text:
Elisabeta Lipă

Elisabeta Lipă (née Oleniuc on 26 October 1964) is a retired rower and government official from Romania. She is the most decorated rower in the history of the Olympics, winning five gold, two silver and one bronze medals. She holds the record amongst rowers for the most years between gold medals, at 20 years.

Since 2004, Lipă has served in various government positions including Minister of Youth and Sport under Dacian Cioloș from 2015 to 2017. Since 2009, she has also served as the president of the Romanian Rowing Federation and the Dinamo București Sports Club.

Career

Lipă made her debut at the age of 19 at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, where she won her first gold medal in the double sculls event. She won her most recent gold medal in the eight at the Athens Summer Olympics in 2004. She is the only person to win a gold medal in the two premiere rowing events: the single scull and the eight. She is also one of very few women to win a gold medal in both a sculling (two oars per person) and a sweep (one oar per person) event. (Canada's Kathleen Heddle and Marnie McBean accomplished the same, sculling and sweep gold medals, in 1992 and 1996.)

In 2004, she became the first female rower and the second rower overall to compete at six Olympics. This was first done by Czechoslovak rower Jiří Pták (cox) in 1992 and equalled in 2008 by Canadian Lesley Thompson (cox), Estonian Jüri Jaanson, and Australian James Tomkins.

Later life
In 2008 she was awarded the Thomas Keller Medal at the Rowing World Cup in Lucerne and became an honorary citizen of her native town Siret. From November 2015 to January 2017, she served as the Romanian Minister of Youth and Sport in the Cioloș Cabinet.

title: Elisabeta Lipă


text:
Whatever Gets You thru the Night

"Whatever Gets You thru the Night" is a song written by John Lennon, released as a single in 1974 on Apple Records, catalogue number Apple 1874 in the United States and Apple R5998 in the United Kingdom. In the U.S. it peaked at No. 1 on all three record charts: Billboard Hot 100, Cashbox, and Record World, and at No. 36 in the UK. It was the lead single for Lennon's album Walls and Bridges; in the UK the single was released on the same day as the album. "Whatever Gets You thru the Night" was Lennon's only solo No. 1 single in the United States during his lifetime, making him the last member of the Beatles to finally reach the top of the charts. In Canada, the single spent two weeks at No. 2, and became the 30th biggest hit of 1974.

Writing
The inspiration for the lyrics came from late-night television. In December 2005, May Pang told Radio Times: 'At night [Lennon] loved to channel-surf, and would pick up phrases from all the shows. One time, he was watching Reverend Ike, a famous black evangelist, who was saying, 'Let me tell you guys, it doesn't matter, it's whatever gets you through the night.' John loved it and said, 'I've got to write it down or I'll forget it.' He always kept a pad and pen by the bed. That was the beginning of "Whatever Gets You thru the Night".'

The music was inspired by the No. 1 single at the time, "Rock Your Baby" by George McCrae. Although the released track bears little resemblance, the inspiration is more apparent on the alternative version released on John Lennon Anthology.

Content
The recording featured Elton John on harmony vocals and piano. While in the studio, Elton bet Lennon that the song would top the charts, and such was Lennon's scepticism that Elton secured from him a promise to appear on stage at one of his performances, should the record indeed hit No. 1. When the record did achieve that feat, Lennon appeared at John's Thanksgiving performance at Madison Square Garden on 28 November 1974. It was Lennon's last major concert appearance.

"Whatever Gets You thru the Night" was not Lennon's first choice for a single. It was chosen by Capitol Records vice-president Al Coury, who had recently worked his singles 'magic' with Paul McCartney's album Band on the Run. Lennon created a promotional film for the song, in which he lip-synced the first verse while walking through Manhattan.

In 1991, Yoko Ono created an alternate video for the song that appeared the following year on The John Lennon Video Collection. The video features animations of Lennon's drawings, which were lifted from the 1986 short film The John Lennon Sketchbook and directed by John Canemaker.

In 2007, Yoko Ono granted Amnesty International the opportunity to have a number of bands cover Lennon's solo songbook, which included this song. Los Lonely Boys and Les Trois Accords performed it as the second single from the Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur album.

The live recording with the Elton John Band was released in 1981 on the EP 28 November 1974. The recording is also available on the box set Lennon (1990) and the 1996 expanded/remastered edition of Elton's album Here and There (1976).

Reception
Cash Box stated, "The production is excellent and the arrangement is full, using diverse instrumentation. Lennon's lyric as always is catchy and the driving rhythms have this moving up extra fast."

Personnel
The musicians who performed on the original recording were:
 * John Lennon – lead vocals, guitar
 * Elton John – harmony vocals, piano, organ
 * Ken Ascher – clavinet
 * Jesse Ed Davis – electric guitar
 * Eddie Mottau – acoustic guitar
 * Klaus Voormann – bass
 * Jim Keltner – drums
 * Arthur Jenkins – percussion
 * Bobby Keys – tenor saxophone
 * Ron Aprea – alto saxophone

The musicians who performed on the 1974 live recording largely comprised Elton John's band:
 * John Lennon – guitar, vocals
 * Elton John – harmony vocal, piano
 * Davey Johnstone – guitar
 * Dee Murray – bass
 * Nigel Olsson – drums
 * Ray Cooper – percussion
 * The Muscle Shoals Horns

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Whatever Gets You thru the Night


text:
Family car

A family car is a car classification used in Europe to describe normally-sized cars. The name comes from the marketed use of these cars to carry a whole family, locally or on vacations. Most family cars are hatchbacks or sedans, although there are MPVs, estates and cabriolets with the same structure as with the other body style. The term covers two types of family cars.

title: Family car


text:
Jeremiah Ratliff

Jeremiah Jerome Ratliff (born August 29, 1981), formerly known as Jay Ratliff, is an American former professional football player who was a nose tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys and Chicago Bears. He played college football for the Auburn Tigers and was selected by the Cowboys in the seventh round of the 2005 NFL draft.

Early life
Ratliff attended Lowndes High School in Valdosta, Georgia and was a letterman in football and basketball. He earned All-State and honorable-mention All-USA Today honors after catching 44 passes for 701 yards and seven touchdowns as a senior.

College career
While attending Auburn University, Ratliff played for the Auburn Tigers football team from 2000 to 2004. As a freshman tight end he recorded 3 receptions for 38 yards, playing in 12 games (1 start).

He was converted to defensive end as a sophomore, starting eight of 12 games and tying a career-highs with 37 tackles (10 for loss), two forced fumbles and a sack. Ratliff played in nine games as a junior reserve defensive end, making seven tackles, including one for a loss.

After moving from defensive end to defensive tackle in his senior season, he started all 13 games and tied his career high with 37 tackles. He also made four tackles for a loss and a sack. He tied a single game career high with seven tackles at Auburn to earn SEC Defensive Lineman of the Week honors. He helped the Tigers win the Southeastern conference (SEC) Championship and finish 13–0 by defeating Virginia Tech in the Sugar Bowl, in which he made three tackles. Auburn finished in 2004 second behind USC in the final Associated Press poll.

Dallas Cowboys
Regarded as an undersized defensive tackle, he dropped in the 2005 NFL draft until he was selected in the seventh round (224th overall pick) by the Dallas Cowboys, who were looking to play him at defensive end in their new 3–4 defense.

Ratliff played his first NFL game at Oakland (10/2) and shared a sack with linebacker Scott Shanle. He made his first start the next week against the Philadelphia Eagles (10/9) when the Cowboys opened in their nickel package. He was placed on injured reserve on November 1. In 2006, he played 15 games as part of the defensive line rotation. His quickness and relentless drive allowed him to tie for the team lead with seven quarterback pressures; made 10 tackles; four sacks (tied for third on the team); one pass breakup; and one forced fumble. He led the team in fumble recoveries, which tied for second in the NFL.

He became the starting nose tackle following an injury to Jason Ferguson early in the 2007 season and although he was seen as an undersized player for the position, he started to dominate opposing offensive linemen. He was signed to a $20.5 million, five-year contract extension on December 14, 2007, to stay with the Cowboys through the 2012 season. The deal included an $8 million signing bonus. That year, he received the team's Ed Block Courage Award recipient.

In 2008, although he faced constant double teams, he had his best statistical year, recording career highs with 51 tackles (30 solo) and 7.5 sacks, receiving his first Pro Bowl invitation and establishing him as one of the league’s best 3–4 nose tackles. For his solid performance that season he was also named to the Pro Football Writers Association's All-NFC Team. The next year, he was considered one of the dominant players in the league, earning All-Pro honors, after registering 40 tackles (29 solo) and 6 sacks.

By 2011 he signed a new contract extension worth $40 million to play through the 2017 season, but there were already worries that his size and style of play could shorten his career. Discussions about moving him to defensive end never materialized, and his production and health started to decline. At the end of the season, he was selected to his fourth straight Pro Bowl appearance. In 2012 he missed his first game in five years. He missed four games with a high ankle sprain and also suffered a groin injury that put him on the injured reserve list. He finished the season with only 16 tackles.

During his rehabilitation process, Ratliff relationship with the team's medical staff and even with owner Jerry Jones became tense. After his trust towards the Cowboys organization deteriorated, he hired an independent physician and started to rehab on his own.

The Cowboys still saw him as key player in the new 4–3 defense, even after assigning him to the Physically Unable to Perform list at the start of the year. After missing all preseason and the first 6 games of the season, the team terminated his contract and placed him on the failed physical list from Reserve/PUP (Physically Unable to Perform) on October 16, 2013. He finished his Cowboys career with 27 sacks, 16 passes defensed and 317 total tackles.

An already acrimonious release escalated after Ratliff’s agent (Mark Slough) held a conference call on October 16, where he publicly stated that it was a serious pelvic injury that would likely take at least a year to heal. On October 23, the controversy heated up when Ratliff was cleared medically to work out for other NFL teams, only a week after being released.

Chicago Bears
On November 2, 2013, Ratliff signed a 1-year-deal with the Chicago Bears and stated that he wanted to be called Jeremiah. He made his Bears debut against the Minnesota Vikings in week thirteen, recording a tackle in a 23–20 loss. He finished with 4 starts, 14.5 tackles (1 for loss) and 1.5 sacks.

On March 5, 2014, he re-signed with the Bears on a two-year contract. His best game came in week seven against the Miami Dolphins, recording a career-high 3.5 sacks in a game. He missed five games due to injuries, but was still considered the best player on the defense, finishing with 6.5 sacks (second on the team) and 33 quarterback pressures.

Ratliff was suspended by the NFL for the first three weeks of the 2015 regular season for violating the league’s Policy and Program for Substances of Abuse. The suspension was a result of an incident that occurred in 2013, where Ratliff was arrested on suspicion of drunk driving.

On October 22, 2015, he was released after what was reported as a heated exchange with general manager Ryan Pace.

Personal life
Ratliff was arrested the evening of January 22, 2013, on suspicion of drunk driving. He was arrested 20 miles northwest of Dallas after he sideswiped a semi-truck. No one was injured. However; Ratliff failed the field sobriety test and spent the night in jail. He was released the following morning on bond.

title: Jeremiah Ratliff


text:
User talk:Marketuganda

Please do not add commercial links — or links to your own private websites — to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links. See the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. -  BanyanTree 18:35, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Marketuganda


text:
Back end of line

Back end of the line or back end of line (BEOL) is a process in semiconductor device fabrication that consists of depositing metal interconnect layers onto a wafer already patterned with devices. It is the second part of IC fabrication, after front end of line (FEOL). In BEOL, the individual devices (transistors, capacitors, resistors, etc.) are connected to each other according to how the metal wiring is deposited.

Metalization
The individual devices are connected by alternately stacking oxide layers (for insulation purposes) and metal layers (for the interconnect tracks). The vias between layers and the interconnects on the individual layers are thus formed using a structuring process.

Common metals are copper and aluminum. BEOL generally begins when the first layer of metal is deposited on the wafer. BEOL includes contacts, insulating layers (dielectrics), metal levels, and bonding sites for chip-to-package connections. For modern IC processes, more than 10 metal layers can be added in the BEOL.

Before 1998, practically all chips used aluminium for the metal interconnection layers, whereas copper is mostly used nowadays.

Steps
Steps of the BEOL are:
 * 1) Silicidation of source and drain regions and the polysilicon region.
 * 2) Adding a dielectric (first, lower layer is pre-metal dielectric (PMD) – to isolate metal from silicon and polysilicon), CMP processing it
 * 3) Make holes in PMD, make a contacts in them.
 * 4) Add metal layer 1
 * 5) Add a second dielectric, called the inter-metal dielectric (IMD)
 * 6) Make vias through dielectric to connect lower metal with higher metal. Vias filled by Metal CVD process.
 * Repeat steps 4–6 to get all metal layers.
 * 1) Add final passivation layer to protect the microchip

After BEOL there is a "back-end process" (also called post-fab), which is done not in the cleanroom, often by a different company. It includes wafer test, wafer backgrinding, die separation, die tests, IC packaging and final test.

title: Back end of line


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Game teens

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Linuxbeak | Talk 22:28, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Game teens

 * A website with no evidence of significance. Friday (talk) 18:35, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Being a teenager with a website about videogames isn't significant enough for you??? Me either.  Delete.--Isotope23 18:46, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete website promotion. no useful content.-71.28.243.246 18:58, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not speediable, though. RasputinAXP   talk  *  contribs  19:01, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * deleteBEST Sight EVER this wuz my vote sum otha faggit changed it first look at the history u will see tha mystery (preceding unsigned comment by --JiFish(Talk/Contrib))
 * My mistake, I was confused by the fact User:69.193.44.60 edited your vote later on. But please observe WP:CIVIL. --JiFish(Talk/Contrib) 12:48, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - nn --JiFish(Talk/Contrib) 11:42, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep!!!the website doesn't only have to deal with video games it is much deeper then that. You may go on our forums and ask the game teens community yourself! There is a bunch of websites on wikipedia. The Game Teens community does not want to be excluded because it may be fairly new and what not! Please, give me a good reason why a website just because it has more people involved with it should stay on here rather then a smaller site?.-- 23:51, 10 October 2005 (UTC) (preceding unsigned comment by --JiFish(Talk/Contrib))
 * Delete as non-notable vanity. Note that the anon who posted above as ezz2talk2 just made a very bad faith afd nomination at Final Fantasy, presumably to prove a WP:POINT... --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 17:09, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * NOTE: The anon above also deleted my vote without comment. Any anonymous editors of this page should be made aware that it is considered VERY bad form to delete other editors' votes.  --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 19:18, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I love the site and think that the article deserves to stay. (preceding unsigned comment by --JiFish(Talk/Contrib))
 * Your opinion might hold more weight if you hadn't deleted a vote from this AfD and submitted a bad-faith AfD nomination yourself. Oh, and you have voted three times. --JiFish(Talk/Contrib) 00:17, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Site made in self-promotion. Articles about websites in Wikipedia are, for the most part, either influential, and/or have/had some kind of significance to a large community. I have just looked at the site myself, and it is obviously not an already well-established website to have met any such criterias yet to be deemed notable for an 'encyclopedic' article. Shadowolf 08:49, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: User:69.193.44.60 now also edited my comments in an attempt to make his three votes look like they are from seperate IPs. I have reverted. --JiFish(Talk/Contrib) 20:09, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete - Promotion, with no real content. Author has been adding competing site pages to the AfD list as well.  Trisk 22:28, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable site. Don't even have their own domain, but use a free host instead. bjelleklang 02:09, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Falls of Glomach

The Falls of Glomach, in Ross-shire, Scotland, is one of the tallest waterfalls in Britain, with a drop of 113 m (370 ft). The falls border Kintail, donated to the National Trust for Scotland in 1944 and subsequently incorporating West Affric in 1993. It is not easily reached on foot, requiring a 20 kilometre trek through remote and wild countryside.

also see -
 * List of waterfalls of the United Kingdom

title: Falls of Glomach


text:
TET

TET/PRAO (Työelämään tutustuminen in Finnish, Praktisk arbetslivsorientering in Swedish, lit. work life orientation) is a program providing one to three weeks of experience working in a real job during middle school (lower secondary education) in Finland and Sweden.

The program is one to three weeks long and takes place in 7th, 8th or 9th grade, depending on the school. Each student can choose and apply to their work independently and has to sign a contract with both the school and the employer. Often students end up working with a relative or friend.

Students working in the program are normally entitled to one free meal per day, but they receive no salary or allowance. Costs incurred by the employer are paid by the Finnish/Swedish state.

The purpose of the program is to introduce students to real-life working environments. TET students normally have a six-hour workday, with only one mandatory 30-minute lunch break. Rules require that no heavy lifting (over 15 kg) be part of normal labour, and there are other specifications.

title: TET


text: User talk:85.102.146.206

title: User talk:85.102.146.206


text: User talk:142.167.225.106

title: User talk:142.167.225.106


text:
Jan Otto

Jan Otto (8 November 1841, Přibyslav – 29 May 1916, Prague) was a Czech publisher and bookseller. He is best known for Otto's encyclopedia, the largest encyclopedia published in Czech.

Life and work
He was the son of a country doctor. In 1862 he began working as a printer. In 1871, he took over the printing press from his father-in-law Jaroslav Pospíšil. In 1874 he opened a bookstore on Wenceslaus Square in Prague, but after 1910, he concentrated on publishing. After his death his son and son-in-law took over the company but after lasting troubles, went bankrupt in 1934.

In the 1880s he started to work on publishing a complete encyclopedia in Czech. Despite many difficulties, he began publication 1888. It was an immediate commercial success, and publishing continued twenty years.

In addition to the encyclopedia, he published other successful volumes. Ottova světová knihovna (Otto's world library) and Světová četba (World's reading), containing some 2,000 passages translated into Czech. Laciná knihovna národní was a series of affordable but quality books from Czech authors. He also published collections of several authors, Brehm's Life of Animals, and literary newspapers such as Lumír, Zlatá Praha and Světozor. He was active in social and political life of Prague society. In 1912, he was appointed a member of the Austrian House of Lords.

Other sources

 * Short biography (in Czech)
 * History of Otto's encyclopedia (in Czech) (PDF)
 * Overview of 19/20th century Czech publishers (in Czech)

title: Jan Otto


text: User talk:71.192.179.22

title: User talk:71.192.179.22


text: File:The Light at the end of the World Album Cover.jpg


text:
User talk:Tigerstripe

Go on, drop me a message and make my day! tigerstripe 18:40, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Konnichiwa! Hajimemashite, Kim desu. Dozo yoroshiku, ja mata ne!

title: User talk:Tigerstripe


text:
User talk:Detective Doggity

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG (talk) 18:42, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Detective Doggity


text:
User talk:Jackstevens

Please vandalise DreamGuy's talk page. Thanks. NightmareGuy 18:42, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jackstevens


text:
Instant Karma

Instant Karma may refer to:

Music

 * "Instant Karma!", a 1970 song by John Lennon
 * Instant Karma: All-Time Greatest Hits, a 2002 album by John Lennon
 * Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur, a 2007 benefit album
 * Instant Karma (band), a 1996–2006 Indian dance music group
 * Instant Karma (record label), a British record label

Film and television

 * Instant Karma (film), a 1990 American romantic drama
 * "Instant Karma" (House), a 2009 television episode

title: Instant Karma


text:
Goat Rocks Wilderness

Goat Rocks Wilderness is a U.S. wilderness area in Washington, United States, comprising 108096 acre of Okanagan–Wenatchee National Forest and Gifford Pinchot National Forest on the crest of the Cascade Range south of U.S. Highway 12. Its central feature is a number of rugged peaks, the Goat Rocks, that are named after the numerous mountain goats that live in the area.

Extinct for some two million years, a volcano with an elevation of 12000 ft once dominated this landscape. The eroded remnant of this volcano consists of rugged peaks that average over 7000 ft elevation. The highest point among them is Gilbert Peak, at 8184 ft with a prominence of 3664 ft. On the shaded northern slopes of the major peaks are the Packwood, McCall, Conrad, and Meade glaciers. The wilderness is drained by the North and South Forks of the Tieton, Cispus, and Cowlitz rivers and their tributaries. The lowest point in the wilderness is near Packwood Lake at 2,920 feet (890 m).

History
The wilderness values of this area were first recognized on February 13, 1931, when approximately 44,500 acres (180 km2) were dedicated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, as the Goat Rocks Primitive Area. In 1935, this was expanded to 72,440 acres (293 km2). In 1940, the area was increased to 82,680 acres (335 km2) and designated the Goat Rocks Wild Area by the Chief of the Forest Service. When Congress passed the Wilderness Act on September 3, 1964, this wild area became a wilderness, part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. Congress added additional area in 1984. Forest Service management is designated to preserve and enhance the wild character of the Wilderness while providing for public use and enjoyment.

Recreation
The Pacific Crest Trail (PCT), stretching from Canada to Mexico, passes through the Goat Rocks. The Washington State portion of this trail was formerly known as the Washington Cascade Crest Trail completed in 1935. In 1968, it was designated as part of the PCT by the National Trail System Act. The Yakama Indian Reservation, bordering the Goat rocks Wilderness on the southeast side, is closed to the general public except for the Pacific Crest Trail route.

title: Goat Rocks Wilderness


text:
User:Red Octorok

Hello, fellow Wikipedians. I have been using this site for years, and I’ve finally decided to make an account here. I’m getting through my junior year in high school at the time of writing this; though I am facing challenging courses at the moment, I’m always eager to learn more by using this site.

I was born with Asperger’s Syndrome. It was really severe when I was young, then it sort of went away for a few years. Though, now it’s come back to haunt me as I approach the end of my high school career, where everything is about socialization and clicks. I can’t wait until college. I’m better at meeting new people than trying to find something in common with the same old people at my high school.

In the academic field, my primary interest is languages. I have been taking Latin for 5 years, I have been tutored in Attic Greek for 2 years (and will be learning Homeric Greek this year while reading The Odyssey). I studied Arabic for 3 weeks at a summer program at Brown University (which was probably the best experience I’ve ever had). I have four alphabets memorized; Greek, Roman (English), Cyrillic (Russian), and Arabic.

I learned the Russian alphabet because I listen to Russian music. I got into it a year or two ago, when I simply got fed up with all of the rap and ‘gangsta’ music that my school was obsessing over. Nowadays I’ll listen to pop, hard rock, metal, techno, classical, electronic, and basically anything (except rap) – all in the Russian language. I don’t know much Russian…if I had a Wikipedia Babel ranking for Russian, it would be less than ru-1. It’s mainly because I’ve never taken a class in it; my experience learning it has been solely through reading websites, playing games, and listening to music.

Apart from Wikipedia, I browse the Internet to read the Something Awful Forums. I’ve been reading the postings in General Bullshit (GBS) for a long time, and I’ve never gotten sick of that place. I’ve read the SA articles on here many times, and it makes me really want to become a goon (someone who’s registered an account there) sometime soon. The thing is, my mom is very cautious about who I am talking to online (even when I’m using AIM, she is always asking whom I am talking to…). If I asked her to register an account on some strange-looking forum, it would be awkward and she wouldn’t understand what’s so great about that place. I don’t know any friends in real life who are goons – if I did, I’d give them 10 dollars and ask them to register me an account. Anything to get one.

I think I’ll share some quotes now from my favorite topics in the SA forums. I have a habit of saving threads that I like to my computer, so I can read them multiple times even if they don’t get goldmined.

'''I deleted autoexec.bat in DOS because I thought it was a racing game that didn't work. This was on my Mom's office computer. I was 10''' Anyone who knows anything about computers knows not to mess with AUTOEXEC.BAT. =P

title: User:Red Octorok


text: User talk:86.136.17.3

title: User talk:86.136.17.3


text:
Lori Bryant-Woolridge

Lori Anne Bryant-Woolridge (born May 25, 1958) is an African-American/Chinese-American author and speaker, known for contributions to the chick-lit genre.

Early life
Bryant-Woolridge was born in the San Francisco Bay Area to a biracial father, Brig. Gen Albert Bryant Sr., and biracial Asian mother, RN Mable Lun. She was raised in both California and Silver Spring, Maryland. She attended Paint Branch High School (Montgomery County, Maryland) and graduated from the University of Maryland, College Park with a BS in Journalism.

Bryant-Woolridge is sister to U.S. Army Brigadier General Albert Bryant Jr; she currently has a niece and a nephew on active duty in the Army. Another nephew is former Obama Administration Department of Defense Fort Hood Shooting Task Force and "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Repeal Working Group appointee and broadcaster Benjamin Bryant. (It was these and many other connections to the United States Military that led to the Femme Fantastik tour's original founding as a tour of military bases.)

Writing career
Bryant-Woolridge made her debut as a novelist in 1999 when she published the novel Read Between the Lies. The book went on to become a best-seller, and in 2000 was nominated for a Golden Pen Award for Best Contemporary Fiction. Her second novel, Hitts & Mrs., was published in 2004, and made the Essence magazine bestseller list. Bryant-Woolridge's latest novel Weapons of Mass Seduction was published in April 2007.

The Power of WOW, subtitled A Guide to Unleashing the Confident, Sexy You (a non-fiction, self-help book), was published in July 2011. "Woolridge comes on like Judith Krantz with a social conscience." Publishers Weekly

Bryant-Woolridge has also contributed to several anthologies, such as Gumbo: A Celebration of African-American Writing (Harlem Moon, 2002), and Brown Sugar 3: Opposites Attract (Washington Square, 2004).

In the Spring of 2005, Bryant-Woolridge co-founded the Femme Fantastik Literary Tour, a book tour dedicated to showcasing the work of female authors of color.

Broadcasting career and Emmy win
Bryant-Woolridge spent her early career in various television production and management roles at the ABC Television Network, Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), and Black Entertainment Television (BET). In 1983, Bryant-Woolridge was honored with the Emmy Award for Individual Achievement in Writing.

Personal life
Bryant-Woolridge currently resides in Virginia and has two children: a son, who attended Wesleyan University in Connecticut, and is the founder and CEO of Playerslounge.co, and a daughter, who graduated from the University of Maryland, College Park, and is a photographer.

She is the co-founder of Mothers Off Duty, a nonprofit women's organization committed to aiding in the prevention of teen pregnancy and the promotion of continued education and parental responsibility. A certified spiritual/life coach, Bryant-Woolridge is the founder of Stiletto University, which promotes feminine confidence and sensual empowerment through its workshops and retreats; and The SOL Innovations Group, LLC a spiritual and life coaching group that specializes in feminine confidence, spiritual exploration, and creative confidence coaching.

References and external links

 * Best-Selling Books: Essence Book Club Pick, Essence Magazine, Essence.com, 2007.
 * Femme Fantastik: Your Favorite Female Authors Team Up, America On-Line Black Voices Blog, 2007.
 * Books that Changed After 9/11, @uthors on the Web.com, 2002.
 * Official Lori Bryant-Woolridge Web Page
 * Audio Interview with Lori Bryant Woolridge on Urban Reviews

title: Lori Bryant-Woolridge


text:
User talk:NightmareGuy

Vandalism
Your only edits so far have been vandalism-related. If this continues, it's likely you'll be banned. Friday (talk) 18:45, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * TGIF NightmareGuy 18:49, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * [[Image:Stop_hand.png|left|30px]]

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Friday (talk) 18:54, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay then, I wont. NightmareGuy 18:55, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

This account has been blocked indefinitely, as its only uses thus far have been to harass DreamGuy and commit vandalism. It's also a likely sockpuppet of Gabrielsimon. android 79  20:21, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * This is definitely not Gabrielsimon. It does not display his usual spelling and punctuation errors, which all of his other sockpuppets have. N (t/c) 21:49, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I know there's quite a difference, but IMO there's at least a significant chance this is GS. His typing and spelling CAN be better when he takes his time.  This user's edits were very short, so it would have been easy to proofread them.  This edit is also (perhaps coincidently) in the middle of a discussion about GS.  I don't know anyone who's as obsessed with User:DreamGuy as Gabriel.  It's all circumstantial, sure, but just as I wouldn't say it's a sure thing, I wouldn't rule it out, either.  Friday (talk) 22:01, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * At this point, the difference is all academic. This username can be blocked for vandalism or for being a sockpuppet of GS. GS has been known to make error-free edits in the past, but I don't care to speculate on this any further. android  79  22:44, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Yet another?
Check out User:DreamBoy. Things that make you go hmmmmm. Friday (talk) 22:06, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

I am not Gabrielsimon - I do not know who that is, and I certainly do not want to get this person in trouble. I dislike DreamGuy, though, to confess I am the same spammer he was after in the first place. Think about it, I put all the things he called spam back into the articles - it is pretty obvious when you think about it. I will stop all molestation of this user if it is so bad. NightmareGuy 22:24, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

I was also DreamBoy
 * Who's also been blocked, thankfully. I don't plan to unblock you for any reason – there's been nothing but admitted spamming and user harassment from this username. android  79  22:44, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * But I am really sorry, I will stop isf you give me the chance. ~ NightmareGuy

 * "Really sorry." "give me the chance." "isf". Now there's the Gabriel I remember. --khaosworks (talk • contribs) 23:20, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:NightmareGuy


text:
Quebecair

Quebecair was a Canadian airline that operated from 1947 until 1986. Quebecair was headquartered in Saint-Laurent, Quebec, now a part of Montreal.

Early years
Quebecair began as Rimouski Airlines in 1947 and flew under that name until it merged with Gulf Aviation in 1953 under the name Quebec-Air. The aircraft in operation at the time were the Beech 18, the de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver and the Douglas DC-3. Operations were mainly based in Quebec and Montreal was added in 1957. Eventually the latter city became the operating base for Quebecair.

In 1958 a fire in a hangar destroyed three DC-3s and Fairchild F-27 turboprop aircraft were then purchased to replace the destroyed aircraft. The F-27 propjets proved to be very successful. As operations increased, the company introduced a new, larger aircraft in the form of the Convair CV-540 turboprop, which were put on the main route between Montreal and Quebec. In later years, Quebecair also operated the Convair 580 turboprop.

During the 1960s, the company took over various airlines as Matane Air Service, Northern Wings, RoyalAir and Northern Wings Helicopter in 1965. The increase in operations brought the introduction of the first jet aircraft, the British Aircraft Corporation BAC One-Eleven, which were put into use on the Montreal - Toronto route in 1969.

Later years
The company took over Air Gaspé in 1973 and acquired more northern routes. In 1974 it bought two Boeing 707s for charter work and also a Boeing 727-100 aircraft. It conducted charter flights to destinations in Florida, the Caribbean, Europe and Hawaii. Charter flights were discontinued in 1979 and the 707s were sold off. According to the February 1976 and November 1979 Official Airline Guides (OAG), Quebecair operated the Boeing 727-100 jetliner in scheduled passenger operations between Montreal, Quebec City and other destinations in Quebec and Newfoundland provinces.

By 1981 the financial conditions in Quebecair had become difficult. All aircraft models except for the Fairchild F-27 turboprops and BAC One-Eleven jets were sold. This was a difficult time for Quebecair and other airlines. It did not introduce the Boeing 737-200 until 1982 when the 737s began replacing the BAC One-Elevens. The 111's were gone by 1985.

In 1984 Quebecair leased two Douglas DC-8-63s for transatlantic charter flights, but these stretched Super DC-8s were not operated very long and merged with Regionair. According to the October 1985 Quebecair timetable, the airline was operating scheduled passenger flights on two international routes, being Montreal-Boston and Quebec City-New York City.

1985 was a very difficult year for Quebecair as the airline industry in Canada was restructuring. The financial situation at the carrier forced the Quebec government (which had owned the airline for several years) to sell the company to CP Air in July 1986. In continuing consolidation involving several other Canadian air carriers, Pacific Western Airlines notably purchased and took over CP Air, which then became Canadian Airlines International in 1987.

Destinations
The 1980 route map lists the following Canadian destinations being served:

 * Gagnon, Quebec
 * Montreal, Quebec
 * Montréal–Dorval International Airport
 * Montréal–Mirabel International Airport
 * Quebec City, Quebec
 * Toronto, Ontario
 * Schefferville, Quebec
 * Wabush, Newfoundland and Labrador
 * Sept-Îles, Quebec
 * Havre-Saint-Pierre, Quebec
 * Baie-Johan-Beetz, Quebec
 * Natashquan, Quebec
 * Kegaska, Quebec
 * Chevery Airport, Quebec
 * Churchill Falls Airport, Newfoundland
 * Harrington Harbour, Quebec
 * Tête-à-La-Baleine Airport, Quebec
 * Bagotville, (Saguenay), Quebec
 * Blanc-Sablon, Quebec
 * Port-Menier, Quebec
 * Îles de la Madeleine, Quebec
 * Bonaventure, Quebec
 * Gaspé, Quebec
 * Rimouski, Quebec
 * Baie-Comeau, Quebec
 * Saguenay, Quebec
 * Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec
 * Val-d'Or, Quebec

And in the United States:

 * Boston, Massachusetts (Boston Logan International Airport)
 * Newark, New Jersey (Newark Liberty International Airport)

Fleet

Jet aircraft

 * Boeing 707-123B (used for passenger charter services only)
 * Boeing 727-100 (B727-025 model)
 * Boeing 737-200
 * British Aircraft Corporation BAC One-Eleven
 * Douglas DC-8-63 (stretched Super DC-8 used for passenger charter services only)
 * Douglas DC-8-54F (used to transport cargo only)
 * Fokker F28 Fellowship

Turboprop aircraft

 * Convair 540
 * Convair 580
 * de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter
 * Fairchild F-27
 * Hawker Siddeley HS 748

Piston aircraft

 * Beechcraft 18
 * Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander
 * Consolidated PBY (Canso model amphibian aircraft)
 * Cessna T-50 (operated by predecessor Rimouski Airlines)
 * Curtiss C-46 Commando (used to transport cargo only)
 * de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver
 * de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter
 * Douglas DC-3 (also operated the C-47 model)
 * Douglas DC-4

Accidents and incidents

 * On December 14, 1972, Quebecair Flight 321 was hijacked by Larry Maxwell Stanford. Stanford boarded the flight in Wabush, Newfoundland, and took control of the aircraft with a .22 caliber rifle. He forced the pilots to fly to Montreal, then to Ottawa, and finally back to Montreal. Stewardess Josette Côté Dishongh was credited with talking Stanford into releasing the passengers and then surrendering at Montreal after the 10-hour ordeal.
 * On February 19, 1979, Quebecair Flight 714, a Boeing 707-123B C-GQBH operating a flight from Toronto, caught a wind shear while on approach to Hewanorra International Airport in St. Lucia. The windshear caused the aircraft to halt its descent while already over the threshold. The copilot who was flying at that time retarded the throttles, however at that very moment the aircraft had passed the windshear zone and the nose of the aircraft slammed into the runway and bounced twice, destroying the nose landing gear. There were no fatalities and minor injuries in this incident. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair and was written off.
 * On March 29, 1979, Quebecair Flight 255, a Fairchild F-27 (tail number: CF-QBL) flying from Quebec City to Montreal crashed after an engine exploded shortly after take off, killing all three crew and 17 out of 21 passengers.

title: Quebecair


text:
Scurrilous

Scurrilous is the third studio album by Canadian progressive metal band Protest the Hero. It was released on March 22, 2011. The word scurrilous is defined as "vulgar verbal abuse; foul-mouthed; coarse, vulgar, abusive, or slanderous."

It is the last album released under Protest the Hero's original lineup, due to the departure of drummer Moe Carlson and bassist Arif Mirabdolbaghi two years later.

Overview
Recording for Scurrilous began on August 30, 2010. Walker stated on his Twitter page on that day: "it has begun" and also on his Facebook page on the 31st that "It is underway", both in reference to the band's next full-length album recording. During the recording process, Protest the Hero posted three studio updates showcasing bass, drums, guitar and vocals. The band has stated that the album will contain a more "progressive" sound compared to their last two albums.

In support of the album, Protest the Hero embarked on a North American tour, with a large number of dates in their native Canada, from March to May 2011.

The band released the first single "C'est La Vie" on February 3, 2011.

Cover art
The album cover is a picture of a 60-year-old painting by bassist Arif Mirabdolbaghi's grandfather, Jafar Petgar, titled "Scurrilous". The painting was inspired by a disagreement between Petgar and his wife that stemmed from "conjecture and scurrilous lies" being spread by a neighbor. The painting is meant to represent the world fleeing from the lies originating from the human tongue. According to Mirabdolbaghi, the piece was selected by Protest the Hero as the cover art for Scurrilous because they "thought the wide and varied use of color in the piece reflected the contrasting sonic landscapes of the music on the album."

Reception
Critical reception for Scurrilous has generally been positive, with the album receiving four out of five stars from Allmusic, who lauded the band for its shift toward more personal lyrics. Adam Thomas of Sputnikmusic found the album to be "a lot less jarring when compared to their past work, with the transitions between the light speed arpeggio runs, tight modern metal riffing, and mathy stop start sections seamlessly binding it all together." However, Decibel magazine gave the album a five out of ten.

Track listing
All music by Protest the Hero

Trivia

 * C'est la vie is a French figure of speech that translates to "such is life," meaning that life is sometimes harsh, but one must accept it. The phrase coincides with the lyrical content of the song which discusses the futility of suicide.
 * The track title "Dunsel" is a reference to Star Trek, which all members of the band are known to be avid fans of. The term is first used in the episode "The Ultimate Computer", where Spock explains that the term is used by midshipmen to describe a position or role that serves no real purpose. This too coincides with the lyrical content of the song.

Personnel
Protest the Hero
 * Moe Carlson – drums
 * Luke Hoskin – guitars
 * Tim Millar – guitars, keys
 * Arif Mirabdolbaghi – bass
 * Rody Walker – vocals

Guest musicians
 * Julius Butty – vocals
 * Chris Hannah – vocals
 * Porter Hoskin – vocals
 * Jadea Kelly – vocals

Artwork and packaging
 * Ben Goetting – design, layout
 * Jafar Petgar – artwork

Production and recording
 * Nick Blagona – engineering
 * Marco Bressette – editing
 * Julius "The Juice" Butty – engineering, production
 * João Carvalho – mastering
 * George Hadji-Christou – pre-production
 * Jonny Harris – assistant engineering
 * Andy Mack – guitar technician
 * Darren "Jeter" Magierowski – assistant engineering
 * Larry Mazer – management
 * Cameron McLellan – pre-production
 * Greg Pavlica – guitar technician
 * Jeff Zurba – drum technician

title: Scurrilous


text:
Armand Eloi

Armand Éloi (born 29 August 1962 in Liège) a Belgian actor and director. He graduated in the ENSATT (school of la rue Blanche) and has created, together with the scenographer Emmanuelle Sage, the Théâtre du Passeur.

Works

 * 1993 : La Chunga de Mario Vargas Llosa (création nationale) Premier Prix des Rencontres Charles-Dullin 1994.
 * 1994 : Le Corps de Léonard de Michel Danton
 * 1996 : Les Noces du Romanode John Millington Synge
 * 1997 : L'Antichambre de Jean-Claude Brisville
 * 1999 : La Balade du Grand Macabre de Ghelderode
 * 2001 : Mais n'te promène donc pas toute nue de Georges Feydeau
 * 2001 : Le Jardin de Perrot de Joëlle Moussafir
 * 2002 : Perroquin de Tim Rescala
 * 2005 : La Chunga de Mario Vargas Llosa (nouvelle mise en scène)

Roles in film, television and theater:

 * 1987 : Spot Ford, publicité de Jean-Jacques Annaud
 * 1988 : La Meute - Jaspard - m.e.s. T. Chauvière
 * 1988 : L'Or du Diable, téléfilm de Jean-Louis Fournier
 * 1989 : Molière 89 - Molière - m.e.s. G. Rosset - Compagnie de l’Orle d’Or
 * 1989 : L'Enfant de l’étoile - Wilde - m.e.s. A. Loncin - Le petit théâtre
 * 1989 : Les Nuits Révolutionnaires, téléfilm de Charles Brabant
 * 1989 : Impasse de la vignette, film d'Anne-Marie Etienne
 * 1990 : Le Gros Lapin, spectacle multimedia de Béatrice Hammer
 * 1990 : La Veillée, film de Samy Pavel
 * 1990 : À quel sein se vouer - Louki - m.e.s. J-C. Hervé
 * 1991 : Antigone - Sophocle - m.e.s. C. Farré - Compagnie C. Farré.
 * 1992 : La Voleuse de Londres Neveu - m.e.s. D. Cohen - Compagnie Théâtre Azimuts
 * 1992 - 2003: Y a-t-il des tigres au Congo? - Ahlfors - m.e.s. A. Loncin - Le petit théâtre
 * 1995 : Les Plaideurs - Racine - m.e.s. A. Loncin – Le Théâtre du Passeur
 * 1997/98 : Liliom - F.Molnar - m.e.s. S. Chévara - Mack et les Gars
 * 1999 : Valentin Haüy – Sophie Bensadoun – film institutionnel (rôle titre)
 * 2000 : Vérités ou mensonges - Bruno Nuytten – stage de formation cinéma
 * 2001 - 2003 : L’Epidémie – Maxime Bourotte – Le Théâtre du Passeur
 * 2001 : Jim la nuit – Bruno Nuytten - Arte
 * 2002 : Ecoute Nicolas – téléfilm de Roger Kahane – France 2
 * 2003/04 : Una Estrella – Paloma Pedrero – m.e.s Pantxika Velez – Arguia Théâtre
 * 2005 : Les Histoires extraordinaires de Pierre Bellemarre – docufiction – France 3

title: Armand Eloi


text:
Timothy Taylor (writer)

Timothy Taylor (born 1963) is a Canadian novelist, short story writer, journalist, and professor of creative writing.

Background
Born in Venezuela, Taylor was raised in West Vancouver, British Columbia and later in Edmonton, Alberta. He studied economics at the University of Alberta and obtained a Master of Business Administration at the Smith School of Business at Queen's University. During his years in university, Taylor served as an officer in the Canadian Forces Naval Reserves. After graduation, he worked in banking in Toronto, Ontario. In 1987, he returned to Vancouver, British Columbia where he currently resides.

Writing career
Taylor's short story "Doves of Townsend" won the Journey Prize in 2000. He had two other stories on the competition's preliminary list of finalists that year, and is to date the only writer ever to have three short stories compete for the prize in the same year. He subsequently served as a judge for the 2003 award.

His debut novel, Stanley Park, was published by Knopf Canada in 2001. It was nominated for the Giller Prize and the Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize, as well as both the Vancouver and BC Book Awards. It was later chosen to be the 2004 title for One Book, One Vancouver. In 2007, Stanley Park was selected for the annual Canada Reads competition, where it was championed by musician Jim Cuddy.

Stanley Park was followed a year later by Silent Cruise, a collection of eight stories and one novella which was a runner-up for the Danuta Gleed Literary Award. His second novel Story House was published in 2006 and made Canadian bestseller lists. His third novel, The Blue Light Project, also a bestseller in Canada, was released in 2011.

Taylor also writes nonfiction, particularly on food and wine topics. He's been a contributing editor at Vancouver Magazine and a regular contributor at EnRoute, The Walrus, and Eighteen Bridges. He has also written for The Wall Street Journal, Food & Wine, Western Living, The Vancouver Review, Toro, Saturday Night, Adbusters, the National Post and the Vancouver Sun. He has published the non-fiction books The Cranky Connoisseur (2011) and Foodville (2014).

In 2013, Taylor took a position with the University of British Columbia's Creative Writing Program, where he now serves as an associate professor.

Taylor's newest book is the novel The Rule of Stephens, published in 2018.

Novels

 * Stanley Park. Toronto: Knopf Canada, 2001. ISBN 0-676-97307-8
 * Story House. Toronto: Knopf Canada, 2006. ISBN 0-676-97764-2
 * The Blue Light Project. Toronto: Knopf Canada, 2011. ISBN 0-307-39930-3
 * The Rule of Stephens. Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 2018.

Short stories

 * Silent Cruise Toronto: Vintage Canada, 2002.

Nonfiction

 * The Internet Handbook for Canadian Lawyers (with M. Drew Jackson): Carswell, 1997. ISBN 0459238353
 * The Cranky Connoisseur: New Word City. 2011.
 * Foodville: Nonvella. 2014

title: Timothy Taylor (writer)


text:
Anna Schwartz

Anna Jacobson Schwartz (pronounced ; November 11, 1915 – June 21, 2012) was an American economist who worked at the National Bureau of Economic Research in New York City and a writer for The New York Times. Paul Krugman has said that Schwartz is "one of the world's greatest monetary scholars."

Schwartz collaborated with Nobel laureate Milton Friedman on A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960, which was published in 1963. This book placed the blame for the Great Depression at the door of the Federal Reserve System. Robert J. Shiller describes the book as the "most influential account" of the Great Depression. She was also president of the Western Economic Association International in 1988.

Schwartz was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 2013.

Early life and education
Schwartz was born Anna Jacobson on November 11, 1915, in New York City to Pauline (née Shainmark) and Hillel Jacobson. She graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Barnard College at 18 and gained her master's degree in economics from Columbia University in 1935, at 19. She started her career as a professional economist one year later.

In 1936, she married Isaac Schwartz, a financial officer and fellow Columbia University graduate, with whom she raised four children. Her first published paper was in the Review of Economics and Statistics (1940), in which she, along with Arthur Gayer and Isaiah Finkelstein, wrote British Share Prices, 1811–1850. She earned her Ph.D. from Columbia in 1964.

National Bureau of Economic Research
After briefly working for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (1936) and the Columbia University Social Science Research Council (1936–41); in 1941, she joined the staff of the National Bureau of Economic Research. She worked in the New York City office of that organization for the rest of her life. When she joined the National Bureau, it was engaged in the study of business cycles. In 1981 her role as the staff director of the U.S. Gold Commission brought her public recognition. Even after a broken hip and stroke in 2009, Schwartz remained an astute and thorough researcher. She was named a distinguished fellow of the American Economic Association (1993) and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2007).

Though she held teaching positions for only a short part of her career, she developed younger scholars by her willingness to work with them and to share her approach (a scrupulous examination of the past) to understand history better and to draw lessons for the present.

Growth and Fluctuations in the British Economy
In collaboration with Arthur Gayer and Walt Whitman Rostow, she produced the monumental Growth and Fluctuations in the British Economy, 1790–1850: An Historical, Statistical, and Theoretical Study of Britain's Economic Development. It appeared in two volumes in 1953, having been delayed by the Second World War for a decade after it was completed. It is still highly regarded among economic scholars of the period. It was reprinted in 1975.

Gayer had died before the book's first appearance, but two other authors wrote a new introduction, which reviewed literature on the subject that had published since the original publication date. They admitted that there had developed what they called an "amicable divergence of view" about the interpretation of some of the facts that were set out in the book. In particular, Schwartz indicated that she had, in the light of recent theoretical and empirical research, revised her view of the importance of monetary policy and her interpretation of interest rate movements.

Research with Friedman
Years before her first book was reprinted, another economist had joined what might be called the Schwartz team of co-authors. Prompted by Arthur F. Burns, then at Columbia University and the National Bureau who would subsequently be Chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve System, she and Milton Friedman teamed up to examine the role of money in the business cycle. Their first publication was A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960, which hypothesized that changes in monetary policy have had large effects on the economy, and it laid a large portion of the blame for the Great Depression at the door of the Federal Reserve System.

The book was published in 1963, along with the equally famous article, "Money and Business Cycles", which as with her first paper was published in the Review of Economics and Statistics. They also wrote the books Monetary Statistics of the United States (1970) and Monetary Trends in the United States and the United Kingdom: Their Relation to Income, Prices, and Interest Rates, 1867–1975 (1982).

The Depression-related chapter of A Monetary History was titled "The Great Contraction" and was republished as a separate book in 1965. Some editions include an appendix in which the authors got an endorsement from an unlikely source at an event in their honor when Ben Bernanke made this statement:

"'Let me end my talk by abusing slightly my status as an official representative of the Federal Reserve. I would like to say to Milton and Anna: Regarding the Great Depression, you're right. We did it. We're very sorry. But thanks to you, we won't do it again.'"

Financial regulation
She changed her opinion on financial regulation. Economists, bankers, and policymakers have long been concerned with the stability of the financial system. In a series of studies in the 1970s and 1980s, Schwartz emphasized that price level stability is essential for financial system stability.

Drawing on evidence from over two centuries, she demonstrated that business failures do not have major consequences for the economy if their effects are prevented from spreading through the financial system. Individual institutions should also be allowed to fail, not supported with taxpayers' money. In 1981, she gained public recognition for her role as staff director of the U.S. Gold Commission.

Other areas of work
There have been other areas of her work including the international transmission of inflation and of business cycles, the role of government in monetary policy, measuring the output of banks, and the behavior of interest rates, on deflation, on monetary standards. In an interview with Barrons in 2008, Schwartz said interventions such as injecting liquidity into markets and reacting to the credit crisis with ad hoc programs were not the answer. She has also done work outside of the United States. Some years ago, the Department of Banking and Finance at City University, London, England, started a research project on the monetary history of the United Kingdom. For many years, she was an adviser to that project. She commented on papers, suggested lines of approach, came and spoke to students and at academic conferences where the work was discussed.

Later work
From 2002 to 2003, she served as president of the International Atlantic Economic Society. She was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2007. After 2007, she concentrated her efforts on researching U.S. official intervention in the foreign exchange market using Federal Reserve data from 1962.

She continued commenting on economic affairs until the financial crisis of the first decade of the 21st century, and criticized the government's response to it, such as Ben Bernanke's support for bailouts and persistently-low interest rates. She also addressed a critique of Friedman by Krugman. In addition, she wrote 9 books in her career, and published over 100 academic articles or comments.

Personal life
She died on June 21, 2012, in her home in Manhattan, New York, aged 96. Her husband Isaac predeceased her in 1999; they had been married for over 60 years. She was survived by four children (Jonathan, Joel, Naomi Pasachoff and Paula Berggren) as well as seven grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.

Her son-in-law was astronomer Jay Pasachoff.

Honorary degrees

 * University of Florida (1987)
 * Stonehill College, Massachusetts (1989)
 * Iona College (1992)
 * Rutgers University (1998)
 * Emory University (2000); City University of New York Graduate Center (2000)
 * Williams College (2002)
 * Loyola University Chicago, 2003
 * City University Business School, London (2006)

Books

 * Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960 (with Milton Friedman), 1963 ISBN 0-691-00354-8
 * Monetary Statistics of the United States: Estimates, Sources, Methods (with Milton Friedman), 1970 ISBN 0-87014-210-0
 * Growth and Fluctuations in the British Economy, 1790–1850: An Historical, Statistical, and Theoretical Study of Britain's Economic Development (with Arthur Gayer and Walt Whitman Rostow), 1953 ISBN 0-06-492344-4
 * Money in Historical Perspective (with an introduction by Michael D. Bordo and Milton Friedman), 1987 ISBN 0-226-74228-8

title: Anna Schwartz


text: User talk:69.203.5.238

title: User talk:69.203.5.238


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Phi Sigma Pi, Beta Pi

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Linuxbeak | Talk 22:28, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Phi Sigma Pi, Beta Pi
Fraternal organizations are notable, individual chapters not. Also, WP:NOT a free host. Delete. RasputinAXP  talk  *  contribs  18:49, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable chapter of a fraternity.--Isotope23 19:07, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; nn -James Howard (talk/web) 15:41, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Spiritual density

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Linuxbeak | Talk 00:08, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Spiritual density
Original research. I appreciate that this has been written in good faith as an attempt to describe and integrate the recurrent belief in levels of spiritual existence/attainment. However, it's not a comparative objective summary like similar pages (e.g. Subtle body, Septenary (Theosophy) and Plane (cosmology)) but an essay expounding a personal take on the topic. Tearlach 18:49, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I don't know enough about Theosophy to know if this could just be moved to something like Spiritual levels in Theosophy if it reflects the views of the Theosophy movement, or if instead it is just OR and a personal PV essay. MCB 04:02, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. When I first marked the article as POV-laden and needing cleanup, I wasn't aware of the articles we already had covering the topic in a more encyclopedic fashion. Anville 09:09, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - view as proposer. Tearlach 09:55, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Here are the Peer_review comments.  My personal preference would be to clean this up with authoritative references, but I’m not at all sure what they would be.  I did some Googling and found myself coming back to this article or another unreferenced page.  Apparently, the primary contributor is unaware, unable, and/or unwilling to make the requested citations.      — RDF talk 21:16, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No authoritative citations. These concerns apply whether this is a free-standing article or as a section in another article.    — RDF talk 21:16, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

 * I wish I'd seen this in time to vote on it. Some of the edits were high quality. Is there any way to extract them for possible inclusion in another article? -- 216.234.56.130 20:01, 26 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/POTENTIA

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedied Wikibofh 15:06, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

POTENTIA
Cruft. Fan created character, no notability, and sadly no WP:CSD exists for this situation, except perhaps borderline 1.3.1 (db-empty). C HAIRBOY (☎) 15:52, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nomination. C HAIRBOY (☎) 15:52, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Fan created cruft.--Isotope23 18:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Not even that. Just cover for linkspam. Speedy deleting. -- Karada 18:53, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Romberg's method

a program in turbo pascal that gives us the integration of a function in 3 different ways: the Romberg's method, the trapezium rule and the simpson rule.

Not Enough Detail
This article should be classified as a stub. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 140.160.11.159 (talk) 15:44, 3 May 2007 (UTC).

The method section needs to specify what the variables n and m are. It is ambiguous. 74.192.24.207 (talk) 05:27, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

Python source code
The python implementation is not very well written. The first problem is that the while loop is an infinite loop that is then broken out of when a certain condition is met. This is not very good practice as the loop should just run until the condition is met. Also the inline for loop finding the sums is also confusing. In general the procedure could use more comments to explain what is going on as it is hard to follow. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.180.15.98 (talk) 19:44, 12 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Source code is not particularly encouraged at Wikipedia, see WP:NOT. So I moved the code here. --Berland (talk) 20:11, 12 November 2008 (UTC)

Python source code
Wth. While True is sometimes the best way to do it because either the loop needs to be run once before you test for a condition, or it's more efficient to break out early than after the end of an iteration. Either way it's a minor detail. I guess the in-line for loop is confusing. But I'd personally rather have some sort of source code, at all, rather than just a bunch of equations to try to deal with. I personally wish Wikipedia would include more practical or leading information, as opposed to merely factual, particularly where mathematical articles are concerned.

As for the comment about Wikipedia not encouraging source code, I looked at that WP:NOT page, and there was only one mention of 'source code' and it said that Wikipedia is not a repository for things that are *merely* collections of source code. Using some source to convey an algorithm to accompany a mathematical concept *does not* seem like merely using Wikipedia as a repository for source code, to me. I was disappointed to see it gone. I only knew it was in the talk page because I went into the history to try to find it. Not very convenient. Inhahe (talk) 21:30, 13 November 2008 (UTC)

Is the formula for R(n,m) right
The formula for R(n,m) when m=1 should be equal to Simpson's rule. If you expand the formula on this page you get (b-a)/6 (4f((a+b)/2) - f(a) - f(b)) but the correct one should be (b-a)/6 (4f((a+b)/2) + f(a) + f(b)). Or have I expanded the whole thing wrong???

Redeemer90 (talk) 03:28, 27 February 2010 (UTC)

C-language implementation
The C-language implementation is quite awkward (check for i==1 in inner loop), difficult to follow (no comments), incomplete (where is the function "Trap"), inefficient (no re-use of the function evaluations from the previous row, use of "pow" for powers of two) and the description is wrong ("trapeze" vs. "Trap").

Is there any good reason for this implementation over any other being there? Would anybody be offended if I removed/replaced this?

Cheers,  pedrito  -  talk  - 10:09 03.11.2010

I have placed an implementation that is usable. Is this acceptable. I know it is preferable to not use code of a particular language, but given that the previous example didn't work is this a viable alternative at least in the short term? KillerGardevoir (talk) 22:02, 26 October 2016 (UTC)

Robert van Engelen suggests the following: there are two errors in this C code. 1) the relative error should be compared  instead of the absolute error. 2) the returned value should be. Also the second inner loop can be optimized by strength-reducing. Remove  and add   before this loop and and update   at the end of the loop body, to update the value for the next iteration of. — Preceding undated comment added 19:30, 18 November 2020 (UTC)

Needs a picture
This article would make a lot more sense if it had a picture of an irregular shape being measured (beneath all the scary notation this is just a way to estimate area)and a chart of the extrapolation written in simpler terms. (4MA -LA)/3, (16MA-LA) /15, (64 MA-LA)/63, ... where MA and LA stand for more accurate and less accurate respectively. This is a simple concept, but the article is so notation-heavy it would give a math professor a headache.JeffStickney (talk) 00:42, 2 August 2011 (UTC)

R(0,0)
Sorry, didn't look wel. Madyno (talk) 22:30, 20 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Romberg's method


text:
WKLZ

WKLZ (105.9 FM) is a non-commercial radio station operating under a licensing agreement by the Educational Media Foundation (EMF), and carries the contemporary Christian music format of its nationally syndicated network K-Love for the Syracuse, New York, area.

History
For most of the 2000s, WLTI was branded as "Lite 105.9" or "Lite Rock 105.9" and had an adult contemporary music format that varied between "soft AC" (during the Lite years) and "hot AC" (during the later "Lite Rock" period). Programming during this period included Dave Allen (mornings during the "Lite" period), Robin Marshall (under the alias "Jayne," middays), Phil Spevak (under the alias "Brian Phillips," afternoons), Bob and Sheri (mornings during the "Lite Rock" time period), and Delilah (evenings).

WLTI made the switch to news/talk, branded as WXTL "105.9 The Big Talker", in early March 2010, following a brief stunt with TV theme songs as "TV 105.9". Gary Nolan was the station's lone local weekday talk program; the rest of the lineup was culled from an eclectic mix of third-tier programming not already heard on its long-established competitors, WSYR or WFBL.

On January 6, 2012, at 10 a.m., after The Bob & Tom Show, WXTL began stunting again as "TV 105.9" airing television show theme songs only. At 1:05 p.m., the station switched to classic rock as "105.9 The Rebel" with The Bob & Tom Show continuing in mornings. The first song on The Rebel was "Rebel Yell" by Billy Idol. Dave Frisina (WAQX 1978-2003, WTKW 2003-2011) was brought in to program the station as a classic rock station with a broader playlist and more local programming. Additional personalities include Roger McCue and Holly Dagger.

On February 13, 2019, Cumulus Media announced it would sell six stations, including WXTL, to Educational Media Foundation for $103.5 million. On May 31, 2019, EMF flipped WXTL to the foundation's K-Love network that has been carried on WGKV (FM 101.7), a rimshot signal north of Syracuse. As a result, one of EMF's other formats (worship music Air1 or classic Christian hits K-Love Classics) was likely to be introduced to the Syracuse market on one of the two stations. On April 23, 2020, the station changed its call sign to WKLZ.

Continuation of former WXTL programming online after the sale
Shortly after the announcement, Cumulus announced that the "Rebel" format would be moved online, with Frisina remaining in his position. The online-only iteration of The Rebel proved to be enough of a success to allow an air staff to be hired for the station.

Frisina was dismissed March 28, 2022, along with the remaining airstaff, with Frisina noting that the station was about to undergo a "transition" and that Cumulus had rejected his offer to continue hosting his specialty weekend shows. On August 24, 2022, The Rebel was rebranded as "The SGNL" and changed its format to adult album alternative.

title: WKLZ


text: Template:Service-company-stub

title: Template:Service-company-stub


text:
Gail Borden

Gail Borden Jr. (November 9, 1801 – January 11, 1874) was an American inventor and manufacturing pioneer. He was born in New York state and settled in Texas in 1829 (then part of Mexico), where he worked as a land surveyor, newspaper publisher, and food company entrepreneur. He created a process in 1853 to make sweetened condensed milk. Earlier, Borden helped plan the cities of Houston and Galveston in 1836.

Borden's process for making sweetened condensed milk enabled the dairy product to be transported and stored without refrigeration, and for longer periods than fresh milk. After returning to the New York area to market another product, he set up factories for condensed milk in Connecticut, and later in New York and Illinois. Demand by the Union Army was high during the American Civil War. His New York Condensed Milk Company changed its name to Borden Dairy Co. after his death.

Early life
Gail Borden Jr. was born in Norwich, New York, on November 9, 1801, to Gail Borden Sr. (1777–1863), and Philadelphia (née Wheeler) Borden (1780–1828). The family moved to Kennedy's Ferry, Kentucky (renamed as Covington in 1814). There, he learned the art of surveying while aiding his father in the surveying of what would become Covington. Borden also moved to New London, Indiana in 1816. Borden received his only formal schooling in Indiana during 1816 and 1817.

In 1822, Borden and his brother Thomas left home and settled in Amite County, Mississippi. Borden stayed in Liberty for seven years, working as the county surveyor and as a schoolteacher in Bates and Zion Hill.

His mother died at age 48 from yellow fever in Nashville, Tennessee, perhaps while visiting a grown child and family.

Migration to Texas
After initially landing in Texas at Galveston Island at the end of 1829, Borden settled in what is currently Fort Bend County, where he surveyed and raised stock. After a short time, he took over as chief surveyor for Stephen F. Austin.

Borden and his family left Mississippi in 1829 and moved to Texas, where his father and brother John had settled. (His mother had died the previous year.) His brother Thomas also settled in Texas. As a surveyor, Borden plotted the towns of Houston and Galveston. He collaborated on drawing the first topographical map of Texas in 1835.

Texas Revolution
In February 1835, Gail and his brother John entered into partnership with Joseph Baker to publish one of the first newspapers in Texas. Although none of the three had any previous printing experience, Baker was considered "one of the best informed men in the Texian colony on the Texas-Mexican situation". The men based their newspaper in San Felipe de Austin, which was centrally located among the colonies in eastern Texas. They ran the first issue under the banner of Telegraph and Texas Planter on October 10, 1835, days after the Texas Revolution began, though the later issues bore the name Telegraph and Texas Register. As editor, Gail Borden worked to be objective.

Soon after the newspaper began publishing, John Borden left to join the Texian Army, and their brother Thomas took his place as Borden's partner. Historian Eugene C. Barker describes the Borden newspaper as "an invaluable repository of public documents during this critical period of the state's history". The early format of the paper was three columns to a page with a total of eight pages. The Telegraph printed official documents and announcements, editorials, local news, reprints of articles from other newspapers, poetry, and advertisements.

As the Mexican Army moved east into the Texian colonies, the Telegraph was soon the only newspaper in Texas still operating. Their 21st issue was published on March 24. This contained the first list of names of Texans who died at the Battle of the Alamo. On March 27, the Texas Army reached San Felipe, carrying word that the Mexican advance guard was approaching. According to a later editorial in the Telegraph, the publishers were "the last to consent to move". The Bordens dismantled the printing press and brought it with them as they evacuated with the rear guard on March 30. The Bordens retreated to Harrisburg. On April 14, as they were in the process of printing a new issue, Mexican soldiers arrived and seized the press. The soldiers threw the type and press into Buffalo Bayou and arrested the Bordens. The Texas Revolution ended days later.

Supposedly, during the war, Gail Borden Jr. helped to design the Baker's San Felipe flag which was flown in the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836.

After the war
Lacking funds to replace his equipment, Borden mortgaged his land to buy a new printing press in Cincinnati. The 23rd issue of the Telegraph was published in Columbia on August 2, 1836. Although many had expected Columbia to be the new capital, the First Texas Congress instead chose the new city of Houston. Borden relocated to Houston, and published the first Houston issue of his paper on May 2, 1837.

The newspaper was in financial difficulty, as the Bordens rarely paid their bills. In March 1837, Thomas Borden sold his interest in the enterprise to Francis W. Moore Jr., who took over as chief editor. Three months later, Gail Borden transferred his shares to Jacob W. Cruger.

Political career and early inventions
Borden was a delegate at the Convention of 1833, where he assisted in writing early drafts of a Republic of Texas constitution. He also shared administrative duties with Samuel May Williams during 1833 and 1834 when Stephen F. Austin was away in Mexico.

President Sam Houston appointed Borden as the Republic of Texas Collector of Customs at Galveston in June 1837. He was popular and performed his job well, raising half of the government income during this period through his collection on importations. Houston's successor to the presidency, Mirabeau B. Lamar, removed Borden from office in December 1838, replacing him in the patronage position with a lifelong friend from Mobile, Alabama, Dr. Willis Roberts, newly arrived in Texas. Roberts' son later was appointed Secretary of State of the Republic. Lamar was said to have known Roberts for 25 years. However, Borden had been so well liked, the newcomer was resented. The Galveston News frequently criticized the new regime about malfeasance.

When a shortage of funds came to light, Roberts offered to put up several personal houses and nine slaves as collateral until the matter could be settled. Two resentful desk clerks were later determined to have been embezzling funds. Roberts was replaced in December 1839, when Lamar appointed another man.

After Houston was re-elected to the presidency, he reappointed Borden to the post. The publisher served December 1841 to April 1843. He finally resigned after a dispute with Houston.

Borden assisted in the original survey of Galveston. Working for the Galveston City Company, the surveying team laid out the east end of the island in a gridiron pattern, similar to major cities on the east coast of the US. Streets running the length of the island, from west to east, were named as avenues, according to the alphabet and in ascending order. Avenue A was the first avenue on the bay side, and this sequence continued through Avenue Q, running parallel to the Gulf of Mexico. Intersecting the avenues were numbered streets, starting with Eighth Street and continuing through Fifty-Eighth Street, which formed the western edge of the property owned by the Galveston City Company. In addition to surveying, he also he served the Galveston Town Company for 12 years as a secretary and agent. During that period, he helped sell 2,500 lots of land, for a total of $1,500,000.

In the 1840s, he began to experiment with disease cures and mechanics. His wife Penelope died of yellow fever on September 5, 1844. Frequent epidemics had swept through the nation, and the disease had a high rate of fatalities during the 19th century. Borden began experimenting with finding a cure to the disease via refrigeration. No one understood how it was transmitted. He also experimented with an amphibious vehicle that he called a "terraqueous machine." This was a sail-powered wagon designed to travel over land and sea, but designed more specifically for the western prairies. He abandoned the invention after a test run resulted in ejecting its riders into the Gulf of Mexico.

Meat biscuits
In 1849, Borden started experimenting with beef processing. He developed a dehydrated beef product known as the "meat biscuit", which was loosely based upon a traditional Native American processed dried food known as pemmican. Pioneers seeking gold in California needed a readily transportable food that could endure harsh conditions, and Borden sold some of his meat biscuits to miners. Notably, explorer Elisha Kane purchased several hundred pounds of meat biscuits for his Arctic expedition. The product won Borden the Great Council Medal at the 1851 London World's Fair, and the same year he set up a meat biscuit factory in Galveston. Entering middle-age with assets, he put these at risk for his newest invention. However, his desired market were military organizations, domestic or foreign, which required easily transported food that did not spoil easily. He prepared promotional materials and arranged for product trials, and demonstrated the preparation of meat biscuits at cooking facilities for hospitals and ships. He invested, yet none of these large institutional customers materialized. Not only did people complain about the taste and texture, but the U.S. Army concluded that the meat biscuits failed to slake hunger and even made people ill. In 1852, Borden filed for bankruptcy protection.

Condensed milk
In 1851, during Borden's return voyage from the London exhibition, a disease infected both cows aboard the ship. (Ships carried livestock to supply passenger and crew needs during a voyage.) The cows eventually died, as did several children who drank the contaminated milk. Contamination often threatened other supplies of milk across the country. Borden became interested in developing a way to preserve milk.

He was inspired by the vacuum pan he had seen being used by Shakers to condense fruit juice and herbs. He learned to reduce milk without scorching or curdling it. His first two factories established to manufacture it failed. With his third factory, built with new partner Jeremiah Milbank in Wassaic, New York, Borden finally produced a usable milk derivative that was long-lasting and needed no refrigeration.

In 1856, after three years of refining his model, Borden received the patent for his process of condensing milk by vacuum. He abandoned the meat biscuit, to focus on his new product. Borden was forced to recruit financial partners to begin production and marketing of this new product. He offered Thomas Green three-eighths of his patent rights, and gave James Bridge a quarter interest on his investment; together, the three men built a condensery in Wolcottville, Connecticut (within modern-day Torrington), which opened in 1856. Green and Bridge were eager for profits, and when the factory was not immediately successful, they withdrew their support. The factory closed within a year.

To ensure against disease, Borden established strict sanitary requirements (the "Dairyman's Ten Commandments") for farmers who wanted to sell him raw milk; they were required to wash the cows' udders before milking, keep barns swept clean, and scald and dry their strainers morning and night. By 1858, Borden's condensed milk, sold as Eagle Brand, had gained a reputation for purity, durability, and economy.

Borden persuaded his former partners and a third investor, Reuel Williams, to build a new factory. It opened in 1857 in Burrville, Connecticut (also within modern-day Torrington). This second factory was hurt by the Panic of 1857 and had trouble turning a profit. The following year, Borden's fortunes began to change after he met Jeremiah Milbank, a financier from New York, on a train. Milbank was impressed by Borden's enthusiasm for and confidence in condensed milk, and the two became equal partners. Together, they founded the New York Condensed Milk Company. As a railroad magnate and banker, Milbank understood large-scale finance, which was critical to development of the business and Borden's success. Milbank invested around $100,000 into Borden's business. When Milbank died in 1884, the market value of his holdings was estimated at $8,000,000.

With the founding of the New York Condensed Milk Company, sales of Borden's condensed milk began to improve. The outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 soon after created a large demand for condensed milk from the Union Army. Officers purchased several hundred pounds of milk for their soldiers. In 1861, Borden closed the factory in Burrville, opening the first of what would be many condensed milk factories in upstate New York and Illinois, which were centers of dairy farming.

Around this same time, Borden married his third wife, Emeline Eunice Eno Church.

In 1864, Gail Borden's New York Condensed Milk Company constructed the New York Milk Condensery in Brewster, New York. This was the largest and most advanced milk factory of its day, and was Borden's first commercially successful plant. Over 200 dairy farmers supplied 20,000 gallons (76,000 liters) of milk daily to the Brewster plant as demand increased driven by the American Civil War.

As the Civil War continued, he expanded his New York Condensed Milk Company quickly to meet the growing demand. Many new factories were built and he granted licenses (for pay) to individuals to begin producing condensed milk in their own factories, using Borden's patent. Despite the quick growth of the company, Borden continued to emphasize strict sanitation. He developed cleanliness practices that continue to be used in the production of condensed milk to this day.

While this rapid growth was occurring, Borden continued to experiment with condensing meat, tea, coffee, and cocoa. In 1862 while operating a factory in Amenia, New York, he patented the condensing of juice from fruits, such as apples and grapes. Borden tried to incorporate these other products into the line of the New York Condensed Milk Company, but the greatest demand was always for milk. It continued as the company's major product.

Throughout Borden's business success, he maintained an eye toward the scientific community. He published reports filled with testimonials of "impartial" scientists who observed and tested his inventions, including the meat biscuit and condensed milk. Borden coupled ambition for success with an enduring desire to produce quality products.

Personal life
In 1828, Borden married Penelope Mercer of Amite County, Mississippi. The couple had five children during their 16-year marriage. Penelope Borden contracted yellow fever and died in Galveston in 1844.

Death and legacy
Borden died on January 11, 1874, in Borden in Colorado County, Texas. His body was shipped by private car to New York City to be buried in Woodlawn Cemetery.

Borden County, Texas, where he had never been, was named for him posthumously, as was its county seat, Gail. Borden, Texas, was also named for him.

The New York Condensed Milk Company changed its name in 1899, to honor Borden. It continued to be a strong corporation. By the 1940s, the Borden Company employed 28,000 people and had a stock holding partnership of 50,000. It dealt with more varied products, ranging from fresh and condensed milk, casein, animal feeds, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins, to soybean creations. A version of the company continues today. Now called Eagle Brand, the company's website cites its origins in 1856 with the opening of Borden's first factory. In 1892, Samuel and Alfred Church, stepsons of Borden, and residents of Elgin, Illinois, purchased and donated the Scofield Mansion at 50 N. Spring Street to house a new library for the residents of Elgin. Samuel and Alfred's only request was that the library be called the Gail Borden Public Library.

The Borden Company established the Borden Award in 1937 and inaugurated it in 1938. The award, given annually, consists of a gold medal and $1,000.

Genealogy
Borden was distantly related to Robert Borden (1854–1937), Canada's Prime Minister during World War I. One of his great-grandchildren was Gail Borden, an American figure skater in the 1932 Winter Olympics. Another notable relative is the infamous Lizzie Borden from the Fall River murders. Sir Robert, Lizzie, and Gail Borden (founder) are fourth cousins, all descended from John Borden (b. 1640), the son of Richard from Headcorn, Kent, who immigrated to the United States aboard the ship Elizabeth and Anne in 1635.

Patents

 * November 14, 1865; Improvements in Condensing Milk

title: Gail Borden


text:
User talk:Claireparker

Welcome
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the Wikipedia Boot Camp, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type   on your user page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

JDH Owenstalk 18:52, 10 October 2005 (UTC) P.S. I love recieving messages!

title: User talk:Claireparker


text:
Kyle Pruett

Kyle D. Pruett is an author of books and columns on parenting, and is a professor of child psychiatry at Yale University. This researcher and practicing psychiatrist was the host of the TV series Your Child Six to Twelve with Dr. Kyle Pruett. He has contributed to Good Housekeeping, Child, and The New York Times. He has appeared as a guest on Good Morning America, Oprah, CBS This Morning, and National Public Radio.

Pruett was also the former president and board member of Zero to Three, an early childhood development organization.

Controversies
Pruett has rebutted the use of his work by various opponents of same-sex marriage, saying that such usage distorted his work or was an exercise in cherry-picking.

Publications

 * Fatherneed: Why Father Care Is as Essential as Mother Care for Your Child - c. 2000
 * Me, Myself and I: How Children Build Their Sense of Self: 18 to 36 Months - c. 1999
 * The Nurturing Father: Journey Toward the Complete Man - c.1986

title: Kyle Pruett