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Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee Elections January 2006/Candidate statements/Redwolf24

Redwolf24
I myself would like to lend a helping hand to the endevours of the arbcom. Some of my positions? I hate trolls, yet at the same time I believe in criminal rights. I strongly believe in such organizations as WP:AMA. As can be seen from my work at the medcom, I often take out time of my own to reorganize stuff and make sure everyone's doing what they should be. I'd check the RfAr page often, voting on every case I could manage. I see a lot of cases only get the attention of maybe four members. Do we want four people deciding things that can potentially affect the whole project? The more the merrier, much like we should never close AfD's where only two people voted, and RfA's with 4 supports and no other votes. I had told a good friend of mine here I wasn't going to run for arbcom, but after my friends pushed me, I gained interest. I'd like to lend a helping hand. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 02:43, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps its worth noting that my proudest contribution is the reactivation of the medcom. Its also worth noting that I pulled out of the race after the events here thinking I didn't have a shot. But friends and otherwise very kind people have nagged me into reentering the race. Direct questions below, or at my talk page. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 19:37, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Some questions being asked of all the candidates by jguk
''Q: How old are you and what do you do? (If student, please state what subjects you are studying.)''

A: I am 15, as most people know, which may cost me some votes. I am enrolled in the standard subjects, Math English Science History Gym. I took the S.A.T's at age 12 and got a 1300(/1600) if you want to test my brain...

Q: How many hours a month do you think you will need to be a good Arbitrator and are you really willing to put in the time?

A: I'm sure I'll spend a lot of time being one, but I already spend a lot of time on the wiki, it'd be a piece of cake, I have the time as I already spend 5 hours+ a day on the wiki. So unless you need more than 300 hours, I think I can handle it.

''Q: If chosen, you will need to arbitrate on disputes arising from the creation or revision of articles. Experience of creating and revising articles yourself, particularly where it has involved collaboration, is very valuable in understanding the mindset of disputants who come to arbitration. With reference to your own edits in the main article namespace, please demonstrate why you think you have the right experience to be a good arbitrator.''

A: As 172 has said, article editing is not my top priority. I have 20 to 30% of my edits there. However I am an exception: I am a mediator, in fact the chair of the medcom. I don't know how I could be a mediator if I couldn't place myself in the shoes of others. That should be the number 1 skill of the arbcom, the ability to place one's self in another's shoes.

Q: Please list out what other Wikipedia usernames you have edited under.

A: none, just Redwolf24.

Question from Shelburne Kismaayo
''Q: Why do some people seriously think you are "Willie on Wheels"? If you are not then why did you take their accusations so seriously? If push came to shove, how could you prove to us that you are not Willie on Wheels?Shelburne Kismaayo 23:47, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

A: no one really thought I was WoW, they just found my jokes suspicious. Some of them thought it immature and disrupting, which I disagree with, at least for the disrupting part. As for proving I'm not WoW, I can't think of a way to do that, but I think everyone knows I'm not Willy on Wheels, who has been here since 04 I believe, and I have been here since April. Why does this matter? Because I've been docked points for being too new. I could have registered an account a long time ago if I knew wiki existed. Willy is my senior, and I wish I even knew about the wiki back when Willy was around, it would have been fun to block the first one ;-) R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:07, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Question from Snowspinner
At fifteen, and with six months experience, you seem, at least superficially, less qualified than many for a seat on the committee. What can you do to counter that impression? Snowspinner 05:07, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Let's put it this way... its not time spent in days, its time spent in HOURS. If you've been here since 2003, and you spend an hour a week, then people who don't bother to research at all will say you're a better candidate. However there's me, and I spend hours every day on this site. I've read all the policies and most of the pages in the Wikipedia namespace. Anything I have to do as an arbitrator I have been doing as the medcom chair. Analyze evidence? Yup, have to, to make sure the RfM is legit. Know what cases to accept and which to reject? Again, yes. As a mediator (rather than the chair) I have to be able to communicate, remain cool, and put myself in people's shoes. And as for age, that shouldn't matter... Wikipedia is a utopia of all races sexes religions and ages living as equals, and in fact I never had to say my age, but I don't think the community will specifically care about age. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:39, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I believe the term you're looking for is "man hour". —Quarl (talk) 2006-01-09 22:41Z

The problem as I see it is that, if elected, you could be artitrating detailed, technical edit disputes amongst experts in their field. You would do this without any knowledge of how the article-editing process works, or of how disputes editing articles usually get resolved. Without that it's easy to perceive very small issues as big, or to miss the whole point of the dispute entirely. Your age means a lack of life experience, which just helps. The older you get the more arguments you see, your impression changes as you see some things dealt with better than others. Your perspective changes from the immediate to the longer term - which is important, as most editors going to ArbCom now are good editors making far more constructive edits to Wikipedia than your edit history shows you have ever done. The other problem your lack of article edits gives is that we cannot see how you would deal with a dispute yourself so have no real idea of how you'd react in given cases, jguk 06:33, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The other side of the coin regarding the qualifications of some of our young candidates is that the kind of 15-year-olds that spend their free time involving themselves in a worthy community project like Wikipedia demonstrate themselves to be the promising leaders of their generation. I find it highly commendable that they already are seeking to serve in leadership roles.  Good for them, and hopefully the Arbcom will include a cross-section that is representative of ALL our editors, including our younger diligent contributors.  The young perspective is important too. -- M P er el ( talk 00:02, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Request from Dragons flight
Arbcom is overworked and no fun. Please review these discussions:   Come up with a short list of suggestions for ways you would endorse for improving the arbitration process. Bonus points for actually managing to create new policy. Dragons flight 08:01, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Another question by Snowspinner
Since you're the one person ever to get the damn mediation committee to work right, what plan, if any, do you have to keep it working if you depart it for arbcom? Snowspinner 19:45, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Form question by Snowspinner
Being an arbitrator requires a finely tuned bullshit detector. What in your life has prepared you to detect bullshit with ease? Phil Sandifer 21:24, 27 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I once terminated BigDaddy777's account, he was the master of bullshit, so I believe I have a bullshit detector. I also got rid of Rainbowwarrior1977's account, who later admitted in email he was trolling... so I'm alright. R  e  dwolf24  (talk)  Attention Washingtonians!  22:36, 27 November 2005 (UTC)

Form Question from karmafist
Many policies contradict and overlap with each other, and then WP:IAR makes things even more complicated while making them paradoxically more flexible. When two or more policies apply and conflict, what do you do? karmafist 18:55, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't look at the rule, I look at Why do we have this rule?. If you look at the basis of each rule, you should be able to decide which should take precedence, or if any do for that matter. R  e  dwolf24  (talk)  Attention Washingtonians!  00:55, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

Questions from User:-Ril-

 * The following questions are for each candidate, and do not specifically target you

''Do you hold any strong political or religious opinions (e.g. concerning George Bush, Islam, or on which end you should break a boiled egg)? If so, would you recuse yourself from cases centred on these?''

How willing are you to contest the decisions of other arbitrators rather than just "go with the flow"?

Do you view all requests to re-address cases, particularly requests made by those most penalised, as being automatically without merit?

''In the case against Yuber, it was decided by the arbitration committee that it is the duty of arbitrators to investigate, and rule on the behaviour of not only one party involved, but all of them. Do you support this decision? [if current arbitrator] Does your visible behaviour on recent cases reflect this decision?''

--Victim of signature fascism 16:49, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I am apolitical, in the manner that I know about politics, but I choose to not associate myself with either of the major parties, or any minor parties. It's ridiculous the only people that can get power are those who have to be completely right or left to get a party's support. America is not Black or White in politics, most of us are grey, but our leaders must be on a polar end. I'm not biased for these reasons.

 * I would not go with the flow nor head-on contest other arbitrators. The first guy has to read all evidence, and I would read all evidence even if we had 3/0/0 on an issue.

 * The third question has such an obvious answer it only looks as if it is your personal opinion that arbitrators do this, which I strongly doubt as they're good people. If they do (unlikely, more likely a POV) then we should change that.

 * All parties can be investigated, and should be. Arbs should be able to investigate too. R  e  dwolf24  (talk)  Attention Washingtonians!  01:06, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

Question from Marsden
As you probably are already aware, your age may be an issue to a lot of people. I am one of those people.

My particular concern is that, at your age, you are unlikely to have a broad grounding in the general background knowledge of (what passes for?) our culture. This potentially opens the door for others, possibly including fellow arbitrators, to foist their particular agendas upon you.

In light of my concerns about this, which I suspect others may share, how would you deal with conflicts that might be brought before you as an arbitrator on subjects about which you do not have good background knowledge? How would you keep yourself from just relying on the information supplied by another arbitrator or another person, information that might be biased?

Marsden 00:45, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

At your age, you are unlikely to have a broad grounding in the general background knowledge of (what passes for?) of Zulu culture. You probably also have little grounding in Eskimo law, or Micronesian coming of age ritual. Do you feel that would be a problem? --Victim of signature fascism 09:15, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

Hmm, you read my mind -Ril-. R e  dwolf24  (talk)  Attention Washingtonians!  05:00, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

And for a perhaps more satisfying answer to Marsden - I've said this sooo many times, but I can say it again. I'm a mediator, and the chair of the medcom at that. As the medcom chair, I have leaps and bounds more experience in the dispute resolution process than your average Joe. Arbcom is about dispute resolution, not punitive matters anyway. R e  dwolf24  (talk)  Attention Washingtonians!  05:00, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

Question from Sean Black
You are one of the busiest Wikipedians on the project, with the Medcom, article editing, community interaction- WP:AFD, WP:AN, nominations at WP:RFA (including myself :) ) etc... Your Request for Bureacratship was denied largely for this reason. Do you believe that you have the time and patience to continue these extensive activities if you become an Arbitrator?--Sean|Bla ck 04:43, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Medcom is the only one there that is an actual job, really. AFD is something I do when I have nothing else to do, I only weigh in at AN when I feel it's important, and nominating RfA's is just my way of trying to get all the admins we can. My RfB was denied pretty much solely because of my lack of time on Wiki. R  e  dwolf24  (talk)  Attention Washingtonians!  05:01, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

Question by Ted Wilkes re proposal for a Code of Conduct for Arbitration Committee members
Do you support the creation of a Arbitration Committee Code of Conduct as I have just now suggested at User talk:Jimbo Wales? - Ted Wilkes 18:43, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

Support Wikipedia:User Bill of Rights?
Do you support User Bill of Rights? (SEWilco 05:46, 21 December 2005 (UTC))

Questions to many candidates by PurplePlatypus

 * 1) How do you view the role (and relative importance) of WP:Civility in the process of building a factually accurate encyclopedia? How do you view editors who are normally correct in article namespace, but who may be perceived as rude – including to longtime, popular editors and admins – on Talk pages and the like?
 * 2) Do you have an academic background of any kind, and if so, in what field? How do you handle critiques from your peers and professors (assuming those aren’t one and the same), which may be sharply worded or otherwise skirt the edges of WP:Civility even if they are correct? Considering those professors who have recently had you as a student, what would they tell me if I asked them the same question about you?
 * 3) What are your views on the proposed policy Arbitration Committee Code of Conduct? Whether you think it should be a formal policy or not, do you believe you would generally act in accordance with it? What aspects of it do you think should not be there, or to put it another way, are there any proposals there which you can think of good reasons to ignore on a regular basis? (Please date any replies to this question as the proposal may well change over time.)

PurplePlatypus 07:52, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Questions being asked by Titoxd to all candidates

 * 1) How much of your Wikipedia time do you plan to spend on ArbCom business?

 * 1) If you were elected and had to spend most of your time in ArbCom delibations, which projects would you consider to be the most negatively affected by your absence?

 * 1) To what extent would those projects be affected?

Tito xd (?!? - help us) 06:57, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

Neutrality question and Censuring questions from -Ril-
(Being asked of all candidates)

Do you believe that regardless of Jimbo Wales' own views on the matter, the community should be able to strip arbitrators of their position under certain circumstances, and if so, what circumstances?

As a corollory:Do you believe, regardless of Jimbo Wales' view on the matter, that a large number of signatories (e.g. 150 requesting censure against 50 supporting the arbitrator) to an RFC against an arbitrator is enough that the arbitrator should be judged as having been rejected by the community in light of their actions, and consequently for them to be forcibly stripped of their post?

''wikipedia has a policy of NPOV. Excepting straw men, have you ever introduced a substantial opinion or fact that contradicts your own political or religious viewpoint into an article on a topic of which you have strong opinions, and if you have, how frequently do you do so compared to your other substatial edits to articles?''

--Victim of signature fascism | help remove biblecruft 02:12, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

Recusal, Code of Conduct, Expansion
I am asking these questions of all candidates:

1. Do you pledge to abide by the proposed recusal guidelines at Arbitration Committee Code of Conduct?

2. Are there any parts of Arbitration Committee Code of Conduct that you do not agree with? If so, please describe in detail how you would improve them.

3. Will you please pledge to support expanding the number of seats on the Arbitration Committee? If not, how would you propose alleviating the present arbitration backlog?

4. Have you voted over at Arbitration Committee Elections January 2006/Proposed modifications to rules? If not, why not? If so, please summarize your votes.

Thank you for your kind consideration of and answers to these questions. —James S. 06:57, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

Questions by Rob Church

 * "The Association of Member's Advocates formalises the process too much, and makes the whole issue of dispute resolution akin to a legal system."

What is your response to this, may I ask? Rob Church Talk 14:09, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

Questions by Matt Yeager

 * 1) Do you feel that it is appropriate for editors (especially administrators) to post the "f-word" (during a discussion on an unrelated subject) on another user's talk page?
 * 2) Do you subscribe to WP:IAR?

Thanks for your time. Matt Yeager 07:47, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Form questions from Simetrical
—Simetrical (talk • contribs) 02:57, 10 January 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) What's your opinion on desysopping as an ArbCom penalty?
 * 2) How closely do you think admins should have to follow policy when using their special powers?


text: User talk:71.139.23.139

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:71.139.23.139


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User talk:Used2BAnonymous

Are you involved in the Talk discussions for the article "Traditionalist Catholic"? There is mention of you there for some reason. I saw U2BA and thought it was some wikipedia jargon, but as I looked into it, it appears to refer to you. FYI. - Diligens 14:56, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

Reverting?
I know you must be frustrated... but is wide-scale reverting the best way to go about this? JG of Borg 02:40, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Yes, I am frustrated. We were in arbitration over this VERY ISSUE when this dude flies in out of nowhere, takes it upon himself to adjudicate matters, and proceeds to take down every link to my site. Those links are on topic, relevant, and informative. I bust my ass working on that site and protecting it, and all these admins get each other all agitated about it without any of them LOOKING AT WHAT THEY ARE DELETING AND TELLING ME HOW IT IS LINKSPAM. I've had enough of this stuff and will now go blow my head off. Dominick wins again.

 * Actually you were in RfC (not arbitration) re Dominick's behaviour. I took advice before weighing in, and I'm glad I did. If you'd like to talk rationally about the relevance of individual links in individual articles, feel free. I don't buy the argument that other spam links justify more spam links, though (as per your forum).  I thought it best to start with a clean sheet and work from there.  - Just zis Guy, you know? [T]/[C] AfD? 04:59, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I think that, like the Rosary link, many do contain useful information, and that if we start over and do so, examining each one with the appropriate article/page, some of the ones with useful information can get back on. JG of Borg 05:08, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

 * My intention was not a win, there is no win. If you think this is a zero sum game you are mistaken. I made my goals clear. So far I have met none of them. Now, you are using more inflammatory language on your forum, and are pursuing a scorched earth policy here. I suggested you go to arbcom, and you had independent help, and you did not take that option.

 * This is not a slander, or a war, indeed Guy came out of somewhere, the RfC == Request for Comment. The silly debate raged on in front of wikipedia, in a very public place. Now your behavior in linkspamming and reverts has drawn a lot of attention.

 * Better links are available for Rosaries. Even better sources for most links. Dominick (TALK) 05:11, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Links

 * Could you please not insert links to the same external site on various pages please? --HappyCamper 02:45, 21 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Like they said: talk about it, don't just re-insert the links. I counted around 110 articles with links to your site; that is way beyond what is defensible. - Just zis Guy, you know? [T]/[C] AfD? 03:19, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Request for Arbitration
I am putting in a request for arbitration about this matter. Bold text

Marcel Lefebvre
You may be interested that I've suggested Marcel Lefebvre as the WikiProject Catholicism/Collaboration WikiProject Catholicism Collaboration. If you want to vote:

1. Add your name to WikiProject_Catholicism 2. Add your name as a vote to the bottom of WikiProject_Catholicism/Collaboration

JASpencer 22:06, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of You're No Angel

A tag has been placed on You're No Angel requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A9 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a musical recording which does not indicate why its subject is important or significant, and where the artist's article does not exist or is eligible for deletion itself. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for music.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the, or if you have already done so, you can place a request here. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 03:45, 12 September 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Used2BAnonymous


text: User talk:81.76.4.95

title: User talk:81.76.4.95


text:
Palisade cell

Palisade cell, or palisade mesophyll cell are plant cells located inside the mesophyll of most green leaves. They are vertically elongated and are stacked side by side, in contrast to the irregular and loosely arranged spongy mesophyll cells beneath them. Palisade cells are responsible for carrying out the majority of the photosynthesis in a leaf.

Palisade cells occur in dicotyledonous plants, and also in the net-veined Monocots: the Araceae and Dioscoreaceae.

Structure
Palisade cells are located beneath the upper epidermis and cuticle but above the spongy mesophyll cells.

Palisade cells contain a high concentration of chloroplasts, particularly in the upper portion of the cell, making them the primary site of photosynthesis in the leaves of plants that contain them. Their vacuole also aids in this function: it is large and central, pushing the chloroplasts to the edge of the cell, maximising the absorption of light. For a faster intake of the carbon dioxide needed for this photosynthesis, palisade cells often have specialized structures such as ridges or invaginations on their cell walls, which increase the surface area available for gas exchange.

title: Palisade cell


text:
The Hall of Presidents

The Hall of Presidents is an attraction located in Liberty Square at the Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World. The attraction is a multi-media presentation featuring Audio-Animatronic figures of all 45 individuals who have served as President of the United States. It opened on October 1, 1971, along with the rest of the Magic Kingdom, housed in a building resembling Philadelphia's Independence Hall. A short film is presented for the first portion of the show, with Abraham Lincoln reciting the Gettysburg Address. A stage presentation of all the presidents in Audio-Animatronic form follows the short film, with George Washington reciting a speech, before the incumbent president of the United States recites the oath of office. It was also the final project Disney Legend Ub Iwerks worked on.

One Nation Under God
Walt Disney had originally wanted an attraction similar to the "Hall of Presidents" called One Nation Under God at Disneyland in Anaheim, California. After Disneyland had become a huge success, Disney proposed an extension of Main Street, U.S.A. called Liberty Street at Edison Square. Disney originally wanted wax figures of all the U.S. presidents, and later decided to try to make them animated figures, but the technology that he wanted for this attraction did not exist or fully meet his desire. Disney decided to collaborate with his fellow Imagineers of WED Enterprises to try to make the first Audio-Animatronic figure in a human form, and it would be one of Disney's heroes: Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States.

Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln
Disney and his Imagineers created an Audio-Animatronic figure of Abraham Lincoln, more advanced than the ones produced for the Illinois Pavilion at the 1964-1965 New York World's Fair. The show consisted of a pre-show film on a screen with a depiction of paintings done to represent Illinois. Guests then entered the main theater where the theater curtains eventually were removed to reveal the figure of Abraham Lincoln sitting in a chair. He rose out of the chair, stood up, and gave an oratory, lasting five to seven minutes, consisting of a collection of his famous speeches. The show concluded with more theater curtains revealing the Rotunda of the United States Capitol Building. While the original version of the show that played in New York during its showing at the Fair was eventually dismantled and demolished, a similar version was created even while the Fair was going on in 1965. Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln was closed down for Disneyland's 50th anniversary in 2005 but re-opened in 2009.

Liberty Square
After Disney's death on December 15, 1966, plans were moving ahead for the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Since there was going to be another Disneyland-style theme park, this time officially known as the Magic Kingdom, Imagineers felt that one of the changes that would differ between Disneyland and the Magic Kingdom should be in one of the themed lands. The Imagineers decided that since Florida was closer to the real New Orleans in Louisiana, having a New Orleans Square in the Magic Kingdom was a bit superfluous. The old designs and concepts for Disney's Liberty Street at Edison Square were reviewed, revised, and what became of it was the Magic Kingdom's Liberty Square, that served as the alternative to New Orleans Square. Liberty Square also serves as the alternative location for the Magic Kingdom's version of the Haunted Mansion, which is in New Orleans Square in Disneyland. The Imagineers also thought that, as a follow-up to Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln, they could finally create Disney's concept of "One Nation Under God", and thus creating the Hall of Presidents.

The attraction
The show begins with a film presentation of the history of the United States of America. It shows that the American way was forged through conflict and many long years of struggle. The main idea of the film is that the United States is not free from improvements. It is certain changes that prove necessary over the years. The film also celebrates the liberties of the American people, the United States Constitution, and the progress of America in its early years.

Original version (1971–1993)

With the help of paintings from the era, the Philadelphia Convention is reenacted. George Washington and Benjamin Franklin are heard making speeches to the Convention. They assured all that this government was going to be different. After the formation of the Constitution, the first test of the new republic was the Whiskey Rebellion, which proved that the government would use force to "ensure domestic tranquility." Years later, President Andrew Jackson was the first to deal with secession by the Southern states. Luckily, the talk was quelled and Jackson escaped the threat.

The film then segues to the time of Abraham Lincoln, when secession was a real threat; these paintings and vocal performances are similar, if not identical, to the same segment in Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln. The American Civil War portion of the presentation is based on the Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln presentation, including a nearly identical script, although, to fit the much bigger screen of the theater, rather than the much smaller one at Disneyland, new paintings were required to fill the screen. The Constitution survived the conflict, making America a truly unified nation.

A huge era of progress occurred after the war. All the while, the Constitution remained the tent pole of the country. The film then turns toward the future, saying that the leaders of tomorrow have to be committed to the Constitution and its principles, if the country is to survive. A Saturn V rocket takes off, and the screens then lift up, and the U.S. presidents take center stage. After the curtain lifts, all presidents are called, in chronological order.

Each one responds to their name with a nod, wave, or other sign of acknowledgment. During the presentation, the presidents fidget, talk to each other, and look around; all the while making the illusion seem quite real. Abraham Lincoln then stands and takes center stage. His speech is remarkably similar to the speech he gave in Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln. After his speech, the show concludes with a rendition of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic," (the same rendition used in "Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln"). However, in 2009, the Battle Hymn of the Republic was replaced with America the Beautiful, but it reverted to "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" in 2011.

The show remained virtually unchanged from 1971 until October 1993. Additional Audio-Animatronic figures of Gerald R. Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and George H. W. Bush were then added when each entered into office. Lawrence Dobkin continued to be the narrator, and re-recorded the roll-call for each new addition. The only major feature that changed before 1993 was the original adaptation of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" that served as part of the finale of the show. It was the same adaptation used in Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln. The adaptation was done in a lower key, and instead changed for a revised adaptation in a higher key.

Clinton administration (1993–2001)
The show closed in early September 1993 and was then completely renovated and re-opened in October 1993, after Bill Clinton had been elected to office. The changes to the show, which in some form remained until early 2017, are credited to Eric Foner, a history professor at Columbia University. He persuaded various Disney executives, most notably then-Disney CEO Michael Eisner, that a new adaptation of the show was needed. Foner is responsible for completely rewriting and changing the script of the show in order to focus more on slavery and other ethical and civil related issues in the United States of America. He is also responsible for rewriting Lincoln's speech, which was originally nearly identical to that which Lincoln gave in the original version of Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln. Clinton also became the first president to provide his voice to recite a speech for his audio-animatronic figure; every president after him has followed the same as they have entered office, with the exception of Joe Biden, who did not record remarks. Every president since Barack Obama has also provided their voice to recite the presidential oath of office.

While the format of the show remained in the sense of the photos, films, and other features used in the film and elsewhere in the presentation, the speed at which the films played, and what was shown on them was redone to fit the changed script. A new music score was also introduced.

Also, prominent members of The Walt Disney Company would no longer narrate parts of the film. Instead, Maya Angelou narrated the revised script and gave the roll-call of the presidents. New amateur actors gave the voices of the characters in the film. Another feature that was added in 1993 was a speech given by the incumbent president. Foner is responsible for writing the speech which President Clinton himself recorded at the White House. Followed by the incumbent president's speech, Abraham Lincoln would give the completely revised speech written by Foner. The Lincoln Audio-Animatronic figure was also given eyeglasses, and held a piece of paper to glance to and from his speech. Some objected to this, saying that it dumbed down the depiction of Lincoln as a prominent and iconic figure. During the 1993 refurbishment of the attraction, Royal Dano, who was the original voice of Lincoln for The Hall of Presidents and Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln at the World's Fair and early versions of the attraction at Disneyland, had become ill and was not able to record Lincoln's revised speech. Instead, voice actor Peter Renaday was tasked to voice Abraham Lincoln. Renaday also served as a narrator on The Walt Disney Story version of Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln and provided the narration for the Magic Kingdom's Tomorrowland Transit Authority PeopleMover from 1994 to 2009.

Bush administration (2001–2009)
For the 2001 update to the show, adding President George W. Bush and his speech, actor J. D. Hall replaced Angelou as the narrator, but he read from the same script as the 1993 version. The Audio-Animatronic figure created for President Bill Clinton in 1993 was recycled and used for President George W. Bush.

Obama administration (2009–2017)

The Hall of Presidents closed October 31, 2008, prior to the general elections, to undergo an extensive renovation to upgrade its audio and visual effects and systems as well as the addition of the next president. After his election and inauguration, President Barack Obama recorded his speech for the attraction on March 4, 2009, he also recorded himself once again reciting the oath of office of the president of the United States. Walt Disney Imagineering recorded Obama's remarks in the White House Map Room as well as his facial expressions and body movement to serve as reference for the creation and animation of the audio-animatronic. According to Pam Fisher, senior show writer for Imagineering, "it is quite an experience to arrive in the White House and actually be present when the president records his speech for the Hall of Presidents." The Obama version of the attraction opened on July 4, 2009, on the 233rd anniversary of the independence of the United States. Morgan Freeman replaced Hall as narrator for the 2009 revised show, Royal Dano's performance as Abraham Lincoln was restored, and George Washington was added as a third speaking president. The clip of the Saturn V launch was replaced with footage showing the first launch of the Space Shuttle Columbia. This footage had been recycled from the original version of Universe of Energy at Epcot.

Trump administration (2017–2021)
The attraction closed on January 17, 2017, for refurbishment and the addition of an audio-animatronic figure of President Donald Trump; it reopened on December 19, 2017, after many delays. The film presented is titled The Idea of a President, depicting a historical account of several American presidencies, notably George Washington, Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy. After the roll call of all past presidents, Washington gives a short speech, followed by Trump reciting the oath of office and a short speech.

Biden administration (2021–present)
On January 19, 2021, it was announced that the Hall of Presidents had closed for refurbishment, with many media outlets pointing to the addition of President Joe Biden to the attraction. On July 19, 2021, Disney announced that President Joe Biden would be added to the Hall of Presidents, which reopened on August 3, 2021. The film The Idea of a President, which precedes the roll call of the presidents, was kept for the Biden incarnation. Biden provides his own voice to recite the oath of office following George Washington's speech; however, unlike past versions, Biden delivers no follow-up remarks.

Transcripts
With the exception of Joe Biden, every sitting president since Bill Clinton has recorded their own remarks for The Hall of Presidents.

In television
The Hall of Presidents is briefly parodied in the segment "FLOTUS, FLOTUS, What Do You Know About Us?" of Season 1 Episode 13 of the 2020 reboot of Animaniacs, where Dot Warner attempts to sing about the First Ladies of the United States, from Martha Washington to Melania Trump, and their accomplishments in under two minutes.

The attraction is also one of various featured in the Disney+ docu-series Behind the Attraction, produced by Dwayne Johnson. The episode dedicated to the attraction was released on August 25, 2021.

General references

 * Birnbaum's Walt Disney World, 2006 Edition, Disney Editions

title: The Hall of Presidents


text:
Talk:Hamilton Disston

Pre GA review
Hi. I signed up to review this article. It's not often that I have a subject base to assess an article for content as well as style, but I chose this one because I do. I wrote Draining and development of the Everglades and found Disston an interesting character during my reading. I read through this article last night and would like to make suggestions to add more content, specifically the methods Disston used to drain rivers north of the Everglades and the reasons behind draining. In particular, land reclamation was a facet of Manifest Destiny as a national priority. To add content, you would need more sources. I am willing to email you PDF files from the Florida Historical Quarterly and JSTOR. If possible, I also suggest getting Voice of the River by Jack E. Davis. If you are willing to do this, email me so I can reply with the articles in an attachment. --Moni3 (talk) 12:05, 28 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Absolutely, e-mail away. (I can't guarantee how promptly I will dive in).  Do you mean the Marjory Stoneman Douglas book, Voice of the River?  I tried a search for "Disston" on Google Books but it showed nothing.  Maybe that's because it's a limited preview though.   Wknight94  talk  01:29, 29 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I have to have your email address, so you have to mail me first so I can attach the files. I did mean the Douglas book. The author provides a lot of background about the state of the Everglades before Douglas got started in environmentalism, and there is a chapter on Disston. --Moni3 (talk) 12:12, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Oh, I'm such a doofus. Marjory Stoneman Douglas also covered Disston in her book Everglades: River of Grass. I meant the Jack E. Davis book An Everglades Providence. Sorry. --Moni3 (talk) 16:47, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Hmm. I have tried for the past 3 days to get the pdfs of two articles on JSTOR, but I keep getting an error message. They are: "Henry Disston's Model Industrial Community: Nineteenth-Century Paternalism in Tacony, Philadelphia" Harry C. Silcox, The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 114, No. 4 (Oct., 1990), pp. 483-515 and "On the Importance of Environmental Claims-Making: The Role of James O. Wright in Promoting the Drainage of Florida's Everglades in the Early Twentieth Century" Christopher F. Meindl, Derek H. Alderman, Peter Waylen Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 92, No. 4 (Dec., 2002), pp. 682-701. I have the second article that I might be able to fax to you. Thoughts? --Moni3 (talk) 15:37, 1 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Well I'm glad I never got the ambition to include your information on the land details. According to the GA review page, "Right now, it feels very WP:COATRACKy, with undue emphasis on the land details, and very little on the man's life."  So, sorry for wasting your time - this was a bad idea.   Wknight94  talk  01:21, 27 June 2009 (UTC)
 * All is not lost. Ealdgyth is an excellent reviewer. Since I'm no longer reviewing the article I can add some info and assist in the construction of the article. Let me take a look at my sources and see if I can help out tomorrow. --Moni3 (talk) 02:26, 27 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm more than happy to hold the nom for a while. I'm also not demanding information that isn't available in the references, but it would be unusual for there not to be information on his schooling, even if only "He attended public school." If the information isn't available, mention of that fact should be made so that readers aren't wondering why expected information isn't mentioned. Ealdgyth - Talk 14:41, 27 June 2009 (UTC)

Collecting
Forgive the chaos. I need to take some notes.

 * Disston gave $17,000 of Xmas presents to employees in 1889.("People in General", The Washington Post, (December 28, 1889)
 * Wash Post obit 3rd headline "Popular Employer of Labor" and :"probably no employer ever lived (in Tacony - or perhaps not, is unclear) who was better thought of by his employees". Tie in to Paternalism article.
 * Expand issues on political involvement in Republican party. Supported candidates in Florida (CANDIDATES FOR OFFICE; The Washington Post (1877. Mar 21, 1889. p. 2); opposed a federal election bill in 1890, nature of which is not stated in Wash Post article, but does state that Phildelphia had invested $8 million in Florida ("Dangers of the Force Bill", The Washington Post, July 16, 1890, p.4.)
 * Check historical New York Herald no access
 * Disston listed as Philadelphia resident from 1889 to 1896, frequently mentioned in society columns and announcements of who is in local hotels per Washington Post
 * Disston had wife, brother, son at death; names not mentioned. They received $2.5 million ("Hamilton Disston's Insurance", ''The Washington Post", May 9, 1896, p. 1)
 * Son's name was Henry. Got married same day he announced engagement in 1909, which has little to do with this article
 * Chicago Tribune obit: "Peculiar in his ideas. His hand was always in his pocket and his influence always for his less successful fellow-men to whom he took a fancy". "hard, methodical worker" employed 3,000 people at his death. Was worth $5 million. "Leaves a million in life insurance", The Chicago Tribune (May 1, 1896), p. 6.
 * Read this later, unrelated to this article: A swamp unswamped; Peril to Everglades Nathaniel Sheppard Jr. Chicago Tribune (1963-Current file). Chicago, Ill.: Oct 11, 1983. p. C12 (1 page)
 * Sponsored an unknown number, perhaps 40 or 50, Russian Jewish families leaving Russia and settle in Pennsylvania. Gave them homes. Offer matched by Calvin Cowles of North Carolina who wanted settlers in NC. "Homes for Jewish Refugees", The New York Times (February 23, 1882), p. 2.
 * NYT says Jacksonville industrial center of Florida, no visitors to state had much to see outside of St. Augustine or perhaps an overnight trip to Palatka, of all the godforsaken places (my POV, but I challenge anyone to find otherwise), after Disston's purchase, that expanded 250 miles to south. Disston was to try to reclaim 11 million acres described as "useless" by NYT, and was criticized by 30-year Jacksonville resident Engineer Koerner who said draining the land was not possible owing to the nature of the land and climate. Article mentions careful surveying by Disston's staff, regardless of Koerner's observations. No illness associated with labor involved in drainage (opposing Grunwald's mention of the harrowing backbreaking labor per DDEverglades article). Sugarcane in Florida $125 an acre more profitable than in Louisiana $50 an acre, can be grown repeatedly due to lack of frost. "The Future of Florida", New York Times, (May 6, 1883), p. 3.
 * An agent employed by Disston named A. B. Linderman assisted a Marshall P. Phillips, in contracts to purchase and drain the Okeefenokee Swamp, buying it at 12.5 cents and acre. "THE OKEFENOKEE SWAMP.; A PHILADELPHIA MAN PROPOSES TO BUY AND DRAIN IT." New York Times (Aug 4, 1889). p. 16.
 * NYT mentions name of Disston's yacht as "Manatee" where while being entertained by Disston someone named Fessendon dislocated his hip. "MR. FESSENDEN SEVERELY INJURED", New York Times. Aug 9, 1889. p. 5
 * Wrote an open letter to the editor in response to a Grand Rapids, MI hardware merchant company that accused Disston & Sons of raising their prices from 10 to 40% to state that their prices had decreased from 1882 to 1890 by 50%, and protested that the hardware company accused Disston and other manufacturers of not giving labor raises. Disston & Co. asserted that they had given labor an increase of 10% despite the decrease in price. Does not state the decrease in price is possible by more efficient manufacturing, but Paternalism article may allude to this in Henry's lifetime. "THE PRICE OF SAWS.; THE DISSTONS SAY THEY ARE MAKING ONLY A FAIR PROFIT." New York Times (Oct 7, 1890) . p. 9
 * NYT obit mention's son Henry's name and two daughters, unnamed.
 * Known as "Ham" by friends, sorely lost by Philadelphia upon death. A major player in Republican conventions. Admitted as mechanic to saw firm in 1878. Began dabbling in local politics in 1876 and was frequently sought for his advice and endorsement, though he refused to run for office himself. Formed one of the "Big Four" industry bosses of Pennsylvania with James McManes (whom he had an acrimonious relationship with according to separate NYT article), William Leeds, and David Lane, and article intones (not sure) they controlled Philadelphia politics until the formation of the ward system in that city. Obit mentions he worked beside the "lowliest mechanics" in the saw shops; Paternalism article mentions he demonstrated the new bandsaw acquired by his father to show how to cut saw handles when the workers were afraid the bandsaw would snap and injure them. Most: "Hamilton Disston Dead: The Great Saw Manufacturer Passes Away Suddenly at His Home", The North American (Philadelphia, PA) Friday, May 01, 1896; pg. 5.
 * School in Philadelphia named for him per searched of Philadelphia Inquirer that brought up only mentions of the name of the school.
 * Father Henry's first wife named Amanda Bickley who died in childbirth in 1841, infant twins died a few hours after. Married Mary Steelman in 1843. Eight children together. Mary Ellen Wilson. "Disston, Henry"; http://www.anb.org/articles/10/10-00418.html; American National Biography Online Feb. 2000.

Done for now. Wknight, feel free to add info into article. --Moni3 (talk) 19:56, 1 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Wow, I humbly bow to your amazing fact-finding abilities. I swear I really did do research for this article!  I just missed everything above.  }  Wknight94  talk  18:43, 7 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Wish I could say it was my talent. It's more like access to a very good library and its associated databases. The article has been promoted to GA, so congratulations. --Moni3 (talk) 18:49, 7 July 2009 (UTC)
 * No worries, Wknight, Moni can get to a REALLY good library, which makes a big difference in research. This article would be really neat at FAC after some more additions and digging, I urge you to work with Moni together and make it a joint nom! Ealdgyth - Talk 00:19, 9 July 2009 (UTC)

Ward system
I have a question about this line, "until the ward system replaced them." From what I read what happened was that city government became more centralized under the mayor which was a political loss for the city's main political boss McManes allowing David Martin to take over as Philadelphia's political boss. No new system replaced an old one. I wanted to check if that matched what the contributors here have read before I made any changes. Medvedenko (talk) 19:09, 7 July 2009 (UTC)

 * I was puzzled by this as well. I did some poking around to find that, as I stated on Philadelphia's talk page, that the ward system was established in 1854. The obituary stated that the Big Four "held sway over the political field until its dissolution in 1890 when the new 'ward combine' was formed with David Martin as its head". If you can provide more accurate wording, please do. --Moni3 (talk) 19:18, 7 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm pretty sure what "ward combine" means is a group who controls the wards. So in 1890 the Big Four "combine" was replaced by the Martin "combine". I changed the main article. Medvedenko (talk) 20:05, 7 July 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Hamilton Disston


text:
Pertussis toxin

Pertussis toxin (PT) is a protein-based AB5-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which causes whooping cough. PT is involved in the colonization of the respiratory tract and the establishment of infection. Research suggests PT may have a therapeutic role in treating a number of common human ailments, including hypertension, viral infection, and autoimmunity.

History
PT clearly plays a central role in the pathogenesis of pertussis although this was discovered only in the early 1980s. The appearance of pertussis is quite recent, compared with other epidemic infectious diseases. The earliest mention of pertussis, or whooping cough, is of an outbreak in Paris in 1414. This was published in Moulton's The Mirror of Health, in 1640. Another epidemic of pertussis took place in Paris in 1578 and was described by a contemporary observer, Guillaume de Baillou. Pertussis was well known throughout Europe by the middle of the 18th century. Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou described in 1900 the finding of a new “ovoid bacillus” in the sputum of a 6-month-old infant with whooping cough. They were also the first to cultivate Bordetella pertussis at the Pasteur Institute in Brussels in 1906.

One difference between the different species of Bordetella is that B. pertussis produces PT and the other species do not. Bordetella parapertussis shows the most similarity to B. pertussis and was therefore used for research determining the role of PT in causing the typical symptoms of whooping cough. Rat studies showed the development of paroxysmal coughing, a characteristic for whooping cough, occurred in rats infected with B. pertussis. Rats infected with B. parapertussis or a PT-deficient mutant of B. pertussis did not show this symptom; neither of these two strains produced PT.

Structure
A large group of bacterial exotoxins are referred to as "A/B toxins", in essence because they are formed from two subunits. The "A" subunit possesses enzyme activity, and is transferred to the host cell following a conformational change in the membrane-bound transport "B" subunit. Pertussis toxin is an exotoxin with six subunits (named S1 through S5—each complex contains two copies of S4). The subunits are arranged in A-B structure: the A component is enzymatically active and is formed from the S1 subunit, while the B component is the receptor-binding portion and is made up of subunits S2–S5. The subunits are encoded by ptx genes encoded on a large PT operon that also includes additional genes that encode Ptl proteins. Together, these proteins form the PT secretion complex.

Mechanism of pathogenesis
PT is released from B. pertussis in an inactive form. Following PT binding to a cell membrane receptor, it is taken up in an endosome, after which it undergoes retrograde transport to the trans-Golgi network and endoplasmic reticulum. At some point during this transport, the A subunit (or protomer) becomes activated, perhaps through the action of glutathione and ATP. PT catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of the αi subunits of the heterotrimeric G protein. This prevents the G proteins from interacting with G protein-coupled receptors on the cell membrane, thus interfering with intracellular communication. The Gi subunits remain locked in their GDP-bound, inactive state, thus unable to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity, leading to increased cellular concentrations of cAMP.

Increased intracellular cAMP affects normal biological signaling. The toxin causes several systemic effects, among which is an increased release of insulin, causing hypoglycemia. Whether the effects of pertussis toxin are responsible for the paroxysmal cough remains unknown.

As a result of this unique mechanism, PT has also become widely used as a biochemical tool to ADP-ribosylate GTP-binding proteins in the study of signal transduction. It has also become an essential component of new acellular vaccines.

Effects on the immune system
PT has been shown to affect the innate immune response. It inhibits the early recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages, and interferes with early chemokine production and neutrophil chemotaxis. Chemokines are signalling molecules produced by infected cells and attract neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophil chemotaxis is thought to be disrupted by inhibiting G-protein-coupled chemokine receptors by the ADP-ribosylation of Gi proteins.

Because of the disrupted signalling pathways, synthesis of chemokines will be affected. This will prevent the infected cell from producing them and thereby inhibiting recruitment of neutrophils. Under normal circumstances, alveolar macrophages and other lung cells produce a variety of chemokines. PT has been found to inhibit the early transcription of  keratinocyte-derived chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and LPS-induced CXC chemokine. Eventually, PT causes lymphocytosis, one of the systemic manifestations of whooping cough.

PT, a decisive virulence determinant of B. pertussis, is able to cross the blood–brain barrier by increasing its permeability. As a result, PT can cause severe neurological complications; however, recently it has been found that the medicinal usage of Pertussis toxin can promote the development of regulatory T cells and prevent central nervous system autoimmune disease, such as multiple sclerosis.

Metabolism
PT is known to dissociate into two parts in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER): the enzymatically active A subunit (S1) and the cell-binding B subunit. The two subunits are separated by proteolic cleavage. The B subunit will undergo ubiquitin-dependent degradation by the 26S proteasome. However, the A subunit lacks lysine residues, which are essential for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Therefore, PT subunit A will not be metabolized like most other proteins.

PT is heat-stable and protease-resistant, but once the A and B are separated, these properties change. The B subunit will stay heat-stable at temperatures up to 60 °C, but it is susceptible to protein degradation. PT subunit A, on the other hand, is less susceptible to ubiquitin-dependent degradation, but is unstable at temperature of 37 °C. This facilitates unfolding of the protein in the ER and tricks the cell into transporting the A subunit to the cytosol, where normally unfolded proteins will be marked for degradation. So, the unfolded conformation will stimulate the ERAD-mediated translocation of PT A into the cytosol. Once in the cytosol, it can bind to NAD and form a stable, folded protein again. Being thermally unstable is also the Achilles heel of PT subunit A. As always, there is an equilibrium between the folded and unfolded states. When the protein is unfolded, it is susceptible to degradation by the 20S proteasome, which can degrade only unfolded proteins.

PT and vaccines
Since the introduction of pertussis vaccines in the 1940s and 1950s, different genetic changes have been described surrounding the pertussis toxin.

Emergence of ptxP3
ptxP is the pertussis toxin's promoter gene. There is a well documented emergence and global spread of ptxP3 strains evolving from and replacing the native ptxP1 strains, associated with an increased production of the toxin, and thus an increased virulence. Such spread has been documented in multiple countries, and sometimes but not always linked to the resurgence of pertussis in the end of the 20th century. Countries with a documented spread of ptxP3 include Australia, Denmark, Finland, Iran, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, and Sweden.

title: Pertussis toxin


text:
Amarillo College

Amarillo College (AC) is a public community college in Amarillo, Texas. It enrolls over 9,100 students and was established in 1929 as Amarillo Junior College. Amarillo College has a total of six campuses as of August 2023.

As defined by the Texas Legislature, the official service area of AC includes all of Carson, Castro, Deaf Smith, Moore, Oldham, Parmer, Potter, Randall, and Swisher Counties.

History
Prior to 1929, Amarillo was the largest Texas city without a public college. George Ordway and James Guleke helped to introduce a house bill that would establish junior college districts in the Amarillo area. On July 16, 1929, Amarillo College (AC) became the first Texas junior college district to be organized independent of a school district. The first classes were held later that year in September with a total of 86 students in its first class. The college moved to its main campus on Washington Street in 1937 in what is now known as Ordway Hall.

During the time of the World Wars it seemed as though everything would be affected, and Amarillo College was no exception. Throughout the first half of the 1940s Amarillo College's Defense School and other classes trained for wartime building efforts. In 1942 the President of the college, Dr. Mead, was commissioned to the Army and forced to take a leave of absence to help in the war.

In 1951, Amarillo College became one of the first three publicly supported Texas college to have racially integrated undergraduate classes, and in 1953 AC had its first African American graduate. The other colleges to admit African Americans at the time were Texas Southmost College in Brownsville and Howard County Junior College in Big Spring.

Amarillo College was the host of a men's basketball team from the 1960s through several years in the 1980s. In 1970, the team was ranked 9th in the nation in pre-season rankings and spent much of the season in the top ten among junior colleges in the nation. The conference included New Mexico JC, Odessa College, Frank Phillips College, New Mexico Military Institute, Howard County College, South Plains College and Clarendon College.

The college also had a men's and women's tennis team as well as a men's golf team in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1971, the AC golf team finished sixth in conference action.

In 1999, the school's fencing team was initiated into the Amarillo College Fencing Association. The program ended with the death of Coach Chuck Slaughter in 2016.

The school founded an intercollegiate esports team in 2019, which continues to compete against schools around the country.

In 2022, Amarillo College re-entered intercollegiate sports with a planned schedule of men's baseball, women's softball, and men's and women's cross country. As part of the revived sports program, the school mascot got a makeover, a new costume, and was renamed Ace the Badger.

Amarillo College reached a record enrollment number of over 10,000 students in 2004.

Prior to winning the Aspen Prize in 2023, Amarillo College was a Top 5 finalist for the Aspen Institute's Aspen Prize for Community College Excellence in 2021 and ultimately was named a 2021 Rising Star. The Aspen Prize is awarded every two years.

Washington Street Campus
The college's main and original campus is located on Washington Street near downtown Amarillo. As of 2005, the campus expands to nearly 31 acre with 17 buildings. It owns radio and television stations, KACV-FM and KACV-TV; both respectively serve as a college/variety radio station and a PBS member public television station and broadcast from the Gilvin Broadcast Center. The Amarillo Museum of Art (AMoA), originally named the Amarillo Art Center, and the National History Museum is also located in this campus. The AMoA opened in 1972 and was renamed in the late 1990s.

The Washington Street campus formerly had a cafeteria but it stopped service after a reduction in the school's budget. It was later replaced by a branch of Palace Coffee in 2018, which in turn was taken over by the school and merged with the student bookstore in a renovated College Union Building in 2020. Food trucks have also occasionally been invited to campus to provide more options for student meals.

West Campus
The West Campus is a 42-acre lot located near Amarillo's hospital district that officially opened its doors in 1967 in response to growing demand for allied health and occupational technology programs. Starting off with only four campus buildings, the campus later expanded to eight buildings after a successful bond election in 1994. The campus houses fifteen allied health programs, including associate degrees in Registered Nursing, Dental Hygiene, Emergency Medical Services Professions (Paramedics and Emergency Medical Technologists) and many others. The West Campus also houses the Panhandle Regional Law Enforcement Academy, an academy accredited by TCLEOSE.

Amarillo College Downtown Campus
This campus is located in the heart of downtown Amarillo. In 1977, Amarillo College leased two gyms from the Amarillo Senior Citizens Association (ASCA), formerly of Amarillo High School and Elizabeth Nixson Junior High School. In 1996, the old Amarillo High School gymnasium was transformed into Business & Industry Center which houses an auditorium, an exhibit hall and classrooms for seminars, short courses and computer training. The facility is also used for workforce training for business industries, and is now home to the Innovation Outpost.

East Campus
In 1995, the Texas state legislature created Amarillo Technical Center after transferring Texas State Technical College's Amarillo facility to Amarillo College. In 2002, the campus was renamed Amarillo College East Campus.

The campus offers courses in automotive and industrial fields. The campus is also sparsely developed, consisting of old buildings from the TSTC days (which itself were donated when Amarillo Air Force Base closed) and a residential community called Highland Park Village (consisting of old military housing duplexes, from which the nearby school district takes its name), currently managed by the college.

Campuses outside of Amarillo
In 2000, Amarillo College started operating a campus outside Amarillo in Dumas, Texas. The college opened a sixth campus in Hereford, the seat of Deaf Smith County, on August 29, 2005. KPAN AM&FM radio broadcaster Clint Formby raised $89,000 in scholarships for student attending the Hereford campus.

Demographics
A 2017 survey determined that 11% of Amarillo College students were homeless in the period 2016-2017, and a total of 54% of the student body had difficulty obtaining food within one month of taking the survey. As a result of the high numbers of low income students, the school has made antipoverty initiatives.

In 2010, the graduation rate was 9%, and focus groups and surveys concluded that poverty-related factors were the causes. The findings kickstarted the school's antipoverty programs. These efforts resulted in significant improvement over the next decade, with rates rising to 31% for the 2021 graduation class

Notable alumni

 * Jinh Yu Frey, professional mixed martial artist, current Invicta FC Atomweight Champion
 * Susan Gibson, songwriter and vocalist, wrote "Wide Open Spaces"
 * R. Duane Ireland, professor and former interim dean of Mays Business School at Texas A&M University
 * Andrew Kennedy, basketball player, 1996 Israeli Basketball Premier League MVP
 * Larry Kenon, former NBA player
 * G. William Miller, former United States Secretary of the Treasury and Chair of the Federal Reserve Bank.
 * John C. Morgan, Medal of Honor recipient
 * Ben Sargent, editorial cartoonist
 * Mary Lou Robinson, US federal judge

title: Amarillo College


text: Category:Tourism in Zimbabwe

title: Category:Tourism in Zimbabwe


text:
Charles Dickinson

Charles Dickinson may refer to:
 * Charles Dickinson (FRS) (1755–1827), English magistrate and amateur scientist
 * Charles Dickinson (historical figure) (1780–1806), American planter fatally wounded by Andrew Jackson
 * Charles Dickinson (writer) (born 1951), American novelist
 * Charles Dickinson (bishop) (1792–1842), Anglican bishop
 * Charles Dickinson (priest) (1871–1930), Archdeacon of Bristol
 * Charles Dickinson (footballer), Argentine footballer

title: Charles Dickinson