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United States Department of Veterans Affairs Police

The United States Department of Veterans Affairs Police (VA Police) is the uniformed law enforcement service of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, responsible for the protection of the VA Medical Centers (VAMC) and other facilities such as Outpatient Clinics (OPC) and Community Based Outpatient Clinics (CBOC) operated by United States Department of Veterans Affairs and its subsidiary components of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), as well as the National Cemetery Administration (NCA) and the Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) respectively.

History
The roots of today's VA police force began at the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers (VHA origins) which was authorized as a national soldiers and sailors asylum by President Lincoln on March 3, 1865.

A court martial system was established at the National Homes in September 1867 to consider all cases of offenses made by residents of the Home. Judgment and sentencing were determined by the Governor of each National Home and a Sergeant of Police—a "member" of the Home—was appointed and paid $15 per month. By comparison, the home's chief baker was paid $20 monthly and nurses (male in those days) received $8. A guard house (jail) was located at each National Home branch to protect home "members" from themselves or others.

Initial 'Guards'
The first official police force was authorized at the National Home in Dayton at the April 11, 1882 Board of Managers meeting in order to preserve "the peace and quiet of the branch." The force consisted of a Captain, one 1st Lieutenant, and one 2nd Lieutenant. They were referred to as "guards" and the force eventually expanded to over 40 guards. The Homes operated under military rules, which often did not suit many of the former farmers and young immigrant residents who lived there. Drunkenness, fighting, violation of passes, profanity, disorderly conduct, and creating a nuisance were the most common offenses. Proceedings of the Home "court" were recorded in Discipline Books.

The most serious offense, in those early days, was bringing liquor onto the Home grounds, followed by going "AWOL" (absent without leave) and "jumping the fence" (defiantly leaving grounds without permission). By the 1880s, all of the National Homes operated beer halls in an effort to control the quality and quantity of alcohol consumed by veterans and to confine the ill effects of drunkenness to the Home grounds. Saloons cropped up in close proximity to all of the National Homes and were a constant temptation for many home residents. At Dayton there were 3,446 discipline charges recorded in 1888 including 1,192 for drunkenness and 1,138 for being AWOL. Members who misbehaved while AWOL were subject to civilian law and often arrested by civilian police and detained in community jails.

Punishment for minor offenses at the National Homes included monetary fines and no passes for 30 days. For more serious crimes, veterans were often assigned to "dump duty." In the 19th century, "dump duty" meant emptying and cleaning cuspidors, bedpans, and picking up trash from the grounds. The most severe penalty inflicted was stone breaking—which was ordered for men who brought whiskey onto the grounds, "jumped the fenced," or willfully disobeyed orders. Stone breaking began at 7 o'clock in the morning. A man was escorted from the guard house to his work pile and back until his sentence was completed. He got one hour and 20 minutes for lunch and his day ended at 5:40. A stone breaking sentence could last for up to six months. Repeat incorrigible offenders were dishonorably discharged from the Home.

The National Homes became part of the Veterans Administration in 1930 and the Home police forces were retained; however, their adjudication system and old guardhouses (jails) soon became obsolete. Having no official police power at that time, guards checked entrants into VA properties, ensured safety of everyone on the grounds, and handed criminal offenders over to state or local police officers for processing in civilian courts or to the Bureau of Investigation (FBI after 1936) for federal crimes. The Veterans Administration police operated in this manner for over 40 years.

Late 20th Century
After 1970, violent criminal offenses increased on VA grounds and change was imminent for its police force. Guards were elevated to full police status and their training and responsibilities increased. VA police were provided with a weapon: mace.

Afterwards, police batons were added and a VA Police training center was established in North Little Rock, Arkansas, to standardize their training.

During the 1980s, a number of incidents took the lives of four unarmed VA police officers and several other VA personnel, resulting in further changes. Training requirements and program oversight again increased. In 1989, after the Veterans Administration became the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Police and Security Service reorganized as the Office of Security and Law Enforcement (OSCLE). Required training hours for VA police increased from 40 hours in the 1970s to 160 hours by 1992.

Arming with firearms

In 1992, VA considered arming its police force for the first time. Three years later, Secretary Jesse Brown directed development of a pilot program to arm VA police at no more than six facilities. The following year, a directive and handbook were written.

The Firearm Training Unit of the FBI Academy reviewed VA's firearm training plans and determined that it met or exceeded Federal law enforcement requirements. In September 1996, North Chicago VA Medical Center became the first facility to arm its police officers, followed by Richmond, Bronx, West Los Angeles, and Chicago (West Side). The pilot program proved successful, so around 1998, Secretary Togo West expanded the arming of VA police at a rate of about 16 sites per year.

Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the arming program was accelerated. VA contracted with Beretta USA for specially designed pistols and firearms training for its police force. By fall 2002, 92 VA medical centers had 1,830 armed police officers and in 2003 the entire force was armed. In 2002, Jose Rodriguez-Reyes, an officer at the San Juan VAMC in Puerto Rico, was the first policeman to be killed after the VA Police force became armed. Since 1985, at least seven officers have lost their lives while on duty.

Current VA Police Weaponry
Today, about 80 percent of Veterans Affairs Police carry the Sig Sauer P229 as their primary duty weapon; plain clothes officers (chiefs, deputy chiefs, detectives, and some physical security specialists) carry the smaller Sig Sauer P239. The other approximately 20 percent of VA police carry the Beretta 92D as their primary duty weapon.

Additionally, all VA police officers are required to be trained and qualified on the authorized long gun (rifle). The following specifications are required for the long gun: M4 carbine, 11.5 inch short barrel configuration, .223/5.56 mm caliber, with collapsible stock, tactical mounting equipment, and sling. Various tactical optical devices are also allowed.

Many VA police departments have contracted with Windham Weaponry for their long guns. Long guns were added to the VA police inventory in approximately 2016, in order to respond to increasing active threat incidents occurring nationwide.

VA police also carry and are certified in the use of non-lethal weapons: Expandable Straight Baton (ESB) and Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) spray (pepper spray).

Role

Today's VA Police officers face innumerable challenges when compared to the guard force of the past. They are vigilant, armed, professional law enforcement officers with a minimum of 400 training hours who have powers to enforce all federal laws. They are trained to prevent crime, defuse a variety of threats, and take action when needed.

Their skills include accident investigation, surveillance, fraud detection, preventing or defusing violence in the workplace, fingerprinting, detective and crime scene investigation, and much more. Many of them have college degrees and backgrounds as military or civilian police officers.

All must meet the standards set by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management for federal police officers and investigators and must pass background, physical, and mental examinations. Not only are they on the alert for domestic or workplace violations, they watch for terrorist activity, as well.

VA police officers work with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to ensure enforcement of all federal laws and the safety of veterans, employees, contractors, visitors, and the public. Many of VA's Police force work behind the scenes as trainers, investigators, analysts, policymakers, developers of standards and practices, and more, to protect VA employees, veterans, property, and the public.

The VA Law Enforcement Training Center in North Little Rock, Arkansas now provides professional police training to other federal agencies, not just to VA's own police force.

The VA Police have several divisions and operate separately but alongside the VA Law Enforcement Training Center (VA LETC) under the umbrella of the Office of Security and Law Enforcement.

The primary role of VA Police is to serve as a protective uniformed police force in order to deter and prevent crime, maintain order, and investigate crimes (ranging from summary to felony offenses) which may have occurred within the jurisdiction of the Department or its federal assets.

Some cases are investigated in conjunction with Special Agents from the Office of the Inspector General (VA OIG).

Powers and Authority
VA Police derive their authority by virtue of 38 United States Code Sections 901 & 902. Rules, regulations, and enforcement actions specific to the Department of Veterans Affairs are established by virtue of 38 Code of Federal Regulations 1.218.

Legislation to expand the powers and authority of the Veterans Affairs Police was eventually rolled into the S.1963 - Caregivers and Veterans Omnibus Health Services Act of 2010 Bill (proposed law) and was re-introduced in the 111th Congress on Oct 28, 2009. The Bill passed the United States Senate on Nov 19, 2009, passed the United States House of Representatives on Apr 21, 2010, and was signed into law by President Barack Obama on May 5, 2010 becoming Public Law No: 111-163.

The Government Publishing Office (GPO) has officially published this law in its roles, noting that the law (and therefore the increased uniform allowance and expanded authority of the VA Police to include the ability to conduct investigations, on and off Department property, took legal effect on January 7, 2011.

Oversight
The Office of Security and Law Enforcement (OS&LE) is the parent agency of the VA Police within the Law Enforcement Oversight & Criminal Investigation Division (LEO/CID) which provides national oversight to individual VA Police Services at each location throughout the United States. They also facilitate support, guidance, funds and regulation of the Police Service and their corresponding independent facilities.

Structure

Upper level management and specialty positions other than Police Officer include (in no particular order); Detective (1811 Series Criminal Investigator). Other semi standardized rank structures are developed within each VA Police Service at the local level. These serve to reflect job title, function, and/or role and range from Sergeant to Chief. The VA Police also maintain groups of specialty service elements such as K-9, bicycle, boat and motorcycle patrols.

The Veterans Affairs Police Officers do not receive FERS Federal Law Enforcement/Firefighter Special Retirement benefits unlike their VA Fire Service counterparts.

The VA Police are an armed, federal law enforcement and protective service entity that operates in and around the various Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, National Cemeteries and other VA facilities located throughout the whole of United States to include Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands. Among others, the VA Police are a specialized federal law enforcement agency, whose officers have full police powers derived from statutory authority to enforce all federal laws, VA rules and regulations, and to make arrests on VA controlled property whether owned or leased.

Line-of-duty deaths
Nine officers of the VA Police died in the line of duty:

 * Marvin C. Bland, age 34, was killed in an automobile accident on September 6, 1985, while responding to a fire alarm at the Veterans Affairs Hospital in Bedford, Massachusetts.
 * Mark S. Decker, age 31, and Leonard B. Wilcox, age 37, were shot and killed on January 31, 1986, while attempting to question a suspicious man at the Brecksville VA Hospital in Brecksville, Ohio. Both Decker and Wilcox were armed only with mace due to administrative guidelines. While the officers were talking with the man he pulled out a .45 caliber handgun and shot Officer Decker, killing him instantly. Officer Wilcox attempted to run for cover, but the suspect chased him before shooting him as well. The killer was sentenced to two life terms for the murders.
 * Ronald Hearn, age 49, was shot and killed on July 25, 1988 at the Bronx VA Hospital in New York City. The alarm was set off when a man walked through the metal detector; when Hearn approached the man, he pulled out a gun and shot Hearn, who was wearing a vest but was shot between the two panels. At the time of Hearn's death VA Police were not supplied vests or firearms.
 * Garry A. Ross, age 41, died from a heart attack on December 24, 1990 at the VA Medical Center in Washington, D.C. Ross died after responding to a call of a mentally deranged patient, who assaulted him several times. Ross suffered a massive heart attack after he restrained the patient.
 * Horst Harold Woods, age 46, was shot and killed on January 10, 1996, in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Woods had approached a man kneeling beside his patrol car; when Woods approached him from the opposite side of the car, the man stood up, exchanged words with Woods, and then shot him in the back of his head as Woods turned away. The man was arrested later the same day. The suspect was arrested a short time later by Air Force Security Police Law Enforcement Officers, now called Security Forces from Kirtland Air Force Base, where he was found with "two extra fully loaded magazines, an 18-inch bowie knife and a long-barreled Derringer loaded with two shotgun shells."
 * Jose Oscar Rodriguez-Reyes, age 53, was shot and killed on April 24, 2002 while stationed at a gate at the VA Medical Center in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Rodriguez-Reyes was attacked by two men for unknown reasons and shot in the head and chest. The two attempted to steal Rodriguez-Reyes' service weapon but were unable to remove it from the holster. Rodriguez-Reyes was the first armed VA Police officer to be killed in the line of duty. Two suspects were arrested by the FBI. Charged with murder, the suspect who shot Rodriguez-Reyes was convicted in July 2006.
 * Police Officer Ronald Leisure, age 66, suffered a fatal heart attack while conducting a foot patrol of the VA Medical Center in Livermore, California, on 14 November 2014. He was conducting checks of the large complex when he suddenly collapsed. Medical staff immediately initiated lifesaving measures but were unable to resuscitate him.
 * Special Agent Gregory Cleveland Holland, aged 47, died from complications as the result of contracting COVID-19 as the result of a presumed exposure while on duty at the VA Law Enforcement Training Center in North Little Rock, Arkansas on Friday, August 13, 2021.


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Cilmeri railway station

Cilmeri railway station is a railway station serving the village of Cilmeri, in Powys, mid Wales. It is situated on the Heart of Wales Line 59+1/2 mi southwest of Shrewsbury and was opened in 1867. The station is located in a rural setting just to the south of the A483.

Facilities
The station is unstaffed (like almost all others on the line), with a single active platform and basic amenities (CIS display, help point and timetable information board). Step-free access is provided from the station entrance to the platform, though the access path is unmade and somewhat uneven.

Services
All trains serving the station are operated by Transport for Wales. There are five trains a day in each direction from Monday to Saturday, and two services on Sundays.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cilmeri railway station


text:
Talk:List of spherical symmetry groups

Untitled
I started this article while trying to understand the Symmetry Groups named with the polyhedral solid articles.

User:Patrick linked in article Point_groups_in_three_dimensions (Thanks!) which is very helpful, but I think this article is still useful for a quick reference.

I never heard of point-groups before and might have never found that article since I was thinking "sphere"!

I'll be working to get more sphere symmetry images showing the fundamental domains.

I'd like to keep this article short (printable in 1-2 pages), but at least some column descriptions would be helpful to add at the bottom.

Tom Ruen 23:40, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

rotation groups?
It would be great to list the rotation groups separately. It's hard to tell right now, which ones are rotation groups.--345Kai 08:13, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Reworked
I made some major reworking, including all the symmetry notations I've found in various sources. Tom Ruen (talk) 05:16, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

Merge?
Should this article be merged into Point groups in three dimensions?

It seems to me that the content of this article strongly overlaps the content of the point-group article, with the exception of the diagrams.

Lpetrich (talk) 21:43, 3 July 2011 (UTC)

 * The intention of this article is a compact list of groups and notations. (+I'm still looking to see how widely used the Conway notation is.) More cross-linking is be good. If you want to copy tables from here (w/o diagrams, or Conway notation), that seems useful! -Tomruen 75.146.178.58 (talk) 05:49, 5 July 2011 (UTC)

Subgroup relations
I'm interested in showing subgroup 'tree' structures like these, although I don't have a definitive source listing all subgroups of a given 3D point group (These trees were only confirmed via Stella (software), which computes the symmetry and subgroups from a given polyhedron), so I thought I'd post my effort here, until I can get confirmation. Tom Ruen (talk) 01:09, 13 October 2012 (UTC)

Here's a similar tree for [4,3], and [6,2] subgroups, using Intl notation: SockPuppetForTomruen (talk) 21:46, 6 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Group-subgroup_relationship_(3D).png

Hi, I've made tidy SVG versions of the above graphs. ~  Keiji (iNVERTED)  ( Talk )  16:53, 2 March 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Geo
Geo is in column headings, but it is never defined. If it is an abbreviation, it should be followed by a period. Comfr (talk) 18:02, 2 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of spherical symmetry groups


text: File:Opus III - Guru Mother.jpg

title: File:Opus III - Guru Mother.jpg


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Stuart Gordon

Stuart Alan Gordon (August 11, 1947 – March 24, 2020) was an American filmmaker, theatre director, screenwriter, and playwright. Initially recognized for his provocative and frequently controversial work in experimental theatre, Gordon began directing films in 1985. Most of Gordon's cinematic output was in the horror genre, though he also ventured into science fiction and film noir.

Born in Chicago, Gordon became known for experimental and sometimes controversial live theater at the University of Wisconsin in the late 1960s. Moving back to Chicago, he founded and led the Organic Theater Company. In the early 1980s, Gordon went to California to pursue movie making.

Like his friend and fellow filmmaker Brian Yuzna, Gordon was a fan of H. P. Lovecraft and adapted several of the author's stories for the screen, including Re-Animator, From Beyond, and Dagon, as well as the Masters of Horror episode Dreams in the Witch-House. He turned to the work of Edgar Allan Poe on two occasions, directing The Pit and the Pendulum in 1991 and The Black Cat for the Masters of Horror series in 2007. Several of his films have gone on to become cult classics.

Early life and education
Stuart Alan Gordon was born on August 11, 1947, in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Rosalie (Sabath), a high school English teacher, and Bernard Gordon, a cosmetics factory supervisor. After graduating from Lane Technical High School, Gordon worked as a commercial artist apprentice prior to enrolling at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Unable to get into the film classes, he enrolled in an acting class and ended up majoring in theater. During this time, he founded his first theatre company, Screw Theater.

Theatre
In late March 1968, Gordon produced The Game Show on the Play Circle stage of the University of Wisconsin–Madison's Wisconsin Union Theater. The play, intended to be an attack on apathy, locked the audience in the theater and seemingly humiliated, beat and raped them (audience plants were used). Every performance ended with the audience rioting and stopping the show. "THE GAME SHOW's game is you. It is completely dedicated to destroying the complacency of every member in the audience, to making you react. It wants you to get up and be forcibly smashed in the head and the body, it wants you to throw up, to scream out, to lose the trust of the person sitting right next to you, to reach and act. It wants you -all by yourself- to do something." Gordon then formed Screw Theater in the summer of 1968 and produced and directed four shows, the final one, in the fall of 1968, a political version of Peter Pan that got him and his future wife arrested for obscenity. The story made national headlines until the charges were dropped in November 1968. As Gordon described it in a 2001 interview:"I had been protesting against the war in Viet Nam, and got tear-gassed by the Chicago police, and it suddenly struck me that you could take Peter Pan and turn it into a political cartoon about the whole situation. So, Peter Pan became the leader of the hippies and yippies, Captain Hook became Mayor Daley, and the pirates became the Chicago police. We left all of the James Barrie dialogue intact, so when they all went off to Neverland they sprinkled pixie dust on themselves and think lovely thoughts, and up they go. That was an acid trip, which was visualized by a psychedelic light show that was projected onto the bodies of seven naked young ladies ..."After the University of Wisconsin demanded future theatrical productions by Screw Theater be overseen by a university professor, Gordon cut his University ties to form Broom Street Theater. Its first production, the new translation of the risque Lysistrata, premiered in May 1969.

Later that year, with his wife Carolyn Purdy-Gordon, he relocated to Chicago and founded the Organic Theater Company, for which Gordon also served as artistic director. With the company through the 1970s to early '80s, he produced and directed thirty-seven plays, among them, the world premieres of The Warp Trilogy (Warp! was later adapted into a comic book by First Comics), David Mamet's Sexual Perversity in Chicago and Bleacher Bums, E/R Emergency Room (which was adapted into the short-lived TV series E/R), and a two-part adaptation of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The initial production of Warp, co-written by Gordon, was such a huge hit for Organic that it briefly made it to Broadway, where it proved to be little understood. Warp was influential according to the theater critic, Richard Christiansen, for anticipating Star Wars and giving rise to additional Chicago theater companies. Gordon's 1973 production of The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit,(which 25 years later he made into a movie) featured an ensemble cast that included Dennis Franz, Meshach Taylor, and Joe Mantegna. Other work with Mamet and Mantegna also proved successful.

In 2009, he directed the one-man theatrical show, Nevermore...An Evening with Edgar Allan Poe, which reunited him with Re-Animator alumnus, actor Jeffrey Combs and writer Dennis Paoli. Nominated for a Saturn award, the show enjoyed success at its premiere in Los Angeles and toured the country. In 2011 Gordon produced, directed and co-wrote the book for Re-Animator: The Musical. It played to sold-out houses, rave reviews, and standing ovations for six months at the Steve Allen Theater. In 2012, it was performed at the New York Musical Theater Festival (NYMF) and the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. Gordon's next play Taste, premiered at Los Angeles' Sacred Fools Theater Company in April 2014. The play, based on the true story of Armin Meiwes, the Rotenburg Cannibal, was written by Benjamin Brand.

In 1977, Gordon adapted Kurt Vonnegut's The Sirens of Titan for the Organic with the input and approval of Vonnegut himself. 40 years later, in 2017, Gordon updated and revised his adaptation for a production at Sacred Fools, directed by Ben Rock.

Film and television

Gordon started his film career making horror films for Empire Pictures. His first two, Re-Animator (1985) and From Beyond (1986), were both adaptations of H.P. Lovecraft material. Also for Empire was Dolls in 1987. His next two projects were surprisingly family friendly. First up was Kid Safe: The Video, a short safety film for kids released direct-to-video. Following that, with Brian Yuzna and writer Ed Naha, he co-created Honey, I Shrunk the Kids for Disney Studios (he later executive produced the sequel Honey, I Blew Up the Kid). He also co-wrote Body Snatchers for Warner Brothers in 1993 and The Dentist for Trimark in 1996.

He produced, co-wrote and directed the science fiction comedy Space Truckers starring Dennis Hopper in 1996. He also produced and directed The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit written by Ray Bradbury in 1998.

In 2003 he turned to film noir and produced and directed King of the Ants based on the novel by Charlie Higson. This was followed by a film adaptation of David Mamet's dark play Edmond starring William H. Macy in 2006. And in 2007 he produced, co-wrote and directed Stuck starring Stephen Rea and Mena Suvari.

He also directed "Eater", an episode of Fear Itself, for NBC in 2008.

Stuart Gordon has also been a contributor to Blu-ray/DVD extras content (liner notes) for cult film distributors Grindhouse Releasing/Box Office Spectaculars on one of his favorite films, Frank and Eleanor Perry's The Swimmer starring Burt Lancaster.

Personal life and death
Gordon married Carolyn Purdy in 1968, and often cast her in his films, usually as ill-fated characters. He was father of three daughters, Suzanna, Jillian, and Margaret. He spent the latter half of his life in Los Angeles, residing in Valley Glen. Gordon died in Van Nuys, Los Angeles on March 24, 2020, of multiple organ failure, aged 72.

Film
Short films

Television
TV movies

Stage credits

 * Peter Pan (1968)
 * Warp! (1971)
 * Bleacher Bums (1977–79)
 * The Little Sister (1979)
 * E/R Emergency Room (1982)
 * Nevermore...An Evening with Edgar Allan Poe (2009–14)
 * Re-Animator: The Musical (2011-)
 * Taste (2014-)

title: Stuart Gordon


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Barrie Arena

The Barrie Arena, sometimes also called the Dunlop Arena, was a 3,000 seat arena located in Barrie, Ontario, at the intersection of Dunlop Street West and Eccles Avenue. It was built in 1932 and served as the main ice hockey venue in the city until the opening of the Barrie Molson Centre in 1995. The arena hosted the Barrie Flyers of the Ontario Hockey League, and also briefly hosted the Barrie Colts while the BMC was under construction.

In March 2008, Barrie City Council approved the demolition of the arena so that the city's new Fire Hall No. 1 could be built on the site. The demolition of the arena commenced in July and was completed in September. Artifacts recovered from the arena, including original wood trusses, were incorporated into a heritage display in the new fire hall.

title: Barrie Arena


text: File:Opus III - Mind Fruit.jpg

title: File:Opus III - Mind Fruit.jpg


text:
CFRA (disambiguation)

CFRA may refer to:

 * CFRA, a radio station in Ottawa, Canada
 * CKKL-FM, formerly CFRA-FM, a radio station in Ottawa
 * California Family Rights Act
 * Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser, now Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Fire Services
 * Center for Financial Research and Analysis (CFRA Research), d/b/a of Accounting Research & Analytics, LLC
 * College Football Researchers Association

title: CFRA (disambiguation)


text:
Jon Landau (film producer)

Jon Landau (July 23, 1960 – July 5, 2024) was an American film producer, who won an Academy Award for Best Picture for producing James Cameron's epic romantic disaster film Titanic (1997). He was also nominated for producing Cameron's epic science fiction films Avatar (2009) and Avatar: The Way of Water (2022). , these are three of the four highest-grossing films of all time.

Early life
Landau was born in New York City on July 23, 1960, as the son of Edie, a producer, and Ely A. Landau, a studio executive and producer. He had two half-brothers, Neil Landau and Les Landau, and two sisters, Tina Landau and Kathy Landau. He attended the USC School of Cinematic Arts. Landau was Jewish.

Career
Throughout the early 1990s, Landau was executive vice president of feature film production at Twentieth Century Fox. In 1993, he would meet James Cameron while he was, as Cameron put it, "serving as the studio ‘suit’ assigned to oversee True Lies." According to Cameron, he "lured" Landau "away from Fox to join my production company, Lightstorm."

He was best known for producing Titanic (1997), a film which won him an Academy Award and became the highest-grossing film of all time, the first ever to reach $1 billion in gross revenues. The film reached $1.84 billion, more than double the $914 million of then-record-holder Jurassic Park (1993). Titanic later went on to gross another $300 million in 2012, pushing the film's worldwide total to $2.18 billion, becoming the second film to ever hit $2 billion, as a result.

In 2009, Landau and James Cameron produced the science fiction blockbuster Avatar, which has since surpassed their earlier collaboration, Titanic, to become the new highest-grossing film of all time, with $2.92 billion. Avatar earned Landau his second Academy Award nomination. Shortly after his death in July 2024, James Cameron stated that it was Landau who was in fact "the heart of the Avatar family” and "the center of gravity of our bubble universe."

Personal life
For nearly 40 years, Landau was married to Julie. They had two sons, Jamie and Jodie.

Death
Landau died in Los Angeles on July 5, 2024, at the age of 63. Variety reported that he died of cancer. Avatar 3, Avatar 4 and Avatar 5, which were produced by him prior to his death, will be released posthumously.

Awards

 * Florida Film Critics Circle Award Winner – Titanic – (1997)
 * Golden Globe Award Winner– Titanic – (1998)
 * Producers Guild of America Darryl F Zanuck Theatrical Motion Picture Producer of the Year Award Winner – Titanic – (1998)
 * Academy Award Winner – Titanic – (1998)
 * Nickelodeon Kid's Choice Award Winner – Titanic – (1998)
 * MTV Movie Award Winner– Titanic – 1997
 * People Choice Award Winner – Titanic – (1999)
 * Golden Globe Award Winner – Avatar – (2010)
 * Producers Guild of America Darryl F Zanuck Theatrical Motion Picture Producer of the Year Award Nomination – Avatar – (2010)
 * Academy Award Nomination – Avatar – (2010)
 * Golden Globe Award Nomination – Avatar: The Way of Water – (2023)
 * Producers Guild of America Darryl F Zanuck Theatrical Motion Picture Producer of the Year Award Nomination – Avatar: The Way of Water – (2023)
 * Academy Award Nomination – Avatar: The Way of Water – (2023)

Filmography
Producer
 * Campus Man (1987)
 * Titanic (1997)
 * Solaris (2002)
 * Avatar (2009)
 * Alita: Battle Angel (2019)
 * Avatar: The Way of Water (2022)
 * Avatar 3 (2025)
 * Avatar 4 (2029)
 * Avatar 5 (2031)

Co-producer
 * Honey, I Shrunk the Kids (1989)
 * Dick Tracy (1990)

title: Jon Landau (film producer)


text:
Cilmeri

Cilmeri (or Cilmery; ) is a village and community in Powys, mid-Wales, United Kingdom in the historic county of Brecknockshire, two and a half miles west of Builth Wells on the A483 to Llandovery. The village is served by Cilmeri railway station on the Heart of Wales Line. In the 2001 census, Cilmeri Community had a population of 438 and 191 households. The population at the 2011 had fallen slightly to 431. The community includes the settlement of Llanganten and a small part of Builth Wells west of the River Ithon.

The village is famous for being close to the spot where the last native prince of Wales from the Royal House of Aberffraw, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, was either killed in action or captured alive and subjected to summary execution by the soldiers of King Edward Longshanks, on 11 December 1282. A memorial stone to Llywelyn ap Gruffudd was erected on the site in 1956 and serves as the focal point for an annual ceremony of remembrance by Welsh nationalists on the anniversary of his death.

title: Cilmeri


text:
Talk:CFGO

Team1200

 * There was a mess of an article over at Team1200, which I have redirected here. Skeezix1000 14:05, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:CFGO


text:
Talk:David Westlake

Untitled
David Westlake was the driving force behind Creation record's The Servants. They featured on the influential New Musical Express c86 Cassete with "transparent" He left soon after joining the label, and released an eponymous LP in 1987, before a brief reunion lineup which featured Luke Haines (The Auteurs) on Guitar.

Disenchanted with the music business, Mr. Westlake spent the next few years Listening to Classical Music and studying Law.

In 2001, while on a short break to visit friends in Dublin, Westlake met up with musician Cormac Moore and they decided to de-camp to Cormac's homeplace of Kilkenny to record "Play Dusty For Me". Featuring the guitar talents of Dan Cross (formerly of The Perfect Disaster), Cormac on Bass and Wurlitzer, and his brother Willis Moore on Drums. The 16 track album took a week to record and was released independently in 2002. Though critically acclaimed it has not had a wide release but may be purchased online at www.lostsheep.com/david westlake

David is now Lecturing in English in London.

Discography

THE SERVANTS She's Always Hiding 7" Single (1986)

THE SERVANTS The Sun, A Small Star 12"EP (1986)

DAVID WESTLAKE Westlake Album (1987)

THE SERVANTS It's My Turn 7" Single/12" EP (1989)

THE SERVANTS Disinterest Album (1990)

DAVID WESTLAKE Play Dusty For Me Album (2002)

title: Talk:David Westlake


text:
User talk:Blackberrylaw

Splashdown
I reverted your edit to list since no Disambiguation page exists, if you intend to create one please don't change the article until it is in place. Thanks --pgk( talk ) 20:33, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Becoming_x.jpg
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Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. You can get help on image copyright tagging from Wikipedia talk:Image copyright tags. --OrphanBot 08:26, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Splashdown_band_logo.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Splashdown_band_logo.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

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Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. You can get help on image copyright tagging from Wikipedia talk:Image copyright tags. -- Carnildo 21:22, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:USD_Warren_hall.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:USD_Warren_hall.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images on Wikipedia is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. You can get help on image copyright tagging from Wikipedia talk:Image copyright tags. -- Carnildo 05:26, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Wilsonhs.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Wilsonhs.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images on Wikipedia is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. You can get help on image copyright tagging from Wikipedia talk:Image copyright tags. -- Carnildo 08:38, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Move of Grant High School (Oregon)
Your move of this article does not seem to be in accordance with the Manual of Style regarding article titles. While Ulysses S. Grant High School is the official title, it is clear that it is more commonly referred to merely as Grant High School. Even the official school seal bears the initials GHS. Inconsistency in naming conventions has become seriously problematic on Wikipedia. -- J-M Jgilhousen 23:21, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

 * This is not worth getting into a pie throwing contest. Do what you want.  But I would suggest if you want to be taken seriously as someone who reads and follows written instructions, you will post messages to people's talk pages, not their personal pages.  I am baffled by how the MoS policy to title articles with their popular name could be confusing in the slightest bit, but I have better things to do than argue with you.  Do what you want (as if I had any fear otherwise).  -- J-M Jgilhousen 18:27, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Postscript
I have reverted your change on Postscript, because your reasoning for reverting (weasel words) seemed a bit out of place. If you would like to discuss this further please reply to the article's talk page. McKay 14:37, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

WP:Hornbook -- a new WP:Law task force for the J.D. curriculum
Andrew Gradman talk/WP:Hornbook 20:46, 31 July 2009 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Galaxy zoo logo.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Galaxy zoo logo.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Stefan2 (talk) 21:36, 29 October 2014 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Infobox law school
Template:Infobox law school has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Andy Mabbett ( Pigsonthewing ); Talk to Andy; Andy's edits 18:15, 15 November 2014 (UTC)

Art+Feminism Wikipedia Edit-a-thon, Portland Oregon (March 7, 2015)
 You are invited!

 * Saturday, March 7: Art+Feminism – noon to 5pm
 * Wikipedia Edit-a-thon at the Portland Art Museum's Crumpacker Family Library (Mark Building, 2nd Floor; 1219 SW Park Avenue). Art+Feminism is a campaign to improve coverage of women and the arts on Wikipedia. No Wikipedia editing experience necessary; as needed throughout the event, tutoring will be provided for Wikipedia newcomers. Female editors are particularly encouraged to attend. Attendees should bring their own laptops and power cords.

Hope you can make it! If you have any questions or require any special accommodations, please let me know.

Thanks,

Another Believer

To unsubscribe from this newsletter, remove your name from this list. -MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 04:19, 3 March 2015 (UTC)

Wikipedia Women's Health Information Edit-a-thon: Tuesday, May 12 at OHSU
 You are invited!

 * Tuesday, May 12, 2015: Wikipedia Women's Health Information Edit-a-thon – 1 to 4pm
 * Wikipedia Edit-a-thon hosted by OHSU's Center for Women's Health in honor of National Women's Health Week
 * Location: Biomedical Information Communications Center (3280 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239)
 * This edit-a-thon is intended to address some of these important differences and to generally improve women’s health information in key articles and topics. Areas for improvement have been identified in cooperation with WikiProject Medicine. Prior Wikipedia editing is not required; assistance will be available the day of the event. Attendees should bring their own laptops and power cords.

Hope you can make it! If you have any questions or require any special accommodations, please post to the event page.

Thanks,

Another Believer

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:00, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Upcoming Art+Feminism events in Oregon
You are invited to participate in Oregon's upcoming Art+Feminism events, which will be held in Portland and Eugene on Saturday, March 5, 2016. Please see the following links for additional information, or to sign up: About Art+Feminism: Art+Feminism is pleased to announce its third annual Wikipedia edit-a-thon, an all-day event designed to generate coverage of women and the arts on Wikipedia and encourage female editorship. Last year, over 1,500 participants at more than 75 events around the world participated in the second annual campaign, resulting in the creation of nearly 400 new pages and significant improvements to 500 articles on Wikipedia. For more information, see Art+Feminism.
 * Portland: Yale Union (800 SE 10th Avenue), 12:00–5:00pm
 * Eugene: Architecture and Allied Arts (A&AA) Library (200 Lawrence Hall, University of Oregon), 12:00–5:00pm

You received this message because you have attended a Wikipedia meetup in Oregon or contributed to WikiProject Oregon. To unsubscribe from this newsletter, remove your name from this list. -MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 17:17, 29 February 2016 (UTC)

Art+Feminism @ Portland Institute for Contemporary Art (March 18, 2017)
You are invited to the upcoming Art+Feminism edit-athon, which will be held at the Portland Institute for Contemporary Art (415 Southwest 10th Avenue #300, Portland 97205) on Saturday, March 18, 2017 from 10:00am – 5:00pm. For more information, visit Eventbrite.

Hope to see you there! -MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 16:46, 14 March 2017 (UTC)

Art+Feminism Wikipedia Edit-a-thon @ PNCA Library (April 29, 2017)
You are invited to the upcoming Art+Feminism edit-athon, which will be held at the Pacific Northwest College of Art (PNCA) Library at 511 NW Broadway on Saturday, April 29, 2017, from 11am to 4pm. For more information, visit the Facebook event page.

Hope to see you there! -MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 18:32, 27 April 2017 (UTC)

Wiki Loves Pride at PNCA: Tuesday, June 27
You are invited to the upcoming Wiki Loves Pride edit-athon, which will be held at the Pacific Northwest College of Art (511 NW Broadway) on Tuesday, June 27, 2017, from 5–8pm. For more information, visit the meetup page or Facebook event page.

Hope to see you there! -MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 16:38, 25 June 2017 (UTC)

Upcoming Wikipedia edit-a-thon dedicated to artists of color - Thursday, Oct. 26 at PNCA
On Thursday, October 26, a Wikipedia edit-a-thon dedicated to artists of color will be held from 4–8pm at the Pacific Northwest College of Art (511 NW Broadway). Learn more at Facebook. Hope to see you there! -MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 18:27, 21 October 2017 (UTC)

Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon: Jewish Women Artists (March 8, Oregon Jewish Museum)
On March 8 (International Women's Day), the Oregon Jewish Museum and Center for Holocaust Education and artist Shoshana Gugenheim will be hosting a Wikipedia edit-a-thon to create and improve Wikipedia articles about Jewish women artists. Click here for more information. You can also express interest or suggest articles to create or improve here. This event is free and open to the public, and will serve as both a public art action and a public educational program. Participation is welcome in person and remotely (for those outside of Portland). MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 23:25, 2 March 2018 (UTC)

Art+Feminism Wikipedia Edit-a-thon (March 10, Pacific Northwest College of Art)
On Saturday, March 10 (11am to 4pm), the Pacific Northwest College of Art (PNCA) will be hosting a Wikipedia edit-a-thon to create and improve Wikipedia articles about art, feminism, and women. You can read details on the Facebook event page, or this Wikipedia meetup page. Tutorials for new editors, reference materials, childcare, and refreshments will be provided. Bring your laptop, power cord and ideas for entries that need updating or creation. For the editing-averse, you're welcome to stop by to show your support! MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 15:50, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

Art+Feminism Wikipedia Edit-a-thon (April 13, University of Oregon)
On Friday, April 13 (3pm to 6pm), the University of Oregon will be hosting a Wikipedia edit-a-thon to create and improve Wikipedia articles about art and feminism. You can learn more at the Dashboard page, or our Wikipedia meetup page. Tutorials for new editors, reference materials, and snacks will be provided. Please bring your laptop, power cord and ideas for entries that need updating or creation. For the editing-averse, we urge you to stop by to show your support and have snacks! MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:01, 5 April 2018 (UTC)

PROD Deaf Side Story
I noticed you have done some work on Deaf Side Story. Just to let you know, I have proposed it for deletion.CircleGirl (talk) 17:38, 13 December 2018 (UTC)

Wikipedia Editathon: The Visibility Project - Saturday, January 19
Make+Think+Code and the Pacific Northwest College of Art are hosting a Wikipedia editathon at the Shipley Collins Mediatheque (511 NW Broadway) on Saturday, January 19 from 10am to 2:30pm. The purpose of the event is to make Wikipedia a more vibrant, representative, inclusive and diverse resource. Please visit Meetup/MakeThinkCode/TheVisibilityProject for more information. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 20:46, 14 January 2019 (UTC)

Oregon State University Black History Month Wikipedia Edit-a-thon, Friday, February 8
To commemorate Black History Month, Oregon State University, Wikimedia Nigeria, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, and AfroCROWD are hosting a Wikipedia edit-a-thon at the Oregon State University Valley Library on Friday, February 8 from 2–5pm. The purpose of the event is to reduce Wikipedia's diversity gap by creating and improving articles about African American culture and history, as well as notable people of African descent and the African diaspora in general. Please visit here for more information. Remote participation is welcome! MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:36, 6 February 2019 (UTC)

PNCA Art+Feminism Wikipedia Editathon, Saturday, March 9
The Pacific Northwest College of Art (PNCA) is hosting a Wikipedia edit-a-thon in the Shipley Collins Mediatheque (511 NW Broadway) on Saturday, March 9 from 10am – 2:30pm. This is a free community event designed to teach people to add and edit information about cis and transgender women and nonbinary folks to Wikipedia. We'll have training sessions, artist talks, snacks, free childcare, and plenty of exciting energy and collaboration! You're welcome to drop in any time during the event. Participants are encouraged to bring their own laptops and charging cables, though if you are not able, computer stations will be available. Please visit this link for more information. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 20:02, 4 March 2019 (UTC)

International Women's Day Wikipedia Edit-a-thon, Oregon Jewish Museum, Thursday, March 7
The Oregon Jewish Museum and Center for Holocaust Education, in partnership with social practice artist Shoshana Gugenheim and as part of the Art+Feminism Project, will host the 2nd Annual International Women's Day Wikipedia Edit-a-thon to edit and/or create Wikipedia articles for Jewish women artists. The event will be held at the museum on Thursday, March 7 from 4 to 8 pm. Pre-registration is preferred but not required. Members of the public are invited to come to the museum to learn about the editing process, its history, its impact, and how to do it. We aim to collaboratively edit/enter 18 Jewish women artists into the canon. Support will be provided by an experienced local Wikipedian who will be on site to teach and guide the process. This edit-a-thon will serve as both a public art action and a public educational program. Participants will have an opportunity to select an artist/s ahead of time or on site.

Please visit this link and the meetup page for more information. Thanks! MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 18:25, 5 March 2019 (UTC)

Please join us for our Cascadia Wikimedians annual meeting, Monday, December 23, 5:30pm PST
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Writing Black History of the Pacific Northwest into Wikipedia - Editathon 2021
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Nomination of Julie Nolke for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Julie Nolke is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Julie Nolke until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Wbcgqbvj (talk) 21:42, 23 April 2021 (UTC)

You're Invited! Writing Black History of the Pacific Northwest into Wikipedia
On, Friday, February 25, 2022, Oregon State University will be hosting an online editathon focused on Black history of the Pacific Northwest. You can learn more here and/or register here. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 21:25, 23 February 2022 (UTC)

Portland Art+Feminism Edit-a-thon: March 12, 2022
You are invited! An Art+Feminism Wikipedia edit-a-thon will be held in Portland, Oregon, on March 12, 2022. Learn more here!

Wikipedia is one of the most-visited sites on the internet—and it’s created by people who volunteer their time to write and edit pages. Learn how to edit Wikipedia and be a part of shaping our understanding of our world. In this workshop, volunteer Wikipedia editors will be on hand to train participants on how to get started editing pages and offer ideas for which pages you can pitch in to help improve. Show up at any point during the four hours to get started!

Also: Free burritos!! We will be providing vegan, vegetarian, and meat burritos from food cart Loncheria Las Mayos. Alder Commons has a large, fenced playground. Children are welcome! Some computers will be available to borrow, but if you have a laptop, please bring it to use. We will also be leading an online training for new editors at 11am-12pm PST. Please feel free to join that training if you are not able to show up IRL.

This event is part of the international month of events organized by Art+Feminism, which is building a community of activists committed to closing information gaps related to gender, feminism, and the arts, beginning with Wikipedia. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 14:36, 8 March 2022 (UTC)

International Women’s Day Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon, Sunday, March 10
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title: User talk:Blackberrylaw


text:
User talk:Cmdr1337

Welcome from Privat e   Butcher
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Privat e   Butcher  23:47, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
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title: User talk:Cmdr1337


text: Talk:Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town (Mariah Carey single)


text:
User talk:Ven

Welcome to Wikipedia
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers such as yourself:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
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 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
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 * How to edit a page
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -- Spinboy 23:48, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Images
You need to upload the image before you can place a link to it in a Wikipedia article. Also be sure that you took it yourself, we cannot accept copyright material. -- Spinboy 23:48, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Great job, now go back to Image:Building of MGD3.jpg and leave a note telling us where you got it. --[[Image:Ottawa flag.png|20px]] Spinboy 23:54, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Malliswari_22.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Malliswari_22.jpg. The image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions, contact Carnildo.

University of Ontario Institute of Technology
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as those in University of Ontario Institute of Technology, but we regretfully cannot accept original research. Please be prepared to cite a reliable source for all of your information. Thanks for your efforts, and happy editing! Ardenn 18:47, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Building of MGD3.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Building of MGD3.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 04:13, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Degroote.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Degroote.jpg. You've indicated that the image is being used under a claim of fair use, but you have not provided an adequate explanation for why it meets Wikipedia's requirements for such images. In particular, for each page the image is used on, the image must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Can you please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for each article the image is used in.
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This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --22:33, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for File:Logo-home.gif}
Thank you for uploading File:Logo-home.gif. However, there is a concern that the rationale provided for using this image under "fair use" may not meet the criteria required by Non-free content. This can be corrected by going to the image description page and add or clarify the reason why the image qualifies for fair use. In particular, for each page the image is used on, the image must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Can you please check:
 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's escription page for each article the image is used in.
 * That every article it is used on is linked to from its description page.

Please be aware that a fair use rationale is not the same as an image copyright tag; descriptions for images used under the fair use policy require both a copyright tag and a fair use rationale.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it might be deleted by adminstrator within a few days in accordance with our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions, please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you. NOTE: once you correct this, please remove the tag from the image's page. STBotI (talk) 01:31, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for File:Logo-home.gif}
Thank you for uploading File:Logo-home.gif. However, there is a concern that the rationale provided for using this image under "fair use" may not meet the criteria required by Non-free content. This can be corrected by going to the image description page and add or clarify the reason why the image qualifies for fair use. In particular, for each page the image is used on, the image must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Can you please check:
 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's escription page for each article the image is used in.
 * That every article it is used on is linked to from its description page.

Please be aware that a fair use rationale is not the same as an image copyright tag; descriptions for images used under the fair use policy require both a copyright tag and a fair use rationale.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it might be deleted by adminstrator within a few days in accordance with our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions, please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you. NOTE: once you correct this, please remove the tag from the image's page. STBotI (talk) 01:31, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Logo-home.gif
 Thanks for uploading File:Logo-home.gif. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude ( talk ) 05:33, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Samsung R&D Institute India, Bangalore

The article Samsung R&D Institute India, Bangalore has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "The article lacks notability and lacks references, therefore making it an under sourced article."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. ExclusiveEditor (talk) 15:47, 25 April 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ven


text:
Talk:George Tsontakis

Copyright problem
This article has been reverted by a bot to as part of a large-scale clean-up project of multiple article copyright infringement. (See the investigation subpage) This has been done to remove User:Accotink2's contributions as they have a history of extensive copyright violation and so it is assumed that all of their major contributions are copyright violations. Earlier text must not be restored, unless it can be verified to be free of infringement. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions must be deleted. Contributors may use sources as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously. VWBot (talk) 13:31, 10 December 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:George Tsontakis


text:
Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra

Abū Saʿīd al-Muhallab ibn Abī Ṣufra al-Azdī (أَبْو سَعِيْد ٱلْمُهَلَّب ابْن أَبِي صُفْرَة ٱلْأَزْدِي; c. 632 –  702) was an Arab general from the Azd tribe who fought in the service of the Rashidun, Umayyad and Zubayrid caliphs between the mid-640s and his death. He served successive terms as the governor of Fars (685–686), Mosul, Arminiya and Adharbayjan (687–688) and Khurasan (698–702). Al-Muhallab's descendants, known as the Muhallabids, became a highly influential family, many of whose members held high office under various Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs, or became well-known scholars.

Throughout his early military career, he participated in the Arab campaigns against the Persians in Fars, Ahwaz, Sistan and Khurasan during the successive reigns of caliphs Umar ((r. 634 – 644)), Uthman ((r. 644 – 656)), Ali ((r. 656 – 661)) and Mu'awiya I ((r. 661 – 680)). By 680, his tribe, the Azd of Oman, had become a major army faction in the Arabs' Basra garrison, the launchpad for the Persian conquest. Following the collapse of Umayyad rule in Iraq and Khurasan in 683–684, during the Second Muslim Civil War, al-Muhallab was pressed by the Basran troops to lead the campaign against the Azariqa, a Kharijite faction which had taken over Ahwaz and threatened Basra. Al-Muhallab landed them a severe blow and drove them into Fars in 685. He was rewarded with the governorship of that province by the anti-Umayyad caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr ((r. 683 – 692)), whose suzerainty had been recognized in Basra in the wake of the Umayyads' ouster. Al-Muhallab later held a command role in the successful Zubayrid campaign to eliminate the Kufa-based ruler al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi in 686/87. After this victory, he was transferred to the governorship of Mosul, where he was charged with protecting Iraq from a potential invasion from Umayyad-controlled Syria.

The resurgence of the Azariqa in Ahwaz in 688/89 saw him transferred once again to that front by the Zubayrids. When the latter were ousted from Iraq by the Umayyads in 691, al-Muhallab switched allegiance to the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik ((r. 685 – 705)), who kept him in command of the war against the Azariqa. With the key support of the powerful Umayyad governor of Iraq, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, al-Muhallab decisively defeated the Kharijites in 698. Throughout the thirteen-year conflict with the Kharijites, al-Muhallab was consistently viewed as indispensable by the Basrans and their Zubayrid and Umayyad rulers. Al-Hajjaj made al-Muhallab governor of Khurasan in 698. From there, he recommenced the Arab conquests in Transoxiana, leading a two-year-long siege of the fortress of Kish. He was ultimately compelled to withdraw to his capital in Merv and died on the way there. He was succeeded by his son Yazid.

Origins, early life and career
Al-Muhallab was born in c. 632. Most sources hold that his father, Abu Sufra, was an Arab from the Azd tribe, with 9th-century historian al-Baladhuri asserting that he belonged to one of the tribe's noble households, the Atik of the Dibba coast. The Azd had dominated Oman (Uman) since the pre-Islamic era and hence were known as the "Azd Uman" to distinguish them from the "Azd Sarat", who were based in western Arabia.

Al-Muhallab and his father were initially settled among the Azd Uman at the Arab military settlement of Tawwaj in Fars. This likely marked the start of al-Muhallab's military career. During the reign of Caliph Umar ((r. 634 – 644)) al-Muhallab participated in operations against the Persians in Ahwaz. He later fought them in Sistan in 653/54, during the reign of Caliph Uthman ((r. 644 – 656)). In 656, during the reign of Caliph Ali ((r. 656 – 661)), al-Muhallab and his father were moved to Basra. Though in the reports cited by 9th-century historians al-Tabari and al-Awtabi, Ali declared Abu Sufra the chief of Azd, the modern historian Patricia Crone holds that "neither Abu Sufra nor al-Muhallab ever held" the chieftainship of the Basran Azd. Rather, they gained prestige and power through their military prowess not their tribal status. At some point during Ali's caliphate, al-Muhallab fought again in Ahwaz.

Between 662 and 665, during the reign of the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I ((r. 661 – 680)), al-Muhallab led a renewed campaign into Sistan, reaching as far as Sindh. In 664, he attacked Banna and al-Ahwar (Lahore), but was countered by local forces. There, he adopted the Indian tradition of trimming the tails of his war horses. After his Sistan campaign, he was transferred, for an unspecified period, to Khurasan front in 670, fighting under the command of al-Hakam ibn Amr al-Ghifari. He returned to this front under the governor of Khurasan, Sa'id ibn Uthman, in 676 and then again in 681, in the company of other reputable Basran generals recruited by the newly-appointed governor, Salm ibn Ziyad. This time he remained in the province for a further three years, after which Umayyad authority collapsed in Khurasan and most of the Caliphate. Salm consequently left the province, initially appointing al-Muhallab as his deputy governor, but the latter was quickly edged out by Abd Allah ibn Khazim al-Sulami. The latter had the backing of the Banu Tamim, a powerful tribal faction in the Khurasan army, while al-Muhallab lacked tribal support as the Azd presence in the province was negligible at the time.

Iraq, and Khurasan with it, ultimately came under the suzerainty of the anti-Umayyad, Mecca-based caliph, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr ((r. 683 – 692)), who appointed al-Muhallab governor of Khurasan. Meanwhile, a mass wave of Azdi tribesmen from Oman had migrated to Basra between 679 and 680, merged with the Azd Sarat already present in the city and formed a strong alliance with the Rabi'a tribal confederation, a major faction in the Basran garrison. After Yazid's governor in the city, Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, was ousted in the aftermath of the caliph's death, the Azdi leader of the Azd–Rabi'a alliance, attempted to gain control of the city and was killed by members of the rival Banu Tamim, the other major faction of the Basran garrison. This precipitated hostilities between the two groups, which spread to Khurasan where troops from both factions were deployed.

First campaign against the Kharijites

Al-Muhallab was unable to take up his assignment in Khurasan due to the opposition of the Basran troops, who pressed him to lead the campaign against the Azariqa, a Kharijite faction that threatened the city. The conflict between the Azd–Rabi'a alliance and the Tamim had strengthened the Azariqa in Ahwaz and spurred them to assault Basra. The Basran troops sent to engage them were defeated and panic ensued in the city. For many months, the Azariqa pillaged the areas between Basra and Ahwaz, killing those who refused to accept their doctrine. When al-Muhallab reached Basra after arriving from Mecca on his way to Khurasan, the leader of the Tamim, al-Ahnaf ibn Qays, proclaimed to the Basran garrison and its Zubayrid governor, al-Harith ibn Abi Rabi'a al-Makhzumi, that "only al-Muhallab" was capable of defeating the Azariqa. After al-Muhallab refused their initial entreaties, the Basran nobles forged a letter from Ibn al-Zubayr calling on him to abandon his assignment to Khurasan and confront the Kharijites instead, which he accepted after securing assurances of loyalty from the troops and sufficient funds from the provincial treasury.

The campaign against the Kharijites "was to occupy him [al-Muhallab], on and off, for the next thirteen years", according to Crone. Under his command, the Zubayrid forces ousted the Azariqa from the Tigris river valley, forcing them to regroup at a place in Ahwaz called Sillabra, where he inflicted a decisive defeat against them in 685, in which 7,000 of their men were killed. The Azariqa consequently retreated east into Fars. Al-Muhallab remained in Ahwaz for a short period until Ibn al-Zubayr's brother, Mus'ab, became governor of Basra. The latter appointed al-Muhallab governor of Fars.

Zubayrid governor of Mosul
By 686/87, al-Muhallab had dispersed the Azariqa in the regions of Basra and Ahwaz and was called on by Mus'ab to join his campaign against al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, the ruler of Kufa. With the key backing of the local mawali, al-Mukhtar had recently suppressed a rebellion by Kufa's Arab nobility, prompting thousands of them to seek refuge and support from Mus'ab in Basra. One of the leading Kufan nobles, Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath, pressed Mus'ab to march against al-Mukhtar, but the former refused unless al-Muhallab agreed to join. After Ibn al-Ash'ath persuaded al-Muhallab to that effect, the latter arrived in Basra "bringing many troops and much money with him, with such troops and in such a state of readiness as none of the people of al-Basrah could match", according to the 8th-century historian Abu Mikhnaf. He was made commander of the Basran army's left wing at the Battle of Madhar, then commander of the right wing at the Battle of Harura, both of which ended in Zubayrid victories over al-Mukhtar's forces. After Kufa was captured and al-Mukhtar killed in early 687, Mus'ab appointed al-Muhallab governor of Mosul, the Jazira, Armenia and Adharbayjan. He replaced al-Mukhtar's governor over these areas, Ibrahim ibn al-Ashtar, who joined the Zubayrids after their victory in Kufa and was transferred to that city. As governor over the region wedged between Zubayrid-controlled Iraq and Umayyad-controlled Syria, al-Muhallab was tasked with protecting the former from an Umayyad invasion. He was also charged with ridding his province of al-Mukhtar's surviving loyalists, the Khashabiyya, who remained in control of Nisibis.

Final campaign against the Kharijites
Al-Muhallab was recalled from Mosul to confront the Azariqa's resurgence and renewed raids against Ahwaz, and Ibn al-Ashtar replaced him as governor. Despite the intensified efforts of al-Muhallab, the Azariqa's defense kept him confined to the west bank of the Dujayl river. In 690, eight months after he was reassigned to the war against the Azariqa, Mus'ab was defeated and killed by the Umayyad army led by Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan at the Battle of Maskin. At the time, al-Muhallab was engaged against the Azariqa in the environs of Ahwaz. Upon hearing news of Abd al-Malik's victory and conquest of Iraq, al-Muhallab had his troops swear allegiance to the Umayyad caliph. Abd al-Malik's kinsman and governor over Basra, Khalid ibn Abdallah, relieved al-Muhallab of command and assigned him to collect the kharaj (land tax) of Ahwaz. The governor's brother, Abd al-Aziz, was appointed in al-Muhallab's place, but was routed by the Azariqa. After Abd al-Malik was informed of his forces' defeat, he sent a letter reproaching Khalid for not utilizing al-Muhallab, "who is fortunate in judgment, good in management, skillful and experienced in war—a man of war, and the son of men of war". Afterward, in 693/94, Abd al-Malik directly appointed al-Muhallab commander of the war against the Azariqa, but later that year, his troops deserted the field against them at Ramhormoz following news of the death of Bishr ibn Marwan, Khalid's replacement as governor of Basra.

Toward the end of 694, Abd al-Malik appointed al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf governor over Iraq (Kufa and Basra) and the latter strongly backed al-Muhallab's campaign. With al-Hajjaj's support, he drove the Azariqa from Ahwaz into Fars as he had done previously and maintained the momentum against them until they withdrew further, into Kerman. They barricaded themselves in Jiroft and split into two factions, one dominated by mawali which remained in Jiroft under the command of a certain Abd Rabbih al-Kabir, and the second, dominated by Arabs led by Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a, which headed north toward Tabaristan. Al-Muhallab defeated Abd Rabbih's faction in Jiroft by 696, killing them in their entirety. During this time, he is credited with introducing iron stirrups on the saddles of his army's war horses, in place of the wooden ones, which could barely withstand a rider's weight. There is no evidence that the horsemen of the ancient world used stirrups and literary sources indicate al-Muhallab's army was the first to use them during the fighting with the Kharijites in southern Persia. Al-Muhallab's innovation would be used thenceforth by Muslim armies. Qatari and his band were later defeated by Sufyan ibn Abrad al-Kalbi in 698/99.

Umayyad governor of Khurasan and death

In 697/98, Khurasan was incorporated into al-Hajjaj's governorship and he appointed al-Muhallab as his deputy governor over the province. The Kharijite rebellions had not taken root in Khurasan and at the time of his appointment, the Tamim formed the strongest army faction in the province. According to the historian Muhammad Abdulhayy Shaban, al-Hajjaj viewed the unruly Tamim's dominance as the major impediment to his policies of centralization and expansion in the eastern half of the Caliphate. His solution was to balance the Tamim with the largely Azd–Rabi'a troops of al-Muhallab. The latter's appointment marked a departure from the Umayyad tradition of appointing a member of the (factionally neutral) Quraysh as governor of Khurasan.

By dint of his battlefield reputation and al-Hajjaj's resolute support, al-Muhallab secured the loyalty of the Khurasani troops. He renewed their focus on the Muslim conquests in Transoxiana, which would serve as a means for the Azdi troops he brought from Iraq, and the longer-established Khurasani troops, to acquire war spoils. Al-Muhallab began his term in 698 by preparing an army in the provincial capital of Merv, composed of his men from the campaigns against the Azariqa, Khurasani troops and local forces commanded by the mawali brothers Thabit and Hurayth ibn Qutba. In 699, after leaving his son al-Mughira in charge of Merv, he led this army on an expedition to conquer Transoxiana. To that effect, he captured the fortress of Zamm, a crossing point guarding the Oxus river, and recruited its ruler, who converted to Islam.

After crossing the Oxus, al-Muhallab reached his main target, the fortress of Kish in Soghdia. He besieged it for two years, despite counsels to abandon it and proceed deeper into Soghdia. From his camp outside Kish, he often dispatched contingents commanded by his sons against neighboring areas, though their gains were negligible. After news of his son al-Mughira's death in Merv in 701, he secured a tributary arrangement with Kish's defenders and withdrew toward the provincial capital. While the traditional Muslim sources generally attribute his withdrawal to heartbreak over al-Mughira's death, al-Mada'ini notes that a conspiracy by troops of the Mudar (the alliance of the Tamim and Qays factions of the Basran and Khurasani armies) in his camp prompted him to abandon the war effort. Shaban surmises that a combination of both factors, in addition to Tamimi infighting in al-Muhallab's camp and tensions emanating from the wide-scale revolt by the governor of Sistan, Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath, in 700, all led al-Muhallab to "return to Merv to put his own house in order before trying to make any advances in Transoxiana". Ibn al-Ash'ath's forces swept westward through Fars and at one point gained control of Kufa and Basra before being stamped out by al-Hajjaj and his Syrian troops in 701. Al-Muhallab remained loyal to the Umayyads during the tumult. He died at Marw al-Rudh, on the way to Merv, in 702.

Legacy
The historian Hugh Kennedy describes al-Muhallab as "a figure of almost legendary prowess on the battlefield and a man with a great reputation as a commander", which he gained in "hard, unrewarding campaigning" against the Azariqa in the unfavorable terrain of Fars and Ahwaz. According to Julius Wellhausen, though al-Muhallab's career in Khurasan "did not add to his renown in war", it brought about a development of "great importance" in the province: the influx of the Azd. A small number of Azdi tribesmen had already been present, but it was only under al-Muhallab that the Azd gained prominence in Khurasan. Together with their allies from the Rabi'a, they counted 21,000 soldiers out of the 40,000-strong Arab army of Khurasan, and ended the previous dominance of the Tamim–Mudar alliance; a balance of power was thenceforth established, tilted only by support from the governor to either side. Al-Muhallab was succeeded by his son Yazid as governor. During this period, the Muslim conquest of Makran was consolidated and the Azd, the predominant Arab faction in this region, gained considerable wealth. The Azd held al-Muhallab in high esteem and commemorated him and his accomplishments in legendary tales and song.

The descendants of al-Muhallab and his father Abu Sufra, known as the Muhallabids, became a prominent family, "famed for their numbers and their remarkable role in early Islamic history" according to Crone. They lost their fortunes with the death of their patron, Caliph Sulayman ((r. 715 – 717)), and several of them died during Yazid's abortive revolt against Caliph Yazid II ((r. 720 – 724)). They later staged a comeback during the Third Muslim Civil War, during which they rebelled against the Umayyads, and many of their members held high office under various caliphs of the Abbasid dynasty, which had overthrown the Umayyads in 750.

title: Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra


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Talk:Cassandra (disambiguation)

Cassandra (disambiguation): I have added articles on Cassandra Chen and Morningstar pass after people complained about lack of links

Apache Cassandra is by Facebook or Apache Software Foundation?
Hmm? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.69.57.209 (talk) 09:51, 22 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cassandra (disambiguation)


text: User talk:24.211.143.60

title: User talk:24.211.143.60


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Talk:Embassy of France, Washington, D.C.

Unclear wording

 * With some 400 staffers, France's embassy in Washington is its largest foreign embassy.

France's largest foreign embassy or Washington's?--Pharos 23:51, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Cleared up. - SimonP 00:20, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Expansion and copy edit
hi, Jeansoulin, i copyedited a little, link in header is better as an external link. found a slide show with mission statement. Slowking4 : 7@1|x 19:18, 2 November 2011 (UTC)


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User talk:Alien~enwiki

I'm Not On Your Back
I'm not on your back, also you aren't logged in. You're editing under your ip, you might want to fix that. Privat e   Butcher  23:53, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

sorry? I don't undersand??165.21.154.110 02:59, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

huh ???? why am i blocked??

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

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Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Alien. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Alien~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:22, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alien~enwiki


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Talk:History of Vladivostok

Old talk
Okeansky Prospekt should not be translated as Okeansky Avenue! It should be translated as Ocean Avenue, or Oceanic Avenue. Okean means Ocean, and Okeansky is a derived adjective. Of course, this doesn't imply that this street is a Venice-like sea lane; it is merely a name, like Red Sea or Greenland. --Grzes 23:53, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

More old talk
There is a claim widely circulated at Chinese web sites that the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance of 14 August 1945 suggested that China would regain Vladivostok 50 years later. However, I have to verify the truthfulness of this before I add this ti any article.--Jusjih 16:23, 24 April 2006 (UTC)
 * What does it mean, regain? China never controlled Vladivostok, only the territory on which it is now located, and that was way before 1945.  Checking the facts should be fairly easy, as long as you can get a hold of the Treaty text.—Ëzhiki (ërinacëus amurënsis) • (yo?); 16:58, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

 * "China never controlled Vladivostok, only the territory on which it is located": difference? that's like saying konigsberg and kaliningrad aren't the same place because they have different names! --Sumple (Talk) 10:32, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 * No, it is not. Königsberg and Kaliningrad are the same city.  Empty land claimed by China in the times long gone and the city that was built there by Russians after the Chinese ceded that land is a quite different matter.  One cannot regain the city one never had in the first place.—Ëzhiki (ërinacëus amurënsis) • (yo?); 12:23, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I have meant that some claims suggest that China would regain the land around what is now Vladivostok, but I will try to verify its truthfulness. Many Chinese people still call the city Hai3shen1wai3.--Jusjih 14:01, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Please do verify. So far it sounds no different than Russian "claims" to Alaska, which are simply a combination of wishful thinking, nationalism, and dislike of Americans.  Thanks.—Ëzhiki (ërinacëus amurënsis) • (yo?); 14:51, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 * It doesn't sound very legit - and anyway the 1945 treaty has been superceded by more recent territorial treaties. --Sumple (Talk) 04:14, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
 * The friendship treaty signed in 1945 does exist. It stipulates that "a referendum is to be held at the Vladivostok region in 1995 to determine its sovereignty status" meaning if its inhabitants voted Vladivostok to be returned to China it would become Chinese by 1995.  Obviously the People's Republic of China came into being in 1949 and the Soviet Union recognized the PRC.  The treaty became moot by default.  I don't see the issue revives for the time being unless there is something dramatic happens to China. --JNZ 03:11, 1 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Wow, I've never heard this before. Would you happen to have a link to the text of this treaty, preferrably in English or Russian (unfortunately, I cannot read Chinese)?  Or, a full name of the document would also be helpful.  Thanks!—Ëzhiki (ërinacëus amurënsis) • (yo?); 12:13, 1 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm rather doubtful about this treaty's provisions about Vladivostok now. The Chinese version of the 1945 Sino-Soviet Frendship Treaty is online at the Republic of China's (Taiwan) Ministry of Foreign Affairs's online database.  I have looked through the main sections and all the provisions, but there is no mention of Vladivostok.  So we should leave this as a speculation at best. --JNZ 00:03, 6 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Could you provide a link, please? I cannot read Chinese, but the link from may be a good reference for other editors.  Thanks!—Ëzhiki (ërinacëus amurënsis) • (yo?); 16:52, 6 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Sure, they are here. I should correct myself that it is from the ROC Laws and Regulations Database from the Republic of China's Ministry of Justice rather than Minisory of Foreign Affaris.  The full Chinese name is 中華民國蘇維埃社會主義共和國聯邦友好同盟條約 and you can try this search key on the database homepage - treaty section: http://law.moj.gov.tw/Law/LawSearchAgree.aspx
 * http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=Y0010082 The Sino-Soviet Treaty of Alliance and Friendship (in Chinese)
 * http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=Y0010083 The Sino-Soviet Treaty of Alliance and Friendship - Exchange of Notes (in Chinese)
 * http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=Y0010084 The Sino-Soviet Treaty of Alliance and Friendship - Agreement Concerning the Port of Lusheng (in Chinese)
 * http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=Y0010085 The Sino-Soviet Treaty of Alliance and Friendship - Agreement Concerning Dalian (in Chinese)
 * http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=Y0010087 The Sino-Soviet Treaty of Alliance and Friendship - Agreement Concerning the Changchun Railway (in Chinese)
 * Another source says that the claim of Vladivostok holding a referendum in 1995 to determine its status is recorded in the Sino-Soviet Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), and it is recorded as "Chinese proposals" and "grounds for negotiations". I think this is the problem: this was the ROC's negotiation line and the Soviet Union agreed to further discussions in the MOU but it did not quite agree to holding the referendum yet.  Then 1949 came and of course the game changed. --JNZ 05:09, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

Russian?
The prisoners were Soviet, not only Russian. Xx236 08:01, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

Koreans forced out? Bullshit!
During the reign of Josef Stalin... all Koreans were forced out as well. - that's complete bullshit, because a lot of Koreans fled INTO the USSR during the Korean War. I have two classmates, who are decendants of those people.--Shakura 13:50, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I have done some research and found that Stalin really did initiate a Korean deportation along with many other ethnic groups. It is called a massive "ethnic cleansing". Take a look at this PDF: Tracing the Steps of Stalin's Unreliable People - University of Michigan I think I'm going to add this to the article references. WinterSpw 14:57, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:History of Vladivostok


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MV Colombo Express

Colombo Express was one of the largest container ships in the world. When launched in 2005, she was claimed by her owner to be the world's largest container ship, a title she held until Emma Mærsk was launched in 2006.

Colombo Express holds, 730 refrigerated (reefer) TEUs, is 1099 ft long, and has a beam, or width, of 140 ft. She is owned by the German shipping company Hapag-Lloyd, and operated by its Hapag-Lloyd Container Line division. She is named for Colombo, the largest city in Sri Lanka, which the predecessor company, North American Lloyd, first called on in 1886. She is the first of eight proposed Colombo Express class vessels, and is only slightly larger (approximately 4%) than her Savannah Express class cousins, the (700 reefer) ships Savannah Express and Houston Express.

Colombo Express has a gross tonnage of 93,750 and had a deadweight capacity of 104,400 tonnes. Her rated speed is 25.0 kn. Built in South Korea by Hyundai Heavy Industries in 2004–2005, she was christened on 11 April 2005, and her diesel engine generates 93500 hp of power.

Colombo Express operates out of the home port of Hamburg, and will mainly travel from Europe to Southeast Asia and back in 56-day round-trips.

Collision with Maersk Tanjong
On 29 September 2014, Colombo Express was involved in a collision with MV Maersk Tanjong, sustained a 65 ft dent to its left side and causing delays to traffic through the Suez Canal. Footage of the incident was caught on video by a spectator and posted on YouTube.

Colombo Express class
Colombo Express class ships:
 * Bremen Express
 * Chicago Express
 * Colombo Express
 * Hanover Express
 * Kuala Lumpur Express
 * Kyoto Express
 * Osaka Express
 * Tsingtao Express

title: MV Colombo Express


text:
Patrick Mower

Patrick Mower (born Patrick Archibald Shaw; 12 September 1938) is an English actor who has portrayed the role of Rodney Blackstock in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale since 2000. As well as portraying Rodney, Mower has appeared in various films and television series, including Swizzlewick, The Devil Rides Out, Monella, Callan, Special Branch and Target.

Early life and education
Mower was born the youngest of three boys in Oxford, to a Welsh father and an English mother, Peggy. In his 2007 autobiography, Mower states that he believed for years that his year of birth was 1940, but later he discovered that his birth was not registered and he was born on 12 September 1938. After first training as an engineering draughtsman at the Cowley plant of Pressed Steel Company, Mower graduated from RADA.

Career
Mower first came to prominence in the early 1970s, as the ruthless government assassin James Cross in the ITV spy series Callan. He then appeared as DCI Tom Haggerty in Special Branch, Det. Supt. Steve Hackett in the police series Target, and featured in one of the last Carry On films, Carry On England. In the late 1960s, at the age of 28, Mower auditioned and was considered for the role of James Bond in the James Bond franchise. However, he was told that he was too young. Mower's television roles afterwards included guest appearances in Jason King, Space: 1999, UFO (episode "The Square Triangle"), Minder, The Sweeney and Bergerac. In October 2000, he made his first appearance as Rodney Blackstock in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale, a role he has portrayed since.

Radio

 * The Shuttleworths, Open Mind, episode 1, UFOs, 2006, appears as self

He also appeared in the lead role of Detective Constable 'Birdie' Partridge in Chris Boucher (writer)'s 1981 mystery radio serial A Walk in the Dark.

title: Patrick Mower