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Wikipedia talk:Selected anniversaries/October 10

I wish I could include Battle of Karbala. Too bad it needs some cleanup and has a POV tag. Ditto for Yazid I. Maybe next year .... -- PFHLai 05:34, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Hopefully next year, Carlos Céspedes and Ten Years' War won't be as stubby.... -- PFHLai 22:41, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

That the battle of Tours stopped the Muslim advance into the rest of Europe is disputed by many modern historians. I don't think that he claim that it did is nowhere near certain enough to merit inclusion in in this context.

Peter Isotalo 08:26, 10 October 2009 (UTC)

Battle of Poitiers
Moving this comment from WP:ERRORS; unresolved before it went off the main page. --Floquenbeam (talk) 13:23, 12 October 2009 (UTC)

Charles Martel didn't defeat a "large Andalusian Muslim army"; the Muslims were really few. Historians used to believe it was a great battle, but actually they have in the last decades realized that they were wrong. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.12.171.11 (talk • contribs)

(Citation needed. Historical sources assume Muslim effectives >- Franks.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.56.240.4 (talk • contribs)

From the Italian book "I mille anni del Mediovo"= Thousand years of Middle Ages by Gabriella Piccinni: '(...)La battaglia di Poitiers del 732, dal punto di vista militare una scaramuccia amplificata dalla leggenda fino alla dimensione di battaglia epocale, ne fece [di Carlo Martello] il simbolo della resistenza cristiana contro i musulmani...' which means 'The battle of Poitiers in 732, miltarly a skirmish amplified by the legend up to the dimension of an epocal battle, made of him [Charles Martel] the symbol of Christian resistance against Muslims...' —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.12.171.11 (talk • contribs)

End of comments from WP:ERRORS

 * It seems pretty clear that the battle of Poitiers has become famous more by reputation than any proven achievements. The question is, should it be removed because it was really nothing more than a border clash trumped up by the Franks (and even moreso by later Europeans) as "the battle that saved Europe from Islamization", or is its considerable reputation enough to include it? Even if we keep it, it seems like we at least need to rewrite the description.
 * Peter Isotalo 22:46, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

Typo
There's a missing space after the semicolon after "Fiji (1970)" … Just pointing that out. Elium2 (talk) 13:21, 10 October 2011 (UTC)

2012 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 04:21, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Battle of Karbala; Battle of Tours (ineligible—maintenance); United States Naval Academy (ineligible—maintenance); Ten Years' War; Chiang Kai-shek (ineligible—maintenance)
 * Included: Great Hurricane of 1780 (5th appearance, last in 2010); Wuchang Uprising (4th appearance, last in 2006); 1933 United Airlines Boeing 247 mid-air explosion (first appearance); 1964 Summer Olympics (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Maximilian Kolbe (8th consecutive appearance, 8 total; 30th anniversary)

2013 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:15, 9 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Outer Space Treaty
 * Omitted: Great Hurricane of 1780; Wuchang Uprising; 1964 Summer Olympics; Maximilian Kolbe
 * Included: Battle of Karbala (3rd appearance, last in 2011); Triton (moon) (first appearance); Double Tenth Incident (4th appearance, last in 2010; 70th anniversary); Spiro Agnew (4th appearance, last in 2010; 40th anniversary)
 * Repeats: 1933 United Airlines Boeing 247 mid-air explosion (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total; 80th anniversary)

2014 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:50, 9 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Battle of Karbala (ineligible—maintenance); 1933 United Airlines Boeing 247 mid-air explosion; Double Tenth Incident; Spiro Agnew
 * Included: Great Hurricane of 1780 (6th appearance, last in 2012); History of aspirin (first appearance); Xinhai Revolution/Wuchang Uprising (Xinhai: 2nd appearance, last in 2007, was previously ineligible; Wuchang: 5th appearance, last in 2012); 1964 Summer Olympics (2nd appearance, last in 2012; 50th anniversary)
 * Repeats: Triton (moon) (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2015 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 09:59, 8 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Triton (moon); Xinhai Revolution/Wuchang Uprising; 1964 Summer Olympics
 * Included: 1933 United Airlines Boeing 247 mid-air explosion (3rd appearance, last in 2013); Outer Space Treaty (first appearance); Maximilian Kolbe (9th appearance, last in 2012)
 * Repeats: Great Hurricane of 1780 (2nd consecutive appearance, 7 total); History of aspirin (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2016 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 15:44, 7 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Omitted: History of aspirin; 1933 United Airlines Boeing 247 mid-air explosion; Outer Space Treaty; Maximilian Kolbe
 * Included: Battle of Karbala (4th appearance, last in 2013); Triton (moon) (3rd appearance, last in 2014); Double Tenth incident (5th appearance, last in 2013); Indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Great Hurricane of 1780 (3rd consecutive appearance, 8 total)

2017 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 03:22, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Deleted: History of aspirin (moved to August 10)
 * Moved to Ineligible: 1964 Summer Olympics (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Battle of Karbala; Great Hurricane of 1780; Double Tenth incident; Indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet (ineligible—maintenance)
 * Included:Xinhai Revolution/Wuchang Uprising (Xinhai: 3rd appearance; Wuchang: 6th appearance; both last in 2014); Outer Space Treaty (2nd appearance, last in 2015; 50th anniversary); Maximilian Kolbe (10th appearance, last in 2015); Blanche Lazzell (first appearance); Beatriz Michelena (first appearance); Priaulx Rainier (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Triton (moon) (2nd consecutive appearance, 4 total)

2018 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 15:39, 10 October 2018 (UTC)
 * New articles (ineligible): Women's Social and Political Union (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Outer Space Treaty; Maximilian Kolbe; Blanche Lazzell; Beatriz Michelena; Priaulx Rainier
 * Included: Great Hurricane of 1780 (9th appearance, last in 2016); Double Tenth incident (6th appearance, last in 2016; 75th anniversary); Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (first appearance); Paulinus of York (first appearance); Han van Meegeren (first appearance); R. K. Narayan (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Triton (moon) (3rd consecutive appearance, 5 total); Xinhai Revolution/Wuchang Uprising (both: 2nd consecutive appearance; Xinhai: 4 total; Wuchang: 7 total)

2019 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 15:47, 11 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Great Hurricane of 1780 (deleted; moved to October 9); Triton (moon); Xinhai Revolution/Wuchang Uprising; Double Tenth incident; Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty; Paulinus of York; Han van Meegeren; R. K. Narayan
 * Included: Battle of Karbala (5th appearance, last in 2016); 1933 United Airlines Boeing 247 mid-air explosion (4th appearance, last in 2015); 1964 Summer Olympics (3rd appearance, last in 2014; rescued from Ineligible); Maximilian Kolbe (11th appearance, last in 2017); Adolphus Busch (first appearance); Rekha (first appearance); Charlotte Cooper (tennis) (2nd appearance, last in 2017; also appears on September 22, her birthday)

2020 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 22:29, 11 October 2020 (UTC)
 * New articles (ineligible): Spiegel affair (maintenance, moved from October 8); Samuel J. Randall (TFA for 2020-06-10)
 * Omitted: 1933 United Airlines Boeing 247 mid-air explosion; 1964 Summer Olympics; Maximilian Kolbe; Adolphus Busch; Rekha; Charlotte Cooper (tennis)
 * Included: Triton (moon) (6th appearance, last in 2018); 1911 Revolution/Wuchang Uprising (Revolution: 5th appearance; Uprising: 8th; both last in 2018); Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (2nd appearance, last in 2018); Spiro Agnew (5th appearance, last in 2013); Mary of Waltham (first appearance); George Washington Parke Custis (first appearance); Kazuyoshi Miura (businessman) (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Battle of Karbala (2nd consecutive appearance, 6 total)

2021 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:03, 11 October 2021 (UTC)
 * New articles (ineligible): Phillip Davey (TFA for 2021-06-28)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Samuel J. Randall
 * Omitted: Battle of Karbala; 1911 Revolution; Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty; Spiro Agnew; Mary of Waltham; George Washington Parke Custis; Kazuyoshi Miura (businessman)
 * Included: Ndyuka people (first appearance); 1933 United Airlines Boeing 247 mid-air explosion (5th appearance, last in 2019); Double Tenth incident (7th appearance, last in 2018); Outer Space Treaty (4th appearance, last in 2019; also appeared on January 27); John Paston (died 1466) (first appearance; 600th anniversary); Antoine Coysevox (first appearance); Gavin Newsom (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Triton (moon) (2nd consecutive appearance, 7 total; 175th anniversary)

2022 notes
 Heart  (talk) 04:58, 11 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: 1964 Summer Olympics (maintenance); Outer Space Treaty (maintenance); Maximilian Kolbe (maintenance);
 * Omitted: 1933 United Airlines Boeing 247 mid-air explosion; Double Tenth incident; Outer Space Treaty; John Paston (died 1466); Antoine Coysevox; Gavin Newsom
 * Included: Battle of Karbala (7th appearance); Spiro Agnew (6th appearance, last in 2020); Vidyasagar Setu (first appearance); Luang Pu Sodh Candasaro (first appearance); Kim Ki-young (first appearance); Murder of Huang Na (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Ndyuka people (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total); Triton (moon) (3nd consecutive appearance, 8 total; 175th anniversary)


text:
Talk:Nat (deity)

Expansion
I'll come back and expand this page further at some point. In the meantime, anyone who is following it, please feel free to come in. PiCo 05:36, 9 October 2005 (UTC) Maung Tint De was burned under a sagawa tree (sagawabin). Sagawa is not a jasmine tree but is known as Champac in English. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kenneth Min-Oo (talk • contribs) 02:45, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

Hi. How can Anawrahta name Aungzwamagyi as a Nat when Aungzwamagyi was born after Anawrahta's death? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Aaronlzt (talk • contribs) 13:50, 13 May 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090126061103/http://claudiawiens.com/englisch/vorlage_e.html to http://www.claudiawiens.com/englisch/vorlage_e.html

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title: Talk:Nat (deity)


text:
User talk:Ominae

As much as possible, I wish to let you Wikipedia users know that I'm serious in maintaining the two-way conversations readable policy. If you can't do so, then take it somewhere else. Thanks. Ominae

Orphaned non-free image File:Ninja Senshi Tobikage Title.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Ninja Senshi Tobikage Title.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Whpq (talk) 03:12, 29 January 2024 (UTC)

January 2024
Hey. I noticed that a lot of your recent citations just use bare URLs for citation. My understanding of WP:CITE is that WP:CITEHOW specifies certain info that should be included, which bare URLs are inferior to. And you could've pasted those bare URLs into the automatic citation tool for a more detailed reference. Tell me if I'm misunderstanding, but I don't think a user warning template for bare URLs would exist otherwise. Spagooder (talk) 16:46, 31 January 2024 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Cobra Viper Figure.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Cobra Viper Figure.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 18:19, 16 February 2024 (UTC)

Invitation to join New pages patrol
Hello Ominae! Thank you for your consideration. We hope to see you around! MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 15:21, 22 February 2024 (UTC)
 * The New Pages Patrol is currently struggling to keep up with the influx of new articles needing review. We could use a few extra hands to help.
 * We think that someone with your activity and experience is very likely to meet the guidelines for granting.
 * Reviewing/patrolling a page doesn't take much time, but it requires a strong understanding of Wikipedia’s CSD policy and notability guidelines.
 * Kindly read the tutorial before making your decision, and feel free to post on the project talk page with questions.
 * If patrolling new pages is something you'd be willing to help out with, please consider applying here.

March 2024
Hi, and thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia. It appears that you tried to give Special Operation Group a different title by copying its content and pasting either the same content, or an edited version of it, into another page with a different name. This is known as a "cut-and-paste move", and it is undesirable because it splits the page history, which is legally required for attribution. Instead, the software used by Wikipedia has a feature that allows pages to be moved to a new title together with their edit history.

In most cases for registered users, once your account is four days old and has ten edits, you should be able to move an article yourself using the "Move" tab at the top of the page (the tab may be hidden in a dropdown menu for you). This both preserves the page history intact and automatically creates a redirect from the old title to the new. If you cannot perform a particular page move yourself this way (e.g. because a page already exists at the target title), please follow the instructions at requested moves to have it moved by someone else. Also, if there are any other pages that you moved by copying and pasting, even if it was a long time ago, please list them at Requests for history merge. Thank you. Dl2000 (talk) 19:17, 3 March 2024 (UTC)

 * Sorry to mention that there's a redirect of that made already many moons ago. Can't use the "move" button even if I want to. Willing to make other changes if needed. Ominae (talk) 03:02, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Category:Disbanded battalions of Ukraine

A tag has been placed on Category:Disbanded battalions of Ukraine indicating that it is currently empty, and is not a disambiguation category, a category redirect, a featured topics category, under discussion at Categories for discussion, or a project category that by its nature may become empty on occasion. If it remains empty for seven days or more, it may be deleted under section C1 of the criteria for speedy deletion.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and removing the speedy deletion tag. Liz Read! Talk! 03:18, 29 March 2024 (UTC)

April 2024
Hello, I'm Swatjester. I noticed that you recently removed content from Oz Brigade without adequately explaining why. In the future, it would be helpful to others if you described your changes to Wikipedia with an accurate edit summary. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the removed content has been restored. If you would like to experiment, please use your sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. ⇒  SWAT Jester   Shoot Blues, Tell VileRat! 05:57, 2 April 2024 (UTC)

Should Police 24/7 be a disambiguation page?
Talk:Police 24/7— Vchimpanzee  •  talk  •  contributions  •  16:56, 14 May 2024 (UTC)

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Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 20:21, 27 May 2024 (UTC)

Afghan Commando Forces
I have made a few word changes for clarity. After doing that, I found only one sentence that I thought should be separated. I think you will find these changes to be minor and non-controversial. If I inadvertently made an error, please change it. As I noted on the assessment page, the lead needs to be expanded for B class. I have added citation needed tags in line with the project's B class guidelines and practice. I assume you have the available sources from which to take the citations.

There are two sentences that I think need to be clarified. (1) "A year later, in 1975, 444th Commando would be sent to Panjshir Valley in order to quell an uprising started by Ahmad Shah Massoud (then-22 years old) and Gulbuddin Hekmetyar, being assisted by the Iranian SAVAK and the Pakistani ISI" Did the Iranians and Pakistanis aid the 444th Commando or the forces of Massoud and Hekmetyar? If the 44th, I think the phrase "being assisted...." should be moved after the word "Commando." If the insurgents, I suggest changing "being assisted" to "who were assisted."

(2) "The Commando Brigades were, in contrast, considered reliable...." What is this "in contrast" to? This does not seem to follow directly from the preceding text. Could "in contrast" even be eliminated? This paragraph also seems to be a good point to insert another subsection heading to separate a long section devoted to the First and Second Battles of Zhawar, since the remainder of the text in that subsection is about subsequent events.

Thanks for this detailed article. Please let me know when you have made changes so I can assess the final version. Donner60 (talk) 05:21, 4 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Thansks for that. But perhaps that oughta be directed at the person who wrote it. XD. Wouldn't have idea on a majority of pre-Taliban (1995) commando units. Ominae (talk) 02:41, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Yes. Now that I look into the history, I see that although you submitted the article for assessmsent, you had only edited it to a small extent. If the original writer does not respond with the suggested changes, the article will need to stay at start class. I will delete the assessment request for now and tell the author of most of the article to resubmit it if changes are made. Donner60 (talk) 04:12, 5 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Some of the references mentioned (for books) don't indicate page numbers. Ominae (talk) 05:14, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ominae


text:
Joint replacement

Joint replacement is a procedure of orthopedic surgery known also as arthroplasty, in which an arthritic or dysfunctional joint surface is replaced with an orthopedic prosthesis. Joint replacement is considered as a treatment when severe joint pain or dysfunction is not alleviated by less-invasive therapies. Joint replacement surgery is often indicated from various joint diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Joint replacement has become more common, mostly with knee and hip replacements. About 773,000 Americans had a hip or knee replaced in 2009.

Shoulder
For shoulder replacement, there are a few major approaches to access the shoulder joint. The first is the deltopectoral approach, which saves the deltoid, but requires the supraspinatus to be cut. The second is the transdeltoid approach, which provides a straight on approach at the glenoid. However, during this approach the deltoid is put at risk for potential damage. Both techniques are used, depending on the surgeon's preferences.

The number of shoulder replacements carried out each year is increasing, but research looking into global records suggests that nine out of ten shoulder replacements last for at least a decade.

Hip
Hip replacement can be performed as a total replacement or a hemi (half) replacement. A total hip replacement consists of replacing both the acetabulum and the femoral head while hemiarthroplasty generally only replaces the femoral head. Hip replacement is currently the most common orthopaedic operation, though patient satisfaction short- and long-term varies widely.

It is unclear whether the use of assistive equipment would help in post-operative care.

Hip replacement surgery can be performed from three main directions, each with advantages and disadvantages The classical approach is the posterior, and requires dissection of the gluteus maximus and other large muscles of the back of the thigh to access the acetabulum. The anterior approach accesses the hip joint from the front, with less large muscle dissection but due to the proximity of the femoral artery, corresponding vein, and main nerve bundle for the leg lying just medial to the acetabulum the surgeon must exercise caution and maintain suitable landmarks. The lateral approach dissects smaller muscles than the posterior approach, but has similar navigation concerns as the anterior approach. Surgeon experience tends to determine the surgeon's preference, meaning that the surgeon will only rarely deviate from what method they were initially trained to use.

Knee

Knee replacement involves exposure of the front of the knee, with detachment of part of the quadriceps muscle (vastus medialis) from the patella. The patella is displaced to one side of the joint, allowing exposure of the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia. The ends of these bones are then accurately cut to shape using cutting guides oriented to the long axis of the bones. The cartilages and the anterior cruciate ligament are removed; the posterior cruciate ligament may also be removed but the tibial and fibular collateral ligaments are preserved. Metal components are then impacted onto the bone or fixed using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement. Alternative techniques exist that affix the implant without cement. These cement-less techniques may involve osseointegration, including porous metal prostheses.

The operation typically involves substantial postoperative pain, and includes vigorous physical rehabilitation. The recovery period may be six weeks or longer and may involve the use of mobility aids (e.g. walking frames, canes, crutches) to enable the person's return to preoperative mobility.

Ankle
Ankle replacement has become a treatment of choice for people requiring arthroplasty, replacing the conventional use of arthrodesis, i.e. fusion of the bones. The restoration of range of motion is the key feature in favor of ankle replacement with respect to arthrodesis. However, clinical evidence of the superiority of the former has only been demonstrated for particular isolated implant designs.

Finger
Finger joint replacement is a relatively quick procedure of about 30 minutes, but requires several months of subsequent therapy. Post-operative therapy may consist of wearing a hand splint or performing exercises to improve function and pain.

Medical risks
The stress of the operation may result in medical problems of varying incidence and severity.
 * Heart Attack
 * Stroke
 * Venous Thromboembolism
 * Pneumonia
 * Increased confusion
 * Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Intra-operative risks

 * Mal-positioning of the components
 * Shortening;
 * Instability/dislocation;
 * Loss of range of motion;
 * Fracture of the adjacent bone;
 * Nerve damage;
 * Damage to blood vessels.

Immediate risks

 * Infection, either Superficial or Deep
 * Dislocation

Medium-term risks

 * Dislocation
 * Persistent pain;
 * Loss of range of motion;
 * Weakness;
 * Indolent infection.

Long-term risks

 * Loosening of the components: the bond between the bone and the components or the cement may break down or fatigue. As a result, the component moves inside the bone, causing pain. Fragments of wear debris may cause an inflammatory reaction with bone absorption which can cause loosening. This phenomenon is known as osteolysis.
 * Polyethylene synovitis - Wear of the weight-bearing surfaces: polyethylene is thought to wear in weight-bearing joints such as the hip at a rate of 0.3mm per year. This may be a problem in itself since the bearing surfaces are often less than 10 mm thick and may deform as they get thinner. The wear may also cause problems, as inflammation can be caused by increased quantities of polyethylene wear particles in the synovial fluid.

There are many controversies. Much of the research effort of the orthopedic-community is directed to studying and improving joint replacement. The main controversies are
 * the best or most appropriate bearing surface - metal/polyethylene, metal-metal, ceramic-ceramic;
 * cemented vs uncemented fixation of the components;
 * Minimally invasive surgery.

Technique
Before major surgery is performed, a complete pre-anaesthetic work-up is required. In elderly people this usually would include ECG, urine tests, hematology and blood tests. Cross match of blood is routine also, as a high percentage of people receive a blood transfusion. Pre-operative planning requires accurate Xrays of the affected joint, implant design selecting and size-matching to the xray images (a process known as templating).

A few days' hospitalization is followed by several weeks of protected function, healing and rehabilitation. This may then be followed by several months of slow improvement in strength and endurance.

Early mobilisation of the person is thought to be the key to reducing the chances of complications such as venous thromboembolism and Pneumonia. Modern practice is to mobilize people as soon as possible and ambulate with walking aids when tolerated. Depending on the joint involved and the pre-op status of the person, the time of hospitalization varies from 1 day to 2 weeks, with the average being 4–7 days in most regions.

Physiotherapy is used extensively to help people recover function after joint replacement surgery. A graded exercise programme is needed initially, as the person's muscles take time to heal after the surgery; exercises for range of motion of the joints and ambulation should not be strenuous. Later when the muscles have healed, the aim of exercise expands to include strengthening and recovery of function.

Materials
Some ceramic materials commonly used in joint replacement are alumina (Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2), silica (SiO2), hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), titanium nitride (TiN), silicon nitride (Si3N4). A combination of titanium and titanium carbide is a very hard ceramic material often used in components of arthroplasties due to the impressive degree of strength and toughness it presents, as well as its compatibility with medical imaging.

Titanium carbide has proved to be possible to use combined with sintered polycrystalline diamond surface (PCD), a superhard ceramic which promises to provide an improved, strong, long-wearing material for artificial joints. PCD is formed from polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) through a process involving high pressures and temperatures. When compared with other ceramic materials such as cubic boron nitride, silicon nitride, and aluminum oxide, PCD shows many better characteristics, including a high level of hardness and a relatively low coefficient of friction. For the application of artificial joints it will likely be combined with certain metals and metal alloys like cobalt, chrome, titanium, vanadium, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, hafnium, silicon, cobalt-chrome, tungsten, zirconium, etc. This means that people with nickel allergy or sensitivities to other metals are at risk for complications due to the chemicals in the device.

In knee replacements there are two parts that are ceramic and they can be made of either the same ceramic or different ones. If they are made of the same ceramic, however, they have different weight ratios. These ceramic parts are configured so that should shards break off of the implant, the particles are benign and not sharp. They are also made so that if a shard were to break off of one of the two ceramic components, they would be noticeable through x-rays during a check-up or inspection of the implant. With implants such as hip implants, the ball of the implant could be made of ceramic, and between the ceramic layer and where it attaches to the rest of the implant, there is usually a membrane to help hold the ceramic. The membrane can help prevent cracks, but if cracks should occur at two points which create a separate piece, the membrane can hold the shard in place so that it doesn't leave the implant and cause further injury. Because these cracks and separations can occur, the material of the membrane is a bio-compatible polymer that has a high fracture toughness and a high shear toughness.

Prosthesis replacement
The prosthesis may need to be replaced due to complications such as infection or prosthetic fracture. Replacement may be done in one single surgical session. Alternatively, an initial surgery may be performed to remove previous prosthetic material, and the new prosthesis is then inserted in a separate surgery at a later time. In such cases, especially when complicated by infection, a spacer may be used, which is a sturdy mass to provide some basic joint stability and mobility until a more permanent prosthesis is inserted. It can contain antibiotics to help treating any infection.

History
Stephen S. Hudack, a surgeon based in New York City, began animal testing with artificial joints in 1939. By 1948, he was at the New York Orthopedic Hospital (part of the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center) and with funding from the Office of Naval Research, was replacing hip joints in humans.

Two previously popular forms of arthroplasty were: (1) interpositional arthroplasty', with interposition of some other tissue like skin, muscle or tendon to keep inflammatory surfaces apart and (2) excisional arthroplasty in which the joint surface and bone were removed leaving scar tissue to fill in the gap. Other forms of arthroplasty include resection(al) arthroplasty, resurfacing arthroplasty, mold arthroplasty, cup arthroplasty, and silicone replacement arthroplasty. Osteotomy to restore or modify joint congruity is also a form of arthroplasty.

In recent decades, the most successful and common form of arthroplasty is the surgical replacement of a joint or joint surface with a prosthesis. For example, a hip joint that is affected by osteoarthritis may be replaced entirely (total hip arthroplasty) with a prosthetic hip. This procedure involves replacing both the acetabulum (hip socket) and the head and neck of the femur. The purpose of doing this surgery is to relieve pain, to restore range of motion and to improve walking ability, leading to the improvement of muscle strength.

title: Joint replacement


text:
Enrique Ros

Enrique Emilio Ros y Pérez (1924 – April 10, 2013) was a Cuban-American businessman, author, and activist opposed to Cuban president Fidel Castro.

Early life
Enrique Ros was born in 1924 in Cienfuegos, Cuba.

Career
Ros hosted radio shows on U.S. government station Radio y Televisión Martí, which broadcasts exclusively to Cuba. He was a strong advocate of retaining the United States embargo against Cuba. He was the author of Revolucion de 1933 en Cuba.

Personal life
Ros was married to Amanda Adato (1926–2011) and they had two children, Enrique Jr. "Henry" and retired U.S. Representative Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, and four grandchildren: Jennifer and Katherine Ros, and Patricia and Rodrigo Lehtinen.

Death
Ros died on April 10, 2013, in a South Miami, Florida hospital from respiratory complications. He was 89.

Books by Enrique Ros

 * Ros, Enrique 2011 Vicente García/ El incomprendido Mayor General Cubano Ediciones Universal, Miami ISBN 1-59388-231-9
 * Ros, Enrique 2006 El clandestinaje y la lucha armada contra castro/ The clandestinity and the armed fight against Castro (Cuba y sus Jueces) Ediciones Universal, Miami ISBN 1-59388-079-0
 * Ros, Enrique 2005 Revolucion de 1933 en Cuba Ediciones Universal, Miami ISBN 1-59388-047-2
 * Ros, Enrique 2003 Fidel Castro y El Gatillo Alegre: Sus Años Universitarios (Coleccion Cuba y Sus Jueces) Miami ISBN 1-59388-006-5
 * Ros, Enrique 2002 Ernesto Che Guevara: mito y realidad. Ediciones Universal, Miami. ISBN 0-89729-988-4
 * Ros, Enrique 1999 Aventura Africana De Fidel Castro (Coleccion Cuba y Sus Jueces) Miami ISBN 0-89729-908-6
 * Ros, Enrique 1998 Cubanos Combatiente: Peleando En Distingidos Frentes (Coleccion Cuba y Sus Jueces) Miami ISBN 0-89729-868-3
 * Ros, Enrique 1996 Años Criticos: Del Camino De La Accion Al Camino Del Entendimiento (Coleccion Cuba Y Sus Jueces) Miami ISBN 0-89729-814-4
 * Ros, Enrique 1995 De Giron a La Crisis De Los Cohetes: La Segunda Derrota (Coleccion Cuba Y Sus Jueces) Miami ISBN 0-89729-773-3
 * Ros, Enrique and Orlando Bosch 1994 Giron la verdadera historia (Coleccion Cuba y sus jueces) Miami ISBN 0-89729-738-5

title: Enrique Ros


text:
Tequan Richmond

Tequan Richmond (born October 30, 1992), also known as T-Rich, is an American actor best known for playing Drew Rock on the UPN/CW sitcom Everybody Hates Chris. Richmond played Ray Charles Jr. (son of singer and musician Ray Charles) in the motion picture Ray, and in the soap opera General Hospital on ABC, he portrayed TJ Ashford.

Career
In 2001, Richmond moved to Los Angeles, California, not intending to become an actor. He appeared in magazine ads such as Sports Illustrated, Reader's Digest, Newsweek, and National Geographic, as well as a national Nestlé print ad. Richmond made his 2013 Sundance Film Festival debut with a performance as Beltway sniper Lee Boyd Malvo in Blue Caprice. The film sold to Sundance Select/IFC Films and opened New Directors/New Films Festival at MoMA in 2013. The film had a fall 2013 theater release.

Richmond also was one of six hosts for children's TV shows on Toon Disney and has had guest starring roles on CBS's Cold Case, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Private Practice, Detroit 1-8-7, Memphis Beat, Love That Girl and Numb3rs as well as Lifetime's Strong Medicine and FX's The Shield. He has co-starred on NBC's ER, Showtime's Weeds, and Fox's MADtv.

While starring on Everybody Hates Chris, in 2008, Richmond appeared on the Tide brand commercial with a voice-over by MC Lyte.

Richmond appeared in the music video "Hate It Or Love It" as young Game by rappers 50 Cent and the Game.

title: Tequan Richmond


text:
Prosper Utseya

Prosper Utseya (born 26 March 1985 in Harare, Zimbabwe) is a retired Zimbabwean cricketer, who plays all formats of the game. He captained Zimbabwe from 2006 to 2010. He bowls right-arm off break and is a useful right-hand batsman. Utseya has not played any form of cricket since 2015.

Early life
Rising from the ranks of township cricket in Harare's Highfield suburb, Utseya attended Churchill School, the cradle of many black Zimbabwean players, thanks to Zimbabwe Cricket Union scholarships.

Domestic career
Utseya was a promising talent at the school level and made his first-class debut as an opener for Mashonaland A at the age of 15. He scored a fifty in a tight situation in just his second Logan Cup match against Manicaland a day before his 16th birthday and soon moved into the Under-19 and Zimbabwe A sides with some notable bowling performances along the way.

In 2004, he was moved to Manicaland to strengthen the provincial side there, and was selected for the CFX Academy. His maiden first-class five-wicket haul, 5/32, came against Manicaland in October of that year.

Utseya has been a force to be reckoned with in Zimbabwean domestic cricket. His spin-bowling partnership with Timycen Maruma has resulted in a series of domestic titles, and in 2008-09 his ten-wicket haul helped Easterns clinch a thrilling one-wicket victory in a low-scoring contest against Northerns at Alexandra Sports Club in Harare that secured the Logan Cup. Utseya enjoyed a steady, if unspectacular, domestic season in 2009–10, though his franchise, Mountaineers dominated the first-class scene.

International career
While his initial place in the national team owed much to the withdrawal of several white players after Heath Streak's sacking as captain, Utseya more than earned his place subsequently. He continued to hold a place in a weakened national side and took up the captaincy from Terry Duffin in 2006.

Utseya's bowling during the tour to West Indies in May 2006 where his flight and spin belied his lack of experience and years. He was consistently able to stem the flow of runs in the middle overs, and he provided two of the series highlights and one when he comprehensively beat Brian Lara with successive deliveries in the first match in Trinidad and the other his remarkable diving, juggling boundary catch in the second.

Utseya is the first and joint world record holder for conceding the fewest runs (six runs) in a T20 International after bowling the complete quota of overs (four overs is the maximum quota in a T20 match). Utseya tendered his resignation as national captain after the side's disappointing performance at the T20 World Cup in May 2010 saying that he was stepping down in the interest of the team's future development. He led Zimbabwe in 67 one-day internationals, with 20 victories, and all 10 of the Twenty20 internationals the team has played.

Utseya took a hat-trick against South Africa at Harare Sports Club and became the second Zimbabwean to claim a hat-trick when he dismissed three South African batsmen in consecutive deliveries in the third One-Day International match of the Tri-series in August 2014. Utseya accounted for the wickets of Quinton de Kock, Rilee Rossouw and David Miller. In process, he also took his career best figure and ended his innings with a figure of 5/36

Bowling action
In August 2014, Utseya reported for a suspect bowling action following the third ODI against South Africa in Bulawayo. Utseya was the fourth offspinner to have been reported for a suspect action over the last few months; the others were Sachithra Senanayake, Kane Williamson, and Saeed Ajmal.

Utseya was ranked 15th in the ICC ODI Bowling Rankings in September 2006. He has a reputation for being an extremely parsimonious bowler, albeit with less wicket taking prowess. In a Cricinfo article from August 2006, he had the lowest economy rate (3.84) amongst all spinners in the history of ODI cricket. In comparison, the economy rates for Muttiah Muralitharan and Harbhajan Singh at the same time were 3.85 and 4.11 respectively.

Controversies
Utseya claims that he became a victim of racism during the 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup, and slammed allegations against former Zimbabwe cricketer Alistair Campbell, managing director of Zimbabwe Cricket, over the appointment of an "all-white" coaching staff and administration. He claimed that Campbell had "personal issues" against him, and was thus not included in the starting XI in any of the world cup games, despite being in the squad.

title: Prosper Utseya


text:
Boris Rauschenbach

Boris Viktorovich Rauschenbach (Бори́с Ви́кторович Раушенба́х; born Boris-Ivar Rauschenbach; 18 January 1915, Petrograd – 27 March 2001, Moscow) Russian physicist of German ethnicity who worked as an engineer in the former Soviet space program.

Trained as an engineer, he found great success in designing rockets and who developed the theory and instruments for interplanetary flight control and navigation in 1955-1960s. He is also notable for his studies in Christian theology and theory of Art.

Biography
This article, including quotation, is based on Rauschenbach's 1997 book of autobiographic essays, "Pristrastie" (Obsession)

Family roots
Boris-Ivar Rauschenbach was born to a protestant family of ethnic Germans, tracing their history to Karl-Friedrich Rauschenbach who settled in Russia in 1766. His father Victor David Rauschenbach, originally a Volga German, was a manager at a leather factory in Saint Petersburg, and the family lived at the factory site until 1925. His mother Lonny Christine Hallik was a Baltic German. The family was bilingual; Rauschenbach said that "I feel myself a German and a Russian at the same time, a peculiar feeling... reflecting reality. We grew up in Russia, immersed in Russian traditions" ("Я чувствую себя одновременно русским и немцем - интересное ощущение... оно отражает реальность. Мы выросли в России, впитали в себя русские обычаи"). Boris attended a former Reformist Protestant school, one of two German-language schools left in the 1920s. The school, plagued by ever-changing novel teaching systems, provided poor education (apart from good language practice).

Education
Boris, like many young men of his time, was fascinated by flight and aviation. The only aviation-related college in Leningrad was a newly established Institute of Civil Air Fleet, later converted into a military academy. After a brief work at an aircraft plant, Rauschenbach completed his studies at this Institute (1932-1937); later he complained about its poor training quality and lack of tradition. More important was his glider hobby of this time, especially the practical studies of stability in flying wing gliders. Glider enthusiasts' rallies in Crimea exposed Rauschenberg to aviation professionals; in 1937, he received an offer from Sergey Korolyov to join his RNII (Rocket Institute), based in Khovrino near Moscow.

Early studies (1937-1941)
Sergey Korolyov assigned Rauschenbach to flight control automation for his winged rocket (cruise missile) project. Despite Korolyov's public statements on "All attention to engines!" ("В центре внимания - мотор!"), he realized a wide range of unsolved rocketry problems, notably flight stability and automated controls. Autopilots on conventional planes could be "trained" and tuned by human pilots in flight; rocket designers had to find an alternative "training" technology. Rauschenbach's first assignments on Model 212C jet cruise missile were done in TsAGI wind tunnel. This was followed by crewed rocket plane program, cut short when NKVD arrested Korolyov and Valentin Glushko in summer of 1938. Until 1941, Rauschenbach worked on jet combustion stability, a program that resulted in effective and stable Rocket artillery projectiles. After the German Invasion of 1941, recently married Rauschenbach relocated with his institution east, to Yekaterinburg.

Internment (1942-1948)
In March 1942, Rauschenbach, then working on auto-targeting anti-aircraft projectiles, was held in a labor camp without trial, like other ethnic Germans. Half of his detachment of around a thousand inmates perished in the first winter. They were working at a brick plant near Nizhny Tagil in Urals. Two weeks after he arrived in the camp, Rauschenbach wrote a technical letter to his former design bureau, commenting on his incompleted work. The letter was promptly received by general Viktor Bolkhovitinov, working on a parallel rocket project, who managed to transfer Rauschenbach from hard labor to a desk job. Until 1946, inmate Rauschenbach performed calculations for Bolkhovitinov's bureau, learning advanced mathematics in the process.

In January 1946, Rauschenbach was dispatched from the camp to an exile in Nizhny Tagil, working there for Mstislav Keldysh calculation bureau. In 1948, Keldysh extricated Rauschenbach from exile, in what the latter called "a long and completely fantastical affair" ("длинная и совершенно фантастическая история"). Rauschenbach worked with Keldysh on jet engine dynamics until 1954, later saying that "In my life, I worked for two bosses only, Korolyov and Keldysh, both men of high integrity, and that's important" ("Начальников в жизни у меня было только два — Королев, и Келдыш, высоконравственные люди, вот что очень важно"). His twin daughters were born in 1950 in Moscow; wife, Vera Rauschenbach, worked in State Historical Museum in Moscow.

Space flight control (1954-1970s)
In 1954, Keldysh allowed Rauschenbach to concentrate on space flight theory, notably orientation of a spacecraft in flight, although it had little common with Keldysh's own jobs. Next year, Rauschenbach joined the Korolyov firm. "It was not a breakup with Keldysh. Rather, my work outgrew his institute, and Keldysh himself negotiated transfer of my team to Korolyov" ("Это не был разрыв с Келдышем. Просто работы, которые я вел, уже не помещались в институте, и Келдыш сам договорился с Королевым, что я со своей “командой” перехожу к нему").

Rauschenbach's first major success was the lunar flyby of Luna 3 in October 1959, that returned the first photographs of Moon's far side. This was followed by flight control systems for interplanetary probes to Venus, Mars and crewed orbital space flight. He was on the mission control during the flight and recorded Gagarin's first technical reports after it. 1961 Soviet newspapers described his identity as Professor V. Ivanchenko. Rauschenbach also designed instruments for the Vostok 3-Vostok 6 joint flight and the first Soyuz spacecraft docking systems.

Rauschenbach School
Since 1948, Rauschenbach lectured in Physics and Technical Department of Moscow State University, which was converted to an independent Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MFTI) in 1951. Rauschenbach chaired Theoretical Mechanics department in MFTI since 1978. His course of lectures in the recent years was 'Dynamics of spaceflight'.

Rauschenbach trained the first cosmonauts in flight dynamics and spacecraft control systems, but after the death of Korolyov in 1965, he gradually stepped aside from active space program and concentrated on academic activities and his studies of art.

Art theories and theology
Rauschenbach later linked his interest to visual art with the problems of docking spacecraft. During docking operation, pilot could see the other spacecraft only on a TV screen. Does it render real objects well enough, wondered Rauschenbach, to bet the lives of two crews on a flat electronic image? This led him to study perspective and human perception of flat images. This applied problem transformed into general interest in humanities: "Art and art studies, faith and religion live forever, and the man is always anxious to step further into the deep of it" ("искусство и искусствознание, вера и религия существуют вечно, и в человеке всегда живет и будет жить какое-то беспокойство, желание проникнуть как можно глубже в сущность всего этого").

Rauschenbach's first published work outside rocketry, "Spatial composition in old Russian art" (1975) and later "Spatial composition in painting" (1980, including world art) were dedicated to mathematical foundations of perspective in art. His mathematics prove the impossibility of rendering correct spatial perspective on a flat sheet. His studies of the difference between the material artwork and human perception of it indicated that perception differs with the subject of an image. Great artists deliberately distorted perspective, and the degree of distortion depends on the subject.

His theological essays, published in the 1990s, concentrate on the proof of Holy Trinity. This work, as well as studies of icons, earned him credits of Russian Orthodox Church. At the age over 70 Rauschenbach experienced clinical death and after that he was rebaptized converting to Orthodoxy.

Awards

 * 1960 - Lenin Prize for automatic circumlunar flight
 * 1961 - Order of Lenin for the first crewed spaceflight
 * 1966 - Correspondent member, Academy of Sciences of USSR
 * 1986 - Member, Academy of Sciences of USSR
 * 1990 - Hero of Socialist Labor
 * 1994 - Demidov Prize for works in mechanics
 * Asteroid 4237 Raushenbach is named after him.

Books by Rauschenbach
In English:
 * Rauschenbach, Boris V., "Hermann Oberth: The Father of Space Flight 1894-1989", West Art Pub, 1994, ISBN 0-914301-14-4
 * Rauschenbach, Boris V., "On My Concept of Perceptual Perspective that Accounts for Parallel and Inverted Perspective in Pictorial Art", Leonardo, Oxford, vol.16, no.1, Winter 1983,
 * Rauschenbach, Boris V., "The Rocket Flight Stability Problem: A History of Misconceptions", 30th History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1996, ISBN 0-87703-498-2

In Russian:
 * Раушенбах Б.В. Вибрационное горение, М., 1961г.
 * Раушенбах Б.В. Управление ориентацией в космических аппаратах, М., 1974
 * Раушенбах Б.В. Системы перспективы в изобразительном искусстве. Общая теория перспективы. - М., 1986
 * Раушенбах Б.В. Пространственные построения в живописи. - М., 1980
 * Раушенбах Б.В. Геометрия картины и зрительное восприятие. - М., 1994, ISBN 5-352-00001-X
 * Раушенбах Б.В. Герман Оберт (1894-1989) М., 1993, ISBN 5-02-006992-2
 * Раушенбах Б.В. Пристрастие, - М., 1997, ISBN 5-7784-0020-9
 * Раушенбах Б.В. Постскриптум (воспоминания). - М., 1999, ISBN 5-7784-0185-X
 * Раушенбах Б.В. Праздные мысли. - М., 2000

title: Boris Rauschenbach


text:
User talk:Cowwoofwoof

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Bushytails 05:38, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Cowwoofwoof


text: File:Robbie Williams - Strong - CD single cover.jpg


text:
Aretas IV Philopatris

Aretas IV Philopatris (Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢗𐢓𐢆 𐢊𐢛𐢞𐢞 𐢛𐢊𐢒 Ḥārītaṯ Rāḥem-ʿammeh "Aretas, friend of his people" ) was the King of the Nabataeans from roughly 9 BC to 40 AD.

His daughter Phasaelis was married to, and divorced from, Herod Antipas. Herod then married his stepbrother's wife, Herodias. It was opposition to this marriage that led to the beheading of John the Baptist. After he received news of the divorce, Aretas invaded the territory of Herod Antipas and defeated his army.

Rise to power

Aretas came to power after the assassination of Obodas III, who was apparently poisoned. Josephus says that he was originally named Aeneas, but took "Aretas" as his throne name. An inscription from Petra suggests that he may have been a member of the royal family, as a descendant of Malichus I.

The capital of his kingdom was a prosperous trading city, Petra, some 170 miles south of Amman. Petra is famous for the many monuments carved into the rose-red sandstone. The power of the Nabateans extended over the caravan routes south and east of Judea, from the seventh century BC to the second century AD.

His full title, as given in the inscriptions, was "Aretas, King of the Nabataeans, Friend of his People." Being the most powerful neighbour of Judea, he frequently took part in the state affairs of that country and was influential in shaping the destiny of its rulers. While not on particularly good terms with Rome, and though it was only after great hesitation that Augustus recognized him as king, he nevertheless took part in the expedition of Varus against the Jews in the year 4 BC, and placed a considerable army at the disposal of the Roman general.

Aretas had two wives. The first was Huldu to whom he was already married when he became king. Her profile was featured on Nabataean coins until 16 AD. After a gap of a few years the face of his second wife, Shaqilath, began appearing on the coins.

Defeat of Herod Antipas
Aretas' daughter, Phasaelis of Nabataea, married Herod Antipas, otherwise known as Herod the Tetrarch. Phasaelis fled to her father when she discovered her husband intended to divorce her in order to take a new wife, Herodias, mother of Salome. Herodias was already married to his brother, Herod II, who died around AD 33/34. Antipas married Herodias. According to Christian accounts, it was opposition to this marriage that led to the beheading of John the Baptist. However, the Jewish-Roman historian Josephus depicts John's execution instead as being a preemptive effort to prevent a rebellion.

Aretas invaded Herod Antipas' domain and defeated his army, partly because soldiers from the region of Philip the Tetrarch (a third brother) gave assistance to King Aretas. Josephus does not identify these auxiliary troops (he calls them 'fugitives'), but Moses of Chorene identifies them as being the army of King Abgarus of Edessa. Antipas was able to escape only with the help of Roman forces.

Herod Antipas then appealed to Emperor Tiberius, who dispatched the governor of Syria, Lucius Vitellius the Elder, to attack Aretas. Vitellius gathered his legions and moved southward, stopping in Jerusalem for the passover of AD 37, when news of the emperor's death arrived. The invasion of Nabataea was never completed.

The Christian Apostle Paul mentions that he had to sneak out of Damascus in a basket through a window in the wall to escape the ethnarch of King Aretas (2 Corinthians 11:32, 33, cf Acts 9:23, 24). Proposals that control of Damascus was gained by King Aretas between the death of Herod Philip in 33/34 AD and his death in 40 AD are contradicted by substantial evidence against Aretas controlling the city before 37 AD and many reasons why it could not have been a gift from Caligula between 37 and 40 AD. Most uncertainty stems from whether troops belonging to Aretas actually controlled the city, or if Paul was referring to "the official in control of a Nabataean community in Damascus, and not the city as a whole." Several have proposed that Aretas briefly annexed Damascus after 37 AD.

Aretas IV died in AD 40 and was succeeded by his son Malichus II and daughter Shaqilath II.

title: Aretas IV Philopatris


text:
St Helena Secondary College

St Helena Secondary College is a co-educational state secondary school in Eltham North, Victoria, Australia. The school is situated within the City of Banyule local council area. St Helena Secondary College has an enrolment ceiling (maximum number of students). Due to the demand for places at the school exceeding this ceiling in some years, the school has a geographic zone around it within which students are prioritised for enrolment. As well as its academic focus, St Helena has a number of extra-curricular activities including an extensive music program, musicals and sporting programs.

Structure
The school is divided into three separate 'mini schools', each catering for the needs of the students at the different stages of their development. Each mini school also has its own principal. These 'Mini School Principals' work mainly with their own mini school, while also being involved in school-wide positions and tasks. The current principals are: Junior School – Shaun Isbister; Middle School – Vittoria Saliba; Senior School – Simon Braknys. The College Principal is Karen Terry.

Performance
Rock Eisteddfod

The college was involved in the Rock Eisteddfod annual competition until it ceased in 2012. The performances, although limited to eight minutes, enabled over 100 students each year to work together to create and perform a dance routine focused on positive lifestyles.

Drama

In 2004 the first College Production was staged. The play "I’m on TV" allowed students, with the aid of director Emma Oliver, to build on and act out a story. The project was considered a success and has been added to the college's list of annual events. This provides another option to students interested in drama and performance.

In 2020, the school introduced the Northern Youth Performing Arts academy program, which provides students with after-school alumni-led workshops and performance opportunities to encourage further improvement in theatre and dance skills.

Musical production

The musical production is a yearly event, directed previously by Glenda Evans and Christopher Hewitt currently directed by Laura Zinghini. In its long-running history the St Helena Performing Arts community has completed many shows.

One particular aspect of the college musical productions is a yearly Juanita Coco Award, named for Juanita Coco, an ex-student of the college who was an exemplary student and person, as well as a member of Young Talent Time. Unfortunately, she was killed in a car accident in 1993 before that year's show could be performed, and this award was enacted in her honour to be presented to the cast member who exemplifies the qualities Juanita stood for.

Instrumental music

All of St Helena's students are encouraged to learn a musical instrument. There are currently four concert bands, with brass, woodwind and percussion instruments, four jazz bands, as well as many smaller ensembles.

Each year, the Senior Concert Band and the Senior Jazz Band travel interstate to compete in band competitions.

Notable past students

 * Alicia Banit – Actress
 * Alyssa Bannan – AFLW
 * Christie Whelan Browne – actress
 * Jaryd Clifford – Paralympic athlete
 * Juanita Coco – Young Talent Time star
 * Brayden Fiorini – AFL footballer
 * Luke Godden – AFL Footballer
 * Chris Kamolins – AFL Umpire
 * Lachlan Jones – Paralympian
 * Darcy Macpherson – AFL footballer
 * Alex Patterson – Matador
 * Simon Prestigiacomo – AFL Footballer
 * Adam Simpson – AFL footballer
 * Nick Vlastuin – AFL footballer

title: St Helena Secondary College


text:
Dan Kreider

Daniel S. Kreider (born March 11, 1977) is an American former professional football player who was a fullback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the New Hampshire. He was signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent in 2000.

Kreider earned a Super Bowl ring with the Steelers in Super Bowl XL, defeating the Seattle Seahawks. He has also played for the St. Louis Rams and the Arizona Cardinals.

College career
Kreider earned state Section II Best Player honors as a senior at Manheim, Pennsylvania's Manheim Central High School. He attended the University of New Hampshire and was an A student and letterman in football. In football, he was a three-year starter at fullback; as a senior, he posted 92 rushing attempts for 518 yards (5.6 yards per rushing attempt avg.), and 25 receptions for 275 yards (11.00 yards per reception avg.) and a touchdown. He majored in business administration.

Pittsburgh Steelers
Kreider entered the league when the Steelers signed him as an undrafted free agent following the 2000 NFL Draft. After playing on the team's practice squad, he was signed to the active roster on October 17, 2000, to replace Jon Witman, who had been injured.

He remained on the active roster for the remainder of the season and was named the Steelers' Rookie of the Year, playing better than draftees Plaxico Burress and Marvel Smith. Starting at fullback in Super Bowl XL vs Seattle, Kreider threw a key block for quarterback Ben Roethlisberger on a one-yard touchdown run in the second quarter to give the Steelers a 7-3 lead.

It was announced on September 7, 2007 that there may be some games during the 2007 season that Kreider may not even dress. It was also announced at the same time that he would not be the starting fullback, but rather Carey Davis would assume that role for at least the first game.

After tearing his ACL in week 12 against the Miami Dolphins, he was placed on season-ending injured reserve on November 29.

St. Louis Rams
On July 22, 2008 Kreider was signed by the St. Louis Rams but later released on November 23, 2008. Kreider was the Rams' starting fullback and played in all 11 games that he was on the team for. He had one carry for zero yards.

Kreider wore 36 for the Rams which was the same number worn by Jerome Bettis when he played for the Rams. Bettis played his first three seasons with the Rams before being traded to the Steelers. Kreider had previously worn 35.

Arizona Cardinals
Kreider signed a one-year contract with the Arizona Cardinals on April 2, 2009. The move reunited him with Cardinals Head Coach Ken Whisenhunt, who had previously been the offensive coordinator for the Steelers during Kreider's time in Pittsburgh.

title: Dan Kreider


text:
Holiday Foreplay

Holiday Foreplay is an extended play (EP) by American hard rock band L.A. Guns. Released in November 1991 by Polydor Records, it features one track from the band's third album Hollywood Vampires, three previously unreleased live recordings from shows on the album's promotional tour, and a short holiday message from the band's frontman Phil Lewis. The album was a promotional release, and was not made available for widespread retail purchase.

Background
Released in November 1991, Holiday Foreplay includes one track from the studio album Hollywood Vampires ("Dirty Luv"), three live recordings from the album's promotional tour ("Some Lie 4 Love", "Rip and Tear" and "Sex Action"), and a 12-second holiday message from L.A. Guns lead vocalist Phil Lewis. The previously unreleased tracks, produced and mixed by Biff Dawes, were recorded at two shows during the summer: "Some Lie 4 Love" on August 31, 1991 at Sunken Gardens in San Antonio, Texas, and "Rip and Tear" and "Sex Action" on September 14, 1991 at Irvine Meadows Amphitheatre in Irvine, California.

Reception
Reviewing the Holiday Foreplay EP, The Hard Report claimed that "The live tracks are cool, but it's still hard to capture the energy and excitement of their live set", adding that "these live tracks give you a little insight into the rawness of it" due to the lack of "studio gloss" added in their production. Tracks from the EP reportedly received a lot of radio play, making it onto the publication's "Most Added Metal" list and later its "Hard Hitters" chart.

Personnel
L.A. Guns Additional personnel
 * Phil Lewis – lead vocals
 * Tracii Guns – lead guitar, backing vocals
 * Mick Cripps – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
 * Kelly Nickels – bass, backing vocals
 * Steve Riley – drums, percussion, backing vocals
 * Michael James Jackson – production and recording (track 1)
 * Biff Dawes – recording, engineering and mixing (tracks 2–4)
 * Maxine Miller – illustration

title: Holiday Foreplay


text: User talk:70.171.63.190

title: User talk:70.171.63.190


text: User talk:71.106.226.137

title: User talk:71.106.226.137


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Talk:Red card

Untitled
What if the goalkeeper is punished with the red card? Will the concerned team's goal be ungauarded? Patrickov 05:45, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * No, a player will be substituted (normal substitution) for the reserve keeper. However, it is logically possible to continue a game without the goalkeeper, but I don't see any managers stupid enough to do so. Number 8 04:59, 10 April 2006 (UTC)
 * That is incorrect. The Laws of the Game mandate that one of the players must be a goalkeeper; should the GK be sent off another player must assume the position of goalkeeper. --211.30.119.206 08:41, 13 June 2006 (UTC)
 * The goalkeeper, if injured, can be substituted for a second goalkeeper. But if carded, then one of the players on the field must wear a goalkeeper's jersey and replace the job of the goaly. That is also the case if all of the substitutions have been used and the goalkeeper was injured. Stoa 18:10, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

Proposed Merge With Yellow card

 * ''See Talk:Yellow card

Oval shape
Why is the red card sometimes oval shaped? Scott Gall 22:59, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

If the referee has both cards in the same pocket he can distinguish which is which without pulling both out of his pocket. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Adak14 (talk • contribs) 02:41, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

rugby union
I thought you couldn't send on a replacement in rugby union if a player was red carded. I might be wrong but I'm not sure. If I'm not wrong the article needs to be amended to reflect this as the way it is written only football players are removed for a red card and no sub may be made. Outside Center 02:11, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * As no one has said anything I'm going to go ahead and change it. Outside Center 02:04, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

I'm taking out the part about "going drinking"
"Once a year, each of your friends may call a "red card" which means that person MUST go out and drink that night, whether it be a weekday or weekend. There are no excuses, and once a person has been "red carded" then going drinking is mandatory. Not following the rules may result in death."

You know, grammatically, this would actually mean that the friend that called the red card would be the one who had to go drinking. What they should have said was "you must go out and drink that night" seeing as how they put "you" in the first place.

Anyways, this obviously has no place here, i'm taking it out. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Indalcecio (talk • contribs) 17:51, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

"Red Card (Disambiguation)" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Red Card (Disambiguation) and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 August 24 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Steel1943 (talk) 16:24, 24 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Red card


text:
Tucker B's

Tucker B's are an Australian band, originally from Perth, but based in Sydney since 2005.

History
The Tucker B's were formed at the end of 1994 by Matt Rudas and Andrew Houston, performing their first gig together at the Harbourside in Fremantle. In 1995, with the addition of Sean Pezzali, they released a tape called Pipo Karna Eh. Arm A Drunk was released in 1997; shortly afterwards, drummer Sean Pezzali left to work in Australia's north.

In 2003, with the addition of Darren Nuttall and Tim Day, the Tucker B's released Bish Bosh II: The Bosh Bosh through Quietly Suburban Records. The band toured the album extensively throughout Australia. This schedule took its toll, with Tim Day leaving the band, to be replaced by Matthew Maguire from Adam Said Galore. In 2005 the band moved to Sydney and released their fourth studio album, Chubby, which spawned a hit single with "The Turning" on high rotation on Triple J and "Bullets" not far behind. In 2007, Matt Blackman (Purplene, Charge Group, Palace of Fire) took up the role of drummer for the band (the eighth drummer the band has had).

In 2009 they released their latest album, Nightmares in the Key of (((((Wow))))), which was produced by Burke Reid (The Mess Hall, The Drones) and features contributions from Chris Ross (Wolfmother, Palace of Fire).

Touring
The Tucker B's have played many shows in Perth supporting artists including Bluetile Lounge, Molasses, O!, Squadcar 9x, Adam Said Galore, Jon Spencer and his Blues Explosion, Trans Am, and in the Eastern States supporting Peabody, Art of Fighting, Dappled Cities Fly, and the Mountain Goats and Wolfmother among others.

The Tucker B's have also played at the South By Southwest Festival in Austin, Texas, complete with an extensive tour of the United States. This was followed in 2006 by a national tour supporting Wolfmother.

In 2007 The Tucker B's performed at the Sydney leg of the Big Day Out and at Homebake.

Current

 * Andrew Houston — bass, vocals (1994–present)
 * Matt Rudas — guitar, vocals (1994–present)
 * Darren Nuttall — guitar, vocals (2000–present)
 * Matt Blackman — drums (2006–present)
 * Brent Griffin (Spod); keyboards (live 2009–present)

Former

 * Rick Bryant — guitar
 * Reid Butler — drums (2005–06)
 * Nikolai Danko — drums (2006)
 * Tim Day — drums (2003)
 * Horrie Gauze — drums
 * Damien Gill — saxophone
 * Michael Lake — guitar
 * Matt Maguire — drums (2003–05)
 * Sean Pezzali — drums (1994–1997)
 * Daniel Spittles — drums

Chubby — Pompous/Inertia/Remote Control (2005)

 * The Turning
 * Oh Problem
 * Yes No Authority
 * Forget all these F**kss
 * The Legs
 * Nothing Can Touch Me Now You
 * Bish Bosh II: The Bosh Bosh
 * Undisciplined
 * Bullets
 * Suss Services
 * Lord We Are Your Playlord

title: Tucker B's


text:
Onkaparinga River

The Onkaparinga River, known as Ngangkiparri or Ngangkiparingga ("place of the women’s river") in the Kaurna language, is a river located in the Southern Adelaide region in the Australian state of South Australia. Rising in the Mount Lofty Ranges, the river's estuary extends from Old Noarlunga to the river's mouth between the suburbs of Port Noarlunga and Port Noarlunga South.

Etymology and history
The name derives from the language of the Kaurna people, a word written as either Ngangkiparri or Ngangkiparingga (the -ngga suffix means "at"). Translated, it means "place of the women’s river".

On 13 April 1831, British military officer Captain Collet Barker and his party arrived at Cape Jervis on the Isabella. He examined the east coast of Gulf St Vincent and found the Onkaparinga River on 15 April. After anchoring and heading inland Barker then explored the ranges inland, north of the present site of Adelaide, and climbed Mount Lofty where he also sighted the Port River inlet, Barker Inlet and the future Port Adelaide.

In 1837 Surveyor-General of South Australia Colonel William Light named it Field's River, or the Field River, after Lieutenant William George Field RN (1804–1850) of the brig Rapid (one of the "first fleet"), who carried out the first surveys in the vicinity of its estuary, but subsequent Governor George Gawler soon reinstated the Indigenous name.

The first European settlers to explore its sources and the Onkaparinga Valley were the party of George Imlay and John Hill in January 1838.

Course and features
The Onkaparinga River rises on the slopes of the Mount Lofty Range between Mount Torrens and Charleston and flows generally southwesterly, south of the Adelaide city centre, to reach its mouth at Port Noarlunga. The catchment area is over 500 km2 in area, and in part includes the protected areas of the Encounter Marine Park, the Onkaparinga River National Park, the Onkaparinga River Recreation Park and the Port Noarlunga Reef Aquatic Reserve. The river descends 422 m over its 88 km course.

The Onkaparinga River is the second major river within the Adelaide metropolitan area, after the River Torrens. It is a source of fresh water for Adelaide. Mount Bold Reservoir was constructed between 1932 and 1938 along a section of its path approximately 20 km inland. Much of its flow is diverted via a tunnel from the Clarendon Weir to the Happy Valley Reservoir, that in turn supplies some 40 per cent of Adelaide's water supply. Most years the flow to the reservoir is supplemented by water pumped from the River Murray via a pipeline from Murray Bridge.

Downstream from Mount Bold Reservoir is the Clarendon Weir. To maintain levels at Clarendon Weir, water is released only as required. The Onkaparinga Gorge extends from Clarendon to Old Noarlunga. An estuary extends from Old Noarlunga to the river's mouth between the suburbs of Port Noarlunga and Port Noarlunga South. The estuary is a significant breeding area for local marine fish species.

The Coast to Vines rail trail crosses over the river just west of where Main South Road crosses over. The Seaford railway line passes over the river on a 1.2 km elevated bridge (known as the Onkaparinga Valley Bridge) which was built between 2011 and 2014.

title: Onkaparinga River


text:
Talk:List of destroyer classes of the United States Navy

Destroyer escorts
Removed Dealey class destroyer escorts. Don't know why they were here but I wound up duping some info. RasputinAXP  talk  *  contribs  05:48, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Huh. Removed Claud Jones class DE's too. RasputinAXP  talk  *  contribs  05:07, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Named section. Ottoman project Review me 20:27, 30 May 2009 (UTC)

Dates?
Do the dates indicated when the ships were manufactured or when they were in active service? --Jfruh (talk) 18:40, 18 November 2008 (UTC)
 * The problem is resolved on the latest version. First column is first keel laid down; second is last ship commissioned. mynameinc (t|c| o |r) 20:06, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

false
"by the end of World War II, the U.S. Navy had also commissioned 112 six-gun destroyers derived from the Fletcher design; 67 Allen M. Sumner class 2200 tonners and 45 Gearing class 2250 tonners." data for Gearings it's false only a few were commisioned by the end of war and none gone in combat in WWII

Crew size?
What was the typical crew size of WWII and "between the wars" destroyers? Thanks. Charvex (talk) 07:30, 10 August 2012 (UTC)

Troublesome second sentence.
Hello. When first reading the article I found this sentence..."In 1898, while the Spanish–American War was being fought in the Caribbean and the Pacific, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt wrote that torpedo boats were the only threat to the American navy, and pushed for the acquisition of torpedo boat destroyers."...from the opening paragraph somewhat troublesome. Here's why: TR resigned as Asst. Navy Sec. on 25 April 1898, the same day Congress reciprocated Spains declaration of war. Anything he wrote about torpedo boats during the war would have been as Lt. Col. Roosevelt U.S. Army Volunteers, not still as A.S.o.N. or perhaps he wrote about them and lobbied Congrees for torpedo boat destroyers in the weeks prior to the declaration of war. Either way the statement seems to be incorrect as written. Some sourcing for it would be nice. Sector001 (talk) 15:32, 11 June 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080305092117/http://www.destroyers.org/Class/cl-Cassin.htm to http://www.destroyers.org/Class/cl-Cassin.htm
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080809220031/http://www.destroyers.org/Class/cl-Clemson.htm to http://www.destroyers.org/Class/cl-Clemson.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110617013440/http://www.destroyerhistory.org/benson-gleavesclass/ to http://destroyerhistory.org/benson-gleavesclass/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160314030402/http://destroyerhistory.org/coldwar/spruanceclass/ to http://destroyerhistory.org/coldwar/spruanceclass/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120510104818/http://destroyerhistory.org/arleighburkeclass/flighti/ to http://destroyerhistory.org/arleighburkeclass/flighti/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141129010529/http://destroyerhistory.org/arleighburkeclass/flightiia/ to http://destroyerhistory.org/arleighburkeclass/flightiia/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110725231649/http://destroyerhistory.org/coldwar/charlesfadamsclass/ to http://destroyerhistory.org/coldwar/charlesfadamsclass/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090219202357/http://destroyerhistory.org/ to http://destroyerhistory.org/

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External links modified
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text:
User talk:Graydon Hoare

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! RJFJR 05:49, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

I'm sorry! Thanks for letting me know about the deletion request
I'm sorry! I think I was reading/editing stuff about compilers and/or Rust and became curious about you and wanted to make it easier for the next person who became curious about you to satisfy their curiosity. That said, I respect your decision to be someone who doesn't have a Wikipedia page. Thank you for letting me know, and thank you for being kind and considerate in your deletion request.

Wikipedia conventions are indeed confusing, which is unfortunate. (In fact, this is the first time I'm editing a user talk page—or any talk page, for that matter—and I find myself uneasy about whether I'm "doing it right.")

Thanks for your contributions to Rust and all my best,

-- Haeinous (talk) 08:42, 1 June 2021 (UTC) haeinous

No worries, thanks for the quick response! I'm not religious about privacy, just shy and on balance prefer not to be too visible.

Graydon Hoare (talk) 21:42, 1 June 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Graydon Hoare


text:
User:Ckamaeleon

$$Insert formula here$$ '''Have a message for me? Leave it on my talk page.'''

'''I've just moved from the U.S. to Japan, which is why I've been so scarce lately. While I've safely jumped continents, I am still settling in. It looks like I won't have Internet access at home until late Sept.- early Oct. See you then!'''

I recently received my bachelor's degree in French as well as International Relations & Area Studies, specializing in East Asia. I have an interest in cultural and linguistic anthropology, which I've tried to satisfy with my area studies.

My current geography is: Conway, Arkansas, United States. You don't want to visit. I'm packing my things up this summer to begin a job teaching English in Japan with the JET Programme. I've previously lived in France and am pleased to be traveling internationally again. Kyuushu island, Japan. It's rural, and a lot like Arkansas..except I can't understand anything.

I typically edit English Wikipedia, but often read French Wikipedia when I am looking for more information on "French" subjects (historical figures, renowned French people, French institutions or technology). I may edit lightly in the future... but do I really have the command of French's nuances that I'd need to write authoritatively in it?

Like most editors, I started by creating stubs and adding to stubs.

These days, I've been using the talk pages more heavily and have started doing more wikifying. I'm also logging in more often now, since I use many computers and I've lost track of some of my past edits that way.
 * Kate's Edit Counting Tool
 * Some non-minor contributions

In Theory
 Philosophically , I'm an inclusionist. This goes back much further than Wikipedia, and applies to most aspects of my life. It's tied to my fear of not having any options, I think. I would rather give you lots and lots of information (and allow you to make an informed decision), than give you an easily-digested nugget that runs the risk of being biased or censored. This is flawed thinking, I know. Most people either can't handle or don't want to have too much information. Research supports it. But like Sisyphus rolling than damned rock up the hill time and time again, I continue to leave extra-detailed comments. If one person finds the information useful, it's worth all the people who criticize me for not getting to the point.

On a related note in Wiki-beliefs, I am opposed to the idea of preventing anonymous edits. Many fine editors and even sysops got their start as dabblers before creating accounts. If they had not had the chance to get to know Wikipedia, they might never have committed to the project. While I certainly think that user accounts are useful, I think that once one decides to edit substantially, one will eventually realize this and create an account. Not all anonymous posters are vandals. Assuming so is to assume bad faith. I recognize that some pages may need partial protection, but I urge admins. to apply those measures judiciously and with a light hand. One of my favorite aspects of Wikipedia is that it doesn't deny the very young or the very old, that people with histories and beliefs can all contribute something to the project. This is the logical extension of that. If you were to put a price on the volunteer hours that people spend here, what would it be? In light of this, I see no reason to compromise the foundations of this project--the idea that anyone can go to a page and correct a typo, add a new link, or discover that there's an article just waiting to be started.

I enjoy the social aspects of Wikipedia, so I suppose I'm slightly more metapedian than exopedian, at the end of the day, my work is for the encyclopedia. I typically like to discuss major changes, like moves, inconsistencies or conflicting thoughts on an article in an attempt to include everyone and to reach consensus. For developing projects, like Spoken Wikipedia, I am active in trying to shape policy, not so much because I want things my way, but so that we have some guides for consistency's sake--it's something that needs doing.

That said, I am not put off if the conversation strays to non-Wikipedia subjects (like troubleshooting your computer) because I feel that everything's connected. When you are feeling good (because of positive interaction with other Wikipedian) and not having to deal with other things (like a broken computer), then you're more likely to contribute productively to the project. Wikipedians can edit individually with out much interaction, but I think the process works much better when people are allowed to form social networks. When we reach out to other Wikipedians, we engender the same behaviour in them and show them that this is a place where they want to be. To borrow the Delta slogan, "Good goes around."

I'm a moderate-to-strong privacy advocate. A lot of Wikipedians toss all sorts of person info up on their user pages. That's well and good for them. But you won't find a lot here. I have no intention of sharing much (if anything) about my religious or political beliefs, my stance on controversial subjects (the abortion debate, for example), my race, my sexual practices or preferences, my thoughts on drug use/abuse or anything like that. It's not that I have unusual or extreme views, I just don't see the point announcing them to the wide, wide world. Most of these subjects are too complex to boil down into a userbox, but they DO have the potential to be prejudicial and divisive. Jimbo recently commented on this very thing with his statement on Userbox policy. Not that I'm saying Jimbo is god, but rather that we happen to feel the same way on this issue. The only real difference is that I simply elected not to throw up such userboxes in the first place, rather than trying to directly discourage other people from putting them up. As far as the debate goes in terms of WP-widepolicy, I can see both sides of it and I'm not sure how I'd vote.

Other strong opinions:

 * I'm in favor of putting the "-ed" on words from other parts of speech that have been "made into" adjectives:  ice tea  vs. iced tea -- it's not tea made of ice. It has been iced, that is, put on ice. Note how Sisyphus rolls the damned stone. The stone has been cursed. Calling it a damn stone doesn't make any sense. Does the stone damn people?

 * American English is a particular variant of English. It is not a separate language. If it were, we would have no BBC America, as nobody would be able to understand it without having taken "British English" in High School or college. I support Wikipedia's policy of editing articles in the variety of English that best pertains to the subject, with the understanding that people do forget and edit in their country's version--or simply didn't know that a "hood" is called a "bonnet" in Britain. Please assume good faith when calling people on "spelling correction" edits. Plus, admit it: it's kind of fun to spell things with a "u".

 * I'm a serial comma person. The only reason newspapers don't do it is because they have space contraints and it looks silly in text in columns. So apples, oranges, and pears. vs. apples, oranges and pears. .. unless the oranges and pears are supposed to be a group separate and distinct from the apples.

 * If there's a question of using a strong verb form or a weak one, I almost always choose the strong version.  "Thus, the dragon was slayed"  vs. "Thus, the dragon was slain." and  "sawn-off shotgun" vs  "sawed-off shotgun"

 * The International Phonetic Alphabet is a wonderful thing. Everyone should learn how to use it broadly, at least. I encourage using IPA notation to clarify the general pronunciation of article names in Wikipedia.

 * Whether it's correct or not, I will always refer to England as Britain, mentioning Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland if I mean specifically those regions, and the whole shebang as the U.K., since I rarely use the terms "England" (reminds me of muffins) and "Great Britain" (too confusing and England-centric).

 * The correct plural of euro is "euro," not "euros."

 * Texas is not a southern state (location), just as Florida isn't (culture). I support the concept of the "mid-South," since places like Arkansas aren't the same type of South as Georgia and South Carolina.

 * I have never said "nucular," except when I'm deliberately being facetious or recording the article for Spoken Wikipedia. Consequently, it took me a long long time to finish the recording, since I had to stop self-correcting mid-recording.

 * A pair of Culottes do not equal a skort

 * This is why people don't trust Wikipedia as a reference.

Spoken Wikipedia Contributions
I participate in the Spoken Wikipedia WikiProject. I've recorded, and , and. But I haven't been at it very long!

Interesting Pages

 * Regional accents of English speakers
 * [|Language Phonologies]

Interesting Projects

 * Spoken Wikipedia
 * French Dialects (inactive??)
 * Beer Project aka WP:WPB
 * Mythology
 * Sociolinguistics

Did You Know?

 * That the word groove is related to the word grave?
 * That jolly good (Brit.) and pretty good (U.S.) are etymologically linked through French?
 * That our word incorrigible is literally uncorrectable in French?
 * That espresso is so called because the coffee is pressed through its filter--not that it's fast or "express"?
 * That in France, all advertisements that contain English words must bear a French translation by law?
 * That Japanese has a special syllabary called katakana that is used to identify foreign words?

Random Bits

 * I will always have a soft spot in my heart for Swedish bands.

with mixed results.
 * I like languages and have attempted to learn (in this order)
 * French
 * German
 * Portuguese (Brazil)
 * Japanese

 * If it has been done well enough, it has been done quickly enough.
 * —Tycho Brahe (thanks to Demi for drawing attn to this excellent motto)

Why is your To-Do List Waaaay Down Here??

 * create LR user box--find free media for that
 * oh.. and that columbine article.

title: User:Ckamaeleon


text:
Clark Haggans

Clark Cromwell Haggans (January 10, 1977 – June 17, 2023) was an American professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Colorado State Rams as a defensive end, and was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the fifth round of the 2000 NFL Draft. Haggans played in the NFL from 2000 through 2012 for the Steelers, Arizona Cardinals and San Francisco 49ers.

Haggans earned a Super Bowl ring with the Steelers in Super Bowl XL against the Seattle Seahawks.

College career
Haggans played defensive end at Colorado State University. He was a productive pass rusher at Colorado State, where he walked on as a freshman, eventually earning a scholarship. He was a teammate of former Steelers teammate Joey Porter and former Cincinnati Bengals linebacker Adrian Ross. Haggans holds the Colorado State all-time sack record to this day, with 33 sacks recorded. He was inducted into the Colorado State University Athletics Hall of Fame in 2015.

Pittsburgh Steelers
The Steelers selected Haggans out of the fifth round of the 2000 NFL Draft. He became a regular starter at left outside linebacker in 2004 when the team released long-time starter Jason Gildon.

Haggans recorded six quarterback sacks in 2004, and had nine sacks during the 2005 regular season. Haggans was second on the Steelers defense in tackles for Super Bowl XL, and also recorded a sack, helping the Steelers defeat the Seattle Seahawks. In 2008, Haggans became an unrestricted free agent.

Arizona Cardinals
On March 26, 2008, Haggans agreed to a one-year contract with the Arizona Cardinals. He was placed on injured reserve with a foot injury on December 19, ending his season. Without Haggans, the Cardinals would reach Super Bowl XLIII, but would lose to his old team, the Pittsburgh Steelers, 27−23.

An unrestricted free agent in the 2009 offseason, Haggans was re-signed to a three-year contract by the Cardinals on March 17. In 2009, he would go on to register 74 tackles, 5 sacks, and 2 forced fumbles in 16 games played. In 2010, he had 47 tackles, 5 sacks, and 1 forced fumble in 13 games. In 2011, he reunited with Ray Horton who was hired as the new Arizona Cardinals defensive coordinator to implement the Pittsburgh Steelers style defense at Arizona.

Haggans re-signed with the Cardinals on June 5, 2012, on a one-year deal.

San Francisco 49ers
On September 2, 2012, Haggans agreed to a one-year contract with the San Francisco 49ers. The 49ers finished the 2012 NFL season with an 11−4−1 record and reached Super Bowl XLVII, but lost 34−31 to the Baltimore Ravens.

Personal life and death
Haggans played football, basketball, and track at Palos Verdes Peninsula High School (PVPHS) in Southern California, earning three letters in each sport. During his freshman and sophomore years, he was on football teams that went undefeated. In 1993 and 1994, he was named all-league as a tight end and defensive tackle, while also earning all-division honors. In 1994, Haggans helped lead PVPHS's varsity team to a league title. He had a son named Damon and a daughter named Alianna. He majored in art at Colorado State.

Haggans died on June 17, 2023, at the age of 46. His death was attributed towards chronic alcohol use.

Charity
In 2012, Haggans became the first NFL player to support the Black Out Child Abuse Campaign. Black Out Child Abuse, Inc. is a 501(c)3 non-profit foundation, with offices in Westerville, OH, was founded in 2012 and serves families and organizations across the country; bringing education, assistance and support to those in need. Haggans wore blackout paint as opposed to the stick on in support of this cause.

title: Clark Haggans


text:
Under Fire (Dad's Army)

"Under Fire" is a missing episode in the British comedy series Dad's Army. It was originally transmitted on Saturday 5 April 1969. One of the three missing Dad's Army episodes, the videotape was wiped for reuse. The last episode of series 2, it was the final Dad's Army episode to be recorded in black and white.

Plot
The platoon arrest a suspect agent, who insists on being a British citizen, despite his accent, and the fact that he has a dog called Fritz. He attempts to help them put out a fire in the church hall, and is then found to be Warden Hodges' uncle. He comments that he doesn't know how Britain will win the war, and Wilson agrees.

Cast

 * Arthur Lowe as Captain Mainwaring
 * John Le Mesurier as Sergeant Wilson
 * Clive Dunn as Lance Corporal Jones
 * John Laurie as Private Frazer
 * James Beck as Private Walker
 * Arnold Ridley as Private Godfrey
 * Ian Lavender as Private Pike
 * Geoffrey Lumsden as Corporal-Colonel Square
 * Janet Davies as Mavis Pike
 * John Ringham as Captain Bailey
 * Queenie Watts as Mrs Keen
 * Gladys Dawson as Mrs Witt
 * Ernst Ulman as Sigmund Murphy
 * Bill Pertwee as ARP Warden Hodges
 * June Peterson as the woman

Remake

 * Kevin McNally as Captain Mainwaring
 * Robert Bathurst as Sergeant Wilson
 * Kevin Eldon as Lance Corporal Jones
 * David Hayman as Private Frazer
 * Mathew Horne as Private Walker
 * Timothy West as Private Godfrey
 * Tom Rosenthal as Private Pike
 * David Horovitch as Corporal-Colonel Square
 * Tracy-Ann Oberman as Mavis Pike
 * William Andrews as Captain Bailey
 * Tamzin Griffin as Mrs Keen
 * Thelma Ruby as Mrs Witt
 * Philip Pope as Sigmund Murphy
 * Simon Ludders as ARP Warden Hodges
 * Joann Condon as the woman

Radio Episode
The radio episode still exists. It was Episode 11 of the 1st radio series.

title: Under Fire (Dad's Army)


text: Category:KC Accidental albums

title: Category:KC Accidental albums


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thoth-amon

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Merge and redirect. Rx StrangeLove 05:29, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Thoth-amon
Looks like a merge and redirect to me, but i thought it was worth checking here first/ Grutness...  wha?  05:53, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. The Thoth-amon character features in multiple Conan stories and has appeared, AFAIK, in every version of Conan adapted to other mediums. He's typically identified as Conan's nemesis. The article needs expansion. It's 2 AM local time, but I'm going to tag the page and take a look at it in the near future to do some expansion on it. Justin Bacon 07:12, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge/Redirect to Thoth-Amon. — RJH 18:19, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge/Redirect to Thoth-Amon as per RJH and nom. Capitalistroadster 23:19, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge/Redirect to Thoth-Amon as per nom --Rogerd 00:18, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:From the Sounds Inside

Fair use rationale for Image:From the sounds inside album cover.jpg
Image:From the sounds inside album cover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 21:49, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:From the Sounds Inside