text: Template:Caution

title: Template:Caution


text: Talk:Afropithecus

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Afropithecus


text:
Talk:Tamazight/Archive 1

Tamazight is the language of the Imazighen generaly. and Tachelhit is the language where about is this article. the name "tamazight" is false. there is also other language in morooco and they called also, tamazight such as "Tassossiet". personly i speak riffijns. but we call it also tamazight. and the reason is that tamazight a general word of all the berber language. but tamazight is the correct name, while berber komed from : barbarian. that is nomed by the Greeks.Aziri 14:34, 23 Jun 2004 (UTC) --- the aricle of en wikipedia was wrong adapted to the NL and Ar wikipedia's aricles. they were fairely writen by my. and it was about the berberlanguage /tamazight /tamazight language. that is a misunderstandig by the not-berber/tamazight-speaking. i think that there are also misunderstandings with the other languages, but i can't understand them to be sure .Aziri 14:49, 23 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * In Berber and Arabic, "Tamazight" can only mean Berber in general - or in some areas, Berber minus Zenati. However, the language spoken in the Central Atlas in Morocco is called Tamazight in English:, and sadly we have to take that into account. - Mustafaa 00:58, 24 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Also, the problem is not all Berber languages use the word Tamazight... - Mustafaa 01:04, 24 Jun 2004 (UTC)

don't tell me that the arabs are told that. i'm a berber. i don't speak tachelhit, but we call it tamazight. and that is also case of tassoussit .Aziri 11:11, 24 Jun 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tamazight/Archive 1


text:
User:Paul Klenk/Non-English Wiki Resources

Other Wikis

 * Esperanto: translated
 * Hebrew: translated
 * Ukrainian
 * Bulgarian
 * Catalan: translated
 * Slovenian
 * Czech: translated
 * Hungarian: translated
 * Slovak
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 * Indonesian
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text:
Hyundai 8 to 25-ton truck

The Hyundai 8 to 25-ton truck (hangul:현대트럭) is a line of heavy-duty commercial vehicles by Hyundai Motor Company. The range was primarily available as cargo and dump truck. Its model truck name is 'Hyundai' and 'Hyundai Mitsubishi Fuso'.

Most heavy-duty truck models are distinguishable by a front 'Hyundai Truck' badge, but the common Hyundai and Mitsubishi Fuso badge is usually used on the rear.

In Japan, Asia-Pacific, Mid-East, Africa, South America, its principal competitors are Daewoo 8 to 25-ton trucks, Tata Daewoo Novus, Samsung SM510/530.

Models
Hyundai Truck (8ton~25ton Truck) is a name used by Hyundai Motor Company in commercial vehicle of trucks for two related models.

First Generation Third Generation
 * Hyundai Truck: a cargo truck & dump truck, Designed by Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation. Manufacture period: 1977–1997. Rebadged by Mitsubishi Fuso The Great.
 * 8 ton Cargo
 * 11 ton Cargo
 * 9.5 ton Cargo (launched in 1988)
 * 18 ton Cargo (launched in 1992)
 * 8 ton Dump
 * 15 ton Dump
 * 23 ton Dump (launched in 1992)
 * 25 ton
 * Mixer
 * Tractor
 * Second Generation. Hyundai Truck New Model: a cargo truck & dump truck, Designed by Hyundai Motor Company and Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation. Manufacture period: 1997–2003.
 * 8 ton Cargo
 * 8.5 ton Cargo
 * 9.5 ton cargo
 * 11 ton Cargo
 * 11.5 ton Cargo
 * 12 ton Cargo
 * 13 ton Cargo
 * 14 ton Cargo
 * 15 ton Cargo
 * 16 ton cargo
 * 17 ton Cargo
 * 18 ton Cargo
 * 19 ton Cargo
 * 19.5 ton Cargo
 * 22 ton cargo
 * 22.5 ton Cargo
 * 23 ton Cargo
 * 23.5 ton Cargo
 * 25 ton Cargo
 * 8 ton Dump
 * 11 ton Dump
 * 15 ton Dump
 * 23 ton Dump
 * 24 ton Dump
 * 6x2 Mixer
 * 8x4 Mixer
 * 6x2 Tractor
 * 6x4 Tractor

 * Trago 8 ton Cargo
 * Trago 8.5 ton Cargo
 * Trago 9.5 ton cargo
 * Trago 11 ton Cargo
 * Trago 11.5 ton Cargo
 * Trago 12 ton Cargo
 * Trago 13 ton Cargo
 * Trago 14 ton Cargo
 * Trago 15 ton Cargo
 * Trago 16 ton cargo
 * Trago 17 ton Cargo
 * Trago 18 ton Cargo
 * Trago 19 ton Cargo
 * Trago 19.5 ton Cargo
 * Trago 22 ton cargo
 * Trago 22.5 ton Cargo
 * Trago 23 ton Cargo
 * Trago 23.5 ton Cargo
 * Trago 25 ton Cargo
 * Trago 8 ton Dump
 * Trago 11 ton Dump
 * Trago 15 ton Dump
 * Trago 23 ton Dump
 * Trago 24 ton Dump
 * Trago 6x2 Mixer
 * Trago 8x4 Mixer
 * Trago 6x2 Tractor
 * Trago 6x4 Tractor

title: Hyundai 8 to 25-ton truck


text: User talk:81.153.150.86

title: User talk:81.153.150.86


text:
Andrew York (guitarist)

Andrew York (born 1958) is an American Grammy Award winning classical guitarist and composer.

Biography
York was born in 1958 in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, and grew up in Virginia. He received degrees from James Madison University in Virginia and the University of Southern California (USC). He studied in Spain, where he met classical guitarist John Williams. Williams has performed and recorded compositions by York. In 1989, York released his debut solo album, Perfect Sky (Timeless, 1989). He was a member of the Los Angeles Guitar Quartet until 2006.

York is the only alumnus in USC's history to have received their Distinguished Alumni Award twice, in 1997 as a member of the Los Angeles Guitar Quartet and again in 2003 for his solo music career.

He played lute with the USC Early Music Ensemble. In addition to his solo career, recording and performing his own compositions, York's recent collaborations include projects with Andy Summers, W. A. Mathieu, Dai Kimura, and Mitsuko Kado. York's tour schedule has included concerts in thirty countries. York's compositions and arrangements for guitar have been performed and recorded by guitarists John Williams, Christopher Parkening, Karin Schaupp and Sharon Isbin.

Accomplishments
York has over 50 works published for guitar: solo, duo, trio, quartet, and ensemble. He has appeared in three DVDs, has recorded or appeared as soloist on more than ten albums, and has published a three-volume work on jazz for classical guitarists. York has played on ten recordings with the Los Angeles Guitar Quartet, including the Grammy Award-winning Guitar Heroes (2004). His solo albums include: Perfect Sky (1986), Dénouement (1994), Into Dark (1997), California Breeze (2006), Hauser Sessions (2007), Yamour (2012), Home (2018) and The Equations of Beauty (2018). He also released five band tracks, Lotus Eaters, Stratojee and Land Below Waves, in 2018, DissFunkShun and Pay the Piper, in 2019, and a number of singles in 2019 and 2020.

Andrew York is a member of the Triple Nine Society and his article Bowling Balls and Binary Switches was published in their journal Vidya in December 2016. He became a voting member at the Recording Academy in 2018.

Regarding Dénouement, Jim Ferguson stated that the five original suites that make up the recording "demonstrate [York's] exceptional compositional breadth, commanding instrumental abilities, and rich tone. Rife with folk, jazz, and ancient influences, the material ranges from challenging to simple yet highly musical."

Solo

 * Perfect Sky (1986)
 * Dénouement (1994)
 * Into Dark (1997)
 * Hauser Sessions (2007)
 * Yamour (2012)
 * Home (2018)
 * The Equations of Beauty (2018)

Singles

 * "Silent Night" (2019)
 * "Undercurrents" (2020)
 * "Deepening" (2020)
 * "Dancing with Maya" (2020)
 * "Not Alone" (2020)
 * "Hall of Forgotten Rooms" (2020)
 * "Night on Maui" (2020)
 * "Numen" (2020)
 * "Lumen" (2020)
 * "Menhir" (2020)
 * "Numina" (2020)
 * "The World Has Changed" (2020)
 * "Annie's Song" (2020)
 * "Second Glass" (2020)
 * "The Dancer" (2021)

Band tracks

 * "Lotus Eaters" (2018)
 * "Stratojee" (2018)
 * "Land Below Waves" (2018)
 * "DissFunkShun" (2019)
 * "Pay the Piper" (2019)

With LAGQ

 * Guitar Recital
 * Dances from Renaissance to Nutcracker
 * Evening in Granada
 * Labyrinth
 * For Thy Pleasure
 * The Best of LAGQ
 * L.A.G.Q.
 * Air and Ground
 * LAGQ: Latin
 * Guitar Heroes
 * Spin

Collaborations and compilations

 * Windham Hill Records: Guitar Sampler (1988)
 * Legends of Guitar (Rhino, 1991)
 * An Evening with International Guitar Night with Guinga, Brian Gore, and Pierre Bensusan (Favored Nations, 2004)
 * Centerpeace (2010) with guitarist Andy Summers, and pianists Mitsuko Kado and Allaudin Mathieu
 * "In Dialogue" by Ulli Boegershausen (2019)
 * "Push It" by Ulli Boegershausen (2020)

DVDs

 * Contemporary Classic Guitar
 * LAGQ Live!
 * Primal Twang

Books

 * Jazz for Classical Cats I: Harmony (method book w/CD)
 * Jazz for Classical Cats II: Chord/Melody (method book w/CD)
 * Jazz for Classical Cats III: Improvisation (method book w/CD)

title: Andrew York (guitarist)


text:
User talk:Mrc

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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p.s. Congratulations on your new en:wiki page, Olympic champion.

paul klenk talk

title: User talk:Mrc


text:
Eagle Cap Excursion Train

The Eagle Cap Excursion Train is a heritage railroad service located in Wallowa, Oregon, United States, operated on a 63 mi line from Elgin to Joseph. The line is owned by the Wallowa Union Railroad (WURR), a public entity, which acquired it from private owners in 2002. The first excursion train was operated in 2003.

History
The Union Pacific Railroad (UP) came to Union County in July 1884 when the main line between Salt Lake City, Utah and Portland, Oregon passed through La Grande.

The Oregon Railway and Navigation Company (OR&N) began construction on a branch line north to Elgin that was opened in December 1890. The OR&N itself was dissolved and its assets taken over by both the UP and the Northern Pacific Railway (NP) with the line from La Grande to Elgin transferring to the UP. UP extended the line over the next two decades north and east to Wallowa by 1908 and eventually to Enterprise and Joseph. Under UP operation, the line was commonly referred to as the "Joseph Branch".

UP identified the Joseph Branch for divestiture or abandonment in the late 1980s or early 1990s. In 1993, the line was sold to the railroad holding company Rio Grande Pacific Corporation (RGPC) of Fort Worth, Texas. RGPC created the Idaho Northern and Pacific Railroad to operate over the Joseph Branch & the Payette to Cascade line in Idaho

In 1997 the Joseph Branch was identified for abandonment later that year from Elgin to Joseph following the closure of the mill in Joseph.

The county governments in Union and Wallowa counties wanted to preserve this important transportation link and put together a proposal to purchase the 63 mi of abandoned railroad. After acquiring the line in 2002, the counties and their respective economic development agencies and chambers of commerce sought potential operators of either a short line (class III) railroad or a heritage railroad, which would offer tourist excursions.

The latter option was successful and the Eagle Cap Excursion Train began on August 3, 2002, six years after abandonment. The 2003 season began on May 17, 2003, under initial operation by Idaho Northern and Pacific railroad until the county could buy and equip locomotives and it continued in the fall of that year. The first full season of operation began in May 2004. The excursion trains are powered by diesel GP7u locomotives, which are stored in Elgin when not in use. Through the 2008 season, three of the passenger cars used in each train were Budd Rail Diesel Cars (RDCs), a self-propelled type of rail car. These three cars were not used in 2009 and 2010, and were sold in 2013 to the Idaho Northern and Pacific Railroad for use on its Payette River Flyer.

As of 2010, the service was scheduled to operate on 11 days per summer season. The service was operating between Elgin and a location known as Kimmel, and a round trip excursion took about 3 1/2 hours. A "Santa Train" is operated in December (as of 2011), although it has been suspended in some years due to lack of sponsorship. As of May, the 2012 season of regular excursions was scheduled to begin on June 23.

title: Eagle Cap Excursion Train


text:
User talk:Zachdude723

THIS IS REAL>>>> Hitler is still alive and well. He has had meeting with Osama bin laden and al-Qaeda. And he is stated to have siaid a few horus ago: SCHWARTZENGERMAN!!!!!

title: User talk:Zachdude723


text:
Category:Ottawa city councillors

Category of people on Ottawa City Council.

title: Category:Ottawa city councillors


text:
Charles B. Farwell

Charles Benjamin Farwell (July 1, 1823 – September 23, 1903) was a U.S. Representative and Senator from Illinois.

Early life
Farwell was born in Painted Post, New York on July 1, 1823. He was a son of Henry Farwell (1795–1873) and Nancy (née Jackson) Farwell (1798–1887). His younger siblings included John Villiers Farwell, Simeon Farwell, and Louise Farwell (mother-in-law of Katherine Philips Edson and grandmother of Charles Farwell Edson, Jr.).

He attended Elmira Academy before moving to Illinois in 1838.

Career
He first tried his hand at surveying and farming before moving to Chicago in 1844, when he went into banking. From 1853 to 1861, he served as the Clerk of Cook County. Farwell was "one of the principal builders in [Chicago's] business district" in the last quarter of the 19th century. That he was able to amass a sizeable fortune can be proven by the fact that he owned a mansion on Chicago's North Side.

Political career
Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives four times beginning in 1870, winning his first election to the House by a healthy margin over Chicago's "Long" John Wentworth (by some 5700 votes). Farwell went on to serve in the House of Representatives in the 42nd, 43rd, 44th and 47th Congresses. In 1876, the Democrat-controlled Congress accepted John V. Le Moyne's challenge to Farwell's election and removed Farwell from office; Farwell declined to run again at the time of the general election later on in 1876. In 1880, he was elected to another term in Congress (the 47th Congress). Upon the death of John A. Logan in 1887, Farwell was elected to serve out Logan's term in the U.S. Senate, but refused to run for re-election to a full term.

Significantly, in Farwell's first term as Senator, he supported the introduction of an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would have granted women's suffrage rights (the right to vote) - simultaneously a landmark achievement of and a setback in the long struggle for voting rights for women that would not be overcome until the adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1920.

Later life
In 1879, Farwell and his brother John were part of a group of Illinois businessmen and politicians responsible for construction of the Texas State Capitol building. The Farwell's reward for this was to become owners of over 3 million acres of land in Texas, upon which they founded the XIT Ranch. The city of Farwell, Texas is named for the Farwell brothers.

Personal life
In 1852, Farwell was married to Mary Eveline Smith, a New Englander who received a private education. Together, they were the parents of nine children, only four of whom lived to adulthood:

 * Charles Farwell (1853–1853), who died young.
 * Mary N. Farwell (1854–1861), who died young.

 * Henry Farwell (1856–1861), who died young.
 * Edward Farwell (1858–1864), who died young.
 * Anna Farwell (1860–1953), who married composer Reginald de Koven.
 * Walter C. Farwell (1863–1943), who married Mildred Mary Williams, a daughter of Gen. Robert Williams.
 * Grace Farwell (1868–1949), who married Dudley Winston, a son of U.S. Minister Frederick Hampden Winston in 1888. After his death, she married Robert Greaves McGann (1867–1953) in 1906.
 * Robert Farwell (1870–1872), who died young.
 * Rose Farwell (1870–1918), who married author Hobart Chatfield-Taylor. Rose founded the Onwentsia Club one her father's estate.

After a long illness, Farwell died in Lake Forest, Illinois on September 23, 1903. He was buried at Rosehill Cemetery in Chicago.

His daughter Rose inherited his estate, Fairlawn, at 965 E. Deerpath in Lake Forest. Upon her death in 1918, his other daughter Grace inherited the mansion, and when it burned in 1920, the McGanns hired New York architects Delano and Aldrich to rebuild it in a Federal style with neo-Palladian brick and was finished in 1923 with original landscape was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted.

Descendants
Through his daughter Anna, he was a grandfather of Ethel Leroy De Koven (1885–1943), who married broker Hans Kierstede Hudson. Through his daughter Grace, he was a grandfather of Grace Farwell McGann (1907–1949), who married James H. Douglas Jr., the Secretary of the Air Force and the Deputy Secretary of Defense (his father helped found the Quaker Oats Company).

Through his youngest daughter Rose, he was a grandfather of four: Adelaide Chatfield-Taylor (1891–1982), who was awarded a Croix de Guerre for her work running a canteen in Boston during World War II, (grandmother of politician and businesswoman Meg Whitman); Wayne Chatfield-Taylor (1893–1967), who served as Under Secretary of Commerce and Assistant Secretary of the Treasury under President Franklin D. Roosevelt; and Otis Chatfield-Taylor (1899–1948), a writer, playwright, editor, theatrical producer; and Robert Farwell Chatfield-Taylor (1908–1980).

Philanthropy
In 1876, at his wife's urging, Farwell underwrote the construction of College Hall, North Hall and a gymnasium at Lake Forest College. The couple also donated additional land to the college which had been struggling since the end of the Civil War. Part of their philanthropy was to ensure a co-ed liberal arts college near home for their daughter, Anna, who graduated from Lake Forest College in 1880. Anna later married the composer Reginald de Koven, and became a successful socialite, novelist and amateur historian. His daughter Rose was married to Hobart Chatfield-Taylor.

title: Charles B. Farwell


text:
Talk:Provisional Sinn Féin

A huge edit was recently made by an anonymous editor whose other edits were not very neutral. However I know nothing like enough about this subject to attempt to decide is these were neutral or not. Help, please! DJ Clayworth 18:39, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Now I see what they've done. They've moved the text from Sinn Féin. Probably best reverted as, even if valid, it destroys the history. DJ Clayworth 18:41, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Major rewrite
The article as it stood read as a copy of a Sinn Féin (Adams Family) propoganda leaflet. I've tried to make it at least neutral. If none of the protaganists like it, I've probably succeeded! --Red King 23:32, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

What is this article anyway?
If this article is about the name or usage "Provisional Sinn Fein", then it shouldn't include the "modern party" section. If it is about the party, then the stuff about the name should be very much in second place, and the main Sinn Fein article should be revised to give more emphasis to the historic party with a shorter section on the Provos and a "see main" notice pointing here. As it is we have neither one nor the other. Palmiro | Talk 11:58, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Good point. Ideally, the stuff about the Adams Family should be here but, given that they have the legal registration of the name, it would have to be reverted as POV (even if it is the "right" PoV!).  So I'm deleting all the material relating to their electoral succcess and just leaving it as a description of the "media term".  Reluctantly.  --Red King 20:14, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Provisional Sinn Féin


text:
Cayley–Menger determinant

In linear algebra, geometry, and trigonometry, the Cayley–Menger determinant is a formula for the content, i.e. the higher-dimensional volume, of a $n$ -dimensional simplex in terms of the squares of all of the distances between pairs of its vertices. The determinant is named after Arthur Cayley and Karl Menger.

The $${n \choose 2}$$ pairwise distance polynomials between n points in a real Euclidean space are Euclidean invariants that are associated via the Cayley-Menger relations. These relations served multiple purposes such as generalising Heron's Formula, computing the content of a n-dimensional simplex, and ultimately determining if any real symmetric matrix is a Euclidean distance matrix in the field of Distance geometry.

History
Karl Menger was a young geometry professor at the University of Vienna and Arthur Cayley was a British mathematician who specialized in algebraic geometry. Menger extended Cayley's algebraic excellence to propose a new axiom of metric spaces using the concepts of distance geometry and relation of congruence, known as the Cayley–Menger determinant. This ended up generalising one of the first discoveries in distance geometry, Heron's formula, which computes the area of a triangle given its side lengths.

Definition
Let $A_0, A_1,\ldots, A_n$ be $$n+1$$ points in $$k $$-dimensional Euclidean space, with $$k \ge n$$. These points are the vertices of an n-dimensional simplex: a triangle when $$n = 2$$; a tetrahedron when $$n = 3$$, and so on. Let $d_{ij}$ be the Euclidean distances between vertices $$A_i$$ and $A_j$. The content, i.e. the n-dimensional volume of this simplex, denoted by $$v_n$$, can be expressed as a function of determinants of certain matrices, as follows:

\begin{align} v_n^2 & = \frac{1}{(n!)^2 2^n} \begin{vmatrix} 2d_{01}^2 & d_{01}^2 + d_{02}^2 - d_{12}^2 & \cdots & d_{01}^2 + d_{0n}^2 - d_{1n}^2 \\ d_{01}^2 + d_{02}^2 - d_{12}^2 & 2d_{02}^2 & \cdots & d_{02}^2 + d_{0n}^2 - d_{2n}^2 \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ d_{01}^2 + d_{0n}^2 - d_{1n}^2 & d_{02}^2 + d_{0n}^2 - d_{2n}^2 & \cdots & 2d_{0n}^2 \end{vmatrix} \\[10pt] & = \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{(n!)^2 2^n} \begin{vmatrix} 0 & d_{01}^2 & d_{02}^2 & \cdots & d_{0n}^2 & 1 \\ d_{01}^2 & 0 & d_{12}^2 & \cdots & d_{1n}^2 & 1 \\ d_{02}^2 & d_{12}^2 & 0 & \cdots & d_{2n}^2 & 1 \\ \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & \vdots \\ d_{0n}^2 & d_{1n}^2 & d_{2n}^2 & \cdots & 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 & \cdots & 1 & 0 \end{vmatrix}. \end{align} $$

This is the Cayley–Menger determinant. For $$n=2$$ it is a symmetric polynomial in the $$d_{ij} $$'s and is thus invariant under permutation of these quantities. This fails for $$n>2,$$ but it is always invariant under permutation of the vertices.

Except for the final row and column of 1s, the matrix in the second form of this equation is a Euclidean distance matrix.

2-Simplex
To reiterate, a simplex is an n-dimensional polytope and the convex hull of $$n+1$$ points which do not lie in any $$(n-1)$$ dimensional plane. Therefore, a 2-simplex occurs when $$n=2$$ and the simplex results in a triangle. Therefore, the formula for determining $$V_j^2$$ of a triangle is provided below:

$$-16\Delta^2 = \begin{vmatrix} 0 & 1 & 1 & 1\\ 1 & 0 & c^2 & b^2\\ 1 & c^2 & 0 & a^2\\ 1 & b^2 & a^2 & 0\\ \end{vmatrix} $$

As a result, the equation above presents the content of a 2-simplex (area of a planar triangle with side lengths $$a$$, $$b$$, and $$c$$) and it is a generalised form of Heron's Formula.

3-Simplex
Similarly, a 3-simplex occurs when $$n=3$$ and the simplex results in a tetrahedron. Therefore, the formula for determining $$V_j^2$$ of a tetrahedron is provided below:

$$288 V^2 = \begin{vmatrix} 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1\\ 1 & 0 & d_{12}^2 & d_{13}^2 & d_{14}^2\\ 1 & d_{21}^2 & 0 & d_{23}^2 & d_{24}^2\\ 1 & d_{31}^2 & d_{32}^2 & 0 & d_{34}^2\\ 1 & d_{41}^2 & d_{42}^2 & d_{43}^2 & 0\\ \end{vmatrix} $$

As a result, the equation above presents the content of a 3-simplex, which is the volume of a tetrahedron where the edge between vertices $$i$$ and $$j$$ has length $$d_{ij}$$.

Proof
Let the column vectors $A_0, A_1,\ldots, A_n$ be $$n+1$$ points in $$n$$-dimensional Euclidean space. Starting with the volume formula
 * $$v_n = \frac{1}{n!} \left| \det \begin{pmatrix}

A_0 & A_1 & \cdots & A_n \\ 1 &  1  & \cdots &  1 \end{pmatrix} \right|\,,$$ we note that the determinant is unchanged when we add an extra row and column to make an $$(n+2)\times(n+2)$$ matrix,
 * $$P = \begin{pmatrix}

A_0 & A_1 & \cdots & A_n & 0 \\ 1 &  1  & \cdots &  1  & 0 \\ \|A_0\|^2 & \|A_1\|^2 & \cdots & \|A_n\|^2 & 1 \end{pmatrix}\,,$$ where $$\|A_j\|^2$$ is the square of the length of the vector $$A_j$$. Additionally, we note that the $$(n+2)\times(n+2)$$ matrix
 * $$Q = \begin{pmatrix}

-2 & 0 & \cdots & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & -2 & \cdots & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & \vdots & \vdots \\ 0 & 0 & \cdots & -2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \cdots & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & \cdots & 0 & 1 & 0 \end{pmatrix}$$ has a determinant of $$(-2)^n(-1) = (-1)^{n+1} 2^n$$. Thus,
 * $$\det \begin{pmatrix}

0 & d_{01}^2 & d_{02}^2 & \cdots & d_{0n}^2 & 1 \\ d_{01}^2 & 0 & d_{12}^2 & \cdots & d_{1n}^2 & 1 \\ d_{02}^2 & d_{12}^2 & 0 & \cdots & d_{2n}^2 & 1 \\ \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & \vdots \\ d_{0n}^2 & d_{1n}^2 & d_{2n}^2 & \cdots & 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 & \cdots & 1 & 0 \end{pmatrix} = \det(P^T Q P) = \det(Q) \det(P)^2 = (-1)^{n+1} 2^n (n!)^2 v_n^2\,.$$

Example
In the case of $$n = 2 $$, we have that $$v_2 $$ is the area of a triangle and thus we will denote this by $$A $$. By the Cayley–Menger determinant, where the triangle has side lengths $$a$$, $$b$$ and $$c$$,

 * $$\begin{align}

16A^2 &= \begin{vmatrix} 2a^2 & a^2+b^2-c^2 \\ a^2+b^2-c^2 & 2b^2 \end{vmatrix} \\[8pt] &= 4a^2b^2 - (a^2+b^2-c^2)^2 \\[6pt] &= (a^2+b^2+c^2)^2 - 2(a^4+b^4+c^4) \\[6pt] &= (a+b+c)(a+b-c)(a-b+c)(-a+b+c) \end{align}$$

The result in the third line is due to the Fibonacci identity. The final line can be rewritten to obtain Heron's formula for the area of a triangle given three sides, which was known to Archimedes prior.

In the case of $$n=3$$, the quantity $$v_3$$ gives the volume of a tetrahedron, which we will denote by $$V$$. For distances between $$A_i$$ and $$A_j$$ given by $$d_{ij}$$, the Cayley–Menger determinant gives

 * $$\begin{align}

144V^2 = {} & \frac{1}{2} \begin{vmatrix} 2d_{01}^2 & d_{01}^2+d_{02}^2-d_{12}^2 & d_{01}^2+d_{03}^2-d_{13}^2 \\ d_{01}^2+d_{02}^2-d_{12}^2 & 2d_{02}^2 & d_{02}^2+d_{03}^2-d_{23}^2 \\ d_{01}^2+d_{03}^2-d_{13}^2 & d_{02}^2+d_{03}^2-d_{23}^2 & 2d_{03}^2 \end{vmatrix} \\[8pt] = {} & 4d_{01}^2 d_{02}^2 d_{03}^2 + (d_{01}^2+d_{02}^2-d_{12}^2)(d_{01}^2+d_{03}^2-d_{13}^2)(d_{02}^2+d_{03}^2-d_{23}^2) \\[6pt] & {} -d_{01}^2(d_{02}^2+d_{03}^2-d_{23}^2)^2 - d_{02}^2(d_{01}^2+d_{03}^2-d_{13}^2)^2 - d_{03}^2(d_{01}^2+d_{02}^2-d_{12}^2)^2. \end{align}$$

Finding the circumradius of a simplex
Given a nondegenerate n-simplex, it has a circumscribed n-sphere, with radius $$r$$. Then the (n + 1)-simplex made of the vertices of the n-simplex and the center of the n-sphere is degenerate. Thus, we have

\begin{vmatrix} 0 & r^2 & r^2 & r^2 & \cdots & r^2 & 1 \\ r^2 & 0 & d_{01}^2 & d_{02}^2 & \cdots & d_{0n}^2 & 1 \\ r^2 & d_{01}^2 & 0 & d_{12}^2 & \cdots & d_{1n}^2 & 1 \\ r^2 & d_{02}^2 & d_{12}^2 & 0 & \cdots & d_{2n}^2 & 1 \\ \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & \vdots \\ r^2 & d_{0n}^2 & d_{1n}^2 & d_{2n}^2 & \cdots & 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & \cdots & 1 & 0 \end{vmatrix} = 0 $$

In particular, when $$ n = 2 $$, this gives the circumradius of a triangle in terms of its edge lengths.

Set Classifications
From these determinants, we also have the following classifications:

Straight
A set Λ (with at least three distinct elements) is called straight if and only if, for any three elements A, B, and C of Λ,

 * $$ \det \begin{bmatrix}

0 & d(AB)^2 & d(AC)^2 & 1 \\ d(AB)^2 &   0    & d(BC)^2 & 1 \\ d(AC)^2 & d(BC)^2 &      0 & 1 \\ 1 &      1 &       1 & 0 \end{bmatrix} = 0 $$

Plane
A set Π (with at least four distinct elements) is called plane if and only if, for any four elements A, B, C and D of Π,

 * $$ \det \begin{bmatrix}

0 & d(AB)^2 & d(AC)^2 & d(AD)^2 & 1 \\ d(AB)^2 &   0    & d(BC)^2 & d(BD)^2 & 1 \\ d(AC)^2 & d(BC)^2 &      0 & d(CD)^2 & 1 \\ d(AD)^2 & d(BD)^2 & d(CD)^2 &      0 & 1 \\ 1 &      1 &       1 & 1       & 0 \end{bmatrix} = 0 $$ but not all triples of elements of Π are straight to each other;

Flat
A set Φ (with at least five distinct elements) is called flat if and only if, for any five elements A, B, C, D and E of Φ,

 * $$ \det \begin{bmatrix}

0 & d(AB)^2 & d(AC)^2 & d(AD)^2 & d(AE)^2 & 1 \\ d(AB)^2 &   0    & d(BC)^2 & d(BD)^2 & d(BE)^2 & 1 \\ d(AC)^2 & d(BC)^2 &      0 & d(CD)^2 & d(CE)^2 & 1 \\ d(AD)^2 & d(BD)^2 & d(CD)^2 &      0 & d(DE)^2 & 1 \\ d(AE)^2 & d(BE)^2 & d(CE)^2 & d(DE)^2 &      0 & 1 \\ 1 &      1 &       1 & 1       &       1 & 0 \end{bmatrix} = 0 $$

but not all quadruples of elements of Φ are plane to each other; and so on.

Menger's Theorem
Karl Menger made a further discovery after the development of the Cayley–Menger determinant, which became known as Menger's Theorem. The theorem states:

 * A semimetric $$\rho: A \times A \rightarrow \mathbb{R}_{\geq0}$$ is Euclidean of dimension n if and only if all Cayley-Menger determinants on $$n+1$$ points is strictly positive, all determinants on $$n+2$$ points vanish, and a Cayley-Menger determinant on at least one set of $$n+3$$ points is nonnegative (in which case it is necessarily zero).

In simpler terms, if every subset of $$n+2$$ points can be isometrically embedded in an $$n-$$ but not generally $$(n-1)-$$dimensional Euclidean space, then the semimetric is Euclidean of dimension $$n$$ unless $$A$$ consists of exactly $$n+3$$ points and the Cayley–Menger determinant on those $$n+3$$ points is strictly negative. This type of semimetric would be classified pseudo-Euclidean.

Realization of a Euclidean distance matrix
Given the Cayley-Menger relations as explained above, the following section will bring forth two algorithms to decide whether a given matrix is a distance matrix corresponding to a Euclidean point set. The first algorithm will do so when given a matrix AND the dimension, $$d$$, via a geometric constraint solving algorithm. The second algorithm does so when the dimension, $$d$$, is not provided. This algorithm theoretically finds a realization of the full $$n \times n$$ Euclidean distance matrix in the smallest possible embedding dimension in quadratic time.

Theorem (d is given)
For the sake and context of the following theorem, algorithm, and example, slightly different notation will be used than before resulting in an altered formula for the volume of the $$ n-1 $$ dimensional simplex below than above.

 * Theorem. An $$ n \times n $$ matrix $$ \Delta $$ is a Euclidean Distance Matrix if and only if for all $$ k \times k $$ submatrices $$ S $$ of $$ \Delta $$, where $$ k \leq n $$, $$ \det (\hat{\delta _S}) \geq 0 $$. For $$ \Delta $$ to have a realization in dimension $$ d $$, if $$ |S| = k \geq d + 2 $$, then $$ \det (\hat{\delta _S}) = 0 $$.

As stated before, the purpose to this theorem comes from the following algorithm for realizing a Euclidean Distance Matrix or a Gramian Matrix.

Algorithm

 * Input
 * Euclidean Distance Matrix $$ \Delta $$ or Gramian Matrix $$ \Gamma $$.

 * Output
 * Pointset $$ P $$

 * Procedure

 * If the dimension $$ d $$ is fixed, we can solve a system of polynomial equations, one for each inner product entry of $$ \Gamma $$, where the variables are the coordinates of each point $$ p_1, ..., p_n $$ in the desired dimension $$d$$.
 * Otherwise, we can solve for one point at a time.
 * Solve for the coordinates of $$ p_k $$ using its distances to all previously placed points $$ p_1, ..., p_{k-1} $$. Thus, $$ p_k $$ is represented by at most $$ k - 1 $$ coordinate values, ensuring minimum dimension and complexity.

Example
Let each point $$ p_k $$ have coordinates $$ {p^1_k, p^2_k, ...} $$. To place the first three points:

 * 1) Put $$ p_1 $$ at the origin, so $$ p_1 = {0,0,...} $$.
 * 2) Put $$ p_2 $$ on the first axis, so $$ p_2 = {(\delta_{12})^2, 0, ...} $$.
 * 3) To place $$ p_3 $$:

$$ \begin{cases} (p^1_1 - p^1_3)^2 + (p^2_1 - p^2_3)^2 = (\delta_{13})^2\\ (p^1_2 - p^1_3)^2 + (p^2_2 - p^2_3)^2 = (\delta_{23})^2 \end{cases} $$ $$ \rightarrow \begin{cases} p^1_3 = \frac{(\delta_{12})^2 + (\delta_{13})^2 - (\delta_{23})^2}{2 \delta_{12}}\\ p^2_3 = \frac{\sqrt{(\delta_{31} + \delta_{32} + \delta_{12})(\delta_{31} + \delta_{32} - \delta_{12})(\delta_{31} - \delta_{32} + \delta_{12})(- \delta_{31} + \delta_{32} + \delta_{12})}}{2 \delta_{01}} \end{cases} $$

In order to find a realization using the above algorithm, the discriminant of the distance quadratic system must be positive, which is equivalent to $$ \Delta p_1p_2p_3 $$ having positive volume. In general, the volume of the $$ n-1 $$ dimensional simplex formed by the $$ n $$ vertices is given by

$$ V^{2}_{n-1} = \frac{(-1)^{n}}{2^{n-1} (n-1!)^{2}} \det (\hat{\Delta}) $$.

In this formula above, $$\det (\hat{\Delta}) $$ is the Cayley–Menger determinant. This volume being positive is equivalent to the determinant of the volume matrix being positive.

Theorem (d not given)
Let K be a positive integer and D be a n × n symmetric hollow matrix with nonnegative elements, with n ≥ 2. D is a Euclidean distance matrix with dim(D) = K if and only if there exist $$\{x_i\}_{i=1}^n \subseteq \mathbb{R}^K$$ and an index set I = $$\{i_1,...,i_{K+1}\} \subseteq I_n $$ such that

 * $$\begin{cases}

x_i = 0 \\ x_{i_j} (j -1) \ne 0, & \mbox{ }  j \in I_{2,K+1} \\ x_{i_j} (i) = 0, & \mbox{ }  j \in I_{2,K}, i \in I_{j,K},

\end{cases} $$

where $$\{x_i\}_{i=1}^n$$ realizes D, where $$x_h(l)$$ denotes the $$l^{th}$$ component of the $$h^{th}$$ vector. The extensive proof of this theorem can be found at the following reference.

Algorithm - K = edmsph(D, x)
Source:

$$I = \{1,2\}$$ $$K = 1$$ $$(x_1, x_2) = (0, \sqrt{D_{12}})$$ $$\text{for i} \in \{3,...,n\}\text{ do}$$

 * Γ $$ = \bigcap_{j \in I} S^K(x_j, D_{ij})$$
 * if Γ $$ = $$ ∅; then
 * return ∞
 * else if Γ $$ = \{p_i\} \text{ } then $$
 * $$x_i = p_i $$
 * else if Γ$$ = \{p_i^+, p_i^-\} \text{ } then $$
 * $$ x_i = p_i^+ $$
 * $$x$$ ← expand($$x$$)
 * I ← I ∪ {i}
 * K ← K + 1
 * else
 * error: dim aff(span($$x_j$$)) < K - 1
 * end if

end for return K

title: Cayley–Menger determinant


text:
User talk:Gwhite~enwiki

Do not violate No personal attacks. — Lomn | Talk / RfC 18:39, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Gwhite. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Gwhite~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:22, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:33, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gwhite~enwiki


text: User talk:71.241.174.77

title: User talk:71.241.174.77


text:
Barakat ibn Umar Din

Barakāt ibn ʿUmar Dīn (بركات بن عمر الدين), reigned 1555–1559, was a nominal sultan of the Sultanate of Adal in the Horn of Africa. A son of Umar Din ((r. 1526 – 1553)) and a brother of Ali ibn Umar Din ((r. 1553 – 1555)), he was the last known member of the Walashma dynasty to rule Adal.

In 1555, Barakat and Ali Jamal ibn al-Imam Ahmad led an army into Dawaro with the intent of taking it from the Ethiopians. However, he was defeated by the Governor of Dawaro. When Nur ibn Mujahid invaded the Ethiopian Empire in 1559, sultan Barakat held Harar against the army of Hamalmal, who had been sent there by his cousin, Emperor Gelawdewos. Dejazmatch Hamalmal and Ras Fasil killed him and sacked the city.

title: Barakat ibn Umar Din


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-10-10/News and notes

French contributor dies
Treanna passed away on 18 September 2005. With over 30,000 edits, of which about 25,000 were in article space in just two years, Treanna was the most active contributor of the French Wikipédia. Aged 31, he had just started to contribute again after a coronary incident which had landed him in the hospital in July. The french speaking community was informed of his condition thanks to one of his sisters, Anne, by email and on this page, throughout the summer. Treanna will be remembered as a great contributor in all domains, but especially in the domains of history, archeology, genealogy, palaeography and related topics. The French Wikipedia community has decided to honour him in working together on a WikiReader about the Middle Ages, a part of Wikipédia to which he has greatly contributed. According to Myriam, his youngest sister, the WikiReader could "help us, his family, to better realise the extent of what he knew and loved to share... the knowledge he did not have time to teach us". Many contributors have expressed their condolences to the family here.

Article rescue contest
An "article rescue contest", modeled after Danny's contest, has started. The goal is to salvage articles nominated on AFD that otherwise would get little attention, and that merit an article. Entries can either be rewrites of kept articles, or recreations of deleted articles with significant new information. The deadline for entries is 23:59 UTC on 22 October.

Esperanza update
Esperanza, the new community group within Wikipedia (see archived story), has enacted sweeping changes and initiated Advisory Committee elections. The group, which has faced some controversy for its perceived bureaucratic-style setup, has focused on welcoming new users, and helping out users dealing with WikiStress. Redwolf24 says of the group, "The number one benefit I personally have gotten from Esperanza is that I've made a lot of new friends. It's a pretty fun, rather fraternal community."

Wikiversity vote continues
The Wikiversity project, which currently resides on Wikibooks, started a vote on 15 September to move to wikiversity.org, which currently hosts a near-dormant German Wikiversity project. The vote will remain open until 1 November. Currently, the vote is about 69% in favor of the project (a two-thirds majority and board approval is required to start a project beta period).

Briefly

 * The Croatian Wikipedia has reached 10,000 articles.
 * The German Wikipedia has reached 300,000 articles.
 * The Waray-Waray Wikipedia has reached 100 articles, about 10 days after being created.
 * The Friulian Wikipedia has reached 100 articles.


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-10-10/In the news

Wales joins Socialtext board of directors
The Socialtext wiki company announced on Monday, October 3 that Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales had joined Tim Draper, Joi Ito, and Ross Mayfield on the Socialtext board of directors.

Sergey Brin lecture
Sergey Brin, multi-billionaire co-founder of Google, was a surprise guest speaker at UC Berkeley associate professor Marti Hearst's "Search Engines: Technology, Society, and Business" class on Monday, October 3. He remarked on Wikipedia: "This is a simple idea – one you would assume would not work, but it does, One reason is scale: it taps the power and potential of a global audience." (press release, link to video)

American national radio show
Newspaper columnist and radio commentator Craig Crossman recently interviewed Jimmy Wales on his nationally syndicated radio talk show on computers. On October 6, he wrote New Wikipedia truly the ‘encyclopedia of the people’, a glowing review of the site and a discussion of the ease of editing an article about his talk show, Computer America, while that show was on the air.

Article quality criticisms
Wikipedia was the center of a blog discussion started by Nicholas Carr (see related story).

A related discussion on "Nitpicking Wikipedia's Vulnerabilities" was started by editor CowboyNeal on Slashdot on October 6.

Wikipedia eats Google?
Sunir Shah posted on the Socialtext website on September 30 about the increasing dominance of Wikipedia in Google search results. This prompted a flurry of blog responses, some critical of Shah's conclusions, including Steve Rubel, Brad Hill, and Elliott Back.


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-10-10/Arbitration report

The Arbitration Committee closed two cases this week; one against User:Cool Cat (a.k.a. Coolcat), and another against Yuber and Guy Montag.

Cool Cat
A case against Cool Cat has closed. The ruling prohibits Cool Cat from mediating or restructuring talk pages, and puts him in a one year mentorship. Complaints about Cool Cat's ineffective informal mediation came about when he unsuccessfully tried to mediate a number of articles where he had an editing dispute. Mark Ryan, Tony Sidaway, and MacGyverMagic will be his mentors. Davenbelle, Stereotek (a.k.a. Karl Meier), and Fadix were warned to let other users handle disputes with Cool Cat; they had been criticized for wiki-stalking.

Yuber/Guy Montag
A case against Yuber and Guy Montag has closed. The dispute was mainly over articles involving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Both users were put on one year probation. In addition, Yuber was restricted to editing only under that account, and Guy Montag was banned from Israeli-Palestinian conflict-related articles for three months. Jayjg was also warned against edit warring.

Other cases
Cases against -Ril- (user page), an IP dubbed DotSix, 12.144.5.2 (user page, a.k.a. Louis Epstein), Rktect (user page), DreamGuy (user page), Ultramarine (user page), Keetowah (user page), Maoririder (user page), Onefortyone (user page), BigDaddy777 (user page), Zephram Stark (user page), and numerous editors on Bogdanov Affair are in the evidence phase.

Cases against Stevertigo (user page), Rainbowwarrior1977 (user page), and Instantnood (user page) are in the voting phase.


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-10-24/Wikimania

After delaying their decision for a week, the Wikimania planning committee made its choice between two cities as potential hosts for Wikimania 2006. In a narrow vote, Boston was picked over Toronto, the other finalist bid.

The decision was announced on Saturday by Delphine Ménard, Chapter Coordinator for the Wikimedia Foundation. The vote was 5-4 in favor of Boston, with one member of the panel abstaining. The jury to select the host site originally had 11 members, including the Board of Trustees and the team that put together Wikimania 2005. Of the latter group, however, sj withdrew from the panel because he was organizing the Boston bid.

Boston and Toronto had been chosen as finalists earlier this month (see archived story). They beat out bids from London and Milan in the first round of the competition. For the final deliberations, sj's place on the jury was taken by Fuzheado.

Strengths and weaknesses
The Boston bid benefited from having a sizable group of local people who are active on Wikimedia projects. It also took advantage of the prestige of Harvard University, where the conference will be held at the Berkman Center for Internet & Society. Exact dates for Wikimania will be set later, once arrangements are finalized for scheduling the venue. It will happen sometime during the summer in any case; the bid gave dates ranging from 21 June to 21 August as possibilities.

One point of particular concern has been the difficulties people attending from other countries might experience with US customs officials. This was cited by a number of people as a reason they might not attend if the conference were held in Boston. However, sj pointed out that these issues could easily apply for travel into Canada as well. At least two people attending Wikimania in Germany this year also had similar problems. In an attempt to allay fears, the Boston organizing team has been laying groundwork with State Department officials on the process of obtaining visas.

The Toronto organizing team congratulated Boston on their victory, while remaining proud of their accomplishments. SimonP, who helped organize the bid, observed that the process helped increase local interest, adding also, "The momentum for this bid could be translated into setting up a Canadian Wikimedia chapter". He doubted that a bid for 2007 would be forthcoming, indicating his opinion that Wikimania would likely return to Europe, but held out hope for future years.


text:
User talk:Treeclimber

I am entering a science fair

my project is on the aerodynamics of birds Any web sites that might help?

ps:  I need Quick Results!!!

--Treeclimber 18:40, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Treeclimber


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Maria Flor

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. — J I P | Talk 04:56, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Maria Flor
Not notable. There are dozens of young actress just like her in Brazil. Abu Badali 20:21, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per nomination. - Abu Badali 20:21, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Maria Flor is a notable Brazilian actress, as she is the star of the movie O Diabo a Quatro . A not notable actress never would achieve a star role in a cinema movie. Her role in the movie Quase Dois Irmãos is also important for that movie, see this movie review, explaining Maria Flor's role and the IMDB link. Also, she had notable roles in both Malhação and Cabocla. So, the article should not be deleted. Regards, Carioca 21:36, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep star actress. I'm sure there are "dozens of young actress" like her in Brazil.  But, there are 186 million people in Brazil, and a large number of actresses (lots more than "dozens").  So if, as the nominator suggests, she's among mere "dozens", that wouldn't be bad at all.  Anyhow, I'm basing my vote on imdb, which seems to back up the article.    --rob 23:37, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per IMDb. As a rule, check IMDb before afd'ing anything to do with film.  They were a movie-pedia before there was a wikipedia, bless them. Xoloz 05:46, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per IMDb. She is a well-known actress in Brazil. PMLF 20:22, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:82.10.248.232

title: User talk:82.10.248.232


text: User talk:Danius

title: User talk:Danius


text: User talk:206.207.175.155

title: User talk:206.207.175.155


text:
1999 Kettering Borough Council election

Elections to Kettering Borough Council were held on 6 May 1999. The whole council was up for election and boundary changes had taken place since the last election in 1995. The Labour Party lost its overall majority, the council coming under no overall control.

Election result

 * }

title: 1999 Kettering Borough Council election


text:
User talk:Paul-Klenk~enwiki

Your account will be renamed
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Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Paul-Klenk. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Paul-Klenk~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 17:27, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Paul-Klenk~enwiki


text:
Hyundai 4.5 to 5-ton truck

The Hyundai 4.5 to 5-ton truck (hangul:현대4.5톤・5톤트럭) is a line of medium-duty commercial vehicles by Hyundai Motor Company. The range was primarily available in cargo and dump truck. Its model truck name is 'Hyundai' and 'Hyundai Mitsubishi Fuso'.

Most medium-duty truck models are distinguishable by a front 'Hyundai Truck' badge, but the common Hyundai, and Mitsubishi Fuso badge is usually used on the rear.

In Japan, Asia-Pacific, Mid-East, Africa, South America, its principal competitors are Kia Rhino.

Models
Hyundai 4.5ton & 5ton Truck is a name used by Hyundai Motor Company in commercial vehicle of trucks for two related models.

 * Hyundai 4.5 to 5-ton Truck: a cargo truck (flatbed truck/box truck) & dump truck, Designed by Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation. Manufacture period: 1990–1995. Rebadged by Mitsubishi Fuso Fighter.
 * Hyundai 4.5 to 5-ton Truck New Model: a cargo truck & dump truck, Designed by Hyundai Motor Company and Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation. Manufacture period: 1994–1997.
 * 4.5 ton Cargo
 * 4.5 ton Dump
 * 5 ton Cargo
 * 5 ton Dump

title: Hyundai 4.5 to 5-ton truck


text:
User talk:Yelgrun

DS9
If you want to create or work on a already existing article, please use sandbox or the preview button, do not create an identical/ new page. Wikipedia's space is limited. Go Niners!Gator(talk) 18:30, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, space-wise I don't think it would be any different than creating it in a sandbox page under my own name, but point taken. I'll do that next time if I want to make extensive changes like that; I don't trust the main sandbox because there are so many people on Wikipedia. Thanks for the heads up. :-) Yelgrun 00:59, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:ST Experience Quarks.jpg
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Unspecified source for Image:STDS9_cast_season_5-6.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:STDS9_cast_season_5-6.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 16:26, 24 July 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Abu badali (talk) 16:26, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

Replaceable fair use Image:ST_Experience_Quarks.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:ST_Experience_Quarks.jpg. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:

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If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that fair use images which could be replaced by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted 7 days after this notification, per our Fair Use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Abu badali (talk) 16:30, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

Image:Phosphoric_acid.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Phosphoric_acid.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Abu badali (talk) 16:32, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

Image:STDS9 cast season 5-6.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:STDS9 cast season 5-6.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Ejfetters 23:08, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yelgrun


text:
User talk:Slango

No good is likely to come from what you write here.

Severin photo
The Severin / Jay Piques blogger photo is mine. It can be used and distributed freely.

Replaceable fair use Image:Jay-severin.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Jay-severin.jpg. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:

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 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

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title: User talk:Slango


text:
Pulikla Tribe of Yurok People

The Pulikla Tribe of Yurok People, located just south of Klamath, California, is a federally recognized tribe of Yurok people.

Their reservation is entirely surrounded by the Yurok Indian Reservation.

In 1938, the US government purchased 228 acres from a man named Augustus Resighini. This land became a reservation in 1939. In 1975, members formed a tribal government that was approved by the Secretary of Interior.

Name
The Pulikla Tribe of Yurok People changed its name from Resighini Rancheria in 2024. Pulikla means "downriver people." Previously, the tribe had been named Coast Indian Community of Yurok Indians of the Resighini Rancheria.

Tribal government
The tribal government was formed in 1975 and is headquartered in Klamath, California. They are governed by a democratically elected, five-member tribal council. The general membership serves on boards, committees, commissions, and corporations to assist the tribal council.

The current Tribal Council is as follows:

 * Chairperson: Fawn Che-gere Murphy
 * Vice Chairperson: Moonchay Kari Dowd
 * Secretary: Frank Spa-ghe Dowd
 * Treasurer: Rhonda Dowd
 * Councilmember: Kathy Dowd

In 2003, the Resighini Rancheria established a tribal court to oversee criminal offenses as well as regulatory procedures regarding fishing and wildlife.

Cultural life
Resighini Rancheria tribal members participate in traditional dances, such as the Brush Dance, as well as the Jump Dance and White Deer Skin Dance.

The Brush Dance is a ceremony held to heal a sick child or to pray for a long, healthy life for the child. Families come together around a dance pit, beginning on a Wednesday, where the medicine doctor, the child, and the child's family begin. Actual dancing begins on Thursday evening with two dances. Both females and males dance.

The Jump Dance, revived in 1984, lasts for 10 days. The dance is held to prevent sickness, to bring happiness, and to restore balance in the universe. The dancers wear elaborate outfits, including headdresses with 70 redheaded woodpecker scalps. In addition to the headdress, the dancers also wear dentalia shell necklaces and a deerskin skirt, and they carry a Jump Dance basket in the right hand.

The White Deerskin Dance is generally held around the same time as the Jump Dance. Canoes are used to transport dances. It seems dancers carry poles with deer heads draped by deerskins. This dance provides protection to the people. This dance was also recently revived.

Tribal members also engage in traditional storytelling and traditions of gathering seaweed, mussels, and other marine resources for basket making and subsistence fishing for salmon, trout, eel, and other species.

Fishing controversy
The Resighini Rancheria is completely enclosed within the Yurok Reservation. As a result, fishing conflicts have arisen with the Yurok Tribe of the Yurok Reservation, the largest in California with 6,311 members. The Yurok Tribe claims jurisdiction over Pulikla lands and interferes with tribal members’ ability to fish at the Klamath River. In May 2016, the Yurok Tribe filed a federal lawsuit to stop Pulikla citizens from gillnet fishing off of the Klamath River. According to the Yurok Tribe, in 1991, the Hoopa-Yurok Settlement Act divided lands into the Yurok and the Hoopa reservations. The Resighini Rancheria was offered the option of joining the Yurok Tribe to have access to Yurok lands and fishing. Instead, the tribal members opted for a payout of $15,000 per person. The Yurok Tribe argues that the Resighini gave up their fishing rights when they made this agreement. The Resighini members argue that they retained their fishing rights and that the Yurok Tribe are unjustly interfering with their land and water use. The Yurok Tribe further argue that they are in the midst of a massive conservation effort, and the Resighini are interfering in their attempts to save the fish in the Klamath River.

Population
A resident population of 36 persons was reported during the 2000 census. The 2020 US Census showed a slight increase, with a population of 39.

Education
The ranchería is served by the Del Norte County Unified School District.

title: Pulikla Tribe of Yurok People


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/George Galloway/archive1

George Galloway
—Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.68.150.220 (talk • contribs) 18:43, October 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support yeah it should be, why not

 * Object. There is too much doubt about the status of the images. The first relies on a dubious fair use claim (the article is not about the TV programme); then the second is a "not for commercial use" photo uploaded after 19 May 2005; and then another fair use one. Stephen Turner 19:40, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It should be easy enough to get overt permission to use an image of Galloway. He just did a speaking tour of the U.S., and there were plenty of publicity materials. -- Jmabel | Talk 05:04, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The newsnight screenshot has been replaced by a picture taken from election publicity.--JK the unwise 13:01, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Object . It's quite close, but it needs more on his time as a Labour MP - I remember him winning debating contests in the House of Commons, and he must have done something else during those years.  It should also mention his position against taking an average worker's wage as this has been a major bone of contention for some socialist groups, although that's quite a minor thing. Warofdreams talk 13:39, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral. I've added the average workers wage information and a little more on his time as a Labour MP, but that section still looks a bit short. Rethinking the structure as per Worldtraveller's comment might also be wise. Warofdreams talk 09:49, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Amazing how stable it is for such as controvercial bloke. I'm sure some more free photo's can be found. It would be nice if we could find some more copyright appropreate photo's but including images is not a prerequisite for a featured article.--JK the unwise 18:43, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support u cant fault the content though, it seems pretty thorough. -- LJ
 * Object for the moment - there's lots of great content but the sructure seems awkward to me. Would be better arranged more chronologically, and the sub-sub-subsectioning is a bit much.  John Malkovich and the Muslim/Progressive alliance sections are too short and should be merged into the rest of the text.  I think it also needs less emphasis on recent years and more about what he was doing in the 80s and early 90s.  There are also some POV issues, for example In the speech, Galloway clearly is addressing Saddam in support of his fight against U.N. sanctions. Worldtraveller 12:04, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Very complete and well written article, but perhaps too detailed and too long - it is currenty 55kb which is about twice the recommended length. The level of detail particularly in sections 4 and 5 is distracting for casual readers. I think that much of this material should be moved to dedicated daughter articles, such as Corruption allegations against George Galloway. On the issue of images, we could try politely emailing Mr Galloway's office on press@respectcoalition.org and ask for copyright free images. I have tried this approach in the past and I usually get a favourable response. Seabhcán 18:19, 21 October 2005 (UTC)


text: User:Paul-Klenk~enwiki

title: User:Paul-Klenk~enwiki


text:
User talk:Ten miles til midnight

Hello,

Standard wikipedia style is Pyxis (constellation) (small-c, not Constellation). Also, if one meaning is considerably more used than the others, it would get to be Pyxis and the others would be linked at Pyxis (disambiguation). I'm not familiar with the Greek pot. -- Curps 18:44, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

We don't currently even have a separate article for the Greek pottery, but we do have lots of incoming links to Pyxis for the constellation. I would argue that the constellation is the most prominent usage, and have moved it back for now. We could get more feedback at Requested moves if you still wish to propose the move. -- Curps 18:49, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Okay, I see you have created Pyxis (pottery) now. I've added it to Pyxis (disambiguation). -- Curps 18:55, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

On the Pottery of Ancient Greece page, there is a list of types of ancient Greek pottery. Pyxis is one of the types listed, but the link takes you to the constellation page, hence the reason I thought there should be a way to differentiate between the two meanings of pyxis.

 * Yes, but this can be disambiguated by linking to Pyxis (pottery) as you did. There are two cases: where one meaning greatly overshadows all others it gets the unadorned "X" title and the others are "X (foo)", "X (bar)", etc. and are linked to at "X (disambiguation)".  Where multiple meanings have comparable prominence, then the page at "X" becomes the disambiguation page.  See for instance London, London (disambiguation) vs. Mercury.  Each one has to be decided on a case-by-case basis, and sometimes Requested moves is used to gather feedback or try to reach a consensus on a particular case. -- Curps 21:33, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Courage & Patience & Grit.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Courage & Patience & Grit.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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title: User talk:Ten miles til midnight


text:
User talk:Leastsaint

Welcome to Wikipedia
Your comments on the Evangelicalism talk page show your potential as a great Wikipedia editor. I hope you will stay. Gotta love that username too! Pollinator 18:46, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Leastsaint


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Quagmire Solutions

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:34, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Quagmire Solutions
Non-notable web design company. Quale 18:45, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nary an attempt to establish notability.--Isotope23 19:21, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete spam, borderline speedy. —Cryptic (talk) 07:46, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:72.49.54.77

title: User talk:72.49.54.77


text:
Roosevelt Freeway

The Roosevelt Freeway can refer to one of several roads:

 * FDR Drive in New York City
 * Roosevelt Freeway (Oregon), a project in Eugene, Oregon, which was cancelled in 1978

title: Roosevelt Freeway


text:
The Blind Watchmaker (album)

The Blind Watchmaker is an album by Mana ERG, released on 15 June 2004. It builds on Mana ERG's ideas of coalescing forms of techno, drum 'n' bass, experimental and electronic ambient into a collage of modern music. Produced and recorded by Bruno de Angelis, contributors to the CD include Joe Erber (piano / guitar), Tiberio (guitars), and Lee Stacey (drum loops). Guest contributors who did some electronic arranging for The Blind Watchmaker include Russian composer Artemiy Artemiev and contemporary electronic creator Dieter Moebius (originally with the band Kluster).

Personnel

 * Bruno De Angelis - Writer / Recording / Producer / Programming / Vocals / Keys / Guitar
 * Martin Bowes - Mastering
 * Artemiy Artemiev - Composition
 * Deborah Roberts - Vocals
 * Tiberio - Guitars
 * Joe Erber - Piano
 * Antonym - Composition
 * Nihm - Didgeridoo / Synth
 * Dieter Moebius - Synths
 * Lee Stacey - Drum Programming

title: The Blind Watchmaker (album)


text: Category:Scottish criminals

title: Category:Scottish criminals