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C. F. A. Voysey

Charles Francis Annesley Voysey (28 May 1857 – 12 February 1941) was an English architect and furniture and textile designer. Voysey's early work was as a designer of wallpapers, fabrics and furnishings in a Arts and Crafts style and he made important contribution to the Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style), and was recognized by the seminal The Studio magazine. He is renowned as the architect of several country houses.

He was one of the first people to understand and appreciate the significance of industrial design. He has been considered one of the pioneers of Modern Architecture, a notion which he rejected. His English domestic architecture draws heavily on vernacular rather than academic tradition, influenced by the ideas of Herbert Tudor Buckland (1869–1951) and Augustus Pugin (1812–1852).

The Sanderson wallpaper factory (1901) in Chiswick, which he designed, is named Voysey House in his memory.

Education
Born at Kingston College, at Hessle, Yorkshire on 28 May 1857, he was the eldest son of Rev. Charles Voysey, a Church of England priest who was deprived of his living in 1871 for his heterodox views. The family moved to London where his father founded the Theistic Church. Voysey was educated by his father, then briefly at Dulwich College.

In 1874 Voysey was articled for five years to the architect J. P. Seddon, with whom he subsequently remained a further year as chief assistant. From Seddon Voysey learnt the 'Gothic' principles of design first propounded by A. W. N. Pugin: elevations should grow naturally out of the requirements of the plan and only 'honest' construction should be used. Seddon and Voysey both believed in following these principles of design without slavishly copying Gothic styles. But, however freely Seddon interpreted the Gothic styles, his work remained discernibly Gothic, whereas Voysey's mature work eliminated all trace of period styles. Voysey followed Seddon in believing, like Pugin, that it was the business of an architect to make designs not only for buildings but also for the allied crafts.

In 1879 Voysey spent a brief period as assistant to the architect Henry Saxon Snell (1830–1904), and from 1880 to 1881 he worked as an assistant in the office of George Devey, who was a follower of his father's Theistic Church. There he gained valuable site experience, and would have encountered Devey's skill as a watercolourist and his considerable knowledge of English vernacular architecture. In 1881 or early 1882 Voysey set up his own practice in London.

Design
Voysey's designs in the field of applied art included furniture, wallpapers, fabrics, carpets, tiles, metalwork, ceramics and graphic design. Sometimes he designed artefacts specially for his own buildings, and sometimes he sold designs to manufacturers for wider use.

Voysey's development as a furniture designer corresponded to his development as an architect, and by c.1895 he had evolved a definitive personal style. His furniture conformed, with a few exceptions, to this style until 1910, when he began to introduce greater elaboration, including Gothic motifs, into his designs. The simple elegance of Voysey's furniture from the period 1895–1910 was achieved by relying on the innate beauty of high quality materials, especially unpolished oak, and by eschewing complicated decoration in favour of a careful balance of the vertical and horizontal elements in a design.

The vertical elements were often emphasised by tapering the vertical supports from a square to an octagonal section and by carrying corner supports up above the functionally necessary height; the horizontal elements were often emphasised by simply moulded cornices, by circular caps on the tops of corner supports (a motif borrowed from Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo) and by long strap-hinges made of unpolished bronze.

Voysey was a distinguished designer of flat patterns for wallpapers, fabrics, carpets and tiles. It was Mackmurdo who first introduced him to the techniques of wallpaper design, and some of Voysey's early pattern designs incorporated more restrained versions of the swirling motifs beloved by Mackmurdo and the Century guild of artists. Voysey sold his first wallpaper design in 1883; by the late 1880s his reputation as a wallpaper designer was established at home and abroad, and he was still selling pattern designs in 1930. His career as a pattern designer was thus longer and more prolific than his career as an architect. But it was also complementary to his architectural career, because selling patterns supplemented his income in the lean years of his architectural practice, before c. 1895 and after c. 1910.

Many of Voysey's pattern designs rely for their effect on rhythmically contrasted shapes consisting of areas of flat, clear colour, usually bounded by dark or pale outlines. This is in the tradition of oriental design praised by Victorian reformers of design, such as Owen Jones and Matthew Digby Wyatt. In Voysey's work stylised natural forms, especially plants and birds, often represent the positive shapes, and areas of background form the contrasting negative shapes. This skilful juxtaposition can also be seen in his handling of the solids and voids in his designs for two-dimensional metalwork, such as ventilator grilles and hinges. Some of Voysey's pattern designs after c. 1900 consist of motifs placed in comparative isolation against a light ground. The use of scale is arbitrary, giving an effect of naive charm reminiscent of medieval illuminations and tapestries. The later designs are generally smaller and more delicately coloured than the designs of the 1880s and 1890s.

At the suggestion of his friend A. H. Mackmurdo, Voysey began designing wallpapers in 1883 under contract for Jeffrey & Co while waiting for architectural commissions to come in. He joined the Art-Workers' Guild in 1884, and displayed both printed textiles and wallpapers at the inaugural Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society show at the New Gallery in 1888. In 1893 he began designing wallpapers for Essex & Co., for whom he executed several hundred patterns.

Distinct stages can be identified in Voysey's wallpaper and textile designs. His earliest works, through the late 1880s, have historically influenced traditional repeats. By the mid-1890s, he was creating his most characteristic and original designs, flowing patterns in pastel colourways with flattened silhouettes of birds, florals, and hearts. Designs were used for both wallpaper and textiles, which were often executed as wool double cloths for furnishing.

Typical patterns of this period include The Saladin wallpaper, 1897 and The Owl jacquard-woven woollen textile, 1898. From 1910 onwards, his patterns became more narrative, with isolated motifs, and were often meant for the nursery. The Alice in Wonderland furnishing fabric, c.1920, is typical of this phase. His last recorded wallpaper commission was dated 1930.

In 1896, The Studio confirmed Voysey's place in the decorative arts, writing "Now a 'Voysey wall-paper' sounds almost as familiar as a 'Morris chintz' or a 'Liberty silk'." Voysey also designed for Donegal Carpets and many other firms over a fifty-year career in design.

Architectural work

Voysey's first design was for a house at Loughton for Octavius Dixie Deacon. A house was erected on the site, but whether it bore any relation to Voysey's design is not known. By 1894, Voysey had moved his practice to Melina Place, St John's Wood, London, next door to the influential Arts and Crafts architect Edward Schroeder Prior, resulting in the development of a long term friendship and exchange of ideas between the two men.

Voysey's architectural practice began slowly, with small alterations and surveys; a number of unexecuted designs from these early years were published and reveal the influence of both Seddon and Devey. In 1888, he obtained his first architectural commission, for The Cottage (addition by Voysey, 1900) at Bishop's Itchington, Warwicks. The Cottage was built of thin, buttressed brickwork, roughcast and painted cream.

That form of construction was chosen by Voysey because it was cheap, but in his hands it became an aesthetic end in itself, as he skilfully juxtaposed the solid and void, light and shadow, of the clean-cut forms. Other 19th century architects, including Devey, had built country cottages in a simple vernacular style with whitened roughcast for estate workers, parsons and schoolmasters. For 1888, The Cottage was unusual not only for being entirely roughcast, but also for its simplicity and informality, which were revolutionary in a gentleman's house.

Walnut Tree Farm (1890) at Castlemorton, near Malvern, Worcestershire, and a house at Bedford Park (1891), Chiswick, west London, have certain novel features that became characteristic of Voysey's designs. Walnut Tree Farm shows for the first time the lively colouring that was to become typical of his houses: whitened roughcast, bright green exterior woodwork, oversize, bright green water-butts, bright green tubs of bay trees and bright red curtains at the windows. At Bedford Park the innovation consisted of very simplified classical or Queen Anne details, a slate roof, and practical metal frames and stone surrounds of the windows.

In 1893, Voysey obtained his first commission for a relatively expensive house, Perrycroft, at Colwall, near Malvern. From then until 1910, Voysey received a steady stream of architectural commissions; most were simple, white country or suburban houses with low, spreading lines, for which he became famous. He introduced some mannered, even eccentric, classical detailing into two fairly expensive houses in Surrey, designed in 1897: New Place, near Haslemere, and Norney Grange, near Shackleford. But there was a return to simplicity at Broad Leys and Moorcrag, the lakeside houses near Windermere that he designed in 1898.

Between 1900 and 1910, Voysey obtained a series of commissions that gave him the opportunity to design complete houses, including every detail of the interiors, not only fixtures, but also movable furniture, carpets, curtains and wall coverings. The Orchard, Chorleywood, Hertfordshire, designed for himself and his wife in 1899, was the first such house. In 1901 came The Pastures at North Luffenham, Rutland; in 1905 Holly Mount, near Beaconsfield, Bucks, and The Homestead at Frinton-on-Sea, Essex.

An interior design carried out in London was Garden Corner (1906) on the Chelsea Embankment. In the typical Voysey interior, the low ceilings and deep friezes were white, and the woodwork was unpolished oak, if possible, or cheaper deal, painted white. Colours in furnishings, tiled fireplaces and wall and floor coverings were soft and light, for example delicate greens and heathery purples, with a few bright accents of red and turquoise. There was no clutter in a Voysey interior: furniture was sparse and the use of pattern in wallpapers, carpets and metalwork was sparing.

From c. 1910, Voysey's architectural practice declined, largely because he was out of sympathy with the new fashion for classical forms. He reacted against that by introducing details of Gothic origin into his work. In 1909, he used a pointed arch in the porch of Brooke End at Henley-in-Arden, Warwickshire, and in the same year he built a miniature courtyard house in Tudor Gothic style at Combe Down, near Bath. Unexecuted designs of 1914 for larger houses have eccentric courtyard plans, pointed arches, crenellations and towers.

Voysey only occasionally obtained commissions for buildings other than country or suburban houses, but when he did he displayed considerable versatility. On the restricted site of his Bedford Park house, he abandoned his usual horizontal planning and built a "tower house". The two brick-faced terrace houses (1891) that he built in Hans Road, Knightsbridge, London, display great ingenuity in the arrangement of plan and section. The Sanderson wallpaper factory (1902) in Chiswick is severely functional in form and faced with white-glazed bricks. However, for the fitting out of the offices of the Essex and Suffolk Equitable Insurance Company (designed 1906–9), Capel House, New Broad Street, London, he considered a degree of expensive decoration to be appropriate.

Voysey designed every detail of his houses, including the furniture. His houses were inspired by English vernacular sources of the 16th and early 17th centuries, featuring white roughcast walls with horizontal ribbon windows and huge pitched roofs, and used rough plaster, slate and other materials typical of English farmhouses.

Examples of his completed architectural works are: Perrycroft, Colwall, Herefordshire 1893; Annesley Lodge, Hampstead, London, 1896; An artist's cottage (14 South Parade), Chiswick, London C.1890; Merlshanger (later Greyfriars), Hog's Back, Puttenham near Guildford, 1896; Norney Grange, Shackleford, 1897; Spade House, Sandgate, Kent (the home of the writer H. G. Wells); Voysey House (a Sanderson wallpaper factory, now offices), Chiswick 1902; The Pastures, North Luffenham, Rutland 1903; The Orchard, Chorleywood, 1900, which he designed for himself; Voysey Garden, Emslie Horniman's Pleasance, North Kensington, 1914 is a public garden designed by Voysey. Voysey designed the Malvern Wells War Memorial in Malvern Wells, Worcestershire. It was unveiled in 1920 and is topped by a sculpture of a pelican.

There are several examples of Voysey's design near Bowness-on-Windermere, Cumbria, with roughcast walls and massive rendered stacks on sweeping slate roofs. Architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner greatly admired the Orchard, and identified Broad Leys as Voysey's masterpiece, seeing in them seeds of the modernist movement.

"Although theoretically quite different, the simplicity and horizontal emphasis of Voysey's houses were incorrectly distinguished as physical precursors of the International Style. Based on this tenuous connection, Voysey received the RIBA Gold Medal in 1940."

In fact, Voysey himself, who was Master of the Art-Workers Guild in 1924, had a strong dislike of modern architecture, and was irritated by Pevsner's identification of his work with the movement.

Broad Leys (1898–1900) is now the headquarters of the Windermere Motor Boat Racing Club, and featured in the film The French Lieutenant's Woman. It is the only Voysey house in which the public are allowed to stay.

Voysey died in Winchester in 1941.

Legacy
Voysey was influenced by the work of William Morris, the Arts and Crafts Movement and Art Nouveau, and was concerned with form and function rather than ornamental complexities. He felt that "simplicity in decoration is one of the essential qualities without which no true richness is possible" and often worked in a limited colour palette, "emphasizing outline, eliminating shading, and minimizing detail." He joined as a member of the Art Workers' Guild in 1884, "the conscientious core of the Arts and Crafts Movement", being elected to the position of Master in 1924.

His furniture designs were simple and functional, and only sparingly decorated. He particularly advocated that wood should be left with its natural finish, contrary to the popular techniques which covered wood with paint and stain. He eschewed the complexities identified with late Victorian design.

Many modest houses built in Britain in the 1920s and 1930s were inspired by Voysey's simple vernacular country houses, although Voysey himself built no houses after 1918.

The Victoria and Albert Museum has an extensive collection of Voysey's work, including design drawings, fabrics, carpets, and wallpapers. Architects influenced by Voysey include Jan Kotera, a leading Czech architect.

2011 saw the formation of the C. F .A. Voysey Society, dedicated to his life and work.

References and sources

 * References

 * Sources
 * C.F.A. Voysey biography at GreatBuildings.com, citing Dennis Sharp, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architects and Architecture. New York: Quatro Publishing, 1991. ISBN 0-8230-2539-X. NA40.I45. p. 160.
 * C.F.A. Voysey biography at GreatBuildings.com, citing Dennis Sharp, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architects and Architecture. New York: Quatro Publishing, 1991. ISBN 0-8230-2539-X. NA40.I45. p. 160.
 * C.F.A. Voysey biography at GreatBuildings.com, citing Dennis Sharp, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architects and Architecture. New York: Quatro Publishing, 1991. ISBN 0-8230-2539-X. NA40.I45. p. 160.

title: C. F. A. Voysey


text:
Jamal ad-Din I

Jamal ad-Din (جمال اد الدين) (flourished mid-14th century) was a governor of Ifat. He was the son of Nahwi b. Mansur b. Umar Walashma (Umar ibn Dunya-huz) and a brother of Haqq ad-Din I.

Reign
The Emperor of Ethiopia Amda Seyon I made Jamal ad-Din Governor of Ifat after the defeat and imprisonment of his brother Sabr ad-Din I. Taddesse Tamrat notes that Jamal ad-Din had been released from prison upon his appointment, and speculates that the Emperor had held onto the noble as a hostage to guarantee the loyalty of Ifat.

However, according to the Glorious Victories of Amda Seyon, Jamal ad-Din proved unfaithful to Emperor Amda Seyon. First, he allegedly was part of the alliance with Adal led by Salih that attacked, and was defeated by, the Emperor in the Battle of Das; towards the end of that same year, Jamal ad-Din was ordered to deliver apostate Christians to the Emperor for punishment, but refused, although he did produce the "son of his brother". For this, Emperor Amda Seyon ravaged Ifat and replaced Jamal ad-Din with his brother Nasr ad-Din. The interpretation of this passage varies: Trimingham holds he joined the alliance of Mora and Adal in revolt against the empire, but they were defeated by the Emperor. On the other hand, Taddesse Tamrat states that Jamal's rebellion never got that far, and he was recalled to the Ethiopian court and returned to prison on the pretext that he failed to find and bring to the Emperor all of the Christians who had converted to Islam. Jamal ad-Din alleged that the "son of his brother" (whom Taddesse Tamrat speculates might be the son of Sa'ad ad-Din) had prevented him from doing so.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jamal ad-Din I


text:
User talk:Silvarado

Silvarado is the nickname of the common Matthew Silva. He Plays WoW and is a complete moron.

title: User talk:Silvarado


text:
Talk:Ryan Leaf

Untitled
l know he's a failure - but that may be pushing it a bit.

"He has been known to show up uninvited on the field at Washington State football games, often inebriated." Do we have any actual evidence of this? Unklelemmy 19:33, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

NFL Network
Apparently, the NFL Network wants to hire him as a draft analyst. Should we include that? -- D -Day My fan mail. Click to view my evil userboxes 13:59, 12 March 2006 (UTC)
 * If they actually do hire him, yes. If they just want to hire him, no.  --rogerd 15:06, 5 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Do you have a link on that, because I could use a laugh. Quadzilla99 15:32, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Errors I've Seen
There are a few errors I see. It says "hello" inside Manning's passing yards for his NFL rookie season (3,739), and it says Leaf was signed to four years for "$1.00" (one dollar) and a signing bonus of "$0.25" (twenty five cents). I know he was bad, but that seems a little low, considering the standard for 1st-rounders would be in the millions. As I have no wish to mess up this article, could someone who knows this site make the appropriate corrections? Thanks. --Visitor —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 71.224.160.159 (talk • contribs) 18:22, May 23, 2006 (UTC)

 * it was vandalism. now fixed --rogerd 23:55, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

Passed Good Article
I passed Ryan Leaf for Good Article Status because I feel that overall the article is a well written & referenced piece on a controversial subject. I would recommend the following minor improvemens though. ::And this comment would be best served with a cited source But other than that, Congrats to the editors for putting together Good Article. Agne 04:23, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) You have a photo of Leaf in the NFL, you may want to consider additional photos from his college/high school days and maybe a picture from the NFL draft. If you can by chance find a copyright-safe image under fair use, the Sporting News had a very interested draft issue cover with Leaf and Manning over who should the Colt's choose as #1.
 * 2) While overall I was impressed with the NPOV tone, there are slight cases where the POV slip in that I recommend be fixed.
 * That year, Leaf was a finalist in balloting for the prestigious Heisman Trophy, which is given annually to the best college football player.
 * There was actually significant debate over whether Leaf or Manning should be selected first.
 * In one embarrassing locker room incident during Leaf's rookie year, he was caught on camera screaming at a reporter ("Don't...talk to me alright! Knock it off! Leaf said).
 * the Cougars team was, in a sense, set up for Leaf to leave.

First round bust
Leaf qualifies as one of these. He compiled a passer rating of 50.0 and was out of the league within 5 years. 216.165.236.141 22:28, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

Agreed, but...
The term 'first-round bust' tends to be subjective rather than objective. There are better ways to state that in an encyclopedic entry, such as 'leaf's career was generally considered to be a failure.' —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jrshooter (talk • contribs) 19:29, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

 * You must be Ryan Leaf. I can't believe someone would argue about whether or not he is a first round bust. He is *THE* First Round Bust that all other first round busts are measured by. Not only is he a bust as an NFL football player, he's a bust as a human being. A complete, utter and abject failure. The *only* question that comes to mind about his status as a first round bust is whether or not Jamarcus Russell might be a slightly bigger first round bust and so content with Leaf as greatest first round bust in the history of sports. While Leaf is arguably the greater disappointment, Russel flamed completely out faster and cost more money. Anyway, preceding comment is what is wrong with Wikipedia. Always some dummy with an argument. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.114.123.211 (talk) 07:12, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Not only was he a major disappointment, he may be one of the worst quarterbacks to ever play the game, literally. He's not merely a 1st round bust; what quarterback in the league goes 14-36 for a TD/INT ratio? LMAO. --rock8591 04:08, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

Protect
This page has been mostly vandalism reverts. Should we protect it?  Jock  Boy  23:44, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

No-he deserves it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.177.37.156 (talk) 23:25, 18 January 2010 (UTC)

Silly Statement
I'm removing this statement:

He also helped the Cougars defeat the University of Washington Huskies, 41-35, for the first time since 1994.

Seeing how it occurred some time between 1996 and '98, something happening 'for the first time since 1994', is particularly unimpressive. The game may have been a locally significant rivalry, but as this statement is written, it's not significant enough to warrant inclusion in the encyclopedia. --K10wnsta (talk) 17:10, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

Resolution of Criminal Case
I would like to propose an addition to the "Legacy" section which would include information about the resolution of the criminal case against Mr. Leaf.

"Leaf pled guilty to felony prescription drug charges as part of a plea bargain that spared him a prison sentence. He received ten years' probation and was fined $20,000.  The prosecutor in the case said that a large reason Leaf did not receive jail time is because his alleged victim asked prosecutors not to pursue charges."

As a citation, I would submit the following URL: http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/mar/24/no-prison-time-for-leaf-in-plea-deal/

DWRoelands (talk) 14:34, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

Updates
I found this interview with him recently on YouTube, which has some interesting insight and perspective he gives, which can be added somewhere in here. I can look over it more later, really I just wanted to save the link somewhere.Zdawg1029 (talk) 20:10, 25 November 2013 (UTC)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6xT822DBmQ

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1998 Rose Bowl
There is a separate article here on wikipedia about that, and its talk page mentions spike incident involving Ryan Leaf. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Carlm0404 (talk • contribs) 14:22, 10 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ryan Leaf


text:
User talk:Kemkeris

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. The links you added to the page Free games have been removed. Please do not add commercial links—or links to your own private websites—to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links. Note that Wikipedia may see print or DVD publication, so we want more content, not more web links. See the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. — Saxifrage ✎ 19:34, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to use Wikipedia for advertising, you will be blocked from editing. -- Linkspamremover 17:36, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you insert a spam link, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. -- Linkspamremover 17:17, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

Vigrx
Hi there. I've added the "prod" template to the article Vigrx, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the article (see also What Wikipedia is not and Importance). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, or, if you disagree, discuss the issues raised at Talk:Vigrx. If you remove the dated prod template, the article will not be deleted, but note that it may still be sent to Articles for deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Before deciding to remove the template, however, it would be best if you read WP:NOT as it appears this article does not meet Wikipedia's inclusion criteria. Regards, Accurizer 16:03, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

AfD Nomination Vigrx
I've nominated the article Vigrx for deletion under the Articles for deletion process. We appreciate your contributions, but in this particular case I do not feel that Vigrx satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion. I have explained why in the nomination space (see What Wikipedia is not and Deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Vigrx. Don't forget to add four tildes (˜˜˜˜) at the end of each of your comments to sign them. You are free to edit the content of Vigrx during the discussion, but please do not remove the "Articles for Deletion" template (the box at the top). Doing so will not end the discussion. Accurizer 16:58, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Goodbye
I was going to warn you, but I see that you've been warned repeatedly about this.

Wikipedia is not for you to spam. You are blocked from editing indefinitely. DS 13:55, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kemkeris


text:
Heyday (horse)

Heyday was a Thoroughbred gelding that competed in the sport of eventing, ridden by American Bruce Davidson. He was one of the Top Ten All American High Point Horses of the Century in eventing. He stands.

Heyday was very successful at a young age, competing at the advanced level at the age 6. He went on to represent the United States at the Atlanta Olympics in 1996 earning the team silver medal, won the 1995 Pan American Games, came second at the Blenheim Horse Trials in 1997, and won team bronze at the World Championships in Rome. However, Heyday was notorious for his inconsistent show jumping rounds.

Heyday, bred and owned by Dr. Elinor Jenny, was ridden by her granddaughter Maisy Grassie, who had great success in the Young Riders with him, taking him to her first Advanced Horse Trials.

Competition Results
2003
 * 8th Fair Hill International HT Advanced (Maisy Grassie)

2002 2001
 * 7th North American Young Riders Championship CCI** (Maisy Grassie)
 * 4th Menfelt HT OI (Maisy Grassie)
 * 13th Plantation Field HT Advanced (Maisy Grassie)
 * 4th Morven Park HT OI (Maisy Grassie)
 * 34th Radnor Hunt Int'l Three-day Event CCI** (Maisy Grassie)
 * 4th Middleburg H.T. OI (Maisy Grassie)
 * 2nd Fair Hill H.T. at Plantation Field OI (Maisy Grassie)
 * 5th Seneca Valley PC H.T. OI (Maisy Grassie)
 * 17th Fair Hill International H.T. at Fair Hill OI (Maisy Grassie)
 * 19th Morven Park H.T. OI (Maisy Grassie)

2000
 * 4th Middleburg H.T. OI (Maisy Grassie)
 * 1st North American Young Riders Championship CCI* (Maisy Grassie)
 * 5th Bromont Three-day Event CCI *** (Maisy Grassie)

1998
 * Team Bronze, Individually 21st at the World Equestrian Games in Rome
 * 8th Rolex Kentucky Three Day
 * 15th Beaulieu North American Classic HT (Advanced)
 * 3rd Morven Park Spring HT (Advanced)
 * 13th Pine Top Spring H.T. (Advanced)
 * 8th Sharpton Winter H.T. AI

1997 1996
 * 2nd Blenheim Horse Trials CCI ***
 * 9th Gatcomb Park
 * 20th Punchestown Three-Day Event CCI ***
 * 28th Beaulieu North American Classic H.T. (Advanced)
 * 9th Morven Park Spring HT (Advanced)
 * Team Silver, 9th Individually at the Atlanta Olympic Games
 * 2nd North Georgia International Open Invitational H.T. (Advanced)
 * 19th Groton House Farm H.T. II (Advanced)
 * 13th Beaulieu North American Classic H.T. (Advanced)
 * 11th Morven Park Spring H.T.(Advanced
 * 14th Sharpton Winter H.T. OI

1995 1994
 * 16th Burghley Three Day Event CCI ****
 * 1st Pan American Games ***
 * 4th Fair Hill International Three-Day Event CCI ***
 * 2nd Morven Park H.T. (Advanced)
 * 2nd Bromont Three Day Event HT OI
 * 7th Kentucky Three-Day Event CCI ***
 * 5th Beaulieu North American Classic H.T. (Advanced)

title: Heyday (horse)


text: User talk:63.253.45.100

title: User talk:63.253.45.100


text:
Talk:Marvel Super Heroes

Requested move
because of harmonizing redirection of "Marvel Super Heroes" disambiguation page subtopics

 * Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one sentence explanation, then sign your vote with ~

 * Support—jiy (talk) 01:38, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Discussion

 * ''All subtopics of this disambiguation page which weren't already named "Marvel Super Heroes ..." were renamed by me today (incl. redirect-adjustments). Weapon X (de) 04:49, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I've completed the move. —Cleared as filed. 20:30, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marvel Super Heroes


text: User talk:216.216.59.20

title: User talk:216.216.59.20


text: Category talk:Waste management

title: Category talk:Waste management


text:
User talk:Drendar Morevo

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Drendar Morevo


text:
User:Dzik23

Hello

title: User:Dzik23


text:
User talk:139.143.5.160

Welcome
Welcome!

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Good catch on the EH page. N o f o rmation Talk  10:27, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

May 2014
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title: User talk:139.143.5.160


text:
Sabr ad-Din I

Sabr ad-Din I (fl. 1332) was a sultan of Ifat. He was the son of Nahwi bin Mansur bin Umar Walashma and younger brother of Haqq ad-Din I.

Reign
Sabr ad-Din rallied his fellow Muslims in a counter-offensive in early 1332 against the Christian Ethiopians, he attacked christian garrisons, burned churches, enslaved the people and forced the clergy to convert to Islam. However, the chronicles of the King Amda Seyon I say he eventually got defeated in battle, Amde seyon then invaded a number of Islamic kingdoms, including Dawaro and Bale. This brought an end to the independent kingdoms of Hadiya, Fatagar, Dawaro and Ifat.

Sabr ad-Din was captured with his ally, King Haydara of Dawaro, and the two were imprisoned together. The Emperor Amda Seyon appointed as his successor his brother, Jamal ad-Din I.

title: Sabr ad-Din I


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Hypervideo

instead of wasting time trying to get this article deleted they should help expand it. positive energy is always a better use of time, building is better than destroying. --Maestro44 17:13, 29 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
Sanford J. Grossman

Sanford "Sandy" Jay Grossman (born July 21, 1953) is an American economist and hedge fund manager specializing in quantitative finance. Grossman’s research has spanned the analysis of information in securities markets, corporate structure, property rights, and optimal dynamic risk management. He has published widely in leading economic and business journals, including American Economic Review, Journal of Econometrics, Econometrica, and Journal of Finance. His research in macroeconomics, finance, and risk management has earned numerous awards. Grossman is currently Chairman and CEO of QFS Asset Management, an affiliate of which he founded in 1988. QFS Asset Management shut down its sole remaining hedge fund in January 2014.

Academic career
Sanford Grossman earned his A.B. in 1973, his A.M. in 1974 and Ph.D. in 1975, all in economics from the University of Chicago. Since receiving his doctorate, he has held academic appointments at Stanford University, the University of Chicago, Princeton University (as the John L. Weinberg Professor of Economics, 1985–89), and at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Business. At Wharton, Grossman held the position of Steinberg Trustee Professor of Finance from 1989 to 1999 (a title now held in Emeritus) and also served as the Director of the Wharton Center for Quantitative Finance (1994–1999).

Professional career
Grossman served as an Economist with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (1977–78), and was a Public Director of the largest U.S. options and futures exchange, the Chicago Board of Trade (1992–96). In 1988, he was elected a Director, in 1992 served as Vice President, and in 1994 was President of the American Finance Association.

Grossman formed an affiliate of QFS Asset Management, L.P. in 1988. The firm is based in Greenwich, Connecticut, and is an alternative investment management firm that uses financial investment models based on Grossman's research in economics and quantitative finance. The firm specializes in global macro and foreign exchange investment strategies.

Awards
Grossman’s original contributions to economic research received official recognition when he was awarded the John Bates Clark Medal by the American Economic Association at its December 1987 annual meeting. That same year the Q-Group awarded him first prize in The Roger F. Murray Prize competition for the paper “An Analysis of the Implications for Stock and Future Price Volatility of Program Trading and Dynamic Hedging Strategies.” The Editorial Board of the Financial Analysts Journal awarded him the 1988 Graham and Dodd Scroll for “Program Trading and Market Volatility: A Report on Interday Relationships.” Grossman received a Mathematical Finance 1993 Best Paper Award for his article “Optimal Investment Strategies for Controlling Drawdowns.”  Grossman received the 1996 Leo Melamed Prize by the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business for outstanding scholarship by a professor. In 2002, Grossman was recognized by the University of Chicago with its Professional Achievement Citation. Most recently, he was awarded the 2009 CME Group-MSRI Prize in Innovative Quantitative Applications.

Publications
Books:

Books: Articles:

 * Sanford J. Grossman; Joseph E. Stiglitz. (1980). "On the Impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets." The American Economic Review 70 (3). https://www.jstor.org/stable/1805228

title: Sanford J. Grossman


text:
William Scholl

William Mathias Scholl (June 22, 1882 – March 29, 1968) was a pioneer of foot care and the founder of Dr. Scholl's, a brand of foot care products.

Early life and career
William Mathias Scholl was born in La Porte, Indiana as one of 13 children. He studied medicine at Loyola University Chicago. During his studies, while working in a shoe store in the evenings, he became interested in podiatry. In 1904 he invented and patented an arch support and founded the company Dr. Scholl's to sell it. He was joined by his brother Frank who directed the company's overseas business, establishing Scholl Manufacturing Company, Ltd. in London in 1910.

He graduated from the Chicago Medical School in 1922. He went on to develop more than 1,000 foot aids. These included a silver clip designed in 1946 to treat ingrown toenails. While too soft to have much of a corrective effect and difficult to apply, it inspired later steel clip designs.

Scholl practiced medicine in Chicago from 1905 until 1946 while also directing his company. He bought a building and added to it for manufacturing in Chicago at 213 W. Schiller Street (now renovated as Cobbler Square). By 1918 he employed over 300 leather cutters, press operators, machinists, packers and shippers. He continued to serve as the company's President and chief executive officer until March 1968, when he was elected Chairman of the Board. He worked in that capacity until his death.

Dr. Scholl was also famous for his advertising acumen, direct marketing to shoe stores, and establishment of "Foot Comfort Week."

Legacy
He left the bulk of his estate to the Dr. Scholl Foundation which he had established in 1947. The Foundation has awarded over $224 million since 1980.The Foundation funded the Dr. William M. Scholl Center for American History and Culture at the Newberry Library from 1971-2017. It was a primary funder of the Encyclopedia of Chicago. Pamela Scholl, President of the Dr. Scholl Foundation since 1994, was highlighted by the Trust for the National Mall.

Personal life
Scholl never married. He was characterized as quirky, carrying the skeleton of a foot in his pocket. He attributed his success to the motto, "early to bed, early to rise, work like hell and advertise." His brother Frank, who had helped set up the original company, had sons who were involved in the company and foot care. Most notable was his nephew, William Scholl, who designed a wooden sandal.

Selected publications

 * The Human Foot: Anatomy, Physiology, Mechanics, Deformities and Treatment (1915)
 * Practipedics: The Science of Giving Foot Comfort and Correcting the Cause of Foot and Shoe Troubles (1917)
 * Treatment and Care of the Feet (1930)
 * Podology: Based on the Experience, Inventions, Foot Comfort System and Methods of Dr. William M. Scholl (1932)

title: William Scholl


text:
Haqq ad-Din I

Haqq ad-Din I (هاك اد الدين) (flourished 1328) was a sultan of the Ifat Sultanate and the son of Nahwi b. Mansur b. Umar Walashma. According to I.M. Lewis, Emir Haqq "turned the sporadic and disjointed forays of his predecessors into a full-scale war of aggression, and apparently for the first time, couched his call to arms in the form of a religious war against the Abyssinian 'infidel'". According to the American University and Irving Kaplan, Haqq ad-Din was an ethnic Somali ruler.

Reign
Haqq ad-Din I was encouraged by Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad of Egypt to attack Ethiopia. Emir Haqq captured an envoy of the Emperor of Ethiopia, Amda Seyon, returning from Cairo, whom he attempted to forcibly convert to Islam, and when this failed killed the man.

The news of this outrage so angered the Emperor that he immediately rode off to Ifat with only seven other horsemen. The chronicler claims that once he arrived there, the Emperor slaughtered large numbers of Haqq ad-Din's men, and when a part of Amda Seyon's army caught up with them, they sacked the capital of Ifat and hauled away a considerable amount of gold, silver, bronze and lead, as well as considerable garments.

He was later killed in battle by Emperor Amda Seyon in 1328.

title: Haqq ad-Din I


text:
Talk:Hemiparesis

.
is hemiparesis progressive in the body

I think it's unwise to refer to a paragraph number on another page because paragraphing can be inserted or deleted and paragraph order changed. 69.158.131.193 02:29, 3 November 2005 (UTC)Peter Johnson

Definition correct?
Is hemiparesis actual paralysis? I thought it pertained to one sided weakness of the body with hemiplegia being paralysis.

Definition
Hemiparesis is defined as a unilateral weakness affecting the lower face, arm and leg, as a result of an upper motor neuron lesion (pyramidal tract lesion). Kalpa JayanathaKalpa

Diagnosis
If it is not a full paralysis, how is it diagnosed? Is it visible on MRI images of the spinal cord? Can a computer analysis of limb movement detect it? How can a doctor in an office setting be convinced to believe a claim of hemiparesis that does not prevent the person from walking across the room? Helenetoile (talk) 05:10, 14 August 2008 (UTC)Helene

Clinical Signs
The term 'paralysis' is the umbrella term for the loss of movement of a limb (or face for that matter), or more specifically loss of voluntary movement, without extra-pyramidal movements. In simplistic terms, the aetiologies of 'paralysis' can be subdivided into upper motor neuron (UMN), lower motor neuron, motor endplate, & muscular. Clinically, it is possible to differentiate these:

1. Upper motor neuron signs (spastic paralysis): hyperreflexia, hypertonia, impaired rapid-alternating movements, up-turning plantars (Babinski's Sign), minimal/no muscular atrophy, +/- fasiculations

2. Lower motor neuron signs (flaccid paralysis): hypotonia tone, decreased/absent reflexes, RAM unaffected, down-turning plantars (Babinski negative), muscular atrophy, no fasiculations.

3. Motor endplate (neuromuscular) signs: Myasthenia gravis, lamber-eaton syndrome, & botulinium toxin poisoing are prototypical examples. MG & LES are characterised by gradual/insidious onset, proximal muscle weakness (thigh & hip particular), ptosis, normal reflexes, facilitation on power testing/EMG. In comparison, Botulinium toxin poisoning causes complete muscular paralysis (absent reflexes, decreased tone... etc)

4. Muscular causes of paralysis include myotonic dystrophy etc.

In addition there may also be metabolic/systemic causes which can effect all levels of the CNS-neural-muscle axis. Higher-cortical causes of 'paralysis' can include coma.

'Paresis' can be thought of as 'weakness', the extent of which varies depending on aetiology, effected region, & individual variation...etc Hemiparesis is weakness on one side of the body (extent varies). With cortical lesions (affecting primary motor cortex) There is sparing of the upper half of the face. Brainstem lesions can result in ipsilateral cranil nerve palsy & contralateral motor deficit (face, arms, legs).

There may be a distinctive pattern of weakness: flexors of the arm are stonger than the extensors (resting flexion of elbow, wrist, fingers) & extensors of the leg are stronger than the flexors (resting extension at hip, knee, ankle).

Some CNS & spinal cord causes of 'paralysis' & 'paresis' can be visualised via means of CT, MRI, angiography (CT/MRI). For example: 'paresis' & 'paraplegia' can arise secondary to, ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subdural haematoma, brain abcess, benign tumour (meningioma), malignant tumours (or secondaries, Aterio-venous malformations)... etc. Whether the patient suffers a 'paresis' or 'paralysis' is multifactorial (site, extent, cause, individual variation...)

Propose merge of Ipsilateral hemiparesis into this article
Any discussion of ipsilateral hemiparesis can easily be included in hemiparesis. There is nothing of note about it being ipsilateral or contralateral, except in anatomical localization. Gccwang (talk) 20:17, 28 August 2014 (UTC)

"Other effects of hemiparesis"
This section describes symptoms (ataxia, aphasia, left-right confusion, anterograde amnesia, and attentional deficit) that can be *associated* with hemiparesis, but makes it sound like they are the result of hemiparesis. These symptoms each have a specific brain region they are associated with; and hemiparesis has a completely separate specific brain region. It's very imprecise to talk about hemiparesis this way. --Gccwang (talk) 16:10, 7 September 2014 (UTC)

Merge Hemiparesis and Hemiplegia
This article basically covers the same ground as hemiparesis. I don't see a need for separate discussions on the causes, treatment, pathophysiology of each condition since they are the same. Hemiplegia is just the most severe form of hemiparesis. In comparison, Quadriparesis redirects to Quadriplegia (technically they both redirect to Tetraplegia). The convention seems to be keeping the "plegia" page (monoplegia, triplegia) so that's how I want to merge them. --Gccwang (talk) 16:30, 7 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Per Hemiplegia one is a more severe version of the other. Should be merged to hemiparesis as that is the broader term. Happy to see a merge. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 08:29, 12 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Support merge of Hemiplegia into Hemiparesis Jytdog (talk) 03:32, 15 September 2014 (UTC)

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Afterthen, What ??
After suffering from disease, anyone would try to become like Normal People viz., Talking, Walking, Sitting, Standing, Whistling, Running & etc., — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sadashivahyd (talk • contribs) 04:19, 20 August 2018 (UTC)

Bell's palsy
Would Bell's palsy be a form of this? JayBirdtyper (talk) 06:52, 29 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hemiparesis


text: Talk:Caliber System

title: Talk:Caliber System


text:
User talk:Snacking Keyboard

Hi. Please consider this your final warning: stop vandalising Wikipedia article or you will be blocked. Thank you. Exploding Boy 17:15, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Snacking Keyboard


text: User talk:69.212.36.174

title: User talk:69.212.36.174


text: File:Daredevil cover - number 7.jpg

title: File:Daredevil cover - number 7.jpg


text:
Talk:Shane Mosley

Random Children
There are random children listed as his but when the Wiki page is open there is no reference to fix. This is an issue. Can someone help? (NR) — Preceding unsigned comment added by NicolasaRodrigues (talk • contribs) 06:55, 14 October 2014 (UTC)

Pound for Pound
I have problems with this lne: "After his win over De La Hoya, Mosley garnered a great deal of respect from the boxing world. When Trinidad lost to Bernard Hopkins, Mosley inherited the title as best pound for pound fighter in the world". Although Mosley at that time was definately considered to be in the top 10 pound for pound very few people would have placed him at #1. At that point Roy Jones Jr. was generally considered the best in the world and had been for awhile. The other main contender to the "pound for pund" title would have been the previosuly mentioned Bernard Hopkins. Although Mosley was considered one of the best,he was never considered the best.Unklelemmy 17:16, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Actually Mosley was considered #1 P4P after he dethroned Hoya.--PointBlankHeat 05:58, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

I do remember seeing Shane's name atop a few P4P lists prior to his first fight with Vernon Forrest, maxboxing.com is one I can think of. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mikerotch5 (talk • contribs) 01:34, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Wife
Maybe someone should mention his PITA Korean/Irish wife who handles his business for him.. heh BoxingNut 19:31, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

that would be ginny she is cool 420 friendly too!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.114.29.91 (talk) 18:45, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

SWITCH
I Switched "Preparing De La Hoya for the Mayweather superfight" & "Fight with Miguel Cotto" around for chronological order. Also added Jack Mosely note. And in regards to the "Pound for Pound" issue, it seems to me that USA Today, when Dan Raphael was with them and doing a "Superfighter Top Six" (pound for pound) Mosely got Number One for awhile. I'll see if I can find more on that. The Cotto fight rocked! Who thought Suger Shane won? (I did.) Master Redyva (talk) 16:13, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

WBA welterweight super champion?
Would somebody explain this super champion thingy, to me? TSN is just calling him WBA champion. GoodDay (talk) 16:49, 25 January 2009 (UTC)

 * "Super champion" is an distinction generally awarded "under extraordinary circumstances", such as Margarito's plaster-powered win over then #1 welterweight Miguel Cotto. Once awarded it extends the mandatory period, while the "regular" WBA championship is vacated. More information can be found here, on page 9. -  Ca ri bb e a  n ~ H. Q.  17:45, 25 January 2009 (UTC)
 * In case you are wondering, the current regular champion is Yuriy Nuzhnenko. -  Ca ri bb e a  n ~ H. Q.  18:00, 25 January 2009 (UTC)
 * This is confusing, the WBA has 2 concurrent champions. Perhaps it's technically, Mosley is champ & Nuzhneko is interim champ? GoodDay (talk) 18:04, 25 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Nope, Yuriy Nuzhnenko held the interim championship when Margarito was rewarded for his unexpected (and most likely plastered) victory, then he was promoted to "full" champion. In the WBA, its actually possible to have three concurrent champions. Please see the super flyweight division in the List of current world boxing champions, there you have Vic Darchinyan as the "Undisputed champion" (different name, same principle) Nobuo Nashiro as the "regular" champion and Jorge Arce as the interim champion. -  Ca ri bb e a  n ~ H. Q.  01:53, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

Is he really dead? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.2.233.153 (talk) 17:13, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

Mayweather did not get the WBA title
It was not on the line...http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/boxing/columns/story?columnist=rafael_dan&id=5155050 —Preceding unsigned comment added by EpicPofBOE (talk • contribs) 07:28, 20 May 2010 (UTC)

Shaq Vs.
The bout against Shaq was an exhibtion and does not count to Shane's professional record. (Boxrec.com) This needs to be edited immediatly  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.16.21.24 (talk) 19:49, 15 August 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Shane Mosley


text: User talk:194.83.177.68

title: User talk:194.83.177.68


text:
Talk:Japanese aircraft carrier Zuikaku

How long was Zuikaku out of action for retraining?

A confusing passage
Towards the end of this article appears this statement:
 * Zuikaku rolled over and sank at 14:14, taking Captain Kaizuka Takeo and 842 men with her. 862 men were rescued by Wakatsuki and Kuwa.

At first glance, I thought someone had editted this to mean that the carrier, her captain & 842 men went into the water, but 862 came out! Unless this ship was very undermanned, should one assume what is meant was that of the compliment of 1,660 (per the infobox near the top), 842 drowned & 862 were rescued? -- llywrch 21:22, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * When a ship is said to "take [men] with her," that's an idiom that means the men were lost in the ship's sinking. --Tkynerd 14:47, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

Picture
Looking at the picture showing the ship listing, I noticed the description says she lists to port (left), when she is clearly listing the starboard (right). I would change this, but can't at the moment since it is a featured article. Rifleman000 00:44, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Unless the picture is taken facing aft. PvtDeth 11:55, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

 * It appears to be towards the stern; reference the antenna-like stuff visibe in it to the image at the top of the article.  mdf 11:57, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The referenced picture definitely faces aft. Zuikaku had a starboard-side island and the picture is taken from a raised position, above the heads of the sailors on the flight deck.  JB (talk) 03:10, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

What you say?

 * With Zuikaku listing heavily to port, Ozawa shifted his flag to the light cruiser Ōyodo. The order to abandon ship was issued at 1358 and the naval ensign was lowered. Zuikaku rolled over and sank stern-first at 1414, taking Rear Admiral (promoted from captain ten days earlier) Kaizuka Takeo and 842 of her crew with her. 862 officers and men were rescued by the destroyers Wakatsuki and Kuwa.

Forgive me if this sounds dumb, but this seems to imply that 843 people went down, and 862 people were rescued. So something probably isn't right here. ~  PH  DrillSergeant ... §  15:09, 22 May 2012 (UTC)

There were 1704 people on the ship, plus the admiral. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.24.131.236 (talk) 15:58, 22 May 2012 (UTC)

 * I see. I also missed the post up above where the someone else made this same mistake. While I understand "taking men with her" is an idiom, unfortunately I think this lends to an unclear passage, and I am going to attempt a slight rewrite of the passage so no one else makes a similar mistake. ~  PH  DrillSergeant ... §  17:43, 27 May 2012 (UTC)

Struck
Sorry, I don't understand, the infobox show: «struck in 26 August 1945» but it was «Sunk by air attack» «on 25 October 1944».--Kette~cawiki (talk) 19:39, 23 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Stricken from the navy list or naval register is what it means.--Sturmvogel 66 (talk) 21:24, 23 May 2020 (UTC)

Factually wrong information in the article
"In the first wave, 25 dive bombers attacked Wheeler Army Airfield and five fighters attacked the airbase at Kaneohe. In the second wave, 27 torpedo bombers, armed with bombs, attacked the airbase at Hickam Field and 17 dive bombers targeted the battleships USS California and Maryland on Battleship Row at Pearl Harbor." Zuikaku's contribution to the second wave was the 27 torpedo bombers only, as all her dive bombers were in the first wave already. The dive bombers in the second wave came from the 1st and 2nd Carrier Divisions.

"and sinking the Royal Navy aircraft carrier HMS Hermes and the heavy cruisers HMS Cornwall and Dorsetshire, also with the help of Shōkaku." While those two ships were sunk, neither Zuikaku nor Shōkaku had anything to do with it. They were supposed to launch torpedo bombers, but ultimately didn't.

"In return, torpedo and dive bombers from both ships hit Lexington" All hits on Lexington came from planes launched from Shōkaku. Out of Zuikaku's planes, only 4 torpedo bombers attacked Lexington, of which one was shot down and the other three missed. The other 4 torpedo bombers and all of the 14 dive bombers from Zuikaku attacked Yorktown instead, scoring one bomb hit. As a side note, Zuikaku did however contribute one day earlier to the crippling and eventual sinking of the oiler Neosho.

"On 24 August 1942, in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons, her aircraft severely damaged the carrier USS Enterprise." Zuikaku sent 9 dive bombers and 6 fighters in the first wave, initially supposed to attack Saratoga, but instead attacked South Dakota and Enterprise, with no hits. All bomb hits on Enterprise came from Shōkaku, and a second wave of planes that included 18 dive bombers from Zuikaku had to be called off after failing to find the ship.

"On 26 October 1942, in the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, her aircraft again damaged the repaired Enterprise" Zuikaku's first wave of planes was sent after Hornet. Her next wave (4 fighters and 17 torpedo bombers) went on to attack Enterprise,  but none hit the carrier. One did however crash into USS Smith, damaging it. Zuikaku's third wave also went after Hornet. It was Shōkaku who scored two hits and a near miss on Enterprise, and Jun'yō had a near miss as well.

"However, some of her aircraft made kamikaze attacks and helped sink the light carrier USS Princeton" I don't know whether planes launched from Zuikaku were involved in kamikaze attacks or not, but as far as Princeton is concerned, the bomb that hit the ship was released at 9:38 on 24 October 1944, while Zuikaku launched her planes later that day.

Please remove the wrong information from the article. OTWAIN (talk) 17:18, 7 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Don't ask others to fix a problem that you have identified; do it yourself, you have some of the necessary sources.--Sturmvogel 66 (talk) 20:28, 7 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Japanese aircraft carrier Zuikaku


text:
Charles Voysey (theist)

Charles Voysey (18 March 1828 – 20 July 1912) was a former priest of the Church of England who was condemned by the Privy Council for heterodoxy and went on to found a theist church. He was the father of architect Charles Francis Annesley Voysey.

Early life and career
Born in London on 18 March 1828, Voysey was the youngest son of architect Annesley Voysey, a relative of Samuel Annesley and of Susanna Wesley ( Annesley), mother of John and Charles Wesley.

He entered St Edmund Hall, Oxford in 1847 and received his B.A. from the University of Oxford in 1851. The following year he married Frances Maria Edlin and was ordained a priest in the Church of England in 1853, becoming the curate of Hessle. Voysey served in that position for seven years, also serving as vice-principal of Kingston College. His eldest son Charles F. A. Voysey was born in Hessle in 1857. Voysey was appointed curate of St Andrew's, Craigton, Jamaica in 1858, where he lived for 18 months.

In 1862, after his return to England, he served as curate of Great Yarmouth for six months before being appointed to the curacy of St Mark's, Whitechapel.

Condemnation for heterodoxy

In 1863 Voysey was removed from the curacy of St Mark's, Whitechapel after preaching a sermon denying the doctrine of eternal punishment. He was recommended for the curacy of St Mark's, Victoria Docks. After a brief period as curate of North Woolwich he became curate and eventually Vicar of Healaugh near Tadcaster, in 1864, but soon ran into difficulties there.

From Healaugh he commenced writing his most famous work The Sling and the Stone. Originally published in monthly parts, it was eventually collected into ten volumes, the first of which was published in 1865. His youngest son Rev. Ellison Annesley Voysey (born 1867 in Healaugh), was Oxford educated, and became a Theist Church promoter in England and Ireland. Ellison Voysey's daughter, Ella Annesley Voysey, married the actor Robert Donat in 1929.

His work The Sling and the Stone had been immediately condemned by the conservative wing of the Anglican Church in 1865. As additional volumes were added, William Thomson, Archbishop of York, began proceedings against him in 1869. He was summoned before the Chancery Court of York for heterodox teaching, where he defended his case for two years. He appealed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council which gave its judgement on 11 February 1871:

"The Appellant is charged with having offended against the Laws Ecclesiastical by writing and publishing within the diocese of London certain sermons or essays, collected together in parts and volumes, the whole being designated by the title of "The Sling and the Stone," in which he is alleged to have maintained and promulgated doctrines contrary and repugnant to or inconsistent with the Articles of Religion and Formularies of the Church of England."

His appeal dismissed, Voysey lost his benefice.

The Theistic Church and later life

Before the judgement, Voysey had begun holding services in London at St George's Hall, Langham Place, attracting a number of sympathisers. These gatherings eventually formalised as an independent religious denomination under the name of the Theistic Church. For use at services Voysey published The Revised Prayer Book in 1871 which retained much of the content of the Book of Common Prayer, rewording and removing specific references to Christ, the Trinity, and other distinctively Christian doctrines.

He wrote in 1873 to The Index on the subject of "Funeral Rites" and "The Custom of Mourning". His principal objection to the latter practice was that "Mourning tends to perpetuate unhappy and false views of death... Death ought to be looked upon as at least as much of a heavenly boon to the beloved one, as a source of bitter pain to ourselves.".

His teaching was based upon a pure theism, without a miraculous element. While retaining belief in God, in prayer, and hope for life beyond death, Voysey denied the perfection of Jesus and the authority of the Bible. He would spend much of his remaining career publishing books, sermons, articles, and pamphlets criticising traditional Christian doctrines, and defending his version of theism against critics.

The congregation took over the Swallow Street Church in 1885 just off Regent Street in central London, where he continued to hold services for nearly thirty years. The building was altered and refitted by his son C. F. A. Voysey whose work included the removal of the upper gallery, the insertion of "Cathedral glass" in all windows, "painting, papering and colouring throughout", and a new entrance at the north end of the façade. The congregation obtained a new lease of the property in 1898, and the building was again repaired by C. F. A. Voysey. The spire was removed in or shortly after 1901.

He befriended Guy Aldred, the "Boy Preacher" in Holloway, in 1903, a friendship that would last through conversation and correspondence until Voysey's death. Aldred would credit Voysey with being influential in his intellectual journey and for being an important figure in Britain's freethought movement.

Voysey died at his home, Annesley Lodge, at Platts Lane in Hampstead (which had been designed for him by his son in 1895), on 20 July 1912. His congregation soon dispersed and the Swallow Street building was closed in 1913 and demolished shortly thereafter.

Selected publications

 * The Doctrine of Jesus Concerning God (1872)
 * Theism: Or, The Religion of Common Sense (1894)
 * Theism as a Science of Natural Theology and Natural Religion (1895)
 * Religion For All Mankind, Based on Facts Which Are Never in Dispute (1903)

title: Charles Voysey (theist)


text:
Circle bundle

In mathematics, a circle bundle is a fiber bundle where the fiber is the circle $$S^1$$.

Oriented circle bundles are also known as principal U(1)-bundles, or equivalently, as principal SO(2)-bundles. In physics, circle bundles are the natural geometric setting for electromagnetism. A circle bundle is a special case of a sphere bundle.

As 3-manifolds
Circle bundles over surfaces are an important example of 3-manifolds. A more general class of 3-manifolds is Seifert fiber spaces, which may be viewed as a kind of "singular" circle bundle, or as a circle bundle over a two-dimensional orbifold.

Relationship to electrodynamics
The Maxwell equations correspond to an electromagnetic field represented by a 2-form F, with $$\pi^{\!*}F$$ being cohomologous to zero, i.e. exact. In particular, there always exists a 1-form A, the electromagnetic four-potential, (equivalently, the affine connection) such that

 * $$ \pi^{*}F = dA.$$

Given a circle bundle P over M and its projection

 * $$\pi:P\to M$$

one has the homomorphism

 * $$\pi^*:H^2(M,\mathbb{Z}) \to H^2(P,\mathbb{Z})$$

where $$\pi^{*}$$ is the pullback. Each homomorphism corresponds to a Dirac monopole; the integer cohomology groups correspond to the quantization of the electric charge. The Aharonov–Bohm effect can be understood as the holonomy of the connection on the associated line bundle describing the electron wave-function. In essence, the Aharonov–Bohm effect is not a quantum-mechanical effect (contrary to popular belief), as no quantization is involved or required in the construction of the fiber bundles or connections.

Examples

 * The Hopf fibration is an example of a non-trivial circle bundle.
 * The unit tangent bundle of a surface is another example of a circle bundle.
 * The unit tangent bundle of a non-orientable surface is a circle bundle that is not a principal $$U(1)$$ bundle. Only orientable surfaces have principal unit tangent bundles.
 * Another method for constructing circle bundles is using a complex line bundle $$L \to X$$ and taking the associated sphere (circle in this case) bundle. Since this bundle has an orientation induced from $$L$$ we have that it is a principal $$U(1)$$-bundle. Moreover, the characteristic classes from Chern-Weil theory of the $$U(1)$$-bundle agree with the characteristic classes of $$L$$.
 * For example, consider the analytification $$X$$ a complex plane curve $$ \text{Proj}\left( \frac{\Complex[x,y,z]}{x^n + y^n + z^n} \right)$$. Since $$H^2(X) = \mathbb{Z} = H^2(\mathbb{CP}^2)$$ and the characteristic classes pull back non-trivially, we have that the line bundle associated to the sheaf $$\mathcal{O}_X(a) = \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^2}(a)\otimes \mathcal{O}_X$$ has Chern class $$c_1 = a \in H^2(X)$$.

Classification
The isomorphism classes of principal $$U(1)$$-bundles over a manifold M are in one-to-one correspondence with the homotopy classes of maps $$M \to BU(1)$$, where $$BU(1)$$ is called the classifying space for U(1). Note that $$BU(1)= \mathbb{C}P^\infty$$ is the infinite-dimensional complex projective space, and that it is an example of the Eilenberg–Maclane space $$K(\mathbb{Z},2).$$ Such bundles are classified by an element of the second integral cohomology group $$H^2(M,\mathbb{Z})$$ of M, since
 * $$[M,BU(1)] \equiv [M,\mathbb CP^\infty] \equiv H^2(M)$$.

This isomorphism is realized by the Euler class; equivalently, it is the first Chern class of a smooth complex line bundle (essentially because a circle is homotopically equivalent to $$\mathbb{C}^*$$, the complex plane with the origin removed; and so a complex line bundle with the zero section removed is homotopically equivalent to a circle bundle.)

A circle bundle is a principal $$U(1)$$ bundle if and only if the associated map $$M \to B\mathbb Z_2$$ is null-homotopic, which is true if and only if the bundle is fibrewise orientable. Thus, for the more general case, where the circle bundle over M might not be orientable, the isomorphism classes are in one-to-one correspondence with the homotopy classes of maps $$M \to BO_2$$. This follows from the extension of groups, $$SO_2 \to O_2 \to \mathbb Z_2$$, where $$SO_2 \equiv U(1)$$.

Deligne complexes
The above classification only applies to circle bundles in general; the corresponding classification for smooth circle bundles, or, say, the circle bundles with an affine connection requires a more complex cohomology theory. Results include that the smooth circle bundles are classified by the second Deligne cohomology $$H_D^2(M, \mathbb{Z})$$; circle bundles with an affine connection are classified by $$H_D^2(M, \mathbb{Z}(2))$$ while $$H_D^3(M, \mathbb{Z})$$ classifies line bundle gerbes.

title: Circle bundle


text:
Category:Podiatrists

Podiatrists (US English) are podiatry professionals, devoted to the study and treatment of disorders of the foot and ankle.

title: Category:Podiatrists


text:
Dilip Chitre

Dilip Purushottam Chitre (17 September 1938 – 10 December 2009) was one of the foremost Indian poets and critics to emerge in the post Independence India. Apart from being a notable bilingual writer, writing in Marathi and English, he was also a teacher, a painter, a filmmaker and a magazine columnist.

Biography
Chitre was born in Baroda on 17 September 1938 into a Marathi speaking CKP community. His father Purushottam Chitre used to publish a periodical named Abhiruchi. His grandfather, Kashinath Gupte was an expert on Tukaram and this served as Chitre's introduction to the poet. Chitre's family moved to Mumbai in 1951 and he published his first collection of poems in 1960. He was one of the earliest and the most important influences behind the famous "little magazine movement" of the sixties in Marathi. He started Shabda with Arun Kolatkar and Ramesh Samarth. In 1975, he was awarded a visiting fellowship by the International Writing Programme of the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa in the United States. He has also worked as a director of the Indian Poetry Library, archive, and translation centre at Bharat Bhavan, a multi arts foundation. He also convened a world poetry festival in New Delhi followed by an international symposium of poets in Bhopal. He was educated both in Baroda and Mumbai.

After a long bout with cancer, Dilip Chitre died at his residence in Pune on 10 December 2009.

Poetry
Chitre was a bilingual writer, but wrote mostly in Marathi. His Ekun Kavita or Collected Poems were published in the 1990s in three volumes. As Is, Where Is selected English poems (1964–2007) and "Shesha" English translation of selected Marathi poems, both published by Poetrywala, were published in 2007. He also edited An Anthology of Marathi Poetry (1945–1965). He was an accomplished translator of prose and poetry. His most famous translation was of the celebrated 17th century Marathi bhakti poet Tukaram (published as Says Tuka). He translated Anubhavamrut by twelfth century bhakti poet Dnyaneshwar. He also wrote poetry in English. Travelling in a Cage (1980) was his first and only book of English poems.

Exile, alienation, self-disintegration and death are major themes in Chitre's poetry, which belongs essentially to the Modernist Movement. It reflects cosmopolitan culture, urban sensibilities, uses oblique expressions and ironic tones.

Films
He started his professional film career in 1969 and made one feature film, about a dozen documentary films, several short films and about 20 video documentary features. He wrote the scripts of most of his films as well as directed or co-directed them. He also scored the music for some of them.

Awards and honors
Among Chitre's honours and awards are several Maharashtra State Awards, the Prix Special du Jury for his film Godam at the Festival des Trois Continents in 1984, the Ministry of Human Resource Development's Emeritua Fellowship, the University of Iowa's International Writing Program Fellowship, the Indira Gandhi Fellowship, and the Villa Waldberta Fellowship for residence given by the City of Munich, Bavaria, Germany. He was a D.A.A.D. (German Academic Exchange) Fellow and Writer-in-Residence at the Universities of Heidelberg and Bamberg in Germany in 1991–92. He was Director of Vagarth, Bharat Bhavan Bhopal and convenor-director of the Valmiki World Poetry Festival (New Delhi,1985) and International Symposium of Poets (Bhopal, 1985), a Keynote Speaker at the World Poetry Congress in Maebashi, Japan (1996) and at the Ninth International Conference on Maharashtra at Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA in 2001 and Member of the International Jury at the Literature festival Berlin, 2001.

He was member of a three-writer delegation (along with Nirmal Verma and U. R. Ananthamurthy) to the Soviet Union (Russia, Ukraine, and Georgia), Hungary, the Federal Republic of Germany and France in the spring and summer of 1980 and to the Frankfurter Buchmesse in Frankfurt, Germany in 1986. He was Honorary President of the Sontheimer Cultural Association, of which he was also a Founder-Trustee.

In Marathi

 * Kavita, Mouj Prakashan, Mumbai, 1960
 * Orpheus, Mouj Prakashan, Mumbai,1968; 2nd Ed: Shabdalay Prakashan, Srirampur,2010
 * Sheeba Raneechya Shodhaat, Majestic Prakashan, Mumbai,1969
 * Kavitenantarchyaa Kavita, Vacha Prakashan, Aurangabad,1978
 * Chaavyaa; Pras Prakashan, Mumbai, 1983
 * Dahaa By Dahaa, Pras Prakashan, Mumbai, 1983
 * Mithu Mithu Porat ani Sutak, Saket Prakashan, Aurangabad,1989
 * Tirkas Ani Chaukas, Lok Vangmay Griha, Mumbai;1980;2nd Ed: Shabdalay Prakashan, Srirampur,2010
 * Punha Tukaram, S.K.Belvalkar, Pune, 1990; 2nd edition: Popular Prakashan, Mumbai, 1995; 3rd edition:Popular Prakashan, Mumbai, 2001
 * Shatakaanchaa Sandhikaal, Lok Vangmay Griha, Mumbai
 * Bhau Padhye Yanchyaa Shreshtha Kathaa ( Editor), Lok Vangmay Griha, Mumbai, 1995
 * Ekoon Kavita-1, Popular Prakashan, Mumbai, 1992; 2nd edition:1995
 * Ekoon Kavita-2, Popular Prakashan; Mumbai;1995
 * Ekoon Kavita-3, Popular Prakashan; Mumbai
 * Chaturang, Popular Prakashan, Mumbai;1995
 * Tukobache Vaikunthagaman, Shabdalay Prakashan, Srirampur,2010
 * Agatikanche Jaagatikikaran, Shabdalay Prakashan, Srirampur,2010
 *  Kavi Kai Kaam Karto(in Gujarati and English translation), Poetrywala, Mumbai,2010

In English

 * An Anthology of Marathi Poetry (1945–1965) (Editor), Nirmala-Sadanand, Mumbai, 1968
 * Ambulance Ride, Self, Mumbai, 1972
 * Travelling in a Cage; Clearing House; Mumbai; 1980
 * The Reasoning Vision: Jehangir Sabavala’s Painterly Universe, Introduction and Notes on the paintings by Dilip Chitre
 * Tata-McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1980
 * Says Tuka: Translation of Tukaram, Penguin, 1991
 * Tender Ironies: A Tribute To Lothar Lutze (Editor), Manohar, New Delhi, 1994
 * Shri Jnandev’s Anubhavamrut: The Immortal Experience of Being, Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, 1996
 * The Mountain, Vijaya Chitre, Pune, 1998
 * No-Moon Monday On The River Karha, Vijaya Chitre, Pune, 2000
 *  Virus Alert: Poems of Hemant Divate,( as translator) Mumbai: Poetrywala, 2003
 *  Namdeo Dhasal: Poet of the Underground: Poems 1972–2006 (as Translator), Navayana Publishing, Chennai, 2007
 * '' As Is, Where Is: Selected Poems, Poetrywala, Mumbai,2008
 *  Shesha: Selected Marathi poems in English Translation, Poetrywala, Mumbai, 2008
 * Felling of the Banyan Tree
 * Father Returning Home

In Hindi

 * Pisati ka Burz: Dileep Chitre ki Chuni Huvi Kavitaayen, translated by Chandrakant Deotale, Rajkamal, New Delhi, 1987

In Gujarati

 * Milton-na Mahaakaavyo, translated by Yashwant Dashi and the author, Parichay Pustakavali, Mumbai, 1970
 * Kavya Vishva Shreni: Marathi: Dileep Chitre, translated by Jaya Mehta, Gujarat Sahitya Academy, Gandhinagar

In German

 * Das Fallen des Banyanbaums, translated by Lothar Lutze, Botschaft der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, New Delhi, 1980
 * Bombay/Mumbai: Bilder einer Mega-Stadt (with Henning Stegmuller and Namdeo Dhasal) translated by Lothar Lutze, A-1 Verlag, Munchen
 * Worte des Tukaram, Translated by Lothar Lutze, A=1 Verlag, Munchen
 * Lotos Blatter 1: Dilip Chitre: Aus dem Englischen und dem Marathi, translated by Lothar Lutze, Proben Indische Poesie: Lotos Verlag Roland Beer; Berlin, 2001

Paintings and exhibitions

 * 1969, First One Man Show of Oil Paintings; Bombay; India;
 * 1975, Triple Triptych; in collaboration with Peter Clarke and Ahmed Muhammad Imamovic; Iowa City, Iowa; USA;
 * Participation in group shows in India and the Netherlands;
 * Dilip Chitre 63: Mini-Retrospective of Paintings in Pune (1986–2001); Studio S, Pune;2001;
 * In the collection of Air-India International, Bombay, India;

Filmography and videography

 * Vijeta, produced by Filmvalas, Mumbai, directed by Govind Nihalani; story and screenplay
 * Godam, produced by the National Film Development Corporation, Mumbai; screenplay, direction, and music
 * Ardha Satya, directed by Govind Nihalani; theme poem
 * A Tryst With Destiny, produced by S.S. Oberoi; script and direction
 * Education '72, produced by S.S. Oberoi; script and direction
 * A Question of Identity, produced by Y.R.Khandekar; script, direction, and narration
 * Dattu, produced by Dnyada Naik; script and direction
 * Made in India, producer, scriptwriter, and director, on behalf of the Industrial Design Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbao
 * Bombay:Geliebte Moloch, produced by Adanos-Film, gmbh, Munich, Germany; Co-Scriptwriter and C-Director; Videofilms Made For The Archives of Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal (1984–85)
 * Shakti Chattopadhyaya: Portrait of the Poet, produced by Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal; Concept, Script, and Direction
 * Translating Shakti Chattopadhyaya into English: a discussion with Jyotirmoy Datta and Arvind Krishna Meherotra, concept and direction, produced by Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal
 * Translating Shakti Chattopadhyaya into Hindi a discussion with Kedar Nath Singh and Prayag Shukla, concept and direction
 * Shamsher Bahadur Singh: A Portrait of the Poet, concept and direction
 * Shamsher Bahadur Singh in discussion with Namvar Singh and Ashok Vajpeyi, Concept and Direction, produced by Bharat Bhavan Bhopal
 * K.Satchidanandan: A Portrait of the Poet and a discussion by Sudha Gopalakrishnan and Rajendra Dhodapkar, concept and direction, produced by Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal
 * In The Darkness of the Twentieth Century: A discussion featuring Shrikant, Verma, Namvar Singh, and Ashok Vajpeyi, concept and direction, produced by Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal
 * Kunwar Narayan: A Portrait of the Poet, Concept and Direction, produced by Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal
 * B.C.Sanyal: Memories of Life and Art at 82, concept and direction; for Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi
 * Narayan Surve: A Poet of The Proliterait (in Marathi, Hindi, and English versions), 2000

Editor

 * Shabda (1954–1960), Mumbai
 * New Quest (1978–1980), (2001–), Mumbai

Columnist

 * The Free Press Journal, Mumbai (1959–1960)
 * Loksatta, Mumbai
 * Dinank, Mumbai
 * Ravivar Sakal, Pune
 * Quest
 * New Quest
 * Abhiruchi

Occasional book reviewer/contributor of articles

 * The Indian Express
 * The Times of India
 * Sakaal Times
 * Quest
 * New Quest
 * Granth
 * The Illustrated Weekly of India
 * Times Weekly
 * Biblio
 * Gallery
 * Kala-Varta
 * Sakshatkar
 * Poorvagraha

Online Poetry

 * At Poetry International Web
 * At Muse India
 * at Kavitayan
 * Childhood
 * Haikus
 * Rape of Gujarat
 * Ode to Bombay
 * Frescos on Little Mag
 * Hindi Translations of some poems at Pratilipi
 * Poems from Shesha
 * Gujarati translations of some poems by Hemang Desai

title: Dilip Chitre


text:
User talk:SweetMeara4

American Dialects Bold textAccent:Bold textrefers only to the way words are pronounced.

American Dialects Report Outline
ACCENT: refers only to the way words are pronounced. IDIOLECT: manner of speaking of an individual person. No two people's idiolect are alike.

Three things are needed for a new dialect to develop. A group of people living closely together, group is living in isolation, and the passage of time.

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title: User talk:SweetMeara4


text:
User:Jleous/sandbox

space for articles I'm working on

= Rho Ophiuchus Nebula Complex =

title: User:Jleous/sandbox


text: User talk:67.124.200.240

title: User talk:67.124.200.240


text:
Talk:Wordplay (The Twilight Zone)

Untitled
I'm looking to make all the "New Twilight Zone" episodes in this format and with complete info. If you can help, please contact me. -Wieners 10:09, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

BetacommandBot (talk) 05:32, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Key plot point
It's been a long time since I've seen this episode, but if memory serves, the synopsis left out a key plot point. When the boy is taken to the emergency room, the doctors can only save him with Lowery's assistance, because medical manuals are the only things he can understand. I leave it to someone with access to the DVD to confirm this. 167.206.122.66 (talk) 17:44, 3 January 2011 (UTC)

Actual Condition
I remember seeing this episode back in the '80s. Looking at it now it sounds an awful lot like he is suffering from a condition called receptive aphasia, also known as Wernicke's aphasia. It is the result of damage to certain parts of the brain dealing with language and comprehension. The person loses the ability to understand language, either written or spoken, and when they try to communicate they produce only "word salad." But from the patient's point of view he or she is speaking correctly and it is everyone else who is suddenly producing gibberish. Such a person might hear the word "lunch" and in their mind it brings up the image of a huge extinct reptile. They would in effect, like Bill Lowery in this episode, have heard "dinosaur" instead of "lunch." The same goes for all the other words they hear or see written. It is as if their entire understanding of language has been scrambled. The overall effect, from their point of view, would be very similar to what is portrayed here. Beetfarm Louie (talk) 09:57, 25 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wordplay (The Twilight Zone)


text: User talk:150.104.209.60

title: User talk:150.104.209.60


text:
User talk:Dougfunny18

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. --Golbez 17:20, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dougfunny18