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Murder of Tracie McBride

On February 18, 1995, 19-year-old American soldier Tracie Joy McBride was kidnapped, raped, and murdered by 44-year-old American soldier Louis Jones Jr. in Texas. Jones abducted McBride from Goodfellow Air Force Base and raped her at his house before bludgeoning her to death under a highway bridge in Coke County. He later sexually assaulted his ex-wife Sandra Lane and was arrested on March 1, and the ensuing police investigation found that he was also responsible for raping and murdering McBride. Jones was tried and convicted in the U.S. federal court system for kidnapping resulting in death; his crime was a federal case because it had begun on a military base and because the rape was the prime aspect to the murder, which made it a capital offense. Following his initial denials, Jones eventually confessed that he had raped McBride in addition to murdering her, and was sentenced to death. He subsequently attempted to contest his sentencing on the grounds that he had been suffering from Gulf War syndrome, but his appeals were rejected. On March 18, 2003, the 53-year-old Jones was executed by lethal injection.

Mark Miller of Newsweek characterized Jones' case as unusual due to his Gulf War syndrome defense strategy.

Crime
On February 18, 1995, 44-year old Louis Jones drove onto Goodfellow Air Force Base in San Angelo, Texas, and kidnapped Private Tracie Joy McBride, a 19-year old from Centerville, Minnesota. Jones was looking for his ex-wife, but instead decided to kidnap McBride. McBride was on the telephone with a friend, and in a laundry facility when she was abducted. Two privates attempted to rescue McBride, but Jones rendered one, Private Michael Peacock, unconscious by hitting him.

Jones took McBride to his house, raped her, and held her in a closet. He forced McBride to use hydrogen peroxide on herself, washed McBride's clothes, and forced McBride to walk on towels; these efforts were part of an attempt to conceal the crime by hiding any fibers and other possible evidence. He then drove McBride to a remote area and beat her to death with a tire iron. McBride died under a bridge, off U.S. Route 277 in Coke County, Texas, about 27 mi north of San Angelo. McBride had been hit in the head at least nine times. Dr. Jan Garavaglia, who was at the time of the murder an associate medical examiner in Bexar County, examined McBride's body at a local morgue. Garavaglia stated that the trauma to her head was "worse than most high-impact car wrecks." Jones likely forced McBride to walk to the point where she was killed; only mud was found on her boots, and no scuff marks were present. McBride's body was found clothed in her U.S. Army battle uniform, itself in excellent condition; the clothing had no forensic evidence of rape. The undergarments were not present.

Jones was arrested on March 1 by the San Angelo Police Department for sexually assaulting his ex-wife, Staff Sergeant Sandra Lane, after she filed a complaint with the Air Force's Office of Special Investigations (OSI). OSI agents made an inquiry to Jones on whether he was involved in McBride's abduction, and Jones confessed to killing her; he then led authorities to McBride's body. Initially, Jones stated that he did not rape McBride. McBride's body was autopsied by Garavaglia at the Bexar County Forensic Science Center in San Antonio, Texas. Due to the unusually cool weather and the placement of the body under a bridge, the body was well preserved. Despite Jones' efforts to conceal the rape, Garavaglia was able to determine that Jones had raped McBride, and this fact allowed federal prosecutors to ask for the death penalty. Jones later confessed to a psychiatrist to raping McBride.

Louis Jones Jr.
Jones, born on March 4, 1950, was a native of Shelby County, Tennessee, and grew up in Chicago. According to testimony presented at his criminal trial, Jones experienced sexual and physical abuse.

He served in the Army for 22 years. Richard A. Serrano of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "It was in the Army where he excelled." Jones, a member of the U.S. Army Rangers, participated in the Invasion of Grenada and the Gulf War of 1991. He was the leader of a platoon in Grenada, and he received a Commendation Medal due to his actions during a ground attack in Iraq. He became a master sergeant and on his retirement in 1993 was honorably discharged from the Rangers. At the time of the crime, he worked on base as a bus driver.

Jones was married three times, and he had a daughter, Barbara; he raised her as a single parent. One of his wives, Sandra Lane, was an Army staff sergeant. He became estranged from her; she noted changes in his behavior after he returned from Iraq. Jones had no previous criminal record. Before the killing, he worked low-paying jobs and received low grades in university courses. Lane filed an official complaint with the OSI on March 1, 1995, stating that, on February 16 of that year, Jones had kidnapped her, made her take money out of her bank account, and committed sexual assault against her while at his residence.

Tracie McBride
Tracie Joy McBride (May 27, 1975 – February 19, 1995 ), a graduate of Centennial High School in Circle Pines, Minnesota, was at the base for advanced intelligence training for a two-week period. McBride aspired to become a music teacher. McBride joined the United States Army after her high school graduation, intending to fund her university education; she hoped to have her degree completed prior to the end of her tour of duty. At the end of her life, McBride was in a romantic relationship with a member of the U.S. Marines. She was assigned to Goodfellow in early February 1995 after completion of training, at the Defense Language Institute at the Presidio of Monterey in Monterey, California. McBride was kidnapped 10 days after her arrival.

Trial, appeals, and penalty
Jones, indicted in March 1995, was tried in federal court in Lubbock, Texas, since he had kidnapped McBride from a military base. His specific charge was "kidnapping within special maritime/territorial jurisdiction resulting in death". U.S. Attorney Tanya K. Pierce was the prosecutor. McBride's family supported the prosecutor's decision to seek the death penalty for Jones. The trial was moved from San Angelo to Lubbock due to the news coverage in the former city.

The trial began on October16, 1995. Nine members of the twelve-person jury were female and 3 were male. Jones stated that he committed the crime due to trauma he received during his military duties, indicative of Gulf War syndrome. Evidence showing brain damage to Jones was presented. Jones was convicted on October23, after two days of testimony and 65 minutes of deliberation from the jury. After finding that Jones had intentionally killed McBride, the jury proceeded to sentencing.

The sentencing phase involved the jury deliberating for 6.5 hours. The prosecution alleged four statutory aggravating circumstances and three non-statutory aggravating circumstances. The jury unanimously found two statutory aggravating circumstances: Jones killed McBride during the commission of a kidnapping and the murder involved torture or serious physical abuse to McBride, referring to the rape. The finding of statutory aggravating circumstances officially made the McBride's murder a capital offense. The jury rejected two other alleged statutory aggravating circumstances: Jones had knowingly put lives other than that of McBride at risk and the murder was premeditated. As for non-statutory aggravating circumstances, the jury unanimously found that McBride's family had suffered from her death and that McBride was vulnerable due to her young age and other characteristics, but rejected the argument that Jones would present a future danger.

The defense presented 11 mitigating circumstances, which a varying number of jurors agreed upon:

 * 1) Jones did not have a significant prior criminal record (6)
 * 2) Jones's capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness of his actions were significantly impaired, regardless of whether the capacity was so impaired as to constitute a defense to the charge (2)
 * 3) Jones committed the murder under severe mental or emotional disturbance (1)
 * 4) Jones suffered physical, sexual, and emotional abuse as a child (4)
 * 5) Jones's military service (8)
 * 6) Jones would not be a problematic inmate (3)
 * 7) Jones is remorseful (4)
 * 8) Jones's daughter (9)
 * 9) Jones was under a great deal of duress and/or stress at the time of the murder (3)
 * 10) Jones suffered from numerous neurological or psychological disorders (1)
 * 11) Other factors in the Jones's background or character mitigate against a verdict of death (0)

In addition, seven jurors found that the testimony of Jones's ex-wife, Sandra Lane, was a mitigating factor. Although Lane testified that Jones raped her in his apartment two days before he killed McBride, she also said that he seemed "very crazed" and was "spinning out of control, bouncing from thought to thought."

On November 3, 1995, the jury came back with a unanimous recommendation for death. On June 11, 1996, Jones was entered into the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) as prisoner #999195 under an agreement with federal authorities. The State of Texas housed its male death-row inmates at the Ellis Unit near Huntsville, Texas. On July 13, 1999, he was moved into federal custody, to the newly opened men's death row at U.S. Penitentiary, Terre Haute. He was Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) prisoner #27265-077.

Throughout the appeals process, Jones' lawyer, Tim Floyd, continued to argue that he should be spared the death penalty and have his sentence commuted to life imprisonment because nerve gas from Iraq had damaged Jones' brain. Floyd contacted University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center epidemiology department head, Dr. Robert Haley, who published the first major studies related to Gulf War syndrome, and asked him to review his client's medical records; Haley argued that Jones had sustained brain damage and that it "was responsible for the personality changes that contributed significantly to the tragic events of his crime." U.S. senator Kay Bailey Hutchison argued that Jones should have his brain scanned to check for any damage before any death sentence would be carried out. Ross Perot also called for a commutation of the sentence to life without parole. Throughout the appeal process, McBride's family advocated for Jones' execution.

In 1998, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit found that two of the non-statutory aggravating circumstances appeared to be redundant. However, they upheld the death sentence since they found that the aggravation still outweighed the mitigation.

In 1999, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to overturn Jones' death sentence. Jones' final appeal for clemency from then-president of the United States GeorgeW. Bush and his final appeal at the U.S. Supreme Court failed on March17, 2003. On March18, 2003, Jones was executed at USP Terre Haute, making him the third federal prisoner executed since federal executions resumed in 2001. McBride's family and a friend attended the execution.

After Jones's execution, his attorney read a written statement from him: "I accept full responsibility for the pain, anguish and the suffering I caused the McBrides for having taken Tracie from them." He said he would not ask "for forgiveness for the awful things done to Tracie. They continue to feel anguish and pain that will always be felt by them, and I felt forgiveness from the McBrides is something I had no right to ask for."

Jones remained the last person executed by the United States federal government until July14, 2020, when Daniel Lewis Lee was executed by lethal injection.

Legacy
McBride was buried at Fort Snelling National Cemetery in Minnesota. The Tracie Joy McBride Scholarship Fund and its associated event, Tracie's Night, were named after her; the fund is primarily managed by her sister, Stacie McBride-Cox.

The episode "Life Interrupted" of the television show Dr. G: Medical Examiner, first aired in 2007, describes this case.

In Human Behavior in the Social Environment: A Macro, National, and International Perspective, author Rudolph Alexander Jr. wrote that experiences of soldiers during the 2000s Iraq War, in which over 3,700 coming back from the war in 2005 stated that they had fears that they may lose control of themselves or harm another person and that 1,700 reported believing that they were better off dead and considered hurting themselves, "provide support for Jones' claims." 450,000 Americans served in the Gulf War.

title: Murder of Tracie McBride


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Enzo (dog actor)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was redirect to Moose (dog actor). BD2412 talk 23:58, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Enzo (dog actor)
This is totally unencyclopaedic. No one really wants or needs to know about a certain dog-stunt double. If anything, this stub should be added to the Frasier article. Dante 03:33, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Moose (dog actor) (the dog on Frasier), which already contains more on Enzo than this stub. --best, kevin · · · Kzollman | Talk · · · 03:55, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect as per Kzollman  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  06:27, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect it's hard to discuss one without the other. - Mgm|(talk) 08:23, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect per all. --Jeffrey O. Gustafson - Shazaam! - <*> 08:29, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect, Moose (dog actor) already covers this. — J I P | Talk 10:48, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect. Dante, if nobody really wanted to know about it, then why did someone start the article? Eliot 22:27, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Probably because someone thought Wikipedia was a place to gather every single bit of knowledge available, however useless.

 * Waffling on save or redirect Save. There are 7 articles that link to it, so it's not completely inconsequential. Although every one of them seems to mention Moose in the same sentence, see Quill's argument following. Also, just because you have no interest in prominent dog actors doesn't mean that other people aren't very interested in them, their trainers, and their credits.  Elf | Talk 16:28, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Save; perhaps redirect, but I would give it a chance first. Dante's point can't be taken. No one needs to know about a dog stunt double because it’s not encyclopedic?  On the other hand,  everyone needs to know about each and every mythological creature in the Harry Potter series, which is of vital encyclopaedic significance.  No one’s interested in this?  As opposed to what?  Gurg?

 * Someone pointed out at one of the TALK pages in a dog breed article, probably the Jack Russell Terrier, that Enzo has actually done more work than Moose in the films in which they were both credited, My Dog Skip e.g.. Enzo will also outlive Moose; it’s anyone’s guess as to what he’ll do post Frasier.  I’d say just give it time; we’ve given grace to stubs of more esoteric nature than this.  Some expert on dog actors is going to come along eventually.  For that matter, someone looking for dog actors is going to come along….

 * This is a Wikipedic failing. Every damned soap opera character gets a mention, but someone wanted Martin Luther King Sr axed because he wasn’t significant; on the other hand, we really need Sarah Winthrop.  And I don’t know about you, but my life would not be complete without having read the encyclopedic entry on Todd Grimshaw. Have some patience, people.

 * And for whoever wrote this, since I'm the undiscriminating 'someone' who thought 'Wikipedia was a place to gather every single bit of knowledge available, however useless', feel free to delete some of my other ideas, butler, great house, suffix (name), fox terrier or anything else with my signature that most others would not be interested in. Think first, type second.
 * Quill 21:04, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Save. I am not no-one, I think that dog actors are interesting. I'd like more information, who trained them, what they are trained to do, what shows they have performed in.   THis is all interesting to me. It's very hard to find this sort of information on dogs that perform in movies and television.   So, you may call me inclusionist, but Wikipedia is not paper - while I would like this article to have more information, it's certainly notable enough to merit an article. - Trysha (talk) 05:43, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Category:Pentecostal Wikipedians

This category contains Wikipedians who have identified themselves as Charismatic, or Pentecostal in some form or another.

title: Category:Pentecostal Wikipedians


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User:Stettlerj

Stettler j

{| cellspacing="0" style="width: 236px; color: #000000; background: #4169E1;"
 * style="width: 45px; height: 45px; background: white; text-align: center; font-size: 14pt;" | Capitalismlogo.JPG
 * style="font-size: 8pt; padding: 4pt; color: white; line-height: 1.25em;" | This user is a Capitalist . |}

title: User:Stettlerj


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Blick Art Materials

Blick Art Materials is a family-owned retailer and catalog art supply business. Established as a mail order business by Dick Blick in 1911 and purchased by Robert Metzenberg in 1947, it is one of the oldest and largest art materials suppliers in the United States, as well as a primary supplier of mail order art supplies.

Background
One of the primary suppliers of art supplies in the United States, Blick Art Materials offers over 90,000 products, including 8,000 sold under the Blick brand name, such as paints, brushes, canvas, artist papers, pastels, pencils, and markers. Blick's Utrecht brand products include handcrafted paints, mediums, and brushes. The company operates more than 65 retail stores in the United States, including 11 purchased from The Art Store in 2004, and 45 acquired in 2013 from Utrecht Art Supply. Each store hires about 20 people, mostly artists. Blick Art Material's home office is in Highland Park, Illinois, and it operates three distribution centers, two in Galesburg, Illinois, and one in Monroe, New Jersey. According to venture capital and private equity firm Madison Parker Capital, Blick is the largest supplier of art materials in the United States.

History
Dick Blick and his wife Grace started Dick Blick Company in 1911, working from their kitchen to sell their first product, the Payzant pen, by mail order. Robert Metzenberg purchased the company in 1947. Its parent company is Dick Blick Holdings, Inc., founded by Blick and Metzenberg. Metzenberg expanded the company, opening mail order offices in Las Vegas, Nevada; Hartford, Connecticut; and Allentown, Pennsylvania. He opened the first Blick retail store in Galesburg, Illinois, in 1974. He also established retail outlets in Las Vegas, Allentown, and Dearborn, Michigan. Metzenberg's grandson, Robert Buchsbaum, became CEO in 1996. The Business Committee for the Arts, a division of Americans for the Arts, honored Buchsbaum with its 2016 Leadership Award, for "extraordinary vision, leadership, and commitment to supporting the arts and for encouraging other businesses to follow their lead."

title: Blick Art Materials


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Kaunas District Municipality

Kaunas District Municipality (Kauno rajono savivaldybė) is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania. The seat of the municipality is the city of Kaunas, which does not belong to the municipality but is a separate administrative unit. It surrounds the Kaunas City Municipality from the north, west and south, while in the east Kaunas district municipality borders Kaišiadorys District Municipality. Kaunas District Municipality has the second largest international airport in Lithuania (Kaunas International Airport), and is well connected by major roads (A1 highway and Via Baltica), as well as railways with other cities of Lithuania.

Elderships
Kaunas District Municipality is divided into 25 elderships:

Nature
The rivers Neman (Nemunas), Neris, Nevėžis, Jiesia and Dubysa pass through the Kaunas District area. Kaunas Reservoir borders the east side of the district. It also has 7 lakes and 14 ponds in the area.

The largest forests are: Dubrava, Padauguva, Varluva, Zapyškis. Girionys Park is home to some rare and exotic plant life. Žalgiris memorial park is located at Cinkiškė village.

Mounds
There are a total of 20 nationally recognized mounds located in Kaunas District Municipality area. More notable mounds are:
 * Piepaliai mound
 * Lantainiai mound
 * Bernatoniai mound
 * Pypliai mound
 * Samylai mound
 * Pakalniškiai mound
 * Guogai mound
 * Ringovė mound
 * Jaučakiai mound
 * Altoniškiai mound
 * Jadagoniai mound

Preserves
Kaunas District has a large number of nature reserves. Including:
 * Arlaviškės botanical preserve
 * Dubrava reserve area
 * Kamša botanical-zoological preserve
 * Kaunas Reservoir Regional Park
 * Nevėžis landscape preserve

Settlements
Kaunas District Municipality consists of:
 * 3 cities - Ežerėlis, Garliava, Vilkija
 * 10 towns - Akademija, Babtai, Čekiškė, Domeikava, Kačerginė, Kulautuva, Garliava, Domeikava and Vandžiogala
 * 370 villages

Culture
An ethnic culture and crafts museum can be found in Vilkija, Babtai has a museum of ethnography and in Saliai there is an ab (publisher). Among other noteworthy places are a racing circuit in Kačerginė called Nemuno žiedas, also a total of 19 surviving manors (the most famous are Raudondvaris, and Babtynas located in Žemaitkiemis (Babtai)), the old church of Zapyškis (Church of St. John the Baptist) and Monastery of Discalced Carmelites in Paštuva.

title: Kaunas District Municipality


text: User talk:202.173.183.19

title: User talk:202.173.183.19


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Talk:Return on assets

Comments
"NI/Average Total Assets" is an inconsistent application of accounting principles. When calculating any return measure using total assets as the denominator, the implicit assumption is that no debt is being utilized (since A = Total L + SE). Thus, one must exclude interest expense from the profit metric. In this case, the correct profit measure is "NI + Interest Expense * (1-Effective Tax Rate) + Non-Controlling Interest in Earnings". For a more detailed explanation of this concept see 'Financial Reporting, Financial Statement Analysis and Valuation" by Wahlen, Baginski, Bradshaw.74.108.95.239 (talk) 15:12, 5 December 2015 (UTC)

Isn't the correct formula [Net Profit - Tax - Interest]/[Average Total Assets]? --NBA-Forum.net 03:37, 5 October 2005 (UTC) who knows man ya

Agree completely, have modified to reflect.--Gregalton 11:10, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

From "Principles of Accounting" By Belverd E. Needles, Marian Powers, Susan V. Crosson pg 209, "Return on assets = Net income/Average total assets". This is also the most common definition in my experience. Several other definitions are used in practice though. 72.165.151.242 (talk) 15:21, 20 November 2012 (UTC)WSJevons

I have changed it to the correct definition of Average Total Assets. This is the most common definition and the one used in the citation. Other, alternative measures to evaluate asset efficiencies are certainly used, but "Mode of Total Asset" is completely nonsensical. 63.147.189.227 (talk) 17:20, 30 November 2012 (UTC)WSJevons

ROA in manufacturing industries
Is ROA not an useful measure for calculating the efficiencies of manufacturing industries. As an afterthought will it be useful to use the written down value of the assets used in the manufacturing process?220.226.40.11 14:50, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

 * My textbook (Key Management Ratios - Ciaran Walsh) uses EBIT/TA for defining Return on total assets. Am I wrong someway? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.40.68.117 (talk) 13:07, 19 October 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Return on assets


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Dawn doll

Dawn dolls are small fashion dolls that were made by Deluxe Reading between 1970 and 1973. They measure 6.5 inches in height and have painted eyes and lips. The girl dolls feature rooted hair and eyelashes. The boy dolls have molded hair.

The dolls were quite popular and they topped sales of Barbie for a while, but were discontinued when Topper went out of business in 1973. The dolls were reissued in 2000 by Checkerboard as a 30-year commemoration of the first Dawn dolls made by Topper, and then again in 2004 by Toy O Rama. However, neither companies were able to sustain reissues and shut off production shortly afterwards. Mattel's Rockflowers, produced in 1971, were in direct competition with Dawn. In England, Palitoy had a doll of similar size known as Pippa. Although no longer manufactured, Dawn dolls are quite popular as collector's items.

Story
Dawn is the owner and top model of the Dawn Model Agency. All of her best friends are models for her company too. Angie, Jessica, Dale, Glori, and Longlocks are all Dawn's best friends. Gary, Ron, and Van are the handsome boyfriends who come see the girls in their fashion shows.

Characteristics
The basic Dawn dolls were made of vinyl with hard torsos, softer arms, and bendable legs. The dolls' feet feature holes in the bottoms, which could be inserted onto pegs on their plastic doll stands, and other various accessories. However, Topper did not use exactly the same body mold for each doll, because a number of variations can be observed from doll to doll. Some dolls are slightly heavier in build with thicker thighs. Others have visible collar bones, navels, The dolls' hands vary slightly in size and detail. In addition, some dolls seem to have more rows of hair plugs than others. These dolls tend to have a coarser hair texture than ones with less hair.

Dawn dolls knees are known to take on a greenish tinge over time due to the copper inside their joints. The copper wire inside the knees is what allows the joints to "click" into place and hold various positions. The dolls with the green knee problems tend to be the ones with the slightly heavier builds.

Authentic Dawn dolls are marked ©1970 // TOPPER CORP // HONG KONG// have a stamped model number on the back of their heads. This number is usually a letter followed by two numbers (Ex. F45).

History
The first set of Dawn dolls were released by Topper Toys in 1970. They included Dawn, Angie, Glori, and Dale. The second set of Dawn dolls added Jessica, Longlocks, Gary, Ron, and Van to the bunch. This second set also introduced the "Head to Toe", "Dancing", and "Flower Fantasy" themes. The first set of dolls was also released under these themes. The last wave of dolls came out under the "Model Agency" and "Majorette" themes. The “Model Agency” theme introduced new dolls, Dinah, Denise, Melanie, Daphne, and Maureen. The "Majorette" theme brought in Connie, April, and Kip. The Dawn dolls provided a good amount of competition for the more expensive Mattel Barbie doll. Due to the lower price of Dawn dolls, it was easy for consumers to amass a relatively large portion of the collection for little money.

However, Topper Toys went bankrupt in 1973 and Dawn dolls were discontinued. Although the dolls achieved a huge amount of initial success, it was difficult to maintain. The small size of the doll made it hard for the manufacturers to get enough detailing onto the clothing to substantially innovate the styles.

After Topper shut down in the spring of 1973, dolls were packaged to be sold from the scraps of the leftover inventory. Thus, a doll might be packaged in outfits and/or boxes made for another doll character. For example, a Dale doll might come in Angie's "Model Agency" outfit in a box printed with Longlocks' name. Dolls were also manufactured from leftover parts, so a buyer might get Dawn with Jessica's hair.

Checkerboard Toys then took over the Dawn doll market and began making reproductions of Dawn, Glori, Angie, and Dale as a 30th anniversary commemoration to the first Topper Dawn dolls. Checkerboard also released four new dolls, Shannon, Macy, Maura, and Denise. However, the new dolls never really caught on and Checkerboard made its last Dawn dolls in 2003. In 2004, Toy O Rama rereleased a line of Dawn dolls, but met with little success and shortly discontinued manufacturing.

Accessories
Dawn and her friends enjoyed a wide range of cool accessories. The Dawn Fashion Show was a revolving stage where the girls could practice modeling the latest fashions. The Dawn Beauty Pageant was a similar item that allowed the dolls to walk the runway, turn, and walk back along the other side. The Dawn's Disco was a psychedelic revolving dance floor where exclusive doll characters, Fancy Feet and her dreamy boyfriend Kevin, could dance the night away. Dawn's Beauty Parlor and Dawn's Dress shop let the girls try out the latest looks in the three-way mirror and actual working sink. They could drive there in Dawn's Action Car, a flashy blue convertible.

title: Dawn doll


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kerrbot

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 03:40, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Kerrbot
Conspiracy Theory, Hoax; No Google references Cpaliga 03:39, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * (speedy) delete. The Siberia part makes it patent nonsense. Kappa 04:01, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable.   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  06:30, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hoax. utcursch | talk 07:54, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - hoax CLW 12:52, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kerrbot


text:
Talk:Lunar month

28 days
It is popularly believed that a lunar month is equal to 28 days, which is obviously complete rubbish. Does anyone know how this was arrived at? (I assume it is an approximate average between the synodic month and orbital period, although obviously I am not about to include my own wild assumptions in the article). --Lezek 03:42, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * You have 4 phases (new/cresent, first quarter, full, and last quarter), and each phase lasts ~1 week. Generic street talk (slang) often treats it as a 28 day cycle. -- Kheider (talk) 10:34, 15 June 2010 (UTC)
 * In what country? I was taught the real deal before I thirteen,in what used to be called Science. 28 days refers to the Sidereal period,from star to star, & the Anomalistic: neither are easily observed & noted.AptitudeDesign (talk) 12:26, 18 April 2014 (UTC)

The phases of the Moon are a separate thing from the orbit of the Moon. The orbital period of the Moon affects the phases, but the phases do not affect the orbital period. The orbital period is between 27 and 28 days. It is rounded up to 28 days so we do not start the first day of a new month in the middle of the last day of the previous month, for those of us who use the Moon's orbital period as the basis for the length of the month. I have never understood why most cultures reckon the length of months based on the phase cycle of the Moon (the synodic month), because it makes no sense to do it that way. Perhaps they prefer a visible, though less accurate, way of estimating the months. Thibeinn (talk) 20:28, 22 June 2020 (UTC)

Comment from article
This line removed - it had been in article for 12 months without comment. Saltmarsh 11:22, 31 December 2005 (UTC)
 * This should perhaps be merged with Month.

Synodic month
235 arcsine [1/38]equals the average length, while the real length depends upon the Earth's distance from the Sun. 29d 06h 32m to 29d 19h 59m. Therefore,it does not "vary by up to seven hours", but plus or minus seven hours. The range is 13 hours & 37 minutes,not half of that.AptitudeDesign (talk) 12:20, 18 April 2014 (UTC)

If this is the "main article"...
Right now, the Month article and this article about the Lunar month are contradicting as to the question which of these is the main article where it concerns the astronomical definitions. Under https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synodic_month#Types_of_months_in_astronomy, it links to this article as the main article. But then it doesn't really make sense that the most complete explanation of the different definitions is not in this article, but in the article Month.

It becomes extra confusing when this article, supposedly the main one about astronomical definitions of a month, links the names of the several different definitions back to the Month article if you click on them. That would make sense if the Month article was the main article about the astronomical definitions.

I think it would make more sense to switch the texts, i.e. put the longer explanations, that are now in the Month article, in this article instead. And put the slightly shorter (more summarized) texts that are now here, in the Month article instead, which after all also includes other non-astronomical definitions, and links to this article as being the main article about astronomical definitions. As it stands now, with the most complete explanations being in the Month article, a separate article about the Lunar Month (astronomical definitions) becomes almost obsolete, since it adds nothing extra to the information that is already in the bigger article. Greetings, RagingR2 (talk) 13:25, 20 August 2014 (UTC)

 * It looks like this article could be merged with month with some of it transferred to lunar calendar or lunisolar calendar. Karl (talk) 11:38, 22 August 2014 (UTC)

Table of Month Lengths
I've been trying to trace down the source for the Table of Month Lengths in this article. It is based on a calculation from (Chapront-Touzé and Chapront 1991) but the book does not give the month lengths in the form provided here. The values are apparently from an independent calculation by editor. The table has existed since the creation of the article Month in 2001 and its later move to this article in 2014. At no point in this creation or move is there an explanation of the underlying calculation.

In 2001 Wikipedia was not as rigorous as it presently is about original research, but the table seems to go beyond the currently accepted limits on Routine Calculations. I'd appreciate an explanation of the origins of these parameters if one is available. --SteveMcCluskey (talk) 22:27, 5 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Ephemeride theories like in the book of the Chapronts (p.12 table 4) give expressions for the fundamental arguments, like mean anomaly, in the form of a polynomial. The linear term provides the number of degrees d per Julian century (36525 days). The period is then 360*36525/d. I do not know or care if this meets Wikipedias current limits on routine calculations. It is a useful parameter to have listed somewhere accessible like Wikipedia (and more useful to most people than an expression for the mean anomaly): but I will never get a paper published in a peer-reviewed journal deriving these values, because it is too trivial - anyone who had calculus in secondary school should be able to do it. See New_moon for a detailed derivation of a polynomial expression based on updated values. Tom Peters (talk) 06:27, 20 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the reply. I suspected it had something to do with the Chapronts' Table 4, which should be cited specifically in the footnote. However, it's still not clear to this reader how the time term Y in the month lengths, e.g., tropical month = $27.322$ + $0$ × Y, relates to specific elements in the Chapronts' Table 4. On another point, the authors use symbols (L, D, l', l, F) which imply a familiarity with how these elements of celestial mechanics relate to the various months; we can't assume that for a typical Wikipedia reader. Could you draft an explanatory footnote to show what you did here?  It would be very helpful to show the reader the basis of this table; I agree that it is very useful but I feel uncomfortable citing it without such a clear demonstration of its basis. --SteveMcCluskey (talk) 20:11, 20 August 2019 (UTC)

 * See my edits. Tom Peters (talk) 22:01, 21 August 2019 (UTC)

Generalizations are NOT facts
From the article...

Cycle lengths[edit source]

Regardless of the culture, all lunar calendar months approximate the mean length of the synodic month, the average period the Moon takes to cycle through its phases (new, first quarter, full, last quarter) and back again: 29–30[9] days.

From me...

That statement is a generalization, not a fact. In most cultures it is true. In some cultures it is not true.

Thibeinn (talk) 19:44, 22 June 2020 (UTC)

Thibeinn, could you give an example of a culture where a lunar calendar month does not approximate the mean length of the synodic month? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Evan W Morton (talk • contribs) 20:49, 3 July 2020 (UTC) Apologies for failing to sign the previous comment. I'm a newbie. I'll put four tildes and see if it works.Evan W Morton (talk) 20:54, 3 July 2020 (UTC)

Ambiguous pronoun
In the phrase affecting its motion , it's not obvious what "it" refers to. Please change it to "affecting the Moon's motion" or "affecting the Earth's motion" or whatever is accurate.Evan W Morton (talk) 20:57, 3 July 2020 (UTC)

Edits to section #Synodic month
If anyone is concerned/interested by my edits to the section on the synodic month, it arises from a discussion at talk:Lunar calendar. That would be the best place for comments right now. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 11:27, 30 April 2021 (UTC)

What kind of days?
The length of a sidereal month is given as "27.321661 days (27 d 7 h 43 min 11.6 s)". I can only get this to be correct if "day" is interpreted as a day of 86,400.002 s, while the "d" in "27 d" is interpreted as 86,400 s. The latter is indeed the accepted standard interpretation of the time unit d. The former – interpreting the common noun "day" as meaning "day of 86,400.002 s" – is not. Shouldn't it be made explicit that the meaning here is 27.321661 days of 86,400.002 s (and likewise for the other types of months)? --Lambiam 11:56, 23 September 2021 (UTC)

 * The reference (Lang) gives only 27.321661 days - the value 27d 7h 43m 11.6s appears to have been added by someone else who did a poor job in converting this to hms. It should be 27d 7h 43m 11.5s. Nobody uses days of 86,400.002 seconds. AstroLynx (talk) 12:12, 23 September 2021 (UTC)

Lunation - other meaning
“Lunation” redirects to this article, which defines it as an average duration, along with “”. However, there appears to be a different meaning, as e.g. used in https://www.timeanddate.com/moon/phases: On that page, “lunation” refers to a specific event (or a specific lunar month, to stick with the title of this article) which is consecutively numbered with a number currently in the 12hundreds.

Now it may justly be said that we're all used to such ambiguity from the word “year”, which also can refer to an average duration as well as to a certain moment in time, such as the year 2021 or the Year of the Four Emperors. But for “year”, we can disambiguate the two meanings, such as by adding “AD”. There seems to be no such disambiguation for “lunation”, so we need some extra clarity here.

It would also be good to include when the count of lunations started, and maybe a fragment of a calendar showing lunation #1 and some lunations around our time. ◅ Sebastian 10:51, 10 November 2021 (UTC)

 * The various numberings of calendrical lunations is discussed here. AstroLynx (talk) 12:15, 10 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Thanks! I added the appropriate Redirect template to the section here. ◅ Sebastian 15:49, 13 January 2022 (UTC)

FALSE STATEMENT (I *think*!) in this sentence: "the ascending node, where the Moon enters the Northern Celestial Hemisphere, and the descending node, where the Moon moves into the Southern."
At the time of typing this, under the "Draconic month" section, the article states, "...: the ascending node, where the Moon enters the Northern Celestial Hemisphere, and the descending node, where the Moon moves into the Southern."

The words "Northern Celestial Hemisphere" in this sentence link to a page about the northern celestial hemisphere as defined by the equatorial plane. However, when the moon passes through the ascending node, it enters a celestial hemisphere defined by the ecliptic plane, not the equatorial plane.

Similarly, the word "Southern" at the end of the above sentence also links to an article about a celestial hemisphere defined by the equatorial plane and not the ecliptic plane.

The lunar nodes relate to the ecliptic plane, not the equatorial plane.

I'd correct this myself, but (i) I'm not 100% certain that I'm correct in the above, and (ii) I'm not very experienced with Wikipedia editing (putting links in etc).

51.219.141.160 (talk) 14:52, 12 April 2022 (UTC)

Tropical month
I inserted the following: Just as the tropical year is based on the amount of time between "turnings" of the sun (based on the Greek word τροπή meaning “turn, solstice”), the tropical month is the average time between corresponding lunistices, when the moon is furthest north, or furthest south. It is also the average time between successive moments when the moon crosses from the southern celestial hemisphere to the northern (or vice versa), or successive crossing of a given right ascension or ecliptic longitude. The moon rises at the North Pole once every tropical month, and likewise at the South Pole.

AstroLynx reverted this, saying that it was not an improvement. I object. It adds a lot of informative content that was not there before. I have restored this paragraph. I think the next paragraph should be edited (as I did at the time), but I'm leaving it now. I would remind AstroLynx to follow the policies as spelled out for example in BOLD, revert, discuss cycle, especially being courteous, not reverting without giving good reasons, and being open to discussion. Eric Kvaalen (talk) 19:02, 26 September 2023 (UTC)

 * I reverted your recent change as it mixes up the primary definition of the tropical month ('returns in ecliptic longitude') with secondary consequences. The tropical month is traditionally defined by astronomers as the average period between successive returns of the moon to the same ecliptic longitude (such as equinox to equinox). It's true that the same period also applies to the interval between 'turnings' of the moon or lunistices but those are secondary to the primary astronomical definition.

 * My proposal is to first give the primary definition and then state the other periods related to it. AstroLynx (talk) 22:41, 26 September 2023 (UTC)

The recently added alternative definition for the length of the tropical month is unsourced and appears to be based on original research. As has been noted by an anonymous editor, it is also contradicts the traditional definition given in the next paragraph which can also be found in online sources such the Britannica, Collins Dictionary or the Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Unless the recently added paragraph is properly sourced, I propose to delete it at the end of this month. AstroLynx (talk) 15:40, 15 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lunar month


text:
Ken Wood (manufacturer)

 Kenneth Wood (4 October 1916 – 19 October 1997) was an English engineer, entrepreneur and businessman. He is best known as the founder of the Kenwood Manufacturing Company and for the development of the eponymous Kenwood Chef food mixer.

Life and career
Grandson of confectionery manufacturer Charles Riley Maynard, founder of Maynards, Kenneth Wood was born on 4 October 1916 in Lewisham in London.

He was brought up in Chelsfield in Kent and was educated at Bromley County School before leaving home in 1930, aged fourteen to join the merchant navy for five years, after which, he studied electrical engineering and accountancy at night school. A year later, in 1936, he set up his own company, Dickson & Wood, selling, installing and repairing radios and televisions.

In 1939, he sold the company and joined the Royal Air Force where he worked as an engineer at the Admiralty developing radar and electronic controls.

After the war, he founded Woodlau Industries, with wartime colleague Roger Laurence, starting production in 1947 in Woking with the A100 turnover toaster, an appliance that was uncommon in the UK at that time, and then the A200 food mixer - the predecessor of the Kenwood Chef which was launched in 1950. When Roger Laurence left the company, Wood changed the name to Kenwood Manufacturing Company Ltd. The company moved to Havant in Hampshire in 1961, then employing a workforce of 700.

Kenwood's products were successful because Wood identified household tasks that gave housewives most work and developed machines to do those jobs. Within a few years of setting up the company, he was one of Britain's youngest millionaires. However, in 1968, Wood parted company with Kenwood Manufacturing after a hostile takeover by Thorn Electrical Industries although he maintained an interest in the company until his death.

On 31 May 1972, he was granted the Freedom of the City of London as a result of his membership of the Worshipful Company of Farriers.

Between 1972–80, Wood was chairman and managing director of the Dawson-Keith Group of Companies, mostly a maker of generators. In 1984, he was appointed Fellow of the Institute of Ophthalmology.

He founded Forest Mere Health Farm (now Champneys Forest Mere) and the keen golfer invested in Old Thorns Manor Hotel, his then-Hampshire home, with television commentator Peter Alliss, both in Liphook and was also chairman of the governors of Wispers School in Haslemere, Surrey (which closed in 2008).

He was managing director of Hydrotech Systems between 1984–87.

Wood died on 19 October 1997 in Liphook, Hampshire after a short illness. He left a widow, Patricia, two sons and two daughters by his previous marriage, and three stepsons.

On 7 Sept 2017, a blue plaque in memory of Kenneth Wood was unveiled in Goldsworth Road, Woking at the site where the company first started in 1947.

title: Ken Wood (manufacturer)


text:
Protorothyrididae

Protorothyrididae is an extinct family of small, lizard-like reptiles belonging to Eureptilia. Their skulls did not have fenestrae, like the more derived diapsids. Protorothyridids lived from the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian periods, in what is now North America. Many genera of primitive reptiles were thought to be protorothyridids. Brouffia, Coelostegus, Paleothyris and Hylonomus, for example, were found to be more basal eureptiles in Muller and Reisz (2006), making the family as historically defined paraphyletic, though three genera, Protorothyris, Anthracodromeus, and Cephalerpeton, were recovered as a monophyletic group. Anthracodromeus, Paleothyris, and Protorothyris were recovered as a monophyletic group in Ford and Benson (2020) (who did not sample Cephalerpeton), who recovered them as more derived than captorhinids and Hylonomus, but less so than araeoscelidians. Anthracodromeus is the earliest known reptile to display adaptations to climbing. The majority of phylogenetic studies recover protorothyridids as basal members of Eureptilia; however, Simões et al. (2022) recover them as stem-amniotes instead.

title: Protorothyrididae


text:
Lee Adama

Leland Joseph "Lee" Adama (callsign "Apollo") is a fictional character in the television series Battlestar Galactica. He is portrayed by actor Jamie Bamber, and is one of the main characters in the series. His first appearance was in the 2003 Battlestar Galactica miniseries.

Early life
Lee Adama was born to William Adama, a veteran of the First Cylon War, and his wife, Carolanne Adama.

Lee had a younger brother, Zak Adama. Their father strongly encouraged both boys to join the Colonial Fleet and become Viper pilots. Zak died in an accident after being granted flight status, against the better judgment of his flight instructor and fiancée, then-Lieutenant Kara "Starbuck" Thrace. Zak's death created a rift between Lee Adama and his father, which would only be healed two years later after the Destruction of the Twelve Colonies.

After the destruction of the Twelve Colonies
By the time of the Cylons' devastating attack on the Twelve Colonies, Lee Adama is a Captain in the Colonial Fleet Reserve with the call sign "Apollo". He is a special guest at the decommissioning ceremonies for Battlestar Galactica, commanded by his father. After Major Jackson "Ripper" Spencer, the Galactica ' s CAG (Commander of the Air Group) is killed in battle, Lee Adama becomes senior surviving pilot, then joins the Galactica crew and becomes its CAG.

Lee Adama's strained relationship with his father also causes him to become a strong supporter of Colonial President Laura Roslin, who often butts heads with William Adama. Roslin, unfamiliar with the military, appoints Lee Adama to be her personal advisor.

Early in their relationship, President Laura Roslin often referred to Lee Adama as "Captain Apollo". Lee once corrected her, stating "Apollo" was his call sign, but President Roslin replied "'Captain Apollo' has a nice ring to it." Upon joining Galactica's crew, Apollo was a bit of an outsider but after proving himself in several missions as more than just the "old man's son" he earned the respect of his fellow pilots and soon became one of the crew.

When Kara Thrace goes missing after being shot down over an unnamed red moon, Lee takes a leading role in the search for the missing pilot. However, he and his father are eventually forced to abandon the search for Starbuck. President Roslin points out that their personal feelings are taking precedence over the welfare of the fleet, leading to the difficult decision to cease the search. Fortunately, Starbuck is able to return to Galactica using a Cylon Raider she shot down. However, the incident cements the father-son bond between William Adama and his surviving son. Lee questions how long his father would search for him, were he missing, to which the elder Adama responds, "If it were you, we'd never leave."

Lee is part of the strike team sent by then-Commander Adama to Colonial One to terminate Laura Roslin's presidency after she encourages Kara Thrace to abscond with a captured Cylon Raider. On board Colonial One, Lee has a change of heart, declaring that it isn't worth it to sacrifice democracy. He puts his gun to Colonel Saul Tigh's head. Tigh calmly tells Lee, "This is mutiny, you know that." Tigh takes control of the situation after Roslin surrenders and is able to take both Roslin and Lee into custody.

Lee is present in the Galactica ' s CIC shortly thereafter, when the Cylon infiltrator known as Lieutenant Junior Grade Sharon "Boomer" Valerii shoots Commander Adama twice in the chest; despite his disagreement with his father over deposing Roslin, he tries to comfort his father after being shot. On Tigh's orders, Lee is physically dragged from his father's side and thrown in the brig. Needing Lee's services as CAG, Tigh later releases Lee on parole. Lee will perform his duties as before, but "make no attempt to free [Roslin] or sow insurrection among the crew", and will return to the brig when not on duty.

Nonetheless, Lee breaks his parole after Tigh's leadership takes a disastrous turn and results in civilian deaths. He helps Roslin to lead a breakaway fleet to Kobol. After Commander Adama and President Roslin make a personal effort to heal the divisions in the fleet, Lee returns to duty on Galactica. Lee is one of the five people who see firsthand the map to Earth in the Tomb of Athena on Kobol.

After the Battlestar Pegasus joins the fleet, Lee is temporarily transferred to the Pegasus, given duties flying Raptors rather than Vipers, and even demoted to Lieutenant. All of these misfortunes are reversed after the successful attack on the Cylon Resurrection ship, the death of Rear Admiral Helena Cain, and his father's promotion to flag rank. However, Lee battles with depression at this time, confessing to Kara Thrace "he didn't want to make it back alive."

While on leave on the Cloud 9 luxury liner, Lee is accidentally shot by Kara Thrace during a hostage rescue. He takes almost a month to recover from this wound, during which time he is promoted to Major and consummates his long-simmering relationship with Petty Officer Second Class Anastasia Dualla. He is assigned to Pegasus to assist the new commanding officer, Commander Barry Garner. After he successfully commands the ship during a Cylon surprise attack in which Garner is killed, Lee is quickly promoted from Major to Commander, and given command of Pegasus.

New Caprica and the Second Exodus
Shortly before the Roslin-vs.-Baltar presidential election, the fleet discovers a somewhat habitable planet inside of a nebula, presumably safe from Cylon discovery, which is named New Caprica. After Gaius Baltar wins the presidential election, he orders the establishment of permanent settlements on the planet. The Galactica and Pegasus begin a monotonous orbital defense patrol.

Months later, at a party commemorating the ceremonial groundbreaking on New Caprica, Lee and Kara Thrace both become inebriated. During the celebration, they express their love for each other, make love, and subsequently fall asleep together. However, Kara wakes up first and departs. When Lee wakes and returns to the settlement he finds Kara has married Samuel Anders. This betrayal causes a lot of bad feeling between Adama and Thrace. He takes to overeating and puts on a lot of weight; he also marries his new first officer, Anastasia Dualla, now a Lieutenant Junior Grade.

Eight months later the Cylons find New Caprica, and take control over the colonists. With only a skeleton crew manning his ship, Lee is forced to flee with the rest of the fleet hoping to return again to fight off the Cylons and save the civilian population.

Four months later still, as the Galactica and Pegasus lay plans to rescue the civilians trapped on New Caprica, the psychological impact of the past year is also obvious: after previously being in good physical shape, Lee has become overweight, sentimental and "soft", to the point where it interferes with his ability to command the Pegasus. When contact with the resistance movement on New Caprica is established, Lee is ordered by his father to take the Pegasus and continue the search for Earth while the Galactica attempts to liberate the planet. When Galactica is near destruction, Lee and Pegasus come to the rescue, giving his father's ship time to jump out. Under heavy fire from four Cylon Basestars, the Pegasus is heavily damaged, having left its Vipers to defend the rest of the fleet. Lee orders the crew to abandon ship in Raptors, the Pegasus then rams a Cylon basestar, instantly destroying both vessels, and a large piece of flight pod wreckage damages or destroys a second basestar.

Lee's first role after the rescue of the civilian population appears to be connected to conducting some kind of head-count or census of the rescued civilians. It is in this capacity he notices certain confirmed survivors have gone missing, having been executed by The Circle for collaborating with the Cylons. He then returns to the role of Galactica ' s CAG, with the rank of Major. After much hard physical training, he loses the excess weight he gained over the previous year and asks Captain Karl "Helo" Agathon to remind him to never let himself go like that again.

Lee advocates using captured Cylons infected with a strain of lymphocytic encephalitis as biological weapons to exterminate the Cylon race. His plan is approved by President Roslin, but is thwarted by Captain Karl "Helo" Agathon, the Galactica ' s executive officer at the time.

The renewed strength of his bond with his father is shown when his father chooses to confess to Lee about his fears he may have inadvertently provoked the Cylon onslaught on the Colonies.

Resignation from Colonial Forces and legal aspirations
The father-son relationship between Lee and Adama sours after the death of Kara Thrace, whom Lee loved deeply and whom Adama considered as close as a daughter. Both grieve, but Lee is visibly shaken by the loss, while Adama tries to move forward. Recognizing that his son has become unhinged by her death, Adama pulls Lee from flight duty and assigns him the task of leading the security detail for the defense attorney of Gaius Baltar. Adama views Baltar's trial as little more than a public relations exercise. Lee suspects his father is being overprotective, fearing to lose him as he did Kara. After two assassination attempts on Baltar's lawyer, Romo Lampkin, the culprit is identified. Adama then reinstates Lee as CAG, not wanting to expose him to the dangers of potential assassination attempts. However, Lee has developed a keen interest in Colonial law after reading his grandfather's law books and believes he could assist Lampkin in preparing the case. Despite Adama's resistance, Lee refuses to resume his duties as CAG and joins the legal team.

During the trial, Admiral Adama becomes infuriated upon learning that Saul Tigh, now a witness, is compelled to admit that he killed his own wife on New Caprica. Adama blames Lee, suspecting that his son provided the information to Lampkin. Adama urges Lee to cease assisting Baltar, but Lee refuses. Tensions escalate, leading to Lee resigning his commission after Adama openly declares that Lee lacks integrity and accuses him of being a "coward" for purportedly allowing Romo to question Saul.

Shedding the uniform, Lee starts to view the trial as an exercise in justice rather than a trial of a specific individual. He personally takes on the cross-examination of President Laura Roslin, confronting her about her renewed use of the hallucinogenic compound chamala-extract, which she asserts is a treatment for her relapse of cancer. While Lee sees this move as justified in preserving justice within the fleet, it exacerbates tensions in his relationships with both his father and Roslin. Additionally, it prompts his wife to finally leave him.

After Laura's deposition, Lee is the last witness called, following Felix Gaeta's perjury in stating President Baltar willingly signed a mass execution warrant. Lee proclaims in court nearly all those in positions of power throughout the Fleet, including himself, are guilty of murder and treason to some degree; because Baltar is broadly reviled in Fleet society, human civilization is scapegoating the ex-President in an effort to expunge its guilt and shame. Lee ultimately realizes he was being manipulated by Lampkin, who boldly predicted to Baltar he has no greater ally than a son trying to flee his father's shadow.

Following Baltar's acquittal, the Fleet is once again discovered by the Cylons. Despite having resigned his commission, Lee dons a flight suit and pilots Viper 3 to aid in defending the fleet from the Cylons. While in flight, he notices something on his wing, discovering it to be another Viper flown by Kara Thrace. She reassures him, saying, "It's okay, don't freak out, it's really me. I've been to Earth, I know where it is, and I'm gonna take us there."

While reviewing his gun camera footage, Lee tells his father that since Baltar's trial, he feels he can do more outside the military, even as his father offers to return his wings. Adama is visibly upset but ultimately accedes to his son's wishes.

At a party, Lee drinks several toasts to the Galactica, his friends, Rear Admiral Adama, the Fleet and "to absent friends." As he leaves the Galactica, the pilots and Command staff salute him while he boards the Raptor taking him off the ship. Dualla presents Lee with his Viper wings in a frame.

Lee begins his political career as the Caprica Delegate to the Quorum of Twelve. Following the disappearance of President Roslin aboard the defecting Cylon basestar, Lee searches for an alternative Presidential candidate to Tom Zarek. After a tense confrontation with a despairing Romo Lampkin, during which he is informed of his nomination with a gun to the head, Lee accepts his candidacy. Aboard Colonial One, Lee Adama is inaugurated as the Acting President of the Twelve Colonies of Kobol.

Earth
After his father's return to Galactica, President Adama is faced with a hostage crisis instigated by the Cylon D'Anna. She demands the Four Cylons within the Colonial fleet reveal themselves and find their way to the Rebel baseship; until then, a Colonial hostage on the baseship would be killed every 15 minutes.

Amid his father's nervous breakdown following Tigh's confession, Lee gained the upper hand. Quickly, he had three of the final five individuals standing in an airlock. D'Anna, feeling cornered and prepared to nuke the civilian fleet, seemed hopeless in the confrontation until Starbuck arrived with the coordinates to Earth. Lee believed that withholding the information would only prolong a pointless war, so he shared the discovery with D'Anna. He ensured that Cylons and humans would travel to Earth and forge a new home together.

The Fleet's arrival at Earth was a bittersweet experience for Adama. Joy, elation and relief quickly turned to dismay and horror upon witnessing a devastated cityscape once the thirteenth colony.

After returning to Galactica, Lee and his ex-wife Anastasia Dualla share a "date." After Lee departs, Dualla fatally shoots herself in the head wishing to hold onto the reconciliation as her last memory.

In the wake of Tom Zarek's failed coup, Lee is appointed Vice President of the Colonies by President Laura Roslin, and it is made clear while she will retain the title of President, Lee will handle the "heavy lifting."

Admiral Adama decides to lead a possibly one-way rescue mission for Hera, and when volunteers are requested, Lee is the first to step forward. Leading one of the assault teams into the Colony, he successfully retrieves Hera and brings her safely back to the Galactica. Upon reaching the second Earth, Lee proposes that the survivors abandon their ships and technology, taking the opportunity to break the cycle of violence and start anew. The survivors agree to the plan, willingly allowing the fleet to be destroyed as they settle on Earth with their existing supplies. With a fresh chance at life, Lee expresses interest in exploring the new planet.

Relationships

 * William Adama: Lee's father and current commander of the fleet and Galactica. Although strained at the beginning, his relationship with his son has evolved into a mutual love and respect. Lee then quit his role as CAG to defend Baltar full-time and was on very bad terms with Bill Adama. Following the trial, the two reconciled; Lee being offered the opportunity to return to the service.
 * Kara Thrace: Although the extent of his relationship with Kara Thrace, callsign Starbuck, before joining Galactica has never fully been explained, they share one of the strongest bonds on the show. It is revealed in the series finale Lee met Kara while she was dating Zak Adama. The three had a dinner party in Kara's apartment, and a drunken Kara dared Lee to make love to her while Zak was passed out on the sofa. The two stopped themselves when Zak briefly woke, but it is clear the attraction between Lee and Kara existed from the beginning of their friendship. Aboard Galactica, the two often have a volatile relationship, both professionally and personally. They almost consummated their relationship in "Scar", and have often been known to be jealous of each other's lovers. While not on good terms since finally sleeping together on New Caprica, their relationship seems to have improved since facing off in an emotional boxing match in "Unfinished Business". In the beginning of season 3 Lee and Kara seem to be on the verge of a serious relationship until Kara suddenly gets married. This does not put a stop to the tension between the characters; however, Lee won't cheat on his wife, Dee, and Kara doesn't want to divorce her husband, Anders, saying divorce is a sin in "The Eye of Jupiter". After Kara returns from the dead at the beginning of season 4, Lee supports her claims she can lead the fleet to Earth. Aside from a brief kiss during the mutiny aboard Galactica, Lee and Kara's relationship is not explored much during the final season, although the two characters share a final scene together in the series finale, with Kara mysteriously disappearing when Lee briefly looks away from her.
 * Laura Roslin: President of the Colonies. Appointed Lee as her military advisor in Season 1. Over the course of the show Lee has consistently sided with Roslin over his father, most notably when he refused to arrest her for defying his father's orders and later when he defected with her and nearly a third of the fleet to go to Kobol. Since then, however, their relationship has deteriorated. Assigned to Gaius Baltar's security during his trial for the crimes committed on New Caprica, Lee takes an active interest in Baltar's defense to the point of questioning Laura Roslin himself when the President took the stand. In an attempt to undermine her credibility, Lee forced the President to confess she had resumed taking chamalla, the hallucinogenic alternative cancer therapy. While Lee's reasoning was the President had become addicted, a disappointed and betrayed Roslin was forced to reveal her cancer had in fact returned. In Season 4, Lee resigns his post as CAG and takes up a position as Quorum Delegate for Caprica, which finds his idealism conflicting with Roslin's more totalitarian and secretive approach to fleet politics. However, Lee gains Roslin's respect with his handling of the hostage situation created by D'Anna as the acting president, with her saying his duty to the fleet is not over and the human race will need people like Lee Adama to lead them in the coming days.
 * Anastasia Dualla: Former communications NCO on Galactica. She was Lee Adama's executive officer aboard Pegasus and after forming a relationship with Lee, she married him.  Later, Dee left her husband after he took a job on Baltar's defense team and relentlessly attacked Laura Roslin on the stand, forcing her to reveal her chamalla use. After the discovery of the planet originally called Earth, Lee and Dee briefly reestablished their relationship. However, this does not stop the depressed Dee from committing suicide after Earth is found to be unsuitable for colonization. Lee is deeply shaken by her death, and knows that he will ultimately never understand her reasons for suicide. Although her decision was never explained onscreen, a deleted scene from the episode Unfinished Business indicated Dee was aware of Lee's 'love and connection' with Kara Thrace.
 * Romo Lampkin: Defense attorney (specifically a public defender) and protégé of Lee's grandfather Joseph (himself a public defender). Lampkin's approach in developing Gaius Baltar's defense intrigues Lee and causes him to become Lampkin's bodyguard. Later, Lampkin's philosophical prodding on the nature of justice, as well as stories about Joseph Adama's career and personality encourage Lee to resign from the Fleet and become the Caprican representative on the Quorum of Twelve.
 * Gianne: Lee's fiancée from Caprica who presumably died during the Cylon attacks. Lee holds residual guilt for leaving her behind, and for running out on her when he found out she was pregnant with his child prior to the Cylon attacks.
 * Shevon: A prostitute from Cloud 9 with whom Lee had relations. Lee tried to ease his guilt over what happened with Gianne by trying to save Shevon and her daughter Paya.

title: Lee Adama


text:
Kenwood Chef

The Kenwood Chef is a food mixer developed by Ken Wood in Britain. It is a single machine with a number of attachments that allow it to perform many functions. The Chef, based on the earlier A200, was introduced in 1950. Kenwood mixers, along with most other Kenwood products were originally manufactured in the UK by Kenwood Limited (not to be confused with the Japanese Kenwood Corporation which manufactures audio equipment). The Chef Mixer was an instant success in the UK and is still Kenwood's top seller.

Overview
Kenneth Maynard Wood, with his friend Roger Laurence, began trading as Woodlau Industries Ltd in 1947. His aim was to produce luxury items that would quickly be seen as necessities. He began marketing a toaster (Model A100) and a food mixer with two beaters (Model A200). The original mixer marketed as "The Kenwood Electric Food Mixer", designed in 1947 was very similar (possibly too similar) to the Sunbeam Mixmaster Model 3, an American mixer made between 1936 and 1939, and he faced serious competition and possibly objection. He completely redesigned the mixer, which was then launched at the Ideal Home Exhibition in London in March 1950. This mixer was no longer just a mixer, as he had added several other functions, and so he called it the Kenwood Electric Chef. It sold for £19 10s. 10d. (£19.54).

Since it was first introduced the basic Kenwood Chef design has changed little, with most changes being cosmetic. The A700 was the first model, launched on the market at the 1950 Ideal Home Show, superseded by the A700D with minor cosmetic differences and internal updates. In 1960 the Chef was redesigned by Kenneth Grange as the familiarly shaped A701 series. This was introduced in white or cream with grey trim, which was superseded in 1963 by white and duck egg blue, and then in 1969 by white and dark blue. Other standard and special versions of the A701 had different colours, mostly orange and brown, or light blue and dark blue..

The A703C, of which few were made, most from Australia was based on the A701A but looked similar to the later A901; it had semi-electronic speed control same to the A901.

The A701C, same design to A703C Made by Kenwood Argentina S.A. was the first Kenwood mixer fully electronic (non centrifugal) with improved motor.

During the mid-1970s the A901 series replaced the A701. The shape was basically similar but with a slightly more streamlined appearance. The design of the machine was entirely new. The Chef was designed for multi-functionality and simplicity of use. Its planetary action (which ensured the beater or whisk reached the outer parts of the mixing bowl) and various motor outlets for attachments made it very versatile. Kenwood's 1976 attachments for the Chefs included mincers, slicers, coffee mill, sausage making attachment, shredders, bean slicer and pea huller, can opener, liquidiser, potato peeler, cream maker and juice extractor.

The original A901 had a redesigned centrifugal speed controller, replaced in the A901P (Chef Deluxe) by the new electronic speed control first seen on the A703C. The standard A901 was white with black trim, the "Super Chef" orange with brown trim, and the "Chef Deluxe" in beige with brown trim costing about £10 more. These more expensive models came with a stainless steel bowl (also sold as an optional extra, specifically for pastry making) instead of the standard plastic bowl. In around 1983 a white with silver and maroon trim "Chef Excel" with slight changes in appearance was introduced. Later Excel models were white with light blue trim, and finally all white.

In 1997, a Special Edition KM500 SE was launched, to celebrate 50 years of Kenwood. The model, based on a KM200 but with an all-metal top arm, was finished in Aubergine with a special 'limited edition' plate with unique number, and a stainless steel mixing bowl. The packaging also contained a special booklet detailing the history of Kenwood.

In 2004 the redesigned KM001 series was introduced, different both mechanically and in appearance. Models in this series had an extra power outlet, which enabled them to use a wider range of over 20 attachments. The first Titanium series- KM001 was manufactured in UK then future models moved to Chinese manufacture.

The 2006 range consisted of six different Chef models, differing mainly in power.

The Kenwood Major (sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "Chef Major"), a larger model of similar general appearance to the Chef models but with a 6-litre bowl of the same diameter but higher than the Chef's 4.6-litre bowl, has also been produced. The Kenwood Major has versions specially made for commercial use which include extra features as required by increased Health and Safety requirements, such as no-voltage dropout 'Start' and 'Stop' buttons in addition to the standard speed control/off dial, and a safety guard above the bowl. There also is a version which has a cook-and-stir function, that is called "Cooking Chef" but has the bowl size of a Major type machine.

Both the Chef and Major have four attachment points:
 * High speed outlet (top rear) for liquidiser and soft foods mill.
 * Medium speed outlet (top middle) for citrus extractor.
 * Low speed outlet (front) for mincer, hard foods mills, pasta makers etc.
 * Orbital hub for beaters, potato peeler or ice cream maker.

The newer Classic Chef and Chef Premier do not have the medium speed outlet.

A much smaller model (which does not resemble the Chef or Major at all), the Kenwood Chefette, has also been produced. The Chefette is basically a hand-mixer on a stand, and for the A340 version the bowl rotates by the action of the tools and food rotation. Later versions may have a power driven bowl. Liquidiser and coffee grinder attachments are available for it.

Compatibility
The auxiliary outlets are standard for all A700 machines, and were then updated for the A901. Some attachments for the A701 look very similar to those for the A901 but have a different fitting: they are not compatible and cannot be adapted. Older attachments for the A701 that may be found second-hand say on the box that they are for "All Chef and Major Models", true at the time but no longer so.

There are three designs of shaft fitting into the orbital hub
 * Cross-cut slot at top (very old machines only). A700, A700D. A701.
 * Bayonet with circular spring ("circlip beater"). A701A, A901/E/P, KM200/300/400/560 series and Titanium KM001/003
 * Bayonet without circular spring (recent machines). KM010 KVC series.

Early A706 Major models had another fitting, whereby the tool slid into a groove on the socket on the planet hub, after which a metal sleeve would drop down over the socket ensuring the beater stayed in place.

A further complication is that, due to its extra height, any accessory fitted to the orbital hub of the Major must be longer than its Chef counterpart, so Major and Chef attachments for this hub are incompatible. This includes beaters, which need to reach to the bottom of the bowl, potato peeler, ice cream maker and others.

Attachments
Many attachments (e.g. coffee grinder, slicer and shredder, cream maker, grain mill, liquidiser, tin opener, potato peeler etc.) are available.

All models in the A700 and A900 series were supplied with the "K-Beater" (for standard mixing, beating, and folding), dough hook, and whisk as standard. Some models (particularly the "Super Chef" and "Chef Deluxe") included the liquidiser attachment (which in some models was made of glass and in others plastic). A much-needed splash-guard cover for the bowl was introduced for the Chef in the early 1980s; before this, there was a tendency for ingredients such as flour to be thrown from the open-top bowl, especially if too high a speed was used before they were mixed in.

The contemporary Kenwood Cooking Chef includes all the following attachments in its purchase price as standard: K-Beater, power whisk, spiral dough hook, stirring tool, flexi beater, food processor, steamer basket, and blender.

Other brands
The kitchen machine remains very popular across the UK and Europe, and is slowly working into the US market where the KitchenAid, which is a similar kitchen tool, has a greater market share.

In North America, the DeLonghi DSM5 and DSM7, and the Kenmore Elite Kitchen Machine (re-badged DSM5), are the same appliance as the Kenwood Chef and accessories are interchangeable between them. There is also a Hamilton Beach badged variant based around the KM800 Major.

title: Kenwood Chef


text:
Talk:Menai, New South Wales

Fires?
Maybe a mention of the fires?--BigglesTheGreat 03:45, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Nic Lepouris Highway
A reference to the Nic Lepouris Highway was added by an anon. Is it real? Google turned up a blank, but would a local from the shire care to comment? -- All the best, Nickj (t) 23:37, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

 * check a map, I don't think it exists.. the anon says that the M6 goes down to Nowra by this hypothetical highway. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 203.218.87.40  (talk • contribs)  19 Decemeber 2005.

 * A reference to the Nic Lepouris Highway was just added to Metroad 6. The only Google results for "Nic Lepouris Highway" are the two Wikipedia articles. The user who made the recent change also made reference to Metroad 8 (doesn't exist) and to the Epping-Chatswood railine as having a new name I've never heard of. Looks like vandalism to me. Just revert any of his/her changes. --Daveb 06:14, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

Advertising
This article seems like nothing more than an advertisement for the bourgeois real estate agents. Is there any talk on the indigineous peoples there? 222.154.65.96 02:30, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

Too many images?
1024*768 (WinXP, Firefox) resolution, the last image overlaps the template at the bottom. Perhaps we should ditch some images. Also, why do the edit buttons all get pushed to the bottom? - Quolnok 03:13, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Nevermind about the overlap, I just fixed that bit. - Quolnok 03:18, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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title: Talk:Menai, New South Wales


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User:Alcoved id

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Now reading:

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (1790)

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Have read:

Beowulf (~900)

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title: User:Alcoved id


text:
Proslogion

The Proslogion (Proslogium) is a prayer (or meditation) written by the medieval cleric Saint Anselm of Canterbury between 1077 and 1078. In each chapter, Anselm juxtaposes contrasting attributes of God to resolve apparent contradictions in Christian theology. This meditation is considered the first-known philosophical formulation that sets out an ontological argument for the existence of God.

The original title for this discourse was to be Faith Seeking Understanding.

Ontological arguments
The Proslogion marked what would be the beginning of Saint Anselm's famous and highly controversial ontological arguments for the existence of God. Anselm's first and most famous argument is found at the end of Chapter II, and it is followed by his second argument. While opinions concerning Anselm's twin ontological arguments widely differ—and have differed since the Proslogion was first conceived—there is a general consensus that the argument is most convincing to Anselm's intended audience: Christian believers who seek a rational basis for their belief in God.

First argument
There are various reconstructions of Anselm's first argument. Scott H. Moore's analysis is as follows:

 * Proposition 1: God is a being than which none greater can be conceived.
 * Proposition 2: If existence in reality is greater than existence in the mind alone, an imagined being who exists only in our mind is not a "being than which none greater can be conceived." A being than which none greater can be conceived must also exist in reality, where failure to do so would be a failure to be such.
 * Conclusion: Thus a being than which none greater can be conceived must exist, and we call this being God.
 * Because it is greater to exist in reality than in the mind only, the being that nothing greater than can be thought of will exist both in the mind and in reality.

Second argument
Donald Viney renders Anselm's second argument as follows:

 * 1) "God" means "that than which nothing greater can be conceived."
 * 2) The idea of God is not contradictory.
 * 3) That which can be thought of as not existing (a contingent being) is not as great as that which cannot be thought of as not existing (a necessary being).
 * 4) Therefore, to think of God as possibly not existing (as contingent) is not to think of the greatest conceivable being. It is a contradiction to think of the greatest conceivable being as nonexistent.
 * 5) Therefore, God exists.

=== Formal Reconstruction in a set theoretic form (by Gyorgy Gereby) ===

Vocabulary for the argument in a set logical form

 * R – not empty set of mind-independent real things
 * S – not empty set of (individual) people
 * P – set of sentences or propositions
 * I – set of mental contents (represent the meaning of sentences of P)
 * T = S XP --> I – is the function of “thinking of”, which assigns to sentences uttered by persons an intelligible element i of I
 * C = I --> R correspondence-function, which assigns to certain elements of I certain elements of R
 * V = { i | i ∈ I, ∃ r. r ∈ R, r = C (i)} – Set of mental things that have a counterpart in R
 * U = I \ V – set oft hings that do not have a counterpart in R
 * b ∈ S – individual name of the fool
 * g – individual name for god

Supplement
Anselm writes in Chapter XI that "you [God] are not only that than which a greater cannot be conceived, but you are a being greater than can be conceived."

Chapters

 * Chapter I: Exhortation of the mind to the contemplation of God.

 * Chapter II: That God Truly Exists
 * Chapter III: That God Cannot be Thought Not to Exist
 * Chapter IV: How the Fool Managed to Say in His Heart That Which Cannot be Thought
 * Chapter V: That God is whatever it is better to be than not to be, and that existing through Himself alone He makes all other beings from nothing
 * Chapter VI: How He is perceptive although He is not a body
 * Chapter VII: How He is omnipotent although He cannot do many things
 * Chapter VIII: How He is both merciful and impassible
 * Chapter IX: How the all-just and supremely just One spares the wicked and justly has mercy on the wicked
 * Chapter X: How He justly punishes and justly spares the wicked
 * Chapter XI: How 'all the ways of the Lord are mercy and truth', and yet how 'the Lord is just in all His ways'
 * Chapter XII: That God is the very life by which He lives and that the same holds for like attributes
 * Chapter XIII: How He alone is limitless and eternal, although other spirits are also limitless and eternal
 * Chapter XIV: How and why God is both seen and not seen by those seeking Him
 * Chapter XV: How He is greater than can be thought
 * Chapter XVI: That this is the 'inaccessible light' in which He 'dwells'
 * Chapter XVII: That harmony, fragrance, sweetness, softness, and beauty are in God according to His own ineffable manner
 * Chapter XVIII: That there are no parts in God or in His eternity which He is
 * Chapter XIX: That He is not in place or time but all things are in Him
 * Chapter XX: That He is before and beyond even all eternal things
 * Chapter XXI: Whether this is the 'age of the age' or the 'ages of the ages'
 * Chapter XXII: That He alone is what He is and who He is
 * Chapter XXIII: That this good is equally Father and Son and Holy Spirit, and that this is the one necessary being which is altogether and wholly and solely good
 * Chapter XXIV: A speculation as to what kind and how great this good is
 * Chapter XXV: Which goods belong to those who enjoy this good and how great they are
 * Chapter XXVI: Whether this is the 'fullness of joy' which the Lord promises

Translations
There are different translations of the Proslogion.

Chapter I
Excerpt:

Editions

 * "Proslogion" (in English), St. Anselm: Basic Writings, edited and translated by S. N. Deane. 1962. Chicago: Open Court. ISBN 0-87548-109-4.
 * "Anselmus Cantuariensis Proslogion" (in Latin). The Latin Library. Retrieved July 25, 2006.

title: Proslogion


text:
Talk:Robert Paul Wolff

Individualist anarchist
Could someone provide a citation which establishes Wolff as part of the individualist tradition? I have yet to read his work so I cannot do it myself (Assuming his work is "individualist"). In a blog post titled, "The Thought of Karl Marx Part Fourteen", he calls himself a Marxist:

"The simple truth, as true now as it was when Marx first advanced it, is that capitalism rests upon exploitation. That is why, on this blog and elsewhere, I call myself a Marxist."

Taking into account the above, along with the fact that his book is titled "In Defense of Anarchism", I'd be inclined to label him a libertarian socialist/Social Anarchist and/or libertarian Marxist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Univearth (talk • contribs) 21:10, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

Edit: My mistake, I should have read the article better. Nevertheless, I think his self-ascribed Marxism should be taken into consideration. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Univearth (talk • contribs) 21:17, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

Self-describes as atheist on his twitter.
Should we add? Also prominent as a Kant lecturer. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.168.2.29 (talk) 07:25, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert Paul Wolff


text:
User talk:Jdm1990

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia , I hope you will like it here and decide to stay.

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Also: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~~~~. This will automatically add your username and the time after your comments. Signing with three tildes ~~~ will just sign your username. I hope to see you around Wikipedia! If you have any questions, feel free to contact me on my talk page!

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03:46, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jdm1990


text:
Joanna Barnes

Joanna Barnes  (November 15, 1934 – April 29, 2022) was an American actress and writer.

Early life and education
Barnes was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the eldest daughter of John Pindar Barnes and Alice Weston Mutch. She had two younger sisters, Alice and Judith, with whom she grew up in the suburb of Hingham. Joanna Barnes attended Milton Academy and then Smith College, from which she graduated in 1956 as a member of Phi Beta Kappa. She majored in English. Barnes received the college's award for poetry, the immediate successor to Sylvia Plath for this recognition. Her research for a magazine article about making movies led to a career change to acting.

Television
Barnes' initial appearance on television was in the episode "The Man Who Beat Lupo" on Ford Theatre. She made guest appearances on many television series, including the ABC/Warner Bros. programs 77 Sunset Strip and Maverick, CBS's Have Gun - Will Travel, What's My Line (11/28/1965), and the crime drama Richard Diamond, Private Detective. In 1960–61, she guest-starred on The Untouchables episode "90 Proof Dame" as the wife of a French exporter of brandy.

Barnes appeared as Kate Henniger, with Bing Russell and Arthur Space in the 1958 episode "Ghost Town" of the ABC/WB Western series Colt .45, starring Wayde Preston. In 1959, she portrayed Lola in the NBC detective series 21 Beacon Street.

In the 1960s, Barnes worked for producer Martin Ransohoff and appeared in episodes of his The Beverly Hillbillies ("Elly Goes to School" and "The Clampett Look") and was billed as special guest-star. Barnes played Peter Falk's former wife on the 1965–1966 CBS series The Trials of O'Brien and was host of the ABC daytime talk show Dateline: Hollywood in 1967.

She appeared as Barbara Soames, a beautiful heiress turned hit woman involved in the murder of a Chicago mobster in season 4, episode 22 of Hawaii 5-0, Didn’t We Meet at a Murder?

She was also a frequent panellist in the early years of the syndicated version of What's My Line?. On December 19, 1972, Barnes appeared on The Merv Griffin Show with Joan Fontaine, Zsa Zsa Gabor and Dan Martino (founder of the Dan Martino School for Men).

Film
Barnes moved to Los Angeles soon after finishing her education, and took up a contract with Columbia Pictures. She went on to have roles in more than 20 films. Among her most remembered roles is the snooty Gloria Upson in the film Auntie Mame (1958), which earned her a Golden Globe Award nomination for New Star of the Year. Barnes became the 13th actress to play Jane when she appeared in Tarzan, the Ape Man (1959), with Denny Miller as Tarzan. She played the younger of the two Roman women who visited Peter Ustinov's gladiator school and thoughtlessly provoked a slave rebellion 1960's Spartacus. In Disney's original 1961 version of The Parent Trap starring Hayley Mills, Barnes played gold-digger Vicki Robinson, who temporarily comes between Maureen O'Hara and Brian Keith. In the 1998 remake starring Lindsay Lohan, she played Vicki Blake, the mother of the child-hating gold-digger and fiancée Meredith Blake (Elaine Hendrix). In 1967, she appeared in The War Wagon, a Western movie starring John Wayne and Kirk Douglas.

Writing
Barnes was also a writer and columnist. In 1973, she told newspaper columnist Dick Kleiner that she liked writing because "it is something you do yourself. With acting, if you win an Oscar or an Emmy, you have to thank everybody. If you write a book, it is completely your own."

She wrote a book, Starting from Scratch, about home decorating and several novels, including The Deceivers (1970), Who Is Carla Hart? (1973), Pastora (1980), and Silverwood (1985). She wrote a weekly book review for the Los Angeles Times, and her column "Touching Home" was carried by The Chicago Tribune and the New York News Syndicate.

Death
Barnes died at her home in Sea Ranch, California, on April 29, 2022, aged 87. (Some sources erroneously gave her age at death as 89, although the 1940 U.S. census gives her age as of May 9, 1940 as 5 years.) She was survived by her step children and sisters.

title: Joanna Barnes


text:
Talk:Lewis Gordon

Untitled
I've begun the rather large task of trying to bridle all the information given in the article into a presentable format, but it appears to be a very rambling summary of Gordon's thought, which I wouldn't be surprised if it was written by Gordon himself or a close friend or student. Anyway, it still needs a lot of work. A.G. Pinkwater 23:29, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

Whether this wikipedia article was written by Gordon or someone close to him, by itself, is not an issue, is it? As long as it respects the principles of neutrality. But I agree that adding a section on criticisms on Gordon's work would be very relevant. In my opinion a even more primary concern in the current version of the article is that it has almost no citations! We can't even check if Gordon indeed said all the things the article claims he said! -- TT, 27 February 2012
 * I agree. Further references would be a great addition.  CCS81 (talk) 21:21, 27 February 2012 (UTC)

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