text:
Parochialism

Parochialism is the state of mind whereby one focuses on small sections of an issue rather than considering its wider context. More generally, it consists of being narrow in scope. In that respect, it is a synonym of "provincialism". It may, particularly when used pejoratively, be contrasted to cosmopolitanism. The term insularity (related to an island) may be similarly used to connote limited exposure.

Parish order
The term originates from the idea of a parish (Late Latin: parochia), one of the smaller divisions within many Christian churches such as the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Anglican churches.

Events, groups and decisions within a parish are based locally — sometimes taking little heed of what is going on in the wider Church. A parish can sometimes be excessively focused on the local scale (thus within a particular point of view), by having (too) little contact with the broader outside, showing meager interest for and possibly knowledge about the universal scale.

Subsidiarity is an organizing principle that matters ought to be handled by the smallest, lowest or least centralized competent authority. The Oxford English Dictionary defines subsidiarity as the idea that a central authority should have a subsidiary function, performing only those tasks which cannot be performed effectively at a more immediate or local level.

Terminology
The term "parochial" can be applied in both culture and economics if a local culture or geographic area's government makes decisions based on solely local interests that do not take into account the effect of the decision on the broader community. The term may also be applied to decisions and events that are considered to be trivial in the grand scheme of things but that may be overemphasized in a smaller community, such as disputes between neighbors.

Parochialism in politics
Parochialism can be found around the world and has sometimes been acknowledged by local institutions. For example, in a change of curriculum on February 7, 2007, Harvard University said that one of the main purposes of the major curriculum overhaul (the first in three decades) was to overcome American "parochialisms", referring in this case to a national point of view rather than one concerned with any particular small community.

The political principle of localism is that which supports local production and consumption of goods, local control of government, and local culture and identity. Localist politics have been approached from many directions by different groups. Nevertheless, localism can generally be described as related to regionalism, and in opposition to centralism.

As a pejorative, the term parish pump politics is used to describe political activity that is more evidently concerned with addressing the immediate needs of the local electorate than with strategy that might affect their long-term well-being. It is more often applied with the term Gombeenism which refers to an underhanded shady individual who is interested in making a profit for him/herself.

Cosmopolitanism versus parochialism
In 1969 Everett Carll Ladd published Ideology in America – his study of political attitudes in the Greater Hartford, Connecticut area. For context, he introduced the "conventional dichotomy" of liberal versus conservative in political thought, and contrasts this with an alternative dimension of cosmopolitanism versus parochialism. Ladd acknowledges the anticipation by Robert Merton of this localist versus cosmopolitan dichotomy.

Ladd describes a parochial leader in terms of their largely local attachments:

 * They are, typically, small businessmen and locally oriented professionals who have spent all or most of their lives in the community and whose horizons and connections are narrow and limited to it. Their orthodoxies – partly due to less formal training and partly because of their associations and contacts – are the older "prescientific" ones. They have influence not because of expertise or controlling positions in major corporate structures, but because of personal characteristics – their friendships and associations with common men (typically as voters) in the community. They reflect the hostility of their marginally "have" constituents to demands for change which threaten their economic position or social status.

He makes clear that he does not demonize the adherents of parochialism:

 * There will be a strong temptation to draw from my construction a picture of Parochials as the bad guys of the new ideological struggle. This is not intended. The response of Parochials probably is as "reasonable", given their sociopolitical position, as is that of Cosmopolitans in light of theirs. What I have tried to suggest is that however humanely inclined they may be as individuals, Hartford Parochials are fundamentally "reactionary", reacting against a new orthodoxy, a new expertise, a new complexity, and for them a new and diminished status. Parochialism is a "reactionary" ideology in a civilisation texchnicienne, one that has muffled traditional economic tensions, accumulated scientific knowledge about agonizing social problems, and acquired a staggering body of technical expertise.

The dichotomy between parochialism and cosmopolitanism, as well as provincialism and cosmopolitanism, has been challenged in recent debates aimed at highlighting the empowering value of the parochial and the local.

title: Parochialism


text:
Walter Weston

Walter Weston (25 December 1861 – 27 March 1940) was an English clergyman and Anglican missionary who helped popularise recreational mountaineering in Japan at the turn of the 20th century.

Background and early life
Weston was born 25 December 1861 at 22 Parker Street, Derby, England, the sixth son of John Weston, an elastic manufacturer, and his wife, Emma Britland. He was educated at Derby School between 1876 and 1880, where he held the school record for running the mile distance (viz., four minutes, 47 seconds). He then went up to Clare College, Cambridge, graduating BA in 1883 and MA in 1887. He studied for the Church of England's priesthood at Ridley Hall, Cambridge. He played six times for Derby County F.C. in their inaugural season, 1884–85.

Early career
Ordained a deacon in 1885, priest in 1886, Weston was appointed curate of St John's, Reading, Berkshire, in 1885. He was already a mountaineer, and in 1886 and 1887 spent periods climbing in the Alps.

Weston in Japan
Weston went to Japan as a missionary of the Church of England's Church Missionary Society in 1888, working first at Kumamoto, then serving as chaplain in Kobe from 1889 to 1895. Alternating between postings to parishes in England, Weston spent a total of fifteen years in various ministries of the Anglican Church in Japan between 1888 and 1915 including service as a SPG sponsored missionary at St. Andrew's Cathedral and Christ Church, Yokohama.

He began mountain climbing while expressing a strong interest in Japanese landscapes, traditions, customs and culture. He published Mountaineering and Exploration in the Japanese Alps (1896). As a writer and lecturer he continued to introduce Japan to an overseas audience. He gave universal currency to the term Japanese Alps, though it was first used before he came to Japan. He was instrumental in the establishment of the Japanese Alpine Club in 1906, and became its first honorary member.

Legacy in Japan
Weston and Edward Bramwell Clarke are the westerners identified with the emergence of mountain climbing as a new sport in Japan. In the past in Japan, climbing steep high peaks was considered to be an act of practicing Shinto, Shugendō and Buddhism and was hardly considered a sport. By the end of Weston's life, some British climbers referred to him as 'the father of mountaineering in Japan'. In 1937, Emperor Hirohito conferred on him the Japanese Order of the Sacred Treasures (fourth class) and the Japanese Alpine Club erected a bronze tablet in his honour at Kamikōchi in the Japanese Alps.

The Weston Park of Mount Ena was made in October 2001. Each year on 11 May, the Weston festival at the park opens the climbing season in the Japanese Northern Alps.

Later career
After returning to England during the First World War, Weston settled in London and became an active member of the Alpine Club of Great Britain, the Japan Society of London (serving on its council), and the Royal Geographical Society, which in 1917 awarded him its Back Award and a Fellowship for his work in Japan.

He was a lecturer for Cambridge University and the Gilchrist Educational Trust and established himself as a writer.

Family
On 3 April 1902, prior to the start of Weston's second extended stay in Japan, he married Frances Emily, second daughter of Sir Francis Fox, a prominent civil engineer. Frances accompanied Weston on many of his expeditions in the Japanese Alps.

Books
Weston's published books include:

 * Mountaineering and Exploration in the Japanese Alps (1896)
 * The Playground of the Far East (1918)
 * A Wayfarer in Unfamiliar Japan (1925)
 * Japan (1926)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Walter Weston


text:
User:Lisuebie

Hi- I am an expatriate US American, living in Southern Germany.

My interests mostly radiate out from living things- archeology, paleontology, biology, psychology, medicine, anything that has to do with an organism and how it survives in its environment.

Hi Lisa - nice job on the Stimmwerck page - User:Pchoate

title: User:Lisuebie


text:
Eights Coast

Eights Coast is a portion of the coast of West Antarctica, between Cape Waite and Pfrogner Point. To the west is the Walgreen Coast, and to the east is the Bryan Coast. It is part of Ellsworth Land and stretches between 103°24'W and 89°35'W. This coast is bordered by Thurston Island, Abbot Ice Shelf and some islands within the ice shelf, and for most of its length touches the Bellingshausen Sea (west of Thurston Island by the Amundsen Sea). Most of Eights Coast is not claimed by any nation. In the east, Eights Coast borders the sector claimed by Chile as part of its southernmost province. Peter I Island, 450 km north of the coast, is claimed by Norway as a dependency.

The coast was sighted by members of the US Antarctic Service by flights from the USS Bear during February 1940. It was mapped in detail by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photographs, 1960–1966. Eights Coast was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for James Eights of Albany, New York, a geologist on the ship Annawan during 1830, who performed geological investigations of the South Shetland Islands, and who cruised westward on the Annawan, in company with the ship Penguin, to 103°W. Eights, the earliest American scientist in the Antarctic, discovered the first known fossils in the Antarctic region, a tree section in the South Shetland Islands. As a result of these investigations Eights, during 1833, published in the Transactions of the Albany Institute (Vol. 2) what proved to be remarkably accurate observations and conclusions concerning the natural phenomena of the region.

title: Eights Coast


text:
Andrew Michael Ramsay

Sir Andrew Michael Ramsay (9 July 1686 – 6 May 1743), commonly called the Chevalier Ramsay, was a Scottish-born writer who lived most of his adult life in France. He was a baronet in the Jacobite peerage.

Ramsay was born in Ayr, Scotland, the son of a baker. In 1710 he visited François Fénelon in the Netherlands, and in his attraction to quietism converted to Roman Catholicism. He remained in France until 1724 writing politico-theological treatises. One of these was dedicated to the Jacobite claimant to the English and Scottish thrones, James Francis Edward Stuart. In January 1724, Ramsay was sent to Rome as tutor to James' two sons, Charles Edward and Henry. But his appointment was short-lived; Ramsay was associated with the court party of John Erskine, Duke of Mar, who fell from favour that year. By November 1724 Ramsay was back in Paris.

Ramsay was in England in 1730, and received an honorary degree from the University of Oxford. The claim was nominally his discipleship to Fénelon, but in reality beyond doubt his connection with the Jacobite party. He died at St Germain-en-Laye (Île-de-France) on 6 May 1743.

He was a Christian universalist, believing that all people would eventually be saved. He wrote "Almighty power, wisdom and love cannot be eternally frustrated in his absolute and ultimate designs; therefore God will at last pardon and re-establish in happiness all lapsed beings."

Biography
Ramsay may have been born in 1681 or 1688, but the most likely date of his birth is 9 July 1686. The son of a baker, he grew up in Ayr, in south west Scotland, and probably studied at Edinburgh University. A devout young man, he seemed destined for the ministry in the Church of Scotland, but in 1708 became tutor to the two children of David Wemyss, 4th Earl of Wemyss.

As a youth Ramsay was attracted to the mysticism of quietism as practised in the circle of George Garden at Rosehearty, centred on the teachings of Antoinette Bourignon in a community along the lines of a similar one in Rijnsburg led by Pierre Poiret, where people from different religious persuasions and social castes lived together.

In 1710 Ramsay travelled to Rijnsburg to meet Poiret and later met Jeanne Marie Bouvier de la Motte Guyon known as Mme Guyon; from there he went on to stay with the elder Fénelon at Cambrai (August 1710). He remained in his household for several years and became steady friends with the Marquis de Fénelon, a young relative of the archbishop and an ardent pupil of Mme Guyon. He wrote his Vie de Fénelon in loyal testimony to that period. From 1714 until 1716, Ramsay acted as secretary to Mme Guyon and he was present at Blois on 9 June 1717 when she died.

Although Ramsay himself was converted to Catholicism by Fénelon, conversion was not deemed an option by Mme Guyon, who strongly advised the community around her to stick to the principles of their proper faith while meditating on Pure Love. In his Life of Fénelon (London, 1723) Ramsay stated his own insights of how Mme Guyon's system had affected him. Association with Fénelon, who as preceptor of the grandsons of Louis XIV had retained huge influence at Court, caused Ramsay to be remarked by the nobility, in particular by the Comte de Sassenage, whose son he tutored from 1718 till 1722.

In 1722 Ramsay became active in high level negotiations over a tax on assets of Jacobite exiles proposed by the British government. By then Ramsay was already well acquainted with Cardinal Fleury, who after the death of the Regent Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (1723) was to be the power of state behind Louis XV.

In 1723 Ramsay was knighted into the Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem, which had originated as a Crusader military order based in France for the protection of pilgrims. In 1724 he entered the Jacobite household in Rome. Court intrigue and the impracticability of his educational task – Bonnie Prince Charlie was only three-and-a-half years old – caused him to return to Paris in the same year.

From 1725 till 1728 he stayed as an invited guest at the Hôtel de Sully under the patronage of Maximilien de Béthune, Duc de Sully, the husband of the widowed Comtesse de Vaux (daughter of Mme Guyon). During this period he was an active member of the Club de l'Entresol, an early modern think tank in Paris, in the company of such luminaries as Rene-Louis Argenson, Lord Bolingbroke and Montesquieu. Against that background he wrote his Travels of Cyrus in 1727, which made him a best-selling author in his time, and for the revised edition of which he travelled to London (1729–30) where he was again in touch with Montesquieu.

Both were elected Fellows of the Royal Society in December 1729. In 1730 Ramsay became a member of the Spalding Gentlemen's Society in Lincolnshire, a club in correspondence with the Society of Antiquaries of London. Prominent members had included Sir Isaac Newton, John Gay and Alexander Pope. Still another honour was conferred on Ramsay in 1730: the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Civil Law at Oxford University.

Prior to the conference of the academical titles (and a part of his Life of Fénelon and Travels of Cyrus) Ramsey had been remarked in the intellectual circles of his time. The influential Mémoires de Trévoux published several of his tracts – in 1732, his introduction to the mathematical work of Edmund Stone – and remained favourable throughout to his philosophical contributions. In 1719 he had published an Essai de Politique, revised in 1721 as Essai philosophique sur le gouvernement, où l'on traite de la nécessité, de l'origine, des droits, des bornes et des différentes formes de souveraineté, selon les principes de feu M.François de Salignac de la Mothe Fénelon, archvèque-duc de Cambray and published in English translation in 1722. This work supported the restoration of James Francis Edward Stuart to the British throne, and the removal of the House of Commons in favour of an aristocratic senate advising the king. A number of its key ideas are repeated both in the Life of Fénelon and The Travels of Cyrus, although Ramsay was later to embrace the necessity of the king's rule through Parliament in his Plan of Education for a Young Prince (1732). The Travels of Cyrus not only proved to be one of the best selling works of the eighteenth century, Ramsay also promulgated the view that Britain should create a world trading empire and become the 'Capital of the Universe'.

Ramsay returned to France in 1730 and, following the death of the Duc de Sully, passed into the service of the Comte d'Évreux (the original patron of the Elysée Palace), a prominent member of the family of la Tour d'Auvergne and Bouillon which had ties of marriage with the Jacobite Court, through Charlotte, the elder sister of Queen Clementina (Maria Klementyna Sobieska), and bonds of loyal friendship to the circle around Fénelon, through the Cardinal de Bouillon. It was the Cardinal de Bouillon who is said to have had the inspiration of having the family descend from Godfrey of Bouillon, thus making the Crusader King of Jerusalem the totem rather than the genetic precursor of the family (Henderson, 1952).

Ramsay's task in the Évreux household was to tutor a nephew, Godefroy Géraud, duc de Chateau-Thierry, son of the elder brother, Emanuel Theodose de la Tour d'Auvergne, Duc de Bouillon; shifting upon the death of Géraud to the tutorial of the Count's grand nephew, the Prince of Turenne, Godefroi Charles, son of Charles Godefroi, Duc de Bouillon, the head of the house.

It was for the Prince's education that Ramsay wrote the Histoire du Vicomte de Turenne, maréchal général des armées du roy (1735), using as documentary evidence (authorised by James Francis Edward Stuart) the handwritten Mémoires du Duc d'York (James II). These were the Memoirs of James II discovered by David Hume in the Scots College in Paris in 1763 in the company of Michael Ramsay, the nephew of the Chevalier. The manuscripts were lost in the French Revolution.

In June 1735 Ramsay married Marie Nairne (1701–1761), the daughter of Sir David Nairne, undersecretary to James III. For the occasion the Chevalier Ramsay was created a Scottish Knight and Baronet (23 March 1735) with remainder to heirs male. He had issue, a son and a daughter, but his son (1737–1740) died in infancy, and his daughter (1739–1758) from smallpox at the age of 19.

Ramsay lived until 1743 under the benevolent protection of the house of Bouillon, in St. Germain-en Laye, writing and studying, but above all preparing his magnum opus: Philosophical Principles of Natural and Revealed Religion, edited after his death (1748–49) by his wife and friends. The second part of this was, in Ramsay's words, "a history of the human mind in all ages, nations and religions concerning the most divine and important truths". Some "Chinese Letters" written by Ramsay remained unpublished.

Freemasonry
Ramsay was associated with Freemasonry from its introduction in France (1725–26). Charles Radclyffe, Earl of Derwentwater, who acted as Grand Master for France beginning in 1736, was present at Ramsay's funeral. It is presumed that Ramsay's being a Mason facilitated his introduction into the Gentleman's Club of Spalding, of which the prominent Masonic propagator John Theophilus Desaguliers was then also a member.

In 1736 Ramsay pronounced in Paris a public speech which defined the four qualities to become a French Freemason: philanthropy, moral values, secrecy, and empathy for sciences and fine arts.

In 1737 Ramsay wrote his Discourse pronounced at the reception of Freemasons by Monsieur de Ramsay, Grand Orator of the Order, in which he connected Freemasonry with the Crusader knights. His own stature as a Knight of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem may have inspired him, or perhaps even his zeal to propagate an alleged tradition linked to the house of Bouillon. In any case Ramsay thought his speech worthy of note by the prevailing religious authority, and he sent the text to Cardinal Fleury, asking for a Church blessing of the principles of Freemasonry as he had stated them: "The obligations imposed upon you by the Order are to protect your brothers by your authority, to enlighten them by your knowledge, to edify them by your virtues, to succour them in their necessities, to sacrifice all personal resentment, and to strive after all that may contribute to peace and unity of society."

To a Church already in difficulty over the deviating principles of the Society of Jesus, not perhaps the cited reference, but the concept of Masonic ritual was entirely preposterous. To Ramsay's letter of 20 March 1737 came Cardinal Fleury's reply at the end of March interdicting all Masonic reunions.

It is frequently mistakenly repeated that Ramsay mentioned the Knights Templar in his Discourse, when in fact he did not mention the Order at all - he mentioned the Knights Hospitaller. But perceptive listeners would have understood his mention of the Crusader knights to be an indirect reference to the Knights Templar, the memory of whom was still controversial in France and may have led to the Pope's indictment of the organization a year later.

title: Andrew Michael Ramsay


text:
Jacques Bernard (theologian)

Jacques Bernard (1 September 1658 – 27 April 1718), French theologian and publicist, who lived his entire academic career in the Dutch Republic.

Life
He was born at Nyons in Dauphiné. Having studied at Geneva, he returned to France in 1679, and was chosen minister of Venterol in Dauphiné. He moved to the church of Vinsobres. As he continued to preach the reformed doctrines (in opposition to the royal ordinance) he was obliged to leave the country and retired to Holland, where he was appointed one of the pensionary ministers of Gouda. In July 1686 he began publishing the Histoire abregée de l'Europe which he continued, monthly, until December 1688.

In 1692 he began his Lettres historiques, containing an account of the most important events in Europe. He carried on this work until the end of 1688. When Le Clerc discontinued his Bibliothèque universelle in 1691, Bernard wrote the greater part of the twentieth volume and the five following volumes. In 1698 he collected and published Actes et mémoires des négociations de la paix Ryswick, in four volumes.

In 1699 he began a continuation of Bayle's Nouvelles de la republique des lettres, which continued until December 1710. In 1705 he was unanimously elected one of the ministers of the Walloon church at Leiden; and about the same time he succeeded de Volder in the chair of philosophy and mathematics at Leiden. From 1712 until 1718 he was a full professor at the University of Leiden.

In 1716 he published a supplement to Moréri's dictionary, in two volumes folio. The same year he resumed his Nouvelles de la république des lettres, and continued it until his death. Besides the works above mentioned, he was the author of two practical treatises, one on late repentance (1712), the other on the excellence of religion (1714).

title: Jacques Bernard (theologian)


text:
Cashbox

Cashbox may refer to:

 * Cash register
 * Safe
 * Cashbox (magazine), a music industry publication, in print from 1942 to 1996

title: Cashbox


text:
Walker Mountains

The Walker Mountains (°N, °W) are a range of peaks and nunataks which are fairly well separated but trend east–west to form the axis, or spine, of Thurston Island in Antarctica.

Location
The Walker Mountains form the spine of Thurston Island, running from west to east along the length of the island. Features, from west to east, include Landfall Peak, Mount Lopez, Mount Caldwell, Henderson Knob, Mount Kazukaitis, Mount Simpson, Mount Noxon, Mount Leech, Mount Hubbard, Smith Peak, Mount Borgeson, Guy Peaks, Mount Hawthorne, Mount Bramhall, Zuhn Bluff and Parker Peak.

Discovery and Name
The Walker Mountains were discovered by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd and members of the United States Antarctic Service (USAS) in a flight from the ship Bear on February 27, 1940. They were named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-SCAN) for Lt. William M. Walker, captain of the United States Exploring Expedition ship Flying Fish which reached a point 100 mi N of Thurston Island on March 23, 1839.

Landfall Peak
-72.01667°N, -102.13333°W. Prominent peak-shaped landmark near the extreme west end of Thurston Island, about 8 nmi east-northeast of Cape Flying Fish. Discovered by members of the USAS in flights from the ship Bear in February 1940, and photographed at that time by E.B. Perce. The peak was plotted from air photos taken by United States Navy Operation Highjump (OpHjp) in December 1946, and was observed by personnel of the United States Navy Bellingshausen Sea Expedition in February 1960. So named by US-ACAN because rock exposures on the peak serve as a mark for ships approaching Thurston Island from the west.

Mount Lopez
-72.01667°N, -101.88333°W. A peak located 5 nmi east of Landfall Peak in the west part of Thurston Island. Delineated from aerial photographs taken by Operation Highjump, 1946-47. Named by US-ACAN for Ens. Maxwell A. Lopez, United States Navy, a member of the expedition who lost his life in a seaplane crash at Thurston Island on December 30, 1946.

Mount Caldwell
-72.06667°N, -101.76667°W. A peak located 3 nmi southeast of Mount Lopez. . Delineated from air photos taken by United States Navy Operation Highjump in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Captain Henry Howard Caldwell, United States Navy, captain of the seaplane tender Pine Island which explored the area during this expedition. Caldwell and five others survived a December 30, 1946 crash of a seaplane at Thurston Island.

Hendersin Knob
-72.13333°N, -101.43333°W. An ice-covered knob rising between the heads of Craft Glacier and Rochray Glacier in the southwest part of Thurston Island. First plotted from air photos taken by United States Navy Operation Highjump, 1946-47. Named by US-ACAN for aviation radioman Wendell K. Hendersin, United States Navy, a member of the expedition who lost his life in a seaplane crash at Thurston Island on December 30, 1946.

Mount Kazukaitis
-72.01667°N, -101.15°W. A peak located at the base of Hughes Peninsula in the west part of Thurston Island. Delineated from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Chief Photographer's Mate Frank Kazukaitis, United States Navy, who recorded features of the Walgreen Coast and Eights Coast on the United States Navy Bellingshausen Sea Expedition in February 1960. He served as photographer on several additional Navy Deep Freeze deployments to Antarctica.

Mount Simpson
-72.1°N, -100.75°W. A peak rising just west of the head of Hale Glacier. First mapped from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant B.L. Simpson, Jr., of United States Navy Squadron VX-6, pilot of the P2V Neptune airplane which took additional air photos of the area in January 1960.

Mount Noxon
-72.13333°N, -100.1°W. A peak rising at the head of Myers Glacier. Delineated from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Sergeant W.C. Noxon, USMC, who served as navigator on aerial photographic flights over this area by United States Navy Squadron VX-6 in January 1960.

Mount Leech
-72.08333°N, -99.98333°W. A peak standing 5 nmi northwest of Mount Hubbard. Delineated from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Robert E. Leech, entomologist who participated in a USARP airborne insect program in the Ross, Amundsen and Bellingshausen Sea areas in the 1959-60 season.

Mount Hubbard
-72.13333°N, -99.75°W. A peak standing 6 nmi east of Mount Noxon. First plotted from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Harold A. Hubbard, USGS geologist aboard the icebreaker Burton Island, who made investigations in the area in February 1960 during the United States Navy Bellingshausen Sea Expedition.

Dickens Peak
-72.13333°N, -99.31667°W A peak 1.5 nmi north-northwest of Smith Peak in north-central Thurston Island. Named by US-ACAN after Aviation Machinist's Mate J.D. Dickens, aircrewman in the Eastern Group of United States Navy (United States Navy) Operation Highjump, which obtained aerial photographs of this peak and adjacent coastal areas, 1946-47.

Smith Peak
-72.08333°N, -99.46667°W. A prominent peak rising southeast of the head of Potaka Inlet and 6 nmi east-northeast  of Mount Hubbard. Delineated from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Dean C. Smith, aviation pilot of the ByrdAE in 1928-30.

Litz Bluff
-72.18333°N, -99.13333°W An ice-covered bluff 2 nmi west of Mount Borgeson. Rock salients mark the face of the bluff. Named by US-ACAN after Ensign M. Eugene Litz, navigator and second pilot of PBM Mariner aircraft in the Eastern Group of United States Navy (United States Navy) Operation Highjump, which obtained aerial photographs of this bluff and coastal areas adjacent to Thurston Island, 1946-47.

Mount Borgeson
-72.11667°N, -99.16667°W. A peak 5 nmi east-southeast of Smith Peak. First delineated from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp, 1946-47. Named by US-ACAN for Warren T. Borgeson, topographic engineer with the United States Navy Bellingshausen Sea Expedition, who established geodetic control points in this area in February 1960.

Lowe Nunataks
-72.21667°N, -98.93333°W A cluster of low peaks or nunataks 1.5 nmi southeast of Mount Borgeson. Named by US-ACAN after Photographer's Mate W.L. Lowe, aircrewman in the Eastern Group of United States Navy (United States Navy) Operation Highjump, which obtained aerial photographs of this feature and coastal areas adjacent to Thurston Island, 1946-47.

Guy Peaks
-72.06667°N, -99.06667°W. A cluster of peaks located 3 nmi northeast of Mount Borgeson, overlooking Peale Inlet. Mapped from air photos made by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Arthur W. Guy, electrical engineer at Byrd Station, 1964-65.

Mount Hawthorne
-72.16667°N, -98.65°W. A prominent mountain rising directly south of the base of Noville Peninsula. Discovered by R. Admiral Byrd and members of the USAS in a flight from the Bear on February 27, 1940. Named by Byrd for Roger Hawthorne, field representative for the USAS, 1939-41.

Mount Bramhall
-72.16667°N, -98.4°W. A peak located 5 nmi east of Mount Hawthorne. First delineated from aerial photographs taken by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Doctor E.H. Bramhall, physicist of the ByrdAE in 1933-35.

Zuhn Bluff
-72.21667°N, -98.13333°W. Steep north-facing bluff standing about 5 nmi east-southeast of Mount Bramhall. Delineated from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp in December 1946. Named by US-ACAN for Arthur A. Zuhn, physicist with the ByrdAE in 1933-35.

Parker Peak
-72.23333°N, -97.5°W. A peak rising at the base of Evans Peninsula. Delineated from air photos taken by United States Navy Squadron VX-6 in January 1960. Named by US-ACAN for Alton N. Parker, aviation pilot of the ByrdAE in 1928-30.

title: Walker Mountains


text:
User talk:Capike

By the way, "welcome to Wikipedia" - the following might give you some links to explain a couple of things better than I can...

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Tonywalton | Talk 13:41, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

The Universal Terran Church
Well, Wikipedia is not a web directory. The external linking policy prohibits linking to blogs, Yahoo groups or other forums. They do not add to the encyclopedic nature of the article.

However, now that I see you are the author of the book used as a source for the article, and that the book is self-published and w/o an ISBN number, I think that your article violates Wikipedia conflict of interest and vanity and spam prohibitions. Most likely, it does not meet Wikipedia notability requirements as well. Therefore I am nominating it for deletion. Please note that it is considered a conflict of interest to vote in the AfD discussion without revealing your relationship to the organization and sources. Nothing personal, but I feel that you are simply using Wikipedia to promote your organization. At the very least, the article will have to be rewritten to be shorter and more encyclopedic, and your conflict of interest prohibits you from editing the article further yourself. Jefferson Anderson 17:50, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Please note that an AfD has nothing to do with "votes". It has to do with whether the article meets the three pillars of Wikipedia: verifiablity, no original research, and neutral point of view. If no reputable third-party has written about your church - if you are the only source, the article cannot appear on Wikipedia. In any case, the conflict of interest policy prohibits you or other members of the church from writing an article about it. Jefferson Anderson 21:11, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Plus, all organizations have to meet the Wikipedia notability requirements. Spamming the AfD would not have helped at all. "Votes" by associates and members are completely discounted. Only the opinions of established editors who contribute to Wikipedia in multple ways get full weight. So please don't call in your friends and family to "vote" to keep something that doesn't meet all the Wikipedia standards I've pointed out. Jefferson Anderson 21:28, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Capike


text:
Kufi

A kufi or kufi cap is a brimless, short, and rounded cap worn by men in many populations in North Africa, East Africa, West Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East. It is also worn by men throughout the African diaspora. The cap has strong associations with many Islamic cultures and pan-African pride. In the United States and the United Kingdom, it is also called a "taqiyah".

The kufi cap is not specific to any one country, although it has been perhaps most associated with Nigeria. In Togo, the kufi is made from colourful fabrics, and are often worn during important events such as weddings, festivals, and other ceremonies. In Mama Tchamba performances, the kufi is worn as an adornment during dances. Within Islamic communities in West Africa the kufi is worn during prayer.

Islamic, African and African American usage
The hat has strong associations with many Islamic cultures, as well as Pan-African pride. In West Africa, a kufi cap is the traditional hat for men, and is part of the national costume of most of the countries in the region. It is worn by Muslims, and African Christians. Many grandfathers and other older men wear a kufi every day to symbolize their status as wise elders, religious people, or family patriarchs.

Within the United States, it has become identified primarily with persons of West African heritage, who wear it to show pride in their culture, history, and religion (whether Christianity, Islam, or Traditional African religions). It is often made of kente cloth, mudcloth, or knitted or crocheted in a variety of yarns.

Crown style kufis are the traditional hat worn with formal West African attire. A formal dashiki suit will always include a crown style kufi, while the knitted style is most appropriate for non-formal occasions. Other caps worn with the dashiki, Senegalese kaftan, and grand boubou, include:

 * The aso oke hat, or fila, from Nigeria
 * The fez, or tarboosh, a wool cap with a stem from North Africa and Turkey
 * The abeti-aja, a triangular Yoruba hat, whose name means "like the ears of a dog", from Nigeria

However, the crown style kufi is most common.

In the United States today, many African-Americans wear the kufi during weddings, funerals, graduations and Kwanzaa celebrations. Furthermore, people of mainly West African heritage of all faiths wear the kufi, although it is associated more with members of the Islamic faith.

A West African king or tribal chief may have royal or noble arms embroidered on the kufi.

For members of the Christian faith, the kufi is unisex, and is also worn by women. Crochet and knitted styles are preferred by young girls and infants.

Traditionally, when worn by men, the kufi is a sign of peace, mourning, renewal or protection of the mind.

Etymology
In the Yoruba language, Ade means crown, and fila means cap. The city of Kufi is located in Yorubaland near Ibadan. Other West African names include fula, fila, and malo hat. This cap is called a kofia in the Swahili language of East Africa (see the kanzu article for further information). In the United States, the West African name, kufi, is most commonly used.

International use

Jazz rock/jazz fusion Weather Report frontman and keyboardist Joe Zawinul wore kufi caps for a long time, both on stage with the band and outside of it, in his private/personal life. He is known for having changed various kufi models throughout the passing of time as well, as shown in the live performances of Weather Report from the 1970s and 1980s. Progressive rock Dutch legend Thijs van Leer also wore kufi caps during his early career with his band, Focus, in the 1970s. He can be seen wearing one in the music video for "House of the King" (also the theme song for the British TV show Saxondale). In addition, Rush drummer Neil Peart took to wearing a kufi during performances after touring Cameroon by bicycle in 1988.

In the beginning of the 2018 American action film The Equalizer 2, the character Robert McCall, played by Denzel Washington, is seen disguised as a Muslim and wearing a kufi.

The caps were featured as dancers in the 2018 music video "All the Stars" by the artist Kendrick Lamar.

title: Kufi


text:
Michael McDonald (kickboxer)

Michael Anthony McDonald (born February 6, 1965) is a Canadian retired heavyweight kickboxer. Nicknamed "the Black Sniper", he is the former three-time K-1 USA Grand Prix Champion.

Early life
Michael was born in Birmingham to a Jamaican family, he was raised in Mandeville, Jamaica until age ten when his family later immigrated to Canada, he grew up in Edmonton, Alberta during his school years. While growing up Michael was active in a variety of sports including track and field, football, soccer, baseball and wrestling. At the age of 17 a friend introduced him to Muay Thai.

K-1 career
In 1996 Michael entered the K-1 fighting network and started to train with the 1992 Karate World Cup Champion, Andy Hug. He stayed with "Team Andy" for 3 years fighting in the K-1 Grand Prix throughout the world.

In 2000 Michael stunned a crowd of 35,000 at the K-1 World Grand Prix 2000 in Fukuoka by winning a unanimous decision over the heavily favored Nicholas Pettas. In 2002, Michael won both K-1 tournaments held in that year in United States, K-1 USA Grand Prix 2002 and K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 in Las Vegas. On December 7, 2002 he was selected for K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 Finals first reserve fight against Martin Holm.

In 2004 he re-claimed the K-1 USA 2004 North American Grand Prix Championship. He was knocked down by Marvin Eastman in the first round of the quarter-finals, but got up and dispatched his opponent with a KO in the second round. Scoring another second-round KO in the semi-final against Kelly Leo, McDonald advanced to the final. In front of a packed house of 6,000 fans at The Bellagio in Las Vegas, Michael dispatched Dewey Cooper to win the title for the third time in three years. The award was presented to McDonald by Muhammad Ali accompanied by Mike Tyson.

On August 12, 2006 he returned to Las Vegas for fifth time to re-claim the title. He won first two fights over Ariel Mastov and Imani Lee and reached the tournament finals once again but lost the title fight against Stefan Leko.

Mixed martial arts career
Michael has had two mixed martial arts fights, first against Lyoto Machida where he lost by submission (forearm choke) and next fight against fellow kickboxer Rick Roufus where he won by unanimous decision.

Titles

 * 2006 K-1 World Grand Prix in Las Vegas II runner-up
 * 2004 K-1 World Grand Prix in Las Vegas I Champion
 * 2003 K-1 World Grand Prix in Las Vegas II runner-up
 * 2002 K-1 World Grand Prix in Las Vegas Champion
 * 2002 K-1 World Grand Prix Preliminary USA Champion
 * 2001 K-1 World Grand Prix Preliminary USA runner-up
 * W.K.C. World Cruiser Weight Champion
 * W.K.A. North American Heavyweight Champion
 * Canadian Heavyweight Champion

Kickboxing record (Incomplete)
! style=background:white colspan=9 |Fails to qualify for K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 in Osaka opening round. ! style=background:white colspan=9 |Despite victory would have to withdraw from tournament due to injury. ! style=background:white colspan=9 |Fails to qualify for K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 Final. ! style=background:white colspan=9 |Wins K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 in Las Vegas I and qualifies for K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 Final Elimination. ! style=background:white colspan=9 |Fails to qualify for K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 Final Elimination but will be invited to take part in a Super Fight. ! style=background:white colspan=9 |Fails to qualify for K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 although will be invited to take part as a reservist. ! style=background:white colspan=9 |Wins K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 in Las Vegas and qualifies for K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 Final Elimination. ! style=background:white colspan=9 |Wins K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 Preliminary USA and qualifies for K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 in Las Vegas. ! style=background:white colspan=9 |Despite defeat qualifies for K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 in Melbourne. ! style=background:white colspan=9 |Makes K-1 debut. ! style=background:white colspan=9 |Fight was for ISKA World Light Heavyweight title. ! style=background:white colspan=9 |Fight was for inaugural IKF Pro Light Heavyweight World title. ! style=background:white colspan=9 |Fight was for WAKO Pro Light Heavyweight World title. ! style=background:white colspan=9 |Makes professional kickboxing debut.
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2008-09-12 || Win ||align=left|🇸🇰 Roman Kupcak || K-1 Slovakia 2008 || Bratislava, Slovakia || Ext.R KO (side kick) || 4 || 1:53
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2008-06-25 || Loss ||align=left|🇭🇰 Alain Ngalani || Planet Battle I || Hong Kong || Decision || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2007-04-21 || Loss ||align=left|🏴 James McSweeney || Cage Rage 21 || London, England, UK || Decision (majority) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2007-03-10 || Loss ||align=left| Petar Majstorovic || K-1 Fighting Network Croatia 2007 || Split, Croatia || TKO (doctor stoppage) || 5 || N/A
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2006-12-16 || Loss ||align=left|🇦🇿 Zabit Samedov || K-1 Fighting Network Prague Round '07 || Prague, Czech Republic || TKO || 3 || N/A
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2006-08-12 || Loss ||align=left|🇩🇪 Stefan Leko || K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 in Las Vegas II Final || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || TKO (gave up) || 2 || 2:45
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2006-12-16 || Loss ||align=left|🇦🇿 Zabit Samedov || K-1 Fighting Network Prague Round '07 || Prague, Czech Republic || TKO || 3 || N/A
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2006-08-12 || Loss ||align=left|🇩🇪 Stefan Leko || K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 in Las Vegas II Final || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || TKO (gave up) || 2 || 2:45
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2006-08-12 || Loss ||align=left|🇩🇪 Stefan Leko || K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 in Las Vegas II Final || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || TKO (gave up) || 2 || 2:45
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2006-08-12 || Win ||align=left|🇺🇸 Imani Lee || K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 in Las Vegas II semifinals || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2006-08-12 || Win ||align=left|🇮🇱 Ariel Mastov || K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 in Las Vegas II quarterfinals || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2006-05-20 || Loss ||align=left|🇷🇺 Magomed Magomedov || K-1 Scandinavia Grand Prix 2006 quarterfinals || Stockholm, Sweden || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2006-04-29 || Win ||align=left| Ante Varnica || Confrontation in the Ring IV || Split, Croatia || Decision (split) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2005-08-13 || Loss ||align=left|🇦🇱 Azem Maksutaj || K-1 World Grand Prix 2005 in Las Vegas II quarterfinals || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2005-05-21 || Win ||align=left|🇦🇱 Azem Maksutaj || K-1 Scandinavia Grand Prix 2005 quarterfinals || Stockholm, Sweden || Ext.R decision (majority) || 4 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2005-08-13 || Loss ||align=left|🇦🇱 Azem Maksutaj || K-1 World Grand Prix 2005 in Las Vegas II quarterfinals || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2005-05-21 || Win ||align=left|🇦🇱 Azem Maksutaj || K-1 Scandinavia Grand Prix 2005 quarterfinals || Stockholm, Sweden || Ext.R decision (majority) || 4 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2005-05-21 || Win ||align=left|🇦🇱 Azem Maksutaj || K-1 Scandinavia Grand Prix 2005 quarterfinals || Stockholm, Sweden || Ext.R decision (majority) || 4 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2004-11-06 || Loss ||align=left|🇯🇵 Noboru Uchida || Titans 1st || Kitakyushu, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2004-09-25 || Loss ||align=left|🇳🇱 Peter Aerts || K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 Final Elimination || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2004-09-25 || Loss ||align=left|🇳🇱 Peter Aerts || K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 Final Elimination || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2004-06-06 || Win ||align=left|🇯🇵 Takeru || K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 in Nagoya || Nagoya, Japan || TKO (referee stoppage) || 2 || 1:15
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2004-04-30 || Win ||align=left|🇺🇸 Dewey Cooper || K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 in Las Vegas I Final || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2004-04-30 || Win ||align=left|🇺🇸 Dewey Cooper || K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 in Las Vegas I Final || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2004-04-30 || Win ||align=left|🇺🇸 Kelly Leo || K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 in Las Vegas I semifinals || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || TKO (2 Knockdowns) || 1 || 2:09
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2004-04-30 || Win ||align=left|🇺🇸 Marvin Eastman || K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 in Las Vegas I quarterfinals || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || TKO (2 Knockdowns) || 2 || 1:25
 * - bgcolor="#c5d2ea"
 * 2004-02-14 || Draw ||align=left|🇸🇪 Larry Lindwall || K-1 Scandinavia 2004 World Qualification || Stockholm, Sweden || Draw || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2003-12-31 || Win ||align=left|🇯🇵 Hiromi Amada || Inoki Bom-Ba-Ye 2003 || Kobe, Japan || KO (left hook) || 2 || 0:46
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2003-10-11 || Loss ||align=left| Bjorn Bregy || K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 Final Elimination Super Fight || Osaka, Japan || TKO (3 Knockdowns) || 1 || 2:50
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2003-08-15 || Loss ||align=left|🇳🇱 Remy Bonjasky || K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 in Las Vegas II Final || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Ext.R Decision (split) || 4 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2003-10-11 || Loss ||align=left| Bjorn Bregy || K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 Final Elimination Super Fight || Osaka, Japan || TKO (3 Knockdowns) || 1 || 2:50
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2003-08-15 || Loss ||align=left|🇳🇱 Remy Bonjasky || K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 in Las Vegas II Final || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Ext.R Decision (split) || 4 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2003-08-15 || Loss ||align=left|🇳🇱 Remy Bonjasky || K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 in Las Vegas II Final || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Ext.R Decision (split) || 4 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2003-08-15 || Win ||align=left|🇺🇸 George Randolph || K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 in Las Vegas II semifinals || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || KO (left hook) || 1 || 0:55
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2003-08-15 || Win ||align=left|🇧🇷 Jefferson Silva || K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 in Las Vegas II quarterfinals || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || TKO (2 Knockdowns) || 2 || 2:22
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2003-07-13 || Win ||align=left| Gordan Jukić || K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 in Fukuoka || Fukuoka, Japan || TKO (referee stoppage) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2003-05-02 || Loss ||align=left|🇺🇸 Carter Williams || K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 in Las Vegas quarterfinals || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Decision (split) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2002-12-07 || Loss ||align=left|🇸🇪 Martin Holm || K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 Reserve Fight || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (majority) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2002-10-05 || Loss ||align=left|🇳🇱 Semmy Schilt || K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 in Las Vegas Final || Saitama, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2002-12-07 || Loss ||align=left|🇸🇪 Martin Holm || K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 Reserve Fight || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (majority) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2002-10-05 || Loss ||align=left|🇳🇱 Semmy Schilt || K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 in Las Vegas Final || Saitama, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2002-10-05 || Loss ||align=left|🇳🇱 Semmy Schilt || K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 in Las Vegas Final || Saitama, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2002-08-17 || Win ||align=left|🇨🇿 Pavel Majer || K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 in Las Vegas Final || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || TKO (referee stoppage) || 2 || 1:01
 * 2002-08-17 || Win ||align=left|🇨🇿 Pavel Majer || K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 in Las Vegas Final || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || TKO (referee stoppage) || 2 || 1:01
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2002-08-17 || Win ||align=left|🇫🇷 Gregory Tony || K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 in Las Vegas semifinals || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2002-08-17 || Win ||align=left|🇪🇸 Ricardo Duenas || K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 in Las Vegas quarterfinals || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || KO (body shot) || 1 || 1:25
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2002-05-03 || Win ||align=left|🇺🇸 Rick Roufus || K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 Preliminary USA Final || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Ext.R TKO (corner stoppage) || 4 || 0:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2002-05-03 || Win ||align=left|🇺🇸 Rick Roufus || K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 Preliminary USA Final || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Ext.R TKO (corner stoppage) || 4 || 0:00
 * 2002-05-03 || Win ||align=left|🇺🇸 Rick Roufus || K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 Preliminary USA Final || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Ext.R TKO (corner stoppage) || 4 || 0:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2002-05-03 || Win ||align=left|🇺🇸 Jeff Ford || K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 Preliminary USA semifinals || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || TKO (Injury) || 2 || 2:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2002-05-03 || Win ||align=left|🇨🇦 Giuseppe DeNatale || K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 Preliminary USA quarterfinals || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || TKO || 3 || 2:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2001-10-08 || Win ||align=left|🇧🇷 Glaube Feitosa || K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 in Fukuoka || Fukuoka, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2001-06-16 || Loss ||align=left|🏴 Matt Skelton || K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 in Melbourne semifinals || Melbourne, Australia || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2001-06-16 || Win ||align=left| Mirko Cro Cop || K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 in Melbourne quarterfinals || Melbourne, Australia || TKO (referee stoppage) || 1 || 1:24
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2001-05-05 || Loss ||align=left|🇺🇸 Maurice Smith || K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 Preliminary USA Final || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Ext.R Decision (split) || 4 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2001-06-16 || Win ||align=left| Mirko Cro Cop || K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 in Melbourne quarterfinals || Melbourne, Australia || TKO (referee stoppage) || 1 || 1:24
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2001-05-05 || Loss ||align=left|🇺🇸 Maurice Smith || K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 Preliminary USA Final || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Ext.R Decision (split) || 4 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2001-05-05 || Loss ||align=left|🇺🇸 Maurice Smith || K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 Preliminary USA Final || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Ext.R Decision (split) || 4 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2001-05-05 || Win ||align=left|🇺🇸 Jeff Roufus || K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 Preliminary USA semifinals || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2001-05-05 || Win ||align=left|🇺🇸 Jean-Claude Leuyer || K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 Preliminary USA quarterfinals || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || Decision (split) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2001-03-17 || Loss ||align=left| Ray Sefo || K-1 Gladiators 2001 || Yokohama, Japan || KO (right hook) || 1 || 1:56
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2000-10-09 || Win ||align=left| Nicholas Pettas || K-1 World Grand Prix 2000 in Fukuoka || Fukuoka, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 5 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2000-08-20 || Win ||align=left|🇦🇺 Phil Fagan || K-1 World Grand Prix 2000 in Yokohama || Yokohama, Japan || TKO || 2 || 1:05
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 1999-07-18 || Loss ||align=left|🇧🇦 Zijad Poljo || K-1 Dream '99 quarterfinals || Nagoya, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 1999-06-05 || Win ||align=left|🏴 Michael Thompson || K-1 Fight Night '99 || Zürich, Switzerland || Decision (unanimous) || 5 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 1999-02-03 || Loss ||align=left|🇳🇱 Peter Aerts || K-1 Rising Sun '99 || Tokyo, Japan || KO (left knee) || 2 || 2:40
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 1998-08-28 || Win ||align=left| Carl Bernardo || K-1 Japan Grand Prix '98 || Tokyo, Japan || TKO (referee stoppage) || 1 || 0:34
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 1999-06-05 || Win ||align=left|🏴 Michael Thompson || K-1 Fight Night '99 || Zürich, Switzerland || Decision (unanimous) || 5 || 3:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 1999-02-03 || Loss ||align=left|🇳🇱 Peter Aerts || K-1 Rising Sun '99 || Tokyo, Japan || KO (left knee) || 2 || 2:40
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 1998-08-28 || Win ||align=left| Carl Bernardo || K-1 Japan Grand Prix '98 || Tokyo, Japan || TKO (referee stoppage) || 1 || 0:34
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 1998-08-28 || Win ||align=left| Carl Bernardo || K-1 Japan Grand Prix '98 || Tokyo, Japan || TKO (referee stoppage) || 1 || 0:34
 * 1998-08-28 || Win ||align=left| Carl Bernardo || K-1 Japan Grand Prix '98 || Tokyo, Japan || TKO (referee stoppage) || 1 || 0:34
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 1995-08-25 || Loss ||align=left| Ray Sefo || N/A || Auckland, New Zealand || KO (left knee) || 3 || N/A
 * 1995-08-25 || Loss ||align=left| Ray Sefo || N/A || Auckland, New Zealand || KO (left knee) || 3 || N/A
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 1994-01-22 || Loss ||align=left|🇺🇸 Rick Roufus || N/A || Tahoe, Nevada, USA || KO (left hook & head kick) || 1 || 0:43
 * 1994-01-22 || Loss ||align=left|🇺🇸 Rick Roufus || N/A || Tahoe, Nevada, USA || KO (left hook & head kick) || 1 || 0:43
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 1993-06-22 || Loss ||align=left|🇵🇱 Marek Piotrowski || PKA Karatemania 6 || Montreal, Canada || TKO || 11 || N/A
 * 1993-06-22 || Loss ||align=left|🇵🇱 Marek Piotrowski || PKA Karatemania 6 || Montreal, Canada || TKO || 11 || N/A
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 1989-02-19 || Loss ||align=left| Thorne || N/A || Amsterdam, Netherlands || KO || 1 || N/A
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 1988-02-27 || Win ||align=left|🇳🇱 Coswal || Superfights I || Amsterdam, Netherlands || Decision || 5 || 2:00
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 1988 || Loss ||align=left|🇳🇱 Milton Felter || N/A || Amsterdam, Netherlands || Decision || 5 || N/A
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 1986 || Win ||align=left|🇨🇦 Darryl Weinberger || N/A || Regina, Canada || KO || 1 || 0:30
 * 1988 || Loss ||align=left|🇳🇱 Milton Felter || N/A || Amsterdam, Netherlands || Decision || 5 || N/A
 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 1986 || Win ||align=left|🇨🇦 Darryl Weinberger || N/A || Regina, Canada || KO || 1 || 0:30
 * 1986 || Win ||align=left|🇨🇦 Darryl Weinberger || N/A || Regina, Canada || KO || 1 || 0:30
 * colspan=9 | Legend:
 * colspan=9 | Legend:
 * colspan=9 | Legend:

Professional boxing record

 * style="text-align:center;" colspan="8"|2 Wins (2 Decisions), 1 Loss (1 (T)KO)
 * - style="text-align:center; background:#e3e3e3;"
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Result
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Record
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Opponent
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Type
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Round
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Date
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Location
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Notes
 * - align=center
 * Win
 * align=center|2-1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Kip Triplet
 * align=center|UD
 * align=center|4
 * 17/08/1996
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Hoquiam, Washington, United States
 * align=left|
 * Loss
 * align=center|1-1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Cecil Gray
 * align=center|TKO
 * align=center|1
 * 20/02/1992
 * align=left|🇨🇦 New Westminster, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * align=center|1-0
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Cecil Gray
 * align=center|UD
 * align=center|4
 * 10/05/1991
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Vancouver, Canada
 * align=left|
 * }
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Vancouver, Canada
 * align=left|
 * }
 * }

title: Michael McDonald (kickboxer)


text:
Medius of Larissa

Medius or Medeios (Μήδιος, Mήδειoς), son of Oxythemis, was a native of Larissa in Thessaly, an officer and friend of Alexander the Great, and a senior commander under Antigonus I Monophthalmus.

Origin and service under Alexander
Medius belonged to a noble Thessalian family, possibly related to the Aleuadae clan. According to Diodorus Siculus (Library of History, XIV.82), his namesake grandfather was a dynast in Larissa in 395. He is first mentioned as commanding a trireme during the descent of the Indus River (Arrian, Indica, 18) in 326 BC, but according to the historian Richard Billows it is likely that he was a member of Alexander the Great's expedition into Asia from the beginning, possibly within the ranks of the Thessalian cavalry. He enjoyed a high place in the personal favor of Alexander, becoming one of his hetairoi and most prominent courtiers during the Macedonian monarch's last days: he hosted the banquet where Alexander supped just before his final illness. Plutarch (Moralia, 65) accuses him of being among the shameless flatterers who drove Alexander to some of his most reprehensible actions. In later literature, e.g. the Alexander romance, he was considered a member of Antipater's conspiracy to poison Alexander, which took place during the banquet hosted at his house.

Service under Antigonus
After the death of Alexander, he served under Perdiccas, who in 320 BC sent him as commander of the mercenaries in Aristonous of Pella's expedition to Cyprus. He subsequently appears in the service of Antigonus Monophthalmus, perhaps being captured when Cyprus was taken over by Antigonus shortly after. In late 313 BC, he commanded a fleet summoned by Antigonus from Phoenicia to Caria. On the way he defeated and took thirty-six ships of the Pydnaeans, who had espoused the party of Cassander (Diodorus, XIX.69). According to the historian Hans Hauben (Het vlootbevelhebberschap in de vroege diadochentijd (323-301 vóór Christus), 1975), Medius was probably appointed by Antigonus as the chief admiral of his fleet, a post he kept at least until 304 BC. In 312 BC he took Miletus, and afterwards relieved the city of Oreus in Euboea, which was besieged by Cassander himself (Diodorus, XIX.75). In the same year he was dispatched by Antigonus with a fleet of 150 ships, to make a descent in Greece, and landed a large army in Boeotia under Ptolemy; after which he returned to Asia to co-operate with Antigonus himself at the Hellespont (Diodorus, XIX.77). Based on an inscription in Athens, in c. 307/6 BC he provided assistance to the Athenian embassy to Antigonus' court.

In 306 BC, he commanded the fleet in Demetrius Poliorcetes' expedition to Cyprus, and led the crucial eastern flank of the Antigonid fleet in the great sea-fight off Salamis against Ptolemy of Egypt (Diodorus, XX.50), which ended in a major victory for the Antigonid forces. It appears also that he accompanied Antigonus on his unsuccessful expedition against Ptolemaic Egypt in the same year. In 304 BC he was active in Greece alongside Demetrius. His fate thereafter is unknown, but he is mentioned again in an inscription in Gonnoi in Thessaly, probably dating to the period when Demetrius was king of Macedonia, implying that Medius continued to serve Demetrius even after the defeat and death of Antigonus at the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC.

His authority is cited by Strabo (XI.530) in a manner that would lead us to conclude he had left some historical work, but we find no further mention of him as a writer.

title: Medius of Larissa


text:
Black Dahlia (disambiguation)

The Black Dahlia is a nickname given to 1940s murder victim Elizabeth Short.

Black Dahlia or The Black Dahlia may also refer to:

Works based on the murder

 * Who Is the Black Dahlia? (1975 TV movie)
 * The Black Dahlia (novel), by James Ellroy
 * The Black Dahlia (film), a 2006 film by Brian De Palma
 * The Black Dahlia (graphic novel), by Alexis Nolent and David Fincher, also based on Ellroy's novel
 * Black Dahlia (film), a 2006 film by Ulli Lommel
 * Black Dahlia (video game), a 1998 computer adventure game

Music

 * The Black Dahlia Murder (band), a melodic death metal band
 * "Black Dahlia" (song), a 2008 song by Hollywood Undead
 * "Black Dahlia", a song by Anthrax from We've Come for You All
 * The Black Dahlia, a 2001 jazz orchestral composition by Bob Belden
 * "Black Dahlia", a song by Porcupine Tree from The Incident
 * "Black Dahlia", a song by Angel Haze from Dirty Gold

title: Black Dahlia (disambiguation)