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String piano

String piano is a term coined by American composer-theorist Henry Cowell (1897–1965) to collectively describe pianistic extended techniques in which sound is produced by direct manipulation of the strings, instead of or in addition to striking the piano's keys. Pioneered by Cowell in the 1920s, such techniques are now often called upon in the works of avant-garde classical music composers.

Techniques
String piano compositions can involve a wide range of techniques. Among those employed by Cowell, the first major proponent of the approach, are:
 * plucking (pizzicato)
 * flicking back and forth across a string with a fingernail (similar to a mandolin tremolo)
 * sweeping chromatically across the strings with the fingers
 * sweeping across the strings with the flat of the hand (producing a tone cluster)
 * sweeping along one or more strings with the flesh of the finger(s)
 * scraping along one or more strings with the fingernail(s)

Strings may also be pressed at specific points along their length with the fingers of one hand while being played by the other to produce different harmonic pitches. These sounding techniques may be combined with direct muting of the strings with devices similar to those used to mute violins. In string piano pieces that call for the performer to sit at the keyboard, the keys may be depressed and held down silently with one hand to create chords, including tone clusters, that are played by the other on the strings; use of the sustain and soft pedals offer additional variations to string piano playing. For string piano pieces in which the performer stands alongside the instrument without addressing the keyboard, the pedals of the piano (and even, silently, the keys) may also be employed with the help of an assistant or a deadweight. Cowell also wrote passages for techniques involving simultaneous manipulation of the strings—sliding along one or more with the fingers or a metal object—and keyboard sounding in order to produce glissando effects. Other objects, such as bows and brushes, may also be used to elicit sound directly from the strings.

History
According to Cowell biographer Michael Hicks, "The first 'serious' composer to write for piano strings was probably Percy Grainger (1882–1961): at the close of his In a Nutshell suite (1916), he directs the pianist to play on several bass strings with a yarn-covered mallet." Soon afterward, Cowell began using string piano techniques in his compositions. One of his first important works to employ the approach is the solo Piece for Piano with Strings (1923). Per the Lichtenwanger listings, Cowell's earliest piece calling for string piano techniques is The Sword of Oblivion (ca. 1920–22) for solo piano. Like A Composition (1925), for piano and string quartet, it combines traditional keyboard sounding with direct string playing. Aeolian Harp (ca. 1923) is Cowell's first composition exclusively for string piano—while keys are silently held down, as described above, all the sounding is done by direct address of the strings. Among his other works purely for string piano are The Banshee (1925 ) and Sinister Resonance (ca. 1930). How Old Is Song? (1930–31) is for voice and string piano (the accompaniment is adapted from Aeolian Harp).

John Cage, a student of Cowell's, was inspired by the string piano concept to pursue his explorations of the prepared piano.

In Music of the Spheres, composed in 1916–18, the Danish composer Rued Langgaard directs the pianist to play glissandi directly on the piano strings. He calls it "Glissando-piano" in the score. In Langgaard's Insektarium for solo piano from 1917, the pianist is also instructed to play directly on the strings in two of the movements.

Although few composers other than Cowell have used the term "string piano" to describe their use of the piano strings (George Crumb, for instance, refers to the "resources of the 'extended piano'"), such techniques were increasingly called upon during the second half of the 20th century, eventually becoming part of the general vocabulary of contemporary pianistic writing and performance. Many composers have used such "inside-the-piano" techniques sporadically, as special effects; a few have made more substantial use of them, such as Crumb (e.g., Makrokosmos, vols. 1 and 2 [1972; 1973]), Halim El-Dabh, Sofia Gubaidulina (e.g., Dancer on a Tightrope [1993]), Mauricio Kagel (e.g., Trio in drei Sätzen [1984–85]), Carl Orff (e.g., Antigonæ [1949]), Karlheinz Stockhausen (e.g., Klavierstücke XII–XIV [1979–84]), Toru Takemitsu (e.g., Corona for Pianists [1962]), and David Tudor. In 1977 composer Stephen Scott founded the Bowed Piano Ensemble at Colorado College, an ensemble of ten musicians playing in and around a grand piano.

Some recordings

 * Daughters of the Lonesome Isle: John Cage (New Albion 070)—includes In the Name of the Holocaust (1942) for string piano and Music for Piano No. 2 (1953), arranged for bowed piano, performed by Margaret Leng Tan
 * George Crumb: Makrokosmos, Vols. 1 and 2 (Music and Arts 1044)—includes a number of pieces featuring string piano techniques, performed by Jo Boatright
 * Henry Cowell: A Continuum Portrait, Vol. 1 (Naxos 8.559192)—includes Irish Suite, for string piano and small orchestra, performed by Continuum, Joel Sachs–conductor, Cheryl Seltzer–piano
 * Henry Cowell: A Continuum Portrait, Vol. 2 (Naxos 8.559193)—includes Piece for Piano with Strings and The Banshee, performed by Cheryl Seltzer
 * Henry Cowell: Piano Music (Smithsonian Folkways 40801)—includes The Banshee and (linked on one track) Aeolian Harp and Sinister Resonance, performed by Henry Cowell (album pictured in article)
 * New Music: Piano Compositions by Henry Cowell (New Albion 103)—includes The Banshee, performed by Chris Brown, and Aeolian Harp, performed by Sorrel Hays
 * Songs of Henry Cowell (Albany–Troy 240)—includes How Old Is Song?, performed by Mary Ann Hart–mezzo-soprano, Jeanne Golan–pianist
 * Vikings of the Sunrise (New Albion 084)—Fantasy on the Polynesian star path navigators, performed by the Bowed Piano Ensemble

title: String piano


text:
Talk:Tom DeLay/Archive 1

Well, there's a bit about his biography, then some criticism of him, then a number of quotations, all of which appear to portray him negatively, then some links - one to his site, then a couple of columns from The Nation, and others critical of his support for the war.

So it's not exactly NPOV, and I think I'll try to make it a bit less anti-Delay.

Kaisershatner 20:44, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)

I think saying he is "fervently" anti-environment is a liberal POV. Maybe he's "pro-business"? That's why I listed the ratings of the interest groups rather than trying to stamp him with POV labels like "anti-enviroment." It's objective that he dislikes the EPA, so I didn't change that, but being against the EPA and "against the environment" aren't synonymous, unless your POV is that the EPA = the environment. Kaisershatner 17:06, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

can someone explain how including 'controversial' and 'being a fiercely partisan politician' makes this article more NPOV than excluding them? they seem like pov statements and i feel like they deserve to be kept out, especially in the beginning paragraph which is supposed to be a brief overview. Thepedestrian 19:01, Oct 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't think that including or excluding those comments affects POV all that much, but their inclusion goes a long way towards pointing out the most notable points of the subjects public life. I wouldn't consider either statement to be terribly subjective, either. As such, I would say the brief overview is well served by leaving them in. Fox1 19:06, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Counting votes?
What is this supposed to mean? AlistairMcMillan 19:09, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

DeLay had a knack for counting votes...

It means that DeLay was good at calling Congressmen, asking what their vote would be, and keeping track of it. That is what a good whip does.

Delay
Is Delay the Majority speaker for the 109th session or the 108th session???
 * he's the majority leader (dennis hastert is the speaker of the house) and he should remain so as he was reelected and the republicans held on to the majority. Thepedestrian 04:07, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

Special?
What makes this guy so special that most of the energy put into this article goes to reverting vandalism?--Lucky13pjn 07:54, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * House Majority Leader, badass reputation. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 09:57, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * He's a Repubeslickin? 06:29, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

It is a right portrayal of him. Southern conservatives like him who violated rules and blatantly disregard anything deserves such criticism, NPOV for me.

NPOV Problems throughout ethics section
Several sentences in this section are poorly written and convey a POV against DeLay. I added a POV tag until these are resolved. Examples:
 * "DeLay saw Texas as a great opportunity for the Republicans to pick up as many as seven Congressional seats if they could redraw Congressional district lines in their favor. The only problem the Texas GOP had was Democratic control of the legislature." (Non-neutral connotation, portrays delay as scheming to correct the Democratic "problem." Also factually incorrect - Democrats only controlled the state House, not the state Senate)
 * "To break the Democratic hold on the state legislature and take advantage of the newly drawn districts" (non-neutral, assigns motives to Delay. Also factually incorrect. Again, the Dems only controlled the House before redistricting. Repubs controlled the Senate)
 * "DeLay decided to raise large amounts of money and outspend the Democrats in the 2002 elections." (non-neutral, poorly written, and assigns motives. Delay did not arbitrarily "decide" to "outspend" the Democrats as if it were some sort of a nefarious plot. He did what all politicians do and raised money for his party along with many others who did the same things. He was able to outraise the Democrats in many, but not all, districts.)
 * " In the process of raising that money, corporate money made its way into DeLay's PAC, Americans for a Republican Majority. As part of Texas' progressive legacy, corporate donations are illegal in Texas." (too much POV e.g. Texas' supposed "progressive legacy." Also, this is the allegation against DeLay, NOT the factual recounting of events. Also - another factual error - the PAC was Texans for a Republican Majority or TRMPAC, not ARMPAC)
 * "Despite the possible illegality of the fundraising, which at the time did not come to light, the Republicans were able to beat the Democrats in Texas in 2002" (very non-neutral, factually inaccurate, and implies that Republicans won a majority only because of DeLay's money. In reality the redistricting plan favored Republicans and many long-time Democrats retired and did not seek reelection - the main reasons the Republicans won the House)
 * "Thus, the Republicans opened up an unprecendented mid-decade district redraw, or gerrymander." (Non-neutral and factually inaccurate. There have been many mid-decade redraws by the legislature including in Texas in 1996 after court rulings on racial gerrymanders)
 * "The Democrat legislators of Texas explained to the press that they had maxed out their credit cards in their effort not to be abducted without a warrant by the state of Texas. The Democrat legislators are still paying the principal and interest on their credit cards. " (poorly written, unprofessional folksy prose - not appropriate for an encyclopedia)

Please fix these and rewrite this section. Then we can remove the POV tag. Rangerdude 23:40, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Many of your points are valid, but how is assigning a motive expressing a POV? People have motives. DeLay started a PAC called Texans for a Republican Majority; thus I think it's safe to assume that DeLay, a Republican, wanted Republicans to control the house.

 * And the redistricting plan was obviously intended to favor Republicans. Historically, the party in power always uses the opportunity to create new district boundaries to it's advantage. A high school civics textbook will even admit that. Just do a good news search for "Texas" and "gerrymandering" and you'll see that most every news source states that Texas was intentionally redistricted to favor Republicans, including right-leaning papers like the Washington Times. I do agree that the factual and grammatical errors should be changed. --Osbojos 01:42, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * "Please fix these and rewrite this section. Then we can remove the POV tag." Sorry if this sounds rude, but why don't you fix them?  You seem to be knowledgable about Delay...  seems like you could just fix it and remove the tag yourself.--Quasipalm 22:28, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

hope to fix my post
Tom Delay page I hopefuly fixed my post "The Democrat legislators of Texas explained to the press that they had maxed out their credit cards in their effort not to be abducted without a warrant by the state of Texas. The Democrat legislators are still paying the principal and interest on their credit cards." but my old post, was put back up.The new post that was removed said; (fixed up the new post) The Democrats legislators missed their families they were not allowed to see their children or sick babies that were in an incubator. They would be arrested without a warrant for seeing their family in Texas. The court with all do speed ruled the Attorney General signed letter was not a warrant. Senator John Whitmire returned without fear of being arrested. The rest of the Democrats fallowed complaining they maxed out their credit cards and are still paying the principal and interest on their credit cards. From user Political hack

My removal
I removed:

 * Barney Frank, a liberal Democrat from Massachusetts, commented that the House Republicans "have the same kind of discipline as the British Conservative or Labour Party, that's why anybody who votes for a Republican in November is voting for Tom DeLay." In the opinion of Jan Reid and Lou Dubose, "it was a partisan observation but nonetheless valid and insightful.  Tom DeLay will someday be elected Speaker.  When he does, he will in effect be the first Prime Minister of the United States."

It didn't really seem to add anything to the discussion before about DeLay's use of parliamentary tactics. I might readd something, but this was article bloat and unnecessary. Meelar (talk) 02:44, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. I readded a sentence about critics and supporters reaction to his command of party discipline. I also removed this paragraph:

"DeLay even defied George W. Bush on the badly wanted energy bill. DeLay refused to pass an energy bill that did not retroactively protect the makers of MTBE, a gasoline additive that is a poison, from lawsuits. (Ibid)"

This is not NPOV; MTBE indicates more controversy than I'm equipped to deal with right now, and the paragraph was not vital to the article. If someone can rephrase it neutrally, be my guest. Meelar (talk) 02:50, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't consider the energy bill story to be POV. DeLay _did_ refuse to make a concession that the White House was willing to make.  The energy bill was priority legislation, so I think DeLay's spiking of its passage is worth noting.  Perhaps you could say "MTBE may be toxic."

 * I think the Barney Frank quotation is great. It's an analysis of the degree of party discipline thatthe Republicans to have.Dinopup 03:19, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree it's an interesting story, but the description of it as trying to protect makers of a poison glosses over a horrendously complex issue (for example, the makers were making MTBE because several states required it). In any case, something like "makers of the gasoline additive MTBE" would be more neutral, and let the reader read MTBE for the fuller explanation of what the story on it is. --Delirium 04:27, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * PS And could someone explain who Jan Reid and Lou Dubose so that funny quote about DeLay being Prime Minister of the United States could possibly make sense. Lagavulin 23:26, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Edited it out again. Again it was not necessary and I have no idea who Jan Reid and Lou Dubose are?--Seanor 10:53, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Totally Disputed and why
There's probably no one more loathed by Dems at the moment than this guy with the bad haircut formerly a pest controller. But give me a break, the article should not be a catalog of his alleged wrongdoing. Can a non-Republican, non-Democrat fanatic please consider re-drafting this. It's not the worst article I've seen, but as I review many of the political articles I see a pattern where partisans from both sides hijack articles of interest to them. Wikipedia is such a fine resource, which I find myself using almost every day, it deserves better. Lagavulin 23:25, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, more than half the article deals with his congressional career. It lists a number of his achievements, including strong enforcement of party discipline and support for Israel. But he does come with a large baggage. So it is fair to mention that also. I believe the various ethics violations and controversies discussed here are factually correct and have been properly sourced. If you could point to specific places of factual errors we could correct them. --DuKot 01:07, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It seems rather obvious that tagging this as NPOV and as Total Disputed is a way to whitewash the truths about DeLay and I object to the misuse of NPOV tag to "help" DeLay. Calicocat 16:49, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It seems to me that this article is very close to being POV. What possible informational purpose could the cuban cigar section have? "In September 2005, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington named DeLay one of the thirteen most corrupt members of Congress." Sounds like a POV statement to me. I may vote for the dems, but even I have to be impartial sometimes. 64.12.117.5 21:49, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

The External Links
The vast majority of the external links portray Tom Delay negatively which merely gives credence to the argument that the overall tone of the article is decidedly partisan. While there are many questions and issues still surrounding Tom Delay and certain dealings he has had linking to obviously partisan pages, masquerading as news sites, should, I think, be removed. However am I off track here, am I seeing partisan stuff where none exists, or do some others think that many of those pages in the external links should be cut? --Seanor 12:57, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * External links have been cut. Any partisan sites or partisan links should not be accepted.--Seanor 13:04, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I totally disagree and so added back the so called "partisan sites" you removed in violation of many wikipedia policies regarding external links. Such removals are tantamount to near vandalism and have been restored. Please refrain from injecting your POV into this with such attempts at censorship. Calicocat 17:03, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Calicocat you even linked to this, jeez!

 * ===What should be linked to===

 * 1) Official sites should be added to the page of any organization, person, or other entity that has an official site.
 * 2) Sites that have been cited or used as references in the creation of a text. Intellectual honesty requires that any site actually used as a reference be cited. To fail to do so is plagiarism.
 * 3) If a book or other text that is the subject of an article exists somewhere on the Internet it should be linked to.
 * 4) On articles with multiple Points of View, a link to sites dedicated to each, with a detailed explanation of each link. The number of links dedicated to one POV should not overwhelm the number dedicated to any other.  One should attempt to add comments to these links informing the reader of what their POV is.
 * 5) High content pages that contain neutral and accurate material not already in the article. Ideally this content should be integrated into the Wikipedia article at which point the link would remain as a reference.

 * Please read the rules Calicocat before you accuse others of vandalism. Almost two thirds of those links either reflect negatively on Delay, or contain biased partisan material. This is an encyclopaedia not a place to air whatever partisan views people have. I have been working on fixing the Tom Delay article. My original post still stands. For those interested in keeping this place an encyclopaedia please respond with any comments or suggestions; otherwise if you don’t like Tom DeLay go join a political forum, or start a political blog.

 * With the external links there are far too many, it’s utterly ridiculous to have so many external links. Even the article on George W. Bush has one external link and the rest are transcripts. I suggest that we do the same here.

eg.

 * The issue is that you just cut them out, that itself it obvious "partisanship." Let the links stand and let readers' be informed as widely as possible. I've looked at the links you say are "partisan" and don't agree, pointing out Delay's ehtical issues is not "partisan," it's in fact "non-partisan." I like having a rich selection of External Links in any article and having this selection of links it not "utterly rediculous." If you don't "like" the links becuase they are "partisan" (meaning, it seems, against your point of view), don't read them, but don't act as a censor and cut them out, see what Wikipedia is not. Calicocat 01:38, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Please read this because you obviously haven’t.

What should be linked to

 * 1) Official sites should be added to the page of any organization, person, or other entity that has an official site.
 * 2) Sites that have been cited or used as references in the creation of a text. Intellectual honesty requires that any site actually used as a reference be cited. To fail to do so is plagiarism.
 * 3) If a book or other text that is the subject of an article exists somewhere on the Internet it should be linked to.
 * 4) On articles with multiple Points of View, a link to sites dedicated to each, with a detailed explanation of each link. The number of links dedicated to one POV should not overwhelm the number dedicated to any other.  One should attempt to add comments to these links informing the reader of what their POV is.
 * 5) High content pages that contain neutral and accurate material not already in the article. Ideally this content should be integrated into the Wikipedia article at which point the link would remain as a reference.

 * Also I waited 2 days before making any changes.--Seanor 10:51, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * And leave everything else out.--Seanor 12:25, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

You must be kidding me. 2 pro-DeLay links, a link to testimony, and quotes? No mention of ethics issues? Come back with a serious proposal. Meelar (talk) 01:40, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * Are his ethic issues not mentioned in the article? Did you not read that section? People are going to have to come to a compromise on this. The vast majority of the links are anti-delay (again read the rules concerning links). If there are two pro-links then provide two articles, from reputable news sources, which are critical of him and at least that would be a start.--Seanor 10:55, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I will be changing the external links section to this:

Official

 * DeLay's page at the House of Representatives website
 * Campaign web site

House of Representatives Ethics Committee Reports

 * Investigation of Certain Allegations Related to Voting on the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003, Report of the Committee of Standards of Official Conduct, September 30, 2004. 72-page pdf file.
 * Statement of the Committee regarding disposition of the complaint filed against Representative Tom DeLay, October 6, 2004. Cover for documents.
 * Letter of Admonishment: October 6, 2004.

 * I have yet to find an external links section for any US political figure that has anything even remotely similar to Tom Delays article. If there is too many articles siding one way or another either liberals or conservatives are going to be giving out. The solution that I have found is these articles are simply not used. It saves allot of hassle. If people have a problem with this then I think mediation is advised and a neutral party can assess if the links section is badly done or not. Whatever major changes I have made I have waited over 24 hours to change them, as I realise that in the US this guy is a controversial figure and people have strong opinions about him.--Seanor 14:33, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * if this is refering to "pov"s of articles and their difference in quantity per pov, the way to not bias the sample of articles is to reference them in the article in the same proportions that they exist empirically. Kevin Baastalk

Edited External Links. The division between pro and con media reports was not equal, entire section dedicated to actions groups that don’t like DeLay of which other controversial political figures do not have, and a Democrat Press release was put under Government Links. US political figures should at least have similar pages. Having entire sections dedicated to pointing out sites which obviously are not going to be sending DeLay any Christmas cards simply causes problems. Also posting 20 sites which love him to bits is going to cause problems. If there are facts in these external links which are not in the article then put them in. Has to remain neutral, people know this.--Seanor 11:14, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Rather than remove them, add to them, organize them into pro/con, but don't whine becuase DeLay is getting bad press and it's showing up. There are plenty of crtical links about others in other articles. Also, removal of the Citizen groups is inappropriate and unacceptable as is removal of government reports on DeLay. You're obviously involved with an attempted whitewash of DeLay and trying to use wikipedia policy as justification. Maybe you should take a break from editing this page. (Also, you need to create a talk page for yourself) Calicocat 13:38, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * If DeLay is getting bad press, then what you should do is put those facts in the article (or copy and paste them from yahoo!). Again if people put in 20 external links to pro delay sites there are problems. 20 external links to anti delay sites there are problems, because it is not NEUTRAL. You can’t take sides. Either reference the facts about the man or this is simply going to end up as a stupid cycle. I am merely trying to keep the parts of the article neutral, which is something you should be trying to do as well....

 * Kevin Bass gave the best advice here, if this is refering to "pov"s of articles and their difference in quantity per pov, the way to not bias the sample of articles is to reference them in the article in the same proportions that they exist empirically.--Seanor 15:05, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you, Seanor. :). Let me clarify a little: by this comment I was not taking a side on whether links (a form of reference) to the articles should be in the article in the manner of Calicocat, facts cited from these articles, or both.  In any case, if one looks up WP:NPOV, they'll see that none of these is against policy.  This is a matter where there wil be a higher ratio of opinion to fact than usual, and it is npov to present those opinions as opinions, attributed, sourced, and it is also factual, as those opinions do, in fact, exist as such.  This is explained more thoroughly on the WP:NPOV page.  Also, there, (or on NPOV tutorial?) you will find that one is discouraged from subtracting, and encouraged to add to achieve "balance" (balance, to me, is proportional representation, as corroborated by Informative & Important, and by Seanor.).  Again, insofar as the topic in question is ethic violations allegations, it is largely a topic regarding pov (allegations, corroborations, evasions, denials), and information that is relevant to this is, in proportion to the size of the role that that information has in the subject area, appropriate.  Kevin Baastalk 16:13, 2005 Apr 22 (UTC)

 * Absolutely, thanks for a great response. In so far as the predominant focus of the article are his ethics violations and allegations against him that must take centre stage and does. By the mere fact that the man has generated so much controversy has resulted in numerous sections concerning that. It must be mentioned. Although I must say that DeLay isn’t the noblest of political figures, that's not the issue, because the article shouldn't be a soapbox for those of us who hold that opinion. The central point being accusations made must be proportion to the size of the role that that information has in the subject area essentially denounce someone giving the ratio of allegations there is against someone. Not only are there the obviously logical flaws with assigning a proportional level to opinions and allegations there is also the issue of having a group of people define what that proportional level is. Are we to allow opinion, not necessarily based on any specific allegation, but say on a more general level, ideological level. How many anti-bush sites would be posted on his external links section? Thousands, hundreds of thousands? Or for Hillary, Clinton and so on with the reverse holding true. Considering that this be based on a proportional level. The policy should not be of seizing every opportunity to denounce someone; the policy should be to provide fair information to the reader, not for any political end. And by using every single opportunity to hammer (hehe) Delay, in every section of the article right down to the external links, not only does it look politicised and biased, it sadly _is_ politicised and biased.--Seanor 17:08, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * One can look at the George W. Bush article to see the degree of links to critical websites. I do not see anly logical flaws in asigning a proportional level to opinions and allegations, it is, to the contrary, a way to avoid bias, specificlly selection bias, confirmation bias, and from an information theory perspective, statistical bias. From a postmodern perspective, the point of information, such as this encyclopedia, is to be a simulation of something else.  That is, to be an information channel that sends information from that other thing, as reliably and and thouroghly as possible.  It can be shown that to do this, one minimizes Kullback-Leibler divergence, that is, represents information in the source with a proportional quantity of information in the copy (simulation) - a proportion that is the same for all pieces of information.

 * Regarding "the flaw having a group of people define what that is" - this is argued by way of a logical fallacy. The problem is that it is impossible to objectively define.  But to say that is a problem in the sense that you employ, is to assume that it is possible to be perfectively objective.  This is not true, so that logic is not sound.  The goal is to be objective as possible, and one way to do this is through consensus, that is "having a group of people define what that proportional level is." In any case there will be a proportional level, whether consciously decided or incidental.  In any case, something ultimately determines that level.  What would one have determine that level?  If not people, then what - plant?  What you state as a "problem" cannot be meaningfully avioded.  The best way to deal with such things is by addressing them wittingly.  Kevin Baastalk

 * regarding ideological level - as i interpret to be an implication that some referenced articles are ideological in nature or at least influenced by ideology. to the extent that a) to a certain extent this is unaviodable, b) a proportional representation of these ideological influences essentially cancels them out, and c) the subject matter is, to a significant degree, of an ideological nature (the difference between "right" and "wrong"), it is not altogether inappropriate to include this information. Kevin Baastalk 17:49, 2005 Apr 22 (UTC)

 * I agree that the policy should be informing the reader, irrespective of any political end or criteria. That is why I say that the political nature of the information should not even be considered - to consider would be to asseses with respect to a criteria, and this is a form of selection bias of a political nature.  Rather, the criteria should be how informative it is to the reader.  That is, we should minimize kullback-leibler divergence. Kevin Baastalk 17:54, 2005 Apr 22 (UTC)

 * Oh, and a quote, regarding the appropriateness of criticism as such:

"Patriotism means to stand by the country. It does not mean to stand by the president or any other public official, save exactly to the degree in which he himself stands by the country. It is patriotic to support him insofar as he efficiently serves the country. It is unpatriotic not to oppose him to the exact extent that by inefficiency or otherwise he fails in his duty to stand by the country. In either event, it is unpatriotic not to tell the truth, whether about the president or anyone else." - Theodore Roosevelt
 * Kevin Baastalk 17:59, 2005 Apr 22 (UTC)

 * Apologies you have misunderstood, and probably rightly due to any erroneous explanations on my part, so any implication that appeared to be made that critical links be avoided in articles, was not my intention. You have gone a bit overboard in quoting Theodore Roosevelt. This merely and remains merely a topic concerning the external links section, and if you look at that section on George W. Bush it resembles nothing like the section on Tom Delay. But again this is not suggestive on any relevant information, the question is not any socio-relational level in defining the proportionality of criticism in a group environment, it is more to do with, and in the end what this is about, what should be put in the external links? What I believe is the next logical step is merely to look in depth and rules concerning External Links. Again these are guidelines not strict rules, but in stating the issue at hand it is useful none the less.

 * The most obvious point being Wikipedia is not a web directory, but aside from that, it is preference, not a rule that links be internal, but for obvious reasons this cannot always be done. And again external links a regarded as a small section, but this is obviously not a hard and fast rule and probably shouldn’t be, again for obvious reasons. In looking at what should be linked to section, in reference to this article’s External Links section my reasoning should become clear. External Link Guidelines

 * Firstly the official sites are linked to and secondly all of sites used as a reference in the articles are included in the article, again commonly done. Thirdly there is a single book linked. Now we come to some difficulties. There are multiple points of view concerning Tom Delay and his ethic accusations. And there are multiple references in the article citing external stories and quotes where information was taken from and rightly so. Now consider the overwhelming number of articles in the external links section which again repeat what has been said. You have stated that subject matter be proportional to empirical evidence but how many times should we or anyone denounce him over allegations before it becomes unfair? 2, 3, 4... 100 times? Yet the overwhelming tone of the links in the media articles and again in an entire section dedicated to citizen action groups against Delay most defiantly go beyond the scope or reasonable proportion, and into politicisation. Lastly these articles should be of “high content” of which some are not, one is even posted on a bulletin board of some kind. Again the issue of proportionality and how it is misused? High content pages that contain neutral and accurate material not already in the article. Items in the article that mention Delays allegations are simply repeated again in the external links section, and most of these pages are defiantly not neutral (e.g. dropthehammer.org. This again goes against the spirit and implication of these guidelines.

 * Also taking into account comments in When should I link externally, one of which provides a useful insight,

 * There's nothing wrong with a POVed link, as long as the link description makes a clear statement which POV is represented (which is not immediately obvious).....JFW T@lk

 * Again there are many opinions and concerning Tom Delay and many of them are negative. I am not at all trying to state otherwise, of course there are going to be negiavte articles about him that will be used. But do this test. Read the article yourself, as you have probably done. Then after you have read the allegations and controversies in the article you are confronted with them again and again in the far too numerous external links. But on a more fundamental level there is an absolute repetition of allegations and even a total emphasis on sites which are Critical of Delay. Does this not go against the spirit of the rules, does this not even go against proportionally condemning someone? Token positive articles are thrown in of course, but this is not a battle of how many positive and negative links can be posted, but what this is about is being fair. The vast majority of the Tom Delay article is already dedicated to allegations against him, why focus again, why bring continued negativity against him, and centrally why repeat what has been written about in the article? Why should the external links section be overwhelmed with anti delay links? You mention high ideals like patriotism, all I am writing about is simply being fair nothing more.--Seanor 19:12, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Alright, the logic of your response is granted. Now I've looked at the link sections independantly.  And i'll addresss in principle, independantly:
 * U.S. Government Links on DeLay Ethics Issues - atypical, but given that it is an issue of accountability, and that it is a large issue, as we have agreed, appropriate in this particular case. significant things which fall under this category should then, ofcourse, be listed.
 * Press/Media Reports on DeLay (Pro and Con) -It is said that the press is the fourth branch of the government. And with good reason, according to Lockean principles of government, which the U.S. governemnt (the government in question) is founded on: a goverment is established by the people in order to provide for their general welfare, and remains the property of the people that it governs.  insofar as the press/media represents the people, this section is appropriate. In fact, we should probably have such a section for all people holding public office in america.
 * Citizen Groups Critical of DeLay - by the same logic of the above, the voice of citizen groups are appropriate, though the restriction to "critical of" is not by that logic justified. "statements/positions of citizen groups regarding delay" might be more fitting, but is much less eloquent. Again, we should probably have such a section on articles about other political figures, insofar as we recognize the u.s. government to be founded on the lockean principle mentioned.  Kevin Baastalk 21:11, 2005 Apr 22 (UTC)

 * Posted this at 14:55, 24 Apr 2005, very similar to what is posted concerning Tom Delay

 * Citizen Groups Critical of Bush

 * Bush Jr.'s Skeleton Closet.
 * The Dubya Chronicles.
 * The Dubya Report.
 * Dubya Speak.
 * Dubya's World.
 * GWBush.com.
 * Too Stupid to Be President.com.

 * Edited out at 19:57, 24 Apr 2005.... LOL, oh the hilarity.... This again is simply about fairness, and something tells me you are not going to be defending my fundamental human rights in posting up sites like these in connection with Bush or probably any political figure, but you will quote Roosevelt to keep them up for Delay???????... Everyone one has their own point of view but when we start providing sections in these articles which only show one side, which only gives critical information the totality of the information provided becomes useless. This is not going to turn in a race to provide as many positive or negative links, and wikipedia in the end is not a web directory.

 * Someone said Let's make the political articles about politics. And apologies for having to revert to vandalism to make this point, but in the end I am not preaching about the principals of government, I am just trying to make the political article remain about politics, and nothing more. Hoping that further articles post links to sites like these is moronic. It may happen on certain articles where people have very strong partisan views such as with Tom Delay here, but this is meant to be an _encyclopaedia_ although it seems more like the National Enquirer at times.--Seanor 10:49, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Those articles seem to be about bashing bush, not about policies. I made the statemetn, and perhaps i should ahve been more clear.  politics is supposed to be about policies.  and the context that i made that statement in is that pov's should not be separated.  for instance, one should not have a section for "support" and one for "criticism".  Regarding the point you were trying to make.  i don't see how posting a pov jaugernaut on an article to see it get reverted makes any point, except that one shouldn't turn articles into pov jaugernauts, which is pretty obvious. Kevin Baastalk 16:36, 2005 Apr 25 (UTC)

 * one shouldn't turn articles into pov jaugernauts, praise be the lord!--Seanor 17:39, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I'm going to clarify something i said earlier, before it gets brought up. re: citizen groups, i was thinking of something like vote-smart.org. and in any case this would be an issue that would require much discussion before a consensus could be reached. Kevin Baastalk 17:59, 2005 Apr 25 (UTC)

Expelled?
These is a problem with this line, DeLay received a biology degree from the University of Houston in 1970, though he had previously been expelled from Baylor University for drinking. He was not expelled, he was only asked not to re-register due to his behaviour (i.e. his drinking). If someone can find the expulsion records then it will be left in otherwise it will be edited out, to something like, ''DeLay attended Baylor from 1965 to 1967. However he was asked not to reregister not to register at the University due to unacceptable behaviour. In 1970 Delay received a biology degree from the University of Houston.'' Or something else...

 * Here are some sources that show he was expelled. It is clear that he was kicked out, and not just asked not to re-register.
 * Boston Globe
 * Baptist Standard
 * Washington Post 66.36.129.236 21:51, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, but from the Baptist Standard it says, "He was asked not to reregister" at Baylor, Grella acknowledged. "When the congressman was younger, his extra-curricular activities got him in trouble. He had a vigorous social life and accepts the consequences of his actions." However other articles simply use the term expelled. He was most definitely kicked out that is for use, but this may be an English language issue because to me expelled has a very formal meaning; that there are expulsion records somewhere that there is a definite process a school must take to expel a student, which is not the same as saying, “don’t come back here again”.?????--Seanor 11:51, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The Baptist Standard also uses the word "expelled" in the same article. Note that Grella is DeLay's spokesman. She also said that he was thrown out for having "a vigorous social life." DeLay does not dispute the word "expelled" being used in all these major publications, I don't see why we should have to spin this transgression in his favor. 66.36.147.168 14:07, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Somehow, in all this quibbling over exactly how to word this information, it's been totally censored out of the article -- not "expelled", not "asked not to reregister", not "academically terminated with extreme prejudice", nothing. If there are multiple ways that the event's been described, maybe we can just report all of them:
 * He enrolled at Baylor University, but, as a result of his drinking, he was expelled (or, as the university officially described it, "asked not to reregister").
 * I think that conveys the common understanding of what happened, while also giving the precise terms used by the school for those who consider it to be something technically different from expulsion. JamesMLane 06:41, 6 May 2005 (UTC)
 * But it's DeLay's spokesman and not the university that is using the "reregister" line. 66.36.133.133 01:01, 7 May 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, I misunderstood. I thought the university was tiptoeing around the facts so as not to offend DeLay.  Meanwhile, NatusRoma has restored the information. JamesMLane 03:15, 7 May 2005 (UTC)

DeLay and Jack Abramoff
Here is the section that I have removed twice from wikipedia.

DeLay's political action committee did not reimburse lobbyist Jack Abramoff for the May 2000 use of the skybox, instead treating it as a type of donation that didn't have to be disclosed to election regulators at the time.

The Associated Press, reported on Wed, April 07, 2005 "The skybox donation, valued at thousands of dollars, came just three weeks before DeLay accepted a trip to Europe including golf with Abramoff at the world famous St. Andrews course for himself, his wife and aides that was underwritten by some of the lobbyist's clients."

Two months after the concert and trip, DeLay voted against gambling legislation opposed by some of Abramoff's Indian tribe clients.

Here is article on yahoo news.

DeLay's political action committee did not reimburse lobbyist Jack Abramoff for the May 2000 use of the skybox, instead treating it as a type of donation that didn't have to be disclosed to election regulators at the time.

The skybox donation, valued at thousands of dollars, came three weeks before DeLay also accepted a trip to Europe — including golf with Abramoff at the world-famous St. Andrews course — for himself, his wife and aides that was underwritten by some of the lobbyist's clients.

Two months after the concert and trip, DeLay voted against gambling legislation opposed by some of Abramoff's Indian tribe clients.

It’s word for word. If its public domain or GNU licensed there is no problem otherwise it cannot be used without permission. And without any notice that there was permission it will not stay up. Not even sure it is ok to have this on the discussion page.??!?!?--Seanor 16:05, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * At least rewrite the first and last sentence in your own words.--Seanor 16:43, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hateful Morons Comment
Removed:

DeLay is widely considered to be among the more partisan members of Congress. For example, in discussing the candidates for the 2004 Democratic presidential nomination, DeLay referred to their "hateful, moronic comments" and added that they had "nothing to offer the public debate but rage, resentment and quackery."

This was portrayed as being said against all democrats, in fact he was responding to Rep. Jim McDermott comments that Presdient Bush had timed Saddam’s capture for his own political ends, "It's funny, when they're having all this trouble, suddenly they have to roll out something" McDermott said. --Seanor 16:28, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I think a correction would have been more appropriate than a removal. DeLay is certainly well known for his partisianship and vitriol. Kevin Baastalk

Even "George W. Bush" article is more neutral than this
I thought that George W. Bush was a controversial political figure, but even his Wikipedia article is more neutral than Tom DeLay's. If anyone wants to rewrite this article, maybe it could be based on the George W. Bush article or the Newt Gingrich article.

 * The difference in the articles reflects the differences in interesting and important information regarding the people. The criteria for inclusion of information, as elucidated by the npov tutorial space and balance section, is interesting and important. Kevin Baastalk: new 07:48, 2005 Apr 29 (UTC)

Just compare the attacks on this page to the fawning on Nancy Pelosi's page, where there's no mention of her membership in the Communist Party of the USA (CPUSA).

 * If there's some reputable source for that claim, feel free to insert it in the Nancy Pelosi page, along with counterarguments, rebuttals, etc. (This is the first I heard of this particular charge against Pelosi, and I wouldn't be surprised if it turns out to be pure fiction from some right-wing blogger.)  If you think there are counterarguments, rebuttals, etc. about DeLay's various escapades that should be added here -- like, the House Ethics Committee really gave him a clean bill of health, and all these nasty stories to the contrary are just proof of liberal media bias -- then by all means add the facts, with citations, that support your POV. JamesMLane 07:26, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Tom DeLay/Archive 1


text:
1988 CFL season

The 1988 CFL season is considered to be the 35th season in modern-day Canadian football, although it is officially the 31st Canadian Football League season.

CFL News in 1988
The Canadian Football Network reached an agreement with the CFL to extend its network for two more seasons.

Game rosters were revised to consist of 20-Non Imports, 14-Imports and 2-Quarterbacks. The reserve list was lowered from 4 players to 2 players. In addition, if a team decided to dress 14-Imports, one of those imports had to be designated as a special teams player.

On Monday, December 12, the CFL Board of Governors appointed Roy McMurty as Chairman/Chief Executive Officer and Bill Baker as President/Chief Operating Officer, succeeding Douglas Mitchell as the league's commissioner (both McMurtry and Baker served as the league's de facto co-commissioners for the 1989 season). Their appointments were confirmed on Sunday, January 1, 1989. The CFL Board of Governors also approved the sale of the Toronto Argonauts from Carling O'Keefe Breweries to Harry Ornest.

Final regular season standings

 * Bold text means that they have clinched the playoffs.
 * Edmonton and Toronto have first round byes.

Grey Cup playoffs
The Winnipeg Blue Bombers were the 1988 Grey Cup champions, defeating the BC Lions 22–21, at Ottawa's Lansdowne Park. This was the first Grey Cup game between two teams from west of Ontario, and the first to be won by a team which had only a .500 season. The Blue Bombers' James Murphy (WR) was named the Grey Cup's Most Valuable Player on Offence and Michael Gray (DT) was named Grey Cup's Most Valuable Player on Defence, while Bob Cameron (P) was named the Grey Cup's Most Valuable Canadian.

CFL Leaders

 * CFL Passing Leaders
 * CFL Rushing Leaders
 * CFL Receiving Leaders

Offence

 * QB – Matt Dunigan, BC Lions
 * RB – Anthony Cherry, BC Lions
 * RB – Gill Fenerty, Toronto Argonauts
 * SB – Ray Elgaard, Saskatchewan Roughriders
 * SB – Emanuel Tolbert, Calgary Stampeders
 * WR – David Williams, BC Lions
 * WR – James Murphy, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
 * C – Ian Beckstead, Toronto Argonauts
 * OG – Roger Aldag, Saskatchewan Roughriders
 * OG – Gerald Roper, BC Lions
 * OT – Chris Schultz, Toronto Argonauts
 * OT – Jim Mills, BC Lions

Defence

 * DT – Mike Walker, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
 * DT – Brett Williams, Edmonton Eskimos
 * DE – Grover Covington, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
 * DE – Bobby Jurasin, Saskatchewan Roughriders
 * LB – Danny Bass, Edmonton Eskimos
 * LB – Greg Stumon, BC Lions
 * LB – Willie Pless, Toronto Argonauts
 * CB – Stanley Blair, Edmonton Eskimos
 * CB – Reggie Pleasant, Toronto Argonauts
 * DB – Selwyn Drain, Toronto Argonauts
 * DB – Howard Fields, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
 * DS – Bennie Thompson, Winnipeg Blue Bombers

Special teams

 * P – Bob Cameron, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
 * K – Dave Ridgway, Saskatchewan Roughriders
 * ST – Earl Winfield, Hamilton Tiger-Cats

Offence

 * QB – Gilbert Renfroe, Toronto Argonauts
 * RB – Orville Lee, Ottawa Rough Riders
 * RB – Gill Fenerty, Toronto Argonauts
 * SB – Gerald Alphin, Ottawa Rough Riders
 * SB – Darrell Smith, Toronto Argonauts
 * WR – Earl Winfield, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
 * WR – James Murphy, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
 * C – Ian Beckstead, Toronto Argonauts
 * OG – Nick Bastaja, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
 * OG – Jason Riley, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
 * OT – Chris Schultz, Toronto Argonauts
 * OT – Miles Gorrell, Hamilton Tiger-Cats

Defence

 * DT – Mike Walker, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
 * DT – Rodney Harding, Toronto Argonauts
 * DE – Grover Covington, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
 * DE – Glen Kulka, Toronto Argonauts
 * LB – James West, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
 * LB – Don Moen, Toronto Argonauts
 * LB – Willie Pless, Toronto Argonauts
 * CB – James Jefferson, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
 * CB – Reggie Pleasant, Toronto Argonauts
 * DB – Selwyn Drain, Toronto Argonauts
 * DB – Howard Fields, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
 * DS – Bennie Thompson, Winnipeg Blue Bombers

Special teams

 * P – Bob Cameron, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
 * K – Lance Chomyc, Toronto Argonauts
 * ST – Earl Winfield, Hamilton Tiger-Cats

Offence

 * QB – Matt Dunigan, BC Lions
 * RB – Anthony Cherry, BC Lions
 * RB – Anthony Parker, BC Lions
 * SB – Ray Elgaard, Saskatchewan Roughriders
 * SB – Emanuel Tolbert, Calgary Stampeders
 * WR – David Williams, BC Lions
 * WR – Larry Willis, Calgary Stampeders
 * C – Mike Anderson, Saskatchewan Roughriders
 * OG – Roger Aldag, Saskatchewan Roughriders
 * OG – Gerald Roper, BC Lions
 * OT – Hector Pothier, Edmonton Eskimos
 * OT – Jim Mills, BC Lions

Defence

 * DT – Gary Lewis, Saskatchewan Roughriders
 * DT – Brett Williams, Edmonton Eskimos
 * DE – Vince Goldsmith, Saskatchewan Roughriders
 * DE – Bobby Jurasin, Saskatchewan Roughriders
 * LB – Danny Bass, Edmonton Eskimos
 * LB – Greg Stumon, BC Lions
 * LB – Ken Ford, Calgary Stampeders
 * CB – Stanley Blair, Edmonton Eskimos
 * CB – Larry Crawford, BC Lions
 * DB – Richie Hall, Saskatchewan Roughriders
 * DB – Chris Major, Calgary Stampeders
 * DS – Don Wilson, Edmonton Eskimos

Special teams

 * P – Jerry Kauric, Edmonton Eskimos
 * K – Dave Ridgway, Saskatchewan Roughriders
 * ST – Henry Williams, Edmonton Eskimos

1988 CFL Awards

 * CFL's Most Outstanding Player Award – David Williams (WR), BC Lions
 * CFL's Most Outstanding Canadian Award – Ray Elgaard (SB), Saskatchewan Roughriders
 * CFL's Most Outstanding Defensive Player Award – Grover Covington (DE), Hamilton Tiger-Cats
 * CFL's Most Outstanding Offensive Lineman Award – Roger Aldag (OG), Saskatchewan Roughriders
 * CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie Award – Orville Lee (RB), Ottawa Rough Riders
 * CFLPA's Outstanding Community Service Award – Hector Pothier (OT), Edmonton Eskimos
 * CFL's Coach of the Year – Mike Riley, Winnipeg Blue Bombers

title: 1988 CFL season


text:
Compaq Portable II

The Compaq Portable II is the fourth product in the Compaq Portable series to be brought out by Compaq Computer Corporation. Released in 1986 at a price of US$3499, the Portable II much improved upon its predecessor, the Compaq 286, which had been Compaq's version of the PC AT in the original Compaq Portable chassis; Portable 286 came equipped with 6/8-MHz 286 and a high-speed 20-MB hard drive, while the Portable II included an 8 MHz processor, and was lighter and smaller than the previous Compaq Portables. There were four models of the Compaq Portable II. The basic Model 1 shipped one 5.25" floppy drive and 256 KB of RAM. The Model 2 added a second 5.25" floppy drive and sold for $3599. The Model 3 shipped with a 10MB hard disk in addition to one 5.25" floppy drive and 640 KB of RAM for $4799 at launch. The Model 4 would upgrade the Model 3 with a 20MB hard drive and sold for $4999. There also may have been a 4.1 MB hard drive included at one point. The Compaq Portable II was significantly lighter than its predecessors, the Model 1 weighed just 23.6 pounds compared to the 30.5 pounds the Compaq Portable 286 weighed. Compaq only shipped the system with a small demo disk, MS-DOS 3.1 had to be purchased separately.

There are at least two reported cases of improperly serviced computers exploding when the non-rechargeable lithium battery on the motherboard was connected to the power supply. There were no recorded injuries. The Compaq Portable II was succeeded by the Compaq Portable III in 1987.

Hardware
The Compaq Portable II had room for additional after market upgrades. Compaq manufactured four memory expansion boards, 512 KB and 2048 KB ISA memory cards and 512 KB and 1536 KB memory boards that attached to the back of the motherboard. With 640 KB installed on the motherboard and both the ISA card and the expansion board, the computer could be upgraded with up to a maximum of 4.2MB of RAM. The motherboard also had space for an optional 80287 math coprocessor. There were two revisions of the motherboard, they were functionally identical although the earlier version was larger. The motherboard had four ISA slots for expansion cards, two 8-bit and two 16-bit. However, the first 16-bit ISA slot was occupied by a Multi I/O board with serial, parallel, PATA and Floppy interfaces, and the second 8-bit ISA slot was used by the CGA graphics card, leaving two available slots. The keyboard is hardwired in, but it uses standard PS/2 signaling, so a DIN or PS/2 socket can be retrofitted to allow use of common PS/2 keyboards (but not USB ones).

title: Compaq Portable II


text:
European Union of Jewish Students

The European Union of Jewish Students (EUJS) is a Jewish, Zionist, pluralistic, inclusive and non-partisan umbrella organisation. EUJS supports Jewish student unions throughout Europe and represents its members to European institutions, the OSCE, the UNHRC, as well as to other major Jewish and non-Jewish organisations. Founded in 1978, EUJS currently has 36 member organisations, spanning from Russia to Scandinavia to the United Kingdom. EUJS is led by a President, an Executive Director, a Treasurer and seven Board Members who are elected by EUJS member organizations at the EUJS General Assembly every two years. The EUJS headquarters are located in Brussels, Belgium.

Current Leadership
President: Emma Hallali

Executive Director: Eitan Bergman

 * Treasurer: Caterina Cognini

Board Members:
 * Hanna Veiler (JSUD)
 * Joshua Bonfante (UGEI)
 * Judith Offenberg (UJS)
 * Máté Zsédely-Holler (Hungary)
 * Rafael Ruah Arie (JYP)
 * Ron Stern (CUZM)
 * Victoria Borochov (JOH)

History of EUJS
In February 1978 in Grenoble one hundred and fifty European Jewish Students developed and approved a constitution and created a plan of action meant to cover all aspects of modern European Jewish student life.

Moving to Brussels in 1978, EUJS first opened an office (near Porte de Namur) and in 1980 moved to its current premises at the Université Libre de Bruxelles.

International Memberships
EUJS is a constituent member of the European Youth Forum, the leading platform for more than 90 national youth councils and international NGOs, and is the only Jewish organization represented at that level. It is supported by the Council of Europe, the European Commission, and is a member of the World Union of Jewish Students (WUJS). EUJS is one of the largest international student organizations worldwide and the first Jewish Youth NGO to obtain the special Consultative Status to the ECOSOC of the United Nations. Its annual programming includes the largest annual event for Jewish youth in Europe Summer University, as well as international, inter-religious, inter-generational seminars, and study sessions at the European Youth Centre.

Full members status is held to the European Youth Forum (YFJ) which operates within the Council of Europe and European Union areas and works closely with both these bodies.

Relationship with Soviet Jews
The struggle for participation in the World Youth Festival in Moscow was the beginning of a series of activities of efforts for Soviet Jewry. On November 17, 1985, Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev met in Geneva, and around 75 Jewish students, amongst them students from the UK and the Netherlands, demonstrated in solidarity with the Soviet Jewry. Subsequently, in April 1986, the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) took place in Bern, Switzerland. EUJS used this occasion to organize—in cooperation with the Swiss Union of Jewish Students (SUJS)—a special Seder in honor of the Jews of the Soviet Union in the Bern Synagogue. Student representatives from Sweden, Belgium and Switzerland were joined by several national delegates to the CSCE meeting. In addition to the activities staged in Bern, the EUJS encouraged its national member unions to lobby their respective foreign ministries throughout the CSCE meeting so as to raise the case of Soviet Jewry.

2001 World Conference Against Racism
A delegation of EUJS students, led by then President Joelle Fiss, joined the World Union of Jewish Students (WUJS) and the South African Union of Jewish Students (SAUJS) at the World Conference Against Racism in Durban from August 26 until September 7 2001. The EUJS delegates were present at the Youth Summit, the NGO Forum and the Governmental Conference. The event—in addition to spurring EUJS delegates to action on site—led to EUJS signing a common declaration with the Roma student delegation, setting forth the possibility of a partnership to promote Holocaust education, and subsequently resulting in an EUJS-led seminar in Budapest in November 2003. During the Youth Summit at Durban, EUJS, together with WUJS and SAUJS, put forward a proposal calling for an end of the violence on both sides of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The proposal condemned the use of violence and called for students to take an active role in advocating peace in the region. A group led by a delegation of Palestinians students voted down this proposal. During the governmental conference, EUJS met with political leaders such as Louis Michel, the Belgian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Walter Schwimmer, the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.

The Austrian Far Right
In February 2000, the ultra-right Freedom Party FPÖ (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs), entered into a coalition government in Austria. Led by Jörg Haider, the party praised Hitler's employment policy. Haider was well known for his numerous anti-Semitic and xenophobic statements. EUJS organized a large demonstration in parallel to a leadership seminar that it was conducting at the Council of Europe in Strasbourg. Students walked in front of the European Parliament and the Council of Europe to the Austrian embassy where they lit candles and threw toothbrushes in the mailbox in order to remind Austrians how Jews had to clean the sidewalk with toothbrushes during the Anschluss.

Against the Intifada
During one of the most violent periods of the second Intifada, many Jewish organizations and communities came together and organized demonstrations against anti-Semitism. One of the most visible demonstrations was held in Brussels in April 2002. EUJS sent a delegation of students to these demonstrations.

title: European Union of Jewish Students


text:
KKLA-FM

KKLA-FM (99.5 MHz, "99.5 KKLA") is a commercial radio station licensed to Los Angeles, California and serving the Greater Los Angeles area. The station is owned by the Salem Media Group and broadcasts a Christian talk and teaching format. The KKLA-FM studios are located in Glendale and the transmitter is located atop Mount Wilson.

History
The 99.5 FM frequency in Los Angeles has been home to two stations operating under separate licenses, both broadcasting a Christian radio format.

KHOF (1956–1985)
Originally owned by Pastor Ray Schoch's Faith Center Church in Glendale, California, the station signed on November 13, 1956, with the call letters KHOF. During the 1960s and 1970s, programming consisted of various syndicated ministries and programming produced by Faith Center. In 1975, Gene Scott took over Faith Center and moved properties including KHOF to strictly in-house programming. Some stations were sold. By 1980, Scott's sermons aired around-the-clock. The Federal Communications Commission canceled KHOF's license in September 1982, citing improper conduct on the part of Faith Center, including misappropriation of fundraising proceeds.

KKLA-FM (1985–present)
KKLA-FM operates on a license separate from that of the former KHOF, first issued in October 1985 to Salem Communications subsidiary New Inspiration Broadcasting with the call sign KKLA. At that time, the station launched with a contemporary Christian music (CCM) format part of the day and Christian talk and teaching the rest of the day. By 1987, the majority of KKLA's programming consisted of the latter. The station eliminated Christian music by 1990; this void was filled by KFSG (96.3 FM) which began airing a CCM format for most of its broadcast day.

In 1995, the station's call letters changed to KKLA-FM. This was done to accommodate sister station KLFE (1240 AM) in San Bernardino, which changed its callsign to KKLA and simulcast KKLA-FM until 1999.

During part of the day Monday through Saturday, KKLA-FM broadcasts local Christian call-in talk shows that discuss a mix of religious and conservative political issues. At all other times and all day Sunday, the station airs ministries and teaching programs from speakers such as J. Vernon McGee, John F. MacArthur, and Hank Hanegraaff.

KKLA-FM claims to be the most-listened-to Christian talk radio station in the United States.

Awards
KKLA-FM was honored by the National Association of Broadcasters as its Religious/Gospel station of the year in 1995.

title: KKLA-FM


text:
Frank Høj

Frank Høj (born 4 January 1973) is a retired Danish professional road bicycle racer. Høj started as a stagiaire for the Zetelhallen–Vosschemie team in 1994, and became professional in 1995 for. His first win as a professional came the year after. In a live interview with Danish media station TV2 during the coverage of Tour de France 2015, Høj admitted to have used EPO in the early periods of his career, namely 1995-1998. He also competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics and the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Major results

 * 1993
 * 1st Stage 1 Milk Race

 * 1994
 * 1st Zellik–Galmaarden
 * 1st Omloop van de Westhoek
 * 1st Stage 3 Circuit Franco-Belge
 * 5th Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen

 * 1995
 * 1st Stage 5 Tour de l'Avenir
 * 1st Stage 3 Tour de Slovénie
 * 2nd Driedaagse van West-Vlaanderen
 * 5th Overall Danmark Rundt
 * 5th GP Stad Zottegem

 * 1996
 * 1st Metas Volantes Competition, Vuelta a Andalucía
 * 3rd Overall Circuit Franco-Belge
 * 6th Le Samyn
 * 10th Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen

 * 1997
 * 1st Omloop van de Westkust
 * 1st Grote Prijs Stad Zottegem
 * 2nd GP Aarhus
 * 3rd Grand Prix Herning
 * 5th Grand Prix d'Isbergues
 * 6th Druivenkoers Overijse

 * 1998
 * 1st MaillotDinamarca.svg Road race, National Road Championships
 * 1st Overall Circuit Franco-Belge
 * 1st Veenendaal–Veenendaal
 * 2nd Grand Prix d'Isbergues
 * 3rd Brussels–Ingooigem
 * 4th Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen

 * 1999
 * 4th Overall Danmark Rundt

 * 2000
 * 1st Grand Prix Fayt-Le-Franc
 * 2nd Paris–Brussels
 * 6th Road race, Summer Olympics
 * 6th Ronde van Midden-Zeeland
 * 8th Overall Driedaagse van De Panne-Koksijde
 * 9th Grand Prix de Wallonie

 * 2001
 * 6th Overall Danmark Rundt
 * 1st Combativity competition
 * 8th Overall Sachsen-Tour
 * 10th Overall Ronde van Nederland
 * 10th Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne

 * 2002
 * 2nd Omloop Het Volk
 * 10th Overall Danmark Rundt

 * 2003
 * 1st GP S.A.T.S.
 * 2nd Overall Sachsen Tour
 * 5th GP de Fourmies
 * 6th Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
 * 7th Overall Danmark Rundt
 * 9th Scheldeprijs

 * 2004
 * 1st GP S.A.T.S.
 * 2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
 * 5th Overall Driedaagse van West-Vlaanderen
 * 5th Overall Tour of Qatar
 * 6th Overall Ronde van Nederland
 * 8th Road race, Summer Olympics
 * 8th Tour of Flanders
 * 10th Paris–Roubaix

 * 2005
 * 4th Overall Circuit Franco-Belge
 * 1st Stage 3

 * 2006
 * 4th Overall Sachsen-Tour
 * 7th Paris–Tours

 * 2008
 * 2nd Time trial, National Road Championships

 * 2009
 * 3rd Road race, National Road Championships

title: Frank Høj


text:
User:WalterJKin

Walter J. Kin

title: User:WalterJKin


text:
Ohio State Fair

The Ohio State Fair is one of the largest state fairs in the United States, held in Columbus, Ohio during late July through early August. As estimated in a 2011 economic impact study conducted by Saperstein & Associates; the State Fair contributes approximately 68.5 million dollars to the state's economy. In 2023, attendance was 1,006,228, the Fair's highest 12-day attendance on record.

From the first three-day Fair in 1850 in Cincinnati to the 12-day exposition of today (from 1981 to 2003, the Fair lasted 17 days), the Ohio State Fair has celebrated Ohio's products, its people, and their accomplishments. The Fair's vast programme offers concerts, sports competitions, exhibitions, a horse show, rides, and food stalls. The concert series lineup is usually announced in late February or early March. The fair has been held at the Ohio Expo Center and State Fairgrounds since 1886.

Patrollers include security guards, the Columbus Division of Police, Franklin County Sheriff's Office, and the Ohio State Highway Patrol.

History
In 1846, the Ohio Legislature created the 53-member Ohio State Board of Agriculture. One of the Board's first acts was to establish a District Fair. The resulting 1847 District Fair at Wilmington, Ohio and the 1848 District Fair at Xenia, Ohio were both successful, leading to the planning of a State Fair.

The first Ohio State Fair was planned for September 1849, but an outbreak of Asiatic cholera forced cancellation of those plans. The following year, autumn dates were chosen to lessen the risk of cholera. Even so, the superintendent of grounds, Darius Lapham, died of the disease just a few weeks before the opening date.

Camp Washington, Cincinnati (two miles north of downtown Cincinnati, Ohio) was the site for the first Ohio State Fair, October 2–4, 1850. The site was described as 8–10 acres with grassy slopes, shade trees, and numerous tents. The grounds were enclosed by a 10 ft-high board fence. Cattle were tethered to a railing along the carriage road.

The railroads offered strong support to the early State Fairs. Special rates were offered whereby exhibits were transported without charge, and the exhibitor rode for half fare. Several Central Ohioans contributed to the support of the first Fair, including Alfred Kelley, owner of the Columbus and Xenia Railroad.

Cash premiums at the first Fair did not exceed $20, with the exception of an award of $50 given to essayists on the topic "Improving the Soil." During the early State Fairs, winners received medals, not ribbons, as awards. In 1850, the silver medal was valued at $3.

The public was admitted only on the second and third day of the first Fair. Day one was devoted to setting up and judging. Admission was twenty cents, but exhibitors could buy a $1 badge for admission of their families. A visitor could also buy a $1 badge, which admitted one gentleman and two ladies. The two-day attendance was estimated at 25,000 to 30,000 people.

Transportation around Ohio was difficult. Therefore, the majority of exhibitors came from close proximity to the Fair. Officials reasoned that moving the Fair thought to increase interest and attendance.

From 1874 until 1885, the site of Columbus' Franklin Park served as home to the Ohio State Fair. Finally, in 1886, the Fair moved to its current location to what is currently called the Ohio Expo Center and State Fairgrounds. The main entrance to the site was at the southwest corner of the grounds along Woodard Avenue. It is now along 11th Avenue.

2017 ride accident
On July 26, 2017, the opening day of the 2017 Fair, a swinging ride known as Fire Ball broke apart mid-swing, flinging passengers out of the ride. One rider, 18-year-old Tyler Jarrell, was flung 50 feet and killed on impact. Seven other riders were seriously injured, two of whom were reported to be in critical condition. The ride had been inspected earlier in the day and cleared for operation. The Ohio Department of Agriculture and Ohio State Highway Patrol investigated the incident and the Fair announced that it would not operate any rides on July 27 until they are all re-inspected by state authorities. Then-governor John Kasich considered it to be the "worst tragedy" in the Fair's history.

In response to the incident, the ride's manufacturer, KMG, as well as Chance Morgan—which produces a similar ride, requested that other rides of the same type be shut down pending an investigation into the failure. Preliminary findings by KMG found that the failure was caused by "excessive corrosion on the interior of the gondola support beam" over the life of the 18 year-old unit.

Milestones
1853 – Entertainment crept into the Fair programming with the first pony rides for children and monkeys dressed in hats that danced to minstrel tunes.

1860 – Fair premiums rose to $200 (up from $20 in 1850).

1884 – In July, prior to the Fair's opening, a racing mare kicked over a lantern, resulting in 100 stalls being burned. Loss to buildings was set at $1,100. The dead mare was valued at $5,000.

1886 – The current Ohio State Fair site was dedicated on Tuesday, August 31 during the 37th Ohio State Fair. Governor Foraker accepted the grounds in front of a crowd of 6,000.

1890s – At least 16 railroad companies served Columbus and the Fair.

1894 – A college football tournament was held this year, with Denison University, Miami University, Wittenberg University, Buchtel and Ohio State University participating.

1896 – The Ohio State Fair became the first fair with an electric lighting system. This made it possible to offer night-time racing. Also this year, horseless vehicles made their first appearance at the Ohio State Fair.

1903 – The first Butter Cow and Calf were featured at the Fair this year. They were made by A.T. Shelton & Company, distributors of Sunbury Creamery Butter. Additional sculptures were added in the 1960s, the subjects of which change every year.

1916 – On the eve of World War I, the largest American flag, measuring 136 x, was displayed at the 11th Avenue entrance.

1919 – After World War I the fair resumes.

1922 – Just days before the scheduled opening of the Fair, fire raced across the grounds. Six buildings were destroyed including the central group, the Horticulture Building and the East and West Buildings. Loss was estimated at more than $800,000.

1924 – Earliest records of the Ohio State Fair Queen contest date back to this year.

1925 – The Diamond Jubilee Spectacle this year saluted the 75th anniversary of the Fair. More than 2,000 participants enacted the evolution of the Fair in three, 25-year periods on three stages and with fireworks.

1925 – The All-Ohio Boys Band was first mentioned in historical accounts this year. It is now called the All-Ohio State Fair Band and includes both boys and girls.

1928 – The renowned John Philip Sousa Band performed twice daily at the 1928 Fair.

1929 – The Junior Fair was formed this year. Today, Ohio is proud to host the nation's largest Junior Fair with more than 17,000 youth participating. In the same year, the Ohio State Fair Junior Fair Board was formed. The Junior Fair Board is made up of outstanding individuals from various youth organizations including 4-H, Future Farmers of America, Girl Scouts of the USA, Boy Scouts of America, Farm Bureau Youth, and others.

1941 – A sign of the times found 150 female Fair ticket takers were hired in place of men for the first time.

1942–45 – The Board of Agriculture canceled the Ohio State Fair and allowed the War Department to use the grounds and buildings for handling airplane parts and equipment. The Army Air Corps rented the facility for $1 per year. A similar fate befell fairs in Indiana, Illinois and Pennsylvania. When the Army vacated the fairgrounds, they left the grounds and buildings in a shambles.

1946 – The fair resumes after World War II.

1957 – The first female livestock judge appeared this year. Mrs. Maurice Neville judged the Yorkshire Swine Show.

1963 – The All-Ohio State Fair Youth Choir was established. It was directed by Glenville Thomas of Zanesville. 1966 – At the 11th Avenue gate, the new OHIO entrance was built at a cost of $40,000.

1968 – The first Sale of Champions livestock auction was held with sales amounting to $22,674. The Bee Gees, Bob Hope, James Brown, Johnny Carson, and Sly and the Family Stone performed.

1969 – The first portion of the sky ride was built this year. It was extended to 11th Avenue in 1984. Bob Hope and Johnny Cash performed.

1972 – Fire struck the Ohio Expo Center in October during the American Dairy Show. Three connected barns were burned, killing three head of cattle and destroying virtually all the exhibitors' belongings. These buildings have since been replaced by the Gilligan Complex (1972 and 1978) and the O'Neill Swine Arena (1973). Bob Hope, Kenny Rogers, Mac Davis, Roberta Flack, The Osmonds, and Ike & Tina Turner performed.

1976 – In celebration of the United States Bicentennial, a time capsule was buried in the gardens near the 11th Avenue gate. It holds treasures of the times from the Ohio State Fair, Ohio sports teams, coins and stamps, a T-shirt, Levi's jeans and tennis shoes. It will be opened in 2026. Bob Hope, Mac Davis, the Osmonds, Pat Boone, Tanya Tucker, Johnny Cash perform.

1981 – The fair was stretched to 17 days, running from Friday, August 14 – Sunday, August 30. Entertainment was held at the outdoor grandstand on the infield of the race track. Two shows were performed usually at 3:30 and 7:30 pm. Entertainment was free and seating was on a first come, first served basis. Wooden folding chairs were available for seating on the race track. There was also a VIP section in front of the stage on the racetrack. Tickets were required to get into this section.
 * 6 a.m. Opening day ceremony at the OHIO gate (11th Avenue)
 * August 14 "Ohio Fair Managers Day" – McGuffey Lane performed at 7:30 p.m only
 * August 15 Bob Hope, Paragon, David Rubinoff performed at 7:30 p.m. only
 * August 16 McGuffy Lane at 3:30 and Mac Davis at 7:30 pm
 * August 17 "Children's Home Day" – Johnny Cash
 * August 18 Mac Davis
 * August 19 Statler Brothers
 * August 20 "ABN Day" – Sha Na Na
 * August 21 "Ohio Agriculture Day and Crippled Children's Day" – Kool & the Gang
 * August 22 "Youth Conservation Corp Day" – Barbara Mandrell
 * August 23 "Ohio National Guard Day" – Louise Mandrell and RC Bannon
 * August 24 "Auctioneers Day" Sale of Champions at 3pm in Cooper Arena K.C. and the Sunshine Band
 * August 25 Boxcar Willie
 * August 26 Mickey Gilley, Johnny Lee and the Urban Cowboy Band
 * August 27 Eddie Rabbitt, Betty Carson & the Younger Brothers Band
 * August 28 Gladys Knight & the Pips
 * August 29 Crystal Gayle
 * August 30 Peaches & Herb

1983 – Michael Stanley Band, Sheena Easton, The O'Jays, Dionne Warwick, The Gatlin Brothers, Kool And The Gang, Melissa Manchester, Juice Newton, Danny Thomas, The Beach Boys, Reba McEntire, Mel Tillis, Air Supply, America, The Dazz Band, Midnight Star,  Anne Murray, and Kenny Loggins performed. Wheel of Fortune taped several episodes at the fairgrounds during the running of the fair.

1989 – New Kids on the Block performed. Their performance was marred by several people being injured in a crush.

1990 – The condemned Ohio State Fair Grandstand was demolished. The Celeste Center replaced it as the site for the Fair's big-name entertainment, as well as a venue for many Expo events each year.

1997 – Wheel of Fortune premiered their 15th season with two weeks of taped shows.

2000 – The Ohio State Fair celebrated its 150th anniversary with a new exhibit, "History in the Making." Alabama performed.

2002 – The 11th Avenue OHIO gate, built in 1966, was torn down and replaced with a redesigned, contemporary OHIO gate to take the facility into the future. Willie Nelson, Vince Gill, Travis Tritt, Rascal Flatts, Michael W. Smith, and Lifehouse performed.

2003 – The 150th Fair was celebrated. The first Fair was in 1850 and there had been one every year since, excluding 1942–1945. Celebration activities could be found all over the fair. Bow Wow, Alan Jackson, Uncle Kracker, Terri Clark, The Oak Ridge Boys, and Diamond Rio performed.

2020 - In response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it was announced on May 21 that the 2020 Ohio State Fair was canceled.

2021 – The fair returned after last year's hiatus, but limited to livestock & educational contests. The general public was forced to hold on to their 2020 tickets in 2021 due to the continued uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic that year.

2022 - Live concerts and a full fair returned after a two-year hiatus. Tickets withheld from 2020 had been valid.

title: Ohio State Fair


text:
Jonathan Shewchuk

Jonathan Richard Shewchuk is a Professor in Computer Science at the University of California, Berkeley.

He obtained his B.S. in Physics and Computing Science from Simon Fraser University in 1990, and his M.S. and Ph.D. in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University, the latter in 1997.

He conducts research in scientific computing, computational geometry (especially mesh generation, numerical robustness, and surface reconstruction), numerical methods, and physically based animation.

He is also the author of Three Sins of Authors In Computer Science And Math.

In 2003 he was awarded J. H. Wilkinson Prize for Numerical Software for writing the Triangle software package which computes high-quality unstructured triangular meshes.

He appears in online course videos of CS 61B: Data Structures class in University of California, Berkeley.

Controversies
In March 2024, Shewchuk came under criticism for making comments in response to a post made by a student on EdStem, an educational communication platform, asking for advice about his struggles dating, that was reported to the University by some who thought the comment was misogynistic. He stated "If you want a girlfriend, get out of the Bay Area. Almost everywhere else on the planet is better for that. I'm not kidding at all. You’ll be shocked by the stark differences in behavior of women in places where women are plentiful versus their behavior within artillery distance of San Jose and San Francisco."

This statement was met with widespread condemnation by UC Berkeley faculty. Berkeley spokesperson Roqua Montez stated that comments was threatening and hurtful to students, especially women, and went against UC Berkeley's values. EECS Chair Claire Tomlin issued an apology on behalf of her department. Shewchuk issued an apology on the same platform, stating that he did not intend to disrespect women and only intended to help a student.

title: Jonathan Shewchuk


text: User talk:69.232.175.91

title: User talk:69.232.175.91


text:
Dorinel Munteanu

Dorinel Ionel Munteanu (born 25 June 1968) is a Romanian football manager and former player, who is in charge of Liga I club Oțelul Galați.

A former midfielder, Munteanu is the most capped Romanian player of all time, with a total of 134 appearances and 16 goals. He played in two editions of the World Cup, those held in the United States in 1994 and France in 1998, as well as two European Championships, in 1996 and 2000.

Club career
Munteanu was born in Grădinari, Caraș-Severin County. He started his football career playing for Metalul Bocșa, a team which offered him the first chance to play in Divizia B in 1986. After a year he went to play for CSM Reșița and then in 1988 for Olt Scornicești, while 1989 found him at Inter Sibiu.

Dinamo București bought him from Inter Sibiu in 1991 only to sell him to Cercle Brugge two years later. After two years in Belgium, he moved to Germany to play for 1. FC Köln and VfL Wolfsburg until 2003.

In 2003, aged 35, he was released from his contract by VfL Wolfsburg and signed with Steaua București as a free agent, only to leave the club in 2005 after a conflict with the club's Chief Executive Mihai Stoica and join the squad of CFR Cluj-Napoca.

International career
Dorinel won his first cap for Romania in 1991 while still at Inter Sibiu. Since then he was a very important part of the national team of Romania, playing in various positions such as left back, left midfielder and playmaker.

In 2001, he won his 100th cap in a game against Slovenia in Ljubljana and four years later he won the 126th cap, making him the most capped Romanian footballer. He has a total of 134 caps.

Munteanu scored 16 goals for Romania and played at the 1994 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 1996, 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000.

Coaching career
After leaving Steaua București, Munteanu is offered the position of player-manager at CFR Cluj. In this first managerial job, he took the team to the Intertoto Cup final in 2005 and finished fifth in Divizia A at the end of the 2005–06 season. During the first half of the 2006–07 season, despite a good start (six wins, two draws, two defeats) with CFR Cluj, Munteanu announced he resigns his position at the club, due to interference with his decisions and lack of support from the club management. Munteanu had a pending offer from Argeș Pitești and he decided to accept it, despite the team being bottom of the first league after 10 games. Towards the end of the season, due to impossibility of avoiding the relegation of Argeș Pitești, he was sacked, only to be confirmed in short time as the new manager of Liga 1 team FC Vaslui. He has stated that he also intends to continue his playing career at FC Vaslui. He came back as head coach of Universitatea Cluj in September 2008, but only after seven games he quit to go to Steaua București. And again, after only eight games, he was dismissed by the club's president, Gigi Becali and returned to Universitatea Cluj.

After the short spell at Universitatea Cluj, in July 2009 he signed a contract with Oțelul Galați. In the first season under his command, the team finished eighth. The next season, Oțelul started the season with four wins in the first six games and climbed on top of the championship. They finished first the Autumn part of the season, and what seemed to be only a flash in the pan, became one of the biggest surprises in the Romanian football. Oțelul maintained its position throughout the Spring season and became Romanian champion for the first time in their history. Munteanu was seen as the primary factor for this success.

The following season, under Munteanu's guidance, Oțelul took part in the UEFA Champions League group stage, but failed to gain a single point. In the championship, Oțelul finished sixth and didn't qualify for the European competitions.

The 2012–13 season started badly for Oțelul who won the game in the first round, against Politehnica Iași, but then registered five consecutive games without a win. As a consequence, Dorinel Munteanu resigned.

In November 2012, he was installed as a head coach at Dinamo București. After only one month and four games in charge at Dinamo, Munteanu resigned at the end of 2012, citing the wish to follow his dream to coach abroad. Just a day later, on 28 December 2012, Munteanu signed a contract for one and a half years with Mordovia Saransk. On 1 August 2013, he took charge of Russian side Kuban Krasnodar, before being sacked on 12 October of the same year. On 14 June 2014, Munteanu was appointed as manager of Gabala FK. Munteanu was relieved of his duties as manager on 8 December 2014, following four wins in sixteen matches.

International goals

 * Scores and results list Romania's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Munteanu goal.

Player
Inter Sibiu Dinamo București Steaua București CFR Cluj
 * Balkans Cup: 1990–91
 * Divizia A: 1991–92
 * Divizia A: 2004–05
 * UEFA Intertoto Cup runner-up: 2005

Individual

 * Man of the Season (Belgian First Division): 1993–94

Coach
CFR Cluj Oțelul Galați
 * UEFA Intertoto Cup runner-up: 2005
 * Liga I: 2010–11
 * Cupa României runner-up: 2023–24
 * Supercupa României: 2011
 * Liga III: 2021–22

Individual
 * Gazeta Sporturilor Romania Coach of the Month: September 2023

title: Dorinel Munteanu


text:
Waun-gron Park railway station

Waun-gron Park railway station serves the Fairwater area of Cardiff, Wales. Passenger services are currently operated by Transport for Wales.

The station was opened in 1987 when a passenger service was introduced to the City Line, though the line itself opened in 1859 and was originally goods only. The station has an unusual staggered platform arrangement, one platform straddles the bridge over the roadway.

Waun-gron Park is the nearest station to the large suburb of Ely which is 10 minutes' walk from the station along Western Avenue and over Ely Bridge.

Services
The Monday to Friday off-peak service is two trains per hour each way. Eastbound to Cardiff Central, Cardiff Queen Street, and then Coryton, and westbound to Radyr.

Journey times from Waun-gron Park are eight minutes to Cardiff Central, 11 minutes to Radyr and 28 minutes to Coryton.

There is no Sunday service, although some trains running to destinations such as Merthyr Tydfil, Aberdare and Treherbert from Cardiff Central sometimes pass Waun-gron Park on the City Line when the usual line for these services through Cardiff Queen Street is closed for engineering work.

title: Waun-gron Park railway station


text:
Richard Malcolm Johnston

Richard Malcolm Johnston (March 8, 1822 – September 23, 1898) was an American author.

Biography

Johnson was born in Powelton, Hancock County, Georgia. His father was a Baptist minister, and his early education was received at a country school and finished at Mercer University. After graduating there he spent a year teaching and then took up the study of law and was admitted to the bar in 1843. In 1857, he accepted an appointment to the chair of belles-lettres and oratory at the University of Georgia in Athens, retaining it until the opening of the Civil War, when he began a school for boys on his farm near Sparta. This he kept going during the war, serving also for a time on the staff of Confederate general Joseph E. Brown, and helping to organize the state militia.

At the close of the war he moved to Maryland, where he opened the Pen Lucy School for boys in Baltimore. One of his teaching staff was Georgia-born poet Sidney Lanier, who persuaded him to begin to write for publication, although he was then more than 50 years old. His first stories were sent to Southern Magazine; others to The Century followed, and became immediately popular. His stories presented a nostalgic view of Southern plantation-based slavery that became the foundation of Lost Cause ideology.

He died in Baltimore, Maryland on September 23, 1898.

Works
Johnston's published works include:

His autobiography was posthumously published in 1900.
 * Dukesborough Tales (1871–81), recounting his early school days in Georgia
 * Old Mark Langston (1884)
 * Two Gray Tourists (1885)
 * Mr. Absolom Billingslea and Other Georgia Folks (1888)
 * The Primes (1891)
 * Widow Guthrie (1890)
 * Ogeechee Cross Firings (1889)
 * Old Times in New Georgia (1897)
 * Life of Alexander H. Stephens (1878), a biography of his partner in a law practice

title: Richard Malcolm Johnston


text:
Talk:Starbuck

Nickname
Starbuck is also the nickname of Dana Scully, from the X-Files, played by GIllian Anderson. VarunRajendran 14:21, 1 October 2005

Currency
The money in Spaceballs was not starbucks, it was spacebucks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.50.14.224 (talk) 17:26, 9 October 2010 (UTC)

 * It was space bucks in the film. According to IMDB it was changed to Starbucks in the animated series. Peter E. James (talk) 13:01, 26 May 2012 (UTC)

Arcade in Albuquerque
Starbucks was also an arcade in Albuquerque in the 1980s. Is that insufficiently notable? Barry.carter (talk) 20:25, 19 July 2013 (UTC)

US Dollars with replacement serial numbers
Before Battlestar Galactica, in the early 1970s, we called Dollar currency that had an asterisk in the serial number a "starbuck". These appear in circulation as replacements for misprints. Group29 (talk) 23:58, 16 April 2017 (UTC) In the Replacement banknote article I see they are called "star notes". Group29 (talk) 17:15, 24 February 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Starbuck


text:
Malad

Malad (Pronunciation: [maːlaːɖ]) is a suburb located in North Mumbai. Malad has a railway station on the Western line (Mumbai Suburban Railway) of the Mumbai Suburban Railway, lying between Kandivali station to the north and Goregaon station to the south. The railway tracks of the Western Line divide Malad into Malad (West) and Malad (East). It has a large Marathi population. Also located in Malad is a prominent office commercial space extending from the back of the two prominent shopping malls Inorbit Mall & Infiniti Mall. Marve Beach and Aksa Beach are Located in Malad.

History
In the 16th century, Malad consisted of a number of villages including Orlem (also known as Valnai), Kharodi, Rathodi, Malwani, Marve, Aksa, Madh and Chincholi. The other old settlements in Malad were villages occupied by the local SKP community, East Indian Community, Bhandaris and Kolis - who are recognized as the original native inhabitants of Mumbai, these communities are still living in Malad.

The Purav's and Pathare's from the SKP community are still living in Chincholi bunder and Malvani village area of Malad. The East Indian community along with Koli community is living in the Coastal areas.

One of the Oldest temple in Malad is Lord Hanuman temple situated in Malvani Village which is more than a century old constructed by Purav Family of Malvani Village in early 19th Century located in Purav lane, near Purav House.

Malvani village is known for its grand Hanuman jayanti festival and for various Lord Hanuman temples.

Harbadevi Temple which is a 12th Century temple is located in Madh Island, as per historical evidence and writings in the temple it was also attacked during World War II.

Ahead of Aksa Beach, is the hidden and relatively lesser known vital landmark, which is the Malad Fort a.k.a. Madh Fort. The fort overlooks the Arabian Sea and was captured by the Maratha Empire, from the Portuguese in 1739. INS Hamla, a logistics and training establishment of the Indian navy is situated in Malad.

Educational institutes

 * St. Anne's High School & Junior College
 * Jyotsna Dhirajlal Talakchand High School
 * Navjeevan Vidyalaya High School
 * Fatima Devi English High School
 * Kendriya Vidyalaya INS Hamla
 * St Joseph's High School
 * St Mary's School
 * Children's Academy group of schools (Bachani Nagar branch)
 * Carmel of St. Joseph School (SSC, Malad)
 * St. Anthony's High School
 * Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan International School
 * Veer Bhagat Singh International School
 * N.L. Dalmia College
 * Durgadevi Saraf Institute of Management Studies
 * Mahindra Academy
 * Lords Universal College
 * Ryan International School (ICSE/CBSE, Malad)
 * Seth Juggilal Poddar Academy
 * Balbharti School
 * Gyanganga Infotech Computer Institute (Malad East)
 * Ramzan Ali English School & Junior College
 * Kala Vidyalaya school & Polytechnic
 * Malad West School in Mumbai, Vibgyor Rise
 * Utkarsh Mandir high school
 * St Jude's High School
 * Infant Jesus school
 * Mother Teressa High School
 * Atharva educational complex Mumbai
 * Fr.Agnelo High School
 * Nagindas Khandwala College
 * St. George High School, Malad East
 * Witty International School

Demographics
The approximate population is approximately 946,000 with an additional day-time floating population of 100,000. Malad which in its entirety (East & West region) comes under the P-North ward which is the most populated ward in the city, according to the census 2011. The suburb has a large Rich and Upper Middle class Marathi population.

Hospitals

 * Thunga Hospital (Malad West)
 * Lifeline Hospital (Malad West)
 * Suchak Hospital (Malad East)
 * Ashoka Hospital (Malad East)
 * Sanjeevani Hospital (Malad East)
 * Balajee Hospital (Malad East)
 * S.K. Patil Mahanagarpalika General Hospital (Malad East)
 * MW DESAI Municipal Hospital ANC OPD (Malad East)
 * Zenith Hospital (Malad West)
 * Lotus Multispeciality Hospital (Malad West)
 * Surana Hospital and Research Centre (Orlem, Church, Malad West)
 * Sun Multispeciality Hospital
 * The Children's Hospital Mumbai (Kanchpada, Malad West)
 * Vivanta Multi Speciality Hospital (Sunder Nagar, Malad West)
 * Lifewave Hospital ( Malad east )
 * Aastha maternity and nursing home ( Malad east )
 * Mauli Aarogyam Multispeciality hospital (Malad East)

Beaches

 * Marve Beach
 * Aksa Beach
 * Danapani Beach
 * Erangal Beach
 * Madh Beach
 * Manori Beach

title: Malad


text: User talk:221.2.33.137

title: User talk:221.2.33.137


text:
2005 British Columbia municipal elections

The Canadian province of British Columbia held municipal elections on November 19, 2005. Voters in each of BC's 157 municipalities elected mayors and councillors, and rural voters elected directors for their regional district electoral area. School boards and other specialized public bodies (such as the Vancouver Park Board) have also been elected, and various local referendums are held concurrently.

Political parties and slates are a common feature of governance in some municipalities in the Metro Vancouver and Greater Victoria areas, though the rest of the province's cities and towns resemble the majority of Canada in lacking overt partisan alliances. The City of Vancouver, as well as its neighbour Richmond in particular, has an entrenched and polarized party system unique in the country.

Councillors
Electors could vote for eight candidates. Percentages are determined in relation to the total number of votes.

Vancouver
Sam Sullivan defeated Jim Green, and 18 other candidates, in the race for mayor.