text:
Erzhausen

Erzhausen is a village and a municipality in southern Hesse, Germany. It is part of the district of Darmstadt-Dieburg. It has about 7,900 inhabitants (2020). Wixhausen, a borough of the City of Darmstadt, is just South of Erzhausen.

History
Settlement in the area dates back to about 1500 B.C., as shown by several cairn burial sites found some kilometres west of the town.

The settlement itself is mentioned in documents from 900 A.D. onward under various names like 'Erardishusen', 'Erhartzhausen', 'Ebrichshusen' or 'Erndeshusen'. The oldest document of the Lorsch codex names it as 'Erhartshausen' ('Houses of Erhart').

After remaining a mostly unimportant farming village until the early 20th century, it grew strongly after the railway line from Frankfurt to Darmstadt was built several kilometers to the east of it. The habitation spread out towards it, and workers employed in the nearby cities (which could now be reached a lot easier) settled here.

Today, it is still mostly a residential village, with some commerce and office activities. There is a small seminary of the German Pentecostalism BFP movement situated in the town, Bible School Beröa also called  Theologisches Seminar Beröa .

Historic names

 * 10. century: Erhardeshusen
 * about 1200: Erhardeshusen
 * about 1250: Erharteshusen
 * 1264: Erardishusen
 * 1273: Erharthusen
 * 1273: in villa Erharthusen
 * 1282: Eradeshusen
 * 1282: Erndeshusen; Ebrathshusen
 * 1331: Erarshusen
 * 1331: Irtzhusen
 * 1413: Ebrichshusen;  Erarthusen
 * 1413: Ehartzhusen
 * 1440: Eretzhusen
 * 1446: Erhartzhusen
 * 15. century: Erczhussen
 * 1451: Erhartshusen
 * 1452: Erhartshusen
 * 1453: Erhartshusen
 * 1454: Erhartßhussen
 * 1454: Erhartßhußen
 * 1497: Ertzhusen
 * 1506: Erhartzhausen
 * 1526: Ertzhusen
 * 1541: Erhartshaussen
 * 1549: Erhartshausen
 * 1576: Ertzhaussen
 * 1579: Ertzhausen
 * today: Erzhausen

Twin towns – sister cities

 * 1997 🇨🇿 Mnichovo Hradiště, Czech Republic
 * 2006 🇮🇹 Incisa in Val d'Arno, Italy
 * 2013 🇪🇸 Malgrat de Mar, Spain
 * 2017 🇺🇦 Ivanychi, Ukraine

title: Erzhausen


text:
Leichhardt Oval

Leichhardt Oval is a rugby league and soccer stadium in Lilyfield, New South Wales, Australia. It is currently one of three home grounds for the Wests Tigers National Rugby League (NRL) team, along with Campbelltown Stadium and Western Sydney Stadium. Prior to its merger with the Western Suburbs Magpies, it was the longtime home of the Balmain Tigers, who used the ground from 1934–1994 and 1997–1999. It was named after Ludwig Leichhardt.

As of July 2012, Leichhardt Oval is the most played-on Australian professional rugby league ground in active use in the National Rugby League, having hosted 794 games since Balmain played its first game at the ground against Western Suburbs in Round 1 of the 1934 NSWRFL season, held on ANZAC Day, Wests winning the game 18-5. Balmain's first win at the ground came in the very next game of the 1934 season with a 27-13 win over University.

History
Leichhardt Oval was first used as a rugby league football ground in 1934 and became the home ground of the Balmain Tigers. The ground underwent a major overhaul during the 1970s when the configuration of the ground was changed (from east-west to north-south) and lighting installed. As it was one of the few rugby league grounds with lighting and was located close to the city, Leichhardt Oval began to be used for non-Balmain games such as the pre-origin interstate games between NSW and Queensland (Leichhardt was originally preferred to the Sydney Cricket Ground for interstate games from 1978 due to dwindling crowds in an era when NSW dominated the contests. Also, unlike the SCG at the time, Leichhardt had lights allowing for night games).

On 16 June 1981, Leichhardt Oval hosted the last interstate game between NSW and Qld played under the old 'State of Residence' rules before the permanent move to the now familiar State of Origin series. The game, which attracted only 6,268 fans, saw the Steve Rogers captain NSW, with Qld Origin players John Ribot, Paul McCabe and Rod Morris in the side, win a surprisingly competitive game 22–9. Playing that night were some of the stars of the game at the time including: Chris Anderson, Noel Cleal, Steve Mortimer, Ray Price and Les Boyd (NSW), coached by Ted Glossop, and Mal Meninga, Gene Miles, Chris Close and Wally Lewis (Qld), who were captain-coached by Arthur Beetson.

From 1974, with the ground having lights for night football, Leichhardt was also used as the base of the NSWRL's annual mid-week competition, hosting most of the games and all Finals from 1974 until 1986 before the Final was moved to the new Parramatta Stadium in 1987. The last Mid-week Final held at Leichhardt was the 1986 National Panasonic Cup Final, with the Parramatta Eels defeating Balmain 32–16.

On 4 August 1985, a crowd of 21,707 set a then Balmain Tigers ground attendance record for a Round 22 clash in the 1985 Winfield Cup against the St. George Dragons, won 17–15 by St. George. This remained the Tigers attendance record for only four years until beaten by the 22,750 who attended the Round 22 match against Penrith in 1989.

Balmain left the ground after the 1994 NSWRL season when they moved to Parramatta Stadium as part of an identity change to the Sydney Tigers. The move was not popular with supporters however and the club returned to Leichhardt for the 1997 season, with the Balmain name returning. Balmain played their final game as a stand-alone team in 1999 when they defeated Parramatta 20–10 in appalling conditions. The ground then became one of the home grounds of the new Wests Tigers team.

Leichhardt Oval Today (2000–present)
The ground remains a venue for high level rugby league in Australia although it currently holds only five NRL games a year. This decision to reduce the number of games is mainly financial and related to issues such as ground capacity, corporate facilities, and financial incentives to play games at Bankwest Stadium and ANZ Stadium. Ironically for a ground once prized for its lighting, the cost of playing night games is another factor as the current lighting is not considered acceptable.

In spite (or perhaps because) of its antiquated facilities, Leichhardt Oval is beloved by Tigers fans especially those who formerly supported Balmain. Match attendances are usually close to or at capacity. Attempts to improve facilities are underway with the goal to return Leichhardt to its place as a top level rugby league venue.

In 2007, the New South Wales Government announced it would provide finance to help in the redevelopment of the ground. Previously it had provided a loan to match grants made from Leichhardt Council and the Balmain Football Club. A group known as Stop the Rot aims to revamp the ground into a first class sporting venue. A.P.I.A. Leichhardt Tigers were renamed Sydney Tigers before the start of the 2009 New South Wales Premier League, and moved their home ground from Lambert Park back to Leichhardt Oval, for the first time in over a decade. A-League club Sydney FC also played a pre-season friendly against rivals Central Coast Mariners on 6 June 2009. The stadium continues to host pre-season games for Sydney teams, friendly games for Australian national youth teams and FFA Cup games. In 2011 Lambert Park received a major upgrade that installed a synthetic pitch, which has seen higher profile matches moved to the Oval as professional teams prefer not to risk injury on a non-natural surface.

On 21 November 2009, Leichhardt Oval hosted 2 matches in a double-header of the W-League. Sydney FC took on Perth Glory while after that Melbourne Victory played the Central Coast Mariners. During 2009, the thirty-year lease of Leichhardt Oval by the Wests Tigers Franchise, came to an end.

In 2009, the Keith Barnes Stand and Norm Robinson Stand were named in honour of Balmain Tigers greats, Keith Barnes and Norm Robinson.

From 2005 until 2012, it was home of the Balmain-Ryde Eastwood Tigers (an amalgamation between Balmain and the old Sydney Metropolitan League side Ryde Eastwood), who played in the New South Wales Cup competition. From 2013 until 2017, the club joined forces with the Western Suburbs Magpies, and formed the Wests Tigers (just like the first grade competition). From 2018 onwards, Wests Tigers changed their reserves team to the Western Suburbs Magpies. This NSW Cup club now shares its home games between Leichhardt Oval and Campbelltown Stadium.

The Australian rugby union football team Sydney Stars, a joint venture between the Sydney University and Balmain rugby clubs, announced Leichhardt Oval as its home ground in the National Rugby Championship (NRC).

On 28 June 2015, the laneway at Leichhardt Oval was named "Laurie's Lane" in honour of former long-time Balmain Tigers fan Laurie Nichols.

On 22 June 2019, two Rugby League Test matches were played at Leichhardt Oval, with Fiji playing Lebanon in game one, with Papua New Guinea and Samoa playing in the second game.

On 29 September 2019, the St. George Illawarra Dragons played the Sydney Roosters in the first standalone NRL Women's Premiership match to be played in Australia.

On 6 August 2022, Leichhardt Oval hosted St Ignatius College Riverview v St Joseph’s College Hunters Hill for the GPS rugby union competition. The game was to be played at Riverview, however, it was relocated to Leichhardt Oval due to the expected crowd of 15,000. Near the end of the match the railing of a small grandstand collapsed and several spectators were injured.

Attendance record
The stadium has a nominal capacity of 20,000. However, its recorded highest crowd figure is 23,000, which occurred for the 1981 Tooth Cup Final between South Sydney and Cronulla. The Wests Tigers' highest attendance at the venue is 22,877, which was set on 24 July 2005 as the Tigers defeated South Sydney 42–20. The highest recorded crowd for a Balmain Tigers game is 22,750. This record was set on 27 August 1989, for a Round 22 NSWRL game against the Penrith Panthers, won 33–6 by the Grand Final bound Tigers.

Proposed Upgrades
In June 2024, a AU$40 million upgrade of Leichhardt Oval was announced by the Federal and New South Wales Governments as well as the Inner West Council. Seating capacity is to be increased via a new grandstand at the northern end as well as refurbishments undertaken on the existing spectator facilities and upgrades to the players changerooms.

Interstate matches
List of interstate matches played between New South Wales and Queensland at Leichhardt Oval.

Midweek Cup Finals
Leichhardt Oval played host to 13 Amco Cup / Tooth Cup / KB Cup / Panasonic Cup Finals between 1974 and 1986.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Leichhardt Oval


text:
A Diamond Hidden in the Mouth of a Corpse

A Diamond Hidden in the Mouth of a Corpse is a 1985 no wave compilation released on the Giorno Poetry Systems label.


text:
Wabash Valley

The Wabash Valley is a region located in sections of both Illinois and Indiana. It is named for the Wabash River and, as the name is typically used, spans the middle to the middle-lower portion of the river's valley and is centered at Terre Haute, Indiana. The term Wabash Valley is frequently used in local media in Clinton, Lafayette, Mount Carmel, Princeton, Terre Haute, and Vincennes all of which are either on or near the Lower Wabash River.

Counties
Counties in the Wabash Valley include Posey, Gibson, Vigo, Clay, Sullivan, Vermillion, Parke, Greene, Putnam, Owen, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Fountain, Tippecanoe and Warren counties in Indiana. The Illinois portion consists of Clark, Edgar, Crawford, Jasper, Cumberland, Coles, Douglas, Gallatin, Edwards, Wabash, and White counties. It also may or may not include, depending on the source, Montgomery county in Indiana, and Lawrence, Richland, Vermillion, Champaign, Clay, and Effingham counties in Illinois due to the Little Wabash River.

Seismic activity
The Wabash Valley Fault System in southeastern Illinois, southwestern Indiana, and adjacent corner of Kentucky extends about 60 miles north-northeastward from just north of the Shawneetown and Rough Creek Fault Zones. A Magnitude 5.2 quake took place in the Wabash zone on April 18, 2008 at 09:37 UTC (04:37 CDT), about 41 miles NNW of Evansville, Indiana, near the community of Bellmont, Illinois. It was felt all across southern Illinois, southern Indiana, western and central Kentucky and eastern Missouri, waking people up in Chicago and St. Louis, 123 miles away. This was followed by several aftershocks and a second, magnitude 4.6 quake at 15:14 UTC (10:14 CDT). There were no injuries or serious damage reported late Friday morning, April 18, 2008. In Mt. Carmel, Illinois, 15 southeast of the epicenter, a woman was reported trapped in her home by a collapsed porch but was quickly freed and wasn't hurt, said Mickie Smith, a police dispatcher there.

The earthquake occurred on the 102nd anniversary of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.

The largest quake claimed to have taken place in this Zone was a 5.4 earthquake in 1968.

title: Wabash Valley


text:
1831 Chilean presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Chile on 5 April 1831. Carried out through a system of electors, they resulted in the election of General Joaquín Prieto as president.

Background
Following the victory by the conservatives at the Battle of Lircay, which put an end to the Chilean Civil War of 1829–30, order was restored. A new Congress was elected, and a call for presidential elections was made. A restricted number of citizens voted for electors, who in turn voted to elect a new president.

On June 2, the day following the first session of the new Congress, the vote recount took place. Joaquín Prieto was elected President, and Diego Portales Vice President. The position of Vice President was later abolished with the Constitution of 1833.

title: 1831 Chilean presidential election


text:
Ethan Allen boating accident

The Ethan Allen was a 40-foot, glass-enclosed tour boat operated by Shoreline Cruises on Lake George in upstate New York. On October 2, 2005, at 2:55 p.m. local time, with 47 passengers—mostly seniors—aboard, the Ethan Allen capsized and sank just south of Cramer Point in the Town of Lake George. Twenty passengers died, causing government regulators to consider new laws on passenger boat capacity.

Boat
There was a rumor that the glass windows on the boat had acted like a box, trapping the passengers inside. However, it was later established by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) that there were no glass windows; they were made of acrylic glass and fitted in a swing-up frame. The frame attached to the overhead canopy. At the time of the sinking, they were swung up and out of the way. They remained in that position even with the boat sinking and were still up when the boat was recovered. There were 47 passengers on the boat on the day of the incident.

Sinking
The boat was carrying a tourist group, the Trenton Travelers, based out of Trenton, Michigan. The group included senior citizens from Michigan and Ohio. They were on an hour-long fall foliage tour on the lake. When the boat capsized it sent about 47 passengers and crew, including the captain into the water. The boat sank in water about 70 feet deep, and witnesses told officials that passengers had not been wearing life preservers. There were multiple attempts to save individuals on the boat with people passing on boats, or who had swum from shore tossing them life preservers or pulling them out of the water.

Injured passengers and crew were sent to Glens Falls Hospital by ambulances from Lake George and the nearby towns of Hague, Warrensburg, and Moreau. North Warren Emergency Medical Service (EMS), which incorporates the towns of Horicon and Chester, assisted in the effort. The Water Rescue Teams, a part of the Horicon Volunteer Fire Department (VFD), North Queensbury Volunteer Fire Company, and Lake George VFD were also called to the scene. Officials of Warren County set up a makeshift morgue on the lawn by the lake, while locals helped survivors.

Victims
Three passengers were treated for major injuries at local hospitals and six passengers were treated for minor injuries. The 20 deceased victims are believed to have died from drowning, not hypothermia, as the water in the lake was 68 F.

Investigation
Speculation about the cause of the capsizing originally centered on the sizable wake of a much larger cruise ship, the Lake George Steamboat Company's Mohican, which traverses Lake George daily. However, no evidence emerged to support this theory. Tourists at a nearby camp reported that the Mohican did not pass the area of the lake where the Ethan Allen sank until 20 minutes later.

There were multiple reports by people near and around the lake of several other boats being in the vicinity. Reports from some people at local campsites claim that a speed boat had passed by, while others claim the lake was calm. Warren County Police did not confirm whether there were other boats around the Ethan Allen. The weather was also not a factor in this sinking, as the skies were clear and the wind was calm.

On October 3, the Ethan Allen was raised by investigators and taken to the Warren County Airport. The following week, the Ethan Allen was returned to Lake George for a series of tests to determine what caused it to capsize. According to WRGB, the Mohican was used during tests on three consecutive days. On October 15 it was confirmed that the Ethan Allen was making a sharp turn and that weight was a factor for the capsizing. On November 4, the alcohol results from the toxicology center showed that the captain of the Ethan Allen did not drink alcohol on the day of the sinking.

On February 3, 2006, the official police report for the Ethan Allen sinking was released after a three-month delay. The report is 530 pages in three volumes, with all the information about the Ethan Allen. There has been much discussion over whether or not the Mohican did or did not pass the Ethan Allen, causing it to capsize. People around and on the lake at the time claim the Mohican had passed 20 minutes after the Ethan Allen had capsized. The pilot of the Ethan Allen, Richard Paris, stated:

I started to swing the bow of the boat to the right and immediately encountered stray waves from the wake of the Mohican that was going northbound. The entire boat then tipped to the left and just kept right on going. Regardless of the actions or locations of other craft, the report concluded that the Ethan Allen incident was not a crime.

NTSB report
On July 25, 2006, the final report for the Ethan Allen boating sinking was released by The National Transportation Safety Board. It established that Ethan Allen had capsized as a result of insufficient stability. The US Coast Guard was responsible for the original certification of the vessel, then called the Double Dolphin. She was originally certificated by the USCG for 48 passengers and two crew.

When the owner of the Double Dolphin fitted the boat with an elaborate pipe structure and canvas top, the center of gravity was raised and, more importantly, the projected side area vastly increased. No retesting to either Simplified Stability Proof Test (SST) nor to Subchapter S is recorded to have occurred under Coast Guard oversight after those modifications were carried out.

In the mid-1970s the boat along with two other sister vessels was sold to Shoreline Cruises in Lake George. The US Coast Guard certificates were at that point still current and valid. New York State vessel regulators were given those certificates and, based on the US Coast Guard officially stating (incorrectly) that the boat had sufficient reserve stability to safely carry 48 passengers and 2 crew, New York regulators then gave the boat the same rating. In 1989, when the owner had a hard (wood and fiberglass) top installed to replace the pipe structure canopy, it was determined that its lower height more than compensated for its slightly greater weight. The state of New York did not have any method in place for assessing vessel stability and the vessel received no further testing or oversight regarding stability.

The NTSB carried out stability tests of a sister ship, to both the SST and subchapter S, and discovered that there was not anywhere near a 47-person capacity. In fact, 14 persons at the official 140 lbs. weight per person were as much as the Ethan Allen could have been certificated.

According to the NTSB, the capsizing occurred due to a series of events. The total weight of the 47 passengers aboard was far in excess of the safe passenger weight under prevailing U.S. laws. The pilot made a hard turn to the right at speed. The seating arrangement put three people on the port side versus two on the starboard side—giving a permanent two-degree list (tilt) to port—and the bench seats had no way of stopping involuntary sliding, so the centrifugal force of the hard turn caused involuntary movement of the passengers to port. That movement increased the list to port and the increased list caused more sliding. Within seconds, the center of gravity was no longer over the hull and the boat capsized.

Legal
On February 5, 2007, a grand jury indicted Richard Paris, the boat's captain, and Shoreline Cruises on misdemeanor charges of criminal negligence. Paris faced a maximum $250 fine and/or 15 days in jail if found guilty. The grand jury, which met for two months, also issued a report proposing new laws to prevent a repeat of the disaster. This was the third report about the capsizing. In March 2007, Paris pleaded guilty and received a fine of $250 and 200 hours of community service.

By Friday, October 7, two of the survivors who returned to Michigan filed lawsuits for damages of $70,000 each.

A lawsuit was brought by the victims and their families in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York against Shoreline Cruises; its affiliate Quirks Marine Rentals; boat captain Richard Paris; Scarano Boat Building Inc., which modified the Ethan Allen; Shoreline Travel & Tours Inc., a Canadian firm that organized the leaf-peeping tour; and the Lake George Steamboat Company, operator of the Mohican. On June 25, 2008, it was announced that Shoreline Cruises, Quirks, and Paris settled with the plaintiffs for undisclosed terms. In September 2008, a trial date for April 13, 2010, for the remaining defendants was announced. The portion of the suit against Scarano was dismissed because of a lack of evidence.

It came to light that Shoreline Cruises had been sold a fraudulent liability insurance policy. Shoreline paid premiums for a $2 million policy for about two years before the Ethan Allen capsized. Two weeks after the incident, they were told the policy did not exist.

The last lawsuit, in which the state of New York was named as a defendant because state boat inspectors were alleged to have been negligent, was dismissed by the state's highest court in November 2012. The Court of Appeals found the state had "governmental immunity."

Memorial
On February 1, 2006, a service to community ceremony was held at the Glens Falls Civic Center to recognize the people, including paid professionals, volunteers, and citizens, who helped during the sinking. The names of the 20 people who died that day were read. An estimated 600 people attended the ceremony. Lake George Village Mayor Robert M. Blais said that plans were in the works for a memorial to recognize the victims and the survivors sometime around the one-year anniversary of the sinking, October 2, 2006. The monument is in place on the shore near Lower Amherst Street.

In popular culture
The Ethan Allen is clearly identified in the 2019 Steven Soderbergh film, The Laundromat, as the boat which kills Joe Martin (James Cromwell) which then becomes the catalyst for the uncovering of the Panama Papers by his widow, Ellen Martin (Meryl Streep).

title: Ethan Allen boating accident


text:
Opposing Viewpoints series

Opposing Viewpoints is a series of books on current issues which seeks to explore the varying opinions in a balanced pros/cons debate. The series attempts to encourage critical thinking and issue awareness by providing opposing views on contentious issues. The online versions are managed by Cengage Gale and the print versions are available through Rosen publishing.

Each book features black and white illustrations and cartoons, bibliographies, glossaries, chronologies, indexes, activities, and discussion questions. They are published by Greenhaven Press and are heavily used in both school and public library collections.

A review of the online database, Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center, reads, "The print series has long been a staple in secondary school and young adult collections for research and debate preparation on hot topics in social studies and science."

Christine Nasso of Greenhaven Press told Booklist, "When we learned our customers wanted series content to be made available in a fully searchable database, we responded with the Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center".

In 2017, Gale offered a Chrome extension to help students identify its Opposing Viewpoints in Context results in Google searches.

Books in the series

 * Abortion: Opposing Viewpoints (2002) edited by Mary E. Williams (ISBN 0-7377-0777-1, ISBN 0-7377-0778-X)
 * Addiction: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by Louise I. Gerdes (ISBN 0-7377-2216-9, ISBN 0-7377-2217-7)
 * Adoption: Opposing Viewpoints (2002) edited by Roman Espejo (ISBN 0-7377-0789-5, ISBN 0-7377-0790-9)
 * Africa: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by Laura K. Egendorf (ISBN 0-7377-2218-5, ISBN 0-7377-2219-3)
 * An Aging Population: Opposing Viewpoints (2002) edited by Laura K. Egendorf (ISBN 0-7377-0782-8, ISBN 0-7377-0781-X)
 * AIDS: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) edited by Tamara L. Roleff (ISBN 0-7377-1136-1, ISBN 0-7377-1135-3)
 * Alcohol: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Karen Balkin (ISBN 0-7377-1216-3, ISBN 0-7377-1215-5)
 * America’s Youth: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) edited by Roman Espejo (ISBN 0-7377-1218-X, ISBN 0-7377-1217-1)
 * Animal Experimentation: Opposing Viewpoints (2002) edited by Helen Cothran (ISBN 0-7377-0902-2, ISBN 0-7377-0903-0)
 * Animal Rights: Opposing Viewpoints (1989) edited by Andrew Harnack (ISBN 9781565103993)
 * Atheism: Opposing Viewpoints (2009) edited by Beth Rosenthal (ISBN 9780737741933)
 * Biological Warfare: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by William Dudley (ISBN 0-7377-1671-1, ISBN 0-7377-1672-X)
 * Biomedical Ethics: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) edited by Roman Espejo (ISBN 0-7377-1220-1, ISBN 0-7377-1219-8)
 * The Breakup of the Soviet Union: Opposing Viewpoints (1994) edited by William Barbour (ISBN 1-5651-0067-0)
 * Censorship: Opposing Viewpoints (2002) edited by Tamara L Roleff (ISBN 1-56510-957-0, ISBN 1-56510-956-2)
 * Chemical Dependency: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) edited by Laura K. Egendorf (ISBN 0-7377-1221-X, ISBN 0-7377-1222-8)
 * Child Abuse: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Louise I. Gerdes (ISBN 0-7377-1674-6, ISBN 0-7377-1673-8)
 * Constructing a Life Philosophy: Opposing Viewpoints (2002) (ISBN 0-7377-1263-5)
 * Civil Liberties: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Auriana Ojeda (ISBN 0-7377-1675-4, ISBN 0-7377-1676-2)
 * The Creation of the Constitution: Opposing Viewpoints (1995) edited by William Dudley (ISBN 1565102215)
 * Crime and Criminals: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by James D. Torr (ISBN 0-7377-2222-3, ISBN 0-7377-2223-1)
 * Criminal Justice: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Tamara L. Roleff (ISBN 0-7377-1678-9, ISBN 0-7377-1677-0)
 * Culture Wars: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Mary E. Williams (ISBN 0-7377-1679-7, ISBN 0-7377-1680-0)
 * Death and Dying: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) edited by James Haley (ISBN 0-7377-1224-4, ISBN 0-7377-1223-6)
 * The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoints (2002) edited by Mary E Williams (ISBN 0-7377-0792-5, ISBN 0-7377-0791-7)
 * Discrimination: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) edited by Mary E. Williams (ISBN 0-7377-1225-2, ISBN 0-7377-1226-0)
 * Domestic Violence: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by David M. Haugen (ISBN 0-7377-2224-X, ISBN 0-7377-2225-8)
 * Drug Abuse: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by Tamara L. Roleff (ISBN 0-7377-2226-6, ISBN 0-7377-2227-4)
 * Education: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by Mary E. Williams (ISBN 0-7377-2228-2, ISBN 0-7377-2229-0)
 * Endangered Oceans: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Louise I. Gerdes (ISBN 0-7377-2275-4, ISBN 0-7377-2274-6)
 * Energy Alternatives: Opposing Viewpoints (2002) edited by Helen Cothran (ISBN 0-7377-0904-9, ISBN 0-7377-0905-7)
 * Energy Alternatives: Opposing Viewpoints (2006) edited by Barbara Passero (ISBN 978-0-7377-3351-8)
 * Ethics: Opposing Viewpoints (2011) edited by Roman Espejo (ISBN 978-0-73774-767-6)
 * Euthanasia: Opposing Viewpoints (2000) edited by James D. Torr (ISBN 0-7377-0127-7)
 * The Environment: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by Laura K. Egendorf (ISBN 0-7377-2230-4, ISBN 0-7377-2231-2)
 * Extremist Groups: Opposing Viewpoints (2001) edited by Tamara L. Roleff (ISBN 0-7377-0656-2, ISBN 0-7377-0655-4)
 * Extremist Groups : Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by Karen Balkin (ISBN 0-7377-2232-0, ISBN 0-7377-2233-9)
 * The Family: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) edited by Auriana Ojeda (ISBN 0-7377-1228-7, ISBN 0-7377-1227-9)
 * Gambling: Opposing Viewpoints (2002) edited by James D. Torr (ISBN 0-7377-0906-5, ISBN 0-7377-0907-3)
 * Gangs: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by William Dudley and Louise I. Gerdes (ISBN 0-7377-2234-7, ISBN 0-7377-2235-5)
 * Garbage and Recycling: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) edited by Helen Cothran (ISBN 0-7377-1229-5, ISBN 0-7377-1230-9), (2007) edited by Mitchell Young
 * Genetic Engineering: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by Louise I. Gerdes (ISBN 0-7377-2236-3, ISBN 0-7377-2237-1)
 * Global Resources: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Helen Cothran (ISBN 0-7377-1681-9, ISBN 0-7377-1682-7)
 * Global Warming: Opposing Viewpoints (2002) edited by James Haley (ISBN 0-7377-0909-X, ISBN 0-7377-0908-1)
 * Gun Control: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) edited by Helen Cothran (ISBN 0-7377-0747-X, ISBN 0-7377-0746-1)
 * Hate Groups: Opposing Viewpoints (1999) edited by Tamara L. Roleff (ISBN 1-56510-943-0, ISBN 1-56510-942-2)
 * Hate Groups: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Mary E. Williams (ISBN 0-7377-2280-0, ISBN 0-7377-2281-9)
 * Health: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Auriana Ojeda (ISBN 0-7377-1683-5, ISBN 0-7377-1684-3)
 * Health Care: Opposing Viewpoints (2000) edited by James D. Torr (ISBN 0-7377-0128-5, ISBN 0-7377-0129-3)
 * Health Care: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Karen Balkin (ISBN 0-7377-1685-1, ISBN 0-7377-1686-X)
 * The Homeless: Opposing Viewpoints (2002) edited by Jennifer A. Hurley (ISBN 0-7377-0749-6, ISBN 0-7377-0750-X)
 * Homosexuality: Opposing Viewpoints (1993) edited by William Dudley (ISBN 0-89908-456-7, ISBN 0-89908-481-8)
 * Homosexuality: Opposing Viewpoints (1999) edited by Mary E. Williams (ISBN 0-7377-0053-X, ISBN 0-7377-0052-1)
 * Homosexuality: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Auriana Ojeda (ISBN 0-7377-1687-8, ISBN 0-7377-1688-6)
 * Human Rights: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Laura K. Egendorf (ISBN 0-7377-1690-8, ISBN 0-7377-1689-4)
 * Immigration: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Mary E. Williams (ISBN 0-7377-1691-6, ISBN 0-7377-1692-4)
 * India and Pakistan: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) edited by William Dudley (ISBN 0-7377-1762-9, ISBN 0-7377-1763-7)
 * The Information Revolution: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Laura K. Egendorf (ISBN 0-7377-1694-0, ISBN 0-7377-1693-2)
 * Interracial America: Opposing Viewpoints (2001) (ISBN 0-7377-0657-0)
 * Iraq: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by William Dudley (ISBN 0-7377-2286-X, ISBN 0-7377-2287-8)
 * Islam: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by William Dudley (ISBN 0-7377-0514-0, ISBN 0-7377-0513-2, ISBN 0-7377-2238-X, ISBN 0-7377-2239-8)
 * Israel: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by John Woodward (ISBN 0-7377-2589-3, ISBN 0-7377-2590-7)
 * Japan: Opposing Viewpoints (1989) edited by William Dudley (ISBN 0-89908-444-3, ISBN 0-89908-419-2)
 * Juvenile Crime: Opposing Viewpoints (2002) edited by Auriana Ojeda (ISBN 0-7377-0784-4, ISBN 0-7377-0783-6)
 * Legal System: Opposing Viewpoints  (2003) (ISBN 0-7377-1231-7)
 * Male/Female Roles: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by Auriana Ojeda (ISBN 0-7377-2240-1, ISBN 0-7377-2241-X)
 * Mass Media: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by William Dudley (ISBN 0-7377-2242-8, ISBN 0-7377-2243-6)
 * Media Violence: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Louise I. Gerdes (ISBN 0-7377-2011-5, ISBN 0-7377-2012-3)
 * Medicine: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) edited by Laura K. Egendorf (ISBN 0-7377-1234-1, ISBN 0-7377-1233-3)
 * The Middle East: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by William Dudley (ISBN 0-7377-1806-4, ISBN 0-7377-1805-6)
 * National Security: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) (ISBN 978-0-7377-1695-5)
 * The New World Order: Opposing Viewpoints (1991) edited by Matthew Polesetsky (ISBN 0-89908-183-5, ISBN 0-89908-158-4)
 * North and South Korea: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) edited by William Dudley (ISBN 0-7377-1236-8, ISBN 0-7377-1235-X)
 * Opposing Viewpoints in American History, Volume I (ISBN 1-5651-0347-5)
 * Opposing Viewpoints in American History, Volume II (ISBN 1-5651-0349-1)
 * Paranormal Phenomena: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) edited by Mary E. Williams (ISBN 0-7377-1238-4, ISBN 0-7377-1237-6)
 * The Political Spectrum: Opposing Viewpoints (1981) edited by David L. Bender and Bruno Leone (ISBN 0-89908-300-5), ISBN 0-89908-325-0)
 * Pornography: Opposing Viewpoints (2002) edited by James D. Torr (ISBN 0-7377-0761-5, ISBN 0-7377-0760-7)
 * Pornography: Opposing Viewpoints (1997) Edited by Carol Wekesser (ISBN 1-56510-517-6, ISBN 978-1-56510-518-8)
 * Race Relations: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by James D. Torr (ISBN 0-7377-2955-4, ISBN 0-7377-2956-2)
 * Religion in America: Opposing Viewpoints (2001) (ISBN 1-5651-0002-6)
 * Sexual Violence: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) edited by Helen Cothran (ISBN 0-7377-1240-6, ISBN 0-7377-1239-2)
 * Science and Religion: Opposing Viewpoints (1988) edited by Janelle Rohr (ISBN 0-89908-406-0)
 * Students' Rights: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by Jamuna Carroll (ISBN 0-7377-3089-7)
 * The Soviet Union: Opposing Viewpoints (1987) edited by Neal Bernards (ISBN 0-8990-8404-4)
 * Sports and Athletes: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by James D. Torr (ISBN 0-7377-2244-4, ISBN 0-7377-2245-2)
 * Suicide: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) edited by Roman Espejo (ISBN 0-7377-1242-2, ISBN 0-7377-1241-4)
 * Technology and Society: Opposing Viewpoints (2002) edited by Auriana Ojeda (ISBN 0-7377-0912-X, ISBN 0-7377-0913-8
 * Teen Dating: Opposing Viewpoints (2013) edited by Louise I. Gerdes (ISBN 978-0-7377-6344-7, ISBN 978-0-7377-6345-4)
 * Teenage Pregnancy: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) edited by Auriana Ojeda (ISBN 0-7377-1243-0, ISBN 0-7377-1244-9)
 * Teens at Risk: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Auriana Ojeda (ISBN 0-7377-1915-X, ISBN 0-7377-1916-8)
 * Terrorism: Opposing Viewpoints (2000) edited by Laura K. Egendorf. (ISBN 0-7377-0137-4)
 * Terrorism: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Laura K. Egendorf (ISBN 0-7377-2247-9, ISBN 0-7377-2246-0)
 * Third World: Opposing Viewpoints (2000) (ISBN 0-7377-0353-9)
 * Tobacco and Smoking: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by Karen Balkin (ISBN 0-7377-2248-7, ISBN 0-7377-2249-5)
 * Violence: Opposing Viewpoints (2002) edited by Laura K. Egendorf (ISBN 0-7377-0660-0, ISBN 0-7377-0659-7)
 * War: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by Louise I. Gerdes (ISBN 0-7377-2591-5, ISBN 0-7377-2592-3)
 * The War on Drugs: Opposing Viewpoints (2004) edited by Tamara L. Roleff (ISBN 0-7377-2285-1, ISBN 0-7377-2284-3)
 * The War on Terrorism: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by Karen Balkin (ISBN 0-7377-2336-X, ISBN 0-7377-2337-8)
 * World War I: Opposing Viewpoints (1998) edited by William Dudley (ISBN 1-56510-702-0, ISBN 1-56510-703-9)
 * Weapons of Mass Destruction: Opposing Viewpoints (2005) edited by James D. Torr (ISBN 0-7377-2250-9, ISBN 0-7377-2251-7)
 * Welfare: Opposing Viewpoints (2003) edited by James Haley (ISBN 0-7377-1246-5, ISBN 0-7377-1245-7)
 * Illegal Immigration: Opposing Viewpoints (2006) edited by Margaret Haerens (ISBN 0-7377-3357-8)

title: Opposing Viewpoints series


text:
Talk:Booch method

Untitled
The Grady Booch Object-Development Method

Citation Links not in DNS
The citation links are not resolving, so there is no support documentation for the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.235.67.93 (talk) 15:55, 25 October 2016 (UTC)

Wrong, need citations!
This entire article is wrong, citations please!!!!! --193.63.27.196 (talk) 14:08, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

Who or what is this??
I have been a software engineer for 20 years and have used EVERYTHING. I have never heard of this 'Booch Method' once. What the?? 110.174.169.36 (talk) 07:34, 30 August 2010 (UTC)

excellent document.. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.68.121.26 (talk) 05:40, 3 January 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Booch method


text:
Kritosaurus

Kritosaurus is an incompletely known genus of hadrosaurid (duck-billed) dinosaur. It lived about 74.5-66 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous of North America. The name means "separated lizard" (referring to the arrangement of the cheek bones in an incomplete type skull), but is often mistranslated as "noble lizard" in reference to the presumed "Roman nose" (in the original specimen, the nasal region was fragmented and disarticulated, and was originally restored flat).

History of discovery
In 1904, Barnum Brown discovered the type specimen (AMNH 5799) of Kritosaurus near the Ojo Alamo Formation, San Juan County, New Mexico, United States, while following up on a previous expedition. He initially could not definitely correlate the stratigraphy, but by 1916 was able to establish it as from what is now known as the late Campanian-age De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation. When discovered, much of the front of the skull had either eroded or fragmented, and Brown reconstructed this portion after what is now called Edmontosaurus, leaving out many fragments. However, he had noticed that something was different about the fragments, but ascribed the differences to crushing. He initially wanted to name it Nectosaurus, but found out that this name was already in use; Jan Versluys, who had visited Brown before the change, inadvertently leaked the previous choice. He kept the specific name, though, leading to the combination K. navajovius.

The 1914 publication of the arch-snouted Canadian genus Gryposaurus changed Brown's mind about the anatomy of his dinosaur's snout. Going back through the fragments, he revised the previous reconstruction and gave it a Gryposaurus-like arched nasal crest. He also synonymized Gryposaurus with Kritosaurus, a move supported by Charles Gilmore. This synonymy was used through the 1920s (William Parks's designation of a Canadian species as Kritosaurus incurvimanus, now considered a synonym of Gryposaurus notabilis ) and became standard after the publication of Richard Swann Lull and Nelda Wright's 1942 monograph on North American hadrosaurids. From this time until 1990, Kritosaurus would be composed of at least the type species K. navajovius, K. incurvimanus, and K. notabilis, the former type species of Gryposaurus. The poorly known species Hadrosaurus breviceps (Marsh, 1889), known from a dentary from the Campanian-age Judith River Formation of Montana, was also assigned to Kritosaurus by Lull and Wright, but this is no longer accepted.

By the late 1970s and early 1980s, Hadrosaurus had entered the discussion as a possible synonym of either Kritosaurus, Gryposaurus, or both, particularly in semi-technical "dinosaur dictionaries". David B. Norman's The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, uses Kritosaurus for the Canadian material (Gryposaurus), but identifies the mounted skeleton of K. incurvimanus as Hadrosaurus.

The synonymization of Kritosaurus and Gryposaurus that lasted from the 1910s to 1990 led to a distorted picture of what the original Kritosaurus material represented. Because the Canadian material was much more complete, most representations and discussions of Kritosaurus from the 1920s to 1990 are actually more applicable to Gryposaurus. This includes, for example, James Hopson's discussion of hadrosaur cranial ornamentation, and the adaptation of this for the public in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs.

Formerly assigned species and material
In 1984, Argentine paleontologist José Bonaparte and colleagues named Kritosaurus australis for hadrosaur bones from the late Campanian-early Maastrichtian Los Alamitos Formation of Rio Negro, Patagonia, Argentina. In 2010, this species was thought to be a synonym of Secernosaurus koerneri. Further analysis proved the bones to belong to a new genus. Thus, Huallasaurus was named by Rozadilla et al. (2022).

In 1990, Jack Horner and David B. Weishampel once again separated Gryposaurus, citing the uncertainty associated with the latter's partial skull. Horner in 1992 described two more skulls from New Mexico that he claimed belonged to Kritosaurus and showed that it was quite different from Gryposaurus, but the following year Adrian Hunt and Spencer G. Lucas put each skull in its own genus, creating Anasazisaurus and Naashoibitosaurus.

Adrian Hunt and Spencer G. Lucas, American paleontologists, named Anasazisaurus horneri in 1993. The name was derived from the Anasazi, an ancient Native American people, and the Greek word sauros ("lizard"). The Anasazi were famous for their cliff-dwellings, such as those in Chaco Canyon, near the location of fossil Anasazisaurus remains. The term "Anasazi" itself is actually a Navajo language word, anaasází ("enemy ancestors"). The species was named in honor of Jack Horner, the American paleontologist who first described the skull in 1992. The holotype skull (and only known specimen) was collected in the late 1970s by a Brigham Young University field party working in San Juan County, and is housed at BYU as BYU 12950.

In 2002, specimen TxVP 41917-1, a partial left maxilla recovered from Bruja Canyon in Big Bend National Park, was assigned to Kritosaurus, as ''cf. K. navajovius''. Twenty years later, it was discovered to contain a number of useful diagnostic traits that allow it to be described as a new taxon, and thus Malefica was named by Prieto-Márquez and Wagner (2023). Horner originally assigned the Anasazisaurus skull to Kritosaurus navajovius, but Hunt and Lucas could not find any diagnostic features in the limited material of Kritosaurus and judged the genus to be a nomen dubium. Since the Anasazisaurus skull did have diagnostic features of its own, and did not appear to them to share any unique features with Kritosaurus, it was given the new name Anasazisaurus horneri, an opinion which was supported by some later authors. Not all authors have agreed with this, Thomas E. Williamson in particular defending Horner's original interpretation, and several subsequent studies recognized both distinct genera.

A comprehensive study of known Kritosaurus material published by Albert Prieto-Márquez in 2013 upheld the status of Naashoibitosaurus as a distinct genus, but found that the type specimens of Kritosaurus and Anasazisaurus were indistinguishable when comparing overlapping elements (i.e. only those bones preserved in both specimens). Prieto-Márquez therefore regarded Anasazisaurus as a synonym of Kritosaurus, but retained it as the distinct species K. horneri.

A partial skeleton from the Sabinas Basin in Mexico was described as Kritosaurus sp. by Jim Kirkland and colleagues, but considered an indeterminate saurolophine by Prieto-Márquez (2013). This skeleton is about 20% larger than other known specimens, around 11 meters [36 ft] long, and with a distinctively curved ischium, and represents one of the largest known well-documented North American saurolophines. Unfortunately, the nasal bones are also incomplete in the skull remains from this material. The informal name "Sabinosaurus" has been given to the specimen.

A possibly second but confirmed to be valid species of Kritosaurus may have lived in the Javelina Formation alongside Kritosaurus navajovius.

Description
The type specimen of Kritosaurus navajovius is only represented by a partial skull and lower jaws, and associated postcranial remains. The greater portion of the muzzle and upper beak are missing. However, these remains alone indicate a large body size, reaching 9 m in length and 4 MT in body mass.

The length of the skull is estimated at 87 cm from the tip of the upper beak to the base of the quadrate that articulates with the lower jaw at the back of the skull. Based on the skull originally referred to Anasazisaurus, the form of the complete crest is that of a tab or flange of bone, from the nasals, that rises between and above the eyes and folds back under itself. This unique crest allows it to be distinguished from similar hadrosaurs, like Gryposaurus. The top of the crest is roughened, and the maximum preserved length of the skull could reach 90 cm. Potential diagnostic characteristics of Kritosaurus include a predentary (lower beak) without tooth-like crenulations, a sharp downward bend to the lower jaws near the beak, and a heavy, somewhat rectangular maxilla (upper tooth-bearing bone). According to Prieto-Márquez who re-diagnosed this genus in 2013, Kritosaurus can be distinguished based on the following characteristics: the length of the dorsolateral margin of the maxilla is extensive, the jugal features an orbital constriction that is deeper than the infratemporal one, the infratemporal fenestra is greater than the orbit and has a dorsal margin that is greatly elevated above the dorsal orbital margin in adults, the frontal bone is participating in the orbital margin, the presence of paired caudal parasagittal processes of the nasals resting over the frontal bones.

Classification
Kritosaurus was a hadrosaurine hadrosaurid, a flat-headed or solid-crested duckbill. Though many species and specimens have been referred to the genus in the past, most of them do not show the shared distinguishing characteristics to allow them to be considered part of the genus, or have been synonymized with other genera of hadrosaurs. The closest relative of Kritosaurus navajovius is Anasazisaurus horneri (or Kritosaurus horneri), which, together with close relatives such as Gryposaurus and Secernosaurus, form a clade called the Kritosaurini within the larger clade Saurolophinae. Location and time separate Kritosaurus and the slightly older, primarily Canadian Gryposaurus, along with some cranial details. The following is a cladogram based on the phylogenetic analysis conducted by Prieto-Márquez and Wagner in 2012, showing the relationships of Kritosaurus among the other Kritosaurini:

Paleobiology
The nasal crest of Kritosaurus, whatever its true form, may have been used for a variety of social functions, such as identification of sexes or species and social ranking. There may have been inflatable air sacs flanking it for both visual and auditory signaling.

Diet and feeding
As a hadrosaurid, Kritosaurus would have been a large bipedal/quadrupedal herbivore, eating plants with a sophisticated skull that permitted a grinding motion analogous to chewing. Its teeth were continually replacing and packed into dental batteries that contained hundreds of teeth, only a relative handful of which were in use at any time. Plant material would have been cropped by its broad beak, and held in the jaws by a cheek-like organ. Feeding would have been from the ground up to ~4 meters (13 ft) above. If it was a separate genus, how it would have partitioned resources with the similar and contemporaneous Naashoibitosaurus is unknown.

Paleoecology
Kritosaurus was discovered in the De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation. This formation dates from the late Campanian stages of the Late Cretaceous Period (74 to 70 million years ago), and is also the source of several other dinosaurs, like Alamosaurus, a species of Parasaurolophus, Pentaceratops, Nodocephalosaurus, Saurornitholestes, and Bistahieversor. The Kirtland Formation is interpreted as river floodplains appearing after a retreat of the Western Interior Seaway. Conifers were the dominant plants, and chasmosaurine horned dinosaurs appear to have been more common than hadrosaurids. The presence of Parasaurolophus and Kritosaurus in northern latitude fossil sites may represent faunal exchange between otherwise distinct northern and southern biomes in Late Cretaceous North America. Both taxa are uncommon outside of the southern biome, where, along with Pentaceratops, they are predominate members of the fauna.

The geographic range of Kritosaurus remains in North America was expanded by the discovery of bones from the late Campanian-age Aguja Formation of Texas, including a skull, although this specimen was given its own genus name, Aquilarhinus, in 2019. Additionally, a partial skull from Coahuila, Mexico has been referred to K. navajovius.

Since the 1910s and 1930s, Barnum Brown described that an unsubscribed species of Kritosaurus, the most likely candidate being Kritosaurus navajovius, had inhabited the late Maastrichtian Ojo Alamo Formation, where the first specimen of Kritosaurus was unearthed, in New Mexico as well as the Javelina Formation and the El Picacho Formation in Texas, which was a flood plain type environment at the time of the Cretaceous. Charles W. Gilmore also made notes about Brown's work surveys and finds from the Ojo Alamo Formation whilst doing research in the North Horn Formation in Utah as well as researching the Ojo Alamo Formation himself. These fossils might be of an unknown species of hadrosaur or an undescribed specimen of Kritosaurus or Kritosaurus navajovius. However, not all of the paleontological community agrees with the age of the Kritosaurus holotype unearthed by Barnum Brown. This is due to the unconformity that divides the Ojo Alamo Formation into two parts; the older Naashoibito member, which overlies the Campanian era Kirtland Formation, and the younger Kimbeto member. Starting in the 2000s and 2010s, more research into this area as well as nearby fossil formations in neighboring states has brought more information about them to light. This issue will probably be resolved in the future.

However, confirmed Kritosaurus remains, possibly belonging to K. navajovius, cf. K. navajovius, and possibly a new species have been unearthed in the Javelina Formation and the El Picacho Formation in Texas. This genus lived alongside numerous species of dinosaurs including the sauropod Alamosaurus, the ceratopsians Bravoceratops, Ojoceratops, Torosaurus and a possible species of Eotriceratops, hadrosaurs which included a possible species of Edmontosaurus annectens, a hadrosaur very similar to Saurolophus and Gryposaurus, Gryposaurus alsatei to be exact, and the armored nodosaur Glyptodontopelta. Theropods from this environment which included Tyrannosaurus, smaller theropods like a species of Troodon and Richardoestesia, the oviraptorid Ojoraptorsaurus, the dromaeosaur Dineobellator, and indeterminate ornithomimids and other undescribed dromaeosaurs. Non-dinosaur species that had shared the same environment with Kritosaurus included the giant pterosaur Quetzalcoatlus, various species of fishes and rays, amphibians, lizards, turtles like Adocus, and multiple species of mammals like Alphadon and Mesodma.

title: Kritosaurus


text:
Frechen

Frechen (Ripuarian: Frechem) is a town in the Rhein-Erft District, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Frechen was first mentioned in 877. It is situated at the western Cologne city border.

It is the site of the 1257 Battle of Frechen between Conrad von Hochstaden, Archbishop of Cologne and the people of the town. In the 16th century it became known for locally produced terra cotta products, especially the "Bartmannskrug" (beardman jug).

In the late 18th century lignite was industrially mined. Digging for lignite dominated the city's economy until the end of the 20th century, and in 1891 the first briquette factory was opened.

On 2 September 1951 Frechen received its city-rights including the villages of Bachem, Hücheln and Buschbell. On 1 January 1975 the nearby villages of Grefrath, Habbelrath, Königsdorf and Neufreimersdorf were also incorporated.

In 1971, the Keramion, a ceramics museum in a distinctive glass-enclosed modern structure designed by architect Peter Neufert, opened to display the extensive historic and contemporary collection of local collector Gottfried Cremer.

From the 1980s onwards an increasing number of industrial, commercial and service enterprises choose Frechen as their location, so that the town changed its features considerably.

Population
As of December 31, 2021 there were 52,155 inhabitants registered.

Local council
Elections were held in September 2020.
 * CDU:                    19 seats
 * SPD:                    11 seats
 * Alliance 90/The Greens: 9 seats
 * Perspektive für Frechen: 4 seats
 * FDP:                    3 seats
 * The Left:               2 seats
 * Alternative für Deutschland:               2 seats

Notable people

 * Kirsten Bolm (born 1975), athlete
 * Wayne Carpendale (born 1977), actor and presenter
 * Pierre Vogel (born 1978), Islamist preacher
 * Ayọ (born 1980), soul singer
 * Sonja Bertram (born 1984), actress
 * Marcel Heller (born 1986), footballer
 * Lennart Thy (born 1992), footballer
 * Hannah Meul (born 2001, Professional Climber

Twin towns – sister cities
Frechen is twinned with:
 * 🇦🇹 Kapfenberg, Austria

title: Frechen


text: Template:Germany-mil-stub

title: Template:Germany-mil-stub


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Montrose Academy

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 04:09, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Montrose Academy
This is NOT a school. This is a brother/sister "web studio". The top google hit for this, is a porn site. Other google hits also show nothing to do with what the article is actually about. - Hahnchen 00:52, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom. Looks like an attempt to sneak in via the schoole keyhole.   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   05:10, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - nn. It can jolly well sneak out again. CLW 11:10, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as nn --rob 16:54, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom.Gateman1997 21:00, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. Dottore So 21:01, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Aglycone

An aglycone (aglycon or genin) is the chemical compound remaining after the glycosyl group on a glycoside is replaced by a hydrogen atom. For example, the aglycone of a cardiac glycoside would be a steroid molecule.

Detection
A way to identify aglycone is proposed to extract it from Agave spp. by using H-NMR and Heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) experiments. The HMBC experiment can be combined with other techniques such as mass spectrometry to further examine the structure and the function of aglycone.

Samples of glycones and glycosides from limonoids can be simultaneously quantified through a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, where a binary solvent system and a diode array detector separate and detect them at a sensitivity of 0.25-0.50 μg.

Clinical significance
A study on molecular markers in human aortic endothelial cells published that aglycone stopped cell migration but not monocyte adhesion, which is the initial step of atherosclerotic plaque formation. Another study exploring the benefits of extra virgin olive oil consumption in preventing age-related neurodegenerative diseases found aglycone greatly increased the cognitive performance of mice. The aglycone-fed mice displayed strong autophagic reactions, mTOR regulation, and reduced plaque deposits and ß-amyloid levels.

title: Aglycone


text:
Orland, Newville and Pacific Railroad

The Orland, Newville and Pacific Railroad is a gauge miniature railway built to a scale of 5 inches to the foot. It is located in Orland, California, on the Glenn County Fairgrounds located on East Yolo Street. It has been operating at the same location since 1993.

title: Orland, Newville and Pacific Railroad


text:
Judith Michael

Judith Michael is the pseudonym of the husband-and-wife writing team of Judith Barnard (born 1934) and Michael Fain (born 1937). Barnard has worked as a journalist, educational film writer, biographer and editor. She received a B.A. from Ohio State University and an M.A. from Northwestern University. Under her own name, she wrote the novel The Past and Present of Solomon Sorge (1967). Fain has worked as an engineer for NASA, was president of an electronics company in Canada, and published numerous scientific articles under his own name. Jointly, under their two names, Barnard and Fain published articles on marriage and the family in Redbook, Reader's Digest, and Ladies' Home Journal, among others. As Judith Michael, they published eleven highly successful contemporary novels.

as Judith Barnard
Crooked Branches on the Family Tree (2018)
 * The Past and Present of Solomon Sorge (1967)

as Judith Michael

 * Deceptions (1982)
 * Possessions (1984)
 * Private Affairs (1986)
 * Inheritance (1988)
 * A Ruling Passion (1990)
 * Sleeping Beauty (1991)
 * Pot of Gold (1993)
 * A Tangled Web (1994)
 * Acts of Love (1997)
 * A Certain Smile (1999)
 * The Real Mother (2005)

title: Judith Michael


text:
Ashley Graham

Ashley Graham Ervin (born October 30, 1987) is an American model and television presenter. Graham made her debut on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue in 2016. A year later, she published her first book, A New Model: What Confidence, Beauty, and Power Really Look Like, which contributes to her advocacy in the body positivity and inclusion movement.

Early life
Graham was born on October 30, 1987 as the oldest of three sisters. When she was in middle school, she and her family moved to Lincoln, Nebraska. She attended Scott Middle School from 1999 to 2002 and Lincoln Southwest High School from 2002 to 2005. As a youth, she was diagnosed with ADHD and dyslexia.

In 2000, Graham was scouted by the I & I agency while shopping at Oak View Mall in Omaha, Nebraska.

Career
Graham started modeling at the age of 12. In 2001, she signed with Wilhelmina Models after attending a model convention. In 2003, she switched to Ford Models. During her early career, she appeared in YM magazine. In April 2007, she was profiled by Sally Singer of Vogue magazine. She appeared on the October 2009 issue of Glamour editorial "These Bodies are Beautiful at Every Size", along with plus-size models Kate Dillon Levin, Amy Lemons, Lizzie Miller, Crystal Renn, Jennie Runk, and Anansa Sims. In 2010, Graham appeared in a controversial Lane Bryant TV commercial. The commercial received over 800,000 views on YouTube and was covered by news outlets such as The Huffington Post and the New York Post. On May 31, 2010, she appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno to address the controversy. She has modeled for such international designers as Prabal Gurung, Michael Kors, Love Mag, Dolce and Gabbana, H&M, Tommy Hilfiger, Rag & Bone, and Christian Siriano.

In December 2010, Graham appeared in an editorial for Bust magazine. She appeared in several Levi's campaigns, including Curve ID SS 2011 with Sabina Karlsson, Ana Lisboa, Marquita Pring and McKenzie Raley, and Boyfriend Collection F/W 10 with Rachel Clark, Ana Lisboa, Anais Mali, Marquita Pring and Ashley Smith. Graham has appeared in several Marina Rinaldi campaigns: Spring/Summer 2012, Fall/Winter 2012 denim, and Fall/Winter 2012 sport. Other clients include Addition Elle, Bloomingdale's, Elomi lingerie, Evans, Hanes, Liz Claiborne Macy's, Nordstrom, Simply Be and Target. In December 2012, Graham was featured on two billboards in New York for Lane Bryant. At the end of that year, she was named the Full Figured Fashion Week's Model of the Year.

In 2013, Graham designed a lingerie line for Addition Elle, a Canadian plus-size clothing retailer. She also appeared on MTV's Made, as a coach for an aspiring plus-size model. She appeared on the May 2014 issue for the international Harper's Bazaar pre-fall collection and beauty editorial. She was the cover model on the June 2014 issue of Elle Quebec. In 2015, swimsuitsforall, a plus-size women's swimsuits retailer, featured Graham in an advertisement in Sports Illustrated's annual Swimsuit Issue. The ad was part of swimsuitsforall's #CurvesInBikinis campaign. Graham was one of the first plus-size models to appear in the Swimsuit Issue. In 2016, she became the first plus-size model to appear on its cover.

Graham served as a backstage host for Miss USA 2016, Miss Universe 2016, Miss USA 2017, Miss Universe 2017, and Miss Universe 2018. In addition, she was a judge on America's Next Top Model on VH1.

In 2016, Graham appeared opposite Joe Jonas in DNCE's video for the song "Toothbrush". In 2017, she competed in an episode of Spike's Lip Sync Battle against Superior Donuts actor Jermaine Fowler. Graham won with performances of Shawn Mendes's "Treat You Better" and Shania Twain's "That Don't Impress Me Much".

In 2017, Graham released a book, A New Model: What Confidence, Beauty, and Power Really Look Like. In this memoir, she provides insight into her experiences as a model and as an advocate for body positivity, and shares her prospects for the evolution of body image in years to come. That year, Graham was also the focus of a nine-episode series on the Go90 digital network, The Ashley Graham Project.

Graham hosted second season of American Beauty Star in 2019.

Ahead of International Women's Day, in February 2022, Graham and Joanna Griffiths released ''Big. Strong. Woman.'' at the Adweek Challenger Brands Summit, a film focused on combating female stereotypes and highlighting female strength.

In 2023, Graham hosted the Countdown to the Oscars red carpet presentation show ahead of the 95th Academy Awards, alongside Vanessa Hudgens and Lilly Singh.

Body positivity
Graham is a proponent of the body positivity  and the Health at Every Size movements. In 2016, she became the first size 16 model to be featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue. Glamour described Graham's cover as "bringing size acceptance into the mainstream". She appeared on the cover of Vogue in 2017, becoming the first plus-size model to appear in the magazine.

Graham gave a TED Talk advocating self-acceptance with regard to body image, which included her looking into a full-length mirror and having a friendly chat with her body parts making comments such as: "Back fat, I see you popping over my bra today. But that's all right. I'm gonna choose to love you."

Graham has been praised by women on Instagram for sharing photos showing her cellulite. In an interview with Vogue, she said, "I definitely think that my body has changed many peoples' lives. I've used my body as a tool to talk about taboo subjects, such as cellulite or being insecure about lower belly fat—and also [how to] talk life into your body and have an affirmation kind of conversation with yourself. And I know the lives that have been changed: young girls and even women my age who have written me and said, 'I never loved the skin that I was in until I heard your journey'." Graham has said she does not prefer the term "plus-size": "I think that when you use the word 'plus-size' you're putting all these women into a category: 'You don't eat well.' 'You don't work out.' 'You couldn't care less about your body.' 'You're insecure.' 'You have no confidence.' And that is none of this [pointing at her body]"... The fashion industry may persist to label me as 'plus-size,' but I like to think of it as 'my size."

Personal life
Graham has participated in missionary work in South Africa with the Themba Foundation.

In 2023, she donated to the Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaign.

She met her husband, Justin Ervin, a videographer, at church in 2009; they married the next year. In August 2019, Graham and Ervin announced that they were expecting their first child.

In a 2017 interview with CBS News, Graham admitted that her interracial relationship with Ervin, who is black, shocked her family:

"I will never forget that feeling of just sitting there with Justin, thinking, 'I'm so embarrassed that I had to bring him in to meet these people, these people who raised me and taught me how to live, and he's being treated so terribly'. And he said to me, 'Racism is never surprising, but it's always disappointing.'"

On January 18, 2020, Graham gave birth to a son. In July 2021, she announced they were expecting a second child, which turned out to be twin sons. In January 2022, Graham gave birth to the twins at home.

title: Ashley Graham


text:
Scott Player

Scott Darwin Player (born December 17, 1969) is an American former professional football player who was a punter in the National Football League (NFL), Canadian Football League (CFL), and United Football League (UFL). He also played college football for the Florida State Seminoles and was signed by the Birmingham Barracudas as a street free agent in 1995.

Player was also a member of the New York Giants, New York Jets, Arizona Cardinals, Cleveland Browns, New England Patriots, and New York Sentinels. He was a Pro Bowl alternate with the Cardinals in 1999 and a Pro Bowl selection in 2000.

Early years
After playing college football at Florida State he became a physical education teacher at Price Middle School until 1994. Afterwards he became a teacher at Family Worship Center Academy through 1995, during which he became the punter for the Barracudas. After his brief stint with the now defunct Barracudas he became the assistant head of fitness for the City of Birmingham, Alabama from March 1996 until October 1997. During his employment in Alabama he was signed by the Arizona Cardinals, New York Jets and New York Giants but did not make the final roster on any of these teams. After his tenure with the City of Birmingham, he became a dispatcher at Roadway Express from January 1997 through January 1998, after which he was signed back by the Arizona Cardinals, finally making a roster and remaining with the team until the 2007 preseason.

Professional career
He played ten years in the NFL, nine of which were with the Arizona Cardinals and a portion of a season with the Cleveland Browns. He also played in the Canadian Football League and in NFL Europa with the Frankfurt Galaxy. Player was the last NFL player to wear a one-bar face mask, which was banned by the league in 2004. His face mask was covered under a grandfather clause.

Arizona Cardinals
Player played for the Cardinals between 1998 and 2006, earning a Pro Bowl selection in 2000. The Cardinals released him on August 29, 2007.

Cleveland Browns
On September 18, 2007 Player was signed by the Cleveland Browns after Dave Zastudil was injured. On October 8, 2007 the Browns released him.

New England Patriots
On April 18, 2008 Player was signed by the New England Patriots to compete with incumbent Chris Hanson. He was released on June 12, 2008.

New York Sentinels
Player was signed by the New York Sentinels in 2009. UFL rules allowed Player to keep his one-bar face mask during his time with the Sentinels.

title: Scott Player


text:
2005 National League Division Series

The 2005 National League Division Series (NLDS), the opening round of the 2005 National League playoffs, began on Tuesday, October 4, and ended on Sunday, October 9, with the champions of the three NL divisions—along with a "wild card" team—participating in two best-of-five series. They were:

 * (1) St. Louis Cardinals (Central Division champions, 100–62) vs. (3) San Diego Padres (Western Division champions, 82–80): Cardinals win series, 3–0.
 * (2) Atlanta Braves (Eastern Division champions, 90–72) vs. (4) Houston Astros (Wild Card, 89–73): Astros win series, 3–1.

The Cardinals and Astros went on to meet in the NL Championship Series (NLCS). The Astros became the National League champion, and lost to the American League champion Chicago White Sox in the 2005 World Series.

Game 1
Busch Stadium (II) in St. Louis, Missouri

It was a matchup between Jake Peavy and eventual 2005 Cy Young Award winner Chris Carpenter. In the bottom of the first, Jim Edmonds's one-out solo home run put the Cardinals up 1–0. Then in the bottom of the third, Peavy's control slipped away as a bases-loaded wild pitch and a two-run single by Reggie Sanders gave the Cards a 4–0 lead. However, Sanders would provide more offense with a grand slam in the fifth. That would make the score 8–0 and give Sanders six RBIs in the game. The Padres would not go quietly, though. They would scratch out a run in the seventh on a sacrifice fly by Khalil Greene off Brad Thompson after a leadoff double and single, then one more on a home run by Eric Young in the eighth off Randy Flores. After the Padres put runners on the corners in the ninth off Cal Eldred, Jason Isringhausen came on to close the deal. Yet, after Young's groundout scored a run, four consecutive hits with two outs, two of which by Mark Loretta and Brian Giles, made the score 8–5 and loaded the bases with the go-ahead run at the plate. Ramón Hernández did not deliver as he struck out to end the game.

Game 2
Busch Stadium (II) in St. Louis, Missouri

Pedro Astacio faced Mark Mulder in Game 2. The game remained scoreless until the bottom of the third when a walk to Abraham Nunez and an error by Khalil Greene on Yadier Molina's ground ball put two on with no out. After a sacrifice bunt, David Eckstein's fielder's choice scored a run, then a walk loaded the bases before Albert Pujols walked to score another. After a leadoff single and double, a fielder's choice by Molina and squeeze play by Eckstein made it 4–0 Cardinals in the fourth. In the top of the seventh, after being shutout for six innings, a double and two singles, the second of which by Xavier Nady scoring a run, made it 4–1 and put the tying run at the plate. However, a double play killed the rally and the Padres would only get one. Reggie Sanders got two more RBIs with a two-run double in the bottom half of the inning off Rudy Seanez. A bases-loaded hit-by-pitch to Nady by Julián Tavárez made it 6–2 in the eighth, but Randy Flores struck out Mark Sweeney to end the threat while Jason Isringhausen retired the Padres in order in the ninth to give the Cardinals a 2–0 series lead.

Game 3
PETCO Park in San Diego, California

This was the first postseason game in PETCO Park history, which had opened the previous year. Matt Morris faced former Cardinals pitcher Woody Williams. Albert Pujols drove in David Eckstein with an RBI double in the top of the first after Eckstein singled to lead off. Then Eckstein hit a two-run home run in the second to make it 3–0. The Cards did stop there, loaded the bases double, walk and hit-by-pitch before Reggie Sanders collected two more RBIs on a two-run double to make it 5–0 later. That would bring Sanders' RBI total to ten for the series. Then Yadier Molina's two-run single off Clay Hensley in the top of the fifth made it 7–0 Cardinals. In the bottom of the inning, Joe Randa doubled before RBI singles by Eric Young and Mark Loretta made it 7–2 Cardinals. Then home runs by Dave Roberts's in the seventh off Brad Thompson and Ramón Hernández in the eighth off Julián Tavárez made it 7–4 Cardinals, but Jason Isringhausen came on to slam the door on the Padres in the ninth despite allowing a single and walk with Ryan Klesko's groundout ending the series.

Composite box
2005 NLDS (3–0): St. Louis Cardinals over San Diego Padres

Game 1
Andy Pettitte faced Tim Hudson in Game 1. Hudson struggled in his half of the first, giving up one run (on Morgan Ensberg's RBI single) on a walk and two hits, but got out of the inning with a crucial double play. Pettitte allowed a home run to Chipper Jones to tie the game, but otherwise cruised. The game remained 1–1 until the third when a bases-loaded (on a double and two walks) two-run single by Ensberg made it 3–1 Astros. A hit-by-pitch loaded the bases again, but Hudson got Adam Everett to ground out to end the inning. Next inning, Brad Ausmus hit a leadoff double, moved to third on a sacrifice bunt, and scored on Craig Biggio's sacrifice fly to make it 4–1 Astros. In the Braves' fourth, Andruw Jones hit a two-run home run to make it a one-run game. A walk and a bunt single put the tying run in scoring position later in the inning, but Brian Jordan grounded into a double play to end the rally. Pettitte would help his own cause in the seventh with the game still at 4–3, doubling and scoring on an RBI hit by Ensberg. It was now 5–3 and Hudson was finished. In the eighth, with Chris Reitsma pitching, the Astros opened the floodgates with a five-run rally, loading the bases on two singles and a walk before Jeff Bagwell's RBI single made it 6–3 Astros. John Foster in relief struck out Lance Berkman, but walked Ensberg to force in a run before a wild pitch scored another. After Jason Lane was intentionally walked to reload the bases, Orlando Palmeiro capped the inning's scoring with a two-run single that made it 10–3 Astros. The Braves scored two runs on Jones's RBI double in the eighth with two on off Dan Wheeler and the ninth on Johnny Estrada's RBI single after a leadoff triple off Russ Springer, but Mike Gallo got Rafael Furcal to hit into the game-ending double play as the Astros won Game 1 10–5.

Game 2
Roger Clemens faced John Smoltz in Game 2. Smoltz ran into trouble when he allowed two consecutive singles with one out. After a forceout, Jason Lane singled in Lance Berkman to make it 1–0 Astros. He intentionally loaded the bases, but got out of the inning with no more damage done. Then the Braves struck back against Clemens. With two outs and two men on, Brian McCann came up in his first ever postseason at-bat. He then slammed a three-run home run to right field, becoming the first Brave ever to homer in his first postseason at-bat. That sparked the Braves as they would go on to score two more in the third on a two-run double by Adam LaRoche. Smoltz pitched masterfully and the Braves added to their lead in the seventh on RBI singles by Andruw Jones and Jeff Francoeur off Chad Qualls. The Braves' victory in Game 2 was their last postseason win until 2010.

Game 3
Jorge Sosa faced Roy Oswalt in Game 3. Sosa fell behind early, allowing a double and hit-by-pitch before Morgan Ensberg's double and Jason Lane's sacrifice fly gave the Astros two runs in the first. The Braves tied the game in the next inning with back-to-back two out RBI singles by Brian McCann and Sosa. However, Mike Lamb hit the go-ahead home run in the bottom of the third. The two pitchers dueled until the bottom of the seventh when Chris Reitsma once again came into a close game. Reitsma allowed a double and single and the Braves' bullpen could do little to stop the Astros' rally. Lance Berkman hit an RBI single off John Foster, then Joey Devine allowed an RBI double to Ensberg and RBI single to Lane. Adam Everett's sacrifice fly off Jim Brower capped the inning's scoring. The Braves got a run in the eighth thanks to an RBI double by Andruw Jones off Dan Wheeler after Marcus Giles singled to lead off against Roy Oswalt, but no more. Brad Lidge pitched a scoreless ninth as the Astros won Game 3 7–3.

Game 4
The final game of the series lasted 18 innings and set records as the longest game in the history of Major League Baseball's postseason, both in terms of time and number of innings. This was two innings longer than another Astros playoff game, Game 6 of the 1986 NLCS, which went 16 innings, with the New York Mets prevailing 7–6. This record was broken (by $2/3$ of an inning) by Game 2 of the 2014 NLDS, when the San Francisco Giants defeated the Washington Nationals 2–1. Coincidentally enough, Tim Hudson started both the 2005 and 2014 games, in the former as a Brave and the latter as a Giant. Additionally, Adam LaRoche was on the losing team in both games. Coincidentally also, the score of this game matched the score of Game 6 of the 1986 Series, except that in 1986, the Astros were on the losing end.

In the third, the Braves loaded the bases on two walks and a hit-by-pitch off Brandon Backe when Adam LaRoche's grand slam put them up 4–0. In the fifth, Andruw Jones's sacrifice fly with runners on second and third made it 5–0 and knocked Backe out of the game. In the bottom of the inning, the Astros loaded the bases on three singles but only scored once on Orlando Palmeiro's sacrifice fly. Brian McCann's home run in the eighth off Wandy Rodriguez made it 6–1 Braves, but in the bottom of the inning, a grand slam by Lance Berkman off Kyle Farnsworth (two runs charged to Hudson) and a home run by Brad Ausmus in the ninth off Farnsworth (with the Astros down to their last out) sent the game to extra innings. The second half of the game included three innings of relief by Roger Clemens, appearing as a pinch-hitter in the 15th inning and pitching in relief for only the second time in his career (and appearing this time only because the Astros were out of pitchers). Chris Burke hit the game-ending home run in the bottom of the 18th off Atlanta rookie Joey Devine, giving Houston the series victory and sending them to the NLCS to face the St. Louis Cardinals.

In addition to being at the time the longest postseason game in MLB history, it was also the only postseason game to include two grand slams, Lance Berkman's and Adam LaRoche's. At the time, some commentators pointed to this game as the greatest game in Houston Astros history, and one of the best games in the history of MLB playoffs.

Even more remarkable than the game's length, perhaps, is the fact that the fan who caught Chris Burke's walk-off homer in the 18th was the same fan who had caught Lance Berkman's grand slam in the eighth (Section 102, Row 2, Seat 15); the fan later donated both balls to the Baseball Hall of Fame.

Composite box
2005 NLDS (3–1): Houston Astros over Atlanta Braves

title: 2005 National League Division Series