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Adam Forepaugh

Adam John Forepaugh (born Adam John Forbach; February 28, 1831 – January 22, 1890) was an American horse trader and circus owner. From 1865 through 1890 his circus operated under various names including Forepaugh's Circus, Forepaugh's Gigantic Circus and Menagerie, The Forepaugh Show, 4-PAW Show, The Adam Forepaugh Circus, and Forepaugh & The Wild West.

He ran a successful horse trading business which provided horses to street railway companies. He became wealthy selling horses to the U.S. government during the American Civil War. He entered the circus business by taking part ownership in a circus due to an unpaid debt for the purchase of 44 horses.

In the 1870s and 1880s, Forepaugh and P. T. Barnum had the two largest circuses in the United States and competed fiercely. His innovations included commission of the first railroad cars for a traveling circus in 1877, the first three-ring presentation and the first Wild West show. After Forepaugh's death in 1890, his circus operations were merged with the Sells Brothers Circus to form the Forepaugh-Sells Brothers' Circus in 1900.

Early life and horse trading career
Forepaugh was born into poverty in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to John A. Forbach, a butcher, and Susannah Heimer. He began working in a butcher shop at age 9, earning $4 a month. He left home on the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad to Cincinnati, where he worked in cattle appraising and managing stagecoach lines. He moved to New York City and formed a livestock and horse trading business. He became the largest purveyor of horses in New York state and earned a reputation as an expert judge of horses.

Forepaugh ran a successful business selling horses to street railway companies. He purchased old "nags" from one streetcar company, allowed the horses to rejuvenate on an island in the Schuylkill River, and then sold the horses at a higher price to a different streetcar company. Forepaugh’s horse selling enterprise during the American Civil War became his most lucrative business venture. The war made horses scarce and therefore very valuable. He became wealthy selling horses to the U.S. government.

Circus career
Forepaugh entered the circus business in 1864, when he sold 44 horses to John V. "Pogey" O'Brien for $9,000 to use in the Tom King Excelsior Circus. O'Brien could not repay the loan and Forepaugh assumed partial ownership of the circus. The next year, he and O'Brien purchased the Jerry Mabie Menagerie and created two circuses with their combined assets: The Great National Circus and the Dan Rice Circus. Forepaugh sold the Great National Circus and renamed the Dan Rice Circus as his own name. In November of 1865 Forepaugh opened the Philadelphia Circus and Menagerie at 10th and Callowhill Streets. This was the first permanent home of his touring circus show. His circus toured 250 or more days each year and employed over 400 performers and workmen. His annual average profit exceeded $300,000.

Forepaugh was different from most of his fellow circus operators. Already independently wealthy when he entered the circus business, he was much less a showman and much more a businessman—a stark contrast to P. T. Barnum and the Ringling Brothers. He was intimately involved in all aspects of the circus business. He would regularly seat himself at the main entrance into the circus, a vantage point that ensured that his face was seen by all and from which, it was rumored, he could estimate the night's receipts to hold his employees accountable. Through the 1870s and into the 1880s, Forepaugh and P. T. Barnum had the two largest circuses in the nation. Forepaugh had more animals than Barnum and generally paid higher salaries to the much-favored European talent. The two men constantly fought each other over rights to perform in the most-favored venues.

They signed truces in 1882, 1884, and 1887, dividing the country into exclusive territories to avoid disputes. But at least twice, they decided to pool their resources and perform together. In 1880, Forepaugh and Barnum combined their shows for a Philadelphia engagement. In 1887, Forepaugh obtained permission to perform in Madison Square Garden, a venue that Barnum considered to be exclusively his but had forfeited by his neglect to renew his contract. A compromise was negotiated, and once again the two circuses presented a combined performance in the largest circus performance to date.

In 1889, Forepaugh sold his circus acts to James Anthony Bailey and James E. Cooper and sold his railroad cars to the Ringling Brothers. The Ringlings used the equipment to transform their circus from a small animal-powered production to a huge rail-powered behemoth, which later purchased the Barnum & Bailey Circus. Thus, in liquidating his circus assets, he indirectly contributed to the demise of his arch-rival.

In her 1932 biography, Mary Elitch Long—the first woman to own a zoo—commented on purchasing animals from Forepaugh:"'Fine specimens were purchased from Forepaugh's collections and other sources, and a standing order placed with importers of rare and unusual creatures. P.T. Barnum was a frequent visitor during this summer and took a personal pride in this feature.'"

Business practices

The American circus business in this period was known for its unscrupulous business practices—practices of which Forepaugh was a willing participant. Forepaugh was also noted for his business acumen and marketing prowess, which made his circus profitable every year except one.

An example of Forepaugh's unscrupulous methods was his rivalry with Barnum over Barnum's white elephant. Barnum had purchased, at great cost, an ostensibly white elephant, only to discover upon delivery that it was pink, with great spots. Forepaugh heard of this and saw an opportunity to one-up Barnum. He whitewashed a regular gray elephant, called it the "Light of Asia", and marketed it as the real thing. To further illustrate the spirit of the business dealings between the two, a reporter who managed to sneak up and remove some of the whitewash from the "Light of Asia" to prove Forepaugh's fraud was able to sell this information to Barnum, instead of writing a story about it for his newspaper.

Some of Forepaugh's methods were truly innovative, however. He was the first circus operator to separate the menagerie from the big ring in order to attract church goers who might be leery of the "sinful" attractions of circus acts, yet still desirous to see the exotic animals in the menagerie.

Innovations
Forepaugh was responsible for many innovations in circus history, which influenced circuses for many years.
 * He was the first to incorporate a "Wild West Show" into his circus.
 * In 1869, he was the first to use two separate "bigtop" tents at the same time, one for the circus performance and the other for the menagerie.
 * In search of new talent, he sponsored a $10,000 beauty contest in 1881, looking for the "most beautiful woman in America". The winner was Louise Montague, a 21-year-old New York City actress blessed with a "charming blue eye" and "... magnificent teeth, which she shows to advantage in conversation". Many believe this was the first beauty pageant in America.
 * He hired an African-American elephant trainer named Ephraim Thompson in a time when blacks rarely had positions of such stature.

The famous "sucker" quote
The quote "There's a sucker born every minute, but none of them ever die" is often attributed to P. T. Barnum. The source of the quote is most likely famous con-man Joseph ("Paper Collar" Joe) Bessimer. Forepaugh attributed the quote to Barnum in a newspaper interview in an attempt to discredit him. However, Barnum never denied making the quote. It is said that he thanked Forepaugh for the free publicity he had given him.

Death and legacy
Forepaugh died January 20, 1890, in Philadelphia during the 1889–1890 flu pandemic and is buried in the family vault at Laurel Hill Cemetery. Many local charities and churches in the Philadelphia area benefited from his estate, including Temple University, Morris Animal Refuge, St. Agnes, St. Luke's and Children's Medical Center.

After Forepaugh's death, his circus operations merged with the Sells Brothers Circus to form the Forepaugh-Sells Brothers' Circus in 1900.

An article at the end of 1907 observed that the Ringling brothers intended to close the remains of their property, the former Forepaugh show, eighteen years after its original owner's death, and stop using the name and likeness which had "been seen oftener than that of any other American, dead or alive" by that writer's estimation.

Forepaugh gave his name to Forepaugh Park, the 1890s baseball venue in Philadelphia.

In 2010, a young adult book Tombstone Tea by Joanne Dahme takes place in Laurel Hill Cemetery and Forepaugh is one of the characters in the book.

title: Adam Forepaugh


text: User talk:150.176.182.29

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title: User talk:150.176.182.29


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Talk:Marston's Brewery

Talk
Shouldn't Marston's Brewery redirect to Marston's plc rather than vice versa? Or better still, interlinked articles on the two subjects.Major_Clanger (talk) 19:03, 5 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Naming convention for brewery articles: WP:Brewery name.  SilkTork  *YES! 09:32, 17 March 2010 (UTC)

Other brand
I note that Marston's also brew Sainsbury's own-brand India Pale Ale, at least so it says on the label of the bottle that I'm currently drinking. Beer experts can insert this where it makes sense in the article. Lexo (talk) 01:20, 8 December 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved to Marston's Mike Cline (talk) 18:13, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

Marston& → Marston's – This article now seems to have settled at Marston's plc rather than Marston's Brewery, but there is no need to include the company suffix in the title per WP:NCCORP. Marston's already redirects here. Interplanet Janet (talk) 14:29, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Support. No need for plc, look at the vast number of articles on FTSE 100 Index or FTSE 250 Index. Zarcadia (talk) 18:48, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Support. We do not usually include plc, Inc., Ltd., and so forth unless needed for diambiguation. •••Life of Riley (T–C) 21:39, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Support Either Marston's or Marston's Brewery. Looking at other brewery pages, they seem to conform to the "Tetley's Brewery", "Webster's Brewery", "John Smith's Brewery", "Boddingtons Brewery" model. Farrtj (talk) 13:49, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

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Sale of breweries
Due to the proposed sale of the breweries to Carlsberg Group, the name of this article should be changed to Marston's Plc to reflect that its now only a pub owning business. References to the breweries should be in the past tense. Regards --Devokewater (talk) 11:30, 15 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Agreed, @Devokewater the article now combines 2 entirely separate corporate entities and hence seen reads as rather confused and confusing. However the content is split there needs to be separate entries, one titled 'Carlsberg Marston's Brewing Company (CMBC)' and the other 'Marston's Plc' as you say. Hope helps --JSN2849 (talk) JSN2849 (talk) 20:59, 14 December 2022 (UTC)

Create new pages
As this first and formost about the brewing company, should this be renamed to reflect what the company now is which is Carlsberg Marston's Brewing Company and a new page created to reflect Marston's PLC, which now concentrates on the pub and inn's side of the busness. 77.103.105.243 (talk) 18:16, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

 * I agree. I have created a new page for Marston's plc. I am content to move this page to Carlsberg Marston's Brewing Company if there are no objections. That said, there is a naming convention for brewery articles: WP:Brewery name. Dormskirk (talk) 18:50, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marston's Brewery


text:
User:Edith The Hutt

Edith The Hutt is a British graduate student studying computational chemistry who registered as a user on Wednesday 12th October 2005.

title: User:Edith The Hutt


text:
EuroPowerPack

The EuroPowerPack is the combination of the MTU MT883 Ka-500/501 diesel engine delivering over 1100 kW (1500 PS) shaft power with the ten-speed (five forward, five reverse) Renk HSWL 295TM automatic transmission for the use in heavy tracked vehicles like tanks.

Initially the version with the MT883 Ka-500 engine provided 1500 shaft horsepower, but in 2002 an improved version using the MT883 Ka-501 providing 1650hp was tested

Engine specifications

 * Engine: German MTU MT883 Ka-500/501 27.4-litre (27,361 cc) 90° V-block 12-cylinder liquid-cooled diesel engine
 * Bore x stroke: 144 mm x 140 mm (5.669 inches X 5.512 inches)
 * Aspiration: 2x single-stage turbocharged & air-to-liquid intercooled (charged-air cooler)
 * Fuel system: Mechanical fuel line pump or Common rail (Ka-500)/Common rail (Ka-501)
 * Coolant capacity: 110 L (29.05 gal)
 * Lubrication: Dry sump
 * Lubricant capacity: 80 L (21.13 gal)
 * Engine length: 1,488 mm (58.583 inches)
 * Engine width: 972 mm (38.268 inches)
 * Engine height: 742 mm (29.213 inches)
 * Dry weight (estimated): 1,800 kg (3,968 lbs)
 * Power: 1,500 hp (Ka-500)/1,630 hp (Ka-501) @ 2,700 rpm Rated 1min
 * Torque: 3,352 lb·ft (4545Nm)(Ka-500)/3,687 lb·ft (4999Nm)(Ka-501) @ 2,000 rpm

Transmission specifications

 * Transmission: German RENK HSWL 295TM - Ten Speed (Five Forward, Five Reverse)
 * Transmission length: 774 mm (30.472 inches)
 * Transmission width: 1,660 mm (65.354 inches)
 * Transmission height: 816 mm (32.126 inches)
 * Dry weight: 2,400 kg (5,286 lbs)
 * Maximum Power: 1,600 hp

Uses
The EuroPowerPack is used in:

 * Leclerc tropicalisé
 * Challenger 2E (export version challenger 2E only, uses Ka500)
 * Merkava Mk. 4
 * Arjun: Uses the same engine as in EuroPowerPack but with a different semi-automatic Renk RK 304-I transmission
 * K2 Black Panther: Euro power packs (MT883 Ka-501) were used in 100 tanks produced for the first batch.

title: EuroPowerPack


text:
Solvent (producer)

Solvent is the stage name used by electronic producer and remixer Jason Amm. Although his music has been included in the electroclash movement (as his track "My Radio" appeared on Ghostly International's 2002 compilation album Disco Nouveau), many of Solvent's tracks fall under the intelligent dance music or electropop genres. Jason Amm's music is often associated with its strong influence from early 1980s artists such as Soft Cell and Depeche Mode, but the influence is much wider, spanning the last three decades.

With partner Gregory DeRocher (who records his own music using the pseudonym Lowfish), Amm owned and operated the Suction record label until its demise in 2008. This was partly because 12" records were no longer being manufactured in Canada, leading to costly imports from the USA.

Aside from tracks appearing on various-artists compilations, Amm has released several full-length albums using the Solvent moniker.

Albums

 * 1998 Solvent
 * 1999 Solvently One Listens
 * 2001 Solvent City
 * 2004 Apples + Synthesizers
 * 2005 Elevators + Oscillators
 * 2007 Demonstration Tape (1997-2007)
 * 2010 Subject to Shift
 * 2014 New Ways (Music From The Documentary I Dream of Wires)

title: Solvent (producer)