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Bobby Beale (EastEnders)

Bobby Beale is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, who made his first appearance in episode 2557, originally broadcast on 24 July 2003. The character was originally played by Kevin Curran as an infant. Prior to his introduction, Bobby's paternity is at the centre of a storyline and is resolved when Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt) is revealed as Bobby's father. His mother, Laura Beale (Hannah Waterman), is killed off in 2004 and Bobby's stepmother, Jane Beale (Laurie Brett), later adopts Bobby. Curran was replaced by Alex Francis in 2007. Following Jane's departure, Bobby finds a mother figure in Mandy Salter (Nicola Stapleton) and is upset when she leaves.

When Francis decided to concentrate on his schooling, the character was recast again, with Rory Stroud in the role. Producers decided to recast the character again in 2014 and the character did not appear for six months to aid this transition. When he returned, Bobby was portrayed by Eliot Carrington. Bobby was placed at the centre of the "Who Killed Lucy Beale?" story following his return and was later revealed to be the killer. The story continued until show bosses decided to write out the character, while he was in prison. Bobby departed in episode 5303, first broadcast on 17 June 2016. Carrington reprised the role in 2017 for a cameo appearance in episode 5582, originally broadcast on 17 October, as part of Jane's exit from the series. The character's return was confirmed in April 2019, with the role recast again, to actor Clay Milner Russell. He returned in the second episode broadcast on 13 June 2019. Following his return, Bobby's storylines have included exploring the Islamic faith, being bullied by Dennis Rickman Jnr (Bleu Landau) which leads to his being hospitalised in a racial attack, a feud with his older brother Peter Beale (Dayle Hudson), being infatuated with Dotty Cotton (Milly Zero), becoming a suspect in his father's attack, a relationship with Dana Monroe (Barbara Smith), a friendship with Freddie Slater (Bobby Brazier) and falling in love with Anna Knight (Molly Rainford), unaware that she is Lucy and Peter's half-sister. In April 2024, it was announced that Milner Russell is set to leave the soap after five years.

2003–2017
When Laura Beale (Hannah Waterman) gives birth to Bobby, her estranged husband Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt) refuses to acknowledge the possibility of being Bobby's father because he had a vasectomy prior to Bobby's conception; also, Laura had been unfaithful with Garry Hobbs (Ricky Groves). When Bobby (Kevin Curran) needs a blood transfusion, Ian is proved to be Bobby's father and Laura names Ian as Bobby's father when she registers his birth. Ian does not find out until Pat Evans (Pam St Clement) finds the birth certificate after Laura's sudden death. Afterwards, Ian brings Bobby to live with him and his half-siblings, Peter Beale (Joseph Shade) and Lucy Beale (Casey Anne Rothery). Ian's girlfriend and later wife Jane Beale (Laurie Brett), joins the household; she becomes Bobby's stepmother and values him as her own child, increasingly so following an emergency hysterectomy.

Ian enters Bobby (now Alex Francis) into a talent contest but cheats by enlisting another child to sing while Bobby mimes. When Ian's deceit is revealed, Bobby is left exposed and upset. Jane leaves temporarily and Bobby becomes troubled. When Ian catches Bobby bullying his cousin Tiffany Butcher (Maisie Smith) and confronts him, Bobby shouts that he wants Jane. He disappears from school to look for Jane, and it is Jane who finds him. She formally adopts him. Bobby and Ian plan a surprise 40th-birthday party for her, but when they see her kissing a man named Martin (Alisdair Harvey), Ian's reaction leads Jane to divorce him, leaving Walford to protect Bobby from their acrimonious arguments. In August, Bobby is misinformed of Jane's death after Ian starts telling people he is a widower. Bobby is upset so Ian tells him that he was only joking and calls Jane to prove that she is alive. When Mandy Salter (Nicola Stapleton) moves in with them, she and Bobby start to bond but Bobby still visits Jane, and she briefly returns to Walford prior to accepting a catering job in Wales. When Mandy dumps Ian, he suffers a nervous breakdown and goes missing, leaving Bobby in Lucy's (now Hetti Bywater) care. Several weeks later Ian returns after having been living homeless, scaring Bobby with his unkempt appearance.

Bobby and Ian visit family in America. Soon after returning, Bobby (now Rory Stroud) takes a romantic interest in Tiffany. When Tiffany's mother, Bianca Butcher (Patsy Palmer), trashes Ian's new restaurant, Ian agrees not to go to the police in exchange for Bobby and Tiffany not seeing each other anymore. Tiffany and Bobby then start meeting in secret. When Bobby participates in a school spelling competition competing against Tiffany, it is revealed that they have broken up. Bobby is delighted when Jane returns to Walford and plans to buy into Ian's restaurant.

The Beale family are distraught when Lucy is murdered. After Jane breaks down in Ian's arms, they sleep together and Ian hopes they will reconcile. He tells Bobby they are getting back together, but Jane is annoyed and shouts at Ian. When Bobby tries to intervene, an angry Ian tells him he will never be as good as Lucy. Realizing that Ian needs time to grieve, Jane decides to leave Walford with Bobby. They depart abruptly, briefly returning for Lucy's funeral in May. In November, Jane returns to report that Bobby has gone missing. When found in Walford, Bobby (now Eliot Carington) says that he wants to move back to Albert Square. Jane agrees, but later she is concerned when she finds a casefile which Bobby has compiled with the intention of solving Lucy's murder.

On the night of Ian and Jane's remarriage, it is revealed in a flashback episode that Bobby had accidentally killed Lucy ten months before, after attacking her with a jewellery box out of frustration at her actions, Jane tells a heartbroken Ian, Peter and Cindy Williams that she killed Lucy, but Ian realises that she is lying and that Bobby is the culprit. Jane admits that she had moved Lucy's body, and convinced Bobby that he had not caused Lucy's death. The Beales then agree to keep the circumstances of Lucy's death a secret from Bobby, the police, and the residents of Walford. Peter later makes peace with Bobby before emigrating to New Zealand.

Afterwards, Bobby continuously walks in between Ian and Jane's conversations about him killing Lucy, where they nervously shake it off and tell him they were discussing something else. When Ian's half-brother Ben Mitchell (Harry Reid), who is Phil's son, is arrested for Lucy's murder, Jane reveals to Ian that she kept the phone and purse that Ben stole from her. Bobby soon finds them and takes them to the police station, but is stopped by Phil who sees the objects and takes Bobby back home. Phil demands of Jane where she got the objects, and as he threatens her, Bobby brandishes a golf club and threatens Phil, but is stopped by Ian. Ben is soon released when Lucy's former lover Max Branning (Jake Wood) is arrested for the killing. Now convinced that Max killed Lucy, Bobby tries to smash his car with a brick, but is stopped by Cindy and taken home where she berates him as nothing more than a "stupid little boy", which makes Bobby angry and pushes her. Bobby loses his temper and pushes Cindy as Jane walks in, causing Cindy to graze her head and land where Lucy died. Cindy snaps at Ian when Bobby leaves the room and her words convince Jane to confess to Carol the truth of Lucy's death. Left alone, Cindy then tells her boyfriend Liam Butcher (James Forde), who is Tiffany's brother and Carol's grandson, that Bobby had killed Lucy. Bobby is increasingly confused by Jane's behaviour but the revealing video message Cindy sends him is opened by Phil's wife Sharon Mitchell (Letitia Dean) and deleted by Ian, who begs Sharon not to reveal what she heard.

Bobby is furious when his grandmother Kathy Beale (Gillian Taylforth) returns to Walford and Ian and Jane decide to move her into Bobby's bedroom and move Bobby into Lucy's old bedroom. Jane catches Bobby trying to swap the rooms back in secret and a physical scuffle ensues, which results in Bobby deliberately pushing Jane down the stairs. After she regains consciousness, Kathy arrives and Jane lies that she tripped and fell when helping Bobby move the last items from his bedroom. However, after hearing Kathy and Jane talking later, Bobby accidentally reveals to Kathy that he pushed Jane down the stairs, leaving Kathy shocked at his violent streak. Bobby starts a feud with Sharon's son, Dennis Rickman Jnr (Bleu Landau), which escalates when Bobby cruelly kills Dennis' pet spider.

Sharon tells Kathy that Bobby is evil and needs help, and Kathy tells Sharon that Bobby pushed Jane down the stairs, so Sharon decides to report Bobby to the police about Lucy's killing but agrees to wait until after Christmas. Dennis tells Bobby that he killed Lucy, having overheard it from Sharon and Phil. Ian and Jane soon realise that Bobby knows the truth, and Ian makes a deal with Phil to stop Sharon going to the police. Bobby then tells Ian what he knows and Ian confirms it is true. Jane then decides they should go to the police, as they are no longer protecting Bobby from the truth, but Ian comes up with another plan to help Bobby's anger issues and the family agree to send him to boarding school. He leaves late in January 2016 after Ian bribes the school to take him early.

In May 2016, Bobby returns home from school for the holidays, happy having won a hockey award. Ian decides against selling the family restaurant when he comes under pressure from the market traders which means they cannot afford to continue paying Bobby's school fees. Bobby overhears Jane talking about this and lashes out, smashing her car wing mirror with his hockey stick. The next day, Jane catches Bobby packing a bag and he says he is returning to school, and when Jane picks up the phone to call Ian and tell him this, Bobby attacks her; hitting her on the head and striking her legs with his hockey stick. He then leaves her unconscious in their home, goes into the Queen Vic and confesses in front of everyone there that he has killed Jane and he killed Lucy too. Ian attempts to get Bobby away from the scene but Mick Carter (Danny Dyer) stops him, and instead Ian, Sharon and Kathy go to the house and find Jane critically injured. Ian accompanies Jane in the ambulance but denies Bobby access. He is later arrested after confessing to attacking Jane. Bobby then also confesses that he killed Lucy and reveals to DI Keeble that he has the murder weapon in his school locker. He is released pending charge for Lucy's murder.

Ian and his stepson Steven Beale (Aaron Sidwell) are told by doctors that Jane nearly died as a result of her injuries and that she may never walk again. Bobby is sharply rebuked by Ian for this attack but he seems genuinely upset about Jane and says that by confessing, he is seeking help. Bobby is charged with unlawful killing and denied bail by the Youth Court judge. He is kept in a youth detention centre until a preliminary hearing in Crown Court the following week. In court, Bobby pleads guilty to causing grievous bodily harm upon Jane with intent and unlawfully killing Lucy. He is given a custodial sentence of three years for killing Lucy and one year for the attack on Jane, with both sentences to run concurrently. After being sentenced to prison until June 2019, Bobby feels confident he can be released when solicitor Ritchie Scott (Sian Webber) informs him of potential to appeal, but following Jane's wishes, Ian convinces Bobby to avoid doing so, saying that he needs to accept what he did and carry out his punishment like he deserves. When Jane has begun to recover from her injuries, she wishes to visit Bobby, but Ian tells her that Bobby does not want to see either of them.

Months later, Ian visits Bobby off-screen to inform him of Steven's death and Jane being injured in a fire. When Ian returns from the visit, he informs Kathy that he is disappointed that Bobby did not seem to respond to the news the way he expected and he walked out the visiting room without saying a word. The following month, Max threatens Jane into leaving Walford. However, Kathy's rapist James Willmott-Brown (William Boyde) forces Max to ensure that Jane leaves without Ian. Therefore, Max shows Jane a video of Bobby being harassed by someone he does not recognise in his cell, and threatens to harm Bobby if Jane does not leave Walford alone.

2019–present
Sixteen months later, Ian receives a letter saying that Bobby will be released in a matter of months, but he believes that Bobby will be better off with Jane. However, Kathy encourages Ian to tell Peter that Bobby is returning home and to be a father to Bobby and bring him back to Walford. Bobby is later released from prison in June 2019 and is greeted by Kathy at home. However, upon returning to Walford, he is not given a warm welcome back by the residents, especially Max, who never forgave him for watching him being wrongly sent to prison for Bobby's crime of killing Lucy, which led to ruining his relationship with his daughters Lauren (Jacqueline Jossa) and Abi Branning (Lorna Fitzgerald), ultimately causing Abi's death and Lauren's departure. Max eventually forgives Bobby and they develop a friendship, much to Ian's annoyance. Bobby reconnects with his friend Imran Qureshi (Reda Elazouar), who he met in the Young Offenders Unit. It is revealed that Bobby is converting to Islam to help find peace with his past. Imran gifts him a Quran, and introduces him to the Muslim Ummah. Ian struggles to accept Bobby's faith but eventually comes around. Bobby begins to hallucinate Lucy around the Square and in the Beale house, and almost resorts to committing arson in his home, but Max stops him. After a conversation with Rainie Branning (Tanya Franks), Bobby takes drugs, and wanders onto the train tracks; he is saved by Callum "Halfway" Highway (Tony Clay). Bobby beings a friendship with Habiba (Rukku Nahar) and Iqra Ahmed (Priya Davdra), who encourage him to embrace Islam, and invite him to celebrate Eid with them. Bobby officially converts to Islam, but is enraged when Ian attempts to turn it into an event to promote himself as councillor. Ian chucks Bobby out of the house, and he goes to live with Habiba and Iqra, and is joined by his cousin, Bex Fowler (Jasmine Armfield).

Bobby's former nemesis Dennis begins to taunt him and after Bobby attacks him, Dennis starts posting Islamophobic abuse online about Bobby, which is spotted by Bex. Bobby is attacked on the way to mosque with Habiba and Iqra, and is strangled. He ends up going to hospital with a bleed on his brain, needing emergency surgery. Peter (now played by Dayle Hudson) returns after being contacted by Kathy, but he struggles to forgive Bobby for murdering Lucy. These events lead to Bobby developing OCD. He decides to set up a charity named Lucy Beale Foundation, in honour of his deceased sister and is helped by Max, which angers Ian. Max and Sharon become trustees, and Ian sneaks onto Sharon's laptop to steal £20,000 from the account of the Lucy Beale Foundation to repay Max the money he owes him. Bobby is unaware until Ian leaves Walford. Bobby later meets a girl, Jade (Libbi Fox) and they go on a date. When Jade goes to the toilet, Vinny Panesar (Shiv Jalota) tells Bobby about Lucas Johnson (Don Gilet) going on a date with Karen Taylor (Lorraine Stanley) and her finding out he's a murderer, which disheartens Bobby and he leaves before Jade returns. Soon after, Bobby finds Dana Monroe (Barbara Smith) on a dating app and she later becomes his girlfriend. He originally lies to her about his name so she does not discover his past, however, he later tells her the truth.

Bobby and Dana’s relationship develops and he worries about sleeping with her as he is a virgin and sex outside marriage is a major sin in the Islamic faith. However, they later consummate their relationship shortly before Bobby’s 18th birthday. Dana's father Harvey (Ross Boatman) is unhappy about their relationship due to Bobby's past, especially when Dana supports Bobby and Iqra in their campaign for a new mosque in Walford. Dana is later attacked by an Islamophobic gang, and he redevelops OCD, which Dana discovers and supports him. Bobby is wary of Dana's brother Aaron (Charlie Wernham) and Dana refuses to believe Bobby's suspicions. Aaron is revealed to be an Islamophobe with the intention of bombing the new mosque, and when Bobby discovers this and tells Dana, she refuses to believe him, ending their relationship. They reconcile and Dana agrees to revert revert to Islam, which Aaron refuses to accept. Aaron's plans are exposed and when he is arrested, Dana wrongly believes that Bobby had reported him to the police, but she discovers that it was Harvey. During a pause in their relationship, Dana believes that she is pregnant but she takes a test and realises that she is not pregnant. Bobby and Dana soon grow apart and she develops feelings for Peter. Dana and Peter sleep together, which Bobby later discovers. Peter decides to leave Walford after a confrontation with Bobby and Kathy, and Dana soon leaves Walford to go to university but makes amends with Bobby. Bobby takes over Ian's chip shop after Peter's absence and hesitantly employs [[Freddie Slater (Bobby Brazier). Although Freddie irritates Bobby initially, the pair become close friends.

Bobby and Freddie compete for the attention of sisters Gina (Francesca Henry) and Anna Knight (Molly Rainford), with Bobby becoming close to Anna. Kathy's fiancé Tom "Rocky" Cotton (Brian Conley) asks Bobby to find Ian and Peter (played again by Thomas Law) as Kathy wants them at their wedding, but Peter declines the offer. It is revealed that Ian's first wife, and Peter and Lucy's mother, Cindy Beale (Michelle Collins), is still alive, having been presumed dead for 25 years. Ian and Peter have been living with her in France. It also transpires that Cindy is Anna and Gina's estranged mother. Peter soon returns to Walford upon hearing that Gina and Anna are living at The Queen Vic, prompting Cindy and Ian to return as well. Bobby learns that Anna is Lucy's half-sister and fears she will hate him when she learns he murdered Lucy, however, Anna reveals she already knows. She later has a one-night stand with Freddie, which Bobby only learns about when Ian humiliates them by exposing their one-night stand to Bobby at The Queen Vic. Bobby struggles to get along with a resentful Cindy, who despises him for killing Lucy. After Peter and Rocky save Bobby from a fire in Kathy's Café, Cindy blames Bobby for Peter being on life support and wishes him dead. She later apologises, and they call a truce. Bobby and Anna decide to commit to a proper relationship, but Anna struggles with Bobby's timidity. When Ian and Peter act secretive, Bobby follows Peter to uncover what he is hiding. He discovers that Ian and Peter have been in contact with Jane, who wants to reconnect with Bobby. However, Bobby tells Jane that he cannot understand why she covered up Lucy's murder and disowns her. Bobby changes his mind and forgives Jane.

Creation and development
Bobby has overcome a complicated start in life — Garry thought he was his father until a blood test proved it was Ian. Not to mention enduring the revolving door of his father's love life...Bobby's biological mum, Laura, died in dubious circumstances. Jane was the closest thing to a mum he had, but she left, unable to endure another minute as Mrs Beale. Mandy took over the unlikely role of 'mum' for a while until she too left The Square.

In December 2003, Neil Wilkes of Digital Spy revealed a forthcoming "baby bombshell" storyline involving Garry Hobbs (Ricky Groves) torn between Laura Beale (Hannah Waterman) and Lynne Hobbs (Elaine Lordan). Garry mistakenly believes that Laura's unborn child is his but it is in fact Ian Beale's (Adam Woodyatt) who is oblivious to this information. It was then confirmed that Laura was to be killed in an "explosive exit" after she comes clean with both Garry and Ian. An EastEnders insider said in May 2004 "Garry's grown to love Bobby despite all the trouble caused by his night of passion with Ian's wife Laura". In July 2007, Laurie Brett who plays Jane Collins said that Bobby will start becoming "a bit of a handful". In December 2009. a writer for the Sunday Mail said that when Bobby went missing, it made viewers feel sorry for Ian for a change. In February 2010, Woodyatt said that Bobby's character was a fail-safe option if the live episode of EastEnders went wrong saying "We've all got our little strategies in case it goes wrong. I'm going upstairs to check on Bobby. Steve Mac is going to say, 'I've had enough of this' and just walk out." When Nicola Stapleton reprises her role as Mandy Salter, she said that there a part of Mandy that wants to be maternal as she gets on well with Bobby, who becomes her "little mate". In January 2013, after leaving EastEnders, Laurie Brett said "I would never say never to going back, as I loved playing Jane. She's Bobby's mum and it will always be that way."

Digital Spy revealed on 31 January 2013 that Alex Francis departed from EastEnders to "concentrate more on school commitments". The executive producer of EastEnders, Lorraine Newman, said of Francis' departure "Alex has been a highly valued member of the EastEnders cast and we wish him the best for the future." The role of Bobby was recast to Rory Stroud and started appearing as Bobby from 1 March 2013. In April 2013, when Ben Hardy is recast as Bobby's brother Peter Beale, he said "Ian's wonderful relationship with Denise and the inclusion of Lucy, Peter and Bobby in the household will reinvigorate the clan with vibrancy and energy. I am really looking forward to seeing them all together on screen." Additionally, in June 2013, upon the announcement that Bobby's adoptive sister, Cindy Williams, would return to the programme, new actress Mimi Keene said "with Peter, Lucy Beale (Hetti Bywater), Bobby and Cindy to contend with, it'll be a lively household".

Third recast, Lucy's murder and departure
Producers decided to recast the character again in 2014 from Stroud to child actor Eliot Carrington. Carrington was chosen to play Bobby because producers wanted an actor with "emotional depth". Bobby departs the series with Jane in May 2014, marking Stroud's final appearance in the role. Six months later, the character returned with Carrington now in the role. At the time, the Beale family were at the centre of the "Who Killed Lucy Beale?" storyline, a whodunit plot following the murder of Bobby's half-sister Lucy, which leads to the show's thirtieth anniversary episodes. A flashback episode, which features the reveal of Lucy's killer, was commissioned as part of the anniversary episodes. Executive producer Dominic Treadwell-Collins wanted the reveal to be different from previous whodunit reveals which revealed the character in one line. He told Mark Wilson of The Guardian that the reveal of Lucy's killer would be "more complicated" and would involve multiple conversations. Minimal people knew about the identity of Lucy's killer to avoid any leaks with more members of the cast and crew being informed over the course of the storyline.

In the flashback episode, Bobby is revealed as the murderer with Jane hiding his secret. The character had not been part of the official list of suspects, but Treadwell-Collins warned that any character could be the killer. He confirmed that another character was originally the killer, while he had considered making Jane and Cindy the murderers. Story producer Alex Lamb then suggested making Bobby the murderer during a discussion with Treadwell-Collins, series producer Sharon Batten and script producer Manpreet Dosanjh after a story conference. They chose a family member as a culprit because they wanted to relate the story to the show's original premise: a "kitchen sink drama" focusing on family. Treadwell-Collins explained that he wanted the story to be "emotional and come from the heart". The story team intertwined Bobby's recast with the story. Treadwell-Collins commented, "If you look at the pieces now, Jane took Bobby away! We cleverly, I hope, seeded everything." Bobby's attack on Lucy was not filmed, which the executive producer said was a "conscious decision" because he thought it would be "too much" for a child actor.

Treadwell-Collins sought permission from Carrington's father before agreeing to make Bobby the murderer and told Mark Jefferies of the Daily Mirror that if he had objected to the story, he planned to recast the character again. He informed Carrington of the twist on the evening of 16 February 2015, three days before the live reveal, to gauge a response. Carrington was pleased with the twist and thought it made sense for Jane to hide Bobby's secret. Treadwell-Collins praised Carrington, calling him "a very intelligent little boy and very emotionally mature". Bywater, who portrays Lucy, was surprised by the twist, having discovered during rehearsals on the morning of the episode.

Producers then placed the character at the centre of a subsequent story for the Beale family as they try to maintain the secret. Treadwell-Collins wanted to continue the story and compared the twist to the novel We Need to Talk About Kevin, which is about a teenage killer. Bobby is unaware that he caused the death of his sister, which Treadwell-Collins thought was important because he did not want to make a child an aware murderer. The story team wanted to explore whether the character is evil and how Ian and Jane would respond to that situation. The story continued to be explored until show bosses decided to conclude the storyline. After attacking Jane with a hockey stick, Bobby admits it was him because he didn't want to leave his old school, he is arrested by the police for Assault occasioning in Actual Bodily Harm against Jane. As Bobby is being interviewed by the police, he admits he killed Lucy, and the police go into further investigations against him. Bobby is then charged with her murder and Jane's attack. In scenes originally broadcast in June 2016, the storyline ends as Bobby is sentenced to four years imprisonment for grievous bodily harm with Intent and murder: three years for Lucy's murder, and one year for Jane's attack. This marks Carrington's departure from the series and he leaves in episode 5303, first broadcast on 17 June 2016.

Jane was written out of the series in October 2017. As part of Brett's exit from the serial, Carrington filmed a cameo appearance as Bobby and he appears in episode 5582, originally broadcast on 17 October. In the scene, Bobby is featured on footage, filmed by a fellow prisoner, and shown to Jane by Max Branning (Jake Wood) as a threat.

Reintroduction and Islam
The character was referenced in scenes first broadcast in February 2019 as Ian receives a letter about Bobby's release date, sparking speculation that he could return. In April 2019, Laura-Jayne Tyler of Inside Soap confirmed that Bobby would be reintroduced to EastEnders during that year for "an explosive story". She did not rule out Carrington reprising the role. On 3 June 2019, it was confirmed that the role had been recast, with actor Clay Milner Russell now in the role. Hollyoaks actor Billy Price revealed in 2021 that he auditioned for the role, and made it "quite far" into the audition process. He explained that excluding him, there were three other actors in the running for the role. Bobby returns in episode 5937, originally broadcast on 13 June 2019, after being released from prison and is greeted by his grandmother, Kathy Beale (Gillian Taylforth). The show's executive producer, Jon Sen, expressed his excitement at the casting, commenting, "Clay's an exciting new talent with a charisma and an intensity that injects a new energy into the fascinating character of Bobby Beale". He added that Bobby's return would have repercussions for other characters.

Following his return, producers placed Bobby in a new story exploring Islamic faith. The character decides to convert after meeting Imran (Reda Elazouar) in prison, who encourages him to make peace with himself and the past. Bobby is subsequently portrayed as exploring his faith while receiving mixed reactions from the community. EastEnders worked with the charity Muslim Youth Helpline on the story, and aimed to portray "the positive impact of religion". Sen expressed his delight at tackling the subject and working with the Muslim Youth Helpline. He explained that he wanted to "challenge preconceptions and prejudices" about faith in young people and "demonstrate the positive impact of religion in modern society". Zohra Khaku, the director of the charity, believed that it is "heartening" to see a positive portrayal of Islam in a character amidst a time when the religion is negatively portrayed.

Reception
Rory Stroud was nominated as "Best Young Actor" at the 2013 Inside Soap Awards. A reporter from the EastEnders website said "We feel for cute-as-a-button Bobby Beale, whose home life is about as stable as Kim Fox (Tameka Empson) in stilettoes after ladies' night at R&R." Meanwhile, Eliot Carrington was nominated for 'Best Bad Boy' and 'Best Young Actor' at the 2015 Inside Soap Awards. In September 2013, Stuart Heritage of The Guardian newspaper said that the character should be axed because Stroud "can actually act. He can speak in full sentences and walk around and stuff. That's not who Bobby Beale is.  Bobby Beale should be mute and confused by everything, just like he was when Alex Francis played him."

In 2020, Sara Wallis and Ian Hyland from The Daily Mirror placed Bobby 100th on their ranked list of the Best EastEnders characters of all time, calling him a "baby-faced killer in the electric guitar PJs" who "shocked the world" when he was revealed to be Lucy's killer.

title: Bobby Beale (EastEnders)


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Old Etonians

This is a list of notable former pupils of Eton College, a 13–18 public fee-charging and boarding secondary school for boys in Eton, Berkshire, England. Former pupils of the school are known as Old Etonians.

Politics

 * Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, first Prime Minister of Great Britain
 * William Pitt the Elder, 1st Earl of Chatham, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 * William Ewart Gladstone, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 * Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 * Arthur James Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 * Anthony Eden, 1st Earl of Avon, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 * Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 * Alec Douglas-Home, Baron Home of the Hirsel, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 * David Cameron, Lord Cameron of Chipping Norton, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 * Boris Johnson, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 * Abhisit Vejjajiva, former Prime Minister of Thailand
 * Kwasi Kwarteng, former Chancellor of the Exchequer
 * Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
 * Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 * Lord Curzon, former Viceroy of India
 * Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire, former Governor General of Canada
 * Tam Dalyell, former Labour MP

Eton has produced twenty British prime ministers. Eleven of them are shown above.

Royalty and nobility
A number of blue-blooded pupils come to Eton from aristocratic and royal families from six continents, some of whom have been sending their sons to Eton for generations. This is an incomplete list.

British

 * Lord William Beauchamp Nevill (1860–1939)
 * Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster (1879–1953)
 * Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (1900–1974)
 * George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood (1923–2011), son of Mary, Princess Royal and Henry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood
 * John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough (1926–2014)
 * Prince Edward, Duke of Kent (born 1935)
 * Prince William of Gloucester (1941–1972)
 * Prince Michael of Kent (born 1942)
 * Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester (born 1944)
 * Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland (1953 – 1995)
 * George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews (born 1962)
 * James Ogilvy (born 1964), son of Princess Alexandra and the Rt Hon. Sir Angus Ogilvy
 * Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer (born 1964), brother of Diana, Princess of Wales
 * Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster (born 1974)
 * Lord Frederick Windsor (born 1979)
 * William, Prince of Wales (born 1982)
 * Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (born 1984)
 * Edward Windsor, Lord Downpatrick (born 1988)
 * Lord Max Percy (born 1990), son of Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland
 * Samuel Chatto (born 1996), son of Lady Sarah Chatto and Daniel Chatto
 * Arthur Chatto (born 1999), son of Lady Sarah Chatto and Daniel Chatto
 * Charles Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley (born 1999)

Foreign

 * Prince Tokugawa Iesato (1863–1940)
 * Aga Khan III (1877–1957)
 * Prince Eustachy Sapieha (1881–1963)
 * Prajadhipok, King Rama VII of Siam (1893–1941)
 * Leopold III of Belgium (1901–1983)
 * Prince Nicholas of Romania (1903–1978)
 * Birendra of Nepal (1945–2001)
 * Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia (born 1945)
 * Zera Yacob Amha Selassie, Head of the Imperial House of Ethiopia
 * Dipendra of Nepal (1971–2001)
 * Prince Nirajan of Nepal (1978–2001)

Writers

 * Robert Bridges
 * John Carter
 * Cyril Connolly
 * William Douglas Home
 * Henry Fielding
 * Ian Fleming
 * Gilbert Frankau
 * Thomas Gray
 * Aldous Huxley
 * Pico Iyer
 * Montague Rhodes James
 * Ronald Knox
 * Richard Mason
 * Douglas Murray
 * Musa Okwonga
 * Dillibe Onyeama
 * George Orwell
 * Anthony Powell
 * Benedict Rattigan
 * Percy Bysshe Shelley
 * Osbert Sitwell
 * Sacheverell Sitwell
 * Horace Walpole
 * Guy Walters

Scientists

 * Robert Boyle, chemist
 * John Gurdon, biologist and Nobel laureate
 * J. B. S. Haldane, biologist and statistician
 * Henry Moseley, physicist
 * John Maynard Smith, biologist and geneticist
 * John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, physicist
 * Stephen Wolfram, computer scientist
 * Richard Wrangham, biological anthropologist

Journalists

 * Timothy Brinton, 1950s BBC newsreader and 1960s ITN newscaster
 * Nicholas Coleridge, president of Conde Nast International and managing director of Condé Nast UK
 * Geordie Greig, current editor of The Mail on Sunday
 * Julian Haviland, former political editor of ITN and The Times
 * David Jessel, BBC current affairs presenter
 * Ludovic Kennedy, former ITN newscaster and BBC Panorama presenter
 * James Landale, current BBC diplomatic correspondent
 * Charles Moore, Baron Moore of Etchingham, former editor of The Daily Telegraph
 * Ferdinand Mount, former editor of The Spectator
 * John Oaksey, former chief ITV and Channel 4 racing commentator
 * David Shukman, BBC science editor
 * Corbet Woodall, 1960s BBC newsreader

Actors

 * Sebastian Armesto
 * Michael Bentine
 * Jeremy Brett
 * Christopher Cazenove
 * Jeremy Child
 * Jeremy Clyde
 * Adetomiwa Edun
 * Clement von Franckenstein
 * Harry Hadden-Paton
 * Nyasha Hatendi
 * Jonah Hauer-King
 * Charles Hawtrey
 * Tom Hiddleston
 * Hugh Laurie
 * Damian Lewis
 * Harry Lloyd
 * Patrick Macnee
 * Ian Ogilvy
 * Julian Ovenden
 * Eddie Redmayne
 * John Standing
 * Moray Watson
 * Dominic West

Music

 * Thomas Arne, composer
 * Gerald Hugh Tyrwhitt, 14th Lord Berners, composer and novelist
 * George Butterworth, composer
 * John Macleod Campbell Crum, priest and hymnwriter
 * Thomas Dunhill, composer
 * Victor Hely-Hutchinson, composer and conductor
 * Frederick Septimus Kelly, musician and composer
 * Humphrey Lyttelton, jazz trumpeter
 * Hubert Parry, writer of the hymn "Jerusalem" and the coronation anthem "I was glad"
 * Roger Quilter, composer
 * Donald Tovey, musicologist
 * Frank Turner, musician
 * Atticus Ross, musician and film composer
 * Philip Heseltine, Anglo-Welsh composer and writer (pseudonym Peter Warlock)

Others

 * Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Nazi SA Obergruppenführer
 * Francis Bertie, 1st Viscount Bertie of Thame, ambassador
 * Henry Blofeld, cricket commentator
 * Beau Brummell, dandy
 * Guy Burgess, diplomat and spy
 * Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy, WWI commander and Governor-General of Canada
 * Alan Clark, MP and author
 * James Colthurst, radiologist and friend of Diana, Princess of Wales
 * Piers Courage, Formula 1 racing driver
 * Charles Douglas-Home, 13th Earl of Home, father of Prime Minister Alec Douglas-Home
 * Ranulph Fiennes, explorer
 * Alexander Fiske-Harrison, bullfighter and author
 * Ivo Graham, comedian
 * Bear Grylls, adventurer
 * William Inge, Dean of St Paul's Cathedral
 * John Maynard Keynes, economist
 * Richard Layard, Baron Layard, economist
 * Oliver Leese, WWII commander 8th Army
 * Frederick Stanley Maude, WWI commander
 * Stewart Menzies, WWII head of MI6
 * Alexander Nix, CEO of Cambridge Analytica
 * Nigel Oakes, CEO of Behavioural Dynamics Institute and SCL Group
 * Lawrence Oates, Antarctic explorer
 * Derek Parfit, philosopher
 * Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer, WWI commander
 * Paul Raison, art historian and former Chairman of Christie's
 * Timothy Raison, MP and Government minister
 * Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson, WWI commander, ultimately Commander in Chief India
 * Charles Studd, cricketer and missionary
 * Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury
 * Henry Maitland Wilson, WWII commander
 * Timothy Yates, theologian, vicar and historian

Thirty-seven Old Etonians have been awarded the Victoria Cross—the largest number to alumni of any school (see List of Victoria Crosses by school).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Old Etonians


text:
Bisulfite

The bisulfite ion (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogensulfite) is the ion. Salts containing the ion are also known as "sulfite lyes". Sodium bisulfite is used interchangeably with sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5). Sodium metabisulfite dissolves in water to give a solution of Na+.
 * Na2S2O5 +  H2O  →  2Na[HSO3]

Structure
The bisulfite anion exists in solution as a mixture of two tautomers. One tautomer has the proton attached to one of the three oxygen centers. In the second tautomer the proton resides on sulfur. The S-protonated tautomer has C3v symmetry. The O-protonated tautomer has only Cs symmetry.

Tautomerization
There exist two tautomers of bisulfite. They interconvert readily but can be characterized individually by various spectroscopic methods. They have been observed by 17O NMR spectroscopy:
 * HSO3−   SO2(OH)−K = 4.9

Acid-base reactions
Solutions of bisulfite are typically prepared by treatment of sulfur dioxide with aqueous base:
 * SO2 +  OH−  →

is the conjugate base of sulfurous acid, (H2SO3).

is a weak acidic species with a pKa of 6.97. Its conjugate base is sulfite, :
 * ⇌ + H+

Dehydration/hydration equilibria
Attempted isolation of the common salts of bisulfite results in dehydration of the anion with formation of metabisulfite, also known as disulfite:
 * 2 ⇌  + H2O

Because of this equilibrium, anhydrous sodium and potassium salts of bisulfite cannot be obtained. However, there are some reports of anhydrous bisulfites with large counter ions.

Redox reactions
Bisulfite is a good reducing agent, especially for oxygen scrubbing:
 * 2 +  O2   →  2  + 2 H+

Its reducing properties are exploited to precipitate gold from auric acid (gold dissolved in aqua regia) and reduce chromium(VI) to chromium(III). In water chlorination, sodium bisulfite is used to reduce the residual 'chlorine' which can have a negative impact on aquatic life.

Organic synthesis

 * [[Image:Bisulfite adduct.svg|Bisulfite adduct]]

In organic chemistry, "sodium bisulfite" is used to form adducts with aldehyde and with certain cyclic ketones. These adducts are α-hydroxysulfonic acids. This reaction is useful for the separation and purification of aldehydes. The bisulfite adducts are charged and so are more soluble in polar solvents. The reaction can be reversed in base or strong acid. Examples of such procedures are described for benzaldehyde, 2-tetralone, citral, the ethyl ester of pyruvic acid and glyoxal. In the ring-expansion reaction of cyclohexanone with diazald, the bisulfite reaction is reported to allow differentiation between the primary reaction product cycloheptanone and the main contaminant cyclooctanone.

Another use of bisulfite in organic chemistry is as a mild reducing agent, for example to remove traces or excess amounts of chlorine, bromine, iodine, hypochlorite salts, osmate esters, chromium trioxide and potassium permanganate. Sodium bisulfite is a decoloration agent in purification procedures because it reduces strongly coloured oxidizing agents, conjugated alkenes and carbonyl compounds.

Bisulfite is also the key ingredient in the Bucherer reaction. In this reaction an aromatic hydroxyl group is converted to the corresponding amine group. This is a reversible reaction. The first step in this reaction is an addition reaction of sodium bisulfite to an aromatic double bond. The Bucherer carbazole synthesis is a related organic reaction that uses sodium bisulfite as a reagent.

Bisulfite DNA sequencing

Sodium bisulfite is used in the analysis of the methylation status of cytosines in DNA.

In this technique, sodium bisulfite deaminates cytosine into uracil, but does not affect 5-methylcytosine, a methylated form of cytosine with a methyl group attached to carbon 5.

When the bisulfite-treated DNA is amplified via polymerase chain reaction, the uracil is amplified as thymine and the methylated cytosines are amplified as cytosine. DNA sequencing techniques are then used to read the sequence of the bisulfite-treated DNA. Those cytosines that are read as cytosines after sequencing represent methylated cytosines, while those that are read as thymines represent unmethylated cytosines in the genomic DNA.

title: Bisulfite


text:
Talk:Pokémon Ranger

Link to Diamond and Pearl
IGN are calling this Pokemon Ranger: The Road to Diamond and Pearl, and saying that you can link to Diamond and Pearl for "some top secret bonuses". Do we have a source for this? Sonic Mew | talk to me 18:28, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * GameSpot calls this game Pokemon Ranger: The Road to Diamond and Pearl too. We should add this in the article.KdogDS 22:01, 18 May 2006 (UTC)
 * That was the original name, or the name in Japan( not sure which). But in the latest material from E³, the subtitle seems to have been dropped. -- WikidSmaht (talk) 21:04, 19 May 2006 (UTC)
 * using this game can get you the pokemon Manaphy
 * Yes we know that now. But that discussion is from before the game was released. --Sonic Mew 01:36, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Ambrella
I would just like to ask that anyone who notices that the developer of this game is changed to please revert it. The developer is Ambrella, the creators of Pokemon Dash, and not HAL. . Jedi6 -(need help?)  02:26, 16 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Pokemon.co.jp says differently. As does the issue of Coro Coro that revealed this game. Sonic Mew 02:50, 17 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Argg. That means all the big american sites, IGN, Gamespot, ect. are wrong. Jedi6  -(need help?)  02:55, 17 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I’m not doubting you, but could you please find a site that says it in English or has translations of Coro Coro? Most of us can’t read Japanese. -- WikidSmaht (talk) 04:17, 17 March 2006 (UTC)
 * User talk:69.197.220.129 left this on my talk page which proves that it is HAL.
 * I'm the one who's been editing the Pokémon Ranger with that info, it's true, look at the home page of the game, which is found on the Pokémon Ranger page of this site! --HOL 12:21pm, 17 March 2006

 * Here's the link anyway:http://www.pokemon.co.jp/game/ds/ranger.html

 * Look on the bottom of the page!
 * Well it seems all the American sites are wrong. Jedi6  -(need help?)  00:32, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

nintendo released their entire release date schedule for the rest of 2006 in europe. Pokemon ranger was not on the list so it is assumed it will be a 2007 release.

umm i'm playing the game right now when your turn the game on it says HAL not ambrella.

Regarding Manaphy
According to serebii.net, the Manaphy mission is automatically on North American cartridges! Yay! Adding to article. Sir Chocobo 20:10, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Very sorry, but Coronis has confirmed that the Manaphy mission is not in-game.

Technically, it's there. Otherwise, you wouldn't be able to get Manaphy, period. It's just hidden. Ron Stoppable 10:06, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

According to Pokemon USA and a statement released by them on December 15, 2007, It is possible to obtain a Manaphy egg on Pokemon Ranger through a ranger net mission. This mission is unlockabale with a password Pokemon USA saind it would release to the public sometime before the month of December ended. As of Janunary 1st the code has not beeen released yet. Once the Ranger has the egg, it can be traded to Diamond and Pearl via wirless with two Nintendo DS. The Offical Pokemon Website

Trading
Is trading between Pokemon Ranger and Pokemon Diamond and Pearl possible? -- Lord Crayak
 * Only the Manaphy egg can be traded to D/P. --Sonic Mew 21:53, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't believe so. What would the point be of having Celebi, Mew and Deoxys missions if you can't trade with D/P?  unless you can trade with GBA games...-- A c1983fan(yell at me) 13:44, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

Ranger Net Passwords?
http://www.serebiiforums.com/showthread.php?t=166217

I doubted it at first, but then three people testified to it, so I'm pretty sure it's legit. But I just can't push all those buttons at the same time. Can anyone else confirm this? Sincerely, Thrashmeister {U|T|C} 02:04, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I tried it, and it works. By the way, it's X, Y, and A. The password screen has uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and symbols, and apparently you put in three groups of four characters.Ron Stoppable 10:10, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

I tried it just now on my cartridge, by pressing (and holding) the buttons listed in the article n the order they are listed: L, R, A, X, and Y. Now, I'm almost entirely sire (but not 100%) that the screen saying that "Enter Password" had been entered appeared after I had pressed X, but before I had pressed Y; this would make the code L, R, A, and X simultaneously (while holding D-left, of course). Now, I can't test it again without starting and playing through an entirely new game, so if someone else could personally check, that would be great.~e.o.t.d~ 01:56, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

I Tried it on My Pokemon Ranger (The Wikipedia way) and it worked. The Pokemon Manaphy mini-website relesased a news report on how to make the Code Bank screen appear on Ranger Net with Pictures AmericanAtl 17:01 13 January 2007 (UTC)

Team Snagem?
"An Army group (Go-Rock Squad, Team Snagem, and the egg from Pokémon Ranger and the Prince of the Sea (Manaphy) make appearances in the game."

Team Snagem? Where exactly does Team Snagem appear in the game? I've watched a video of the Manaphy mission too, Team Snagem isn't anywhere in that video, it's just the Go-Rock Squad. I'm removing the part about Team Snagem until someone can give verification on this. Sincerely, Thrashmeister {U|T|C} 23:08, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

Japanese Release Date = Wrong?
I was at the official Japanese web site for thr 9th Pokémon movie, and I was playing this quiz-kind of game. There seems to be one question that asks on which date the game mentioned in the article was released (at least in Japan, seeing that that is a Japanese web site anyway...), and the following were given as choices: March 10th, March 14, and March 23rd. However, the article states that the game was released on the 22nd of March instead. So who got it wrong: the official site (unlikely), us Wikipedia, or is it just me...? --A.K.R. 14:08, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

European Release Date
Is there an error with the Q1 2007 release date information? I bought a copy at my local games store today (1/12/06), and I live in the UK... Colds7ream 16:27, 1 December 2006 (UTC)
 * What colour is the case? If it's black then you've bought an imported version of the game.  (There's no region locking on the DS.) --Sonic Mew 17:16, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
 * It is indeed black - thanks, that's sorted that out. Colds7ream 22:18, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

Manaphy Code Confirmation?
Can anyone give a source for the Manaphy Egg Code? Sir Chocobo 01:38, 19 December 2006 (UTC) -- M C Y 1008 01:55, 19 December 2006 (UTC)
 * On Pokemon.com, in the Ranger section (click the button that says "Pokémon Ranger"), one of the entries is "Manaphy Makes Its Appearance!" On the second page of that, it says: "Check back later this month for more details on the Manaphy egg mission, including the secret code needed to unlock the special Manaphy mission!"
 * I meant the code that was posted here, but it looks like it's been taken down anyway. Sir Chocobo 11:28, 19 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Darn. Well, I can't acess the password, anyway, without borrowing my brother's DS, because the R button on mine doesn't work! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Luigifan (talk • contribs) 19:44, 18 January 2007 (UTC).
 * Well, I got a DS Lite. Now, how do I get into that password screen?  --Luigifan 00:09, 19 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Never mind, I saw it in another section. --Luigifan 00:10, 19 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Whoa, I just finished the Manaphy mission... and let me tell you, the ending of that mission fulfills a statement from the ending of the main game. However, I'm not saying anything more than that -- you guys will just have to play the mission for yourselves!  --Luigifan 01:07, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

Browser?
Should the Pokemon Ranger page have browser information? Info for all Pokemon is just a suggestion, but info for the legendaries (except Manaphy) could be added easily. Should this info be added? I have most of the Pokemon's info.
 * Not to brag, but I have all the Pokémon Browser data. However, I think that we should let players acquire the data for themselves.  --Luigifan 19:46, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
 * No: the Browser info is equivalent to the Pokédex info of the main games, and do you see those entries anywhere on the main page for the games? If it belongs anywhere, it should go on the Pokémon's individual pages, and even that can be debated.~e.o.t.d~ 23:43, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

Yeah, adding it all onto a page would be way too much. BTW dude, not to brag, but I have all the browser data, have beaten all the arena challenge records, beaten the entire game including ranger net, got the manaphy egg and maxed out my styler level......but not to brag. :)

Jungle Relic
I don't think those are Kyogre markings, considering the fact that You get to see Groudon there... Xparasite9 22:18, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Of all the days I didn't bring my DS to college ;-). I'll check that out tonight for you - Interestingly I was going to "correct" you on who you encounter at the relic (I originally thought it was Rayquaza) but that was at the temple North of Wintown, I usually get those two locations mixed up ;-). --Phill talk Edits Review this GA review! 14:59, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

Balls!
"The game is notable for being the first game in the Pokémon RPG series that doesn't involve the use of Pokéballs to capture Pokémon."

this is wrong, pokemon snap! did not have any use of pokeballs and was released way before this game!

 * Pokémon snap doesn't are RPG, but Mystery Dungeon are!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

Sequel
The paragraph called Sequel is outdated...

typo
flygon is the boss of the air challenge

Endemism
"Fiore itself doesn't have any native Pokémon, but has many Pokémon from other regions."

Endemic would be a more appropriate word than native.

Ninquelótë (talk) 20:04, 26 June 2010 (UTC)

Plot in Gameplay section
Errr. Half of the Gameplay section is talking about the plot. Blake (Talk·Edits) 01:50, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Pokémon Ranger


text:
Klösterle

Klösterle may refer to:
 * Klášterec nad Ohří, a town in the Czech Republic known in German as Klösterle an der Eger
 * Klášterec nad Orlicí, a village in the Czech Republic known in German as Klösterle an der Adler
 * Klösterle, Austria, a town in the district of Bludenz in Vorarlberg in Austria

title: Klösterle


text: Category:Transpersonal psychology

title: Category:Transpersonal psychology


text:
Talk:RUC

REGISTRO UNICO AL CONTRIBUYENTE

title: Talk:RUC


text:
International Association for Near-Death Studies

The International Association for Near-Death Studies (IANDS) is a nonprofit organization based in Durham, North Carolina in the United States, associated with near-death studies. The Association was founded in the US in 1981, in order to study and provide information on the phenomena of the near death experience (NDE). Today it has grown into an international organization, which includes a network of more than 50 local interest groups, and approximately 1,200 members worldwide. Local chapters, and support groups, are established in major U.S cities. IANDS also supports and assists near-death experiencers (NDErs) and people close to them. In one of its publications the organization has formulated its vision as one of building "global understanding of near-death and near-death-like experiences through research, education, and support".

History
The organization was originally known as the Association for the Scientific Study of Near-Death Phenomena. This group was founded by researchers John Audette, Bruce Greyson, Kenneth Ring and Michael Sabom in 1978. The first president of this association was John Audette, who later served as executive director. In 1981 the organization changed its name to the International Association for Near-Death Studies (also known as IANDS). A headquarter was established in Connecticut, and was affiliated with the University of Connecticut, Storrs. Offices were administered by Nancy Evans Bush, who later served as executive director, and president.

Past presidents of IANDS also include researchers Kenneth Ring and Bruce Greyson, who served as Presidents in the early 1980s. The presidencies of Ring and Greyson (1981–83) marked the beginning of professional research on the topic of NDE's, leading up to the establishment of the Journal of Near-Death Studies in 1982. Greyson later served as director of research at IANDS. During the presidency of John Alexander, in 1984, the organization held its first research conference in Farmington (CT).

Elizabeth Fenske took over the presidency from John Alexander in 1986, and was involved in the relocation of the main office to Philadelphia in the late 1980s. The end of the decade also marked a period of outreach for IANDS. Local branches were established in major U.S cities, and the first national IANDS conference was held at Rosemont College (PA) in 1989. By the early nineties Nancy Evans Bush had taken over as president of the association. In the period from 1992 to 2008 IANDS-offices were administered by external service providers.

In 2008, during the presidency of Diane Corcoran, the organization established its current headquarter in Durham, North Carolina. Later activity includes development of the IANDS website, and continued maintenance of support groups and members.

Publications and archives
IANDS is responsible for the publishing of the Journal of Near-Death Studies,   originally known as "Anabiosis". The only scholarly journal in the field of Near-Death Studies. It is peer-reviewed, and is published quarterly.

Another publication is the quarterly newsletter Vital Signs, first published in 1981. The organization also maintains an archive of near-death case histories for research and study.

Conferences
IANDS arranges conferences on the topic of Near-death Experiences. The conferences are held in major U.S cities, almost annually. The first meeting was a medical seminar at Yale University, New Haven (CT) in 1982. This was followed by the first clinical conference in Pembroke Pines (FL), and the first research conference in Farmington (CT) in 1984. Each conference is usually defined by the formulation of a conference theme. In 2004 the conference theme was "Creativity from the light".

The organization also collaborates with academic locations in regard to hosting conferences. In 2001 the IANDS conference was held at Seattle Pacific University. In 2006 IANDS collaborated with University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, which became the first medical institution to host the annual IANDS conference. The papers from the conference were later compiled and published in The handbook of near-death experiences: thirty years of investigation

In 2013 the conference was held in Arlington, Virginia, and the theme was "Loss, Grief, and the Discovery of Hope: Stories and Studies from Near-Death Experiences." The 2014 conference was held in Newport Beach (Calif.) and gathered the attention from the newspaper The Epoch Times, which produced several reports from the meeting.


text:
Sceloporus magister

Sceloporus magister, also known as the desert spiny lizard, is a lizard species of the family Phrynosomatidae, native to the Chihuahuan Desert and Sonoran Desert of North America.

Geographic range
In the United States it is found in the states of Arizona, California, Texas, New Mexico, Nevada, and Utah. It is also found in the Mexican states of Sonora, Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Durango.

Description
An adult male desert spiny lizard usually have conspicuous blue/violet patches on the belly and throat, and a green/blue color on their tails and sides. Females and juveniles have large combined dark spots on their back and belly areas, and the blue/violet and green/blue coloring is absent. Both sexes have brownish/yellow triangular spots on their shoulders. A female desert spiny lizard will lay anywhere from 4 to 24 eggs during the summertime. A fully grown desert spiny lizard will reach a body length of up to 5.6 inches. Besides their bright colors, the desert spiny lizard changes to darker colors during the winter to allow them to absorb more heat from the sunshine, and become lighter during the summer to reflect the Sun's radiation. It is frequently seen doing push-ups, pushing its body up and down, as a form of territorial display. The first recorded case of Leukemia in the family Phrynosomatidae was found in this species.

Distribution
The desert spiny lizard ranges across the deserts of southern Arizona and the northeastern plateaus at elevations ranging from near sea level along the Colorado River to about 5,000 feet.

Behavior
Like many desert lizards, desert spiny lizards adjust their internal temperature by changing color so they are darker during cool times, which allows them to absorb more heat from the sun, and become lighter during warm times so they reflect more solar radiation. The desert spiny lizard also uses camouflage so it is not so easily seen by predators.

Usually, during the morning hours, it will be out basking in the sun on rocks or any hard surface that is in direct sunlight, but like many desert reptiles, it will seek shelter, usually underground in burrows or any suitable cover that provides shade, during the hottest part of the day in the summertime, as shade provides cooler temperatures than on the ground's surface. It hibernates in late fall and during the cold months of winter before re-emerging in spring.

Habitat
Biotic communities including Sonoran Desertscrub, Great Basin Desertscrub, Semidesert Grassland, Interior Chaparral, and woodlands are home to this lizard. It is usually encountered on lower slopes, bajadas, plains, and low valleys, often in the branches of trees or in the vicinity of ground cover such as wood piles, rock piles, and pack rat nests. The desert spiny lizard is a primarily arboreal species that prefer cottonwood, yucca, Joshua trees, and ironwood.

Diet
The desert spiny lizard feeds on a variety of insects including ants, beetles, and caterpillars. It also feeds on spiders, centipedes, and small lizards.

Subspecies
Four subspecies of Sceloporus magister, including the nominate race, are recognized.
 * S. m. bimaculosus Phelan & Brattstrom, 1955
 * S. m. cephaloflavus W. Tanner, 1955
 * S. m. magister Hallowell, 1854
 * S. m. transversus Phelan & Brattstrom, 1955

Sceloporus magister monserratensis (Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1921) was elevated to a species (Sceloporus monserratensis) by herpetologist Ernest A. Liner in 1994.

Sceloporus magister uniformis was elevated to species status in 2006 (Sceloporus uniformis), when genetic analysis revealed that it is sufficiently distinct to merit classification as its own species.

title: Sceloporus magister


text:
Laurie Brett

Laurie Brett (born 28 March 1969) is a Scottish actress, best known for her roles as Jane Beale in the BBC One soap opera EastEnders and Christine Mulgrew in the BBC One drama series Waterloo Road.

Early and personal life
Brett was born in Hamilton, Lanarkshire, and studied at the London Studio Centre. She is fluent in Spanish. Brett has admitted to being a "wild child" in her youth and drinking heavily for 20 years.

Brett speaks with a Scottish accent; however, on moving to London, she adopted a London accent – fitting for her EastEnders role. She says she has always had a "knack" with accents and has admitted that prior to appearing in Waterloo Road speaking with a Scottish accent became very handy when people would ask if she was Jane from EastEnders. She has admitted that when asked that question she would then reply in her native Scottish accent and people then assumed they were mistaken.

Brett was in a relationship with musician Dave Evans for six years. The couple met on a blind date in 2001 and later got engaged; however, the relationship ended in 2007.. Brett revealed in January 2011 that she was pregnant with her first child. She gave birth to Erin Anne Millie Brett in May 2011.

Career
Young Brett enjoyed drama in her youth, but she needed  an Equity Card to be a paid professional actress in the UK, she replied to an advert in The Stage and joined Circo Magico Italiano, a travelling circus, at the age of 17 in Mexico and Central America

Her first television role was as the officer manager in London's Burning (1993). She later appeared in The Bill in two roles: as Emma Gilmore (1996) and Irene Murray (1998), and also in My Hero (2002) playing a female customer. . On her return, she appeared in various productions on London's West End Stage, including playing a prostitute in Les Misérables, appeared in the UK Tour of The Rocky Horror Show as Magenta, starring alongside Jason Donovan as Frank, and appeared in the musical Smokey Joe's Cafe.

After being spotted in Les Misérables by EastEnders casting director Kat Collins, she was given the part of Jane Beale. She made her first appearance in June 2004, and initially signed a three-year contract, renewed in 2007. In 2010, she signed a further one-year contract. She also appeared as Jane in the 2010 spin-off series EastEnders: E20. In May 2011, Brett left the soap briefly on maternity leave. It was revealed that she would return to her role in November 2011. In January 2012, her character departed from EastEnders. Brett briefly reprised her role in January 2014, and returned permanently later in November. Brett departed EastEnders again in 2017; her final episode aired on 23 October 2017. Brett reprised the role for a short stint seven years later, with Jane making an unannounced return on 15 July 2024.

On 15 March 2012, it was announced Brett would be joining the BBC's ongoing drama Waterloo Road as Christine Mulgrew, a new English teacher hired by headmaster Michael Byrne (Alec Newman). For the first time in Brett's career, she spoke in her native accent as the show had relocated to Scotland. Brett's character then took over as acting headteacher at the end of the eighth series and was appointed as permanent headteacher at the beginning of series 9. Brett continued to appear in Waterloo Road in the second half of series 9, despite her return to EastEnders. Brett confirmed via Twitter that she will continue filming on Waterloo Road in late spring 2014 and stayed in the role until the show ended.

On 24 December 2018, Brett took part in a one-off celebrity special of All Together Now, and was crowned winner after receiving a score of 92. In January 2020, Brett starred as DC Gemma Darlington in the C4 crime drama Deadwater Fell. Then in 2022, she joined the cast of the BBC drama series Shetland.

title: Laurie Brett


text:
Matt Cedeño

Matt Cedeño (born November 14, 1973) is an American actor and former male fashion model, known for his roles as Brandon Walker on the NBC daytime soap opera Days of Our Lives (1999-2005), Alejandro Rubio in the Lifetime primetime comedy-drama Devious Maids (2013-2014), Vasquez on Syfy comedy horror Z Nation (2015–16), and The Highest in the BET+ soap opera Ruthless.

Personal life
Cedeño was born in Moses Lake, Washington, to an Afro-Cuban father and an Irish-English mother. He became a model doing gigs in Milan, Spain, New York and Los Angeles, which Cedeno juggled, along with academics, until he finished school. Cedeño married Erica Franco on July 31, 2009, and their son, Jaxson Cruz, was born on August 7, 2013. They welcomed their daughter, Aviana Jaselle on April 28, 2018.

Career
Cedeño is known for his role as Brandon Walker on the NBC daytime soap opera Days of Our Lives from 1999 to 2005. He has been nominated three years in a row for an ALMA award as Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama for his work as Walker on Days of our Lives. He played a young boxer in the 2000 feature film Price of Glory (Jimmy Smits plays the same character years later). He guest-starred on Boy Meets World, CSI: Miami, It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, and The Mentalist.

Cedeño appeared on the one hundredth episode of ABC comedy-drama series Desperate Housewives as Umberto Rothwell, the gay husband of Edie Britt (Nicollette Sheridan). In 2013, he had a recurring role in the Lifetime comedy-drama Devious Maids during season 1 and part of season 2, playing another gay character called Alejandro Rubio. However his character was killed off in season 2.

Cedeño starred in the Syfy television series Z Nation from 2015 to 2016. He had a recurring roles on Oprah Winfrey Network prime time soap opera Ambitions and Starz drama Power. In 2020, Cedeño was cast in the BET+ soap opera Ruthless, a show about a religious sex cult.

In 2023, Cedeño starred as Valentino in the Netflix Christmas-themed film Best. Christmas. Ever! alongside Brandy, Heather Graham and Jason Biggs.

title: Matt Cedeño


text:
Chen Din Hwa

Chen Din-hwa (1923 – 17 June 2012) was a Hong Kong industrial tycoon, billionaire and philanthropist. He was known as the "King of Cotton Yarn" in Hong Kong.

Life and career
Chen was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang, Republic of China in 1923. His family was poor and he left school at the age of 12 to serve as an apprentice to a silk merchant. His father was reportedly a Shanghai-based industrialist, mainly in textiles. When Chen was 22 years old, he was already chief manager of his family business and owned several shops and factories in Shanghai and Ningbo. In 1949, Chen's family shifted to Hong Kong and set up in business there. He set up a successful cotton-yarn maker called Nan Fung Mill.

In 1954, he established Nan Fung Textiles, becoming chairman, and Nan Fung Development Limited. The company also developed interests in shipping.

When diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2009, Chen handed over control of his business to his younger daughter Vivien Chen, who had been part of the business since 1981. In 2010, his wife Yang Foo Oi and elder daughter Angela, a trained architect who lived in the United States and now in Hong Kong, sued younger daughter Vivian, alleging that Chen was misled into transferring assets to a trust fund controlled by Vivian. Yang divorced him in 2011.

Chen died on 17 June 2012 at the age of 89, reportedly of prostate cancer. At his death he was ranked by Forbes as the 14th wealthiest person in Hong Kong, with a net worth of US$2.6 billion, though earlier in his career he had been among the top ten.

Family and personal life
Chen was married to Yang Foo Oi until 2011, when the couple divorced. They had two daughters. As a devout Buddhist, Chen founded the eponymous D.H. Chen Foundation, which provides charity services in education, welfare and medicine.

title: Chen Din Hwa


text:
Millefleur

Millefleur, millefleurs or mille-fleur (French mille-fleurs, literally "thousand flowers") refers to a background style of many different small flowers and plants, usually shown on a green ground, as though growing in grass. It is essentially restricted to European tapestry during the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance, from about 1400 to 1550, but mainly about 1480–1520. The style had a notable revival by Morris & Co. in 19th century England, being used on original tapestry designs, as well as illustrations from his Kelmscott Press publications. The millefleur style differs from many other styles of floral decoration, such as the arabesque, in that many different sorts of individual plants are shown, and there is no regular pattern. The plants fill the field without connecting or significantly overlapping. In that it also differs from the plant and floral decoration of Gothic page borders in illuminated manuscripts.

There is also a rather different style known as millefleur in Indian carpets from about 1650 to 1800.

In the 15th century, an elaborate glass making technique was developed. See Millefiori, Murano glass and other glassmakers make pieces, particularly paper weights, that use the motif.

Tapestries
In the millefleur style the plants are dispersed across the field on a green background representing grass, to give the impression of a flowery meadow, and cover evenly the whole decorated field. At the time they were called verdures in French. They are mostly flowering plants shown as a whole, and in flower, with the coloration of the flowers of a distinct brightness compared to the usually darker background. Many are recognizable as specific species, with varying degrees of realism, but accuracy does not seem to be the point of the depiction. Neither are the flowering plants used to create perspective or depth of field. There are very often animals and sometimes human figures dispersed around the field, often rather small in relation to the plants, and at a similar size to each other, whatever their relative sizes in reality.

The tapestries usually include large figures whose meaning is not always apparent, which seems to derive from the division of labour under the guild system, so that the weavers were obliged to repeat figure designs by members of the painters' guild, but could design the backgrounds themselves. Such was the case in Brussels at any rate, after a lawsuit between the two groups in 1476. The subjects are generally secular, but there are some religious survivals.

Millefleur style was most popular in late 15th and early 16th century French and Flemish tapestry, with the best known examples including The Lady and the Unicorn and The Hunt of the Unicorn. These are from what has been called the "classic" period, where each "bouquet" or plant is individually designed, improvised by the weavers as they worked, while later tapestries, probably mostly made in Brussels, usually have mirror images of plants on the right and left sides of the piece, suggesting a cartoon re-used twice. The precise origin of the pieces has been much argued about, but the only surviving example whose original payment can be traced was a large heraldic millefleur carpet made for Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy in Brussels, part of which is now in the Bern Historical Museum.

The beginnings of the style may be seen in earlier tapestries. The famous Apocalypse Tapestry series (Paris, 1377–82) has several backgrounds covered in vegetal motifs, but these are springing from tendrils in the way of illuminated manuscript borders. In fact most of the very large sets do not fully use the style, with the meadow of flowers extending right to the top of the picture space. The early Devonshire Hunting Tapestries (1420s) have naturalistic landscape backgrounds, seen from a somewhat elevated viewpoint, so that the lower two-thirds or so of each scene has a millefleur background, but this gives way to forest or sea and sky at the top of the tapestry. The Justice of Trajan and Herkinbald (about 1450) and most of The Hunt of the Unicorn set (about 1500) are similar. From the main period, each tapestry in The Lady and the Unicorn set has three distinct zones of millefleur background: the island containing the figures, where the plants are densely arranged, an upper background zone where they are arranged in vertical bands, and accompany animals at very varied scales, and a lower zone where a single row of plants have slight gaps between them.

During the 1800s, the millefleur style was revived and incorporated into numerous tapestry designs by Morris & Co. The company's Pomona (1885) and The Achievement of the Grail (1895–96) tapestries demonstrate an adherence to the medieval millefleur style. Other tapestries such as their The Adoration of the Magi (1890) and The Failure of Sir Gawain (c. 1890s) use the style more liberally, borrowing the flowers' often flat, splayed appearance, but overlapping them and using them as part of a landscape and not as a purely decorative backdrop. The Adoration of the Magi was one of the company's most popular designs, with ten versions woven between 1890 and 1907.

Indian carpets
The term is also used to describe north Indian carpets, originally of the late Mughal era in the late 17th and 18th century. However these have large numbers of small flowers in repeating units, often either springing unrealistically from long-ranging twisting stems, or arranged geometrically in repeating bunches or clusters. In this they are essentially different from the irregularly arranged whole plant style of European tapestries, and closer to arabesque styles. The flowers springing from the same stem may be of completely different colours and types. There are two broad groups, one directional and more likely to show whole plants (an early version is the upper illustration), and one not directional and often just showing stems and flowers.

They appear to have been manufactured in Kashmir and present-day Pakistan. They reflect a combination of European influences and underlying Persian-Mughal decorative tradition, and a trend for smaller elements in designs. The style, or styles, were later adopted by Persian weavers, especially for prayer rugs, up to about 1900.

Millefiori decoration uses the Italian version of the same word, but is a different style, restricted to glass.

Other appearances
The millefleur style is sometimes used liberally in Sir Edward Burne-Jones' illustrations for the Kelmscott Press publications, such in as his frontispiece to The Wood Beyond the World (1894).

Millefleur are used in artist Leon Coward's mural The Happy Garden of Life which appeared in the 2016 sci-fi movie 2BR02B: To Be or Naught to Be. The flowers in the mural were adapted and redesigned from those in The Unicorn in Captivity from The Hunt of the Unicorn tapestry series, as part of the mural's religious allusions.

title: Millefleur


text:
Copernic

Copernic Inc. is a company based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, producer of Copernic Desktop Search and Copernic Server Search, desktop search software for home and business, running on Microsoft Windows. There is a free edition and paid editions with free trial.

History
Mamma.com was launched in July 1996 by Herman Tumurcuoglu in Montreal, Canada. It was one of the web's first tier 2 metasearch engines.

Copernic Technologies Inc. was incorporated In July, 1996, under the name Agents Technology, Inc.

On December 22, 2005, Mamma.com completed its acquisition of Copernic Technologies Inc., a search technology company founded in July 1996 in Quebec City and maker of the desktop search utility Copernic Desktop Search. In the preceding fiscal year Copernic had a revenue of about $5.9 million and an EBITDA of about $1.8 million; Mamma.com paid $15.9 million and issued 2,380,000 common shares.

On June 8, 2007, Mamma.com Inc. changed its name to Copernic Inc., received a new stock symbol CNIC, (effective June 14, 2007), and launched its new corporate website.

On November 17, 2008, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission announced that it had charged Mark Cuban with insider trading. It was alleged that he directed his broker to sell his entire 600,000 shares of stock in the company to avoid losses in excess of $750,000 based on insider information.

On June 30, 2009, Copernic completed the sale of Mamma.com and its third party Ad Net to Empresario, a privately owned digital media network based in Chicago Illinois. Transaction took place as planned by the two companies and will allow Copernic to reflect the details in their Q2 report. The company proceeded to this sale in order to focus the company on new product offers.

On November 4, 2010, Copernic entered into an arrangement agreement with N. Harris Computer Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Constellation Software Inc.

Support for myCopernic on the Go!, Copernic Agent web metasearch ended on January 31, 2014.

Copernic Online Backup is no longer announced.

title: Copernic


text:
North Kitsap School District

North Kitsap School District 400 is the school district serving the northern portion of Kitsap County, including the communities of Poulsbo, Keyport, Port Gamble, Hansville, Indianola, Suquamish, and Kingston, Washington.

Poulsbo Schools
Poulsbo is home to a handful of elementary schools, two middle schools, and two high schools.

The elementary schools located in Poulsbo include Pearson Elementary, Poulsbo Elementary and Vinland Elementary; the secondary schools include Poulsbo Middle School, North Kitsap High School, and Kingston High School.

North Kitsap High School
North Kitsap High School finished undergoing renovations in spring 2009, and now provides students with a beautiful campus that features a brand new cafeteria, repaved walkways, landscaping and decorative touches, trees and other plants, and more. There are currently 74 teachers and three counselors. The school is home to about 1,100 students.

Kingston Schools
Kingston is home to many public schools such as Wolfle Elementary, Gordon Elementary, Kingston Middle School, Kingston High School and Spectrum Community School. These are all a part of North Kitsap School District.

Richard Gordon Elementary
Richard F. Gordon Elementary School is a Kindergarten through 5th grade public school in Kingston, Washington. Richard Gordon Elementary is the location of the regular and two additional programs that students from the North Kitsap School District can attend. The school is named after NASA astronaut Richard F. Gordon, an alumnus of nearby North Kitsap High School, who orbited the Moon in 1969 on Apollo 12.

Options
Options is a parent involved, alternative learning program for grades K-8. It is currently located at Wolfle Elementary. There is a large drama component, including multiple student plays each year. The Options program was founded in 1989.

Wolfle Elementary
David H. Wolfle is a Kindergarten through 5th grade public school in Kingston, Washington. It is the location of the Options program.

Kingston Middle School
Kingston Middle School is a middle school located in Kingston, Washington. Located on West Kingston Road, the school was established in 1990. The school has sixth, seventh, and eighth grade classes. In 2007, this school was changed from a junior high into a middle school.

Kingston High School
Kingston High School is a public high school in Kingston, Washington. The school opened as the second High school in the North Kitsap School District. The school enrolls students grades 9-12.

Suquamish Schools
Suquamish is home to one elementary school. Suquamish Elementary is the only school in this region of the North Kitsap School District.

title: North Kitsap School District


text:
Philip (satrap)

Philip (Φίλιππος; died 318 BC) was satrap of Sogdiana. He was first appointed to this position by Alexander the Great in 327 BC. He retained his post, as did most of the satraps of the more remote provinces, in the arrangements which followed the death of the king in 323 BC; but in the subsequent partition at Triparadisus in 321 BC, he was assigned the government of Parthia instead. Here he remained until 318 BC, when Peithon, who was then seeking to establish his power over all the provinces of the East, put Philip to death and appointed his brother Eudemus as satrap of Parthia.

title: Philip (satrap)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/BLOGHORREA

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 16:47, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

BLOGHORREA
Delete this protologism, please. Angr/undefined 18:26, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. neologism. Andrew pmk | Talk 18:38, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, this ain't Urban Dictionary.   [  +t,  +c ,  +m  ] 23:03, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. linas 23:50, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom --Rogerd 12:18, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Growlcomic

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  14:39, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Growlcomic
Webcomic, according to List of webcomics has been around for, what, under 2 weeks? - Hahnchen 18:26, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NN. -- SCZenz 22:47, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom --Rogerd 12:18, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Obvious delete. -Sean Curtin 05:07, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete TerraFrost 04:53, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Clear-cut case. - A Man In Black (conspire | past ops) 18:22, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:82.13.137.129

title: User talk:82.13.137.129


text: User talk:84.161.73.21

title: User talk:84.161.73.21


text:
Oslo Graben

The Oslo Graben or Oslo Rift is a graben formed during a geologic rifting event in Permian time, the last phase of the Variscan orogeny. The main graben forming period began in the late Carboniferous, which culminated with rift formation and volcanism, with associated rhomb porphyry lava flows. This activity was followed by uplifting, and ended with intrusions about 65 million years after the onset of the formation. It is located in the area around the Norwegian capital Oslo.

The lava production was high when the rhomb porphyry lavas were deposited. The lavas reflect a period of abundant earthquake-related movements, when tectonic forces tore the crust apart.

In the Vestfold district, one lava flow was deposited on average every 250,000 years, resulting in a 3000-metre thick sequence of mainly volcanic material. In the Oslo area, lavas were deposited on average every 800,000 years. Only a few plant remains have been found between these lavas. The bedrock in this area, roughly from Skien to Oslo and Mjøsa, results in soil rich in nutrients important for plant growth.

Since the Permian, erosion has removed the volcanic peaks and indeed most of the lava layer and laid bare the magma chambers and volcanic pipes deep below, allowing scientist a rare view of what goes on beneath a rift valley. Several of the old magma plumes are now quarried, the rich black larvikite (named from Larvik, a town south of Oslo) being one.

The Särna alkaline complex in western Sweden, also of Late Carboniferous age, is thought to be related to the Oslo Graben as it is aligned to it.

title: Oslo Graben


text:
Trans-Oceanic

The Trans-Oceanic (abbreviated T/O) was a brand of portable radios produced from 1941 to 1981 by Zenith Radio. They were characterized by heavy-duty, high-quality construction and their performance as shortwave receivers.

History
Zenith's founder, Lieutenant Commander Eugene F. McDonald, was a great admirer of advancing technology and believed that his company should include the latest, most practical advances in a sturdy product that would to enhance the company's reputation. Of the many products of Zenith Radio, the 'Trans-Oceanic' series of portable radios were among the most famous.

McDonald was a keen yachtsman and outdoorsman and wished for a portable radio that would provide entertainment broadcasts as well as being able to tune into weather, marine and international shortwave stations. He asked his company's engineers to develop prototypes to meet his criteria and by 1940 they had concept sets that were ready for production.

The Trans-Oceanic remains popular among collectors and non-collectors alike. A cult-like following has developed around the receivers, with earlier tube or valve versions prized by radio collectors, resulting in the availability of many working models and replacement parts.

7G605/8G005Y series
The Zenith 'T/O' began life in October 1941 with the production of the Model 7G605 'Trans-ocean Clipper'. Priced at $75, it was introduced in January 1942 but ceased production in April 1942 as Zenith shifted their production to war-related equipment. During this short production run, some 35,000 units were produced and sales data showed that many were sold to customers in the 'above average' income group. However, many also found their way into various theatres of war and in to the hands of appreciative servicemen—demand for a resumption of production at war's end was kept high. The first run of approximately 10,000 units had a sailboat-embroidered speaker grille, but after the Pearl Harbor attack, the patriotic Commander ordered the grille cloth changed to depict a bomber vaguely resembling a Boeing B-17 bomber. The T/O was a dual-powered radio receiver; it could operate from electrical service AC or DC and via a pair of "A" and "B" dry cell batteries for portability. The batteries are obsolete but the early T/O models live on either due to the ability to use AC line or a battery made of modern cells (6 Ds for the "A" power and 10 9 volt transistor batteries for "B") or an inverter. The 7G605 used seven tubes: 117ZG6, 3Q5, 1LE3, 1LN5, 1LA6, 1LN5, and 1LD5. Zenith used a selenium rectifier on later versions of the T/O, replacing rectifier tubes used on the earlier models. Inserting the power plug into a socket on the chassis or the side of the radio (depending on model) switched the T/O to battery operation.

The first post-war T/O was the 8G005Y, designed by Robert Davol Budlong, an industrial design consultant responsible for many of the Zenith radio products. Priced at $125, it was in production from 1946 to 1949 in several variants. Total produced, 110,000. The 8G005Y used eight tubes, (2) 1LN5, 1LA6, 1LD5, 1LE3, (2) 1LB4, and 117Z6.

500 series
The 8G005Y was replaced in December 1949 by the G500—a 'changeover' model that had updated electronics using miniature tubes but the same appearance. The G500 held its price at less than $100 until it was withdrawn in mid-1951. Total production for the G500 was 90,000. The H500 'Super Trans-Oceanic' was introduced in May 1951 at an initial price of $99.95. It had a redesigned front face and incorporated many frequency coverage and electronic changes ordered by McDonald. There were 245,000 H-500s sold. The 500 series models used five tubes: a 3V4, 1U5, (2) 1U4, and 1L6.

There also was a production run in 1953-54, of 27,218 "militarized" H-500's, designated R-520/URR, ordered by the U.S. government for the Korean conflict. This set added a sixth tube, the 50A1, to eliminate power fluctuations.

600 series
After 1953, there was competition to the Trans-Oceanic from both Hallicrafters, with their 'Trans-World' series sets, and RCA, with their 'Strato-World' models. In the spring of 1954, the 600 series was introduced with its 'slide-rule' type dial and a mains supply cord which coils inside the set on a spring-loaded reel. This model stayed in production, with minor changes, until the end of the T/O tube era in 1962. This "600" series used several letters to denote minor changes: L600 in 1954, R600 in 1955, T600 for 1955-56, Y600 for 1956-57, A600 for 1958, and B600 for 1959-62. Production for the 600 series was 270,000. The 600 series used six tubes: (2) 1U4, 1L6, 1L5, 3V4, and 50A1.

For a second time, there was a very small production run in 1956-57, of 2,973 "militarized" 600's, designated R-520A/URR, ordered by the U.S. government. Some of these were reportedly air dropped in small numbers during the Bay of Pigs invasion. Zenith was contracted to build 250 containers for this purpose. It is rumored that Fidel Castro made one his personal radio for years afterwards.

During the tube or valve T/O model run, this receiver did not include an 88-108 MHz FM radio band. Eugene McDonald died in 1958, but he was personally involved in the design changes to 'his' radio to the very end. In November 1957, Zenith introduced the all-new, nine transistor solid state Trans-Oceanic. The older tube-based Trans-Oceanic was continued in production until 1962.

Royal 1000/3000 series
In November 1957 the first of several transistorized Trans-Oceanics was introduced, the Royal 1000. As had always been the case, Commander E. McDonald helped in the design of the 1000. This was his last endeavor in the Trans-Oceanic radio before he died soon after its introduction. The Royal 1000 had the same frequency coverage as the A/B 600 series tube Trans-Oceanics with the addition of the 13/meter band. The new Royal 1000 also had an all-metal cabinet design with the front cover opening to the down position. The log chart was located inside the flip-down door. Very early Royal 1000s sported a genuine leather covering marked as such. Another first for portable radios was the unique dial scale used in the 1000 and later series of Trans-Oceanics. The 1000 was designed with a cylinder dial scale that would rotate with the band switch allowing only that particular band scale to show. Soon after the introduction of the 1000 model, a second model, the Royal 1000D, added the LW band covering 150 kHz through 405 kHz just below the AM broadcast band. There were also slight cosmetic differences to distinguish the two models. Production totals for the Royal 1000 are estimated at 170,000. Anthony J. Cascarano was the primary designer of the Royal 1000/1000D cabinets. In 1962 the Royal 3000 was added and the 1000D eliminated while the 1000 remained in production through the 1968 model year. The 3000 added the FM broadcast band and eliminated the 13-meter band. Along with a few cosmetic differences, there wasn't much difference electrically between the new model and earlier 1000 series models aside from the addition of the FM subchassis and IF transformers. The 3000 used many of the same cabinet parts as the 1000/1000D, but required a bulging back cover to accommodate the additional parts used for FM.

Early 1000s and 1000Ds were battery-only with no provision for external power. This was considered acceptable because the battery life was much better than the tube-type models. 8 ordinary D cells would operate the radio for >500 hours, as opposed to ~150 hours for the tube models and their massive A/B battery. The 3000 was also introduced as battery-only. Later the 1000-1 and 3000-1 models were introduced with provision for an external power using what was one of the first "wall wart" type power supplies - a transformer, rectifier, and filter capacitor in a box with AC line connector that plugged into and hung from the wall socket. Estimated production for the Royal 3000 is 150,000.

Zenith introduced the Royal 2000 Trans-Symphony in 1960, the first AM/FM portable model. In 1963, it introduced the Royal 3000, a Trans-Oceanic with an added FM band.

Royal 7000 series
In 1968 the Royal 7000 series Trans-Oceanic was introduced. The new model sported a completely new look and many improvements over the weaknesses of the earlier 1000/3000 series models. Besides a new look, a BFO was added for SSB/CW reception. Also a wide/narrow filter switch was added for increased selectivity. The 13-meter band was re-introduced along with extended coverage from 1620 kHz through 2000 kHz and the VHF weather band. The electrical design was an improvement in both selectivity and sensitivity, and used modern silicon NPN transistors rather than the previous germanium types. Sound quality was much improved. The internal mechanical design was quite similar to the earlier models, and still used a steel chassis and point-to-point wiring, rather than PC boards. Production of the Royal 7000 is estimated at 130,000.

The last model Trans-Oceanic was the R7000 series introduced in 1979. This model now had complete coverage from 150 kHz through 30 MHz. Gone was the electrical band spread for improved tuning. The R7000 sported a new electrical design using modular circuit boards instead of the point to point hard wired chassis of all previous models. There were many other new features also such as dual tuning meters, squelch and several more bands such as Air, VHF 144 MHz through 175 MHz. The R7000 was built in Chicago for the first year but production was moved to Taiwan for the final two years, while all prior models had been made in the USA.

The new Royal line sold well, around 10,000 per year for the 3 year run but Zenith's lead was steadily eroded. By the time of the release of the 'R7000' in 1979, fierce competition from Sony in Japan—who, with their digital readout tuning dial had, in many ways, a superior product—meant the end of a famous product line.

title: Trans-Oceanic


text:
Personal Best (album)

Personal Best is the first studio album by the American queercore band Team Dresch. It was released on January 23, 1995 by both Candy Ass Records and Chainsaw Records. It was reissued on Jealous Butcher Records in May 2019. The label reissued their entire back catalog in order to help reaffirm the band's legacy as queercore icons.

Recording and release
Personal Best was produced by John Goodmanson and the band and recorded at Avast! in Seattle, Washington, from August 12 to August 16, 1994. As the band's first album, it was released in January 1995 on the singer and guitarist Jody Bleyle's label Candy Ass Records and the bass guitarist Donna Dresch's label Chainsaw Records. The album's title and cover are a reference to the 1982 lesbian-themed film, Personal Best.

Reception
Johnny Histon of Spin praised the album's LGBT lyrical themes, writing that they had never been explored before in rock music. He concluded, "Team Dresch knows that simply being itself and making great music is a political act. On Personal Best they do both."

Retrospectively, Jason Ankeny of AllMusic declared the album a "call to arms" that "explodes on contact", writing, "Of all the punk records to come out of the 1990s, Personal Best comes closest to actually recapturing the sheer passion and rage which originally spawned the movement two decades earlier". He praised how the band "never put their politics ahead of their songs — each of these ten tracks is airtight, with melodies as blistering as the lyrics". The Washington Post writer Chris Richards called Personal Best "a fiery, all-but-forgotten punk masterpiece".

Track listing

 * 1) Fagetarian and Dyke – 2:45
 * 2) Hate the Christian Right! – 2:35
 * 3) She's Crushing My Mind – 1:42
 * 4) Freewheel – 1:39
 * 5) She's Amazing – 3:03
 * 6) Fake Fight – 3:07
 * 7) #1 Chance Pirate TV – 3:04
 * 8) D.A. Don't Care – 2:21
 * 9) Growing up in Springfield – 2:19
 * 10) Screwing Yer Courage – 1:39

Personnel
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.

 * Donna Dresch –  guitar, bass guitar
 * Jody Bleyle –  guitar, bass, vocals
 * Kaia Wilson –  guitar, vocals
 * Marcéo Martinez –  drums

title: Personal Best (album)