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Talk:Ella Minnow Pea

Untitled
breach of NPOV on the "as with so much Americana"?--JECompton 05:22, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Hi, I'm Webs. I'll be working on this article, as I have just finished reading the novel. I'm changing this article according to the Novels Wikiproject template. The changes might take a while, and anyone with information about this novel, I could use some help with the characters. Thanks!

- As for the NPOV, I don't know what you're talking about.

Webmaster961 21:27, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

Joined wikipedia because of this. Finally there's an article I know about which doesn't have mountains of information on it already =)--Eshmasesh 20:52, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

Hello. May I ask--three of my students, who are quite bright and interested in helping to develop the page on Ella Minnow Pea indicated that they were no longer able to gain access to the Ella Minnow Pea page. Any ideas why?

Here is what my student wrote:

"Everytime I try to log into Wikipedia from the Ella Minnow Pea page it says that my username is not available. Also if I simply just click on edit it says that "Your user name or IP address has been blocked from editing." If i go to the normal cite ( wikipedia.org ) I am able to log in, but I can't find the Ella Minnow Pea page to edit it. We have had our system administrator look over the cite to see if our school has any blocks that are prohibiting us from getting onto the cite, but he can't find any."

--Mrogge 04:48, 20 April 2006 (UTC)
 * It's going to be pretty bad if the page for a novel about totalitarian censorship of language started blocking additional contributors. - 60.36.46.80 07:13, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Deconstruction?
The section on deconstruction seems a like WP:OR... can anyone find citations? 128.158.145.51 14:59, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

Looks like WP:OR (and not very good OR, either...) to me, too. Since it was there for at least 5 years without a reference, I pulled it. Some of the work on the characters/themes seems like OR also (presumably from the class mentioned here on the talk page), but I'm leaving it for now since it's not entirely out of line with descriptions of other literary texts on WP. I haven't actually read the book, so I can't say whether or not they're making original claims or the themes described are obvious to a general readership. Strundle (talk) 13:44, 21 April 2012 (UTC)

This is a sad page
First, you need to state notability Second, none of the characters are explored in depth. This page just says "The characters did...bla... and then they... bla..." It should have more "The characters have (this kind of personality). This is described when (they did this)" —Preceding unsigned comment added by Heero Kirashami (talk • contribs) 02:57, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Even more so, the plot summary is just...well, a description of the pages of the book. It should mention a lot more about the actual PLOT --Heero Kirashami (talk) 04:37, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

More Plot!!
As Heero said, THE PAGE NEEDS MORE PLOT!

It isn't that hard. It's basically just "this happened, then that happened", and so on. I'll be contributing in time too, no worries.

Nick of nickness in Colorado

PS: Is the deconstruction part really necessary? I know we've been talking about it in class, but not many people will want to read it. They just want the hard, cold facts: what happened, who did what, when, and why (and how).

Ella Character Description
Many of the character descriptions need work (as was previously stated). Specifically though, is this sentence really necessary: "Her name is a play on words as it sounds like the pronunciation of the letters "LMNOP", fitting with the content of the novel." It interrupts the flow of the paragraph and is nuance of the book's title that, in my opinion, does not need explicit reference. Any thoughts?

--Majortriad (talk) 18:55, 2 May 2010 (UTC)

Citing Sources
Hello, I noticed that this article is asking for verification through sources. I have done some research and found some sources that work well with this article, but every time I try to edit and add the sources only references are allowed to be put in. Can someone tell me why I cannot add inline citations for sources and only references? Kdeorne1 (talk) 01:48, 23 March 2012 (UTC) I just realized my mistake in confusing the fact that the references are the inline citations.Kdeorne1 (talk) 02:01, 23 March 2012 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 14:22, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

C class
What needs to be done here to bring this article back up to a B :: Kevinalewis  : (Talk Page) /(Desk)  14:27, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Setting of Ella Minnow Pea
Does anyone know when the book takes place? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.36.13.32 (talk) 15:09, 31 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ella Minnow Pea


text:
Dipper (disambiguation)

A dipper is a passerine bird in the genus Cinclus

Dipper may also refer to:

Dipping objects

 * Dipper (spoon), a utensil for dipping liquids
 * Honey dipper, a wooden utensil with deep grooves for drizzling honey on breadstuff
 * Part of a steam shovel, power shovel or backhoe which carries the bucket
 * Dipper (container), a container for oil for painting
 * Grid dip oscillator or dipper, a resonance frequency measuring instrument
 * Dipper well, a perpetual-flow sink often used in coffeehouses and ice cream shops

Military, aviation

 * HMS Dipper, former name of the airfield RNAS Henstridge, Somerset, England
 * USS Dipper (AM-357), an American World War II minesweeper
 * Collins Dipper, American flying boat  by Collins Aero

People

 * Robert DiPierdomenico (born 1958), Australian rules footballer and media personality nicknamed Dipper
 * Alf Dipper (1885–1945), English cricketer

Other uses

 * Dippers (book), a 1997 children's book by Barbara Nichol and Barry Moser
 * Dipper (Chinese constellation)
 * An old colloquial term for the New Democratic Party, a Canadian political party
 * Dipper Pines, a character on the Disney Channel animated series Gravity Falls
 * Dipper (brand), an Indian condom brand

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Dipper (disambiguation)


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Profundal zone

The profundal zone is the deep zone of a lake, located below the range of effective light penetration. This is typically below the thermocline, the vertical zone in the water through which temperature drops rapidly. The temperature difference may be large enough to hamper mixing with the littoral zone in some seasons which causes a decrease in oxygen concentrations. The profundal is often defined, as the deepest, vegetation-free, and muddy zone of the lacustrine benthal. The profundal zone is often part of the aphotic zone. Sediment in the profundal zone primarily comprises silt and mud.

Organisms
The lack of light and oxygen in the profundal zone determines the type of biological community that can live in this region, which is distinctly different from the community in the overlying waters. The profundal macrofauna is therefore characterized by physiological and behavioural adaptations to low oxygen concentration. While benthic fauna differs between lakes, Chironomidae and Oligochaetae often dominate the benthic fauna of the profundal zone because they possess hemoglobin-like molecules to extract oxygen from poorly oxygenated water. Due to the low productivity of the profundal zone, organisms rely on detritus sinking from the photic zone. Species richness in the profundal zone is often similar to that in the limnetic zone. Microbial levels in the profundal benthos are higher than those in the littoral benthos, potentially due to a smaller average sediment particle size. Benthic macroinvertebrates are believed to be regulated by top-down pressure.

Nutrient cycling
Nutrient fluxes in the profundal zone are primarily driven by release from the benthos. The anoxic nature of the profundal zone drives ammonia release from benthic sediment. This can drive phytoplankton production, to the point of a phytoplankton bloom, and create toxic conditions for many organisms, particularly at a high pH. Hypolimnetic anoxia can also contribute to buildups of iron, manganese, and sulfide in the profundal zone.

title: Profundal zone


text: Template:Hokkaido-geo-stub

title: Template:Hokkaido-geo-stub


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Charles Augustus FitzRoy

Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Charles Augustus FitzRoy, (10 June 1796 – 16 February 1858) was a British Army officer, politician and colonial administrator who held governorships in several British colonies during the 19th century.

Family and peerage
Charles was born in Derbyshire England, the eldest son of General Lord Charles FitzRoy and Frances Mundy. His grandfather, Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, was the Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1768 to 1770. He was notably a sixth-generation descendant of King Charles II and the 1st Duchess of Cleveland; the surname FitzRoy stems from this illegitimacy.

Charles' half brother Robert FitzRoy would become a pioneering meteorologist and surveyor, Captain of HMS Beagle, and later Governor of New Zealand.

Early life
Charles FitzRoy was educated at Harrow School in London, before receiving a commission in the Royal Horse Guards regiment of the British Army at the age of 16. Just after his 19th birthday, FitzRoy's regiment took part in the Battle of Waterloo, where as an extra aide-de-camp on Wellington's staff he was wounded. He travelled to Lower Canada with the Duke of Richmond in 1818. On 11 March 1820, he married Lady Mary Lennox (daughter of the Duke of Richmond), just after his promotion to captain. In 1825, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel and appointed Deputy Adjutant General of the Cape Colony (now the Cape of Good Hope).

Governor of Prince Edward Island and the Leeward Islands
Sir Charles was appointed as the eleventh Governor of Prince Edward Island off the coast of Canada on 31 March 1837, and was granted a knighthood just before his departure. He returned to England in 1841 and shortly afterwards was made Governor of the Leeward Islands in the West Indies until 1845.

Governor of New South Wales
Sir Charles was chosen as the tenth Governor of the colony of New South Wales by Lord Stanley in 1845. FitzRoy replaced Sir George Gipps as governor who had been a strong ruler but had provoked the animosity of many in the colony. It is likely that FitzRoy was chosen because he tended to be more appeasing in his approach. FitzRoy, his wife and his son George arrived in the colony on board HMS Carysfort (1836) on 2 August 1846. Soon after his arrival he was asked to use his influence to procure the disallowance of an act of the Tasmanian legislature imposing a duty of 15% on products imported from New South Wales.

Fitzroy brought before the British government the advisability of some superior functionary being appointed, to whom all measures passed by local legislatures should be referred before being assented to. In the long discussion over the separation of the Port Phillip district, Fitzroy showed tact and himself favoured bi-cameral legislatures for the new constitutions. The need for some type of federation between the various colonies was recognised, and as a step towards this Fitzroy was given a commission in 1850 appointing him governor-general of the Australian colonies. During his governorship great steps were made in the development of New South Wales. Transportation of convicts ceased, the Sydney University was founded, a branch of the royal mint was established and responsible government was granted. In 1847, Fitzroy served briefly as Governor of the Colony of North Australia, although his lieutenant-governor, George Barney had the main responsibility for establishing the new colony under FitzRoy's direction. His decision in 1847 to allow the building of a horse racing track in Parramatta was the catalyst for the creation of Cumberland Oval, a venue which hosted racing, cricket, and in the 20th century, motorsports & was the location that Parramatta Stadium and further on the Western Sydney Stadium were built upon.

After sixteen months in the colony, Sir Charles' wife Mary was killed in a coach accident on 7 December 1847. A distraught FitzRoy considered resigning and returning to England, but his finances did not permit it. A memorial to Lady Mary Fitzroy is in St James' Church, Sydney.

In 1850, Governor FitzRoy received the gold miner and entrepreneur, Edward Hargraves after he had discovered traces of gold at Ophir, New South Wales.

In 1851 he named Grafton, New South Wales, after his grandfather Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton.

Sir Charles remained in New South Wales for eight eventful years, which saw many changes take place in the Australian colonies, not in the least being the first tentative steps towards Federation of the Australian states. In 1853, FitzRoy was appointed as Governor of Van Diemen's Land, South Australia and Victoria – a pre-Federation Governor-General of Australia, with wide-ranging powers to intervene in inter-colonial disputes.

Later years and death
On 28 January 1855 he departed Australia and returned to England. On 11 September, his eldest son Augustus (a Captain in the Royal Regiment of Artillery) was killed in the Crimean War. On 11 December, he married Margaret Gordon (widow of a Melbourne land agent).

FitzRoy died in Piccadilly, London on 16 February 1858 at the age of 61.

Family
Sir Charles Augustus FitzRoy married, firstly, Lady Mary Lennox (15 August 1790 – 7 December 1847), first-born child of Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond, on 11 March 1820. They had 4 children:

 * Captain Augustus Charles Lennox FitzRoy (20 September 1821 – 11 September 1855)
 * Mary Caroline FitzRoy (20 December 1823 – 22 November 1895) married Admiral Hon. Keith Stewart, son of The Earl of Galloway
 * Louisa Wilhelmina Stewart (1847-1938), married Kyrle Alfred Chapman, son of David Barclay Chapman and Maria Chatfield, did not have issue
 * Caroline Ethel Gertrude Stewart (1851-1947), married Canon Mark James, son of Colonel Philip James and Susan Ryder, daughter of the Hon. Granville Ryder, and had issue
 * Edith Stewart (died 1875), married Colonel Edward St. Aubyn, son of Sir Edward St. Aubyn, 1st Baronet and Emma Knollys, and had issue
 * Blanche Caroline Stewart (died 1927), married Admiral Sir William Shaw-Stewart, son of Admiral Sir Houston Shaw-Stewart and Martha Miller, and had issue
 * Ellinor Sydney Stewart (died 1901), married Spencer Chapman, son of David Chapman and Maria Chatfield, and had issue
 * Hilda Eugenia Stewart (died 1959), married Arthur Rhuven Guest, son of Arthur Edward Guest and Adeline Mary Chapman, and had issue
 * George Henry FitzRoy (13 September 1826 – 8 July 1868)
 * Commander Arthur George FitzRoy (20 March 1827 – 9 January 1861)
 * Commander Arthur George FitzRoy (20 March 1827 – 9 January 1861)

Lady Mary died from a carriage accident in Parramatta Park, outside Government House, in 1847. Within a year of her death, rumours were circulated about the colony of New South Wales about FitzRoy's 'womanising' ways. In 1850, FitzRoy made a visit to Berrima, to inspect the Fitzroy Iron Works. The Governor stayed at the Surveyor General's Inn, operated by former boxing champion Edward "Ned" Chalker (sometimes Charker). Ned's step-daughter, Mary Ann Chalker, who was 18 at the time, worked there. Nine months later, she gave birth to a son, named Charles Augustus FitzRoy, after his father, the Governor. This boy was later adopted by ex-convict John Fitzsimons and his family.

 * Charles Augustus FitzRoy Fitzsimons (9 November 1850 – 19 July 1921)

Sir Charles Augustus FitzRoy married, secondly (after his return to England), Margaret Gordon, on 11 December 1855. There was no issue from this marriage.

title: Charles Augustus FitzRoy


text:
User:ZenXi6

ZenXi6
This user name is one of a few used by the user. Other names include:

 * Tigeri6
 * ZenX

The name ZenXi6 was used due to the name ZenX already being taken. For this article I will refer to the user as ZenX.

Location
ZenX lives in Selby which is just out of Belgrave in the South-Eastern suburbs of Victoria.

title: User:ZenXi6


text:
Charles Appleton (academic)

Charles Edward Cutts Birchall Appleton (16 March 1841 – 1 February 1879) was an Oxford don and scholarly entrepreneur.

He is best remembered for founding the periodical The Academy in 1869; it was intended a forum for an intellectual and cultural revival in the German style. The purpose was to encourage an elite with "sound information and correct taste in intellectual matters".

title: Charles Appleton (academic)


text:
List of United States representatives from California

This is a list of members of the United States House of Representatives from the state of California.

For chronological tables of members of both houses of the United States Congress from the state, see United States congressional delegations from California.

Current members
As of May 21, 2024, California is represented by the following elected officials, 40 Democrats and 12 Republicans.
 * CA's 1st congressional district: Doug LaMalfa (R), since 2013
 * CA's 2nd congressional district: Jared Huffman (D), since 2013
 * CA's 3rd congressional district: Kevin Kiley (R), since 2023
 * CA's 4th congressional district: Mike Thompson (D), since 1999
 * CA's 5th congressional district: Tom McClintock (R), since 2009
 * CA's 6th congressional district: Ami Bera (D), since 2013
 * CA's 7th congressional district: Doris Matsui (D), since 2005
 * CA's 8th congressional district: John Garamendi (D), since 2009
 * CA's 9th congressional district: Josh Harder (D), since 2019
 * CA's 10th congressional district: Mark DeSaulnier (D), since 2015
 * CA's 11th congressional district: Nancy Pelosi (D), since 1987
 * CA's 12th congressional district: Barbara Lee (D), since 1998
 * CA's 13th congressional district: John Duarte (R), since 2023
 * CA's 14th congressional district: Eric Swalwell (D), since 2013
 * CA's 15th congressional district: Kevin Mullin (D), since 2023
 * CA's 16th congressional district: Anna Eshoo (D), since 1993
 * CA's 17th congressional district: Ro Khanna (D), since 2017
 * CA's 18th congressional district: Zoe Lofgren (D), since 1995
 * CA's 19th congressional district: Jimmy Panetta (D), since 2017
 * CA's 20th congressional district: Vince Fong (R), since 2024
 * CA's 21st congressional district: Jim Costa (D), since 2005
 * CA's 22nd congressional district: David Valadao (R), since 2021
 * CA's 23rd congressional district: Jay Obernolte (R), since 2021
 * CA's 24th congressional district: Salud Carbajal (D), since 2017
 * CA's 25th congressional district: Raul Ruiz (D), since 2013
 * CA's 26th congressional district: Julia Brownley (D), since 2013
 * CA's 27th congressional district: Mike Garcia (R), since 2020
 * CA's 28th congressional district: Judy Chu (D), since 2009
 * CA's 29th congressional district: Tony Cárdenas (D), since 2013
 * CA's 30th congressional district: Adam Schiff (D), since 2001
 * CA's 31st congressional district: Grace Napolitano (D), since 1999
 * CA's 32nd congressional district: Brad Sherman (D), since 1997
 * CA's 33rd congressional district: Pete Aguilar (D), since 2015
 * CA's 34th congressional district: Jimmy Gomez (D), since 2017
 * CA's 35th congressional district: Norma Torres (D), since 2015
 * CA's 36th congressional district: Ted Lieu (D), since 2015
 * CA's 37th congressional district: Sydney Kamlager (D), since 2023
 * CA's 38th congressional district: Linda Sánchez (D), since 2003
 * CA's 39th congressional district: Mark Takano (D), since 2013
 * CA's 40th congressional district: Young Kim (R), since 2021
 * CA's 41st congressional district: Ken Calvert (R), since 1993
 * CA's 42nd congressional district: Robert Garcia (D), since 2023
 * CA's 43rd congressional district: Maxine Waters (D), since 1991
 * CA's 44th congressional district: Nanette Barragán (D), since 2017
 * CA's 45th congressional district: Michelle Steel (R), since 2021
 * CA's 46th congressional district: Lou Correa (D), since 2017
 * CA's 47th congressional district: Katie Porter (D), since 2019
 * CA's 48th congressional district: Darrell Issa (R), since 2021
 * CA's 49th congressional district: Mike Levin (D), since 2019
 * CA's 50th congressional district: Scott Peters (D), since 2013
 * CA's 51st congressional district: Sara Jacobs (D), since 2021
 * CA's 52nd congressional district: Juan Vargas (D), since 2013


text:
Saraswathi Mahal Library

Saraswathi Mahal Library, also called Thanjavur Maharaja Serfoji's Saraswathi Mahal Library is a library located in Thanjavur (Tanjore), Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the oldest libraries in Asia established during 16th century by Nayakar kings of Thanjavur and has on display a rare collection of Palm leaf manuscripts and paper written in Tamil and Sanskrit and a few other indigenous languages of india (especially southern regional languages). The collection comprises well over 49,000 volumes, though only a tiny fraction of these are on display. The library has a complete catalog of holdings, which is being made available online. Some rare holdings can be viewed on site by prior arrangement. Encyclopedia Britannica mentions the library as the "Most remarkable library of India".

History
The Saraswathi Mahal library was started by Nayak Kings of Tanjavur as a Royal Library for the private intellectual enrichment of Kings and their family of Thanjavur (see Nayaks of Tanjore) who ruled from 1535 CE till 1676 CE. The Maratha rulers who captured Thanjavur in 1675 promoted local culture and further developed the Royal Palace Library until 1855. Most notable among the Maratha Kings was Serfoji II (1798–1832), who was an eminent scholar in many branches of learning and the arts. In his early age Sarfoji studied under the influence of the German Reverent Schwartz, and learned many languages including English, French, Italian and Latin. He enthusiastically took special interest in the enrichment of the Library, employing many Pandits to collect, buy and copy a vast number of works from all renowned Centres of Sanskrit learning in Northern India and other far-flung areas.

During 1918 the Saraswathi Mahal Library was open to public. The Library is located within the campus of Tanjavur palace.

Security
The library is open to the public; it also supports efforts to publish rare manuscripts from the collection, as well as ensuring all volumes are preserved on microfilm. The Library has installed computers in 1998 for the Computerisation of Library activities. As a first phase, the Library catalogues are being stored in the Computer for easy information retrieval. It is also proposed to digitalise the manuscripts of this Library shortly.

The Collection
The bulk of the manuscripts (39,300) are in Tamil and Sanskrit. Manuscripts number over 4500, comprising titles in literature and medicine. The Library has a collection of 3076 Marathi manuscripts from the South Indian Maharastrian of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries; this includes the hierarchy of the Saints of Maharashtra belonging to Sri Ramadasi and Dattatreya Mutts. The Marathi manuscripts are mostly on paper but a few were written in Telugu script on palm-leaf. There are 846 Telugu manuscripts in the holdings, mostly on palm leaf. There are 22 Persian and Urdu manuscripts mostly of 19th century also within the collection. The library also holds medical records of Ayurveda scholars, including patient case studies and interviews in the manuscripts classified under the Dhanvantari section.

Apart from these manuscripts there are 1342 bundles of Maratha Raj records available at the Library. The Raj records were written in the Modi script (fast script for Devanagari) of the Marathi language. These records encompass the information of the political, cultural and social administration of the Maratha kings of Thanjavur.

Some of the rare books and manuscripts

 * Dr. Samuel Johnson's dictionary published in 1784
 * The pictorial Bible printed in Amsterdam in the year 1791
 * The Madras Almanac printed in 1807
 * Lavoisier's Traité Élémentaire de Chimie ("Elements of Chemistry")
 * The notes of Bishop Heber on Raja Serfoji II
 * The correspondence letters of William Torin of London who purchased a lot of books for Raja Serfoji II and the Saraswathi Mahal Library
 * Ancient maps of the world
 * Town planning documents of Thanjavur including the underground drainage system, the fresh water supply ducting system

Library museum
Efforts were made to microfilm and catalogue the contents way back in 1965 when Indira Gandhi was Information and Broadcasting Minister, Government of India who sanctioned the fund for the library's development. Since then no efforts were made to scan the documents and computerise the same using present day technology. It is also a designated 'Manuscript Conservation Centre' (MCC) under the National Mission for Manuscripts established in 2003.

title: Saraswathi Mahal Library


text: User talk:136.167.199.41

title: User talk:136.167.199.41


text: User talk:70.156.40.140

title: User talk:70.156.40.140


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Airborne collision avoidance system

An airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS, usually pronounced as ay-kas) operates independently of ground-based equipment and air traffic control in warning pilots of the presence of other aircraft that may present a threat of collision. If the risk of collision is imminent, the system recommends a maneuver that will reduce the risk of collision. ACAS standards and recommended practices are mainly defined in annex 10, volume IV, of the Convention on International Civil Aviation. Much of the technology being applied to both military and general aviation today has been undergoing development by NASA and other partners since the 1980s.

A distinction is increasingly being made between ACAS and ASAS (airborne separation assurance system). ACAS is being used to describe short-range systems intended to prevent actual metal-on-metal collisions. In contrast, ASAS is being used to describe longer-range systems used to maintain standard en route separation between aircraft (5 nmi horizontal and 1000 ft vertical).

Implementations
As of 2022, the only implementations that meets the ACAS II standards set by ICAO are Versions 7.0 and 7.1 of TCAS II (Traffic Collision Avoidance System) produced by Garmin, Rockwell Collins, Honeywell and ACSS (Aviation Communication & Surveillance Systems; an L-3 Communications and Thales Avionics company).

As of 1973, the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) standard for transponder minimal operational performance, Technical Standard Order (TSO) C74c, contained errors which caused compatibility problems with air traffic control radar beacon system (ATCRBS) radar and Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) abilities to detect aircraft transponders. First called "The Terra Problem", there have since been individual FAA Airworthiness Directives issued against various transponder manufacturers in an attempt to repair the operational deficiencies, to enable newer radars and TCAS systems to operate. Unfortunately, the defect is in the TSO, and the individual corrective actions to transponders have led to significant differences in the logical behavior of transponders by make and mark, as proven by an FAA study of in-situ transponders. In 2009, a new version, TSO C74d was defined with tighter technical requirements.

AIS-P (ACAS) is a modification which both corrects the transponder deficiencies (the transponder will respond to all varieties of radar and TCAS), then adds an Automatic Independent Surveillance with Privacy augmentation. The AIS-P protocol does not suffer from the saturation issue in high density traffic, does not interfere with the Air Traffic Control (ATC) radar system or TCAS, and conforms to the internationally approved Mode S data packet standard. It awaits member country submission to the ICAO as a requested approval.

Other collision avoidance systems
Modern aircraft can use several types of collision avoidance systems to prevent unintentional contact with other aircraft, obstacles, or the ground.

Aircraft collision avoidance
Some of the systems are designed to avoid collisions with other aircraft and UAVs. They are referred to as "electronic conspicuity" by the UK CAA.
 * Airborne radar can detect the relative location of other aircraft, and has been in military use since World War II, when it was introduced to help night fighters (such as the de Havilland Mosquito and Messerschmitt Bf 110) locate bombers. While larger civil aircraft carry weather radar, sensitive anti-collision radar is rare in non-military aircraft.
 * Traffic collision avoidance system (TCAS), the implementation of ACAS, actively interrogates the transponders of other aircraft and negotiates collision-avoidance tactics with them in case of a threat. TCAS systems are relatively expensive, and tend to appear only on larger aircraft.  They are effective in avoiding collisions only with other aircraft that are equipped with functioning transponders with altitude reporting.
 * PCAS Xrx.jpg Portable Collision Avoidance System (PCAS) is a less expensive, passive version of TCAS designed for general aviation use. PCAS systems do not actively interrogate the transponders of other aircraft, but listen passively to responses from other interrogations.  PCAS is subject to the same limitations as TCAS, although the cost for PCAS is significantly less.
 * FLARM is a small-size, low-power device (commonly used in gliders or other light aircraft) which broadcasts its own position and speed vector (as obtained with an integrated GPS) over a license-free ISM band radio transmission. At the same time it listens to other devices based on the same standard. Intelligent motion prediction algorithms predict short-term conflicts and warn the pilot accordingly by acoustical and visual means. FLARM incorporates a high-precision WAAS 16-channel GPS receiver and an integrated low-power radio transceiver. Static obstacles are included in FLARM's database. No warning is given if an aircraft does not contain an additional FLARM device.

Terrain collision avoidance

 * a Ground proximity warning system (GPWS), or Ground collision warning system (GCWS), which uses a radar altimeter to detect proximity to the ground or unusual descent rates. GPWS is common on civil airliners and larger general aviation aircraft.
 * a Terrain awareness and warning system (TAWS) uses a digital terrain map, together with position information from a navigation system such as GPS, to predict whether the aircraft's current flight path could put it in conflict with obstacles such as mountains or high towers, that would not be detected by GPWS (which uses the ground elevation directly beneath the aircraft). One of the best examples of this type of technology is the Auto-GCAS (Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System) and PARS (Pilot Activated Recovery System) that was installed on the entire USAF fleet of F-16's in 2014.
 * Synthetic vision provides pilots with a computer-generated simulation of their outside environment for use in low or zero-visibility situations. Information used to present warnings is often taken from GPS, INS, or gyroscopic sensors.

title: Airborne collision avoidance system


text:
Vegan Outreach

Vegan Outreach is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded in 1993. Originally known as Animal Liberation Action (ALA), the group was founded by Matt Ball and Jack Norris in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1993.

History
As members of the animal rights community of Cincinnati, Matt Ball and Jack Norris (along with Phil Murray, now co-owner of Pangea Vegan Products) spent the winter of 1990–1991 holding fur protests outside cultural events. Their focus turned to vegetarianism in 1992, and the Animal Rights Community of Cincinnati funded the printing and distribution of 10,000 pro-vegetarian flyers entitled Vegetarianism. In June 1993, twelve activists—including Ball and Norris—held a three-day "Fast for Farm Animals" in front of a Cincinnati slaughterhouse. On the last day of the fast, some of the protesters took a large banner reading "Stop Eating Animals" to the University of Cincinnati campus.

Following this event, Ball and Norris formed Animal Liberation Action (ALA) and started a campaign of holding "Stop Eating Animals" banners on street corners. In 1994, ALA developed a booklet called And Justice For All. It focused on the reasons to adopt a vegan diet, focusing on the abuse of the animals involved. The following year, ALA's name was officially changed to Vegan Outreach.

Vegan Outreach partnered with restaurants, grocery stores, colleges and wholesale companies to guide them in adding plant-based options to their menus, shelves, and cafeterias.

Community outreach
Prior to the pandemic, staff and volunteers conducted outreach with the aim of signing people up for online guided vegan challenges. Community outreach took place on about 1,000 colleges and high school campuses each semester, as well as at vegfests, cat and dog festivals, Comic-Cons, yoga festivals, farmers markets, and other fairs and conventions worldwide.

Outreach involved free vegan food samples, showing virtual reality videos, and tabling booklets like What is Speciesism? and Why Vegan.

Online outreach
Outreach now takes place almost exclusively online, consisting of advertising on social media to interest people in vegan eating along with giving webinar presentations to college classes. This move proved to be effective with over 1.4 million people signing up for Vegan Outreach's guided challenge, "10 Weeks to Vegan," since the beginning of 2019.

Programs
In 2022, Vegan Outreach reignited its Vegan Chef Challenge program. These are month-long events showcasing new vegan menu items at local non-vegan restaurants. Typically, 10 to 30 restaurants take part and the dining public is encouraged to vote for their favorite dishes. The challenges create a buzz about vegan food and receive local media attention.

Vegan Outreach India has a prolific Green Tuesday Initiative campaign that works with institutions to add vegan options and decrease their animal product usage.

title: Vegan Outreach


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Don Criqui

Don Criqui (born October 1, 1940) is an American sportscaster.

He holds the record for longest-tenured NFL broadcaster in U.S. TV history, calling NFL football for 47 seasons (1967–2013) on NBC and CBS. Criqui's final NFL broadcast came on December 8, 2013, when he filled in for Bill Macatee as he was having traveling issues in an ice storm in Dallas, calling the 27-26 New England Patriots victory over the Cleveland Browns.

Criqui also had a long career calling college football. Criqui called 11 Orange Bowl games while with NBC, including games that decided the college football national championship in 1981, 1983, 1985 and 1987. From 2006 until 2017, Criqui served as the football radio play-by-play voice for Notre Dame, his alma mater.

Criqui's most recent network assignment was CBS Sports from 1998 until 2013, where he called the NFL, women's and men's college basketball and college football. From 1995 to 2012, he was the voice of New England Patriots pre-season football with Randy Cross.

Early life
Criqui is a native of Buffalo, New York and grew up in the suburb of Kenmore.

He graduated from St. Joseph's Collegiate Institute in Kenmore, before attending the University of Notre Dame. He served in the U.S. Air Force Reserve.

Career
Though he was the NFL on NBC's top announcer only once (Week 6 of the 1990 season), Criqui has always been a featured announcer in the American sports scene and is notable for his longevity.

Criqui began with CBS in 1967 before moving to NBC Sports in 1979; he was 'traded' by CBS to NBC for Curt Gowdy. When CBS reacquired the NFL in 1998, Criqui rejoined the network, and continued to serve as a play-by-play announcer as part of the NFL on CBS until his retirement from that position after the 2012 season.

He has also announced a number of other sports for CBS, NBC and ESPN including college football, college basketball, the ABA, the NBA, the NHL, professional golf and tennis tournaments, Triple Crown horse racing, the Canadian Football League and several Summer Olympics events.

During his tenure at NBC, Criqui called 14 Orange Bowl games. Criqui's most memorable call was the 1984 Orange Bowl between undefeated Nebraska and Miami. Nebraska was on a 22-game winning streak coming into the game, but lost to Miami 31–30 when the Cornhuskers failed on a two-point conversion attempt which would have won the game. His most famous college basketball call was most likely the last-second upset by St. Joseph's over top-seeded DePaul in the Mideast regional second round of the 1981 NCAA Tournament.

Criqui was the radio play-by-play voice of Notre Dame Fighting Irish football on the Notre Dame IMG Sports Network from 2006 to 2018.

Other projects
His other projects include hosting radio talk shows about sports, serving as a part-time TV announcer for the New York Mets in 1991, and working as the play-by-play announcer for New England Patriots pre-season telecasts on WCVB-TV, Boston from 1995 to 2008 and for WBZ-TV, Boston from 2009 to 2012. Criqui was also for many years the key spokesperson for Trans World Airlines, appearing as himself in many television, radio and print advertisements as part of the Ogilvy & Mather-produced advertising campaign: "You're Gonna Like Us (sm). TWA.", which ran between 1978 and 1984 in support of the airline's domestic U.S. marketing efforts.

For years, he also served as co-host of the weekend version of the newsmagazine Inside Edition. He also served as a sportscaster on WOR radio in New York on the Rambling with Gambling show, as well as on WNBC radio on Imus in the Morning.

Memorable NFL calls
One of Criqui's most memorable NFL calls came on November 8, 1970: Tom Dempsey's 63-yard field goal that lifted the New Orleans Saints to a 19–17 victory over the Detroit Lions at New Orleans' Tulane Stadium. Other memorable NFL games that Criqui took part in were the 1978 "Miracle at the Meadowlands" and the 1982 "Epic in Miami". Criqui also did play-by-play of the 1985–86 seasons of Monday Night Football and Super Bowls XX and XXI (alongside Bob Trumpy) for NBC Radio. He also called "Red Right 88" in 1980, when Brian Sipe threw an interception in the end zone to end the Cleveland Browns' season. He along with Randy Cross called the Detroit Lions' comeback victory over the Browns in 2009.

He was presented with the Pete Rozelle Radio-Television Award from the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2003. He is also a member of the Greater Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame.

Personal life
Criqui lives in Essex Fells, New Jersey; He has four sons, one daughter, and fifteen grandchildren. Don’s wife of over 60 years Molly died June 2, 2024. https://obits.nj.com/us/obituaries/starledger/name/molly-criqui-obituary?id=55293877

title: Don Criqui


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Jimmy Dudley

James Randolph Dudley (September 27, 1909 – February 12, 1999) was an American sportscaster, best known as the play-by-play voice of Major League Baseball's Cleveland Indians for nearly two decades.

Biography
A native of Alexandria, Virginia, Dudley majored in chemistry at the University of Virginia. He turned to broadcasting in the late 1930s, starting out at a Charlottesville radio station. He moved up to calling Chicago Cubs and Chicago White Sox games from 1938–1941 before serving as a pilot in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II.

Dudley was the Indians' lead announcer from 1948 until his firing by the club in January 1968. In 1969, Dudley broadcast for the expansion Seattle Pilots; when the club moved to Milwaukee and became the Brewers the following year, he did not join them. Dudley broadcast for a number of minor league teams in the 1970s before retiring. As an announcer, Dudley was known for his friendly, homespun style and his signature catchphrases: "Hello, baseball fans everywhere" (to start a broadcast), "The string is out" (describing a full count on a hitter), "A swing and a miss, he struck him out," "That ball is going...going...gone!" (to describe a home run), "Mighty close, mistah ump!" (describing an umpire call that he found questionable) and "So long and lots of good luck, you hear?" (signing off at the game's end – "you hear" sounded more like "ya he-ah?" in Dudley's vocal inflection).

Dudley was also a popular advertising pitchman in Cleveland, remembered primarily for his radio and television commercials for the Aluminum Siding Corporation (Garfield 1-2323) and Kahn's Hot Dogs – "the wien-ah the world awaited," in Dudley's unique parlance.

Dudley called the 1954 World Series and All-Star Game for the Mutual network, and 1961's first All-Star Game for NBC Radio.

In addition to baseball, Dudley also broadcast football at various times for the Ohio State University, the University of Washington, and the NFL's Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions and Baltimore Colts.

Dudley was presented with the Ford C. Frick Award from the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1997. He died at age 89 in Tucson, Arizona.

title: Jimmy Dudley


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Jaime Jarrín

Jaime Jarrín (born December 10, 1935) is an Ecuadorian-born American sportscaster known as the Spanish-language voice of the Los Angeles Dodgers. He began broadcasting for the Dodgers in 1959 and was the 1998 recipient of the Ford C. Frick Award from the Baseball Hall of Fame. One of the most recognizable voices in Hispanic broadcasting, Jarrín, "the Spanish Voice of the Dodgers" is also heard on Spectrum SportsNet LA's SAP channel.

Career
Born in Cayambe, Ecuador, Jarrín began work as a broadcaster in his home country when he was just 16 years old. He went on to become the announcer for the National Congress of Ecuador. He came to the United States on June 24, 1955. At the time, he had never seen a baseball game.

Los Angeles Dodgers (1959-2022)
When the Dodgers moved to Los Angeles in 1958, KWKW was enlisted by team owner Walter O'Malley to be the team's Spanish-language flagship station; Jarrín was KWKW news and sports director, having joined the station as a news reporter in 1955. The original broadcast team included René Cárdenas, Miguel Alonso, and Milt Nava, and they were joined by Jarrín starting with the 1959 season. For the first six years, they did not travel with the team but would recreate the games on radio while listening to the English-language broadcast in a studio. In 1973, after 14 years with the Dodgers, Jarrín became the club's number-one Spanish-language broadcaster. (KWKW moved from to the  frequency in 1989.)

From 1962 to 1984, Jarrín never missed a game, calling close to 4,000 games over 22 seasons. The streak was broken only when he took charge of all the Spanish-language radio coverage and production for the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

During 1980-81, Jarrín, Rene Cardenas, Miguel Alonso, and Rodolfo Hoyos Jr. served as interpreter for Mexican pitcher Fernando Valenzuela. Valenzuela would later work as color commentator alongside Jarrín and Pepe Yñiguez on Dodgers games.

He has called more than 30 world championship boxing title bouts throughout the world for radio and television stations in Latin America, including the Thrilla in Manila between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier. He has called 25 All-Star Games and 25 World Series, including the 2005 Fall Classic in which he served as the emcee for MLB's Latin Legends ceremony. His broadcasts of the All-Star Game, League Championship Series and World Series on CBS, the Latina Broadcasting Network, Cadena Latina and Caracol and 1989 to 1999 were carried on more than 300 stations. In March 2006, Jarrín served as a play-by-play announcer for the inaugural World Baseball Classic.

In addition to his work for the Dodgers, Jarrín continued to cover major news events for KWKW including the Chicano Moratorium of 1970, memorial services for President John F. Kennedy and Pope John Paul II's first pastoral visit to the United States, along with several important meetings between foreign leaders and Presidents Richard Nixon and Lyndon B. Johnson.

For the 2015 season, Jarrín was paired for the first time in the booth with his son Jorge Jarrín. With the retirement of fellow Dodgers broadcaster Vin Scully in 2016, Jarrín became the longest tenured active broadcaster in baseball on April 7, 2017.

On September 28, 2021 Jarrín announced he would retire after the 2022 season. At 64 total seasons, all with the Dodgers, he ends his career as the third-longest-tenured individual with one team (behind Scully, 67 years, and Tommy Lasorda, 69 years, both also entirely with the Dodgers).

Honors and awards
In 1998, Jarrín received the Ford C. Frick Award from the Baseball Hall of Fame, becoming the second Spanish-language broadcaster to win that award, joining Mets and Yankees announcer Buck Canel. In February 1998, Jarrín was the first recipient of the Southern California Broadcaster Association's President's Award. Also in 1998, he was honored by the National Association of Hispanic Journalists with their highest award, and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

In 2002, Jarrín was inducted into the California Broadcasters Association Hall of Fame and in 2003, into the Hispanic Heritage Baseball Museum Hall of Fame. He received the 2003 Foreign Language Sports Broadcaster Award from the Southern California Sports Broadcasters and was inducted into the Southern California Sports Broadcaster's Hall of Fame. Jarrín was honored again by the SCSB with the foreign-language broadcaster of the year award in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2008. In 2009, he was honored by the Society of St. Vincent DePaul for his commitment to changing the lives of at-risk youth in the community.

He has also received La Gran Cruz al Merito en El Grado de Comendador (the highest civilian medal) from his native Ecuador in January 1992. In 1990 he was named as one of the top 100 Influential Hispanics in the United States by Hispanic Business Magazine. In 1970, he was the first Latin American to win the Golden Mike Award, which he received again in 1971. In 2000, he spoke at the MLB Rookie Development seminar, which is designed to prepare top minor league prospects for the Major Leagues.

In 2011, Jarrín was honored in Los Angeles with the AFTRA Foundation's AFTRA Media and Entertainment Excellence Award in Broadcasting. His colleague, Vin Scully, received the same award in 2009.

On June 11, 2012, the Dodgers prior to their game against the Angels honored Jarrín for 54 years of service. He was given a trophy and threw out the first pitch of the game. A video tribute was also made and shown. The fans also received a blue colored T-shirt where the front of the shirt said "Se Va, Se Va, Se Va"

Personal life
Jarrín studied philosophy, letters, journalism, and broadcasting at Central University of Ecuador in Quito. His son, Jorge, started as a traffic reporter for English and Spanish radio stations in Los Angeles before joining the Dodgers broadcast team. Jarrín resides in Los Angeles. His wife, Blanca, died on February 28, 2019.

title: Jaime Jarrín


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Ted Lowe

Edwin Charles Ernest Lowe (1 November 1920 –1 May 2011) was an English snooker commentator for the BBC and ITV. His husky, hushed tones earned him the nickname "Whispering Ted".

Life and career
Born in Lambourn, Berkshire, Lowe was general manager of London's Leicester Square Hall, the home of professional billiards and snooker. He got his break one day when the BBC's regular commentator, Raymond Glendenning, was suffering from laryngitis. Because there was no commentary box, Lowe spoke in a whisper, which became his trademark.

Lowe became the commentator for the snooker television show Pot Black from 1969 and went on to become the "voice of snooker" and led the commentary in many tournaments. He also commentated in what is generally regarded as snooker's greatest final, that between Steve Davis and Dennis Taylor in the 1985 World Snooker Championship.

Lowe uttered the occasional on-air gaffe, one of his most famous quotes being, "and for those of you who are watching in black and white, the pink is next to the green." He once told viewers that Fred Davis, struggling to rest one leg on the edge of the table in order to reach a long shot, "is getting on a bit and is having trouble getting his leg over".

Lowe retired after the 1996 World Snooker Championship final, although he briefly joined in the commentary for the 2005 World Snooker Championship final, where Shaun Murphy defeated Matthew Stevens.

Lowe died, aged 90, in Bexhill-on-Sea, on the morning of the first session of the 2011 World Snooker Championship final. He was survived by his wife Jean, daughter Margaret and son Michael.

Recalling Lowe after his death, seven-time World Champion Stephen Hendry, who was once described by Lowe as the "wonder bairn of Scotland", said: "I remember playing Junior Pot Black, I was only 12 and he was a complete gentleman. Me and my father were down there and he was so nice to us."

title: Ted Lowe


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Arch McDonald

Arch Linn McDonald Sr. (May 23, 1901 – October 16, 1960) was an American radio sportscaster who served as the play-by-play voice of Major League Baseball's Washington Senators from 1934 to 1956, with the exception of 1939, when he broadcast the New York Yankees and New York Giants.

Biography
McDonald was born in Hot Springs, Arkansas, and grew up in Chattanooga, Tennessee. During the early 1930s, he broadcast for the Chattanooga Lookouts, a Minor League Baseball team. In 1932, he won a national contest sponsored by The Sporting News for "the most popular sports broadcaster", garnering 57,960 votes —a remarkable achievement, considering that the Lookouts were a Class A team. Washington Senators owner Clark Griffith jumped McDonald straight to broadcasting for the major league team in 1934, and he immediately became a hit.

McDonald was one of the first to use "ducks on the pond" as a term for players on base, and was notable for quoting an old country tune, "They Cut Down the Old Pine Tree", after a Senators win. He also gave Joe DiMaggio the nickname "The Yankee Clipper". McDonald was best known, however, for his studio re-creations of road games, a common practice in the 1930s, when line charges were too expensive for live road coverage. The radio listeners would hear the click of a ticker tape machine, and the announcer would convey the play; "It's a long fly ball to deep center, going, going... gone. It's a home run." For many years, it was common for Senators fans to crowd around McDonald's studio at a drug store on G Street, near the White House, for his recreations.

In 1939, McDonald became the first full-time voice of the Yankees and Giants, working the second half of the season alongside a young Mel Allen. In June that year, he helped broadcast activities at the opening of the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York, for CBS. However, his homespun style didn't play well in New York, and he was back in Washington for the 1940 season.

For the most part, McDonald called losing baseball; the Senators only finished higher than fifth four times during his tenure. Despite the team's losing efforts, McDonald was again named outstanding baseball broadcaster in 1942 and 1945. During the 1940s, he began calling Washington Redskins and college football games. McDonald was forced off Senators broadcasts by a sponsor change following their 1956 season, but remained behind the microphone for the Redskins.

Personal life
McDonald was the Democratic candidate for Maryland's 6th congressional district in the 1946 House of Representatives election, losing to incumbent James Glenn Beall, 58.1% to 41.9%.

McDonald died in 1960, of a heart attack at age 59, while returning to Washington, D.C., via train from a Redskins game in New York City. He was buried in Cedar Hill Cemetery in Suitland, Maryland. In 1999, McDonald was posthumously honored with the Ford C. Frick Award, given annually to one baseball broadcaster.

title: Arch McDonald


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Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/CCDF

I really would like to protest the Deletion of the "CCDF" page. The CCDF is a half yearly event that attracts around 20 people and 100s of other know about it- To delete it would be a savage blow to these people and I know that my confidence and joy with your site would quickly evaporate. Please do not delete this.


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Digger Phelps

Richard Frederick "Digger" Phelps (born July 4, 1941) is an American former college basketball coach, most notably of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish from 1971 to 1991. For 20 years, from 1993 to 2014, he served as an analyst on ESPN. He got the nickname "Digger" from his friends.

Early life
Phelps was born in Beacon, New York. His family ran a funeral home business in the city. He worked at his father's business on weekends and during summer. He got the nickname "digger" from his friends.

Early career
Phelps began his coaching career in 1963 as a graduate assistant at Rider College (now Rider University), where he had played basketball. After a move to St. Gabriel's High School in Hazleton, Pennsylvania, he obtained his first full assistant job in 1966 at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.

His first head coaching job came in 1970 at Fordham University in The Bronx, where he coached Charlie Yelverton and P. J. Carlesimo, the athletic director's son. Phelps led the Rams to a 24–2 record in the 1970–71 regular season and a #9 national ranking.

Fordham received an at-large bid to the 25-team NCAA tournament, where they advanced to the Sweet Sixteen, and won the consolation game for third place in the East regional.

In May 1971 at age 29, Phelps was named head coach at the University of Notre Dame.

Notre Dame
During his 20 seasons (1971–91) tenure, Phelps' Notre Dame teams went .660, with 14 seasons of 20 wins or more. In 1978, Notre Dame made its only Final Four appearance to date. His most-remembered game occurred in 1974, when the second-ranked Fighting Irish scored the last 12 points of the game on January 19 to upset top-ranked UCLA, coached by John Wooden, 71–70, ending the Bruins' record 88-game winning streak. He shares the NCAA record for most upsets over a #1 team at seven with Gary Williams:

Broadcasting career
Phelps began his broadcasting career when he served as a commentator for ABC Sports' basketball coverage at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. In 1992, he continued his broadcasting career when he provided color commentary for that year's NCAA tournament for CBS. He joined ESPN the next season and worked for them until 2014 as a college basketball studio and game analyst.

During the April 7, 2014 broadcast of College GameDay, Phelps announced that he was leaving ESPN. "I spent 20 years at Notre Dame as a coach and now 20 years here at ESPN doing a great job with all you people. And now it's time for me to move forward, and this will be my last time on TV," Phelps said. Phelps added: "It's been a great run. Twenty years is always my target for everything, and it's time to move forward."

Personal life
Phelps resides in South Bend with his wife Terry, and has three adult children. His eldest, Karen, was married to baseball pitcher Jamie Moyer. He is a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity at Rider College.

Phelps was instrumental in the restoration of various programs at John McDonogh High School in New Orleans post-Hurricane Katrina. His gifts helped to restore the sports program and helped to launch a four-year Culinary Academy in partnership with the Louisiana Restaurant Association Education Foundation and the Recovery School District on December 15, 2010.

Cancer battle
In April 2013, Phelps was diagnosed with bladder cancer. On July 1, 2013, his doctor declared him in remission.

title: Digger Phelps


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Felo Ramírez

Rafael "Felo" Ramírez (22 June 1923 – 21 August 2017) was a Cuban-American Spanish language sports announcer, most notably for the Miami Marlins.

Born in Bayamo, Cuba, Ramirez was also a boxing expert, having broadcast fights for Latin American radio and television audiences since 1949 along with other Spanish-language broadcasters such as Buck Canel and, Pancho Pepe Cróquer when the Gillette Cavalcade of Sports, aired through NBC Red Network, extended their Spanish programming activities to Latin American countries, where it was known as the Cabalgata Deportiva Gillette.

Career
Ramirez called more than 40 Caribbean World Series. He served as a broadcaster for nine years in his native Cuba, before leaving for Venezuela, Puerto Rico, and Mexico. From 1993 until April 2017, he was the Spanish radio announcer for the Miami Marlins. He called many baseball moments in his career, including Don Larsen's perfect game, Roberto Clemente's 3,000th Major League hit, and Hank Aaron's 715th home run.

As a Marlins broadcaster, Ramirez called both the 1997 and 2003 World Series. He has also called numerous boxing matches, including many involving Muhammad Ali.

During the mid-1980s, Ramirez and Puerto Rican sportscaster and boxing promoter Ivonne Class co-hosted a weekly, Saturday nights boxing television show on Tele-Once, the returning television channel that had once been one of Puerto Rico's most seen TV stations, featuring live telecasts of Class-promoted bouts and also recorded fights of the past, like Muhammad Ali-Bob Foster.

Personal life
Ramírez was born in Bayamo, Cuba, and was commonly known as "El Orgullo de Bayamo" ("The Pride of Bayamo") by many fans and colleagues. A longtime resident of Puerto Rico, he was inducted in the Puerto Rican Sports Hall of Fame and has been honored by the local legislature.

Death
Ramirez was hospitalized after a fall in April 2017. He died on August 21, 2017, at the age of 94.

Awards and honors
In 2001, Ramirez received the Ford C. Frick Award from the National Baseball Hall of Fame. His speech, delivered entirely in his native Spanish, was translated by Jaime Jarrin. In 2003, he was inducted into the Caribbean Baseball Hall of Fame. In 2007 the music of billo's caracas boys of magallanes y susana is they appeared Luis Enrique Arias y Carlos González (periodista deportivo).

In 2012, Ramirez received a recognition in Valencia, Venezuela. The Magallanes organization honored his career of more than 60 years as a sports play by play announcer.

title: Felo Ramírez


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Bob Wolff

Robert Alfred Wolff (November 29, 1920 – July 15, 2017) was an American radio and television sportscaster.

He began his professional career in 1939 on CBS in Durham, North Carolina while attending Duke University. He was the radio and TV voice of the Washington Senators from 1947 to 1960, continuing with the team when they relocated and became the Minnesota Twins in 1961. In 1962, he joined NBC-TV.

In his later years, Wolff was seen and heard on News 12 Long Island, on MSG Network programming, and doing sports interviews on the Steiner Sports' Memories of the Game show on the YES Network.

Personal life
Wolff was born in New York City; he was the son of Estelle (Cohn), a homemaker, and Richard Wolff, a professional engineer. He was a graduate of Duke University with Phi Beta Kappa and Omicron Delta Kappa honors. Wolff served in the U.S. Navy as a supply officer in the Pacific during World War II, ending his service as a lieutenant.

He was a longtime resident of South Nyack, New York. His son Rick Wolff is an author, radio host for WFAN, and former baseball player and coach.

National broadcasting work
Bob Wolff was the longest-running sports broadcaster in television and radio history. He is a recipient of the Ford C. Frick Award from the Baseball Hall of Fame and the Curt Gowdy Media Award from the Basketball Hall of Fame. Wolff has also been honored with induction into Madison Square Garden's Walk of Fame, the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Hall of Fame, Sigma Nu fraternity Hall of Fame, and many others.

Wolff was a professional broadcaster for nine decades. Seen and heard on two ESPN TV specials in 2008, he had been on the Madison Square Garden Network since 1954 and on Cablevision's News 12 Long Island since 1986.

Wolff became the pioneer TV voice of the Washington Senators in 1947 and moved with the team to Minnesota in 1961. In 1962 he joined NBC as the play-by-play man on the TV Baseball Game-of-the-Week, where he worked until 1965.

Also heard on Mutual's Game-of-the-Day, Wolff was selected to be a World Series broadcaster in 1956 and that year called Don Larsen's perfect game across the country on the Mutual Broadcast System and around the world on the Armed Forces radio. He also was on NBC Radio for the World Series in 1958 and 1961.

Wolff was seen and heard doing play-by-play on all the major TV networks. Another of his classic broadcasts was the NY Giants / Baltimore Colts 1958 NFL Championship Game called, "The Greatest Game Ever Played". On the collegiate scene, he broadcast the Rose Bowl, Sugar Bowl, Gator Bowl, and many others. Wolff was the television play-by-play voice of the Detroit Pistons for multiple seasons.

Wolff was also an announcer for the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, the National Horse Show, the Garden's college and pro basketball and hockey games, men and women's tennis, track and boxing events as well as gymnastics and bowling. He did soccer games for the old Tampa Bay Rowdies.

New York Knicks and New York Rangers
Wolff became known regionally as television's play-by-play voice for eight teams in five different sports – the New York Knicks and Detroit Pistons of the NBA as well as the New York Rangers of the NHL, the Washington Senators/Minnesota Twins of MLB, the Baltimore Colts, Washington Redskins and Cleveland Browns of the NFL, and soccer's Tampa Bay Rowdies of the initial North American Soccer League.

He was one of the very few American play-by-play announcers to have covered each of the four major team sports leagues as well as soccer, with Dale Arnold being another, having called games of all of Boston's major sports teams: the Bruins, Celtics, Red Sox, Patriots, and Revolution.

For many years Wolff was the play-by-play telecaster for all events originating from Madison Square Garden.

His broadcast partner with the Knicks for many years was Cal Ramsey.

Memorable calls
In addition to broadcasting Don Larsen's perfect World Series game and the Colts' first overtime championship title win over the New York Giants, Wolff called Jackie Robinson's last major league hit that won Game 6 of the 1956 World Series. He was also the TV voice of the New York Knicks' only two championships, in 1970 and in 1973.

Death
Wolff died on July 15, 2017, at his home in South Nyack, New York, at the age of 96.

title: Bob Wolff


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USS Henley (DD-762)

USS Henley (DD-762), an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer, was the fourth ship of the United States Navy to be named Henley, was named after Captain Robert Henley (5 January 1783 – 7 October 1828); an officer in the United States Navy during the Quasi-War with France, the War of 1812 and the Second Barbary War.

In addition to the three destroyers named USS Henley, there was an additional ship, named USS John D. Henley (DD-553) which was named after Captain John D. Henley, a brother of Captain Robert Henley.

The fourth Henley (DD-762) was launched on 8 April 1945 by Bethlehem Steel Co., San Francisco; sponsored by Mrs. George S. Wheaton; and commissioned on 8 October 1946.

History
After shakedown in the Pacific, Henley headed east, reporting to the Sonar School at Key West on 19 February 1947 for a five-month tour of duty. She then reported to Norfolk, Virginia from which she sailed 28 July for her first Mediterranean cruise, which terminated on 1 December at Boston. On her second tour in the Mediterranean Sea, Henley patrolled with other United Nations ships in the summer of 1948 as the Israeli-Arab dispute threatened to erupt into war. After a year of tactical training exercises and fleet maneuvers, Henley decommissioned at Charleston, South Carolina on 15 March 1950. Less than six months later, with the outbreak of war in Korea, Henley went back in commission, rejoining the active fleet 23 September. Shakedown over, she sailed July 1951 for another tour with the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean Sea. Henley was detached from this duty and made a cruise to northern European ports, including a journey up the Seine to Rouen, before returning to Norfolk in February 1952.

In company with Destroyer Division 221, Henley departed Norfolk on 25 September 1953 for a world cruise which was to take her 44,000 miles in 218 days. During this period, Henley sailed through the Mediterranean Sea and the Suez Canal, participated in the filming of The Bridges at Toko-Ri off the Korean and Japanese coasts, operated with the 7th Fleet in Asian waters, and returned to the States via the Panama Canal and the Caribbean Sea. Following years fell into a pattern for Henley as she alternated Mediterranean cruises with anti-submarine warfare and other tactical exercises off the east coast and in the Caribbean Sea. In 1959 she joined Task Force 47 for the Inland Seas Cruise to the Great Lakes through the newly completed St. Lawrence Seaway. Nearly 75,000 mid-westerners visited this representative of the "salt-water navy" in her two-month cruise.

During the Cuban Missile Crisis in the fall of 1962 over offensive missiles stationed in Cuba, Henley joined the fleet "quarantining" the island. Following this, she then returned to a peacetime pattern of readiness operations.

On 1 October 1964, Henley became a Group I, Naval Reserve training ship assigned to the Anti-Submarine Warfare Component of the Naval Reserve. Following overhaul at Newport News, Virginia, and refresher training at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, she began the first of numerous Naval Reserve training cruises out of Norfolk 1 May 1965. Manned by a nucleus crew of 100 officers and men on active duty, she cruised along the Atlantic coast and into the Caribbean Sea during the next eight years and provided valuable service as an at-sea training platform for hundreds of Naval Reservists. Into mid-1972 she continued this vital duty for officers and men of the Naval Reserve and the nation and on July 2, 1973, the last all-gun Sumner-class destroyer remaining in the fleet was decommissioned.

title: USS Henley (DD-762)


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John L. May

John Lawrence May (March 31, 1922 – March 24, 1994) was an American clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Mobile (1969–1980) and Archbishop of St. Louis (1980–1992).

Early life and education
John May was born in Evanston, Illinois, to Peter Michael and Catherine (née Allare) May. He received his early education at the parochial school of St. Nicholas Church in his native city, and attended Archbishop Quigley Preparatory Seminary in Chicago, from where he graduated in 1940. His theological studies were made at St. Mary of Lake Seminary in Mundelein. where he earned a Licentiate of Sacred Theology. May was of Luxembourgian ancestry.

Priesthood
On May 3, 1947, May was ordained to the priesthood by Cardinal Samuel Stritch. His first assignment was as a curate at St. Gregory Church in Chicago, where he remained until he became chaplain of Mercy Hospital in 1956. From 1959 to 1967 he served as vice-president and general secretary of the Catholic Church Extension Society, becoming president in 1967. He also taught at St. Gregory the Great High School and Loyola University, and served on the archdiocesan marriage tribunal.

Chicago
On June 16, 1967, May was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Chicago and Titular Bishop of Tagarbala by Pope Paul VI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following August 24 from Cardinal John Cody, with Bishops Cletus F. O'Donnell and Aloysius John Wycislo serving as co-consecrators, at Holy Name Cathedral. In addition to his episcopal duties, he served as pastor of Christ the King Church in Chicago.

Mobile
Following the resignation of Bishop Thomas Joseph Toolen, May was appointed the seventh Bishop of Mobile, Alabama, on September 29, 1969. His installation took place on the following December 10 at the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception. During his 10-year-long tenure in Mobile, he established eight parishes and two deaneries, dedicated twelve churches, founded two schools, and erected a convent. He also dedicated several other institutions, including parish centers, elderly homes, and a new wing and intensive-care unit at Providence Hospital.

May continued to implement the liturgical reforms of the Second Vatican Council, authorizing the laity to distribute Communion, the reception of Communion in the hand, and a new rite for the Sacrament of Penance. He founded an Office of Youth Ministry, Diocesan Pastoral Council, and Diocesan Board of Catholic Education. He also established a retirement program for all lay church employees, a new health insurance program, a marriage preparation program, and anti-abortion programs. In 1977, he imposed a term limit of six years for parish priests in the diocese. He ordained the diocese's first class of permanent deacons in 1979.

St. Louis
On January 24, 1980, May was appointed the sixth Archbishop of St. Louis, Missouri, by Pope John Paul II. He was installed at the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis on March 25, 1980. During his 12-year-long tenure, he proved to be very committed to ecumenism and racial harmony. He encouraged an active dialogue between Christians of all denominations, and ordained J. Terry Steib as St. Louis' first African American auxiliary bishop. He also appointed the archdiocese's first chief financial officer and the first woman to serve as superintendent of Catholic schools. As he had done in Mobile, he started a self-insurance program in the archdiocese and improved the retirement program for lay employees.

An advocate for the poor and homeless, he greatly expanded the programs of Catholic Charities, and initiated a pro-life program designed to directly assist women with crisis pregnancies. He served as President of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops from 1986 to 1989; in this position, he served as spokesman for the Catholic Church in the United States. Due to a decline in the number of seminarians, May was forced to consolidate the archdiocesan seminary system. In 1987, he merged Cardinal Glennon College and Kenrick Seminary to form Kenrick-Glennon Seminary. In 1990, with Sister Mary Ann Eckhoff and St. Louis businessman Robert A. Brooks, he co-founded the Archdiocese's "Today and Tomorrow Educational Foundation".

Later life and death
In July 1992, May was diagnosed with brain cancer. For this reason, he resigned as Archbishop on December 9 of that year. He died over a year later at a St. Louis nursing home, aged 71. He was buried in the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis.

title: John L. May


text:
Talk:Roundeyes

Having perused the List of ethnic slurs I'm inclined to merge this stub with that article. If so, shall I make a redirect, too? Thanks, Throbblefoot 05:37, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Shouldn't this be under the singular [roundeye] anyways? Nik42 07:03, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Both now redirect to List of ethnic slurs. Throbblefoot 06:36, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Roundeyes


text:
Glomar

Glomar may refer to:

 * Global Marine, a drilling contractor which merged with Santa Fe International Corporation to form GlobalSantaFe Corporation. Now part of Transocean.
 * Glomar Challenger, the drillship used for the Deep Sea Drilling Project
 * Glomar Explorer, a large salvage vessel built by the CIA
 * Glomar response, a "neither confirm nor deny" response by agents of US national security

title: Glomar


text:
J. C. Tremblay

Joseph Henri Jean-Claude Tremblay (January 22, 1939 – December 7, 1994) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Quebec Nordiques of the World Hockey Association (WHA), notable for play-making and defensive skills.

Playing career
After an amateur and minor professional career that saw him move from left wing to defence and win the league Most Valuable Player title in 1960, Tremblay began play for the Canadiens in that season and stuck with the big league squad for good in the 1961–1962 season, playing for five Stanley Cup winning teams. He became one of the NHL's preeminent stars on defence for both his offense and defensive work, playing in seven NHL All-Star Games and setting the franchise record for points by a defenceman, and was recognized as a first team All-Star in 1971 and a Second Team All-Star in 1968.

In 1972, Tremblay jumped to the upstart WHA with the Nordiques, which had negotiated with the Los Angeles Sharks for his rights. He was the franchise's first great star, as well as the league's first great defenceman, winning the league honors for best defenceman in 1973 and 1975 and being named to the WHA's Team Canada in 1974, leading that club in defensive scoring. Tremblay also led his team to the 1977 AVCO World Trophy championship. He was the only player to play for the Nordiques all seven seasons of the WHA, and retired after the 1979 season. His number #3 jersey was retired by the Nordiques after that season just before the franchise's move into the NHL, thus gaining Tremblay the distinction of being one of only three players to have a number retired by an NHL team without ever actually playing for it (the other two being Johnny McKenzie by the Hartford Whalers and Frank Finnigan by the modern-day Ottawa Senators). He later scouted in Europe for the Montreal Canadiens.

In 1979, he donated a kidney to his daughter. Tremblay died of kidney cancer on December 7, 1994, at the age of 55.

Honors and achievements

 * Won Stanley Cups in 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969 and 1971
 * Won Avco Cup in 1977
 * At the time of leaving the Canadiens, was in the top fifty all-time NHL assist leaders
 * Played in the NHL All-Star Game in 1959, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1971 and 1972
 * Named to the 1972 Summit Series Canadian team but dropped after he signed with the WHA
 * Named to the WHA first All-Star team in 1973, 1975 and 1976
 * Named to the WHA second All-Star team in 1974
 * Led the WHA in assists in 1973 and 1976
 * Played seven seasons with the Nordiques, playing in 454 games and scoring 66 goals and 358 assists for 424 points
 * Second in WHA history in assists, fourteenth in points, and sixteen in games played
 * Named to NHL first All-Star team in 1971
 * Named to NHL second All-Star team in 1968
 * A street in Vaudreuil-Dorion, Quebec was named after him (along with other greats)
 * Elected as an inaugural member to the World Hockey Association Hall of Fame in 2010
 * An arena is named after him in La Baie, Quebec (Now part of the City of Saguenay, QC)

title: J. C. Tremblay


text:
Sweet sixteen (birthday)

A sweet sixteen is a coming-of-age party celebrating one's 16th birthday, mainly celebrated in the United States and Canada. While they are not a legal adult, typically, when they turn 16 is when many people learn to drive, get jobs, and assume other adult responsibilities. For many, the 16th birthday celebrates adulthood and marks the end of a childhood. As the name suggests, the celebration takes place on a sixteenth birthday and is celebrated across all genders, though it is typically more common with girls. In the past, sweet sixteens tended to be formal, but they no longer tend to.

Shoe ceremony
For girls, the shoe ceremony is common at Quinceañeras parties. In this ceremony, the birthday girl sits in a chair while her father, grandfather, godfather, uncle, or brother approaches her, carrying a decorative pillow with high heels. The girl traditionally wore flat shoes, such as slippers, and the father ceremoniously helped her into her new high heels. This is symbolic of the girl transitioning into a woman.

Tiara ceremony
The tiara ceremony is similar to the shoe ceremony, except the mother or a strong female figure approaches with a tiara instead of shoes and places it on her daughter's head to symbolize her becoming a woman. Sometimes, this is combined with the shoe ceremony so that two people approach the birthday girl, one with a pillow with high heels and the other with a pillow with a tiara.

Candle-lighting ceremony
While also performed at Bar and Bat Mitzvahs and Quinceañeras, this ceremony is common for Sweet Sixteen celebrations. There are typically 16 candles, each given to special family members and friends by the birthday girl. Usually, when the recipient of the candle is named, the birthday girl says a few words in regards to why this person (or people) is special to them, they may tell a short story or fun memory they have shared with that person. The birthday girl can decide to give her candles to whomever she chooses.

Other specific coming-of-age parties
like the United States, Similar celebrations are found in different cultures worldwide, some even brought to America.

Latin America
While it's thoroughly combined when living in the States, the most famous coming-of-age celebration is mainly the quinceañera, which is shared amongst the large Mexican American population from California to Florida, as well as within the other Hispanic communities throughout the country in Hispanic countries and Puerto Rico and the festa de debutantes in Brazil, both at 15 years of age.

Philippines
In the Philippines, the debut (pronounced de-boo) celebrates a young woman's 18th birthday. A young man may also celebrate his debut on his 21st birthday, albeit with less formal celebrations or none.

Japanese

Coming of Age Day (成人の日, Seijin no Hi) is a Japanese holiday held annually. It is held to congratulate and encourage all those who have reached or will reach maturity. Festivities include coming-of-age ceremonies (成人式, seijin-shiki) held at local and prefectural offices and after-parties among family and friends.

Judaism
In Judaism, boys reach maturity at the age of 13 and it is celebrated with a bar mitzvah. Girls reach maturity at age 12 and in some communities, a girl may have a similar ceremony, the bat mitzvah. A B'nai mitzvah is for more than one boy or a boy and a girl and two girls have a b'not mitzvah. These are important dates in the Jewish culture because the young person is considered an adult following these ceremonies.

Christianity
In many Christian denominations, both girls and boys reach spiritual maturity at the age of 14, with the Sacrament of Confirmation.

Popular culture
Like most coming-of-age events, sweet 16s are common on TV, in movies, music, books, and online.

Music
Songs that talk about or represent sweet 16s.

 * "When You Were Sweet Sixteen" - Written by James Thornton, published 1898, #3 hit for Harry McDonough in 1901
 * "16 Candles" - recorded by the Crests and several other artists, including Roy Orbison
 * "Happy Birthday Sweet Sixteen" - Neil Sedaka
 * "Sweet Little Sixteen" - Chuck Berry
 * "Sweet Sixteen" - Iggy Pop
 * "Sweet Sixteen" - Billy Idol
 * "Sweet Sixteen" (no connection to the Billy Idol version) - Hilary Duff, it later became the theme song for MTV's reality show My Super Sweet 16.
 * "You're Sixteen" - written by the Sherman Brothers, recorded by Johnny Burnette, Ringo Starr and others.
 * "My Little Girl" - Tim McGraw
 * "Butterfly Kisses" - Bob Carlisle
 * "Dear god" - Kevin Gates
 * "Only Sixteen" - Sam Cooke

title: Sweet sixteen (birthday)


text:
File talk:UlyssesCover.jpg

As per Wikipedia talk:Copyrights: as best as I can tell, because the specific edition of the book from which the image of this cover is taken was published in 1922, it has fallen into Public Domain in the US and because James Joyce died over 70 years ago, it has fallen into Public Domain in many other countries as well. Since the scan of a book cover can hardly be construed as "original" or "creative" (I think Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp. applies here), this book cover should be tagged as Template:PD-old-70, which I have now done. Telso 05:42, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

title: File talk:UlyssesCover.jpg


text:
Kou Qianzhi

Kou Qianzhi (365–448) was a Taoist reformer who reenvisioned many of the ceremonies and rites of the Way of the Celestial Master form of Taoism and reformulated its theology into a new movement known as The Northern Celestial Masters. His influence was such that he had Taoism established as the official state religion of the Northern Wei dynasty (386–535); this act, however, embroiled Taoism in long and often bloody factional political struggles. There is a tradition that Kou Qianzhi once sought seclusion on Mount Hua the better to practice his Taoist meditations.

Life
Kou apparently began his career as a Taoist physician and hygienist. But in 415 he had a vision: a spirit appeared before him and told him that since the death of Zhang Daoling, the great founder of the Way of the Celestial Master ("Tradition of the Celestial Master of the Mighty Commonwealth of Orthodox Oneness") sect of Taoism, the sect had been corrupted by false doctrines. Kou was awarded Zhang Daoling's old title of tianshi ("celestial master") and was charged in the vision with eliminating excesses in Taoist rituals. Accordingly, Kou began to attempt to curb the orgiastic practices and mercenary spirit that had become associated with Taoist rites and to place greater emphasis on hygienic ritual and good works.

Kou gained many adherents and, by making Taoism into a more orthodox doctrine, attracted the attention of Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei. In 423 Kou had the title of tianshi conferred upon himself by Imperial decree, thereby establishing the "Taoist papacy": the title was passed to the church's leader from generation to generation in an unbroken line. By conspiring with certain court officials, Kou's patron Cui Hao was able to have Buddhism, Taoism's chief competitor, proscribed from the realm and all its practitioners subjected to a bloody persecution. Taoism then became the official religion of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

But Kou's efforts were only temporarily effective: Buddhism soon returned to north China, after the deaths of Cui Hao and Emperor Taiwu and the accession of Taiwu's devoutly Buddhist grandson Emperor Wencheng. Moreover, because orgiastic Taoist rites were still noted as late as the Tang dynasty, many observers view his reforms as transitory.

Kou Qianzhi was the leader of the Celestial Masters north branch.

Celestial Masters north branch under Kou Qianzhi worshipped divinities described in the 魏書 Book of Wei. Yin Xi and the Elder Lord are absent from the Celestial Masters of Kou Qianzhi.

An anti Buddhist plan was concocted by the Celestial Masters under Kou Qianzhi along with Cui Hao under the Taiwu Emperor. The Celestial Masters of the north urged the persecution of Buddhists under the Taiwu Emperor in the Northern Wei, attacking Buddhism and the Buddha as wicked and as anti stability and anti family. Anti Buddhism was the position of Kou Qianzhi. There was no ban on the Celestial Masters despite the nofullfilment of Cui Hao and Kou Qianzhi's agenda in their anti Buddhist campaign.

title: Kou Qianzhi


text:
Talk:J. C. Tremblay

Untitled
Hm. Does anyone out there have a death date for Tremblay? Total Hockey reports him deceased, but I can't find anything. Ravenswing 05:42, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:J. C. Tremblay


text:
Category talk:American politician stubs

Untitled
I see that there is a Maryland subcategory for this. Should we create stub-sub-categories for all 50 states? Runnerupnj 05:43, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

I added a California subcategory but I'm not sure how to find things to put in it other than trial-and-error in the main American-politician-stub category, which would make more sense if we had all 50 states available. icydid 18:55, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Hello, I've been creating quite a few am pol stubs as I write or expand articles about federal government. I think it would be usefull to divide them by state. I'm going to start a list here until officially start new stubs.--FloNight 06:44, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

I working on sorting the A's on the American politician list by state.--FloNight 13:21, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Alabama

 * Albert Patterson
 * Alex W. McAllister
 * Alexander White (Alabama)
 * Andrew B. Moore

Alaska

 * Alfred P. Swineford
 * Andre Marrou

Florida

 * Abraham K. Allison
 * Albert W. Gilchrist
 * Ander Crenshaw

Hawaii

 * Albert Sydney Willis

Illinois

 * Adolph Joachim Sabath
 * Alexander Lloyd
 * Alson Sherman

Indiana

 * Albert J. Beveridge
 * Allan Hubbard

Iowa

 * Albert Baird Cummins

Kansas

 * Andrew Frank Schoeppel

Louisiana

 * Aaron Broussard
 * Allen J. Ellender

Massachusetts

 * Allen T. Treadway

Minnesota
A. C. Townley
 * Amy Klobuchar

Mississippi

 * Abram M. Scott
 * Albert G. Brown
 * Andrew H. Longino

Missouri

 * Abraham J. Williams
 * Adam Levine (press aide)
 * Alexander McNair

Nebraska

 * Al Veys

New Hampshire

 * Albert O. Brown

New Jersey

 * Albio Sires
 * Alfred E. Driscoll
 * Alfred E. Steele
 * Andrew Hamilton (New Jersey)

New York

 * Allard K. Lowenstein
 * Alton B. Parker

North Carolina

 * A. B. Swindell
 * Alex Warner
 * Alfred Moore Scales
 * Allen Jones (delegate)
 * Alma S. Adams
 * Alson Sherman
 * Andrew C. Brock

Ohio

 * Abner Orick
 * Alicia Reese

Oregon

 * A. C. Gibbs
 * Albert Conrad Ullman
 * Alfred B. Meacham

Pennsylvania

 * Alan Sandals
 * Albert F. Sabo
 * Alexander Colwell White
 * Alfred Atherton
 * Amos Ellmaker

South Carolina

 * Alonzo J. Ransier
 * Alex Sanders (politician)
 * Andrew Butler

Tennessee

 * Albert S. Marks

Texas

 * Al Green (politician)
 * Andrew J. Hamilton

Utah
Allan Howe

Virginia

 * A. Linwood Holton Jr.
 * Abraham B. Venable
 * Absalom Willis Robertson
 * Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart
 * Alexander White (Virginia)
 * Alfred M. Monfalcone

Washington

 * Alex Alben

Wisconsin

 * Albert G. Schmedeman
 * Alexander Mitchell (politician)
 * Alexander Randall

Washington, DC

 * Adrian Fenty
 * Alberta Darling
 * Alma Gates

Sorting by state
I am trying to sort US politicians by state, but I am not sure about meaning of the main category and the subcategories. When I encounter mayor of LA, it is clearly local politician from California and therefore falls into the category California Politicians. On the other hand, US Congressman elected from LA is not that clear case. In fact he is US Politician rather than California politician. But this logic would mean that US Politicians category would never be empty and sorted into state categories. The option is to make "global us politicians subcategory. What are your suggestions for sorting these articles? --Jan Smolik 13:40, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I think this is less of a problem, as they do represent a defined geographical region, than someone like Harold Ickes is more well known for his work at the White House than for any geographical region. There are other politicians, Donald Rumsfeld, for instance, that seem more well known nationally than for being associated for any one geographical region.Barkeep49 03:55, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

What are we supposed to do with people who served only at the national level (e.g. cabinet secretaries) and didn't serve at the state or local level or represent a state or district in Congress. Should they be categoried according to their home state? What if they lived in various states? Should we leave them in US Politician and if so is there some way to mark them as reviewed?

How about Washington, D.C.? There are subcategories for all 50 states, but D.C. politicians end up in the general U.S. category. I'm talking of course about D.C. mayors, city council members, delegates to the House, shadow senators and representatives, and any other local officeholders that have articles, not the people the rest of the country sends to D.C. —KCinDC (talk) 20:39, 2 August 2008 (UTC)

title: Category talk:American politician stubs


text:
Kōsei Inoue

Kosei Inoue (井上 康生) is a Japanese judoka. He won the gold medal in the under 100 kg class at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He is well known for his specialty throws, Uchi Mata (内股, inner thigh throw) and Ōuchi gari (大内刈, major inner reap).

He is considered by the Judo community as one of the best competitive judoka. His notable accomplishments include three golds at the World Championships and All Japan Championships (one of four Judokas who have accomplished this).

His older brother, Tomokazu Inoue is also judoka and former Asian champion.

He is affiliated with Sohgo Security Services (Alsok), a security firm.

Biography
Kosei Inoue won the gold medal at the 2000 Sydney Olympics in the -100 kg division, most notably doing so by winning every single match by ippon. At the victory ceremony, he carried a photograph of his recently-deceased mother onto the podium.

At the 2004 Athens Olympics, Kosei Inoue was chosen as the captain of the Japanese team. He was highly favored to win another gold in the u100 kg division. However, he suffered a major upset and did not place. Elco van der Geest of the Netherlands (2002 European Champion) defeated Inoue at the last minute with a drop seoi nage (shoulder throw) in the quarter final. Movlud Miraliyev of Azerbaijan countered Inoue's o-uchi gari with a ura nage to win the match during Repechage Round 3.

In 2005 he won the gold at the Jigoro Kano Cup, which is an A level contest with many former world and Olympic medalists.

He did not compete until 2007 because of a shoulder injury in 2005 and returned at +100 kg

At the 2008 All-Japan Judo Championships, Inoue lost to Yohei Takai by ippon, which ended his hopes of joining the Olympic team headed for Beijing. He promptly announced his retirement from international competition. Inoue was replaced by Satoshi Ishii, who defeated Keiji Suzuki in the final bout of the 2008 AJJC (International Herald Tribune, April 29, 2008) and won a gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games.

Personal life
Inoue married Japanese actress and television personality Aki Higashihara on January 14, 2008. After announcing his retirement from competitive judo, Inoue was selected by the Japan Olympic Committee to travel to the UK in order to learn English. After living in Edinburgh, Scotland (and training with the Scottish-based GB team members) for 6 months he moved to London to teach at the Budokwai for 12 months before returning to Japan as the Men's Heavyweight coach for the National team. Following Japan's least successful Olympics for Judo at the London 2012 Olympic Games, it was announced that Inoue would succeed Shinichi Shinohara as the new head coach of the national team.

title: Kōsei Inoue


text:
Glomar response

In United States law, the term Glomar response, also known as Glomarization or Glomar denial, refers to a response to a request for information that will "neither confirm nor deny" (NCND) the existence of the information sought. For example, in response to a request for police reports relating to a certain person, the police agency may respond: "We can neither confirm nor deny that our agency has any records matching your request." The phrase was notably used to respond to requests for information about the Glomar Explorer.

In national or subnational freedom of information policies, governments are often required to tell people who request information (e.g. journalists or attorneys) whether they located the requested records, even if the records end up being kept secret. But at times, a government may determine that the mere act of truthfully disclosing that the records do or do not exist would pose some actual or possible harm, such as to national security, the integrity of an ongoing investigation, or a person's privacy. For example, disclosing that a police department has documents about a current investigation into a criminal conspiracy, even if the content of the documents is not disclosed, would make it public that the investigation is happening and could help suspects destroy evidence.

Glomar responses are commonly associated with the United States Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), which generally dictates how federal agencies must disclose information. The term "Glomar" originated in association with the FOIA law. Lower courts have thus far ruled the Glomar response to have potential merit if the secretive nature of the material truly requires it, and only if the agency provides "as much information as possible" to justify its claim. Otherwise, the principles established in FOIA may outweigh claims to secrecy.

Origin of the term
The phrase itself, "neither confirm nor deny", has long appeared frequently in news reports, as an alternative to a "no comment" response when the respondent does not wish to answer. In 1911, for example, the Boston and Maine Railroad told The Boston Globe it would "neither confirm nor deny" reports about its future plans. In 1916, Ford representatives said they would "neither confirm nor deny" that price cuts were in the offing for its popular Model-T automobile. When the governor of Kansas was questioned in 1920 about a report addressing a state official's potential ouster, he responded that he would "neither confirm nor deny" the report's existence.

The USNS Hughes Glomar Explorer was a large salvage vessel built by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) for its covert "Project Azorian"—an attempted salvaging of a sunken Soviet submarine. "Glomar" is the syllabic abbreviation of Global Marine Development, the company commissioned by the CIA to build the Glomar Explorer. In February 1975, the CIA became aware of a story awaiting publication in the Los Angeles Times. Journalist Harriet Ann Phillippi requested that the CIA provide disclosure of both the Glomar project and its attempts to censor the story. In response, the CIA chose to "neither confirm nor deny" both the project's existence and its attempts to keep the story unpublished.

In a subsequent lawsuit, Phillippi requested "all records relating to the Director's or any other agency personnel's attempts to persuade" media to refrain from publishing further stories about the clandestine project. Additionally, she asked the court to demand the Agency to provide a "detailed justification" for the information said to be "exempt from disclosure." The government responded with a motion for summary judgement, which the district court granted, stating that the materials were "exempt from disclosure under the provision of the third exemption of 5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(3). This claim stood, and Phillippi's Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request was rejected.

In 1976, Phillippi appealed, arguing that the Agency "should have been required to support its position on the basis of the public record. This means that the Agency should have to provide a public record "explaining in as much detail as it possible the basis for its claim that it can be required neither to confirm nor to deny the existence of the records." This request was refuted through a Government affidavit, arguing that because an official acknowledgement of the existence or nonexistence of a certain project could "severely damage the foreign relations and the national defense of the United States. However, the affidavit used was actually already submitted in another case, Military Audit Project v. Bush, 418 F. Supp 876 (D.D.C. 1976) (where the plaintiff wanted copies of contracts for construction and operation of Glomar Explorer). In its holding, the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit stated that "we cannot sustain summary judgment for the [Government] on the basis of documents filed (the Military Audit Project affidavit) in a separate case concerned with different, although related, issues." The case was remanded.

Although the Ford administration was replaced by the Carter administration in 1977 after the 1976 presidential election, and the government's position on the matter changed, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the grant of summary judgement in favor of the CIA.

The "Glomar response" precedent still stood, and has since had bearing in FOIA cases such as in the 2004 lawsuit American Civil Liberties Union v. Department of Defense, wherein Federal Judge Alvin Hellerstein rejected the Department of Defense and CIA's use of the Glomar response in refusing to release documents and photos depicting abuse at Abu Ghraib prison.

According to a Radiolab podcast, the original text of the Glomar response was written by the Associate General Counsel at the CIA, under the pseudonym of Walt Logan. So as not to divulge to the Soviet Union either what the CIA knew or did not know, the response read:

"We can neither confirm nor deny the existence of the information requested but, hypothetically, if such data were to exist, the subject matter would be classified, and could not be disclosed."

The original text of the CIA's reply of May 21, 1975, to Phillippi's FOIA request, seems to have been: Mr. Duckett has determined that, in the interest of national security, involvement by the U.S. Government in the activities which are the subject matter of your request can neither be confirmed nor denied. Therefore, he has determined that the fact of the existence or non-existence of any material or documents that may exist which would reveal any CIA connection or interest in the activities of the Glomar Explorer is duly classified Secret in accordance with criteria established by Executive Order 11652. Acknowledgement of the existence or non-existence of the information you request could reasonably be expected to result in the compromise of important intelligence operations and significant scientific and technological developments relating to the national security, and might also result in a disruption in foreign relations significantly affecting the national security.

In 2014, the CIA opened its Twitter account with, "We can neither confirm nor deny that this is our first tweet."

title: Glomar response