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Broadwater Farm

Broadwater Farm, often referred to simply as "The Farm", is an area in Tottenham, North London, straddling the River Moselle. The eastern half of the area is dominated by the Broadwater Farm Estate ("BWFE"), an experiment in high-density social housing, loosely based on Corbusian ideas, dominated by concrete towers connected by walkways (the controversial, so-called "Streets in the sky"), built in the late 1960s using cheap but fire-vulnerable pre-fabricated concrete panels. The western half of the area is taken up by Lordship Recreation Ground, one of north London's largest parks. Broadwater Farm in 2011 had a population of 4,844. The estate is owned by Haringey London Borough Council.

Following the publication of Alice Coleman's Utopia on Trial in 1985, the area acquired a reputation as one of the worst places to live in the United Kingdom. This perception was exacerbated when serious rioting erupted later that year.

After the 1985 riot there was a major redevelopment programme, after which crime rates initially fell. However, it is still associated with gangs with numerous stabbings and other violent crime occurring in and around the area.

Well known for its large Afro-Caribbean heritage, it is one of the most ethnically diverse locations in London; in 2005 its official population of 3,800 included residents of 39 different nationalities.

Broadwater Farm was completed in the early 1970s and built using the same Taylor Woodrow-Anglian system of prefabricated panels as Ronan Point. In June 2018, following tests conducted after the Grenfell Tower fire, Haringey Council announced hundreds of families would have to be evacuated because eleven of the towers are at risk of catastrophic collapse in the event of a fire. At least two may have to be demolished.

Location
Broadwater Farm is situated in the valley of the Moselle, approximately six miles (10 km) north of the City of London. It is situated in a deep depression immediately south of Lordship Lane, between the twin junctions of Lordship Lane and The Roundway. It is immediately adjacent to Bruce Castle, approximately 547 yards (500 m) from the centre of Tottenham, and 1.2 miles (2 km) from Wood Green.

Early history
Until the opening of the nearby Bruce Grove railway station on 22 July 1872 the area was still rural, although close in proximity to London and the growing suburb of Tottenham. Aside from a small group of buildings clustered around neighbouring Bruce Castle, the only buildings in the area were the farmhouse and outbuildings of Broadwater Farm, then still a working farm.

Following construction of the railways to Tottenham and Wood Green, suburban residential development in the surrounding area took place rapidly. However, due to waterlogging and flooding caused by the River Moselle, Broadwater Farm was considered unsuitable for development and remained as farmland. By 1920, Broadwater Farm was the last remaining agricultural land on Lordship Lane, surrounded by housing on all sides.

In 1932 Tottenham Urban District Council purchased Broadwater Farm. The western half was drained and converted for recreational use as Lordship Recreation Ground, while the eastern half was kept vacant for prospective development and used as allotments. Heavy concrete dikes were built to reduce flooding of the Moselle in Lordship Recreation Ground, whilst on the eastern half of the farm, the river was covered to run in culvert as far as Tottenham Cemetery.

Broadwater Farm Estate
In 1967, construction of the Broadwater Farm Estate began on the site of the allotments. An area of the southeastern part of the park was used to replace the allotments destroyed by the new construction. As initially built, the estate contained 1,063 flats, providing homes for 3,000–4,000 people. The design of the estate was loosely inspired by Le Corbusier, and characterised by large concrete blocks and tall towers.

Because of the high water table and the flood risk caused by the Moselle, which flows through the site, no housing was built at ground level. Instead, the ground level was entirely occupied by car parks. The buildings were linked by a system of interconnected walkways - the "streets in the sky" - at first floor level known as the "deck level". Shops and amenities were also located on the deck level. While this reduced flood risk for residences and businesses, it resulted in there being no "eyes on the street" at ground level, and decreased the feeling of community. As in similarly-designed developments, the walkways and especially the stairwells could not be seen by anyone elsewhere, so there was no deterrent to crime and disorder; no "eyes on the street" as advocated by Jane Jacobs in her book The Death and Life of Great American Cities.

The 12 interconnected buildings were each named after a different World War II RAF aerodrome. The most conspicuous buildings are the very tall Northolt and Kenley towers, and the large ziggurat-shaped Tangmere block.

Deterioration
By 1973, problems with the estate were becoming apparent; the walkways of the deck level created dangerously isolated areas which became hotspots for crime and robbery, and provided easy escape routes for criminals. The housing was poorly maintained by authorities. It suffered badly from water leakages, pest infestations (including a serious outbreak of cockroaches) and electrical faults. More than half of the people offered accommodation in the estate refused it, and the majority of existing residents had applied to be re-housed elsewhere.

In 1976, less than ten years after the estate opened, the Department of the Environment concluded that the estate was of such poor quality that the only solution was demolition. While residents objected to conditions on the estate, some also opposed the demolition plan. Relations between the community and the local authority became increasingly confrontational. A process of redevelopment began in 1981, but was hampered by a lack of funds and an increasingly negative public perception of the area.

Utopia on Trial
By the time Alice Coleman's critique of 1960s planned housing, Utopia on Trial (1985), was published, the estate was regarded as being representative of unsuccessful large-scale social housing projects. When a major exhibition by Le Corbusier in the mid-1980s was unable to attract sponsorship, the refusal of sponsors to be associated with his name was attributed to the "Broadwater Farm factor".

The book's criticism of alleged "lapses of civilised behaviour" on Le Corbusier-inspired estates, claiming that residents of such buildings were far more likely to commit and to be victims of anti-social behaviour, were highly influential on the Thatcher government. Although the book focused on Tower Hamlets and Southwark and did not discuss Broadwater Farm, by the time it was published, the estate was becoming synonymous with this type of housing. The government began to put pressure on Haringey London Borough Council to improve the area.

Tenants' Association and the Youth Association
Although the demographics of Broadwater Farm at the time were roughly 50% black and 50% white, the Tenants' Association was all white. It was regarded with increasing distrust by black residents and those whites who were not connected with the Association. In 1981, residents set up the rival "Youth Association". It was praised by many members of the local black community for challenging the Special Patrol Group's perceived harassment of local youths and of black residents of the estate. In 1983, the council gave the Tenants' Association an empty shop to use as an office and a vague authority to "deal with local problems". This apparent favoritism heightened antagonism between the Tenants' Association and Youth Association, which in turn set up its own youth club, advice centre, estate watchdog and local lobbying group.

Early regeneration projects
Despite a lack of funds and willingness on the part of the council to commit to regeneration, by 1985 progress was made in solving the area's problems. Pressure from the Tenants' Association and the Youth Association forced the council to open a Neighbourhood Office. In 1983, a tenants' empowerment agency, Priority Estates Project, was appointed to coordinate residents' complaints and concerns. Residents were included on interview panels for council staff dealing with the estate.

A number of initiatives aimed at providing activities for disaffected local youths and at integrating the mixture of ethnic communities in the area appeared to be succeeding; Sir George Young, then Minister for Inner Cities, secured significant funding for improvements. Broadwater Farm began to be seen as a case study in regenerating a failed housing development. Princess Diana paid a visit to the estate in February 1985, to commend the improvements being made, but much of the apparent progress was superficial. The problems caused by the deck-level walkways had not been solved; children from Broadwater Farm were still under-achieving academically in comparison to the surrounding areas; the unemployment rate stood at 42%; and there was a mutual distrust between the local residents—particularly those from the Afro-Caribbean community—and the predominantly White British and non-local police force.

Broadwater Farm riot
There had been earlier riots in Brixton and in Handsworth in Birmingham, which were indicative of a period of rising racial tension, during which some police methods such as raids, saturation policing and stop and search tactics increased the frustration of some members of the black community.

Floyd Jarrett, whose home was about a mile from the Farm, was arrested by police on 5 October 1985, having given false details when stopped in a car with an allegedly false tax disc. While he was in custody, four officers attended his home to conduct a search. During the search, his mother Cynthia Jarrett collapsed and died. It has never been satisfactorily concluded how and why Cynthia Jarrett died, and whether it was a heart attack or due to police actions.

The next day, 6 October 1985, saw a small demonstration outside Tottenham police station, which initially passed off relatively peacefully other than a bottle being thrown through one of the station's windows. At 3.15 pm two officers were attacked and seriously injured by the crowd, suffering gunshot wounds. Three journalists were also treated for gunshot wounds.

Murder of PC Keith Blakelock
At 6.45 pm a police van answering a 999 call to Broadwater Farm was surrounded and attacked. As further police officers made their way to the area, rioters erected barricades on the deck level and the emergency services withdrew from the deck level. At 9.30 pm fire broke out in a newsagent's shop on the deck level of the Tangmere block. Firefighters attempting to put out the fire came under attack, and police attended to assist them. As the situation escalated, police and firefighters withdrew. In the withdrawal, PCs Keith Blakelock and Richard Coombes became separated from other officers. A group of around 40 people attacked them with sticks, knives and machetes, leading to PC Blakelock's death and serious injuries to PC Coombes. As news of the death spread, the rioting subsided. Local council leader Bernie Grant claims to have been misquoted as saying that "What the police got was a bloody good hiding".

Three local residents, Mark Braithwaite, Engin Raghip and Winston Silcott, were convicted of PC Blakelock's murder. However, three years later their convictions were overturned when it was discovered that police notes of their interviews had been tampered with. The person or persons guilty of the murder have never been identified but in 2010, a man was arrested on suspicion of murdering PC Blakelock.

Reconstruction
After the events of 1985, Broadwater Farm became the focus of an intensive £33 million regeneration programme in response to the problems highlighted by the riots. The all-white Tenants Association was restructured to more accurately reflect the community, and residents' concerns seriously addressed by the authorities. A local management team was brought in to oversee improvements to the estate and to collect rents and enforce regulations, instead of continuing to attempt to run the estate centrally from Haringey Council's central offices. The deck level was dismantled and the overhead walkways demolished, with the shops and amenities relocated to a single ground-level strip of road to transform the semi-derelict Willan Road into a "High Street" for the area. The surrounding areas were landscaped and each building redesigned to give it a unique identity.

A network of council-run CCTV cameras was installed to monitor the streets and car parks, and each building staffed by a concierge to deter unwanted visitors. Two giant murals were painted which now dominate the area, one of a waterfall on the side of Debden block and one depicting Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., John Lennon and Bob Marley on Rochford block. Disused shops left empty following the withdrawal of businesses after the riots were converted into low-cost light industrial units to provide employment opportunities for residents and prevent capital from flowing out of the area. Since the redevelopment, the flow of people leaving the estate has slowed to a trickle, and there is now a lengthy waiting list for housing.

Demolition proposed
Following tests conducted in the wake of the 2017 Grenfell Tower disaster, Haringey Council announced on 20 June 2018 the evacuation of two of the blocks. Eleven of the blocks were structurally unsafe and vulnerable to collapse if a gas pipe or gas canister were to explode or if vehicle were to strike the base of the buildings. Tangmere House, a six-storey block, and Northholt, an 18-storey block, are those worst affected, and would be demolished. The blocks were built using the same large-panel system used on Ronan Point, where a gas explosion in 1968 caused progressive collapse, killing four people.

Safety worries
Broadwater Farm was built using the same Taylor Woodrow-Anglian system of panels as Ronan Point. The domino-like system of large structural slabs speeded the building and allowed cheaper, less expert labour to be used to assemble the prefabricated panels. Even so, construction standards were ignored; mortar joints stuffed with newspaper reduced drying time and weakened the buildings. The blocks were inspected for safety in 1985 about the same time that gas was installed. Gaps, wide enough to see the flat below, were found between the external wall panels and the edge of the floor slabs. The gaps opened and closed depending on temperature. Fire could push them out of alignment and would cause the collapse of the building.

Crime rates
After the regeneration, crime in and around Broadwater initially improved. In the first quarter of 2005, there were not any reported robberies or outdoor assaults on Broadwater Farm, and only a single burglary, from which all property was recovered and the suspect arrested; this compares with 875 burglaries, 50 robberies and 50 assaults in the third quarter of 1985, immediately preceding the riot. In an independent 2003 survey of all the estate's residents, only 2% said they considered the area unsafe, the lowest figure for any area in London. In 2005 the Metropolitan Police disbanded the Broadwater Farm Unit altogether as it was no longer required in an area with such a low crime rate.

However, crime rates have since increased.

OFB (The Original Farm Boys) is the current gang associated with the Broadwater Farm Estate.

However, as of November 2021 at least one person on the estate still identified as part of the Farm Mandem gang. The Farm Mandem gang, otherwise known as the Tottenham Mandem, was operational at the time of the Broadwater Farm riot, and one of its early members, Mark Lambie, was a suspect in the murder of PC Keith Blacklock

Mark Lambie rose to become leader of the gang, and was jailed for 12 years in 2002 for luring two men to the Broadwater Farm estate where he captured them at gunpoint and then imprisoned them and tortured them with a hammer, a hot iron and boiling water.

There have been numerous more recent stabbings in and around the estate, including:

- On 30 August 2019, the murder of 15-year-old Perry Jordan Brammer on the estate. Romario Lindo stabbed him 10 times for intervening to attempt to prevent the theft of a £90 pair of trainers from a 14 year old

- On 23 July 2020, two 15-year-old boys and a 19 year old man shot on the estate, believed to be gang related

- On 1 August 2021, the murder of 16-year-old Stelios Averkiou in Lordship Recreation Ground

- On 14 June 2022, a 17-year-old boy travelling on a bus on Higham Road was found to have been stabbed. Officers responded with London's Air Ambulance and the boy survived

The Met Violence Suppression Unit, formed in 2020 to target violence and gang-related crime, is active in Broadwater Farm.

At the time of writing (October 2022), the most recent month where crime data is provided is July 2022 during which 44 crimes were reported in Broadwater Farm, including 11 violent and sexual offences.

Places of interest
Bruce Castle, once the home of Rowland Hill, inventor of the postage stamp, is on the north side of Lordship Lane immediately opposite Broadwater Farm. It was built by William Compton in the 16th century, and has been a public museum since 1906. It houses the public archives of Haringey Council, as well as a large display on the history of the postal system.

Broadwater Farm is home to the Broadwater United football coaching programme. Set up in the aftermath of the events of 1985 with the intention of providing a focus for local youths, it has subsequently produced a number of professional footballers, including Jobi McAnuff, Lionel Morgan and Jude Stirling, son of the programme manager Clasford Stirling.

Schools
In 2007 a new Children's Centre opened on the estate, with nursery places for 104 children. It is considered one of the best designed nursery schools in the world, and won the Royal Institute of British Architects's Award for 2007.

Broadwater Farm contains Broadwater Inclusive Learning Community, which comprises The Willow (a two-form entry primary school), The Brook (120 space special school), Broadwaters’ Children Centre (school nursery, childcare for under 5s and a vast range of community services) and Broadwaters' Extended School Service (breakfast, after school and holiday provision). Secondary education is provided by nearby Woodside High School, formerly named White Hart Lane School, approximately 200m outside the Broadwater Farm area.

Shops
Following the riots, many shops in Broadwater Farm withdrew from the area, and those that remained closed following the demolition of the deck level. Broadwater Farm is consequently extremely poorly served by shops. Haringey Council has provided 21 small "enterprise units" at a deliberately low cost to entice firms to open in the area, but these have proved hard to fill. However, Broadwater Farm is only 400m from the shops and supermarkets of Tottenham High Road, and approximately 2 km from the Shopping City supermall at Wood Green.

Transport
Due to the waterlogged ground and lack of population prior to the containment of the Moselle, Broadwater Farm was bypassed by the Underground. Bruce Grove railway station, 400m east of the estate, connects the area to central London. Because of the narrow streets, double-decker and bendy buses are unable to serve the area. From 11 February 2006 the W4 route, which utilises Alexander Dennis Enviro200 Dart to navigate the narrow streets and sharp bends, was diverted to run into the estate, providing direct public transport links for the first time. A number of other bus routes run along Lordship Lane, immediately to the north and Philip Lane to the south. Turnpike Lane Underground station is within walking distance to the south west.

Demographics
There are currently between 3,800 and 4,000 residents of Broadwater Farm. Following the events of 1985 a number of local residents left and were replaced mainly by recent immigrants particularly Kurds, Somalis and Congolese, but still maintains its large Afro-Caribbean heritage. In 2005, approximately 70% of residents were from an ethnic minority background and 39 different languages were spoken on the estate. In 2011, 13.4% of residents were White British, 11.9% were Asian and 36.1% were Black.

title: Broadwater Farm


text: Category:Pyrénées-Atlantiques

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Pyrénées-Atlantiques


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Harris Park railway station

Harris Park railway station is located on the Main Western line, serving the Sydney suburb of Harris Park. It is served by Sydney Trains T1 Western Line T2 Inner West & Leppington Line and T5 Cumberland Line services.

History
Harris Park station opened in the late 1800s. Originally built as two side platforms, both were rebuilt as island platforms during the quadruplication of the Granville to Westmead line in the mid-1980s. On 2 November 1996, the Harris Park to Merrylands Y-Link opened allowing direct train operation between these two stations by what is now known as the Cumberland Line.

On 30 June 2013, a landslide occurred and a retaining wall collapsed in heavy rain, burying one track and partially covering platform 4.

An accessibility upgrade, including lift access to the station, was announced in 2015.

Track plan

title: Harris Park railway station


text:
User talk:Gbv

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text:
Likasi

Likasi (formerly official names: Jadotville (French) and Jadotstad (Dutch)) is a city in Haut-Katanga Province, in the south-east of the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Demographics
Likasi has a population of around 635,000 (2015). During the 1990s the United Nations set up feeding centres and refugee centres in and around Likasi to assist with the refugees fleeing ethnic violence in Shaba, whose arrival had increased the population of the town some 41,000.

History
Shinkolobwe mine, 20 km west of Likasi (then called Jadotville), was described by a 1943 Manhattan Project intelligence report as the most important deposit of uranium yet discovered in the world. The uranium from this mine was used to build the atomic bombs used in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. In 1961, during the United Nations intervention in the Katanga conflict, a company of Irish UN troops deployed to Jadotville fought valiantly, but was besieged and eventually surrendered to troops loyal to the Katangese Prime Minister Moïse Tshombe.

Economy
Likasi remains a centre for industry, especially mining, and is a transport hub for the surrounding region. There are mines and refineries supplied by nearby deposits of copper and cobalt. A $17 million crushing plant was installed in nearby Kamatanda that became operational at the start of 2019. The crushed ore is fed to the Heap Leach Unit in Panda, then the copper-containing solution is taken to the electrolysis room at the Shituru Factories in Likasi, where high-quality copper electrodes are produced. There is also an abandoned gold mine in Likasi, which has been commercially depleted but is still dug by artisanal miners.

Transport
Likasi is served by a station on the national railway system. The trains are mostly cargo trains and not passenger trains.

Climate
Likasi has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa).

title: Likasi


text:
User talk:Mr.Brightside~enwiki

Welcome
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you very much for your contributions so far. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
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 * Manual of Style

You might also want to consider changing your username before you get too invested in your current one. Although you are allowed to use just about any name, many Wikipedians encourage others to use real names. I would suggest that you do this. I can certainly understand that you might be uncomfortable using your real name online, but, in this case, I recommend that you choose an alias that resembles a real name. For instance, my name is Nat Krause, but I could just as well have a username such as "Eli Miller" or "Abe Sokolov".

If you are choosing a pseudonym, please do not use the names of famous people or fictional characters. An obscure literary reference is probably all right. As always, please avoid anything that could be considered offensive or inappropriate.

Note that, on Wikipedia, you can use spaces and capital letters; for instance, "T. K. Truong" is possible, rather than simply "tktruong".

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! - Nat Krause 11:25, 6 October 2005 (UTC), (Talk!) ... P.S.: Nice quote!

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Mr.Brightside~enwiki


text: Category:Gironde

title: Category:Gironde


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Meter Point Administration Number

A Meter Point Administration Number, also known as MPAN, Supply Number or S-Number, is a 21-digit reference used in Great Britain to uniquely identify electricity supply points such as individual domestic residences. The system was introduced in 1998 to aid creation of a competitive environment for the electricity companies, and allows consumers to switch their supplier easily as well as simplifying administration. Although the name suggests that an MPAN refers to a particular meter, an MPAN can have several meters associated with it, or indeed none where it is an unmetered supply. A supply receiving power from the network operator (DNO) has an import MPAN, while generation and microgeneration projects feeding back into the DNO network are given export MPANs.

The equivalent for gas supplies is the Meter Point Reference Number and the water/wastewater equivalent for non-household customers is the Supply Point ID.

Structure
An MPAN is commonly separated into two sections: the core and the top line data. The core is the final 13 digits and is the unique identifier. The top line data gives information about the characteristics of the supply and is the responsibility of the supplier.

The full MPAN is required to be depicted on electricity bills (the boxes on the top and bottom line are generally unaligned).

The core data is on the second line, the supplementary data on the first. Only the last digit on the bottom row is the check digit.

Profile Class (PC)
The first two digits of a full MPAN reflect its profile class.

Profile class 00 supplies are half-hourly (HH) metered, i.e. they record electricity consumption for every half hour of every day, and supplies of the other profile classes are non-half-hourly (NHH) metered. A NHH supply must be upgraded to HH where:

Any Metering System where the average of the maximum monthly electrical demands in the three months of highest demand, either in:
 * a. the previous twelve months; or
 * b. the period since the most recent Significant Change of Demand (whichever is the shorter)

exceeds 100kW.

HH data is recorded by the meter and collected by an onsite download, or by remote communication methods such as GSM, SMS, GPRS or telephone line.

Domestic NHH import MPANs always have a profile class of 01 or 02. Domestic NHH export MPANs are allocated a profile class of 08.

Meter Time Switch Code (MTC)
The MTC is a 3 digit code that reflects the various registers a meter may have, such as a single rate, day/night split, or a seasonal time of day.

Line Loss Factor Class (LLFC)
The Line Loss Factor Class or LLFC is an alphanumeric code used to identify the related Distribution Use of System (DUoS) charges for the MPAN. The figure reflects both the amount of distribution infrastructure used to supply the exit point and the amount of energy lost through heating of cables, transformers, etc.

Core
The MPAN core is the final 13 digits of the MPAN, and uniquely identifies an exit point. It consists of a two-digit Distributor ID, followed by an eight-digit unique identifier, then by two digits and a single check digit.

Distributor ID
Great Britain is divided into fourteen distribution areas. For each area a single company, the distribution network operator, has a licence to distribute electricity. They effectively carry electricity from the National Grid to the exit points (each having a unique MPAN and a possibility of several meters) where the customers are. The owner of the distribution network charges electricity suppliers for carrying the electricity in their network. Their DNO licensed regions are the same geographic areas as the former nationalised electricity boards.

In addition to the distribution network operators noted above who are licensed for a specific geographic area, there are also independent distribution network operators (IDNOs). These own and operate electricity distribution networks which are mostly network extensions connected to the existing distribution network, e.g. to serve new housing developments.

Scottish Hydro Electric Power Distribution also provide distribution services in South Scotland as an IDNO and Southern Electric Power Distribution provide IDNO services in all other England and Wales areas. Other IDNOs have no "base" area.

MPAN state
The supply identified by the MPAN can be in one of four states: disconnected, de-energised, live, and new.

 * Disconnected: The service cable has been removed and the MPAN will not be reused.
 * De-energised: The service cable is in place, but the fuse has been removed. The meter remains connected to the distribution network, but no electricity can be used.
 * Live: Both the service cable and the fuse are in place. The supply is fully operational.
 * New: A new MPAN has been generated, however, the top line (supplementary data consisting of the Profile Class and Meter Time-Switch Code) is not yet complete. The service cable may or may not be installed.

These terms are by no means standardised. For example, a disconnected supply might be referred to as a 'dead' supply.

Export MPANs
The vast majority of MPANs are import MPANs, where energy is being consumed. However, if a supply exports to the distribution network, then an export MPAN is issued. If a supply both imports and exports, then both an import MPAN and export MPAN are issued.

Microgeneration
Formerly, export MPANs required a half-hourly compliant meter to be installed. Since 2003, it has been possible for microgeneration projects, with a capacity of 30 kW or below, to have a non-half-hourly meter to measure export back into the distribution network. Uptake was slow, with the first microgeneration export MPAN being issued in June 2005. Some suppliers may not bother to register the export MPAN in MPAS as the revenue is so small.

Following the closure of the feed-in tariffs, in January 2020 Ofgem introduced the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) arrangements, where an export MPAN is allocated to allow a supplier to pay a customer for export of low-carbon energy.

Export capacity over 30 kW is required to be half-hourly metered. As part of the Marketwide Half Hourly Arrangements (MHHS), all export consumption will be required to be registered and settled on a half-hourly basis.

Metered Supply Point
The Metered Supply Point (MSP) is the point at which the meter measuring a customer's consumption is located. It is thus also the point at which either the distribution network operator's supply, or the building network operator's lateral cable, terminates and the customer's equipment begins. In order to firmly establish a supply's MSP, the MPAN needs to be associated with a meter serial number.

Although it is common for an MPAN to be associated with one meter serial number, in some cases there is a many-to-many relationship. For example, one meter could be associated with both an import and an export MPAN, or one MPAN could be measured by three separate meters.

Unmetered supplies
It is possible for small predictable supplies to be unmetered. Examples are street lights, traffic signals, signs, bollards, telephone kiosks, CCTV and advertising displays.

For an item of equipment to be connected to the distribution network via an unmetered connection, its consumption should typically not exceed 500 watts and it should operate in a predictable manner, with no provision for it to be manually turned on/off at the end user's request. Generally the equipment would either be in operation and taking a supply of electricity 24 hours a day, or be controlled by a photocell, as is often the case for street lights.

It is the customer's responsibility to maintain an accurate and up-to-date inventory of unmetered supplies, and to inform the UMSO (UnMetered Supplies Operator) of all changes to the connected equipment within one month of the change.

Larger local authorities generally have unmetered supplies with a demand over 100kW and are required to trade their unmetered energy on a half-hourly basis. To do so, they employ a meter administrator who will use daily data from a photo-electric control unit (PECU) array which is then used to calculate the energy consumption. A PECU array is a device that holds a representative number of the photocells that authority uses on their street lights or traffic signals. By trading energy as unmetered half-hourly the authority will accurately pay for the energy consumed by their declared unmetered equipment, and because the data is downloaded daily the authority will see their energy invoices change throughout the year to represent the changes in the seasonal daily lighting levels.

If, however, the unmetered supplies are being traded as non half-hourly the UMSO undertakes the responsibility to calculate an EAC (Estimated Annual Consumption). This is done using a simple formula which takes into account the circuit watts of the equipment and the annual hours of operation. For example, a piece of equipment that is in use 24 hours per day will have annual hours of 8766. For, say, a CCTV camera rated at 24 circuit watts the EAC would be 210.384kWh, calculated as circuit watts × annual hours divided by 1000. As a result of Ofgem's decision to progress with Marketwide Half Hourly Settlement (MHHS) all new unmetered supplies from April 2024 will be half hourly and existing non half-hourly unmetered supplies will move to half hourly trading during 2024.

If the equipment is street lighting the same process is used for non half-hourly; however, the annual hours will change as each photocell is assigned a set number of annual hours which indicate how and when the lights turn on and off. These annual hours have been set by Elexon and are not locally agreed with the UMSO by the customer.

Once an EAC calculation has taken place, an EAC Certificate is provided to the customer's appointed electricity supplier for billing, with an electronic copy of the EAC being sent to the appointed data collector. The DNO make a Distribution Use of System charge on the electricity supplier for the delivery of the electricity to the customer's unmetered equipment.

Standard Settlement Configuration (SSC)
Each non-half-hourly supply has a four digit code called the Standard Settlement Configuration (SSC), which specifies the number of registers a meter has, and the times that each register is recording electricity usage. The times that a register is recording is specified with a five digit code Time Pattern Regime (TPR). So for example a supply with SSC 0943 has two registers with TPRs 00404 and 00405. The 00404 TPR register records from 01:00 to 02:30 and 08:00 to 23:30, and the 00405 register records for the rest of the time.

Meter Point Administration System
Each DNO operates a Meter Point Administration System (MPAS) which holds the following information for each MPAN:

 * Supplier
 * Data Collector (DC)
 * Data Aggregator (DA)
 * Meter Operator (MOP) or Meter Administrator for HH unmetered
 * Customer
 * Address of the exit point
 * Associated MPANs
 * MPAN state
 * Profile Class (PC)
 * Line Loss Factor Class (LLFC)
 * Meter Time Switch Class (MTC)
 * GSP Group

MPRS is the name of the software package that implements the MPAS system for all DNOs. Since MPRS is used by most DNOs it is often used interchangeably with the term MPAS.

ECOES
ECOES (formally the Electricity Central Online Enquiry Service) is now the Electricity Enquiry Service (EES) is a website that allows users and authorised industry parties to search for supply details (past and present) using such things as the 13-digit MPAN bottom line number, the meter serial number or the postcode. The user can determine a wide range of data relating to the supply including the full address, meter details, the current energisation status and also the appointed parties (i.e. the supplier, distributor, MOP, DC and DA). The site is populated from information sent from the supplier regarding the metering system.

Only non-domestic users (with two valid MPANs that are not Profile Class 1 or 2) can register to access this service.

Check digit
The final digit in the MPAN is the check digit, and validates the previous 12 (the core) using a modulus 11 test. The check digit is calculated thus:

 * 1) Multiply the first digit by 3
 * 2) Multiply the second digit by the next prime number (5)
 * 3) Repeat this for each digit (missing 11 out on the list of prime numbers for the purposes of this algorithm)
 * 4) Add up all these products
 * 5) The check digit is the sum modulo 11 modulo 10.

title: Meter Point Administration Number


text:
User:Ed Poor/Thoughts and mottoes

Thoughts
The order of existence in the universe is rooted in acting for the sake of others. The world of true peace, true love and the true ideal is both the ideal of God's creation and the desire of humankind. Therefore, the origin of happiness and peace lies in living for the sake of others.

Samuel Johnson said, "The English dictionary was written with little assistance of the learned, and without any patronage of the great; not in the soft obscurities of retirement, or under the shelter of academic bowers, but amidst inconvenience and distraction, in sickness and in sorrow." —A Dictionary of the English Language (1775), Preface

In gift cultures, social status is determined not by what you control but by what you give away.

Let's put it to a vote: what's the best way to determine consensus at Wikipedia?

There is no voting at Wikipedia; everything is determined by consensus.

Those who deny freedom to others, deserve it not for themselves; and, under a just God, cannot long retain it. --Abraham Lincoln

"Who's more emotional, men or women? Contrary to popular belief, I think men are much more emotional than women. ... I think men have emotion that runs deeper than oceans. We hold them in, (we must) and we confront them in private, in our rooms, in our sleep, in our car, in our MUSIC. Music can BREAK a man in half. Tear him down to a child. Sitting on the floor, crying, listening to those beautiful melodies, wanting love, wanting to give love, share love, feel, feel, feel. Women like to dance to music, and have beautiful rhythm, but I've never met one where the music could kill them. Where the music was EVERYTHING. Where music had the power to strip them of walls and masks. For my male friends, music saves them. It purges them of deep desperation and anguish in this idiotic world where men can't cry." --SurferMoon

Live for the sake of others. Give, and forget the given gift. --Sun Myung Moon

"I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong." --Frederick Douglass

In God’s sight, skin color makes no difference. God does not stand behind the barriers of religion and culture. They are nothing more than the Devil’s tricks. He has used them to rule over humanity as a false parent for tens of thousands of years.

What is a life of true love? True love is the spirit of public service. It brings the peace that is at the root of happiness. The essence of true love is to give, to live for the sake of others and for the sake of the whole. True love gives, forgets that it has given, and continues to give without ceasing. True love gives joyfully.

True love is the wellspring of the universe. Once a person possesses it, true love makes him or her the center and the owner of the universe.

"Love doesn't have a point. Love is the point." - Alan Moore

In the Middle East, one of the world’s tinderboxes, Jews, Christians and Muslims have found the resources in my philosophy of peace to engage in a new dimension of dialogue. In past decades my Unification Thought played a decisive role in ending the Cold War. Now I am successfully leading behind-the-scenes efforts to bring about the reunification of my homeland of Korea. --Rev. Moon

In this age, war is a most primitive and destructive means of resolving conflict, and will never lead to lasting peace. Now is the time, as the prophet Isaiah taught, to beat our swords into ploughshares and spears into pruning hooks. Why must we continue this tragic path, pouring countless dollars into wars that, in the end, will never bring the reconciliation of enemies? The time has come for the countries of the world to pool their resources and advance toward the world of peace desired by God, the Master of this great universe.  --Rev. Moon

Ralph Johnson taught me an important lesson about research: if someone (a reviewer of a paper, an attendee at a talk) comments "I don't understand" or just doesn't get it, it's our fault. It is our responsibility to work hard to develop and communicate our ideas. --William Opdyke

If everyone were in control of his appetites, there would be no need for the government to be involved in endorsing some sexual relationships while withholding endorsement from others. The more society undermines ancient standards of moral conduct, the harder it becomes to withstand temptation. This is why gay marriage threatens heterosexual marriage. When the awe in which people once held matrimony is diluted, by treating it as a man-made and thus amendable institution rather than a divinely determined one, heterosexuals find sexual sins of all sorts harder to resist.

You can't make people be good: they've got to be coaxed, not coerced. It's a process of education. People need mentors and coaches.

"Slow and steady wins the race." - moral of The Tortoise and the Hare by Aesop

We affirm governance when it is participatory, transparent, fair, and aimed toward an end that is not merely self-centered, but which seeks to benefit a wide range of stakeholders. On the other hand, we reject systems of governance that benefit only the few, which are corrupt, and aimed toward self-serving ends.

The human being is a complex being. We are at once, biological, psychological, moral, spiritual, individual and relational. Happiness or fulfillment is related to all of the above. Therefore, when we think of human development it is essential that we have a comprehensive understanding of the human being.

God did not create the world randomly, but according to several core principles that we see manifested in all things. One of the most basic is the “pair system.” That is, God created all things to exist in relationship, according to a pair system. The “pair system,” for example, underlies the fact that all species and all entities are made up of male and female aspects; both of which are absolutely essential.

When we think about conflict resolution, we should recognize that we are talking about healing, repairing or restoring a broken partnership or relationship between subject and object. The broken partnership can be between a husband and a wife, a boss and the employee, a Muslim and a Hindu, or Israel and Palestine. Peace-building, and even human development, is ultimately about establishing correct, constructive, mutually beneficial relationships.

Each entity that exists has a dual purpose, one being its own individual purpose for existence, well-being and fulfillment. At the same time, however, each entity or being is related to a larger purpose. The two “dual purposes” are the “purpose of the individual” and the “purpose of the whole.”

The great success principle, the single idea that explains human destiny is simple. It says that, "you become what you think about, most of the time."

"Thoughts are the most real things in the universe." -- Thorby Baslim in Citizen of the Galaxy

The current brutal realities that exist can be resolved through serious, methodical application of key universal principles of human reconciliation and restoration grounded in a profound understanding of the root causes of conflict and violence.

''Aim for success, not perfection. Never give up your right to be wrong, because then you will lose the ability to learn new things and move forward with your life.'' --Dr. David M. Burns

"I am neither especially clever nor especially gifted. I am only very, very curious." (attributed to Albert Einstein)

"Naturally, I think I'm right, but as I have already proven to you, I make mistakes like the next man. In fact, being - forgive me - rather cleverer than most men, my mistakes tend to be correspondingly huger." -- Dumbledore

If knowledge can create problems, it is not through ignorance that we can solve them. -Isaac Asimov

In my heart of hearts, I'm an engineer, and what makes me happy is building something that works and having someone use it. That's cool. --James Gosling--Ed Poor

See you next month! --Ed Poor

Mottoes
I love Shawn's quote from Hosni Mubarak that foreign aid is taking money from the poor of rich countries and giving it to the rich of poor countries.

"I have never had a feeling politically that did not spring from the sentiments embodied in the Declaration of Independence."

I shall try to correct errors where shown to be errors, and I shall adopt new views as fast as they shall appear to be true views.

"Let us have faith that right makes might, and in that faith, let us, to the end, dare to do our duty as we understand it."

"I believe it is an established maxim in morals that he who makes an assertion without knowing whether it is true or false, is guilty of falsehood; and the accidental truth of the assertion, does not justify or excuse him."

"If I were to try to read, much less answer, all the attacks made on me, this shop might as well be closed for any other business. I do the very best I know how - the very best I can; and I mean to keep doing so until the end. If the end brings me out all right, what's said against me won't amount to anything. If the end brings me out wrong, ten angels swearing I was right would make no difference."

"Towering genius distains a beaten path. It seeks regions hitherto unexplored."

"A capacity, and taste, for reading, gives access to whatever has already been discovered by others. It is the key, or one of the keys, to the already solved problems. And not only so. It gives a relish, and facility, for successfully pursuing the [yet] unsolved ones."

"The will of God prevails. In great contests each party claims to act in accordance with the will of God. Both may be, and one must be, wrong."

"Forget about all the reasons why something may not work. You only need to find one good reason why it will."

"Those who deny freedom to others, deserve it not for themselves; and, under a just God, can not long retain it."

title: User:Ed Poor/Thoughts and mottoes


text:
451 Patientia

Patientia (minor planet designation: 451 Patientia) is approximately the 15th-largest asteroid in the asteroid belt with a diameter of 225 km. It was discovered by French astronomer Auguste Charlois on 4 December 1899, and assigned a provisional designation 1899 EY.

It regularly reaches 11th magnitude in brightness, as on 11 January 2013, and 12 December 2017, when in favorable oppositions will be at magnitudes 10.7 and 10.4 respectively, very bright for a later-discovered minor planet.

Multiple photometric studies of this asteroid were performed between 1969 and 2003. The combined data gave an irregular light curve with a synodic period of 9.730 ± 0.004 hours and a brightness variation of 0.05–0.10 in magnitude.

title: 451 Patientia


text:
JIR

JIR may refer to:
 * JiR, a Monte Carlo-based motorcycle racing
 * Jewish Institute of Religion
 * Journal of Interpretation Research
 * Journal of Irreproducible Results

title: JIR


text:
Medardo Rosso

Medardo Rosso (21 June 1858 – 31 March 1928) was an Italian sculptor. He is considered, like his contemporary and admirer Auguste Rodin, to have been an artist working in a post-Impressionist style.

Biography and works
Rosso was born in Turin, where his father worked as a railway station inspector, and the family moved to Milan when Rosso was twelve. At the age of 24, after a spell in the army, Rosso enrolled at the Brera Academy, from which he would soon be expelled after punching a student who refused to sign a petition that Rosso had circulated demanding that live models and body parts be used for the drawing classes, which was standard practice in Italian academies at the time. In his 1889 almanac of living artists, Angelo de Gubernatis offered a romanticized portrait of Rosso's early years as an artist:

"(He) rebelled at each school, with each method, with each Academy, abhorring anything that smacked of trade, of artifice, soon found himself alone, without support, without a master, without counsellors, and with a bunch of captive and envious colleagues who tripped him, when he tried his way and to demonstrate his abilities, his ingenuity. But the Biblical saying 'Go alone!' did not frighten him, even in those long daily vigils struggling with a whole system which for many years had triumphed, despite the strong supporters of this and that opponent, he felt his strength increase, developed his talent, he conceived a vast new artistic horizon never before seen, and began to work and hold it to the test."

Starting in 1881 in Milan, Rosso began producing bronze busts and figures that reflected largely Realist influences, with works such as The Hooligan (1882) and Kiss Under the Lamppost (1882). Rosso's style began to change after 1882, possibly due to the discovery of Impressionism, and some of his first works during this period, including Portinaia (Concierge) (1883–84) and Carne altrui (Flesh of Others) (1883–84) begin to "suggest a loss of detail in favour of sketchy modelling, flattened planes, and gently modulated surfaces to soften the play of light and shadow." Rosso never made preparatory drawings for his sculptures, opting instead to work directly with the clay from which he would then make a working model in plaster, which was then used to create the negative mould into which he would cast in bronze using the cire perdue method, and he also cast works in plaster, and, much later, wax with a plaster interior. Some art historians have suggested that Rosso travelled to Paris in 1884 and worked in the studio of sculptor Jules Dalou, but no historical record has corroborated this. In Milan, Rosso continued to cast small-scale works throughout the mid-1880s, in addition to a series of entries for public monuments, such as a funeral monument to the critic Filippo Filippi.

Rosso relocated to Paris in 1889, where he would live and work until after World War I. While in Paris, he met and impressed a number of influential personalities, including writer Emile Zola, whom Rosso convinced to say that he owned a cast of Birichino, thereby elevating the artist's stature, as well as the engineer and patron of the Impressionists Henri Rouart, of whom Rosso cast a portrait in bronze by 1890. During his Parisian period, Rosso also began to experiment with photography in his studio, and he photographed the works under a variety of lighting conditions, foci, and compositions in order to capture different impressions of these three-dimensional works, often further manipulating the printing process and cropping, folding, scratching, or painting the photographic prints to create focused glimpses of the sculptural subjects.

As a sculptor, one of Rosso's principal concerns was to subject the physical mass of sculpture to the transient and ephemeral effects of light. So by means of rough, spontaneous modelling, he would then cast in bronze, plaster, or wax. Rosso maintained a studio in Paris in which he created his own foundry, at a time when most sculptors sent their moulds away to professional foundries to be cast. This freedom afforded Rosso the opportunity to manipulate the surfaces of his works in highly unorthodox ways, often retaining what others would have regarded as "casting errors" and elected not to clean away the plaster investment that would be left upon a bronze work after casting. To Rosso, these interventions were designed to create visual or optical effects by which the materiality of sculpture, as central as it was to his practice, was subordinate to the impression of the viewer:

"Light being of the very essence of our existence, a work of art that is not concerned with light has no right to exist. Without light it must lack unity and spaciousness — it is bound to be small, paltry, wrongly conceived, based necessarily upon matter.... A work of sculpture is not made to be touched, but to be seen at such or such a distance, according to the effect intended by the artist. Our hand does not permit us to bring to our consciousness the values, the bones, the colours—in a word, the life of the thing. For seizing the inner significance of a work of art, we should rely entirely on the visual impression and on the sympathetic echoes it awakens in our memory and consciousness, and not on the touch of our fingers."

Rosso maintained his studio in Paris, where he exhibited his sculptures and sold works to major collectors and museums. He established a friendship with Auguste Rodin, and the two artists exchanged works, although their relationship dissolved when, following a debate about artistic influence in the press, an embittered Rosso felt Rodin had failed to acknowledge his debt to him. In 1906, Rosso realized his last original subject with the work Ecce puer (Behold the Child); following series of unsuccessful attempts to create a portrait of a five-year-old Alfred William Mond, Rosso happened to glimpse him standing later behind a drawn curtain, inspiring the impression conveyed by the finished work. In the last twenty years of his life he created no new original subjects but focused on recasting previous works in different ways. Toward the end of his life, he suffered from diabetes and died in Milan, aged 70, after the amputation of the affected leg in 1928.

Exhibitions
From 2 October to 23 November 1963, The Museum of Modern Art in New York presented Medardo Rosso, 1858-1928, the first major museum exhibition of the artist's work in the United States. In the exhibition catalogue, curator Margaret Scolari Barr wrote that "Rosso's art is complex, ambiguous, his vision poetic as much as objective.". From 17 October 2014 to 27 June 2015, the Center for Italian Modern Art presented an installation of sculpture, drawing, and experimental photography by the modernist artist, which revealed the range of an artist known primarily for his three-dimensional work. From 11 November 2016 to 13 May 2017, the Pulitzer Arts Foundation in St. Louis is presenting Medardo Rosso: Experiments in Light and Form, the largest exhibition of the artist's work in a US museum since the 1963 MoMA show.

List of key works

 * Portinaia (Concierge), 1883
 * Carne altrui (Flesh of Others), 1883–84
 * Impressione d'omnibus (Impression of an Omnibus), 1884–87 (Destroyed)
 * Aetas aurea (Golden Age), late 1885–86
 * Enfant au sein (Child at the Breast), late 1889-90
 * Bambino ebreo (Jewish Boy), 1892
 * Bookmaker, 1893–95
 * Enfant malade (Sick Child), 1893–95
 * Yvette Guilbert, 1895
 * Madame X, 1896
 * Ecce puer, 1906

title: Medardo Rosso


text:
Fruit butter

A fruit butter is a sweet spread made of fruit cooked to a paste, then lightly sweetened. It falls into the same category as jelly and jam. Apple butter and plum butter are common examples, but fruit butters can be made from any firm fruit. Fruit pastes, such as quince cheese are popular in Latin American countries, are similar but more highly sweetened and jelled. They are sold in shallow tins or as wrapped bricks, while fruit butters usually come in wide-mouthed jars and are more common in Central and Eastern Europe.

In order to make fruit butter, the fruit is cooked on a low temperature until much of its water has evaporated, and is then blended. Sweeteners such as honey or sugar can be added, as are spices.

In Romania, Magiun of Topoloveni (plum butter of Topoloveni) is a food specialty with protected designation of origin (PDO) which is made entirely out of one ingredient: plums, without any sweeteners or preservatives.

Varieties

 * Apple butter
 * Banana paste (mariola)
 * Cherry butter
 * Fig butter or paste
 * Guava paste (Cajeta de guayaba, mariola or bocadillo)
 * Mango butter or paste (Cajeta de mango)
 * Pear butter
 * Plum butter, such as (powidl) (Poland, Austria, Czech Republic) and magiun of Topoloveni (Romania)
 * Pumpkin butter
 * Sirop de Liège

title: Fruit butter


text:
452 Hamiltonia

Hamiltonia (minor planet designation: 452 Hamiltonia) is an asteroid. It was discovered by James Edward Keeler on 6 December 1899, but was then lost until 1981. Its provisional name was 1899 FD. The asteroid is named for Mount Hamilton, the site of Lick Observatory where Keeler was working when he discovered the asteroid. It was the last asteroid discovery of the 1800s.

L. K. Kristensen at Aarhus University rediscovered 452 Hamiltonia along with 1537 Transylvania along with numerous other small objects in 1981. These rediscoveries left only nine numbered minor planets unobserved since their discoveries: 330 Adalberta (which never existed in the first place), 473 Nolli, 719 Albert, 724 Hapag, 843 Nicolaia, 878 Mildred, 1009 Sirene, 1026 Ingrid, and 1179 Mally. However, by the mid-1980s the only remaining lost asteroids of this group were 719 Albert (rediscovered in 2000), 724 Hapag (rediscovered in 1988), and 878 Mildred (rediscovered in 1991).

title: 452 Hamiltonia


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Batman Begins Sequel

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. -R. fiend 04:53, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Batman Begins Sequel
Delete. This is essentially a repost of the deleted Batman Begins 2 with less content (see the VfD for that article) but is probably not close enough to the old content to be a speedy. WP:NOT a crystal ball, and this article can contain nothing but speculation and rumor at this point. android 79  11:28, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Rogerd 12:34, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a repository for internet rumours.  Save that for the fanboy forums.  Jeff schiller 13:26, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Wow. Delete. --Optichan 15:02, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unverifiable rumour. - Mgm|(talk) 09:11, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not even anything there to talk about. --InShaneee 22:38, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * DO NOT delete the page was great before everybody chopped it up. There have been rumors flyinf around about Catwoman, Penguin and The JOker will be in the film to. The SPider-Man 3 web page had alot of rumors and speculation for along time. The page was great before.
 * Wikipedia is not a crystal ball. This sort of rumor-mongering and speculation is specifically discouraged from inclusion in Wikipedia articles. android  79  16:21, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The article can always be revisited and done up fancy when there's something more to this sequel than just rumours and unconfirmed reports.--Bacteria 07:58, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I voted delete on the last Batman Begins sequel page (under an IP Address, rather than my Username)! The last one was deleted because of Wikipedia is not a crystal ball, and this one should be aswell. - Bwfc 19:59, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:Lot-et-Garonne

title: Category:Lot-et-Garonne


text:
User talk:Philclark

Welcome
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! - Nat Krause 11:29, 6 October 2005 (UTC), (Talk!)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

PS: Hey, did you know you can use spaces and capital letters in your user name? If you want, you could change your name to "Phil Clark", which might be more pleasing to the eye.

title: User talk:Philclark


text:
453 Tea

Tea (minor planet designation: 453 Tea) is an S-type asteroid belonging to the Flora family in the Main Belt. Its diameter is about 21 km and it has an albedo of 0.183. Its rotation period is 6.4 hours.

In the 1980s Tea was considered as a target for the planned French Vesta spacecraft. The spacecraft was not built.

Tea was discovered by Auguste Charlois on February 22, 1900. Its provisional name was 1900 FA. It is unknown after what it was named.

It came to opposition at apparent magnitude 12.2 on 3 May 2023 and then perihelion on 27 May 2023.

title: 453 Tea


text:
Ohr Avner Chabad Day School (Volgograd)

Ohr Avner Chabad Day School  (or Jewish Day School Ohr Avner) is a Jewish day school in Volgograd, Russia, and supported by the Ohr Avner Foundation. It opened in 2000 with 55 students, occupying premises on the second floor of a municipal school. In 2004 it moved to a new building leased from the city administration, and in 2005 it has some 155 students.

The school follows the state education system but with particular emphasis on Jewish traditions and Jewish history, Hebrew, English and computer science. Graduates receive state high school diplomas.

The Levavot Shirim Choir is sponsored by the Day School, and performs in regional festivals.

title: Ohr Avner Chabad Day School (Volgograd)


text:
User talk:Chrisursenbach

Welcome
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! - Nat Krause 11:30, 6 October 2005 (UTC), (Talk!)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

P.S. - Hey, did you know you can use spaces and capital letters in your user name? It's true! If you want, you can change your account to "Chris Ursenbach". It might be more appealing to the eye.

title: User talk:Chrisursenbach


text:
454 Mathesis

Mathesis (minor planet designation: 454 Mathesis) is a main-belt asteroid that was discovered by German astronomer Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann on March 28, 1900. Its provisional name was 1900 FC.

Photometric observations of this asteroid at the Altimira Observatory in 2004 gave a light curve with a period of 8.37784 ± 0.00003 hours and a brightness variation of 0.32 in magnitude. This differs from periods of 7.075 hours reported in 1994 and 7.745 hours in 1998.

title: 454 Mathesis


text:
Late Night Tales: Air

Late Night Tales: Air is the 15th DJ mix album released in the Late Night Tales series. It was mixed by Jean-Benoît Dunckel from French band Air and was originally intended as the 14th release (scheduled for 3 October 2005) but was delayed several times. In the meantime, Late Night Tales: Belle & Sebastian was released. The Air compilation was eventually released on 11 September 2006.

Track listing

 * 1) "All Cats are Grey" – The Cure
 * 2) "Planet Caravan" – Black Sabbath
 * 3) "O' Venezia Venaga Venusia" – Nino Rota
 * 4) "I Shall Be Released" – The Band
 * 5) "Camille" – Georges Delerue
 * 6) "Ghosts" – Japan
 * 7) "The Old Man's Back Again" – Scott Walker
 * 8) "Come Wander With Me" – Jeff Alexander
 * 9) "Metal Heart" – Cat Power
 * 10) "Lovin' You" – Minnie Riperton
 * 11) "For the World" – Tan Dun
 * 12) "Le long de la rivière tendre" – Sébastien Tellier (English: Along the loving river, from the soundtrack of "Narco")
 * 13) "My Autumn's Done Come" – Lee Hazlewood
 * 14) "P.L.A." – Robert Wyatt
 * 15) "Let's Get Lost" – Elliott Smith
 * 16) "Cousin Jane" – The Troggs (from "Trogglodynamite")
 * 17) "Musica" – Air/Alessandro Baricco
 * 18) "Pavane pour une infante défunte" – composed by Maurice Ravel, performed by The Cleveland Symphony Orchestra (English: Pavane for a dead princess)

title: Late Night Tales: Air


text:
Talk:Butch Otter

DUI / Controversy
The two sections "DUI" and "Controversy" are nearly identical and clearly redundant. Shouldn't this be corrected? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.18.102.128 (talk) 03:59, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

Heh... it appears all references to DUI have been purged. Lovely. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.99.92.102 (talk) 22:35, 22 September 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Butch Otter


text: User talk:216.140.58.174

title: User talk:216.140.58.174


text:
User talk:Malaiya

 *  user: · /common.css · /common.js · c: · d: · m: · m:…/global.css · m:…/global.js · w:en: · all subpages T · [/?title=special:ListUsers&limit=1&username= rights] · Notifications · Global account information
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For your eyes only
DELETE ARE READING. I am sure this book and this website would be of some interest to you. http://chitraguptvanshi.wikifoundry.com/ https://www.scribd.com/document/137583734/Devputra-Darshan — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nikhil Srivastava (talk • contribs) 15:51, 13 January 2020 (UTC)

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January 2019
Hello, I'm Kautilya3. I noticed that you added or changed content in an article, Princely state, but you didn't provide a reliable source. It's been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you'd like to include a citation and re-add it, please do so. If you need guidance on referencing, please see the referencing for beginners tutorial, or if you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. Kautilya3 (talk) 00:29, 30 January 2019 (UTC)

I think this page may interest you also
Hi. I recently created the page Chameli Devi Jain Award for Outstanding Women Mediapersons... Chameli Devi was a Jain too. I have even nominated the page for a DYK - "DYK... that there is an award for women journalists in India named after a Jain freedom fighter?" What do you think? DiplomatTesterMan (talk) 23:07, 12 March 2019 (UTC)

List of publications
In my opinion, a sourced list of some of the notable works of an author is appropriate in a biographical article.

However, this list of some of his more important publications keeps being removed from our BLP about the Indian author Anand Teltumbde.

I'd be grateful for a second opinion at Talk:Anand Teltumbde#Unwarranted removal of publications section --BushelCandle (talk) 02:02, 28 April 2019 (UTC)

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Talk page help
Hi there, in these edits, I corrected some recent talk page comments you made. A few thoughts: Thank you. Cyphoidbomb (talk) 04:31, 18 December 2019 (UTC)
 * 1) Some of your first batch of comments at Talk:Mahesh Bhatt were made in response to comments from 2015, which may not be an entirely fruitful discussion if that user isn't around anymore or looking at that talk page anymore.
 * 2) Please sign your talk page comments with four tildes, like ~, which will append your signature and date stamp, both of which are important.
 * 3) New comments belong at the bottom of the talk page. Your newest section, "His religious views" would belong at the bottom, not in the middle of the page, where you put it initially.

Important Notice
∯ WBG converse 06:24, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

DELETE AFTER READING. http://chitraguptvanshi.wikifoundry-mobile.com/m/ Nikhil Srivastava (talk) 16:08, 13 January 2020 (UTC)

DELETE AFTER READING. http://chitraguptvanshi.wikifoundry-mobile.com/m/ Nikhil Srivastava (talk) 16:09, 13 January 2020 (UTC)

http://chitraguptvanshi.wikifoundry-mobile.com/m/ Nikhil Srivastava (talk) 16:09, 13 January 2020 (UTC)

http://chitraguptvanshi.wikifoundry.com/ Nikhil Srivastava (talk) 16:16, 13 January 2020 (UTC)

For your eyes only
DELETE AFTER READING. I am sure that this book and this website will be of interest to you.

http://chitraguptvanshi.wikifoundry.com/

http://chitraguptvanshi.wikifoundry-mobile.com/m/

https://www.scribd.com/document/137583734/Devputra-Darshan Nikhil Srivastava (talk) 15:53, 13 January 2020 (UTC)

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The silly mistake made by him should be corrected.
A user Shivam Singh Tanwer has changed some correct information in Alha's page. He has written Rajput in place of Ahir. Arun singh krishnaut (talk) 07:29, 25 May 2020 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Nema (community)

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Frequent edits and Show preview
Hi Malaiya, I happened to go through the edit history of Sachin Vaze and see that you made 14 edits in a 1-hour period. Many of them were in gaps of 1, 2 or 3 minutes. Using the "Show preview" or "Show changes" button for quick edits, instead of the "Publish changes" button, will avoid filling up the history and will be easier for others to review. Jay (talk) 12:12, 21 March 2021 (UTC)

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Caste in BLPs
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Telhara article
Hi, I can see from the history of the Telhara, Nalanda district that you contributed quite a bit to it. I’m curious as to whether you think it’s worth creating a separate article for the historical monastery as this journal article does provide quite a lot of material:

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02666030.1988.9628371?journalCode=rsas20

Kind regards.KashKarti (talk) 20:51, 15 November 2021 (UTC)

Dear KashKarti,

 * Yes, that would be great. I will look forward to reading that article. Incidentally I have noted several of your interesting contributions. Malaiya (talk) 20:59, 16 November 2021 (UTC)

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Buddha Preaching his First Sermon (Sarnath)
A name change discussion is in progress. Randy Kryn (talk) 10:37, 24 April 2022 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Golalare

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 * The article Golalare
 * 1. It has references.
 * 2. It is not about a person.
 * Can I know what is your objection? Malaiya (talk) 21:45, 15 May 2022 (UTC)

Ghazwa-e-Hind
Dear Admin, you had resurrected Ghazwa-e-Hind from a redirect earlier this year owing to its importance. However another admin, Praxidicae has again put a redirect on this article to Indian reunification. As you may be having the elevated rights on Wikipedia, I request you to restore it to the last version and watch it too for biased redirects to completely different topics. Thanks Wiki.engl110 (talk) 06:04, 29 September 2022 (UTC)

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Ways to improve S.Y.H. Su
Hello, Malaiya,

Thank you for creating S.Y.H. Su.

I have tagged the page as having some issues to fix, as a part of our page curation process and note that:

"Please find awards if they exist, and some way to view his pubs. From Google Scholar his h-factor is not high enough for notability (WP:NPROF). Unless there is some other validation he does not belong, sorry."

The tags can be removed by you or another editor once the issues they mention are addressed. If you have questions, leave a comment here and begin it with. Remember to sign your reply with. For broader editing help, please visit the Teahouse.

Delivered via the Page Curation tool, on behalf of the reviewer.

Ldm1954 (talk) 09:10, 29 May 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Malaiya


text:
Scarman Report

The Scarman report was commissioned by the UK Government following the 1981 Brixton riots. Lord Scarman was appointed by then Home Secretary William Whitelaw on 14 April 1981 (two days after the rioting ended) to hold the enquiry into the riots. The Scarman report was published on 25 November 1981.

The terms of reference for the enquiry were "to inquire urgently into the serious disorder in Brixton on 10–12 April 1981 and to report, with the power to make recommendations".

1981 Brixton riot
The riot took place in Brixton, London on 11 April 1981. At the time when Brixton underwent deep social and economic problems — high unemployment, high crime, poor housing, no amenities — in a predominantly African-Caribbean community. The Metropolitan Police began Operation Swamp 81 at the beginning of April, aimed at reducing street crime, mainly through the heavy use of the so-called sus law, which allowed police to stop and search (and ultimately jail) individuals on the basis of a mere 'suspicion' of wrongdoing. Plain clothes police officers were dispatched into Brixton, and in five days almost 1,000 people were stopped and searched. The riot resulted in 299 injuries to police and 65 injuries to members of the public; over a hundred vehicles were burned, including 56 police vehicles; and almost 150 buildings were damaged, with 28 burned. There were 82 arrests. Reports suggested that up to 5,000 people were involved in the riot.

Evidence
As part of the inquiry the following individuals and groups gave evidence: The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis (Counsel - Mr J Hazan QC and Mr L Marshall Concern), the Council for Community Relations of Lambeth, London Borough of Lambeth, Brixton local community groups and clubs, the Brixton Legal Defence Group, and the Commission for Racial Equality.

Findings and recommendations
According to the Scarman report, the riots were a spontaneous outburst of built-up resentment sparked by particular incidents. Lord Scarman stated that "complex political, social and economic factors" created a "disposition towards violent protest". The Scarman report highlighted problems of racial disadvantage and inner city decline, warning that "urgent action" was needed to prevent racial disadvantage becoming an "endemic, ineradicable disease threatening the very survival of our society".

Scarman found unquestionable evidence of the disproportionate and indiscriminate use of 'stop and search' powers by the police against black people. The report details the use of arbitrary roadblocks, the stopping and searching of pedestrians and mass detention (943 stops, 118 arrests and 75 charges). Operation Swamp 81 was conducted by the police without any consultation with the community or the home-beat officers. Liaison arrangements between police, community and local authority had collapsed before the riots and according to the Scarman report, the local community mistrusted the police and their methods of policing. Scarman recommended changes in training and law enforcement, and the recruitment of more ethnic minorities into the police force. According to the report "institutional racism" did not exist, but positive discrimination to tackle racial disadvantage was "a price worth paying".

Reception
The theme of the Scarman report was broadly welcomed, accepted and endorsed by politicians, police commissioners, the press and community relations officials. Some of the report's recommendations were implemented. "Hard policing" continued and new measures were taken to create greater public trust and confidence in official institutions. Multi-agency and "soft" policing emerged through community consultation, youth and "race relations" services. However, in 1999, the Macpherson Report stated that many of the Scarman report recommendations had been ignored and that, in fact, the Metropolitan Police was "institutionally racist".

The Scarman report pushed the issue of law and order, and specifically policing, onto the mainstream agenda. The debate in the House of Parliament to mark the publication of the Scarman report on the 26 November 1981 had as its theme "law and order" and the then leader of the Liberal Party, David Steel, argued that "urgent action" to prevent a drift into lawlessness was necessary. A subsequent debate in March 1982 referenced the events of 1981 and focused on the impact of street violence, crime, decaying urban conditions, and the danger of "more violence to come" if changes in both police tactics and social policy were not swiftly introduced. While both the Conservative and Labour speakers in the parliamentary debate on the riots accepted the need to support the police, substantial disagreement centred on the issue of what role social deprivation and unemployment had in bringing young people to protest violently on the streets.

As a consequence of the Scarman report a new code for police behaviour was put forward in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984; and the act also created an independent Police Complaints Authority, established in 1985, to attempt to restore public confidence in the police.

"Community relations" and "institutional racism"
Scarman reported a shift from a concern about "race relations" to "community relations". According to Paul Rich, Lord Scarman's views expressed in the Scarman report most closely resembled that of the mid-Victorian era. Scarman was concerned with the "plight" of the ethnic communities in UK inner cities and their relationship with the rest of the national "community". He concluded that it was essential that "people are encouraged to secure a stake in, feel a pride in, and have a sense of responsibility for their own area". While the importance of community involvement in policing was recognised, the Scarman report pointed to "community redevelopment and planning" as the main area of concern. Scarman called for a policy of "direct coordinated attack on racial disadvantage".

The Scarman report sought to locate the riots in the social, economic and political context of the acute deprivation in Brixton at the time. Lord Scarman identified the causes of the riots in the pathology of the Caribbean family, in the question of bilingualism amongst Asian children and in the undefined problem of policing a multi-racial society. In doing so Scarman highlighted what Robert Beckford has termed a "pathological image of Black youth". According to the report: "Without close parental support, with no job to go to, and with few recreational facilities available the young Black person makes his life the streets and the seedy, commercially-run clubs of Brixton. There he meets criminals, who appear to have no difficulty obtaining the benefits of a materialist society."

The Scarman report does not apportion blame to the police. While the report acknowledges that "ill considered, immature and racially prejudiced actions of some officers" contributed to the riots Lord Scarman only acknowledges "unwitting discrimination against Black people". The report concludes that "The allegation that the police are the oppressive arm of a racist state not only display a complete ignorance of the constitutional arrangements of controlling the police, it is an injustice to the senior officers of the force." In his recommendations Scarman accepts that "hard" policing, such as stop and search operations, would be necessary in the future in areas characterised by severe social problems. Hence the Scarman report seeks to establish how policing could be enforced without provoking further outbreaks of disorder.

Inquiry staff

 * Lord Scarman
 * Philip Mawer (Secretary)
 * Nicholas Montgomery Pott (Assistant Secretary)
 * Ted McCormick and Melissa Grant (UK Home Office)
 * Robin Auld QC, Mr JGM Laws and Mr L Crawford (Counsel for the Inquiry)

title: Scarman Report


text:
455 Bruchsalia

Bruchsalia (minor planet designation: 455 Bruchsalia) is a main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by Max Wolf and Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann on May 22, 1900. Its provisional name was 1900 FG.

title: 455 Bruchsalia


text:
456 Abnoba

Abnoba (minor planet designation: 456 Abnoba), provisional designation, is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 40 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 June 1900, by astronomers Max Wolf and Arnold Schwassmann at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after the Celtic deity Abnoba.

Orbit and classification
Abnoba is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.3–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 8 months (1,701 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 14° with respect to the ecliptic.

The body's observation arc begins at Bordeaux Observatory, eleven days after its official discovery observation at Heidelberg.

Physical characteristics
In the SMASS classification, Abnoba is a stony S-type asteroid. Its stony composition was also confirmed by polarimetric observations in 2017.

Rotation period
Several rotational lightcurves of Abnoba have been obtained from photometric observations since 2004. Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve from the Bigmuskie Observatory (B88) in Italy, gave a rotation period of 18.281 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.32 magnitude (U=3).

Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Abnoba measures between 37.64 and 50.495 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1467 and 0.286.

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2537 and a diameter of 39.94 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.1.

456 Abnoba has been observed to occult 6 stars between 2006 and 2023.

Naming
This minor planet was named after the Gaulish goddess Abnoba from Celtic mythology. The goddess was worshipped in the Black Forest of southern Germany, and known as "Diana Abnoba" to the Roman troops stationed in this region. The official naming citation was authored by Lutz D. Schmadel based on his own research.

title: 456 Abnoba


text:
WebMuseum

The WebMuseum, formerly known as the WebLouvre, was founded by Nicolas Pioch in France in 1994, while he was a student. It is one of the earliest examples of a virtual museum.

The site won the 1994 Best of the Web award for the "Best Use of Multiple Media".

When the actual Louvre became aware of the original WebLouvre's existence, it was forced to change its name to the WebMuseum. However, many mirror sites were established throughout the world (including websites located in Brazil, Hungary, Japan, Mexico, Norway, Poland, Russia, UK and the United States), making it impossible to eradicate it entirely. It still provides a resource of high resolution art images and information, although it is no longer actively updated.

Although this virtual museum is French in origin, it is available in English.

title: WebMuseum