text:
User:RobyWayne/Sandbox

Hi there! Everything below the line was generated from a .php script and a small table in MySQL. It is an automated process and takes about 3-4 minutes to perform the download (bulk of the time) from the special contributions page for the user, generate the stats and the two graphs. Of course, if Wikipedia is running slowly, this time may vary dramatically :-).

The stats should be pretty straight forward, but I'll explain the less obvious ones.

 * Days is the total number of days between "First Edit" and "Last Edit".
 * Active days count as any day that at least one edit has been made.
 * Avg edits/page is the same formula that Kate uses, I believe (because I keep getting the same answer as she does).
 * Avg edits/active days is the total number of edits divided by active days. True sense of effort put forth on days editing.
 * Avg edits/all days is the total number of edits divided by the total number of days referenced above.

On the chart, the blue bars represent total edits for that day, the blue line represents cumulative edits and the orange line represents a rolling average of edits per day.

Since the load on the server for this is no greater than paging through a user's list of contributions, it should not be an issue to turn this into a tool for anyone to use. It is obviously not as fast as "Kate's Tool" but I also wouldn't run this very often, either.

Any comments or suggestions are appreciated!

The follow statistics were generated for user RobyWayne at 17:44 on 07 October, 2005:

Top Ten Edit Days

 * 1) Tuesday, 27 September, 2005 with 442 edits.
 * 2) Monday, 26 September, 2005 with 363 edits.
 * 3) Thursday, 22 September, 2005 with 350 edits.
 * 4) Tuesday, 04 October, 2005 with 337 edits.
 * 5) Friday, 26 August, 2005 with 287 edits.
 * 6) Saturday, 24 September, 2005 with 248 edits.
 * 7) Sunday, 25 September, 2005 with 221 edits.
 * 8) Friday, 30 September, 2005 with 220 edits.
 * 9) Thursday, 08 September, 2005 with 218 edits.
 * 10) Thursday, 25 August, 2005 with 171 edits.

Top Ten Edited Pages

 * 1) User:RobyWayne with 29 edits.
 * 2) Disambiguation pages with links with 21 edits.
 * 3) List of Kentucky State Highways with 14 edits.
 * 4) Template:RouteboxKY with 14 edits.
 * 5) Disambiguation pages maintenance with 12 edits.
 * 6) Kentucky State Highway 55 with 9 edits.
 * 7) WikiProject Kentucky State Highways with 8 edits.
 * 8) User categorisation with 8 edits.
 * 9) WAVE-TV with 7 edits.
 * 10) User talk:Redwolf24 with 7 edits.

Periods without edits (over 7 days)

 * Wednesday, 20 April, 2005 through Thursday, 28 July, 2005, for 98 days
 * Tuesday, 09 August, 2005 through Thursday, 18 August, 2005, for 8 days

title: User:RobyWayne/Sandbox


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Salva Me

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 11:12, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Salva Me
Lots of promotion in this band article, but the article doesn't seem to mention any hard notability. No allmusic.com entry, and the article mentions no produced records. Thue | talk 21:20, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep, if the article is to be believed then the tour satisfies point #2 of WP:MUSIC (I think). Mallocks 00:05, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, Thanks much. I am not a copywriter, so if anyone can jazz it up, it would be appreciated! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hadez1971 (talk • contribs) 13:43, 7 October 2005
 * Delete. Don't see anything that establishes them as anything but some local band. Only a self-released album, and a dubious claim of being a "national touring group" (bands like this, when they tour, generally play small gigs and lose alot of money; maybe they play weddings?). All their reference links are to their homepage. claims to passing WP:MUSIC seem unverified. -R. fiend 23:13, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Nursing father

A nursing father is a male parent who provides primary care for an infant. This term applies to many different types of species.

This concept regarding humans is mostly an emerging phenomenon of the 21st century. It is considered a consequence of the changing perceptions of the role of family and women in the Western world. A nursing father may take on the roles which have been traditionally or stereotypically assigned to women. This includes feeding and bathing the infant, and providing all other necessities for the baby.

title: Nursing father


text:
Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/WPHumanities

This lists the results from contacting the Humanities WikiProjects for the Work via WikiProjects subproject. Only active WikiProjects (based on no. participants and talk page activity) are being contacted. Other lists are available for Arts, Economics and business, Hobbies and recreation, Science, Technology and Places.

WikiProject Archaeology
Contacted November 8th, 2005

WikiProject Ethnic groups
Contacted october 22, 2005

WP Biography
Contacted November 8th, 2005. January 21st: No articles listed, though they have made extensive use of my listing of their FAs!
 * Please see our worklist at Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/Biographies. Kaldari 23:31, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Academics
Contacted January 10, 2006

WikiProject Political Figures
Contacted Jan 21, 2006.

WikiProject Saints
Contacted Jan 21, 2006.

WikiProject Culture
Contacted January 10, 2006.

WikiProject Universities
Contacted October 22, 2005

WikiProject Schools
Contacted October 22 2005

WikiProject History
Contacted January 26, 2006.

WikiProject Ancient Near East
Contacted January 26, 2006.

WikiProject Ancient Egypt
Contacted October 25, 2005

WikiProject History of Poland
Contacted January 28, 2006. Rectontacted February 1, 2006

WikiProject Middle Ages
Contacted October 25, 2005

 * Pierre Cauchon,
 * Pierre Cauchon,
 * Pierre Cauchon,

WikiProject Military history
Contacted January 28, 2006. WP Battles is a redirect to this group. Recontacted several times right after that. They have started an extensive worklist here

WikiProject Disaster management

 * Contacted April 10, 2006

WikiProject Journalism
Contacted November 12, 2005

WikiProject Languages
Contacted November 4, 2005. Recontacted April 11, 2006.

WikiProject Writing systems
Contacted November 7, 2005. No response by June 12, 2006.

WikiProject Phonetics
Contacted 29th November 2005. No response by June 12, 2006.

WikiProject Media
Contacted November 12, 2005. No response by June 12, 2006.

WikiProject Philosophy
Contacted November 12, 2005

WikiProject Critical Theory
Contacted November 29, 2005. Re-contacted December 4, 2005.

WikiProject Anti-war movements and ideologies
I adapted the article assessments directly from here, then contacted the WP on 29 Nov to ask for comments. (Walkerma)

WikiProject Australian politics
Contacted January 31, 2006.

WikiProject Elections and Referenda
Some info received from User:Tjss on my talk page on 6 Feb 2006. They recommended we consider using Template:PoliticalCampaigns as a list.
 * Contacted April 15, 2006, as WikiProject Campaigns and Elections was merged here.

WikiProject Fascism
Contacted January 10, 2005

WikiProject Law
Contacted December 16, 2005

WikiProject Australian law
Contacted December 16, 2005

WikiProject U.S. Supreme Court cases
Contacted January 31, 2006. Recontacted 3 Feb 2006 and 6 Feb 2006, 7 Mar 2006.

WikiProject Political figures
Contacted January 23, 2006.

WikiProject U.S. Congress
Contacted January 31, 2006.

WikiProject Voting systems
Contacted January 31, 2006.

WikiProject UK Parliament constituencies
On our talk page, the group directed our attention to the progress page for the project. I would say that any "three squares" article would probably still be A-Class, and a "two squares" article would be B-Class and still usable. "Four squares" would seem to mean "complete" but I don't think any have reached that point yet; nevertheless even the three square articles look pretty impressive to me.

WikiProject Psychology
Contact made on August 29, 2006.

WikiProject Sociology
Not contacted as of 07:16, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Community
Not yet contacted, but WikiProject was made aware via note on Talk:Community 6 July 2006 • (1.0COTF)


text:
User talk:PhilMatt

Phil Zeller and Matt Stokes are members of the Eastview Highschool Debate team. On a related note they are also the best at everything.

Phil Zeller was born on July 31st, 1987 and Matt on August 17th 1987.

title: User talk:PhilMatt


text:
John de Taxster

John de Taxster, Taxter, or Tayster (Johannes de Taxster or Tayster; died c. 1265), sometimes erroneously called Taxston, was a 13th-century English chronicler and monk at Bury St Edmunds Abbey. Nothing is known of his life apart from what is reported in or understood from his work on the 13th and 14th-century Bury Chronicle.

Life
Nothing is known of John de Taxster except what is recorded in or understood from his own work. His surname—given as Taxster in one manuscript and Tayster in another —may be a variant of textor, a weaver.

He noted in his section of the Bury Chronicle that he was professed as a Benedictine monk at Bury St Edmunds Abbey in Suffolk, England, on 20 November 1244 or 1255. He does not seem to have held any notable position at the abbey and is remembered for his contribution to the Bury Chronicle, where he seems to have written the section from the Creation to 1265 during the early 1260s. It is possible that the version of the chronicle in British Library Cotton Julius MS A 1 was Taxster's own holograph. If so, he wrote a cursive book hand in black ink with important passages marked in red.

Taxster's chronicle is an important early source on the aftermath of King John's 1215 granting of the Magna Carta and a contemporary source for the 1264–1267 Second Barons' War that upheld its place in English law. Overall, Taxster himself seems to have supported the baronial party, criticizing the severity and foreignness of King HenryIII and Queen Eleanor and noting the popular veneration of Simon de Montfort.

Taxster probably died around 1265, when his portion of the chronicle ends. His notice of the miracles credited to Simon de Montfort's relics appear to have been scratched from the Cotton Julius manuscript, probably around 1266 when HenryIII returned to power.

Works
Taxster's chronicle forms the first part of the Bury Chronicle, in which he seems to have been followed by two other writers. His section covers all of the time from the Creation to 1265 but nearly all of the early entries are simply copied from John of Worcester and other sources. His original content is usually considered to begin with the entry for the year 1212, although it's a bit uncertain given that surviving manuscripts of the Annals are missing their final pages.

title: John de Taxster


text:
HMS Diana (D126)

HMS Diana was one of the Daring-class destroyer (1949) of destroyers planned during the Second World War by the Royal Navy. The design reflected developments of the Pacific campaign, including long range and the ability to efficiently Replenish At Sea (RAS).

Size
Diana's standard displacement was 3,610 tons. Length and beam of the ship are 390 ft and 43 ft respectively, she was capable of steaming at over 30 kn. The normal peacetime complement of Diana was 297 officers and men.

Launch
The ship was built at Clydebank, Glasgow, by Yarrow and Co. Ltd. (Yard No 1846 ), laid down 3 April 1947 and launched Thursday 8 May 1952 by Lady McGrigor, wife of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Rhoderick McGrigor, and first commissioned 29 March 1954. Originally the name was to be Druid but this changed to Diana during construction.

At the time Diana was considered a large destroyer, being nearly as big as a pre-war light cruiser. The Daring class was a logical outcome of the Pacific War, where the ability to stay at sea for long periods was of prime importance.

Armament
The main armament consisted of six 4.5 in dual purpose guns in three totally enclosed turrets, two forward, one aft. At the time of building the control system for the guns was the most advanced in the Royal Navy, being completely radar controlled. The guns were considered, at the time, highly accurate with a high rate of fire.

In summary her armament was: (1960)
 * Six 4.5 inch guns
 * Two 40 mm Bofors Guns
 * Five torpedo tubes
 * One triple Squid anti-submarine mortar

Electrical supply
The ship's electrical power was produced by two turbine generators and three diesel generators. The current used was 440 volts, 60 cycle alternating current (AC) power.

Of the eight Darings, four ships were designed to operate on direct current (DC) for their electrical supply and four to operate on AC. The object was a practical test to determine which form of electrical supply was the most practical. Diana was an AC ship, as were all Royal Navy ships following this 'test'.

Propulsion

 * Engines by Parsons
 * Propulsion: geared turbine, 2 shaft

Name, goddess and crest
"This Diana of ours is a very demanding person, goddesses tend to be that way" Captain G. J. Kirkby, DSC **, Royal Navy, Captain, HMS Diana 1961. The ship's Commission book of 1961 describes Diana (goddess) as having a distinctly complex personality. Apart from being the huntress, by the light of the sun she was pure and chaste; by the light of the moon, however, she became abandoned and dark.

Career
Diana saw action during the Suez Crisis, when on 31 October 1956, she sank the EGYPTIAN FRIGATE Domiat, which was engaged in a one-sided gun duel with the cruiser HMS Newfoundland (59) in the Red Sea, marking the last time a ship was sunk by another in conflict using gunfire alone.

South Pacific atomic tests controversy
In 1956 Diana was ordered into the radioactive fallout zone of two nuclear weapon tests codenamed Mosaic 1 and Mosaic 2 near the Monte Bello Islands in the Indian Ocean. The aim of the order, given by British defence officials, was to discover the effects of atomic fallout, both on the ship itself and upon its 308-strong crew. Since the exposure, around two-thirds of the crew have died, and survivors attest that a variety of fallout-related diseases are responsible. The ship's then-captain, John Gower, who died in 2007 aged 95, wrote after sailing through the fallout zone that he much disliked having to 'continue to serve in a ship, parts of which had been unacceptably radioactive'. As of January 2008, the British Ministry of Defence has refused to pay compensation to the remaining crew of Diana, citing a legal technicality that all such claims must be lodged within three years of the diagnosis to which they refer. According to newspaper reports, the decision may see the collapse of the claimants' case, or at the least delay the compensation until 2012, at which time more of the ship's crew may have died. This incident is referred to in the SAS drama Ultimate Force by Ross Kemp's character, SSGt Garvie, who claims his father was a crew member at that time.

On 26 January 1968, Diana was on passage from Gibraltar to Malta when she was ordered to divert to the search for the Israeli submarine Dakar, which had gone missing on her delivery trip from Britain to Israel. After calling at Malta to pick up a medical officer and diving experts, Diana was on course to the search zone when she picked up a distress signal from the Spanish tanker MV Bahia Blanca, which was on fire. After helping Bahia Blanca's crew to extinguish the fire, Diana continued to the search area, taking part in the search operations until 31 January.

Sale to the Peruvian Navy
HMS Diana was acquired by the Peruvian Navy in 1969 together with sister ship HMS Decoy (D106). Renamed BAP Palacios, the ship was refitted at Cammell Laird, Birkenhead. The refit comprised enclosing the foremast and installing a Plessey AWS-1 radar. The destroyer's armament was further increased with the addition of eight Exocet surface-to-surface missiles in two quadruple mountings.

Palacios was commissioned in April 1973. In 1975, a helicopter landing area was installed which was expanded with the addition of a hangar in 1977-78. This necessitated the removal of the aft 4.5 in gun. The gun was later re-installed and the hangar removed. The refit in 1977-78 also saw the streamlining of the funnel which was also raised, the installation of a Selenia NA-10 director aft for the upgraded twin Breda Bardo 40mm gun mounts and the removal of the Squid mortar and sonar. Palacios served until 1993 when she was stricken.

title: HMS Diana (D126)


text: Category:1979 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1979 Atlantic hurricane season


text: Category:1978 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1978 Atlantic hurricane season


text: File:King Of Fools.jpeg

title: File:King Of Fools.jpeg


text: User talk:71.32.80.45

title: User talk:71.32.80.45


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/ESDAC

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. -- 22:30, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

ESDAC
Dyslexia rules, KO? ;-) Delete for correctness. Eddie.willers 21:21, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Is this trying to be a disambig page with no links? The computer might be notable, but there's no info, and I doubt a prayer group passes notability tests. -R. fiend 23:04, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/ESDAC


text: Category:1977 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1977 Atlantic hurricane season


text: Category:1976 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1976 Atlantic hurricane season


text: Talk:Prabhas Patan

title: Talk:Prabhas Patan


text: Category:1975 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1975 Atlantic hurricane season


text: Category:1974 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1974 Atlantic hurricane season


text:
Forn Sed Norge

Forn Sed Norge (Old Ways Norway), formerly Foreningen Forn Sed, is a Norwegian heathen religious organization.

History
Foreningen Forn Sed was founded in 1998 as an offshoot of Åsatrufellesskapet Bifrost, because of personal disagreements within the Norse pagan milieu in Norway. It was recognized by the Norwegian government as a religious body in 1999 and a few years later changed its name to Forn Sed Norge.

The organization had approximately 60 members in 2004, 85 in 2014, and 110 in 2017. As of 2022, the organization had 137 registered members.

Activities and beliefs
Forn Sed Norge describes itself as a non-hierarchical religious organization accommodating anyone interested in ancient Norse custom and tradition. It holds an annual planning meeting in addition to blóts several times a year, usually offering mead. A woodland blót at Bærum was shown on television in 2014 as part of pre-Christmas coverage by Are Sende Osen. It publishes a magazine called Ni Heimer. Forn Sed Norge is known to keep a lower public profile than Åsatrufellesskapet Bifrost, but both organizations participate in a broader cultural scene revolving around Old Norse culture, with events such as Viking markets and music inspired by Old Norse poetry.

It is a member of the European Congress of Ethnic Religions.

title: Forn Sed Norge


text: Category:1973 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1973 Atlantic hurricane season


text: Category:1972 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1972 Atlantic hurricane season


text: Category:Television character stubs

title: Category:Television character stubs


text: User talk:70.108.187.40

title: User talk:70.108.187.40


text: Category:1971 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1971 Atlantic hurricane season


text: Category:1970 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1970 Atlantic hurricane season


text: Category:1969 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1969 Atlantic hurricane season


text:
Talk:John de Taxster

Untitled
It is quite difficult to find articles concerning de Taxster and his chronicle online. I was unable to find other sources outside of websites that had the same Catholic Encyclopedia article. I'll work on finding additional information. --Caponer 21:23, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The reference to Everisden is probably based on outdated scholarship. Charles Matthews 19:35, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:John de Taxster


text: Category:1968 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1968 Atlantic hurricane season


text: Category:1967 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1967 Atlantic hurricane season


text:
Talk:Photobucket

Recent revert
User:No Great Shaker recently reverted me with very dubious arguments Removal of content without sufficient reason (take to talk page and discuss there) and failure to use approved citation style (bare urls are deprecated). Anyone that cares to look at our recent history at Talk:Norway Debate will immediately understand this user is scouring my edit history trying to start a beef. Let's just calm down for a week before we address this silliness, shall we? CapnZapp (talk) 20:44, 11 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I have a valid WP:CIR concern about this person and, having tried to deal with the problems he is causing at Norway Debate, I decided it would be prudent to see if he is causing more problems elsewhere. Some of his recent edits are okay, so no action is necessary, but the changes he has made to the lead of this article are not, so I've reverted them for the reasons given. I am not "trying to start a beef"; I am trying to protect the site's articles from disruptive editing. And accusing another editor of silliness is a breach of WP:CIVIL and WP:NPA.  NGS  Shakin' All Over 21:56, 11 May 2022 (UTC)

Replace old logo
The brand went through a major refresh in early 2023 and I've included a link to the new logo: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1E3X1AJa5LeMexUa9b1I4yr3fvkSGbXqy JBKistner (talk) 22:44, 21 March 2023 (UTC)

Uncritical article / potential COI editing to sanitize article and deflect criticism
Please have a look at recent editing history and assess whether we are succeeding in keeping our article uncensored and critical (assuming reliable sources back us up, of course).

Photobucket was heavily criticized back in 2017 (for instance The Verge reported they were accused of blackmail, their words not mine), and lost a substantial amount of their user base, something that is barely reflected upon the article in its current form, where every instance of expanding upon this has been rolled back. The article has been criticized to read as an ad all the way back in 2008.

Even today, many years later, former users of their free service are still spammed by unending emails / veiled threats to upgrade to paid accounts or their photos will be lost. (a source).

CapnZapp (talk) 13:26, 17 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Yes, it's way too uncritical. A lot of text was deleted over the last 2 to 3 years with rather unconvincing arguments and without previous discussion. I think the continuous email bombardments need to be addressed. Also, the first troubles came way earlier, in 2014, when people started receiving mails about allegedly having exceeded their bandwith. --Maxl (talk) 17:30, 19 January 2024 (UTC)

Biometric Policy (July 2024)
Deleted our account long ago but received an email July 16, 2024 advising of updates to Photobucket.com policies. Importantly, this includes a "new Biometric Information Privacy Policy". Following is the text from that email (emphasis is theirs).

---

Important Notice to Photobucket Users

We have substantially updated our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy, and we have created a new Biometric Information Privacy Policy (collectively “Agreements”). Please read the updated Terms of Use and Privacy Policy carefully as they contain important changes. Additionally, please review the new Biometric Information Privacy Policy. These changes take effect on July 22nd. By continuing to use the Photobucket services such as having us store your uploaded content, after July 22nd, you consent to the updated Terms of Use, the updated Privacy Policy, and the new Biometric Information Privacy Policy.

'''We strongly urge you to review the Agreements in full. However, here are some highlights of the changes: Updated Terms of Use include:'''

Updated information on our current services, including clear definitions. Updated information on prohibited uses of the services. Updated information about the rights you grant us, including the right to the extent permitted by the laws of your region, to license or sell your Public User Uploaded Content to third parties for the scanning and processing of your Public User Uploaded Content, including extracting physical features, e.g. measurements, of your Biometric Information, solely for the purpose of artificial intelligence and machine learning training and the subsequent uses derived therefrom. Updated information on legal considerations, such as representations, warranties, indemnification, liability limitation and release, assignment rights, and choice of law and jurisdiction. Updated procedures for resolving any disputes relating to your subscription and our services, including new arbitration provisions. Users who signed up before July 22nd will have the option to opt out of the arbitration agreement within forty-five (45) days from July 22nd. To opt-out of the arbitration provision click here.

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Updated Privacy Policy includes:

Clear definitions for terms related to your privacy. Information on how we collect, use, store, transfer, and otherwise process your personal data, including information about the rights you grant us, including the right to the extent permitted by the laws of your region, to license or sell your Public User Uploaded Content to third parties for the scanning and processing of your Public User Uploaded Content, including extracting physical features, e.g. measurements, of your Biometric Information, solely for the purpose of artificial intelligence and machine learning training and the subsequent uses derived therefrom. Disclosures and information regarding region-specific privacy laws.

Login Now [button]

New Biometric Information Policy includes:

Clear definitions related to your Biometric Information; Information about the source of Biometric Information and additional disclosures for state specific residents. Information about the rights you grant us, including the right to the extent permitted by the laws of your region, to license or sell your Public User Uploaded Content to third parties for the scanning and processing of your Public User Uploaded Content, including extracting physical features, e.g. measurements, of your Biometric Information, solely for the purpose of artificial intelligence and machine learning training and the subsequent uses derived therefrom. How to opt-out if you do not want Photobucket to sell, lease, trade, or use your Public User Uploaded Content for profit. There is an initial opt-out period that exists for forty-five (45) days from the Effective Date listed above (“Initial Opt-Out Period”) that will be prior to any license or sale taking effect. Please note that if you opt-out, Photobucket will delete your Account and all of your User Uploaded Content. If you decide to opt-out, please download and save any of your User Uploaded Content that you wish to keep and store. After the end of the Initial Opt-Out Period, you will still have the option to opt-out from granting Photobucket the right to sell, lease, trade or otherwise profit from the disclosure of your Biometric Information contained in your Public User Uploaded Content prospectively.

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'''If you do not agree with the updated Terms of Use, the updated Privacy Policy, and/or the new Biometric Information Privacy Policy, you can opt-out within forty-five (45) days of July 22nd by deleting your account. Click here to start the opt-out process or contact us at support @ photobucket.com'''

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621 Kalamath Suite 135

Denver, CO 80204 USA 174.163.99.11 (talk) 00:50, 17 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Photobucket


text: Category:1966 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1966 Atlantic hurricane season


text: Category:1965 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1965 Atlantic hurricane season


text: Category:1964 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1964 Atlantic hurricane season


text: Category:1963 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1963 Atlantic hurricane season


text: Category:1962 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1962 Atlantic hurricane season


text: Category:1961 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1961 Atlantic hurricane season


text: Category:1960 Atlantic hurricane season

title: Category:1960 Atlantic hurricane season


text:
Billingbear House

Billingbear House was situated in the parish of Waltham St. Lawrence in Berkshire, England, about six miles from Windsor.

Originally owned by the Bishop of Winchester, the land was given to Sir Henry Neville (father of politician and diplomat, Sir Henry Neville) in 1549 by King Edward VI. He finally took possession in 1567 and began construction of a Tudor mansion.

With the identification in 2005 of the younger Sir Henry Neville as a candidate for the authorship of the Shakespearean plays and sonnets, it is conceivable that some of those works might have been composed at Billingbear. It has been noted that the play The Merry Wives of Windsor displays a knowledge of local towns, a Windsor inn, and a local tale called Herne the Hunter.

When the house was visited by Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Lorenzo Magalotti in 1669, their host was Colonel John Neville. A member of the duke's retinue painted a view of the house during the two-day stay, which is one of various images to be found in an illustrated manuscript in the Laurentian Library, Florence. An English translation of this manuscript was published in London in 1821; Indian ink copies of the original 17th-century paintings, by Thomas Hosmer Shepherd, were reproduced as scaled-down engravings for inclusion in this publication.

The house stood until 1924, when it was destroyed by fire, and the shell then torn down. The surviving architectural features were used to restore the dilapidated Bulmershe Court, also in Berkshire, in 1925. One room of Billingbear House was transported to the United States in the early 20th century and survives today at Pace College in Manhattan, near the New York City Hall. It is reputedly haunted.

title: Billingbear House


text:
Eunephrops bairdii

Eunephrops bairdii is a species of marine lobster, commonly called the "red lobster", endemic to the Caribbean Sea. It is found off the coasts of Colombia and Panama at depths of 230 - 360 m. It reaches a length of up to 20 cm, which is equivalent to a carapace length of 4 –, but is apparently too scarce for commercial exploitation.

title: Eunephrops bairdii


text:
Manitoba Liberal Party candidates in the 2003 Manitoba provincial election

The Manitoba Liberal Party fielded a full slate of 57 candidates in the 2003 provincial election, and won two seats to remain as the third-largest party in the legislature. Some of the party's candidates have their own biography pages; information on others may be found here.

This page also provides information for candidates in by-elections between 2003 and 2007.

Byelections

 * Fort Whyte, 13 December 2005: Jean Paterson


text:
Cesc

Cesc or CESC may refer to:
 * Chamundeshwari Electricity Supply Corporation, an electricity supply company in Karnataka, India
 * Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation, an electricity supply company in West Bengal, India
 * Cesc Fàbregas, Spanish association football player
 * Cesc Gay, Spanish screenwriter and director
 * Francesc Vila i Rufas, Catalan comic writer and recipient of the Creus de Sant Jordi
 * Corneal epithelial stem cells

title: Cesc


text:
User talk:Reesej2

Numbers in Egyptian Mythology
I'm glad to see that someone is working on Numbers in Egyptian Mythology. Do you have a reference for the meanings of "five" that you added? It would be nice to see it in a footnote. The article is in need of proper references. Crypticfirefly 21:25, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Reesej2


text:
Directors Label

Directors Label is a series of DVDs released by Palm Pictures compiling the work of notable music video directors.

The series' first three volumes, featuring the work of Spike Jonze, Chris Cunningham, and Michel Gondry, were released in 2003. Four new volumes were released in 2005, this time featuring Mark Romanek, Jonathan Glazer, Anton Corbijn and Stéphane Sednaoui.

Though future releases in the series are unlikely, according to series creator Richard Brown, other directors that were at one point rumoured or planned for releases include Mike Mills, Hammer & Tongs, Shynola, Jean-Baptiste Mondino and Roman Coppola, as well as a planned hip-hop and R&B series featuring Paul Hunter, Director X, and Chris Robinson.

In 2002, predating the Directors Label series, Palm Pictures released a DVD of Hype Williams' work, titled Hype Williams: The Videos Vol. 1.

Volume 1: The Work of Director Spike Jonze
The first installment of the series centered on director Spike Jonze and was released on October 28, 2003. It includes interviews and audio commentaries from musicians such as Fatboy Slim, Weezer, The Pharcyde, Daft Punk, The Chemical Brothers, Björk, Christopher Walken and Puffy, plus the making of "Drop" with The Pharcyde. It also includes a commentary on a selection of the videos by the Beastie Boys. Enclosed is a book comprising Jonze's photographs, drawings and interviews.

Track listing
All videos directed by Spike Jonze, except where noted.

Music videos

 * "Second Bad Vilbel" by Autechre
 * "Come to Daddy" by Aphex Twin
 * "Only You" by Portishead
 * "Frozen" by Madonna
 * "Afrika Shox" by Leftfield featuring Afrika Bambaataa
 * "Come On My Selector" by Squarepusher
 * "Windowlicker" by Aphex Twin
 * "All Is Full of Love" by Björk

Other work

 * Monkey Drummer – Video installation. Featuring music by Aphex Twin
 * flex – Excerpt from video installation. Featuring music by Aphex Twin
 * Mental Wealth – PlayStation commercial
 * Photocopier – Never seen Levi's commercial
 * Engine – Nissan commercial, featuring music by Boards of Canada
 * Windowlicker – Bleeped version

52 Page Book
Behind the scenes photographs, storyboards, sketchbook drawings, record cover art and interview

Music videos

 * "The Hardest Button to Button" by The White Stripes
 * "Come into My World" by Kylie Minogue
 * "Dead Leaves and the Dirty Ground" by The White Stripes
 * "Fell in Love with a Girl" by The White Stripes
 * "Star Guitar" by The Chemical Brothers
 * "Let Forever Be" by The Chemical Brothers
 * "Jóga" by Björk
 * "Deadweight" by Beck
 * "Bachelorette" by Björk
 * "Everlong" by Foo Fighters
 * "Around the World" by Daft Punk
 * "Sugar Water" by Cibo Matto
 * "Hyperballad" by Björk
 * "Like a Rolling Stone" by The Rolling Stones
 * "Army of Me" by Björk
 * "Isobel" by Björk
 * "Protection" by Massive Attack
 * "Lucas with the Lid Off" by Lucas
 * "Human Behaviour" by Björk
 * "Le Mia" by IAM
 * "La Tour De Pise" by Jean Francois Coen
 * "Ma Maison" by Oui Oui
 * "Bolide" by Oui Oui
 * "Junior Et Sa Voix D'or" by Oui Oui
 * "Les Cailloux" by Oui Oui
 * "Un Joyeux Noel" by Oui Oui
 * "La Ville" by Oui Oui

Special features

 * I've Been 12 Forever (Parts 1 & 2)

Stories And Things

 * La Lettre
 * One Day
 * Lacuna Inc
 * Drugstore – Levi's Commercial
 * Smarienberg – Smirnoff Commercial
 * Resignation – Polaroid Commercial
 * Drumb and Drumber
 * Pecan Pie – A short film starring Jim Carrey
 * Three Dead People
 * My Brother's 24th Birthday
 * Tiny
 * Spin Art
 * Oui Oui – Live concert footage
 * Spike Jonze
 * Chris Cunningham

52 Page Book
Michel's stories, drawings photographs & interviews.

Omissions
Trailers for "Volume 3: The Work Of Director Michel Gondry" (found on the Volume 1 and Volume 2 DVDs, as well as on Palm Pictures' website) include clips of, as well as references to, Gondry's heavily autobiographical video for Radiohead's "Knives Out." It is unclear why this video was omitted from the final DVD; however, as of June 2008, it is available on the compilation DVD Radiohead: The Best Of, released by EMI after the band had left its contract.

In August 2009, "Knives Out", along with other omissions and more recent works of Gondry's, were released by Partizan Films on a DVD compilation titled Michel Gondry 2: More Videos (Before and After DVD 1).

Music videos

 * "99 Problems" (director's cut) by Jay-Z
 * "Faint" by Linkin Park
 * "Can't Stop" by Red Hot Chili Peppers
 * "Hurt" by Johnny Cash
 * "Cochise" (director's cut) by Audioslave
 * "Hella Good" (director's cut) by No Doubt
 * "God Gave Me Everything" by Mick Jagger
 * "Got 'til It's Gone" by Janet Jackson
 * "Criminal" by Fiona Apple
 * "The Perfect Drug" by Nine Inch Nails
 * "Devils Haircut" by Beck
 * "El Scorcho" (director's cut) by Weezer
 * "Novocaine for the Soul" by Eels
 * "Little Trouble Girl" by Sonic Youth
 * "Scream" (director's cut) by Michael Jackson & Janet Jackson
 * "Bedtime Story" by Madonna
 * "Strange Currencies" by R.E.M.
 * "Cold Beverage" by G. Love & Special Sauce
 * "Closer" (director's cut) by Nine Inch Nails
 * "Jump They Say" by David Bowie
 * "Rain" by Madonna
 * "Are You Gonna Go My Way" by Lenny Kravitz
 * "Wicked as It Seems" (director's cut) by Keith Richards
 * "Free Your Mind" by En Vogue
 * "Constant Craving" by k.d. lang

Special Features

 * The Work of Director Mark Romanek (38-minute documentary)
 * Romanekian – Ben Stiller, Chris Rock and Robin Williams discuss Mark's work
 * The Making of "99 Problems"
 * Interviews and commentaries

56 Page Book
Includes photographs by Mark Romanek and Spike Jonze interview with Mark

Music videos

 * "Street Spirit" by Radiohead
 * "Virtual Insanity" by Jamiroquai
 * "A Song for the Lovers" by Richard Ashcroft
 * "Into My Arms" by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds
 * "Rabbit in Your Headlights" by UNKLE
 * "The Universal" by Blur
 * "Karma Police" by Radiohead
 * "Karmacoma" by Massive Attack

Special Features

 * Ride – Wrangler commercial
 * Surfer (extended) – Guinness commercial
 * Swim Back – Guinness commercial
 * Dreamer – Guinness commercial
 * Protection – Volkswagen commercial
 * Last Orders – Stella Artois commercial
 * Whip Round – Stella Artois commercial
 * Kung Fu – Levi's commercial
 * Odyssey – Levi's commercial
 * Bull – Barclays commercial featuring Samuel L. Jackson
 * Chicken – Barclays commercial featuring Samuel L. Jackson
 * Interviews and Commentaries

Films

 * Sexy Beast (excerpt) You're the Problem
 * Interviews with Ray Winstone and Sir Ben Kingsley
 * Birth (excerpt) Central Park
 * Interviews with Nicole Kidman, Danny Huston, Harris Savides, Milo Addica and Jean-Claude Carrière

Tramp
Paul Kaye

56 Page Book
Includes photographs, sketches, storyboards and interview.

Music videos

 * "Dr. Mabuse” by Propaganda
 * "Red Guitar" by David Sylvian
 * "Seven Seas" by Echo & the Bunnymen
 * "Quiet Eyes" by Golden Earring
 * "The Game" by Echo and the Bunnymen
 * "Behind the Wheel" by Depeche Mode
 * "Atmosphere" by Joy Division
 * "My Secret Place" by Joni Mitchell with Peter Gabriel
 * "Enjoy the Silence" by Depeche Mode
 * "One" (director's cut) by U2
 * "Straight to You" by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds
 * "Walking in My Shoes" by Depeche Mode
 * "Heart-Shaped Box" by Nirvana
 * "Liar" by Rollins Band
 * "Hero of the Day" by Metallica
 * "Mama Said" by Metallica
 * "Barrel of a Gun" by Depeche Mode
 * "It's No Good" by Depeche Mode
 * "Bleibt Alles Anders" by Herbert Grönemeyer
 * "Opus 40" by Mercury Rev
 * "Goddess on a Hiway" by Mercury Rev
 * "In the Sun" by Joseph Arthur
 * "Mensch" by Herbert Grönemeyer
 * "Electrical Storm" by U2
 * "Re-Offender" by Travis
 * "All These Things That I've Done" by The Killers

Special Features (stuff)

 * Beck and Dave Grohl MTV Promos
 * U2 – The Making of "Electrical Storm"
 * Some YoYo Stuff
 * Travis – Love Will Come Through (home made video with Fran Healy)
 * Depeche Mode – "It's No Good" tour projections
 * Palais Schaumburg – Hockey (Anton's first music video)
 * Front 242 – Front By Front
 * NotNa – a documentary by Lance Bangs about Anton
 * Interviews and commentaries

56 Page Book
Anton's photos, text and drawings.

Music videos

 * "I Can't Wait" by Mirwais
 * "For Real" by Tricky
 * "Scar Tissue" by Red Hot Chili Peppers
 * "Disco Science" by Mirwais
 * "Lotus" by R.E.M.
 * "Possibly Maybe" by Björk
 * "Ironic" by Alanis Morissette
 * "Pumpkin" by Tricky
 * "Queer" by Garbage
 * "Hell Is Around the Corner" by Tricky
 * "Sly" by Massive Attack
 * "7 Seconds" by Youssou N'Dour & Neneh Cherry
 * "Big Time Sensuality" by Björk
 * "Big Time Sensuality" (night version) by Björk
 * "Sometimes Salvation" by The Black Crowes
 * "Mysterious Ways" by U2
 * "Give It Away" by Red Hot Chili Peppers
 * "Le Monde De Demain" by NTM
 * "Discoteque" (new director's cut) by U2

Special Features

 * Walk on the Wild Side – Short film featuring Lou Reed and inspired by his song
 * Army of Me – Animation inspired by Björk's song
 * Acqua Natasa – Short film featuring Natasa Vojnovic
 * Reve Reche – Stephane's first short film attempt
 * Interviews and Commentaries
 * Stephane's presentation at New York University Film School

56 Page Book
Diary of photos, storyboards, sketches and comments

Series 1 Box Set
Shortly after the release of the first three volumes, Palm Pictures released a box set including all three plus a bonus disc featuring more recent content. Because no additional Cunningham videos were included on the disc, the box set also included a poster with images from the Cunningham disc. Those who purchased the three volumes individually could receive the bonus disc and poster by e-mailing Palm Pictures, but Palm Pictures is no longer able to provide the bonus DVD and Poster.

Spike Jonze

 * "Y Control" (uncut version) by Yeah Yeah Yeahs
 * "Island in the Sun" by Weezer
 * "Invisible Boards" – A short film excerpt from Yeah Right! a Girl Skateboards film (Co-directed with Rick Howard)

Michel Gondry

 * "I Wonder" by The Willowz
 * "Ossamuch!" by Kishu & Co. (original short)

Chris, Spike + Michel

 * Q&A at Virgin

Series 2 Box Set
Palm Pictures released a box set of Volumes 4–7 immediately upon their individual releases. Unlike the first box set, there was no additional content save for the box itself.

title: Directors Label


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CKEditor

CKEditor (formerly known as FCKeditor) is a WYSIWYG rich text editor which enables writing content directly inside of web pages or online applications. Its core code is written in JavaScript and it is developed by CKSource. CKEditor is available under open source and commercial licenses.

FCKeditor and CKEditor 3
The first version of CKEditor, under the name FCKeditor, was released in March 2003 by Frederico Caldeira Knabben, the creator of the editor and the project's Benevolent Dictator for Life. After reaching more than 3 million downloads, FCKeditor was completely reviewed and redesigned into CKEditor 3, with special attention given to performance, accessibility and a new UI.

CKEditor 4
In December 2012, CKEditor 4 was released with an Inline Editing solution, reformatted source code, enhanced DOM and CSS performance. The server-side implementations were removed. Retired in June 2023.

CKEditor 5
After five years, in 2018, CKEditor 5 first stable version was introduced. With its code rewritten from scratch, CKEditor 5 has a custom data model and architecture. The editor implements Operational Transformation for the tree-structured model as well as many other mechanisms which were required to create a real-time collaborative UX.

CKEditor 5 is a JavaScript framework offering a rich API to develop any editing solution. CKEditor 5 also offers builds, which are ready-to-use editors; there are currently 5 builds available to download: Classic, Inline, Balloon, Balloon block and Document.

CKEditor Ecosystem
In October 2017, CKSource launched the CKEditor Ecosystem. As of 2023 it consists of the following products:
 * CKEditor 5 Builds and CKEditor 5 Framework.
 * CKBox, a standalone and integrated image upload and management service.
 * CKEditor Cloud Services, a cloud platform with editing features and real-time collaboration services.

Features
CKEditor 4 has features found in desktop word processors such as styles formatting (bold, italic, underline, bulleted and numbered lists), tables, block quoting, web resource linking, safe undo function, image inserting, paste from Word and other common HTML formatting tools. Also CKEditor 4 has built-in spell checker functionality provided as plug-ins by WebSpellChecker LLC. By default, it is available for free with a banner ad.[6] It checks the spelling of the text and marks all errors with a red wavy line and allows the user to choose one of the correct suggestions.

There are currently many plugins available with CKEditor 4 to serve different needs, e.g. CKFinder and Accessibility Checker (the CKSource's plugins). CKFinder is a file manager for including files and images within content created with the editors. It is compatible with both CKEditor 4 and 5 and is available under commercial license.

Accessibility Checker is available under both Open Source and commercial licenses.

Real-time collaborative editing
CKEditor 5's architecture and custom data model makes it possible to enable real-time collaborative editing.

A custom collaborative solution can be built by using the CKEditor 5 Framework components and real-time collaborative editing can be enabled by connecting to the CKEditor Cloud Services.

A ready to use, drop-in component based on CKEditor 5 (Letters) offers a complete solution for real-time collaborative writing.

Browser compatibility
CKEditor 4 is fully compatible with most internet browsers, including latest stable releases from Google Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Microsoft Edge, Opera and Internet Explorer 10 and 11. In mobile environments, it has close to full support in Safari (iOS6 +) and Chrome (Android).

CKEditor 5 is also compatible with Google Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Opera and Microsoft Edge. However, it does not support Internet Explorer 11 yet.

title: CKEditor


text:
Protestantism in Puerto Rico

Protestantism in Puerto Rico officially was introduced in 1872 when the first Protestant church in the Anglican tradition was established on the island. Before the islands of Puerto Rico came under United States sovereignty in 1898, Protestantism was suppressed under Roman Catholic Spanish rule.

History
In Montaña, Aguadilla, a group called "Los Bíblicos" met clandestinely under the direction of Antonio Badillo. Many freethinkers and Protestants belonged to Masonic lodges, as many in the older generation still do. In 1872, the first Protestant church was established in Puerto Rico, when Bishop William Walrond Jackson, from the Anglican Diocese of Antigua provided for the creation of the Holy Trinity Anglican Church in Ponce, followed several years later by All Saints Anglican Church in Vieques.

Soon after the change of sovereignty, United States Protestant denominations agreed to divide the island in order to facilitate missionary penetration. The two existing Anglican churches in Ponce and Vieques served as the basis for a new diocese of the Episcopal Church of the United States which has since had seven diocesan bishops. Presbyterians, Methodists, Baptists, Congregationalists and Disciples of Christ started the missionary work. While the President appointed the governors, these denominations were influential in government policies. After the 1940s this changed; nevertheless Protestantism kept growing, particularly Pentecostalism, which grew mostly among the poor and the rural.

Institutions
Mainline Protestants started educational and health institutions. Presbyterians founded in 1912 the InterAmerican University, with 11 campuses and 40,000 students, and established in 1904 the Ashford Presbyterian Hospital in San Juan. Seventh-day Adventists founded Adventist University in 1961 and Bella Vista Hospital in 1954 near Mayagüez. In 1907, the Episcopal Church established St. Luke's Hospital in Ponce, the centerpiece of a multi-hospital health services organization today. An interdenominational Seminary, Seminario Evangélico de Puerto Rico was begun in 1919. There is a Council of Churches, founded by the cooperating denominations of the original community agreement.

In 1940, Juanita Garcia Peraza and her followers founded the "Mita" congregation, the only Protestant religion of Puerto Rican origin.

Present situation
Estimates of the Protestant population vary greatly. The CIA World Factbook estimates that 85% of the population is Roman Catholic while the remaining 15% are Protestants and other religions. Pollster Pablo Ramos stated in 1998 that the population was 38% Roman Catholic, 28% Pentecostal, and 18% were members of independent churches, which would give a Protestant percentage of 46% if the last two populations are combined. Protestants collectively added up to almost two million people. "The conclusion is that Puerto Rico is no longer predominantly Catholic."

Another researcher gave a more conservative assessment of the proportion of Protestants: "Puerto Rico, by virtue of its long political association with the United States, is the most Protestant of Latin American countries, with a Protestant population of approximately 33 to 38 percent, the majority of whom are Pentecostal. David Stoll calculates that if we extrapolate the growth rates of evangelical churches from 1960-1985 for another twenty-five years Puerto Rico will become 75 percent evangelical." Guatemala and Honduras have similar proportions of Protestants, with Guatemala probably being the highest.

title: Protestantism in Puerto Rico


text: User talk:70.27.190.137

title: User talk:70.27.190.137


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User talk:Yusup

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! →Jo urna list  >>talk<<  21:29, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
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 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Abdurrahman Diyeji
You created the article on Abdurrahman Diyeji. Another user has tagged it for speedy deletion. Could you edit the artilce to indicate a bit more about what this writer has written, or what he has done that is notable? Could you please cite some sources for his work? He does not show up on a google search, at least not with this spelling of his name -- I know that when names from otehr languages are tranliterated, there are sometimes multiple valid spellings. DES (talk) 21:12, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Ýusup Gojuk
Ýusup Gojuk has been proposed for deletion. An editor felt this person might not be notable enough for an article. Please review Notability (people) for the relevant guidelines. If you can improve the article to address these concerns, please do so.

If no one objects to the deletion within five days by removing the "prod" template, the article may be deleted without further discussion. If you remove the prod template, the article will not be deleted, but if an editor is still not satisfied that it meets Wikipedia guidelines, it may still be sent to Articles for deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. NickelShoe (Talk) 17:03, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yusup


text: User talk:71.130.66.66

title: User talk:71.130.66.66


text: User talk:85.240.160.109

title: User talk:85.240.160.109


text:
The Sun Chronicle

The Sun Chronicle (formerly The Attleboro Sun and the Evening Chronicle) is a daily newspaper in Attleboro, Massachusetts, United States. Most of its readers are in Attleboro and North Attleborough, Massachusetts, but it also covers nearby Foxborough, Mansfield, Norfolk, Norton, Plainville, Rehoboth, Seekonk, and Wrentham, Massachusetts, as well as North Eastern Rhode Island. Its headquarters is located at 34 South Main St. in Attleboro.

The Sun Chronicle office also publishes the weekly Foxboro Reporter, weekly North Chronicle, weekly shopper Entertainment ADvisor, and the Silver City Bulletin in Taunton, Massachusetts.

In February 2005, The Sun Chronicle began publishing in the morning after decades as an afternoon newspaper.

Beginnings
The Sun Chronicle was founded in 1971 by Guy S. DeVany, who merged The Attleboro Sun (1889–1971), of which he was publisher, with The Evening Chronicle of North Attleborough (1871–1971).

The North Attleborough Evening Chronicle began February 3, 1871 as The Attleborough Chronicle, a 4-page weekly founded by Walter Phillips, a Providence newspaperman whose wife was Attleboro native Francena Capron. Phillips moved the newspaper's headquarters to North Attleboro in January 1873. Its name was changed to the North Attleborough Evening Chronicle in 1887, when the town of North Attleborough split from Attleboro.

The Attleboro Sun published its first issue September 3, 1889. For decades the two papers were friendly rivals.

The Chronicle was a small newspaper with big connections; for most of its history, its publisher was the prominent Republican Congressman Joseph W. Martin Jr., who served in the House from 1925 to 1967 and was Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955. Martin ran the Chronicle for six decades, and gave North Attleboro a reputation for conservatism.

The Attleboro Sun, for its part, was sold by a group of local businessmen in 1906 to John S. Vallette, an advertising salesman for The Providence Journal. He appointed a 19-year-old reporter, Charles C. Cain Jr., as the paper's editor.

Vallette expanded the newspaper's reach, and pushed for Attleboro to adopt a city form of government, which it did in 1914. Then in 1929, Cain became the newspaper's publisher, and in 1933 he appointed Clarence D. Roberts as editor. Roberts remained with the paper for about half a century, in later years contributing columns from Florida.

Merger
In 1957, Charles Cain sold the Sun to a group of local businessmen. DeVany, who published newspapers in the Midwest, replaced Cain. His tenure was marked by the Sun's modernization. In 1969, it was he who engineered the sale of the paper to Howard J. Brown and United Communications. Meanwhile, Joe Martin died in 1968, and two years later his brother sold the Chronicle to United Communications, too.

The Sun and the Chronicle operated separately under the same ownership for one year until they merged in March 1971 and became The Sun Chronicle. At the time, their combined circulation was 16,000.

The 20-page first issue of The Sun Chronicle was published on March 1, 1971. An advertisement for it on the back cover of the 12-page final edition of The Attleboro Sun declared: "The new Sun Chronicle will be an adventure in print . . . stimulating . . . provocative . . . at times disturbing . . . always interesting."

DeVany and General Manager Paul A. Rixon modernized the new Sun Chronicle, expanded its facilities, and boosted its circulation. For example, The Sun Chronicle says it was the first newspaper to convert from hot-type production to offset printing.

DeVany retired in 1983, and Rixon, who had been with the paper since 1960, took over as publisher. He continued The Sun Chronicle's modernization, and also acquired The Foxboro Reporter in 1986. Rixon launched a Sunday edition of The Sun Chronicle in 1989.

Rixon retired in 1998, and was replaced as publisher by General Manager Oreste P. D'Arconte, who had joined The Attleboro Sun as a reporter in 1969. D'Arconte launched The Sun Chronicle's web site in January 1999.

As of June 2007 The Sun Chronicle's circulation was growing - though that trend reversed in the following years - while its website averaged 11,000 visitors a day in the first half of 2007. A redesigned web site was quietly launched in April 2008.

United Communications Corporation, which owned The Sun Chronicle until 2018, also owns two other dailies, the Kenosha News of Wisconsin and Watertown Public Opinion of South Dakota.

Triboro Massachusetts News Media
In August, 2018, the newspaper was sold by United Communications Corporation to Triboro Massachusetts News Media, a new entity led by Canadian newspaper executive Steven Malkowich.

title: The Sun Chronicle


text:
Unifying Theories of Programming

Unifying Theories of Programming (UTP) in computer science deals with program semantics. It shows how denotational semantics, operational semantics and algebraic semantics can be combined in a unified framework for the formal specification, design and implementation of programs and computer systems.

The book of this title by C.A.R. Hoare and He Jifeng was published in the Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science in 1998 and is now freely available on the web.

Theories
The semantic foundation of the UTP is the first-order predicate calculus, augmented with fixed point constructs from second-order logic. Following the tradition of Eric Hehner, programs are predicates in the UTP, and there is no distinction between programs and specifications at the semantic level. In the words of Hoare:

"A computer program is identified with the strongest predicate describing every relevant observation that can be made of the behaviour of a computer executing that program."

In UTP parlance, a theory is a model of a particular programming paradigm. A UTP theory is composed of three ingredients:

 * an alphabet, which is a set of variable names denoting the attributes of the paradigm that can be observed by an external entity;
 * a signature, which is the set of programming language constructs intrinsic to the paradigm; and
 * a collection of healthiness conditions, which define the space of programs that fit within the paradigm. These healthiness conditions are typically expressed as monotonic idempotent predicate transformers.

Program refinement is an important concept in the UTP. A program $$P_1$$ is refined by $$P_2$$ if and only if every observation that can be made of $$P_2$$ is also an observation of $$P_1$$. The definition of refinement is common across UTP theories:

$$P_1 \sqsubseteq P_2 \quad\text{if and only if}\quad \left[ P_2 \Rightarrow P_1 \right]$$

where $$\left[ X \right]$$ denotes the universal closure of all variables in the alphabet.

Relations
The most basic UTP theory is the alphabetised predicate calculus, which has no alphabet restrictions or healthiness conditions. The theory of relations is slightly more specialised, since a relation's alphabet may consist of only:

 * undecorated variables ($$v$$), modelling an observation of the program at the start of its execution; and
 * primed variables ($$v'$$), modelling an observation of the program at a later stage of its execution.

Some common language constructs can be defined in the theory of relations as follows:

 * The skip statement, which does not alter the program state in any way, is modelled as the relational identity:

$$\mathbf{skip} \equiv v' = v$$

 * The assignment of value $$E$$ to a variable $$a$$ is modelled as setting $$a'$$ to $$E$$ and keeping all other variables (denoted by $$u$$) constant:

$$a := E \equiv  a' = E \land u' = u$$

 * The sequential composition of two programs is just relational composition of intermediate state:

$$P_1 ; P_2 \equiv  \exists v_0 \bullet P_1 [ v_0 / v' ]  \land  P_2 [ v_0 / v ]$$

 * Non-deterministic choice between programs is their greatest lower bound:

$$P_1 \sqcap P_2 \equiv  P_1 \lor P_2$$

 * Conditional choice between programs is written using infix notation:

$$P_1 \triangleleft C \triangleright P_2 \equiv  ( C \land P_1 ) \lor ( \lnot C \land P_2 )$$

 * A semantics for recursion is given by the least fixed point $$\mu \mathbf{F}$$ of a monotonic predicate transformer $$\mathbf{F}$$:

$$\mu X \bullet \mathbf{F}(X) \equiv  \sqcap \left\{ X  \mid  \mathbf{F}(X) \sqsubseteq X \right\}$$

title: Unifying Theories of Programming


text:
User:JBellis

sandbox

title: User:JBellis


text:
Isobutanol

Isobutanol (IUPAC nomenclature: 2-methylpropan-1-ol) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CHCH2OH (sometimes represented as i-BuOH). This colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic smell is mainly used as a solvent either directly or as its esters. Its isomers are 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and tert-butanol, all of which are important industrially.

Occurrence
Fusel alcohols including isobutanol are grain fermentation byproducts. Therefore, trace amounts of isobutanol may be present in many alcoholic beverages.

Production
Isobutanol is produced by the carbonylation of propylene. Two methods are practiced industrially, hydroformylation is more common and generates a mixture of isobutyraldehyde and butyraldehyde:
 * CH3CH=CH2 +  CO  +  H2  →   CH3CH2CH2CHO

The reaction is catalyzed by cobalt or rhodium complexes. The resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to the alcohols, which are then separated. In Reppe carbonylation, the same products are obtained, but the hydrogenation is effected by the water-gas shift reaction.

Laboratory synthesis
Propanol and methanol can be reacted to produce isobutyl alcohol via Guerbet condensation.

Biosynthesis of isobutanol
E. coli as well as several other organisms has been genetically modified to produce C4 alcohols from glucose, including isobutanol, 1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-phenylethanol. The host's highly active amino acid biosynthetic pathway is shifted to alcohol production. α-Ketoisovalerate, derived from valine, is prone to decarboxylation to give isobutyraldehyde, which is susceptible to reduction to the alcohol:
 * (CH3)2CHC(O)CO2H →  (CH3)2CHCHO  +  CO2
 * (CH3)2CHCHO +  NADH  +  H+  →  (CH3)2CHCH2OH  +  NAD+

Applications
The uses of isobutanol and 1-Butanol are similar. They are often used interchangeably. The main applications are as varnishes and precursors to esters, which are useful solvents, e.g. isobutyl acetate. Isobutyl esters of phthalic, adipic, and related dicarboxylic acids are common plasticizers. Isobutanol is also a component of some biofuels.

Safety and regulation
Isobutanol is one of the least toxic of the butanols with an of 2460 mg/kg (rat, oral).

In March 2009, the Government of Canada announced a ban on isobutanol use in cosmetics.

title: Isobutanol


text:
Geminal halide hydrolysis

Geminal halide hydrolysis is an organic reaction. The reactants are geminal dihalides with a water molecule or a hydroxide ion. The reaction yields ketones from secondary halides or aldehydes from primary halides.

Reaction mechanism
The first part of the reaction mechanism consists of an ordinary nucleophilic aliphatic substitution to produce a gem-halohydrin:

 * RCH(Cl)2 + KOH $\longrightarrow$ RCH(OH)Cl + KCl

The remaining halide is a good leaving group and this enables the newly created hydroxy group to convert into a carbonyl group by expelling the halide:

 * RCH(OH)Cl  $\longrightarrow$ Rearrangement gives R-CHO + HCl

Variations
Other functional groups can undergo similar hydrolysis reactions. For instance, geminal trihalides (e.g. benzotrichloride) can be partially hydrolyzed to acyl halides (e.g. benzoyl chloride) in a similar way. Further hydrolysis yields carboxylic acids.

title: Geminal halide hydrolysis


text:
Larroque-Toirac

Larroque-Toirac (Languedocien: La Ròca de Toirac) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France.

Overlooked by a medieval castle, the village lies halfway between Figeac and Cajarc in the valley of the Lot.

The castle (Château de Larroque-Toirac) was built in the 12th century and improved over the following 300 years. It is now a popular tourist attraction.

title: Larroque-Toirac


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/TawhÄ«d

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Redirect Wikibofh 23:30, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

TawhÄ«d
dictdef. Correct, interesting, but bdictdef. Dl yo ns 493  Ta lk  21:32, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * In its present form, it's a definite transwiki candidate, but I suspect it could be kept and expanded into a quite interesting article, especially given its stated importance within the Islamic faith. Grutness...  wha?  23:59, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Tawhīd, which seems to be about the same concept. -- Jitse Niesen (talk) 22:33, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/TawhÄ«d


text:
Big Bang (financial markets)

The phrase Big Bang, used in reference to the sudden deregulation of financial markets, was coined to describe measures, including abolition of fixed commission charges and of the distinction between stockjobbers and stockbrokers on the London Stock Exchange and change from open outcry to screen-based electronic trading, effected by UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in 1986.

History
The Big Bang was the result of an agreement in 1983 by the Thatcher government and the London Stock Exchange to settle a wide-ranging antitrust case that had been initiated during the previous government by the Office of Fair Trading against the London Stock Exchange under the Restrictive Trade Practices Act 1956. These restrictive practices included the London Stock Exchange's rules establishing fixed minimum commissions, the "single capacity" rule (which enforced a separation between brokers acting as agents for their clients on commission and jobbers who made the markets and theoretically provided liquidity by holding lines of stocks and shares on their books), the requirement that both brokers and jobbers should be independent and not part of any wider financial group, and the stock exchange's exclusion of all foreigners from stock exchange membership.

The day the London Stock Exchange's rules changed on 27 October 1986 was dubbed "Big Bang" because of the increase in market activity expected from an aggregation of measures designed to alter the structure of the financial market.

The effect of Big Bang led to significant changes to the structure of the financial markets in London. The changes saw many of the old firms being taken over by large banks both foreign and domestic and would lead in the following years to further changes to the regulatory environment that would eventually lead to the creation of the Financial Services Authority.

Consequences
The effects of Big Bang were dramatic, with London's place as a financial capital decisively strengthened, to the point where in 2006 it was arguably the world's most important financial centre. The boom resulted in the relocation of institutions into new developments in the nearby Isle of Dogs area, particularly that of Canary Wharf.

Although the "Big Bang" eased stock market transactions there is a debate in the UK about how far it affected the 2007–2008 financial crisis.

In 2010, Nigel Lawson, Margaret Thatcher's Chancellor of the Exchequer at the time of Big Bang, appeared on the BBC Radio Four programme Analysis to discuss the banking reform.

"During the programme, Nigel Lawson is reported as having 'converted to the Glass-Steagall cause' [of separating retail banking from investment banking], due to concerns of moral hazard ('[banks] are not going to be as careful and as cautious and as prudent as they should be') and banks being 'Too Big To Fail' (at taxpayers expense, as seen during the 2007–2008 financial crisis)."

"During the programme, the presenter, Edward Stourton says, 'Lord Lawson isn't alone in his admission that [through the 'Big Bang'] we walked into the new banking world without really understanding the risks involved' [by ending the separation of high street banks and merchant banks]. Nigel Lawson muses, 'I didn't give it a great deal of thought at that time. I'd taken for granted that separation, as by custom and practice we'd had that all those years (we'd always had it), but it was a completely unforeseen consequence of the stock exchange reforms'."

"John Reed (a former Citigroup banker) says that, “we were simply ignorant of the risks that we were getting into” (from the repeal of Glass-Steagall in 1999). He attributes its repeal (in the United States) as being due to his customers (“big international institutions”) wanting to issue commercial paper, instead of borrowing directly from banks, as well as from the Big Bang, due to “globalised markets” and “inter-connected capital markets” making it difficult when there is one regime in London and a different one in New York."

In 2011 former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown expressed regret at not implementing tougher regulations during his tenure of chancellor between 1997 and 2007, responding to "relentless pressure" from the City not to over-regulate.

We know in retrospect what we missed. We set up the Financial Services Authority (FSA) believing that the problem would come from the failure of an individual institution, so we created a monitoring system which was looking at individual institutions. That was the big mistake.

We didn't understand how risk was spread across the system, we didn't understand the entanglements of different institutions with the other and we didn't understand even though we talked about it just how global things were, including a shadow banking system as well as a banking system.

That was our mistake, but I'm afraid it was a mistake made by just about everybody who was in the regulatory business.

Similar events
Subsequent similar actions, such as the deregulation of the Japanese financial markets circa 1997, have analogously also been tagged with the phrase Big Bang.

title: Big Bang (financial markets)


text:
File:IronMastersposter.jpg

Summary
Historic movie publicity poster

Rationale
This low-resolution scan of an old newsreel poster is being used in reference to the newsreel itself in the context of the Harold McSpaden article, since Harold "Jug" McSpaden in the subject of said newsreel. It cannot be replaced with a free image. Fair use is indicated for a poster image when it is being used in direct regard to the subject of the poster and in a noncommercial venue and for educational purposes. Use of photo here does not detract in any way to commercial value of original poster. J. Van Meter 12:55, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

title: File:IronMastersposter.jpg


text:
Eliyahu Chaim Rosen

Eliyahu Chaim Rosen (1899–1984) was a respected rabbi and leader of the Breslov Hasidim in Uman, Ukraine before World War II. After immigrating to Israel in 1936, he founded the Breslover Yeshiva in Jerusalem, and served as its rosh yeshiva for decades.

Introduction to Uman
Rosen was born in Pułtusk, Poland, which was then part of the Russian Empire. He was orphaned as a very young boy. He was sent to a nearby city to begin learning Torah at the age of five, and proved himself to be a gifted student.

At the age of 12, he was accepted at the Łomża Yeshiva. There, he came across a copy of Tikkun HaKlali (Rebbe Nachman of Breslov's "General Remedy"), and met a Breslover Hasid who convinced him to visit the Breslover community in Uman. Rosen made the trip in 1914. Later he said that what impressed him about the community was that the followers of Rebbe Nachman, who were obviously Hasidim, abided by all the halachot of the Shulchan Aruch without engaging in "Hasidic twists" or reinterpretations of the law.

Rosen decided to stay in Uman, however, after he heard that Rebbe Nachman had said, "The most difficult spiritual devotion is far easier than a simple physical transaction." He sought an explanation from Rabbi Abraham Chazan, a leading Breslover teacher. (Chazan had moved to Jerusalem, but visited Uman every year. During World War I, Chazan was unable to leave the country and spent the time teaching and strengthening the Breslover community in Uman.)

Chazan explained, "Hitbodedut (meditation) is the greatest spiritual devotion one can perform. All it takes is speaking with one's mouth. Even earning just a small amount of money requires more effort than that." Upon hearing this, Rosen decided to remain in Uman and continue to learn from Chazan and other Breslover rabbis.

Community leader
Eventually, Rosen and Rabbi Levi Yitzchok Bender became the joint leaders of the Breslover community in Uman.

Rosen displayed his commitment to his flock during a government-engineered famine in Ukraine engineered by Joseph Stalin's forced collectivization of agriculture (see Holodomor). Rosen organized shipments from the bread lines in Moscow to the starving community in Uman, and also appealed to the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee for assistance. This latter act brought Rosen and Bender to the attention of the NKVD in November 1935. The two were arrested and charged with making contact with foreign organizations. They were imprisoned, put on trial and faced the death sentence, but won an unexpected reprieve from by a sympathetic Jewish official in the Ministry of Justice in Kyiv.

Rosen and Bender were allowed to return to their homes, but were placed under "city arrest" and not allowed to leave Uman. However, both men fled the city. While Bender migrated from place to place, Rosen traveled straight to Moscow to pick up an exit visa that he had applied for in 1931.

Aliyah to Israel
When the exit visa was ready, he used it to flee to Jerusalem, together with his family, arriving in the summer of 1936. Rosen's arrival heralded a new beginning for the fledgling Breslover community in Israel. Together with Rabbi Abraham Sternhartz, who had also immigrated to Jerusalem in 1936, Rosen led the Breslover community in Israel with warmth and dedication.

Yeshiva founder
In 1937, he founded the Breslover Yeshiva in the Old City and served as its rosh yeshiva.

Sixteen years later, he spearheaded the construction of a larger Breslover synagogue and yeshiva in Meah Shearim. His ambitious plans for a four-story structure were ridiculed by some, since there were only about 150 Breslover Hasidim in the entire country at the time. Today, however, the building is not large enough to house the many people who come to it for prayers and study. The yeshiva building also operates gemachs (free-loan funds) for needy families, medical expenses and general loans.

Beyond his responsibilities as rosh yeshiva, Rosen was a central address for all who sought a sympathetic ear for their problems and worries. Invariably visitors would leave his study wondering what had bothered them so much in the first place. The problems didn't disappear, but Rosen was able to cut away all the surrounding anxieties and pressures and zero in on the one issue that the person needed to work on to improve his situation. Rosen often explained, "The Torah has five Books. The Shulchan Aruch has four volumes. What happened to the fifth volume? That corresponds to one's common sense, knowing where and how to apply your knowledge."

Weakened by typhus and other ailments during his youth, Rosen nevertheless radiated strength, joy and serenity throughout his life. Even when he grew very weak near the end of his life, he arose every night at midnight to recite the Tikkun Chatzot (Midnight Lament) and practiced hitbodedut regularly. When people asked him how he found the strength to pursue these rigorous devotions, he answered, "If you get used to it when you are young, it comes automatically after so many years." In the last year of his life, when he was bedridden most of the time, he remarked, "What would I be able to do now, if I didn't have Rebbe Nachman's advice of hitbodedut?"

title: Eliyahu Chaim Rosen


text:
Talk:Audio analysis

What is it?
What are the applications of this process and how prevalent is it?

What is it? ~Kvng (talk) 17:18, 29 June 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Audio analysis


text:
Cai (surname)

Cài is a Chinese-language surname that derives from the name of the ancient Cai state. In 2019 it was the 38th most common surname in China, but the 9th most common in Taiwan (as of 2018), where it is usually romanized as "Tsai" (based on Wade-Giles romanization of Standard Mandarin ), "Tsay", or "Chai" and the 8th most common in Singapore, where it is usually romanized as "Chua", which is based on its Teochew and Hokkien pronunciation. Koreans use Chinese-derived family names and in Korean, Cai is 채 in Hangul, "Chae" in Revised Romanization, It is also a common name in Hong Kong where it is romanized as "Choy", "Choi" or "Tsoi". In Macau, it is spelled as "Choi". In Malaysia, it is romanized as "Choi" from the Cantonese pronunciation, and "Chua" or "Chuah" from the Hokkien or Teochew pronunciation. It is romanized in the Philippines as "Chua" or "Chuah", and in Thailand as "Chuo" (ฉั่ว). Moreover, it is also romanized in Cambodia as either "Chhay" or "Chhor" among people of full Chinese descent living in Cambodia and as “Tjhai”, "Tjoa" or "Chua" in Indonesia.

History
The Chois are said to be the descendants of the 5th son of King Wen of Zhou, Ji Du. Ji Du was awarded the title of marquis (hóu) of the State of Cai (centered on what is now Shangcai, Zhumadian, Henan, China), and he was known as Cai Shu Du ("Uncle Du of Cai"). Together with Guan Shu and Huo Shu, they were known as the Three Guards. When King Wu died, his son King Cheng was too young and his uncle, the Duke of Zhou, became regent. Seeing that the power of the Duke of Zhou was increasing, the Three Guards got jealous and rebelled against Zhou together with Wu Geng. The Duke of Zhou suppressed the rebellion, and Cai Shu was exiled. King Cheng reestablished Cai Shu's son Wu or Hu as the new Duke of Cai. Some 600 years later in the Warring States period, the State of Chu conquered Cai in 447 BC and was itself conquered by the Qin state which, in turn, formed the Qin Empire, China's first empire. With the spread of family names to all social classes in the new empire, many people of the former state of Cai began to bear it as a surname.

The Cai descendants have undertaken the following two major migrations. During the Huang Chao Rebellion (AD 875) at the end of the Tang dynasty (AD 618–907), the Cai clan migrated to Guangdong and Fujian provinces. Another later migration occurred when Ming dynasty loyalist Koxinga moved military officials surnamed Cai and their families to Taiwan in the 17th century. As a result, the surname is far more common in these areas and in areas settled by their descendants (e.g., Southeast Asia) than in other parts of China.

Chinese
Cai is written the same (蔡) in both simplified and traditional Chinese characters.

In Mandarin Chinese, the surname is transliterated as Cài in pinyin and Tongyong Pinyin, Ts'ai in Wade-Giles, and Tsay in Gwoyeu Romatzyh. In Southern Min or Taiwanese, it is Chhoà in Pe̍h-oē-jī. In Cantonese (Hong Kong and Macau), it is Coi3 in Jyutping and Choi in Yale. (This should not be confused with the predominantly Korean family name Choi which has a different character [崔]). In Hakka it is Tshai in Pha̍k-fa-sṳ. (In Tongyong pinyin, it is Cai in Siyen Hakka and Ca̱i in Hoiliuk Hakka.) In Fuzhou dialect, it is Chái (in Bàng-uâ-cê).

Other languages
Koreans use Chinese-derived family names and in Korean, Cai is 채 in Hangul, Chae in Revised Romanization, and Ch'ae in McCune-Reischauer.

Vietnamese also use Chinese-derived family names. In Vietnamese, the name is Thái. The Chinese name 蔡 is usually transliterated via Sino-Vietnamese as Thái but sometimes as Sái.

Japanese do not use Chinese family names but for Chinese in Japan who carry the name, it is さい in Hiragana and Sai in the major romanization systems.

Romanization
Cai is romanized as Cai in the People's Republic of China, Tsai (or occasionally Tsay or Chai for Mandarin) or Tsoa in Taiwan, and Choi or Choy in Hong Kong and Malaysia. In Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei, the most common forms are Chua or Chuah for Teochew and Hokkien speakers, Chai for Hakka speakers, Choi or Tsoi for Cantonese speakers, and Toy or Toi for Taishanese speakers. In Indonesia, it is usually romanized as Tjoa/Tjhoa/Tjoea/Tjhoea (Hokkien & Teochew), Tjhoi (Cantonese) or Tjhai (Hakka) with Dutch spelling, or Tjua/Tjhua (Hokkien & Teochew) with old Indonesian spelling, or Chua (Hokkien & Teochew), Choy/Choi (Cantonese) or Chai (Hakka) with current Indonesian spelling. In the Philippines, it is Chua or Cua ( or ). Chua is pronounced in other Anglophone countries outside the Philippines.

Other variations include Chye and Coi.

Derivative names
In addition, some of the Chuas (Cais) who resided in the Philippines adopted Spanish names to avoid persecution by the Spanish rulers during the Philippines' Spanish colonial rule from the early 16th to late 19th century. Hispanicized forms of the name include Chuachiaco, Chuakay, Chuapoco, Chuaquico, Chuacuco, Tuazon, Chuateco, and Chuatoco. These names were formed from the surname, one character of the given name, and the suffix "-co", a Minnan honorific ko (哥), literally meaning "older brother".

In Thailand, most Thais of Chinese descendance use Thai surnames. Legislation by Siamese King Rama VI (r. 1910–1925) required the adoption of Thai surnames which was largely directed at easing tensions with Chinese community by encouraging assimilation. Thai law did not (and does not) allow identical surnames to those already in existence, so ethnic Chinese formerly surnamed Chua incorporating words that sound like "Chua" and have good meaning (such as Chai, meaning "victory") into much longer surnames.

After Suharto came to power, his regime created many anti-Chinese legislations in Indonesia. One of them was 127/U/Kep/12/1966 which strongly encouraged ethnic Chinese living in Indonesia to adopt Indonesian-sounding names instead of the standard three-word or two-word Chinese names. Many Indonesianized names are Chinese surname syllables with western or Indonesian prefix or suffix – resulting in many exotic-sounding names. Although two Chinese individuals shared the same Chinese surname, they may employ different strategies for the Indonesian-sounding names. For example, Indonesianized forms of Cai include Tjuatja, Cuaca, Tjuandi, Cuandi, Tjahjana, Tjahja, etc. Despite the Indonesianization, the Chinese surnames are still used today by the Chinese-Indonesian diaspora overseas (mostly in the Netherlands, Germany, and USA); by those Chinese-Indonesians courageous enough during Suharto's regime to keep their Chinese names (e.g., Kwik Kian Gie), or by those who couldn't afford to process the name change through Indonesia's civil bureaucracy. After Suharto resigned from the presidency, subsequent governments revoked the ban on the ethnic Chinese from speaking and learning Chinese in public. Using the original Chinese surnames is no longer a taboo but only a small minority have decided to re-adopt the original Chinese surnames of their grandparents or to use the Mandarin Chinese pinyin romanization, pronunciation and spelling and most retain their changed names as the post-1965 generations have been culturally Indonesianized.

Notable people

 * Cai Cheng, Chinese politician
 * Cai Chusheng, early Chinese film director
 * Cai E, Chinese revolutionary and warlord in early 20th century
 * Cai Feihu, Chinese professor, engineer and businessman
 * Cai Gongshi, Chinese emissary killed by Japanese soldiers during the Jinan Incident
 * Cai Guo-Qiang, Chinese contemporary artist and curator.
 * Cai Hesen, early leader of the Chinese Communist Party and a friend and comrade of Mao Zedong
 * Cai Jing, Song dynasty official and a character in the Chinese literature classic the Water Margin
 * Lady Cai, wife of Han dynasty provincial governor Liu Biao
 * Cai Lun, inventor of paper in the Han dynasty
 * Cai Mao, man of the gentry who served under Han dynasty provincial governor Liu Biao, cousin of Cai He and Cai Zhong
 * Cai Pei, diplomat and politician in the Republic of China
 * Cai Qi, Chinese politician
 * Cai Qian, Chinese pirate in the Qing dynasty
 * Cai Shangjun, Chinese film director and screenwriter
 * Cai Shu, Chinese high jumper
 * Cai Tingkai, Chinese general during the Republican era
 * Cai Wenji, Han dynasty poet and composer also known as Cai Yan, daughter of scholar Cai Yong
 * Cai Xiang, calligrapher, scholar, official and poet during the Song dynasty also known as Cai Zhonghui
 * Cai Xitao, Chinese botanist
 * Cai Xukun, Chinese actor, singer and song composer, former leader and center of Chinese boy group Nine Percent
 * Cai Xuzhe, Chinese astronaut
 * Cai Yong, Han dynasty scholar and father of Cai Wenji
 * Cai Yuanpei, chancellor of Peking University and first president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Academic Sinica)
 * Cai Yun, Chinese badminton player
 * Cai Zhuohua, Chinese Christian preacher
 * Chae Je-gong, Joseon dynasty scholar, writer, politician
 * Chae Myung-shin, a South Korean army officer
 * Chae Su-chan, South Korean politician and scholar
 * Chai Trong-rong or Trong Chai, Taiwanese politician
 * Ada Choi, Hong Kong actress
 * Charlene Choi, Hong Kong singer, member of the Twins duo
 * Christine Choi, Secretary of Education in Hong Kong
 * Choi Chi-sum, Hong Kong evangelist
 * Choi Kwok-wai, Hong Kong actor
 * Fátima Choi, Macanese government minister
 * Sandra Choi, English creative director and designer for shoemaker Jimmy Choo Ltd
 * Sisley Choi, Hong Kong actress
 * Richard Tsoi, Hong Kong activist and polictican
 * Vin Choi, Hong Kong actor
 * Choi York Yee, Hong Kong footballer and sports commentator
 * Anna Choy, Australian actress, TV presenter, and Australia Day Ambassador
 * Elizabeth Choy, North Borneo-born Singaporean World War II heroine
 * Choy So-yuk, Hong Kong politician
 * Choy Weng Yang, Singaporean artist
 * Alfrancis Chua, Filipino basketball coach
 * Amy Chua, American academic and author of Filipino Chinese descent
 * Brent Chua, Filipino model
 * Dexmon Chua, Singaporean murder victim
 * Chua Ek Kay, Singaporean artist
 * Chua En Lai (born 1979), Singaporean actor
 * Glen Chua, Canadian film director, actor, and writer
 * Joi Chua (Joi Tsai), Singaporean singer
 * Jonathan Chua (Jon Chua JX / Jonny X), Singaporean musician & entrepreneur
 * Dino Reyes Chua, Filipino politician and the current mayor of Noveleta, Cavite
 * Chua Jui Meng (born 1943), Malaysian health minister and prominent politician
 * Chua Lam, Singaporean-born Hong Kong columnist and movie producer
 * Chua Leong Aik, Singaporean murder accomplice
 * Leon O. Chua, American professor and inventor of Chua's circuit
 * Simon Chua Ling Fung, bodybuilder from Singapore
 * Mark Welson Chua, Filipino murder victim
 * Paige Chua (born 1981), Singaporean model and actress
 * Paul Chua, Singaporean bodybuilder
 * Chua Phung Kim, Singaporean weightlifter
 * Robert Chua, Singapore-born Asian television executive
 * Chua Ser Lien, Singaporean kidnapper
 * Chua Sock Koong, Singaporean telecom executive
 * Chua Soi Lek, Malaysian health minister and prominent politician, former Member of Parliament for Labis
 * Chua Soon Bui, Malaysian politician
 * Tanya Chua, Singaporean singer
 * Chua Tee Yong, Malaysian politician, former Member of Parliament for Labis
 * Chua Tian Chang, or Tian Chua, Malaysian politician, former Member of Parliament for Batu
 * Chua Yee Ling, Malaysian politician, former Member of Perak State Assembly for Kuala Sapetang
 * Chua Wei Kiat, Malaysian politician, Member of Selangor State Assembly for Rawang and State Chairman for AMK's Selangor Chief
 * Xiao Chua, Filipino historian
 * Chen-Nee Chuah, American computer scientist
 * Chong Yan Chuah, Malaysian artist, architect, and designer
 * Tricia Chuah, Malaysian squash player
 * Chuah Eng Cheng (c. 1921–?), Malaysian field hockey player
 * Chuah Guat Eng (born 1943), Malaysian novelist
 * Chuah Hean Teik (born 1961), Malaysian engineer
 * Chuah Thean Teng (1914–2008), Malaysian artist
 * Mooi Choo Chuah, American engineer
 * Hirokazu Nakaima, Governor of Okinawa Prefecture; Nakaima is descended from a Chinese family with the surname of Cai, one of the 36 Han Chinese Kumemura families who moved to Okinawa in 1392.
 * Sai On, scholar-bureaucrat official of the Ryūkyū Kingdom
 * Sai Taku, scholar-bureaucrat official of the Ryūkyū Kingdom
 * David Thai, Vietnamese-American gangster
 * Minh Thai, Vietnamese-American speedcuber
 * Thái Phiên, Vietnamese scholar and revolutionary
 * Thái Quang Hoàng, lieutenant general in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam
 * Thái Thanh, Vietnamese-American singer
 * Thái Văn Dung, Vietnamese Catholic activist
 * Vico Thai, Vietnamese-Australian actor
 * Tjoa Ing Hwie or Tjoa Jien Hwie, the birth name of Surya Wonowidjojo, founder of Gudang Garam
 * Marga Tjoa, real name of Indonesian writer Marga T
 * Tjoa To Hing, birth name of Indonesian businessman Rachman Halim
 * Alex Tsai, Taiwanese politician
 * Tsai Chia-Hsin, Taiwanese badminton player
 * Tsai Chih-chieh, Taiwanese footballer (soccer player)
 * Tsai Chih-Ling, American business professor and author
 * Tsai Chih Chung, Taiwanese cartoonist
 * Tsai Chin, Taiwanese popular music singer
 * Tsai, Emilio Estevez, Canadian soccer player
 * Tsai Horng Chung, Chinese-Sarawakan painter
 * Tsai Hsien-tang, Taiwanese footballer
 * Tsai Hui-kai, Taiwanese footballer (soccer player)
 * Tsai Ing-wen, president and former vice premier of Taiwan
 * Tsai Li-huei, Taiwanese born American neuroscientist
 * Tsai Ying-wen, Taiwanese Political scientist
 * Jeanne Tsai, American academic
 * Jolin Tsai, Taiwanese pop singer
 * Joseph Tsai, Canadian businessman, lawyer and philanthropist
 * Kevin Tsai, Taiwanese writer and television host
 * Lauren Tsai, American illustrator, model, and actress
 * Tsai Min-you, real name of a Taiwanese singer Evan Yo
 * Ming Tsai, American chef and host of television cooking shows
 * Tsai Mi-ching, Deputy Minister of Science and Technology of the Republic of China
 * Tsai Ming-Hung, Taiwanese baseball player
 * Tsai Ming-liang, Taiwanese movie director
 * Tsai Ping-kun, Deputy Mayor of Taipei
 * Tsai Sen-tien, Vice Minister of Health and Welfare of the Republic of China (2016–2017)
 * Tsai Shengbai, Chinese industrialist
 * Stephen W. Tsai, American engineer
 * Tsai Wan-chun, Taiwanese politician and founder of Cathay Life Insurance Company; brother of Tsai Wan-lin and Tsai Wan-tsai (qq.v.) and father of Tsai Chen-chou and Tsai Chen-nan (businessman)
 * Tsai Wan-lin, Taiwanese billionaire and founder of Cathay Life Insurance Company; brother of Tsai Wan-chin and Tsai Wan-tsai (qq.v.) and father of Tsai Hong-tu and T. Y. Tsai
 * Tsai Wan-tsai, Taiwanese billionaire, member of the Legislative Yuan and founder of Fubon Group; brother of Tsai Wan-chin and Tsai Wan-lin (qq.v.) and father of Daniel Tsai and Richard Tsai
 * Will Tsai, Canadian magician
 * Tsai Yi-chen, Taiwanese actress
 * Yu Tsai, American photographer
 * Zikos Chua, Singaporean-Greek professional footballer

title: Cai (surname)


text:
Huissier de justice

A huissier de justice (literally French for "justice usher"), sometimes translated to judicial officer, is an officer of the court in France, Luxembourg, Belgium, Quebec, and Switzerland. The officer is appointed by a magistrate of the court (or in France, by the Minister of Justice) and holds a monopoly on the service and execution of court decisions and enforceable instruments. Huissiers de justice also serve as formal witnesses to events (constat d'huissier) in the manner of a notary public.

There is no exactly similar position in the English or American legal system, but the post is often translated as bailiff or process server because of the roughly similar function.

In their role as a member of the legal profession they are authorized to serve process, and as such are responsible for delivering legal documents and authenticating the parties to whom they are delivered; proceed in the enforcement and recovery of any court and legal claims, including bankruptcy, property claims, seizures, and evictions; issue court summonses (assignments and quotations); and perform other actions. They may also exercise authorizations of a Court of Appeals, and act in insurance and property actions. Further, they have the sole right to call police hearings to guarantee execution of court orders, and to conduct other activities such as amicable settlements, draft findings of private deeds, and offer limited legal advice. They are authorized to authenticate character findings, which may serve as evidence during litigation. Some elements of their statements cannot be challenged except by way of improbation.

title: Huissier de justice


text:
Clifton, Louisville

Clifton is a neighborhood east of downtown Louisville, Kentucky USA. Clifton was named because of its hilly location on the Ohio River valley escarpment. Clifton is bounded by I-64, N Ewing Ave, Brownsboro Road, and Mellwood Ave.

History

Unlike other Louisville neighborhoods, Clifton was developed over a period of 60 years, with the first homes built in the 1860s sitting next to homes built in the 1910s, although nearly all homes were built in Victorian styles. Its residential areas are also much less dense than other nearby areas like Butchertown or the Original Highlands. The Louisville and Lexington toll pike, which is now called Frankfort Avenue, went through the heart of the area and was lined with small shops.

The area began to revitalize in the 1990s, as numerous restaurants, boutiques, and antique shops opened up along Frankfort Avenue. Area attractions include the Kentucky School for the Blind and the American Printing House for the Blind.

Demographics

As of 2000, the population of Clifton was 2,469, of which whites are 87.2%, blacks are 8.1%, people listed as other are 2.2%, and Hispanics are 2%. College graduates are 32.1% of the population, people without a high school degree are 22%. Females outnumber males 53.1% to 46.9%.

title: Clifton, Louisville


text: User:Preost/Arabic

title: User:Preost/Arabic