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Tavium

Tavium, or Tavia (Τάουιον; Taouion or Tavium), was the chief city of the Galatian tribe of Trocmi, one of the three Celtic tribes which migrated from the Danube Valley to Galatia in present-day central Turkey in the 3rd century BCE. Owing to its position on the high roads of commerce was an important trading post. The site was successively occupied by Hittites, Cimmerians, Persians, Celts, Greeks, Romans, Seljuk Turks and Ottoman Turks. At the time of the Roman Empire, Tavium was an important crossroads and a stopping place on the caravan routes.

One of the few things known about Tavium is that there was metalworking, because coins have been found that were minted there in the early 1st century bearing the likenesses of Marcus Aurelius and Elagabalus. Copper, tin, iron and silver were mined in the nearby mountains. Similar to other Celtic towns of the time, the smelting and stamping was done by a small group of artisans working in one or two stone huts. In the city there was a colossal statue of Zeus in bronze, greatly venerated by the Galatians.

The site of Tavium is generally believed to be ruins situated close to the village of Büyüknefes (previously known as Nefezköy), in a fertile plain east of the Kızılırmak river (Halys in Yozgat Province. Materials from these ruins were used in building the neighbouring town of Yozgat, which also features the remains of a theatre and, possibly, a temple of Jupiter; these have a number of inscriptions, mostly Byzantine.

Archaeological surveys have been conducted at the site by Karl Strobel and Christoph Gerber since 1997.

In the Notitiæ Episcopatuum the bishopric of Tavium is mentioned up to the 13th century as the first suffragan of Ancyra. The names of five bishops of the area are known: Dicasius, present at the Councils of Neocæsarea and Nice; Julian, at the second Council of Ephesus (449), and at the Council of Chalcedon (451), and a signer of the letter from the Galatian bishops to the Emperor Leo (458); Anastasius, present at the second Council of Constantinople (553); Gregory at the Council in Trullo (692); Philaretus at Constantinople (869).

As of the early 20th century, Büyüknefes was inhabited during the winter by nomadic Turkish tribes. It was then in the kaza (district) of Sungurlu and the vilayet of Ankara. Now it is a part of Yozgat Province.

title: Tavium


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Menedemus (general)

Menedemus (Μενέδημος) was one of the generals of Alexander the Great, who was sent in 329 BC against Spitamenes, satrap of Sogdiana, but was surprised and slain, together with 2000 foot-soldiers and 300 horse.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Menedemus (general)


text: Category:City councils

title: Category:City councils


text:
Dearie

"Dearie" is a popular song. The music was written by David Mann, and the lyrics, by Bob Hilliard. The song was published in 1950.

The song is about reminiscences, and often sung as a duet. When done as a duet, each one of the singers asks the other whether he or she remembers a number of long-ago events, and then says "if you remember, you're much older than I." When sung as a solo, the same questions are directed at the audience.

It makes a string of pseudo-nostalgic references: to Orville Wright's first powered flight near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina; waltzing to the John Philip Sousa band; "Picking up Pittsburgh on a crystal set" refers to KDKA (AM), the first commercial broadcast radio station in the United States; the "running board on a Chandler Six" refers to a six-cylinder automobile of the same era as Henry Ford's famous Tin Lizzy; "Movie stars of the silent era", including Charlie Chaplin and Jackie Coogan, are mentioned as making you laugh and then cry; "Watching John L. win every fight, 'cause nobody ducked from Sullivan's right" refers to John L. Sullivan (1858-1918), the heavyweight boxing champion.

Recordings
In 1950, some of the best-known versions were recorded by Guy Lombardo and the Royal Canadians (with a vocal by Kenny Gardner), Jo Stafford and Gordon MacRae, Ray Bolger and Ethel Merman, and Lisa Kirk and Fran Warren.

The Guy Lombardo record was recorded on January 26, 1950 and released by Decca Records (catalog number 24899). It first reached the Billboard chart on March 31, 1950 and lasted nine weeks on the chart, peaking at number 5.

The Jo Stafford/Gordon MacRae record was recorded on January 14, 1950 and released by Capitol Records (catalog number 858). It first reached the Billboard chart on March 3, 1950 and lasted 11 weeks on the chart, peaking at number 12.

The Ray Bolger/Ethel Merman record was recorded on January 4, 1950 and released by Decca (catalog number 24873). It first reached the Billboard chart on March 3, 1950 and lasted 11 weeks on the chart, peaking at number 13. The B-side of this recording, "I Said My Pajamas (and Put on My Pray'rs)," also charted.

The Lisa Kirk/Fran Warren record was released by RCA Victor Records as a 78rpm single (catalog number 20-3696) and a 45rpm single (catalog number 47-3220). It first reached the Billboard chart on April 7, 1950 and lasted two weeks on the chart, peaking at number 29.

The various versions of the song (combined, as was normal for Cash Box) reached number 4 on their Best-Selling Records chart.

In the UK, there were contemporary cover versions released by Bob and Alf Pearson (as part of their medley "In Big Bits of Big Hits"), The Five Smith Brothers, Ted Ray and Kitty Bluett, Billy Ternent and his Orchestra (with vocals by Eva Beynon and Bobby Breen), Joe Loss and his Orchestra, and Donald Peers. Ray and Bluett were playing a married couple in the BBC Radio comedy show Ray's a Laugh at the time. Their recording features lyrics adapted for British audiences, who may not have understood all the American references.

Recorded versions

 * Ray Bolger and Ethel Merman (recorded January 4, 1950)
 * Bing Crosby
 * Lisa Kirk and Fran Warren (1950), reissued on compact disc on the 2003 album Let's Fall in Love
 * Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians (Kenny Gardner and The Lombardo Trio) (recorded January 26, 1950)
 * Mary Martin
 * Jo Stafford and Gordon MacRae (January 14, 1950)
 * Bob and Alf Pearson (as part of their medley "In Big Bits of Big Hits") on British Parlophone
 * Ted Ray and Kitty Bluett (on British Columbia)
 * Billy Cotton and Kathie Kay on their 1961 album Bill and Kate
 * The Five Smith Brothers
 * Billy Ternent and his Orchestra (vocals by Eva Beynon and Bobby Breen)
 * Joe Loss and his Orchestra
 * Donald Peers
 * George Towne and his Orchestra (vocals by The Satisfyers)
 * Mary Ellen Quartet (Mary Ellen, Bob Scott and Quartet)

The song was featured on the Lawrence Welk Show, later available via PBS, entitled: "Do You Remember?"

Dennis Day performed a version on The Jack Benny Program on April 9, 1950, with the final verse directed at "Jackie" instead of "dearie", reminiscing on the life of Jack Benny, who chimes in with a very off-key "I'm thirty-nine" as the penultimate line.

title: Dearie


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Point Samson, Western Australia

Point Samson is a small coastal settlement 1,579 km north of Perth and 18 km north of Roebourne in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. The town is a popular holiday location for the nearby mining towns, including Wickham, Karratha and Dampier. Fishing is the main industry.

From 1938 to 1966 blue asbestos, also known as crocidolite, was carried here by truck from Wittenoom for shiploading by the Australian Blue Asbestos company.

The townsite was investigated for further development in the 1980s.

The population of Point Samson was 235 at the 2021 census, slightly up from 231 at the 2016 census, down from 298 in 2011 and 274 in 2006.

title: Point Samson, Western Australia


text:
Congreso de laS LenguaS

The Congreso de laS LenguaS (Spanish, Congress of the Languages) was a cultural event that took place in Rosario, Argentina, from 15 November to 20 November 2004. It was a series of meetings and lectures devoted to the discussion of cultural and linguistic diversity in Latin America, intended initially as indirect criticism and counter-event for the Third International Congress of the Spanish Language which was being celebrated at about the same time. It was presided over by the 1980 Nobel Peace Prize Adolfo Pérez Esquivel.

The very name of the Congreso attempted to emphasize the plurality of traditions of the region, over the de facto dominant status of Spanish brought about by the colonization and the ensuing decimation of the indigenous languages of the Americas. It is due to this emphasis that the S marking the plural in the article las "the" and the noun lenguas "tongues, languages" is in uppercase.

Rodolfo Hachén, a professor of ethnolinguistics at the National University of Rosario and one of the organizers, stated that they objected the Third International Congress of the Spanish Language because it was intended to affirm the appropriation of Spanish by the Association of Spanish Language Academies, which officially regulates the language. Hachén countered that the only "owners" of a language are its speakers. The organizers of the Third Congress pointed out that such criticism are out of date, since the Association of Spanish Language Academies has revised its policies on the acceptance of linguistic innovation and variants.

title: Congreso de laS LenguaS


text:
State Pension (United Kingdom)

The State Pension is an existing welfare benefit that forms part of the United Kingdom Government's pension arrangements. Benefits vary depending on the age of the individual and their contribution record. Currently anyone can make a claim, provided they have a minimum number of qualifying years of contributions.

Basic State Pension
The basic State Pension (alongside the Graduated Retirement Benefit, the State Earnings-Related Pension Scheme, and the State Second Pension) is a benefit payable to men born before 6 April 1951, and to women born before 6 April 1953. The maximum amount payable is £169.50 a week (April 2024 - April 2025).

New State Pension
The new State Pension is a benefit payable to men born on or after 6 April 1951, and to women born on or after 6 April 1953. The maximum amount payable is £221.20 a week (April 2024 - April 2025).

Contribution record
The State Pension is a 'contribution-based' welfare benefit, and depends on an individual's National Insurance (NI) contribution history. To qualify for a full pension (amounts given above), an individual would require: In years where fewer than 52 weeks' NI were paid, the year is disregarded. With fewer qualifying years smaller, pro-rata, pension is paid. People who were contracted-out paid lower NI contributions will receive a lower state pension.
 * basic State Pension: 30 qualifying years (years in which NI contributions were paid) for contributors claiming between 6 April 2010 and 5 April 2016;
 * new State Pension: 35 qualifying years (years in which NI contributions were paid) for contributors claiming from 6 April 2016.

Pre-1975 system
Before the National Insurance system changed in 1975, the contribution rules were somewhat different. To receive the benefit, a person needed to have a minimum of 3 qualifying years (156 weeks) of flat-rate contributions (2 years, prior to July 1948), and have maintained a yearly average of 50 (weeks’) contributions from either the age of 16, or since 5 July 1948, or the date they began insurable employment).

Pension uprating
The benefits paid under basic State Pension are increased in April each year to pensioners living in the UK and in certain overseas countries which have a social security agreement with the UK that includes British pension uprating, in line with the CPI. All state pensions for these pensions are protected by the "triple lock" guarantee introduced by the 2010–2015 coalition government, meaning that the benefit rises each year by either the annual price inflation, or average earnings growth, or a guaranteed 2.5% minimum, whichever is the greatest.

Coming into effect each April, the uprating is based on the previous September's CPI inflation, along with the annual increase in weekly earnings averaged over May to July. The triple Lock has been replaced for one year for the 2022 increase with a double lock with the average earnings element removed. This was because the government believed there was a statistical anomaly due to Covid having depressed the 2020 earnings figures.

In November 2023, The Trussell Trust calculated that a single adult in the UK in 2023 needs at least £29,500 a year to have an acceptable standard of living, up from £25,000 in 2022.

Pensioners living in other countries without a current agreement (which includes most Commonwealth countries) have their pensions frozen at the rate in effect on the date when they left the UK, or on the date when they applied for a pension, whichever is later.

State Pension age
Before the Pensions Act 1995, the state pension age had been 60 for women, and 65 for men. The Act changed this so that the women's pension age would be made equal with men, but that the transition should only be phased in from 2010 to 2020. In 2006, a cross party Parliamentary report again recommended equalisation of ages on the basis of equal treatment of both sexes. It also recommended a rise in the state pension age for both men and women to 68 between 2024 and 2046. The rationale for the age rise was that people would be living longer in the future. This was put into effect by the Pensions Act 2007.

However, when the Conservative and Liberal Democrat coalition took power, the Pensions Act 2011 accelerated the rise of the state pension age to 66 for both men and women by 6 October 2020. Under the Pensions Act 2014, the coalition government again accelerated the rise in the state pension age to 67 by 6 April 2028.

In May 2019, a challenge in the High Court failed to reverse decisions to accelerate the equalisation of the pension ages on the ground that not enough notice was given. The Conservative Party in its 2019 manifesto stated that it would not change the rules, while the Labour Party committed itself to compensating women who were unfairly affected by the changes in the pension age. An appeal to the Court of Appeal against the decision of the High Court was dismissed on 15 September 2020. On 31 March 2021 the Supreme Court refused the women's application for permission to appeal against the decision of the Court of Appeal.

The current ages for the state pension in law are as follows:

Deferral
It is possible to defer claiming a State Pension at SPA.

For individuals who reached SPA before 6 April 2016, deferred pensions are increased by 1% for every 5 weeks that the pension is not claimed (approximately 10.4% per year). Alternatively pensioners who have deferred their pension can claim a lump sum and an unenhanced pension. The lump sum is the amount of pension payments foregone plus interest at 2% per year over the Bank of England base rate.

For individuals who reach SPA on or after 6 April 2016, deferred pensions are increased by 1% for every 9 weeks that the pension is not claimed (approximately 5.8% per year).

Calculations
The basic State Pension is based on the National Insurance record of the individual. Each year that National Insurance was paid is called a qualifying year. For 2023–2024 to be a qualifying year you need to earn at least £6396 if you are an employee, or £6725 if you are self-employed, and have paid (or been credited with) National Insurance contributions based on these earnings.

The amount of the basic State Pension received is calculated by multiplying the full rate by the number of qualifying years and dividing by the number of years needed for the full rate.

Men born before 6 April 1945 needed 44 qualifying years for a full basic State Pension, and women born before 6 April 1950 needed 39 years; to get any State Pension, an individual needed 25 per cent of the qualifying years required for a full pension.

From 6 April 2010 until 5 April 2016, men born after 5 April 1945 and women born after 5 April 1950 needed 30 qualifying years for a full Basic State Pension, with a single qualifying year required to get any State Pension.

Since 6 April 2016, 35 qualifying years are needed to receive the full new state pension. State Pension amounts can be reduced if the pensioner was in a contracted-out works pension scheme.

Individuals with less than a full record of qualifying years, may elect to pay voluntary National Insurance contributions, in order to boost their record for pension purposes.

People in certain circumstances, such as caring for a severely disabled person for more than 20 hours a week or claiming unemployment or sickness benefits, can claim National Insurance credits.

NI contributions paid between April 1961 and April 1975 result in an entitlement to a small Graduated Retirement pension.

NI contributions paid between April 1978 and April 2002 result in an entitlement to an additional pension from the State Earnings Related Pension Scheme, although this will be very small if the individual was "contracted out" of this arrangement. Since April 2002 NI contributions have earned an additional State Second Pension.

Married couples
Before April 2016, a wife or husband could claim extra basic State Pension based on the National Insurance contributions paid by his or her husband or wife (this extra is called a Category B pension).

If a woman has a Category A basic State Pension of less than 60 per cent of the full basic State Pension, then when she reaches her State Pension Age, she will have her basic State Pension topped-up to 60 per cent of her husband's Category A basic State Pension, once her husband reaches pension age.

Men, born after 5 April 1945, are able to claim a Category B pension based on their wives' contribution record. Similarly, civil partners who reach State Pension Age on or after 6 April 2010 are able to claim a Category B pension on the same basis.

No provision has been made for married partners to claim a reduced pension under the New State Pension, as it is intended people will have longer working lives and personal contribution records to claim against.

Pension top-ups
Married women with young children and carers can claim credits of National Insurance contributions.

Pensioners with low incomes, or without enough qualifying years can claim Pension Credit.

An 'age addition' of 25p a week is paid to people over 80.

Pensions Act 2007
A new approach was introduced following the findings of the all-party Pension Commission in 2006 and the white paper Security in retirement: towards a new pension system published in May 2006. The key provisions were:
 * 1) Reduction of the qualifying years for a full basic State Pension from 44 years for men and 39 years for women to 30 years for both.
 * 2) The basic State Pension's yearly increase is determined by a rule known as the “triple lock”, it being the greatest of:
 * 3) the growth in national average earnings;
 * 4) the growth in retail prices as measured by the Consumer Price Index;
 * 5) 2.5 per cent.
 * 6) The contribution conditions for basic State Pension were changed so that it is easier for everyone to build up some entitlement.
 * 7) Replacing Home Responsibility Protection (HRP) with a new system of weekly credits for parents and carers so that they can build up some entitlement to the Additional State Pension.
 * 8) Raising the State Pension age for both women and men from 65 to 68 in three stages between 2024 and 2046.
 * 9) End of the option to contract out of the Additional State Pension through money-purchase private pensions.

Pensions Act 2014
The government originally proposed that in April 2017 the basic State Pension and Second State Pension should both be replaced by a single, flat-rate pension. A green paper was issued in April 2011, followed by a White Paper in January 2013. Rights already earned to a Second State Pension would not be lost. In the 2013 budget it was announced that introduction of the single tier pension would be brought forward by one year to 6 April 2016.

The new "single-tier" State Pension would be worth £144 a week (in 2012-13 terms). Provided they have 35 qualifying years, individuals would actually receive £144 a week, plus a "protected amount" if they have already earned a second State pension greater than £37 a week (which is the difference between the current basic State Pension and the proposed flat-rate pension), and minus a "rebate-derived amount" if they have paid smaller National Insurance contributions because they were "contracted out" of the Second State Pension Scheme (or its predecessor, the State Earnings Related Pension Scheme).

The new, single-tier State Pension would eventually remove the need for Pension Credit. It is also proposed that various rules regarding marriage, divorce and bereavement would be phased out. This would mean that Category B pensions (see above) would be replaced by Category A pensions for everyone, although any rights to a Category B pension that existed at the implementation date would be preserved.

These changes are now law, they were enacted by the Pensions Act 2014 which received royal assent on 14 May 2014.

title: State Pension (United Kingdom)


text:
Plus 8

Plus 8 (also spelled as Plus8) is a Canadian techno record label founded by Richie Hawtin and John Acquaviva in 1990 that's based in Windsor, Ontario. Along with Underground Resistance and Planet E, Plus 8 was one of the early producers of Detroit Techno's 'Second Wave' music at the start of the 1990s.

History
The label's name referred to the fact that on most turntables, +8% is the maximum amount by which one can increase the speed of playback. Initial releases were a series of increasingly faster industrial hardcore recordings by the pair themselves and their friends, using aliases such as States of Mind and Cybersonik, along with other Detroit-based musicians such as Kenny Larkin.

The label began to retreat from hard and fast tempo after the release of Circuit Breaker's "Overkill/Frenz-E" and Cybersonik's "Thrash" in 1992. Hawtin and Aquaviva lost interest in the drug-fueled dynamic and rave culture that was driving hardcore techno. In 1992, after observing a crowd in a Rotterdam club shouting an anti-semitic football chant over Plus 8's song, Cybersonik's "Thrash", Hawtin and Aquaviva decided to change musical direction by slowing down the tempo and bringing funk and soul back into their music.

Plus 8 releases include early 12-inch singles from Speedy J, and from Richie Hawtin's many pseudonyms including F.U.S.E. and Plastikman. By 1996 Plus 8 had also released a number of dance compilation albums. The label was suspended in 1997, as Acquaviva concentrated on DJing and Hawtin on his new label, M nus, but releases (and re-releases of early material often licensed to other labels) have appeared from time to time, notably 2000's Plus 8 Classics triple 12-inch vinyl and CD retrospective. In 2015, Richie Hawtin released From My Mind to Yours.

title: Plus 8


text: File:Vampire Junction (SP Somtow novel - front cover).jpg


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Wim Kieft

Willem Cornelis Nicolaas "Wim" Kieft (born 12 November 1962) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a centre forward. Kieft went into punditry in 2001, occasionally appearing on football talk show Voetbal Inside

A prolific goal-scorer whose main asset was his heading ability, he played for two big clubs, Ajax and PSV. He also played in Italy and France.

Kieft played for the Netherlands national team, and was a member of the squad that won Euro 1988. He also represented his nation at the 1990 World Cup.

Club career
Born in Amsterdam, Kieft started his professional career with local AFC Ajax, making his first-team debuts on 4 May 1980 at not yet 18. Amongst his youth teammates were Frank Rijkaard, John van 't Schip, Marco van Basten and Gerald Vanenburg, as in his first two full seasons he scored at an astonishing rate, especially in 1981–82 when he netted 32 goals in as many games, being crucial as the team lifted the Eredivisie title and receiving the European Golden Boot award.

At only 20, Kieft was sold to Italy's Pisa Calcio, scoring only three times in a relegation-ending campaign. He did help the Tuscany side immediately promote to Serie A, but underperformed overall in the top flight, with that club and his following, Torino FC.

In the summer of 1987, Kieft returned to his country and signed for PSV Eindhoven. His impact was immediate as his new team won the treble, including the season's European Cup where he scored in the penalty shootout defeat of S.L. Benfica (0–0 after 120 minutes). En route to these accolades he contributed with more than 30 goals overall, 29 alone in the league, a competition-best; he was also one of five European players to ever achieve the feat of winning four competitions – three with their club and one with the national team – in the same year, the others being teammates Berry van Aerle, Hans van Breukelen, Ronald Koeman and Vanenburg.

Kieft had his second and last abroad experience in 1990, joining FC Girondins de Bordeaux from France and again underachieving, returning to PSV and playing three more seasons until his retirement, averaging more than 11 goals in his second spell with the latter. In total, he scored 158 times in only 264 matches in the Netherlands' top division.

Kieft rejoined PSV in 2009, being named assistant coach of the club's youth sides.

International career
Kieft earned his first cap for the Netherlands in 1981. He would represent the national team in three major international tournaments, UEFA Euro 1988, the 1990 FIFA World Cup and Euro 1992.

In the first competition, Kieft played three times for the eventual champions, always as a second-half substitute: on 18 June 1988, after having replaced Erwin Koeman, he scored in the 82nd minute of the 1–0 group stage win against the Republic of Ireland, through a header, helping the Dutch overtake their opponents in the match and finish second in Group 2 to secure a place in the semi-finals.

Kieft played four times in the second tournament, held in Italy, starting against a familiar opponent, Ireland, and finding the net in the 1–1 draw against Egypt as the Oranje exited in the round-of-16.

Post-retirement career and personal life
After retiring, Kieft worked as a football pundit for television channels Sport1 and RTL, making a name for himself as a commentator and pundit with popular football talkshow Voetbal Inside (VI). In 2016, Kieft signed an exclusive agreement with Ziggo Sport. Because of this, he initially could not feature at the VI table. At the end of 2018, Kieft returned twice a week as a table guest at VI. In 2019, Kieft signed a three-year contract with Talpa, which meant that he returned to their new program, Veronica Inside, with the same concept as VI.

His son, Robbin (born 1987), was also a footballer. After attending Ajax and FC Groningen's youth academies, he played exclusively in the lower leagues of the country.

In his biography, published in 2014, Kieft admitted a long-lasting addiction to alcohol and cocaine, which began after the end of his career and ended after a withdrawal treatment.

Honours

Ajax
 * Eredivisie: 1979–80, 1981–82, 1982–83
 * KNVB Cup: 1982–83; runner-up: 1979–80, 1980–81

Pisa
 * Serie B: 1984–85
 * Mitropa Cup: 1985–86

PSV
 * Eredivisie: 1987–88, 1988–89, 1991–92
 * KNVB Cup: 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90
 * Johan Cruijff Shield: 1992; runner-up: 1991
 * European Cup: 1987–88

Netherlands
 * UEFA European Championship: 1988

Individual
 * Eredivisie top scorer: 1981–82, 1987–88
 * European Golden Boot: 1982
 * UEFA Cup Top scorer: 1986–87

title: Wim Kieft


text:
User talk:Dreadgirl

Your Userpage
Your userpage is not to be used as a pseudo-article. Please remember that Wikipedia is not MySpace. Your userpage is for anything that is compatible with the Wikipedia project. It is a mistake to think of it as a homepage: Wikipedia is not a blog, webspace provider, or social networking site. Please see Introduction and User page for more information. Thanks.--Hu12 23:07, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dreadgirl


text:
User:64.154.26.251

Hi, 64.154.26.251:

Just a quick hello to say that I appreciate your calm and respectful discourse (from what I've read of it) on the Coulter talk page. As I'm sure you can tell, a lot of bullies, liars, and just plain unwik people hang out there. I have edited with them, and it doesn't matter how nice you are, or how unseemly, they will still revert your edits and refuse to collaborate. For all his faults, Big Daddy knows exactly what he's talking about in this regard, and one of the reasons they are so upset is that he has unabashedly exposed them for what they are, and is completely unafraid of anything they might do.

Now some unsolicited advice: I want to strongly encourage you to consider creating an account and stay logged in. Don't make up your mind right away, but take some time to ponder these advantages over the next week:

 * You are more secure, rather than less secure, as right now your IP is exposed.
 * You can choose a name, which is more personable, and will find that you are treated a bit less suspiciously. Calling some "Dave" is so much nicer than "64.154.26.251," so you will make more friends more quickly.  One cannot recognize someone's "face" if it is a number.  That is what handles are for.
 * It is much less likely that people will accuse you of sock puppetry. At the moment, a lot of reckless and unsubstantiated charges are being thrown around.  Not good.  Those who think you are Big Daddy must be extremely stupid or outright dishonest; your styles are completely different.
 * You can participate in the community activities more easily, like RfCs and what not.
 * You can take credit for all edits from anonymous IPs if you wish.

Stop by my talk page any time. You are welcome here.

paul klenk talk

title: User:64.154.26.251


text:
Resona Holdings

Resona Holdings, Inc. (株式会社りそなホールディングス) (tyo: 8308) is the holding company of Resona Group (りそなグループ), the fifth-largest banking group in Japan as of 2012. It is headquartered in the Kiba area of Koto, Tokyo. The main operating entities of the group are Resona Bank, a nationwide corporate and retail bank headquartered in Osaka, and Saitama Resona Bank, a smaller bank headquartered in Saitama City which primarily serves Saitama Prefecture. Most of these banks' operations are descended from Daiwa Bank and Asahi Bank, which merged in 2003.

Daiwa Bank
Resona was formed as the Osaka Nomura Bank in 1918. This entity served as the financing arm of the Nomura zaibatsu founded by Tokushichi Nomura. Its securities brokerage operation separated in 1925 to form Nomura Securities, now Japan's largest securities company. The bank was renamed Nomura Bank in 1927 and became the main bank for the Osaka Prefecture government in 1929, immediately following the 1929 stock market crash.

The Nomura zaibatsu was dissolved in the wake of World War II, and the bank was renamed to The Daiwa Bank in 1948. It was one of the only major banks that offered both banking and trust services during the postwar era.

In 1995, a New York-based Daiwa bond trader, Toshihide Iguchi, lost $1.1 billion speculating in the bond market and was charged with forgery and falsification of bank records. The bank was criminally indicted in November 1995 and ordered to leave the U.S. market; in the wake of this incident, there were talks of a merger between Daiwa and Sumitomo Bank, which would have created the world's largest bank at the time. Daiwa closed its United States operations in 1996, and eventually pulled out of overseas banking entirely in 1998.

Asahi Bank
Japan Saving Bank (日本貯蓄銀行) was formed by a 9-bank merger in May 1945 to consolidate various savings banks that served Japanese individuals around the end of World War II. During the immediate postwar era, rapid inflation threatened the bank's business. In 1948, it was converted to an ordinary bank named Kyowa Bank (協和銀行). Kyowa merged with Saitama Bank (埼玉銀行) in 1991 to form Kyowa Saitama Bank (協和埼玉銀行), renamed Asahi Bank (あさひ銀行) in 1992.

Asahi entered into merger talks with Sanwa Bank and Tokai Bank, and the three banks announced a merger in 2001. The merger would have created the third-largest bank in the world behind Deutsche Bank and Mizuho Financial Group. However, Asahi pulled out of these talks later that year. The eventual Sanwa-Tokai merger formed UFJ Bank.

Resona merger
Daiwa formed a bank holding company, Daiwa Bank Holdings, in December 2001 to serve as the parent entity of Daiwa, Kinki Osaka Bank and Nara Bank. Later that month, Daiwa announced that Asahi Bank would be acquired by Daiwa Bank Holdings in a share swap transaction, forming the fifth-largest banking group in Japan. The company was renamed Resona Holdings, Inc. on 1 October 2002.

Daiwa and Asahi consolidated operations on 1 March 2003, with most of their assets combined to form Resona Bank. 100 Asahi Bank branches in Saitama and three branches in Tokyo were moved to a separate entity, Saitama Resona Bank.

Post-merger developments
In early 2003 the Resona Group's capital adequacy ratio fell dangerously low. The bank had proposed to maintain its capital adequacy ratio above the legal limit by factoring in deferred tax assets. However, the value of these deferred assets could only be claimed if the company turned a profit in the future. Because the bank's profit outlook was so dim, Resona's auditor refused to certify the company's financial statement if the deferred tax assets were included. Without being able to count the deferred tax assets, the bank was effectively insolvent.

The Resona case threatened to cripple the entire country's financial system, since the other major banks were also counting on deferred tax assets to maintain their capital adequacy ratios. On 17 May 2003, the Japan government decided to inject 1.96 trillion yen in public funds into the Resona Group through Resona Bank. This move, through the share exchange agreement between the bank and the holding company, effectively nationalized the bank, since the government emerged as the company's majority shareholder, holding 68.25% of voting rights of the holding company, while the holdings of existing shareholders were greatly diluted. The existing management was sacked and a new management was installed.

Former Resona Chairman Eiji Hosoya is credited with leading the bank's revival following the 2003 bailout. Hosoya initially resisted taking the appointment to head Resona, saying in a news conference held on 30 May 2003, "I decided to accept the offer as I realized that stabilizing the financial system is the highest priority for the Japanese economy." Under Hosoya, the bank's new management immediately set about to reduce Resona's non-performing loans (NPLs). In 2004, the company managed to turn a profit of ¥386 billion. As a result, Resona's management announced a plan to, over the next 10 years, return to the government ¥868 billion of the ¥3 trillion in public funds it has received. Hosoya died in November 2012.

Resona introduced two new full-time employee career tracks in 2015: one "no overtime" track for employees seeking better work-life balance, and another track for employees who wish to remain in a single position for their entire career. These policies were unique among Japanese banks at the time of their introduction.

Group companies

 * Resona Bank, Limited
 * Saitama Resona Bank, Limited
 * The Kinki Osaka Bank, Limited
 * Resona Trust & Banking Company, Limited

title: Resona Holdings


text:
European Democrat Students

European Democrat Students (EDS) is a pan-European centre-right student and youth political association, and the official student organisation of the European People's Party. Founded in Vienna by Scandinavian, German and Austrian students in 1961, it represents over 600,000 students and young people in 34 member organisations from 30 countries in Europe and Asia. Its stated goal is to promote a free, democratic and united Europe through a greater student mobility and comprehensive education policies across the continent.

History
In 1958, a group of Swedish students, members of the Conservative Student League of Sweden, travelled to Vienna, Prague and West Berlin, where they attended the annual meeting of the Association of Christian Democratic Students. A cooperation between the Swedish and West German students was initiated, that was soon extended to include student organisations from the rest of Scandinavia and the United Kingdom.

In response to increasing activities of communist organisations, the liberal-conservative and christian democratic student organisations from these countries saw a need for stronger international cooperation among democratic student organisations in Europe. When the communist International Union of Students organised the "7th World Youth Festival" in Vienna in 1959, christian democratic and liberal-conservative students established the organisation Arbeitsgemeinschaft Neues Leben (Action Committee New Life), the first international organisation of centre-right students in Europe. The new organisation distributed pins with the text "Remember Hungary 1956!"

The Arbeitsgemeinschaft Neues Leben quickly evolved into the International Student Conferences, that took place in Copenhagen and Stockholm for the first time in 1960. At the third conference, in Vienna in 1961, the International of Christian-Democrat and Conservative Students, the predecessor of the European Democrat Students, was founded. The organisation considered itself to be the "first avantgarde fighter for the protection of the principles of liberty and individualism," and supported European integration and programmes for student mobility. The founding member organisations were the Freie Österreichische Studentenschaft (Austria), the Conservative Students (Denmark), the Association of Christian Democratic Students (West Germany), the Students' League of the Conservative Party (Norway), and the Confederation of Swedish Conservative and Liberal Students (FMSF). A few months later, the Federation of University Conservative and Unionist Associations (UK) and ESC (Belgium) joined.

The current name of the organisation, European Democrat Students, was adopted in 1975, after it was proposed by Carl Bildt.

Since 1997, EDS has been the official student organisation of the European People's Party (EPP). Full members status is held to the European Youth Forum (YFJ), the International Young Democrat Union (IYDU) and the Robert Schuman Institute. EDS is also recognised as a member association of the European Peoples Party (EPP), where EDS is one of the six EPP associations - in addition to recognition as an NGO at the Council of Europe.

Organising seminars, summer and winter universities, publications, campaigns and political resolutions, EDS connects like-minded students from all over the continent and shapes European student policies as well as the debates within the EPP. In 2011, the celebrations of the 50th anniversary have been conducted in Brussels and Vienna, attracting several hundreds of members, alumni, politicians and partners.

An important shift towards a more wide vision of the world was introduced during the working year 2017-2018 with the first Study Mission organized in Latin America under the title of "Caja Política". A second edition was held in 2019 in Guayaquil and Quito (Ecuador) and it successfully gathered young leaders from a dozen Latin American countries with representatives of the EDS Bureau and Member Organizations. After these events EDS became a pioneer in the center right becoming the first European organization regularly active in Latin America, Europe and Middle East.

Following internal disputes over the operations of the association and the lack of reforms, three of the founding members - Danish Conservative Students, German Association of Christian Democratic Students and Sweden based Confederation of Swedish Conservative and Liberal Students, as well as the Finnish Student Union of National Coalition Party Tuhatkunta and Belgium based Christen Democratische Studenten left the organisation since 2022. Later in 2023, due to different political views, Hungary based Fidelitas left the organisation. Meanwhile, French based Le Jeunes Républicains joined the organisation.

Current Executive Burreau (23/24)
Source:

Chairman: Beppe Galea (Malta)

Sec gen: Vladimir Kljajić (Serbia)

Vice-chairs:

 * Katerina Kyriakou (Cyprus)
 * Francesco Alimena (Italy)
 * Dora Miketek (Croatia)
 * Agata Czyzweska (Poland)
 * Ramon Riera (Spain)
 * Rayno D. Stoyanov (Bulgaria)
 * Axel Mouffron (France)
 * Iryna Shatokhina (Ukraine)

Chairmen

 * 1962–1964: Carl-Henrik Winqwist (Sweden)
 * 1964–1966: Dieter Ibielski (Germany)
 * 1966–1968: Reginald E. Simmerson (UK)
 * 1968–1970: Heikki S. von Hertzen (Finland)
 * 1970–1971: Ian Taylor (UK)
 * 1971–1972: Finn Braagaard (Denmark)
 * 1972–1974: Tom Spencer (UK)
 * 1974–1976: Carl Bildt (Sweden)
 * 1976–1978: Scott Hamilton (UK)
 * 1978–1979: Pierre Moinet (France)
 * 1979–1981: Lars Eskeland (Norway)
 * 1981–1982: Per Heister (Sweden)
 * 1982–1984: Knut Olav Nesse (Norway)
 * 1984–1985: Daniel Bischof (Switzerland)
 * 1985–1986: George Anagnostakos (Greece)
 * 1986–1988: Mattias Bengtsson (Sweden)
 * 1988–1989: Bettina Machaczek (Germany)
 * 1989–1991: Stavros Papastavrou (Greece)
 * 1991–1993: Laura de Esteban (Spain)
 * 1993–1994: Tim Arnold (Germany)
 * 1994–1995: Fredrik Johansson (Sweden)
 * 1995–1996: Andrew Reid (UK)
 * 1998–1999: Michalis Peglis (Greece)
 * 1999–2000: Ukko Metsola (Finland)
 * 2000–2001: Gustav Casparsson (Sweden)
 * 2001–2003: Jacob Lund Nielsen (Denmark)
 * 2003–2005: Alexandros Sinka (Cyprus)
 * 2005–2006: Sven Henrik Häseker (Germany)
 * 2006–2008: Ana Filipa Janine (Portugal)
 * 2008–2009: Thomas Uhlen (Germany)
 * 2009–2011: Bence Bauer (Hungary)
 * 2011–2013: Juraj Antal (Slovakia)
 * 2013–2015: Eva Majewski (Germany)
 * 2015–2017: Georgios Chatzigeorgiou (Cyprus)
 * 2017-2019: Virgilio Falco (Italy)
 * 2019-2021: Carlo Angrisano Girauta (Spain)
 * Since 2021: Beppe Galea (Malta)

Members
EDS has four categories of membership: Full members, observers, and additionally affiliate and associate members.

The full members are (founding members in bold)
 * 🇦🇹 Austria: AktionsGemeinschaft
 * 🇦🇱 Albania : Forumi Rinor i Partise Demokratike
 * 🇧🇪 Belgium: Génération Engagée
 * 🇧🇬 Bulgaria: Federation of Independent Student Societies
 * 🇧🇬 Bulgaria: Млади Граждани за Европейско Развитие на България (МГЕРБ)
 * 🇭🇷 Croatia: University Organisation of the Croatian Peasant Party
 * 🇨🇾 Cyprus: FPK Protoporia
 * 🇪🇪 Estonia: Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica Youth
 * 🇫🇷 France: Le Jeunes Républicains
 * Georgia: UYNM
 * 🇬🇷 Greece: Dimokratiki Ananeotiki Protoporia – Nea Dimokratiki Foititiki Kinissi
 * 🇮🇹 Italy: StudiCentro
 * 🇮🇹 Italy: Nuovo Centrodestra
 * Kosovo: Forumi Rinor i Lidhjes Demokratike te Kosoves
 * 🇱🇹 Lithuania: Young Conservative League
 * North Macedonia: Youth Forces Union of VMRO-DPMNE
 * 🇲🇹 Malta: Studenti Demokristjani Maltin
 * 🇲🇩 Moldova: Youth of the Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova
 * 🇳🇴 Norway: Students' League of the Conservative Party
 * 🇵🇱 Poland: Stowarzyszenie „Młodzi Demokraci”
 * 🇷🇴 Romania: Liberal Student Clubs
 * 🇷🇴 Romania: Hungarian Romanian Christian-Democrat Students of Romania
 * 🇷🇸 Serbia: Youth for Innovation
 * 🇸🇰 Slovakia: Občiansko Demokratická Mládež
 * 🇸🇮 Slovenia: Slovenian Academic Union
 * 🇪🇸 Spain: New Generations of the People's Party of Spain
 * 🇺🇦 Ukraine: Ukrainian Students Association
 * UK: Young Conservative European Forum

The Affiliate Members are:
 * 🇦🇲 Armenia: Youth of the Republican Party of Armenia
 * 🇱🇧 Lebanon: Lebanese Forces Students Association

The Observer Members are:

 * 🇲🇩 Moldova: Tinerii Partidului Popular European din Moldova

The Associated Member is:
 * 🇨🇿 Czech Republic: Young Conservatives (Czech Republic)

Policies
In a 2009 resolution, the organisation expressed its support for the Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism, calling for the condemnation of communism, and adopted the declaration's content as part of its general policy. "Communism as a totalitarian regime [...] can only distinct itself from Fascism and Nazism by a more recent expiry date and the consequent damage over time it was able to cause," the resolution said.

BullsEye magazine
From 1977 to 1997 EDS had an official magazine under the name of Taurus. In the year 1997 the magazine was reshuffled and a new name was adopted. Since then it became The BullsEye magazine and every Council Meeting counted with an issue of the magazine, with an editorial team that enlarged year after year reaching in 2019 the largest number of applicants. The magazine currently covers the European political present, the EU Agenda 2019-2024 and key topics of the future of Education.

In the year 2019 it reached its 77th issue, published during the EPP Congress in Zagreb.

Literature

 * Holger Thuss and Bence Bauer, Students on the Right Way. European Democrat Students 1961-2011, Brussels 2012, ISBN 978-9090266671

title: European Democrat Students


text:
Pallor mortis

Pallor mortis is the first stage of death that occurs in those with light/white skin. An opto-electronical colour measurement device is used to measure pallor mortis on bodies.

Timing and applicability
Pallor mortis occurs almost immediately, generally within 15–25 minutes, after death. Paleness develops so rapidly after death that it has little to no use in determining the time of death, aside from saying that it either happened less than 30 minutes ago or more, which could help if the body were found very soon after death.

Cause
Pallor mortis results from the collapse of capillary circulation throughout the body. Gravity then causes the blood to sink down into the lower parts of the body, creating livor mortis.

Similar paleness in living persons
A living person can look deathly pale, with such paleness often likened to death in figurative speech and in fiction. This can happen when blood escapes from the surface of the skin, in a matter of deep shock. Also heart failure (insufficientia cordis) can make the face appear pale; the person then might have blue lips. Skin can also become pale as a result of vasoconstriction as part of the body's homeostatic systems in cold conditions, or if the skin is deficient in vitamin D, as seen in people who spend most of the time indoors, away from sunlight.

title: Pallor mortis


text:
Glasgow University Student Television

Glasgow University Student Television (more commonly known as GUST) is the student television station at the University of Glasgow and the oldest student-run television station in the world, founded in 1964. GUST is affiliated with the National Student Television Association (NaSTA) and broadcasts a wide range of programmes, including creative and factual as well as annual Freshers’ Week coverage. It is one of the four mediums of student media at the University of Glasgow, along with the Glasgow Guardian, Glasgow University Magazine and Subcity Radio.

Founding
During interviews with current staff of the Media Production Unit at Glasgow University, it was revealed that the university's Television Service began operating in 1963. However, it is believed that Glasgow University Student Television (GUST) was founded in 1964. It is unclear when the name GUST was actually created, but it began being commonly used in the 1970s.

This means that GUST was the first student television station to be founded in the United Kingdom, and also the oldest student television station in Europe. There is a station in the United States that was founded before GUST, but this station was staff run for students. Thus, GUST is the oldest student-run television station in the world. Between 1966 and 1968, Glasgow University built a television studio in the basement of Southpark House in order to support teaching facilities. It was hoped that this new facility would be used for a student operated TV service made by students. This marked the beginning of GUST as a broadcasting station. To this day, GUST hold their weekly studios in these facilities to create videos.

1960s–1990s
GUST would originally broadcast a weekly live programme on a Friday lunchtime, cleverly titled “Lunchtime Friday,” which would run for about an hour and would be shown at 12:10pm and repeated at 1:10pm every Friday during term time. This content would be broadcast on the university's cable network so GUST programmes would reach every building on campus, and also many others outside the university. That then means GUST was broadcasting on the biggest cable network in Europe at the time.

GUST was a founding member of the National Student Television Association (NaSTA), helping establish the first awards ceremony in 1973. Notable past GUSTies include Steven Moffat and Andrew Neil, both of whom were members of the station during their time at the University of Glasgow.

Present day
GUST is shown on television screens around campus but also broadcasts their programming on their own website, gust.tv, which it has done since 2005. Alongside ongoing coverage of student life and goings-on in Glasgow as a whole, they cover Freshers' Week every year, including events organised by the Students' Representative Council, Glasgow University Union, Glasgow University Sports Association and Queen Margaret Union. Notably, GUST produces a Freshers' Guide each year that is streamed at the Freshers' Address given on the Monday of Freshers' Week.

In 2014, the university's production studio at Southpark House was upgraded to a full HD studio. GUST produces a variety of programmes, ranging from interviews with musicians and documentaries on cosplay and mental health, as well as much more. Some recent GUST series include Miscellanea, Surround Sound Live, Creative Conflict and Experimental Shorts.

Structure
GUST is managed by an executive team named the Top 4, composed of the Controller (the head of the station), Head of Creative Programming, Head of Factual Programming and Head of Technical. Unlike most British student television stations, the station chose to keep the name "Controller" as opposed to "Station Manager" to reflect the historical name for that position at the BBC. Producers, coordinators and convenors fall under the supervision of one of the members of the Top 4. There are four Creative producerships (Arts, Comedy/Drama, Music and Lifestyle), four Factual producerships (Clubs/Societies, News, Science and Sports), three technical positions (Assistant Technical Coordinator, Webmaster and Animation Producer) and three organisational positions (Social Convenor, Broadcast/Publicity Coordinator and Fundraising Convenor). Whilst producers focus on the creation of content, the various coordinators and convenors assist with the general functioning of the station.

Awards
Along with the many NaSTA awards that GUST has been able to obtain over the years, there are also many other awards that GUST have been fortunate enough to receive.

In 1977 and 1978, GUST won Best Float in the Charity's float competition. Their prize was a barrel of beer and GUST came out and apologised if this prize affected their video quality in any way.

In 1995, GUST were awarded 'The Stanley's: The Next Big Thing' in the Student category by the Royal Television Society. In 1998, two of GUST's videos were selected to be screened at the University of Glasgow International Student Film and Video Festival. These programmes were the Best of G-Spot and Best of GUST.

In 2016, GUST won Most Dedicated Member: Sarah Battensby (GUST) in Volunteering, Clubs and Societies Awards at the University of Glasgow.

At the most recent edition of the NaSTA awards (2019, Nottingham), GUST won Best Documentary & Factual. In 2018 (Sheffield) they received three Highly Commended awards for Best Writing, Best On-Screen Talent and Best Freshers' Coverage, and in 2017 (Birmingham) they won Best Male and Best Ident as well as received two Highly Commended awards for Best Open and Best Station Marketing.

title: Glasgow University Student Television


text:
User:Alex Ex

Useful links for myself

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To Do

 * upgrade Vegetarian nutrition with info from russian article
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Some of articles, categories, etc created by me

 * Cinema > Peter Sempel | Category:Austrian filmmakers | Halber Mensch (film) | Category:Films directed by Volker Schlöndorff | Rüdiger Vogler | Category:Georgian film directors | Category:Cinema of Georgia > now Category:Cinema of Georgia (country) | Otar Iosseliani | Kurt Kren | Ariane Schluter | Ro.Go.Pa.G. |
 * Music >Unlimited Edition (Can album) | Gry Bagøien (+Gry Bagoien, Gry (singer)) | Gry (band) | Æter (+Aeter) | Category:Einstürzende Neubauten | Alexander Hacke | Guru Guru | Mani Neumeier | Dieter Moebius | Meret Becker | Category:System of a Down | Category:Goran Bregović albums | Center (music band) | Vasily Shumov | 35007 | N.U. Unruh | Jochen Arbeit | Ethnic electronica | Template:EN | Einstürzende Neubauten logo | Sleaford Mods for the win!!! (2014)
 * Cuisine and food > Mazagran | Khmeli suneli | Category:Georgian cuisine | Bionade | Category:Dishes by main ingredient | Category:Eggplants | Category:Eggplant dishes |
 * Russia > Category:Novosibirsk | Category:People from Novosibirsk | Akademgorodok (disambiguation) | Category:Krasnoyarsk | Category:People from Krasnoyarsk |
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Countries

 * Germany and some other european countries
 * Russian Federation, former USSR

Lifestyle / nutrition

 * Veganism
 * Vegetarianism
 * Vegan cuisine

Science

 * Mathematic
 * Computer science, Informatics

de:User:Alex Ex fr:User:Alex Ex it:User:Alex Ex nl:Gebruiker:Alex Ex ru:User:Alex Ex simple:User:Alex Ex

title: User:Alex Ex


text:
Ahnapee River

The Ahnapee River is a 14.7 mi river on the Door Peninsula in eastern Wisconsin in the United States. It rises in Door County, Wisconsin, and flows through Kewaunee County into Lake Michigan at the city of Algoma. Its name has been ascribed as coming from the Ojibwe word aanapii meaning "when?".

Course
The Ahnapee rises in southern Door County and flows generally southeastwardly into northeastern Kewaunee County, past the village of Forestville, where it is dammed. Downstream of Forestville the river becomes a freshwater estuary of Lake Michigan and is paralleled by a rail trail called the Ahnapee State Trail. It joins Lake Michigan at the city of Algoma. The length of the river from Forestville to Algoma has ten public access points.

title: Ahnapee River


text:
User:Hawk1792

Hello I am Prateek Saxena

title: User:Hawk1792


text:
Talk:Keweenaw National Historical Park

[Untitled]
Re: Cleanup request. This article has been rewritten. Bigturtle 00:49, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

Congressional Legislation
From the Park's website,, the Findings in the Congressional legislation establishing the Park are:

(a) FINDINGS- The Congress finds that--
(1) The oldest and largest lava flow known on Earth is located on the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan. This volcanic activity produced the only place on Earth where large scale economically recoverable 97 percent pure native copper is found. (2) The Keweenaw Peninsula is the only site in the country where prehistoric, aboriginal mining of copper occurred. Artifacts made from this copper by these ancient Indians were traded as far south as present day Alabama. (3) Copper mining on the Keweenaw Peninsula pioneered deep shaft, hard rock mining, milling, and smelting techniques and advancements in related mining technologies later used throughout the world. (4) Michigan Technological University, located in the copper district, was established in 1885 to supply the great demand for new technologies and trained engineers requested by the area's mining operations. Michigan Technological University possesses a wealth of both written and photographic historic documentation of the mining era in its archives. (5) Michigan's copper country became a principal magnet to European immigrants during the mid-1800's and the cultural heritage of these varied nationalities is still preserved in this remarkable ethnic conglomerate. (6) The corporate-sponsored community planning in Calumet, Michigan, as evidenced in the architecture, municipal design, surnames, foods, and traditions, and the large scale corporate paternalism was unprecedented in American industry and continues to express the heritage of the district. (7) The entire picture of copper mining on Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula is best represented by three components: the Village of Calumet, the former Calumet and Hecla Mining Company properties (including the Osceola #13 mine complex), and the former Quincy Mining Company properties. The Village of Calumet best represents the social, ethnic, and commercial themes. Extant Calumet and Hecla buildings best depict corporate paternalism and power, and the themes of extraction and processing are best represented by extant structures of the Quincy Mining Company. (8) The Secretary of the Interior has designated two National Historic Landmark Districts in the proposed park area, the Calumet National Historic Landmark District and the Quincy Mining Company National Historic Landmark District.

(b) PURPOSES- The purposes of this Act are--
(1) to preserve the nationally significant historical and cultural sites, structures, and districts of a portion of the Keweenaw Peninsula in the State of Michigan for the education, benefit, and inspiration of present and future generations; and (2) to interpret the historic synergism between the geological, aboriginal, sociological, cultural technological, and corporate forces that relate the story of copper on the Keweenaw Peninsula. (Included as a reference for the statement currently in the lede) Andrew Jameson (talk) 13:28, 12 February 2010 (UTC)

Largest lava flow on earth?
"Largest lava flow on earth" is clearly wrong. In Russia they have one (Siberian Traps) that is bigger than the 48 states which messed up the earth for millions of years when it happened. It may be right that Congress made the wrong statement, but we should clarify somewhere. North8000 (talk) 11:43, 24 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Actually my brother-in-law is a geologist at Michigan Tech who's studied the lava flow under the Keweenaw and indeed when it was active, it was the largest lava flow. Perhaps not currently or the biggest ever yes, but the biggest at the time. For compromise, why don't we agree that Congress got it wrong AND it was the largest at the time (not necessarily ever). Would that be acceptable? 67.247.147.56 (talk) 01:40, 17 June 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091002091904/http://hunts-upguide.com/chassell_chassell_heritage_center.html to http://hunts-upguide.com/chassell_chassell_heritage_center.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100120085937/http://www.einerlei.com/community/CHO.html to http://www.einerlei.com/community/CHO.html
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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090908093121/http://uppermichigan.com/coppertown/exhibits.html to http://www.uppermichigan.com/coppertown/exhibits.html
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title: Talk:Keweenaw National Historical Park


text:
Talk:Windsor, Berkshire/Archive 1

The proposed target for the move altered at 20:30, 4 October 2005 by Francs2000

Requested move
Windsor should disambiguate, as Windsor, Ontario is at least as notable as the subject of this article.

 * Support -- SwissCelt 14:20, 3 October 2005 (UTC) As amended- see below.
 * Oppose -- Windsor is synonymous throughout the world with its 1,000 year old royal residence. Its history and importance is far greater than any other place of the same name. MRSC 14:30, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: The subject of this article is the town, not the royal residence.  There already is an article about the royal residence, at Windsor Castle.  Perhaps Windsor should redirect to that? -- SwissCelt 14:53, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Windsor, its castle and its royal house are famous throughout the world. Windsor, Ontario, may be bigger, but it's nowhere near as significant historically or as well-known. -- Necrothesp 15:23, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose --I agree with the comments of Mrsteviec and Necrothesp above. If people want to find other meanings of Windsor they can go to the disambiguation page. Secondly, on the basis of it's political and cultural importance, Windsor deserves it's own entry on the same basis as Oxford, Cambridge and London and many other historic places.  If Windsor is changed then it is setting a precedent and all such places should be disambiguated which would be a time-consuming and pedantic waste of time.Vivenot 15:30, 3 October 2005 (UTC) as amended below.
 * Oppose on two main grounds - The subject of this article, with a whole millennium of history to its name, is considerably more notable than Windsor, Ontario. The subject of this article is also the original use of the word Windsor that has been replicated throughout the world.  Incidentally if it is moved it should not be moved to Windsor, England because that goes against naming conventions that have a taken a lot of work to put right - the correct name would be Windsor, Berkshire. -- Francs2000 [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px|  ]] 15:48, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * comment doesn't the castle predate the town? And isn't the proper naming convention for English towns, xxx, England ?132.205.45.110 18:40, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * No the town predates the castle (at least it's name does). And the naming convention afaik is xxx, County. -- Francs2000 [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px|  ]] 21:12, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Besides which the problem with calling it Windsor, England is that there is also a Windsor in Cornwall and Lincolnshire, both of which are in England. -- Francs2000 [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px| ]] 21:28, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Let's not have the tail wagging the dog.--Mais oui! 18:32, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support it needs to disambig between Windsors - England, Ontario, Castle (England), Family (Royal House of England), Station (Montreal), etc. 132.205.45.110 18:37, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Such a page exists here Windsor (disambiguation). It is as yet unclear what is to be gained by moving Windsor, the original use of the name, from its current position. MRSC 19:00, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support --[[Image:Ottawa flag.png|20px]] Spinboy 19:05, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. This discussion is backwards. Here is the guideline:
 * Some topics have a primary topic which editors agree is the primary meaning for the term (Rome, for example). In this case the disambiguation page is named Rome (disambiguation), and the primary topic keeps the topic word or phrase. Ensure that the disambiguation page links not to the primary meaning, but to an unambiguous meaning (Rome, Italy rather than Rome, for example). The ambiguous meaning might redirect to the unambiguous meaning, or visa versa. In other cases, where there is no such consensus, disambiguation pages are named after the topic itself (Table, for example).
 * There is obviously no consensus here, so the disambig page should be at Windsor. — mendel ☎ 19:23, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support as per Mendel. Zhatt  19:54, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support disambig. This discussion is backwards (as per Mendel).  Move should have been done and not requested.  —  [[Image:Ca-on-sb.gif|20px|Flag of Scarborough, ON, Canada]] UTSRelativity (Talk)  20:17, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Admittedly it's not Athens or Alexandria, but it's still "the primary meaning for the term". –Hajor 20:28, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose - Rubbish. Practically nobody in Australia has heard of Windsor Ontario. Jooler 20:37, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. (but Windsor, Berkshire not Windsor, England). cf Perth where both Perth, Australia and Perth, Scotland have good claims to be the primary topic, the first on size grounds and the second on historical grounds. In that case which is similar to the Windsor one, we agreed to make Perth a disambiguation page some time ago. And so it has remained despite occasional efforts to change it one way or the other. -- Derek Ross | Talk 20:39, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support The issue is not whether a group of people in one region knows of a particular context of Windsor, but rather how many such groups exist, and their numbers. In north-eastern North America (and most of Canada, obviously), the term Windsor is overwhelmingly associated with the Canadian city for several reasons, primarily its association with the NA auto industry and as a major throughway for trade between Canada and mid-western USA. Roughly 60-80 million people make this association, at a minimum. In this case, I think there is sufficient reason to use Windsor as a disambiguation page. Mindmatrix 20:58, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * No it's what most people are looking for when they look up the word Windsor. Take a look at the "what links here" to this page and then to the other Windsors. Clearly with a thousand years of history attached to it the VAST majority of links for Windsor are going to be for this one. This topic deserves primary disambiguation. Jooler 21:19, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually they're about the same (what links here) -- Francs2000 [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px| ]] 21:34, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Eh? There's less than 50 links to Windsor Ontario, and several hundred for Windsor Berkshire Jooler 21:47, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Well I don't know what you've been looking at but I count over 300. -- Francs2000 [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px| ]] 22:13, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not the length of history that affects the distribution of links to this page; it's that the majority of links are already directed to the currently existing titles. Most links to this page are intended for the Windsor in Berkshire because the Windsor in Berkshire is the existing topic of this page, and the majority of links intended for Windsor, Ontario already point directly to Windsor, Ontario. In other words, this is an entirely tautological argument which has no bearing on the matter. Bearcat 23:53, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You misunderstood. I referring to the number of links to each page. But as it turns out I miscounted anyway. Jooler 22:12, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You say, Roughly 60-80 million people make this association, at a minimum. In this case, I think there is sufficient reason to use Windsor as a disambiguation page. What about the 60 to 80 million Brits who naturally associate Windsor with the town in England, leave alone the countless millions of other individuals around the world whose primary association is with the town with the castle in it?  It feels to me that there is a bit of North American bias going on here. -- Francs2000 [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px|  ]] 21:34, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * No, it would be a North American bias if people were arguing in favour of Windsor, Ontario owning the undisambiguated title Windsor, but that's not what's being requested here. What's being requested is a disambiguation page. Bearcat 23:57, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The current situation is a pro-UK bias; moving this article and putting thr dab page here would correct that. But obviously, a pro-UK bias is a good thing, since it helps cancel out the pro-Merkin bias that everything online must automatically be assumed to have. -- AJR 01:51, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Personally, I would think of the House of Windsor, Windsor Castle and Windsor, Ontario before Windsor, England - Jord 22:02, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support with move to Windsor, Berkshire in line with naming conventions, rather than to Windsor, England. Rationale as per Mendel.  Being a Brit, I think of "our" Windsor first, but from looking around online, Windsor, Ontario seems to be just as notable. -- AJR 01:51, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose: It is not the case that the north-eastern United States thinks first of Windsor, Ontario. I would believe it of Michigan; but it is false of Massachusetts or Pennsylvania. Since the argument of numbers is fallacious (and in any case, it is an Anglo-American dialect argument,which is deprecated), the question is whether the dab page is more convenient at Windsor or Windsor (disambiguation).With all due respect to Windsor, Ontario, more people looking for Windsor want this page, if only because many of those looking for "Windsor, Ontario" are searching with that phrase. Septentrionalis
 * Support making this page a dab page. I think of Windsor in reference to the castle and the "house of..". The town in isolation isn't that interesting. Secretlondon 04:03, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support move to Windsor, Berkshire and creation of disambig. While I appreciate the significant history of the original place, the economic and geographical importance of other places of that name weigh it out. Radagast 12:31, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I Support the move to Windsor, Berkshire and not Windsor, England - I initially opposed to the whole idea because I thought it was just down to the Ontario versus the Berkshire options, however bearing in mind that the terms Windsor Castle and House of Windsor are just as popular if not more so then moving the disambig page to Windsor would probably be the best option. -- Francs2000 [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px| ]] 17:14, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I would support the dab page, but not solely because of Windsor, Ontario. Windsor Castle, House of Windsor and two other Windsors in England alone strongly suggest that the primary title should be the dab. But also support Windsor, Berkshire. Proposer needs to be aware that when disambiguation is necessary for English towns and cities, they should be to Town, County, not Town, England. Bearcat 18:47, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Proposer supports the proposal as amended. (This supersedes my initial vote.)  -- SwissCelt 05:30, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment - I have altered the target page for the move in the initial proposal above to Windsor, Berkshire so that the move is in line with Wikipedia naming conventions for British places. -- Francs2000 [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px| ]] 20:34, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Primary topic. Proteus (Talk) 21:57, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support the dab page. --Angelo 22:14, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, keep with primary topic disambiguation. James F. (talk) 00:24, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, the Windsor with the castle must be the place that I expect to see if I go for Windsor. Andreww 11:32, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I'd support this move even if Windsor, Ontario didn't exist.  I would contend that 'Windsor' in UK media usage usually means the castle, not the town.  Morwen - Talk 15:58, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Support as suggested by User:Bearcat. I am thinking in terms of a potential wikipedia user who wants to look up Windsor. They might be looking for the castle, the royal family, any of the towns in England or Windsor, Ontario. We have no way of knowing which. A dab page would point them in the right direction and inform them of the other uses of the name. So, it is not an (unresolvable) issue of relative notability but of usability as an encyclopaedia. Luigizanasi 16:53, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support I have changed my mind and now support the move to Windsor, Berkshire in line with the naming conventions for British places. Vivenot 14:09, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I think it is unfortunate that in proposing this change, SwissCelt chose to talk about notability. This change has absolutely nothing to do with notability, and everything to do with usability of the encyclopedia. Some places are so universally well known that formal disambiguation seems pedantic and hence gets in the way of usability. For example, only a dolt or a perverse pedant would be confused by an unqualified reference to 'London' or 'New York'. It is clear from the debate above that 'Windsor' does not fall into this category, and properly disambiguating both the major contenders is the correct way to go forward. -- Chris j wood 14:25, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I did so because this article has apparently been at both Windsor, England and Windsor, Berkshire.  However, someone has moved it to its present location, thus preventing the move back without an administrator's intervention.  Notability is thus an issue, as the alternative uses of "Windsor" will need to be of sufficient notability to overcome the bias towards primary topic disambiguation.  I believe that they are of sufficient notability; not just Windsor, Ontario, but House of Windsor, Windsor Castle, etc. -- SwissCelt 20:14, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Support as Windsor is more associated with House of Windsor than with the town. --Monkbel 10:11, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support move to Windsor, Berkshire on usability grounds. — Dale Arnett 22:05, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I'm currently counting 8 for oppose and 22 for support. When will the change be made? Zhatt  18:57, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. The castle is more famous than the town in Berkshire. -Hapsiainen 19:15, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

User:UTSRelativity moved Windsor to Windsor, Berkshire at 20:35, October 12, 2005 -- Zhatt 17:28, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Windsor, Berkshire/Archive 1


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User:Hanenkamp

See my website for details. I don't need to maintain yet another page...

title: User:Hanenkamp


text: Template:Action-videogame-stub

title: Template:Action-videogame-stub


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Jeff Ooi

Ooi Chuan Aun (born 2 November 1955 ), better known as Jeff Ooi, is a Malaysian IT consultant, blogger, photographer and politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Jelutong for two terms from March 2008 to May 2018.

He is a member of the Heritage Party (WARISAN) and was a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) opposition coalitions and a member of the Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN), then component party of the ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.

Early life
Ooi is from a small town in the northern Malaysian state of Kedah. He was brought up among rural teenagers and is trilingual, fluent in Mandarin, English and Malay.

Blog and internet activity
Jeff Ooi used to write a blog known as "Screenshots...", which he started on 2 January 2003, covering current issues relating to Malaysia, mainly on politics. From time to time, it also touches on international news and photography.

Jeff Ooi's blog was described as "Malaysia's Most Influential Blog" by Malaysiakini, a local online news publication known for its different stance to the mainstream media. In 2005, Screenshots won in the Asia category of the Freedom Blogs Awards given by Reporters Without Borders.

Ooi is also the administrator at a photography forum called Lensa Malaysia, which receives 200,000-page views per month. He is also the founder and administrator of UEP Subang Jaya and Subang Jaya's community forum usj.com.my, and was hired by CNET Asia as a tech blogger alongside other CNET Asia bloggers. He named his CNET Asia blog Lemak Lemang, a reference to Lemang, coconut-flavoured sticky rice stuffed in a bamboo stick traditionally prepared by Malays.

Political career (2006-present)
In 2006, it was reported by The Star, a local English language daily, that Ooi was among several local bloggers being approached by the opposition Democratic Action Party (DAP) to run for public office. Ooi, who was at the time a member of Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN), a component party of the ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, stated that it was "too premature at this point" for him to consider entering active politics.

He joined DAP on 31 July 2007. Ooi stood as a DAP candidate in the 2008 general election for a seat in Jelutong, Penang, which he won by 16,246 votes. He retained his seat in the 2013 general election. Ooi was dropped by DAP as a candidate in the 2018 general election.

On 22 January 2022, he was present at a Heritage Party (WARISAN) event namely "Warisan Unity Night" and revealed his hope that his application to join WARISAN would be considered. On 24 January 2022, he was confirmed to have joined WARISAN and been appointed as the state coordinator of WARISAN of Penang He claim more Penang DAP leaders set to join Warisan which hope to contest all federal and state seats of Penang in the next general and state elections (GE15).

Lawsuit as blogger
On 11 January 2007, Ooi, alongside Ahirudin Attan, was sued by the New Straits Times Press (NSTP). The Malaysian court ordered Ooi to remove more than 10 posts on his blog that the NSTP claimed were libellous by 17 January. Ooi was prohibited from republishing the posts on his blog or anywhere else on the internet until the resolution of the defamation suit. The lawsuits were the first of their kind in Malaysia. Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi defended the legal action launched against Ooi, saying the Internet was not exempt from defamation laws. This lawsuit spawned the 'Bloggers United' campaign to defend bloggers and freedom of expression. Jeff Ooi and Ahirudin chose to defend themselves in court. The situation resulted in various newspapers covering Malaysian blogging. A fund was also set up to protect bloggers and support their activities.

Islamic extremist remarks
In early August 2009, Ooi had labelled Mohd Razali Abdullah, a Penang Island Municipal Council (MPPP) councillor, an Islamic extremist. This caused a public scandal, especially from within the Muslim community, because Razali was a member of Jamaah Islah Malaysia (JIM), a registered organisation with close ties with Ooi's own party's youth wing, the Penang DAP Socialist Youth. His comments were interpreted as claiming that Syariah Law was extreme and that Muslims are extremists. The Chief Minister of Penang, Lim Guan Eng, ordered Ooi to retract his statements and apologise publicly, which Ooi eventually did after initially refusing. However, he did not offer an apology and continued criticising Razali, calling him "a political burden to the state government". The Islamic religious leaders association of Penang (Persatuan Ulama' Malaysia cawangan Pulau Pinang) subsequently launched a petition to demand that Ooi resign from office for his comments about Muslims and Islam in Malaysia.

Disdain slurs
In November 2013, Ooi had drawn flak by calling  'kucing kurap'  (literally mangy cats) two MPPP officers accompanying him as Jelutong MP during his visit to an illegal hawker site when he was unsatisfied with them who were ill-informed. Ooi had apologised for his controversial remark later after DAP chairman Karpal Singh had rebuked and called on him to publicly apologise.

title: Jeff Ooi


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Geoff Senior

Geoff Senior (born 1960) is a British artist, best known for his work in the comic book field in the 1980s, mainly for Marvel UK. Senior is perhaps best known for his art for the Marvel Transformers series.

Biography
Senior illustrated the 1985 book Space Assassin. He debuted on the British Transformers title drawing #42, and became one of the title's most prolific and popular artists (always inking his own pencils), thanks to his geometric style, which perfectly suited the dynamics of the series. He worked on a number of other titles for Marvel UK, including Doctor Who Magazine (1988), Dragon's Claws (which he co-created with Simon Furman, and drew all ten issues of), Death's Head (another character he helped create, initially as a guest star for Transformers) and Action Force Weekly, as well as several Marvel UK annuals. He followed Furman across to Marvel USA in 1989, drawing Transformers US #61, and four more issues before the title's cancellation, including the classic #75. He drew several other titles in the early 1990s, including Hell's Angel (later renamed as Dark Angel) and several issues of What If...?, as well as returning to Transformers for the final few issues of Transformers Generation 2.

Since then, Senior has largely worked in advertising, though he has returned to Transformers on occasion, for the 1997 BotCon convention comic Reaching the Omega Point, two illustrations for the Transforce convention book Alignment, several covers for Titan Publishing's series of Transformers trade paperbacks, and the cover of issue 1 for Panini's 2003 UK title Transformers Armada.

The Senior/Furman team returned for the first issue of Titan Comics' (UK) Transformers in August 2007, in which Senior produced the art for a new story based on the live-action movie characters and events (subsequently reprinted by IDW Publishing in the US).

From 2012 to 2014, Senior provided retailer-incentive variant covers for IDW's Transformers: Regeneration One comics, which continued the Marvel U.S. Transformers series, and was a contributing interior artist to Regeneration One #0.

In 2019 Senior and Simon Furman started their own company, Forged by Fire Productions, for the purpose of publishing their own comic, To the Death.

title: Geoff Senior


text: Category:Action game stubs

title: Category:Action game stubs


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Wind brace

In architecture, wind braces are diagonal braces to tie the rafters of a roof together and prevent racking. In medieval roofs they are arched, and run from the principal rafters to catch the purlins.

title: Wind brace


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Wickham, Western Australia

Wickham is a town located 1,572 km north of Perth and 13 km north of Roebourne in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. In 2016 Wickham had a population of 2,295 people. Aboriginal people made up 17.2% of the population, five times the state average.

History
Wickham was established in 1970 by Cliffs Robe River Iron Associates (Robe) and named after John Clements Wickham, the captain of HMS Beagle, who surveyed the north-west coast in 1840.

The town's first permanent buildings were completed in 1970 by Robe to support its iron-ore mine at Pannawonica, and pelletising plant and shiploading at Cape Lambert. The majority of the residences and facilities in town are owned by Rio Tinto. Wickham was originally a closed company town but from 1980 has been jointly administered by Robe and the Shire of Roebourne. In August 2000 Rio Tinto acquired a majority interest in the Robe River Iron Associates joint venture and in 2012 established a new Wickham South subdivision that included 212 new dwellings, 25 residential lots, and 198 new FIFO accommodation units.

Notable people

 * Amber Bradley, rower
 * Don Fergusson, rower and police officer
 * Tanya Oxtoby, soccer coach and former player

title: Wickham, Western Australia


text: User talk:81.77.170.188

title: User talk:81.77.170.188


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Talk:Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore

Colours
Amusingly, Bing had a beautiful picture of the cliff faces with a hint to come to this article to find out where the colours of the rock face come from. And there is no description here. Could somebody with knowledge add it please. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.209.70.156 (talk) 14:01, 4 March 2010 (UTC)
 * See geology and history section Chris Light (talk) 15:41, 23 April 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore


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User talk:Tclsouza

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Qaz ( talk ) 14:19, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Tclsouza