text:
Talk:Greenbelt station

Link to WMATA BWI service schedule - encyclopedic?
Is the new link to WMATA's express bus to BWI particularly encyclopedic? I consider timetables as going beyond the bounds of an encyclopedia. I consider the role of these articles as providing factual information about the service, but leaving links to timetables and such to the transit providers themselves.

Anyone else? Schuminweb 04:23, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The bit about buses and Obama is not really helpful, either. 69.137.147.137 (talk) 01:30, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 15:34, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: consensus to move the pages, per the discussion below. Dekimasu よ! 03:40, 23 December 2014 (UTC)

– I really like WP:USSTATION, which was overdue and a good WP:NATURAL alternative to mandated parenthetical disambiguation. I'm proposing moves for one line of the Washington Metro to start with, and I plan to move on to the others if this is successful. As far as I can tell, only Waterfront needs further disambiguation; see, for example, Waterfront Station (Vancouver). --BDD (talk) 16:27, 16 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Greenbelt (WMATA station) → Greenbelt Station
 * College Park–University of Maryland (WMATA station) → College Park–University of Maryland Station
 * Prince George's Plaza (WMATA station) → Prince George's Plaza Station
 * West Hyattsville (WMATA station) → West Hyattsville Station
 * Fort Totten (WMATA station) → Fort Totten Station
 * Georgia Avenue – Petworth (WMATA station) → Georgia Avenue – Petworth Station
 * Columbia Heights (WMATA station) → Columbia Heights Station
 * U Street (WMATA station) → U Street Station
 * Shaw – Howard University (WMATA station) → Shaw – Howard University Station
 * Mount Vernon Square (WMATA station) → Mount Vernon Square Station
 * Gallery Place (WMATA station) → Gallery Place Station
 * Archives (WMATA station) → Archives Station
 * L'Enfant Plaza (WMATA station) → L'Enfant Plaza Station
 * Waterfront (WMATA station) → Waterfront Station (Washington, D.C.)
 * Navy Yard – Ballpark (WMATA station) → Navy Yard – Ballpark Station
 * Anacostia (WMATA station) → Anacostia Station
 * Congress Heights (WMATA station) → Congress Heights Station
 * Southern Avenue (WMATA station) → Southern Avenue Station
 * Naylor Road (WMATA station) → Naylor Road Station
 * Suitland (WMATA station) → Suitland Station
 * Branch Avenue (WMATA station) → Branch Avenue Station
 * Comment - This should include ALL Washington Metro stations, not just a select few. How about "metro station" as the suffix? This would be in line with naming conventions for train station, railway station, railroad station, tube station (in London) and metro stations in other sytems worldwide. This would also result in clarity when Union Station (WMATA station) is renamed Union Station metro station, not the very awkward Union Station station, which is at Union Station (Washington, D.C.) railway station. Secondarywaltz (talk) 19:11, 16 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Re Union Station, by WP:USSTATION a second "station" shouldn't be added if "Station" is already part of the name. And WP:USSTATION already recommends disambiguating by system if there are two stations with the same name in the same city (Union Station (WMATA) would be the way to do it). But I think we should do first things first: if we establish consensus for this, we can move on to others.--Cúchullain t/ c 21:04, 16 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Maybe Union Station (WMATA) should even be merged into Union Station (Washington, D.C.)...but that's a separate discussion for another location. --Scott Alter (talk) 22:10, 16 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Support as at Talk:Adrienne Arsht Center (Metromover station). This is supported by the consensus behind WP:USSTATION, and also better fits essentially all points at the general article title policy, especially WP:COMMONNAME, WP:CONCISE, WP:PRECISE, WP:NATURAL and WP:NATURALDIS.--Cúchullain t/ c 21:04, 16 December 2014 (UTC)

 * I made most of these articles, and fought against the initial rename from "(Washington Metro)" to "(WMATA station)", but that made sense. And try as I might to find issue with this proposal... it does seem to make sense. My only suggestion is that, when these are all done, "Metro Center" does not require the 'station' identifier. Support. --Golbez (talk) 21:27, 16 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Although "Metro Center station" does sound strange, is that not its official name? The lead picture at Metro Center (WMATA station) does show a WMATA sign displaying Metro Center Station. --Scott Alter (talk) 22:10, 16 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Oh. Well then. :P --Golbez (talk) 14:25, 17 December 2014 (UTC)
 * If you go with Metro Center station (or Metro Center Station) please add a hatnote linking to MetroCentre railway station, where Metro Centre station redirects, and update the hatnote there. Thryduulf (talk) 15:46, 17 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Support as per WP:USSTATION. --Scott Alter (talk) 22:10, 16 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Support As shown in https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Washington_Metro_station_entrance_pylons the names of the station use upper case "S". As proper names and official titles, that is the form that should be used. I retract my comments above re:metro station. Secondarywaltz (talk) 17:46, 17 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing this out. I've amended the request accordingly. --BDD (talk) 18:25, 17 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Support per nom and per the fact that "(WMATA station)" is not a particularly clear disambiguator. —  AjaxSmack  04:12, 18 December 2014 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Continuation
Also, I moved a bunch of stations on the Yellow, Red, and Blue Lines as well to conform to this apparent new naming convention. Please comment. Epicgenius (talk) 23:32, 4 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Couldn't move Vienna (WMATA station), Huntington (WMATA station), Crystal City (WMATA station), Medical Center (WMATA station), Union Station (WMATA station), or Silver Spring (WMATA station), FYI. New Carrollton (WMATA station) has a RM. Epicgenius (talk) 23:35, 4 January 2015 (UTC)
 * They shouldn't be moved, and the others shouldn't have been moved in the first place. Did you know there was already a Huntington (LIRR station), Huntington (Amtrak station), Crystal City (VRE station), Medical Center (MARTA station), and Silver Spring Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Station? -User:DanTD (talk) 00:31, 5 January 2015 (UTC)
 * I knew that, so I didn't move the above linked articles. I agree they shouldn't be moved in the first place, but if they don't all have the same naming format, then it is just inconsistent, and the S-rail templates create a whole lot of redirects. Epicgenius (talk) 12:33, 5 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Also see Talk:Shady_Grove_Station for a requested move. Epicgenius (talk) 12:33, 5 January 2015 (UTC)

"Greenbelt"
Greenbelt (WMATA station) is not currently listed at Green belt (disambiguation) -- 67.70.35.44 (talk) 05:21, 18 December 2014 (UTC)
 * It was listed under its previous name, Greenbelt (Washington Metro). I've updated it. --BDD (talk) 20:07, 18 December 2014 (UTC)

Requested move 7 February 2015

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Not moved. After nearly two months, we seem no closer to a clear consensus for any resolution. bd2412 T 00:29, 6 April 2015 (UTC)

– These Washington Metro (WMATA) stations were all moved recently in an attempt to implement the new WP:USSTATION naming conventions, but due to an editor noticing "Station" on signs he derailed the process to treat that as part of the official names, which it is not. The convention says to use lowercase station when it is used but is not part of the official station name. Neither the official station list nor the individual pages about the stations ever use "Station" as part of their names; and most guides that add "station" use lower case (e.g. these for L'Enfant station). For background, see the move review at Move review/Log/2014 December, in which the consensus from the previous closer and others seems to be to have a new discussion to fix this. The last 5 entries above each correspond to other multiple-RM discussions that were closed citing Greenbelt as precedent, so by extension this discussion will apply to a bunch more WMATA stations moved in those. Dicklyon (talk) 17:11, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Greenbelt Station → Greenbelt station
 * College Park–University of Maryland Station → College Park–University of Maryland station
 * Prince George's Plaza Station → Prince George's Plaza station
 * West Hyattsville Station → West Hyattsville station
 * Fort Totten Station → Fort Totten station
 * Georgia Avenue–Petworth Station → Georgia Avenue–Petworth station
 * Columbia Heights Station → Columbia Heights station
 * U Street Station → U Street station
 * Shaw–Howard University Station → Shaw–Howard University station
 * Mount Vernon Square Station → Mount Vernon Square station
 * Gallery Place Station → Gallery Place station
 * Archives Station → Archives station
 * L'Enfant Plaza Station → L'Enfant Plaza station
 * Waterfront Station (Washington, D.C.) → Waterfront station (Washington, D.C.)
 * Navy Yard–Ballpark Station → Navy Yard–Ballpark station
 * Anacostia Station → Anacostia station
 * Congress Heights Station → Congress Heights station
 * Southern Avenue Station → Southern Avenue station
 * Naylor Road Station → Naylor Road station
 * Suitland Station → Suitland station
 * Branch Avenue Station → Branch Avenue station
 * Pentagon Station → Pentagon station
 * Vienna Station (Virginia) → Vienna station (Virginia)
 * Route 772 Station → Route 772 station
 * Franconia–Springfield Station → Franconia–Springfield station
 * Shady Grove Station → Shady Grove station
 * Comment I don't necessarily disagree, but what a waste of time! Productivity could be better used in improving the articles rather than juggling names again. Oh! You really have to list all the WMATA stations here, since the last time was a disjointed mess and some will require specific disambiguation. Secondarywaltz (talk) 17:32, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I think the disambiguation matters have been worked out. --BDD (talk) 17:55, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * The disambiguation has been worked out. The current question is simply whether or not to capitalize station. And yes, all of the WMATA stations should be part of this RM. There is no need to have 6 parallel discussions again. --Scott Alter (talk) 20:10, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Weak oppose These are proper names, and they do have official usage (at least on pylons), even if that's less common. Lowercase looks a bit odd, like we're resorting to descriptive titles, which would be unnecessary. But as I've said before, we've already done the most important work by moving away from the old, contrived approach of forced disambiguation. If a bunch of editors agree with me, cool, but otherwise, I don't want the closer giving this comment too much weight. --BDD (talk) 17:55, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment: It seems to me that the names may be descriptive names, meaning e.g. "the station at Greenbelt"--that the stations aren't unique entities themselves but instead pieces of the overall rail system and of the places they serve (see proper name). Jason McHuff (talk) 06:18, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Weak oppose Per BDD. Eric - Contact me please. I prefer conversations started on my talk page if the subject is changed 20:25, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support While it is a waste of time on these individual articles, this RM is setting a precedent for all of the US station articles, as well as shaping the WP:USSTATION guidelines. We should get it right this time to establish the actual naming convention. If "Station" is part of the official name, then "Station" should be capitalized. Otherwise, "station" should be lowercase. Other than some pylons containing "Station," there is no other evidence that "Station" is part of the proper name for WMATA stations. (Ex. for New Carrollton Station, see pictures of different pylons here and here, with evidence for other stations in commons:Category:Washington Metro stations. The pylons outside of the stations seem to always have "Station," while the pylons inside of the stations do not have the word.) Therefore, "station" should be lowercase for these articles. --Scott Alter (talk) 21:45, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I don't think the Washington Metro moves necessarily need to set a capitalization precedent. Consistency across all station articles may be desirable, but consistency within each system is probably more important. --BDD (talk) 23:51, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * But you invoked these closes to upper case station explicitly as precedents in your others RMs such as at Talk:Pentagon_Station; and you did that even though you originally (correctly) proposed to follow USSTATION and use lowercase. The fact that you let yourself be moved away from the correct result shouldn't have such huge negative repercussions, but it does.  So we should try to recover.  I don't see why you oppose that.  The agreed convention is about whether station is part of the official name, not about whether it appears on pylons.  The assertion that Station is part of the proper name is vacuous.  Dicklyon (talk) 01:43, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Procedural oppose. The move review you mentioned hasn't even been closed yet. -- Calidum  22:19, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Indeed, I waited what seemed like forever, but it seems it will never be closed. And the pile of multi-RMs that should have depended on its outcome all went ahead without it.  Shall I just cancel the review request?  Dicklyon (talk) 22:52, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I don't think anyone could reasonably call that disruptive, given that we have a new discussion going that's more to the point. Go for it. --BDD (talk) 23:51, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and closed that one as withdrawn; I'd be just as happy if an admin wants to close it some other way, but leaving it open was beyond pointless. Dicklyon (talk) 01:38, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Comment: Should the articles be at e.g. "Greenbelt station" and not something like "Greenbelt Metro station" or "Greenbelt Metrorail station" to better describe the subject and differentiate from stations on other systems? "X station" is kind of ambiguous. See Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (US stations). Jason McHuff (talk) 06:18, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * This is a new idea that should be pursued at WP:USSTATION if you care. That is, the present RM discussion is just about correctly implementing the recent consensus on a new USSSTATION naming convention; if you want to overturn or modify that new convention, this is not the place.  Dicklyon (talk) 06:31, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Understood. I realize it's only on the discussion page there. Jason McHuff (talk) 22:53, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * "Station" is preferable unless further clarification is needed. Some of the Washington Metro stations serve other rail lines as well, such as MARC and VRE. (Maybe only those two.) And almost all of them have bus service as well. --BDD (talk) 17:18, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * True, and Amtrak also stops at some of them too. I know the Amtrak-vs.-commuter rail line issue has come up regarding shared stations, and I'm guessing e.g "New Carrollton Amtrak/MARC/Metro station" isn't desirable. As for buses, I don't think the bus portions of the stations are that notable and are generally a secondary function of them, being built because of the station. Jason McHuff (talk) 22:53, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * "X station" is for the most part not that ambiguous. There are many more stations with unique names than there are with ambiguous names. But if there are two or more stations with the same name, that is when disambiguation is required as per USSTATION. There is no need to add the system for disambiguation when there is little ambiguity in the first place. --Scott Alter (talk) 20:10, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Article title-wise maybe not, but it seems that local station names are ambiguous to readers in what (could it be a police station or a postal station?} and where in the world they refer to. "Greenbelt station" on it's own isn't clear, but "Greenbelt Metro(rail) station" clearly refers to a) a place on the Metro system, and b) a place in the DC area.  And that "Greenbelt station" is a informal name--that when people refer to it without rail system context, they would use "Greenbelt Metro(rail) station". Jason McHuff (talk) 22:53, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Support—Wikiproject Railways insists on downcasing "station". WP has a huge number of article titles thus downcased. End of story. Tony   (talk)  08:50, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose Weak Oppose per BDD, if "Station" is part of the name, Wikipedia should mirror that. Scott Alter's links are slightly confusing - one of his pictures includes a pylon where "Station" is clearly capitalized, so "New Carrolton Station" would indeed appear accurate (regardless of if "Station" is missing on another pylon - what would be good counter-evidence is a lower-cased "station" somewhere). SnowFire (talk) 22:57, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Nobody disagrees that if Station is part of the name we capitalize it. The question here is whether finding "Station" on a pylon means it's part of the name, when official station name lists do not include it, and typical books such as guide books don't treat it as such either.  Nobody would put lowercase station on a sign, since signs are typically done in title case, but they do routinely put it in books (see for example "Greenbelt station" in books.  Dicklyon (talk) 23:03, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Fair enough that usage might be different elsewhere, but... a brief check of the web seems inconclusive here.  The WMATA website uses capitalized "Station" in running text in a news article, while this WaPo story uses "Station" capitalized in a picture caption, but lowercases it in the article.  I'll downgrade to a Weak Oppose, but I'm not seeing a strong case for either side. SnowFire (talk) 00:04, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * All of the usages in the Post story seem to be preceded with "the", which seems to say that the station is a thing and not a place. That "station" is being used as a noun (as in "Which station? The Greenbelt station.") and not part of the proper name. Jason McHuff (talk) 08:57, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * As I said above, it isn't all. The Post story also has "Metro track walkers exit the tunnel at L'Enfant Plaza Metro Station the day after an incident where a Yellow Line train filled with smoke, leading to the death of one woman."  This appears to refer to it as a place with "Station" (although also "Metro").  The linked WMATA article also uses "Station." SnowFire (talk) 18:01, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Which further supports the idea that "L'Enfant Plaza Station" is not the official name. As with many things, there are some sources that over-capitalize and make up names; let's don't be like that. Dicklyon (talk) 20:41, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * My point above was that not all of the pylons include the word station. "Station" was not forgotten, but it was intentionally not included. (There are lots of more examples of images in the Commons categories.) Therefore, it is unlikely that station is part of the official name. Thus, "station" should be in lowercase as it is not part of the official name. As per Dicklyon's previous comments, it is extremely unlikely that "station" in lowercase would be printed on a sign, even if it were not part of the official station name. --Scott Alter (talk) 03:17, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
 * From what I've seen of the pictures, signs and pylons inside the stations do not say "station"; people already know it's a station when they arrive by train or are inside. But outside pylons say "Station" because it's more important to let people know there's a station here than to say what its name is.  Dicklyon (talk) 04:14, 13 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Support as nom – I'm not a great fan of the new WP:USSTATION convention, as it tends to remove precision and leave titles more ambiguous, but if we are going to implement it we should pay attention to what it says about capitalizing Station only when it is part of the official station name. Guidebooks and official lists strongly support the idea that for all of these, station is not part of the official names (or if it is on some, nobody has found evidence to support that).  The weak oppositions should not stop us from doing the work to get this right.  The appearance of title-case signs and pylons is a complete red herring in trying to determine official station names.  Dicklyon (talk) 04:59, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * What do you think of the idea proposed on the talk page there, of having articles at "X system station"? As I noted, it seems that "Greenbelt Metro(rail) station" addresses those issues and is what one would use without rail system context, and is therefore the "common name".  The downside is what to do for shared stations if we don't want e.g. "New Carrollton Amtrak/MARC/Metro station". Jason McHuff (talk) 08:57, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I'd prefer that be taken up at WP:USSTATION, and keep the present discussion about the case issue on these stations, per USSTATION as recently converged. Dicklyon (talk) 20:39, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Oh, I agree. That is where the naming convention should have been debated before stomping over all thse WMATA articles in bunches - then doing it again, and again in bits and pieces. First target should be Amtrak! Secondarywaltz (talk) 21:11, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * It was indeed done there before these were moved, and the RM to move them proposed lowercase, but then things went off the rails and here we are still trying to fix it. Dicklyon (talk) 21:19, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * The naming convention has been extensively debated for many years, and the consensus that was achieved is the current WP:USSTATION. See WT:USSTATION and links from there to the 20+ discussions for the full previous "debate." --Scott Alter (talk) 03:17, 13 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Map shows exactly one station with Station as part of its name:  Union Station.  Who are we to add it to others?  Dicklyon (talk) 04:24, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Strong Oppose -- In fact, I can only support reverting to the previous naming convention of X (WMATA station), and this includes those that are shared by Amtrak, MARC, and Virginia Railway Express. ---User:DanTD (talk)  03:13, 17 February 2015 (UTC)
 * This discussion is only about the case issue. If you want to reopen the discussion about what WP:USSTATION should say, please take it there.  I might agree.  Dicklyon (talk) 06:55, 18 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Oppose. There's no reason to move this per WP:NOTBROKEN. The page title is fine as it is. Many other articles about railway stations, like MTR, use uppercase "Station". Epic Genius (talk) 17:25, 20 February 2015 (UTC)
 * That's not what was decided at WP:USSTATION. Dicklyon (talk) 05:09, 22 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Well, not many people care about the capitalization anyway. We should think about the hundreds or thousands of readers, not a consensus of a dozen editors. Epic Genius (talk) 22:50, 22 February 2015 (UTC)
 * True, not that many people care. But if you don't, why inject noise among those who do?  Dicklyon (talk) 23:37, 22 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Let's get some more opinions on this matter before deciding. Maybe other editors will care, but I'm guessing that the vast majority of people will not blink an eye over the capitalization of something that can be considered as part of the name. Epic Genius (talk) 03:19, 23 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Agreed. It is certain that the vast majority of editors will not care enough about the capitalization of "station" to comment here.  But then one who doesn't care will show to say so.  Always happens, doesn't it?  Dicklyon (talk) 04:11, 23 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Oppose, also per WP:NOTBROKEN. As far as WP:USSTATION goes, see WP:OTHERSTUFF.  Seriously.  A small number of people interested in  minutia such as whether the S in station should be capitalized are the last ones who should be making such decisions.  --В²C ☎ 21:21, 5 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Who should decide, if not those who care? What is the basis of your opposition if you don't care?  Dicklyon (talk) 00:24, 6 March 2015 (UTC)
 * As you well know, I care about title stability. Moves involving capitalization changes between two titles both meeting title policy equally are pointless and contrary to title stability.  These proposals are disruptive.  --В²C ☎ 17:35, 6 March 2015 (UTC)
 * If you actually care about article title stability, then this should be an important RM to you. The titles of these articles are currently not stable, hence the discussion. This is also setting precedent for the station naming guidelines, which in turn provide stability of other station article titles. --Scott Alter (talk) 21:09, 6 March 2015 (UTC)
 * They're not stable because people won't apply existing title policy in this area, including WP:TITLECHANGES (don't change titles there is a good reason). Change "Station" to "station" to comply with a new convention with dubious authority is not a good reason.

 * Oppose as proposed. If capitalize "Station" is not part of the proper name (I am neutral on this), then these are descriptive titles, and as descriptive titles, station is ambiguous.  The titles should be made precise, as in Greenbelt railway station.  --SmokeyJoe (talk) 06:14, 6 March 2015 (UTC)
 * I would be OK with that, too, but this RM is just about getting the case to agree with what was decided in the recent big powwow for a new WP:USSTATION convention. Dicklyon (talk) 06:24, 6 March 2015 (UTC)
 * It's a stupid and totally unnecessary convention, and contradicts policy. Adding the word "station" to the title even when it's not part of the station's common name?  Ridiculous. That decision being so recent and involving so few editors means it should be taken with a grain of salt.   --В²C ☎ 17:37, 6 March 2015 (UTC)
 * "Stupid" and "ridiculous"... Starting up again? Omnedon (talk) 18:09, 6 March 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm surprised, B2C. I thought you'd appreciate WP:NATURAL disambiguation over mandated parentheticals. --BDD (talk) 19:36, 6 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Sure, if disambiguation is necessary. My objection is to the unqualified adding of "station" even when it's not part of the station's common name, even when there is no ambiguity.  --В²C ☎ 00:20, 7 March 2015 (UTC)
 * So what should this article be titled? Greenbelt is the name of the station and Greenbelt is ambiguous. If you could call this article anything you wanted, what would it be? Most of the articles listed above in this RM are ambiguous if the word "station" were removed. Thus the guideline WP:USSTATION was created to provide conformity, precision, and natural disambiguation in the frequently required disambiguation. --Scott Alter (talk) 05:45, 7 March 2015 (UTC)
 * The current title is fine, and supported by usage in reliable sources like the Washington Post. While Greenbelt alone is probably more commonly used, as you say that is ambiguous.  This is a quintessential case of natural disambiguation. WP:USSTATION is misguided.  Usage in reliable sources trumps anything a guideline like that says (and the guideline should be changed).   --В²C ☎ 16:02, 9 March 2015 (UTC)

 * Support—aside from all else, Wikiproject Railways has always downcased, so there are an awful lot of article titles thus. Why change now? Tony   (talk)  13:09, 7 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Support. I see an awful lot of WP:IDONTLIKEIT opposes above, but when it comes down to it, as Tony1 says, the proposed case matches longstanding convention for railway stations. See Banbury railway station, and London Waterloo station for example. The word "Station" is not part of the title, it is a descriptive noun. We could go to "Greenbelt (station)" I suppose, but the proposed title seems better per WP:NATURAL. — Amakuru (talk) 15:40, 9 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes,, we should follow WP:NATURAL. But the current title, Greenbelt Station, reflects WP:NATURAL as it has support in reliable source usage ; the proposed title, Greenbelt station, does not.  --В²C ☎ 16:05, 9 March 2015 (UTC)
 * actually it does have usage in reliable sources:  — Amakuru (talk) 16:59, 9 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Well, then, they're both acceptable natural disambiguations. Here are some more for Greenbelt Station.  .  I see nothing here that meets the WP:TITLECHANGES hurdle; no good reason to change from uppercase S to lowercase S.  --В²C ☎ 18:45, 9 March 2015 (UTC)
 * If you look at the history, you'll see that we're just trying to correct a stupid procedural mistake in an RM that was initiated as a first attempt to implement the new WP:USSTATION consensus guideline, but got derailed to the wrong case half way through. Fixing that bad precedent may not be among the typical reasons listed at WP:TITLECHANGES, but really ought to be fixed before it spreads.  Please take a look.  Dicklyon (talk) 05:51, 10 March 2015 (UTC)
 * LOL. What a cluster.  Okay, I understand your objection, especially given your predilection for lower case in titles.  It's a legitimate reason to open the RM, I suppose.  But it still amounts to deciding between titles that differ only in the case of letter - both of which have support in reliable source usage.  So I think TITLECHANGES still indicates no change.  If many of those that supported the original RM from parenthetic to natural disambiguation all indicated that they would not have supported that RM had the proposed move been to uppercase Station when they !voted, that would be different.  But I see no evidence of such, not even from you.  --В²C ☎ 16:46, 10 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Support since this will bring the titles into agreement with the intent of the new WP:USSTATION agreement. 66.235.50.168 (talk) 05:58, 16 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The WP:USSTATION guideline was written to take account of local differences: in some places, "Xxx Station" may prevail, while in others, "Xxx station" is used. In the previous RM, it was pointed out that in Washington, caps appear to be preferred, and we've seen nothing that seriously challenges that. This Google Books search suggests both are used and it seems to be a matter of publisher preference. This official list generally doesn't use "Station" in the names, but capitalizes it in "Union Station".--Cúchullain t/ c 13:21, 16 March 2015 (UTC)
 * I don't think your argument supports your stance. The previous RM just noted that the usage of station on signs was capitalized - not that it was the preferred usage for the entire system. There was no consensus and nothing seriously pointing out that "Xxx Station" is common local usage or the preferred usage, which is why this RM exists. You first Google search revealing that whether or not to capitalize is publisher preference suggests the official name likely does not include the word "Station." And regarding the official list, the reason "station" is included in "Union Station" is because station is part of the name in that one case, but is explicitly not mentioned in any of the others. "Union Station" is a proper name because the station is named for the railroad company (which is explicitly mentioned in WP:USSTATION for when to capitalize). The other stations are named based on their location/nearby landmarks, and do not include the word station. --Scott Alter (talk) 14:33, 16 March 2015 (UTC)
 * The evidence I mention is from the proposal. The fact is, use on the stations themselves and in other official sources seems to prefer "Station", and third-party sources do not consistently de-capitalize. The previous RM did cover the capitalization issue; in fact it was originally a move to "Xxx station" but was updated when the signs on the actual stations were pointed out.--Cúchullain t/ c 14:44, 16 March 2015 (UTC)

 * Support this case adjustment per WP:USSTATION, or revert the previous moves of these articles the capitalized Station against the recent agreement. Editors above are not consistent in which would be preferable, but they mostly (except a few inexplicable "not broken" claims) agree that these titles either conflict with the recent naming guideline that they are trying to implement, or that they are not good names because that guideline was a bad idea.  So we should either do this case correction in support of the guideline, or undo these recent controversial moves and go back to discussing what the guideline should be.  Or both fix the case and then discuss the guideline.  Simply doing nothing at this time will propagate confusion and uncertainty.  73.222.28.191 (talk) 20:49, 5 April 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Thanks for closing this finally. Those who want to work on resolving the issues it brought up should join the discussions at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (US stations), where we can decide either to amend the recent WP:USSTATION convention or implement it one way or another. Dicklyon (talk) 02:57, 6 April 2015 (UTC)
 * The close is disappointing. Good luck dealing with the mess that WP:USSTATION inadvertantly led to.  73.222.28.191 (talk) 04:07, 6 April 2015 (UTC)
 * It's been cleaned up (mostly). Epic Genius (talk) 00:34, 7 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Not really; you just took it back to the state caused by the original botched RM. See Move_review/Log/2014_December.  Progress has been averted; good job.  Dicklyon (talk) 00:36, 7 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Not really, I like to think of myself as a "preserver of status-quo whenever no consensus is present". ;-) Epic Genius (talk) 03:48, 7 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Even when there's a consensus that the status quo is very broken? Good for you.  Dicklyon (talk) 04:02, 7 April 2015 (UTC)
 * It is not broken by any means. Epic Genius (talk) 12:05, 7 April 2015 (UTC)

Request to revert moves
Because the above RM closed as "no consensus", can an admin please clean up the edits and move the articles from "XXX station" to "XXX Station"? Epic Genius (talk) 15:35, 6 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Exactly the opposite is under discussion at WP:MR.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  14:21, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Greenbelt station


text:
Talk:Lordosis

information needed for what is anatomical and what is a pathological condition
Terms needs to be clarified. Loss of lumbar lordosis is a term that needs to be added. --Abhijeet Safai (talk) 05:18, 28 September 2013 (UTC)

 * I edited it today to try to improve this. -Gnuish (talk) 22:18, 9 December 2016 (UTC)

hyperlordosis is not the same as sway-back
A sway-back posture is characterised by the posterior displacement of the rib cage in comparison to the pelvis. It looks like the person has a hyperextension of the natural lordosis, however it is not necessarily the case. Most sway-back exhibit a posteriorly tilted pelvis and their lumbar is usually flat (too flexed) and not hyper lordotic (too extended). The point is, these are too different things. For references see "Muscles, testing and function, 4th edition, by Florence Peterson Kendall. ed. John Butler) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.50.243.52 (talk) 07:55, 18 July 2015 (UTC)
 * OK; deleted sway-back in the list of synonyms. Klbrain (talk) 08:34, 18 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Looking at this further, I've also removed the redirect from swayback and commenced a new page there discussing this condition. Klbrain (talk) 08:53, 18 June 2016 (UTC)

Are we human, or are we dancer ?
Why are the paragraphs about hyperlordoses using 'Dancer' instead of 'Patient' or 'Individual' ? Seems like a literal copy from some book about sport-injuries. This is generally a confusing writing style, and possible copyright violation. Can somebody rework this. --79.225.125.105 (talk) 13:58, 22 July 2016 (UTC)
 * I completely agree. --Gnuish (talk) 22:26, 9 December 2016 (UTC)
 * I also agree, additionally it's repeated throughout the article, specifying poor dance floor as being the culprit for the condition. Azotochtli (talk) 14:31, 16 October 2017 (UTC)

Yeah, that caught me up too, as if the primary demographic for these conditions is the dancer. Probably the typical patient is rather the Western office worker. Eyleron (talk) 18:30, 30 December 2017 (UTC)

Lordosis and Hyperlordosis might need to be separate articles?

 * the article seems to have information that could go in to two article...IMO--Ozzie10aaaa (talk) 11:52, 27 September 2016 (UTC)
 * ?--Ozzie10aaaa (talk) 12:01, 27 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I tried to improve this today. --Gnuish (talk) 22:26, 9 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Keep united. An introduction to lordosis is useful in explaining hyperlordosis, and the physiology of lordosis is better udnerstood in relation to hyperlordosis. I don't think we should split them. Mikael Häggström (talk) 12:27, 2 May 2017 (UTC)

Hypolordosis
Why is this all about hyperlordosis? The back isn't always excessively curved. It can be normally curved, or insufficiently curved. Where's the advice to increase one's curve? Correctrix (talk) 05:57, 12 October 2017 (UTC)

Kyphosis Description Contradictory
the wikipedia page on "Lordosis” the first paragraph describes "kyphosis" as: “The normal outward (convex) curvature in the thoracic and sacral regions”. yet the the hyperlink in that paragraph to “kyphosis”, the first sentence describes "kyphosis": “is an abnormally excessive convex curvature of the spine as it occurs in the thoracic and sacral regions”. these descriptions of "kyphosis" are directly contradictory and cannot coexist. Waywardtom (talk) 19:35, 4 September 2018 (UTC)

 * They aren't exactly contradictory. The words lordosis and kyphosis sometimes simply refer to directions of curvature (e.g. "Maintaining normal lordosis is important for healthy posture"), while other times the same words are used to indicate problems (e.g. "You have lordosis, something needs to be done about it"). I do agree that this inconsistency is a problem; it's legitimately confusing because the context is often not very helpful. I don't know a good way to fix the problem, other than interrupting with "Wait! What do you mean?" any time someone uses these words. I could easily decree a change of vocabulary myself, but unless every teacher and every text in every field suddenly agreed with me (including doctors, trainers in multiple unrelated sports, physiotherapists, dance instructors, veterinarians, and horse trainers), I'd just be making the confusion worse. TooManyFingers (talk) 16:02, 1 September 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Lordosis


text: Category:Science and technology in North Korea


text:
Berenguer Ramon I, Count of Barcelona

Berenguer Ramon I [Berengar Raymond I] (1005 – 26 May 1035), called the Crooked or the Hunchback (in Latin curvus; in Catalan el Corbat; in Spanish el Corvado or el Curvo), was the count of Barcelona, Girona, and Ausona from 1018 to his death.

Life
He was the son of Ramon Borrell, Count of Barcelona, Girona, and Ausona and his wife Ermesinde of Carcassonne. He accepted the suzerainty of Sancho the Great of Navarre.

Berenguer Ramon as a historical figure is enigmatic, shrouded in incomprehensible contradictions and ambiguities. First, he was a man of peace, and peace ruled throughout his reign. He pacified his neighbours as well, bringing to heel the count of Urgell, Ermengol II. He reestablished amicable relations with Count Hugh I of Empúries, and maintained them with Counts William I of Besalú and Wilfred II of Cerdanya. He was a son of the church who maintained relations with the papacy and went on a pilgrimage to Rome in 1032. On many occasions he travelled to Zaragoza and Navarre to discuss with Sancho III the Great, King of Navarre their mutual stance against the counts of Toulouse. His confidantes and councillors were the Abbot Oliva, the judge Ponç Bofill, Gombau de Besora, and Pere de Carcassona and Deudado of Barcelona. In 1025, he decreed that the proprietors of entails (men holding land in fee tail) were free from taxation.

On the other hand, the government of Berenguer Ramon I marks the beginning of the decline of the comital power. At the death of his father in 1018, Berenguer Ramon was a minor and his mother Ermesinde served as regent until 1023. But even when he attained his majority, his mother would not relinquish her power and ruled with him. According to some chroniclers, Berenguer's character left some things to be desired. He is described as weak and indecisive. Moreover, his policy of peace with the Moors was a bone of contention with the noblesse, who saw war with the Muslims as a way of obtaining glory, wealth, and possibly even salvation. This led some nobles to act independently of the count's wishes. Ermesinde, on the other hand, was energetic and decisive, intent on imposing the authority of Barcelona on the baronage. But, as a woman, her capability to exercise control of the military was greatly impeded and organizing a raid or expedition to satisfy the wants of the aristocracy was virtually impossible.

The weakening of comital authority became evident shortly before his death in 1035, when Ermesinde successfully partitioned his patrimony among his sons. Berenguer Ramon died on 26 May 1035 and was buried in Santa Maria de Ripoll.

Marriages and children
In 1021, Berenguer married the king of Navarre's sister-in-law, Sancha Sánchez, daughter of Sancho Garcés, Count of Castile. By her he had two sons:
 * Ramon Berenguer (born 1023), who received the county of Girona (with his mother) and the county of Barcelona as far as the river Llobregat.
 * Sanç (Sancho) Berenguer (birth date unknown), who received the frontier march from the Llobregat to the al-Andalus, which constituted the new county of Penedès with its capital in Olèrdola. Sometime between 1041 and 1049, Sanç swore fealty to his elder brother. Then, on 9 June 1050, he ceded his inheritance to Ramon, who in return granted him some lands and men as a fief. Sanç then entered the church, first as a monk at Saint-Pons-de-Thomières and then as the prior of Sant Benet de Bages, before it became an abbey.

In 1027, Berenguer married as his second wife Guisla de Lluçà, with whom he had two more sons;
 * Guillem (William) Berenguer (born 1028), who received the county of Osona (comitatum Ausonensem), with his mother, and the county of Manresa. He renounced his county on 4 December 1054, allowing his brother Ramon to restore their patrimony.
 * Bernat [Bernard] Berenguer (born 1029)

Two daughters have also been speculatively assigned to this couple: Clemencia, who married Ermengol III of Urgell, and the wife, name unknown, of Henry of Burgundy.

title: Berenguer Ramon I, Count of Barcelona


text: User talk:222.153.225.96

title: User talk:222.153.225.96


text:
Dachshund racing

Dachshund racing, or wiener dog racing, is a popular but controversial sporting event, primarily found in North America. Typical dachshund races are either 25 or in length, and are run on various surfaces. Many race tracks across America host these events as fundraising or publicity events, and routinely draw the venues' largest attendance numbers of the year.

In the less formal events, most entrants are not career racers, nor bred for racing. Often, dogs will choose not to run the length of the course and instead visit with other dogs or the owner that released them. Otherwise, dogs will run swiftly to their owner at the finish line, coaxed by food or toys.

The de facto national championship of wiener dog racing is the Wienerschnitzel Wiener Nationals, held in San Diego, California, every December as part of the Holiday Bowl; however, many other events claim national championship status.

History
Dachshund racing was first held in Australia in the 1970s. The early meets featured Whippet, Afghan Hound, and Dachshund racing, purely for fun. The UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine in California holds an annual Doxie Derby as part of the university's Picnic Day event. For over 30 years the races have been a fundraiser for veterinary students. Germantown, Tennessee, a suburb of Memphis, also hosts its own 'Running of the Wienies' for charity. Oktoberfest Zinzinnati includes a Running of the Wieners, with the dogs racing in hotdog costumes. The sport rose in popularity in North America after a 1993 Miller Lite television commercial that listed odd sports, and continued to grow after the release of Wiener Takes All, a documentary film that chronicles two years of the Wiener Nationals circuit. In 2009, the Wiener Dog Nationals in Fort Wayne, Indiana, held its 16th annual Dachshund race. Zeus, the Germanfest champ from 2006 to 2009, is generally recognized as the greatest racing dachshund of all time.

In 2016, the town of Bungendore in New South Wales, Australia held the inaugural Werriwa Wiener Dash to raise funds for Dachshund Rescue Australia. On 29 January 2017, the second Werriwa Wiener Dash was held which set the record for the most number of dachshunds in one place outside of a dog show with 154 dachshunds in attendance.

The sport was introduced to Canada in 2018 with the launch of an annual race at Fort Erie Race Track, which proved a major success for the track.

Criticism
While some compare the sport to English and later American Greyhound racing, others see it as cruel and risky. The Dachshund Club of America opposes dachshund races, because the breed has a genetic predisposition to back injuries.

title: Dachshund racing


text:
Frosty Treats, Inc. v. Sony Computer Entertainment America, Inc.

Frosty Treats, Inc. v. Sony Computer Entertainment America, Inc., 426 F.3d 1001 (8th Cir. 2005), is a trademark case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit held that the name of one of the largest ice cream truck franchise companies in the United States was neither distinctive nor famous enough to receive protection against being used in a violent video game.

Background
Frosty Treats, Inc. is the name of "one of the largest ice cream truck street vendors" in the United States. Their trucks uniformly feature a "Frosty Treats" logo, typically surrounded by the logos of various frozen snacks sold by the vender. Another feature of the trucks is the "Safety Clown", an image of a clown pointing children towards the back of the vehicle. In the mid 1990s, Sony released Twisted Metal 2, a video game that allows players to wreak havoc on simulated streets with a variety of vehicles - including an ice cream truck prominently featuring a logo that says "Frosty Treats". The video game ice cream truck is driven by a crazed clown known as Sweet Tooth, one of many featured in the game.

Lawsuit
Frosty Treats, Inc. filed a lawsuit against Sony contending that the game infringed on the company's trademarks through the use of the phrase, "Frosty Treats", as well as similarities between the video game clown and the company's own safety clown. The U.S. District Court for the Western District of Missouri granted summary judgment to Sony and dismissed the case, holding that the name could not be protected because it was generic. U.S. District Judge Scott Wright stated in his May 19, 2005 dismissal that "the various depictions of the Sweet Tooth character in defendant's Twisted Metal games and plaintiff's Safety Clown are so dissimilar that no reasonable trier of fact could conclude that they are confusingly similar." Additionally, the court noted that the safety clown could not be protected because it was functional; it directed children to cross behind the van rather than in front of it. Frosty Treats appealed the dismissal to the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals on June 15, 2005.

Opinion of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals
The Eighth Circuit affirmed the dismissal, holding that the name was indeed generic. Judge Morris S. Arnold wrote that, although the Eighth Circuit rejected the finding that the safety clown was functional, they held that it nonetheless lacked distinctiveness in the marketplace such that it would merit protection. Furthermore, the Court noted such striking dissimilarities between the company's clown and the game clown that no consumer would be likely to confuse the two.


text: User talk:69.37.98.77

title: User talk:69.37.98.77


text:
Humboldt High School (Kansas)

Humboldt High School is a high school (grades 9-12) in Humboldt, Kansas, United States, and operated by Humboldt USD 258 school district. As of the 2014–2015 school year, Humboldt High School has an enrollment of 182 students and has a student-teacher ratio of 91:9.

Academics
Humboldt High School operates on an 7:55 am to 3:25 pm schedule, which includes eight periods. Classes follow traditional scheduling. Although there are eight available periods, students may only take a maximum of seven classes. Students attend the same classes Monday through Friday.

Extracurricular activities
The extracurricular activities offered at Humboldt High School are small and fairly limited due to the school's small size. The Cubs are classified as a 3A school. Throughout its history, Humboldt has won two state championships.

Athletics
The Humboldt Cubs compete in the Tri-Valley League. Humboldt High School offers several sports including football, basketball, baseball, track, volleyball, cross-country, cheerleading, and many more. Due to the small school population, many students are multi-sport athletes.

Basketball
The Cubs boys' basketball team won the state championship in 1969 under Coach Don Walburn.

Football
The Cubs football team was named Tri-Valley League Champions in 2006 and 2007. Humboldt won the Tri-Valley League championship in football in 1968 as well and went undefeated.

Boys' Golf
The boys' golf team won the 2002 state championship at Turkey Creek Golf Course in Burrton, Kansas.

Scholar's Bowl
The Cubs Scholar's Bowl team won four straight TVL titles from 1998 to 2001, and was the State runner-up in 2001, losing the lead on the last question of the championship round.

Journalism
Humboldt High School's Journalism Department has won 30 Kansas Scholastic Press Association regional journalism championships and 14 state championships (1975, 1979, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2008, 2009), and has retired two separate traveling trophies by winning three-straight championships in a row twice. Journalism students at HHS have won 61 individual state championships. The school newspaper Cub Tracks has been continually published since 1973. It was inducted into the National Scholastic Press Association's Hall of Fame at that association's Fall Convention in 2000, and won 3rd place in the National Best of Show competition at that same event. Since the All-Kansas Competition began in 1991, Cub Tracks has won a top rating 14 times. The Cub yearbook has also won numerous top ratings from the KSPA.

Notable alumni

 * George Sweatt, former baseball player for the Kansas City Monarchs and the Chicago American Giants, the only player in the league to play in all of the first four Negro League World Series while with those two teams

title: Humboldt High School (Kansas)


text: Category:Mayflower passengers

title: Category:Mayflower passengers


text: Category:Hotels in Oregon

title: Category:Hotels in Oregon


text:
Cloverdale, Surrey

Cloverdale is a town centre in the city of Surrey, British Columbia, a southeastern suburb of Greater Vancouver, located just west of the City of Langley. The town centre was initially founded as a small farm community in 1870 for its fertile land and temperate climate. Cloverdale eventually amalgamated into Surrey as one of its six town centres.

Cloverdale is known as a historic centre of Surrey, and is home to many heritage sites, including Christ Church, one of Surrey's oldest buildings (built in 1882). It is also the location of the City of Surrey's official museum.

History
William Shannon (1843-1928) was one of the first settlers to the Surrey Cloverdale region, buying 960 acres of land from the government in 1875. He was inspired to name the area from the clover that grew there in abundance.

Cloverdale was the City of Surrey's first town centre, officially established in 1879 near Five Corners, the historic intersection of 60 Avenue and Old McClellan Road. Adding railways was significant in developing the area. Linking Bellingham, Washington to New Westminster was the subsidiary of the Great Northern Railway forged in the valley in 1891 and created a station named Cloverdale.

In 1881, the first Surrey Town Hall was constructed there. In 1912, the Municipal Hall was built in the southwest corner of Cloverdale.

In 1882, Surrey's first school was established on land donated by Joseph Shannon.

In the 1920s and 1930s, Cloverdale was a common destination for Americans in Washington State seeking for alcohol to address the Prohibition laws.

In 1968, Cloverdale's population reached to 5,000. By 2016, the population stood at 65,645.

Arts and culture
Cloverdale includes a campus of Kwantlen Polytechnic University (KPU), called KPU Tech. It is the main campus for the Faculty of Trades and Technology at KPU.

Cloverdale's Canada Day events are the most popular in Western Canada. For example, 100,000 people were expected to attend the 2018 July 1 celebrations.

Film and television
Cloverdale is best known outside its immediate vicinity as the primary "main street" and "downtown" sets for the television show Smallville. A billboard once stood on the edge of the community that read, "Destination Cloverdale - Home of Smallville."

The community has been home to other filming, including one of Coca-Cola's Christmas commercials. Despite filming during summer, the town square was decked with Christmas decorations, including fake snow.

In June 2006, a film titled Deck The Halls was filmed, and the area was once again decorated in Christmas decorations and fake snow.

In September 2006 the feature film Postal was filmed in Cloverdale.

The 2007 film Hot Rod, starring Andy Samberg, was also filmed in Cloverdale. A portion of 176th Street was shut down to accommodate a riot scene and a motorcycle stunt involving jumping over fifteen school buses was filmed at the Cloverdale Fairgrounds.

In addition to being filmed there, the town of Cloverdale was a fictional setting of the Stargate Universe episode "Cloverdale".

In July 2012 and February 2016, the TV show Supernatural was filmed at Christ Church on Old McLellan Road.

Music
The Cloverdale Fairgrounds was one of the North American stops of the 1994 Lollapalooza in August 1994. Featured performers were Smashing Pumpkins, The Beastie Boys, and A Tribe Called Quest.

Rodeo
The yearly Cloverdale Rodeo and Country Fair, on the Victoria Day long weekend, attracts visitors from around western North America. It is the fifth-largest rodeo in Canada. Its location, the Cloverdale Fairgrounds, is also home to Fraser Downs, a popular racetrack and casino.

title: Cloverdale, Surrey


text: Category:Hotels in Massachusetts

title: Category:Hotels in Massachusetts


text:
File:LTJ-Borders-boundaries.jpg

Fair Use Rationale
This image is a cover of Borders & Boundaries, an album by Less Than Jake. Its inclusion here is claimed as fair use because:

 * It illustrates educational articles about the album from which the cover illustration was taken.
 * The image is used as the primary means of visual identification of the article topic.
 * It is a low resolution image.
 * The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * It is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted image of comparable educational value.
 * The use of the cover will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute the original.

The use of the cover illustration is in good faith, and its inclusion enhances the quality of the article without reducing the commercial value of the recording from which it was drawn.

title: File:LTJ-Borders-boundaries.jpg


text: Talk:List of storms named Calvin

title: Talk:List of storms named Calvin


text: Talk:List of storms named Carlos

title: Talk:List of storms named Carlos


text: Talk:List of storms named Carlotta

title: Talk:List of storms named Carlotta


text: Talk:List of storms named Celeste

title: Talk:List of storms named Celeste


text: Talk:List of storms named Claudia

title: Talk:List of storms named Claudia


text: Talk:List of storms named Cristina

title: Talk:List of storms named Cristina


text: Talk:List of storms named Cosme

title: Talk:List of storms named Cosme


text: Category:Hotels in Colorado

title: Category:Hotels in Colorado


text:
Talk:List of storms named Dalila

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Hurricane Dalilia (1989) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 03:01, 21 February 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Dalila


text:
Talk:List of storms named Daniel

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Hurricane Daniel (2006) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 09:46, 24 April 2017 (UTC)

Current system in Greece (Sep 2023)
A spell of persistent heavy rain and unusually cool temperatures is currently affecting much of Greece (September 4,5 2023). This system is quite noteworthy for the season, worth adding? 06:52, 5 Sep 2023 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:85F:9AE8:2F00:B451:BCFD:C0C6:BA0 (talk)

title: Talk:List of storms named Daniel


text:
Talk:List of storms named Darby

Just a bit of a trivia note
All the four Hurricane Darby's ('92, '98, '04, '10) are all Category 3 hurricanes. :-) 89119e (talk) 23:05, 16 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Darby


text: Talk:List of storms named Denise

title: Talk:List of storms named Denise


text: Talk:List of storms named Dolores

title: Talk:List of storms named Dolores


text: Talk:List of storms named Doreen

title: Talk:List of storms named Doreen


text:
Talk:List of storms named Douglas

Untitled

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

move. — Nightst a  llion  (?) 12:19, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Move
I propose the move because Hurricane Miriam does not redirect to Hurricane Joan, Tropical Storm Simone does not redirect to Hurricane Hattie, and Hurricane Orlene does not redirect to Hurricane Fifi even though it they are Atlantic to Pacific crossover storms like Cesar-Douglas. Having Hurricane Douglas redirect to Hurricane Cesar-Douglas makes no sense in light of the above. Miss Madeline | Talk to Madeline 22:59, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, you could just change the redirect to point to this page without an actual rename (and fix the dablink on Cesar-Douglas). Other than that advice, I have no particular opinion. — jdorje (talk) 23:09, 15 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I did change the redirects, but as none of the Hurricane Douglases are notable enough for an article, I still think it should be at Hurricane Douglas. Miss Madeline | Talk to Madeline 23:19, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:List of storms named Douglas


text: User talk:24.86.163.248

title: User talk:24.86.163.248


text:
User:BigTanker

Background
My name is Rick Patton. I live in Tucson, Arizona and I am a Senior (as of fall 2006) at Canyon Del Oro High School. I was born in Racine, Wisconsin on April 16, 1989. I moved to Arizona when I was two years old, and have been living there ever since. I am currently 17 years of age.

School
I am taking such classes as AP Literature and Composition, AP Calculus BC, Advanced Sports Conditioning, AP Physics, AP Economics and Honors Intro to Computer Programming. I am very intelligent, and currently am the proud owner of a 4.39 GPA, nineth in my class of 440 students.

Sports
I participate in two sports, Cross country and Baseball.

I have been running Cross Country since I was in sixth grade, making this my sixth year in a row doing it. Our team this year consists of 20 boys and 5 girls, a substantial increase from the past two years. Our races are normally 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) long. My record time is 17:28 at a course in Chandler, Arizona. I have lettered in my Sophmore and Junior year. I have decided not to run this year because I will end up missing 4 meets during the year (state included) because of various baseball tournaments and showcases I will be attending during the year.

Last year, our team was runner-up in our region, the 4A DI Sonoran Region, coming in second to our rivals from Ironwood Ridge High School. In doing so, we qualified for the state meet. There, we finished 8th of 15 teams participating, and were only 16 points away from placing 5th. The remarkable thing was that we did all of this without any seniors on our team. The team should be very good this year. Though our school's official mascot is the Dorado, our cross country team's unofficial mascot is a one-legged manikin nicknamed "Leg".

I have been playing baseball since I was only three and a half years old. At first, I played T-ball and Coaches Pitch with the YMCA. When I was 8 years old, I played for CDO Little League until I was 12, when I played on the little league All-Star team. From there, I have played on many club teams and played in many tournaments with those teams. I also played in the PONY league, an elite league for 13-14 year olds.

In high school, I made the freshman baseball team as a catcher and pitcher. I was starter at both positions, in that when I wasn't pitching, I was catching. I had a record of 5-0 pitching my freshman year. In my sophmore year, I made the JV A team as exclusively a pitcher, though I did play some outfield and I caught occasionally, at the coach's discretion. During that year, I had a record of 7-1, and ended up getting brought up to varsity for the regional and state tournaments, though I did not get to play. Last year, my Junior year, I had an 8-1 record, with a 1.69 ERA. Our team won in the first round of the state playoffs, but lost to our baseball rivals, Sabino High School, in the quarterfinal round.

During the summer, I attended the Team One Midwest Showcase in Cincinnati, OH. There, I got to pitch 2 innings, recorded 2 strikeouts, and allowed only 1 baserunner on an error.

Well, i g2g, but I'll finish updating later.

title: User:BigTanker


text: Category:Hotels in Kentucky

title: Category:Hotels in Kentucky


text:
User:Copperchair/Archive1

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Longhair | Talk 09:28, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Hi, and welcome for real this time. I see you're into Star Wars in some way. In that case you might wish to look over the many Star wars stub articles needing expansion. There's plenty there, and plenty more arrive all the time. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on my talk page. Welcome once again. I trust you enjoy your stay. --Longhair | Talk 09:44, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Afghan deaths
I already gave you a link to the ISAF page, on August 20, and you deleted it without saying a word. But here it is anyway:

This is from the official ISAF website: "KABUL, Afghanistan -- An international military soldier was killed yesterday and three others injured when their vehicle slid off the road east of the Afghan Capital's Bagrami District. The accident occurred at 1635 local time as the soldiers' 3-vehicle convoy was returning to their base. No other vehicles were involved."

That was dated August 7, 2005. Later, on August 10, from a Dutch news site: "BERLIN - A German soldier serving with international forces in Afghanistan was killed in a traffic accident, a Defence Ministry spokesman said Wednesday in Berlin.

Three other soldiers, two Germans and a Hungarian, suffered slight injuries when the vehicle travelling in a convoy overturned on Sunday near Kabul after the driver lost control in a deeply rutted road, the spokesman said. "

The Dutch story corresponds with the ISAF announcement. Here is an American website which takes note of the German death: It says, at the bottom of the page,  "A German soldier stationed in Afghanistan was killed in a vehicle accident, the German Defense Ministry said Wednesday. " The news story is from August 11.

Here are the other 16 German deaths: March 6, 2002: 2 soldiers killed in accidental explosion. December 21, 2002: 7 soldiers killed in helicopter crash. May 29, 2003: 1 soldier killed in mine blast. June 7, 2003: 4 soldiers killed by car bomb. June 26, 2005: 2 soldiers die in accidental explosion. PBP 13:26, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism.
Cease your vandalism of the Star Wars articles. Continued disruptiion of the articles may get you blocked from Wikipedia. Thank you. - A Link to the Past (talk)

 * More to the point, you might wish to familiarise yourself with Don't disrupt Wikipedia to make a point. As I stated in a recent edit summary, consensus on the Talk page was to keep Wedge. It does not follow that, as you claimed in your reversion, "then you have to keep everyone else too."—chris.lawson (talk) 11:20, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

I am not "messing" with your Talk page, as you put it. We've had this discussion before, and we'll continue to have it until you learn to abide by Wikipedia community standards. It is not considered acceptable to blank your Talk page in order to hide legitimate criticism. Furthermore, until you cease your disruption of the Star Wars articles to prove a point, you will continue to be warned here on your Talk page that you are in violation of this policy.--chris.lawson 13:04, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Also note that I am not accusing you of vandalism. I merely used Link's comment as a frame of reference to point out that you are disrupting Wikipedia to make a point, which is contrary to policy. If you will simply stop doing this, neither I nor anyone else will have reason to leave messages here. ¿Comprende Ud.?

 * When you start blanking your Talk page to remove this warning, you will be committing vandalism, and you will be warned against that at the appropriate time.--chris.lawson 13:23, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Apparently that time is now. Please do not blank your user Talk page, or anyone else's. Blanking Talk pages is considered unacceptable. Please create an archive instead; this is an acceptable alternative if you feel your Talk page has become too cluttered.

Also, I'll remind you again that edit summaries are intended to be a truthful, concise summary of the changes you've made to the page. "Sp." is not an appropriate edit summary when making changes other than spelling. You have a history of doing this, and you've been politely advised to change your behaviour before. Please heed the advice this time.--chris.lawson 02:03, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

Your edits to the various Star Wars film articles are contrary to community consensus. Clearly, this does not matter to you. That's OK. I don't mind restoring your blanking ad infinitum. The more rope, the easier to hang yourself with, etc.--chris.lawson 03:43, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Re: quote on Revenge of the Sith
The period in the quote "So uncivilized" should lie within the quotation marks, because it is, in fact part of the quote. Periods only lie outside the quotation mark when they are not part of the original quote.

I don't really understand why you keep changing this. Not only has it been pointed out to you numerous times that your version is incorrect, but—and I don't mean to be rude—it's a really, really stupid edit war to continue to get into, seeing as how you are wrong. – Mipadi 04:15, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Furthermore, the Manual of Style says that we should place a period inside the quotation marks when "the sense of finality conveyed by the period is part of the quotation", regardless of whether or not the period is part of the quotation. In this case, the period is both part of the quotation and provides a sense of finality, so that's two strikes against your continued reversions. Please stop.--chris.lawson 04:35, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

User talk:Clawson
"Messing up" another users talk page is unacceptable. Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. --Cool Cat Talk 23:32, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

That' what I say, but you keep doing that to mine. Copperchair 23:33, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I am not "messing up" your talk page, and I'm certainly not blanking it. Kindly desist from your vandalism of my talk page, and remember to be civil and not make personal attacks. Also, it would be helpful if you would abide by the consensus reached on the Star Wars Talk pages, as your compliance with this consensus will cause the endless warnings from multiple editors to cease. Until you learn to abide by community consensus, the warnings will continue. If you don't like the warnings, cease the behaviour that is causing them. It's pretty simple.--chris.lawson 23:38, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Blocked
You have been blocked for 3 hours for blanking another user's talk page. I understand your anger over Clawson messing with your talk page, but blanking his is not the way to react. Please be more civil when your block expires. Ral 315   WS  23:34, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Palpatine
Copperchair, you keep reverting the fact that the pic of him at the bottom of the page is the original version of him. Please don't revert this, that is a fact that needs to be noted in order to distinguish between the various versions of the films. There is no legitimate reason to remove it. It's not like I'm asking you to put Ian McDiarmid's picture in its place, I'm asking you only to keep a few words in. The Wookieepedian 01:46, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Because I mentioned that he was played by Hayden Christensen there. The Wookieepedian 02:41, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Copperchair, in the case of Palpatine, his appearance has been the subject of debate by many on wikipedia, and his first appearance this way has been specifically stated in the article. With Anakin, there is no real reason to keep the original images in, other than for nastalgia or preference of the original or 1997 Special Edition versions. The Wookieepedian 02:50, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Working title italics
Why exactly does the working title of Revenge of the Sith not warrant being in italics? Titles are supposed to be italicized. – Mipadi 03:16, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I wasn't aware that working titles were listed on those pages, but if you see that they are, you can feel free to italicize them. Titles, however, should be in italics. – Mipadi 03:41, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I read your response on Mipadi's Talk page. "Nobody has bothered to fix the other articles" is not an excuse for deliberately contravening the Manual of Style. Instead of reverting to the wrong version, why not fix all the others to make them consistent and meet house style guidelines?--chris.lawson 03:51, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

RfC
Thanks to your ceaseless refusal to follow community consensus, you are now the subject of a Request for Comment. You may view your RfC here.--chris.lawson 14:45, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Palpatine
Copperchair, you keep reverting the fact that the pic of him at the bottom of the page is the original version of him. Please don't revert this, that is a fact that needs to be noted in order to distinguish between the various versions of the films. There is no legitimate reason to remove it. It's not like I'm asking you to put Ian McDiarmid's picture in its place, I'm asking you only to keep a few words in. The Wookieepedian 01:46, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Because I mentioned that he was played by Hayden Christensen there. The Wookieepedian 02:41, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Copperchair, in the case of Palpatine, his appearance has been the subject of debate by many on wikipedia, and his first appearance this way has been specifically stated in the article. With Anakin, there is no real reason to keep the original images in, other than for nastalgia or preference of the original or 1997 Special Edition versions. The Wookieepedian 02:50, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

I've protected Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back
I've protected the ESB article until some sort of consensus on how to credit Denis Lawson is established. This is an exceedingly silly edit war, and I'm sure some sort of decision agreeable to all can be made. (Discussion is ongoing here. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 07:19, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

As part of this dispute, you've broken the WP:3RR rule quite a few times. Please stop making reverts and enter into talk page discussions instead. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 07:42, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

...and you reverted Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope a sixth time. Please take advantage of this day off of editing articles to cool down and consider engaging people in conversation on talk pages, instead of reverting with increasingly-acrimonious edit comments. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 07:47, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

There was a decision made on the Episode III talk page about leaving only the main characters and supporting cast, as stated in the end credits. I am just following it. Copperchair 07:50, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The proper thing to do in such a situation is bring the problem to the attention of other Wikipedians, not revert a half-dozen times. It's clear to me from looking at the RotS talk page that there is no such consensus, and opinions seem to differ about the importance of Denis Lawson's role in ESB (as well as the role of other actors in the other movies).
 * All that said, if you don't stop edit warring, this is gonna keep happening, as much as I hate to say it. I'm warning everyone who's violated the 3RR, but you kept reverting after I warned you. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 07:57, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

How can I disscuss it if I am blocked? Copperchair 10:28, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * When the block is up. However, if you're willing to give me your parole that you won't revert any articles, I'd be happy to lift the block; I don't want to block anyone. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 10:44, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I'm going to have to retract that offer by necessity; I'm going to bed. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 11:52, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Star Wars reverts
I'm just going to have to let the admins handle you. I see you won't give up, and I'm not getting into this crap again. The Wookieepedian 07:35, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

RfC
Clawson has filed an RfC against you at Requests for comment/Copperchair. He posted a notice on your talk page before but it was along with an unrelated reversion so you may have missed it—in either case you've yet to respond to it so I thought I might make sure you knew. — Phil Welch 00:07, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

I'd love to respond, but I am currently blocked. Copperchair 06:35, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Allow me to fix that. I didn't realize you hadn't replied on the RFC yet. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 06:40, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You're unblocked. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 06:42, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

3RR violation
I am blocking you for 48 hours for your multiple 3RR violations and ignoring consensus. I have also blocked the Wookieepedian. Also, youve been unblocked for a while and you never commented at your RfC, so I won't let you hide behind that anymore. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 03:58, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * He did reply at his RFC, for what it's worth. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 04:08, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Guwah?
What, the cast listing or your being blocked? Anyway, I would definitely say there is already a consensus. Please drop it. - A Link to the Past (talk) 06:24, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

3rr threat
According to the page history, I have reverted only three times today. Thus my comment, "last revert of the day". --Maru (talk) 03:37, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Protected
I protected this page as yuo've been abusing it. Also, if you haven't been indefinitely blocked thus far, I'll do so now. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 03:52, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Indefinitely blocked
for "ignores consensus, breaking the 20 revert rule, blanks talk page of warnings, didn't seem to change after previous blocks, bugging other users, a net negative editor" Feel free to appeal the block here. Will unprotect. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 03:57, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Look this is MY page. The one who has been "abusing it", as you put it, has been Marudubshinki who I already reported for violationg the WP:3RR. Check that page as well as. Copperchair 04:05, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Removing warnings is always frowned upon unless you archive them. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 04:08, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Falsely accusing me of vandalism is not a "warning", it is bulling. Copperchair 04:14, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Well, I don't know how to. If someone taught me I would. Copperchair 04:11, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I have not violated the 3RR. I reverted exactly three times, and was careful not to go over. Check the history for today (or yesterday, as the case may be). --Maru (talk) 04:10, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll lower your block to one day if you promise to be good. And to archive you type User:Copperchair/Archive1 and follow the redlink. Do you promise to be good? And I don't just mean the clearing out of the talk page. You've been rather rude to other users and violated 3RR on many occasions. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 04:16, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

I promise to archive, to not violate the 3RR, and not to be rude, even though I haven't been, except on one occasision, ragarding the reverting of my talk page. Copperchair 04:19, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Block taken off. Now be good. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 04:24, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Archived
I'd prefer it if you archived the welcome note with everything else. As is it looks like you're just hiding your warnings. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 04:34, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Copperchair/Archive1


text:
The Anniston Star

The Anniston Star is the daily newspaper serving Anniston, Alabama, and the surrounding six-county region. Average Sunday circulation in September 2004 was 26,747. However, by 2020 it was approximately half of this. The newspaper is locally owned by Consolidated Publishing Company, which is controlled by the Ayers family of Anniston. As of 2020, the paper operated as a "digital-first" publication, and was putting out only three print editions each week.

History
The paper was first published in 1883 as the Anniston Evening Star. It traces its modern history to 1911, when managing editor Col. Harry M. Ayers left to start his own paper, the Anniston Hot Blast—a nod to Anniston's roots as a steel town. By 1912, the Hot Blast had become Anniston's largest newspaper, and was more than large enough to absorb the Evening Star. Although the merged paper was initially called the Anniston Hot Blast and Evening Star, the Hot Blast name was eventually dropped. The Star has been owned by the Ayers family since 1911.

Early on, the Star gained a reputation as one of the few liberal-minded Southern newspapers. It was one of the few progressive Southern papers to support Franklin D. Roosevelt during all four of his election campaigns. In 1948, it broke with the Dixiecrats, who had taken over the Democratic machinery in Alabama, and supported Harry Truman for president.

H. Brandt Ayers took over the paper from his father in 1965. Under the younger Ayers' watch, the Star reversed its initial skepticism toward the Civil Rights Movement and strongly supported school integration, one of the few Southern papers to do so. George Wallace derisively nicknamed the paper The Red Star for its support of integration. It has consistently remained one of the more liberal newspapers in a state that has grown increasingly friendly to Republicans.

The Star is Consolidated's flagship paper. Other newspapers printed by the company include The Daily Home, and the weeklies The Cleburne News, the St. Clair Times, and the News Journal.

The Star is a community newspaper and the dominant source of retail advertising in the region. Its online edition offers the content of the print edition, along with syndicated articles from Consolidated's network papers.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Anthony Cook, head of the Star's publishing company, announced that the editorial page was to be discontinued. Cook also voluntarily furloughed himself rather than laying off staff.

H. Brandt Ayers controversy
On January 2, 2018, during the Me Too movement, former publisher H. Brandt Ayers admitted that he assaulted Wendy Sigal in her Anniston home in the 1970s. Wendy Sigal was a reporter who worked at the newspaper in 1973 and 1974. He admitted he spanked her, but it was with advice of a doctor. Veronica Pike Kennedy claimed that Ayers spanked her in the Star's newsroom in 1975 and Ayers seemed to confirm it.

In March 2019 H. Brandt Ayers resigned as head of Consolidated Publishing after further alleged incidents of misconduct on his part emerged, including further alleged incidents of physical abuse of female staff. He was replaced by his wife, Josephine Ayers. H. Brandt Ayers died in May 2020.

title: The Anniston Star


text:
Paedology

Paedology (paidology) is the study of children's behavior and development (as distinct from pedagogy, the art or science of teaching, and pediatrics, the field of medicine relating to children). Pedology is not commonly recognized as a distinct field of study; therefore, many people who would be described as pedologists are instead described as pedagogues, psychologists, pediatricians, etc. Another factor that contributes to paedology's lack of recognition as a distinct field of study is because one could make contributions to the field of pedology while also making contributions to other fields. For example, Jean Piaget made contributions to the study of pedology in his theories of the cognitive development of children; however, Piaget has more commonly been recognized as a developmental psychologist.

Origins of paedology
The origins of this trend in psychology and pedagogy go back to the end of the 18th century with the separation of a branch of psychology that would form the basis of pedagogy, a pedagogic psychology or "experimental pedagogic psychology", "experimental pedagogy", "experimental education".

G. Stanley Hall (1844–1924) fostered pedology as a separate study, and also became instrumental in the development of modern educational psychology. An American researcher, Oscar Chrisman, proposed the term "pedology" in 1893. At the end of the 19th century, pedology as a comprehensive study of the child came to prominence in Europe as an attempt to create a study of children in the manner of natural sciences. In 1909 Professor Kazimierz Twardowski organized a Pedological Society in Lviv, Austro-Hungary (now Ukraine). In 1910 a similar society was organized in Kraków. In 1911 the first World Congress in Pedology took place in Brussels, Belgium, with attendants from 22 countries.

World War I (1914-1918) effectively put an end to the development of this study in Western Europe.

Since pedology as a branch of science never reached its maturity, there is no common established understanding as to the scope or instruments of pedology.

Bowie State University in Bowie, Maryland became the first university in the United States to offer a bachelor's degree in pedology. A 2014 document from the university refers to "the pedology major (now known as child and adolescent studies)". At many universities in the United States, pedological study is generally classified under the major "child development."

Pedology in the Soviet Union
In Russian Empire a prominent developer of the field was Aleksandr Petrovich Nechayev in St. Petersburg, who in 1901 created the laboratory of experimental pedagogical psychology. Soviet pedology is traditionally thought to be founded by the efforts of Vladimir Bekhterev; in particular, in 1918 he founded the Institute of Pedology as part of psychological institutions united into the Institute for Study of Brain and Psychical Activity.

This science was intensively pursued in 1920s-1930s in the Soviet Union. A journal Pedologiya ("Педология") was issued. Lev Vygotsky and Pavel Blonsky were among its prominent supporters.

While many works of pedologists were of considerable value, the approach was severely criticized for over-enthusiastic but poorly grounded approach of testing for predicting a child's mental development, in addition to estimating its status.

It was officially condemned in 1936 after a special decree of VKP(b) Central Committee "On Pedological Perversions in the System of Narkomproses" on July 4, 1936.

title: Paedology


text:
EuroBasket 1939

The 1939 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 1939, was the third FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship, held by FIBA. Eight national teams affiliated with the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) took part in the competition. Defending champions Lithuania hosted the tournament, held in Kaunas Sports Hall.

Tickets
The prices for tickets were high at the time: The price for a seat was 2.5–5 LTL, and for a standing spot 1.5–2 LTL.

Venue
One of the toughest question was where the competition games of the Third European Basketball Championship should be played. First European Championship was held in a primitively adapted exhibitions hall, second – in adapted former factory premises. Firstly, there was a thought to organize it in an open-court with a hanging tarpaulin roof, protecting from the rain, in the that time State Court (currently Darius and Girėnas Stadium). Although, such building wasn't suitable nor for the Lithuania, nor for the FIBA. It was decided to build completely new sports hall for the basketball games. Anatolijus Rozenbliumas projected the new basketball hall with capacity of 11.000 people (3.500 seats). It cost around 400.000 LTL, however nobody complained about its necessarily and its building progress. Kaunas Sports Hall was built in time. Many helpers participated in construction. One of them, Donatas Banionis, remembers: "I remember 1939 European Championship in Kaunas. Then the Kaunas Sports Hall was built. On the eve of the tournament I learned from friends that helpers are required to number the benches. Free observation of the games was promised for that. This, for us – boys, was a staggering thing. The cheapest ticket to all the games cost 10 LTL. So I numbered the sports hall benches with dye honestly".

Opening and closing ceremonies
The opening ceremony of the EuroBasket 1939 took place on 21 May 1939. Independent Lithuania sport historian, Jonas Narbutas, wrote: "The interest in the competition, of course, was huge. But still it was hardly imaginable that even that big event may attract such wide masses. It seemed that the whole Kaunas swam into the National Stadium. Tides of people attended the Vytautas hill: by foot, by driving. Generations of times swam into the hall: near the gray-headed there was his aging son with his children, small and big swam, of all ages and castes. The hall possibly sheltered 10.000 of people. It is doubtful that more could fit there. It was possible to sell 20.000 tickets to the opening and the closing ceremonies". The opening ceremony was started by the Lithuanian president Antanas Smetona speech.

Teams and their compositions
At first, after sending the invitations, 17 countries wished to compete. Even the basketball newcomers Great Britain, Turkey, and Germany planned to participate in it. Because of this, one of the issued postage stamp had flags of 17 countries. Though, when Kaunas was waiting for the guests from all the European countries, World War II phantom was already wandering in Europe. That changed things, with some of the 17 planned countries no longer interested in participating in the tournament.

Eight teams arrived. Despite that, all the strongest teams of the EuroBasket 1937 participated (Lithuania, Italy, France). The championship prestige was also raised with the very capable Baltic teams participation (Latvia, Estonia). Most of the teams arrived at Kaunas firmly strengthened: Lithuania, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Italy national teams had emigrants, who finished studies in the United States of America.

Everyone was thrilled with the question: will tall (unlimited) height players participation be allowed? At that time FIBA had a rule which distributed players into two groups: lower than 1.90 meter and taller than 1.90 meter. Though, this rule never was used practically. Two teams had players taller than 1.90 meter: Estonia (Ralf Viksten – 1.98 meter) and Lithuania (Pranas Lubinas – 2.00 or 2.01 meter). Just one day before the competition, FIBA Technical Committee reached a decision allowing players of all heights to compete.

Results
The 1939 competition was in a very simple format. Each team played each of the other teams once. A win was worth 2 standings points, a loss worth 1. The rankings were based on those standing points. Ties were broken by head-to-head results. The winning team was Lithuania. In retrospect, the most important match was Lithuania vs Latvia in the first round. Lithuania won by 1 point, and this was the eventual winning margin of the championship. Relations between the two nations soured to such an extent that it led to the cancellation of the subsequent 1939 Baltic Cup football tournament.

Final standings
Source: fibaeurope.com

Team rosters
Lithuania's Lubinas previously played for the gold medal-winning United States national basketball team at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

1. Lithuania: Pranas Lubinas, Mykolas Ruzgys, Feliksas Kriaučiūnas, Leonas Baltrūnas, Zenonas Puzinauskas, Artūras Andrulis, Pranas Mažeika, Leonas Petrauskas, Eugenijus Nikolskis, Vytautas Norkus, Juozas Jurgėla, Mindaugas Šliūpas, Vytautas Budriūnas, Vytautas Lesčinskas (Coach: Pranas Lubinas)

2. Latvia: Visvaldis Melderis, Kārlis Arents, Jānis Graudiņš, Teodors Grīnbergs, Maksis Kazāks, Alfrēds Krauklis, Voldemārs Šmits, Juris Solovjovs, Aleksandrs Vanags, Kārlis Satiņš (Coach: Valdemārs Baumanis)

3. Poland: Paweł Stok, Bogdan Bartosiewicz, Jerzy Gregołajtis, Florian Grzechowiak, Zdzisław Kasprzak, Ewaryst Łój, Stanisław Pawlowski, Zbigniew Resich, Jerzy Rossudowski, Jarosław Śmigielski (Coach: Walenty Kłyszejko)

4. France: Robert Busnel, Vladimir Fabrikant, Henri Lesmayoux, Fernand Prudhomme, Jean Jeammes, Etienne Roland, Emile Frezot, Robert Cohu, Maurice Mertz, Abel Gravier, Andre Ambroise, Gaston Falleur, Gabriel Gonnet, Alexandre Katlama (Coach: Paul Geist)

5. Estonia: Heino Veskila, Evald Mahl, Oskar Erikson, Ralf Viksten, Georg Vinogradov, Erich Altosaar, Artur Amon, Hans Juurup, Valdeko Valdmäe, Herbert Tillemann (Coach: Herbert Niiler)

title: EuroBasket 1939


text:
Talk:Sydney Chaplin (American actor)

Both articles refer to the same person. Can someone please merge and delete one of the articles? Brisvegas 04:34, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I have merged Sydney Chaplin (1926- ) into this article; the duplicate has been deleted. Brisvegas 02:51, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

His middle name was Earl, spelled with only one "E" —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tinith (talk • contribs) 21:15, 13 May 2009 (UTC)

Stephan Chaplin
Who is the mother of Sydney's son Stephan? This article lists Susan Magnes, but the Chaplin family page says it was his second wife, Noëlle Adam. Vpw (talk) 06:14, 21 July 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sydney Chaplin (American actor)


text: Category:Hotels in Illinois

title: Category:Hotels in Illinois


text: Template:R to list entry

title: Template:R to list entry


text:
Square antiprism

In geometry, the square antiprism is the second in an infinite family of antiprisms formed by an even-numbered sequence of triangle sides closed by two polygon caps. It is also known as an anticube.

If all its faces are regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron or uniform polyhedron.

A nonuniform D4-symmetric variant is the cell of the noble square antiprismatic 72-cell.

Points on a sphere
When eight points are distributed on the surface of a sphere with the aim of maximising the distance between them in some sense, the resulting shape corresponds to a square antiprism rather than a cube. Specific methods of distributing the points include, for example, the Thomson problem (minimizing the sum of all the reciprocals of distances between points), maximising the distance of each point to the nearest point, or minimising the sum of all reciprocals of squares of distances between points.

Molecules with square antiprismatic geometry
According to the VSEPR theory of molecular geometry in chemistry, which is based on the general principle of maximizing the distances between points, a square antiprism is the favoured geometry when eight pairs of electrons surround a central atom. One molecule with this geometry is the octafluoroxenate(VI) ion in the salt nitrosonium octafluoroxenate(VI); however, the molecule is distorted away from the idealized square antiprism. Very few ions are cubical because such a shape would cause large repulsion between ligands; is one of the few examples.

In addition, the element sulfur forms octatomic S8 molecules as its most stable allotrope. The S8 molecule has a structure based on the square antiprism, in which the eight atoms occupy the eight vertices of the antiprism, and the eight triangle-triangle edges of the antiprism correspond to single covalent bonds between sulfur atoms.

In architecture
The main building block of the One World Trade Center (at the site of the old World Trade Center destroyed on September 11, 2001) has the shape of an extremely tall tapering square antiprism. It is not a true antiprism because of its taper: the top square has half the area of the bottom one.

Twisted prism
A twisted prism can be made (clockwise or counterclockwise) with the same vertex arrangement. It can be seen as the convex form with 4 tetrahedrons excavated around the sides. However, after this it can no longer be triangulated into tetrahedra without adding new vertices. It has half of the symmetry of the uniform solution: D4 order 4.
 * Twisted square antiprism.png

Crossed antiprism
A crossed square antiprism is a star polyhedron, topologically identical to the square antiprism with the same vertex arrangement, but it can't be made uniform; the sides are isosceles triangles. Its vertex configuration is 3.3/2.3.4, with one triangle retrograde. It has d4d symmetry, order 8.

 * Crossed square antiprism.png

Derived polyhedra
The gyroelongated square pyramid is a Johnson solid (specifically, J10) constructed by augmenting one a square pyramid. Similarly, the gyroelongated square bipyramid (J17) is a deltahedron (a polyhedron whose faces are all equilateral triangles) constructed by replacing both squares of a square antiprism with a square pyramid.

The snub disphenoid (J84) is another deltahedron, constructed by replacing the two squares of a square antiprism by pairs of equilateral triangles. The snub square antiprism (J85) can be seen as a square antiprism with a chain of equilateral triangles inserted around the middle. The sphenocorona (J86) and the sphenomegacorona (J88) are other Johnson solids that, like the square antiprism, consist of two squares and an even number of equilateral triangles.

The square antiprism can be truncated and alternated to form a snub antiprism:

Symmetry mutation
As an antiprism, the square antiprism belongs to a family of polyhedra that includes the octahedron (which can be seen as a triangle-capped antiprism), the pentagonal antiprism, the hexagonal antiprism, and the octagonal antiprism.

The square antiprism is first in a series of snub polyhedra and tilings with vertex figure 3.3.4.3.n.

title: Square antiprism