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Cəlilabad

Cəlilabad (Jalilabad) (also, Astrakhanka, Astrakhan-Bazar until 1967 ) is a city in and the capital of the Jalilabad District of Azerbaijan. The city is named after Jalil Mammadguluzadeh.

title: Cəlilabad


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Dashkasan (city)

Dashkasan (Daşkəsən, Քարհատ) is a city, municipality and the capital of the Dashkasan District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 10,801. The municipality consists of the city of Dashkasan and the village of Alunitdağ.

Etymology
The official Azerbaijani name of the settlement is Dashkasan, which translated from Azerbaijani means "cutting stone" (Daş - stone, kesan - cut, cut).

In the northeast and south of the city are the former Armenian villages of Upper Karhat and Lower Karhat, whose Azerbaijani names are Yuxarı Daşkasan and Aşağı Daşkasan.

History
Daskasan received the status of a city օn March 16, 1948․

The mountains of Dashkasan were used as pastures for a long time. The most beautiful pastures of the South Caucasus are located here and in Khoshbulag. Khoshbulag was inhabited by the primitive people in the Stone Age whose main engagement was hunting. In the 3rd century B.C. people engaged in animal breeding rose to Khoshbulag pastures. The tradition is followed up today. Dashkasan summer pastures are 2000 m high from sea level. Different animal-breeding tribes settled here and built Cyclops-like small towers to protect themselves from attacks. Since that period Dashkasan turned to the place of settlement.

Tumuli type burying monuments found in the archaeological digs carried out in 1959–1960 in the places of ancient settlement in Dashkasan show that people used this area as summer pastures and there was only one way to those pastures in summer- north-east, the valley of the river Kur.

The Middle Ages in Dashkasan are characterized with the development of cultural work.

After World War II Dashkasan was turned to an industrial town due to mining of iron ore deposits. It began to form on the basis of a temporary settlement of builders and a small mining settlement that arose during the period of preparation for the development of the richest iron ore deposits of industrial importance. In 1948 it received city status.

The region Dashkasan is very rich in natural resources. In the period of the Soviet Union the so-called strategic products of the region, i.e., ironstone, aluminum, cobalt, marble and others were actively exploited.

Many of the buildings in present-day Dashkasan were constructed by German POWs during the aftermath of World War II. Workers that died during the city's construction are buried in a German cemetery alongside the road between Dashkasan and Gəncə.

In the northeast and south of the city are the former Armenian villages of Upper Karhat and Lower Karhat, whose Azerbaijani names are Yuxarı Daşkasan and Aşağı Daşkasan.

Lower Karhat
The village is situated on the southeast-facing slope of a gorge lying on the left bank of the river Artinajur, a kilometre east of the district centre, at an altitude of 1,280 to 1,380 metres above sea level. It retains some burial mounds dating back to the period between the Bronze and Iron Ages, as attested by the results of excavations conducted there.

The monuments of material culture preserved in its territory prove that it has existed since at least the Middle Ages, although the earliest sources mentioning it date from the 17th century, when it became a scriptorium. There are 6 manuscripts that have reached us or are known. According to a record from 1691, a certain Hakob was Head of Karhat village.

Economy
The name of Karhat indicates what the local business was: it is composed of the word ‘kar,’ (Armenian for ‘stone,’) and the root ‘hat’ of the verb ‘hatel,’ i.e. (Armenian for ‘to quarry.’)

The locals used to extract iron ore and obtain iron, but when iron imported from Russia proved far cheaper, they gave it up.

By the second half of the 19th century, the number of the Karhat Armenians engaged in husbandry was reduced because of the appropriation of most of the village lands by the Siemens German Company.

Between 1894 and 1895, some of the local Armenians founded another village in the area of the upper course of the river Artinajur, 4 kilometres south-west of their previous place of living. It was called Verin (i.e. ‘Upper’) Karhat while the old village which was later renamed Nerkin (i.e. ‘Lower’) Karhat.

Education
In 1905, when the Tsarist Government had granted permission to Armenian educational institutions to resume their activity, the Armenians of Karhat convened a meeting on September 27 of the same year and decided to found a one-year school. Gandzak inhabitant Mrs. Yeghisabet N. Hambardzumian Malkhassiants sponsored the construction of that school in memory of her late husband Stepanos Malkhassiants.

St. Stepanossian Unisex School opened in 1908. That year, the school had 54 pupils. In 1909, the school had a single teacher and 70 schoolchildren, including 4 girls. In 1911, the school had 82 pupils of which 6 were girls and 2 teachers. In 1913, the school closed since it had no teachers.

Culture
According to some manuscripts, Karhat had two churches: St. Hakob church, mentioned in 1656, and Sourb Astvatsatsin church (demolished in 1927), mentioned in 1656 and 1659. A great number of documents dating from before 1878 (1849, 1852, 1861, 1872, 1878 ) attest that the village had a church with a wooden roof called St. Stepanos. From 1882 (1882, 1885 ), the same sanctuary is known as a stone monument dedicated to the Holy Virgin.

In the centre of the village, there are inscribed cross-stones dating from the 9th to 11th centuries.

A khachkar called Gyozal Kar (i.e. Beautiful Stone) was located where the village started. Later the inhabitants of Karhat moved that valuable cross-stone to the centre of the village, where it stood until the deportation of Armenians in 1989.

Hardly a kilometre south of the village, there is a small medieval building towering at the top of a rock, the fort of Ghala. It has a semi-circular tower in the north-west.

Upper Karhat
It is located on the left-hand side of the Artinajur river, at an altitude of 1480-1640m above sea level.

There are khachkars found in the village of Upper Karhat, dating back to the 10-11th centuries. The village got its name "Upper Karhat" in 1895 when the Armenian of Lower Karhat moved there.

Education
Upper Karhat school opened 1908 as a co-ed institution and had 70 students, 4 of which were girls.

In the 1911-1912 school year, the school operated with a three-year course, had 3 classes, 26 male students, 3 female students, and 2 teachers (Aram Papyants, Ishkhan Hayryants).

Culture
The church of Verin Karhat was built on the eastern edge of the village at the left mouth of Artinajr river. The building of the chւռցհ was consecrated with the name of Holy Translator. In 1914, the spiritual authorities satisfied the request of the village residents to repair the roof of the church. The church was destroyed in the 1920s.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Dashkasan (city)


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Şabran

Shabran (Şabran) is a city in and the capital of the Shabran District of Azerbaijan.

History
Known as Davachi (Dəvəçi) until 2010, Shabran received city status in 1961. The name of Shabran comes from an historic medieval town of the same name that was a port some 15km further north.

Demographics
The officially registered population of Shabran in 2010 was 23,248. Azerbaijanis and Tats are the largest ethnic groups.

title: Şabran


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Jefferson Hunt

Jefferson Hunt (January 20, 1803 – May 11, 1879) was a U.S. western pioneer, soldier, and politician. He was a captain in the Mormon Battalion, brigadier general in the California State Militia, a California State Assemblyman, and a representative to the Utah Territorial Legislature.

Early years
Hunt was born to John Hunt and Martha Jenkins on January 20, 1803, in Bracken County, Kentucky. Some sources cite his full name as Charles Jefferson Hunt, while others cite it as Jefferson David Hunt.

He married Celia Mounts in December 1823. In 1834 they both converted to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and were baptized on March 7, 1835.

Mormon migration
The family, which then included six children, started their migration with the Mormons to Far West, Missouri, in 1837. Other sources say they had moved to Clay County, Missouri first before going to Far West. It took the Hunts four weeks to make this journey. Jefferson Hunt was later called as an Assistant Marshall along with George M. Hinkle.

The family moved again with the Mormons to Illinois where they settled twenty miles outside of Nauvoo, Illinois. He served as a major in the Nauvoo Legion. Soon after he was ordained to the office of High Priest and later became an early participant in plural marriage when he married Matilda Nease.

Mormon Battalion
In 1846, while encamped at Council Bluffs, Iowa, he joined the Mormon Battalion, which was formed at the request of the U.S. government for participation in the Mexican–American War.

He was commissioned as a Captain, and was placed in command of Company A. Two of his sons also enlisted, and served under his command.

He temporarily commanded the entire battalion when its commander died, until a replacement arrived.

During the Mormon Battalion's journey Hunt's company made the first known gesture of peace between Mexico and the United States in what was called "The Exchange at the Presidio". The exchange took place very close to what is today Tucson, Arizona. This event is commemorated with a statue in downtown Tucson. The statue was dedicated in 1996 by Gordon B. Hinckley, then President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.

His entire family journeyed with the battalion as they completed what may be the longest march in U.S. military history, ending in San Diego, California.

California expeditions
After being discharged from the Mormon Battalion, Hunt and his family settled in Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1847.

Soon thereafter, Hunt proposed traveling back to California to bring food and supplies for other recent Utah arrivals. Mormon authorities approved this proposal, and Hunt undertook this journey with Porter Rockwell, several former Mormon Battalion members, and two of his own sons.

Later he guided several parties of gold prospectors from Utah to California. One of the groups he led to California became impatient at his slow progress, and many of the party members elected to abandon Hunt's group, and follow their own route to California. They became the infamous Death Valley '49ers. Those staying with Hunt made the journey without serious incident.

On his way to California in 1851, Hunt was elected to represent Iron County in the legislature of the State of Deseret. He was not a resident of Iron County, but he happened to pass through the county as elections were held, and he was chosen by the locals.

California years
In 1851 he was called by his church to help create a Mormon colony in San Bernardino, California. This colony was the first American settlement in California after Statehood.

In that settlement he organized the building of a log fort which is the largest log fort ever built in California history.

From 1853 to 1857 he served as a member of the California State Assembly. Elected to represent Los Angeles County, he introduced legislation in his first year in office to create San Bernardino County, which passed. Upon the creation of San Bernardino County he became the county's first Assemblyman. He is honored as the "Father of San Bernardino County", which is the largest county in the contiguous United States.

In 1856 he was appointed as a brigadier general in the California State Militia.

Later years
In 1860 he founded the town of Huntsville, Utah. He served as a representative to the Utah Territorial Legislature in 1863, representing Weber County.

He died in 1879 in Oxford, Idaho. Jefferson Hunt is buried at the Red Rock Cemetery in Bannock County, Idaho, US.

Legacy
Jefferson Hunt is the namesake of Huntsville, Utah.

Hunt has a number of noteworthy descendants:
 * John Hunt Udall, great-grandson, Mayor of Phoenix, Arizona
 * Jesse Addison Udall, great-grandson, Chief Justice of the Arizona Supreme Court
 * Don Taylor Udall, great-grandson, Arizona State Legislator
 * Nick Udall, 2nd great-grandson, Mayor of Phoenix, Arizona
 * Gordon Harold Smith, 3rd great-grandson, U.S. Senator from Oregon
 * Milan Dale Smith Jr., 3rd great-grandson, Federal Judge, U.S. 9th Circuit

title: Jefferson Hunt


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Talk:List of California hurricanes

Northern California or farther north?
Are there any reports of any kind of land effects from a tropical cyclone in northern California, or in the Pacific Northwest? CrazyC83 19:53, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * No. Typhoon Frieda became a frontal cyclone way out in the Pacific and hit Vancouver Island and the Pacific Northwest in October 1962 I think, but the only thing that made it different from any ordinary frontal cyclone is that it was once tropical.

 * The systems on this page are not frontal cyclones that evolved from hurricanes. They are the non-frontal remnants that either were a non cyclonic airmass or still had a circulation when they hit. Miss Madeline | Talk to Madeline 17:32, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, actually. Igancio redeveloped due to a shortwave aloft and TPC declared it extratropical due to a rejuvenation of central convection (what?!  It's in their report though.) The cyclone lacked a surface front when it moved through northern California and the Northwest. Thegreatdr 21:01, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

The central convection which persisted was entirely aloft, not at the surface. Elevated convection results from radiational cooling destabilizing a warmer moist layer such as that which existed in the remnant of Ignacio.Tmangray 20:05, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Rename
Since this article is a list I think it should correctly be called List of California hurricanes. Or maybe List of California tropical cyclones, since almost all of them were only tropical storms. Jdorje 05:59, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps we could actually rename this to list of Western United States tropical cyclones. Some ePac storms affect Arizona without affecting California. Norma in 1970 is an example. They could be added to the list and keep it a featured list. I think that artificially dividing up what could be a long featured list into short ones that are closely related is a cheaty way of increasing their number. Miss Madeline | Talk to Madeline 19:33, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Sounds fine. We can do another rename once the list is expanded.  Though I'm not sure if it should be "List of west coast hurricanes" or "List of United States West Coast hurricanes" or "List of Western United States hurricanes".  (It should be hurricanes, not tropical cyclones, as for instance it is Category:Florida hurricanes.) Now on a related note, what should the category be: Category:California hurricanes, or is a larger category desirable? Jdorje 16:15, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

 * IMO, Category:Western United States hurricanes is the best name because we don't really need to seperate California and Arizona, right? Hurricane Nora (1997) would be the only one in the Arizona category, and it would also go in the California category. The only difficulties with this idea is the work with renaming category:California hurricanes and perhaps possible confusion with category:Hawaii hurricanes. Miss Madeline | Talk to Madeline 21:52, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

There should be no title "California hurricanes" since there has never been such a thing, except POSSIBLY the storm in 1858 which anyway did not make landfall. We have our earthquakes, and hurricane envy is ridiculous. The most remarkable thing about California's summer weather is the ABSENCE of hurricanes thanks to the coldness of the offshore waters. Tmangray 19:19, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

While the center of the 1858 storm did apparently not make landfall, it DID produce sustained hurricane force winds over land, which would make it a hurricane in California. Also the statement that "We have our earthquakes, and hurricane envy is ridiculous" is ill-informed. For example, at least over the last 50 years there have been more people killed by tropical cyclones in San Diego and Imperial counties than by earthquakes. No freeways in those counties have been destroyed by earthquakes, but Kathleen did destroy Interstate 8 near the Imperial-San Diego County line. Large earthquakes and hurricanes are both rare events in California, but for the San Diego area hurricanes may be as large or larger threat than earthquakes. Pegminer (talk) 16:35, 18 June 2018 (UTC)

Todo
What's up with the broken references? Jdorje 20:37, 12 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I fixed it... I used instead of  . Miss Madeline | Talk to Madeline 19:39, 13 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Because this is already a featured list, does this mean it is FA class? Hurricanehink 18:53, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

Problem
When the page was moved, it caused a problem with the peer review and FA thing at the top. Is there any way to fix it? Hurricanehink 18:59, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, it can be fixed by moving the peer review and FLC. Miss Madeline | Talk to Madeline 20:28, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Oh, ok. Hurricanehink 20:37, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

No Hurricanes to list
This article is not a list of California hurricanes. There are none to list. The article was changed to a list of tropical cyclones many months ago. The text reflects this. I would be interested to hear arguments to the contrary, but it should remain as a list of tropical cyclones for now. Tmangray 19:06, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

 * It should remain as a list of hurricanes for now because that is the format for all of the other such articles. It includes the remnants of Pacific hurricanes, so yes, it is a list of California hurricanes. The terms hurricane and tropical cyclone are fairly interchangeable in this basin, so why change it to a longer title when this is just as accurate? Hurricanehink ( talk ) 19:12, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

 * No, tropical cyclone is a term which includes all closed low tropical systems, at all levels of strength. This is far more inclusive and accurate as to the tropical disturbances that have affected California.  The title is grossly misleading.  Not only has no hurricane ever made landfall in California, only one tropical storm has.  This is the most important and remarkable thing about the subject.  Is there a list of Kansas hurricanes?  Why not?  Many hurricane remnants have visited Kansas.  How about a list of Alaska typhoons?  The remnant of a typhoon struck Alaska last year.  Until more than one hurricane actually makes landfall in California, having a "list" is absurd, and clearly unencyclopedic. Tmangray 19:23, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

 * The title is not misleading, it is for North Atlantic tropical cyclones and Pacific hurricanes that affect California (though only Pacific hurricanes have done so). No, there isn't a list of Kansas hurricanes due to lack of information, but there could be a category for it. There's a category for Indiana hurricanes, California hurricanes, Florida hurricanes, Oklahoma hurricanes, etc., which are all part of Hurricanes in the United States. This is for continuity, not for the nit-picky exactness which isn't needed. Furthermore, one hurricane did produce hurricane force winds in the state. This list is not absurd, nor is it unencyclopediac. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 19:30, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I vehemently disagree. If there are no California hurricanes, how can there be a list of them?  The title is patently absurd.  If there really is a "list of Indiana hurricanes", that is equally absurd.  It makes far better sense to re-title the article "California Tropical Cyclones" as the meteorological term "tropical cyclone" properly covers all possible systems of tropical origin that ACTUALLY affect California.  And any discontinuity in categorization should be adjusted to reflect factual information, yes EXACTNESS which is what an encyclopedia versus something pop-media aims to achieve.  Anyway, I see nothing wrong with subsuming the category "California Tropical Cyclones" in the larger category "Hurricanes in the United States".  THAT is where exactness is not so critical.  But this article cannot be falsely titled as it is. Tmangray 04:16, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

I would like to call for a new consensus on the naming of this article. Tmangray 20:06, 7 May 2007 (UTC)
 * You're likely not going to get it based on the discussion above. If you still have a problem, take it up with the National Hurricane Center, not us. --Core desat 21:53, 7 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Based on conversations with several guys over at the NWS who've shared a good laugh with me about the title "List of California Hurricanes" (that would be a list of zero), I think you're counting on the lack of traffic here, which is the only reason why the title hasn't already been changed. For the record, the NHC does not hold that even a single hurricane has made landfall in California, as the article itself accurately states.  Nor do they classify storms that used to be hurricanes as hurricanes.  They consistently refer to "remnants of".  Based on their actual practice, the title might be "List of California Hurricane Remnants".  Doesn't sound quite so dramatic as the current title, does it?
 * I propose the title "List of Tropical Cyclones Affecting California". This covers the gamut and isn't limited to ex-hurricanes (Pacific & Atlantic), but also ex-typhoons, and the far more common, relatively-speaking, ex-tropical storms.  It's also not---well---silly. Tmangray 22:40, 7 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Why not change the name of the National Hurricane Center to Atlantic and Pacific Tropical Cyclone Center? The main article is Pacific hurricane; ergo, List of California hurricanes is perfectly valid, and is certainly not false. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 22:49, 7 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Ergo? There are Pacific hurricanes ergo there are California hurricanes?  Please.  As for the NHC, their title includes the word "national".  Hurricanes do make landfall in the United States, even if they don't make landfall (yet?) in California.Tmangray 23:29, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I have also told you in the past that storms that had hurricane strength at any time are referred to as "hurricanes", and "hurricane" is a catch-all term to refer to tropical cyclones in the eastern Pacific basin. --Core desat 22:52, 7 May 2007 (UTC)
 * This is incorrect and ludicrous. Nobody at the NWS refers to an ex-hurricane as "Hurricane XYZ" without a qualifier except in the loosest conversation.  The usual practice is to use the name of the storm plus the term "remnant".  For example, "the remnants of Camille".  Or if there was no direct hit, they would say "the outer fringes of Camille".  When a hurricane is downgraded to a tropical storm, they don't continue to say, for example, "Hurricane Camille struck Kentucky", rather they would say "Tropical Storm Camille struck Kentucky".  When an ex-Pacific typhoon is absorbed into a storm headed to California, we don't say "Typhoon XYZ struck California".  We speak of the "remnants of (or the moisture from) former Typhoon XYZ".
 * A title which purports to be a list of hurricanes---sans qualifier---is misleading when the fact is, not one hurricane has ever made landfall in California. That's a most important fact.Tmangray 23:16, 7 May 2007 (UTC)
 * And I have to point out, the meteorological term "hurricane" is NOT a catchall term for tropical cyclones. It is a meteorological term which specifically refers to a certain defined level of strength of a tropical cyclone, (and geographically limited). Tmangray 23:37, 7 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Adding a fairly informed meteorological opinion in favor of renaming the article. It strikes this editor as strange since it is not on its face a list of hurricanes. Noting this here since the quantity of opinions one way or another seems to count towards the final decision. 2600:1700:22F0:59EF:597A:78A:E099:9A3A (talk) 15:24, 13 September 2023 (UTC)

Not exactly offering a solution here, only a secondary issue; whether or not hurricane-type storms, by whatever name, have hit American California doesn't exclude the fact that such storms have hit Mexican California, i.e. Baja California, which is still California (in a different sense than the usual USian "state of California"). I'm not sure how many there were, but I do know that Loreto was destroyed "by a hurricane"; the Sea of Cortes and points south do get hurricane-type storms. Normally such storms, in the western Pacific, are of course called typhoons, and hurricanes are supposed to be Atlantic/Caribbean only....yet I know I've seen mention of them on the Mexican Pacific Coast; whether huricano or whatever the correct Spanish is is used, or another word, I don't know, but Baja California, if not Alta California (ie. the US state of California) has been hit by hurricanes, sometimes spectacularly. Didn't Cabo get nailed, in fact, just this last year?Skookum1 (talk) 17:04, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

 * You'd probably want to see List of Baja California Peninsula hurricanes. Miss Madeline | Talk to Madeline 00:08, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Interesting....sounds like a merge proposal to me, given the absolute definition of California as including Baja California as well as Alta California (the US state); and no doubt many in these lists are, one would expect, a lot of the same hurricanes, or post-hurricane storms or whatever they're defined as; the distinction seems to be that when they land in Mexico they really are hurricanes, which they're not in Alta California.Skookum1 (talk) 07:31, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Actually, there are a few different ones, but more importantly, the information in this article is specific to the U.S. state of California. I see no need for a change. ♬♩ Hurricanehink ( talk ) 14:44, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Then it should say "the US state of California". Standard English usage may equate "California"="the US state of California", but it's something like saying "American  hurricanes", given the wider context of "America" =/= "the US", but rather the whole New World; this isn't just in Spanish, btw; in England "he went to America" could mean Canada or Brazil (even when they know Canada isn't part of the US).  It's just a fine-hair to pick at; I just think that given that the "rest of California" (Baja) does get hurricanes, and the "real California" really doesn't......I imagine there's a convention such that "California" always means the US state, as in History of California, but in technical terms the name does refer to unpartitioned California, not only the US state. Guess it would have helped if the Founding whatevers-they-are of US California had used "Alta California" or "New California" (as it was known then) instead of the short form, so as to avoid confusion with Mexican territory.  But I suppose they were maybe figuring it might not be Mexican territory much longer, too....whatever; it's a nitpick, but given the title it seems to me that the List of Baja California hurricanes is gonna have crossovers this one (and its title doesn't need "Peninsula" in it; Baja California is a proper name, w/wo del Norte or del Sur.Skookum1 (talk) 15:56, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

List of Typhoons in California
Perhaps we need a new article entitled as above to cover this subject, based on all the criteria argued above for this article. According to the National Weather Service, the remnants of Typhoon Min-Yi will affect the Bay Area today, resulting in such dramatic effects as...increasing the fog layer. Tmangray 16:11, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

 * The link says nothing about Man-yi, so nothing to worry about and no need to create a new article. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 17:40, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I've updated the link to what is no longer the current, but archived 5:30 AM discussion. So, let's get that new article started.  I'll be sure to justify it with all the points you've made here. Tmangray 18:07, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Just as I updated the link, they posted a new current one. It looks like the link URL shifts every time they update.  Just find the 5:30 AM discussion. Tmangray 18:11, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

 * FYI, here's what the NWS said:
 * FXUS66 KMTR 201218 AFDMTR AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN FRANCISCO CA 530 AM PDT FRI JUL 20 2007  UPDATED AVIATION  SYNOPSIS...CONTINUED UPPER TROF ALONG THE CALIFORNIA COAST IN THE EAST PACIFIC. NEGATIVE TILT TROF MAINTAINING MOISTURE INFLUX POINTS NORTH OF THE CENTRAL COAST FORECAST AREA BASED ON WV SATELLITE IMAGERY. NO PRECIPITATION EXPECTED LOCAL AREA BUT MID AND HIGH CLOUDS TO PASS OVER NORTHERN PORTIONS OF FORECAST AREA. HIGH PRESSURE DOMINATING SOUTHEAST CALIFORNIA EVEN AS NORCAL IS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE EAST PACIFIC TROF.  .DISCUSSION...FOLLOWING A MILD DAY ON THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST THE OVERNIGHT TEMPERATURES ARE RUNNING SIMILAR TO 24 HOURS AGO. WITH HIGH PRESSURE ALONG THE SOUTH-CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST AND A MOIST FETCH ACROSS THE PACIFIC GENERALLY NORTH OF N40 SOME LOW CLOUDS ARE FORMING ON THE WEST S.F.PENINSULA OVERNIGHT. EXTENSIVE STRATUS IS NOT IN PROXIMITY FOR FRIDAY MORNING ON THE CENTRAL COAST...BUT SOME LOW CLOUDS WILL BE SEEN AROUND DAWN IN THE SOUTH S.F.BAY AND THE PENINSULA. A MOISTENED ATMOSPHERE FROM THE LIKELY REMNANTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONE MIN-YI IS EXPECTED TO HELP REDEVELOP THE STRATUS FIELD ALONG WITH SOME PRESSURE RISES FROM THE MID-COAST SOUTHWARD GOING INTO THE WEEKEND. Tmangray 18:28, 20 July 2007 (UTC)
 * There's not enough information to do so. Man-yi is only one storm, and an article shouldn't be created for one storm affecting the state. Furthermore, it doesn't even say it is definitively Man-yi. Again, no need to worry, and no need to create a new article. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 18:45, 20 July 2007 (UTC)
 * You're incorrect. This is the remnant of Typhoon Man-Yi, it's affecting California.  It could be included in this article re-named properly "List of Tropical Cyclones Affecting California", but alas, the lack of interest in this article precludes a proper consensus to make that change for the time being. Tmangray 18:50, 20 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Excuse me? The link you provided only said it was likely the remnants of Man-yi, and as far as I have seen it hasn't yet affected the state. It could be included in this article if there was some real impact. You are the only one that is concerned about the title, and it seems you are only concerned about this title. What about every other US state with an article such as List of Texas hurricanes, List of New Jersey hurricanes, etc.? What about every category being something like Category:Pacific typhoons, Category:Pacific hurricanes, etc.? What about the name of the National Hurricane Center? The NHC even includes Tropical Storm Allison in its list of retired hurricane names. It's called the Atlantic and Pacific hurricane seasons by the NHC and us. There is a consensus to keep it how it is, which is why there seems to be a lack of interest. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 19:33, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Excuse me, but you completely ignored the discussion from the Eureka NWS office. The National Hurricane Center doesn't deal with typhoons.  There are many articles listing typhoons for various areas.  And there is no article entitled "hurricane", as it is subsumed---properly---under the title "Tropical Cyclone".  Your arguments are flat, as is the consensus you claim.  Your inflexibility in this is childish, but unless others post here to support the appropriate change, I will leave the title--ridiculous as it is--as is. Tmangray 20:03, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

 * FYI, excerpt from the Eureka NWS forecast discussion at 3:10 AM (apparently California also affected by rain, not just fog from Typhoon Man-Yi):

FXUS66 KEKA 201012 AFDEKA AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE EUREKA CA 310 AM PDT FRI JUL 20 2007 AVIATION...VAPOR ANIMATIONS DEPICT FORMER `MAN-YI` DEBRIS STREAMING EASTWARD AS AN IMPRESSIVE TRANS-PACIFIC PLUME OF ENHANCED MOISTURE NOW NOSING ONTO THE WEST COAST. THIS FEATURE WILL SEND A FAMILY OF CLOUDS ACCOMPANIED BY OCNL LIGHT RAIN TODAY THROUGH EARLY MONDAY ACRS NRN CAL. Tmangray 18:58, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

 * BTW, that "it's just one storm" argument is a loser. A number of typhoon remnants have affected California in the past.  Here's a link to one about Super Typhoon Pongsona: . Tmangray 19:18, 20 July 2007 (UTC)
 * It's hardly a losing argument. "A number of typhoon remnants have affected California"... How many? Even if you were so inclined to create a separate page, there'd be very few storms to list due to difficulties in verifying it. How long did it take you to find the link for Pongsona? I really hope you would just stop discussing it to death; this is my last post on the matter. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 19:33, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

 * How many? Well so far we've mentioned two.  That's enough for a list.  Heck, one possible hurricane that never made landfall has justified this article's title.  Tmangray 20:48, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

contradiction
The 1858 San Diego Hurricane was a very rare California hurricane. It is the only known tropical cyclone to impact California as a hurricane, although other systems impacted California as tropical storms.

 * and

A California hurricane is a tropical cyclone that affects the state of California. Usually, only the remnants of tropical cyclones affect California. No hurricane has ever made landfall in California in recorded history.

 * huh?

tarotcards (talk) 04:45, 14 October 2008 (UTC)

According to researchers, the 1858 San Diego Hurricane made an abrupt change of direction just before making landfall in San Diego. It was still a hurricane at that point but never made landfall.

Varan619 (talk) 21:44, 23 October 2015 (UTC)

... and? 99.178.102.54 (talk) 05:12, 31 January 2012 (UTC)

Greg's remnants
Did Hurricane Greg's remnants impact California? If so, should they be added to this list? 99.35.233.16 (talk) 05:00, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * AFAIK Hurricane Greg 2011s remnants didnt impact California.Jason Rees (talk) 15:04, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Not 100% sure, but I do not think so. YE  Pacific   Hurricane  15:35, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

Important Notice
This is just an important notice regarding my recent edit of the removal of the 2013 Hurricane/Tropical Storm Kiko. I removed Kiko from the list and I moved it to the List of Arizona hurricanes. There are two main reasons why I did that, and they are related. Firstly, the text said that Kiko fueled the monsoon. There is no such monsoon in California––it is only in Arizona. Secondly, I looked at the reference used, which said that "heavy rain was recorded in Arizona while little or no rain was recorded in California". That supported my claim even more. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.223.175.207 (talk) 21:41, 6 October 2015 (UTC) Another thing, according to the reference it was Tropical Storm Juliette that brought the rain, not Kiko. I have fixed that. Thanks, 73.223.175.207 (talk) 21:46, 6 October 2015 (UTC)

The statement above "There is no such monsoon in California--it is only in Arizona" is incorrect. The monsoon's influence in California can be seen by the subsidiary peak in rainfall in many desert and mountain locations of Southern California, by the dew points experienced in places like El Centro, and the increase in integrated water vapor (precipitable water) that is seen. For more information see the paper. Pegminer (talk) 16:21, 18 June 2018 (UTC)

Should page numbers be included in links of pdf files?
I added page numbers to the links of the pdf file: "A History of significant weather events in Southern California" so that people don't have to keep scrolling down that reference to find the correct page where the information is located. Could you please check my edits and open the revised links and tell me if you like it better now, or if you liked it better earlier when the link opened like this. You can even call other users and check on their opinions if you have time. Thanks, 73.223.175.207 (talk) 14:08, 7 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I think Wiki prefers just having one reference to a single reference not 10 after all we do have the page numbers parameter which can be used to specify specific pages.Jason Rees (talk) 17:25, 7 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Your edits look good to me, thanks for adding that! Regarding citing pages in general: if you're referencing a specific page in a large document, a page number is preferable to include for easy verification. In other cases it's not necessary and often left up to personal choice. For a document being used multiple times, there are two ways to go about it: 1) you can cite each page/chapter/section/etc. individually or 2) cite the document as whole and use the "pages=" parameter to identify the pages used. ~ Cyclonebiskit (chat) 17:34, 7 May 2016 (UTC)

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A source worth noting (relative mortality hurricanes / earthquakes)
Indeed, during the last 70 years, more people have died from tropical cyclones in Calfornia's southernmost counties (San Diego and Imperial) than have died from earthquakes. from http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMNH33B3907M sounds like it might be something worth adding? Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk, contributions) 20:36, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I would like to see the entire paper and would be very careful about such so called facts as the TC Database for the EPAC, isnt as well developed as the Atlantic.Jason Rees (talk) 13:17, 13 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Well, the reason why I asked is because it looks more like a conference abstract than something published in a full length form. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk, contributions) 16:29, 13 May 2019 (UTC)

It seems pretty trivial to emphasize just the two southernmost counties, since that would exclude Los Angeles. Unless we're talking about some serious numbers, it seems a bit like cherrypicking. ♫ Hurricanehink ( talk ) 17:11, 13 May 2019 (UTC)

Shouldn't it be Cyclone?
Since it's the Pacific? 2604:3D09:1F80:CA00:F12F:56A6:62BD:E948 (talk) 05:06, 4 April 2023 (UTC)

 * No it should not. Chess  Eric  04:32, 21 August 2023 (UTC)

Should the list be renamed?
A recent IP comment made a valid point about the nomenclature used for this list's title. I initiated this RfC in order to determine whether consensus exists to rename this list.

Options:

 * 1) List of California hurricanes, tropical storms, and depressions
 * 2) *Pro:
 * 3) **Current name is misleading because records only confirm that one hurricane has ever passed through California.
 * 4) **All others listed systems were tropical storms, depressions, or remnants thereof.
 * 5) *Con:
 * 6) **Complicated name.
 * 7) **Study of the AMS paper that reported the discovery of the one hurricane to make landfall in California suggests that its conclusion may have been reached by educated guessing rather than firm evidence.
 * 8) List of California hurricane remnants
 * 9) *Pro:
 * 10) **Concisely sums up the various tropical storms, depressions, etc. listed.
 * 11) **Makes clear that listed weather phenomena were not hurricanes upon making landfall in California.
 * 12) *Con:
 * 13) **Unfamiliar name.
 * 14) **Some listed systems were remnants of tropical storms and depressions.
 * 15) **Needs an explanatory note in the lead or elsewhere in the list explaining that the AMS reported on the recorded existence of one hurricane in 1858.
 * 16) Maintain current name
 * 17) *Pro:
 * 18) **Familiarity.
 * 19) **Most of these listed weather phenomena had originated as hurricanes prior to making landfall in California, which for a wider audience may qualify as a "California hurricane".
 * 20) *Con:
 * 21) **Misleading name.
 * 22) **Only one listed storm qualifies as being a hurricane.

—CurryTime7-24 (talk) 18:16, 13 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Maintain current name This title apparently reached consensus in the distant past, CA does have one, and the article is consistent with other US state hurricane articles in covering remnants. It ain't broke so I don't think it needs fixing. Tom94022 (talk) 21:28, 13 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Please do not use RfCs for move discussions, as stated at WP:RFCNOT. -- Red rose64 🌹 (talk) 21:03, 14 September 2023 (UTC)

Some thoughts regarding the naming, a vast majority of the significant events were at one point Pacific hurricanes. That is, they originated as a tropical depression and intensified to a reasonably significant intensity - at least 74 miles per hour to be exact. At least one Pacific hurricane produced hurricane-force winds in the state. Further, all of the events are organized by the year's hurricane season, I believe all but one or two of which originated in the Pacific. There was a discussion above, back in 2007, arguing that a list of California typhoons should be created. I admit, I didn't choose my words the best back then, so I'll try doing better now. I believe "hurricane" is a useful enough shorthand, especially to keep it in parallel to List of Florida hurricanes and List of North Carolina hurricanes, that the current title should remain the title. That being said, the wording should do a good job to specify the nature of the storm and how they interacted with California. Given the multitude of issues for the article, I have been rewriting it a bit and adding more information to make it more California-focused (a lot was focused on Arizona), as well as more details in general, like precipitation totals and their effects. I hope to finish it soon, negating the need for a featured list removal. ♫ Hurricanehink ( talk ) 22:41, 21 May 2024 (UTC)

Long term featured/good topic
I wanted to have a table with all of the California storms with articles. There's only ten articles left to get this to a good topic, which I think is very doable. There might be a storm here or there missing, but not that many. Looking at the list, Olivia, Nora, and Juliette stand out as among the most important. Also, there already are nine featured articles in this topic, making it 45% complete toward a potential featured topic. Looking at the overlap with what's needed, I could see Olivia/Nora/Juliette being doable to get to FA, especially since Nora once was featured, and I know has done some work on it. Also, not to advertise, but part of why I'm doing this is that Hurricane Hilary is at FAC right now, which could be a potential 10th FA. Of the remaining storms, Odile was retired, so that would be useful if that was an FA, not sure if its GA nominator had any interest in that (pinging him anyway). That gets to a potential 12 out of the 20. Of course, that depends how many overall articles there are. Looking at the list, I'm not convinced Hurricane Ramon should have an article, since the 1987 Pacific hurricane season isn't especially long. Similar story with Hurricane Darby (1992), although the 1992 PHS article is on the long side. Not that I'm proposing merging either, just that those two stand out. Another odd one is Melor, the lone typhoon in the list. It only affected California through a storm complex that absorbed its remnant. That's gonna be a tricky topic, perhaps justifying keeping it as two separate articles. But I don't think the Melor article can be completed unless the October 2009 North American storm complex is also a GA. So just some thoughts about Cali hurricanes. ♫ Hurricanehink ( talk ) 23:21, 21 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Update, Juliette 01 is now a GA, and Ignacio 97 was merged. There are eight articles needed to get to good article status to get this to good topic status (79.5% done). ♫ Hurricanehink ( talk ) 19:21, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of California hurricanes


text:
Gədəbəy

Gadabay (Gədəbəy) is a city and the administrative center of the Gadabay District of Azerbaijan. It is located 444 km away from Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan.

Name
The ancient name of Gadabay was Getabak (Գետաբեկ, Russian: Kedabek). Vardan Areveltsi, a historian from the 13th century, mentions the toponym in the plural form Getabakkʻ. German scientist Heinrich Hübschmann hypothesized the toponym comes from Armenian, and composes from two words get (գետ, "river") and bak (բակ, "yard").

History
In the 19th century, tombs dating to the Bronze and Iron ages were found in the settlement. Getabak was the name of a fortress mentioned in Armenian sources as early as the 7th century, apparently to be distinguished from the village of the same name which later became Gadabay. The village of Getabak was devastated in the 1770s and remained abandoned until the 1860s, when around twenty Armenian families from the Kazakh Uyezd founded two villages on the site of the abandoned village: Hin Getabak ("Old Getabak") in the west, and Hayi Getabak ("Armenian Getabak" also known as Ghazakh, Ghazakhli or Ghazakhashen) in the north.

Armenian sources suggest that the settlement had a significant Armenian minority or even plurality; ultimately, not much census information prior to Soviet times is available. It was the site of clashes during the Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–1907, as a result of which Hayi Getabak was razed.

In the middle of the 19th century, copper ore deposits were discovered in the region and a copper plant was built by local entrepreneurs in 1855–1856. Later, this plant was purchased by the London-based company Siemens Brothers and rebuilt in 1865. The Galakend copper plant was built by Siemens in 1883 and 1879. The Trans-Caucasus gas pipeline of 28 km was constructed between Gadabay and Galakend. There were 4 locomotives and 33 wagons on this railroad. In 1883, the first hydroelectric power plant was built in the village of Galakend in the territory of Tsarist Russia and copper was melted by electrolysis in Galakend copper plant. After the copper ore was exhausted, Siemens shifted to the extraction of sulfur ore. Gadabay became significantly polluted as a result of the mining operations.

An Orthodox church built by the Georgian monk Ilarion Jashi in Gadabay (then Kedabek), together with a chapel in Slavyanka village, served as a Christian center of the Georgian Exarchate of the Russian Church during the 19th century.

According to the 1989 census, about 5000 people lived in Gadabay. It received its city status in the same year.

Demographics
The population of the city was 9,161 at the time of the 2010 census.. The city has 11,700 residents according to the 2020 census.

Geography and climate
Gadabay lies at the northern foot of the Shahdagh Range, at an altitude of 1460 meters, on the coast of the Mis River. The city is located in the middle and high mountainous areas of the Lesser Caucasus (also called Little Caucasus).

Notable natives

 * Grikor Suni (1876–1939), prominent Armenian composer

title: Gədəbəy


text:
List of municipalities in California

California is a state located in the Western United States. It is the most populous state and the third largest by area after Alaska and Texas. According to the 2020 United States Census, California has 39,538,223 inhabitants and 155,779.22 sqmi of land.

California has been inhabited by numerous Native American peoples since antiquity. The Spanish, the Russians, and other Europeans began exploring and colonizing the area in the 16th and 17th centuries, with the Spanish establishing its first California mission at what is now San Diego in 1769. After the Mexican Cession of 1848, the California Gold Rush brought worldwide attention to the area. The growth of the movie industry in Los Angeles, high tech in San Francisco and Silicon Valley, tourism, agriculture, and other areas in the ensuing decades fueled the creation of a $3 trillion economy, which would rank fifth in the world if the state were a sovereign nation.

California is divided into 58 counties and contains 483 municipalities. One, San Francisco, is a consolidated city-county. California law makes no distinction between "city" and "town", and municipalities may use either term in their official names. They can be organized as either a charter municipality, governed by its own charter, or a general-law municipality (or "code city"), governed by state statute.

The first municipality to incorporate was Sacramento on February 27, 1850, while the most recent was Mountain House on July 1, 2024. Eight cities were incorporated before the state's September 9, 1850, admission to the Union. According to the 2020 United States Census, the largest municipality by population and land area is Los Angeles with 3,898,747 residents and 469.49 sqmi. Amador City is the smallest municipality by population with 200 people and the smallest by land area at 0.31 sqmi.

title: List of municipalities in California


text:
Bipes

Bipes may refer to:
 * Bipes (lizard), a genus of burrowing lizards with no hind limbs and front limbs reduced to stumps
 * Lerista bipes, a skink lizard species in the genus Lerista endemic to Australia
 * Nebalia bipes, a species of leptostracan crustacean

title: Bipes


text: Talk:Oscillon

title: Talk:Oscillon


text:
Talk:Joyeuse

Untitled
I noticed Cortana linked to a Halo page, and found Curtana linked to the right one, so I changed it >.>

~ Skjie(who doesn't have an account) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.69.166.110 (talk) 22:04, 1 October 2005

WikiProject Military history/Assessment/Tag & Assess 2008
Article reassessed and graded as stub. Considered removing the military history tag as this article is about a mythological sword that may or may not have even existed. --dashiellx (talk) 17:24, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

Joan of Arc
Didn't Joan de Arc allegedly have her men dig this sword out of a graveyard? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.172.13.176 (talk) 01:33, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

No, there is some discussion that the sword from Saint Catherine's was put there by Charles Martel, Charlemagne's grandfather. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Godanov (talk • contribs) 23:22, 9 January 2012 (UTC)

translation is showing
Get with an expert and figure out what this really means in English, then edit the article. "Before the Miholjanec legend had been regarded" The article linked to from here has no information under a heading "legend." 71.163.117.143 (talk) 12:22, 24 August 2014 (UTC)

Wieland?
Isn't this one of the swords Wieland made? It mentions it was made from the same material in the article, but does not mention him by name...2601:806:4301:C100:715E:F0D4:544A:F17B (talk) 17:06, 16 July 2017 (UTC)

"saber of charlemaigne"
i don't think this name should redirect here; this is the name of another sword that was also supposedly his. 2601:642:C481:4640:0:0:0:C58 (talk) 00:17, 5 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Joyeuse


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Baristanet

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 05:21, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Baristanet
Minor blog site. Alexa ranking of 281,364. Joyous (talk) 22:05, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete MONGO 09:27, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 13:04, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Doctor Fischer of Geneva

Doctor Fischer of Geneva or The Bomb party (1980) is a novel by the English novelist Graham Greene. The eponymous party has been examined as an example of a statistical search problem.

Plot summary
The story is narrated by Alfred Jones, a translator for a large chocolate company in Switzerland. Jones, in his 50s, lost his left hand while working as a fireman during The Blitz. Jones is a widower when he meets the young Anna-Luise Fischer in a local restaurant. Jones is surprised to learn that Anna-Luise is the daughter of Dr Fischer, who has become rich after inventing a perfumed toothpaste and whose dinner parties are famous (or infamous) around Geneva. After a brief courtship, the two are married.

Anna-Luise is estranged from her father, the Fischer of the book's title. Jones goes to see Fischer to inform him that he and Anna-Luise are married, but Fischer is indifferent to the information. Later, however, he invites Jones to one of his dinner parties; Anna-Luise warns Jones not to go, saying that these parties are nothing more than an opportunity for her father to humiliate the rich sycophants (whom she calls “the Toads,” her malapropism for “toadies”) in his coterie. Jones goes anyway when Anna-Luise relents, saying that one dinner party can’t corrupt him.

At the party, Fischer and his guests explain some of the rules: If a guest follows all the rules, he or she receives a present (or prize) at the end of the meal. The presents are usually tailored to each guest and are worth a substantial amount of money. However, the rules include complete submission to the humiliations of Fischer, which always include barbed verbal taunts that focus on each guest’s failings or insecurities.

At this particular party, the dinner consists solely of porridge. One guest asks for sugar, but Fischer only provides salt. Fischer explains to Jones that the guests must eat the porridge to receive their presents, and that this is all part of his experiment to see how far the rich will go to debase themselves for more riches. The guests all eat the porridge except for Jones, who earns himself the enmity of the Toads by abstaining. Jones doesn’t receive another invitation for some time.

Anna-Luise fills Jones in on the dissolution of her parents’ marriage. Her mother had developed a friendship with an employee of Mr Kips, one of the Toads, based on their mutual love of Mozart. When Fischer found out, he paid Kips’ firm fifty thousand francs to fire the man, and then hounded his wife until she "willed herself" to die. Jones and Anna-Luise encounter the man, Steiner, in a local record shop, and Anna-Luise's resemblance to her mother (Anna) gives Steiner a heart attack.

Meanwhile, he and Anna-Luise discuss having children, but she says she would prefer to wait until after the skiing season is over because she wouldn’t want to ski while pregnant. The two go on a skiing trip, and while Jones (who doesn’t ski) waits in the lodge, Anna-Luise collides with a tree after swerving to avoid a young boy who had sprained his ankle while skiing a course that was too tough for him. She suffers a severe head injury and bleeds enough to stain the front of her white sweater red. She later dies at the hospital, leaving Jones broken and lonesome. He attempts suicide by drinking whiskey laced with aspirin, but it only leaves him drowsy.

The next day he responds to an invitation to visit Fischer in his office. Fischer offers to give Jones the money held in trust for Anna-Luise, but Jones refuses it. Fischer is surprised, and asks Jones to attend his next dinner party with the Toads, which he promises will be the last.

This party, the "Bomb Party" of the novel's alternative title, fills the longest chapter of the book. The party is held outside sometime around New Year's Day, where enormous bonfires keep the guests warm around Fischer's lawn. The meal is exquisite. Following dinner, Dr. Fischer explains the rules for that night's experiment. He has hidden six crackers in a bran tub. Inside five of them are cheques for two million francs apiece, with the name left blank. Inside the sixth is a small bomb. The guests are expected to draw crackers and open them one by one.

One of the Toads, a stooped man named Kips, says that gambling is immoral and refuses to take part, leaving the party instead, and leaving Jones to consider that it is only Kips and himself who take the Doctor's threat of a bomb in the last cracker seriously; the other Toads seem to be disbelieving, especially Mrs Montgomery, who passes off Fischer's bomb threat as playful, untrue banter. The other Toads begin to take the crackers; a hack actor named Deane, immediately goes into a role from one of his movies as a soldier volunteering for a dangerous mission, rambling dialogue to himself while he stands near the bucket. Two other Toads, the widow Montgomery and the accountant Belmont, rush up and draw their crackers, realising that the odds favour the earlier selectors. Both draw crackers with cheques inside. Deane finally snaps out of his delusion long enough to draw a cracker, and when he finds a cheque inside, he passes out from either shock or inebriation.

This leaves just Jones and the retired military officer, the Divisionnaire. The Divisionnaire takes a cracker but won’t open it. Jones, still considering suicide as a way to avoid his lonely future, takes a cracker, opens it, and finds a cheque. The Divisionnaire remains paralysed by fear, so Jones roots around for the last cracker (which would have gone to Kips) and opens it as well, finding the last cheque, meaning that the Divisionnaire must hold the bomb. While Fischer torments the Divisionnaire for his cowardice, Jones offers to buy the Divisionnaire's cracker for two million francs. Over Fischer's objections, Jones takes the fatal cracker and runs off into the snow, where he opens the cracker to find nothing. Steiner suddenly wanders up to Jones, saying he came to confront Fischer and to spit in his face. Fischer arrives and after a brief conversation about whether he has achieved his goals with his experiment, says that it is "time to sleep" but heads away from the house. A few moments later, Jones and Steiner hear a crack, and rush off to find Fischer, who has shot himself with a revolver.

The novel ends with Jones saying that he is no longer considering suicide and has even struck up a small friendship with Steiner where the two meet for coffee and mourn their lost loves. Jones says he rarely sees any of the Toads and avoids Geneva for the most part; he did once see Mrs. Montgomery, who called him “Mr Smith,” allowing Jones to pretend he didn’t hear her and walk away.

Characters

 * Alfred Jones: The narrator, a widower in his 50s with a glove over his artificial left hand. He marries Anna-Luise Fischer.
 * Anna-Luise Fischer: The daughter of the title’s Dr Fischer and wife of narrator Alfred Jones. She despises her father for the way he treats people, especially how he treated her late mother.
 * Dr Fischer: A fabulously wealthy man who made his fortune via the invention of perfumed toothpaste. Fischer is a widower who throws dinner parties to humiliate his rich guests.
 * Mrs Montgomery: A wealthy widow who can never remember Jones’ name and keeps calling him “Smith.” She is the only female guest at the dinner parties.
 * Deane: A former pin-up actor whose looks are fading. He is a guest at the dinner parties.
 * The Divisionnaire: A retired Swiss military officer, sometimes mistakenly called “The General” by his fellow dinner party guests.
 * Belmont: A tax accountant and guest at the dinner parties.
 * Kips: A secretive man with a severely deformed spine that causes him to stoop so far that he faces the ground. He appears to be involved in arms smuggling.
 * Steiner: The former love interest of Mrs Fischer, now a clerk in a Geneva record store. Steiner was fired by Mr Kips after Dr Fischer found out about his friendship with Mrs. Fischer.

Film, TV or theatrical adaptations
The novel was made into a TV film, Dr. Fischer of Geneva, in 1985, starring James Mason (in his last role) as Dr Fischer, Alan Bates as Alfred Jones, and Greta Scacchi as Anna-Luise. It was directed by Michael Lindsay-Hogg.

title: Doctor Fischer of Geneva


text:
Fuzuli (city)

Fuzuli (Füzuli ) is a city and the capital of the Fuzuli District of Azerbaijan.

The city had a population of 17,090 before its occupation by Armenian forces on 23 August 1993, during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, which resulted in the expulsion of the local Azerbaijani population and the city becoming a ghost town. However people are slowly starting to return.

On 17 October 2020, Azerbaijani forces recaptured the city during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.

History

Archaeological excavations on the hill in the northern edge of the town, Garakopaktapa, uncovered artifacts from the 4th-3rd centuries BC, matching similar artifacts found throughout the Armenian highlands. In the Middle Ages, the area belonged to the historical province of Artsakh in the Kingdom of Armenia. By the late medieval period, it formed part of the Armenian principality of Dizak. The nearby Kavakavank monastery was rebuilt by order of Melik Yegan of Dizak in 1724.

Russian rule
Fuzuli was known as Qarabulaq (قره بلاغ) until 1827 when it was renamed to Karyagino (Карягино), after. Initially, its only inhabitants were Russians of the spiritual Molokan sect. In 1896, the population of the village was monoethnic, composed mostly of Russians. Over the years, the population expanded to include Turks, Kurds, and a small number of Armenians. The Turkic and Armenian populations of Fuzuli were primarily migrants from the city of Shusha who came for the commercial opportunities of the region. The primary occupation of the village was agriculture with the exception of the small Armenian minority who were primarily shop owners and shoe-makers. It was administrated as part of Dzhebrail Uyezd during the Russian Empire. The city later became the administrative center of the uezd ("county"), with the latter being eponymously renamed Karyaginsky Uyezd (pre-reform Russian: Карягинскій уѣздъ). According to the 1915 publication of the Caucasian Calendar, Karyagino had a population of 400 in 1914, mostly Russians.

The town was renamed to Füzuli in 1959. During the Soviet years, the city was the administrative centre of the Füzuli raion of Azerbaijan SSR. According to the 1979 census, 13,091 people lived in the city, of which 87% were Azerbaijanis and 7.4% were Russians and Ukrainians. Population rose to 17,090 in 1989.

Armenian occupation
During the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the city was captured by Armenian forces on 23 August 1993. The city subsequently became a ghost town after its capture by Armenian forces and the expulsion of its Azerbaijani population. Subsequently, it was made part of the Hadrut Province of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh and was renamed Varanda (Վարանդա). In 2010, the town had a population of 99. It was named after the medieval Armenian melikdom of Varanda, which ruled over the area that later became Fuzuli.

Recapture by Azerbaijan
In the context of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war on October 17, 2020, the president of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev stated that the Azerbaijani army had retaken control of the city. The next day, the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence released a video from Fuzuli, showing Azerbaijani soldiers raising the Azerbaijani flag in the centre of the city. On 16 November, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev visited the city and hoisted the Azerbaijani flag on the territory of the former military base of the Armenian forces in Fuzuli.

Reconstruction
As part of a massive reconstruction project, a new highway is to be built to Shusha via Fuzuli, according to President Aliyev who announced the plan to build during his 16 November 2020 visit to the ruins of the latter town. The process was started with immediate effect, press reports suggesting the new 101 km multi-lane highway should be finished by mid-2022.

On 5 January 2021, Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev, announced that an international airport was planned to be built near Fuzuli. Four days later, the plan for a Fuzuli-Shusha railway was also made public. Fuzuli International Airport was inaugurated on 26 October 2021 by the presidents of Azerbaijan and Turkey.

Notable people

 * Ilyas Afandiyev — writer, Honored Artist of Azerbaijan SSR (1960), People's writer of the Azerbaijan SSR (1979).
 * Gara Garayev — National footballer, Azerbaijani Footballer of the Year (2014), currently playing for the domestic Premier League side FK Qarabağ

title: Fuzuli (city)


text: User talk:84.171.8.73

title: User talk:84.171.8.73


text: User talk:84.210.65.236

title: User talk:84.210.65.236


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/List of California hurricanes/archive1

California hurricanes
I think that this is pretty close to featured list status, but I need some suggestions on how to improve it further. I also hope that this isn't the first time people become aware that tropical cyclones hit California.

I assure you that I will keep on top of updates regarding Otis. Miss Madeline | Talk to Madeline 22:07, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * needs a picture at the top of the page, next to TOC
 * the list is not very encyclopedic, maybe have a few sections of prose discussing the most important ones and why they were important (level of damage caused, unusual features etc). the list itself should possibly be down, below the preparedness section (or moved to another page).
 * tropical cyclone preparedness section is grammatically poorly written. also "it would be pruduent": is there a plan or isnt there?
 * "See Also" should be "See also"
 * See also articles should begin with capital letter
 * Notes should be one line per note
 * "External Links" should be "External links"

 * My updates.
 * I am looking for a picture. I was once looking at a photo or Nora's remnants over the US, but I can't remember where I saw it. If anyone knows where it is, please tell me or put it in the article.
 * I added a few more sentences to some of the list entries. I don't understand what you mean by the list being unencyclopedic. Please clarify. I intend for this article to be a featured list.
 * I added more info on coordination on different agencies regarding possible effects of Nora and Linda.
 * Done
 * Done
 * Someone else put the notes on one line each
 * Done
 * Miss Madeline | Talk to Madeline 22:05, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Niz 22:35, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

I echo what Niz said, in addition: Take care! Ryan Norton T 04:37, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) the lead is too short (WP:LEAD)
 * 2) Paragraphs too short (every single one of them, pretty much)

 * I expanded the lead section.
 * I don't understand your problem with short paragraphs. Please clarify. I intend for this article to be a featured list.
 * Miss Madeline | Talk to Madeline 22:05, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Thanks - I'm unfamiliar with featured lists, but at any rate the paragraph thing shouldn't be too tough to do once it becomes a featured list candidate :). Ryan Norton T 14:28, 5 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
H. B. Bailey

Herring Burl "H. B." Bailey (November 15, 1936 – April 17, 2003) was a NASCAR driver. He raced his No. 36 Pontiac part-time as an independent driver in the Grand National/Winston Cup series from 1962 to 1993, making 85 races over his career.

Although he never ran a full schedule, he still had his share of fans. He had the distinction of being the first driver to take a qualifying lap for the inaugural Brickyard 400 in 1994.

Bailey said he began racing at Playland Park, near Houston, in 1954. He won the track championship there in 1959.

Darlington Raceway was one of the driver's favorite venues, and he was a three-time member of the UNOCAL/Darlington Record Club at the famed South Carolina oval. Bailey made his final start in the 1993 Southern 500 at Darlington.

In the 1972 NASCAR Grand American division, Bailey won the pole for the opener at Daytona International Speedway, won at Nashville and finished second in the national championship standings to Wayne Andrews.

He died of heart failure on April 17, 2003. When he died, Richard Petty, who raced alongside Bailey for virtually his entire career, said "Our sport was built by people like H.B. Bailey", adding "H.B. was a racer through and through, and the sport is better off because he was a part of it. We will miss him."

Bailey's son and mechanic on his cars, Joe Dan, later worked as an engineer for various NASCAR teams, including Bob Whitcomb's 1990 Daytona 500-winning team and the Richard Childress Racing 1993 and 1994 NASCAR Cup Series championship teams.

NASCAR
(key) ( Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. )

ARCA Bondo/Mar-Hyde Series
(key) ( Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. )

title: H. B. Bailey


text:
Häggviks stave church

Häggviks stave church is a replica of a stave church in Häggvik, Nordingrå court district, Norrland province of Sweden.

This replica of a stave church is situated at Anders Åberg's museum Mannaminne at Höga kusten. It was built in 2000.

title: Häggviks stave church


text:
Wikipedia talk:Featured picture candidates/San Francisco Baker Beach

San Francisco Baker Beach

I was looking for a picture of Baker Beach when I found this panorama. The over exposed area in the center is very dramatic.

 * Nominate and support
 * Comment. People are probably going to complain about the sun in the picture and the way it washes out the water a bit, but I like that; it centers the picture and helps give it a kind of balance. -Branddobbe 18:44, 2 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
Rucbah

The traditional star name Rucbah (from the Arabic word ركبة rukbah meaning "knee") has been applied to three different stars:
 * Alpha Aquarii in the constellation Aquarius (this star is now called Sadalmelik by the IAU)
 * Delta Cassiopeiae in the constellation Cassiopeia (this star is now called Ruchbah by the IAU)
 * Alpha Sagittarii in the constellation Sagittarius (this star is now called Rukbat by the IAU, but was sometimes known as Al Rami)

title: Rucbah


text:
Oleguer Presas

Oleguer Presas Renom (born 2 February 1980), known simply as Oleguer, is a Spanish former footballer. Primarily a centre-back, he could also operate as a defensive right-back.

During his career he was mostly associated with Barcelona, with which he won two La Liga championships and the 2006 Champions League, appearing in 175 competitive matches.

Oleguer signed for Ajax in 2008, where he remained until his retirement. He was also known for his politics: he supported left-wing causes and Catalan nationalism, which caused some controversy and led to one sponsor dropping him.

Early career
Born in Sabadell, Barcelona, Catalonia, Oleguer started his career at modest CD Lepanto, a club from his hometown. In 1997, he joined neighbours UDA Gramenet from CE Sant Gabriel, making his senior debut two years later whilst at the service of the former.

Barcelona
At 21, Oleguer signed with FC Barcelona, spending his debut season with their reserves. He would make his first-team debut during a 2002–03 UEFA Champions League match against Galatasaray SK, a 3–1 home victory where he came on as a late substitute for Frank de Boer. During that season he played for both sides, on occasion being a last-minute addition to the main squad.

On 17 May 2006, Barça beat Arsenal to win the Champions League for the second time in its history. Oleguer started the match, but on the day he appeared tense and slow, struggling to neutralise Freddie Ljungberg's runs down the wing and more importantly not being able to stop Sol Campbell scoring the opening goal. In the 71st minute he was substituted in favour of Juliano Belletti by manager Frank Rijkaard, and the Brazilian went on to score the decider with less than ten minutes to go.

Oleguer signed a contract extension in July 2006, keeping him with the club until 2010. He had the honor of captaining the team for the first time in their initial pre-season game of the 2006–07 campaign, in recognition of his work over the last few seasons. With the arrival of Gianluca Zambrotta and Lilian Thuram, he found himself coming on from the bench in the first few matches of the season. On 29 November 2006, he was awarded the President Companys award for his efforts in promoting the official recognition of Catalan sports at an international level.

2007–08 started positively in sporting terms, as Oleguer became a fixture in Rijkaard's starting eleven. However, he was accused of assaulting a policeman during an incident in a bar in Sabadell which occurred in 2003. He also spoke out against the banning of the Catalan national team by the Royal Spanish Football Federation, when the former was scheduled to play a friendly against the United States in conjunction with FIFA-recognised international fixtures in that same week.

On 9 February 2008, in a La Liga match against Sevilla FC, Oleguer broke a bone in his left hand. He was operated on but he spent six weeks on the sidelines, and he took almost no part in the team's campaign overall; Barcelona finished third, and his only competitive goal took place on 24 April 2005 when he opened the 4–0 away defeat of Málaga CF.

Ajax
On 29 July 2008, Oleguer signed a three-season deal with AFC Ajax, which paid €3 million plus 2.25 million in variables, including an option for another year. Manager Marco van Basten said: "I am happy that we have acquired Oleguer. His qualities fit exactly with what Ajax needs. We are all convinced of that. He has the right age, experience at a high level and is a real defender".

Oleguer scored a rare goal on 18 October 2008, the game's only in a home win over FC Groningen. He had an extended run during his first season due to injuries to teammates, but played mostly as backup to Belgian youngsters Toby Alderweireld and Jan Vertonghen.

After only appearing in seven official games for the Amsterdam team in 2010–11, the 31-year-old Oleguer was released.

Personal life and political writings
Oleguer majored in economics from the Autonomous University of Barcelona. On 30 March 2006 he published his first book with recollections on his youth, early career and the league triumph of 2004–05 (and the subsequent street parade through the Avinguda Diagonal in Barcelona). The book, called Camí d'Itaca (The Road to Ithaca), dealt with such varied subjects as childhood anorexia, the anti-fascist struggle and the previous Spanish government's involvement in both Gulf Wars.

Though injured just before the end of the 2005–06 season in a Champions League match and forced to miss the league-winning match against RC Celta de Vigo, Oleguer was able to return to the pitch to play in the next match at the Camp Nou when the trophy was presented to the team. True to form, he celebrated wrapped in the colors of the senyera estelada, the Catalan independence flag. Oleguer had sympathies with left wing and Catalan nationalist causes, and was asked by Subcomandante Marcos of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation to play a charity match in Chiapas, Mexico, during the summer of 2005. Later that year, he was invited to take part in a meeting of shortlisted players for the Spain national team, an invitation that he accepted only to tell manager Luis Aragonés he did not feel motivated enough to be selected.

On 7 February 2007, in an article written for Basque language newspaper Berria, Oleguer questioned the validity and independence of legal and judicial processes in the Spanish state, using the example of convicted ETA member Iñaki de Juana and his hunger strike to question those processes. His decision to write the article brought veiled criticism at Barcelona, both from coach Rijkaard and president Joan Laporta, as well as earning him disrespectful remarks from fellow professional Salva Ballesta, known for his Francoist views.

As a direct result of the article, Oleguer lost his boot sponsorship with sports firm Kelme, and he subsequently signed for Diadora. He also became the subject of a strong public backlash among some elements in Spain, and was regularly heckled and booed in some of the country's football stadiums due to the article and his pro-Catalan independence stance. When asked about whether he felt that he should not have written the piece, he replied, "The consequences I suffer are nothing compared to what many people go through. What did sadden me, though, was that most people didn't actually read the piece. If people engaged in dialogue with intelligence and still disagreed, then fine, but they didn't".

In 2010, Oleguer appeared at a protest in Amsterdam against the Dutch ban on squatting. His club Ajax had no problems with his presence, because he only participated in the peaceful sections of the protest.

Honours
Barcelona
 * La Liga: 2004–05, 2005–06
 * Supercopa de España: 2005, 2006
 * UEFA Champions League: 2005–06
 * UEFA Super Cup runner-up: 2006
 * FIFA Club World Cup runner-up: 2006

Ajax
 * Eredivisie: 2010–11
 * KNVB Cup: 2009–10

title: Oleguer Presas


text:
Talk:I Airborne Corps (United Kingdom)

This entry seems to be a rehash of Operation Market Garden, which already has its own entry, and is only part of this formation's history. All the Market Garden text could be replaced with a simple reference. HLGallon 22:09, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:I Airborne Corps (United Kingdom)