text:
Talk:Dakelh

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 8 September 2020 and 18 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jshen246.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 18:59, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Comments
I've changed the bit about the pronounciation of Dakelh so that it is (a) in IPA and (b) correct. I don't know where the idea came from that Dakelh begins with a /k/. It doesn't. It begins with a voiceless lenis unaspirated alveolar stop, which to English speakers sounds like a /d/. (As to my authority for this, I am a professional linguist who has studied Carrier since 1992 and speak the language (with less than native fluency, of course)).

It's possible that there may be controversy over the use of the terms "band" and "First Nation". What I've done is to use "First Nation" in the names of bands if they use it themselves, but to use only "band" as the name of the unit. The reason is simple: in Canada "band" is a well-defined technical term, the unit of Indian government under the Indian Act. "First Nation" appears in the names of some bands, but it does not have the meaning of "band" in and of itself. It is not meaningful to say "Under the Indian Act, a First Nation is governed by a chief and a minimum of two councillors", whereas this is true of a "band". On the other hand, it is common to refer to things like "the Carrier First Nation". This is a reference to an ethnic group, not a political unit or (as usually used) even a linguistic unit.

One small point. I changed "an indigenous..." to "the indigenous..." because, in that particular area, Carrier people are the unique indigenous group. There is overlap in some border areas, but it is not an area in which multiple indigenous peoples are interspersed. Bill 16:24, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Merge Carrier Indians into this article?
I think it makes sense. Any objections? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.232.114.151 (talk • contribs) 08:40, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

Name "Carrier"
The name "Carrier" may not be a translation but a European description of an observed custom according to some reports. In exploring BC First Nations and particularly the Carrier First Nations I have encountered an author/teacher and anthropologist Alan D. McMillan who focuses primarily on BC First Nations. He teaches anthropology at Douglas Collage in New Westminster BC. 204.244.212.151 (talk) 16:35, 16 June 2010 (UTC)He states the name "Carrier" is a European name given because of the custom for widows to carry their husband’s bones in baskets or bundles for up to 3 years to demonstrate a suitable period of mourning. In this culture it is now common to have the headstone for a deceased person set at the home of the family for a year or more as a sign of respect and while preparing for a feast to celebrate the life of the deceased person.

 * He's pretty definitely wrong since we know that Europeans encountered the Sekani before they encountered the Carrier and learned of the Carrier from them and that the Sekani name for the Carrier means "people who carry something on their backs".Bill (talk) 03:19, 1 August 2011 (UTC)

Table of Bands
I've run into a problem adding translations to the table of bands. The first order problem is that the band names are not necessarily Carrier, e.g. "Red Bluff", and so no translation is needed. The second order problem is that even when the English name contains a Carrier word or an anglicisation of a Carrier word, that isn't necessarily what the people call themselves in Carrier. For example, "Cheslatta" is from Carrier Tsetl'adak "rock summit", the name of one village, but in Carrier Cheslatta people actually call themselves Nyan Whut'en "people of the far side of the lake". So I guess there should be columns for the English name of the band, the Carrier name, and the translation of the Carrier name, but that leaves the question of what to do about those English names that are based on Carrier words that are not the Carrier name for the band. Should that be yet another column, or be put somewhere else?Bill (talk) 03:27, 1 August 2011 (UTC)

Requested Move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved. -- Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 18:41, 3 March 2014 (UTC)

Carrier people → Dakelh – Dakelh was the original title here, as created by User:Billposer who is the pre-eminent scholar in this particular field. The page was moved without discussion on June 28, 2011 by User:Kwamikagami. From what I understand of the field, User:Billposer chose the name Dakelh over Carrier people for various reasons, one of them being that "Dakelh" is accepted by some groups who do not use term "Carrier" and according to the new revisions to MOS, style adopted by the original/principal author of an article should be what is respected. That this was moved without discussion despite being a controversial change, and that this same move was part of a pattern of moving to allegedly "most common" names (that aren't, actually) means that reversion to the original title is proper and should be respected. Skookum1 (talk) 18:24, 20 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Support/Restore - too late for WP:BRD, but still no reason why the academic name shouldn't be used. In ictu oculi (talk) 12:59, 21 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Comment: is there any evidence that the proposed title is more commonly used than the current one?   Hot Stop   16:31, 26 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Support The Dakelh better than the Carrier. "2.18. Carrier: Dakelh /dakeɬ/ is the name that Carrier people use for themselves and also for their language. The name "Carrier" is the English translation of the Sekani name for the Carrier. The Northwest Company men who first made contact with Carrier people came from across the Rockies and passed through Sekani territory before reaching Carrier territory. Since they learned about Carrier people from the Sekani, they used the Sekani name translated into their own language. In French, Carrier people are referred to as les Porteurs, and the language as la langue des Porteurs. In older literature, and occasionally still today, one sees Taculli, as well as a number of variant spellings, as a name for both the people and the language. This is a garbled version of Dakelh. The term Carrier has been used both as the name for Carrier in the narrow sense and for Carrier together with BabineWitsuwit'en, which is sometimes called Northern Carrier. Preferred linguistic usage is now to restrict Carrier to Carrier in the narrow sense." (The Names of the First Nations Languages of British Columbia by William J. Pose) --Kmoksy (talk) 10:08, 27 February 2014 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Assessment comment
Substituted at 12:41, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Dakelh. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131215070312/http://www.bcstudies.com/reviews.php?id=838673 to http://www.bcstudies.com/reviews.php?id=838673

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:47, 3 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dakelh


text:
User talk:Snuggles~enwiki

Hello Wikiverse, my name is Snuggles. I am writing my User talk page.

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Snuggles. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Snuggles~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:05, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:02, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Snuggles~enwiki


text: User talk:88.109.26.17

title: User talk:88.109.26.17


text:
1896–97 in Belgian football

The 1896–97 season was the second competitive season in Belgian football.

Overview
Only one official league existed at the time. It was called Coupe de Championnat (Championship Cup) and was disputed between 6 teams since only one new team was admitted whereas the last two of the previous championship were withdrawn.

title: 1896–97 in Belgian football


text:
Port Stanley Airport

Port Stanley Airport is an airport in the Falkland Islands, 2 mi outside the capital, Stanley. The airport is the only civilian airport in the islands with a paved runway. However, RAF Mount Pleasant, located to the west of Stanley, functions as the islands' main international airport, because it has a long runway and allows civilian flights. Port Stanley Airport is operated by the Government of the Falkland Islands, and is used for internal flights between the islands and flights between the Falklands and Antarctica.

History
Prior to 1972, there was no airport in the Falkland Islands with a paved runway, and all trips to the islands had to be undertaken by boat. However, in the early 1970s, the Falkland Islands Company decided to withdraw its monthly supply ship to Montevideo, Uruguay, increasing the desirability of an air link to the South American mainland.

In 1971, the Argentine Air Force broke the islands' isolation starting with amphibious flights from Comodoro Rivadavia with Grumman HU-16B Albatross aircraft operated by LADE.

In 1973, the United Kingdom signed a Communications Agreement with Argentina to fund an airstrip on the islands. Flights took place again from Comodoro Rivadavia, this time with Fokker F-28 twin jet aircraft. This service was maintained until 1982 representing the only connection to the islands. At first, these flights landed at a temporary airstrip at Hookers Point at the east end of Port Stanley where the runway was constructed of Pierced Runway Planking. This situation continued until 1978, when a storm tore up large areas of the runway, rendering it unusable. By this time however a permanent solution was in hand and on 1 May 1979 a new airport was opened at Cape Pembroke by Sir Vivian Fuchs with a 4000 ft paved runway. It immediately became home to the Falkland Islands Government Air Service (FIGAS) with its Islanders and Beavers.

Falklands War
During the Falklands War of 1982, Argentine forces occupied the airport. The Argentine Air Force were unable to place their most advanced fighter jets at the base given the relatively short runway, and the risk of attack by the British. However, several air force FMA IA 58 Pucarás with Argentine Navy Aermacchi MB-339 and T-34 Mentor for close air support and air reconnaissance were based at the airport. The Pucarás were deployed against the British land forces, shooting down a Westland Scout and the Aermacchis against the British Fleet.

On 1 May 1982, the Royal Air Force bombed the airport in Operation Black Buck and several other raids were carried out by embarked Harriers. Through the conflict, the airport installations were attacked with 237 bombs, 1,200 shells by deployed Royal Navy ships and 16 missiles. The 42 1,000-lb bombs dropped by the two Black Buck missions left twin strings of craters which are still visible on satellite photos of the airport today. However, none of these attacks ever put the airfield out of action entirely, and even both Black Buck raids only managed to score one direct hit on the runway, which was repaired sufficiently to allow for C-130 Hercules, Lockheed L-188 Electra and Fokker F-28 transport aircraft to resume night supply flights within 48 hours. These flights continued to bring supplies, weapons, vehicles, and fuel, and airlift out the wounded right until the end of the conflict. The Argentines left the runway covered with piles of earth during the day, in an attempt to mislead the British regarding the condition of the airfield. In fact, the British were well aware that C-130 flights continued to use the airfield and attempted to interdict these flights leading to the loss of a C-130 on 1 June, which was not, however, engaged in any resupply mission.

During the war the Argentines also heavily mined Yorke Bay to the north of the airport and Surf/Rookery Bays to the southeast with minimum metal mines under the presumption the British would attempt an amphibious landing on the east coast of East Falkland to quickly recapture both the airfield and Stanley in one fell swoop. However, these minefields proved unnecessary when the British opted instead to land at San Carlos on the west coast of East Falkland and attack overland towards Stanley. The beaches surrounding Port Stanley Airport remained heavily mined long after the war as demining had been deemed impractical due to the constantly drifting sand dunes and the disruption that would be done to the breeding colonies of the threatened Magellanic penguin, which continued to thrive on the beaches (being too light to set off the mines). However, the UK eventually commenced these operations in 2009 to comply with the Ottawa Treaty. On November 14, 2020 the island was declared free of landmines.

Post conflict
After the war, the Royal Air Force took over the airport, renaming it RAF Stanley. Immediately after the conflict air defence of the Islands and garrison was carried out by Sea Harrier FRS.1s and Harrier GR.3s at RAF Stanley and from the aircraft carrier, HMS Invincible (R05), on standing patrol. The runway was extended by to 6,100 ft, paved with aluminium planking, and had arrester equipment installed to allow RAF F-4 Phantom fighters, initially some of those of No. 29 Squadron RAF, to be based on the island as air defence. The unit was known as "Phandet" until late 1983 when the detachment achieved squadron status following the rundown of No. 23 Squadron RAF in the UK and the resultant transfer of its "nameplate" from RAF Wattisham to the RAF Stanley unit. The Harrier detachment was renamed No. 1453 Flight and remained at RAF Stanley to provide standby air defence, in event of excessive crosswinds, until RAF Mount Pleasant was opened in 1985. In addition, long range Hercules transport aircraft of No. 1312 Flight, resident at RAF Stanley, provided tanker support for the Phantom fighters and transport for local (South Georgia) tasks. The airport was also used by the C-130s of the 'Airbridge' from Ascension Island for trooping and many other essentials until Mount Pleasant became operational.

In 1985, RAF Mount Pleasant opened and in April 1986 Port Stanley Airport returned to civilian use. The temporary aluminium planking runway extension was removed, bringing the runway down to its present length. Although flights from Chile by regional airline Aerovias DAP did use the airport in the early 1990s, for the most part external services have used RAF Mount Pleasant since it opened.

Current status
The Falkland Islands Government Air Service (FIGAS) operates internal flights within the Falkland Islands from the airport with five Britten-Norman BN-2B Islander aircraft. The British Antarctic Survey uses the airport for intercontinental flights to Rothera Research Station in Antarctica.

Stanley Airport is used by internal flights and provides connections to British bases in Antarctica.

Bristow Helicopters has operated three Sikorsky S-92 Helicopters out of Stanley, two for transporting oil rig workers to exploratory oil platforms in the North Falkland Basin and the other as a rescue helicopter. Occasionally one of the aircraft had been based at RAF Mount Pleasant given lack of space at Stanley Airport. In 2015 Bristow added a new BVE helicopter hangar at Stanley airport to house three S-92 helicopters. The hangar, designed and constructed by RUBB UK, is used both to service, maintain and store the helicopters, as well as to support SAR operations and training.

FIGAS destinations
East Falklands: • Bleaker Island

• Darwin

• Douglas Station

• George Island

• Lively Island

• Mt Pleasant

• North Arm

• Port San Carlos

• Salvador

• San Carlos

• Sea Lion Island

• Speedwell Island

• Walker Creek West Falklands: • Albemarle

• Carcass Island

• Chartres

• Dunnose Head

• Fox Bay

• Hill Cove

• Pebble Island

• Port Edgar

• Port Howard

• Port Stevens

• Roy Cove

• Saunders Island

• Weddell Island

BAS destinations

 * Rothera, British Antarctic Territory

title: Port Stanley Airport


text:
Address Unknown (novel)

Address Unknown is a 1938 short novel by Kathrine Taylor. The story, told entirely in letters between two German friends from 1932 to 1934, describes the rise of the Nazi Party and the growing acceptance of what would become the Final Solution in Germany and how the ideology had the power to profoundly change relationships.

Plot
Martin returns to Germany from the United States with his family, exhilarated by the advances in the old country since the humiliation of the Great War. His Jewish business partner, Max, remains in the States to keep their art gallery running. Martin raves about the Third Reich and Hitler and at first, Max is covetous, envying his friend's return "to a democratic Germany... and the beginnings of a fine political freedom." He has misgivings, however, after hearing about violence against Jews and their businesses from those who have left Berlin. Martin dismisses his concerns, saying that Jews are the universal scapegoats and that "a few must suffer for the millions to be saved."

Martin asks Max to stop writing to him out of concern that, if a letter were to be intercepted, his family would be endangered. Max ignores this and continues writing. His sister Griselle, an actress, goes missing in Berlin and he becomes frantic to learn her fate; Martin responds that Griselle is dead. He admits turning her away when she came to him for sanctuary while she was being pursued by the Sturmabteilung. It is revealed that he and Griselle had previously been romantically involved. The contents of Max's letters change, now seemingly focused only on business and the weather, but the language he uses falsely implies that he is using a code. He refers to the exact dimension of pictures and to "our grandmother," implying that Martin is also Jewish. Martin responds, begging him to stop writing as he has been interrogated about each letter that arrives. Max again ignores him and eventually has one of his letters returned from Germany, marked "addressee unknown."

Publication
Story published Address Unknown in 1938. It was released under the name Kressmann Taylor, as the editor Whit Burnett and Taylor's husband Elliott deemed the story "too strong to appear under the name of a woman." She used this name professionally for the rest of her life. Reader's Digest soon reprinted the story and Simon & Schuster published it as a book in 1939, selling 50,000 copies. Foreign publications quickly followed, including a Dutch translation, later confiscated by Nazis, and a German one, published in Moscow. The book was banned in Germany.

The book's afterword, written by Taylor's son, reveals that the idea for the story came from Taylor's experience seeing those returning from Germany turn their backs on their Jewish friends. In 1995, Story Press reissued Address Unknown to mark the 50th anniversary of the liberation of the concentration camps. The story was subsequently translated into more than 20 languages, with the French version selling 600,000 copies. The book finally appeared in Germany in 2001 and was reissued in the United Kingdom in 2002. In Israel, the Hebrew edition was a best-seller and was adapted for stage. Taylor spent the final year of her life signing copies and giving interviews. The book was re-issued again in Ecco Press in 2021.

The title of the book is a mistranslation of the German adressat unbekannt. Adressat is more equivalent to addressee than address.

Adaptations
The novel was adapted into a film of the same name in 1944 and has been performed as a stage play in nearly 100 locations, including in France (2001), Israel (2002 onward), at the Promenade Theater in New York City (2004), Hungary (2008), at the Tron Theatre in Glasgow (2010), at the Koninklijke Schouwburg in the Hague (2011), at Soho Theatre in London (2013), and at the Royal Danish Theatre in Copenhagen (2019).

It has also been performed in Germany, South Africa, Italy, Turkey, Argentina, and in various American cities. In 2020, it was performed by Søren Sætter-Lassen and Lars Mikkelsen, followed by a debate and discussion on how Denmark acted towards Nazi Germany before the war. An adaptation for BBC Radio 4 was broadcast in June 2008 as an Afternoon Play. It starred Henry Goodman as Max and Patrick Malahide as Martin and was adapted and directed by Tim Dee. A dance production was put on by Gabrielle Lansner & Company in New York City in 2003.

It was adapted for Australian radio in 1940 starring Peter Finch.

title: Address Unknown (novel)


text:
Falkirk East (UK Parliament constituency)

Falkirk East was a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1983 until 2005. It was largely replaced by Linlithgow and East Falkirk, with some of its territory going to the new Falkirk constituency.

Boundaries
1983–1997: The Falkirk District electoral divisions of Avonside, Bainsford, Braes, Carriden, Dundas, Kalantyre, Kinneil, Laurmont, and Sealock.

1997–2005: The Falkirk District electoral divisions of Avonside, Braes, Carriden, Dundas, Kalantyre, Kinneil, Laurmont, and Sealock.


text:
California State Route 193

State Route 193 (SR 193) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that runs through Placer and El Dorado counties. It begins as an east–west arterial road running from Lincoln to Newcastle, just west of Auburn. Then after concurrencies with Interstate 80 and State Route 49 through Auburn, SR 193 resumes heading eastward from Cool to Georgetown, then turning south to rejoin SR 49 just north of Placerville.

Route description
SR 193 begins at the eastern city limits of Lincoln. The route formerly began at a junction with what was then SR 65 (now Lincoln Boulevard) in Lincoln, and was known as McBean Park Drive (SR 65 has since relocated to a new bypass alignment). The portion of SR 193 within the city of Lincoln was relinquished to the city in February 2011. The city has since been annexing more territory to include increasing areas of residential development, and thus SR 193's western end has been adjusted accordingly.

After leaving the city of Lincoln, SR 193 becomes known as Lincoln Newcastle Highway and enters rural Placer County. A few miles later, SR 193 passes over the tunnel containing Taylor Road before heading east on Taylor Road to an interchange with I-80 in Newcastle.

SR 193 runs concurrently on I-80 eastbound into the city of Auburn, where it then leaves I-80 and runs concurrently with SR 49. These concurrencies are unsigned. SR 193 resumes as Georgetown Road, heading east from SR 49, the town of Cool, and the Auburn State Recreation Area. The highway passes through the towns of Fords Corner, Greenwood, and Georgetown before turning south and encountering the town of Kelsey after several miles. SR 193 terminates at the northern city limits of Placerville at its second junction with SR 49.

SR 193 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System, but is not part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.

title: California State Route 193


text:
Live Cream

Live Cream (also called Live Cream, Volume 1) is a live compilation album by the British rock band Cream, released in 1970. This album comprises four live tracks recorded in 1968 and one studio track "Lawdy Mama" from 1967. The instrumental track for "Lawdy Mama" is the same as heard on "Strange Brew" with a different vocal and guitar solo by Eric Clapton.

Live Cream hit No. 15 on the Billboard 200, No. 4 on the UK Albums Chart, and No. 10 on the Finnish Album Charts.

Critical reception
In a 1970 review, Rolling Stone magazine called Live Cream "an excellent album" and "well-recorded, controlled, and tense; the timing of the band can capture the listener with an excitement that has nothing to do with nostalgia". Paul Kresh of Stereo Review called it "a strangely uneven set of performances" highlighted by the "studio-made" "Lawdy Mama", which he called "three minutes of truly exciting music." He described the album as "disappointing jazz/rock" with excellent recording and stereo quality, particularly "superb" remixing by Adrian Barber, and felt that the longer tracks "suffer from interludes of aimlessness", but are generally "very good".

In a retrospective review, Allmusic's Bruce Eder gave Live Cream four out of five stars and said that it "could well be their most consistently brilliant album for sheer musicianship", despite only featuring songs from Cream's "least ambitious and most rudimentary album" Fresh Cream (1966). Eder found the group's interplay throughout the jams "fascinating" and asserted that "performances like this single-handedly raised the stakes of musicianship in rock." However, Robert Christgau said, despite side one's "unmistakable and attractive" intensity, he prefers "Clapton's graceful picking on Fresh Cream's 'Sleepy Time Time' over the flat-out distortions here". J. D. Considine, writing in The Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004), gave it two out of five stars and wrote that both Live Cream and its second volume are "muddled leftovers released solely to cash in on the band's enduring popularity." "Ultimate Classic Rock" rated the album in the "Top 100 Live Albums", and said the album found "cool new wrinkles in the old material".

CD version track listing

 * 1) "N.S.U." (Bruce) – 10:12
 * 2) "Sleepy Time Time" (Bruce, Godfrey) – 6:50
 * 3) "Sweet Wine" (Baker, Godfrey) – 15:15
 * 4) "Rollin' and Tumblin'" (Newbern) – 6:42
 * 5) "Lawdy Mama" (Traditional) – 2:46

Personnel
Per liner notes
 * Jack Bruce – bass, harmonica, vocals
 * Eric Clapton – guitar, vocals
 * Ginger Baker – drums, vocals
 * Felix Pappalardi – producer, except on "Lawdy Mama"
 * Ahmet Ertegun – producer on "Lawdy Mama"
 * Robert Stigwood – producer on "Lawdy Mama"
 * Adrian Barber – recording engineer, re-mix engineer
 * Tom Dowd – recording engineer
 * Bill Halverson – recording engineer
 * Stephen Paley – photography

title: Live Cream


text:
Frederick W. M. Holliday

Frederick William Mackey Holliday (February 22, 1828 – May 29, 1899) was a member of the Confederate Congress as well as an officer in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He also became the 38th Governor of Virginia, serving from 1878 to 1882.

Biography
Born in Winchester, Virginia, Holliday was the son of Dr. Richard John and Mary Catherine (née Taylor) Holliday. He attended Winchester Academy and Yale University before earning degrees in philosophy, political economy, and law from the University of Virginia. He was the Commonwealth's Attorney for Frederick County, Virginia from 1861 to 1865.

When the American Civil War began, he was elected as first captain of the Mountain Rangers of Winchester, which became Company D of the 33rd Virginia Infantry Regiment. The unit was part of the Stonewall Brigade in the Army of Northern Virginia. During the Battle of Cedar Mountain, Holliday was wounded in his right arm, which had to be amputated. He resigned from the military as a colonel on March 1, 1864, and was elected to the Second Confederate Congress.

Holliday won the election for Governor of Virginia in 1877 as a Conservative Democrat unopposed. Holliday began his term by breaking the established tradition of small inauguration ceremonies for Virginia governors. His ceremony included parades, bands, cannons, and an inaugural speech to 10,000 people.

Holliday traveled the world after his term as governor. He died at his home in Winchester, Virginia, on May 29, 1899, and was buried in Mount Hebron Cemetery.

title: Frederick W. M. Holliday


text:
Chromium(III) picolinate

Chromium(III) picolinate is a chemical compound with the formula Cr(C5H4N(CO2H))3, commonly abbreviated as CrPic3. It is sold as a nutritional supplement to treat type 2 diabetes and promote weight loss. This bright-red coordination compound is derived from chromium(III) and picolinic acid. Trace amounts (25-35 mcg ) of chromium are needed for glucose utilization by insulin in normal health, but deficiency is extremely uncommon and has been observed usually in people receiving 100% of their nutrient needs intravenously, i.e., total parenteral nutrition diets. Chromium has been identified as regulating insulin by increasing the sensitivity of the insulin receptor. As such, chromium(III) picolinate has been proposed as a treatment for type 2 diabetes, although its effectiveness remains controversial due to conflicting evidence from human trials.

History
A study in 1989 suggested that chromium(III) picolinate may assist in weight loss and increase muscle mass which led to an increase in the usage of chromium(III) picolinate supplements, resulting in it being for a while the second most widely used supplement behind calcium. A 2013 Cochrane review was unable to find "reliable evidence to inform firm decisions" to support such claims. Research has generally shown that it improves insulin sensitivity by either prolonging its activity or up-regulating the production of mRNA to produce more insulin receptors.

Amongst the transition metals, Cr3+ is the most controversial in terms of nutritional value and toxicity. This controversy centers on whether Cr3+ provides any nutritional benefits. Furthermore, this controversy is amplified by the fact that no Cr-containing biomolecules have had their structure characterized, nor has the mode of action been determined. The first experiment that led to the discovery of Cr3+ playing a role in glucose metabolism proposed that the biologically active form of the metal existed in a protein called glucose tolerance factor, however, new evidence suggests that it is simply an artifact obtained from isolation procedures. The only accepted indicator of chromium deficiency is the reversal of symptoms that occurs when chromium(III) supplementation is administered to people on total parenteral nutrition.

Physicochemical properties
Chromium(III) picolinate is a pinkish-red compound and was first reported in 1917. It is poorly soluble in water, having a solubility of 600 μM in water at near neutral pH. Similar to other chromium(III) compounds, it is relatively inert and unreactive, meaning that this complex is stable at ambient conditions and high temperatures are required to decompose the compound. At lower pH levels, the complex hydrolyzes to release picolinic acid and free Cr3+.

Structure
Chromium(III) picolinate has a distorted octahedral geometry and is isostructural to cobalt (III) and manganese (III) counterparts. Chromium(III) is a hard lewis acid and as such has high affinity to the carboxylate oxygen and medium affinity to the pyridine nitrogen of picolinate. Each picolinate ligand acts as a bidentate chelating agent and neutralizes the +3 charge of Cr3+. Evidence that the Cr3+ center coordinates to the pyridine nitrogen comes from a shift in the IR spectra of a C=N vibration at 1602.4 cm−1 for free picolinic acid to 1565.9 cm−1 for chromium(III) picolinate. The bond length between Cr3+ and the nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring on picolinate ranges from 2.047 to 2.048 Å. The picolinate ligand coordinates to Cr3+ only when deprotonated and this is evident by the disappearance of IR bands ranging from 2400 to 2800 cm−1 (centered at 2500 cm−1) and 1443 cm−1, corresponding to the O-H stretching and bending, respectively, on the carboxyl functional group. Furthermore, this IR shift also indicates that only one oxygen atom from the carboxylate of picolinate coordinates to the Cr3+ center. The Cr-O bond length ranges from 1.949 to 1.957 Å. The crystal structure has only been recently described in 2013. Water does not coordinate to the Cr3+ center and is instead thought to hydrogen bond between other Cr(Pic)3 complexes to form a network of Cr(Pic)3 complexes.

Biochemistry of chromium(III) picolinate
Chromium has been identified as an essential nutrient in maintaining normal blood glucose levels and as such, it is proposed to interact with two naturally occurring molecules found within the body. These interactions are most likely to occur through coordination with hard ligands such as aspartate and glutamate, as Cr(III) itself is a hard metal.

Absorption and excretion of chromium(III) picolinate
Once chromium(III) picolinate is ingested and enters the stomach, acidic hydrolysis of the complex occurs when in contact with the stomach mucosa. The hydrolyzed Cr3+ is present in the hexaaqua form and polymerizes to form an insoluble Cr(III)-hydroxide-oxide (the process of olation) once it reaches the alkaline pH of the small intestine. Approximately 2% of Cr3+ is absorbed through the gut as chromium(III) picolinate via unsaturated passive transport. Although absorption is low, CrPic3 absorbs more efficiently than other organic and inorganic sources (i.e. CrCl3 and chromium nicotinate) and thus accumulate at higher concentrations in tissues. This has been one major selling point for chromium(III) picolinate over other chromium(III) supplements. Organic sources tend to absorb better as they have ligands which are more lipophilic and usually neutralize the charge of the metal, thus permitting for easier passage through the intestinal membrane.

It has also been shown that dietary factors affect Cr3+ absorption. Starch, simple sugars, oxalic acid, and some amino acids tend to increase the rate of absorption of chromium(III). This is a result of ligand chelation, converting hexaaqua Cr3+ into more lipophilic forms. In contrast, calcium, magnesium, titanium, zinc, vanadium, and iron reduce the rate of absorption. Presumably, these ions introduce new metal-ligand equilibria, thus decreasing the lipophilic ligand pool available to Cr3+. Once absorbed into the bloodstream, 80% of the Cr3+ from CrPic3 is passed along to transferrin. The exact mechanism of release is currently unknown, however, it is believed not to occur by a single electron reduction, as in the case of Fe3+, due to the high instability of Cr2+. Administered Cr3+ can be found in all tissues ranging from 10 to 100 μg/kg body weight. It is excreted primarily in the urine (80%) while the rest is excreted in sweat and feces.

Binding of chromium(III) to transferrin
Transferrin, in addition to chromodulin has been identified as a major physiological chromium transport agent, although a recent study found that Cr3+ in fact disables transferrin from acting as a metal ion transport agent. While transferrin is highly specific for ferric ions, at normal conditions, only 30% of transferrin molecules are saturated with ferric ions, allowing for other metals, particularly those with a large charge to size ratio, to bind as well. The binding sites consist of a C-lobe and an N-lobe which are nearly identical in structure. Each lobe contains aspartic acid, histidine, 2 tyrosine residues and a bicarbonate ion that acts as a bidentate ligand to allow iron or other metals to bind to transferrin in a distorted octahedral geometry. Evidence supporting the binding of Cr3+ to transferrin comes from extensive clinical studies that showed a positive correlation between levels of ferritin and of fasting glucose, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) levels. Furthermore, an in vivo study in rats showed that 80% of isotopically labelled Cr3+ ended up on transferrin while the rest were bound to albumin. An in vitro study showed that when chromium(III) chloride was added to isolated transferrin, the Cr3+ readily bound transferrin, owing to changes in the UV-Vis spectrum. The formation constant for Cr3+ in the C-lobe is 1.41 x 1010 M−1 and 2.04 x 105 M−1 in the N-lobe, which indicates that Cr3+ preferentially binds the C-lobe. Overall, the formation constant for chromium(III) is lower than that of the ferric ion. The bicarbonate ligand is crucial in binding Cr3+ as when bicarbonate concentrations are very low, the binding affinity is also significantly lower. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies have shown that below pH 6, chromium(III) binds only to the N-lobe and that at near neutral pH, chromium(III) binds to the C-lobe as well. Chromium(III) can compete with the ferric ion for binding to the C-lobe when the saturation greatly exceeds 30%. As such, these effects are only seen in patients with hemochromatosis, an iron-storage disease characterized by excessive iron saturation in transferrin.

Mechanism of action

Low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance (LMWCr; also known as chromodulin) is an oligopeptide that seems to bind chromium(III) in the body. It consists of four amino acid residues; aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, and glycine, bonded with four (Cr3+) centers. It interacts with the insulin receptor, by prolonging kinase activity through stimulating the tyrosine kinase pathway, thus leading to improved glucose absorption. It has been confused with glucose tolerance factor. Despite recent efforts to characterize chromodulin, the exact structure is still relatively unknown.

Although chromodulin's exact mechanism of action on the insulin receptor is currently unknown, one commonly described mechanism is presented below. This proposed mechanism has the highest amount of agreement with various experiments involving chromodulin.

Normally, chromodulin exists in the apochromodulin form, which is free of Cr(III) ions and has minimal activity on insulin receptors. The apochromodulin is stored in insulin sensitive cells in the nucleus. When blood glucose levels rise, insulin is released into the bloodstream and binds to an external α-subunit of the insulin receptor, a transmembrane protein. The insulin receptor consists of 2 extracellular α-subunits and 2 transmembrane β-subunits. As soon as insulin binds to the insulin receptor, a conformational change in the receptor occurs, causing all 3 tyrosine residues (located in the β-subunits) to be phosphorylated. This activates the receptor and allows it to transmit the signal from insulin to the cell. As mentioned above, absorbed chromium(III) picolinate eventually gives up Cr3+ to transferrin. In turn, transferrin transports Cr3+ to insulin sensitive cells (i.e. adipocytes) where it binds to apochromodulin to form holochromodulin. Holochromodulin binds to the insulin receptor, which assists in maintaining the active conformation of the insulin receptor by prolonging the kinase activity of kinases or up-regulating the amount of insulin receptor mRNA levels, thus decreasing blood glucose levels.

Experiments were able to show that chromium(III) was capable of up-regulating insulin-stimulated insulin signal transduction via affecting downstream molecules of the IR, as evidenced by enhanced levels of tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, elevated Thr308 and Ser473 phosphorylation of Akt, and increased PI3-K activity in a variety of cellular and animal models. The increased IRS-1 phosphorylation led to increased insulin receptor sensitivity while Akt and PI3-K led to enhanced GLUT4 translocation to the cell surface, thus causing greater uptake of glucose.

It has also been shown that chromium(III) can alleviate insulin resistance by reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress is defined as an accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the ER lumen. ER stress leads to stimulation of c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK), which in turn phosphorylates the serine residue of IRS, leading to suppression of insulin signaling cascade and less glucose uptake. Experimental findings suggest that chromium inhibits ER stress and hence the suppression of insulin signaling is uplifted. The exact mechanism is unknown.

Another way that Cr(III) may prolong the insulin receptor's kinase activity is through the oxidation of a critical active site cysteine residue on protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Normally, PTP1B dephosphorylates phosphotyrosine residues by carrying out nucleophilic attack on the phosphate group via its cysteine residue, thus inactivating the insulin receptor. This process removes the phosphate group from the tyrosine residue to form a Cys–S–PO32− group that is subsequently hydrolyzed by water to regenerate the cysteine residue, permitting for another round of action. Research has shown that chromium(III) may in fact cause irreversible inhibition of PTP1B. It is thought that Cr(III) is converted to Cr(VI) or Cr(V) (through the action of oxidoreductases) which then oxidize the thiol of the cysteine residue on PTP1B to sulfenic acid, consequently rendering it unable to attack the phosphate group on phosphotyrosine. However, this is only a plausible mechanism, and no direct evidence has been shown to support this hypothesis. When the signal cascade is turned off, holochromodulin is eliminated in urine since the formation constant is too large to remove Cr(III) directly. Experimental evidence has shown that the loss of chromodulin from cells is correlated with an increase in chromium concentrations in the urine after ingesting food rich in carbohydrates (i.e. glucose).

Body weight
Chromium(III) picolinate has been marketed in the United States as an aid to body development for athletes and as a means of losing weight. Reviews have reported either no effect on either muscle growth or fat loss, or else a modest but statistically significant -1.1 kg (2.4 lb) weight loss in trials longer than 12 weeks. The European Food Safety Authority reviewed the literature and concluded that there was insufficient evidence to support a claim.

Diabetes
There are claims that the picolinate form of chromium supplementation aids in reducing insulin resistance and improving glucose metabolism, particularly in type 2 diabetics, but reviews showed no association between chromium and glucose or insulin concentrations for non-diabetics, and inconclusive results for diabetics. The authors of the second review mentioned that chromium picolinate decreased HbA1c levels by 0.7% in type 2 diabetes patients, they observed that poor quality studies produced larger positive outcomes than higher quality studies. Two reviews concluded that chromium(III) picolinate may be more effective at lowering blood glucose levels compared to other chromium-containing dietary supplements.

In 2005, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a qualified health claim for chromium picolinate as a dietary supplement relating to insulin resistance and risk of type 2 diabetes. Any company wishing to make such a claim must use the exact wording: "One small study suggests that chromium picolinate may reduce the risk of insulin resistance, and therefore possibly may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. FDA concludes, however, that the existence of such a relationship between chromium picolinate and either insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes is highly uncertain." As part of the petition review process, the FDA rejected other claims for reducing abnormally elevated blood sugar, risk of cardiovascular disease, risk of retinopathy or risk of kidney disease. In 2006 the FDA added that the "relationship between chromium(III) picolinate intake and insulin resistance is highly uncertain".

Variability of studies
There was no consistency observed in clinical results relating chromium(III) picolinate to adequate treatment of type 2 diabetes. This is due to the degree of glucose intolerance of patients that participate in the clinical studies. Glucose intolerance is a gradient and the intensity is affected by ethnicity, degree of obesity, age, distribution of body fat and many other factors. In some studies, low dosages of the supplement were given, however, a suitable amount of chromium(III) picolinate must be administered to a person before any appreciable drop in glucose levels is observed due to differing levels of insulin resistance. Another important point to mention is that diabetes is not always caused by glucose intolerance. As mentioned before, Cr(III) has been shown to only influence glucose intolerance and not insulin levels. Furthermore, the environments in which the studies were performed were not consistent. The levels of stress, diets consumed by patients and patient genetics were variable among study subjects. This is also true of the controls amongst different studies in which the subjects having diabetes were already being treated with a wide variety of antidiabetic drugs, which can reduce the effects of chromium on affecting insulin activity. This could explain why animal studies tend to yield more positive results owing to the fact that these diabetic animals were not treated with antidiabetic drugs for the control group. Also, as mentioned in the absorption and excretion section, the absorption/bioavailability of chromium(III) picolinate is influenced by the diet. Collectively, these different factors have contributed to the variability in the studies.

Safety and toxicity
Initial concerns were raised that chromium(III) picolinate is more likely to cause DNA damage and mutation than other forms of trivalent chromium, but these results are also debated. These concerns were based, in part, on studies in fruit flies, where chromium(III) picolinate supplementation generates chromosomal aberrations, impedes progeny development, and causes sterility and lethal mutations.

A study was published to assess the toxicity of Cr(III) picolinate on humans. The researchers that conducted this study used previous knowledge that Cr(III) is reduced to Cr(II) by cellular reductants such as NADH or cysteine. This reduced form of Cr(II) is shown to react with H2O2 to generate radical species which in turn oxidize DNA base pairs. With this knowledge in mind, the researchers administered ten women with 400 μg of chromium(III) picolinate a day for an eight-week period. By measuring the amount of an oxidized DNA base pair, 5-hydroxymethyl uracil using antibody titers, the group could infer the amount of DNA base pair oxidation occurring in direct relation to chromium(III) picolinate. The results of the study suggested that chromium(III) picolinate itself does not cause significant chromosomal damage in vivo.

Generally speaking, it has been shown that chromium(III) picolinate is not toxic to humans. For most adults, it can be taken orally in doses up 1000 μg per day. This low toxicity has generally been associated with low absorbance of Cr(III) in the body through the lungs, skin and gastrointestinal tract, coupled with high excretion. Normally, 99% of chromium(III) taken can be recovered in the feces of the user. There have been isolated instances of chromium(III) supplementation leading to kidney failure, however this relationship is unclear and has yet to be tested.

Regulation of chromium(III) picolinate
In 2004, the UK Food Standards Agency advised consumers to use other forms of trivalent chromium in preference to chromium(III) picolinate until specialist advice was received from the Committee on Mutagenicity. This was due to concerns raised by the Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals that chromium(III) picolinate might be genotoxic (cause cancer). The committee also noted two case reports of kidney failure that might have been caused by this supplement and called for further research into its safety. In December 2004, the Committee on Mutagenicity published its findings, which concluded that "overall it can be concluded that the balance of the data suggest that chromium(III) picolinate should be regarded as not being mutagenic in vitro" and that "the available in-vivo tests in mammals with chromium(III) picolinate are negative". Following these findings, the UK Food Standards Agency withdrew its advice to avoid chromium(III) picolinate, though it plans to keep its advice about chromium supplements under review.

In 2010, chromium(III) picolinate was approved by Health Canada to be used in dietary supplements. Approved labeling statements include: a factor in the maintenance of good health, provides support for healthy glucose metabolism, helps the body to metabolize carbohydrates and helps the body to metabolize fats.

title: Chromium(III) picolinate


text:
User talk:JustasP

Welcome!

Hi there JustasP and welcome to Wikipedia. I'm Banes. Thank you for joining this project. I sincerely hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian (trust me, being a Wikipedian can be great fun)! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or feel free ask me on my Talk page. You are most welcome to drop me a line anytime. Again, welcome! Its good to have you with us.  Ban e  s  16:29, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:JustasP


text:
Rickmansworth School

Rickmansworth School is a co-educational secondary school and sixth form in Croxley Green, Hertfordshire, near the town of Rickmansworth.

Founded as a grammar school in 1953, the school became comprehensive in 1969, and an academy in 2011. Today, the school is partially selective, accepting 25% of the Year 7 intake based on tests in mathematics and verbal reasoning, and 10% on musical aptitude, with the remaining intake being comprehensive.

Location
The school stands in twenty-six acres of Metropolitan Green Belt woodland situated in a residential area well served by road and rail, on the south side of the A412 road. The M25 motorway is five minutes distance by car, and Croxley and Rickmansworth Metropolitan line stations are ten- and fifteen-minute walks respectively. Watford Junction station (National Rail to London Euston) is fifteen to twenty minutes by car.

Grammar school (1953–1969)
Rickmansworth Grammar School was the fifth grammar school to be built after the war. The school was built on the site of a house called Briery Close, which had been the residence of the vicar of Rickmansworth but had fallen vacant before the war. Because building at the site ran late, the first intake in September 1953 was housed in a school in Oxhey, until the Scots Hill premises opened in September 1954. The school was formally opened on 20 June 1956 by Countess Mountbatten of Burma. In the mid-1960s it had around 940 boys and girls, and was situated in 18 acre of land.

Comprehensive (1969–2011)
In September 1969 the school ceased to be academically selective and became fully comprehensive. The School was maintained as a county school by the Hertfordshire local education authority until September 1990, when it was among the first schools in the country to take advantage of the opportunity offered by grant-maintained status to become a self-governing school.

In 2003 the school was designated as a specialist Arts College, with a major focus on performing arts, and in April 2008 was awarded a second specialism as in Science. The school continues with the specialisms today.

Academy (2011-)
On 1 April 2011, Rickmansworth School officially converted to an academy.

In May 2013, Stephen Burton, who had been headmaster for 13 years, had decided to step down. In July 2013, it was announced that Keith Douglas was to become the school's new headmaster in January 2014. The current headteacher of Rickmansworth School is Matthew Fletcher.

Mitchell and Webb
The school appeared in an episode of the BBC comedy That Mitchell and Webb Look in the sketch "The Surprising Adventures of Sir Digby Chicken-Caesar", in which the heroic duo break into the house of an elderly woman, tie her up and pretend that they are visiting "Dear Auntie Marigold". They steal her television and are pursued. Ginger is beaten up. They break into Rickmansworth School and steal scientific equipment in order to make crystal meth.

Academic results
Its standing in comparison with the national average is very favourable at GCSE level and A Level. Its results at GCSE and A level are similar to a grammar school.

Notable alumni

 * George Banks, actor, Coronation Street
 * Phil Clarke, Head of Comedy since 2013 at Channel 4, producer of Peep Show
 * Adam Godley, actor
 * Adrian Newman, Church of England bishop
 * Nick Stringer, England international and London Wasps rugby player
 * Kyla La Grange, singer
 * Dr. Ken Smith (Teacher at the school), First Chairman of Bury Lake Young Mariners

title: Rickmansworth School


text:
User talk:167.21.254.12

Blocked for 3 years for unending vandalism
Reaper Eternal (talk) 20:07, 9 November 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:167.21.254.12


text:
Talk:California State Route 193

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on California State Route 193. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121014034331/http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=shc&group=00001-01000&file=250-257 to http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=shc&group=00001-01000&file=250-257

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:05, 29 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:California State Route 193


text:
San Leon

San Leon may refer to:

 * San Leon, Texas, a census designated place in Texas
 * San Leon Energy, an Irish energy company
 * San Leon del Amazonas

title: San Leon


text:
Aquaman: Battle for Atlantis

Aquaman: Battle for Atlantis is a 2003 action-adventure video game for the Xbox and GameCube systems. Developed by Lucky Chicken Games and published by TDK, it is based on Peter David's controversial interpretation of the DC Comics character Aquaman. It was released exclusively in North America on July 30, 2003, and received generally unfavorable reviews.

Plot
After a long absence and being presumed dead, Aquaman's mortal enemy Black Manta has returned. Bringing with him waves upon waves of dedicated warriors, Manta intends to terrorize and ultimately destroy Aquaman's kingdom of Atlantis. In order to protect his subjects and the rest of the seven seas from Manta's evil machinations, Aquaman must venture into his city, save his people, and defeat Black Manta. Little does he know, however, that there is an even greater enemy waiting, who will attempt to take the Throne of Atlantis right out from under him.

Gameplay
The purpose of the game is to save Atlantis from doom. The story is told by cutscenes that do not use animation or voices. Instead, it is told by text that accompanies pictures, like a comic book. The player progresses by swimming around the level and defeating the enemies there. The levels are filled with empty ruined buildings that Aquaman sometimes has to swim around. When Aquaman fights, he can punch, kick and grapple with his opponents to defeat them. There are also times throughout the game where the player can pilot crafts through the water and shoot down enemy submarines.

Development
In October 2001, TDK Mediactive reached a long-term deal with DC Comics to develop video games based on the Aquaman character, starting with the newly released platforms of the sixth console generation. The announcement specified that the games would be created on multiple platforms, and that the first game would likely see release sometime in 2002. Lucky Chicken Games was chosen as the development studio for the game that would come to be titled Aquaman: Battle for Atlantis, and the game was scheduled for release in mid-2003.

The release of the game coincided with a newly launching volume of the Aquaman ongoing series from DC Comics, which also debuted in 2003 with a new #1 issue.

Reception
The game received "generally unfavorable" reviews on both platforms according to the review aggregator website Metacritic.

title: Aquaman: Battle for Atlantis


text:
Talk:Royal Palace of Caserta

Comment
Someone with more confidence than grasp of nuance moved Palace of Caserta to Caserta Palace..." like other palaces around the world that use the english term "palace" in the title". Such as Versaillespalace and Louvrepalace, no doubt. --Wetman 16:31, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks are due to User:Gryffindor for making the change back that I'd not dared to.--Wetman (talk) 18:30, 21 September 2009 (UTC)

Total surface
In the network there are in fact only information about the encumbrance of the structure itself, ie 47000 square meters (the royal palace has in fact a side of 247 meters in length and the other of 190 meters, for a result precisely of 46930 square meters) This result however it should be multiplied by the 5 floors of the palace, to arrive at a more probable result of 160 thousand square meters approximately. This figure was obtained by subtracting the 47.000 square meters overall size of the 15000 square meters of the four inner courts (each 3848 square meters wide, being side rectangles of 74x52 meters) obtaining the "net" surface of each plan, ie 31600 meters. 31600 square meters for 5 floors it gives a result of 160 thousand square meters approximately. To get a sense of the enormous size of the Palace unjustly considered to 47,000 square meters, the Palace of Versailles in France has "only" 67 thousand square meters, ie not even half of the surface summarily calculated by me of 160 thousand square meters, or with the Royal Palace in Madrid, also of five floors and with a nominal surface of 135 thousand square meters, but Caserta is visibly larger. 82.57.17.215 (talk) 00:34, 8 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Furthermore, in most of the building there are large rooms that occupy 2 floors (clearly visible from the section), as well as the gallery on the ground floor. I think the real floor area is a lot less than 160 thousand square meters.--Podz00 (talk) 19:58, 18 May 2019 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Palace of Caserta. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141019204401/http://www.reggiadicaserta.beniculturali.it/index.php/guida-alla-reggia.html to http://www.reggiadicaserta.beniculturali.it/index.php/guida-alla-reggia.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:49, 11 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Royal Palace of Caserta


text:
Nicodemus Tessin the Elder

Nicodemus Tessin the Elder (Nicodemus Tessin den äldre) (7 December 1615 in Stralsund – 24 May 1681 in Stockholm) was an important Swedish architect.

Biography
Nicodemus Tessin was born in Stralsund in Pomerania and came to Sweden as a young man. There he met and worked with the architect Simon de la Vallée. He worked for the Swedish Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna before he travelled for further studies to Germany, Italy, France and in the Netherlands, where he got to know the new Baroque style in architecture. Back in Sweden he rebuilt Borgholm Castle, then built Skokloster Castle and the Wrangel Palace in Stockholm. His most important work was Drottningholm Palace, now a world heritage site.

Upon his death his son Nicodemus Tessin the Younger continued his projects.

Selected works

 * Borgholm Castle
 * Drottningholm Palace
 * Bonde Palace
 * Skokloster Castle
 * Strömsholm Palace
 * Näsby castle
 * Stenbock Palace
 * Wrangel Palace
 * Bååt Palace
 * Kalmar Cathedral

Literature

 * K. Neville, Nicodemus Tessin the Elder. Architecture in Sweden in the Age of Greatness, Turnhout, Brepols Publishers, 2009, ISBN 978-2-503-52826-7

title: Nicodemus Tessin the Elder


text:
Clóvis Bornay

Clóvis Bornay (January 10, 1916 – October 9, 2005) was a Brazilian museologist, actor, and maker of Carnival costumes for more than 40 years, which made him famous throughout the nation, and he continues to be honored and the subject at Carnival parades today. He also composed some of the Carnival songs in the 1960s and 1970s and was the costume designer for the Salgueiro parade in 1966; Unidos de Lucas from 1967 to 1969; GRES Portela in 1969 and 1970, where he won at this carnival for his theme "Legends and Mysteries of the Amazon"; GRES Mocidade Independente de Padre Miguel in 1972 and 1973; and lastly Unidos da Tijuca in 1973.

He was born of Spanish and Swiss parents in Nova Friburgo, near Rio de Janeiro, where he died on October 9, 2005, at age 89. He started designing the 1930s until eventually starting at carnivals.

title: Clóvis Bornay


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Horwich Prize Medal Morris Men

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Linuxbeak | Talk 22:02, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Horwich Prize Medal Morris Men
I think this is a vanity page. No real claim to notability. Dunc|☺ 16:33, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless notability is established by author.--Isotope23 18:30, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/CommandN

Keep it go to www.commandn.tv

Don't delete, one of the best tech vidcasts on the net!

Keep Canadian Vidcast on Wikipedia
This is a major videocast, like systm, that is watched by thousands of people on a daily basis. There are many other articles that do not belong on Wikipedia that are worse than this. Why kill an article that people are going to read?


text:
Quebrada de Humahuaca

The Quebrada de Humahuaca is a narrow mountain valley located in the province of Jujuy in northwest Argentina, 1649 km north of Buenos Aires (-23.19972°N, -65.34889°W). It is about 155 km long, oriented north–south, bordered by the Altiplano in the west and north, by the Sub-Andean hills in the east, and by the warm valleys (Valles Templados) in the south.

The name quebrada (literally "broken") translates as a deep valley or ravine. It receives its name from Humahuaca, a small city of 11,000 inhabitants. The Grande River (Río Grande), which is dry in winter, flows copiously through the Quebrada in the summer.

The region has always been a crossroads for economic, social and cultural communication. It has been populated for at least 10,000 years, since the settlement of the first hunter-gatherers, which is evidenced by substantial prehistoric remains. In particular, many stone-walled agricultural terraces, thought to originate more than 1500 years ago, are found throughout the region and are still in use today. The field system links a series of fortified towns called pucaras. The valley was later a caravan road for the Inca Empire in the 15th century, then an important link between the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and the Viceroyalty of Peru, as well as a stage for many battles of the Spanish War of Independence.

The Quebrada de Humahuaca was designated a protected landscape in 2000. It was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 2 July 2003.

title: Quebrada de Humahuaca


text:
Shmuel Dovid Halberstam

Rabbi Shmiel Dovid Halberstam (שמואל דוד הלברשטאם), also known as the Sanz-Klausenberger Rebbe, is the younger son and one of the successors of Rabbi Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam, the previous Klausenberger Rebbe. He resides in Brooklyn, New York.

Biography
He is one of seven children born in his father's second marriage to Chaya Nechama Ungar, daughter of the Nitra Rav, Rabbi Shmuel Dovid Ungar. He was named after his mother's father, who was murdered in the Holocaust. His older brother, Rabbi Zvi Elimelech Halberstam, is the Sanzer Rebbe of Israel, and he also has five sisters. He married Tzipora Weider, daughter of Rabbi Aharon Wieder, the Linzer Rav, who was a long-time dayan in the Klausenberger beis din (rabbinical court) in America.

Rabbi Halberstam is the leader of North American operations for the Mifal HaShas Torah study network founded by his father, and honoree president of the Kolel Chibas Yerushalayim charity organization in the name of Reb Meir Baal HaNess.

He is known for his effusive and lengthy prayers.

title: Shmuel Dovid Halberstam


text:
Talk:Music from "The Elder"

bought album in 1981
Just in case anybody is interested, I bought this album back in 1981 when it came out, because I was a ' "no matter what KISS junkie."'  (I didn't join the KISS Army fan Club, though.) Back then, there were two formats, Cassette, or Vinyl LP. I happen to have both, because I had a stereo with turntable and one of the first ever Sony Walkman cassette machines... I don't have mine anymore, but I still have the cassette and the Vinyl LP. Sure would like the CD, properly remastered... Michael 15:14, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

It saddens me when Kiss members diss the Elder. It's a great album. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.12.144.21 (talk) 00:01, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

Bad page name: title of (Music from) The Elder should not have quotes
This page has a bad name. There should not be quote marks around the words The Elder in the album's title (or in the page name). The album's title is (Music from) The Elder; the never-made movie would have been called The Elder. The title of a movie or an album ought to be shown in italics, not in quotes. Therefore, the redirect is in the wrong direction, and this page should appear at (Music from) The Elder. Ferdinand Cesarano 20:36, 16 February 2006 (UTC)
 * The album itself shows quotes. See  and.

Drums on "Odyssey"
This kissfaq website seems to contradict itself a little bit. While Eric Carr admited to being replaced on the song "I" in interviews, he never mentioned anything about being replaced on drums for the track "Odyssey". On the same website that's linked for referrence on the track listing, makes no mention of Schwartzberg playing drums on "Odyssey".

I have no arguement about Carr being replaced on "I". He admited to it in interviews and the drums on that track does not sound like his playing. However, I'm stating that the comment on his being replaced on "Odyssey" be removed since the source sited contradicts itself and there is no other referrence to back the claim up, unless someone else can find it. Darwin's Bulldog 01:21, 3 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Sounds fair. My new copy of KISS Album Focus is arriving soon, and I expect it will have the answer to this problem.  --cholmes75 (chit chat) 01:54, 3 July 2006 (UTC)
 * OK - According to the book, Allan played on both songs. --cholmes75 (chit chat) 19:04, 7 July 2006 (UTC)
 * There are some lead guitar parts on songs that Ace did probably not play on. Any idea who contributed there? Repkow (talk) 15:13, 16 July 2008 (UTC)
 * According to who? Please don't speculate here on what you think Ace's sound does or does not resemble on the record - we require Reliable Sources referenced info only. 98.67.178.132 (talk) 22:49, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

Track Listing
I relisted the track listing to showcase the version that is currently available. My reasoning is that if someone who's never heard of the album before saw the original listing, he might potientially get confused if he was to find the album in stores with a track listing that differed from the original one. Darwin's Bulldog 04:37, 16 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, but the article specifically states that the original track order was out of sequence, which I think would eliminate any possible confusion. --cholmes75 (chit chat) 23:34, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

correct genre
this is album isn't just hard rock,its also Art Rock or Progressive,please fix it I don't want to mess it up. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.228.0.153 (talk) 04:32, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I think it would acceptable to call this album "Art Rock" simply because of the concept (and the fact that RS magazine compared it to Jethro Tull. Prog Rock would be a definite stretch though. Jcam (talk) 20:50, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

Missing Youtube Australia 2004 Tour Citation
On February 21, 2010, Youtube reports that the video citation supporting the statement that Gene Simmons had forgotten most of the lyrics to the song "I" had been removed due to terms of use violation. Xin Jing (talk) 16:52, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

Movie
I don't see mentioned anywhere in the article, the fact that this album was intended to accompany the movie of the same name, that was never made.Mk5384 (talk) 07:50, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

Changes Needed
Footnote 4 no longer exists so it should be removed and the section associated with it needs a citation.

Footnote 6 URL is dead. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/music-from-the-elder-19820218 is a possible replacement.

Footnote 8 URL is dead.

BACKGROUND The background section is bloated, obtuse and most of it needs eraser. Only the last couple of sentences are applicable to this article. The rest belongs in other articles, where, as luck would have it, already exist!

title: Talk:Music from "The Elder"


text:
1897–98 in Belgian football

The 1897–98 season was the third competitive season in Belgian football.

Overview
Only one official league existed at the time. It was called Coupe de Championnat (Championship Cup) and was disputed between 5 teams as no new team was admitted.

No team was relegated this season since the FA decided to split the division into two leagues. Four new teams were thus admitted at the end of the season and they formed one of the two leagues: F.C. Brugeois (that had already played in the first competitive season), C.S. Brugeois, R.C. Gantois and F.C. Courtraisien.

title: 1897–98 in Belgian football


text:
Law of Bermuda

The law of Bermuda is based on the common law legal system of England and Wales.

Sources of law

 * The law of England and Wales as it stood in 1620 – of all kinds: common law, equity and statute – became the law of Bermuda at that time, and it remains so to the extent that other sources have not changed it.
 * The Parliament of Bermuda enacts statutes on all domestic legal issues.
 * Bermuda has a body of delegated legislation.
 * Precedents established in Bermuda courts are binding on equal and lower courts.
 * Precedents established in the courts of England and Wales have force in Bermuda to the extent that they are "on-point". This is an issue because Bermuda statute law and England and Wales statute law are usually different. A particular example of this has arisen since the implementation of the Woolf reforms in England and Wales in 1998, since they do not apply in Bermuda. The effect has been that case law on Bermuda court procedure, except local case law, has stagnated since that date.

Immigration
The main categories of resident in Bermuda are:
 * Bermudian status — Bermuda does not have its own nationality law. Bermudians are British Overseas Territories citizens by default, which is the island's de facto citizenship. Bermudian status can be obtained:
 * 1) By birth — Although it is possible to be born Bermudian, simply being born in Bermuda does not automatically confer this status. One must be born in Bermuda to a parent who holds Bermudian status, in order to be considered Bermudian by birth.
 * 2) Through residence — A subset of permanent residents, who have been living on the island since 1989, can apply for Bermudian status if they are Commonwealth citizens.
 * Spouse of a Bermudian — This status confers many of the rights of a Bermudian (free access to the job market, for example) but does not itself bring status rights. People with this status eventually become Bermudian in their own right after ten years. However the status is lost if the marriage itself breaks down.
 * Permanent resident — Immigration law reform in 1998 severely restricted the ability of new persons to come to Bermuda and obtain Bermudian status. Persons without status residing on the island since 1989 became eligible for permanent residence certificates, which allowed them to stay and work on the island indefinitely, but without the right to vote, subject to a high landowning tax and without the right to own local businesses.  Their spouses and relatives remain eligible to obtain permanent residence certificates.  Such people are known locally as "PRCs".
 * Guest worker — Persons with work permits may work and reside on the island with their spouses and minor children for the term of their permit (usually 30 days-5 years, although 10 year permits are possible). Permits are tied to a specific employer and job, and that job generally must be offered to Bermudians, spouses or PRCs before a work permit will be issued. Their spouses and children may not work without themselves obtaining a work permit. Work permits can be renewed. There is no provision in the law for work permit holders or their family to acquire any permanent residence or citizenship rights over time.
 * Property owner — A person who owns property under a licence (see property law, below) does not thereby acquire any citizenship rights. However such people are entitled to reside in Bermuda.

Company law

 * Two types of company can be incorporated in Bermuda:
 * 1) a local company, which is owned 60% or more by Bermudians; and
 * 2) an exempt company, which is owned chiefly by non-Bermudians
 * As a matter of broad principle (to which there are many exceptions):
 * only a local company may trade in Bermuda (there is a similar restriction on foreign companies, and on non-Bermudian sole traders and partnerships);
 * only local companies are expected to contribute to the local economy through taxation.
 * exempt companies may have a physical presence in, and employ staff in, Bermuda.

Property law

 * All conveyancing in Bermuda is unregistered. Bermuda has no equivalent of the British Law of Property Act 1925.
 * Bermuda has no capital gains taxes, but there is ad valorem Stamp Duty on sales and gifts of real estate.
 * Generally, Bermuda real estate cannot be vested in a corporation, except:
 * in a trust company;
 * in the management company of a condominium; or
 * in other cases with the permission of the minister, strictly limited by policy.
 * Bermuda real estate cannot be vested in a non-Bermudian, nor in a trust which may benefit a non-Bermudian, unless a licence is obtained on behalf of the non-Bermudian. The fee for the licence is a substantial percentage of the market value of the real estate.
 * With some limited exceptions, only real estate in the hands of non-Bermudians is available for sale to non-Bermudians.
 * It is common for Bermuda real estate to be owned by trusts.

Trust law

 * See also Trust law

 * It is illegal to act as a trustee, as a business, without a licence. Generally, licences are only granted to corporations, so almost all professional trustees are trust companies. A professional person may act as a trustee if (and only if) he or she has a connection with a licensed trust company, and delegates certain functions to that trust company.
 * Unpaid private trustees are fairly common, although usually only for domestic trusts (see below).
 * The residence of a trust follows the residence of its trustees. A trust is therefore only Bermuda resident if a majority of its trustees are Bermuda resident.
 * Generally, Bermuda tax law is generous in its treatment of non-Bermuda assets, which include foreign currencies even where held at Bermuda banks. There is usually no tax charge in Bermuda (for example, to Stamp Duty) on settling non-Bermuda assets into trusts, nor on the income those assets produce, nor on their sale, nor on their distribution to beneficiaries. Like the other offshore financial centers ("tax havens") this has led to the use of Bermuda trusts by settlors and beneficiaries from higher-tax jurisdictions.
 * By contrast, Bermuda assets are generally charged to ad valorem Stamp Duty upon being settled into trust.
 * Bermuda (by statute) recognises the concept of non-charitable purpose trusts.
 * Domestic trusts (that is, trusts settled by Bermudians, with Bermudian beneficiaries) are very common, due to the stamp duty legislation, which imposes a tax of up to 15% of the value of Bermuda-assets in an estate on death, but does not tax an interest in a discretionary trust.

Litigation and the Bermuda court system

 * Together with a number of tribunals, Bermuda has a three-tier court system:
 * 1) Magistrates Court, with a mainly criminal jurisdiction;
 * 2) Supreme Court, with a civil and criminal jurisdiction, covers the roles of the English Crown Court, County Court and High Court. Among others, this includes the Commercial Court.
 * 3) Court of Appeal has equivalent status to the English Court of Appeal. There is a further right of appeal to the Privy Council in London.

Judicial Officers
The current Chief Justice of Bermuda is Narinder Hargun, who was appointed in 2018. For previous Chief Justices, see Chief Justice of Bermuda.

title: Law of Bermuda


text:
Streamlined Sales Tax Project

The Streamlined Sales Tax Project (SSTP), first organized in March 2000, is intended to simplify and modernize sales and use tax collection and administration in the United States. It arose in response to efforts by Congress to permanently prohibit states from collecting sales tax on online commerce. Because such a ban would have serious financial consequences for states, the SSTP began as an effort to try to minimize the many differences between the states' sales tax policies and practices. The SSTP was dissolved once the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement (SSUTA) became effective on October 1, 2005.

Mission
In prior decisions regarding mail-order sales, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Quill Corp. v. North Dakota (1992) that mail-order retailers were not compelled to collect use tax and remit the tax to states, in part because of the complexities of doing so. (The Supreme Court overruled this case in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. (2018), which stated that a state may collect sales tax on purchases made from out-of-state sellers that do not have a physical presence in the state.) With computers, however, the difficulties of doing so are much smaller today, so one remaining stumbling block lies in the variations among state sales taxes. Organizers of the SSTP hope that by ironing out differences among state taxation levels, they will remove a major roadblock to the collection of taxes on online sales and convince Congress and the courts to allow them to collect these taxes regularly. SSTP also strives to level the playing field so that local "brick-and-mortar" stores and remote sellers operate under the same rules.

Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement
The Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement (SSUTA) focuses on four major requirements for simplification of state and local tax codes: 1) state level administration, 2) uniform tax base, 3) simplified tax rates, and 4) uniform sales sourcing rules.

State-level administration Under SSUTA, sales taxes will be remitted to a single state agency and business will no longer be required to submit multiple tax returns for each state in which they are conducting business.

Uniform tax base This would require each state to make their jurisdictions use the same tax base, meaning the same goods and services would be taxed or exempt the same way within each state. Each state would retain the choice of whether an item is taxable and at what rate.

Simplified tax rates This would require the same tax rates be applied across a state's tax jurisdictions. There can be an exception rate for food and drugs.

Uniform sales sourcing rules For in-state sales, the seller would be expected to collect the tax rate for the vendor location. This is defined as "origin" sourcing. For sales into a state from a remote seller, the vendor would collect the applicable statewide rate for the destination state. This is defined as "destination" sourcing.

Member states
As of February 2017, there are 23 participating states in addition to Washington, D.C. Full member states are states that are "in compliance with the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement through its laws, rules, regulations, and policies". The full member states are Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Associate member states are states that have "achieved substantial compliance with the terms of the Agreement taken as a whole, but not necessarily each provision, measured qualitatively." Currently, Tennessee is the only associate member state.

Certified service providers
The SSTP is setting up a system by which Internet e-commerce companies can voluntarily pay state taxes to the states in which their customers reside. The incentive the SSTP is offering companies is that rather than try to work out how much tax a company owes for each locality, they can instead use a CSP (certified service provider). In addition, the states that are in compliance with SSUTA (member states) will offer advantages to those sellers who use a CSP. Six companies – TaxCloud, Avalara, Taxware, AccurateTax, Sovos, and Exactor (acquired by Intuit)–have been designated as certified service providers for the SST project.

Amnesty
The Streamlined Sales Tax Project's amnesty program has caused a broad array of businesses to register using the SST system. To qualify for amnesty, a seller had to register through the SST website and remain registered for 36 months. In return for registration in all full-member states between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006, sellers' uncollected and unpaid sales and use taxes were completely forgiven for all periods before the registration. Registration in associate states was required within one year of those states becoming full members. This amnesty had several limits. It only applied to sales and use taxes from the seller in its capacity as a seller, not to such taxes due from the seller its capacity as a buyer. Taxes other than sales and uses taxes were not covered by this amnesty. Amnesty did not apply to any matters for which the seller had received an audit notice.

Editorials
In an editorial published on 7 March 2011 the Hutchinson News of Kansas wrote, "Kansas has been wise to be among 24 states that are part of the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement. These states have made their sales tax rules and definitions uniform, creating an environment in which retailers can collect taxes on remote sales to these states. Computer software easily calculates sales tax for locations in these states." Moving on to the topic of how the current tax treatment of online sales affects traditional retailers the Hutchison News writes, "Besides the loss of tax revenue -- at a time when government least can afford a leaky tax collection bucket -- the failure to require sales taxes on Internet purchases remains a significant disadvantage for traditional brick-and-mortar businesses on our main streets. And it also makes a regressive tax even more so, because only those with credit cards and Internet access can do business online."

title: Streamlined Sales Tax Project


text:
Mahakavi Kalidasa

Mahakavi Kalidasa is 1955 Indian Kannada-language film directed by K. R. Seetharama Sastry, in his debut direction. The movie is based on the legends of the poet Kālidāsa. It stars Honnappa Bhagavatar as Kālidāsa, a Sanskrit poet who lived during the 4th and 5th Century CE. It tells the story of how he, an aristocratic young man cursed by his guru with ignorance, goes on to become a great poet. B. Raghavendra Rao, Narasimharaju and B. Saroja Devi (in her film debut) features supporting roles. It was remade in Telugu in 1960 as Mahakavi Kalidasu starring Akkineni Nageswara Rao in Tamil in 1966 as Mahakavi Kalidas starring Sivaji Ganesan. This Kannada film was dubbed into Tamil and released in 1956 as Mahakavi Kalidas. At the 3rd National Film Awards, the film won the award for Best Feature Film in Kannada. The film is seen as a landmark in Kannada cinema.

Awards

 * 3rd National Film Awards
 * National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada - Certificate of Merit

title: Mahakavi Kalidasa


text:
File:Mgm popup error.jpg

Summary
Screenshot of a popup to my userpage on the Help desk on Oct. 10 2005. Made so Lupin can see what it looks like on a Windows system.

title: File:Mgm popup error.jpg


text:
Traudl Stark

Gertraud Marianne South ( Münzel, 17 March 1930 – 14 October 2021), better known as Traudl Stark, was an Austrian child actor in German cinema.

Stark was born in Vienna on 17 March 1930, to secretary Siegfried Stark and Margarete Münzel. Her parents married later. She started her career in German cinema in 1934, and became known as "The Shirley Temple of Austria". During World War II, she appeared in a number of Nazi propaganda films. Between 1945 and 1947 she also acted on stage in Vienna. In 1948 she married Jack Elliot from Alabama and went to live with him in the United States, where they had two children together.

She later married her second husband, Thomas South. From 1973, she lived in Tampa, Florida, where she died on 14 October 2021, at the age of 91.

Filmography

 * Asew (1935)
 * Manja Valewska or Maria Walewska (1936)
 * His Daughter is Called Peter (1936)
 * Darling of the Sailors (1937)
 * Peter im Schnee, English title: Peter in the Snow (1937)
 * Prinzessin Sissy or Prinzessin Wildfang, English title: Princess Sissy (1938)
 * Mutterliebe, English title: A Mother's Love (1939)
 * The Fox of Glenarvon (1940)
 * Leidenschaft, English title: "Passion" (1940)

title: Traudl Stark


text:
Andrew Bradfield

Andrew "Andy" Bradfield (1966 – 21 September 2001) was a video game programmer from New Zealand best known for his work on games for the Atari 8-bit computers. He created Laser Hawk (1986) and its sequel Hawkquest (1989). He teamed with artist Harvey Kong Tin on both titles.

He died on 21 September 2001, aged 35, following a two-year battle with leukemia.

title: Andrew Bradfield


text: Template:Three Bards

title: Template:Three Bards


text:
Brangus

The Brangus is an American hybrid breed of beef cattle derived from cross-breeding of American Angus and Brahman stock. Registered animals have 5/8 Angus and 3/8 Brahman parentage. A similar hybrid breed, the Australian Brangus, was separately developed in Australia from about 1950.

History
Research into crossbreeding of Angus and Brahman stock was begun in about 1932 at the Iberia Livestock Experiment Station of the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture near Jeanerette, Louisiana, where crossbreeding of Brahman and Shorthorn cattle had already shown good results. It was hoped that the good adaptation of the Brahman to hot and humid conditions could be combined with the better meat qualities of the Angus, as well as its black coat and polled characteristic. An ideal proportion of 5/8 Angus to 3/8 Brahman was established. By 1949 the cattle were distributed in sixteen American states and in Canada. A breed society, the American Brangus Breeders' Association, was formed in that year; it later became the International Brangus Breeders' Association.

In 2016 the Brangus was present in twenty-six American states. The population reported for the United States in 2010 was $42,702$; in 2017 it was $30,000$.

It has been exported to many countries, particularly in South America. It is reported (without distinction from the Australian Brangus) from twenty countries, with large populations in Brazil, Mexico and South Africa.

title: Brangus


text:
User talk:Jsjcisperfect

Bold textHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHIHI --Jsjcisperfect 16:44, 10 October 2005 (UTC)jOHN-cOAL mILLS

title: User talk:Jsjcisperfect


text:
San Patricio

San Patricio is Spanish for "Saint Patrick". As a name it may have several meanings:

Places

 * San Patricio del Chañar, town in Argentina
 * San Patricio, Chile, a village in south-central Chile
 * San Patricio, Jalisco, community in Jalisco state, Mexico
 * San Patricio, New Mexico, community in Lincoln County, U.S.
 * San Patricio, Paraguay
 * San Patricio, Ponce, Puerto Rico, barrio
 * San Patricio River (Río de San Patricio), Puerto Rico
 * San Patricio, Texas, U.S. city
 * San Patricio County, Texas, on the Gulf Coast, U.S.
 * Avenida San Patricio (San Patricio Avenue), street and neighborhood in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico
 * San Patricio Plaza, shopping mall in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico

Others

 * Battle of San Patricio in the Texas Revolution
 * Saint Patrick's Battalion (Batallón de San Patricio), mostly-Irish (-American) expatriate unit in the Mexican-American War
 * San Patricio (album), a 2010 album by the Chieftains
 * SS San Patricio, Chilean (and Liberian) cargo ship, mid-20th century
 * San Patricio Church massacre, in Argentina

title: San Patricio


text:
User talk:Larkinniall

Shane O'Looney has come on leaps and bounds with Mary I soccer team after spending the summer in the FAI summer camps

title: User talk:Larkinniall


text: User talk:209.91.172.161

title: User talk:209.91.172.161


text:
Category:Lighthouses in Ohio

Articles about lighthouses in the U.S. state of Ohio. For a manually maintained list, complete with yet-to-be-written articles, see Lighthouses in the United States.

title: Category:Lighthouses in Ohio


text: User talk:69.196.213.125

title: User talk:69.196.213.125


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tipp City High School Marching Band

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Linuxbeak | Talk 22:02, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Tipp City High School Marching Band
One non-noteable high school band out of thousands. Article does not even list a geographical location.

 * Delete per nomination. - Blainster 16:48, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. RasputinAXP   talk  *  contribs  19:03, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nominator -- red stucco 08:29, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.