text:
Talk:Ten Great Campaigns

WP:MilHist Assessment
A nice start, certainly more than a stub. But each individual section is quite short. There are no pictures or infoboxes at all, and no references/external links/see also sections at the end. LordAmeth 10:52, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

One to Ten
The article is called "Ten Great Campaigns". Yet, the mentions did not add up to 10. So, here they are (according to Mark C. Elliott in his book Emperor QianLong, Son of Heaven, Man of the World which is part of the Library of World Biography): 1st JinChuan campaign (1747-49), 1st Dzungar campaign (1755), 2nd Dzungar campaign (1756-57), Kashgar/Khoja campaign (1757-59), Burma campaign (1767-71), 2nd JinChuan campaign (1771-76), Taiwan campaign (1787-88), Vietnam campaign (1786-89), 1st Gurkha campaign (1790), and 2nd Gurkha campaign (1792).--VimalaNowlis (talk) 06:10, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

Only victorious
Not all of these campaigns ended with Manchu victorious, such as Vietnam where the Manchu army was defeated. 207.233.70.79 (talk) 17:24, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

Except Burma and Vietnam?
Just updated the results to "Qing victory except in Burma". Should that be "Qing victory except in Burma and Vietnam"? I know that Qianlong suffered a defeat in Vietnam as well. But I don't know the details to make a conclusive claim. The Burmese definitely did not pay tribute. But did the sino-centric Vietnamese pay tribute afterwards? Or did the Qing simply claim tribute whenever a smaller kingdom sent an embassy? Hybernator (talk) 02:27, 29 December 2010 (UTC)

The Vietnamese did pay tribute afterwards. The Burmese campaign resulted in Siam and Annam paying tribute and eventually the Konbaung Empire of Burma ended up paying tribute. This seems to have been as a result of Burmese political isolation and perhaps little to do with the campaign itself, never the less the Burmese ended up paying tribute to China. After the Nepal campaign Bhutan and Nepal payed tribute. After the three campaigns in East Turkestan the Kyrgyz people and what remained of the Durrani Afghan Empire also began to pay tribute to China. -Cauca50 Cauca50 (talk) 22:57, 23 July 2012 (UTC)

sources for the Qing war with the Dzungghar Khanate
http://books.google.com/books?id=4Zm_Bj6zc7EC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=GXj4a3gss8wC&pg=PA54&#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=AzG5llo3YCMC&pg=PA334#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=MC6sAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA59#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA89#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA92#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA93#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA94#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA95#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DYHfVVAAf_kC&pg=PA36#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://books.google.com/books?id=sTbRAAAAMAAJ&q=ujen+cooha&dq=ujen+cooha&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iIrBVMOIKYOuggTQloP4BQ&ved=0CFcQ6AEwCTgo

Qing proclamation of incorporating the Zunghar's land into China.

http://books.google.com/books?id=6qFH-53_VnEC&pg=PA77#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC&pg=PA503#v=onepage&q&f=false

Chinese resettlement of turkic muslims (taranchi) from the tarim basin into ili

http://books.google.com/books?id=J4L-_cjmSqoC&pg=PA351#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=MC6sAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA77#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA118#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=5p_rjMLgj_8C&pg=PA188#v=onepage&q&f=false

Imin Khwaja (Emin Khoja)

http://books.google.com/books?id=GXj4a3gss8wC&pg=PA54&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShEVUsacAZKe9QS7woD4Bg&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=EtNVMUx9qIIC&pg=PA121&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShEVUsacAZKe9QS7woD4Bg&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=_leHhzKlI7kC&pg=PA221&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShEVUsacAZKe9QS7woD4Bg&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=dk12I01qTPUC&pg=PA211&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShEVUsacAZKe9QS7woD4Bg&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=J4L-_cjmSqoC&pg=PA332&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShEVUsacAZKe9QS7woD4Bg&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=C7n7dOkmOJUC&pg=PA58&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=azUVUuu1NfH64AOG6oCoDQ&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA228&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShEVUsacAZKe9QS7woD4Bg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

page 22

"the 1670s. In 1720 when, the Ch'ing forces finally marched into Turfan, Akhon Emin Khoja submitted to the Ch'ing emperor K'ang-hsi (r. 1662-1722) and brought along the city of Lukchun, one of the major towns of Turfan. Incessantly harassed by Junghars, Emin Khoja was forced to lead more than 8,000 Uighur inhabitants of Lukchun eastward and establish a settlement in"

http://books.google.com/books?id=8O8VAQAAMAAJ&q=emin+khoja&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShEVUsacAZKe9QS7woD4Bg&ved=0CFwQ6AEwCQ

page 181

"From a distance we could see the tall, tapering silhouette of the minaret. Built by the Uighur architect Ibrahim in 1777 in memory of the Muslim ruler Emin Khoja, it struck me as the most beautiful building I had ever seen. There were no tiles, ..."

http://books.google.com/books?id=yjkwAQAAIAAJ&q=emin+khoja&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=azUVUuu1NfH64AOG6oCoDQ&ved=0CFcQ6AEwCTgK

page 141

"Emin Minaret This minaret three kilometres (two miles) east of the city is one of the architectural gems of the Silk Road. Started in 1777 at the behest of the ruler, Emin Khoja, it was completed in 1778 by his son Suleman, for whom it is also ..."

http://books.google.com/books?id=JOlVAAAAYAAJ&q=emin+khoja&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-DUVUtCOLvXI4AP4sYDQCw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwADgU

"Also called the Sugong Tower, it was built by Suleman in 1776 in the memory of Emin Khoja, the prefectural king of Turfan. The pillar with a huge base tapers gradually to the top like a cone. Its surface was decorated with grey sun-dried bricks ..."

http://books.google.com/books?id=XNszAQAAIAAJ&q=emin+khoja&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=azUVUuu1NfH64AOG6oCoDQ&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAjgK

"It has another name " tho Er»irlKh»jaJji§ti^de-debt Paying Tower", for the local ruler, Emin Khoja, was honoured with title of the Zhengguo Duke and Turfan Prince by Emperor Qianlong for his contribution to the victory over rebellions and to ..."

http://books.google.com/books?id=RrQdAQAAMAAJ&q=emin+khoja&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=azUVUuu1NfH64AOG6oCoDQ&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBTgK

In French

http://books.google.com/books?id=_NX3uRdDswAC&pg=PA210&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-DUVUtCOLvXI4AP4sYDQCw&ved=0CGEQ6AEwCDgU#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=sEBIumVU_y8C&pg=PA309&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-DUVUtCOLvXI4AP4sYDQCw&ved=0CFcQ6AEwBzgU#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=hSKPThdI9FYC&pg=PA222&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-DUVUtCOLvXI4AP4sYDQCw&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=AYQM8yb4uRAC&pg=PA494&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-DUVUtCOLvXI4AP4sYDQCw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAzgU#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=Xw8KbNzPw0MC&pg=PA135&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-DUVUtCOLvXI4AP4sYDQCw&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAjgU#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

In Malay

http://books.google.com/books?id=w5te3TAENygC&pg=PA371&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-DUVUtCOLvXI4AP4sYDQCw&ved=0CGkQ6AEwCTgU#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

Primary sources (put into wikisource)

http://books.google.com/books?id=KGlJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA681#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=gAMoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA642#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=h1AKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA642#v=onepage&q&f=false

Dzungaria was absorbed into China
The Qing identified their state as "China" (Zhongguo), and referred to it as "Dulimbai Gurun" in Manchu. The Qing equated the lands of the Qing state (including present day Manchuria, Dzungaria in Xinjiang, Mongolia, and other areas as "China" in both the Chinese and Manchu languages, defining China as a multi ethnic state.

https://webspace.utexas.edu/hl4958/perspectives/Zhao%20-%20reinventing%20china.pdf

When the Qing conquered Dzungaria in the Ten_Great_Campaigns, they proclaimed that their land was absorbed into "China".

http://books.google.com/books?id=6qFH-53_VnEC&pg=PA77&dq=Dulimbai+gurun+land&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jEHtUunnIIvksASBzIEQ&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun%20land&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=6qFH-53_VnEC&pg=PA83&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iT7tUsrhM4bhyQH_04HYBg&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC&pg=PA503&dq=steppes+mountains+rivers+Dzungar+unified+with+china&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5UHtUuvvCcu_sQStu4HYBw&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=steppes%20mountains%20rivers%20Dzungar%20unified%20with%20china&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC&pg=PA503&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_0LtUoGlNMTCywHW0ICAAg&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

In many other Manchu records they refer to their state as China and as Manchus as inhabitants of China, and when they refer to the Qing in conparison with other lands, they use "China"

http://books.google.com/books?id=qlJpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA205&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iT7tUsrhM4bhyQH_04HYBg&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=t2JTJW0X6LkC&pg=PA205&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iT7tUsrhM4bhyQH_04HYBg&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=J4L-_cjmSqoC&pg=PA218&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=90LtUpuHEaSMyAHAl4DoDA&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=zqVug_wN4hEC&pg=PA102&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=m0PtUtv-OIOTyQHX8YCwAQ&ved=0CDAQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=Dw9gYo4Pk0MC&pg=PA211&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iT7tUsrhM4bhyQH_04HYBg&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=LbmP_1KIQ_8C&pg=PA304&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iT7tUsrhM4bhyQH_04HYBg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=TmhtAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA80&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-0PtUoKZEKWgyAH8oIHgBQ&ved=0CF0Q6AEwCTge#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

19:11, 1 February 2014 (UTC)

Jinchuan
Manchu hymn chanted at the occasion of the victory over the Jinchuan Rebels

http://www.manchustudiesgroup.org/2012/12/18/manchu-hymn-chanted-at-the-occasion-of-the-victory-over-the-jinchuan-rebels/

21:52, 21 August 2013 (UTC)

Finances

http://books.google.com/books?id=F3baSe8QlPUC&pg=PA308#v=onepage&q&f=false

Hui Muslim General Xu Shiheng
Xu Shiheng was a Hui Muslim Qing General who was killed in action against the Vietnamese.

許世亨

Page 84

http://books.google.com/books?id=lqtxAAAAMAAJ&q=Xu+Shiheng.+a+general+from+Sichuan+was+sent+to+Tengyue+in+southwestern+Yunnan:+and+Ha+.Guoxing+from+Hebei+was+sent+to+join+two+military+expeditions+to+Burma.+These+Muslim+soldiers+also+settled+in+Yunnan+after+their+military+duty.&dq=Xu+Shiheng.+a+general+from+Sichuan+was+sent+to+Tengyue+in+southwestern+Yunnan:+and+Ha+.Guoxing+from+Hebei+was+sent+to+join+two+military+expeditions+to+Burma.+These+Muslim+soldiers+also+settled+in+Yunnan+after+their+military+duty.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rwQ6U6OyK67QsQSsyIDQCg&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA

Page 84

http://books.google.com/books?id=L9xwAAAAMAAJ&q=Xu+Shiheng.+a+general+from+Sichuan+was+sent+to+Tengyue+in+southwestern+Yunnan:+and+Ha+£uoxing+from+Hebei+was+sent+to+join+two+military+expeditions+to+Burma.+These+Muslim+soldiers+also+settled+In+Yunnan+after+their+military+duty+.%3E-+The+...&dq=Xu+Shiheng.+a+general+from+Sichuan+was+sent+to+Tengyue+in+southwestern+Yunnan:+and+Ha+£uoxing+from+Hebei+was+sent+to+join+two+military+expeditions+to+Burma.+These+Muslim+soldiers+also+settled+In+Yunnan+after+their+military+duty+.%3E-+The+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xAQ6U8_LHoursAT_1YDgCQ&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA

00:18, 1 April 2014 (UTC)

Turfan and Hami Uyghurs supported the Qing against the Dzungars and the Khoja brothers
https://books.google.com/books?id=NKCU3BdeBbEC&pg=PA25

https://books.google.com/books?id=KTmO416hNQ8C&pg=PA15&dq=1754+banners+qianlong&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mNuXVJyDCIP7ggT38IDICg&ved=0CE0Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=1754%20banners%20qianlong&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA100#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA101#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=AzG5llo3YCMC&pg=PA199#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=AzG5llo3YCMC&pg=PA200#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=AzG5llo3YCMC&pg=PA204#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://www.jstor.org/stable/3107653?seq=10

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA49#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA141#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA142#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA144#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA145#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA146#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA147#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA148#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA149#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA150#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA153#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA134#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA135#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA308&dq=Turfan+Khoja+military+contribution+Qing+campaign+Zunghar+Kashgar+Khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ppZqU9v4Ney6yAHa7oCQCQ&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Turfan%20Khoja%20military%20contribution%20Qing%20campaign%20Zunghar%20Kashgar%20Khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=MC6sAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA159#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA301#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA105

https://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA106

https://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA107

http://www.jstor.org/stable/23263579

Chinese articles for conquest of Dzungaria and Altishahr

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/平定準噶爾

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/大小和卓之亂

First Oirat–Manchu War

Primary sources for war against the Khojas

http://books.google.com/books?id=WbhAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA342#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=5hVBAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA322#v=onepage&q&f=false

Rajmaan (talk) 07:58, 8 May 2014 (UTC)

"See also: Stalin's ten blows (1944)"
Why is this considered a related topic? Just because it also includes "ten"? 173.166.156.77 (talk) 19:31, 2 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Yeah that's weird. I'll remove it. Rwenonah (talk) 19:53, 2 October 2015 (UTC)

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Gurkha link
Gurkha links to the rather recent Gurkha soldiers. Kingdom of Nepal might be the correct state that is involved. Maybe someone with more intimate knowledge of regional history can comment on this? --Jadephx (talk) 19:49, 22 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ten Great Campaigns


text:
Lark News

Lark News is as a satire website that lampoons contemporary American Christian culture, specifically evangelicalism. Freelance journalist and author Joel Kilpatrick has run the site and contributed to its content for more than 16 years. In 2005, the website received the Grady Nutt Humor Award from the Gospel Music Association.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lark News


text:
User:HugoCornellier

My name is Hugo and i have a friend called Melody Sanderson, her dad, Richard Sanderson, in france, is a famous signer.

title: User:HugoCornellier


text:
Charlotte Maxeke

Charlotte Makgomo (née Mannya) Maxeke (7 April 1871 – 16 October 1939) was a South African religious leader, social and political activist; she was the first black woman to graduate with a university degree in South Africa with a B.Sc. from Wilberforce University Ohio in 1903, as well as the first black African woman to graduate from an American university.

Early life
Charlotte Makgomo (née Mannya) Maxeke was born in Ga-Ramokgopa, Limpopo on 7 April 1871 and grew up in Fort Beaufort, Eastern Cape. She was the daughter of John Kgope Mannya, the son of headman Modidima Mannya of the Batlokwa people, under Chief Mamafa Ramokgopa and Anna Manci, a Xhosa woman from Fort Beaufort. Mannya's father was a roads foreman and Presbyterian lay preacher, and her mother a teacher. Mannya's grandfather served as a key adviser to the King of the Basothos. Soon after her birth, Mannya's family moved to Fort Beaufort, where her father had gained employment at a road construction company. Details about Mannya's siblings are unclear, however, she had a sister known as Katie, who was born in Fort Beaufort. Mannya's date of birth is in dispute, with possible dates ranging from 1871, 1872 to 1874. The Minister of Home Affairs of South Africa, Naledi Pandor, took special interest in this detail of Charlotte Maxeke's life, however, no records were found. The date in 1871 is also often accepted as it does not conflict with the age of her younger sister Katie who was born in 1873.

At age 8, she began her primary school classes at a missionary school taught by the Reverend Isaac Wauchope in Uitenhage. She excelled in Dutch and English, mathematics and music. She spent long hours tutoring her less skilled classmates, often with great success. Reverend Wauchope credited Mannya with much of his teaching success particularly with regard to languages. Mannya's musical prowess was visible at a young age. Describing Charlotte's singing Rev. Henry Reed Ngcayiya, a minister of the United Church and family friend said: "She had the voice of an angel in heaven."

From Uitenhage, Charlotte moved to Port Elizabeth to study at the Edward Memorial School under Headmaster Paul Xiniwe. Charlotte excelled and completed her secondary school education in record time, achieving the highest possible grades. In 1885, after the discovery of diamonds, Charlotte moved to Kimberley with her family.

Foreign travel
After arriving in Kimberley in 1885, Charlotte began teaching fundamentals of indigenous languages to expatriates, and of basic English to black African work foremen—who, at the time, were known derogatorily as “boss boys." Charlotte and her sister Katie joined the African Jubilee Choir in 1891. Her talent attracted the attention of Mr. K. V. Bam, a local choir master who was organizing an African choir to tour Europe. Charlotte's rousing success after her first solo performance in Kimberley Town Hall immediately resulted in her appointment to the Europe-bound choir operation, which was taken over from Bam by a European. The group left Kimberley in early 1896 and sang to numerous audiences in major cities of Europe. Command royal performances, including one at Queen Victoria's 1897 Jubilee at London's Royal Albert Hall, added to their mounting prestige. According to the African Feminist Forum, the two women were treated like novelties, which made them uncomfortable. At the conclusion of the European tour, the choir toured North America. The choir managed to sell out venues in Canada and the United States.

During the choir's tour of the United States, the group was abandoned by their escort in Cleveland. Bishop Daniel A. Payne, of the African Methodist Church (AME) in Ohio, a former missionary in the Cape, organized the churchgoers to provide for the abandoned troupe's continued stay in America. Although the choir wished to attend Howard University, they were made to settle for a church scholarship to Wilberforce University, the AME Church University in Xenia, Ohio, in US. Mannya accepted the offer. At the university, she was taught under W.E.B Du Bois, a major Pan-Africanist. After obtaining her B.sc degree from the Wilberforce University in 1903, she became the first black South African woman to earn a degree.

It was at Wilberforce that Mannya met her future husband, Dr. Marshall Maxeke, a Xhosa born on 1 November 1874 at Middledrift. The couple lost a child prior to their marriage, and did not have any children thereafter. The couple married in 1903.

Political activism and later life
Charlotte became politically active while in the African Methodist Episcopal Church, in which she played a part in bringing to South Africa. While in the AME Church, Maxeke was heavily involved in teaching and preaching the Gospel and advocating education for Africans of South Africa. The church later elected her president of the Women's Missionary Society.

Shortly after her return to South Africa in 1902, Maxeke began her involvement in anti-colonial politics. She, along with two other individuals from Transvaal, attended an early South African Native National Congress meeting, and was one of the few women present. She was notably the first South African Social worker, appointed as Welfare Officer to the Johannesburg Magisterial Court and involved in juvenile work. Maxeke attended the formal launch of the South African Native National Congress in Bloemfontein in 1912. Maxeke also became active in movements against pass laws through her political activities. During the Bloemfontein anti-pass campaign, Maxeke served as an impetus towards eventual protest by organizing women against the pass laws.

Many of Maxeke's concerns were related to social issues as well as ones that concerned the Church. In Umteteli wa Bantu, a multilingual weekly Johannesburg newspaper, Charlotte wrote in in Xhosa about women's issues.

In 1918, Maxeke founded the Bantu Women's League (BWL) which later became part of the African National Congress Women's League. This decision stemmed from her involvement in anti-pass law demonstrations. The BWL under Maxeke was a grassroots movement that served as a vehicle for taking up grievances from a largely poor and rural base. Maxeke's BWL also demanded better working conditions for women farm workers. However, the white authorities largely ignored such issues. Furthermore, Maxeke led a delegation to see Louis Botha, who was then South African Prime Minister, to discuss the issue of passes for women. These discussions led to counter-protest the following year, which was '’against'' passes for women. Maxeke and an army of 700 women then marched to the Bloemfontein City Council, where they burned their passes. She addressed an organisation for the voting rights of women -- the Women's Reform Club in Pretoria, and also joined the Council of Europeans and Bantus[clarify]. Maxeke was elected as the president of the Women's missionary society. Maxeke participated with protests related to low wages at Witwatersrand and eventually joined the Industrial and Commercial Workers Union in 1920. Maxeke’s leadership skills prompted the South African Ministry of Education to call her to call her to testify before several government commissions in Johannesburg on matters concerning African education. This was a first for any African of any gender. She continued to be involved in many multiracial groups fighting against the Apartheid System and for women's rights.

Maxeke's husband, Marshall Maxeke, passed away in 1928. The same year Maxeke set up an employment agency for Africans in Johannesburg and also would begin service as a juvenile parole officer. Maxeke remained somewhat active in South African politics until her death, serving as a leader of the ANC in the 1930s. Maxeke was also instrumental in the foundation of the National Council of African Women, which served as a way of protecting the welfare of Africans inside South Africa. Maxeke died in 1939 in Johannesburg, at the age of 68.

Legacy
Maxeke is often honoured as the "Mother of Black Freedom in South Africa." A statue of her stands in Pretoria's Garden of Remembrance.

Many organizations in South Africa bear Maxeke's name. Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, formerly the Johannesburg General Hospital, is located in the suburb of Parktown. There is an ANC nursery school named after Charlotte Maxeke. At an event in 2015 dedicated to International Women's Day at Kliptown's Walter Sisulu Square, the Gauteng Infrastructure Development MEC planned to convert Maxeke's home into a museum and interpretation centre. The three Heroine-class submarines in service with the South African Navy were each named after powerful South African women: S101 is named SAS Manthatisi, after a chief of the Tlôkwa people, S102 is SAS Charlotte Maxeke, and S103 is SAS Queen Modjadji, named for the Rain Queen of the Lobedu people.

The ANC also hosts an annual Charlotte Maxeke Memorial Lecture. Beatrice Street in Durban was changed to Charlotte Maxeke Street in her honor.As the woman who contributed and brought African Methodist Episcopal Church(AME) to South Africa and was elected as the president, her legacy right now in South Africa is the league for women namely 'Charlotte Maxeke ladies fellowship'. Maitland Street in Bloemfontein was renamed Charlotte Maxeke Street in honour of her contribution to South Africa.

title: Charlotte Maxeke


text:
Talk:Chincha Islands War

Objectives of the war
That "Scientific Expedition" was not a "try to recover their lost posesions". Spain had recognized Chilean independence years before that. And how they were going to reconquist Peru & Chile with a fleet? Climbing their ships inside land? This article is quite NNPOV --80.103.138.14 02:42, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Nobody disagrees with your facts. The article clearly states that the point of the expedition was "to try to reasert Spain's influence" in the area not to try to recapture its former colonies. Also, it's true that Spain had recognized Chilean independence in 1842, but it had never recognized Peru's independence, and this was one of the points of contention that gave rise to the diplomatic incident: sending a Royal Commisary (as for a colony) instead of a diplomatic representative, because Spain wanted to avoid an "implicit" recognition of Peruvian independence. Mel Romero 11:42, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Conclusion of article
The end of this article is inconclusive in regard to the resolution of the war. --Cjs56 17:15, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

 * You are right. The conclusion has never been written. You are welcome to try your hand at it if you have the time. The negotiations between Spain and Chile ended in 1882, and with Peru much later, but I don't have the full information yet. Mel Romero 11:45, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Spain fourth naval power?
in the 1860's, Spain was the 3RD naval power , only years later , would USA take its place and become 3rd and Spain subsquently take 4th, so can i change it?--EuroHistoryTeacher (talk) 03:22, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

Revolving Cannon
In the order of battle section the term "revolving cannon" is confusing. The use of "revolving" appears in the 1880s for certain types of small caliber, rapid fire guns carried largely for anti-torpedo boat defense. In English I believe the more correct term would be "pivot gun" as that was univerally used in the period to describe large caliber guns that could be pivoted on a single mounting to fire either to port and starboard or over a wider arc as a chase or stern gun. --Walterggreen3 (talk) 14:26, 5 December 2008 (UTC)

Map
One user has removed this map several times due to some aledged innaccuracies in the Ecuador-Peru border. Any way, this innacuracies are relatively small and are not the focus of what is eíntered to be shown with the map. The map was made to show the locations of battles in the Chincha Islands War not to give the Peruvian version (or the Ecuadorian) of the Peru-Ecuador border. In fact Ecuador is almost irrelevant as it the country did never engage in actions against Spain. Dentren |  Ta lk  20:21, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm the editor who remove the map in this article, and the errors are not irrelevant, the map must be accurated in all its components to be useful as a source of information in Wikipedia. And is not the "Peruvian version" of the boundaries between Peru and Ecuador, it is the only and correct version. At least you can show any source to sustain than this map is correct in all its contain. Please correct the inaccuracies and just then insert the map in the article again. Greetings--Cloudaoc (talk) 20:35, 17 September 2009 (UTC)

Dentren, again: Please fix the map, the information showed is incorrect, that areas was not in dispute in that time, they always were Peruvian territory, the map must be accurated to be useful here in Wikipedia. Greetings.Cloudaoc (talk) 15:43, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Look at left. The map have been updated to include the important region of tumbes as under Peruvian control. I dont see any reason to not have it the article now. Dentren |  Ta lk  01:00, 22 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Dentren, Jaen and Maynas are still painted in two colors, and they are also Peruvian... Look, I'll remove again the map, because is STILL incorrect, in fact, the northeast section of the map is geographically incorrect, because its like today, not like 1866. Sorry, you must be accurated, please correct the errors and just then insert the map again. Greetings.
 * Hello mr. constructive maybe you want to do a Peruvian a map?

Numbers
Strength of beligerents? Men, ships, artillery? Casualties? If anyone knows or has access to this information, I think it would be very benificial to the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.245.91.170 (talk) 03:43, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

Name of the article
The current name of the article (Chincha Islands War) is misleading and absolutely uncommon. In Chile and in Perú it is called "Guerra contra España" ("War against Spain"), and in Spain they call it "Guerra del Pacífico" ("War of the Pacific"). I understand none of those names seems available, unless the years are added between parenthesis. But "Chincha Islands War" is completely misleading, because it refers to one stage of the war as if it were the whole thing. Chapters of this story were written in Valparaiso, and the coasts of Peru. In German and in Spanish they have solved the issue by calling it "Hispanic-South American War", and using the other names in the first paragraph of the article.

--Universal001 (talk) 18:53, 13 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the suggest Universal. The first time I read this article, I was also surprised by the name. I arrived at this article through the Battle of Callao (combate del dos de mayo) article. However, the name "Chincha Islands War" is standard in English history to depict this war between Peru, Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador and Spain.
 * Per the policy of WP:COMMONNAME, we have to abide by the common name used in English history.
 * I hope this sufficiently addresses your concern.
 * Best regards.-- MarshalN20 | T al k 19:42, 13 April 2013 (UTC)
 * The conflict is denoted by various names in English references, and it is wrong to claim that a "common" name exists. It is often not even designated as a "war", much less given a name. In documents from that time onward, it was called the "Hispano-Peruvian matter", "Spanish intervention" or "Spanish-Chilean conflict". These incidents of Spanish intervention are "sometimes referred to as the First War of the Pacific, although it has no commonly accepted name" (see, F. Taylor Peck in Latin American Diplomatic History: An Introduction, 1977, p. 121). Several historians simply view it as a lead-up to the larger Second "War of the Pacific" of 1879–1883. • Astynax talk 19:44, 19 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much for the information, Astynax. It would be a great addition for an "etymology" section for this article.-- MarshalN20 | T al k 23:24, 19 April 2013 (UTC)

Images
An interesting question to respond about this article is why the images are located in places outside the area they should be at. For example, the Chincha Islands guano image and the occupation image are all way below the sections they should be located at. Any ideas?-- MarshalN20 | T al k 20:18, 21 April 2013 (UTC)

Loa built 1854 or 1864?
"Ironclad monitors - Loa – Built 1854" The first Monitor was built in 1861. Maybe the Loa was built in 1864?--TDKehoe (talk) 15:32, 15 September 2013 (UTC)
 * It was a conversion, using the hull of an existing ship. The conversion was ordered in 1864. I'll clarify. • Astynax talk 18:15, 15 September 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Talambó or Talambo?
In spanish Wikipedia es:Incidente de Talambo it is “Talambo”. — Wassermaus (talk) 12:04, 18 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chincha Islands War


text:
Talk:John Corbett

December Christmas
I just saw a made for TV movie (Hallmark Hall of Fame) that he was in. This is not mentioned on his list of movies and I do not know any details about the movie. Just wanted to let his fans know.

“NOVEMBER CHRISTMAS,” A NEW “HALLMARK HALL OF FAME” PRESENTATION STARRING SAM ELLIOTT, JOHN CORBETT,

KAREN ALLEN, SARAH PAULSON AND EMILY ALYN LIND,

HAS STARTED PRODUCTION IN HALIFAX, CANADA

FOR BROADCAST SUNDAY, NOV. 28 ON THE CBS TELEVISION NETWORK

NOVEMBER CHRISTMAS, a new “Hallmark Hall of Fame” presentation starring Emmy Award nominee Sam Elliott (“Buffalo Girls”), Emmy award and Golden Globe award nominee John Corbett (“My Big Fat Greek Wedding,” “Sex and the City”), Karen Allen (“Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull,” “Raiders of the Lost Ark”), Golden Globe award nominee Sarah Paulson (“Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip,” “Deadwood”) and Emily Alyn Lind (“The Secret Life of Bees,” “All My Children”) has started production in Halifax, Canada for broadcast Sunday, Nov. 28 (9:00-11:00 PM, ET/PT) on the CBS Television Network.

http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/07/26/november-christmas-a-new-hallmark-hall-of-fame-movie-starring-same-elliott-premieres-sunday-november-28/58204

john corbett voice
is he doing the voice on the applebees commercials —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.4.120.111 (talk) 17:28, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

I have suspect for years that he does voiceovers for a lot of things. I hear his distinctive voice all the time for this or that. Its nice to confirm that I was correct. --68.118.188.188 (talk) 22:42, 10 January 2015 (UTC)

WP:FORUM violation

Move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Move. Cúchullain t/ c 20:41, 5 June 2014 (UTC)

– The page view numbers say it all:
 * John Corbett (actor) → John Corbett
 * John Corbett → John Corbett (disambiguation)

 * Actor: 32,658
 * Industrialist: 200
 * Cricketer: 48
 * Writer: 236
 * Royal Navy officer: 29
 * Chemist: 41

The other names on the dab page do not exactly match "John Corbett".

With these page view statistics in mind, I think it's clear that the actor is by far the most popular search for "John Corbett" on Wikipedia. He is a pretty clear-cut WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 20:36, 23 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Question: What about non-exact string matches and long-term significance? WP:DAB is about candidate topics, not exact string matches for article title names, and the presence of an additional name or middle initial in a page name doesn't mean the person isn't known as "John Corbett". Long-term significance should also cause some topics to carry more weight than their page view statistics would seem to indicate. —BarrelProof (talk) 22:42, 23 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Also, I've become even more suspicious of page view statistics after learning that views through redirects are not counted. —BarrelProof (talk) 00:57, 24 May 2014 (UTC)
 * How would counting redirect views change the equation here? Dohn joe (talk) 01:45, 24 May 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't know; I haven't checked. As far as I know, no one else has either. —BarrelProof (talk) 03:00, 24 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Tend to oppose Those are small numbers for a TV actor. fails the "John Corbett is" test "John Corbett was" test. Not saying anyone else comes close, but it's a common name. In ictu oculi (talk) 23:49, 23 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Support. Seems to be the clear WP:PRIMARYTOPIC - by a landslide. That includes adding in the fewer than 450 pageviews over the past month of the other three "John Corbetts" and the album on the dab page. Dohn joe (talk) 01:54, 24 May 2014 (UTC)
 * I think, when we have no other conclusive evidence, we should go with pageviews, especially with such a disparity as this. We're doing our readers a disservice otherwise. Support Red Slash 21:09, 31 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Oppose. No primary topic here. Just recentism. -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:53, 4 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Support. Obviously meets the usage criterion at WP:PRIMARYTOPIC, so the question is do any of the other John Corbetts have "substantially greater enduring notability and educational value"? Having looked through the article my answer is no and I'd also add neither have the opposers have made a case for the long term significance of one or more John Corbetts either. Jenks24 (talk) 15:57, 4 June 2014 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

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User talk:Lejeunerandy

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Fair use rationale for Image:CompTIA.Linux.Plus.Logo.png
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title: User talk:Lejeunerandy


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Talk:Canadian Prairies

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
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wrong map
The article currently has a political map of the three prairie provinces. But this article is on the geological area, not the political area. And the map should reflect that. -- Geo Swan 23:21, 13 December 2005 (UTC)
 * True, this needs some careful disambiguation. Kevlar67 03:42, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

Geological history
I think adding the geological history of the plains would be beneficial. I don't know it at all, just thought it would add something to the article that most other canadian geographical areas' articles have. Cheers. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.238.92.179 (talk) 03:39, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

History section
I'm going to start a history section here to combine some of the duplication that has shown up on History of Alberta, History of Saskatchewan, and History of Manitoba. I want to cover everything that happened before those provinces cam into being (in a general sense) and leave the specifics up to those individial artcles, as well as Rupert's Land, North-Western Territory, and History of Northwest Territories. Hopefully we will cover the topic well enough that it can eventually be split off into its own article called History of the Canadian Northwest or something similar. Kevlar67 (talk) 23:15, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Photo please
As a European, I am unfamiliar with what a Canadian Prairie looks like. This article would benefit greatly from a photo of a prairie that typifies the subject please, if such a thing is possible. Thanks. Andrew Oakley (talk) 15:08, 5 November 2008 (UTC)
 * "think flat" e.g. Ukraine, Byelorussia, though the land allotments look different; there are various public domain aerial shots out there, I'll see what I can dig up.Skookum1 (talk) 18:22, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

Farming
"The region known as Palliser's Triangle, also classified as the Prairies ecozone, is so arid that farming has never been successful there without government help and irrigation."

What's all this about? No Citation either. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.161.213.7 (talk) 07:46, 1 February 2010 (UTC)

Adding Wpg & s'toon skylines to population chart
The census metropolitan areas in the Canadian Prairies chart has a picture of both Edmonton & Calgary but not of Winnipeg nor Saskatoon. I have added Winnipeg and Saskatoon skyline pictures but they should probably be in the chart as Edmonton and Calgary already are. I don't know how to so if someone who knows how to add them then that would be great.

--74.216.19.16 (talk) 20:46, 14 May 2013 (UTC)

 * The template also does not have a photo of Regina yet one of Regina was not added. Notwithstanding, looking at the template, it doesn't appear there is much room to add more photos beyond the existing two. I also notice this article is the only location in which this template is in use. Makes me think that a table embedded within the article would better than having a separate template for use only on this article. I'm going to experiment with the template for now by removing the Calgary and Edmonton photos. Afterwards, I may create a table within this article to replace the template and then nominate the template for deletion. Hwy43 (talk) 04:33, 15 May 2013 (UTC)

Growing Season
Added Grand Prairie for data about the Peace River Country and, have added the average Growing season from 1981-2010 Canadian Climate Normals.To easily access them View Data Graph>Display all data. Kyle  1278  01:05, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

British Columbia
Unless there is a source that can be added with regard to prairie in British Columbia I will remove this from the lead as it is misrepresenting boreal plains as a prairie biome. I could be wrong but unless a source is added I do not believe the statement to be true. Krazytea ( talk ) 05:46, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Don't quite understand the issue. A quick gander using Google Earth reveals that the prairie landscape in northwest Alberta's Peace Country doesn't end at the provincial border. It extends into northeast British Columbia from south of Dawson Creek to north of Fort St. John with farmland reaching west to the vicinities of Chetwynd and Hudson's Hope. It should be easy to find a source that acknowledges these realities.

 * This map shows how the Prairie Region extends into northeast BC generally covering the area I just described above. From a slightly different perspective there is what is called the Central Plains ecozone.

 * So what I am seeing, from the natural definition perspective, is the Canadian Prairies generally comprises the boreal plains in addition to the parkland prairies and grassland prairies. Hwy43 (talk) 07:08, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

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Capitalization of "prairie provinces"?
This article in some places writes "prairie provinces" with lower-case initials and in some others, "Prairie Provinces" with capitals. Shouldn't something be decided? 2601:449:8302:1080:0:0:0:AB7C (talk) 21:34, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Canadian Prairies


text:
Category:Progressive Conservative Party of Canada

__NOGALLERY__


text:
User talk:HugoCornellier

Hi, my name is Hugo Cornellier and i don't know what to right.

title: User talk:HugoCornellier


text: Category:Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs


text:
Ahn Ji-hwan

Ahn Ji-hwan (안지환; born July 24, 1969) is a South Korean voice actor, actor and television and radio presenter who joined Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation's Voice Acting Division in 1993 and debuted with his role as Prince Dandarn (known as Prince Omar in South Korea) on the Korean dub of Time Travel Tondekeman.

Since the early 2000s, Ahn has narrated several entertaining shows at Seoul Broadcasting System, including Animal Farm, The Music Trend, and Star King. In June 2012, he made his stage debut, performing the part of Edna Turnblad in a South Korean musical Hairspray based on a 1988 film under the same title.

Ahn has become famous for his cover of Johnny Depp on the Korean dub of Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, for his role as Det. Danny Messer on the Korean dub of CSI: NY, and for his narration of The Knee-Drop Guru on the South Korean talk show Golden Fishery.

TV animation dubbing

 * Bomberman B-Daman Bakugaiden V (빅토리 구슬동자, SBS)
 * Black Bomber (later)
 * Fantomcat (무적 고양이 팬텀, MBC)
 * Fantomcat
 * Flower Witch Mary Bell (꽃의 천사 메리벨, MBC)
 * Takuro
 * Future GPX Cyber Formula (신세기 사이버 포뮬러, SBS)
 * Bleed Kaga
 * Galaxy Express 999 (은하철도 999, MBC)
 * Count Mecha
 * Hamtaro (방가방가 햄토리, SBS)
 * Dexter (An-gyeong on the Korean TV edition)
 * Iron Man #28 FX (철인 28호 FX, MBC)
 * Franken
 * Miracle Girls (요술소녀, MBC)
 * Chris Kubrick (Woo Jeong-soo on the Korean TV edition)
 * Olympus Guardian (그리스 로마 신화: 올림포스 가디언, SBS)
 * Hercules
 * The Prince of Tennis (테니스의 왕자, SBS)
 * Kunimitsu Tezuka (Dok-go Si-hyeong on the Korean TV edition)
 * Red Baron (레드 바론, MBC)
 * Kômei Ryû (Je-gal Ryang on the Korean TV edition)
 * Narrator
 * Rolling Stars (롤링 스타즈, KBS)
 * Narrator
 * Slam Dunk (슬램덩크, SBS)
 * Akira Sendoh (Yoon Dae-hyeop on the Korean TV edition)
 * Kiminobu Kogure (Kwon Jun-ho on the Korean TV edition)
 * Narrator
 * Time Travel Tondekeman (시간 탐험대, MBC)
 * Prince Dandarn (Prince Omar on the Korean TV edition)

A

 * All the Pretty Horses (올 더 프리티 호스, MBC)
 * Matt Damon as John Grady Cole
 * Armageddon (아마겟돈, SBS)
 * Ben Affleck as A. J. Frost

B

 * Bad Boys II (나쁜 녀석들 2, MBC)
 * Martin Lawrence as Detective Marcus Burnett
 * Big Daddy (빅 대디, MBC)
 * Adam Sandler as Sonny Koufax

C

 * A Chinese Ghost Story (천녀유혼, MBC)
 * Leslie Cheung as Ning Choi-san
 * A Chinese Ghost Story II (천녀유혼 2, MBC)
 * Leslie Cheung as Ning Choi-san
 * Click (클릭, MBC)
 * Adam Sandler as Michael Newman
 * Cold Mountain (콜드 마운틴, MBC)
 * Jude Law as W.P. Inman
 * Con Air (콘 에어, MBC)
 * John Cusack as US Marshal Vince Larkin
 * Contact (컨택트, SBS)
 * Matthew McConaughey as Palmer Joss

D

 * Double Team (더블 팀, MBC)
 * Jean-Claude Van Damme as Jack Paul Quinn

E

 * Enemy at the Gates (에너미 앳 더 게이트, MBC)
 * Jude Law as Vasily Zaitsev

H

 * Heat (히트, MBC)
 * Val Kilmer as Chris Shiherlis
 * Hero (영웅, MBC)
 * Jet Li as Nameless
 * House of Flying Daggers (연인, MBC)
 * Andy Lau as Liu

I

 * Inner Senses (이도공간, SBS)
 * Leslie Cheung as Jim Law
 * The Italian Job (이탈리안 잡, MBC)
 * Edward Norton as Steve

L

 * The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (반지의 제왕: 반지 원정대, SBS)
 * Viggo Mortensen as Aragorn

M

 * Meltdown (이연걸의 탈출, MBC)
 * Jet Li as Kit Li
 * Mission: Impossible 2 (미션 임파서블 2, MBC)
 * Tom Cruise as Ethan Hunt

N

 * Nick of Time (닉 오브 타임, MBC)
 * Johnny Depp as Gene Watson

P

 * Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (캐리비안의 해적: 블랙 펄의 저주, MBC)
 * Johnny Depp as Jack Sparrow

R

 * Red Cliff (적벽대전, MBC)
 * Tony Leung as Zhou Yu
 * Rogue Trader (겜블, MBC)
 * Ewan McGregor as Nick Leeson
 * The Rundown (웰컴 투 더 정글, MBC)
 * Dwayne Johnson as Beck

S

 * Samurai Fiction (사무라이 픽션, MBC)
 * Tomoyasu Hotei as Rannosuke Kazamatsuri
 * Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow (월드 오브 투모로우, MBC)
 * Jude Law as Sky Captain
 * Snatch (스내치, MBC)
 * Brad Pitt as Mickey O'Neil
 * Star Wars (스타 워즈, MBC)
 * Ewan McGregor as Obi-Wan Kenobi
 * Mark Hamill as Luke Skywalker

T

 * The Thomas Crown Affair (토마스 크라운 어페어, MBC)
 * Pierce Brosnan as Thomas Crown
 * Top Gun (탑 건, SBS)
 * Tom Cruise as LT Pete "Maverick" Mitchell

V

 * Vanilla Sky (바닐라 스카이, MBC)
 * Tom Cruise as David Aames

Y

 * You Don't Mess with the Zohan (조한, MBC)
 * Adam Sandler as Zohan Dvir/Scrappy Coco

Foreign TV show dubbing

 * 24 (24, MBC)
 * Kiefer Sutherland as Jack Bauer
 * Band of Brothers (밴드 오브 브라더스, MBC)
 * Matthew Settle as Ronald Speirs
 * Buffy the Vampire Slayer (버피와 뱀파이어, MBC)
 * Nicholas Brendon as Xander Harris
 * The Client (존 그리셤의 의뢰인, MBC)
 * David Barry Gray as Clint McGuire
 * CSI: NY (CSI NY, MBC)
 * Carmine Giovinazzo as Det. Danny Messer
 * The Fugitive (도망자, MBC)
 * Tim Daly as Richard Kimble
 * Heroes (히어로즈, SBS)
 * Adrian Pasdar as Nathan Petrelli
 * Ripley's Believe It or Not! (리플리의 믿거나 말거나, MBC)
 * Dean Cain as Himself
 * Smallville (스몰빌, MBC)
 * Michael Rosenbaum as Lex Luthor

Narrations

 * 5th Republic (제5공화국, MBC)
 * Animal Farm (TV 동물농장, SBS)
 * Crisis Escape No. 1 (위기탈출 넘버원, KBS)
 * Global Report (지구촌 리포트, MBC)
 * Golden Fishery (황금어장, MBC)
 * Narrator of the segment "The Knee-Drop Guru (무릎팍 도사)"
 * January 3, 2007 - October 12, 2011 (aired Wednesdays, first run until the segment ended due to the temporary retirement of Kang Ho-dong)
 * November 29, 2012 - August 22, 2013 (aired Thursdays, second run after the segment was revamped as an independent show)
 * Live Show: Friday Wide (생방송 금요와이드, MBC)
 * Narrator of the segment "Appetizing Trips with Sayuri Fujita (사유리의 식탐여행)"
 * Martian Virus (화성인 바이러스, tvN)
 * MBC News Desk (MBC 뉴스데스크, MBC)
 * News presenter
 * Inkigayo (SBS 인기가요, previously SBS Popular Song, SBS)
 * Stage presenter
 * Our Sunday Night (일요일 일요일 밤에, previously Sunday Sunday Night, MBC)
 * Narrator of the segment "Love House"
 * Section TV Entertainment Telecommunications (섹션 TV 연예통신, MBC)
 * News presenter
 * Star King (놀라운 대회! 스타킹, SBS)

title: Ahn Ji-hwan


text:
Hempfield Area School District

Hempfield Area School District is a large school district in western Pennsylvania. It is the largest in Westmoreland County with a resident population of over 50,000 and covers approximately 95 sqmi and lies 25 mi southeast of Pittsburgh. The school district was formed in a merger of The School District of Hempfield Township, Adamsburg School District, Hunker School District, Manor School District and Youngwood School District on July 3, 1961. The school district population comes from Hempfield Township and the boroughs of Adamsburg, Hunker, Manor, New Stanton, and Youngwood. It completely surrounds the city of Greensburg. The community is a mix of Pittsburgh suburbia and rural areas. The school system includes five elementary buildings, three middle schools, a high school, an alternative education school and an after-school alternative education program. The Central Westmoreland Career and Technology Center serves Hempfield students in the high school. Hempfield Area School District is made up of approximately 6,600 students in grades K-12, is served by a professional staff of 445, and an administrative staff of 20.

Elementary schools
Fort Allen Elementary School was opened in 1952 and completely renovated in 2000–2001. It is located in central Hempfield Township, Pennsylvania. Upgraded school facilities include an enlarged library with internet access and computerized library catalogue, a 32-station computer lab, full size gym with a stage, well equipped art and music rooms, remolded cafeteria, a nurse's suite, conference room, and modern office space as well as 28 full size classrooms and a number of smaller rooms for specialized instruction. The building has complete climate control. Outside is a large playground.

Maxwell Elementary School is nestled on 10 acre in Greensburg, Pennsylvania. It was opened in 1952 and was renovated in 2000. Maxwell serves approximately 455 students in kindergarten through fifth grade.

Stanwood Elementary School is located 8 mi southwest of Greensburg, Pennsylvania and 5 mi due south of Hempfield High School in New Stanton Borough. The school was originally opened in 1970 as a junior high school. Due to declining enrollment, Hempfield did not have a need for four junior high schools. In 1984, New Stanton Elementary and Youngwood Elementary were closed and Stanwood was turned into an elementary school. Stanwood serves approximately 628 students in grades Kindergarten through fifth. The school's cadre of teachers and support staff numbers approximately 60. The school was completely renovated in 2009–2010.

West Hempfield Elementary School is located in Irwin, Pennsylvania. West Hempfield Elementary School was opened in 1962 and completely renovated in 2002–2003. This school serves approximately 615 students in grades Kindergarten through fifth.

West Point Elementary School is located off of Route 130 in eastern Hempfield Township, Pennsylvania. West Point Elementary School, which was opened in 1964 and renovated in 2001. West Point serves approximately 250 students from eastern Hempfield Township in grades Kindergarten through fifth. Starting in the 2007–08 school year, students that attended East Hempfield Elementary will now attend here.

Middle schools
Harrold Middle School is located directly across from the Hempfield Area High School in the central part of Hempfield Township, Pennsylvania. It is the largest of the three Hempfield Area Middle Schools. It is also the oldest school in the district. It was opened in 1929 and has been renovated extensively in 1985 and in 2000. As of the 2023-2024 school year it is used to house the 9th graders as the Hempfield Area High School gets renovated.

Wendover Middle School is located in the eastern part of Hempfield Township, Pennsylvania. The school was opened in 1970 and was extensively renovated in 2012. Students participate in a variety of district, regional, state, and national academic and athletic competitions. The students win numerous awards and championships annually.

West Hempfield Middle School is located in Irwin, Pennsylvania. It was opened in 1964 and was completely renovated and updated for the start of the 2003–2004 school year. Students participate in a variety of district, regional, state, and national academic and athletic competitions. The students win numerous awards and championships annually. West Hempfield Middle serves students in the western and now southern part of Hempfield Township.

High school

 * Hempfield Area High School

Vocational technical services
HAHS uses the services of Central Westmoreland Career and Technology Center in New Stanton for the students there who wish to choose a vocational or technical program.

Former schools
East Hempfield Elementary School (1958–2007) was a primary school located in eastern Hempfield Township, Pennsylvania. Originally, East Hempfield served approximately 200 students in grades 1–6. Later, it served students in K-2. After students finished second grade, they would attend West Point Elementary School. The school was built in 1958.
 * Bovard Elementary School (1)
 * Bovard Elementary School (2) (1975–2013), located in the northeastern section of Hempfield Township, Pennsylvania, serves approximately 240 students in grades Kindergarten through fifth; the school was opened in 1975, making it the last school built in the district.
 * St. Clair Elementary School (1)
 * St. Clair Elementary School (2) (1954–1990)
 * Youngwood Elementary School (-1983)
 * Youngwood Junior High School
 * New Stanton Elementary School (-1983)
 * Thomas Elementary School (-1983)
 * Manor Elementary School (1901–1990)
 * Manor Junior High School
 * Lincoln Heights Elementary School (-1982)
 * Luxor Elementary School
 * Mt. Odin Elementary School
 * Todd Elementary School
 * Diamond Elementary School
 * Pleasant Valley Elementary School
 * Brush Creek Elementary School
 * Grapeville Elementary School
 * Washington Elementary School
 * Hannastown Elementary School
 * Liberty Elementary School
 * Kamerer Elementary School
 * Weavers Old Stand Elementary School
 * Kennedy Elementary School
 * Armburst Elementary School
 * Hillview Elementary School
 * Blank Elementary School
 * High Park Elementary School
 * Oak Grove Elementary School
 * Swede Hill Elementary School
 * Stanton Elementary School
 * Wendel Elementary School
 * Paintersville Elementary School
 * Hunker Elementary School
 * Harrold #8 (1881–1928), restored and now used by the district as an educational tool

Former superintendents

 * Barbara Marin (2014–2017)
 * Andy Leopold (2011–2014)
 * Terry Foriska (2007–2011)
 * Wayne Doyle (2000–2007)
 * Erv Weischedel (1999–2000)
 * Barbara Ferrier (1998–1999) (Acting)
 * Cheryl Troglio (1997–1998) (Acting)
 * C. Richard Nichols (1991–1997)
 * Silvio Mincucci (1991) (Acting)
 * Margaret Smith (1986–1991)
 * William Roscher (1986) (Acting)
 * Elliott LeFavier (1983–1986)
 * Kenneth Ruoff (1969–1982)
 * Theo Fullerton (1952–1969)

Extracurriculars
The district offers a variety of clubs, activities and sports.

Athletics

 * Hempfield Area Spartans Baseball
 * Hempfield Area Spartans Basketball – 6–16
 * Hempfield Area Spartans Bowling
 * Hempfield Area Spartans Cross Country
 * Hempfield Area Spartans Field Hockey
 * Hempfield Area Spartans Football – 1–8
 * Hempfield Area Spartans Golf
 * Hempfield Area Spartans Rifle
 * Hempfield Area Spartans Soccer
 * Hempfield Area Spartans Softball
 * Hempfield Area Spartans Swimming
 * Hempfield Area Spartans Tennis –
 * Section champions 2003, 2004, 2005, 2010, 2011;
 * Hempfield Area Spartans Track and Field
 * Hempfield Area Spartans Volleyball – Logan Karanovich (captain)
 * Hempfield Area Spartans Wrestling
 * Hempfield Area Spartans Competitive Majorettes and Color Guard
 * Hempfield Area Spartans Competitive Cheer

title: Hempfield Area School District


text:
John Goto

John Glithero (11 February 1949 – 2 August 2023), better known as John Goto, was a British photographic artist. His work addresses a range of historical, cultural and socio-political subject areas, often using a satirical approach.

Biography
John Glithero was born in Stockport on 11 February 1949. As an artist, he adopted the name John Goto. His first one-man exhibition, Goto, Photographs 1971-81, was held at The Photographer's Gallery in London in 1981. Other solo shows include Terezin, at the Raab Gallery, Berlin, in 1988; The Scar, Manchester City Museum and Art Gallery, 1993; The Commissar of Space, Modern Art, Oxford, 1998; Loss of Face, Tate Britain, London, 2002; High Summer, The British Academy, London, 2005; and Dreams of Jelly Roll, Freud Museum, London, 2012.

Goto was Artist-in-Residence at Kettle's Yard, University of Cambridge, 1988-9.

Goto's books include Ukadia, published to coincide with a solo exhibition at Djanogly Art Gallery, Nottingham, 2003, and Lovers’ Rock, which is a series of portraits made in 1977 by Goto of young British Afro-Caribbeans.

In 2007, the Telegraph listed Goto as one of the top 100 living geniuses.

Goto died on 2 August 2023, at the age of 74.

title: John Goto


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Match Game 73 82 PICS

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 22:11, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Match Game 73 82 PICS
Seems like the primary purpose of this page is an image gallery, not an actual encyclopedic article. Wikipedia is not mere collections of photographs or media files. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 18:41, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. There is no information in this article, and it verges on a no-context speedy. Note that none of the images have tags or sources are thus 7 days from deletion themselves: they are also unlikely to be fair use in this context. Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information: that applies to stacks of images as much as anything else. -Splash talk 20:20, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think the pictures in themselves, even if they were to remain on Wikipedia, are worthwhile unless they actually provide the readers with some kind of contextualized and relevant information. Delete. -- Captain Disdain 00:44, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete WP:NOT an Image Gallery --JAranda | watz sup 04:57, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Model category

Closed ...
Well, a category stuck on this could have saved me work; I translated the German page just now as model category. So a merge is now required. Charles Matthews 18:41, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

As far as I can tell, there is a difference between a model category and a closed model category, though they probably belong in the same article. Marc Harper 11:24, 16 October 2005

 * Now, what would that be? All I see now is the existence of limits. Is the difference that for closed you need all limits and colimits? Or is it more treacherous than that?

 * By the way, if you put even an approximate category on a mathematical article (e.g. Category:Algebraic topology) it is picked up by a bot and shows up on the page that now links to this article, of recent additions in mathematics. Charles Matthews 09:21, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The issue is a little ambiguous; the differences are (1) finite limits/colimits versus completeness/cocompleteness and (2) closure of the distinguished classes under composition. The class of weak equivalences is always closed under composition by the 2 of 3 axiom, but not all authors seem to require closure for fibrations/cofibrations. (3) It appears that the classes are not always required to have identity morphisms. See for instance, p4-5. To make the issue worse, closed model categories are often simply referred to as model categories.

 * Since the difference is not completely clear, I have chosen to stick with the more common and more clearly defined 'closed model category'. Dwyer and Spalinski define a closed model category as this article now reads. I changed all limits/colimits to only the finite limts/colimits. We can merge this article into the model category article, appending additional stipulations for a model category to be closed, redirecting this article there, or vice versa. Lacking a reference that clearly spells out the difference, perhaps it's best to keep it the way it is for now.

 * This article needs a lot of work, particularly in the definitions of homotopy and all that, which I intend to do, but I will wait to make additional changes until a decision on the merge issue is reached.

 * I apologize for not properly categorizing the article; I will be sure to include this in the future. Marc Harper 15:55, 19 October 2005

So, I think this should appear on the model category page. There would be no objection to defining first closed model category, and only then weakening axioms - provided that excludes no example that is of major interest. Which brings me round to asking, what sort of range of examples of interest are we talking about here? Charles Matthews 21:11, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

I just checked Hovey's book: he says that the distinction between the two has not proven significant and that most recent authors use closed model categories but drop the adjective closed. So I suggest we do the same, following his lead. He defines a model structure which consists of the axioms but no composition closure properties and then defines a model category as a category with a model structure that also has all small limits and colimits. Apparently there are no major examples where this is an issue, considering what is normally thought of as a space, specifically: topological spaces and simplicial _______ (whatever); as well as other examples such as chain complexes of R-modules or sheaves.

Let's move this to model category, redirect closed model category to model category, and give some explanation in line with Hovey. -- Marc Harper 16:25, 19 October 2005 (CT)

 * OK. Cut-and-paste this into model category and redirect closed model category there, for the avoidance of doubt. Charles Matthews 21:43, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Move
I actually did it a different way, that puts the CMC page history here. Below is the old model category text, to edit in at need (translation from Modellkategorie. Charles Matthews 08:40, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

In mathematics, particularly in homotopy theory, a model category is a category with distinguished classes of morphisms ('arrows'): 'weak equivalences', 'fibrations' and 'cofibrations'. These abstract from a conventional homotopy category, of topological spaces or of chain complexes (derived category theory). This concept was introduced in 1967 by Daniel G. Quillen.

Definition
In the category $$\mathcal{C}$$ are three subcategories defined, of

 * weak equivalences
 * fibrations
 * cofibrations

all having the same collection of objects as C. Fibrations or cofibrations that are weak equivalences are trivial or acyclic

The model category axioms are the following.

MC1 ((Co-)limits)
$$\mathcal{C}$$ is finitely complete and cocomplete.

MC2 ("2 or 3")
If any two out of f, g, gf are weak equivalences in C, so is the third.

MC3 (Retract)
If f is a retract of g, lying in one of the subcategories, then so does f.

MC4 (Lifting)
For a commutative diagram

 * Bild:Hebung.png

with i a cofibration, p a fibration and i or p acyclic, there is an arrow $$h\colon B\to X$$, that makes the diagram commute.

MC5 (Decomposition)

 * 1) Any arrow can be written $$p\circ i$$ with a fibration p and an acyclic cofibration i.
 * 2) Any arrow can be written $$p\circ i$$ with an acyclic fibration p and a cofibration i.

Properties

 * The definition is self-dual: the opposite category $$\mathcal{C}^{op}$$ has a similar structure, if we swap fibration and cofibration over.
 * MC4 picks out the fibrations: an arrow p is a fibration, if and only if for each diagram, in which i is an acyclic cofibration, there is a lifting h (and also for cofibrations, mutandis mutatis). To specify a model category it is therefore sufficient to pick out the weak equivalences and one class out the other two kinds.

This talk page appeared in two Wikipedia categories
Fixed. --Hans Adler (talk) 09:54, 23 November 2007 (UTC)

Missing definition of homotopy
The homotopy category section says that "left homotopy classes" of maps are defined above. Above, it's stated that left homotopy is defined with respect to cylinder objects. However, the article fails to actually state a definition. Hurkyl (talk) 01:55, 20 August 2016 (UTC)

Add combinatorial model categories
https://golem.ph.utexas.edu/category/2009/11/combinatorial_model_categories.html is an excellent reference for extracting the correct wiki references and giving the idea of what combinatorial model categories "are".

title: Talk:Model category