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Talk:Python (programming language)/Archive 1

Some old comments
Python is described in "it transparently supports bignum arithmetic". "bignum" is defined as encompasing both arbitrarily large integers and rational numbers. Python does not yet provide for rational number arithmetic.

I don't believe Python supports Functional programming, as in Prolog or somesuch. It supports function-based programming... meaning that your program is just composed of functions not organized into classes and objects. I have gotten the two confused in the past, and I suspect that this is what happened here.

Or does Python really support functional programming? Is there some add-on package that allows this? I wasn't aware of one. -- ansible

Yes, Python really does have some built-in functional programming features such as "map", "filter", "reduce" and a somewhat limited "lambda", although I've read that Guido van Rossum now regrets including these features in the language. As a more readable and "Pythonic" alternative, "list comprehensions" were more recently introduced into the language and can often be used instead of the older functional programming constructs.

 * I for one do not believe very much in language purity, and I say that as someone who admires Scheme. Fiddly distinctions such as "object-oriented" vs. "object-based", or "functional" vs. "function-based" vs. "pure-functional" are, simply put, religious disputes. As such, they may merit being mentioned in Wikipedia (as do real religious disputes) but should not be taken too seriously.

 * I consider functional programming, like object-oriented programming, to be chiefly a style of programming -- i.e. something that programmers do, not something that languages do. A language can allow a style of programming, or can even attempt to mandate its use (e.g. Scheme; Java), but it is the program which has a style not the language. It is in this light which I wrote in the subject article that "Object orientation and structured programming are supported, as well as functional programming."

 * (It is possible to write an imperative-style program in the "functional language" Scheme using begin and do, or an object-oriented program in the "structured language" ANSI C. It isn't possible to write a functional program in Pascal, though, since you can't pass around functions.)

 * Of course Python does not attempt to be a "pure-functional language" i.e. a language which requires programmers to use functional constructs. Nevertheless, it still permits the style in the large, by (for instance) permitting functions as values, generators, continuations, etc. --FOo

 * "List comprehensions" may be more Pythonic, but how are they more readable? I find map, filter, and co. to be extremely readable and intuitive, much more so than the new list comprehensions.  Unfortunately, GvR doesn't agree with me on that...

--- I do not think Python is 'strongly influenced' by Perl. In fact the design philosophy is diametrically opposite in some senses.pasokan
 * Let's see -- Python's an interpreted/bytecode-compiled language, with mixed type arrays, garbage collection, hashes/dicts as a basic type, a big standard library with support for Unix calls ... it has a lot in common with Perl. A large portion of the Python user base are "converts" from Perl. Python also self-consciously eschews Perl-like syntax, which is a different way of being "influenced" by Perl! --FOo

I'm not sure if we should say that Python is strongly typed. It provides a lot of implicit conversions (eg, between numeric types, between string types) and makes common use of functions accepting any one of a group of related types (any sequence, or any 'file-like object'). It doesn't make it easy to derive a new type from an old one without making it compatible (eg, you can't easily make a new integer type which isn't comparable with the standard Integer). Matthew Woodcraft
 * This is true. Python has a large number of distinct types (integers, floats, long integers, bignums, complex, e.g.) but converts implicitly among them all. I suppose you could say that Python has a complicated system of types, but isn't "strongly typed" ... especially since a lot of folks read "strongly" as "statically". --FOo

- Hfastedge -- Please take more care when editing this article. Your point that Python is dynamically typed has already been integrated with the article and does not need to be repeated. A few of your other points were erroneous or misleading, which is why they were removed. Please take the time to understand this and do not simply add them again.

Your statement that Python programs are "interpreted, not compiled" is simply false. Python -- like Java and Perl -- is a bytecode-compiled language. Compilation is implicit before execution of uncompiled scripts, which is why a new Python user might not have noticed its existence. However, it's there; it's how Python works; and yes, compiler errors are distinct from runtime errors. Compiled Python files have the extension .pyc, or .pyo if optimized. If you've never seen one, you haven't used Python for very long.

Python is a dynamically typed language, because that is how it is designed. It is neither a mistake nor an accident. Talking about this as if it is something suitable to "change" with a "paradigm shift" is not talking about Python, it is talking about your opinion of dynamic vs. static typing.

Your claims regarding "massive projects" vs. "rapid prototyping" are ill-advised in the light of the many massive projects that have been written quite successfully in dynamically typed languages (including Python). If you would like to discuss advantages and disadvantages that critics perceive in static and dynamic type-systems, you might want to do so on the pages for those subjects.

In addition, I suggest strongly that you study the writing style of other Wikipedia articles, as it will help you to integrate your work more fully with an article. You might particularly want to watch your use of links -- introducing a link with "here is:" is rough anywhere on the Web. Namespaces are not created lightly. Also, needless indentation turning a Wiki document into a piece of flat text are not desirable. --FOo

 * substantively?. Ok here: about the above stuff, theres no need for me to reply as I agree more of less with your changes. Although .pyc are simply compiled to bytecode, and python barely does any kind of optimization, so you really like to toot your own horn.

 * re the new, more relevant stuff, I feel that unit testing should be mentioned directly with the explanation of pythons type system, and that some points of the culture list should be included on the page.

Hfastedge 09:05 18 Jun 2003 (UTC)

- A fine general article as the the features of Python, but (unless I'm to tired to notice it) there doesn't seem to be a mention of the uses of Python as a glue language, either with C/C++ using a SWIG interface or with Java in the form of Jython. The stuff about Python vs. Java, whilst being a fair enough comparison, maybe misleads into thinking that their use is in direct competition, whereas they can play complementary roles in development. I'd be tempted to make these comments but I'm (a) rather too new to wikipedia to chance it and (b) way too tired at the moment. But I think this stuff is worth mentioning. sobekhotep

Inheritance
From what I read, Python has inheritance but no access control (public, private,...). Can someone ellaborate on OOP in Python? -- Error

 * Python has inheritance, including multiple inheritance. It has limited support for private variables using name mangling. See the "Classes" section of the tutorial for details.

 * From the tutorial: As is true for modules, classes in Python do not put an absolute barrier between definition and user, but rather rely on the politeness of the user not to "break into the definition."

 * OOP doctrines such as the use of accessor methods to read data members are not enforced in Python. Just as Python offers functional programming constructs but does not attempt to demand referential transparency (contra Scheme), it offers (and extensively uses!) its object system but does not demand OOP behavior (contra Java). --FOo 04:58, 2 Sep 2003 (UTC)

Collection types
Python 2.3 now comes with an un-ordered collection type, the set. I too will refrain from adding to the Python Wiki page as I cannot match the high standard of the article. - Paddy3118

Added link to Aspect oriented programming for the types of programming styles that Python offers. See this article or this google search for support. Hyakugei

Are there enough users who like both to mention them in this article?
Now this is a beautifully written page with very high technical value. I am afraid though that there is a little bit of personal oppinion in the philosophy section (and that seems almost normal :) By judging the comments my point of view was confirmed. For what seems to be the technical influence between Perl and Python there is IMHO more than enough evidence to claim a relationship. When it comes to the point of view of the users I think it might be a good idea to outline that there are two groups of people, myself being part of the second one, and I would love if this second group could be mentioned in this article. My idea would be to write something as follows:

"It is interesting to notice that given the aforementioned similarities [between Perl and Python] there are some who consider them very much different in style and quality. Some others like both languages for their qualities and would rather prefer to see the two languages evolve together".

But great work, really great work.

Robert Dober robert.dober@free.fr 195.167.202.147 16:39, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Python History
Hi, Pythoners. Over at object oriented programming, I wrote the following:

Python and Ruby are relatively recent languages that were built from the ground up with OOP...

I have recently read some conflicting statements about object based functionality only being added in version 2.2. Over at python.org, I was't able to find anything that specifically mentioned whether or not object orientation was in the language from the beginning. Would anyone know? Thanks. AdmN 21:16, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * AFAIK, Python was object oriented from the start, or at least from very early on. However, types (int, str, etc) and user classes were separate things (e.g. you couldn't make a class that inherited from int) until 2.2. Fredrik | talk 21:26, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

What about Parrot ?
Shouldn't be Parrot, the common framework for Python and Perl be mentioned ?

Maybe it's an attempt of Perl to devour Python, maybe it's just a joke... However, it received attention of several important programmers. For instance, Perl creator.

Hgfernan 22:38, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)

What About TIM Peters and his Pythonic Thesis?
I think that if we are talking about Philosopy of Python we should mention Tim Peters Pythonic Thesis I wrote a quick page on him and his Python Thesis, perapsh this should be included too?

Formatting of C examples
An anon user removed all but the outermost braces from the example of the factorial function written in C. I have reverted it back for the time being because I'm not sure the anon's version is correct, or clear, whereas the pre-edit version is both.

Is it correct?

The statement blocks from which the anon removed the braces were blocks of one statement each. Since I have not written C code in a decade, my knowledge is rusty; I believe this may be technically correct, that you may omit the braces from a statement block only if there's only one statement in the block. However, I am not sure on this point.

Is it clear?

Even if the code as the anon edited it is compiler-correct, it is misleading; the entire point of the comparison is that Python uses indentation, as opposed to punctuation, which is what C uses in every case except single-statement blocks, where it becomes optional.

What should we do about it?

In the short term, I have reverted, as previously mentioned. However, in the long term, we should perhaps decide between three alternatives (assuming that omission of braces is in fact legal in C for single-statement blocks):

The code as it was before the anon edit. The disadvantage is that it does not show the one instance in C where a programmer may choose to omit the braces. The advantage is that it more accurately reflects the general practices of C. Since the article is about Python and not C, the disadvantages don't strike me as too significant in this case.

The code as it was after the anon edit. The disadvantage is that it does not show one possible way a C programmer might format their code in the one case where they have a choice. The advantage is that it is more accurate, at least in terms of how a C programmer might format (many programmers choose to format consistently in the style that is always allowed, even when they language offers a choice.)

A different example that requires multiple-statement blocks. The disadvantage is that it would require careful selection of a new example. The advantage is that it would not be an artificial example. This doesn't strike me as too much of an advantage; don't hundreds of computer text books demonstrate basic principles by showing the bubble sort, despite the notorious inefficiency of the bubble sort?

I think on the whole my recommendation is for the first alternative, but if anyone disagrees, please bring up the issue here.

-- Antaeus Feldspar 18:26, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Good practice in C uses braces here, so that a later addition to the then-clause does the right thing. Moreover, the distinction being raised is between punctuated blocks (C) and indented blocks (Python), so braces are needed. I think the code is fine as it aws (with the braces) -- an example using multiple-statement blocks is harmless but I do not think it is necessary. —FOo 19:24, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Sorry for the removal of the braces in the first place. I made the change facetiously to try to raise the point that it was a poor example since it was valid without the braces. When I first read the comparison of Python code and C code, it did not clearly communicate to me the difference between the two, because I (as a seasoned C programmer) immediately saw that I could remove those braces.  Without the knowledge that Python is indentation based, I (as having no prior knowledge of Python) was momentarily confused since it would be natural to assume (to a C programmer) that perhaps it didn't require braces since it only consisted of one statement.  Of course, having read the rest of the text, I realised the point that was being attempted to be made, but isn't the intention of the example to make it obvious?  I think that, although the page is about Python, since the comparison is with C, the example should be clear to C programmers what the intented point was.  — The anon that made the change 11:23, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I think the whole problem is caused by formatting the C example in the same fashion as the Python version. If you re-write the C version in a single line, converting all whitespace to single spaces, you might get the idea across better. HTH HAND --Phil | Talk 12:33, Sep 22, 2004 (UTC)

Example
I have not made this change in the main article in order that someone more familiar with Python can confirm the correctness of the example. --Phil | Talk 12:48, Sep 22, 2004 (UTC) int factorial(int x) { if (x == 0) { return 1; } else { return x * factorial(x-1); } } is syntactically equivalent to: int factorial(int x) { if (x == 0) { return 1; } else { return x * factorial(x-1); } }
 * Factorial function in C:

def factorial(x): if x == 0: return 1 else: return x * factorial(x-1) is not equivalent to: def factorial(x): if x == 0: return 1 else: return x * factorial(x-1)
 * Factorial function in Python:

 * Just to present an alternative for consideration, what about presenting both C examples? Show the   single-line version, show the braced version, then compare them with the Python version.

 * Note that I don't necessarily advocate this alternative, I just suggest it's one of our options. After the point that Fubar brought up, I think it's probably best to show two examples formatted according to best practice for the respective language, even if that causes confusion for the occasional reader who (sorry, anon) doesn't read the article to understand the difference that the examples demonstrate.  -- Antaeus Feldspar 17:04, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * No apology necessary. I did read the article and understand the difference that the example demonstrated.  My point was that the example did not make the article any clearer.  This defeats the purpose of having an example.  I still maintain it's a bad example until it clearly shows how C syntax is not influenced by whitespace and Python syntax is.  I would suggest an example such as:

 * Example in C (poor indentation):

if (x == 0) x = 100; y = 100; /* Syntactically legal, but misleading indentation; y is assigned the value 100 regardless of the condition */

 * Example in C (good indendation, identical meaning as the

above): if (x == 0)    x = 100; y = 100;

 * Example in Python

if x == 0: x = 100 y = 100 # No confusion possible, y only assigned the value 100 if the x == 0 condition was true

 * Example in Python (different meaning due to indentation):

if x == 0: x = 100 y = 100 # y is assigned regardless of the x == 0 condition outcome

 * I realise that the above examples aren't worded particularly well, they're just intended to illustrate my point in this discussion. If I am alone on this then I gracefully admit my error in judgement. Kind regards, no longer anonymously Chris Young 04:37, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)

- Just want to point out that this is a rather poor way to implement a factorial function. The number of recursions is very quickly exceded.

 * That's not surprising. The point is not to implement an efficient factorial function, it's to show the operation of the language. -- Antaeus Feldspar 02:54, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Feldspar, I am not convinced. Please supply better proof. 216.153.214.94 03:49, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Wow, Not-Rex-Really, you sure have found a lame and sad way to spend your time. -- Antaeus Feldspar 04:38, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Certainly, a better way to show the operation of the language would be

fac = lambda x: reduce(lambda a,b: a*b, xrange(1, x+1)) ;)
 * This is anti-Python; code that you can't read and maintain. What is a? What is b? Even the variable name is not clear - fac?

For the record, this performs pretty much identically (I timed both with a couple of numbers between 10 and 100000) to

def fac(x): product = 1 for n in xrange(1, x+1): product *= n       return product

-- Fredrik | talk 04:32, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * This is a fascinating discussion and further clarifies a number of differences between the languages. Perhaps it should be edited into its own page? John Elder 19:01, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Although its only an example for indentation, the code could be simplified. There is not point in the "if else" in this case, its a one branch conditional.

Factorial function in C: int factorial(int x) { if (x == 0) return 1; return x * factorial(x - 1); }

Factorial function in Python: def factorial(x): if x == 0: return 1 return x * factorial(x - 1)

This can be "simplified" to: def factorial(x): return x == 0 and 1 or x * factorial(x - 1) But this code is less readable. Its not clear what is the exit condition, you have to "parse" the line to understand it.

Adventurous editing
It is possible that my last edit didn't improve the article in all respects. Comments would be welcome.

Three lines were removed; I'll motivate why here:
 * A comparison between C++ and Python with a lengthy example.
 * The above article is unencyclopedic. I'm going to list it on VfD.
 * Followup: after vfd discussion I moved Python vs C Plus Plus example to Talk:Python programming language/Python vs C Plus Plus example, and talk:Python vs C Plus Plus example to Talk:Python programming language/Talk:Python vs C Plus Plus example. Hth, Wile E. Heresiarch 05:22, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Here is a list of articles with Python programs.
 * The above list belongs in the Wikipedia: namespace. Ditto about VfD.

 * Some of the software used to control the scoreboard at the Melbourne Cricket Ground is written in Python.
 * This fact seems trivial. Python, like every other major programming language, is used in many different places. Maybe this is worth mentioning in the Melbourne Cricket Ground article, but as far as I can see, it's not particularly relevant to Python itself. Fredrik | talk 17:49, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I abstain on the other edits (leaning towards agreement) but this one I disagree with. You know and I know that Python is a major programming language, and we have a good idea of just how major, but we're aiming at a reader who doesn't know.  I think if anything, we should be editing in more places where Python is known to be used, so that the reader gets a real sense of just how widely used it is.  -- Antaeus Feldspar 18:56, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Hmm, there are some confusing, misleading or plain wrong statements in this article:

 * The statements about logical operators are confusing and misleading for a number of reasons;
 * Python 2.2 didn't change the truth values of objects, and it's been possible to overload operators since before 1.5.2: it's not a new thing.
 * Python doesn't support continuations. (It does allow continuation passing style, of course, and the dialect Stackless Python used to support them; but the mainstream language does not.)

(I know should fix the article; but if I don't get around to finishing that, at least my objections are recorded.)

Python wants Python
I think it's about time that we move this page to Python. 9 out of Google's top 10 hits for the word "python" is to the language and the other one is for Monty Python. The real life snake just isn't interesting enough. Eric B. and Rakim 07:07, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Do C first. Nobody does a Google search for some boring letter. :) --FOo 15:21, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Wow! That's really cool. Searching for the other letters are also interesting. It seems like Google does something with the results so you get very strange results when searching for single letter stuff. Eric B. and Rakim 17:38, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Needless to say, Google and the web have a bias because they're dominated by a technical elite forming a tiny portion of the world's population. You could argue this doesn't matter, because these people are also our audience, but I offer a stronger objection: that generically-named articles should be on generic topics that anyone can understand, if possible. Even if the Water language were as popular as C, most people would be a lot more familiar with the wet stuff. Deco 04:08, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I can refute the "technical elite" argument right now, I think more about the other arguments later. Do a book search in a library or book store, search for Python. You will have hard time finding any living snakes. So it is not only Google and the www that has a bias and is part of a technical elite. It's the book publishers and librarians too. AND: "Python is the common name for the Boidae Family of nonvenomous constricting snakes—specifically the subfamily Pythonidae." <- biological elite. :) Eric B. and Rakim 17:38, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

As big a fan as I am, Python the language just does not have the prominence that would justify it displacing the very thing it was (indirectly) named after. -- Antaeus Feldspar 19:52, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Confusing statement about docstrings

 * However, if the block that is being out-commented contains docstrings it wont work and the code wont run.

What is that supposed to mean? - Fredrik | talk 02:43, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Imagine this:

def foo: """Hi foo"""

"docstringing" it out:

""" def foo:      """Hi foo"""  """

The compiler will throw a SyntaxError at "Hi foo" because it thinks that is the code. Ok badly phrased, but the essence is that commenting using docstrings is bad. :) Eric B. and Rakim 02:55, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * That is not a problem with Python docstrings specifically, but with nested open/close-marked comment in general. Consider the following C example:

/* int function {  /* Returns 0*/ return 0; } */

 * In fact, Python gives even you a way to avoid the problem; using ''' for the outer comment.

 * The statement as it stands is too vague as it does not explain "wont work", and as explained above inaccurate. In fact I don't think it's worth mentioning at all, because it is a trivial syntax error. You also get a syntax error if you nest parentheses incorrectly, but we don't mention that -- for good reasons. Fredrik | talk 00:33, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Removal of reference to Oz as a multi-paradigm language
The reference to Oz I had introduced a few months ago as a multi-paradigm language (like Python & Perl) has been removed and I can't see any discussion on the reason for this. Oz is considered by many as the most multi-paradigm language in existence today. Oz is the language used within the new book Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming, MIT press. This book is already considered a classic, and possibly the equivalent of Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, by Sussman & Abelsson. See Lambda The Ultimate site for many references to this book. I therefore bring the reference to Oz back in the Python page.

Parameter Passing
The explanation of parameter passing in Python needs work. It is a common confusion to say that Python passes values by reference (even among experienced Pythonistas), but GvR explains it correctly in his tutorial. Basically, all parameters are passed by value, but object values are references. The reason this becomes an issue is that mutable objects appear to be passed by reference. Non-mutable objects such as numbers and strings don't show this behavior. What doesn't seem to be commonly understood is that the same issue shows up with assignment:
 * x = [1, 2, 3]
 * y = x
 * x[:] = [3, 2, 1]
 * print y

It's also a bit awkward to say that Python variables "contain" values. Python variables actually bind names to values which isn't the same thing. Looked at that way, you can see that after y = x, y and x are different names bound to the same value. Mutating the object bound to x will naturally affect the object bound to y -- it's the same object. That list isn't contained in two different places, it just has two different names.--Quale 21:01, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * To me, saying that you're passing a value that is a reference just seems like an awkward way of saying that you're passing a reference. Fredrik | talk 07:58, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * It seems that way to many people, but it's incorrect. The inventor of Python would say Python passes by reference if it was an accurate description of what Python does.  Consider this:
 * def foo(x):
 * x = [3, 2, 1]
 * y = [1, 2, 3]
 * foo(y)
 * print y
 * If a reference to y was passed to foo then y would be changed to [3, 2, 1] after the foo(y) call. It isn't.  Python like Java, Scheme and most other modern languages, passes parameters by value.  The problem is that many people don't understand what values are in those languages.  The value is really just an object.  It isn't really a reference, although many people say they find it easier to think of it that way.  I wonder if it really does help considering how confused they are about how parameters are passed.  The other common confusion is that many people mistakenly think that passing by value requires making copies.--Quale 17:00, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * What I meant is of course that *objects* are passed by reference. I don't think of variables themselves as being passed around at all - I just think of them as dictionary lookups in locals, globals etc... - Fredrik | talk 18:04, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, all values in Python are objects, so everything gets passed the same way. You would have to say that Python objects are assigned by reference too, because values are passed and assigned the same way.--Quale 01:56, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Yep, that's what I say. Fredrik | talk 07:12, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * OK. Now add the fact that the definition of call-by-value is that the value passed is the same kind of value that is used for the right hand side of an assignment and you will correctly conclude that Python is CBV.  For call-by-reference, the value passed is the value that's used on the left hand side of an assignment.  A college programming language theory or compiler class will discuss l-values and r-values. --Quale 07:33, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the explanation. Fredrik | talk 07:41, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * If someone wants to know what Python really uses, do a literature search for call-by-object-reference and/or call-by-sharing (see CLOS papers for early use of these terms). While saying that Python uses call-by-value is slightly less misleading than saying that Python uses call-by-reference, it's not CBV in any of the traditional senses.

 * Quale, would you mind taking a look at Call-by-something? It's a mess and really needs to be cleaned up by someone who knows what they're talking about, and it seems like you have the knowledge.  -- Antaeus Feldspar 18:22, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Funny you should mention that. I looked at parameter (computer science) earlier today and it isn't good.  I'll take a crack at it probably in the next couple of days.  As you know it's hard to explain.  It's made a little harder by the fact that practicing programmers use the terms a lot more loosely than computer science language theorists do.  The distinctions are  subtle and many extremely competent programmers who aren't theorists find the definitions have consequences that they find counterintuitive (such as Python, Java and Pascal all being call-by-value languages).--Quale 01:56, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * What I find remarkable is that understanding these (seemingly complicated) parameter binding mechanisms becomes trivial once you've implemented them. Maybe a pseudocode implementation would be desirable on parameter (computer science) for each mechanism? 11:48, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The parameter (computer science) section on call-by-something now lives at evaluation strategy, in case anyone is actually still reading this thread. --bmills 03:40, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Related page moves
I moved Python (disambiguation) to Python and Python to Python (snake) to make the Wikipedia easier to navigate. A large number of the python links were about the language and this will reduce the average number of clicks to get around. I know some people here would have liked this article to become the main Python page, but I think that's a bit computer programmer centric and would simply reverse the problem. I followed the example of Cobra.

Still, the existing links to Python that are about the language should be fixed to point directly to this article. Daniel Quinlan 09:40, Mar 8, 2005 (UTC)

continuations as functional?
Sayeth the article:

 * Because Python permits functions as arguments, it is also possible to partially simulate more subtle functional constructs, such as the continuation.

In what sense are continuations "functional"? ISTM they are imperative, in the sense that they are a facility for manipulating control flow. Neilc 12:50, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Maybe you should ask at Talk:Continuation? -- Antaeus Feldspar 01:34, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * There's no meaningful sense in which normal Python supports continuations. I shall remove this comment from the article. -- ciphergoth 10:15, 2005 Apr 2 (UTC)

 * Could you explain Denys Duchier's article "Continuations Made Simple and Illustrated" then? --FOo 17:15, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * FOo, it looks like Duchier is showing how Python can currently be used to simulate continuations -- but this doesn't mean that continuations are part of the language. For instance, you could simulate a GOTO in Python with something like the following:

if not (shouldGOTOLine500): # line 470 furble(x)           # line 480 quimble(y)          # line 490 foobaz(x,y)             # line 500

 * but it wouldn't be a GOTO, merely a simulation of one. In the same sense, you can simulate continuations by rewriting your code, and certain language features like exception handling and generators work in continuation-like ways -- but continuations, like GOTOs, are not a feature present in the language.

 * Warning: I may be completely wrong about all this, as I do not claim to be an expert on continuations or anything near expert. -- Antaeus Feldspar 00:45, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Sounds reasonable. My impression was that Duchier was trying to illustrated something like continuation passing style (CPS). It would be rather absurd to claim that first-class continuations (call/cc) are in Python. However, Python exceptions are equivalent to escape continuations -- see continuation for the distinction -- and are used as such, for instance in the Mailman mailing list manager.

 * As for whether continuations are a functional-programming feature ... It's my impression that CPS and first-class continuations are generally regarded as related to functional programming, but that exceptions are no more connected to functional than to structured programming. --FOo 02:29, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Printing example
This looks simpler:

def add_and_print_maker(x): def temp(y): print x, "+", y, "=", x+y return temp

Than:

def add_and_print_maker(x): def temp(y): print "%d + %d = %d" % (x, y, x+y) return temp

 * A valid point. But they operate differently. Your simpler example will properly function with strings (catenation, not addition), but the example as listed will throw an error. The comparison of the two functions is worth keeping around, as well as a discussion of their differences - does the formatted print statement run faster or slower than the catenated one? John Elder 19:08, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

and PyAlaMode, an IDE for Python created by Orbtech, a company specializing in Python. ??
since when wikipedia does free ad to company. or is PyAlaMode a necessity to someone. PLEASE REMOVE THAT and put PyGTK or PyQT or whatever PyFOO u want, or just remove [cause you already have 2 exmaples nad it's enough]


text:
Cesium 137 (band)

Cesium_137 is an American futurepop musical group composed of Isaac Glendening and Vince Guzzardo. It originally also included Matt Cargill.

History
The group's first release was the album Advanced/Decay in 2001 on Tonedeaf Records. Its style was electro-industrial. It gained widespread attention, particularly with the moody dance track "Regrets", which was also released as a single and became a danceclub hit.

Soon after the September 11, 2001 attacks, Matt Cargill joined the U.S. military and was no longer available as a member of Cesium_137. Cesium_137 had a hiatus of three years before their next release.

That release was Elemental in 2004; it was issued with Metropolis Records, a much more prominent label than Tonedeaf. It was soon followed by an E.P. release, Luminous, also in 2004 on Metropolis; it composed largely of remixed material from Elemental. Cesium_137's style was much mellower and synthpop inspired and less angst-ridden on these releases than on Advanced/Decay. In 2006, Cesium_137 released their album Intelligent Design. Like its predecessor, it was released by Metropolis.

Cesium_137 is named after a radioactive isotope of caesium. It continues a tradition in industrial music of incorporating a number in the band name, which became popular after the example of Front 242. It also continues the narrower tradition in industrial music of adopting the name of an isotope as the band name, as with Carbon 12 and Front 242 offshoot Cobalt 60.

In 2008, Cesium_137 released a digital single ("Flight") and a full-length album (Proof of Life). The album put a conscious emphasis on themes of self-exile, terminal illness and perseverance.

Following those releases, Guzzardo began writing music for a trance music project called plasmaMan; of which Glendening was the producer. As a self-released collection of music the plasma Man EP, tinged with their usual dry humor, is titled Option B.

In 2009, the duo released the full-length album, Identity. They performed several high-profile shows to promote the album, including a performance at The Kinetic Festival in Canada.

Discography
Studio albums
 * Advanced/Decay (2001)
 * Elemental (2004)
 * Intelligent Design (2006)
 * Proof of Life (2007)
 * Identity (2009)
 * Science and Sound (2012)
 * Rise to Conquer (2018)

Singles and EPs
 * The Art of Controlling and Composing (1999)
 * The Fall (2001)
 * Regrets (2001)
 * Luminous (2004)
 * Hollow (2006)
 * Flight (2008)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cesium 137 (band)


text: User talk:68.52.152.131

title: User talk:68.52.152.131


text:
Concrete (disambiguation)

Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate and a binder.

Concrete may also refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Concrete (comics), a comic book series by Paul Chadwick
 * Concrete (film), a 2004 Japanese film based on the Junko Furuta murder
 * Concrete (novel), a 1982 novel by Thomas Bernhard

Music

 * The Concretes, a Swedish indie pop band

Albums

 * The Concretes (album), 2003
 * Concrete (Fear Factory album), 2002
 * Concrete (Pet Shop Boys album), 2006
 * Concrete (Izzy Stradlin album), 2008
 * Concrete (Sunny Sweeney album), 2011
 * Concrete, by 999, 1981

Songs

 * "Concrete", by Shame
 * "Concrete", by As It Is from Never Happy, Ever After
 * "Concrete", by Crystal Castles from Amnesty (I)
 * "Concrete", by E-40 from Revenue Retrievin': Graveyard Shift
 * "Concrete", by Haley Blais from Wisecrack
 * "Concrete", by Lovejoy from Pebble Brain
 * "Concrete", by Poppy from I Disagree
 * "Concrete", by Teyana Taylor from The Album
 * "Concrete", by Tom Odell from Wrong Crowd

Publications

 * Concrete (student newspaper), at the University of East Anglia in Norwich
 * Concrete Magazine, a publication of The Concrete Society

Places in the United States

 * Concrete, Colorado, an unincorporated community and former factory town
 * Concrete, North Dakota, a community
 * Concrete, DeWitt County, Texas, an unincorporated community
 * Concrete, Guadalupe County, Texas, a former town
 * Concrete, Washington, a town

Other uses

 * Concrete (Alserkal Avenue), a building in Dubai
 * Concrete (perfumery), a product of solvent extraction from plants
 * Concrete (philosophy), the opposite of abstract
 * Concrete CMS, an open source content management system popularly called concrete
 * Concrete, a style of milkshake
 * Concrete category, in category theory

title: Concrete (disambiguation)


text:
Continental knitting

Knitting with the yarn in one's left hand is commonly referred to as Continental knitting, German knitting, European knitting, or left-hand knitting. Unlike English knitting, the yarn is held in the left hand. This allows advanced knitters to scoop the working yarn through without wrapping it around the needle first. This is often referred to as picking. Continental knitting is often preferred by hand-knitters, as it is among the more efficient methods, requiring the shortest number of specific hand motions per stitch.

Continental-style knitting, being associated with Germany, fell out of favour in English-speaking countries during World War II; its reintroduction in the United States has often been credited to Elizabeth Zimmermann.

Hand motions

The motion of the right wrist is used to slip the right needle into the loop of the stitch being knitted and 'scoop' or 'hook' the yarn onto the right needle. An alternative method of collecting the yarn involves using the thumb or index finger of the right hand to hold the yarn in place as the new stitch is being pulled out of the loop.

This knitting style is often easier to learn for people with crocheting experience, since the way the yarn is held in the left hand is similar to crochet, and the motion of the right hand is similar to the motion seen in crochet. One major difference in the motion of the right wrist is that in crochet the crochet hook may be held more like a pencil; this method of holding the knitting needle like a pencil was briefly made popular around 1900 because it was considered more ladylike. Nowadays, however, the majority of knitters hold both needles under the palm.

Yarn tension
The tension in the yarn is controlled by threading the yarn through the fingers of the left hand. Typically, the yarn is looped around the little finger and over the index finger. Some knitters only wrap the yarn around the index finger once or two times.

History
This style originated in continental Europe, specifically recognized in Germany, but is also found to a significant degree in the English-speaking world.

Other knitting styles include English knitting (aka right-hand knitting) and Combined knitting.

title: Continental knitting


text:
File:Monster Truck Madness BoxArt.gif

Fair use in Monster Truck Madness

 * 1) Developer has released no such images into the public domain, and a replacement image could not be created that would adequately provide the same information.
 * 2) The image is being used for no purpose other than to identify the subject of the article.
 * 3) The image resolution has been significantly decreased from the original, so copies made from it would be of inferior quality.
 * 4) The use of this image neither detracts from the game nor inhibits its salability in any way.

title: File:Monster Truck Madness BoxArt.gif


text:
Paulene Stone

Paulene Stone (born 10 May 1941) is a British former model. She was a Vogue cover girl who embodied Swinging London in the 1960s.

Early life and career
Born in Guildford, she left school at the age of 16 to work in central London, commuting daily from her home in Goring-by-Sea. After winning a modeling competition (the prize being £100 and a three-week course at the Cherry Marshall Modelling Agency), she began her career as a model. A 1960 photo that ran in the Daily Express of her crouching down with a squirrel led to a contract with Vogue magazine and also launched the career of the photographer David Bailey.

Personal life
In 1963, Stone married Tony Norris, with whom she had one daughter, Sophie Harvey. The couple divorced in 1967.

In 1969, Stone gave birth to actor Laurence Harvey's only child, Domino Harvey, while he was still married to Joan Perry. Stone eventually married Harvey in 1972, the marriage lasting only a year before his sudden death from cancer in 1973.

In 1978, Paulene Stone married Peter Morton, co-founder of the Hard Rock Cafe restaurant chain, and moved to Los Angeles. They had one son, restaurateur Harry Morton. They divorced in 1986.

Stone's fourth marriage, in 1995, was to actor Mark Burns to whom she remained married until his death in May 2007.

In Domino, the film about the life of Stone's daughter Domino, Paulene is played by actress Jacqueline Bisset. Stone, however, requested that her name not be used in the film and therefore the character was renamed Sophie Wynn.

title: Paulene Stone


text:
Category:Piers

This category includes articles about Piers in general.

Articles about specific piers (for example, Santa Monica Pier) can be found by looking in the subcategories of Category:Piers by country

title: Category:Piers


text:
Magnus Miller Murray

Magnus Miller Murray (February 22, 1787 – March 4, 1838), served as the mayor of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 1828 to 1830 and again from 1831 to 1832. Mayor Murray now rests in Section 19, Lot 29 of Allegheny Cemetery.

Early life
Murray was born in Philadelphia, to Commodore Alexander Murray and Mary Miller Murray. He was named after his maternal grandfather, Magnus Miller, a local merchant. He attended Pennsylvania University, earning both bachelor's and master's degrees in an era when many statesmen had only a grade school education. On January 6, 1806 he was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar. He married Mary Wilkens, daughter of John Wilkins, Jr. and Catherine Reagan Murray, on February 23, 1810.

Pittsburgh politics
Murray began politics as an understudy to his uncle, area judge and political insider William Wilkins.

Under Murray's mayoral administration, the Western Terminus of the Pennsylvania Canal was completed along the Grant Street corridor of the city. Murray was the first of a handful of Pittsburgh mayors to serve two non-consecutive terms in office, having to cede control of the mayor's office to Matthew B. Lowrie from 1830 to 1831, before regaining his mayoral powers.

Honors
Mayor Magnus Murray's son, James Butler Murray, President of the First Exchange Bank of Pittsburgh is remembered in the naming of Murray Avenue in Pittsburgh's Squirrel Hill neighborhood.

Membership
Member of The Society of the Cincinnati as the oldest male heir of Commodore Alexander Murray.

Other
His daughter, Julia N. Murray, married politician John V. Le Moyne. Murray is an ancestor of actress Julie Bowen.

title: Magnus Miller Murray


text: User talk:70.187.189.145

title: User talk:70.187.189.145


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/David Jennings

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Linuxbeak | Talk 19:11, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

David Jennings
Nonnotable bio, probable vanity. See also Yeti Photography, above. Delete. Dvyost 06:07, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy per non-notable bio provision of WP:CSD? --MarkSweep ✍ 06:11, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment In the Yeti Photography AfD J7 is making a claim for notability for the business (and by inference the owner); the way I understand the WP:CSD, any claim, even a seemingly hopeless one, has to be discussed here. There's no hurry.  =) --Dvyost 06:13, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn __earth 10:34, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete vanity. Alex.tan 04:17, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN--Bkwillwm 19:08, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Talk:Vacuum casting (elastomers)

title: Talk:Vacuum casting (elastomers)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Adam Valen Levinson

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Linuxbeak | Talk 19:12, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Adam Valen Levinson
Unverifiable bio, likely hoax. Page has been marked as possible vandalism since July. Adam's parents are listed as Gerald Levinson and Nanine Valen. Their son is apparently 16 years old, which doesn't agree with the 1789 birthdate given in Adam's article. For some inexplicable reason Levinson's children had been linked in his article, which was certainly an invitation for mischief. Quale 06:10, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The existence of a blogger of the same name makes me suspect hoax as well.  Delete unless verified.  --Dvyost 06:27, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. This is a hoax.  The article quotes "Levinson" as referring to "the Liberians" in 1807, although Liberia was not known as such at that time; settlement of freed slaves from the United States didn't begin until 1817. Also, the area was not being colonized by the French or other Europeans in 1807. --Metropolitan90 06:29, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. no wonder "He has slipped into the almost inescapable realm of insignificance." --Kewp (t) 06:44, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as soon as possible as a hoax. Hall Monitor 21:40, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as hoax. Capitalistroadster 00:50, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Centrifugal casting (silversmithing)

Spin casting
Isn't this the same process as Spin casting? --Satrughna02 (talk) 22:55, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

Rework, retitle, or ...?
I was rather surprised to find a section on "Glass" in an article titled "... (silversmithing)". After glancing at page history and other centrifugal_casting/spin_casting articles it seems that this page may just be the somewhat random dregs (remnants) left after moving other stuff to be featured on more focused pages—with preferential search listings. Not sure whether to retitle, fork off sections incongruent under current title, or (re)merge as sections within other centrifugal_casting/spin_casting articles. O_o

--Kevjonesin (talk) 01:16, 3 March 2014 (UTC)

Should be merged with other casting processes.
This page doesn't add anything that isn't already covered in Centrifugal_casting_(industrial)

Atrus6 (talk) 13:46, 20 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Except that they're totally different processes, used for very separate purposes. Andy Dingley (talk) 19:36, 20 December 2014 (UTC)


text:
American Indian Defense Association

The American Indian Defense Association (AIDA) was an organization founded in 1923 by social worker John Collier that fought to protect religious freedom and tribal property for Native Americans in the United States.

History of the AIDA

In the 1920s Antonio Luhan, a member of the Taos Pueblo, showed John Collier the poor living conditions in American Indian communities. In response to what he saw, Collier founded the American Indian Defense Association. For the next decade Collier headed Indian reform efforts, and in 1933 President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Collier as the new commissioner of Indian Affairs. Almost immediately Collier tried to change the government's direction by revitalizing American Indian life and culture.

AIDA was also set up in response to the 1921 and 1923 Leavitt Bill, also known as the Dance Order. This bill threatened to remove the right of Pueblo Indians to perform some of their traditional dances in New Mexico. The Bursum Bill of 1922 also posed a threat as it would authorize the acquisition of Pueblo lands. However, AIDA was able to block both bills successfully.

American Indian culture
American Indians culture had been stripped away by measures like the Dawes Act, which had ended tribal government and authorized the sale of tribal land to individuals. Between the years 1887 (the year the Dawes Act came into effect) and 1934 (known as the "Allotment era") the government took over 90 e6acre of tribal lands that were previously guaranteed to tribes by treaties and federal law. Henry Dawes, who authored the Dawes Act, was quoted as saying that to be civilized, one must "wear civilized clothes...cultivate the ground, live in houses, ride in Studebaker wagons, send children to school, drink whiskey and own property."

Antonio Luhan described how government policies and the Bureau of Indian Affairs commissioners who enforced them overwhelmed American Indian culture,

"We have got a real friend in John Collier. He really likes Indians. In past time, we had Commissioners against us who tried to stop our ceremony dances and our dances-religious. They nearly destroy us; call our ways bad or moral or something, and put in the paper they are going to stop us. But John Collier fight for us with the Indian Defense Association and he save us. Now, he look far ahead and it is like he is putting a wall all around us to protect us - and this Wheeler-Howard Bill is this wall. And no white man or grafter can come inside and take away our land or our religion which are connected together."

Indian Reorganization Act
To put these reform ideas into law, the United States Congress passed the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, which reversed the Dawes Act policy, and as described in section 3 of that act it was to "restore to tribal ownership the remaining surplus lands of any Indian reservation heretofore opened, or authorized to be opened, to sale, or any other form of disposal by Presidential proclamation, or by any of the public land laws of the United States". The Act provided funds to start tribal business ventures and to pay for the college education of young American Indians. The allotment process was halted and further losses of Indian land were halted. Tribes were encouraged to create strong tribal governments. Tribes were given the right to form constitutions, have self-government, and to form tribal corporations. A program to provide federal loan money for college and/or vocational school expenses was begun.

Criticism
Critics of the American Indian Defense Association complained that Collier had not obtained enough input from the tribes themselves in formulating policies, and that the programs decreased the power of women in some tribes. Still, two-thirds of the nation's American Indians tribes voted to participate in the new programs.

title: American Indian Defense Association


text:
Talk:William Upski Wimsatt

Wikipedia is not for reviews
I'm currently reading "Bomb the Suburbs" and I strongly recommend it to anyone out there. I look forward to reading his other books when done. I'm not sure if review of books is part of a valid article on an author, but I may try to add a bit to the article and see if it gets reverted... I'm thinking about adding a line about the essay mentioned several times in his first book "We use words like Mackadocious..." which sounds like a valueable and honest viewpoint on race relations and general hip-hop culture. I believe it's still relevant today (the Essay was published in May 1993) and worth reading. --Zeroasterisk 06:11, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

But yeah he's a powerful writer and yeah good books. It anything, start the articles for them, cuz there should be some. Xsxex 23:33, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Movement Voter Project
Would be cool if this article mentioned Wimsatt's work since 2016 on the Movement Voter Project. Here's a potential source: https://www.gazettenet.com/MVP-27310794 Graue (talk) 05:39, 19 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:William Upski Wimsatt


text:
Wikipedia:Mentorship

Mentorship is an arrangement in which one user assists another user, the protégé. Depending on the nature of the mentorship agreement, the mentor may give the protégé advice on more effective editing habits and help the protégé resolve disputes. The purpose of mentorship is to help the protégé adjust to Wikipedian site processes and standards.

Mentors are not advocates. Mentors may terminate the relationship if it proves ineffective and (in extreme cases) endorse dispute resolution or other proceedings regarding a former mentoree, although mentors may also speak up for a protégé who is making good progress or smooth over difficult situations that might otherwise end in administrative intervention.

When mentorship is related to disputes an effective mentor often plans conflict management strategies with the protégé; this conflict management is most effective when other Wikipedians interface with the mentor about developing issues and potential solutions. When mentorship arises as an outcome of the dispute resolution process, the mentor occasionally accepts formal supervisory powers over the protégé. When mentorship is effective, however, it functions in an atmosphere of mutual respect.

A mentor's responsibility
Mentors should keep in mind their great responsibility. They should get to know and advise their protégé, yet also be careful to avoid doing their protégé and Wikipedia a disservice by losing sight of their responsibility to Wikipedia. Their primary responsibility is to represent Wikipedia, not to represent their protégé.

A mentor is both an advisor and a supervisor and the protégé is the subordinate. Many protégés need a mentor because they have been involved in problematic behavior caused by their failure to understand our policies and guidelines. The mentor may even be in danger of being manipulated by a protégé who has a stronger psyche.

The mentor should not become an advocate to plead a cause, but rather advise and instill respect for our policies and the good of Wikipedia above the desires of the protégé. It is the job of the protégé to adapt to Wikipedia, not to demand that Wikipedia accommodate them as they are. The mentor's job is to teach and advise the protégé, not to coddle them.

Voluntary mentorship
Sometimes one or more experienced editors will take a newer user under their wing. In some cases, this might arise due to difficulties the new user is having with other users or with Wikipedia policies and guidelines. In other cases, the protégé simply feels they would benefit from the help of a more seasoned Wikipedia editor. Voluntary mentorship often arises spontaneously, as two or more editors naturally develop a mentorship-like relationship. A good place for new editors to receive voluntary mentorship is Adopt-a-user. In Adopt-a-user, adoption, a specific form of voluntary mentorship for new or inexperienced users, is practiced. Sometimes, mentorship is requested for special purposes, like learning new pages patrol or becoming prepared to be an administrator.

Among experienced users in difficult situations, mentorship often requires a substantial investment of time and effort. No formal mechanism exists for recruiting mentors in such scenarios, so it is best to seek a willing mentor and the agreement of the potential mentoree before putting forth mentorship as a serious alternative. Bear in mind that it is uncivil to attempt to volunteer other people's time and effort for work they have not agreed to perform. In other words, editors in good standing who think a mentorship might solve a problem should first consider undertaking the responsibilities themselves.

Involuntary mentorship

 * See: Keep it down to earth, on the futility of wishing mentors into existence

In dispute resolution, involuntary mentorship is a remedy in which one or more editors are assigned supervisory powers over another editor.

They may also have discretionary powers to modify or annul sanctions against the editor made by administrators under the terms of the decision. The precise terms of the mentorship, as well as the identity of the mentors, are usually spelled out explicitly in the decision that creates the mentorship, but may include delegation of the arbitration committee's banning powers to the mentors.

Such mentorships may be agreed to as an alternative to more serious remedies, such as bans or paroles. Or they may be an end result of the dispute resolution process itself. Users may be placed under mentorship by a ruling of the community, Arbitration Committee, or Jimbo Wales.

People proposing such mentorships usually believe that social skills, personal maturity, and other necessary personal character qualities can be obtained by the sanctioned person through occasional discussions with a sympathetic person, and that undesirable behaviors, like being a jerk or tendentiously pushing a POV, can likewise be removed. The supporters are usually affected by optimism bias (a belief that everything will work out) and a desire to avoid conflict or appear forgiving and friendly. Alternatively, they may be grasping at straws in a desperate effort to stave off immediate application of more serious remedies.

Involuntary mentorship has a very poor track record and is not recommended.

title: Wikipedia:Mentorship


text:
Alan Moulder

Alan Moulder (born 11 June 1959) is an English record producer, mixing engineer, and audio engineer.

Early life
Moulder was born on 11 June 1959 in Boston, Lincolnshire. He was educated at Boston Grammar School. He had an interest in music from an early age, listing Cream and The Beatles among his favourite artists. The first album he bought was Electric Warrior by T. Rex, and he was impressed by the quality of the recording. He joined his first band as a teenager and recorded a demo in a local studio. During this time, he began to take interest in music production.

Career
Moulder's musical career started in the early 1980s at Trident Studios in London. As an assistant engineer, he worked with influential producers like Jean-Michel Jarre, drawing from them great familiarity with electronic sounds and textures. Also an engineer at Trident was Flood with whom Moulder would often collaborate in the future. Moulder assisted in one of Flood's recording sessions with The Jesus and Mary Chain, and found that the often fractious and troublesome band enjoyed working with him. The Mary Chain invited Moulder to engineer their live sounds and, eventually, to engineer their 1989 album Automatic. The album's production was praised for its combination of thick, noisy guitar with a polished, listener-friendly tone, and the Mary Chain's former label, Creation Records, soon had Moulder producing records for Ride, My Bloody Valentine and Swervedriver.

Influences
In a 2023 interview, musician Andy Bell said that Moulders favourite album mix is done by François Kevorkian on Violator by Depeche Mode.

Selected production/mixing/engineering credits
Selected production credits:

 * 1987: Figures on a Beach – Standing on Ceremony (engineering, mixing)
 * 1988: Gianna Nannini – Malafemmina (producer, mixing)
 * 1989: The Jesus and Mary Chain – Automatic (engineering, mixing)
 * 1990: My Bloody Valentine – Glider (engineering)
 * 1990: Ride – Nowhere (mixing)
 * 1991: My Bloody Valentine – Tremolo (engineering)
 * 1991: My Bloody Valentine – Loveless (engineering)
 * 1992: Curve – Doppelgänger (engineering)
 * 1992: Ride – Going Blank Again (producer, mixing)
 * 1992: Shakespears Sister – Hormonally Yours (co-producer)
 * 1993: The Smashing Pumpkins – Siamese Dream (mixing)
 * 1993: Curve – Cuckoo (engineering)
 * 1993: Swervedriver – Mezcal Head (producer, mixing)
 * 1994: Lush – Split (mixing)
 * 1994: Nine Inch Nails – The Downward Spiral (mixing)
 * 1994: Marilyn Manson – Portrait of an American Family (engineering, mixing)
 * 1995: The Smashing Pumpkins – Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness (co-producer, mixing)
 * 1995: Prick – Prick (engineering, mixing)
 * 1995: Swervedriver – Ejector Seat Reservation (co-producer, mixing)
 * 1996: Moby – Animal Rights (engineering, mixing)
 * 1996: The Cure – Wild Mood Swings (mixing)
 * 1997: U2 – Pop (co-producer, mixing)
 * 1997: Depeche Mode – "Useless" (remixing)
 * 1998: Monster Magnet – Powertrip (mixing)
 * 1999: Nine Inch Nails – The Fragile (co-producer, engineering, mixing)
 * 1999: Swervedriver – 99th Dream (co-producer, mixing)
 * 2000: The Smashing Pumpkins – Machina/The Machines of God (mixing)
 * 2000: A Perfect Circle – Mer de Noms (mixing)
 * 2000: Monster Magnet – God Says No
 * 2000: Queen Adreena – "Jolene" (co-producer, mixing)
 * 2002: Yeah Yeah Yeahs, Fever To Tell (mixing)
 * 2003: The Icarus Line – Penance Soiree (co-engineering, mixing)
 * 2003: Gary Numan – Hybrid (guest producer)
 * 2004: The Killers – Hot Fuss (mixing)
 * 2005: Billy Corgan – TheFutureEmbrace (producer)
 * 2005: Nine Inch Nails – With Teeth (producer)
 * 2005: Soulwax – Any Minute Now (mixing)
 * 2006: The Killers – Sam's Town (co-producer)
 * 2006: Secret Machines – Ten Silver Drops (mixing)
 * 2006: Sound Team – Movie Monster (mixing)
 * 2006: Puscifer – V Is for Vagina (mixing)
 * 2006: Saul Williams – The Inevitable Rise and Liberation of NiggyTardust! (mixing)
 * 2006: Ashes Divide – Keep Telling Myself It's Alright (mixing)
 * 2006: The Wolfmen – Debut album (mixing)
 * 2006: Blonde Redhead – 23 (producer)
 * 2007: Arctic Monkeys – Favourite Worst Nightmare (co-mixing)
 * 2007: Korn – Untitled (mixing)
 * 2007: Nine Inch Nails – Year Zero (co-mixing)
 * 2008: Nine Inch Nails – Ghosts I–IV (co-producer, co-mixing)
 * 2008: The Charlatans – You Cross My Path (mixing)
 * 2008: Nine Inch Nails – The Slip (co-producer, co-mixing)
 * 2008: The Morning After Girls – Alone (producer, mixing)
 * 2009: Wolfmother – Cosmic Egg (producer, mixing)
 * 2009: Them Crooked Vultures – Them Crooked Vultures (mixing)
 * 2009: BM LINX – "Black Entertainment" (mixing)
 * 2009: Placebo – Battle for the Sun (mixing)
 * 2009: SPC ECO – Shine On Down (remixing)
 * 2010: Interpol – Interpol (mixing)
 * 2010: How to Destroy Angels – eponymous debut EP (co-producer, co-mixing)
 * 2011: Foo Fighters – Wasting Light (mixing)
 * 2011: White Lies – Ritual (co-producer)
 * 2012: How to Destroy Angels – An Omen EP (mixing)
 * 2012: The Killers – Battle Born (mixing)
 * 2013: Foals – Holy Fire (producer, mixing)
 * 2013: How to Destroy Angels – Welcome Oblivion (mixing)
 * 2013: Nine Inch Nails – Hesitation Marks (co-producer)
 * 2013: The Naked And Famous – Hearts Like Ours (mixing)
 * 2014: Howling Bells – Heartstrings (producer)
 * 2014: Royal Blood – Royal Blood (mixing)
 * 2014: Mercutio – "Back to Nowhere" (mixing)
 * 2014: La Roux – Trouble in Paradise (mixing)
 * 2014: Interpol – El Pintor (mixing)
 * 2015: Foals – What Went Down (mixing)
 * 2015: Silversun Pickups – Better Nature (mixing)
 * 2015: Editors – In Dream (mixing)
 * 2016: The Joy Formidable – Hitch (mixing)
 * 2016: Plague Vendor – Blood Sweat (mixing)
 * 2016: Bear Hands – You'll Pay for This (mixing)
 * 2016: Twin Atlantic – GLA (mixing)
 * 2016: Crobot – Welcome to Fat City (mixing)
 * 2016: Two Door Cinema Club – Gameshow (mixing)
 * 2017: Circa Waves – Different Creatures (producer)
 * 2017: Ride – Weather Diaries (mixing)
 * 2017: The Killers – Wonderful Wonderful (mixing)
 * 2017: Queens of the Stone Age – Villains (mixing)
 * 2018: Suede – The Blue Hour (producer, mixing)
 * 2018: Beach House – 7 (mixing)
 * 2018: Nine Inch Nails – Bad Witch (mixing)
 * 2019: Ride – This Is Not a Safe Place (mixing)
 * 2019: The Young Gods – Data Mirage Tangram (mixing)
 * 2020: 5 Seconds of Summer – No Shame (mixing)
 * 2020: EOB – Earth (mixing)
 * 2022: Beach House – Once Twice Melody (mixing)
 * 2022: Interpol – The Other Side of Make-Believe (mixing)
 * 2022: Suede – Autofiction (mixing)
 * 2023: Yves Tumor – Praise a Lord Who Chews but Which Does Not Consume; (Or Simply, Hot Between Worlds) (mixing)

Personal life
Moulder is married to the former Curve lead singer Toni Halliday.

title: Alan Moulder


text:
Talk:Overconsumption (economics)

Definition of Overconsumption and Merger Proposal
As it stands, the definition of Overconsumption listed on this page:

"Overconsumption describes a situation where the use of a renewable natural resource exceeds its capacity to regenerate. A prolonged pattern of overconsumption leads to the eventual loss of resource bases."

Is synonymous with the definition of Overexploitation listed on that page:

"Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Continued overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource."

Google lists the definition as overconsumption as "The action or fact of consuming something to excess.", and gives an example: the overconsumption of alcohol. The editors of the Overexploitation page created it from a natural resource perspective and were curious if this page was made from a more Consumption perspective, due to its first header being "Economic growth". If so, it may be beneficial to at least change the beginning definition of this page to not include natural resources, but instead to talk about resources from an economic perspective e.g. as given on the Consumption page. I was thinking we could put something like the following: "Overconsumption describes a situation where a consumer overuses their available goods and services to where they can't, or don't want to, replenish them. In microeconomics, this may be described as the point where the marginal cost of a consumer is greater than their marginal utility." The idea here being that "overconsumption" refers to not only natural resources, but also man-made resources -- which means all resources in general, creating a more economic perspective. Would anyone be opposed to me rewriting the definition of Overconsumption here as such? LightProof1995 (talk) 07:36, 27 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Overconsumption (economics)


text:
Japanese barque Kankō Maru

Kankō Maru (観光丸) was Japan's first steam-powered warship. It was presented to the Tokugawa shogunate ruling Japan during the Bakumatsu period as a gift from King William III of the Netherlands to assist Janus Henricus Donker Curtius, head of the Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij (Netherlands Trading Society) in Japan in his efforts to establish formal diplomatic relations and the opening of Japanese ports to Dutch merchant vessels.

Background
Since the beginning of the seventeenth century, the Tokugawa shogunate ruling Japan pursued a policy of isolating the country from outside influences. Foreign trade was maintained only with the Dutch and the Chinese and was conducted exclusively at Nagasaki under a strict government monopoly. No foreigners were allowed to set foot in Japan, and no Japanese was permitted to travel abroad. In June 1635 a law was proclaimed prohibiting the construction of large, ocean-capable vessels. However, by the early nineteenth century, this policy of isolation was increasingly under challenge. In 1844, King William II of the Netherlands sent a letter urging Japan to end the isolation policy on its own before change would be forced from the outside.

Following the July 1853 visit of Commodore Perry, an intense debate erupted within the Japanese government on how to handle the unprecedented threat to the national's capital, and the only universal consensus was that steps be taken immediately to bolster Japan's coastal defenses. The law forbidding construction of large vessels was repealed, and many of the feudal domains took immediate steps to construct or purchase warships. However, the ships produced within Japan were based on reverse-engineering of designs some decades old, and the ships were already obsolete by the time of their completion. The need for steam-powered warships to match the foreign "Black Ships" was a pressing issue, and the Tokugawa shogunate approached the Dutch for the supply of such vessels.

Aware that it would take time to either construct or purchase ships from overseas, Donker Curtius asked for one of the warships of the Royal Netherlands Navy stationed in the Netherlands East Indies to be presented to the Japanese government.

The Dutch warship named Soembing (スームビング), the name of a volcano on Java, was sent with Naval captain Gerhardus Fabius to introduce the Japanese to navigation techniques in 1854, and the ship was formally presented to the government of shōgun Tokugawa Iesada at Nagasaki in the name of the Dutch King, Willem III in 1855. The gift was the subject of heated debates within the Dutch government, as many ministers felt that the expense was too great. She was renamed Kankō Maru (観光丸), after a line in the I Ching : Kankoku shi kō (觀國之光).

Design
Kankō Maru was a three-masted jackass-barque-rigged sailing vessel, with an auxiliary single-cylinder coal-fired 150 hp reciprocating steam engine turning a side paddlewheel. She had an overall length of 66.8 m and a displacement of 781 tons. Her armament consisted of six muzzle-loading cannon.

Operational history
Kankō Maru was assigned to be a training ship to the newly formed Nagasaki Naval Training Center, under Nagai Naoyuki. At this time, 22 Dutch sailors, including Lieutenant G. C. C. Pels Rijcken provided training, and this training was continued by Lieutenant H. van Kattendijke who arrived in Japan on Kanrin Maru. This was the first time that the Japanese had received formal military training from the Dutch.

She was then transferred to the new Tsukiji Naval Training Center in Edo in April 1857, with a Japanese-only crew of 103 students.

Following the Meiji Restoration, she was taken over by the Meiji government on 28 April 1868 and became one of the first ships of the fledgling Imperial Japanese Navy. She remained based at the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy at Tsukiji until she was scrapped in 1876.

Replica
A faithful replica of the original Kankō Maru was built in at the Verolme Shipyards in the Netherlands in 1987 based on the original plans for the Soembing preserved at the National Maritime Museum in Amsterdam. She was used as a tourism ship in the Huis Ten Bosch theme park in Sasebo, Nagasaki, and has been sailing along the coast of Japan since. The ship requires a 14-man crew, and can carry up to 300 passengers on short day cruises.

Spaceship project
Kankoh-maru is also the name of a proposed Japanese spaceship concept for space tourism.

title: Japanese barque Kankō Maru


text:
User:Afiler

I'm Andy Filer. I enjoy working on articles on the telephone network, retrocomputing, and Minnesota. I also try to fix spelling mistakes and bad or awkward grammar when I come across it.

 * My Contributions

 * My website:
 * www.afiler.com

title: User:Afiler


text:
Talk:Lufia & the Fortress of Doom

Page Move
The original american title is Lufia & the Fortress of Doom not Lufia and the Fortress of Doom if anyone's interested. See: --analoguedragon 10:32, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * In that case, maybe the page should be moved? I don't know CVG naming conventions by heart... Y0u (Y0ur talk page) (Y0ur contributions) 12:26, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Personally, I think it should be moved. But I wanted to hear more opinions... that's why I brought this up--analoguedragon 16:00, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * If the official name uses the "&", then go ahead. Thunderbrand 18:39, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * OK. Went ahead and made the change.--analoguedragon 19:47, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * And I changed Gaming Collaboration of the week/current to reflect the move. --Optichan 16:00, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Canceled Sega Genesis version?
I read once on some list of Sega Genesis games that a version of this was once planned for the Sega Genesis/Megadrive, but that's the only place I've heard of it. Can anyone confirm/disconfirm this? Y0u (Y0ur talk page) (Y0ur contributions) 22:23, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * A google search I did brings up a couple hits, both saying it was cancelled. Thunderbrand 01:02, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

GCotW
Just to warn you, do NOT just toss a bunch of lists on the article. For instance, in regard to Wario, every power he can use it not listed, but examples of different variations of powers (hats, status effects, etc.) are. - A Link to the Past (talk) 02:17, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

 * 24.3.87.52 was actually me. Thunderbrand 00:17, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Lufia & the Fortress of Doom Screen01.gif
Image:Lufia & the Fortress of Doom Screen01.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 20:59, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Characters' Ages
This information is not listed in the English version of the game or manual (the protagonist actually says he is 16 early on in the game, however none of the other characters' ages are ever specified). I have played about 1/3 of the way through the Japanese version of the game and can verify that this isn't included in any sort of pre-game intro that was cut from the American release. The only source I've been able to find for this information is a fansite that links off the main Lufia article. Until a reliable source can be found the information must be treated as speculation and as such I'm removing it for now.

S. Luke 07:02, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

Looks Good
Wow, its nice to see that somebody's been doing some work on this under rated series. Keep it up.

Vorpal76 (talk) 23:04, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051125160444/http://www.lufia.net/ to http://www.lufia.net/

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title: Talk:Lufia & the Fortress of Doom


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Theomatics

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. Linuxbeak | Talk 21:46, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Theomatic
tagged as a speedy which IMO it is not. As writen it is a dictdef, and unsourced. It should be transwikied to wictionary, or deleted if not wanted on wictionary, unless expanded into an encyclopedic article. DES (talk) 06:16, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Transwiki as per nom. --Dvyost 06:23, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * After a complete rewrite from sources, Weak keep and rename to theomatics. Uncle G 13:48, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete freestylefrappe 18:04, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Given that the article has (as I noted) been completely rewritten from sources, and thus the aforementioned rationales (relating to it being a stub and unsourced) no longer apply, what is your rationale? Uncle G 01:34, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep it. After the rewrite, looks encyclopedic to me.  More of a concept than a definition.  More that a dictionary definition.--Gaff talk 00:13, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep It After rewrite. 67.41.180.149 20:13, 15 October 2005 (UTC)Tom
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Kareeser

NodeBB
Kareeser|Talk! 17:32, 26 July 2017 (UTC)

Nomination of NodeBB for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article NodeBB is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/NodeBB until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.

Orphaned non-free image File:NodeBB Logo.png
 Thanks for uploading File:NodeBB Logo.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 02:39, 19 October 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:16, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Merger discussion for Monotypic taxon and Monospecificity
Articles that you have been involved in editing— Monotypic taxon and Monospecificity—have been proposed for merging with another article. If you are interested, please participate in the merger discussion. Thank you. Nessie (talk) 15:48, 17 August 2017 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: NodeBB (August 27)
 Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by Narutolovehinata5 was:

The comment the reviewer left was:

Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved.

 * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to Draft:NodeBB and click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
 * If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the or on the.
 * You can also use Wikipedia's real-time chat help from experienced editors.

Narutolovehinata5 tccsdnew 03:27, 27 August 2017 (UTC)

Draft:NodeBB concern
Hi there, I'm HasteurBot. I just wanted to let you know that Draft:NodeBB, a page you created, has not been edited in 5 months. The Articles for Creation space is not an indefinite storage location for content that is not appropriate for articlespace.

If your submission is not edited soon, it could be nominated for deletion. If you would like to attempt to save it, you will need to improve it.

You may request Userfication of the content if it meets requirements.

If the deletion has already occured, instructions on how you may be able to retrieve it are available at WP:REFUND/G13.

Thank you for your attention. HasteurBot (talk) 01:34, 28 January 2018 (UTC)

Nomination of Opencola (company) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Opencola (company) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Opencola (company) until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Isingness (talk) 06:19, 31 March 2018 (UTC)

Your draft article, Draft:NodeBB

Hello, Kareeser. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "NodeBB".

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been nominated for deletion. If you plan on working on it further, or editing it to address the issues raised if it was declined, simply and remove the, , or  code.

If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion by following the instructions at this link. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.

Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. Home Lander (talk) 22:16, 16 December 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kareeser


text:
Harvey Bialy

Harvey Bialy (born 1945, New York City, died July 1, 2020) was an American molecular biologist and AIDS denialist. He was one of the signatories to a letter to the editor by the "Group for the Scientific Reappraisal of the HIV-AIDS Hypothesis", which denied that HIV was the cause of AIDS, and was a member of the controversial and heavily criticized South African Presidential AIDS Advisory Panel convened by Thabo Mbeki in 2000. Bialy authored a scientific biography of Peter Duesberg, a fellow AIDS denialist, in 2004.

Education and early career
Bialy graduated from Bard College in 1966 and was awarded a Ph.D. in molecular biology in 1970 by the University of California, Berkeley. He joined the journal Nature Biotechnology (part of the Nature family of publications) as its scientific editor in 1984, and edited its peer-reviewed content from 1984 to 1996. He has co-authored papers in molecular genetics, including articles presenting evidence that phage genes can subvert host functions. He has also written numerous editorials and commentaries on contemporary issues in biotechnology in Nature Biotechnology and other journals. In 2004, Bialy authored Oncogenes, Aneuploidy, and AIDS (ISBN 1556435312), a book about the scientific life of fellow molecular biologist and AIDS denialist Peter Duesberg, with special emphasis on Duesberg's version of the aneuploidy theory of cancer, on Duesberg's refusal to accept HIV as the cause of AIDS, and on the politics of modern science.

Later career
Bialy's CV indicates that he was the co-recipient of a grant from the Charles Merill Trust to study antibiotic resistant pathogens in Nigeria in 1978. He received a World Health Organization grant to study the epidemiology and genetics of antibiotic resistant enteric pathogens in Nigeria in 1982. He worked as a visiting researcher or research fellow at several universities in the United States and Africa throughout the 1980s and 1990s. He was advisor to the Center for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering in Havana, Cuba from 1986 to 1996.

Bialy's CV also indicates that he was a resident scholar of the IBT at UNAM in Cuernavaca between 1996 and 2006, where he also founded and directed the Virtual Library of Biotechnology for the Americas.

In April 2006, Ordo Templi Orientis formed the International OTO Cabinet, an advisory, non-voting panel made up of both OTO Initiates and Non-Initiates. Along with David Tibet, Bialy was named among the initial non-member appointments.

Artistic life
He was also a poet and artist. He published several books of poetry, and in 1976, he received a fellowship in poetry from the National Endowment for the Arts. Since May 2007, he devoted his time to his art, of which an exposition "Telestics ... The Art of the Ordinary" was presented 23–31 August 2007 at the Catedral de Cuernavaca. The painter Rafael Cauduro admired Bialy's work and spoke in its praise for several minutes at the inauguration ceremony, which was also attended by the Minister of Culture of the State of Morelos. More recently, in February through April 2012, Bialy's work was featured at the Nalanda Gallery of Naropa University.

title: Harvey Bialy