text:
User:Citylover/Workinprogress/Eubot

Suggestions for the improvement of Eubot
The text in the 3 subsections below was copied from the page Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica and then edited on this page here. -- Citylover 12:48, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Suggestions after Eubot (under the IP-Address 81.207.25.97) redid R1-R4
Suggestions after Eubot (under the IP-Address 81.207.25.97) created new pages from R1 to R4 (between 14:36, 3 October 2005 (UTC) and 14:40, 3 October 2005 (UTC)):

When robots explore Antarctica... Hi Eugene, thank you very much for the changes, the articles are now almost perfect. It must be a tremendously complex task to program a bot so sophisticatedly that it is able to convert a text automatically into such a complex and still reliable Wikipedia-article. In my opinion, the Eubot-generated text is now not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively so good that you could just insert it as the official article, the text is now even better than even a good editor who creates a new article by copying/pasting from the Antarctic Gazetteer. Eubot has helped to save a lot of work for all Wikipedians who let Wikipedia explore new land in Antarctica... I have just had a quick and incomplete look now on the R1-page and found almost no conversion mistakes. The only mistakes I found so far were only tiny, isolated ones (but there are probably still more, I only had a quick look so far): -- Citylover 20:51, 3 October 2005 (UTC) * R1, Mount Rath: I also think that it would be better to convert all directions like NNE (those which are neither cardinal directions nor ordinal directions) not to "north-northeast", but to "north-northeast (NNE)" because not everybody knows which direction north-northeast is (see for example R1, Mount Rath). Implemented. -- Citylover 14:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * R1, Radian Glacier: The conversion of the abbreviation VUWAE into "Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (VUWAE)" (see R1, Radian Glacier) seems to be incorrect. Correct would be VUWAE --> "Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (VUWAE)" Implemented. -- Citylover 14:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * R1, Razlom Point: Another mistake (maybe not even a mistake) is in R1, Razlom Point, ice shelf instead of just ice shelf Suggestion can not be implemented because of technical reasons (see below) ( why that?, would it not be possible to automatically remove the redundant information again at least after it has been created?) (this suggestion affects text that is only visible when editing.) -- Citylover 14:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I have found more abbreviations:
 * NZARP --> "New Zealand Antarctic Research Program (NZARP)" Implemented. -- Citylover 14:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * NZGS --> "New Zealand Geographical Society (NZGS)" (probably, but it could also be "New Zealand Geological Society (NZGS)" or New Zealand Geophysical Society (NZGS)")
 * Not implemented, because of ambigous/unclear meaning (see also further below). -- Citylover 14:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * NZ-APC --> "New Zealand Antarctic Place-names Committee (NZ-APC)", or maybe with capital letter "New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC)" or without the - "New Zealand Antarctic Place Names Committee (NZ-APC)". Implemented. -- Citylover 14:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * R1, Redfearn: For example in R1, Redfearn, I have seen that after the expression ANARE follows within parentheses the explanation (wikilinked). Maybe this is intentional. If it is not intentional, I suggest that Eubot could standardize it with the other abbreviations by naming the full, wikilinked name first and only then the abbreviation, not wikilinked and in parentheses. Suggestion not implemented because of good reason (explained below). -- Citylover 14:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * R1, Reeves Peninsula: I also saw that in R1, Reeves Peninsula, the expression "Edward VII Peninsula" was just plain text and not wikilinked, althought the expression "Edward VII Peninsula" exists as an entry of its own in the ANTARCTICA.TXT-file (although I easily understand it given the extremely complex task to program these automated Wikilinks to other not even yet existing Wikipedia-articles on geographical features of Antarctica...) Implemented, well done! -- Citylover 14:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The years are still not wikilinked (for example "1905" should be converted to "1905") . In my opinion, Eubot should first extend all 2-digit years (where 17.., 18.., 19.. or 20.. are missing) to 4-digit years and then wikilink all years. -- Citylover 21:23, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Suggestion not implemented because of generally not wikilinking years-only-dates, I can understand it, at least when the full dates are wikilinked -- Citylover 14:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks again for the nice comments.
 * I've changed Eubot with respect to VUWAE, the new abbreviations (except NZGS) and "Edward VII Peninsula". Regarding that last bit: I've changed the way Eubot recognizes phrases that are to be wikified. It used to be only consecutive words with normal capitalisation; it now recognizes roman numerals as well. There could well be false positives.
 * I don't think wikilinking directions adds much value; one should not over-wikify articles, not every word needs to be a wikilink.
 * About ice shelf : it's just easier to program Eubot that way.

And the acronym itself, "ANARE", is pronouncable, so it just sounds a lot better. So for this acronym only, I think it just sounds better the other way around.
 * I'm not going to change 2-digit years into 4-digits. I think that is much better done by hand: for example, "1967-80" should often be changed to "between 1967 and 1980", or "from 1967 to 1980". As for wikilinking the years: this is a controversial subject. There are those who say years should only be wikilinked in the context of a complete date. As it's easy getting false hits on this point, I've decided not to wikilink years. (I may do something with complete dates in the future, though.)

Eugene van der Pijll 21:41, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Suggestions after Eubot redid S1-S8
Suggestions after Eubot created new pages from S1 to S8 (between 21:19, 3 October 2005 (UTC) and 22:05, 3 October 2005 (UTC)):

I have just had a quick look on the first entries of S1. Here are my observations: -- Citylover 22:52, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * General remark: I only thought about wikilinking 4-letter-directions (if there are any, I am not sure) and 3-letter-directions like NNE, WSW (see boxing the compass). I also think that wikilinking 2-letter-directions like SE (southeast) or NE (northeast) or 1-letter-directions like south, north, east, west is too much. But some people do not know where "north-northeast" points to and they might not have the idea or the time to try to look up a 3-letter-direction manually in the search entry field on the left by typing it in there. If the 3-letter-directions are always wikilinked like "north-northeast", people who do not know this direction exactly would be encouraged to use this wikilink to find out where this 3-letter-direction points to. -- Citylover 22:01, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I still consider this to be over-linking.
 * Unfortunately not implemented. Hopefully it will be implemented... -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * In the meantime, I have also found one new abbreviation and added it too (there are now 3 new abbreviations) (By the way, I have seen that you changed AAE from Australian Antarctic Expedition to Australasian Antarctic Expedition. Maybe this is indeed better, I do not know more about it.)
 * I have checked AAE again, it is Australasian now, but totally replaced instead of being kept too. I suggest that in addition to "Australasian Antarctic Expedition", "Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE)" is written . I strongly suggest that for all expeditions, for example for FrAE, GerAE, SovAE, AAE, the abbreviation is not only written out, but that the abbreviation is kept and written down just behind the written out expression, as this is the normal case with abbreviations and also already implemented at expeditions like for example BANZARE. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * NZARP --> "New Zealand Antarctic Research Program (NZARP)" Implemented. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * NZGS --> "New Zealand Geographical Society (NZGS)" (probably, but it could also be "New Zealand Geological Society (NZGS)" or New Zealand Geophysical Society (NZGS)"
 * Not implemented, not because it was forgotten or because of technical problems, but because it was not clear what the abbreviation means. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * NZ-APC --> "New Zealand Antarctic Place-names Committee (NZ-APC)", or maybe with capital letter "New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC)" or without the - "New Zealand Antarctic Place Names Committee (NZ-APC)" -- Citylover 07:02, 4 October 2005 (UTC) Not implemented, due to technical difficulties ( Why the difficulties? Eubot can do almost anything, so this should actually be an easy task, at least in a second run after having created them in capital letters.). -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I added the last one as well; without a capital 'N'. I do not have a preference myself, so I'm following your opinion (below at UK-APC). the wikilinking part of Eubot gets confused if the N is not capitalized...

 * S1, Mount Sabatier: What about the abbreviation "Prof."? In my opinion, I would write it out as "Professor" or even "Professor" (I have also added it to the list on WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica): -- Citylover 07:02, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Prof. --> "Professor" (or --> "Professor")
 * Yes. Implemented. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * S1, Saavedra Rock: The letter "R." there is strangely placed after the name Eduardo Saavedra (although this is already the case in the original file). Maybe another part of the name of Eduardo Saavedra? Or "Rear chief army delegate" (the latter seems very unlikely though)? -- Citylover 07:02, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * My guess is that it is a second family name. "Eduardo Saavedra" looks like a hispanic name to me, in which case he probably has two surnames, like "E. Saavedra Rodrigues". But I cannot be sure, and it's impossible to automate this anyway. Not implemented, it is impossible to implement because it is not even clear what it should mean. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * S1, Mount Sabatier: In my opinion, it would be better to write United Kingdom Antarctic Place-names Committee (with the lower-case letter "n") instead of United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (with the upper-case letter "N"), because the "n" is not part of the abbrevation UK-APC (it is not UK-APNC). Therefore, the full writing United Kingdom Antarctic Place-names Committee should reflect this with a lower-case letter "n". On the homepage of the UK-APC, both versions are being used on the same page, see http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/Resources/APC/. -- Citylover 07:02, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Done
 * No, not implemented, due to technical difficulties ( why the difficulties? ) -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * S1, Sabine Glacier: The word "glacier" is not wikilinked. In my opinion, "glacier" would be the correct version, at least the first time this word appears as an explanation for the type of geographical feature. -- Citylover 07:02, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Correct. I thought I had already done this. Implemented. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

-- Citylover 22:52, 3 October 2005 (UTC) Implemented, September not found yet. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * S1, Mount Sabine: "Jan." should be written out as "January". This applies to the following 9 months (I have already added them to the list on WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica): -- Citylover 07:02, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Jan. --> January Implemented. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Feb. --> February Implemented. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Mar. --> March Implemented. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Apr. --> April Implemented. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Aug. --> August Implemented. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Sept. (four letters, not "Sep."!) --> September not found yet. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oct. --> October Implemented. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Nov. --> November Implemented. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Dec. --> December
 * Done. And introduced wikilinking for exact dates.
 * I have checked it and found all months written out at least one time (except "September", which I still have to find, but I also did not find "Sep." or "Sept." which is a good sign). -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * S1, Mount Sabine: "... relatively snow-free mountain. ..." I suggest to generally wikilink the word "snow" to --> "snow". It is only a suggestion, maybe it is exaggerated. I also have the same suggestion (generally wikilink it) for "ice": "ice" --> "ice" (maybe also an exaggeration). These Wikilinks would be similar to the Wikilinks of ice cap and ice shelf, alhtough they would be Wikilinks linking to more general things. -- Citylover 10:07, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Again, I think this is overdoing it; I wouldn't do it when I'd wikify the information manually, so I won't program Eubot to do it. (But if you are copying the article, and you want to insert the links, you're of course free to do so.)
 * Unfortunately not implemented. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * S1, Sabrina Coast: "In recognition of Balleny's effort, Mawson retained the name of the cutter in 95E in the latter part of March 1839." The word "Mawson" stands for Sir Douglas Mawson, one of the most important explorers of Antarctica. Eubot should/could wikilink it, but there is the problem that there are several geographical features named in honor of Mawson as well. Maybe it is possible to program Eubot that it knows all these features and if the word immediately behind "Mawson" is not a word that is one of the words behind the word "Mawson" in the names of those features, then Eubot would know that "Mawson" is the person Mawson and could change it from "Mawson" to "Sir Douglas Mawson" ("Mawson" --> "Sir Douglas Mawson"). -- Citylover 10:28, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It's somewhat tricky to do this automatically; and there are a lot of other names for which this should be done (Byrd, Ronne, Gerlache, Scott, to name a few). I'm not going to do this. Note that in this case just inserting brackets around the name, like so: Mawson, already leads the reader to the correct article, with a short detour, so it's not too hard to insert the link manually. And note that a reference to Mawson as "Sir" is only proper for events after he was knighted; I got the impression that the text is fairly consistent on this point. Not implemented, but it is clear why. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * S1, Sabrina Valley: "Named in association with Sabrina Ridge (q.v.) by a University of Waikato geological party, 1978-79." (q.v.): QV Quod Vide (Latin: see which) (probably). Maybe Eubot can avoid this strange expression? -- Citylover 10:32, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll remove those. (It's not that strange an expression; it is used in encyclopedias to refer to other articles. Kind of like a wikilink.)
 * Implemented, but I suggest that "q.v." is not deleted, but replaced for example by the words "see there" (an placed just behind the Wikilink Eubot creates anyway) in order not to lose the emphasis on the link provided in the original ANTARCTICA.txt-file. For example: "Named in association with Sabrina Ridge (see there) by a University of Waikato geological party, 1978-79." (although in this special case Sabrina Ridge is not wikilinked because in the same entry, Sabrina Ridge appears alreday before and it is as asual only wikilinked the first time which is OK.) -- Citylover 07:49, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

For example because of the singular/plural problem, and because sometimes the text can be better formulated like: "Something mount (...) is a mountain.... It was discovered by ..., and named for...". I know this is annoying; I've had to change all of the entries I've put into wikipedia to form running sentences; but there is no standard way to change these. Besides, this is a change about which I'm not confident that I can make it without errors. Not implemented, due to technical problems. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * S1, Sabrina Island: "... in the Balleny Islands. Named after the cutter Balleny's schooner the Eliza Scott, in 1839, when the Balleny Islands were discovered. ..." I would prefer a complete sentence. Is it possible to program Eubot that it can automatically complete the sentence (in this case: "Sabrina Island was "), and change the uppercase-letter "N" to the lowercase-letter "n"? Afterwards, the sentence would be: "Sabrina Island was named after the cutter Balleny's schooner the Eliza Scott, in 1839, when the Balleny Islands were discovered." The same applies for example also to S1, Sachse Rocks (but here with "were named", not "was named"). -- Citylover 15:03, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * S1, Sabrina Ridge: "Named in association with Britannia by a University of Waikato (N.Z.) geological party, 1978-79, led by M.J. Selby." "New Zealand" is still abbreviated. I already added it to the list in the main article WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica: -- Citylover 15:17, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "N.Z." --> "New Zealand"
 * done.
 * No, not implemented yet. (maybe forgotten or programming mistake) -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Maybe (but here I am really not sure which version is linguistically more modern and more common) it would be better to write "southern end/side" instead of "south end/side", "northern end/side" instead of "north end/side", "northeastern end/side" instead of "northeast end/side" and so on... For example: S1, Sack Island. -- Citylover 15:27, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * *But unfortunately it's difficult to exactly tell Eubot when to use "south" and when to use "southern"; in the original text, they are both abbreviated "S". I'm not going to try to teach Eubot the trick. Too difficult, and I'm not always sure of the best version myself. Not implemented. It think the problem here is not technical, but it is linguistically unclear which version is better and any version is at least correct. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Implemented, thank you. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * S1, Sacramento Bight: Seeing this article, I would like that "bight" (analogous to "bay", "glacier" or "ice-shelf") is being automatically wikilinked by Eubot with the Wikipedia-article Bight (geography). The same applies also to the entry S1, Saint Andrews Bay: "bight" --> "bight". -- Citylover 15:39, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * S1, Saddle Hill: I found the abbreviation "NZ-APC" in the entry "Saddle Hill". This topic has already been mentioned at least one time, probably even several times (see above). I have also added it to the list of abbreviations quite a while ago (see WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica). Just to make sure that they are not forgotten, I repeat all 3 abbreviations again down here: -- Citylover 15:51, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * NZARP --> "New Zealand Antarctic Research Program (NZARP)" Implemented -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * NZGS --> "New Zealand Geographical Society (NZGS)" (probably, but it could also be "New Zealand Geological Society (NZGS)" or New Zealand Geophysical Society (NZGS)")
 * Not implemented because of ambiguous abbreviation. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * NZ-APC --> "New Zealand Antarctic Place-names Committee (NZ-APC)", or maybe with capital letter "New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC)" or without the - "New Zealand Antarctic Place Names Committee (NZ-APC)" -- Citylover 07:02, 4 October 2005 (UTC) Implemented. -- Citylover 16:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * As I said before :-), done. Except NZGS, where I don't know the correct link, so I prefer to leave it as it is.

Eugene van der Pijll 15:59, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Suggestions after Eubot redid T1-T3
Suggestions after Eubot created new pages from T1 to T3 (between 16:05, 4 October 2005 (UTC) at T1 and 16:11, 4 October 2005 (UTC) at T3):

I have just had a quick look on the entries of T1 - T3. Here are my observations: -- Citylover 16:25, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T3, Tournachon Peak: United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee: The "N" is an uppercase-letter (I would prefer a lowercase-letter). Is this intention? -- Citylover 16:47, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You have probably already given the answer, I probably found it above: -- Citylover 11:19, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I added it as well; without a capital 'N'. I do not have a preference myself, so I'm following your opinion (below at UK-APC). the wikilinking part of Eubot gets confused if the N is not capitalized... -- Eugene van der Pijll (-- Citylover 12:27, 5 October 2005 (UTC))
 * Not implemented yet (see the discussion above.) -- Citylover 07:34, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * T3, Tournachon Peak: A new abbreviation found: FIDASE (I have checked the abbreviation "FIDASE" in the file ANTARCTICA.TXT. It appears quite often there, so the discussion about it makes sense). There seem to be four different possibilities to choose from. I googled all 4 of them which different results in frequency: -- Citylover 16:47, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * FIDASE --> "Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE)" (with "and" and withouth "s")
 * 8 (eight) hits when Googling the following way: FIDASE "Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition"
 * FIDASE --> "Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expeditions (FIDASE)" (with "and" and with "s")
 * 0 (zero) hits when Googling the following way: FIDASE "Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expeditions"
 * FIDASE --> "Falkland Islands Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE)" (without "and" and without "s")
 * 7 (seven) hits when Googling the following way: FIDASE "Falkland Islands Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition"
 * FIDASE --> "Falkland Islands Dependencies Aerial Survey Expeditions (FIDASE)" (without "and" and with "s")
 * 0 (zero) hits when Googling the following way: FIDASE "Falkland Islands Dependencies Aerial Survey Expeditions"
 * Additionally, I googled also the following way (without the abbreviation "FIDASE" itself): "Falkland Islands Dependencies Aerial Survey Expeditions". Interestingly, one single search result was found and led me to the site http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/friends/polarbytes/36/ where it was written that there have been 2 different FIDAS-Expeditions at two different times (see there). In the ANTARCTICA.TXT-file, only one of the expeditions is mentioned. Both expeditions seem to be (almost?) never mentioned at the same time with the abbrevation FIDASE. Therefore, the abbreviation FIDASE should probably be written out without the letter "s" at the end of the word "expedition(s)". The questios whether the version with the word "and" or withouth the word "and" is chosen from the remaining two written out versions. When you then do an additional Googling-search without the "s", with the "and" and withouth the abbreviation "FIDASE" ("Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition"), then 90 results are found, whereas the Googling-search without the "s", withouth the "and" and with "FIDASE" ("Falkland Islands Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition") only finds 29 results. Therefore, probably the following version might be the best. I have already added it to the list of abbreviations on the main page WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica: -- Citylover 20:36, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * FIDASE --> "Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE)"
 * T3, Trojan Range: "... is a mountain range rising to 2,135 m, extending northward from Mount Francais along the east side of Iliad Glacier, Anvers Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. ..." This page has already been created on 10:15, 29 September 2005, probably based on Eubot's work. Warofdreams, the guy who created the page, automatically changed the expression "mountain range" into "mountain range". I suggest that Eubot generally wikilinks the expression "mountain range" when it appears the first time in an entry: -- Citylover 16:47, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "mountain range" --> "mountain range"
 * Not implemented yet. -- Citylover 07:48, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T3, Trollkjelen Crevasse Field: "... is a crevasse field about ..." What about wikilinking "crevasse" to "crevasse"? (I suppose that you probably think that this would be overuse.) I could not find the expression "crevasse field" when looking it up. -- Citylover 16:59, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T1, Tay Head: "... is a rocky headland ...": What about generally wikilinking the expression "headland", found for example in this article? -- Citylover 17:07, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "headland" --> "headland"
 * T1, Firth of Tay: "... is a sound, ...". I really suggest that at least in the case of the geographical feature type "sound" that the word sound is wikilinked to Sound (geography): -- Citylover 17:11, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "sound" --> "sound"
 * T1, Taylor Dome: "... is an elliptical ice dome ...". Here, I suggest that the expression "ice dome" is wikilinked with Ice cap: -- Citylover 17:23, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "ice dome" --> "ice dome"
 * "ice domed" --> "ice domed"
 * "ice-dome" --> "ice-dome"
 * "ice-domed" --> "ice-domed"
 * T1, Taborovskiy Peak ("... is the highest peak, 2,895 m, in the ..."), but also Tambovskaya Peak, Tammann Peaks, Tanglefoot Peak, Tankobu Peak, Tanna Peak, Tanngarden Peaks, Tantalus Peak, Tarakaka Peak, Mount Tararua, Tasch Peak, Tate Peak, Taylor Peak, Te Puna Roimata Peak, Telescope Peak, Teller Peak, Tempest Peak, Tenaza Peak, Tennant Peak, Mount Tennant, Mount Tennent, Tent Peak, Terletskiy Peak, Terminal Peak, Terningen Peak, Terry Peak and Mount Theseus:
 * Maybe the word "peak" could be generally automatically wikilinked by Eubot to "peak" (but maybe you are against it, although in this particular case, the word "peak" appears really very often and while the article Peak is not (yet) excellent, the article provides at least information about what a peak is.). -- Citylover 07:45, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T1, Taff y Bryn: "... is a ridgelike summit capped by dolerite (c. 1,600 m), situated ...":
 * Maybe the word "summit" could be generally automatically wikilinked by Eubot to "summit" (the article Topographical summit, which is quite a good article by the way, but maybe you are against it.). -- Citylover 20:09, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Not implemented yet. -- Citylover 07:52, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T1, Taygete Cone and Thimble Peak: "... is an extinct volcanic cone northeast of Alcyone Cone in the north part of The Pleiades, Victoria Land. ...":
 * Maybe the word "cone" could be generally automatically wikilinked by Eubot to "cone" (the article Volcanic cone) (But maybe you are against it.). -- Citylover 12:04, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T1, Tamarus Valley("... is an ice-free valley lying south of ..."), but also Tarn Valley and Taylor Valley:
 * Maybe the word "valley" could be generally automatically wikilinked by Eubotto "valley" (quite a good article by the way, but maybe you are against it.). -- Citylover 07:45, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T2, Lake Thomas: "... is a meltwater lake that is circumscribed on the northwest and northeast sides by Robertson Ridge and Clark Glacier, in Victoria Land. ...":
 * Maybe the word "lake" could be generally automatically wikilinked by Eubot to "lake" (quite a good article by the way, but maybe you are against it.). -- Citylover 15:08, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T2, Thompson Peninsula: "... is a peninsula 3 miles (4.8 km) long forming the north side of the entrance to Fournier Bay, on Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago. ...":
 * Maybe the word "peninsula" could be generally automatically wikilinked by Eubot to "peninsula" (quite a good article by the way, but maybe you are against it.). -- Citylover 15:32, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "cove" was not converted to "cove" by Eubot and "peninsula" (which should have been implemented to "peninsula") was incorrectly converted to "cove" by Eubot (look at the articles). -- Citylover 08:15, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T2, Thomson Cove : "... is a cove 1 mile (1.6 km) wide, lying just north of Etienne Fjord in Flandres Bay, along the west coast of Graham Land. ...":
 * Maybe the word "cove" could be generally automatically wikilinked by Eubot to "cove" (quite a good article by the way, but maybe you are against it.). -- Citylover 16:06, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "cove" was not converted to "cove" by Eubot and "peninsula" (which should have been implemented to "peninsula") was incorrectly converted to "cove" by Eubot (look at the articles). -- Citylover 08:15, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T2, Thomson Massif: "'... is a rock massif in the Aramis Range, Prince Charles Mountains, from which rise Mount Sundberg and Mount McGregor. ...":
 * Maybe the word "massif" could be generally automatically wikilinked by Eubot to "massif" (an article that provides useful information by the way, but maybe you are against it.). -- Citylover 16:28, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Not implemented yet, but I think this might also be due to the fact that I incorrectly wrote "massive" and "massive" instead of "massif" and "massif" (I have just corrected this mistake on this user sub-subpage here and on the other talk page Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica.). -- Citylover 08:31, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T1, Cape Tennyson: One isolated serious mistake found: When the letter "N", "W", "E" and "S" represents the misspelled initials of a name (by omitting the .) and not one of the four cardinal directions (north, west, east or south), Eubot automatically converts the letter to north/west/east/south. Is it somehow possible to program Eubot that it can distinguish when the letter "N", "W", "E" or "S" is part of a misspelled name initial and when "N", "W", "E" or "S" stands for one of the four cardinal directions? The main problem here is that the USGS actually misspelled it (omitting the .), so it is not a mistake of Eubot, but a misspelling in the original ANTARCTICA.TXT-file leading to a mistake of Eubot. -- Citylover 10:50, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Not implemented yet (look at the article T1, Cape Tennyson.). You have explained below that it is technically not possible. I suggest now that you program Eubot just for this special case of the article "Cape Tennyson" (an article that has not been created yet) that it does not make this mistake at least in this article, for example "C. E Borchgrevink" --> "C. E. Borchgrevink" and only afterwards convert the "E" to "east". Like that, we have at least one serious and obvious mistake less. -- Citylover 08:51, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T1, Teksla Island and Teyssier Island (but also generally in other subpages from A1 to Z1): This is again (like in the case just above) a misspelling in the original ANTARCTICA.TXT-file that leads to conversion problems. In the case of Teksla Island, the sentence generated by Eubot is now: " Teksla Island (-67.45°N, 60.93333°W) is a largest island in the Colbeck Archipelago near the coast of Mac. Robertson Land, 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Chapman Ridge. ... ". Eubot obviously could not regognize that the misspelled "Mac." (which is misspelled consistently and everywhere in the file http://geonames.usgs.gov/stategaz/ANTARCTICA.TXT, even the title of the entry "Mac. Robertson Land" itself is misspelled, see also there) belongs to "Mac. Robertson Land" respectively "Mac Robertson Land". Therefore, I suggest that Eubot first of all corrects everywhere in the file the incorrectly spelled phrase "Mac. Robertson Land" to "Mac Robertson Land" and maybe afterwards, no additional special programming is necessary. Please check also the Wikipedia-article Mac Robertson Land and especially its Whatlinkshere-page (maybe some Wikilinks pointing to some of the REDIRECT-pages of Mac Robertson Land are to be fixed). -- Citylover 11:45, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T1, Taff y Bryn: One abbrevation more found: "c.". I have already added it to the list of abbreviations on the main page WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica. This abbreviation may be a tricky one because "Dec.", "Mac.Robertson", "Mac. Robertson" or simply a sentence ending with "... c." must be ruled out (maybe the implementation is technically impossible): -- Citylover 20:20, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * c. --> "circa"/"approximately"/"about"/"around"/"roughly"/"vaguely" -- Citylover 20:20, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Not implemented yet. -- Citylover 09:56, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T1, Taylor Dome: More abbreviations found: "... The feature was delineated by the Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI)-NSF-TUD airborne radio echo sounding program, 1967-79. ...". Eubot could be programmed that it automatically recognizes and converts these 3 abbreviations (like any other abbrevation) in the sentence above into the following sentence (by the way, the phrase "SPRI-NSF-TUD" appears quite often in the whole ANTARCTICA.TXT-file): "... The feature was delineated by the Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI)-National Science Foundation (NSF)-Technical University of Denmark (TUD) airborne radio echo sounding program, 1967-79. ...". The 3 new abbreviations, which I have already added to the list of abbreviations on the main page WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica, are: -- Citylover 17:23, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "SPRI" --> "Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI)"
 * "NSF" --> "National Science Foundation (NSF)" Not implemented yet . -- Citylover 10:04, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "TUD" --> "Technical University of Denmark (TUD)" Not implemented yet . -- Citylover 10:04, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I just found a new abbreviation when browsing the ANTARCTICA.TXT-file (http://geonames.usgs.gov/stategaz/ANTARCTICA.TXT). It seems that Eubot already knows the abbrevtiation "RARE" (see for example T1, Table Nunatak, Mount Tchaikovsky, Mount Tanniel, Terminal Island and Themis Nunatak). Nevertheless, I have added it to the list of abbreviations on the main page WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica: -- Citylover 20:50, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * RARE --> "Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE)"
 * T1: Table Nunatak: New abbreviation found: USAAF. I already added it to the list of abbreviations on the main page WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica: -- Citylover 10:23, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * USAAF --> "United States Army Air Force (USAAF)"
 * More new abbreviations found in the textfile ANTARCTICA.TXT (http://geonames.usgs.gov/stategaz/ANTARCTICA.TXT). I already added them to the list of abbreviations on the main page WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica: -- Citylover 10:23, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * USAAF --> "United States Army Air Force (USAAF)" (already mentioned just above)
 * Already checked above. -- Citylover 10:49, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * USAF --> "United States Air Force (USAF)"
 * Found in T1. -- Citylover 10:49, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * USMC --> "United States Marine Corps (USMC)"
 * Found in N2 - and without the USMC/USAF-mistake I made. -- Citylover 10:49, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * USMS --> "United States Maritime Service (USMS)"
 * Not an important abbreviation because it only appears twice. It could be kept as an abbreviation, but it was already converted by Eubot, see N2. "USMS" could also mean "United States Meteorological Service" but I am not sure myself what to think about this possibility: Is it sure that "United States Maritime Service" is the correct one? -- Citylover 10:49, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * USMS --> "United States Meteorogical Service (USMS)" (I have checked the abbreviation USMS in the .TXT-file. It appears only twice and seems to mean only "United States Maritime Service (USMS)" and not "United States Meteorogical Service (USMS)")
 * USMCR --> "United States Marine Corps Reserve (USMCR)"
 * Found in R2. -- Citylover 11:04, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * USNS --> "United States Naval Ship (USNS)" (civilian-manned; in service)
 * The phrase " (civilian-manned; in service)" was written by http://www.acronymfinder.com/. I did not delete it, but I am not sure if and how Eubot should/could include it.
 * Another option, but quite unlikely in comparison to United States Naval Ship might be:
 * USNS --> "United States Navy Seals (USNS)"
 * The abbreviation "USNS" is not implemented by Eubot for now (for example in T2). I suggest that we could dare to implement "USNS" into Eubot because "U.S. Navy SEALSs (USNS)" seems to be quite unlikely in comparison to "United States Naval Ship (USNS)". (Maybe there might still be other meanings I did not find.) -- Citylover 11:13, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * New abbreviation found in the ANTARCTICA.TXT-file (http://geonames.usgs.gov/stategaz/ANTARCTICA.TXT): CWO. If you look it up in http://geonames.usgs.gov/stategaz/ANTARCTICA.TXT, you will see that it almost certainly means a title for a person. I have look "CWO" up on http://www.acronymfinder.com/ and found the following results which could theoretically be possible: -- Citylover 10:23, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * CWO --> "Chief Web Officer (CWO)"
 * CWO --> "Cadet Warrant Officer (CWO)" (Air Training Corps)
 * The phrase " (Air Training Corps)" was written like that on http://www.acronymfinder.com/. I did not delete it when doing copy/paste to this page over here because I thought that it might provide some useful information for you in the decision what Eubot should/could do with the unclear abbreviation CWO.
 * CWO --> "Chief Warrant Officer (CWO)"
 * CWO --> "Chief Watch Officer (CWO)"
 * CWO --> "Commissioned Warrant Officer (CWO)"
 * CWO --> "Communications Watch Officer (CWO)"
 * I suppose that in the file http://geonames.usgs.gov/stategaz/ANTARCTICA.TXT, CWO has not only one single, but several meanings listed in the list just above, depending on the particular entry in the ANARCTICA.TXT-file. Probably (maybe I am completely wrong) "Cadet Warrant Officer", "Chief Warrant Officer", "Chief Watch Officer", "Commission Warrant Officer" and/or "Communications Watch Officer" could be meant. A possibility could be to just offer all four of them so the human editor/creator of the page can decide what she/he wants (for example: "CWO (Cadet Warrant Officer, Chief Warrant Officer, Chief Watch Officer, Commission Warrant Officer and/or Communications Watch Officer)"). Another possibility is just leaving it as the abbreviation "CWO" without any further explanation and/or writing out (no programming of Eubot). -- Citylover 10:23, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I found the abbreviation "CWO" in the abbreviated-form-only in T1, Reid Spur. Therefore, the abbreviation "CWO" is not yet implemented into Eubot and there is good reason for that because of the ambiguity (see just above). But now, I have a new suggestion: -- Citylover 11:49, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Maybe Eubot could include a Wikilink and a brief explanation to the main page whenever creating an entry/article where the abbreviation "CWO" appears. This Wikilink/brief explanation could be something like that " ... . Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for CWO (it is unclear what the abbreviation CWO means, please have a look at the page WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica) James S. Reid, member of the U.S. Army Aviation Detachment which participated in exploring this area with the Texas Tech Shackleton Glacier Expedition, 1964-65. ". This would encourage people who edit or see the article to go to the page WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica and contribute something, especially an explanation for the abbreviation "CWO" if they know something more about it. -- Citylover 11:49, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T1: 4 new abbreviations found which Eubot does not know yet (I did not find the last one of these 4 new abbreviations, USCGC, at the subpage T1, but directly in the ANTARCTICA.TXT-file when I was testing the last one of the other 3 new abbreviations (USCG)). I have added all these 4 new abbreviations to the list of abbreviations on the main page WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica: -- Citylover 12:24, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * NZGB --> "New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB)"
 * For more information about the New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB), see also its comprehensive website (where Antarctica is also mentioned) at http://www.linz.govt.nz/rcs/linz/pub/web/root/core/Placenames/nzgeographicboard/index.jsp. Maybe this could be a source for a new article.
 * JARE --> "Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE)"
 * USCG --> "United States Coast Guard (USCG)"
 * Not implemented yet; for example in T1, "USCG" it is still unabbreviated. -- Citylover 12:02, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * USCGC --> "United States Coast Guard Cutter (USCGC)"
 * Not implemented yet; for example in R1, Reilly Rocks, "USCG" it is still unabbreviated. -- Citylover 12:02, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T2, Thompson Glacier: Really just a suggestion, maybe even an inconsistent suggestion: The word "sloop" could be automatically wikilinked to "sloop" (in this case, it would probably at least be easy to program Eubot). -- Citylover 15:14, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Not implemented yet. -- Citylover 12:12, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T2, Thomas Hills: "MacNamara Glacier" (although "MacNamara Glacier" is a main entry in the ANTARCTICA.TXT-file) was not recognized as a Wikilink (maybe too difficult to program). -- Citylover 14:50, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T2, Thomas Valley: "McClelland Ridge" (although "McClelland Ridge" is a main entry in the ANTARCTICA.TXT-file) was not recognized as a Wikilink (maybe too difficult to program). -- Citylover 15:00, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T2, Thomas Valley: "... United States Geological Survey (USGS) Cartographer from 1985, specializing in satellite image mapping at various scales, including the 1:25,000-scale color maps of McMurdo Dry Valleys, 1997.": "McMurdo Dry Valleys" (although "McMurdo Dry Valleys" is a main entry in the ANTARCTICA.TXT-file) was not/only partially recognized as a Wikilink (maybe too difficult to program). -- Citylover 15:04, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment for myself: I have to focus more on such missing or incorrect Wiklinks. -- Citylover 12:12, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The "the"-problem:
 * T2, Thompson Nunataks: "... Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Russel W. Thompson, United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) meteorologist at Wilkes Station, 1963." I have a very general suggestion: Before certain expressions which are often or always abbreviated in the ANTARCTICA.TXT-file, the word "the" would be needed, especially when writing out the abbrevation (even before the abbreviation itself). This applies especially to expedition-related, governmental entity-related and names-committee-related abbrevations. For example, in the sentence above, the correct sentence would be "... Named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Russel W. Thompson, United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) meteorologist at Wilkes Station, 1963." (This is a suggestion that might be almost impossible to program, but maybe it is not too difficult.) -- Citylover 15:25, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T2, Thompson Point: "... Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photographs, 1960-62. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Max C. Thompson, United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) biologist at McMurdo Station, 1966-67." Exactly the same problem (the "the"-problem) again, in this case it is a fully written out abbreviation of a governmental entitiy (USGS) and again a fully written out abbreviation of a names-committee-abreviation (US-ACAN) (it could also be the written out abbreviation of an expedition like for example NZGSAE or ANARE or FrAE or AAE or GerAE or BANZARE, as already mentioned just above). -- Citylover 15:41, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T2, Thompson Spur: "... Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960-63. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for David H. Thompson, United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) biologist at Hallett Station, 1965-66 and 1967-68. ..." Exactly the same problem (the "the"-problem) twice again (see the two entries above). -- Citylover 15:51, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T2, Thomson Peak: "... Named by the northern party of New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1963-64, for Robert B. Thomson of New Zealand, scientific leader at Hallett Station, 1960; officer-in-charge at Wilkes Station, 1962; deputy leader at Scott base, 1963-64." Exactly the same problem (the "the"-problem) again (see the two entries above). In this particular sentence above, it is a written out abbreviation of an expedition that should be preceded by the word "the". -- Citylover 16:38, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T2, Thompson Ridge: "... is a rock ridge, 2 miles (3.2 km) long and trending N-S on the south shore of Block Bay, 3.5 miles (6 km) northwest of Mount Iphigene, in Marie Byrd Land. ...": What about the expression "N-S"? Maybe the expression "N-S" is intentional, maybe it is technically impossible or too difficult to program it to be automatically written out or maybe it can be converted into the written out form "north-south". -- Citylover 15:46, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T2, Thomsen Islands: "... is a group of small islands lying 2 miles (3.2 km) southwest of Speerschneider Point, off the west side of Renaud Island in the Biscoe Islands. ...": Here, the expression "islands" is not wikilinked (I would prefer islands), whereas the phrase "... is an island ..." is now (only almost?, I am not sure) always wikilinked. -- Citylover 15:56, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Not implemented yet. -- Citylover 12:30, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T2, Thomson Glacier: "... Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after Janet W. Thomson, British Antarctic Survey, head of the mapping operations from the 1980s to 2002, and member of the USA-UK cooperative project to compile Glaciological and Coastal-Change Maps of the Antarctic Peninsula.": Because of this sentence, two questions arise: -- Citylover 16:22, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Should the abbreviations "USA" and "UK" generally be written out by Eubot and if yes, how? -- Citylover 16:22, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Question not answered yet. -- Citylover 12:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Should the abbreviation "USA-UK" (in this particular case of "USA-UK") generally be written out by Eubot and if yes, how? -- Citylover 16:22, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Question not answered yet. -- Citylover 12:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T2, Thomson Point: "... Charted in 1903 by the ScotNAE under Bruce, who named it for J.A. (later Sir Arthur) Thomson, regius professor of natural history, University of Aberdeen, Scotland.": Eubot does not know the abbreviation "ScotNAE" yet. I have added it to the list of abbreviations on the main page (WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica, see there) quite a while ago and until a very short while ago still with "???", because the main problem with "ScotNAE" seemed to be that that it was not clear (yet) what ScotNAE means (although there are several known possiblities). But the fact that this geographical feature was named for a professor at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, a Scottish University, should be a very clear sign that the expedition itself was Scottish and that therefore, the abbreviation "ScotNAE" stands for "Scottish National Antarctic Expedition". Googling the term "Scottish National Antarctic Expedition" gives 11800 search results which is also a strong indication that a "Scottish National Antarctic Expedition" could be the correct expression. Furthermore, the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition took place in the years 1902-1904 (see for example http://www.nahste.ac.uk/corp/s/GB_0237_NAHSTE_C0832/), exactly the same years as mentioned in the sentence above (1903). Furthermore, a Googling-search for "Scott National Antarctic Expedition" gives only 78 results, a Googling-search for "Scot National Antarctic Expedition" gives 0 (zero) results and a Googling-search for "Scotch National Antarctic Expedition" gives 0 (zero) results which makes other possibilities to writing out the abbreviation "ScotNAE" very unlikely or impossible. Therefore, Eubot could probably dare to automatically convert "ScotNAE" into "Scottish National Antarctic Expedition". I have now also removed the ambiguous "ScotNAE"-entry in the list of abbreviations on the main page (WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica) and changed it to a normal abbreviation-entry): -- Citylover 16:55, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * ScotNAE --> "Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (ScotNAE)"
 * T2, Thor Island: "... is the largest of a group of small islands lying at the east side of Foyn Harbor in Wilhelmina Bay, off the west coast of Graham Land. The island was named South Thor Island by whalers in 1921-22 because the whaling factory Thor I was moored to it during that season (the island to the northeast was called North Thor Island). ...":
 * the expression "islands" should be wikilinked to "islands" in my opinion (see also above).
 * Not implemented yet. -- Citylover 12:41, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "whalers": Another more general suggestion for Eubot would be that it could automatically wikilink expressions related to the topics Seal hunting and Whaling, for example the expression Sealer, Sealers, Sealing, Seal hunter, Seal hunters, Seal hunting, Whaler, Whalers, Whale hunter, Whale hunters, Whale hunting, Whaling ( Sealer, Sealers, Sealing, Seal hunter, Seal hunters, Seal hunting, Whaler, Whalers, Whale hunter, Whale hunters, Whale hunting, Whaling ). -- Citylover 17:34, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Not implemented yet. -- Citylover 12:41, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * T2, Mount Thornton: "... is a mountain between Mount McCann and Mount Benkert in the east-central part of the Snow Nunataks, Ellsworth Land. ..." "Mount McCann" was not recognized as a Wikilink ("Mount McCann") by Eubot. The reason for this might be: "Mount McCann" has its own entry in the ANTARCTICA.TXT-file but it is not listed there as "Mount McCann", but as "McCann, Mount" (maybe very difficult to program Eubot that it is still able to recognize "Mount McCann" as a Wikilink despite this irregularity in the ANTARCTICA.TXT-file). -- Citylover 17:47, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Four general suggestions:
 * I have just added two lists for the abbreviations "DI" and "SGS" whose meaning seems to be still unknown. The idea was that the expressions which are the most likely ones are converted into the italic font format, the least likely ones are written in a "deleted" way ( like this ) and maybe someone will finally find out what this abbreviation really means. I have put these two lists on the main page (WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica) for now, but maybe it would be better to move them elsewhere (either to this talk page here or to a page to be newly created). -- Citylover 14:36, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * General suggestion, concerning the subpages ranging from A1, A2, A3, A4 ... to Z1: What about adding a Wikilink not only to WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica (as it is already now), but also to this talk page here? For example a text like this one could be written there: " == Before creating a new Wikipedia-article based on the information below, please read WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica and have also a look on its talk page, Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica== ". Like that, perhaps more people could see our discussion here and would probably make suggestions or report mistakes themselves for Eubot. -- Citylover 18:54, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I suggest that from now on, Eubot automatically recreates not just 3-6 subpages, but all subpages from WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica/A1 to WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica/Z1 because if other people are creating new articles now, they have already the new Eubot-created version available, the pages are already more standardized and less menial human work has to be done. -- Citylover 07:45, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * After all or at least some of the suggestions above have been implemented and all subpages from WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica/A1 to WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica/Z1 have been updated by Eubot, I suggest that the new Antarctica-related tasks that Eubot is able to perform are added to the description of Eubot on the page Bots, for example with a sentence like: " Eubot is updating statistics on Dutch municipalities and has automatically pre-generated article entries about geographical features in Antarctica, based on a TXT-file provided by the USGS (see also WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica and Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Antarctica). " -- Citylover 10:23, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

I've taken into account most of your suggestions up to here, and am now uploading all of the pages, starting with U-Z. The uploading quite often goes wrong (server cannot be contacted), in which case the upload-program aborts, so it's a bit time-consuming; that's why I only updated in small amounts. After this complete upload, I'll just collect your suggestions for a few days before uploading anything again. (Unless something goes completely wrong, of course). Eugene van der Pijll 17:36, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

A few comments:
 * "mountain range" instead of "mountain range" cannot be done easily, and it's not that important, in my opinion.
 * Not implemented. I only thought about it because the article Mountain range is very good and there is even an own, separate category . But if it is technically too difficult, it cannot be done. -- Citylover 17:59, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * When an initial "S." in a name is misspelled as "S", it gets converted to "south"; I don't think I can do anything about that, unfortunately.
 * Not implemented yet (look at the article T1, Cape Tennyson.). You say that it is technically not possible. I suggest now that you program Eubot just for this special case of the article "Cape Tennyson" (an article that has not been created yet) that it does not make this mistake at least in this article, for example "C. E Borchgrevink" --> "C. E. Borchgrevink" and only afterwards convert the "E" to "east". Like that, we have at least one serious and obvious mistake less. -- Citylover 12:22, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It seems that "Mac. Robertson Land" is the official name! It was named after MacPherson Robertson, first name: "MacPherson". Apparently, his first name is abbreviated to "Mac.", with the period. See for example "Mac. Pherson school", which was named after the same man: http://www.macrob.vic.edu.au/guiding_values_history.htm.
 * "c." followed by a space and a number is alreay converted to "about".
 * Not implemented: Strangely, exactly this is not the case at T1, Taff y Bryn: "... dolerite (c. 1,600 m), situated ...". -- Citylover 18:10, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * the "the" problem: I've thought about doing this earlier, but I don't think I can do that automatically: sometimes the "the" is already there; sometimes there should not be a "the", e.g. if something is said about "a US-ANAC survey" or something like that (not a real example, but similar phrases are in the text.
 * Eugene van der Pijll 17:52, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks a lot. What about uploading all S and all T too with the new Eubot-configuration in order to see what worked out and what didn't? -- Citylover 17:55, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Generally, I think that now the really big "forgotten" abbreviations have all been detected and really big mistakes (except for some Wikilinks not regognized by Eubot to geographical features within the texts, although they are actually not even mistakes) have been found and discussed. -- Citylover 18:02, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Citylover/Workinprogress/Eubot


text:
Talk:Rokot

German Wiki
There is a launch record table for Rockot in the german Wikipedia article de:Rockot. Someone could translate it into english and add to this article. --Bricktop 14:25, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Done, including the three paragraphs. -Wikibob | Talk 17:14, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

a 200 kilometre high Earth orbit
HEO is defined as above GEO, what 200 km hardly is. something needs to be fixed

79.210.36.40 (talk) 20:58, 7 May 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified (January 2018)
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Engines used.
The first stage engine listed is not correct. 72.73.26.250 (talk) 11:15, 7 November 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Rokot


text: Template:Quebecor

title: Template:Quebecor


text:
Andrija Puharich

Andrija Puharich (February 19, 1918 – January 3, 1995) — born Henry Karel Puharić — was a medical and parapsychological researcher, medical inventor, physician and author, known as the person who brought Israeli Uri Geller (born 1946) and Dutch-born Peter Hurkos (1911–1988) to the United States for scientific investigation.

Early life
Puharich was born in Chicago, Illinois, one of seven children born to Croatian immigrants. His father had emigrated from what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire, entering the U.S. in 1912 as a stowaway. At home Karel's parents always called him "Andrija," which apparently wasn't his name at birth but just his parents' nickname for him. When Karel, as a young boy, started attending school, his parents enrolled him under the name "Henry Karl Puharich," feeling he would be more easily accepted with that name than with the foreign-sounding name "Karel Puharić." Thereafter he often signed his name as "Henry Karl Puharich." He didn't start using his nickname "Andrija" as his first name until sometime in the later part of his life.

During World War II, Puharich attended Northwestern University as a student in the Army Specialized Training Program. He earned an undergraduate degree in philosophy and pre-medicine in 1943 and received his M.D. from the Northwestern University School of Medicine in 1947. His residency was completed at the Permanente Research Foundation in Oakland, California, where he specialized in internal medicine.

Career
From 1953 to 1955, he served as a captain in the Army Medical Corps; in this capacity, he was assigned as Chief, Outpatient Service, U.S. Army Dispensary, Army Chemical Center, Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland. By this time he was already presenting papers on the possible military usefulness of paranormal phenemona.

During that time, he was in and out of Edgewood Arsenal Research Laboratories and Fort Detrick, meeting with various high-ranking officers and officials, primarily from The Pentagon, CIA, and Naval Intelligence. The Edgewood Arsenal is currently officially called the Edgewood Area of Aberdeen Proving Ground.

Puharich was impressed by the stories about the Dutch psychic Peter Hurkos and invited him to the U.S. in 1956 to investigate his alleged abilities (see below). In 1960, Puharich investigated materialization séances at Camp Chesterfield, but discovered the use of cheesecloth being used to fake ectoplasm. Puharich played himself on Perry Mason television series, in the episode, "The Case of the Meddling Medium," in 1961. He conducts a series of three tests to help determine the ESP of Mason's client accused of murder. During the third test, the actual murderer is exposed.

In 1960, Puharich participated in Chatino rituals in Mexico, which involved the consumption of hallucinogenic drugs. These experiences resulted in the publication of his books The Sacred Mushroom and Beyond Telepathy. In 1963, Puharich investigated the Brazilian psychic surgeon Zé Arigó, who he viewed favourably, providing an afterword for his 1974 biographer.

In 1971, Puharich met Israeli psychic Uri Geller and endorsed him as a genuine psychic (see below). Puharich wrote a supportive 1974 biography of Geller, a subject he had investigated with the help of Itzhak Bentov, among others.

In the 1970s, Puharich claimed he had investigated the effects of a low frequency radiation beam that the Soviet Union had been testing. According to Puharich the beam was based on the work of Nikola Tesla and could be used as a weapon to control people. He also claimed the beam was responsible for climatic disturbances, earthquakes, Legionnaires' disease and violent riots. Puharich wrote Tesla was contacted several times by extraterrestrials.

Two of the most famous of Puharich's 50-plus patents were devices that assist hearing: the "Means For Aiding Hearing" and "Method And Apparatus For Improving Neural Performance In Human Subjects By Electrotherapy" ". He was also granted a  in 1983 for a "Method and Apparatus for Splitting Water Molecules." His research included studying the influence of extremely low frequency ELF electromagnetic wave emissions on the mind, and he invented several devices allegedly blocking or converting ELF waves to prevent harm.

D. G. Vinod
In December, 1952, Puharich invited Hindu mystic D. G. Vinod to one of his channeling sessions. During the experiment Vinod went into a trance and claimed to have contacted a group of entities calling themselves "The Nine".

Peter Hurkos
Puharich was impressed by the stories about the Dutch psychic Peter Hurkos and invited him to the U.S. in 1956 to investigate his alleged abilities. Hurkos was studied at Puharich's Glen Cove, Maine, medical research laboratory under what Puharich considered to be controlled conditions. The results convinced Puharich that Hurkos had genuine psychic abilities. However the experiments were not repeated by other scientists. Puharich was described as a "credulous investigator." Raymond Buckland has written "with the exception of Dr. Andrija Puharich, not a single recognized psychic investigator has been impressed with Hurkos's performances."

Uri Geller
Puharich met Uri Geller in 1971 and endorsed him as a genuine psychic. Under hypnosis, Geller claimed he was sent to earth by extraterrestrials from a spaceship 53,000 light years away. Geller would later deny the space-fantasy claims, but affirmed there "is a slight possibility that some of my energies do have extraterrestrial connection."

In 1974, Puharich claimed he had observed Geller transmute base metal into gold by psychic power. Puharich also stated that Geller teleported a dog through the walls of his house. Martin Gardner wrote as "no expert on fraud was there as an observer" then nobody should take the claim of Puharich seriously. His paranormal claims about Geller were criticized by the psychologist David Marks.

In his biography of Geller, Uri: A Journal of the Mystery of Uri Geller (1974) Puharich claimed that with Geller he had communicated with super intelligent computers from outer space. According to Puharich the computers sent messages to warn humanity that a disaster is likely to occur if humans do not change their ways. Puharich claimed that extraterrestrial beings had communicated to him that Geller was the chosen savior of humanity and had been given the ability to contact flying saucers and perform paranormal phenomena such as psychokinesis, spoon bending, telepathy and teleportation. He also claimed to have experienced poltergeist phenomena with Geller. The psychologist Christopher Evans who reviewed the book in the New Scientist, wrote that although Puharich believed in every word he had written, the book was credulous and "those fans of Geller's who might have hoped to have used the book as ammunition to impress the sceptics. They will be the most disappointed of all". James Randi has written the biography contained "silly theories" but was "both a boost and a millstone to Geller".

Greta Woodrew
Puharich is said to have conducted some form of hypnosis with Greta Woodrew at Lab Nine on his estate in Ossining, New York. It was through these sessions that Woodrew allegedly made psychic contact with extraterrestrial beings.

Personal life
While working in Mexico, Puharich married and later divorced Rebecca Alban Hoffberger, the future founder and director of The American Visionary Art Museum.

Publications

 * Effects of Tesla's Life and Electrical Inventions (Essay on Nikola Tesla)
 * The Sacred Mushroom: Key to the Door of Eternity
 * Beyond Telepathy, Intro by Ira Einhorn
 * Uri: A Journal of the Mystery of Uri Geller. Anchor Press / Doubleday (1974) ISBN 0-385-00992-5
 * The Iceland Papers, Editor
 * Magnetic Model of Matter
 * ELF Magnetic Model Of Matter And Mind
 * Origin Of Life
 * Art Of Healing
 * Tesla's Magnifying Transmitter

title: Andrija Puharich


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Dina Pathak

Dina Pathak (née Gandhi; 4 March 1922 – 11 October 2002) was an Indian actress and director of Gujarati theatre and also a film actor. She was an activist and President of the National Federation of Indian Women (NFIW).

A doyenne of Hindi and Gujarati films as well as theatre, Dina Pathak acted in over 120 films in a career spanning over six decades. Her production Mena Gurjari in Bhavai folk theatre style, ran successfully for many years, and is now a part of its repertoire.

She is best known for her memorable roles in the Hindi films Gol Maal and Khubsoorat. She was a favourite of the Art Cinema in India where she played powerful roles in films like Koshish, Umrao Jaan, Mirch Masala and Mohan Joshi Hazir Ho!.

Her notable Gujarati films were Moti Ba, Malela Jeev and Bhavni Bhavai, while her well-known plays include Dinglegar, Doll's House, Vijan Sheni and Girish Karnad's Hayavadana, directed by Satyadev Dubey.

Early life
Dina Pathak was born in Amreli, Gujarat on 4 March 1922. She was enamoured of fashion and films, and while a teenager, started acting in plays and won acclaim from critics. She attended and graduated from a college affiliated to the University of Bombay (Mumbai). Rasiklal Parikh trained her in acting while Shanti Bardhan taught her dancing.

At a young age, she joined the Indian National Theatre as an actress. She became known for her student activism, where Bhavai theatre, a folk theatre form from Gujarat, was used extensively to create awareness about the British rule, in the pre-independence era; this led to her close association with Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA), along with her elder sister Shanta Gandhi and younger sister Tarla Mehta; while in Mumbai, she had an important hand in reviving the Gujarati theatre there, along with fellow Gujarati actors like Kailash Pandya and Damini Mehta.

Career
She created quite a stir with her plays in Gujarat in the 1940s. The audience queued up to watch her play the lead in Mena Gurjari, which is still one of the most popular Bhavais along with sister Shanta Gandhi's Jasma Odhan. In 1957, when she performed Mena Gurjari in front of then-President, Dr. Rajendra Prasad at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in Delhi, it became the first and the only Gujarati play to have achieved the feat so far.

Although she made her film debut with a Gujarati film, Kariyawar (1948), she returned to theatre after acting in just one film. She continued playing to packed audience in plays by Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA) and Shanti Bardhan's Ballet troupe. Later she formed her own theatre group in Ahmedabad called "Natmandal", even today, she is remembered as a stalwart performer and a theatre activist at IPTA.

In her mid-40's, she made a comeback to films, two decades after her debut, with Basu Bhattacharya's Uski Kahani (1966), for which she won the Bengal Journalists Association Award. She made four films in the 1960s, including Hrishikesh Mukherjee's classic Satyakam (1969), Saat Hindustani (1969), starring Amitabh Bachchan in his debut role and the Merchant Ivory Productions, The Guru (1969). By the 1970s, she had become a favourite of art and commercial films alike, playing powerful motherly and grandmotherly roles. It was in these films that she became recognised as the Grand-Old-Mother of Hindi films.

Films that stand out in this era are Gulzar's Mausam (1975), for which she earned her first nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress, Kinara (1977) and Kitaab (1977), and sweet comedies like Basu Chatterjee's Chitchor (1976), Gharaonda (1977) and also in an art cinema classic, Shyam Benegal's Bhumika (1977), which saw her standing tall alongside another acting legend, Smita Patil, in her career's best performance. Just as the 1970s ended, she was seen in the comedy classic, Hrishikesh Mukherjee's Gol Maal (1979), where she essayed the role of Kamala Shrivastava, a middle-aged woman who sportingly plays mother to Amol Palekar, who went on to direct her in his 1985 film, Ankahee. The next decade began with another career-best performance, as a stern disciplinarian matriarch in Hrishikesh Mukherjee's Khoobsurat in (1980), closely followed by Bhavni Bhavai (1980). She earned two nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the former two films. In 1980, she was also awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award. During the '80s, she also appeared on the popular TV series, Malgudi Days. In 1984, she appeared in A Passage to India. She gave powerful performances in Ketan Mehta's Mirch Masala (1985), Govind Nihalani's Tamas (1986) and once again she worked with Gulzar in Ijaazat (1987).

Perhaps her career's best came in another comedy when she appeared in Deepa Mehta's Bollywood/Hollywood (2002) for which she was nominated for Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress at the 23rd Genie Awards. She was also portraying the role of Badi Maa in the cult show Khichadi (2002).

Personal life
She married Baldev Pathak and had two daughters, acclaimed actresses Ratna Pathak (b. 1957), and Supriya Pathak (b. 1961).

Death
She completed her last film, Pinjar (2003), but died before its release, of heart attack, following a prolonged illness, on 11 October 2002 in Bandra, Bombay.

Selected filmography

 * Kariyawar (1948) - Raju
 * Uski Kahani (1966)
 * The Guru (1969) - Jury member at U.P. Beauty Contest
 * Saat Hindustani (1969) - Mrs. J. Nath
 * Satyakam (1969) - Harbhajan's mother
 * Sara Akash (1969) - Mrs. Thakur
 * Holi Ayee Re (1970) - Jamuna
 * Sachaa Jhutha (1970) - Insp Pradhan's Mother
 * Devi (1970) - Dharam Das' Sister
 * Jal Bin Machhli Nritya Bin Bijli (1971) - Rajmata
 * Koshish (1972) - Durga (Aarti's Mother)
 * Ranakdevi (1973) - Special Appearance
 * Aap Ki Kasam (1974) - Sunita's Mother
 * Avishkaar (1974)
 * Charitraheen (1974)
 * Mrig Trishna (1975) - Sandhya's maid
 * Anari (1975)
 * Chaitali (1975) - Chaitali's Aunt
 * Mausam (1975) - Gangu Rani
 * Sangat (1976)
 * Lagaam (1976) - Bheema's mother
 * Chitchor (1976) - Mrs. P. Choudhry
 * Gher Gher Matina Chula (1977)
 * Dream Girl (1977) - Ratnabai
 * Bhumika (1977) - Mrs. Kale
 * Vishwasghaat (1977) - Saroj
 * Shankar Hussain (1977) - Gomti
 * Paheli (1977) - Masterji's wife
 * Kitaab (1977) - Babla's Mother
 * Kinara (1977)
 * Gharaonda (1977) - Guha's Mother
 * Anurodh (1977) - Sushma Choudhary
 * Aadmi Sadak Ka (1977) - Owner of Francis Hotel
 * Badalte Rishtey (1978) - Mrs. Thakur
 * Damaad (1978) - Mrs. Choudhary
 * Bhookh (1978) - Mausi
 * Nari Tu Narayani (1978)
 * Chakravyuha (1978)
 * Jeena Yahan (1979)
 * Do Ladke Dono Kadke (1979) - Shantu (Ramu & Rani's mom)
 * Gol Maal (1979) - Kamala Srivastav
 * Meera (1979) - Mrs. Virendev Rathod 'Kunwarbai'
 * Khandaan (1979) - Usha's mother
 * Ahsaas (1979)
 * Solva Sawan (1979)
 * Bebus (1979)
 * Khubsoorat (1980) - Nirmala Gupta
 * Thodisi Bewafaii (1980) - Dr. Karuna's mom
 * Humkadam (1980) - Mrs. Raghunath Gupta
 * The Naxalites (1980)
 * Saajan Mere Main Saajan Ki (1980)
 * Bhavni Bhavai (1980) - Bhagat's wife
 * Naram Garam (1981) - Bhavani's mother-in-law
 * Biwi-O-Biwi (1981) - Col. Mangal Singh's mother
 * Haqdaar (1981)
 * Shama (1981) - Mehrunisa 'Poofi'
 * Aapas Ki Baat (1981) - Mrs. Sinha
 * Umrao Jaan (1981) - Husseini
 * Sharada (1981) - Taradevi
 * Sansani: The Sensation (1981) - Wilma Vaz
 * Tumhare Bina (1982) - Nani (Seema's mom)
 * Dil-E-Nadaan (1982) - Vikram's Mother
 * Dil... Akhir Dil Hai (1982) - Shobha Desai
 * Prem Rog (1982) - Radha's Mother-In-Law (uncredited)
 * Lakshmi (1982) - Thakur-Vijay's Father
 * Star (1982) - Mrs. Verma
 * Yeh To Kamaal Ho Gaya (1982) - Durga Singh
 * Arth (1982) - Kavita's Mother
 * Vijeta (1982) - Angad's grandmother (Biji)
 * Bheegi Palkein (1982) - Mrs. Acharya
 * Arpan (1983) - Mrs. Verma
 * Prem Tapasya (1983) - Naniji (Grandmother)
 * Woh Saat Din (1983) - Savitri (Anand's Mom)
 * Achha Bura (1983) - Rosy
 * Sasural (1984)
 * Bindiya Chamkegi (1984) - Jeevan's wife
 * Asha Jyoti (1984) - Mangala
 * Yaadgaar (1984) - Suresh's mom
 * A Passage to India (1984) - Begum Hamidullah
 * Yahan Wahan (1984) - Rajesh's Mother
 * Sharara (1984)
 * Rakta Bandhan (1984) - Chandan's mom
 * Mohan Joshi Hazir Ho! (1984)
 * Meetha Zehar (1985)
 * Holi (1985)
 * Ramkali (1985) - Ramkali's foster mom
 * Balidaan (1985) - Vijay's Bua
 * Sur Sangam (1985) - Kannu's Grandmother
 * Jhoothi (1985) - Seema's mother
 * Ankahee (1985) - Savitri Chaturvedi
 * Shart (1986) - Jankibai
 * Andheri Raat Mein Diya Tere Haath Mein (1986) - Mai
 * Karamdaata (1986) - Govinda's mother
 * Ek Chadar Maili Si (1986) - Jindhi
 * Naache Mayuri (1986) - Mayuri's Grandmother
 * Haathon Ki Lakeeren (1986) - Geeta's mom
 * Ek Pal (1986) - Priyam's mother
 * Angaaray (1986) - Vijay's mother
 * Mirch Masala (1987) - Maanki, factory worker
 * Raahee (1987) - Mrs. Kumar
 * Ijaazat (1987)
 * Mera Yaar Mera Dushman (1987) - Ashok's Mother
 * Aulad (1987) - Savithri
 * Anjaam khuda jaane (1988)
 * Mohabbat Ke Dushman (1988) - Amijaan
 * Yateem (1988) - Mrs. Yadav (uncredited)
 * Tamas (1988, TV Series)
 * Lathi (1988)
 * Clerk (1989) - Kaushalya
 * Hum Intezaar Karenge (1989) - Ravi's mother
 * Kasam Jhoot Ki (1990)
 * Sanam Bewafa (1991) - Fateh's Mom
 * Khilaaf (1991) - Mrs. Singh
 * Saudagar (1991) - Bir Singh's elder sister
 * Pita (1991)
 * Ghar Parivaar (1991)
 * Antarnaad (1991)
 * Kabhi Dhoop Kabhi Chhaon (1992)
 * Yaad Rakhegi Duniya (1992) - Naina's paternal grandmother
 * Aaj Ka Goonda Raaj (1992) - Grandmother
 * Sunday (1993)
 * Aaina (1993) - Grandmother
 * Chor Aur Chaand (1993) - Dinkar's mom
 * Phool (1993) - Dharamraaj's mom
 * Meharbaan (1993)
 * Jaagruti (1993) - Jugnu's Grandmother
 * Aankhen (1993) - Grandmother
 * Andaz (1994) - Dadi in Photo Frame
 * Raja Babu (1994) - Bansi's Mother (uncredited)
 * Eena Meena Deeka (1994) - Eena's mom
 * Maidan-E-Jung (1995) - Buaji
 * Zakhmi Sipahi (1995) - Shakti's Grandmother
 * Sabse Bada Khiladi (1995) - Jamna's mom
 * Yaraana (1995) - Durga
 * Tarpan (1995) - Rammo
 * Dushmani: A Violent Love Story (1995) - Buaji (Singh family)
 * Yash (1996) - Daadima
 * Aurat Aurat Aurat (1996) - Sita's chachi
 * Mere Sapno Ki Rani (1997) - Rajnath's mom
 * Pardes (1997) - Dadi Maa
 * Zor: Never Underestimate the Force (1998) - Mrs. Singh
 * Gharwali Baharwali (1998) - Dadi Maa
 * Zulm-O-Sitam (1998) - Meena's Grandfather
 * Himmatwala (1998)
 * Silsila Hai Pyar Ka (1999) - Abhay's Grandmother
 * Kartoos (1999) - Mini's Buaji
 * Pyaar Koi Khel Nahin (1999)
 * Badal (2000) - old lady
 * Raja Ko Rani Se Pyar Ho Gaya (2000) - Dodima
 * Champion (2000) - Rajveer's Grandmother
 * Aashiq (2001) - Dai Maa
 * Tum Bin (2001) - Mrs. Shah
 * Lajja (2001) - Bua
 * Devdas (2002) - Badima
 * Bollywood/Hollywood (2002) - Grandma ji
 * Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai (2002)
 * Border Hindustan Ka (2003) - 'Dadi' - Nargis' grandmother
 * Pinjar (2003) - Rashid's aunt (final film role)

Awards

 * 1977 – Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress for Mausam
 * 1980 – Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress for Gol Maal
 * 1981 – Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress for Khubsoorat
 * 2003 – Nominated – Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress for Bollywood/Hollywood

title: Dina Pathak


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Albuquerque Public Schools

Albuquerque Public Schools (APS) is a school district based in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Founded in 1891, APS is the largest of 89 public school districts in the state of New Mexico. In 2022 it had a total of 143 schools with some 70,000 students, making it one of the largest school districts in the United States. APS operates 88 elementary, 5 K-8, 28 middle, 20 high, 31 charter, and alternative schools. They also own the radio station KANW and co-own the TV stations KNME-TV and KNMD-TV along with the University of New Mexico.

APS serves a majority of Bernalillo County. Exceptions include Barton, the county's portion of Manzano Springs, and a section of Sedillo. APS also includes a portion of Sandoval County, where it serves Corrales.

History
Albuquerque Public Schools was founded in 1891, shortly after the New Mexico Territorial Legislature passed a new public education law authorizing municipalities to establish school boards and sell municipal bonds for school construction. The district acquired its first school by taking over the former Albuquerque Academy at Central and Edith, and classes began that fall. Primary schools were established in each of the city's four political wards in the early 1890s, and a new Central School for the upper grades opened in 1900. In 1911, the district appointed superintendent John Milne, who oversaw the school system until 1956 and was credited with much of its success.

With the city continuing to grow rapidly, a new high school building was constructed in 1914. Critics complained that the school was too large and would never reach its capacity of 500 students, but this proved not to be the case as a second building was required just 13 years later and the campus had grown to five buildings by 1940. In 1923 the district added two junior high schools, Washington and Lincoln, and two elementary schools at the expanding fringes of the city, John Marshall in the south and University Heights in the east. The outdated old ward schools were phased out between 1927 and 1937, to be replaced by Longfellow, Eugene Field, Coronado, and Lew Wallace elementary schools, respectively. The district continued to expand with the city's growth to the east, adding Monte Vista Elementary in 1931, Jefferson Junior High in 1938, and Bandelier Elementary in 1939. Albuquerque's population exploded in the postwar era, and APS had to add new schools continuously to keep up, including the city's second high school, Highland, in 1949. APS also took over the Bernalillo County public school system that same year, bringing in schools in the older rural communities along the Rio Grande valley and in the mountains. In 1956 the district boasted 39,000 students and 67 schools, the two most distant of which were 52 mi apart. Declining enrollments saw several inner-city schools closed in the 1970s, and Albuquerque High moved to a new location farther from Downtown. Nevertheless, the district as a whole continued to grow, and more recent demographic shifts have seen Coronado and Lew Wallace elementary schools reopen. In 1994, five schools in the suburb of Rio Rancho were transferred to the new Rio Rancho Public Schools district. In 2010, APS recorded nearly 100,000 students.

Schools
As of 2023, APS operates 88 elementary schools (grades K–5), 5 grades K-8 schools, 28 middle schools (grades 6–8), 20 high schools (grades 9–12), 31 charter schools (grades vary). The following list is adapted from the APS website.

Alternative schools

 * ABQ Charter Academy
 * Amy Biehl Charter School
 * Career Enrichment Center
 * eCADEMY High School
 * Family School
 * Freedom High School
 * Juvenile Detention Center Educational Unit
 * La Academia de Esperanza
 * New Futures School
 * Nex+Gen Academy (Project-based Learning magnet)
 * School On Wheels
 * Stronghurst Alternative
 * Transition Services High School
 * Vision Quest Alternative Middle School

title: Albuquerque Public Schools


text:
Ottonian architecture

Ottonian architecture is an architectural style which evolved during the reign of Emperor Otto the Great. The style was found in Germany and lasted from the mid 10th century until the mid 11th century.

History
Ottonian architecture draws its inspiration from Carolingian and Byzantine architecture. Ottonian architecture also draws from Christian art. This style of architecture is an example of a combination of Christian architecture as well as Germanic and Mediterranean styles. So influenced by Carolingian architecture, Otto I even transported marble columns from Italy to use in his churches in Germany. Though it has very similar characteristics to Carolingian architecture, the difference is in the Ottonian architects who used classical elements in state of the art ways to create what is known as Ottonian architecture. Apart from some examples influenced by the octagonal Palatine Chapel at Aachen such as Ottmarsheim (11th century, Alsace) and the apse of the abbey of the Holy Trinity at Essen, religious architecture tends to diverge from the centralised plan. Inspiration though from the Roman basilica remains concurrent, and Ottonian architecture preserves the Carolingian double ended feature with apses at either end of the church.

Ottonian architecture, especially in the creation of churches, are influenced by the Roman basilica. The churches from this era feature long naves and apses.The architectural engineering of their buildings relied heavily on mathematics, which can be seen in how Ottonian structures measurements are calculated by square unit and in how symmetrical the interior and exterior layouts are. A distinct feature of this style are thin strips on the outer walls of buildings made out of stone. This design feature was derived from Italy and Roman architectural styles. This can be especially seen churches from this period and is typically just used as a design feature. Saint Micheal's Church, Hildesheim is one of the rare Ottonian churches that still has its distinctive architectural style. In the Ottonian and Carolingian churches, the use of several altars, transepts, as well as crypts became more prominent. Ottonian architecture plays a role in the rituals of the Holy Roman Empire, such as the coronations of Emperor's. Brother of Otto the Great, Bruno the Great, worked to design, construct as well as reconstruct many buildings in the Ottonian architectural style. For example, churches such as St. Martin, St. Gereon, St. Cecilia, and St. Pantaleon were all projects he had influence and worked on as well as many more.

Examples

 * Saint Pantaleon's Church, Cologne
 * St Bartholomew's Church, Liège, Belgium.
 * Church of St. Gertrude, Nivelles, Belgium (1046)
 * Church of St. Michael, Hildesheim, Germany (1010–33)
 * Abbey Church of Gernrode (960–965, apparently the first in Europe to have a tribune gallery)

title: Ottonian architecture


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Garrison ration

A garrison ration (or mess ration for food rations of this type) is a type of military ration. Usually distinct from field rations, the term has varying meanings, but generally refers to either rations issued to personnel at a camp, installation, or other garrison; allowance (in the form of scrip or legal tender) allotted to personnel to purchase goods or rations sold in a garrison; the rations purchased with the aforementioned allowance; or a type of issued ration.

In some instances, what determines a ration to be a garrison ration depends on situational context. For example, a 1941 United States Army Field Manual defines a "garrison ration" as rations purchased with allowance in peacetime, with a "field ration" being rations issued in wartime or other special circumstances at no cost to those distributing or receiving them.

The term is often used in a historical context, but modern equivalents to garrison rations exist, though official use of the term in a present-day context is rare.

Wehrmacht
German rations were issued on a scale according to the duties and locations of the troops, there were 4 scales of ration:

Ration I (Verpflegungssatz I) is for troops committed to combat, for those that are recuperating from combat, and for troops stationed in Norway north of 66° N. Latitude.

Ration II (Verpflegungssatz II) is for occupation and line-of-communication troops.

Ration III (Verpflegungssatz III) is for garrison troops within Germany.

Ration IV (Verpflegungssatz IV) goes to office workers and nurses within Germany.

United Kingdom
In 1689 the first Royal warrant was published concerning the messing provisions for troops. The Commissary General was authorised to issue rations on a repayment basis. The ration was two-thirds of a pound (302 g) of bread and two-thirds of a pound of meat. fourpence (4d) was deducted daily from the soldiers' pay.

As there were no barracks at the time, soldiers were billeted on inn-keepers. The inn-keepers would receive fourpence to provide meals to the billeted soldiers.

In 1792 barracks for soldiers were introduced and soldiers were given $1 1/2$d a day for bread.

In 1795 allowances for bread and necessities were consolidated to $2 1/4$d per day and was later increased in the year by $1 1/2$d per day to reflect increased prices of bread and meat.

From 1815 to 1854 the daily ration for a British soldier in the United Kingdom was 1 pound of bread (453 g) and $3/4$ of a pound of meat (340 g). Two meals were provided, breakfast at 7.30 a.m. and dinner at 12.30 p.m.

In the West Indies troops were issued with salt beef on five days with fresh meat being issued for two days a week.

Crimean War
Following initial disasters in the supply system, reforms were made and British troops were issued the following; 24 oz (680 g) of bread, 16 oz (453 g) meat, 2 oz (56 g) Rice, 2 oz (56 g) Sugar, 3 oz (85 g) Coffee, 1 Gill (0.118l) spirits and $1/2$ oz (14 g) salt.

First World War
During the First World War British troops were issued the following daily ration; $1 1/4$ pound (567 g) of meat, 1 pound (453 g) preserved meat, $1 1/4$ (567 g) pound of bread, (or 1 pound (453 g) of biscuit and 4 oz (113 g) of bacon), 4 oz (113 g) Jam, 3 oz (85 g) sugar, $5/8$ oz (17 g) tea, 8 oz (226 g) vegetables and 2 oz (56 g) of butter (weekly)

Horse Rations
As horses were a principal form of transport for the British Army, horses also had a scale of rations issued.

Inter-war years
In 1921 the Treasury accepted that the public should be responsible for rations and the first ration scale was approved. The daily ration scale was;

12 oz (340 g) Meat, 16 oz (453 g) bread and 2 oz (56 g) of bacon.

Second World War
British troops in the United Kingdom had a ration scale set with different scales of rations for male and female soldiers. The daily ration scale in September 1941 was as follows; {| class="wikitable" !

Food
!Meat !Bacon and Ham !Butter and margarine !Cheese !Cooking fats !Sugar !Tea !Preserves !Army rations Home Service Scale (Men) !Army rations Home Service Scale (Women)
 * 12 oz (340 g)
 * 1.14 oz (32 g)
 * 1.89 oz (53 g)
 * 0.57 oz (16 g)
 * 0.28 oz (7 g)
 * 4.28 oz (121 g)
 * 0.57 oz (16 g)
 * 1.14 oz (32 g)
 * 6 oz (170 g)
 * 1.28 oz (36 g)
 * 1.5 oz (42 g) (margarine only)
 * 0.57 oz (16 g)
 * 2 oz (56 g)
 * 0.28 oz (7 g)
 * 1 oz (28 g)
 * }
 * }

UK MOD Nutrition Policy Statement
Joint Service Publication (JSP) 456 Part 2 Volume 1 of December 2014, the Ministry of Defence policy on nutrition is as follows;

United Kingdom Armed Forces Food Based Standards
Source:

Daily Messing Rate
The Daily Messing Rate (DMR) is used to provide the following daily calorific intake;

The current Daily Messing Rate is;

 * £2.73 in the United Kingdom
 * £3.60 outside the United Kingdom

Catering for diversity
In accordance with current UK legislation and Government guidelines it is incumbent on the Armed Forces to cater for all personnel irrespective of gender, race, religious belief, medical requirements and committed lifestyle choices.

United States
During the American Revolution, the Continental Congress regulated garrison rations, stipulating in the Militia Law of 1775 that they should consist of:

 * One pound of beef, or $1 1/2$ of a pound of pork or one pound of fish, per day. One pound of bread or flour per day. Three pints of peas or beans per week, or vegetables equivalent, at one dollar per bushel for peas or beans. One pint of milk per man per day. One half-pint of rice, or one pint of Indian meal per man per week. One quart of spruce beer, or cider, per man per day, or nine gallons of mollasses per company of one hundred men per week. Three pounds of candles to one hundred men per week, for guards. Twenty pounds of soft, or eight pounds of hard, soap for one hundred men per week.

These proportions changed fairly little until the American Civil War, although the exact contents varied somewhat. In 1863, potatoes were added to the ration at a rate of thirty pounds per hundred rations. The development of early nutrition science in the late 19th century led to changes to rations in 1892 that emphasized a more diverse selection of vegetables in addition to meat and potatoes. The principles behind the garrison ration came under fire after the Spanish–American War, as the long distance between American supply chains and troops fighting in Cuba, Puerto Rico and especially the Philippines left soldiers eating rotten foods and subsisting on canned goods that were made to very poor standards. The American death toll from bad food in that war exceeded combat fatalities.

By World War I, the American garrison ration had improved dramatically, including 137 grams of protein, 129 grams of fat, and 539 grams of carbohydrate every day, with a total of roughly 4,000 calories. However, fresh vegetables were largely absent, and the ration was inadequate in terms of vitamins. Further advances in nutrition led to the replacement of the garrison ration in 1933 with the New Army ration, which ultimately developed into the rations system described at United States military ration.

Since the WWII-era, A-rations and B-rations have been provided as part of garrison rations.

Currently garrison rations include the Unitized Group Ration and the Navy Standard Core Menu. They are prepared in dining facilities and mess halls use a standard pounds per hundred sheet for all meats. They also have standard recipe cards are follow guidelines under TB MED530 for compliance standards.

title: Garrison ration


text: Category:School districts in New Mexico

title: Category:School districts in New Mexico