text:
William N. Oatis

William Nathan Oatis (January 4, 1914 – September 16, 1997) was an American journalist who gained international attention when he was charged with espionage by the communist Czechoslovakia in 1951. He was subsequently jailed until 1953.

Early life
Born in Marion, Indiana, Oatis began his journalism career with his high school newspaper, studied at DePauw University for one year and in 1933 returned to Marion, where he worked for the Leader-Tribune. In 1937, he started working for the Associated Press in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Oatis served in the U.S. Army during World War II, studying Japanese at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis. In 1950, he married Laurabelle Zack, who worked in the AP's reference library in New York. The marriage took place in London.

Arrest and detention
Oatis was working as the AP bureau chief in Prague, Czechoslovakia, when he was arrested on April 23, 1951. Deprived of sleep and subjected to continuous interrogation for 42 hours, Oatis signed a statement confessing to the charge of espionage. The case made international headlines, as well as leading to trade and travel embargos against Czechoslovakia. During his trial, he confessed to espionage on behalf of the United States, and somewhat more implausibly, on behalf of India, saying he collected intelligence on Czechoslovakia for the Indian charge d'affairs in Prague, Ramchundur Goburdhun. Those attending the trial noted when delivering his confession that Oatis spoke in a flat, emotionless voice.

On July 4, 1951, a Czechoslovak court sentenced Oatis to ten years in prison. He was released May 16, 1953, shortly after the death of Joseph Stalin and after an angry letter from President Dwight D. Eisenhower to the Czechoslovak government. The Czechoslovak government said it had been moved to pardon Oatis by a poignant plea from Oatis' wife, Laurabelle. Oatis contracted tuberculosis during his imprisonment and sought treatment shortly after his release. After his release, Oatis retracted his confession, and maintained that he merely cross-checked information with foreign diplomats such as his friend Goburdhun before writing a story.

A Czechoslovak court cleared him of all charges in 1959, but the decision was reversed in 1968 after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. In 1990, after Czechoslovakia's "Velvet Revolution" the previous year, he was cleared again.

Later career
Oatis went on to cover the United Nations for three decades and retired in 1984 after a 47-year career at the AP. He was elected president of the United Nations Correspondents Association in 1970. In 1992, Oatis was inducted into the Indiana Journalism Hall of Fame.

Death
Oatis died September 16, 1997, at Long Island College Hospital in Brooklyn, New York, from complications of Alzheimer's disease. He was survived by his sons Jonathan and Jeremy. His wife Laurabelle died of natural causes on June 19, 2012, at the age of 88.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: William N. Oatis


text: User talk:68.84.208.199

title: User talk:68.84.208.199


text: Category:Ships of Canada

title: Category:Ships of Canada


text: User talk:70.229.207.21

title: User talk:70.229.207.21


text:
Talk:Heavy metal

Replace with redirect to genre?
I've disambiguated several hundred links to heavy metal in the last week or so - all but two were to the musical genre. I think we should make heavy metal redirect to the genre, and add a link at the top of the musical genre page to a heavy metal (disambiguation) page. - Stillnotelf 02:19, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I would not necessarily agree. I think the chemical term heavy metals is very important and commonly used; there is just a vast overrepresentation of music albums and bands in Wikipedia, because the articles are easier to create than chemistry articles. Basically you just have to create a list of songs, albums, and band members, but little encyclopaedic context. -- Ravn 16:15, 8 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Don't get me wrong, I think the chemical meaning is equally important, I'm just trying to be pragmatic. It seems more efficient to bow to the "vast overrepresentation" than continually clean up after new albums are created.  (After no one commented for 5 months, I realized it wasn't high-traffic enough to warrant worrying about it anyway, so I'm not going ahead with that plan.) --  stillnotelf   has a talk page  16:26, 8 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I'll agree to whatever is best for the readers. Which is worse: 500 incorrect links to the disambiguation page? Or 20 incorrect links to Heavy metal music (or a reader typing "Heavy metal" and hitting "Go") requiring a click on the dablink to get to the disambiguation page? (Bass has the same issue: 99% of the links intend Bass guitar.) Ewlyahoocom 10:40, 11 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The redirect is now in place (thanks Ewlyahoocom). Equendil 23:41, 17 May 2006 (UTC)
 * What's the over-under on when someone reverts it? Ewlyahoocom 08:34, 18 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I would add a direct link on Heavy metal music directly to Heavy metals to make it a 1-click to the chemistry meaning. You could add Template:Otheruses4 or combine and use Template:Two_other_uses Simon12 16:23, 18 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Heavy metals should go to chemistry, the singular to the music. More people probably look at the article on the music than the elements. "Heavy Metal" returns 26,600,000 on google, and "heavy metals" 7,800,000 Duke toaster 16:19, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Redirect to heavy metal music, or even move heavy metal music to heavy metal. Seriosely, I can't even imagine how stupid it should be to link to disambig page when there's a main meaning.Garret Beaumain (talk) 03:05, 3 November 2008 (UTC)

Some stats make it clear that Heavy metal would best be redirected to Heavy metal music. There seems to be clear consensus on this. --Faradayplank (talk) 07:32, 28 November 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) 3000+ page views for Heavy_metal_(chemistry)
 * 2) 138000+ page views for Heavy_metal_music
 * 3) I've disambiguated 500+ links, 10 +/- were to Heavy_metal_(chemistry), 1 was to the comic book, the rest were all to Heavy metal music

 * NOTE: This discussion already began at Talk:Heavy_metal_music and the consensus there is to leave the dab as is and not to re-direct it to the music. The Real Libs-speak politely 11:03, 28 November 2008 (UTC)

 * An update on my comments above: Per the consensus at Talk:Heavy_metal_music I have no issue with this being a dab page and have nearly completed dab'ing the links to this page.  Faradayplank (talk) 20:42, 5 December 2008 (UTC)

Keeping Heavy metal as a disambiguation page makes it possible to have no incorrect links, by disambiguating them all. Disambiguating them means editing all the articles linking to this page, and fixing the links so they point where they should. You can help. See Disambiguation pages with links. --Una Smith (talk) 04:04, 2 December 2008 (UTC)

Note: One more ambiguity you might want to cover -- in computer geek slang old-style mainframe computers are sometimes referred to as 'heavy metal'. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.31.91.37 (talk) 23:57, 18 March 2009 (UTC)

Top 20 Heaviest American Metal Songs On Record
WARNING: Top 5 Can Make You Go Deaf Easily

20th) Midnight Explosion by Spikes Monsters 19th) Walk by Fleshcut 18th) Devil Driving by Spikes Monsters 17th) Union Of Churches by Spikes Monsters 16th) Plant Curtains by Biology Tripod 15th) S.C.R.E.A.M by Spikes Monsters 14th) Taking Pictures by Biology Tripod 13th) Flickering Candle by Fleshcut 12th) Ranging From Zero by Spikes Monsters 11th) Moonlight by Glowtrunk Elephant 10th) Sadism by Fleshcut 9th) Wizard by Spikes Monsters 8th) Knifesplitting by Fleshcut 7th)  Lion Of Zues by Spikes Monsters 6th) Roar Song by Spikes Monsters 5th)  Divinity Magnificent by Spikes Monsters 4th) Macarbe by Spikes Monsters 3rd)  Smile by Fleshcut 2nd) Eardrum Assasin by Spikes Monsters 1st)  Bless Her Day by Biology Tripod

--222.154.167.248 (talk) 05:17, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

Move?

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. Please feel free to open a new move request to discuss a particular primary topic for this term. ErikHaugen (talk | contribs) 05:11, 26 December 2011 (UTC)

Heavy metal → Heavy metal (disambiguation) –
 * revert Omair00 (talk) 22:46, 18 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Whether any of its meanings is dominant, has been discussed before. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 23:48, 18 December 2011 (UTC)
 * This proposal seems malformed; makes no sense. Dicklyon (talk) 05:10, 19 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment huh? The change took place in 2005, according to this talk page, And in 2008, a consensus discussion took place at talk:heavy metal music reaffirming the 2005 implemented usage. So, Omair00's change contravened a preexisting consensus. 76.65.128.198 (talk) 06:25, 19 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. Unlike articles, DABs don't have opening sentences to allow for immediate identification of topic. So disambiguating their titles allows for more effective navigation. Since this isn't a real article, it doesn't matter if the title looks ugly. Kauffner (talk) 02:35, 20 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose – I'm not understanding the rationale for the suggested move. Our guidelines at WP:DABNAME suggest that we leave it where it is, as there is not a primary topic. Paul Erik  (talk) (contribs) 03:48, 20 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose; no reason given for move, no primary topic. Powers T 15:54, 20 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Support The primary topic is Heavy metal music. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Omair00 (talk • contribs) 20:09, 20 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Support--96.229.210.168 (talk) 20:05, 23 December 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Heavy metal music which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:29, 17 April 2016 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Heavy metal music which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 15:45, 12 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Heavy metal


text:
Red Rubber Ball

"Red Rubber Ball" is a pop song written by Bruce Woodley of The Seekers and Paul Simon of Simon & Garfunkel, recorded by The Cyrkle, whose version reached No. 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100, and in South Africa and New Zealand. In Canada, the song reached No. 1.

Synopsis
"Red Rubber Ball" is sung from the perspective of a man at the end of an unfulfilling relationship in which his significant other never gave him much attention or affection. He now looks forward to the future with a positive attitude, proclaiming that “the morning sun is shining like a red rubber ball”.

Recordings
According to Cyrkle guitarist Tom Dawes, Simon offered "Red Rubber Ball" to the band when they were opening for Simon and Garfunkel on tour. The song's tracks were recorded in stereo, with the bass, lead guitar, and percussion on the right track, acoustic guitar and electric organ on left, and the vocals on both.

The Columbia picture sleeve issued with the "Red Rubber Ball" single is a very rare and oft-sought item amongst record collectors; near-mint copies are said to fetch three figures.

The Seekers also recorded "Red Rubber Ball" for their 1966 album Come the Day (called Georgy Girl in the USA). It also appears on the CD box set The Seekers Complete.

In an interview on The Colbert Report, Paul Simon said he wrote "Red Rubber Ball" while living in England to get a £100 advance from The Seekers. This came in response to Colbert's request for Simon to name a song that was "on the cusp" when it came to being included in his songbook Lyrics 1964–2008.

In the US, "Red Rubber Ball" spent a single week at No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart at the same time "Paperback Writer" by The Beatles was at No. 1, during the week ending July 9, 1966. It was the fifth week during 1966 in which songs written by Simon and by John Lennon and Paul McCartney were simultaneously at No. 1 and No. 2 on the chart.

Cover versions

 * Neil Diamond on his 1966 debut album The Feel of Neil Diamond.
 * Cliff Richard for his 1968 film soundtrack Two a Penny.
 * The Seekers on their 1966 album Come the Day
 * Del Shannon on his 1966 album Total Commitment.
 * Mel Tormé on his 1966 album Right Now!
 * Cilla Black on her 1969 album Surround Yourself with Cilla.
 * Canadian punk rock group The Diodes had it as the first track on their debut album, The Diodes (1977). According to the liner notes of the 1998 Diodes anthology, Tired of Waking Up Tired, the band recorded the cover because Paul Simon had been vocal in his disapproval of punk rock music.
 * The short-lived bluegrass supergroup Spectrum (Bela Fleck, Jimmy Gaudreau, Mark Schatz, and Glenn Lawson) on their 1980 debut Opening Roll.
 * Simon and Garfunkel recorded a live version in 1967 that was not released until their 1997 compilation album Old Friends.
 * Grammy nominated Polka music artist, Lenny Gomulka, recorded a cover with his award winning Polka band, Lenny Gomulka and Chicago Push, on their 1998 album "Push It To The Limit."
 * Eggchair recorded a version that was played in the 2004 movie, Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story.
 * American ska punk group Streetlight Manifesto for their 2010 album, 99 Songs of Revolution.
 * Nellie McKay on her 2015 album My Weekly Reader.

title: Red Rubber Ball


text: Category:Military equipment of Canada

title: Category:Military equipment of Canada


text:
JT the Bigga Figga

Joseph Thompson (born November 8, 1973), better known by his stage name JT the Bigga Figga (also known as Figg Panamera), is an American rapper, record producer, and record executive from the Fillmore, San Francisco, California. He has produced music on over one hundred albums, for artists including Daz Dillinger, Master P, The Game, San Quinn, and Messy Marv.

Music career
In 1991, Thompson founded the independent record label Get Low Recordz. What started as a basement enterprise and a one-man operation, would later become one of the most successful independent labels in the country.

Thompson's rap debut came in 1992 with the self-released album Don't Stop til We Major at the age of 18. The next year he followed it up with Playaz N the Game. The album's first single, "Game Recognize Game" received significant airplay, thrusting Thompson into the spotlight. The success of his album led to a bidding war among record labels, and he eventually signed with Priority Records in 1995. Subsequent albums released through Priority Records were unsuccessful, however, and in 1996 the label elected to release Thompson from his contract. Thompson appeared on No Limit Records's May 1997 release, I'm Bout It, appearing on the song "Game Tight" with The Fast One. Both Thompson & The Fast One produced the song.

After the dissolution of his contract with Priority Records, Thompson went back to self-distributing his albums through Get Low Recordz. With the money from his deal with Priority, Thompson invested in a new state of the art recording studio and began rapidly producing and releasing numerous albums. In 2000, after signing a modest distribution deal with Bayside Records, Get Low began expanding, releasing nearly 20 albums a year.

In 2002, Thompson published an E-Book called The CEO Manual.

Thompson is credited with discovering rapper The Game, and releasing his first two albums Untold Story and QB 2 Compton before The Game signed with Dr. Dre and debuted as a member of the Aftermath Entertainment camp.

In fall of 2005, Thompson was named A&R for the West Coast operations of the Houston, Texas-based Rap-A-Lot Records.

Thompson's film credits include the Spike Lee movie Sucker Free City (2004), and SKUZZ TV (2007), a reality based documentary DVD released by 3MZ productions.

In 2006, Thompson worked with Snoop Dogg on a documentary DVD entitled Mandatory Business, which featured Russell Simmons, Spike Lee, Xzibit, Young Buck and 50 Cent.

As of 2015, Thompson founded the Netflix-like on-demand service Trapflix, which showcases urban films, documentaries, concert footage, and music. Thompson has heavily been involved in filming and directing, releasing over 40 films and documentaries since 2000. Thompson is now spreading his independent knowledge and the concept of Pan-Africanism in Burkina Faso, and posts daily on his YouTube channel, Trapflix TV. He founded the label "Fillmoelanta". He is also one of the most recognized marketing/promotion talents in hip-hop and has served many high-profile clients such as Rich Gang, G-Unit, Snoop Dogg, and many more. He has also released a series of collaboration tapes with Gucci Mane.

Discography

 * Solo albums
 * 1992: Don't Stop til We Major
 * 1993: Playaz N the Game
 * 1995: Dwellin' in tha Labb
 * 1996: Operation Takeover
 * 1997: Game Tight
 * 1999: Something Crucial
 * 2000: Puttin' It on the Map
 * 2002: Hustle Relentless
 * 2003: Project Poetry
 * 2005: Neighborhood Supastarz
 * 2005: Who Grind Like Us?
 * 2006: Name in Your Mouth
 * 2006: Drop Your Thangs, Just Box
 * 2007: Mr. Vice President
 * 2008: Mandatory Business (Block Edition)

 * Collaboration albums
 * 2000: Beware of Those (with Mac Mall)
 * 2001: Beware of Those Vol. 2 (with Mac Mall)
 * 2001: Cali Thuggin (with Speedy Loc)
 * 2001: Bay Area Bosses (Compilation album)
 * 2001: Long Beach 2 Fillmoe (with Daz Dillinger)
 * 2001: Game for Sale (with Daz Dillinger)
 * 2002: Aint No Punkz (with Dem Frisco Boyz)
 * 2002: Street Warz (with Young Noble)
 * 2002: Know About It (with Tha Gamblaz)
 * 2002: Gotta Get It (with Juvenile)
 * 2003: Game Tight Vol. 2 (with C-Bo, Killa Tay, Daz Dillinger, Sean T, Master P, Steady Mobbin, Mac Mall, Marvaless, Pizzo, Gamblaz, Biaje, San Quinn, Guce, Messy Marv, Seff Tha Gaffla, Mac Dre, Coolio, Cozmo, and Luni Coleone)
 * 2004: Illegal Game (with Mac Mall)
 * 2005: Turf Grinders (with Wali M)
 * 2009: Gang Injunction EP (with Young Buck)

 * Mixtapes
 * 2011: Drug Dealer Potential (with Kevin Gates)
 * 2012: Conflict of Interest
 * 2012: Fillmoelanta 2
 * 2012: Kill The Burglar
 * 2013: Bonkers
 * 2013: Don't Stop Til We Major
 * 2013: My Runner
 * 2013: Run Ya Bandz Up (with Future & Young Scooter)
 * 2014: The Independent Game
 * 2014: The Independent Game 2
 * 2015: Filmoelanta 3 (with Gucci Mane & Kevin Gates)
 * 2015: God's Plan
 * 2016: Trap Flix World (with DJ Tokars)
 * 2017: Cali Boy Down South

title: JT the Bigga Figga


text:
Talk:Xi River

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 4 January 2021 and 16 April 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): AbigaleJ, JackJiangZZ, Ltyeunh12. Peer reviewers: Thi-k-n, Wsvcis, Daixue1998.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 05:11, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
"Hsi" River is definitely not another name, just another transcription of "Xi" River. 219.136.197.242 02:21, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, fixed. Pcb21 Pete 10:11, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

Drainage basin
It should probably be pointed out, that in addition to Guangdong province,   the Xi River also drains about 85% of Guangxi province as well as part of Vietnam  and part of Yunnan and Guizhou province.Eregli bob (talk) 17:56, 6 April 2013 (UTC)

North, East, but not west
Article mentions Bei and Dong rivers literally translate to north and east respectively, but fails to mention that Xi translates to west in the articles text Ensign R (talk) 09:22, 2 February 2019 (UTC)

Protection
Reference 14-16 are the government policies and plans for the Xi River protection.

title: Talk:Xi River


text:
Ali Bourequat

Ali Bourequat is a Moroccan/Tunisian businessman who was secretly arrested and incarcerated for years by the Moroccan government in the infamous secret prison Tazmamart. He is a French citizen now living in the United States. He is the son of an Alaouite princess who worked in the royal court. He wrote a book on his ordeal.

Personal life
Bourequat is the son of an Alaouite princess and a Turkish-Tunisian businessman who was also a security chief and helped found Morocco's police and Intelligence service. His father was also a close friend of Mohammed V and so Ali and his brothers grew up in the inner circle of the court of King Hassan II.

Imprisonment
In 1973 he was, with his two brothers Midhat and Bayazid, abducted by the Moroccan secret police, tortured and jailed without trial for reasons he claims unknown even to himself.

He was originally incarcerated in facilities close to Rabat and in 1973 succeeded in escaping along with the mutineers of the 1971 failed coup but was recaptured several days later. In 1981 he was transferred to the Tazmamart prison, a secret detention facility with a 50% death rate. His family was given no information on his whereabouts, consistent with the practice of the Moroccan regime in cases of "forced disappearance", and he was never charged with a crime.

In 1991 he was released after pressure from human rights organization Amnesty International and the American government, along with other surviving Tazmamart prisoners, including his brothers, on the condition that he leave for France never to return.

The French government had consistently cooperated with Morocco in denying his imprisonment, and Bourequat was scalding in his critique of Paris's collaboration with the Moroccan government. While writing about his experiences and about the close ties between the Moroccan government and the French government, Bourequat stated he was threatened and harassed by both Moroccan and French secret police. He fled to the United States, where he was in 1995 granted asylum as the only American refugee from France.

He presently lives in Hendersonville, North Carolina (USA) where he remains a vocal critic of the Moroccan regime.

Publications

 * Ali Bourequat (1998), In the Moroccan King's Secret Gardens, Maurice Publishers

title: Ali Bourequat


text: Talk:List of storms named Danielle

title: Talk:List of storms named Danielle


text: Talk:List of storms named Danny

title: Talk:List of storms named Danny


text: Talk:List of storms named Dean

title: Talk:List of storms named Dean


text: Talk:List of storms named Dennis

title: Talk:List of storms named Dennis


text: Talk:List of storms named Diana

title: Talk:List of storms named Diana


text: Talk:List of storms named Dog

title: Talk:List of storms named Dog


text: Talk:List of storms named Dora

title: Talk:List of storms named Dora


text:
Talk:List of storms named Dolly

Requested move
Per the concensus of the WikiProject:Tropical Cyclones, the set index page should be at the main Hurricane Dolly article unless one of the many Hurricane Dollys is so catastrophic as to be retired by the World Meterological Organization. In the event that it is retired it would earn the right to the main Hurricane Dolly space and this set index page would be moved to Hurricane Dolly (disambiguation). But the name Dolly has not been retired and probably will not be. Some discussion has already taken place here.  Plasticup  T / C  13:49, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Dolly


text: User talk:68.62.85.163

title: User talk:68.62.85.163


text:
Killian

Killian or Kilian, as a given name, is an Anglicized version of the Irish name Cillian. The name Cillian was borne by several early Irish saints including missionaries to Artois (France) and Franconia (Germany) and the author of the life of St Brigid.

The name is said to derive from Saint Kilian, an Irish missionary to Germany in the 7th century, who, according to the Acta Sanctorum, was born in Mullagh, County Cavan, Ireland c. 640. He departed for his mission to the continent with 12 apostles from Kilmacologue in the parish of Tuosist, County Kerry, Ireland. In 689, he was martyred in Würzburg, now in Bavaria, and subsequently became the city's patron saint.

The most likely meaning of the name is 'little church', a reference to someone prayerful or spiritual, cill meaning 'church' in the Irish language, while the suffix -ín is used affectionately to indicate a "pet" or diminutive status. Patrick Woulfe wrote that Cillian is a diminutive of Ceallach which means 'war', 'strife', or 'bright-headed'.

Notable people named Cillian

 * Cillian Buckley (born 1992), an Irish hurler
 * Cillian Farrell (born 1977), an Irish hurling manager
 * Cillian McDaid (born 1997), an Irish Gaelic and Australian rules footballer
 * Cillian Morrison, an Irish Gaelic footballer
 * Cillian Murphy (born 1976), an Irish actor
 * Cillian O'Connor (born 1992), a Gaelic footballer for Mayo
 * Cillian Ryan, an economist and Pro Vice-Chancellor International, Nottingham Trent University
 * Cillian Sheridan (born 1987), an Irish professional footballer who plays for Kilmarnock
 * Cillian Twomey, a retired consultant physician in geriatric medicine at Cork University and St. Finbarr’s Hospital, Cork, Ireland
 * Cillian Vallely, an Irish musician
 * Cillian Willis (born 1985), a professional rugby union footballer employed by Leinster Rugby

Notable people named Killian

 * Killian Brady (born 1990), an Irish Gaelic footballer
 * Killian Brennan, an Irish footballer with the League of Ireland club St Patrick's Athletic
 * Killian Clarke (born 1993), an Irish Gaelic footballer
 * Killian Dain, ring name of Northern Irish professional wrestler Damian Mackle
 * Killian Donnelly, an Irish-born musical theatre performer
 * Aldrich Killian, supervillain and main antagonist of Iron Man 3
 * Dan A. Killian, American college sports coach
 * Edwin Henry Killian (1876–1928), a Major League Baseball pitcher primarily of the Detroit Tigers
 * Eugene H. Killian (1873–1943), an American politician
 * George E. Killian, a sports administrator and the president of the International University Sports Federation
 * Gustav Killian (1860–1921), a German laryngologist for whom Killian's dehiscence is named
 * James Rhyne Killian (1904–1988), the 11th president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 * Jerry B. Killian, an officer in the Texas Air National Guard in the early 1970s, to whom Lieutenant George W. Bush was a subordinate
 * Richard Killian, an American businessman and politician
 * Robert K. Killian (1919–2005), an American politician from the state of Connecticut
 * Killian Scott, an Irish actor
 * Killian K. Van Rensselaer (1763–1845), member of the United States House of Representatives from New York
 * Killian Peier, Swiss ski jumper, 2019 World Championships medalist
 * Killian Tillie (born 1998), French basketball player
 * Killian Hayes (born 2001), American–French basketball player

Notable people named Kilian

 * Saint Kilian, an Irish missionary bishop and the apostle of Franconia
 * Kilian Elkinson (born 1990), Bermudian footballer
 * Kílian Jornet Burgada, a Spanish ski mountaineer, long-distance runner, mountain biker and duathlete
 * Kilian Zierer (born 2000), German-born American football player
 * André Kilian, a German-born footballer playing for North Queensland Fury
 * Caleb Kilian (born 1997), American baseball player
 * Crawford Kilian, a Canadian novelist and a college professor
 * Hanns Kilian (1905–1981), a German bobsledder who competed from the late 1920s to the late 1930
 * Inge Kilian (born 1935), a German high jumper
 * John Kilian (1811–1884), a Lutheran pastor and leader of the colony known as the Wends of Texas
 * Michael Kilian (1939–2005), author and journalist primarily for the Chicago Tribune in Washington, D.C
 * Victor Kilian (1891–1979), an American actor blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studio in the 1950s
 * Wiesław Kilian, a Polish politician

Notable people named Kylian

 * Kylian Hazard, a Belgian footballer
 * Kylian Mash (born 1983), French DJ and record producer
 * Kylian Mbappé, a French footballer

Notable people named Killion

 * John Joseph Killion (1859–1937), known as Jake Kilrain, a famous bare knuckle fighter and glove boxer of the 1880s
 * Kyle Killion, an American football linebacker
 * Redley A. Killion, a Micronesian politician
 * Sean Killion, an American swimmer
 * Tom Killion, an American politician from Pennsylvania

title: Killian


text:
Ned Eisenberg

Ned Eisenberg (January 13, 1957 – February 27, 2022) was an American actor known for his recurring role on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit as Roger Kressler.

Early life and education
Eisenberg grew up in the Riverdale neighborhood of the Bronx. He graduated from Riverdale Junior High School in 1972 and from there went on to the Performing Arts High School, a subsidiary of Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School. He described himself as a "street-style" actor, coming up through the ranks rather than academic programs, and his training included jazz-dance classes with Betsy Haug.

Career
Eisenberg had a leading role in the film Key Exchange (1985), followed by a major tour of the Broadway play Brighton Beach Memoirs, and guest starred on various 1980s television series such as The Equalizer and Miami Vice. This led to a starring role in the television comedy The Fanelli Boys, which also starred Christopher Meloni and Joe Pantoliano. He also played supporting roles in films such as The Exterminator (1980), The Burning (1981), Slayground (1983), Moving Violations (1985), Air America (1990), Last Man Standing (1996), Primary Colors (1998), A Civil Action (1998), Woody Allen's Celebrity (1998), and Experimenter (2015).

In 1987, he cofounded the Naked Angels Theatre Company with longtime friend Fisher Stevens.

Beginning in 1997, Eisenberg appeared on the NBC series Law & Order, typically playing a defense attorney. He had a recurring role on spinoff Law & Order: Special Victims Unit as defense attorney Roger Kressler. In 1999, he appeared in the first season episode of The Sopranos ("Denial, Anger, Acceptance") as Ariel. He also continued his film career by appearing in Clint Eastwood's Academy Award–winning drama Million Dollar Baby (2004) and played the role of photographer Joe Rosenthal in the 2006 film Flags of Our Fathers, also directed by Eastwood.

Personal life and death
Eisenberg was married to actress Patricia Dunnock, and had one son.

Eisenberg died from complications of cholangiocarcinoma at his home in New York, on February 27, 2022, at the age of 65.

In the last two years of his life, Eisenberg continued to work while fighting the cancer in private, ensuring that he and his family still had medical coverage and financial stability due to his earnings.

title: Ned Eisenberg


text:
Nathaniel Mountain

Nathaniel Mountain is a mountain ridge that runs southwest northeast through Hampshire County in West Virginia's Eastern Panhandle, rising to its greatest elevation of 2739 ft above sea-level. The mountain is bound at its western flank by the South Branch Potomac River and to its eastern flank by South Branch Mountain 3028 ft. The bulk of Nathaniel Mountain is located within the Nathaniel Mountain Wildlife Management Area (WMA) owned by the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources.

The rugged topography of Nathaniel Mountain and its WMA is dominated by mature oak and hickory forests with Virginia pine. The mountain also supports a habitat for a variety of neo-tropical migratory birds and two wetlands identified by The Nature Conservancy. Nathaniel Mountain's forested wetlands are a unique find at such a high elevation. The wetlands include a number of plant species not common in the region, including sphagnum moss (Sphagnum andersonianum) and the cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea). White-tailed deer, wild turkeys, squirrels, black bears, and grouse may be pursued by hunters on the mountain. Nathaniel Mountain's Mill Run serves as a habitat for rainbow trout and native brook trout.

title: Nathaniel Mountain


text:
Whittington, Worcestershire

Whittington is a small village near Worcester close to Junction 7 of the M5 motorway, bounded by the motorway and the B4084, in the District of Wychavon. The motorway cuts through the village, most of it being on the west side but some houses were left on the east side.

Amenities
There is one public house – The Swan, a village and parish church, and an active village hall.

The village has a primary school.

History
There is an ancient burial mound referred to as Whittington Tump or just "The Tump" across the A44 road from the public house. The tump is thought to have been a barrow but no burial remains have been found there. It has been claimed that the hill was built by the order of Oliver Cromwell, whereupon his soldiers used their helmets to carry dirt to build the hill in celebration of the victory of the Battle of Worcester in 1651, but evidence for this seems lacking. The setting of this ancient monument was significantly diminished by the building of the M5 motorway a very short distance away, further damage being caused by the widening of the A44, which was rebuilt to bypass the village. It was then damaged again by the building on the north side of the Tump of the road going west to the new crossing of the River Severn south of Worcester.

Tump is Worcestershire dialect for a small hill and may be derived from the Welsh language word "Twmpath". An unty tump is a molehill, unty being local dialect for a mole.

The parish of Whittington also includes the hamlet of Swinesherd, part of which was also lost to the building of the M5 motorway.

title: Whittington, Worcestershire


text:
Red Sparowes

Red Sparowes is an American, Los Angeles-based post-rock band, comprising current and former members of Isis, Marriages, The Nocturnes, Halifax Pier, Angel Hair and Pleasure Forever. Their sound is characteristic of soundscape-influenced experimental rock, with an otherwise uncommon extensive use of a pedal steel guitar.

History
Red Sparowes formed in 2003 as a side project for its members. They signed to Neurot Recordings, Neurosis's record label. They recorded some demos for their debut album, and this led to tours with The Dillinger Escape Plan and Made Out of Babies in 2004. The debut was recorded in May 2004 by engineer Desmond Shea, with the resulting sound in the vein of guitarists Bryant Clifford Meyer and Jeff Caxide's band Isis, Chicago post-rock/metal outfit Pelican, as well as bands as varied as Sonic Youth and The Cure. Members Jeff Caxide and Dana Berkowitz relocated in late 2004, thus forcing them out of the band. They were replaced by Andy Arahood on guitar and bass, and David Clifford on drums.

Red Sparowes' first studio album, At the Soundless Dawn, was released in February 2005, following Clifford Meyer's Isis in their initial tours in support of Panopticon. Shortly after this release, a split 12" album was released with Gregor Samsa. The Red Sparowes side contained the second track from At the Soundless Dawn, "Buildings Began to Stretch Wide Across the Sky, And the Air Filled with a Reddish Glow," as well as a track recorded during the album's recording sessions with guitar by Michael Gallagher of Isis, initially only available on the Japanese release of the album. Following the release of the album, the band headlined a tour in Europe and participated in an American tour with Pelican, Big Business and Breather Resist. After touring the band released their follow-up record, Every Red Heart Shines Toward the Red Sun, in 2006. This release was followed by more touring of North America and Europe, including shows in the US with Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds.

In early 2008 Josh Graham parted ways with the rest of the band to pursue musical project A Storm of Light, and was replaced by guitarist Brendan Tobin.

In May 2008, Red Sparowes recorded new material with engineer Toshi Kasai (Melvins, Big Business, Tool), and in August that year the EP Aphorisms was released digitally.

Tobin departed in 2009 and in June, the band announced Emma Ruth Rundle as his replacement. Red Sparowes began recording their third full-length studio album with Kasai on August 24, 2009. The album, titled The Fear Is Excruciating, But Therein Lies the Answer, was released on April 6, 2010.

Red Sparowes had more or less been on an indefinite hiatus since late 2011, but in late September 2019, the band was announced to be playing at the 2020 edition of the Roadburn festival, as part of a lineup curated by guitarist Emma Ruth Rundle. Former guitarist Brendan Tobin and Baroness drummer Allen Blickle were announced for the show, joining 2011-era members Andy Arahood, Greg Burns, Clifford Meyer, and Rundle to form a six-piece band. On March 24, 2020, the band announced via their official Facebook account that their show had been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, similar to many concerts and tours in 2020. In the same post the band also confirmed that they were working on a new album.

Studio albums

 * At the Soundless Dawn (2005)
 * Every Red Heart Shines Toward the Red Sun (2006)
 * The Fear Is Excruciating, but Therein Lies the Answer (2010)

Live albums

 * Oh Lord, God of Vengeance, Show Yourself! (2006)

EPs

 * Aphorisms (2008)

Splits

 * Untitled split with Gregor Samsa (2005)
 * As The Black Wind Withers in the Sky, We Are Graced Dimly in Our Dreams split with Grails (2006)
 * Triad split with Made Out of Babies and Battle of Mice (2006)

Band members
Current
 * Bryant Clifford Meyer – guitar, keyboards (formerly of Isis) (2003-2011, 2019–present)
 * Greg Burns – bass, pedal steel guitar (of Marriages & Halifax Pier) (2003-2011, 2019–present)
 * Andy Arahood – guitar, bass (of Angel Hair) (2005-2011, 2019–present)
 * David Clifford – drums (of The VSS, Pleasure Forever, Marriages) (2005-2011, 2019–present)
 * Emma Ruth Rundle – guitar (of Marriages & The Nocturnes) (2009-2011, 2019–present)

Former
 * Josh Graham – guitar, keyboards (of Neurosis (visuals), Battle of Mice, A Storm of Light) (2003-2008)
 * Jeff Caxide – guitar, bass (formerly of Isis) (2003-2004)
 * Dana Berkowitz – drums (2003-2004)
 * Brendan Tobin – guitar (of Made Out of Babies) (2008-2009)

title: Red Sparowes


text:
Talk:Jack Gallagher (comedian)

Untitled
I've added a link to an IMDB Jack Gallagher, but there are several and I'm not sure I have the right one. Some of this biography is difficult to confirm there--who was he in Heartbreak Ridge, and can we confirm the title of that TV movie? (can't find it yet). I'm sure this will all check out, but citing another source would be helpful. Best wishes, --Dvyost 02:25, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

+IDMb lists a John Gallagher in the role of the bartender in Heartbreak Ridge, but that appears to be a different performer from Jack Gallagher. Perhaps reference to Eastwood movie should be removed. Dphen 16:11, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Added the fifth autobiographical play, "Complete and Unfinished".
Added the fifth autobiographical play, "Complete and Unfinished", incorporating the timeline from this article Victor.Sac (talk) 01:57, 11 March 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Jack Gallagher (comedian)


text: User talk:68.53.60.55

title: User talk:68.53.60.55


text:
User talk:DavidChalmers

Here's the welcome I got when I joined. Not sure why you didn't get one, but I figure you deserve the same ...

Welcome!

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

Cheers, sallison 02:25, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:DavidChalmers


text:
Don Juan Triumphant

Don Juan Triumphant is the name of a fictional opera conceived by the titular character of The Phantom of the Opera. In the 1986 musical The Phantom of the Opera by Andrew Lloyd Webber, the concept is expanded as an opera within a musical and the performance of it plays a major role in the storyline. The fictional piece draws major inspiration from Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Don Giovanni, yet the Phantom's opera is depicted as far more bleak and dark.

The novel
In the novel The Phantom of the Opera by novelist Gaston Leroux, Don Juan Triumphant (Don Juan triomphant) is an initially unfinished piece that Erik, the Phantom, has been working on for a period of over twenty years. At one point, he remarks that once he completes it, he will take the score into the coffin he uses for a bed and simply never wake up. Erik plays a section of his opera following his masking at the hands of Christine Daaé, who is stunned by the power of the music. As she describes it, the music takes the listener through every detail of suffering of "the ugly man," taking her into the abyss of the wretched torment and misery Erik has experienced in his life. The piece, in Daaé's view, makes pain divine. At the end, it takes a rapid ascent out of misery whirling up into a triumphant and victorious flight as 'ugliness', lifted on the wings of love, dared to look 'beauty' in the face.

Erik's choice of title and use of "Don Juan" is never truly explained, so it remains subject to various interpretations. Initially, when Christine sees the score and asks him to play it for her, Erik gets highly defensive and tells her never to ask him that again. The Phantom remarks that she is lucky not to come to that kind of music yet, as his Don Juan "burns" with fire not from heaven and would consume anyone who came near it, whereas Mozart's and Lorenzo da Ponte's original Don Giovanni, inspired by vice and love affairs fueled by pettiness, will only make one "weep". After the Phantom is unmasked and his hideousness is revealed, Erik spitefully, and probably sarcastically, remarks that he is the same kind of man as Don Juan, because once a woman sees him, she loves him forever. He yells to her that he is "Don Juan triumphant". Eventually he crawls into his room to play his masterpiece to "forget the horror of the moment." Christine is so moved by what she hears that for a fleeting moment she believes that his hideous appearance no longer matters, although her opinion soon changes.

Erik finishes Don Juan Triumphant before the novel's end, and, instead of just automatically taking it with him into his coffin to die like he had originally said, he then wants instead to live a normal life doing normal things, with a wife, like everyone else. Earlier he is shown exclaiming that it "must be finished first!" with a sense of urgency. It seems to suggest that in Christine he saw hope of a new life, distinct from the darkness and passionate misery with which Don Juan Triumphant was created, and which had defined his life up until that point.

While the Phantom clearly resolves to finish the piece, seeing it still as a major achievement, he passes away before he can reveal it to the world. The novel's narrator comments that the work was never found in the thirty years since Erik's death and speculates that it may still be in his house next to the subterranean lake beneath the Paris Opera.

The musical
In The Phantom of the Opera by Andrew Lloyd Webber, Don Juan Triumphant figures prominently in the second act as an opera within a musical. It is, as stated before, a thinly veiled adaptation of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Don Giovanni which premiered in Prague in 1787, only told from Don Juan's point of view. In this version, the Phantom forces the opera company to stage his work and orders Christine, a Swedish soprano and his protégée with whom he is in love, to be cast in the lead role. She reluctantly agrees to do so only after her fiancé, Raoul, devises a plan to catch the Phantom during the opening night performance. The score of Don Juan Triumphant is noticeably different from the style and staging of the rest of the piece and the operas the company perform on stage. It is dissonant, with darker tones and key changes closer to modern compositions, which serve to heighten the idea of the Phantom's genius; as a composer, he is portrayed as musically ahead of his time.

Only a small portion of the opera is seen onstage, in which Don Juan (played by leading tenor Ubaldo Piangi) and his servant Passarino make plans for Don Juan's seduction of the maiden Aminta (Christine). The two men have traded identities; Passarino (dressed as Don Juan) has already met Aminta and invited her to dinner. Don Juan (dressed as Passarino) is to meet Aminta and dine with her instead, during which "Don Juan" will loudly announce his return and "Passarino" will suggest that he and Aminta hide in a bedroom to avoid being found. As soon as Piangi slips into a hiding place to await the start of the scene, he is quietly strangled by the Phantom, who usurps him and sings "The Point of No Return" with Christine before declaring his love in front of the whole audience. The opera breaks up into chaos when she exposes his horribly deformed face and Piangi's body is found, leading to the finale of the musical ("Down Once More"/"Track Down This Murderer").

In the 2004 film adaptation of the musical, the audience at the opera house is seen recoiling in shock at the jarring discordance and staging of Don Juan Triumphant, which is very different from the traditional opera stagings they are used to. The costumes of the actors are also more sexualized than that in the stage show, being depicted as more form-flattering and tighter. Christine's dress, for example, changes from the low cut pink dress of the show to a sleeveless Spanish-style dress, complete with a flower in her hair. The Phantom's costume has varied considerably as well. In the show, when he reappears playing the part of Don Juan, his entire face and body are covered with a cloak and hood. In the film, he performs the number in a red toreador outfit and black eye mask which in turn alerts Christine and the audience to the fact that it is the Phantom singing to her immediately. In the show, where Christine comes to the moment of realization varies depending upon the performer. In some performances, Christine realizes it when the Phantom places his hands in front of her face/eyes, a gesture he had previously did in "The Music of the Night". In other versions, Christine feels the Phantom's mask under his cloak upon touching his face, and reacts accordingly.

In other works
For the 1989 film The Phantom of the Opera, an aria of Don Juan Triumphant was composed by Misha Segal.

In Susan Kay's 1990 novel Phantom, it is mentioned that it was a piece solely based on passion and anger, as Erik's (the Phantom) childhood gypsy captor sardonically nicknamed him "Don Juan". When Christine hears Erik playing it, he remarks, "I raped her with my music."

In Nicholas Meyer's 1993 novel The Canary Trainer, Sherlock Holmes attempts to recover the Phantom's copy of Don Juan Triumphant from beneath the Paris Opera, but is unable to locate it. He states that based on the portions he heard, it was a masterpiece, but admits that he may have got (uncharacteristically) caught up in the emotion of the moment, and that it may not have been so great after all.

In Frederick Forsyth's 1999 novel The Phantom of Manhattan, which is a sequel to the musical, it is stated that Don Juan Triumphant was never performed again after its debut performance in the musical. During the novel, Erik composes a second play for Christine to perform, The Angel of Shiloh, about a love triangle between a Virginian plantation-owner's daughter, a deformed Connecticut officer, and a Virginian cavalryman set during the Battle of Shiloh during the American Civil War.

title: Don Juan Triumphant


text:
Marlboro Friday

Marlboro Friday refers to April 2, 1993, when Philip Morris announced a 20% price cut to their Marlboro cigarettes to fight back against generic competitors, which were increasingly eating into their market share.

As a result, Philip Morris's stock fell 26%, and the share value of other branded consumer product companies, including Coca-Cola and RJR Nabisco, fell as well. The broad index fell 1.98% that day. Fortune magazine deemed Marlboro Friday "the day the Marlboro Man fell off his horse." Philip Morris investors interpreted the price slash as an admission of defeat from the Marlboro brand, evidence that Philip Morris could no longer justify its higher price tag and now had to compete with generic brands.

At the time, this event was regarded as signifying "the death of a brand" and the advent of a "value-minded" consumer generation who pay more attention to the real value of products and not the brand names. This view soon proved to be incorrect, with the rest of the decade's economy as well as the 2000s to present being dominated by brands and driven by high-budget marketing campaigns.

title: Marlboro Friday


text:
Category:Television stations in the Caribbean

This category lists broadcast television stations seen on the Caribbean Islands and other Atlantic islands. Subcategories should be organized by island territory name.


text:
St. John the Baptist Ukrainian Catholic National Shrine

St. John the Baptist Ukrainian Catholic National Shrine is a prominent Ukrainian Catholic church in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

History
The only Ukrainian Catholic parish in the Ottawa region, the St. John the Baptist parish first formed in 1914. After meeting in other parishes' churches for some years, in 1918 the parish purchased a building to the west of downtown and converted it into a church.

The congregation of St. John the Baptist Ukrainian Catholic Church erected a memorial scroll which is dedicated to the memory of the members of this Parish who served during the Second World War.

In 1966 it moved into a temporary building on Carling Avenue. It was planned to build a permanent church on that site, but the location proved too small.

The current church was built in 1987. It is located near the intersection of Baseline Road and Prince of Wales Drive, overlooking the Rideau Canal and Carleton University. The ornate structure in Konstantin Thon's Neo-Byzantine style, was in part built to celebrate the millennium of the Baptism of Kiev. The artworks (icons and stained glass windows) within were done by five artists from Ukraine. Despite being only a parish church, due to its national status it was granted the title of Sobor. The church is owned and operated by the Basilians.


text:
Sinatra Swings

Sinatra Swings (originally titled Swing Along with Me) is the twenty-second studio album by American singer Frank Sinatra with Billy May and his Orchestra, released in July 1961.

The album's two titles derive from the fact that Capitol thought the album, originally titled Swing Along With Me, was too close in sound and title to Sinatra's earlier Capitol album Come Swing with Me! that the label sought, and was granted, a court order requiring Reprise to change the title of this, only his second Reprise album, to Sinatra Swings. Reprise was not required to recall LPs already shipped, but had to print new labels and jackets. All compact disc releases have retained the artwork with the alternate title intact.

It was advertised on the record sleeve as featuring "twelve of the most uninhibited Sinatra things ever recorded." The tracks were arranged and conducted by Billy May and his orchestra. Sinatra had a small hit with the single "Granada" included on this album.

Personnel

 * Frank Sinatra - vocals
 * Billy May - arranger, conductor

title: Sinatra Swings


text:
State University of Montes Claros

The State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Unimontes) is a university in Brazil with its main campus at Montes Claros in the state of Minas Gerais. Unimontes started out as independent colleges, supported by a foundation. Between 1989–1990, it became an integrated governmental university, financed by the state of Minas Gerais, and by Fadenor. Unimontes has 10 campuses in cities that surround Montes Claros. The university has about 6000 students and 1008 teachers. Fadenor (a foundation that gives financial support to the university), has almost 15,000 students.

title: State University of Montes Claros


text:
Johannes Ullrich

Johannes Ullrich is the Dean of Research for SANS Technology Institute, a SANS Faculty Fellow, and founder of the SANS Internet Storm Center (DShield), a global network security community. In 2004, Johannes was recognized as one of the Top 50 Most Powerful People in Networking by Network World Magazine.

Johannes grew up in Germany and moved to the US where he obtained a Ph.D. in physics from the University at Albany. His work on x-ray optics was awarded a number of research grants by NASA and the Department of Energy. He also authored a chapter in the Handbook of Optics. He also was the recipient of the ISSA's 2018 President's Award for Public Service.

title: Johannes Ullrich


text:
Talk:List of storms named Earl

Origin Of This Storm Name
I seem to have heard it somewhere, not sure where, the name Earl was originally added to the list at the end of the 1970's to replace another name that started with an "E" and was probably retired. Do not know what name was retired or how that happened, but it could possibly be relevant to this article. Thank-You!!!Lesbrown99 (talk) 14:18, 1 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Tad late of a reply but the name Earl was introduced to the lists after new naming lists were created with alternating male and female names, with the first year using the new lists being 1979. Hopes that answers the question you had 12 years ago! Julius008 (talk) 17:50, 16 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Earl


text:
Talk:Hurricane Easy (1950)

Todo
Looks good, great sources and organization. Could use some more pictures if at all possible. --Core des at talk! 00:54, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Cool. I tried finding another pic (radar or damage), but I had no luck. The only way other picture that could possibly occur is if David Roth does a rainfall pic, though he's not in that time period yet. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 01:11, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

Incorrect information
I removed the statement which reported that Easy "was the first hurricane to strike the Florida Keys since 1919." This is blatantly false. You cannot forget the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935, which was a direct strike upon the islands. In addition, hurricanes struck the Keys during 1945 and 1948. Look at the list of Florida hurricanes, too. The previous information directly contradicted the rest of Wikipedia's sources and articles. I just wanted to bring this fact to your attention. CapeVerdeWave ( talk ) 12:03, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 18:31, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Hurricane Easy (1950)


text:
Talk:Hurricane Edith (1971)

Image
I found a good radar image, but it's a PDF. Is there some way I can upload PDFs?

E. Brown, Hurricane enthusiast - Squawk Box 21:44, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

I dunno, but here's one online after weakening from Cat. 5. It's from this website, so I'm not sure if the owner will allow it or not. Hurricanehink 03:02, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * http://www.freewebs.com/hurricanereplenishingproject/HRP%20EDITH%2071.JPG
 * http://www.freewebs.com/hurricanereplenishingproject/images.htm

Class
I lowered it to stub, seeing as there's only one sentence for impact. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 02:12, 6 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Wow. It looks great now. It must be at least a start class. íslenskur fel lib ylur #12 (samtal) 12:38, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
 * What more does it need for B class? Hurricanehink ( talk ) 16:15, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Nothing. You were right to put it on GAN. I doubt any more pictures are available, so I'm not sure what else this could need. The person who reviews this on GAN might be able to help. --Core des at 02:38, 3 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Cool. Yea, there are some pictures in the newspaper archive, though all are copyrighted. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 02:42, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

GA Pass
Good job, as usual. Two notes before it makes its inevitable FAC run:
 * 1) Consider getting a source on the last part, about it being one of four Cat 5's not to be retired.
 * 2) A few areas could use some minor cleanup in terms of prose.  It reads fine, but could use a copyeditor before you explore further promotion.

Congrats on another great hurricane article. --badlydrawnjeff talk 19:55, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I think it should instantly be upgraded to A-class. CrazyC83 21:06, 3 November 2006 (UTC)
 * If Hink's record is any indication, this will be a FA in a month anyway. --badlydrawnjeff talk 23:20, 3 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks :) Hurricanehink ( talk ) 23:29, 3 November 2006 (UTC)
 * You were off by about two weeks... too early Tito xd (?!?) 20:15, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

Almost ready for FAC
I think this is almost ready for WP:FAC personally. CrazyC83 01:41, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Would anyone opposed to me putting it up for FAC? I currently have Fabian up, so if there's some outstanding objections I might need some help getting it done. However, Edith seems ready. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 01:52, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

 * No objections here. CrazyC83 05:46, 10 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Ditto. íslenskur fel lib ylur #12 (samtal) 14:48, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

Rapidly, Rapidly, Rapidly.....
In the intro of the page you use the word "rapidly" 3 times. Maybe you should change this, as this article is being reviewed for FA status.-Hairchrm 06:16, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

Broken link
The link for the last ref is broken. --- RockMFR 23:57, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Fixing. Apparently the NHC changes the page name every year (so it is now at ). —Cuiviénen 00:29, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
 * And the Wayback Machine doesn't have a record of it, as it blocks the spider via robots.txt. Tito xd (?!? - cool stuff) 00:32, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Try web cite - http://www.webcitation.org Raul654 05:51, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Nope, doesn't work either. Tito xd (?!? - cool stuff) 07:56, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

A face.
Is it just me or does that picture resemble a face with it's cheeks puffed up and blowing...weird. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by GothmogII (talk • contribs) 11:27, 24 April 2007 (UTC).

 * Hey, you're right! Brutannica 03:49, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

Vandalism
Since it's a FA, it has been vandalized a bit. Semi-protection until off front page? -Domovoi 17:50, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Nah, it's still manageable. Tito xd (?!? - cool stuff) 21:09, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

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Requested move 24 April 2017

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. (non-admin closure) TonyBallioni (talk) 21:57, 1 May 2017 (UTC)

Hurricane Edith (1971) → Hurricane Edith – Much more |Hurricane_Edith_(1963)|Hurricane_Edith_(1955) prominent than any other Ediths. Thus this article is considered by me primary topic. --SMB99thx XD (contribs) 09:44, 24 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose no need to pick Top Hurricane Edith, the 1963 and 1955 ones still did damage. In ictu oculi (talk) 16:19, 24 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose per above, not a clear primary topic. –  Juliancolton  | Talk 18:11, 29 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose no it's not the primary topic because it's not more prominent by a wide major than the others. YE Pacific Hurricane  19:05, 29 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose - Negative, ghostrider, for the same reasons already listed. TropicalAnalystwx13 (talk · contributions) 21:46, 29 April 2017 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

WP:URFA/2020

 * Decent amount of scholarly literature discussed here (I tried to weed out earlier Ediths but there are some still here)
 * The article claims there is no known Mexico impact. While I haven't checked Mexican newspapers, I would implore that impact definitely did occur. The storm made landfall in Mexico twice. The Mexican gov't produced and  detailing the rainfall.

This feels so wrong on so many levels, but I regretfully have to send this to WP:FARGIVEN since there's a lot missing. CCI check is not done. Noah Talk 20:18, 4 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Do you still have the same concerns listed above for this article? If so, would you be interested in bringing this article to WP:FAR? Z1720 (talk) 14:52, 21 November 2023 (UTC)
 * No progress has been made. I don't have the time to raise a FAR and participate since I am heading into finals. Noah, AATalk 22:31, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hurricane Edith (1971)


text: Talk:List of storms named Edouard

title: Talk:List of storms named Edouard


text: Talk:List of storms named Elena

title: Talk:List of storms named Elena


text:
User talk:Eddyorinda

I am a Law student at Karazin Kharkiv National University.

Previously I have been a DDP - Criminology student at Washington State University (WSU) in the U.S and also sat on the student government (ASWSU) committee on Public Relations (PR).

I was elected and served as the President of the Kenyan Community in Ukraine (KCU). KCU's primary purpose is to promote the development and advancement of the Kenyan students in Ukraine. Further, promote positive change in Kenya through charitable efforts in the areas science and technology as may be derived from members’ expertise as well as to promote honesty in governance pursuant to Kenyan democratic ideals in order to foster Kenya's economic, political and social growth.

In Ukraine, I also sit on the Organising Committee of the United Nations UNDP for the All Ukrainian Youth Summit of Ukraine.

Besides school, I Co-Chair alongside Prof. Edward Oyugi the Board of Directors of Windows For Young Pepole in Africa (WYPA), which I founded in 1999 shortly after high school.

Since it’s establishment, Windows for Young People in Africa (WYPA) has been working towards strengthening international cooperation among young persons with a view to integrating them into the global system.

My responsibilities included establishing networks within Africa that would provide an opportunity for young people to discuss and develop consensus on modalities of contribution to society at various levels and also to identify and promote areas and opportunities for multi-stakeholder partnerships for young people’s social and economic development.

Earlier within the IYPF, I worked as the Project Cordinator of International Commision for Africa Project, a program of the International Young Professionals Foundation (IYPF). The IYPF is a not-for-profit public company based in Australia that is working in the fields of human rights, poverty eradication, environment and social capital, within the broad context of sustainability.

It utilizes and promotes the resources, skills and knowledge that Young Professionals can bring to this arena in order to create a better world for current and futuregenerations.

My main role was to stimulate input from African young professionals to the International Commission on Africa. The International Young Professionals Foundation (IYPF), which has initiated this discussion process with its African membership and stakeholders, recognises that African young professionals – and their businesses and organisations – will be key actors and partners in the achievement of the Commission’s goals. It is therefore important that they have input to the Commission’s deliberations and are given the opportunity to contribute as vital resources and drivers for a better Africa for current and future generations.

In the coming month, I am taking up a new role in the area of legal affairs of the International Young Professionals Foundation.

Other organizations and networks I have worked for Include but not limited to Social Development Network (SODNET), African Youth Parliament (AYP 2003), CARE International in Kenya and the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ).

Shortly after my first degree, I would like to master in International Criminal Law with specific interests in International Relations (IR). After this I would like to teach at a University for a while before I can proceed on with doctoral studies

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

'He is a hard worker and very diligent in attention to detail, following through on actions and ensuring targets for deliverables are met. Eddy is ambitious, highly motivated, articulate, proactive and a team player' - Cameron Neil, CEO, International Young Professionals Foundation (IYPF)

title: User talk:Eddyorinda


text: Talk:List of storms named Erika

title: Talk:List of storms named Erika


text: User:Exir Kamalabadi/E2

title: User:Exir Kamalabadi/E2


text: Talk:List of storms named Erin

title: Talk:List of storms named Erin


text:
Talk:List of storms named Ernesto

"Hurricane"
Hi. Shouldn't "hurricane Ernesto" redirect to the actual hurricane, while "tropical storm Ernesto" redirect to this page? There is only one "hurricane" Ernesto. Should this be mentioned, or changed? Thanks. A stroHur  ricane  00  1 (Talk+Contribs+Ubx) 15:06, 17 March 2007 (UTC)
 * For any future viewers of this page, a second Hurricane Ernesto occurred in 2012, 5 years after this comment. Neither seems to be objectively a more primary topic. Chris857 (talk) 00:16, 3 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Ernesto


text:
Talk:Jazz hands

article issues
No sources (could not find many), should be marked for cleaned up. This is a legit article, because there are nearly 50,000 search results on Google.

--Psycho78m 02:31, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Found on a message board: "jazz hands are when you spread your fingers with your palms out and "twinkle" your fingers, and it's a force of habit for dancers trained in jazz." Also, this is a crucial plot point in the movie "Bring It On" it was mentioned, but if you think I'm watching that, you're probably nuts.

--Psycho78m 06:33, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Like 3 years late on this, but that movie has Kirsten Dunst in it. Admit it, you'd watch A walk with Jesus or something if she were in it. At least I would. - M  ask?  21:24, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

'net phenom?
Other articles on things that have become internet phenomena, such as O RLY? and Badger Badger Badger, are extensive and fairly complete. I don't know if "jazz hands" is widespred enough to be a bona fide internet phenomena, but on LiveJournal I see dozens of userpics (avatars) with different pictures of people (and animals) doing the gesture, and the words "jazz hands" driving the joke home. And that's just the small sampling from users and communities that I pay attention to, so the thing could be way more widespread than I can see. I've never had anyone explain it to me as a Simpsons reference, so I have to wonder if there's another layer to this thing that isn't being covered here. Any research would be greatly appreciated. - Ugliness Man 21:02, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

I have only recently heard the Term "Jazz Hands", when it was referred to on BBC radio 4. I got the impression that it was a cartoon, camp and over the top gesture, which hetrosexual people that are ignorant of homosexual behaviour, would wrongly expect homosexual people to be doing all the time with giddy abandon.

Originated as a stylized gesture in early tap performances - think about vaudeville numbers with glove-wearing performers, fingers spread wide. So yeah, you might have just heard of it, but it's been around a for a bit. Magichands 21:06, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Jazz hands vs. Spirit fingers
I got the impression that jazz hands is a rotation only in the elbow joint, and that spirit fingers is a rotation only in the fingers. Any thoughts? --Bensin 21:29, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

Agreed they are not the same thing —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.82.9.54 (talk) 02:54, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

New picture
We should get a new picture, the old one is.... unencyclopedic, to say the least. Crowstar Vaseline-on-the-lens-Jitsu!fwends! 16:55, 9 August 2007 (UTC)
 * This is perhaps a bit "late", but I'll respond in the picture's defense by simply pointing out that the picture does indeed portray the subject, and is not far off at all in terms of basic "appropriateness." That said, it would probably be best complemented by another photo, one of an actual jazz/other performer doing a different variant of the gesture. $$\sim$$ Lenoxus " * " 02:20, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

Also, the title of the article is the plural form "jazz hands," and the picture's subject only has one hand extended with palm toward the audience--more appropriately, a "jazz hand." --Bobdc (talk) 13:43, 28 January 2013 (UTC)

 * The picture should be removed. 97.113.95.167 (talk) 05:43, 17 November 2021 (UTC)

that film
what was the name of the film about those cheerleaders, where that dance teacher guy does jazz hands at them? might that not be included in the bottom section of the article? 129.12.234.250 03:35, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

Umm...meaning?
What exactly does the jazz hands gesture mean? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.140.218.179 (talk) 01:54, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

book refs
Surprised to see this article so wantonly tagged with "ref needed". Here are a couple of book refs:

 *
 *

These two are trivial, but reinforce:
 *
 *

At the moment, unable to really devote time to add them. If nobody else does, I'll revisit this sooner or later. Yngvarr (t) (c) 10:54, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

as seen on TV
Craig Ferguson constantly mentions jazz hands... AnonMoos (talk) 16:17, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

horrible photo
If that guy doesn't want his face in wikipedia, he shouldn't pose for a pic in it. It looks like he is either hiding from a police ID or just threw a pie in his own face. At very least, crop the sunnuva bits out of the photo, leaving just his arm and hand.

Someone take a picture where the model is on one knee, both hands are extended, and is looking forward and smiling, as in the end of an onstage musical number. A public domain photo from an expired old movie would do.

I can't model the pic because I'm ugly and so are all my friends. 67.162.165.126 (talk) 06:46, 28 June 2013 (UTC)

 * As mentioned above, this picture should simply be removed. 97.113.95.167 (talk) 05:45, 17 November 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅, replaced with File:AVROs Music Hall . George Holmes (danser), Bestanddeelnr 915-0465.jpg from Commons. Belbury (talk) 14:50, 17 July 2023 (UTC)

Other uses
I'm not convinced by the claim that the term 'jazz hands' is used humorously in the UK to refer to tremors experienced during delirium tremens, and the source cited does not appear reliable. I can't find any reliable sources that would support the suggestion.

Does this simply need to be tagged, or would it be best to delete the whole section? Gillis85 (talk) 22:42, 6 November 2013 (UTC)

Potential offensive term
It was mentioned recently to me that "Jazz Hands" came from Lithuanian-American entertainer Al Jolson, Blackface and Black and White Minstrel Show. It is clearly shown as a gesture in the video [Video|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPDn0EMPZK0]. Any thoughts? Claratee (talk) 11:47, 18 September 2020 (UTC)

 * You're overthinking this. "Jazz hands" is simply Broadway theater shtick. (Think classic Carol Channing.) It's as common as any other gesture in dance and stage performance. It doesn't carry any cultural baggage or negative connotation at all. 97.113.95.167 (talk) 05:49, 17 November 2021 (UTC)

To add to article
To add to this article (in order to make it more properly encyclopedic): the first time the term "jazz hands" appeared in print, television, film, or any other medium. 173.88.246.138 (talk) 21:22, 27 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jazz hands


text:
Talk:Ningbo

Translation
Anyone who could offer the official translations of "友好城市" and "友好交流关系城市" will be greatly appreciated. :) --Plastictv 02:31, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Economic A Zone
I saw Ningbo listed on a company's website as "Ningbo Zhenhai Economic A Zone Ningbo City". The only information I've found so far is Special_economic_zone, but it doesn't specifically mention Ningbo. I'm curious - what does Economic A Zone indicate? Information about any special labor laws or worker conditions especially appreciated. Thanks! --Damate 13:53, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

Population
The current data seem to be outdated. Should be something like 2M for just the metropolitan area.--Tong 22:08, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

The population data is current, according to the websites of Haishu District, Jiangdong District, and Jiangbei District. This is the best data available. Jovialman 09:54, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

"7,605,700 inhabitants, 3,491,000 of whom reside in the urban area" - how are these numbers proven by the given reference which, if I were to believe Google Translation, says "The end of the city's registered population of 571.0 million people, more than the previous year by 5.2 ‰, of which the urban population of 221.8 million people." How do you prove these numbers with that? --Oop (talk) 08:15, 11 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Also, it seems that particular document was published on Feb 1, 2010, and talked about the statistics in the end of 2009, not 2010. --Oop (talk) 08:55, 11 October 2012 (UTC)

Jewish settlement
History_of_the_Jews_in_China mentions Ningbo as one of the known settlements of Jews in China, but that is not mentioned in this article. Wakablogger2 (talk) 23:32, 14 June 2010 (UTC)

Mass Deletion
Teamjenn, the majority of the "ridiculously lengthy history section", is composed of direct quotes from public domain sources. If you have a problem with the size, then delete only the quotes, and nothing else. I do not think you have malicious intentions, but be aware that some might think so, as part of "attack by association", meaning that you find one small problem thats part of something bigger, of which the rest is fine, but instead of removing the small problem, you deleted the entire thing. Its quite simple to only select the quote paragraphs and delete them while leaving everything else intact.Rund Van (talk) 04:51, 15 December 2011 (UTC)
 * These extremely large quantity of quotes you added, which takes almost 2/3 of the article's space, is just one of the problems. The history section should be a summarized account on the history of Ningbo, however right now it is very much incoherent, with a bunch of rambling content that is all over the place. You should know that when you add a considerably large amount of information, do not just keep going on and on, but "EDIT IT" and "CUT IT".  Try to avoid large amount of direct quotes and instead paraphrase these information with as a few sentences as possible so the main point is illustrated while it is still concise.  This is what writing an "encyclopedia" article is about, and why this is not a personal research paper, or a blog, where you don't have to worry about the overall appearance of an article.--Teamjenn (talk) 10:25, 15 December 2011 (UTC)

 * The reason why I removed these content is because I was hoping you would copy-edit and significantly trim them and then present them appropriately. So, now I'm going to trim the history section.  I'll try to keep the main points, but much of the content will be significantly reduced. You are free to edit and add to them as well, but bear in mind, keep them short and concise.   If you want more elaboration, perhaps create a separate article on the history of Ningbo, i.e. "History of Ningbo".  But as a summary article, which this one is, it is a complete disaster.  Plus, take a look at other city articles such as London or New York City, and see how they balance out their history section, without any severely long paragraphs.--Teamjenn (talk) 10:25, 15 December 2011 (UTC)

 * I will draw a version from the history of this page to copy and create the new history article. I have more stuff to add.Mannodo (talk) 22:14, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

Pronunciation
"Nyinpou" is an utterly terrible transliteration of the natives' pronunciation of (essentially) Ningbuh, so unless it's part of some formal system (which would need to be linked) we shouldn't use it. It's the so-called "p" from Wade-Giles that is simply a /b/ and should be avoided if at all possible. (Wikipedia's lumping of all Wu dialects into a single treatment isn't helpful here either: a transliteration for Suzhounese isn't going to reflect the actual pronunciation among the Ningbonese.)

Further, since we have an infobox treatment, says we shouldn't be cluttering the lead with a third and fourth repetition of the Chinese character and pinyin &c. It's easily available on the right and this is the English encyclopedia. People just need to know that Ningbo and Ningpo are the same place and then, if they're looking for the local pronunciation, they can find it quickly enough. — Llywelyn II   04:28, 24 July 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Festivals
Can someone more knowledgeable about this city than me please take a look at the festival section? The last sentence is a bit clumsy/short. I assume that the legend goes: the whole city had to wait for the prime minister before the festival could begin? Jedediah667 (talk) 07:57, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140203215236/http://www.ningbofocus.com/new-year-new-beginnings-new-railway-station-opens-its-doors/ to http://www.ningbofocus.com/new-year-new-beginnings-new-railway-station-opens-its-doors/
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Could someone please add the following topics.....
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/天童寺

https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=zh-CN&sp=nmt4&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E7%25AB%25A5%25E5%25AF%25BA&xid=17259,15700021,15700043,15700124,15700149,15700168,15700173,15700186,15700201&usg=ALkJrhiTZrohiohFmIQFezj7BNxI2pSvhQ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 49.195.86.164 (talk) 03:36, 1 April 2018 (UTC)

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/阿育王寺

https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=zh-CN&sp=nmt4&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%25E9%2598%25BF%25E8%2582%25B2%25E7%258E%258B%25E5%25AF%25BA&xid=17259,15700021,15700043,15700124,15700149,15700168,15700173,15700186,15700201&usg=ALkJrhhmGiG7DQ9lDylPsJBpcUWyMbquZg — Preceding unsigned comment added by 49.195.86.164 (talk) 03:43, 1 April 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ningbo


text:
Category:United States senators from Massachusetts

 * United States senators from Massachusetts —  past and present  who represented  in the United States Senate.


text:
Adventure (Dungeons & Dragons)

In the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, an adventure or module is a guide for managing player knowledge and activities within a specific scenario. Commercially, a published adventure comes as a pre-packaged book or box set that is used exclusively by the Dungeon Master. It typically contains background information for the plot or story, maps, vignettes of interesting locations, site inventories, creature descriptions and statistics, player visual aids, and suggested rules for evaluating events and likely player actions.

The term adventure is currently used by the game's publisher Wizards of the Coast. In early editions of the game these publications were commonly referred to as modules, which stems from the term dungeon module, used to refer to the earliest adventures published by TSR, with other variations on the module name appearing on latter adventures. The term module continued to be popular among players of the original Dungeons & Dragons and Advanced Dungeons & Dragons even after newer publications were labeled adventure. Adventures that appear as a part of a larger accessory are often referred to as scenarios.

The exact differences between the terms adventure, module, scenario, and accessory are hard to precisely define in Dungeons & Dragons terminology, as they all have been used in different ways.

History of official modules and adventures
The first published Dungeons & Dragons scenario was "Temple of the Frog", included in 1975's Blackmoor Dungeons & Dragons rules supplement. This scenario was later developed into the stand-alone module DA2 – Temple of the Frog for the D&D Expert set rules (TSR, 1986).

The first stand-alone Dungeons & Dragons adventure module, Palace of the Vampire Queen, was published in 1976 by Wee Warriors. Although TSR did not produce this module, the company did distribute the first three printings on behalf of Wee Warriors. The adventure was described as a "Dungeon Masters Kit" rather than a "module" or an "adventure".

Also in 1976, the adventure Lost Caverns of Tsojconth was distributed by Metro Detroit Gamers as the tournament module for the gaming convention Wintercon V, but was not published for general distribution at the time. The adventure was later re-written for the first edition Advanced Dungeons & Dragons rules and published as module S4 – The Lost Caverns of Tsojcanth (TSR, 1982).

Additional unpublished adventures were distributed at gaming conventions during this period, including Steading of the Hill Giant Chief, used as a tournament module for Origins '78. Later in 1978, Steading of the Hill Giant Chief became the first stand-alone Dungeons & Dragons module actually produced and published by TSR. TSR Hobbies published a series of six adventures in 1978 that had been used previously only in tournaments. The company initiated its practice of assigning a code to each module published at the time, assigning the "G1" code to Steading of the Hill Giant Chief. TSR's practice of coding modules into various series would continue into the 1990s.

Contents of adventures
The standard adventure is essentially an adventure kit including a backstory, maps and one or more objectives for the players to fulfill. Some include numerous illustrations. A Dungeon Master could purchase these pre-made adventures and use it or parts of it for a gaming session. The early format was a single booklet inserted, but not fixed, in a cardboard cover. As time went by the format and information included in module increased in variety. Dark Sun modules, for example, contained top-spiralbound notebooks. Eventually, the line blurred somewhat between what was an accessory or supplement and a module.

Modules had a suggested character level, often displayed prominently on the cover, and from the late 1980s prominently display the logo of the campaign setting they were set in. Some modules were reprints or revisions of modules used at gaming conventions before being published. All early modules are now out of print, though some have been reprinted in revised form. As such, many early modules are now highly sought-out collector items, particularly the earliest printings.

Module codes
Except for a few early limited edition modules, all Dungeons & Dragons modules until late 1994 were denoted with an alphanumeric code consisting of a letter and a number. The letter codes related to the product in some way, with the number indicating the order of release for the product in the series. Modules within a letter set were usually somehow related, either thematically or as a series of linked adventures. For example, Z1 may be a prologue to Z2. Or Z1, Z2 and Z3 may have the adventurers fighting a similar enemy such as beholders. Though related, most modules were stand-alone and could be played without playing any of the other related modules.

TSR also used the module coding system on modules for several of non-Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying games including modules for  (Advanced) Marvel Super-Heroes and the Conan Role-Playing Game. The module code was de-emphasised in the late 1980s, which also saw the campaign setting logo become a main feature of the cover. The code was dropped altogether by the end of 1993. In 2008, the adventure code was reintroduced with the release of the 4th edition Dungeons & Dragons adventure: H1 Keep on the Shadowfell.

title: Adventure (Dungeons & Dragons)


text:
User:DottedDreamz

I've added a page about the Serengeti Cat.

If you'd like to see mine - please visit DottedDreamz Bengals, Siamese & Seregenti

title: User:DottedDreamz


text: User talk:68.48.225.253

title: User talk:68.48.225.253


text:
Five-dimensional space

A five-dimensional space is a space with five dimensions. In mathematics, a sequence of N numbers can represent a location in an N-dimensional space. If interpreted physically, that is one more than the usual three spatial dimensions and the fourth dimension of time used in relativistic physics.

Physics
Much of the early work on five-dimensional space was in an attempt to develop a theory that unifies the four fundamental interactions in nature: strong and weak nuclear forces, gravity, and electromagnetism. German mathematician Theodor Kaluza and Swedish physicist Oskar Klein independently developed the Kaluza–Klein theory in 1921, which used the fifth dimension to unify gravity with electromagnetic force. Although their approaches were later found to be at least partially inaccurate, the concept provided a basis for further research over the past century.

To explain why this dimension would not be directly observable, Klein suggested that the fifth dimension would be rolled up into a tiny, compact loop on the order of 10$-33$ centimeters. Under his reasoning, he envisioned light as a disturbance caused by rippling in the higher dimension just beyond human perception, similar to how fish in a pond can only see shadows of ripples across the surface of the water caused by raindrops. While not detectable, it would indirectly imply a connection between seemingly unrelated forces. The Kaluza–Klein theory experienced a revival in the 1970s due to the emergence of superstring theory and supergravity: the concept that reality is composed of vibrating strands of energy, a postulate only mathematically viable in ten dimensions or more. Superstring theory then evolved into a more generalized approach known as M-theory. M-theory suggested a potentially observable extra dimension in addition to the ten essential dimensions which would allow for the existence of superstrings. The other 10 dimensions are compacted, or "rolled up", to a size below the subatomic level. The Kaluza–Klein theory today is seen as essentially a gauge theory, with the gauge being the circle group.

The fifth dimension is difficult to directly observe, though the Large Hadron Collider provides an opportunity to record indirect evidence of its existence. Physicists theorize that collisions of subatomic particles in turn produce new particles as a result of the collision, including a graviton that escapes from the fourth dimension, or brane, leaking off into a five-dimensional bulk. M-theory would explain the weakness of gravity relative to the other fundamental forces of nature, as can be seen, for example, when using a magnet to lift a pin off a table—the magnet overcomes the gravitational pull of the entire earth with ease.

Mathematical approaches were developed in the early 20th century that viewed the fifth dimension as a theoretical construct. These theories make reference to Hilbert space, a concept that postulates an infinite number of mathematical dimensions to allow for a limitless number of quantum states. Einstein, Bergmann, and Bargmann later tried to extend the four-dimensional spacetime of general relativity into an extra physical dimension to incorporate electromagnetism, though they were unsuccessful. In their 1938 paper, Einstein and Bergmann were among the first to introduce the modern viewpoint that a four-dimensional theory, which coincides with Einstein–Maxwell theory at long distances, is derived from a five-dimensional theory with complete symmetry in all five dimensions. They suggested that electromagnetism resulted from a gravitational field that is “polarized” in the fifth dimension.

The main novelty of Einstein and Bergmann was to seriously consider the fifth dimension as a physical entity, rather than an excuse to combine the metric tensor and electromagnetic potential. But they then reneged, modifying the theory to break its five-dimensional symmetry. Their reasoning, as suggested by Edward Witten, was that the more symmetric version of the theory predicted the existence of a new long range field, one that was both massless and scalar, which would have required a fundamental modification to Einstein's theory of general relativity. Minkowski space and Maxwell's equations in vacuum can be embedded in a five-dimensional Riemann curvature tensor.

In 1993, the physicist Gerard 't Hooft put forward the holographic principle, which explains that the information about an extra dimension is visible as a curvature in a spacetime with one fewer dimension. For example, holograms are three-dimensional pictures placed on a two-dimensional surface, which gives the image a curvature when the observer moves. Similarly, in general relativity, the fourth dimension is manifested in observable three dimensions as the curvature path of a moving infinitesimal (test) particle. 'T Hooft has speculated that the fifth dimension is really the "spacetime fabric".

Recent research suggests several alternative interpretations of the 5D extension of spacetime, most of them generalizing the earlier Kaluza-Klein theory. The first approach is space-time-matter, which utilizes an unrestricted group of 5D coordinate transforms to derive new solutions of the Einstein's field equations that agree with the corresponding classical solutions in 4D spacetime. Another 5D representation describes quantum physics from a thermal-space-time ensemble perspective and draws connections with classical field theory as limiting cases. Yet another approach, spacekime representation, lifts the ordinary time from an event-ordering positive-real number to complex-time (kime), which effectively transforms longitudinal processes from time-series into 2D manifolds (kime-surfaces).

Fifth-dimensional geometry
According to Klein's definition, "a geometry is the study of the invariant properties of a spacetime, under transformations within itself." Therefore, the geometry of the 5th dimension studies the invariant properties of such space-time, as we move within it, expressed in formal equations. Fifth dimensional geometry is generally represented using 5 coordinate values (x,y,z,w,v), where moving along the v axis involves moving between different hyper-volumes.

Polytopes
In five or more dimensions, only three regular polytopes exist. In five dimensions, they are:
 * 1) The 5-simplex of the simplex family, {3,3,3,3}, with 6 vertices, 15 edges, 20 faces (each an equilateral triangle), 15 cells (each a regular tetrahedron), and 6 hypercells (each a 5-cell).
 * 2) The 5-cube of the hypercube family, {4,3,3,3}, with 32 vertices, 80 edges, 80 faces (each a square), 40 cells (each a cube), and 10 hypercells (each a tesseract).
 * 3) The 5-orthoplex of the cross polytope family, {3,3,3,4}, with 10 vertices, 40 edges, 80 faces (each a triangle), 80 cells (each a tetrahedron), and 32 hypercells (each a 5-cell).

An important uniform 5-polytope is the 5-demicube, h{4,3,3,3} has half the vertices of the 5-cube (16), bounded by alternating 5-cell and 16-cell hypercells. The expanded or stericated 5-simplex is the vertex figure of the A5 lattice,. It and has a doubled symmetry from its symmetric Coxeter diagram. The kissing number of the lattice, 30, is represented in its vertices. The rectified 5-orthoplex is the vertex figure of the D5 lattice,. Its 40 vertices represent the kissing number of the lattice and the highest for dimension 5.

Hypersphere
A hypersphere in 5-space (also called a 4-sphere due to its surface being 4-dimensional) consists of the set of all points in 5-space at a fixed distance r from a central point P, that is rotationally symmetrical. The hypervolume enclosed by this hypersurface is:
 * $$V=\frac{8\pi ^2r^5}{15}$$

title: Five-dimensional space