text:
Talk:2005 University of Oklahoma bombing

This page
I began this page as a way to collect the information I was seeing in several different locations into one coherent thought. I began Sunday afternoon (central time) and about 3 PM learned that the man who detonated the bomb was someone I knew. I now collect information as a personal tribute of sorts. Please feel free to edit as you will -- Redshield3 05:36, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Condolences. Had to pass the spot on campus today - it was strange, sad.  Guettarda 06:03, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Additional details
- Additional details - I'll leave it to you to add these to your page, I'll only hose the purty formatting :)

 * Channel 9 news is reporting that he had a Pakistani roommate, and that he (the bomber) attended the mosque down the block from his house - the same mosque Zacharias Moussoui attended. Yes, that Moussoui. He also tried to buy a large amount of ammonium nitrate the day before.

 * http://www.newsok.com/video/1633639

 * Other news sources report that the explosive was TATP, which is made from Hydrogen Peroxide. The bomb it's self wasn't Hydrogen Peroxide.

 * FBI Joint Terrorism Taskforce is investigating. FBI Statement

Deleting a reference
I am going to delete the following reference: [

Tried To Buy Ammonium Nitrate

POSTED: 5:16 pm CDT October 4, 2005 UPDATED: 6:10 pm CDT October 4, 2005

ARTICLE SNIPPET: "NORMAN, Okla. -- The general manager of a Norman feed store said Tuesday that Joel Henry Hinrichs III had inquired about purchasing a significant amount of ammonium nitrate, the primary ingredient used in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.

Dustin Ellison, the general manager of Ellison Feed & Seed on Porter Avenue, said that a man matching Hinrichs' description had come into the store days before he blew himself up on OU's campus. Ellison said the man asked about ammonium nitrate, but couldn't offer a reason why he needed it."

Father Says OU Bomber Wasn't Politically Motivated

More explosives were found in his apartment - was angry, depressed "Swann said suicide attempts are often impulsive, but it is apparent from the cache of explosives authorities found at Hinrichs’ apartment that his actions, whether suicidal or not, were premeditated."

-

Could we change Hinrichs' picture to a more recent and clear photograph? Here is one courtesy of the Colorado Springs Gazette. Joel Henry HINRICHS III Usedbook 07:41, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

- Whoever wants to can edit it, I'm not trying to keep people from doing that. I'd actually appreciate the help as school has been particularly rough the last week. - Redshield3 20:23, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

- It is interesting to do a comparison between heat-of-the-moment and the composed press release: (below)

The officer did have some trouble with pronunciation and coherence of the speech, so it may not be due to revisions after the matter. But I seriously doubt it. This story just doesn't quite add up. --Moonm 13:01, 7 October 2005 (UTC) - Text of CNN clip (Original version) Not found
 * Stress is originally overstated on the competency of the teams.
 * The later version states the site was sealed.
 * Equipment becomes Dogs.
 * Awkward wording for the teams was changed.

CNN Clip: Explosion occurs near U.S. Stadium Duration: 00:01:36

POLICE OFFICER:

This is a statement by the President in regards to the following situation:

 We are apparently dealing with an individual suicide which is under full investigation. At no time was anyone in the stadium in danger. Law enforcement officers and bomb experts on site were activated in the area immediately. As soon as the area was secured, President Boren ordered a thorough search of the garage near the stadium by the trained hazardous device unit teams. Further search of the lower levels outside the stadium and a thorough sweep was also ordered by President Boren in the area where the explosion occurred. Prior to the game, the entire stadium area was swept by the expert hazardous device unit teams with the help of their equipment. Passouts were suspended during the halftime for security reasons in order to enhance safety for the fans. A second device which was found in the area during the initial search has been detonated.

REPORTER: ...Did OU police have any inclination that there was--was there any threat this week leading up to the game?

POLICE OFFICER: There was no indication. Once again our hazard device units, as I stated earlier, are always here during the games to do preliminary checks of the stadium. And there was nothing to indicate--or there was no early intel in regards to the situation...

--That's all we have right now.-- (Cutting off reporters' questions.)

- Text of OU's online Statement:Statement by OU President David L. Boren

Statement by OU President David L. Boren who is following the situation:

 We are apparently dealing with an individual suicide which is under full investigation. At no time was anyone in the stadium in danger. Law enforcement officers and bomb experts on site were activated in the area immediately. As soon as the area was secured and the area was sealed, President Boren ordered a thorough search of the garage area near the stadium by the trained bomb dog team. Further search of the lower levels outside the stadium and a thorough sweep was ordered by President Boren. Prior to the game, the entire stadium was swept by the expert bomb teams with the help of dogs. Passouts were suspended during the halftime for security reasons in order to enhance safety for the fans. A second device which was found during the initial search has been detonated. President Boren who is convalescing has been in continuous phone contact with law enforcement personnel throughout this period.

There is a great deal of material that can be added though some kind of confirmation work is needed. Unfortunately this might be difficult at present given the surprising lack of interest by the national media. Locally in Norman there is a bit of buzz that the bomber tried to enter the stadium and was denied because he refused to allow his possessions to be searched. [www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1498353/posts Reprinted Tulsa World Article] The local channel 9 is reporting that the bombing had purchased a plane ticket to Algeria and did attend a local mosque, the same one which Zacarias Moussaoui had attended while in Norman. Though those at the Mosque have denied it. And to be fair, there simply is not a lot of choices for a Moslims in Norman thus mere attendence almost certainly not meaningful. Many more links are at Crime Scene Overview of the Suicide Bombing in Norman, Oklahoma, 7:30pm, Saturday, October 1, 2005. Be careful as it links to sites of varing quality. A friend of mine who I will not name, but lives within a block of Andrew's Park, heard the explosion in the bathroom because the window was open. MichaelSH 02:17, 10 October 2005 (UTC) Added note: In case anyone is relying on talk for info: most of the "info" above turned out to be outright wrong. I said it needed confirmation and that confirmation did not come. MichaelSH 05:33, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

"off the record"
I strongly suspect that the bombing was the act of a wannabe terrorist, but a few recent edits have  been a bit biased in this regard. I don't think it is acceptable to cite claims that someone spoke off the record when there is an on the record denial. I don't think Wikipedia should be reporting rumors (other than the sense of saying that rumors exist). For one thing, we don't don't have any evidence that any knowledgable FBI person actually made this claims "off the record." Indeed look at the cited article makes me extremely skeptical: "Speaking strictly 'off the record,' the officials stated that they recovered 'a significant amount' of Islamic 'Jihad' type literature, some possibly written in Arabic, along with the suspect's computer. Some of the documentation included material on how to construct bomb-making vests." Possibly written in Arabic?!? The FBI can very quickly learn if it is really in Arabic. And if they don't know if it is in Arabic then they clearly cannot read the literature. And in that case how did they know it is Jihadist literature? And that Arabic literature would not be too surprising given that the guy did have a Moslem roommate. All of this should be sending alarm bells that the source might not be credible. I will have to consider either reverting or putting in a dispute tag if this is not fixed in the next few days. MichaelSH 05:29, 11 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks to those who made the edits. It is much better now.  I added a brief quote of "possibly written in Arabic" since it is what they alleging source says it will let the reader judge the crediblity of the source. MichaelSH 06:28, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

Faculty at gunpoint?
"However this matter escalated past speculation when the police and federal agents in charge of the investigation handcuffed and held at gunpoint an Oklahoma University instructor from Egypt along with various others of foreign descent."

Is there any evidence/a cite for that? Both of my parents are professors at OU and they hadn't heard about that. The predominant sentiment here appears to be that the bombing was not part of a greater "jihadist" plan involving blowing up the stadium. There are much less sinister explainations.

 * You are quite right. That statement is amost certainly false.  And it has not cite to support it.  I have edited it out.  MichaelSH 01:36, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Deleting a reference
I am going to delete the following reference: [ http://worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=49058 Bomb expert: Simple suicide unlikely at stadium explosion Analysis suggests Oklahoma student meant to explode among 80,000 fans]. 1) It makes claims that are clearly false like repeating the old rumor that Jihadist materials were found in Hinrichs' appartment. Officials have denied that as documented in the article.  2) WorldNetDaily is simply not a credible reference in any event. Ironicaly I actually agree with the article's conclusion that the Hinrich had intended to kill other people. I would be happy if someone can suggest a credible reference supporting the idea that Hinrich was a wannabe terrorist. MichaelSH 02:45, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

"Citation needed"
I have removed the two "citation needed" put in by 69.71.166.93. Where (s)he put them in can be seen by looking at this comparison. The first one was that rumors circulated that Jihadist materials had found in Hinrichs' appartment is fairly trivial. Examining the many links the article provides makes that clear including the next footnote. Many examples can be found by simple internet searches. I can also state that as someone who lives within a few miles of where Hinrichs died, that those rumors did circulate. The second "citation needed" was for what Tom Cole said. That surprised me since I originally edited that in and provided a reference. I compared before and after my edit and it is clear that the Dallas Morning News article was the source I used. I did not repeat that reference with each and every sentence and after nearly a year of edits it was not absolutely that it was the source. MichaelSH 21:45, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

"Terrorist"
I should point out that there's a very odd definition of "terrorist" in this article. When some right-leaning bloggers accused him of being Muslim, he was under suspicion of being a "terrorist." When the Islam tie was more or less disproven, he was "not a terrorist." Excuse me, but I think suicide bombing could be considered terrorism, regardless of the religion of the perpretrator. 69.113.86.25 (talk) 06:55, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

Why is Timothy McVeigh's suicide considered an act of terrorism whilst this is not? (89.242.150.214 (talk) 12:25, 21 January 2010 (UTC))
 * Because McVeigh's suicide also resulted in the deaths of 168 others while Hinrichs only resulted in his own. There is no evidence he targeted others.—NMajdan •talk 13:21, 21 January 2010 (UTC)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://kotv.com/news/local/story/?id=93961
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-05-25 08:06:51, 404 Not Found
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-06-12 03:17:38, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:17, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 2
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://hub.ou.edu/articles/article.php?article_id=1492138823&search_id=948578773
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-05-25 08:06:37, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-06-12 03:17:47, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:18, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 3
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://kotv.com/news/local/story/?id=91267
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-05-25 08:06:57, 404 Not Found
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-06-12 03:17:54, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:18, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 4
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://kotv.com/news/local/story/?id=99768
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-05-25 08:06:57, 404 Not Found
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-06-12 03:18:04, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:18, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 5
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://hub.ou.edu/articles/article.php?article_id=1391703278&search_id=885921226
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-05-25 08:06:41, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-06-12 03:18:14, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:18, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 6
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://kotv.com/news/local/story/?id=91969
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-05-25 08:06:57, 404 Not Found
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-06-12 03:18:24, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:18, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 7
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://kotv.com/news/local/story/?id=107670
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-05-25 08:06:57, 404 Not Found
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-06-12 03:18:37, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:18, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 8
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://kotv.com/news/local/story/?id=127198
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-05-25 08:06:57, 404 Not Found
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-06-12 03:18:44, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:19, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 9
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://hub.ou.edu/articles/article.php?item_id=1127935927&section_id=1774511018
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-05-25 08:06:43, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-06-12 03:18:56, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:19, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 10
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.workingforchange.com/article.cfm?ItemID=21261
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-05-25 08:06:57, 404 Not Found
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-06-12 03:19:05, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:19, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 11
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.tfot.info/content/view/92/
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-05-25 08:06:51, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'
 * In 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing on 2011-06-12 03:19:14, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:20, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on 2005 University of Oklahoma bombing. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://hub.ou.edu/articles/article.php?article_id=1492138823&search_id=948578773
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070906104948/http://friends.macjournals.com/mattd/hinrichs to http://friends.macjournals.com/mattd/hinrichs
 * Added tag to http://normantranscript.com/cnhi/thenormantranscript/homepage/local_story_275013811.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070927185100/http://www.koco.com/news/5065442/detail.html to http://www.koco.com/news/5065442/detail.html
 * Added tag to http://hub.ou.edu/articles/article.php?article_id=1391703278&search_id=885921226
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070927185007/http://www.koco.com/news/5063479/detail.html to http://www.koco.com/news/5063479/detail.html
 * Added tag to http://www.normantranscript.com/localnews/local_story_291021629.html
 * Added tag to http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/B/BOMBERS_BROTHER_OKOL-?SITE=OKTUL&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070831233402/http://hub.ou.edu/articles/article.php?item_id=1127935927&section_id=1774511018 to http://hub.ou.edu/articles/article.php?item_id=1127935927&section_id=1774511018

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:10, 17 June 2017 (UTC)


text: User talk:80.6.67.228

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:80.6.67.228


text:
Talk:Hydrogen line

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Hydrogen line. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050211003225/http://web.haystack.mit.edu/MWA/ to http://web.haystack.mit.edu/MWA

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:14, 9 November 2017 (UTC)

Recommended value stated in the IEEE publication (1 420 405 751.768(2) Hz) doesn't match with the one shown (1 420 405 751.7667(9) Hz)
I've read through the source quoted for the currently stated value of the hyperfine transition of hydrogen, and while it is mentioned, the IEEE source actually recommends a different value which is the average of the two results obtained (aka 1 420 405 751.768(2) Hz).

I've also found another article from Nature Communications that states the other value as the 'literature value' here. Can I go change the current value (1 420 405 751.7667(9) Hz) to the value recommended by the IEEE publication (1 420 405 751.768(2) Hz)?

I'm new here, so sorry if this is a silly question or anything. Also, I can't find the Wikipedia policies for writing measured values (or, at least, it's not immediately obvious) - can somebody show me where it is?
 * MeasureWell (talk) 07:40, 21 June 2021 (UTC)

Edit 1: formatting. Edit 2: more formatting. Edit 3: even more formatting.

Below microwave range--correct statement?
This article first gives a frequency for this Hydrogen line of 1420 (and some change) MHz which is 1.420 (ditto) GHz. But then it says, "This frequency falls below the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, which begins at 3.0 GHz (10 cm wavelength)..." Is that correct? Yes, it falls below 3.0 GHz, which (according to other WP articles) is the top end of the microwave range--the cut-off between microwave and infrared (by some definitions, anyway). But then those articles give the other end of the microwave range (the border with radio waves, if microwaves are not considered radio waves) as 300 MHz. This puts the Hydrogen line within the microwave range. Or am I misunderstanding something? Uporządnicki (talk) 15:33, 20 April 2023 (UTC)

 * The wording up to 15 December 2021 was "This wavelength falls within the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, and it is observed frequently in radio astronomy because those radio waves can penetrate the large clouds of interstellar cosmic dust that are opaque to visible light." This was changed to the current wording by an edit from some user showing only as an iP address on 15 December 2021.
 * This is yet another example of either clumsy editing or deliberate vandalism from somebody without an account. It plagues Wikipedia.
 * You might like to change the wording back to what it was before December 2021. TowardsTheLight (talk) 18:08, 20 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I should add that, yes, different sources define microwaves slightly differently, so there is ambiguity over whether 21cm, 1420 MHz, is in the microwave region or not. Perhaps describing the radiation as short-wavelength radio waves would avoid these issues. TowardsTheLight (talk) 21:19, 20 April 2023 (UTC)
 * @TowardsTheLight Sorry, this thing called "life" got in the way. Actually, looking things up (full disclosure: I'm doing all this "looking up" right here in Wikipedia), I see two things.  First, the Hydrogen line is within both of the two definitions of Microwaves given in that article.  I don't know about any other definitions.  Second, the term "short wave" is even more informal, and subject to more definitions, than Microwave.  I don't want to get too much into what might be described as OR (especially when the OR isn't, because it's right here).  But I note that the line is in the UHF radio band.  Perhaps I'll edit things to say that, and leave it there. Uporządnicki (talk) 16:59, 4 May 2023 (UTC)
 * And now, I see that the Hydrogen line falls within the ITU definition of UHF, but not the IEEE definition. Uporządnicki (talk) 14:45, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, according to the microwave article, 1.42 GHz lies inside the "300 MHz and 300 GHz" frequency range. The statement in the header contradicts the cited statement in the "In radio astronomy" section. The term "falls below" is vague and ambiguous wording in that context, so the statement needs to be clarified. Praemonitus (talk) 18:20, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I was WP:BOLD and made an update to the statement. Praemonitus (talk) 13:48, 15 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Good. TowardsTheLight (talk) 16:14, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

In popular culture
If an "In popular culture" section were added it could reference the Star Trek TNG episode "Galaxy's Child" which refers to this phenomena

title: Talk:Hydrogen line


text: Category:Tourism in Slovenia

title: Category:Tourism in Slovenia


text:
Edwin Southern

Sir Edwin Mellor Southern (born 7 June 1938) is an English Lasker Award-winning molecular biologist, Emeritus Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Oxford and a fellow of Trinity College, Oxford. He is most widely known for the invention of the Southern blot, published in 1975 and now a common laboratory procedure.

Early life and education
Southern was born in Burnley, Lancashire and educated at Burnley Grammar School. He has a brother named John Southern and a sister Kay Monie. He went on to read Chemistry at the University of Manchester (BSc Hons., 1958). He continued as a graduate student (then Demonstrator, 1963) in the Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, where he was awarded his PhD in 1962.

Career and Research
Southern is also the founder and chairman of Oxford Gene Technology. He is also the founder (in 2000) and chairman of a Scottish charity, The Kirkhouse Trust, which aims to promote education and research in the Natural Sciences, particularly the biological and medical sciences, and the Edina Trust, which was founded to promote science in schools. These charities are financed using royalty income from licensing microarray technology.

Southern blot
The Southern blot is used for DNA analysis and was routinely used for genetic fingerprinting and paternity testing prior to the development of microsatellite markers for this purpose. The procedure is also frequently used to determine the number of copies of a gene in the genome. The concepts of the Southern blot were used in the development and creation of the modern microarray slide, which is an extensively used experimental tool. The northern blot, western blot and eastern blot, related procedures for the analysis of RNA, protein and post-translational modification of proteins, respectively, are all puns on Southern's name.

DNA microarray
Southern founded Oxford Gene Technology (OGT) in 1995, a company that developed DNA microarray technology. OGT won a 1999 patent infringement lawsuit against Affymetrix based on his patent holdings in microarray technology.

Awards and honours
In 1990, Southern was one of the winners of the Gairdner Foundation International Award. In 1998 he was awarded the Royal Medal of the Royal Society of London. He received the Association for Molecular Pathology Award for Excellence in Molecular Diagnostics in 1999. He was made a Knight Bachelor in the June 2003 Birthday Honours for services to the development of DNA microarray technologies. In 2005 he was awarded the prestigious Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research, jointly with Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester for his invention of the Southern blot. In 2005 he was also awarded the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities Award for outstanding contributions to Biomolecular Technologies. In 2012, he was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His nomination for the Royal Society reads: "Dr. Southern has done pioneering work on the organization of DNA sequences in chromosomes. Apart from studies on crab poly-AT carried out in the early 1960s, Southern was the first to determine the nucleotide sequence of a eukaryotic chromosomal DNA fraction, demonstrating that a guinea pig 'satellite' had an unexpectedly simple repetitive structure based on a sequence of six nucleotides. In mouse satellite DNA he showed both short and long range periodicities. These and other studies on repetitive DNA he showed both short and long range periodicities. These and other studies on repetitive DNA sequences enabled him to suggest how non-coding chromosomal DNA may have evolved. Southern has devised valuable methods for DNA analysis. His 'blot' technique, for the identification of specific sequences among large populations of fragments generated by endonucleases, has found extremely widespread and important applications. He has also made important observations on the differential transcription of DNA sequences into RNA, and on patterns of DNA methylation."

title: Edwin Southern


text:
User talk:137.132.3.6

June 2012
Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but your recent edit removed content from Zoonosis with this edit. When removing content, please specify a reason in the edit summary and discuss edits that are likely to be controversial on the article's talk page. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the content has been restored, as you can see from the [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoonosis&action=history page history]. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia, and if you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Jim1138 (talk) 08:04, 21 June 2012 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Anna Rosevear

The article Anna Rosevear has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Not finding enough (ie, any) secondary sources to indicate notability."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 01:10, 6 July 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:137.132.3.6


text:
User talk:Cheesemeister (usurped)

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Academic Challenger 05:42, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Request for Usurpation
Hello, Cheesemeister. A request has been made at Changing username/Usurpations to usurp, or "take over", your username because another user would like to use it to edit. The changing username guideline allows a username that is not being actively used to be usurped if the user is given an opportunity to object and does not do so.

If you have an email set in your preferences, you should be getting an email from a bureaucrat or changing username clerk explaining how to consent or object to this process.

If you do not object to being renamed to a new username in order for another user to use the name you currently have, please log in and post a reply here saying so (you may also tell us what username you would like to be renamed to, or we will provide you with a generic one).

If you do nothing : the request may be filled shortly, and your account will be moved to a generic username. You may request that it be moved to a new username of your choice at any time.

If you object to being renamed : please log in and make an edit to this page clearly stating that you object to usurpation.

Please note that even if your current username is usurped, you can still edit and your data will not be lost; your preferences, watchlist, and other user settings will be transferred to a new username.

Thank you for your time. Cheesemeister3k (talk) 18:47, 14 June 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cheesemeister (usurped)


text: File:Wanadoo.png

title: File:Wanadoo.png


text:
User:KForce

Hey what's up this is KForce I'm 24 years old and originally from Teaneck, New Jersey, United States. Studied history at The College of New Jersey, am now a graduate student at Rutgers University.

I mostly have been adding photos here and there, mostly of sites on the National Register of Historic Places, and mostly in New Jersey, and I have done a few minor edits. I am more of a wikipedia reader that editor so I am still sort of a novice as far as editing goes but always willing to learn.

I did write one article- New Milford Plant of the Hackensack Water Company, but it has been so severely edited and ravaged that I think little of my original work survives.

title: User:KForce


text:
Ezra Churchill

Ezra Churchill (May 18, 1806 – May 8, 1874): Nineteenth-century industrialist, investing in shipbuilding, land, timber for domestic and foreign markets, gypsum quarries, insurance companies, hotels, etc. As a politician he held positions in the Nova Scotia legislature and was appointed a Canadian Senator for the Province of Nova Scotia. Churchill was also a Baptist lay preacher.

Early life and Hantsport years
Ezra Churchill was born in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, the son of Ezra Churchill and Elizabeth Trefry. In 1824, Churchill married Ann Davison and subsequently, after Ann's death, married Rachel Burgess.

His move to the eastern end of the Annapolis Valley came with the purchase of a sixty-six acre lot at Hantsport in 1841 from Robert Barker, son of Edward Baker, the founder of the town. He enlarged his landholdings in the area and over the years sold lots to workmen and their families who are moving to Hantsport for the jobs being created by the shipbuilding boom. Although Hantsport and area had been the location of a number of shipbuilding ventures, Churchill was the catalyst that transformed a small gathering of farms along the confluence of the Halfway and Avon rivers into a major shipbuilding port. Nearly two hundred vessels were built in the Hantsport area shipyards. Churchill became one of the largest shipbuilders and ship investors in Nova Scotia, launching dozens of large sailing vessels from his yards at Hantsport, as well as from Parrsboro, Canning, Newport, etc. Amongst his many vessels was the barque Hamburg, the largest three-masted sailing barque ever built in Canada. Among the sailors who ran his ships was decorated African Nova Scotian veteran of the American Civil War, Benjamin Jackson.

Not to be content with ships, Ezra purchased timberlands and built sawmills, producing timber and planking for the construction of his ships and lumber for the export trade. With gypsum deposits located nearby in the Windsor area he invested in the development of mines. The production from his mills and mines certainly became cargos for the outbound sailing of some of his vessels. Owning and operating ships was a risky business and in 1851 he became a founding investor in the Avon Marine Insurance Company. In 1870 or 1871 he operated the Evangeline Hotel, one of five hotels in the booming town of Hantsport.

Political life
His political life began in 1855 when he was elected to represent Falmouth township in the Provincial Assembly holding his seat until the abolishment of the seat in 1859 when new electoral boundary districts were formed. Churchill won and held the new district, North Division of Hants County, from 1859 to 1867. During the debates over the idea of a Canadian confederation, Churchill remained pragmatic. During the contentious debates over the idea of confederation, a number of representatives broached the idea of annexation to the United States. To this Churchill is said to have stated "...what part of the States should we be annexed to - the North or the South? I always regretted that Halifax as well as New Brunswick, gave its sympathy to the South." He eventually backed the idea of a national confederation, supporting Joseph Howe's efforts for better terms before Nova Scotia's accepted Sir John A. Macdonald's plan. In light of his long service to Nova Scotia and to the young Canada, Churchill was appointed on February 3, 1871 to the Senate, representing the Liberal-Conservative Party.

Later life and death
In 1871 Churchill and his wife moved to Windsor after purchasing Clifton House, the former property of the judge and writer, Thomas Chandler Haliburton.

Ezra Churchill was certainly a man of some note and power, so much so that he played host to HRH, Prince Edward, Prince of Wales (Edward VII) during his visits to Hantsport in 1860. The Prince's royal yacht Styx docked at Hantsport to transport him to and from New Brunswick. The new railway lines had only been completed to Windsor, therefore Churchill provided his personal carriages to the Prince and his party for the short journey to the railway terminus.

He died in office in Ottawa in 1874.

His daughter Elizabeth married Douglas Benjamin Woodworth. His daughter Bessie married Judson Burpee Black, Windsor, Nova Scotia.

Churchill built a large Italianate mansion in Hantsport for his son John Wiley Churchill which was known as "The Cedars". The house is preserved today as the Churchill House museum and community centre.

title: Ezra Churchill


text:
User talk:KForce

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --MONGO 05:43, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

License tagging for Image:HWW1.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:HWW1.jpg. Wikipedia gets hundreds of images uploaded every day, and in order to verify that the images can be legally used on Wikipedia, the source and copyright status must be indicated. Images need to have an image tag applied to the image description page indicating the copyright status of the image. This uniform and easy-to-understand method of indicating the license status allows potential re-users of the images to know what they are allowed to do with the images.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you need help on selecting a tag to use, or in adding the tag to the image description, feel free to post a message at Media copyright questions. 21:06, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:MunicipalBuilding.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:MunicipalBuilding.JPG. Wikipedia gets hundreds of images uploaded every day, and in order to verify that the images can be legally used on Wikipedia, the source and copyright status must be indicated. Images need to have an image tag applied to the image description page indicating the copyright status of the image. This uniform and easy-to-understand method of indicating the license status allows potential re-users of the images to know what they are allowed to do with the images.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you need help on selecting a tag to use, or in adding the tag to the image description, feel free to post a message at Media copyright questions. 02:08, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital
Hi! Thanks for adding those pictures to the GPPH article. I scrounged the web for fair-use images, but alas few existed. I had wanted to photograph it myself, but I live on the West Coast now. So a big thank you for taking those and uploading them to Wikipedia! It really completes the article. Best, --Rkitko 01:46, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Battle of Trenton Monument.jpg
Thank you for uploading Image:Battle of Trenton Monument.jpg. However, it currently is missing information on its copyright status. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously. It may be deleted soon, unless we can determine the license and the source of the image. If you know this information, then you can add a copyright tag to the image description page.

If you have any questions, please feel free to ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thanks again for your cooperation. Butseriouslyfolks 03:39, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Image:HWW1.jpg
Hi. When you uploaded Image:HWW1.jpg, you did not specify complete source and copyright information. Another user subsequently tagged it with GFDL-presumed and for some time, it has existed on Wikipedia under the assumption that you created the image, and that, just as with all of your text contributions, you agreed to license it under the GFDL. This assumption, however well-meaning, is not legally sufficient and the tag is being phased out. Images using it are being deleted.

This image has been tagged for deletion and will be deleted in one week if adequate copyright information is not provided.

If you, personally, are the author of this content, meaning that you took the photograph yourself or you created the chart yourself (and it does not use any clipart that you did not create), please retag the image with a free image copyright tag that correctly describes your licensing intentions, usually GFDL-self or PD-self. Please also make sure if you have not already done so that you write a good description of what the image depicts, when you took the photo, and other important details. This will allow Wikipedia to continue using the image.

If you did not create the image or if it is derived from the copyrighted works of others, please keep in mind that most images on the internet are copyrighted and are not suitable for use on Wikipedia. Wikipedia respects the copyrights of others and does not use images unless we know that they have been freely licensed. Any creative work is automatically copyrighted, even if it lacks a copyright notice. Unless the copyright holder has specifically disclaimed their rights to the image and released it under the GFDL or another compatible license, we cannot use it. If you did not create the image, simply do nothing and it will be deleted in a week.

Please feel free to contact me on my talk page if I can be of assistance or leave a message at Media copyright questions with any questions you may have. Thank you. MER-C 12:48, 26 May 2007 (UTC)

Image:HWW1.jpg
Hi. When you uploaded Image:HWW1.jpg, you did not specify complete source and copyright information. Another user subsequently tagged it with GFDL-presumed and, for some time, it has existed on Wikipedia under the assumption that you created the image and you agreed to license it under the GFDL. This assumption, however well-meaning, is not legally sufficient and the tag is being phased out. Images using it are being deleted.

This image has been tagged for deletion and will be deleted in one week if adequate copyright information is not provided.

If you, personally, are the author of this content, meaning that you took the photograph yourself or you created the chart yourself (and it does not use any clipart that you did not create), please retag the image with a free image copyright tag that correctly describes your licensing intentions, usually GFDL-self or PD-self. Please also make sure if you have not already done so that you write a good description of what the image depicts, when you took the photo, and other important details. This will allow Wikipedia to continue using the image.

If you did not create the image or if it is derived from the copyrighted works of others, please keep in mind that most images on the internet are copyrighted and are not suitable for use on Wikipedia. Wikipedia respects the copyrights of others and does not use images unless we know that they have been freely licensed. Any creative work is automatically copyrighted, even if it lacks a copyright notice. Unless the copyright holder has specifically disclaimed their rights to the image and released it under the GFDL or another compatible license, we cannot use it. If you did not create the image, and cannot make the image compliant with Non-free content, simply do nothing and it will be deleted in a week. All other non-free images must follow these rules.

Please feel free to contact me on my talk page or leave a message at Media copyright questions with any questions you may have. Thank you. Aksibot 22:10, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Image:HWW2.jpg
Hi. When you uploaded Image:HWW2.jpg, you did not specify complete source and copyright information. Another user subsequently tagged it with GFDL-presumed and, for some time, it has existed on Wikipedia under the assumption that you created the image and you agreed to license it under the GFDL. This assumption, however well-meaning, is not legally sufficient and the tag is being phased out. Images using it are being deleted.

This image has been tagged for deletion and will be deleted in one week if adequate copyright information is not provided.

If you, personally, are the author of this content, meaning that you took the photograph yourself or you created the chart yourself (and it does not use any clipart that you did not create), please retag the image with a free image copyright tag that correctly describes your licensing intentions, usually GFDL-self or PD-self. Please also make sure if you have not already done so that you write a good description of what the image depicts, when you took the photo, and other important details. This will allow Wikipedia to continue using the image.

If you did not create the image or if it is derived from the copyrighted works of others, please keep in mind that most images on the internet are copyrighted and are not suitable for use on Wikipedia. Wikipedia respects the copyrights of others and does not use images unless we know that they have been freely licensed. Any creative work is automatically copyrighted, even if it lacks a copyright notice. Unless the copyright holder has specifically disclaimed their rights to the image and released it under the GFDL or another compatible license, we cannot use it. If you did not create the image, and cannot make the image compliant with Non-free content, simply do nothing and it will be deleted in a week. All other non-free images must follow these rules.

Please feel free to contact me on my talk page or leave a message at Media copyright questions with any questions you may have. Thank you. Aksibot 22:11, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Please reupload HWW1 HWW2.
KForce, thanks for your many photo contributions, including places in Bergen County. Please consider re-uploading the HWW1.jpg and HWW2.jpg photos for the New Milford Plant of the Hackensack Water Company article. Please tag them with an appropriate copyright license (like your other uploads) to prevent the files from being deleted again. Thanks. --ChrisRuvolo (t) 14:52, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

NowCommons: File:HackensackChurchOnTheGreen.jpg
File:HackensackChurchOnTheGreen.jpg is now available on Wikimedia Commons as Commons:File:HackensackChurchOnTheGreen.jpg. This is a repository of free media that can be used on all Wikimedia wikis. The image will be deleted from Wikipedia, but this doesn't mean it can't be used anymore. You can embed an image uploaded to Commons like you would an image uploaded to Wikipedia, in this case:. Note that this is an automated message to inform you about the move. This bot did not copy the image itself. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 04:36, 16 August 2009 (UTC)
 * File:GuttenbergTownHall.jpg is now available as Commons:File:GuttenbergTownHall.jpg. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 04:44, 16 August 2009 (UTC)
 * File:BergenCountyCourtHouse2.jpg is now available as Commons:File:BergenCountyCourtHouse2.jpg. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 05:06, 16 August 2009 (UTC)
 * File:GreystoneBuilding.jpg is now available as Commons:File:GreystoneBuilding.jpg. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 15:10, 22 August 2009 (UTC)

License tagging for File:Edisonmemorialtower.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Edisonmemorialtower.jpg. You don't seem to have indicated the license status of the image. Wikipedia uses a set of image copyright tags to indicate this information.

To add a tag to the image, select the appropriate tag from this list, click on this link, then click "Edit this page" and add the tag to the image's description. If there doesn't seem to be a suitable tag, the image is probably not appropriate for use on Wikipedia. For help in choosing the correct tag, or for any other questions, leave a message on Media copyright questions. Thank you for your cooperation. --ImageTaggingBot (talk) 23:05, 25 September 2011 (UTC)
 * hi i replaced your image here, with a licensed one from flickr, if you want images to stay, then you have to jump the deletionist's hoops. Slowking4 : 7@1|x 15:38, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

Fotos
Nice fotos you've added to NJ articles. List of Carnegie libraries in New Jersey and List of tallest buildings in Newark are two lists that would greatly enhabced with pictures if you have any or are in the neighborhood. Djflem (talk) 16:06, 27 October 2011 (UTC)

License tagging for File:MilltownIndiaRubberCompany.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:MilltownIndiaRubberCompany.jpg. You don't seem to have indicated the license status of the image. Wikipedia uses a set of image copyright tags to indicate this information; to add a tag to the image, select the appropriate tag from this list, click on this link, then click the "Edit" tab at the top of the page and add the tag to the image's description. If there doesn't seem to be a suitable tag, the image is probably not appropriate for use on Wikipedia.

For help in choosing the correct tag, or for any other questions, leave a message on Media copyright questions. Thank you for your cooperation. --ImageTaggingBot (talk) 15:05, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

File copyright problem with File:MilltownIndiaRubberCompany.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:MilltownIndiaRubberCompany.jpg. However, it currently is missing information on its copyright and licensing status. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously. It may be deleted soon, unless we can verify that it has an acceptable license status and a verifiable source. Please add this information by editing the image description page. You may refer to the image use policy to learn what files you can or cannot upload on Wikipedia. The page on copyright tags may help you to find the correct tag to use for your file. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem.

Please also check any other files you may have uploaded to make sure they are correctly tagged. Here is [ a list of your uploads].

If you have any questions, please feel free to ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thanks again for your cooperation. Stefan2 (talk) 16:14, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:Yankeespillow.jpg
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Yankeespillow.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree files because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the file's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the file description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Stefan2 (talk) 22:38, 16 April 2013 (UTC)

Notification of automated file description generation
Your upload of File:BridgeportCityHall.jpg or contribution to its description is noted, and thanks (even if belatedly) for your contribution. In order to help make better use of the media, an attempt has been made by an automated process to identify and add certain information to the media's description page.

This notification is placed on your talk page because a bot has identified you either as the uploader of the file, or as a contributor to its metadata. It would be appreciated if you could carefully review the information the bot added. To opt out of these notifications, please follow the instructions here. Thanks! Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) 14:18, 25 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Another one of your uploads, File:ChristEpiscopalChurchNewBrunswick.jpg, has also had some information automatically added. If you get a moment, please review the bot's contributions there as well. Thanks! Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) 14:39, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

Photo request
You've added lot's of great photos to Wikipedia, some of which have been in Central New Jersey. Wonder of you might have any that correspond or would be interested to create new ones for List of tallest buildings in New Brunswick. much thanks Djflem (talk) 23:01, 24 March 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:KForce


text:
User talk:Bochenn~enwiki

Bochenn is the nickname used by Leandro Henflen. Leandro Henflen is an argentinian guy who lives in the city of Río Cuarto, in the province of Córdoba. He is actually working as a freelance web designer, but that information deserves another entry in the Wikipedia.

Leandro Henflen had too many friends whom gave him many nicknames. But in the year 1999 a friend of him joined a former nickname (Bocha) with a common suffix used in the German language, the "nn" suffix. Then the nickname became "Bochenn".

Leandro Henflen comes from a family

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Bochenn. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Bochenn~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:38, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:09, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bochenn~enwiki


text: Category:Natural history of Slovenia

title: Category:Natural history of Slovenia


text:
Diyingehu

The bass gehu (低音革胡; pinyin: dīyīngéhú, ; also called digehu or beigehu 倍革胡, literally "bass gehu") is a Chinese bowed string instrument in the huqin family. It was developed by Yang Yusen along with the gehu in the 20th century. It has four strings and is the Chinese equivalent of the double bass.

title: Diyingehu


text: User talk:71.106.33.237

title: User talk:71.106.33.237


text: User talk:70.180.35.237

title: User talk:70.180.35.237


text: User talk:203.148.171.1

title: User talk:203.148.171.1


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Christian Democratic Party (USA)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. DS 22:48, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Christian Democratic Party (USA)
Self-promotion: This "party" was created by the author. Web site listed in logo and previous versions of entry is inaccessible; Whois records indicate the domain's owner is the page's author. It'd be a nice page if the party existed, but it doesn't. Tetraminoe 05:45, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as nn/vanity. MCB 06:50, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. --Apyule 08:07, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not verifiable. --Mairi 16:05, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Apyule and Mairi. ~⌈Markaci⌋ 2005-10-5 T 01:17:42 Z
 * Delete unverifiable --Alynna 04:36, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable for the time being Dinosaurdarrell 09:08, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Also make sure to remove it from Christian Democratic Party if/when deleted. -Nameneko 09:25, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Budești

Budești (Romani: Budeshti) is a small provincial town in Călărași County, Muntenia, Romania. Three villages are administered by the town: Aprozi, Buciumeni, and Gruiu. It officially became a town in 1989, as a result of the Romanian rural systematization program.

Geography
The town lies in the southwestern corner of the Bărăgan Plain, where the river Dâmbovița flows into the Argeș.

Budești is located in the western part of Călărași County, on the border with Giurgiu County. It lies at a distance of 30 km south-east of Bucharest, the capital of the country, and 77 km west of Călărași, the county seat.

Demographics
According to the 2021 census, Budești has a population of 7,126 people. It is the Romanian town with the largest proportion of Romani. As one of two urban areas where Romani make up more than 20% of the total population, Budești is also the one of two towns in Romania where the Romani language has co-official status alongside Romanian, with education, signage, and public service provided in both languages. 62% of the town's population is of Romanian ethnicity and 37.8% is of Romani ethnicity.

In terms of religion, 99.59% of the population declared themselves to be Romanian Orthodox at the 2002 census, 0.28% were Pentecostal, and 0.11% declared another religion.

Natives

 * Costică Canacheu (born 1958), politician and businessman
 * Iulică Cazan (born 1980), sports shooter
 * Marian Sârbu (born 1958), trade unionist and politician
 * Constantin Ștefănescu Amza (1875–1964), general and politician

title: Budești


text:
Pellet mill

A pellet mill, also known as a pellet press, is a type of mill or machine press used to create pellets from powdered material. Pellet mills are unlike grinding mills, in that they combine small materials into a larger, homogeneous mass, rather than break large materials into smaller pieces.

Types
There are many types of pellet mills that can be generally grouped into large-scale and small-scale types. According to the production capacity, pellet mills also can be divided into flat die pellet mill and ring die pellet mill.

Large-scale

There are two common types of large-scale pellet mills: flat die mills and ring die mills. Flat die mills use a flat die with slots. The powder is introduced to the top of the die and as the die rotates a roller presses the powder through the holes in the die. A cutter on the other side of the die cuts the exposed pellet free from the die. In the ring die there are radial slot throughout the die. Powder is fed into the inside of the die and spreaders evenly distribute the powder. Two rollers then compress the powder through the die holes. Two cutters are used to cut the pellets free from the outside of the die.

Large scale pellet mills are usually used to produce animal feed, wood pellets, and fuel pellets for use in a pellet stove.

Small-scale

Small-scale mills are usually variations of screw presses or hydraulic presses. The same basic process is used for both types. A die, also known as a mold, holds the uncompressed powder in a shaped pocket. The pocket shape defined the final pellet shape. A platen is attached to the end of the screw (in a screw press) or the ram (in a hydraulic press) which compresses the powder.

Some platens are heated to speed up the time it takes and improve the overall structure of the pellet. They may also have water ports for quick cooling between uses.

Applications
One of the more common applications is to produce KBr (potassium bromide) pellets which are used in infrared spectroscopy applications.

Animal feed pellets are usually a mixture of dry powdered feedstock, such as flour, sawdust, or grass, and a wet ingredient, such as molasses or steam. Feedstocks for pellet mills can sometimes break down and then re-form, or polymerize, under the extreme heat and pressure of the pellet mill.

title: Pellet mill


text:
Kamloops Heritage Railway

The Kamloops Heritage Railway is a heritage railway in Kamloops, British Columbia. The railway operates throughout the year running trains within Kamloops. The train is pulled by restored steam locomotive Canadian National Railway 2141, the "Spirit of Kamloops".

2141 was built in 1912 by the Canadian Locomotive Company, in Kingston, Ontario - built for the Canadian Northern Railway, prior to it being absorbed into the Canadian National Railway. She is a 2-8-0, 'Consolidation' class of steam locomotive built for branch line railways. Originally a coal burner, she was converted to burn oil in 1954, and retired from active duty in 1958. 2141 was sold to the City of Kamloops in 1961, and placed on display in Riverside Park until restoration work began in 1995. The restoration was completed in 2001, and 2141 has been working for KHR from May until December each year since. A second restoration took place from 2013 to 2015, with the engine running again in August 2015. The locomotive was featured in the movie Gold (2013)

Tickets for excursions are sold at the ticket office, located at #3-510 Lorne Street, right across from the old Kamloops railway station.

As of 2022 the Kamloops Heritage Railway was reduced to temporary static display. This was due to the increased amount of freight traffic, mainly the export of American coal through Kamloops via Canadian Pacific Railway to the Canadian National Kamloops North yard via the rail bridge over the North Thompson River.

title: Kamloops Heritage Railway


text:
Talk:First International Bahá'í Council

Officers
Were the officer roles of the first International Baha'i Council assigned by Shoghi Effendi or did the Council elect officers among themselves? --Occamy 05:46, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Merge
It seems like International Bahá'í Council is a much better name anyway, and the information is repeated in the two articles. Cuñado  -  Talk  22:27, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:First International Bahá'í Council


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Andrew Dickson

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was lack of consensus. Denelson83 08:24, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Andrew Dickson
Non-notable multi-disciplinary artist. No evidence he meets WP:BIO. Quale 05:46, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I am influenced to keep by all the festivals and large universities he has been shown at. Qaz  ( talk ) 23:41, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn, google turns up one self-referential hit. RasputinAXP   talk  *  contribs  17:59, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Relisting this for more comment. Rx StrangeLove 17:42, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep I get 36 Googles for the quite restrictive   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   18:02, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * posted by User:83.71.70.41 Broken S 18:06, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It was me all right. wiki apparently logged me out.   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   18:21, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Andrew Dickson's website at least verifies what the article says. I don't have a vote on way or the other. Jessamyn 02:13, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep per Dlyons' and Jessamyn's research. --Jacquelyn Marie 18:49, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Template:Capcom-stub

This template feeds stubs into Category:Capcom stubs.

title: Template:Capcom-stub


text: Category:Slovenian literature

title: Category:Slovenian literature


text:
David P. Schmitt

David P. Schmitt is a personality psychologist who founded the International Sexuality Description Project (ISDP). The ISDP is the largest-ever cross-cultural research study on sex and personality. Over 100 psychologists simultaneously administered an anonymous self-report survey to 17,837 individuals representing 56 different nations, 6 continents, 13 islands, and 30 languages. Direct assessments of people's personality traits and sexual behaviors have led to innovative tests of evolutionary psychology and social role theory. A second wave of the ISDP is currently underway and includes measures of subjective well-being, social dominance, sexual aggression, rape attitudes, HIV risk, and psychopathy.

David Schmitt also blogs in Psychology Today

Publications

 * Schmitt, D.P. (2005). Sociosexuality from Argentina to Zimbabwe: A 48-nation study of sex, culture, and strategies of human mating. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28, 247–311.
 * Schmitt, D.P., Alcalay, L., Allensworth, M., Allik, J., Ault, L., Austers, I., et al. (2004). Patterns and universals of adult romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions: Are models of self and of other pancultural constructs? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 367–402.
 * Schmitt, D.P., Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Angleiter, A., Ault, L., Austers, I., et al. (2004). Patterns and universals of mate poaching across 53 nations: The effects of sex, culture, and personality on romantically attracting another person's partner. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 560–584.
 * Schmitt, D., et al. (2003). Universal sex differences in the desire for sexual variety: Tests from 52 nations, 6 continents, and 13 islands. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 85–104.
 * Schmitt, D.P, Shackelford, T.K., Duntely, J., Tooke, W., Buss, D.M., Fisher, M.L., Lavallee, M., & Vasey, P. (2002). Is there an early-30s peak in female sexual desire? Cross-sectional evidence from the United States and Canada. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 11, 1–18.

title: David P. Schmitt


text:
Vampire Junction

Vampire Junction is a horror novel by Thai writer S. P. Somtow, published in 1984. It is the first in a series about Timmy Valentine, a 12-year-old rock star who is actually a 2,000-year-old vampire. Unpublished for many years and rejected by over two dozen publishers, the novel uses a novel narrative technique inspired by the rapid intercutting of MTV music videos, and features a high level of the imagery from "splatter" films. Later, the book was published by Berkley/Ace and Tor Books, and has remained in print ever since.

The novel was voted one of the "forty all-time greatest horror books" by the Horror Writers Association. It has currently been reissued by Diplodocus Press. S. P. Somtow has written two sequels to Vampire Junction, Valentine and Vanitas.

title: Vampire Junction


text:
Paul Wendkos

Abraham Paul Wendkos (September 20, 1925 – November 12, 2009) was an American television and film director.

Early life and education
Wendkos was born in Philadelphia to parents Simon Wendkos and Judith Wendkos.

Wendkos served in World War II in the United States Navy and went to Columbia University on the G.I. Bill. Paul made his first feature, a documentary on a school for the blind called Dark Interlude in 1953.

Columbia Pictures
Wendkos' first feature film was The Burglar. His fluid camera technique caught the attention of the head of Columbia Pictures, Harry Cohn, who not only wished to distribute the film but put Wendkos under contract.

Wendkos directed episodes of Playhouse 90 then did The Case Against Brooklyn (1958) for producer Charles Schneer at Columbia. He directed a TV movie for Columbia about Jesse James, Bitter Heritage (1958) and episodes of Behind Closed Doors (1958).

Wendkos directed another for Schneer, the war movie Tarawa Beachhead (1958). He had a massive hit with the teen film Gidget (1959) starring Sandra Dee, Cliff Robertson and James Darren. Face of a Fugitive (1959) was a Western for Schneer, and Battle of the Coral Sea (1959) was a war movie with Robertson.

Wendkos went back to TV for Five Fingers, Tightrope, Law of the Plainsman, Alcoa Theatre, Two Faces West, and Route 66.

He returned to Columbia for two youth movies with Darren and Michael Callan, Because They're Young (1960) and Gidget Goes Hawaiian (1961). He did a drama, Angel Baby (1961) with George Hamilton, then made Gidget Goes to Rome (1962).

Wendkos later directed episodes of Ben Casey, Dr. Kildare, The Rifleman, Mr. Novak, Honey West, The Big Valley, I Spy, and The Invaders. He also directed the pilot for the original Hawaii Five-O. When Wendkos worked on I Spy, he was dismissed from the production when the producers deemed the episodes he had filmed to have been too "arty".

In 1968 Wendkos signed a five-picture contract with Mirisch Productions, beginning with the war films Attack on the Iron Coast and Hell Boats, followed by two westerns set in Mexico (but filmed in Spain), Guns of the Magnificent Seven and Cannon for Cordoba. He also made the first and only feature film for Quinn Martin, The Mephisto Waltz.

Later career
From 1970 until his retirement in 1999, Wendkos specialized in made-for-television movies—one of these was The Taking of Flight 847: The Uli Derickson Story (1988), based on a TWA hijacking in 1985. It picked up five Emmy nominations, including one for Wendkos. He also directed 90-minute episodes of the James Stewart legal drama and murder mystery series Hawkins, which aired on an every-third-week basis as part of the CBS "wheel series" The New CBS Tuesday Night Movies.

Personal life
Wendkos married Ruth Bernat on March 1, 1953, and had one son, Jordan Elkan Wendkos. Ruth died in June 1978. In 1984, Wendkos married Lin Bolen, former NBC vice president and producer; they lived in Malibu, California until his death.

Wendkos was ill for several years following a stroke. He died on November 12, 2009, in Malibu. He was survived by his son, Jordan, granddaughter, Justine Wendkos, and his wife, Lin Bolen Wendkos.

Additional sources

 * The American Cinema: Directors and Directions 1929–1968, by Andrew Sarris
 * The American Vein: Directors and Directions in Television by Christopher Wicking and Tise Vahimagi (Talisman Books (England) / E.P. Dutton (United States), 1979)

title: Paul Wendkos


text: Template:Konami-stub

title: Template:Konami-stub


text: Template:SquareEnix-stub

title: Template:SquareEnix-stub


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Super atallia

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:41, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Super atallia
Non notable band (with 10 songs) failing WP:MUSIC. -- ( ☺ drini ♫ | ☎ ) 05:50, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Also lookup The Denizens and End of Days (Band)which curiously have the exact same members and content. -- ( ☺ drini ♫ | ☎ ) 06:11, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

JUST TELL ME HOW TO MAKE IT ACCEPTABLE FOR YOU GUYS! END OF DAYS IS IN THE SAME SITUATION AS US AND THEY GET A WIKIPEDIA LISTING! WHAT DO I NEED TO DO? tvlkinghevds@hotmail.com KEN — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.182.133.108 (talk • contribs) 05:59, 3 October 2005
 * Delete. -- As per nomination, formed earlier this year, no website, no Google hits. Ben D. 05:53, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Fails WP:MUSIC   — Kjammer  ⌂  05:57, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * EOD changed their name to the denizens like a week ago We have a website _KEN_ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Superatallia (talk • contribs) 06:22, 3 October 2005

 * Ken, if you want an article, please go get famous first, then come back. Xoloz 06:23, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes. When you do become notable, you are more than welcome to having an article here. --FuriousFreddy 06:35, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Click on the WP:Music link at the top of the page. It is a roadmap for how to get included here as a band. Qaz  ( talk ) 23:44, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete band vanity. Xoloz 06:23, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete band vanity. --FuriousFreddy 06:35, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, band vanity. — J I P | Talk 09:14, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as with all these others failing WP:MUSIC. Mallocks 12:33, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

How do you all you fools have so much time as to look for sites on wikipedia to be deleted? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.37.14.33 (talk • contribs) 03:15, 6 October 2005 ouch... taste it wikipedia
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Midnight Sons

The Midnight Sons are a fictional team of supernatural superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Including Ghost Riders Danny Ketch and Johnny Blaze, Blade, and Morbius, the original team first formed as part of the Rise of the Midnight Sons story arc, culminating in the first full team appearance in Ghost Rider (vol. 3) #31 (cover dated November 1992). Following the success of the crossovers, Marvel branded all stories involving the group with a distinct family imprint and cover treatment, which lasted from December 1993 to August 1994. The team has been revived several times with different characters, but the most frequent members include Morbius, Blade, and at least one Spirit of Vengeance.

Publication history
The original Midnight Sons appeared in several 1990s multi-issue crossovers of Marvel's supernatural titles. The first, "Rise of the Midnight Sons," launched several books in the Midnight Sons line, including Morbius (September 1992), Darkhold: Pages from the Book of Sins (October 1992), and Nightstalkers (November 1992). The team consisted of "the Nine": Blade, Morbius, Danny Ketch (as a Ghost Rider), John Blaze (as a human), Frank Drake, Hannibal King, Vicki Montesi, Louise Hastings, and Sam Buchanan.

The group appeared in the nine-issue anthology comic book Midnight Sons Unlimited, which ran from April 1993 to May 1995 and tied into the crossover events.

Their final crossover was the seventeen-part "Siege of Darkness" which ran from December 1993 to January 1994. It was featured in two consecutive issues of each Midnight Sons title as well as four issues of Marvel Comics Presents (#143-146), and two issues of Doctor Strange, a title that was newly included in the line. It was advertised with an eight-page insert in several comics in October, November, and December 1993. According to the text of the advertisement, written by Jeffrey Lee Simmons. "For the first time in the history of Marvel, one of our family groups is getting its own distinct family imprint and cover treatment. On the outside of the books, this means all titles in the family will share a new cover symbol, the Midnight Sons dagger as well as similar cover treatments. Inside, the Midnight Sons titles will have stronger continuity, making for a more exciting, tightly knit sub-section of the Marvel Universe."

The advertisement also claimed the Midnight Sons was the "first distinct family group."

"Siege of Darkness," however, marked the cancellation of Darkhold: Pages from the Book of Sins, and the Midnight Sons brand did not last much longer. Nightstalkers only lasted three more issues. A Blade and Blaze series failed to catch interest. The Midnight Sons logo was eventually dropped from the remaining titles, cover-dated September 1994, although Morbius, Blade, Blaze, Doctor Strange, Ghost Rider (vol. 3), Marvel Comics Presents and the final three issues of Midnight Sons Unlimited continued on under the normal Marvel logo.

The Marvel Edge imprint debuted in 1995, incorporating some of the same ongoing titles as Midnight Sons, including Doctor Strange: Sorcerer Supreme and Ghost Rider.

In 2009, a different incarnation of the team was featured in Marvel Zombies 4 after being teased in Marvel Zombies 3. More like the Legion of Monsters than a traditional Midnight Sons line-up, this team included Morbius, Daimon Hellstrom, Jennifer Kale, Werewolf by Night, and Man-Thing. The Hood briefly assisted. The story was loosely continued in Punisher: Frankencastle and Legion of Monsters.

An unnamed team similar to the Midnight Sons appeared in the 5-issue Spirits of Vengeance series in 2017 by Victor Gischler and David Baldeón. This series featured Johnny Blaze, Daimon Hellstrom, Blade, and Satana.

In February 2017, Moon Knight artist Greg Smallwood expressed interest in a revamped version of the Midnight Sons, featuring a team composed of Moon Knight, Blade, Ghost Rider, Doctor Strange, Punisher, Daimon Hellstrom, Jennifer Kale and Hannibal King. Although this never came to pass, Smallwood did contribute variant covers for Doctor Strange: Damnation by Donny Cates, Nick Spencer, and Rod Reis, which featured another modern Midnight Sons team: Wong, Blade, Doctor Voodoo, Elsa Bloodstone, Johnny Blaze, Moon Knight, Iron Fist, Scarlet Spider, and Man-Thing.

In 2022, a new limited series was released, entitled Midnight Suns. The 5-issue miniseries was written by Ethan Sacks with art by Luigi Zagaria. While not directly connected to the Midnight Suns video game of the same year, the two concurrent versions featured loose similarities in both name and roster. The comic team featured Blade, Kushala the Spirit Rider, Magik, Wolverine, and Nico Minoru.

Shortly after, Marvel announced another miniseries in 2024. Coming from writer Bryan Hill and artist Germán Peralta, Midnight Sons: Blood Hunt will tie into Marvel's summer-long Blood Hunt event. Along with the return of the classic name, the book is also expected to feature most of the original Midnight Sons together again for the first time since 1994. The cast so far is confirmed to include Blade, Johhny Blaze, Danny Ketch, and Victoria Montesi.

Rise of the Midnight Sons
The team was formed by Ghost Riders, Danny Ketch and Johnny Blaze after Ghost Rider received a vision in which he learned that Lilith, Mother of All Demons (not Dracula's daughter, another Marvel character of the same name) was being resurrected and posed a great threat. She planned to use her demon children, the Lilin, to take over Earth. Though Lilith had many children, she had four children who were very loyal to her. Their names were Pilgrim, Nakota, Meatmarket, and the most powerful of the four, Blackout, Ghost Rider's old enemy (Blackout was not an actual child of Lilith originally, but rather a grandchild. He was later killed and Lilith gave birth to Blackout along with her other children, thus indeed making him one of her actual children). Though she would have a lot more of her children to help her, the rest had forsaken Lilith. After she was imprisoned, many of the Lilin were either scattered or killed. Those who were scattered forgot the ways of Lilith and moved on with their lives, except Lilith's most faithful servants.

The team consisted of the Nightstalkers (Eric Brooks / Blade, Frank Drake and Hannibal King), Morbius, the Living Vampire, the Spirits of Vengeance (Danny Ketch / Ghost Rider, Johnny Blaze / Ghost Rider, and later Michael Badilino / Vengeance), and the guardians of the Darkhold, the Darkhold Redeemers (Sam Buchanan, Victoria Montesi, Louise Hastings, and later Modred the Mystic and Jinx). While secretly assembling the team and the sub-teams within, from behind the scenes, Doctor Strange didn't officially join the team until the Siege of Darkness storyline.

Midnight Massacre
The second major meeting between the Midnight Sons occurred when Blade, with a page from the Darkhold, became the demonic creature Switchblade. He killed most of the Midnight Sons, subsequently taking on the power and weapons of each. He was finally stopped when Louise Hastings used a counter spell from the Darkhold.

Siege of Darkness
The "Siege of Darkness" consisted of two subsequent stories in which the Midnight Sons fought groups connected with the two major villains, Lilith and Zarathos. In the first story arc, covers were black with vague outlines, and the Midnight Sons fought the Lilin who were invading the earth in a mysterious smoke emanating from Cypress Hills Cemetery. Lilin included in this arc include Bad Timing, Martine Bancroft, Blackout, Dark Legion, Meatmarket, Nakota, Outcast, Pilgrim, Sister Nil, Stonecold, and Bloodthirst, who was possessing Morbius. In the second story arc, covers featured a dripping blood design, and the Midnight Sons fought The Fallen, a group loyal to Zarathos. The Fallen include Atrocity, Embyrre, Metarchus, Patriarch, and Salomé.

The Lilin
At the beginning of the story, Ghost Rider and Blaze tell The Nightstalkers, The Darkhold Redeemers, and Morbius that they have killed Lilith and Zarathos. The Nightstalkers, who are skeptical, investigate but find mist containing Lilin now emanating from Cypress Hills Cemetery. As the other Midnight Sons join the fight, they discover that, instead of killing Lilith and Zarathos, Ghost Rider and Blaze have opened a portal to Shadowside where the Lilin had been exiled. They split into two groups, one led by Ghost Rider and one led by Morbius. Caretaker, Doctor Strange and Vengeance also join the fight. Caretaker claims Zarathos is more powerful and they must protect the Medallion of Power. Doctor Strange teleports Ghost Rider's group to his Sanctum Sanctorum. They find out from some Lilin that Morbius' team has a traitor. The team following Morbius, which includes Louise Hastings, hide out in one of Morbius' old labs. Louise Hastings finds out Morbius has been infected by Lilin blood, and Morbius secretly kills her. Morbius has been taken over by the Lilin Bloodthirst. He then requests entry into Doctor Strange's Sanctum Sanctorum. Unaware that Morbius has been possessed, Doctor Strange allows him to enter which allows other Lilin to follow. Doctor Strange convinces Morbius to fight the control of Bloodthirst. Doctor Strange then casts a spell that causes the Sanctum Sanctorum to explode. The Spirits of Vengeance then confront Lilith and Zarathos in Cypress Hills Cemetery and use the Medallion of Power to send Lilith and the Lilin back to Shadowside. The Medallion of Power disappears.

The Fallen
After Lilith is exiled, it appears as if a group called The Fallen, loyal to Zarathos, has returned from exile. The Fallen are an offshoot of The Blood, the group to which Caretaker belongs. The Fallen left The Blood to follow the wizard Zarathos. The Fallen quickly beat the Midnight Sons and take Caretaker captive. The Midnight Sons regroup at The Nightclub, and Caretaker sends a message that The Fallen plan to recruit or kill surviving members of The Blood. The Midnight Sons then find James Raydar, Patriarch and Truthsayer with varying degrees of success; Patriarch joins Zarathos, Truthsayer is killed by Modred, and James Raydar joins the Midnight Sons along with Embyrre, Raydar's daughter and one of The Fallen who turns against Zarathos when she sees Morbius' nobility. Meanwhile, Victoria Montesi finds out that she has been impregnated with Chthon. Doctor Strange helps her just as he is being attacked by Salomé, one of The Fallen, who claims she is the rightful Sorceress Supreme. Doctor Strange disappears into another dimension and places Victoria Montesi in a mystical stasis. In his place appears Strange, a mystical construct Doctor Strange based loosely on himself. Strange joins the rest of the Midnight Sons in the fight against The Fallen. Ghost Rider confronts Zarathos one on one, and Ghost Rider is apparently destroyed and his power absorbed into Zarathos. The Midnight Sons then fight Patriarch, Metarchus, and Atrocity to a standstill, and the Fallen retreat. Caretaker reveals that there is one more member of The Blood they have not contacted, Foundry. The Midnight Sons track down Foundry who gives them a sword called Justiciar. She claims it must be tempered in her own blood and sacrifices herself. Blade then uses Justiciar to kill Patriarch, Metarchus, and Atrocity with the help of the other Midnight Sons. They believe the destruction of The Fallen will weaken Zarathos. They attack Zarathos directly. Embyrre and James Raydar also attack and are killed. Ghost Rider, whose spirit was absorbed by Zarathos, now apparently attacks him from within and Blade stabs Zarathos with Justiciar. Zarathos, with the sword through his chest, turns to stone. Johnny Blaze, Vengeance, Morbius, Blade, Hannibal King, Strange, and Caretaker then go through a ceremony in which they are branded with the symbol of the flaming dagger. Caretaker says they have become the successors to the original 'Order of the Midnight Sons'. This brand is placed on the arms of all the members of the new team aside from Frank Drake, a member of the Nightstalkers and a human descendant of Dracula and the Ghost Rider who had apparently been destroyed. Drake was disallowed from taking the brand due to his relative normalcy compared to the other members who were supernaturally afflicted and destined to be outsiders. He was allowed, however, to be an associate member.

Marvel Zombies
A new Midnight Sons team is sanctioned by A.R.M.O.R., a government agency that monitors and polices alternate realities from Earth-616. The team is chosen by Morbius, who enlists Daimon Hellstrom, Jennifer Kale, and Werewolf by Night to contain the zombie virus outbreak from further spreading into the 616 universe. The team makes a brief appearance at the end of Marvel Zombies 3 and fully appears in Marvel Zombies 4. Man-Thing and the Hood join the team later in the series.

Damnation
During the Damnation storyline, Wong and the ghost of Doctor Strange's dog Bats assembled Blade, Doctor Voodoo, Elsa Bloodstone, Ghost Rider, Moon Knight, Iron Fist, Scarlet Spider and Man-Thing to form the third incarnation of the Midnight Sons so that they could help Doctor Strange fight Mephisto's forces in Las Vegas.

Midnight Suns
Some time later, a new version of the team was brought together when Strange Academy student Zoe Laveau projected a vision to supernatural characters across the Marvel Universe. Featuring Blade, Kushala, Magik, Wolverine, and Nico Minoru, the series also included prominent appearances by characters such as Agatha Harkness, Clea Strange, and Doctor Doom.

Midnight Sons: Blood Hunt
The original Midnight Sons reunite to fight a large scale vampire invasion during the Blood Hunt event with the vampire invasion being led by Blade. They end up figuring out that Blade is possessed by Varnae.

Crossovers

 * Rise of the Midnight Sons (1992)
 * Ghost Rider (vol. 3) #28 (Part 1)
 * Ghost Rider/Blaze: Spirits of Vengeance #1 (Part 2)
 * Morbius: The Living Vampire #1 (Part 3)
 * Darkhold: Page from the Book of Sins #1 (Part 4)
 * Nightstalkers #1 (Part 5)
 * Ghost Rider (vol. 3) #31 (Part 6)

 * Prelude to Midnight Massacre (1993)
 * Nightstalkers #7 (Part 1)
 * Morbius: The Living Vampire #10 (Part 2)
 * Nightstalkers #8 (Part 3)
 * Nightstalkers #9 (Part 4)
 * Morbius: The Living Vampire #11 (Part 5)

 * Midnight Massacre (1993)
 * Nightstalkers #10 (Part 1)
 * Ghost Rider (vol. 3) #40 (Part 2)
 * Darkhold: Page from the Book of Sins #11 (Part 3)
 * Morbius: The Living Vampire #12 (Part 4)
 * Ghost Rider/Blaze: Spirits of Vengeance #13 (Part 5)

 * Road To Vengeance: Missing Link (1993)
 * Ghost Rider (vol. 3) #41 (Part 1)
 * Ghost Rider/Blaze:Spirits of Vengeance #14 (Part 2)
 * Ghost Rider (vol. 3) #42 (Part 3)
 * Ghost Rider/Blaze: Spirits of Vengeance #15 (Part 4)
 * Ghost Rider (vol. 3) #43 (Part 5)
 * Ghost Rider/Blaze: Spirits of Vengeance #16 (Part 6)

 * Siege of Darkness (1993)
 * Nightstalkers #14 (Part 1)
 * Ghost Rider (vol. 3) #44 (Part 2)
 * Marvel Comics Presents #143 (Part 3)
 * Darkhold: Page from the Book of Sins #15 (Part 4)
 * Morbius: The Living Vampire #16 (Part 5)
 * Marvel Comics Presents #144 (Part 6)
 * Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme #60 (Part 7)
 * Ghost Rider/Blaze: Spirits of Vengeance #17 (Part 8)
 * Silver Sable and the Wild Pack #19 (optional)
 * Nightstalkers #15 (Part 9)
 * Ghost Rider (vol. 3) #45 (Part 10)
 * Marvel Comics Presents #145 (Part 11)
 * Darkhold: Page from the Book of Sins #16 (Part 12) - final issue of the series
 * Morbius: The Living Vampire #17 (Part 13)
 * Marvel Comics Presents #146 (Part 14)
 * Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme #61 (Part 15)
 * Ghost Rider/Blaze: Spirits of Vengeance #18 (Part 16)
 * Midnight Sons Unlimited #4 (Part 17)

 * Marvel Zombies 4 (2009)
 * Marvel Zombies 4 #1 (Part 1)
 * Marvel Zombies 4 #2 (Part 2)
 * Marvel Zombies 4 #3 (Part 3)
 * Marvel Zombies 4 #4 (Part 4)

 * Damnation (2018)
 * Damnation #1 (Part 1)
 * Doctor Strange #386 (tie-in)
 * Damnation #2 (Part 2)
 * Doctor Strange #387 (tie-in)
 * Scarlet Spider #15 (tie-in)
 * Damnation #3 (Part 3)
 * Iron Fist #78 (tie-in)
 * Scarlet Spider #16 (tie-in)
 * Johnny Blaze: Ghost Rider #1 (tie-in)
 * Doctor Strange #388 (tie-in)
 * Iron Fist #79 (tie-in)
 * Iron Fist #80 (tie-in)
 * Scarlet Spider #17 (tie-in)
 * Damnation #4 (Part 4)
 * Doctor Strange #389 (epilogue)

 * Midnight Suns (2022)
 * Midnight Suns #1 (Part 1)
 * Midnight Suns #2 (Part 2)
 * Midnight Suns #3 (Part 3)
 * Midnight Suns #4 (Part 4)
 * Midnight Suns #5 (Part 5)

 * Blood Hunt (2024)
 * Midnight Sons: Blood Hunt #1 (Part 1)
 * Midnight Sons: Blood Hunt #2 (Part 2)
 * Midnight Sons: Blood Hunt #3 (Part 3)

Collected editions

 * Rise of the Midnight Sons (Ghost Rider (vol. 3) #28, 31; Spirits of Vengeance #1, Morbius: The Living Vampire #1, Darkhold #1, Nightstalkers #1)
 * Marvel Zombies 4 (Marvel Zombies 4 #1-4)
 * Doctor Strange: Damnation The Complete Collection (Damnation #1-4, Johnny Blaze: Ghost Rider #1, Doctor Strange #386-389, Iron Fist #78-80, Ben Reilly: Scarlet Spider #15-17)
 * Midnight Suns (Midnight Suns #1-5)

In other media
The Midnight Sons, renamed Midnight Suns, appear in Marvel's Midnight Suns. This version of the team has existed since the 17th century, with Ghost Riders as prominent members throughout the various iterations of the team and the Scarlet Witch as a former member. In the present, the Caretaker enlists the Hunter, Nico Minoru, Blade, Magik and Robbie Reyes to join forces with the Avengers and stop Lilith and Hydra.

title: Midnight Sons


text:
Tullamareena

Tullamareena (or Tullamarine, Dullamarin) was a senior man of the Wurundjeri, a Koori, (Aboriginal) people of the Melbourne area, at the time of the  British settlement in Victoria, Australia, in 1835. He is believed to have been present at the signing of John Batman's land deal in 1835. He was known to have been a resistor to British occupation of Wurundjeri lands. He was described by the Reverend George Langhorne, an early Port Phillip missionary as "a steady, industrious man".

On 25 April 1838, Tullamareena was arrested for stealing potatoes from John Gardiner's property in Hawthorn. During his imprisonment he escaped and as a consequence burnt down the first Melbourne gaol along with his friends Moonee Moonee and Jin Jin. William Lonsdale, the first Police magistrate of Melbourne wrote in a letter to the colonial secretary on 26 April 1838:

"...I was at first apprehensive that some of the blacks had set the gaol on fire...for the purpose of liberating the three who were confined, but to ascertain what I could on this point, I went as soon as I was satisfied that the stores and prisoners were temporarily disposed of after their being taken from the buildings, into the different camps of blacks, of which there were three in the neighbourhood... Describing how the gaol was set fire to, he says that the other black who was confined with him got a long piece of reed which he thrust through an opening in the partition between the place where he was confined in and the guard room, and after lighting the reed by the guard's candle he drew it back and set fire to the thatch roof. The two blacks got off but one was afterwards retaken, viz. Jin Jin. This affair is much to be regretted, keeping up as it undoubtedly will the public alarm and agitation regarding the blacks."

Tullamareena was later recaptured and sent for trial in Sydney by ship. His trial was terminated when it was established he was unable to understand English. He was set free more than 700 km from his home and no records indicate further colonial contact. It is told in Sunbury that upon release he walked back all the way home - to the region around Tullamarine and placed a spell on the land near Tullamarine Airport.

He has a Melbourne suburb, its airport and the freeway named after him.

title: Tullamareena


text: Template:Sega-stub

title: Template:Sega-stub


text:
Zhongruan

The zhongruan is a Chinese plucked string instrument. The zhongruan has a straight neck with 24 frets on the fingerboard and 4 strings. It is usually played with a plectrum (guitar pick). It can also be played with fingers (index finger and thumb with acrylic nails), which is similar to the way of playing the pipa (琵琶). The zhongruan is a tenor-ranged instrument in the family of ruan (阮). In ancient China, the ruan was called Qin pipa (Qin [Dynasty] pipa, 秦琵琶) or Ruan xian (阮咸). Now the ruan has expanded to different sizes and the zhongruan is the "medium" one.

Use
The default tuning of zhongruan is G$2$ D$3$ G$3$  D$4$. It can also be tuned as G$2$ D$3$ A$3$  E$4$, or A$2$ D$3$  D$3$  D$4$ , or other variants, according to requirements in music scores. Since the zhongruan has a rounded, calm and rich tone, it is usually played as a lead instrument in small ensembles and used to accompany other instruments in Chinese orchestra. It can also be played solo.

Construction
A good quality zhongruan is usually made of rosewood (紅木). For the best sound quality and visual appearance, it is made of red sandalwood (紫檀木), because red sandalwood is best known for its beautiful wood grain, unique purplish color, hardness and rareness. Therefore, a red sandalwood made zhongruan is heavier and more expensive.

The lute head (琴頭) is for decoration. Three common decorative patterns are ruyi (如意, good fortune), peony and dragon. They are usually made of plastic or ivory.

Under the lute head is a pegbox (弦軸箱) with tuning pegs (琴栓) that hold the strings. The pegs are usually made of wood or buffalo horn. Nowadays, most zhongruans have tuning machine heads (弦鈕) instead of a peg box, since they make it easier to tune. There are some makers that still use the traditional peg box system but coupled with fine tuners at the tailpiece.

The strings (弦) were made of silk in the old times. The number of strands of silk determined the thickness of the string. Nowadays, metal wound polymer strings are used.

A nut (山口) is placed between the pegbox and the neck to secure the strings. It is usually made of plastic, buffalo bone or ivory.

The neck (琴頸) connects the lute head and the body. It has a fingerboard (指板) and 24 frets (品). The frets are usually made of plastic, buffalo bone, wood and metal (copper). For a good quality zhongruan, the frets are made of a combination of plastic and copper, or wood and copper, with the metal part inlaid at the top of each fret. In combining two materials, the frets last without damaging from long-time practice.

The circular sound box (共鳴箱) body is made of a combination of front board, back board and side board. There are two sound holes (音孔) on the front board to transmit sound. Some common shapes for the sound holds are circle, moon, S, and bird.

At the lower part of the body, a bridge (琴碼) is placed to support the strings and transmit vibration.

At the bottom of the body is a tailpiece (縛弦) to anchor the strings.

Note that the frets on all Chinese lutes are high so that the fingers never touch the actual body—distinctively different from western fretted instruments. This allows for a greater control over timbre and intonation than their western counterparts, but makes chordal playing more difficult.

Some Zhongruan music pieces

 * Zhongruan - NENU - CPMT 3.jpg playing in a concert in Torrent, Land of Valencia.]]《滿江紅》 The River All Red (zhongruan concerto)
 * 《雲南回憶》Reminiscences of Yunnan (zhongruan concerto)
 * 《睡蓮》 Water Lily (zhongruan solo)
 * 《絲路駝鈴》 Camel Bells of the Silk Road (zhongruan solo)
 * 《孤芳自賞》Narcissistic (zhongruan solo)
 * 《火把節之夜》 The Night of the Torch Festival (zhongruan solo)
 * 《倒垂簾》The Turned Over Curtain (zhongruan solo)
 * 《中阮摇滚》, also named《男人的刀》Zhong Ruan Rock N' Roll (zhongruan solo)
 * 《山歌》Folk Song (zhongruan solo)
 * 《天地之間》 Between the Sky and the Land (zhongruan duet)

Composers and performers
Performers:
 * 张思安 Djang San (inventor of the electric zhongruan)
 * Jan Linton (western and Chinese style CD releases)
 * 刘波 Liu Bo
 * 沈非 Shen Fei
 * 潘宜彤 Dabby Pan
 * 吳強 Wu Qiang
 * 张蓉晖 Zhang Ronghui (新加坡华乐团 Singapore Chinese Orchestra)
 * 阮仕春 Ruan Shichun
 * 陈素敏 Tan Su-Min, Clara
 * 饶思名 Rao Si-Ming, Jonathan
 * 魏蔚 Wei Wei
 * 苗晓芸 Miao Xiaoyun, tenor and bass ruan, pipa
 * 刘星 Liu Xing
 * 张鑫华 Zhang Xinhua
 * 徐陽 Xu Yang
 * 罗彩霞 Lo Chai Xia
 * 魏育茹 Wei Yuru

Composers:
 * 张思安 Djang San (inventor of the electric zhongruan)
 * 苏涵达 Tommy Su Handa
 * 林吉良 Lin Jiliang
 * 吳俊生 Wu Junsheng
 * 劉星Liu Xing
 * 寧勇Ning Yong
 * 王仲丙 Wang Zhongbing

title: Zhongruan