text:
User talk:Gjamal

Welcome
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

 * PS: Please do not add commercial links (or links to your own private websites) to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links.  You are, however, encouraged to add content instead of links to the encyclopedia. See the welcome page to learn more.  Thanks.   -Willmcw 06:46, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Drafting
Many users create "sandboxes" when drafting new articles. For example, User talk:Gjamal/sandbox. If you click on that link you'll get a blank page that you can use. If the article has categories please don't link them until the article is posted in the main space, otherwise your sandbox will appear oin the category listings. Let me know if you have any other questions. ·:· Will Beback ·:· 18:30, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

TN-1 Visa Application Mistakes to Avoid
That's a nice piece of writing, and I'm sure there are many people who would find it useful. However it's not appropriat content for Wikipedia. Wikipedia articles should describe a topic, not provide advice or tell readers how to do something. A good listing of the things that Wikipedia is not is at What Wikipedia is not. The most relevant section is WP:NOT. As that section mentions, there are sister projects with different missions, including one for how-to guides. One of those would be a better place for the article than here. ·:· Will Beback ·:· 05:17, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gjamal


text: Category:Railway stations in Argentina

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Railway stations in Argentina


text:
Chucker

The term chucker can have several different meanings.

 * Chucker, in cricket is a derisive slang term for a bowler who is believed to throw, rather than bowl, the ball.
 * A chukka is a 7-minute period of play in polo.
 * Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar), a bird

title: Chucker


text:
Mário Pires

Mário Pires (born 1949) is a Bissau-Guinean politician who was Prime Minister from 2002 to 2003. He is a member of the Social Renewal Party (PRS).

Early life
Pires took office as Prime Minister on 17 November 2002, when he was appointed by President Kumba Ialá after the latter dissolved the National People's Assembly and called an early parliamentary election. That election, which was initially planned to be held within 90 days, was subsequently delayed from February 2003 to April, then to July and then to 12 October 2003. After the electoral commission announced in September that it could not finish voter registration in time to meet the planned October date, the military seized power in a coup on 14 September 2003, removing Ialá and Pires from office. Prior to the coup, Pires had warned that a new civil war would occur if the opposition won the election.

Pires was later nominated as head of the Electricity and Water Company of Guinea-Bissau (EAGB).

title: Mário Pires


text:
Talk:Jack Vettriano

Reference book
It was reported in yesterday's Independent, the many of Jack Vettriano's most famous images were actually copied directly from an artistic reference book. (unfortunately the online edition doesn't have the illustrations to compare). This story has now been reported in several other places. , but they only show the copied dancers. Jooler 06:51, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You could just hear the collective gleeful chuckle from the art establishment as they read their papers over a cup of Earl Grey yesterday ;-)
 * The BBC news is one of the few websites to show the comparison. However I guess it is not at all uncommon to use reference sources to construct compositions and the argument that it doesn't particularly detract from the popularity of the painting is quite valid. It will be open season on finding the sources for most of his other paintings now... -- Solipsist 09:27, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, just take a look at the earlier work of his old studio-mate Robert Saunders. The maid in "The Singing Butler" is pretty much a direct lift of one of Saunders' waitresses from his early work, with possibly a nod to the figure in "Red Ribbon Run".  Gordonjcp (talk) 22:39, 30 October 2008 (UTC)

This revelation did little to tarnish Vettriano's reputation, however. -- I find this sentence a little puzzling and think perhaps it should be deleted. Does it really mean it didn't lower the monetary value of his paintings? His reputation among critics was never high in the first place, and how exactly do we know what the print-buyer in the street thinks about it? Flapdragon 16:23, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

"He uses himself and a model for all his paintings." - given the revelation that he uses/used reference books, this statement is obviously incorrect. duncan 10:38, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

 * It is quite possible to use oneself, or any number of people, as models and simultaneously use reference books or, indeed, any number of other sources. Thus there is nothing wrong with the part of the sentence you have criticised.
 * However, you failed to point out the obvious error that he does not use himself and a model for *all* his paintings: only for *some* of them.

FyiFoff 00:04, 20 November 2006 (UTC) I never heard of him until I just found his 2007 calendar.
 * With respect, your ignorance on the matter is of little importance to an encyclopaedia article.

Is there a "master list" of drawings he did that are "copies" from photographes(which in a way is a drawing but done with a camera)? In school I was told if you altered an image 10% you could say this is your drawing rather then my verison of so and so. Did he alter the images or copy layout 100%? FyiFoff FyiFoff 00:04, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
 * In some respects, this shouldn't be overplayed. If you check some of the externally linked stories on this issue (if those links are still active), you can see that Vettriano largely uses the photographs in old dancing guides as a starting point for the poses of figures in his paintings. Other folks use those wooden manequins. In The Singing Butler, the pose of the central two figures is taken from a dancing book, but for the most part what makes the painting is its style and atmosphere. -- Solipsist 21:46, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

00:35, 22 November 2006 (UTC)thanks, I didn't think it was that bad, people only don't like art copying art, art copying a photo has never been that bad of a "art crime". Is there any information who "broke the news"? FyiFoff00:35, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Andy Worhol copied photographs of Marilyn Monroe. Degas used photographic sources extensively.  Copying a photograph can result in art, but need not.

"... a good artist copies. A great artist steals." - Pablo Picasso. Mike Spilligan (talk) 15:59, 13 October 2021 (UTC)

The Singing Butler
Yes, there is a direct link to a picture in the text, but doesn't this famous painting deserved to be thumbnailed on the side of the article? -- User:81.99.181.231 17:02, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Its an idea. The picture would of course be still under copyright (I guess we could now claim it is a derivative work of the dancing manual ;-) but as that was published in 1987 its photos would most likely still be copyright in any case). However, if you could find an example of the painting on Vettriano's own web site, or perhaps a gallery representing him, then it might be possible to use it under Fair use provisions as long as it was small enough that it couldn't be used by anyone in place of say buying the postcard of it. -- Solipsist 19:26, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

The link doesn't seem to work any more so I have deleted it. It seems to be common Wikipedia practice in such cases to use a small image of a famous picture under fair use. Flapdragon 16:26, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

-- does anybody have the original, actual size of this painting? It seems to be unknown an unstated.

Nice-biscuit 20:46, 14 March 2007 (UTC)I read that the book used was an artists reference book and not a dance manual. All the images used were specifically for artists to use as Jack Vittriano did. Being copyright free images there should be no issues with copyright. He only used these type of reference books for his early work. Attending a Private View of 'Chimes at Midnight' in 1994 at the Portland Gallery ,I noticed many of the female figures in the paintings were based on a girl attending the show. Therefore he was using his own reference/models from at least 1993.

I am thinking of writing my essay for my final year of FINE ART BA(hons)around Vettriano and the vilification of him by the fine art police. I dont understand their attitude to him at all. Is it just envy that he makes so much money from his art whilst they, having suffered degree studies, signally fail to? Is it because he is popular? So he uses images from books........who doesnt? He also uses himself for so many of his sexually charged paintings too. Although now that he is older he has started using a younger man to model for him. He doesnt want to look a letch with a young woman !! I have never seen his paintings in the flesh, are they any good close up? SBR1 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.31.210.224 (talk) 19:51, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

It because he's not technically very good, his work is derivative and incidentally badly titled (the singing butler for instance cannot be seen singing because of the clumsy composition.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.149.91.169 (talk) 13:24, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Pastiche
Pastiche is an acceptable practice in postmodernist art as justified by deconstruction art theorists. A number of artists in the 80s and 90s made a point of it, with obvious references to classical paintings, techniques and layered images. In deconstruction, it's also argued there's no such thing as an "original". The great masters also copied and copied, firstly their forerunners and then each other. This approach is not very different, only it's from the mass mediated image. It's not always the artist who justifies their method and approach, but it can help. Usually a thoughtful critic can contextualise the work and give it cred. Mostly, though the most compelling argument for it is the marketplace. The way the artist personally puts it all together makes it signfiicant. Covers, compilation and sampling could be said to be the musical equivalent.Julia Rossi 23:16, 9 September 2007 (UTC) PS Another mark of this way of art making is to use copying and projections as a way of refusing the "skills" that were formerly so exalted, and using that to visually comment on the effect of reproducible media to talk about the "original". It is a discourse and not the be-all to end-all since personally, there's nothing like a high-level inherent skill to take your breath away.Julia Rossi 23:25, 9 September 2007 (UTC).
 * Vincent van Gogh did pastiches of Japanese woodcuts at the beginning of his career, didn"t he?Robert Schediwy, Vienna --208.114.113.103 (talk) 16:25, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

Backgrounds
While Vettriano is accused of pinching figures from a manual, when you compare the painting and the figures from the manual, the painting is much more informed and informing; as well, the backgrounds are not in the manual – see this site: http://www.aref-adib.com/archives000303.html They look pretty cool – any idea where he learned to do these?Julia Rossi 10:27, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Iconic Bluebird
One of Vettriano's Bluebird pics is described as "the most iconic of the series". How does one measure a degree of iconicity? Can there be a superlative? What does it really mean? Can a phrase be at the same time POV, original research and utterly meaningless? Tsuguya (talk) 08:31, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Nude?
The sentence:
 * "His paintings are reminiscent of the film noir genre, often with romantic or nude themes."

was, presumably, written carelessly or by someone either not familiar with JV's work or who doesn't understand the definition of the word 'nude', in art or general usage.

A more accurate sentence would be:
 * "His paintings are reminiscent of the film noir genre, often with romantic or erotic themes."

Nudity (nakedness, absence of all clothing) is almost never apparent in JV's paintings. The arguably stronger images that arise from a state of partial undress, with hints of what is to come or what went before, are often present in the paintings, however, and definitely constitute eroticism.

(Film noir, romanticism: definitely). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.179.114.148 (talk) 07:56, 24 February 2011 (UTC)

What does 'DIY painting' add?
"Vettriano had used the DIY-painting artists' reference manual The Illustrator's Figure Reference Manual"

Better would be: "Vettriano had used the artists' reference manual The Illustrator's Figure Reference Manual"

Adding "DIY-painting" smacks of POV / bias and adds nothing to the normal description of an "artists' reference manual" as just that: an artists' reference manual.

In fact, what exactly is "DIY-painting" supposed to mean? Every painter does DIY painting, hence being called a painter. (Obviously excluded are the 'artists' who pay someone else to make 'their' 'art', such as Damien Hirst).

Suggest expunging "DIY-painting". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.179.115.74 (talk) 09:19, 29 May 2011 (UTC)

Controversy
There seems to be nothing in this article about the paintings themselves and more importantly there is nothing about the controversy over whether he is just a commercially sucessful producer of kitsch illustrations or an 'artist', whatever that means. Surely the fact that painter who is so hugely sucessful is ignored by the art establishment:  seem to recall an incident where somebody offered one of his pictures to the Tate and the offers was refused. Liewise, the President of the Royal West of England academy has recently resigned, allegedly partly because of an exhibition including some of these paintings. Similarly, he is totally ignored by critics: an article I read recently was most interting, a whole slew of critics just saying ' in effect, 'errr, but he's rubbish': I thin only Adrian Searle of the Guardian actually adressed the issue of why. The controversy is signifcant because it relats to the rift between contemporary art practise & what most people actually gain a significant aethetic experience from. I have an entirely neutral point of view on this, btw. I've never seen the work 'in the paint', and therefore have an open mind on the issue at the moment, although since I am about to actually look at some of the thingsa this may change.TheLongTone (talk) 08:39, 10 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Have created a stub criticism section- please expand.93.96.148.42 (talk) 02:45, 25 February 2012 (UTC)

Suggested removal of philanthropy edits by Publicists based on Vettriano's Website
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Laurabrudenell added an number of items to the philanthropy section, including the donation of a painting to a charity auction that raised only £2,000. These were sourced to Vettriano's website. That sourcing has since been removed. I think that the text should be removed, unless the philanthropy was noteworthy enough to be reported in a reliable source. http://uk.linkedin.com/in/laurabrudenell belongs to a publicist, and the editor also edited the philanthropy section for another artist from Vettriano's gallery.93.96.148.42 (talk) 03:37, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I am not sure that philanthropy is the right title for the scholarship he endowed or the paintings he donated to auctions. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philanthropy#Modern_Vernacular_Uses_of_the_Word describes it as charitable giving on a large scale.93.96.148.42 (talk) 04:30, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Isabelledelacroix has also been adding information to the philanthropy section based on Jack Vetriano's website, and removing information about his conviction - []. While there may be no connection, http://www.facebook.com/isabelle.delacroix.773 describes herself as PA to Jack Vettriano, and all the edits associated with this account relate to Jack, or artists represented by Heartbreak.87.194.44.183 (talk) 00:56, 27 November 2012 (UTC)

Criticism heavily biased
The Criticism section is very heavily biased towards negative criticism by a small number of journalist critics, a group which is paid to be controversial. Positive criticism, of which there is plenty, is totally absent.

The section reads like a soap-box for people who make a living by writing opinion pieces, regardless of their own knowledge, which is usually secondary, or ability and experience, which is usually absent.

Suggest either removing the section or, preferably, presenting a balanced set of views rather than a biased set of opinions by the over-opinionated. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 31.55.26.134 (talk) 13:10, 21 September 2013 (UTC)

 * Over 18 months later and the blatant bias referred to above remains unaddressed. Such is the quality of Wikipedia and its bunch of "editors", in contrast to a real encyclopaedia.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.130.102.208 (talk) 20:41, 25 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Have either of you added positive criticism, and had it removed? Show us the edit history, and if there's something nefarious it can be addressed.  Otherwise, This is your own fault, no one else's. μηδείς (talk) 21:43, 25 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Jack Vettriano. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20140118144033/http://www.lapada.org/antiques/d/study-for-rumba-in-black/134663 to http://www.lapada.org/antiques/d/study-for-rumba-in-black/134663

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:58, 19 November 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Jack Vettriano. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140201130008/http://www.wnol.info/leading-names-to-appear-at-great-scot-award/ to http://www.wnol.info/leading-names-to-appear-at-great-scot-award/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140201143553/http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/artist-dancing-joy-city-exhibition-launch/story-12856509-detail/story.html to http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/artist-dancing-joy-city-exhibition-launch/story-12856509-detail/story.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140203002319/http://rwa.org.uk/exhibitions-the-ballroom-spy to http://rwa.org.uk/exhibitions-the-ballroom-spy
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140201183018/http://www.harpersbazaar.co.uk/latest-news/july-1st-the-star-studded-elephant-auction-139637 to http://www.harpersbazaar.co.uk/latest-news/july-1st-the-star-studded-elephant-auction-139637

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:40, 29 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jack Vettriano


text:
User:Ezrapuff

Always made changes to wikipedia whenever I spotted grammar errors or other problems. Now might as well accumulate my edits in an account.

title: User:Ezrapuff


text:
Riviera Holdings

Riviera Holdings Corporation is a defunct casino operator that was based in Winchester, Nevada. It owned two casinos: the Riviera on the Las Vegas Strip, closed in 2015; and the Riviera Black Hawk in Black Hawk, Colorado, sold in 2011.

History
Riviera Holdings Corporation was formed in 1993, after the Riviera resort on the Las Vegas Strip emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Riviera opened its second casino, in Black Hawk, Colorado, in February 2000.

In June 2002, Riviera Holdings was chosen by officials in Jefferson County, Missouri, who wanted the company to construct and operate a casino approximately 60 miles south of St. Louis. In July 2002, Donald Trump purchased a 9.8-percent stake in Riviera Holdings for $2.2 million. Trump made the purchase for "investment purposes," and said that he had no plans to purchase or to operate the company's Riviera casino in Las Vegas. By that point, U.S. Trust Company of California had also purchased a 9.4-percent stake in the company. By January 2003, Trump had purchased additional shares in the company, putting his ownership above 10 percent, which required him to apply for a Nevada gaming license.

In March 2003, investor Fabrizio Boccardi had offered to purchase the company for $30 million, but was rejected. His purchase would have included the assumption of $216 million in debt. In July 2003, shareholders voted to end the company's "poison pill", to attract potential partners. At that time, the company had plans for a casino in New Mexico.

After Trump gained a Nevada gaming license in February 2004, he subsequently sold his shares of the company on April 5, 2004. Company chairman Bill Westerman said that Trump purchased the shares solely to obtain a Nevada gaming license.

As of October, 2005 the company had $200 million in annual revenues and 1,600 employees.

On April 6, 2006 Riviera Acquisition Holdings announced a $427 million buy out offer that has been accepted. The offer included cash and assumption of existing debt. But on August 29, shareholders rejected the offer, after an acquisition company affiliated with BT Holdings LLC of Boston, Massachusetts made an offer of $20 a share.

Facing losses from the recession, Riviera began defaulting on its debt in February 2009. In July 2010, Riviera filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, listing $275 million in debt. A reorganization plan led by Starwood Capital Group enabled the Riviera properties to remain open for business. Starwood emerged with a 75% stake in Riviera, with another 21% held by Derek Stevens, owner of the Golden Gate casino.

In September 2011, Riviera agreed to sell its Black Hawk casino for $76 million to Monarch Casino & Resort, owner of the Atlantis Casino Resort in Reno.

title: Riviera Holdings


text:
User:Rajdumbledore

I am Junior College Student from India. I am currently studying in the science field. In my spare time I develop http://www.the-rda.com. I enjoy contributing my services to Wiki. I help cleanup the articles,Make them strict to-the-point and correct any grammatical mistakes made. I am honoured to be in such a wonderful company of Wikipedians.

The wierdest thing that happened to me was, someone gained access to my account of Wiki and posted a long [really long] page on me! I got so many hatemails since then [for advertising myself] and they also removed the article and gave me a warning. Whatever happened, I was never so upset. They hacked my computer, and the culprit lives among my company. Damn

Thank you for reading

title: User:Rajdumbledore


text: Category:Baseball venues in Canada

title: Category:Baseball venues in Canada


text: Category:Railway stations in Romania

title: Category:Railway stations in Romania


text:
Speech code

A speech code is any rule or regulation that limits, restricts, or bans speech beyond the strict legal limitations upon freedom of speech or press found in the legal definitions of harassment, slander, libel, and fighting words. Such codes are common in the workplace, in universities, and in private organizations. The term may be applied to regulations that do not explicitly prohibit particular words or sentences. Speech codes are often applied for the purpose of suppressing hate speech or forms of social discourse thought to be disagreeable to the implementers.

Use of the term is in many cases valuable; those opposing a particular regulation may refer to it as a speech code, while supporters will prefer to describe it as, for example and depending on the circumstances, a harassment policy. This is particularly the case in academic contexts.

Banned word
A banned word is one whose use is prohibited by law or culture or organization policy. An example would be the Ban Bossy campaign. Lake Superior State University publishes an annual list of words that are banned because of misuse. Some companies, such as Instagram, allow users to decide for themselves what words to ban from being used on their pages (e.g. in comments sections). Most often, banned words, or entire phrases, relate to Holocaust denial and racist or sexist speech. The most stringent of such policies may include a ban on anything deemed offensive, such as ridicule against another person.

United States universities
In the United States, the Supreme Court has not issued a direct ruling on whether speech codes are unconstitutional, but has ruled against their implementation within public universities. However, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan has struck down a speech code at the University of Michigan, indicating that broad speech codes seeking to prohibit hate speech probably violate the First Amendment (Doe v. University of Michigan, 1989). Subsequent challenges against such language as part of harassment policies, diversity mandates, and so forth instead of being self-identified as speech codes have generally succeeded to date. Nadine Strossen writes that in the 1980s, when the ACLU sued on the matter, "hate speech" codes were invariably struck down as unduly vague and overbroad (a key constitutional criterion ), and all subsequent codes directed against specific viewpoints would fail under the same standard.

One web site describes behavior that speech codes are meant to prevent:

 * Discriminatory harassment includes conduct (oral, written, graphic or physical) directed against any person or, group of persons because of their race, color, national origin, religion, sex, sexual orientation, age, disability, or veteran's status and that has the purpose or reasonably foreseeable effect of creating an offensive, demeaning, intimidating, or hostile environment for that person or group of persons.

Today, most talk of speech codes is within institutional contexts and refer to colleges and refers to official lists and rules established by authorities, where speech codes are occasionally used by colleges and universities to suppress speech that others find offensive. Alan Charles Kors and Harvey Silverglate, in their work The Shadow University, published in 1998, refer to a number of cases in which speech codes have been used by public and private universities to suppress academic freedom, as well as the freedom of speech, and deny due process of law (for public institutions), or violate explicit and implicit guarantees of fairness declared or implied in a student's contract of enrollment or a faculty member's contract of employment with the institution of higher education in question (at private institutions ).

One particular case, the University of Pennsylvania "Water Buffalo" case, highlighted reasons for and against speech codes and is typical of such cases. In the University of Pennsylvania case, a freshman faced expulsion from that private school when he called African-American sorority members who were making substantial amounts of noise and disturbing his sleep during the middle of the night "water buffalo" (the charged student claimed not to intend discrimination, as the individual in question spoke the modern Hebrew language, and the term "water buffalo", or "behema", in modern Hebrew, is slang for a rude or an insulting person; moreover, water buffalo are native to Asia rather than Africa). Some saw the statement as racist while others simply saw it as a general insult. Questions were raised about how far was too far when interpreting and punishing statements like the one in question. The college eventually dropped the charges amid national criticism.

Purposes
There are two distinct reasons given for the implementation of speech codes, most often given in the context of higher education institutions. The first is as follows, "First, to protect vulnerable students from threatening, truly harassing speech that amounts to 'fighting words,' which are not protected by the First Amendment".

The second reason is more abstract, leaving room for argument both for and against the reason. One author states, "Second, [speech codes] are linked to a broader ideological agenda designed to foster an egalitarian vision of social justice". Because many institutions hold such a view in their mission statements, the justification for a policy in line with the views of the institution comes quite naturally. However, opponents of speech codes often maintain that any restriction on speech is a violation of the First Amendment. Because words and phrases typically belonging in the hate speech category could also be used in literature, quoted for socially acceptable purposes or used out loud as examples of what not to say in certain situations, it can be argued that the words and phrases have practical, intrinsic value and therefore should not be banned.

Criticisms of Speech Codes
According to one scholar, hate speech complaints are up on campuses everywhere, pressuring universities to create speech codes of their own. He states:
 * There were approximately 75 hate speech codes in place at U.S. colleges and universities in 1990; by 1991, the number grew to over 300. School administrators institute codes primarily to foster productive learning environments in the face of rising racially motivated and other offensive incidents on many campuses. According to a recent study, reports of campus harassment increased 400 percent between 1985 and 1990. Moreover, 80 percent of campus harassment incidents go unreported.

Critics of speech codes such as the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE) allege that speech codes are often not enforced impartially, but serve as a form of unconstitutional viewpoint discrimination, punishing those "whose speech does not meet their subjective standards of 'political correctness'", and feel that "Progress [towards free speech rights] is endangered when schools attempt to use a charge of disruption as a pretext for censoring speech." Many who argue against speech codes cite former Supreme Court justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., believing that "The very aim and end of our institutions is just this: that we may think what we like and say what we think."

As of 2021, 21.3% of 478 schools surveyed by the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education maintain at least one policy that is considered to substantially restrict freedom of speech. This number is slowly declining however, with 2021 being the thirteenth year in a row that the percentage of schools holding such policies has decreased. On the other end of it, the number of universities that are committed to protecting free speech continues to go up, with 76 universities committing to this belief by 2021.

title: Speech code


text:
User talk:Bobthemandole

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. —jiy (talk) 06:55, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Limecatalternate.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:Limecatalternate.JPG. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --OrphanBot 07:58, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bobthemandole


text:
Alamara Nhassé

This name uses Portuguese naming customs: the first or maternal family name is Ntchia and the second or paternal family name is Nhassé.

Alamara Ntchia Nhassé (born 2 June 1957) is a Bissau-Guinean politician, who was Prime Minister from 9 December 2001 to 17 November 2002. Nhassé is currently the President of the National Reconciliation Party; he previously led the Social Renewal Party (PRS).

Early life
Nhassé is an agricultural expert, who was trained in Cuba and in the Soviet Union. After PRS candidate Kumba Yala was elected President, Nhassé was appointed as Minister of Agriculture, Water, Forestry and Hunting in the government formed on February 19, 2000. Later, in the government formed on January 25, 2001, he became Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries. Under Prime Minister Faustino Imbali, he became Minister for the Interior after Artur Sanhá was dismissed on August 29, 2001. After Imbali was also dismissed, Nhassé replaced him as Prime Minister on December 9, 2001. On January 15, 2002, the party convention of the PRS elected him as president of the party. A government crisis then ended his time in office and forced his government to be dissolved. Nhassé resigned as President of the PRS on November 15, 2002, and two days later, Mário Pires was appointed to succeed Nhassé as Prime Minister.

In the 2005 presidential election Nhassé supported the candidate João Bernardo Vieira. After Vieira's election, Nhassé called for Carlos Gomes Júnior to resign as Prime Minister; Gomes Junior then lost his parliamentary basis after 14 of 45 parliamentary delegates from Gomes' PAIGC left the party.

Nhassé is currently the President of the National Reconciliation Party. It failed to win any seats in the 2008 parliamentary election, and he accepted his party's defeat.

title: Alamara Nhassé


text:
User talk:Mona1432342

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Qaz  ( talk ) 06:56, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Mona1432342


text:
Weston-under-Lizard

Weston-under-Lizard is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Blymhill and Weston-under-Lizard, in the South Staffordshire district of Staffordshire, England. It is known as Weston-under-Lizard (the name of a hill in nearby Shropshire) to distinguish it from Weston-on-Trent. It should not be confused with the village of Weston, to the north east of Stafford. In 1961 the parish had a population of 294. On 1 April 1986 the parish was abolished and merged with Blymhill to form "Blymhill and Weston-under-Lizard".

The village is on the A5 (here following the course of Watling Street), and is very close to the county boundary with Shropshire. Nearby places are Blymhill, within Staffordshire, and Tong in Shropshire. To the south of the village is Weston Park the ancestral home of the Earls of Bradford and the venue for the V Festival. Associated with the Hall, there is the parish church of St. Andrew, where Honora Sneyd was buried.

A variation in the spelling of the village name may be seen in an old Law record.

Church of St Andrew
The Church of St Andrew is a Grade I listed Anglican church. Its origins are medieval, but it was largely rebuilt in the very early 18th century by Elizabeth Wilbraham of Weston Park, and restored in the 19th century, firstly by George Edmund Street and then by Ewan Christian. It remains an active parish church in the Diocese of Lichfield.

title: Weston-under-Lizard


text: Category:Railway stations in India

title: Category:Railway stations in India


text: Category:Baseball venues in Cuba

title: Category:Baseball venues in Cuba


text: Category:Railway stations in Israel

title: Category:Railway stations in Israel


text: Category:Baseball venues in Japan

title: Category:Baseball venues in Japan


text:
Mandi Bahauddin

Mandi Bahauddin (Urdu and ) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is also the capital of Mandi Bahauddin District. It is the 41st most populous city in Pakistan, according to the 2017 census. The city is about 220 metres above sea level and is located between the rivers Jhelum (north 12 km) and Chenab (south 39 km).

The name of the town originates from two sources, Mandi was a prefix because it was a grain market and Bahauddin was a Sufi saint. It is also known as the city of Lions.

Foundation of Mandi Bhauddin
In 1506 C.E. a Gondal tribal Chief named Bahauddin established a settlement namely Pindi Bahauddin, after his migration from Pindi Shahjahanian to this area. The town started growing in early 20th century near the ancient village named as Chak No.51, where Sikh, Hindu and Muslim businessmen and land owners came to settle. John Alam made the map of this chak, which became the center of this new town Pindi Bahauddin. later in 1920 because of famous grain market setup in this Chak No. 51, it was given name of Mandi-Bahauddin, in 1923 all the streets and roads were laid straight and wide. In 1924 Pindi-Bahauddin Railway station was given the name of Mandi Bahauddin railway station. In 1937 when Mandi-Bahauddin was town, it was given the status of a town committee and in 1941 it got the status of a Municipal Committee. In the master plan of reconstructing this town. In 1946, nine gates and the walls were retied around this town.

Early history
The recorded history of Mandi Bahauddin goes back to the era of Alexander the Great. Some 8 km northwest of the modern-day Mandi Bahauddin town, at the village Mong on the southern bank of the Jhelum River (Greek Hydaspes), the battle Battle of the Hydaspes River was fought between Raja Porus (Sanskrit Paurava) and (The Great Tribe Chadhar) and Alexander. This historic battle of Jhelum River took place in 326 BCE. The kingdom of Raja Porus was situated in the northern Punjab of modern Pakistan. This was the last major fight of Alexander's career; the Macedonians, after finding a fierce resistance by Porus, and having heard of a massive 4,000 elephant force mustered by eastern kingdoms, refused to march further toward the Ganges Plains. The Sadar Gate built during the British era in 1933 is present here.

Administration
Mandi Bahauddin, the capital of the district, is also the Tehsil headquarters. Mandi Bahauddin was raised to the level of Municipal Committee in 1941. It was given the status of Municipal Committee after the implementation of Punjab Local Government Ordinance 2001. Municipal Committee of Mandi Bahauddin Tehsil is subdivided into three tehsils and eighty Union Councils:

Demographics
As per the 1998 Census of Pakistan, the population of city was recorded as 99,496 while at the 2017 Census, the population of city had risen to 198,609 with an increase of over 99.62% in 19 years.

Geography
The district forms a central portion of the Chaj Doab lying between the Jhelum and Chenab rivers. It lies from 30° 8' to 32° 40' N and 73° 36' to 73° 37' E. The tehsil headquarters towns of Phalia and Malikwal are 22.5 and 28.5 km from Mandi Bahauddin, respectively. It is bounded on the north by the Jhelum river, which separates it from Jehlam district; on the west by Sargodha district; on the south by the river Chenab (which separates it from the Gujranwala and Hafizabad districts); and on the east by Gujrat district. The total area of the district is 2673 km2. The district comprises the Mandi Bahauddin, Phalia Tehsil, and Malikwal Tehsils.

Climate
This district has a moderate climate, hot in summer and cold in winter. During the peak of summer, the temperature may rise to 48 °C during the day, but in the winter months, the minimum temperature may fall below 3 °C. The average rainfall in the district is 388 mm and mainly resonates with the weather in Islamabad.

 * Warmest month - June
 * Coldest month - January
 * Wettest month - August

Languages
The main languages of the district are: Punjabi, the first language of % of the population; Urdu – 2.5%, Pashto 0.5% and Saraiki 0.5%

Economy
Shahtaj Sugar Mills is one of the largest sugar plants in Pakistan. It is located about 2 km west of the city. The company was given top company award by Pakistan Stock Exchange three times in 1982, 1984, and 1988.

Transport

 * Road-Links: Mandi Bahauddin District has road links with the Lahore–Islamabad Motorway (Salam & Bhera Interchanges), Gujranwala District, Hafizabad, Gujrat, Jhelum, and Sargodha. These inter-district roads are maintained by the Provincial Highways Department.
 * Railways: From Lalamusa the standard-gauge railway line to the west of the Punjab serves Mandi Bahauddin District with stations at Chak Sher Muhammad railway station, Chillianwala, Mandi Bahauddin, and Ahla onwards to Malakwal
 * Helipad: A facility of Helipad used for VVIP movements is also available at city Mandi Bahauddin maintained by Pakistan Rangers, Mandi Bahauddin.

Educational institutions
Schools in the city include,
 * Beaconhouse School System
 * Punjab College of Science
 * Punjab Group of Colleges
 * The Superior College
 * MIMS Computer College

Medical facilities

 * District Headquarter Hospital, Mandi Bahauddin
 * Government Children Hospital Mandi Bahauddin

Tourism

 * Rasul Barrage
 * Gurudwara Bhai Bannu at Mangat, Distt Mandi Bahauddin
 * Mian Waheed-Uddin Park
 * Canal View Public Park

title: Mandi Bahauddin


text:
User talk:No pseudonym

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Qaz  ( talk ) 07:01, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:No pseudonym


text: Category:Railway stations in Malaysia

title: Category:Railway stations in Malaysia


text:
Pelican Books

Pelican Books is a non-fiction imprint of Penguin Books founded by Allen Lane and V. K. Krishna Menon. It publishes inexpensive paperbacks of academic topics intended to reach a broader audience. The imprint originally operated from 1937 to 1984, and was relaunched in April 2014.

Pelican Books, 1937–1984
Pelican Books was established in 1937 as a non-fiction imprint for low-cost intellectual paperbacks. Founder Allen Lane wrote, ‘We… believed in the existence in this country of a vast reading public for intelligent books at a low price, and staked everything on it.’ Pelican lowered the traditional barriers to knowledge by selling books at the cost of a packet of cigarettes. In 1938, The Spectator reported, 'If there is any sense in saying that the culture of the world should be accessible to all without distinctions of wealth, such publications are helping to make it true.'  These books became especially popular among the self-educating post-war generation, and Pelican was even called an ‘informal university for '50s Britons’ by The Guardian.

For their first few decades, each regular Pelican was given a number starting "A". "A1" and "A2" were the two volumes of George Bernard Shaw’s newly augmented The Intelligent Woman's Guide to Socialism, Capitalism, Sovietism and Fascism; however, these were just two of nine volumes published in May 1937, the others being Olaf Stapledon, Last and First Men (the only work of fiction published under Pelican); Leonard Woolley, Digging up the Past; H. G. Wells, A Short History of the World (previously published as a Penguin); G. D. H. Cole, Practical Economics; Julian Huxley, Essays in Popular Science; Bonamy Dobrée and G. E. Manwaring, The Floating Republic; Élie Halévy, A History of the English People in 1815, vol. 1.

Pelican published many of the major intellects of the 20th century including historian Eric Hobsbawm, literary critic Boris Ford, philosopher A.J. Ayer, and journalist Jacob Bronowski. Other classic Pelican books included Totem and Taboo, The Eighteen Nineties, An Introduction to Modern Architecture, Coming of Age in Samoa, Pelican History of England, The Pelican Guide to English Literature, and Childhood in Society. Pelican’s early supporters included George Orwell, H. G. Wells, George Bernard Shaw, and J. B. Priestley.

The imprint published books on thousands of subjects and became a global phenomenon. The series sold over 250 million copies worldwide over its nearly 50 years. Although Pelican was discontinued in 1984, the original books continue to be collected worldwide and prized for their iconic bright blue covers.

Pelican Specials
From 1938 to 1940, a few books within the series Penguin Specials (and thus given numbers starting with "S") were given blue covers and labelled as Pelican Specials. The first was Arnold Haskell, Ballet (S5, July 1938; in 1945 reissued as a Pelican, A122).

Pelican History of Art
The hardback series the Pelican History of Art started publication in May 1953, with Painting in Britain: 1530–1790 by Ellis K. Waterhouse. Books in the series were given a number starting with "Z". The series was eventually turned over to Yale University Press.

Relaunch
Pelican Books was relaunched in May 2014, again aiming to provide inexpensive, accessible non-fiction for a non-specialist readership. The first five books consisted of introductions to topics varying from economics to revolutionary Russia, written by authorities selected by the company. These were published in May 2014, with five more titles to be added each year.

The first five books were:

 * Economics: The User’s Guide by Ha-Joon Chang
 * The author was, at the time of publication, Reader in the Political Economy of Development at the University of Cambridge.

 * Human Evolution by Robin Dunbar
 * An overview of human evolution, and especially the social and cognitive changes that gave rise to modern humans, by a British anthropologist and evolutionary psychologist.

 * Revolutionary Russia by Orlando Figes
 * A short book on a period of Russian history, by a professor of History at Birkbeck College.

 * The Domesticated Brain by Bruce Hood
 * An examination of the intersection between neuroscience and psychology, from a British experimental psychologist.

 * Greek and Roman Political Ideas by Melissa Lane
 * An introduction to political philosophy in Ancient Greece and Rome, by a professor of politics from Princeton University.

The re-launch also included a line of Pelican t-shirts. These were made in collaboration with independent London clothing brand, Super Superficial, who sold them in their store and online.

title: Pelican Books


text: Category:Baseball venues in Mexico

title: Category:Baseball venues in Mexico


text:
Category:Hawaii railroads

This category includes railroads that operate or have operated in Hawaii. For a more complete list, see List of Hawaii railroads.

title: Category:Hawaii railroads


text:
Herb Scannell

Herb Scannell (born January 11, 1957) is an American media executive and businessman. He served as the president of Nickelodeon and TV Land from 1996 to 2006, was the founding CEO of Next New Networks, and the president of BBC Worldwide America. He served as the CEO of the Mitú Network until the Summer 2018. He became the president and chief executive officer of KPCC-FM in January 2019. In September 2023, he announced his retirement from that position.

Early life and education
Scannell was born on Long Island in New York to an Irish father from Boston and Puerto Rican mother as the youngest of four. He received his primary and secondary education in his hometown. His mother taught him Spanish at home helping him to become fluent in both English and Spanish. As a child he would spend every summer with his Puerto Rican family on the island becoming very attached to his Hispanic roots.

Scannell graduated from high school in 1975 and entered Boston College. As a student he became the manager of WZBC (the campus' radio station). He graduated in 1979 with a bachelor's degree in English.

Career
Scannell was hired by WHN Radio (New York) in 1980, before joining the cable television industry in 1981 at The Movie Channel before it merged with Showtime, and eventually worked his way up to the position of director of program promotion for Showtime/The Movie Channel.

In March 1988, Scannell joined Nickelodeon as director of programming, overseeing program scheduling. In 1989, he was named vice president for Nickelodeon. He oversaw the development and launch of Nick News. In 1990, he served as executive vice president for Nickelodeon Network and U.S. Television. He oversaw the direction of Nickelodeon and Nick at Nite cable networks. He was also fundamental in the development of Nick Jr. and Nicktoons.

President of Nickelodeon
In February 1996, he was named president of Nickelodeon and TV Land, succeeding Geraldine Laybourne. Under his leadership, Nickelodeon (which, under his watch, included such animated series as SpongeBob SquarePants, Danny Phantom, The Fairly OddParents, Avatar: The Last Airbender, The Wild Thornberrys, The Angry Beavers, Catscratch and Hey Arnold!) and TV Land became the highest-rated cable networks launched within the past seven years. Nickelodeon also expanded to other areas such as live theatrical shows, magazines and feature films. He was also responsible for launching Dora the Explorer, The Brothers García (which is based on Los García, a show he used to watch in Puerto Rico) and Taina.

Later years
On August 22, 2005, he participated in "The State of Hispanic America National Conference" as a member of the Executive Roundtable. Herb Scannell currently lives in Manhattan, New York with his wife and two daughters. In January 2007, Scannell became the founding CEO of Next New Networks, a new media company of micro-television networks distributed through internet technology that helped establish the concept of the multi-channel network; the company had 2010's #1 and #2 YouTube videos in the world. Co-founders include Emil Rensing, Fred Seibert, Timothy Shey, and Jed Simmons. The company's lead partner was Spark Capital. The company's first group of networks include VOD Cars, Fast Lane Daily, and Channel Frederator. In June 2010, Scannell became the president of BBC Worldwide America.

Awards and recognitions
Among the many awards and recognitions which he received are:
 * CTAM Awards
 * BPME Awards
 * NAMIC Vision and Image Award (2001)
 * Profile in Latino Leaders Magazine (2004)
 * Amnesty International Award (2004)

title: Herb Scannell


text: Category:Baseball venues in South Korea

title: Category:Baseball venues in South Korea


text: Category:Railway stations in Norway

title: Category:Railway stations in Norway


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Snowcastle

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. Wikibofh 14:58, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Snowcastle
Ad? If not, than its NN, and "Snow castle" can never hope to be more than a dicdef. Delete --Jeffrey O. Gustafson - Shazaam! - <*> 07:06, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Withdrawn, provided a rewrite with more specific info and name change. --Jeffrey O. Gustafson - Shazaam! - <*> 00:06, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep - The searching I did on google about this place seems pretty impressive to me. They have a good number of visitors and they keep on rebuilding the thing every year, not to mention the size of it. It could stand to be made less like an ad but I vote to keep overall. Qaz  ( talk ) 07:25, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * De-addify and keep. The bloody thing has been rebuilt repeatedly and it's quite famous. I've seen documentaries and items on television shows about the place. It can certainly be expanded past dic. def status. By the way, is this different from the Ice Hotel? - Mgm|(talk) 08:44, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but rename to Kemi snow castle or something. The Kemi snow castle is certainlty notable. — J I P | Talk 10:46, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 *  Keep , it's rather famous and has been featured on many television shows. -- Kjkolb 13:29, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I thought it was talking about the ice hotel, but it looks like this isn't it. I change my vote to abstain. -- Kjkolb 15:12, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I made it a finland-stub to hopefully get some attention... --Daedalus-Prime 23:29, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: this is not the well-known Ice Hotel, which is in Sweden, not Finland, nor the well-known Ice Hotel Canada, which is in Quebec. MCB 23:32, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:Rail transport in Norway

title: Category:Rail transport in Norway


text:
Dinkha IV

Mar Dinkha IV (Classical Syriac: ܡܪܝ ܕܢܚܐ ܪܒܝܥܝܐ and مار دنخا الرابع), born Dinkha Khanania (15 September 1935 – 26 March 2015) was an Eastern Christian prelate who served as the 120th Catholicos-Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East. He was born in the village of Darbandokeh (Derbendoki), Iraq and led the Church in exile in Chicago for most of his life.

Personal life
Dinkha Khanania was born in Iraq and baptized in the Church of Mar Qaryaqos located in the village of his birth, Darbandokeh. Khanania (also written as "Denkha Kh'nanya") gained his elementary education under the tutorship of his grandfather, Benyamin Soro. In 1947—at the age of eleven—he was entrusted to the care of Mar Yousip Khnanisho, Metropolitan and the Patriarchal representative for all Iraq, the second-highest-ranking ecclesiastic of the Assyrian Church of the East. After two years of study, he was ordained deacon in the church of Mar Youkhana in Harir by Mar Yousip on 12 September 1949. On 15 July 1957, he was ordained to the priesthood, and appointed to minister Urmia, Iran. He was the fourth in the line of succession to the Bishopric of Urmia.

Mar Dinkha's priesthood as Metropolitan of Iran and Tehran reestablished a line of succession which had ceased to exist after the 1915 assassination of his predecessor. In 1962, Mar Dinkha moved from northern Iraq to Tehran. During his tenure in Iran, he established a seminary and advocated for Assyrian nationalism and ecumenism. Responding to popular demand, Catholicos-Patriarch Shimun XXI Eshai consecrated Mar Dinkha as bishop on 11 February 1962, in the church of Martyr Mar Gewargis in Tehran.

Mar Dinkha died on 26 March 2015 in Rochester, Minnesota.

Tenure as Catholicos-Patriarch
After the assassination of Mar Shimun XXI Eshai, the Church of the East had an urgent need to restore its leadership. In 1976, the prelates of the church convened in London to elect a new Catholicos Patriarch and chose Mar Dinkha as the most qualified candidate to fill the post. He was consecrated on 17 October 1976, in the West London Church of St. Barnabas, Ealing. With this consecration, Mar Dinkha IV became the successor to the Apostolic see of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (Babylon). He also announced that the hereditary line of succession for the Patriarchy which had existed for 500 years was discontinued with his tenure, allowing any cleric from the Church of the East to be elevated to Catholicos-Patriarch.

Dinkha established headquarters—along with four other houses of worship—in Chicago, Illinois, United States, in part due to the instability of the Iran–Iraq War. This conflict as well as Saddam Hussein's policy of Arabization in Iraq, the Gulf War and subsequent sanctions against Iraq intensified the Assyrian diaspora from the region. Meanwhile, the Islamic Revolution and Shia emphasis in Iran created a tense situation for Assyrians in the Middle East. During the reign of Shimun XXI and Dinkha IV, American membership in the Church of the East rose from 3,200 in the 1950s to approximately 100,000 in 2008.

In 2005, the Patriarch conducted discussions with President of Iraqi Kurdistan Masoud Barzani on returning to the Apostolic See in northern Iraq and constructing a new residence in Ankawa. On 15 July 2007, Mar Dinkha celebrated 50 years of his priesthood. A ceremony was held at St. George Cathedral in Chicago, where a portion of Ashland Avenue was renamed "His Holiness Mar Dinkha IV Blvd". In 2008, he received an honorary degree from the University of Chicago, in part because of his emphasis on education—he stated a goal of only appointing theologians with doctoral degrees to the position of bishop.

Travels and ecumenism
Dinkha made ecumenism a priority during his reign, as well as advocacy for the Assyrian people.

Relations with the Catholic Church
Dinkha promoted closer relations with the Catholic Church, both with the Vatican and the Chaldean Catholic Church; he first met Pope John Paul II immediately after the Pope's election in 1978 and made his first visit to the Vatican in 1984. The two continued to meet informally over the next decade. After a decision by the Holy Synod of the Assyrian Church of the East to have better relations with the Roman Catholic Church in 1994, Dinkha agreed to a Joint Christological Declaration with the Holy See. The "Common Christological Declaration Between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East" declares that it is "[a] basic step on the way towards the full communion to be restored between their Churches;" emphasized common doctrinal positions between the two bodies, such as the Nicene Creed; and clarifies that the centuries the two have spent out of communion were due to geographic and cultural issues rather than doctrinal differences.

On 29 November 1996, Dinkha signed an agreement of cooperation with the Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldean Catholic Church—Raphael I Bidawid—in Southfield, Michigan and met again on 16 August 1997, to bless an Assyrian church. This "Joint Synodal Decree for Promoting Unity" also established a Joint Commission for Unity which helped draft the 2001 "Guidelines for Admission to the Eucharist between the Chaldean Church and the Assyrian Church of the East" that allows Assyrians and Chaldeans to accept the Eucharist from one another. The prior year, Assyrians and Roman Catholics also produced "A Common Statement on Sacramental Life" that assessed the importance of sacraments in both churches. Assyrians have also been allowed to study at Baghdad's Chaldean Catholic College and unmarried deacons and priests can study at Catholic universities in Rome.

Middle Eastern and Syriac ecumenism
The Church of the East has been a member of the World Council of Churches since its 1948 inception and Dinkha used this membership as a vehicle for bi- and multi-lateral ecumenism that would have been impossible prior to its inception. In 1984, the Assyrian Church applied for membership in the Middle East Council of Churches (MECC), but was denied due to objections by the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, whose Patriarch, Pope Shenouda III, required the Church of the East to condemn its Church Fathers Diodore of Tarsus, Nestorius, and Theodore of Mopsuestia. The dispute between the Assyrians and Copts resulted in a common Christological declaration in 1996, which was later rejected by the Coptic synod. In 1996, the Church of the East was offered membership in the MECC, but declined to join at the time. Discussions for the Church of the East to join the MECC have stalled since 1999.

The Austrian Pro Oriente Foundation brought together several Syriac churches in Vienna in 1994 to start a common dialogue amongst the Ancient Church of the East, the Assyrian Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church, Indian (Malankara) Orthodox Church, Maronite Church, Syriac Catholic Church, Syriac Orthodox Church, Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, and Syro-Malankara Catholic Church. Representatives of these churches along with academics founded the Commission on Dialogue Within the Syriac Tradition. Consultations have been convened intermittently since that time. As a product of this process, Dinkha entered into negotiations with the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch Mar Ignatius Zakka I Iwas in 1997 and the two churches ceased anathematizing each other. Although Dinkha spent over 20 years in dialogue with the Ancient Church of the East, the two remain out of communion. In 1995, the Indian metropolitan see pledged its allegiance to Dinkha, leaving the Ancient Church primarily active in the Middle East, with some 50,000–70,000 members. In 1999, Dinkha declared that all ordinations and orders from the Ancient Church were valid.

Political work and Assyrian advocacy
In September 2006, Mar Dinkha IV paid a historic visit to northern Iraq to give oversight to the churches there and to encourage the president of Iraqi Kurdistan to open a Christian school in Erbil. During this trip, he also met Iraqi President Jalal Talabani and Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. Dinkha pursued a pragmatic political course, calling on Assyrians to work together with their respective governments. He sought to de-politicize the office of Catholicos-Patriarch and expanded the church's outreach to the youth by including non-Syriac liturgies composed in local languages.

title: Dinkha IV


text:
Gregory Gymnasium

Gregory Gymnasium is the 4,000-seat current home of the University of Texas Longhorn women's volleyball team, and former home of the Longhorn basketball and swimming teams. The basketball teams moved out in 1977 to the Erwin Center. It also served as the home court for the Austin Aces of World Team Tennis from 2014 to 2015.

The gymnasium has undergone several renovations, and now consists of the original gym and a four-story annex that serves as a gymnasium with an indoor jogging track, basketball courts, racquetball and squash courts, an indoor rock-climbing wall, a moderately-sized weight room, and a cardiovascular exercise facility. All University students can use the gymnasium for free. The gymnasium is available at a low cost to university alumni and their spouses.

History
Following the destruction of Texas' first basketball gymnasium in a fire in 1928, former U.S. Attorney General T.W. Gregory seized the opportunity to spearhead a fundraising initiative for a new facility, later becoming Gregory Gymnasium.

Originally built in 1930 with an estimated cost of $500,000, the gym was named after its main advocate and planner, Thomas Watt Gregory. Gregory, an alumnus of the University, served on the University's Board of Regents and as United States Attorney General before the gym was built. On December 5, 1930, Texas celebrated its inaugural men's basketball game at Gregory Gym.

By the late 1920s, plans expanded to include a women’s gym and student union building, known as the "Union Project." Despite economic hardships during the Great Depression, the Texas Exes contributed over $600,000 to realize this ambitious project, leading to the construction of Gregory Gym and other essential campus facilities. A process that became synonymous with the gymnasium was course registration each semester, where students endured long waits in hot weather to secure their class schedules.

From 1930 to 1951, Gregory Gym hosted Fight Night, an annual boxing event that drew crowds from both the university and the wider community. Sporting events, including varsity basketball games and intramural competitions, added to the gym's reputation as a center for athletic excellence and spectatorship.

By the 1950s and '60s, Gregory Gymnasium emerged as a prominent cultural venue and entertainment center on campus. It hosted renowned speakers, authors, and performers, attracting large audiences for literary readings, jazz concerts, and theatrical productions. Notable events included poetry readings by T.S. Eliot and performances by jazz legends like Louis Armstrong and the Count Basie group.

In 1977, after 46 years as the home of men's basketball, the gym hosted its final Southwest Conference tournament play-in game, marking the end of an era in collegiate sports. The subsequent move of basketball games to the Frank Erwin Center distanced the team from its student fanbase, altering the dynamic of campus athletics.

In November 1997, Gregory Gym underwent a substantial renovation, closing for 22 months to modernize its facilities. The renovation aimed to enhance the building's functionality and aesthetics, incorporating features such as natural lighting, open lounge areas, and central air-conditioning, reflecting a commitment to meeting the evolving needs of the campus community.

In 2016, Amazon announced an agreement with The University of Texas at Austin to open Amazon@UT Austin, a staffed pickup location in Gregory Gymnasium on the UT Austin campus. This marked the first Amazon pickup location in the state of Texas.

On May 1, 2017, a fatal stabbing occurred near the gym where Kendrex J. White, a 21-year-old student, attacked multiple passersby. Student Harrison Brown was fatally stabbed and three others were wounded before White was apprehended by police. The incident prompted discussions about campus safety and mental health support, ultimately leading to efforts to enhance security measures at Gregory Gym and across the university campus.

On April 24, 2024, the gym's plaza was the initial gathering site of a student protest regarding the Israel-Hamas War. By noon, hundreds of students had gathered, leading to police on horseback forcing the protestors away from the area and subsequent protests by the UT Tower. The protests occurred amidst the ongoing nationwide demonstrations on college campuses.

title: Gregory Gymnasium


text:
Slab-O-Concrete

Slab-O-Concrete Productions was a British mail order distributor and publisher, founded by Peter Pavement, Dave Hanna, Emma Copsey and Chris Tappenden; operating mostly in Brighton and Hove during the 1990s. Initially selling British small press comics and zines (including Pavement's own comics), Slab-O-Concrete also imported publications from the United States, Australia and Europe.

Slab-o-Concrete was originally based in Sheffield. It moved to Hove in 1995. After intensely increasing its publishing line in the late 1990s (including moving into CDs and prose books), it collapsed in 2001 as policy changes in the book industry caused cash-flow issues.

History
In general, Slab-O-Concrete avoided distributing traditional comic books, instead making connections with underground publishers, zinesters, independent record labels,and other subcultural scenes.

By 1994, it had developed into a publisher, repackaging small press comics and zines for the bookshop market and originating new works. Notable creators published by Slab-O-Concrete included Jessica Abel, Ian Carney, Craig Conlan, Alan Moore, Woodrow Phoenix and Aleksandar Zograf.

In 1998, Slab-O-Concrete published four titles in partnership with Amnesty International. The comics were designed as 16-page minicomics with card stock covers, designed to be sealed and used as postcards. Ilya's A Bowl of Rice was about the forcible relocation and killing of Shan rice farmers in Burma. Enrique Rodríguez's Freedom from Discrimination was a story about maltreatment of and violence against street children in Brazil, and undocumented, unaccompanied immigrant children in the United States. Dan Jones' Just Deserts told the story of a female Filipino migrant worker's false conviction and punishment in Saudi Arabia. Peter Arkle's Love told the story of Mariana Cetiner, a Romanian woman arrested and imprisoned for allegedly attempting to seduce another woman. In 1999, Slab-O-Concrete published another 16-page mailable minicomic called Donna's Day, by Donna Mathes and Peter Bagge.

One of their its publications, in 1999, was The Worm: the Longest Comic Strip in the World, by Alan Moore and a "galaxy of greats", which was published in association with the Cartoon Art Trust and the Swedish Council for Cultural Affairs. "In one single working day, over 125 British cartoonists gathered together in one place to create 'the longest comic [wordless] strip in the world.'" The Worm had introductions and explanatory text in English, Swedish and French.

Music

 * Jackpot - Songs And Art, (7" with art book) Jad Fair and Jason Willett (1997)

 * 17%: Hendrix Was Not the Only Musician!, by Billy Childish & His Famous Headcoats (1998)
 * The Attack of Everything, by Jad Fair and Jason Willett (2000)

Comics

 * Amnesty International minicomics
 * A Bowl of Rice, by Ilya (1998) — published in partnership with Amnesty International
 * Freedom from Discrimination, by Enrique Rodríguez (1998) — published in partnership with Amnesty International
 * Just Deserts, by Dan Jones (1998) — published in partnership with Amnesty International
 * Love, by Peter Arkle (1998) — published in partnership with Amnesty International
 * Anarchy in the UK: the Comic (1994)
 * Artbabe in Pigskin vs Paintbrush!, by Jessica Abel (1999)
 * Assume Nothing: Starring Liliane: Evolution of a Bi-Dyke, by Leanne Franson (1997)
 * Axis Mundi, by Ian Carney and Garry Marshall (2000)
 * Bad Hair Day, by Craig Conlan (1997)
 * Bulletins from Serbia: E-mails and Cartoon Strips from Beyond the Front Line, by Aleksandar Zograf (1999)
 * Cheap Date: Antidotal Anti-Fashion, by Peter Blake (2000)
 * Daddy is So Far Away, We Must Find Him!, by Wostok and Grabowski (1998)
 * Doc Trader, by Jessica Abel (2000)
 * Dole Scum: Co-starring Bunny Girl and Pig Boy, by Nigel Auchterlounie (2000)
 * Donna's Day, by Donna Mathes and Peter Bagge (1999)
 * Dream Bytes, by Lee Kennedy (1994) — ongoing series
 * Dream Watcher: Comics, by Aleksandar Zograf (1998)
 * Eager Beaver (Missive Device), by Ian Carney and Woodrow Phoenix (1999, ISBN 1-899866-93-0)
 * The End of the Century Club: Countdown, by Ed Hillyer (1999, ISBN 0-9527386-0-0)
 * Excreta: Stories of Bodily Fluids, by Ole Comoll Christensen (1999)
 * Fishbowl #1 (1994), #2 (1995), by Chris Tappenden
 * Floozie, by Jane Graham (1998)
 * Gash, by Soren Mosdal (2000)
 * The GirlFrenzy Aillennial: a Big Girl's Annual, by Erica Smith (1998)
 * The Great Challenge: an International Anthology of Political Cartoons (1998) — exhibition catalogue to accompany the Great Challenge held at Oxo Tower Wharf, London, 1998
 * Hairy Mary: Fun Fur, by Craig Conlan (1999)
 * Hairy Mary: Grrrl, by Craig Conlan (1999)
 * Handy Hints for a Consumer Society, by Chris Tappenden (1995)
 * Liberty Fernando: a Story of Zits & Revolution, by Ole Comoll Christensen (1999)
 * Lux and Alby: Sign on & Save the Universe, by Martin Millar and Simon Fraser, with lettering by Ali Kirkpatrick (1999)
 * Meet John Dark, by Darryl Cunningham and Simon Gane (1998)
 * Pavement (issues #0, 1-3; title changed to Pavement Pizza for issue #4), edited by Peter Pavement, with contributions by Pavement, Dave Hanna, Lawrence Burton, Adeline Wartner, Paul John, Welly, Andy Hemingway, Renée French, and Chris Tappenden (1990–1994)
 * The Plot Thickens (1997) — published with Brighton-based Armchair Comics
 * Punk Strips, by Simon Gane (2000)
 * Schwa, by Bill Barker (1995)
 * Simon Cat in "Taxi", by Nigel Auchterlounie (1999)
 * The Slab-O-Concrete Sampler, (1990) edited by Peter Pavement
 * The Slab-O-Concrete Inactivity Book, edited by Woodrow Phoenix and Craig Conlan (2000, ISBN 1-899866-42-6)
 * The Slab Selection, edited by Peter Pavement (1996, ISBN 1-899866-03-5)
 * Spiral Dreams, by Al Davison (2000)
 * Sugar Buzz: Live at Budokan!, by Woodrow Phoenix (1999, ISBN 1-899866-33-7)
 * Teaching Through Trauma, by Leanne Franson (1999)
 * Time Warp: The End of the Century Club, by Ed Hillyer (1999, ISBN 1-899866-20-5)
 * Windy Wilberforce in The Saga of the Scroll, by Ed Pinsent (1995, ISBN 1-899866-00-0)
 * Witch, by Lorna Miller (1999)
 * The Worm: the Longest Comic Strip in the World, by Alan Moore and a "galaxy of greats" (1999)
 * XXX (Strip) Burger, by Stripburger magazine (1999)

Prose

 * Below Critical Radar: Fanzines and Alternative Comics from 1976 to the Present Day, edited by Roger Sabin & Teal Triggs (2000, ISBN 1-899866-47-7)
 * Billy Childish: & His Famous Headcoats; Hendrix Was Not the Only Musician, by Billy Childish (1998)
 * Cometbus, by Aaron Cometbus (1999) — zine
 * Ground Level (1994) — zine about alternative comics
 * Little Girl Blues, by Lee Kennedy (1994) – zine
 * Spy TV: Just Who is the Digital TV Revolution Overthrowing?, by David Burke (2000)
 * Towards 2012: the Journal of Millennial Mutation
 * Part 2, Psychedelica (1996)
 * Part 3, Culture and Language, by Gyrus T. Features, et al. (1997)

title: Slab-O-Concrete


text:
User talk:Ezrapuff

Why did you strip down Guthrie govan. Your comment says "(cut out promo junk)." What part is considered promo? Those were direct quotes from Guthrie himself. --Stubbornagain 07:08, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * spoken like a true fan

title: User talk:Ezrapuff


text:
Mackenzie Firgens

Mackenzie Firgens is an American actress.

Biography
Firgens made her feature film debut starring as Harmony in the underground hit Groove. Firgens played the role of April in the film version of the Broadway sensation Rent.

Firgens also starred in Quality of Life and appeared on the films Broken Arrows, Break, My Name Is Khan, and The Thompsons.

Awards
Firgens was nominated for the Best Actress award at the Down Beach Film Festival for her role as Helen in the film Gerald.

title: Mackenzie Firgens


text:
Category:Reservoirs in India

This category is for articles pertaining to reservoirs in India. For lakes see Category:Lakes of India.

title: Category:Reservoirs in India


text:
Days of Speed

Days of Speed is Paul Weller's second live album, released on 8 October 2001 in the UK and 2 July 2002 in the US. All songs were performed solo and acoustic from various venues around Europe.

Track listing
All tracks by Paul Weller

 * 1) "Brand New Start" – 3:46
 * 2) "The Loved" – 4:23
 * 3) "Out of the Sinking" – 3:33
 * 4) "Clues" – 4:40
 * 5) "English Rose" – 2:44
 * 6) "Above the Clouds" – 3:45
 * 7) "You Do Something to Me" – 3:43
 * 8) "Amongst Butterflies" – 2:57
 * 9) "Science" – 3:53
 * 10) "Back in the Fire" – 4:57
 * 11) "Down in the Seine" – 2:58
 * 12) "That's Entertainment" – 3:29
 * 13) "Love-Less" – 4:48
 * 14) "There's No Drinking, After You're Dead" – 4:33
 * 15) "Everything Has a Price to Pay" – 4:06
 * 16) "Wild Wood" – 4:08
 * 17) "Headstart for Happiness" – 2:51
 * 18) "Town Called Malice" – 3:27
 * 19) "The Butterfly Collector" (iTunes Bonus Track) – 3:44
 * 20) "Carnation" (iTunes Bonus Track) – 3:25

Personnel

 * Tony Cousins – Mastering
 * Seamus Fenton – Engineer
 * Simon Halfon – Cover Design, Sleeve Art, Sleeve Design
 * Andrew Jones – Engineer, Mixing
 * Pete Mason – Executive Producer
 * Charles Rees – Mixing
 * Clive Sparkman – Guitar
 * Lawrence Watson – Photography
 * Paul Weller – Guitar (Acoustic), Vocals, Cover Design, Sleeve Art, Sleeve Design

title: Days of Speed


text: User talk:203.117.28.222

title: User talk:203.117.28.222


text:
User talk:Pieleric

Howdy Pieleric! welcome to Wikipedia! I saw your article at Rising edge and I thought I'd swing by and say hi.

Here's the usual boilerplate--a few good links for newcomers:

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page (below).
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Happy editing, and have a good time! If there's ever anything I can help with (or if you just want to say hey) feel free to swing by my talk page! --Dvyost 07:11, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Yuck factor
Well, somebody thought it was nonsense and tagged it for deletion, and I leaned towards agreeing. It seemed to me like it could have been just some phrase picked up from an episode of X-Men. Feel free to try recreating the article, and perhaps give it an external link or two to prove it's an actual term that people use. Coffee 20:07, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Logo groupe bull.jpg
Thank you for uploading Image:Logo groupe bull.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale provided for using this image under "fair use" may not meet the criteria required by Non-free content. This can be corrected by going to the image description page and add or clarify the reason why the image qualifies for fair use. Adding and completing one of the templates available from Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy. Please be aware that a fair use rationale is not the same as an image copyright tag; descriptions for images used under the fair use policy require both a copyright tag and a fair use rationale.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it might be deleted by adminstrator within a few days in accordance with our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions, please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 13:01, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Image:Logo groupe bull.jpg
I've rolled back your edit to Image:Logo groupe bull.jpg, You seemed to go in two different directions with the templates you used. On the one hand you claimes that the image was a Trademark that was to be protected, but with PD-textlogo you claim the image is public domain. Those two points of view would seem to be mutually exclusive. I'm curious as to where you were specifically going with this. -- RoninBK T C 23:33, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Logo groupe bull.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Logo groupe bull.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude ( talk  04:33, 4 December 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pieleric


text:
User talk:Guvnor beats

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Qaz  ( talk ) 07:11, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Guvnor beats


text:
Category:Railway stations in France

Railway stations in France is a category listing railway stations in France, for lists of all railway stations in France, see Lists of railway stations in France.

title: Category:Railway stations in France


text: Category:Basketball venues in Japan

title: Category:Basketball venues in Japan


text:
West Australian Symphony Orchestra

The West Australian Symphony Orchestra (WASO) is an Australian symphony orchestra based in Perth, Western Australia. Its principal concert venue is the Perth Concert Hall. WASO also gives concerts at the Mandurah Performing Arts Centre. , WASO has a roster of 79 full-time musicians and presents over 170 performances per annum throughout the state. The orchestra has an affiliated WASO Chorus.

History
In the winter of 1921, weekly concerts by a Perth Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Harold Betteridge and led by Lionel Hart, were advertised in the local newspaper, but the life of this group was brief. In 1928, many professional musicians who had supported the silent movies found themselves out of work, and under the direction of Harold Newton, formed the Perth Symphony Orchestra. The first performance by this group of professional players was given in the Queens Hall of the Regent Theatre. By 1930, the orchestra not only gave concerts in the Queens Hall but also presented ten subscription concerts in the Town Hall. Many of these concerts were broadcast over the radio station 6WF.

In 1932, the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) was formed (which eventually became the Australian Broadcasting Corporation), and part of its charter was to establish broadcast orchestras in each state. In Western Australia, it formed the Western Studio Orchestra of fifteen players, conducted by Nelson Burton. The Perth Symphony Orchestra, conducted by George Reid, was giving regular concerts in His Majesty's Theatre.

In 1936, the ABC introduced Celebrity Subscription Concerts, and artists and conductors – many from overseas – were engaged. The concerts were performed initially in His Majesty's Theatre and then later in the Capitol Theatre and Winthrop Hall at the University of Western Australia. The Western Studio Orchestra became the Perth Concert orchestra, and this orchestra was later augmented for the celebrity concerts and became known as the ABC (Perth) Symphony Orchestra. By 1937, the letters "ABC" had been dropped from the title and the orchestra once again became known as the Perth Symphony Orchestra.

In 1950, the government of the day, with other municipal bodies, made funds available to subsidise the existing ABC Orchestra. By the end of that year, the West Australian Symphony Orchestra was born, boasting forty permanent members. In 1997, the ABC divested all ABC orchestras from the Concerts department of the ABC into separate subsidiary companies, including a service company known as Symphony Australia. The West Australian Symphony was incorporated in January 1998. Since corporatising, the orchestra has diversified its performances, expanding on its summer outdoor season and taking music to many parts of the community. It has a creative partnership with the West Australian Opera and the West Australian Ballet.

WASO principal conductors have included Henry Krips (1948–1971), Tibor Paul (1971–1973), David Measham (1974–1981), and Jorge Mester (1991–1994). Measham took the orchestra on its first overseas tour, to Singapore, and to the Sydney Festival. In 1975, he instigated the inaugural indoor season of three Promenade Concerts, modelled after The Proms, as part of the Perth International Arts Festival. Measham also held the title of principal guest conductor from 1981 to 1986. Vladimir Verbitsky became principal guest conductor in 1992 and conductor laureate in 1997.

Matthias Bamert was chief conductor from 2003 to 2006. His initial contract with WASO was through 2007, but dissatisfaction with his tenure caused the orchestra to terminate his contract 18 months early, in May 2006. In May 2007, WASO named Paul Daniel its principal conductor, effective as of January 2009. He had made his guest conducting debut with the WASO in 1995, and returned in April 2006. In November 2010, the WASO announced the extension of Daniel's contract as principal conductor through December 2013, at which time his tenure concluded. In May 2012, WASO announced the appointment of Asher Fisch as its newest principal conductor, effective 1 January 2014, with an initial contract of three years. In September 2015, the WASO announced the extension of Fisch's contract and he remains in the role as of 2023. With the WASO, Fisch has recorded the symphonies of Brahms.

Principal conductors

 * Rudolf Pekarek (1951–1954)
 * John Farnsworth Hall (1955–1965)
 * Thomas Mayer (1965–1970)
 * Tibor Paul (1971–1973)
 * David Measham (1975–1981)
 * Albert Rosen (1982–1985)
 * Jorge Mester (1991–1993)
 * Vernon Handley (1994–1997)
 * Matthias Bamert (2003–2006)
 * Paul Daniel (2009–2013)
 * Asher Fisch (2014–present)

APRA-AMC Art Music Awards
The APRA-AMC Art Music Awards (previously Classical Music Awards) are presented annually by Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA), Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society (AMCOS) and Australian Music Centre (AMC) since 2002. They "honour the achievements of composers, performers and industry specialists in the contemporary classical genre."

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Recipient / Nominated work ! scope="col" |Award ! scope="col" |Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Ref. !scope="row" | 2004 !scope="row" | 2004 !scope="row"| 2005 !scope="row"| 2006 !scope="row" | 2008 !scope="row" | 2008 !scope="row"| 2009 !scope="row"| 2011 !scope="row"| 2011 !scope="row"| 2012 !scope="row"| 2012 !scope="row"| 2014 !scope="row"| 2014 !scope="row"| 2015 !scope="row"| 2015 !scope="row"| 2015 !scope="row"| 2017 !scope="row"| 2018 !scope="row"| 2018 !scope="row"| 2018 !scope="row"| 2019 !scope="row"| 2019 !scope="row"| 2022
 * This Insubstantial Pageant (Gordon Kerry) – West Australian Symphony Orchestra
 * Orchestral Work of the Year
 * Won
 * West Australian Symphony Orchestra
 * Most Distinguished Contribution to the Presentation of Australian Composition by an Organisation
 * Won
 * The Dischord Hunter – West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Education Chamber Orchestra (WASO EChO)
 * Outstanding Contribution to Australian Music in Education
 * Won
 * Line Drawing (James Ledger) – Genevieve Lacey, West Australian Symphony
 * Best Performance of an Australian Composition
 * Won
 * Trumpet Concerto (James Ledger) – West Australian Symphony Orchestra, David Elton (trumpet), Sachio Fujioka (conductor)
 * Orchestral Work of the Year
 * Nominated
 * Concerto Project – West Australian Symphony Orchestra
 * Outstanding Contribution by an Organisation
 * Nominated
 * Symphony No. 7 Scenes from Daily Life (Carl Vine) – West Australian Symphony Orchestra
 * Best Performance of an Australian Composition
 * Won
 * A Dream of Drowning (Andrew Ford / Tim Winton) – West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Teddy Tahu Rhodes (soloist), Paul Daniel (conductor)
 * Work of the Year – Orchestral
 * Nominated
 * Chronicles (James Ledger) – West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Paul Daniel (conductor)
 * Work of the Year – Orchestral
 * Won
 * Spirit Ground (Ross Edwards) – West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Margaret Blades (soloist)
 * Work of the Year – Orchestral
 * Nominated
 * Two Memorials for Anton Webern and John Lennon (James Ledger) – West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Paul Daniel (conductor)
 * Performance of the Year
 * Won
 * Golden Years (James Ledger) – Margaret Blades (soloist), West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Otto Tausk (conductor)
 * Work of the Year – Orchestral
 * Won
 * West Australian Symphony Orchestra – 2013 education program
 * Award for Excellence in Music Education
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="2" | "Concerto for clarinet and orchestra" (Lachlan Skipworth) – West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Ashley Smith (soloist), Baldur Brönnimann (conductor)
 * Orchestral Work of the Year
 * Nominated
 * Performance of the Year
 * Won
 * "Concerto for Orchestra" (Carl Vine) – West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Michael Stern (conductor)
 * Performance of the Year
 * Nominated
 * West Australian Symphony Orchestra – 2016 education program
 * Award for Excellence in Music Education
 * Nominated
 * "Concerto for Trombone and Orchestra" (Paul Stanhope) – Joshua Davis (trombone), West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Asher Fisch (conductor)
 * Orchestral Work of the Year
 * Won
 * Spiritus (Lachlan Skipworth) – West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Daniel Blendulf (conductor)
 * Orchestral Work of the Year
 * Nominated
 * Maali, op. 101 – "Concerto for oboe, clarinet, bassoon and horn with orchestra" (Andrew Schultz) – West Australian Symphony Orchestra and soloists; Simone Young (conductor)
 * Performance of the Year
 * Nominated
 * Crescendo – West Australian Symphony Orchestra
 * Excellence in Music Education
 * Implacable Gifts (Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra) (Carl Vine) – West Australian Symphony Orchestra
 * Orchestral Work of the Year
 * Hymns for End Times (Rachael Dease) – West Australian Symphony Orchestra
 * Performance of the Year: Notated Composition
 * Nominated

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. They commenced in 1987.

! Ref.
 * 1993
 * The Transposed Heads
 * Best Classical Album
 * Nominated
 * Nominated

title: West Australian Symphony Orchestra


text: Category:Dams in India

title: Category:Dams in India


text: Category:Rail transport in France

title: Category:Rail transport in France


text:
Talk:Counselling psychology

The recent series of edits have overwritten the wikified version of this text, but look to contain some useful information. Please could someone with more knowledge of the subject merge the new edits into the original article? Thedatastream 07:14, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

I am a Counselling Psychologist and I think you will find that there are several inaccuracies in the entry:

"First, counseling psychologists typically focus on less severe psychopathology (e.g., depression and anxiety), while clinical psychologists deal with more seriously disturbed individuals (e.g., those with schizophrenia or personality disorders)."

This is plainly false, however it is a common misperception that members of the public generally has. Unfortunately there are also some psychologists who arent familiar with Counselling Psychology who reinforce this myth too. In practice, Counselling Psychologists see clientele with disorders of typically the same kind and severity as Clinical Psychologists, referring to GP's or psychiatrists for pharmacological support for the client's condition where necessary. This is no different to how other psychological specialists liaise with the medical profession.

The fundamental difference here in client groups however, is that Counselling Psychologists will engage not only with the state of disorder that a client is experiencing, but also help the client to build on their strengths. This means that a Counselling Psychologist will help the client with their presenting issue or even simply for personal growth if the client wishes - rather than focusing exclusively on a recognised psychological disorder.

The reason this is the case is that the core philosophy of Counselling Psychology as a field is about empowerment and equity in relationships. In the client-counsellor relationship this manifests in the Counselling Psychologist working with the client to co-construct the nature of the target issue, a treatment plan and to collaborate in working through the issue that brought the client to psychotherapy. This stance differs quite markedly from that of Clinical Psychology, which due to its focus on psychological disorders, has a client adopting the sick-role and the psychologist taking an expert status in the session, delivering interventions in a top-down manner. Counselling Psychologists simply do not see their clients as being in such a passive position with regard to making positive changes in their life.

In particular, I think it is quite problematic to imply that Counselling Psychologists do not typically engage with Personality Disorders (Axis II disorders). The reality of the situation is that typically, Counselling Psychologists focus on the person of the client, exploring personality factors in more detail in an effort to match appropriate interventions to the contributing contextual factors at play here: the client's distress, the client's personality, the client's background, etc.

"Second, counseling psychologists are more likely than clinical psychologists to assume a client-centered or humanistic theoretical approach."

This is not correct either. Generally speaking Counselling Psychologists are experienced in a broader range of psychological interventions, than the typically cognitive-behavioural therapy (or behavioural therapy) focus we see in Clinical Psychology. The reason that Counselling Psychologists train in a variety of approaches comes back yet again to the active role of the client in our core philosophy. That is, Counselling Psychologists appreciate that different people will respond better to different approaches, according to factors such as their personality style, their current state of distress, or their background with other specialists. This diversity is reflected in the APA Divison 17 Principles of Empirically Supported Interventions in Counselling Psychology (http://tcp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/30/2/197), as well as more recent documents.

I think it would be a pity to also leave out psychodynamic approaches. Similarly, by omitting the detail that Counselling Psychologist do use cognitive-behavioural interventions where appropriate, the article appears to imply that we dont use such interventions.

The key thing Im trying to get across here is that Counselling Psychologists tend to draw from a more diverse pool of approaches to maintain flexibility in their approach in order to help the client with the issue that brought them to psychotherapy.

Education/Training
Revision is needed in the "Training" section. The text suggests most counseling psychologists have Ph.D's. I work in a community college setting; most persons I have encountered with degrees in counseling psychology (faculty, school counselors, private practice therapists) have master's degrees, not doctorates. A master's in counseling psychology provides the education and supervised practice hours required to sit for the Marriage & Family Therapy licensure exam. WikiEditName 00:00, 11 February 2007 (UTC) WikiEditName

Twin Articles
This article seems to have a twin under Counseling psychology -- spelled with one L instead of double L. I've not compared them in depth, but they start out exactly the same. Pat 04:25, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Counselling psychology


text: Category:Cricket grounds in the United States


text:
User talk:Djayasekara

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Qaz  ( talk ) 07:14, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Djayasekara


text: Category:History of Saudi Arabia

title: Category:History of Saudi Arabia