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Muruga Booker

Steven Bookvich known as Muruga Booker (born December 27, 1942) is an American drummer, composer, inventor, artist, recording artist, and an autonomous Eastern Orthodox priest.

Biography
Booker was born in Detroit, Michigan, on December 27, 1942, at Highland Park General Hospital, and is of Serbian descent. His father, Melvin Bookvich, was a shoemaker who played accordion. He is married to Patti, aka Shakti, and they have a daughter named Rani, and a son named Aaron from a previous marriage. He previously lived in Detroit, New York City and Oakland, California. Since 1985, Booker and his family have lived in Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he has his own recording studio called Sage Ct. Studio, as well as an Eastern Orthodox Church where he is the priest, Saint Gregory Palamas Celtic Orthodox Church.

1950s
Booker first played the accordion before taking up drums as a preteen. He studied drums under Misha Bichkoff, a Russian music teacher.

1960s
He first professionally played drums in 1961 with "The Low Rocks" in Detroit as Steve Booker. Under that name he also achieved local recognition playing in 1962 with the "Thunder Rocks" and both bands released singles on the Sabre Records label, which they also created.

Booker became known for his long, driving drum solos. He shared the bill at venues like Detroit's Eastown Theatre and Grande Ballroom with Ted Nugent, Traffic, Jack Bruce, Mose Allison, Sam Lay, Jimmy Reed and many others. He often performed as Steve Booker's New Volume.

In 1964 he began playing with folk-rock singers Jim & Jean, and also performed on their recordings Changes and People World, which also featured Harvey Brooks on guitar and bass.

In 1964 and 1965, Booker played and recorded with the psychedelic folk rock band The Spike Drivers, and they recorded several songs including Can't Stand The Pain and I'm So Glad.

In 1965 he was asked by Richard Williams to become a member of The Casuals to back up Brenda Lee, and he toured with them for several months all over the USA.

Starting in 1966 he began playing with John Lee Hooker at many Detroit area venues, and they were often booked as Hooker and Booker.

In 1968 he joined the Paul Winter and The Winter Consort, and performed on their album Something in the Wind.

In 1969, at the first Woodstock Festival, he played drums for Tim Hardin, along with cellist Richard Bock, from The Winter Consort. At Woodstock he met Swami Satchidananda who invited him to visit him at the Integral Yoga Institute in New York City, where he gave him the name Muruga. While at the Integral Yoga Institute he became friends with pop artist Peter Max, who also did the artwork for Muruga's 1970 release of Rama Rama/Endless Path, which was also the first recording that Don Was engineered.

1970s
In January 1970, Booker played several songs with John Lee Hooker on a TV show called Detroit Tube Works, which was syndicated and aired on TV stations all over the United States.

In the early 1970s Booker often played with Ted Nugent, who referred to him in an interview as "dangerous and incredible" on drums. A song that was the result of a jam session with Nugent ended up becoming "Stranglehold", which was based around a drum beat and song of Booker's.

In November 1971, he recorded with Allen Ginsberg and Bob Dylan on sessions at The Record Plant, New York, NY, and the resulting recordings were included on several releases by Ginsberg, including First Blues and Ginsberg's box-set release Holy Soul Jelly Roll: Poems & Songs. The engineer on the sessions with Ginsberg and Dylan was Jack Douglas.

In 1971, Muruga met Darius Brubeck, the son of jazz pianist Dave Brubeck, and along with clarinetist Perry Robinson they formed the electronic experimental trio MBR. In 1972, they recorded the album Chaplin's Back which featured reinterpreted music compositions by actor Charlie Chaplin.

In 1973, Muruga joined the Darius Brubeck Ensemble, along with Perry Robinson. At that time, Dave Brubeck decided that he wanted his sons Darius and Chris Brubeck and their bands to tour with him, to open for his band the Dave Brubeck Quartet. Muruga toured as part of the Darius Brubeck Ensemble, along with Perry Robinson, and opened up for, and played alongside the quartet, which gave him the opportunity to play with Dave Brubeck, as well as alongside Gerry Mulligan and Paul Desmond and Alan Dawson. Muruga performed and toured with the band at many high-profile concerts, including an appearance at Carnegie Hall in New York City.

In 1973 and 1974, he recorded with Weather Report on their albums Sweetnighter and Mysterious Traveller.

1980s
In the late 1970s and early 1980s Booker lived in New York City and played with David Peel on several projects including "King of Punk" and "Death to Disco". While recording "Junk Rock" with David Peel, Muruga recorded for the first time with the Nada Drum that he invented (it was referred to as an "Electric Talking Drum" on this song).

In 1980 he moved back to Detroit, where he connected with funk legend George Clinton and became an official member of the P-Funk All-Stars. His band at that time, Muruga and the Soda Jerks, with Sly Stone on bass guitar, was recorded and produced by George Clinton and he appeared on many Parliament-Funkadelic and P-Funk All-Stars recordings, and related projects. Booker continues to work with George Clinton and play with the P-Funk All Stars as his schedule allows.

In mid-1985 he moved to Oakland, California, and formed the band Muruga UFM, which included Big Brother and the Holding Company guitarist James Gurley.

In 1989, he recorded with Prem Das on the drum meditation album Journey of the Drums, as well as two other trance drumming recordings, that he released on his Musart record label.

1990s
In 1990 he met Merl Saunders and they formed Merl Saunders and the Rainforest Band and recorded with Jerry Garcia, on the album Blues From the Rainforest. They toured to support the album with Steve Kimock on guitar, and John Popper on harmonica, and recorded Fiesta Amazonica, a 2 CD live recording called Save the Planet So We'll Have Someplace to Boogie as well as a live DVD of Blues From The Rainforest.

2000s
In 2000, after moving back to Michigan a couple years prior, Booker formed the band Muruga and The Global Village Ceremonial Band, and released the CD One Global Village, featuring P-Funk vocalist Belita Woods and Perry Robinson. They played at several festivals including the Starwood Festival, Rhythm Fest 1 with Mickey Hart, and Rhythm Fest 2 with Airto Moreira. In 2002 his recording company Musart and the Association for Consciousness Exploration co-hosted the SpiritDrum Festival, a tribute to Babatunde Olatunji, also featuring Sikiru Adepoju, Badal Roy, Jeff Rosenbaum, Richie "Shakin'" Nagan, Halim El-Dabh, Perry Robinson, and Jim Donovan of Rusted Root.

In 2003 he began playing and recording with jazz saxophonist Mark Hershberger, and Richard Smith (bass guitar) as the Global Jazz Trio and as a five piece group called The Global Jazz Project. Muruga no longer performs with The Global Jazz Trio or Global Jazz Project, but continues to record with Hershberger as a duo, or on various projects.

In 2004, Muruga formed the band Free Funk, featuring P-Funk All-Star rapper Louie "Babblin'" Kabbabie and George Clinton's son Tracey Lewis (aka Trey Lewd).

In October 2009, Muruga recorded what would become James Gurley's final recording projects, at his studio in Ann Arbor, Michigan. One of the recordings that resulted was called Big Huge, and was released on limited-edition vinyl by Qbico, in addition to another album with his band Free Funk, called Selfadelic Funk. Big Huge was remixed and remastered in 2016, with more songs included, and released as a digital download on Bandcamp.

2010s
In 2010, Muruga Booker and The Rain Forest Band (featuring Badal Roy on percussion, Perry Robinson on clarinet) played at the Detroit Jazz Festival.

In 2013 he formed Muruga & the Cosmic Hoedown Band (Later renamed to Muruga Cosmic Boogie), with Muruga (drums, guitar, and vocals), Shakti Booker (vocals & drums), Parliament Funkadelic member Tony "Strat" Thomas (guitar), Patrick Sarniak (guitar), Benjamin Piner (bass), Douglas Weaver (bass), and Ralph Koziarski (woodwinds, brass & percussion).

In 2012 & 2014 Muruga won a Detroit Music Award for "Outstanding World Music Instrumentalist". In 2014 he won the Detroit Music Award for "Outstanding World Music Recording" for "Joty Drums" by Muruga Booker, Pandit Samar Saha, & John Churchville. Booker has been the recipient of a total of six Detroit Music Awards.

In 2017, in honor of John Lee Hooker's 100th birthday anniversary celebration, he formed Booker Blues All-Stars and recorded a CD with the band called Booker Plays Hooker. The band consists of Muruga (drums), Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee Billy Davis (guitar & vocals), Tony "Strat" Thomas (guitar), John Sauter (bass guitar) (who also played with Hooker & Booker), Misty Love (former backup singer for Kid Rock), and special guest Peter "Madcat" Ruth.

Recording history highlights
Through the 1960s, as Steve Booker, he recorded with Jim and Jean on Changes in 1964, and on People World in 1966. He appeared on the Paul Winter Consort's Something in the Wind in 1968, and recorded a meditation record with Swami Satchidananda in 1969. During the 1970s he recorded with Darius Brubeck, Gunter Hampel, Al Kooper, Ursa Major, and with Weather Report. Muruga's band, Muruga and the Soda Jerks, were produced by George Clinton, and he recorded with George Clinton, Funkadelic, Bootsy Collins, and the P-Funk All Stars on many projects, and he is a lifetime member of the P-Funk Family.

In mid-1985 his band Muruga UFM recorded Terroristic Activities 1990 and Rock the Planet 1993. In 1990 he, his wife Shakti, and Prem Das recorded the long-selling Journey of the Drums, a pioneering drum album. That same year, Booker joined Merl Saunders and Jerry Garcia to record the Grammy-nominated album (and subsequent DVD) Blues From the Rainforest, and their live CDs Save the Planet So We'll Have Someplace to Boogie (1992) and Fiesta Amazonica (1998). He also joined Babatunde Olatunji and Sikiru Adepoju to record the CD Cosmic Rhythm Vibrations 1993, which was later remixed in surround sound and distributed on Chesky Records as Circle of Drums in 2005. With his Detroit-based band Free Funk, he recorded the self-titled colored vinyl LP titled Free Funk in 2005 which was released by Qbico Records. This band released the album OrthoFunkOlogy in 2008. Since then he has released several albums on his label Musart, including collaborations with many jazz, funk and World Music artists.

Discography

 * 1961 – Low Rocks – Blueberry Jam / Midnight Tears (single)
 * 1964 – Jim and Jean – Changes
 * 1965 – The Spike Drivers – I'm So Glad and Can't Stand The Pain (singles)
 * 1968 – Jim and Jean – People World
 * 1968 – Paul Winter Consort – Something in the Wind
 * 1971 – Allen Ginsberg and Bob Dylan sessions
 * 1972 – Ursa Major – Ursa Major (Dick Wagner)
 * 1972 – Darius Brubeck – Chaplin's Back
 * 1973 – Weather Report – Sweetnighter
 * 1973 – Al Kooper – Naked Songs
 * 1974 – Weather Report – Mysterious Traveller
 * 1978 – David Peel & Death – King of Punk
 * 1978 – Mitch Ryder – How I Spent My Vacation
 * 1981 – Funkadelic – The Electric Spanking of War Babies
 * 1982 – George Clinton – Computer Games
 * 1982 – Godmoma – Here (with Bootsy Collins)
 * 1983 – P-Funk All Stars – Urban Dance Floor Guerillas
 * 1984 – Muruga & The Soda Jerks – Boogy With You (single)
 * 1985 – George Clinton – Some of My Best Jokes Are Friends
 * 1989 – Prem Das, Muruga, and Shakti – Journey of the Drums
 * 1990 – Merl Saunders and The Rainforest Band – Blues From the Rainforest (with Jerry Garcia)
 * 1990 – Muruga – Muruga
 * 1992 – Muruga U.F.M. (Unified Field Marshals) – Rock The Planet
 * 1993 – Muruga & The Soda Jerks – George Clinton's Family Series: Testing Positive 4 The Funk
 * 1993 – George Clinton – Hey Man... Smell My Finger
 * 1994 – Sikiru Adepoju, Muruga, Babatunde Olatunji – Cosmic Rhythm Vibrations
 * 1994 – Allen Ginsberg – Holy Soul Jelly Roll: Poems & Songs (with Bob Dylan)
 * 1995 – P-Funk All Stars – Dope Dogs
 * 1995 – Parliament, Funkadelic, P-Funk All Stars Presents With Primal Scream – Police Doggy
 * 1995 – P-Funk All Stars – Hydraulic Funk
 * 1995 – David Peel & the Lower East Side – Up Against the Wall
 * 1998 – Merl Saunders & the Rainforest Band – Fiesta Amazonica
 * 1998 – Merl Saunders With His Funky Friends – 'Live!'
 * 2003 – Buzzy Linhart – Presents the Big Few
 * 2005 – Babatunde Olatunji – Circle of Drums
 * 2005 – Global Jazz Trio – Live in Detroit: Global Jazz Trio at Baker's Keyboard Lounge
 * 2009 – Global Jazz Project – Out Of This World: Live At The 30th Annual Detroit International Jazz
 * 2009 – Peter Walker – Long Lost Tapes 1970
 * 2010 – James Gurley & Muruga Booker – Big Huge
 * 2011 – David Leikam & Muruga Booker – After the Ice Cream (with John Churchville)
 * 2012 – Muruga Booker, Pandit Samir Saha, John Churchville – Joty Drums
 * 2013 – Muruga & The Cosmic Hoedown Band – Changing The Sound of Your Room
 * 2013 – Woodstock 40 Years On: Back to Yasgur's Farm (with Tim Hardin)
 * 2014 – David Leikam & Muruga Booker – Lunar Frequencies / Solar Rhythms
 * 2016 – Muruga & The Worms – Muruga & The Worms (with James Gurley)
 * 2016 – Wormhole Cafe (feat. P-Funk All-Stars & more) – At The Wormhole Cafe
 * 2016 – Muruga Cosmic Boogie – Harmonious World
 * 2017 – Muruga Booker – Bio-Harmonic Rhythms
 * 2017 – Booker Blues All Stars – Booker Plays Hooker
 * 2017 – Muruga & The Global Village Ceremonial Band – Muruga & The Global Village Ceremonial Band (remastered)
 * 2018 – Muruga Booker – Within The Within
 * 2020 – Muruga Booker – Boom Zoom
 * 2021 – Booker & Bridges DaLight – World Jamdemic
 * 2021 – Muruga Cosmic Boogie – All Night Long

Filmography

 * 1970 – John Lee Hooker at Detroit Tube Works (televised)
 * 1990 – Merl Saunders – Blues From The Rainforest: A Musical Suite Mobile Fidelity Sound Labs
 * 2000 – Merl Saunders – Blues From The Rainforest: A Musical Suite
 * 2005 – One: The Movie, Circle of Bliss Productions
 * 2012 – Groovemonster, Quantum Media Arts
 * 2014 – Border City Music Project documentary
 * 2022 – Sitting Bull Standing Tall, Media Stream LLC

Other achievements

 * In 1984 Booker invented and patented the nada drum, a variation on the talking drum, which was sold through Latin Percussion.
 * He is a recipient of the 1991 Hiroshima Voices for Peace award.
 * He was ordained as a priest in the Orthodox Church, and operates his own autonomous church, St. Gregory Palamas Orthodox Church, in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
 * He built and operates his own recording studio, Sage Ct. Studios, and founded his own record label, Musart, which he currently distributes through Bandcamp.
 * He has won several Detroit Music Awards in various categories including "Outstanding World Music Instrumentalist".
 * He won 2 "Best of Washtenaw County" Reader's Choice Awards.

title: Muruga Booker


text: File:Blink-182 - All the Small Things cover.jpg

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: User:JtKiEfEr

title: User:JtKiEfEr


text:
CUR

A cur is a type of dog.

CUR may refer to:
 * The IAAF code for Curaçao
 * The IATA code for Hato International Airport, Curaçao
 * Cambridge University Radio
 * , file format for cursor images from Microsoft, practically identical to ICO (icon image file format)
 * The Greater scaup was historically known in southern England as the Cur
 * The French gastronomic critic Curnonsky

title: CUR


text:
Redesdale

Redesdale is a valley in western Northumberland, England. It is formed by the River Rede, which rises in the Cheviots and flows down to join the North Tyne at Redesmouth. Redesdale is traversed by the A68 trunk road, which enters Scotland via Carter Bar at the head of the valley.

Redesdale contains the settlements of Elsdon, Otterburn, Rochester, and Byrness. Otterburn is the site of a British Army installation, Otterburn Training Area. A portion of Redesdale to the west and north of Otterburn forms part of Northumberland National Park and includes the Redesdale Forest, the northernmost part of Kielder Forest.

History
This valley has historically served as an important route into Scotland, and has seen conflict since the time of the Roman Empire.

After the Norman Conquest of 1066, the Norman noble family Umfraville gained lands in the area and were the first Lords of Redesdale.

In 1388, Otterburn was the site of a historic battle between armies from the kingdoms of England and Scotland, largely fought by moonlight. The Raid of the Redeswire, the last major battle between England and Scotland, took place at the head of the valley in 1575.

During the Middle Ages, Elsdon was the economic centre of the area: it served as the market town and as the gathering place for the local graynes (extended Border families). In modern times, the village of Otterburn now holds that distinction.

The British crown created the title Baron Redesdale in the 19th century.

title: Redesdale


text:
Talk:Evil Con Carne

Untitled
Doesn't "Evil Con Carne" mean literally "Evil With Meat"? --Geopgeop 17:28, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Sure does!--Bltpdx 07:00, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

Sorry about the minor character deletion; I probably should have been more judicious but the character descriptions were a bit informal and I thought it better to delete them rather than edit them with inaccurate information.--Bltpdx 21:37, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

Stub?
How is this a stub? Does it have to have a full episode guide before gaining article status? Cleanup, editing, wikified, character list, plot overview, history of the show...what are we missing? I've removed the "stub" status, but am willing to be convinced otherwise.--Bltpdx 06:48, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

Or...maybe that stub has been here the whole time, and I just never noticed. Sorry about that, anybody who was offended...--Bltpdx 06:51, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

..why must everyone on wikipedia link every single year and month??.. its not like anyone goes to 'evil con carne' and thinks 'ooh, let me remember what 2003 was'

What happened to Hector and Major Doctor Ghastly after the entertainment corporation bought up Bunny Island and then Mandy bought it off them or whatever?

Anon

New Look?
Just checking if I'm insane here, but didn't the show's look get an update like halfway through the season? Should we add this in the history section(If there even is one anymore)?? The new look was brighter so the technique wasn't identical to Billy & Mandy. I've been looking for a picture forever to check this but dang it there's nothing on the whole net!! I'm not totally sure exactly what episode it was that it was changed, but I'm guessing it was either No No Nanuk/Teenage Idol or Mother of all Evils/The HCCBDD. If anyone happens to find some concept art for the characters in their "new looks" please send a link. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.195.139.139 (talk) 18:45, 9 April 2007 (UTC).

Fair use rationale for Image:Evil Con Carne.gif
Image:Evil Con Carne.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 20:27, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Evil Con Carne


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Ian Fishback

Ian Fishback (January 19, 1979 – November 19, 2021) was a United States Army officer, who became known after he sent a letter to Senator John McCain of Arizona on September 16, 2005, in which Fishback stated his concerns about the continued abuse of prisoners held under the auspices of the Global War on Terror.

After receipt of his letter, McCain, along with Republican Senators John Warner and Lindsey Graham, wrote an amendment to a Senate bill that would make illegal previous Bush administration claims for the use of extreme methods of abuse.

Early life
Fishback was born in Detroit on January 19, 1979. He was a 1997 graduate of Newberry High School in Newberry, Michigan, where he played on a football team.

He was admitted to West Point and earned a bachelor of science degree in middle eastern studies in 2001. In May 2012, Fishback was awarded a master’s degree in philosophy and political science at the University of Michigan, writing his master thesis on just war theory. He received a Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Michigan in 2021.

Military service
Fishback served in the United States Army and achieved the rank of major in the United States Army Special Forces.

He served four combat tours in the U.S. Army, two with the 82nd Airborne and two with the Fifth Special Forces Group.

Fishback retired from the Army in 2014.

Teaching and research
From 2012 to 2015, Fishback served as an instructor at West Point, where he built good rapport with cadets. He collaborated with Jeff McMahan to create a joint philosophy seminar for West Point cadets and Rutgers philosophy students in 2013.

He became a Ph.D. student in philosophy at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor researching the interplay of morality and law regarding relative proportionality and necessity. In 2021, Fishback submitted his Ph.D. dissertation that was entitled, Method and the Morality of War (adviser Elizabeth S. Anderson).

As an interdisciplinary scholar exploring the moral foundations of obedience to orders and command responsibility in unconventional warfare contexts, he presented and participated in discussion panels on the intersection of national security and human rights, obedience to orders and the structure of the morality, appropriate use of military force, and strategic consequences of torture, among other topics.

In 2020, the Fulbright U.S. Scholar Program awarded Fishback the Fulbright-Lund Distinguished Chair of Public International Law grant to lecture and conduct research in Lund, Sweden at the Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law in January-October 2021. However, his increasing struggle with mental illness prevented him from continuing on with the course in the spring.

Later life and death
He returned to Newberry from Sweden and according to his family struggled with depression. Records from his multiple stays at various mental health facilities indicate only a vague diagnosis of unspecified psychotic disorder. Acquaintances, friends, and family all describe Fishback as experiencing extreme paranoia, suffering from the delusion that the U.S. government was tracking after him for his whistleblower activities. Fishback was shuffled between several different facilities during the last months of his life as the V.A. lacked facilities in Michigan to properly house and care for him. Veterans' Affairs later decided he did not qualify for services because he was neither suicidal nor a danger to others.

Ian Fishback died at a non-V.A. care facility in Bangor, Michigan, on November 19, 2021, aged 42. Despite being in excellent physical shape prior to admission in the facility, family members report that within two months, Fishback's health declined substantially. Per his medical records, he was kept heavily medicated and received no psychiatric treatment otherwise save for a single assessment before a transfer to an adult foster care facility, Cornerstone, ten days before his death. According to case management records, staff at Cornerstone continued to over-medicate him, to the point where social workers noted that Fishback could not move or reposition himself without help.

Following Fishback's death, Veterans' Affairs conducted an autopsy which stated his death as "sudden cardiac death in schizophrenia" despite the heart showing no visible or genetic abnormalities. The report did raise the possibility that the medications Fishback was being treated with could have caused his death, but nothing was settled. External and internal investigations conducted following the autopsy revealed that the V.A. had attempted to suppress documents showing Fishback's attempts to receive treatment from their facilities and deflect blame onto Fishback himself. They also attempted to shift blame onto the state facilities, though Cornerstone and Pathways both released statements arguing that they were not equipped to deal with a complex case where PTSD and traumatic brain injury related to military service could have been involved in Fishback's rapid mental health decline.

His memorial service with around 100 people in attendance was held at American Legion Post #74 in Newberry, Michigan.

Letter to McCain
While stationed in Iraq, for more than a year Fishback expressed concerns to his immediate chain of command regarding treatment of detainees at Forward Operating Base Mercury in Fallujah District but was ignored.

In 2005 he decided to write a letter to McCain about what he perceived as a military culture that was permissive toward the abuse of prisoners.

"Dear Senator McCain:

While I served in the Global War on Terror, the actions and statements of my leadership led me to believe that United States policy did not require application of the Geneva Conventions in Afghanistan or Iraq. On 7 May 2004, Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld's testimony that the United States followed the Geneva Conventions in Iraq and the "spirit" of the Geneva Conventions in Afghanistan prompted me to begin an approach for clarification. For 17 months, I tried to determine what specific standards governed the treatment of detainees by consulting my chain of command through battalion commander, multiple JAG lawyers, multiple Democrat and Republican Congressmen and their aides, the Ft. Bragg Inspector General's office, multiple government reports, the Secretary of the Army and multiple general officers, a professional interrogator at Guantanamo Bay, the deputy head of the department at West Point responsible for teaching Just War Theory and Law of Land Warfare, and numerous peers who I regard as honorable and intelligent men.

Instead of resolving my concerns, the approach for clarification process leaves me deeply troubled. Despite my efforts, I have been unable to get clear, consistent answers from my leadership about what constitutes lawful and humane treatment of detainees. I am certain that this confusion contributed to a wide range of abuses including death threats, beatings, broken bones, murder, exposure to elements, extreme forced physical exertion, hostage-taking, stripping, sleep deprivation and degrading treatment. I and troops under my command witnessed some of these abuses in both Afghanistan and Iraq.

This is a tragedy. I can remember, as a cadet at West Point, resolving to ensure that my men would never commit a dishonorable act; that I would protect them from that type of burden. It absolutely breaks my heart that I have failed some of them in this regard.

That is in the past and there is nothing we can do about it now. But, we can learn from our mistakes and ensure that this does not happen again. Take a major step in that direction; eliminate the confusion. My approach for clarification provides clear evidence that confusion over standards was a major contributor to the prisoner abuse. We owe our soldiers better than this. Give them a clear standard that is in accordance with the bedrock principles of our nation.

Some do not see the need for this work. Some argue that since our actions are not as horrifying as Al Qaeda's, we should not be concerned. When did Al Qaeda become any type of standard by which we measure the morality of the United States? We are America, and our actions should be held to a higher standard, the ideals expressed in documents such as the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.

Others argue that clear standards will limit the President's ability to wage the War on Terror. Since clear standards only limit interrogation techniques, it is reasonable for me to assume that supporters of this argument desire to use coercion to acquire information from detainees. This is morally inconsistent with the Constitution and justice in war. It is unacceptable.

Both of these arguments stem from the larger question, the most important question that this generation will answer. Do we sacrifice our ideals in order to preserve security? Terrorism inspires fear and suppresses ideals like freedom and individual rights. Overcoming the fear posed by terrorist threats is a tremendous test of our courage. Will we confront danger and adversity in order to preserve our ideals, or will our courage and commitment to individual rights wither at the prospect of sacrifice? My response is simple. If we abandon our ideals in the face of adversity and aggression, then those ideals were never really in our possession. I would rather die fighting than give up even the smallest part of the idea that is "America."

Once again, I strongly urge you to do justice to your men and women in uniform. Give them clear standards of conduct that reflect the ideals they risk their lives for.

With the Utmost Respect,—Capt. Ian Fishback 1st Battalion, 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division, Fort Bragg, North Carolina"

The letter resulted in the creation of a anti-torture legislation, the Detainee Treatment Act, "sponsored by Senator McCain and passed by the Senate in an overwhelming show of bipartisan support with a vote of 90-9."

Recognition
During debates over his amendment, Senator McCain said:

"I thank God every day that we have men and women the caliber of Captain Fishback serving in our military. I believe the Congress has a responsibility to answer this call."

On May 8, 2006, Fishback was chosen by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world for taking his stand against torture.

Matthew Harwood, an associate editor at Security Management magazine, wrote in Attitudes Aren't Free: Thinking Deeply About Diversity in the US Armed Forces (2012) that Fishback's letter to Senator McCain "is a testament that inside the US military lies redemption".

Andrew Bacevich stated that Major Fishback was a "uniformed whistleblower who took seriously the values of “duty, honor, and country” he had learned at West Point. A classic straight arrow, Ian found intolerable even the slightest deviation from what the soldierly code of conduct required."

Senator Dick Durbin called Ian Fishback a military hero:

"Major Fishback’s courageous letter shed light on the atrocities that were being committed—shamefully—in the name of our nation. ... After reports emerged from horrific abuses at Abu Ghraib in Iraq, I tried for a year and a half to pass legislation to make it clear that cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment of detainees was illegal. Two military heroes, my former colleague Senator John McCain and Major Fishback, turned the tide in this effort."

title: Ian Fishback


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rabbits (webcomic)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 01:18, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Rabbits (webcomic)
Short, bad webcomic with little/no notability that died years ago. Vanity? (--Oppolo 17:29, 8 October 2005 (UTC))
 * Delete per nomination. --Oppolo 17:28, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, has Wikipedia become known in the webcomic community as a place for advertising/creator vanity? -- Kjkolb 03:49, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delte per nom. -- SCZenz 19:34, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - as above. Please contribute to the webcomic guideline discussion at WP:COMIC.  There are users who are stating "keep" for every comic with over 100 strips.  Totally out of order. - Hahnchen 14:48, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
The Spike Drivers

The Spike Drivers was a band from Detroit, Michigan and played from 1965 to 1967.

The Spike Drivers began by working in various coffeehouses and clubs in the Detroit, Michigan folk rock music scene. Their music was rooted in folk, blues, and classical music. The band name was suggested by its vocalist Marycarol Brown, originating from a song about John Henry by Mississippi John Hurt called "Spike Driver Blues". The band shared the stage with performers such as Joni Mitchell and Del Shannon.

The band traveled to New York City and landed a recording contract with Warner Brothers Reprise Records where they put out two 45's featuring "Strange Mysterious Sounds" with "Break Out The Wine" and "Often I Wonder" with "High Time." The band was showcased at many clubs in the New York area with the high point occurring when they opened for Eric Burdon and the Animals at the Rheingold Central Park Music Festival in 1966.

Ted Lucas and Richard Keelan left the band in 1967 to record as the Misty Wizards. They were replaced in the Spike Drivers by Marshall Rubinoff and Ron Cobb. After both groups dissolved, Lucas released a self-titled solo album, Keelan relocated to Canada and performed in the Perth County Conspiracy, and Sid Brown released albums as part of the music collective, Peace, Bread & Land Band, who had four LPs between 1969 and 1978. Former member Steve Booker came to be known as Muruga Booker and still records and performs today. Rubinoff, who was married to actress Lin Shaye, relocated from Detroit to San Francisco after his attempts to form another band following the dissolution of the Spike Drivers failed; he died there in a motorcycle accident on July 7, 1968, a few days past his 24th birthday.

Members

 * Marycarol Brown - vocals
 * Sid Brown - guitar
 * Ted Lucas - guitar, vocals
 * Richard Keelan - bass, vocals
 * Steve Booker - drums
 * Larry Cruse - drums (replaced Steve Booker in late 1965)

title: The Spike Drivers


text:
Hedva Harechavi

Hedva Harekhavi, Israeli poet and artist, was born in 1941 in Kibbutz Degania Bet, one of the oldest kibbutzim in Israel. She had one child, Elisha, who died at a young age. She has lived most of her life in Jerusalem.

Harekhavi is a graduate of the Bezalel Academy of Art in Jerusalem. Her art works have been exhibited in one-person shows in Israel and in many group shows in Israel and abroad.

Her first poems published in the Hebrew daily Al Hamishmar (1967) were submitted for publication by the eminent Hebrew poet Leah Goldberg (1917–1970). Goldberg later selected and prepared for publication Harekhavi's first book of Hebrew poetry, Ki Hu Melech (Because He Is A King), 1974, which received the Rachel Newman Poetry Prize. Her poems have been translated into many languages including English, Arabic, Russian and German and have appeared in numerous publications and anthologies.

Her major collection of poetry, A Bird that is Inside Stands Outside: Poems, 1962-2008 was published in 2009 by the Kibbutz Ha Meuchad and the Bialik Institute in Jerusalem - two of Israel's major publishers of Hebrew poetry. Her most recent book, Rana, was published in 2014 by the Kibbutz Ha Meuchad Publisher.

She is known for writing poems that are heavy in repetition, which implies that the reader is not listening, further exacerbating her emotions. She is considered to be a part of the feminist movement of poetry, taking the linguistics of ancient Hebrew texts and using them as inspiration for her poetry.

She mainly paints in watercolor.

Harekhavi has won several prizes in poetry, among them the Prime Minister Prize for Poetry in 1982 and again in 1993; and the prestigious Yehuda Amichai Prize for Poetry in 2010. She is considered to be one of the great Israeli female poets.

Prizes

 * The Rachel Newman Prize for Ki Hu Melech (Because He Is A King, 1974)
 * The Levi Eshkol Prime Minister's Prize for Hebrew Writers, 1982 and 1992.
 * The Yehuda Amihai Prize, 2010.
 * The Ramat Gan Prize, 2011.
 * The ACUM Prize for Poetry, 2013.
 * The Bialik Prize for Hebrew Literature, 2014.

Published works
Source:

 * Because He Is A King – poetry (1974)
 * Adi – poetry (1981)
 * I Just Want To Tell You – poetry (1985)
 * The Other – poetry (1993)
 * A Bird That is Inside Stands Outside – poetry (2009)
 * Rana – poetry (2014)

title: Hedva Harechavi


text:
Talk:Manifold vacuum

I redesigned the entry, and "the basics" and created appropriate links regarding air pressure. As a gasoline engine expert, I don't agree with everything beyond "the basics". But, I didn't want to stomp on the work of other's, and there is value in all that discusson for whomever wants to read it. Sattyam 17:29, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

I reworked much of the article for tighter organization -- like Sattyam, I don't mean to stomp on anyone's toes. Some of the paragraphs seemed to confuse manifold vacuum (inherent in the use of throttles) with venturi vacuum (inherent in the use of carburetors), so I corrected that too. Cheers, zowie 18:34, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

It's not true that the engine in the Toyota Prius has no throttle. Certainly it should throttle less, due to the valve timings and low-power engine, but the throttle is still there. --KJBracey 23:39, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

Re-edited out where someone modified an article to say that modern atkinson engines run without a throttle. If its a gas engine and in production is has a throttle. Most test-bed gassers have throttles as well excluding GDI test engines, but that has absolutely nothing to do with variable valve timing or atkinson.Theunchosen (talk) 12:26, 18 May 2009 (UTC)theunchosen

Doesn't manifold vacuum reduce the effective compression ratio?
For example, if you have an engine with 10:1 compression with ½ bar of manifold vacuum, isn't the effective compression ratio only 5:1?

If so, could a flexible fuel engine be given a nominal compression ratio appropriate for the highest octane fuel (e.g. ethanol), avoiding detonation with other fuels by limiting throttle opening and thus preventing effective compression from reaching a value that supports detonation? 76.80.9.100 22:20, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

That's essentially true, but you're using old-school thinking, which makes it more difficult to understand.

Think in terms of (absolute) manifold & cylinder pressures, air density, and mass air & fuel flowrates.

(Geometric) compression ratio confounds understanding because of the widely-variable intake conditions, which vary with not just throttle position but also ambient temperature, barometric pressure, elevation (or altitude, in aircraft engines) & humidity.

It's not compression ratio that causes pre-ignition, but a combination of cylinder pressure, cylinder temperature, (which increases with increasing compression ratio) air:fuel ratio, spark timing and initiators such as red-hot spark-plug tips or red-hot carbon particles. Preventing detonation can be achieved by adjusting any one of these variables.

Modern (c.1996-2010 or so) gasoline/flex-fuel engines use a fairly-high geometric compression ratio, in the neighborhood of 12:1, and prevent detonation by retarding spark timing and/or with variable valve timing.

Direct injection makes pre-ignition an obsolete and irrelevant concept; ignition cannot occur until after there's fuel in the cylinder. HCCI engines rely on auto-ignition and can achieve stable combustion with air:fuel mixtures that are significantly leaner -- often double -- than stoichiometric

This is not the same as Diesel engine ignition. Diesel fuel has a significantly lower autoignition temperature than gasoline or ethanol and Diesel engines have a significantly higher cylinder temperature due to compression. 198.208.251.24 (talk) 19:02, 30 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Direct injection didn't make pre-ignition "obsolete. Pre-ignition and detonation events occur for various reasons in a vehicle not operating under perfect conditions.
 * You never mentioned the timing and it's signficance. Or that DI engines are obsolete and the victor as of today looks like a dual fuel solution. Using both direct injection and common rail/port injection together, has proven more reliable, efficient, and without the carbon buildup found on DI intake valves.
 * Compression is made by the sealing surfaces in the engine. Seals, compression rings, valve seats, everything opening and closing in perfect timing, all contribute to an engine meeting designed operating conditions.
 * See Toyota for reference on dual fuel. Mazda and ford performance car guys were working on the same thing as hobbyists and enthusiasts before Toyota even brought it to market. 2600:100F:B006:F701:EA2C:3B3C:97C1:2E94 (talk) 12:28, 25 April 2022 (UTC)

Compression braking
"More vacuum is created in some situations. On deceleration or when descending a hill, the throttle will be closed and a low gear selected to control speed. The engine will be rotating fast because the road wheels and transmission are moving quickly, but the butterfly valve will be fully closed. The flow of air through the engine is strongly restricted by the throttle, producing a strong vacuum on the engine side of the butterfly valve which will tend to limit the speed of the engine. This phenomenon, known as compression braking, is often used in engine braking to prevent acceleration or even to slow down with minimal or no brake usage (as when descending a long or steep hill). Note that although "compression braking" and "engine braking" are sometimes used to describe the same thing, "compression braking" here refers to the phenomenon itself while "engine braking" refers to the driver's usage of the phenomenon. Compression braking can be greatly increased by opening the cylinders to the exhaust with a valve on downstroke while in overrun, which is often done on large trucks (see Jake brake)."

No. It is called compression braking for a reason. What is described here is braking due to vacuum (actually much by engine friction). This is how engine braking works in most cases. Unless the engine has a "Jake brake", it cannot brake using compression...any energy absorbed compressing the charge is returned to the crank immediately as the compressed air functions as a spring and forces the piston back down again. Compression braking requires a device that opens the exhaust valve at TDC, allowing the compressed air to escape before it returns its energy to the crankshaft, i.e. a Jake brake (read it!). These are used on diesels because they cannot brake by vacuum, lacking a throttle. The 3rd choice is an exhaust brake that closes the exhaust so the engine has to force the exhaust out...the opposite of vacuum braking. Vacuum braking uses intake stroke. Compression braking uses compression stroke. Exhaust braking uses exhaust stroke. Three unique ways to achieve engine braking. .45Colt 04:08, 15 April 2015 (UTC)

 * I've always referred to it as "engine braking".. it's a combination of increased resistance and decreased energy spent per rotation of the engine which of course is decided by the Air fuel ratio and hydraulic pressure as well as electronic controls .. 2600:100F:B006:F701:EA2C:3B3C:97C1:2E94 (talk) 12:33, 25 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Manifold vacuum


text:
Steve Booker

Steve Booker may refer to:

 * Steve Booker (producer), British producer and songwriter
 * Muruga Booker (born 1942), American drummer, recording artist, and Greek Orthodox Priest

title: Steve Booker


text:
Video on Trial

Video on Trial is a Canadian comedy television program that airs on Canadian television network MuchMusic. The show consists of a panel of musicians, comedians, and entertainment columnists critiquing five different music videos in a courtroom-esque manner. The panel acts as the jurors, poking fun at and questioning each artist's behaviour in each video. Artists' personal lives and off-set behaviour are usually mocked by the critics in relation to the music video. They are shown in separate clips to use their opinions.

Since its debut on August 15, 2005, the show has become one of the most highly rated and successful shows on MuchMusic, attracting a dedicated cult following and has garnered a Gemini Award nomination. The show also experienced a brief run on American television, airing on television network Fuse TV from October 2011 to early 2012 before being replaced by another series, Special Videos Unit: Video on Trial, based upon the same premise as the original Canadian Video on Trial.

At the start of the ninth season, the show's format was overhauled to feature recurring sketches and segments. The panel was replaced by Aisha Alfa and Paul Lemieux. Only four episodes into the revamp, which was not well received, the show was cancelled as part of significant cutbacks at Bell Media on July 11, 2014.

Videos
The show's producers usually pick the videos featured on the show. However, they are still required to get clearance from the copyright holders of the video to get the video featured on the show. Only after clearance is given can the video be featured on the show. An episode usually features videos recent at the time of the episode's airing, with at least one of the five videos per episode still being in rotation. Some non-themed episodes feature older videos, though, mostly those from the early 2000s, and popular videos from 1997 to 1999 have been played on rare occasions.

Writing and shooting
The jurors' jokes serve as the majority of the show's content. These jokes are written by themselves. According to an interview with series regular Trevor Boris, the jurors receive copies of the videos for the episode, and are given a period of time to write jokes and prepare for the shooting of the episode.

On her MySpace blog, juror Sabrina Jalees described the size of the room where the show is in as "the size of a large coffin", and that a laptop with a DVD of the videos is placed in front of the juror as a guide. The five "jurors" usually shoot their scenes separately. However, the show gives the impression that all five jurors shoot the scenes together, with jurors often shown engaging in interactive behavior with each other.

Format

The show's basic format involves a narrator starting the show by announcing its name, and introducing the five videos set to be "tried", referred to as "cases", as well as the jurors of the episode. Following this introductory sequence, the actual "trials" of the videos begin.

Videos are critiqued, or "tried" separately and consecutively by "case number". A short intermission separates the trials of each video; the show cuts to a commercial break after two videos' trials have been aired.

Each video is critiqued for around 3–4 minutes. Most of the videos featured on the show are generally given bad reviews, though this is to add to the comedic nature of the show. A video's trial ends with selected jurors from the episode giving his/her own verdict to the video's artist, though verdicts are occasionally given to a selected element of a video, such as a person featured in the video.

History
Elements of the show were introduced, altered, and discontinued throughout its run.

In the format used at the start of the show's run, the jurors' occupations were given, though sometimes fictional. Graphics for this format included CRT televisions and film reels. This format also included opening voiceovers, written by Tim McAuliffe and Ron Sparks, these explained what the video was "accused for", and information for "the jury" to know) and "final verdicts" given to the artists of each video, of relating to them in real-life or their behavior in the video. The nineteenth episode of the third season retained this basic format, but introduced new visuals, giving its graphics a more modern look; for example, at the start of each episode, videos were introduced on flat-screen televisions instead of CRT televisions. This basic format was used until the twenty-first episode of the show's fifth season.

With a re-run of the fifth season's twenty-first episode, the show underwent a major alteration of its format. The verdicts and opening voiceovers previously given to each video were discontinued. Graphics and visuals were once again modernized, to give them a more futuristic feel. The nineteenth episode of the show's seventh season altered the show's graphics and visuals, giving them a more colourful feel, while retaining the show's second format.

At the start of the ninth season, the series was completely revamped. In addition to the jurors' being replaced by Aisha Alfa and Paul Lemieux, Season 9 uses a new format featuring recurring sketches and segments.

Special episodes
Special themed episodes have also been produced, usually focusing on a specific theme such as a particular decade, one-hit wonders, teen pop, music videos set on beaches, songs by Canadian musicians, and Christmas music ("Holiday Crap"). For example, there have been a series of "Totally '80s" and "So '90s" episodes where songs from those decades are featured.

The first Video on Trial special was a MuchMusic "Holiday Wrap" courtroom episode called Stars on Trial, which starred Sparks as "The Judge" and McAuliffe as "Rusty the Bailiff." Six regular jurors sat together as a jury and artists were put on trial in general, not for particular songs as is normally done on the regular VOT show.

In a similar manner to Fromage, a previous holiday special on the network, a special one-hour-long episode aired during December 2008 as part of MuchMusic's "Holiday Wrap" year-end programming, counting down the top 20 "worst" videos of the year. The special has returned for every year since then. In the 100th episode, it was revealed that the working title for the show in its early development stages was "Anatomy of a Video."

Producers
The show has seen various producers throughout its run.

 * Alex Sopinka – senior producer (2005–2006)
 * Jason Ford – supervising producer (2005–2011)
 * Ken Katigbak – producer (2006)
 * Josh Tizel – producer (2006)
 * John Kampilis – producer (2006)
 * Mark Myers – producer (2006)
 * Chris Greidanus - line producer (2006)

 * Colin McRae – line producer (2006)
 * Kerry Cunningham – producer (2006–2008)
 * Steve Jarman – producer (2006–2008)
 * Trevor Boris – producer (2007–2009)
 * Cary Smith – producer (2009–2010)
 * Katya Diakow – producer (2010–present)
 * Adam Halpern – producer (2009–present)

Source:

Jurors
The panel of jurors critiquing the videos are randomly selected for each episode; the panel regularly consists of Canadian stand-up comedians. Although some jurors make regular appearances, by contrast, some judges have made just one appearance. Examples of jurors who have made multiple appearances on the show include Marty Adams, Nicole Arbour, Sabrina Jalees, Hunter Collins, Eddie Della Siepe, Trixx, Jemeni, Boomer Phillips, Laurie Elliott, Ron Sparks, Dini Dimakos, Sara Hennessey, Darrin Rose, Andrew Johnston, David Kerr, Debra DiGiovanni, and Trevor Boris; the latter two have been jurors the most times on the show, both appearing in more than 50 episodes of the show.

In some occasions, celebrities in professions as diverse as music, sports, modeling, and acting have appeared on the show, such as "Weird Al" Yankovic, Kardinal Offishall, Jimmy Pop and Jared Hasselhoff of the Bloodhound Gang, Perez Hilton, Russell Peters, Chris Jericho, Pauly Shore, and Jesse Jane. On one occasion, Josh Ramsay of Canadian rock band Marianas Trench appeared as a juror for his own band's video for "Shake Tramp".

Artists featured
The artists whose videos are critiqued on the show range from diverse genres, such as hip hop, rock, and electronic, but generally videos that have been aired by MuchMusic.

Many artists have had multiple videos of theirs critiqued; for example, 14 videos by American singer Madonna were critiqued on the show; one of them was critiqued on 3 occasions. An entire episode was also dedicated to critiquing her music videos. Other artists critiqued multiple times include Lady Gaga, Rihanna, Justin Timberlake, Mindless Behavior, Britney Spears, Gwen Stefani, Blink-182, The Killers, Beyoncé, Pink, Christina Aguilera, and My Chemical Romance. From his first appearance on the show, Ron Sparks frequently made jokes about Shawn Desman and deadpanned "Shawn Desman sucks", even in episodes in which no Desman video appeared. 50 Cent reappeared often enough that Trevor Boris jokingly gave him a mock "Lifetime of Sucking Award", and during Nicki Minaj's video for "Va Va Voom", Boris joked that she appeared more times on the show than he did himself, which he did not really like. DiGiovanni frequently swooned over certain male artists.

Success and cross into American television
Debuting quietly in 2005 on Canadian music television network MuchMusic, the show slowly rose to fame, eventually becoming one of the network's highest-rated shows. For the show's first six seasons (and for a few episodes of its seventh season), its broadcast on television was limited to Canada. However, in 2011, American music television Fuse TV successfully obtained rights to air the show.

Fuse started airing Video on Trial on October 20, 2011, marking the formal television debut of the show in the United States, as well as the debut of the show anywhere outside of its home country, Canada. The show's American debut started with episodes from the late fifth season of the show. However, in early 2012 Fuse ceased to air episodes of Video on Trial, opting to instead form a new series based on the show's premise. The outcome of this decision, the similarly titled Special Videos Unit: Video on Trial, premiered on March 9, 2012.

Criticism
There have also been guests who complained about the show's compensation and/or production. Juror Hugh Phukovsky pulled all Video on Trial listings from his Myspace page, claiming on his Myspace blog that "[he] gave those fuckers some GOLD!" and that "[they] cut it all out with "humourless editing".

On a Kelevision radio broadcast, guests Aaron Berg, Darren Frost and Boomer Phillips discussed the show and its shortcomings (the latter two had appeared as jurors on the show). Frost was especially upset about the show, particularly the small fees that comedian guests were paid; he has never appeared on the show again to date.

Juror Ron Sparks once joked, while pointing to a green screen behind him, "Can you say budget? We can't. We're actually contractually not allowed to bring it up."

Related shows

 * Stars on Trial
 * Stars Gone Wild
 * LOL!
 * We're Experiencing Technical Difficulties

title: Video on Trial


text:
Warm Springs, Nevada

Warm Springs is a former town in the Tonopah Basin in Nye County, Nevada, near the mountain pass which divides the Kawich and Hot Creek ranges (at 38.19°N, -116.37°W). It is located at the junction of U.S. Route 6 and State Route 375 (the "Extraterrestrial Highway"), around 50 miles east of Tonopah. Only two abandoned buildings remain.

History
The first white settlement in Warm Springs was in 1866, when it served as a stopover for stagecoaches and other travellers. The post office was in operation from January 1924 through June 1929. In 1947, the springs was purchased by the Fallini brothers and it was reported that Thomas Hurt had been operating the springs for several years. Never more than a tiny settlement, Warm Springs' population dwindled until it became a ghost town. All that remained was a single streetlight, a telephone box, and several huts built over pools filled by the warm springs that give the town its name.

title: Warm Springs, Nevada


text:
Secoisolariciresinol

Secoisolariciresinol is an organic compound. It is classified as a lignan, i.e., a type of phenylpropanoid. It is present in some cereals, such as rye, and together with matairesinol has attracted much attention for its beneficial nutritional effects.

Occurrence
The water extract of silver fir wood contains more than 5% of secoisolariciresinol. It is also present in nettle brew. Its content in flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) was found to be 0.3%, which is the highest known content in food.

Biomedical aspects
In the intestine the gut microflora can form secoisolariciresinol from the secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and it can then be further transformed into the enterolignan enterodiol. Epidemiological studies showed associations between secoisolariciresinol intake and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease are promising, but they are yet not well established, perhaps due to low lignan intakes in habitual Western diets. At the higher doses used in intervention studies, associations were more evident.

Glycosides

 * Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside

title: Secoisolariciresinol


text:
User talk:Lejones

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia , I hope you will like it here and decide to stay.

You may want to take a look at the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages.

Here are some links I've found useful:
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

17:31, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lejones


text:
Artoon

Artoon Co., Ltd. (株式会社アートゥーン Kabushiki-Gaisha Ātūn) was a Japanese video game developer established in 1999. It became a subsidiary of AQ Interactive in May 2004 and became a wholly owned subsidiary in June 2005. The team was primarily affiliated in the United States with Microsoft Xbox and Xbox 360 projects, although they had also worked with Hudson Soft and Nintendo on other platforms.

Key Artoon personnel include Yoji Ishii, Manabu Kusunoki, Hidetoshi Takeshita, Yutaka Sugano, Masamichi Harada, Takuya Matsumoto and Naoto Ohshima. When the company formed, it drew personnel and talent from several of Sega's development teams, particularly those which worked on Sonic the Hedgehog (created by Ōshima), and Panzer Dragoon. The developer had approximately 85 employees. The company's focus was to create original game content for various consoles. Artoon closed down when the parent company, AQ Interactive, filed for bankruptcy.

Artoon was situated in Yokohama, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan. A secondary studio was maintained in Naha, Okinawa prefecture, Japan.

Artoon, along with feelplus and Cavia, were all absorbed into parent company AQ Interactive.

title: Artoon


text:
User talk:SalinaTabron69

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia , I hope you will like it here and decide to stay.

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17:31, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:SalinaTabron69


text:
David Rae, Lord Eskgrove

Sir David Rae, Lord Eskgrove, 1st Baronet FRSE FSA (1724–1804) was a Scottish advocate and judge.

Life
He was the son of Agnes, daughter of Sir David Forbes of Newhall and Rev David Rae of St Andrews, an episcopalian minister. Some sources give his mother as Margaret Stewart of Blairhall, daughter of Dugald Stewart, Lord Blairhall.

He was educated at the grammar school in Haddington, and then studied law at the University of Edinburgh, where he attended the law lectures of John Erskine of Carnock.

He was admitted a member of the Faculty of Advocates on 11 December 1751, and quickly acquired a practice. In 1753 he was retained in an appeal to the House of Lords, which brought him to London, where he became acquainted with Lord Hardwicke and his son Charles Yorke. He was appointed one of the commissioners for collecting evidence in the Douglas case, and in that capacity accompanied James Burnett to France in September 1764. He was the leading advocate in the Scottish court of exchequer for many years.

In 1773 he was living at Old Assembly Close on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh. In 1783 he was a joint founder of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

He became a Lord of Session on 14 November 1782, succeeding Alexander Boswell, Lord Auchinleck, and a Lord of Justiciary on 20 April 1785, taking the judicial title Lord Eskgrove (from a small estate which he possessed near Inveresk), in place of Robert Bruce, Lord Kennet. Rae was one of the judges who tried William Brodie (died 1788) for robbing the General Excise Office in August 1788, the Rev. Thomas Fyshe Palmer for seditious practices in September 1793, William Skirving and Maurice Margarot for sedition in January 1794, Joseph Gerrald for sedition in March 1794, and Robert Watt and David Downie for high treason in September 1794.

In January 1798 he oversaw the trial of George Mealmaker and other radicals.

He was appointed Lord Justice Clerk on 1 June 1799, in place of Robert Macqueen, Lord Braxfield, holding office until his death. At this time he was living at 10 St John Street off the Canongate in Edinburgh.

He was created a baronet on 27 June 1804. He died at his country residence, Eskgrove in Inveresk on 23 October the same year, and was interred in Inveresk Kirkyard. He has a modest stone on the south side of the church itself (St. Michael's) just to the left hand side of the south door. His wife and children are buried with him. This includes his son, Sir William Rae, 3rd Baronet, Lord Advocate of Scotland, here reduced to a simple name within a list on the stone.

Reputation
Rae is remembered by Lord Henry Cockburn in his book Memorials of His Time (published posthumously in 1856), as a "considerable lawyer" who became a deplorable judge, and Cockburn concludes "a more ludicrous personage could not exist".

 * To be able to give an anecdote of Eskgrove, with a proper imitation of his voice and manner, was a sort of fortune in society. [...] Yet never once did he do or say anything which had the slightest claim to be remembered for any intrinsic merit. The value of all his words and actions consisted in their absurdity. [...] The voice was low and mumbling, and on the bench was generally inaudible for some time after the movement of the lips showed that he had begun speaking; after which the first word that was let fairly out was generally the loudest of the whole discourse.

Works
With John Campbell and others, Rae collected the Decisions of the Court of Session from the end of the year 1756 to the end of the year 1760, Edinburgh, 1765.

Family
On 14 October 1761 he married Margaret Stewart (died 1770), youngest daughter of John Stewart of Blairhall, Perthshire, by whom he had two sons and one daughter:

 * David, who succeeded as the second baronet, but died without male issue on 22 May 1815. David married Helen Colt and had five daughters: Helen, Margaret, Mary and Grace and Eliza Colt Rae his youngest daughter who died at Edinburgh in 1872 (reference from the memorial stone)
 * William (1769–1842) called to the bar in 1791, Office of Lord Advocate of Scotland from 1827 to 1830 (presiding judge at the trial of Burke & Hare on 24 December 1828 in Edinburgh); then MP for Anstruther burghs between 1819 and 1826, then as MP for Buteshire in 1830. Between 1831 and 1832 he was M.P for Portarlington, then returned to Buteshire as MP between 1833 and 1842.  He died at St Catherine's House (Liberton, Edinburgh) in 1842.   and
 * Margaret, who married, on 3 January 1804, Captain Thomas Phipps Howard of the 23rd Light Dragoons.

title: David Rae, Lord Eskgrove


text:
User talk:Gavin k

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia , I hope you will like it here and decide to stay.

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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

17:32, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gavin k


text: Category:Politics of France

title: Category:Politics of France


text:
User talk:Slimequest

k slimequest  [talk] 03:58, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Slimequest


text:
User talk:Klooster~enwiki

Welcome
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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

17:34, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Klooster. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Klooster~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:58, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 15:03, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Klooster~enwiki


text:
Talk:New Ross, Ireland

More specific details about the town might be nice - The Dunbrody, The Theatre and some other notable things

New Ross page
Why do you find it objectionable that New Ross should be a disambiguation page? ADH 15:27, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

Where there is only one other article by the same name it is practice to leave the primary article with the title. (Sarah777 19:14, 4 September 2007 (UTC))

title: Talk:New Ross, Ireland


text:
User talk:Illgoskus

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia , I hope you will like it here and decide to stay.

You may want to take a look at the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages.

Here are some links I've found useful:
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
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 * Merge
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Also: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~~~~. This will automatically add your username and the time after your comments. Signing with three tildes ~~~ will just sign your username. I hope to see you around Wikipedia! If you have any questions, feel free to contact me on my talk page!

Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

17:34, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Illgoskus


text:
User talk:Brojaka

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia , I hope you will like it here and decide to stay.

You may want to take a look at the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages.

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Also: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~~~~. This will automatically add your username and the time after your comments. Signing with three tildes ~~~ will just sign your username. I hope to see you around Wikipedia! If you have any questions, feel free to contact me on my talk page!

Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

17:34, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Brojaka


text:
Meir Wieseltier

Meir Wieseltier (March 8, 1941 – March 30, 2023) was an Israeli poet and translator.

Biography
Meir Wieseltier was born in Moscow in 1941, shortly before the German invasion of Russia. He was taken to Novosibirsk in southwestern Siberia by his mother and two older sisters. His father was killed while serving in the Red Army in Leningrad. After two years in Poland, Germany, and France, the family immigrated to Israel. Wieseltier grew up in Netanya.

In 1955, he moved to Tel Aviv, where he has lived ever since. He published his first poems at the age of eighteen. He studied at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In the early 1960s, he joined a group known as the Tel Aviv Poets. He was co-founder and co-editor of the literary magazine Siman Kriya, and a poetry editor for the Am Oved publishing house.

Literary career
Wieseltier published 13 volumes of verse. He translated English, French, and Russian poetry into Hebrew. His translations include four of Shakespeare's tragedies, as well as novels by Virginia Woolf, Charles Dickens, E.M. Forster, and Malcolm Lowry. Wieseltier often wrote in the first person, assuming the role of a moralist searching for values in the midst of chaos. He penned powerful poems of social and political protest in Israel. His voice is alternately anarchic and involved, angry and caring, trenchant and lyric.

Wieseltier was a poet in residence at the University of Haifa.

Awards
Among the many awards Wieseltier received are the following:
 * In 1977 and 2011 Wieseltier was the co-recipient Prime Minister's Prize for Hebrew Literary Works
 * In 1994, Wieseltier was the co-recipient (jointly with Hanoch Levin) of the Bialik Prize for literature.
 * In 2000, he received the Israel Prize, for literature and poetry.

Published works

 * Shirim Iti'im (Slow Poems), 2000
 * Merudim Vesonatot (Merudim and Sonnets), 2009
 * Perek Alef, Perek Beit (Chapter 1, Chapter 2), 1967
 * Meah Shirim (100 Poems), 1969
 * Kakh (Take It), 1973
 * Davar Optimi, Asiyat Shirim (Something Optimistic, The Making of a Poem), 1976
 * Pnim Vahutz (Interior and Exterior), 1977
 * Motzah El Ha-Yam (Exit into the Sea), 1981
 * Kitzur Shnot Hashishim (The Concise Sixties) 1984
 * Ee Yevani (Greek Island) 1985
 * Michtavim Veshirim Aherim (Letters and other poems) 1986
 * Makhsan (Storehouse), 1994 [Mahsan]
 * The Flower of Anarchy, 2003, ISBN 978-0-520-23552-6
 * Forty, 2010, (Arbaim)
 * Davar Optimi, Asiyat Shirim (Something Optimistic, The Making of a Poem, a new edition + Appendix), 2012

title: Meir Wieseltier


text:
Wordhunt

Wordhunt was a national appeal run by the Oxford English Dictionary, looking for earlier evidence of the use of 50 words and phrases in the English language. New evidence found by members of the public in response to the appeal appears in the Oxford English Dictionary. The appeal is a companion to the BBC2 television series Balderdash and Piffle.

First Wordhunt
The first Wordhunt was launched in 2005 by the Oxford English Dictionary and the BBC and resulted in the OED updating the entries of 34 words and phrases, featured in the first series of Balderdash and Piffle broadcast in early 2006.

The 50 words and phrases were:

 * balti
 * Beeb
 * bog standard
 * bonk
 * bouncy castle
 * boffin
 * bomber jacket
 * Crimble
 * chattering classes
 * codswallop
 * cyberspace
 * cyborg
 * ditsy
 * dosh
 * full monty
 * gas mark
 * gay
 * handbags at dawn
 * her indoors
 * jaffa
 * Mackem
 * made-up
 * minger
 * minted
 * moony
 * mullered
 * mullet
 * mushy peas
 * naff
 * nerd
 * nip and tuck
 * nit nurse
 * nutmeg
 * Old Bill
 * on the pull
 * pass the parcel
 * pear-shaped
 * phwoar
 * pick 'n' mix
 * ploughman's lunch
 * pop one's clogs
 * porky
 * posh
 * square one (back to...)
 * ska
 * smart casual
 * snazzy
 * something for the weekend
 * to throw one's toys out of the pram
 * tikka masala

Second Wordhunt
The second Wordhunt was launched in January 2007, and the results featured in a second series of Balderdash and Piffle, which was broadcast in Spring 2007.

The forty words and phrases, divided into six themes, are:

Man's Best Friend
 * dog and bone (1961)
 * the dog's bollocks (1989)
 * mucky pup (1984)
 * shaggy dog story (1946) *
 * sick puppy (1984)

Put Downs and Insults
 * plonker (1966)
 * prat (1968) *
 * tosser (1977)
 * wally (1969)
 * wazzock (1984)

Spend a Penny
 * domestic (1963)
 * glamour model (1981)
 * loo (1940) *
 * regime change (1990)
 * whoopsie (1973)

Fashionistas
 * flip-flop (1970)
 * hoodie (1990)
 * shell-suit (1989)
 * stiletto (1959)
 * trainer	(1978)

X Rated
 * dogging (1993) *
 * kinky (1959)
 * marital aid (1976)
 * pole dance (1992)
 * wolf-whistle (1952)

One Sandwich Short
 * bananas (1968) *
 * bonkers (1957) *
 * daft (or mad) as a brush (1945) *
 * duh brain (1997)
 * one sandwich short of a picnic (1993)

Who Were They?
 * Bloody Mary (1956) *
 * Gordon Bennett (1967) *
 * Jack the Lad (1981)
 * round robin (1988)
 * take the mickey (1948) *

Dodgy Dealings
 * bung (1958) *
 * Glasgow kiss (1987)
 * identity theft (1991)
 * spiv (1934) *
 * twoc (1990)

title: Wordhunt


text:
Category:Dallas Crane albums

Albums by Dallas Crane.

title: Category:Dallas Crane albums


text: Category:Henry Rollins albums

title: Category:Henry Rollins albums


text: Talk:Seaford Head School

title: Talk:Seaford Head School


text:
User talk:Willoughby107

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia , I hope you will like it here and decide to stay.

You may want to take a look at the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages.

Here are some links I've found useful:
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
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 * Merge
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Also: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~~~~. This will automatically add your username and the time after your comments. Signing with three tildes ~~~ will just sign your username. I hope to see you around Wikipedia! If you have any questions, feel free to contact me on my talk page!

Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

17:36, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Willoughby107


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Coeliac disease/Archive1

Coeliac disease
I've not had anything to do with this article - just had reason to read it and thought it was very informative. A doctor or two has read it and approved the content (see talk page). Pcb21| Pete 17:36, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Templates and categorization appears to be fully in order. I think it's an FA in the making. - Mgm|(talk) 19:29, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Object 1) Are the references under the =external links=? 2) Picture? =Nichalp   «Talk»=  18:00, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. It is chaotic and lacks crucial information (e.g. rate of occurrence). It is thin on references. I added the discovery of anti-tTG2 and its cross-reactivity with gluten, but there are many more crucial papers that could be cited, such as the review in The Lancet 2 years ago. A picture will be hard - unless someone can arrange a microscopy photo of villous atrophy. JFW | T@lk  19:09, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. Perhaps a picture of related nutrients would be appropriate?
 * 1) Lead needs to be tightened.
 * 2) Please seperate the external links and the references.
 * 3) It needs a copyedit for overly academic terms. Some are bound to be neccesary, but I think some of them cane be pruned or replaced.

Is there anyone else that has doubts about this disease? It just seems to me that mankind evolved with wheat. Any links to medical journals or discussions?
 * Doubts about the disease? there are chapters and entire books about it!  S Holland, M.D. Kd4ttc 21:11, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Object The article is not correct on a number of details regarding celiac disease. It is an admirable effort by what appears to be motivated and well read non-physicians about the disease, and is very good in the big picture.  A lot of details, however, are incorrect.  Also, the thinking on pathophysiology needs to reworked.  The sections on treatment are missing a number of comments about dieticians and resources.  Well, I said a while ago I was going to work on this.  That will happen over the next few months. Kd4ttc 21:48, 8 January 2006 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Eventus

Orphaned fair use image (Image:Ahnlogo.gif)
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title: User talk:Eventus


text: User talk:68.81.185.107

title: User talk:68.81.185.107


text: User talk:83.99.60.150

title: User talk:83.99.60.150


text:
Rodovia Professor Zeferino Vaz

Rodovia Professor Zeferino Vaz (official designation SP-332, also known as Rodovia Campinas-Paulínia or Tapetão) is a highway in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Until 2010, this highway was called Rodovia General Milton Tavares de Souza.

Just 23 km long, this double-lane highway has a high traffic within the urban zones of Campinas and Paulínia. It has been named in honour of teacher Zeferino Vaz and is maintained by the Department of Roads of the State of São Paulo (DER) and Rota das Bandeiras. It is best known as the road that connects the city of Campinas to the subdistrict of Barão Geraldo, where the State University of Campinas is located, as well as to the oil refinery of Petrobras and the adjoining industrial petrochemistry district of Paulínia.

The highway became the first in the State of São Paulo with public illumination along its entire length.

Cities

 * Campinas
 * Barão Geraldo
 * Paulínia
 * Betel
 * Cosmópolis
 * Artur Nogueira
 * Engenheiro Coelho
 * Conchal

title: Rodovia Professor Zeferino Vaz


text:
User talk:Starfox au

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia , I hope you will like it here and decide to stay.

You may want to take a look at the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages.

Here are some links I've found useful:
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
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 * Manual of Style
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Merge
 * New user log
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 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off
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 * User page
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 * Image copyright tags

Also: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~~~~. This will automatically add your username and the time after your comments. Signing with three tildes ~~~ will just sign your username. I hope to see you around Wikipedia! If you have any questions, feel free to contact me on my talk page!

Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

17:38, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Starfox au