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RAJAR

Radio Joint Audience Research Limited (RAJAR; ) was established in 1992 to operate a single audience measurement system for the radio industry in the United Kingdom. RAJAR is jointly owned by the BBC and Radiocentre. RAJAR's predecessor was called Joint Industry Committee on Radio Audience Research (JICRAR; ). Prior to this, the BBC and Radiocentre's predecessor CRCA carried out their own measurements independently of each other.

Structure
The company operates as a joint industry committee (JIC) and its board is chaired by an independent chairman. It has shareholder representation from the BBC and the commercial sector, as well as the, Institute of Practitioners in Advertising (IPA) and the Incorporated Society of British Advertisers (ISBA). The company is a non-profit making entity.

Purpose and methodology
RAJAR collects information on behalf of over 300 BBC and Ofcom-licensed commercial radio stations, ranging from very small local services to the national networks. Station listening by time, duration, platform (AM/FM, DAB, online/app, and DTV) and location (in car, at home, at work, or elsewhere) is recorded and published on a quarterly basis.

The research methodology is based on a continuous diary survey (ex. Christmas holidays) measuring the listening behaviour of over 54,000 adults (aged 15+) a year. The diary is filled in on a quarter-hour basis for one week's listening drawn from a sample representative of the individual station transmission area and the nation as a whole. The fieldwork for the research is carried out on behalf of RAJAR by specialist research contractors, currently Ipsos Mori. The sampling point framework is undertaken by RSMB Ltd. The diary-based system is the most common method of measuring radio audiences worldwide. Some countries have introduced electronic devices called audiometers. RAJAR has tested several audiometers but has not determined any viable for introduction in the UK market. RAJAR continues to work with developers to determine future viability of innovations with audiometers and any new measurement techniques that could be of use.

Historically, the data has been collected from respondents via a paper diary. From quarter 3, 2011 RAJAR introduced an online version of a radio listening diary (Radio Diary) as an additional collection methodology. It is recognised that respondent engagement is critical to the continued quality of the survey and that by offering a choice as to how people record and return their listening data will help maintain the current high levels of participation and completion into the future. Additional benefits also include higher accuracy in attribution of listening to the different platforms (digital/non-digital) as well as higher in home completion that in turn enhances overall data quality.

title: RAJAR


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Gabi (footballer, born 1983)

Gabriel Luis Fernández Arenas (born 10 July 1983), known as Gabi, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder, currently manager of Getafe CF B.

He made 429 La Liga appearances, mostly in two spells at Atlético Madrid interspersed with a period at Zaragoza, winning domestic and European silverware with the former; during his ten-year stint at the club, he amassed competitive totals of 417 matches and ten goals. He also competed professionally in Qatar, with Al Sadd.

Gabi represented Spain at youth level.

Atlético Madrid
Gabi was born in Madrid. A product of Atlético Madrid's youth system, he was seldom used during his debut season with the Colchoneros' first team.

After a loan to another club in the capital, Getafe CF, Gabi would make 52 La Liga appearances for the club from 2005 to 2007, scoring his only goal in a 1–1 away draw against RCD Espanyol on 9 April 2006.

Zaragoza
In early February 2007, Gabi joined Real Zaragoza on a €9 million transfer, agreeing to a four-year contract effective as of July. He was an undisputed starter in his first year, but the Aragonese were relegated from the top flight.

Defensive-minded Gabi netted four times in 35 games in the 2008–09 campaign, as his team immediately regained their lost status. In the following season he again was first choice, helping to a final 14th position.

Again a starter in the 2010–11, only missing matches due to suspension, Gabi scored a career-best ten goals as Zaragoza again escaped relegation, six from penalties – he was also their captain. On 12 March 2011, he scored twice from the spot in a 4–0 home win against Valencia CF. On 30 April, he converted a penalty in a 3–2 victory away to Real Madrid and, on the last matchday, scored twice from open play in a 2–1 win at Levante UD that secured his team's top-flight status.

Atlético return
On 1 July 2011, Gabi returned to Atlético Madrid on a transfer fee of around €3 million. He scored his first goal for the team on 4 December, in a 3–1 home win over Rayo Vallecano – adding one in his own net – and started most of the first season in his second spell, partnering fellow youth graduate Mario Suárez in defensive midfield.

Gabi played 45 official matches in the 2012–13 campaign, including seven in the club's victorious run in the Copa del Rey, the first in 17 years. He was also selected by manager Diego Simeone as the new captain.

On 17 May 2014, in the away match to FC Barcelona that was the last of the season, Gabi took a 49th-minute corner kick which was headed in by Diego Godín to equalise 1–1, and give Atlético its first league title since 1996. On 4 July, he signed a new contract that kept him at the club until 2017.

In the second leg of a domestic cup quarter-final against Barcelona on 28 January 2015, Gabi was sent off in the tunnel at the end of the first half. His midfield partner Suárez was also dismissed later on, in an eventual 2–3 home defeat. On 7 October 2016, the 33-year-old inked a new contract until June 2018, commenting on the deal: "I always say that playing with Atlético de Madrid was my childhood dream, so I cannot ask for more than what I am living these years."

Gabi scored his first goal of the season – from 49 appearances – on 16 May 2018, netting from close range after an assist from Koke in the last minute of the Europa League final against Olympique de Marseille, a 3–0 win in Lyon.

Al Sadd
Gabi moved abroad for the first time on 2 July 2018, signing a two-year contract at Qatar Stars League club Al Sadd SC. He partnered veteran compatriot Xavi in midfield, and won the league in their first season together.

On 15 June 2020, Gabi left the Jassim bin Hamad Stadium. On 29 November, he announced his retirement aged 37.

Coaching
In July 2023, Gabi was named manager of Getafe's Juvenil B squad. On 13 November, he took over the B team in the Segunda Federación after the dismissal of Emilio Ferreras.

International career
Gabi was selected in José Ufarte's Spain squad at the 2003 FIFA U-20 World Cup in the United Arab Emirates, finishing as runners-up to Brazil. He scored the first goal of their opening game, a 2–1 loss to Argentina in Sharjah.

Style of play
Known for his tackling ability as well as his combativeness and hard work, Gabi could both break down opposition attack and dictate play with the ball with equal effectiveness. He was also known to be proficient when in possession, capable of delivering through balls and distributing the ball at both long and short lengths.

Honours
Atlético Madrid
 * La Liga: 2013–14
 * Copa del Rey: 2012–13
 * Supercopa de España: 2014
 * UEFA Europa League: 2011–12, 2017–18
 * UEFA Super Cup: 2012
 * UEFA Champions League runner-up: 2013–14, 2015–16

Al Sadd
 * Qatar Stars League: 2018–19
 * Sheikh Jassim Cup: 2019
 * Qatar Cup: 2020

Spain U20
 * FIFA U-20 World Cup runner-up: 2003

Individual

 * La Liga Squad of the Season: 2013–14
 * UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season: 2013–14, 2015–16
 * UEFA Europa League Squad of the Season: 2017–18

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gabi (footballer, born 1983)


text: Template:AEX companies

title: Template:AEX companies


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Syresham

Syresham is a village and civil parish in the English district of West Northamptonshire. The civil parish population at the 2011 census was 855. It is near Brackley town and close to Silverstone Circuit. It is surrounded by villages and hamlets such as Biddlesden, Whitfield, Helmdon, Silverstone and Wappenham, and the border with Buckinghamshire lies just to the south of the village. The border itself is defined by the River Great Ouse, which rises within the parish. There are two small hamlets in the parish: Crowfield and Pimlico.

The village's name means 'homestead/village of Sigehere' or 'hemmed-in land of Sigehere'.

The local geology includes the cornbrash and oolitic limestone of Jurassic age. There is a large abandoned quarry north of the church which supplied the stone for many of the older buildings in the village. The population, like so many other villages in England, is now much lower than even a century ago due to the British agricultural revolution. There are the remains of a very large fish pond south of the church and close to the manor house. The dam wall still stands, but the pond was drained long ago for its rich pasture.

Following the Dissolution of the Monasteries most of the land in and around Syresham passed to Magdalen College, Oxford. Much of the estate has now been sold off, however

There are several deserted medieval villages nearby, including Astwell near Helmdon, the site of the still standing keep or gatehouse of Astwell Castle.

Local woods
An old forest town, it is surrounded by the remnants of ancient woodland, the hunting grounds for several English kings such as Richard III. They include Whistley wood near Brackley and Hazelborough wood near Silverstone. Further afield is Yardley Chase and Whittlewood Forest. They are mainly owned by the Forestry Commission and are crossed by many public footpaths and some byways and bridleways leading to the village. The woods have a diverse range of trees, including oak, beech, hazel and some conifer stands. The hazel will have been coppiced in previous times, but are now completely neglected. All of the ancient woods are surrounded by deep ditches, a common indicator of their great age and importance in the Medieval period.

There is a Site of Special Scientific Interest or SSSI near Hazelborough wood which hosts rare marsh plants including orchids. It is known as Syresham Marshy Meadows and hosts a number of very rare plants owing to its waterlogged condition.

The woods are rich in a wide range of plants, especially common bluebells and primroses (or Primula vulgaris) in the spring, and associated orchids as well as the yellow rattle. There is a diverse fauna including mammals such as red deer and muntjac, and birds such as the common buzzard and red kites are also seen in the parish.

Facilities
The village possesses a public house, the Kings Head, a sub post office, primary school, church and chapel. It has a thriving social life, with a Sports and Social Club (football field and cricket pitch), and several local societies (such as the Syresham History Society). There are several Grade II listed buildings, including The Priory, Manor Farm and The Old College Farmhouse. St. James' Church, dating from the 12th century, is Grade II* listed.

It is bypassed by the A43 trunk road and is the western terminus of the Ouse Valley Way long distance footpath. It is traversed by Welsh lane, a Drovers' road used to bring cattle and sheep to London before the railways killed off the droving business. The lane has wide verges at many places between the village and Buckingham which were ideal for grazing the livestock. There are the remains or stump of a hanging tree at the cross-roads just south of Biddlesden.

Sport
Sport has always played a central part in village life. Syreham currently has two senior football teams playing in the North Bucks & District Football League and two senior cricket teams playing in the South Northants Cricket League. There are also junior teams representing both football and cricket. Syresham also has a darts team, a dominoes team and a bowls club. For those who play rugby, Brackley Rugby Union Football Club is only 4 miles away. Syresham also has a golf society, the Gytte Lane Club, and several courses within a ten-mile drive.

Awards
Syresham won village of the year awards in 2008, 2009 and 2010; 2012-2013, 2015 and 2017, being awarded the best community within the region. Contributions to this were events such as the village Scarecrow Festival and village pantomime. The village pantomime celebrated its 10th anniversary in 2009 with a brilliant production of Cinderella.

title: Syresham


text: Category:Tropical cyclone lists

title: Category:Tropical cyclone lists


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New Executable

The New Executable (abbreviated NE or NewEXE) is a 16-bit executable file format, a successor to the DOS MZ executable format. It was used in Windows 1.0–3.x, Windows 9x, multitasking MS-DOS 4.0, OS/2 1.x, and the OS/2 subset of Windows NT up to version 5.0 (Windows 2000). An NE is also called a segmented executable. It utilizes the 286 protected mode.

History
The first product to be released using the New Executable format was Windows 1.0 in 1985, followed by the 1986 multitasking MS-DOS 4.0, which was a separate branch of MS-DOS development, released between mainstream MS-DOS versions 3.2 and 3.3, and sometimes referred to as "European MS-DOS 4.0".

The Portable Executable (PE) format replaced NE format in 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows, while Linear Executables (LX) replaced NE for 32-bit programs in OS/2. VxD in Windows 9x also use LE format.

Compatibility
While designed for 16-bit OSes, NE executables can be run on 32-bit Windows. Beginning with Windows Vista, icon resources inside New Executables are not extracted and shown even by the 32-bit shell. 64-bit versions of Windows completely lack native support for running NE executables, because 64-bit Windows cannot run 16-bit programs on the processor without the help of an emulator.

Due to the rare and fairly complex nature of these files, only a few .EXE packers support it: WinLite, PackWin, PKLite 2.01, and SLR Optloader or NeLite for OS/2. The NE format is also still used as (non-executable) container for  Microsoft Windows bitmapped fonts.

DOS stub
New (NE), linear (LX), and portable (PE) executables retain the DOS MZ format file header for backward compatibility with DOS. When run under DOS, a so-called DOS stub is executed which usually prints "This program cannot be run in DOS mode" and exits. This constitutes a minimal form of a so-called fat binary. Windows 1.0 executables, however, have their file header formatted in such a way that DOS refuses to run them with the "Program too big to fit in memory" error message; see Windows 1.0 Features.

title: New Executable


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North Carolina Cabinet

The North Carolina Cabinet is the group of unelected heads of the executive departments of the Government of North Carolina. It is separate and distinct from the North Carolina Council of State, the members of which are elected statewide, and which makes up the rest of the executive leadership of the government. All cabinet secretaries are appointed by the governor.

History
On June 26, 1972, North Carolina Governor Robert W. Scott created the "Executive Cabinet," an advisory body consisting of the members of the North Carolina Council of State, the appointed secretaries of the state's executive departments, and miscellaneous members appointed by the governor.

The Cabinet's size decreased by two on Jan. 1, 2012, when three Cabinet-level agencies, the North Carolina Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, the North Carolina Department of Correction and the North Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, were merged to become the North Carolina Department of Public Safety.

The Cabinet then expanded by two secretaries in 2015, with the creation of two new Departments: Information Technology, and Military and Veterans Affairs. Then the Cabinet increased by one in 2022, with the creation of the new Department of Adult Correction.

Current members
The current cabinet includes the following positions:

The Governor also appoints senior staff who are not Cabinet "Secretaries," but hold posts with a similar rank as Cabinet officials:
 * Chief of Staff: Kristi Jones
 * Director of the Office of State Human Resources: Barbara Gibson
 * Budget Director: Kristin Walker

Advice and consent
Just before Roy Cooper took office as governor in 2017, the North Carolina General Assembly, breaking with longstanding tradition, added a provision to state law that Cabinet appointments require the advice and consent of the North Carolina Senate. Cooper challenged that law in court and said none of his nominees would wait for a Senate confirmation hearing to assume their duties. He announced on Jan. 27, 2017, that all but two cabinet secretaries had been sworn in and had taken office. A three-judge panel issued a temporary restraining order on Feb. 7, 2017, preventing the Senate from taking action to hold confirmation hearings, pending the outcome of the case challenging the constitutionality of the law. The panel later rescinded the order, but Cooper said he would hold off on submitting nominees to the Senate until after the trial could be held. After further court proceedings, the Senate issued a subpoena to Larry Hall to attend his confirmation hearing for Secretary of Military and Veterans Affairs, and Hall complied. The Senate later voted unanimously to confirm Hall. The North Carolina Court of Appeals ruled against the Governor and upheld the constitutionality of the law providing for advice and consent in November 2017.

title: North Carolina Cabinet


text:
File:SpanishRibbon.PNG

Summary
Spanish Flag Ribbon

title: File:SpanishRibbon.PNG


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Pan Twardowski

Pan Twardowski (Polish: Pan Twardowski, ), also known as Master Twardowski (Polish: Mistrz Twardowski), is a sorcerer in Polish folklore and literature who made a deal with the Devil. Twardowski sold his soul in exchange for special powers – such as being able to summon for King Sigismund Augustus the spirit of his deceased wife – and eventually met a tragic fate.

The tale of Twardowski exists in various versions, and forms the basis for many works of fiction, including the humorous ballad "Pani Twardowska" by Adam Mickiewicz. The folklore is commonly assumed to have been heavily inspired by the similar German story of Faust, with which there are many parallels.

Legend

According to an old legend, Twardowski was a nobleman (szlachcic) who lived in Kraków in the 16th century. He sold his soul to the devil in exchange for great knowledge and magical powers. However, Twardowski wanted to outwit the devil by including a special clause in the contract, stating that the devil could only take Twardowski's soul to Hell during his visit to Rome – a place the sorcerer never intended to go. Other variants of the story have Twardowski being sold to the devil as a child by his father.

With the devil's aid, Twardowski quickly rose to wealth and fame, eventually becoming a courtier of King Sigismund Augustus, who sought consolation in magic and astrology after the death of his beloved wife, Barbara Radziwiłł. He was said to have summoned the ghost of the late queen to comfort the grieving monarch, using a magic mirror. The sorcerer also wrote two books, both dictated to him by the devil – a book on magic and an encyclopedia.

After years of evading his fate, Twardowski was eventually tricked by the devil and caught not in the city, but at an inn called Rzym (Rome in Polish). While being spirited away, Twardowski started to pray to the Virgin Mary, who made the devil drop his victim midway to hell. Twardowski fell on the Moon where he lives to this day. His only companion is his sidekick whom he once turned into a spider; from time to time Twardowski lets the spider descend to Earth on a thread and bring him news from the world below.

Historical Twardowski
Dr. Jan Kuchta in his 1935 doctoral thesis "Cracovian Warlock of XVI Century. Master Twardowski" suggested that Twardowski may have been a German nobleman who was born in Nuremberg and studied in Wittenberg before coming to Kraków. His name Lorenz Dhur was Latinised to  Laurentius Durus and in turn rendered as Twardowski in Polish; durus and twardy mean "hard" in Latin and Polish respectively. There is also some speculation that this legend was inspired by the life of either John Dee or his associate Edward Kelley, both of whom lived for a time in Kraków.

"Pan" – used in modern Polish as a universal honorific and polite form of address – at the time the tale developed, was reserved for members of the nobility (szlachta) and was roughly equivalent to the English "Sir" (see Polish name), but in the English language "Sir" is used before a man's given name (e.g., "Sir Isaac") or his complete name (e.g., "Sir Isaac Newton"), not before his surname only (e.g., "Sir Newton").

Twardowski's given name is sometimes given as Jan (John), though most versions of the tale do not mention a given name. Pan Twardowski may have been confused with the Polish Catholic priest writer, Jan Twardowski.

Twardowski in literature, music, film and gaming
The legend of Pan Twardowski has inspired a great many Polish, Czech, Ukrainian, Russian, and German poets, novelists, composers, directors, and other artists.

One of the best known literary works featuring Pan Twardowski is the humorous ballad Pani Twardowska by Adam Mickiewicz (1822). In this version of the story, Twardowski agrees to be taken to Hell on condition that the Devil spends a year living with his wife, Pani Twardowska. The Devil, however, prefers to run away and thus Pan Twardowski is saved. In 1869 Stanisław Moniuszko wrote music for the ballad.

Other works based on the legend include:
 * Pan Tvardovsky, an opera by Alexey Verstovsky, libretto by Mikhail Zagoskin (1828);
 * Pan Tvardovsky, Zagoskin's short story from the collection An Evening on the Khopyor (1834);
 * Mistrz Twardowski [Master Twardowski], a novel by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski (1840);
 * Tvardovsky, a ballad by Semen Hulak-Artemovsky;
 * Pan Twardowski, a ballet by Adolf Gustaw Sonnenfeld (1874);
 * Pan Tvardovski, an opera by Ivan Zajc (1880);
 * Twardowski, a poem by Jaroslav Vrchlický (1885);
 * Mistrz Twardowski, a poem by Leopold Staff (1902);
 * Pan Twardowski, a ballad by Lucjan Rydel (1906);
 * Pan Tvardovsky, a film by Ladislas Starevich (1917);
 * Pan Twardowski, a ballet by Ludomir Różycki (1921);
 * Pan Twardowski, a film by Wiktor Biegański (1921);
 * Pan Twardowski, czarnoksiężnik polski [Pan Twardowski, a Polish sorcerer], a novel by Wacław Sieroszewski (1930);
 * Pan Twardowski, a film by Henryk Szaro, screenplay by Wacław Gąsiorowski (1936);
 * Pan Twardowski oder Der Polnische Faust [Pan Twardowski or The Polish Faust], a novel by Matthias Werner Kruse (1981);
 * Dzieje Mistrza Twardowskiego (The Story of Master Twardowski), a film by Krzysztof Gradowski (1995).
 * Twardowsky, a short sci-fi film from Polish Legends series directed by Tomasz Bagiński (2015)
 * Hearts of Stone, an expansion to RPG game The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt (2015), has a main storyline heavily inspired by the legend.

Pan Twardowski is also a popular character in the folk art of Poland's Kraków region; he appears in some Kraków Nativity scenes (szopki). He is typically depicted as a Polish noble either riding a rooster or standing on the Moon.

Places associated with Pan Twardowski

Pan Twardowski is said to have lived in or near Kraków, the capital of Poland at the time. Different places in Kraków claim to be the exact location of Twardowski's house. The sorcerer might have lived either somewhere in the city center, near the Rynek Główny or Ulica Grodzka, or across the River Vistula in the village of Krzemionki (now part of Kraków).

Across Poland, there are a number of inns and pubs called Rzym ("Rome"), all of which claim to be the one where Pan Twardowski met the devil. The oldest of these inns date back to only the late 17th century, about 100 years after Twardowski's time. The one in Sucha is probably the best known of these inns.

In the sacristy of a church in Węgrów, hangs a polished metal plate claimed to be the magic mirror which once belonged to Pan Twardowski. According to a legend, it was possible to see future events reflected in the mirror until it was broken in 1812 by Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte of France when he saw in it his future retreat from Russia and collapse of his empire.

It is also said that Pan Twardowski spent some time in the city of Bydgoszcz, where, in his memory, a figure was recently mounted in a window of a tenement, overseeing the Old Town. At 1:13 p.m. and 9:13 p.m. the window opens and Pan Twardowski appears, to the accompaniment of weird music and devilish laughter. He takes a bow, waves his hand, and then disappears. This little show gathers crowds of amused spectators.

title: Pan Twardowski


text:
File:RoseRoyceCarWash.jpg

Rationale of fair use for Car Wash (song)

 * 1) No free or public domain images have been located for this single.
 * 2) The image is of lower resolution than the original cover.
 * 3) The image does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the single in any way.
 * 4) For an article about a single, the cover artwork is very important and adds significantly to the article.
 * 5) This image is used on various websites, so its use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible than it already is.
 * 6) The cover is being used for informational purposes only.

title: File:RoseRoyceCarWash.jpg


text: Category:Hotels in Kenya

title: Category:Hotels in Kenya


text: User talk:70.224.78.93

title: User talk:70.224.78.93


text:
User:Mithril Cloud

Present and future editors, may you continue adding relevant and properly sourced information, and restore good faith in the Wikipedia system.

title: User:Mithril Cloud


text:
Schocken Department Store, Stuttgart

The Schocken Department Store in Stuttgart, built in 1924–26, was one of the most prominent examples of the Modernist New Objectivity movement in German architecture, and demolished despite protests in 1960. Along with other departments stores designed by its architect Erich Mendelsohn, it introduced a style later popularised internationally as Streamline Moderne. The Schocken department store chain was established by Salman Schocken in the 1920s, which by 1930 had 20 stores across southern Germany. The architect Erich Mendelsohn, had designed the earlier Kaufhaus Schocken in Nuremberg (1926, demolished) and the later store in Chemnitz (1930), but the Stuttgart store was the most significant of the three. The inspiration for the design came to Mendelsohn while he was attending a concert of music by Bach.

The department store was a strikingly modern design in what was then a traditional urban context. The sweeping horizontal lines, juxtaposed by a vertical semicircular all-glass projection, were elements later refined and developed as the Streamline Moderne internationally in the 1930s. The shop floors had mainly wooden furnishings and, in the absence of air conditioning, a large number of windows. Again owing to the absence of air conditioning, the food hall was situated in the basement. The name of the store was displayed in lettering some 2.28 meters in height and illuminated after dark. The booklet which he designed for the opening features Mendelsohn's coloured sketch. He also created a logo and branding style based on the lettering on the façade of the store.

The department store, together with the Tagblatt-Turm built across the street at the same time, created an impressive ensemble of modern architecture, and was damaged only slightly in World War II. In 1960, the local authority allowed the demolition of the store, despite international protest. In its place today stands the department store (Galeria Kaufhof, previously Horten), designed by Egon Eiermann.

title: Schocken Department Store, Stuttgart


text:
Mark Richardson (musician)

Mark Richardson (born 18 May 1970, Leeds) is an English drummer, known for being a member of the English rock group Skunk Anansie and formerly of Little Angels and Feeder.

Little Angels (December 1991 – July 1994)
In 1991 he moved to London to join Little Angels after Michael Lee left to join The Cult. Matt Sorum had left The Cult to join Guns and Roses after their drummer, Stephen Adler, had allegedly been kicked out due to his growing drug habit. Richardson's first ever professional engagement was with the Little Angels on the 'Jim'll Fix It' show, a kids prime time TV show that helped children fulfil their dreams. Hailing from Scarborough, Little Angels were tipped for success and in 1992 wrote and recorded Jam, the band's third record on Polydor. It entered the UK album charts at number one. Despite touring extensively in Europe, stadium supports slots with Bryan Adams, Van Halen and Bon Jovi, adding to their already large fan base in the UK, the band split in the summer of 1994.

b.l.o.w (June 1994 – May 1995)
Along with Richardson, the band consisted of Bruce John Dickinson (guitar) and Jimmy Dickinson (keys), who were both members of Little Angels, vocalist Dave Gooding ( David 9 Lunas) and bassist Nicky Boyes. b.l.o.w. released their first "mini" album, Man and Goat Alike, within 5 months of getting together. The album itself was recorded in just four days at Jacob's Studios in Surrey. b.l.o.w. was soon out on the road, playing alongside the likes of Thunder, and famously held a competition to stay at fans' houses because they couldn't afford hotels. Feeder supported them on this tour in support of their first EP 'Swim.' Presenting a distinctly "homegrown" image, b.l.o.w. issued demo tapes to fan club subscribers & released their first mini-album through mail order in music magazine Kerrang! before it was available in the shops.

Skunk Anansie (August 1995 – 2001 and April 2009 – present)
Richardson joined Skunk Anansie in August 1995 after meeting them at the Kerrang! Awards. Skunk Anansie were looking for a permanent replacement for Robbie France so an audition was set up and Skunk were reborn. His first job with the band was to record some movie soundtrack music for the film Strange Days followed by the video for Charity. His first gig with the band was the Leeds Heineken festival. Skunk went on to tour extensively around the world, covering the globe many times over the next six years. Most notable support tours were Therapy? and Lenny Kravitz in Europe and Sevendust, Rollins Band, Rammstein in the US. Skunk Anansie enjoyed success in the UK Charts with three Top 20 albums. Richardson played drums on their second album Stoosh in 1996 and their third album Post Orgasmic Chill in 1999. These albums were both certified platinum and gold in the UK respectively, and both sold over five and a half million copies worldwide. Richardson also plays on the tracks from Paranoid and Sunburnt at Skunk's live shows. Richardson re-joined Skunk Anansie, after playing two gigs in April at the Water Rats venue in Kings Cross, London. A singles compilation Smashes and Trashes was released in November 2009 with a tour to follow. 2010 saw the band record a brand new record 'Wonderlustre' followed by a European arena tour and festival season of 45 festivals in 2011. Black Traffic followed in 2012 and Skunk hit the road again in Europe and playing more arenas and another 40 odd festivals in the summer of 2013. In September 2013 they played a sold out acoustic show at London's Cadogan Hall and released 'An Acoustic Skunk Anansie Live In London' to critical acclaim. The band again hit the road in Europe in support of the release.

Feeder (January 2002 – April 2009)
In January 2002, Feeder's drummer Jon Lee committed suicide in his Miami home. Richardson was recommended to Feeder's frontman—Grant Nicholas— by Jeremy Lascelles and became their new drummer. Richardson had previously worked with Feeder when they supported b.l.o.w. as well as Skunk Anansie. His first gig with Feeder was a warm-up for the Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2002, at the Portsmouth Wedgewood Rooms on 21 August. Richardson recorded drums on 2002's Comfort In Sound, 2005's Pushing the Senses, tracks for 2006's The Singles album and 2008's Silent Cry. All of these albums including Comfort in Sound (his first album with Feeder) made the Top 10 of the UK Albums Chart. On 6 May 2009, it was announced that Richardson would be rejoining Skunk Anansie for their upcoming reformation.

Sessions
Steve Robson, Sunna, Amy Macdonald, Globus, Ace (solo), Skin (solo), Mel B, Erika.

Music support
Richardson is a co-founder and trustee of the charity Music Support. He said: 'When I tried to get sober in 2000, any information on how to achieve that was rare and hard sought. Mental health challenges including addiction weren't discussed openly very much at all back then because there was so much stigma attached to it. So I wanted to be a part of reducing that problem, reducing the stigma and providing information to others who maybe struggling with similar issues. Almost 60% of entertainment industry workers have sought help for mental health issues and 40% of those have been diagnosed with some form of mental health challenge. So myself, Johan Sorensen (of Portobello Behavioural Health), tour manager Andy Franks and manager Matt Thomas created the idea that would eventually grow into Music Support. We achieved charitable status in 2016 and are a non-profit collective of volunteers and professionals providing help and support for individuals in any area of the music industry suffering from addiction, emotional or mental health challenges.'

Children in Need
On 12 November 2021, Richardson assisted BBC weather presenter Owain Wyn Evans by musically directing his 24 hour drumathon for Children in Need, raising £3,601,138 for the children's charity.

title: Mark Richardson (musician)


text:
Truncated hexagonal tiling

In geometry, the truncated hexagonal tiling is a semiregular tiling of the Euclidean plane. There are 2 dodecagons (12-sides) and one triangle on each vertex.

As the name implies this tiling is constructed by a truncation operation applied to a hexagonal tiling, leaving dodecagons in place of the original hexagons, and new triangles at the original vertex locations. It is given an extended Schläfli symbol of t{6,3}.

Conway calls it a truncated hextille, constructed as a truncation operation applied to a hexagonal tiling (hextille).

There are 3 regular and 8 semiregular tilings in the plane.

Uniform colorings
There is only one uniform coloring of a truncated hexagonal tiling. (Naming the colors by indices around a vertex: 122.)

Topologically identical tilings
The dodecagonal faces can be distorted into different geometries, such as:

Wythoff constructions from hexagonal and triangular tilings
Like the uniform polyhedra there are eight uniform tilings that can be based from the regular hexagonal tiling (or the dual triangular tiling).

Drawing the tiles colored as red on the original faces, yellow at the original vertices, and blue along the original edges, there are 8 forms, 7 which are topologically distinct. (The truncated triangular tiling is topologically identical to the hexagonal tiling.)

Symmetry mutations
This tiling is topologically related as a part of sequence of uniform truncated polyhedra with vertex configurations (3.2n.2n), and [n,3] Coxeter group symmetry.

Related 2-uniform tilings
Two 2-uniform tilings are related by dissected the dodecagons into a central hexagonal and 6 surrounding triangles and squares.

Circle packing
The truncated hexagonal tiling can be used as a circle packing, placing equal diameter circles at the center of every point. Every circle is in contact with 3 other circles in the packing (kissing number). This is the lowest density packing that can be created from a uniform tiling.
 * 1-uniform-4-circlepack.svg

Triakis triangular tiling
The triakis triangular tiling is a tiling of the Euclidean plane. It is an equilateral triangular tiling with each triangle divided into three obtuse triangles (angles 30-30-120) from the center point. It is labeled by face configuration V3.12.12 because each isosceles triangle face has two types of vertices: one with 3 triangles, and two with 12 triangles.

Conway calls it a kisdeltille, constructed as a kis operation applied to a triangular tiling (deltille).

In Japan the pattern is called asanoha for hemp leaf, although the name also applies to other triakis shapes like the triakis icosahedron and triakis octahedron.

It is the dual tessellation of the truncated hexagonal tiling which has one triangle and two dodecagons at each vertex.
 * P4 dual.png

It is one of eight edge tessellations, tessellations generated by reflections across each edge of a prototile.

Related duals to uniform tilings
It is one of 7 dual uniform tilings in hexagonal symmetry, including the regular duals.

title: Truncated hexagonal tiling


text:
Category:Lists of tropical cyclones

This category includes articles containing lists of tropical cyclones and cyclone seasons.

title: Category:Lists of tropical cyclones


text:
Talk:Planimeter

Measuring, not a drawing instrument?!
Is it correct to say (or write) that a planimeter is a drawing instrument, while no one can draw with a planimeter? It is a measuring instrument, is it not?! — Nol Aders 23:41, 17 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps, while it cannot draw, it aids in the tasks of technical drawing? Melchoir 13:48, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

Green
The application of Green's theorem lacks two things. a) It doesn't say whether it is a linear or a polar planimeter. b) The result is not relevant. Integration of (-y,x).(dx,dy) is not what the planimeter does!Nijdam 15:47, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

Huh?
Look, I'm not a moron, but I can't really come away from this page with any useful understanding of how a planimeter does what it claims to do. How encyclopedic is that? Yes, the impenetrable mathematical symbolism is cool, and probably means something, to the person who has the necessary specialized understanding, but come on, couldn't some explanatory text be provided for the rest of us?Trigley (talk) 16:18, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Trigley, No you are not a moron. Wikipedia has a big problem across the board with technical articles being written by technical people - and they are not always the best at dealing with people and at explaining things. I think it was Einstein who said that if you cannot explain something to a 6 year old, you haven't understood it. I hope that over the coming years Wikipedia will have a massive clean-up so that it is better at conveying information rather than just looking like a big messy reference book for mathematicians who already know the stuff. It's always going to be a compromise when you have a beautiful thing like Wikipedia which anybody can edit - the technical types all converge on the technical articles and as a result, the rest of us who want to actually find something out are frustrated beyong belief.
 * One thing you can do is read, read, read, learn and experiment and then come back here and fix up the article once you know how it all works. You would be doing everybody a favour, believe me.
 * And never, ever accept somebody writing "the following is hard, or difficult to understand..."
 * Nothing is difficult. It just isn't taught properly. You'll remember that from school.
 * Good luck. And to anybody else with the same wikipedia problems, hang in there - it'll get better.
 * -Sam, UK

 * WP:SOFIXIT. Find a source that describes it to your satisfaction, and add a description.  Dicklyon (talk) 16:31, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

Good idea, and I would like to do as suggested, although I don't think I've learned enough about how Wikipedia works and gets edited to make contributions (yet). I did follow several of the links at the bottom of the article, and found that one of them stands out as being explanatory. I will try to grasp the essentials from that website and create a paragraph that will provide the more basic understanding that I think would improve this article. Thanks.Trigley (talk) 17:52, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

 * The mathematics is actually extremely simple, but it's completely irrelevant. It is basically a presentation of Green's theorem, with absolutely no explanation of how the planimeter would compute this integral. If you want something helpful, read the 1911 EB article on measuring devices. MarcelB612 (talk) 03:11, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

basic formula
The more basic formula which forms the basis of the planimeter operation is Leibnitz's sector formula which preceeds green's theorem by about a century. Setreset (talk) 05:48, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

Reference to Green's theorem in the "polar coordinates" section doesn't make sense?
I may be missing something but it seems to me that the reference to Green's theorem in the subsection 3.1 titled "Polar coordinates" doesn't make sense. The area integral in polar coordinates makes sense, but if I follow the reasoning, you are integrating $$\scriptstyle \int_t r(t) \cdot \dot \theta(t)\,dt,$$ (the derivative of the area function) along the perimeter. Green's theorem says

 * $$\int_{\partial R} \omega = \int_{R} \mathrm{d}\omega$$

Essentially this argument is doing

 * $$\int_{\partial R} \mathrm{d}\omega$$

So you'd need to be integrating the antiderivative of the area function $$\int_t \tfrac{1}{2} r(t)^2 \cdot \dot \theta(t)\,dt.$$ along the perimeter, not the derivative of it. I might be missing the right interpretation of this, though. Ofb (talk) 03:18, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

 * I recommend you check out this paper, fix it up to agree, and cite it. Dicklyon (talk) 05:55, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

Hatchet (Prytz) Planimeter Suggestion
In case someone wants to make a (needed) section on the Prytz Planimeter before I get around to it, I found a decent technical article with history from the 1908 American Mathematical Monthly. Available on Jstor here:. Sill looking for a free photo. --Theodore Kloba (talk) 21:03, 25 March 2014 (UTC)

I think the integral is wrong....
You have $$

\iint_D(\frac{\partial{x}}{\partial{x}}-\frac{\partial{(b-y)}}{\partial{y}})dA=\iint_D dA $$

however $$ \frac{\partial{x}}{\partial{x}}=1 $$

and $$

\frac{\partial{(b-y)}}{\partial{y}}=-1 $$ and $$ 1-(-1)=2, $$

so the equation should read $$

\iint_D(\frac{\partial{x}}{\partial{x}}-\frac{\partial{(b-y)}}{\partial{y}})dA=\iint_D 2dA $$

In other words, the integral gives twice the area.

ZacharyFoj (talk) 21:21, 15 December 2014 (UTC)ZacharyFoj

 * Quantity b is the y-component of the elbow, so b is a variable and not a constant; partial(b)/partial(y) not zero; see text below equation. Glrx (talk) 20:57, 17 December 2014 (UTC)

 * True, but since we are talking about a partial derivative I thought it didn't matter....ZacharyFoj (talk) 05:59, 27 January 2015 (UTC)
 * On further inspection, I've found my error. Thanks! ZacharyFoj (talk) 06:03, 27 January 2015 (UTC)

nice CIA photos of planimeters
The CIA’s cartography department put up some nice photos of planimeters, e.g. https://www.flickr.com/photos/ciagov/30764630562/sizes/ and https://www.flickr.com/photos/ciagov/30792301801/sizes/ etc. in a whole set https://www.flickr.com/photos/ciagov/albums/72157674852500522. Someone may want to upload a few of those to wikimedia commons and include them here. –70.36.196.50 (talk) 10:25, 12 February 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Planimeter


text: Category talk:Lists of tropical cyclones


text: Category:Hotels in Tuvalu

title: Category:Hotels in Tuvalu


text: Category:Tourism in Tuvalu

title: Category:Tourism in Tuvalu


text:
User talk:Hoagie3000

Non-free use disputed for Image:DestinationImaginationLogo.png
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An invitation to join WikiProject Ohio
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The first Wikipedian meetup in Ohio
Thanks! --Rkitko (talk) 20:21, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

January 2010
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Proposed deletion of Intelliturn

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title: User talk:Hoagie3000


text: Template:User Newbies

title: Template:User Newbies


text:
File:Harlondwide.jpg

Summary
Harlond, the harbour of Minas Tirith in New Line Cinema's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy.

Rationale for the fair use of this image iun Gondor:
 * The image is used to demonstrate the film's distinctive graphical style
 * The image is being used in an informative way and should not detract from the film
 * The image does not limit New Line Cinema's ability to sell or show the film

title: File:Harlondwide.jpg


text: File:Hedpebroke.jpg

title: File:Hedpebroke.jpg


text:
Mount Gilbert

Mount Gilbert can refer to:
 * Mount Gilbert (Alaska) in Alaska, USA
 * Mount Gilbert (Chugach Mountains) in Alaska, USA
 * Mount Gilbert (Antarctica)
 * Mount Gilbert (California) in California, USA
 * Mount Gilbert (Nevada) in Nevada, USA
 * Mount Gilbert (British Columbia), in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains
 * Mount Gilbert (Northern Ireland), near Belfast

title: Mount Gilbert


text:
Richland High School (Washington)

Richland High School is a public secondary school in the northwest United States, located in Richland, Washington. The school was founded as Columbia High School in 1910 to serve the educational needs of the small town of Richland. The building was replaced with a much larger structure by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1946 as the development of the neighboring Hanford Engineering Works brought an influx of employees to the region to support the war effort.

The small farming community continued to develop as weapons production climbed during the Cold War and the town was designated as a first class city in 1958. The facilities of Columbia High School were extensively renovated in 1964, and remodeled again in stages between 1995 and 2006. Columbia High was renamed Richland High School in 1982. The school is now part of the Richland School District. Until the founding of Hanford Falcons in 1972, Richland High was the only high school in the city.

Richland's mascot is the "Bomber", officially named for the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress built in Seattle, but also in recognition of the city's contributions as an "Atomic City" in World War Two. Hanford was home to the Manhattan Project's B Reactor, the first full-scale plutonium production reactor in the world. Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the nuclear bomb detonated over Nagasaki, Japan. Mushroom cloud logos are proudly displayed throughout the school and the student body used to shout "nuke 'em" at sporting events.

In 2019, "Archie" a B-17 Ball Turret Gunner was named the first-ever character mascot at Richland High School. The mascot is named after Archie Purcell, a WWII veteran who was a ball turret gunner on the famous B-17 "A Days Pay".

As the region has diversified since its past as a federally owned Atomic City where 90% of the population was either employed by or a dependent of Hanford, the school has since received criticism for its depiction of a mushroom cloud as an unofficial logo for the school, believing that the logo and the mascot to be a reminder of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Athletics
Richland High has an enrollment of roughly 2,000; its WIAA classification is 4A, for the state's largest schools. The football stadium, which is used for both Richland and Hanford High School events, is located immediately adjacent to the grounds of Richland High School, and was named Fran Rish Stadium in his honor in 1986.

Football
The Bombers were state champions in 1981, 1999, and 2017, and played in the title game in 1975, 1996, and 2016.

Cross country
Richland was a cross-country power in the early 1970s, winning a then-record five straight AAA state boys' titles. The RHS girls' cross-country team won the state championship in 1993, and qualified for state in 2005, 2006, and 2022.

Soccer
RHS has a strong girls' and boys' soccer program. The 1999 state champion team, led by future United States World Cup and gold medal-winning goalkeeper Hope Solo, was undefeated and ranked fourth in the nation. Both the boys' and girls' team were state champions in 2003.

Baseball
Richland High School's baseball team has been successful, winning four state titles in eleven years (1999, 2005, 2007, 2009), and another in 2018. This was especially impressive considering the football team had won state earlier in that same school year. One of the team's alumni is Travis Buck of the Cleveland Indians, formerly of the Oakland Athletics.

Basketball
Richland has won three state championships in boys' basketball, most recently in 1979, a team led on the floor by Brian Kellerman among others. Previous state titles were in 1972 and 1958; and the Bombers made the state semi-finals seven times in eight years in the 1970s, advancing to five finals. In the 1960s, they won the third place game four times in five years. Kellerman was a four-year starter at Idaho, a top ten team in 1982, and he was the Big Sky player of the year as a sophomore in 1981.

Golf
Richland High School has had a strong boys' golf program since the late 1960s. The Bombers won back to back state golf titles in 1968 and 1969. RHS won three state championships in the span of five years between 2000 and 2005. In 2016 the school placed second in the state.

Alumni

 * James Albaugh: Class of 1968 – former CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes
 * Kayla Barron: Class of 2006 – NASA astronaut, and submarine warfare officer.
 * Travis Buck: Class of 2002 – MLB outfielder
 * Gene Conley: Class of 1948 – MLB pitcher and NBA forward
 * Larry Coryell: Class of 1961 – musician, jazz fusion guitarist
 * Kathleen Flenniken: Class of 1978 – poet, Washington State Poet Laureate
 * Santino Fontana: Class of 2000 – stage actor, director, and composer
 * Liz Heaston: Class of 1997 – soccer and football, first woman to score a point in a college football game
 * Kurt Kafentzis: former NFL defensive back
 * Mark Kafentzis: former NFL defensive back
 * Brian Kellerman: Class of 1979 - basketball player
 * John Lesko: Class of 2006 – USSF Division 2 Professional League defender
 * James Mattis: Class of 1968 – USMC General, commander of U.S. Central Command, and Secretary of Defense
 * John Meyers: Class of 1958 – NFL defensive tackle
 * Greg Olson: Class of 1981 – NFL assistant coach
 * Michael Peterson: Class of 1977 – singer, country singer
 * Leon Rice: Class of 1981 – basketball coach at Boise State University
 * Kathryn Ruemmler – White House Counsel to President Barack Obama June 2011 – June 2014
 * Westley Allan Dodd: Class of 1979 - American serial killer
 * Hope Solo: Class of 1999 – U.S. Soccer Federation and Women's Professional Soccer goalkeeper
 * Sharon Tate: Class of 1961 (attended) – actress
 * Mark Watrous: Class of 1996 – Guitarist for The Shins
 * Eric Yardley: Class of 2009 – MLB pitcher

title: Richland High School (Washington)


text:
Manufacturing in Japan

Japan's major export industries include automobiles, consumer electronics (see Electronics industry in Japan), computers, semiconductors, copper, and iron and steel. Additional key industries in Japan's economy are petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, bioindustry, shipbuilding, aerospace, textiles, and processed foods. The Japanese manufacturing industry is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. Japanese manufacturing and industry is very diversified, with a variety of advanced industries that are highly successful. Industry accounts for 30.1% (2017) of the nation's GDP. The country's manufacturing output is the third highest in the world. Well-known Japanese manufacturing and tech companies include Toyota, Nissan, Honda, Fujitsu, Yamaha, Epson, Toshiba, Sony, Panasonic, Nintendo, Sega, Nippon, Takeda Pharma, Mazda, Subaru, Isuzu, Mitsubishi Co, Komatsu, Sharp, Nikon, Canon, NEC and Hitachi are from Japan.

Steel
In 2018, the top three export markets for Japan were: South Korea, Thailand (Nippon Steel, JFE Steel and Kobe Steel) accounting for 85.25 million metric tons, or 82 percent of total 2018 production, based on available data.

The iron and steel industry of Japan is mainly concentrated in the Tokyo-China region, Chukyo region, Osaka - Kobe, Fukuoka-Yamaguchi, Oka-Yamaha and Hokkaido region contributes about 20 per cent of the Japanese steel production. Major cities in where steel industries based are Kobe, Osaka and Kitakyushu.

Shipbuilding
Japan dominated world shipbuilding in the late 1980s, filling more than half of all orders worldwide. Its closest competitors were South Korea and Spain, with 9 percent and 5.2 percent of the market, respectively.

The Japanese shipbuilding industry was hit by a lengthy recession from the late 1970s through most of the 1980s, which resulted in a drastic cutback in the use of facilities and in the work force, but there was a sharp revival in 1989. The industry was helped by a sudden rise in demand from other countries that needed to replace their aging fleets and from a sudden decline in the South Korean shipping industry. In 1988, Japanese shipbuilding firms received orders for 4.8 million gross tons of ships, but this figure grew to 7.1 million gross tons in 1989.

Although facing competition from South Korea and China, Japan retains a successful, advanced shipbuilding manufacturing industry. Japan lost its leading position in the industry to South Korea in 2004, and its market share has since fallen sharply.

Biotechnology and pharmaceutics
The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries experienced strong growth in the late 1980s. Pharmaceutical production grew an estimated 8 percent in 1989 because of increased expenditures by Japan's rapidly aging population. Leading producers actively develop new drugs, such as those for degenerative and geriatric diseases. Pharmaceutical companies were establishing tripolar networks connecting Japan, the United States, and Western Europe to co-ordinate product development. They also increased merger and acquisition activity overseas. Biotechnology research and development was progressing steadily, including the launching of marine biotechnology projects, with full-scale commercialization expected to take place in the 1990s.

Biotechnology research covered a wide variety of fields: agriculture, animal husbandry, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food processing, and fermentation. Human hormones and proteins for pharmaceutical products were sought through genetic recombination using bacteria.

Biotechnology also is used to enhance bacterial enzyme properties to further improve amino-acid fermentation technology, a field in which Japan is the world leader. The government cautions Japanese producers, however, against overoptimism regarding biotechnology and bioindustry. The research race both in Japan and abroad intensified in the 1980s, leading to patent disputes and forcing some companies to abandon research. Also, researchers began to realize that such drug development continually showed new complexities, requiring more technical breakthroughs than first imagined. Yet, despite these problems, research and development was still expected to be successful and to end in product commercialization in the mid-term.

In 2006, the Japanese pharmaceutical market was the second largest individual market in the world. With sales of $60 billion it constitutes approximately 11 percent of the world market. The Japanese Pharmaceutical Industry and Laws are very particular. They are ruled by The Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare which was established by a merger of the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Ministry of Labor, on January 6, 2001, as part of the Japanese government program for re-organizing government ministries.

Oil and gas and petrochemical
The petrochemical industry experienced moderate growth in the late 1980s because of steady economic expansion. The highest growth came in the production of plastics, polystyrene, and polypropylene. Prices for petrochemicals remained high because of increased demand in the newly developing economies of Asia.

By 1990, the construction of factory complexes to make ethylene-based products in the South Korea and Thailand was expected to increase supplies and reduce prices. In the long term, the Japanese petrochemical industry is likely to face intensifying competition as a result of the integration of domestic and international markets and the efforts made by other Asian countries to catch up with Japan.

Motor vehicles and machinery
The motor vehicle industry is one of the most successful industries in Japan, with large world shares in the automobile, electric vehicle, electronics, parts, tire and engine manufacturing industries. Global Japanese motor vehicle companies include:

 * Toyota
 * Lexus
 * Hino
 * Daihatsu
 * Honda
 * Acura
 * Nissan
 * Infiniti
 * Suzuki
 * Mazda
 * Mitsubishi
 * Subaru
 * Isuzu

Denso is the world's largest company in automotive component manufacturing. In addition, Honda, Suzuki, Yamaha and Kawasaki are global motorcycle companies. Japan is home to six of the top ten largest vehicle manufacturers in the world. For example, it is home to multinational companies such as Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Suzuki and Mazda. Some of these companies cross-over to different sectors such as electronics to produce electronic equipment as some of them being a part of keiretsu. Japan's automobiles are generally known for their quality, durability, fuel efficiency and more features for a relatively lower price than their competitors.

Japanese automakers Mitsubishi and Toyota have had their patents violated by a number of Myanmar car companies, such as UD Group (Mandalay) and Kyar Koe Kaung (Yangon). These companies produced Mitsubishi and Toyota products including Mitsubishi Pajero, Toyota TownAce pickup trucks and other various types of Japanese cars under their own marques (e.g., Khit Tayar Pajero, Shwe Surf, UD Light Truck and KKK Light Truck) without license.

Exports and the Japanese market
In 1991, Japan produced 9.7 million automobiles, making it the largest producer in the world; the United States in that year produced 5.4 million. Just under 46 percent of the Japanese output was exported. Automobiles, other motor vehicles, and automotive parts were the largest class of Japanese exports throughout the 1980s. In 1991 they accounted for 17.8 percent of all Japanese exports, a meteoric rise from only 1.9 percent in 1960 with kaya being one of the largest exporters. Fear of protectionism in the United States (in the wake of the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo where Japanese automobile manufacturers began exporting automobiles en masse) led to major direct foreign investment in the U.S. by Japanese automobile manufacturers. By the end of the 1980s, all the major Japanese producers had automotive assembly lines operating in the United States: Isuzu has a joint plant with Subaru; one of Toyota's plants is in Alabama. Following the major assembly firms, Japanese producers of automobile parts also began investing in the United States in the late 1980s, most Japanese auto parts are nevertheless made in Japan. Automobiles were a major area of contention for the Japan-United States relationship during the 1980s. When the price of oil rose in the 1979 energy crisis, demand for small automobiles increased, which worked to the advantage of Japan's exports to the United States market. As the Japanese share of the market increased, to 21.8 percent in 1981, pressures rose to restrict imports from Japan. The result of these pressures was a series of negotiations in early 1981, which produced a voluntary export agreement limiting Japan's shipments to the United States to 1.68 million units (excluding certain kinds of specialty vehicles and trucks). This agreement remained in effect for the rest of the decade, but Japanese competition only increased with new plants being built and with the export agreement being voluntary. The Japanese Big Three (Toyota, Nissan, Honda) also sold luxury automobiles similar to its European counterparts (BMW, Audi, Mercedes, Jaguar) where it was possible to yield profits - since the parent companies had a connotation as an econobox manufacturer with their mass market automobiles, they established their stand-alone luxury marques (Lexus, Acura, Infiniti) where the parent company marketed the same product as a JDM (Japanese Domestic Model). The luxury marques (sold initially for the USA market) may not have their own brand language or brand identity of its own since they are often associated with their parent companies. Similar voluntary restraints on Japanese exports were imposed by Canada and several West European countries. Nonetheless, Japanese car competition only increased due to new plants being built and with the export agreements being voluntary. Since then, tensions have greatly decreased. Canada and Western Europe, like the U.S., repealed restrictions on Japanese auto imports. Nissan has an assembly plant in Sunderland in England.

Imports
Foreign penetration of the automotive market in Japan has been less successful partly because of the population density and limited space of the country. Imports of foreign automobiles were very low during the forty years prior to 1985, never exceeding 60,000 units annually, or 1 percent of the domestic market. Trade and investment barriers restricted imported automobiles to an insignificant share of the market in the 1950s, and as barriers were finally lowered, strong control over the distribution networks made penetration difficult. The major United States automobile manufacturers acquired minority interests in some Japanese firms when investment restrictions were relaxed, Ford obtaining a 25 percent interest in Toyo Kogyo (Mazda), General Motors a 34 percent interest in Isuzu, and Chrysler a 15 percent interest in Mitsubishi Motors. This ownership did not provide a means for United States automobiles to penetrate the Japanese market, and the American car companies eventually got rid of their shares of the Japanese carmakers. One concern was that the USA market automobiles sold in Japan were imposed a taxation bracket due to vehicle sizing and engine displacement - which affected sales.

After the strong appreciation of the yen in 1985, however, Japanese demand for foreign automobiles increased, but with most cars imported from Germany. In 1988, automobile imports totaled 150,629 units, of which 127,309 were European, mostly West German. Only 21,124 units were imported from the United States at that time.

Aerospace
The aerospace industry received a major boost in 1969 with the establishment of the National Space Development Agency (now Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), which was charged with the development of satellites and launch vehicles.

The Japanese military industry, although a small share of GDP, is a major sector of the economy. It is technologically advanced and is very successful, and has produced such aircraft as the new Mitsubishi fighter planned to be launched. ASIMO is an advanced humanoid robot manufactured by Honda Company.

Food
The production value of the food industry ranked third among manufacturing industries after electric and transport machinery. Japan produces a great variety of products, ranging from traditional Japanese items, such as soybean paste (miso) and soy sauce, to beer and meat.

The industry as a whole experienced mild growth in the 1980s, primarily from the development of such new products as "dry beer" and precooked food, which was increasingly used because of the tendency of family members to dine separately, the trend toward smaller families, and convenience.

A common feature of all sectors of the food industry was their internationalization. As domestic raw materials lost their price competitiveness following the liberalization of imports, food makers more often produced foodstuffs overseas, promoted tie-ups with overseas firms, and purchased overseas firms.

In 2004, the Japanese food industry was worth $600 billion whilst food processing was worth $209 billion. This is comparable to the food industries of the United States and the EU. They also develop an abundance of sugar confectionery products.

Electronics
Japan has 7 of top 20 largest chip manufacturers as of 2005. Japanese electronics are known for their quality, durability, and technological sophistication. Some of these companies cross over to automobile and finance sectors as part of a keiretsu. Many of the world's major electronics companies are based in Japan, includes:

 * Canon
 * Casio
 * Citizen
 * Fujitsu
 * Hitachi
 * Mitsubishi Electric
 * NEC
 * Nikon
 * Nintendo
 * Panasonic
 * SEGA
 * Sharp
 * Seiko
 * Sony
 * Toshiba
 * Yamaha

Japan's computer industry developed with extraordinary speed and moved into international markets. Japanese computer technologies are some of the most advanced in the world. The leading computer main frame manufacturers in Japan at the end of the 1980s (in the domestic market) were Fujitsu, Hitachi, NEC, IBM Japan and Unisys. Leading personal computer manufacturers were NEC, Fujitsu, Seiko Epson, Toshiba and IBM Japan. In 1988, Japan exported US$1.5 billion of computer equipment, up more than twelvefold from the US$122 million in 1980. Japanese firms were not very successful in exporting mainframe computers, but they did very well in peripheral equipment, such as printers and tape drives. In the rapidly growing personal computer market, Japan achieved a major market share in the United States during the 1980s. Imports of computer equipment in 1988 came to US$3.2 billion (including parts).

Economic developments, namely outsourcing and globalization made these disputes obsolete by the 1990s. Japanese and U.S. influence in the computer market dwindled, with Taiwanese and mainland Chinese companies taking over component production and later research and development.

title: Manufacturing in Japan


text:
Falak Sar (Swat)

Falak Sar (فلک سر; also known as Falak Sair) is the highest mountain peak in Ushu Valley of Swat, Pakistan at an elevation of 5957 m, it is considered the highest peak of the Swat district in the Hindu Kush mountains range, followed by Mankial mountain peak.

Ascent History
This mountain was climbed for the first time by W.K.A Berry and C.H. Tyndale-Biscoe of New Zealand in 1957 from its North ridge. The second ascent was made by Dr. Wolf Gang Stephen who also climbed Distaghil Sar and Malika Parbat. Carlo Pinelli attempted another peak in the Hindu Raj which is the only 6000 of this part of Hindu Kush. They named it Maingol Sar. Similarly, another ascent was made by a Japanese expedition from Yamaguchi University was composed of Yoshiyuki Nagahiro and Toshiyuki Akiyama. After traveling by car from Peshawar through Saidu Sharif, capital of Swat, to Matiltan, they continued on and headed up the Falak Sar valley, where at 11,000 feet on August 15 they established Base Camp. On August 20 they climbed Falak Sar (19,417 feet), which has had numerous previous ascents. After returning to Matiltan, they went through Kalam to the Amagal valley to an advanced base at 12,000 feet. They ascended the east side above their advanced base and reached a small peak which was called Maga Sar by the natives. They found no Miangul Sar (19,554 feet) but there was a peak called Par (c. 18,000 feet) in the position assigned the former peak.

On August 17, 2020, Hamza Anees along with his team members Ahmed Mujtaba and Adnan Saleem became first Pakistani to reach the summit of Falak Sar via north ridge.

title: Falak Sar (Swat)


text:
Coast horned lizard

The coast horned lizard (Phrynosoma coronatum) is a species of phrynosomatid lizard endemic to Baja California Sur in Mexico. As a defense the lizard can shoot high pressure streams of blood out of its eyes if threatened.

Taxonomy
It was previously considered to be a widely divergent species with over six subspecies ranging from Baja California north to California's Sacramento Valley. Bayard H. Brattstrom of California State University, Fullerton's Department of Biology claims that there are no subspecies of the coast horned lizard. Studying specimens from the San Diego Natural History Museum, he could not match a given lizard to a particular claimed subspecies — for example, Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillii or Phrynosoma coronatum frontale — based on characteristics the subspecies were said to have, such as size of frontal scales. Instead, the classification of the assumed subspecies seemed to be based on the site at which it was collected. Thus, Brattstrom concluded that the species has much variation but no valid subspecies.

However, a 2009 study by Leaché et al. found sufficient genetic divergence (based on mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA) between clades to split P. coronatum into three species: P. blainvillii, P. cerroense, and P. coronatum sensu stricto. This splitting leaves P. coronatum restricted to Baja California Sur. However, in 2021 Gunther Köhler again reclassified blainvillii and cerroense as subspecies of P. coronatum, although the Reptile Database has not followed this taxonomic change.

Description
The coast horned lizard appears rough and spiky but is actually smooth-skinned, although it has sharp spikes along its sides, back and head. It is a large species, and can reach 10 cm (4 inches) excluding the tail. It is less rounded than other horned lizards. It has two large dark blotches behind its head, followed by three broad bands on its body, with several smaller bands along the tail. Its colour can be various shades of brown, with cream 'accents' around the blotches and the outer fringe of its scales.

Variations
There are four different variations of coast horned lizards that share several similarities but vary in morphological characters. However, another variation, Phrynosoma wigginsi, cannot be categorized into the four other variations. This species lives in the eastern side of the Sierra de Guadalupe and Sierra de la Giganta in the central Gulf Coast region of the peninsula of Baja California.

title: Coast horned lizard


text:
Passive data structure

In computer science and object-oriented programming, a passive data structure (PDS), also termed a plain old data structure or plain old data (POD), is a record, in contrast with objects. It is a data structure that is represented only as passive collections of field values (instance variables), without using object-oriented features.

Rationale
Passive data structures are appropriate when there is a part of a system where it should be clearly indicated that the detailed logic for data manipulation and integrity are elsewhere. PDSs are often found at the boundaries of a system, where information is being moved to and from other systems or persistent storage and the problem domain logic that is found in other parts of the system is irrelevant. For example, PDS would be convenient for representing the field values of objects that are being constructed from external data, in a part of the system where the semantic checks and interpretations needed for valid objects are not applied yet.

In C++
A PDS type in C++, or Plain Old C++ Object, is defined as either a scalar type or a PDS class. A PDS class has no user-defined copy assignment operator, no user-defined destructor, and no non-static data members that are not themselves PDS. Moreover, a PDS class must be an aggregate, meaning it has no user-declared constructors, no private nor protected non-static data, no virtual base classes and no virtual functions. The standard includes statements about how PDS must behave in C++. The  library in the C++ Standard Library provides a template named   that can be used to determine whether a given type is a POD. In C++20 the notion of “plain old data” (POD) and by that  is deprecated and replaced with the concept of “trivial” and “standard-layout” types.

In some contexts, C++ allows only PDS types to be used. For example, a  in C++98 cannot contain a class that has virtual functions or nontrivial constructors or destructors. This restriction is imposed because the compiler cannot determine which constructor or destructor should be called for a union. PDS types can also be used for interfacing with C, which supports only PDS.

In Java
In Java, some developers consider that the PDS concept corresponds to a class with public data members and no methods (Java Code Conventions 10.1), i.e., a data transfer object. Others would also include Plain old Java objects (POJOs), a class that has methods but only getters and setters, with no logic, and JavaBeans to fall under the PDS concept if they do not use event handling and do not implement added methods beyond getters and setters. However, POJOs and Java Beans have encapsulation, and so violate the fundamental definition of PDS.

Records (introduced in Java 16, in 2021) are shallowly immutable carriers of data without encapsulation, and therefore they can also be considered PDS.

In other languages
In PHP, associative arrays and stdClass objects can be considered PDS.

Other structured data representations such as XML or JSON can also be used as a PDS if no significant semantic restrictions are used.

In Python, dataclass module provides dataclasses - often used as behaviourless containers for holding data, with options for data validation. The dataclasses in python, introduced in version 3.7, that provide a convenient way to create a class and store data values. The data classes use to save our repetitive code and provide better readability.

In C, structs are used in the same manner.

title: Passive data structure


text:
After the Night and the Music

After the Night and the Music is a one-act play in three parts, written by Elaine May. It opened in 2005. May derived the name of the play from the Howard Dietz song "You and the Night and the Music".

Curtain Raiser
The aptly-titled Curtain Raiser is set in the bar of a dance hall where a grim woman and an overweight former dance instructor connect. The grim woman attempts to deflect any advances by the man, telling him that when dancing she can only lead. In response, he teaches her how to improve her technique as she leads.

Giving Up Smoking
Giving Up Smoking introduces us to Joanne, a lonely, middle-aged woman waiting to hear from Mel, her date for that evening. We are also introduced to Joanne's best friend Sherman, a lonely, middle-aged gay man waiting to hear from potential new boyfriend Gavin and Sherman's cancer-ridden but brightly optimistic mother Kathleen. One further introduction includes the guitar-strumming Mel, whose policy is to dump a woman before she becomes emotionally demanding.

The four characters discuss hopes and dreams, reminiscing about happier days in monologues that each character delivers from a separate area of the stage.

Swing Time
In Swing Time, Mitzi and her husband Darryl are preparing for the imminent arrival of old friends Gail and Ron. The nature of the evening is revealed when highly-strung Mitzi bemoans the fact her bra and panties don't match. The two couples are slowly easing themselves into the intended purpose of the evening when the phone rings and Mitzi refers to "the private line". Her friends' indignation at not being given the number, and Mitzi's increasingly complicated reasons why they weren't given said number, disrupt the evening's plans in May's typically comic fashion.

Production
After 39 previews, the Manhattan Theatre Club production, directed by Daniel Sullivan and choreographed by Randy Skinner, opened on June 1, 2005, at the Biltmore Theatre. Being hampered by mostly lukewarm reviews,  with the Hollywood Reporter saying that the play "too often smacks of warmed-over humor". The play ran for only 38 performances. The cast included Jeannie Berlin, Jere Burns, Brian Kerwin, J. Smith-Cameron, Joanna Glushak, Eddie Korbich, and Deirdre Madigan.

title: After the Night and the Music


text:
Bonče

Bonče (Бонче) is a village in the Prilep municipality, in North Macedonia. It used to be part of the former municipality of Topolčani.

In September 2007 archeological excavations revealed a tomb of what is believed to be the burial site of a Macedonian ruler dating 4th century BC. Fragmented ancient Macedonian shields were discovered carrying the inscription of the "ruler Demetrius".

title: Bonče


text:
Mount Gilbert (Antarctica)

Mount Gilbert (-69.26667°N, -66.28333°W) is a mountain, 1,420 m high, on the divide between Airy Glacier and Seller Glacier, 5 mi northwest of Mount Castro, in the west-central Antarctic Peninsula.

It was photographed from the air by the British Graham Land Expedition in February 1937, and the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in November 1947. It was surveyed from the ground by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in December 1958, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for William Gilbert, an English physician whose pioneer work De magnete, magneticisque corporibus (1600) laid the foundations for an understanding of earth magnetism and the variation of the compass.

title: Mount Gilbert (Antarctica)


text:
User:Celestianpower/The 10 Random Pages Test

This is so blantantly stolen from User:Ambi (here) that it's not funny.

 * 1) Microbiological medium (needing a merge) (5/10)
 * 2) Museum of the Order of St John (very good article) (8.5/10)
 * 3) List of female top executives (bordering on AfD-able) (1.5/10)
 * 4) Malta national rugby league team (okay stub) (5.5/10)
 * 5) Blackfriars Arts Centre (good stub) (6.5/10)
 * 6) Elsweyr (badly in need of some care and attention (and some wikifying)) (3.5/10)
 * 7) Homiletic and Pastoral Review (needs sectioning really but not that bad) (6.5/10)
 * 8) Stinger (mascot) (one line substub) (1.5/10)
 * 9) Reed Gold Mine (good article) (7.5/10)
 * 10) Rosary (excelent article) (9.5/10)

So, with four of these having a score of 5/10 or less, I may as well fix them up myself as a side-project. When all ten are of a decent standard, I'll repeat.


text:
Ake v. Oklahoma

Ake v. Oklahoma, 470 U.S. 68 (1985), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment required the state to provide a psychiatric evaluation to be used on behalf of an indigent criminal defendant if he needed it.

Background
Glen Burton Ake was arrested and charged with murdering a couple and wounding their two children in 1979. At his arraignment, his bizarre behavior prompted the judge to order a psychiatric competency evaluation. This resulted in a report by the examining psychiatrist that Ake was delusional, and specifically that Ake "claims to be the 'sword of vengeance' of the Lord and that he will sit at the left hand of God in heaven." Ake was diagnosed as a probable paranoid schizophrenic, and a prolonged psychiatric evaluation was recommended to determine whether Ake was competent to stand trial.

Ake was then confined to a state hospital for several months, before he came to trial. Ake's attorney requested that the court appoint a psychiatrist to perform an evaluation specifically for the purpose of helping to adequately prepare and present an insanity defense. The court denied the request, holding that Ake had no right to such assistance. Ake was then tried and convicted of two counts of murder, and sentenced to death.

Opinion of the Court
The Court, in an opinion by Justice Marshall, framed the question as one of "[m]eaningful access to justice", weighing the individual interest in the accuracy of a criminal proceeding against the burden imposed on the state, in light of "the probable value of the psychiatric assistance sought, and the risk of error in the proceeding if such assistance is not offered".

The Court found that both the individual and the state had a strong interest, but that "the State's interest in prevailing at trial - unlike that of a private litigant - is necessarily tempered by its interest in the fair and accurate adjudication of criminal cases." Requiring the state to make one psychiatrist available to indigent defendants was not an excessive financial burden, and the state could not assert the desire to press a strategic advantage at trial.

The Court reversed the lower court's judgment and remanded the matter for a new trial.

Chief Justice Burger wrote a brief concurring opinion, writing for himself that "Nothing in the Court's opinion reaches noncapital cases." Before the opinions were finalized, Burger had tried to persuade Marshall to limit his opinion to capital cases, but failed.

Post-Opinion
After a retrial, Ake was convicted and received two life sentences. His accomplice, Steven Keith Hatch (October 9, 1953 - August 9, 1996) was executed in 1996 for the slayings even though he had waited in a car outside the family's home. According to People magazine, Hatch was inside the house. Leslie Brooks, who was 12 years old, testified that he raped her. Then Ake shot the family of four, the two children survived having watched their parents die. Ake died at a prison hospital in Oklahoma on April 23, 2011.

title: Ake v. Oklahoma


text:
Mehri language

Mehri or Mahri (مهريّت) is the most spoken of the Modern South Arabian languages (MSALs), a subgroup of the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic family. It is spoken by the Mehri tribes, who inhabit isolated areas of the eastern part of Yemen, western Oman, particularly the Al Mahrah Governorate, with a small number in Saudi Arabia near the Yemeni and Omani borders. Up to the 19th century, speakers lived as far north as the central part of Oman.

Mehri and its sister MSALs were spoken in the southern Arabian Peninsula before the spread of Arabic along with Islam in the 7th century CE. Today it is also spoken by Mehri residents in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, as well as in Kuwait by guest workers originally from South Arabia, as well as nationals with a South Arabian heritage.

Given the dominance of Arabic in the region over the past 1400 years and the frequent bilingualism with Arabic among Mehri speakers, Mehri is at some risk of extinction. It is primarily a spoken language, with little existing vernacular literature and almost no literacy in written Mehri among native speakers.

Dialects
Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani noted that "the Mahra speak a barbarous tongue like foreigners". Elsewhere, Hamdani showed extensive knowledge of Arabian dialects, each of which was rated in its distance from classical Arabic.

Today, Mehri exists in two main dialects, Yemeni Mehri (also known as Southern Mehri) and Omani Mehri (also known as Dhofari Mehri and Nagd Mehri). Omani Mehri is spoken by a smaller population and shows no significant variation within itself, but Yemeni Mehri is further divided into western and eastern dialects.

Phonology
Unlike other Modern South Arabian languages (MSALs), Mehri 'emphatic' consonants are not simply ejectives. They may also be pharyngealized, as in Arabic, so it is possible for Mehri to attest to a transition from proto-Semitic ejective consonants to the pharyngealized emphatics that are found in many Semitic languages.

The consonant inventory is as follows:

 * /ɡ/ can be realized as an affricate [dʒ] or palatal plosive [ɟ] in the Yemeni dialect.
 * Mahriyōt dialect in Hawf and younger generation of al-Rubūʕah have <ḏ̣> as [ʫ̪ˁ], women speakers of the dialects tend to use an affricate which is sometimes pronounced as voiceless [t͡ʪ].

The vowel inventory is as follows: Voiced obstruents, or at least voiced stops, devoice in pausa. In this position, both the voiced and emphatic stops are ejective, losing the three-way contrast ( is ejective in all positions). Elsewhere, the emphatic and (optionally) the voiced stops are pharyngealized. Emphatic (but not voiced) fricatives have a similar pattern, and in non-pre-pausal position they are partially voiced.

The difference in place of the laterals is not clear. It may be that the approximant is denti-alveolar, like the alveolar occlusives, and the lateral fricatives apical, or it may be that the latter are palato-alveolar or alveolo-palatal. The fricatives are typically transcribed ś, etc.

is only in Arabic loans. It is not clear if the rhotic is a trill or a tap.

Morphology
The following are the personal pronouns of Mehri:

The following are the possessive suffix versions of those pronouns:

The independent pronouns can also be placed after the genitive exponent (ð-) to convert them into possessive pronouns ("mine" etc).

Writing system
Mehri, like other Modern South Arabian languages, possesses a rich oral tradition, but not a written one. There exist two main approaches to writing the language: using the standard Arabic alphabet or using a modified Arabic alphabet that contains additional letters to represent sounds unique to Mehri.

The most common approach is using the unmodified Arabic alphabet. However, standard Arabic’s deficiencies with respect to MSAL result in this approach representing multiple phonemes with the same letters. (Note that, in both Arabic and modified Arabic systems, the vowels are not explicitly differentiated, but are differentiated by the readers through context.)

The modified Arabic alphabet has a few systems, none of which is standardized. The most commonly used modified Arabic additional letters as documented in use (e.g., in text messages, email, etc.) by the MSAL centre at the University of Leeds; a proposed set of additional letters for the Arabic alphabet to adapt it to be able to be a good systemic for writing MSAL languages (including Mehri) by that same centre; and a separate set of additional letters proposed by Almahrah.net for the same purpose are given (along with IPA phonetic transcription and Romanizations) in the columns of the table below.

title: Mehri language


text:
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:Gelgs

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. -Splash talk 03:04, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

User:Gelgs
attack page --Trovatore 19:05, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Userfied by RHaworth. Still looks like an insult page to me. Possibly Gelgs actually is Josh McElgunn; in that case I suppose it's OK, but he should have to prove it; otherwise people could post libel simply by claiming to be its target. --Trovatore 19:05, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Close call, because the attacks are mired in much nonsense. Still, the last sentence of the page is a clear attack, IMO. Xoloz 22:36, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.