text:
Eastern Front (Sudan)

The Eastern Front (الجبهة الشرقية) is a coalition of rebel groups operating in eastern Sudan along the border with Eritrea, particularly the states of Red Sea and Kassala. The Eastern Front's Chairman is Musa Mohamed Ahmed. While the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) was the primary member of the Eastern Front, the SPLA was obliged to leave by the January 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement that ended the Second Sudanese Civil War. Their place was taken in February 2004 after the merger of the larger Beja Congress with the smaller Rashaida Free Lions, two tribal based groups of the Beja and Rashaida people, respectively. The Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), a rebel group from Darfur in the west, then joined.

Demands
Both the Free Lions and the Beja Congress stated that government inequity in the distribution of oil profits was the cause of their rebellion. They demanded to have a greater say in the composition of the national government, which has been seen as a destabilizing influence on the agreement ending the conflict in Southern Sudan. The Eastern Front was strengthened after 17 Beja rioters were killed by police in Port Sudan in late January 2005 and angry young Beja men began to join rebel camps in Eritrea. The Eritrean government in Asmara supported the Eastern Front apparently in retaliation for Sudanese support to the Eritrean Islamist factions. Meanwhile, the JEM has formed an alliance with the Eastern Front and moved troops into the region apparently in an attempt to position itself as a national movement, rather than one limited to its Darfur homeland. The Eastern Front also demand the liberation of Hala'ib Triangle from Egyptian occupation and its restitution to Sudanese sovereignty, as was the case prior to the 1990s.

Sudanese government response
The Eastern Front had threatened to block the flow of crude oil, which travels from the oil fields of the south-central regions to outside markets through Port Sudan. A government plan to build a second oil refinery near Port Sudan was also threatened. The government was reported to have three times as many soldiers in the east to suppress the rebellion and protect vital infrastructure as in the more widely reported Darfur region. There were also rumors that the government is considering unleashing militias, similar to the Janjaweed of the Darfur conflict, against the Rashaida and Beja.

Peace talks and agreement
The Eritrean government in mid-2006 dramatically changed their position on the conflict. From being the main supporter of the Eastern Front they decided that bringing the Sudanese government around the negotiating table for a possible agreement with the rebels would be in their best interests. The International Crisis Group suggests this is because they want to avoid any conflict on their Sudanese border in case of war with Ethiopia. They were successful in their attempts and on 19 June 2006, the two sides signed an agreement on declaration of principles. This was the start of four months of Eritrean-mediated negotiations for a comprehensive peace agreement between the Sudanese government and the Eastern Front, which culminated in signing of the Eastern Sudan Peace Agreement on 14 October 2006, in Asmara.

The agreement covers security issues, power sharing at a federal and regional level, and wealth sharing in regard to the three Eastern states Kassala, Red Sea and Al Qadarif. It also established an Eastern Sudan States Coordinating Council to enhance coordination and cooperation between the three states.

On 8 January 2011 the Federal Alliance of Eastern Sudan (FAES), a splinter group of the former rebel Eastern Front, merged with the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM).

title: Eastern Front (Sudan)


text: File:Frances Cluett.jpg

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Frances Cluett.jpg


text:
Abdullah Kamel Abdullah Kamel Al Kandari

Abdullah Kamel Abdullah Kamel Al Kandari (born 17 September 1973) is a citizen of Kuwait, who was held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba.

Press reports
On 12 July 2006, the magazine Mother Jones provided excerpts from the transcripts of a selection of the Guantanamo detainees. The article informed readers: "More than a dozen detainees were cited for owning cheap digital watches, particularly 'the infamous Casio watch of the type used by Al Qaeda members for bomb detonators.'" The article quoted Al Kandari, and three other watch owners: "When they told me that Casios were used by Al Qaeda and the watch was for explosives, I was shocked... If I had known that, I would have thrown it away. I'm not stupid. We have four chaplains [at Guantanamo]; all of them wear this watch."

One of Abdullah Kamel's lawyers, Kristine A. Huskey told Newsday that:

Meetings with attorneys
According to an article in Marie Claire magazine, Kristine A. Huskey was one of Abdullah Kamel's attorneys. Huskey described her surprise upon first meeting with Guantanamo clients, like Abdullah Kamel, that they preferred food brought from Guantanamo fast food outlets to the Arabic delicacies she and her colleagues had brought from the Continental US. Abdullah Kamel's favorite was a cheese pizza from the base's Pizza Hut.

Al Odah v. United States
Abdullah Kamel Abdullah Kamel Al Kandari was among the eleven captives covered in the July 2008 "Petitioners' Status Report" filed by David J. Cynamon in Al Odah v. United States on behalf of the four remaining Kuwaiti prisoners in Guantanamo. Seven other prisoners were amalgamated to the case, which charged that none of the men had been cleared for release, even though the government had completed factual returns for them—and those factual returns had contained redacted sections.

The decision, striking down the Military Commissions Act, was handed down on June 12, 2008.

Repatriation
The Washington Post reported, on 10 September 2006, that Al Kandari would be returned to Kuwait soon. The Emir of Kuwait personally requested Al Kandari's release, and that of another Kuwaiti man named Omar Rajab Amin.

Acquittal confirmed
On 29 May 2007, the Miami Herald reported that a Kuwaiti appeals court had upheld the acquittals of Al Kandari and Omar Rajab Amin.

The McClatchy interview
On 15 June 2008 the McClatchy News Service published articles based on interviews with 66 former Guantanamo captives. McClatchy reporters interviewed Abdulla Kamel al Kandari. The McClatchy report said that Thomas Wilner, his lawyer, went to the secure facility, to review the classified evidence that prompted the additional allegations on the Summary of Evidence memos prepared for his Administrative Review Board hearings. Lawyers for the captives have to go through a security clearance first. And there was one location they could travel to review classified evidence.

The report said that Wilner found no evidence in the classified dossier to back up the new allegations.


text:
Falaba

Falaba is a rural town in Solima chiefdom, Falaba District in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. The population of Falaba is largely from the Yalunka, Kuranko and couple of Mandingo ethnic groups. Falaba is virtually all Muslim and it is known for its deeply religious Muslim population. Farming is the major economic activity in Falaba.

History
As the capital of Solimana, Falaba was a fortress town on the rich trading routes to the western coast of Africa. It was visited in 1822 by Alexander Gordon Laing, and in 1869 by William Winwood Reade; and was thus deemed nominally British.

In 1884, Mandinka conqueror Samori joined the king of Kaliere in attacking Solimana, then under the rule of Manga Sewa. After Samori's general N'fa Ali destroyed a number of surrounding villages, the Mandingo forces began a five-month siege of Falaba itself. With the city's residents starved nearly to death, Manga Sewa could not bear the starvation of his people and for the mere fact that he was being compromised by their neighbouring villages he vow never to surrender himself to Samouri's army, so he decided to go into the gunpowder house to commit suicide by lighting it up, his wife said she would not sleep with any other man beside her husband (Manga Sewa), his Yaeliba (a person who sing and praises Kings and great people) also decided to join him in the gunpowder thus saying he would not praise any other King, so they both entered the Falaba gunpowder magazine and lit a torch, simultaneously killing himself and breaching Falaba's walls. Falaba was then briefly assimilated into Samori's Wassoulou Empire; following Samori's own fall several years later, it was reclaimed by the British.

The Anglo-French treaty of 1895 left the town without an affluent hinterland, and the colonial administrative post was moved from Falaba to Kabala. As a result, Falaba declined after 1895. Falaba was situated approximately thirty miles north-east of Kabala.

Destruction
Reports indicate that fighting in Falaba during the Sierra Leone Civil War of the 1990s caused most people to flee the town. In a press report of May 27, 1998, one witness said "the towns of Falaba, Sinkunia, Musaia-Mongo Bendugu, Krubonia, Bafodia and Yiffin had all been partly or totally destroyed" 1. The roads and bridges into Fabala were also almost totally destroyed, and the town very severely damaged, according to a post-war damage survey. An air survey in 2001 reported Falaba as a "village" 2.

R.M.S. Falaba
The British R.M.S. Falaba, a West African steamship, was hit and sunk by a U-boat torpedo in 1915. It was the first passenger ship sunk during World War I. Leon Thrasher, an American citizen, died on the Falaba, and his body was found after the Lusitania sank (Thrasher incident).

title: Falaba


text: User talk:68.77.23.240

title: User talk:68.77.23.240


text: Category:Society of Hungary

title: Category:Society of Hungary


text:
Talk:The Urbz: Sims in the City

Exclusive Features?
I remember that each console version had it's own special exclusive feature. On the PS2, you could use the EyeToy to put a picture of yourself in the game. Does anyone know the XBOX/GCN features? Manmonk 17:51, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

I know that the Gamecube's special feature is connectivity with the Gameboy Advance. Don't know anything about the Xbox's features though. Wanderingshadow 1:17, 9 December 2005 (Easterm)

Clarification
I would like any willing writer knowledgable of the game to clarify the following passages in the The Urbz: Sims in the City section:

*Adding furniture - At each apartment, the player will be asked to spend a certain amount of money on furniture. This will unlock a different pet each time.

"Pet" is not defined.

*Build Reputation - In each neighborhood, the character will need to build up reputation. First, the character needs enough to get into the neighborhood's club.

The passage "the character needs enough" is not well defined; it is unknown if it is money, items or skills that is needed to gain access to the clubs.

* Use a Powermove  - As one makes friends, the character will earn power moves. Each is unique to a certain neighborhood. As one progresses, it becomes necessary to use powermoves on certain computer characters.

The powermove is not defined. It is unknown what a powermove does, or the effects of using one.

* Tag an Object  - After becoming friends with a certain character, one is required to tag certain objects.

Like the powermove, little is defined about the use of tags thereafter and the objects that are to be tagged. ╫ 25 ring-a-ding 12:53, 9 December 2005 (UTC) ╫

 * Did everything except Tag an Object because I really don't remember that goal very well. Manmonk 03:03, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

Port to PC?
I believe this has not been announced or hinted at in any way. Furthermore, there are not even rumours of this port going around in the Sims community. Can anyone verify this? More importantly, can someone remove or grant me permission to remove this section? --Funnykidrian 04:55, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

Did anyone play Sims 2 for PS2? There is a reference to Urbz in it. You have to look around with the metal detector. If you find Urbz, the Sim throws it on the ground, and stomps on it.

GBA and DS version
Should we include information for the GBA and the DS version? The areas and goals are completly different than the console version.--Irish rover 00:27, 28 August 2006 (UTC) Yes! Fanboy And Chum Chum (talk) 02:11, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

Black eyed pea's music
does anybody know which songs from them are in Urbz? I dont see in the article "THROUGH FIRE, JUSTICE IS SERVED!" 07:41, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

Revered to old version
I edited the article back to an older version as the whole gameplay section was revered by 71.108.68.165. 86.142.194.161 (talk) 17:33, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

Multiplayer
I just got hold of The Sims 2 & The Urbz for both XBOX 1 & PS 2. I can confirm that there is 2-player, split-screen option for both The Sims 2 & The Urbz on both XBOX 1 & PS 2. It's quite cool, runs smooth and fast and each player can control a different Sim and even mess about and interact with each other.

The Sims: Bustin' It Out PS2 has "Online Weekend" which is the PSN online multiplayer option. XBOX Bustin' It Out doesn't have this online feature.

The graphics on the XBOX is far more crisper and sharper than PS2.

Anyway, I will upload YouTube videos for proof and link them in later.Andwan0 (talk) 10:35, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

Direct connection
In the Game Boy Advance version, the main character sometimes speaks of "returning to the farm", which is a reference to the first Sims adventure game (where the farm is a starting point). So, "The Urbz" is a direct sequel to "Bustin' Out". Yura87 (talk) 11:37, 12 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Urbz: Sims in the City


text:
User:Duncharris/playbox

Please DO NOT edit this page; discuss on the talk page first. Thanks. Dunc|☺ 23:29, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

There is a current problem with playing sounds. I have therefore devised a playbox which is here on the right. If it looks like an image box, that's because basically it is.

There are three columns each with a link and a button (which we'll have to get these made to look pretty but these placeholders are okay for the moment):
 * 1) Indicates whether it is a sound file or a video file, e.g. be a copy of http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/icons/fileicon-ogg.png for ogg file. Clicking the link or icon takes you through to the image description page and more data about the file.
 * 2) Clicking on the second play icon plays/downloads the file.
 * 3) For help because these files are quite complicated.

The caption goes beneath the box, as with pictures.

There are also a few formatting issues that needs to be sorted out as all of it ought to be blue and there are white lines where the table is. I'm also not sure that the text and the icons are required, maybe just the icons with alt text would suffice.

Still, neat, eh?

temporary fix
template:soundbox, should produce something similar.

title: User:Duncharris/playbox


text: Template:User eu-4

title: Template:User eu-4


text:
Noble Patron of Armor Award

The Noble Patron of Armor award is the top award given to supporters of the Army's mounted force by the United States Armor Association of the United States Army.

History
In 1986 the United States Armor Association began an awards program to honor the very best of America's tankers and troopers. The Noble Patron of Armor award program provides the mounted force with a way to recognize outstanding supporters of the Armor Force, while the Saint George Award recognizes members of the mounted force and the Order of St. Joan D'Arc Medallion is awarded to spouses selected to receive these honors.

Recipients

 * Major General Richard “Dick” Chegar, AUS (ret.)
 * Don Stivers
 * Mary Preston
 * CPT Joshua D. Bourdo
 * Michael Shon McGuire
 * Texas State Representative Tony Dale
 * SGT Trevor Hillard (Australian Army)
 * MSGT Kevin B Warren, 108th Cav
 * Mr. Lawrence Jaramillo OPS GRP
 * SGT Keicelyn Pastores (U.S. Army)
 * John P Dougherty (DA Civilian)
 * SSG Joshua C. Leppo
 * SSG Carmen A. Sanchez

title: Noble Patron of Armor Award


text:
Portal:Current events/October 2005

October 2005 was the tenth month of that common year. The month, which began on a Saturday, ended on a Monday after 31 days.

Portal:Current events
This is an archived version of Wikipedia's Current events Portal from October 2005.

title: Portal:Current events/October 2005


text: User talk:70.48.11.11

title: User talk:70.48.11.11


text:
Captaincy General of Chile

The General Captaincy of Chile (Capitanía General de Chile ), Governorate of Chile, or Kingdom of Chile, was a territory of the Spanish Empire  from 1541 to 1818 that was, initially, part of the Viceroyalty of Peru. It comprised most of modern-day Chile and southern parts of Argentina in the Patagonia region. Its capital was Santiago de Chile. In 1810 it declared itself independent, with the Spanish reconquering the territory in 1814, but in 1818 it gained independence as the Republic of Chile. It had a number of Spanish governors over its long history and several kings.

Name
The Captaincy General of Chile was incorporated to the Crown of Castile as were all the other Spanish possessions in the New World. The Captaincy General of Chile was first known as New Extremadura (a name subsequently given to a part of Mexico) and then as Indian Flanders. Benjamin Vicuna Mackena noted that Chile has always been officially and unofficially the Kingdom of Chile. In the XVI century Pedro Marino de Lobera, “Corregidor de Valdivia”, 1575 wrote the Chronicles of the Kingdom of Chile. Other publications of the XVI, XVII and XVIII centuries confirm the name and/or status of what is known as the Kingdom. However, although the status of kingdom was officially used and recognised in Court the jurisdiction of the kingdom was still under Spanish control for most of its existence, later it became a republic.

The administrative apparatus of the Captaincy General of Chile was subordinate to the Council of the Indies and the Laws of the Indies, like the other Spanish colonial possessions. The day-to-day work was handled mostly by viceroys and governors, who represented the king in the overseas territories. The areas of the Americas, which had been the site of complex civilizations or became rich societies were usually referred to by the Spanish as "kingdoms".

Exploration and conquest
In 1536 Diego de Almagro formed the first expedition to explore the territories to the south of the Inca Empire, which had been granted to him as the Governorship of New Toledo. After Almargo's death, Pedro de Valdivia solicited and was granted in 1539 the right to explore and conquer the area with Francisco Pizarro's approval. Valdivia founded the city of Santiago del Nuevo Extremo and a few months later its cabildo (municipal council) appointed him governor and Captain General of New Extremadura on June 11, 1541. Other cities founded during Valdivia's administration were Concepción in 1550, La Imperial in 1551, Santa María Magdalena de Villa Rica and Santa María la Blanca de Valdivia in 1552, and the following year Los Confines and Santiago del Estero on the eastern side of the Andes. In 1553 Valdivia also founded a series of forts for protection of the settled areas: San Felipe de Araucan, San Juan Bautista de Purén and San Diego de Tucapel. After Valdivia's death that same year, these last forts, Villarica and Concepcion were lost. they were recovered following the war with Lautaro and Caupolicán. Following the defeat of the Mapuche by García Hurtado de Mendoza, settlements continued to grow and more cities were founded: Cañete de la Frontera on the site of the former Fort San Diego de Tucapel and Villa de San Mateo de Osorno in 1558, San Andrés de Angol in 1560, Ciudad de Mendoza del Nuevo Valle de La Rioja in 1561, San Luis de Loyola Nueva Medina de Rioseco and San Juan de la Frontera in 1562, and Santiago de Castro in 1567. Martín García Óñez de Loyola founded a last city south of the Bio Bio River, Santa Cruz de Coya, in 1595.

Collapse of southern Chile

A Mapuche revolt was triggered following the news of the battle of Curalaba on the 23 of December 1598, where the vice toqui Pelantaru and his lieutenants Anganamon and Guaiquimilla with three hundred men ambushed and killed the Spanish governor Martín García Óñez de Loyola and nearly all his companions.

Over the next few years the Mapuche were able to destroy or force the abandonment of seven Spanish cities in Mapuche territory: Santa Cruz de Coya (1599), Santa María la Blanca de Valdivia (1599), San Andrés de Los Infantes (1599), La Imperial (1600), Santa María Magdalena de Villa Rica (1602), San Mateo de Osorno (1602), and San Felipe de Araucan (1604).

17th century: Consolidation of the kingdom
In the 17th century, the Spanish overseas territory of Chile saw a rearrangement of its population center. While in the 16th century, most of the cities founded by the Spanish were located from Bio-Bio southward, with only Santiago, La Serena and some transandine cities located north of it, in the 17th century, Spanish authority and settlements were abandoned down south of Bío-Bío Region. The kingdom went from being a gold exporter with potential for expanding to the Strait of Magellan to being one of the Spanish Empire's most problematic and poor in natural resources. The Spanish Empire had to divert silver from Potosí to finance a standing army in Chile to fight in the Arauco War. Since the raids of Francis Drake in Chilean waters more seaborne assaults followed in the 17th century, mostly from Dutch corsairs. The Spanish Empire's attempts to block the entrance to the Pacific Ocean by fortifying the Straits of Magellan were abandoned after the discovery of Hoces Sea, focusing then on fortifying the coastal cities of Chile, a tactic that later was proven to be more affordable and effective in combating piracy while keeping the area under Spanish rule.

Political history
As noted, the area had been designated a governorship (gobernación) during the initial exploration and settlement of the area, but because the local Amerindian peoples demonstrated fierce resistance, a more autonomous, military-based governmental authority was needed. Thus, the governor was given command of the local military and the title of captain general. This arrangement was seen in many places of the Spanish Empire.

The greatest setback the Spanish settlements suffered was the Disaster of Curalaba in 1598, which nearly wiped them out. All cities south of the Biobío River with the exception of Castro were destroyed. The river became La Frontera the de facto border between Spanish and Native areas for the next century. (See Arauco War.)

Chile lost an important part of its territory with the Bourbon reforms of Charles III, the territories of the city of Mendoza and San Juan from the province of Cuyo were transferred to the domain of the newly created Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata in 1776. Chile gained two intendancies, Santiago and Concepción in 1786 and became a Bourbon-style Captaincy General in 1789.

Societal groups
The Chilean colonial society was based on a caste system. The Criollos (American born Spaniards) enjoyed privileges like the ownership of encomiendas (Indian labor jurisdictions) and were allowed limited access to government and administrative positions such as corregidor or alférez. Mestizos made up initially a small group, but with time grew to become a majority in Chilean society becoming more numerous than native indigenous peoples. Mestizos were not a homogeneous group and were judged more by appearance and education than by actual ancestry. Native peoples experienced the most discrimination among societal groups in colonial Chile; many of them were used as cheap labor in encomienda, causing their numbers to decrease over time due to disease. Pehuenches, Huilliches and Mapuches living south of La Frontera were not part of the colonial society since they were outside the de facto borders of Chile. Black slaves made up a minority of the population in colonial Chile and had a special status due to their high cost of import and maintenance. Black slaves were often used as housekeepers and other posts of confidence. Peninsulares, Spaniards born in Spain, were a rather small group in late colonial times, some of them came as government officials and some other as merchants. Their role in high government positions in Chile led to resentment among local criollos. Mixing of different groups was not uncommon although marriage between members of the different groups was rare.

During late colonial times new migration pulses took off leading to large numbers of Basque people settling in Chile mingling with landowning criollos, forming a new upper class. Scholar Louis Thayer Ojeda estimates that during the 17th and 18th centuries fully 45% of all immigrants in Chile were Basques.

Sex and marriage
Native indigenous peoples in colonial society appeared, to the average Catholic Spaniard, to be somewhat liberal in their approach to sexual relationships.

16th century Spaniards are known to have been pessimistic about marriage. Many of the initial conquistadores left their own families behind in Spain and started new relationships in Chile. Examples of this is Pedro de Valdivia who held Inés de Suárez as a common law wife while in Chile. Adultery was explicitly forbidden for Catholics and the Council of Trent (1545–1563) made the climate prone for accusations of adultery. Over the course of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries marital fidelity increased in Chile.

Chilean Antarctica in colonial times

For many years, cartographers and European explorers speculated about the existence of the Terra Australis Incognita, a vast territory located in the south of the Strait of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego and reached the South Pole.

The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed on June 7 of 1494, set the areas of influence of Spain and Portugal, west and east, respectively, of a line running from pole to pole that was never demarcated (at 46° 37 'W in the Spanish classical interpretation, and further west, according to the Portuguese interpretation), so the Antarctic areas claimed by Chile today, while still unknown at that time, fell within the control of Spain. The treaty, backed by the papal bull Ea quae pro bono pacis in 1506 was made mandatory for all Catholic countries, was not recognized by European non-Catholic states and even by some that were, like France. For Britain, Dutch, Russia and other countries, the Antarctic areas were considered res nullius, a no man's land not subject to the occupation of any nation.

In 1534, The Emperor Charles V divided in three governorates the South American territory :
 * New Castile or Peru to Francisco Pizarro,
 * New Toledo or Chile to Diego de Almagro and
 * New León or Magellanic Lands for Simón de Alcazaba y Sotomayor, which was subsequently extended to the Straits of Magellan.

In 1539, a new governorate was formed south of New León called Terra Australis to Pedro Sanchez de la Hoz. In 1554, the conqueror Pedro de Valdivia, who led the Governorate of Chile, he talked to the Council of the Indies to give the rights of New León and the Terra Australis to Jeronimo de Alderete, which, after the death of Valdivia the following year, became governor of Chile and annexed the Chilean colonial territory.

Proof of this are numerous historical documents, among which include a Royal Decree of 1554: "Because it was personally consulted, we will grant, to the Captain Jeronimo de Alderete the land across the Magellan Strait"

Later, in 1558, the Royal Decree of Brussels it prompted the Chilean colonial government to take ownership in our name from the lands and provinces that fall in the demarcation of the Spanish crown in Referring to the land across the Strait, because at that time it was thought that Tierra del Fuego was an integral part of the Terra Australis.

One of the most important works of Spanish literature, the epic poem La Araucana by Alonso de Ercilla (1569), is also considered by Chile as favorable to their argument, as you can read in the seventh stanza of his Canto I:

"Is Chile North South very long, new sea coast of the south called; will from East to West of wide one hundred miles, so wider taken, under the Antarctic Pole height twenty-seven degrees, prolonged until the sea Ocean and Chilean mix their waters within narrow."

In the fourth stanza of his Canto III:

"This was the one who found the sections Indians of Antarctic regions."

There are also stories and maps, both Chilean and Europeans, indicating the membership of the Terra Australis Antarctica as part of the Captaincy General of Chile.

The Spanish navigator Gabriel de Castilla sailed from Valparaiso in March 1603 in command of three ships in an expedition entrusted by his brother cousin viceroy of Peru, Luis de Velasco y Castilla, to repress the incursions of Dutch privateers in the Southern Seas, reaching 64 degrees south latitude. There have not founded in the Spanish archives documents confirming the reached latitude and sighted land; however, the story of the Dutch sailor Laurenz Claesz (is a testimony dateless, but probably after 1607), documents the latitude and time. Claesz said:

"Sailed under the Admiral don Gabriel of Castile with three ships along the coasts of Chile towards Valparaiso, and from there to the strait. In March of 1603 he reached 64 degrees and they had a lot of snow there. In the following April they returned back to the coast of Chile"

Another Dutch document, published in Amsterdam in three languages in 1622, says that at 64°S there are "very high and mountainous, snow cover, like the country of Norway, all white, land It seemed to extend to the Solomon Islands" This confirms a previous sighting of the lands would be the South Shetland Islands.

Other historians attribute the first sighting of Antarctic land to the Dutch marine Dirk Gerritsz, which would have found the islands now known as South Shetland. According to his account, his ship was diverted from course by a storm after transposing the Strait of Magellan, in the journey of a Dutch expedition to the East Indies in 1599. There are doubts about the veracity of Gerritsz.

At this time was already known the existence of a white continent in south of the Drake Passage, separated from the Tierra del Fuego. In 1772, the British James Cook circumnavigated the waters of the Southern Ocean. which was granted to Pedro Sancho de la Hoz

title: Captaincy General of Chile


text:
Economy of Toronto

The economy of Toronto is the largest contributor to the Canadian economy, at 20% of the national GDP, and an important economic hub of the world. Toronto is a commercial, distribution, financial and industrial centre. It is Canada's banking and stock exchange centre and is the country's primary wholesale and distribution point. Ontario's wealth of raw materials and hydroelectric power have made Toronto a primary centre of industry. The metropolitan area of Greater Toronto produces more than half of Canada's manufactured goods. The economy of Toronto has had a GDP growth rate of 2.4 percent annually since 2009, outpacing the national average. Toronto's population was 3.025 million people as of 2022, while the population of the Toronto census metropolitan area was 6.47 million during the same year.

History
Toronto is located on a crossroads dating back to aboriginal times with excellent harbours with many rivers. The economy grew based on the settlement of Ontario. During the late 19th century, Toronto became the centre of railways and the supplier of goods to Ontario. Its status as a political centre gave it some stability during periods of economic uncertainty. Toronto saw a large boom after World War II when immigrants, especially from war-decimated Europe, chose the area to settle. Manufacturing, notably automotive manufacturing, grew to supply the population growth.

Toronto grew at a faster rate than the other great centre of Canada at the time, Montreal, and surpassed it in the 1970s. Shipping by water was instrumental in Toronto's early growth, but this has diminished to the point where the harbour is lightly used by industry. The area around Pearson Airport, the country's busiest airport, has become one of the largest industrial areas.

Further growth in the Toronto area is often attributed to the rise of Quebec separatism, though the extent of its influence is still contested by some, who argue that its effect was exaggerated by the English media. During the 1970s, the Quebec Liberal Party and the Parti Québécois enacted a series of French-language laws, which were perceived as unfavourable towards English-language businesses (especially multinational corporations, whose markets extended far beyond Quebec's borders) and English-speaking Montrealers. Some of the former (including the Bank of Montreal) and a number of the latter subsequently relocated to Toronto, where French proficiency is not a necessity for business or employment.

Much of Toronto's manufacturing sector has moved to outlying suburbs in the Greater Toronto Area, seeking lower land costs and land for expansion. This is not a new trend; it has been present for over 100 years. Early suburbs, such as West Toronto, developed for industry and were later engulfed by the expansion of the City of Toronto. West Toronto once had a large stockyard, which has moved well north of the city. Much of the older industrial land has been converted into new residential neighbourhoods, supporting loft and condominium development and the industrial concerns have moved further away. The sector remains a large employer, employing 25,000 directly.

Toronto itself has diversified into service-based industries. It is the centre of the Anglophone media industry in Canada, the advertising industry, the entertainment industry, the fashion industry, the communication and technology industry, the pharmaceutical industry, the retail industry and the centre of the financial industry in Canada. The area is a large site of computer software development. Toronto has also become the site of many headquarters of companies, which have their primary activities elsewhere, such as mining and real estate, which need to stay close to the centre of finance. As Toronto developed, it has also developed its tourism industry, developing attractions such as the Toronto Eaton Centre, Rogers Centre, Scotiabank Arena, Roy Thomson Hall, Art Gallery of Ontario, Royal Ontario Museum, Ripley's Aquarium and most notably the CN Tower, though it is also a communications tower.

Finance
As the country’s commercial and financial hub and one of the largest financial centres in the world as per the British Global Financial Centres Index, Toronto hosts the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX), the third largest stock exchange in the Americas by market capitalization and ninth in the world as of January 31, 2015. In the 2020 Global Financial Centres Index, Toronto was ranked as having the 31st most competitive financial center in the world (third in Canada after Vancouver and Montreal). The financial service sector, including banks and insurance companies, account for about 20% of Toronto's economy. Toronto was the first North American exchange to employ decimal pricing, and one of the first in the world to use a fully computerized system. The world's first exchange-traded fund (ETF) was listed in the exchange in 1990. The TSX is the world's largest exchange for the mining, oil and gas industry, the leader in cleantech listings, and is second in North America in the number of technology companies listed. Toronto is the fastest growing financial center in North America and the second largest in North America, after New York City and Chicago, with approximately 205,000 staff in the Canada's biggest banks and brokerages. In 2008, Forbes Magazine named Toronto the 10th most economically powerful city in the world, ahead of Madrid, Philadelphia and Mexico City.

The Financial District in Toronto centers on Bay Street, the equivalent to Wall Street in New York. The city hosts the headquarters of all five of Canada's largest banks, Royal Bank of Canada, Toronto-Dominion Bank, Scotiabank, Bank of Montreal and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, and was ranked as the safest banking system in the world between 2007 and 2014 the World Economic Forum. Toronto's economy has seen a steady boom in growth thanks to a large number of corporations relocating their Canadian headquarters into the city, and Canada's growing cultural significance. Resulting in a number of companies setting up shop in Toronto.

The city's budget for the fiscal year 2019 was $11.559 billion and is funded primarily by property taxes (the net budget) totaling $4.398 billion.

Media and entertainment
Toronto is one of the centres of Canada's film and television industry, due in part to the lower cost of production in Canada. The city's streets and landmarks are seen in a variety of films, mimicking the scenes of American cities such as Chicago and New York. The city provides a diversity of settings and neighbourhoods to shoot films, with production facilitated by Toronto's Film and Television Office.

Toronto is home to major film studios such as Pinewood Toronto Studios, Cinespace Film Studios and Revival 629. While the surrounding region has seen the arrival of new production spaces such as CBS Stages Canada and Markham Movieland.

A major new film studio, Filmport, started construction in 2006, with the first phase opening in March 2008 and the second phase in 2010, and features the largest sound stage in North America, at 4000 m2. The city also hosts the annual Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), one of the largest in North America, as well as Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, the largest such festival in the continent.

Toronto's film industry has extended beyond the Toronto CMA into adjoining cities such as Hamilton and Oshawa.

As well as numerous film production spaces, Toronto is also home to the headquarters of many media and entertainment corporations. Bell Media, Rogers Communications, Corus Entertainment and Canadian Broadcast Corporation are some of the media corporations that call the city home.

Technology
Toronto is a large hub of the Canadian and global technology industry, generating $52 billion in revenues annually. In 2017, Toronto tech firms offered almost 30,000 jobs which is higher than the combination of San Francisco Bay area, Seattle and Washington, D.C. The area bound between the Greater Toronto Area, the Kitchener-Waterloo region and the City of Hamilton was termed a "digital corridor" by the Branham Group, a region highly concentrated with technology companies and jobs similar to Silicon Valley in California. It is the third largest center for information and communications technology in North America, coming in behind New York City and Silicon Valley, with over 168,000 people and 15,000 companies working in the Toronto technology sector alone. Toronto is also home to a large startup ecosystem. In 2013, the city was ranked as the 8th best startup scene in the world and 3rd when it came to performance and support.

The region has also emerged as the Canada's largest biotechnology cluster, with over 50% of the country's life sciences companies based in the area. Toronto's biotech industry is centered around the Discovery District, a 2.5 km2 area of the downtown core hosting a number of large hospitals, leading research institutions, and the MaRS buildings.

Tourism
Toronto is home to a sprawling and diverse commercial infrastructure. The Toronto Eaton Centre is the primary tourist attraction in Toronto, with over 47 million visitors per year. Other commercial areas that receives many tourists include the PATH network, which is the world's largest underground shopping complex and the eclectic Kensington and St. Lawrence Market. The Mink Mile and Yorkville neighbourhood is one of the most elegant shopping and dining districts in Toronto. Along Queen Street East, Toronto's biggest camera stores can be found there. Big-box stores are not generally found in downtown Toronto, but the suburbs have many large malls, big-box stores, as well as specialty stores, for example, stores selling discount fashions and lighting nearby Orfus Road close to Yorkdale Shopping Centre.

The fashion district is located near King and Spadina, close to the old Chinatown to the north and entertainment district to the east. Sunday shopping in Toronto first got its start in the fashion district in the 1980s.

St. Lawrence Market is a large, historic vendors market with an open air section in summer selling fresh locally grown produce. Kensington Market also has an outdoor vendor section located close to Chinatown.

The city itself has many large and unique malls and shopping centers, such as CF Sherway Gardens and Fairview Mall. Shopping in Toronto has become a large draw for tourists, with, for example, the Eaton Center being designated as a tourist attraction in the 1980s. Toronto and its immediate area also boasts many large ethnic shopping malls, the largest of which is Pacific Mall in Markham, catering to the area's large Chinese population.

The Toronto Islands are a major tourist draw, attracting people for the beauty of the scenery, the ban of private motor vehicles on the islands outside of the airport, and proximity to downtown Toronto. As well, the CN Tower, Casa Loma, Toronto's theater and musicals as well as Yonge-Dundas Square, Ripley's Aquarium of Canada are magnets for tourists.

Toronto boasts a wide variety of different high-end cuisines, because of its cultural diversity. It is the most multicultural city in the world based on percentage of residents being foreign born and has ethnic enclaves from many parts of the world, including Little Italy, Chinatown, Koreatown, and Greektown. It has recently become noted for the availability of quality restaurants.

Toronto is home to a number of major league sports and is home to professional sports teams including the Toronto Argonauts, Toronto Blue Jays, Toronto FC, Toronto Maple Leafs, Toronto Raptors, and the Toronto Wolfpack. Major sporting events that take place in Toronto annually include the Canadian Open for tennis, Honda Indy Toronto, and the Toronto Waterfront Marathon. The Canadian Open for golf has also been held in Toronto on 20 occasions, the last in 2010 at the St. George's Golf and Country Club. Although five golf courses in Toronto have hosted the Canadian Open in the past, St. George's Golf and Country Club is the only golf course in Toronto that remains in the Canadian Open's rotation of venues. The city also boasts a number of major sporting facilities such as Scotiabank Arena, Rogers Centre and BMO Field.

Real Estate & Construction
Home to a variety of large commercial and residential real estate developers as well as construction, engineering and architectural firms, real estate and construction is a major component of Toronto's economy. In 2016 real estate and construction directly accounted for 18% of Toronto's economy.

Major commercial property developers and managers include companies such as Brookfield Properties, Oxford Properties and Cadillac Fairview. With a well established condominium construction industry, Toronto is a major North American centre for multi-unit residential construction.

Corporate headquarters based in Toronto
Half of the largest companies in Canada are headquartered in the Greater Toronto Area as of 2013. A number of major corporations are based in the city, including Manulife Financial, TD Canada Trust, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, Royal Bank of Canada, Scotiabank, Bank of Montreal, Celestica, Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, Rogers Communications, and many others. Many other companies are also based in the Greater Toronto Area outside of the city limits, such as BlackBerry, IBM Canada, General Motors, Magna International and Walmart Canada.

Several companies with their Canadian headquarters located in Toronto include:

 * Apple Canada (communications & media)
 * Ubisoft Toronto (video games & technology)
 * ASUS (electronics)
 * BMG Music Canada (media)
 * Coca-Cola Company (non-alcoholic beverages)
 * Citibank Canada (financial service)
 * Google Canada (communications and media)
 * Intel (electronics)
 * McDonald's Canada (fast food restaurants)
 * Marriott International (hotelier)
 * Microsoft Canada (communication & media)
 * Nordstrom (retail)
 * SAP SE Canada (communication and media)
 * Sirius Canada (satellite radio)
 * Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada (automaker)
 * XM Radio Canada (satellite radio)

Several companies with their global headquarters located in Toronto include:
 * Brookfield Asset Management (property management)
 * Celestica (communication & media)
 * Cinespace Film Studios (entertainment)
 * Cookie Jar Group (entertainment)
 * Entertainment One (communication & media)
 * Fairmont Hotels and Resorts (hotelier)
 * Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts (hotelier)
 * George Weston Limited (food production)
 * Hudson's Bay Company (retailer)
 * McClelland & Stewart (media-publisher)
 * Manulife Financial (insurance and financial services)
 * Nortel (communication & media)
 * Nelvana (entertainment)
 * Oxford Properties (property management)
 * Porter Airlines (airline)
 * Rogers Communications (communications & media)
 * Onex Corporation (private equity and investment firm)
 * Restaurant Brands International (hospitality)
 * Sunwing Airlines (airline)
 * Thomson Reuters (media)

title: Economy of Toronto


text:
User:PryItOpen

Basic stuff
I'm still learning formatting and all that, but for now, here's some very basic information:

Name: Chris Birthdate: May 11th, 1989 Location: A small tumor on Florida, USA.

interests
I need to figure out how I want to write this section before actually filling it out.

My edits
Hey look, none yet. I'm still figuring out how this whole thing works. Eventually, though.

title: User:PryItOpen


text:
People's Liberation Army (disambiguation)

The People's Liberation Army is the military of the People's Republic of China. It may also refer to:

Africa

 * Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF) is the people’s army of Ambazonia, former British Southern Cameroons fighting a self defense campaign to restore independence.
 * Azanian People's Liberation Army, the armed wing of the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania during the Apartheid years
 * People's Liberation Army of Namibia, the armed forces of SWAPO during the Namibian national liberation struggle
 * Sahrawi People's Liberation Army, the army of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and the armed wing of the Polisario Front that also struggles for national liberation
 * South Sudan People's Defence Forces (formerly the Sudan People's Liberation Army), the armed forces of the South Sudan.

Asia

 * People's Liberation Army (Myanmar), armed wing of the Communist Party of Burma
 * People's Liberation Army of Kurdistan (ARGK), the armed wing of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)
 * People's Liberation Army, Nepal, the armed wing of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
 * People's Liberation Army of Manipur, separatist armed group fighting for an independent state of Manipur, a state in northeastern India
 * Pathet Lao, officially called the Lao People's Liberation Army starting in 1965
 * People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (India), the armed wing of the Communist Party of India (Maoist)
 * People's Liberation Army of Turkey (THKO), a left-wing group founded in 1970. Several splinter-groups have used versions of the name:
 * People's Liberation Army of Turkey – United Struggle
 * People's Liberation Army of Turkey – Revolutionary Path of Turkey

Europe

 * Irish National Liberation Army, sometimes went under the name of People's Liberation Army
 * Yugoslav Partisans (officially known simply as the "People's Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia"), the anti-fascist resistance army in Yugoslavia, led by Josip Broz Tito
 * ELAS (abbreviation of Greek People's Liberation Army), the anti-fascist resistance army in Greece

Middle East

 * People's Liberation Army (Lebanon), the armed wing of the Progressive Socialist Party (PSP)

South America

 * Popular Liberation Army, the armed wing of the Communist Party of Colombia (Marxist–Leninist)


text:
User:Schlurcher

Please see: User:Schlurcher (German Wikipedia)

title: User:Schlurcher


text:
Stephen Bayley

Stephen Paul Bayley (born 13 October 1951) is a Welsh writer and critic, known particularly for his commentary on architecture and design. He was founding CEO of the Design Museum in London in 1989, and has been a regular architecture, art and design critic for newspapers such as The Listener, The Observer and The Spectator.

Childhood and education
Bayley was born on 13 October 1951 in Cardiff, Wales and spent his childhood years in Liverpool, England, attending Quarry Bank High School for Boys. He was inspired by Liverpool's architecture and its built environment. When Bayley was 15, he wrote a letter to John Lennon, who had also attended Quarry Bank as a teenager. Bayley's description of his English teacher analysing Beatles lyrics in class helped to inspire "I Am the Walrus".

He was later educated at Manchester University and the University of Liverpool School of Architecture, where his mentor was the historian and conservationist Quentin Hughes, whose obituary he wrote in The Guardian, 16 May 2004.

Career
In the 1970s, he was a lecturer in the history of art at the University of Kent. He first became prominent as an authority on style and design when, in 1979, he began a collaboration with Habitat founder Sir Terence Conran to promote a more intelligent awareness of design. This led to the creation of The Boilerhouse Project, at the Victoria and Albert Museum, which became London's most successful gallery of the 1980s. The Boilerhouse Project was Britain's first permanent exhibition of design, host to more than 20 exhibitions in five years, including Ford Motor Company, Sony, Issey Miyake, Coca-Cola, and Taste. The Boilerhouse evolved into a unique Design Museum of which Bayley was the founding CEO, and which was opened by Margaret Thatcher in 1989.

He was appointed as the creative director of the exhibition at the Millennium Dome in Greenwich. After a series of disputes, he resigned in 1998, citing ministerial interference. On his resignation, he said of the dome that "it could turn out to be crap", and accused government minister Peter Mandelson of "running the project like a dictator".

Writing
In 2007, Bayley became The Observer's architecture and design correspondent. He writes for a huge range of national and international consumer, trade and professional publications including: The Spectator,  The Times, The Independent, The Daily Telegraph, Sud Deutsches Zeitung, GQ, Car, Financial Times, Vanity Fair, and Octane. He has been a contributing editor of GQ since the magazine was launched. He has been a columnist in The Times and The Independent, as well as the art critic of The Listener and the architecture critic of The Observer.

he was design critic of The Spectator.

Television
His 1980 BBC2 documentary Little Boxes was the first treatment of design on television. It was produced by Patrick Uden and included unique interviews with Dieter Rams, Ettore Sottsass, Raymond Loewy, and Tom Wolfe.

He has also appeared on television series such as Have I Got News for You and Grumpy Old Men.

Recognition
In 1989, Bayley was made a Chevalier de L'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, France's top artistic honour, by the French Minister of Culture and in 1995 he was Periodical Publishers Association Columnist of the Year.

He is an Honorary Fellow of the RIBA, a Honorary Fellow of the University of Wales, Chairman of The Royal Fine Arts Commission Trust, and a Fellow of Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts.

The American author and journalist Tom Wolfe said of him, "I don’t know anybody with more interesting observations about style, taste and contemporary design".

Opinions
In an article for The Times in 2018, Bayley wrote that if Lord Elgin had not removed the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon, they would have been eventually destroyed due to a combination of war and natural decay. Bayley also argued against their repatriation to Greece.

In his Observer column of 22 March 2009, Bayley claimed wrongly that: "Botticelli's model for The Birth of Venus was a common Florentine hooker called Simonetta Vespucci, painted nude to titillate his client". He was arguing against the motion that: "Britain has become indifferent to beauty" proposed by Roger Scruton and David Starkey, who held an image of The Birth of Venus next to an image of the British supermodel Kate Moss, in order to demonstrate how "cruddy" British culture is.

Personal life
As of 2008 he lived in a house in South West London house with his wife, Flo, and their two children, Bruno and Coco. After living there for 25 years, he said that the house was still not finished.

Selected publications

 * In Good Shape: Style in Industrial Products 1900 to 1960. Design Council, London, 1979. ISBN 0850720958
 * The Albert Memorial (1981)
 * Harley Earl and The Dream Machine (1983)
 * The Conran Directory of Design (1985)
 * Sex Drink and Fast Cars (1986)
 * Commerce and Culture (1989)
 * Taste (1991)
 * Labour Camp (1998)
 * General Knowledge (2000)
 * Sex: A cultural history (2000)
 * A Dictionary of Idiocy (2003)
 * Life’s a Pitch (2007)
 * Design: Intelligence made visible (2007)
 * Cars (2008)
 * Work: The Building of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (2008)
 * Woman as Design (2009)
 * Liverpool: Shaping the city (2010)
 * La Dolce Vita (2011)
 * Ugly: The Aesthetics of Everything (2012).
 * Death Drive – there are no accidents (2016).
 * Life’s a Pitch (3rd edition, 2017).
 * Taste – the secret meaning of things (2nd edition, 2017).
 * Signs of Life – why brands matter (2017).
 * How To Steal Fire (2019).

title: Stephen Bayley


text:
Geoff Pullar

Geoffrey Pullar (1 August 1935 – 25 December 2014) was an English cricketer, who played for Lancashire and Gloucestershire and in 28 Tests for England.

His affectionate nickname was 'Noddy', not, as often said, because, once he was out, he was known to sleep often in the dressing room, but because he was once discovered watching the children's programme there.

He was, in any case, a skilled batsman, rarely lifting the ball off the surface while driving elegantly and adept at accumulating by flicking the ball off his toes towards fine leg. Preferring to play off the front foot, Pullar was also a good puller of the ball and could crack a square cut. In his younger days he had been compared to Charlie Hallows and Eddie Paynter, two of Lancashire's crowd pleasing greats – he had the artistry of the former and the pugnacious aggression and watchful determination of the latter.

Life and career
Pullar was born in Swinton, Lancashire, in 1935, and was a product of Werneth Cricket Club, which was close to where he went to school in Oldham; while there he showed equal talent as a leg break bowler as well as with his batting – but with Tommy Greenhough, Bob Barber and Sonny Ramadhin variously based at Old Trafford, Pullar's bowling was rarely called upon in first-class cricket.

Originally a middle order batsman, the left-handed Pullar was tried as an opener in Test matches against India in 1959, and was an instant success, scoring 75 at Headingley, and 131 at Old Trafford, the first ever Test century by a Lancastrian at the ground. He then became a fixture in the England side for four years, making four centuries in all and averaging more than 43. Pullar did well against South Africa at home series of 1960, following a solid winter tour of the West Indies where he played in all five tests against a bowling attack including Wes Hall, Garfield Sobers and Charlie Griffith who had his debut in the fifth test. He had a good tour to India and Pakistan in 1961–62, and topped the batting averages despite bagging a pair in the first Test in Pakistan. His highest Test score was 175 against the South Africans at The Oval in 1960, when he put on 290 for the first wicket with Colin Cowdrey. He had modest success against the Australians in 1961, when Alan Davidson snared him five times, and Pullar only played twice against Pakistan in England in 1962, scoring only 27 runs in two knocks while others, notably Peter Parfitt, scored freely against a moderate attack. After the tour to Australia in 1962–63, during which he fell ill with pleurisy, Pullar lost his England place and never regained it.

After some years of declining success for Lancashire, he joined Gloucestershire in 1969, and topped the county's batting averages in his first season. But arthritis in his knees forced his retirement after just six matches the following year.

Pullar was elected Young Cricketer of the Year in 1959 by the Cricket Writers' Association (a year in which he scored three tons against the champions, Yorkshire) and he was one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1960. He also won a junior England cap for table tennis.

Pullar died at age 79 on 25 December 2014.

title: Geoff Pullar


text:
Roberto Marinho

Roberto Pisani Marinho (December 3, 1904 – August 6, 2003) was a Brazilian businessman and tycoon who was the founder and owner of media conglomerate Grupo Globo from 1925 to 2003, and during this period expanded the company from newspapers to radio and television.

Born and raised in Rio de Janeiro, Marinho inherited the newspaper O Globo and began working there as a reporter. Later he became the chief editor. Marinho founded and was the president of the Brazilian TV channel, Rede Globo, the biggest television network in the country; it now has 123 stations and associates.

Marinho is considered one of the most influential and powerful figures of the 20th century in Brazil.

Biography
Roberto Marinho was born in 1904 in Rio de Janeiro to Irineu Marinho, a publisher, and his wife, who were of Portuguese and Italian descent, respectively. He was raised as a Roman Catholic and was educated in local schools.

On July 29, 1925, his father Irineu Marinho started a morning newspaper called O Globo in Rio de Janeiro, which he had intended to complement his afternoon paper. He died three weeks later. At the age of 21, the younger Marinho fancied being a journalist and appointed himself as a trainee reporter at the newspaper he inherited. He advanced to chief editor six years later.

In the 1940s, Marinho expanded into commercial radio. In the 1960s, he took his company into television. On April 26, 1965, he founded Rede Globo, which became the principal TV station in Brazil and the second largest in the world. This was during the period of the military dictatorship, which pressured the media to support the government.

According to journalist Aristotle Drummond, Marinho was a loyal Catholic who opposed the "liberation theology" developed in Latin America in the 1970s, in which leading clerics supported popular political movements seeking social justice. He criticized his friend Helder Câmara, who was archbishop of the "miserably poor" Olinda and Recife diocese from 1964 to 1985, during the worst of the military dictatorship. Marinho greatly admired John Paul II as pope.

By the 1970s, Marinho was considered one of South America's richest men and one of the most important media moguls of the world. The holding Organizações Globo controls not only the newspaper and TV Globo, but also a chain of radio stations, such as Rádio Globo and Rádio CBN, as well as many other cable TV channels. Globo Television reaches almost every home in Brazil through 113 stations and associates. The network is powerful enough to decide when Brazil's soccer matches kick off.

With the production of telenovelas (soap-operas), TV Globo has capitalized on its reach. It has exported many of the programs to various countries, earning more in royalties and other revenues. Isaura the Slave Girl is one of the topmost successes of the company since it was sold to more than 80 countries, including China, in the 1970s.

Legacy and awards

 * Jacarepaguá Airport in Rio de Janeiro is named after Roberto Marinho.
 * He was awarded the Maria Moors Cabot Prize.

title: Roberto Marinho


text:
User talk:Schlurcher

Please use: User talk:Schlurcher (German Wikipedia)

title: User talk:Schlurcher


text: Template:User eu-0

title: Template:User eu-0


text:
Benjamin Brewster (bishop)

Benjamin Brewster (November 25, 1860 – February 2, 1941) was the Episcopal bishop of Maine and Missionary Bishop of Western Colorado.

Early life
He was born in New Haven, Connecticut, the son of the Rev. Joseph Brewster  and Sarah Jane Bunce. He was a direct descendant of both Love Brewster, a passenger with his father, mother and brother, Wrestling, aboard the Mayflower and a founder of the town of Bridgewater, Massachusetts; and of Elder William Brewster, the Pilgrim colonist leader and spiritual elder of the Plymouth Colony, and passenger aboard the Mayflower and one of the signers of the Mayflower Compact.

His brother was the Right Rev. Dr. Chauncey Bunce Brewster, the fifth American Episcopal bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Connecticut.

Education
After preparation in the Hopkins Grammar School, he graduated with a B.A. in 1882 from Yale University, where he was a member of Skull and Bones, and then he received his B.D. in 1886 from the General Theological Seminary, New York City. Meanwhile, he taught school in Cleveland, Ohio, during 1882–1883.

Ordination
He was ordained deacon in the Episcopal Church in 1886 and priest in 1887. His first charge was as assistant to Henry Yates Satterlee (his first wife's first cousin) at Calvary Church, New York City, from 1886 to 1891, and he also served as Vicar of Calvary Church during 1887–1891. In the next four years he was pastor at that Church of the Holy Communion, South Orange, New Jersey, and during 1895–1906 was pastor at Grace Church, Colorado Springs, Colorado. In addition he was a member of the standing committee of the Diocese of Colorado from 1897 to 1906 and examining chaplain from 1900 to 1906. During the next three years he was Dean of St. Mark's Cathedral, Salt Lake City, Utah, and president of the council of advice for the District of Salt Lake.

Consecration
On June 17, 1909, he was consecrated Missionary Bishop of Western Colorado. He was translated to be Bishop of the Diocese of Maine on June 7, 1916. Benjamin Brewster was the 242nd bishop consecrated in the Episcopal Church. Brewster announced in May 1940, that he would retire at the end of the year as Bishop because of his age, but his successor had not been named and he was serving in the capacity of Bishop emeritus at the time of his death.

The church in Maine had a steady growth during his bishopric and reached into more communities. Prominent in church affairs outside his diocese, Brewster served as president of the Synod of New England during 1933–1939 and as vice-president of the Church League for Industrial Democracy from 1916 to 1941. He was chairman of the joint committee of Bishops and clerical and lay deputies on nominations at the General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church, Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1937, and was a commissioner of the World Council of Churches.

In his first year in Maine he was a delegate to the neutral conference committee that met with Woodrow Wilson to discuss the possibility of calling a conference of neutral nations to halt World War I. In 1919, his resolution in favor of clemency for "political prisoners" including conscientious objectors, was adopted by the House of Bishops at the General Convention, but defeated almost unanimously in the House of Deputies. In 1936 he presented a resolution to the House of Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church requesting Franklin D. Roosevelt to call an international conference of nations which had signed the Kellogg–Briand Pact. In 1921 and again in 1930 he attended the Lambeth Conference, London, England. He was known as a liberal in economics and politics as well as religion. In 1934 he worked in favor of a measure endorsing efforts to obtain for physicians and medical clinics the legal right to disseminate birth control information and the measure passed the House of Bishops by a vote of 44 to 38.

Personal life
Brewster married on June 10, 1891, in New York City, as his first wife Stella Yates (November 23, 1866 – February 2, 1929), the daughter of Brigadier-General Charles Yates and Josephine Bosworth the daughter of New York Supreme Court Chief Justice Joseph Sollace Bosworth and Frances Pumpelly. Frances was the first cousin of Raphael Pumpelly, an American geologist and explorer. Benjamin and Stella had five children together.

He married on August 25, 1937, in Portland, Maine, as his second wife Mary Phillips (February 11, 1884 – 1941), widow of George Guillifer Hay, and daughter of Brigadier General Charles L. Phillips, by whom he had no children. Benjamin Brewster died in Portland, Maine on February 2, 1941.

Additional reading

 * Hamilton College. ''Obituary: New York Supreme Court Chief Justice Joseph Sollace Bosworth'; New York: Hamilton literary magazine, Volume 19 1885.
 * Jones, Emma C. Brewster. The Brewster Genealogy, 1566-1907: a Record of the Descendants of William Brewster of the "Mayflower," ruling elder of the Pilgrim church which founded Plymouth Colony in 1620. New York: Grafton Press. 1908
 * Osborn, Norris Galpin. Men of mark in Connecticut: ideals of American life told in biographies and autobiographies of eminent living Americans, Volume 4; New York: W.R. Goodspeed, 1908.
 * Wright, R.W.Biographical record: Yale University. Class of 1842  R.W. Wright, compiler, Published by Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, Printers, 1878
 * The National Cyclopædia of American Biography, Volume 44. New York:  James T. White & Company (1962) 478–479.

title: Benjamin Brewster (bishop)


text:
Talk:Gabrielle Miller

Frasier
In which episode of Frasier did Gabrielle Miller play in? Loghead1 21:33, 11 May 2007 (UTC)
 * It was called Coots and Ladders http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0588364/Puppy_6754 15:54, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

Marital Status
Is she married?--74.14.128.194 21:13, 21 May 2007 (UTC)
 * No.http://www.myspace.com/lilypadpro--Puppy_6754 15:56, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

What is her actual DOB? IMDB has a different year listed. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0588364/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.18.43.104 (talk) 06:17, 23 July 2007 (UTC)
 * it is 1973 http://www.myspace.com/lilypadpro --User:Puppy_6754 12:57, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

Elijah
The link for Elijah (in her filmography) goes to the page about the Hebrew prophet. The film isn't listed on the disambiguation page, and, as far as I can tell, doesn't have it's own page. Should the link be removed? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.211.157.107 (talk) 05:33, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just modified 2 external links on Gabrielle Miller. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes: When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200600/http://www.leoawards.com/2005_winners.html to http://www.leoawards.com/2005_winners.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111108193153/http://www.gabriellemiller.com:80/ to http://www.gabriellemiller.com

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:59, 7 January 2017 (UTC)

Trivago
According to some sources the actress Gabrielle Miller is an Australian. http://www.gabriellekmiller.com/about It appears there are two of these actresses with the same name.87.102.44.18 (talk) 00:31, 8 May 2017 (UTC)
 * The one in the Trivago ads certainly has a mild Australian accent. --Ef80 (talk) 23:03, 29 August 2017 (UTC)
 * The Trivago actress is certainly not the one featured here. She is probably WP:NOTABLE enough to have her own article, if only because of the Trivago ads - there are plenty of refs if you google 'gabrielle miller trivago'. --Ef80 (talk) 20:24, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just modified 5 external links on Gabrielle Miller. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes: When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090417002348/http://shared-vision.com/sv-features/20070830/clean-living-with-gabrielle-miller to http://www.shared-vision.com/sv-features/20070830/clean-living-with-gabrielle-miller
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080219213137/http://www.academy.ca/awards/gemini.cfm to http://www.academy.ca/awards/gemini.cfm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110708014438/http://www.leoawards.com/governance.html to http://www.leoawards.com/2006_winners.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090209123632/http://leoawards.com/winners_2007.html to http://www.leoawards.com/winners_2007.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071210081727/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/show/CTVShows/20071206/miller_africa_071206/20071206/ to http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/show/CTVShows/20071206/miller_africa_071206/20071206/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:24, 10 October 2017 (UTC)

Requested move 1 November 2017

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved (non-admin closure). f eminist 11:01, 16 November 2017 (UTC)

Gabrielle Miller → Gabrielle Miller (Canadian actress) – Addition of parenthetical qualifier will enable the creation of the Gabrielle Miller disambiguation page with Gabrielle Miller (Canadian actress) and Gabrielle Miller (Australian actress) who has been receiving heavy traffic. —Roman Spinner (talk)(contribs) 01:54, 1 November 2017 (UTC) Relisted. Jenks24 (talk) 10:16, 9 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The Canadian certainly appears to be easily the primary topic. The other one is really only "known" (and not really even that, since most people wouldn't know her name) for an advert. -- Necrothesp (talk) 11:59, 2 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Comment. It may be noted that, as of this writing, the 90-day total of page views for Gabrielle Miller (Canadian actress) was 28,895 --- daily average 318, the 20-day total was 4,573 --- daily average 218 and the 10-day total was 2,880 --- daily average 262, while for Gabrielle Miller (Australian actress) the 90-day total was 26,906 --- daily average 296, the 20-day total was 6,437 --- daily average 307 and the 10-day total was 3,523 --- daily average 320. —Roman Spinner (talk)(contribs) 19:42, 7 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Leaning oppose - page views show them running neck-and-neck in terms of page views,|Gabrielle_Miller_(Australian_actress)|Gabriella_Miller_Kids_First_Research_Act both with around 300 per day, but I suspect there may be a strong dose of WP:RECENTISM going on there. On the long-term significance front, the Canadian actress seems much more notable and I suspect in 5-10 years time will be the better known of the two. — Amakuru (talk) 10:52, 8 November 2017 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Gabrielle Miller. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20130730221452/http://www.gabriellemiller.ca/ to http://www.gabriellemiller.ca/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060506032437/http://www.northernstars.ca/actorsmno/miller_gabrielle.html to http://www.northernstars.ca/actorsmno/miller_gabrielle.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:52, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

Gwen Shamblin: Starving for Salvation.
Miller was in the movie, Gwen Shamblin: Starving for Salvation. she portrayed Emily, Gwen’s friend. Paige Matheson (talk) 19:10, 19 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gabrielle Miller


text:
User talk:Luca's Ade

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! →Jo urna list  >>talk<<  22:36, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Nineteen Eighty-Four
Just wanted to thank you for your additions to Nineteen Eighty-Four, which I think are invaluable for neutralising the POV. I have done a bit of work (outside of Wikipedia) on the public perception of NEF, and how it has been skewed (perhaps, in the main, by American cultural-political forces) to facilitate its use against the Soviet Empire. I feel that a "cleaner"/more free interpretation of the text has been lost somewhere along the line; I also feel that your work on the NEF article goes some way to restoring this freedom. --James Kemp 02:09, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia:WikiProject Grand Prix racing
This is to inform you that the project page listed above is being considered for deletion. Please follow the links to participate in the discussion. Thank you. Badbilltucker 15:43, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Infobox Grand Prix Mini Report
Template:Infobox Grand Prix Mini Report has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Andy Mabbett ( Pigsonthewing ); Talk to Andy; Andy's edits 22:03, 2 March 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Luca's Ade


text:
Delta2 Tauri

Delta2 Tauri (δ2 Tauri) is a solitary, white-hued star in the zodiac constellation of Taurus. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 20.21 mas as seen from Earth, it is located roughly 161 light years distant from the Sun. It is separated from δ1 Tauri by 0.3° on the sky and is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.80. The star is considered a member of the Hyades cluster.

At the estimated age of 449 million years, this is an A-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of A2 Vs, where the 's' suffix indicates narrow (sharp) absorption lines. It has 1.8 times the mass of the Sun and about 1.8 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 27 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 7,997 K.

δ2 Tauri is a source of X-ray emission with a luminosity of $10,110,000,000,000,000,000,000 W$. Since A-type stars are not normally a source of X-rays, this emission may be coming from an unknown companion or from a line of sight source.

title: Delta2 Tauri


text:
Fitler Square

Fitler Square is a 0.5 acre (0.20 ha) public park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States and a surrounding neighborhood of the same name. The square is bounded on the east by 23rd Street, on the west by 24th Street, on the north by Panama Street, and on the south by Pine Street. The neighborhood encompasses much of southwest Center City west of Rittenhouse Square and east of the Schuylkill River.

Fitler Square was named for late 19th century Philadelphia mayor Edwin Henry Fitler shortly after his death in 1896. The square lies on land owned by the City of Philadelphia, via the Department of Parks and Recreation, and is cared for through a public private partnership between the Department of Parks and Recreation and the Fitler Square Improvement Association.

Neighborhood
The name Fitler Square is also used to describe the neighborhood surrounding the square, bounded roughly by 21st Street on the east, the Schuylkill River on the west, Locust Street on the north, and South Street on the south. To the east of this neighborhood is the Rittenhouse Square neighborhood; to the west is the University City neighborhood, home to the University of Pennsylvania and Drexel University; to the south is Southwest Center City (also known as "South of South" or the "Graduate Hospital Area"). The portion of Center City surrounding Fitler Square and nearby Rittenhouse Square is sometimes referred to as "Rit-Fit" after the two parks.

Before the 1950s, the neighborhood was a prime example of the urban blight that had overcome much of the city. The park itself was described as a "mudhole inhabited by drunks and empty bottles". In the mid-1950s, The Center City Residents' Association successfully petitioned Mayor Clark to do something about the decline of the neighborhood. Working together, they freed up mortgage money for the construction of new homes and rehabilitation of the neighborhood. Also threatening the neighborhood was the proposed Crosstown Expressway. The threat of its construction, which would demolish much of the neighborhood, was enough to reduce property values and add to the neighborhood's blight. The Residents' Association was successful in changing these plans and in the following years the neighborhood drastically improved largely due to efforts of the Center City Residents' Association and the Fitler Square Improvement Association.

The neighborhood is mostly residential, composed of single-family homes, and within a short walk of the commercial areas of Center City.

Sculptures
A sculpture of three turtles adorn the park made by Philadelphia artist Eric Berg along with sculptures of a Grizzly Bear and a Ram. The center of the park is dominated by a Victorian-era fountain which flows most of the year. Prior to 2010, this fountain, like many in Philadelphia, flowed fresh water from the main directly into the sewer system. In 2010, the Fitler Square Improvement Association engaged a large project at a cost of approximately $40,000 funded by neighborhood donations and a $7,000 grant from the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society to change the fountain into one that recirculates all of its water with a pumping system saving huge amounts of water each year.

Educational institutions
The Philadelphia School, a private institution, is located in the Fitler Square Neighborhood at 2501 Lombard St. The school, which originally opened in 1972, offers preschool through 8th grade classes.

The Free Library of Philadelphia operates the Philadelphia City Institute on the first floor and lower level of an apartment complex at 1905 Locust Street.

Notable people

 * Gilbert and Eleanor Kraus, subjects of 50 Children: The Rescue Mission of Mr. and Mrs. Kraus

In popular culture

 * On the television show Philly, Kim Delaney's character "Kathleen" was portrayed as living in a small apartment overlooking the park.
 * Hojun Li, co-editor of the film The Sixth Sense, claims to have been inspired by children in Fitler Square.

title: Fitler Square


text:
Kings Highway station (IND Culver Line)

The Kings Highway station is an express station on the IND Culver Line of the New York City Subway, located at Kings Highway and McDonald Avenue in the Gravesend neighborhood of Brooklyn. The station is served by the F train at all times and the <F> train during rush hours in the peak direction.

History
This station opened at 3:00 a.m. on March 16, 1919, as part of the opening of the first section of the BMT Culver Line. The initial section began at the Ninth Avenue station and ended at the Kings Highway station. The line was operated as a branch of the Fifth Avenue Elevated line, with a free transfer at Ninth Avenue to the West End Line into the Fourth Avenue Subway. The opening of the line resulted in reduced travel times between Manhattan and Kings Highway. Construction on the line began in 1915, and cost a total of $3.3 million.

Trains from this station began using the Fourth Avenue Subway to the Nassau Street Loop in Lower Manhattan when that line opened on May 30, 1931. The Fifth Avenue Elevated was closed on May 31, 1940, and elevated service ceased stopping here. On October 30, 1954, the connection between the IND South Brooklyn Line at Church Avenue and the BMT Culver Line at Ditmas Avenue opened. With the connection completed, all service at the stations on the former BMT Culver Line south of Ditmas Avenue, including this one, were from then on served by IND trains.

From June 1969 to 1987, express service on the elevated portion of the line from Church Avenue to Kings Highway operated in the peak direction (to Manhattan AM; to Brooklyn PM), with some F trains running local and some running express. During this time period, this station was used as an express station. Express service ended in 1987, largely due to budget constraints and complaints from passengers at local stations. Express service on the elevated Culver Line was ended due to necessary structural work, but never restored.

From June 7, 2016, to May 1, 2017, the southbound platform at this station was closed for renovations. The Manhattan-bound platform was closed for a longer period of time, from May 22, 2017, until July 30, 2018. In 2019, as part of an initiative to increase the accessibility of the New York City Subway system, the MTA announced that it would install elevators at the Kings Highway station as part of the MTA's 2020–2024 Capital Program. In November 2022, the MTA announced that it would award a $965 million contract for the installation of 21 elevators across eight stations, including Kings Highway. A joint venture of ASTM and Halmar International would construct the elevators under a public-private partnership.

Station layout
The station has three tracks and two island platforms. Each platform contains a green canopy with black roofs that run for the entire length except near the north ends, where a control tower is present on the Coney Island-bound platform.

Trains going to Coney Island (southbound) or Manhattan and Queens (northbound) use the local tracks. The center express track is normally used only during rush hours to short turn trains not going to Stillwell Avenue. There are platform signs informing riders that some rush hour 179th Street-bound trains are available from the center track.

There are no express stations south of this station. Instead, the center track offers the option of switching to either local tracks. Diamond crossover switches exist between the center and southbound tracks at both ends of the station. Switches exist at both ends of the station allowing northbound trains to switch from the express track to the northbound local track. Additional switches exist between Avenue U and Avenue X (one each from the center track to the northbound and southbound tracks), and south of Avenue X merging into the southbound local track and the yard leads towards the Coney Island Yard.

The current track configurations allow trains to terminate and reverse at Kings Highway; however, from 1990 to September 2020, the previous configuration did not allow northbound local trains from Coney Island to run express north of Kings Highway without skipping Avenue U. Switches originally existed, but were removed during track rehabilitation projects in the 1990s before being replaced in September 2020 as part of CBTC installation on the Culver Line.

Exits
This station has two entrances with the primary one at the northern end. From each platform, a single staircase goes down to an elevated station-house beneath the tracks. Inside is a token booth and regular turnstile bank. Outside fare control, two staircases go down to either southern corner of McDonald Avenue and Kings Highway.

An un-staffed entrance is at the south end of the station. From each platform, a single staircase goes down to an elevated station-house beneath the tracks. Inside are two HEET turnstiles. Outside of fare control, two staircases go down to either northern corner of McDonald Avenue and Avenue S.

title: Kings Highway station (IND Culver Line)


text:
Arthur Haynes

Arthur Haynes (14 May 1914 – 19 November 1966) was an English comedian and star of The Arthur Haynes Show, a comedy sketch series produced by ATV from 1956 until his death from a heart attack in 1966. Haynes also appeared on radio and in films.

Early life
Arthur Haynes was born in London, the only child of a Fulham baker. He started off in a number of odd jobs, doing painting (he was very proud of his painting in later years), plumbing and joinery until the Second World War broke out. He then became an entertainer while serving with the Royal Engineers during the war. Fellow comedian Charlie Chester related a story where they were waiting outside Caen and Haynes pointed to a trench full of mud and a million tiny frogs and said nothing would get him into that. Just then a German aircraft started firing near them and Haynes dived straight into the trench and afterwards emerged covered in mud and frogs.

Career
With Charlie Chester he was part of the British Army's concert party troupe Stars in Battledress. He continued to work with Chester after the war in the BBC Radio series Stand Easy (1946–49). Chester had not originally wanted to feature him as he had a full cast but once he heard Haynes give a high-pitched laugh, he knew he could use it and found a place for him. They became a double act in the show where Chester wrote the scripts. Much later, the comedian returned to BBC radio with The Arthur Haynes Show (1962–65) which ran over four series. He also recorded Arthur Again. Both series were scripted by Johnny Speight.

On 21 February 1956, Haynes appeared in the first edition of ATV variety series Strike a New Note, which was supposed to air talent for the new independent television station. Nicholas Parsons (in That Reminds Me, April 1999) said the show was awful, but he was offered a role after the first few episodes and joined it. After a few more shows there was a clearout and everyone but Haynes and Parsons went. After several appearances in this show, written by Dick Barry and John Antrobus along with Johnny Speight who had been sending in sketches for Haynes. The show was soon renamed Get Happy. Haynes, who had been a stand-up comedian, was given his own series later in the year and Parsons, who had been an all-rounder, found himself cast as his straight man.

His ATV series, The Arthur Haynes Show (1956–66), networked on ITV, made Haynes the most popular comedian in Britain. There were 95 thirty-minute shows, 62 thirty-five-minute shows and one fifty-minute show, spread over fifteen series. Haynes's most popular character was a working class tramp – created by Johnny Speight, now better known for creating Alf Garnett. Speight said he got the idea of the tramp from a real tramp who climbed into his Rolls-Royce when it was stopped at a traffic light. In 1963 and 1964 Haynes worked with Dermot Kelly who played another tramp (called Irish), who was not very bright. Sometimes Patricia Hayes would join them as a female tramp. In early episodes, the shows were played out on a theatre stage, and basic scenery and props were used where, for instance, the audience could see outside and inside a house, as there was no wall on their side. Later episodes had improved sets. The stars sometimes forgot (or did not bother to learn) their lines, and would ad lib them. If someone fluffed a line, that would be used to get more laughs. Haynes and others sometimes failed to keep a straight face and occasionally burst into laughter.

The shows would also feature musical guests, such as the Springfields in 1963, Kenny Ball and his Jazzmen and the Rolling Stones in 1964, and Joe Brown and the Bruvvers and the Dave Clark Five in 1965. A number of the shows started and ended with Arthur Haynes driving a horse and cart along a narrow country lane, whistling and (unconvincingly) playing a harmonica. Some began with a cartoon workman using a road drill on the show's title.

Haynes received the Variety Club's award as ITV Personality of 1961 and appeared on the Royal Variety Performance in the same year. The shows also made a star of Nicholas Parsons, who had first appeared with Haynes in Strike a New Note and Get Happy and who tended to play supercilious neighbours and authority figures in the comedy sketches. Eventually, as the public began to recognise Parsons' skill as a straight man, Haynes decided to dispense with his services. Other stars also made early appearances: in 1962 Michael Caine played a burglar burgling the same house as Haynes's character. Haynes had a good singing voice, which he rarely used on TV, and in 1960 performed a sketch called The Haynes Brothers, where he and Dickie Valentine, wearing a moustache, sang together.

In 1965, Haynes appeared in the Rock Hudson/Gina Lollobrigida film Strange Bedfellows. While in Hollywood, Cary Grant turned up with an entourage at a place where Haynes was staying and lavished great praise on him, calling him the greatest comedy star in the world. In 1966, he appeared as a patient in the British film Doctor in Clover.

Music
In 1963 he recorded the novelty songs "Not To Worry" and "Looking Around".

Death and legacy
Haynes died of a heart attack on 19 November 1966 in Ealing, at the age of 52, shortly after he returned from America, where he had appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show, and just before the commencement of shooting for the 16th series of his ITV television series. He is buried at Mortlake Cemetery in Kew, London. His wife Queenie died on 7 November 2010 aged 95.

DVD release
Between 2011 and 2013, Network DVD released all surviving episodes of The Arthur Haynes Show (from film recordings) on Region 2 DVDs. Volume 1 contains thirteen of the earliest surviving episodes from 1960, while Volume 2 contains twelve episodes dating from 1961. Volumes 3 and 4 contain episodes from 1962, Volumes 5 and 6 both containing episodes based on scripts by Johnny Speight. Volume 7 completes the sequence.

A single collection set titled The Collected Arthur Haynes Show, consisting of all seven volumes, was released on 24 April 2017.

title: Arthur Haynes


text:
Delta3 Tauri

Delta3 Tauri (δ3 Tauri) is a binary star system in the zodiac constellation of Taurus. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 21.96 mas as seen from Earth, it is located roughly 149 light years distant from the Sun. It is visible to the naked eye with a combined apparent visual magnitude of +4.32. δ3 Tauri is separated from δ1 Tauri by 0.72° on the sky. This star also has the traditional Latin name Cleeia, from the Greek Kleeia (transliteration of Κλεεια), who was one of the Hyades sisters. It is considered a member of the Hyades cluster.

In Chinese, 畢宿 (Bì Xiù), meaning Net, refers to an asterism consisting δ3 Tauri, ε Tauri, δ1 Tauri, γ Tauri, Aldebaran, 71 Tauri and λ Tauri. Consequently, the Chinese name for δ3 Tauri itself is 畢宿二 (Bì Xiù èr), "the Second Star of Net".

The magnitude 4.35 primary, component A, appears to be an A-type subgiant star with a stellar classification of A2 IV. It is a candidate blue straggler and shows characteristics of an Am star. Abt (1985) gave it a classification of A2kA3hA5m, indicating that the spectrum displays the calcium K-line of an A2 star, the hydrogen lines of an A3 star and the metal lines of an A5 star. It is deficient in scandium but has enhanced iron peak and heavy elements. Although suspected of variability in the past, Delta3 Tauri A was subsequently determined to be photometrically constant.

The companion, component B, is a magnitude 8.37 star at an angular separation of 1.80 arc seconds along a position angle of 341°, as of 2010. At 77 arcseconds away (as of 2006) is a magnitude 11.12 visual companion, designated component C.

title: Delta3 Tauri


text:
Talk:Donald Fagen

Orphaned references in Donald Fagen
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Donald Fagen's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "BB200": From Taylor Swift:  From Golden Hour (Kacey Musgraves album):  From Steely Dan discography:  From When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?:  From Bruno Mars:

Reference named "swe": From No Jacket Required:  From Steely Dan discography:

Reference named "nl":

From Steely Dan discography:

From No Jacket Required:

Reference named "CRIA":

From Outkast: Search Certification Database: Idlewild. Canadian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved on May 10, 2010.

From Steely Dan discography: Gold Platinum Database: Steely Dan

From Jagged Little Pill: "Search Certification Database". Canadian Recording Industry Association.

From Alanis Morissette: "Search Certification Database". Canadian Recording Industry Association.

Reference named "RIAA":

From Blood, Sweat & Tears:

From Raising Sand: "RIAA Searchable Database". RIAA. Retrieved March 27, 2008.

From Phil Collins:

From Steely Dan discography: [https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php? RIAA searchable certification database].

From Michael Jackson:

From Fleetwood Mac:

From Thriller (album):

From Can't Buy a Thrill:

From Come Away with Me:

From When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?:

From Norah Jones:

From Aerosmith:

From Boz Scaggs:

From No Jacket Required:

From Outkast: Gold & Platinum: Outkast. Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved on April 22, 2021.

From Billy Joel:

From Genius Loves Company: RIAA Searchable Database: Gold & Platinum. Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved on 2008-15-08.

From Lionel Richie:

Reference named "BPI":

From Steely Dan discography: BPI searchable certification database.

From Time Out of Mind (Bob Dylan album):

From British Phonographic Industry:

From Rumours (album): Note: User search required.

From Amused to Death:

Reference named "uk":

From No Jacket Required:

From Love and Money (band):

From Kiss the Sky (Tatyana Ali album):

From Rickie Lee Jones:

From 3 Feet High and Rising: Warwick, Neil; Kutner, Jon; Brown, Tony (2004). The Complete Book of the British Charts: Singles & Albums (3rd ed.). Omnibus Press. p. 303. ISBN 1-84449-058-0.

From George Michael:

From Fearless (Taylor Swift album):

From Steely Dan discography:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 03:29, 29 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Donald Fagen