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Hapoel Haifa F.C.

Hapoel Haifa Football Club (מועדון הכדורגל הפועל חיפה, Moadon HaKaduregel Hapoel Haifa) is an Israeli football club located in the city of Haifa. The club won one championship (1998–99) and 4 Israeli cups (1962–63, 1965–66 and 1973–74, 2017–18). The team is also known as "The Sharks". The club's home is the Sammy Ofer Stadium in Haifa, in which they have played since their departure from Kiryat Eliezer Stadium in 2014 and Kiryat Haim's Thomas D'Alesandro Stadium in 1955. The stadium, which is shared with rivals Maccabi Haifa, is the second largest in Israeli football, with a capacity of 30,942. The colours of the team's home kit are red throughout. The away colours are white shirts, and black shorts and socks.

The Early years
The beginning of the club was in a local organization in 1924 was established in city of Haifa in the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem (present-day Israel). This organization included several branches related to sports, in addition to branches related to worker movements and the Histadrut. Their goal was to found the first ever labor football club in Palestine, like those around the world. The most acceptable version about the club's establishment says that during Passover, on April 24, 1924, the establishment meeting took place, in a house at the in Haifa, including 36 representatives of the different authorities. The meeting was led by Yehoshua Sherpstein and Yair Aharony.

On May 1, 1924, Labor Day, was the first match, in which Hapoel Haifa beat 3–1 the train workers of Haifa. In the first years of the club it played mainly friendly matches against different teams from Palestine, Europe, and the Middle East (Since the Football Association was yet to be established, there were no formal matches). At the beginning Hapoel Haifa was included under the Maccabi union, since it was the only union at that time. Two years later the club decided to leave Maccabi, and was among the founders of the new union, Hapoel.

In 1928 the Israel Football Association (IFA) was founded, and formal matches were scheduled: In the first 4 years only cup matches, and afterwards league matches were added. During these years Hapoel Haifa did not win many trophies, yet it was still one of the leading teams in the country. In 1932 the team qualified to its first cup final, against the British Police. The referee was British, and some of the decisions he made were very controversial. During the match, when the score was 1–0 to Hapoel Haifa (goal by Yonah Stern), after some decisions that the players of Haifa found very odd and unfair, one of Haifa players stole the cup. As a result, Hapoel Haifa was disqualified. That year 5 of Haifa's players made it to the Palestine squad.

The Fifties
In 1950, after the 1947–1949 Palestine war, the Israeli League returned to action, and Haifa finished in the 3rd place, after Maccabi and Hapoel Tel Aviv. Two years later the cup matches were renewed. These years were direct continuation to the seasons before the state of Israel was established, when the team was one of the leaders, yet did not manage to win any trophies.

The Sixties and The Seventies
Hapoel Haifa was very weak in the early sixties. The team finished 1962–63 one before last, and was supposed to relegate to the second division. But, due to suspicions about improper matches, the relegations were canceled (many say that this was due to the connections of the heads of Hapoel in the IFA). At this turning point, many talented young players promoted from the youth team, causing a significant improvement that started the club's best period. In the same season, 1962–63, the club won the Israel State Cup, after beating Maccabi Haifa in the final 1–0. In all of the following seasons the team finished in the top third of the league, and qualified to the cup final three more times. The main players of the team at that time were Abba Gindin, Yitzhak Englander, Yochanan Vollach and Roby Young. These players were some of the greatest players in Israeli football in the 1960s and the 1970s and were part of the Israel national team for many years. Roby Young was even the captain of the national team.

In 1974 Hapoel Haifa won the Israeli cup again. In those years the club's leading players began to leave it, including the shocking transfer of Englander and Vollach to the bitter rival Maccabi Haifa, due to Hapoel's poor management. Although the team finished 2nd in 1975, a great fall began, leading to the big crush of the 1980s.

The-eighties: The Downfall
In 1981 the team relegated, for the first time ever, to the second division. Until then it was one of the 3 clubs that never relegated (alongside Maccabi and Hapoel Tel Aviv). That was the beginning of the worst decade in the club's history. Even the signing of Peter Lorimer, one of the greatest players of Leeds United, as manager, didn't help and he left several months later. The big crisis in the Histadrut led to a financial crisis in the club, which was on the verge of bankruptcy. The crisis hit also the administrative side, and directors were replaced frequently. Near the end of the 1980s, three former players of the club, Yitzhak Englander, Avi Kaufman and Efraim Gabay, took the club to their hands as an exterior organization, hoping to save the club from bankruptcy, yet due to lack of funding sources they couldn't solve the financial crisis in the club.

The Nineties: The Age of Shapira
In 1992 the team promoted to the first division in the second time. That season was accompanied with rumors about an anonymous businessman who took responsibility on the club. Ultimately, the anonymous was turned out to be Robi Shapira, a businessman who made his fortune in the fishing business in Nigeria. Shapira gave big amounts of money to the club and saved it from financial collapse. That money was used to purchase many leading players, but the team made no remarkable achievement and was still at relegating danger. Following a long streak of losses during the season of 1993–94 Shapira decided to buy the club from the Histadrut. In the first years under Shapira many great players and managers were brought to the team, yet it could not win trophies and achieve the club's great ambition: championship.

1998–99: The Championship
In 1997–98 Hapoel Haifa reached 3rd place, with Eli Guttman as manager. The following season the team was tagged as a top team, but not as a candidate for championship. In spite of the predictions, a streak of impressive victories put Haifa in the 1st place, with a big advantage over the rest of the league. Hapoel Haifa showed a very tactical and effective style of football that dragged criticism from different sources, such as the media and other teams. Hapoel Haifa remained in the 1st place and increased its advantage over other teams.

On Saturday, May 8, 1999, in the 27th round of the league, Hapoel Haifa competed with Maccabi Tel Aviv, who was 2nd before that round, in Kiryat Eliezer Stadium. Hapoel Haifa won the match 3–2 (two goals by Oren Zeituni and one more by Oren Nissim) and was crowned as champion, for the first (and only) time.

Millennium – Present: The Death of Shapira and Inconsistent Results
In the season following the championship, the team finished a disappointing 7th. Two key players left (Liron Basis to Maccabi Tel Aviv, Najwan Ghrayib to Aston Villa), and their replacements couldn't lead the team to repeat the great achievement. The next season, the manager Guttman left, and his replacement Guy Levy brought 4 new foreign players: Alin Minteuan, Oleg Yelshev, Michael Anicic and Viktor Paço, who joined veteran Dimitry Ulianov. The team finished in the 3rd place after two victories in the Haifa derby against Maccabi (3–0 and 3–1), and 3 victories over the current champion Hapoel Tel Aviv (3–1 and 1–0 in Tel Aviv and 2–0 at home).

In the summer of 2001, the media reported that Shapira had decided to reduce his investment in the club significantly. The club's budget was decreased, planned expenditures were canceled and key players were released. It was later discovered that Shapira's financial status had deteriorated. He had significant debts and his businesses were close to bankruptcy. Some of the club's assets, including player cards, were mortgaged to a Dutch fishing company which Shapira owed money to. On Friday, December 14, 2001, Shapira committed suicide in his house in Nigeria. After his suicide, the court in Haifa ruled that Hapoel Haifa would be administered by a temporary liquidators. At the end of that season (2001–02), Hapoel Haifa was relegated to the second division. For nearly 3 years the club was managed by 3 liquidators, who managed to keep the team in the second division and simultaneously looking for potential purchasers to the club.

Following its return to the top division in 2004, the club was bought by Yoav Katz, an Israeli businessman who resides in the United States. Hapoel Haifa played a single season (2004–05) in Israel's top league before again being relegated to the second division, where it stayed until the end of the 2008–09 season. After finishing first in the second division that year, Hapoel Haifa returned to the Israeli Premier league, and finished high enough in the standings to avoid relegation at the end of 2010. Nitzan Shirazi replaced Shlomi Dora as manager prior to the 2010–11 season. The club remains very well known and respected in the local league, though no silverware is added to the trophy cabinet. Many foreign players who choose to sign for the club are later on successful in the higher ranks and leagues, due to the club's good connections, and the club is up until current days a good place for players to grow and promote from.

In 2005–06 the club's youth team won the youth league's championship, and established dominance as one of the best teams in Israel's youth league.

European Appearances
Hapoel Haifa was the first Israeli team to qualify to the third qualifying round of the UEFA Champions League (2000). The team passed Beşiktaş (Turkey) in the second qualifying round after 1–1 in Turkey (Đovani Roso scored to Haifa) and 0–0 in Kiryat Eliezer in the second leg. In the third qualifying round the team lost twice 2–0 to Valencia (Spain), who went on till the Champions League Final that year.

After losing to Valencia Hapoel Haifa met Club Brugge from Belgium in the UEFA Cup. Hapoel Haifa won that match 3–1 (two goals by Amir Turgeman and one by Nir Sevillia). In the second leg in Belgium Hapoel Haifa gained a quick advantage (Roso). Brugge managed to turn the score to 3–1; Amir Turgeman scored the 3–2 in the 75' minute and Brugge scored in stoppage time to win 4–2. Yet it was Haifa who qualified to the next level, due to advantage in away goals. It was the first time an Israeli team qualifies to the second round of the UEFA cup.

In the second round Haifa met Ajax from the Netherlands. In the first leg in Israel Ajax won 3–0. In the second leg Hapoel Haifa made a sensational victory of 1–0, with Đovani Roso scoring a penalty kick and missing another.

Stadium
Hapoel Haifa originally played in Kiryat Haim, which is the main training grounds of this club. In 1955, a gift from the Italian Labour Union was a football pitch in the heart of the city of Haifa, which would become the new home of Hapoel. The opening match was a Haifa derby, lost by Hapoel 4–1 over Maccabi.

New stadium
After the municipality of Haifa offered the club land for a stadium at the southern entrance to the city, Sammy Ofer Stadium was built, and now serves as Hapoel's home stadium, holding 30,942 seats.

City Rivalry with Maccabi Haifa
The two main clubs in Haifa, Hapoel Haifa and Maccabi Haifa, has a long history of raging rivalry that includes mutually loathing and fan conflicts, a rivalry that went on even during Hapoel Haifa's less successful years in second division. The source of this rivalry is mainly in the clubs' political identity. Hapoel was founded as a socialist labor team, who were identified mainly with the Histadrut and the reign of Mapai, both local and national. Hapoel was identified as the team of the establishment that was supported by the authorities. Therefore, naturally, Maccabi Haifa became the deprived team, that had to fight for its existence. The differences between the clubs created the differences between the fans: Hapoel Haifa's fans were traditionally identified with the political left side of the map, most of the workers in the industries in Haifa. The Maccabi Haifa fans were identified mostly as part of the middle-class status.

In the last years the differences between the two sides faded, mainly because Maccabi's numerous achievements, which enlarged and varied their fan group. Yet there is still a slight difference between the two fan groups. Many of the fans of Hapoel are living in the Krayot. In the last years the rivalry got a more sportive shade, which appears especially before derby matches.

In popular culture
The main characters in Eran Riklis's 1999 film Vulcan Junction are Hapoel Haifa's supporters and one of the characters is a club's player. The club management collaborated with the production and some of the scenes shot in the club's stadium in Kiryat Haim, some of the club's personnel even took part in the filming as extras. Hapoel Haifa supporter character also presented in the 2002 feature Broken Wings, directed by the club supporter, Nir Bergman. Literatural references of the club are available in the Hebrew books: Our Holocaust (by Amir Gutfreund, available in English), Go To Gaza (by Shay Lahav), Tashlich (by Nir Kipnis) and the football short stories anthology The Dutchman of Acre.

Current squad
 As of January 2024

Foreigners 2023–24
Only up to six non-Israeli nationals can be in an Israeli club squad. Those with Jewish ancestry, married to an Israeli, or have played in Israel for an extended period of time, can claim a passport or permanent residency which would allow them to play with Israeli status.

 * Fernand Mayembo
 * 🇧🇫 Dramane Salou
 * 🇧🇾 Dmitry Antilevsky
 * Jalo Korka

Coaches

 * 🇮🇱 Mordechai Spiegler (1979–80)
 * 🇮🇱 Yehoshua Feigenbaum (1983–84)
 * 🇮🇱 Dror Kashtan (July 1, 1994 – June 30, 1995)
 * 🇮🇱 Avram Grant (July 1, 1995 – June 30, 1996)
 * 🇭🇷 Ivan Katalinić (1996–97)
 * 🇮🇱 Eli Guttman (1997–00)
 * 🇮🇱 Guy Levy (2000–02)
 * 🇮🇱 Eli Guttman (2002)
 * 🇮🇱 Yehoshua Feigenbaum (2002–03)
 * 🇮🇱 Baruch Maman (2003–04)
 * 🇮🇱 Nir Levine (2004–05)
 * 🇮🇱 Ran Ben Shimon (2005–06)
 * 🇮🇱 Rafi Cohen (June 2006 – Sept 06)
 * 🇮🇱 Shlomi Dora (Jan 28, 2007 – May 25, 2010)
 * 🇮🇱 Nitzan Shirazi (June 5, 2010 – Nov 26, 2011)
 * 🇮🇱 Tal Banin (Nov 27, 2011 – May 13, 2012)
 * 🇮🇱 Nir Klinger (July 1, 2012 – June 30, 2013)
 * 🇮🇱 Shlomi Dora (July 1, 2013 – May 14, 2014)
 * 🇮🇱 Reuven Atar (July 1, 2014 – Feb 16, 2015)
 * 🇮🇱 Tal Banin (Feb 16, 2015 – Dec 15)
 * 🇮🇱 Meir Ben Margi (Dec 2015 – February 15, 2016)
 * 🇮🇱 Eli Cohen (February 15, 2016 – Dec 16)
 * 🇮🇱 Dani Golan (December 2016– March 2017)
 * 🇮🇱 Nir Klinger (March 2017– October 2018)
 * 🇮🇱 Sharon Mimer (November 2018 – April 2019)
 * 🇮🇱 Haim Silvas (April 2019 - April 2021)
 * 🇮🇱 Elisha Levi (April 2021 - May 2022)
 * 🇮🇱 Nir Klinger (June 1, 2022 – October 23, 2022)
 * 🇮🇱 Ronny Levy (October 25, 2022 – ?)

title: Hapoel Haifa F.C.


text:
Derek Beaulieu

Derek Alexander Beaulieu (born December 7, 1973, in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian poet, publisher and anthologist.

Beaulieu studied contemporary Canadian poetics at the University of Calgary and Creative Writing at Roehampton University. His work has appeared internationally in small press publications, magazines, and in visual art galleries. He has lectured on small press politics, arts funding and literary community in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Iceland. He was the 2014-2016 Poet Laureate of Calgary, Alberta, Canada and is the 2022-2024 Poet Laureate of Banff, Alberta, Canada.

He works extensively around issues of community and poetics, and along those lines has edited (or co-edited) the magazines filling Station (1998–2001, 2004–2008), dANDelion (2001–2004), endNote (2000–2001) and The Minute Review (2010, 2021-).

He founded housepress in 1997 from which he published small editions of poetry, prose and critical work until 2004. The housepress fonds are now located at Simon Fraser University. In 2005 he founded the small press no press.

In 2005 he co-edited Shift & Switch: new Canadian poetry with Angela Rawlings and Jason Christie, a controversial anthology of new poetry which has been reviewed internationally. In 2016 he co-edited The Calgary Renaissance with Rob McLennan.

Beaulieu has shifted his focus in recent years to conceptual fiction, specifically visual translations/rewritings. His book Flatland consists of visual patterns based on the typography of Edwin Abbott Abbott's classic novel Flatland and his book Local Colour is a series of colour blocks based on the original text of Paul Auster's novella Ghosts.

How to Write, a collection of conceptual prose, was published by Talonbooks in 2010.

Beaulieu lives in Banff, Alberta where he is Director, Literary Arts at Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity.

Selected bibliography

 * 2003:With Wax. Toronto: Coach House ISBN 1-55245-118-6
 * 2005:Frogments from the Fragpool: Haiku after Basho Toronto: Mercury ISBN 1-55128-112-0 (with Gary Barwin)
 * 2005:Shift & Switch: New Canadian Poetry. Toronto: Mercury ISBN 1-55128-116-3 (edited with angela rawlings and Jason Christie).
 * 2006:fractal economies. Vancouver: Talonbooks ISBN 0-88922-539-7
 * 2007:Flatland. York: information as material ISBN 978-0-9553092-5-0
 * 2008:Local Colour. Helsinki: ntamo ISBN 978-952-215-049-3
 * 2008:chains. Kingston, PA: paper kite press
 * 2010:How to Write. Vancouver: Talonbooks ISBN 978-0-88922-629-6.
 * 2010:Silence. Anchill Island: redfoxpress
 * 2011:seen of the crime: essays on conceptual writing. Montreal: Snare
 * 2012:Kern Lafarge, WI: Xexoxial Editions
 * 2013:Writing Surfaces: Selected Fiction of John Riddell Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press (edited with Lori Emerson)
 * 2013:Please, No More Poetry: the Poetry of derek beaulieu Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press (edited by Kit Dobson)
 * 2014:Kern. Los Angeles, CA: Les Figues
 * 2015: The Unbearable contact with poets. Manchester, UK: if p then q
 * 2016: Ascender / Descender. Anchill Island: redfoxpress
 * 2016:The Calgary Renaissance. Ottawa: Chaudiere Books (edited with Rob Mclennan).
 * 2017: Konzeptuelle Arbeiten. Bern, Switzerland: edition taberna kritika
 * 2017: a, A Novel. Paris, France: Jean Boite Editions
 * 2018: Counter / Weight. Anchill Island: redfoxpress
 * 2018: Nights on Prose Mountain: the Fiction of bpNichol. Toronto: Coach House.
 * 2019: Aperture. Shropshire: Penteract.
 * 2021: Lens Flare. Falmouth: Guillemot. (with Rhys Farrell)
 * 2022: Surface Tension. Toronto: Coach House.
 * 2023: Silence: Essays and Lectures. Malmo: Timglaset.

English Teacher
In addition to writing, Beaulieu has also taught with the Calgary Board of Education, the Alberta University of the Arts, the University of Calgary, and Mount Royal University.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Derek Beaulieu


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User:Evilphoenix/evidence

This page is for my personal use in gathering evidence in any editing disputes that I may be involved with.

Durin/Carolina Forest, South Carolina

 * On October 8th, I removed a large section of text from this article that I believed to be in copyright violation. The text was essentially advertising, and included links to URL's from which the text was drawn. diff.
 * After continuing to investigate the text on the page, I determined that the opening sections were also in copyright violation, from this website. I applied the copyvio tag, and copyvio diff.
 * On September 9th, Durin reverted to the previous version, with the edit summary: "Rv DB tag; there is good content here. Need to recover from history" diff.
 * I reverted back to the versions with the copyvio tags, as the copyvio issues had not yet been resolved: diff.
 * I left a message on Durin's talk page, asking him not to remove the copyvio notice again diff.
 * After double checking on the requirements for speedy deleting copyright violations, I noticed that the article is supposed to be less than 48 hours old to qualify as a speedy candidate. As the Carolina Forest article was older than that, I removed the speedy deletion tag diff.

title: User:Evilphoenix/evidence


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tommy (drinking game)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 21:24, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Tommy (drinking game)
Looks like patent nonsense or hoax to me. paul klenk talk 14:32, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - looks to me like a game some group of friends have made up - doesn't warrant an encyclopedia entry IMO. CLW
 * Delete unverifiable. Sounds like i would get you hammered though. --Apyule 04:31, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Rogerd 12:01, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - It is certainly not a hoax, having been party to this game myself several times. However, I am not sure of the game's origins - I have only heard of it through one source, so to speak, so it may not be in the same class as 'Centurion' or '21' as a universal drinking game. From the person I first heard of it from, it could possibly have a military origin. Not quite sure how one would show that it is verifiable according to the Wikipedia definition, although I do have photographic evidence which would suggest it is...! I get the impression from Catergory:Drinking Games that this category could be used as a source for people to explore if they want to try a new drinking game. I am sure this is not the only game on this list that has just been made up by a group of friends, if Tommy does indeed fall under this banner. For this reason, I think it should stay. I note that some other pages in this category do not verify their content with explicit sources, but such is the nature of the subject matter. -- Rmbyoung 00:02, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mikhael Gorbachev

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy keep (redirects for deletion belong at WP:RFD) --Angr/undefined 11:41, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Mikhael Gorbachev
Incorrect transliteration of "Mikhael" from Russian. Article under correct title "Mikhail Gorbachev" already exists. Delete. unsigned vote by 81.109.252.129
 * The purpose of the redirect is to point people who may not know the correct spelling of "Mikhail" to the correct article. Speedy keep, and in the future redirects should be listed over at RfD. Quicksandish τκ 14:59, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep, and this isn't RfD anyway. --Kiand 15:20, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep per Quicksandish. — ceejayoz ★ 15:44, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep as useful redirect and Redirects for Deletion should be listed elsewhere anyway. Capitalistroadster 18:45, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep. Even the nominator has used the spelling "Mikhael" in their nomination. Tonywalton | Talk 23:32, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep. Wrong forum; ergo improper nomination. Xoloz 02:52, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Jaydeebee1

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Blank Verse  ∅  14:35, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Jaydeebee1


text:
Chaoite

Chaoite, or white carbon, is a mineral described as an allotrope of carbon whose existence is disputed. It was discovered in shock-fused graphite gneiss from the Ries crater in Bavaria. It has been described as slightly harder than graphite, with a reflection colour of grey to white. From its electron diffraction pattern, the mineral has been considered to have a carbyne structure, the linear acetylenic carbon allotrope of carbon. A later report has called this identification, and the very existence of carbyne phases, into question, arguing that the new reflections in the diffraction pattern are due to clay impurities.

Synthetic material
It has been claimed that an identical form can be prepared from graphite by sublimation at 2700-3000 K or by irradiating it with a laser in high vacuum. This substance has been termed ceraphite.

A review cautions that "in spite of these seemingly definitive reports … several other groups have tried unsuccessfully to reproduce these experiments. Independent confirmatory work is obviously needed … and at the present time white graphite appears to be the carbon analog of polywater".

Occurrence and discovery
Chaoite was first described from Möttingen, Ries Crater, Nördlingen, Bavaria, Germany and approved by the IMA in 1969. The mineral was named for USGS petrologist Edward C. T. Chao (1919-2008). At the type locality in Bavaria chaoite occurs in graphite bearing gneiss that has undergone shock metamorphism. It has also been reported from meteorites including the Goalpara meteorite in Assam, the Dyalpur meteorite in Uttar Pradesh in India and the Popigai impact structure in the Anabarskii massif of Eastern Siberia. Minerals associated with chaoite include: graphite, zircon, rutile, pseudobrookite, magnetite, nickeliferous pyrrhotite and baddeleyite.

title: Chaoite


text:
Gorakhpur division

Gorakhpur division is one of the 18 administrative geographical units (i.e. division) of the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Gorakhpur city is the administrative headquarters of the division. The division consists of 4 districts.

Districts

 * Gorakhpur
 * Deoria
 * Kushinagar
 * Maharajganj

History
In the year 1801, the region was transferred by the Nawab of Awadh to the British East India Company and Gorakhpur was raised to the status of a district. In 1829, Gorakhpur was made the headquarters of a division of the same name, comprising the districts of Gorakhpur, Ghazipur and Azamgarh. R.M. Biad was the first appointed Commissioner.

Nowadays, Gorakhpur has become a hub for readymade garments and is also known for Terracotta.

Presently, Azamgarh is a separate division lying in the south of Gorakhpur division, while the present day Ghazipur district is a part of Varanasi division and Ballia district, which was carved out of Ghazipur, is now included in Azamgarh division.

title: Gorakhpur division


text:
Kathy Rudy

M. Kathy Rudy (born 1956) is an American women's studies scholar, and theologian.

Biography
Rudy is a retired professor at Duke University. Her work is often interdisciplinary as she merges philosophy, theology, politics, feminism, and medical ethics. She is open about her homosexuality and is a radical social constructionist. She is an advocate of animal welfare and locavorism.

Rudy is well-known at Duke University, where she taught a variety of topics including: Feminist Ethics, Reproductive Ethics, Gender and Popular Culture, and Debates in Women's Studies. Through her progressive work, Kathy was awarded the David Paletz Course Enhancement Award in 2012.

Selected publications

 * Beyond Pro-life and Pro-choice: Moral Diversity in the Abortion Debate (1996). Beacon Press. ISBN 0-8070-0427-8
 * Sex and the Church: Gender, Homosexuality and the Transformation of Christian Ethics (1997). Beacon Press. ISBN 0-8070-1034-0
 * Loving Animals: Toward a New Animal Advocacy (2011). University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-7468X

title: Kathy Rudy


text: User talk:81.105.203.204

title: User talk:81.105.203.204


text:
333 (Green Jellÿ album)

333 is a studio album and video album released by Green Jellÿ in 1994.

Only 200,000 copies of the album were printed and only 5,000 copies of the video. The album failed to chart, and both versions are very difficult to find today.

A long-form video for the album was never properly released, and thus is extremely difficult to find. Despite this, the new video album did receive a 1995 Grammy nomination for best long-form video.

In popular culture

 * "The Bear Song" was featured in the movie Dumb and Dumber.
 * "Carnage Rules" was used as the theme song of the 1994 Spider-Man videogame Spider-Man and Venom: Maximum Carnage; the song itself is based on the Marvel Comics character Carnage.
 * Former member Maynard James Keenan appears as "Billy Bob" in the "Slave Boy" video.
 * Renowned parody musician, and future Volcano Records labelmate, "Weird Al" Yankovic makes a cameo in the music video for "Anthem", along with KISS members Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley.

title: 333 (Green Jellÿ album)


text:
User talk:Ibby

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

I noticed nobody had said hi yet... Hi!

If you feel a change is nWWWQRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRReeded, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

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 * Take a look at Consensus of standards
 * Create a User page

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf melmac 14:38, 9 October 2005 (UTC).

My apologies, but I posted a notice in the wrong place. --Calton | Talk 19:14, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

Attack
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on this page, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because the article is a page created primarily to disparage its subject or a biography of a living person that is controversial in tone and unsourced, where there is no neutral point of view version in the history to revert to. (CSD G10).

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 * I've deleted your userpage, as it served to personally attack a person. Please read WP:USERPAGE and make sure you understand what is permissible on a user page. Thank you, Master of Puppets   Call me MoP! ☺  20:21, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

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A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Ibbyiyama.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Kelly hi! 10:17, 6 October 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ibby


text: User talk:84.69.115.153

title: User talk:84.69.115.153


text:
Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist)

Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist) is a political party in Sri Lanka. The party surged in 1964 following a split in the Ceylon Communist Party. Initially the party just called itself 'Ceylon Communist Party' as well, and was distinguished from the main CCP in Sri Lanka by denominations like 'Ceylon Communist Party (Peking Wing)', etc. In the end of the 1960s the party was one of the major leftist parties in the country. Initially Party was led by Premalal Kumarasiri and N. Shanmugathasan.

Background
In June 1963, K.A. Subramaniam and D.B. Alwis have signed an agreement with All-China Youth Federation on behalf of the Ceylon Federation of Communist and Progressive Youth Leagues for cooperation between the two organizations. They met China's vice premier and foreign minister Chen Yi during this trip to the People's Republic of China in 1963.

Initial Organising Committee
The Organising Committee as on November 17, 1963 consisting of Premalal Kumarasiri, N. Sanmugathasan, D. N. Nadunge, D. K. D. Jinendrapala, Higgoda Dharmasena, K. Manickavasagar, N. L. Perera, K. Wimalapala, K. Kulaveerasingham, W. S. de Siriwardene, A. D. Charleshamy, Watson Fernando, W. A. Dharmadasa, S. M. Wickremasinghe, A. Jayasuriya, D. A. Gunasekera, Cyril Kulatunge, Victor Silva, K.A. Subramaniam, Susima, K. V. Krishnakutty, S. Janapriya, Kanti Abeyasekere, E. T. Moorthy, Dharmadasa Jayakoddy, H. G. A. de Silva, S. M. P. de Silva, H. M. P. Mohideen, D. M. J. Abeyagunewardene, O. A. Ramiah, D. B. Alwis, C. S. Manohar, S. Sivadasan, Samarasiri de Silva and P. Wijayatileke.

Founding
CPP founded in 1964. Premalal Kumarasiri received the Zhou Enlai, first Premier of the People's Republic of China, on behalf of the Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist) when Zhou visited Sri Lanka in 1964.

Early years and first splits
In 1964, Rohana Wijeweera became a functionary of the Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist). Soon he was at odds with party leaders and impatient with their lack of revolutionary purpose and formed his own movement on 14 May 1965 after a discussion with like minded youth. It became known as the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna or JVP. Subsequently, the “Peradiga Sulanga” (Broad Wind) team led by Gamini Yapa also left the Party.

In 1965, W. A. Dharmadasa returned to the Ceylon Communist Party. He was actively working for Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist) in Tamil speaking areas also.

Representation in the Parliament
From 1965 to 1970 S. D. Bandaranayake was representing Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist) views in the parliament. During the struggles in the North against caste oppression and untouchability, he spoke in support of the struggles in parliament as well as visited the north with N. Shanmugathasan and K. A. Subramaniam to personally express solidarity with the struggling masses.

In 1966 S. D. Bandaranayake questioned in the parliament regarding the mass uprising procession held from Chunnakam on 21 October 1966 to protest the caste oppression. Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist) took the decision to carry forward the struggle and to conduct the procession in defiance of the ban by the police, this gave revolutionary enthusiasm to all the fronts of the Party. The blow struck on the procession opposing casteism in Chunnakam on 21 October 1966, many cadres were brutally assaulted by the police and received bleeding injuries.

S. D. Bandaranayake, D. K. D. Jinendrapala, and Watson Fernando were arrested on 1 May 1969 in Colombo when the UNP Government banned the May Day rally. The Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist) key leaders were brutally assaulted and arrested by the Police in Jaffna. Among them K.A. Subramaniam bed ridden for months at the residence of N. Sanmugathasan for treatment. S. D. Bandaranayake questioned in the parliament regarding these atrocities against the mass rally held in Jaffna on 1 May 1969 to protest the ban.

1970s
In 1972, some cadres criticized the party leader N. Shanmugathasan's opposition to the United Front government, arguing that UF was a 'progressive force'. Whilst the party leader N. Shanmugathasan was abroad in Albania in April 1972, D. N. Nadunge, Watson Fernando, E. T. Moorthy, D. A. Gunasekara and V.A. Kandasamy tried to seize control over the party. This faction regrouped and at a meeting on November 12, 1972 it took the name Communist Party of Sri Lanka (Marxist-Leninist). They sought to bring the Maoist movement closer to the UF orbit, but this faction remained a minor group compared to N. Shanmugathasan's Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist) which had the strong support from Samal De Silva, Kanti Abeyasekere and K.A. Subramaniam.

Following the death of Mao Zedong and the take-over in China by Deng Xiaoping, the party strongly denounced the new line of the Chinese leadership. In 1978, Party, led by N. Sanmugathasan, issued a public statement in defiance of the decision of the Central Committee not to accept the decision of the Tamil's self-determination and reject the Three Worlds Theory. This decision led to a split with Tamil self-determination and TWT defenders, and many, including Samal De Silva, K.A. Subramaniam, S. K. Senthivel, S. D. Bandaranayake left the party and formed a new political party called the Communist Party of Sri Lanka (Left).

1980s onwards
The party regrouped internationally amongst those who reaffirmed Maoism, and was one of the signatories of the founding declaration of the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement.

In 1991 a conference was held which reconstructed it as 'Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist)'. N. Sanmugathasan led the party until his death in 1993.

International affiliations
The party already maintained strong connections with China in the era of Mao Zedong. Following the beginning of the Naxalite insurgency, CCP supported the CPI (M-L) by working as the liaison point between the Naxalites and China. Ajith Rupasinghe Surendra was affiliated the pro-Democracy factions in the Nepalese Civil War. Party was a member of the former Revolutionary Internationalist Movement.

title: Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist)


text:
River Sprint

The River Sprint is a river in Cumbria, England with its source high up on the south-facing side of Harter Fell. It flows into the River Kent just to the south of Burneside.

The first two miles of the river is made up of a series of short flat sections interspersed by spectacular water falls, before it enters Longsleddale valley. When in Longsleddale, it begins to get wider as it is fed by a large number of streams (known as becks; a term derived from Old Norse).

The River Sprint is the fastest rising river in England, and frequently floods in Longsleddale valley, making the road impassable. The river is spectacular at times of high flow, and is popular with canoeists and fishermen.

Industry
The river powered mills from medieval times to the twentieth century There were mills at Garnett Bridge and downstream at Sprint Mill near Burneside.

Ecology
Like other tributaries of the Kent, the Sprint is a stronghold of the white clawed crayfish, one of the reasons for the designation of these rivers as a Special Area of Conservation underpinned by SSSI status.

The water quality of the Sprint has been adversely affected by degraded peatland in its headwaters. The erosion of the peat is thought to have been caused by heavy grazing in the past. The Environment Agency’s Catchment Restoration Fund has funded a project to improve the water quality and alleviate flooding as part of a wider initiative called the "Source to Sea Programme". This involves restoration of peatlands in the catchment areas of rivers feeding into Morecambe Bay, including a site called Borrowdale Moss where water from blanket bogs feeds into the Kent catchment via the Sprint and also into the neighbouring Lune catchment.

title: River Sprint


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Form excludes the content

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 16:26, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Form excludes the content
delete original research --Trovatore 14:42, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete OR as per nom. Puffs of smoke are insufficiently complex to express ideas on the nature of existence - patently untrue!  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   15:23, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as total crap. --Apyule 04:29, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete junk --Rogerd 12:02, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as unencyclopedic and unsalvageable. MCB 00:36, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Spankthecrumpet/Twelve Steps

Twelve Steps to giving up vandalism

 * 1) Admit that you are powerless over your addiction to vandalism
 * 2) Believe that a higher power (an admin, Jimmy Wales, or even a respected user) can restore you to making useful edits
 * 3) Make a decision to turn your will and wikilife to this higher power
 * 4) Make a searching and fearless inventory of your morality and knowledge
 * 5) Admit all your previous acts of vandalism to the higher power
 * 6) Become ready to have the higher power to forgive you
 * 7) Humbly ask the higher power to forgive your vandalism
 * 8) Make a list of all users whose user pages that you have vandalised, and become willing to make amends
 * 9) Make amends to these users where it will not do more harm than good to them or others
 * 10) Continue with making your personal inventory, and when wrong promptly admit it
 * 11) Continue to ask advice of the wikipedia community and your mentor when you need it
 * 12) Spread the word to other vandals that you know in real life, in the hope that they cease their vandalism.

title: User:Spankthecrumpet/Twelve Steps


text: User talk:84.13.34.222

title: User talk:84.13.34.222


text:
User:Zeroverse

Websites I visit often

 * http://ronpaul2008.com - Ron Paul 2008
 * http://slashdot.org - News for Nerds
 * http://digg.com - Newer news for nerds
 * http://wired.com - Easy reading
 * http://kurzweilai.net - Interesting Science
 * http://php.net - A php developer must have
 * http://lp.org - Libertarian Party Info
 * http://lewrockwell.com - Best Libertarian slanted news site on the web
 * http://news.bbc.co.uk - pretty unbiased international news
 * http://news.google.com - a good glimpse of what everyone else cars about
 * http://en.wikipedia.org - awesome for research (at least starting it)
 * http://drupal.org - a developer's dream framework. If you are starting a website or blog, use this!
 * http://economist.com - best news commentary EVER with a sweet British twist of sardonisism
 * http://wsj.com - awesome, well written news for capitalist pigs like me
 * http://www.mininova.org - Best torrent site

title: User:Zeroverse


text:
Ayodhya division

Ayodhya division (formerly Faizabad division) is one of the 18 administrative geographical units (i.e. division) of the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Ayodhya city is the administrative headquarters of the division. The government of Uttar Pradesh approved the renaming of the Faizabad division to Ayodhya division in November 2018.

The division currently consists of the following 5 districts:-
 * Ambedkar Nagar
 * Amethi
 * Barabanki
 * Ayodhya
 * Sultanpur

Demographics
The 2011 census did not use the new organisation. The districts at the time consisted of Barabanki, Faizabad (now called Ayodhya), Ambedkar Nagar, and Sultanpur. The latter had different sub-districts than now.

title: Ayodhya division


text:
Syntegra

Syntegra is a bogie developed by Siemens incorporating an axle mounted gearless electric drive in an inboard bogie.

The design was unveiled at Innotrans in 2006, and began service trials in 2008 on the Munich U-Bahn.

History and design
The motor design is a hermetically sealed simple co-axial gearless synchronous motor (a permanent magnet, three phase drive, passively cooled design); the motors can also be used for electrical dynamic braking, and also as an active electric brake. The wheelset bearings are mounted inboard and support both motor, axles and wheel. A traction link from motor to the vehicle frame transmits tractive forces.

The bogie frame has a single central cross member which supports via pivots two longitudinal beams (in a 'weighing scale' arrangement) connected to the wheelset via the primary suspension. The cross member supports the vehicle body via the secondary suspension of two outboard air springs.

In mid-2006 prototype motors rated 110 kW, with claimed 96% efficiency, were fitted to an ex-Munich U-Bahn vehicle for testing at the Wegberg-Wildenrath test circuit. In 2008 a train fitted with two Syntegra bogies began in-service tests on the Munich U-Bahn.

A 150 kW prototype was displayed at Innotrans (2009), the prototype bogie weight was 5.6 t, with a 1.6 m wheelbase and a maximum axleload of 14 t.

title: Syntegra


text:
Allahabad Bank

Allahabad Bank was an Indian nationalised bank with its headquarters in Kolkata, India. Founded in Allahabad in 1865 and nationalized by the government of India in 1969, the bank provided banking and financial services for 155 years until it was merged with Indian Bank in 2020. It was the oldest still running joint stock bank in India until its merger.

, Allahabad Bank had over 3245 branches across India. The bank did a total business of ₹3.8 trillion during the FY 2017–18. The bank's market capitalisation was US$573 million and ranked #1,882 on the Forbes Global 2000 list.

19th century
On 24 April 1865, founded Allahabad Bank in Allahabad. By the end of the 19th century it had branches at Jhansi, Kanpur, Lucknow, Bareilly, Nainital, Calcutta, and Delhi.

20th century
In the early 20th century, with the start of Swadeshi movement, Allahabad Bank witnessed a spurt in deposits. In 1920, P & O Banking Corporation acquired Allahabad Bank with a bid price of inr 436 per share. In 1923 the bank moved its head office and the registered office to Calcutta for reasons of both operational convenience and business opportunities. Then in 1927 Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China (Chartered Bank) acquired P&O Bank. However, Chartered Bank continued to operate Allahabad Bank as a separate entity.

Allahabad Bank opened a branch in Rangoon (Yangon). At some point, Chartered Bank amalgamated Allahabad Bank's branch in Rangoon with its own. In 1963 the revolutionary government in Burma nationalized the Chartered Bank's operations there, which became People's Bank No. 2.

On 19 July 1969, the Indian government nationalised Allahabad Bank, along with 13 other banks.

In October 1989, Allahabad Bank acquired United Industrial Bank, a Calcutta-based bank that had been established in 1940 and that brought with it 145 branches. Two years later, Allahabad Bank established AllBank Finance Ltd, a wholly owned merchant banking subsidiary.

21st century
Its older logo, a monogram consisting of "A" and "B", was replaced by the current 'Triveni Sangam' logo circa 1997.

The government's ownership of Allahabad Bank shrank in October 2002 after the bank engaged in an initial public offering (IPO) of inr 100000000 of shares, each with a face value ₹10. The IPO reduced the Government's shareholding to 71.16%. Then in April 2005 the bank conducted a second public offering of ₹100 million shares, each with a face value ₹10 and selling at a premium of ₹72. This offering reduced the Government's ownership to 55.23%.

In June 2006, the bank opened its first office outside India when it opened a representative office in Shenzhen, Mainland China. In February 2007, Allahabad Bank opened its first overseas branch, in Hong Kong. In March, the bank's business crossed the ₹10 million mark.

On 30 August 2019, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced that Allahabad Bank would merge with Indian Bank. The merger would create the seventh largest public sector bank in the country with assets of inr 8080000000000. The Union Cabinet approved the merger on 4 March 2020. Indian Bank assumed control of Allahabad Bank on 1 April 2020.

Listings and shareholding
Allahabad Bank's equity shares were listed on Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India.

Employees
, the bank had 22,557 employees, out of which 3,293 were women (15%). Out of the total employees, 51% were officers, 30% were clerks and the remaining 19% were subordinate staff. The bank recruited 1,950 employees (1,421 Officers, 390 Clerks and 139 subordinate staff) during the same financial year. The company incurred ₹20 billion on employee benefit expenses during the same financial year. During the FY 2013–14, the business per employee was ₹13.50 million and it earned a net profit of ₹0.477 million per employee.

The bank was operating in the following states/UTs.

 * Andaman And Nicobar Island
 * Andhra Pradesh
 * Arunachal Pradesh
 * Assam
 * Bihar
 * Chandigarh
 * Chhattisgarh
 * Delhi
 * Goa
 * Gujarat
 * Haryana
 * Himachal Pradesh
 * Jammu And Kashmir
 * Jharkhand
 * Karnataka
 * Kerala
 * Madhya Pradesh
 * Maharashtra
 * Manipur
 * Meghalaya
 * Nagaland
 * Odisha
 * Puducherry
 * Punjab
 * Rajasthan
 * Sikkim
 * Tamil Nadu
 * Telangana
 * Tripura
 * Uttar Pradesh
 * Uttarakhand
 * West Bengal

Scams
On 13 July 2019, Allahabad Bank disclosed that it detected a fraud, worth inr 17748200000 by Bhushan Power & Steel (BPSL).

The bank also detected another fraud of inr 6882700000 by SEL Manufacturing Ltd., a Ludhiana-based textile company on 17 July 2019.

title: Allahabad Bank


text:
The 48 Laws of Power

The 48 Laws of Power (1998) is a self-help book by American author Robert Greene. The book is a New York Times bestseller, selling over 1.2 million copies in the United States.

Background
Greene initially formulated some of the ideas in The 48 Laws of Power while working as a writer in Hollywood and concluding that today's power elite shared similar traits with powerful figures throughout history. In 1995, Greene worked as a writer at Fabrica, an art and media school, and met a book packager named Joost Elffers. Greene pitched a book about power to Elffers and six months later, Elffers requested that Greene write a treatment.

Although Greene was quite unhappy in his job, he was comfortable and thought that writing a proper book proposal was too risky in his situation. However, at the time Greene was rereading his favorite biography about Julius Caesar and took inspiration from Caesar's decision to cross the Rubicon River and fight Pompey, thus inciting Caesar's civil war. Greene wrote the treatment, which would later become The 48 Laws of Power. He would note this as the turning point of his life.

Critics and scholars
Carol Kennedy, writing in Director magazine, states "some of Greene's 'laws' seem contradictory" and the work is "plodding and didactic". Jerry Adler, writing in Newsweek, lists ways the laws contradict one another and states, "Intending the opposite, Greene has actually produced one of the best arguments since the New Testament for humility and obscurity." Kirkus Reviews said Greene offers no evidence to support his world view, that his laws contradict each other, and that the book is "simply nonsense".

The 48 Laws of Power has been studied at Millsaps College, and Ramapo College. Jeffrey Pfeffer of Stanford University said that Greene's so-called laws are based on isolated examples, and not on solid research.

Popularity
The 48 Laws of Power has sold over 1.3 million copies in the United States and has been translated into 24 languages. Fast Company called the book a "mega cult classic", and the Los Angeles Times noted that The 48 Laws of Power turned Greene into a "cult hero with the hip-hop set, Hollywood elite and prison inmates alike".

The book has been reported to be much requested in American prison libraries. Rapper 50 Cent stated that he related to the book "immediately", and approached Greene with the prospect of a potential collaboration, which would later become The 50th Law, another New York Times bestseller. Busta Rhymes and Derrius Jackson used The 48 Laws of Power to deal with problematic movie producers. The 48 Laws of Power has also been mentioned in songs by UGK, Jay Z, Kanye West, Central Cee, MF DOOM, and Drake. Dov Charney, founder and former CEO of American Apparel who would be terminated by that company in 2014, frequently quoted the laws during board meetings, has given friends and employees copies of the book, and appointed Greene to the board of the now defunct American Apparel. Former Cuban President Fidel Castro is also claimed by the book's author to have read the book. The book has been banned by several US prisons.

The 48 Laws of Power has been referenced, or bought by 50 Cent, Jay-Z, Busta Rhymes, Michael Jackson (who wrote in the margins ), Courtney Love (who was photographed carrying it on the way to court when facing a drug charge ) and Will Smith.

title: The 48 Laws of Power


text:
William C. Friday

William Clyde Friday (July 13, 1920 – October 12, 2012) was an American educator who served as the head of the University of North Carolina system from 1956 to 1986. He was born in Raphine, Virginia and raised in Dallas, North Carolina.

Friday graduated from Dallas High School in Dallas, North Carolina, where he played baseball and basketball. He held a bachelor's degree in textile manufacturing from North Carolina State University and a law degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. While attending NCSU, Friday was elected president of the senior class of 1941. He was a member of Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity. Friday served in the United States Navy Reserve during World War II.

His entire professional life was spent in higher education. Friday was assistant dean of students at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1948 to 1951, assistant to the President of the Consolidated University of North Carolina Gordon Gray from 1951 to 1955, then Secretary of the University of North Carolina system, and acting president of the system from 1956 to 1957, when he was named as permanent president. Friday would remain in this position until retiring in 1986.

Friday was the founding co-chairman of the Knight Foundation Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics and served in this role from 1989 to 2005.

After retirement, Friday remained an influential voice in North Carolina and hosted North Carolina People a talk show on the UNC-TV public television network, which he began while still president of the UNC system. In 2012, the show began its 42nd season. When Friday endorsed Erskine Bowles as the new president of the University in 2006, it was seen as helping "seal the deal" for Bowles to get the post.

Several educational institutions, or units of larger institutions, are named in Friday's honor. William C. Friday Middle School is located in Dallas, in Gaston County, Friday's home county. The William and Ida Friday Institute for Educational Innovation is located on the campus of North Carolina State University at Raleigh. The William and Ida Friday Center for Continuing Education is located on the campus of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He died in his sleep on October 12, 2012, UNC's University Day, aged 92. He is buried at the Old Chapel Hill Cemetery in Chapel Hill.

title: William C. Friday


text:
Ringleader of the Tormentors

Ringleader of the Tormentors is the eighth studio album by English alternative rock singer Morrissey. It was released on 3 April 2006 by record label Attack. The album was described as showcasing "a thicker, more rock-driven sound", which Morrissey attributed to new guitarist Jesse Tobias.

The album debuted at number 1 in the UK Albums Chart and number 27 in the US, and also reached number 1 in Sweden, Malta, and Greece.

Recording and production
Recording for the album commenced in late August 2005 in Rome, Italy. Mixing began in late October 2005. Originally Morrissey was to record the album with producer Jeff Saltzman, however, he could not undertake the project.

Producer Tony Visconti, of T. Rex and David Bowie fame, took over the production role and Morrissey announced that Ringleader of the Tormentors is to be "the most beautiful—perhaps the most gentle—so far". Visconti wrote on his website:

We have been working on the music and each day it just sounds better and better. I find every musician in the band a joy to work with. Morrissey's vocals are passionate and confident. Right now I'm at the mixing stage and most of the musicians have gone home. I am two-thirds of the way through one of the best albums I've ever worked on, with not only Morrissey at his best, but the plot has twists and turns which somehow involve film composer Ennio Morricone and an Italian children's choir. That should whet your appetite, you Moz fans, you!"

The musicians recording with Morrissey in Rome were Alain Whyte, Boz Boorer, Jesse Tobias, Gary Day, Michael Farrell and Matt Chamberlain. Chamberlain replaced Dean Butterworth, who decided to continue drumming for the band Good Charlotte. Marco Origel, from the San Francisco area, handled engineering on the album.

Release
The album's opening track, "I Will See You in Far-off Places", was leaked on the internet on 2 February 2006.

"In the Future When All's Well" received some airplay in the United States on alternative rock radio.

Ringleader of the Tormentors was released on 3 April 2006. It became Morrissey's third number 1 album on the UK Albums Chart, selling 62,000 copies in its first week of release in the UK. It was also the first British album charting to include download sales, 1,200 of which were full album downloads of Ringleader of the Tormentors. The album peaked in its debut week at number 27 on the Billboard 200 in the U.S., and according to Nielsen SoundScan, has sold 98,000 in the U.S. as of August 2008.

Reception
Ringleader of the Tormentors received positive reviews from most critics. According to critic review aggregator Metacritic, the album received an average review score of 75/100, based on 34 critical reviews, indicating "Generally favorable reviews". Andy Gill of The Independent wrote "Musically, it's both tougher and lusher than You Are the Quarry, with proper orchestrations replacing that album's nasty synthetic strings." Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic wrote "it's easy to enjoy Ringleader of the Tormentors as merely an everyday Morrissey record, but it's hard not to shake the suspicion that this album is the closest he's ever been to forgettable."

Personnel

 * Morrissey – vocals
 * Alain Whyte – guitar, backing vocals
 * Boz Boorer – guitar
 * Jesse Tobias – guitar
 * Gary Day – bass guitar
 * Matt Chamberlain – drums
 * Michael Farrell – piano, organ, keyboards, trumpet, trombone, percussion

Additional personnel
 * Ennio Morricone – string arrangement on "Dear God Please Help Me"

Children's choir on "The Youngest Was the Most Loved", "The Father Who Must Be Killed" and "At Last I Am Born"
 * Laura Adriani
 * Gaia e Andrea Baroni
 * Niccolo Centioni
 * Julia D'Andrea
 * Alice e Ester Diodovich
 * Marco Lorecchio
 * Charlotte Patrignani

title: Ringleader of the Tormentors


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/BeOS Workstation

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE AlistairMcMillan 15:56, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

BeOS Workstation
This article, along with LinOS and KoGee Computing is part of a series of incoherent articles about non-existant projects and/or companies. None of them are true, none of them have any encyclopedic merit. It should be noted that the Robert Wheeler in question does not have a great reputation, despite the claims of the company being 'known' for something. Kiand 14:49, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. BeOS is a real OS, but this article is pure crud. linas 23:38, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom --Apyule 04:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom --Rogerd 12:03, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Pavel Vozenilek 00:36, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per non AlistairMcMillan 08:34, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom — Wackymacs 18:02, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Ayodhya division

Name changed
Name of division is Ayodhya. not Faizabad. Name of District and Division is Ayodhya. Currently Faizabad is small town of Ayodhya District.

Please correct it and provide right information to users. S.P.Verma (talk) 20:00, 17 February 2020 (UTC)

 * This is the English Wikipedia, and our articles are based on the common name in English as per the article title, not the official name. This name should be used throughout the article, other than a brief mention of the official name. We may, eventually, change the name, as we did at Mumbai, after about 10 years, but other articles, such as Bangalore are still under their "English" names, as this is what English readers recognize. - Thank you - Arjayay (talk) 20:05, 17 February 2020 (UTC)

Bangalore is common name, it is true because their is only spelling change (now Bengaluru). But here Faizabad division is not any common name. Ayodhya division is the common and famous name. I have checked it, i found that Ayodhya division is more famous and popular name. That's why you can change this Wikipedia's title name as Ayodhya division. Ayodhya-prayagraj (talk) 05:53, 16 October 2022 (UTC)

Category renaming discussion
An editor has proposed renaming Category:Faizabad division to Category:Ayodhya division. See Categories for discussion/Log/2020 June 20 -- Toddy1 (talk) 12:42, 20 June 2020 (UTC)

Requested move 6 September 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: (non-admin closure) NO CONSENSUS User:力 (power~enwiki, π,  ν ) 22:20, 26 September 2021 (UTC)

With the socking and the WP:ARBIPA issues, the only thing clear here is that consensus has not been found; it will be easier to find consensus through a new proposal than by keeping this one open. User:力 (power~enwiki, π,  ν ) 22:20, 26 September 2021 (UTC)

Faizabad division → Ayodhya division – Google Search engine results are very close to both names, like for "faizabad division" it is around 11,50,000 and for "ayodhya division" 10,90,000. So if we consider "news" sections results, we can clearly see the difference in common name, for "faizabad division" it is around 4000 but for "ayodhya division" it is around 20000. so clearly we can see what should be the article's title according to WP:COMMONNAME. Uttarpradeshi (talk) 18:00, 6 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Support one little update to my above data, i have checked recently the random search results again, so for "faizabad division" it is now 11,00,000 and for "ayodhya division" it is 11,30,000. so now my above argument is more strong that common is "ayodhya division". thank you. Uttarpradeshi (talk) 09:23, 7 September 2021 (UTC)

 * SUPPORT Found extensive coverage by major news outlets with the term "Ayodhya Division" used. Quoting WP:NAMECHANGES directly, "If the reliable sources written after the change is announced routinely use the new name, Wikipedia should follow suit and change relevant titles to match."

Times of India: https://m.timesofindia.com/city/lucknow/maurya-opens-996-projects-of-rs-1500cr-in-ayodhya-div/amp_articleshow/84188071.cms

Hindustan Times: https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/300-oxygen-plants-coming-up-in-state-says-up-cm-101620673639897-amp.html

The Week: https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2021/07/08/will-build-roads-in-the-name-of-slain-ayodhya-kar-sevaks-says-up-dy-cm.amp.html

The Hindu: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kartik-purnima-devotees-take-holy-dip-amid-high-security-in-ayodhya/article29951221.ece/amp/

The Pioneer: https://www.dailypioneer.com/2021/state-editions/cm-yogi-assessing-covid-situation-from-ground-zero.html

Outlook: https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/amp/authorities-set-to-give-ayodhya-complete-makeover-after-sc-verdict-in-favour-of-ram-temple/1661492

NDTV: https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ram-temple-trust-to-have-office-in-delhis-greater-kailash-2175606?amp=1&akamai-rum=off

Official government websites already state it as Ayodhya Division, for example: https://ayodhya.nic.in/ Hindian1947 (talk) 13:35, 7 September 2021 (UTC)

India TV News: https://www.indiatvnews.com/amp/news/india/ayodhya-complete-makeover-resorts-five-star-hotel-airport-ram-temple-563415

Tribune India: https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/post-verdict-ayodhya-all-set-for-massive-makeover-128

WION: https://www.wionews.com/india-news/law-and-order-improved-under-bjp-says-pm-modi-in-ayodhya-ahead-of-fifth-phase-of-polls-214984/amp

- Hindian1947 (talk) 05:55, 11 September 2021 (UTC) *@TheBirdsShedTears there are around 20000 news section results for "ayodhya division" and only 4000 results for "faizabad division" which clearly shows that "ayodhya division" is the common name per WP:COMMONNAME Uttarpradeshi (talk) 06:35, 12 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose the provided sources on talk page do not discuss the subject. They talk about Ayodhya than Ayodhya division. There seems a lot of political controversies about renaming, which needs good sourcing to support the page renaming. The lead section should be updated as "Faizabad division, officially known as Ayodhya division, is an administrative geographical unit" than renaming. WP:COMMONNAME reads Wikipedia does not necessarily use the subject's "official" name as an article title; it generally prefers the name that is most commonly used (as determined by its prevalence in a significant majority of independent, reliable English-language sources) as such names will usually best fit the five criteria. (See Allahabad). TheBirdsShedTears (talk) 11:57, 11 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Note: Please hold until the SPI is closed — DaxServer (talk to me) 09:50, 14 September 2021 (UTC)

Uttarpradeshi (talk) 10:16, 14 September 2021 (UTC)

*Support as per Hindian1947. Hindu108 (talk) 06:42, 15 September 2021 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Requested move 29 September 2021
Faizabad division → Ayodhya division – Proposed Name complies to WP:COMMONNAME SonalMehta06 (talk) 10:40, 29 September 2021 (UTC)
 * ❌ - the last discussion about this closed only 3 days ago - Arjayay (talk) 11:06, 29 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Please read the closure notice again, it clearly mention that "it will be easier to find consensus through a new proposal". so a new proposal should be considered as the extension of the older one, as requested by the closing user. SonalMehta06 (talk) 16:13, 29 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes, the intent of the close was to be with no prejudice against speedy re-nomination. User:力 (power~enwiki, π,  ν ) 21:39, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 29 September 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Closing this per the discussion at Talk:Faizabad district. The moratorium there (ending 22 September 2022) applies to this article as well. Editors are advised that all Faizabad --> Ayodhya moves should be listed together after that date.--RegentsPark (comment) 12:13, 13 October 2021 (UTC) RegentsPark (comment) 12:13, 13 October 2021 (UTC)

Faizabad division → Ayodhya division – Proposed Name complies to WP:COMMONNAME SonalMehta06 (talk) 16:15, 29 September 2021 (UTC) — Relisting. Havelock Jones (talk) 10:33, 13 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Comment This is an administrative subdivision of Uttar Pradesh; Faizabad and Ayodhya are neighboring cities in this province.  The subdivision was renamed in 2018:  .  Many name changes in India are controversial due to religious or linguistic issues. User:力 (power~enwiki,  π,  ν ) 21:46, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Requested move 5 May 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. Unopposed proposal; participants pointed out that this update would be WP:CONSISTENT with the recent move of Faizabad district to Ayodhya district. (non-admin closure) ModernDayTrilobite (talk • contribs) 14:59, 12 May 2023 (UTC)

Faizabad division → Ayodhya division – Ayodhya division is the common and official name of this administrative division in Uttar Prades. Please change the name of Faizabad division as Ayodhya division. Bikapur (talk) 07:02, 5 May 2023 (UTC)

I support Ayodhya division: On 13 November 2018, the government renamed Faizabad and Allahabad division as Ayodhya and Prayagraj division. In today's time both Prayagraj and Ayodhya division are common and official name. The names Prayagraj and Ayodhya are being used in news, government papers and even in foreign media. You have changed the name of Allahabad division to Prayagraj division few days ago. That's why you should soon change the name of Faizabad division to Ayodhya division. Bikapur (talk) 16:17, 7 May 2023 (UTC)
 * https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/up-cabinet-approves-renaming-of-faizabad-as-ayodhya-allahabad-as-prayagraj/amp_articleshow/66604547.cms#appDwnldBanner
 * This is the news of November 2018 about the name change of Faizabad and Allahabad division as Ayodhya division and Prayagraj division. Bikapur (talk) 16:28, 7 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Support yes, i agree. Ayodhya division is common name now. And also Faizabad district is already moved to Ayodhya district so it's better to move it too. Rahil1610 (talk) 01:40, 6 May 2023 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Support: Since corresponding district article has already been updated to current name after discussion; no need to continue showing wrong name of administrative division anymore. Should be updated to current name as soon as possible.–JayB91 (talk) 03:22, 8 May 2023 (UTC)
 * When Faizabad district is changed to Ayodhya district then why not Faizabad division to Ayodhya division. Rahil1610 (talk) 09:23, 9 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes agree; that's what I wanted to say since Faizabad district has already been updated after discussion to Ayodhya district hence no use of keeping the incorrect name of "Faizabad division" anymore and it should be updated to Ayodhya division.–JayB91 (talk) 18:07, 9 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Because the proposal at Talk:Faizabad district was to move Faizabad district. The proposer could have made a proposal to move many articles whose title was "Faizabad ..." but chose not to.  If you read The Old Man and his Sons you will maybe understand why he/she made the choice he did. -- Toddy1 (talk) 10:15, 9 May 2023 (UTC)
 * sir please don't start any useless talks. Please change the title name of this Wikipedia page as Ayodhya division as soon as you see my message. Thank you. 2402:3A80:666:16DE:B31:1DB5:254B:AC4F (talk) 23:19, 9 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ayodhya division


text:
Talk:Brent Seabrook

Place of birth
Article states Tsawwassen and they said Tsawwassen on HNIC tonight, but infobox says Richmond, as do TSN and other bio links. Which is it? --Makaristos (talk) 00:47, 23 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Being from Tsawwassen as well, I can tell you that there are no hospitals in

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title: Talk:Brent Seabrook


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/LinOS

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE AlistairMcMillan 15:56, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

LinOS
This article, along with BeOS Workstation and KoGee Computing is part of a series of incoherent articles about non-existant projects and/or companies. None of them are true, none of them have any encyclopedic merit. It should be noted that the Robert Wheeler in question does not have a great reputation, despite the claims of the company being 'known' for something. Kiand 14:51, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — Wackymacs 16:37, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Utterly non-notable non-hack. linas 23:43, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom --Apyule 04:38, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom --Rogerd 12:04, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom AlistairMcMillan 08:35, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/LinOS


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/KoGee Computing

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. AlistairMcMillan 15:54, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

KoGee Computing
This article, along with LinOS and BeOS Workstation is part of a series of incoherent articles about non-existant projects and/or companies. None of them are true, none of them have any encyclopedic merit. It should be noted that the Robert Wheeler in question does not have a great reputation, despite the claims of the company being 'known' for something. Kiand 14:52, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Oh pleez, the company's president works at another computer store, and is known for hacks, cracks, and reverse engineering? Bzzzt. linas 23:41, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom --Apyule 04:33, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom --Rogerd 12:03, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom AlistairMcMillan 08:35, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom — Wackymacs 18:03, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Olympe Audouard

Olympe Audouard (March 13, 1832 – January 12, 1890) was a French feminist who demanded complete equality for women, including the rights to vote and to stand for election.

Born in Marseille as Félicité-Olympe de Jouval, she married on April 11, 1850 the lawyer Henri-Alexis Audouard (b. May 2, 1829). The couple separated in 1858, but was divorced only in 1885, shortly after the French divorce law (the "loi Naquet") had finally been passed on July 27, 1884. Audouard was the founder of the newspaper Le Papillon, one of only two feminist newspapers in France that supported Naquet's divorce laws.

Selected works

 * Audouard, Olympe (1867). L'Orient et ses peuplades. Paris: E. Dentu.

title: Olympe Audouard


text:
Talk:Gorakhpur division

Why does this article have/reference Railways in Bihar navbox...
Gorakhpur District does border Bihar State. And certainly has a commonly used border point to Nepal for people using Bihar Railway. Alas, nothing to do with Bihar it is nevertheless in Uttar Pradesh as the article states. Template should be removed and see no article/template for Railways in Uttar Pradesh unfortunately. 80.5.219.60 (talk) 10:53, 23 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gorakhpur division


text:
Ichiwa-kai

The Ichiwa-kai (一和会) was a yakuza gang based in Osaka, Japan.

It was formed on June 13, 1984 when Hiroshi Yamamoto, a top lieutenant in the Yamaguchi-gumi, broke from that gang to form his own organization with over 10,000 members. The split stemmed from professional jealousy: Yamamoto had been seen as a contender for the role of kumicho, or Godfather, in the Yamaguchi-gumi, and was enraged when a rival, Masahisa Takenaka, was chosen.

In 1985, the Ichiwa-kai faction sent a team of hitmen to assassinate Takenaka at his mistress's home in Suita, Osaka. The killing of the Yamaguchi Godfather sparked a Kansai-wide yakuza war between the two groups in which over 20 gangsters were killed. The Yamaguchi-gumi eventually won what became known as the Yama-Ichi War, but it proved to be a Pyrrhic victory as many of its members were arrested in the process.

Most of the Ichiwa-kai defectors were eventually allowed to return to the Yamaguchi-gumi.

Yamamoto retired, and the Ichiwa-kai dissolved in March, 1989.

title: Ichiwa-kai


text:
Transport and Logistics Centre

The Transport and Logistics Centre (TALC) is a national policy and practice research centre based in Sydney, Australia. Its prime objective is the building of capability in the transport and logistics sector in Australia.

The Transport and Logistics Centre was established in 2000. It acts as a "think tank" for new ideas in capability building in T&L. It also provides advice to the T&L industry in matters of workforce planning and skills development - especially mentoring, innovation and knowledge sharing. From 2007 TALC became a not-for-profit company limited by guarantee with the same mandate as before, but with a greater capacity to undertake flexible programmes and projects.

TALC is currently working with companies and unions and in T&L industry, and with the Commonwealth Department of Infrastructure and Transport, Infrastructure Australia, several industry associations including the state-based freight councils, AFIF, LAA, CILTA, SCLAA, ARTIO, VTA, APICS and AITPM; and with state agencies including the New South Wales RTA. TALC supports the research forum at the national SMART Conference. It also has a close working relationship in terms of research and field work with the Australian School of Business at the University of New South Wales, and the Workforce Futures Centre at Macquarie University.

Programmes
It has a range of programmes underway; the main ones are:

 * 1) Creation of two professional development accreditation programmes - Certified Transport Planner and Certified Professional Logistician
 * 2) Various awareness raising projects for schools across Australia to encourage young people to consider joining the transport and logistics industry as a career
 * 3) Research projects on request from Government - including analyses of collaborative infrastructure principles, and policy intermediation

title: Transport and Logistics Centre


text:
Category talk:Lists of musicians

Untitled
Er ... why does "Robin Thicke" have an entry in this list? Can I just remove it or does this have to go through some sort of committee? (Preceding comment by 24.36.88.68 - 14:57, October 9, 2005 (UTC) — Please sign your posts!)
 * Good point. No, no commitee is necessary, you did exactly the right thing by talking about it here (another good place would have been the talk page for Robin Thicke. I've removed Robin Thicke now. Cheers, Blackcap | talk 07:57, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Sub-categories
The category looked like it was getting a little out of hand, so I created two sub-categories: Category:Lists of musicians by nationality and Category:Lists of musicians by record or single chart. I think there should also be another sub-category for all the "list of acts that performed on so-and-so" entries. Maybe Category:Lists of musicians by performance venue. LeaHazel : talk : contribs 22:22, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

Rock & Roll have their heads up their asses. Where is Steppenwolf: Born to be Wild, It's never Too late, Snow Blind Friend, Magic Carpet Ride are some of thier anthems songs in case you ass holes don't remember. How come something like LL Cool J be in there and not Steppenwolf? It blows my mind. What about the Guess Who? The Associations? Black Sabbath, Yes? ....

title: Category talk:Lists of musicians


text:
Aphrahat

Aphrahat (c. 280–c. 345;, Ap̄rahaṭ ,, أفراهاط الحكيم, Ἀφραάτης, and Latin Aphraates), venerated as Saint Aphrahat the Persian, was a third-century Syriac Christian author of Iranian descent from the Sasanian Empire, who composed a series of twenty-three expositions or homilies on points of Christian doctrine and practice. All his known works, the Demonstrations, come from later on in his life. He was an ascetic and celibate, and was almost definitely a son of the covenant (an early Syriac form of communal monasticism). He may have been a bishop, and later Syriac tradition places him at the head of Mar Mattai Monastery near Mosul in what is now northern Iraq. He was a near contemporary to the slightly younger Ephrem the Syrian, but the latter lived within the sphere of the Roman Empire. Called the Persian Sage (, Ḥakkimā Pārsāyā), Aphrahat witnessed to the concerns of the early church beyond the eastern boundaries of the Roman Empire.

Life, history and identity
Aphrahat was born near the border of Roman Syria in Neo-Persian Iran around 280, during the rule of Sasanian Emperor Shapur II.

The name Aphrahat is the Syriac version of the Persian name Frahāt, which is the modern Persian Farhād (فرهاد). He might have had Persian Jewish ancestors. The author, who was known as "the Persian sage", came from a Zoroastrian family and may have himself been a convert from Zoroastrianism, though this appears to be later speculation. However, he tells us that he took the Christian name Jacob at his baptism, and is so entitled in the colophon to a manuscript of 512 which contains twelve of his homilies. Hence he was already confused with Jacob of Nisibis, by the time of Gennadius of Massilia (before 496), and the ancient Armenian version of nineteen of The Demonstrations has been published under this latter name. Thorough study of the Demonstrations makes identification with Jacob of Nisibis impossible. Aphrahat, being a Persian subject, cannot have lived at Nisibis, which became Persian only by Emperor Jovian's treaty of 363.

Furthermore, Jacob of Nisibis, who attended the First Council of Nicaea, died in 338, and from the internal evidence of Aphrahat's works he must have witnessed the beginning of the persecution of Christians in the early 340s by Shapur II. The persecutions arose out of political tensions between Rome and Persia, particularly the declaration of Constantine the Great that Rome should be a Christian empire. Shapur perhaps grew anxious that the largely Syriac and Armenian Christians within his Empire might secretly support Rome. There are elements in Aphrahat's writing that show great pastoral concern for his harried flock, caught in the midst of all this turmoil.

It is understood that his name was Aphrahat from comparatively late writers, such as Bar Bahlul (10th century), Elias of Nisibis (11th), Bar Hebraeus and Abdisho bar Berika. He appears to have been quite prominent in the Christian Church of the Persian Empire during the first half of the fourth century. George, bishop of the Arabs, writing in 714 to a friend who had sent him a series of questions about the "Persian sage", confesses ignorance of his name, home and rank, but gathers from his works that he was a monk, and of high esteem in the clergy. The fact that in 344 he was selected to draw up a circular letter from a council of bishops and other clergy to the churches of Ctesiphon and Seleucia and elsewhere (later to become Demonstration 14) is held by William Wright and others to prove that he was a bishop. According to a marginal note in a 14th-century manuscript (B.M. Orient. 1017), he was "bishop of Mar Mattai," a famous monastery near Mosul, but it is unlikely that this institution existed so early.

About "The Demonstrations"
Aphrahat's works are collectively called the Demonstrations, from the identical first word in each of their titles (, taḥwîṯâ). They are sometimes also known as "the homilies". There are twenty-three Demonstrations in all. Each work deals with a different item of faith or practice, and is a pastoral homily or exposition. According to Francis Crawford Burkitt, they are intended to form "a full and ordered exposition of the Christian faith." The standpoint is that of the Syriac-speaking church, before it was touched by the Arian controversy. Beginning with faith as the foundation, the writer proceeds to build up the structure of doctrine and duty.

The Demonstrations are works of prose, but frequently, Aphrahat employs a poetic rhythm and imagery to his writing. Each of the first twenty-two Demonstrations begins with each successive letter of the Syriac alphabet (of which there are twenty-two). The Demonstrations were not composed all at one time, but in three distinct periods. The first ten, composed in 337, concern themselves with Christian life and church order, and predate the persecutions. Demonstrations 11–22 were composed at the height of the persecution, in 344. Some of this group deal with matters as before, others focus on apocalyptic themes. However, four Demonstrations are concerned with Judaism. It appears that there was a movement within the Persian church by some either to become Jews or return to Judaism, or to incorporate Jewish elements into Christianity. Aphrahat makes his stand by explaining the meaning of the symbols of circumcision, Passover and Shabbat. The twenty-third Demonstration falls outside of the alphabetic system of the early works, and appears to be slightly later, perhaps near the end of Aphrahat's life. The twenty-third piece takes the symbolism of the grape, drawn from Isaiah chapter 65 and elsewhere, as its cue. It deals with the fulfillment of Messianic promise from Adam to Christ. Aphrahat never strays too far from the Bible in the Demonstrations: he is not given to philosophizing. All of his gospel quotations seem to be drawn from the Diatessaron, the gospel harmony that served the church at his time. Aphrahat's mode of biblical interpretation is strikingly similar to that of the Babylonian rabbinic academies of his day. His position within the church is indicated in Demonstration 14, in which Aphrahat appears to be writing a letter on behalf of his synod to the clergy of Persian capital, Ctesiphon-Seleucia on the Tigris.

In Demonstrations 5, Aphrahat dealt with eschatology. Concerning the beasts of Daniel 7, he identified the first beast as Babylon; the second, Media and Persia; the third, Alexander's Macedonian empire. The four heads of the leopard were the four successors of Alexander. The fourth beast appeared to include both the Macedonian successors of Alexander and the Roman emperors. Its horns he applied to the Seleucid kings down to Antiochus, whom he identified as the Little Horn.

Translations
The Demonstrations were originally composed in the Syriac language, but were quickly translated into other languages. The Armenian version, published by Antonelli in 1756 and containing only 19 homilies, circulated mistakenly under the name Jacob of Nisibis. Important versions in Georgian and Ge'ez exist. A few of the Demonstrations were translated into Arabic, but wrongly attributed to Ephrem the Syrian.

Order and subjects of The Demonstrations

 * 1) Demonstration on faith — Demonstrations 1–10 were probably written 336–7
 * 2) Demonstration on charity
 * 3) Demonstration on fasting
 * 4) Demonstration on prayer
 * 5) Demonstration on wars
 * 6) Demonstration on members of the covenant
 * 7) Demonstration on penitents
 * 8) Demonstration on resurrection
 * 9) Demonstration on humility
 * 10) Demonstration on pastors
 * 11) Demonstration on circumcision — Demonstrations 11–22 were probably written 344
 * 12) Demonstration on the Passover
 * 13) Demonstration on the Sabbath
 * 14) Demonstration on preaching
 * 15) Demonstration on various foods
 * 16) Demonstration on the call of the Gentiles
 * 17) Demonstration on Jesus the Messiah
 * 18) Demonstration on virginity
 * 19) Demonstration on the dispersion of Israel
 * 20) Demonstration on almsgiving
 * 21) Demonstration on persecution
 * 22) Demonstration on death and the last days
 * 23) Demonstration concerning the grape — Demonstration 23 was probably written in the winter of 344–5

References noted in

 * Editions by W. Wright (London, 1869), and J. Parisot (with Latin translation, Paris, 1894); the ancient Armenian version of 19 homilies edited, translated into Latin, and annotated by Antonelli (Rome, 1756).
 * Translations of particular homilies by Gustav Bickell and E. W. Budge; the whole have been translated by G. Bert (Leipzig, 1888).
 * C. J. F. Sasse, Proleg. in Aphr. Sapientis Persae sermones homileticos (Leipzig, 1879)
 * J. Forget, De Vita et Scriptis Aphraatis (Louvain, 1882)
 * F. C. Burkitt, Early Eastern Christianity (London, 1904)
 * J. Labourt, Le Christianisme dans l'empire perse (Paris, 1904)
 * Theodor Zahn, Forschungen I.
 * "Aphraates and the Diatessaron," vol. ii. pp. 180–186 of Burkitt's Evangelion Da-Mepharreshe (Cambridge, 1904)
 * Articles on "Aphraates and Monasticism," by R. H. Connolly and Burkitt in Journal of Theological Studies (1905) pp. 522–539, (1906) pp. 10–15
 * Articles on "Aphraates and Monasticism," by R. H. Connolly and Burkitt in Journal of Theological Studies (1905) pp. 522–539, (1906) pp. 10–15

Other sources

 * M. Lattke, "„Taufe“ und „untertauchen“ in Aphrahats ܬܚܘܝܬܐ (taḥwyāṯā)", in Ablution, Initiation, and Baptism: Late Antiquity, Early Judaism, and Early Christianity = Waschungen, Initiation und Taufe: Spätantike, Frühes Judentum und Frühes Christentum, ed. David Hellholm, Tor Vegge, Øyvind Norderval, Christer Hellholm (BZNW 176/I–III; Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 2011) 1115–38.
 * Urdang, Laurence. Holidays and Anniversaries of the World. Detroit:Gale Research Company, 1985. ISBN 0-8103-1546-7

title: Aphrahat


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