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Cape Verdean Portuguese

Cape Verdean Portuguese (Português cabo-verdiano) is the variety of Portuguese spoken in Cape Verde.

Status
While Cape Verdean Creole is the mother tongue of nearly all the population in Cape Verde, Portuguese is the official language. Creole is, therefore, used colloquially, in everyday usage, while Portuguese is used in official situations, at schools, in the media, etc. Portuguese and Creole live in a state of diglossia, meaning that Portuguese is usually used in formal situations, in the media, business, education, judicial system and legislature, while Creole is preferred for informal situations as a vernacular language in day-to-day life and daily activities, and code switching even occurs between the Creole and standard Portuguese in informal speech.

Portuguese is not spoken uniformly in Cape Verde. There is a continuum that reveals several aspects: greater or lesser education, greater or lesser exposure to Portuguese, greater or lesser frequency in Portuguese usage, etc.

There is no institution that regulates the usage of Portuguese in Cape Verde. Nevertheless, there are some empiric concepts about what is "correct" or "incorrect" concerning the way of speaking, resulting from:
 * 1) consensual models among people that are the more educated and/or more exposed to Portuguese;
 * 2) consensual models among scholars, language teachers, etc.
 * 3) when some linguistic phenomena occur in a systematic and regular way, they are no longer considered deviance to the standard, but rather a genuine expression of a regional community;

Another interesting phenomenon is that, if by one side the Portuguese in Cape Verde has developed some specificities, on the other side, during the years of colonization the paradigmatic models were from European Portuguese, and as of today, the reference works (grammars, dictionaries, school manuals, etc.) are from Portugal. Therefore, we are in the presence of two movements in opposite directions that happen simultaneously: on one side the Portuguese spoken in Cape Verde moves toward a development of its own characteristics, and on the other side the European Portuguese standards are still making some pressure that slows down the development of a typically Cape Verdean variety.

Other regions where this version of the Portuguese language is spoken are Portugal, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Switzerland, the United States (especially in Massachusetts), and purportedly, Spain, specifically Catalonia (especially in Barcelona), and Northern Spain, including Galicia (see also: Cape Verdeans in Portugal, Cape Verdeans in Belgium, Cape Verdeans in France, Cape Verdean Luxembourger, Cape Verdean Swiss, Cape Verdean Americans, and Cape Verdean Spanish).

Characteristics
The Portuguese spoken in Cape Verde is based on the European Portuguese. That's not too surprising, due to the historical relationship between the two countries, and by the fact that the language standardizing instruments (grammars, dictionaries, school manuals) are based on standards from Portugal. However, there are differences that in spite of being small are enough to set Cape Verdean Portuguese apart from European Portuguese. Despite some minor differences in the pronunciation by speakers of the northern and southern islands (see below), due to the small size of the territory one cannot say that there are dialectal divisions in the Portuguese spoken in Cape Verde, making up the Cape Verdean Portuguese on its whole a dialectal variety of Portuguese.

Phonetics
The phonetics of the Cape Verdean Portuguese and European Portuguese are close to each other. Here are the most striking differences:
 * 1) Consonants
 * 2)  In Cape Verdean Portuguese  is laminal dental, i.e., it is pronounced with the tip of the tongue touching the upper teeth. It is similar to the "l" sound in Spanish, French or German. The "l" sound in European Portuguese is velarized alveolar , i.e., it is pronounced with the tip of the tongue touching the alveolar ridge, well behind the upper teeth, with the tongue making a curve with the concavity pointing up, and the back of the tongue approaching the vellum. It is similar to the  in English and Catalan.
 * 3)   has the same variability as in European Portuguese. It is either pronounced as an alveolar trill  (more frequent in the Southern Islands) or either as an uvular trill, voiced uvular fricative  or voiced velar fricative  (more frequent in the Northern Islands).
 * 4) Intervocalic,  and  In Portugal, these are realized as the fricatives ,  and . In Cape Verde they are always pronounced as plosives ,  and.
 * 5) Vowels and diphthongs
 * 6) Unstressed open vowels In European Portuguese there are cases when the unstressed $\langlea\rangle$ is pronounced open : - when it originates etymologically from $\langleaa\rangle$ (sadio, Tavares, caveira, etc.); - when a final $\langlea\rangle$ is followed by an initial $\langlea\rangle$ (minha amiga, casa amarela, uma antena, etc.); - when the $\langlea\rangle$ is followed by a preconsonantal  (alguém, faltou, etc.); - other cases harder to explain (camião, racismo, etc.) In Cape Verdean Portuguese there is the tendency to realize these as close : - vadio, caveira, minha amiga, uma antena, alguém, faltou, are all pronounced with ; Note that in the educated register some instances of the unstressed $\langlea\rangle$ are pronounced open : baptismo, fracção, actor, etc.
 * 7) Unstressed initial $\langleo\rangle$ In Cape Verde, the unstressed initial $\langleo\rangle$ is always pronounced close.
 * 8) Unstressed initial $\langlee\rangle$ In Portugal the written unstressed initial $\langlee\rangle$ is pronounced . In Cape Verde, according to the word (and the speaker) it’s either pronounced  or . Probably, the natural tendency is to pronounce  (in a parallel way to the initial "o") being the pronunciation  resulting from European Portuguese pressure. Many Cape Verdean speakers clearly distinguish in the pronunciation certain word pairs: eminência \ iminência, emita \ imita, emigrante \ imigrante, elegível \ ilegível, emergir \ imergir, etc.
 * 9) Unstressed initial "e" before "s" + consonant In Portugal the unstressed initial "e" before "s" + consonant is pronounced . In Cape Verde, this "e" is not pronounced at all, beginning the word by a voiceless palatal fricative  (estado, espátula, esquadro) or by a voiced palatal fricative  (esbelto, esganar).
 * 10)  Some Cape Verdean speakers haves some trouble pronouncing the unstressed $\langlee\rangle$ sound, pronounced  in European Portuguese (revelar, medir, debate). This trouble is solved in two different ways:
 * 11) speakers from the Southern Islands pronounce it as ;
 * 12) speakers from the Northern Islands delete it (check point 7 farther below); Nevertheless, an epenthetic  is never inserted after final  and, as it is the case for some speakers in Portugal. Thus, in Cape Verde, normal, barril, cantar, beber are never pronounced normale, barrile, cantare, bebere.
 * 13) Unstressed /i/ and /u/ In Cape Verde there is no dissimilation of two /i/ or /u/ like it happens in Portugal. Words like medicina, vizinho are actually pronounced me-di-ssi-, vi-zi- and not me-de-ssi-, ve-zi- like in Portugal. Words like futuro, Sofia are actually pronounced fu-tu-, su-fi- and not fe-tu-, Se-fi- like in Portugal.
 * 14) Unstressed, ,  Speakers from the Northern Islands frequently delete these vowels. Nevertheless, either what is mentioned in this point as what was mentioned on point 5 are considered pronunciation errors by Cape Verdeans themselves.
 * 15) Diphthongs In standard European Portuguese the orthographical sequence "ei" is pronounced, while the sequence "ou" is pronounced . In Cape Verde these diphthongs are pronounced as the writing suggests: $\langleei\rangle$ is pronounced , while $\langleou\rangle$ is pronounced . In the same way, the sequence $\langleem\rangle$ is pronounced , and not  like in standard European Portuguese.
 * 16) Stressed "e" before palatal sounds In the same way as the previous point, the stressed "e" before the palatals ) is pronounced  and not  like in standard European Portuguese.
 * 17) The sequence $\langleui\rangle$ The sequence $\langleui\rangle$ in the word muito is pronounced as an oral diphthong, rather than a nasalized diphthong.

Morphology and syntax
In the morphology there are not big differences towards European Portuguese, being noted however the preference for some forms. The syntax reveals now and then some Creole structures that are transposed to Portuguese.
 * 1) In Portugal there are several ways for the 2nd person treatment that are expressed by tu "you (familiar)", você "you (respectful)", o senhor "sir", a senhora "madam", Sr. Dr. "Doctor" (or any other professional title), calling the person by its name but using the 3rd person (e.g., O Manuel fazia-me isso, por favor? "Manuel would do this for me, please"), etc. Each of those ways corresponds to several levels of intimacy, levels of respect, hierarchy levels, etc. The treatment for the 2nd person in Cape Verde is simpler, there are only two levels: tu "you" (intimacy, familiar or same age treatment) and você "you" (respectful treatment) that can be used indistinguishably from o senhor "sir" or a senhora "madam".
 * 2) In Creole there is no specific form for the future tense. The future in Creole is expressed with the auxiliary verb "to go". That is probably the reason why Cape Verdeans prefer using a composite form for the future in Portuguese instead of a simple form (eu vou fazer "I am going to do instead of eu farei "I will do"). The same happens with the conditional (se chovesse eu não ia sair "if it rained I was not going to leave" instead of se chovesse eu não sairia "if it rained I wouldn’t leave").
 * 3) Frequent usage of the interrogative in the negative form, especially when someone offers something: Não queres uma xícara de café? "Don’t you want a cup of coffee?"; Não precisas da minha ajuda? "Don’t you need my help?".
 * 4) In Creole there are no definite articles. That is probably the reason why the definite article is sometimes not used. Ex.: Pedro foi instead of O Pedro foi "Pedro went").
 * 5) The first person of the plural in the past in verbs from the first conjugation is not pronounced with an open  (even if the orthography requests that!). Cantámos, louvámos, brincámos pronounced with closed.
 * 6) Since there is no verbal inflexion in Creole, the usage of personal pronouns is mandatory. That is probably the reason why in Cape Verdean Portuguese the omission of the personal pronouns is rare. Ex.: Eu desço as escadas more frequently than Desço as escadas "I go down the stairs".
 * 7) Also because the inflexion of words in Creole is weak, the word order is more rigid.  Creole does not allow the flexibility, the inversions and word order changes that Portuguese allows. In everyday usage, it is not natural to a Cape Verdean speaker, when speaking Portuguese, to use inversions and word order changes. For example, what in Portugal could be said espero eu que um dia lá chegues (literally "hope I that one day there you arrive"), to a Cape Verdean speaker would be more natural to say eu espero que tu chegues lá um dia (literally "I hope that you arrive there one day"). Nevertheless, it is not an impeachment to, at literary level, be used the flexibility mentioned before.
 * 8) Some frequent mistakes in Portugal, such as póssamos (instead of possamos), tu fizestes (instead of tu fizeste), tu hades fazer (instead of tu hás de fazer), dei-te a ti (instead of dei-te), etc. are not registered in Cape Verde.

Lexicon and semantics
In the lexicon and in the semantics one can notice strong influences from Creole. But the frontier between a Creole substratum in Cape Verdean Portuguese and a Creole superstratum in Cape Verdean Portuguese is not clear. Since nearly all the words in Creole originate from Portuguese, the usage of certain forms is not clear if they are Portuguese archaisms that have remained in Cape Verdean Portuguese, or if they are Creole words that were introduced in Portuguese.

In some other cases, even when speaking Portuguese, is more frequent to use a Creole word than the corresponding Portuguese one.
 * 1) Some words are specific and reveal some particularities of the fauna, the flora, the ethnography, the cuisine, the climate, etc.
 * 2) azedinha (gooseberry) instead of groselha;
 * 3) babosa (aloe vera) instead of aloe vera;
 * 4) bandeja (platter) instead of tabuleiro;
 * 5) beijo (meringue) instead of suspiro;
 * 6) calabaceira (baobab) instead of embondeiro;
 * 7) carambola (marbles) instead of berlinde;
 * 8) fatia parida (french toast) instead of rabanada;
 * 9) gaita (accordion) instead of acordeão;
 * 10) geada (dew) instead of orvalho;
 * 11) malagueta (chilli pepper) instead ofpiri-piri, but the word malagueta is also used in the Portuguese-speaking world;
 * 12) mancarra (peanut) instead of amendoim;
 * 13) mel understood as sugarcane honey; the bee honey is known as mel de abelha;
 * 14) passarinha (kingfisher) instead of martim-pescador;
 * 15) tambarina (tamarind) instead of tamarindo;
 * 16) tchota (sparrow) instead of pardal;
 * 17) violão (guitar) same usage in Brazil, but different in Portugal (viola);
 * 18) Other objects, ideas or expressions are expressed differently. Ex.:
 * 19) one picks up the phone saying alô, and not estou or está as in Portugal, but the same in Brazil;
 * 20) what in Portugal is called indiscriminately mala, in Cape Verde has several denominations accordingly to the object: mala "suitcase", pasta "briefcase", carteira "purse", saco de senhora "lady's handbag", arca "trunk", etc.;
 * 21) on the other side, what in Portugal can be called sobretudo "overcoat", casaco "coat", blusão "jersey", kispo "anorak", blazer, etc., in Cape Verde is simply called casaco;
 * 22) máquina de calcular is used (and not calculadora "calculator"), máquina de fotocópias (and not fotocopiadora “Xerox machine”), cartucho de tinta (and not tinteiro "ink cartridge");

 * 1) Because the closer neighboring countries of Cape Verde are francophones, in diplomatic environment or in environments more in contact with foreigners some neologisms appear, strongly rejected by scholars and purists in Cape Verde. For ex.: engajar (from French engager), atitude revanchista (from French revanche), adereço meaning “address” (is it from French adresse or from English “address”?). However, the fact that in Creole is pronounced “tchanci” makes one believe that the usage of the word chance (in Cape Verdean Portuguese) is an Anglicism (English “chance”), and not a Gallicism (French chance);
 * 2) In spite of some words being used with exactly the same meaning of European Portuguese, they are also used with the meaning in Creole. Ex.:
 * 3) malcriado, rebel, unsubmissive, instead of rude;
 * 4) afronta, desperation, instead of outrage;
 * 5) pudera!, exclamation meaning “of course!”
 * 6) rocha, mountain, instead of rock
 * 7) inocente, naïf, instead of innocent;
 * 8) Some meanings in Portugal are simply not known in Cape Verde. Ex.:
 * 9) abalar is only known with the meaning of “to shake”, and not with the meaning of “to leave”;
 * 10) ilhéu is only known with the meaning of “islet”, and not with the meaning of “island inhabitant”;
 * 11) ténis is only used for the sport “tennis”, the shoes “sneakers” are known as sapatilhas (a meaning mostly only employed in the Lisbon region and the south of Portugal);

Orthography
Cape Verde has participated on the works towards the elaboration of the Acordo Ortográfico — with a delegation composed of the linguist Manuel Veiga and by the writer Moacyr Rodrigues — and has ratified the document. In 1998 Cape Verde was the host of the II CPLP Summit, held in Praia, where the first “Protocolo Modificativo ao Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa” was signed, which removed from the original text the original date of enforcement (1994). Cape Verde has ratified this document, as well as the “Segundo Protocolo Modificativo” (April 2005), being the second country (after Brazil) to complete the entire procedure for the enforcement of the Spelling Agreement.

According to Prime Minister José Maria Neves, Cape Verde is in favor of a “spell approach” between the existing variants in Portugal and Brazil and sees Portuguese as “an important tool for the development of Cape Verde”. Despite the Spelling Agreement 1990 having become effective on October 1, 2015, in the country the rules of Spelling Agreement of 1945 continues to prevail.

title: Cape Verdean Portuguese


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User talk:Rexhep Bojaxhiu

I am not related to Mother Teresa

Membrama, Rexhep, sockpuppet of REX :-))) Bomac 14:15, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Cham Albanians
Hi, while I welcome your work on the Cham Albanians article, unless you provide concrete references (preferably footnoted) for some of the detailed claims and statistics you provide, this article will - like so many others - become a new arena for the edit wars so common elsewhere. --Damac 12:24, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:MacedonianSlavs.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:MacedonianSlavs.JPG. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Matt 03:31, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Rexhep Bojaxhiu


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Matt Pike

Matthew Pike (born June 3, 1972) is an American musician best known as the guitarist of stoner metal/doom metal band Sleep and the frontman of High on Fire. With High on Fire, Pike won the 2019 Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance for the song "Electric Messiah".

Early life
Pike was born in Southfield, Michigan. He moved to California after spending time in military school while living with his mother in Golden, Colorado. Arriving in San Jose, he realized the hardcore punk and heavy metal scenes were more active than the ones in Colorado. He made friends, attended shows, and eventually joined the sludge metal band Asbestosdeath. When playing around the Bay Area they developed a much heavier and slower sound more akin to doom metal. The quartet soon gained a following and changed their name to Sleep.

Sleep
When fellow Sleep guitarist Justin Marler quit the band, Sleep became a power trio. The band's second album, Sleep's Holy Mountain, illustrated Pike as a young Tony Iommi, playing Black Sabbath-styled riffs.

As a result of the increased press, the band's demographic and following widened greatly, and major label deals soon began surfacing. However, instead of following a path to mainstream exposure, the band fled further underground, turning down countless major label deals and submitting the one-song, full-length record Jerusalem in mid-1996. In 1997, the band called it quits after London Records refused to release the Dopesmoker/Jerusalem recordings and the pressure the members were experiencing became unbearable. Pike couldn't come to terms with the break-up and became depressed. He soon realized that his career as a musician was far from over, and began inviting people to jam in his garage. Deciding to work in a power trio again, he brought in Desmond Kensel (drums) and an old friend George Rice (bass) to play in his new band. Within six months, the jams were headed to fruition and High on Fire was developing from a simple need to play guitar again.

High on Fire
While Pike's guitar tone remained largely the same in his new band, High on Fire, he began playing faster and more aggressively than he had in Sleep. Pike handles both guitar and vocal duties in the band, as well as writing a bulk of the material.

Kalas
Pike was the frontman of the Bay Area psychedelic-metal band Kalas (formerly Scum Angel) that featured members of Econochrist, Samiam, and Cruevo. Pike set aside the guitar for Kalas, as they already featured two guitarists; his vocals were surprisingly melodic, especially compared to his snarling growls in High on Fire. After only releasing a self-titled album, Kalas split by October 2006.

Other work
As a guest star, Pike provided the voice of a Klokateer in the Adult Swim rock comedy Metalocalypse.

Personal life
In 2012, Pike made his problems with addiction public as he dropped off the Rockstar Mayhem Festival during the summer and went into rehab. He cited health problems caused by his heavy consumption of alcohol as the reason. He admitted to having "fallen off the wagon" a few times since. In addition to this, he has admitted to suffering from bipolar disorder, and has sustained bodily injuries from relentless years of touring.

In 2018, Pike's band High on Fire announced they would be cancelling their upcoming tour due to Pike needing a partial amputation of one of his toes. Again on January 7, 2019, they announced via their Instagram that High on Fire would be cancelling their 2019 Electric Messiah tour because of Pike's risk of losing his big toe or part of his foot, due to complications from diabetes.

On August 17, 2019, Pike married musician and tattoo artist Alyssa Maucere in a small ceremony in Las Vegas. He also has a daughter from a prior relationship. Through her, he has one granddaughter.

Discography

 * Sleep
 * 1991: Volume One
 * 1992: Volume Two (EP)
 * 1992: Sleep's Holy Mountain
 * 1999: Jerusalem
 * 2003: Dopesmoker
 * 2014: The Clarity (single)
 * 2018: The Sciences
 * 2018: Leagues Beneath (single)
 * 2019: Vault Package #39 – Sleep Live at Third Man Records
 * 2022: Vault Package #52 – Sleep Dopesmoker

 * High on Fire
 * 2000: The Art of Self Defense
 * 2002: Surrounded by Thieves
 * 2005: Blessed Black Wings
 * 2005: Live from the Relapse Contamination Festival (live album)
 * 2007: Death Is This Communion
 * 2010: Snakes for the Divine
 * 2012: De Vermis Mysteriis
 * 2015: Luminiferous
 * 2018: Electric Messiah
 * 2024: Cometh the Storm

 * Asbestosdeath
 * 1990: Dejection (EP)
 * 1990: Unclean (EP)
 * 2007: Unclean Dejection

 * Kalas
 * 2006: Kalas

 * Pike vs. the Automaton
 * 2022: Pike vs. the Automaton

title: Matt Pike


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Talk:Benzin

Track change
Okay. I changed the track where Ollie was describing Benzin. The original track listed was "Mann Gegen Mann." Changed it to Benzin, because that's the song being articled.

Is the song length correct? Over 16 minutes?

 * I think that's the length of the song plus the b-sides. Shouldn't it just show the length of the a-side? --84.144.177.201 19:52, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Rammstein Rosenrot th.jpg
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title: Talk:Benzin


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Religious views of Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) was considered an insightful and erudite theologian by his Protestant contemporaries. He wrote many works that would now be classified as occult studies, and he wrote religious tracts that dealt with the literal interpretation of the Bible. He kept his heretical beliefs private.

Newton's conception of the physical world provided a model of the natural world that would reinforce stability and harmony in the civic world. Newton saw a monotheistic God as the masterful creator whose existence could not be denied in the face of the grandeur of all creation. Although born into an Anglican family, and a devout but heterodox Christian, by his thirties Newton held a Christian faith that, had it been made public, would not have been considered orthodox by mainstream Christians. Many scholars now consider him a Nontrinitarian Arian.

He may have been influenced by Socinian christology.

Early history
Newton was born into an Anglican family three months after the death of his father, a prosperous farmer also named Isaac Newton. When Newton was three, his mother married the rector of the neighbouring parish of North Witham and went to live with her new husband, the Reverend Barnabas Smith, leaving her son in the care of his maternal grandmother, Margery Ayscough. Isaac apparently hated his step-father, and had nothing to do with Smith during his childhood. His maternal uncle, the rector serving the parish of Burton Coggles, was involved to some extent in the care of Isaac.

In 1667, Newton became a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, making necessary his commitment to taking Holy Orders within seven years of completing his MA, which he did the following year. He was also required to take a vow of celibacy and recognize the Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England. Newton considered ceasing his studies prior to completion to avoid the ordination made necessary by law of King Charles II. He was eventually successful in avoiding the statute, assisted in this by the efforts of Isaac Barrow, as in 1676 the then Secretary of State for the Northern Department, Joseph Williamson, changed the relevant statute of Trinity College to provide dispensation from this duty. Newton then embarked on an investigative study of the early history of the Church, which developed, during the 1680s, into inquiries about the origins of religion. At around the same time, he developed a scientific view on motion and matter. Of Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica he stated: "When I wrote my treatise about our Systeme I had an eye upon such Principles as might work with considering men for the beliefe of a Deity and nothing can rejoyce me more than to find it useful for that purpose."

Christian heresy
According to most scholars, Newton was Arian, not holding to Trinitarianism. Scholars have generally concluded that Newton's heretical beliefs were self-taught, but he may have been influenced by then-current heretical writings; controversies over unitarianism were raging at the time.

As well as rejecting the Trinity, Newton's studies led him to reject belief in the immortal soul. Despite his unorthodox beliefs, Sir Isaac Newton affirmed infant baptism, in keeping with his Anglican upbringing, writing, "The Declaration by imposition of hands" is a Jewish ceremony. We call it confirmation, meaning a confirmation of what was done by the Godfathers in baptizing the Infant."

Although he was not a Socinian, he shared many similar beliefs with them. They were a unitarian Reformation movement in Poland. A manuscript he sent to John Locke in which he disputed the existence of the Trinity was never published. In 2019, John Rogers stated, "Heretics both, John Milton and Isaac Newton were, as most scholars now agree, Arians."

Newton refused the sacrament of the Anglican church offered before his death.

After his death, Deists sometimes claimed him as one of their own, as have Trinitarians. In fact, he was an active apologist who opposed both orthodox teachings and religious skepticism.

God as masterful creator
Newton saw God as the masterful creator whose existence could not be denied in the face of the grandeur of all creation. Nevertheless, he rejected Leibniz's thesis that God would necessarily make a perfect world which requires no intervention from the creator. In Query 31 of the Opticks, Newton simultaneously made an argument from design and for the necessity of intervention: "For while comets move in very eccentric orbs in all manner of positions, blind fate could never make all the planets move one and the same way in orbs concentric, some inconsiderable irregularities excepted which may have arisen from the mutual actions of comets and planets on one another, and which will be apt to increase, till this system wants a reformation." This passage prompted an attack by Leibniz in a letter to his friend Caroline of Ansbach: "Sir Isaac Newton and his followers have also a very odd opinion concerning the work of God. According to their doctrine, God Almighty wants to wind up his watch from time to time: otherwise it would cease to move. He had not, it seems, sufficient foresight to make it a perpetual motion." Leibniz's letter initiated the Leibniz-Clarke correspondence, ostensibly with Newton's friend and disciple Samuel Clarke, although as Caroline wrote, Clarke's letters "are not written without the advice of the Chev. Newton". Clarke complained that Leibniz's concept of God as a "supra-mundane intelligence" who set up a "pre-established harmony" was but a step from atheism: "And as those men, who pretend that in an earthly government things may go on perfectly well without the king himself ordering or disposing of any thing, may reasonably be suspected that they would like very well to set the king aside: so, whosoever contends, that the beings of the world can go on without the continual direction of God...his doctrine does in effect tend to exclude God out of the world".

In addition to stepping in to re-form the Solar System, Newton invoked God's active intervention to prevent the stars falling in on each other, and perhaps in preventing the amount of motion in the universe from decaying due to viscosity and friction. In private correspondence, Newton sometimes hinted that the force of gravity was due to an immaterial influence: "Tis inconceivable that inanimate brute matter should (without the mediation of something else which is not material) operate upon & affect other matter without mutual contact." Leibniz said that such an immaterial influence would be a continual miracle; this was another strand of his debate with Clarke.

Newton's view has been considered to be close to deism, and several biographers and scholars labelled him as a deist who is strongly influenced by Christianity. However, he differed from strict adherents of deism in that he invoked God as a special physical cause to keep the planets in orbits. He warned against using the law of gravity to view the universe as a mere machine, like a great clock, saying:

"This most beautiful system of the sun, planets, and comets, could only proceed from the counsel and dominion of an intelligent Being. [...] This Being governs all things, not as the soul of the world, but as Lord over all; and on account of his dominion he is wont to be called 'Lord God' παντοκρατωρ [pantokratōr], or 'Universal Ruler'. [...] The Supreme God is a Being eternal, infinite, [and] absolutely perfect."

"Opposition to godliness is atheism in profession and idolatry in practice. Atheism is so senseless and odious to mankind that it never had many professors."

On the other hand, latitudinarian and Newtonian ideas taken too far resulted in the millenarians, a religious faction dedicated to the concept of a mechanical universe, but finding in it the same enthusiasm and mysticism that the Enlightenment had fought so hard to extinguish. Newton showed considerable interest in millenarianism, as he wrote about both the Book of Daniel and the Book of Revelation in his Observations Upon the Prophecies.

Newton's concept of the physical world provided a model of the natural world that would reinforce stability and harmony in the civic world.

Bible
Newton spent a great deal of time trying to discover hidden messages within the Bible. After 1690, Newton wrote a number of religious tracts dealing with the literal interpretation of the Bible. In a manuscript Newton wrote in 1704, he describes his attempts to extract scientific information from the Bible. He estimated that the world would end no earlier than 2060. In predicting this, he said, "This I mention not to assert when the time of the end shall be, but to put a stop to the rash conjectures of fanciful men who are frequently predicting the time of the end, and by doing so bring the sacred prophesies into discredit as often as their predictions fail."

The Library of Trinity College, Cambridge, holds in its collections Newton's personal copy of the King James Version, which exhibits numerous marginal notes in his hand as well as about 500 reader's marks pointing to passages of particular interest to him. A note is attached to the Bible, indicating that it "was given by Sir Isaac Newton in his last illness to the woman who nursed him". The book was eventually bequeathed to the Library in 1878. The places Newton marked or annotated in his Bible bear witness to his investigations into theology, chronology, alchemy, and natural philosophy; and some of these relate to passages of the General Scholium to the second edition of the Principia. Some other passages he marked offer glimpses of his devotional practices and reveal distinct tensions in his personality. Newton's Bible appears to have been first and foremost a customized reference tool in the hands of a biblical scholar and critic.

The Trinity
Newton's work of New Testament textual criticism, An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture, was sent in a letter to John Locke on 14 November 1690. In it, he reviews evidence that the earliest Christians did not believe in the Trinity.

Prophecy
Newton relied upon the existing Scripture for prophecy, believing his interpretations would set the record straight in the face of what he considered to be, "so little understood". Though he would never write a cohesive body of work on prophecy, Newton's beliefs would lead him to write several treatises on the subject, including an unpublished guide for prophetic interpretation titled Rules for interpreting the words & language in Scripture. In this manuscript, he details the requirements for what he considered to be the proper interpretation of the Bible.

End of the world vs. Start of the millennial kingdom
In his posthumously-published Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel, and the Apocalypse of St. John, Newton expressed his belief that Bible prophecy would not be understood "until the time of the end", and that even then "none of the wicked shall understand". Referring to that as a future time ("the last age, the age of opening these things, be now approaching"), Newton also anticipated "the general preaching of the Gospel be approaching" and "the Gospel must first be preached in all nations before the great tribulation, and end of the world".

Over the years, a large amount of media attention and public interest has circulated regarding largely unknown and unpublished documents, evidently written by Isaac Newton, that indicate he believed the world could end in 2060. While Newton also had many other possible dates (e.g. 2034), he did not believe that the end of the world would take place specifically in 2060.

Like most Protestant theologians of his time, Newton believed that the Papal Office and not any one particular Pope was the fulfillment of the Biblical predictions about Antichrist, whose rule was predicted to last for 1,260 years. They applied the day-year principle (in which a day represents a year in prophecy) to certain key verses in the books of Daniel and Revelation (also known as the Apocalypse), and looked for significant dates in the Papacy's rise to power to begin this timeline. Newton's calculation ending in 2060 is based on the 1,260-year timeline commencing in 800 AD when Charlemagne became the first Holy Roman Emperor and reconfirmed the earlier (756 AD) Donation of Pepin to the Papacy.

2016 vs. 2060
Between the time he wrote his 2060 prediction (about 1704) until his death in 1727, Newton conversed, both first-hand and by correspondence, with other theologians of his time. Those contemporaries who knew him during the remaining 23 years of his life appear to be in agreement that Newton, and the "best interpreters" including Jonathan Edwards, Robert Fleming, Moses Lowman, Phillip Doddridge, and Bishop Thomas Newton, were eventually "pretty well agreed" that the 1,260-year timeline should be calculated from the year 756 AD.

F. A. Cox also confirmed that this was the view of Newton and others, including himself:

Thomas Williams stated that this timeline had become the predominant view among the leading Protestant theologians of his time:

In April of 756 AD, Pepin, King of France, accompanied by Pope Stephen II entered northern Italy, forcing the Lombard King Aistulf to lift his siege of Rome and return to Pavia. Following Aistulf's capitulation, Pepin gave the newly conquered territories to the Papacy through the Donation of Pepin, thereby elevating the Pope from being a subject of the Byzantine Empire to the head of state, with temporal power over the newly constituted Papal States.

The end of the timeline is based on Daniel 8:25, which reads "he shall be broken without hand" and is understood to mean that the end of the Papacy will not be caused by any human action. Volcanic activity is described as the means by which Rome will be overthrown.

"Antichrist will retain some part of his dominion over the nations till about the year 2016. And when the 1260 years are expired, Rome itself, with all its magnificence, will be absorbed in a lake of fire, sink into the sea, and rise no more at all for ever."

In 1870, the newly formed Kingdom of Italy annexed the remaining Papal States, depriving the Popes of any temporal rule for the next 59 years. Unaware that Papal rule would be restored (albeit on a greatly diminished scale) in 1929 as head of the Vatican City state, the historicist view that the Papacy is the Antichrist and the associated timelines delineating his rule rapidly declined in popularity as one of the defining characteristics of the Antichrist (i.e. that he would also be a political temporal power at the time of the return of Jesus) were no longer met.

Eventually, the prediction was largely forgotten and no major Protestant denomination currently subscribes to this timeline.

Despite the dramatic nature of a prediction of the end of the world, Newton may not have been referring to the 2060 date as a destructive act resulting in the annihilation of the earth and its inhabitants, but rather one in which he believed the world was to be replaced with a new one based upon a transition to an era of divinely inspired peace. In Christian theology, this concept is often referred to as The Second Coming of Jesus Christ and the establishment of Paradise by The Kingdom of God on Earth.

Other beliefs
Henry More's belief in the universe and rejection of Cartesian dualism may have influenced Newton's religious ideas. Later works—The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended (1728) and Observations Upon the Prophecies of Daniel and the Apocalypse of St. John (1733)—were published after his death.

Newton and Boyle's mechanical philosophy was promoted by rationalist pamphleteers as a viable alternative to the pantheists and enthusiasts, and was accepted hesitantly by orthodox clergy as well as dissident preachers like the latitudinarians. The clarity and simplicity of science was seen as a way in which to combat the emotional and mystical superlatives of superstitious enthusiasm, as well as the threat of atheism.

The attacks made against pre-Enlightenment magical thinking, and the mystical elements of Christianity, were given their foundation with Boyle's mechanical conception of the universe. Newton gave Boyle's ideas their completion through mathematical proofs, and more importantly was very successful in popularizing them. Newton refashioned the world governed by an interventionist God into a world crafted by a God that designs along rational and universal principles. These principles were available for all people to discover, allowed man to pursue his own aims fruitfully in this life, not the next, and to perfect himself with his own rational powers.

Writings
His first writing on the subject of religion was ''Introductio. Continens Apocalypseos rationem generalem (Introduction. Containing an explanation of the Apocalypse), which has an unnumbered leaf between folios 1 and 2 with the subheading De prophetia prima'', written in Latin some time prior to 1670. Written subsequently in English was Notes on early Church history and the moral superiority of the 'barbarians' to the Romans. His last writing, published in 1737 with the miscellaneous works of John Greaves, was entitled A Dissertation upon the Sacred Cubit of the Jews and the Cubits of the several Nations. Newton did not publish any of his works of biblical study during his lifetime. All of Newton's writings on corruption in biblical scripture and the church took place after the late 1670s and prior to the middle of 1690.

title: Religious views of Isaac Newton


text:
User talk:Tikalgirl52

Welcome, from Journalist Welcome to Wikipedia!

Hello. My name is Orane (but I go by the name 'Journalist' on Wikipedia) and I am one of Wikipedia's Administrators. I just stopped by to say Hi and to formally welcome you to Wikipedia. Thank you for your awesome contributions so far. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. I know that being here for the first few days may be a bit confusing, but you'll get used to it pretty soon.

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Proposed deletion of Homeless Animals Rescue Team

The article Homeless Animals Rescue Team has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * There seem to be many groups with this name, and this particular one does not seem to be notable. It's been a de facto orphan 9 years too. Cool Hand Luke 13:36, 23 May 2014 (UTC)

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Cool Hand Luke 13:36, 23 May 2014 (UTC) Timestamp: 20140523133600 13:36, 23 May 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tikalgirl52


text:
User talk:AllyUnion/Archive14

VFD bot isn't updating VFDL
Hi, the VFD bot hasn't updated WP:VFDL since June 27. I've had to update manually myself for the past four days. --Angr/undefined 2 July 2005 05:52 (UTC)

Footnote bot
Wikipedia_talk:Bots: I'm writing code in a modified replace.py. Do you have any interesting code fragments? (SEWilco 3 July 2005 23:24 (UTC))

Cabbage Hit
Hi. This is just a note to let you know that I've unprotected and deleted Cabbage Hit, since the troll who created it appears long-gone. The content was "This article has been recreated to protect against recreation vandalism. Please do not unprotect the article. -- AllyUnion (talk) 10:53, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)". If you disagree with my change, feel free to revert. Regards, Stewart Adcock 5 July 2005 11:58 (UTC)

Help desk wikiproject
I have created a new Wikiproject which aims to bring computer veterans and people who need help with software tools they use on Wikipedia together. I'm writing this to you because I saw you on the bot list and wanted to know if you would be willing to help. There is already an open case: WikiProject help desk/20050702 Dmcdevit. The Windows tool that Dmcdevit uses to perform Transwikis has broken since the software upgrade. Triddle July 6, 2005 22:33 (UTC)

Introduction Page
Hi! Sandbot hasn't made an edit to Introduction since June 27. I found the page in a slightly vandalized condition earlier today and although I restored it the last good version included a modified comment. Do you know if there is a problem with the Bot? See the last Sandbot edit almost 500 edits ago. I guess no one is really watching the page diligently since I left - I'll try to check in on it occasionally. Trödel| talk 7 July 2005 17:32 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the quick reply - and thanks for all the work you do on the bots - I am sure many people are feeling the pain without them doing all the cleanup - Have a good day - Trödel| talk 8 July 2005 02:07 (UTC)

sandbox
how long douse my edits say in the sandbox's history. 69.115.115.236 9 July 2005 17:07 (UTC)

Deleting Mr. Horse

 * I'm a little confused. A few weeks ago I made a "Mr. Horse" article linked to the Ren and Stimpy Show article. The other day I saw that it was being considered for deletion. And therein lies the confusion - I've only been using wikipedia for a few months, and I find it an outstanding source of knowledge. However, not all of the "knowledge" in wikipedia is non-fiction, or, for a lack of a better term, real, i.e., fiction, cartoons, etc., and there are many pages devoted to things that don't, er, actually exist as reality. Since I felt a tiny paragraph on the Ren and Stimpy page didn't do the character justice, I gave the fictional equine his own article, so if anyone had a hankering for some more Mr. Horse, or had something to add, could. I vaguely remember the neologism (to me, anyway) "fancruft" describing the article...in any case, a quick search of wikipedia brought out the following fun fact - Petunia Pig has her own wiki page. Yes, Petunia Pig, fondly remembered by all as Porky Pig's belle. Now, if the fault here is that Mr. Horse is insignificant, fine - but where do you draw the line on how insignificant? If a third-tier character from an accepted, or "classic" cartoon franchise such as Looney Tunes can get her own page, why not Mr. Horse? If I actually delved further, I'm sure I could come up with pages and pages of such "fancruft" about obscure fiction characters - if wikipedia feels that these pages need to go, then so be it, but I just don't see who they're hurting, or why Mr. Horse was targeted specifically. -- thesmokingmonkey 10JUL05

Clarifiying Mr.Horse

 * Okay, now I understand. I made a second Mr. Horse page, perhaps, and the previous deletion vote came up on the page I made. I understand your role (I think), and I was just looking to clarify my confusion - nothing personal, not trying to rock boats or misbehave. Just trying to improve the encyclopedia and play by the rules. And, by the way, I've moved the "Mr. Horse" page to a new "Ren and Stimpy Show Characters" page. Sorry for the mix-up, and thanks for responding promptly.-- thesmokingmonkey 11JUL05

suggestion for NekoDaemon and similar bots
Hi - When you get NekoDaemon running again, can you change the time it runs? I think it's currently scheduled for 23:00 GMT (if I'm doing my time coversions right), by which time it is already the next day for nearly half the world. If it ran at 11:00 GMT then the next day's entry would be there shortly before the next day starts for folks in a +11:00 timezone. If the timing is also related to a load lull, then perhaps adding the entry a whole day early would be better. Thanks. -- Rick Block (talk) 14:26, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * You replied NekoDaemon is scheduled to create a new page exactly one hour before 0:00 UTC, just like VFD Bot. Then it is scheduled to run again at exactly 5-10 minutes before 0:00 UTC to add the pages.  Then it updates and closes out the old pages 10 minutes after 0:00 UTC.  However, the thing is that when you add a new entry to the page, the system goes by UTC since everything on the Wikipedia is run accordingly to UTC.  It doesn't matter if part of the world is already a day ahead, the autolinker for the date runs by Wikipedia time, not by one's local time. --AllyUnion (talk) 06:54, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

The point is that not all CFD users understand that the relevant time is UTC, nor perhaps how to convert from their local time to UTC, nor necessarily what UTC even is (nor that the date transclude is added automatically, which is actually a separate issue that should be addressed, see Wikipedia_talk:Categories_for_deletion) and occasionally folks east of Greenwich manually add a day file and the transclude. If NekoDaemon were pushed ahead 12 hours (at least the parts creating the day file and the transclude) someone in, say, Tokyo would never be tempted to do this. They might put their CFD entry in the wrong day's section (and, hence, in the wrong day file), but I don't actually think there's any particular harm this causes. Manually creating a day file with the incorrect name or screwing up the transclude mechanism in some other fashion seems like a much more problematic error condition. Are you thinking there's some harm in creating the day file and the transclude 12 hours earlier? -- Rick Block (talk) 13:35, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * The standard that the Wikipedia uses is to follow Universal Coordinated Time (UTC), simply because that's the easiest. Greenwich Mean Time is not the same as Universal Coordinated Time (UTC), as Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) is not affected by daylight savings.  It is far easier to follow and force everyone on UTC than to follow on everyone's individual timezones.  Furthermore, as I said before, the link to add the entry should be using the Wikipedia's server time which is based off UTC.  The link is an auto-generated link cooresponding to the UTC day, month, and year.  The reason for not creating it 12 hours earlier is just to prevent from anyone wreaking 12 hours of vandalism.  I rather have a smaller window to assert that the page is fine rather than a lengthly 12 hour window. --AllyUnion (talk) 05:22, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

I fully understand Wikipedia runs on UTC (and the difference between UTC and GMT) and completely agree that it should. I'm still not understanding what the problem is with adding the link 12 hours earlier. Are you suggesting adding entries under the current "local" day rather than the current "UTC" day is vandalism? IMO this is a very, very minor user error. How about if the "active" day article starts with a header like "Please add new entries in this section" (rather than a date), and the bot changes the header to a date as part of making the next day's article active? Doing this I think there would be a small window where either there are two articles with the "add new entries here" header or there is no article with this header (I think I prefer the latter). In any event, I think we should do something to avoid the current situation where someone in Tokyo might think (incorrectly) s/he should add a new link and day article. -- Rick Block (talk) 17:01, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

FlaBot 2
Hey i still need back my FlaBot-Account. So pse switch it on and stop blocking my. I wrote a tool for Interwiki-Links so i need back my Bot. Blocking generating Interwiki in the EN-Wiki means blocking internationalisation in the Wikipedia. Greetings --Flacus 00:18, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You will have to show me support from a well-established user before I unblock your bot, and the request must be made at Wikipedia talk:Bots. --AllyUnion (talk) 05:27, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

I have support. i nearly daily write with a Bot-Developer and put my ideas and my patches to him .. so he can fix, develop the bot .. i have always the last working Version from CVS so stop blocking my from work. Here is someone working for the wiki. --Flacus 03:32, 15 July 2005 (UTC) I am a will established user .. look at the number of edits i made in german wiki. I nearly daily talk with user of zwibot or Head and a few other german Bot user. You blocked me. You can reactived me .. So pse do it or i have to talk to other about my problem with your art of blocking.

 * Again, you must have another user post approving your bot operations at Wikipedia talk:Bots. If you feel that I've blocked in error, you may take it up to Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents.  --AllyUnion (talk) 06:59, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Head postet something. i hope thats good and ok for the en-bot-policy ? --Flacus 22:41, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:Text
Template:Text has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at Templates for deletion. Thank you.
 * Most of the voting period has elapsed. Little notification is being done. (SEWilco 15:37, 15 July 2005 (UTC))
 * Perhaps explanation is needed in Template talk:Text. There is reference to this template in Template talk:Mapquest, so perhaps this is a subtemplate?  (SEWilco 15:45, 15 July 2005 (UTC))

SEWilcoBot bot flag
When SEWilcoBot was making its mess of country templates, you expressed concern over it having the bot flag: Wikipedia_talk:Bots. I have now requested the bot flag, and would appreciate if you can make clear whether you still are concerned about it. (SEWilco 15:53, 17 July 2005 (UTC))

Wikimania competition
I thought you might like to know that since a one of you images was one of the most popular WP:FPC nominations this year, I've entered it into the Wikimania Media Competition -- Solipsist 20:41, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

"User talk" bot?
Hello - I was wondering if you had, or were aware of the existence of, a bot that could post the same message to multiple users' talk pages? I am currently helping to organize the L.A. Wiki meetup, and am specifically avoiding using outside sites for mailing list purposes. It seems so un-Wiki-ful to use meetup.com, especially since they charge a fee now. Only users who have signed up would receive the one or two automated User talk messages per month reminding them to vote for a location and to attend. Any help is greatly appreciated. - Eric 23:26, 18 July 2005 (UTC) (Please respond here.)

 * Just saw the above note; if you have a bot, I would be interested in it as well so I can leave a message to all Mind Benders participants simultaneously, saving me a lot of time. Thanks a lot! Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 18:56, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Mind Benders
Hello, AllyUnion! I once again turn to you for advice. In Mind Benders, where Round One just completed, one person (ROYGBIV) got the majority of the questions first. Deryck C., another participant, suggests that I inform all users when the page is going up so that every user has a fairer shot at answering the questions first. However, I feel that either way, the advantage is going to the user who logs in first. How do you prevent this from happening in WikiFun, aside from making the questions (insanely) difficult? Thanks! Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 18:56, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Protecting my user page
Sorry for the annoyance. I'm away for a couple of days; hopefully things will calm down by the time I get back and we can unprotect it. Wish there was a way to watch user talk pages without also watching the user page! FreplySpang (talk) 11:47, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

Plautus arbitration case
It is at Requests for arbitration/Plautus satire vs Raul654. Fred Bauder 11:26, July 31, 2005 (UTC)

Sandbot script?
Hi, could I get the script Sandbot runs, to use on my own wiki? --Phroziac (talk) 20:31, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Stargate SG-1
This is really late, but I was thinking of something else when I editted the SG-1 page. I was wrong. --1pezguy 03:28, August 15, 2005 (UTC)

Abraham Lincoln precedent
User:AllyUnion - I see where you participated in the matter concerning Abraham Lincoln's sexuality that was discussed and voted upon on Talk:Abraham Lincoln. There has been a lengthy and exhausting discussion surrounding this exact same issue at Talk:Elvis Presley and the archived Talk pages as well. Because this has the potential to create a new standard for what is acceptable sources, I thought that you might want to be aware of it.

If the policy consensus you and others arrived at on the Abraham Lincoln issue is set aside in the Presley article it will result in new ones for countless others. I think your group discussion that arrived at a determination of what constituted a proper source should be defined by the Wikipedia community and set as firm policy which would go a long way in helping to substantially reduce the tiresome and repeated edit wars. Thank you for your interest. Please note I have left the same message for others who worked on this matter. Ted Wilkes 20:13, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

vandalism on the Game of Go page
You know when you complained about the size being messed up? It wasn't due to the template, but the template invocation...there is this vandal 67.32.163.29 who deleted portions of the invocation, such that the last parameter specifying size was no longer the 362th parameter, which meant that it was not parsed, and thus used the default size of the image, which happens to be 400x400 for each tile. I initially tried to assume good faith, but I noticed how the vandal only came again when I reverted his edits, and when I posted a message on his talk page and on the edit summary to ask him to stop, not did he not ignore it, he tried to delete my comments on his talk page. Please keep an eye on this. He has a previous history of vandalism too, but apparently no one bothered to warn him previously. -- Natalinasmpf 21:22, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Introduction
Help! All the introductory text above the "local sandbox" seems to have gone missing. I can't figure out if it's your newly revised bot or vandals, and I can't find the right version of the history of the page to revert to.... Mamawrites 08:01, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Nevermind, I figured it out. Sorry to bother you, you look very busy! Mamawrites 08:05, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

re: VFD Bot & Policy discussions
I think that makes sense. The name change doesn't change the fact that this box is a dynamic transclusion. It never becomes "static". Including it in the archive pages adds nothing but creates a potential (admittedly very small) for confusion. If it's still easy to remove via the bot, that would be ideal. If not, I'll do them by hand when I notice them. Thanks. Rossami (talk) 19:09, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

re:Kurando-san
first of all it seems to work great and I got a laugh on the fact that the name is a bit of a play on words, anyway what I was wondering is how often it checks FPC to do the heading moves. Jtkiefer T - 01:00, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

Creating a new day's subpage
I fully understand Wikipedia runs on UTC (and the difference between UTC and GMT) and completely agree that it should. I'm still not understanding what the problem is with adding the link 12 hours earlier. Are you suggesting adding entries under the current "local" day rather than the current "UTC" day is vandalism? IMO this is a very, very minor user error. How about if the "active" day article starts with a header like "Please add new entries in this section" (rather than a date), and the bot changes the header to a date as part of making the next day's article active? Doing this I think there would be a small window where either there are two articles with the "add new entries here" header or there is no article with this header (I think I prefer the latter). In any event, I think we should do something to avoid the current situation where someone in Tokyo might think (incorrectly) s/he should add a new link and day article. -- Rick Block (talk) 17:01, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * I apologize for this late reply. I started work and my Wikipedia activity just dropped.  The server variables control how something is added to a page.  Meaning that it is always auto-linked according to UTC time.  It doesn't matter if the other half of the world is a day ahead, the automatic link will always follow UTC time.  The concept is illustrated on WP:VFD, where it has "Follow [ this edit link ]"  The page uses these variables: 2024,  , 29 .  These variables ALWAYS follow the server settings of UTC time.  The full link in wiki text is:
 * [ this edit link]
 * Although CFD does not have this particular link, it should since everything on the Wikipedia should follow UTC time. The reason that it is harmful to add the page 12 hours ahead is due to the confusion over timezones.  We won't have any method to clearly judge the order of an entry without UTC time.  Entries are always placed with newest at the top.  But if someone signs their signature with UTC time, then the entries should be lined up according to UTC time.  Placing an entry into one day ahead of the Wikipedia may cause the entries to go out of order.  Because then you might have people adding to day after the Wikipedia, when they shouldn't.  (They add into August 21st, when the Wikipedia is August 22nd... then you have a confusion over where the entry is placed.)  Furthermore, it is not that adding entries into a page 12 hours before is vandalism, it's just that you create a window of opportunity of 12 hours for vandalism... rather than just one hour.  I can see the reasoning behind your request for WP:CFD but I strongly believe the project should follow UTC despite any date confusion.  It would be, actually, more useful adding the automatic link that says, "Add new entries following this link" or something like that.  That would force everyone on the same page and on the correct date.  --AllyUnion (talk) 09:08, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Sandbot question
I was just wondering how you can get a bot to perform an automated task, like how sandbot cleans out the sandbox. Thanks, Shardsofmetal 02:40, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Cfd log index
Hi, thanks for having your bot finish the rest of these. I started to do them manually, as I havent coded my bot to do it yet, and it's not approved. I just figured you were on wikibreak or something. Cheers. ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 19:59, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Kakashi Bot
Heya, Kakashi Bot is running pretty quickly (faster even than the 1req/10s recommended for registered bots), and spamming up WP:RC pretty badly. Could you do these things on one of your flagged bot accounts in future? Thanks. --fvw *  20:03, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

VfD/Old
Hey AllyUnion, so do you trust me to maintain Votes for deletion/Old (adding the daily link and the statistics part)? By the way, your bot does not check if a link already exists, so it creates duplicates. My own bot checks that because it is a bit more sophisticated. So what do you think? I have been wating for an answer since Sunday. Oleg Alexandrov 01:08, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I very much would like to write everything in Perl for all my bots, in particular, for VFD Bot. It's just that I haven't found any Perl code that easily gets the data from the Wikipedia and parses the wiki code.  What I've found is that there is something, but it requires a lot different modules of perl to install for it to function properly.  (I gave up in frustration, and stopped using it.)  The Python pywikipedia framework gave me a set of nice features to use, but the Perl implementation I've seen hasn't come even close to the features that the Python implementation has.

 * I would like to very much work with you in writing the code together for VFD Bot, as the stats you place on WP:VFD/Old follows much of the work required to do User:AllyUnion/VFD List. I would very much like to try to keep the maintainance from VFD Bot and have your bot account separated from that work.  What do you think?  Please reply at my talk page.  --AllyUnion (talk) 17:44, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * This is a lot of stuff to reply to. Let us start with the Perl vs Python thing. I use the Perl module Meta:WWW::Mediawiki::Client which indeed needs around six other Perl modules to install. but it is not that bad, I did it several times, on Linux. You are right that the Perl package has only upload/download features, and even those are rather limited.

 * I don't know how much I could help with the VfD bot if that needs Python programming. Python is a really clean language, but I know it little, and anyway from what I saw it is a bit clumsy to use for text processing, which is all the bots do.

 * Anyway, if there is anything I could help with while doing Perl programming, just let me know. Oleg Alexandrov 22:51, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Actually, I wrote a small Python script to read in Votes for deletion/Old, and add a link to the VfD page five days ago. It uses regular expressions, so it will not introduce duplicates, and also it will not get confused by my statistics. Could you try out the following script? Before doing that, one would need to have Votes for deletion/Old saved to disk as a file called 'data.txt'. This because I was to lazy for the moment to integrate the pywikipedia framework.

 * 1) !/usr/bin/python

from time import gmtime, strftime, time import re

fileHandle = open ( 'data.txt' ) vfdold= fileHandle.read fileHandle.close
 * 1) read the file Votes_for_deletion/Old (for now, call it 'data.txt')

day = 60*60*24 # one day fivedaysago_vfdtag = '* Votes for deletion/Log/' + strftime('%Y %B %d', gmtime(time - 5*day )) + '' fivedaysago_vfdtag_re = '\* \[\[Wikipedia:Votes for deletion/Log/' + strftime('%Y %B %d', gmtime(time - 5*day )) + '\]\]' sixdaysago_vfdtag_re = '(\* \[\[Wikipedia:Votes for deletion/Log/' + strftime('%Y %B %d', gmtime(time - 6*day )) + '\]\].*\n)'
 * 1) define the five days ago and six days ago links (first is not a regular expression, others are)

if not re.search(fivedaysago_vfdtag_re, vfdold): pattern = re.compile(sixdaysago_vfdtag_re) result= pattern.search(vfdold).group vfdold = vfdold.replace(result, result + fivedaysago_vfdtag + '\n')
 * 1) add the line fivedaysago_vfdtag to vfdold unless this already exists

print vfdold Oleg Alexandrov 02:50, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I was under the impression you have to compile the regex in Python before using it... All the bot code (For VFD anyway) is currently located here: User:AllyUnion/VFD bot code --AllyUnion (talk) 06:15, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, and the section you should look at is en-wp-vfd-old-update.py --AllyUnion (talk) 06:41, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

OK, your new code does not get confused by anything. It works as long as the tag is present. Nice. I will add the stats today then, and will see if your bot gets indeed confused or not.

About compiling Python regexps before using them, I did for one of then, and not for the other. Seems to work. :) Oleg Alexandrov 15:24, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Unicodify bot
Well, I'm running it manually, in the sense of checking each edit within minutes. So it hasn't been turned loose. But I'll go ahead and put a notice on the talk page. -- Curps 06:29, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

I have replied at Wikipedia_talk:Bots. Can you explain why you are opposed to using literal Unicode Chinese articles in English Wikipedia articles? You can hardly prevent ordinary users from typing in the Chinese name of Yao Ming or Hu Jintao or other Chinese who will be famous in the future, and from now on, with Mediawiki 1.5, all of those edits will be in literal Unicode Chinese characters. -- Curps 02:47, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Nyah!
What's with NekoDaemon's "...Nyah!"? siafu 01:12, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

VFD Bot issues
Sorry to bother you about this, but the following events occurred last night:

 * 1) Uncle G's bot created the VfD page:
 * 2) I added a VfD entry to that page:
 * 3) Seven minutes later, VFD Bot wiped it out:

Just wanted to inform you.

N (t/c) 13:57, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

VFD/PFD
Hi there! A gradual renaming process has started to move "votes for deletion" to "pages for deletion". Would it be possible to modify VFDBot to create the daily page accordingly? Thanks. Radiant_ >|< 08:36, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * See Wikipedia talk:Votes for deletion. There's still some discussion going on so feel free to join. I'm not asking that you make changes to the bot immediately, I would simply like to know if it's feasible or a lot of work or anything. Radiant_ >|< 08:37, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Consensus would be "Articles for deletion". User:Uncle G is working hard at implementing it, please discuss specifics with him. Radiant_ >|< 09:27, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:AllyUnion/Archive14


text:
Fred Schreyer

Fred Schreyer served as the CEO and Commissioner of the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA). Schreyer joined the PBA in October 2002, serving as the Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel. He later became the PBA Commissioner in 2003. When Steve Miller resigned in September 2005, Schreyer took over the leadership of the PBA, but continued in his role as Commissioner, as well. After Schreyer retired in 2011, his role was split: Deputy Commissioner Tom Clark was promoted to Commissioner of the PBA and Geoff Reiss was named CEO.

title: Fred Schreyer