text:
User talk:Harmil/Archive 02

Archive of User talk:Harmil for the month of August 2005. -17:32, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

TODO
This is my personal TODO list, but feel free to add comments below in a new section with regard to my planned projects, and/or take any of this on for yourself if you feel you have something to contribute.
 * Fix ambiguous and/or incorrect referneces to decades such as "in the early 1900s" which should actually be "in the early 20th century" or even "in the early 1900s"
 * Script - The disambiguation page is fine, but there apparently used to be a Script (performing arts), which went away and is now a redirect. A good treatment of what a dialog/direction script is, and how it's structured would be good. I have some thoughts on that.
 * Camera diet - User talk:Harmil lists some thoughts on the nature of the word, "script" in this article. I should see if I can figure out what it's all about and update, clean up the article.
 * Ongoing work on User:Harmil/Indian Entities, the complete list of all United States-recognized Indian Tribal Entities in 49 states.

Thx
Thanks for your corrections and expansion on the Wanda Gertz article. :)--Witkacy 22:18, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

The rest of the edit== ==

Hi Harmil,

Since I have proved without a shadow of a doubt that the JPS incedent was not the first time that heteronormativity was in the public eye, could you go over the rest of the proposed edit that I made and see if you find anything else that you believe is not NPOV. Your comment on my post was only in reference to the point that it was 'one of the most well known' instances, but you didn't address the rest.

I'm not sure if that was just because you were concentrating on that point, or didn't see any other issues. If its the later, please let me know... or just insert the edit.

Though if it makes you feel better that FNN quote took me for-freaking-ever to find. And I had a jaw-drop when I did... because I know you don't particularly like that comment either, but felt that it was necessary for scrupulous NPOV. So I did a little happy-dance for both of us. ;) NickGorton 22:59, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

Dyke
I notcied your Dyke contribution. It is a really common mistake, but on diambiguation pages: All of this info is at Manual of Style (disambiguation pages). --Commander Keane 05:09, August 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * links should not be piped
 * extra links should not be added unless needed
 * dictionary defintions are not included

Okay-
Okay, but I'm reverting the page... Michael 15:07, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Authentic Matthew the sequel
The POV that was in Authentic Matthew, an article you voted to delete, before it was NPOVed has been re-created at a new article - see Votes for deletion/The Original Gospel of Matthew. ( ! | ? | * ) 20:14, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

PL/I

 * I am of the opinion that Burrough's Algol was before PL/I (compiler written in its own language)
 * (and Burrough's PLI for the B6700 was written in Algol)
 * --ClemMcGann 13:13, 5 August 2005 (UTC)
 * This was discussed last year on alt.folklore.computers, have a look at  and seach for the string "Suspect Algol on Burroughs mainframes might have compiled itself first"  Or go to message 164 - regards --ClemMcGann 16:21, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi Harmil. If its ok with you, could we continue this at Talk:PL/I I have taken the liberty of copying our postings to date there, regards --ClemMcGann 01:14, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

New Bedford image
Ya, I've never been found of images on the left, as they tend to make reading feel a bit akward. I guess it stems from the fact that we read English print from left to right. Whatever it is, it looks more professional IMO (can't remember ever seeing a professional website use images on the left in their news articles), and at least I find it more readable that way. But I'm not complaining about alternation or anything like that. :) -- LGagnon 23:40, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

About chobot.
It is strange. Chobot is a simple interwikibot. The first change is done by Chobot. But the second one is not. I think it is a problem on the log of wikipedia. -- ChongDae 21:09, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

Syrian terrorism
I would like to develop an article on this. There is one on Israeli terrorism so I think it's not necessary to redirect it, if that's OK with you. Coqsportif 15:56, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

Good point, I have a lot of material I want to add to make it a proper article. For convenience I'll do that in the article itself intitially which I'll knock into shape over the next hour or so. A Google search shows no shortage of material, I'm just trying to make sense of it all. Coqsportif 16:07, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

Coqsportif
Aloha. User:Coqsportif has never claimed to live in Hawaii. He merely copied the category from my user page during his recent trolling. I'm removing the category from his user page since it's only for Wikipedians who live in Hawaii. Finally, Coqsportif has admitted that he does not live in Hawaii on my talk page. Whether or not he has lived there in the past is still under debate. The category is for Wikipedians who live there presently and he admits that he does not. --Viriditas | Talk 12:26, 10 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not disputing the user's claim -- Coqsportif has admitted that he does not live in Hawaii. So, why is the category on his user page? You may be interested in visiting Administrators%27_noticeboard/Incidents --Viriditas  | Talk 12:45, 10 August 2005 (UTC)
 * There's noting absurd about the fact that Coqsportif has been trolling Wikipedia (he's a disruptive sockpuppet) and that much of what he writes is based on provoking responses by the users that he trolls. This means that much of what he writes indeed indicates something other than what it is.   I'm sorry that you're not aware of it, but I've given you the link above.  Perhaps you haven't had much experience dealing with these kinds of trolls, but I have.  In any case, I will let his little charade play itself out without removing the category, even though he has explicitly stated that he does not live in Hawaii nor does he seem familiar with the names of the islands or town in which he was allegedly born. --Viriditas  | Talk 13:03, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Thank you Harmil for your assistance. Hopefully the maatter has concluded. Coqsportif 13:07, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

copyvios
Concerning this recent edit of yours: It is not necessary to request speedy of an article that you already tagged as a copyvio. As per our criteria for speedy deletion, "copyright problems are not candidates for speedy deletion unless they meet one of the above criteria." Thanks. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 05:04, 11 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Also, whenever you tag an article as a copyvio, don't forget to list that page on Copyright problems too. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 05:10, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

Tanadgusix Corporation
Hi Harmil, thanks for your kind words & comments about the Tanadgusix Corporation article. Looking back I think you're right, the article would be best in Category:Alaska Native tribes. I mistook it for an Alaska Native Corporation, when instead it is a Alaska Native Village Corporation. I've moved the article back to where it was. Thanks for your work on this subject & for bringing this up, Kurieeto 16:58, August 14, 2005 (UTC)

Computer/Temp
As mentioned on the Talk:Computer page, because of dissatisfaction with the current Computer article, I forked it at Computer/Temp and it's now at the stage where I think the organisation is good enough that it can serve as the basis of future work on the topic. Seeing you have edited the Computer article recently, I'd be interested on your view. --Robert Merkel 22:38, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Image width
I saw your comments about image width at User talk:Gdr, and I'd like to point that taxobox style is defined by no mean by Gdr's nomialbot, but at Wikiproject Tree of Life, who maintains the guidelines around which Nomialbot is based. Circeus 22:50, August 15, 2005 (UTC)

You make an interesting point Circeus, perhaps the definition of "taxobox" could be presented by an official of the Wikimedia Foundation. I look forward to the diagnosis of this so called "Nomialbot". Once again I must stress the immediate urgancy of this request and insist upon its instant resolution under ruling 7.21 of the Wikipedia Procedural Manual.

VfU
May I ask what VfU stands for? --Fenice 05:34, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Great idea, didn't know that exists.--Fenice 10:29, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, that is interesting, I really did not know.--Fenice 11:29, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Stop talking to yourself Fenice - it clogs up the Wikipedia. I suggest someone with greater authority remove this pointless section.

what comments were u wanting to add
Hamil, What comments were u wanting to add to my view point of evolution. I cannot see any.Pls advise.

Thanks Monami

Cherokee editing
Hi, I see that you removed all the information from the Cherokee page that we added today. Your note says it needs to be edited down because it makes the page 'less useful.' However, I noticed you even removed a book reference we added from the suggested reading list as well as a sentence we added to 'famous Cherokees' that stated "Composer Louis Ballard is a Cherokee, as well as flutist Tommy Wildcat and composer/keyboardist Lisa LaRue."

The page, prior to your removing our additions, is very biased towards the Cherokee Nation. The United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma is one of three federally recognized tribes of Cherokees, as is the Cherokee Nation. I feel that the history, the one book reference, and the addition of 3 names to the list of famous Cherokees is QUITE useful.

Please let me know what I can do so that our 12,000 tribal members can be represented. (unsigned comment by User:UKB Cherokee)

League of Decency and my vote
Thanks for communicating with me. I'll try to explain my vote a bit. It has two parts, really, "parties" and "illegal activity" (illegal for Wikipedia, not illegal for Florida): As for the issue itself, the issue they represent, I think we should always opt for the least obscene illustration that is adequate. I don't think it takes any reach to say so, either. A graphic photo is not better than a clear but less graphic photo. Further, a lot of things really don't need much illustration. After you describe fellatio, I can't imagine how the photo helps. Also, Wikipedia is not giving out rare information in these photos; the web has just a wee bit of porn on it, for those wanting to see more. Were these folks wanting to remove all illustration of sexual or scatalogical acts, I'd see how one would argue that they're extremists, but, so far as I can see, they always have a substitute that's also illustrative. One of the side effects of the demographic skew of Wikipedia's editor population is that the contributors really, really like their porn and really, really think it's cool to put it in an official-looking place. Well, I've got my own stack of pornographic magazines, but the giggles and grins of getting a dirty word or dirty picture into a "book" like Wikipedia wore off with teen angst. However, my vote wasn't about how much unnecessary porn there is on Wikipedia, but really about how we allow parties (and shouldn't) and about how this particular one isn't really advocating disruption. Geogre 16:56, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) I hate political parties on Wikipedia. Seriously.  I believe they're in the top 3 reasons to leave the project and never contribute another byte to it.  Informal, jocular associations are one thing, but there was a spin-off from m:inclusionists about a year ago that started a new and vicious trend.  It was an alarm section, where people were supposed to immediate go to VfD and vote "keep" on an endangered article, without rationale, either.  This then turned into Schoolwatch.  I thought then that what this did was advocate, essentially, the destruction of one component of Wikipedia.  It was an attempt at destroying VfD by applying a universal reasoning to all articles of a sort.  I.e. they figured that schools were, with nothing else to say about them, "inherently notable."  Therefore, it was sufficient that the topic was a school to go vote "keep," even if the article had been nominated for advertising, for being an attack page, etc.  When a VfD deliberation that usually attracted 5-8 voters suddenly got 5-10 more voting, "Keep! And stop deletionist trolling," the very process was destroyed.  It was destroyed because there was no individual deliberation of an individual article or nomination.  I'm going on about this particular thing because I believe what it was doing was being a party and being wiki-illegal.  However, that went ahead.  No one wanted to delete those pages, largely for fear of getting sucked into the name calling of the debate over schools.  (No matter what anyone said about the argument about block votes, it was always assumed to be about schools.)  I really think that all block-vote and political party pages on the project should be deleted.  Really, I do.  Take the m.deletionism, m.inclusionism, m.mergist, and all the rest.  In fact, since block votes on any subject, pro- or con-, destroy consideration and prevent discussion, I'd even say that forming a voting block should be a blockable offense.  However, we've allowed it.  Having done so the once, for that group (the deletionists and mergists never block voted), I don't know how we can deny it now for the anti-porn group.
 * 2) Supposedly, pages in project space and on meta have a different standard from article or user space, and so the presumption is that they get kept unless they do something really nasty. From what I can tell, these folks aren't doing anything very nasty.  They're trying to influence votes, but I don't see any difference in quality between them and the other block voters.  Further, since they don't have a "watch list" like Schoolwatch and encourage "vote your conscience," they're not advocating vote floods.  I.e. they're not advocating something wiki-disrupting.

 * It would hardly be the first project to exist to push a POV. Don't worry it will probably die out of it's own cause these things normaly do.Geni 17:36, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

Well, I don't know if switching is necessary. In a sense, it's kind of down to whether this is the first party/alert page you've seen or not. As I've said, above, I'd love to see all of them deleted as counterproductive. People who watch areas of their own interest are important, but people who militate over them are destructive, in my opinion.

I think Jimbo's comments show very well in some of the gender issues, although the interest of transgendered Wikipedians in gender pages can lead dissenters to say that there is a POV mafia there. I don't think that there is, as I've yet to see any of those folks have neutral, scientific support for their position nor see any of those interested in the gender topics refuse to allow a carefully worded NPOV statement in.

However, when the issue is "Wikipedia itself should" as opposed to "this discussion of asparagus should," we get into a different realm, in my opinion. One is inside a set of rules. The other is attempting to change the rules. The same affiliations that work so well in the former case can be (can be) destructive in the latter case. It all depends upon what happens next. I can name 4-8 people who agree with me about applying high standards to content. We moan and groan to each other about the junk left in. That's normal. When we make a page that says "Alarm! Quick!  Go speedy delete Sailor Moon's dress before the facruft people see it and start protecting it", I think we've crossed over from normal to insane. I just got the vibe from the folks who started this Decency thing, at least, that they were still sane about it. What happens next will be the issue, I suppose. Geogre 17:43, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Dead Authors Society
I'd like to ask you to re-consider your vote at Votes for deletion/A. F. Gotch. I've cleaned up the page, and added another of his books. If Wikipedia lists people only on the basis of how well their books were received, it seems to me that we're crossing a rather dangerous line into reviewing rather than building an encyclopedia. -Harmil 11:20, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd suggest you're arguing this in the wrong place. My vote follows the guideline in WP:BIO - it's pretty clear that you can't say 'yes' for Gotch to "Has the person made a widely recognized contribution that is part of the enduring historical record in the specific field?" - he does however pass the very lenient critera if he were alive: "Published authors, editors, and photographers who have written books with an audience of 5,000 or more or in periodicals with a circulation of 5,000 or more". If I felt there was any prospect for future expansion of the current stub, I'd change my vote, but as it stands I don't think casual editors can do better than 'he wrote a book on latin names'. Most cruft stubs will inevitably expand - people are interested in it, there's a lot of information around and so on - however this isn't true of many subjects more 'worthy'. Wikip's cruft bias doesn't have to mean the lowering of the bar for all other topics. --zippedmartin 12:00, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Hectares and square meters
I see you asked Bobblewik to refrain from converting areas in acres to areas in m2 instead of hectares. He's just done the same thing to one of my articles, plus made an unsubstantiated edit changing 250 acres to 450 acres. Did he ever get back to you about this m2 / ha thing? I don't want to step on any Wikipedia policy here, but this seems like just his POV. Tonywalton | Talk 12:55, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Great work on Mass. towns article
Thanks — Friejose 21:18, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Come to think of it, I belive you're owed a barnstar. (See above.)

see discussion page for Image:Orange_flight_suit.jpg
See comments I posted on the above mentioned page in the subject/headline. Michael 14:33, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Re: Nikolai Tesla
Thanks for reverting there, I think Klonimus may be finally getting the message that he can't push his POV all over the place. Good work! Karmafist 03:43, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

User:Tykell
I see what you mean. I've reverted a couple of his unexplained "fairuse" tags, and I've contacted the Web site which he claims to have given permission for his use of a number of photos. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 16:33, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

I would personally disagree - while the administrator of uboat.net may not have given us permission to use the photos, the photos are not licensed to him in any way, shape or form. Tykell should obviously not be claiming to have license from him, but since the original photographs are the work of the Kriegsmarine (and are no larger than necessary to illustrate the article, and portray no artistic value), then I would think they were each a poster-child for the concept of Fair Use policy. I welcome your opinions on the matter, since I have slightly more than a passing interest in the wiki articles on WWII characters and would love to see each of them with a photograph attached. Sherurcij 05:30, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Harmil/Archive 02


text:
Nataša Kandić

Nataša Kandić (Наташа Кандић; born 16 December 1946) is a Serbian human rights activist and coordinator of the RECOM Reconciliation Network, founder and ex-executive director of the Humanitarian Law Center (HLC), an organization campaigning for human rights and reconciliation in the former Yugoslavia, focusing on the Serbian role in the conflict. It was formed in 1992. The HLC's research was integral to the war crimes prosecutions of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), particularly the "smoking gun" video linking Serbian military forces to the Srebrenica massacres. She has won numerous international awards for her human rights work (Amnesty International's Objective Observer Award, among others). She is a figure of controversy in Serbia where she was the subject of a defamation lawsuit by former President of Serbia Tomislav Nikolić.

Humanitarian Law Center
Kandić is a sociologist by training. In 1992, she founded and became executive director of the Humanitarian Law Center in Belgrade, a human rights organization which has been praised for its systematic and impartial investigations of human rights abuses. Since the start of the Yugoslav wars in the early 1990s, she has documented and protested against war crimes committed between 1991 and 1999, including torture, rape, and murder. According to Businessweek, her work drew "the hatred of fellow Serbs and military leaders throughout the region -- and won the admiration of human-rights defenders worldwide".

Throughout the war in Kosovo, she travelled back and forth across Serbia, providing information to the outside world about human rights violations being committed by police and paramilitary groups. She was one of the few Serbian rights activists to continue investigating the Kosovo crisis after the murder of Slavko Ćuruvija and to collaborate with ethnic Albanian activists. She and her staff were anonymously threatened for their work, and their office was spray-painted with a swastika and the message "NATO's spies". In December 1999, HLC lawyer Teki Bokshi was arrested in Kosovo by Serbian police, drawing protest from the HLC and a United Nations envoy.

The evidence she gathered was later used in the preparation of indictments by the International Criminal Court for the Former Yugoslavia in The Hague. She provided a video of Bosnian Serb paramilitaries executing six Bosniak prisoners near Trnovo, used as proof of Serbia's role in the Srebrenica massacre, in which 7,500 Bosniak men and boys were killed. Kandić had located a copy of the tape, originally made by the paramilitaries themselves, from a man in Šid, who provided it only on the condition that she not air it until he had safely left the country. Excerpts from the tape were later shown on Serbian and Bosnian television. The Guardian described the tape as the "smoking gun"—"the final, incontrovertible proof of Serbia's part in the Srebrenica massacres" —while The New York Times called the airing of the tape on Serbian television a "watershed" moment for the country. Kandić criticized a 2007 judgement in Serbia as the presiding judge, had described the crime as “killing six men of Muslim origin”, whom "it was not clear came from Srebrenica". Kandić said "This judgment sends a very dangerous message,” further stating, "Both from a moral and factual point of the view, this is not justice".

In 2003, she criticized the deployment of Serbian troops to Afghanistan, stating that the army should first be reformed and war crimes trials concluded.

In 2004, she contributed to the exposure of US journalist Jack Kelley, a USA Today reporter discovered to have fabricated several important stories, when she disputed his account of using her as a source for a July 1999 front-page story on a typed Yugoslav Army order to "cleanse" a village in Kosovo.

2003 Republic Square incident
In 2003, Kandić attended a protest rally held on the International Day of the Disappeared in Republic Square in Belgrade, against the lack of information about Kosovo Serbs missing since the 1999 conflict. She was confronted and repeatedly insulted by other attendees who called her a "traitor". After Nikola Popović, an elderly Serb refugee from Kosovo confronted her directly and reportedly manhandled her, she slapped him in the face and yelled back at him. The policemen present took her aside and requested her documents, which she protested saying they should instead request them from other persons. The police later charged her for violent behaviour in public and disobeying the police orders.

The organization representing Serb refugees also filed charges. She justified her actions by asserting she had to "defend [myself] from Serbian patriotism". In July 2005, the First Municipal Court in Belgrade dismissed the private lawsuit against Kandić. The attendees called the presiding judge a "Serb traitor".

Defamation lawsuit
Kandić was originally found guilty on charges of defamation in February 2009 after her 2006 statements that Tomislav Nikolić killed elderly people in Croatia during the war. She was fined 200,000 Serbian dinars (around 2,000 EUR at the time). International human rights organization Front Line condemned the charges as "part of a campaign aimed at stigmatizing human right defenders and human rights organisations operating in Serbia, portraying them as enemies of the country", and Human Rights Watch named the case as an example of criminal libel laws used as "a tool to silence human rights criticisms." The charges were later overturned on appeal by the Belgrade District Court.

International recognition
Kandić is a recipient of more than 20 international, regional and national human rights awards. In 2000 she won the Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders, awarded jointly by Amnesty International, Diakonia, Human Rights Watch, HURIDOCS, International Alert, the International Commission of Jurists, the International Federation for Human Rights, the International Service for Human Rights and the World Organization Against Torture, granted annually to an individual or an organization who has displayed exceptional courage in combating human rights violations.

She was listed by Time as one of its 36 European Heroes in 2003, and again featured as a Time European Hero in 2006. In 2004, the People in Need Foundation awarded Kandić and the HLC its Homo Homini Award, presented by Václav Havel.

In 2005 she was proclaimed an honorary citizen of Sarajevo, and Slobodna Bosna magazine named her Person of the Year in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In September 2006, Kandić was named to the Order of Danica Hrvatska, awarded by the President of Croatia to individuals who have made a significant contribution to the advancement of moral values.

In April 2018, she was honoured for her work with the "Hartën e Artë të Kosovës" ("Golden Map of Kosovo") award by Ramush Haradinaj, at the time Prime Minister of Kosovo and former leader of Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA).

Her awards include the following:
 * Human Rights Watch Award (1993)
 * US and EU Democracy and Civil Society Award (1998)
 * The Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders (1999)
 * Lawyers' Committee for Human Rights Award (1999)
 * National Endowment for Democracy Democracy Award (2000)
 * Geuzenpenning Award (2000)
 * Roger E. Joseph Prize (2000), given by Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion
 * Alexander Langer Prize (2000)
 * Civil Courage Prize (2000)
 * Honorable Doctorate of the University of Valencia (2001)
 * American Bar Association Rule of Law Award (2003)
 * European Heroes Award, Time Magazine (2003)
 * Homo Homini Award - People in Need Foundation (2003)
 * Honorary Citizen of Sarajevo (4 October 2005)
 * Order of Danica Hrvatska (2006)
 * Civil Rights Defender of the Year Award, Civil Rights Defenders (2013)
 * International Hrant Dink Award (2013)
 * Harta e artë e Kosovës (2018)
 * BBC's 100 Women list (2023).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Nataša Kandić


text:
Bring 'Em In (Buddy Guy album)

Bring 'Em In is the 13th studio album by blues musician Buddy Guy, released in 2005 on Silvertone Records. The album is made up almost entirely of songs covered by Buddy Guy, containing only one original composition by the artist.

The album features a number of collaborations with other artists including: Carlos Santana (guitar), Tracy Chapman (vocals), John Mayer (guitar), Keb' Mo' (guitar), Anthony Hamilton (vocals), Robert Randolph (pedal steel), and Keith Richards (guitar).

Musicians

 * Buddy Guy - lead vocals, lead guitar
 * Willie Weeks - bass
 * Myron Dove - bass
 * Steve Jordan - drums, backing vocals
 * Luis Conte - percussion
 * Bernie Worrell - keyboards
 * Ivan Neville - keyboards, backing vocals
 * Chester Thompson - keyboards
 * Danny Kortchmar - guitar
 * Jack Hale - trombone
 * Ben Cauley - trumpet
 * Andrew Love - tenor saxophone
 * Lannie McMilan - tenor saxophone
 * Jim Horn - baritone saxophone, flute

Guest musicians

 * Carlos Santana
 * Tracy Chapman- track 7
 * Keb' Mo' - track 7
 * John Mayer
 * Anthony Hamilton
 * Robert Randolph
 * Keith Richards - guitar on "The Price You Gotta Pay"

Production

 * Steve Jordan - Producer
 * Don Smith - Recording
 * Willie Mitchell and Lester Snell - Horn Arrangements
 * Jim Horn - Horn Arrangement on Track 9
 * Derrick Santini - Photographer

title: Bring 'Em In (Buddy Guy album)


text:
Reachability

In graph theory, reachability refers to the ability to get from one vertex to another within a graph. A vertex $$s$$ can reach a vertex $$t$$ (and $$t$$ is reachable from $$s$$) if there exists a sequence of adjacent vertices (i.e. a walk) which starts with $$s$$ and ends with $$t$$.

In an undirected graph, reachability between all pairs of vertices can be determined by identifying the connected components of the graph. Any pair of vertices in such a graph can reach each other if and only if they belong to the same connected component; therefore, in such a graph, reachability is symmetric ($$s$$ reaches $$t$$ iff $$t$$ reaches $$s$$). The connected components of an undirected graph can be identified in linear time. The remainder of this article focuses on the more difficult problem of determining pairwise reachability in a directed graph (which, incidentally, need not be symmetric).

Definition
For a directed graph $$G = (V, E)$$, with vertex set $$V$$ and edge set $$E$$, the reachability relation of $$G$$ is the transitive closure of $$E$$, which is to say the set of all ordered pairs $$(s,t)$$ of vertices in $$V$$ for which there exists a sequence of vertices $$v_0 = s, v_1, v_2, ..., v_k = t$$ such that the edge $$(v_{i-1},v_i)$$ is in $$E$$ for all $$1 \leq i \leq k$$.

If $$G$$ is acyclic, then its reachability relation is a partial order; any partial order may be defined in this way, for instance as the reachability relation of its transitive reduction. A noteworthy consequence of this is that since partial orders are anti-symmetric, if $$s$$ can reach $$t$$, then we know that $$t$$ cannot reach $$s$$. Intuitively, if we could travel from $$s$$ to $$t$$ and back to $$s$$, then $$G$$ would contain a cycle, contradicting that it is acyclic. If $$G$$ is directed but not acyclic (i.e. it contains at least one cycle), then its reachability relation will correspond to a preorder instead of a partial order.

Algorithms
Algorithms for determining reachability fall into two classes: those that require preprocessing and those that do not.

If you have only one (or a few) queries to make, it may be more efficient to forgo the use of more complex data structures and compute the reachability of the desired pair directly. This can be accomplished in linear time using algorithms such as breadth first search or iterative deepening depth-first search.

If you will be making many queries, then a more sophisticated method may be used; the exact choice of method depends on the nature of the graph being analysed. In exchange for preprocessing time and some extra storage space, we can create a data structure which can then answer reachability queries on any pair of vertices in as low as $$O(1)$$ time. Three different algorithms and data structures for three different, increasingly specialized situations are outlined below.

Floyd–Warshall Algorithm
The Floyd–Warshall algorithm can be used to compute the transitive closure of any directed graph, which gives rise to the reachability relation as in the definition, above.

The algorithm requires $$O(|V|^3)$$ time and $$O(|V|^2)$$ space in the worst case. This algorithm is not solely interested in reachability as it also computes the shortest path distance between all pairs of vertices. For graphs containing negative cycles, shortest paths may be undefined, but reachability between pairs can still be noted.

Thorup's Algorithm
For planar digraphs, a much faster method is available, as described by Mikkel Thorup in 2004. This method can answer reachability queries on a planar graph in $$O(1)$$ time after spending $$O(n \log{n})$$ preprocessing time to create a data structure of $$O(n \log{n})$$ size. This algorithm can also supply approximate shortest path distances, as well as route information.

The overall approach is to associate with each vertex a relatively small set of so-called separator paths such that any path from a vertex $$v$$ to any other vertex $$w$$ must go through at least one of the separators associated with $$v$$ or $$w$$. An outline of the reachability related sections follows.

Given a graph $$G$$, the algorithm begins by organizing the vertices into layers starting from an arbitrary vertex $$v_0$$. The layers are built in alternating steps by first considering all vertices reachable from the previous step (starting with just $$v_0$$) and then all vertices which reach to the previous step until all vertices have been assigned to a layer. By construction of the layers, every vertex appears at most two layers, and every directed path, or dipath, in $$G$$ is contained within two adjacent layers $$L_i$$ and $$L_{i+1}$$. Let $$k$$ be the last layer created, that is, the lowest value for $$k$$ such that $$\bigcup_{i=0}^{k} L_i = V$$.

The graph is then re-expressed as a series of digraphs $$G_0, G_1, \ldots, G_{k-1}$$ where each $$G_i = r_i \cup L_i \cup L_{i+1}$$ and where $$r_i$$ is the contraction of all previous levels $$L_0 \ldots L_{i-1}$$ into a single vertex. Because every dipath appears in at most two consecutive layers, and because each $$G_i$$ is formed by two consecutive layers, every dipath in $$G$$ appears in its entirety in at least one $$G_i$$ (and no more than 2 consecutive such graphs)

For each $$G_i$$, three separators are identified which, when removed, break the graph into three components which each contain at most $$1/2$$ the vertices of the original. As $$G_i$$ is built from two layers of opposed dipaths, each separator may consist of up to 2 dipaths, for a total of up to 6 dipaths over all of the separators. Let $$S$$ be this set of dipaths. The proof that such separators can always be found is related to the Planar Separator Theorem of Lipton and Tarjan, and these separators can be located in linear time.

For each $$Q \in S$$, the directed nature of $$Q$$ provides for a natural indexing of its vertices from the start to the end of the path. For each vertex $$v$$ in $$G_i$$, we locate the first vertex in $$Q$$ reachable by $$v$$, and the last vertex in $$Q$$ that reaches to $$v$$. That is, we are looking at how early into $$Q$$ we can get from $$v$$, and how far we can stay in $$Q$$ and still get back to $$v$$. This information is stored with each $$v$$. Then for any pair of vertices $$u$$ and $$w$$, $$u$$ can reach $$w$$ via $$Q$$ if $$u$$ connects to $$Q$$ earlier than $$w$$ connects from $$Q$$.

Every vertex is labelled as above for each step of the recursion which builds $$G_0 \ldots, G_k$$. As this recursion has logarithmic depth, a total of $$O(\log{n})$$ extra information is stored per vertex. From this point, a logarithmic time query for reachability is as simple as looking over each pair of labels for a common, suitable $$Q$$. The original paper then works to tune the query time down to $$O(1)$$.

In summarizing the analysis of this method, first consider that the layering approach partitions the vertices so that each vertex is considered only $$O(1)$$ times. The separator phase of the algorithm breaks the graph into components which are at most $$1/2$$ the size of the original graph, resulting in a logarithmic recursion depth. At each level of the recursion, only linear work is needed to identify the separators as well as the connections possible between vertices. The overall result is $$O(n \log n)$$ preprocessing time with only $$O(\log{n})$$ additional information stored for each vertex.

Kameda's Algorithm

An even faster method for pre-processing, due to T. Kameda in 1975, can be used if the graph is planar, acyclic, and also exhibits the following additional properties: all 0-indegree and all 0-outdegree vertices appear on the same face (often assumed to be the outer face), and it is possible to partition the boundary of that face into two parts such that all 0-indegree vertices appear on one part, and all 0-outdegree vertices appear on the other (i.e. the two types of vertices do not alternate).

If $$G$$ exhibits these properties, then we can preprocess the graph in only $$O(n)$$ time, and store only $$O(\log{n})$$ extra bits per vertex, answering reachability queries for any pair of vertices in $$O(1)$$ time with a simple comparison.

Preprocessing performs the following steps. We add a new vertex $$s$$ which has an edge to each 0-indegree vertex, and another new vertex $$t$$ with edges from each 0-outdegree vertex. Note that the properties of $$G$$ allow us to do so while maintaining planarity, that is, there will still be no edge crossings after these additions. For each vertex we store the list of adjacencies (out-edges) in order of the planarity of the graph (for example, clockwise with respect to the graph's embedding). We then initialize a counter $$i = n + 1$$ and begin a Depth-First Traversal from $$s$$. During this traversal, the adjacency list of each vertex is visited from left-to-right as needed. As vertices are popped from the traversal's stack, they are labelled with the value $$i$$, and $$i$$ is then decremented. Note that $$t$$ is always labelled with the value $$n+1$$ and $$s$$ is always labelled with $$0$$. The depth-first traversal is then repeated, but this time the adjacency list of each vertex is visited from right-to-left.

When completed, $$s$$ and $$t$$, and their incident edges, are removed. Each remaining vertex stores a 2-dimensional label with values from $$1$$ to $$n$$. Given two vertices $$u$$ and $$v$$, and their labels $$L(u) = (a_1, a_2)$$ and $$L(v) =(b_1, b_2)$$, we say that $$L(u) < L(v)$$ if and only if $$a_1 \leq b_1$$, $$a_2 \leq b_2$$, and there exists at least one component $$a_1$$ or $$a_2$$ which is strictly less than $$b_1$$ or $$b_2$$, respectively.

The main result of this method then states that $$v$$ is reachable from $$u$$ if and only if $$L(u) < L(v)$$, which is easily calculated in $$O(1)$$ time.

Related problems
A related problem is to solve reachability queries with some number $$k$$ of vertex failures. For example: "Can vertex $$u$$ still reach vertex $$v$$ even though vertices $$s_1, s_2, ..., s_k$$ have failed and can no longer be used?" A similar problem may consider edge failures rather than vertex failures, or a mix of the two. The breadth-first search technique works just as well on such queries, but constructing an efficient oracle is more challenging.

Another problem related to reachability queries is in quickly recalculating changes to reachability relationships when some portion of the graph is changed. For example, this is a relevant concern to garbage collection which needs to balance the reclamation of memory (so that it may be reallocated) with the performance concerns of the running application.

title: Reachability


text:
Talk:Nightsisters

Cleanup Tag
I've added a dated cleanup tag. I'm giving this article 30 days. If within that time nobody has updated this article to add context (where is this info from? It's not film canon... Books? Comics?) and sources. It also needs grammar help. If this has not been cleaned up in 30 days I'm sending it to AfD. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Isotope23 (talk • contribs)

 * What an exceedingly hostile and downright nastly view. --maru  (talk)  contribs 21:12, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nightsisters


text:
User:Famsis~enwiki

This user is banned from JAWP cause vandalism.

私はWikipedia日本語版ユーザーの利用者:Famsisです.
 * I am Famsis, a Japanese Wikipedian.

私の日本語版の利用者ページです.
 * My Japanese Wikipedia User page.

Sequel to Famsis氏は私ではありません. Sequel to Famsis氏、貴殿がFamsisではないことを利用者ページに明記して下さい. さもなくば、貴殿へのCheckuser が行なわれても私は反対しません.

 *  is not me.I will not oppose,Checkuser to him.

Aphaia氏（Wikipedia日本語版　選挙管理委員）とSkylab氏（2005.10.09までWikipedia日本語版　管理者）は同一人物？
 * User:Aphaia(Election Official/ja-wikipedia)=User:Skylab(sysop/ja-wikipedia/~ 09 October 2005)?

→User talk:Famsis

/memo

2005.10.09までWikipedia 管理者）

title: User:Famsis~enwiki


text: User talk:69.237.182.234

title: User talk:69.237.182.234


text:
Talk:Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī

Copyvio
I rolled back a copyright violation, where an anon user pasted in text from Please don't resort to this. It can be detected and will be removed when found. Ian Cairns 17:36, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It seems this was re-reverted again immediately after Ian's original revert and it has been like that since then (ten months)... I'll make another attempt to get rid of the copyvio. Suede 19:26, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:37, 2 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Srinivasa Ramanujan - OPC - 2.jpg

title: Talk:Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī


text: File:Starwreck6 dvdcover.jpg

title: File:Starwreck6 dvdcover.jpg


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San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane

The church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane (Saint Charles at the Four Fountains), also called San Carlino, is a Roman Catholic church in Rome, Italy. The church was designed by the architect Francesco Borromini and it was his first independent commission. It is an iconic masterpiece of Baroque architecture, built as part of a complex of monastic buildings on the Quirinal Hill for the Spanish Trinitarians, an order dedicated to the freeing of Christian slaves. He received the commission in 1634, under the patronage of Cardinal Francesco Barberini, whose palace was across the road. However, this financial backing did not last and subsequently the building project suffered various financial difficulties. It is one of at least three churches in Rome dedicated to San Carlo, including San Carlo ai Catinari and San Carlo al Corso.

History
In the 1630s, the monks of the Trinitarian Order were searching for an architect to build a church connecting their monastery. Francesco Borromini offered to complete the commission free of charge in order to start his career as a solo architect.

The monastic buildings and the cloister were completed first, after which construction of the church took place during the period 1638–1641; in 1646 it was dedicated to Saint Charles Borromeo. Although the idea for the serpentine facade must have been conceived fairly early on, probably in the mid-1630s, it was only constructed towards the end of Borromini's life and the upper part was not completed until after the architect's death.

The site for the new church and its monastery was at the southwest corner of the "Quattro Fontane", which refers to the four corner fountains set on the oblique at the intersection of two roads, the Strada Pia and the Strada Felice. Bernini's oval church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale would later be built further along the Strada Pia.

The inscriptions found in San Carlo, a valuable source illustrating the history of the church, have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella.

Architect
Francesco Borromini (1599–1667) came from a lower-class background but quickly built a name for himself by taking on small commissions for churches around Europe. Borromini became known as a father of baroque architecture after completing his first solo project – San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane.

Borromini first found his interest in architecture through his travels to Milan, in which his father sent him to observe stonecutting. His interest lead to years of architectural and sculptural training which caused a growing debt to his father. Borromini fled to Rome to avoid his debt and found himself becoming an architectural star pupil under renowned Italian architect Carlo Maderno. Together, Maderno and Borromini worked side by side on numerous architectural giants, St. Peter's Basilica, Palazzo Barberini, Sant’Andrea della Valle, until Maderno died and Borromini found himself working as a solo baroque architect.

Exterior
The concave-convex facade of San Carlo undulates in a non-classic way. Tall corinthian columns stand on plinths and bear the main entablatures; these define the main framework of two storeys and the tripartite bay division. Between the columns, smaller columns with their entablatures weave behind the main columns and in turn they frame niches, windows, a variety of sculptures as well as the main door, the central oval aedicule of the upper order and the oval framed medallion borne aloft by angels. The medallion once contained a 1677 fresco by a Pietro Giarguzzi of the Holy Trinity. Above the main entrance, cherubim herms frame the central figure of Saint Charles Borromeo by Antonio Raggi and to either side are statues of St. John of Matha and St. Felix of Valois, the founders of the Trinitarian Order.

The plan and section show the layout of the cramped and difficult site; the church is on the corner with the cloister next to it and both face onto the Via Pia. The monastic buildings straddle the site, beyond which Borromini intended to design a garden. The church itself is only 66 feet wide and 39 feet long – deeming a non-classic plan vital. Before the baroque style became the style of choice in the seventeenth century, the renaissance was full of buildings with very rectangular shapes. The baroque style introduced curves and ovals, which Borromini combined with cubic elements to create a floor plan that fit the awkward site's requirements. Not only did the curves suit the site, but it also enhanced the baroque design by creating movement, playing with lighting and shadows, adding ornament, and extra drama.

Interior
The rise of baroque architecture prompted Borromini to bring his sculpture background to life by creating unexpected combinations of curves and rectangular forms in his work. Many baroque architects during the seventeenth century focused their design basis to fall in line with proportions of the human body. Borromini was non-classical in the sense that he based his designs on geometric figures.

The church interior is both extraordinary and complex. The three principal parts can be identified vertically as the lower order at ground level, the transition zone of the pendentives and the oval coffered dome with its oval lantern.

In the lower part of the church, the main altar is on the same longitudinal axis as the door and there are two altars on the cross axis. One altar is dedicated to Saint Michael de Sanctis, the other dedicated to Saint John Baptist of the Conception. Between these, and arranged in groups of four, sixteen columns carry a broad and continuous entablature. The arrangement seems to refer to a cross plan but all the altars are visible as the two central columns in each arrangement of four are placed on the oblique with respect to the axial ordering of the space. This creates an undulating movement effect which is enhanced by the variation in treatment of the bays between the columns with niches, mouldings, and doors. Architectural historians have described how the bay structure of this lower order can have different rhythmic readings and the underlying geometric rationale for this complex ground plan, as well as discussing the symbolism of the church and the distinctive architectural drawings of Borromini.

The pendentives are part of the transition area where the undulating almost cross-like form of the lower order is reconciled with the oval opening to the dome. The arches which spring from the diagonally placed columns of the lower wall order to frame the altars and entrance, rise to meet the oval entablature and so define the space of the pendentives in which roundels are set.

The oval entablature to the dome has a 'crown' of foliage and frames a view of deep set interlocking coffering of octagons, crosses and hexagons which diminish in size the higher they rise. Light floods in from windows in the lower dome that are hidden by the oval opening and from windows in the side of the lantern. In a hierarchical structuring of light, the illuminated lantern with its symbol of the Holy Trinity is the most brightly lit, the coffering of the dome is thrown into sharp and deep relief and light gradually filters downwards to the darker lower body of the church.

Flanking the apse of the main altar is a pair of identical doorways. The right door leads to the convent through which the crypts below may be accessed. The door on the left leads to an external chapel known as Capella Barberini which contains a shrine to blessed Elisabeth Canori Mora.

Crypt
The crypt below follows the size and form of the church and has a low pierced vault. Chapels open off this space, including an octagonal chapel on the south-east side where Borromini intended to be buried. It has a major and minor niche arrangement and an undulating cornice.

Cloister
Next to the church is the cloister, which is a two-story arrangement. The space is longer along the entrance axis than it is wide, but the rectangular ordering is interrupted by cutting the corners so it could also be understood as an elongated octagon. Further complexity is introduced by the variation in the spacing of the twelve columns carrying alternating round and flat headed openings, the curvature of the corners, and the inventive balustrade. Geometrical themes are reinforced by the central octagonal wellhead on an oval base and the octagonal capitals of the upper columns.

Behind the church, the refectory, now the sacristy, has rounded corners, a pierced vault, windows in the garden façade and later alterations.

title: San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane


text:
Mountain View Corridor

The Mountain View Corridor is a freeway under construction in northern Utah that will run along the western periphery of Salt Lake County and south into northwest Utah County. Except for the last several miles on its southern end the Mountain View Corridor is numerically designated as State Route 85 (SR-85) in the Utah state highway system. The entire Mountain View Corridor will be maintained by the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT).

Route description
Mountain View Corridor is an arterial road that runs roughly parallel to Bangerter Highway (SR-154) one to four miles to the west, built to meet the demand of the growing cities in western Salt Lake and Utah counties. It starts at SR-73 in Saratoga Springs and runs north to a junction with a spur of the roadway that runs east to Interstate 15 in Lehi. The spur, designated as 2100 North, also carries the SR-85 designation.

From the junction at 2100 North, the Mountain View Corridor will continue north through Camp Williams into Salt Lake County, running west of Redwood Road (SR-68). Just north of Camp Williams it will curve northwest until it reaches Porter Rockwell Boulevard in Bluffdale. Porter Rockwell Boulevard is a non-freeway spur of the Mountain View Corridor that runs east to connect with Redwood Road (SR-68) at about 16000 South. It currently serves as the initial access to the southern end of the Mountain View Corridor until portions south of this point are completed.

From Porter Rockwell Boulevard it continues northwest to 13400 South at about 4800 West in Riverton and then continues north again to 12600 South. From 12600 South it curves northwest again, crossing Daybreak Parkway (at about 11700 South) in Daybreak—a neighborhood of South Jordan—to the Old Bingham Highway (at about 10200 South) in West Jordan, and then curves slightly back to the northeast until it reaches 9000 South just west of 5600 West.

From 9000 South it heads north, crossing over 8200 South, until 7800 South where it curves northwest to 7000 South at about 6400 West. From 7000 South it proceeds north, crossing 6200 South, to 5400 South (SR-173). From 5400 South it curves northeast again until it reaches 4100 South in West Valley City at about 5700 West and heads north again, crossing 3500 South (SR-171), to a junction with SR-201.

From SR-201 it continues north to California Avenue in Salt Lake City. From California Avenue it will finally curve northwest once again before ending at a junction with Interstate 80 at about 6100 West in Salt Lake City (a few miles west of the Salt Lake City International Airport).

Phases
Plans call for three phases of construction. Upon final completion, the freeway will have five lanes in each direction, including a high-occupancy/toll (HOT) lane. Some sections will also include two-lane frontage roads on both sides of the freeway.

Phase One includes constructing either the outside lanes or two one-way frontage roads for each section of the entire length of the Mountain View Corridor, but not all at the same time. Phase One construction is being completed on the various sections as the need exists and funding permits. For the "outside lanes" sections the two outside lanes of the freeway are built in each direction. At each future interchange the roadways curve out to the edges of the right of way where future off-ramps of the freeway will be, creating two one-way intersections. For the "frontage roads" sections, two one-way frontage roads will be on either side of the planned freeway lanes. Two one-way intersections will also be created at each future interchange, just as they will be for the "outside lanes" sections, except that the future off-ramps and on-ramps will connect with the frontage roads prior to and after the interchanges, respectively. (Such frontage roads and interchanges are often referred to as Texas style.) Frontage roads will be built between Old Bingham Highway and Porter Rockwell Boulevard, as well as the 2100 North spur. The remaining sections will have the outside lanes built in Phase One.

Phase Two is where the actual freeway is constructed as needs require and funding permits. By building either the outside lanes or frontage roads in the unique manner that has been done in Phase One preserved space in the middle to build overpasses and the actual freeway lanes themselves where only the frontage roads were constructed. Also, having been built the way they were, there will be minimal traffic interruption while Phase Two is completed.

Phase Three will widen the freeway from two lanes to five in each direction (with one of those lanes provisioned as an HOT lane), again as the need exists and funding permits.

In mid-2010, Utah County planners discussed future plans for a freeway in Utah County from Lehi to Santaquin along the west side of SR-68 west of Utah Lake. It has been speculated that this could become part of the Mountain View Corridor project.

The first sections of Mountain View Corridor opened for traffic in a design of separated two lane carriageways with signal controlled at-grade split intersections, to be upgraded later.

Implementation
The environmental impact statement for the freeway was completed in November 2008, leaving funding for the highway as the biggest remaining obstacle. Previous proposals included raising the state fuel tax or tolling the new road as a public/private partnership, an issue that became highly contentious. Ultimately, the state legislature decided to issue bonds to fund the freeway, thereby committing future tax receipts to pay for it. The first phase of construction began in mid-2010 and finished by December 15, 2012.

Construction on the spur that runs along 2100 North in Lehi's street grid and will connect the eventual freeway with Interstate 15 began in late 2010. This spur, which initially travels as far west as Redwood Road (SR-68), opened September 24, 2011. During Phase Two, this spur will be extended further west to the future freeway.

Construction on two miles of frontage roads in Herriman between Rosecrest Drive and 12600 South has been completed and this portion opened for traffic on June 2, 2012. An additional seven miles of frontage road is nearly complete and is anticipated to be open for use on October 13, 2012. These additional portions are will extend the usable roadway from Porter Rockwell Boulevard in Bluffdale north to the Old Bingham Highway in West Jordan. Six more miles of frontage road further north are also anticipated to be completed in late 2012. By the end of 2012 a total of fifteen miles of Phase One frontage roads, extending from Porter Rockwell Boulevard north to 5400 South in West Valley City, will be open for use, as well as associated bike lanes and trails. In 2016 the access to 5400 South (SR-173) completed, and construction continued northbound.

While no specific time table has been given by UDOT for the remainder of the overall project, it is anticipated to be fully completed by 2030.

Progress
As of 2021, Mountain View Corridor is entirely in Stage 1 of the construction plan. Funding has been given to convert the segment running from Porter Rockwell Boulevard to Old Bingham Highway to a Stage 2 Freeway. The entire roadway that is currently built extends from Redwood Road (SR-68) to California Avenue. The section between 5400 South and 4100 South opened on November 18, 2017, at 3:00 pm. Opening celebrations included a fun run, an ugly sweater competition, and ceremonies where the Mayor of West Valley City spoke. In October 2019, another portion in Utah County opened to traffic, connecting SR-73 and Pioneer Crossing (SR-145) to Redwood Road and 2100 North (SR-194). The next section of Mountain View Corridor in Salt Lake County (4100 South to California Avenue) opened to traffic on June 17, 2021.

The segment between California Avenue and Interstate 80 is currently unfunded, and it is unknown when it will be completed. In September 2021, funding was allocated to build the Phase 1 iteration of the segment running from 2100 North to Porter Rockwell Boulevard. Until the 2100 North to Porter Rockwell segment of the corridor is built in 2023, SR-85 will be routed along a concurrency with SR-68 between those roads.

Exit list
This following table lists the interchanges of the Mountain View Corridor at full build-out.

title: Mountain View Corridor


text:
File:City Channel (Dublin).png

Summary
Source: www.city.ie

title: File:City Channel (Dublin).png


text: Category:Vasodilators

title: Category:Vasodilators


text:
Talk:She Walks in Beauty

wikisource
Note that the wikisource article for this poem has been deleted, and according to the deletion log, didn't contain the actual poem anyway. --Trovatore 17:39, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You are looking at the wrong Wikisource. The text for this poem was, and still is, on the multilingual Wikisource.  You are looking at the English Wikisource.  The English Wikisource has only recently been created.  The interwiki link on this page used to point to the correct place on the multilingual Wikisource.  Then the interwiki linking system was altered, so that the links all suddenly pointed to a different wiki.  However, in many cases, such as in this one, the articles pointed to were not copied from the multilingual Wikisource to the English Wikisource.  Uncle G 19:05, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

The poem "She walks in beauty" had multiple meaning, on one level it is describing a lady, however, if you pay close attention, George Gordon uses a lot of color and imagery in the poem. All those color have a sense of meaning if we try to analyze the poem with the history of that time. But, the lady in the poem should represent something. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.235.202.246 (talk) 21:05, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Word use
"Contrmechanisms": I'm not English, but is this word correct? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.42.103.76 (talk) 08:46, 19 February 2012 (UTC)

Cultural references
Suede's song "heroine" begins in the line "she walks in beauty, like the night", which is obviously a reference to this poem. If you bothered mentioning Glee in this article, I suppose Suede would be appropriate too. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.159.182.135 (talk) 13:29, 1 July 2012 (UTC)

The first four lines of "She Walks in Beauty" are recited by Jim (Christopher Lloyd) in the TV series Taxi when Elaine (Marilu Henner) emerges from the bathroom having made herself "exquisite" for an art gallery opening. In the episode ("Louis Goes Too Far", fourth season), Elaine calls the National Organization For Women after catching Louis (Danny DeVito) watching her undress through a peephole. I will leave it for another editor to determine whether this information should be included in the article. Pololei (talk) 19:41, 10 April 2018 (UTC)

Star Trek. The first line is used to honor Nichelle Nichols, Lt. Uhura, attributed explicitly to Byron in the dialog, and thematically significant in the Star Trek season three episode "Is There In Truth No Beauty?" first aired 18 October 1968. Kollos, an alien with no humanoid form from a species known for its navigational knowleges, agrees with Spock to transfer his mind into Spock's temporarily in order to navigate the Enterprise back into the galaxy. Kollos is by Spock's station, and Spock is wearing a visor. The lid opens, then Spock comes out from behind the shield and takes off the visor.) SPOCK: This is delightful. I know you. All of you. James Kirk, Captain and friend for many years. And Leonard McCoy, also of long acquaintance. And Uhura, whose name means freedom. She walks in beauty, like the night. MCCOY: That's not Spock. SPOCK: Are you surprised to find that I've read Byron, Doctor? MCCOY: That's Spock! KIRK: Am I addressing the Ambassador? SPOCK: In part. That is, part of us is known to you as Kollos. Ah, Miranda. There you are. O brave new world, that has such creatures in it. MIRANDA: 'Tis new to thee. SPOCK: My world is next for us. Captain Kirk, I speak for all of us you call Medusans. I am sorry for the trouble I've brought to your ship. KIRK: We don't hold you to blame for what happened, and thank you now for your help. 95.223.118.35 (talk) 02:55, 26 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:She Walks in Beauty


text:
User talk:Mfleming

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Clerical Medical Investment Group Limited, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. This article appears to be a direct copy from http://www.hbosplc.com/abouthbos/History/Halifax%20Tree/Clerical_Medical.asp. As a copyright violation, Clerical Medical Investment Group Limited appears to qualify for speedy deletion under the speedy deletion criteria. Clerical Medical Investment Group Limited has been tagged for deletion, and may have been deleted by the time you see this message. If the source is a credible one, please consider rewriting the content and citing the source. If you believe that the article is not a copyright violation, or if you have permission from the copyright holder to release the content freely under the GFDL, you can comment to that effect on Talk:Clerical Medical Investment Group Limited. If the article has already been deleted, but you have a proper release, you can reenter the content at Clerical Medical Investment Group Limited, after describing the release on the talk page. However, you may want to consider rewriting the content in your own words. Thank you, and please feel free to continue contributing to Wikipedia. -- Maccoinnich 17:40, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mfleming


text:
Virgil of Salzburg

Virgil (c. 700– 27 November 784), also spelled Vergil, Vergilius, Virgilius, Feirgil or Fearghal, was an Irish priest and early astronomer. He left Ireland around 745, intending to visit the Holy Land; but, like many of his countrymen, he settled in Francia. Virgil served as abbot of Aghaboe, bishop of Ossory and later bishop of Salzburg. He was called "the Apostle of Carinthia" and "the geometer".

Biography
He originated from a noble family of Ireland, where his name was Feirgil or Fearghal, and is said to have been a descendant of Niall of the Nine Hostages. Feirgil was probably educated at the Iona monastery.

In Annals of the Four Masters and Annals of Ulster, he is referenced as the Abbot of Aghaboe, in County Laois, where he was known as "the Geometer" because of his knowledge of geography.

Around 745, he left Ireland, intending to visit the Holy Land; but, like many of his countrymen, who seemed to have adopted this practice as a work of piety, he settled down in France, where he was received with great favour by Pippin the Younger, who was then Mayor of the Palace under Childeric III of Franconia. He was an adviser to Pippin. He probably used a copy of the Collectio canonum Hibernensis (an Irish collection of canon law) to advise him to receive royal unction in 751, to assist his recognition as king Pippin III after the deposition of Childeric. After spending two years at Cressy, near Compiègne, he went to Bavaria, at the invitation of Duke Odilo, where he founded the monastery of Chiemsee, and within a year or two, was made Abbot of St Peter's Abbey at Salzburg. Among his notable accomplishments was the conversion of the Alpine Slavs to Christianity; he also sent missionaries to Hungary.

As Abbot of St Peter's, he clashed with Saint Boniface. A priest having, through ignorance, conferred the Sacrament of Baptism using, in place of the correct formula, the words "Baptizo te in nomine patria et filia et spiritu sancta" (instead of "Baptizo te in nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti"), Vergilius held that the sacrament had been validly conferred, but Boniface complained to Pope Zachary. The latter, however, decided in favour of Virgil. Later on, Boniface accused Virgil of spreading discord between himself and Duke Odilo of Bavaria and of teaching a doctrine in regard to men descended not from Adam, which was "contrary to the Scriptures". Pope Zachary's decision in this case was that "if it shall be clearly established that he professes belief in another world and other people existing beneath the earth, or in [another] sun and moon there, thou art to hold a council, and deprive him of his sacerdotal rank, and expel him from the church."

The treatise in which Virgil expounded his doctrine no longer exists. Two things, however, are certain: first, that there was involved the problem of original sin and the universality of redemption; secondly, that Virgil succeeded in freeing himself from the charge of teaching a doctrine contrary to Scripture. It is likely that Boniface, already biased against Virgil because of the preceding case, misunderstood him, taking it for granted, perhaps, that if there are antipodes, the "other race of men" are not descendants of Adam and were not redeemed by Christ.

After the martyrdom of Boniface, Virgil was made Bishop of Salzburg in 766 or 767 and laboured successfully for the upbuilding of his diocese as well as for the spread of Christianity in neighbouring heathen countries, especially in Carinthia.

Veneration
He is venerated as a saint in both the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. In 1233, he was formally canonized by Pope Gregory IX.

His doctrine that the earth is a sphere was derived from the teaching of ancient geographers, and his belief in the existence of the antipodes was probably influenced by the accounts which the ancient Irish voyagers gave of their journeys. This, at least, is the opinion of Rettberg (Kirchengesch. Deutschlands, II, 236).

Dedications
Aside from being personally associated with Aghaboe Abbey and Salzburg Cathedral, a number of parishes around the world are dedicated to him, mostly being founded by small populations of far-flung Irish Catholics, like himself.

There is a church dedicated to him in Broad Channel, Queens, New York, which merged with another parish in 2008. A parish in Morris Plains, New Jersey, is also dedicated to him. Fittingly for this Irish geometer who predicted antipodes, several churches in the Southern Hemisphere are dedicated to him. St Virgil's College in Hobart, Tasmania is named for him. There was a St Virgilius Church in Balclutha, New Zealand designed by Francis Petre which moved and was re-dedicated to Mary MacKillop, however the new chapel remains dedicated to Virgilius.

Art and culture
A large marble statue of him stands outside the doors of Salzburg Cathedral. A stained-glass window of St Virgil contemplating the antipodes sits in St John's College, University of Sydney. Sebastian Stief painted him amidst Salzburg's construction, Alec Szolomiak painted him, as did Jan Toorop, and Dhiraja McBryde. Yalumba, Australia's oldest family-owned winery, produces a Viognier named Virgilius.

title: Virgil of Salzburg


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Verde (building)

Verde is an office building at 10 Bressenden Place, formerly known as Eland House, in Westminster, London. It was originally designed by EPR Architects and built by Mowlem for Landsec, and although finally completed in 1998, staff of the former Department of the Environment had moved in during late 1995/early 1996.

In 2012, the building was acquired by Tishman Speyer and redeveloped according to a design created by Aukett Swanke. It was then renamed Verde. The redeveloped building encompasses 282,000 square feet of office space across 10 floors, and includes a number of roof gardens.

title: Verde (building)


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File:Iansa.jpg

Summary
Iansã - an Orixá

Printed by Davi Nascimento. Found by Jed Sundwall buried under a stack of wood prints and unframed paintings in an art store in Salvador, Brazil.

title: File:Iansa.jpg


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Crescent Lake (Dunhuang)

Yueyaquan is a crescent-shaped lake in an oasis, 6 km south of the city of Dunhuang in Gansu Province, China.

History
The lake was named Yueyaquan in the Qing Dynasty. Mildred Cable and Francesca French visited the lake during their travels in the region in 1932 and recorded their impressions in their book The Gobi Desert: "All around us we saw tier on tier of lofty sand-hills, giving the lie to our quest, yet when, with a final desperate effort, we hoisted ourselves over the last ridge and looked down on what lay beyond, we saw the lake below, and its beauty was entrancing."

According to measurements made in 1960, the average depth of the lake was 4 to 5 m, with a maximum depth of 7.5 m. In the following 40 years, the depth of the lake declined by more than 25 ft. In the early 1990s, it had shrunk to an average depth of one meter. In 2006, the local government with help of the central government started to fill the lake and restore its depth; its depth and size have been growing yearly since then. Proposed groundwater diversions are modeled to raise the water table and level of the lake.

The lake and the surrounding deserts are very popular with tourists, who are offered camel and all-terrain vehicle rides.

title: Crescent Lake (Dunhuang)


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Reggie Cleveland

Reginald Leslie Cleveland (born May 23, 1948) is a Canadian former professional baseball player. A right-handed pitcher, Cleveland appeared in 428 games in Major League Baseball over 13 seasons (1969–81) for four teams. Born in Swift Current, Saskatchewan, and raised in Cold Lake, Alberta, Cleveland was listed as 6 ft tall and 195 lb (13 stone, 13 lbs.). He was elected to the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in 1986.

Career
Cleveland originally signed with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1966, and after a one-game trial with the Redbirds, he made the major leagues for good during August of. In his first full season, he won 12 games and the National League Rookie Pitcher of the Year Award from The Sporting News. He hurled for the Cardinals (through ), Boston Red Sox (–78), Texas Rangers and Milwaukee Brewers (–81).

As a member of the pennant-winning 1975 Red Sox, he was the starting pitcher in Game 2 of the 1975 American League Championship Series against the Oakland Athletics. He allowed three runs and seven hits in five innings of work, exiting the game with the score tied, 3–3. He earned a no-decision, with Red Sox relief pitcher Roger Moret gaining credit for the win when Boston prevailed, 6–3. Then, in the 1975 World Series, Cleveland worked in three games, two in relief. He was the starting pitcher in Game 5 against the Cincinnati Reds on October 16 at Riverfront Stadium. He gave up seven hits and five runs, all earned, and was charged with the 6–2 loss. He also came out of the bullpen in the top of the ninth inning of Game 7 at Fenway Park and got the final out, but the Reds had already forged ahead against Cleveland's predecessor on the mound, Jim Burton, and secured a 4–3 win and the world championship. The 1975 campaign afforded Cleveland his only postseason appearances; in his four games and 11 $2⁄3$ innings pitched, he compiled a 0–1 win–loss record and a 6.17 earned run average.

He ended his regular-season MLB career with 105 wins and 106 defeats, with a 3.73 ERA, 930 strikeouts, 57 complete games (in 203 career starting assignments), 12 shutouts and 25 saves. In 1,809 innings pitched, he allowed 1,843 hits and 543 bases on balls. In, while with the Red Sox, Cleveland led the American League in fewest home runs allowed per nine innings (0.159). He allowed only 3 home runs in 170 innings pitched that year. He served as a pitching coach in the Toronto Blue Jays' organisation during the 1990s.

Personal life
He has five children, adopted sons Timothy and Jonathan Cleveland, former Olympic swimmer, and three biological children, daughter Michelle and sons Michael and Todd from his first marriage to Kathleen (née Kubicki).

title: Reggie Cleveland


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Ledo Pizza

Ledo Pizza is an American pizza restaurant chain in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States headquartered in Annapolis, Maryland. Their first pizzeria was opened in Adelphi, Maryland, in 1955 on University Boulevard (Maryland Route 193) in Adelphi Shopping Center near the University of Maryland, College Park (38.98486°N, -76.96694°W). The first franchise was granted to the Fireside Restaurant in Berwyn Heights, Maryland, in 1979. Fireside Restaurant no longer exists. There are now over 100 restaurants in Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, New York City and Washington, D.C.

Overview
Ledo Pizza is rectangular in shape and is known for its very thin crust, sweet sauce, thick pepperoni (one per slice; optional), and smoked provolone cheese, often using the tagline "Ledo Pizza is square, because we don't cut corners." The restaurant chain has been called by several names, including Ledo Pizza and Ledo Pizza and Pasta.

The original location in Adelphi, Maryland, at the Adelphi Shopping Center was established in 1955. The name on its website is "Tommy Marcos' Ledo Restaurant". The original location is not listed in the restaurant finder maintained by website. The omission from the chain's website may be related to a legal dispute between the Ledo chain and the Marcos family. The same pizza based on the same family recipe is served at T.J. Elliots in Bowie, Maryland, along with many of the other signature Italian-American and family dishes. T.J. Elliots is owned and operated by Tommy and Jimmy Marcos.

In September 2009, the Marcos family announced that the original Ledo restaurant would be moving a few miles from its original location to downtown College Park. The original location closed in July 2010, and the new location opened for business on August 27, 2010. The College Park restaurant closed in November 2020 and reopened a year later as a Ledo franchise location.

In February 2024, Ledo Pizza reached a multi-year sponsorship agreement with the Baltimore Orioles.

Recognition
In 2019, Ledo Pizza was rated #31 on the Pizza Today Top 100 Companies list with 2018 gross sales of $120,000,000 from its 106 restaurants. Ledo Pizza was named among the best pizzas in America on The Oprah Winfrey Show.

title: Ledo Pizza


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hot Tub With Eddie Trunk

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. -- Jitse Niesen (talk) 23:01, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Hot Tub With Eddie Trunk
Probable hoax. Search of Google as well as the VH1 Classic website finds no listing for this show. --Allen3 talk 17:46, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - if not a hoax, then it is non-notable JoJan 18:05, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete if not verified. Merge  to Eddie Trunk if it is real. Friday (talk) 22:20, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Fuenmayor

Fuenmayor is a town located in the province of La Rioja, Spain. It is located ten kilometers from Logroño, the capital of La Rioja.

The town borders the Ebro river, the Basque-Aragonese freeway and railroad Logroño-Vitoria. Several industries and important warehouses have benefited from this strategic situation, which has also bolstered a constant increase of the population. There are 3,159 inhabitants.INE

Religious Buildings

 * Church of Santa María
 * Hermitage of the Christ
 * Hermitage of Carmen
 * Hermitage of San Martín

Civil Buildings

 * Palace of Fernández Bazán, from the 17th century.
 * Palace of the marquises of Terán, former headquarters of the Real Junta de Cosecheros.
 * Renaissance palace in the Mayor Alta 20 street.
 * Palace of Urban del Campo
 * House Navajas.
 * El Portalón, Renaissance palace of the beginning of the 18th century.
 * Cinema Gran Coliseo, building from the thirties, first spanish cinema with hanging amphitheater and without columns in the stalls.

title: Fuenmayor


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User talk:Jehsus

Esta es mi pagina, para que el mundo me conosca. Soy Jesús González, vivo en Chile, el país mas bello, y completo del mundo. Tenemos paz, una buena y estable pero no suculenta economía, y Hay muchos miembros de La Iglesia de JESUCRISTO de los Santos de los Últimos Días.

Con cariño, humanos hermanos.

Jesús.

title: User talk:Jehsus


text:
Talk:Con Heir

Untitled
I'm trying to remember whether the episode mentioned either oompa loompas or chumba wumbas. If the former, it's a reference to Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, if the latter, it's a reference to the Family Guy episode "Wasted Talent" (two references for the price of one). Cromulent Kwyjibo 17:48, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Guest Voice of Jack
Should the fact its guest voiced by the same person (in the same voice) who did Spotswoode in Team America be mentioned? I find it ironic considering the South Park/Team America creators dislike American Dad, yet they have this as common link Mackay64 (talk) 00:11, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Con Heir


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Judiciary of Gibraltar

The judiciary of Gibraltar is a branch of the Government of Gibraltar that interprets and applies the law of Gibraltar, to ensure equal justice under law, and to provide a mechanism for dispute resolution. The legal system of Gibraltar is based on English law and is a mix of common law and statute. The hierarchical system of courts includes a magistrates' court, a supreme court and a non-resident appellate court.

Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
The highest court of appeal for Gibraltar is the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London, able to hear appeals from the Gibraltar Court of Appeal.

European Court of Justice
In relation to matters of European Community Law, the European Court of Justice is the highest authority.

Court of Appeal
The next highest court is the Court of Appeal for Gibraltar. This court is composed of an odd number of judges not fewer than three. The Chief Justice is an ex-officio member of the Court of Appeal but may not hear appeals of his own decisions.

Presidents of the Court of Appeal

 * 1970–1983: Sir Alastair Forbes
 * 1983–1991: Sir John Spry
 * 1991–1997: Sir John Fieldsend
 * 1998–2003: Sir Brian Neill
 * 2003–2004: Sir Iain Glidewell
 * 2005–2006: Sir Christopher Staughton
 * 2007–2011: Sir Murray Stuart-Smith
 * 2011–2015: Sir Paul Kennedy
 * 2015–present: Sir Maurice Kay

Supreme Court of Gibraltar
The Supreme Court is composed of four judges — the Chief Justice and a further three puisne judges appointed by the Governor. The Court hears civil and criminal proceedings, including Family Jurisdiction, Court of Protection, Admiralty Jurisdiction and Ordinary (Chancery) Jurisdiction. The Supreme Court hears appeals from the Magistrates' Court.

Subordinate courts
The lower courts are the Coroner's Court and the Magistrates' Court — this court hears mainly criminal and family cases. Below the Magistrates' Court, there are also tribunals for social security, tax and employment matters.

New buildings
New courts were opened in September 2012 by the Minister of Justice Gilbert Licudi. The new purpose-built building houses seven courts, one for a coroner, two for magistrates and four courtrooms for the Supreme Court.

title: Judiciary of Gibraltar


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Llao Llao Hotel

The Llao Llao Hotel is located in the tourist resort of San Carlos de Bariloche within the Río Negro, Argentina. This famous hotel is situated in the foothills of the Andes on a hill between the Moreno Lake and Nahuel Huapi lakes.

Information
The original hotel, designed by Alejandro Bustillo, was made almost entirely of wood and furnished by Jean-Michel Frank and Casa Comte, was destroyed by fire soon after its completion in 1939. A year later Bustillo built a new hotel out of reinforced concrete and stone, with the assistance of the German landscaping architect Hermann Botrich. It closed in 1976 due to lack of funds for maintenance. While it was closed, the hotel was exposed to robbery, vandalism and overall neglect.

It was renovated and reopened in 1993 after ownership was transferred to CEI Citicorp Holdings in compensation for Argentina government bonds. The Argentinian property company IRSA acquired the hotel in 1997 for $13.3 million and later sold 50% of its stake to the Sutton Group. In 1999 the hotel became a member of The Leading Hotels of the World, and has won many important prizes since its re-opening, including "The Best Hotel and Resort in the Argentine Hinterland" in 1999.

The hotel is the site of the annual classical music festival, Semana Musical Llao Llao.

title: Llao Llao Hotel


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Time Squad Episodes

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus (thus keep). A merge might be in order, but it would make a fairly long article already. Anyway, this is a normal editorial decision that does not need action from an administrator. -- Jitse Niesen (talk) 23:05, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Time Squad Episodes
That was a fun show... but not relevant enough to all its episodes have a page. Currently: Eli Whitney's Flesh Eating Mistake,Never Look a Trojan in the Gift Horse,The Island of Doctor Freud,Killing Time (Time Squad) and Day of the Larrys. igordebraga ≠ 17:50, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, per wiki is not paper. Kappa 21:00, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete another show that havent last long and has episodes written about them in here. This is not TV.Com --JAranda | yeah 23:47, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * As a possibility, merge all the episodes into a single article, ie List of Time Squad Episodes. A brief description of each episode (1 or 2 small paragraphs) could be included, aling with the episode list from the main article. Saberwyn 00:26, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep episodes, as per precedent. Merge is also acceptable, depending on number of articles, but anyone would be welcome to split the merge if they added episodes and/or episodic content. Xoloz 15:50, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ashida Kim (2nd nomination)

Ashida Kim
''The result was keep. The actual discussion has been hidden from view for privacy reasons but can still be accessed by following the "history" link at the top of the page. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. ''.


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Merl Saunders

Merl Saunders (February 14, 1934 – October 24, 2008) was an American multi-genre musician who played piano and keyboards, favoring the Hammond B-3 console organ.

Biography
Born in San Mateo, California, United States, Saunders attended Polytechnic High School in San Francisco. Singer Johnny Mathis was in Saunders' first band when the two were in high school. He served in the U.S. Air Force from 1953 to 1957. Saunders worked as musical director of the Billy Williams Revue and served in a similar capacity in Oscar Brown Jr.'s off-Broadway show, Big Time Buck White.

Saunders gained notice in the 1970s when he began collaborating with Jerry Garcia, with whom he had begun playing in 1971 at a small Fillmore Street nightclub called The Matrix. Saunders sat in with the Grateful Dead, and co-founded the Saunders/Garcia Band which produced three albums, and which became the Legion of Mary, with the addition of Martin Fierro (sax) in 1974. It disbanded the following year, but Saunders and Garcia continued to collaborate in the band Reconstruction during 1979, collaborating with Ed Neumeister (trombone), Gaylord Birch (drums) and John Kahn (bass).

Saunders led his own band as Merl Saunders and Friends, playing live dates with Garcia, as well as Mike Bloomfield, David Grisman, Michael Hinton, Tom Fogerty, Vassar Clements, Kenneth Nash, John Kahn and Sheila E. He also collaborated with Grateful Dead percussionist Mickey Hart in the band High Noon.

Saunders took the lead in reintroducing Jerry Garcia to his guitar, after Garcia suffered a diabetic coma in the summer of 1986.

In 1990, Saunders released the world music and New Age classic album Blues From the Rainforest, a collaboration with Garcia and Muruga Booker. This led to the release of a video which chronicled Saunders' journey to the Amazon, and the subsequent albums Fiesta Amazonica, It's in the Air, and Save the Planet so We'll Have Someplace to Boogie. One of the songs from Blues From the Rainforest was used as part of the soundtrack for the TV series Baywatch. Saunders continued to perform with the Rainforest Band for the next decade.

Saunders worked with musicians Paul Pena, Bonnie Raitt, Phish, Widespread Panic, Miles Davis, and B. B. King. He also recorded with the Dinosaurs, a "supergroup" of first-generation Bay Area rock musicians.

Saunders had his own record label, Sumertone Records (named for his children Susan, Merl Jr., and Tony), and had also recorded on Fantasy Records, Galaxy Records and Relix Records as well as the Grateful Dead and Jerry Garcia labels. Saunders worked with the Grateful Dead on the theme music for the 1985 TV show The Twilight Zone. As musical director, Saunders completed two and a half seasons of the show. He also worked on the TV series Nash Bridges, and worked on several soundtracks for movies, including Fritz the Cat and Steelyard Blues. Saunders was production co-ordinator for the Grammy Awards for two years, and for the Grammy's Greatest Moments TV special. He also supplied the music for the computer animation video Headcandy: Sidney's Psychedelic Adventure.

Saunders worked with several charitable organizations such as the Seva Foundation, the Rex Foundation, the Rainforest Action Network, and the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic, and headlined the Haight Street Music Fair for 24 consecutive years. He has been granted a Doctorate of Music by Unity College, in Unity, Maine.

In 2002, Saunders suffered from a stroke that paralyzed one side of his body and curtailed his musical career, and Saunders died in San Francisco, California, on the morning of October 24, 2008, after fighting infections as a result of complications related to the stroke; he was 74 years old. Saunders was survived by his two sons, Tony Saunders and Merl Saunders Jr. (a former senior executive director of National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences), and his daughter Susan Mora.

In December 2008, TMZ reported the estate of Merl Saunders had filed a lawsuit against the estate of Jerry Garcia, disputing royalties for a 2004 live album. Saunders' estate claimed they were not aware of the album's release and that they had equal rights to the royalties. The case was later settled amicably.

Tributes

 * On Saturday, February 14, 2009, a tribute to Merl Saunders' life and musical career was held at the Great American Music Hall. It featured actor/director Max Gail and Wavy Gravy as M.C.s, and many past musical collaborators including Grateful Dead guitarist Bob Weir, Tony Saunders, David Grisman, Michael Hinton, Melvin Seals, Michael Warren, Larry Vann, Tonedog, Misa Malone, and Bill Vitt among others.
 * A re-launch of the Rainforest Band as a tribute to Merl Saunders took place at the 29th Starwood Festival on July 25, 2009, the site of their last performance, featuring his son Tony Saunders, Michael Hinton, Misa Malone and other members of the Rainforest Band and other Saunders’ projects. Also appearing were Sikiru Adepoju on talking drum and Douglas "Val" Serrant on steel drum and djembe.

Main studio, live and compilation releases

 * 1968 - Soul Grooving - Merl Saunders Trio and Big Band
 * 1972 - Heavy Turbulence - with Jerry Garcia and Tom Fogerty
 * 1973 - Fire Up - with Jerry Garcia and Tom Fogerty
 * 1973 - Live at Keystone - with Jerry Garcia, John Kahn & Bill Vitt
 * 1974 - Merl Saunders
 * 1976 - You Can Leave Your Hat On - with Aunt Monk
 * 1979 - Do I Move You
 * 1982 - San Francisco After Dark
 * 1987 - Meridien Dreams
 * 1988 - Keystone Encores - with Jerry Garcia, John Kahn & Bill Vitt
 * 1990 - Blues From The Rainforest: A Musical Suite - Featuring Muruga Booker, Eddie Moore, Shakti, Joanie Lane aka: Jamie, Special Guest: Jerry Garcia
 * 1991 - Save The Planet So We'll Have Someplace To Boogie - Merl Saunders & the Rainforest Band
 * 1992 - Fire Up Plus - with Jerry Garcia, John Kahn, Tom Fogerty and Ron Tutt
 * 1993 - It's In The Air - Merl Saunders & the Rainforest Band
 * 1995 - Still Having Fun
 * 1997 - Keepers - Merl Saunders and Friends
 * 1998 - Fiesta Amazonica - Merl Saunders & the Rainforest Band
 * 1998 - The Twilight Zone (Vol. 1): Original Soundtrack from the TV series - Grateful Dead & Merl Saunders
 * 1998 - Merl Saunders Live With His Funky Friends
 * 2000 - Struggling Man - Merl Saunders & His Funky Friends
 * 2004 - Still Groovin' Merls final tracks recorded. Special Guest Mavis Staples, Bonnie Raitt, David Grisman and Huey Lewis. Produced by Tony Saunders
 * 2004 - Pure Jerry: Keystone Berkeley, September 1, 1974 - with Jerry Garcia
 * 2005 - Legion of Mary: The Jerry Garcia Collection, Vol. 1 - Legion of Mary with Jerry Garcia
 * 2006 - Live On Tour - Merl Saunders & Melvin Seals
 * 2006 - Well-Matched: The Best of Merl Saunders & Jerry Garcia
 * 2012 - Keystone Companions: The Complete 1973 Fantasy Recordings
 * 2013 - Garcia Live Volume Three - Legion of Mary with Jerry Garcia
 * 2016 - Garcia Live Volume Six - with Jerry Garcia
 * 2017 - Garcia Live Volume Nine - with Jerry Garcia
 * 2019 - Garcia Live Volume 12 - with Jerry Garcia
 * 2020 - Garcia Live Volume 15 - with Jerry Garcia
 * 2022 - Garcia Live Volume 18 - with Jerry Garcia

Solo, group leader or co-leader - singles

 * 1964 - "Five More / How's That" (Fantasy 588)
 * 1965 - "High Heel Sneakers / Breakin' " Through (Fantasy 600)
 * 1966 - "I Pity The Fool / Tighten Up" (Galaxy 747)
 * 1967 - "Soul Grooving / Up, Up and Away" (Galaxy 755)
 * 1967 - "Soul Roach, Pt. 1 & 2" (Early Bird 49659)
 * 1969 - "Julia / Five More" (Fantasy 620)
 * 1969 - "Mighty Whitey / Right On" (Suemer-Tone 69)
 * 1970 - "Little Bit of Righteousness / The Iron Horse" (Galaxy 776) - with Heavy Turbulence
 * 1971 - "Save Mother Earth, Pt. 1 & 2" (Fantasy 668)
 * 1972 - "My Problems Got Problems / Welcome To The Basement" (Fantasy 678)
 * 1981 - "San Francisco After Dark / Come To Me" (Summertone 214)

Various artist compilations that include previously unreleased Merl Saunders music

 * 1970 - Belafonte By Request - Harry Belafonte
 * 1972 - Black Girl (Soundtrack) - Various Artists
 * 1972 - Fritz The Cat (Soundtrack) - Various Artists
 * 1973 - Heavy Traffic (Soundtrack) - Various Artists
 * 1997 - Fire On The Mountain: Reggae Celebrates The Grateful Dead Volume 2 - Various Artists
 * 1999 - The Third Annual Gathering on the Mountain - Various Artists
 * 2000 - Gathering On The Mountain: Live Part 2 - Various Artists
 * 2000 - Gathering On The Mountain: Live Part 3 - Various Artists
 * 2000 - Sharin' In The Groove - Various Artists
 * 2001 - Into The Music: Jam Band Vol. 1 - Various Artists

Various artist compilations that include previously released Merl Saunders tracks

 * 1992 - All Night Long They Play The Blues (The Galaxy Masters) - Various Artists
 * 1993 - Bad, Bad Whiskey (The Galaxy Masters) - Various Artists
 * 1995 - Jazz Collective - Various Artists
 * 1995 - Sense Of Direction - Various Artists
 * 1996 - Televisions Greatest Hits, Vol. 6: Remote Control - Various Artists
 * 1996 - Fritz The Cat/Heavy Traffic (Soundtrack) - Various Artists
 * 2004 - Get Your Lie Straight: A Galaxy of Funky Soul - Various Artists

Playing contributions to other major albums with others

 * 1971 - Grateful Dead (Skull & Roses) - Grateful Dead
 * 1971 - Danny Cox - Danny Cox
 * 1972 - Tom Fogerty - Tom Fogerty
 * 1972 - Steelyard Blues (Soundtrack) - Various Artists
 * 1972 - Give It Up - Bonnie Raitt
 * 1972 - Europe '72 - Grateful Dead
 * 1972 - Excalibur - Tom Fogerty
 * 1973 - Oooh So Good 'n Blues - Taj Mahal
 * 1973 - Betty Davis - Betty Davis
 * 1973 - Moses - Jerry Hahn
 * 1973 - Brenda Patterson - Brenda Patterson
 * 1974 - Garcia (Compliments of Garcia)
 * 1974 - Mo' Roots - Taj Mahal
 * 1975 - Is Having A Wonderful Time - Geoff Muldaur
 * 1975 - Cesar 830 - Cesar Ascarrunz
 * 1976 - David Soul - David Soul
 * 1978 - Cats Under the Stars - Jerry Garcia Band
 * 1982 - Run for the Roses - Jerry Garcia
 * 1984 - Amagamalin Street - Robert Hunter
 * 1988 - Dinosaurs - Dinosaurs
 * 1988 - Nightfood - Brian Melvin
 * 1994 - Free Flight - Palomino Duck
 * 1996 - Life Is Like That - Jerry Miller
 * 1997 - DAVA - DAVA And The Peace Army
 * 1998 - Ticket To Fly - Mike Lawson (Recorded in '94, Released on Sumertone Records, Lawson was the only other artist on Merl's label)
 * 2000 - King Of The Highway - Norton Buffalo and The Knockouts
 * 2000 - New Train - Paul Pena
 * 2000 - Hoy Yen Ass'n - Tommy Guerrero and Gadget
 * 2001 - The Golden Road (1965-1973) - Grateful Dead
 * 2001 - Gifts From The Dead - Various Artists
 * 2002 - Remedy - Jim Weider Band
 * 2002 - Rare - Five Point Plan

Playing contributions to singles with others

 * 1972 - "Lady Of Fatima / Cast The First Stone" - Tom Fogerty (Fantasy 680)
 * 1972 - "Faces Places People / Forty Years" - Tom Fogerty (Fantasy 691)
 * 1972 - "Drive Again (Theme from Steelyard Blues) / Swing With It" - Nick Gravenites, Mike Bloomfield (Warner Bros.)
 * 1989 - "Underground" (EP) - Mike Lawson (Psychotronic Records)

Playing contributions to compilations

 * 1975 - Sampler For Deadheads (#1 of 3) - Jerry Garcia / Robert Hunter
 * 1975 - Sampler For Deadheads (#2 of 3) - Old And In The Way / Keith And Donna
 * 1977 - What A Long Strange Trip It's Been - Grateful Dead
 * 1978 - Grateful Dead Sampler - Various Artists
 * 1978 - Arista AOR Sampler - Various Artists
 * 1985 - The Relix Sampler - Various Artists
 * 1998 - Tom Fogerty/Excalibur - Tom Fogerty
 * 1999 - The Very Best Of Tom Fogerty - Tom Fogerty
 * 2000 - Furthur Most - Various Artists
 * 2000 - The Best Of David Soul - David Soul
 * 2000 - Anti Love: The Best Of Betty Davis - Betty Davis

Non-performing references on albums

 * 1975 - Keith and Donna Godchaux - Keith and Donna Godchaux
 * 1976 - For Dead Heads - Various Artists
 * 1998 - Blue Light Rain - Jazz Is Dead

Movies/DVDs

 * Fritz the Cat (1972)
 * Black Girl (1972)
 * Heavy Traffic (1973)
 * Steelyard Blues (1973)
 * Headcandy: Sidney's Psychedelic Adventure (1997) Headcandy Productions
 * A Tribute to Jerry Garcia: Deadheads Festival Japan 1997 (Japanese Laser Disc, Video Super Rock series VPLR-70650) (1997)
 * Blues from the Rainforest: A Musical Suite (1999) Mobile Fidelity
 * The Grateful Dead: The End of the Road - The Final Tour '95 (2000) Monterey Video
 * Diggers (2006)

Television

 * 34th Annual Grammy Awards (TV Special) - Production Coordinator
 * 35th Annual Grammy Awards (TV Special) - Production Coordinator
 * Grammy's Greatest Moments (TV Special) - Production Coordinator
 * Vietnam: A Television History (TV Series) - Music Performer (11 episodes, 1997)
 * The American Experience - Music Performer (6 episodes, 1997–2005)
 * The Twilight Zone 1985 (TV Series) - Music Performer and Musical Director (composer: new title theme) (72 episodes, 1985–1989)
 * Nash Bridges (TV series)
 * Tales From The Crypt (TV series)
 * Baywatch (TV series)
 * Simon and Simon (TV series)

Interview

 * Digital Interviews: Merl Saunders

Other sources

 * Clark, John Jr. "Former Grateful Dead Keyboardist Merl Saunders Dies", Rolling Stone, October 24, 2008
 * Selvin, Joel. "Star Keyboardist Merl Saunders Dies", San Francisco Chronicle, October 25, 2008
 * Obituary by The Associated Press, published in the ''Chicago Tribune

title: Merl Saunders