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Auncel

The auncel (auncelle or aunsell’, lit. "little balance") was a balance scale formerly used in England. It consisted of a rod with the fulcrum near one end and a weight that could be moved along the graduated longer arm. The item to be weighed was hung from the end of the shorter arm of the rod. This design made it easier for merchants to falsify the weight than when scales with arms of equal length were used, as a result of which it was banned by Edward III in 1350.

In some British dialects, it is used for the informal weighing of meat by hand instead of by scales.

title: Auncel


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User talk:B*y3o2~AUn1!5

Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. Check out the Simplified Ruleset. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at the Guide to layout, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — if you have any questions, or just want to say hello, feel free to contact me on my Talk Page.'''

Additional tips:
 * Here are some extra tips to help you get around Wikipedia:
 * Always use wikiquette
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 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills, try the Sandbox.
 * Click on the Edit button on a page, and look at how other editors did what they did.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: ~~~. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too. Always sign comments on Talk pages, never sign Articles.
 * Always use edit summaries when editing pages.
 * You might want to add yourself to the New User Log
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Happy editing! --May the Force be with you! Shreshth91 ($ |-| r 3 $ |-| t |-|)  06:09, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:B*y3o2~AUn1!5


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Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Club Korea

Clan Kapitol is a popular gaming group on the internet. You can google them and their members and come up with many results. This article is about an on going joke about mocking korean people. It is a quite popular joke in many gaming circles and IRC.


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Keith Looby

Keith Looby (born 1940 in Sydney, Australia), is an Australian artist who won the Archibald Prize in 1984 with a portrait of Max Gillies.

Early life and education
Looby was raised in the Sydney suburbs of Newtown and Bondi. He studied at East Sydney Technical College (now The National Art School) from 1955 to 1959, where his teachers included John Passmore and he soon became part of the Sydney Push. He travelled overseas in 1960 and lived in Italy and London until 1967. In 1964, he held his first solo exhibition at the Carpini Gallery, Rome. An elaborate pencil drawing was exhibited at the Royal Academy, London in the 1960s.

Australian history and Suburbs of the Sacred
Looby produced two books of drawings and illustrations on the history of Australia: The History of Australia in 1976, with poet David Campbell, representing the history of Australia up to the arrival of the English, with songs and poems inspired by the drawings and by Aboriginal myths and rock engravings of the Sydney Hawkesbury area; and Black and white history of Australia in 1979, in which he interprets aspects of Australian history, beginning with Indigenous Australia before European settlement, and the subsequent effects of settlement on Aboriginal Australia, among other episodes of foundational mythology, Ned Kelly, The Goldfields, The Bush etc.

In 1988, Australian political activist, socialist historian and cultural commentator Humphrey McQueen wrote Suburbs of the Sacred, Transforming Australian Beliefs and Values, an "examination of Australian suburban culture through the artwork of Keith Looby".

Selected exhibition history
Looby commercially exhibited with the Ray Hughes Gallery in Brisbane and then in Sydney from the mid-1970s to the early 2000s. His painting Resurrection (1964) was exhibited in the historical retrospective Federation: Australian art and society 1901-2001, curated by John McDonald at the National Gallery of Australia, the afterparty of which resulted in the ending of Looby's "28 year marriage" with Hughes.

In 1992, Julie Ewington curated School class to playground, 1958-1992 / Keith Looby, at Canberra School of Art Gallery; a retrospective drawing on a long-running series of paintings and prints based on Looby's own school experience, as an early site of social relation, class and institutionalisation.

In 2021, Looby returned to exhibiting with concurrent exhibitions at 484 Presents in Melbourne and Spud Lane Studios in Robertson, NSW.

Awards
Looby has been a finalist in the Archibald Prize at the Art Gallery of New South Wales multiple times between 1974 and 2000: Other notable awards include the Blake Prize for Religious Art in 1973 and the Sulman Prize in 1974. In 1981, Looby received an Australia Council New York studio residency, whilst in 1973–1974 he was artist in residence at the Australian National University. In 1992, Looby was named Canberra Artist of the Year.

Looby documentary
In 2019, the artist was the subject of a documentary film Looby, co-directed by Nick Garner and Iain Knight, produced by Merilyn Alt and Sean Murphy. The documentary featured interviews with McLean Edwards, Julie Ewington, Max Gillies, Adam Hill (aka Blak Douglas), John McDonald, Humphrey McQueen, and Damien Minton.

Personal life
Looby was married to Helen Beresford, with whom he has two children, and abstract artist Kerry Gregan, with whom he has a son.

Keith Looby lives with his partner April Pressler on Sydney's lower north shore.

title: Keith Looby


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Palekh

Palekh (Па́лех) is an urban locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Palekhsky District in Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. Population:

Painting
Palekh has a very long history in Russian iconography, the art of painting Russian Orthodox icons for homes and churches. The village emerged as a leading center of Russian icon- and mural-painting in the 19th century.

A good example of the Palekh school are the murals and icons from the Church of the Exaltation of the Cross (built in 1762–1774).

Miniature painting
Today, Palekh is known primarily for the Palekh miniature. Following the October Revolution with its outspoken atheist ideology. Around 1923, the Palekh masters of iconography began to paint papier-mâché boxes while applying the same principles they had learned from painting icons. Palekh is the most renowned of the four famous villages, the others being Kholuy, Mstyora, and Fedoskino, each producing similar, yet a very distinct artistic style.

Materials
They used mainly tempera paints of bright colors and painted over a black background. The work usually represents themes from real life, fairy tales, literary works, and folk songs.

title: Palekh


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Aundh, Satara

The town of Aundh is situated 26 mi. S.E. of Satara. Population (in 2011) about 3500, home of the Aundh State, a princely state (1699–1947). It is now part of Satara District in Maharashtra State.

The town is known for its very old hill temple of  the Devi Yamai. The Devi Yamai is the kuldaiwat of many Marathi families. The top of the temple has images and idols of various Hindu Gods. The temple complex also contains the "Shri Bhavani Museum". The present head of the former ruling family, Gayatridevi Pantpratinidhi has installed a 7 kg golden 'Kalash' or crown on the pinnacle of the Yamai temple on the hill at Aundh.

Another temple of Devi Yamai is located in the town; apart from the one on the hill.

The Yamai temple holds an annual fair (Yatra) in honour of the goddess Yamai on the Pournima (Full moon day) in the Shaka month of Paush ( mid January). The yatra attracts thousands of devotees. One of the attraction of the fair is the lighting of the giant stone lamp stand (Deepmal). The fair includes food vendors, vendors selling local novelties, talent shows and movies.

The town falls under Satara District and has a Gram Panchayat (Parish council), with a member of the former ruling family serving as the Sarpanch (Head of the council).

Shri Bhavani Museum
This museum has the distinction of being one of the first art museum in India set up by an Indian as an Art Museum rather than as a museum of artefact. The museum contains art collection that  was formerly  owned by Shri Bhawanrao  Pantapratinidhi, the last ruler of Aundh state. The museum collection includes paintings and sculptures of various well-known artists including Raja Ravi Varma and the famous "Mother and Child" stone structure by Henry Moore. It also has various works of art by former alumni of the J.J. school of art such as M. V. Dhurandhar, and Madhav Satwalekar The museum also holds works from the Bengal school. The collection includes casts and copies of many popular western classical sculptures and paintings. There is a small collection of Indian paintings from the pre-modern period especially of the Kangra or Pahadi style. The Aundh Raja Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao Pan Pratinidhi was a really very famous king for many social actions and also Surya Namaskar, he was also a great lover of art ans culture.

title: Aundh, Satara


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Marty Kinack

Martin Davis (Marty) Kinack is a Canadian record producer and sound technician. He is most noted for his work with Broken Social Scene, Hayden and Sarah Harmer.

Career
Kinack was a member of the band Transistor Sound & Lighting Co., who released a self-titled album on ViK. Recordings in 1998.

Kinack toured with Sarah Harmer in 2001, playing guitar and organ. In 2004, working in a studio set up in Harmer's home near Kingston, he co-produced and performed on her album All of Our Names. He was the producer of a number of releases by the band Apostles of Hustle.

Kinack began touring as sound engineer with Broken Social Scene in 2003. He later worked as producer for many of the band's recordings. He later produced an album for the Toronto band The Beauties. In 2015 Kinack was a member of Laser, an electro-pop trio with Lisa Lobsinger and Paul Pfisterer. Their debut album, "Night Driver" was released in early 2016.

title: Marty Kinack


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User talk:Not inspired

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed or reverted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. jni 06:14, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Not inspired


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User:Destron Commander

Special:Contributions/Destron Commander

I run the website, The Book of Titles, which is devoted to listing all the other Batman, Superman publications and a few others.

I also write in my spare time and my stories can be found at Fictionpress.com under user name Destron. You can use the direct link.

title: User:Destron Commander


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Cor Jesu Academy

Cor Jesu Academy is a Catholic college preparatory high school for young women located in Affton, Missouri, in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis. It was founded in 1956 by the Apostles of the Sacred Heart.

History
Originally located in the Italian Hill district of St. Louis, its first principal was Sr. Anita Marie Giampetro. Cor Jesu moved to its present location on Gravois Road in Affton in 1965. An expanded Library-Fine Arts Center was completed in 1987. In 2005, expansion was completed with a new front entrance and courtyard, along with a new building called Clelian Hall. The library and broadcast studio were renovated in the summer of 2012. In the fall of 2012, 10 acres of land were purchased in auction by Cor Jesu. This land increased the campus size to a total of 29 acres, and was the first addition to the property since 2008, when the 6 acres in front of the newly acquired land was purchased. On top of this land, construction management company S. M. Wilson & Co built a $8.9 million dollar gymnasium. This gym added a new student commons, four new classrooms, offices, locker rooms, and a dance studio. This project added 40,000 square feet to the building's footprint.

During a June 9–17, 2012, tour in Rome, the Cor Jesu Academy choir performed for Pope Benedict XVI during the June 13 papal audience and was the principal choir for a Mass at the Altar of the Chair in St. Peter's Basilica, singing the liturgy for the feast of the Sacred Heart at Santa Croce. It also presented a formal concert at St. Ignatius Church in Rome and sang at a liturgy at the Basilica of St. Francis in Assisi.

Academics
In order to be considered for admission to the school, students must score in the eighty-fifth percentile or above in a standardized test such as the Iowa Test of Basic Skills. In addition to its college preparatory courses, Cor Jesu offers Advanced College Credit courses to juniors and seniors in conjunction with St. Louis University and University of Missouri–St. Louis along with Advanced Placement courses in History, Government, English, Spanish, French, Latin, Math, and Science.

Cor Jesu students average a score of 29 on the ACT, nine points above the national average. According to St Louis Magazine, the average score of 29 was the highest for an all-girls Catholic High School. Cor Jesu consistently has among the highest ACT scores in St Louis. Since the 2000-2001 school year, Cor Jesu has had 21 National Merit Finalists and 45 National Merit Commended Students. Ninety-nine percent of Cor Jesu students continue on to college or university studies.

Cor Jesu has been accredited by the North Central Association since 1971. In 1990-91, Cor Jesu was named a Blue Ribbon School of Excellence by the U.S. Department of Education.

Athletics
Sports programs for students at Cor Jesu include: cross country, field hockey, softball, volleyball, golf, and tennis in the fall; basketball, swimming, and cheerleading in the winter; and soccer, lacrosse, and track and field in the spring. The school has won state championships in several sports, and were in 2012 the Midwest field hockey champions, state champions in soccer, and also national high school champions in racquetball.

State championships

 * Basketball: 1995
 * Field hockey: 1982, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2012
 * Lacrosse: 2016
 * Racquetball: 2007, 2008, 2011-2016, 2021
 * Soccer: 1985, 2012, 2024
 * Softball: 1989
 * Swim and Dive: 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021
 * Volleyball: 1995, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2021

National championships

 * Racquetball: 2007
 * Racquetball: 2009
 * Racquetball: 2011
 * Racquetball: 2012

Notable alumni

 * Ann Wagner, Republican US Representative from Missouri, 2nd District
 * Niele Ivey, former Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) player, head coach for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's basketball
 * Heather Maclean, author and founder of Little Laureate
 * Victoria Recaño, television correspondent for The Insider
 * Laura Cooper, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Russia, Ukraine, Eurasia

title: Cor Jesu Academy


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Talk:Thomas Murphy (Irish republican)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 16:27, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Arrested
He's been arrested in the Republic by the CAB. The Lunchbox of Dooom 08:57, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Might I just say that Wikipedia should not offer first-hand news reports on breaking stories. Has this person been found guilty of anything? However, our sister project Wikinews does exactly that, and is intended to be a primary source.--Domer48 18:17, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Your link is misleading. It connects to the "no original thought" policy on wikipedia. Murphy's charge and arrest are reported in quotable news reports, so they are not original research. Also, the section you removed (which I, too found too detailed) did not state he is guilty of anything. If Murphy is a public figure, surely the basic fact that he was arrested and charged is important enough to be included in this article? athinaios 14:01, 9 November 2007 (UTC)
 * athinaios, I agree with you, and have returned the Arrest section to the article. I have, however, shortened it to a more manageable size.  As is the nature of these things, if/when anything else happens on the story, and over the passage of time, it will be expanded or shortened as required. --  The.Q (t) (c) 15:29, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Rationale for deleting unsourced/unreferened possibly contrived Irish name
In line with the majority consensus in this discussion, I removed the reference to the subject's alleged Irish name of "Tomás Ó Murchú", provided by User:Derry Boi, as no evidence has been provided that a) the subject uses this name or b) that he has been referred to as such. There are many forms of Murphy in Irish (including Ó Murchú, Ó Murchadha and Mac Murchaidh). Names are names and there can be one version of an individual's name. Unless we know whether Slab uses an Irish name and what form this takes, this encyclopaedia should make no reference to it as it may help spread misleading, indeed false, information.--Damac 16:40, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Thomas Murphy (Irish republican). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070321101909/http://www.timesonline.co.uk:80/tol/newspapers/sunday_times/ireland/article740263.ece to http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/newspapers/sunday_times/ireland/article740263.ece

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 10:40, 10 January 2016 (UTC)

Move without any discussion
An undiscussed move was made earlier this year, to an article that's been at this location for over 10 years. This move was reverted. The move was made again, bizarrely claiming a stable version. The stable version is the location where it was for over 10 years, I have restored it. Anyone wishing to move the article should follow WP:RM. Mo ainm ~Talk  22:36, 22 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Yeah, apart from your blindingly obvious political bias for reverting the move, the fact is Thomas "Slab" Murphy is now a convicted criminal (not only the title of which you reverted but also the text in the body, you slipped up there!) and - for example - Google search results show more results for his criminal conviction on tax evasion offences than any other reference made to him, including the innocuous "republican" description. He is known for being a criminal now, above all else, so the title aptly reflects that. You claim the title's move was made without discussion, yet four months after it was made you make your own move without discussing it. The titles' move was made in the dates following his conviction - an event - your move was made on a random date. IrishSpook (talk) 00:22, 23 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes, Murphy's a convicted criminal. If the shoe fits... Miles Creagh (talk) 19:46, 23 June 2016 (UTC)

Requested move 24 June 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved back to neutral and longstanding title. Arguments about the subject's criminal record do not help disambiguate him from the myriad other Thomas Murphys. — JFG talk 06:40, 2 July 2016 (UTC)

Thomas Murphy (Irish criminal) → Thomas Murphy (Irish republican) – Article was at that location for over a decade, until a pair of editors have chosen to move war to keep it at a new, undiscussed location. Thomas Murphy is notable for being the alleged chief of staff of the IRA, and "Irish republican" is the standard disambiguator we use for, well, Irish republicans. His trial for tax evasion was extensively covered by the media because of his alleged role in the IRA, in fact I am struggling to find a single source that covered the trial that did not mention his alleged IRA role prominently. If he was just a plain old farmer his trial would have got zero to little coverage at all. He is not notable for being a tax evader, he is notable for his alleged role in the IRA. If a politican with a "politican" disambiguator was convicted a crime we wouldn't suddenly move his or her article to a "criminal" disambiguator, despite the fact the trial and conviction would be extensively covered by the media for the exact same reason Murphy's was, that he was notable for being an Irish republican before and after his conviction. Mo ainm ~Talk  20:39, 24 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose requested move. The article was moved here after Murphy was convicted of tax crimes, which were for personal profit, rather than any political motivation. Also, Murphy himself has always strenuously denied any involvement with the IRA, so there is a potential BLP issue here. Miles Creagh (talk) 21:38, 24 June 2016 (UTC)
 * His being a Republican is not in question and being one doesn't mean that he is in the IRA so don't know what BLP issue you are talking about. Also he is notable for being a Republican and not as a criminal. Mo ainm ~Talk  22:01, 24 June 2016 (UTC)
 * "Also he is notable for being a Republican and not as a criminal" - totally untrue, as I completely dismantled that unfounded assertion below. IrishSpook (talk) 23:04, 24 June 2016 (UTC)

 * I haven't seen sources that verify any notable Republican activity other than his alleged involvement in planning and directing IRA violence over many years, which he denies, claiming he is "just a simple farmer who knows nothing about the IRA". So he has never been convicted of anything in regard to IRA activity, and he denies it. He is however a convicted tax evader in the RoI, and as such certainly an Irish criminal. Miles Creagh (talk) 23:44, 24 June 2016 (UTC)
 * With the 9 million google hits argument? Mo ainm  ~Talk  23:40, 24 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Yup. Or to make it more specific using his unique and clearly distinguishable nickname (not "a lawyer in Wisconsin", see below) thomas slab murphy criminal: "About 295,000 results" v thomas slab murphy republican: "About 136,000 results". IrishSpook (talk) 23:46, 24 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Also, the Republican activity that many sources attribute to him is his planning and direction of IRA violence, which would itself of course be a very serious crime and one he strenuously denies. Miles Creagh (talk) 23:50, 24 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I agree, Biographies of living persons issue here. IrishSpook (talk) 23:53, 24 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Since when is being called a Republican a BLP issue? Glad to see though you have dropped the ludicrous 9 million hits argument. Mo ainm  ~Talk  23:56, 24 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Well, like I say, the Republican activity attributed to him in various sources is exclusvely involvement in illegal IRA violence - unless there is a record of service as a Sinn Fein councillor somewhere I am completely missing? The BLP issue is that he is being associated with very serious crimes, which he denies and with which he has not been charged with let alone convicted for, and which are far worse than the tax evasion he has actually been convicted for. It must be very upsetting for him, as a simple farmer who knows nothing about the IRA, to be the subject of such sensationalist and titillating claims about kinky torture chambers and what-have-you. Miles Creagh (talk) 00:03, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Also as regards BLP it should be important to note that Murphy brought a libel case against The Sunday Times newspaper in 1998 after that publication described him as a prominent IRA member who was directing an IRA bombing campaign in Britain. He lost this libel suit, however a few months later one of the men who gave evidence against him in the libel case, Eamon Collins (himself a former IRA man) was murdered by having a spike driven through his face in the outbuildings of a farm. That's about as serious as a BLP issue gets in my opinion. IrishSpook (talk) 00:11, 25 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose requested move. Apart from the editor's blindingly obvious political bias for attempting to 'tone down' the Thomas "Slab" Murphy article (which the editor has shown a pattern of these biased edits) from him being a convicted "criminal" - which he indeed is - to being an innocuous "republican" which has a far more ambiguous and political meaning (he was arrested, charged, convicted and sentenced for being a criminal, not a republican!), it is clear that in the media and public arena that this individual is far better known now for being a convicted criminal than he ever was for being a "republican". "Slab" Murphy was never the public face of anything "republican" (political or paramilitary) because he did his utmost to stay out of the media spotlight (see this). In fact only when his criminal trial began were the first published images of Murphy. The title's move from "Thomas Murphy (Irish republican)" to "Thomas Murphy (Irish criminal)" was clearly predicated by an event - his criminal conviction, and supported by numerous references, while User:Mo ainm's reversion was predicated four months later by absolutely nothing, zilch, zero... nada. The number of reports of Murphy's criminal charge, trial and conviction far outweighs any reporting on his so-called "republican" activity. A quick Google search for Thomas Murphy criminal shows up over 9 million results, a search for Thomas Murphy republican shows up just 500,000 results, almost twenty times less. The editor also removed sourced content with this edit of the inline description of Murphy being a convicted criminal and replaced it with the description of him being just simply an "Irish republican", a rather embarrassing slip up where the editor showed his true colours and broke from neutrality. IrishSpook (talk) 23:01, 24 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Please be civil and keep your arguments regarding this move request based on article title policy, also you clearly have no idea how google works if you think that the 9 million hits that are returned all pertain to this person quick look at them and it is everything from ancestry.com to a lawyer in Wisconsin. Mo ainm  ~Talk  23:11, 24 June 2016 (UTC)
 * "Please be civil and keep your arguments regarding this move request based on article title policy, also you clearly have no idea how google works if you think that..." ...I think that's called a contradiction. You have completely failed to back up your unfounded and untrue assertion that "he is notable for being a Republican and not as a criminal". This simply isn't true. Also I'm not going to shy away or be bullied by technicalities for pointing out your clear political bias which contravenes Neutral point of view. The number of news articles for his involvement in criminality far outweighs any about republican actives, as convenient as it might be for some to wave the flag of republicanism for criminal and personal gains. IrishSpook (talk) 23:18, 24 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Can you back up your claim that google returns 9 million hits for this person? And once again please remain civil and keep your argument based on our article title policy and not what you perceive my intentions to be. Mo ainm  ~Talk  23:35, 24 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Maybe address the issue at hand rather than go off on a tangent about civility - sign of a losing argument. Thomas Murphy criminal shows up over 9 million results, a search for Thomas Murphy republican shows up just 500,000 results, almost twenty times less. You haven't provided any alternative to back up your clearly untrue claim that "he is notable for being a Republican and not as a criminal". IrishSpook (talk) 23:40, 24 June 2016 (UTC)
 * So you are going to persist in your assertion that everyone of those 9 million hits are about him are you? Mo ainm  ~Talk  23:42, 24 June 2016 (UTC)
 * To make it more specific using his unique and clearly distinguishable nickname thomas slab murphy criminal: "About 295,000 results" v thomas slab murphy republican: "About 136,000 results". Or see 320,000 results for thomas slab murphy tax v 136,000 for "republican"... about a margin of 3:1. IrishSpook (talk) 23:47, 24 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Have a look at this about the search engine test. Mo ainm  ~Talk
 * 1. It only backs up my point. 2. It is totally irrelevant. If you want to bring some links in actually regarding Murphy, that would be welcome. IrishSpook (talk) 00:13, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Strange you think that the link I provided backs up your Google argument when it clearly states "As such, Google is specifically not a source of neutral titles – only of popular ones. Neutrality is mandatory on Wikipedia (including deciding what things are called) even if not elsewhere, and specifically, neutrality trumps popularity." Mo ainm  ~Talk  11:09, 25 June 2016 (UTC)

Let's examine your search for thomas murphy criminal, for example the results from page 1.

 * Link 1 is this article.
 * Link 2 describes him as "Reputed former chief of Provisional IRA", and "Co Louth republican". The uses of criminal are "Thomas Murphy arriving at the Special Criminal Court " in a photo caption, "Murphy will serve his sentence in the high security prison in Portlaoise alongside dissident republicans and gangland criminals", " at the three-judge Special Criminal Court", "on trial in the Special Criminal Court"
 * Link 3 describes him as "Alleged former IRA chief of staff", "bachelor farmer and self-confessed republican" and "alleged Provo chief". The uses of criminal are "Thomas 'Slab' Murphy arriving for his sentencing hearing at the Special Criminal Court" in a photo caption, "by the Special Criminal Court", and "Thomas 'Slab' Murphy at the Special Criminal Court" in another photo caption
 * Link 4 describes him as "border bandit", "bachelor farmer and alleged former IRA chief of staff", "a leading paramilitary" and " former IRA man", The uses of criminal are "at the Special Criminal Court" and "I believe criminal groups operating from the south Armagh area"
 * Link 5 describes him as "has been widely described as a ‘prominent republican’", "has faced allegations of being the former chief of staff of the IRA", "“prominent member” of the IRA", The uses of criminal are "Special Criminal Court" (several uses), "Criminal Assets Bureau", "People who were involved in the IRA are not criminals"
 * Link 6 is just all articles tagged as relating to Murphy
 * Link 7 is An Phoblacht. I won't bother with the terminology that uses, as you'll only say they are hardly neutral
 * Link 8 describes him as "alleged former chief of staff of the Irish Republican Army" and "Prominent republican". The uses of criminal are "Thomas Murphy arrives for sentencing at the Special Criminal Court in Dublin" in a photo caption, "Special Criminal Court", "Criminal Assets Bureau" and "Criminal Justice Act"
 * Link 9 describes him as a "Co Louth republican". The uses of criminal are "Special Criminal Court" (multiple uses)

The results don't really support your argument do they? I haven't even mentioned the numerous other hits that google return which are not in the slightest anything to do with this person, this is why we don't use google searches. Also do you notice the recurring theme in all the the results you use in your argument, if you don't I will tell you it is that he is a prominent Republican. Mo ainm ~Talk  11:01, 25 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Questioning my understanding of how the Google search engine works and then listing the 9 pages which come up on page 1 in your browser and are different (some are the same, in different order) to the first 10 results which come up in my browser when I search for the same thing doesn't really solve anything. IrishSpook (talk) 23:43, 27 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Support. Irish criminal makes little sense since there is no one at Thomas Murphy (criminal). 'Irish' republican may even be unnecessary (see Ricky81682 (talk) 02:36, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * "Irish criminal makes little sense"? even though he is a convicted criminal? Your point makes no sense. The reference you make to Éamonn O'Doherty (republican) is void because he is not a convicted criminal (yes he went to prison under temporary emergency terrorism laws in the early 1970s but not post-1998 Good Friday Agreement). Furthermore O'Doherty was politically and publicly active with *Republican* (ahem) Sinn Féin, Murphy has never been publicly active in politics. IrishSpook (talk) 16:15, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I'm curious IrishSpook why is Ray Burke (Irish politician) still named that? Do you intend to move it? Mo ainm  ~Talk  16:46, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I'm not responsible for all the articles on politicians and criminals in Ireland. Even at that, Ray Burke is hardly comparable to Slab Murphy. Bruke was an elected politician, a TD for 25 years, and held 7 ministerial positions. Slab was never elected of anything (that we know of publicly, openly, transparently) before his criminal conviction. Also Burke's criminal conviction relates to his political actives, Murphy's criminal conviction does not relate to his so-called republicanism. You are clutching at straws at this stage. IrishSpook (talk) 17:20, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I didn't ask you if you where responsible for the article, but the rational you are using as to why it isn't moved is due to his notability as a politician that's fair enough I would agree with you having said that when this article was created in 2005 what was Murphy's notability? Mo ainm  ~Talk  17:32, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * John Gilligan (Irish criminal) is probably the better analog here. Miles Creagh (talk) 21:24, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * How is he even comparable? He didn't have an article before he became a murder suspect because he wasn't notable. This article was created 11 years ago when he was notable as a prominent Republican he is only convicted of tax evasion 3 months. Mo ainm  ~Talk  21:39, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Both are notable Irish criminals, actually convicted of rather less than is widely alleged about them. Miles Creagh (talk) 22:14, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Are you saying that the only thing that makes Murphy notable is his conviction? Mo ainm  ~Talk  22:18, 25 June 2016 (UTC)

 * His conviction, prior settlement of a proceeds-of-crime action against him by the UK and Irish authorities, and many reliable sources, including books and newspapers, which detail his notorious criminal activities are what make him notable.Miles Creagh (talk) 22:43, 25 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Irish republican would suggest /infer that he is politically active, which he is most certainly not and never has been. A case could be made for Irish paramilitary or Irish terrorist, but this would be controversial and no conviction for being a paramilitary or terrorism. He has nonetheless been convicted on criminal charges and therefore the Irish criminal article title is naturally the one that fits and makes most sense. We do not even have proof he is a republican, only a few quotes from Gerry Adams referring to him as such and then being regurgitated by the media - we have however indisputable proof he is a criminal. Bdrgreen78 (talk) 12:31, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * We don't move people away from a (politician) disambiguator when they leave politics, or any other disambiguator for that matter, it's ludicrous to suggest an IRA member isn't an Irish republican and suggesting the IRA aren't politically motivated is also ludicrous. You also state that "...do not even have proof he is a republican" how many farmers or tax evaders have their trial in the Special Criminal Court or get a Garda and Army escort on conviction to the high security Portlaoise Gaol?  Mo ainm  ~Talk  13:09, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Problem is, Murphy strenuously denies involvement in the IRA and has sued for libel on the matter in the past. The BLP issue seems insurmountable here.Miles Creagh (talk) 14:16, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * So you will remove all reference of it from the article if as you state it is a BLP violation. Also you do know that he lost the case. He also strenuously denied tax evasion, so you can't have it both ways, and "Irish republican" disambiguator doesn't mean "in the IRA" Mo ainm  ~Talk  14:27, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * He was convicted for tax evasion. He has never been convicted of IRA membership, and he denies it. You seem to be suggesting he is lying about that, but that's not for us to determine. I would certainly favour balancing the article more towards the dude's proven criminality. Also, is there sourcing for any republican activity other than his alleged involvement in directing illegal IRA violence? I haven't seen any. Miles Creagh (talk) 14:39, 25 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Support I agree that the issue here is notability. Had Thomas Murphy been only a local Irish farm owner convicted of tax evasion, with no previously known ideological loyalties, this article would not survive a notability test. The raison d'être of a Thomas Murphy bio in Wikipedia is his republican or PIRA's alleged affiliation, reflected by an overwhelming majority of sources, not his criminal conviction. I can cite a couple of Wikipedia biographies like this or this, where the notability of the subject is that both individuals were acclaimed actors. The circumstancial tax-evasion conviction of Sophia Loren in 1982, or the controversial charges of homosexuality against John Gielgud in 1953 doesn't make them "criminals".--Darius (talk) 21:05, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Problem is, there don't appear to be any sources for notable republican activity by Murphy other than his alleged involvement in IRA violence, which would of course itself be illegal, and which he strenuously denies and indeed evidently regards as highly defamatory. The John Gielgud/homosexuality analog is interesting, though. I had heard something similar about Murphy, although the article at present notes just that he is a "lifelong bachelor". Miles Creagh (talk) 21:18, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Hi, keep in mind WP:FORUM (sorry for my poor sense of humor :). His denial (or self-defence) on PIRA activities becomes a weak argument when confronted with a myriad of published, reliable sorces, the most convincing Toby Harnden's book Bandit Country, about his role inside the Army Council. BLP accepts sourced statements, no need of 'forensic' evidence here.--Darius (talk) 21:36, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Right, but my question stands: are there any reliable sources for notable republican activities by Murphy other than alleged involvement with illegal IRA violence? Miles Creagh (talk) 21:46, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Remember that the subject here is "Thomas Murphy (Irish Republican)", not "Thomas Murphy (PIRA member)". Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness said of Murphy: "he is a good republican", a matter never denied by Murphy. Thus, even if we consider PIRA membership allegations debatable, his affiliation to Sinn Fein and Irish republicanism is well documented. In the end, PIRA involvement had nothing to do with this discussion, just Murphy's ideology.--Darius (talk) 22:11, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Well, the subject here is presently "Thomas Murphy (Irish criminal)" and Toby Harnden - who you evidently like - details alleged activities involving smuggling of fuel and cigarettes, money laundering and sundry other criminal enterprises, besides his alleged involvement with the IRA. Further, the IRA allegations are decades-old, while his criminal conviction for tax evasion dates to 2015, and his prior monetary surrender of a million euros to the UK and Irish authorities in settlement of a proceeds-of-crime action (for smuggling and money laundering specifically) was in 2007. Are you seriously suggesting that Gerry Adams once or twice expressing the personal opinion that Murphy is a "good republican" provides a basis for notability as a republican that outweighs the multiple reliable third-party sources - including judgments of civil and criminal courts - that document Murphy's criminal activities over many years? Miles Creagh (talk) 22:27, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I didn't cite Adams or McGuinness as reliable sources against Murphy's criminal activities, my point is that they state that Thomas Murphy is in fact one of them, an Irish republican, not matter if good or bad :). As for Harnden, yes, he is one of the best sources for Murphy's criminal career, but he also confirms Murphy's affiliation with republicanism, the real topic of discussion here, not, I insist, his alleged involvement with the PIRA.--Darius (talk) 22:37, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * P/S: "Murphy's criminal activities over many years"...saving for his conviction over tax evasion, other alleged criminal activities are as uncertain as his PIRA membership.--Darius (talk) 22:47, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Ok, so you don't claim Gerry and Martin as reliable sources, and you agree that Murphy's criminal career is well-sourced. You also insist - insist, mind you - that it is not Murphy's alleged involvement with the IRA that makes him notable, but rather his "affiliation with republicanism", for which Harnden is offered as a source. But I have "Bandit Country" here in my hands, and flicking through it Slab seems to be featured mainly for his involvement with the IRA and criminality. What page are you citing for this "affiliation with republican ideology" that you seem to suggest is the real basis for this guy's notability, rather than, say, his alleged involvement with criminality and the IRA, which most of the sources seem inexplicably to dwell on? Miles Creagh (talk) 22:54, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Miles he has been named as Chief of Staff going back to 1997 by Ed Moloney's A Secret History of the IRA, I am failing to see what you are trying to say. Mo ainm  ~Talk  23:17, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * It's actually Darius who insists above that it is not Murphy's alleged involvement with the IRA that makes him notable as a republican. I'm discussing that notion, which I find interesting. Miles Creagh (talk) 23:23, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * "The Murphy, Martin, O'Callaghan, Caraher and Moley clans are all staunchly republican." Harnden (1999), p. 43. See also chapter 'A Pause in the Solution', about Murphy's involvement and influence with Sinn Fein during the period of peace negotiations, as part of the republican strategy. (I have to continue with real life now, see tomorrow :) --Darius (talk) 23:25, 25 June 2016 (UTC)

I don't think it's what he said but that's not for me to say, I'll let him reply to that himself. Mo ainm ~Talk  23:27, 25 June 2016 (UTC)

The chapter you mention features Murphy acting in his alleged role in the IRA, (including instances of him supposedly planning and directing unlawful violence) which above you insisted is "not the real topic of discussion here". As for the reference to page 43, I hardly think that a passing mention that Murphys family is one of several in the area known as "staunch republicans" establishes notability for Murphy himself as a republican. At a minimum, it seems to be WP:UNDUE, given that the book goes on to allege at some length and detail Murphy's personal involvement in extensive criminality and in directing IRA violence. But I think we in any case agree that his criminal career is well-sourced and established? Miles Creagh (talk) 00:29, 26 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Hi Miles, I had to go last evening, sorry for the delay. My conclusion is that Murphy's alleged criminal career - exception made of tax evasion - is as conjectural as his involvement with the PIRA. On the other hand, his involvement with the republican movement and his influence in South Armagh is undeniable.

 * This morning, however, I was glancing through Harnden's book once again and I found a good amount of official documents (from the Garda, from the British Army intelligence and even from two RoI juries) which attested beyond any doubt his PIRA membership back to 1977. These official statements IMHO outweigh Murphys conviction for a non-serious crime. I detail it for your knowledge:
 * 1) Page 40: British intelligence document nº 3/0020 "implicated Tom Murphy in the shooting of Lance Corporal David Hind". According to the British Army report, "Slab Murphy had a hand in the killing". The sniper attack on L.C. Hind was claimed by the IRA, according to the same author (see appendix) and an overwhelming majority of sources.
 * 2) Page 34: Garda profile of Murphy (1998): "Smuggler. PIRA Army Council. Strongly built. 5 ft 11 in tall. Balding." In this case, "PIRA Army Council (member)" is clearly more notable than "Smuggler".
 * 3) Page 440: Two years after an article published in 1985 by the Irish Sunday Times entitled "Portrait of a Cheek-in Terrorist", Murphy decided to sue the newspaper. After evidence given by British Brigadier Peter Morton -commander of a British Company at Crossmaglen in 1973- and several Garda officers, the jury refused to award damages to Murphy in May 1990, and declared that "he was a prominent IRA member".
 * 4) Page 446: After the case returned to the Irish High Court, a new procedure was arranged in 1998; the result: the jury concluded once again that Slab Murphy was a prominent IRA member. Murphy had to face the legal costs.
 * 5) Besides Harnden, there are two interesting statements, one from Gerry Adams, the other from Martin McGuinness which confirm the notability of 'Slab' involvement with the republican movement. Adams said that he “played a leadership role in the development and winning support for the peace process”, while McGuinness stated that "the “amazing” achievement of the peace process “wouldn’t have happened without the work of Tom Murphy”. As for Adams/McGuinness reliability, they would hardly stand up for Tom Murphy if he were just a common criminal.

 * My conclusion is that if we rely only on the 2016 conviction to label Murphy an "Irish Criminal", then we are given undue weight to a minority point of view.--Darius (talk) 13:56, 26 June 2016 (UTC)

 * User:DagosNavy, are you seriously comparing John Gielgud convicted (and fined not jailed) of a "homosexual offence" to Thomas Slab Murphy? An early 1950s conviction on grounds of homosexuality in the UK which no longer stand today, which were outdated and unjust laws, etc. with a modern-day tax evasion conviction??? Or even Sophia Loren for that matter (an actress on tax evasion charges), both Gielgud and Loren were never even implicated in wrongdoing before their convictions, whilst it was widely reported that Slab Murphy was a terrorist godfather who was involved in illegal arms importation, fuel laundering, cattle laundering, money laundering, torture, assassinations, beatings, knee-cappings, fuel smuggling and cigarette smuggling and was described as a "mass murderer".

 * And referencing Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness as to why Slab Murphy should be referred to as an Irish republican rather than an Irish criminal. "As for Adams/McGuinness reliability, they would hardly stand up for Tom Murphy if he were just a common criminal." No... but they might "stand up" for a paramilitary overlord who is alleged to be on an IRA 'council' which overrides Sinn Fein political decisions, who has a torture chamber under his house and access to enough weapons, ammunition and explosives to start a small war. They might not just "stand up" for him, they might well be scared of him! IrishSpook (talk) 23:33, 27 June 2016 (UTC)

 * We can discuss this at a forum, mate, not here. Read Bastun tip at the end of the page. Thank you.--Darius (talk) 00:10, 28 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Darius, so the refs you offer in support of Murphy being categorised as an "Irish republican" rather than an "Irish criminal" detail his involvement in unlawful killing and describe him as a "terrorist". Otherwise, they name him as a senior member of the IRA, which you have previously insisted should not be the topic of discussion here, or the basis for his notability as a republican. Again, I ask: are there any sources that detail notable republican activiy for Murphy other than his alleged involvement in unlawful IRA violence, which he denies? Miles Creagh (talk) 04:23, 29 June 2016 (UTC)

 * After a fresh reading of Harnden's comments on primary sources (Garda, British Army, RoI Justice) I've changed my mind, since there is enough evidence in published, reliable sources that Thomas Murphy was a prominent IRA member and not an "alleged" member as you maintain.--Darius (talk) 12:02, 29 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Support. Slab Murphy is much better known for being a Chief-of-Staff of the Provisional IRA than for his criminal conviction, though of course the article must cover that too.  Slightly off-topic, though, this Requested Move brings up an interesting point - should use of the term "Irish republican" be used as a disambiguator at all, if it's really only used for members of the various IRAs, the INLA, etc.  It actually seems like a potential breach of WP:NPOV, seeing as the vast majority of "good Republicans" aren't actually criminals or members of terrorist organisations. A debate for another time, perhaps. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 13:10, 27 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Supporting this motion to change the article title to "Irish republican" while questioning whether the use of the term should be used as a disambiguator at all, is quite an incoherent argument. If you want to separate the "good republicans" from the criminal republicans or terrorist republicans then surely the current name makes sense? IrishSpook (talk) 23:38, 27 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Note to other participants. See WP:NOTFORUM. It's not necessary to argue every single point to try to secure a conviction or conversion. State your opinion, backed by policy if possible, move on. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 22:39, 27 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Support move back to original title at Thomas Murphy (Irish republican). Mo ainm's analysis of the search results here is extremely telling. On all the sources listed on the first page of search results for "thomas murphy criminal" not a single one actually uses the term to describe him, they almost all are referring to the Special Criminal Court, but they all refer to him using terms related to his republicanism.DanceHallCrasher (talk) 22:30, 28 June 2016 (UTC)
 * That's in a search for "Thomas Murphy criminal" and not just "Thomas Murphy" or "Thomas Slab Murphy", the phrase "criminal' filters in many articles on the Special Criminal Court. In other articles he is referred to as a "mafia boss", a "fraudster" and described as a "criminal". He is a convicted criminal. Great to see this talk page as a gathering and hotbed for IRA apologists and terrorist sympathisers :) IrishSpook (talk) 01:00, 29 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Note (Opposing): It should be noted that the main law enforcement agency that pursued Thomas 'Slab' Murphy for 14 years, and which successfully prosecuted him, was the Criminal Assets Bureau. An Garda Síochána state that the statutory remit (Criminal Assets Bureau Act, 1996) of the Criminal Assets Bureau "is to carry out investigations into the suspected proceeds of criminal conduct." Hint, hint. IrishSpook (talk) 02:19, 29 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Nobody is disputing that Murphy is a criminal. We all already know that, it's in the article, it's cited, it will remain in the article. He was, however, first and more notably known as a provo. WP:NOTFORUM and, at this point, WP:FLOG may be worth reading. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 13:05, 29 June 2016 (UTC)

 * And so how does the disambiguator (Irish republican) aid with him being a "provo"? He received far more attention during his criminal trial than at any other point in his life, as he had always done his utmost to stay out of the public eye, so "more notably" known for being a republican when he never sought to be publicly known as one as opposed to him being on trial in public is just nonsense. Also serious WP:BLP issue if you are using the term "provo" as while it has been alleged, it has never been proven in a public court of law. IrishSpook (talk) 13:46, 29 June 2016 (UTC)

CN¥

Search area and Eamon Collins header
Neither reference supports the claim that the torture chamber was found during a search of Thomas Murphy's farm. The first reference uses the phrases "major search operation", "not far from Murphy's home" and crucially "But three hours before the search was launched, undercover surveillance officers watching the various houses due to be targeted noticed small fires suddenly appear in several gardens". Similarly the second reference uses the phrases "They were part of a 300-strong force, including police and customs on both sides of the Border, who carried out searches across 11 counties", "Also discovered in the search was a large, purpose-built torture chamber, close to Murphy's home". Neither supports the claim the chamber was found on Thomas Murphy's farm, only close to it. The search area was not limited to Thomas Murphy's farm, so it cannot be assumed it was during a specific search of the farm that the chamber was uncovered.

I am sure I am not the only one confused by an editor claiming on one hand that "while it has been alleged, it has never been proven in a public court of law", while simultaneously adding a header reading "Libel case and killing of witness", since to the best of my knowledge Thomas Murphy has never been accused of direct involvement in the killing of [a] witness as the wording intrinsically suggests. Never arrested, charged or "proven in a public court of law".

Please discuss disputed changes rather than attempting to force them through by edit warring.DanceHallCrasher (talk) 15:41, 30 June 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Thomas Murphy (Irish republican)


text:
Slab serif

In typography, a slab serif (also called mechanistic, square serif, antique or Egyptian) typeface is a type of serif typeface characterized by thick, block-like serifs. Serif terminals may be either blunt and angular (Rockwell), or rounded (Courier). Slab serifs were introduced in the early nineteenth century.

Slab serifs form a large and varied genre. Some such as Memphis and Rockwell have a geometric design with minimal variation in stroke width: they are sometimes described as sans-serif fonts with added serifs. Others such as those of the Clarendon genre have a structure more like most other serif fonts, though with larger and more obvious serifs. These designs may have bracketed serifs which increase width along their length before merging with the main strokes of the letters, while on geometrics the serifs have a constant width.

Display-oriented slab serifs are often extremely bold, intended to grab the reader's attention on a poster, while slab serifs oriented towards legibility at small sizes show less extreme characteristics. Some fonts oriented towards small print use and printing on poor-quality newsprint paper may have slab serifs to increase legibility, while their other features are closer to conventional book type fonts.

Slab serif fonts were also often used in typewriters, most famously Courier, and this tradition has meant many monospaced text fonts intended for computer and programming use are slab serif designs.

History
Slab serif lettering and typefaces appeared rapidly in the early nineteenth century, having little in common with previous letterforms. As the printing of advertising material began to expand in the early nineteenth century, new and notionally more attention-grabbing letterforms became popular. Poster-size types began to be developed that were not merely magnified forms of book type, but very different and bolder. Some were developments of designs of the previous fifty years: ultra-bold types known as "fat faces", which were related to "Didone" text faces of the period but much bolder. Others had completely new structures: sans-serif letters, based on classical antiquity, and reverse-contrast letterforms. Some of the type designs appearing around this time may be based on signpainting and architectural lettering traditions, or vice versa.

The first known example of a slab-serif letterform is woodblock lettering on an 1810 lottery advertisement from London. Slab-serif type was perhaps first introduced by London typefounder Vincent Figgins under the name "Antique", appearing in a type-specimen dated 1815 (but probably issued in 1817).

Writing in 1825, the printer Thomas Curson Hansard wrote with amusement that slab-serif and other such display types were 'the outrageous kind of face only adapted for placards, posting-bills, invitations to the wheel of Fortune...Fashion and Fancy commonly frolic from one extreme to another.'

Slab serifs declined following the growing popularity of sans-serif faces, with which they always competed. Notable collections of original wood type are held by the Hamilton in Wisconsin and the University of Texas at Austin, collected by Rob Roy Kelly, writer of a well-known book on American poster types. Adobe Inc. has published a large collection of digitisations inspired by nineteenth-century wood type.

Following Napoleon's Egyptian campaign and dissemination of images and descriptions via publications like Description de l'Égypte (1809) an intense cultural fascination with all things Egyptian followed. Suites of contemporary parlor furniture were produced resembling furniture found in tombs. Multicolored woodblock printed wallpaper could make a dining room in Edinburgh or Chicago feel like Luxor. While there was no relationship between Egyptian writing systems and slab serif types, either shrewd marketing or honest confusion led to slab serifs often being called Egyptians. Historian James Mosley has shown that the first typefaces and letters called 'Egyptian' were apparently all sans-serifs.

The term Egyptian was adopted by French and German foundries, where it became Egyptienne. A lighter style of slab serif with a single width of strokes was called 'engravers face' since it resembled the monoline structure of metal engravings. The term 'slab-serif' itself is relatively recent, possibly twentieth-century.

Because of the clear, bold nature of the large serifs, designs with some slab serif characteristics are also often used for small print, for example in printing with typewriters and on newsprint paper. For example, Linotype's Legibility Group, in which most newspapers were printed during much of the twentieth century, were based on the "Ionic" or "Clarendon" style adapted for continuous body text.

More loosely, Joanna, TheSerif, FF Meta Serif and Guardian Egyptian are other examples of newspaper and small print-orientated typefaces that have regular, monoline serifs (sometimes more visible in bold weights) but a general humanist text face structure not particularly influenced by nineteenth-century stylings (as Clarendons are). The term "humanist slab serif" has been applied to serif text faces in this style.

Describing the process of designing slab serifs, modern font designers Jonathan Hoefler and Tobias Frere-Jones note that the structure of the large slab serifs imposes compromises on structure, with purely geometric designs harder to create in ultra-bold sizes where it becomes impossible to create a strictly monoline lower-case alphabet, and Clarendon-style designs harder to create in a lighter style.

Sub-classifications
There are several main subgroups of slab serif typefaces:

Antique model
The earliest slab-serifs were often called "antiques" or "Egyptians". They were often quite monoline in construction and had similarities to nineteenth-century serif fonts, such as ball terminals.

Clarendon model
Clarendon typefaces, unlike other slab serifs, actually have some bracketing and some contrast in size in the actual serif: the serifs often have curves so they change width and become wider as they approach the main stroke of the letter. Examples include Clarendon and Egyptienne.

Italienne model
In the Italienne model, also known as French Clarendon type, the serifs are even heavier than the stems, forging a dramatic, attention-drawing effect. This is known as reverse-contrast type. It is traditionally associated with use in circus and other posters, and is commonly seen in Western films or to create a nineteenth-century atmosphere. It was most popular from the 1860s until the early twentieth century, particularly in the United States, although the basic concept originates from London printing of the 1820s and it was used outside the United States. It has often been revived since, for example by Robert Harling as Playbill and more recently by Adrian Frutiger as Westside.

Typewriter typefaces
Typewriter slab serif typefaces are named for their use in strike-on typewriting. These faces originated in monospaced format with fixed-width, meaning that every character takes up exactly the same amount of horizontal space. This feature is necessitated by the nature of the typewriter apparatus. Examples include Courier (on the geometric model) and Prestige Elite (on the Clarendon model).

A considerable variety of other names have been used, particularly in the 19th century: at the time the separation between typeface name and genre had yet to become established, so it is not clear if a name describes a specific typeface or is meant to refer to a subgenre. For example, slab serifs on the French Clarendon model were also called 'Celtic', 'Belgian', 'Aldine' and 'Teutonic' by American printers, as well as 'Tuscan', a name which refers to slab serifs with diamond-shaped points, called median spurs, on the sides of the letterform.

Geometric model
Geometric designs have no bracketing and evenly weighted stems and serifs. Early examples include Memphis, Rockwell, Karnak, Beton, Rosmini, City and Tower, several of which were influenced by geometric sans-serifs of the 1920s and 30s, especially Futura. Recent well-known geometric sans-serifs include ITC Lubalin, Neutraface Slab and Archer.

Some monoline slab serifs such as Serifa, Helserif and Roboto Slab have been designed under the influence of neo-grotesque sans-serif fonts of the 1950s and 60s onwards, and these may be called "neo-grotesque" slab serifs.

title: Slab serif


text:
Carlton Baugh

Carlton Seymour Baugh (born 23 June 1982) is a Jamaican cricketer. He attended Wolmer's Schools

He is an aggressive right-hand batsman, wicketkeeper and occasional bowler of leg breaks and googlies. His Test debut came during a five-day match against Australia between 19 and 23 April 2003. His father, Carlton Baugh Snr., also played cricket between 1980 and 1983. Having scored a century against Barbados, he attracted the attention of the selectors and has been chosen to represent the West Indies in five matches thus far.

He was recalled for the West Indies tour of Canada and Abu Dhabi, but was poor both behind and in front of the stumps. He was retained for the West Indies tour of New Zealand in 2008/09, but only appeared in one Twenty20 match, where he scored 2 runs from 2 balls.

Things turned around for him when he was offered a retainer contract by the West Indies Cricket Board for the 2010/11 season.

He was forced to fly home due to a Hamstring injury, and was not available for 2011 Cricket World Cup. He lost his place in the Test side when West Indies toured England in 2012.

title: Carlton Baugh


text:
Suhana Meharchand

Suhana Meharchand is a Canadian retired journalist who was most recently a CBC News Network anchor and host of CBC News Now.

Early life
Meharchand was born in Durban, South Africa, and raised in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Meharchand is a graduate of broadcast journalism from Ryerson University. Her career in journalism was inspired by an uncle who ran an underground newspaper in her native South Africa.

Career
Meharchand's first jobs as a journalist were at CHCH-TV, a TV station in Hamilton, Ontario and at CBET in Windsor, Ontario. She later moved to Ottawa, where she spent three years as a general reporter and weekend anchor at CJOH-TV, a CTV affiliate.

From September 1987 to July 1989, Meharchand was host and producer of What's New, CBC-TV's national news and current affairs program for young people.

She subsequently became the anchor of the Saturday Evening News broadcast in the Toronto-London-Windsor region.

In September 1995, she was appointed anchor of the CBC Evening News on CBLT in Toronto. Meharchand replaced Bill Cameron who had moved to Halifax to anchor CBC Newsworld's morning telecast. In September 2000, following the cancellation of CBC Evening News, Meharchand moved on to anchor news broadcasts on CBC Newsworld. She later became the host of Saturday Report, CBC's national weekend news program.

Meharchand has received two Gemini Award nominations for her work, and has won several international awards for documentary work, including awards from the Columbus International Film & Video Festival and the New York Film and TV Festival. She is the recipient of a Paul Harris Fellowship awarded by Rotary International and an Honorary Member of the Canadian Women's Foundation.

She retired from CBC News on September 30, 2022, after a 36-year career.

Personal life
Meharchand is of Indian ancestry. She was married to federal politician and former broadcaster Adam Vaughan, and she had one of her three children with him. In 2016, she announced she was diagnosed with breast cancer.

Meharchand actively supports Performers for Literacy, Gems of Hope, the Redwood Shelter for Women and Children, the Canadian Paraplegic Association, The Hospital for Sick Children and the Princess Margaret Breast Cancer Centre.

title: Suhana Meharchand


text:
Toxotai

Toxotai (singular: τοξότης, ) were Ancient Greek and Byzantine archers. During the ancient period they were armed with a short Greek bow and a short sword. They carried a little pelte (or pelta) (πέλτη) shield.

Hippotoxotai (ἱπποτοξόται) were mounted archers and rode ahead of the cavalry.

The term toxotes was used to describe the mythic Sagittarius, a legendary creature thought to be a centaur.

Unlike cavalry or hoplites, toxotai tended to come from the lower classes of citizens, at least in Athens. They were viewed with prejudice by both the elite and the non-elite in Greek society, many of their contemporaries thought of them as cowards. Classical Athenians usually defined courage in terms of what hoplites remaining steadfast in the face of danger, accepting the possibility of injury or death. Archers never put themselves in physical danger, and thus were not courageous.

title: Toxotai


text:
American Association of Professional Baseball

The American Association of Professional Baseball is an independent professional baseball league founded in 2005. It operates in the central United States and Canada, mostly in cities not served by Major League Baseball teams or their minor league affiliates. Joshua Schaub is the league commissioner. League offices are located in Moorhead, Minnesota. Though a separate entity, the league shared a commissioner and director of umpires with the Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball during that league's existence. The American Association of Professional Baseball has 501(c)(6) tax-exempt status with the Internal Revenue Service. In 2020, as part of MLB's reorganization of the minor leagues, the American Association, together with the Atlantic League and the Frontier League, became an official MLB Partner League.

History
The American Association was founded in October 2005 when the St. Paul Saints, Lincoln Saltdogs, Sioux City Explorers, and Sioux Falls Canaries announced they were leaving the Northern League. Around the same time, the Central Baseball League announced it was disbanding after four seasons. The Fort Worth Cats, Shreveport-Bossier Sports, Pensacola Pelicans, Coastal Bend Aviators, and El Paso Diablos joined the four former Northern League teams and the expansion St. Joe Blacksnakes to form the American Association as a ten-team league. The new league began play in 2006, with a 96-game schedule, which has since expanded to 100 games.

2008 saw the league lose the Blacksnakes and Aviators, with the Grand Prairie AirHogs and Wichita Wingnuts joining in their place. In 2011 and 2012 the league went through a significant shift. Fort Worth was kicked out of the AA and moved to the North American League, while Shreveport and Pensacola both relocated. The Pelicans moved to Amarillo, Texas, and became the Amarillo Sox (later the Amarillo Thunderheads) while Shreveport, who had changed their name to the Shreveport-Bossier Captains, moved to Laredo, Texas and became the Laredo Lemurs. In addition, four more Northern League franchises (Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks, Gary SouthShore RailCats, Kansas City T-Bones, and Winnipeg Goldeyes) joined the American Association as that league's stability came into question.

For the 2012 season, the American Association began interleague play with the Can-Am League. The two leagues were both headquartered in Durham, North Carolina, and both had Miles Wolff as their commissioner. This was similar to interleague play in Major League Baseball, but American Association and Can-Am League were separate legal entities and had separate playoffs/championships.

At the end of the 2013 season, due to the Tucson Padres relocating to their city, the El Paso Diablos suspended operations. The team was eventually revived and relocated, operating as the Joplin Blasters. The Blasters ceased operations after the conclusion of the 2016 season.

On November 19, 2015, Miles Wolff announced that there would no longer be interleague play. It also was announced that for the Amarillo Thunderheads and Grand Prairie AirHogs would operate as a joint team, the Texas AirHogs, playing 25 games in Amarillo and 25 games in Grand Prairie to make up a 12-team league. The team remained in Grand Prairie full-time in 2017, with the Cleburne Railroaders joining the league the same season. Shortly before the 2017 season, the Laredo Lemurs withdrew from the league. They were temporarily replaced by the Salina Stockade from the Pecos League for the season. The Chicago Dogs joined for 2018 and the Milwaukee Milkmen joined in 2019, replacing the Wichita Wingnuts, who folded in large part due to the demolition of Lawrence-Dumont Stadium and their eventual replacement by the Wichita Wind Surge.

In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the league announced that 6 of its 12 clubs would play an abbreviated 60-game season beginning on July 3, 2020. Five stadiums were used for gameplay: Sioux Falls Stadium (hosting the Sioux Falls Canaries and St. Paul Saints during July), Newman Outdoor Field (hosting the Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks and Winnipeg Goldeyes), Franklin Field (hosting the Milwaukee Milkmen), Impact Field (hosting the Chicago Dogs), and CHS Field (hosting the St. Paul Saints beginning in August). Players from non-participating teams had the opportunity to be drafted by one of the six active clubs. A limited number of fans were allowed to attend games, in accordance with local government guidelines and restrictions.

The 2021 season saw the league lose both the Texas AirHogs, who dropped out of the league, and the St. Paul Saints who moved to affiliated ball as the Triple-A affiliate of the Minnesota Twins. Joining the league in 2021 were the Kane County Cougars, who were dropped from affiliated ball during the 2021 minor league reorganization, as well as the Houston Apollos, who were a traveling team for the 2021 campaign.

In May 2021, the league announced the approval of Lake Country Baseball, based in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, as a new member of the league starting in 2022. Construction commenced later that summer on a new stadium and multi-use indoor sports facility, which opened for play on May 20, 2022 as Wisconsin Brewing Company Park. The team selected the name Lake Country DockHounds, after hosting an online name the team contest.

With the DockHounds joining the league for the 2022 season, the American Association opted for realignment of the divisions. Going away from the prior North/South divisions, the league decided to go with East/West divisions. The league placed Cleburne, Chicago, Kane County, Gary SouthShore, Milwaukee, and Lake Country in the East Division; and Winnipeg, Fargo-Moorhead, Sioux Falls, Sioux City, Lincoln, and Kansas City in the West Division. The league also changed the playoff format. The top four teams in each division make the playoffs, and the team in each division with the best record is allowed to choose their first-round opponent from the remaining three division teams.

Business model
The American Association (AA) typically recruits college and former major and minor league players. Former affiliated-league players who get injured or have other circumstances join the AA as an opportunity to get re-signed by major league organizations. For example, David Peralta was signed in 2004 as a pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals but suffered injuries and was released in 2009. He resurrected his career as an outfielder with teams such as the AA's Wichita Wingnuts and Amarillo Sox in 2012 and 2013, then became a starting outfielder for the Arizona Diamondbacks.

Other players include college players who were not drafted into MLB but seek the opportunity to be seen by major league scouts and possibly get signed by major league organizations. Other former MLB players join the AA as a way to stay involved in baseball after their MLB career, often as coaches and managers.

As of 2008, the salary cap for each team was $100,000, with a minimum salary of $800 per month. The price of an expansion team is also about $750,000. This is in stark contrast with the minor and major leagues. Former Commissioner Miles Wolff stated in an interview that "We have to pay the salaries of the players, which they don't in an affiliated [league]. It's a much riskier business. Just because of the longevity and tradition, we usually don't get the best cities, either, so some of the markets we're in are not great markets. But as I say, I think it's a better product."

In 2018, the league raised the minimum salary to $1,200 per month to comply with the new Save America's Pastime Act.

Roster rules
Rosters are limited to 25 players, with a maximum of six may be veterans and minimum of five must be rookies or LS-1. The remaining players will be designated limited service players and of those LS players only six (6) may be LS-4. Two of the LS-4 players may have LS-5 status.

Rookie: A player with less than one year of service.

LS-1: A player with fewer than two years of service.

LS-2: A player with fewer than three years of service.

LS-3: A player with fewer than four years of service.

LS-4: A player with fewer than five years of service.

LS-5: A player with less than 6 years of service.

Veteran: A player with six or more years of service. If a player has six or more years of service but has not reached the age of 26 by September 1 of that season, he will be considered an LS-4. If he has not reached the age of 24 by September 1 of that season, he will be considered an LS-3.

League timeline
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Former teams

 * Coastal Bend Aviators – founding member of league, originally from Central Baseball League, folded after 2007
 * St. Joe Blacksnakes – founding member of league, folded after 2007
 * Pensacola Pelicans – founding member of league, originally from Central Baseball League, became the Amarillo Sox
 * Fort Worth Cats – founding member of the league, had its membership revoked by the league on October 26, 2011, after failing to provide the league with a letter of credit Moved to the North American League, then United League Baseball, then later folded
 * Shreveport-Bossier Captains – moved to Laredo, Texas to become Laredo Lemurs
 * El Paso Diablos – suspended operations after the 2013 season to make way for the Triple-A El Paso Chihuahuas. resumed operations in 2015 as the Joplin Blasters
 * Amarillo Thunderheads – originally called the Amarillo Sox; merged with the Grand Prairie AirHogs prior to the 2016 season and changed name to Texas AirHogs
 * Joplin Blasters – folded following the 2016 season
 * Laredo Lemurs – folded following the 2016 season
 * Salina Stockade – moved to the Can-Am League as a partial-schedule traveling team following the 2017 season
 * Wichita Wingnuts – suspended operations following the 2018 season as their ballpark was to be demolished to make way for a new ballpark and the Double-A Wichita Wind Surge; many players and staff members transferred to the pre-existing Cleburne Railroaders for 2019 and beyond
 * Texas AirHogs – did not play the 2020 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic, folded after the season
 * St. Paul Saints – founding member of the league, became the Triple A affiliate of the Minnesota Twins following the 2020 season joining the International League
 * Houston Apollos - travelling team from the Pecos League brought in for the 2021 season

All-Star Game
The American Association hosted an annual All-Star Game from 2006 to 2010. The league's first All-Star game was played in El Paso, Texas, on July 18, 2006, which pit a team of American Association All-Stars against an All-Star team from the Can-Am League. Its current format pits the all-stars from each division against each other. There was no All-Star game in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2018, 2020, or 2021.

 * Game results
 * 2006 – AA 5, Can-Am 3
 * 2007 – South 6, North 4
 * 2008 – South 11, North 4
 * 2009 – North 6, South 2
 * 2010 – South 12, North 3
 * 2011 – game cancelled
 * 2012 – game cancelled
 * 2013 – game cancelled
 * 2014 – South 7, North 0
 * 2015 – North 3, South 1
 * 2016 – North 6, South 1
 * 2017 – Can-Am 3, AA 2
 * 2018 – game cancelled
 * 2019 – North 7, South 3
 * 2020 – game cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
 * 2021 – game cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
 * 2022 — West 7, East 6
 * 2023 — East 4, West 2

Player of the Year

 * 2006 – Pichi Balet, (Lincoln Saltdogs)
 * 2007 – Jorge Alvarez, (El Paso Diablos)
 * 2008 – Beau Torbert, (Sioux Falls Canaries)
 * 2009 – Greg Porter, (Wichita Wingnuts)
 * 2010 – Beau Torbert, (Sioux Falls Canaries)
 * 2011 – Lee Cruz, (Amarillo Sox)
 * 2012 – Nic Jackson, (Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks)
 * 2013 – C. J. Ziegler, (Wichita Wingnuts)
 * 2014 – Brent Clevlen, (Wichita Wingnuts)
 * 2015 – Vinny DiFazio, (St. Paul Saints)
 * 2016 – Nate Samson, (Sioux City Explorers)
 * 2017 – Josh Romanski, (Winnipeg Goldeyes)
 * 2018 – Jose Sermo, (Sioux City Explorers)
 * 2019 – Keon Barnum, (Chicago Dogs)
 * 2020 – Adam Brett Walker II, (Milwaukee Milkmen)
 * 2021 – Adam Brett Walker II, (Milwaukee Milkmen)
 * 2022 – Max Murphy, (Winnipeg Goldeyes)
 * 2023 – Chris Herrmann, (Kansas City Monarchs)

League attendance

 * Limited attendance due to COVID-19 pandemic.
 * 60 game schedule with 6 teams due to COVID-19 pandemic.

Attendance Records
Season: 413,482, St. Paul, 2016

Game: 13,406, El Paso, July 4, 2011


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Sam Fullbrook

Sam Fullbrook (14 April 1922 – 3 February 2004 ) was an Australian artist who was a winner of the Archibald Prize for portraiture and the Wynne Prize for landscape. He was described as "last of the bushman painters" (a rural art tradition). However Fullbrook was fine art-trained and his sophisticated works are in every State art museum in Australia and international collections.

Early life
Fullbrook was born Samuel Sydney, named after his father, Joseph Henry Sydney, but later used his mother's maiden name of Fullbrook. He was born in the inner city suburb of Chippendale in Sydney in 1922.

From 1937 he worked as a timber cutter in Gloucester, New South Wales. He served in the Australian army and worked in manual jobs before discovering his bent for art. After the outbreak of World War II, he enlisted with the Australian Infantry Forces in 1940 and the following year was posted in Palestine but did not see active service. In the years 1943 to 1945, he trained in rifles in the Middle East and served in New Guinea.

At that time, he discovered reading and painting through the Army Adult Education program and after the war, in 1946, he enrolled in the National Gallery of Victoria Art School in Melbourne, under a federal government retraining program. Among his contemporaries at the art school were John Brack, Clifton Pugh and Fred Williams. Fullbrook painted his first portrait in Yarraville on the sugar wharf. In 1947, he moved to West Melbourne and began selling his work through the Victorian Artists’ Society.

Career
Fullbrook was to have a constant and wide ranging career as a painter, beginning in 1948 with his first joint exhibition at Tye’s Gallery with art school classmate Tim Nicholl. In the same year, his father died and Fullbrook returned to Sydney, where he converted his father’s shop into an art studio. To support his painting, Fullbrook went to far North Queensland for the cane-cutting season.

Around this time, sharks and "Bondi virgins" made their first appearance in his works. He returned to Queensland where he befriended James Wieneke of Moreton Gallery and was employed by Richard Morley, founder of the Blake Prize. That was when he discovered a talent for landscapes.

His first solo exhibition was held at the Waterside Workers’ Hall, Sydney in 1952. That same year, he had a second solo show at the Moreton Gallery, Brisbane, and received honourable mention in the Archibald Prize for his portrait of his contemporary, potter Bernard Sahm. Fullbrook then travelled west across Australia, setting up a studio in Marble Bar in Western Australia, also working as a miner, cane cutter and stockman.

In 1971, he lost most of his work in a fire at his Brisbane studio, but recovered to continue working in the Queensland Darling Downs, in Sydney, on the Gold Coast and in Melbourne.

He set up studios all over the country and each change in events and environment would prompt a new direction in his work. His main series were the "Darling River series", the "Phoenix" series in Buderim, Queensland, "Circus", "Brisbane River", and "The Shearer" series, among others. His oeuvre ranged over biblical themes, horse-racing, aboriginal Australians, Pilbara landscapes, Bondi, wildlife, floral works, and studio nudes.

Artist Robert Jacks said Fullbrook painted "some of the most beautiful portraits ever painted in Australia." Among them are former Australian Governor-General Sir John Kerr and media entrepreneur Reg Grundy. Others include Pat Brown and Bernard Sahm, artists, jockeys and members of the public. The Kerr portrait was submitted to hang in Parliament House but was rejected for being "caricature".

Painting style and themes
Fullbrook's light and airy works were soft figuration bordering on abstraction in high-tone coloured patches, but leaving the subject entirely recognisable. Most of his paintings and scenes were about his personal interests and life experiences. He painted in oils, but worked in pastels and watercolour as well as exhibiting drawings. Reviewing a 1995 National Gallery of Victoria exhibition, Racing Colors, art critic Robert Nelson described him as: "'A colourist... Fullbrook's forte lies in the difficult balancing of patches of pinks and teal, or striations of lilac and dashes of cadmium green.'"

Exposure
Fullbrook won the Archibald Prize in 1974 with the painting Jockey Norman Stephens. He won the Wynne Prize in 1963 with Sandhills on the Darling, and shared the Wynne Prize the following year with Trees in a Landscape showing jacaranda trees in a Sydney scene.

From the 1960s to 2001, his works were included in national tours and tours to the U.S. He exhibited in New York in 1989. He had solo shows in galleries in every Australian state.

A prolific artist, Fullbrook's works can be found in every major Australian museum, every state museum and in many city gallery collections, clubs and universities. He has been collected commercially and privately in Australia, the United States, Canada, China, Japan, the U.K., New Zealand, Europe and Malaysia.

Personal life
Fullbrook married Janice Greenwood in 1966, but his wife suicided the following year, and is buried in the Walkerston Cemetery, Mackay, Queensland. In 1983, he remarried, to American, Mary Jane.

After a lifetime's travelling, Fullbrook decided to live permanently in Brisbane from the mid-60s. He took a property "Crosshill" on the Darling Downs in the 1990s. He was an Australia Day Ambassador in 2001.

At his property in central Victoria, he kept 20 racehorses and entered them at country race meetings.

Death
Fullbrook died of cancer in 2004 at Daylesford Hospital, aged 81.

Awards

 * 1963 Wynne Prize
 * 1964 Wynne Prize (shared with David Strachan)
 * 1966 David Jones Art Prize
 * 1967 H C Richards Memorial Prize for Painting, Townsville Prize
 * 1969 H C Richards Memorial Prize for Painting, L. J. Harvey Memorial Prize for Drawing
 * 1970 Maude Vizard-Wholohan Prize
 * 1974 Archibald Prize

title: Sam Fullbrook


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José Enrique Pedreira

José Enrique Pedreira (February 2, 1904 – January 6, 1959) was a Puerto Rican composer noted for danzas.

Early years
Pedreira was one of four siblings born to José María Pedreira and Rosa Kehrham in San Juan, Puerto Rico. His family, who was financially prosperous, sent him to the best private schools in the island. He began to take private music lessons at a young age. In 1922, he graduated from high school and was sent to New York City, by his parents, to continue his musical education. He enrolled in the music school of Zygmunt Stojowski and learned piano and music composition. It was there that he met a fellow student who was to become his wife, Alicia Hutchinson. During his student years he composed his first work, the waltz “Alicia”.

Musical career
In 1932, Pedreira returned to Puerto Rico with his wife and established the Pedreira Academy of Music in San Juan. He gave piano lessons while she (a pianist in her own right) gave piano and violin lessons. During his spare time he composed music and danzas for piano, violin and cello. The couple had one child, José Enrique “Quique” Pedreira Hutchinson.

Musical compositions
Besides “Alicia”, his first composition, he composed "Canción Criolla" in 1934, for which he was awarded the Elzaburu priz from the Ateneo Puertorriqueño. He also composed "Concierto en re menor para piano y orquestra" (Concert in R minor for Piano and Orquestra) and in 1942, “Ensueño de Marta” his first danza. In October 1946. Pedreira's composition “Estudio de Concierto en Do Sostenido Menor” was included in Hilda Andino's concert at Carnegie Hall.

Pedreira also received many awards. He won a competition sponsored by the Juilliard School of Music in New York, with his composition "Tus Caricias" and a first prize for his danza "Siempre", during the celebration of Juan Morel Campos 100th birthday in 1957.

Many of his compositions were used by other Puerto Rican artists, among them Jesús Maria Sanromá and Graciela Rivera. His compositions were not all piano related. He also composed various works to be played on the violin.

In 1953, Pedreira and José Raúl Ramírez created the Dúo Piano-Organo “Pedreira-Ramírez”. The duo performed in various weekly radio and television programs. They also performed in various cities in the United States.

Legacy
José Enrique Pedreira died on January 6, 1959, in San Juan, Puerto Rico. José Raúl Ramírez was petitioned by his widow, Alicia Hutchinson, to become custodian of his works. During the years, Ramírez published many of the works by Pedreira. In 1985, Pedreira was posthumously inducted into the Danza Composers Hall of Fame located in the town of San German, Puerto Rico.

Selected compositions

 * Canción de cuna para un infante moribundo (Lullaby for a Dying Child) for cello (or viola) and piano (1954)
 * Caricias (Your Tender Touch)
 * Colibrí
 * Concerto in D minor for piano and orchestra
 * Elegía India, Poema y Souvenir
 * El Jardín de piedra (Garden of Rock), Ballet; libretto by Lotti Tischer
 * Encanto
 * Ensueño de Marta (Martha's Dream), Danza for piano (1956)
 * Nocturne melancholique for piano (1950)
 * No podrás olvidarme, Canción Bolero for voice and piano (1947)
 * Plenitude, Nocturne for piano (1948)
 * Ritmo, Zapateado for piano (1956)
 * Siempre (Always), Danza for piano (1960); dedicated to Juan Morel Campos
 * Sonata in B♭ minor for piano
 * Súplica, Danza for piano (1949)
 * Tus caricias, Danza for piano (1948)
 * Vals en la major (Waltz in A major) for piano (1949)
 * Valses de Concierto (Concert Waltzes)

Awards and recognitions
Pedreira received many awards and recognitions during his lifetime. Some of the institutions that honored him were:
 * The University of Puerto Rico
 * The Puerto Rican Athenaeum
 * The Juilliard School of Music
 * The Women's Civic Club of San Juan

title: José Enrique Pedreira


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Aurifaber

Aurifaber (the Latinized form of the German surname "Goldschmidt" or "Goldschmied" meaning "gold smith") was a surname borne by three prominent men of the Reformation period in Germany:

 * Andreas Aurifaber (1514–1559), physician from Breslau, living in Königsberg
 * Joannes Aurifaber Vratislaviensis (1517–1568), Lutheran theologian and reformer from Breslau, brother of Andreas
 * Joannes Aurifaber (Vimariensis) (1519–1575), Lutheran theologian and reformer from Weimar

Variation on surname

 * Goldschmid
 * Goldschmidt
 * Goldschmied
 * Goldschmitt
 * Goldsmid
 * Goldsmith

title: Aurifaber


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Colin Vaughan

Colin Vaughan (30 June 1931 – 1 January 2000) was an Australian-born Canadian television journalist, architect, urban activist and alderman serving the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He was best known as the political specialist for the Toronto television station Citytv from 1977 until his death. He died suddenly of a heart attack at the age of 68.

Personal life
Born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Vaughan studied architecture there before moving to Montreal, Quebec in the 1950s. He then moved to Toronto in the mid-fifties to work at Page and Steele, a noted Toronto firm. There he met Peter Dickinson. In the late fifties he became one of Peter Dickinson's original associates with Dickinson's new firm. In the early sixties he, Rod Robbie, Dick Williams and Fred Ashworth set out on their own. The new firm Ashworth, Robbie, Vaughan and Williams Architects and Planners, teamed with Paul Schoeler of Schoeler, Barkham and Heaton Architects and Planning Consultants, and Matt Stankiewicz of Z. Matthew Stankiewicz Architect, to compete for and would eventually go on to win the competition to build the Canadian Pavilion at Expo 67. Vaughan also worked on the O'Keefe Centre's interior as well as the Inn on the Park and 2 King Street West.

His son Adam Vaughan, a former CBC Television journalist, succeeded him as Citytv's political specialist and was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Spadina—Fort York. His daughter Annabel Vaughan became an architect and another daughter, Polly Vaughan, was the senior editor at another CHUM television station A-Channel Vancouver Island, and currently works for the Government of British Columbia. He has three other children; Thomas who is the Associate Director of the Ontario Cultural Attractions Fund, Sam who works in the Ontario Court system, and Jenny who is the Vietnam bureau chief for Agence France-Presse (AFP) news agency.

Urban activism and politics
In the late 1960s, he helped lead the Stop Spadina movement, a citizens' group opposed to inner city expressways in Toronto.

In the 1972 civic election, he was elected to Toronto City Council and in 1974 he was elected to Metro Council. Vaughan was one of several new aldermen elected in 1972 who created a pro-reform, pro-neighbourhood majority on city council under the new reform mayor David Crombie.

Journalism career
After five years on city council, Vaughan left in 1977 to begin a new career as a journalist with Citytv's new local daily news show, CityPulse. In later decades, he also wrote on municipal politics for The Globe and Mail, the Toronto Star and Toronto Life magazine.

title: Colin Vaughan


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Andreas Aurifaber

Andreas Aurifaber (born Goldschmidt, 1514 – 12 December 1559) was a German physician of some repute, but through his influence with Albert of Brandenburg, last grand-master of the Teutonic Knights, and first Protestant duke of Prussia, became an outstanding figure in the controversy associated with Andreas Osiander whose daughter he had married.

Early life and education
Andreas Aurifaber was born in Breslau (Wrocław); Johannes Aurifaber of Breslau was his younger brother. He studied at the University of Wittenberg in 1527, and there became a friend of Philip Melanchthon. In 1529 he became rector of the Latin school at Danzig (Gdańsk), and two years later accepted a similar post at Elbing (Elbląg). The bounty of Duke Albert of Prussia enabled him to pursue the study of medicine at Wittenberg and in Italy.

Career
After 1545 Aurifaber was physician to the Duke and professor of physics and medicine in the newly established University of Königsberg. There he wrote a number of treatises on physics and physiology.

In 1550 he married a daughter of Osiander, and became involved in the bitter controversy aroused by the latter's views on justification and grace. After Osiander's death in 1552, Aurifaber, who in the preceding year had been made rector of the university, became the leader of the Osiandrian faction and made use of his office and his influence over the duke to crush the rival faction in Prussia, driving its adherents from the university in 1554. He went on to travel extensively throughout Germany, aroused the hatred of the conservatives, who assailed him with extreme virulence. Aurifaber, however, retained his influence until his death, which occurred suddenly, in the antechamber of the Duke in Königsberg, on December 12, 1559.

title: Andreas Aurifaber


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Brajkishore Prasad

Brajkishore Prasad (1877–1946) was a lawyer inspired by Mohandas Gandhi during the Indian Independence Movement.

Early life and education
Born in a Kayastha family in Srinagar, Siwan district, Prasad gained his early education in Chhapra and Patna before moving to Presidency College in Calcutta, where he completed his legal training.

He married Phuljhari Devi. He set up a legal practise in Darbhanga and had two sons, Vishwa Nath and Shiv Nath Prasad, more commonly known as SN Prasad, and two daughters, Prabhavati Devi and Vidyawati.

Career
He met with Mahatma Gandhi in 1915 and was inspired. He decided to get involved full-time in the freedom struggle and gave up his legal practice. He was instrumental in Gandhi taking up the Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha, in which Gandhi handpicked Rajendra Prasad and Anugrah Narayan Sinha along with him to successfully lead the movement. Gandhi was so impressed by Prasad's dedication that he set aside a full chapter on him in his autobiographical book, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, called "The Gentle Bihari".

Prasad remained at the forefront of the freedom struggle in Bihar, and his collaboration with several colleagues was instrumental in the setting up of the Bihar Vidyapeeth. For the last ten years of his life he was severely infirmed, and died in 1946.

The National Book Trust, India, recently published a biography titled Braja Kishore Prasad: The Hero of Many Battles, authored by Sachidanand Sinha..

title: Brajkishore Prasad