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Pain scale

A pain scale measures a patient's pain intensity or other features. Pain scales are a common communication tool in medical contexts, and are used in a variety of medical settings. Pain scales are a necessity to assist with better assessment of pain and patient screening. Pain measurements help determine the severity, type, and duration of the pain, and are used to make an accurate diagnosis, determine a treatment plan, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Pain scales are based on trust, cartoons (behavioral), or imaginary data, and are available for neonates, infants, children, adolescents, adults, seniors, and persons whose communication is impaired. Pain assessments are often regarded as "the 5th vital sign".

A patient's self-reported pain is so critical in the pain assessment method that it has been described as the "most valid measure" of pain. The focus on patient report of pain is an essential aspect of any pain scale, but there are additional features that should be included in a pain scale. In addition to focusing on the patient's perspective, a pain scale should also be free of bias, accurate and reliable, able to differentiate between pain and other undesired emotions, absolute not relative, and able to act as a predictor or screening tool.

Pain
Pain is a complex experience with both sensory and emotional elements that typically indicates a potential issue in the nervous system. It alerts organisms to potential injuries and medical conditions that may require medical assistance. The sensation of pain is an unpleasant or discomforting feeling that can manifest as sensations such as pricking, tingling, burning, stinging, shooting, aching, or electric. Pain can vary in intensity, from very mild to very severe; duration, short-lived to chronic; and location, one localized area or all over the body.

There are three different types of pain based on the duration of the sensations: acute, episodic, and chronic. The most common are acute and chronic. Acute pain occurs suddenly, is sharp, and goes away once the issue is treated. Acute pain is caused by things like broken bones, childbirth, strained muscles, or burns. Episodic pain occurs irregularly from time to time. It may be caused by underlying medical conditions or it can come out of nowhere. Chronic pain is pain that is consistent for at least 3 months. Acute pain can become chronic, however, there usually is no known cause for chronic pain. Chronic pain can have negative effects on relationships, daily living, work, extracurricular activities, etc.

The experience of pain is extremely unique for an individual, as all people feel pain differently. As a result of this, self-reporting is the best and most common practice for describing pain to medical personnel.

History
The practice of measuring pain has been a topic in research since the late 1800s. There were many methods used for assessing the intensity of pain, in humans as well as animals, using electrical, mechanical, and heat stimuli. Over time these methods have evolved; however, there were limitations to these historical methods. The limitations were in addressing the dimensions of pain duration, modality, locus, and response type. The main focus at the time was on acute pain rather than chronic pain. Researchers and clinicians are more interested in information on chronic pain due to its longevity. The locus of pain also differs between clinical and experimental settings; clinical pain is usually deeper while experimental pain is superficial. Furthermore, the response type to pain can contribute to further challenges for interpretation in both preclinical and clinical research.

The Dolorimeter, created in 1940 at Cornell University, was one of the first methods used to gather information on pain threshold and tolerance. The instrument applied steady pressure, heat, or electrical stimuli to measure sensations of pain. Beecher was one of the first to suggest something other than the dolorimeter; he suggested that clinical pain be measured by its relief using subjective ratings. Numerical rating scales (NRS), verbal rating scales (VRS), and visual analog scales (VAS) on a 10-cm continuum are the scales used to attain these ratings. Melzack and Torgerson developed the McGill Pain Questionnaire which rates pain quantitatively by sensory, evaluative, and affective descriptors. These are things like burning, shooting, and agonizing.

There have been many methods developed that use observational techniques where pain is evaluated by others. Such a method, for example, is the FLACC scale. It is for young children who are too young to be able to tell anyone how they feel. It measures facial expressions, leg position, activity, crying, and concealability on a 0–2 scale.

Pain assessment
There are many different instruments used to assess both the intensity of pain as well as the effect of pain. A few are listed below:

Numeric rating scale
The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11) is an 11-point scale for patient self-reporting of pain. It is based solely on the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and can be used for adults and children 10 years old or older.

Pain interferes with a person's ability to perform ADLs. Pain also interferes with a person's ability to concentrate, and to think. A sufficiently strong pain can be disabling on a person's concentration and coherent thought, even though it is not strong enough to prevent that person's performance of ADLs. However, there is no system available for measuring concentration and thought.

Verbal rating scale
The verbal rating scale (VRS) is a pain measurement tool that uses adjectives to express various levels of pain. The scale is rated similarly from no pain at all to the most extreme pain ever felt. When doing clinical trials there is usually a four-to six-point VRS. There are a few limitations to this scale. Some people might find it hard to accurately express their pain with the limited number of options to choose from. Interpretation of the options is also a potential issue, as people could interpret them all differently.

Visual analog scale
The visual analog scale is a visual scale that has two endpoints: "no pain" and "pain is as bad as it could be". When it was first created people had to physically write their answers on the scale. There are mechanical ones now to make the scoring of them easier.

Partial list of pain measurement scales

 * Alder Hey Triage Pain Score
 * Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS)
 * Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)
 * Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators (CNPI)
 * Clinical Global Impression (CGI)
 * COMFORT scale
 * Color Scale for Pain
 * Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT)
 * Dallas Pain Questionnaire
 * Descriptor differential scale (DDS)
 * Dolorimeter Pain Index (DPI)
 * Edmonton Symptom Assessment System
 * Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability scale
 * Faces Pain Scale – Revised (FPS-R)
 * Global Pain Scale
 * Lequesne algofunctional index: a composite measure of pain and disability, with separate self-report questionnaires for hip and knee OA (osteoarthritis):
 * Original index (1987)
 * 1991 revision
 * 1997 revision
 * Mankoski Pain Scale
 * McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)
 * Multiple Pain Rating Scales
 * Neck Pain and Disability Scale –NPAD
 * Numerical 11 point box (BS-11)
 * Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11)
 * Oswestry Disability Index
 * Palliative Care Outcome Scale (PCOS)
 * Roland-Morris Back Pain Questionnaire
 * Support Team Assessment Schedule (STAS)
 * Wharton Pain and Impairment Numeric Scale (Wharton PAIN Scale)
 * Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale
 * Visual analog scale (VAS)

Specialized tests

 * Abbey pain scale for people with end-stage dementia
 * AUSCAN: Disease-Specific, to assess hand osteoarthritis outcomes.
 * Colorado Behavioral Numerical Pain Scale (for sedated patients)
 * CPOT For those who can't self report
 * Osteoarthritis Research Society International-Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials (OARSI-OMERACT) Initiative, New OA Pain Measure: Disease-Specific, Osteoarthritis Pain
 * Oucher Scale for Pediatrics
 * Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD)
 * Pediatric Pain Questionnaire (PPQ) for measuring pain in children
 * Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) for measuring pain in premature infants
 * Schmidt Sting Pain Index and Starr sting pain scale both for insect stings
 * WOMAC : Disease-Specific, to assess knee osteoarthritis outcomes.

In endometriosis
The most common pain scale for quantification of endometriosis-related pain is the visual analogue scale (VAS). A review came to the conclusion that VAS and numerical rating scale (NRS) were the best adapted pain scales for pain measurement in endometriosis. For research purposes, and for more detailed pain measurement in clinical practice, the review suggested use of VAS or NRS for each type of typical pain related to endometriosis (dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia and non-menstrual chronic pelvic pain), combined with the clinical global impression (CGI) and a quality of life scale.

title: Pain scale


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Talk:Ōkami/Archive 1

Similarities to Zelda: Unnecessary?
Something just doesn't seem right about that portion of the entry. If it were just a passing comment in one of the other sections that would be fine, but an entirely new section seems a little extreme. Comments like: "Smashable pots" in relation to the Zelda series is rediculous. Thats like comparing almost every FPS to Goldeneye because they both have exploding barrels. Almost sounds like fanboyism. --MajorCOW 22:20, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

I think it's fair to mention that Okami and Zelda have a number of similar elements, such that most reviews can be summarized as "Zelda for PS2". But there doesn't need to be a breakdown exactly of every commonality - it's just that "Zelda for PS2" alone should adequetely get across the type of game it is rather well. If such a list becomes necessary, that probably should fall under the Reviews or Critiques section, but outside of Gameplay --Masem 8:30, 12 October 2006

Japanese Sales
The game sold horribly in japan(at least initially), anyone have anymore detailed information about that? Hitmaker 00:55, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

okami
what is the story line ? if you think about it, it is actullay about those gods who are trying to bring back the color of the world.

But, until now there are no further info about all this, what we know is so littele , wich makes us think , maybe the game does not offer to much ? ..........
 * I actually know absolutely nothing about the storyline, but based on the OST, the main villian is a "Lord of Eternal Darkness", while one of the ending themes is "Okami White Light Majesty"..color makes sense then, since black is the absence of color and white is all the colors in the spectrum.—ウルタプ 22:04, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Is the story line supposed to be written in present or in past tense? Please choose one or the other.

Release date
Whoever is changing the date for the U.S to September 20, please stop. Both GameInformer and Gamestop say it is coming out the 5th, several American magazines have already reviewed it, they ussually dont get games that far in advance,thank you.

 * I reverted the dates back to the 19th. Both IGN and GameSpot both have their release dates on the 19th. And besides, magazines aren't up-to-date with their news. --Snkcube 07:56, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Err, IGN isn't always right. Alot of DS games have the release date as December 31 in Japan, when most of those games are already out in Japan. I've found that GameInformer and Gamestop ussualy get their dates correct. -- DaxterKing

 * I'm starting to believe that the 19th is the correct date. GameFAQs and even Game Informer (check their site) also have the 19th as its release date. And also, GameStop has its release date on the 19th as well. --Snkcube 08:15, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Capcom has stated on their US website, under the release dates section, that Okami will be released in America on the 19th of September. The Publisher is to be believed above all other sources as they determine when a game is going to be released. --VerasGunn

Ok, guess I was wrong. The latest issue of GI said the 5th and Gamestop just changed the date.Sorry-- DaxterKing

 * It's not a big deal. People make mistakes. ;) --Snkcube 07:33, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

Story
Isn't Amaterasu a reincarnation of Shiranui, not the god/dess him/herself?

It states in the game that OKami is the reborn Shiranui, but the godess gave the last of her strength to him =/
 * She's both. <_<

 * Amateratsu was Shiranui, and is. Before the game, she was the original wolf whom the villagers named Shiranui. She is brought back by means of Sakuya, a Wood nymph, who uses the last of her power to bring Amateratsu back into the physical world.

 * the white wolf did not choose the target of the sacrifice as stated, it patrolled the village at night and its motives were unknown.

where's the "this is about a product not out yet" thing at the top?
this is usually here but its not anymore its coming out the 19th so it should be there until its out
 * Looks like we need not worry now!

Buddha Board/ Art Board
"For those who preordered the game, the game came with a limited edition art board/buddha."

The Buddha Board/ Art Board was a preorder special only from EB Games and Gamestop. If the game was preodered else where, it never came with Art board / Buddha Board. I would change this myself but I lack resources to prove this.

 * You're right about the pre-order special only from those two stores. I re-worded the sentence so it makes more sense. --Snkcube 07:52, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

Trivia changes
I don't find the recent change of the Trivia section necessary. There are numerous parodies, cameos, and tie ins to numerous games. Many of which are extremely precise and tying them all under a single statement seems to go against the point of that entire section. Am I the only one that feels this way? VerasGunn 21:01, 3 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Maybe, but on the other hand, trivia sections should be used sparingly. Having a list of unincorporated (if exact) quotes tends to encourage people to expand it with just about every funny line and reference they encounter, which in turn can result in a rather large trivia section.  --Stratadrake 12:45, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, that is understandable. I thank you for answering my question. VerasGunn 06:28, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Though if you want, specifically mentioning just one or two of the references (e.g., "such as the 'Let's rock, baby!' ") shouldn't hurt any.... --Stratadrake 12:37, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Would a "List of characters in Ōkami" article be appropriate?
The game has quite a large number of characters, and it could make this article look cluttered.24.97.33.132 15:50, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, a "Characters in Ōkami" article would be great, because as the person above me said, listing more than just the main characters would definitely make the main article cluttered. Go for it! If nobody does it, I'm up for the challenge. Accelagirl 16:13, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Donezors, though it's very stubby right now. I plan for the format to be "Character [Title]". So "Sakuya [Wood Sprite]". Like that. Glad someone liked the idea. WVI 17:00, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Unsure. Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information; in-game characters with incidental (very minor) appearances may not even be worth mentioning -- though I'm no judge on where to draw the line.  (Haven't played the game.) --Stratadrake 23:33, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Given the nature of the game, borrowing heavily from Japanese mythology and history, I think that minor characters that can be linked to other Wikipedia articles that explain the origin of the character would be wise. (eg the Bamboo daughter, or the 1000 swords guy (names slip right now) - both have minor roles but have already been linked into the knowledge already here.  But all minor characters, as noted, would be silly - there's probably too many to start with. Masem 15:09, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Ōkami has a lot of characters regardless. >_> It'd still clutter.WVI 02:42, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

Amaterasu's Gender Indeterminate?
I'm not so sure it would be good to state an assumption about Amaterasu's gender on the wiki page. Even if it's based on artwork for "Golden Fury", artwork isn't quite the best source for information as nothing is directly stated. In the game, the wolf lifts its leg to perform "Golden Fury". In real life, only the alpha male does this in a wolf pack (and females and subordinate males squat). Amaterasu is referred to as a mother (as the embodiment of the reincarnation) and many times as a he. With the vagueness of gender reference in Japanese language, the gender might not be specified at all. Or it could be the same, alternating between male and female references. Gods have been just as capable as Goddesses of being "mothers" and "sources of life" in mythology.

I'm not saying I know for a fact Oukami Amaterasu is female/male/both/neither/indeterminate or anything, but I think that the quip about it being a female shouldn't be there as a "safe to assume" fact. I'm hesitant to remove it myself, because of my lack of evidence. At the same time, no definite sources on the information (other than concept artwork) have been cited yet. If someone puts up a definite citation, I'll be content. :) Accelagirl 16:10, 11 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Amaterasu is a goddess. It is well acknowledged that Amaterasu is female. However, in the translation process, it was deemed that Amaterasu should be mostly treated as gender-neutral and the use of the word "he" was due to it being the best term ("it" usually refers to inanimate objects). There's an article somewhere on IGN, but I can't find it right now. ~ Oni Lukos ct 22:02, 11 October 2006 (UTC)
 * God/Goddess reincarnates often come in different genders in Japanese (and any other) folklore; Amaterasu is definetely female, but I wasn't sure if Oukami Amaterasu the wolf would have been. Accelagirl 21:59, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Kya? When was Ammy referred to as a he?72.231.145.5 10:14, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

Note the English manual specifically says "Though deliberately written to be a genderless character in the game...", pg 34. Masem 02:51, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

There is a line in the game that says "Ammy is sensitive about her flaws.". Her flaws, that is. I just now as of this writing saw it after speaking to Rao after escaping from the water dragon. It probably doesn't mean anything, but I thought it would be interesting to know. PiccoloNamek 03:31, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

 * If that's worth saying, it should also be worth noting how Tobi refers to Ammy as Good Sir and how Susano, after defeating Orochi, refers to Ammy as Brother. And I really don't think it matters who said what. All in all, I'd say that the Amaterasu of this game's gender is determined by who sees Ammy, and seeing as how Ammy was brough back in the body of a statue, I'd say it's credible enough to refer to Ammy as an "it". Besides, seeing as how Shiranui was even referred to as an "it" in the opening prolouge of the game, and since Amaterasu and Shiranui are one and the same, I don't see the need to not call Ammy "it"

 * Agreed, except that in English language identifying something as an it has rather negative connotations -- people more easily associate with "he"s and "she"s. --Stratadrake 01:19, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

demo featured in OPM
It strikes me as odd that above the content box it is noted that a demo of the game was featured in two copies of Official PlayStation Magazine. This has nothing to do with the game itself. I will delete it. If anyone disagrees, say so.--Soetermans 20:52, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't see why the hell it'd be a problem. 24.97.33.132 14:29, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I didn't say it's a problem, I say it doesn't fit in an encyclopedia. It resembles advertising aswell. I'm against it, but one might put a note at the bottom, but this was right above the content box, if it were more important. --Soetermans 21:18, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

Brush technique tables
I added two tables for the vary brush techniques (the 13 Celestial ones, and the others that you use otherwise). I know there's more information that can be added which I don't have access to presently; for the 13 techniques, I think the name of the god that gave them to Ammy, the name of the technique, the kanji used (which is listed in the manual), and maybe an example picture for each. Similar ideas for the second table, though as these aren't part of the Celestial Techiques, they won't have the same stuff (like the god granting it to Ammy). Masem 16:06, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The Celestial Techniques are brush techniques from the 15 brush gods. So the Sun and Moon technique belong in this category. Amaterasu is one of the brush gods. Nobody gave her the Sun technique because this is her own unique ability as a brush god. The brush god Yumigami gave Ammy the Moon technique to use. My source: the official strategy guide from Brady games. Rumpelstiltzkin 01:14, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * 15 seems off - I can't find a good list of which constellations that you unlock and what they give you, however, I am pretty sure that the animals that represent the gods number 13 - the Chinese Zodiac with the addition of the cat (yeah, too much Fruits Basket for me). Plus I distinctly remember Issun saying that there were 13 Celestial Techniques that he's after.  The manual lists 12 gods in the back (p37).    I also popped the game back in at a late save, and the information on says that, for example, the Sunrise stroke is a "Celestial Brush power".  In other words, I think there is a distinction between god-granted techniques aka the Celestial Techniques, and those that you can do with the brush, and some of the helper ones you learn. Masem 02:47, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Aaaaannd never mind, I see where it is. The 3 greenery ones would be grouped as one overall technique (with three methods of invocation) as to keep the number 13 in mind.  I believe I've ID'd all the zodiac animals correctly, the only two I can't tell without going back and playing the game would be Cresent and Blizzard, which, after Iding the rest, is between rabbit and boar, and I'm pretty sure the boar was last. Masem 02:47, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Aannnd never mind x2 - manual confirms that "rabbit on the moon" (tying in with how I've got it now in the table) is correct.Masem 02:49, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Hey, great job cleaning up the table. Now if we can only get screenshots of the techniques... 'Fraid that's beyond my jurisdiction. Need to seriously upgrate my computer. Rumpelstiltzkin 05:45, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Not to be a nag, but is a complete table even necessary to begin with? Wikipedia is not a videogame guide.  While this certainly isn't on the level of, say, describing a game's particular controller button mappings, it strikes me as pretty indiscriminate.  --Stratadrake 12:45, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I've seen other game pages on wiki that have a basic list and description of the powers/abilities, etc. (Pyschonauts, for example). Also, there are ways to link up some of the mythology aspects with other articles on Wikipedia, similar to what I suggested about minor characters above - eg these have a story and/or reason, and here's what it is.   But I don't believe we need anything more beyond this in terms of game play detail.  But that's partially the reason I made this block it's own section - if it's decided it's too much for Wiki, it can be cut and pasted elsewhere without too much work. Masem 13:17, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I see -- though I don't totally agree on the subject of listing everything. For comparison, do we really need a list of all the bosses, or can we trim it down to the really significant ones and integrate them with the article's context?  --Stratadrake 12:37, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I think looking at the Windwaker article (since the size and scope of the two games are similar) for ideas where to take Okami's entry is worthwhile. The WW article (which I note is FA-rated) has two sub pages for weapons/items and for characters.  Obviously, with the minimal amount of time this game's been out compared to WW, we're still a good ways away from having full lists.   (Plus I don't think there's as many Okami fanatics yet as there are Zelda ones to keep playing and dig up all the names and the like).  We could make these sub pages now, one for characters, one for items and powers, but they'd be rather sparse, but this would allow for expansion beyond what would be there for cluttering up the main Okami page.  As the lists are presently, I think they're pretty good, nowhere near exhaustive, but give a start for someone looking into Okami's mythology references.Masem 15:27, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

Hey, the tables say that making constellations isn't a brush stroke technique. But it is. It is the Sunrise technique. The Sunrise technique allows you to make stars (the sun is a star) and you have it at the beginning of the game. -- Anon, 22 October 2006

Metacritic link
Should I have added metacritic's entry for Okami in the External links? I'm unfamiliar with the policy of wiki in regards to such sites. --Havermayer 20:59, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

Game references - listcruft or not
As noted by Stratadrake,the question is, is all the game references (even if pulled out of trivia and it's own section like I did) listcruft or not. Now, I note a lot of gaming wiki article have references of a game in other games but not references of a game in the present one, or at least not as common, which is the reverse of what we've got here so far. I think it's fair to reduce that list down to say something like "Okami has references to many other Capcom titles, including (list)", add a wiki comment that no addition references should be spelled out in Okami, but instead added to the appropriate game (so, like all the Viewtiful Joe refs should be in that article).Masem 05:43, 30 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Previously, I remember taking out all those references and summarizing them as "Okami makes several references to other Capcom titles" (see previous topic above about trivia). Trivia-type sections are a double-edged sword in that they are an easy place for beginner editors, but because of it they have a tendency to accumulate useless tidbits and cruft.  As for which article should mention a specific reference and how, that's a bit hard to call; A alludes or makes a reference to B; if B is something that is often alluded to (e.g., Who's on First?), the reference is mentioned in B; but if B is something not referred to very often, or if A is notable for its making allusions to other topics, then listing the reference in B may seem out of place.  Overall, it's a matter of how important to the overall article the game references are -- it is notable that Okami draws so much from Japanese mythos; but how notable its minor references to other Capcom-made games is, that is the question. --Stratadrake 13:19, 30 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Or, as the same issue was phrased regarding Mario Kart DS, Trivia sections are not a place for ordinary "random observations". For example, something like:

*Kaguya has a dome on her head, which might be a reference to Arieta from  Cyberbots .
 * if it is just a possible (i.e. unconfirmed) reference, simply does NOT belong (Wikipedia is not a publisher of original thought or a crystal ball). Lack of verifiability is also one of the arguments against Trivia sections. --Stratadrake 13:26, 30 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I definitely don't disagree with that, because as noted, the references in Okami are not like appearances of other characters (as most VG references are), but moves and actions that are similar to other games. The Viewtiful Joe references are unmistakable, but the others (as best as I know) are like "Hmm, that could be referring to...", and thus I agree I think that for wiki standards, it should be condensed down to a single line: Okami references many other Capcom games, notably Viewtiful Joe.  (if necessary, support for that can be ref'd to the bottom of the page).   If any other the vg refs can be proven better, then they can be added to that statement, but again, specific details in refs if they are needed.  I agree that this article should be more on the mythology that Okami provides; the vg references are 'hey, cool' bonuses but can be listcruft if every single one is listed.Masem 14:59, 30 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Okay then, summarizing the items up now. Just wait, someone will probably revert it and unleash the edit wars.  --Stratadrake 04:13, 3 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I put in an inline HTML comment there, ref'ing to the talk page, and warning that any added game will be deleted.Masem 23:24, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Ōkami/Archive 1


text:
Donwan Harrell

Donwan Harrell is the founder and former creative director of the New York-based luxury denim line PRPS and is also one of the former top 10 designers at Nike.

Early life
Born in North Carolina and raised in Virginia, Donwan grew up in a low-income family. His dad worked as a naval ship repairman and his mom was a seamstress. At an early age, Donwan developed a deep passion for sketching and sewing. He often helped his mother sew her own designs that she sold at local flea markets, and would sketch his surroundings to pass the time. His mother saw prodigy-like talent in his sketching and began entering him into art competitions to foster his talent. Along with sketching, he also began to design and sew his own clothing, selling it to his fellow students and friends.

The summer after eighth grade, before he began high school, Donwan began taking pre-collegiate art and drawing classes at RISD before attending Virginia Commonwealth University on a partial scholarship. After graduating with a BFA in fashion design from VCU in 1989, he entered the prestigious Chambre Syndicale international fashion design competition sponsored by Air France, winning two years in a row.

Career
Donwan moved to New York City and garnered a job as associate menswear designer for Robert Stock. After a brief stint at Joseph Abboud, he became associate menswear designer for Donna Karan. Nike later recruited him as worldwide director for "Organized Team Sports" based in Hong Kong. Donwan created national uniforms for the 2002 World Cup including Italy, Nigeria, Brazil, United States, Korea, Japan, Poland, and the Netherlands. Additionally, he designed uniforms for many international team sports including rugby, baseball, basketball and football.

Poised to start his own clothing company, Donwan launched Prps in 2002. What started originally as a denim brand is today made up of three collections: Prps Noir, Prps and Prps Goods & Co. Prps Noir being the more expensive range of the collection.

Donwan is also an enthusiast of American muscle cars from the early 1960s through to 1971.

title: Donwan Harrell


text:
Service-oriented development of applications

In the field of software application development, service-oriented development of applications (or SODA) is a way of producing service-oriented architecture applications. Use of the term SODA was first used by the Gartner research firm.

SODA represents one possible activity for company to engage in when making the transition to service-oriented architecture (SOA). However, it has been argued that an overreliance on SODA can reduce overall system flexibility, reuse, and business agility. This danger is greater for sites that use an application server, which could diminish flexibility in redeployment and composition of services.


text:
Talk:Presidency of George W. Bush

Abu Ghraib prisoner torture image
My diff (shown at right) was reverted by with the comment "Adds nothing substantive to article". The images of the torture that occurred at Abu Ghraib were immensely consequential in shaping public opinion about the Iraq War and the U.S.'s torture of detainees. "The Hooded Man" in particular is considered an iconic image from the Iraq War – I included sources on this as well. Its inclusion is absolutely justified. Looking at the other images from the article, some of them appear to be more "decoration" that don't add substance to the article, e.g. File:Bush discusses social security in Virginia 2005.jpg. I'm not arguing for less pictures – illustration is important. This image from Abu Ghraib specifically illustrates the torture that was a major aspect of Bush's presidency, and the image absolutely contributes to this.-Ich (talk) 18:35, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Given nobody has replied or objected to my reasoning above, I will be bold and re-add this.-Ich (talk) 19:13, 17 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Given that nobody replied or affirmed your reasoning above, it should remain out. This image from Abu Ghraib specifically illustrates that you have a non-neutral point of view regarding the subject of torture in connection with the G. W. Bush's presidency. Drdpw (talk) 20:49, 17 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Apologies, I'm still not certain what your argument against this photo's inclusion is, but I would like to ask you not to make assumptions about my views. NPOV means affording the RSs due weight; the RSs I cited describe the photo as "iconic" and "influential". The Abu Ghraib photos had a major, worldwide impact on public opinion of the Global War on Terror; this one in particular was widely reproduced. That these photos "elicited widespread outrage" has long since been included in the body text. This photo accurately illustrates that body text and helps the reader understand the public reaction.
 * I would actually argue the opposite of your point: arbitrarily excluding an iconic, suitably licensed image that is discussed in the body text isn't a neutral stance: it violates NPOV by deliberately eliding something RSs consider important. These images were a major event in Bush's presidency and leaving this out makes the article less complete.-Ich (talk) 09:53, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

 * As the paragraph's focus is "Guantanamo Bay and enemy combatants" I propose that this picture would be more fitting. Drdpw (talk) 15:36, 18 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Great suggestion; this photo was also widely disseminated and is aligned with the section header.-Ich (talk) 16:49, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

"Bush Dick Affair" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Bush Dick Affair and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 October 5 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. —  Red-tailed hawk (nest) 05:37, 5 October 2022 (UTC)

Should the Cabinet be a separate page
Should /* Administration */ be turned into something similar to Cabinet of Donald Trump or Cabinet of Joe Biden GameOfAwesome (talk) 19:06, 28 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Presidency of George W. Bush


text:
Talk:D'Hondt

Clearing links to this disambiguation page
Links to this page from the main article space have been redirected to more appropriate targets. Courtland 23:46, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:D'Hondt


text:
User talk:Usurping Vice

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. -- SCZenz 23:47, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Blocked
Your account has been blocked for vandalism. Your other accounts have been blocked as well. Any new accounts you create will be blocked. This first block will last for 24 hours. You are welcome to return and edit articles if you can abide by Wikipedia's guidelines and policies. If you persist in vandalising articles this block may become permanent. Exploding Boy 23:49, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Usurping Vice


text:
User talk:Weddingchannel

Please do not add commercial links (or links to your own private websites) to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links. You are, however, encouraged to add content instead of links to the encyclopedia. See the welcome page to learn more. Thanks. --fvw *  23:48, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Weddingchannel


text:
Talk:Thelesperma filifolium

Interwiki links
I see UtherSRG removed the interwiki links between the Wikispecies and Wikipedia pages. Would you care to explain why? Wikispecies is a more appropriate place for the technical aspects of each species, Wikipedia for the general aspects. A user interested in knowing what Greenthread is or where it grows would likely see the Wikipedia article, while a hobbyist or expert may be more interested in the taxonomy in the Wikispecies article. It's important that a user be able to find this information if he's looking for it, which is the reason for the disambiguation-like interwiki link I added at the top. I see no reason to remove it. // Pathoschild 16:59, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I didn't remove them, I made them correct. Links from the en: 'pedia to species: are done using a template . Links from species: to the en: 'pedia are done via a "bald" interwiki link: en:"name of en: article" . - UtherSRG (talk) 12:44, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, I noticed that later. >_> // Pathoschild 13:12, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Copyediting
I've integrated the article with Wikispecies and copyedited the remainder for Wikipedia. However, I didn't add any of the information originally linked to (though not included). The information is now categorised rather arbitrarily into what I consider logical headings, though they may need to be added to or changed. // Pathoschild 23:49, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

The page called Greenthread
THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU! I am doing a report for school on this plant and your page gave me a lot of info. dont worry, i didn't violate copyright laws.

THANK U WIKIPEDIA! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Zanyboy (talk • contribs)

Seemingly misidentified photograph of a greenthread flower head
The photograph in this article about greenthread, Thelesperma filifolium, appears to show instead either Coreopsis tinctoria or Coreopsis basalis. Compare the photographs of greenthread on the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center's page at

https://www.wildflower.org/gallery/species.php?id_plant=THFI

with those of Coreopsis tinctoria at

https://www.wildflower.org/gallery/species.php?id_plant=COTI3

and those of Coreopsis basalis at

https://www.wildflower.org/gallery/species.php?id_plant=COBA2.

VisualDelights (talk) 11:49, 6 April 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thelesperma filifolium


text:
Anthony Johnson Showalter

Anthony Johnson Showalter (May 1, 1858 – September 14, 1924) was an American gospel music composer, teacher and publisher. He was born in Cherry Grove, West Virginia. Showalter was trained in the Ruebush-Kieffer School of Music and was teaching in shape note singing schools by age fourteen. In 1884, he formed the Showalter Music Company of Dalton, Georgia. He was also an elder of the First Presbyterian Church in Dalton.

Showalter's best known song is "Leaning on the Everlasting Arms", which was published in 1887. He has generally been credited with writing the music and chorus. However, Showalter's nephew, Samuel Duncan, is also credited with some of the music for the verses. Elisha Hoffman wrote some of the verses. The song features prominently in the score of Night of the Hunter, serving as a leitmotif for Robert Mitchum's character Reverend Harry Powell, and forms about a quarter of the score of the 2010 film True Grit.

Showalter authored several rudimentary books on music theory and a book on harmony and song composition. These were widely used in singing schools across the South.

He died in Chattanooga, Tennessee in 1924 and is buried at West Hill Cemetery in Dalton.

title: Anthony Johnson Showalter


text:
Ellagic acid

Ellagic acid is a polyphenol found in numerous fruits and vegetables. It is the dilactone of hexahydroxydiphenic acid.

Name
The name comes from the French term acide ellagique, from the word galle spelled backward because it can be obtained from noix de galle (galls), and to distinguish it from acide gallique (gallic acid). The molecule structure resembles to that of two gallic acid molecules being assembled "head to tail" and bound together by a C–C bond (as in biphenyl, or in diphenic acid) and two lactone links (cyclic carboxylic esters).

Biosynthesis
Plants produce ellagic acid from hydrolysis of tannins such as ellagitannin and geraniin.

Biodegradation
Urolithins are gut flora human metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives. Ellagic acid has low bioavailability, with 90% remaining unabsorbed from the intestines until metabolized by microflora to the more bioavailable urolintins.

History
Ellagic acid was first discovered by chemist Henri Braconnot in 1831. Maximilian Nierenstein prepared this substance from algarobilla, dividivi, oak bark, pomegranate, myrabolams, and valonea in 1905. He also suggested its formation from galloyl-glycine by Penicillium in 1915. Julius Löwe was the first person to synthesize ellagic acid by heating gallic acid with arsenic acid or silver oxide.

Natural occurrences
Ellagic acid is found in oak species such as the North American white oak (Quercus alba) and European red oak (Quercus robur).

The macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum produces ellagic acid.

Ellagic acid can be found in the medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus.

In food
The highest levels of ellagic acid are found in raw chestnuts, walnuts, pecans, cranberries, raspberries, strawberries, and grapes, as well as distilled beverages. It is also found in peaches and pomegranates.

Research and health claims
Ellagic acid has been marketed as a dietary supplement with various claimed benefits against cancer, heart disease, and other diseases. In the 21st century, numerous U.S.-based supplement companies received FDA warning letters for promoting ellagic acid with false anti-disease claims that violate the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Ellagic acid has been identified by the FDA as a "fake cancer 'cure'". There is no scientific evidence to support the claims that ellagic acid can treat or prevent cancer.

title: Ellagic acid


text: User talk:71.36.66.213

title: User talk:71.36.66.213


text:
Paolo Boccone

Paolo Silvio Boccone (24 April 1633 – 22 December 1704) was an Italian botanist from Sicily, whose interest in plants had been sparked at a young age. Born in a rich family, he was able to dedicate most of his life to the study of botany.

Life
Born in Palermo, he often visited the botanical garden (l'Orto Botanico) founded in Messina by the Roman doctor Pietro Castelli, who became his instructor. He traveled across Sicily, to Corsica, Paris, and London and took a doctor's degree in Padua. He published Recherches et observations naturelles (Paris, 1671; illustrated and greatly enlarged edition Amsterdam, 1674), which concerned itself with various theories of nature, and supplied important contributions to the fields of palaeontology, medicine and toxicology.

He was employed as court botanist to Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany as well as to Ferdinando's son, Cosimo III.

In the work Museo di piante rare della Sicilia, Malta, Corsica, Italia, Piemonte, e Germania (1697), Boccone described many rare plants of Sicily, Malta, Italy, Piedmont, and Germany. A fungus scientifically named Pisolithus tinctorius was called in the Sicilian language catatùnfuli, and Boccone writes that this fungus was employed by the women of Messina in order to dye cloth.

In 1682, Boccone entered the order of the Cistercians and took the name Silvio. After this conversion, Boccone is said to have dropped his avid study of botany, though he continued his travels.

Boccone had been widely regarded by the scientific community, and was in contact with many European naturalists. The French botanist Charles Plumier studied under him at Rome.

Boccone died in Altofonte in the monastery of Santa Maria di Altofonte, not far from Palermo.

Plumier named the genus Bocconia, in the family of the Papaveraceae, after him, a name that was later adopted by Linnaeus.

Works

This list was retrieved from Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de santé, Paris:
 * Recherches & observations touchant le corail, la pierre étoilée, les pierres de figure de coquilles, etc...., Amsterdam, 1674.
 * Recherches et observations naturelles. Amsterdam: Chez Jean Jansson, 1674.
 * Icones et descriptiones rariorum plantarum Siciliae, Melitae, Galliae et Italiae... auctore Paulo Boccone,... (Edidit R. Morison.), Oxford, e theatro Sheldoniano, 1674. In-4 ?, XVI-96 p., fig. (dedicated to Charles Hatton)
 * Icones et descriptiones rariorum plantarum Siciliae, Melitae, Galliae et Italiae... auctore Paulo Boccone,...cum praefatione Roberti Mossiockii, Lugduni, apud Robertum Scott, 1674.
 * Novitiato ala segreteria del signore Paolo Boccone, gentiluomo di Palermo, lettura grata non meno a principi che a loro segretari, per mostrare con faciltà e brevità l'arte d'un accorto secretario, Genuae, apud haeredes Calenziani, sd. In-12°.
 * Osservazioni naturali, ove si contengono materie medico-fisiche, e di botanica, produzioni naturali fossofori diversi, fuochi sotterranei d'Itali e altre curiosità, disposte en trattati familiari, Bononiae, apud Monolessos, 1684. In-12°.
 * Lettre de Monsieur Boccone,... écrite à Mr. l'Abbé Bourdelot,... touchant l'embrasement du mont Etna, S. l. n. d. In-12, paginé 67–78, carte.
 * Della pietra Belzuar minerale siciliana lettera familiare, Monteleoni, apud Dominicum Ferrum, 1669.
 * Museo di piante rare della Sicilia, Malta, Corsica, italia, Piemonte e Germania con figure 133 in rame, Venetiis, apud Ioannem Baptistam Zuccarum, 1697.
 * Epistola botanica
 * Recherches et observations naturelles touchant le corail, pierre estoilee, embrasement du mont Etna, Parisiis, apud Baloin ad Palatum, 1672.
 * Museum experimentale-physicum, complectens observationes eruditis et curiosis, Francofurti, apuc Michaelem Rohrbach, 1697. In-12°.
 * Museum experimentale-physicum, complectens observationes eruditis et curiosis, Francofurti, apuc Michaelem Rohrbach, 1697. In-12°.

Named after Boccone

 * The genus Bocconia L.

Among others, the following species: In this list (names retrieved from IPNI, 30 April 2011), the epithet formed after "Boccone" occurs in three variants: bocconei, bocconi, and bocconii. The first one is the genitive case of "Boccone", the second of "Bocconus", the third of "Bocconius", the latter two being latinized forms of "Boccone". The formation of epithets from personal names is regulated by Art. 60.7 and 60.11 and Rec. 60C of the ICBN (Vienna Code). The Code dictates that changes in spelling [of personal names] by authors who use intentional latinizations of personal names are to be preserved, except when they concern (a) only the termination of epithets, or (b) changes involving (1) omission of a final vowel or consonant, or (2) conversion of a final vowel to a different vowel, for which the final letter of the name is to be restored, unless the name already possesses a well-established latinized form, in which case it should be given its appropriate Latin genetive. Boccone lived well before Linnaeus and his name could have had a well-established latinized form. He rarely used the latinized form of his name however. In all of his books for example, even the ones in Latin, his name appears as "Paolo Boccone" on the title page. In the books in Latin, "Boccone" could have been a Latin case (Linnaeus seems to have treated it that way), but it would have been the ablative of "Bocco", not a derivative of a latinized form of "Boccone". In Hortus Cliffortianus (1738) and in Species Plantarum (1753), Linnaeus calls him "Bocco" (genetive: bocconis). From this it is obvious that Boccone's name does not possess a well-established latinized form, in which case the epithet should be formed in accordance with ICBN Rec. 60C.1(a): substantival epithets of personal names ending in a vowel are formed by adding the appropriate genetive inflection, which is "-i" in the case of a single male, and hence "bocconei" is the only proper form of the epithet. See [http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/no%20frames/0065Ch7OaGoNSec1a60.htm ICBN (Vienna Code) Art. 60]
 * Achillea bocconii W.D.J.Koch (Achillea, Asteraceae)
 * Alsine bocconi Scheele - former name of syn. Spergularia bocconei (Scheele) Graebn. (Spergularia (Pers.), Caryophyllaceae) [Formerly (Alsine, now an obsolete genus, Caryophyllaceae)]
 * Chiliadenus bocconei Brullo (= Jasonia bocconei (Brullo) M.Pardo & R.Morales) (Chiliadenus, Jasonia, Asteraceae)
 * Eryngium bocconi Lam. (Eryngium, Apiaceae)
 * Euphrasia bocconi Guss. (= Odontites bocconei (Guss.) Walp.) (Euphrasia, Odontites, Scrophulariaceae)
 * Heliotropium bocconi Guss. (Heliotropium, Boraginaceae)
 * Helleborus bocconei Ten. (Helleborus, Ranunculaceae)
 * Jurinea bocconi Guss. (Jurinea, Asteraceae)
 * Seseli bocconi Guss. (Seseli, Apiaceae)
 * Spergularia bocconei (Scheele) Graebn. (Spergularia (Pers.), Caryophyllaceae). Formerly Alsine bocconi (Alsine, now an obsolete genus, Caryophyllaceae)
 * Tanacetum bocconii Sch.Bip. (Tanacetum, Asteraceae)

title: Paolo Boccone


text:
Marah oreganus

Marah oreganus, the Oregon manroot, coastal manroot or western wild-cucumber, is a common manroot of the northwest coast of the United States. It ranges from California north to Canada.

Foliage
Coastal manroot has the least pubescent bud, leaves, and branches of all the manroot species. Populations in more northern climates are nearly hairless with glossy leaves. Vines appear in late winter or early spring in response to increased rainfall, and can climb or scramble to a length of 6m. Its leaves typically have five lobes with individual plants showing wide variation in leaf size and lobe length. Although leaf size is highly variable, coastal manroot tends to have larger leaves than other Marah species.

Vines emerge from a large, hard tuberous root which can reach several meters in length and weigh in excess of 100 kg. Newly exposed tubers can be seen along roadcuts or eroded slopes and have a scaly, tan-colored surface. Injured or decaying tubers take on a golden or orange color.

Flower
The flower can vary in color from yellowish green to cream to white. Flowers appear soon after the vine emerges. The flowers are monoecious, that is, individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant. Male flowers appear in open spikes while females flowers, distinguished by a swollen base, usually appear individually. The plant is self-fertile, i.e. pollen from the male flowers can fertilize the female flowers on the same plant; pollination is by insects.

Fruit
The fruit is spherical, 4–5 cm in diameter, and covered in prickles of variable density, up to 1 cm long but without hooks. Unripe fruit are bright green, ripening to yellow. The fruit swells as it ripens until finally rupturing and releasing the large seeds. Fruit begin to form in spring and ripen in summer.

Seeds and germination
Seeds of the coastal manroot are large, hard, and smooth. Unlike the bullet-shaped seeds of other Marah species, coastal manroot seeds are more flattened and disc-like. Fruit usually hold 4 or more seeds. Seeds have an intriguing germination process. The initial shoot emerges from the seed and grows downward into the earth. This shoot then splits, one part beginning to swell and form the tuber, while the second part grows back to the surface and becomes the vine.

The seeds may be fatally poisonous.

Habits
Coastal manroot grows most vigorously by streams or in washes but can also be successful in dryer areas, at elevations up to 1600 metres. It will tolerate a variety of soil types and acidities, but it requires at least seasonally moist soil. Vines can grow in full-sun to heavily shaded conditions. In mild areas of its range where year-round moisture is available, vines are perennial. In cold winter areas, vines die back in fall. In areas with seasonal wetness, vines emerge at the beginning of the wet season and die back completely in the dry season.

Uses
All parts of the plant have a bitter taste (this is the meaning of the genus name Marah, which comes from Hebrew). The fruit is inedible. Some Native Americans may have consumed the seeds to commit suicide. The large tuber of the manroot can be processed for a soap-like extract.

Medicinal uses
Marah oreganus was used by the Native Americans for various health problems. The Chinook made a poultice from the gourd. The Squaxin mashed the upper stalk in water to dip aching hands. The Chehalis people burned the root and mixed the resulting powder with bear grease to apply to scrofula sores. The Coast Salish made a decoction to treat venereal disease, kidney trouble and scrofula sores.

Toxicity
The leaves and fruit contain high concentrations of tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds known as cucurbitacins. They impart a bitter flavor which serve as a natural pest deterrent. When ingested they can lead to various degrees of gastrointestinal upset and dehydration. Although data for this specific variety of wild cucumber is limited, case reports of ingestion of other species within the Cucurbitaceae family have been found to induce severe illness requiring intensive care support to treat dehydration from the profound gastrointestinal distress. There is no specific antidote.

These compounds have also been reported to induce delayed alopecia although the mechanism is unknown.

title: Marah oreganus


text: User talk:67.86.23.208

title: User talk:67.86.23.208


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fire brick red

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. -Splash talk 17:39, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Fire brick red
All of the colour articles were subject to a blanket AfD here. This was closed as a delete all, although the talk page for that AfD was tabulated otherwise. VfU opted to undelete all the articles and give them seperate AfDs (see the bottom of VfU for my reasoning on this). So here they are. If you wish to make a blanket comment on these articles please copy paste your comment into each — do not expect the closer to extrapolate your intent in these exceptional circumstances. Thank you. No comment from me. -Splash talk 23:51, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Without any kind of source or authority for the name, this is useless, This is not a start to a real article. Contains virtually no information not obvious from the article title. The entire contents of this article could be presented much more usefully as an entry in a a table. This is self-indulgent article-creation vanity. Dpbsmith (talk) 00:24, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, rename to firebrick red. Compare for example Central (MTR) or some of the 12,500 Google hits. --Pjacobi 00:38, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, color of a thing. Gazpacho 00:56, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * An unreferenced shade of ochre. *Delete. Pilatus 01:07, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per my vote in previous Afd Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   01:38, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Plus it's always going to be a stub unless something monumental happens. Ryan Norton T 02:28, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete last time around I said merge if sourced, but there is still no source --TimPope 16:34, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for the same reason as before (need a source, if only an image of the colour) Sliggy 19:06, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete meaningful-content-free color articles. MCB 00:40, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Silly, meaningless color articles--Sean Jelly Baby? 21:10, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Optichan 22:21, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or merge, notable color.  Grue  16:29, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No source and not expandable. Carbonite | Talk 16:32, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep article does no harm whatsoever. Dmn  €  Դմն 23:52, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fire engine red

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. -Splash talk 17:43, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Fire engine red
All of the colour articles were subject to a blanket AfD here. This was closed as a delete all, although the talk page for that AfD was tabulated otherwise. VfU opted to undelete all the articles and give them seperate AfDs (see the bottom of VfU for my reasoning on this). So here they are. If you wish to make a blanket comment on these articles please copy paste your comment into each — do not expect the closer to extrapolate your intent in these exceptional circumstances. Thank you. No comment from me. -Splash talk 23:51, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Without any kind of source or authority for the name, this is useless, This is not a start to a real article. Contains virtually no information not obvious from the article title. The entire contents of this article could be presented much more usefully as an entry in a a table. This is self-indulgent article-creation vanity. Dpbsmith (talk) 00:24, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - the color is important for what it evokes, and why. Also, Allmusic.com reveals no fewer than nine songs or versions of songs with this name, which is plenty more than "Olive-yellow" would ever get. -- BD2412 talk 00:42, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep notable reference color, used to described othee shades of red "x is between fire engine red and y" because of the common assumption, that it is a well known and fixed color. Unfortunately this isn't the case (and all sort of different identifications are in use, e.g. to PMS 185 and PMS 032). --Pjacobi 00:46, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, we have several pictures to satisfy curiosity about the color of fire trucks. Furthermore, the color isn't uniform even when red (as I recently found out during an alarm), although you might assume so if you stay in one city long enough. Gazpacho 00:57, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Reasonably widespread colour term. And it's not the same as the colour of fire engines — they can be green. Flowerparty ■ 01:41, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * If it's not even that, then why is it notable? Gazpacho
 * Keep. — Knowledge Seeker দ 04:04, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I wouldn't have expected to vote this way, but BDA's evidence swayed me. Xoloz 05:26, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I think it would make much more sense to delete the color page and make a separate page for the song (or songs) than to leave both of them together. -Nameneko 06:04, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but only if merged with Red. What more is there to say that justifies a separate article? Jonathunder 07:01, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - referenced in songs. Widespread. Per other keepers. --Cel e stianpower hablamé 08:24, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep can be expanded to discuss the history of the use of the color in fire departments and the nine songs BDA found. - Mgm|(talk) 08:56, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep this is one of the few of these worth keeping. Why are fire engines red? What is the history of the use of this colour for fire engines? Are they all the same red? And - other than the one by The Grid - what are the other eight songs??? Grutness...  wha?  12:24, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and list all of the songs. (Probably dispatch the infobox though). --TimPope 16:36, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This colour is more notable than the other ones on AfD. I think I may have heard of this term too. --Optichan 19:48, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * While I don't agree with keeping all of the color articles, I argue keep for this one. This color has a lot of cultural ties, from (apparently 9 songs, to being a common cosmetic name (especially nail polish and lipstick, in my experience), and probably lots of other uses we don't know of yet. Expand. --Jacquelyn Marie 21:38, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I should clarify my above reference to "nine songs or versions of songs". The reference only lists seven artists, so I think two of them re-recorded or remixed the song. -- BD2412 talk 01:41, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep but only if it can be demonstrated that (essentially) all red fire engines are the (essentially) the same shade of red. MCB 00:42, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Not sure that's important, so long as a significant number of fire engines are a particular shade, such that it would be the one people think of. -- BD2412 talk 01:41, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. The article needs considerable expansion and I'm unconvinced that fire engines are the same shade of red the world over, but at least there's some kind of source. Sliggy 12:18, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but needs expansion. -Sean Curtin 00:04, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. I've heard of this, although I don't know how much expansion is possible. Carbonite | Talk 16:34, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with red. The Literate Engineer 02:42, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sweater Tuesdays

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedied by JoJan. --Phroziac(talk) 00:45, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Sweater Tuesdays
A strong case for expanding the speedy deletion criteria. Non-notable. --fvw *  23:51, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, speedily, if an excuse can be found. -- SCZenz 23:59, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete per A1. — mendel ☎ 00:09, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. This is patent nonsense.  --Quintin3265 00:48, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advocacy for wearing a certain item of clothing on a certain day of the week. non-descriptive, non-notable. Nateji77 04:57, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedied JoJan 05:32, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Themovieaddict

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! feydey 23:51, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
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Response
Hey,

I provided it with a copyright tag.

Sorry for that Monroe Mann page, by the way. Just something of a joke between myself and some IMDb users who are tired of his spamming his name on websites. It won't happen again.

Image Tagging Image:Qtpictyre.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Qtpictyre.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag, so its copyright status is therefore unclear. Please add a tag to let us know its copyright status. (If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use  .)  See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have tagged them, too. Note that any unsourced and untagged imaged will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thanks so much. --feydey 00:40, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Axl06.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Axl06.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Soothing R  23:01, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Qtpictyre.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Qtpictyre.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you.  Soothing R  08:07, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:WireImage.com
Template:WireImage.com has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page. Thank you.

Speedy deletion of Faggot Rock
A tag has been placed on Faggot Rock requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a band or musician, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for musical topics.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the page does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that they userfy the page or have a copy emailed to you. God Emperor (talk) 20:15, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Themovieaddict


text: User talk:Dzsinich

title: User talk:Dzsinich


text:
William Berenberg

William Berenberg, M.D. (October 29, 1915 – September 14, 2005) was an American physician, Harvard professor, and pioneer in the treatment and rehabilitation of cerebral palsy.

Early life
Berenberg was born in Haverhill, Massachusetts, to immigrant parents. Growing up in Chelsea, Massachusetts, he proved a bright and studious young man and earned admission to Harvard University on scholarship. However, his father was reportedly too proud to allow his son to take the "hand-out" and Berenberg worked his own way through the Ivy League institution, commuting from home and cleaning dishes for extra income. He graduated from Harvard cum laude in 1936 and entered Boston University Medical School later that year, earning his M.D. in 1940. In 1941, Berenberg entered the pathology department of Children's Hospital in Boston as an intern. Thus began his extraordinary sixty-year relationship with the hospital.

Career
He was Chief, Interim Chief or Associate Chief of seven divisions, including serving as Associate Physician-in-Chief from 1969 to 1974, and Chief of the Cerebral Palsy Division for 44 years. He was a worldwide leader in the study and treatment of cerebral palsy and opened the first cerebral palsy kindergarten in Wellesley, Massachusetts. In 1968, he was elected president of the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy. Along with friend and fellow cerebral palsy advocate Leonard Goldenson, Berenberg appeared before the U.S. House Appropriations Committee in 1973. He successfully lobbied for the Rehabilitation Act, which was arguably the first piece of landmark legislation enacted to protect the disabled, outlawing discrimination based on handicap. In it, public funding was secured for orthopedic equipment. Berenberg became an adjunct professor at MIT and, from 1974–1988, directed the Harvard – MIT Rehabilitation Engineering Center, where he coordinated research to create devices to help those with disabilities.

A Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School, Berenberg trained over 1,000 pediatricians and treated many thousands of children, including President John F. Kennedy's late son Patrick. Housecalls in eastern Massachusetts were common, but he also built a large international practice, with patients from Mexico to Saudi Arabia. Berenberg was the official medical consultant to the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Recognition
Berenberg received numerous honors and awards during his long career. Early on, he was lauded by President Franklin D. Roosevelt for his research in gamma globulin. In 1970, the President of Ecuador awarded him the National Order of Merit with the grade of commander for service to that nation's children. In 1980, he was awarded the Janeway Award for Excellence in Clinical Teaching from the house staff. In 1990, Berenberg received a distinct honor when many of his colleagues, supporters, and former patients raised funds to endow the William Berenberg Professorship of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School. Frederick Lovejoy was the first to hold the chair.

Formally retiring in 2001, Berenberg remained a Harvard professor emeritus until his death on September 14, 2005 in Norwood, Massachusetts. He is buried at Sharon Memorial Park in Sharon, Massachusetts. Berenberg married Blanche Berger (dec. 1989) in 1939 and the couple had three children. Two became physicians, Jeffrey L. Berenberg and Richard A. Berenberg (dec. 1984), and one became a social worker, Barbara Berenberg.

title: William Berenberg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vera Barinova

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete; but be glad you didn't have to smell the body! --Phroziac(talk) 00:44, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Vera Barinova
Very few non-Wiki links through search engines; fails the 100 year test and probably hasn't achieved any "renown or notoriety for their involvement in newsworthy events" Z iggurat  23:56, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as per nomination. -- SCZenz 00:10, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as per nom.  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   02:28, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ancas Foreign Auto Parts

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. CDC  (talk)  23:00, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Ancas Foreign Auto Parts
Advertizing page, not notable. -- SCZenz 23:56, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * delete not notable. — brighterorange  (talk) 00:03, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable.
 * Delete NN, possibly an ad. Nateji77 04:56, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, NN. feydey 08:39, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Kevinsquash

Image:Tifainav.jpg has been listed for deletion
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 04:07, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Kevinsquash