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Inter-Tribal Environmental Council

The Inter-Tribal Environmental Council (ITEC) was set up in 1992 to protect the health of Native Americans, their natural resources, and environment. To accomplish this ITEC provides technical support, training and environmental services in a variety of disciplines. Currently, there are over forty ITEC member tribes in Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas. The ITEC is an example of the Native American Pan-Indian Organizations and Efforts.

The ITEC office has a full-time staff of twenty-two who organize and provide services to the individual ITEC member tribes. In addition, they assist individual tribes with other environmentally related issues and concerns as they arise.

The Cherokee Nation, as the leading agency in the ITEC, has been at the forefront of protecting natural resources, health, and the environment for the tribal community. Through their five stationary air-monitoring stations and one mobile air-monitoring station, the largest tribally owned and operated system of its kind in the United States, they provide quality environmental data to rural and tribal communities.

ITEC has received funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Example of Native Americans' concern for the Environment
Marine Mammal Protection Act: Reauthorization Issues for the 107th Congress

Native American culture and tradition has always revered animals as a part of nature that must be preserved. Historically, Native Americans have relied on animals for subsistence needs; so naturally many tribes and indigenous groups are concerned about the management of marine mammals. The long-term goals of tribes and indigenous groups under the Marine Mammal Protection Act are economic stability, resource sustainability, and regulatory certainty. Native Americans also believe that managing our environment and our interactions with animals "fosters economic vitality, environmental health, and rational management of natural resources."

Clean Air Program
The CNEP Clean Air Program operates one of the largest tribal air monitoring networks in the country. It operates five air monitoring sites within tribal jurisdictional boundaries in Oklahoma. The criteria pollutants being monitored include carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxides, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter.

 * The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments
 * Title I Attainment and Maintenance of Air Quality Standards
 * Title II Mobile Sources
 * Title III Hazardous Air Pollutants
 * Title IV Acid Deposition Control
 * Title V Operating Permits
 * Title VI Stratospheric Ozone Protection
 * Title VII Enforcement

General Assistance Program (GAP)
The United States Congress authorized the Environmental Protection Agency to develop a technological assistance program for Native Americans through the Indian Environmental General Assistance Program Act of 1992.

Four main components:
 * Infrastructure Development
 * Skills and Training Development
 * Needs Assessment
 * Environmental Program Development

The principal objective of the GAP program is to provide opportunities for its member tribes to assess, evaluate and develop plans to address environmental and public health issues. Tribes that desire multi-media programs that address environmental issues can receive technical assistance through the GAP program.

The Environmental Protection Agency provides $1 million per year to tribes through their General Assistance Program (GAP). This money helps the tribes build environmental protection capacity and clean up dump sites. Member tribes close between 50 and 100 dumps every year, put infrastructure in place to prevent dumping, develop plans, and pass codes and ordinances.

ITEC Brownfields Response Program (IBRP)
The IBRP is designed to assist Native American tribes with identifying tribal property that may or may not have contamination, and then assisting with the clean up process.

"[A] brownfields site is an abandoned, idle, or underused industrial/commercial facility where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination." One such example is the Markoma Bible Academy of Tahlequah, Oklahoma, which was contaminated with asbestos and lead-based paint. The Cherokee Nation cleaned, remediated, and refurbished the site to create a Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) care center.

IBRP staff will be available to perform a Phase 1 Environmental Site Assessment on the potentially contaminated property. If the property is indeed contaminated, a Phase II Assessment may also be performed at the request of the tribe. After the assessment stage(s) are completed and the specific contaminate(s) are identified, "tribal staff can make decisions regarding clean-up of the site. IBRP staff will be available to assist in this process."

After clean-up, the site will be ready for redevelopment. Because each property is unique, the tribal staff will know what the best reuse of the property should be. IBRP staff will be available to assist in this process. IBRP staff has experience in performing site assessments and site characterizations on contaminated properties and we are looking forward to working with the ITEC tribes in this growing program.

Solid Waste Program

The ITEC Subtitle D program provides these benefits to members of the ITEC:
 * Development of a Tribal illegal dump database and corresponding maps using
 * Global Positioning Systems and Geographical Information Systems instruments and software
 * An ITEC-sponsored workshop addressing Tribal solid waste enforcement issues a feasibility study on Tribal disposal methods
 * Technical assistance including illegal dump assessments for use in grant proposals (i.e. Open Dump Cleanup Grant Proposals)
 * Distribution of a model Tribal integrated solid waste management plan and model solid waste codes and ordinances
 * Information on environmental initiatives such as Earth Day and America Recycles Day to ITEC member Tribes.
 * Coordination with state and federal entities to promote proper solid waste management practices

Superfund Program
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), more commonly known as Superfund, was enacted by Congress on December 11, 1980. Superfund is a federally funded program that provides for the evaluation and cleanup of abandoned hazardous waste sites. CERCLA also established compensation for stakeholders, such as Indian Tribes, who own land on which there are hazardous waste sites, negatively affecting economy and valuable resources.

The Superfund Program can provide non-emergency evaluation of a site on behalf of an ITEC member tribe only if these three criteria are met:
 * 1)  Hazardous waste (as defined in CERCLA) is known or suspected to be present on site.
 * 2) The site, such as an industrial facility, is abandoned or inactive.
 * 3) Wastes on the site are impacting, or have the potential to impact, tribal lands or tribal populations.

Underground Storage Tank Program (UST)

Environmental/Governmental regulations regarding underground storage tanks have been issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. "The regulations cover the design, construction and installation of new UST systems, and require that existing systems meet certain EPA standards. The regulations require that owner/operators of UST systems demonstrate financial responsibility for the cleanup of spills or releases, and/or to compensate third parties for any resulting damages." Today there are over 560 separate federally‐recognized tribal governments throughout the United States. Of these tribes, approximately 200 have active or closed federally‐regulated underground storage tanks (USTs or tanks) on their lands. There are currently about 2,600 active USTs in Indian country.

UST training is provided to tribal environmental professionals, UST owners and operators by ITEC through EPA grants. The ITEC has one of the longest running working relationships with EPA on UST issues and offered the first UST owner/operator training through an EPA grant in 2000. To date, over 260 individuals have participated in the training and ITEC continues to provide about six Indian country owner/operator trainings a year. The EPA recommends that states inspect underground storage tanks every three years, however, Tribes are not under the same guidelines as states. Most USTs have been upgraded, but many are not properly maintained and operated.

title: Inter-Tribal Environmental Council


text:
Talk:Marvin Braude

Let me know
When searched for Marvin Braude I get Marvin Braude Mulholland Gateway Park. The address says Tarzana which could mean Tarzana, California. It says its in the Santa Monica Mountains. It mentions Reseda Boulevard. Please let me know if you find anything out. --Sandove89 16:12, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Style guidelines for biographies of California public officials
Virtually all of the biographies of Los Angeles City Council or Los Angeles Common Council members—several score right now—follow the precepts of the above page, and so I have reverted the changes made to the Marvin Braude page by an editor who apparently was not aware of them. The guidelines serve the purpose of keeping consistency across a similar kind of biographical article, and they do not contradict any WP:Policy. Thank you so much, and have a good life! Yours, GeorgeLouis (talk) 23:11, 23 February 2012 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Marvin Braude


text:
Washington Bridge (Harlem River)

The Washington Bridge is a 2375 ft-long arch bridge over the Harlem River in New York City between the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. The crossing, opened in 1888, connects 181st Street and Amsterdam Avenue in Washington Heights, Manhattan, with University Avenue in Morris Heights, Bronx. It carries six lanes of traffic, as well as sidewalks on both sides. Ramps at either end of the bridge connect to the Trans-Manhattan Expressway and the Cross Bronx Expressway, and serves as a connector/highway to the highway itself.

The two-hinged arch bridge was designed by Charles C. Schneider and Wilhelm Hildenbrand, with modifications to the design made by the Union Bridge Company, William J. McAlpine, Theodore Cooper, and DeLemos & Cordes, with Edward H. Kendall as consulting architect. The bridge features steel-arch construction with two 510 ft main arches and masonry approaches. The bridge is operated and maintained by the New York City Department of Transportation. It once carried U.S. Route 1, which since 1963 has traveled over the Alexander Hamilton Bridge. The Washington Bridge is designated as a city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Washington Bridge had been planned since the 1860s, but progress was delayed for two decades due to various disputes. The final plan was chosen and modified after an architectural design competition in 1885, and work began in July 1886. Pedestrians with passes could use the bridge by December 1888, and the Washington Bridge was being used for regular travel by the next year, though an official opening ceremony never took place. At the Washington Bridge's completion, it was widely praised as an architectural accomplishment of New York City. Automobiles were able to use the bridge after 1906. After the George Washington Bridge across the Hudson River, connecting to New Jersey in the west, was completed in 1931, the Harlem River crossing served as a connector for traffic between New Jersey and the Bronx. The Alexander Hamilton Bridge was completed in 1963, diverting traffic from the Washington Bridge. After a period of deterioration, the Washington Bridge underwent reconstruction from 1989 to 1993.

Description
The Washington Bridge is an arch bridge over the Harlem River composed two large steel arches flanked at either end by masonry viaducts. Its total length, including approaches, is 2375 ft. It connects West 181st Street in Washington Heights, Manhattan, with University Avenue in Morris Heights, Bronx. Within the bridge's vicinity, the Harlem River is in a valley between Manhattan to the west and the Bronx to the east; the terrain on the Manhattan side is steeper than on the Bronx side.

The bridge was designed by Charles C. Schneider and Wilhelm Hildenbrand, with Edward H. Kendall as consulting architect. Modifications to the design were made by the Union Bridge Company, chief engineer William J. McAlpine, consulting engineer Theodore Cooper, and cornice architect DeLemos & Cordes. Alfred Noble and John Bogart served as resident engineers while Frank A. Leers was engineer for the construction contractors. The construction of the bridge was subcontracted to steel contractor Passaic Rolling Mill Company and masonry contractor Myles Tierney. Work was subcontracted to Anderson and Barr for caissons, John Peirce for granite, Barber Asphalt Paving Company for the roadway, and Spang Steel Works and Union Mills for the steel production. The granite was from Maine, while the light gray gneiss ashlar was from Connecticut. Gneiss from nearby quarries and excavations was also used, as was Rosendale cement. Over 8000 ST of steel was used for the bridge's arches.

The bridge carries six lanes of traffic and a sidewalk on each side. The roadway was originally made of granite, subsequently repaved in asphalt, while the sidewalks were made of bluestone. As built, the bridge deck was 80 ft wide, with a roadway of 50 ft and sidewalks of 15 ft. The modern crossing contains sidewalks of 6 ft, as well as two 30 ft roadways separated by a median. The Washington Bridge carries the bus routes, operated by New York City Bus. In 2016, the New York City Department of Transportation, which operates and maintains the bridge, reported an average daily traffic volume in both directions of 57,647. The peak ADT over the Washington Bridge was 68,075 vehicles in 2000.

Over-river span
The two main steel arches of the bridge are each 510 ft long. The western arch traverses the Harlem River as well as Bridge Park on the Bronx shore. The eastern arch crosses the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line and the Major Deegan Expressway (carrying Interstate 87). The arches provide 134 ft of vertical clearance at mean high water.

Arches
Each of the arches consists of six large girders made of riveted steel beams, with heavy chords at the top and bottom. The ribs are 13 ft thick, with minor variations because of the varying thicknesses of the plates that were used in the beams. The ribs run parallel to each other and are spaced 14 ft apart. The ribs are riveted together with both diagonal and perpendicular bracing. This made the Washington Bridge the first in the United States where the ribs of the arch were made of plate girders. Because the ribs were riveted, the bridge was classified by architectural writer Carl W. Condit as a two-hinged arch bridge.

Unusually for arch bridges of the time, the deck lacks diagonal bracing, instead being supported by beams running horizontally and vertically. The beams, spaced about 15 ft apart, are built of plates and angles. Posts extend from the extrados of the ribs, supporting the floor beams. The posts are rigidly attached to the ribs' flanges and the horizontal and vertical beams; they are connected and braced transversely.

The sides of the deck are flanked by cornices with denticulation and modillions. There are shield and branch motifs below the cornice, as well as decorative balustrade poles with shell and seahorse motifs above each shield. The balustrade contains egg-and-dart motifs on their top rails, as well as alternating Ionic columns and decorative torch-and-scroll medallions between each decorative pole. Chain-link fences run atop the original barricades.

Piers
The arches sit between three main piers: one on either end, adjacent to the masonry approach viaducts, as well as one between the arches on the eastern bank of the Harlem River. At the skewbacks, from which the arches rise, the main piers are 40 ft wide and 98 ft long. The sections of piers above each skewback are made of vertical "cells" and rise nearly 100 ft to the bottom of the bridge deck. The interiors of the piers are made of rubble masonry, although the center and eastern piers also contain concrete. The sections of piers below each skewback are solid, made of concrete, and clad with ashlar.

A balustrade of solid granite sits atop each of the piers, surrounding balconies that protrude from either sidewalk. The balconies atop each pier once supported illuminated seating areas with lampposts made of cast bronze.

Approaches
The masonry approach viaducts at either end both contain three semicircular concrete arches, clad in granite and gneiss ashlar. There is a seventh, elliptical arch over Undercliff Avenue on the Bronx side of the bridge. The centers for all seven arches were all erected simultaneously to provide structural stability. There are voussoirs running along the tops of these arches, with keystones at the center of each arch. Each of the semicircular arches are 60 ft wide and are carried by piers that are 13 ft thick. The tops of the viaducts contain granite balustrades with circular openings, which rest atop short granite cornices with brackets. When the bridge opened, the circular openings of these balustrades included fleur-de-lis ornaments made in bronze. The approach viaducts also originally contained lampposts made of cast bronze.

At the western end of the Washington Bridge, there are ramps to and from the Trans-Manhattan Expressway, carrying Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 9. The approach viaduct crosses Harlem River Drive, which runs along the western shore of the Harlem River. The bridge's main roadway continues west to the intersection of 181st Street and Amsterdam Avenue (formerly Tenth Avenue), adjacent to Highbridge Park. The distance between the end of the masonry approach and the intersection with Amsterdam Avenue is 200 ft. The intersection is 27 ft higher than the bridge deck, necessitating a 3.5 percent upward slope. The entrance to the northern sidewalk is in McNally Plaza, slightly northeast of the intersection of 181st Street and Amsterdam Avenue. The entrance to the southern sidewalk is from the southeastern corner of the intersection.

The Bronx approach viaduct contains three semicircular arches, as well as an elliptical arch with a width of 56 ft. Along this approach, a grass median strip once separated the westbound and eastbound lanes. In the original design, there was a granite staircase with bluestone steps, which led to Boscobel Place just south of the bridge. At the eastern end of the bridge, the westbound and eastbound lanes diverge from each other and merge with the Cross Bronx Expressway (I-95 and US 1). A pair of entrance and exit ramps lead to an interchange with University Avenue; the eastbound exit also provides access to Edward L. Grant Highway, which diverges from University Avenue to the south. The entrance and exit ramps to University Avenue also carry the northern and southern sidewalks; the southern sidewalk abuts Bridge Playground. There was a 3.5 percent downward slope from the deck to the original bridge terminus at Aqueduct Avenue. The distance between the end of the masonry approach and the intersection with Aqueduct Avenue was 300 ft.

Early plans
Planning for a bridge carrying pedestrians and transit between the West Bronx and Washington Heights, in Upper Manhattan, dates to the 1860s. The nearby High Bridge, which had been completed in the 1840s, carried the Croton Aqueduct. A crossing slightly north of the High Bridge was first proposed by Andrew Haswell Green, a member of Central Park's board of commissioners. The board had been tasked, in 1868, with laying out streets in Upper Manhattan. Green had suggested constructing bridges and tunnels across the Harlem River between Manhattan and the Bronx, the latter of which was then in Westchester County. He specifically desired a suspension bridge to be built about 1/4 mi north of the High Bridge, with a deck slightly higher than the High Bridge's. That crossing was authorized by the New York State Legislature in 1869, and the New York City Department of Public Parks received authority to plan and build bridges across the Harlem River the next year. No further progress was made for several years. The city contemplated widening the High Bridge so that horse-drawn carriages could use that bridge, but ultimately decided against it.

The New York Supreme Court appointed a group of commissioners in February 1876 to acquire land for the bridge. The commissioners condemned a strip of land 100 ft wide between Tenth Avenue in Manhattan and Aqueduct Avenue in Westchester. Two years later, several prominent men signed a memorial urging the construction of a suspension bridge slightly north of the High Bridge, which if built would help alleviate the growing traffic between Manhattan and Westchester. In February 1881, Department of Public Parks chief engineer William J. McAlpine presented four alternative bridge designs: a suspension bridge with half-suspension approaches, a suspension bridge with masonry approaches, an iron cantilever bridge, and a masonry-arch viaduct. In each of these plans, the deck was to be 50 ft wide, with two sidewalks flanking a 35 ft carriageway. The masonry-arch design was recommended as more monumental and durable, but no further progress was made on that plan. The Parks Department received other plans for cantilever and arch bridges in 1883.

Bridge commission and design competition
As the Parks Department had made no progress on the Harlem River bridge in fifteen years, Andrew Green requested that another agency be tasked with the bridge's construction. The New York State Legislature finally transferred authority to a new Harlem River Bridge Commission in June 1885 under Chapter 487 of the Laws of 1885. The bill called for the appointment of three commissioners, although mayor William Russell Grace delayed the selection of these commissioners for a month, believing the bridge's cost to be excessive. Vernon H. Brown, Jacob Lorillard, and David James King were named as the commissioners in July, while McAlpine was named as the chief engineer that September.

The commissioners decided to host an architectural design competition for the new bridge, which they hoped would rival the then-new Brooklyn Bridge in stature. The competition was advertised in October 1885. The submissions were required to include an over-river crossing at least 400 ft long, a metal superstructure, masonry piers, and an 80 ft deck. In December 1885, the commissioners received 17 designs, selecting four for further examination. The Union Bridge Company presented plans for a bridge with three granite-faced arches, each 208 ft long. The Commission had wished to accept the proposal, but the company withdrew it when the Commission questioned the legality under the provisions of the 1885 legislation of using "artificial stone" for the bridge's structural elements. The Commission nonetheless believed it would be satisfactory, but neither side wished to undertake the expense and delay of a formal legal determination. The commissioners also rejected the idea of an all-masonry bridge, instead choosing a metal and stone hybrid.

A board of experts were appointed to select the competition's winners. The first prize was awarded in March 1886 to Charles Conrad Schneider and the second prize to Wilhelm Hildenbrand. Schneider's plan was deemed too costly; the proposal, assessed at $3 million (equivalent to $ million in ), brought criticism from the New-York Tribune. McAlpine requested Julius W. Adams to prepare a plan for a bridge of masonry, although it would fail to meet the terms of the competition. The Union Bridge Company presented a modified plan combining Schneider's and Hildenbrand's proposals, with steel ribs made of solid webs, although it was also rejected by the commission. The company then submitted a plan that used steel plate girders, which the commission accepted after McAlpine and Cooper modified it.

Construction
In April 1886, the commissioners received bids for the masonry and metalwork. The commissioners wished for one contractor to oversee all work, so all the bids by specialist contractors were rejected. On July 14, 1886, the commissioners awarded a general construction contract to steel contractor Passaic Rolling Mill Company and masonry contractor Myles Tierney. The same month construction began, McAlpine resigned as chief engineer and William Rich Hutton was appointed in his place. After work was begun, the plans were changed to include a cornice made by Jackson Architectural Iron Works, designed by DeLemos & Cordes. The project involved over 500 workers in total. During construction, the crossing was known as the Manhattan Bridge; it was also known during planning as the New Harlem Bridge or the Boscobel Bridge, the latter after a landowner on the Manhattan side.

The builders leased land on both banks of the Harlem River so material could be delivered and stored. Because the western bank of the river contains a sharp bluff, the materials for the western bank were delivered in small quantities or stored on the eastern bank. A wharf with derricks and tracks was built, and a single-track inclined plane was constructed from the wharf to the western end of the approach viaduct. A hoisting engine, at the top of the incline, lifted materials to the work site, where derricks moved material from the truck directly into place. Another wharf was built on the east bank of the river, and a 12 ft channel from both wharves was dredged 1500 ft south to the High Bridge. Material from the east wharf was initially hauled to its place by wagons. In early 1886, a trestle platform with tracks was installed between the eastern wharf and Sedgwick Avenue, which runs close to the coastline.

The layer of bedrock under the Harlem River Manhattan Bridge's westernmost large pier was close to the ground, and it was ready for masonry by October 1886. The foundation of the central pier was built upon a timber caisson, to be sunk by compressed air; work on the caisson began in September 1886. The caisson was sunk to the underlying bedrock, which ranged between 17 and 40 ft beneath mean high water. The caisson was sunk starting in November 1886 and had reached its final depth six months later, after which masonry work began. A similar caisson was sunk for the eastern pier, near Sedgwick Avenue, and masonry work on that pier began in October 1886. Work progressed with little interruption, other than a one-day work stoppage, as well as cold weather in early 1887 that delayed work on the superstructure. By mid-1887, the piers were nearly completed and more than half the required steel had been cast.

The arches were constructed on falsework. Construction on the frames of the masonry arches was commenced in September 1887 and they were all enclosed by early 1888. The eastern metal arch across the railroad tracks was fabricated from September to December 1887 and installed in January 1888. This was followed two months later by the installation of the western arch above the river. On average, two hundred men were involved in the installation of the main arches between September 1887 and May 1888. Both the main arches and the approaches required extensive scaffolding. The rubble-masonry interior walls of the approach viaducts were installed between April and July 1888. By the beginning of that July, the deck was nearly completed. The roadway and sidewalks were laid from August to November of the same year. Overall, the bridge cost $2.85 million to construct,.

Opening and early years
Work on the Harlem River Manhattan Bridge was substantially completed in December 1888, and pedestrians with special passes were allowed to informally use it. The crossing was turned over to the Harlem River Bridge Commission, which voted to name it after president George Washington in February 1889 in honor of his birthday and the centennial of his inauguration. The Washington Bridge's new name also reflected the fact that the nearby Washington Heights and Fort Washington were also named after him. The proposed opening date in February was postponed because of bad weather. That March, a horse and buggy became the first vehicle to cross the bridge, although it did so without permission, since only pedestrians were allowed to cross at that time. The Hudson River Bridge Commission took ownership of the completed bridge the same month, although the bridge remained closed due to legal disputes.

By the first week of May 1889, the Evening World reported that pedestrians and vehicles had been using the Washington Bridge for a week. Ultimately, the bridge never formally opened because of disagreement between the city and the bridge commission. In December 1889, members of the public decided to tear down the barricades that had barred access to the bridge. When the first person jumped to his death from the Washington Bridge in August 1890, The New York Times reported that the bridge had been in use for eighteen months. However, as late as 1891, the bridge was still recorded as being "unopened" because of disputes over maintenance.

The Interborough Railway Company announced plans in 1902 to operate a network of streetcar lines in the Bronx, including a line across the Washington Bridge and 181st Street. After some dispute, the company received a franchise for a 181st Street streetcar line in 1904. The Washington Bridge was opened to automobile and streetcar traffic two years later on May 31, 1906, with two tracks for the Interborough Railway Company. The tracks were ultimately used by four Bronx streetcar routes: the Ogden Avenue, 167th Street, 181st Street, and University Avenue routes (now respectively the Bx13, Bx35, Bx36, and Bx3 buses). By the 1910s, West 181st Street in Manhattan was seeing rapid growth because of the streetcar routes over the bridge, as well as because of the opening of the New York City Subway's 181st Street station.

Crosstown connector
Vehicular traffic along the Washington Bridge grew over the years and, by 1928, the city's Department of Plant and Structures was studying a plan to reduce the width of the sidewalks to make space for additional vehicular lanes. The next year, the department requested $300,000 to widen the bridge (equivalent to $ million in ) in conjunction with the construction of a suspension bridge over the Hudson River from the west side of Manhattan to New Jersey. A contract for the work was awarded to Poirier and McLane in November 1929, which entailed widening the roadway by 14 ft and moving the trolley tracks. The work was expected to take about one year. The crossing of the Hudson River was subsequently named the George Washington Bridge, prompting concern that the bridges could be confused. The chairman of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which controlled the George Washington Bridge, defended the decision by saying that the Washington Bridge over the Harlem River was often called the 181st Street Bridge. After the George Washington Bridge opened in late 1931, traffic between New Jersey and the Bronx used local streets between the two bridges until the 178th Street Tunnel opened from Amsterdam Avenue to the George Washington Bridge in 1940. The Washington Bridge over the Harlem River was signed as part of U.S. Route 1 in New York in mid-December 1934.

Most streetcar service was withdrawn from the Washington Bridge in October 1947 and replaced by bus service, with only the 167th Street streetcar remaining. That route was replaced with bus service the following July. Work on a widening of the Washington Bridge began in June 1949. The streetcar tracks were removed, and a median barrier was built between the two directions of traffic, creating two 30 ft granite roadways with three lanes. To make way for the widened roadways, the granite sidewalks were narrowed. Work also began on the 179th Street Tunnel, paralleling the congested 178th Street Tunnel, as well as on the Highbridge Interchange, which included direct ramps from the Harlem River Washington Bridge to the 178th–179th Street Tunnels. The widening was finished by 1950, and the tunnel and interchange opened on May 5, 1952.

Mid-20th century to present
The Harlem River Washington Bridge continued to be a bottleneck for crosstown traffic. In 1955, city planner Robert Moses conducted the Joint Study of Arterial Facilities, which recommended additional highways to relieve traffic across New York City, including a bridge parallel to the Washington Bridge. Accordingly, the Alexander Hamilton Bridge and Trans-Manhattan Expressway were respectively planned as bypasses for the Washington Bridge and the 178th–179th Street Tunnels. These projects would connect the Bronx and New Jersey directly via the Interstate Highway System, accommodating increased traffic in construction with the addition of a lower level to the George Washington Bridge. The expressway and bridge's lower deck opened in 1962. The completion of the Alexander Hamilton Bridge in April 1963 resulted in traffic decreases on the Washington Bridge. U.S. 1 was rerouted to the Alexander Hamilton Bridge.

Mayor John Lindsay proposed enacting tolls along the University Heights Bridge, as well as all other free bridges across the East and Harlem rivers, in 1971. The proposal failed in 1977 after the United States Congress moved to ban tolls on these bridges. The Washington Bridge was designated a New York City landmark on September 14, 1982, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 22, 1983. Throughout that decade, the bridge deteriorated. By 1988, the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) estimated that it would cost $25 million to fix the Washington Bridge. At the time, the deck contained several holes and four of six lanes were closed. The centennial of the bridge's opening was celebrated on April 29, 1989. The Washington Bridge underwent a $33 million reconstruction starting that October, which included replacing the deck, steel, sidewalk, and railings. During the work, some lanes were kept open for traffic. The work was completed in 1993.

Further bridge rehabilitation was undertaken in early 2022. That November, the NYCDOT proposed converting the outermost lane on the Bronx-bound roadway into a bus lane, and it proposed converting the outermost Manhattan-bound lane into a two-way bike lane that was physically separated from vehicular traffic. These would connect to existing bike and bus lanes on either side of the bridge.

Critical reception
At the Washington Bridge's completion it was widely praised as an architectural accomplishment of New York City. Cosmopolitan, Scientific American, and The New York Sun respectively called the bridge an "adornment", an "ornament", and "a great work worthy of the city". Architectural critic Montgomery Schuyler characterized the bridge as "an admirable and exemplary work" in 1900, although he had a minor concern about the masonry approaches, which he called "less than adequate architecturally for want of the emphasis". Schuyler subsequently wrote that, although the arch had been modified to appear as though it was a conventional design, "neither is there any question of the attractiveness […] of the Washington and the old High Bridge". Charles Evan Fowler, an engineer, wrote in 1929 that he thought the Washington Bridge to be "in many respects one of the finest pieces of bridge architecture in the world". Furthermore, Ernest Lawson depicted the bridge as the main subject of his 1913 painting Spring Night.

Name confusion
After the George Washington Bridge over the Hudson River opened, there was some confusion between the two bridges, which intensified over time as the Hudson River bridge became better known. David W. Dunlap wrote for The New York Times in 1985, "Just the existence of another prominent bridge by that name surprises even native New Yorkers, some of whom have wondered for years why the Hudson River crossing insistently carries the extra burden of 'George.'"

title: Washington Bridge (Harlem River)


text: Wikipedia talk:Stewards

title: Wikipedia talk:Stewards


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Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches

First published as the Federal Council Year Book in 1916, The Yearbook of American & Canadian Churches is a comprehensive descriptive and statistical listing of major religious bodies and other important religion-related organizations in the U.S. and Canada. The Yearbook contains descriptive information about the major religious bodies in the US and Canada, including features of their ecclesiology, history and theological principles, membership and financial statistics, official periodicals published by each religious group, as well as listings of each group's current officers.

The Yearbook's data serves as an authoritative source for the United States Census Bureau's ranking of largest religious groups, and for the Encyclopædia Britannica's listing of largest churches in the U.S.A. A historic archive compact disc was produced in 2000 which compiles previous editions' statistics for comparative and longitudinal analysis.

Other sections of the Yearbook list the most important church-related and para-church agencies and organizations with descriptions and contact information. Chapters also list Cooperative Organizations (e.g. American Bible Society, National Association of Evangelicals, National Council of Churches USA, etc.), Sources of Religion Related Research (The Association of Religion Data Archives, Center for the Study of Religion and American Culture, the Pluralism Project, etc.), State, Regional and Local Ecumenical Bodies (New York State Council of Churches, etc.), Religious-related Periodicals, and Church Archives and Depositories. The Yearbook does not list individual congregations, nor smaller or local church organizations. An inter-religious calendar provides significant religious observations for several years.

The Yearbook, published by the National Council of Churches USA, is currently compiled by its 16th editor, the Rev. Dr. Eileen W. Lindner, a historian of American religious traditions, Presbyterian minister and former staff member of the National Council of Churches USA. Dr. Lindner writes a yearly analysis of church statistical data charting much-watched trends in growth and decline, and the theme chapter which describes a significant feature of the contemporary religious landscape. Recent theme chapters include, "Megachurches: How do they Count?" (2003), "Equipping Leaders: Theological Education" (2004), "Whither Global Mission?" (2005), "the Emergent Church and Blogging" (2006). The Yearbook's 75th edition, released in March 2007, highlighted the growth of Pentecostal churches on the 100th anniversary of the Azusa Street revival in Los Angeles. The 2008 edition highlighted results from a nationwide survey of congregations' engagement in health-related ministry, titled, "When Did We See Thee Sick? Congregations Respond".


text: User talk:202.172.234.73

title: User talk:202.172.234.73


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Talk:Júlia Várady

Untitled
For the record, I performed the editing attributed to 212.84.105.51 at 15:52 on 6 October 2005; I imagine my log-in was timed-out during the process. David Kernow 16:15, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Covent Garden
Why was "the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden" changed to "the Royal Opera House IN Covent Garden"? I was under the impression that the former is the normal style of the ROH. S.Camus 08:44, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

'Twas changed, I guess, to follow the "X in Y" format elsewhere in the list of venues; have now reverted it. David Kernow 10:51, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Júlia Várady


text: Template:Campaignbox Russo-Turkish Wars

title: Template:Campaignbox Russo-Turkish Wars


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Creating counters using show strings

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. -R. fiend 21:18, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Creating counters using show strings
anyone know anything about this? --Trovatore 16:15, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Abstain as nominator--just conceivably someone knows what the author's talking about and can clean it up into a useful article. --Trovatore 16:15, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, even if rewritten it's still a how-to. — mendel ☎ 17:08, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, obviously. This is not an article.  WP:NOT a how-to.  Friday (talk) 17:26, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no technical manuals. Refers to 3b2. Gazpacho 17:38, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Do you think Wikibooks might want it? --Jacquelyn Marie 19:22, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I think it might be a how-to for a programming task in PHP, but I can't be sure. --Carnildo 21:31, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * If wikibooks has a module on 3b2, transwiki, otherwise delete. - Mgm|(talk) 09:33, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:205.250.40.97

title: User talk:205.250.40.97


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France at the 1900 Summer Olympics

France was the host of the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. France was one of many nations that had competed in the 1896 Summer Olympics in Greece and had returned to compete at the 1900 Games.

Gold medals were not given out and silver medals were given to the winners while bronze medals were given to second place.

Medalists

 * Note - Recorded as Great Britain and Ireland until 2024, the IOC Executive Board approved the change of Lloyd Hildebrand's silver medal at Paris 1900 Olympics from Great Britain to France.

Archery
France took four of seven gold medals, five of eight silver medals, and four of five bronze medals in the six archery events that were Olympic. Belgium and the Netherlands were the only others nation that competed, taking the remaining seven medals. Many of the French, Belgian, and Dutch competitors are unknown as their names were not recorded. 13 French archers are known by at least their surname, 116 are unidentified in any way. The 129 archers had 240 entries across all 7 archery events.

Athletics
France was one of 9 nations to have competed at both the first two Olympics in athletics. 22 athletes competed in 18 events, with a total of 28 entries. France won its first Olympic championship in the sport, though that victory's belonging to France is disputed. Michel Théato was Luxembourgish but living in Paris; his win in the marathon was initially credited to France by the International Olympic Committee, however currently International Olympic Committee attributes his medal to Luxembourg. Without Théato's gold medal, France won a total of 6 medals in the sport and ranked 3rd in the leaderboard for athletics.

Basque pelota
France sent one of two teams that competed in the pelota tournament. According to some sources, French two-man team lost to Spain's team, taking the silver medal. However, the French team withdrew shortly before the competition. International Olympic Committee does not recognize silver medal of French team.

Cricket
France was represented by the French Athletic Club Union in cricket in 1900. The team lost the only match, a 2-day 12-man contest, by 158 runs. At least 11 members of the French Athletic Club Union were British nationals, two of whom were born in France; another, H. F. Roques, as well those shown on the scoresheet as "extras", may have been French.

Croquet
France was the only nation to compete in croquet. France sent 6 men and 3 women. The French players won all 7 medals in the three events.

Cycling
France competed a second time in cycling, once again dominating the field. Of the nine medals awarded in the event, French cyclists took six—two of each type. 59 French cyclists competed.

Sprint

 * Note - Recorded as Great Britain and Ireland until 2024, the IOC Executive Board approved the change of Lloyd Hildebrand's silver medal at Paris 1900 Olympics from Great Britain to France.

Points race

 * Note - Recorded as Great Britain and Ireland until 2024, the IOC Executive Board approved the change of Lloyd Hildebrand's silver medal at Paris 1900 Olympics from Great Britain to France.

Fencing
France dominated the fencing competitions at the second modern Olympics, taking five of the seven gold medals and 15 of the 21 overall medals.

Football
Club Française represented France in the football competition. The club squad lost to Upton Park F.C. but defeated the Université de Bruxelles team to take second place in the three-team competition.

Key:
 * Summary
 * A.E.T – After extra time.
 * P – Match decided by penalty-shootout.

 * Team roster

 * Match 1

 * Match 2

Golf
France was one of four nations to compete in the first Olympic golf events.

Gymnastics
France's first Olympic gymnastics medals came in the second edition of the competitions. France took all three medals in the single combined event. 108 of the 135 entrants in the event were French.

Polo
France was one of four nations to compete in the first Olympic polo event. Frenchmen played on two of the five teams, one of which also included British players. The mixed French/British Mixed team was one of the third-place teams.

Rowing
47 French rowers competed in the first Olympic rowing competitions in 1900. France won 2 of the 5 gold medals, and a French boy served as cox in the final for the otherwise Dutch team that won the coxed pair. France also won 3 silver medals and 1 bronze.

Rugby
French team Union des Sociétés Français de Sports Athletiques was one of three teams to compete in the first Olympic rugby games. They won both of its games, taking top prize in the tournament. This gold medal is attributed to Mixed team because of Constantin Henriquez was from Haiti and Andre Roosevelt was a French-born citizen of USA.

 * Summary

 * Team roster

 * Match 1

 * Match 2

Sailing
France matched Great Britain in gold medals won in the inaugural sailing events in 1900, but took 16 of the 20 silver and bronze medals (8 each). 76 French sailors took part.

 * Single race events

 * Regatta events

Shooting
France competed again in shooting at the second modern Olympic Games. France won the most medals in the sport that year with 10, but took only three gold medals to Switzerland's five. Men's 20 metre rapid fire pistol event was open to professionals and was contested for prize money by professionals, that is why it is not recognized by the International Olympic Committee as Olympic medal event.

Swimming
France had 47 swimmers compete in 1900, the nation's first appearance in the sport. France took a total of 5 medals in the sport, but only 1 gold (putting France in 4th on the leaderboard, after Great Britain, Australia, and Germany who each had 2 championships). Charles Devendeville and André Six finished first and second in the underwater swimming competition, held only in 1900; they appear to have benefitted from the third-place finisher swimming in a circle. France had 3 of the 4 teams in the team swimming event, taking 2nd, 3rd, and 4th.

Tennis
France competed in tennis for the second time in 1900, sending 14 players—10 men and 4 women. French players appeared in 3 of the 4 finals (Hélène Prévost in the women's singles, and as part of mixed teams with Great Britain in both the men's and mixed doubles) but lost each time. France took an additional bronze medal in the men's doubles.

Tug of war
France sent a team to compete in the tug of war competition in 1900, losing to a combined Denmark-Sweden team. This silver medal is attributed to Mixed team, because of Francisco Henríquez de Zubiría was born in Colombia and was a Colombian citizen.

Water polo
France had 4 of the 7 teams in the first Olympic water polo tournament. Two were defeated in the quarterfinals, with only one winning a match there and the other advancing with a bye. Both of the remaining teams were defeated in the semifinals, taking bronze medals. The bronze medal of Libellule de Paris team is attributed to Mixed team, because of Bill Burgess was from Great Britain. France thus received 1 bronze medals despite going 1–4 combined.

title: France at the 1900 Summer Olympics


text:
Jaheim

Jaheim H. Hoagland (born May 26, 1978), known mononymously as Jaheim, is an American R&B singer. He was signed by Naughty by Nature's Kaygee to Divine Mill Records in 2000, and released his debut album Ghetto Love in 2001. His second effort, Still Ghetto (2002), contains the hit singles "Put That Woman First" (2003) and "Fabulous" (2003), both of which achieved platinum success.

Jaheim's third album, Ghetto Classics, was released on February 14, 2006, debuting at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200, and selling over 153,000 copies in its first week.

Music career
Four years after he recorded a tape that led to a deal with Divine Mill Records (a division of Warner Bros. Records). Hoagland received good reactions from two singles "Could It Be" and "Lil' Nigga Ain't Mine" on BET video shows. Appearing with Hoagland on his first album was RL (from Next), Blackstreet, and Darren and Cliff Lighty.

His second album, Still Ghetto, was released on November 5, 2002. Another Top Ten hit, it placed two singles in the Top 40, "Fabulous" and "Anything" (released November 13, 2001). Ghetto Classics followed in early 2006 and became his first number one album. In 2007 Jaheim signed to Atlantic Records and released his fourth album The Makings of a Man in December 2007.

In late 2009 the single "Ain't Leavin Without You" preceded his 2010 album Another Round. In 2013 Jaheim returned to the music industry with a new single titled "Age Ain't a Factor" and a new album. His sixth album, Appreciation Day, was released on September 3, 2013. In 2014, Jaheim restarted his own label called "Julie's Dream Music Group", which had first been started in 1997, then restarted in 2002.

Following the relaunch of his label, in February 2015, Jaheim signed a new record deal with BMG Records after parting ways with Atlantic Records in conjunction with his Julie's Dream label. In June 2015, Jaheim released a new single called "Back in My Arms" and revealed that his seventh album, titled Struggle Love, is to be released. Struggle Love was released on March 18, 2016. To date Jaheim has sold 5 million records worldwide and received three Grammy nominations.

Personal life
Jaheim is a resident of Hillsborough Township, New Jersey. Jaheim is the grandson of the late 1960s soul singer Hoagy Lands.

In September 2021, he was arrested on animal cruelty charges after police discovered 15 dogs living in deplorable conditions at his New Jersey home. One of the dogs had to be euthanized.

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Ghetto Love (2001)
 * Still Ghetto (2002)
 * Ghetto Classics (2006)
 * The Makings of a Man (2007)
 * Another Round (2010)
 * Appreciation Day (2013)
 * Struggle Love (2016)

 * Compilations
 * Classic Jaheim, Vol. 1 (2008)

Awards and nominations

 * American Music Award

 * 2003
 * N/A
 * Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist
 * Nominated
 * }
 * }

 * Grammy Award

 * rowspan=3|2011
 * Another Round
 * Best R&B Album,
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2|"Finding My Way Back"
 * Best Male R&B Vocal Performance
 * Nominated
 * Best R&B Song
 * Nominated
 * }
 * Best R&B Song
 * Nominated
 * }

 * Soul Train Music Awards

 * rowspan=2|2002
 * "Just in Case"
 * Best R&B/Soul Single, Male
 * Nominated
 * Ghetto love
 * Best R&B/Soul Album, Male
 * Nominated
 * 2003
 * Still Ghetto
 * Best R&B/Soul Album, Male
 * Nominated
 * 2004
 * "Put That Woman First"
 * Best R&B/Soul Single, Male
 * Nominated
 * 2010
 * Himself
 * Best Male R&B/Soul Artist
 * Nominated
 * }
 * 2010
 * Himself
 * Best Male R&B/Soul Artist
 * Nominated
 * }

title: Jaheim


text:
Talk:Shorea

Looks to me as if there is considerable dublication with Dipterocarpaceae. Maybe move all the timber groups there? Brya 16:19, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

I agree that there is considerable duplication and confusion within the Dipt pages. I think the best idea is to move the trade name table to a seperate page and link to that page (already Done). I haven't had time to edit this table - it contains many Synonyms and some grouping that don't agree with the literature. Sepilok2007 23:35, 11 November 2007 (UTC)

How does the shorea disperse its seed? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 218.186.9.237 (talk) 12:42, 15 May 2010 (UTC)

Sections and Species list
This Genus page gives a list of sections, each of those sections then takes us to an incomplete list of species based on a Flora of Sabah and Sarawak list. It does not include Shorea species that occur only outside Sabah and Sarawak. There are c.196 Shorea species, the "list of Shorea species" shows about half of that. Should we remove the misleading Section tags and merely have a List of Species tag, should we remove the List page and just have a list on the Shorea page or what?203.176.129.223 (talk) 02:33, 5 September 2012 (UTC) sorry hadn't logged onBrunswicknic (talk) 02:34, 5 September 2012 (UTC) Consulted The Plant List and Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, this genus and the family are in a massive state of uncertainty, Shore obtusa for instance is not recognised as a name or as a synonym, at the moment I believe that we have to wait for the botanists to sort things out within Dipterocarpaceae before lumping and splitting, so I advise that we leave pages as they are, with indications of the current scientific uncertaintyBrunswicknic (talk) 02:54, 5 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks Brunswicknic for looking at these pages. RE: Not including species outside of Sabah/Sarawak - actually that is only partially correct - as some of these sections don't occur in Borneo e.g. Section Pentacme & Section Doona, but the ones that do occur are based on the TFSS as they are the species I am familier with. When I have time I will add in Peter Ashton's account in Flora Melsiana.
 * RE: Plant List - unfortunately some of the entries on the Plant List are incorrect, e.g. Dryobalanops aromatica is listed on the Plant List as a synonym of Dryobalanops sumatrensis and Dipterocarpus megacarpus is listed as an accepted species -whereas it is a synonym of Dipterocarpus elongatus, to name a couple of errors. I took this up with the Plant List author (Rafaël Govaerts) and he has correct this on the WCSP, the underlying dataset of tpl - but these won't appear until they release the 3rd edition of tpl.
 * RE: Taxonomic uncertainity - generally the species in Borneo are okay. Peter A revised them in 2004 and is currently revising the West Malaysian species for Flora of Pensinuslar Malaysia. The biggest problem is recent molecular work has shown that Shorea is a paraphyletic group and Shorea may ultimately be broken up into a range of genera. However none of the Dipterocarp tanonomists are keen to do at this stage.Sepilok2007 (talk) 01:02, 6 September 2012 (UTC)

Thanks Sepilok2007, I don't have access to a decent library, am in Phnom Penh at present. The shake up that molecular phylogeny is carrying out is causing a lot of revision at the moment and 8 years have passed since Ashton published his major work. I do not mean that the information at species level is going to be extensively revised, but above that taxonomic level is at the moment problematic and I believe we should advise readers of the known uncertainty. What do you think? I will continue to add info at a species level, but when Wikipedia has a page for Shorea obtusa a taxonome that is not currently recognised as a name by Plant List, it does disheartenBrunswicknic (talk) 07:13, 6 September 2012 (UTC) Oops, catching up with myself, I don't have a problem with Ashton's work on Sarawak and Sabah, but I do find it frustrating that a Wikipedia page titled list of species does not include species that already have Wikipedia pages, and is not in alphabetical order. So, if I want to include species that are not in Sarawak and Sabah, such as S. obtusa and S. farinosa, then where do they go. I believe that a list of species should be that, a discussion on super-species taxonomic ordering should be another pageBrunswicknic (talk) 07:36, 6 September 2012 (UTC)
 * S. farinosa is an Anthoshorea (Ashton 1982). S. obtusa would supposedly fall into the Section Shorea subsection Shorea but it isn't cover in Flora Malesian Volume 9 (which is available as a free PDF from Flora Malesian website). The split of Shorea will probably result in most of the sections been raised into genera according to Koichi Kamiya (pers comm.) Koichi did the last molecular attempt at working out the Phylogeny of Shorea see Koichi et al (2005) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21652457. But agree that we should advise readers of the known uncertainty — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sepilok2007 (talk • contribs) 08:03, 6 September 2012 (UTC)

Used in Guitar
Looking at guitars just now and noticed the sides of one particular guitar were made of "Meranti". Came here, found out actual name is "Shorea", and then noticed under "Uses", the use of the wood in guitars is not mentioned. I could try to add this to the article (seems safe), but want to get a green light from someone who has worked on the article first, to avoid wasting time.Tym Whittier (talk) 20:26, 27 May 2019 (UTC)

Conservation Status
Under the heading of Conservation Status the page says "The Shorea species page gives threat classifications".

But it doesn't! There's nothing on the Talk pages either here or there that indicates why not?

Given the climate crisis, I think this matters.

New work on Polyphyly of Shorea genus
Hello, it seems like new molecular analysis has found Shorea to be polyphyletic, and has moved several species out of Shorea and into older synonyms, for example rubroshorea negrosensis for shorea negrosensis, and pentacme contorta for shorea contorta. This is the current taxonomic ordering used in the Kew Gardens Plants of the World database (to be fair this new work by Ashton was published in the Kew Bulletin). I would just like to ask if this is definitive enough to rework this page and the pages of all affected species, or is this new taxonomic ordering still somewhat contingent? I am just an amateur, so to me, the fact that Kew Gardens has updated its database with this new work seems pretty definitive, but I do not have the requisite background to feel comfortable making that call unilaterally.

If so though, I'd be happy to start reworking things slowly, and anyone else is obviously welcome to using this source to get started as well.

Servus-a-manu (talk) 07:48, 29 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shorea


title: File:Picfaq101.jpg


text:
File:ProtestOWU.jpg

Summary
Wesleyan students make a social and artistic statement on the steps of Hamilton-Williams Campus Center, 2005-10-04. Copyright © 2005 Maccarton.

title: File:ProtestOWU.jpg


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Classé

Classé is a Canadian audio brand known for high-performance music and theater components, such as amplifiers, pre-amplifiers and surround sound processors. The company was founded in 1980 in Montréal. Classé became part of the Bowers & Wilkins Group in 2001, and in 2018 it was acquired by Sound United, parent company of Denon, Marantz, Bowers & Wilkins, Polk, Definitive Technology, HEOS and Boston Acoustics. Classé components are designed in Montréal and manufactured in Shirakawa, Japan.

Classé amplifiers are used in both homes and professional recording studios like London's Abbey Road, and mastering facilities like Sterling Sound in New York City.

title: Classé


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James Franklin (naturalist)

James Franklin (c. 1783 – 31 August 1834) was a British soldier. He was the brother of Sir John Franklin.

James Franklin entered the service of the British East India Company as a cadet in 1805. He served with distinction on various Indian surveys and was elected a member of the Royal Society. He was in the 1st Bengal Cavalry and was an authority on geology. He undertook surveys of the Central Provinces (Vindhya Hills) and collected birds for the Asiatic Society. He collected about 40 species before reaching Benares, and on reaching Saugor he had collected 160 more specimens and made paintings of these. In 1831 Franklin published descriptions of the birds that he had collected. He is now recognised as the taxonomic authority for six species:
 * White-eyed buzzard
 * Indian eagle-owl
 * Rufous-tailed lark
 * Oriental skylark
 * Tawny-bellied babbler
 * Indian spotted creeper

The specimens went to the Zoological Society of London but his paintings were stipulated to be returned to the Asiatic Society in Calcutta.

title: James Franklin (naturalist)


text:
User:Clarence Thomas

Hi. I have changed my account to avoid confusion with the Supreme Court Justice with whom I am not affiliated. Please refer to Ryan Utt. Thanks.

title: User:Clarence Thomas


text:
User talk:K010k01

See User talk:Kolokol, please don't engage in disruptive tactics. See also User talk:Curps. -- Curps 16:24, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Indefinitely blocked (sockpuppet of User:Kolokol, created to evade 3RR). --Angr/undefined 21:35, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:K010k01


text: Template:User batch-4

title: Template:User batch-4


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Mike Smith (football manager)

Michael John Smith (1937 – 21 July 2021 ) was an English football manager, who managed the Wales and Egypt national teams and Hull City. Before becoming a manager, he had a playing career as an amateur, playing for the Corinthian Casuals.

Early career
Smith was born in Hendon, the son of a professional footballer. As a youth, he represented Middlesex at Under-15 and Under-18 levels and was a member of the FA Youth team which played a tournament in Strasbourg in 1953.

He trained at Loughborough College of Education before becoming a teacher. He decided to remain in teaching rather than becoming a professional footballer but played as an amateur for the Corinthian Casuals.

Coaching and managerial career
Smith spent nine years coaching in Sussex before becoming team manager and coach to the Conference of English Grammar Schools. He was then appointed the Football Association of Wales Director of Coaching with responsibility for managing the Welsh amateur and youth international teams.

In 1974, Smith succeeded Dave Bowen to become the first English-born manager and first full-time manager of the Wales national football team. He guided Wales through their qualifying group before losing a play-off against Yugoslavia to reach the Finals proper of the 1976 European Football Championship. He was replaced by Mike England in 1979.

In December 1979, he was appointed manager of Hull City but was sacked, along with coach Cyril Lea, in March 1982.

Following a spell in sports promotion in Nottingham, Smith became the manager of Egypt in 1985. He led the team to victory in the 1986 African Cup of Nations; the only British manager to have won the competition as a coach.

He left the Egyptian side in 1988, following which he was appointed Football development consultant to Anglesey County Council, overseeing their school of excellence in Holyhead. He also took charge of the Wales Youth team in 1989–90 before returning to the Wales national team role for 18 months from April 1994 to September 1995.

Later life and death
His death was announced on 22 July 2021. He was 83.

Honours
Egypt
 * African Cup of Nations: 1986

title: Mike Smith (football manager)


text:
Christine Kaufmann

Christine Maria Kaufmann (11 January 1945 – 28 March 2017) was a German-Austrian actress, author, and businesswoman. The daughter of a German father and a French mother, she won the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actress for Town Without Pity in 1961, the first German to be so honoured.

Life and career
Kaufmann was born in Lengdorf, Styria, Austria (then part of Nazi Germany). Her mother, Geneviève Kaufmann (née Gavaert), was a French make-up artist; her father, Johannes Kaufmann, was a German Luftwaffe officer and engineer. Growing up in Munich, Bavaria, Kaufmann became a ballerina at the Munich Opera. She began her film career at the age of seven in The White Horse Inn (1952) and appeared as a lead actress in Der Schweigende Engel the same year, but gained big attention with Rose-Girl Resli in 1954. She achieved international recognition when she starred with Steve Reeves in The Last Days of Pompeii (1959) and with Kirk Douglas in Town Without Pity (1961). The following year she appeared in Escape from East Berlin and with future husband Tony Curtis in Taras Bulba.

Kaufmann resumed her career, which she had interrupted during her marriage with Curtis, notably with supporting roles in the Rainer Werner Fassbinder films Lili Marleen and Lola. She often worked with German director Helmut Dietl, for example in the satirical television series Monaco Franze. In 1987, she played a glamorous tattoo artist in the cult classic Bagdad Cafe, an offbeat comedy set in a desolate truck stop café and motel in the Mojave Desert. Her last role was Aunt Polly in the American film Tom Sawyer & Huckleberry Finn (2014), co-starring Jake T. Austin and Val Kilmer.

In her later years, Kaufmann was also a successful businesswoman; she promoted her own line of cosmetics products that sold well in Germany. From her 40s until her death, the media often called Kaufmann the "most beautiful grandmother in Germany". She wrote several books about beauty and health, as well as two autobiographies.

Personal life
At age 18 in 1963, Kaufmann married her Taras Bulba co-star Tony Curtis. They had two daughters, Alexandra Theodora Dido Curtis (b. 19 July 1964) and Allegra Curtis (b. 11 July 1966). The couple divorced in 1968. Kaufmann married three more times: to television director Achim Lenz (1974–76), musician and actor Reno Eckstein (1979–1982) and illustrator Klaus Zey (1997–2011). On German television, Kaufmann admitted to having an affair with Warren Beatty.

Kaufmann enjoyed traveling. She moved from one place to another frequently. She spoke three languages: German, English, and French.

Kaufmann died of leukemia in Munich at age 72 on 28 March 2017, only a few days after she had been diagnosed with the disease.

title: Christine Kaufmann


text:
Talk:Copper(I) oxide

prsparation/use? pigment usage?
This "red plague" sounds like, and has possibly been used as, a painter's pigment, apparently stable when encapsulated in oil, and possibly even water/protein egg "glairs". alas production is currently missing as is any history (I haven't found one either) of an artists' pigment.74.108.139.186 (talk) 20:50, 15 October 2009 (UTC)

Semiconductor properties
The history of semiconductor research and applications is strongly connected with this material. First semiconductor diode, first Wannier exciton series observation. Today it is of interest because of narrow exciton resonances and long exciton lifetimes, particularly in connection with BEC. Some people also try to build photovoltaic cells from Cu2O. These things need more emphasis. Jcb.h6t (talk) 17:06, 25 March 2010 (UTC)

I deleted the statement about Bose-Einstein condensation, simply because it is wrong. All claims have been refuted. Jcb.h6t (talk) 17:42, 25 March 2010 (UTC)
 * If the developments that you mention are so very important, then you might consider replacing the primary journal refs with citations to reviews and books. Primary journal citations are less sought in Wikipedia and are less valuable to readers who seek more perspective. WP:Secondary.--Smokefoot (talk) 18:13, 25 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Ok. I replaced some of the references. I will check wether there is a recent review about excitons in Cu2O to replace the others. If not, I delete those parts. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jcb.h6t (talk • contribs) 09:29, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Copper(I) oxide


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Ulysses S. Grant III

Ulysses Simpson Grant III (July 4, 1881 – August 29, 1968) was a United States Army officer and planner. He was the son of Frederick Dent Grant, and the grandson of General of the Army and American President Ulysses S. Grant.

Early life and education
Grant was born in Chicago, as a grandson of President and General Ulysses S. Grant and educated in Austria, where his father was an American diplomat. He attended Columbia University until 1898 when he received an appointment to West Point. In July and August 1899, both Grant and Douglas MacArthur joined their first summer camp at West Point, and they were especially marked plebes for hazing by upperclassmen since they were the grandson and son, respectively, of well-known men (Ulysses S. Grant and Arthur MacArthur). Grant graduated sixth in his class in 1903 while MacArthur graduated first in that class.

Military career
After his graduation from West Point, Grant was assigned to the Corps of Engineers of the United States Army and graduated from the U.S. Engineer School in 1908. He also served in the General Staff Corps from 1917 to 1920 and again from 1936 to 1940.

Grant served on Mindanao in the Philippines (1903–04); the Cuban Pacification (1906); the Mexican Border Service (1913–1917), including the Veracruz Expedition (1914), and the Pancho Villa Expedition (1916); as well as in World War I and World War II.

In 1904 Grant served as an aide to President Theodore Roosevelt. Grant met his future wife while he was at the White House.

In 1907, Grant married Edith Ruth Root, the daughter of Elihu Root, the former Secretary of War and Secretary of State. They had three daughters.

During World War I, Grant was promoted to major. From 1918 to 1919, Major Grant served on the staff of General Tasker H. Bliss, the United States representative at the Supreme War Council at Versailles. Grant was the secretary of the American section. In 1918, he assisted in the treaty negotiations with Germany regarding the treatment of prisoners of war. In 1919, Grant served on President Woodrow Wilson's commission to negotiate peace in Paris.

For his service during the war Grant was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal, the citation for which reads:

"The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Colonel (Corps of Engineers) Ulysses S. Grant, III, United States Army, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services to the Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility during World War I. As Secretary of the American section, Supreme War Council, Colonel Grant was entrusted with the most important duty of coordinating the work of the Joint Secretariat of the Supreme War Council and of the Joint Secretariat of the Military Representatives of the Supreme War Council, and as a member of the War Prisoners' commission, Berne, Switzerland, he has rendered conspicuous service to the Government."

Post-World War I
After the war, Grant returned to the United States and was the district engineer of the 2nd Engineer District in San Francisco. While in California, Grant also served on the California Debris Commission. On August 28, 1923, Grant made his first visit to the Sierra Nevada. The superintendent of General Grant National Park (now Kings Canyon National Park) invited Grant to see the park named after Grant's grandfather. Grant visited the General Grant Grove and the General Grant tree, a Giant Sequoia.

By 1923, Grant went to Washington, D.C., and was the executive officer of the Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission and a member of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission. In 1925, he was director of the newly created Office of Public Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital (1925–1933). By 1927 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and was appointed as a co-director of the bicentennial celebration of the birth of George Washington. As the director of the parks in Washington, Grant also supervised the United States Park Police. Grant expanded the police, instituted plain-clothes patrols, and modernized the force with the addition of motorcycles and automobiles. Later, in 1928, Grant ordered the police to crack down on late-night "petters" in the parks.

In 1934, he graduated from the Army War College. He commanded the 1st Engineer Regiment at Fort DuPont, Delaware and the Delaware Civilian Conservation Corps District from 1934 to 1936. He was a full colonel by this time.

In 1936, Grant was the chief of staff of the Second Corps Area at Fort Jay, Governors Island, New York, an army post where his grandfather had stayed prior to his posting to California in 1854 and where his father commanded a department and was division commander until his death in 1912. While in New York, Grant, his wife, and her siblings and their spouses were present at the bedside of his father-in-law, Elihu Root, when he died in 1937.

In 1940, Grant was division engineer for the Great Lakes Engineer Division, headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio. He was promoted to brigadier general.

World War II
From 1941 to mid 1942, he commanded the Engineer Replacement Training Center at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. In July 1942, Grant was made chief of the Protection Branch of the Office of Civilian Defense in Washington, D.C.; he was in charge of the United States' civil defense and often traveled across the country in this capacity.

In 1943, Grant was promoted to major general. In July 1945 he reached the mandatory retirement age of 64 and retired on 31st of the month. The next day he was recalled to active duty and served until he became fully retired from the Army on July 15, 1946.

Post military career

After his retirement from the army, Grant again served on the National Capital Park and Planning Commission. He was vice president of George Washington University from 1946 to 1951. In addition, he also served as president of the American Planning and Civic Association from 1947 to 1949. He was also on the National Council of Historic Sites and a trustee of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

Grant's testimony as a Corps of Engineers veteran before Congress in opposition to the Echo Park Dam in Dinosaur National Monument was a key element in the cancellation of the project, and in protection of national park lands against water development projects.

From 1952 to 1968, Grant served as president of the board of trustees of the Columbia Historical Society (now the Historical Society of Washington, D.C.). From 1957 to 1961, he was chairman of the Civil War Centennial Commission. He resigned from the Centennial Commission due to the illness of his wife and because of controversies that developed in planning commemorative events for the centennial of the American Civil War.

Memberships
Grant belonged to the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS), the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War (SUVCW) and the Aztec Club of 1847. He served as the Aztec Club's president for three non-consecutive terms from 1951 to 1952, 1953 to 1954 and 1955 to 1956. He served as commander-in-chief of MOLLUS from 1957 to 1961. He also served as commander-in-chief of the SUVCW from 1953 to 1955 and as national counselor of the SUVCW from 1961 until his death in 1968. He is the only person to have served as the national president of all three organizations.

In 1912 he was elected to membership in the Empire State Society of the Sons of the American Revolution and was assigned SAR national membership number 24,174. He was also an hereditary member of the Military Order of the Carabao in succession to his father who died in 1912. He was also a member of the Order of the Founders and Patriots of America and served as the Order's Governor General.

In addition to the above organizations, Grant was also eligible for membership in the United Spanish War Veterans, Military Order of Foreign Wars, Military Order of the World Wars, Veterans of Foreign Wars and the American Legion.

Later life and death
After the death of his wife, General Grant remained at his home on the outskirts of Clinton, New York near Hamilton College.

In 1961, Grant received an honorary LL.D. degree from Hamilton College.

Grant died August 29, 1968, in Clinton, New York.

His cousin was Ulysses S. Grant IV, the son of Ulysses S. Grant, Jr.

Awards and decorations

 * Distinguished Service Medal ribbon.svg Distinguished Service Medal
 * Legion of Merit ribbon.svg Legion of Merit
 * Philippine Campaign Medal ribbon.svg Philippine Campaign Medal
 * Army of Cuban Pacification service ribbon.png Army of Cuban Pacification Medal
 * Mexican Service Medal ribbon.svg Mexican Service Medal
 * World War I Victory Medal ribbon.svg World War I Victory Medal
 * American Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg American Defense Service Medal
 * American Campaign Medal ribbon.svg American Campaign Medal
 * World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg World War II Victory Medal
 * Ord.St.Michele-Giorgio.png Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (UK)
 * Legion Honneur Officier ribbon.svg  Officier Légion d'honneur (France)
 * Croix de Guerre 1914-1918 ribbon.svg Croix de Guerre (France)
 * Cavaliere SSML BAR.svg Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Italy)

Dates of rank
Source: U.S. Army Register, 1946.

title: Ulysses S. Grant III


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/OPWTN

A neologism from the newsgroup uk.politics.misc. OPWTN gets 20 unique Google hits and OPW3N only 3. Livajo 17:02, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable (yet) -- Chessphoon 17:12, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - Kbh3rd 17:19, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - nothing Wotan (Bob Sims) does is going to be notable. Dbiv 17:21, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable, neologism, dictdef.   — Gwalla | Talk 19:01, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * (Unsigned anon) - Keep. Interesting!

 * Delete - Tεx  τ  urε  22:24, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/OPWTN


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User talk:Blueinblack

Image Tagging Image:LVC4.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:LVC4.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, ie in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use .)  See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thanks so much. --Nv8200p (talk) 16:27, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Blueinblack


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Frank Mills

Frank Mills (born June 27, 1942) is a Canadian pianist and recording artist, best known for his solo instrumental hit "Music Box Dancer".

Early life and education
Mills was born in Montreal, Quebec. He was raised in Verdun, Quebec and started playing piano at the age of three. His family was musical and his mother also played piano and his father sang tenor. By the time he was 17 both his parents had died of cancer.

Mills attended McGill University for five years. At McGill, he initially studied engineering, but eventually switched to the Department of Music. He entertained his Delta Upsilon fraternity brothers with songs from ragtime to Bob Dylan (a new musician at the time). The fraternity piano had thumbtacks on every hammer and produced a unique sound.

Career
In the late 1960s, Mills became a member of The Bells. He left the band in 1971 just before it had international success with the single "Stay Awhile."

Mills worked as a pianist for CBC Television and recorded his first solo album, Seven Of My Songs, which produced the hit single "Love Me, Love Me Love". The song made its debut on the Canadian charts in October 1971 and early the following year peaked at #1 on the Canadian charts, number 46 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 8 on Billboard′s Easy Listening chart His 1972 cover of Ricky Nelson's "Poor Little Fool" made top 25 on the Canadian charts, but only reached number 106 in the US.

Mills released an album in 1974 that featured "Music Box Dancer", but it was not a hit initially. When he re-signed with executive Michael Hoppé at Polydor Records Canada in 1978, the label released a new song as a single, with "Music Box Dancer" on the B-side. The single was sent to easy listening radio stations in Canada, but a copy was sent in error to CFRA-AM, a pop station in Ottawa. The program director played the A-side and could not figure out why it had been sent to his station, so he played the B-side to see if the record was mistakenly marked. He liked "Music Box Dancer" and added it to his station's playlist, turning the record into a Canadian hit. Dave "50,000" Watts, an Ottawa Valley radio personality, gave the record extensive airplay on the station. The album went gold in Canada, which prompted Polydor in the US to release the album and single.

In Nashville, news producer Bob Parker at WNGE-TV began playing the song over the closing credits of the newscast. Nashville DJs quickly gave the song airplay, and both the single and album were hits. The million-selling (Gold-certified) single reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the spring of 1979 as well as number 4 on the Billboard Easy Listening chart, while the album reached number 21 on the Billboard Top Album chart and also went gold. Polydor awarded a gold record to TV station WNGE for breaking the single in the US.

"Music Box Dancer" was Mills' only US Top 40 pop hit. The follow-up, another piano instrumental, "Peter Piper", peaked at number 48 on the Billboard Hot 100 but became a Top 10 hit on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart. Mills managed one final Adult Contemporary chart entry, "Happy Song", which peaked at number 41 at the beginning of 1981.

Mills won two Juno Awards in 1980 for "Peter Piper", one for Composer of the Year and one for Instrumental Artist of the Year. He again won in the latter category in 1981.

He continued to release albums until the early 1990s. In 2010 he traveled on a Christmas tour with Canadian singer Rita MacNeil. Mills and MacNeil toured again in November–December 2012.

Film and television appearances
"Music Box Dancer" was the theme song of the local Los Angeles CBS half-hour TV documentary show 2 on the Town from 1979 through the early 1980s.

"Music Box Dancer" has been heard on an episode of The Simpsons and in the Kill Bill movies. It was used as the theme tune to the BBC2 golf programme, Around with Alliss, and also as a popular track on the BBC1 trade test (testcard) transmissions. Other Frank Mills tracks including 'From a Sidewalk Cafe' were used on BBC1 and BBC2 in the 1970s and 1980s during testcard, ceefax and intervals between programmes.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Mills made a number of appearances on the annual Telemiracle telethons broadcast from Saskatoon and Regina, Saskatchewan.

title: Frank Mills


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KTCL

KTCL (93.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Wheat Ridge, Colorado. Owned by iHeartMedia, it broadcasts an alternative rock format targeting the Denver metro area. Its studios are located alongside iHeartMedia's other Denver stations at 4695 S Monaco St. in the Tech Center, while its transmitter is located in Golden.

The station broadcasts in HD Radio, with a subchannel carrying a punk rock format branded as Punk Tacos.

Early years
The station signed on in September 1965 as KFMF licensed to Fort Collins, Colorado. It simulcasted the Top 40 format of KIIX AM 600 (now on 1410, the old 600 frequency is now KCOL).

In the 1970s, the station became KIIX-FM and adopted a freeform Progressive Music format. It changed its calls to KTCL in 1975 and evolving to the modern rock format in the mid 1980s. The station was known as "The Adventure."

1995-present
KTCL, part of a joint sales agreement with KBPI and KRFX in 1995, moved to a more pop-oriented direction when KBPI began playing more new rock. In the late 90s, the station dropped its longtime name "The Adventure" in favor or "Channel 93-3." In 2001, KTCL aired the daily program Martha Quinn's Rewind along with at least four other stations owned by Clear Channel.

KTCL airplay was noted for having helped launch several local alternative bands, including Love .45, Flobots, 3OH!3, The Fray, and Tickle Me Pink.

title: KTCL


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Mbulelo Mabizela

Mbulelo Oldjohn Mabizela (born 16 September 1980) is a South African former professional footballer who played as a defender and sometimes as a midfielder.

Early professional career
Mabizela was born in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal. He started his career using his mother's surname Oldjohn, but later preferred to be known as Mabizela, the surname of his father, Dumisani, who also played soccer for AmaZulu. As the youngest player to captain the South Africa national team, his surname Oldjohn was often referred as a nickname.

Mabizela began his senior club career with Maritzburg City in the National First Division, later joining Orlando Pirates.

Europe
In August 2003 Mabizela joined Tottenham Hotspur after inspiring Pirates to a 2–1 win over Tottenham when the London club made a short tour of South Africa before the start of the 2003–04 season. He scored his only goal for the club on his debut after coming on as a substitute in a league match against Leicester City in October 2003. In October 2004, he had his contract cancelled by Tottenham Hotspur and was released by mutual agreement following several disciplinary infractions, including missing training sessions. He made only nine appearances in total for the club, scoring one goal.

Mabizela was invited to train with London-based club Fulham after his release, but was rejected by the club supposedly after being considered overweight. He joined Norwegian club Vålerenga in March 2005, six months after being without club and spent a season at the Norwegian club where he played infrequently and won the national title.

Return to South Africa
In August 2006 Mabizela signed for South African team Mamelodi Sundowns. On December, he received a six-month ban from the game for drug offences. Following a number of disciplinary problems including a car accident and arrest for drunken driving in late 2008, he was made available for transfer and found a new home in January 2009 when he signed a three-year contract with Platinum Stars. He was later acquitted of the drunk driving charges.

Mabizela had his contract terminated in July 2009 after failing to show up for training, but was given a second chance by the new coach Steve Komphela. He signed new deal in August and, during the process, he refused to play after disagreeing on a clause in his contract.

On 7 June 2010, Mabizela was voted the Platinum Stars man of the match in the Stars' 3–0 defeat to the England international team in their final warm-up game before the 2010 World Cup in South Africa. Before the match he gave an interview in which he said he was looking forward to meeting Ledley King and Jermain Defoe again, two England players he played alongside at Tottenham Hotspur. Also he talked about how he is steadily overcoming his personal problems, "I had a good start at Spurs but it was too short and that's something I'll always look back on with regret", said Mabizela. "I've made a lot of mistakes in my personal life, things I'd rather not elaborate upon, and that was the reason I had to leave Spurs". "When I came back to South Africa I went for help, I got help and I'm still being helped. I wouldn't say I'm okay but I feel I'm going forward now. Platinum Stars have really helped me and at the moment I feel that I've really moved on. I am ready to move on with my career, even possibly back to Europe and I'd like to play for the Bafana Bafana international team again".

In May 2011 Platinum Stars announced a major clear-out of a number of players including Mabizela, who then became a free agent. On 11 August 2011, after being linked with a number of clubs including Orlando Pirates and Golden Arrows, Mabizela signed a two-year deal for Bidvest Wits on a free transfer and was given the squad number 3. In May 2012, Bidvest Wits held their end of season awards evening and Mabizela was named the club's Player of the Year at the function which was held at the Southern Sun in Monte Casino. It was reported that Mabizela had been an influential and outstanding figure at the club since joining at the beginning of that season.

During the 2012–13 season, Mabizela became very much unsettled at the Clever Boys during the first half of the season and requested to be released from his contract after the club made the following statement to the press in December 2012. "We have advised Mbulelo Mabizela and his agent that he is not part of our plans for the remaining duration of his contract with us and that we will consider offers from other clubs for his services during the forthcoming January transfer window period." On 20 January 2013, he joined Chippa United on an 18-month contract until June 2014 and was reported to say he hoped to help save the Cape Town teams young side from relegation by the end of the season. He was released at the end of the 2012–13 season after the team was relegated.

In October 2013 Mabizela began training with Mpumalanga Black Aces. Despite rumours linking him to former club Orlando Pirates, He signed a deal with Black Aces till the end of the 2013–14 season. In June 2014, the Black Aces spokesman Gordon Masondo confirmed that Mabizela's contract had been renewed until 30 June 2016. However, he was frozen out of the squad in October after falling out with manager Clive Barker, including a bust-up with a veteran coach and was released in December based on the recommendations of a disciplinary enquiry following his misbehavior.

On 26 January 2015, Mabizela signed for AmaZulu, which was at the bottom of the table, on a short-term contract. The player claimed that "the relegation challenge appealed to him", but failed to avoid relegation and was subsequently released.

National First Division (NFD)
Despite his negative experience with Clive Barker at Black Aces, Mabizela was requested to be signed by the former manager in October 2015, then at Maritzburg United. However, according to a former backroom employee at the club, the player would never sign for his hometown side after previous statements regarding the player, alcohol and banned substances. In the same month, he signed for NFD side Royal Eagles. In March 2016 he was dismissed for misconduct by the club.

International career
Mabizela was first called to the South Africa national team by Carlos Queiroz in November 2001 after only 3 months of PSL experience as a late replacement to Nasief Morris for a friendly match against Egypt, against who he made his debut as a right-back. He had a poor performance as a right-back during the 2002 Africa Cup of Nations and was left out of the 2002 FIFA World Cup squad coached by Jomo Sono. He was recalled in September 2002 by Ephraim Mashaba as a centre-back, earning back his place in the international squad and in June 2003 he was the youngest captain ever for the national team with the age of 22.

He scored a brace against Cape Verde during the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification.

His last match for the national team was in 2008 against Nigeria during the 2010 FIFA World Cup and Africa Cup of Nations qualification. He was dropped from the national squad after going AWOL from the national squad in October 2008 before a match against Malawi.

Mabizela went back to the headlines in January 2010 after claiming to be "better" than other defender that were in the national side, a view that was shared by commentators and fans. However, manager Carlos Alberto Parreira was unmoved by the comments and stressed that the behaviour of the players was part of the decision of the selection. He later wrote a letter of apology requesting to be given another chance but was never called to the national side again.

Coaching career
In 2018 Mabizela obtained his Safa coaching D-licence qualification and was coaching at the Local Football Association in KwaZulu-Natal.

Career statistics

 * Scores and results list South Africa's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Mabizela goal.

Honours
Orlando Pirates
 * South African Premier Division: 2002–03

title: Mbulelo Mabizela