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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nintencats

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 21:51, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Nintencats
This is not a real game. This is clearly shown by the External Links, one of which is to a uncyclopedia article, while the other is to an interview which said that Nintendogs began as a cat simulator. Sonic Mew | talk to me 20:53, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete No hard evidence this game will ever appear.StephenJMuir 21:28, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nothing but rumors and speculation. Wikipedia is not a crystal ball. Andrew pmk | Talk 23:18, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * No, I do not detect the sweet smell of truth, only the stench of rumors. My nose is disappointed. It wants to delete. -- Captain Disdain 03:43, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. The message from the page's history says "(1000+ google hits. and is NOT personal speculation.)".  There was more than 1000 google hits for this.  Since it is not personal speculation.  Some common fan speculation that exceeds 1000 google hits I believe is allowed on Wikipedia. Agreed? --SuperDude 06:06, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It seems highly unlikely that Nintendo would make such a spin-off considering Nintendogs' commercial success. Maxistheman 11:43, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/REX/Workshop

This is a page for working on Arbitration decisions. It provides for suggestions by Arbitrators and other users and for comment by arbitrators, the parties and others. After the analysis of /Evidence here and development of proposed principles, findings of fact, and remedies, Arbitrators will place proposed items they have confidence in on /Proposed decision.

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=Proposed final decision=

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Civility

 *  Assume good faith. Wikipedia has worked remarkably well so far based on a policy of nearly complete freedom to edit. People come here to collaborate and write good articles.
 *  Treat others as you would have them treat you.
 *  Be polite, please!
 *  Work toward agreement.
 *  Be civil.
 *  If you're arguing, take a break; if you're mediating, recommend a break.
 *  Remember what Wikipedia is not.
 *  Avoid reverts and deletions whenever possible, and stay within the three-revert rule except in cases of clear vandalism. Explain reversions in the edit summary box.

 * Comment by Arbitrators:

 * Comment by parties:

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No personal attacks
1) Do not make personal attacks anywhere in Wikipedia. Comment on content, not on the contributor. Personal attacks damage the community and deter users. Nobody likes abuse.

 * Comment by Arbitrators:

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Neutral point of view
3) Neutral point of view contemplates that all significant points of view regarding a subject shall be fairly expressed in an article regarding a that subject. Neutral point of view as defined on Wikipedia contemplates inclusion of all significant perspectives regarding a subject. While majority perspectives may be favored by more detailed coverage, minority perspectives should also receive sufficient coverage. No perspective is to be presented as the "truth"; all perpectives are to be attributed to their advocates. When there is significant disagreement amongst commentators as to what is the "truth", neutral point of view requires that all reasonable perspectives be fairly presented, without any conclusion as to which is correct.

 * Comment by Arbitrators:
 * I've expanded this expression of the NPOV principle because this edit war is over two groups both of which wish the article to express "truth"; neither side is willing to admit that "truth" is disputed. Kelly Martin (talk) 15:09, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

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Personal attacks and incivility by REX
1) REX has engaged in incivility and personal attacks, , and

 * Comment by Arbitrators:
 * It is fair to criticize Greek nationalism but courteously Fred Bauder 14:34, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment by parties:
 * Is it allowed to criticise Albanian nationalism without being courteous?, , , , , . Also, what is this? If that is not a "direct" personal attack, I don't know what is. I have never said anything like that. Why is my just behavior being considered again? Is severe provocation a valid defence? Rex(talk)Flag of Albania.svg 18:34, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

Likewise it is fair to criticize Albanian nationalism, but courteously Fred Bauder 15:07, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment by others:

One thing leads to another
1.1) Following attacks by REX Matia.gr was also drawn into the negative pattern

 * Comment by Arbitrators:
 * No it is not OK to refer to another user as a "troll" Fred Bauder 15:54, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment by parties:
 * I was drawn into the negative pattern as well. Theathenae made the first "personal attack." Also, why can Matia.gr call me a troll if it is not OK? Is he somehow "exempt" from that rule? I can't help feeling that I am being singled out and being scrutinised for something that everyone else is doing, I didn't even start this chain reaction (Theathenae did). Also, I should point out that I have never specifically called anyone a nationalist, nazi or extremist, I just referred to them abstractly, I could be referring to anyone (even someone in real life). Theathenae has specifically used such terms directed specifically at me (or someone else) in all my examples (ie he makes worse PA). Rex(talk)Flag of Albania.svg 17:10, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstract references count Fred Bauder 17:33, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, but they are not as bad (or as hurtful) as direct unequivocal accusations of narrow minded Albanian fanaticism and affiliations to the UÇK (terrorists). At least abstract ones cast some doubt over who is being referred to. What, are Albanians too low down the food-chain and one can make derogatory accusations against them, but Greeks are too holy to even imply something? I still don't get why I am being scrutinised here, while other users are making worse personal attacks. Rex(talk)Flag of Albania.svg 17:50, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Also, I've noticed that you've refrained from commenting on the fact that Theathenae made the FIRST personal attack (and it was direct, unlike all of mine) and that it all started there. You are displaying it as if I started it all. Why? Rex(talk)Flag of Albania.svg 17:57, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

Yes, this edit is certainly uncalled for. Fred Bauder 14:59, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes I have called REX a troll, and this is a mistake of mine. +MATIA ☎ 23:12, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I am not (and I think I wouldn't want to be) Theathenae's advocate. But a) he had given explanations about Mr Sterbinski. One of the times he explained it was to User:FlavSavr link User:I_sterbinski asked me why I shot at his grandfather during the war. Considering the absurdity of the question, and the fact that no one here was alive then, it was the only appropriate answer. Still, it appears my viperous tongue was enough to earn me a place in an international human rights report as yet another example of those sub-Saharan savages/human rights abusers who call themselves Greeks but have nothing to do with the Hellenic culture. I am still laughing.--Theathenae 14:06, 28 August 2005 (UTC) (the "last" post of Mr Sterbinski mentioned that Theathenae will be included in their "secret - human's right watch organization" (sic) report. Dbachmann is one of the admins who is aware of those talks on macedonia related articles, and Mr Sterbinski's activities back then. At some point, probably before August, I had reported Mr Sterbinski (WP:ANI?) because he had said that he will edit WP anonymously and admins won't be able to block him because he has 1000 IPs (or something similar) Talk:Macedonia (region)/Archive 1 link1, Talk:Macedonia (region)/Archive 2 link2, Administrators%27_noticeboard/IncidentArchive41 And b) User:Albanau had said at some points phrases that looked like he was pro-UCK, but later he (somewhat) rephrased/re-worded them (probably at Talk:Arvanites). +MATIA  ☎ 16:03, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Matia, I know for sure that the person(s) that used that account for the most of the time are not going to make any further edits at Wikipedia. Therefore, it is really not fair to attack him/them because they will not deffend.
 * Anyway, if you do not remember, their final post included a part saying that they intentionaly sent some provocative edits. Also, I know for sure that they never made and never will make anonimous edits. So, I sugest you to stop inventing things just in order to deffend your position.
 * NOTE: If any of the administrators would like to ask me something concerning isterbinski account, he can do it privately and I will be glad to talk with them about all that I know about this case. But, I have to say that I do not know much.
 * Concerning User:Theathenae... hmm, what can I say. That is definitly not his only edit where he confirms his nationalistic views.
 * You say he sent an answer on that edit. I wonder... Why did he do that when he was accused of that and when the administrators were informed about that? Why he didn't appologise or explain what was he thinking at the time before he was accused?
 * Anyone can preach now that he didn't think bad, that he had a bad day, that he was provoked etc. But, in my oppinion that kind of edits should automaticaly draw life-time ban. The same User:Theathenae was already banned at the Swedish Wikipedia. I am sure that now he will explain us some tearful explanation that he tought nothing bad, but the fact stays: This is just one of many examples of the proven nationalism of this user. Macedonian(talk)Flag of the Republic of Macedonia.svg 03:49, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Are all these a revenge for reporting to WP:ANI? Where exactly on my previous comment I am attacking this/those user(s)? Should I provide (I'll need to search it) a list of other accounts related (along with diffs)? You say "that kind of edits should  automaticaly draw life-time ban" - would you apply this to the PA I got from you (aka User:Macedonian)? I could understand that you are concerned about proper presentation of wikis related to your people and your country, but everyone (that includes me) should draw a line somewhere. +MATIA  ☎ 10:40, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment by others:

REX violates NPOV
2) REX has violated Neutral point of view by removing points of view he is in disagreement with and.

 * Comment by Arbitrators:
 * The solution is to copyedit so that both points of view are fairly expressed. Fred Bauder 14:59, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment by parties:
 * There are no sources to support the claim that it has evolved seperatly over the past five centuries. In fact, the Helsinki Report seems to indicate that it has been isolated from Albanian for only 200 years. Of course this is original research, but so is the five centuries, it has no verifiability (this is well explained on the talk page). REX 15:08, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * If I can find em so could you Fred Bauder 16:04, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, to change the subject completely, Theathenae and Matia.gr removed the fact that the Arvanites of Northwestern Greece call themselves Shqiptarë and the number of Arvanitic speakers in Greece. These are facts from the Helsinki Report and Ethnologue. Is that not violating NPOV? Also, how am I supposed to interpret UNESCO, who says that Arvanitika is a diaspora dialect of Albanian. Are they wrong? Rex(talk)Flag of Albania.svg 17:57, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Matia.gr may also have erred Fred Bauder 19:32, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * No, I shouldn't have changed the subject. I have searched Google.com with a tooth-comb many times and I found nothing that says that Arvanitica has evolved on its own for five centuries. Do tell me, what did you find? (that is assuming that you did find something) Rex(talk)Flag of Albania.svg 18:36, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Neither could I Fred Bauder 19:32, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * My point exactly! My edits are backed by sources (as per Cite sources). Saying that it evolved on its own for 500 years is pure guesswork and according to No original research they cannot be used (although it is possible that it has been evolving on its own for the past 200 years as the Arvanites have been isolated from the Albanians for that long after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire, but without sources, I don't think that it should be in the article). According to Verifiability: One of the keys to writing good encyclopedia articles is to understand that they should refer only to facts, assertions, theories, ideas, claims, opinions, and arguments that have already been published by a reputable publisher. No reputable publisher has published what Matia.gr and Theathenae say. You can't say that I am being unreasonable, nor that I am violating WP:NPOV. That must be some kind of mistake. My edits are explained fully in my additional statement together with their sources. I haven't violated NPOV. If anyone is violating WP:NPOV, its Matia.gr and Theathenae. They are removing facts which are found in official publications and they have no sources to support what they are saying. Rex(talk)Flag of Albania.svg 19:49, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * NPOV is the ultimate policy and probably the most difficult to achieve in practice. As I've noted elsewhere before I'm trying to gather my personal notes on User:Matia.gr/Arvanites_sources. I do understand I'll have to prove that Arvanitika has developed seperatedly - but you may want to consider that both Arvanites and Arbëreshë were not in (full) contact with Albanians for many centuries, and they had long distance (in km) between them. I don't understand if REX disputes Biris, but we'll figure that out in the long run. The Arbëreshë wiki says they are ethnic Albanians, and I don't have any idea if that's correct or Albanian POV. I do know that Arvanites are not ethnic Albanians. If this is written clear on Arvanites then we can add Berisha's (Albanian prime minister or president - I don't remember exactly) claim that Arvanites are Albanians as minority view. I don't know any other source that supports that claim, and I remember Berisha because when he claimed so in an interview, we had protests by Arvanites in Greek mass media. I think it was early 90s but I haven't find an online source. There are some discussions on Talk:Arvanitic language that may also be considered. +MATIA ☎ 23:31, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Can you provide us with some kind of source? Anyway, even if you did, it would be irrelevant as everything you have said is irrelevant. I have NEVER called the Arvanites Albanians on that article. In fact, I have said that they identify as Greeks. I have said that that their language is a variety of Albanian. Is that not true according to every source we have? Name one Britannica, Encarta, UNESCO, the University of Ohio... You are wrong, I have never suggested that they are an Albanian minority like Sali Berisha said, I have always emphasised the fact that they identify as Greeks and in the southwest they even find being called Albanians offensive. Is that not true according to the Helsinki Report? I am stating the linguistic fact and you are misinterpreting it. By calling Arvanitika a dialect of Albanian, we are not calling the Arvanites Albanians. It is like the English language: we say that the Irish speak a dialect of English (Hiberno English), that doesn't mean that the Irish are being labeled English. Au contraire most Irish would utterly reject being called English. Rex(talk)Flag of Albania.svg 23:59, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
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Proposed remedies
Note: All remedies that refer to a period of time, for example to a ban of X months or a revert parole of Y months, are to run concurrently unless otherwise stated.

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Analysis of evidence
Place here items of evidence (with diffs) and detailed analysis

Helsinki report
http://www.greekhelsinki.gr/english/reports/arvanites.html

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Incivility by REX
has used insulting tone and offensive language in communications with, including strongly suggesting that Matia.gr is a "extreme right wing Greek" even after Matia.gr indicated that he found such language offensive. In one place REX declared that it was "time to get nasty". REX's interchanges with Matia.gr exhibit excessively incivil verbal jabs and insults.  In one edit summary REX compared Matia.gr to a Nazi; in another talk page post  he compared both Matia.gr and  to Nazis. He has referred to Matia.gr's edits as "vandalism", Matia.gr's behavior as "anti-social", and Matia.gr as a "hypocrit". He has also speculated in his edit summaries as to whether other editors may be "nationalists".

 * Comment by Arbitrators:
 * There seems to be a pattern of moderate incivility on the part of REX. This is not to say that there is not a similar pattern on the part of those whose edits he disagrees with.  The Nazi references are especially disturbing and definitely qualify as personal attacks.  Kelly Martin 01:24, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment by parties:
 * REX has apologised to me today, for associating me with far-right-extremists. +MATIA ☎ 00:01, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment by others:

Over the top
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Macedonia&diff=prev&oldid=20711858

 * Comment by Arbitrators:
 * Might be a problem here Fred Bauder 21:23, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

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 * Comment by others:
 * To be honest, I never read a worse comment on Wikipedia. If this pass without any sanctions, other users will automatically get a "pass ticket" for any similar comment. Macedonian(talk)Flag of the Republic of Macedonia.svg 04:38, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

General discussion

 * Comment by Arbitrators:

 * Comment by parties:

 * Comment by others:
 * I would like to express my oppinion and I would ask the arbitrations seriously to consider it.
 * As far as I could understand, this arbitration was asked by User:Theathenae. And, as far as I can see, the same user never (or almost never) got involved in it. In the same time, he is contributing to other pages, therefore he is present at Wikipedia. But, not at this arbitration. Why?
 * On the other hand, User:REX spends a lot of time here. He have written more text than all other involved parties. In same time, his contributions to the other pages where he was involved (in most cases against several nationalistic claims) got on very low level with a simple reason: this arbitration takes the most of his time.
 * Now, my oppinion about this arbitration. I think that this arbitration was provoked with one reason only: to take User:REX away from the issues he was involved in. The exact users that supported this arbitration are the ones who could not find any sources that will deny User:REX's sources (which most often were from very reliable sources).
 * All the parties involved in the same discutions, including the users who asked for this arbitration were acting in exact same way as User:REX. And, in my oppinion, I think that this user, together with User:FlavrSavr were the most neutral of the parties involved (not taking into account the administrators). So, why only this user got an arbitration against him? In my oppinion: Only because he was offering srong sources, so his opponents could not deffend their POVs, so they decided to try to eliminate User:REX.
 * This is just my oppinion. I would ask all other users not to try to present this as Personal Attack. Expressing my oppinion can not be personal attack. Also, having bad impresion about someone can not be represented as Personal attack.
 * All I ask for is you to consider it as an option (no matter weak or strong option). Thanks. Macedonian(talk)Flag of the Republic of Macedonia.svg 04:36, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually if you read Requests_for_arbitration/REX you'll see that REX filed that request, and I only joined this when I got too tired of his PA against me. +MATIA ☎ 10:47, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/OGA (Office Golf Association)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep due to lack of consensus. Rob Church Talk 02:57, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

OGA (Office Golf Association)
Supposed professional association for non-notable "sport". -- Antaeus Feldspar 20:53, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. -- Antaeus Feldspar 20:53, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Given the single copy/paste used to create the article and the complete lack of wikification, I'm wondering if the text may have been copied from This Book. Anyone with the book able to verify? GeeJo (t) (c) 21:00, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Not sure I understand "complete lack of wikification." This was converted from a document that I have written and have the rights to publish. Having not read or heard of the aforementioned book, I can reasonably say that information contained within was obtained independently. King Redbeard 21:27, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. This is so poorly written it could not have been copied from a book Wwwdude 21:41, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:82.18.176.115

title: User talk:82.18.176.115


text:
Francisco Javier Clavijero

Francisco Javier Clavijero Echegaray, SJ (sometimes Francesco Saverio Clavigero; September 9, 1731 – April 2, 1787) was a Mexican Jesuit teacher, scholar and historian. After the expulsion of the Jesuits from Spanish provinces in 1767, he went to Italy, where he wrote a valuable work on the pre-Columbian history and civilizations of Mesoamerica and the central Mexican altiplano.

Youth
Clavijero was born in Veracruz, Mexico to a Spanish father and a Criolla mother. His father worked for the Spanish crown, and was transferred frequently between towns. Most of the father's posts were to locations with a strong indigenous presence, and because of this Clavijero learned Nahuatl growing up. The family lived at various times in Teziutlán, Puebla, and later in Jamiltepec, in the Mixtec region of Oaxaca.

Clavijero's biographer, Juan Luis Maneiro, wrote:

"From the time of his boyhood, he had occasion to deal intimately with the indigenous people, to learn thoroughly their customs and nature, and to investigate attentively the many special things the land produces, be they plants, animals or minerals. There was no high mountain, dark cave, pleasant valley, spring, brook, or any other place that drew his curiosity to which the Indians did not take the boy to in order to please him."

Education
He began his studies in Puebla, at the college of San Jerónimo for grammar and the Jesuit college of San Ignacio for philosophy, Latin, and theology. Upon completion of these studies, he entered a seminary in Puebla, Puebla to study for the priesthood, but soon decided to become a Jesuit instead. In February 1748 he transferred to a Jesuit college in Tepotzotlán, State of Mexico. There he continued to study Latin and also learned ancient Greek, French, Portuguese, Italian, German, and English. In 1751 he was sent back to Puebla for further studies in philosophy. Here he was introduced to the works of such contemporary thinkers as Descartes, Newton, and Leibniz.

Clavijero was then sent to Mexico City, to complete his theological and philosophical studies at the Colegio de San Pedro y Pablo. Here he joined with other students of stature, including José Rafael Campoy, Andrés Cavo, Francisco Javier Alegre, Juan Luis Maneiro and Pedro José Márquez, part of a group known today as the "Mexican humanists of the eighteenth century". While still a student, he began teaching, and was made prefect of the Colegio de San Ildefonso. Later he was appointed to the chair of rhetoric in the Seminario Mayor of the Jesuits, an exceptional appointment as he had yet to be ordained as a priest.

Priestly vows, teaching, and historical investigations
In 1754, Clavijero was ordained a priest. He began to teach at the Colegio de San Gregorio, founded at the beginning of the colonial era to teach Indian youth. He spent five years there. Quoting from his biographer:

"In those five years he examined with great curiosity all the documents relating to the Mexican nation that had been collected in large numbers in the Colegio de San Pedro y San Pablo, and with great determination extracted from them precious treasures that later were published in the history he left for posterity."

Nevertheless, his time at San Gregorio was not without problems. In a letter dated April 3, 1761, Father Pedro Reales, vicar general of the Jesuits, rebuked him in a letter for

"having completely shaken off the yoke of obedience, responding with an 'I don't want to' to those who assigned you duties, as occurred yesterday, or at the very least this answer was given to the superior, who in truth did not know what path to take so that Your Reverence would fulfill and embrace your duty. Relocating you is hardly a solution, and Your Reverence's life and example have provided no satisfaction, almost completely removing the unique purpose of those who live in this college, and handing over to others jobs and studies that you fill."

It seems clear that these "other jobs and studies" of Father Clavijero referred to the Aztec codices and the books of the period of the Conquest that had been given to the college of San Pedro and San Pablo by Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora. Clavijero followed Sigüenza as an example in his investigations, and was very pleased with Sigüenza's benevolence to and love of the Indians. He also admired much of the culture of the Indians before their contact with Europeans. Clavijero never ceased to try to read the logograms in the codices.

Clavijero was transferred to the Colegio de San Javier in Puebla, also dedicated to the education of Indian youth. He taught there for three years. In 1764 he was transferred again, to Valladolid (now Morelia), to teach philosophy in the seminary there. More of a rationalist in philosophy than his predecessors, he was an innovator in the field. Good work in Valladolid got him promoted to the same position in Guadalajara. It was in Guadalajara that he finished his treatise Physica Particularis, which, together with Cursus Philosophicus, sets out his scientific and philosophical thought.

The expulsion of the Jesuits and Clavijero's work in Italy
As part of the Bourbon Reforms in Spanish America and the general suppression of the Jesuits by European monarchs in the late eighteenth century, the Jesuits were expelled from all the Spanish dominations on June 25, 1767, on orders of King Charles III. When Clavijero left the colony, he went first to Ferrara, Italy, but soon relocated to Bologna, Italy, where he lived the rest of his life.

In Italy he devoted his time to his historical investigations. Although he no longer had access to the Aztec codices, the reference works, and the accounts of the first Spanish conquistadors, he retained in his memory the information from his earlier studies. He was able to write the work he had always intended, La Historia Antigua de México (ISBN 968-6871-20-9). In Italy a work by the Prussian Cornelius de Pauw came to his attention. It was entitled Philosophical Investigations Concerning the Americans. This work revealed to Clavijero the extent of European ignorance about the nature and culture of pre-Columbian Americans, and spurred his work to show the true history of Mexico.

He worked for years on his history, consulting Italian libraries and corresponding with friends in Mexico who answered his questions by consulting the original works there. Finally his work was ready. It consisted of ten volumes containing the narrative of Mexican culture from before the Spanish conquest. The original manuscript was in Spanish, but Father Clavijero translated it into Italian, with the help of some of his Italian friends. The book was published at Cesena in 1780-81, and was received by scholars with great satisfaction. It was soon translated into English and German. It was also translated back into Spanish, and went through numerous editions in Mexico. Much later (1945) the original was published in Spanish.

His works
La Historia Antigua de México begins with a description of Anáhuac, and continues with the story of the Aztec wanderings. It treats of the politics, warfare, religion, customs, social organization and culture of the Aztecs. It establishes for the first time the chronology of the Indian peoples, and concludes with the history of the Conquest up to the imprisonment of Cuauhtémoc.

In contrast to many of his contemporaries, Clavijero promoted a view of the Indigenous as peaceful and good, while heavily criticizing the actions of the Spanish conquistadors. Clavijero's work is seen today as overly sentimental and unreliable, but it is still read by many historians who seek detailed information about early American daily life.

In addition to La Historia Antigua de México, Father Clavijero published these works:

 * Historia de la Antigua o Baja California, Venice, 1789. Four volumes. This is a summary of the works of the Jesuit missionaries in Baja California, including Miguel Venegas, Juan María Salvatierra, Eusebio Francisco Kino, Juan de Ugarte, Francisco María Piccolo, Fernando Consag and others. English translations were published in San Francisco in 1864 and in Los Angeles in 1938. This is a forerunner of modern historical scholarship, with much attention to sources.
 * Physica particularis. Essay.
 * Cursus philosophicus. Dissertation.
 * A history of the apparitions of the Virgin of Guadalupe.
 * Frutos en que comercia o puede comerciar la Nueva España. Essay.
 * Many letters, essays and dissertations dealing with Mexican culture, natural science, philosophy, and other subjects.

Legacy
Father Francisco Javier Clavijero died in Bologna April 2, 1787, at 4 in the afternoon. He was 56 years of age. He did not live to see the publication of Historia de la Antigua o Baja California.

On August 5, 1970, the remains of Father Clavijero were repatriated to Veracruz, the place of his birth. They were received with the honors due to an illustrious son. He is now interred in the Rotonda de los Personajes Ilustres in the Pantheon Dolores in Mexico City.

Schools, libraries, botanical gardens, avenues and parks throughout the Republic of Mexico have been named for him, including:
 * Biblioteca Francisco Xavier Clavigero, a private library of the Universidad Iberoamericana, in Mexico City.
 * Clavijero Botanical Garden, Xalapa

title: Francisco Javier Clavijero


text: Portal:Ancient Egypt/Selected article

title: Portal:Ancient Egypt/Selected article


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Red guitar

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete' Wikibofh 00:09, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Red guitar
Standard band vanity. Long on fulsome praise for the band, short of any sign of notability. -- Antaeus Feldspar 20:55, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Standard elitist, pedantic dribble. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.106.52.36 (talk • contribs), who authored the article.
 * Delete. -- Antaeus Feldspar 20:55, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Isn't it rather to one's credit to be hated by satan himself? Nice work, Red Guitar! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.24.179.29 (talk • contribs)

 * Delete as bandity. And puh-lease, do you think Satan has time to edit on Wikipedia? Being lord of darkness is so time-consuming. - A Man In Black (conspire | past ops) 07:33, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Did you mean bandit? Suggestions: bandit Banditti banditry bandits bandied bandy bandit's bandits' banality bankit pandit banded Band Aid Band-Aid

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Prague Metronome

Photo
Does anybody have a photo of the old Stalin monument?. Was it destroyed when Stalin's memory fell from grace, or did the Czechs 'arrange' for its destruction?. ChrisRed 20:55, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Marking this section as resolved, since there are images at Stalin Monument (Prague) and its corresponding Commons category. --- Another Believer ( Talk ) 11:53, 2 May 2016 (UTC)

Link
There is a link to an article about Stalin monument. http://www.radio.cz/en/article/66095

Question
Does anybody know why the Metronome is sometimes going back and forth and some days it is just still? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.113.131.58 (talk) 20:03, 5 August 2009 (UTC)

the metronome did not replace a statue of boris johnson as stated in the article
title says it all — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.20.215.128 (talk) 00:40, 7 May 2017 (UTC)

Just edited by myself DarkLight753 (talk) 10:51, 8 May 2017 (UTC)

Nonsense? Poor translation? Or perhaps I'm just not in the know.
"The area behind the metronome is also a popular cook spot where mothers from Europe and around the world congregate and film throughout the year"

This makes no sense. Vxcohaagen (talk) 09:21, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

I'm deleting this sentence. Vxcohaagen (talk) 05:39, 14 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Prague Metronome


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/REX/Proposed decision

all proposed

After considering /Evidence and discussing proposals with other arbitrators, parties and others at /Workshop place proposals which are ready for voting here.

Arbitrators should vote for or against each point or abstain.
 * Only items that receive a majority "support" vote will be passed.
 * Items that receive a majority "oppose" vote will be formally rejected.
 * Items that do not receive a majority "support" or "oppose" vote will be open to possible amendment by any Arbitrator if he so chooses. After the amendment process is complete, the item will be voted on one last time.

Conditional votes for or against and abstentions should be explained by the Arbitrator before or after his/her time-stamped signature. For example, an Arbitrator can state that she/he would only favor a particular remedy based on whether or not another remedy/remedies were passed.

On this case, no Arbitrators is/are recused and 5 is/are inactive, so 5 votes are a majority.

Proposed wording to be modified by Arbitrators and then voted on. Non-Arbitrators may comment on the talk page.
 * For all items:

Motions and requests by the parties
Place those on the discussion page.

Proposed temporary injunctions
Four net "support" votes needed to pass (each "oppose" vote subtracts a "support") 24 hours from the first vote is normally the fastest an injunction will be imposed.

Template
1)

{text of proposed orders}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

=Proposed final decision=

Neutral point of view
1) Neutral point of view contemplates that nationalist perspectives of both minority and majority groups should be included in Wikipedia articles.

 * Support:
 * Fred Bauder 21:03, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
 * James F. (talk) 01:09, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Kelly Martin (talk) 04:49, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * →Raul654 19:38, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Jayjg (talk) 19:50, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutralitytalk 21:57, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

No personal attacks
2) No personal attacks forbids personal attacks. As applied to this case, as editors with a nationalistic point of view are welcome to contribute that point of view, it is inappropriate to attack them for holding such views, or to bait or badger them with respect to those views.

 * Support:
 * Fred Bauder 21:03, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Kelly Martin (talk) 00:35, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * James F. (talk) 01:09, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * →Raul654 19:38, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Jayjg (talk) 19:50, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutralitytalk 21:57, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

Probation
3) Editors who are unable or unwilling to conform to Wikipedia policies with respect to issues which arise with respect to certain articles may be temporarily or permanently banned from editing those articles.

 * Support:
 * Fred Bauder 21:03, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Kelly Martin (talk) 00:35, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * James F. (talk) 01:09, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * →Raul654 19:38, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Jayjg (talk) 19:50, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutralitytalk 21:57, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

Focus of dispute
1) The nominal focus of this dispute is the articles Arvanites and Arvanitic language. The nominal dispute is over whether the Arvanitic language is to be characterized as a language in its own right or as a dialect of Albanian language.

 * Support:
 * Fred Bauder 21:20, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Kelly Martin (talk) 00:35, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * James F. (talk) 01:09, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * →Raul654 19:38, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Jayjg (talk) 19:51, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutralitytalk 21:57, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

Personal attacks
2) Matia.gr, Theathenae, and REX have made personal attacks regarding each other with respect to nationalistic attitudes, see Requests_for_arbitration/REX/Workshop

 * Support:
 * Fred Bauder 21:20, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Kelly Martin (talk) 00:35, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * James F. (talk) 01:09, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * →Raul654 19:38, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Jayjg (talk) 19:51, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutralitytalk 21:57, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

Proposed remedies
Note: All remedies that refer to a period of time, for example to a ban of X months or a revert parole of Y months, are to run concurrently unless otherwise stated.

Personal attack parole
1) Matia.gr, Theathenae, and REX are placed on personal attack parole.

 * Support:
 * Fred Bauder 13:07, 11 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Kelly Martin (talk) 00:35, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * James F. (talk) 01:09, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * →Raul654 19:38, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Jayjg (talk) 19:52, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutralitytalk 21:57, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

Enforcement by ban
1) The personal attack parole may be enforced by brief bans, up to a week in the case of repeat offenses.

 * Support:
 * Fred Bauder 13:07, 11 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Kelly Martin (talk) 00:35, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * James F. (talk) 01:09, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * →Raul654 19:38, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Jayjg (talk) 19:52, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutralitytalk 21:57, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

=Discussion by Arbitrators=

General
There may be a basis for a finding of edit warring. Although not named in the Request is involved in the same complex of problems. Fred Bauder 21:30, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

Motion to close
Four net "support" votes needed to close case (each "oppose" vote subtracts a "support") 24 hours from the first motion is normally the fastest a case will close.

 * Everything has passed. →Raul654 20:08, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Close it. Kelly Martin (talk) 21:30, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutralitytalk 21:57, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Jayjg (talk) 22:47, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Close Fred Bauder 02:25, 15 November 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:71.243.138.132

title: User talk:71.243.138.132


text:
Misumenoides

Misumenoides is a genus of spiders in the family Thomisidae. Spiders in this family are commonly called "crab" or "flower" spiders.

Species
, the World Spider Catalog listed the following 35 species:
 * Misumenoides annulipes (O. P.-Cambridge, 1891) – Mexico, Guatemala
 * Misumenoides athleticus (Mello-Leitão, 1944) – Mexico, Brazil
 * Misumenoides bifissus F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1900 – Guatemala
 * Misumenoides blandus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1891) – Guatemala, Panama
 * Misumenoides carminatus Mello-Leitão, 1941 – Argentina
 * Misumenoides chlorophilus (Holmberg, 1881) – Argentina
 * Misumenoides corticatus Mello-Leitão, 1929 – Brazil
 * Misumenoides crassipes (Keyserling, 1880) – Colombia
 * Misumenoides dasysternon Mello-Leitão, 1943 – Chile
 * Misumenoides decipiens Caporiacco, 1955 – Venezuela
 * Misumenoides depressus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1891) – Guatemala
 * Misumenoides eximius Mello-Leitão, 1938 – Argentina
 * Misumenoides formosipes (Walckenaer, 1837) – Canada, United States
 * Misumenoides fusciventris Mello-Leitão, 1929 – Brazil
 * Misumenoides gerschmanae Mello-Leitão, 1944 – Argentina
 * Misumenoides illotus Soares, 1944 – Brazil
 * Misumenoides magnus (Keyserling, 1880) – Mexico to Colombia
 * Misumenoides nicoleti Roewer, 1951 – Chile
 * Misumenoides nigripes Mello-Leitão, 1929 – Brazil
 * Misumenoides nigromaculatus (Keyserling, 1880) – Brazil
 * Misumenoides obesulus (Gertsch & Davis, 1940) – Mexico
 * Misumenoides parvus (Keyserling, 1880) – Mexico to Colombia
 * Misumenoides paucispinosus Mello-Leitão, 1929 – Brazil, Guyana
 * Misumenoides proseni Mello-Leitão, 1944 – Argentina
 * Misumenoides quetzaltocatl Jiménez, 1992 – Mexico
 * Misumenoides roseiceps Mello-Leitão, 1949 – Brazil
 * Misumenoides rubrithorax Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana
 * Misumenoides rubroniger Mello-Leitão, 1947 – Brazil
 * Misumenoides rugosus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1891) – Guatemala, Panama
 * Misumenoides similis (Keyserling, 1881) – Brazil
 * Misumenoides tibialis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1891) – Panama, Brazil
 * Misumenoides variegatus Mello-Leitão, 1941 – Argentina
 * Misumenoides vigilans (O. P.-Cambridge, 1890) – Guatemala
 * Misumenoides vulneratus Mello-Leitão, 1929 – Brazil

The female Misumenoides formosipes, while similar to Misumena vatia, is not as large, and can be distinguished by the inverted 'V' marking on its back (with the point of the V closer to the cephalothorax) and the 'mask' over its eyes. In most respects this spider behaves like the goldenrod spider, also commonly hunting in goldenrod sprays in the fall. It tends to take smaller prey, however, avoiding the bumblebees and large butterflies in favor of honeybees, large flies and small butterflies such as skippers. Male M. formosipes are quite distinctive, being much smaller than females and having a greenish cephalothorax, yellow-orange abdomen, and long, red to reddish-black front legs. They are found on a wide variety of plants as they wander in search of females in late summer and early fall.

title: Misumenoides


text:
Ringwood Manor

Ringwood Manor, located in Passaic County, New Jersey, was the site of an ironworks and home to a number of well-known ironmasters from the 1740s to the late 19th century. The current manor house was not built until 1807.

History
Scottish engineer Robert Erskine was hired in 1771 to manage the ironmaking operations at Ringwood. During the American Revolutionary War, after designing a cheval-de-frise for the Hudson River in 1776, he was appointed by General George Washington as his first Geographer and Surveyor General of the Continental Army. Erskine drew more than 275 maps of the northern sector. He also kept Ringwood iron operating, as the manufacture was important to supplying the Continental war effort. It was used in manufacturing links for the Hudson River Chain, a defensive device installed across the river north of West Point, and for tools and hardware for the army.

In the early 19th century, Martin J. Ryerson purchased the historic ironworks. He began building the present Manor House in 1807 while still operating the iron mines and forges on the property. For the next half century, Ryerson ran five forge-furnace complexes in three counties from his headquarters at Ringwood. He made shot for the War of 1812. He also negotiated land and water rights with the Morris Canal Company for expansion of Long Pond (Greenwood Lake) and construction of the Pompton Feeder on the Morris Canal. The Ryerson Steel Company is still operating today.

New York's Peter Cooper, an inventor and industrialist purchased Ringwood Manor in 1854. One of the Manor's last owners was Cooper's son-in-law, Abram S. Hewitt, ironmaster, educator, lawyer, U.S. Congressman, and mayor of New York City.

A 479 acre area including the manor house was declared a National Historic Landmark District in 1966. The Ringwood Manor NHL area is the entire 479-acre Ringwood Manor State Park. One outbuilding houses a working coal-fired, bellows-fed forge. It was rebuilt in the 1960s and has since been briefly operated from time to time by volunteer blacksmiths.

Ringwood Manor is included within the larger Ringwood State Park, which also includes Skylands Manor and a recreational area. It is located three miles (5 km) east of Hewitt, New Jersey, off Route 23.

title: Ringwood Manor


text:
File:FS FROG Life Cycle.png

Summary
The Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating algorithm life-cycle.

Author: Erik Zeek

title: File:FS FROG Life Cycle.png


text: User talk:200.49.210.138

title: User talk:200.49.210.138


text:
Category:Fellows of Linacre College, Oxford

Fellows of Linacre College, Oxford.


text:
User talk:STROLLER

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 21:07, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:STROLLER


text:
Ahmad Yasawi

Ahmad Yasawi (Қожа Ахмет Ясауи, قوجا احمەت ياساۋٸ; ; 1093–1166) was a Turkic poet and Sufi, an early mystic who exerted a powerful influence on the development of Sufi orders throughout the Turkic-speaking world. Yasawi is the earliest known Turkic poet who composed poetry in Middle Turkic. He was a pioneer of popular mysticism, founded the first Turkic Sufi order, the Yasawiyya or Yeseviye, which very quickly spread over Turkic-speaking areas. He was a Hanafi scholar like his murshid (spiritual guide), Yusuf Hamadani.

Early life
Ahmed Yesevi was born to Ibrahim in Sayram at the end of the 11th century. He lost his father at the age of seven and was then raised by. By then, Yasawi had already advanced through a series of high spiritual stages and, under the direction of Arslan Baba, the young Ahmad reached a high level of maturity and slowly began to win fame from every quarter. His father Ibrahim had already been renowned in that region for performing countless feats and many legends were told of him. Consequently, it was recognized that, with respect to his lineage as well, this quiet and unassuming young boy, who always listened to his elder sister, held a spiritually important position.

Yesevi later moved to Bukhara and followed his studies with Yusuf Hamadani. Upon the demise of Yusuf Hamdani, first ʻAbdullah Barki and then Hassan-i Andākī became the head of Hamadani's khanqah. Yasawi became the head murshid of the Naqshbandi order when Hassan-i Andākī died in 1160. He then turned this position to Abdul Khaliq Ghijduwani under Hamadani's advice and moved to Turkistan City in order to spread Islam in Turkestan.

Influence
Ahmad Yasawi made considerable efforts to spread Islam throughout Central Asia and had numerous students in the region. Yasawi's poems created a new genre of religious folk poetry in Central Asian Turkic literature and influenced many religious poets in the following countries. Yasawi turned the city of Iasy into the major centre of learning for the Kazakh Steppe, then retired to a life of contemplation at the age of 63. He dug himself an underground cell where he spent the rest of his life.

Turkish scholar Hasan Basri Çantay noted: "It was a Seljuk king who brought Rumi, the great Sufi poet, to Konya; and it was in Seljuq times that Ahmed Yasawi, another great Sufi, lived and taught. The influence of those two remarkable teachers has continued to the present." Yasawi is also mentioned by Edward Campbell (writing as Ernest Scott) as a member of the Khwajagan. Yasawi also influenced Turkish poet Yahya Kemal Beyatlı, he said: "Who is this Ahmad Yasawi? If you study him, you will find our nationality in Him."

Poetry
Yasawi's most famous poetic work is undoubtedly his Dīwān-i Hikmat (Compendium of Wisdom), which was handed down from generation to generation. In his compendium, Yasawi denounces social injustice, violence and calls for patience and humility, as well as reliance on the will of Allah.

The following example is an excerpt from Yasawi's Dīwān-i Hikmat, transliterated into Latin script and translated into English.

Endi adoshdim dostlar, kelgan yolimdan. Turgan davlatlarim ketdi qolimdan, Ayrildim dostlar yolghiz gulimdan, Hechkim qutilmas faryod olimdan, Hechkim qutilmas dostlar jallod olimdan

Now I have lost my way, oh friends! All my wealth and riches have slipped through my fingers! I have parted, my friends, with my one and only flower - my Rose, No one can save themselves from their death, No one, my friends, can save themselves from their death.

Date palm
Legend has it that a religious mystic, Arystan-Bab (also known as Arslan Baba), was the teacher and spiritual mentor of Khoja Ahmad Yasawi. It was Arystan-Bab who transmitted the amanat (trustworthiness, noble quality), which was contained in a pip of date palm. According to the legend, Arystan-Bab was an associate of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. One day, Muhammad and his companions were resting and eating dates when suddenly one of the fruits fell out of the dish. Simultaneously, Muhammad heard the revelation: "This date is for the Muslim Ahmad, who will be born 400 years later than You." Muhammad asked his companions who would pass this persimmon to its future owner, but no one volunteered. Muhammad then repeated his question, and finally Arystan-Bab replied: "If you beg Allah to give me 400 years of life, then I will pass this date."

Timur's dream
It is believed that one night Timur saw Ahmad Yasawi in his dream, where Yasawi predicted glad tidings of the forthcoming conquest of Bukhara. Taking this as a sign, Timur went on a campaign that would indeed be successful. After his victory, he decided to visit the grave of Yasawi and ordered to build there a majestic mausoleum.

Legacy
Yasawi is celebrated as a spiritual teacher all throughout Central Asia, Turkey, & Greater Persia. The people of Kazakhstan, a secular country that was also the birthplace of Yasawi, have built numerous monuments and have honored him in many other ways as well, including:
 * The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi was later built on the site of his grave by Timur in Turkistan City. The Yesevi order he founded continued to be influential for several centuries afterwards, with the Yesevi Sayyid Ata Sheikhs holding a prominent position at the court of Bukhara into the 19th century. There is the greatest influence of shamanistic elements in the Yasawiyya compared to other Sufi orders.

 * Yesevi authored the Book of Wisdom (Turkic: ديوان حكمت, Dīvān-i Ḥikmet), a collection of poems, in Turkic. The book was published in 1895 and 1905 in Kazan.

 * The Naqshbandi Idries Shah mentions Yasawi's lineage in The Book of the Book.

 * The first Kazakh-Turkish university, Ahmet Yesevi University, was named in his honor.

In popular culture
The Turkish series, Mavera (2021) (in Turkish) is based on Ahmad Yasawi's life. In the series, he was portrayed by the Turkish actor Korel Cezayirli.

title: Ahmad Yasawi


text: User talk:81.230.2.192

title: User talk:81.230.2.192


text:
Talk:Herstmonceux

I'm going out on a limb here. I grew up in Sussex and was driven through Herstmonceux each year on our annual outing to Bexhill. Along with the Monkey Puzzle tree, and before getting to Windmill Hill, we always used to pronounce it Herst-mon-zoo. I'd like to update the wiki page to reflect this pronounciation, but before I do wanted to ask others how it is pronounced.

I concur with your pronounciation. I was born in Hastings and lived there for 20 years. My parents and their peers (life-time Sussex inhabitants) pronounced it Hers-mon-zoo (with a silent T). Are there Wikipedia users who live in Herstmonceux and can give us the definitive contemprary pronounciation?

Paul 05:18, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Well as no one has commented in over a month I'm going to update the main page with Paul's version, which is quite correct in it's silent "t" version.

As someone brought up in the shadow of Hers-mon-zoo Castle, I concur. It was also never Hers-mon-syu, but perhaps George Cowie has later info.

Cyril Sampson 22:05, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The traditional pronunciation you'll hear from local speakers is actually more like "Horse-mon-ciz". It was the upper classes who invented the "Herst-mon-soo" variant. But like most local Sussex pronunciations (e.g. "Hoove" for Hove), you will rarely hear it these days. 91.85.60.217 (talk) 09:07, 7 June 2014 (UTC)

Rewrite
In accordance with the Wikipedia notes on writing about settlements, one of the recommendations is that, in order to reduce the number of stubs, villages and other settlements within a civil parish should be in one article. It also gives recommendations on the headings for the paragraphs. Hence the rewrite. Peter Shearan (talk) 12:01, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Herstmonceux


text:
Flat-tail horned lizard

The flat-tail horned lizard (Phrynosoma mcallii) is a species of lizard in the family Phrynosomatidae. A species of reptile, it is endemic to the Sonoran desert of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Its multiple adaptations for camouflage help to minimize its shadow. The species is threatened, with a restricted range under pressure from human activities such as agriculture and development, and is specially protected in the United States.

Description and geographic range
The flat-tail horned lizard is named for United States Army Colonel George A. M'Call, who collected the first specimen in California in the 19th century. The species occupies a small range in the Sonoran Desert of southeastern California, southwestern Arizona, and extreme northern Mexico in the Baja California and Sonora states. Over time, horned lizard populations have adapted to climate, food, and predators, causing them to in some ways be distinct from one another.

 * "A medium-sized flat-bodied lizard with a wide oval-shaped body and scattered enlarged pointed scales on the upper body and tail. The back skin is smooth with small spines. 8 horns extend from the back of the head. The two central horns are long, slender and sharp. Long and narrow spines on the lower jaw and two rows of fringe scales on the sides of the body, the bottom row scales smaller than the upper."

Camouflage techniques

The flat-tail horned lizard has evolved elaborate camouflage measures to eliminate shadow. Their bodies are flattened, with the sides thinning to an edge; the animals habitually press their bodies to the ground; and their sides are fringed with white scales which effectively hide and disrupt any remaining areas of shadow there may be under the edge of the body.

Different populations of the species match their local backgrounds using a combination of colour-creating cells in their back scales. These cells include black melanophores and red chromatophores in an upper layer, scattered over a layer of white reflective iridophores, enabling the flat-tail horned lizard to match the local soil or rock. So for example the Algondones Dunes population of San Luis, Sonora is generally redder than the population on the whiter Thousand Palms dunes of California. In addition, the dark midline helps to disrupt the outline of the lizard, resembling the thin shadows of plant stems in its windswept sand habitat.

A threatened species
The flat-tail horned lizard is threatened by development, agriculture, and other man-made intrusions into their small range. The majority of their remaining habitat in the US is administered by the Bureau of Land Management. The species (Phrynosoma mcallii ) frequently coexists with sources of natural gas, oil, geothermal energy, and minerals which can found in its habitat. In 1982, the US Fish and Wildlife Service declared P. mcallii as a Candidate 2 Category for the list of threatened and endangered species due to concerns over potential threats to their habitat which could further diminish the population. P. mcallii has also been given special status in both California and Arizona, which prevents their collection.

Experiments have been conducted to investigate the "fluctuations in populations of flat-tailed horned lizards, Phrynosoma mcallii, in the Coachella Valley, California. This species has the smallest range of any horned lizard in the United States. In parts of its range, there are potentially conflicting activities, such as suburban development, agriculture, off-road recreation, and activities along the international border."

"Between 1978 and 1980 the Bureau of Land Management supported investigations of the status of P. mcallii in California. The purpose of this work was to determine the local distribution and relative abundance of P. mcallii, to correlate these parameters with various habitat attributes, and to gather information on the structure of the populations and mobility and food habits of individual lizards."

The study also looked at the flat-tailed horned lizard's distribution and abundance throughout Arizona. The species was found to be restricted to an area of desert, 650–700 km2 in size, in the southwestern corner of the state. The species was most abundant in places with the Western whiptail (Cnemidophorus tigris), nests of the black harvester ant (Messor pergandei), galleta grass (Hilaria rigida) and sandy soils.

title: Flat-tail horned lizard


text:
David Laird

David Laird, (March 12, 1833 – January 12, 1914) was a Canadian politician. He was born in New Glasgow, Prince Edward Island, into a Presbyterian family noted for its civic activism. His father Alexander had been a long time Reformer and Liberal MLA. David became a Liberal MLA for Belfast. He also established and edited The Patriot.

After initially opposing Confederation, he led in the talks by which Prince Edward Island became a province of Canada. He became a Liberal member of the Canadian parliament in the government of Alexander Mackenzie. He served as minister of the interior and guided the passage of the Indian Act into Canadian law. He was the first resident lieutenant governor of North-West Territories. He was the fifth lieutenant governor in charge of the territory. He negotiated several aboriginal treaties. Even though David Laird adopted the paternalistic views of his time in working with aboriginals, colleagues noted his consistent hard work, reliability and honesty in his dealings as a federal official.

Early life and family
David Laird was born in New Glasgow, Prince Edward Island, the son of Alexander Laird and Janet Orr. David's parents had emigrated from Renfrewshire, Scotland to Prince Edward Island in 1819. His father was a successful farmer and member of the Island's executive council. His older brother Alexander held an elected seat in the Islands legislated assembly.

On June 30, 1864, David married Mary Louise Owen in Georgetown. Her brother, Lemuel Cambridge Owen, served as the Island's Post Master. David and Mary Louise had six children: David Rennie, Mary Alice, Arthur Gordon, William Charles, James Harold (who would become an Indian agent), and Fanny Louise.

David Laird attended the Presbyterian Theological Seminary in Truro, Nova Scotia after which he planned to become a minister. He became a journalist and newspaper publisher and editor instead.

He subsequently returned to Forfar, Scotland.

Prince Edward Island
In 1859, he founded a newspaper known as The Protestant and Evangelical Witness. In 1865, its name changed to the Patriot.

The first issue of The Protestant and Evangelical Witness in July 1859 proclaimed its purpose as "exposing the errors and noting the wiles and workings of popery." Laird tactfully reassured individual Catholic that he had not ill will toward them but his concern was only "the system by which they are enslaved."

David Laird originally opposed Canadian confederation. However, in spite of this opposition, he was sent to Ottawa in 1873 to negotiate the admission of Prince Edward Island to the new Dominion.

David Laird served on the Charlottetown City Council, its Board of Education, and Board of Works, and he was a Governor of the Prince of Wales College. He represented the electoral district of Belfast in the Prince Edward Island Legislative Assembly from 1871 to 1873. Then for the next four years he represented Queen's County in the Canadian federal House of Commons from 1873 to 1876.

As the leader of the Prince Edward Island Liberal Members of Parliament, he refused to support Prime Minister John A. Macdonald during the "Pacific Scandal". Thus, he helped bring down the Conservative government. Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie succeeded Macdonald. Mackenzie appointed David Laird Minister of the Interior. He served as such from 1873 to 1876. Laird also served as a trustee and elder in the Presbyterian church. He was a member of the Auxiliary Bible Society, a vice-president of the Young Men's Christian Association and Literary Institute.

Minister of the Interior
During his term in parliament (1874-1876) he served as Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs, and Minister of the Interior. During his tenure as Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs, he championed the Indian Act through the Parliament, a legislation that would enable the government to realize its ultimate goal of paternalistically civilizing the natives of Canada. He earned the name 'He Whose Tongue is Not Forked'.

In 1874, Laird paved the way for the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway and Dominion Telegraph by negotiating the Qu'Appelle Lakes Treaty (Treaty Four) with local First Nations groups in southern Saskatchewan, to procure land for the railway and telegraph lines.

Lieutenant Governor for the North-West Territories

Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie and Hewitt Bernard drafted the legislation for the North-West Territories Act in 1875.

In 1876, Mackenzie appointed Laird as Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories. He was responsible for the negotiations that brought the Blackfoot Confederacy together to sign Treaty 7. In 1899 he successfully negotiated Treaty 8 in the Athabasca district in the NWT.

Laird ordered the capital to be moved from Fort Livingstone to Battleford.

Laird held this office until 1881.

1879 buffalo disappearance and famine
During the 1870s buffalo became scarce on the Canadian Prairies.

Laird warned the federal government of the problem:

"The threatened early extinction of the Buffalo is a question of grave importance to the North West Territories of the Dominion. The flesh of that animal forms the principal means of subsistence of several of the Indian tribes, as well as a large number of the Half-breeds. The traffic in Buffalo peltries likewise enters largely into the trade of the country, and enables the natives to procure many of the necessaries of life."

By 1879 they had disappeared completely. This created a desperate situation for the Plains Indians. The federal government empowered Laird and Dewdney to develop a plan to meet the crisis. A council met at Battleford in late August 1879. This council resolved:

"That the Conference having maturely considered the state of the Indians in the North-West Territories, and the sources from which they can supply themselves with food, is of opinion that the fears entertained of an approaching famine are only too well grounded, and that unless a very large supply of provisions is furnished by Government, for issue during the coming winter, a great number of Indians will be without the amount of food absolutely necessary to sustain life. Should this state of affairs arise, and it appears to the Conference to be inevitable, it will be fraught with such dire consequences not only to the Indians themselves, but to the many settlers scattered throughout the Territories, that immediate steps should be taken to avert, if possible, so great a calamity. Dyck (1970)."

The council ordered that large quantities of beef, bacon, flour, fish and pemmican be distributed at various points in the North-West.

Return to Prince Edward Island
After his term as Lieutenant Governor expired in 1881, he returned to Prince Edward Island to run again for parliament. He was defeated in the election of 1882. After his defeat, he served as editor of the Charlottetown Patriot a newspaper in Charlottetown, until 1889.

The Treaties

In 1870, the government of Canada acquired the land previous owned by the Hudson's Bay Company. This change caused the aboriginal people concern and unease. In response to this, the government of Canada entered into treaty negotiations with the various tribes. David Laird, as a government official, played a significant role in treaties 4 through 8.

Treaty No. 4, the Qu'Appelle Treaty
Treaty 4 (1874) involved the Cree and Saulteaux. It covered most of current day southern Saskatchewan, plus small portions of what are today western Manitoba and southeastern Alberta. This treaty is also called the "Qu'appelle Treaty," as its first signings were conducted at Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan on 15 September 1874. Additional signings or adhesions would continue until September 1877.

The Commissioners of the Queen were: the Honourable Alexander Morris, Lieutenant Governor of the Province of Manitoba and the North-West Territories; the Honourable David Laird, Minister of the Interior, and William Joseph Christie, Esquire, of Brockville, Ontario and retired Hudson's Bay Company factor for the Saskatchewan district.

Morris led the negotiations. David Laird's presence allowed Morris to negotiate confident that the federal government would support the results.

Treaty No. 5, the Winnipeg Treaty
Treaty 5 (1875) involved the Saulteaux and Swampy Cree non-treaty tribes and peoples around Lake Winnipeg in the District of Keewatin. David Laird, Canada's Minister of the Interior, supported Alexander Morris as Morris led in the negotiations. Laird's interest was to get the native people to extinguish their claim to the land so that the incoming settlers could establish their own properties.

Treaty No. 6, Treaties at Fort Carlton and Pitt
Treaty Six (1876) involves the central portions of the present provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Like the preceding Macdonald government, the Mackenzie government entered into treaties gradually. David Laird led out in this process as Interior Minister. The delay created unrest among the native tribes beyond the established treaty boundaries. Leaders residing in the West communicated their concern to the government in Ottawa. This included: the Lieutenant Governor for the region, Alexander Morris; Alfred Selwyn, the head of the Geological Survey working beyond the boundaries of Treaty Four; Lawrence Clarke, in charge of the Hudson's Bay Company's post of Fort Carlton; Commissioner French of the Mounted Police; and, Major-General Selby Smyth, the officer commanding the Canadian Militia.

The natives had been promised a treaty but negotiations had not begun. In the summer of 1875, a Geological Survey party and a telegraph construction crew worked beyond the Treaty Four boundaries where no treaty had yet been made. That summer the Cree stopped the Geological Survey from progress beyond the elbow of the North Saskatchewan. The telegraph crew was also stopped. At a Cree council, it was decided to not allow any further expeditions until a treaty had been made. Morris repeatedly telegraphed Laird about the need for a treaty. He finally received permission to arrange for a treaty negotiation with the Saskatchewan Cree for the following summer at Forts Carlton and Pitt.

David Laird arranged with the Surveyor General to prepare a map showing the boundaries for Treaty Six. Laird relied on Morris to use his experienced judgment in arranging the terms of the treaty: "Your large experience and past success in conducting Indian negotiations relieves me from the necessity of giving you any detailed instructions in reference to your present mission."

In 1877, David Laird reported to the Superintendent General of Indian Affairs (SGIA) in Ottawa that most of the bands in Treaty 6 had been supplied with seed and were beginning to farm. He mentioned that several of the Bands living near Carlton and Prince Albert were very pleased with the potatoes, grain, etc. They planned to get more seed and expand their farming operations. One Band had nearly 100 acres under cultivation.

Treaty No. 7, the Blackfoot Confederacy
Treaty 7 (1877) involved the Blackfoot in what is today the southern portion of Alberta. It was concluded on September 22, 1877. The agreement was signed at the Blackfoot Crossing of the Bow River, at the present-day Siksika Nation reserve, approximately 100 km east of Calgary. Chief Crowfoot was one of the signatories to Treaty 7.

The treaty established a reserve, promised annual payments and/or provisions from the federal government to the tribes and promised continued hunting and trapping rights on the "tract surrendered". In exchange, the tribes ceded their rights to their traditional territory.

In 1877, David Laird was the Lieutenant-Governor of the North-West Territories. The David Mills, the newly appointed Minister of the Interior, noted that the Blackfoot wanted to negotiate a treaty. Mills appointed two commissioners to carry out the task: Laird, who had assisted in the negotiation of Treaty Four in 1874 and Colonel James Macleod, who had recently been promoted to Commissioner of the North-West Mounted Police. Laird was obviously chosen because of his experience and official position, while Macleod was important because of the respect he commanded among the Blackfoot.

Treaty No. 8
May 1899, David Laird and staff traveled by train from Winnipeg to Edmonton. With thirteen wagons of provisions they continued north to Lesser Slave Lake. On June 20 Laird addressed the natives assembled:

"Red Brothers! We have come here to-day, sent by the Great Mother to treat with you, and this is the paper she has given us, and is her commission to us signed with her Seal, to show we have authority to treat with you...I have to say, on behalf of the Queen and the Government of Canada, that we have come to make you an offer... As white people are coming into your country, we have thought it well to tell you what is required of you.... The Queen owns the country, but is willing to acknowledge the Indians' claims, and offers them terms as an offset to all of them... (Mair, 1908:56-59)."

The Indian Act
In 1876, David Laird, as Minister of the Interior in the Mackenzie government, oversaw the creation of the Indian Act. This legislation consolidated previous Indian legislation. It viewed Indians as children of the State:

"Our Indian legislation generally rests on the principle, that the aboriginal peoples are to be kept in a condition of tutelage and treated as wards or children of the State. ...the true interests of the aborigines and of the State alike require that every effort should be made to aid the Red man in lifting himself out of his condition of tutelage and dependence, and that is clearly our wisdom and our duty, through education and every other means, to prepare him for a higher civilization by encouraging him to assume the privileges and responsibilities of full citizenship."

Later years
Laird later moved back west to Manitoba and became president of the Manitoba Historical and Scientific Society from 1903 to 1904. Twenty years after his first task to work with the Plains Indians, he was appointed Indian Commissioner of the Northwest Territories, Manitoba, and Keewatin, and held that position until his death. After 1909 he also became an advisor for the Department of Indian Affairs.

As Indian Commissioner for Manitoba and the North-west Territories, Laird offered a strongly worded negative opinion to the debate of establishing Treaty 8 in Northern Saskatchewan. He said:

"There was no particular necessity that the treaty should extend to that region. It was not a territory through which a railway was likely soon to run, nor was it frequented by miners, lumbermen, fishermen or other whites making use of the resources of its soils or waters, in which case, in my opinion, the Indians and Halfbreeds are better left to their hunting and fishing as a means of making a livelihood. The conditions there are the same still, and I therefore do not approve of any immediate steps being taken to include the territory . . . in treaty limits. The matter, I suggest, may very well stand over for the present; and, when the autonomy question is settled in the Northwest Territories, if it is found that any Province, or organized territory with representation, extends over a considerable tract of country in which aboriginal title has not been extinguished, then in such case, or from the entrance of a railway, the discovery of mines, or other cause to bring an inrush of whites, a treaty should be made without delay."

Laird died in Ottawa on January 12, 1914. The town of Laird, Saskatchewan was named in his honour.

Critical views of Laird
Although early historians wrote positively of Laird's work with aboriginal people, he has not fared so well among more recent scholars.

Laird is acknowledged as hard-working and committed to negotiating treaties 4 through 7, but he viewed Indians as "improvident complainers, limited in intelligence," and "troublesome to deal with." He viewed Aboriginal culture as "ludicrous and grotesque." His success in getting natives to surrender the land was offset by his ensuring that his political allies benefited. He believed that higher education was wasted on Native youth. He advocated nothing more than instruction in "basic skills." Laird's policy of denying Indians both land and skills left native youth with few resources for success.

Laird's legacy
The inclusion of Prince Edward Island as a province of the Canadian federation is due, in part, to the negotiation skill of David Laird.

His accomplishments in the arena of aboriginal matters continue to influence the present relationship between the Canadian government and native peoples. The Indian Act and the various treaties provide legal grounds for the courts.

In North Battleford, Saskatchewan, James Marshall has produced "stunning" brick relief sculptures depicting the area's heritage. He included a portrait of David Laird and Government House.

Archives
There are David Laird fonds at Library and Archives Canada and the Public Archives and Records Office of Prince Edward Island.

title: David Laird


text:
User talk:Ryutaikei

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 21:08, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Ryutaikei


text:
Andover Central High School

Andover Central High School is a public secondary school in Andover, Kansas, United States, operated by Andover USD 385 school district, and serves students of grades 9 to 12. It is located southeast of Central and Andover Road. There are approximately 800 students in attendance at Andover Central High School. The school is located adjacent to Andover Central Middle School and north of Sunflower Elementary School. The head principal is Chad Gerwick, the assistant principal/athletic director is Doug Carr, and the assistant principal/activities director is Amanda Grier.

Athletics
The Jaguars compete in the Wichita Suburban League and are classified as a 5A school, the second-largest classification in Kansas according to the Kansas State High School Activities Association, whilst some sports play in 4A classification. Throughout its history, Andover Central has won several state championships in various sports. Andover Central has been very productive since its inception in 2001. Both the boys' and girls' basketball teams have placed second in the state championship. The girls' basketball team won the 4A state championship in the 2007–08 season with a 26–0 record and won the 5A state championship in 2010. The boys' basketball team won the state championship in the 2018–2019 school year as well. The boys' golf team has won state three times, occurring in 2003, 2006, and 2009. In 2009, the boys' basketball team made it to the state tournament. The softball team has won in 2009 and 2018. In 2014, the school Scholar's Bowl team won both its 4A regional tournament and then the 4A state championship; the only ACHS Scholar's Bowl team to do so. The boys swim team has won 1st place in the state championship in both 2021 and 2022.

Performing Arts
Andover Central participates in 4A Music Festival (Different from the Athletic Classification)

Andover Central has several instrumental music ensembles for students to participate, including: Marching Band (Fall), Symphonic Band, Concert Band, Jazz I, Jazz II, Pep Band, and Pit Orchestra. Band members are also able to participate in Solo and Ensemble Festivals at the Regional and State level. Band members routinely perform for the community at sports events, in honor bands, at community festivals and for other building events within the school district. ACHS Bands take group trips every two years (odd-number years) to large regional destinations (Chicago, St. Louis, Dallas) and ACHS Jazz Bands travel to Colorado every two years (even-number years) on a ski/performance trip. Andover Central has several choirs including Men's Chorus, Ladies Chorus, Concert Choir and New Generation (Show Choir). Choir students have many opportunities to perform in regular productions throughout the year, for the community, and are able to participate in Solo and Ensemble Festivals at the Regional and State level. ACHS Vocal students have regular opportunities to travel with the Choir. The Drama program produces one play and one musical each year. The Thespian club is very active and members attend the Kansas Thespian Conference yearly.

title: Andover Central High School


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User:Timmyisdaman/monobook.js

mw.loader.load(            'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lupin/popups.js'             + '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s');

title: User:Timmyisdaman/monobook.js


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Reinaldo Avila da Silva

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was deleted as nn-bio. DS 19:42, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Reinaldo Avila da Silva
NN: being the boyfriend of a euro-politician his only claim to fame Flapdragon 20:59, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. It's a nn-bio, and I've tagged it as such. Punkmorten 22:39, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Talk:United States patent law

Requested move
In order to be consistent with United States trademark law and United States copyright law.
 * Support. --Edcolins 20:59, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Quintusdecimus
 * Support for consistency with well-established naming habits. Jonathunder 21:24, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Because this is very straightforward and noncontroversial, I made the change without waiting for the normal five days. CO GDEN  23:11, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Related Patent Articles
I was looking around today and noticed there really isn't much of a mention in an articles related to the USPTO or US Patent Law that discuss the restriction ideas under the US Law. There is an article for Unity of invention, but it is only used in the US when working on PCT cases. So basically, I was hoping to get some ideas from people concerning their ideas on the placement of an article on the topic and what name convention you think would be best to avoid confusion or if the article could be incorporated into this article. On an aside, does anyone have any opinions or suggestions on how to make this article more informative and not just a link to several other articles covering related concepts? -Thebdj 20:06, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

The Constitution
Why isn't the U.S. Constitution mentioned, but title 35 of U.S. federal law is? --71.161.214.252 02:46, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Because the article is a "stub", nowhere near complete. Oddly, the relevant part of the Constitution manages to be mentioned in patent, where it is a purely incidental matter, rather than being at the very heart of the article's subject as here. Feel free to fix it and add any other relevant matter that you may be able to provide! Tim B 07:21, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Other first to invent systems?
Is the statement about Philippines being the only other first-to-invent system correct? Didn't Canada have first-to-invent? Boundlessly 21:08, 3 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I think they did...changed in 2002 or something. I've actually removed that sentence on the Philippines (no source, article is on US patent law, not first to invent). Cquan (after the beep...) 22:08, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

Revisions
I believe the last revision for removing "spam" is unwarranted. There is already a link in External Links that is also a "search engine" for U.S. Code Title 35. Why is the link that was removed considered spam but the current one is not? Thank you. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.246.99.70 (talk) 13:16, 2 July 2008 (UTC)
 * First, you linked to the site in general rather than a specific page (which you should have considering you named the link 35 USC, not Search USC). Also, the "search engine" you're referring to is a well-recognized and established legal resource used extensively by the legal community. I don't think you can say the same for your link. Cquan (after the beep...) 19:17, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

Suggestion
I would like more detail about pharmaceutical and drug/chemistry/biotechnology patents and how they differ from other types of patents (ie: extension possibilities, the history of patent application date vs FDA drug approval date and how that affects the effective life of a patent and how those laws changed, etc...).

See http://www.ladas.com/Patents/Biotechnology/USPharmPatentLaw/USPhar32.html

For more details. It seems like this wikipedia page is so broad as to the point where it can be misleading. Someone may ask a question, "how long does a patent last" and the answer seems like a simple answer (this article would argue twenty years) but in reality it's more complicated than that (in the case biotech or chem or pharmaceutical patents, under certain circumstances, you get extensions to compensate for FDA approval time that can take away from the effective lifetime of a patent) and the current Wikipedia article might mislead people into thinking that pharmaceutical patents last twenty years and that this is the practical length of the patent and that there are no extensions or FDA approval waiting times to worry about. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.130.55.225 (talk) 04:13, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your suggestion. When you believe an article needs improvement, please feel free to make those changes. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit almost any article by simply following the  link at the top. The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold in updating pages. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes—they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use the sandbox to try out your editing skills.  New contributors are always welcome. You don't even need to log in (although there are many reasons why you might want to). --Edcolins (talk) 15:26, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

Suggestion (II)
I came to this page looking for information on whether there was a federal or state system. However this was not explicitly mentioned. Perhaps this should be implemented. In Europe, at present, each Member State has its own patent (although the laws are substantially harmonised). It is not obvious whether this is the case in the USA. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.153.247.191 (talk) 13:08, 15 April 2013 (UTC)
 * U.S. States did have their own patent systems under the Articles of Confederation. It was a mess hence the willingness to allow the new national government the power.  Copyright had a dual state/federal system until 1976 but most of the state system is now preempted by the Federal Law (notable exception is sound recordings in California).  Unregistered trademarks are regulated by state common law.  Registered marks are subject to Federal law. 205.204.38.50 (talk) 23:54, 12 January 2015 (UTC)

Women and Patents
It seems odd to have this category if patents have always been distributed on a gender-neutral basis. Seems to imply a gender gap where none exists. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.1.215.166 (talk) 14:46, 12 June 2013 (UTC)

Patents did not apply to US Government in 1907?
In Herman Hollerith: Forgotten Giant of Information Processing, Austrian, 1982, p.275, is In 1907, the laws of the land contained no provision under which an inventor could sue the government for patent infringement -- unless he had a prior written contract with the government. If true - that for a time patents did not apply to the US government - a note/explanation here would seem worthwhile. 50.136.242.131 (talk) 18:32, 9 December 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Types of patents
The article would benefit from a section on types of patents: design, utility, plants. Arllaw (talk) 08:34, 16 April 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:United States patent law


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United States Congressional Joint Committee on Taxation

The Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) is a Committee of the U.S. Congress established under the Internal Revenue Code at.

Structure
The Joint Committee is composed of ten Members: five from the Senate Finance Committee and five from the House Ways and Means Committee.

The Committee is chaired on a rotating basis by the Chair of the Senate Finance Committee and the Chair of the House Ways and Means Committee. During the first Session of each Congress the House has the joint committee chair and the Senate has the vice-chair; during the second session the roles are reversed.

The Members of the Joint Committee choose the Chief of Staff of the Joint Committee, who is responsible for selecting the remainder of the staff on a nonpartisan basis. Since May 15, 2009, the Chief of Staff of the Joint Committee has been Thomas A. Barthold.

Duties
The duties of the Joint Committee are:
 * 1) Investigating the operation, effects, and administration of internal revenue taxes
 * 2) Investigate measures and methods for the simplification of taxes
 * 3) Make reports on the results of those investigations and studies and make recommendations
 * 4) Review any proposed refund or credit of taxes in excess of $2 million

With respect to the estimation of revenues for Congress, the Joint Committee serves a purpose parallel to that of the Congressional Budget Office for the estimation of spending for Congress, the Department of the Treasury for the estimation of revenues for the executive branch, and the Office of Management and Budget for the estimation of spending for the executive branch.

History
In 1924, Senator James Couzens (Michigan) introduced a resolution in the Senate for the creation of a Select Committee to investigate the Bureau of Internal Revenue. At the time, there were reports of inefficiency and waste in the Bureau and allegations that the method of making refunds created the opportunity for fraud. One of the issues investigated by the Select Committee was the valuation of oil properties. The Committee found that there appeared to be no system, no adherence to principle, and a total absence of competent supervision in the determination of oil property values.

In 1925, after making public charges that millions of tax dollars were being lost through the favorable treatment of large corporations by the Bureau, Couzens was notified by the Bureau that he owed more than $10 million in back taxes. Then Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon was believed to be personally responsible for the retaliation against Couzens. At the time, Mellon was the principal owner of Gulf Oil, which had benefited from rulings specifically criticized by Couzens.

The investigations by the Senate Select Committee led, in the Revenue Act of 1926, to the creation of the Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation. The select committee emphasized

 * the need for the institution of a procedure by which the Congress could be better advised as to the systems and methods employed in the administration of the internal revenue laws with a view to the needs for legislation in the future, simplification and clarification of administration, and generally a closer understanding of the detailed problems with which both the taxpayer and the Bureau of Internal Revenue are confronted. It is more properly the function of the Senate Finance Committee and the House Ways and Means Committee, jointly, to engage in such an activity.(2)

As originally conceived by the House, a temporary "Joint Commission on Taxation" was to be created to "investigate and report upon the operation, effects, and administration of the Federal system of income and other internal revenue taxes and upon any proposals or measures which in the judgment of the Commission may be employed to simplify or improve the operation or administration of such systems of taxes.....".(1)

The Senate expanded significantly the functions contemplated by the House and transformed the proposed Joint Commission to a Joint Committee with a permanent staff. The Senate version was incorporated into the Revenue Act of 1926 and the Joint Committee was created.(3)

The first Chief of Staff of the Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation was L.H. Parker, who had been the chief investigator on Senator Couzens' Select Senate Committee. The Revenue Act of 1926 required the Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation to publish from time to time for public examination and analysis proposed measures and methods for the simplification of internal revenue taxes and required the Joint Committee to provide a written report to the House and Senate by December 31, 1927, with such recommendations as it deemed advisable. The Joint Committee published its initial report on November 15, 1927, and made various recommendations to simplify the federal tax system, including a recommendation for the restructuring of the federal income tax title.

In the Revenue Act of 1928, the Joint Committee's authority was extended to the review of all refunds or credits of any income, war-profits, excess-profits, or estate or gift tax in excess of $75,000. In addition, the Act required the Joint Committee to make an annual report to the Congress with respect to such refunds and credits, including the names of all persons and corporations to whom amounts are credited or payments are made, together with the amounts credit or paid to each.

Since 1928, the threshold for review of large tax refunds has been increased from $75,000 to $2 million in various steps and the taxes to which such review applies has been expanded. Other than that, the Joint Committee's responsibilities under the Internal Revenue Code have remained essentially unchanged since 1928.

While the statutory mandate of the Joint Committee has not changed significantly, the tax legislative process, however, has.

There are five members of each house on the committee, which has no subcommittees. The committee leadership (chair/vice chair and ranking member/vice ranking member) between the House and Senate at the start of each session of the congressional term (once per year). The tables below use the leadership titles from the start of each Congress' first session.


text:
Portal:Ancient Egypt/WikiProjects

 * History
 * Ancient Near East
 * Ancient Egypt
 * Religion work group
 * Archaeology

title: Portal:Ancient Egypt/WikiProjects


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Talk:Mammoth Road

Nice article, very complete. Isoxyl 20:59, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

I would like to know where the name Mammoth Road came from, if anybody knows! Also, I saw this article on its history, and wondered if there is something from here or elsewhere that could be incorporated into the Wikipedia: http://www.usgennet.org/usa/nh/county/hillsborough/manchester/book/chap24.html Isoxyl 21:39, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Table broken
The table has some things in the wrong spot. HotdogPi 20:26, 19 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and fixed it. First time I've worked on a junction table, so feel free to correct. --Ken Gallager (talk) 14:03, 20 December 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mammoth Road


text: User talk:66.26.83.157

title: User talk:66.26.83.157


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Portal:Speculative fiction/Description

Speculative fiction has been around since humans began to speak. The earliest forms of speculative fiction were likely mythological tales told around the campfire. Speculative fiction deals with the "What if?" scenarios imagined by dreamers and thinkers worldwide. Journeys to other worlds, through the vast reaches of distant space; magical quests to free worlds enslaved by terrible beings; malevolent supernatural powers seeking to increase their spheres of influence across multiple dimensions and times; all of these fall into the realm of speculative fiction.

title: Portal:Speculative fiction/Description