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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Villein FM

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 21:25, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Villein FM
non-notable website/promotional in nature Stbalbach 15:42, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. It's run by students at a school: "The Treacherous Trio, Jonathan, Alex and Andrew. We rule!" and "Thanks to Mr McCoy, our history teacher" - Stbalbach 15:42, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. A great homework assignment, but wikipedia is not for high-school homework assignments. linas 23:47, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom --Rogerd 12:09, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The article is not the assignment - the website is. And if Wikipedia is supposed to be the "sum of all human knowledge", and some humans know that there is a website called Villein FM, then I don't see why Villein FM shouldn't stay.--Codenamecuckoo 18:16, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Devipatan division

Devipatan division is one of the 18 administrative geographical units (i.e. division) of the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Currently, the division consists of 4 districts, of which Gonda city is the divisional headquarters:-
 * Gonda
 * Bahraich
 * Shravasti
 * Balrampur

History
Devipatan division was established on 21 November 1997.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Devipatan division


text: User talk:83.88.253.183

title: User talk:83.88.253.183


text: File:LaliPuna-Tridecoder.jpg

title: File:LaliPuna-Tridecoder.jpg


text:
Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland

The Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution Act 1992 (previously bill no. 25 of 1992) is an amendment to the Constitution of Ireland which specified that the protection of the right to life of the unborn does not limit freedom of travel in and out of the state. It was one of three referendums on abortion held on 25 November 1992. It was approved and signed into law on 23 December of the same year.

On 25 May 2018, a referendum was passed to replace the current provisions on the right to life of the unborn, on travel and on information with a clause allowing legislation on the termination of pregnancy.

Background
The Eighth Amendment in 1983 had added a subsection to the Constitution acknowledging the right of the life of the unborn. In Attorney General v. X, commonly known as the X Case, the Attorney General had secured an injunction in the High Court preventing a 14-year-old girl who had become pregnant from rape from obtaining an abortion. While the Supreme Court reversed this injunction in March 1992, on the grounds that there was a risk to her life from suicide, they held that it would otherwise have been lawful. This amendment addressed this, so that the constitutional protection of unborn life could not restrict the freedom to travel.

It was one of three amendments put to referendums on 25 November 1992, the same day as a general election. The Twelfth Amendment Bill, which would have held that the possibility of suicide was not a sufficient threat to justify an abortion, was rejected; the Fourteenth Amendment, that the right to life of the unborn would not limit the freedom to obtain information about services outside the state, was approved.

Changes to the text
Insertion of a new paragraph in Article 40.3.3°:

The subsection relating to abortion had originally been added by the Eighth Amendment in 1983. With the approval of the Thirteenth Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment, the full text of Article 40.3.3° read as the follows:

Oireachtas debates
A previous amendment to the constitution had been proposed in a private member's bill by Labour Party TD Brendan Howlin on 12 May 1992. This proposed to insert the following subsection after Article 40.3.3°:

This was defeated at Second Stage the following day by 62 votes to 67.

The Thirteenth Amendment was proposed in the Dáil by Minister for Justice Pádraig Flynn on 21 October 1992. It was passed in the Dáil on 22 October and in the Seanad on 30 October. It proceeded to a referendum on 25 November.

Deletion
On 25 May 2018, the Thirty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution was passed by referendum. It was enacted on 18 September 2018, replacing the previous text of Article 40.3.3° with:


text:
Talk:Devipatan division

Name of Division
Why is the division called Devipatan when none of the districts has that name? Caeruleancentaur (talk) 20:27, 22 October 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Devipatan division


text:
The Eight Doctors

The Eight Doctors is a BBC Books original novel written by Terrance Dicks and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It was the first of the Eighth Doctor Adventures range and features the Eighth Doctor and introduces his new companion, Sam Jones. The novel takes place immediately after the 1996 television movie.

Plot
Immediately after the events of the TV film, the Eighth Doctor finishes reading The Time Machine (a book written by his old friend H. G. Wells). After checking the Eye of Harmony in his TARDIS, he falls prey to a final trap set by his old enemy, the Master; which erases all of his memory. The only fact he knows for certain is that his name is "the Doctor" – but Doctor who? His instincts tell him to "trust the TARDIS", which immediately lands.

He lands at a scrapyard at 76 Totters Lane, London in 1997. There, he encounters Sam Jones, a young lady that is being accused by local drug dealers, led by Baz Bailey, of "grassing" them over to the police. The dealers intend to force Sam into taking drugs to get her addicted, but the Doctor saves her and falls foul of the local police who promptly charge him with possession and selling the cocaine he has confiscated from the thugs. Sam tells her two teachers, who have noticed her lateness, and takes them back to the junkyard to verify the story. In the confusion of Bailey's desperate attack on the local police station, the Doctor escapes and runs back into the TARDIS and it dematerialises – taking the cocaine with him to dispose of it safely. This leaves Sam alone, defenceless against the knife-wielding druggies.

The TARDIS lands in the year 100,000 BC, and he meets his first incarnation in the jungle and they psychically link (giving the Eighth Doctor his memories up to that point in his life). The Eighth Doctor stops his other self from killing a caveman who was slowing their party down. The First Doctor explains that he must get away before the "time bubble" his Eighth self is in bursts and starts to damage the timeline. The Eighth Doctor then leaves.

The TARDIS then lands during the events of The War Games, where he helps his second incarnation, Jamie McCrimmon and Zoe Heriot with their important mission to contact the Time Lords. Having regained his second life's memories, he leaves happily.

He next meets the Third Doctor, who himself has just fought the Master and the Sea Devils; and has saved humanity by blowing up a Sea Devil base. He, blaming his Eighth self for his exile to Earth and for the Master's concurrent escape, threatens him with the Master's Tissue Compression Eliminator. But he tosses the weapon to him instead. The Master has again escaped to fight another day, and the Eighth Doctor leaves.

Having landed during the events of State of Decay, the Eighth Doctor gives the Fourth Doctor an emergency blood transfusion after his younger self is attacked and nearly fatally drained by another group of vampires, and leaves with yet more memories (to the astonishment of companion Romana).

Meanwhile, back on Gallifrey, Lady President Flavia has noticed the Doctor crossing his timelines and demands that he be carefully watched. A Time Lord called Ryoth demands the Doctor be executed: the resulting paradoxes could be irreversible. Flavia denies this. Ryoth alerts the Celestial Intervention Agency to the situation, and the Agency give him access to the fabled Timescoop technology, perfectly preserved since the Death Zone incident. He uses it to send a Raston Warrior Robot to the Fifth Doctor and his companions, Tegan Jovanka and Vislor Turlough. Luckily, the Eighth Doctor then arrives at the aftermath of "The Five Doctors", where he saves his fifth incarnation and his companions from the Raston Warrior Robot and a passing platoon of Sontarans by tricking the two into fighting each other. The Doctors create a feedback system, so when Ryoth sends a Drashig to kill them, it instead materialises in the same room as Ryoth and eats him and the Timescoop. It is then caught and transmatted to the Death Zone by guards in the Capitol in the hopes that it will take care of the other horrors there.

Soon he arrives in the middle of his second trial by the Time Lords; which his Sixth self seems to be losing (especially as the insidious Valeyard has just accused him of a mass genocide attack against the Vervoids). After giving him advice and encouragement- as well as helping to begin an investigation into his past self's trial on Gallifrey-, he leaves, his memories almost completely intact.

He finally arrives on the planet Metebelis Three, where the alone and depressed Seventh Doctor is trapped by a giant spider. After rescuing his former self (by killing the arachnid with the TCE), he remembers leaving Sam, and immediately dashes back into the TARDIS to her rescue.

Once saved by the Doctor, Sam decides to join him on his travels.

Continuity
Terrance Dicks wrote this book not only to begin this ongoing book series, but also as an attempt to rectify the various continuity problems that had emerged from the 1996 film.

This story appears to contradict some of the continuity set in place by the Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures, such as the freedom of Borusa from Rassilon's imprisonment (Borusa having been freed in Blood Harvest, itself written by Dicks), the identity of the President of Gallifrey (Flavia in this novel), and Romana in the subjectively later Virgin New Adventures, and the circumstances (albeit described only in brief) of the First Doctor's departure from Gallifrey. The BBC novels were not initially intended to be part of the same continuity as the earlier Virgins, although BBC novelists restored some continuity between the two ranges, for example by reinstating Romana as president in The Shadows of Avalon. Some issues at least may be explained away by assuming that, from the point of view of the Time Lords, the Eighth Doctor's role in The Eight Doctors actually occurs prior to the seventh Doctor's role in Blood Harvest. However, throughout the range certain contradictory elements still exist.

When Sam tells the Doctor that her surname is Jones, and the Doctor tells her that his is "Smith", she says that they were made for each other. It also foreshadows the revelations that would eventually be made about Sam's origins. A similar pun shows up in the title of the 2007 series episode "Smith and Jones", with the Tenth Doctor and new companion Martha Jones. Martha also uses the alias of "Sam Jones" in the spin-off series Torchwood.

The story has an inconsistency to Tegan knowing her Doctors as she mistakenly believed the Eighth Doctor to be the Fourth even though she had met the Fourth Doctor in Logopolis when he regenerated into the Fifth Doctor.

Reviews

 * Zealot Script's review on The Eight Doctors
 * Zealot Script's review on The Eight Doctors

title: The Eight Doctors


text:
Hungarian Civil Liberties Union

The Hungarian Civil Liberties Union (HCLU, Hungarian: Társaság a Szabadságjogokért, abbreviated TASZ) is a human rights NGO. Since its foundation in 1994, it has been working for everybody being informed about their fundamental human rights and empowered to enforce it against the undue interference by those in position of public power. HCLU monitors legislation, pursues strategic litigation, provides free legal aid assistance in more than 2500 cases per year, provides trainings and launches awareness raising media campaigns in order to mobilize the public. It stands by citizens unable to defend themselves, assisting them in protecting their basic rights. It is present at courts, national and international conferences, universities, in the capital and at the countryside.

Projects
The ‘Equality Project’ of HCLU works against state-level discrimination of the most vulnerable groups within society, as well as to create equal opportunities for these groups. There are two groups that are the main focuses of this project: the Roma people living in extreme poverty who are typically subjected to segregated conditions; and people living with disabilities, who are often isolated in their living conditions, and are being denied the right to make decisions regarding their own lives even when they are adults. HCLU also adheres to the equal rights of other vulnerable groups, especially homeless people, refugees, members of the LGBTQI community. Nevertheless, primarily its partner organisations handle the protection of the rights of these latter groups of society.

The main objectives of the ‘Privacy Project’ are to ensure that state intervention into the private life of citizens is only to the extent that is absolutely necessary; and to ensure that the state offers relevant services that are required for citizens to exercise their fundamental human rights (such as health care, public education or social services) at an adequate level. It pays particular attention to the effectiveness of the right to free choice related to decisions on healthcare (e.g. abortion); to the rights of patients, including the right to access to safe and efficient medical care; to the implementation of freedom of belief, in particular to education; to state-level drug policy; and to the protection of personal data.

The ‘Political Freedoms Project’ works to ensure that citizens can form their opinion on public affairs, have a say about the shaping of these without unconstitutional restrictions, and express their opinion about the operation of the state. It gives particular consideration to the freedom of expression and the freedom of press; the right of assembly; the transparent functioning of the state and the freedom of information facilitating it; as well as the exercise of participatory rights, in particular the exercise of electoral rights.

Funding
It does not accept any funding by the Hungarian state nor any donation from political parties. Its revenues are from private individuals, companies and private foundations.

Members
HCLU is led by Executive Director Stefánia Kapronczay and Director of Programs Máté Dániel Szabó. They share the responsibility of strategy-making and overseeing the legal and policy work of the HCLU's programs. HCLU's daily operations are run by a staff of about 40: heads of project, project officers, communications personnel, a video advocacy team, attorneys, administrative staff, fundraising staff. The organization also has a strong and active volunteer base with close to 100 members. The directors are appointed by a five-member Board. Members of the Board are elected by the General Assembly of the HCLU association. The association also has a three-member Surpervisory Board which oversees the legality of HCLU operations.

Partners and memberships
HCLU's many partners include domestic and foreign individuals and institutions, as well as international organizations.

HCLU is member to two international groups of civil liberties organizations, the International Network of Civil Liberties Organizations (INCLO) and the Civil Liberties Union of Europe (Liberties). Beside these, HCLU is partnering with many organizations, including local groups of activists and a national foundation of community organizers.

title: Hungarian Civil Liberties Union


text:
Sodium oxalate

Sodium oxalate, or disodium oxalate, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Na2C2O4. It is the sodium salt of oxalic acid. It contains sodium cations Na+ and oxalate anions C2O4(2−). It is a white, crystalline, odorless solid, that decomposes above 290 °C.

Sodium oxalate can act as a reducing agent, and it may be used as a primary standard for standardizing potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solutions.

The mineral form of sodium oxalate is natroxalate. It is only very rarely found and restricted to extremely sodic conditions of ultra-alkaline pegmatites.

Preparation
Sodium oxalate can be prepared through the neutralization of oxalic acid with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in a 1:2 acid-to-base molar ratio. Evaporation yields the anhydrous oxalate that can be thoroughly dried by heating to between 200 and 250 °C.

Half-neutralization can be accomplished with NaOH in a 1:1 ratio which produces NaHC2O4, monobasic sodium oxalate or sodium hydrogenoxalate.

Alternatively, it can be produced by decomposing sodium formate by heating it at a temperature exceeding 360 °C.

Reactions
Sodium oxalate starts to decompose above 290 °C into sodium carbonate and carbon monoxide:

 * Na2C2O4 → Na2CO3 + CO

When heated at between 200 and 525°C with vanadium pentoxide in a 1:2 molar ratio, the above reaction is suppressed, yielding instead a sodium vanadium oxibronze with release of carbon dioxide

 * x Na2C2O4 + 2 V2O5 → 2 Na_{x}V2O5 + 2x CO2

with x increasing up to 1 as the temperature increases.

Sodium oxalate is used to standardize potassium permanganate solutions. It is desirable that the temperature of the titration mixture be greater than 60 °C to ensure that all the permanganate added reacts quickly. The kinetics of the reaction are complex, and the manganese(II) ions (Mn(2+)) formed catalyze the further reaction between permanganate and oxalic acid (formed in situ by the addition of excess sulfuric acid). The final equation is as follows:

 * 5 Na2C2O4 + 2 KMnO4 + 8 H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 5 Na2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 10 CO2 + 8 H2O

Biological activity
Like several other oxalates, sodium oxalate is toxic to humans. It can cause burning pain in the mouth, throat and stomach, bloody vomiting, headache, muscle cramps, cramps and convulsions, drop in blood pressure, heart failure, shock, coma, and possible death. Mean lethal dose by ingestion of oxalates is 10-15 grams/kilogram of body weight (per MSDS).

Sodium oxalate, like citrates, can also be used to remove calcium ions (Ca(2+)) from blood plasma. It also prevents blood from clotting. Note that by removing calcium ions from the blood, sodium oxalate can impair brain function, and deposit calcium oxalate in the kidneys.

title: Sodium oxalate


text:
Hull Stingrays

Hull Stingrays were a British ice hockey club from Kingston upon Hull who was a member of the Elite Ice Hockey League from 2003 until 2015. They played their home games at Hull Arena.

The Stingrays replaced previous clubs Humberside Seahawks (1988–1999) and Hull Thunder (1999–2003). On 10 August 2010, owners Mike & Sue Pack announced that the club was ceasing operations due to a lack of funds to complete the 2010–11 season, but a takeover by Elite League rivals Coventry Blaze was confirmed on 17 August 2010, enabling the team to take its place in the Elite League for the 2010–11 season. At the end of the 2011–12 season Coventry Blaze announced their intention to sell the Stingrays. The Coventry-based ownership accepted an offer from Stingrays' bench coach Bobby McEwan in May 2012. On 24 June 2015, the club announced on its official website that it has been placed into liquidation.

Predecessors
The city has a long history of ice hockey, with the Seahawks, later named Hawks operating between 1988 and 1999, and were succeeded by the Thunder until 2003.

Rebirth
The Stingrays were formed in 2003 replacing the Hull Thunder as members of the British National League. The new owners, Mike and Sue Pack along with Rick Strachan, who served as head coach through the end of the 2008–09 season, came with a promise of financial stability.

The initial challenge for the club was to re-establish the belief that the Hull Arena could host a team playing professional hockey at all, following a previous history of failed attempts, some valiant and some best forgotten.

Unfortunately the damage to the sport's credibility in the city was a burden that was not easily shaken off and some of the fans stayed away waiting for what they thought was the inevitable to happen. But the ownership were true to their word and a season was completed without any of the previous crises that had become common place. Stability was established and although success on the ice proved more elusive, as Rick Strachan said at the time "The bus is moving in the right direction."

The team had very much an Eastern European feel to it and was captained by local idol, Stephen Johnson, tempted back from a threatened retirement for one last season. Alongside him the Ukrainian contingent included a guy who made a huge impact for his never say die attitude and innovative use of the six words of English that he had mastered, fans favourite Evgeny Alipov – 'Big Al'.

So the foundation was in place and with the first objective of stability secured and confidence building, the club entered the next season in the BNL keen to apply the lessons learnt and to start to climb the ratings.

2004/2005
Although still very much having to keep a close eye on the purse strings, the squad had a much stronger feel to it when the first puck dropped on the 2004–05 campaign.

Coach Strachan brought in Scott Wray, Jeff Glowa, Craig Minard and Ladislav Kudrna in nets to join Alipov, Nikolaev, Burgess, Gomenyuk as his eight import contingent and with a strong British content including Slava Koulikov, and the Phillips brothers, hopes were high.

A 'top four finish' was predicted by the coach but this turned out not to be ambitious enough. Stingrays were overtaken for second place in the last fortnight by Guildford and Newcastle, the team made the Winter Cup semi-finals and gained a play-off place.

Amazingly it could have been even better had star defenceman Minard decided not to quit the club in November leaving a young British defence to be marshalled by Gomenyuk. Another blow followed when free-scoring Scott Wray had to return home for personal reasons. Not surprisingly the replacements proved not to be as effective and the team's form suffered.

That season was memorable for the 'crossover' competition that pitched the British National League teams against their bigger spending, import heavy neighbours in the Elite League. Widely expected to provide one sided games, the reality was a little different and most of the games provided sporting contests worthy of the name.

Although the Stingrays had to endure a couple of bad losses during this competition they also achieved memorable victories over Coventry, London and Sheffield at home, and also took the points off Cardiff on the road. Goalie Kudrna was often the hero and his performances gained him a place, with Gomenyuk on the BNL All-star team.

The crossover competition was planned to be a potential precursor to a closer relationship between the two leagues but, in fact, the reality was far from that – 2004–05 season proved to be the last for the British National League.

Following the culmination of the season; Edinburgh Capitals and Newcastle Vipers decided to resign from the BNL in order to join the premier EIHL. As this would leave the BNL with only five teams; and thus with little option but to fold, the Capitals and Vipers temporarily withdrew their applications so as to allow the remaining BNL teams to apply for EIHL status. However, terms could not be agreed between the EIHL and the remaining five BNL teams; leading the Capitals and Vipers to resubmit their original applications and join the EIHL; which ultimately resulted in the closure of the BNL. This led the Stingrays, along with fellow former BNL members Bracknell Bees and Guildford Flames, to move to the English Premier Ice Hockey League.

2005/2006 – The EPL
The Stingrays embarked on what was the only viable option and a team was put together which we thought could be effective in that league. But with the work permit regulations ruling out re-engaging any of the Ukrainian core of the previous team, the recruitment was going to be key. The season proved to be a tough one and although the club gained a cup-final spot after a memorable 16 shot penalty shoot out victory over the Guildford Flames the club failed to pick up the silverware after being edged out by Bracknell.

A young British contingent struggled against some of the more experienced and mature squads and the mid-table slot felt an under achievement following the previous years progress.

2006/2007 – The EIHL
The Packs were unhappy playing their team in the Premier League. Travelling costs were significant for the predominantly south-east based league and spectator numbers fell. After the end of the 2005–06 season, the Stingrays sought admission into the Elite Ice Hockey League. Their application was finally approved after weeks of speculation on 22 June 2006. Hull now have a representative in the top-flight division of British Ice Hockey for the first time since the Humberside Hawks played in the Premier Division of the British Hockey League in the 1995–96 season. In the first four years of its life, the club was in the unique position of competing in all three of the country's senior leagues and it is a major achievement that Hull hockey has moved on and can now provide the supporter with a view of the best Ice Hockey teams and the best players in the land.

The Stingrays had a tough start to their life in the EIHL as they fought to the death for a playoff place, eventually finishing 9th as their decision to opt with a mix of their old Eastern European style with several Canadians ultimately did not pay off.

In 2007 Lifetime Sports Ltd, the Hull Stingrays parent company, established itself as a Community Interest Company. This means that it is a non-profit making organisation dedicated to providing services and facilities to the community in which it operates, that being, Hull, Humberside and the East Riding.

2007/2008
For the 2007–08 season Rick Strachan once again decided to change his signing policy, this time ditching the Eastern European, and predominantly Ukrainian approach, by signing North Americans such as Bryce Thoma, Paul Cabana, Rob Rankin, Brad Patterson, Jake Riddle and Garry Luini. Once again the Stingrays failed to make a consistent impact on the league as they finished in 10th, and last place, 5 points behind 9th placed Basingstoke Bison.

2008/2009
The Stingrays once again finished outside the playoffs in 2008–09, missing out on the post season by seven points, for the third year in a row. At the end of the season, Stingrays coach, Rick Strachan, was asked to step down. Stingrays co-owners Sue and Mike Pack cited financial reasons for the departure of Strachan, who was eventually replaced by Sylvain Cloutier on 9 April 2009. Rick Strachan remains a director of the club. Cloutier is backed up by former teammate Curtis Huppe as Assistant Coach, and both will continue playing.

2009/2010
The Stingrays finished 8th in the 2009–10 Elite League season, gaining 43 points from 56 games, finishing only 3 points behind the 7th place Newcastle Vipers. This is the highest tally for points the team has gained since becoming the Stingrays in 2003, beating the previous record of 39. The team also achieved in excess of .500 hockey in the period from Christmas to the end of the season, the first time it had done so over a sustained period.

2010/2011
Shortly before the 2010–11 EIHL season was about to begin, club owners Mike and Sue Pack announced the team was to no longer operate due to financial issues. However, on 17 August 2010, only six days after the closure of the club was confirmed, a takeover by Elite League rivals Coventry Blaze was confirmed, enabling the team to take its place in the Elite League for the 2010–11 season.

Despite their financial difficulties and a late start to the 2010–11 season (which resulted in the team having to play an unenviable 10 games in 20 days towards the end of the season) Stingrays managed a respectable 7th-place finish in the Elite League. They beat every team in the league except for the Cardiff Devils at least once, including a spectacular 6–1 victory over the Nottingham Panthers in the final game of the regular season. In the playoff quarter-finals Stingrays were defeated by the Devils 8–4 on aggregate.

2011/2012
The 2011–12 pre-season has seen the Stingrays get off to a promising start, beginning with a home victory and an away draw against owners Coventry Blaze, a draw with English Premier League side Sheffield Steeldogs and impressive victories over Dutch sides Geleen Eaters and Tilburg Trappers in the P&O Ferries Cup which saw them crowned champions. Just after Christmas, star forward, Jereme Tendler was suspended by the EIHL and UKDA after failing a drugs test following a game in Coventry. Tendler disputes the claim and is appealing however could be facing a two-year ban if convicted.

Records

 * Best Regular Season Finish: 7th out of 10 (2010–11, 2011–12, 2014–15)
 * Best EIHL Playoff Finish: Semi-finals (2011–12), 4th Place/semi-finals (2014–15)
 * Most Points In A Regular Season: 52 (2013–14)
 * Most Wins/Best Record: 24–24–4 (2013–14)
 * Best Gardiner Conference Position: 2nd out of 5 (2013–14)
 * Highest Challenge Cup Finish: Quarter-finals (2012–13)
 * Most Goals In A Regular Season: 178 over 54 games – 3.29 G/GP (2010–11)
 * Fewest Goals Allowed Regular Season: 174 over 54 games – 3.22 GAA (2006–07)

Current roster
2013–14 EIHL season

 * * Denotes two-way contract with Hull Stingrays NIHL – previously known as Kingston Jets

Honours and achievements

 * As Hull Stingrays.

 * Elite Ice Hockey League
 * Playoffs (4): 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12 (semi-final) & 2013–2014, 2014 - 2015 (semi-final)
 * P&O Ferries Cup
 * Champions: 2011
 * English Premier Cup
 * Runners-up (1): 2005–06

Honours achieved under previous names.

 * English League
 * Champions (1): 1988–89
 * British Division One
 * Champions (1): 1991
 * British Championship
 * Runners-up (1): 1993
 * Autumn Cup
 * Runners-up (1): 1991

Owners

 * Mike Pack and Sue Pack (2003–2010)
 * Andy Buxton, Mike Cowley, Paul Thompson and James Pease (2010–2012)
 * Bobby McEwan (2012–2015)

List of Hull Stingrays head coaches

 * Rick Strachan (2003–2009)
 * Sylvain Cloutier (2009–2014)
 * Omar Pacha (2014–2015)

Retired numbers

 * No. 10 – Stephen Johnson

title: Hull Stingrays


text:
Talk:Eleanor Clift

Newsweek
No mention of the magazine she contributed to for 50 years? Newsweek? Seems strange as that work was the bulk of her career. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:bQFrqqvyCIQJ:www.newsweek.com/2013/09/27/magazine-was-eleanor-clift-her-50-years-newsweek-238004.html+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk — Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.72.153.178 (talk) 13:45, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

Untitled
I changed a few things.

Originally, her views were referred to as "liberally biased." Huh? She's a liberal commentator. That's like saying The Nation is liberally biased.

Also: I'm inclined to give lots of leeway when it comes to people finding comments "controversial," but I simply cannot imagine the "controversy" referred to from those two little quotes. If you'd like to name a few sources who decry their outrageousness, do so, by all means. But their controversial nature is not self-evident. -207.237.246.109 15:48, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Listen,ehm...I *know* fur sure that mrs. clift's name used to be Eleanor Irene Roeloffs and that she is of german descent because I just discovered that I am related to her...btw I am a German myself. You can check it in "Von der Seefahrt zur Landwirtschaft" by Brar C. Roeloffs, although you might find it difficult to get such a book^^

Fair use rationale for Image:Eleanor Clift.jpg
Image:Eleanor Clift.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 20:41, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Tom Brazaitis
The link to her second husband simply redirects back to Eleanor's page. There needs to be a page about him, or at least some information as to his age at death, as well as his accomplishments (if any), besides being Clift's second husband. I believe he was, like her, an active liberal, though I don't recall what specific causes he was involved with. 64.85.229.248 (talk) 07:56, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

hooover insititue fellow?
A search of the Hoover Institution webpage did not come up with Clift. --S. Rich (talk) 22:00, 27 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Found reference and did appropriate edit.--S. Rich (talk) 22:17, 27 October 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Eleanor Clift


text: User talk:70.27.31.26

title: User talk:70.27.31.26


text: Talk:Chitrakoot division

title: Talk:Chitrakoot division


text:
Treasure binding

A treasure binding or jewelled bookbinding is a luxurious book cover using metalwork in gold or silver, jewels, or ivory, perhaps in addition to more usual bookbinding material for book covers such as leather, velvet, or other cloth. The actual bookbinding technique is the same as for other medieval books, with the folios, normally of vellum, stitched together and bound to wooden cover boards. The metal furnishings of the treasure binding are then fixed, normally by tacks, onto these boards. Treasure bindings appear to have existed from at least Late Antiquity, though there are no surviving examples from so early, and Early Medieval examples are very rare. They were less used by the end of the Middle Ages, but a few continued to be produced in the West even up to the present day, and many more in areas where Eastern Orthodoxy predominated. The bindings were mainly used on grand illuminated manuscripts, especially gospel books designed for the altar and use in church services, rather than study in the library.

The vast majority of these bookbindings were later destroyed as their valuable gold and jewels were removed by looters, or the owners when in need of cash. Others survive without their jewels, and many are either no longer attached to a book, or have been moved to a different book. Some survive in major libraries; for example, the Morgan Library in New York City, the John Rylands Library in Manchester, the British Library in London, the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich and the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. As the carved ivory reliefs often used could not usually be recycled, these survive in much larger numbers, giving a better idea of the numbers of treasure bindings that once existed. Other examples are recorded in documentary sources but though the books survive the covers do not. The Book of Kells lost its binding after a robbery, and the fate of the missing cover of the Book of Lindisfarne is not recorded.

In the Eastern Orthodox churches treasure bindings have continued to be produced, mainly for liturgical gospel books, up to the present day, and exist in many artistic styles. Other styles of binding using gems, and typically pearls, have a covering of velvet or other textile, to which the gems are sewn or otherwise fixed. These were more likely to be for the private books of a grand person, especially the prayer books and books of hours of female royalty, and may also include embroidery.

Technique and production
The techniques for producing jewelled bookbinding have evolved over the course of history with the technologies and methods used in creating books. During the 4th century of the Christian era, manuscripts on papyrus or vellum scrolls first became flattened and turned into books with cut pages tied together through holes punched in their margins. Beginning in the 5th century, books were sewn together in this manner using leather thongs to make the bind stronger and longer lasting with wooden boards placed on top and bottom to keep the pages flat. These thongs then came to be laced into the boards and covered entirely by leather.

Boards afforded the opportunity for decorative ornamentation, with metal casings set into the wood for the installation of precious gems, stones, and jewels. The cover material would then be laid over the casings by hand and cut around the rim of the casings to reveal the jewels. The books typically bound were gospels and other religious books made for use within the church. In the Middle Ages, the responsibility of creating adorned books went to metalworkers and guilders, not the bookbinders, who worked with sheets of gold, silver, or copper to create jewelled and enamelled panels that were nailed separately into the wooden boards.

Other forms
Metalwork book furniture also included metal clasps holding the book shut when not in use, and isolated metal elements decorating a leather or cloth cover, which were very common in grander libraries in the later Middle Ages. Decorative book clasps or straps were made with jewels or repoussé metal from the 12th century onward, particularly in Holland and Germany. In Scotland and Ireland from the 9th century or earlier, books that were regarded as relics of monastic leaders were enshrined in a decorated metal reliquary box called a cumdach, and thereafter were probably not used as books. These were even carried into battle as a kind of standard, worn around the neck by a soldier like a protective amulet. Jewelled slipcases or boxes were also used to house small editions of the Qur’an during this time period.

In fashion in the 16th century were "books of golde": small, devotional books adorned with jewelled or enamelled covers worn as a girdle or around the neck like pieces of jewellery by the English court. These pieces can be seen in portraits from the period and records of jewels from the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI.

History
Treasure bindings were a luxury affordable only by wealthy elites, and were commissioned by wealthy private collectors, churches and senior clergy and royalty, and were often commissioned for presentation by or to royal or noble persons. The earliest reference to them is in a letter of Saint Jerome of 384, where he "writes scornfully of the wealthy Christian women whose books are written in gold on purple vellum, and clothed with gems". From at least the 6th century they are seen in mosaics and other images, such as the 6th-century icon of Christ Pantocrator from Saint Catherine's Monastery and the famous mosaic of Justinian I in the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. The ivory panels often placed in the centre of covers were adapted from the style of consular diptychs, and indeed a large proportion of surviving examples of those were reused on book covers in the Middle Ages. Some bindings were created to contain relics of saints, and these large books were sometimes seen suspended from golden rods and carried in the public processions of Byzantine emperors. Especially in the Celtic Christianity of Ireland and Britain, relatively ordinary books that had belonged to monastic saints became treated as relics, and might be rebound with a treasure binding, or placed in a cumdach.

The gems and gold do not merely create an impression of richness, though that was certainly part of their purpose, but served both to offer a foretaste of the bejewelled nature of the Celestial city in religious contexts, and particular types of gem were believed to have actual powerful properties in various "scientific", medical and magical respects, as set out in the popular lapidary books. Several liturgical books given rich bindings can be shown by textual analysis to lack essential parts of the normal textual apparatus of a "working" version of their text, like the Book of Kells and the Codex Aureus of Echternach. They may have been used for readings at services, but in a monastery were essentially part of the furnishings of the church rather than the library; as records from the Abbey of Kells show, the book of Kells lived in the sacristry.

Byzantine and Western medieval treasure bindings are often not entirely unified in style. Apart from being completed at different times, and sometimes in different countries, elements were also removed and readapted for other volumes or reset with new pieces as time passed. For example, the covers now on the Lindau Gospels come from different parts of South Germany, with the lower or back cover created in the 8th century (earlier than the book they now adorn) while the upper or front cover was completed in the 9th century; both incorporate gilded metal ornamented with jewels. It is not known when they were first used on this manuscript.

Outside the monasteries, the emerging bookbinders' guilds of the Middle Ages were often restricted by law with quantitative limitations on the application of jewels. Though this did not significantly affect the craft of decorating books, it did mandate the number of jewels allowed depending on the position or rank of the commissioner of the work. Hardly any early medieval English treasure bindings survived the dissolution of the monasteries and the English Reformation, when ecclesiastical libraries in England were rounded up and treasure bindings removed under an act "to strip off and pay into the king's treasury all gold and silver found on Popish books of devotion." Comparable depredations were not as thorough in the Continental Protestant Reformation, but most bindings survive from Catholic areas that avoided later war and revolutions.

Despite the commoditisation of book production due to the printing press, the artistic tradition of jewelled bookbinding continued in England, though less frequently and often in simpler designs. Luxury bindings were still favoured by the English Court, which is evident from the records on the private library of Queen Elizabeth I, who favoured velvet bindings. On a visit to the Royal Library in 1598, Paul Hentzner remarked on the books "bound in velvet of different colours, though chiefly red, with clasps of gold and silver; some have pearls, and precious stones, set in their bindings." Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, the style evolved to be one using velvet, satin, silk, and canvas in bookbinding decorated less with jewels and more with embroidery, metal threads, pearls, and sequins.

Revival
After jewelled bookbinding enjoyed its renaissance, the practice waned until it experienced a revival near the turn of the 20th century in England. Highly influential in the revival of this style were Francis Sangorski and George Sutcliffe of the Sangorski & Sutcliffe bindery. Their bindings were not large uncut gems as in Mediaeval times, but semi-precious stones en cabochon set into beautifully designed bindings with multi-coloured leather inlays and elaborate gilt tooling. The craftsmanship of these bindings was unsurpassable; only their competitors Riviere produced work of similar quality. The most famous of these bindings is "The Great Omar" (1909) on a large copy of FitzGerald's Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, which included good tooling, inlays of coloured leather, and 1050 jewels in a peacock design scheme. It went down with the Titanic in 1912. Today, a third reproduction of this binding is the only one to survive, after the second one, reproduced to Sutcliffe's design by his nephew Stanley Bray, was damaged in the Blitz during World War II. Bray's second attempt at recreating the design, the third version that survives, was placed in the British Library in 1989.

Other binderies creating books in this style during this period were the companies of Rivière and Zaehnsdorf. The largest collection of these masterpieces was the Phoebe Boyle one; over 100 jewelled bindings were sold in 1923. Jewelled bindings occasionally appear at auction; literature on them is surprisingly scant given their superb quality.

In 1998, Rob Shepherd of Shepherds Bookbinders bought both Zaehnsdorf and Sangorski & Sutcliffe. Presently, binding with jewels is a rare practice, and binding companies both large and small are finding the art form becoming less viable in today's society. Bindings that exist today are housed in private collections or can be found in libraries and museums across the world.

title: Treasure binding


text:
Anthony Lowther (died 1741)

Anthony Lowther (aft. 1694 – 24 November 1741) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1721 to 1741.

Lowther was the third and youngest son of John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale and his wife Katherine Thynne, daughter of Sir Henry Frederick Thynne, 1st Baronet (ancestor of the Marquesses of Bath).

Reputed one of the handsomest men of his day, Lowther was first returned to Parliament for Cockermouth in a by-election on 21 July 1721 following the death of Lord Percy Seymour. This was arranged on the interest of the Lawsons of Isell. At the 1722 election, Sir Wilfrid Lawson took the Cockermouth seat himself, while Lowther was returned through his own family's interest for Westmorland.

In 1726 Lowther obtained a position as commissioner of the revenue for Ireland, which he resigned in 1734, apparently out of pique at not receiving any greater preferment. He was supposed to have had a hand in stoking the discontent of his elder brother, Viscount Lonsdale, which led the latter to resign as Lord Privy Seal in 1735. Lowther opposed the Convention of Pardo in 1739. He did not stand in the 1741 election in May and died that November, unmarried.

title: Anthony Lowther (died 1741)


text:
Charlene Spretnak

Charlene Spretnak (born January 30, 1946) is an American author who has written nine books on cultural history, social criticism (including feminism and Green politics), religion and spirituality, and art.

Biography
Spretnak was born in Pittsburgh and raised in Columbus, Ohio. She earned degrees from St. Louis University and the University of California, Berkeley. She is a professor emerita in philosophy and religion.

Throughout her life as a writer, speaker, and activist, she has been intrigued with dynamic interrelatedness, which plays a central role in each subject to which she has been drawn. She is particularly interested in 21st-century discoveries indicating that the physical world, including the human bodymind, is far more dynamically interrelated with nature and other people than modernity had assumed. Several of her books also proposed a "map of the terrain" of emergent social-change movements and an exploration of the issues involved. She has helped to create an eco-social frame of reference and vision in the areas of social criticism (including feminism and ecofeminism  ), cultural history, critique of technology,  and women's spirituality.

Since the mid-1980s, her books have examined the multiple crises of modernity and furthered the corrective efforts that are arising. Her book Green Politics (1984) was a major catalyst for the formation of the U.S. Green Party movement, which she cofounded in the months following its publication. Her essay A View from the Chute (2018) proposes a possible new approach in talking to climate-change deniers about climate-change action.

Awards and recognition
Her book The Resurgence of the Real was named by the Los Angeles Times as one of the Best Books of 1997. In 2006 Charlene Spretnak was named by the British government's Environment Department as one of the "100 Eco-Heroes of All Time." In 2012 she received the Demeter Award for lifetime achievement as "one of the premier visionary feminist thinkers of our time" from the Association for the Study of Women and Mythology.

Selected works

 * Lost Goddesses of Early Greece: A Collection of Pre-Hellenic Myths. Boston: Beacon Press (1978, 1981). ISBN 0-8070-1343-9
 * The Politics of Women's Spirituality: Essays by Founding Mothers of the Movement, Editor. New York: Anchor/Doubleday (1981). ISBN 0-385-17241-9
 * Green Politics: The Global Promise, with Fritjof Capra. New York: E. P. Dutton (1984). ISBN 0-525-24231-7
 * The Spiritual Dimension of Green Politics. Santa Fe: Bear & Co (1986). ISBN 0-939680-29-7
 * States of Grace: The Recovery of Meaning in the Postmodern Age. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco (1991). ISBN 0-06-250697-8
 * The Resurgence of the Real: Body, Nature, and Place in a Hypermodern World. New York: Routledge (1997). ISBN 0-415-92298-4
 * Missing Mary: The Queen of Heaven and Her Re-Emergence in the Modern Church. New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2004). ISBN 1-4039-7040-8
 * Relational Reality: New Discoveries of Interrelatedness That Are Transforming the Modern World. Topsham, ME: Green Horizon Books (2011). ISBN 0-615-46127-1
 * The Spiritual Dynamic in Modern Art: Art History Reconsidered, 1800 to the Present (2014) Palgrave Macmillan  ISBN 9781137350039

title: Charlene Spretnak


text:
Talk:Polish alphabet

q, v & x in loanwords
I think it should be stated that the replacement of these letters in loan words is true in only a few of them and generally used only (and still not always) in official sources. Some words are used with no replacement - like "xero" or "taxi" or "express". Especially "taxi" is important, as this is the only form used officially to distinguish taxis, while some unofficial con-artists write "taksi" on their unofficial cabs, yet if someone reads this article before coming to Warsaw of Cracow he might be coned by them! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.253.105.52 (talk) 12:31, 18 March 2011 (UTC)

Untitled
I'm not sure how this should be added, if at all, but Poles use first names when spelling aloud: A jak Adam, B jak Barbara, etc. (This doesn't count for most of the letters with diacritics, though: a z ogonkiem, n z kreską, z z kropką, etc.)

The problem is there doesn't seem to be any standard: "Teach Yourself Polish" (ISBN 0-340-87088-5) has "A jak Adam", while the only example I can find on the internet is this joke (http://www.lokozmin.itime.pl/index.php?id=humor):

Dzwoni telefon. Pies odbiera i mówi: - Hau! - Halo? - Hau! - Nic nie rozumiem. - Hau! - Proszę mówić wyraźniej! - H jak Henryk, A jak Agnieszka, U jak Urszula: Hau!!!

(The phone rings. The dog answers and says: "Woof!" "Hello?" "Woof!" "I don't understand" "Woof!" "Please speak clearly" "W for water, o for orange, o for orange, f for fish: Woof!")

Any ideas? -- Jim Regan 15:51, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Tere is not any standart. It's true: very ofte while spelling we use first names (this most popular). But you can use any other words (nouns). For letters with diacritics: "Ż jak Żaba (frog)", "Ć jak Ćma (moth)", "Ź jak Źrebak (colt)" "Ó jak Ósemka (the figure 8)" but it isn't any rule (simply there aren't many words beginning with this letters). Greetings from Poland. (wnaj@wp.pl)

 * I think this "J for John" expansion is not specific to Polish - i'd bet it's common in any language; and also the names are made-up on the spot, usually the first word that comes to one's mind. -- Jokes Free4Me 11:28, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Certainly it's not unheard of in English. Sir P. G. Wodehouse uses it all the time in his books; witness this example from Full Moon.

"I'll go and write that letter at once," he said. "The name is Lister?"

"William Lister," said Gally. "L for Laryngitis, I for Ipecacuanha, S for..."

But Lord Emsworth had gone.

 * Agur bar Jacé (talk) 17:18, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

The letters' equivalent values should be included
Seeing as how this is an English language article, the Polish letters should have a chart of comparisons, such as the Romanian Alphabet Tev 01:43, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

Changing the code for the wikitable
Would anyone object if i changed the 70 short lines of table code in the article to one of the compact versions below? And which would you prefer, as an editor? -- Jokes Free4Me 11:28, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

 * This is much better. However, I don't think the heading is necessary. I like the second line better than the third because of the alignment. Appleseed (Talk) 21:29, 26 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Jokes, I've implemented your proposed change. Perhaps you'd be interested in cleaning up the second table too? Appleseed (Talk) 21:35, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

Missing digraphs
I'm afraid there are missing digraphs in the list of the Polish alphabet. They are "dz", "dź" and "dż". Sample words with the digraphs: dzban, źdźbło (or palatalised: dziurkacz), dżem, dżdżownica.

Moreover "ch" is in Polish listed as it was related to "c", not to "h" in the dictionaries or listings (not like in Czech language), e.g. possible surname list in alphabetical order:

- Cap,

- Cep,

- Chanowski,

- Chlebowski,

- Cieszyński,

- Cwaliński,

- Cymbał,

- Czajkowski,

- Czapla.

Sorting
How the Polish sorting is done? Are ą, ć, ę, ł, ń, ś, ź and ż separate letters or are they sorted with non-diacritic versions of the same letters? --Mikko Paananen (talk) 20:32, 23 December 2009 (UTC)
 * They are treated as separate letters, coming in the alphabet after their diacritic-less equivalents (so ą between a and b, etc.) After z come ź and then ż.--Kotniski (talk) 20:56, 23 December 2009 (UTC)

bad example for ą
please consider changing the sound-example (nasal o as French bon) of the letter ą as it is in a foreign language and does not fit perfectly to be honest. a way better example is given by owl. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.203.142.146 (talk) 09:48, 29 July 2015 (UTC)

 * It is amazing: Haven't read this objection I just changed examples to French "bon" for ą and French "cinq" for ę as prefect phonetic representation: IPA symbol ɔ̃ for both ą and "bon" and IPA symbol ɛ̃ for both ę and cinq.. English word "owl" has very different phonetic representation aʊl. If anybody can provide English words including phonemes ɔ̃ or ɛ̃ it would be welcome. I could not find any so far in American English https://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~kjohnson/English_Phonetics/ JacekVR (talk) 19:07, 25 December 2022 (UTC)

Bad links to digraphs
There are multiple links to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_orthography#Digraphs which does not seem to exist. In particular there is nothing about si digraph anywhere in either this or the linked article. [ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Walworth (talk • contribs) 11:28, 31 October 2016 (UTC)

What is your name
What is your name 5.171.210.107 (talk) 16:23, 9 June 2022 (UTC)

Merge proposal
The following comment was left on another page, which was obviously in error. I have manually moved it here and have no comment on the subject. — Cyrius|✎ 16:51, 25 December 2022 (UTC)

This page is dedicated to discussion of the content of the page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_alphabet. Current problem with the above page is that it does not contain enough information on the subject and is missing references to external sources but contains redundant references to wikipedia pages. The maintenance template proposes to merge this page with https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_orthography. However, as Polish alphabet is the subject of interest and of the internet search which are different from Polish orthography, I recommend to complete the information on the page rather than to merge it with https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_orthography. — Preceding unsigned comment added by JacekVR (talk • contribs)

Rearrangement of the chapters
I would like to add 2 chapters: 1. Letters Frequency and 2. Alphabet History, both with referencing to external sources. I would also propose to remove the chapter Polish spelling alphabet as not relevant for English speaking readers and as not including all Polish letters. JacekVR (talk) 19:53, 25 December 2022 (UTC)

 * Came here to suggest a "History" section but you beat me to it. The article Polish language has some information on it. Nakonana (talk) 14:21, 8 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Polish alphabet


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/David Mertz/Archive

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 05:49, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

David Mertz
Not particularly notable. Created by, and the vanity page of, User:Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters, jguk 21:39, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * For the avoidance of doubt, if indeed there is some, whilst it is through looking at David's userpage that I became aware of this article, I do not think writing for IBM DeveloperWorks makes someone notable enough for a WP article. Just in the same way as I don't think someone writing a column for my local newspaper is notable enough for a WP article. That is why I think this page should be deleted, jguk 22:20, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete as vanity. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 22:04, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Lulu, there seems to be a fairly strong consensus that Wikipedians should avoid creating articles about themselves. Please see Autobiography. However, it does look like you are sufficiently notable; Keep. Samaritan 22:12, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity and self-promotion-- Doc Glasgow 22:19, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)withdrawn
 * Weak Keep.
 * Apparently User:Jguk has a vendetta against me because s/he disagrees with me on the proper Wikipedia policy regarding use of styles. S/he wishes to delete the page about  my non-Wikipedia activity/publication, by attaching the.
 * I apologize to Wikipedians for creating the page initially. I was not aware at the time that there was a policy against autobiography pages.  In the last couple days I have read this fact, along with VFD policy and other pages so tagged.
 * I did not write the original version of the page about me, but borrowed the (public domain) http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?DavidMertz. I added it because I had noticed several Wikipedia articles that referred to me before that time.  And while I am certainly no Dijkstra, my articles do show up in the first 2-3 hits in Google for several significant CS concepts (e.g. regular expressions, multiple dispatch, python iterators/generators).  Also, contra the "local newspaper" claim of Jguk, the articles I write for IBM developerWorks and other places have several hundred thousand readers, which is along the lines of well-known print magazines.Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 18:29, 2005 Apr 27 (UTC)

 * Keep, reluctantly. Being CTO of the Open Voting Consortium is enough to reach notability as far as I'm concerned.  Kelly Martin 23:02, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, balance of the doubt probably favours notability here, although LOTLE should be encouraged not to edit the page. Slac speak up!  03:00, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but borderline. Needs expansion. Has some notability. Megan1967 07:50, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Should all six billion Discordian Popes get extra honorifics before their names? As for this article, weak keep, near the edge of notability.  Barno 15:41, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Just because he's a Wikipedian doesn't mean he isn't notable. — Asbestos | Talk  11:22, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Just a little note: when I looked up David Mertz in various computer science bibliographic databases, there were four papers who he possibly authored (possibly, as in there maybe being several people of the same name): two were on philosophical logic, one was apparently on mathematical logic, and the last one, co-authored, was on electronic voting. This indicates to me that David Mertz is not particularly well known in the computer science community. That said, he may be a well-known columnist on programming topics; I don't know. David.Monniaux 20:47, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Followup to David.Monniaux citations moved to David Mertz talk page. Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 20:50, 2005 May 5 (UTC)

 * Keep, but LOTLE should completely refrain from editing this article. If you have any changes you think should be made to it, tell me, and I'll have a look.  Seems notable! Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 20:31, 5 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Welsh whisky

Welsh whisky (wisgi Cymreig) is liquor made from malt, grain and water that is produced in Wales. There are currently two types of Welsh whisky Malt Whisky and Grain Whisky

Whisky has been distilled in Wales since the Middle Ages, but production died out in the late nineteenth century. In the 1990s attempts were made to revive the practice, resulting in the establishment of Wales's first distillery in over one hundred years.

Origin
Wales has a long history of alcohol production, but distillation came in the Middle Ages. The first evidence of stills in Wales dates to the 4th century AD.

"The Great Welsh Warrior" Reaullt Hir is said to have distilled chwisgi from braggot brewed by the monks of Bardsey Island in AD 356. These monks then allegedly developed the art of distilling further. However this is unlikely. The name "Reaullt" is a High Medieval loanword from Anglo-Norman French, so this name would not have been used before the eleventh century.

The medieval Welsh stories of The Mabinogion mention fermentation but not distillation; the end of the "Mead Song" in a sixteenth-century manuscript of the sixth-century Tales of Taliesin mentions distillation, although mead is a fermented beverage.

Revival
Manufacturing of whisky in Wales declined during the nineteenth century, with the commercial development of liquor discouraged by the rise of the temperance movement. The last notable distillery was established by R. J. Lloyd Price in 1887 at Frongoch. His company, the Welsh Whisky Distillery Company, was not a success and was sold in 1900 to William Owen of Bala for £5000. The company was finally liquidated in 1910.

In the 1990s entrepreneurs attempted to revive distillation in the country. The first attempts entailed bottling Scottish blends in Wales as "Welsh whisky", but a lawsuit by Scotch distillers ended the enterprise. In 2000 the foundation of the Welsh Whisky Company (now known as Penderyn) was announced. A distillery was built at Penderyn in the Brecon Beacons National Park. Production commenced in 2000 and the finished product, the first whisky commercially produced in Wales for a century, went on sale in 2004.

In 2016 the Dà Mhìle distillery near Llandysul in west Wales bottled its first whisky, an organic single grain whisky.

In 2017, with two distilleries actively making and marketing whisky, Wales was officially recognised under European Union legislation as having a whisky industry. By February 2020, two more had begun operations: the Aber Falls distillery and Coles distillery.

The Aber Falls distillery in Abergwyngregyn, Gwynedd, commenced production in late 2017 and released its first whisky in 2021 after delaying the launch due to the Coronavirus.

In 2020, the Coles distillery produced the third single malt whisky in Wales at Llanddarog in Carmarthenshire, making it the fourth to begin production and the third to release whisky onto the market.

Definition
In August 2021 a group of Welsh distillers submitted an application for a geographical indication (GI)

On July 24, 2023 the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs granted Welsh Whisky a geographical indication.

In order for whiskies to be branded as Welsh they must to comply with a legally set criteria.

Welsh whisky must:

 * be made using 100% Welsh malted barley
 * use water of 100% Welsh origin
 * be produced in Wales at all stages from brewing to bottling.

Distilleries
As of December 2022, there are seven whisky distilleries across Wales.

Aber Falls
The Aber Falls distillery in Abergwyngregyn, Gwynedd, began production in 2017 and released its first whisky on 17 May 2021.

Anglesey Môn
Anglesey Môn distillery was established in 2018 near Pentraeth on Anglesey.

Coles
The Coles distillery, which also produces gin and vodka, is set in the Carmarthenshire countryside in the village of Llanddarog.

Dà Mhìle
The name of the distillery was inspired by the initial bottling commissioned to Springbank to celebrate the millennium, (Dà Mhìle is Scottish Gaelic and translates to "two thousand"). The owners, John, Patrice and Paula came to Wales from the Netherlands with dreams of setting up a centre for organic farming near Llandysul, Ceredigion. In 2012 they opened the doors to the distillery on the farm, producing their first organic single malt.

In the Welsh Wind
The 'In the Welsh Wind' distillery in Tan-y-groes, Ceredigion, was founded in January 2018. In 2021 it received permission to extend and develop the existing building and to construct a cask and grain store, which will allow it to complete all the steps of whisky production.

Penderyn
The Penderyn distillery (formerly: The Welsh whisky company distillery )in Penderyn, Rhondda Cynon Taf was established in 2000 and was the first commercial distillery operating in Wales since the 19th century.

Economic
As of July 2023 Welsh whisky is available in 45 countries, with the total value of exports forecast to generate £23m this year.

Achievements
On July 5, 2016 two bottles from The Welsh Whisky Distillery Company, dating from around the 1900s, were sold for a combined total of £14,500 to a private bidder.

Economic
Economy of Wales

Food and drink industry of Wales

Whisky

 * Outline of whisky
 * List of whisky brands
 * List of British Standards
 * New world whisky

Organisations
British Distillers Alliance

title: Welsh whisky


text:
User:Xoloz/Schools

I believe there are a large number of committed WPians (probably not a majority, though) who value school articles. I believe that they have reasonable arguments to support their position. I also believe that they are of sufficient strength (at least ~35% of voting editors) such that consensus to delete a school article will never properly be reached. In such a circumstance, with WP operating as a consensus forum, I believe any attempt to delete real high schools is less than useful. It doesn't mean anyone is wrong to so nominate; it doesn't mean their arguments are wrong either. But, in a consensus forum, when a static position of "Let's-agree-to-disagree" is reached, the default is (and should be) to keep. I believe we have reached such a stasis, and I will continue to vote, by type, a default keep on real high schools as a method of conveying my belief in this stasis and the relatively low utility of further dispute.

Some cannot see any reasonable argument for keeping schools. As I understand the arguments, school supporters suggest that schools are public institutions essential to communities and masses of individuals in their formative years. They are generally fixed in location, and often have long histories. They are likely each to attract substantial communities of interest to WP. I don't firmly agree with these points, but I see some value. My high school, for example, was founded in 1970, with an average class size of 1,000 people. It serves a city of 70,000, each citizen likely to know it. It is known across the entire US state, and well-known by adjacent towns, such that I estimate at least 350,000 people know of it and have reason to search for it. In my state, my school is (or was) average (ie. I looked up class size and campus size when enrolled there, and it was in the middle.) 350,000 potential searchers is good enough, arguably. I am not completely persuaded by these arguments, but I do find them reasonable.

Since I acknowledge that there are reasonable arguments for keeping schools, I find that some simplistic arguments of some school opponents (that schools are like people, or factories, or boxes, or walls) are ill-thought. Generally, most students have at least some interest in their school (if only because they are stuck there in young life when they would rather be outside), and I know most parents have an interest in their children's school. The aggregate community attachment to these places, in my experience, far exceeds community concern for other "buildings," as schools are called here in dimunition by some.

Some object that voting on schools without examining the particular article at issue is faulty. I agree that it is true that my argument above is an argument by type. However, for school-supporters, schools are like real towns (which have become notable ipso facto based on an argument by type.) I know that this is controversial, and I don't even know whether or not I agree with it. However, it is, in my view, a reasonable argument to make. I don't believe it is proper to discount an argument by type in these school cases when it is accepted in other arguably comparable cases. Also, I understand that bickering over whether a suburban high school in Maryland is more or less notable than another suburban high school in California is a discussion for which Wikipedia is ill-equipped. In general, a policy by type for real high schools seems appropriate to me to avoid constant squabbling over minutiae. Left only to my own opinions, I might well exclude them all; however, in a rule-by-consensus, where a committed minority insists on the value of such articles, I yield to their right by default.

Some argue that such yielding is dangerous, and could lead, through a slippery slope, to the inclusion to individual buildings or businesses.

I agree that, if one found a body of ~30%+ of committed WPian editors (after extended debate like we've had on schools for a long time) willing to agree in general that every building is notable, or that Xoloz' nosehair is notable, it would be worthy of inclusion here under my argument (notwithstanding even my own assessment of my nosehair as useless). To me, this is positive and noble aspect of Wikipedia: WPians decide what belongs in WP, and the system exists with a (admirable, in my view) bias such that anything with substantial support stays. That is a consequence of the non-majoritarian nature of the process.

Finally, some argue that the schools included are often short, poor quality stubs, and that their addition here hurts Wikipedia more than helps. It is, however, a general guideline not to delete, but to expand when an article on an otherwise noteworthy topic is poorly written. I see no reason this guideline is inapplicable to schools, although they be numerous. It is also, I think, unknown whether a poor stub or a blank page is more like to motivate a visitor to write a quality article (and this is the end-goal of everyone.) Some less experienced WPians simply have a "page-creation phobia," but are not afraid to cleanup and expand; I know I was once one of these newbies.

I do not pretend that this explication is exhaustive, but it presents my views as fully as I have yet elaborated them. This is, for now, my complete rationale for my continued keep votes on this subject. Anyone may discuss this issue with me at anytime, as I am the talkative sort.

title: User:Xoloz/Schools


text: User talk:84.148.209.62

title: User talk:84.148.209.62


text:
Talk:MiniGL

This article is crap. Unfortunately I don’t have the time or knowedge of MiniGL required to make it make sense. --Ahruman 15:52, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The indication that NURBS support is at the same level as vertex specificiation is false. NURBS are supported in GLU, which is specifically intended to be a higher-level library than core GL. GL itself supports polynomial evaluators, which can be used for simpler curved surfaces such as Bézier patches, a functionality which could be (and probably is) implemented in hardware.
 * At the time MiniGL was relevant, OpenGL did not support any type of shader, although it does support volumetric textures.
 * Changed "useful in the gaming arena" to "useful in the gaming arena at the time"
 * Having some features implemented in drivers does not make it "less than useful as a HAL". Restricting it to purely lowest-common-denominator features would.
 * The "example" given of MiniGL’s variability is irrelevant; OpenGL doesn’t require display lists or line drawing to be implemented in hardware, and driver-side implementations used to be common.

I programmed in "MiniGL" for a short period while I owned an original 3dfx board and I've rewritten the article to reflect my recollections of the history although most internet resources on the topic seem to have dried up. I hope mine is somewhat more accurate than the previous text! ThomasHarte 17:21, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:MiniGL


text:
Joseph W. Shepard

Joseph William Shepard, also known as J. W. Shepard (died December 7, 1946), was a pioneer in Collin County, Texas.

He was the son of Lewis Shepard and Mary Ann Huffman. He married Mollie Cathering Haggard and together they had six children.

Shepard owned a thousand-acre (4 km2) ranch in the Collin County area. The Plano area became famous in the late 19th century for mule breeding. Shepard became well known for this and also for breeding registered horses and jacks. He shipped his mules throughout the United States, and to Mexico and Honduras.

In 1890, Shepard opened a general store on his ranch, and the farming town of Shepton developed in the vicinity of the store.

Shepard served on the local school board, the local church and was a civic leader in the area. In addition to the town of Shepton, Texas, Shepard Elementary School and Shepton High School were also named in his honor.

title: Joseph W. Shepard


text:
Mohamed Kader

Mohamed Abdel-Kader Coubadja-Touré (born 8 April 1979) is a Togolese former professional footballer who played as a forward.

Club career
After starting with Étoile Filante de Lomé, he left Togo for CA Bizertin (Tunisia) before landing at AC Parma in Italy in 1998, from where he had loan spells at clubs in Switzerland, Egypt and Italy. In 2003–04 he scored 19 goals in 35 matches for Swiss outfit Servette FC and was elected best Togolese player abroad. Kader also played for En Avant Guingamp in France but left the club in the summer of 2008.

International career
Kader's star rose in his home country after he scored the late winner in the 1998 African Cup of Nations match against Ghana, thus securing the Togo national team's first ever win at the tournament. The forward later played in the 2000 and 2002 editions, as well as featuring in Togo's disappointing campaign in Egypt in 2006.

He helped Togo reach the 2006 World Cup, their first World Cup ever. He further scored the team's first and only World Cup goal in a loss to South Korea.

title: Mohamed Kader


text:
Lapland (Sweden)

Lapland, also known by its Swedish name Lappland (Sápmi, Lappi, Lapponia), is a province in northernmost Sweden. It borders Jämtland, Ångermanland, Västerbotten, Norrbotten, Norway and Finland. Nearly a quarter of Sweden's land area is in Lappland.

Lapland originally extended eastward. However, in 1809 the Russian Empire annexed the eastern part of Sweden, when afterwards the Grand Duchy of Finland has been formed, which in effect split Lapland into a Swedish part and a Finnish part, both of which still exist today. It primarily consists of Västerbotten County in the south and Norrbotten County in the north, forming the further inland areas of the two counties. Lapland has the coldest climates of Sweden with vast seasonal differences caused by the high latitudes and the interior location.

History
The history of Lapland is in many ways connected to the history of Norrbotten County and Västerbotten County, since Lapland is a historic region connected to these counties. During the Middle Ages, Norrbotten/Lapland was considered a no man's land. The area was in fact populated by nomadic Sami people, but the region became increasingly settled by Swedish, Finnish and Norwegian settlers - especially along the coasts and large rivers. From the Middle Ages on, the Swedish kings tried to colonise and Christianise the area using settlers from what is now Finland and southern Sweden. Today, despite large-scale assimilation into the dominant Swedish culture, Finnish and Sami minorities continue to maintain their cultures and identities.

Despite independent cultural presence, religious beliefs were subject to conversion in the 17th and 18th centuries resulting in Laplanders generally leaving their original shamanism and converting to Lutheranism. Since the 19th century, Lapland has been particularly characterised by Laestadian Lutheranism.

During the industrialization of Sweden in the late-19th century, natural resources (hydroelectricity, timber and minerals) from Lapland and surrounding provinces played a key role. Still, mining, forestry and hydroelectric power are the backbone of the local economy, together with municipal services. The unemployment has however been relatively high for several decades and many young people leave for the larger cities by the coast or in southern Sweden.

Geography
Located in Sweden, Lapland is known for containing the Vindelfjällen Nature Reserve, one of the largest nature reserves in Sweden. Other parts of Lapland have been named a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Laponian area, and the province contains some of the oldest and most spectacular national parks of northern Europe, e.g. Sarek National Park, established in 1909. Lapland has an area of 109,702 square km (c. 42,300 sq miles), larger than Austria and almost equal to Portugal. Its land area is also larger than the Benelux countries combined, being more than double the size of Switzerland and quite a bit larger than the island of Ireland.

National parks

 * Abisko
 * Björnlandet
 * Muddus
 * Padjelanta
 * Sarek
 * Stora Sjöfallet
 * Vadvetjåkka

Administration
The traditional provinces of Sweden serve no administrative or political purposes but are cultural and historical entities. Administratively, Lappland constitutes the western part of two counties of Sweden, Norrbotten County in the north and Västerbotten County in the south. In contrast to most other areas of Sweden, there is more of an identification with the counties rather than to provinces. Thus, most people in these counties refer to the entire county, including the areas in Lapland, when they say 'Norrbotten' or 'Västerbotten'.

Citizens of Sami descent are eligible to stand and vote in elections for the Swedish Sami Parliament, which is the case with Sami people elsewhere in Sweden as well. The Sami language has an official minority status in Kiruna Municipality, Gällivare Municipality, Jokkmokk Municipality and Arjeplog Municipality.

The following municipalities have their seats in Lapland:

 * Arjeplog
 * Arvidsjaur
 * Dorotea
 * Gällivare
 * Jokkmokk
 * Kiruna
 * Lycksele
 * Malå
 * Sorsele
 * Storuman
 * Vilhelmina
 * Åsele

Population
As of 31 December 2017, the population of Swedish Lapland is 91,333. Together with the rest of historical Lapland, the sum of the population is approximately 250,000. The largest cities are Kiruna (, Kiiruna) with 23,178 inhabitants, Gällivare with 18,123 inhabitants and Lycksele with 12,177 inhabitants.

In Norrbotten County:
 * Kiruna (23,178)
 * Gällivare (18,123)
 * Jokkmokk (5,072)
 * Arjeplog (2,887)
 * Arvidsjaur (6,471)

In Västerbotten County:
 * Lycksele (12,177)
 * Vilhelmina (6,829)
 * Storuman (5,943)
 * Malå (3,109)
 * Åsele (2,814)
 * Dorotea (2,740)
 * Sorsele (2,516)

Heraldry
Lapland itself was never considered a duchy but on 18 January 1884 the Privy Council gave all Provinces the right of use to a ducal coronet for their arms. Blazon Swedish version: "Argent, a Wildman statant Gules wrapped with birch leaves Vert on the head and around the waist holding a Club Or in dexter over the shoulder." The wildman used to be depicted with more features, impressively drawn muscles and a dour expression on his face.

The wildman wielding a club as heraldic symbol of Lapland first appeared at the coronation of Charles IX of Sweden in 1607, then at the same king's burial in 1611. The colour red of his skin was decided only in 1949; before then various colours had been used (natural skin colour in the first half of the 20th century). The wildman, though unusual in heraldry, is an old symbol of the uncivilised north and appeared in books and woodcuts of the 16th century. A statue depicting the wildman is placed in Storuman at 65.095°N, 17.11556°W.

Climate
Lapland has a subarctic climate in its lower areas, whereas a polar variety can be found in Tarfala, where the average high for the warmest month of the year (July) is lower than 10 C in mean temperatures. The southern parts of the province are significantly milder than the northern, due to the vast geographical differences. However, since Lapland is all made up of inland areas, maritime moderation is less significant than in the counties' coastal areas and in neighbouring Norway, resulting in harsh winters. Southern areas at a lower elevation such as Lycksele also have relatively warm summers. Due to the Arctic Circle, the northern areas of the province experience midnight sun and a moderate polar night with some civil twilight during opposite sides of the year.

Sports
Football in the province is administered by Norrbottens Fotbollförbund and Västerbottens Fotbollförbund.

Marketing
An EU-subsidised government tourism marketing organisation aiming to promote tourism in Northern Sweden has taken the brand name "Swedish Lapland". This name also covers towns in the coastal area of Gulf of Bothnia as well as the border area to Finland though neither areas are a part of the geographical province Swedish Lapland, rather the Lapland area as a whole in northern Scandinavia.

National minorites
Lapland has two prominent national minorites the Samí people and Tornedalians.

title: Lapland (Sweden)


text:
User talk:Tas50

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! RJFJR 15:53, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Tas50


text:
List of craters on the Moon: R–S

The list of approved names in the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature maintained by the International Astronomical Union includes the diameter of the crater and the person the crater is named for. Where a crater formation has associated satellite craters, these are detailed on the main crater description pages.

title: List of craters on the Moon: R–S


text:
Talk:Desolation Jones

SPOILERS
The desolation test is rather similat to the treatment of Alex in A Clockwork Orange only taken to the extreme.

Jones was rigged to a chair and hooked up so that he could survive without human contact. A drip to keep him alive, eyes help open, colostomy bag etc.

The chair is in the middle of a room where every wall is a bank of TV screen. All six walls constantly show images of violence, death and human destruction.

The chair slowly rotates forcing Jones to see the very worst elements of human nature constantly for an entire year.

Source? Nothing beyond the initial chair setup is ever shown in the comics nor is the actual process mentioned beyond when he encounters the filth's bodyguard and mentions that he died everyday for a year. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.186.243.242 (talk) 09:55, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

Formatting / cleanup
This article really needs to be in the standard "series" format - or the standard "character" format, depending on how it's positioned. It could use a little more publication info background as well, plus something about the second story arc...? --Mrph 09:06, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

Some of the art information is incorrect, for instance the second artist of the book didn't start working on the title until AFTER the first six-issue story arc(and is currently signed on even though the book is going through a break in between the second six-issue arc). I can't access the top of the article to edit it however.

External links modified
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title: Talk:Desolation Jones


text:
Ljubiša Jokić

Ljubiša Jokić (Љубиша Јокић; born 24 September 1958) is the former Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro.

Early life
He completed Air Force High School in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and graduated from the Air Force Military Academy's pilot training program in Pula, Croatia. He continued his education at the General Staff Academy, graduating in 1995. During this time he received the title of Flying Instructor and was awarded the Gold Flight Medal.

Career
He worked as a flying instructor until 1989 when he was appointed as Commander of a basic flight unit. In 1994, he was appointed Squadron Commander. He ended flight duties in 1997, becoming Chief of air-traffic-control at Podgorica airport. He returned to a military role from 1999 to 2003, first as Air Brigade Commander in 1999 and then Military Airport Air Base Commander in 2002.

In 2003, he was appointed Head of Military Cabinet of the President of and, at the same time, as Defense Supreme Counsel Secretary. At the end of 2004, he aided in the transformation of the Army in and was named Deputy of Minister of Defense for Human Resources. The top of his military career came as Head of the General Staff of Serbia and Montenegro where he served from September 2005 to June 2006.

From July 2007 to December 2011 he was Montenegro military representative to the NATO and EU military committees.

In March 2012 he was appointed Senior Military Adviser to the Permanent Mission of Montenegro at OSCE and Military Attaché in Austria, Czech Republic and Slovakia.

In August 2016 he was appointed as Senior Military Adviser MOD.

From January 2017 to October 2017 he was appointed Head of General Staff of Montenegro.

title: Ljubiša Jokić


text:
User talk:Alain r

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! RJFJR 15:54, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
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le bonjour de Woit
Je vous rappelle une phrase du prix Nobel Richard Feynman:

- Les théoriciens des cordes ne font pas de prédictions, ils font des excuses.
 * En quoi cela me concerne-t-il ??! Alain r (talk) 09:03, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

le bonjour de Grossabots
salut Alain r, j'hallucine, ils sont encore en train de se prendre la tête, en anglais en plus. bonne continuation
 * Salut Grossabots. On ne les refait pas, en effet. Comparativement, sur-la-toile doit paraître bien calme depuis quelques mois. Alain Riazuelo 21:21, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Encore un p'tit coup de Bogdanov !
J'ai conscience du fait que tu ne m'adresseras sans doute plus jamais la parole après avoir vu mes énormités, mais ma conscience professionelle me force à te filer le lien. S'il te prend l'envie de commenter et peut-être de précser pour que je meurs moins bête... :) Rama 18:00, 16 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Je pense que Rama était exact dans son explication mais, naturellement, je serais très intéressé d'entendre votre avis. Chaleureusement, --NicholasTurnbull | (talk) 21:11, 16 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Non non, pas "exact": j'ai essayé d'esquisser une idée générale, mais c'était vraiment à la louche. Compare avec la formulation de Alain_r et tu vois la différence entre quelqu'un qui a une vague idée et quelqu'un qui sait. Cas d'école. Rama 21:58, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

Article evaluation?
Hello. Apropos your past interest in the matter, I was wondering if you'd care to check Bogdanov Affair. I have been trying to improve this article over the past couple months in my odd snatches of free time, and I think it is currently a useful and informative piece of expository writing. (A dreary rain of sockpuppet edits has continued to drizzle upon it, alas, leading to episodes of semi-protection and an awful lot of blocks.) Zippedmartin mentioned a few issues on the Talk page, which I tried to address; at the moment, I can't think of any other things to do with the article, and I'd like any additional opinions you have to offer.

Like the saying says, "Criticism is the only known antidote to error." Your comments are welcome. Best wishes to you and yours.

(Aussi, merci mille fois pour votre explication de l'Affreuse Kablooie Spatiale, l'univers ekpyrotique et tout cela dans votre légende d'image!)

Anville 17:23, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much for your comments; they were indeed exactly the type of inputs I had hoped to receive. I believe I have addressed them by now (or at least as far as the reliable sources I can find allow), though little nits remain to be picked, such as finding a better word for "Implications".  More detailed notes exist here, should you wish to comment further.

 * Again, best wishes. Anville 22:17, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Book
Dear Alain r, thanks for your comments. I really don't have an infinite amount of time and the goal and virtues of the discussion are not quite clear from your message but my e-mail is myfirstname dot mylastname at gmail dot com. Thanks, Lumidek --Lumidek (talk) 20:04, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

Gravitational constant
Dear Alain r; Until now, we have not been capable of defining a precise value for the gravitational constant or the Planck length. I believe the following equation will allow a more precise definition for both of these values.

L1 = (L2)2 divided by L3

L1 = 2pi(Planck length)(3/2)1/2

L2 = (1/2)(electron Compton wavelength)

L3 = (2pi)2 (light velocity)(one second)

Let me know if you have an interest in this. DonJStevens (talk) 15:13, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:08, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:33, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alain r


text: User talk:69.207.17.192

title: User talk:69.207.17.192


text:
Talk:Surbiton High School

Not neutral
Needs a serious rewrite - the whole article is a laughably-written and utterly fawning advert for the school --Cruci 15:55, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Over ten years later and it still reads as an advert. Mlleangelique (talk) 10:21, 7 January 2016 (UTC)

NPOV
This sort of thing is not acceptable under a policy of NPOV:

''It has become infamous in recent years for the oppressive, vicious and commercial style of management, as well as for the overall distressed disposition of its staff owing to the recent change in management ethos, a change that has occasionally been likened to certain dubious historical governments. It has certainly strayed a considerable way from any Christian principles it once held.'' MRSC 06:57, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

I don't think that's true. Surbiton is a thriving school that is doing far better that the other schools in the area. As for the style of management, it is neither oppressive, vicious or commercial. The staff AND pupil atmosphere is very friendly and supportive and it is a very welcoming environment.The school is friendly and gives everyone all the values they need as young children and the beginning of adult.I truly recommend this amazing school which gets the best out of everyone. As for the Christian principles it "once held", you may want to bear in mind that Religious Studies is still compulsory up to GCSE, moreover, there is assembly most days for the lower school whereby girls are taught By all sorts of charities and stuffLinecony! (talk) 07:56, 19 May 2020 (UTC). Even the sixth form are not exempt from some of these assemblies. In addition to this there are communion services, rooms for thinking and quiet prayer, carol concerts in the church, regular visits from the local clergymen etc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.153.14.187 (talk) 13:02, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Surbiton High School


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User:Sunkorg

I'm a freelance writer and developer residing in Cincinnati.

title: User:Sunkorg


text:
The Harafish

The Harafish (الحرافيش) (in orig. Arabic Malhamat al-harafish) is a 1977 novel written by Naguib Mahfouz. It comprises a series of episodes in a dozen generations of a family from the Egyptian urban rabble (the "harafish"). Many of the members of this family become clan chiefs in an alley in the city; some of them are benefactors to the other members of the harafish; some are more corrupt. Neither the location within Egypt nor the time of the events is ever identified.

Although location and timing are never specified, inferences can be made to narrow the possible locations. Reference to location is made several times in The Harafish (English translation). When Ashur and Fulla flee the plague-infested alley, they reside in the caves of the foothills. Ashur leaves the cave "to take water from the public drinking fountain in Darasa" (p. 39). Darasa is located east of present-day Cairo, between the foothills and the Nile river. Further reference to the Nile occurs on page 356: "Strange rumours came from outside the alley. The Nile was not going to flood that year."

title: The Harafish