text:
Talk:Gilt-edged securities

Clean up of the page
I have just reinstated my earlier version, which just added information to an - unchecked - existing article. The said article did not concentrate on the gilt markets' essentials. I am perfectly aware that by simply reinstating an earlier version, I may have erased some valuable addings. However, I have the greatest doubts as to the general quality of what has been added - and thus, sadly, initially written - by User:EconomistUK, since he or she has erased perfectly valid information and replaced it with what cannot be anything else than the most blatant propaganda. I thus intend to check every part thoroughly. Htournyol 20:52, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Blatant propoganda? Your edit of the article was highly POV - and the content on the background to the MFR belongs (if anywhere) in the MFR article (noting that MFR will be replaced). My latest edit attempted to what you had written and use published data on the gilt market to verify it. I admit the data could probably have been referenced - and that needs doing.

 * It may also be worthwhile splittng the article into two - one on gilts (what they are) and one on the gilts market. I'm reverting the artcile to prior to your edit so we can work this out.

EconomistUK 07:56, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Apparently gilt issuance has picked up tremendously since I stopped doing bond arbitrage in 2002 and retired from financial markets - although this does not show in LIFFE's gilt futures volume, which has indeed shrank further. Gilt futures trade on average 50,000 contracts a day, which is peanuts compared to the 1,5 million Bund futures. True, recent gilt issues now have outstanding amounts comparable to those of Bunds or OATs. However, this new found liquidity is extremely recent and the gilt market squeezed mightily at several times during the last 15 years, notably in 1998 and 2000, with swap spreads reaching levels (150bps) not compatible with a civilized government bond marked. Anyone prentending that until three years ago the gilt market was liquid and not a victim of structural imbalances and prone to endemic squeezes does not know what he or she is talking about, and certainly has never traded it. That the DMO would obviously like everyone to forget about the gilts' dissolute recent past is certainly understandable, from a commercial point a view, as their job is selling gilts to investors. However, structural factors remain : 1) this market is insular 2)  pension-fund driven 3) and still subject to the MFR - about which the DMO's website is remarkably silent. Structural imbalances have even spilled unto the swap market, a remarkable feat since swaps are theoretically infinite : for the past seven years, 15y/15y forward swap spreads between euro and sterling have been negative to the tune of hundreds of basis points (sterling through euro) in spite of higher inflation. This aberration only corrected in 2005 (see: ). Htournyol 10:05, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I am aware that the Gilt market has in the past been characterised as old-fashioned/quirky/insular - you just have to look at a Pember & Boyle description of one year in the 1970s iirc as being "all gas and gaiters in the gilt market". However, this is to some extent history (but worth pointing out as such). Nevertheless, the market has modernised significantly, particularly in the 1990s - the start of the gilt repo market in 96, the reduction of the ex-dividend period for gilts from 37(!) to 7 working days, changes to the tax regime, the introduction of the strips market (ok so it hasn't taken off that much for certain reasons), move to actual/actual daycount (98 I think), trading in decimals, move to 3m index-linked gilts etc. Also, the market is certainly less insular if you look at the latest ONS figures on holdings of gilts - they show that at the end of Q1 2005, nearly a quarter of gilts (23%) were held overseas.

 * As far as liquidity goes - I think it is worth looking at both liquidity and yields from a chronological perspective, rather than making a general statement. Turnover data suggests that liqudity is increasing at present and has probably been doing so as a function of increased issuance. Certainly, demand for gilts (and hence yields) were affected by MFR (Googling the DMO's website shows that one of their annual reviews has an article looking at the impact of the MFR - and which could form a useful starting point for a bit on the impact of MFR on gilts, although I'd refer readers for more MFR specific details to Minimum funding requirement) and other regulatory changes (such as FRS 17). The falling level of gilt issuance (inc 3G impact) at the time also played a part in reducing turnover at the end of the 90s  - however, if you look at the auction history during the period that gilt issuance was lower - most of it was concentrated at longer maturities. Issuance also tends to be concentrated in fewer gilts these days - if you look back to the 1980s there were over a hundred different gilts (there are now about 50ish), and they all tend to be larger in size.

 * You're right to say gilt demand is particularly pensions driven - 60% of holdings of gilts are by pension funds and insurance companies. However, that doesn't necessarily mean that gilts are illiquid, but it may account for why for example index-linked gilts are less liquid than conventional gilts (given pension funds are typical buy and hold investors). It's also worth noting the recent issuance of a 50 year conventional and index-linked gilt. I think we both know enough about the gilt market to together produce a comprehensive and balanced article on the gilt market.  There also remains the question as to whether, given the potential size of any article (and the current stuff on types of gilt) it is worth producing two articles: one on say gilts - what they are, how they work, and one on the gilt market, linked from the gilts page, outlining developments in the gilt market (which could start at intially in the 1990s, and be expanded further backwards, ideally all the way to 1694).

EconomistUK 22:00, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Itches :
 * 1) I cannot find reliable information as to the origin of the bonds' name - sure, as the DMO say in bold typeface, the term gilt-edged has indeed come to referring to the soundness of the bonds, but stories about the certificates at one point in history being printed on gilt-edged paper abound, not least here
 * 2) LIFFE do not have any record of the gilt contract having traded before March, 1986, which is quite consistent with both the distant memories I have of that time and a virtual impossibility of its actually pre-dating Big Bang - where did your 1982 date come from?
 * 3) I cannot find the actual date when the gilts' near monopoly on BoE open market operations was ended - it was sometimes in 2000, I think -  which cost short end gilts a good 40 bps in premium over other instruments.
 * 4) Asset swap historical data seems to be difficult to find on the net outside Bloomberg - which, incidentally, is approximative at best. I have been googling for it but to no avail so far. A graph of the UKT 6% 2028's asset swap spread would definitely be a good addition to the article.

 * Also I am not entirely sure we need to split the article - or hairs. We can surely keep it down to manageable size.

 * As to pensions demand, I have found in a DMO annual report that UK pension funds held 70% of all gilts in March 2002, just before the recent issuance wave started and after gilt outstandings had been slightly regressing for 2 years... That was totally unprecedented, and made for a Potemkin market as pension funds do lend out bonds on repo to anyone with a good credit rating and the guts to short them ... As a) UK pension funds are still (luckily) over-invested in equities and b) the baby boom retirement wave is on us, which should entail more demand for bonds, pension fund regulations will still be of paramount importance to gilts even after the MFR is put to rest. Htournyol 14:20, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Some more thoughts:
 * 1) The term gilts - have consulted a few books on the gilt market, the only reference I can find in a CSFB publication on the gilt market by Christopher Belchamber, which refers to the practice of producing stock certificates with gilt edges. Other material refers to their security - I think this is something that has got lost in the ether - probably worth mentioning both.  May be worth having very potted history on gilt market – inc recent reforms.
 * 2) Long gilt future - I checked in (the seminal) guide to the gilt market by Pat Phillips - this refers to the long gilt future starting in 1982 (which also mentions short and medium gilt futures abolished 17 Jan 1990). It also gets mentioned in the DMO's investors guide if I remember correctly.
 * 3) I haven't got any asset swap data to hand - if we get any may be worth looking at another stock than 6% 2028 - it's smaller than most gilts of that maturity and hasn't been auctioned for the last 6ish yrs.  Alternatively, in the meantime a chart of turnover (year by year) in the gilt market may be useful.  There’s also a useful piece on market liquidity in DMO annual review in 99/00 (before the increase in issuance).
 * 4) OMOs – will see what I can find.
 * 5) Pensions – I think the article has to have a section on demand for gilts, which can talk about extensive demand from pensions funds for gilts, and likely future demand (despite the end of MFR), given other regulations inc. FRS 17, demographics, etc.   Here also worth mentioning recent 50yr issuance & consultation.  Illustration via a chart/table of pensions & investment co. holdings (I think they are grouped together) may be good.  (Could also do something on overseas demand for gilts).EconomistUK 12:41, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * A different point of view.. As far as I can tell we're now getting into such detail in material for this article, that there is little to support the poor reader who does not have a financial background. Arguing about asset swap spreads seems pretty obscure if there is not even an article about credit spreads let alone asset swaps. Explaining the effects of changing demographics on the dynamics of the Gilt market also seems pretty vague if there isn't even a seperate entry for 'pension funds' or 'insurance companies'. Same goes for 'bond future'.
 * It seems that all this is to (dis)prove a point: is the market liquid or not. I completely understand Htournyol's attitude towards liquidity in the Gilt market. I know from experience how easily you get (obscenity removed) by gilt traders. The problem is though, that liquidity is a relative concept, which is very difficult to quantify. When do you call a market liquid? If you can get a (tradable!) 5 cent bid/offer in £10 mio? 3 cents in 100? Is the market illiquid because you can't get quotes over lunch (...)? Any evidence is relative and circumstantial. Why does a small futures market imply an illiquid market? Why does a large asset swap spread imply an illiquid market? I can see how you can make the argument, but it is not trivial.
 * Anyone fancies writing anything on Bunds or OAT's...? - DocendoDiscimus 14:28, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

EconomistUK 15:21, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree we might have lost sight of our readers - the article certainly has the potential to become far too technical for a reader without a financial background. I suppose the problem is that there is so much material we could put in an article on gilts (from what gilts are all the way to settlement, daycount conventions, gilt history etc), that you immediately feel like writing about everything and anything on the subject. So perhaps if we keep the article to start with to what gilts are, why (and in what quantity) they are sold and who buys them (and why they buy them), without getting too technical, it would be a useful start. As far as other government bond markets go, I think it might be good to build up List of government bonds and start some pages for each of the bond markets.

Title
This title violates WP:NAME, which normally requires singulars. It should probably be moved to something like Gilt (bond). Hairy Dude (talk) 17:08, 7 June 2008 (UTC)

Gilt ethymology
{Ethymology seems to be a weirdly but commonly recognized misspelling of etymology. When my edit of the following unattributed entry heading caused a Wikipedia programming error.}--Wikidity (talk) 19:56, 8 August 2011 (UTC)

Gilt etymology
I thought Gilt had an etymological history as in Germanic languages such as old English gilt means both money (German: geldt), DEBT AND guilt. Guilt also means debt still in Scandinavian (and Germanic). As in being guilty of having to pay back.--unidentified contributor & date

'Gilt' originally referred to valuable documents which were expected to be kept for a long time, and which usually had gold applied to the edges to preserve the interior(written surfaces) of a folio or stack from oxidation and other deterioration, which could eventually make the document unreadable.--Wikidity (talk) 19:46, 8 August 2011 (UTC)

Mature Gilt
Isn't a gilt a bond you buy for which the bearer will be paid a sum of money of interest for a set period of time after which the initial purchase price is refunded or if it's not, please explain because the article doesn't actually say this but it does say some things about bi-annual payments, interest rates and maturity... ~ R.T.G 13:16, 19 November 2009 (UTC)

 * And if that was complicated, let's say the governemnt offers me 1 gilt for £100 at %10 for 10 years and I snap it up. Is that a possible gilt and if so, what exactly goes on then? ~ R.T.G 13:19, 19 November 2009 (UTC)

Bank Of England now owns 33% of all UK government debt (May 2012)
Reported on the BBC "Today" radio program (date 10/05/2012), by Simon Jack The bank of England now owns a third of all government debt due to it's quantitative easing program of buying Gilts. So one government entity owns a third of the country's government debt. This is surely worthy of a mention in the main page. The snake eating it's own tail! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.121.186.28 (talk) 11:48, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

Source for citations
Two pages on my website have lots of data, carefully linked to original sources: Conventional Gilts, ≥1946, and Gilts: linkers and perpetuals and floaters. Obviously wikipedians should, as much as possible, prefer to cite the linked source rather than my pages. JDAWiseman (talk) 09:45, 16 June 2016 (UTC)

Stats
It would be interesting to see a chart of the amount outstanding over decades and centuries. -- Beland (talk) 16:42, 27 January 2023 (UTC)

Logistics of payment
I'm curious how the payments actually get made. Bearer bond and Coupon (finance) describe one way of doing it - the bond holder has a physical piece of paper, and they get cash when they present the paper. (And they detach a separate piece of paper for each intermediate interest payment, if any.) That must create a problem of people failing to show up on time to collect that money and unpaid debt just sort of sits around? But with the undated bonds, it seems like the holders would have to be registered somehow so that they can receive ongoing interest payments and then suddenly the principal when the government decides to pay that. It would be interesting to know which sort of system was used for what and when in the UK, and the benefits and problems of each system. -- Beland (talk) 16:57, 27 January 2023 (UTC)

LDI crisis
I have cut the excessively-long blow-by-blow essay about two weeks in a +400 year history of gilts which was actually mostly about fiscal policy and the LDI crisis, not gilts, and does not provide a balanced commentary (e.g. it did not mention that gilt prices started spiking before the budget, not after, nor did it mention that the £65bn facility from the Bank wasn't needed and was barely used (and what money was used actually turned a profit for the Bank), nor did it mention the authorities had been warned about LDI risk for years and the rising gilt prices did not cause the problems rather it exposed them, nor that Sterling had been plummeting against the US Dollar for the previous nine straight months at no less rapid a rate as it did after the budget). It's also one of many times gilt prices have spiked over 400+ years, yet none of these other events is mentioned even though many were larger spikes with more significant long-term effects. Any restoration of text relating to the events of October 2022 should be proportionate to the overall scope and size of the article, specific to gilts, and balanced. If you want Wikipedia to record the LDI crisis, there is a page for LDI. 82.21.19.72 (talk) 01:02, 22 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gilt-edged securities


text:
Talk:James Bond Jr.

This article needs editing
There are a lot of statements like this one...

"While revolving around the nephew of James Bond, no surviving relatives are mentioned in Fleming's novels"

...that make NO grammatical sense since they contain misplaced modifiers. A competent writer really needs to clean this all up. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.184.74.7 (talk) 12:17, 11 June 2019 (UTC)

2005 comments
there are only two words that i can say bouth this

1. OH

2. DEAR

i am ashamed - as any james bond fan should be.

 * What are you talking about? James Bond Jr. was a great series! — J I P  | Talk 08:53, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

And any actual Bond fan knows how to spell "both"

James Bond Jr was an adequete variation on the Bond concept, what are you, a TZ member? ^_^

 * It was a cartoon show for kids made in the early 90's... this isn't a Bond film, this isn't 24 or Law&Order or CSI. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.224.105.227 (talk) 03:03, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

gay voice tone
His voice tone (in his dubbing in most countries, mainly in United States, Brazil and Latin   America) depicts him as a "gay"-sounding guy.

I removed this line from the article because it is POV and impossible to verify objectively. Deepak 15:36, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

"free world"
This term itself seems vague and contestable.

 * If the term was used in the show I could see an argument for keeping it in (ideally in quote form), but otherwise I think it should get the boot.--Eloil 01:23, 4 May 2007 (UTC)

Cleanup Tag
I've tagged this with cleanup. The whole article is a succession of lists, and the lists aren't very well formatted. The episode list in particular needs much work. Also, I'm not sure that the lyrics to the theme should really be here. -Sopoforic 03:10, 14 November 2006 (UTC) If James Bond Jr. was his nephew, he wouldn't be called Junior. He would have to be his son. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.10.96.51 (talk) 20:19, 19 March 2010 (UTC)

Episode List
I have created a episode list on my sandbox but it will take ages to do the synopsis for each episodes any help would be appreciated plus my English writing skills are not that good. this link is User:Sfxprefects/ James Bond, Jr thanks Sfxprefects (talk) 15:29, 22 May 2010 (UTC)

Petition
If anyone is interested there is currently a petition to get James Bond Jr. brought out on DVD. James Bond Jr. petition

Thanks Sfxprefects (talk) 19:00, 2 December 2011 (UTC)

Observation...
Writers also are artists, why not change "artists" for "cartoonists"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Saviochristi (talk • contribs) 19:53, 30 December 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:James Bond Jr.


text:
The Destructors

"The Destructors" is a 1954 short story written by Graham Greene, first published in Picture Post and subsequently collected in Twenty-One Stories later that year.

Plot
Set in the mid-1950s, the story is about the "Wormsley Common Gang", a boys' gang named after the place where they live. The protagonist Trevor, or "T.", devises a plan to destroy a beautiful 200-year-old house that survived The Blitz. The gang accepts the plan by T., their new leader, and executes it when the owner of the house, Mr. Thomas (whom the gang call "Old Misery"), is away during a bank holiday weekend. Their plan is to destroy the house from inside, then tear down the remaining outer structure. Mr. Thomas returns home early, however, and the gang locks him in the outhouse. T. refuses to stop until the destruction job is complete, because even the facade is valuable and could be reused. Inside, they find a mattress filled with money—which they burn. The final destruction of the house occurs when a lorry pulls away a support pole from the side of the house. Mr. Thomas is released from the outhouse by the lorry driver to see the rubble of what once was his home. When the driver finds the situation funny, Mr. Thomas is incensed, but the driver is still unable to stop laughing.

Television adaptation
"The Destructors" was adapted for television as part of the 1970s British drama series Shades of Greene. It starred Michael Byrne, Phil Daniels and Nicholas Drake, directed by Michael Apted with a TV debut for actor Andrew Paul.

Allusions and references in other works

 * In the film Donnie Darko (2001), the title character contributes to discussion of "The Destructors" in his English class, stating that the story is ironic —showing how destruction is a form of creation. A parent of a pupil protests the use of this book in the curriculum during a PTA meeting, implying that it inspired an incident of vandalism to the school —a broken water main (which flooded the building) and an axe in the head of the mascot statue—in a manner similar to the protagonists of Greene's story.

title: The Destructors


text:
Talk:Grid connection

Merge/redirect
I thought long and hard about where to redirect this, rather than creating a new stub.

The problem is that the distinction between electric power transmission, electricity distribution and electricity retailing is still (sadly) irrelevant in many parts of the world. One answer to this is an overview article somewhere that doesn't rely on these first-world concepts, which is what I hope this will become.

It could obviously be merged to several places, but I preach caution. There will be a great deal of refactoring required, to eliminate the first world bias of the target article, in order to do this properly. These refactors are probably a good idea anyway, but IMO they should happen first, and I found the prospect rather daunting! Andrewa 20:55, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

I'd like to suggest we make a new page that describes the electrical grid (or electrical power network) in general terms. I agree that we need an overview article. I think the electric power transmission page attempts to do this, but frowns upon the term "grid". I think it's a perfectly legitimate term as a well known utility has the name "National Grid. "Grid" is also common in American vernacular. How about if I make some edits to your page to provide an overview, and we make plans to move the page to something like "electrical grid"? --DavidDHaynes 00:57, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

---

"Power grid" redirects to Electric power transmission. I think "grid connection" and "power grid" should direct to the same article, so I propose a merge. -- Beland (talk) 00:02, 20 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Merge away - I don't see anything that needs to be in a separate article. --Wtshymanski (talk) 02:07, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

---

Grid connection is an issue that plays at both distribution and transmission level. It is covered very broadly, including distributed generation and smart grids, to the extend that one may ask the question whether 'grid connection' is the right title. It is quite a different issue from AC power transmission which is about bulk power transfer, cabling ssytems, system operation, voltage & frequency stability etc. So I prefer to keep these pages separate. Hans De Keulenaer (talk) 14:56, 19 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree. There needs to be greater clarity between the structural clear distinction at a number of levels between intra network connections within a local grid, and inter grid connections between distinct networks.  Intergrid connections are unique at the levels Hans listed, and if I may reiterate: the economics of bulk transmission, the regulatory environment, technologies used, topology, power management techniques, and impact on national energy and global warming strategies.  Intergrid connections have a great deal of currency- in europe, the SuperSmart Grid, in US the idea of the Unified Smart Grid, the Pickens plan all rely on a new continental intergrid connection projects capable of very long haul bulk energy transmission that go beyond the scope of simpler interconnects such as the Pacific DC Intertie.  Merging the articles would confuse the reader about how the world looks at the level inside a local grid versus how the world looks at the intergrid or super grid level.  By the way- I see "super grid" and "inter-grid"- what terminology is clearest?  Unfortunately, "super grid" requires disambiguation- the dominant sense refers to a particular far off technology of merging hydrogen distribution with electricity- leveraging the cold of the hydrogen to cryogenically achieve superconducting efficiencies on the cable.  -Mak (talk) 17:57, 19 November 2008 (UTC)
 * This merge proposal has been considered since 19 March with no consensus. I propose taking down the notices without prejudice in 1 week.  If anyone wishes to re propose, they may do so.  As it stands, much of the overlapping material has been moved to Grid (electricity), and the unique material about what a "grid connection" technically is remains.  I don't care if it is merged or not, but I do care that there is a persistent notice with no action being taken on it.  Original notice by User:Beland. -J JMesserly (talk) 05:46, 26 December 2008 (UTC)

Proposed rename
As discussed in the Merge topic above, the notion of an "electricity network (or grid)" cannot be conflated with electrical transmission because such networks generally also do distribution (see Smart grid article). Nor can the notion be conflated with the concept of electricity distribution because such networks also usually have transmission components.

Since there appears to be concensus that the term "Grid connection" is unnecessarily vague, this becomes a move/rename issue. Proposed names are:
 * Electricity grid.
 * Electricity network
 * Grid (electricity)

WP has many articles on kinds of grids and should have an article on the parent term. eg Smart grid, SuperGrid, SuperSmart Grid, Unified Smart Grid. Unless there is objection, I shall put up a move template to Grid (electricity). -Mak (talk) 17:36, 20 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Given the general WP guideline that article names should use the most frequently used term, by far the most common term used is grid rather than network. I note that there is historical concurrance to the notion that grids describe both distribution and transmission networks.  Consider the history of electricity grid.  In 2006, the redirect is changed  from transmission to distribution with the comment that grids have to do with distribution.  Yet Power grid redirects to transmission.

 * What happens to the old meaning of connections? Linked topics that want further explanation of connections of grids will be linked instead to the article section Connection to the Grid.

 * A new article intro will have to be written to clarify the semantic relations- that transmission grid and distribution grid are subclasses of "Grid". The new article will endeavor to confine itself to descriptions of concepts unique to the superset concept and not to attempt to overlap or describe concepts that belong in the distribution or transmission articles.  I hope that seems fair enough to both the "grids-are-transmission" vs. the "grids-are-distribution" camps of folks.  -Mak (talk) 08:57, 21 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't see why all the material in this article shouldn't just be moved into Electric power transmission and Electricity distribution. The term "grid" is already explained there, and having multiple overlapping articles is confusing.  I'm happy with pointing "grid" redirects to "Electricity grid", as long as it's a disambiguation page. -- Beland (talk) 20:02, 21 November 2008 (UTC)

 * The article is weak as it stands, and I strongly agree that there are blocks of the article that can and should be moved to the other articles. One example is most of the topology description- it is particular to distribution grids and should be moved there.  However the idea that all ideas should moved would actually result in increasing confusion, overlap and redundant coverage of the same concepts.  Here's why:
 * Problem1- Genus terms have shared attributes that we don't have to redundantly explain. Grids generically move electricity around.  Transmission grids, Distribution grids and Smart grids all have Overhead cables and Underground cables.  So why is the discussion of overhead/underground electricity cables isolated in the Transmission article?  There are many other shared concepts in common such as topology, communications and control, stabilization, load balancing, congestions and so on.  If I follow Beland's logic, we may as well do away with the database article and discuss concepts like replication in the relational database article because after all the only type of DBMS that does serious replication are the RDBMS's.  Would we then just have a disambiguation page to vector people to the kind of replication they want to find out about?
 * Problem2- Where are you suggesting articles using the generic term for an electric grid link to? For example, Demand response: "In electricity grids, demand response (DR) refers to mechanisms to manage the demand from customers in response to supply conditions".  Is the customer in your distribution Grid, where the customer is a business that can cut its load on request, or is the it a transmission grid where a wholesale customer is a smart grid cluster requested to cut its power because the wind died in North Dakota?  If we point to a disambig page enumerating all types of grids, then the reader is confused which sense the author meant.  So are we back to asking the article author to enumerate all types of grids in which DR could be used?  It's not an isolated case, many other cases can occur.  In Electrical power industry: "The electrical power industry provides the production and delivery of electrical power (electrical energy), often known as power, or electricity, in sufficient quantities to (homes and businesses) that need electricity through a grid".  Well- both a transmission,  distribution and smart grid (in the case of Boulder Colorado) are true for this statement.  Enumerate them all is one option, but why not just say grid?  That's why we have genus terms.  Examples: Unified Smart Grid and SuperSmart Grid projects is not exclusively a transmission, distribution nor smart grids.
 * I propose we try out this Grid (electricity) article and see how it goes. If the refactoring starts to look like a big mess / folks protest then we can always revert it all.  How does that sound?  -Mak (talk) 02:55, 22 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Giving this further thought, I propose withdrawing the move request since the connection article is a distinct concept that should not be conflated with Grids. -Mak (talk) 18:19, 22 November 2008 (UTC)

Origen of terminology
Surely this page should include a reference to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gridiron, and should make some reference to the historical use of the term "national gridiron", as mentioned in article http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Grid_(Great_Britain)? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.193.243.150 (talk) 01:01, 1 February 2014 (UTC)

reference link
shouldn't the link to Distributed Generation Educational Module. Virginia Tech, National Science Foundation go to http://www.dg.history.vt.edu/ch4/powermgmt.html ? -- 217.224.224.203 (talk) 12:39, 4 March 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Grid connection


text:
Davide Rebellin

Davide Rebellin (9 August 1971 – 30 November 2022) was an Italian professional road bicycle racer, who rode professionally between 1992 and 2022 for twelve different teams, taking more than sixty professional wins. He was considered one of the finest classics specialists of his generation with more than fifty top ten finishes in UCI Road World Cup and UCI ProTour classics.

Rebellin was best known in the cycling world for his 2004 season, when he won a then unprecedented treble with wins in Amstel Gold Race, La Flèche Wallonne and Liège–Bastogne–Liège. He also won stage races such as Paris–Nice and Tirreno–Adriatico, and a stage in the Giro d'Italia. Rebellin served a two-year suspension for testing positive for Mircera at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

1990s
Born in San Bonifacio in the province of Verona, Rebellin turned professional in 1992 and came to the attention of the cycling world with a string of strong performances during his early years. He suffered from asthma, a disease that affected his whole career. In 1996 he gained further notice when he thrived in the 1996 Giro d'Italia. Riding for Team Polti, Rebellin took stage seven and with it led in the general classification, giving him the pink jersey. He held the lead for six stages and finished the Grand Tour sixth overall. Years later he said of the race, "I have won Classics, but the first important win was in the 1996 Giro, winning the maglia rosa with the stage."

In 1997 he scored his first UCI Road World Cup victories by winning the Clásica de San Sebastián and the Grand Prix de Suisse. Over the following years he won many Italian classic races, such as the Giro del Veneto and Tre Valli Varesine.

2000s
In 2001, he won the Tirreno–Adriatico stage race.

During the 2004 season he amassed seven victories, including what was at the time an unprecedented treble win in the Ardennes classics, with wins in the Amstel Gold Race, La Flèche Wallonne and Liège–Bastogne–Liège. Only one rider, Philippe Gilbert, has repeated this feat since, in 2011. Rebellin also scored a number of podium places in top races such as Paris–Nice and the Clásica de San Sebastián. Despite these achievements, Rebellin did not win the 2004 UCI Road World Cup, which went to Paolo Bettini.

In 2005, Rebellin fell short of his triumphs of 2004, but posted yet another solid year. Although he generally concentrated on classics and small tours, he was part of the team in the 2005 Tour de France. With a number of solid performances throughout the season but without any individual victories, Rebellin finished as the third-highest ranked rider in the UCI ProTour rankings. Apart from the ProTour races, he only won one race in the 2005 season, taking the first stage of the Brixia Tour.

Rebellin began the 2007 season leading Paris–Nice until Alberto Contador moved him to second in the final stage to Nice. He later finished second in Amstel Gold Race and won the Flèche Wallonne, which made him the oldest ever winner of an UCI ProTour race. He finished second in the UCI ProTour behind Cadel Evans.

Rebellin triumphed early in 2008 with an overall victory in the Paris–Nice. He won the stage race by three seconds, ahead of Rinaldo Nocentini. He went on to win the Tour du Haut Var and show strongly in the Ardennes classics with a second place in the Liège–Bastogne–Liège.

Rebellin finished second in the men's road race at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing having been part of a six-man breakaway group, but his silver medal was revoked in light of his doping sentence by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).

2010s
On 16 August 2011, Rebellin took his first victory after returning from his doping suspension, winning Tre Valli Varesine four seconds ahead of Domenico Pozzovivo.

On 28 April 2015, at 43 years old, Rebellin won the queen stage of the Tour of Turkey, a mountaintop finish concluding in Elmali. He beat riders twenty years younger than him to accomplish this feat. With that performance, he grabbed the leader's jersey, but lost it to Kristijan Đurasek on Stage 6. He had to abandon on the last stage since he crashed after hitting a dog.

In 2017, Rebellin rode for the team, winning three races. After one season with the team, he moved to for the 2018 season. He rode for the team up to February 2019, when his contract was terminated by mutual consent. In April 2019 he announced that he had rejoined the team and that he would retire from competition after the Italian National Road Race Championships at the end of June. He finished his supposed last race in 18th place, almost five minutes behind new Italian champion Davide Formolo. One day later, Rebellin announced that he would continue his career.

2020s
On 8 December 2020, Rebellin announced that he would continue for a record 29th season in professional racing, initially signing with the team for 2021. However, this deal fell through, and in February, Rebellin signed with Italian team. Rebellin remained with the team into the 2022 season, which he stated would be his last professional season in a January interview with Spanish publication Marca.

Death
Rebellin was hit by a truck and killed while out on a training ride on 30 November 2022, at the age of 51.

According to the Austrian newspaper Der Standard, Rebellin was killed instantly in the incident, which took place at Montebello Vicentino shortly before midday. The German truck driver stopped briefly, then fled the scene. Police were able to reconstruct the incident and identify the driver. Witnesses had photographed the driver at the scene. The driver had been found guilty of a similar offence before. The driver turned himself in to German authorities in June 2023, awaiting a decision on extradition to Italy. According to prosecutors, the man had tried to destroy evidence by cleaning the vehicle with "a strong cleaning detergent". He had earlier been charged with fleeing the scene of an accident in Southern Italy in 2001 as well as for driving under the influence in 2014. The alleged perpetrator's name was given as Wolfgang Rieke, his extradition to Italy was confirmed by a German court on 6 July 2023.

Doping
In April 2009, the IOC announced that six athletes had tested positive during the 2008 Summer Olympics, without mentioning names or sports. Later, rumours emerged that the athletes included two cyclists, one of them a medal winner. The Italian Olympic committee then confirmed that a male Italian cyclist had tested positive for CERA during the men's road race, without identifying a name. The next day, on 29 April 2009, the Italian Olympic committee confirmed that Rebellin was an involved athlete. Rebellin's agent sent a request for the analysis of the B sample which was later also confirmed to be positive. The Italian National Olympic Committee subsequently took Rebellin to court, seeking €500,000 in damages and a twelve-month custodial sentence under an Italian law passed in 2000 allowing for athletes who dope to be jailed for up to three years. However, in 2015 a court in Padova ruled that he had no criminal case to answer, in addition to clearing him of charges of tax evasion.

Major results
Source:

 * 1988
 * 3rd Overall Grand Prix Rüebliland
 * 1st Stage 3

 * 1989
 * 1st Gold medal uci.svg Team time trial, UCI Junior Road World Championships (with Rossano Brasi, Andrea Peron and Cristian Salvato)
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Driedaagse van Axel
 * 2nd Overall Giro della Lunigiana
 * 3rd Trofeo Buffoni

 * 1990
 * 2nd Giro del Medio Brenta

 * 1991
 * 1st Road race, Mediterranean Games
 * 1st Overall Giro delle Regioni
 * 2nd Amateur road race, UCI Road World Championships
 * 2nd Gran Premio Palio del Recioto
 * 3rd Piccolo Giro di Lombardia

 * 1992
 * 1st Trofeo Alcide Degasperi
 * 2nd Gran Premio Palio del Recioto
 * 2nd Giro di Romagna
 * 5th Giro del Veneto
 * 8th Gran Premio Città di Camaiore
 * 9th Giro di Lombardia

 * 1993
 * 1st Jersey gold.svg Overall Hofbrau Cup
 * 1st Stage 2a
 * 5th Overall Tirreno–Adriatico
 * 5th Giro di Campania
 * 6th Trofeo Melinda
 * 7th Giro di Toscana
 * 8th Overall Tour de Suisse
 * 8th Giro del Friuli
 * 9th Coppa Placci
 * 10th Giro del Veneto
 * 10th Giro della Romagna

 * 1994
 * 3rd Overall Euskal Bizikleta
 * 3rd Giro dell'Etna
 * 5th Amstel Gold Race
 * 6th Overall Tour de Romandie
 * 6th Trofeo Pantalica
 * 8th Overall Giro del Trentino
 * 8th Trofeo Matteotti
 * 8th Tre Valli Varesine
 * 10th Overall Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali

 * 1995
 * 2nd Giro dell'Appennino
 * 3rd Overall Tour Méditerranéen
 * 3rd Giro della Provincia di Reggio Calabria
 * 4th Overall Tirreno–Adriatico
 * 4th Overall Tour de Romandie
 * 4th Milan–San Remo
 * 5th Overall Tour of the Basque Country
 * 6th La Flèche Wallonne
 * 8th Overall Tour de Suisse
 * 9th Overall Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana
 * 9th Overall Giro del Trentino
 * 1st Stage 1

 * 1996
 * 3rd Trofeo Pantalica
 * 4th Overall Tour de Romandie
 * 4th Trofeo Melinda
 * 5th Japan Cup
 * 5th Giro di Lombardia
 * 6th Overall Giro d'Italia
 * 1st Stage 7
 * Held Jersey pink.svg after Stages 7–12
 * 6th Liège–Bastogne–Liège
 * 6th Wincanton Classic
 * 7th Overall Vuelta a España
 * 8th Road race, UCI Road World Championships
 * 8th Trofeo Matteotti
 * 8th Subida a Urkiola
 * 10th Overall Tour of the Basque Country
 * 10th La Flèche Wallonne

 * 1997
 * 1st Grand Prix de Suisse
 * 1st Clásica de San Sebastián
 * 1st Trophée des Grimpeurs
 * 3rd Coppa Sabatini
 * 4th Gran Premio Città di Camaiore
 * 7th Overall Tour de Romandie
 * 7th Omloop van het Waasland
 * 7th Grand Prix de la Ville de Lillers
 * 7th Rund um den Henninger Turm
 * 8th Classique des Alpes
 * 8th Giro di Lombardia
 * 10th Klasika Primavera

 * 1998
 * 1st Tre Valli Varesine
 * 1st Giro del Veneto
 * 2nd Overall Critérium International
 * 3rd Trofeo Forla de Navarra
 * 3rd Giro dell'Appennino
 * 3rd Gran Premio Industria e Commercio di Prato
 * 3rd Coppa Sabatini
 * 4th Overall Tour de Wallonie
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 4th Subida a Urkiola
 * 5th Trofeo Melinda
 * 6th Overall Tour de Romandie
 * 6th Giro dell'Emilia
 * 6th Milano–Torino
 * 7th Grand Prix de Suisse
 * 8th Overall Tour de Suisse
 * 1st Stage 1

 * 1999
 * 1st Jersey gold.svg Overall Tour Méditerranéen
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 1st Tour du Haut Var
 * 1st Giro del Veneto
 * 1st Giro del Friuli
 * 1st Memorial Gastone Nencini
 * 2nd Overall Tirreno–Adriatico
 * 2nd Overall Giro della Provincia di Lucca
 * 2nd Trofeo Pantalica
 * 2nd Klasika Primavera
 * 2nd Tre Valli Varesine
 * 3rd Overall Tour of the Basque Country
 * 3rd Trofeo Laigueglia
 * 3rd GP Miguel Induráin
 * 4th Overall Critérium International
 * 1st Stage 2
 * 7th Overall Regio-Tour
 * 7th Züri-Metzgete

 * 2000
 * 1st Giro del Veneto
 * 2nd Gran Premio di Chiasso
 * 2nd Tre Valli Varesine
 * 2nd Coppa Placci
 * 3rd Liège–Bastogne–Liège
 * 3rd Tour du Haut Var
 * 3rd Trofeo Pantalica
 * 3rd Subida a Urkiola
 * 3rd Gran Premio Industria e Commercio di Prato
 * 4th Overall Tour Méditerranéen
 * 4th Züri-Metzgete
 * 4th La Flèche Wallonne
 * 5th Overall Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
 * 5th Overall Tour of the Basque Country
 * 6th Giro di Lombardia
 * 7th Clásica de San Sebastián
 * 8th Giro dell'Emilia
 * 10th Overall Danmark Rundt

 * 2001
 * 1st Jersey yellowred.svg Overall Tirreno–Adriatico
 * 1st Stage 4
 * 1st Jersey gold.svg Overall Tour Méditerranéen
 * 1st GP Industria & Artigianato di Larciano
 * 1st Gran Premio Industria e Commercio di Prato
 * 1st Gran Premio di Chiasso
 * 1st Giro di Romagna
 * Tour of the Basque Country
 * 1st Stages 1 & 3
 * 1st Stage 2 Brixia Tour
 * 2nd Liège–Bastogne–Liège
 * 2nd Rund um den Henninger Turm
 * 3rd Giro del Veneto
 * 3rd Clásica de San Sebastián
 * 3rd Trofeo Laigueglia
 * 3rd Tour du Haut Var
 * 3rd Giro dell'Emilia
 * 4th Firenze–Pistoia
 * 6th Trofeo Pantalica
 * 7th Giro del Lazio
 * 8th La Flèche Wallonne
 * 8th Amstel Gold Race

 * 2002
 * 1st Gran Premio Città di Camaiore
 * 2nd Giro di Lombardia
 * 2nd Gran Premio di Lugano
 * 2nd Giro del Lazio
 * 2nd Giro del Friuli
 * 3rd HEW Cyclassics
 * 3rd Giro del Veneto
 * 3rd Trofeo Melinda
 * 3rd Coppa Placci
 * 4th Milano–Torino
 * 5th Giro dell'Emilia
 * 6th Tour du Haut Var
 * 6th Rund um den Henninger Turm
 * 6th Tre Valli Varesine
 * 7th Züri-Metzgete
 * 9th Liège–Bastogne–Liège

 * 2003
 * 1st Rund um den Henninger Turm
 * 1st Gran Premio Industria e Commercio di Prato
 * 2nd Overall Vuelta a Andalucía
 * 2nd HEW Cyclassics
 * 2nd Milano–Torino
 * 2nd Coppa Placci
 * 2nd Trofeo Melinda
 * 3rd Overall Paris–Nice
 * 1st Stage 2
 * 3rd Giro dell'Emilia
 * 4th UCI Road World Cup
 * 4th Trofeo Calvia
 * 4th Amstel Gold Race
 * 5th Züri-Metzgete
 * 5th GP Miguel Induráin
 * 7th Clásica de San Sebastián
 * 7th Gran Premio di Chiasso
 * 9th Tour du Haut Var

 * 2004
 * 1st Liège–Bastogne–Liège
 * 1st Amstel Gold Race
 * 1st La Flèche Wallonne
 * 1st Trofeo Melinda
 * Sachsen Tour
 * 1st Stages 3 & 4a (ITT)
 * 2nd UCI Road World Cup
 * 2nd Overall Paris–Nice
 * 1st Jersey green.svg Points classification
 * 2nd Coppa Placci
 * 3rd Paris–Bourges
 * 3rd Clásica de San Sebastián
 * 6th Tour du Haut Var
 * 6th Züri-Metzgete
 * 6th HEW Cyclassics
 * 6th Tre Valli Varesine
 * 9th Overall Deutschland Tour

 * 2005
 * 2nd Overall Tour of the Basque Country
 * 2nd Overall Brixia Tour
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 3rd La Flèche Wallonne
 * 3rd GP Ouest-France
 * 4th Amstel Gold Race
 * 4th Tour du Haut Var
 * 4th Giro dell'Emilia
 * 5th HEW Cyclassics
 * 5th Gran Premio di Chiasso
 * 5th Giro di Lombardia
 * 10th Overall Paris–Nice

 * 2006
 * 1st Jersey gold.svg Overall Brixia Tour
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 1st Giro dell'Emilia
 * 2nd Gran Premio di Chiasso
 * 3rd Züri-Metzgete
 * 4th Gran Premio di Lugano
 * 5th Giro di Lombardia
 * 6th Overall Volta ao Algarve
 * 6th Amstel Gold Race
 * 8th Rund um den Henninger Turm

 * 2007
 * 1st Jersey gold.svg Overall Brixia Tour
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 1st La Flèche Wallonne
 * 2nd UCI ProTour
 * 2nd Overall Paris–Nice
 * 2nd Amstel Gold Race
 * 2nd Gran Premio di Chiasso
 * 2nd Giro dell'Emilia
 * 3rd Road race, National Road Championships
 * 4th Overall Volta ao Algarve
 * 5th Liège–Bastogne–Liège
 * 5th Giro di Lombardia
 * 6th Road race, UCI Road World Championships
 * 6th Overall Tour of the Basque Country
 * 6th Vattenfall Cyclassics
 * 10th Overall Deutschland Tour
 * 10th Clásica de San Sebastián

 * 2008
 * 1st Jersey gold.svg Overall Paris–Nice
 * 1st Tour du Haut Var
 * 2nd Silver medal olympic.svg Road race, Olympic Games
 * 2nd Liège–Bastogne–Liège
 * 2nd Gran Premio di Lugano
 * 2nd Rund um den Henninger-Turm
 * 2nd Giro dell'Emilia
 * 3rd Clásica de San Sebastián
 * 4th Road race, UCI Road World Championships
 * 4th Overall Brixia Tour
 * 4th Milan–San Remo
 * 4th Amstel Gold Race
 * 6th Overall Tour of Austria
 * 6th La Flèche Wallonne

 * 2009
 * 1st La Flèche Wallonne
 * 2nd Gran Premio di Lugano
 * 3rd Overall Vuelta a Andalucía
 * 1st Stages 4 & 5
 * 3rd Overall Settimana Ciclistica Lombarda
 * 3rd Liège–Bastogne–Liège
 * 6th Overall Tirreno–Adriatico

 * 2011
 * 1st Tre Valli Varesine
 * 1st Trofeo Melinda
 * 2nd Overall Route du Sud
 * 2nd Trofeo Matteotti
 * 2nd Memorial Marco Pantani
 * 2nd Coppa Sabatini
 * 3rd Overall Settimana Ciclistica Lombarda
 * 3rd Gran Premio Città di Camaiore
 * 3rd Gran Premio Nobili Rubinetterie
 * 4th Giro dell'Emilia
 * 5th Overall Brixia Tour
 * 5th Overall Tour of Azerbaijan (Iran)
 * 5th Overall Giro di Padania
 * 6th Overall Vuelta a la Comunidad de Madrid
 * 6th Grand Prix of Aargau Canton
 * 7th Gran Premio Industria e Commercio Artigianato Carnaghese

 * 2012
 * 1st Jersey gold.svg Overall Tour du Gévaudan Languedoc-Roussillon
 * 1st Jersey green.svg Points classification
 * 1st Stage 2
 * 2nd Overall Tour of Greece
 * 3rd Overall Okolo Slovenska
 * 1st Stage 2
 * 3rd Gran Premio Industria e Commercio di Prato
 * 4th Trofeo Melinda
 * 4th Gran Premio Industria e Commercio Artigianato Carnaghese
 * 5th Overall Giro di Padania
 * 10th Coppa Sabatini

 * 2013
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Sibiu Cycling Tour
 * 1st Jersey green.svg Points classification
 * 1st Jersey white.svg Mountains classification
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 2nd Overall Szlakiem Grodów Piastowskich
 * 1st Stages 1 & 4
 * 3rd Road race, National Road Championships
 * 4th Volta Limburg Classic
 * 4th Coppa Ugo Agostoni
 * 5th Tre Valli Varesine
 * 6th Overall Tour of Estonia
 * 7th Vuelta a Murcia
 * 8th Overall Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
 * 9th Overall Vuelta a Andalucía
 * 10th Overall Settimana Ciclistica Lombarda

 * 2014
 * 1st Giro dell'Emilia
 * 2nd Overall Sibiu Cycling Tour
 * 1st Stage 3a (TTT)
 * 3rd Overall Tour du Limousin
 * 3rd Vuelta a Murcia
 * 4th Tre Valli Varesine
 * 4th Coppa Sabatini
 * 5th Overall Tour of Turkey
 * 5th Overall Szlakiem Grodów Piastowskich
 * 6th Tour du Doubs
 * 7th Brabantse Pijl
 * 8th Milano–Torino
 * 10th Clásica de Almería

 * 2015
 * 1st Coppa Ugo Agostoni
 * 1st Stage 3 Tour of Turkey
 * 2nd Overall Sibiu Cycling Tour
 * 3rd Gran Premio Industria e Commercio di Prato
 * 5th Overall Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
 * 1st Stage 1b (TTT)
 * 5th Brabantse Pijl
 * 7th Overall Tour of Norway
 * 8th Overall Tour du Haut Var
 * 9th Coppa Sabatini
 * 10th Overall Tour du Limousin

 * 2016
 * 3rd Overall Czech Cycling Tour
 * 5th Overall Tour of Małopolska
 * 5th Rad am Ring
 * 8th Memorial Marco Pantani
 * 9th Overall Dubai Tour

 * 2017
 * 1st Overall Tour de Ijen
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 3rd Overall Tour de Lombok
 * 7th Overall Tour of Iran (Azerbaijan)
 * 1st Stage 5

 * 2018
 * 2nd Overall Tour International de la Wilaya d'Oran
 * 1st Stage 3
 * 4th Overall Tour d'Algérie

 * 2020
 * 8th Overall Sibiu Cycling Tour

 * 2021
 * 7th Overall Tour of Romania
 * 10th Overall Adriatica Ionica Race
 * 10th Overall Sibiu Cycling Tour

title: Davide Rebellin


text:
List of spherical symmetry groups

Finite spherical symmetry groups are also called point groups in three dimensions. There are five fundamental symmetry classes which have triangular fundamental domains: dihedral, cyclic, tetrahedral, octahedral, and icosahedral symmetry.

This article lists the groups by Schoenflies notation, Coxeter notation, orbifold notation, and order. John Conway uses a variation of the Schoenflies notation, based on the groups' quaternion algebraic structure, labeled by one or two upper case letters, and whole number subscripts. The group order is defined as the subscript, unless the order is doubled for symbols with a plus or minus, "±", prefix, which implies a central inversion.

Hermann–Mauguin notation (International notation) is also given. The crystallography groups, 32 in total, are a subset with element orders 2, 3, 4 and 6.

Involutional symmetry
There are four involutional groups: no symmetry (C1), reflection symmetry (Cs), 2-fold rotational symmetry (C2), and central point symmetry (Ci).

Cyclic symmetry
There are four infinite cyclic symmetry families, with n = 2 or higher. (n may be 1 as a special case as no symmetry)

Dihedral symmetry
There are three infinite dihedral symmetry families, with n = 2 or higher (n may be 1 as a special case).

Polyhedral symmetry
There are three types of polyhedral symmetry: tetrahedral symmetry, octahedral symmetry, and icosahedral symmetry, named after the triangle-faced regular polyhedra with these symmetries.

Continuous symmetries
All of the discrete point symmetries are subgroups of certain continuous symmetries. They can be classified as products of orthogonal groups O(n) or special orthogonal groups SO(n). O(1) is a single orthogonal reflection, dihedral symmetry order 2, Dih1. SO(1) is just the identity. Half turns, C2, are needed to complete.

title: List of spherical symmetry groups


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Source Four

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Result was speedy delete as copyvio. DS 14:36, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Source Four
Blatant advertising Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  20:54, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete obviously advertising.--Alhutch 22:31, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Speedy delete, dare I say. linas 00:02, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Meets new db-copyvio criteria. Tagged. --GraemeL (talk) 12:20, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom --Rogerd 12:20, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * ....and it's gone. (Now, how do I close this thing?) DS 14:17, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wilfrid Reid

Wilfrid Ewart "Wilfie" Reid (3 November 1884 – 24 November 1973) was an English professional golfer and golf course designer. Reid was born in Bulwell, Nottingham, England, and died in West Palm Beach, Florida, United States. He posted three top-10 finishes in major championship tournaments.

Early life
Reid, the son of Arthur Reid and his wife Elizabeth Reid née Potter, studied club and ball making under Tommy Armour's father, Willie, in Edinburgh, Scotland. A scratch golfer at 15, Reid turned professional at 17 and became head professional at Seacroft Golf Club in Skegness, England and was a protégé of Harry Vardon who helped him get a club professional job at La Boulie Golf Club, Versailles, France, in 1903. In 1905 he became the professional at Banstead Downs Golf Club in Sutton, London, England, for roughly nine years and was a successful tournament player. Reid – who was never short on confidence – was a fine competitive golfer despite being small of stature, and he beat his mentor, Vardon, on several occasions.

In March 1906, Reid married Stella Toft at Nottinghamshire, England. The couple had three daughters.

1913 U.S. Open
On 7 August 1913 Reid set sail from Liverpool aboard the RMS Celtic and visited America with Vardon and Ted Ray where they played in a number of tournaments including the famous 1913 U.S. Open in which he tied for 16th. Reid tied Vardon for the 2nd round lead and played with Francis Ouimet in the 3rd round. In 1915 he tied 10th. His best finish, a tie for fourth, came in the 1916 U.S. Open held at the Minikahda Club in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Emigration to America
In February 1915 Reid emigrated to America at the invitation of Clarence H. Geist to be the golf professional at Seaview Golf Club in Galloway, New Jersey, after the outbreak of World War I. He later, at the suggestion of the DuPont family, became the golf professional at the Wilmington Country Club, Wilmington, Delaware. He became a member of the PGA of America in 1917 and was appointed to the national PGA Executive Committee as a vice-president at large, a position he held for two years.

In August 1920 he was elected vice-president of the PGA of America and he was re-elected in 1921. In 1920 and 1921 he also held the office of secretary of the Southeastern Section PGA. In 1921 Reid obtained U.S. citizenship and in December of that year attended the founding meeting of the Philadelphia Section PGA and was a member of the organising committee. Later in 1929 he was the president of the Michigan Section PGA for three years.

Golf career
Reid served as a professional at several of America's top clubs, including Country Club of Detroit, Grosse Pointe Farms, Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan, Beverly Country Club, Chicago, Illinois, Broadmoor Golf Club, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Seminole Golf Club, North Palm Beach, Florida, and Atlantic City Country Club, Northfield, New Jersey. He won the 1926 Michigan PGA Championship and had 26 holes-in-one in his long playing career.

The border of his stationery – that he used to send customers' golf club orders to club-makers such as George Izett of Bailey & Izett Inc. – listed so many of his accomplishments as a golfer and course designer that there was very little room left for him to write his message.

Golf course designer
Reid was also a golf course designer. Reid began designing golf courses at an early age and laid out courses in Europe and Britain before settling in the United States. He once estimated that he had designed 58 courses and remodeled some 43 others during his design career. While based in Michigan during the 1920s, he partnered with another club professional, William Connellan. The firm of Reid and Connellan designed some 20 courses in Michigan alone.

Reid retired to Florida in the early 1950s and consistently improved his game in both social and competitive rounds. Even into old age he continued to "beat his age" in score on his birthday.

Death and legacy
Reid died on 24 November 1973 at West Palm Beach, Florida. He was posthumously inducted into the Michigan Golf Hall of Fame in 1985, and the Michigan Section PGA of America Golf Hall of Fame in 2015.

Tournament wins

 * 1926 Michigan PGA Championship

Results in major championships
Note: Reid never played in the Masters Tournament, founded in 1934.

NYF = Tournament not yet founded NT = No tournament DNP = Did not play CUT = missed the half-way cut R64, R32, R16, QF, SF = Round in which player lost in PGA Championship match play "T" indicates a tie for a place Yellow background for top-10

Team appearances

 * England–Scotland Professional Match (representing England): 1906 (winners) 1907 (winners), 1909 (winners), 1910 (winners), 1912 (tie), 1913 (winners)
 * Coronation Match (representing the Professionals): 1911 (winners)
 * Great Britain vs USA (representing America): 1921

Delaware designs

 * DuPont Country Club – the original DuPont Course, Wilmington, Delaware, 1921
 * Wilmington Country Club – original course, now Ed Oliver Golf Club, Wilmington, Delaware
 * Newark Country Club, Newark, Delaware, 1921

Michigan designs

 * Black River Country Club, (Reid, Connellan), Port Huron, Michigan, 1927
 * Indian River Golf Club, (original 9 hole), (Reid), Indian River, Michigan
 * Birmingham Country Club, (Reid), Birmingham, Michigan, 1916
 * Water’s Edge Golf Course, (Reid), Grosse Ile, Michigan (9-hole course commissioned by Bunkie Knudsen)
 * Brae Burn Golf Club, (original 9 hole - now the back 9 holes), (Reid, Connellan), Plymouth, Michigan, 1923
 * Gaylord Country Club, (Reid), Gaylord, Michigan, 1924
 * Indianwood Golf and Country Club – Old Course, (Reid, Conellan), Lake Orion, Michigan, 1925
 * Tam-O'Shanter Country Club, (Reid, Connellan), West Bloomfield, Michigan, 1926 (redesigned)
 * Bald Mountain Golf Course, (regulation course), (Reid, Connellan), Lake Orion, Michigan, 1929
 * Flushing Valley Country Club, (original 9 hole), (Reid, Connellan), Flushing, Michigan, 1930

Other designs

 * Olympic Club – original Lakeside Golf Club course, San Francisco, 1917
 * La Boulie Golf Club – France
 * La Vallee course – Belgium

title: Wilfrid Reid


text:
ALCO RSD-5

The ALCO RSD-5 is a diesel-electric locomotive rated at 1600 hp, that rode on a pair of three-axle trucks, having a C-C wheel arrangement.

Basically an upgraded version of the earlier ALCO RSD-4, and used in much the same manner as its four-axle counterpart, the ALCO RS-3, the six-motor design allowed better tractive effort at lower speeds.

Preserved units
As of 2024, there are only two unrebuilt RSD-5s known to be in existence.

• CNW #1689 is preserved and operational at the Illinois Railway Museum.

• Utah Railway #306 is preserved at the Utah State Railroad Museum awaiting a planned restoration to its Utah Railway colors. It is currently painted as Nickel Plate Road #324, from its former owner, Doyle McCormack of the Oregon Rail Heritage Foundation.

Two former RSD-5s (rebuilt as RSD-12's) built for the Southern Pacific survive at the Orange Empire Railway Museum (SP #2954 and SP #2958).

title: ALCO RSD-5


text: User:Spencerk

title: User:Spencerk


text:
Joe Seneca

Joe Seneca (January 14, 1919 – August 15, 1996) was an American actor, singer, and songwriter. He is best known for playing Willie Brown in Crossroads (1986), Dr. Meadows in The Blob (1988), and Dr. Hanes in The Cosby Show.

Life and career
Seneca was born Joel McGhee Jr. in Cleveland, Ohio. Before his acting career, he belonged to the R&B singing group The Three Riffs, which was active from the late 1940s and performed at upscale supper clubs in New York City.

He was also a songwriter and had big hits with "Talk to Me", sung by Little Willie John, and "Break It to Me Gently," which was a smash hit by Brenda Lee in 1962 and by Juice Newton in 1982.

In the 1982 film, The Verdict, Seneca played Dr. Thompson, a small-town women's hospital physician brought in by attorney Frank Galvin (Paul Newman) to support his belief that two famous doctors' incompetence left his client alive but in a coma. Arguably his most well-known roles are that of bluesman Willie Brown in Crossroads (1986) and Dr. Meddows in The Blob (1988), the evil head of a government team sent to contain the title creature.

Seneca also made multiple appearances on The Cosby Show as Hillman President Dr. Zachariah J. Hanes. He also played Alvin Newcastle, a man suffering from Alzheimer's disease, on an episode of The Golden Girls titled "Old Friends". Seneca appeared in Spike Lee's School Daze as Mission College President McPherson.

Seneca played Eddie Haynes on Matlock in the May 9, 1989 episode "The Blues Singer." He later played a murder witness in the October 13, 1993 Law & Order episode "Profile".

Seneca appeared in Michael Jackson's "The Way You Make Me Feel" music video in 1987. Seneca played "Blind Otis Lemon", based on Muddy Waters, a homeless blues legend who gets one last chance to sing and play in a club the night before an operation that may leave him deaf, on Doogie Howser, M.D., season 2 episode 6, "Doogie Sings the Blues", October 17, 1990.

Death
He died from cardiac arrest or asthma August 15, 1996 at the age of 77. He was married to his wife, Betty Seneca, until his death.

title: Joe Seneca


text:
All Hooked Up

"All Hooked Up" is a song by English-Canadian girl group All Saints from their second album, Saints & Sinners (2000). London Records released the song as the third and last single from the album on 15 January 2001.

Composition and lyrical interpretation
"All Hooked Up" is a hip hop, P-funk, and R&B song. The Guardian's Caroline Sullivan commented that the group sings "'I know that you want a piece of mah ass' under the misapprehension that they're Mary J Blige", and that when Lewis sings "Why's this guy all up in my ass?", it "doesn't make her sound like anything but an English girl trying to do ghetto-fab". The Sunday People's Sean O'Brien called it a "mid tempo song with a great groove created with a plodding bass, lots of P-Funk style and raunchy lyrics".

Critical response
"All Hooked Up" received generally favourable reviews from music critics. Sean O'Brien of The Sunday People gave the song a rating of eight out of ten, deeming it a "dirty sexy track with a lot of attitude" and "a great groove". Jon O'Brien from AllMusic likened it to songs by Lucy Pearl. The Sunday Herald praised the track for "maintaining the Saints' trademark tough-girl buffalo stance" and "cowboy-hat-wearing sass". Similarly, Nigel Packer from BBC News commended the song's lyrics which he felt had "bags of attitude". John Walshe of the Hot Press wrote: "Time has not curbed their libidos one iota, thankfully, nor their independence."

Russell Baillie of The New Zealand Herald criticised the group for fixating the lyrics on their buttocks and "trying desperately to be TLC". John Robinson of the NME found the lyrics weird and discomforting to be sung by the group and "like someone reading from a textbook on foundry work, translated from the original Hungarian", and dismissed the song as "woozy cheese music". In 2016, Lewis Corner from Digital Spy placed "All Hooked Up" at number nine in his ranking of All Saints singles, calling it "a so-so hip-hop-lite number that's about as gritty as a suburban cul-de-sac" and "not quite the swansong their fans were after at the time".

Chart performance
Although expected to debut at number one, "All Hooked Up" debuted at number seven on the UK Singles Chart dated 27 January 2001, becoming All Saints' eighth consecutive top 10 single in the UK. It dropped to number 28 in its second week and went on to spend a total of 14 weeks on the chart. As of November 2006, "All Hooked Up" has sold 54,699 copies in the UK. It is the group's ninth best-selling single in the UK according to the Official Charts Company. Elsewhere, "All Hooked Up" charted in Ireland (number 18), the Netherlands (number 95), and Switzerland (number 96). In New Zealand, the song peaked at number 50 on the New Zealand Singles Chart for two consecutive weeks.

Music video
The accompanying music video for "All Hooked Up" was directed by Douglas Avery. The video was filmed over two days in London. The stunts done in the visual were painstakingly choreographed with no special effects. The video aired on 11 December 2000. At the time, the group was on the verge of splitting up because of internal arguing, and a further source of friction occurred when Melanie Blatt mimed to Natalie Appleton's voice on the video. The music video itself features All Saints rooting out men in their motel rooms and then throwing them through windows, walls and closed doors.

Live performances
All Saints pulled out of two television appearances after bosses wanted the group to change the lyrics to "All Hooked Up". A spokesperson for the band told that the band were asked to change the lyric "you want a piece of my ass" from the song for their appearances on both CD:UK on 6 January and T4 the day after. However, the spokesperson said the girls considered the line "an integral part" of the song, and did not want to change it for the shows. He added: "They've not snubbed it or anything, they're aware that it is a kids programme".

Formats and track listings

 * CD1 single
 * 1) "All Hooked Up" (Single Version) – 3:49
 * 2) "All Hooked Up" (Architechs Vocal Mix) – 4:09
 * 3) "All Hooked Up" (K-Gee Remix Edit) – 3:26

 * CD2 single
 * 1) "All Hooked Up" (Single Version) – 3:49
 * 2) "Black Coffee" (Version 2) – 5:01
 * 3) "Never Ever" – 6:27
 * 4) "All Hooked Up" (Video) – 3:49

 * CD maxi-single
 * 1) "All Hooked Up" (Single Version) – 3:49
 * 2) "All Hooked Up" (Architechs Vocal Mix) – 4:09
 * 3) "All Hooked Up" (K-Gee Remix Edit) – 3:26
 * 4) "All Hooked Up" (Video) – 3:49

 * Cassette single
 * 1) "All Hooked Up" (Single Version) – 3:49
 * 2) "All Hooked Up" (Architechs Vocal Mix) – 4:09

Credits and personnel
Credits are adapted from the liner notes of Saints & Sinners.

 * Shaznay Lewis – writer, vocals, vocal arrangement
 * Karl "K-Gee" Gordon – writer, producer
 * Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing
 * Melanie Blatt – vocals
 * Nicole Appleton – vocals
 * Natalie Appleton – vocals
 * Jan Kybert – Pro Tools mix engineer
 * Aaron Prattley – assistant mix engineer
 * Octave – keys
 * Andrew Smith – guitar
 * Damien Taylor – additional editing
 * Neil Aldridge – recording
 * Richard Wilkinson – recording assistant
 * Zak – recording assistant

title: All Hooked Up


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Black & White 2 tweaking

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 16:49, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Black & White 2 tweaking
Violates no original research policy --Yamla 21:08, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

RE: The No original research policy represents a different type of data. First of all, this information is not researched. It is simply a very intuitive guide on how to very specifically manipulate a certain data file. It is verafiable, and has no POV whatsoever. The page has nothing to do with original research. It is not scientific or academic, but rather technical in nature. Therefore, this is not a valid application of the no original research policy. -- Unsigned comment from User:IronLion45 at 21:21, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I disagree with your interpretation of the no original research policy. Your work creates a primary source.  It is uncited.  No exemption seems to exist for technical research as opposed to scientific.  Regardless, we'll see how the votes go.  I suppose it could be a long-standing tradition for the Wikipedia to allow technical guides here but I have not seen any other such article.  I believe this would be more appropriate on a site like Planet Black & White.  --Yamla 21:36, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I See your point, and concede. Delete away, as far as I'm concerned. User:Ironlion45

 * speedy as requested by author, or delete as non-encyclopedic. Thanks for contributing, Ironlion45, but Wikipedia doesn't collect HOWTOs like this (see WP:NOT for more information). — brighterorange  (talk) 00:03, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per above. This should be located at a place like gamefaqs or similar. bjelleklang 00:26, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: could this be moved to IronLion45's user page? -- Kjkolb 08:27, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete OR --Rogerd 12:20, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Cairine Wilson Secondary School

Untitled
I think that the stabbing in this article is blown completely out of context. What I have heard from a teacher who was close when it happened was that is was only one student who got stabbed in the head, not "cutting one girl's forehead, another boy's arm, and plunging the knife into an instructor's back. He then threw a computer monitor out of the window." I'm pretty sure that that did not happen even close to the way it is said here.

The kid used a little butter knife, it wasn't a big knife. Thats why there is so little injury. Don't you think if he plunged a huge knife into a instructors back, the instructor would be dead?

The used a kitchen Knife, the only reason why more weren't harmed was because the handle fell off and when he attack one person he'd hurt himself in the process.

Fair use rationale for Image:CairineWilsonSecondarySchool logo.png
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BetacommandBot 14:05, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cairine Wilson Secondary School


text:
Talk:Canterbury High School (Ottawa)

Untitled
I think it should be noted that there are a lot of hockey players as alumni, as the Ottawa 67's [OHL hockey team] practice rink was the Canterbury Arena, across the street. At least it was when i went there ['82-86].

Random Note
The Student Council website reads:

''What's New:

November 2002 Newsetter

I propose that this never change. Ever. Because it's only going to get funnier with age. Underdog000 06:36, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

Naming
I changed the name of the school because WikiProject Schools does not trump WikiProject Ottawa. GreenJoe 13:02, 3 February 2008 (UTC)

Vandalism
A few trolls seem to like putting in incorrect information in the staff field, making up names like Debbie Millet and Carl Dobbin. They then revert any attempt to correct the information, claiming vandalism, and pretending to be administrators.

BackHo (talk) 17:46, 19 March 2011 (UTC)

 * That is about a bold face pair of lies as I have ever seen here. The information is taken from the School's own website, so clearly we are not "making it up".  Second, we are not claiming to be administrators - show any edit where we do - but we will report you if you continue your vandalism.  Sea photo Talk  18:41, 19 March 2011 (UTC)

 * There's a continued effort to insert unsourced material about the staff that contradicts the school's website. My guess, and I'd wager Canadian dollars, is that the numerous accounts involved in this belong to one student who wishes to include his own name and those of friends in the article. Just a hunch. 99.168.85.28 (talk) 00:44, 9 April 2011 (UTC)

 * It is more likely that you are attempting to place false information into the page from an out of date web site. I can assure you that the website is currently in the process of being up dated by the media arts class at the school. Due to the nature of this class the updated infermation will mostlikely be posted in the next moth or two as it is there final project. I know this becasue I am currently one of the students working on the update.  Kikiminor (talk) 00:48, 9 April 2011 (UTC)

 * And your claims are not supported by any references--your above claim, when you edited as BackHo, was that the names on the website were 'made up'. Until references are supplied to support your claims, this is garden-variety vandalism on a Friday night. A Google search of the names you're submitting, connected to the high school, turns up nothing. Last, an educational institution would not wait months to update administration changes, especially at the senior level... nor would it leave the task to students as a project. 99.168.85.28 (talk) 00:52, 9 April 2011 (UTC)
 * The names introduced by User User:BackHo are identical to those introduced by banned user Worgen — Preceding unsigned comment added by Seaphoto (talk • contribs)
 * I have blocked BackHo and will put the article on semi-protection until the end of the school year and will watch-list permanently to monitor for future vandalsim. -- Diannaa (Talk) 01:28, 9 April 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120210061240/http://www.ocdsb.ca/PDF%20files/profiles/2006_2007/CANT.pdf to http://www.ocdsb.ca/PDF%20files/profiles/2006_2007/CANT.pdf
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050428081303/http://collections.ic.gc.ca:80/canterbury/ to http://collections.ic.gc.ca/canterbury/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050505140445/http://www.canterburycouncil.org:80/ to http://www.canterburycouncil.org

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Can't cite
Notable alumni: Steve Gray, rugby I can't find a citation anywhere so this is going here. Allanaaaaaaa (talk) 14:40, 29 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Canterbury High School (Ottawa)


text:
Talk:Colonel By Secondary School

Ajay Fry
Is Ajay Fry considered notable? 72.1.206.176 16:59, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

Celebrities
Don't add celebrities to the article unless you provide a source. Superm401 - Talk 08:31, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

Amber Macarthur
I added Amber Macarthur to celebrities, I'm pretty sure she went to Colonel By. Her facebook account says Colonel By. The source I cited is http://www.g4techtv.ca/callforhelp/shownotes/0411.shtml?transcripts a transcript of one of the shows where they discuss student attendance software, and she confirms she went to the high school they are testing the software on (CB). Also later a co-host says "to use it. for example, in ottawa, where amber's from..."
 * Good job! Hustle 19:39, 10 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:COBYlogo.jpg
Image:COBYlogo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 07:09, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Colonel By Secondary School


text: Talk:Confederation High School

title: Talk:Confederation High School


text:
Talk:Crichton Street Public School

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title: Talk:Crichton Street Public School


text:
Talk:Earl of March Secondary School

Famous Alum
Brittany Sara Adams did graduate from here but as no one has posted her yearbook listing this becomes awkward as Internet documentation on her being an alum is thin on the ground. The proof is hard to track down.

School History
The school history pre-August 2016 was poorly written and un-detailed. It has been improved but might be too detailed now. Please go over it an improve. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Riknolds (talk • contribs) 17:59, 3 August 2016 (UTC)

Unblock IP?
This school's IP(72.1.206.178) was blocked from editing Wikipedia. Appearantly students or teachers in this school had vandalised Wikipedia and was blocked from editing by the administrator Hall Monitor. If we unblock the IP it is most likely that a minority will vandalize Wikipedia again. So what should we do about this? Pseudoanonymous 20:50, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Sidebar thing
I was thinking, could we get one of those sidebar info-table things at this other school article? I would do this myself, but I have no idea how to. AzureIcicle 02:39, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

Notable Alumni
The section has been removed despite most of the Alums being Alums, Disruptive and vandal like edits to make a point much. Very disturbing. -Roxy, the dog . wooF 17:46, 4 July 2019 (UTC)
 * 'Most' - lol. Elizium23 (talk) 17:50, 4 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Yea, most. The bruiser didn't appear to go to a school according to his article. -Roxy, the dog . wooF 18:01, 4 July 2019 (UTC)

I note that at least one of the supposed alumni does not even talk about their education in the parent article, let alone what school the attended. I checked at least one other, and the claim is unsourced. This should not be re-added until it is confirmed it is sourceable.Slatersteven (talk) 18:22, 4 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Earl of March Secondary School


text:
Category talk:Psychology

Categorization of Psychology articles and subcategories
The following guidelines are proposed for categorizing psychology articles and subcategories. They are rules of thumb that should be taken with a grain of salt. Please add to and modify them as you see fit. Rfrisbietalk 20:27, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Articles should not usually be in both a category and its subcategory. For example, an article about "Love" generally should not be placed in both "Psychology" and "Emotion" or one of its subcategories.  The preferred choice is to use the more descriptive subcategory.  (General guidelines)
 * THE TOPIC ARTICLE RULE — When an article is the topic article for a category. Articles should be placed in the category with the same name. However, the article and the category do not have to be categorized the same way. The article belongs in categories populated with similar articles. The category should be put into categories populated with similar subcategories. For an example of this see George W. Bush and Category:George W. Bush. When an article and the subcategory with the same name end up in the same category, the double listing sends the message to the user that there is an article about the topic, and there are also more articles to be found in the subcategory of the same name. It makes it easier to find main topic articles (by eliminating having to go to the subcategory). It also creates a complete listing of articles at the higher level category. It points readers of the topic article to the category and vice versa. (Reasons for duplication)
 * Include subtopic articles for Branches and major Schools of psychology on the main category page. Adding articles like Psychometrics and Psychoanalysis to the main category page, while keeping them in their subcategories helps keep the overall category structure concise, while important articles still are easy to find. Rfrisbietalk 20:43, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

Cleanup
Hi, I started to organize the subcategories and articles in this category. I did some, but we still need alot of work, I guess especially in the articles. Karol 21:13, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, it is more than necessary... I'm afraid this category, which contains quite good articles, has to be worked a lot. Would a project help ? pyl 17:54, 25 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Hum, i gathered several psychoanalyttcal categories. It will be easier to organize psychoanalysis cateogries.. I choosed "psychological schools" but "branches of" is also available. pyl 13:04, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

How to Clean! Befor Cleaning...
Does every article has to be categorised both under the general psychology category and it's sub-categories? Now if you will look for an article about Memory it looks like there isn't one! I also think that the sub-category of Branches of psychology is not needed. We shouldwve put all other sub-categories beneath it....  I'll be glad to help cleaning up this category, but think that we need to decied how to do before wasting alot of time... F16 21:24, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Sure, no doubt. A real brainstorming is needed and a simple talk page won't make it.. Why not to create a psychology wiki project ? I do not participate much on this wiki but i'm volunteer. pyl 21:17, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject
There is a WikiProject Psychology now, as pyl suggested above, you're all welcome to join! I started a discussion on this category and subcategories here, come to think of it I wonder why I didn't discuss it right here instead... /skagedal... 22:12, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * We had a similar situation with Category:Education. A summary of what we did is here:  Categorization of Education articles and subcategories. Rfrisbietalk 15:20, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

The Psychology Wiki
Hey everyone, we are working hard on the Psychology Wiki and are trying to raise awareness about it by indiscriminately spamming telling as many interested people about it as we can. We have an enormous amount of articles already, mainly copied from Wikipedia at the moment:( but the eventual aim is that it will be edited by professional and student contributors, as well as including personal experiences of users of psychology services. As such it will eventaully be a very different beast to the kind of content that Wikipedia has. Have a look at my nicely new designed Main Page, or leave a message on the talk page or on my Psychology Wiki talk page.  Hope to hear from you :) Mostly Zen 02:09, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

Resources for creating and organizing categories
Many established resources for creating and organizing psychology categories exist. The following list is a start. Please add links to additional resources by country when available. Rfrisbietalk 19:29, 12 March 2006 (UTC) Added category tree. Rfrisbietalk 19:34, 12 March 2006 (UTC) Added NIAAA Thesaurus details. Rfrisbietalk 04:36, 13 March 2006 (UTC) Added DSM and ISCDRHP codes. Rfrisbietalk 14:30, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Wikitools
 * Psychology category tree
 * Psychology search:
 * United States
 * American Psychological Association Topics
 * Education Resources Information Center (ERIC): Thesaurus (Search on "Psychology", etc.)
 * National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Thesaurus Scope Note: Psychology studies mental processes, such as perception, cognition, memory, and emotions, as well as individual behavior.
 * Detailed outline (least detail)
 * Quick hierarchy (more detail)
 * Annotated hierarchy (most detail)
 * Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
 * DSM-IV Codes
 * DSM-IV Codes (alphabetical)
 * International
 * International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems

Category notepad
I started a category notepad for trying out possible psychology category arrangements. Red links show possible new categories or "missing" title articles for categories by the same name. Rfrisbietalk 03:57, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Remove and merge Branches of psychology subcategory
The psychology category is quite sparse at present (19 subcategories). As alphabetized lists, with up to 200 entries on a page, categories can easily grow above 80 subcategories and remain navigable. Because the Branches of psychology subcategory is also sparse, I propose that it be deleted and its contents merged into the more general category. The advantage is that users can navigate to content more quickly (one less click). Nesbit 18:24, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * In general, it sounds fine to me, but... The Branches topical articles already are listed under the main category, so navigation to those articles wouldn't change.  That also would put the sub-subcategories, e.g., applied psychology and psychological schools, at the top level.  By the same logic, would you break out those "placeholder" categories as well?  If we do, some less significant articles start showing up on the main page and we likely go over the 200 page-break limit.  At that point, the importance of the main category becomes too diluted and unwieldy, IMHO.  For now, I'd rather have some discussions about how, "Branches" and "Schools" fit together so that their relationships are shown, "major" articles and subcategories make it to the main category page, and "minor" articles and subcategories, don't push the main category over 200 items. Rfrisbietalk 18:45, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Mass removal and Policies
just removed a lot of articles from Category:Psychology that seem to me to be a good fit. Are there psychology-specific categorization guidelines I should read to justify these changes? Sondra.kinsey (talk) 16:18, 19 July 2017 (UTC)

I remove Category:Behavioural sciences and Category:Human behavior and category:neuroscience
-for prevent loops -and for neuroscience : psychology and neuroscience are two separate sphere Zipodu (talk) 16:10, 26 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Psychology


text:
Penybont

Penybont (also sometimes spelled Pen-y-Bont; ) is a small village in Radnorshire, Powys, Wales. The population of the community at the 2011 census was 428. The community includes the settlement of Llandegley.

Amenities
The village is served by Pen-y-Bont railway station on the Heart of Wales line.

It has an eighteenth-century coaching inn called the Severn Arms. The village also has a restored shop/museum/gallery called Thomas's Shop where there is a wool and weaving exhibition and workshop. The village hall hosts many activities and Penybont Football Club plays its matches on the race course ground. Horse harness racing takes place here each August. Penybont market was formerly a major centre for sheep and cattle sales.

title: Penybont


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Talk:Osgoode Township High School

Lessons in accountability.
Perhaps the school's principals and clerical staff would like to explain their actions here? Hopefully in clear and human syntax that doesn't cloud up the mind with buzzwords and bureaucracy. (Momus 23:16, 17 November 2006 (UTC))

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title: Talk:Osgoode Township High School