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Bart's Comet

"Bart's Comet" is the fourteenth episode of the sixth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on February 5, 1995. In the episode, Bart Simpson accidentally discovers a comet, which is heading towards Springfield. The show's writing staff saw an issue of Time magazine that presented the threat of comets hitting Earth on its cover, and decided to create an episode in a similar vein. "Bart's Comet" contains references to Where's Waldo? and The Twilight Zone, and received positive reviews.

The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Bob Anderson.

Plot
After Bart sabotages Principal Skinner's weather balloon, Skinner punishes him by making him arrive in the schoolyard at 4:30 a.m. to be his amateur astronomy assistant. Whilst Skinner is distracted by retrieving the weather balloon, Bart accidentally locates a comet, which scientists soon discover is headed straight for Springfield. Professor Frink plans to launch a missile at the comet, exploding it before it touches the ground. Instead, the missile undershoots the comet and destroys the only bridge out of town. An evacuation of the town is voted down in Congress due to the addition of an amendment to the enabling legislation.

Homer decides his family should stay in Ned Flanders' bomb shelter; anticipating this scenario, Ned has constructed a shelter large enough for several people. Other townspeople soon arrive, crowding the shelter until Homer is unable to close the door. Because everyone else thinks they deserve to live, Ned is expelled from his own shelter.

Eventually, Homer feels guilty and leaves the shelter, followed by the other townspeople. Everyone joins Ned on a hill, joining in with his singing while awaiting death from the comet. As it enters the Earth's atmosphere, the comet burns up in the thick layer of pollution over Springfield. When it touches down, all that remains is a meteorite the size of a Chihuahua's head. Only the shelter and the weather balloon are destroyed, leaving the rest of the town untouched. The townspeople band together to burn down the observatory so "it will never happen again". With Homer having accurately predicted the comet's fate earlier, he, Bart and Lisa huddle together in fear.

Production
The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Bob Anderson. After seeing an issue of Time magazine, which presented the threat of comets hitting Earth on its cover, the writing staff decided to have an episode based on the concept of a comet hitting Springfield. They fleshed out the episode's plot over several days and Swartzwelder then set about writing the details of the script. According to showrunner David Mirkin, examples of "Swartzwelder humor" in the episode include the American fighter pilots mistaking Groundskeeper Willie for an Iraqi jet and cutting to Grampa and Jasper outside a 1940s general store. For the bomb shelter scene, the mass of townspeople was constructed on multiple layers so that it was easier to animate.

Kent Brockman's list of gay people is composed of the show's production staff, who had to sign legal agreements that they would not sue their own show. As a result, according to show creator Matt Groening, many of the staff appear on lists of gay people on the Internet. The episode marks the first appearance of Database, a character Groening dislikes if he is used for anything more than one line.

Mirkin considers the episode to be one of his all-time favorites, calling it a "perfect Simpsons episode" due to the size of the plot, emotion and observational humor.

Cultural references

 * The couch gag is a reference to the animation of Fleischer Studios.
 * The constellation of the Three Wise Men is a drawing of The Three Stooges.
 * Principal Skinner refers to the Comet Kohoutek.
 * The townspeople yanking their collars after the rocket destroys the only bridge out of town is a reference to Charles Nelson Reilly's performance in The Ghost & Mrs. Muir.
 * Waldo from Where's Waldo? appears near the top-left of a frame during the first group shot in the bomb shelter, imitating the style of the Where's Waldo? books.
 * The bomb shelter scenes were based on The Twilight Zone episodes "The Shelter" and "The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street".
 * The episode makes references to Back to the Future, including when Professor Frink accidentally sets his town model on fire, just like Doc Brown.
 * The Super Friends are named after the 1970s cartoon of the same name.
 * As the comet approaches Springfield, the townspeople sing "Que Sera Sera", a song originally recorded by Doris Day for Alfred Hitchcock's 1956 film The Man Who Knew Too Much.

Critical reception
Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, the authors of the book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, called it an "excellent episode" and praised the "great moment when the ever-pious Maude Flanders happily sacrifices her Neddy".

Mikey Cahill of the Herald Sun picked the episode's chalkboard gag, "Cursive writing does not mean what I think it does", as one of his favorite chalkboard gags in the history of the show.

Colin Jacobson of DVD Movie Guide said in a review of the sixth season DVD that he did not "share the same level of enthusiasm for it" as Mirkin, concluding: "I think it provides a consistently strong show. It stretches reality a bit, but that’s not a problem–or unusual for the series–and the program ends up as a positive one."

Ryan Keefer of DVD Verdict gave the episode a B−.

TV critics Matt Zoller Seitz and Alan Sepinwall cited the episode as how The Simpsons "always had the culture and the species on its mind even when it was clowning around", pointing to the moment near the end of the episode when the camera slowly pans across the Springfieldians' faces in the bomb shelter while Ned Flanders sings "Que Sera Sera": "a moment of existential terror that gives way to graceful resignation."

In the July 26, 2007 issue of Nature, the scientific journal's editorial staff listed "Bart's Comet" among "The Top Ten science moments in The Simpsons".

Ratings
In its original broadcast, "Bart's Comet" finished joint 33rd (with The X-Files and Hangin' with Mr. Cooper) in the ratings for the week of January 3 to February 5, 1995, with a Nielsen rating of 11.3. It was the fourth highest rated show on the Fox network that week.

title: Bart's Comet


text:
Talk:Fritigern

[Untitled]
(1) There is nothing to suggest Fritigern was king (reiks). The Romanized form 'Fritigernus' leaves some doubt about the Gothic form, its component roots, and thus, its meaning. The specified form and translation are reasonable but hypothetical.

(2) There are problems identifying the Thervingi of the 370s with the Visigoths of the 390s and later. Heather demonstrates that the later Visigoths emerged from mixed Therving/Greuthing/other groups. Heather also notes the survival of Gothic, including Therving, groups outside the Roman sphere.

(3) The famine may have taken place in 376 or 377. Ammianus strongly suggests the famine came before any formal settlement, while many Goths were penned into refugee camps.

(4) The date of death is hypothetical.

Untitled
Ancient Sources:

Mainly Ammianus, Jordanes & Zosimus.

Modern Sources:

Mainly Heather, Peter, 1998, 'The Goths.' Also Wolfram, Herwig, 1988, 'History of the Goths.'

Linguistic Sources:

Wulfila's translation of the New Testament (in part). Also Bennett, William, 1980, 'An Introduction to the Gothic Language,' & Wright, Joseph, 1954, 'Grammar of the Gothic Language.'

Jacob Haller 00:58, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Since three users have updated the main page since I posted my concerns, and none have addressed my concerns (on the article or the talk page), I noted these concerns on the article page. I would have to cut half the article to resolve my concerns about its accuracy. I am not willing to tear down other people's work and I would much rather address everything on this talk page. My apologies if this violates wiki protocol Thank you. Jacob Haller 03:54, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

Spain?
Why in the world is this article included in the Spain Project? Fritigern never came within a thousand miles of Spain, and the Visigothic kingdom won't exist for another century. Also, the third paragraph equates the Goths with the Scythians, which is obviously not true. --Michael K. Smith (talk) 19:37, 19 February 2009 (UTC)
 * You are correct about Spain; however, ancient historians often called the Goths Scythians - they came from roughly the same place as the Sythians came from, therefore they were Scythians, and a barbarian is a barbarian, right? (Don't blame me, that's how the ancients thought.) --Jmullaly (talk) 13:30, 4 January 2011 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Fritigern


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User:DullesGuy

Cool Beans.

Welcome to my user page... whoo!

I only do minor edits to Wikipedia (as you may notice,) but I try to keep them as accurate as possible. Please leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or concerns.

--Monty 20:09, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User:DullesGuy


text:
Talk:Treap

treap
I'm not sure the priority has to be random, even though a random priority can be used to help avoid worst-case insertions into a binary search tree. I believe that a treap resolves to a priority queue if non-random priorities are used.

If a helper function is implemented that updates the priority of a given element in the treap, then removal is as simple as updating the element to be removed's priority to MIN_VALUE, then deleting it, because it will then be a leaf Node. This may be asymptotically weaker than the canonical removal method though, due to necessary tree rotations to restore the heap property. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.66.36.135 (talk) 22:58, 29 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Rather than talking about what you're not sure of or what you believe, provide a source. Wikipedia is not built from the beliefs of editors. -- Jibal (talk) 06:30, 25 October 2018 (UTC)

Min heap versus max heap
In the original Aragon and Seidel paper, the illustrations showed a max heap ordering. Since the priority of a node is randomly generated, their is a small chance that a child and a parent could have the same priority. MegaHasher 00:20, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

The problem is that the image contradicts the text. The image shows max heap, but the text explains min heap. This is very confusing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mecki78 (talk • contribs) 21:16, 3 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree. I think that "max heap" (root node has highest numeric value) may be slightly easier to understand than "min heap", so I've edited the article to try to be consistent "max heap" terminology. --68.0.124.33 (talk) 18:49, 20 May 2010 (UTC)

Plagiarized material in the Article
A majority of the Definition section looked like it was plagiarized wholesale from a webpage (apparently from 2003) at Cornell, and no attribution was given. I removed the material and added an external link. 71.182.188.252 19:47, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

My change was reverted as vandalism. Here is the webpage that I think the material was taken from: http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Courses/cs312/2003sp/lectures/lec26.html. Kstauffer 19:54, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I removed it again. We'll see whether it sticks this time. It would probably have helped to use a more detailed edit summary — a large removal of material by an anonymous user with no explanation looks at first glance a lot like vandalism, so it's easy to understand why it was reverted. —David Eppstein 20:55, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

Amortized O(log(n)) worst case
Really? I would think that, given the worst case in which the treap ends up totally unbalanced, search would be O(n). Where does the lower amortized bound come from? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Anschelsc (talk • contribs) 06:38, 24 February 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't know why they're listed as amortized, either. They should be O(\log n) expected time and O(log n) with high probability. —David Eppstein (talk) 08:11, 24 February 2014 (UTC)

 * The chance of the worst case occurring is only 1/(n!), and is independent of the data (assuming that the pseudorandom number generator is randomly seeded). Because it's independent of the data, the worst case amortized across numerous runs with the same data is O(log n). -- Jibal (talk) 06:46, 25 October 2018 (UTC)
 * That's what expected case means. It's not what amortized means. —David Eppstein (talk) 07:02, 25 October 2018 (UTC)

It's not clear how to merge treaps
I think the description of the merge operation in the Bulk Operations section is very unclear. I might try fixing it later. 119.85.37.175 (talk) 01:46, 10 July 2015 (UTC)

 * I fixed it. Any refinements welcome. 119.85.37.175 (talk) 01:58, 10 July 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Treap


text:
Wikipedia:Collaboration of the week/Global Internet Access

Global Internet access

 * Nominated on 01:01, 13 October 2005 (UTC); needs 9 votes by 3 November.

This is really important in relation to the activity of various language versions of Wikipedia.

Support:
 * 1) Djbaniel 01:01, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) I've changed th name and tidied it a bit, but this is an important article. --Gareth Hughes 14:33, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Waltwe 16:42, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) AnyFile 20:24, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Dragondrow 17:56, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) HereToHelp (talk) 01:55, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Tobb 07:08, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) on2see I've got to agree, it's not very informational, just has... numbers... A little more information on the topic? 6:37 PM, 7 November 2005 (EST)
 * 9) Pyro19 10:00, 10 November 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) ZeWrestler   Talk 21:04, 13 November 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Interesting and currently topical. the wub  "?!"  11:23, 17 November 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Third 23:13, 20 November 2005 (UTC) Interesting topic, needs more info in addition to statistics
 * 13) Tothebarricades 07:36, 24 November 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Pindar~enwiki

What is the source and copyright status of ? --JWSchmidt 01:01, 13 October 2005 (UTC) Is this how I answer you. I also added an image of Stanley (The Winner) and removed an image of Highlander Racing's vehicle since I did not see that vehicle at the actual event. The image are from press kits, so presumably open for use on wikipedia. --Pindar 11:41, 13 October 2005

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Pindar. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Pindar~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:25, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 17:37, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pindar~enwiki


text:
Timothy O'Shea

Sir Timothy Michael Martin O'Shea (born 28 March 1949, Hamburg, Germany) is a British computer scientist and academic. He was the Master of Birkbeck, University of London from 1998 to 2002 and subsequently Vice-Chancellor and Principal of the University of Edinburgh from 2002 to 2018.

Biography
O'Shea grew up in London, attended the Royal Liberty School, in Romford, Essex. A computer scientist, he was Master of Birkbeck College from 1998 to 2002 and Pro-Vice-Chancellor of the University of London from 2001.

A graduate of the Universities of Sussex and Leeds, he has worked in the United States and for the Open University where he founded the Computer Assisted Learning Research Group and worked on a range of educational technology research and development projects, later becoming Pro-Vice-Chancellor there. He was a Research Fellow at the University of Edinburgh, Department of Artificial Intelligence, from 1974 to 1978.

The most translated of his ten books is Learning and Teaching with Computers, co-authored with John Self and his most recent 2007 book, In Order to Learn, published by Oxford University Press, was co-edited with Frank Ritter, Josef Nerb and Erno Lehtinen.

O'Shea became Principal of the University of Edinburgh in October 2002. Since his appointment he has sat on various boards including the Boards of Scottish Enterprise, the Intermediary Technology Institute Scotland Ltd, the British Council, the Governing Body of the Roslin Institute and has been Convenor of the Research and Commercialisation Committee of Universities Scotland and Acting Convener of Universities Scotland.

In 2004 he was elected Fellow of The Royal Society of Edinburgh.

He was knighted in the 2008 New Year Honours.

O'Shea received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 2008

On 21 June 2016, it was announced that O'Shea would step down from his position as Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the university in September 2017.

Boards and Committees
Since January 2008, O’Shea has been Chair of Jisc (formerly the Joint Information Systems Committee). He is also Chair of the Scottish Institute for Enterprise, was Chair of the board of directors of the Edinburgh Festival Fringe from 2012 to 2021, and the Board of Newbattle Abbey College Trust. He sits on the Council of the Confucius Institute Headquarters, and is currently a member of the German Initiative for Excellence, or 'Excellenzinitiative'.

title: Timothy O'Shea


text:
Shashavaglava

Shashavaglava is the debut studio album by Australian rock band Spiderbait. "Shashavaglava" means "crazyhead" in Serbo-Croatian. The final seven tracks are incorporated from an earlier EP, P'tang Yang Kipper Bang Uh!.

It was originally released in June 1993 on Au Go Go. In 1995, when Spiderbait signed to Polygram, the album was reissued on the new label.

Track listing
Note: The original Au Go Go release has incorrect track marks. The song "Shashavaglava" is split over two tracks, while "Invisible Man" and "K.C.R." appear as a single track. This causes the track numbers of the intervening tracks to be offset by one. The problem was corrected in later pressings. It also appears like this in the iTunes and Spotify release.

title: Shashavaglava


text:
Evagrius Ponticus

Evagrius Ponticus (Εὐάγριος ὁ Ποντικός), also called Evagrius the Solitary (345–399 AD), was a Christian monk and ascetic from Heraclea, a city on the coast of Bithynia in Asia Minor. One of the most influential theologians in the late fourth-century church, he was well known as a thinker, polished speaker, and gifted writer. He left a promising ecclesiastical career in Constantinople and traveled to Jerusalem, where in 383 AD he became a monk at the monastery of Rufinus and Melania the Elder. He then went to Egypt and spent the remaining years of his life in Nitria and Kellia, marked by years of asceticism and writing. He was a disciple of several influential contemporary church leaders, including Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Macarius of Egypt. He was a teacher of others, including John Cassian and Palladius of Galatia.

Life
There are five main sources of information on Evagrius' life. Firstly, there exists a biographical account in chapter 38 of The Lausiac History of bishop Palladius of Helenopolis (c. 420); Palladius was a friend and disciple of Evagrius, and spent about nine years sharing Evagrius' life in the desert. Secondly, there is a chapter on Evagrius in the anonymous Enquiry about the monks of Egypt, which predates Palladius, and is a first-hand account of a voyage taken by seven monks from Palestine in the winter of 394–5 to the principal monastic sites in Egypt. The final three sources are briefer and with more distinct biases: Evagrius features in some of the Apophthegmata literature, as well as in the church histories of Socrates and Sozomen.

Evagrius was born into a Christian family in the small town of Ibora, modern-day İverönü, Erbaa in the late Roman province of Helenopontus. He was educated in Neocaesarea, where he was ordained as a lector under Basil the Great. Around 380 he joined Gregory of Nazianzus in Constantinople, where Gregory had been installed as bishop, and was promoted to deacon. He stayed on in Constantinople after Gregory left in July 381, and eventually became an archdeacon. When Emperor Theodosius I convened the Second Ecumenical Council in 381, Evagrius was present, despite Gregory's premature departure.

According to the biography written by Palladius, Constantinople offered many worldly attractions, and Evagrius' vanity was aroused by the high praise of his peers. Eventually, he became infatuated with a married woman. Amid this temptation, he is said to have had a vision in which he was imprisoned by the soldiers of the governor at the request of the woman's husband. This vision, and the warning of an attendant angel, made him flee from the capital and head for Jerusalem.

For a short time, he stayed with Melania the Elder and Rufinus of Aquileia in a monastery near Jerusalem, but even there he could not forsake his vainglory and pride. He apparently took special care of his dress, and spent much of his time sauntering through the streets of the cosmopolitan Holy City. He fell gravely ill and only after he confessed his troubles to Melania, and accepted her instruction to become a monk was he restored to health. After being made a monk at Jerusalem in 383, he joined a cenobitic community of monks in Nitria in Lower Egypt in around 385, but after some years moved to Kellia. There he spent the last fourteen years of his life pursuing studies under Macarius of Alexandria and Macarius the Great (who had been a disciple of Anthony the Great, and lived at the monastic colony of Scetis, about 25 miles away).

Evagrius lived an ascetic life. He ate only once a day and did not consume fruit, meat or vegetables or any cooked food. He also refrained from bathing. His extreme diet ruined his digestive tract and it is suspected he suffered from urinary tract stones. Evagrius did not sleep more than a few hours each night and devoted much time to contemplation and prayer.

Evagrius is venerated as a Saint in the Syriac Orthodox Church, which celebrates his feast on January 16, and likewise in the Armenian Apostolic Church, which celebrates his feast on February 11.

Writings
The following titles are considered authentic works attributable to Evagrius:

 * Epistula fidei. This was probably written around 379 in Constantinople and is possibly Evagrius' earliest published work.
 * Rerum monachialum rationes is also an early work, though from the time Evagrius was in Egypt.
 * Tractatus ad Eulogium (= Treatise to the Monk Eulogius / To Eulogius) is also an early work.
 * The Praktikos
 * The Gnostikos
 * Kephalaia Gnostica (Problemata Gnostica)
 * De oratione (De oratione caputula = Chapters on Prayer). This consists of a prologue and 153 chapters.
 * Antirrhetikos (Counter-Arguments), which lists 487 temptations and categorizes them into the 8 evil thoughts. Only the Syriac and Armenian versions survive.
 * Institutio ad monachos (Exhortations to Monks)
 * Sentences for Monks
 * Ad virginem (Exhortation to a Virgin)
 * Hypotyposis
 * De diversis malignis cogitationibus
 * De magistris et disciplulis
 * Treatise on Various Evil Thoughts (Capita Cognoscitiva)
 * Protrepticus
 * Paraeneticus
 * The Chapters of the Disciples of Evagrius
 * 62 letters
 * Various scholia also remain, including
 * Scholia on the Psalms
 * Scholia on Proverbs
 * Scholia on Ecclesiastes
 * Scholia on Job
 * Scriptural commentaries
 * Commentary on the Psalms
 * De Seraphim (deals with the vision of Isaiah)
 * De Cherubim (deals with the vision of Ezekiel)
 * Commentary on the Pater Noster
 * Various ascetic treatises: De Justis et Perfectis

Although ascribed to Evagrius, these two works are considered to be of doubtful authenticity.
 * De Malignis Cogitationibus
 * Collections of Sentences

Teachings
Most Egyptian monks of that time were illiterate. Evagrius, a highly educated classical scholar, is believed to be one of the first people to begin recording and systematizing the erstwhile oral teachings of the monastic authorities known as the Desert Fathers. Eventually, he also became regarded as a Desert Father, and several of his apothegms appear in the Vitae Patrum (a collection of sayings from early Christian monks).

Evagrius rigorously tried to avoid teaching beyond the spiritual maturity of his audiences. When addressing novices, he carefully stuck to concrete, practical issues (which he called praktike). For example, in Peri Logismon 16, he includes this disclaimer:

I cannot write about all the villainies of the demons; and I feel ashamed to speak about them at length and in detail, for fear of harming the more simple-minded among my readers.

His more advanced students enjoyed more theoretical, contemplative material (gnostike).

Logismoi
The most prominent feature of his research was a system of categorizing various forms of temptation. He developed a comprehensive list in AD 375 of eight evil thoughts (λογισμοὶ), or eight terrible temptations, from which all sinful behavior springs. This list was intended to serve a diagnostic purpose: to help readers identify the process of temptation, their own strengths and weaknesses, and the remedies available for overcoming temptation.

Evagrius stated that "The first thought of all is that of love of self; after this, the eight."

The eight patterns of evil thought are gluttony, lust, greed, sadness, acedia [despondency], anger, vainglory, pride. Some two centuries later in 590 AD, Pope Gregory I, "Pope Gregory The Great" would revise this list to form the more commonly known Seven Deadly Sins, where Pope Gregory the Great combined acedia (despondency) with tristitia (sorrow), calling the combination the sin of sloth; vainglory with pride; and added envy to the list of "Seven Deadly Sins".

Apatheia
In Evagrius' time, the Greek word apatheia was used to refer to a state of being without passion. Evagrius wrote: "A man in chains cannot run. Nor can the mind that is enslaved to passion see the place of spiritual prayer. It is dragged along and tossed by these passion-filled thoughts and cannot stand firm and tranquil."

Tears
Evagrius taught that tears were the utmost sign of true repentance and that weeping, even for days at a time, opened one up to God.

Accusations of heresy
Even in his own day, Evagrius' views had been criticised. A controversy over how to conceptualise God that broke out in the Nitrian desert in 400 saw dispute in which one side was influenced by Origenist views. Although Evagrius was not mentioned in this dispute, in 415 Jerome's Letter 133 accuses Evagrius of being a prominent Origenist, and critiques his teaching on apatheia.

Like the other Cappadocian fathers Gregory of Nazianzus and Basil of Caesarea, Evagrius was an avid student of Origen of Alexandria (c. 185-250 AD), and he further developed certain esoteric speculations regarding the pre-existence of human souls, the Origenist account of apocatastasis, and certain teachings about the natures of God and Christ.

Influence
The accusations of heresy meant that many of his more speculative writings were lost in the original Greek. Since, however, by the sixth century, many of his writings had been translated into Syriac and Armenian - the traditions unaffected by the decisions of the 553 Council - these works survived in these translations (and some of these sixth-century Syriac manuscripts survive today). In addition, substantial fragments of a Sogdian version of Evagrius' Antirrhetikos have been rediscovered as well.

Many of Evagrius' more ascetic works survive in Greek, often in manuscripts of the tenth century and after from Mount Athos and other monastic centres, although often attributed to Nilus of Ancyra, or occasionally to Basil or Gregory of Nazianzus. His exegetical scholia were incorporated into anthologies, sometimes with correct attribution, sometimes not (those on the Psalms were typically attributed to Origen). Only in the twentieth century was this set of ascetic works properly attributed to Evagrius.

In the Latin world, Evagrius’ friend Rufinus is known to have translated several of the works into Latin in the early fifth century, and others were translated decades later by Gennadius of Marseilles. Although these were the very first translations of Evagrius’ works, they have been entirely lost; only later Latin versions of two collections of proverbs (the Sentences for Monks and Sentences for a Virgin) and the treatise On the Eight Spirits survive. The Sentences were popular in Benedictine circles, ironically often attributed to “Evagrius the bishop.” The latter text was always attributed to Nilus.

Evagrius' influence was arguably greater in its indirect forms. Within the Greek literature of Byzantine monasticism, Evagrius’ presence is obvious in both the content and the format of works by Diadochus of Photike, Maximus the Confessor, John of Damascus, Symeon the New Theologian, and Gregory Palamas. The fullest flowering of Evagrius’ influence in the Syriac world was in the spiritual writings of Isaac of Nineveh, who relies heavily on Evagrius’ teaching on both the passions and prayer. In the Latin world, Evagrius' influence came in the way that John Cassian, one of his most faithful disciples, preserved and propagated the basic elements of Evagrius' teaching on the stages of the monastic life, tripartite anthropology, and the eight thoughts (although Cassian never mentions Evagrius by name, since his reputation was already tainted). Through Cassian, Evagrius' thought passed to Gregory the Great, and the Evagrian schema of eight generic thoughts afflicting the monks of Egypt was transformed into a list now famous as the Seven Deadly Sins.

Works

 * Modern editions
 * A list of modern editions of Evagrius' writings in Greek and Syriac, as well as German translations, is contained in Julia Konstantinovsky, Evagrius Ponticus: The Making of a Gnostic, (Ashgate, 2009), pp. 186–8, and in Columba Stewart, Imageless Prayer and the Theological Vision of Evagrius Ponticus, Journal of Early Christian Studies 9:2, (2001), pp. 202–4.

 * English translations
 * Evagrius. The Praktikos and Chapters on Prayer. Cistercian Studies Series, vol. 4. Translated by John Eudes Bamberger OCSO. Kalamazoo: Cistercian Publications, 1972.
 * On Prayer, One-Hundred and Fifty-Three Texts, The Philokalia, vol 1, ed and translated by Palmer, Sherrard and Ware, (London, 1979)
 * M Parmentier, 'Evagrius of Pontus and the "Letter to Melania"', Bijdragen, tijdschrift voor filosofie en theologie, 46, (Amsterdam, 1985), 2-38
 * Evagrius Ponticus: Praktikos and On Prayer, trans Simon Tugwell, (Oxford: Faculty of Theology, 1987)
 * 'Epistula fidei', in RJ Deferrari, Loeb 190, pp. 46–93
 * G Gould, 'An Ancient Monastic Writing giving advice to spiritual directors (Evagrius of Pontus, On the Teachers and Disciples)', Hallel 22, (1997), pp. 96–103) [translation of De magistris et discipulis]
 * 'Evagrius Ponticus, Antirrheticus (Selections)', translated by M O'Laughlin, in Vincent L Wimbush, ed, Ascetic Behavior in Greco-Roman antiquity: a sourcebook, (Minneapolis, 1990), pp. 243–62.
 * Evagrius Ponticus: Ad Monachos, translation and Commentary by Jeremy Driscoll, ACW 59. (Paulist Press, 2003) [See also Jeremy Driscoll, The “Ad monachos” of Evagrius Ponticus: Its Structure and a Select Commentary, Studia Anselmiana 104 (Rome: Pontificio Ateneo S. Anselmo, 1991)]
 * Evagrius. Evagrius Ponticus. Translated by Augustine Casiday. (New York: Routledge, 2006)
 * Evagrius. Evagrius of Pontus: The Greek Ascetic Corpus. Translated by Robert E. Sinkewicz, (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2003).
 * William Harmless and Raymond R. Fitzgerald, "'The Sapphire Light of the Mind': The Skemmata of Evagrius Ponticus," Theological Studies 62 (2001): 498–529.
 * Martin Parmentier, "Evagrius of Pontus and the 'Letter to Melania,'" Bijdragen, tijdschrift voor filosofie en theologie 46 (1985): 2–38, reprinted in Forms of Devotion: Conversion, Worship, Spirituality, and Asceticism, ed. Everett Ferguson (New York: Garland, 1999), 272–309.

 * French translations
 * Antoine Guillaumont & Claire Guillaumont, Évagre le Pontique, traité pratique ou le Moine, SC 170–171 (Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1971). (Praktikos in French)
 * Antoine Guillaumont, Évagre Le Pontique: "Le gnostique" ou, À celui qui est devenu digne de la science, SC 356 (Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1989). (Gnostikos in French)
 * Antoine Guillaumont, Les six centuries des "Kephalaia Gnostica": édition critique de la version syriaque commune et édition d'une nouvelle version syriaque, PO 28, fasc. 1 (Paris: Firmin–Didot, 1958). (Kephalaia Gnostica in French)
 * Paul Géhin, Claire Guillaumont, and Antoine Guillaumont, eds., Évagre le Pontique: sur les pensées, SC 438 (Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1998). (Peri logismōn in French)
 * Paul Géhin, Évagre le Pontique: scholies aux Proverbes, SC 340 (Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1987).
 * Paul Géhin, Évagre le Pontique: scholies à l'Ecclésiaste, SC 397 (Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1993).

title: Evagrius Ponticus


text:
Talk:The Pocket Guide to the Apocalypse

There is also a new book out called The Field Guide to the Apocalypse Movie Survival Tips for the End of the World User:Thorton

Is Wikipedia now in the business of plugging books by giving them their own entries? Let me know so I can create entries for books written by my pals too. (LMF)
 * Many (The_Illuminatus%21_Trilogy) other (Worst-Case_Scenario_Handbook) books (The_City_and_the_Stars) have their own Wikipedia articles. If you think this article has POV issues, or is guilty of being autobiographical, take issue with that. --Woodardj 13:47, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

Should this really be marked a "Christian Text" stub? The book in question seems to draw heavily on the Christian view of the apocalypse but I think that Christians might not consider the book a "Christian text." --Woodardj 13:47, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

According to this review:, this book is not merely a humorous take on the beliefs of Christians, but actually also an explanation of the different denominations' views on apocalypse; a quick google search shows that it's available on many christian bookshop sites. This said, I'm not entirely sure this is worthy of a wiki article. Thudso (talk) 19:35, 24 June 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Pocket Guide to the Apocalypse


text: User talk:70.48.39.62

title: User talk:70.48.39.62


text:
Talk:Hot cell

Got a pick of a manipulator somewhere. Scott 01:08, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * That completely rocks. I want to put it on the commons so everyone around the world can see how awesome this picture is. -Theanphibian (talk • contribs) 18:37, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hot cell


text:
Ahlbeck, Heringsdorf

Ahlbeck is a village (Ortsteil) of the Heringsdorf municipality on the island of Usedom on the Baltic coast. It is the easternmost of the so-called Kaiserbäder ("Imperial Spas") seaside resorts on the German part of the island, situated right next to the border with Poland and the city of Świnoujście. Both communities are freely connected by the longest beach promenade in Europe spanning more than 12 km from Bansin to Świnoujście.

History
First mentioned as Ahlebeck (Low German for 'eel creek') in 1693, fishermen settled the side after Usedom had passed from Sweden to Prussia upon the 1720 Treaty of Stockholm. In the 19th century, the settlement quickly rose to a stylish seaside resort.

Sights
Major attractions include the famous 280 m long Seebrücke and the oldest preserved pier in Germany. Ahlbeck has numerous scenic houses and mansions in the German Gründerzeit style of resort architecture. The bathing resort OstseeTherme is a popular tourist attraction; close to it, there is the architecturally noteworthy Observation Tower Ahlbeck with three observation decks and an elevator.

title: Ahlbeck, Heringsdorf


text: User:Furtim

title: User:Furtim


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Freestylefrappe 2

 * The following discussion is preserved as an archive of a successful request for adminship. Please do not modify it.

Freestylefrappe
Final (38/11/3) ending 01:10 October 19, 2005 (UTC)

– This is Freestylefrappe's second nomination (May 2005 was the first) after an earlier self nomination failed essentially to not enough edits (only about 450 at that time). Today, Kate's tool shows a total of almost 3,000 edits for those that care about edit counts. Freestylefrappe is well rounded; he almost always uses edit summaries, contributes to Wiki namespace, has made big contributions of quality to numerous articles, doesn't engage in edit wars, utilizes talk pages and is an overall asset to Wikipedia. He has been around for over a year and has familiarity with six languages. Time for a mop and a bucket MONGO 01:10, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Candidate, please indicate acceptance of the nomination here:

I gratefully accept. freestylefrappe 01:43, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) Support As nominator, absolutely! MONGO 01:11, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support does not fit my opposing criteria. --Bjarki 02:17, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Support --JAranda'' | watz sup 02:18, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Support RfA cliche #1. -Greg Asche (talk) 02:19, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Support, he seems to do good work. Christopher Parham (talk) 02:35, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Support Can't have too many! And doesn't seem to be an Albanian, Macedonian, Pakistani, Indian, Hindu, or Ahmadi. --BorgHunter (talk) 03:09, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Support. El_C 03:25, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Support Job  e  6  [[Image:Peru flag large.png|20px]] 03:44, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Weak Support. This user once annoyed me about a joke I did to WikiFanatic after I already apologized days ago, so that rather ignored me that s/he (assume she) was reprimanding me for it after it was over. But otherwise the Frappe is a pretty good editor. R  e  dwolf24  (talk—How's my driving?) 03:54, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Yup (I was sure he was an Albanian Hindu). Grutness...  wha?  05:03, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Support. For sure!  Ban e  s  05:33, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Support Give him a mop`! --Rogerd 05:40, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) Merovingian (t) (c) 07:15, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 14) Support would have been easier if the vote here link worked. CambridgeBayWeather 07:46, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 15) S'port --Doc (?) 07:51, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 16) Support. --Monkbel 10:48, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 17) Support. the wub  "?!"  11:42, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 18) Support. Frappe does good things. -Splash talk 12:26, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 19) Support. utcursch | talk 13:12, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 20) Support. KHM03 15:09, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 21) Support. Kirill Lokshin 15:10, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 22) Support. Or an  e   (t)  (c)   (@)  15:41, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 23) Support Looks to be a strong editor. Maltmomma (chat) [[Image:Flag_of_Texas.svg|18px]] 17:08, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 24) Support --User:Deepak gupta 00:13, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 25) -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 05:23, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 26) —Charles P. (Mirv) 19:40, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 27) Bring him in, boys! (And girls; no bias here.) Denelson83 22:41, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 28) Support. CDThieme 03:05, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 29) Support Molotov  (talk)[[Image:Caranimationforvmolotov.gif|20px]]
 * 30) Guettarda 13:36, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 31) Support Bratsche talk 19:12, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 32) Support Good history.   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   19:14, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 33) Support. Jonathunder 22:36, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 34) Slac  speak up!  20:19, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 35) Strong support -- Francs2000 [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px| ]] 22:40, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 36) Support editcountitiscountitis is fatal.  Grue  21:18, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 37) Support —Wayward Talk 06:20, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 38) Martin  09:23, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Oppose

Weak Oppose. I would support, but during my RfA, this user went around to other people's talk pages and told them to vote against me. He failed to assume good faith on multiple editors parts. I do not particularly care for this type of behaviour. This should be no big deal, so I should at least vote neutral since I don't mind his contributions, but I just cannot support this candidate at this time. -- Lord Vold e  mort  (Dark Mark)  14:52, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose. --Scimitar parley 16:12, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose. I'd have expected this user to have been a bit more proactive in solving edit disputes, especially on articles started by him. Seems to be like he is on his own track offering little assistance to the actual issues on hand. More maturity required. Idleguy 16:27, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Weak oppose. I have no objections against him as an editor, and this is the first time I ever oppose a RfA; but his attitude of contacting other users who, like him, had voted against my RfA based on edicountitis in order to establish a common baseline to oppose other "inexperienced" users from becoming admins, dissapointed me. Shauri  [[Image:Heart.gif|11px]]  smile!  00:10, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Oppose, I am sorry Freestylefrappe, but learning how important you feel edit counts to be, I'd rather see you get more experience, first. If your vote should fail, see that as an opportunity in your personal evolution as a Wikipedian.--Wiglaf 06:25, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * He has over three thousand edits and he's been here a year. How much more experience do you think he needs? unsigned edit by
 * Since he feels that edit counts are so important that he wrote what Shauri has indicated, I really think we should give him the opportunity of building up an edit count that makes him feel worthy. He deserves that opportunity.--Wiglaf 21:14, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Weak Oppose. While I can place trust in you, I don't know if you know all the WP guidelines yet. Back in late August/early September in my own RfA, you said that "you cannot become an admin until you have made 1,000 edits". Sorry. --WikiFanaticTalk Contribs 23:48, 13 October 2005 (CDT)
 * As I left a note below in the comments section, Freestylefrappe lost his first nomination due to a low edit count, at which time a half dozens folks then told him his edit count was too low...this is the primary reason he may have made the comments to you and to others along a similar vein.--MONGO 04:53, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Hahaha, no, see WikiFanatic's talk page and my own for an explanation. I wasnt speaking in terms of policy, I was trying to be realistic. freestylefrappe 19:56, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose per Wiglaf. Places a strong emphasis on edit counts. Andre ( talk ) 22:26, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) "a total of almost 3,000 edits for those that care about edit counts" (emphasis mine). A rather ironic comment. Oppose. – ugen64 02:05, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Why is that an ironic comment?--MONGO 05:13, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * In regard to the last five users who have voted oppose, RFA voting style has nothing to do with being an admin. It does not reflect my experience with Wikipedia nor does it have any connection to how I will use sysop privleges. You are voting against me based on a longstanding and precedented policy of requiring a certain number of edits. Perhaps you have not seen Requests for adminship/Standards...? Or perhaps you had seen that page, but were unaware of my Userpage where I state a minimum of 1,000 edits - which, compared to the standards of many other users, some of whom are admins, would seem small. freestylefrappe 03:58, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, the fact that your RfA votes usually look like "oppose, per so-and-so" shows a worrisome lack of communication. This RfA is the first time I've opposed without stating my reasons, and I did it to show you exactly how frustrating it can be to a candidate when the opposition refuses to say why they distrust you.--Scimitar parley 17:45, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Never have I once given any objection regarding your not stating your reasons. If you have a problem with voting per another user you should make a suggestion of changing Wikipedia policy. freestylefrappe 19:01, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * No, but I state my reasons. My problem is that an admin voting should give reasons for his vote- they should adhere to the spirit, not the letter, of policy, and should realize that it can be frustrating for candidates when they see "Oppose- less than 3000 edits" and then you underneath going "Oppose, per above".  Admins should be models in communication.--Scimitar parley 14:50, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose, sneaky personal attack on the user page? Not nice. Proto t c 10:17, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * And I really don't care for contributions like this, this and this - let people decide to vote to oppose/support a candidacy for adminship under their own steam. Proto t c 15:15, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * As repeatedly stated, Freestylefrappe lost his first adminship attempt because many thought his edit count was too low along a similar voting train of thought as the one you did here. We all have standards either advertised or not that we follow for such things.--MONGO 20:21, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't understand what point you're trying to make. See my comment below. Proto t c 11:21, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I simply informed other users that their stated requirements were not met by a user up for adminship. I neither suggested they vote oppose nor did I make any outstanding remarks. If you look at Comics' talkpage you'll notice I offered to re-nominate him after he got more experience. freestylefrappe 19:01, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I would imagine users are simply able to inform themselves of how to vote. I don't like vote influencing. Proto t c 11:21, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose per Proto. Ëvilphoenix Burn! 22:12, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose. Sorry, I have to agree with Proto. The "get out the vote" campaigns show poor judgment. Garnering for "oppose" votes on user talk pages shows poor judgment, and it once became an ArbCom issue. The case here is much less severe, but it still makes me uneasy. Sjakkalle (Check!)  14:55, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Weak oppose, as I'm not really happy with FSF's response to the criticisms above. Radiant_ >|< 21:49, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Oppose, per Proto.  Even if his actions were in response to his previously being denied adminship, that doesn't mean he needs to run around ensuring that no one else with low edit counts becomes an admin either.  It seems kind of immature, and isn't the kind of person who I would like to see be an admin.  Also, I think that people should use  as an initial warning on a talk page, instead of, in the spirit of Please do not bite the newcomers. --Kewp (t) 15:13, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Oppose. A confrontational attitude is not desirable in an admin.  Friday (talk) 02:21, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Oppose From weak neutral, after I suddenly found this on my talk page Unfortunately, this confirms, in my mind, the concerns raised here. Much anger is there in this one. Better inappropriate and pointless than confrontational and humorless. Clearly lacks the temperment to be an effective Sysop.--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 04:33, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Question: Do the last 2 votes in oppose count since they were made after the deadline? I think the ending should be the 20th and not the 19th, but that still questions the last two oppose votes.--MONGO 05:33, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * If so Kewp's oppose vote also has to count. He only stroke it because he thought the vote was over.--Wiglaf 06:46, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It is long established principle that all 'votes' count until a 'crat closes the debate. Same principle applies to AfD etc etc too. As long as the question is open, everyone is invited to join in. -Splash talk 12:20, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Then why have it open for 7 days to a set time and date if it isn't going to be followed? What good are rules like that if they aren't strictly enforced? You don't need a 'crat to close an AfD vote anyway.--MONGO 13:37, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * On AFD dbeates people may, and do vote after the five (or six)-day deadline has passed. The rules mean that closing a debate prematurely is disallowed, it does not forbid postponments of the closure. Sjakkalle (Check!)  13:43, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Then why have it read as "ending 01:10 October 19, 2005 (UTC)" Ending....are we now waiting for the "missing chads"? It matters not when a 'crat decides to close the debate part, I just don't see why votes after the time which says "ending" should count. Oh well.--MONGO 13:55, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I think b-crat may ignore the votes being cast after the deadline, at least that's how I was promoted. After the voting time for me finished, I opposed some other nomination and then I got oppose vote from one of his supporters. I don't think that was counted.  Grue  14:22, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Neutral
 * 1) Generally, I haven't had a bad experience with him, but he needs to steer clear of taking sides in petty disputes. Aside from that, good work.  a.n.o.n.y.m   t 01:22, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Neutral I'm neutral on this one after reading the comments on this users behavior by Lord Voldemort, and Anonymous editor. Privat  e   Butcher  15:45, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Weak Neutral. Changed vote from oppose. I still am a bit wary of his/her behavior (see my last vote above), but he/she has been a great sport in responding to private emails. I guess it's no big deal. Good luck, my friend. -- Lord Vold e  mort  (Dark Mark)  14:15, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Weak Neutral Although I'm impressed by the contributions, there is something about this candidate's style I find confrontational and perhaps a wee bit vindictive. While I've yet to have any direct dealings with the nominee, I cannot bring myself to support.--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 02:14, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Comments
 * I would like to take this as an opportunity to clear up some misconceptions. For the record, I am and have never been an Albanian, Macedonian, Pakistani, Indian, Hindu, or Ahmadi. In the near future I plan on adding John Adams' Second State of the Union Address, and a page on October 11 2005 letter from al-Zawahiri to al-Zarqawi. freestylefrappe 01:43, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Does he really speak 720 languages? — J I P | Talk 05:25, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * No Jip, the parenthesis denote multiplication, so he actually speacks 4320 languages -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 05:23, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, the number in parens could be an order of magnitude - 6! = 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 720; so six (6!) could mean 6 to the 720th power. My calculator does not go that high. BD2412  talk 03:57, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The "Vote Here" link doesn't appear to be working on this nomination...anyone know how to fix it?--MONGO 10:58, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Fixed. -Splash talk 12:26, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * After going through his edit history exhaustively, I see that many of the articles he has created and or worked on would possibly be in areas that would cause friction as far as substance and following NPOV and in the few cases in which he had difficulty with this, it was months ago. But in none of those, did I notice any POV pushing, hostility, or edit warring...a pretty big achievement considering the potentially of angry debate due to the subject matter.--MONGO 20:20, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Voters should bear in mind that Freestylefrappe's first nomination failed primarily because of his low edit numbers, hence his apparent concern over edit counts for all admin nominations.
 * "Even if his actions were in response to his previously being denied adminship, that doesn't mean he needs to run around ensuring that no one else with low edit counts becomes an admin either. It seems kind of immature, and isn't the kind of person who I would like to see be an admin. Extremely well put by Kewp.  Shauri  [[Image:Heart.gif|11px]]  smile!  13:44, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * For any curious users: [for adminship/Shauri]. Wiglaf nominated, Scimitar is number 10, Andre is 13, Sjakkalle is 16, and Radiant! is 25. I can understand - and believe Andre, Sjakkalle, and Radiant!'s votes as legitimate concerns that have nothing to do with that RFA. Scimitar, Wiglaf, and Shauri are trying to pick a fight with me over one vote. Shauri's comment to ALKIVAR is contradictory to her oppose vote here, "if the number of edits is what matters to you, I guess I can understand". freestylefrappe 00:38, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm truly sorry that you think that way, Freestyle. But I know my motives for opposing, and they have nothing to do with edit count, and even less with a personal issue. In fact, if you read my argumentation, I clearly state that "I have nothing against (you) as an editor". I believe my reasons are expressed clearly, and they are closely related to Sjakkalle's: it's the "get out the vote" campaign based on editcountitis that you clearly stated you were trying to organize against other users' RfAs what I found distasteful. By then, my own RfA was over, so I was safe from it; but not other users whose own nominations were active. Furthermore, such campaigns have nothing intrinsecally bad from my humble point of view, but it's their objectives that define them; and I definetely consider reprehensible one specifically made to oppose your fellow editors' RfA. My comment to Alkivar is also misquoted: I meant that, if his criteria for voting was based on edit counts, I understood, I respected it and had nothing further to add; which is far from stating that I approve it, as I have shown by supporting other users whose RfAs were controverted on the grounds of editcountitis . Your suggestion that I'm taking some sort of "revenge" on your oppose vote also fails to address the fact that I supported the RfAs of other users who, like you, had opposed mine, like RyanNorton and Durin  (who later changed his opposal to neutral). It saddens me that you don't assume good faith in my motives, which I believed were clear. I also don't think for a minute that Wiglaf's or Scimitar's reasons can be questioned on that basis. I opposed you for that self appointed campaigning, but now, I should also add rude manners and not assuming good faith to that. I leave an open door for the future, and may well support you should this nomination fail; I even offer you sincerely my friendship, in case you want to accept it. But right now, I can't betray the dictates of my conscience.  Shauri  [[Image:Heart.gif|11px]]  smile!  11:45, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I back Shauri up all the way here. Learn to assume good faith and civility if you ever hope to become an admin. Moreover, your conspiratory work against Shauri's nomination and your groundless assumption about a conspiracy here convinces me that it is right of me to oppose your nomination. Don't judge others by yourself.--Wiglaf 12:23, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. Most of my sysop-related activities would be closing afd debates and reverting vandalism. Especially the latter as I have found my edits increasingly taken up by reverting anonymously added nonsense. I think the role of administrator should act more as a pacifier than a settler of a contentious dispute.

 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. John Adams' First State of the Union Address and List of Christian terms in Arabic were some of the better ones. Robert Davis of New Orleans will probably see a lot of action, and Terrorism in Pakistan has had an unusually high edit response. ''See also: the slightly outdated Pages I started

 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future?
 * A. The Slavic Macedonian Culture page has generated a large amount of pov pushing, and endless moving (though this seems to have toned down to legitimate disambiguation). Most of this seems to stem not from a dispute over this page in particular, but a larger argument over the use of Macedonia verus Republic of Macedonia. Qiyamah - which I rewrote and expanded upon, triggered a series of reverts between myself and one other user, Universaliss, who is no longer active. Univ. insisted on deleting huge amounts of information, and spent his last few edits blanking the page except for comments like "F*** Islam."

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page. No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
George Burroughs

George Burroughs (c. 1650 – August 19, 1692) was a non-ordained Puritan preacher who was the only minister executed for witchcraft during the course of the Salem witch trials. He is remembered especially for reciting the Lord's Prayer during his execution, something it was believed a witch could never do.

Early life
George Burroughs may have been born in Suffolk, England, although some sources claim he was born in Scituate sometime in 1650. Another source gives his birth date and place as Virginia, 1652. He was raised by his mother in the town of Roxbury, Massachusetts. As an American Congregational pastor, he graduated from Harvard College in 1670 with distinguished honors, where he was also considered an outstanding athlete. He became the minister of Salem Village (now Danvers) in 1680 (where he would eventually be convicted of witchcraft and hanged). Burroughs became disillusioned with the community when they failed to pay his wages, and when his wife died suddenly in 1681, he resorted to borrowing money from community member John Putnam to pay for her funeral. He was unable to repay the debt, and resigned from his post, leaving Salem in 1683.

Burroughs moved to Falmouth (now Portland, Maine), in which he lived until it was destroyed by the Wabanaki Confederacy in 1690. He then moved to Wells, Maine, believing it would be safer from Indian attacks.

Burroughs was described in a reading by Frances Hill: "George Burroughs was confident, strong-willed, and decisive, a man of action as well as a preacher, unusually athletic and clever enough to do well in Harvard. Short of stature, muscular, dark-complexioned, he was highly attractive to women, as is shown by his winning the hand of a rich widow as his second wife when he was a mere village minister."

Accusation and trial for witchcraft
Letters dated to 1691 from the Littlefields, founder of Wells, Maine, and in-laws to Peter Cloyce, and Rev. George Burroughs, signed by Peter's brothers John and Nathaniel, were sent to the Governor and Council to improve the conditions of Wells, Maine. Peter's second wife, Sarah Cloyce, sister of Rebecca Nurse and Mary Easty (or Eastey), relocated to Salem End, now West Framingham.

Burroughs was arrested on charges of witchcraft on May 4, 1692, based on the accusation of some personal enemies from his former congregation who had sued him for debt. At his trial, which took place in May, he was found guilty based on evidence that included his extraordinary feats of strength, such as lifting a musket by inserting his finger into the barrel (such feats of strength being presumed impossible without diabolical assistance ). His failure to baptise his children or to attend communion was also used as evidence of his guilt. He was also suspected of killing his wives by witchcraft, and although clearly witchcraft was not involved, there is some historical evidence that he had treated them poorly.

Suspicion of Being a Secret Baptist
Burroughs was suspected of being a crypto-Baptist for having failed to baptize his younger children, and this may be one of the roots of the hostility of Cotton Mather and others from the Congregational Church towards him. During his cross-examination, he admitted that only his eldest child was baptized and on multiple occasions, had failed to take the sacrament at Sabbath services. Baptists do not believe that one must take the sacrament (or "ordance") to be saved.

Execution and aftermath
George Burroughs was hanged at Proctor's Ledge in present-day Salem on August 19, 1692. He was the only minister to have experienced this fate in American history. Although the jury had found no witches' marks on his body, he was nonetheless convicted of witchcraft and a conspiracy with the devil.

While standing on a ladder before the crowd, waiting to be hanged, he successfully recited the Lord's Prayer, something that was generally considered by the Court of Oyer and Terminer to be impossible for a witch to do. After he was killed, Cotton Mather, a minister from Boston, reminded the crowd from atop his horse that Burroughs had been convicted in a court of law, and spoke convincingly enough that four more were executed after Burroughs.

Below is the original account as first compiled and published in 1700 by Robert Calef in More Wonders of The Invisible World, and later reprinted or relied upon by others including Charles Wentworth Upham and George Lincoln Burr:

"Mr. Burroughs was carried in a cart with others, through the streets of Salem, to execution. When he was upon the ladder, he made a speech for the clearing of his innocency, with such solemn and serious expressions as were to the admiration of all present; his prayer (which he concluded by repeating the Lord's Prayer) was so well worded, and uttered with such composedness as such fervency of spirit, as was very Affecting, and drew tears from many, so that it seemed to some that the spectators would hinder the execution. The accusers said the black man [Devil] stood and dictated to him. As soon as he was turned off [hanged], Mr. Cotton Mather, being mounted upon a horse, addressed himself to the people, partly to declare that he [Mr. Burroughs] was no ordained Minister, partly to possess the people of his guilt, saying that the devil often had been transformed into the Angel of Light. And this did somewhat appease the people, and the executions went on; when he [Mr. Burroughs] was cut down, he was dragged by a Halter to a hole, or grave, between the rocks, about two feet deep; his shirt and breeches being pulled off, and an old pair of trousers of one executed put on his lower parts: he was so put in, together with Willard and Carrier, that one of his hands, and his chin, and a foot of one of them, was left uncovered."

- Robert Calef

Later, the government of the Massachusetts colony recognized Burroughs' innocence and awarded 50 pounds damages to his widow and children, though this led to disputes over the division of the award among his heirs. The gun said to have been used at his trial was for a time located at Fryeburg Academy in Fryeburg, Maine, having been taken there in 1808 for display in the Academy museum, but is believed to have since been destroyed in the Academy fire of 1850.

title: George Burroughs


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Ron Allen (playwright)

Ronald Allen (September 13, 1947 – August 10, 2010) was an African-American poet and playwright who described his work as a "concert of language." The Detroit native employed intuitive configurations of language (i.e., image, trope, and metaphor) to invent new meaning and structures for the exploration and expression of language arts, including poetry and theater.

Like fellow Detroit playwright Ron Milner, Allen's ear for the use of Afro-American language, particularly in Detroit, was keen. Known for his experiments with poetic verse, character, theme and structure, Allen created centers of language experiences and rhythm through his writing.

Artistic philosophy
In a 2009 interview, Ron Allen described his artistic philosophy:

 * “My work is an exploration and expression of the abstract and physical nature of reality. Language or written text is the force that poetically drives the plot, character, and direction of my work.   I use metaphor and trope to create landscapes of defamilarized environments and conditions that affect human consciousness.

 * “I attempt to walk the radical edge of meaning and theatricality in an assault on conditioned response in behavior and thinking in our culture. I am a critic of the norms that restrict innovation and restrict the search for freedom of ideas as a human imperative.

 * “My characters are social paradigms and objectified patterns of historical class and power. The point is the search for truth as undefined as that may be, but truth as realization on the scale of impersonal triumph and the struggle of more questions.

 * “The issue of race which I define as the ongoing muck of American culture is the center of much of my work. I strive to explore what it means to be black in an upside-down world – a world that makes the struggle for identity and power a radical act.”

Career
He began his theatrical career in Detroit in 1997, when he formed his acting company “Thick Knot Rhythm Ensemble”. This company became the medium for the production of 13 plays he wrote and produced, including Last Church of the Twentieth Century, Aborigional Treatment Center , Twenty Plays in Twenty Minutes, Dreaming the Reality Room Yellow, WHAM!, The Tibetan Book of the Dead, Relative Energy Sack Theory Museum, and The Heidelberg Project: Squatting in the Circle of the Elder Mind, a play loosely based on the life of Tyree Guyton and the struggle to create his Heidelberg Project.

After his move to Los Angeles, California in 2007, Allen wrote three more plays: Swallow the Sun, My Eyes Are the Cage in My Head (produced in 2008 by the Los Angeles Poverty Department Theater Company), and The Hieroglyph of the Cockatoo. His play Eye Mouth Graffiti Body Shop, originally performed at The Metropolitan Center for Creative Arts in Detroit in 2001, was produced in 2007 by the Theatre of N.O.T.E. He also performed with his Los Angeles-based jazz and poetry band Code Zero.

Allen published four books of critically acclaimed poetry, including I Want My Body Back and Neon Jawbone Riot. He released a book of poetry in 2008 titled The Inkblot Theory. He was founder and director of Weightless Language Press. He taught poetry and theater for 13 years in the drug recovery community in Detroit. He also taught poetry and meditation in an assisted-living facility in Inglewood, California.

Ron Allen died August 10, 2010, in Los Angeles.

title: Ron Allen (playwright)


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Jesse James Home Museum

The Jesse James Home Museum is the house in St. Joseph, Missouri where outlaw Jesse James was living and was gunned down on April 3, 1882, by Robert Ford. It is a one-story, Greek Revival style frame dwelling measuring 24 feet, 2 inches, wide and 30 feet, 4 inches, deep.

At the time, the house was located at 1318 Lafayette Street in St. Joseph. In 1939, it was moved to a busier Belt Highway location. In 1977, it was moved to a location directly behind Patee House at 12th and Mitchell in St. Joseph, only two blocks away from its original location, which restored more of its historic context.

The investigation into the shooting death of James was conducted at Patee House Hotel (formerly the World's Hotel). Mrs. James, her two children, and Jesse's mother stayed in Patee House for two nights after Jesse James was killed.

The house has a large bullet hole on the north interior wall. The hole was actually much smaller but over the years, souvenir hunters carved shavings from the hole and enlarged it.

The Jesse James Home contains a number of items owned by Jesse James and his family. In 1995, top forensic scientist Professor James E. Starrs, of George Washington University, conducted an exhumation of the grave of Jesse James to settle persistent controversy about the remains. In February 1996, he announced that DNA tests performed on the remains and compared to the DNA of existing known relatives proved a 99.7% reliability that the body in the grave was that of Jesse James. The museum includes new exhibits based on the 1995 exhumation, including artifacts such as coffin handles, bits of wood, and a pin Jesse James wore in his death photo, as well as numerous photos taken during the exhumation.

The home was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 4, 1980. It is a contributing resource to the Patee Town Historic District.

title: Jesse James Home Museum


text:
Who Are You (The Who song)

"Who Are You" is the title track on the Who's 1978 album, Who Are You, the last album released by the group before Keith Moon's death in September 1978. It was written by Pete Townshend and released as a double-A-sided single with the John Entwistle composition "Had Enough", also featured on the album. The song was one of the band's biggest hits in North America, peaking at number 7 in Canada and at number 14 in the United States, and has become one of the band's signature tunes at their live shows. The piano on the track is played by Rod Argent.

Background
The lyrics of "Who Are You" were inspired by an incident Townshend experienced. After going out drinking with Steve Jones and Paul Cook of the Sex Pistols, Townshend was found in a "Soho doorway" by a policeman, who recognized him and said he would let him go if he could safely walk away.

""Who Are You" was written about meeting Steve Jones and Paul Cook of the Sex Pistols after an awful 13-hour encounter with Allen Klein who, in my personal opinion, is the awesome rock leech-godfather. In one sense the song is more about the demands of new friendship than blood-letting challenge. Roger's aggressive reading of my nihilistic lyric redirected its function by the simple act of singing "Who the fuck are you..." when I had written "Who, who, who are you..." Steve and Paul became real 'mates' of mine in the English sense. We socialized a few times. Got drunk (well, I did) and I have to say to their credit, for a couple of figurehead anarchists, they seemed sincerely concerned about my decaying condition at the time."

- Pete Townshend

However, as explained by Townshend in his autobiography Who I Am, the last verse is about an early incident, that happened on the last North American leg of the 1971 tour: the day before the first concert in Charlotte, North Carolina, Townshend took the opportunity to visit the Meher Spiritual Center—a retreat owned by his guru Meher Baba—in nearby Myrtle Beach.

"Who Are You" was released as a double-A side with the John Entwistle song, "Had Enough," but "Who Are You" was the more popular song, reaching the Top 20 in both the United States and UK. The song has since been featured on multiple compilation albums. The single mix contains an alternate acoustic guitar solo to the album mix.

Lyrics
The album version includes a third verse compared to the much shorter single. Additionally, a "lost verse" mix of the song was released on the 1996 reissue of Who Are You, with a completely different second verse: "I used to check my reflection / Jumping with my cheap guitar / I must have lost my direction, 'cause I ended up a superstar / One-nighters in the boardroom / Petrify the human brain / You can learn from my mistakes, but you're posing in the glass again."

The song is unusual in that it contains two instances of the word "fuck"—at 2:16 and 5:40 (at 2:14 and 4:27 in the single edit version)—yet has been played frequently in its entirety on rock radio stations (as compared to an edited form replacing it with "hell"). The expletives, while not clearly enunciated and slightly obscured by Moon's drum fills, are nevertheless quite audible. This led to some controversy when ABC's unedited broadcast of The Who's Live 8 performance retained them. The American single edit changes this to "Who the hell are you?" and can be heard at 1:55. Other versions replaced the phrase with just one of the main choruses, "Tell me, who are you" and "I really want to know."

Reception
Cash Box said that it "has a gentle, jumpy chorus riding atop driving guitar chording by Townshend" and that "Daltrey's lead vocals are gritty and inquiring." Record World said that "The instrumentation is powerful in contrast to the flowing vocal hook."

Video
A promotional video was filmed on 9 May 1978 for The Kids Are Alright documentary; originally, the intent was to have The Who simply mime to the single version's backing track with Roger Daltrey adding live vocals, but the decision was made to also re-record the guitars, backing vocals, drums, and piano. Only John Entwistle's bass and the synthesizer backing remained intact from the original version.

Live performances
This song was first performed live at the Gaumont State Cinema in Kilburn on 15 December 1977, albeit without synthesizers and only a portion of the lyrics. This can be seen in the DVD At Kilburn 1977 + Live at the Coliseum. Despite that being the first performance, this song had its roots in jams in the band's 1976 concerts, most notably at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto on 21 October 1976, drummer Keith Moon's last North American appearance with The Who, where the band played a very early version of the song with Townshend on vocals.

The first live performance with synthesizers (using a backing tape of the same synthesizer track found on the studio version of the song) was at the Rainbow Theatre in London on 2 May 1979, which was also Kenney Jones's first live show with the band. Since that time it has remained a staple of their live shows. The Who opened their segment of The Concert for New York City on 20 October 2001 with the song and performed a medley featuring the song in Super Bowl XLIV. They also used the song to begin their set at 12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief on 12 December 2012. In later performances, Roger Daltrey also plays acoustic rhythm guitar.

The Who

 * Roger Daltrey – lead vocals
 * Pete Townshend – electric guitar, acoustic guitar, synthesizer and backing vocals
 * John Entwistle – bass and backing vocals
 * Keith Moon – drums and handclaps

Additional personnel

 * Rod Argent – piano
 * Andy Fairweather Low – backing vocals

In popular culture

 * "Who Are You" was used as background music in a scene from the Nicolas Roeg movie Bad Timing.
 * "Who Are You" is the theme to the TV show CSI: Crime Scene Investigation.
 * Furthermore, Episode 6 of Season 1 even took its title from the song.
 * In the series 150th episode, Roger Daltrey himself guest-starred (in the season 7 episode "Living Legend").
 * A modified version was used in the opening of the television series Two and a Half Men, in the episode "Fish in a Drawer", which had several references to CSI: Crime Scene Investigation.
 * The song is used again as the theme song for the CSI: Crime Scene Investigation follow up series CSI: Vegas.
 * Video game Rock Band features the song as part of a 12-pack of downloadable tracks from The Who.
 * The Blanks/Worthless Peons in TV show Scrubs perform part of the song in the episode "My Identity Crisis".
 * An abbreviated version of the song was performed during the halftime show of Super Bowl XLIV.
 * Louis C.K. sings along to the song in the "Country Drive" episode of Louie.
 * "Who Are You" is heard during the 7th season of ESPN's Gruden's QB Camp.
 * "Who Are You" is used as the theme song to most international versions of the mystery singing competition series The Masked Singer including the American version.

title: Who Are You (The Who song)


text:
File:Red river ski area 2000.jpg

Summary
Subject: Red River, New Mexico Photographer: Debbie Moore, who agrees to license under the GFDL Date: December, 2000 Location: Red River Ski Area

title: File:Red river ski area 2000.jpg


text:
User:Verdana

blah

title: User:Verdana


text: Talk:Tim Kaine

title: Talk:Tim Kaine


text: User talk:69.236.36.179

title: User talk:69.236.36.179


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National Communications Centre

The National Communications Centre (NCC) is a South African intelligence agency, and is responsible for bulk electronic surveillance and eavesdropping (otherwise known as SIGINT) of foreign communications. In this respect it serves a role similar to that of the United Kingdom's Government Communications Headquarters or United States National Security Agency.

title: National Communications Centre


text:
Pearson, Victoria

Pearson was a town in Victoria, Australia, located $1 1/2$ miles southwest of Walhalla. It was in the local government area of the Shire of Baw Baw. It was also known as The Happy, and Happy Go Lucky.

The town's history began with the discovery of a quartz reef outcrop or 'blow' by prospector William McGregor in 1863. McGregor was cutting an access track into the mining town of Walhalla when he came across this feature. He examined the rock but failed to find any gold in it. He later showed this to a workmate William Cummin, whose sharper eyes noted that this was not the case. Cummin kept this discovery to himself and soon after he left McGregor's prospecting party and went to Seaton to register a prospecting claim on the site. He later gave McGregor a 1/8 share in this claim as a token gesture of the find.

The town's mines yielded rich gold which was easily extracted at first. The very first crushing of the Happy Go Lucky Quart Gold mine yielded an incredible 700 oz from 150 tons of rock. By May 1868 some 14,862 ozs had been obtained by the town's mines. Prominent mines included the GreyHorse, Lillydale, Union Jack, Evening Star, Wulfsode, Esmeralda and Castle Rose.

By 1864 a booming village had developed including 3 hotels, bakers, butchers, and restaurants. In addition to the area's mining activity, the town had become an important stop for the packing trade which was bringing mining equipment and other goods into nearby Walhalla. The town was surveyed in 1865 and named Pearson after William Pearson, a prominent local pastoralist, mining investor, politician and horseracing identity. Locals inexplicably resisted this name change and continued to call it Happy go Lucky or 'The Happy.'

At its peak it had a population of around 300 including a small community of Chinese prospectors. Happy-Go-Lucky Post Office opened on 12 June 1865. Its first postmaster was Edward Alexander who operated from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m each day.

By the 1870s mining activity had slowed, and Pearson became a satellite town of Walhalla. The Union Hotel and the general store remained until 1912. The Post Office closed in 1916. The advent and completion of the Moe Walhalla rail line also sounded the final death knell for the town as the packing trade through it dwindled. Only ruins exist today.

title: Pearson, Victoria


text:
Ngadha language

Ngadha (, also spelled Ngada, Ngada or Ngada ) is an Austronesian language, one of six languages spoken in the central stretch of the Indonesian island of Flores. From west to east these languages are Ngadha, Nage, Keo, Ende, Lio, and Palu'e. These languages form the proposed Central Flores group of the Sumba–Flores languages, according to Blust (2009).

Djawanai (1983) precises that Ngadha somewhat deviates from Austronesian norms, in that words do not have clear cognates and the grammatical processes are different; for example, the Austronesian family of languages makes an abundant use of prefixes or suffixes (which form new words by adding extensions either before or after root-words, such as [per-]form or child[-hood]), whereas the Ngadha language uses no prefixes or suffixes.

Ngadha is one of the few languages with a retroflex implosive.

Phonology
The sound system of Ngadha is as follows.

Vowels
The short vowel is written $⟨e⟩$ followed by a double consonant, since phonetically a consonant becomes geminate after. It is never stressed and does not form sequences with other vowels except where glottal stop has dropped (e.g. limaessa 'six', from lima 'five' and 'essa 'one').

Within vowel sequences, epenthetic may appear after an unrounded vowel (e.g. in, ) and  after a rounded vowel (e.g. in , ). Double vowels are sequences. Vowels tend to be voiceless between voiceless consonants and pre-pausa after voiceless consonants.

Stress is on the penultimate syllable, unless that contains the vowel, in which case stress is on the final syllable.

Consonants
The implosives have been spelled $\langleb d\rangle$, $\langleb d\rangle$ and $\langlebh dh\rangle$. The velar fricatives are spelled $\langleh, gh\rangle$.

The trill is short, and may have only one or two contacts.

Glottal stop contrasts with zero in initial position, as in inu 'drink', or 'inu 'tiny'. In rapid speech it tends to drop intervocalically.

Phonetically words are analyzed as having an initial schwa. In initial position the consonant is always voiced (otherwise the schwa remains). Examples are emma 'father', emmu  'mosquito', enna  'sand', Ennga  (name), ebba  'swadling sling', ebbu  'grandparents', Ebbo  (name), erro  'sun' – also in medial position with voiceless consonants, as in limaessa  'six'.

title: Ngadha language


text: User talk:68.9.193.137

title: User talk:68.9.193.137


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Doodles Six

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 07:36, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Doodles Six
The article is a copy of the creator's User page, and appears to be a blog entry or summary of an adventure game session. Non-encyclopedic. Corvus 01:25, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom. Qaz  ( talk ) 03:26, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom --Rogerd 05:29, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete to make it a consensus, as per nom. --CastAStone 05:34, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - useless CLW 22:20, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete patent nonsense Fsdfs 23:52, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I have no idea what this is, but it certainly does not belong in the Wikipedia. ♠DanMS 19:47, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Energy (signal processing)

In signal processing, the energy $$E_s$$ of a continuous-time signal x(t) is defined as the area under the squared magnitude of the considered signal i.e., mathematically

 * $$E_{s} \ \ = \ \ \langle x(t), x(t)\rangle \ \ =  \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}{|x(t)|^2}dt$$
 * Unit of $$E_s$$will be (unit of signal)2.

And the energy $$E_s$$ of a discrete-time signal x(n) is defined mathematically as

 * $$E_{s} \ \ = \ \ \langle x(n), x(n)\rangle \ \ =  \sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}{|x(n)|^2}$$

Relationship to energy in physics
Energy in this context is not, strictly speaking, the same as the conventional notion of energy in physics and the other sciences. The two concepts are, however, closely related, and it is possible to convert from one to the other:
 * $$E = {E_s \over Z} = { 1 \over Z } \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}{|x(t)|^2}dt $$
 * where Z represents the magnitude, in appropriate units of measure, of the load driven by the signal.

For example, if x(t) represents the potential (in volts) of an electrical signal propagating across a transmission line, then Z would represent the characteristic impedance (in ohms) of the transmission line. The units of measure for the signal energy $$E_s$$ would appear as volt2·seconds, which is not dimensionally correct for energy in the sense of the physical sciences. After dividing $$E_s$$ by Z, however, the dimensions of E would become volt2·seconds per ohm,

$$\frac{\rm{V}^2}{\rm{\Omega}} \rm{s} = \rm{W} \rm{s} = \rm{J}$$

which is equivalent to joules, the SI unit for energy as defined in the physical sciences.

Spectral energy density
Similarly, the spectral energy density of signal x(t) is

 * $$\ E_s(f) = |X(f)|^2 $$

where X(f) is the Fourier transform of x(t).

For example, if x(t) represents the magnitude of the electric field component (in volts per meter) of an optical signal propagating through free space, then the dimensions of X(f) would become volt·seconds per meter and $$E_s(f)$$ would represent the signal's spectral energy density (in volts2·second2 per meter2) as a function of frequency f (in hertz). Again, these units of measure are not dimensionally correct in the true sense of energy density as defined in physics. Dividing $$E_s(f)$$ by Zo, the characteristic impedance of free space (in ohms), the dimensions become joule-seconds per meter2 or, equivalently, joules per meter2 per hertz, which is dimensionally correct in SI units for spectral energy density.

Parseval's theorem
As a consequence of Parseval's theorem, one can prove that the signal energy is always equal to the summation across all frequency components of the signal's spectral energy density.

title: Energy (signal processing)


text:
User talk:Hiklo

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. , SqueakBox 01:15, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hiklo


text:
T37

T37 may refer to:

Vehicles

 * T-37A tank, a Soviet amphibious light tank
 * T37 light tank, a prototype American tank developed into the M41 Walker Bulldog
 * Bugatti Type 37, a French sports car
 * Cessna T-37 Tweet, a Cessna trainer aircraft
 * Prussian T 37, a 1904 German steam locomotive
 * Slingsby T.37 Skylark 1, a British glider

Other uses

 * T37 (classification), a disability sport classification
 * T-37 (rocket), an American demolition rocket
 * T.37, an ITU-T recommendation
 * Goldthwaite Municipal Airport, in Goldthwaite, Texas; FAA location identifier

title: T37


text:
User talk:Ww2

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 01:16, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Olá
Estou sempre disposto a conversar, se você quiser trocar emails ou conversar no msn eu estou em paulohgf at hotmail dot com Quanto as Ciências Sociais, escolhi o curso porque queria algo de humanas com uma nota de corte acessível. Eu diria que para mim, à primeira vista, os cursos de filosofia, ciências sociais, psicologia, etc, têm algo em comum. Eu diria também que a USP é longe de ser aquilo que todos idealizam, e é realmente necessário gostar de estudar, algo que pessoalmente não me agrada muito. Com isso em mente, acho que Ciências Sociais pode acrescentar perspectivas interessantíssimas, assim como te afogar em um monte de besteira. O maior problema que eu encontro, tanto em CS quanto nos outros cursos que mencionei, é o ausente valor de mercado do diploma nessas áreas. No entanto, não acho uma má escolha, e o mercado ultimamente é severo com qualquer novo profissional. Vamos discutir pontos mais específicos se você tiver alguma dúvida. Até. PHF 02:04, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

Non-free rationale for File:Ss274.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:Ss274.jpg. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under non-free content criteria, but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia is acceptable. Please go to the file description page, and edit it to include a non-free rationale.

If you have uploaded other non-free media, consider checking that you have specified the non-free rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem. If you have any questions, please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 09:53, 24 May 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ww2


text:
Talk:Steve Erickson

Weasel tag removed
I have removed the weasel tag because, having read the Recurring Motifs section, I have found it quite accurate and reliable. I mean it offers a fair description of what Erickson's novels are like, and it also offers a key to read and understand them. When it comes to a living author who is not very famous like Erickson, it is quite difficult to add footnotes to an article because the secondary bibliography does not exist. I know one should quote essays and articles and monographs written by authoritative critics telling us that Erickson is this and that, but such essays and articles and monographs do not exist yet. I do not doubt that sooner or later Erickson will be discovered by critics--especially academic critics, but this will take time; in the meantime we have to rely on the judgement of those Wikipedia readers and contributors who have read Erickson's fiction, and be a bit less nitpicking. Then, if someone else who's read Erickson's novels will find that something in the Recurring Motifs section is not accurate or is false, he will edit the text where it is needed, instead of calling in doubt the whole section, which is in my opinion unfair and misleading.--93.40.113.153 (talk) 08:11, 20 November 2009 (UTC)

Questionable
Just asking if "if he lives anywhere" at the end of bio section is referenced/based on anything besides atmospheric writing? Thanks, Manytexts (talk) 23:25, 15 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Steve Erickson