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Heaven and Hell (Swedenborg book)

Heaven and Hell is the common English title of a book written by Emanuel Swedenborg in Latin, published in 1758. The full title is Heaven and its Wonders and Hell From Things Heard and Seen, or, in Latin: De Caelo et Eius Mirabilibus et de inferno, ex Auditis et Visis. It gives a detailed description of the afterlife; how people live after the death of the physical body. The book owes its popular appeal to that subject matter.

Introduction
An article about Swedenborg includes a list of biographies about him, with a brief analysis of each biographer's point of view. Some of the things he claims to have experienced are that there are Jews, Muslims and people of pre-Christian times ("pagans" such as Romans and Greeks) in Heaven. He says he spoke to married angel couples from the Golden Age who had been happy in heaven for thousands of years. The fundamental issue of life, he says, is that love of self or of the world drives one towards Hell, and love of God and of fellow beings drives one towards Heaven.

The work proved to be influential. It has been translated into a number of languages, including Danish, French, English, Hindi, Russian, Spanish, Icelandic, Swedish, Serbian and Zulu. A variety of important cultural figures, both writers and artists, were influenced by Swedenborg, including Johnny Appleseed, Jorge Luis Borges, Daniel Burnham, Arthur Conan Doyle, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Flaxman, George Inness, Henry James, Sr., Carl Jung, Immanuel Kant, Honoré de Balzac, Helen Keller, Czesław Miłosz, August Strindberg, D. T. Suzuki, and W. B. Yeats. William Blake came from a family of Swedenborgians and annotated his copy of this text, as well as referred to and criticized Heaven and Hell and Swedenborg by name several times in his poetical/theological essay The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. Edgar Allan Poe mentions this book in his work The Fall of the House of Usher. It also plays an important role in Honoré de Balzac's novel Louis Lambert.

Swedenborg wrote about Heaven and Hell based on what he said was revelation from God. According to Swedenborg, God is love itself and intends everyone to go to heaven. That was His purpose for creation. Thus, God is never angry, Swedenborg says, and does not cast anyone into Hell. The appearance of Him being angry at evil-doers was permitted due to the primitive level of understanding of people in Biblical times. Specifically, holy fear was needed to keep the people of those times from sinking irretrievably into the consequences of their evils. The holy fear idea was in keeping with the fundamental truth that even they could understand, that everything comes from Jehovah. In the internal, spiritual sense of the Word, however, revealed in Swedenborg’s works, God can be clearly seen for the loving Person He actually is.

God is One
Heaven and Hell opens with an affirmation of the many statements in the Old and New Testaments (e.g., Deuteronomy 6:4, Isaiah 44:6, 45: 14, 21, Mark 12: 29,32, John 1:18, Revelation 11:17) and Swedenborg’s revelation (e.g.,  ) that there is a God and He is one. If God is all-powerful, He must be one. It is self-contradictory to say that there is more than one being who is all-powerful.

Angels
Swedenborg details a life after death that consists of real experiences in a world in many basic ways quite similar to the natural world. According to Swedenborg, angels in heaven do not have an ethereal or ephemeral existence but enjoy an active life of service to others. They sleep and wake, love, breathe, eat, talk, read, work, play, and worship. They live a genuine life in a real spiritual body and world.

According to Swedenborg, we in the natural world can only see angels here when our spiritual eyes are opened. This corresponds to many instances in the Old Testament and New Testament (Matthew 18, Luke 2:14, Matthew 17, Luke 24, Revelation 1:10). Swedenborg received his revelation by the same process of his spiritual eyes being opened by God.

An angel’s whole environment – clothes, houses, towns, plants, etc. – are what Swedenborg terms correspondences. In other words, their environment spiritually reflects, and thus "corresponds" to, the mental state of the angel and changes as the angel's state changes.

Swedenborg writes that angels have no power of their own. God's power works through the angels to restrain evil spirits, one angel being able to restrain a thousand such spirits all at once. Angels exercise God's power chiefly in defending people against hell. Swedenborg is explicitly clear that angels have no power whatsoever of their own, they neither take nor like to receive thanks or accept any credit.

In the Christian world it is believed that in the beginning angels and devils were created in heaven, also that the devil or Satan was an angel of light, but having rebelled he was cast down with his crew, and thus hell was formed. Swedenborg states that, on the contrary, every angel or devil began life as an inhabitant of the human race. In other words, there are no angels or demons who were not people on Earth first.

Children who die go directly to heaven, where they are raised by angel mothers.

Men and women
Angels are men and women in every detail just as they were here on earth, only they are spiritual and thus more perfect. See Chapter on “Marriage in Heaven” in Heaven and Hell and  Swedenborg’s  book on the topic, Marriage Love (Conjugial Love in older translations). The spiritual conjunction of husband and wife that is the basis of true marriage in this world and the next is explained in Heaven and Hell # 366ff. and Marriage Love #156ff. "The states of [true marriage love] are innocence, peace, tranquility, intimate friendship, full trust and a desire shared by the disposition and heart of each to do the other all the good they can. All these things give rise to blessedness, bliss, joy and pleasure, and by their everlasting heavenly happiness." Swedenborg says that this true married love was known in antiquity but largely lost since then, mainly due to loss in belief that this love is eternal and that there is life after death.

The Christian marriage ideal
According to Swedenborg, married life continues after death as before, agreeing with the instinctive conviction of poets and lovers whose inward assurances tell them their love will surmount death and that they will live again and love again in human form. In other words, there is no “till death do us part” of happily married couples. (See “The Lord God Jesus Christ on marriage in heaven” )

Swedenborg also says that Christian marriage - the love of one man and one woman - is the highest of all loves, the source of the greatest bliss. “For in themselves Christian marriages are so holy that there is nothing more holy. They are the seminaries of the human race, and the human race is the seminary of the heavens.”

The spiritual conjunction of husband and wife that is the basis of Christian marriage in this world and the next, is explained in Heaven and Hell # 366ff. and Marriage Love (Conjugial Love in older translations) #156ff. Evidence of this conjunction is found in the fact that husband and  wife together are called [one] “man” or “one flesh” in Genesis 1:27, 2:22-24, 5:2, and Mark 10:8.

In heavenly marriages neither partner tries to dominate the other since love of dominion of one partner eliminates the delight of that marriage.

The ancients believed in a fountain of perpetual youth. In heaven their dream is realized, for those who leave this world old, decrepit, diseased in body or deformed, renew their youth, and maintain their lives in the full vigor of early manhood and womanhood.

Swedenborg says that couples who lived in a chaste love of Christian marriage are more than all others in the order and form of heaven, and therefore in all beauty, and continue unceasingly in the flower of youth. The delights of their love are ineffable, and increase to eternity. What their outward delights are it is impossible to describe in human words.

Polygamy
“Polygamy” is used here to describe any marital relationship between men and women other than one husband with one wife. A further variant is “Multiple Partners, but One at a Time” (i.e., serial monogamy). If done for evil reasons, such as lust, it constitutes “successive polygamy.”

Swedenborg said in his revelation that true Christian marriage love between one husband and several wives is impossible for its spiritual origin, which is the formation of one mind out of two, is thus destroyed. He says that love that is divided among a number of Christian partners is not true marriage love, but lasciviousness. According to Swedenborg, a Christian who marries more than one wife commits not only natural adultery but also spiritual adultery. In the highest sense to commit adultery means to deny the divinity of Jesus Christ and to profane the Word. Adultery is so great an evil, Swedenborg says, "that it may be called diabolism itself". After death the damnation of Christian polygamists is more severe than the damnation of those who committed only natural adultery. In the other life adulterers love filth and live in filthy hells.

Time and space in the spiritual world
There is neither time nor space as we understand them in the other world. Both are replaced by a sense of state. See Chapter 18, “Time in Heaven” and Chapter 22, “Space in Heaven,” in Swedenborg E. Heaven and Hell, Swedenborg Foundation 1946, # 70, 191

World of Spirits
The "World of Spirits" is not to be confused with “the spiritual world,” which is a general term referring to the whole extent of Heaven, Hell and the World of Spirits. The traditional Christian idea was of resurrection on Judgment Day at the end of history. Swedenborg says judgment takes place in the World of Spirits immediately after each individual’s death. After we die, we wake up in the intermediate region of the spiritual world, neither in Heaven nor Hell, but in a neutral "no man's land" that Swedenborg terms the "World of Spirits." Here we gradually lose the ability to pretend and the spiritual “real us” comes out. The resulting stripping of one's self bare, even to one's most secret thoughts and intentions, is the judgment. “There is nothing concealed that shall not be uncovered, and nothing secret that shall not be known …” (Luke 12:2, 3; Matthew 10:26, Heaven and Hell, #498). Following this judgment the new spirit goes on to Heaven or Hell of his or her own free will. God does not force them. Spirits gather with those that are alike to themselves, whether in Heaven or Hell. Each Spirit is granted Angels and good Spirits, though evil spirits cannot endure their presence and so depart.

Equilibrium and spiritual free will
According to Swedenborg, people are kept in spiritual freedom by means of the equilibrium between Heaven and Hell. "So who sends people to Heaven or Hell? Nobody but themselves. There is no inquiry as to their faith or former church affiliations, or whether they were baptized, or even what kind of life they lived on Earth. They migrate toward a heavenly or hellish state because they are drawn to its way of life, and for no other reason."Anyone can enter heaven. However, as soon as an evil person inhales the air there they have excruciating torment so they quickly shun it and escape to a state/place in keeping with their true state. As the old saying goes, “Where the tree falls, there it lies.” The basic spiritual orientation of a person toward good or evil cannot be changed after death. Thus, an evil spirit could leave hell, but never wants to.

Heaven
Swedenborg proposed that there were a multiplicity of heavens, divided into "celestial", "spiritual", and "natural" parts. In Heaven and Hell, Swedenborg allegorically likens both the nature of each heaven as well as the illumination in the sky of each heaven to the sun, moon, and stars respectively. He states that the sun of the celestial heaven and the moon of the spiritual kingdom is the Lord.

Parallel with Latter Day Saint afterlife beliefs
Swedenborg's multiple-heavens conception of the afterlife resembles the Latter Day Saint view of the afterlife described in Doctrine and Covenants Section 76.

On February 16, 1832 Joseph Smith—the progenitor of the Latter Day Saint movement—and Sidney Rigdon—a former Baptist minister associated with Alexander Campbell's movement who converted to the Church of Christ and served as a scribe and assistant to Smith—had a joint visionary experience in Hiram, Ohio while meditating on the meaning of John 5:29. The vision they described was recorded as a revelation known to early Latter Day Saints as "the Vision" and later canonized as Doctrine and Covenants 76. Like Heaven and Hell, "the Vision" rejected a binary afterlife of eternal heaven or hell as inconsistent with God's love for humanity. Instead, "the Vision" described a heaven divided into three "degrees of glory" called the celestial, terrestrial, and telestial kingdoms and likened to the "glory of the sun," moon, and stars respectively.

The shared conception of a multi-tiered heaven may derive from the New Testament writings attributed to the apostle Paul, available to both Smith and Swedenborg through the Bible:

 * "There are also celestial bodies, and bodies terrestrial: but the glory of the celestial is one, and the glory of the terrestrial is another. There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars: for one star differeth from another star in glory. So also is the resurrection of the dead."

Print versions

 * Swedenborg, E. Heaven and its wonders and Hell from things heard and seen. Swedenborg Foundation, December 1, 2001. Translator: George F. Dole, Language: English. ISBN 0-87785-476-9
 * A 1958 translation: ISBN 0-85448-054-4

title: Heaven and Hell (Swedenborg book)


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Not Lame Recordings

Not Lame Recordings was a Ft. Collins, Colorado based independent record label specializing in power pop music.

History
The label was started by Bruce Brodeen in November 1994 It primarily focused on power pop, a form of guitar and harmony driven retro-rock. Within this genre, the label quickly became the center of a small but ever expanding cult of power pop enthusiasts.

Not Lame released over 100 albums, including the annual 3-CD compilation of the International Pop Overthrow festival from 1997 through 2010 (with later years being brought out by Brodeen privately). The label also released albums for artists like Tommy Keene, Dwight Twilley, Doug Powell, and Mark Helm, as well as bands such as Myracle Brah, The Deal, Sweet Apple Pie, Hawks, and Wanderlust; and box sets for such notables as Jellyfish and The Posies. The company's online store has sold over 15,000 different CD releases.

After 16 years of operation, the label shut down on November 24, 2010. The reasons Brodeen mentioned for his decision were a career switch he had undertaken, combined with decreasing music sales in recent years in an already small market for CDs in the power pop genre. Rather than running a label, Brodeen introduced Pop Geek Heaven, an online interactive social media site, as a successor to Not Lame's role within the power pop community.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Not Lame Recordings


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User talk:Hoptsur42

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Samw 00:09, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Hoptsur42


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Terry Kinney

Terry Kinney (born January 29, 1954) is an American actor and theater director, and a founding member of the Steppenwolf Theatre Company, with Gary Sinise and Jeff Perry. Kinney is best known for his role as Tim McManus on HBO's prison drama Oz.

Early life
Kinney was born in Lincoln, Illinois, the son of Elizabeth L. (née Eimer), a telephone operator, and Kenneth C. Kinney, a tractor company supervisor.

Theatre
Kinney has been involved in theatre since 1974, when he, Gary Sinise and Jeff Perry founded the Steppenwolf Theatre Company. In describing the company's radical usage of cinematic techniques such as accelerated time, substantial soundtracks and the rough equivalent of dissolves and bleeds, Kinney had said:"We’ve always been more influenced by cinematic techniques than stage techniques because stage techniques have been around long enough to become really boring and cliché. Our earliest influences were the films of Cassavetes, not any plays we’d seen. We always tend to score our pieces and we always tend to manipulate the audience to look where we want them to look and the way to do that is to get very tight on certain situations."He has directed several plays (see below) and performed in several. In 1985, he performed in the Drama Desk Award winning play Balm in Gilead by Lanford Wilson. In 1996, Kinney played Tilden in the Sam Shepard play Buried Child directed by Gary Sinise in New York City. During a performance of Buried Child, Kinney had a "terrible, horrible, screaming panic attack" and stayed offstage for several years, only returning in 2002 in a performance with Kurt Elling called Petty Delusions and Grand Obsessions. He directed Richard Greenberg's play Well Appointed Room in 2006 and Neil Labute's reasons to be pretty in 2009. In 2010, he directed another Lanford Wilson play, Fifth of July for Bay Street Theatre (July) and for the Williamstown Theatre Festival (August).

In October–November 2012, Kinney directed Checkers a new play by Douglas McGrath at the Vineyard Theatre, New York City. He directed Lyle Kessler's new play Collision in January 2013 at Rattlestick Playwrights Theater.

Film and television
Besides his theatrical work, Kinney has done much acting, mainly for television, starting in 1986 with an appearance in Miami Vice. In 1987, he starred as Pastor Tom Bird in the CBS miniseries Murder Ordained opposite JoBeth Williams. He is perhaps best known for his portrayal of the idealistic unit manager Tim McManus on HBO's prison drama Oz.

In 1995, Kinney co-starred with Tommy Lee Jones in an adaptation of an Elmer Kelton western novel titled The Good Old Boys. Tommy Lee Jones directed this made-for-TV movie which also co-starred Sissy Spacek, Matt Damon, Sam Shepard, Wilford Brimley and retired Texas Ranger H. Joaquin Jackson.

Kinney also directed two episodes of Oz, "Cruel and Unusual Punishments" in 1999 and "Wheel of Fortune" in 2002. Explaining the experience, he said, "it was great training for shooting on a limited budget, on a time crunch."

His film work includes a role in the 1988 film Miles from Home, which featured many cast members of Steppenwolf and was directed by Sinise. In 1995, he played mayoral candidate Todd Carter in Carl Franklin's film Devil in a Blue Dress. In 1996, Kinney played a comedic role as Uncle David in the coming-of-age drama, Fly Away Home. In 1999, Kinney played the lead in the indie film, The Young Girl and the Monsoon, about Hank, a 39-year-old photo-journalist dealing with a demanding job and a growing daughter. In 2001, he played the estranged father of the protagonist, Sara Johnson (Julia Stiles), in the film Save the Last Dance.

In 2006, Kinney directed a short film (18 minutes) called Kubuku Rides (This Is It), which portrays the effects of drug addiction of a mother as seen by her young son. The film is based on the short story by Larry Brown. It is the first film produced by Steppenwolf Films. In 2008, he directed Diminished Capacity, a feature film with a big Steppenwolf presence, based on the Sherwood Kiraly novel of that name.

For television, in 2008, Kinney was Deputy Attorney General Zach Williams in Canterbury's Law, a short-lived Fox series. In 2009, he played Sergeant Harvey Brown in the ABC series, The Unusuals, and in the same year, he had a recurring role as Special Agent Sam Bosco on the hit CBS series, The Mentalist.

2010 saw a pilot for a CBS drama called The Line, starring Dylan Walsh as ATF Agent Donovan with Kinney as a complex criminal, Alex Gunderson, that Donovan is hunting. The series was to be based on a novel by Robert Gregory Browne called "Kiss Her Goodbye". (Browne said that the show was tentatively called "ATF". ) In 2011 Kinney had a recurring role in the North American adaptation of Being Human as Heggemann, an 1,100-year-old Dutch vampire. In April 2012 he starred in the CBS police procedural drama NYC 22 as Field Training Officer Daniel "Yoda" Dean. However, after four episodes NYC 22 was axed. Kinney also guest starred as Salvatore Amato, a member of a Chicago crime family, in the new Fox drama The Mob Doctor premiering in September 2012.

Kinney was cast as a series regular on ABC drama series Black Box opposite Kelly Reilly and Vanessa Redgrave, set to air on ABC in 2014.

From 2016 to 2023, Kinney has played Hall, a recurring character in the TV series Billions. In 2019, Terry was cast in the Shonda Rhimes mini-series Inventing Anna alongside Julia Garner, Laverne Cox, and Anna Chlumsky. The series, which depicts Instagram-famous scam artist Anna Sorokin, premiered on Netflix in 2022.

Personal life
From 1984 to 1988, Kinney was married to Elizabeth Perkins. From 1993 to 2005, he was married to his Oz co-star Kathryn Erbe, with whom he has two children.

Kinney lives in Brooklyn, New York.

title: Terry Kinney


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sky High Stuntman a board of Gamefaqs.com

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Cel e stianpower hablamé 17:31, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Sky High Stuntman a board of Gamefaqs.com
Vanity page. 202.156.6.54 00:09, 11 October 2005 (UTC) Delete - Damn, beat me by about a minute in listing it. Totally pointless vanity. Plasma 00:12, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non notable and vanity. CambridgeBayWeather 00:48, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete small, low impact forum entry. Joyous (talk) 01:33, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Some dudes who figure that Wikipedia is safer than a can of spray paint for their graffiti. Geogre 12:13, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: no information whatsoever, vanity. Jesse 13:31, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - useless CLW 14:56, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity --Monkbel 16:09, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete This page serves no real purpose. Vanity. 82.13.188.101 16:24, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete For all the reasons above. DJ Clayworth 21:38, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. *drew 15:17, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Somewhat notable (3k hits on Google) but vanity nevertheless. -- ReyBrujo 03:02, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Bulawa (disambiguation)

A bulawa (or bulava) is a ceremonial mace known in Poland, Russia, and Ukraine. Bulawa, Buława, or Bulava may also refer to:
 * Buława, Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
 * Bulava (missile), Russian ballistic missile
 * Olga Buława, Polish model, Miss Polski 2018

title: Bulawa (disambiguation)


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Graphicacy

Graphicacy is defined as the ability to understand and present information in the form of sketches, photographs, diagrams, maps, plans, charts, graphs and other non-textual formats.

Origin
The word graphicacy was coined by geographers William Balchin and Alice Coleman as a characterisation of visuo-spatial and cartographic abilities, "the communication of spatial information that cannot be conveyed adequately by verbal or numerical means", including the whole field of graphic arts and much of geography, cartography, computer-graphics, and photography. The word "graphicacy" was chosen by analogy with literacy, numeracy and articulacy.

Differences from other skills
Interpretation of graphics is loosely analogous to the process of reading text, while generation of graphics is the counterpart of writing text. However, text and graphics are based on very different symbol systems. For example, whereas text is structured according to formal organisational rules that apply irrespective of the content, this is not the case for graphics. With text structure, the units of information (words) are expected to be organised according to broad conventions (such as being sequenced in orderly rows starting from top left and progressing down the page). However graphics are not subject to a similarly stringent set of structural conventions. Instead, it is the content itself that determines the nature of the graphic entities and the way they are arranged. For example, the form and spatial arrangement of the items that comprise the actual subject matter being represented in the graphic are used as the basis for the graphic entities and structure that are displayed in the graphic. This is not the case with written text where the words and their arrangement bear no resemblance to the represented subject matter. Because of these and other fundamental differences between text and graphics, the processes involved in comprehension and production of graphics are distinguished from those involved in comprehension and production of text.

Issues
The concept of graphicacy acknowledges the characteristic features of graphic information that distinguish it from other forms of representation such as verbal and numerical information. Separating graphicacy from literacy and numeracy delineates the distinctive and complementary types of contributions that graphics, words, and numbers each make in human communication.

The interpretative components of graphicacy skills are relevant in the increasing range of situations where graphics carry the primary responsibility for communication. Early recognition of the importance of graphicacy came from disciplines such as geography, science and mathematics in which graphics play a key role. Educators in these and similar disciplines have become increasingly concerned with the capacities of students to comprehend information presented by way of graphics.

The interpretation of certain types of graphics can sometimes be very challenging. In addition, it is thought that graphicacy skills are largely learned rather than innate and that a viewer's capacity to interpret particular types of graphics is related to their background knowledge, in particular knowledge about the specific graphic system used to depict the subject matter, and knowledge about the subject matter that is depicted in the graphic. Severe deficiencies in either of these aspects of background knowledge may prevent a viewer from comprehending a graphic.

Example
There are some fundamental differences between written text and a graphic representation. For example, a brief explanation of the structure of a bowstring arch bridge may read:

"Spanning the river is the bridge’s arch structure with its ends carried by abutments on each bank. The deck of the bridge is suspended by struts attached to the arch and runs between the banks. Each end of the deck is connected to the arch's legs."

The main items mentioned, extracted and arranged in their order of mention in the text, would read:

"River; Bridge; Arch; Ends of arch; Abutments; Banks; Deck; Bridge; Struts; Arch; Banks; Ends of deck; Arch legs"

The signs used to represent parts of the bridge in words are very different from the signs used in the picture of the bridge. Furthermore, the same items (such as bridge, arch, and banks) are often mentioned more than once in the text version, due to the constraints of text as a representational system. However, in a graphic of this bridge, such information would only need to appear once. The arrangement of these items is also different in the text from what it would be in a graphic. When compared with the order of mention in the text with this depiction, the text is not arranged in a way that would directly map onto the bridge, but presents the bridge's components in a linear sequence that gives no visual indication of the bridge's structure.

title: Graphicacy


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David Roentgen

David Roentgen (1743 in Herrnhaag – February 12, 1807), was a German cabinetmaker of the eighteenth century, famed throughout Europe for his marquetry and his secret drawers and poes and mechanical fittings. His work embraces the late Rococo and the Neoclassical styles.

Chronology
In 1753 his father Abraham Roentgen, who had trained in London in the workshop of William Gomm, migrated to the Moravian settlement at Neuwied, near Coblenz, where he established a furniture factory. David learned his trade in his father's workshop, inherited the paternal business in 1772, and entered into partnership with the clockmaker Kintzing. By that time, the name of the firm was well known, even in France. Oddly he is remembered in France as one of the foreign cabinetmakers and workers in marquetry who, like Jean-François Oeben and Jean Henri Riesener, achieved distinction during the closing years of the Ancien Régime. Since Paris was the style center of Europe, he opened a show-room, but his furniture was made in Neuwied. The engraver Willerters recorded his appearance in Paris, initially on August 30, 1774, that M. Rontgen, celebre ébéniste, établi à Nieuwied, peintre de Coblenz, m'est venu voir, en m'apportant une lettre de recommandation de M. Zick, peintre à Coblenz ... Comme M. Rontgen connaissait personne à Paris, je lui fus utile en lui enseignant quelques sculpteurs et dessinateurs dont il avait besoin.

Roentgen was first and foremost an astute man of business. His outlet did not prosper as expected. The powerful trade corporation of the maîtres ébénistes disputed his right to sell in Paris furniture of foreign manufacture. In 1780 he resolved this restriction by inventing new style of marquetry, which attracted a good deal of attention. Instead of representing light and shade by burning, smoking or engraving the pieces of veneer, DR arranged intricate patterns of wood inlay to create the impression of pietra dura. His great rivals admitted him to their exclusive guild.

He appears to have curried considerable favor with the queen, Marie Antoinette, whose first language was also German. On several of his journeys throughout Europe, she charged him to deliver her presents and dolls dressed in the latest Paris fashions. They were intended to serve as patterns for the dressmakers to her mother and her sisters.

Because of his proficiency in constructing furniture with amusing mechanical features, the queen appointed Roentgen ébéniste-mechanicien. Popular in the late eighteenth century, ladies' dressing tables were designed to appear as a desk, drawing table or other less personal furniture, to conceal toiletries. A spring trigger, hidden catch or button revealed its dual purpose.

David mastered this style, dubbed Harlequin after the theatrical character, whatever the reference to archetype implied. His mechanical inventiveness outshone more accomplished cabinetry. The extent of his fame is shown by Goethe mention of him in Wilhelm Meister. The box inhabited by the fairy during her travels with her mortal lover is compared to Roentgen's desk in which a single pull released many springs, latches, hidden drawers, secret compartments and mechanical devices. Before he lost his head, Louis XVI paid him 80,000 livres for such a desk. Outwardly it looked like a commode. Marquetry panels showed Minerva, Roman goddess of arts, hanging the portrait of Marie Antoinette on a column engraved with her name. Above the riot of architectural details was a musical clock (the work of the partner Peter Kinzing), topped by a cupola representing Parnassus, party peak. The interior of this monumental effort, 11 ft high, was a marvel of mechanical precision. It disappeared during the First Empire under Napoleon.

Roentgen did not confine his attentions to Paris, or even to France. He traveled about Europe accompanied by furniture vans of his factory's products. Undoubtedly his aptitude as a commercial traveler was remarkable. He had shops in Berlin and Saint Petersburg. On one of his visits to Russia, he sold to the Empress Catherine furniture invoiced at 20,000 roubles. She added 5000 roubles and a personal present, a gold snuff-box, for quick fulfillment of an unexpected request. When news arrived of the Russian navy's victory over the Turks at Cheshme, DR ingeniously mounted a clock commemorating the date and time onto the Tsarina's personal secretaire desk. This suite of furniture is believed to be in the Palace of the Hermitage, with vaults of so much remarkable art uncatalogued outside Russia. To the protection of the queen of France and the empress of Russia, David added the king in Prussia, Frederick William II, who in 1792 made him a Commerzienrat, commercial agent for the Lower Rhine district. The French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars eclipsed Roentgen's star as many other great cabinetmakers of the period. In 1793 the Revolutionary government, declaring him an émigré, seized the contents of his showrooms, inventory and personal belongings. After that, he did no further business in Paris. Five years later, the French invasion of Germany, Prussia and Austria led to the closing of his factory in Neuwied. He died half ruined at Wiesbaden on 12 February 1807.

The most complete collection of his work in private hands remains that of the ducal house of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, exhibited at Callenberg Castle in Coburg, north Bavaria. In 2012 Wolfam Koepp of the Metropolitan Museum of Art discovered a particular type of Roentgen table with removable legs for easier transport.

Assessment
According to his biography in the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition of 1911, Roentgen was not a great cabinetmaker: "His forms were often clumsy, ungraceful, and commonplace; his furniture lacked the artistry of the French and the English cabinetmakers of the great period which came to an end about 1790. His bronzes were poor in design and coarse in execution; his work, in short, is tainted by commercialism. As an inlayer, however, he holds a position of high distinction. His marquetry is bolder and more vigorous than that of Riesener, who in other respects soared far above him. As an adroit devisor of mechanism he fully earned a reputation which former generations rated more highly than the modern critic, with his facilities for comparison, is prepared to accept. On the mechanical side he produced, with the help of Kintzing, many long-cased and other clocks with ingenious indicating and registering apparatus. Roentgen delighted in architectural forms, and his marquetry more often than not represents those scenes from classical mythology which were the dear delight of the 18th century." He is well represented at the V&A Museum in London, and other collections.

title: David Roentgen


text: User:Francothug

title: User:Francothug


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Quantum Mechanics - simplified

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. This is a rather tricky one. 19 people expresed definate opnions. Of these 6 or 32% chose a simple keep as their first option, 3 chose a rename (which two others listed as a second choice), and 2 a merge to an existing article, for a total of 11 or just under 58% for keeping on en.wikipedia in some form, with a simple keep the most common chice among those 11. DES (talk) 18:28, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Quantum Mechanics - simplified
Delete, perhaps merge anything useful into Quantum mechanics. Appears to be a fork of that article. android 79  00:11, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki/Merge with simple:Quantum mechanics (which is currently just a stub). Qwghlm 00:31, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Note that simple:Quantum mechanics is supposed to be a translation of Quantum mechanics into simple language.  The ideas aren't supposed to be simplified.  dbenbenn | talk 00:36, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with simple:Quantum mechanics or the main article (certainly no reason for two articles with the same purpose). I strongly feel that Wikipedia is alienating the very same community for which it purports to be in existence. If the articles are insurmountable due to vocabulary and/or presentation, only the very scholarly benefit, not the masses eager to acquire its knowledge. Articles such as Astrophysics and Wing could have been written purely scientifically but instead they are written with the intent to include readers; why must the assumption be that some articles should be written to exclude? Grika  Ⓣ 01:50, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand (with reservations). I think the main QM article should not be written as a popularization; if there's to be one, it should be a separate article. But I'm a little unhappy with the chatty style of this article; doesn't really sound encyclopedic. And I haven't checked to see if there are any clamorous errors, but popularizations usually have them, and these often result in extremely refractory misconceptions. Someone who's really competent to do so (not I!) should go over it with a fine-toothed comb. --Trovatore 05:22, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Smerge with Quantum mechanics. If the main article is so incomprehensible as to require a seperate page for the layperson, then perhaps the main article is of a more technical and less encyclopaedic nature, and would benefit from the less intense wording of the simplified form.  otherwise, delete as redundant.Jesse 13:46, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - The article as it stands is complete wothless garbage containing irrelevancies and inaccuracies and no sources. The contributors appear clueless as to the subject they purport to expound upon. There is nothing in the article worth keeping, expanding on or merging. People should write about what they know. This subject is legendary for its difficulty for good reason. Don't take my word for it; show the article to someone you know with advanced physics knowledge. WAS 4.250 13:59, 11 October 2005 (UTC) See my changed opinion for a changed article below. WAS 4.250 16:38, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Quantum mechanics exists. Pilatus 15:35, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment The current article contains inaccurate information and thus is of little value. That being said, I can see what the author was trying to do; make an esoteric subject more accessible.  The current Quantum Mechanics is understandable to many people, but probably goes over the head of many readers, and thus lacks some encyclopedic value...  I'm torn on this because I like the concept, but not the article.--Isotope23 15:41, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * We are voting on the article. For a quick introduction to get the flavour of quantum mechanics one should mention the correspondence principle and the uncertainty principle – both of which are actually remarkably intuitive concepts. Those two can go into a paragraph of the main article quantum mechanics. This article here has neither and a lot of waffle to boot. Pilatus 16:52, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I still don't think adding those concepts to the existing quantum mechanics will do much to make it understandable to the general public, but you are right the current article in discussion has significant problems. I'm not really the right person to rewrite it though, so I'll just abstain and see what happens.--Isotope23 17:12, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wikipedia is not a book for youngsters --Monkbel 16:10, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand I was the one who started this, and then I got sidetracked by work, unfortunately. My apologies to the community. I happen to agree that this article is not anywhere near finished and I would not let all the contributions stand as they are definitely not good enough, but it was intended to invite contributions and get started. I requested that people woould contribute to the discussion as I was happy to take in suggestions and write up the article myself, and I wish people had done this. I strongly feel that there should be simplified versions of difficult topics. Frankly, as a physicist myself I hate some of the main QM article. It is not suitable as it is for an encyclopaedia article. It's written by phsicists for physicists, not for explanation. I am not convinced of merging it with simple:Quantum mechanics. That is for simple English, I was trying to use straightforward English and expand in some detail on the ideas, not quite the same thing. However, it would be better than nothing. I do NOT agree with abandoning it totally however. Remember Feynman? "If you can't explain it to a beginner you don't understand it". So, who understands the topic well enough to explain it, not regurgitate advanced textbooks? Instead of giving out, why not contribute? Paulc1001 20:35, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Quantum mechanics is the most fundamental scientific theory known to man. It underpins modern science and technology and even provides us with a blueprint for reality itself. And yet it has been said that if you think you understand it, you quite clearly don't. Applying "If you can't explain it to a beginner you don't understand it" to Quantum Mechanics is an example being clueless with regard to this subject. WAS 4.250 01:31, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Nice selective quote there WAS! You're trotting out cliched marketing-speak to decide on a serious topic. If the subject is writing articles that explain a topic, then it's not me who is clueless. Wanna try being a bit more constructive? Paulc1001 03:35, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "Quantum mechanics is, at least at first glance and at least in part, a mathematical machine for predicting the behaviors of microscopic particles — or, at least, of the measuring instruments we use to explore those behaviors — and in that capacity, it is spectacularly successful: in terms of power and precision, head and shoulders above any theory we have ever had. Mathematically, the theory is well understood; we know what its parts are, how they are put together, and why, in the mechanical sense (i.e., in a sense that can be answered by describing the internal grinding of gear against gear), the whole thing performs the way it does, how the information that gets fed in at one end is converted into what comes out the other. The question of what kind of a world it describes, however, is controversial; there is very little agreement, among physicists and among philosophers, about what the world is like according to quantum mechanics. Minimally interpreted, the theory describes a set of facts about the way the microscopic world impinges on the macroscopic one, how it affects our measuring instruments, described in everyday language or the language of classical mechanics. Disagreement centers on the question of what a microscopic world, which affects our apparatuses in the prescribed manner, is, or even could be, like intrinsically; or how those apparatuses could themselves be built out of microscopic parts of the sort the theory describes." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy You propose to provide a simplified version of mathematical machine for predicting the behaviors of microscopic particles by leaving out the math concepts that describe the behaviors? You propose to provide a simplified version of what the world is like according to quantum mechanics even when the experts can't? Or are you proposing others do this? It would be both useful and instructive for you to try writing a simplied version of quantum entangement (one tiny part of quantum mechanics). Posturing is easy. I encourage you to use quantum entangement to prove me wrong with an example of the type of treatment you propose for quantum mechanics. I hope this is contructive enough for you. If not, tell me why. I encourage your curiosity in quantum mechanic; I just think you should learn more about it before you jump into this task you have set for yourself. I believe the task as you have framed it will necesarily be a failure. I note that the content you have not deleted in the article is more along the lines of "history of QM". Another suggestion would be to write an article on that - the history of QM. I'm sure that would be a smashing success (if the article does not already exist - I haven't looked). Cheers. WAS 4.250 16:17, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * WAS, while I appreciate you are being slightly more constructive I believe you are missing the point - several times! If you would stop pasting in quotes from other people for 5 minutes it might help. (1) You seem to miss (more than once) where I wrote I happen to be an (ex-)physicist, and I spent a decade in the 'trade'. I have postgraduate qualifications from a prominent Physics Dept. I say this NOT as a boast; there are many many better-qualified physicists than me here and many better able to explain the topic to a specialist audience than I am. Rather I say this as a point of information, and also that my 'curiosity' is quite well-sated, thank you. I have already learned and forgotten more about QM than many people will ever learn (not referring to you, I don't know how much you know, you only ever paste in other's words). Actually this is an issue, I have forgotten lots of detail over the years, but I did learn it in the first place. I have never said I was the only or the best person to do this task, I'm certainly not the best-qualified physicist here, but I'm probably one of the better explainers, I would like to believe. (2) This whole idea all was meant (by me) to be a work that would take quite some time, probably by several people. You seem to think a fully-formed article just jumps out. I happened to get swamped with work recently, which is why I was not able to get back to the article, which was unfortunate timing! Maybe the article could be 'hibernated' or hidden while it's worked on - is there a way to do this??? That's why I tried to get people to contribute to the discussion, not the article itself! I know I won't personally able to do much for the next few weeks, so I would be ok with mothballing it somehow. (3) I believe it is perfectly possible to explain concepts with minimal maths. There is a grand total of 1 equation in A Brief History of Time. Of course this 'explanation' is not a full QM treatise. What I am suggesting is more like can we get across the ideas to an intelligent person who doesn't have a degree in physics. (4) These quotes you love are really not relevant, sorry. (5) On quantum entanglement, I would say that some of the article here is actually not that bad, barring the equations. It wouldn't be a terrible starting point at explaining the matter simply. (6) I think, contrary to you, that there are many decent attempts to explain QM ideas in an accessible manner, and I think it is possible to attempt to explain the nauture of the problems with it too. Of course I never said I could resolve all its problems, where did you get that from? But I can SPEAK about them! You really miss this point. What part of "non-technical introduction to QM" don't you get? I never said I was going to clear up the subject entirely, that's laughable. (7) What was left after deleting was just my own quick text, frankly that's all I want to stand over. I happen to agree with you strongly that much of the text submitted to the article was inadequate. What I did yesterday was just to revert to what I have had the time to do and called it a stub which seemed prudent. It's really very little as I'm well aware of. It wasn't meant to be a history per se, but an introduction to an article. I agree that a History of QM could be a fine article. Incidentally, I was about to remove the link from the main QM article to this, but I see it's been done, good! It can be put back later if warranted.(8) If we did a quick poll I think it is not me who would be described as posturing in this discussion. You are making great sweeping statements about how everything is impossible, pasting in quotes from other people all the time, so enough! If you can't/won't contribute then butt out and go contribute where you are able. Your confrontational tone is winning you no friends in this matter, and makes that quote on your user page hilarious! I was originally motivated by a desire to explain and invite collaboration; not to abuse, ridicule, and obfuscate. So, sorry WAS, I will reply to you no more, I have not the time or energy so don't bother trying to rise me any further. I have a life outside here. Take care. Paulc1001 19:08, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wikibooks. This is not simple English in terms of vocabulary, but this is a simplified version of an article which might be appropriate as an introduction to a Wikibooks article on the subject. There are many, including wikibooks:Physics in English:Quantum Mechanics and wikibooks:Modern Physics:Quantum Mechanics:Contents, which need development. Andrew pmk | Talk 23:40, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand, perhaps rename to Quantum mechanics for beginners - definitely useful, and definitely necessary, given how technical our articles on physics get. I know that on a recent assignment I had in one of my astronomy courses, Special relativity for beginners was very useful for me (without suggesting that I didn't have the English vocabulary needed to understand the subject, like a page on Simple might), and we should continue doing that with other topics in physics. --Idont Havaname 02:19, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, rename to Quantum mechanics for beginners, per above suggestion. Special relativity for beginners seems to establish precedent (as an aside, that seems like a really useful article).  --L33tminion (talk) 15:53, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, rename to Quantum mechanics for beginners, per above suggestion. - I'm the one that put the delete on this article. At that time it was unbelievably bad and no contributor seemed to have competance to do the job. Since then Paulc1001 (the creator of the article) has deleted the bad stuff and retained not QM-simplified but QM-intro or QM-beginners stuff. Therefore keeping the article but renaming it to QM - for beginners as suggested above seems to me to be the best option at this point. WAS 4.250 16:38, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - provide a link to any "simplified" articles in the external links section of the main article if necessary. -- Cactus.man  ✍  17:40, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, rename to Quantum mechanics for beginners, per WAS. -- SCZenz 00:46, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and perhaps rename. — Laura Scudder | Talk 01:14, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or transwiki to Wikibooks, but at least do not transwiki to simple:Quantum mechanics. Wikipedia does not fork articles into different levels of expertise, does it? If quantum mechanics is incomprehensible, it should be rewritten to appeal to the average reader, perhaps with a "lighter" introduction. Karol 07:06, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Expand this article and improve the main QM article. I'm against renaming this article to "QM for beginners" at this time, because the main QM article is already close to such an article. That one only looks technical because it covers a lot of QM subjects in just a few pages, but it's really nothing more than what you can find in popular QM books in a condensed form.Count Iblis 12:11, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep, do not rename, since QM for beginners implies the beginning of a journey. Most of the readers of QM simplified will not be beginners, and will have no desire to begin a journey into the depths QM. Anyway, the article, as it currently stands, is a good start; it just needs to be expanded. linas 22:21, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep and move to Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, its perfectly reasonable for a failry technical article to have an "pre-article". Klonimus 09:38, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:White Dawg

See Gaines

title: User:White Dawg


text:
Talk:Northern Seven Years' War

Muscovy
Wasn't Muscovy a participant in that conflict? I found some tidbits of information about the gains of Sweden, Poland and Muscovy in this war, added them to the Treaty of Stettin article - it would be good if they were reviewed. Also, this may benefit from merger or expantion with material from Livonian War. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 00:12, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Another article
Just found "Northern Seven Years War," wondered why it was so bad, then found this article. If there's any unique/useful information it should be merged and redirected, if not it should be simply replaced with a redirect.

Here is the text from that article. The only contributor were anonymous.

The Northern Seven Years War (1563–1570) was waged between Denmark (supported by Lübeck) and Sweden. It is the first great Danish-Swedish collision after the age of the union.

Behind the war laid a growing rivalry between the two Scandinavian powers in the Baltic area. A temporary detente between the two states during the reign Christian III and Gustav I was replaced by new tensions at the accession of Frederick II and Eric XIV. In Estonia both parts wanted to enlarge their areas after the collapse of the German Order, Frederick II dreamt of reviving the union and Eric XIV of conquests in Scania and Norway. Diplomatic provocations and a continual prestige strife about the national arms sharpened the conflict. 1563 – at a time when King Eric was preoccupied by a rebellion in Finland - Denmark (allied with Lübeck that wanted to better its privileges) declared war on Sweden.

A quick Danish effort to conquer Sweden by a large army consisting of German lansquenets failed and instead the war developed into a war of attrition. Both parts ravaged each other’s areas. Denmark was hampered by endless wage claims from the professional soldiers and 1564 the Swedes took the offensive, ravaged Scania and nearly conquered Norway but were expelled by Danish troops. 1565 the Danes won the only real battle of the war at Axtorna but without any possibility of exploiting it. Also the plague was a severe threat to both armies.

At sea the Danes won some minor victories but also here they were hard pressed by the Swedes. A large-scale effort of blockading Sweden to surrender led to serious conflicts with the Western trade powers and so did Danish up-and-down juggling with the Sound Dues. Both navies were weakened by bad supply and during the battles often many captains remained passive. 1566 most of the Danish navy was even crushed at a shipwreck at Gotland.

After a needed reconstruction of the Danish war leadership 1566–1567 by which the exiled Danish statesman Peder Oxe was recalled and made head of the government the Danes recovered a bearable financial and diplomatic position. 1557–1568 the Danish army led by the very able general Daniel Rantzau carried through a legendary and victorious campaign through Sweden but without any regular result. 1568 King Eric who had become insane was overthrown by his brother John III who wanted peace. However huge Danish demands led the war draw on for two more years. It ended by the peace of Stettin December 1570. In reality it was a status quo peace at which Denmark recognised Sweden as an independent state and Sweden recognised Gotland a Danish area. The question about the national arms was not solved until 1613. However, the payment of a Swedish ransom to get back the fortress of Elfsborg on the Kattegat coast let Denmark stand is the ”victor”.

The political results from the war were far ranging. To the Western powers it revealed the consequenses of the Danish mastery of both Sound coast and its economic abuse of the Sound Dues. It is not unlike that these experiences were behind the Dutch and English policy of recognising the Swedish conquest of Scania after 1658. In the same way the brutal Swedish behaviour in Norway for more than two hundred years ruined the Swedish hope of a voluntary Norwegian affiliation to Sweden.

Some corrections
I have made the navial battles and exploits of Klas Horn a little bit less biased and more accurate. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.82.169.61 (talk) 01:37, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

Wrong Interwiki
Link to Belorussian article is incorrect. Thei article is about Livonian war.--90.190.139.232 (talk) 10:02, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

Short review
The article was rated as B-class. It is actually far from it. Allow me to elaborate:
 * B1. It is suitably referenced, and all major points have appropriate inline citations. The article flamboyantly fails this criterion, with only five instances of inline citations. This alone degrades the article from B-class.
 * B2. It reasonably covers the topic, and does not contain obvious omissions or inaccuracies. It is unfortunately inaccurate in that it's confusing to read, especially in references of chronology. Time is hard to keep track of here. For instance, dates often lack year.
 * B3. It has a defined structure, including a lead section and one or more sections of content. The structure is not well defined, with the chronology being confusing. It has a lead, but it's short as well as unclear: "many men died".
 * B4. It is free from major grammatical errors. Free from major ones, I guess, but it'd benefit from a thorough copyedit. The English language is Scandinavian-influenced at times and could flow better.
 * B5. It contains appropriate supporting materials, such as an infobox, images, or diagrams. OK.
 * Geschichte (talk) 21:54, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

Flagicons
Hi user:Ealdgyth, i dont get the point in removing all the flags, Can you please explain? 5.179.91.122 (talk) 12:15, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Northern Seven Years' War


text:
Talk:Up (Peter Gabriel album)

Chronology
Up is 2002 and Scratch My Back and New Blood are 2010 and 2011, respectively. However, in the intro, it seems that they predate Up.

Personnel
Surely Peter wasn't the only person to play instruments on this album? Does anyone have any data on this? Steven 00:12, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Fact Check
According to various internet sources, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan died in 1997, so the live performance could not have been at the 1998 VH1 music awards. Either the performance was not live (on his part at least) or it took place before august of 1997.
 * Fact fixed. --Fantailfan 21:45, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Information About the Songs
I think it would honour the artist and the album if someone added details about each song, personell, topic and so on. This album means alot to me and many of my friends, and therefore I would like to get information about the details of each track. Me myself am not capable of getting such information, therefore I hope that you others can get it. It would mean a lot to me:) 80.202.108.223 14:26, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

Article about the recording process
This article in Sound On Sound magazine talks about the extended effort of recording this album. Binksternet (talk) 04:02, 8 December 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Up (Peter Gabriel album)


text:
Andrade (disambiguation)

Andrade is a Portuguese and Spanish (Galician) surname.

People

 * Andrade "El Idolo" (born 1989), Mexican professional wrestler also known as Andrade "Cien" Almas and La Sombra
 * Nuestras Hijas de Regreso a Casa, founded in honor of kidnapping victim Lilia Alejandra Garcia Andrade
 * Oswald de Andrade (1890–1954), a Brazilian poet and polemicist
 * Francisco Franco Bahamonde, pseudonym of screenwriter Jaime de Andrade
 * Andrade, Lady of Goddess Keep, a character in Melanie Rawn's novels
 * Edward Andrade (1887–1971), English physicist, writer, and poet
 * Marcelo Costa de Andrade, Brazilian serial killer
 * Auguste Andrade (1793–1843), French composer
 * Marcia Andrade Braga, Brazilian military officer and peacekeeper
 * José Leandro Andrade, Uruguayan footballer

Andrade may also refer to:

Places

 * Andrade, California

title: Andrade (disambiguation)


text:
Category:Medievalists

Specialists in medieval history and culture. For historians who were active in the Middle Ages, see Category:Medieval historians.

title: Category:Medievalists


text:
User:Sortan/Jguk's Era Related Edits

Jguk's era related edits (to articles only) since his last arbitration case. List has not been throughly checked, but edits number >300.

 * 16:30, 10 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Kingdom of Judah  (as discussed at length on talk pages - please do not blindly revert. As noted earlier, there was no proper reason for the change which was contrary to WP policy)
 * 16:24, 10 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Khazars  (rv - as noted before, WP:MOS apparently mandates this change, which helps improve the readability of the article too)
 * 16:23, 10 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Kingdom of Judah  (I see no need for a change from the original style, which, as everyone understands anyway, needs no explanation)
 * 15:55, 10 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Khazars  (I'm told the MOS mandates this copyedit - and Sortan, please quit with the personal attacks)
 * 15:37, 10 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Khazars
 * 14:33, 10 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Jerusalem  (rv last edit doesn't help - we should continue using the most common language)
 * 14:25, 10 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Kingdom of Judah  (rv to Str1977 - whatever ArbCom meant I'm sure it didn't mean to override the community votes on the matter)
 * 06:45, 10 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Jerusalem  (last edit was inappropriate, as discussed)
 * 06:25, 10 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Kingdom of Israel  (rv Humus sapiens - there's no real reason not to use the most common standard by far)
 * 07:36, 9 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Kingdom of Judah  (as discussed at length on talk pages)
 * 05:01, 9 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Jerusalem  (rv - as discussed on the relevant user's talk page)
 * 05:01, 9 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Assyrian Siege of Jerusalem  (rv - as discussed on the relevant user's talk page)
 * 04:21, 9 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Kingdom of Judah  (Reverted edits by Humus sapiens to last version by John Kenney)
 * 04:17, 9 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Kingdom of Israel  (Reverted edits by Humus sapiens to last version by John Kenney)
 * 02:23, 9 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Assyrian Siege of Jerusalem  (adjusting out Humus Sapiens's change)
 * 02:22, 9 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Hanukkah  (adjusting out Humus Sapiens's change)
 * 02:22, 9 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Jerusalem  (adjusting out Humus Sapiens's change)
 * 02:14, 9 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Kingdom of Israel  (as per discussions on talk)
 * 02:10, 9 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Kingdom of Judah  (as per discussions on talk)
 * 17:58, 8 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Herm
 * 13:14, 8 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 1690s BC  (rv WP policy is for articles to adopt styles consistent with their titles - please stop being difficult and disruptive)
 * 13:14, 8 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 19 BC  (rv WP policy is for articles to adopt styles consistent with their titles - please stop being difficult and disruptive)
 * 13:14, 8 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 140s BC  (rv WP policy is for articles to adopt styles consistent with their titles - please stop being difficult and disruptive)
 * 02:12, 8 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Jerusalem  (the last edit summary seems to contradict what the edit was - let's not encourage divisiveness though and let's use language everyone understands in the hope the article helps them learn something)
 * 01:13, 8 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Josephus  (the last "clarification" will only end up confusing loads of people - plus I'm told WP policy does not support it)
 * 01:08, 8 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Jerusalem  (please use the only worldwide standard - using separate terminology just divides and promotes segregation)
 * 16:21, 7 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Assyrian Siege of Jerusalem  (Humus, I know you believe anything even remotely connected with Judaism should only be read and edited by Jews, but that is against the WP spirit - please respect all editors)
 * 16:19, 7 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Siege of Jerusalem (701 BCE)
 * 16:18, 7 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Siege of Jerusalem (701 BCE)  (Siege of Jerusalem (701 BCE) moved to Siege of Jerusalem (701 BC): revert offensive change)
 * 16:18, 7 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Assyrian Siege of Jerusalem  (Siege of Jerusalem (701 BCE) moved to Siege of Jerusalem (701 BC))
 * 16:11, 7 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Josephus
 * 16:05, 7 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Assyrian Siege of Jerusalem  (consistency)
 * 16:00, 7 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Assyrian Siege of Jerusalem  (Siege of Jerusalem (701 BCE) moved to Siege of Jerusalem (701 BC))
 * 11:57, 7 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 19 BC  (rv why do you think your preferred version is better than mine, especially when it's inconsistent with the title (cf yoghurt))
 * 11:57, 7 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 1690s BC  (rv why do you think your preferred version is better than mine, especially when it's inconsistent with the title (cf yoghurt))
 * 11:57, 7 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 140s BC  (rv why do you think your preferred version is better than mine, especially when it's inconsistent with the title (cf yoghurt))
 * 10:26, 7 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 1690s BC  (rvv)
 * 10:22, 7 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 140s BC  (rvv)
 * 10:21, 7 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 19 BC  (rvv)
 * 10:21, 7 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Julius Caesar
 * 09:50, 7 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 19 BC  (rv - please stand back and see what you're doing - what looks more sensible to you, this version or the one you keep reverting to?)
 * 09:50, 7 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 140s BC  (rv - please stand back and see what you're doing - what looks more sensible to you, this version or the one you keep reverting to?)
 * 09:50, 7 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 1690s BC  (rv - please stand back and see what you're doing - what looks more sensible to you, this version or the one you keep reverting to?)
 * 02:02, 4 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Kingdom of Judah  (Please see the talk page, where I have left a note about the sitewide compromise on this - I know some won't like it, but please accept it as the best we're going to get for now)
 * 02:02, 4 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Kingdom of Israel  (Please see the talk page, where I have left a note about the sitewide compromise on this - I know some won't like it, but please accept it as the best we're going to get for now)
 * 01:35, 4 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Kingdom of Israel   (restore original in line with WP policy - please do not change this - WP policy mandates that it doesn't change)
 * 01:33, 4 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Kingdom of Judah   (restore original in line with WP policy - please do not change this - WP policy mandates that it doesn't change)
 * 01:31, 4 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 1690s BC   (consistency with title)
 * 01:30, 4 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m 140s BC   (consistency with title and rest of page)
 * 01:30, 4 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m 19 BC   ( →Deaths - consistency with title and rest of page (WP:LAME))
 * 01:29, 4 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Stone Age   (consistency. Sortan, please look at what you're doing - there was an edit making a grammar error and introducing an inconsistency in spelling - stop trying to edit war the inconsistency back again)
 * 13:16, 3 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Ancient Egypt   (applying WP policy - you may disagree with the policy, but please abide by it - see WP:POINT)
 * 13:16, 3 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Achaemenid dynasty   (applying WP policy - you may disagree with the policy, but please abide by it - see WP:POINT)
 * 13:16, 3 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Sumerian king list   (applying WP policy - you may disagree with the policy, but please abide by it - see WP:POINT)
 * 13:10, 3 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Stone Age   (article is in British English, not American)
 * 01:36, 3 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Achaemenid dynasty   (previous edit was contrary to WP policy)
 * 01:27, 3 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Sumerian king list   (simplifying)
 * 01:26, 3 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Ancient Egypt   (revert change made contrary to WP policy (and knowingly so))
 * 16:07, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Ancient Egypt   (rv - I know you disagree with WP policy, CDThieme, but please respect it none the less. To do otherwise just ends up disrupting wikipedia)
 * 15:17, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Sumerian king list   (no need to re-introduce jargon when it's not necessary to do so)
 * 14:55, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Achaemenid dynasty   (rv to last version by Codex Sinaiticus, which was in compliance with WP policy - CDThieme, please read WP:POINT)
 * 09:34, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 486 BC   (as per title)
 * 09:32, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 396 BC   (as per title)
 * 09:20, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 52 BC   ( →Deaths - as per title)
 * 09:20, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 19 BC   ( →Deaths - as per title)
 * 09:19, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 140s BC   (as per title)
 * 09:19, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 1690s BC   (as per title)
 * 09:11, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 108 BC   (rvv)
 * 09:11, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 750s BC   (rvv)
 * 09:10, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 710s BC   (rvv)
 * 09:09, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 580s BC   (rvv)
 * 09:09, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 6th century BC   ( →Inventions, discoveries, introductions - sp)
 * 09:08, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 6th century BC   (rvv)
 * 09:05, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 660s BC   (rv anon troublemaker)
 * 09:00, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) 620s BC   (clearly this needs to be consistent with the title and the series)
 * 05:42, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Common Era   ( →Opposition - I'm not aware of a statement being issued - just a reply in Parliament)
 * 04:55, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Kingdom of Judah   (rv as per talk, and also add some hidden comments about further information required to make the article easier for a layman to read)
 * 02:50, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Ancient Egypt   ( →Language - tweak bit that looked out of place)
 * 02:48, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Caesar Augustus   (minor tweaks)
 * 02:41, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Kingdom of Israel   (rv to John Kenney's version, which is consistent with WP policy)
 * 02:26, 2 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Kingdom of Judah   (rv to John Kenney's internationally and widely understood form (which to my mind is completely neutral whereas humus sapiens version is not))
 * 13:40, 1 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Sumerian king list   (tweak)
 * 10:21, 1 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Kingdom of Judah   (as per John Kenney)
 * 03:05, 1 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Achaemenid dynasty   (rv edits by Sortan)
 * 00:57, 1 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Etymology of the name of Julius Caesar   (last edit was inappropriate, as noted on 'Talk:Julius Caesar')
 * 00:45, 1 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Military career of Julius Caesar   (tweak)
 * 00:43, 1 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Literary works of Julius Caesar   (tweak to correct last edit)
 * 00:40, 1 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Kingdom of Israel   (rv as the last change was not consistent with accepted WP policy/practice)
 * 00:37, 1 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Achaemenid dynasty   (rv in line with WP policy in the MOS, which has been discussed ad infinitum. You may not like what what the policy is, but that doesn't mean you should revert-war to impose your views)
 * 00:34, 1 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Julius Caesar   (rv in line with WP policy in the MOS, which has been discussed ad infinitum. You may not like what what the policy is, but that doesn't mean you should revert-war to impose your views)
 * 00:32, 1 October 2005 (hist) (diff) m Stone Age   (rv "artefact" is the correct spelling and "representation" is singular, not plural)
 * 00:32, 1 October 2005 (hist) (diff) Kingdom of Judah   (rv change which was contrary to WP policy (as discussed ad infinitum), also this is the only standard generally understood worldwide)
 * 12:51, 30 September 2005 (hist) (diff) m Achaemenid dynasty   (rv troll)
 * 12:50, 30 September 2005 (hist) (diff) m Stone Age   (rv - the spelling and the grammar were fine)
 * 07:37, 29 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Julius Caesar   (rv as is WP custom and practice - see Mirv's reference on talk)
 * 01:51, 29 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Achaemenid dynasty   (Sortan - please find something constructive to do, Wikipedia could well do without you)
 * 13:30, 28 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Achaemenid dynasty   (rv in line with WP policy in the MOS)
 * 06:56, 28 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Julius Caesar   (rv if you look at the history of this page you will see it has been like this for more than 99% of the time, and that is where WP:MOS says it should remain)
 * 02:34, 28 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Achaemenid dynasty   (rv as per WP:MOS)
 * 16:38, 27 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Julius Caesar   (Plea for common sense)
 * 16:36, 27 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Julius Caesar   (rv - this page has almost always (99% of its time) been like this, and this is where it should stay in line with WP policy - now stop trying to change it to something fewer of our readers will like!!!)
 * 13:35, 27 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Persian Empire   (rvv)
 * 13:18, 27 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Achaemenid dynasty   (let's appeal to the majority of readers. Can't you find something constructive rather than destructive to do, Sortan?)
 * 13:13, 27 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Julius Caesar   (let's allow the article to appeal to the majority, not a very small minority of potential readers)
 * 01:36, 27 September 2005 (hist) (diff) m Julius Caesar   (please stop this nonsense and leave this page as is, Sortan/CDThieme)
 * 01:33, 27 September 2005 (hist) (diff) m Achaemenid dynasty   (please stop this nonsense and leave this page as is, Sortan)
 * 15:55, 26 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Yoghurt   (rv - see the long discussions on the talk page about this:))
 * 13:46, 26 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Trajan   (rvv anon)
 * 13:38, 26 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Trajan   (rvv anon)
 * 13:34, 26 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Pompey   (rvv anon)
 * 13:32, 26 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Julius Caesar   (rvv anon)
 * 12:25, 26 September 2005 (hist) (diff) m Yoghurt   (consistency)
 * 06:28, 26 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Achaemenid dynasty   (rv - as per WP:MOS)
 * 01:44, 26 September 2005 (hist) (diff) m Achaemenid dynasty   (rvv)
 * 16:16, 25 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Julius Caesar   (restore original in line with WP policy - please do not change this)
 * 15:11, 25 September 2005 (hist) (diff) m Achaemenid dynasty
 * 01:44, 21 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Achaemenid dynasty   (rv Sortan, who really should find something more productive to do)
 * 16:18, 20 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Cheese   (rv - readability is important - and let's face it, this article will not exist in this form (if at all) in 50 years time - let's write for our readers)
 * 15:16, 20 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Cheese   ( →History - sp and one more tweak)
 * 15:13, 20 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Cheese   (The whole point is that these are not absolute dates and we shouldn't pretend they are - readability comes first. The dates have changed since first added - reinstituting the original dates - sources?)
 * 13:41, 20 September 2005 (hist) (diff) m Cheese   ( →History )
 * 13:40, 20 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Cheese   ( →History - revert earlier apparent vandalism)
 * 13:30, 20 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Achaemenid dynasty   (rv)
 * 03:01, 20 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Achaemenid dynasty   (rv unuseful change)
 * 14:51, 19 September 2005 (hist) (diff) Julius Caesar   (revert vandalism)
 * 12:47, 19 September 2005 (hist) (diff) m Julius Caesar   (reverting nonsense)
 * 02:35, 11 September 2005 (hist) (diff) m Cheese   ( →Cheese trivia )
 * 02:34, 11 September 2005 (hist) (diff) m Cheese   ( →History )
 * 03:31, 28 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Common Era   ( →Opposition )
 * 23:55, 26 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Common Era   (this is only a lead in to the three examples already given - reword if you want, but it's better to have some lead-in)
 * 14:01, 26 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Common Era   ( →Usage - there is no source for "most", so let's keep it with the easily demonstrable "some")
 * 13:59, 26 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Common Era   ( →Opposition )
 * 13:55, 26 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Common Era   ( →Opposition - expanding comments to note the reaction to the change to BCE by the Royal Ontario Museum)
 * 13:17, 26 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Common Era   (rv - Sortan is a troll (see his user contributions) - revert on sight)
 * 21:50, 23 August 2005 (hist) (diff) m Yuezhi   (as per talk)
 * 09:40, 21 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Zoroastrianism   (rv Sortan (which is a trolling account - as per user contributions))
 * 09:39, 21 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Yuezhi   (although I disagree with your "rule", as Codex notes on the talkpage, this is the correct form if we were to apply that rule - it's also the globally understood standard)
 * 19:12, 20 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Zoroastrianism   (the anon appears to be right here - far more people will understand this version, so let's go with this)
 * 19:06, 20 August 2005 (hist) (diff) m Yuezhi   (a battle of anons - ah well, far more people will understand this version, so let's go with this)
 * 19:06, 20 August 2005 (hist) (diff) m Yuezhi   (a battle of anons - ah well, far more people will understand this version, so let's go with this)
 * 17:12, 20 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Names of the Greeks   ( →Contest between Hellenes, Romans, Greeks -  replace last comma with "and")
 * 10:23, 14 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Zoroastrianism   (I disagree - the international standard is BC - other terminology just isn't understood by the general public worldwide, and I'd have thought they were our audience when writing about a major religion)
 * 13:39, 12 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Common Era   ( →Other calendars in use - having stated proponents and opponents, we can hardly come down on the side of proponents (or indeed opponents) - I'm not sure this section belongs in this article anyway)
 * 01:28, 9 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Fu Hsi   (rv trolling account)
 * 22:09, 8 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Fu Hsi   (rv trolling account)
 * 15:54, 8 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Fu Hsi   (rv trolling account)
 * 10:43, 8 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Human rights in the United States   (restore deleted text - until and unless you gain acceptance for your proposes deletions on the talk page, please leave them here)
 * 14:45, 7 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Fu Hsi   (rv then respect the ceasefire and don't make these sort of changes)
 * 13:48, 7 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Fu Hsi   (rv I thought we were on a ceasefire for the time being- ie no-one changes anything)
 * 15:08, 6 August 2005 (hist) (diff) List of founders of major religions   (um, the miraculous thing about Jesus is his resurrection, not that he died before he was born:))
 * 16:29, 5 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Human rights in the United States   (improve introduction)
 * 16:22, 5 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Human rights in the United States   (rv wholesale deletion. It may be best to reword some of this, but outright deletion of referenced material seems extreme)
 * 15:16, 5 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Human rights in the United States   (rv removal of referenced information - the last editor wasn't removing vandalism but deleting evidence of human rights abuses he didn't want to read)
 * 14:20, 3 August 2005 (hist) (diff) Common Era   ( →Support - another user seems to prove this wrong on the talk page - if there's evidence to support it, please add it here)
 * 13:58, 3 August 2005 (hist) (diff) BCE   (consistency and expand explanation)
 * 01:50, 29 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Salome Alexandra   (rv silliness)
 * 01:50, 29 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Iodised salt   (rv - who reverts a spelling correction and consistency with the article title?)
 * 01:49, 29 July 2005 (hist) (diff) History of Crete   (rv silliness)
 * 01:47, 29 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Sunga Empire   (rv No Account)
 * 01:46, 29 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Dark Ages   (please stop this petty campaign)
 * 01:44, 29 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Kingdom of Khotan   (rv No Account)
 * 01:43, 29 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Civilizations in human history   (rv No Account)
 * 01:43, 29 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Year zero   (rv No Account)
 * 13:28, 28 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Sino-Roman relations   (rv - using language every English-reader understands in preference to language only a very small minority understand is hardly POV - plus, this article has been stable like this for ages, why disrupt?)
 * 06:54, 28 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Sino-Roman relations   (rv this page was stable before Sortan went on a trolling spree - let's use words used internationally though)
 * 01:01, 28 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Sino-Roman relations   (rv - article's been like this most of its life -plus international readers will only know this sty;e)
 * 13:20, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Iodised salt   (spelling)
 * 13:13, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Ptolemy V Epiphanes   (don't know why this change)
 * 12:58, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) History of West Eurasia   (actually to 11/6 it was like this, don't know why it was changed)
 * 12:47, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Proto-Canaanite alphabet   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 12:46, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Mughal Empire   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 12:46, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Suez Canal   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:27, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Salome Alexandra   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:24, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Biblical canon   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:23, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Hispania Tarraconensis   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:22, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Dodona   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:18, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Dark Ages   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:18, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Sagalassos   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:17, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Garamantes   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:17, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Avestan language   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:16, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Apollodotus I   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:13, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) West Azarbaijan   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:12, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Nabataeans   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:12, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Library of Alexandria   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:11, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Smyrna   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:10, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) History of Pakistan   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:07, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Prehistoric Sweden   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:06, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Asherah   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:06, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Stirrup   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:05, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Iudaea Province   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:04, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Numidia   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:02, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Sibyl   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:02, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Triumphal arch   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:02, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Augusta Raurica   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:02, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) History of West Eurasia   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:02, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Sabazios   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:01, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Pashtun   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:01, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Book of Han   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:00, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Advaita Vedanta   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:00, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Sanhedrin   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:00, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Al-Hirah   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 07:00, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Elephantine   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 06:58, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Kingdom of Khotan   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 02:14, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m James Beck
 * 01:40, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Year zero   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 01:22, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Salome Alexandra   (rv - there was no reason for that change)
 * 01:17, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) History of the alphabet   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 01:17, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Civilizations in human history   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 01:16, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Domestication   ( →Domestication of plants - consistency)
 * 01:13, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Proto-Canaanite alphabet   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 01:12, 27 July 2005 (hist) (diff) History of Sweden   (rv BCE/CE trolling account)
 * 12:47, 26 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Yoghurt   (no consensus for change - just perpetual arguments - best left at "yoghurt")
 * 02:24, 26 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Johannesburg   (Sortran, please read Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers), this sets out the guidelines we follow)
 * 02:12, 26 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Civilizations in human history   (No Account, please read Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers), this sets out the guidelines we follow)
 * 02:12, 26 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Ussher-Lightfoot Calendar   (No Account, please read Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers), this sets out the guidelines we follow)
 * 02:12, 26 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Philip II of Macedon   (No Account, please read Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers), this sets out the guidelines we follow)
 * 02:12, 26 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Alphabet   (No Account, please read Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers), this sets out the guidelines we follow)
 * 02:12, 26 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Salome Alexandra   (No Account, please read Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers), this sets out the guidelines we follow)
 * 02:12, 26 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m History of Crete   (No Account, please read Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers), this sets out the guidelines we follow)
 * 02:11, 26 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m History of the Americas   (No Account, please read Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers), this sets out the guidelines we follow)
 * 02:11, 26 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Olympias   (No Account, please read Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers), this sets out the guidelines we follow)
 * 02:11, 26 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Seleucid dynasty   (No Account, please read Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers), this sets out the guidelines we follow)
 * 02:11, 26 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Damascus   (No Account, please read Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers), this sets out the guidelines we follow)
 * 02:11, 26 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Heracles   (No Account, please read Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers), this sets out the guidelines we follow)
 * 02:05, 26 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Gandhara   (rv No Account, please read Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers), this sets out the guidelines we follow)
 * 02:04, 26 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Fu Hsi   (reverting changes made contrary to Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers) - please follow established WP guidelines)
 * 02:02, 26 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Pre-Socratic philosophy   (Sortran, please read Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers), this sets out the guidelines we follow)
 * 02:02, 26 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Modena   (Sortran, please read Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers), this sets out the guidelines we follow)
 * 15:04, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Johannesburg   ( →History - please keep this silly campaign off this page!)
 * 13:43, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) History of Crete   (rv change - noted on user's talkpage)
 * 13:42, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Alphabet   (rv change - noted on user's talkpage)
 * 13:42, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Modena   (rv change - noted on user's talkpage)
 * 13:42, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Pre-Socratic philosophy   (rv change - noted on user's talkpage)
 * 13:42, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Ancient Egypt   (rv change - noted on user's talkpage)
 * 13:42, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Philip II of Macedon   (rv change - noted on user's talkpage)
 * 13:42, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Civilizations in human history   (rv change - noted on user's talkpage)
 * 13:42, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Ussher-Lightfoot Calendar   (rv change - noted on user's talkpage)
 * 13:40, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Johannesburg   ( →History - improve wording - also correct apparent error)
 * 13:39, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Seleucid dynasty   (rv change - noted on user's talkpage)
 * 13:39, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Olmec   (rv change - noted on user's talkpage)
 * 13:38, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Damascus   (rv change - noted on user's talkpage)
 * 13:38, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Olympias   (rv change - noted on user's talkpage)
 * 13:38, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Gandhara   (rv change - noted on user's talkpage)
 * 13:38, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m History of the Americas   (rv change - noted on user's talkpage)
 * 13:32, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) List of founders of major religions   (rv overt politicking)
 * 13:09, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Elam   (rv again, yawn)
 * 13:08, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Olmec   (restore consistency per MoS)
 * 13:08, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Damascus   (restore consistency per MoS)
 * 13:08, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Olympias   (restore consistency per MoS)
 * 13:08, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Heracles   (restore consistency per MoS)
 * 13:08, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m History of Crete   (restore consistency per MoS)
 * 13:06, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Salome Alexandra   (restore consistency per MoS)
 * 07:09, 25 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Elam   (minor presentational tweaks)
 * 16:15, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Josephus   (rv Derek's experiment)
 * 15:24, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Aramaic alphabet   (rv as we should have consistency. I agree the way the article is currently worded suggests it is aimed at US academics, but wouldn't it be better to modify it for a general worldwide audience?)
 * 15:19, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Year zero   (I)
 * 15:18, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Josephus   (remove date notifiers as not required - see talk)
 * 13:59, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Year zero   (no need to say the same thing twice (especially as those understanding the second mention will already have understood the first mention))
 * 13:53, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) List of founders of major religions   (restore commonsense)
 * 13:36, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) List of founders of major religions   (restoring consistency (per MoS guidance) - Zora, please stop your campaign to enforce US political correctness on us all)
 * 13:30, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Olmec   (consistency)
 * 13:29, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Heracles   (consistency)
 * 13:28, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Alphabet   (consistency)
 * 13:27, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m History of the Americas   (consistency)
 * 13:27, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Gandhara   (consistency)
 * 13:25, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Damascus   (consistency)
 * 13:25, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Olympias   (consistency)
 * 13:24, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Salome Alexandra   (consistency)
 * 13:21, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Modena   (consistency)
 * 13:20, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Aramaic alphabet   (consistency)
 * 13:19, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Proto-Canaanite alphabet   (consistency)
 * 13:19, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Year zero
 * 13:18, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m History of Crete   (consistency)
 * 13:17, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Seleucid dynasty   (consistency)
 * 13:16, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Philip II of Macedon   (Ben really should have known better than to do this)
 * 13:09, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Middle kingdoms of India   (consistency)
 * 13:08, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Old Kingdom   (consistency)
 * 13:07, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m List of Indian mathematicians   (consistency)
 * 13:06, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m List of founders of major religions   (consistency)
 * 13:05, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Ussher-Lightfoot Calendar   (consistency)
 * 13:05, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Elam   (rv - if you'd bothered to check the diffs, you'd have seen it was a quite thorough copyedit!)
 * 13:05, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Elam   (rv - if you'd bothered to check the diffs, you'd have seen it was a quite thorough copyedit!)
 * 13:04, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Pre-Socratic philosophy   (consistency)
 * 13:01, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Ancient Egypt   (consistency)
 * 13:00, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Civilizations in human history   (consistency)
 * 12:57, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Sunga Empire   (consistency)
 * 12:57, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Josephus
 * 12:18, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Fu Hsi   (rv anon)
 * 07:56, 24 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Fu Hsi   (this shouldn't have been changed)
 * 07:40, 22 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Elam   (copyedit)
 * 17:07, 19 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Fu Hsi   (please read talk and discuss this here rather than jumping to conclusions)
 * 15:38, 19 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Fu Hsi   (see talk)
 * 15:20, 19 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Fu Hsi   (see talk)
 * 02:05, 16 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Fu Hsi   (rv Maureen, this article has always used BC notation except briefly when Sunray added new info and I made it consistent again - please leave as is)
 * 14:41, 14 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Fu Hsi   (rv this is the Fu Hsi page, not the Taoism page - how come he's listed as being 113/4 anyway?)
 * 14:19, 14 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m 29th century BC   ( →Significant persons - consistency)
 * 14:19, 14 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Fu Hsi   (consistency)
 * 14:18, 14 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m 28th century BC   ( →Significant persons - consistency)
 * 14:59, 13 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Human rights in the United States   (there's not one year in America's history where this can't be demonstrated)
 * 14:51, 13 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Human rights in the United States   (clarification)
 * 14:50, 13 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Human rights in the United States   ( →Freedom of expression - trying to add balance - note that what the law is and what happens in practice are two very different things)
 * 04:41, 10 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Elam   (restore original - as noted already on talk)
 * 02:45, 9 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Elam   ( →History )
 * 02:33, 9 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Elam   ( →References - oops)
 * 02:33, 9 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Proto-Elamite   (making a redirect (having merged the article into "Elam"))
 * 02:33, 9 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Elam   ( →References - add source from Proto-Elamite page that I'm merging)
 * 02:32, 9 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Elam   ( →History - inverting the history section and merging the stub on Proto-Elamite)
 * 02:28, 9 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Elam   (moving all the bits on the Elamite language together and to the end)
 * 02:25, 9 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Elam   (moving list of rulers to List of rulers of Elam)
 * 02:25, 9 July 2005 (hist) (diff) List of rulers of Elam   (starting with information redacted from Elam)
 * 02:18, 9 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Elam   ( →Elamite studies - removing section, see talk)
 * 02:17, 9 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Elam   (improve readability of the lead section)
 * 02:12, 9 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Proto-Elamite   (copyedit)
 * 13:16, 8 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Elam   ( →Elamite studies )
 * 13:14, 8 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Elam   ( →List of rulers - copyedit)
 * 13:12, 8 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Elam   ( →Elamite influence on the Achaemenids - copyediting)
 * 13:10, 8 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Elam   ( →Neo-Elamite Period - copyedit)
 * 13:09, 8 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Elam   ( →Middle Elamite Period - copyedit)
 * 13:05, 8 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Elam   ( →Old Elamite Period - copyediting)
 * 12:59, 8 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Elam   (partial copyedit)
 * 17:29, 6 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Elam   (consistency)
 * 16:30, 3 July 2005 (hist) (diff) m Persian Empire   (consistency)
 * 12:32, 3 July 2005 (hist) (diff) Elam   (as per talk)
 * 15:19, 30 June 2005 (hist) (diff) Elam   (rv Codex is right - SC, you should not be making unilateral changes)

title: User:Sortan/Jguk's Era Related Edits


text:
Malu (disambiguation)

Malu is a type of Samoan tattoo.

Malu may also refer to:

People

 * Malú (born 1982), Spanish singer
 * Jonathan Malu (born 1993), basketball player
 * Malu Dreyer (born 1961), German politician
 * Malu Trevejo (born 2002), Cuban-American singer

Romania

 * Malu, Giurgiu, a commune in Giurgiu County
 * Malu, a village in Bârla Commune, Argeș County
 * Malu, a village in Godeni Commune, Argeș County
 * Malu, a village in Sfântu Gheorghe Commune, Ialomiţa County
 * Malu, a village in Stoilești Commune, Vâlcea County

Elsewhere

 * Malu, Queensland, a locality in Australia
 * Malu, Shanghai, China
 * Malu Station, Shanghai Metro
 * Malu, Nepal
 * Malu'u, a village in the Solomon Islands

title: Malu (disambiguation)


text: User talk:203.23.42.50

title: User talk:203.23.42.50