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Fort Humboldt State Historic Park

Fort Humboldt State Historic Park is a California state park, located in Eureka, California, United States. Its displays interpret the former U.S. Army fort, which was staffed from 1853–1870, the interactions between European Americans and Native Americans in roughly the same period, logging equipment and local narrow gauge railroad history of the region. Within the collection, there are trains, logging equipment, including a fully functional Steam Donkey engine, and an authentic Native American dug-out canoe. The Fort overlooks Humboldt Bay from atop a bluff. The North Coast regional headquarters of the California State Parks system is located onsite.

Early years, 1853–1860
With the discovery of gold in the Trinity River in Trinity County in May 1849, the stage was set for conflict between the Native Americans who lived in northwestern California and the settlers and gold seekers that flooded into the region. After repeated depredations by white settlers, Northern California tribes such as the Yurok, Karuk, Wiyot, and Hupa retaliated and the Army was sent to attempt to restore order.

Fort Humboldt was established on January 30, 1853, by the Army as a buffer between Native Americans, gold-seekers and settlers under the command of Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Robert C. Buchanan of the U.S. 4th Infantry Regiment. Like Buchanan, many of the soldiers of this unit were veterans of the Mexican–American War. Starting about 1853, Seth Kinman was hired as a market hunter to supply elk meat to the fort. Fort Humboldt was sited on a strategic location on the bluff overlooking Humboldt Bay and Bucksport, a town named after David Buck, a member of the Josiah Gregg exploration party.

In addition to protecting local inhabitants, it was also a supply depot for posts around the California and Oregon borders such as Fort Gaston in Hoopa and Fort Bragg in northern Mendocino County.

At its peak, the fort had 14 buildings all of crude plank construction. The fort was laid out in a typical military design with a quad at the center of the post which served as its parade grounds. Along with the two buildings that served as barracks for the enlisted men, there were quarters for the officers, an office, a hospital, a bakery, a storehouse/commissary, a guardhouse, a blacksmith's shop, and a stable.

The period between the fort's establishment and the beginning of the American Civil War was marked by many skirmishes between the settlers and the local tribes. One of the first major conflicts was the so-called Red Cap War, fought in the area around present-day Weitchpec and Orleans. Soldiers from Fort Humboldt were called into action to bring calm back to the area during this conflict. The leaders and soldiers of the fort were often criticized by settlers who sought a more violent response to Native American attacks.

The infamous Indian Island Massacre of the Wiyot people occurred at the end of this period on 25 February 1860. The fort's commander at this time, Major Gabriel J. Rains, reported to his commanding officer that "Captain Wright's Company [of vigilantes] held a meeting at Eel River and resolved to kill every peaceable Indian – man, woman, and child."

The 1860 U.S. census provides a snapshot of life on the fort. Among its residents that year were Major Rains, his wife Mary, and their six children (including 2 daughters age 19 and 16). Also living at the fort were Captain Charles Lovell, his wife Margeret, and their four children; Lieutenant Alex Johnson, his wife Elizabeth, and their four children; Lieutenant James Dodwell, his wife Johanna, and their two children; and Lieutenant Edward Johnson, his wife Christiana, and their two children. The fort's physician Lafayette Guild and his wife Martha occupied the Surgeon's Quarters. In the barracks were 47 soldiers, all apparently living without their spouses.

Among the many well-known soldiers who served at the fort was a young captain, Ulysses S. Grant, who was there for five months in 1854. Charles S. Lovell was promoted to major and commanded a brigade during the Second Battle of Bull Run, Antietam, and Fredericksburg. Robert C. Buchanan became a general during the Civil War. Other Civil War generals, George Crook and Lewis C. Hunt, served here during this period. Gabriel J. Rains would become a brigadier general in the Confederate Army. Dr. Lafayette Guild would go on to serve directly under General Robert E. Lee as the Medical Director for the Army of Northern Virginia for all its major campaigns.

Civil War years, 1861–1865
By the summer of 1861 the American Civil War was well underway, and the resulting national conflict would bring major changes to Fort Humboldt. Federal soldiers were recalled to eastern battlefields and were replaced by units of the California Volunteers. These volunteers were drawn from local settlers who inaugurated a hard line and violent policy toward the native peoples.

During the Civil War, Fort Humboldt was the headquarters of the District of Humboldt (also termed the Humboldt Military District), which was part of the Department of the Pacific. The District's posts included Fort Bragg and Fort Wright in northern Mendocino County, and extending north through Humboldt County to Fort Gaston in Hoopa and Fort Ter-Waw near Klamath (after the Great Flood of 1862, moved to Camp Lincoln near Crescent City). Other posts included Camp Curtis (in Arcata), Camp Iaqua, Fort Seward (in southern Humboldt County), and Camps Baker, Lyon, and Anderson.

Final years and abandonment, 1865–1867
The end of the Civil War brought more changes to Fort Humboldt. The California Volunteer units were disbanded in 1865, and U.S. regular troops returned to the fort from battlefields in the east. Six months after the surrender at Appomattox, the first Regular Army unit to return to Fort Humboldt was Company E, 9th Infantry Regiment, on November 8, 1865. Company E was one officer and 49 enlisted men.

The fort was staffed by 178 soldiers in October 1866. A month later, all forces, except one small detachment of soldiers, were withdrawn from Fort Humboldt. The fort became a sub-depot maintained primarily to provide supplies to Fort Gaston in Hoopa. Property belonging to the Quartermaster was auctioned on April 25, 1867. Items sold included 120 cords of wood, 2 boats with oars and sails, a heavy wagon, and an ambulance wagon.

On September 14, 1867, the last unit was withdrawn from Fort Humboldt and the post was abandoned, although the Humboldt County journalist Andrew Genzoli recorded that "January 1867 was the last Monthly Post Return for Fort Humboldt. Sergeant Antoine Schoneberger, Ordnance Sergeant, was on duty during the period 1866–1870."

The Humboldt Times reported the sale of other government property on August 10, 1870, including 32 buildings ($655) and 13 mules ($602).

Commanding officers

 * Lieutenant Colonel Robert C. Buchanan, 4th Infantry Regiment, January 1853–February 1856
 * 1st Lieutenant Francis H. Bates, 4th Infantry Regiment, February–June 1856
 * Major Gabriel J. Rains, 4th Infantry Regiment, June 1856–July 1860
 * Captain Charles Swain Lovell, 6th Infantry Regiment, July 1860–September 1861
 * Colonel Francis J. Lippitt, 2nd Infantry Regiment, California Volunteers, January 9, 1862–July 13, 1863
 * Colonel Stephen G. Whipple, 1st Battalion California Volunteer Mountaineers, July 13, 1863–February 6, 1864
 * Colonel Henry M. Black, 6th Infantry Regiment, California Volunteers, February 6, 1864–June 1864
 * Colonel Stephen G. Whipple, 1st Battalion California Volunteer Mountaineers, June 1864–June 14, 1865
 * Major John C. Schmidt, 2nd Infantry Regiment, California Volunteers, June 15, 1865–March 28, 1866
 * Major Andrew W. Bowman, 9th Infantry Regiment, March 26, 1866–November 1866
 * 1st Lieutenant J. Hewitt Smith, Company E, 2nd Artillery Regiment, November 1866–???? (commanding the Humboldt Depot)

Cemetery
Ten soldiers are known to have been buried at Fort Humboldt:
 * John Blummer; C Co; 1st Battalion Mountaineers
 * John Briel; 1840–1866; E Co, 2nd U.S. Artillery
 * Patrick Carroll; 1838–1879; F Co, 4th California Infantry
 * R.F. Clark
 * Thomas R. Evans; died 1865; A Co; 1st Battalion Mountaineers
 * J.D. Haskins
 * John Henkin; 1834–1864
 * Moses Hutchings; 1827–1865; F Co; 4th California Infantry
 * Wilson Alexander Shaw; 1814–1864; A Co; 1st Battalion Mountaineers
 * Cecil E. Winters; 1st Battalion Mountaineers

In May 1894, the remains of the U.S. soldiers buried near the site of Fort Humboldt were relocated to the Grand Army of the Republic plot in the Myrtle Grove cemetery in Eureka, California.

Cooper period, 1893–1928

After abandonment by the military, the lands were transferred to the Department of the Interior on April 6, 1870, and the fort fell into ruin. However, units of the California National Guard used the area one final time in August 1893. One hundred thirty-five soldiers from the Second Artillery Regiment, California National Guard, arrived in the Steamer Pomona on August 17, and marched through Eureka to Fort Humboldt.

In 1893, the land and its one remaining building were sold to W. S. Cooper. Cooper reportedly subdivided the property as soon as he acquired it, naming the new subdivision Fort Humboldt Heights. Cooper's daughter reported that on two occasions her father partially restored the remaining building as he realized its future importance.

In 1894 a sentry box from Fort Humboldt was exhibited at a fair in San Francisco. According to a newspaper article, "Among the Humboldt exhibits there is one which stirs the heart of every patriot and awakens memories of the nation's great captain. It is the original sentry-box of Fort Humboldt, here General Grant did duty when he was there."

The cavalry barn was razed by fire on October 21, 1895.

On February 7, 1925, the Daughters of the American Revolution placed a bronze plaque which reads, "Fort Humboldt. Occupied by U.S. troops from 1853 to 1865 [sic]. General U. S. Grant was stationed here in 1853." The plaque is still at the park, though hidden by trees. The tablet is bronze mounted on a huge rock blasted from Medicine Rock near Trinidad. The original plaque was stolen and was later replaced by the Daughters of the American Revolution.

In 1929, the "Fort Humboldt Post" of the American Legion spent several days restoring fort buildings.

The first wireless radio station in Humboldt County was located at Fort Humboldt. The United Wireless Telegraph Company began operating the station around 1900 with the call sign "PM Eureka." This was many years before Humboldt County had a "wired" telegraph which ran south to Petaluma. The Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company took over from 1911 to 1917, changing the call sign to "KPM". Also during this era the hospital building received some restoration.

Upon Cooper's death in 1928, his wife gave the land to the city of Eureka.

Restoration
According to one historian, "Mr. Cooper was aware of the importance of the lonely Fort. He spent $1,500 to restore the former hospital to a condition as near as possible to what it had been originally." Cooper eventually worked with California State Senator Selvage to pass a bill that would appropriate $32,000 for the State to purchase Fort Humboldt. However, the bid to purchase Fort Humboldt for the public met with local opposition.

For example, an editorial in the Blue Lake Advocate stated: "The whole scheme is a silly outburst of a maudlin sentimentalism which is simply ridiculous and is the laughing stock of the community. To take $32,000 from the taxpayer for the state to buy a few acres of land suitable only for a potato patch or a truck garden will be paying too much" (4 February 1906).

Public sentiment against the purchase won out, but the Cooper family continued to preserve the fort site until W.S. Cooper's death. At that time, his wife and daughter donated the land and the one remaining building to the City of Eureka. The City accepted the donation and the site was dedicated for use as a public park.

In the 1930s, local veteran organizations became interested in restoration of the fort. They took pictures that they sent to the National Archives in Washington, D.C. for plans and specifications of the fort, and began restoration of the area and development of a museum. The job turned out to be larger than they could do, and soon the Works Progress Administration was worked into the project.

Fort Humboldt was registered as a California Historical Landmark on January 11, 1935.

Also during the 1930s, the "Days of General Grant" was a four-day celebration centering on Independence Day. Local businesses made storefronts look like pioneer days. Male citizens grew beards, and both men and women dressed in 19th century clothing. The celebration repeated annually for four or five years. Prior to the fourth annual celebration in 1939, the Humboldt Standard newspaper wrote that, "it is an event which holds promise of becoming one of the lasting pioneer pageants of the West, comparable in importance to the Salinas Rodeo, the Pendleton Roundup, and the Portland Rose Festival."

By the 1940s the fort had become a Eureka city museum devoted to General Grant and local memorabilia. At some point, statues of General Grant and General Robert E. Lee (which were apparently made of wood) were placed in the park and were still there in 1947 as can be seen in the Shuster aerial photographs from that year.

In 1952 Robert Madsen was elected mayor of Eureka, and during his administration more headway was made toward actual restoration of the fort, as the city council showed interest in the project. Through informal meetings with the Humboldt County Board of Supervisors, the State Division of Beaches and Parks were approached to see if they were interested.

In the summer of 1952 representatives of the State attended a luncheon meeting held in Eureka and there stated they were interested in making the fort a state monument. They explained that they would eventually make an authentic restoration.

In 1955 the area was deeded to the State of California with the understanding that the state would reconstruct the historic buildings and interpret the settlement of the northern California coast. Ranger C. D. Thompson was the first Monument Supervisor and began living at the fort in 1956. He first remodeled the old building into an office for District One of the Division of Beaches and Parks. The office was headquarters for the District Supervisor, whose staff consisted of the Assistant District Supervisor, a secretary, the Ranger-Monument Supervisor, district carpenter foreman, district accounting technician, and possibly a landscape architect and a typist.

An archeological survey was conducted during the late 1950s by Donald Jewell and John Clemmer. The Timber Heritage Association's web site states that the present logging display at the park was established in 1962.

Fort Humboldt was designated a State Historic Park in 1963. The park seems to have been nominated to the National Register of Historic Places in September 1970 (NPS Reference # 70000927). Some restoration ensued, with the hospital the sole remaining building of the original construction. The General Plan, created in 1978, developed by California State Parks, calls for a re-creation of the entire fort complex. Although the Surgeon's Quarters was re-created in 1985, this General Plan has been slow to be implemented. Several archeological digs were also conducted during this period and a bronze plaque stating that the fort is California Historical Landmark #154 was placed near the parking lot about 1980. In 1986 exhibits were installed in the hospital to tell the story of the fort and the intercultural conflicts.

Late 20th century and a new millennium
In more recent years, several Civil War re-enactments were held at the fort in the 1990s, but were moved to Fortuna in 1998. In 2000, students from the University of California Cooperative Extension Master Gardener Program planted a historic garden next to the hospital which contains medicinal, edible, and ornamental plants typically found in a 19th century garden. This garden received a "Keep Eureka Beautiful" Award of Merit in 2001.

The park marked Fort Humboldt's 150th anniversary in January 2003. A color guard from Eureka High School's Naval Junior ROTC hoisted a replica American flag with 36 stars. The original flag that was first raised over the fort in 1853 was also on display. This flag was kept by the soldier (Private Joseph Snedden) who helped raise it. Snedden became a Humboldt County resident after he left the Army and eventually gave the flag to Mrs. Vera O'Conner-Berry. She, in turn, gave the flag to the Redwood Forest Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1923. This organization started a preservation project in the 1990s to stabilize the flag, which is now kept by the Regent of the Redwood Forest Chapter.

In October 2008 permanent interpretive panels went on display in the nearby Bayshore Mall food court. The eight panels, part of a collaborative project between California State Parks and the North Coast Redwood Interpretive Association, explore the early frontier life of Fort Humboldt and Buck's Port, where the mall now stands.

In 2009 Fort Humboldt was one of 48 California state parks slated for closure due to the state's budget crisis. Due to public opposition, the closures were not carried out.

Collections
In addition to various displays of the trappings of military service and a vintage mountain howitzer cannon, the hospital building houses artifacts and particularly accounts (including extensive signage) of the Native American experience of European settlers. A culturally and historically correct dugout canoe constructed of heart redwood is displayed.

Though not directly related to the military history of the site, fully operational trains that operated on local standard gauge railroads in the early days of logging are present on the site. The logging equipment exhibit includes a Donkey engine. Invented in the 1880s by John Dolbeer of the local Dolbeer and Carson Lumber Company, the machine is included among other logging equipment showcasing advances over the 150 years of local logging history.

Visitor information
Permanent displays are augmented by special events during the year. Of particular note are the prominent views of Humboldt Bay, the Samoa peninsula, and portions of Eureka from the bluff occupied by the park and structures. The park entrance is located one block off U.S. Route 101 near the Bayshore Mall in Eureka.

Additional references

 * Bledsoe, Anthony J, Indian Wars of the Northwest: A California Sketch, Bacon and Company, 1885.
 * Humboldt Historian, "The 'Days of General Grant' Recalled," Humboldt County Historical Society, July – August 1977, 3.
 * Kyle, Douglas E. (ed.), Historic Spots in California, 4th edition, Stanford University Press, 1990.
 * United States Department of War, Report of the Secretary of War, Government Printing Office, 1867.
 * State of California, Department of Parks and Recreation, Fort Humboldt State Historic Park: Resource Management Plan, General Development Plan, and Environmental Impact Plan, August 1978.

title: Fort Humboldt State Historic Park


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User talk:WebDrake

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 20:25, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
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 * Hello SqueakBox! Thanks very much for the welcome & the links.  I'm looking forward to much fun contributing to this community.  Best wishes, WebDrake 17:11, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Next steps
Hello again WebDrake :-) You wrote on Talk:Self-organized criticality:

 * The next few things I want to do are to write up a couple of models as examples of SOC dynamics (I think BTW sandpile and Bak-Sneppen evolution model are good choices). I'd also like to have a hack at the self-organization and power law articles, but I'd like to chat a bit more with the existing writers on that since I think any major changes there would be more likely to cause a ruckus — self-organization, at least, is much more disputed and less well-defined than SOC.  I guess you know the people who have worked on that stuff somewhat, so do you reckon you could bounce them into some discussion?  (Get them to look over this article too.:-) Best, — WebDrake 16:01, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Some examples of SOC would be excellent. Since the article is getting quite long, you might like to consider putting them in separate new articles with suitably specific titles, and forward and back links.

As far as power law is concerned, I don't think you need worry too much. It's a fairly straightforward article with only about 60 edits. I think you should go ahead and rewrite it, just taking care to incorporate all the existing material in some form, or else putting a copy of anything you remove completely from the article itself onto Talk:Power law with a brief explanation. (In this connection you might like to have a look at a question I asked about experience curve effects, although I'm not really convinced there is any hard numerical "law" in that case.)

For self-organization I think your caution is very sensible. It's a complex :-) article with many editors and edits. A total rewrite without preparation might not be taken well in all quarters.  On the other hand, I'm not actually as well known around there myself as you assume :-)  But I'll have a go at laying some groundwork in the next day or two!

Regards -- JimR 17:47, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi Jim — nice to hear from you! Thanks for the interest and advice.  Re SOC models, I think a section on "Examples of SOC dynamics" would be good, with links to subpages on, say, BTW sandpile, forest-fire models, Bak-Sneppen, Olami-Feder-Christensen and maybe one or two others.  I'd also like to do a page on the Oslo ricepile experiment.

 * On power laws, I'll be meeting up with a few scientific colleagues in the latter half of November and I'll have a good chat with them about how to revise that article. Ditto self-organization.

 * Alas in general I'm not going to do much writing in the next couple of weeks because I have a thesis to get finished... But I'll try to drop in some words when I can. ;-)

 * All the best, — Joe aka WebDrake 01:10, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Hi Joe. The example stubs are a very nice start. I've cross-linked co-evolution and Bak-Sneppen model. I've also drawn attention to your work on Talk:Self-organization as foreshadowed. Good luck with the thesis! -- JimR 06:42, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Great! Thanks so much.  I shall be pretty quiet for the next couple of weeks but I'll look forward to much further fun discussion and writing. :-)  — WebDrake 08:07, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Self-organized criticality
You wrote:
 * Hi Karol,
 * Thanks for your contributions to self-organized criticality: it was a good idea to add it to the Fractals and Dynamical systems categories.
 * I decided to restore the Physics category though. I know it's a bit general but I felt it was necessary since it doesn't fit well into one sole field of physics (it has origins in both statistical and condensed matter physics, plus relevance to other fields such as solar/plasma physics, etc.).
 * I like your homepage here! Great to see someone whose interests are so wide.
 * Best wishes, — Joe aka WebDrake 13:52, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi. First let me say - nice to see such an open-minded editor. Although SOC is in fact a broad subject and can be applied in many fields, I think placing it in Category:Physics is a mistake. By definition, Category:Physics should contain pages about physics and pages defining its subcategories (such as Category:Mechanics. Since SOC is a topic in physics, but not about physics, it does not belong there. Also, it is already in Category:Dynamical systems, which is a sub-sub-category of Category:Physics and therefore redundant. All in all, I wouldn't protest, but we just finished depopulating the Physics category 2 months ago. There are alot of topics like SOC that could well stay there, but if they did we would have > 200 pages in the category again (which is not a nice thing). Karol 15:54, 17 October 2005 (UTC) P.S. WP:CG is a nice reference.
 * OK, I did wonder if it might be an issue like that — so let's see if we can be more precise with the categories. Dynamical systems is not actually listed as a sub-category of physics, although I think it should be.  In any case I'd like to have some sort of direct reference to physics in one of the categories.  I think a nice compromise might be to put it in both Category:Statistical Physics and Category:Dynamical Systems.  Sounds good? — WebDrake 17:19, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

You wrote:

Further to your comments on my talk page, I agree that SOC is not appropriate to belong to Category:Physics. I've therefore revised it so the article now belongs to: category:applied and interdisciplinary physics; category:dynamical systems; category:statistical mechanics; category:fractals; and category:interdisciplinary fields. That seems like a nice summary. :-)

One other thing that might be interesting to you: in checking out appropriate categories, I noted a discrepancy between the spelling of the article Non-equilibrium thermodynamics and the associated category, which lacked the hyphen. So I did a host of minor updates and the upshot is that the system is now using Category:Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, bringing the spellings into line. I left the former category as a redirect page, but it should probably be deleted.

Best wishes, — WebDrake 18:44, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * As to Category:Dynamical systems, it is a subcategory of Category:Mechanics, which is a subcategory of Category:Physics, making for a "second order" redundancy.

 * Good call on the categories. Actually, I found that there is no Category:Self-organization, which (I think) would be the perfect place to put SOC. I created the cat and put the SOC examples you made in it. And yes, these categories and articles will need more work in the future.

 * Cheers. Karol 19:34, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

 * P.S. I think we should continue this discussion on Talk:Self-organized_criticality. Karol 07:55, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Power law sections
Hi Joe. The additional material in Power law is good. But sorry I think you may be misinterpreting WP:CITE. Doesn't WP:CITE support my contention that (a) works which are not cited as sources (which I think means in footnotes) should be in a Further reading section; and (b) Further reading and/or External links goes after References? -- JimR 06:25, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the reply, Joe. I've now renamed "References" to "Further reading" and moved it to above "External links".  This seems to fit the guidelines for the moment.  As you add more notes or sources, you can of course readjust as appropriate.  -- JimR 11:24, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

Benoît's accent
Oh well, the article about Benoît Mandelbrot has the accent in its title; so I was guided by that. Kelisi 16:11, 5 August 2006 (UTC) Yes, Benois's accent also known as Prajives vocab is ridiculous — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.219.243.158 (talk) 15:40, 22 October 2013 (UTC)

John Metcalf (composer)
Booyabazooka, why did you edit the link on this page? I gave the exact title of the website linked to, why change it?

I'm happy that you took a look at the page so soon after its creation, but I don't understand your reasoning. —WebDrake 19:36, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

 * It was just a trivial edit... I removed that bit of text because it doesn't really help describe the link. In a citation, if that site were being used as a reference, I would probably want to include its full title; but as an external link, I'd rather see text that helps indicate what the link contains. ~ Booya Bazooka 22:03, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

Power Laws and Universality
Hi WebDrake,

(Just to warn you, this ended up being a lot longer than I'd originally thought - I hope this all makes sense. My general desire is to not import what I see as some confusion in the scientific literature on power laws in "complex systems" to the wikipedia article.)

I think that the section on universality needs to make a couple of things explicit. In some systems in physics, e.g., spin glasses, the universality of power-law behavior rests on firm empirical and theoretical grounds. For other systems, such as complex networks or various sociophysics applications, claims of universality seem to be mere speculation. It seems to me that a lot of statistical physicists who work in these areas have imported the familiar (to them) idea of universality, but are applying it in a way that may not be congruent with its original meaning. For instance, in statistical physics, critical exponents describe the functional behavior of a variable, while in these "complex systems", the exponent of a power law describes the probabilistic behavior of the variable. Even if we accept that the idea of universality is applicable to probability distributions, significant problems remain.

For instance, universality requires the coincidence of the scaling exponents. But, in most of these "complex systems", the estimates of the scaling exponent's value are extremely coarse (this is at least partially due to the MLEs not being widely used). People often claim universality after seeing a power law with an exponent in the range $$2 < \alpha < 3$$, rather than by precisely matching exponents as was done for the more traditonal physics systems. Also, $$2 < \alpha < 3$$ is a huge range over which to claim a precise matching, and it's expecting a lot to assume that, as the fitting methods improve, the values will continue to match in a precise way among these disparate systems. And, there are a large number of stochastic mechanisms that all produce power law distributions with exponents in exactly the observed range, so there doesn't seem to be any reason that we should a priori expect any universality class, in the traditional sense, to apply to these probabilistic systems (more on this in a moment). One of the silliest claims of universality in a "complex system" is in the "scale-free networks" literature, concerning the structure of the Internet. Walter Willinger, David Alderson and their colleagues have criticized this claim extensively in a series of careful articles, such as this one.

Finally, there are no validated theories that describe why we should expect to see power laws with certain exponents in these "complex systems". There are lots of interesting ideas, but researchers rarely do the necessary work to validate their models. Without such validation, it seems hazardous to try to generalize two systems into a universality class. Rather, similar behavior could just be a coincidence - perhaps two different mechanisms just happen to produce power law distributions with the similar exponents, but, for other reason, there is no way to put them in the same class of systems. (Or, similar behavior could be a data artifact.) Renormalization provided this deeper connection for many traditional systems, but there is not yet such a theory for any "complex systems". (At least, I'm not aware of one...) Michael Mitzenmacher has commented on some of these issues in a recent editorical for Internet Mathematics (available from his publications page). The problem is basically that people have been getting ahead of themselves (and what their data supports) in pushing into these new "complex systems" areas. I'm pretty sure that all of these issues will get sorted out eventually, but since there's already a lot of confusion in the "complex systems" scientific literature, I think we need to be careful in the wikipedia article not to repeat things as fact that are merely speculation.

Now... I wonder how we can work this perspective into the article.

Paresnah 01:54, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Just to let you know, I just did a major revision of the Revised Article. The new section on power-law functions should be fleshed out a bit, and I think some figures would be nice, but otherwise, I think it's now basically ready to replace to main Power law article. Looking forward to hearing what you think. Paresnah 11:35, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I made another pass through the article today, fleshing out some of the sections (e.g., the power-law functions section) that needed some work, and better linking with other, related wikipedia articles. I guess I was a little reluctant to post something with such clear placeholders for important topics, although in retrospect, that's silly considering the state of the main article right now! Anyway, when you've had a chance to go over it, and, assuming you agree it's ready, I'll go ahead and replace the main article. Paresnah 03:34, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

Fighting Fantasy
Hi there. Thanks a lot for your contribution to the Moonrunner page - it's one of my favourite books in the series, so I'm glad that it has the high-quality desciption that it deserves. The format that you describe for the book entries seems very close to the existing format, certainly for all the entries that I've written - I must confess to not having checked every entry recently. If there are any that aren't laid out in this format, please feel free to sort them out. Euchrid 15:47, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I wrote the first article about a single FF book, so I guess that you could say that it is my invention, though I hadn't thought of it in those terms. I'm just glad to see some action on the FF articles again! Euchrid 06:25, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

RE:Fighting Fantasy stuff
Thanks for the message, much appreciated. Sorry about deleting that link, it's a habit of mine. I'm a bit busy at the moment but if I find some time, I'll look for a decent cover for Black Vein Prophecy. --Auger Martel 06:38, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Oslo ricepile experiment
A template has been added to the article Oslo ricepile experiment, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but the article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached.. Greswik 13:49, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Physics participation
You received this message because your were on the old list of WikiProject Physics participants.

On 2008-06-25, the WikiProject Physics participant list was rewritten from scratch as a way to remove all inactive participants, and to facilitate the coordination of WikiProject Physics efforts. The list now contains more information, is easier to browse, is visually more appealing, and will be maintained up to date.

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Women in Red World Contest
Hi. We're into the last five days of the Women in Red World Contest. There's a new bonus prize of $200 worth of books of your choice to win for creating the most new women biographies between 0:00 on the 26th and 23:59 on 30th November. If you've been contributing to the contest, thank you for your support, we've produced over 2000 articles. If you haven't contributed yet, we would appreciate you taking the time to add entries to our articles achievements list by the end of the month. Thank you, and if participating, good luck with the finale!

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:WebDrake


text:
Wikipedia:Meetup/Minnesota

The Wikimedians of Minnesota User Group has developed from meetup events held in several cities in Minnesota since 2005, including Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Bloomington, drawing participants from across the state and beyond.

There is also a mailing list for the Wikimedians in Minnesota. Please join it!

July
West-Central Minnesota History Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon
 * Date: Saturday, July 16, 2022
 * Time: 11-4 pm CT
 * Location: Kandiyohi County Museum, 610 Hwy 71 Service Rd, Willmar, MN 56201.

South-Central Minnesota History Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon
 * Date: Saturday, July 23, 2022
 * Time: 11-4 pm CT
 * Location: Blue Earth County History Center and Museum, 424 Warren Street, Mankato, MN 56001.

August
Northwest Minnesota History Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon
 * Date: Saturday, August 20, 2022
 * Time: 11-4 pm CT
 * Location: Clearwater County History Center, 264 1st Street, Shevlin, Minnesota 56676.

Northland Minnesota History Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon
 * Date: Sunday, August 21, 2022
 * Time: 11-4 pm CT
 * Location: Minnesota Discovery Center, 1005 Discovery Drive, Chisholm, Minnesota 55719.

October
Southwest Minnesota History Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon
 * Date: Saturday, October 8, 2022
 * Time: 11-4 pm CT
 * Location: Nobles County Museum, 225 9th Street, Worthington, Minnesota.

Southeast Minnesota History Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon
 * Date: Saturday, October 29, 2022
 * Time: 11-4 pm CT
 * Location: Winona County History Center, 160 Johnson Street, Winona, Minnesota.

November
Central Minnesota History Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon
 * Date: Thursday, November 3, 2022
 * Time: 11-4 pm CT
 * Location: Charles A. Weyerhaeuser Memorial Museum, 2151 South Lindbergh Drive, Little Falls, MN.

Park Region Minnesota History Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon
 * Date: Saturday, November 12, 2022
 * Time: 11-4 pm CT
 * Location: Otter Tail County Historical Museum, 1110 W Lincoln Avenue, Fergus Falls, Minnesota 55719.

August
Walker Art Center Virtual Wikipedia Edit-a-thon
 * Date: Thursday, August 13, 2020
 * Time: 6-9 pm CT
 * Location: Zoom

June
Wikipedia Editathon for Pride and Black Lives Matter
 * Date: Monday, June 29, 2020
 * Time: 4:30pm - 8:30pm CT
 * Location: Zoom

March
UMN Women in STEAMM Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon
 * Date: Thursday, March 5, 2020
 * Time: 5:00pm - 8:00pm CT
 * Location: University of Minnesota Libraries Walter Library, The Toaster Innovation Hub, 117 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.

ACC Art+Feminism Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon 2020
 * Date: Wednesday, March 25, 2020
 * Time: 5:30pm - 8:30 pm CT
 * Location: American Craft Council ACC Library, 1224 Marshall Street NE, Suite 200, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55413.

January
Wikipedia Day
 * Date: Saturday, 19 January 2019
 * Time: 6—9 p.m.
 * Location: Common Roots Cafe Meeting Room, 2558 Lyndale Ave South, Minneapolis (44.95556°N, -93.28806°W)
 * Transportation: Parking is available in their lot just north of the building. The #4 and #113 buses stop in front. There is a Nice Ride station next to it on 26th Avenue, plus bike racks along Lyndale Avenue and 26th Avenue.

2019 #1Lib1Ref at University of Minnesota -- CANCELLED due to weather
 * Date: Thursday, January 31, 2019
 * Time: 10:00am - 1:00pm CT
 * Location: University of Minnesota Libraries Wilson Library, Wilson Research Collaboration Studio, 309 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.

March
UMN Women in STEM Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon
 * Date: Thursday, March 7, 2019
 * Time: 5:00pm - 9:00pm CT
 * Location: University of Minnesota Libraries Wilson Library, Wilson Research Collaboration Studio, 309 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.

Art+Feminism Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon
 * Date: Saturday, March 9, 2019
 * Time: Noon - 4:00pm CT
 * Location: Minneapolis Institute of Art, Target Wing Atrium, Friends Community Room & Library, 2400 Third Avenue South, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404

September
Art+Feminism Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon
 * Date: Thursday, September 5, 2019
 * Time: 5:30pm - 8:30pm CT
 * Location: American Craft Council, 1224 Marshall St NE, Ste 200, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55413

November
Native American Artists Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon
 * Date: Saturday, November 9, 2019
 * Time: 11 a.m. —4 p.m. C.T.
 * Location: Minneapolis Institute of Art, Target Wing Atrium, Friends Community Room & Library, 2400 Third Avenue South, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404

January
#1Lib1Ref @ U of MN
 * Date: Wednesday, January 17, 2018
 * Time: 8:00am - noon CT
 * Location: University of Minnesota Libraries Wilson Library, Wilson Research Collaboration Studio, 309 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.

February
To Wikipedia, With Love
 * Date: Saturday, February 17, 2018
 * Time: Noon - 4:00pm CT
 * Location: Minneapolis Institute of Art, Target Wing Atrium, Friends Community Room & Library, 2400 Third Avenue South, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404

March
Women's History Month edit-a-thon
 * Date: Tuesday, March 20, 2018
 * Time: 5:00pm - 7:00pm CT
 * Location: A.C. Clark Library, L327 Bemidji State University, 1500 Birchmont Ave NE, Bemidji, Minnesota 56601

Art + Feminism Wikipedia Edit-a-thon
 * Date: Monday, March 26, 2018
 * Time: 1:00pm - 5:00pm CT
 * Location: University of Minnesota Libraries Wilson Library, Wilson Research Collaboration Studio, 309 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.

May
Minnesota User Group Meeting
 * Date: Sunday, May 20, 2018
 * Time: 4 pm – 6 pm, dinner afterward on Eat Street (Nicollet Avenue)
 * Location: Art Research and Reference Library Reading Room, Target Wing at Minneapolis Institute of Art, 2400 Third Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55404

June
Wiki Loves Pride Edit-a-thon
 * Date: Saturday June 30, 2018
 * Time: 12:00pm - 4:00pm CT
 * Location: Minneapolis Central Library, 300 Nicollet Mall, Minneapolis, MN 55401.

July
Wiki Loves Pride Edit-a-thon
 * Date: Saturday July 28, 2018
 * Time: 12:00pm - 4:00pm CT
 * Location: Quatrefoil Library, 1220 E Lake St, Mpls MN 55407

January
African American Artists Wikipedia Edit-a-thon at Minneapolis Institute of Art
 * Date: Saturday, January 28, 2017
 * Time: 12:00pm - 4:00pm CT
 * Location: Minneapolis Institute of Art Target Wing Atrium, Friends Community Room & Library, 2400 Third Avenue South, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404

March
Art+Feminism Edit-a-thon at Minneapolis Central Library (2017)
 * Date: Saturday, March 11th
 * Time: 12:00pm - 4:00pm CT
 * Location: Minneapolis Central Library 300 Nicollet Mall, Minneapolis

April
Social Activism Edit-a-thon at St. Cloud State University (2017)
 * Date: Saturday, April 15th
 * Time: 12:00pm - 4:00pm CT
 * Location: St. Cloud State University James W. Miller Learning Resources Center (University Library), 720 4th Avenue South, St. Cloud

May
"Women in Art"-themed Art + Feminism Wikipedia Edit-a-thon
 * Date: Saturday, May 6th
 * Time: 12:00pm - 4:00pm CT
 * Location: St. Catherine University Visual Arts Building, 2nd-floor computer lab, 2004 Randolph Avenue, Saint Paul

June
Wiki Loves Pride Edit-a-thon
 * Date: Saturday, July 1st
 * Time: 11:00am - 5:00pm CT
 * Location: Minneapolis Central Library, 300 Nicollet Mall, Minneapolis

October
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Meetup/St._Cloud/What_is_Wikipedia%3F "What is Wikipedia?" Orientation and Edit-a-thon]
 * Date: Saturday, October 28th
 * Time: 12:00pm - 4:00pm CT
 * Location: St. Cloud State University, James W. Miller Learning Resources Center (University Library), 720 4th Avenue South, St. Cloud

January
Wikipedia's 15th anniversary is being celebrated around the world on or near January 15. See the talk page for a discussion of a gathering in Minnesota.

March
Minneapolis Central Library Art+Feminism Edit-a-thon
 * Date: Saturday, March 5th
 * Time: 11:00am - 5:00pm CT
 * Location: Minneapolis Central Library 300 Nicollet Mall, Minneapolis

March
An edit-a-thon focused on Edina, Minnesota was held in the Ethel Berry Room of Southdale Library on Sunday, March 1, 2015 from 2 to 5 p.m.

 * Walker Art Center ArtAndFeminism Edit-a-thon

 * Date: Sunday, March 8th
 * Time: 12:00 - 4:00pm CT
 * Location: Walker Art Center Library and Art Lab, 1750 Hennepin Avenue, Minneapolis
 * We'll need experienced Wikipedians at this event to help out new editors.

October

 * Art + Feminism Mia Wikipedia Edit-a-thon

 * Date: Saturday, October 24, 2015
 * Time: 12:00 - 4:00pm CT
 * Location: Minneapolis Institute of Art Target Wing Atrium, Friends Community Room & Library, 2400 Third Avenue South, Minneapolis
 * We'll need experienced Wikipedians at this event to help out new editors.

January
A Wikipedia Day meetup was held on January 18 at the Seward Café.

February
An editathon on art and feminism was held on February 1 at the Regis Center.

July
The Great American Wiknic 2014 was held at the Como Park Zoo and Conservatory in St. Paul, Minnesota on 6 July.

October
On October 11, the American Craft Council hosted this year's 4th Art + Feminism edit-a-thon in the Twin Cities, at the American Craft Council Library at 1224 Marshall Street NE, Suite 200. Participants edited a number of biographies of artists, craftspeople, and designers.

November

 * Edit-a-thon at Sun Ray library

 * Where:Sun Ray Library 2105 Wilson Avenue, St. Paul 55119 44.95407°N, -93.01147°W
 * When:2014-11-29 10:00 - 17:00
 * Contact:User:MarkTraceur is coordinating and his name is on the (accepted) application, you can [mailto:mtraceur@member.fsf.org email him] for information.

January
There was a Wikipedia Day meetup at the Minnesota Historical Society on Saturday afternoon, January 12. MHS generously provided lunch and parking. After a time to socialize, there was a presentation on MNopedia and a behind the scenes preview of a exhibit on the American Civil War.

June 1
As the first of a planned series monthly meetups, there was an event on June 1 at Minneapolis Central Library.

June 22
A picnic was held on June 22 at Minnehaha Park, as part of the Great American Wiknic.

July
The second monthly meetup was at Minneapolis Central Library on July 6.

August
An August monthly meetup was planned for August 3 at the Lavvu Coffe House in Dinkytown, though it had to be moved to a different location.

February
The first Minnesota edit-a-thon was held on February 25 at Minneapolis Central Library. About a dozen participants, with a range of levels of experience editing Wikipedia, worked on articles about Minneapolis topics such as neighborhoods, people, and buildings, using the topic files of the Minneapolis Collection at Special Collections. The event was covered in a Star Tribune blog and the Twin Cities Daily Planet.

July
A picnic was held on July 7 at Minnehaha Falls as part of the Great American Wiknic. Only three people came, but they had a few hours of vigorous discussion of Wikipedia experiences and article topics by the falls.

November
A Wiki Loves Libraries event and edit-a-thon was held at Minneapolis Central Library on November 3. A large number of people attended, especially those new to editing Wikipedia. Besides editing more Minneapolis articles, there was a tour of Special Collections, and discussion of future events at other local libraries and museums. The event was covered the week before in lifestyle section of the Star Tribune.

January
As part of the Wikipedia 10th anniversary worldwide events, there was a celebration in Minnesota, held on January 15, at Brit's Pub & Eating Establishment (site of the first Minnesota meetup).

June
A picnic was held at Minnehaha Park as part of the Great American Wiknic.

October
A coordinated project Wikipedia Loves Libraries promoted events across North America in October. An event was held on Saturday, October 22, at the Saint Paul Central Library.

October
Two Minnesota meetups were held in 2010. Nine people attended one on Halloween afternoon at the Midtown Exchange, a historic Sears building on Lake Street in Minneapolis. After some initial difficulty locating each other in the large market, and despite competition with the sounds of a jazz concert and the Vikings game on a big screen, there was a good conversation on many topics. Editors reviewed the progress of WikiProject Minnesota. There was extensive discussion of best naming practices and areas for improvement in articles related to Native Americans and other cultural groups.

November
On November 20, there was a meetup at the Minnesota History Center in St. Paul. The Minnesota Historical Society hosted it and provided lunch. Society staff and Wikipedians shared ideas, discussed collaboration, toured the gigantic stacks of archives, and saw the State Historic Preservation Office, where National Register of Historic Places files are kept.

2009
The fifth meetup took place exactly one year after the previous one, at 1 p.m., on Sunday, October 11th, at the Highland Chatterbox Pub in St. Paul. There were only six participants, but they had a lively discussion on topics related to editing Wikipedia, Wikiprojects, copyright policy and law, photography for Wikimedia, and the resources of the Minnesota Historical Society.

2008
The fourth meetup was held at noon on Saturday, October 11, at the Town Hall Brewery on Seven Corners in Minneapolis. Participants included Appraiser, Elkman, Bobak, BenFranske, SusanLesch, Jonathunder, Matt, Megan, and Grika with two family members. After taking advantage of the lovely fall weather to eat and drink outdoors, some took a walk down to the new observation area under the I-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge.

2007

The third meetup was held on Sunday, October 7, 2007, at one p.m. at Pracna on Main restaurant, 117 Main SE, Minneapolis. After some food, drink, and conversation in the restaurant, several Wikipedians braved the unseasonably high dew point, checked out development plans for the Pillsbury A Mill, enjoyed the colorful deciduous trees in Father Hennepin park, watched a blue heron and three white-tailed deer on Hennepin Island, walked across the Stone Arch Bridge, watched a pleasure boat go through the lock around Saint Anthony Falls, looked at the ruins at Mill Ruins Park, and looked at the city from the endless bridge at the Guthrie Theater.

2006
The second meetup was held in Bloomington on Sunday, October 29, 2006, at one p.m. at the Mall of America, for a social hour and general discussion, at Famous Dave's BBQ restaurant (S321). This was a late change of location within the mall, but there were still nearly 20 people in attendance.

2005
The first Minnesota meetup was held in Minneapolis on October 8, 2005. After meeting at the University of Minnesota, participants repaired to Brit's Pub for beer or cider, British food, and conversation.

Those present included dml, his wife Fred and son Ben; Angela; Jonathunder and his friend Chris; Mulad; AaronRoe; and UninvitedCompany.

title: Wikipedia:Meetup/Minnesota


text: User talk:68.98.208.83

title: User talk:68.98.208.83


text:
User talk:Mscuthbert

Hi there, this is the talk page for Myke Cuthbert (Michael Scott Cuthbert).

Archives

 * 1 (2006.04-2007.06)
 * 2 (2007.06-2007.12)
 * 3 (2008.01-2008.12)
 * 4 (2009.05-2013.05)
 * 5 (2013.05-2015.11)
 * 6 (2015.11-2018.01)

(Recently archived talk page -- will probably delete bot messages to be able to check messages here more easily -- Michael Scott Cuthbert (talk) )

January 2021
With the help of many, especially you: Jerome Kohl. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 20:57, 13 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Thank you so much Gerda for making this possible. And everything else you do for Wikipedia! -- Michael Scott Cuthbert (talk) 03:35, 14 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Thank you, and great collaboration! - Happy Wikipedia 20, - proud of a little bit on the Main page today, and 5 years ago, and 10 years ago, look: create a new style - revive - complete! I sang in the revival mentioned. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 17:21, 15 January 2021 (UTC)
 * On the Main page today, remembered in friendship --Gerda Arendt (talk) 13:16, 28 January 2021 (UTC)

Precious
You are recipient no. 2522 of Precious, a prize of QAI. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 21:19, 28 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Awwww....thank you -- you are such a kind person and amazing Wikipedian! -- Michael Scott Asato Cuthbert (talk) 02:25, 24 November 2021 (UTC)

Trecento generations question
Hi Mscuthbert, I hope all is well. You had helped me greatly by taking a look at my work on Grimace (composer) and F. Andrieu—I have a quick question for you, if you don't mind. I tried to re-sort the composers at Template:Music of the Trecento into generations; however, I'm not sure how successful I was. I know the concept of generations exists because Landini is considered the height of the second generation and (as I understand) Jacopo is the master of the first. Yet I have been unable to find any sources which list each representative in a specific generation (or defined them one by one), making me unsure about if I put people in the right place. Any thoughts? Best – Aza24 (talk) 20:03, 15 January 2022 (UTC)
 * It looks very good to me Aza24 -- the only thing I think is to move Marchetto to his own generation; he's so far from Piero and the others (at least 30 years, more likely 40-50) that it's odd to list him with them. 0th generation?  Maybe instead of "Works" we could say "Manuscripts" and hope that great individual works get their own articles later.  (My goodness Caccia doesn't have an article!  That needs to be fixed).  How wonderful that you've done this!.  -- Michael Scott Asato Cuthbert (talk) 07:28, 29 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I went with a "Predecessors" row for Marchetto. I'm considering adding the few Italian troubadours (like Sordello) and Casella (Divine Comedy) to that row as well, but maybe that's a stretch? I hope to get a few Trecento musicians to GA in the coming future... but it will take me some time to get familiar with the literature on the topic. Aza24 (talk) 22:08, 30 January 2022 (UTC)
 * That's fine. Maybe "Earliest" would be better, since Marchetto isn't a predecessor to the trecento, but right in it.  Or even, the defining part of it.  -- Michael Scott Asato Cuthbert (talk) 05:15, 31 January 2022 (UTC)

Precious anniversary
--Gerda Arendt (talk) 07:14, 28 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Thank you! I'm not sure what anniversary we're celebrating (I've been editing for 15+), but any time I hear from you makes my day so much more special! <3  -- Michael Scott Asato Cuthbert (talk) 07:23, 29 January 2022 (UTC)

ArbCom 2022 Elections voter message
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Precious anniversary
... and if you are still not sure: there's a link --Gerda Arendt (talk) 09:46, 28 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Awww! You're the best! -- Michael Scott Asato Cuthbert (talk) 00:40, 1 February 2023 (UTC)

Charles III requested move discussion
There is a new requested move discussion in progress for the Charles III article. Since you participated in the previous discussion, I thought you might like to know about this one. Cheers. Rreagan007 (talk) 06:49, 24 July 2023 (UTC)

A♭ clarinet article
Hi Michael, I've had a go at getting the A-flat clarinet article up to potential WP:GAN, and left a couple of comments on the talk page. Would you be up for recording a scale and uploading it to Commons? That would be super awesome :) I've been meaning to do it myself for contrabass trombone and cimbasso but life has been weird lately — Jon (talk) 04:51, 28 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Hi! I'll try to do it -- I recently moved so I don't have my microphones set up and need to adjust the tuning of the Ab for the humid weather.  Thanks for doing a lot with the article! -- Michael Scott Asato Cuthbert (talk) 00:46, 29 August 2023 (UTC)

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 Hello! Voting in the 2023 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

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Precious anniversary
--Gerda Arendt (talk) 08:10, 28 January 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mscuthbert


text:
User talk:1dg8m4b

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. — Lomn | Talk / RfC 20:27, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Welcome!
Howdy, and welcome to Wikipedia! Sorry to see your early contributions have been "speedied," but when you look over our guidelines (below) I think you'll see why.

There's still lots to be written here, though, so I hope you like the place and decide to stay! Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page (below).
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Happy editing, and have a good time! If there's ever anything I can help with (or if you just want to say hey) feel free to swing by my talk page! --Dvyost 20:31, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Just noticed your addition to Michael Burns. Be careful to add only meaningful content to articles; to do otherwise is considered vandalism. --Dvyost 20:33, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Stop it
Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. — Lomn | Talk / RfC 20:48, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:1dg8m4b


text:
UEFA Futsal Championship

The UEFA European Futsal Championship is the main futsal competition of the men's national futsal teams governed by UEFA (the Union of European Football Associations).

History
The first tournament was held in Spain in 1996 and featured only six teams. The tournament was expanded to eight teams in 1999 and held every two years, and further to 12 teams in 2010.

After 2018, the tournament was expanded to 16 teams and held every four years, to avoid leap years when the FIFA Futsal World Cup is being played. The first 16-team tournament was held in 2022 in the Netherlands.

Qualification

 * 1) 1996 UEFA Futsal Championship qualifying (Link)
 * 2) 1999 UEFA Futsal Championship qualifying (Link)
 * 3) 2001 UEFA Futsal Championship qualifying (Link)
 * 4) 2003 UEFA Futsal Championship qualifying (Link)
 * 5) 2005 UEFA Futsal Championship qualifying (Link)
 * 6) 2007 UEFA Futsal Championship qualifying (Link)
 * 7) 2010 UEFA Futsal Championship qualifying
 * 8) UEFA Futsal Euro 2012 qualifying
 * 9) UEFA Futsal Euro 2014 qualifying
 * 10) UEFA Futsal Euro 2016 qualifying
 * 11) UEFA Futsal Euro 2018 qualifying
 * 12) UEFA Futsal Euro 2022 qualifying
 * 13) UEFA Futsal Euro 2026 qualifying

Performance by nations

 *  * = hosts

Comprehensive team results by tournament

 * Legend
 * 1st – Champions
 * 2nd – Runners-up
 * 3rd – Third place
 * 4th – Fourth place
 *  – Semi-finalists
 * 5th–8th – Fifth to Eighth place
 * 9th–12th – Ninth to Twelfth place
 * Q – Qualified for upcoming tournament
 * — Qualified but withdrew
 * — Did not qualify
 * — Did not enter
 * – Withdrew from the European Championship / Banned / Entry not accepted by FIFA
 * — Country not affiliated to UEFA at that time
 * — Country did not exist or national team was inactive
 * — Hosts

FIFA Futsal World Cup Qualifiers

 * Legend
 * 1st – Champions
 * 2nd – Runners-up
 * 3rd – Third place
 * 4th – Fourth place
 * QF – Quarterfinals
 * R2 – Round 2 (1989–2008, second group stage, top 8; 2012–present: knockout round of 16)
 * R1 – Round 1
 * – Hosts
 * {{legend|gray| – Not an UEFA member}}
 * Q – Qualified for upcoming tournament

title: UEFA Futsal Championship


text:
USS John R. Pierce

USS John R. Pierce (DD-753), an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer, is the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Lieutenant Commander John Reeves Pierce.

Namesake
John Reeves Pierce was born on 3 November 1906 in Cristóbal, Colón, Panama Canal Zone. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1928. Following flight training and submarine instruction, he served on the submarine USS S-29 and studied marine engineering at the University of California. After serving on USS Nautilus (SS-168) and USS Narwhal (SS-167), he assumed command of USS S-23 (SS-128) on 15 February 1941. Appointed Lieutenant Commander on 2 January 1942, on 22 June he took command of USS Argonaut (SM-1), a transport submarine, which participated with Nautilus in carrying out the Raid on Makin Island from 17 to 19 August.

On 10 January 1943 during its third war patrol in the Southwest Pacific, Argonaut sighted an Imperial Japanese Navy convoy protected by planes and destroyers. Built as the first large minelaying submarine, Argonaut lacked proper submergible maneuverability during combat operations. When detected, it came under a vicious enemy attack, Argonaut surfaced and pressed home an aggressive counterattack, severely damaging a Japanese destroyer before succumbing to heavy enemy fire. Pierce was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross.

Construction and commissioning
John R. Pierce was laid down by the Bethlehem Steel Co., Staten Island, New York on 24 March 1944 and launched on 1 September 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Mary Taylor Pierce, widow of Lieutenant Commander Pierce. The ship was commissioned on 30 December 1944 at Brooklyn Navy Yard.

World War II
Following her shakedown cruise off Bermuda, John R. Pierce operated out of Norfolk, Virginia during the spring of 1945, where she trained destroyer crews and conducted antisubmarine warfare (ASW) patrols along the eastern seaboard. She sailed on 17 June for duty in the Pacific, and arrived at Pearl Harbor on 6 July. Later, on 12 August, she departed as escort for an aircraft carrier-cruiser striking force sent to attack Wake Island, where she was ordered to cease offensive operations on 15 August. She then proceeded via Eniwetok to Japan and arrived Wakayama, Honshū on 15 September as escort for a convoy of occupation troops. Her crew members were the first Americans to enter Hiroshima after the atomic bomb attack.

Post war
For the next three months, she operated in the Japanese Inland Sea, covering occupation landings and assisting in the liberation of Allied POWs. She sailed on 21 December from Kure, Honshū, to Shanghai, China, to support the Chinese Nationalists in their conflict with the Communists for control of the mainland. She also conducted the "North China Omnibus Courier Run" between China and Korea until 6 March 1946, when she departed Qingdao, China, for the United States.

She arrived at San Francisco on 27 March, and was deactivated 16 September. John R. Pierce then sailed for San Diego on 17 January 1947, decommissioned 24 January and entered the San Diego Group, Pacific Reserve Fleet on 1 May.

John R. Pierce was recommissioned on 11 April 1949. Assigned to the Atlantic Fleet, she departed on 11 July for Norfolk. Arriving on 5 August, she commenced twelve months of Atlantic operations that extended from Greenland to the Panama Canal Zone. Under the command of Commander J. R. Wadleigh, she cleared Norfolk on 8 August 1950 for duty with the 6th Fleet. Before she returned to the United States on 23 January 1951, she operated in the Mediterranean from Gibraltar to Crete and along the western coast of Europe from England to Norway.

Korea
For more than 15 months, John R. Pierce operated out of Norfolk along the Atlantic coast; then she departed on 15 May 1952 for duty in the Far East. Sailing via the Panama Canal, San Diego and Pearl Harbor, she arrived Yokosuka, Japan on 18 June. She sailed on 20 June for blockade and bombardment operations against Communist forces along the east coast of Korea. From Chongjin to Songjin, she conducted interdiction firing and "anti-mine, anti-junk and anti-fishing" patrols. While engaging enemy shore batteries at Songjin on 6 August, she sustained three hits from enemy fire, but continued interdiction patrols until 11 October. She then departed for the United States via the Indian Ocean, Suez and Gibraltar, arriving Norfolk 12 December.

1954–1973
From 5 January 1954 to 1 April 1962 John R. Pierce deployed to the Mediterranean on six cruises of varying duration. When not conducting operations with the 6th Fleet, she operated out of her home port on training exercises and readiness operations in the Atlantic and the Caribbean. When in the Mediterranean, fleet operations carried her the length and breadth of the sea, and deployments in 1954 and 1956 sent her, in addition, to the coast of Western Europe.

On 1 October 1956, 75 miles south of Villefranche, the ship was on aerial gunnery exercise firing at a towed aerial target, when at 0950, a shell exploded in the breech of mount 53, killing a member of the mount and seriously wounding nine others. Three of the injured were in grave condition and later died. Doctors from USS Salem (CA-139) were taken by helicopter to the destroyer, and then transferred the wounded to the cruiser at sea. Then, Salem took the men to Villefranche to be transported to Nice Airport, France, where a C-119 Flying Boxcar waited to fly them to a military hospital in Frankfurt, Germany. One of the seriously wounded was Ensign John T. Pierce, son of John R. Pierce, for whom the ship was named. After the wounded were transferred, John R. Pierce went to Cannes, France, and arrived on 2 October. She stayed there until 15 October and then got under way for the states. She refueled at São Miguel in the Azores on 20 October and again in Bermuda on 25 October, arriving in Norfolk on 27 October. From there, she went to the Philadelphia Naval Yard for repairs.

Engaged primarily in conducting ASW barrier patrols and screening carrier flight operations, John R. Pierce responded when the Syrian Army threatened King Hussein's pro-Western government of Jordan during August and September 1957, destroyers, including John r. Pierce, patrolled the sea lanes of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Red Sea to guard against possible intervention by Egypt. She returned to the same area in December 1958 to bolster the security of Lebanon, recently threatened by the Soviet-backed United Arab Republic. Following the assassination of General Trujillo on 27 May 1961, the destroyer patrolled off the Dominican Republic.

Returning to Norfolk 1 April 1962 from her seventh Mediterranean cruise, she sailed on 15 May to participate in Project Mercury recovery operations following Lieutenant Commander M. Scott Carpenter's scheduled three-orbit flight in Aurora 7. On 24 April she steamed 206 miles at flank speed from her designated position in the Atlantic Recovery Area east of Puerto Rico and recovered the floating space capsule. After delivering it safely at Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico, the next day, she returned to Norfolk 28 May before resuming duty in the Caribbean.

During the Cuban Missile Crisis, under the command of Commander J. W. Foust, John R. Pierce departed Norfolk 22 October; joined the quarantine force on 24 October; and during the next five days, investigated 13 ships. On 28 October, the Soviets agreed to the American demands, thus alleviating a tense and crucial crisis. John R. Pierce departed from her assigned position the following day, but she continued a Caribbean sea-vigil from Jamaica to the Canal Zone until returning to Norfolk 14 December.

She departed home port on 29 March 1963 for the Mediterranean and the Middle East. After two weeks of maneuvers with the 6th Fleet, she transited the Suez Canal on 30 April and commenced an 11-week cruise through the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, and the Persian Gulf. Returning to the Mediterranean 16 July, she resumed fleet operations. On 14 August she rescued three survivors of a plane that splashed off her starboard bow while attempting an emergency landing on USS Enterprise (CVAN-65). Departing Palma, Majorca, 24 August, she arrived Norfolk 4 September.

John R. Pierce spent the next year operating out of Norfolk; and during off-shore surveillance patrols in January 1964 she escorted five Cuban boats, which were illegally fishing in U.S. territorial waters, to Key West for internment. Once again she departed Norfolk for the Mediterranean 8 October. Reaching Naples late in the month, she joined the 6th Fleet and through the remainder of the year operated along the western coast of Italy.

John R. Pierce returned to Norfolk 27 February 1965. She reported to Commandant of the 3rd Naval District in Brooklyn, New York, for duty as a reserve training ship and began a schedule of 2-week training cruises for naval reservists. She continued this duty into 1973.

Awards
John R. Pierce received one battle star for service during the Korean War.

title: USS John R. Pierce


text:
User talk:PeterArnold

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! KeithD (talk) 20:28, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
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Your submission at Articles for creation
 SS Egypt, which you submitted to Articles for creation, has been created. You are more than welcome to continue making quality contributions to Wikipedia. Note that because you are a logged-in user, you can create articles yourself, and don't have to post a request. However, you are more than welcome to continue submitting work to Articles for Creation. Thank you for helping improve Wikipedia!  DGG ( talk ) 20:53, 18 August 2012 (UTC)
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SS Egypt
Hi, are you in the UK, and if so, do you have a library card. There is much info in The Times on the sinking of this ship and the subsequent salvage of her bullion which could be used to expand this article. Mjroots (talk) 07:41, 4 September 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:PeterArnold


text:
Paddy Buggy

Paddy Buggy (15 March 1929 – 15 May 2013) was an Irish sportsperson. He played hurling with his local club Slieverue and was a member of the Kilkenny senior inter-county team from 1949 until 1960. Buggy later served as the 27th president of the Gaelic Athletic Association from 1982 until 1985.

Club
Born in Slieverue, County Kilkenny, Buggy played his club hurling with his local Slieverue club. He won one senior county title with the club in 1954.

Inter-county
Buggy first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Kilkenny senior team in the late 1940s. He made his championship debut in 1949 and won his first Leinster the following year in 1950. Kilkenny later played Tipperary in an unexciting final which Tipp won by a point. Three years later in 1953 Buggy won a second Leinster medal; however, Kilkenny were later defeated by Galway in the All-Ireland semi-final. In 1957 Buggy won his third Leinster title before lining out in his second All-Ireland final. Waterford provided the opposition on that occasion in an exciting championship decider. Waterford led by six points with fifteen minutes to go, however, Kilkenny stormed back with two quick goals to win the game by a point giving Buggy an All-Ireland medal. The following year he won a fourth Leinster title before being later beaten by Tipperary in the All-Ireland semi-final. In 1959 Buggy won his fifth Leinster title before lining out in a third All-Ireland final. Once again Waterford provided the opposition, however, the game ended in a draw. In the replay it was the Déise who emerged victorious by seven points. Buggy retired from inter-county hurling in 1960.

Provincial
Buggy also won a Railway Cup medal with Leinster in 1954.

Administrative roles
Buggy began his administrative career with the Slieverue club at the age of 18 when he served as secretary of the minor section of the club. He later filled every available administrative position on the club's committee. As well as becoming a club administrator, Buggy was also elected as the Slieverue representative on the Kilkenny Southern Board in 1947, before being elected as one of the club's delegates to the Kilkenny County Board in 1950. He remained on the board until 1955 when he was elected to the Leinster Council. Buggy rose to the position of vice-chairman before gaining promotion to the position of chairman between 1978 and 1980.

GAA presidency
Buggy was officially nominated as the Kilkenny candidate for president of the GAA in January 1981. He also received the backing of Offaly and Wicklow. In the election in Killarney on 29 March 1981, he defeated Mick Loftus, the chairman of the Connacht Council, by 145 votes to 136 and was elected on the fifth count. As president he presided over the centenary celebrations of the organisation in 1984 and was generally regarded as an able administrator, particularly close to the grass-root membership.

Personal life
Buggy also managed the Leinster team to five consecutive Railway Cup victories from 1971 until 1975.

Very proud of his native roots, Buggy was vociferous in the campaign to keep Slieverue in County Kilkenny amid moves to have it incorporated into the expanding City of Waterford as a suburb on the northern bank of the river Suir.

He died on 15 May 2013, aged 84.

title: Paddy Buggy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Doug Smith

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 04:57, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Doug Smith
High school rapper, fails WP:MUSIC. Delete — Lomn | Talk / RfC 20:28, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete as per nomination. Mallocks 20:45, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, high school silliness. Oh, and there's nothing verifiable here either.  Friday (talk) 20:50, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete quickly as student vanity, possibly a candidate for speedy deletion. Hall Monitor 21:00, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as high school vanity. Andrew pmk | Talk 00:48, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
William Erle

Sir William Erle PC FRS (1 October 1793 – 28 January 1880) was an English lawyer, judge and Whig politician.

Early career
Born at Fifehead Magdalen, Dorset, William was the son of the Rev. Christopher Erle of Gillingham, Dorset and Margaret née Bowles, a relative of the poet William Lisle Bowles. His younger brother Peter Erle went on to be a Charity Commissioner. Erle was educated at Winchester College and at New College, Oxford where he graduated BCL in 1818 and held a fellowship until 1834. Having been called to the Bar at the Middle Temple on 26 November 1819 he went on the western circuit. Here he slowly acquired a reputation for thoroughness, rather than brilliance, and a fair share of remunerative practice. He was admitted ad eundem a member of the Inner Temple on 11 June 1822, and became a bencher of that society on 18 November 1834, and in 1844, Treasurer. He also purchased a warrant as counsel at the Palace Court which had jurisdiction in all private law actions within 12 miles (19 km) of Whitehall.

In 1834, he married Amelia, eldest daughter of the Rev. David Williams, warden of New College and prebendary of Winchester, thereby vacating his fellowship. The same year he took silk. He sat in the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1837 to 1841 for the City of Oxford but he never spoke in the house, voting steadily with his party. He was appointed counsel to the Bank of England in 1844 and did not seek reelection to parliament.

Judge
Although of opposite politics to Lord Lyndhurst, Erle was made by him a judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1845, becoming serjeant-at-law and being knighted. He was transferred to the Queen's Bench in the following year, and on 23 March 1849, at Brecon Lent Assizes tried the case of Moondyne Joe and an accomplice, charged with burglary and stealing. The pair pleaded not guilty but were convicted and Erle sentenced them to ten years' penal servitude. On 24 June 1859, Erle came back to the Common Pleas as Chief Justice upon the promotion of Sir Alexander Cockburn, at the same time being sworn to the Privy Council.

Erle was regarded as what lawyers call a "strong" judge in that he exhibited the power of rapidly grasping the material facts of a case, and coming to a decided conclusion upon their legal effect. He aimed at strict impartiality, but at the same time he was very tenacious of his own opinion. His chief characteristic was said to be "masculine sense" and his mind "lacking in flexibility and subtlety". His speech was deliberate, "even to monotony", and he had a faint regional accent. He decided a large number of important contract cases but is possibly best remembered for his judgments in the Swinfen will case, in particular Kennedy v. Broun (1863) in which he held that there could be no contract of hiring and service for advocacy in litigation.

He was a member of the Trades Union Commission of 1867, and appended to the report of the commissioners, published in 1868, a memorandum on the law relating to trades unions, which he published separately in the following year. It consists of two chapters treating respectively of the common and the statute law relating to the subject, and an appendix on certain leading cases and statutes. It was a very lucid exposition of the law as it then stood. Erle endorsed the minority report of the commission but it was his liberal view that ultimately influenced parliament and led to the Trade Union Act 1871.

He retired in 1866, receiving the highest praise for the ability and impartiality with which he had discharged the judicial office. On the last occasion of his sitting in court on 26 November the Attorney-General, Sir John Rolt, on behalf of the Bar, expressed his sense of the great qualities of which Erle had given proof during his tenure of office, in terms so eulogistic that the judge, though naturally somewhat reserved and undemonstrative, was visibly moved.

Private life
During the rest of his life Erle resided chiefly at his modest seat, Bramshott, near Liphook, Hampshire, interesting himself in parochial and county affairs. Though no sportsman he was very fond of horses, dogs, and cattle. His personal appearance was that of a country gentleman, his complexion being said to be "remarkably fresh and ruddy, his eyes keen and bright."

In 1851, he erected a Celtic cross on Gibbet Hill, Hindhead on the former site of a public gibbet in order to dispel the fear of the residents. He died at his estate at Bramshott. He left no children.

Honours

 * Doctor of Civil Law, University of Oxford (1857);
 * Fellow of the Royal Society (1860);
 * Honorary Fellow, New College, Oxford.

title: William Erle


text:
Samuel Bell (California politician)

Samuel Bell (fl. 1850s) was an American political figure from Mariposa County, California. He served as a Democrat in the California State Assembly in 1853 and was Controller of California from 1854 to 1856.

title: Samuel Bell (California politician)


text:
List of cultural venues in Cardiff

This is a list of cultural venues in Cardiff, capital city of Wales.

Performing arts
Performing arts venues with seating capacity:
 * City Hall, Cardiff (600)
 * Chapter Arts Centre (180)
 * Llanover Hall Arts Centre (100)
 * New Theatre (Cardiff) (1,144)
 * Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama
 * Dora Stoutzker Hall (400)
 * Richard Burton Theatre (182)
 * Bute Theatre (150-200)
 * Caird Studio (50)
 * Corus Recital Room (50)
 * S4C Studio (50)
 * Sir Geraint Evans Recital Room (60)
 * Weston Gallery (80)
 * Sherman Theatre
 * Main theatre (631)
 * Venue 2 (163)
 * Venue 3
 * St David's Hall
 * Main auditorium (up to 1,956)
 * Level 3 Day Stage (or "Level 3 Bar") (350 including standing)
 * Wales Millennium Centre (Canolfan Mileniwm Cymru)
 * Dance Space (100)
 * Donald Gordon Theatre (1,897)
 * Urdd Hall (153)
 * Weston Studio (250)
 * BBC Hoddinott Hall (350)
 * Roald Dahl Plass (Outdoor Arena)

Entertainment venues

 * Cardiff University Students' Union
 * Mermaid Quay
 * Stadium Plaza
 * Cardiff International Arena
 * Red Dragon Centre
 * The Glee Club

Live music venues

 * Barfly (200) - opened in 2001, closed in September 2010
 * Clwb Ifor Bach
 * Coal Exchange (1,000) - Venue closed in 2007, reopened in 2009 and closed again in 2013 because of safety concerns.
 * Fuel Rock Club, Cardiff- (160) opened 2013
 * The Globe (350) - opened on Albany Road, Roath, in November 2008.
 * Inkspot Venue Cardiff - conference rooms, live music events
 * The Moon Club, Womanby Street
 * The Point (500) - closed in January 2009, following a single complaint from a neighbour about noise.
 * Tiny Rebel, Cardiff- (80-100) opened 2013, function room upstairs is often used for live music
 * Tramshed (1000) - opened in October 2015 in a converted Grade II listed tram depot in Grangetown.
 * Y Plas - in the Cardiff University Students' Union building in Cathays

Gay venues
Cardiff has number of gay venues in the city, particularly in the area around Charles Street and Churchill Way. Gay-friendly venues include:
 * Golden Cross - a pub featuring regular drag acts
 * Kings Cross, The Hayes - gay-friendly pub for over 35 years, converted to a gastropub in 2011

Historic and architectural venues
This is a list of historic and architectural places and their use as a cultural venue:
 * Cardiff Bay and Cardiff Barrage (has hosted open-air concerts)
 * Bute Park (used for open-air concerts and festivals)
 * Cardiff Castle (has hosted open-air concerts, a professional boxing match and small exhibitions)
 * Castell Coch (has hosted a celebrity renewal of wedding vows)

Museums and art galleries

 * National Museum and Gallery, Cathays Park

Museums

 * Museum of Welsh Life, St Fagans
 * Cardiff Story
 * Welsh Regiment Museum

Art galleries

 * Albany Gallery, Roath - established 1965
 * Blackwater Gallery, Prospect Place, Cardiff
 * Butetown History and Arts Centre (closed 2016), Cardiff Bay
 * Oriel Canfas, Canton - run by artists who were formerly based at the Old Library in Cardiff city centre until the late 1990s
 * Cardiff MADE, Roath
 * Gallery Celf, Bangor Street, Roath
 * Norwegian Church Arts Centre, Cardiff Bay
 * G39 - art gallery, opened 1998 in the city centre and relocated to a larger space off City Road, Roath in 2012.
 * tactileBOSCH, Llandaff
 * Third Floor Gallery (2010-2016), Cardiff Bay

Libraries

 * Canton Library
 * Cathays Library
 * Central Library
 * Ely Library
 * Fairwater Library
 * Grangetown Library
 * Llandaff North Library
 * Llanedeyrn Library
 * Llanishen Library
 * Llanrumney Library
 * Penylan Library
 * Radyr Library
 * Roath Library (closed in 2014)
 * Rhiwbina Library
 * Rhydypennau Library
 * Rumney Library
 * Splott Library
 * St Mellons Library
 * Tongwynlais Library
 * Whitchurch Library

title: List of cultural venues in Cardiff


text:
User talk:Fturcott

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Doug Smith
Your article has been nominated for deletion per the guidelines in WP:MUSIC. While articles tend to be deleted consistently per those guidelines, you are welcome to contribute to the discussion and/or demonstrate that the guidelines are in fact met. — Lomn | Talk / RfC 20:31, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fturcott


text:
Outwood, Surrey

Outwood is a village and civil parish in the Tandridge district of the Surrey weald.

Geography
Outwood is separated from Redhill by the M23 which forms the western boundary of the parish.

History
The earliest known reference to Outwood is in 1542; the Court Roll refers to the restrictions concerning the felling of timber in Outwood, mostly in the parish of Burstow. The Victoria County History records Abbot's Hospital, Guildford, still owned land in Outwood in 1911.

The Baptist Chapel, no longer in use, was built in 1834. In 1869, St John the Baptist Church was built in what was the north of Burstow parish. This was followed in 1870 by the creation of the ecclesiastical parish of St John the Baptist, taking in parts of Bletchingley, Burstow, Horley, Horne, and Nutfield.

The local school was opened in 1876 and closed in 1981. The building has since been converted into apartments. In 1887, Outwood Cricket Club was formed, and is still active.

Outwood Parish Council was created in 2000.

Outwood Mill
The village is home to Outwood Mill, a post mill built in 1665, which was once the oldest working post windmill in England. It was damaged in gales in January 2012 and in October 2013. The mill and grounds have been closed to the public ever since, with an application for withdrawal of rights of access applied for. Plans to restore the mill appear to have faltered.

Amenities
In 1939, a village hall was built, called the Lloyd Hall after Theodore LLoyd who donated the land and built the hall. In 2014, the old hall closed for a new hall to be built on the same site. A multi-use games area was established in 2010 when Wells Court was built and opened.

There are three pubs in the village, The Bell, The Castle and the Dog & Duck.

Demography and housing
In 1891 the census recorded 586 residents in Outwood in 140 houses; the populated fluctuated and homes increased over a century. The 2011 census recorded 720 people in 261 households. The average level of accommodation in the region composed of detached houses was 28%, and the average made up of apartments was 22.6%.

The proportion of households in the civil parish who owned their home outright compares to the regional average of 35.1%; the proportion who owned their home with a loan compares to the regional average of 32.5%. The remaining % is made up of rented dwellings (plus a negligible % of households living rent-free).

Walking in Outwood
There are several miles of public, National Trust footpaths and bridleways as well as Outwood Common. The paths cross open common, woodland and fields, which change through the seasons: much of the countryside in and around Outwood is part of the Harewoods estate, which is owned and managed by the National Trust. There are two main car parks, one is opposite the windmill and the other is on the track leading to the cricket pitch on Outwood Common. The National Trust holds guided walks at certain times of the year.

title: Outwood, Surrey


text:
User:Demiane

Demian Entrekin

Founder and CTO of Bluescape (www.bluescape.com) Founder and CTO of Project Arena (http://www.innotas.com) email: dentrekin@innotas.com Additional writings: http://www.innotas.com/reference/whitepapers.htm Blog: http://blogs.ittoolbox.com/pm/ppm

title: User:Demiane


text:
Mamou Region

Mamou Region (𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵𞤲) is located in central Guinea. It is bordered by the country of Sierra Leone and the Guinean regions of Faranah, Labé, and Kindia.

Administrative divisions
Mamou Region is divided into three prefectures; which are further sub-divided into 36 sub-prefectures:

 * Dalaba Prefecture (10 sub-prefectures)
 * Mamou Prefecture (14 sub-prefectures)
 * Pita Prefecture (12 sub-prefectures)

title: Mamou Region


text:
Kindia Region

Kindia Region (𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤑𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤴𞤢𞥄) is a region located in western Guinea. It is bordered by the country of Sierra Leone and the Guinean regions of Conakry, Labé, Mamou, and Boké.

Administrative divisions
Kindia Region is divided into five prefectures; which are further sub-divided into 45 sub-prefectures:

 * Coyah Prefecture (4 sub-prefectures)
 * Dubréka Prefecture (7 sub-prefectures)
 * Forécariah Prefecture (10 sub-prefectures)
 * Kindia Prefecture (10 sub-prefectures)
 * Télimélé Prefecture (14 sub-prefectures)

title: Kindia Region


text:
Jason Marcy

Jason Marcy is a cartoonist living in Hamilton, Ontario who works primarily in the field of autobiographical comics. His series of Jay's Days books recount his days working for a record store chain and later in a pasta shop, and delve into his relationships with his friends, co-workers, and family members.

He began his comics career with a series of mini-comics titles, beginning with Gavin, then Powerwus and Tales from the Petro-Canada Man, the latter of which began his work in autobiographical cartooning.

Inspired by the work of James Kochalka, Marcy keeps a daily cartoon diary that is linked from his website.

title: Jason Marcy


text:
Hartmannellidae

The Hartmannellidae are a family of amoebozoa, usually found in soils. When active they tend to be roughly cylindrical in shape, with a single leading pseudopod and no subpseudopodia. This form somewhat resembles a slug and as such they are also called limax amoebae. Trees based on rRNA show the Hartmannellidae as usually defined are paraphyletic to the Amoebidae, which may adopt similar forms.

title: Hartmannellidae


text:
Altar Stone (Stonehenge)

The Altar Stone is a recumbent central megalith at Stonehenge in England, dating to Stonehenge phase 3i, around 2600 BCE. It is identified as Stone 80 in scholarly articles.

Its name probably comes from a comment by Inigo Jones who wrote:
 * ‘... whether it might be an Altar or no I leave to the judgment of others’.

Composition, origin, and situation
The Altar Stone is made of a purplish-green micaceous sandstone and is thought to have originated from outcrops of the Senni Beds formation of the Old Red Sandstone in Wales, though this has not been fully established.

Stone 55 (a sarsen megalith) lies on top of Stone 80 (Altar Stone) perpendicularly, and is thought to have fallen across it. The Altar Stone weighs approximately six tons and (if it ever was upright) would have stood nearly two metres tall. Some believe that it always was recumbent It is sometimes classed as a bluestone, because it does not have a local provenance.

Stone 80 was most recently excavated in the 1950s, but no written records of the excavation survive, and there are no samples available for examination that are established as having come from the monolith.

title: Altar Stone (Stonehenge)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/May wah

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE.  Rob e  rt  23:38, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

May wah
Delete. Appears to be a nn take out restaurant. .:.Jareth.:. babelfish 20:33, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd like one Delete to go with a side of non-notability.--Isotope23 20:37, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete There are hundreds of them in the town where I live and it only has a population of 150,000. Andrew pmk | Talk 00:54, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/May wah