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Defense industry of Japan

The Japanese defense industry is the part of the Japanese economy responsible for the procurement of military technology, primarily for the nation's own Self-Defense Forces, largely due to a strict policy on national exports.

Postwar history
Following Allied occupation of Japan after the Second World War, major economic, social and governmental reforms were implemented to change and rebuild Japan. Among these changes included the creation of Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution, dismantlement of Japan's military, and abolishing military production and zaibatsu in an effort to demilitarize Japan. However, with the outbreak of the Korean War, U.S. troops garrisoned in Japan had to move to the Korean Peninsula for war: depriving Japan of its defenses. With this dilemma U.S. occupation authorities encouraged (or pressured) Japan into rebuilding its own military force: leading to the establishment of the National Police Reserve and later the Japan Self-Defense Forces. Around 1952, Japanese manufacturers began repairing and maintaining equipment for U.S. forces in Asia, and later in 1954, Japan's defense industry began to manufacture and arm the newly established JSDF with U.S. designed weapons. Former zaibatsus, such as Mitsubishi and Sumitomo, made their return to the defense industry. Furthermore, the 1954 Mutual Security Assistance Pact allowed Japan to receive military aid in the form of funds, materials, and services from the United States. The agreement further served as the basis for Japan to purchase and/or develop U.S. weapons under license as per the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Between the United States and Japan.

Following accusations that Japan was supplying napalm for U.S. forces during the Vietnam War, the Three Arms Exports Ban was implemented in 1967 to prevent arms export to countries who fit any of the three criteria: countries in the Eastern Bloc, countries under an arms embargo by the United Nations Security Council, or countries that are currently involved in, or likely to be involved in an international conflict.

In July 1970, then-Defense Agency director general Nakasone Yasuhiro established five objectives for the defense industry:
 * 1) to maintain Japan's industrial base for national security
 * 2) to acquire equipment from Japan's domestic research and development and production efforts
 * 3) to use civilian industries for domestic arms production
 * 4) to set long-term goals for research and development and production
 * 5) to introduce competition into defense production

By the late 1970s, indigenous suppliers had developed and produced aircraft, tanks, artillery, and major surface and underwater naval combatants for the JSDF. Highly sophisticated weaponry, such as the F-15J, P-3C Orion, and 8-inch howitzers were produced under license. Few of these were directly purchased from foreign defense contractors except for very complex and costly items: such as the E-2C Hawkeye.

In 1976, the Three Arms Exports Ban turned into a complete total ban of Japanese arms export, with the exception of joint-development with the United States.

In the late 1980s, the defense industry, limited by the lack of research and development, inadequate testing equipment, restricted exports, and no economies of scale, accounted for only 0.5% of Japan's total industrial output. The Defense Production Committee of the Federation of Economic Organizations (Keizai Dantai Rengokai--Keidanren) was instrumental in defense production; negotiating with the Defense Agency and coordinating activities among defense firms, disseminated defense information and informally limiting competition by promoting agreements between companies. Nearly 60% of Japanese defense contracts were awarded to five large corporations: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Toshiba Corporation, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, and Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Corporation. The mid to late 1980s saw an increase in indigenous production and joint development with the U.S. as larger portions of the defense budget were allotted to procurement. There have been calls for the relaxation of the arms export ban. In 1988, a secret memorandum circulated among defense contractors estimated that lifting the export ban would result in Japan capturing 45% of the world's tank and self-propelled artillery market, 40% of military electronic sales, and 60% of naval ship construction. The arms export ban was never lifted and by the post-Cold War era Japan's defense industry began to stagnate due to a combination of decreasing military budget, arms export ban and increasing research and development cost while maintaining a static R&D budget.

The defense industry began to revitalize when Prime Minister Shinzō Abe took office a second time in 2012. Abe's defense policy called for an increase in military capabilities for Japan to better defend itself and its American ally in the face of growing Chinese influence and military buildup. To this end, the military budget began to increase from 2013 and onward, while reforms were implemented to coincide with Abe's defense policy. Two of the most important reforms for the defense industry included the lifting of the self imposed arms export ban in 2014 and the establishment of the Acquisition, Technology & Logistics Agency (ATLA) in 2015.

Challenges and potentials
Although Japan's defense industry produces the majority of Japan's military technology and is recognized for its quality, the defense industry has historically faced head winds that prevented it from obtaining substantial growth. These headwinds include high production cost, low unit production, small domestic market, export ban, limited R&D budget and general pacifist views in Japan.

Production
Despite producing and supplying arms to one of the most powerful and expensive military forces, Japan's defense industry remains to be a small sector in the nation's overall manufacturing output. Due to the small economy of scale within the defense industry, local manufacturers that produce arms for Japan do not prioritize arms production heavily for revenue. Japan's top manufacturers rely on less than 10% of their revenue from defense contracts. The small profit return and small development in engineering skill contributes to a lack of growth; which leads to expensive production, an increased dependency on foreign defense contractors and/or companies pulling out of the defense sector; which in turn hurts the defense industry even more. To offset some of the problems, in 2013 Japan began to participate in international technology cooperation with other countries beyond the United States, such as the United Kingdom and Australia. Japan's re-entry into the international arms market would allow Japanese manufacturers to establish more customers to further increase revenue and lower unit cost. The establishment of ATLA further benefits the defense industry by enhancing the efficiency of R&D, project management and procurement of military technology. One other potential for the Japanese defense industry's growth is through the usage of dual-use technology. Japan possesses a vast array of advanced civilian technologies that have military application. Through ATLA, the Ministry of Defense (MOD) has actively sought research collaborations with various research institutes, universities and companies to utilize advance civilian technology.

FS-X program
The FS-X program highlighted some of the struggles the Japanese defense industry faced.

The program originally aimed for the development of an indigenous fighter jet to succeed the Mitsubishi F-1. Japanese defense contractors sought for domestic development to develop skills in manufacturing future aircraft and to preserve Japan's aviation industry. However, under U.S. pressure, the program switched to a jointly developed fighter based on the F-16.

The program drew criticism in Japan due to the government bowing to U.S. pressure. Japanese defense contractors and lawmakers were irate that the U.S. would gain access to advanced Japanese technology through the deal and local industries would not be able to profit as much compared to domestically developing the aircraft. There was also the belief that a domestically designed fighter would be superior to a modified F-16 design.

Further criticism was drawn from delays in the F-2's production, high production cost (about four times more expensive than a Block 50/52 F-16), and reduction of units from 141 aircraft to 94.

X-2 Shinshin
The development of the Mitsubishi X-2 is to help develop technologies and knowledge needed to produce a sixth-generation stealth fighter to succeed the Mitsubishi F-2. The X-2 made its historic maiden flight on 22 April 2016, cementing Japan as the fourth country in the world to fly their own stealth jet. The X-2's development is seen as a sign of Japan's aerospace and defense industry's revitalization. The MOD emphasized that the procurement of the future stealth fighter will be led by Japan, but international collaboration is still a possibility.

Arms export
For Japan, the benefits of exporting arms to another country includes improving economy of scale in the defense industry, lowering unit cost of the product and strengthen international relationships. Following the end of the self imposed ban in 2014, Japan began to promote its arms to the international market and has attracted a number of countries interest in Japanese arms. Japan secured its first export on 17 July 2014 by supplying gyroscopes to the U.S. to develop PAC-2 missiles for Qatar. On 13 May 2015, Japan hosted its first military trade fair. Despite the efforts, Japan continues to struggle with securing a major export deal. One issue Japan faces when exporting arms is the product's high unit cost and unique domestic requirements that might not be favorable for outside customers. In this regard, some have noted that Japan's defense industry suffers from Galápagos syndrome. Another issue Japan faces is its lack of experience in exporting arms, exporting untested products and facing major competition against established suppliers. There is also hesitation for Japanese companies to participate due to arms sales representing a small amount of revenue and/or fear of reputation damage at home by being labeled as "merchants of death".

SEA 1000 Future Submarine Program
Japan's unsuccessful attempt at exporting the Sōryū-class submarine to Australia highlighted Japan's major weaknesses in exporting arms to another country. The project, worth A$50 billion to replace Australia's ageing fleet of Collins-class submarines, could have been Japan's first major arms export since lifting the export ban in 2014, but it ultimately lost to French firm Direction des Constructions Navales Services (DCNS) with their proposal on a conventionally powered variant of the Barracuda-class submarine. Some major weakness shown was Japan's lack of experience exporting arms and competition against more experienced competitors. Initially, Japan enjoyed an advantage over other competition (with some speculation that the Sōryū-class has been pre-selected) because of the close relationship between then-Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott and Prime Minister Shinzō Abe to bolster Australian-Japan strategic relationship and U.S. backing on selecting the Japanese submarines. Following dwindling public support, in February 2015 Tony Abbott announced a competitive evaluation process which pitted Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) and Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corp. (KSC) against more experienced French firm DCNS and German firm ThyssenKrupp AG (TKMS). One major requirement for the submarine program is that the submarines are to be built domestically to support local industries and jobs. Japan was initially reluctant to build submarines overseas and transfer technologies to Australia to aid in the future submarine's development. DCNS and TKMS agreed to the Australian government's demand for domestic production, which coincided with public interest. Another issue Japan faced was the Sōryū-class inability to meet Australia's submarine requirement. It has been pointed out that the Sōryū-class has a shorter range and speed than the Collins-class, Japanese submarines possess a shorter service life than Australia's, and there are uncertainties on whether the Sōryū-class can be modified for Australia's requirements. Ultimately, Japan's loss highlighted the country's over-reliance on political support from Tony Abbott (which ended with Malcolm Turnbull replacing him), inability to appeal to the Australian public, and inexperience exporting arms, allowing overseas production and modifying domestic weapons for foreign customers.

title: Defense industry of Japan


text: User talk:84.83.106.108

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:84.83.106.108


text:
Inward-rectifier potassium channel

Inward-rectifier potassium channels (Kir, IRK) are a specific lipid-gated subset of potassium channels. To date, seven subfamilies have been identified in various mammalian cell types, plants, and bacteria. They are activated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The malfunction of the channels has been implicated in several diseases. IRK channels possess a pore domain, homologous to that of voltage-gated ion channels, and flanking transmembrane segments (TMSs). They may exist in the membrane as homo- or heterooligomers and each monomer possesses between 2 and 4 TMSs. In terms of function, these proteins transport potassium (K+), with a greater tendency for K+ uptake than K+ export. The process of inward-rectification was discovered by Denis Noble in cardiac muscle cells in 1960s and by Richard Adrian and Alan Hodgkin in 1970 in skeletal muscle cells.

Overview of inward rectification

A channel that is "inwardly-rectifying" is one that passes current (positive charge) more easily in the inward direction (into the cell) than in the outward direction (out of the cell). It is thought that this current may play an important role in regulating neuronal activity, by helping to stabilize the resting membrane potential of the cell.

By convention, inward current (positive charge moving into the cell) is displayed in voltage clamp as a downward deflection, while an outward current (positive charge moving out of the cell) is shown as an upward deflection. At membrane potentials negative to potassium's reversal potential, inwardly rectifying K+ channels support the flow of positively charged K+ ions into the cell, pushing the membrane potential back to the resting potential. This can be seen in figure 1: when the membrane potential is clamped negative to the channel's resting potential (e.g. -60 mV), inward current flows (i.e. positive charge flows into the cell). However, when the membrane potential is set positive to the channel's resting potential (e.g. +60 mV), these channels pass very little current. Simply put, this channel passes much more current in the inward direction than the outward one, at its operating voltage range. These channels are not perfect rectifiers, as they can pass some outward current in the voltage range up to about 30 mV above resting potential.

These channels differ from the potassium channels that are typically responsible for repolarizing a cell following an action potential, such as the delayed rectifier and A-type potassium channels. Those more "typical" potassium channels preferentially carry outward (rather than inward) potassium currents at depolarized membrane potentials, and may be thought of as "outwardly rectifying." When first discovered, inward rectification was named "anomalous rectification" to distinguish it from outward potassium currents.

Inward rectifiers also differ from tandem pore domain potassium channels, which are largely responsible for "leak" K+ currents. Some inward rectifiers, termed "weak inward rectifiers", carry measurable outward K+ currents at voltages positive to the K+ reversal potential (corresponding to, but larger than, the small currents above the 0 nA line in figure 1). They, along with the "leak" channels, establish the resting membrane potential of the cell. Other inwardly rectifying channels, termed "strong inward rectifiers," carry very little outward current at all, and are mainly active at voltages negative to the K+ reversal potential, where they carry inward current (the much larger currents below the 0 nA line in figure 1).

Mechanism of inward rectification
The phenomenon of inward rectification of Kir channels is the result of high-affinity block by endogenous polyamines, namely spermine, as well as magnesium ions, that plug the channel pore at positive potentials, resulting in a decrease in outward currents. This voltage-dependent block by polyamines results in efficient conduction of current only in the inward direction. While the principal idea of polyamine block is understood, the specific mechanisms are still controversial.

Activation by PIP2
All Kir channels require phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) for activation. PIP2 binds to and directly activates Kir 2.2 with agonist-like properties. In this regard Kir channels are PIP2 ligand-gated ion channels.

Role
Kir channels are found in multiple cell types, including macrophages, cardiac and kidney cells, leukocytes, neurons, and endothelial cells. By mediating a small depolarizing K+ current at negative membrane potentials, they help establish resting membrane potential, and in the case of the Kir3 group, they help mediate inhibitory neurotransmitter responses, but their roles in cellular physiology vary across cell types:

Regulation
Voltage-dependence may be regulated by external K+, by internal Mg2+, by internal ATP and/or by G-proteins. The P domains of IRK channels exhibit limited sequence similarity to those of the VIC family. Inward rectifiers play a role in setting cellular membrane potentials, and closing of these channels upon depolarization permits the occurrence of long duration action potentials with a plateau phase. Inward rectifiers lack the intrinsic voltage sensing helices found in many VIC family channels. In a few cases, those of Kir1.1a, Kir6.1 and Kir6.2, for example, direct interaction with a member of the ABC superfamily has been proposed to confer unique functional and regulatory properties to the heteromeric complex, including sensitivity to ATP. These ATP-sensitive channels are found in many body tissues. They render channel activity responsive to the cytoplasmic ATP/ADP ratio (increased ATP/ADP closes the channel). The human SUR1 and SUR2 sulfonylurea receptors (spQ09428 and Q15527, respectively) are the ABC proteins that regulate both the Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 channels in response to ATP, and CFTR (TC #3.A.1.208.4) may regulate Kir1.1a.

Structure
The crystal structure and function of bacterial members of the IRK-C family have been determined. KirBac1.1, from Burkholderia pseudomallei, is 333 amino acyl residues (aas) long with two N-terminal TMSs flanking a P-loop (residues 1-150), and the C-terminal half of the protein is hydrophilic. It transports monovalent cations with the selectivity: K ≈ Rb ≈ Cs ≫ Li ≈ Na ≈ NMGM (protonated N-methyl- D -glucamine). Activity is inhibited by Ba2+, Ca2+, and low pH.

Classification
There are seven subfamilies of Kir channels, denoted as Kir1 – Kir7. Each subfamily has multiple members (i.e. Kir2.1, Kir2.2, Kir2.3, etc.) that have nearly identical amino acid sequences across known mammalian species.

Kir channels are formed from as homotetrameric membrane proteins. Each of the four identical protein subunits is composed of two membrane-spanning alpha helices (M1 and M2). Heterotetramers can form between members of the same subfamily (i.e. Kir2.1 and Kir2.3) when the channels are overexpressed.

Diseases related to Kir channels

 * Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy is related to autosomal recessive mutations in Kir6.2. Certain mutations of this gene diminish the channel's ability to regulate insulin secretion, leading to hypoglycemia.
 * Bartter's syndrome can be caused by mutations in Kir channels. This condition is characterized by the inability of kidneys to recycle potassium, causing low levels of potassium in the body.
 * Andersen's syndrome is a rare condition caused by multiple mutations of Kir2.1. Depending on the mutation, it can be dominant or recessive. It is characterized by periodic paralysis, cardiac arrhythmias and dysmorphic features. (See also KCNJ2)
 * Barium poisoning is likely due to its ability to block Kir channels.
 * Atherosclerosis (heart disease) may be related to Kir channels. The loss of Kir currents in endothelial cells is one of the first known indicators of atherogenesis (the beginning of heart disease).
 * Thyrotoxic hypokalaemic periodic paralysis has been linked to altered Kir2.6 function.
 * EAST/SeSAME syndrome is caused by mutations in KCNJ10.

title: Inward-rectifier potassium channel


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Talk:Exogamy

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Exogamy as genetically "comparing notes"
Exogamy can be considered a genetic sharing of class notes. If you write a "wrong" or unhelpful remark from class lecture, you can ask to see the notes from someone who heard the same lecture from another professor. When you take the "exam" (get the opportunity to express your alleles, or "answers"), you get to write both your answer and the answer of the person who lent their notes to you. On the "exam" you get credit if either or both of the answers are correct. (I.e., the cell will try to express both alleles to get a functional protein.) This is how I view the genetic benefit of exogamy.

Exogamy in humans section is extremely one sided
I've read studies from the National Society of Genetic Counselors as well as others, that say marrying your cousin will produce little more risk of birth defects than marrying someone outside your race. Even a quick google search on the subject shows plenty of sources and articles. I'm not a geneticist nor have I really studied the subject to great degree, but the facts of history refute this sections assertions. While there maybe certain genetic mutations that certain racial groups are more prone to, this doesn't prove that endogamy is the causal factor.

 * It's well known that marrying a cousin increases the chance of a recessive gene to appear, which in turn increases the risk of a birth defect. If a person has a rare recessive gene that causes birth defects and has two children with a person who does not have that recessive gene, there is a 1 in 4 chance that both those children will have the gene.  If they outbreed, there is a 1 in 64 chance that cousins will have the recessive gene.  If those cousins inbreed, there is a 1 in 256 chance that their child will have the birth defects.  That may sound pretty good, but if they marry someone outside their family, there is essentially 0% chance that the child will have the birth defect. 49giantsharks 17:59, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Blonde hair and Blue eyes are recessive genes. I'd hardly call them birth defects.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.74.48.25 (talk) 16:12, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Not the point. I explicitly said RARE genes that DO cause defects.  More clear example - if grandpa had the cystic fibrosis gene, and you breed with your cousin, there is a 0.39% chance that the kids have CF.  That percentage drops to 0.25% chance if you breed with a random white person (and even lower if with someone non-white).  49giantsharks (talk) 03:02, 18 October 2010 (UTC)

Endogamy and incest?
Do prohibitions on incest have anything to do with this article? Endogamy does not equal incest, as this article in its present state seems to suggest Stettlerj 20:06, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I have the same comment and I was going to discuss it before editing it. Link9er 20:30, 10 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid that Endogamy is essentially incestuous, the only question is the degree. Don't forget that the likelyhood of a child being born with a genetic condition is much higher even where there is no immediate blood relationship. For example cystic fibrosis when two europeans have children or sickle cell anaemia where two people of african ethnicity have children.--Hontogaichiban 01:29, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

This is too much from a human perspective. Exogamy occurs in almost all mammals, with the exception of the naked mole rat. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 128.253.240.212 (talk • contribs).

 * I think that was not what the author meant; rather that this "horror of incest" is - according to one theory - an important factor in the decision of choosing one's mating partner either group-externally or -internally. I think the article should only be changed in order to make that clearer; that should suffice. Please don't drop the point altogether. -- Kavaiyan   <°)))o><  15:02, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I think we can keep the human perspective: the term exogamy was created by social anthropologists (i.e. scholars of human cultural variation) to refer to particular marriage patterns (naked mole rats mate, they don't marry :) ). --Ngio 09:16, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

I'm especially concerned about the close linking of groups that are described as exclusively practicing endogamy with the mention of incest. Placing groups such as the Yazidi and "Jews" (while s/he also makes no mention of the religious aspect of this sporadic and non-universal practice) into such close contact with this inflammatory subject is going to cause offense and encourage racist feelings.

 * This is about scientific fact. Though the intention of this article is not to offend, whether people are offended is irrelevant. There is no call to take into account any religious aspects. It is well acknowledged that the Yazidi do face problems related to inbreeding. Inbreeding is by it's nature incestous in the scientific sense. It should be noted that in all of our ancestories we will have many ancesters born from incestuous relationships of one kind or another, luckily a return to healthy offspring can occur in a single generation through exogamy.--Hontogaichiban 00:29, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

Proposed Merger with Exogamy

 * I agree, Exogamy is an anthropologically useful—and neutral—notion, Intermarriage is mixed up with culture-specific value judgements. Ngio 05:35, 19 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Intermarriage is a confusing term, it should be removed.--Hontogaichiban 00:30, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Disagree with merger 85.138.1.15 23:26, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

Lack of names
Most of the people who have theories discussed on this page have no first name associated with them. I think that takes away from the article. BioTube 06:12, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Very ambiguous clause.
"Frazer says [the introduction of exogamy to prevent incestuous marriage] is the true solution, that it really introduced group marriage, which is an advance to monogamy,"

I'm not quite sure how to parse this. It sounds like it could be rephrased as "Frazer agrees that [the goal of preventing incestuous marriage] is the origin of exogamy, which introduced group marriage (which is an evolutionary step towards monogamy)," but is that in any way correct? In particular, I'd like to know what the article is referring to as "group marriage." Is this "promiscuity within the tribe," which IIRC is more a hypothetical than an attested social custom, or is it "polygamy," which is common, but more common among more sophisticated peoples?

And do we really need to cite Frazer at all? He's still the reference point for anthropological study of magic, but -- although I'm not an anthropologist -- I've heard that he's no longer considered very reliable on other subjects... ExOttoyuhr (talk) 17:19, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

Civilizational POV issue.
This article is remarkably cruel towards endogamous peoples -- the medieval Jews, the modern Arabs, the Chinese through the whole of their history, do not deserve the kind of pillorying-by-inference that they currently get in this article -- and it treats American views on incest as a human universal. Which such views are not: see all strata of ancient Egyptian society, or the Polynesian and (IIRC) Inca aristocracies.

It also has an advanced case of Just-So Story-itis, but perhaps that's a different issue. Still, I'd like it to be a little less certain about where the concept of totems comes from, and what their implications are on a cross-civilizational level. Didn't the Iroquois marry within their totem group? ExOttoyuhr (talk) 17:18, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

This article reads like race-mixing propaganda
First of all, quite insultingly, it seems to be insinuating that not race mixing (the way that it's been done 99.9% of the time for thousands of years in European, Western societies and has worked mostly fine!) is somehow comparable to incest. True, small villages in which transport is difficult may have been somewhat inbred historically, but whites as a whole as a racial group are not very inbred at all, unlike what they'd like you to believe, and especially now when transport means that people don't live in a small area for their entire lives. All racial groups have their inherited diseases, and racial mixing will not make those go away either as genes can recombine at a later point. Furthermore, it says that there is a "drive to reproduce with individuals genetically different from oneself". There must be something wrong with me, then, as a white heterosexual male who is attracted to white females and not women of other races, be they black, Indian or Chinese. This pseudoscientific trash about the benefits of race mixing is nothing more than mind bending propaganda, the majority of which in the mass media in present day western societies is targeted at white females to encourage them to mix with black males, in order to increase white male resentment and destroy the gene pool.--Phit Sit Trout (talk) 11:32, 9 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Also, there are merely populations with different genetic characteristics that have developed due to isolation over time rather than absolute, outright races. The concept of race works in practice a lot of the time for this reason, but it is not absolute. If you were to start in Ireland and move through the UK, Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka and took the DNA of the indigenous population, at what point could you say race X ('brown' people) begins and race Y ('white' people) ends? At the border of Bulgaria and Turkey since Bulgaria is European and Turkey is Asian? That wouldn't quite make sense in strictly genetic terms.--Phit Sit Trout (talk) 11:42, 9 August 2010 (UTC)

Yes, this article is mostly jewish propaganda to destroy the White Aryan race. As a long lasting supporter of the True Finns party, I can say that this kind of communist propaganda is destroying the racial purity that made Europe so great. However I'm glad to see that my views are in the majority here and that people have become increasingly aware of the Zionist plot to drive the West into a multiracial inferno. Hopefully with the world-wide rise of national socialism Wikipedia (and the West) will also be purged from the leftist elements. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.221.13.102 (talk) 16:31, 13 September 2012 (UTC)

Planned Changes for Article
To improve this article I want to address the issues that arise from the Talk page. I will try to edit the neutrality of the human aspect of exogamy as well as add citations where needed. I don't plan on changing much else of the article but simply improve on what is already there. Mkbertram (talk) 13:31, 15 March 2012 (UTC)]]
 * The changes I have made include adding citations where asked for. I also attempted to address the neutrality in the human exogamy section, however I'm not sure it is needed. Instead i tried to account for it not being an entirely genetic consideration and add that there are other factors that play into how exogamy is performed.Mkbertram (talk) 14:46, 15 March 2012 (UTC)]]

Peer Review
I really like your initial definition. I think the explanation is brief enough to provide info to someone who wants a quick response, and the article continues in depth to provide more info to those curious about the topic. I also really like how you provided examples of exogamy and the antonym for it as well, excellent idea. Your list of references is phenomenal, and very thorough. My only suggestion wwould be to add the different types of exogamy to the see also list, so that they may be linked to already existing wiki pages/ future existing wiki pages. (BMPog (talk) 19:25, 27 March 2012 (UTC))
 * Thank you for your suggestions, and comments! I tried to add some more links for further inquiry, however I found that many pages I wanted to link it too do not exist. Mkbertram (talk) 18:21, 28 March 2012 (UTC)

The information in the page is well structured, and has the citations to back it up. Particularly liked the opening information, as it contains a clear definition of what it is, and what it is not. I realize you weren't adding information, but the cultural exogamy paragraph could use some work. The information in the article makes it seem as though exogamy is only practiced in foreign, non-north american cultures. What does it look like here? It looks like you've done the most editing from anyone elses pages I've looked at. :) Lrcobbe (talk) 14:20, 2 April 2012 (UTC)

Wikipedia Ambassador Program course assignment
This article is the subject of an educational assignment at Mount Allison University supported by WikiProject Anthropology and the Wikipedia Ambassador Program during the 2012 Q1 term. Further details are available on the course page.

The above message was substituted from by PrimeBOT (talk) on 15:56, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Exogamy


text:
User:Redwolf24/Archive22

WP:MC/RFM
Glad to see someone taking a little charge, and keeping the tasks box updated. I much appreciate your request and will take it under consideration. -St|eve 03:04, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * K, I hope you return as I've reactivated the medcom and now every editor has a case assigned (except myself, I finished my mediation quickly) and I could use some of those of you on a leave to return. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 03:15, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Pop singer fancruft
I'm at my wit's end in trying to deal with the glut of heavily biased and infactual articles on Mariah Carey, Britney Spears, and several other pop singers. The editors' actions in making all of these articles have gone unchecked, and are establishing bad precedents that are steadily decreasing NPOV coverage of music in the WIkipedia. I have talked to one of them until I was blue in the face (and had wasted an entire Friday evening) to no avail; he thinks I'm "jealous" of "his" articles. What can be done about this, or is the matter truly a lost cause? --FuriousFreddy 04:26, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Nothing you really can do, but if you quit, they win... R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 04:27, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Yeah - just take a week break from those kind of articles. Ryan Norton T 04:33, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * But if I don't quit, and there's nothing I can do about...what's the point of not quitting? But if I do quit, I am (admittedly) letting them win, the floodgates are gonna burst open, and pretty soon it will be okay to have articles that read "OMIGODBRITNEYISTHEBESTSINGEREVER!!@$!$!$!#!!!!!" and such. Ack. Can we do some sort of policy-setting, something to bring this stuff in line? --FuriousFreddy 06:15, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Listen, think of it this way. I spend (or I guess spent since I'm on an self-imposed wikibreak from those pages right now) a lot of time cleaning up autism-related pages. Basically, the POV of those pages could get throttled to one side of the argument. There are several people who frequent these pages, some even from the organizations in question themselves! So, obviously there are going to be some bias here - and it can feel pretty lonely battling these people for a NPOV as the argument is so polarized and for the most part most people there are just trying to get publicity for thier organization etc. (they seem to think having a seperate page for thier organization is paramount... the same thing happens with original research too). It can be really hard dealing with those kind of people but hopefully over time you can reason with them... the important thing is to not let it degenerate into an edit war, otherwise its bad for everyone. As morbid as it sounds, the best way to deal with issues like this is to just sit back and edit occasionally... eventually you'll either be able to get some help from someone, or just outlast the most egregious POV pushers. You could try wikipedia things like mediation... but especially with the kind of people that frequent the autism-related pages etc. you may not get far. The important thing is to stay detached from it all - you can always run it in your userspace or on a local copy of a wiki too. It really is one of the big flaws in the system, so to speak, so you need to try to work around it, otherwise its just going to make you stressed for no good reason, really. Ryan Norton T 06:39, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

"Leave me a Message" box
Hey, I stole your "Leave me a Message" box, probably for the same reason you got it in the first place, because I'm welcoming newbies who might not know how to leave me a message otherwise. Let me know if you have a problem with this. (I left a message similar to this with Linuxbeak). EWS23 | (Leave me a message!) 04:32, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Nah its fine. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:16, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Jimmy James Johnson
Since my last post was left unanswered, I'm going to try again...

I was wondering why the entry of Jimmy James Johnson was deleted?

I know it's based on a rewritten news clipping, but isn't better to have something than nothing? How could it otherwise be improved? Now there's not even a history about what happened to the guy.

- And yes, I'm new to Wikipedia. So a simple "..." isn't enough to make me understand what I've done wrong...

 * My reason would have to be the fact that its a hoax. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:16, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Thank you for your reply.

- I'm now wondering how you reached the conclusion that it is a hoax?

- Did you research the subject before?

Here's 'one' of the links relating to the person in question: http://www.eonline.com/News/Items/0,1,17368,00.html?fdnews

--Overone 03:27, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * OH! I thought this was someone else. When I saw the name it looked fake so that's why I assumed it was a hoax. here's the real reason I deleted it. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 03:30, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

mediation
Hi

I am currently giving a very light hand on Western Sahara. Cheers. Anthere 04:50, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Great to hear! R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:16, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Mediation and others
A few things:

 * 1) The thing on mediation will be combined into this week's User:Ral315/News and notes, because I really don't have enough information to make it a stand-alone article.  I would appreciate you looking at it and telling me if there were any mistakes or misinterpreted parts within the blurb itself.
 * 2) Also, I've applied to join the mediation committee...I'm interested to hear your views on me joining the committee, good or bad.
 * 3) Blank point to make it look like I have more to say than I really do.
 * 4) Profit
 * 1) Profit

Ral 315   WS  07:23, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Replied at page. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:16, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

"Social Technology"
Dear friend,

May I please know why was my article “Social Technology” deleted? I am very new to this web publishing. After the debate on original content, I had altered the article to suit the needs of Wikipedia.

I hope to write many more articles for Wikipedia, so I need really to understand this.

Best regards, Nirupma Kapoor neeray 10:50, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * We have a system at wikipedia, if editors don't feel an article is particularly good, or on a notable subject, it is sent to AfD where people debate. If 2/3 or more of the editors say to delete, the article is deleted. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:16, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Findology
Why was "Findology" deleted again. The first time, I understand. I just wasn't aware of what should and shouldn't be on Wikipedia. But why this time? We didn't even put that information up and it obviously had no advertising type wording. You can contact me at aaron@findology.com. Thanks.

 * Cause it was voted as such. Spam probably. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:16, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Hi new user trying to fix a misnamed page
Hi there, I've been trying to move the page Edgar Varese because it is spelled wrong, the composer was called Edgard with a d at the end. However I can't because the page with the correct name exists as a redirect to the mis-spelled one. I don't know how to get round this. The whole contents of Edgar Varese should be under the title Edgard Varese, and there should be no page called Edgar Varese as there was no such person.

I hope you are now as worked up as I am and as keen to see justice done. The poor man spent his whole life correcting the spelling, and now he's in the wrong place after his death. Dammit. And he was teh father of 20th century music, his influence is in almost everything you hear.

Best regards Robert Deas

 * I'll fix it for you, you are unable to do as such as you are not an admin, which you have to be to move to existing pages. I'll do so now, R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:16, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Esperanza Project
Hi there Redwolf24, Im Moe Epsilon. I am here to talk to you about the Esperanza Project. I just added myself to the list of members today and to the spamlist so I can get updates from the project. I just wanted to know, what can I do? Usually I could go to the project page or the project's talk page and find out whats going on and how I could help. Since you are the leader of the group, determined by the first few comments on the talk page, please give me some idea as to what to help with. Or, by the last comment on the talk page, should I go to Essjay so he could help me? Drop me a line on my talk page so we can discuss this matter. Later!

PS. I fixed the little problem above with Edgard Varèse.

— M o e   ε  23:04, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Crap! I forgot to do that because of someone else's comment on this page who I was busy with... Thanks for the Edgard fix. I am no longer the leader of Esperanza, I have passed the buck to my good friend Essjay. I am too busy with other things at wikipedia, and if I do too much I may just burn out. Esperanza, there's not too much you can do to help, as there's not too much we need to do. You can feel free to comment at WP:ESP/P's talk page on what you think is good and what you think is bad. Stay in touch. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 23:09, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Re: MedCom Signpost
OK, that's fine with me. They've done a look for the MedCom, and I appreciate that; it's just that I felt that that subject was straying from the topic of the blurb. News and notes is intended to be concise, short paragraphs, and I really didn't see how WP:TINMC added to the blurb and didn't think it was relevant. But I don't mind either way — however, the final decision should rest with Ral, as 1) he wrote the article and 2) he's the editor-in-chief. Thanks, though! Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk | WS 23:06, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * No prob. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 23:09, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I copyedited and reworded it somewhat. I agree now that TINMC is relevant; the way Ral worded it did not contribute to the topic, but the current version looks fine. In the future, you may want to save Ral the trouble and write the article yourself. :-) Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk | WS 23:13, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Fair use (last one, I promise)
Heya, I've removed the last few not-quite-fair-use images from your user page and status template, hope you don't mind. You might want to rephrase your status template (or even better, find a free groundskeeper willy image if such a beast exists), as it's a bit odd without the image. --fvw *  00:23, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I missed the Fonzie pic. As for the McCondom it doesn't say fair use, and it looks like an amateur photograph, so chances are its GFDL. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:26, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Oops, right you are about McCondom, though I don't know how long that will last without a source. Thanks for your understanding. --fvw *  00:30, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Need Your Help
I need u to place Articles for deletion/Pemberton Avenue into the deletion log. Im an AOL user and one of those IP - 205.188.116.196 got blocked for a while few days I think so I cant place that in for now but still could edit everything else U are one person I trust and I need u to do me that favor. Ty --JAranda'' | yeah 00:23, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Will do so. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:26, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Mechanics of Deletion Review
Hi. You were involved in the discussion at Wikipedia talk:Votes for undeletion which looked to establish a Deletion Review process in place of VfU. There is now a discussion about how we might construct the mechanics of such a process. The current proposal suggests that debates be relisted on AfD if there is a majority of editors wanting to overturn the debate (usually on procedural grounds) and that the alternative result be implemented if it is supported by three-quarters of editors. Please call by Wikipedia talk:Votes for undeletion/Deletion review proposal when you can to discuss. Thanks. -Splash talk 02:06, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry, can't think of anything to suggest. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 02:20, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Being A Good Editor
Hey, I as you could possibly read from my userpage, am trying to be a good editor. From what you can see if you would care to look do you think I'm a pretty good editor, I think I'm an okay editor. I'm just trying to be better, like right now I'm beginning to write articles again, like I used to. I'm just wondering what you think of me, since I think of you as like "the big great editor". Private Butcher 02:31, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Also if you could give me a few tips on how to be a better editor, since I know I'm just an okay editor. That would be helpful, thanks. Private Butcher 02:46, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I honestly haven't seen Red edit that much so I can't say too much of him as an editor, but he's a fantastic admin! Basically, you should try to get one article as good as you can over a couple of weeks, then send it to peer review (WP:PR). After a couple weeks to a month there when you think its ready send it to FAC (WP:FAC) - you'll get some harsh, but accurate and quite helpful criticism on how to improve your articles there and often at peer review. Ryan Norton T 02:50, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd second those comments, and remember to be kind to all users. Also, try to follow WP:1RR. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 02:55, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the help, I'm going to take your advice. Private Butcher 03:08, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Your Rogue Op Adminship Was Eaten By A Bear!
I couldn't figure out which barnstar to give you for your Ashida Kim blockage, so I figured -- when in doubt, go with hungry bears... Karmafist 04:33, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Ah no, I never blocked that account, I blocked an anonymous IP of his for 61 years for endangering Jimbo. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 04:34, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey, I blocked one of those accounts yesterday, and hand restored 1001 edits to Jimbo's page so the info wouldn't be in the history... -- Essjay ·  Talk 04:42, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * There, now I blocked him indefinitely. I am so rouge. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 04:43, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * But what to do about the Ashida Kim article? It still has all the info there! Shall it be speedied? - User:Mys e kurity|Mysekurity ]] additions | e-mail ]]04:44, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Why would you speedy the article in its current version? The only reason I can think of is if it is a hoax. But then, the diffs can be deleted, can't they? Tito xd (?!?) 04:53, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

BartCop
Would you also agree that this: [] is vandalism? Can nothing be done to prevent this anon user OR sockpuppet, whichever, from popping in and vandalizing legitimate edits? Isn't the user guilty of the "3RR" rule? Curious..... Lone Odessan 07:39, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * There is discussion on the talk page over whether the addition is accurate or not. Until consensus develops over whether it is a legitimate addition or not, it should not be labeled as vandalism. It may, however, be removed to the talk page for continued discussion, and if it is continually re-added, the article can be locked. The three revert rule applies equally to all, but only applies to more than three reverts in a twenty-four hour period; that IP has only made three additions in a twenty four hour period, thus unless the information is removed and re-added in the next twelve hours or so, no 3RR will have occurred. Be aware, however, that since the text is under consideration (and thus not vandalism), if you remove it more than three times in twenty four hours, you will be equally guilty of 3RR. There are already three administrators in on the discussion: BMIComp, *fvw, & Hall Monitor, and I suggest you leave the administrative actions (3RR blocks, page protection) to them. -- Essjay ·  Talk 14:40, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Can we nominate?
Your Eminence,Cardinal of the Wiki-Catholic church,I have decided that we nominate Kappa as an admin.He or she is a really great helper to all and a good example.Please consider this offer.Tdxiang 11:12, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Kappa had a previous RfA in June that ended in no consensus, and one on September 29th that he declined; be sure to get his consent before nominating him. -- Essjay ·  Talk 14:11, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

closed discussions
Hey, do you have the link for any policy on closed discussions for Afd and such? Having an issue with another admin wanting to change a closed discussion. Dont' have time for an edit war, especially with another admin (much less think its worth it). Just couldn't find anything covering it, thought I read it before though. Thanks. ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 19:42, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Closures that you don't agree with go to WP:VfU. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 23:07, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Yea, I know about VfU :) thanks. Actually I meant policy on other users editing previously closed discussions. But it's not a big deal now, I just needed info for future occurences. ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  00:20, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Questions answered
As you requested, I've answered the questions in my RfA, so if you'd like to read my answers and change your Neutral vote to a Support or an Oppose, I'd appreciate it! (And if you have any additional questions for me, I'd be happy to answer.) - Brian Kendig 21:41, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Unblock
Could u Unblock 205.188.117.7 its a AOL IP number and one of the 2 Im using now so i cant edit into late tommorrow. --JAranda'' | yeah 00:13, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Unblocked. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:18, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Ty I need to get out of AOL so I wont get that again :) --JAranda'' | yeah 00:20, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

I filled it out :)
The nomination was quite the shock! I mentioned how long I was actively editing for full disclosure... I hope you don't mind :\. Thanks! Ryan Norton T 00:42, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Posted at RfA. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:45, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Articles for deletion/Stephen John Sutton
Heya, could it be you closed Articles for deletion/Stephen John Sutton without deleting the article in question, or was it recreated and am I misreading the deletion log? --fvw *  01:51, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I missed one! Taken care of. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 01:56, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks! While you're being helpful, could you have a look at List of Australians in international prisons too, a new user (same one as the author of the page you just created but logged in I think) insists on inserting an external link to a campaign site there. --fvw *  02:02, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Bloody hell, I see I've broken the 3RR there, for shame. Feel free to enforce a 24h wikibreak if you feel it's appropriate. --fvw *  02:03, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Ohnoes!!! But yep, its fair. Both of you take a break :) R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 02:08, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

GNAA getting vfded again!!
Articles_for_deletion/Gay_Nigger_Association_of_America. :) Ryan Norton T 03:19, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

So do you think it will survive ;)? Ryan Norton T 03:20, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Haha! If anything all these AfD's have gotten new members for them. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 03:34, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Ehm, I'm assuming it wasn't a good faith nomination, considering the username (User:Dick Stalman=Richard M. Stallman). --fvw *  03:45, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * That is, that's the username. I'm not claiming it was actually RMS nominating it. --fvw *  03:45, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think that the username was referring to that, as Richard M. Stallman isn't too famous, and it doesn't seem like a rare name. However I DO think it was a bad faith nom. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 03:47, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You don't? GNAA=slashdot trolls. One of slashdot's strong focuses is linux. I think we've had a few vandal/troll accounts named after him before. --fvw *  03:52, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

arbcom
Are you sure you want to run for arbcom? I mean you're the chair of the mediation comittee and so much other stuff! Just don't want you to get overloaded :). You have my support of course :). Ryan Norton T 03:49, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, that's probably going to overload you. On other news, if you're going to run for Esperanza's Advisory Committee, you might want to add your name to the list, because it's not there anymore (it was removed when you crossed it out). Tito xd (?!?) 04:56, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I've said it before and I'll say it again: I'm not burning out any time soon. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:43, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

--

I saw your name when I was reading about admins and reading on Wikipedia policy and procedures. Can I go to you for questions when I want to ask something about policy etc.? --Shelburne Kismaayo 03:42, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * You bet. Or me, as well. --Maru (talk) 04:13, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Stephen Sutton article
Hi Redwolf24,

Thank you for your assistance earlier today.

I am now composing a proper article for Stephen John Sutton. I have read the guidelines for 'your first Wikipedia entry.'

I noticed that some other people have attempted to make an entry about Sutton in the past, but these articles were deleted. I am unable to see what was written in the past. I do not wish to make the same mistakes.

Sutton is noteworthy because it is probable that he was targeted to become an unwitting drug mule because of a mental impairment. He had a brain tumour removed at age 15 which left him with a simple and over-trusting nature. He has an inordinate desire to please others and was known to go to unusual lengths in this pursuit. Sutton was working in Sydney, Australia and it is believed he met a Peruvian girl at his place of employ. Stephen wound up in Peru, living with the Peruvian girl and her family. Stephen sent a letter to his sister in Australia indicating that he was in Peru and that the girl's family were treating him well. On 4 September 2003, Stephen was arrested in Argentina (with no drugs in his possession), and was charged with drug trafficking. His sister found out about the arrest through an Australian TV news report. Australian consular officials (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade - DFAT) have since been difficult and evasive with his family in Australia. DFAT have not provided appropriate medical care and legal asistance to Stephen. He is known to have medical problems which require urgent care.

Is this enough justification for a Wikipedia entry? Am I on the right track?

Thanks again for your assistance. --Diana Elgar 05:19, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd say it is IMO. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:43, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Hi again Redwolf24, thanks for your help on this matter. Please visit the Stephen John Sutton entry. There are some bullies now trying to have my entry deleted. One of them, who identifies as "Robert Frost" of a non-existent organisation he calls "OSE Prisoners Dispute Services U.K." is posting from IP address 144.131.198.139. This IP is assigned to Telstra in Brisbane, Australia, which happens to be the location of Kay Danes and Tony Fox of Foreign Prisoner Support Services (FPSS). FPSS is also the organisation which has been spamming their URL (http://foreignprisoners.com) all over the List of Australians in international prisons entry. Please see the edit made by "Robert Frost" at http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Australians_in_international_prisons&diff=24934445&oldid=24227584 Thanks again, --Diana Elgar 00:43, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Hi!
hi redwolf24 umm..well, first, I'm a new user. I came across your userpage somehow, and just decided to write to you. Well, actually the thing is that, I have just written my first article..on Igor Andreev..and I just wanted someone to look at it and let me know if I've gone about the right way. I'll be really obliged if you could look at the page once. Thanks a ton! --Aabha R 14:07, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It is pretty good; I fixed up one or two stylistic problems, but other than that it looks good to me. Well done. (BTW: you should probably set up a user page. Red links make people nervous and a wee bit suspicious.) --Maru (talk) 15:11, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for having a look, and replying. Appreciate it! And thanks for the tip about the user page! Aabha R 19:42, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks Maru for taking that. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:43, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Chris Floyd
hi. it looks like you did a move

04:06, 3 October 2005 Redwolf24 m (Chris Floyd - Empire Burlesque moved to Chris Floyd)

the move had been requested but the article's creator (who also requested the move) went ahead and made a new article at Chris Floyd that, in our opinions, had looked much better. is there any way to get that version back? Nateji77 16:25, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I restored the deletion, so weed through the history and find it. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:43, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Redwolf24/Archive22


text:
User talk:Drbauman

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Physchim62 20:07, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

October 2007
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Collectonian 01:27, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Collectonian 01:31, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Drbauman


text:
Disciples II: Dark Prophecy

Disciples II: Dark Prophecy is a 2002 turn-based strategy game by Strategy First for Microsoft Windows. It is the sequel to the 1999 game Disciples: Sacred Lands, and has become significantly more successful in terms of both sales and popularity than its predecessor. A collector's edition version of the game was released, which included a card game based upon the story and five extra quests.

Three expansion packs were released: Guardians of the Light, Servants of the Dark, and Rise of the Elves. Two compilation editions followed: Disciples 2: Gallean's Return contains the base game plus Guardians of the Light and Servants of the Dark, while Disciples II: Rise of the Elves combines the base game with Rise of the Elves and an additional campaign.

Developed by Linux Game Publishing, a port for Linux was in development between 2002 and 2003 before going unreleased. A port of Disciples II for the Nintendo DS was in development, but not released. A sequel named Disciples III: Renaissance was released in 2009.

Gameplay
Disciples II is a fantasy strategy game, set in a fictional kingdom called Nevendaar (also referred to as 'The Sacred Lands'). The main focus of the story revolves around four dominant races in a state of almost constant war. These four factions are the human Empire, the dwarven Mountain Clans, the demonic Legions of the Damned, and the skeletal Undead Hordes. There are also several other 'neutral' races such as Merfolk, Greenskins and Elves (the Elves became a full-fledged playable race with the addition of the expansion pack 'Rise of the Elves').

The gameplay is divided into three main parts; building up the Capital City of your race so that you can research new Warriors and spells, and building up new armies (this involves careful resource management); using heroes (leading small squads) to explore the surroundings, procure resources and attack the enemy; and finally the battles themselves.

Each playable race's Capital City is protected by an extremely powerful guardian, who is nearly impossible to defeat except with a very strong hero. The Capital City is the only city capable of building structures. Other cities may only upgrade themselves to allow them to mount larger defense forces.

Battles consist of confrontations between a hero's squad (which can take up to five other Warriors, bearing in mind that some large creatures such as dragons take up the space of two units) and an enemy squad. High praise is given to the excellent graphics and animations in these battles. At the end of the battle, the winning side receives experience points. All surviving units receive the same amount of XP. If sufficient XP is accumulated by a unit, it may then upgrade to another, determined by the type of structures in the Capital. If no next-level structures have been built, the unit does not level up and does not receive any more experience until the structure is built. The only exception is if the unit is at the end of the "upgrade tree", in which case it will remain the same unit but gain small increases to health, attack damage, and accuracy stats.

At the beginning of a campaign, the player may select his or her class (warrior, mage, or guildmaster). Each class has advantages and disadvantages. For example, a mage player may cast the same spell twice in a single turn, while a guildmaster has the ability to carry out more types of spying/assassination assignments. Besides player classes, the game also features five types of heroes (or leaders): Warrior, Mage, Ranger, Rod Bearer, and Thief. The first three differ only slightly, as they are all combat leaders. The Rod Bearers are the only leaders capable of claiming resources on the map. Thieves may perform special actions on enemy armies and cities.

Spellcasting may only be done outside of battles and requires the use of mana to both research and cast a spell. There are four types of mana (life, runic, death, and infernal) with the fifth type (grove) added for the Rise of the Elves expansion. Each race's spells are mainly reliant on their corresponding mana type (e.g. Empire -> life mana), although other mana types are required for higher-level spells. Grove mana is only required for Elven spells. Only one spell may be researched per turn, and a spell may only be cast once per turn (twice if the player is a mage class). Also, a mage player researches spells at half the normal cost.

During the single-player campaigns, the player may transfer one leader and five artifacts (including potions and one-shot spells) to the next level. At the end of a campaign, an option is given to save the player's top leader in a file for use in custom or multiplayer games.

Dark Prophecy
The game received "favorable" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. It was a nominee for GameSpot's annual "Best Graphics (Artistic) on PC" and "Best Game No One Played on PC" awards.

Guardians of the Light
The Guardians of the Light expansion pack received "average" reviews according to Metacritic.

Servants of the Dark
The Servants of the Dark expansion pack received more "mixed" reviews than the first two games according to Metacritic.

Rise of the Elves
The Rise of the Elves add-on received "favorable" reviews according to Metacritic.

Gold Edition
The Gold Edition received "favorable" reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings.

title: Disciples II: Dark Prophecy


text: Talk:Nobel Prize in Physics

title: Talk:Nobel Prize in Physics


text:
TC-class blimp

The TC-3 and the TC-7 were the two United States Army Air Corps non-rigid blimps used for parasite fighter trials conducted in 1923–24. A single Sperry Messenger biplane was equipped with a skyhook to engage the temporary trapeze mounted to the control carriage of the blimp itself. The first successful docking was achieved on December 15, 1924. Despite the completely successful results of the program, the Army chose not to develop the concept further. It was the Navy which began the better-known project in 1925 using rigid airships, the USS Los Angeles (ZR-3), the USS Macon (ZRS-5) and the USS Akron (ZRS-4).

title: TC-class blimp


text:
The Tymes

The Tymes are an American soul vocal group who enjoyed equal success in the United Kingdom and in their homeland. They are one of the few acts to have one and only one chart-topper in both the US and UK with different songs.

Early career
The group was formed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1956 as the Latineers, by Donald Banks (bass), Albert Berry (first tenor), Norman Burnett (baritone), and George Hilliard (second tenor). After a four-year stint on Philadelphia's club circuit, they recruited a new lead vocalist, George Williams in 1960, and changed their name to the Tymes.

The Tymes had hits in the UK in the 1960s with songs such as "So Much in Love", a US chart-topper and million-seller in 1963, "Wonderful! Wonderful!" (a remake of the Johnny Mathis hit from 1957), "Somewhere", then in the 1970s with "You Little Trustmaker" and "Ms Grace". The last of these became the group's biggest UK hit, reaching number one on the UK Singles Chart in 1975, but barely dented the Billboard Hot 100, long after the success of "So Much in Love". "Ms Grace", while only charting modestly in the US, was and remains a regional hit with the Carolina Beach Music scene. By 1976, Albert Berry and George Hilliard had been replaced with female singers Terri Gonzales and Melanie Moore. Gonzales later recorded a solo album with Nile Rodgers while Moore worked as session vocalist with Kleeer and artists like Chaka Khan.

The Tymes were also the Jewels (obviously not to be confused with the R&B girl group the Jewels), as in Billy Abbott and the Jewels, whose only Hot 100 and Cashbox Top 100 entry was "Groovy Baby" in July 1963. In 1963, American Bandstand signed the Tymes to Dick Clark's Caravan of Stars national US tour.

Later career
In 1980, a single, "Brothers And Sisters" bw "Louise" was released in the UK on Hammer HS 311. It was credited to The Tymes Featuring George Williams. The A side was very much in the Drifters' UK period vein.

Their song "So Much in Love" was elected to the Songs of the Century in 2001. In 2005, the Tymes were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame. The Tymes continue to perform with surviving original members Berry and Burnett. The group appeared on the 2003 PBS special My Music: Love Songs of the 50s and 60s, one of the last times all five original members performed live.

Deceased members

 * George Williams - born George Reginald Williams Jr, December 6, 1935, Philadelphia — died July 28, 2004, Maple Shade, New Jersey - lead vocals
 * Donald Banks - died October 7, 2011, aged 72 - bass
 * George Hilliard - died September 24, 2014, age 73 - second tenor

title: The Tymes


text:
Minichamps

Minichamps is a die-cast model car brand founded as Paul's Model Art GmbH in 1990 in Aachen, Germany, best known for its 1:18, 1:43 and 1:64 scale models. The company grew out of the Danhausen trade catalog of miniature vehicles and specially made Danhausen diecast releases during the 1970s.

The Danhausen legacy
Danhausen was a trade company established in 1921 which sold a variety of products like bicycles and motorscooters. As time passed it focused more on toys and by 1971 the company was owned by the Grandsons of Emma Danhausen, Hans Peter and Paul Gunter Lang. At this time the Lang brothers moved into selling model cars both over-the-counter and by mail order. The brothers distributed many different marques of mainly 1:43 scale models and began to publish the famous Danhausen World Model Car Book annually from 1971 to 1993, which was the last word in available 1:43 scale models worldwide. The last edition of the catalog in 1993 was 350 pages long and listed 15,000 models.

During the mid-1970s, the Langs contracted with several companies, including Tin Wizard, Western Models and AMR (André Marie Ruf) as suppliers of the models they desired. These were almost exclusively made in white metal and the cars provided were given several different names; one was 'SD Modelle', another 'Metal 43', 'Plumbies' and 'Plumbies Inter'. Yet another was to go on to become the permanent name for the company – Minichamps by Danhausen, at first mainly a range of racing cars. Reportedly, the first model offered to Danhausen by Western Models was a Mercedes-Benz 540K. Though using other companies' miniatures, Danhausen became a model name unto itself and as time passed the brothers tried to cement the relationship as Western Models had supplied Danhausen for about a decade. The Langs wanted to buy Western Models, but owner Mike Stephens declined. Eventually they purchased AMR and Danhausen was finally a de facto producer.

During the 1980s, Danhausen moved into HO scale, producing many white metal models in either kit or fully finished form. These models were called 'Metal 87' and included at least 33 different vehicles.

In the late 1980s, the Lang brothers had a dispute at the future direction of the company and Hans Peter departed to start his own hobby shop. From this time on, the Danhausen name was minimized (though a website with the name remained operational, similar to that of Minichamps). Paul Gunter and his wife, Romy, took over the business and formed Paul's Model Art in the late 1990s, which is a name still used alongside the main line of Minichamps. Paul's Model Art started a trend of moving production to China – as labor costs made models too expensive to fabricate in Europe. Generally, diecast models were increasingly made for adult clientele – so the industry was entering a new era when models would not be played with by younger folk, so the question of cars holding their value (that is, with more surviving for longer periods of time) became a central question.

Some of the earliest cars to carry the Minichamps name were made in the late 1970s and were kits. One example was the BMW 320 Turbo with 40 parts. The models required preparations made in advance to be assembled easily.

Paul's Model Art
The first Paul's Model Art diecast car made by Minichamps appeared in 1990; a 1:43 scale model of the Audi V8 driven by Hans-Joachim Stuck which won the 1990 German Touring Car Championship. By 1995 Minichamps was manufacturing more than 110 different castings in several hundred different racing liveries and three different scales – and was also a sponsor of various race teams. The company was officially named Minichamps GmbH in 1996. Minichamps produces die-cast models of Formula One cars and other racing cars, road cars, 1:12 scale motorcycles, trucks, buses, and military vehicles. Cars in 1:43 scale have exceptional detail including items like badges in the center of steering wheels and hubcaps, and separately molded parts for windshield visors, door handles, air vents, headlight lamp lenses, and hood badges. Most of the production is carried out in China. Several car manufacturers, including Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Porsche, Volkswagen, Opel and BMW, have licensed the company to produce official promotional scale models.

UT Models and lawsuit
During the 1990s, in collaboration with Kelvin Kwan of Unique Toys (UT Models), Hong Kong, a line of 1:18 scale models was introduced. Kwan had apparently pushed for development of most of the selection for the UT series of model cars. A small line of 1:64 models called "MicroChamps" was also introduced in 1994 but discontinued in 1999. It included a series McLaren cars driven by Michael Schumacher. In 2009, a new line of 1:64 models was introduced called "MiniChamps 64".

Related to UT Models, in 2004, a lawsuit in Hong Kong courts was initiated by Paul's Model Art as the plaintiff. UT Models and Gateway Global and Gateway Hong Kong was accused of selling certain models in Germany to which Paul's Model Art claimed to have sole distribution rights. It claimed that UT Models had used Gateway for new offerings to circumvent Paul's Model Art's marketing deal. As of 2013, the lawsuit between Paul's Model Art and AUTOArt's parent company, Gateway Global, is still ongoing.

title: Minichamps


text:
2002 ISSF World Cup

For the 2002 ISSF World Cup in the seventeen Olympic shooting events, the World Cup Final was held in August 2002 in Munich, Germany for the rifle, pistol and running target events, and in October 2002 in Lonato, Italy for the shotgun events.

title: 2002 ISSF World Cup


text:
Talk:American war crimes

Untitled
why hasnt any one started an workink on this?

" Bombing of Dresden, Bombing of Tokyo , Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki "

Bullshit. When germans & japanese started war they should know this can occur. This was lession for other aggressors.

Surely these were civilian targets, and so war crimes as per the usual definition?

title: Talk:American war crimes


text:
Amancay

Amancay or Amankay is a common name of Quechua origin.

Yurak amankay (Quechua for 'white lily ' ) was occasionally used as a title, with the addition of several more, when referring to the most respected noble ladies of the Inca Empire.

The original denomination for the city of Abancay, capital of the Apurimac region in Peru, is attributed to a princess or "ñusta" of Inca epoch called Amanqay. In essence, the word Abancay comes from a corruption of the Quechua "Hamanqay o Amancaes" (Hemenocallis longipetala).

Amancay may refer to several plants:

 * Alstroemeria, which is commonly called Peruvian Lily or Lily of the Incas, in South America, especially
 * Alstroemeria pelegrina
 * Alstroemeria fiebrigiana
 * Alstroemeria aurantiaca
 * Alstroemeria patagonica
 * Lagerstroemia species, which are often called "Amancay" in cultivation.
 * Ismene amancaes, which is called Peruvian daffodil or Amancae

title: Amancay


text:
File:Earthsiege screenshot.gif

Summary
A screenshot of the computer video game Earthsiege.

title: File:Earthsiege screenshot.gif


text:
Majorization

In mathematics, majorization is a preorder on vectors of real numbers. For two such vectors, $$\mathbf{x},\ \mathbf{y} \in \mathbb{R}^n$$, we say that $$ \mathbf{x} $$ weakly majorizes (or dominates) $$ \mathbf{y} $$ from below, commonly denoted $$ \mathbf{x} \succ_w \mathbf{y}, $$ when
 * $$ \sum_{i=1}^k x_i^{\downarrow} \geq \sum_{i=1}^k y_i^{\downarrow}$$ for all $$ k=1,\,\dots,\,n$$,

where $$x_i^{\downarrow}$$ denotes $$i$$th largest entry of $$x$$. If $$\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{y}$$ further satisfy $$\sum_{i=1}^n x_i = \sum_{i=1}^n y_i$$, we say that $$ \mathbf{x} $$ majorizes (or dominates) $$ \mathbf{y} $$, commonly denoted $$ \mathbf{x} \succ \mathbf{y}$$. Majorization is a partial order for vectors whose entries are non-decreasing, but only a preorder for general vectors, since majorization is agnostic to the ordering of the entries in vectors, e.g., the statement $$(1,2)\prec (0,3)$$ is simply equivalent to $$(2,1)\prec (3,0)$$.

Majorizing also sometimes refers to entrywise ordering, e.g. the real-valued function f majorizes the real-valued function g when $$f(x) \geq g(x)$$ for all $$x$$ in the domain, or other technical definitions, such as majorizing measures in probability theory.

Geometric definition
For $$\mathbf{x},\ \mathbf{y} \in \mathbb{R}^n,$$ we have $$\mathbf{x} \prec \mathbf{y}$$ if and only if $$\mathbf{x}$$ is in the convex hull of all vectors obtained by permuting the coordinates of $$\mathbf{y}$$. This is equivalent to saying that $$\mathbf{x} = \mathbf{D}\mathbf{y}$$ for some doubly stochastic matrix $$\mathbf{D}$$. In particular, $$\mathbf{x}$$ can be written as a convex combination of $$n$$ permutations of $$\mathbf{y}$$.

Figure 1 displays the convex hull in 2D for the vector $$\mathbf{y}=(3,\,1)$$. Notice that the center of the convex hull, which is an interval in this case, is the vector $$\mathbf{x}=(2,\,2)$$. This is the "smallest" vector satisfying $$\mathbf{x} \prec \mathbf{y}$$ for this given vector $$\mathbf{y}$$. Figure 2 shows the convex hull in 3D. The center of the convex hull, which is a 2D polygon in this case, is the "smallest" vector $$\mathbf{x}$$ satisfying $$\mathbf{x} \prec \mathbf{y}$$ for this given vector $$\mathbf{y}$$.

Other definitions
Each of the following statements is true if and only if $$\mathbf{x}\succ \mathbf{y}$$.
 * From $$\mathbf{x}$$ we can produce $$\mathbf{y}$$ by a finite sequence of "Robin Hood operations" where we replace two elements $$x_i$$ and $$x_j < x_i$$ with $$x_i-\varepsilon$$ and $$x_j+\varepsilon$$, respectively, for some $$\varepsilon \in (0, x_i-x_j)$$.
 * For every convex function $$h:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}$$, $$\sum_{i=1}^d h(x_i) \geq \sum_{i=1}^d h(y_i)$$.
 * In fact, a special case suffices: $$\sum_i{x_i}=\sum_i{y_i}$$ and, for every $t$, $$\sum_{i=1}^d \max(0,x_i-t) \geq\sum_{i=1}^d \max(0,y_i-t)$$.
 * For every $$t \in \mathbb{R}$$, $$ \sum_{j=1}^d |x_j-t| \geq \sum_{j=1}^d |y_j-t|$$.

Examples
Among non-negative vectors with three components, $$(1, 0, 0)$$ and permutations of it majorize all other vectors $$(p_1, p_2, p_3)$$ such that $$p_1 + p_2 + p_3 = 1$$. For example, $$(1, 0, 0) \succ (1/2, 0, 1/2)$$. Similarly, $$(1/3, 1/3, 1/3)$$ is majorized by all other such vectors, so $$(1/2, 0, 1/2) \succ (1/3, 1/3, 1/3)$$.

This behavior extends to general-length probability vectors: the singleton vector majorizes all other probability vectors, and the uniform distribution is majorized by all probability vectors.

Schur convexity
A function $$f:\mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}$$ is said to be Schur convex when $$\mathbf{x} \succ \mathbf{y}$$ implies $$f(\mathbf{x}) \geq f(\mathbf{y})$$. Hence, Schur-convex functions translate the ordering of vectors to a standard ordering in $$\mathbb{R}$$. Similarly, $$f(\mathbf{x})$$ is Schur concave when $$\mathbf{x} \succ \mathbf{y}$$ implies $$f(\mathbf{x}) \leq f(\mathbf{y}).$$

An example of a Schur-convex function is the max function, $$\max(\mathbf{x})=x_{1}^{\downarrow}$$. Schur convex functions are necessarily symmetric that the entries of it argument can be switched without modifying the value of the function. Therefore, linear functions, which are convex, are not Schur-convex unless they are symmetric. If a function is symmetric and convex, then it is Schur-convex.

Generalizations
Majorization can be generalized to the Lorenz ordering, a partial order on distribution functions. For example, a wealth distribution is Lorenz-greater than another if its Lorenz curve lies below the other. As such, a Lorenz-greater wealth distribution has a higher Gini coefficient, and has more income disparity.

The majorization preorder can be naturally extended to density matrices in the context of quantum information. In particular, $$\rho\succ\rho'$$ exactly when $$\mathrm{spec}[\rho]\succ\mathrm{spec}[\rho']$$ (where $$\mathrm{spec}$$ denotes the state's spectrum).

Similarly, one can say a Hermitian operator, $$\mathbf{H}$$, majorizes another, $$\mathbf{M}$$, if the set of eigenvalues of $$\mathbf{H}$$ majorizes that of $$\mathbf{M}$$.

Software

 * OCTAVE/MATLAB code to check majorization

title: Majorization


text:
Windermere School

Windermere School is a independent co-educational boarding and day school in the English Lake District. Founded in 1863, it has approximately 360 pupils between the ages of 3 and 18, around a third of whom are boarders. The School is split across three campuses on over fifty acres of land: the junior school at Elleray; the senior school and sixth form at Browhead; and Hodge Howe, the school's Royal Yachting Association watersports centre on the shores of Lake Windermere.

Windermere was named Sunday Times International Baccalaureate School of the Year for 2017-2018 and is a member of Round Square and the Society of Headmasters & Headmistresses of Independent Schools. The Good Schools Guide describes Windermere as 'a school which revels in a hearty approach to everything from academia to friendships'. In the latest inspection report by the Independent Schools’ Inspectorate (February 2018), Windermere School received the highest grades for the quality of the education provided; it was recognised as ‘Excellent’ for both categories: academic and other achievements, and personal development.

History
The school was founded in 1863 in the Lancashire coastal town of Lytham, by schoolmistresses Elizabeth Hall and Catherine Sharpe. Its first premises were rooms in Hall's parents' house, 'The Coppice', near the Lytham seafront. The school moved into its own house on Agnes Street two years later. It was named 'The School for the Accomplished', and catered for the daughters (and a few sons) of Lancashire industrialists. Hall and Sharpe later moved it to Belgrave House on St Anne's Road West in the new town of St Annes-on-Sea, two miles up the coast. Boy pupils were phased out during this time and the ever-expanding girls' school eventually moved again to a purpose-built house at 40, North Promenade, St Annes, in 1887 as 'St Anne's High School for Girls'.

The most significant move was in 1924, when the school left Lancashire for the Browhead Estate in Windermere, Westmorland. The then vacant house had been acquired by joint headmistresses Helen Leigh and E.M. Morrison, possibly with financial assistance from Leigh's husband. The name was altered to 'St Anne's School, Windermere' and the school has remained, and expanded, at Browhead ever since. The neighbouring estate of Elleray was acquired in 1944 to house the school's preparatory and pre-preparatory departments.

Young boys had been educated at Elleray since the 1970s, and boys were finally admitted to the senior school in 1999. Boys now make up half the school roll across all ages.

The school's name was simplified to 'Windermere School' in 2010.

Headmistresses and Headmasters

 * Catherine Sharpe (1863 - 1899)
 * Elizabeth Hall (1863 - 1907)
 * Helen Leigh (née Fulstow) (1899 - ?)
 * E. M. Morrison (1907 - 1944)
 * Vera Crampton (1944 - 1972)
 * Michael Jenkins (1972 - 1996)
 * Ross Hunter (1996 - 1999)
 * Wendy Ellis (1999 - 2005)
 * Allan Graham (2005 - 2010)
 * Ian Lavender (2010 – 2021)
 * Tom Hill (2022 – 2023)
 * Jenny Davies (Interim, 2023)
 * Frank Thompson (2024 - Present)

Curriculum
The National Curriculum is followed at all levels. Sixth form students may pursue the International Baccalaureate Diploma and the International Baccalaureate Career-related Programme. Students also have the opportunity to take BTEC courses in the Sixth Form.

Browhead Campus
The Senior School is based at Browhead — a wooded, fellside estate, a mile from the village of Windermere. At its heart is a large Victorian house, home to the school's administrative centre, library, and girls' boarding accommodation on the upper floors. Crampton Hall was added in 1967. Other buildings on site include the Westmorland and Langdale boarding houses for Sixth Formers and boys respectively, a science complex, additional classrooms, Jenkins Centre (for the Music, Performing Arts and Languages departments, plus dining hall and kitchens), the Art and Technology department at South Lodge, additional staff accommodation at North Lodge, the Headmaster's house (Brow Wood), the Astroturf hockey pitch, tennis courts, sports hall and sports field. Much of the landscaping and planting date from the nineteenth century, and the estate is home to a variety of rare plants and trees.

Elleray Campus
Windermere School's Elleray Campus occupies the neighbouring estate of Elleray, on the outskirts of Windermere. A large Victorian house forms the centre of the school, and more recent extensions house its infant and nursery departments. Elleray has its own sports pitches and tennis court, and the surrounding fields serve as a playground. Three eco-friendly 'pod' classrooms were built in 2009.

Hodge Howe Watersports Centre
The school's third campus is its watersports centre, Hodge Howe, on the shore of Windermere. There is a central pavilion with changing facilities, a boathouse, harbour and extensive wooded grounds. Hodge Howe is an RYA Teaching Centre. In 2018, Hodge Howe became a British Youth Sailing Recognised Club by the RYA for its race training, becoming the first school facility in the UK to earn this status.

Boarding
Boarding has been a central tradition since the school's foundation. Today, boarders account for approximately half the senior school pupils, and there are a small number from Elleray. Boarders live in one of three houses, all at the senior school site:

Westmorland House
Westmorland House is the Sixth Form centre, acting as both boarding house and study centre for students aged 16 to 18. Boarders live in single-sex flats of five, complete with kitchenette and a common room. Day students are also assigned to a flat. The Houseparents have their own flat in the building, as do other house staff.

Browhead
Browhead houses girl boarders from the ages of eight to 16. It comprises the two upper floors of the main school building. The girls sleep in dormitories until Year 9 (ages 14/15), after which they transfer to double or single study bedrooms for their two GCSE years. Many of the Browhead rooms retain original Victorian features.

Langdale House
Langdale houses boy boarders from the ages of eight to 16. Purpose-built in a Scandinavian style in 2001, it operates the same sleeping arrangements as Browhead.

Houses
The school is divided into four houses. They are Cavendish (red), Flemyng (blue), Lonsdale (green) and Strickland (yellow).

Uniform
Girls wear a navy kilt and jumper worn over a white and navy striped blouse. In addition, girls still wear the striped 'deckchair' blazer — one of the few reminders of the school's seaside past. Boys wear a plain navy blazer and grey trousers, with a white shirt and navy school tie. Sixth formers wear dark suits of their own choosing.

Stannites
Former Windermere pupils are known as 'Stannites', a word derived from the school's original name. The Stannite Association organises annual reunions and other events. Notable Stannites include:
 * Elisabeta Karina de Roumanie, second in line to the Romanian throne
 * Julia Tizard, Vice President of Virgin Galactic
 * Jackie Baillie, Labour MSP for Dumbarton
 * Samuel Etherington, inventor and UK Winner of the James Dyson Award
 * Daniella Draper, jeweller

title: Windermere School


text: Category:Olmec

title: Category:Olmec


text: User talk:88.109.49.18

title: User talk:88.109.49.18