudaković (born 1953), Bosnian army general
 * Atif Jabbar (born 1990), Pakistani cricketer
 * Atif Mian, American economist
 * Atif Qarni (born 1978), American teacher and politician
 * Atif Rauf (born 1964), Pakistani cricketer
 * Atif Sheikh (born 1991), English cricketer

Atıf

 * İskilipli Mehmed Atıf Hoca (1875–1926), Turkish Imam, Islamic scholar, and author
 * Atıf Yılmaz Batıbeki (1925–2006), Turkish film director, screenwriter, and film producer

Atef

 * Bahram Atef (born 1941), Iranian football manager and academic
 * Emily Atef (born 1973), French-Iranian director, screenwriter and producer based in Berlin
 * Mohammed Atef Al-Masri (born Sobhi Abu Setta, also known as Abu Hafs al-Masri), the military chief of al-Qaida, and was considered one of Osama Bin Laden's two deputies, the other being Ayman Al Zawahiri
 * Momen Atef (born 1994), Egyptian footballer
 * Salah Atef, commonly known as Rico (born 1989), Egyptian footballer

Atif

 * Kamran Atif, member of Harkat-ul Mujahideen al-Alami
 * Mohammad Atif Ali (born 1982), Emirati cricketer

title: Atif


text:
User:Adam1213/tsandbox2

a

title: User:Adam1213/tsandbox2


text: Category:Companies of Korea

title: Category:Companies of Korea


text: Category:Hotels in Louisiana

title: Category:Hotels in Louisiana


text: Talk:Golden mean

title: Talk:Golden mean


text: Category:Politics of Brazil

title: Category:Politics of Brazil


text:
Ancient Church of the East

The Ancient Church of the East is an Eastern Christian denomination. It branched from the Assyrian Church of the East in 1964, under the leadership of Mar Toma Darmo (d. 1969). It is one of three Assyrian Churches that claim continuity with the historical Church of the East (the ancient Patriarchal Province of Seleucia-Ctesiphon), the others being the Assyrian Church of the East and the Chaldean Catholic Church. Since 1969, the see of the Ancient Church of the East is headquartered in Baghdad.

History
The Ancient Church of the East is yet another name historically used for the Church of the East. This name became officially used when a schism happened in 1964, due to a decision made by the Patriarch Mar Shimun XXIII Eshai, to switch over from the traditional Julian Calendar which the church has been following since its establishment before the mid first century CE to the Gregorian Calendar. Part of the Church of the East, then led by the Patriarch Mar Shimun XXIII Eshai, continued with the Patriarch's decision. This became the reason for the schism.

The Ancient Church of the East in 1968 consecrated their own Patriarch, Mar Toma Darmo, who strongly opposed to the system of hereditary succession of the position of patriarch of the Church of the East, as well as its adoption of the Gregorian calendar "and other modernizing measures". Mar Darmo was also joined by "various other groups opposed to Mar Shimun."

In 2011, Mar Mari Emmanuel was ordained a bishop in the Church in Australia, before he was excommunicated in July 2014 over "theological differences". Mar Yacob III Daniel was elected as new patriarch in June 2022. In the month of August, patriarch-elect Mar Yacob III Daniel abdicated, and on 12 November 2022 the Holy Synod elected Mar Gewargis Younan to take his place. The consecration of the Patriarch-elect was scheduled to take place in Baghdad in June 2023, and on 9 June, Patriarch Elect Mar Gewargis III Younan was consecrated as the 110th Patriarch of The Ancient Church of The East.

Holy Synod
The Holy Synod is as follow:
 * Mar Gewargis III Younan, Catholicos-Patriarch (seat in Baghdad, Iraq)
 * Mar Yacob Daniel, Metropolitan of the Archdiocese of Baghdad and Basra (seat in Baghdad and Basra)
 * Mar Zaia Khoshaba, Metropolitan of the Archdiocese of Canada and the United States (seat in Toronto, Canada)
 * Mar Toma Aramia, Metropolitan who resides in Canada (seat in Toronto, Canada)
 * Mar Shimun Daniel Alkhoury, Bishop of Iraq and the Middle East.

Since 1968

 * Thoma Darmo (1968–1969)
 * Addai II Giwargis (1972–2022)
 * Yacob III Daniel (2022-2022)
 * Gewargis III Younan (9 June 2023 – present)

Relationship with the Assyrian Church of the East
Under the tenure of Addai II, the Ancient Church of the East has made several gestures towards reunification with the Assyrian Church of the East. The most prominent of these is undoubtedly the declaration made in June 2010 stating that the Ancient Church of the East would now celebrate Christmas in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Previously, the church used the traditional Julian date for the Christmas Day (December 25 of the Julian calendar currently corresponds to January 7 of the Gregorian Calendar), as the Church of the East had throughout its history. The decision was to be implemented later that year, on December 25, 2010.

Dialogue for reunification
Following the death (March 2015) of Dinkha IV, Catholicos-Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East, dialogue of unification continued between the churches.

On May 22, 2015, a meeting involving prelates of both Holy Councils took place in a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the library of St. Andrew's Assyrian Church of the East. Present were Yacoub Daniel, Zaia Khoshaba, and Gewargis Younan representing the Ancient Church of the East, and Gewargis Sliwa, Awa Royel, and Iskhaq Yousif representing the Assyrian Church of the East. Archdeacon William Toma served as the meeting's common secretary. Yacoub Daniel flew in from Australia for the meeting, and Zaia traveled from Canada.

On June 1, 2015, the Holy Synod of the Assyrian Church of the East met in Erbil, Iraq, to discuss the future of the church. The date had previously been arranged for the election of the new Catholicos-Patriarch. Awa Royel issued a statement on the same day, notifying the public that a response to the Ancient Church of the East's recommendations for reunification had been delivered to their prelates. The letter requested a prompt response to the terms, and the election of the new Patriarch was suspended until the following week, on June 8, 2015.

On June 5, 2015, Aprem Mooken issued a formal statement announcing that the election of the next Catholicos-Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East was suspended until September (2015), pending the unification of the churches.

It turned out that unification was not achievable. On 18 September, Assyrian Church of the East elected Gewargis III as the new head of the Church, and he was consecrated and enthroned as Catholicos-Patriarch on 27 September 2015.

In spite of the fact that unification was not achieved, leaders of both Churches have continued to promote various forms of mutual cooperation.

After the death of Mar Addai II, reunification failed in May 2022 and the election of a new patriarch was therefore launched.

title: Ancient Church of the East


text:
Hexagonal antiprism

In geometry, the hexagonal antiprism is the 4th in an infinite set of antiprisms formed by an even-numbered sequence of triangle sides closed by two polygon caps.

Antiprisms are similar to prisms except the bases are twisted relative to each other, and that the side faces are triangles, rather than quadrilaterals.

In the case of a regular n-sided base, one usually considers the case where its copy is twisted by an angle $180°⁄n$. Extra regularity is obtained by the line connecting the base centers being perpendicular to the base planes, making it a right antiprism. As faces, it has the two $n$-gonal bases and, connecting those bases, $2n$ isosceles triangles.

If faces are all regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron.

Crossed antiprism
A crossed hexagonal antiprism is a star polyhedron, topologically identical to the convex hexagonal antiprism with the same vertex arrangement, but it can't be made uniform; the sides are isosceles triangles. Its vertex configuration is 3.3/2.3.6, with one triangle retrograde. It has D6d symmetry, order 24.
 * Crossed hexagonal antiprism.png

Related polyhedra
The hexagonal faces can be replaced by coplanar triangles, leading to a nonconvex polyhedron with 24 equilateral triangles.
 * Augmented hexagonal antiprism flat.png

title: Hexagonal antiprism