text:
The Fortunes of Nigel

The Fortunes of Nigel (1822) is one of the Waverley novels by Sir Walter Scott. Set in London in either 1623 or 1624, it centres on the Scottish community there after the Union of the Crowns and features James VI and I.

Composition and sources
On 30 September 1821 Scott indicated to his publisher Archibald Constable that The Pirate (which he would complete the following month) would be followed by a tale of the time of James VI and I. He began composition immediately The Pirate was finished. The first volume was complete before the end of the year; by the end of January 1822 Scott was halfway through the second volume; there were delays, in part because he devoted a considerable amount of time to the Introductory Epistle, but the work was brought to a conclusion in early May.

Scott's main sources for The Fortunes of Nigel were Jacobean dramas and other imaginative literature of the period, but he was also well acquainted with other contemporaneous publications and more recent studies. For his depiction of James, and details of events during his reign, he was able to draw extensively on his own edition, published in 1811, of Secret History of the Court of James the First, containing a set of contemporaneous or early memoirs and histories. The James of the novel is deliberately treated in a more balanced manner than had been the case in the laudatory An Inquiry into the Literary and Political Character of James I by Isaac D'Israeli (1816). The richness of Scott's treatment of the age is also a result in part of another, more extensive editorial project, his collection known as Somers' Tracts, which had appeared in 13 volumes between 1809 and 1815. Many of the details about Jacobean London in the novel are drawn from A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster by John Stow, of which Scott owned the revised edition by John Strype published in 1720.

Editions
The first edition was published concurrently in Edinburgh, by Constable, and in London, by Hurst, Robinson, and Co., on 29 May 1822. As with all the Waverley novels before 1827 publication was anonymous. The print run was 12,000 and the price one and a half guineas (£1 11s 6d or £1.57½). There is no reason to think that Scott was involved with the novel again until the late summer of 1830, when he revised the text and provided new notes and an introduction for the 'Magnum' edition, in which it appeared as Volumes 26 and 27 in July and August 1831.

The standard modern edition, by Frank Jordan, was published in 2004 as Volume 13 of the Edinburgh Edition of the Waverley Novels: it is based on the first edition with emendations mainly from Scott's manuscript and proof corrections; the Magnum material is included in Volume 25b.

Plot introduction
A young Scottish nobleman, Nigel Olifaunt, Lord Glenvarloch, travels to London in order to ask the King to repay his father's loan. Nigel wishes to use the money to pay off a mortgage on his estate—but the Duke of Buckingham and Prince Charles already have their eyes on it. The lord is drawn into the chaotic life of the court, and when he becomes an enemy of the profligate Lord Dalgarno, he finds himself in grave danger.

Plot summary
David Ramsay, a watchmaker, lives with his daughter Margaret on Fleet Street. He has two apprentices, Mr Vincent and Mr Tunstall. The two apprentices had run off to join in a street fray, and the goldsmith George Heriot was gossiping with Ramsay, when they brought in a fellow named Richie Moniplies with a broken head and very tattered garments. His wound having been dressed, he explained that he had come to London with his master Nigel Olifaunt to obtain payment of a debt owing to him by the king, and had been set upon as a stranger. Next morning Nigel received a visit, at his lodging with the chandler and his wife, from the goldsmith, who had known his father, and, having warned him that his estate was in danger, lent him money to appear in proper attire in Court. Heriot proceeded to Whitehall, and, having presented the young lord's petition, King James authorised him to advance part of the sum due, and promised to interest himself in his affairs.

Dining with him the same day at the goldsmith's, in company with her father and Sir Mungo, Margaret lost her heart to Nigel, and employed Dame Ursula, the barber's wife, to ascertain all particulars respecting him. On being presented at Court by Lord Huntinglen he obtained an order for payment of his claim, and was introduced to the Duke of Buckingham, who announced himself as his enemy, and to the Duke's son, Lord Dalgarno, by whom he was initiated in all the vices of the aristocracy of that period, although warned by Richie, and by an anonymous letter. Meeting the Prince of Wales, later Charles I, in St. James's Park, attended by several courtiers, Nigel learnt from their manner, as well as from Sir Mungo, that he had been ill spoken of to Charles, upon which he challenged Dalgarno in the precincts of the Court, and was compelled to take refuge in Whitefriars to avoid arrest.

Here he renewed his acquaintance with the barrister Lowestoffe, whom he had met at Beaujeu's tavern, and was assigned to the care of old Trapbois the lodging-house keeper and his daughter. On hearing of Nigel's trouble Margaret sought an interview with Lady Hermione, who occupied a suite of apartments in Heriot's mansion, and, having revealed her secret, was supplied with money to help him, being told at the same time by her confidant of the ill usage she had suffered from Lord Dalgarno. Vincent, who was in love with his master's daughter, and had been encouraged by Dame Ursula in extravagant habits, was now engaged by her to act as his rival's guide in effecting his escape from London. The same night old Trapbois was murdered by two ruffians who came to rob him; and, just as he had rescued the daughter, whom the bailiff Hildebrod had advised him to marry, Nigel was accosted by the apprentice, dressed as a waterman, from whom he learnt that a warrant had been issued for his apprehension, and that a boat was in readiness for him to give the king's officers the slip. Martha begged that she might accompany him, and, having secured her father's treasure, they were conducted by Vincent to the Temple Stairs. Having landed his companion at Paul's Wharf, where she was taken charge of by Moniplies, Nigel insisted on disembarking at Greenwich, instead of joining a Scotch vessel which was waiting for him at Gravesend; and having made his way to the park, he attended the king while he killed a deer, when he was recognised and consigned to the Tower.

Presently Margaret, dressed as a boy, was shown into the same room; then the chandler came to claim his wife, whom he accused Nigel of having carried off; and, after he had dined, his friend Heriot arrived to reproach him with the position in which he had placed himself. He had also lost the king's warrant for his debt, and when his companion's disguise was detected, she saved him from further embarrassment by a full confession. One of her acts had been to present a petition to the king from Lady Hermione, on reading which he had commanded that Lord Dalgarno should instantly marry her; and another to offer such explanations respecting Nigel as induced his Majesty to pardon him. One hour only, however, remained within which to redeem his estates, when Moniplies appeared with the money, and Lord Dalgarno, who hoped to have secured them, was deprived of his revenge. The next day he was shot in Enfield Chase, where Captain Colepepper had planned to waylay him, as he was waiting, in company with Dame Nelly, and a page in charge of the treasure, to fight a duel with Nigel. Vincent and Lowestoffe, however, arrived in time to put two of the robbers to flight, while Moniplies killed the captain, who was suspected of having murdered Trapbois, and Christie recovered his wife. Nigel and Margaret were soon afterwards married; and as King James was honouring the feast with his presence, Richie presented Martha as his bride, who, at the same time, handed to the preserver of her life the deeds of the Glenvarloch estates, which she had freed from all liabilities, and the royal sign-manual which had been found among her father's papers.

Characters
Principal characters in bold

 * David Ramsay, a watchmaker in Fleet Street
 * Margaret Ramsay, his daughter
 * (Jenny), his laundry-maid
 * Jenkin Vincent ('Jin Vin') and Francis Tunstall, his apprentices
 * George Heriot, a goldsmith of Lombard Street
 * Judith, his sister
 * Roberts, his cash-keeper
 * Lord Glenvarloch, or Nigel Olifaunt
 * Richie Moniplies, his servant
 * Laurence Linklater, a yeoman of the royal kitchen
 * John Christie, a ship chandler
 * Dame Nelly, his wife
 * Benjamin Suddlechop, a barber in Fleet Street
 * Dame Ursula, his wife
 * King James VI of Scots and I of England
 * Maxwell, his gentleman usher
 * George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham ('Steenie')
 * Knighton, his servant
 * Lord Huntinglen
 * Lord Dalgarno, his son
 * Lutin, Dalgarno's page
 * The Countess of Blackchester, Dalgarno's sister
 * Reginald Lowestoffe, a barrister
 * Beaujeu, host of an ordinary or gambling tavern
 * Sir Mungo Malagrowther, a friend of Nigel's father
 * Charles, Prince of Wales ('Baby Charles')
 * Sir Ewes Haldimund, a courtier
 * Duke Hildebrod
 * Old Trapbois, a lodging-house keeper at Whitefriars
 * Martha, his daughter
 * Lady Hermione, afterwards Lady Dalgarno
 * Monna Paula, her servant
 * Captain Colepepper, a cutthroat adventurer
 * Sir Edward Mansel, Governor of the Tower
 * Lady Mansel, his wife
 * Andrew Skurliewhitter, a scrivener

Chapter summary
Introductory Epistle: Captain Clutterbuck of Kennaquhair tells Dr Dryasdust of York of his conversation with the Author of Waverley, in which the novelist defended his manner of composition.

Volume One

Ch. 1: In the City of London the watchmaker David Ramsay's apprentices, Jenkin Vincent (Jin Vin) and Frank Tunstall, accost passers-by, including a down-at-heel Scot [Richie Moniplies].

Ch. 2: Jin and Frank bring Richie, who has been assaulted in the street, to their master's shop, where he is being visited by George Heriot the goldsmith.

Ch. 3: In John Christie's house, where he is lodging, Nigel Olifaunt (Lord Glenvarloch) discusses Richie's absence with Dame Nelly Christie. Richie arrives and tells of his unsuccessful attempt to present Nigel's supplication to King James for the repayment of large sums advanced by his father to the monarch.

Ch. 4: Heriot arrives, and Richie confesses that he presented a supplication of his own to James along with that of his master, leading to his rebuttal by the King. Heriot tells Nigel that his attempt to secure a financial settlement is powerfully opposed at Court; he promises to find an opportunity of presenting his supplication, and lends him gold.

Ch. 5: Heriot invites Ramsay to bring his daughter Margaret to dine with Nigel and himself at noon the next day. He has a fair copy of the supplication made and presents it to a sympathetic James in the course of selling him a fine silver salver. The King gives him a carcanet of rubies as a pledge for a loan to meet Nigel's immediate needs.

Ch. 6: At Heriot's dinner, where Nigel meets Sir Mungo Malagrowther, the salver is returned by orders of the Duke of Buckingham, with contempt.

Ch. 7: A mysterious lady [Hermione] appears at Heriot's family prayers; Richie tells Nigel that she is popularly held to be a spirit.

Ch. 8: Dame Ursula Suddlechop is summoned by Margaret, who asks her to find out about Nigel's business at Court.

Ch. 9: Heriot conducts Nigel to Court, where Lord Huntinglen presents him to James and uses his influence to persuade the King to right his wrongs. As they are leaving Huntinglen introduces Nigel to Buckingham, who openly disapproves of Nigel's suit, and of the part played in its success by Heriot and Huntinglen.

Ch. 10: Heriot and Huntinglen arrange for a scrivener [Andrew Skurliewhitter] to draw up legal documents to enable Nigel to obtain funds in London to redeem the mortgage on his estate pending the compliance with the King's sign manual, or warrant, by the Scottish Exchequer. Nigel takes to Lord Dalgarno on their first meeting, but Dalgarno mocks his desire to return to Scotland.

Ch. 11: Dalgarno persuades Nigel to pay a visit to an ordinary, or gambling tavern.

Volume Two

Ch. 1 (12): At the ordinary, run by the Chevalier Beaujeu, a soldier [Captain Colepepper] is apparently run through (but actually unhurt) in a quarrel with a citizen [Jin Vin], after which Dalgarno takes Nigel to the Fortune Theatre.

Ch. 2 (13): Over several weeks, Nigel becomes used to fashionable society, partly under the influence of Dalgarno's sister, the Countess of Blackchester. He experiences a worrying delay in the ratification of the sign manual by ministers.

Ch. 3 (14): Richie leaves for Scotland in protest against Nigel's worsening behaviour, telling him that his corruptors are laughing at him. Nigel receives an anonymous note warning him that Dalgarno is a false friend.

Ch. 4 (15): In Saint James's Park, Malagrowther sarcastically mocks Nigel's new life style. After the Prince of Wales has passed (accompanied by Dalgarno and the Duke of Buckingham) Malagrowther says that Charles expressed to him his disapproval of Nigel's conduct.

Ch. 5 (16): Nigel strikes Dalgarno in the park and prepares to take refuge in Alastia in disguise under the guidance of Reginald Lowestoffe.

Ch. 6 (17): Lowestoffe outlines the rules of Alsatia before Nigel is admitted by Duke Hildebrod and lodged with Old Trapbois.

Ch. 7 (18): Margaret goes to Heriot's and asks Judith for access to Hermione, who had been her instructress when a girl.

Ch. 8 (19): Hermione agrees to lend Margaret money to help Nigel, with whom she is in love.

Ch. 9 (20): Hermione, who is related to the Glenvarlochs on her mother's side, tells Margaret her story: the man who had subjected her to a false marriage in Spain had tried to pass her on to a friend.

Ch. 10 (21): Jin complains to Ursula that she has encouraged him to become a gambler in a scheme to endear him to Margaret by appearing fashionable. She now enlists him as Margaret's agent, using Hermione's money, to help Nigel escape abroad.

Ch. 11 (22): Martha Trapbois warns Nigel not to trust her father, or anyone else in Alsatia. A messenger arrives with his trunk and the news that Lowestoffe has been imprisoned in the Marshalsea for assisting him.

Ch. 12 (23): Colepepper arrives to court Martha, and Nigel sends him packing. Martha laments her father's vulnerability. Hildebrod urges Nigel to marry Martha as a way out of his financial difficulties.

Ch. 13 (24): Nigel gives Trapbois two gold coins for his rent, but Martha returns one of them. After Trapbois has tried to recover it Nigel gives it to him. Later in the night he repels two intruders who have murdered the miser.

Volume Three

Ch. 1 (25): Martha summons Hildebrod, who promises to apprehend Colepepper (clearly one of her father's assailants) at the appropriate time. A waterman conveys to Nigel Lowestoffe's advice to prepare to leave Alsatia before the authorities arrive to arrest him. Martha insists on coming with Nigel, and they prepare her father's money chest for the journey.

Ch. 2 (26): Travelling downstream, Nigel arranges for Martha and the chest to be put off at Christie's. She is refused entry, but Richie takes pity on her.

Ch. 3 (27): Nigel asks the waterman Jack in the Green [Jin Vin] to be put ashore at Greenwich, where Linklater, the royal cook and Richie's acquaintance, admits him to the park. He encounters James hunting and is transferred to the Tower for investigation.

Ch. 4 (28): A boy joins Nigel in his cell at the Tower. Christie arrives and accuses Nigel of seducing his wife.

Ch. 5 (29): Nigel discovers that the boy is a woman. Heriot arrives and rebukes Nigel for his behaviour, accusing him of pledging the sign manual (which is missing from Nigel's casket) for cash. The woman is revealed as Margaret, who tells how she had accompanied Monna Paula to Greenwich to present a petition on behalf of Monna's mistress Hermione, and had been transferred to the Tower.

Ch. 6 (30): After Heriot has left the Tower, Sir Mungo (who had alerted him to his daughter's adventure) talks Nigel through the punishment of amputation due for drawing his rapier in the royal precincts.

Ch. 7 (31): Richie resumes attendance on Nigel and restores to James the carcanet of rubies which the King had given Heriot as security for his payment to Nigel in Ch. 5, but James refuses to show favour to Nigel in return [having another plan in mind, as revealed in Ch. 33].

Ch. 8 (32): Huntinglen learns from James that his son was Hermione's false lover in Spain and insists that he must marry her. Dalgarno does so, happy in the knowledge that he is acquiring her rights over the Glenvarloch estate unless it is redeemed by noon the following day.

Ch. 9 (33): James tells his council that he arranged to be an eavesdropper at the scene in the Tower which he had set up (Chs 28‒29). Nigel will consequently be set free.

Ch. 10 (34): Richie and Lowestoffe bring Andrew Skurliewhitter bags of money to redeem Nigel's estate. Dalgarno tells Richie in the street of his proposed route north, in the hope that Nigel will meet him for a duel at Camlet Moat. He puts pressure on Andrew to lie about the time of the payment. Andrew tells Colepepper of Dalgarno's route, and the captain plans to rob him of the payment money (it is indicated that Andrew and Colepepper had been Trapbois' murderers in Ch. 24).

Ch. 11 (35): Richie encounters Jin, who is down on his luck and intends to join a party led by Colepepper in the robbery of Dalgarno: Richie persuades him to join him in apprehending the thieves.

Ch. 12 (36): Dalgarno and Nelly Christie, whom he has seduced, stop to rest at Camlet Moat. Colepepper's party kill Dalgarno before Richie's party arrive, having been delayed by meeting Christie in pursuit of his wife. Richie kills Colepepper while Dalgarno's page Lutin makes off with the money.

Ch. 13 (37): James has been researching a noble descent for Margaret, enabling him to act as stage manager for her wedding to Nigel. Richie marries Martha, whose fortune provided the money to redeem Nigel's estate.

Reception
Most of the contemporaneous reviewers placed The Fortunes of Nigel in the middle rank of the Waverley novels. With rare exceptions, the plot was judged weak but the individual scenes often of high quality. Although the novel's antiquarian basis was evident, and this was seen to result in a lack of warmth, the picture of the age was highly praised, Alsatia being found particularly striking. The urban setting meant that the author could not display one of his main strengths, the depiction of the natural world. The characters were generally found telling. The presentation of James was almost universally admired, with Malagrowther the next most popular. Margaret and Martha struck several reviewers as being of unusual interest, but Hermione was generally judged a mistake and several critics were concerned at Nigel's moral weakness. The Introductory Epistle was found interesting and attractive: indeed, for more than one reviewer it was the best part of the work.

Adaptation
In 1974, it was made into a television miniseries as a joint venture between BBC, 20th Century-Fox Television and ABC Owned Television Stations, with play airing on BBC in the UK, and ABC in the U.S., but like a majority of the pre-1970s BBC material, the PAL master tapes was wiped entirely.

References in other works
The book was a favourite of Cardinal Newman, who quoted it in Grammar of Assent and the Apologia.

title: The Fortunes of Nigel


text:
Clutterbuck

Clutterbuck is a surname.

People
Notable persons include:

 * Sir Alexander Clutterbuck (1897–1975), British diplomat, high commissioner to Canada and India and ambassador to Ireland
 * Andrew Clutterbuck (born 1973), birth name of English actor Andrew Lincoln
 * Anne Clutterbuck (born 1961), American lawyer and politician
 * Beryl Markham (1902–1986), Beryl Clutterbuck, a British-born Kenyan aviator
 * Bryan Clutterbuck (born 1959), American former baseball player
 * Cal Clutterbuck (born 1987), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Charles Edmund Clutterbuck (1806–1861), Stained glass artist
 * Sir David Clutterbuck (1913–2008), Royal Navy admiral
 * Dorothy Clutterbuck (1880–1951), English society lady alleged to be associated with Gerald Gardner and the founding of Wicca
 * Henry Clutterbuck (writer) (1767–1856), English physician and medical writer
 * Henry Clutterbuck (cricketer) (1809–1883), English cricketer
 * Henry Clutterbuck (footballer) (1873–1948), English footballer
 * James Clutterbuck (born 1973), English former cricketer
 * Katherine Mary Clutterbuck (1860–1946), Anglican nun and Australian education figure
 * Peter Clutterbuck (1868–1951), British colonial civil servant
 * Richard Clutterbuck (1917–1998), British soldier and academic, scholar of political violence
 * Robert Clutterbuck (1772–1831), English antiquary and topographer
 * Thomas Clutterbuck (1697–1742), British politician
 * Walter Clutterbuck (1894–1987), British Army general

The arts

 * Fictional editor of some of Sir Walter Scott's novels, including The Monastery and The Fortunes of Nigel. The Abbot is dedicated by the "author of Waverley" to Captain Clutterbuck
 * "Captain Clutterbuck's Treasure", an episode of British sitcom The Last of the Summer Wine
 * Clutterbuck, a 1946 play by Benn Levy
 * Alice and Fred Clutterbuck, hosts of the eponymous party in the 1968 film The Party

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Clutterbuck


text:
Talk:Vasuki

Untitled
I disagree with the merger proposal for which no reason has been given .Imc 18:34, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

NEed to split Vasuki, wife of Thiruvalluvar to a separate article. Karthik.raman 03:04, 18 April 2006 (UTC)
 * வாசுகி ஒரு பெண். Vasuki is female. –Sagotharan Jegadeeswaran (talk) 14:09, 20 December 2016 (UTC)

Requested move 30 December 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved as requested, reinstating the naming pattern that was present until October 2018. Dekimasu よ! 06:29, 6 January 2019 (UTC)

– The mythical serpent is the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. (It is also a naga, not a snake, which makes the current title also inaccurate, though that isn't the reason for this RM.) Paul_012 (talk) 04:18, 30 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Vasuki (snake) → Vasuki
 * Vasuki → Vasuki (disambiguation)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Vasuki


text:
User talk:Pedofilesick

WELCOME
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! ...en passant! 18:34, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Pedofilesick


text: User talk:67.110.76.18

title: User talk:67.110.76.18


text:
Central Avian Research Institute

The Central Avian Research Institute of India (CARI) is a research institute located at Izzatnagar near Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh state, India. It studies poultry science, including avian genetics, breeding, nutrition and feed technology, and avian physiology and reproduction, for the betterment of the Indian poultry industry.

The institute was established in 1979 under the administrative control of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, and offers also education, training, and consultancy services.

Directors of institute

 * Dr. B. Panda (2 Nov. 1979 to 31 March 1990)
 * Dr. J.N.Panda (1 April 1990 to 25 March 1992) (Acting); 26 March 1992 to 31 Aug. 1992
 * Dr. P.K.Pani (Acting) (1 Sept. 1992 to 31 Jan. 1994)
 * Dr. D.C.Johari (Acting) (1 Feb. 1994 to 24 Aug. 1994) (1 Dec. 1996 to 13 Oct. 1997)
 * Dr. S.C. Mohapatra (25 Aug. 1994 to 30 Nov. 1996)
 * Dr. Rajvir Singh (14 Oct. 1997 to 6 March 2003) (24 Oct. 2003 to 3 Oct. 2006) (10 Nov. 2006 to 3 Dec. 2006
 * Dr. T.S. Johri (Acting) (7 March 2003 to 23 Oct. 2003)
 * Dr. A. K. Shrivastav (Acting) (4 Oct. 2006 to 9 Nov. 2006) (4 Dec. 2006 to 18 July 2007) (1 Feb. 2010 to 7 Feb. 2010) (19 March 2011 to 12 April 2011)
 * Dr. B.P. Singh (19 July 2007 to 31 Jan. 2010)
 * Dr. R.P.Singh (Current)

title: Central Avian Research Institute


text:
Clery

Clery may refer to:

 * Clery Act (1990), a law in the United States
 * Clerys, an Irish department store

People with the surname

 * Jean-Baptiste Cléry (1759–1809), personal valet to King Louis XVI
 * Arthur Clery (1879–1932), Irish politician and professor
 * Jeanne Clery (1966–1986), whose death was the impetus for the Clery Act
 * Corinne Cléry (born 1950), French actress

title: Clery


text:
Jean-Baptiste Cléry

Jean-Baptiste Cléry (1759–1809) was the personal valet to King Louis XVI.

Before the Revolution
First serving as secretary of the Princess of Guéménée, he was made valet of the dauphin (who would become Louis XVII).

During the Revolution
Cléry became the valet of Louis XVI when he was imprisoned in the Temple until 21 January 1793. Although he was arrested on 25 September 1793, he avoided the fate of the guillotine and was freed on 27 July 1794. In his Last Will and Testament, Louis had bequeathed to Cléry "my clothes, my books, my watch, my purse, and all other small effects which have been deposited with the council of the commune."

After the Revolution
Cléry became valet to the Count of Provence (future Louis XVIII) and gave him his journal detailing the events of the revolution. His journal gave an account of what he saw of his touching farewell with his family. The journal was published and was well received, and later led to Cléry's being knighted by Louis XVIII. The popularity and pro-royalist sentiments generated by the memoirs led the French government to release a distorted copy of the book.

Cléry moved to Austria and purchased an estate where he stayed until his death in 1809.

title: Jean-Baptiste Cléry


text:
User:Mgreenbe

My name is Michael Greenberg. I am a white Jew born in Ithaca, NY. I am an atheist, a liberal, and a humanist.

CS

 * Pointer, smart pointer, and reference (computer science) need to be organized; handle (computer science) might have to go in as its own article
 * CTL* (and CTL and LTL could bear with touching up)
 * More detail on Robert Floyd's predecessor to Hoare logic for proofs over flowcharts
 * Factory object needs an example

People
Quick note: these aren't sockpuppets, they're friends.
 * Dsol | Talk | Contrib
 * Urthogie | Talk | Contrib
 * Dunadan11 | Talk | Contrib

title: User:Mgreenbe


text: User:ZZZZ

title: User:ZZZZ


text: User:Enoch Lai

title: User:Enoch Lai


text:
Back Creek (New Jersey)

Back Creek is an estuary of Delaware Bay in Cumberland County, New Jersey in the United States.

Abbots Creek and Ogden Creek join to form Back Creek, which travels for 3.7 miles (6 km) to Nantuxent Cove of Delaware Bay.

Tributaries

 * Abbots Creek
 * Ogden Creek

title: Back Creek (New Jersey)


text:
User talk:ZZZZ

Non-free rationale for File:Vitushka.gif
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:Vitushka.gif. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under non-free content criteria, but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia is acceptable. Please go to the file description page, and edit it to include a non-free rationale.

If you have uploaded other non-free media, consider checking that you have specified the non-free rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem. If you have any questions, please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 14:39, 23 June 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:ZZZZ


text: User talk:81.62.73.199

title: User talk:81.62.73.199


text:
Tamron

Tamron Co., Ltd. (株式会社タムロン) is a Japanese company manufacturing photographic lenses, optical components and commercial/industrial-use optics. Tamron Headquarters is located in Saitama City in the Saitama Prefecture of Japan.

The name of the company came from the surname of Uhyoue Tamura who was instrumental in developing Tamron's optical technologies. It was only on the company's 20th anniversary that the name was changed to Tamron (from Taisei Optical).

In the fiscal year ending 31 December 2017, net sales totaled 60.496 billion yen and operating income was 4.24 billion yen, up 79.8% from 2016. At that time, the consolidated company had 4,640 employees and five production plants: in Hirosaki, Namioka and Owani in Japan, and one in China and Viet Nam, respectively. Subsidiary companies were located in the U.S., Germany, France, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Moscow and Haryana, India.

History

 * 1950 November – Taisei Optical Manufacturing Company founded, to manufacture lenses for cameras and binoculars.
 * 1952 October – Taisei Optical Industries established with a capital of 2.5 million yen.
 * 1958 – ‘Tamron’ trademark registered.
 * 1970 April – Trade name changed to Tamron Co., Ltd.
 * 1979 April – Tamron Industries, Inc. (presently Tamron USA, Inc.) established in New York City.
 * 1982 September – Tamron Vertriebs GmbH established in Germany.
 * 1984 February – Optech Tamron Co., Ltd. is established in Namioka, Aomori Prefecture.
 * 1984 August – Shares listed with Japan Securities Dealers Association (currently JASDAQ) in Tokyo for over-the-counter transactions.
 * 1985 December – Tamron Fine Giken Co., Ltd., a plant for making precision metal molds is established.
 * 1986 January – Injection molding plant is established in Owani, Aomori.
 * 1991 June – Optech Tamron Co., Ltd., is absorbed by Tamron Co., Ltd.
 * 1995 February – Tamron acquires 75% capital of Bronica Co., Ltd., entering into the medium-format camera business
 * 1995 April – Tamron (UK) Ltd. is established in the U.K.
 * 1997 May – Tamron Industries (Hong Kong) is established in Hong Kong.
 * 1997 July – Tamron Optical (Foshan) Co., Ltd. is established in Foshan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China.
 * 1998 July – Bronica Co., Ltd. is merged into Tamron Co., Ltd.
 * 2000 June – Tamron Fine Giken is merged into Tamron Co., Ltd.
 * 2000 June – Tamron France EURL is established in France.
 * 2005 October – Tamron Optical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. is established in Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
 * 2006 November – Tamron listed on the 1st Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
 * 2008 May – Tamron Co., Ltd. Taiwan manufacturing factory opened in Tainan, Taiwan.
 * 2009 July – Tamron Co., Ltd. India Liaison Office opened in Haryana, India.
 * 2009 November – Tamron Europe GmbH. Moscow Representative Office opened in Moscow, Russia.
 * 2013 June – Tamron India Pvt Ltd.opened in Haryana, India.
 * 2016 – Sale of compact camera lens modules began.
 * 2017 – Sale of drone camera lens modules began and Tamron acquired Toumeigiken Co.

Photographic lenses

Tamron has sold more than 5 million lenses as of September 2014. In the 2017 fiscal year, such lenses accounted for 74.9% of all sales.

 * Interchangeable lenses for digital and conventional SLR cameras, including compact high-ratio zoom lenses of which Tamron was the pioneer in 1992 when it released the 28–200 mm. The most-current lens of this type is the AF 16–300 mm F/3.5-6.3 Di II VC PZD MACRO. Tamron was the maker of the manual-focus Adaptall series which have interchangeable mounts for multiple camera brands. These replaced an older series of interchangeable mount lens, the Adaptamatic lenses, which offered less functionality. Tamron was also responsible for the development of the t2 or T-mount adapter system.
 * Fixed-focal wideangle, telephoto and macro lenses;
 * Zoom lenses of various focal length ranges;
 * Teleconverters.

Optical components

 * Camcorder lenses
 * Digital still camera lenses
 * Cellular phone camera lenses

Commercial and industrial-use optics

 * CCTV camera lenses for
 * Surveillance
 * Industrial vision
 * Image-processing
 * Projection lenses, test plates, high precision molds, injection-molded parts & components, optical device units, etc.

List of photographic lenses
Most current Tamron lenses are available for Sony E-mount, Nikon F-mount, and Canon EF-mount

Designations
Overall/General
 * SP — ‘Super Performance’, professional lenses
 * Di — ‘Digitally Integrated’, featuring coating optimized for digital SLRs, but still usable on 24×36 mm sensors (35 mm, ‘full’ or double frame)
 * Di II — Lenses for APS-C sized sensors only
 * Di III — Lenses for compact system cameras
 * ZL — ‘Zoom Lock’

Optical technology
 * ASL — hybrid ‘ASphericaL’ elements
 * GM — ‘Glass Molded aspherical’ elements
 * XGM — ‘eXpanded Glass Molded aspherical’ elements
 * LD — ‘Low Dispersion’ elements
 * XLD — ‘eXtra Low Dispersion’ elements
 * XR — ‘eXtra Refractive index’ glass
 * UXR — ‘Ultra-eXtra Refractive index’ glass
 * AD — ‘Anomalous Dispersion’ elements
 * LAH — ‘LD + ASL’ hybrid lens element
 * ADH — ‘AD + ASL’ hybrid lens element
 * HID — ‘High Index, High Dispersion’ glass
 * [IF] — ‘Internal Focusing’

Coating technology
 * BBAR — ‘Broad-Band Anti-Reflection’ coating
 * BBAR-G2 — ‘Broad-Band Anti-Reflection Generation 2’ coating
 * eBAND — nano-structured ‘Extended Bandwidth & Angular-Dependency’ coating
 * AX — ‘Anti-reflectioneXpand’ coating
 * FLR — ‘FLuoRine compensation’ coating

Autofocus/Electronic technology
 * VC — ‘Vibration Compensation’ – in-lens image stabilization (mounts for camera systems with in-body image stabilization typically don't feature VC in the lens. In this case, the lens does not carry the VC designation for this mount.)
 * USD — ‘Ultrasonic Silent Drive’ (AF lenses with this designation typically no longer carry the AF designation)
 * PZD — ‘Piezo Drive’ (AF lenses with this designation typically no longer carry the AF designation)
 * HLD — ‘High/Low torque-modulated Drive’ (AF lenses with this designation typically no longer carry the AF designation)
 * RXD — ‘Rapid eXtra-silent stepping Drive’ (AF lenses with this designation typically no longer carry the AF designation)
 * VXD — ‘Voice-coil eXtreme-torque Drive’ (AF lenses with this designation typically no longer carry the AF designation)
 * OSD — ‘Optimized Silent Drive’ (AF lenses with this designation typically no longer carry the AF designation)
 * DC — ‘DC Motor’
 * DSP — ‘Digital Signal Processor’
 * MPU — ‘MicroProcessing Unit’
 * DMPU — ‘Dual MicroProcessing Unit’

Weather-sealing technology
 * MR — ‘Moisture-Resistant’ construction
 * MP+DR — ‘Moisture-Proof and Dust-Resistant’ construction

Lenses for 35mm SLR cameras

 * Tamron SP AF 14 mm 2.8 Aspherical [IF] (model 69E, variants 69EM)
 * Tamron SP AF 90 mm 2.5 Macro (1:2) (model 52E, variants 52EM)
 * Tamron SP AF 90 mm 2.5 Macro (1:2) (model 152E, variants 152EM)
 * Tamron SP AF 90 mm 2.8 Macro 1:1 (model 72E, variants 72EM)
 * Tamron SP AF 90 mm 2.8 Macro 1:1 (model 172E, variants 172EM)
 * Tamron SP AF 300 mm 2.8 LD-IF (model 60E, variants 60EM)
 * Tamron SP AF 300 mm 2.8 LD [IF] (model 360E, variants 360EM)
 * Tamron SP AF 300 mm 2.8 LD [IF] (model 360EE)

 * Tamron AF 19–35 mm 3.5-4.5 (model A10, variants A10M)
 * Tamron SP AF 20–40 mm 2.7-3.5 Aspherical-IF (model 166D, variants 166DM)
 * Tamron SP AF 20–40 mm 2.7-3.5 Aspherical-IF (model 266D, variants 266DM)
 * Tamron AF 24–70 mm 3.3-5.6 Aspherical (model 73D, variants 73DM)
 * Tamron SP AF 24–135 mm 3.5-5.6 AD Aspherical [IF] Macro (model 190D, variants 190DM)
 * Tamron AF 28–70 mm 3.5-4.5 (model 159D)
 * Tamron AF 28–70 mm 3.5-4.5 (model 259D)
 * Tamron AF 28–80 mm 3.5-5.6 (model 77D, variants 77DM)
 * Tamron AF 28–80 mm 3.5-5.6 Aspherical (model 177D)
 * Tamron AF 28–80 mm 3.5-5.6 Aspherical (model 277D)
 * Tamron SP AF 28–105 mm 2.8 LD Aspherical-IF (model 176D, variants 176DM)
 * Tamron SP AF 28–105 mm 2.8 LD Aspherical-IF (model 276D, variants 276DM)
 * Tamron AF 28–105 mm 4-5.6 (model 79D)
 * Tamron AF 28–105 mm 4-5.6 Aspherical [IF] (model 179D, variants 179DM)
 * Tamron AF 28–200 mm 3.8-5.6 Aspherical (model 71D, variants 71DM)
 * Tamron AF 28–200 mm 3.8-5.6 LD Super (model 171D, variants 171DM)
 * Tamron AF 28–200 mm 3.8-5.6 LD Aspherical-IF Super Silver (model 271D)
 * Tamron AF 28–200 mm 3.8-5.6 LD Aspherical [IF] Super II Macro (model 371D, variants 371DM)
 * Tamron AF 28–200 mm 3.8-5.6 Aspherical-IF Super2 Silver (model 471D, variants 471DM)
 * Tamron AF 28–200 mm 3.8-5.6 LD Aspherical [IF] Super (model 571D)
 * Tamron AF 28–200 mm 3.8-5.6 Super XR Aspherical [IF] Macro (model A03, variants A03M)
 * Tamron AF 28–300 mm 3.5-6.3 LD Aspherical [IF] Macro (model 185D, variants 185DM)
 * Tamron AF 28–300 mm 3.8-6.3 LD Aspherical-IF Silver (model 285D)
 * Tamron AF 28–300 mm 3.5-6.3 Ultra Zoom XR LD Aspherical [IF] Macro (model A06, variants A06M)
 * Tamron AF 35–90 mm 4-5.6 (model 63D, variants 63DM)
 * Tamron SP AF 35–105 mm 2.8 Aspherical (model 65D, variants 65DM)
 * Tamron-F AF 35–135 mm 3.5-4.5 Tele-Macro (model 40D, variant for Minolta A-mount only) (1987-1988)
 * Tamron SP AF 70–210 mm 2.8 LD (model 67D, variant 67DM)
 * Tamron-F AF 70–210 mm 3.5-4.5 Tele-Macro (model 53D, variant for Minolta A-mount only) (1987-1989)
 * Tamron AF 70–210 mm 4-5.6 (model 158D, variants 158DM)
 * Tamron AF 70–210 mm 4-5.6 (model 258D, variants 258DM)
 * Tamron AF 70–300 mm 4-5.6 (model 172D, variants 172DM)
 * Tamron AF 70–300 mm 4-5.6 LD (model 372D)
 * Tamron AF 70–300 mm 4-5.6 LD (model 472D)
 * Tamron AF 70–300 mm 4-5.6 LD Macro 1:2 (model 572D, variants 572DM)
 * Tamron AF 70–300 mm 4-5.6 LD Macro (1:2) (model 772D)
 * Tamron AF 75–300 mm 4-5.6 LD (model 672D, variants 672DM)
 * Tamron AF 75–300 mm 4-5.6 LD Macro (model 872D)
 * Tamron AF 80–210 mm 4.5-5.6 (model 178D)
 * Tamron AF 80–210 mm 4.5-5.6 (model 278D)
 * Tamron AF 90–300 mm 4.5-5.6 (model 62D, variants 62DM)
 * Tamron AF 100–300 mm 5-6.3 (model 86D, variants 86DM)
 * Tamron AF 100–300 mm 5-6.3 (model 186D)
 * Tamron AF 200–400 mm 5.6 LD-IF (model 75D)
 * Tamron AF 200–400 mm 5.6 LD-IF (model 175D)

Di lenses for full-frame DSLR cameras

 * Tamron SP 35mm f/1.4 Di USD
 * Tamron SP 35mm f/1.8 Di VC USD
 * Tamron SP 45mm f/1.8 Di VC USD
 * Tamron SP 85mm f/1.8 Di VC USD
 * Tamron SP AF 90 mm 2.8 Di Macro 1:1 (model 272E, variants 272EE, 272EM/272ES, 272EN/272ENII, 272EP)
 * Tamron SP 90 mm 2.8 Di VC USD Macro 1:1 / Tamron SP 90 mm 2.8 Di USD Macro 1:1 (model F004, variants F004E, F004N, F004S)
 * Tamron SP 90mm 2.8 Di VC USD Macro 1:1 (model F017)
 * Tamron SP AF 180 mm 3.5 Di LD [IF] Macro 1:1 (model B01, variants B01E, B01M/B01S, B01N)

 * Tamron SP 15-30mm 2.8 Di VC USD / Tamron SP 15-30mm 2.8 Di USD (model A012, variants A012E, A012M/A012S, A012N)
 * Tamron SP 15-30mm f/2.8 Di VC USD G2 (model A041, variants A041E, A041N)
 * Tamron SP AF 17–35 mm 2.8-4 Di LD Aspherical [IF] (model A05, variant A05M)
 * Tamron 17-35mm f/2.8-4 Di OSD (model A037, variants A037E, A037N)
 * Tamron SP 24–70 mm 2.8 Di VC USD / Tamron SP 24–70 mm 2.8 Di USD (model A007, variants A007E, A007N, A007S)
 * Tamron SP 24-70mm f/2.8 Di VC USD G2 (model A032, variants A032E, A032N)
 * Tamron SP AF 28–75 mm 2.8 XR Di LD Aspherical [IF] Macro (model A09, variants A09E, A09M/A09S, A09N/A09NII, A09P)
 * Tamron AF 28–200 mm 3.8-5.6 XR Di Aspherical [IF] Macro (model A031, variants A031E, A031N, A031P, A031S)
 * Tamron AF 28–300 mm 3.5-6.3 XR Di LD Aspherical [IF] (model A061, variants A061E, A061M/A061S, A061N, A061P)
 * Tamron AF 28–300 mm 3.5-6.3 XR Di VC LD Aspherical [IF] (model A20, variants A20E, A20N/A20NII)
 * Tamron 28-300 mm 3.5-6.3 Di VC PZD / Tamron 28-300 mm 3.5-6.3 Di PZD (model A010, variants A010E, A010S)
 * Tamron 35–150 mm 2.8-4 Di VC OSD (model A043)
 * Tamron SP AF 70–200 mm 2.8 Di LD [IF] Macro (model A001, variants A001E, A001N/A001NII, A001P, A001S)
 * Tamron SP 70-200 mm 2.8 Di VC USD / Tamron SP 70-200 mm 2.8 Di USD (model A009, variants A009E, A009N, A009S)
 * Tamron SP 70-200mm F/2.8 Di VC USD G2 (model A025, variants A025E, A025N)
 * Tamron SP 70-210mm F/4.0 Di VC USD (model A034, variants A034E, A034N))
 * Tamron SP 70–300 mm 4-5.6 Di VC USD / Tamron SP 70–300 mm 4-5.6 Di USD (model A005, variants A005E, A005N/A005NII, A005S)
 * Tamron AF 70–300 mm 4-5.6 Di LD Macro 1:2 (model A17, variants A17E, A17N/A17NII, A17P, A17S)
 * Tamron 100-400mm f/4.5-6.3 Di VC USD (model A035, variants A035E, A035N)
 * Tamron SP 150-600 mm 5-6.3 Di VC USD / Tamron SP 150-600 mm 5-6.3 Di USD (model A011, variants A011E, A011N, A011S)
 * Tamron SP 150-600mm f/5-6.3 Di VC USD G2 (model A022, variants A022E, A022N)
 * Tamron SP AF 200–500 mm 5-6.3 Di LD [IF] (model A08, variants A08E, A08M/A08S, A08N)

Di II lenses for APS-C format DSLR cameras

 * Tamron SP AF 60 mm 2.0 Di II LD [IF] Macro 1:1 (model G005, variants G005E, G005N/G005NII, G005S)

 * Tamron SP AF 10–24 mm 3.5-4.5 Di II LD Aspherical [IF] (model B001, variants B001E, B001N/B001NII, B001P, B001S)
 * Tamron 10-24mm f/3.5-4.5 Di II VC HLD (model B023, variants B023C, B023N)
 * Tamron SP AF 11–18 mm 4.5-5.6 Di II LD Aspherical [IF] (model A13, variants A13M)
 * Tamron 16-300 mm 3.5-6.3 Di II VC PZD Macro / Tamron 16-300 mm 3.5-6.3 Di II PZD Macro (model B016, variants B016E, B016N, B016S)
 * Tamron SP AF 17–50 mm 2.8 XR Di II LD Aspherical [IF] (model A16, variants A16E, A16N/A16NII, A16P, A16S)
 * Tamron SP AF 17–50 mm 2.8 XR Di II VC LD Aspherical [IF] (model B005, variants B005E, B005N/B005NII)
 * Tamron AF 18–200 mm 3.5-6.3 XR Di II LD Aspherical [IF] (model A14, variants A14E, A14M/A14S, A14N/A14NII, A14P)
 * Tamron 18-200mm F/3.5-6.3 Di II VC (model B018, variants B018C, B018N)
 * Tamron AF 18–250 mm 3.5-6.3 Di II LD Aspherical [IF] Macro (model A18, variants A18E, A18N/A18NII, A18P, A18S)
 * Tamron AF 18–270 mm 3.5-6.3 Di II VC LD Aspherical [IF] Macro (model B003, variants B003E, B003N/B003NII)
 * Tamron 18-270 mm 3.5-6.3 Di II VC PZD / Tamron 18-270 mm 3.5-6.3 Di II PZD (model B008, variants B008E, B008N, B008S)
 * Tamron AF 18–400 mm 3.5-6.3 Di II VC HLD (model B028)
 * Tamron AF 55–200 mm 4-5.6 Di II LD Macro (model A15, variants A15E, A15M/A15S, A15N/A15NII)
 * Tamron SP AF 90mm f/2.8 Di 1:1 Macro

Di III lenses for digital compact system cameras

 * Tamron 14-150 mm 3.5-5.8 Di III (model C001)
 * Tamron 17-28mm f/2.8 Di III RXD for full-frame Sony E-mount
 * Tamron 17-70mm f/2.8 Di III-A VC RXD for APS-C Sony E-mount (B070, announced December 2020)
 * Tamron 28-75mm f/2.8 Di III RXD for full-frame Sony E-mount (A036, available January 2019)
 * Tamron 28-75mm f/2.8 Di III VXD G2 for full-frame Sony E-mount (A063, available October 2021)
 * Tamron 28-200mm f/2.8-5.6 Di III RXD for full-frame Sony E-mount (A071, available June 2020)
 * Tamron 35-150mm f/2-2.8 Di III VXD for full-frame Sony E-mount (A058, available October 2021)
 * Tamron 70-180mm f/2.8 Di III VXD for full-frame Sony E-mount (A056, available May 2020)
 * Tamron 20mm f/2.8 Di III OSD for full-frame Sony E-mount
 * Tamron 24mm f/2.8 Di III OSD for full-frame Sony E-mount
 * Tamron 35mm f/2.8 Di III OSD for full-frame Sony E-mount
 * Tamron 18-200 mm 3.5-6.3 Di III VC (model B011, variants B011EM, B011S)

Manual focus lenses
Taisei Optical made a strategic decision to specialize in developing telephoto lenses, releasing its first lens, 135 mm (Model #280), in 1958. The lens was branded Tamron, to honor its designer (Tamura Uhyoue), and used the T mount system, making it adaptable to bodies from multiple camera manufacturers. It was bundled with a dedicated 1.67× teleconverter. Taisei continued to develop the interchangeable mount, releasing the Adapt-A-Matic (アダプトマチック) series starting in 1969 with the 70~220 mm (Model PZ-30Au), which added automatic diaphragm coupling capability, followed by the Adaptall (アダプトール) series starting in 1973. The Adaptall-2 series was introduced in 1979 and production continued until 2006.

In the United States, Vernon Photographic Corporation (Mt. Vernon, New York) registered the trademark Edonar in 1967 for lenses sold under its own brand. Some Edonar lenses were built by Taisei Kogaku, as engraved on the lens.

Adaptall-2 lenses and adapters (discontinued 2005/2006)
Adaptall-2 interchangeable mounts produced for:

Adaptall lenses and adapters
Adaptall (first series) mount lenses

Adaptall (first series) interchangeable mounts produced for:

Adapt-A-Matic lenses and adapters
Adapt-A-Matic mount lenses

Adapt-A-Matic interchangeable mounts produced for:

T2 lenses and adapters
T2 screw mount lenses

T2 interchangeable mounts produced for: (Manufactured by Tamron, as well as third party manufacturers)

title: Tamron


text: User talk:132.241.245.132

title: User talk:132.241.245.132


text:
1920–1924 Pacific hurricane seasons

The 1920-24 Pacific hurricane seasons all began on May 15 of their respective years in the eastern north Pacific Ocean and on June 1 in the central north Pacific. They ended on November 30, of each year. These dates conventionally delimit the time of year when most tropical cyclones form in northeast Pacific Ocean tropical cyclone basin, between the International Date Line and the west coast of North America. However, tropical cyclone formation is possible at any time of the year. Before the dawn of the satellite era in the 1960s, data on Pacific hurricanes is extremely unreliable. For a few years, there are no reported cyclones, although many systems likely formed and went undocumented.

1920
Three known tropical cyclones formed this year in the eastern Pacific proper. One of them existed from September 10 to 13. It passed close to the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula but never made landfall.

1921
Nine tropical cyclones are known this year in the eastern Pacific proper.

I. After crossing central Baja California, a tropical cyclone moved northward into southwestern Arizona on August 20, causing up to 2 in of rain.

II. A system stayed at sea from September 25 to 30. It paralleled the coast of Mexico without making landfall. The remnants of this tropical cyclone moved northeastward through Baja California and Arizona, producing up to 4 in of rain in the desert region.

III. and IV. Two possible tropical cyclones exited in the central Pacific during the month of October. The first developed on October 5 near Hawaii, and moved northward until being absorbed by an extratropical storm over the Aleutian Islands. The second was observed on October 17 well to the northeast of Hawaii. For both of these systems, it is unknown what, if any, tropical characteristics they had. It is possible they were Kona-type storms due to their locations.

1922
Seven tropical cyclones formed this year.

I. One of them was an extremely unusual hurricane that formed between February 6 and 18 and hassled a ship moving between San Pedro and Panama City. This is the only Eastern Pacific hurricane to form in the month of February.

II. Another cyclone paralleled the coast of Mexico from August 27 to 30. It passed south of the Revilla Gigedo Islands but otherwise stayed at sea.

III. A "tropical hurricane" formed offshore western Mexico on September 9, and moved northwest, parallel but well offshore the coast, dissipating on September 13.

IV. A tropical cyclone was tracked from October 14 to 16. It moved northeast and made landfall near Mazatlán.

1923
Five known tropical cyclones existed in the eastern Pacific proper this year.

I. The initial low pressure area formed on August 20 well southwest of Hawaii. Moving generally westward, it was a small hurricane on August 23 when it was last noted. This storm is known as the Vega Cyclone, named after the USS Vega (AK-17) which reported the storm.

II. A tropical storm formed on October 12. After moving north, it made landfall near Salina Cruz. It crossed the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and emerged into the Bay of Campeche. It strengthened into Atlantic hurricane 6 and eventually made landfall in Louisiana as a weak Category 2.

1924
Three known tropical cyclones formed this year in the eastern Pacific proper.

I. One was detected on September 2. It stayed at sea and was lost track of on September 8.

II. Another system was discovered on September 6. It moved in a generally northerly direction. It dissipated on September 9 after making landfall about midway between Acapulco and a place called "C. Corrigules". However, weather associated with it crossed into the Gulf of Mexico.

title: 1920–1924 Pacific hurricane seasons


text:
List of CISAC members

This is a list of International Confederation of Societies of Authors and Composers (Confédération Internationale des Sociétés d´Auteurs et Compositeurs) or CISAC members.

As of September 2011, CISAC counts among its members 232 authors' societies in 121 countries.

Africa
Algeria
 * ONDA

Angola
 * SADIA, UNAC-SA

Benin
 * BUBEDRA

Burkina Faso
 * BBDA

Cameroon
 * CMC, SOCILADRA

Central African Republic
 * BUCADA

Congo
 * BCDA

Côte d'Ivoire
 * BURIDA

Democratic Republic of Congo
 * SONECA

Egypt
 * SACERAU

Ghana
 * COSGA

Guinea
 * BGDA

Kenya
 * MCSK

Madagascar
 * OMDA

Malawi
 * COSOMA

Mali
 * BUMDA

Mauritius
 * MASA

Morocco
 * BMDA

Mozambique
 * SOMAS

Namibia
 * NASCAM

Niger
 * Bureau Nigérien du Droit d'Auteur (BNDA)

Nigeria
 * COSON, MCSN

Senegal
 * BSDA

Seychelles
 * SACS

South Africa
 * DALRO, Southern African Music Rights Organisation (SAMRO), SARRAL

Togo
 * BUTODRA

Tunisia
 * OTPDA

Uganda
 * Uganda Performing Right Society

United Republic of Tanzania
 * COSOTA

Zambia
 * ZAMCOPS

Zimbabwe
 * ZIMURA

America
Argentina
 * ARGENTORES, DAC, SADAIC, SAVA

Barbados
 * COSCAP

Belize
 * BSCAP

Bolivia
 * SOBODAYCOM

Brazil
 * ABRAMUS, ADDAF, AMAR, ASSIM, AUTVIS, SADEMBRA, SBACEM, SBAT, SICAM, SOCINPRO, UBC

Canada
 * Access Copyright, CARCC, CMRRA, CSCS, DRCC, SARTEC, SOCAN, SODRAC, SPACQ

Chile
 * ATN, CREAIMAGEN, SCD

Colombia
 * SAYCO

Costa Rica
 * ACAM

Cuba
 * ACDAM, ADAVIS

Dominican Republic
 * SGACEDOM

Ecuador
 * ARTEGESTION, SAYCE

El Salvador
 * SACIM, EGC

Guatemala
 * AEI

Honduras
 * AACIMH

Jamaica
 * JACAP

Mexico
 * DIRECTORES, SACM, SOGEM, SOMAAP

Nicaragua
 * NICAUTOR

Panama
 * SPAC

Paraguay
 * APA

Peru
 * APDAYC, APSAV

Saint Lucia
 * ECCO

Suriname
 * SASUR

Trinidad and Tobago
 * CCL, COTT

United States
 * AMRA, ARS, ASCAP, Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI), Directors Guild of America (DGA), National Music Publishers Association (NMPA), SESAC Inc., The Author's Registry Inc., VAGA, Writers Guild of America (WGA)

Uruguay
 * AGADU, LATINAUTOR

Venezuela
 * AUTORARTE, SACVEN

Asia & Oceania
Armenia
 * ARMAUTHOR

Australia
 * AMCOS (Associate), APRA (Member), ASDACS, AWGACS, Copyright Agency

Azerbaijan
 * AAS

Brunei Darussalam
 * BEAT

China
 * MCSC

Georgia
 * SAS

Hong Kong
 * CASH

India
 * IPRS

Indonesia
 * WAMI, KCI, PAPPRI

Israel
 * ACUM, TALI

Japan
 * APG-Japan, JASRAC, JASPAR

Kazakhstan
 * KazAK

Kyrgyzstan
 * KYRGYZPATENT

Macau
 * MACA

Malaysia
 * MACP

Mongolia
 * MOSCAP

Nepal
 * CPSN, MRCSN

Pakistan
 * COMP

Philippines
 * FILSCAP

Republic of Korea
 * KOMCA, KOSA, SACK

Singapore
 * COMPASS

Taiwan, Chinese Taipei
 * COLCCMA, MÜST

Thailand
 * MCT

Turkey
 * MESAM, MSG, SETEM, SINEBIR

Uzbekistan
 * GAI UZ

Vietnam
 * VCPMC

Europe
Albania
 * ALBAUTOR

Austria
 * AKM, AUSTRO-MECHANA, LITERAR-MECHANA, VBK, VDFS

Belarus
 * NCIP

Belgium
 * GESAC, SABAM, SOFAM

Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * SQN

Bulgaria
 * FILMAUTOR, MUSICAUTOR, TEATERAUTOR

Croatia
 * HDS-ZAMP

Czech Republic
 * DILIA, GESTOR, OSA

Denmark
 * COPY-DAN BILLEDKUNST, KODA, NCB

Estonia
 * EAU

Finland
 * KIRJAILIJA, KOPIOSTO, KUVASTO, TEOSTO

France
 * ADAGP, SACD, SACEM, SACENC, SCAM, SESAM, SGDL, SNAC, SPACEM

Germany
 * BILD-KUNST, GEMA

Greece
 * Autodia, Aepi, SADH, SOPE

Holy See (Vatican City State)
 * UFFICIO LEGALE

Hungary
 * ARTISJUS, FILMJUS, HUNGART

Iceland
 * STEF

Ireland
 * IMRO, IVARO, SDCSI

Italy
 * SIAE

Latvia
 * AKKA-LAA

Lithuania
 * LATGA

Luxembourg
 * SACEMLUXEMBOURG

Montenegro
 * PAM CG

Netherlands
 * BUMA, LIRA, PICTORIGHT, STEMRA, VEVAM

Norway
 * BONO, TONO

Poland
 * Society of Authors ZAiKS, ZAPA

Portugal
 * SPA

Republic of Moldova
 * AsDAC

Romania
 * UCMR-ADA

Russian Federation
 * RAO, UPRAVIS

Serbia
 * SOKOJ

Slovakia
 * LITA, SOZA

Slovenia
 * SAZAS, ZAMP Association of Slovenia

Spain
 * DAMA, SGAE, VEGAP

Sweden
 * BUS, STIM

Switzerland
 * PROLITTERIS, SSA, SUISA, SUISSIMAGE

The Republic of Macedonia
 * ZAMP - Macedonia

Ukraine
 * UACRR

United Kingdom
 * ACS, ALCS, Design and Artists Copyright Society (DACS), DIRECTORS UK, Mechanical-Copyright Protection Society (MCPS), Performing Right Society (PRS FOR MUSIC)

title: List of CISAC members


text: User talk:216.56.21.3

title: User talk:216.56.21.3


text:
Category talk:Browser games

Deleted Pages
The following articles were deleted in what can only be described as a massacre week 21st April 2007.

 * Xenocide rpg
 * histdiffWorlds of War II
 * WEBoggle
 * Visual Utopia
 * Ultimatearcade.com
 * Tribal Wars
 * Travian
 * The Last Knights
 * Territory War
 * TV Stocks Online
 * Sunday League (game)
 * Starships!
 * SlaveHack
 * Senior League Hockey
 * Realspace 2
 * Realms of Mayhem
 * Race War Kingdoms
 * Prophecy of Victo
 * Planetia
 * PimpNationals
 * Need For Madness?
 * MotherLoad
 * Midnight Terror
 * ManagerLeague
 * The Lord Archmage
 * Lands of Hope
 * Inselkampf
 * ITSAGOAL
 * Horse Isle RPG
 * GHO-Trader
 * Freekick
 * The Five Pillars (Online Game)
 * Ferion
 * Evolution (MMOG)
 * Down town mafia
 * Disposal project
 * Dead Awaken
 * Inselkampf
 * Cybernations

Comments
Second why is Alien Homonid listed here? its a console game...
 * This page makes no sense. 1st, why do oGame and NeoPets have their own subcategories?

 * Championship Manager Online is a browser based game that should be added to this list. (www.cm-online.com)

 * Wow, you hated inselkampf enough to delete it twice? Way to go.

 * What do you have against inselkampf?

 * Dead Awaken deserves to be a page!! It Rocks!! - Diptura —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.247.133.223 (talk) 23:56, 6 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Browser games


text:
Jacksonville City Nights

Jacksonville City Nights is the seventh studio album by American alternative country singer-songwriter Ryan Adams, released on September 26, 2005, and released in the US on September 27, 2005 on Lost Highway. The album is Adams' second with The Cardinals, and the second in a trilogy of albums released in a seven-month timespan during 2005. By 2007, the album had sold 100,000 copies in the United States and 158,000 worldwide. The album was recorded live in the studio, without overdubs. The title is a reference to Adams' hometown of Jacksonville, North Carolina, which has been referenced throughout his career.

Several limited American releases contained a DVD entitled September (which was originally intended to be the title of the album), which featured a 20 minute documentary about the band on the road and in the studio. Bassist Catherine Popper is featured in the photograph on the album cover.

Reception
The album so far has a score of 72 out of 100 from Metacritic based on "generally favorable reviews". Spin gave it a B+ and said the album "reminds you why Adams was once a big deal." NME gave it a score of seven out of ten and said, "Adams could clearly make use of an editor here--but you can't possibly hate an album that uses pedal-steel on every track." Tiny Mix Tapes gave it a score of three-and-a-half stars out of five and said, "As with most Adams records, the fact that some of the songs made the cut is perplexing." However, Blender gave it three stars out of five and said, "It's the sound of a New Yorker coming home for a breath of country air." Prefix Magazine gave it an average review and said, "Perhaps Adams is just earning cheap sympathy with his strained, tour-weary voice, or maybe it’s just too thrilling to hear him revisit Gram, but Jacksonville City Lights [sic] does seem to come by its sound honestly."

The Cardinals

 * Ryan Adams - vocals, acoustic guitar, piano
 * J.P. Bowersock - electric guitars
 * Catherine Popper - bass, piano, background vocals
 * Brad Pemberton - drums, percussion
 * Jon Graboff - pedal steel, background vocals

Other musicians

 * Claudia Chopek: Violin.
 * David Gold: Violin & Viola.
 * Bob Hoffnar: Pedal steel.
 * Byron Isaacs: Background vocals.
 * Norah Jones: Piano & vocals.
 * Julia Kent: Cello.
 * Joe McGinty: Piano.
 * Michael Panes: Violin.
 * Johnny T: Drums.
 * Glenn Patscha: Piano & background vocals.

The Nashville String Machine
The Nashville String Machine perform on the song "My Heart Is Broken" and are:
 * Bergen White: Arranger and conductor.
 * Violins: Carl Gorodetsky, Pamela Sixfin, Conni Ellisor, Allan Umstead, David Angell, Cathy Umstead & Mary Kathryn Vanosdale.
 * Violas: Kris Wilkinson, Gary Vanosdale & Jim Grosjean.
 * Cellos: Carole Rabinowitz & Bob Mason.

title: Jacksonville City Nights


text:
Talk:Bonky

Untitled
Can the editors add more detail about the life of bonky? Joncraib (talk) 05:51, 18 March 2017 (UTC)

How did Onno Borgen get the nickname bonky? Joncraib (talk) 05:51, 18 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bonky


text:
Hebrew school

Hebrew school is Jewish education focusing on topics of Jewish history, learning the Hebrew language, and finally learning their Torah Portion, in preparation for the ceremony in Judaism of entering adulthood, known as a Bar or Bat Mitzvah. Hebrew school is usually taught in dedicated classrooms at a synagogue, under the instruction of a Hebrew teacher (who may or may not be fluent in Hebrew), and often receives support from the cantor for learning the ancient chanting of their Torah portion, and from the rabbi during their ceremony since they must read from a Torah scroll, which has no Hebrew vowels, and very close together text and minimal line spacing; making it very challenging for almost anyone to read from.

Hebrew school can be either an educational regimen separate from secular education similar to the Christian Sunday school, education focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language, or a primary, secondary or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.The first usage is more common in the United States, while the second is used elsewhere outside Israel, for example, in reference to the Colegio Hebreo Unión in Barranquilla, Colombia, or the Associated Hebrew Schools in Toronto.

Background and history
According to an article in the Jewish Quarterly Review entitled "The Jewish Sunday School Movement in the United States" and printed in 1900, "the exact beginning of the American Jewish Sunday schools is obscured by uncertainty and difficulty of opinion", though it is largely credited with the works of Rebecca Gratz, a Philadelphia native, who sought to provide Jewish schooling to those most in need. As students received secular schooling, Gratz understood the need to provide Jewish history and Jewish traditions to those most lacking a basic understanding in Jewish education. In fact, Jewish Sunday school grew largely in response to Christian Sunday school, as a means of providing proper Jewish education to students who otherwise lacked any religious grounding in Jewish traditions and history or lacked the financial means necessary to attend such a school. As a devout Jew, Gratz dedicated her life to helping the poor and neglected. In 1818, "under the sponsorship of the Female Hebrew Benevolent Society of Philadelphia, the Hebrew Sunday School Society of Philadelphia was created on 4 March, her birthday, with about 60 students". To this day, Rebecca Gratz is referenced as "the foremost American Jewess of her day".

Curriculum overview
Hebrew school is typically taught on Sunday and on one day of the week – either Tuesday or Wednesday – in the late afternoon, following secular education in private or public schools. Hebrew school education developed in the 1800s and is largely credited to Rebecca Gratz.

Today, typical Hebrew school education starts in kindergarten and culminates in the 10th grade with confirmation. While the idea of confirmation largely grew out of Reform Judaism, it is largely practiced by both the Reform and Conservative movements today. It is based in the Reform and Conservative movements and therefore not practiced in the Jewish Orthodox movement. Instead, Orthodox students attend daily religious schools such as yeshivas, where they study Jewish texts like Torah and the Talmud in greater depth. Orthodox schooling often prepares young boys to become rabbis and involves a deeper level of study than Hebrew school education provides. Whereas both boys and girls study in Hebrew schools in a co-educational environment, education in the Orthodox community is based on single-sex education, with greater emphasis placed on traditional roles for men and women. Some Orthodox congregations offer Hebrew school for non-Orthodox students, such as the TAG Hebrew schools common in Chabad houses.

Kindergarten and first grade
During kindergarten and first grade, students are introduced to major Jewish holidays and the aleph-bet (Hebrew alphabet). Usually learning at this young age relies on a number of hands-on activities such as crafts, music, cooking and storytelling to engage young learners. Children will often sing songs in Hebrew to improve their Hebrew speaking skills and memory of Hebrew words. Additionally, students might learn the aleph-bet through puzzles and other fun activities. In addition to learning the Hebrew alphabet, children will also learn how to count to ten, how to identify major body parts, learn their Hebrew names and be able to recite prayers such as the blessings for Shabbat. In first grade, students will learn Torah stories such as Adam and Eve, and Joseph in Egypt. First grade is sometimes referred to as "grade aleph", corresponding to the first letter in the Hebrew alphabet.

Second grade through fifth grade
During these years, students build on a variety of skills and knowledge they have learned as youngsters while learning new skills like reading Hebrew, reciting common prayers such as the Shema and V'ahavta, and learning by heart the blessings over the candles, wine and bread. Students learn the concept of tzedakah (charity), become acquainted with Jewish rituals and customs, and gain a better understanding of Jewish history and the land of Israel. Classes may also include lessons on Jewish ethics and morality. In the earlier years of Hebrew school, children will explore God, spirituality and ethics. For example, God is one, God created the world, and God brought us out of Egypt. In order to make Hebrew school a fun atmosphere for learning, and to teach children the mitzvot of Judaism, children will bake challah for Shabbat, have class in a sukkah during Sukkot, or light candles during Hanukkah. These experiences teach children about the holidays and mitzvot better than just reading about them.

Bar/Bat Mitzvah preparation
One of the most important events to take place during Jewish education is the celebration of the Bar and Bat Mitzvah. Bar/Bat Mitzvah education begins in the 6th and 7th grade, when students are provided with an instructor – usually a rabbi or cantor – and begin studying their torah and haftorah portion by learning to use cantillation, a system for chanting sacred texts. Oftentimes children will attend Hebrew school with the sole purpose of learning how to read Hebrew for their Bar/Bat Mitzvah. In these cases, the students will mostly learn the Hebrew words that are in the Torah portion they will be reciting.

title: Hebrew school


text:
Abbots Creek

Abbots Creek is a tributary of Back Creek in Cumberland County, New Jersey in the United States.

title: Abbots Creek


text:
William Crozier (artillerist)

William Crozier (February 19, 1855 – November 11, 1942) was a career United States Army officer in the Ordnance Corps and the 11th Chief of Ordnance.

Early life
Born at Carrollton, Ohio on February 19, 1855, Crozier was the son of Robert Crozier (1827–1895), Chief Justice of Kansas in 1863–1866, and a United States Senator from December 1873 to February 1874. William Crozier married Miss Mary Hoyt Williams (1864–1955) in England on October 31, 1913; the only daughter of Mrs. Elizabeth Hoyt Williams and the late Charles Augustus Williams (1829–1899) of New London and Washington, and the sister of the Hon. William C. Williams (1862–1947), commissioner of immigration at Ellis Island (1902–1905/1910–1914). General Crozier is buried in Arlington National Cemetery Section East Site S-28 with his wife Mary Hoyt Crozier (née Williams).

Crozier graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York in 1876, and was appointed a second lieutenant in the 4th Artillery. Hugh L. Scott, Eben Swift, James Parker and George Andrews were among his classmates. He then served on the Western frontier for three years against the Sioux and Bannock Indians.

Career
From 1879 to 1884 Crozier was instructor in mathematics at West Point, and was superintendent of Watertown Arsenal from 1884 to 1887.

In 1888 he was sent by the War Department to study recent developments in artillery in Europe, and on return he was placed in full charge of the construction of gun carriages for the army. With General Adelbert R. Buffington, a future Chief of Ordnance of the United States Army, he invented the Buffington–Crozier disappearing gun carriage (1893). He also invented a wire-wound gun, and perfected many appliances connected with heavy and field ordnance.

In 1890 Crozier was promoted to the rank of captain. During the Spanish–American War he was inspector-general for the Atlantic and Gulf coast defenses.

In 1899 he was one of the American delegates to the Peace Conference at the Hague.

He later served in the Philippines on the staffs of Generals John C. Bates and Theodore Schwan, and in 1900 was chief of ordnance on the staff of General Adna Chaffee during the China Relief Expedition.

Chief of Ordnance
In November 1901 he was promoted to brigadier general, passing over several more senior officers, and succeeded General Buffington as Chief of Ordnance of the United States Army. He served until 1918, not counting the time he was commandant of the Army War College in 1912 and 1913. The provision of munitions in World War I was under his charge until December 1917, eight months after the American entry into World War I. He was then made a member of the Supreme War Council, and in the discharge of this office was in France and Italy for the first half of 1918.

Crozier presided over adoption of the M1911 and the obscure M1909 Benét-Mercié light machine gun, as well as the replacement of .30 Army Gatling Guns. He also oversaw and authorized donation and sale of various condemned cannon for use in town centers, soldier's monuments, and posts for fraternal organizations such as the Grand Army of the Republic. His Notes on the Construction of Ordnance, published by the war department, were used as text-books in the schools for officers, and he also authored several other important publications on military subjects.

Crozier also presided over the adoption of the M1903 rifle, the M1918 BAR (adopted in 1917), and the M1917 machine gun, all of which would serve well into the latter half of the 20th century. He also played a role in the rejection of the Lewis Gun by the Army, although it was quickly adopted by the British and used effectively through both World Wars. A few were used by the United States Marine Corps, and eventually, by the Army to a limited degree. In 1907, he was interested in Orville and Wilbur Wright's novel ordnance delivery method.

Crozier was promoted to major general in July 1918 and retired from the Army on 1 January 1919.

Gantt chart
In 1917, after inspection of factories in which Henry Gantt had installed his methods, Crozier, then Chief of Ordnance, retained Gantt as a consultant on production, first at the Frankford Arsenal, and then, immediately after the April declaration of war, in the Ordnance Department at Washington.

Large orders had been placed with arsenals and other manufacturing plants for the production of arms and munitions, but it was difficult to get a comprehensive idea of what progress was being made in the filling of these orders. Quantities had suddenly jumped from hundreds to millions, and it was impossible to convey by means of typewritten tables the significance of such unusual quantities or the time necessary to produce them. Charts of the usual type were unsatisfactory because they did not sufficiently emphasize the time and because of their bulk, since only one item could be put on a sheet.

Gantt concentrated on developing charts which would show a comparison between performance and promise. Several years previous to this time, he had used a chart on which the work for machines was "laid out" according to the time required to do it. The Gantt Progress Chart, as developed from this early form, was found to help in the making of definite plans and to be highly effective in getting those plans executed. The rate at which the work goes forward is continuously compared with the advance of time, which induces action to accelerate or retard that rate. These charts are not static records of the past: they deal with the present and future and their only connection with the past is with respect to its effect upon the future.

Crozier quickly grasped the possibilities of this chart in helping to fix responsibility for action or lack of action, and had it introduced in various branches of the Ordnance Department. During 1918 these charts were used in the United States arsenals, in the production of naval aircraft, and in other government work, such as that of the Emergency Fleet, the Shipping Board, etc.

Memorials
Crozier died at age 87 in 1942. On his death, he bequeathed to the Philadelphia Museum of Art "The Crozier Collection", of antique crystal, porcelain and china.

On her death the 2 August 1955, Mary Hoyt Crozier (the daughter of New London, Connecticut mayor Charles Augustus Williams) left $300,000 to West Point to build a memorial hall. The USMA rejected her chosen building site, and the bequest reverted to another institution, Connecticut College.

title: William Crozier (artillerist)


text:
Talk:Operation Source

Source or not Source?
The article on X-Craft is interesting, but I thought that Operation Source was sufficiently important to justify its own page. Especially so, when the page existed as a redirect. So, I extracted the material from X-Crafts and adapted it to stand alone. At the same time, I abbreviated the description of Source in the original article.

No offence is intended by reverting the article, but I still think that Source should be separately described and the X-Craft article linked to it.

Folks at 137 18:48, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

I stumbled upon this subject via the rather good book "Against All Odds" ( http://aviabooks.co.uk/book.php?id=1874&cat=12 ). Which is a great account of Operation Source, and seems to be very well researched. Unfortunately there seems to be precious little information to be found on the internet about it. 82.71.7.193 01:34, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Grove gives it some coverage, but contradicts some facts presented, & believes X-5 may've laid the fatal charges.  TREKphiler   hit me ♠  20:25, 20 November 2008 (UTC)

X5 or X6?
The paragraph that starts with "X5, commanded by Lieutenant Henty Henty-Creer" seems to discuss the fate of X5, yet the next to last sentence mentions "X6"; maybe it was meant to say "X5" too?

96.22.238.37 (talk) 14:28, 17 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Operation Source


text:
Ogden Creek

Ogden Creek is a tributary of Back Creek in Cumberland County, New Jersey in the United States.

Joseph Ogden owned land at Mill Creek in Fairfield Township. Presumably, the creek was named after him and his family.

title: Ogden Creek


text:
David D. Kpormakpor

David Donald Kpormakpor (28 September 1935 – 19 August 2010) was a Liberian politician and the first chairman of the Council of State that ruled Liberia from 7 March 1994 until 1 September 1995 during the height of the First Liberian Civil War.

Born in Bomi County, Kpormakpor graduated from the Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law of the University of Liberia. He later served as an associate justice on the Supreme Court of Liberia.

During the civil war, Kpormakpor was chosen as the civilian chair of the Council of State, which also included members representing warring factions in an attempt to end the war. Following a year of political stalemate, Kpormakpor and the Council of State disbanded and were succeeded by another council headed by Wilton Sankawulo.

Kpormakpor later moved to the United States, residing on Staten Island. He died in New York City in 2010. A high-level Liberian Government delegation, headed Cllr. Philip A. Z. Banks, II, Chairman of the Law Reform Commission and Former Minister of the Ministry of Justice, attended the funeral of the Honorable David D. Kpormakpor, former Chairman of the Liberia National Transitional Government (LNTG) in the United States of America.

title: David D. Kpormakpor


text:
North American Meat Institute

The Meat Institute (formerly the North American Meat Institute) is a non-profit, industry trade association formed in 2015 from the merger of the American Meat Institute (AMI) and the North American Meat Association (NAMA). It is headquartered in metropolitan Washington, DC.

History
The Meat Institute was formed with the merger of the American Meat Institute and North American Meat Association in 2015. The origins of the association date back to the passage of the Federal Meat Inspection Act in 1906, one of the first U.S. laws to set federal food processing standards. The American Meat Packers Association was founded in Chicago shortly thereafter to assist meat packers in complying with the new law. Its name was changed to the American Meat Institute in 1940. In 1979, AMI moved from Chicago to Washington, DC to be closer to the federal government while regulatory and legislative affairs dominated the institute's agenda. In 2024, the name was shortened to Meat Institute from North American Meat Institute as part of a rebrand.

NAMA formed in 2012 from the merger of the National Meat Association (NMA) and the North American Meat Processors (NAMP). NAMA was headquartered in Oakland, California. NMA was formed by the merger of Pacific Coast Meat Association, itself formed in 1948, and Western States Meat Packers Association which had launched in 1946 in San Francisco, California. NMA was once known as Western States Meat Association, but had since grown to national prominence with approximately 500 member companies. It had a biennial trade show called MEATXPO.

COVID-19 pandemic
During the coronavirus pandemic, the Meat Institute wrote a draft of an executive order for President Donald Trump to keep meat plants open during the pandemic. After receiving the draft, Trump issued an executive order which had similarities to the Meat Institute draft. The executive order was controversial, with labor unions criticizing it as putting the profits of the meat companies ahead of the safety of workers.

Organizational structure
The Meat Institute is governed by elected leaders and staffed by 35 professionals. The Meat Institute elected leaders include five officers plus the president and CEO, as well as a 91-person board of directors and a 20-person executive committee.

The current officers are as follows:
 * 1) Meat Institute president and CEO: Julie Anna Potts
 * 2) Chairman: Eric Gustafson, Coast Packing Company
 * 3) Vice Chairman: James Snee, Hormel Foods Corporation
 * 4) Treasurer: Peter Bozzo, Michael’s Finer Meats & Seafoods
 * 5) Secretary: Randy Huffman, Maple Leaf Foods
 * 6) Immediate Past Chairman: Steve Van Lannen, American Foods Group, LLC

title: North American Meat Institute


text:
Category:Contax cameras

Cameras by Contax.

title: Category:Contax cameras


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/I Don't Know

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE.  Rob e  rt  00:53, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

I Don't Know
nom&vote delete nn. PooterCobb 18:50, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete... Beetle is notable, his song however is not.--Isotope23 19:01, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ambi 03:04, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * merge or keep, well-known song. Kappa 23:53, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Gamaliel 18:06, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wilton G. S. Sankawulo

Wilton Gbakolo Sengbe Sankawulo, Sr. (26 July 1937 – 21 February 2009) was a Liberian politician and author who served as the leader of Liberia from 1 September 1995 until 3 September 1996, as chairman of the Council of State.

Biography
Sankawulo was born in 1937 in Haindi in Lower Bong County. He began his education in kpolopele Lutheran Mission, near Handi, and continued another Lutheran mission school graduating from the Lutheran Institute in 1959. He entered Cuttington College and Divinity School (now Cuttington University) in 1960. He began his literary career thereby publishing his short stories in the Cuttington Review, the college's literary magazine. Upon his graduation in 1963, he was awarded a fellowship to study at Sacred Theology at the Pacific Lutheran Theological Seminary in Berkeley, California. He earned his master's degree in divinity and subsequently attended a writers' workshop at the University of Iowa, which led him to earn a second master's degree in English.

Upon his return to Liberia in the late 1960s, Sankawulo was employed at the Department of Information and Cultural Affairs (now Ministry of Information, Culture, and Tourism), where he served first in the Press Bureau and was later appointed Director of the Overseas Press Bureau. During this time, he maintained a teaching position at the University of Liberia, where he rose to the post of Associate Professor from 1985 until 1990. He also taught English and Literature at his alma mater, Cuttington.

Sankawulo began his fame as a writer in the early 1970s. In 1974, he published The Marriage of Wisdom, and Other Tales, a collection of Liberian stories. He subsequently published Why Nobody Knows When He Will Die. In 1979, he wrote a novel, The Rain and the Night. He also authored Sundown at Dawn: A Liberian Odyssey and produced an anthology of African stories entitled More Modern African African Stories. His novel Birds Are Singing was posthumously published in 2010.

When William R. Tolbert became President in 1971, Sankawulo, while still in the employ of the Ministry of Information, wrote a biography of the new president entitled Tolbert of Liberia. After serving as Research Specialist at the Ministry of Information, Sankawulo was transferred to the Executive Mansion, where he spent almost a year as Assistant Minister of State for Presidential Affairs. He served as Director-General of the Cabinet from 1983 until 1985 and subsequently as Special Assistant for Academic Affairs to President Samuel K. Doe. It was in the latter position, as Doe's teacher, that he helped Doe to complete his academic work, leading to Doe's graduation from the University of Liberia in 1989.

Sankawulo served as the leader of Liberia from 1 September 1995, until 3 September 1996, as chairman of the Council of State, which then governed Liberia. The council functioned as a collective presidency of the Liberia National Transitional Government. His predecessor, from March 1994 to September 1995, was David Kpomakpor. The council of the state consisted of a civilian chair and members Charles Taylor, United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy-K leader Alhaji Kromah, Liberia Peace Council leader George Boley, and two other civilians.

Sankawulo stepped down from office on 3 September 1996, and was succeeded by Ruth Perry as chairwoman of this Council of State, who served until 2 August 1997, when she handed power to Charles Taylor, following elections held in July 1997.

Sankawulo died from congestive heart failure on 21 February 2009. He was 71 years old. He had been hospitalized for three weeks prior to his death at the John F. Kennedy Memorial Hospital in Monrovia.

title: Wilton G. S. Sankawulo


text:
User:Bahnmoeller

I am a user from Hamburg, Germany

Benutzer Bahnmoeller

Projects in exile

 * Elvira Rawson de Dellepiane User:Bahnmoeller/Elvira Rawson de Dellepiane de:Elvira Rawson de Dellepiane
 * Let America Vote User:Bahnmoeller/Let America Vote de:Benutzer:Bahnmoeller/Let America Vote de:Let America Vote
 * de:Benutzer:Bahnmoeller/Archeologisches Museum Stavanger User:Bahnmoeller/Archeologisches Museum Stavanger no:Arkeologisk museum i Stavanger
 * The Dubai Fountain User:Bahnmoeller/Dubai Fountain
 * Busunfall auf Madeira 2019
 * Marilyn Harris (writer) User:Bahnmoeller/Marilyn Harris (Autorin)
 * User:Bahnmoeller/Hittfelder Mühle
 * Marica Branchesi User:Bahnmoeller/Marica Branchesi
 * User:Bahnmoeller/FrauenFreiluftGalerie
 * User:Bahnmoeller/
 * User:Bahnmoeller/
 * fr:Elsa Faucillon User:Bahnmoeller/Elsa Faucillon
 * User:Bahnmoeller/Boleskine House Boleskine House
 * Tholos of Delphi User:Bahnmoeller/Tholos von Delphi de:Tholos von Delphi
 * User:Bahnmoeller/Fransined
 * User:Bahnmoeller/Manon Bernard
 * User:Bahnmoeller/Hillemann
 * User:Bahnmoeller/Hessner

Verschiebereif ?

 * User:Bahnmoeller/Vasos Tsangaris it:Vasos Tsangaris
 * User:Bahnmoeller/Esther Miriam Fieldman Esther Miriam Fieldman
 * User:Bahnmoeller/Frattesina Frattesina

Support

 * Innobello wegen de:Wikipedia:Qualitätssicherung/11._April_2019

Bilder

 * Iittala

Störaccounts
''Genau, 60 Minuten oder auch 3600 Sekunden (von Schaltsekunden mal abgesehen). Von 2019-05-20T19:01:53 bis 2019-05-20T20:01:14 sind 3561 Sekunden vergangen, also weniger als eine Stunde. --Sense Amid Madness, Wit Amidst Folly (Diskussion) 14:45, 21. Mai 2019 (CEST)''

das ist ein vorsätzlicher Störaccount eines Powerinklusionisten, passt voll ins Bild. Aber wessen Alter Ego ist das? Bahnmoeller (talk) 14:10, 21 May 2019 (UTC)

04:38, 27. Mai 2019 de:Lisa Bombe (Versionen) [2.162 Bytes] Stobaios (Diskussion | Beiträge) (Neu) Markierungen: Visuelle Bearbeitung: Gewechselt, PHP7

man kann auch vorsätzlich irrelevante Personen verartikeln...

de:Benutzer:Häuptling Waches Auge - de:Spezial:Beiträge/Häuptling_Waches_Auge ein ganz übler Anheizer aus der Inklusionistenecke. Bahnmoeller (talk) 19:27, 22 June 2019 (UTC)

Fehlentscheidungen

 * de:Thüringenliga (Handball) ist fünfte Liga und damit nicht relevant. Aber es gabe mal eine Oberliga Thüringen, die war 4. Liga, aber eben nicht Vorgänger. Allenfalls zu dieser alten Liga wäre ein Artikel zu rechtfertigen.

Riverdale (Florida)
Florida ist ein Bundesland in Deutschland, in dem es Städte wie Moskau oder Wien gibt. Jedoch gibt es keine einzige Stadt namens „Rivedale“, was dazu führt, dass sie unnötig auf diese Seite gegangen sind und ihre Zeit verschwendet haben. Danke, dass sie dies gelesen haben, das war sehr d*mm von ihnen. Aber wenn sie Netflix haben schauen sie sich Riverdale an. Es ist eine Interessante Serie ab 16 Jahren die auch kleine Kiddies anschauen, die oftmals auch erst 12-13 Jahre alt sind. Riverdale besteht zurzeit (Mai 2019) aus 3 Staffeln mit jeweils ca. 13-19 Folgen, die Zwischen 35 und 50 Minuten dauern. Num zum eigentlichen Thema;) Florida ist in USA und wenn sie geglaubt haben dass es in Deutschland sei, könnte es evtl. sein das sie in die Grundschule sollten und ihren Rest des Lebens dort verbringen, weil sie echt sehr d*mm sind. Moskau ist außerdem in Russland genauso wie Vodka!!!!!!😂 Und Wien ist in Österreich. Da aber die meisten hier in der Schule nicht aufgepasst haben könnt ihr das NICHT WISSEN!!

de:Günkbеrt (UTF8!)
drei Admins - keine Sperre

Ollie mn
Ollie MN, Ollie McKendrickness (*26. Juni 1994 in Birmingham Hertford, England) ist ein britischer Singer-Songwriter, der in Barcelona lebt und auf Vine mit seinen Liedern bekannt geworden ist.

de:Andrea_Henkel
enzyklopädischer Stil in Reinkultur

de:TarantelKaese
Der Minecraft Spieler TarantelKaese oder TarantelKaese 92 ist jemand der sich sehr für alle Arte von Gameing interessiert. Am meisten allerdings mag er das Spiel Hitman.

de:AlΞx JunΞ (UTF8!)]]
AlΞx JunΞ ( aus Hannover, Niedersachsen, bürgerlich Alexandra Kariofillis) ist eine Deutsche Sängerin und Coverin

de:Wie viele seiten hat es der klavier
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss

=== [[:de:

title: User:Bahnmoeller


text:
Index of Morocco-related articles

This is a list of '''topics related to Morocco. You can also visit Moroccan portal.'''

Architecture

 * Moroccan architecture
 * Riad
 * Tadelakt
 * Zellij

Cinematography

 * Ali Zaoua: Prince of the Streets
 * Casablanca (film)
 * Marock
 * Morocco (1930 Movie)
 * List of foreign films shot in Morocco

Festivals

 * Festival of Amazigh Film
 * Gnaoua World Music Festival
 * Tanjazz
 * World Sacred Music Festival

Literature

 * List of Moroccan writers

Painting

 * Chaïbia Talal
 * Mohamed Hamri

Music

 * Andalusian classical music
 * Andalusi nubah
 * Bachir Attar
 * Bendir
 * Berber music
 * Chaabi
 * Gnawa music
 * Guembri
 * Jil Jilala
 * Krakebs
 * Malhun
 * Master Musicians of Jajouka
 * Master Musicians of Jajouka featuring Bachir Attar
 * Master Musicians of Joujouka
 * Morocco in the Eurovision Song Contest
 * Nass El Ghiwane
 * Nass Marrakech
 * Sephardic music

Communications

 * .ma
 * ISOC Morocco
 * Maroc Telecom
 * Méditel
 * Menara, Maroc Telecom
 * Ministry of Communications of Morocco

 * ONPT
 * List of postal codes in Morocco
 * British post offices in Morocco
 * Postal history of Morocco
 * List of fish on stamps of Morocco

Culture

 * Djemaa el Fna
 * Forbes Museum of Tangier
 * Marrakech Museum

Demography

 * Beni Hassan
 * Beni Ouriaghel
 * Berber people
 * Chleuh
 * Sahrawi

Economy

 * Attijariwafa Bank
 * Bank Al-Maghrib
 * BMCE Bank
 * BMCI
 * Banque Commerciale du Maroc
 * Casablanca Stock Exchange

 * List of Moroccan companies
 * MADEX index
 * MASI index
 * Wana
 * Moroccan dirham
 * Moroccan franc

 * US-Morocco Free Trade Agreement
 * Wafa Bank
 * Marjane
 * Tangier Exportation Free Zone
 * Water supply and sanitation in Morocco

Education

 * Al Akhawayn University
 * University of Al Karaouine
 * École Hassania des Travaux Publics
 * ISCAE

 * Ben Youssef Medrassa
 * École Normale Hébraïque
 * Lycée Lyautey (Casablanca)

 * Mohammed V University
 * Mohammed V University at Agdal
 * Mohammed V University at Souissi
 * Rabat American School
 * The American School of Tangier
 * Bibliothèque Générale et Archives
 * Sup De Co Marrakech

Food

 * Argan
 * Charmoula
 * Couscous
 * Harira
 * List of Moroccan dishes

 * Moroccan tea culture
 * Pastilla
 * Ras el hanout
 * Tajine

Geography

 * Atlas Mountains
 * High Atlas
 * Sahara
 * Cape Juby
 * Cape Spartel
 * Chellah

 * Lixus (ancient city)
 * Rif Mountains
 * Tamuda
 * Lake Tiguelmamine
 * Todra Gorge
 * Volubilis
 * Zaër Rommani

History

 * Algeciras Conference
 * Ameziane museum
 * Army of Liberation
 * Battle of Alcazarquivir
 * Battle of Azamor
 * Battle of Marrakech
 * Battle of Tondibi
 * Berber Dahir
 * Goumier
 * Grands Caids
 * Greater Morocco

 * History of republicanism in Morocco
 * First Moroccan Crisis
 * French Morocco
 * Colonial Heads of French Morocco
 * Colonial Heads of Spanish Morocco
 * Green March
 * Ifni War
 * Kingdom of Nekor
 * Moroccan-American Treaty of Friendship
 * Republic of the Rif

 * First Rif War
 * Third Rif War
 * Sand War
 * Second Moroccan Crisis
 * Spanish Morocco
 * Tangier Crisis
 * Tangier Protocol
 * Treaty of Fez
 * History of Western Sahara
 * Years of Lead

Human rights

 * Conseil Consultatif des Droits de l'Homme
 * Gay rights in Morocco
 * Mudawana
 * Al Wifaq
 * Association Marocaine des Droits de l'Homme

 * Royal institute of the Amazigh culture
 * Makhzen
 * Tazmamart
 * Years of Lead

Languages

 * Atlas languages
 * Moroccan Arabic
 * Berber languages
 * Ghomara language
 * Judeo-Berber language

 * Riff languages
 * Senhaja de Srair language
 * Atlas languages
 * Riffian language
 * Shilha language

Media

 * List of newspapers in Morocco
 * 2M TV
 * Assahifa Al Ousbouia
 * Attajdid
 * Le Journal Hebdomadaire

 * Maghreb Arab Press
 * Médi 1
 * Morocco Times
 * Organisme de Justification de la Diffusion
 * Tel Quel magazine
 * Morocco Board News

Military

 * Harry Aubrey de Maclean
 * Black Guard
 * Marche Verte
 * Military of Morocco
 * Moroccan Royal Guard
 * Order of Ouissam Alaouite
 * Royal Moroccan Air Force
 * Sand war

Politics

 * Baker Plan
 * Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs, known as CORCAS
 * Democracy in Morocco
 * Elections in Morocco
 * Moroccan parliamentary election, 2007
 * Foreign relations of Morocco
 * Morocco and the European Union
 * Human rights in Morocco
 * Houston Agreement
 * List of political parties in Morocco
 * List of United States ambassadors to Morocco
 * Makhzen
 * Tazmamart

Monarchy

 * King of Morocco
 * Line of succession to the Moroccan Throne

Legislative branch

 * Parliament of Morocco
 * Assembly of Councillors
 * Assembly of Representatives of Morocco

Executive branch

 * Heads of Government of Morocco
 * Prime Minister of Morocco

Judicial branch

 * Moroccan Dahir

Religion

 * Amir al-Muminin
 * Church of Saint Andrew, Tangier
 * Christianity in Morocco
 * Hassan II Mosque
 * History of the Jews in Morocco
 * Islam in Morocco
 * Koutoubia Mosque
 * Roman Catholicism in Morocco
 * Habous
 * Women Religious Leaders in Morocco.

Science and technology

 * Casablanca Technopark

Society

 * Culture of Morocco
 * Mudawana
 * Royal institute of the Amazigh culture
 * Al Wifaq
 * Association Marocaine des Droits de l'Homme
 * Moroccan nationality law
 * Public holidays in Morocco

Ethnic groups in Morocco

 * Category:Ethnic groups in Morocco
 * Category:Arab tribes in Morocco
 * Category:Berber Moroccans
 * Template:Arab tribes of Morocco
 * Template:Berber tribes of Morocco
 * Berbers
 * Arab-Berbers
 * Maghrebi Arabs
 * Arabized Berber
 * History of the Jews in Morocco
 * Maghrebis

Football

 * Royal Moroccan Football Federation
 * GNF 1
 * GNF 2
 * Moroccan Cup
 * Morocco national football team
 * Moroccan football league system
 * Morocco women's national football team

Formula 1

 * Moroccan Grand Prix

Golf

 * Moroccan Open

Marathons

 * Marathon des sables

Olympics

 * Morocco at the 1972 Summer Olympics
 * Morocco at the 1984 Summer Olympics
 * Morocco at the 1992 Summer Olympics
 * Morocco at the 1996 Summer Olympics
 * Morocco at the 2000 Summer Olympics
 * Morocco at the 2004 Summer Olympics

Rugby

 * Fédération Royale Marocaine De Rugby
 * Morocco national rugby league team

Tennis

 * GP SAR La Princess Lalla Meryem

Kickboxing

 * Ibrahim El Boustati

Territory

 * International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion on Western Sahara
 * Plaza de soberanía
 * Prefectures and provinces of Morocco
 * Rif
 * Southern Provinces
 * United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara
 * Western Sahara

Terrorism

 * 2003 Casablanca bombings
 * 2007 Casablanca bombings
 * Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group
 * Nadim al-Maghrebi

Transport

 * Autoroutes du Maroc
 * Air Atlas Express
 * Al Massira Airport
 * Atlas Blue
 * Borac Laraki

 * Compagie de Transports au Maroc
 * Fulgura
 * Jet4You
 * Laraki
 * Menara International Airport
 * Mohammed V International Airport

 * Moroccan expressways
 * ONCF
 * ONDA
 * Port of Casablanca
 * Royal Air Maroc
 * Saïss Airport

Not classified (so far)

 * 1960 Agadir earthquake
 * American Legation, Tangier
 * Bahia Palace
 * El Badi Palace
 * Flag of Morocco
 * Forbes Museum of Tangier
 * Groupes urbains de sécurité
 * Hymne Chérifien
 * Majorelle Garden
 * Marrakech Museum
 * Mechouar
 * Morocco orange tip
 * Saadian Tombs
 * Morocco (Epcot)
 * List of administrative divisions of Morocco by area
 * List of administrative divisions of Morocco by population
 * List of indoor arenas in Morocco

title: Index of Morocco-related articles


text:
MMSc

MMSc may refer to:

 * Master of Medical Science
 * Multimedia Messaging Service

title: MMSc