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Infamous (2006 film)

Infamous (Also known as Infamous, Every Word is True) is a 2006 American drama film written and directed by Douglas McGrath. It is based on George Plimpton's 1997 book, Truman Capote: In Which Various Friends, Enemies, Acquaintances, and Detractors Recall His Turbulent Career and covers the period from the late 1950s through the mid-1960s, during which Truman Capote researched and wrote his bestseller In Cold Blood (1965).

Capote is played by Toby Jones. Sandra Bullock, Daniel Craig, Lee Pace, and Jeff Daniels also have featured roles, with a supporting cast that includes Sigourney Weaver and Hope Davis, and a song performance by Gwyneth Paltrow.

Plot
Truman Capote, known in New York City society for his wit and fashion flair as much as he is recognized in literary circles as the celebrated writer of Other Voices, Other Rooms and Breakfast at Tiffany's, reads a brief article about the murder of a farming family in Holcomb, Kansas, in the back pages of the New York Times of November 16, 1959.

Curious as to how the residents would react to a brutal massacre in their midst, the author and his friend, Nelle Harper Lee, who has just published her novel To Kill a Mockingbird, travel from New York to the rural Midwestern town, ostensibly so Capote can interview people for a magazine article. Once there, he realizes there might be enough material for what he eventually describes as a "nonfiction novel".

Capote's dress and demeanor both amuse and dismay law enforcement officials. He allows the less ostentatious Lee to act as a buffer between himself and those whose trust he needs to gain in order to obtain as much background information as possible.

The Kansas Bureau of Investigation's lead detective on the case, Alvin Dewey, has refused to cooperate with the writer. But when his starstruck wife Marie meets Capote in a grocery store, she invites him and Lee to Christmas dinner. He eventually wins over his host with personal anecdotes about Humphrey Bogart, John Huston, Frank Sinatra, and the like.

As a result, when ex-convicts Richard Hickock and Perry Smith are apprehended in Las Vegas and extradited to Holcomb, permission is given to Capote to interview them in their cells. The two defendants are tried and found guilty, but a lengthy period of appeals begins. Capote's society and literary friends in New York, like Slim Keith and Babe Paley, press him for juicy gossip about the case and inquire when they can expect to read the book.

Capote forms an attachment to Smith. He empathizes with the convicted killer's unhappy childhood, and Smith's remorseful manner, genuine sincerity, artistic skills, and obvious intelligence impress him. The criminal's reciprocal feelings become evident, although Smith has difficulty dealing with his emotions. As soon as Smith learns that Truman plans to title his book In Cold Blood, which suggests the author thinks of him only as a merciless killer, he violently subdues Capote and nearly rapes him.

Smith steadfastly refuses to describe the night of the murders. This greatly angers Capote, who wants to hear details not only as a writer in search of the truth but as someone who finds it difficult to believe a loved one could be guilty of such a crime. Smith eventually acquiesces and discusses what transpired.

Capote then finds himself entangled in a personal and professional dilemma. As much as he wants Smith to be sentenced to life in prison, a death by hanging would provide a far more sensational ending for readers of his book. He begins to unravel psychologically as the legal appeals drag on, unable to complete his book without an ending.

Years go by. Hickock and Smith finally exhaust all their options and now ask that Capote be present at their April 14, 1965 execution. He complies reluctantly with their request. Afterward, he learns Smith bequeathed his meager belongings to him, and among them he finds a charcoal sketch of him the killer had drawn.

Development
The film's original title alternated between Have You Heard? and Every Word Is True.

The fictional singer portrayed by Gwyneth Paltrow was originally intended to be Peggy Lee. The situation of an audience being held spellbound by a performer falling silent in the middle of a song was based on a real-life nightclub performance by Barbara Cook.

According to writer and director Douglas McGrath, in his DVD commentary, many of the scenes in Infamous occurred only in McGrath's imagination, most notably a dramatic sexual encounter between Capote and inmate Perry Smith (played by Craig).

Release
Infamous premiered at the August 2006 Venice Film Festival. It differs from the earlier Capote in that it occasionally breaks away from the Kansas setting to allow Capote's Manhattan society friends and professional acquaintances to comment on and express opinions about him to an unseen interlocutor during mock interviews. It also is more explicit about the romantic feelings Capote and Perry Smith may have shared.

Critical reception
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 74% approval rating with an average rating of 6.7/10 based on 155 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "Though comparisons with last year's Capote may be inevitable, Infamous takes a different angle in its depiction of the author, and stands up well enough on its own." On Metacritic, the film achieved an average score of 68 out of 100, based on 34 critics, signifying "generally favorable reviews".

Much of the critical discussion of the film focused on comparisons with the previous year's Capote, which had received considerable critical acclaim and for which Philip Seymour Hoffman had won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance as Capote.

In his review in The New York Times, A. O. Scott called the film "well worth your attention. It is quick-witted, stylish and well acted… warmer and more tender, if also a bit thinner and showier, than Capote… it is in the end more touching than troubling."

Rex Reed of The New York Observer opined, "They gave the Oscar to the wrong Truman Capote. I do not begrudge the versatile, popular Philip Seymour Hoffman his Oscar for playing the tiny terror in Capote, but he was doing an impression. In Infamous ... a diminutive actor with a titanic talent named Toby Jones literally becomes the man himself. This is no lisping impersonation learned from watching old Johnny Carson shows: Mr. Jones moves into Truman's skin, heart and brains. Infamous shows you the man's soul. It is a monumental achievement of great artistry and depth. In some ways, the movie is better, too ... [it] is infinitely fascinating, cinematically breathtaking and largely impeccable. It proves that there's more than one way to tell a story and view a life. It is one hell of a beautiful movie to see and savor."

In Variety, David Rooney felt the film "doesn't measure up to its predecessor and seems unlikely to echo the attention it received ... In the central role, British thesp Toby Jones is a good physical match for Capote, getting his flamboyant mannerisms and creepy, nasal voice down. But unlike Philip Seymour Hoffman's Oscar-winning turn, there's no texture, no under-the-skin sense of the conflict between Capote's ambition for his book and his compassion for, and attraction to, Perry ... Sandra Bullock's understated performance as Capote's friend Lee is a high point here – wrapped in a cardigan and puffing on cigarettes, she creates a bracingly sturdy character of this plain-speaking, unfussy woman amid a cardboard gallery of flashy sophisticates."

Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle observed, "By the standards of most pictures, this is intelligent, thoughtful filmmaking ... it's only against the exalted benchmark standard set by Capote that Infamous falls short ... It's a worthy film in its own right, with its own virtues ... Either through studying Lee or channeling someone else, Bullock adopts mannerisms and facial expressions that are not her own for this role and then works them into a well-crafted portrait of a highly internal, observant and deep-revolving spirit. It's the performance to take from the movie."

Jeff Klemzak penned two articles for the Los Angeles Times on the subject of the two biopics, arguing that Infamous, while covering the same theme as the award-winning Capote, "(a)nd as good as that film was, this one is better".

In The Village Voice, Robert Wilonsky stated the film "never comes close to approaching the quiet, devastating brilliance of Capote ... Which is not to say Infamous ... is a far inferior version ... it's just a lesser version, light in weight and absent the ache ... It's good, especially during its first half, just not good enough."

Steve Persall of the St. Petersburg Times rated the film B and added, "Infamous might have been viewed as one of this year's better films if Capote hadn't told the same story about the same characters a year ago and done it so well ... Infamous is inferior, although not drastically so, in almost every respect ... The most obvious comparisons are to be made about performances. Jones is a much more accurate physical representation of Capote than Hoffman, his high-pitched voice sounding a little more affected than his Oscar-winning predecessor. However, the relative shallowness of McGrath's screenplay doesn't offer as many emotional land mines for Jones to play. [He] delivers an uncanny impersonation, while Hoffman's portrayal was a studiously researched impression, a likely more challenging task. Call this race nearly a draw, with Hoffman simply crossing the finish line first."

In comparing this film to Capote, David Thomson of The Independent asked, "What does it have that's different? ... [It] has a gallery of Truman Capote's Manhattan friends, people who adored him without ever quite trusting him ... These cameos give a tone-perfect sense of Capote's life before In Cold Blood. He is placed as the phenomenon of culture, celebrity and outrage that he was."

Awards
Toby Jones won the London Film Critics' Circle Award for British Actor of the Year. He also won the Best Actor Award at the Ibiza International Film Festival. Daniel Craig was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Actor but lost to Alan Arkin in Little Miss Sunshine.

title: Infamous (2006 film)


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District court (Scotland)

A district court was the least authoritative type of criminal court of Scotland. The courts operated under summary procedure and dealt primarily with minor criminal offences. The district courts were administered by the district councils established under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. Following the passage of the Criminal Proceedings etc. (Reform) (Scotland) Act 2007 by the Scottish Parliament, the Scottish Ministers abolished the district courts and transferred their functions to the justice of the peace courts, which are administered by the Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service and subject to the authority of the Lord President of the Court of Session.

Establishment
District courts were introduced in 1975 by the District Courts (Scotland) Act 1975, as part of the local government reorganisation process as a replacement for burgh police courts and sat in each local authority area under summary procedure only. The district courts were administered by the district council within whose jurisdiction it operated; the district councils were established under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. Each court comprised one or more justices of the peace — lay magistrates appointed by the Secretary of State for Scotland and later the Scottish Government — who sat singly or in threes; a qualified legal assessor acted as clerk of court.

Abolition
The district courts was abolished in a rolling programme between 10 March 2008 and 22 February 2010, following the passage of the Criminal Proceedings etc. (Reform) (Scotland) Act 2007 by the Scottish Parliament. The 2007 Act enabled the Scottish Ministers to replace district courts by "justice of the peace courts". This allowed the Scottish Government to unify the administration of the sheriff courts and district courts in Scotland, but retaining lay justices of the peace. The new justice of the peace courts are managed by the Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service and are organised by sheriffdom. Responsibility for the Courts was transferred from the local authorities in a rolling programme of court unification that concluded in February 2010.

The district courts were replaced by justice of the peace courts by a series of Scottish statutory instruments as follows:

 * Sheriffdom of Lothian and Borders, 10 March 2008
 * Sheriffdom of Grampian, Highlands and Islands, 2 June 2008
 * Sheriffdom of Glasgow and Strathkelvin, 8 December 2008
 * Sheriffdom of Tayside, Central and Fife, 23 February 2009
 * Sheriffdom of North Strathclyde, 14 December 2009
 * Sheriffdom of South Strathclyde, Dumfries & Galloway, 22 February 2010

Remit and jurisdiction
They handled many cases of breach of the peace, minor assaults, petty theft, and offences under the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982. However, they could handle any offence that could competently be dealt with under summary procedure. Their sentencing powers of lay justices were limited to a fine in excess of £2,500 or imprisonment of up to 60 days. In practice, most offences were dealt with by a fine.

Stipendary magistrates
In Glasgow, the volume of business required the employment of four solicitors as stipendiary magistrates who sit in place of the lay justices. The stipendiary magistrates' court remained under the new JP court system, and had the same sentencing power as the summary sheriff court. The office of stipendiary magistrate was abolished following the passage of the Courts Reform (Scotland) Act 2014, and replaced with the new office of summary sheriff.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: District court (Scotland)


text:
User:Henry J. Muller

Henry Julien Muller - born to Shirley Ann Muller(neé Shirley Ann Hochschild, aka Shirley Patton)and to Armand Duvall Muller on March 15, 1961, at the Sanatorio Español in Mexico City.

Background -

Henry's maternal grandfather was Frederick "Fritz" Hochschild, a German Jewish lawyer from Frankfurt, Germany, who had relocated to Mexico City just a Hitler rose to power in Germany. He met and subsequently married Henry's maternal grandmother, Kathleen "Kitty" Patton. Henry's mother, Shirley Ann Hochschild, was in born in Mexico City on October 30, 1936.

Kitty Patton's father, Shirley Patton, an attorney for Shell-Mex (an Anglo-Mexican joint-venture to develop Mexico's newly discovered oil reserves)had relocated to Mexico from India by way of Victoria, B.C., and found suitable employment as an attorney, helping represent the business interests of a variety of British companies seeking to "do business" in Mexico. Kitty was born in the oil-town of Tampico, in the state of Tamaulipas, on Mexico's Gulf coast.

Henry's paternal grandfather, Julien Muller, was born in Paris in 1899 and emigrated to the US in 1901. Carolyn Smale, born in Loudon County, Virginia. Julien and Carolyn met and married in Washington, D. C. where Julien worked for the Washington Star, the sister publication and evening edition of the Washington Post. Henry's father, Armand, was born in Washington, D. C. on June 3, 1930.

Henry's father, Armand, joined the Army just as the Korean War was beginning. At the time, the US Army was not accepting married men. Armand had married Georgia Coleman Jennings. Her father was cellist with National Symphony Orchestra in Washington, D.C.. Armand was informed that the Army's 955th Topographic Company was accepting surveyors so he joined that outfit, essentially joining the Army through a "backdoor". He then transferred to the Regular Army and served with the 3rd Armored Cavalry, reaching the rank of Sergeant First Class. Upon completion of his second stint in the military, Armand decided to avail himself of the provision in the GI Bill that essentially provided funding for soldiers seeking to pursue a college education in the school of their choice, provided the college was one of hundreds approved for the program. Armand's plan was put in one year of college studies in order to fulfill an Army requirement for enlisted soldiers seeking to move up the enlisted ranks and make Master Sergeant. He and his Army buddies decided that the GI Bill would provide the means to travel and get to "know the world", the first stop on their globe-trotting ways was Mexico City, where he enrolled in what was then known as Mexico City College, and is know known as the University of the Americas, located in Cholula, Puebla. This is how Armand ended up in Mexico in 1957. To be continued....

title: User:Henry J. Muller


text:
Talk:Eastern Finnish dialects

Untitled
This article says that meänkieli is an eastern Finnish dialect. Here is a map that says the opposit, the Finnish language in the most northern parts of Sweden is a Western Finnish dialect. / Habj 23:11, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd say that meänkieli is part of the northern dialects (pohjoismurteet) of finnish. The northern dialects are more west finnish origin than east. --Icepenguin 12:06, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I'd say there is no real need for this page, since Karelian is a language, and dialects northern, western and easter could and should be referred from the finnish language page. meankieli, is definitly not eastern. I can't be bothered to find out how to AfD a page nowadays. 85.156.70.176 (talk) 22:41, 30 January 2009 (UTC)

I'd say there should be an own area for Kotka and it's area,Kymi, the dialect spoken there is quite different from Savonnian and Karelian. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.27.82.167 (talk) 16:01, 26 February 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eastern Finnish dialects


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Mountain of Madness

"Mountain of Madness" (originally titled "The Most Excellent Snowy Mountain Adventure") is the twelfth episode of the eighth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 2, 1997. In the episode, Mr. Burns forces his employees of the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant to go for a team-building hike in the mountains. Burns and Homer are paired together and trapped in a cabin that gets buried by several avalanches.

"Mountain of Madness" was directed by Mark Kirkland and written by John Swartzwelder. Swartzwelder's script underwent many rewrites, during which the story was completely rewritten from scratch. Several new designs and backgrounds had to be created for the wilderness scenes. The episode received mostly positive reviews.

Plot
During a fire drill at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant, the employees panic and fail to evacuate the plant within 15 minutes. Outraged, Mr. Burns announces his workers must compete in a team-building exercise at a snow-covered mountain retreat. Due to a misunderstanding, Homer brings his family along, mistaking the team-building exercise for a vacation. The employees must work in pairs: Homer is partnered with Burns, while Smithers competes alone due to an odd number of participants (having originally thought the drawing was rigged so that he and Burns would be team-mates). The goal is to reach a cabin at the mountaintop, which contains food and champagne; the second last team will get a "Worlds Worst Employee" trophy, while the last team to arrive will be fired.

Burns persuades Homer to cheat by using a snowmobile to reach the cabin. Arriving early, they enjoy the comfortable surroundings and each other's company. They clink their champagne glasses and inadvertently cause an avalanche that buries the entire cabin. Burns attempts to contact the outside world with a telegraph, to no avail. Burns and Homer also try to dig out of the snow-covered cabin, which causes more avalanches. Homer and Burns start blaming each other for causing the avalanches. They realize it may take days to be rescued and pass the time by playing games and building snowmen dressed in their clothes. Meanwhile, Bart and Lisa attempt to help Smithers get to the cabin, but inadvertently waste time looking for food and searching for gold, much to Smithers' dismay. Lenny and Carl arrive at the right spot but find the cabin gone and unaware it is buried beneath them, so they leave. The other employees reach a ranger station, thinking it is their destination. When the workers realize that Homer and Burns have yet to arrive, they suspect something bad has happened to them. After a few hours in the cabin, Homer and Burns are beset by cabin fever and have paranoid thoughts. After a vicious struggle, Burns accidentally ignites the propane tank, launching the building from the snow and propelling it toward the workers, who are preparing a rescue operation.

When the fuel is spent, the cabin comes to a halt just feet from hitting the ranger station, and Burns and Homer emerge cold and disheveled. Burns reminds everyone of the contest, so the workers rush inside. Lenny is fired after being the last person in the cabin. After, Burns realizes his workers have learned the value of teamwork and announces that no one will be fired after all. Lenny prepares to harangue Burns for firing him, but falls in a pit of snow. The workers and Homer's family celebrate their shared victory while Homer and Burns eye each other suspiciously.

Production
The script for "Mountain of Madness" is credited to John Swartzwelder, although it underwent many rewrites. According to Josh Weinstein, "a Swartzwelder script is like a finely tooled crazy German machine and if you have the wrong engineers try to fix it, it blows up. And that's the thing, 'cause it had great jokes but we sort of changed the story and went through a bunch of drafts." The story was completely rewritten and as a result, the plot became odder and quirkier with the scenes of paranoia deriving from this. The original script was "really crazy" but a lot of the more insane material was cut. However, most of the rewrites were done during the script-writing and did not require any major animation changes. One change was the ending, which was added after the animatic. The episode features several pairings of established characters who had previously interacted little, such as Waylon Smithers with Bart and Lisa. Weinstein feels that this was one of the first episodes to notably develop Lenny and Carl as a duo.

The episode was directed by Mark Kirkland and a lot of new designs and backgrounds had to be created for the wilderness scenes. The backgrounds were designed by animator Debbie Silver. The design of the forest ranger was based on then-Vice President Al Gore. In the episode, Marge watches an old film which includes a comment from naturalist John Muir. The impression of Muir was done by Dan Castellaneta, who originally based the voice on an impersonator he met at Yosemite National Park. However, the producers asked him to make the voice older and crazier.

Reception
In its original broadcast, "Mountain of Madness" finished 26th in ratings for the week of January 27-February 2, 1997, with a Nielsen rating of 10.5, equivalent to approximately 10.2 million viewing households. It was the fourth-highest-rated show on the Fox network that week, following The X-Files, World's Scariest Police Chases, and King of the Hill.

Since airing, the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics.

The authors of the book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, called it "an inventive episode, with several memorable moments". Tim Raynor of DVDTown.com said there are some "good, sidesplitting moments to say the least for this witty episode". DVD Movie Guide's Colin Jacobson called the episode "a good show" and praised it for the "snowy setting [that] allows the other characters to expand as well".

title: Mountain of Madness


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Gongylonema neoplasticum

Gongylonema neoplasticum (more famously as Spiroptera carcinoma) is a roundworm parasite of rats. It was discovered by a Danish physician Johannes Fibiger in 1907. Fibiger and Hjalmar Ditlevsen made a formal description in 1914 as Spiroptera (Gongylonema) neoplastica. But Ditlevsen gave the final valid name Gongylonema neoplasticum in 1918. The nematode is transmitted between rats and cockroaches.

When Fibiger discovered the nematode in the stomach of rats, he found that the stomach had tumours. Inspired by the possible link of the nematode and tumour, he performed experiments to induce tumours with nematode infection. He published his experimental success in 1913. The nematode experiment earned Fibiger the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, but under controversial circumstances. Moreover, it was later proven that Fibiger came to a wrong conclusion, that the nematode is not carcinogenic. Erling Norrby, who had served as the Permanent Secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Professor and Chairman of Virology at the Karolinska Institute, declared Fibiger's Nobel Prize as "one of the biggest blunders made by the Karolinska Institute."

Discovery
A Danish physician, Johannes Fibiger, while working as Director of the Institute of Pathological Anatomy at the University of Copenhagen, dissected some wild rats collected from Dorpat (now, Tartu, in Estonia) in 1907. He discovered nematodes and their eggs in the stomach of rats, and more importantly, the rats had stomach tumour (papilloma). He found that some tumours were metastatic (cancerous), from which he built a hypothesis that the nematodes caused stomach cancer. After five years he experimentally demonstrated that the nematode could induce stomach cancer. He published his discovery in a series of three papers in 1913, and also presented them at the Académie Royale des Sciences et des Lettres de Danemark (Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters), and Troisième Conférence Internationale pour l’Étude du Cancer (Third International Conference for Researches in Cancer) at Brussels the same year. He knew that the nematode was a new species, and provisionally named it Spiroptera carcinom in 1914. With the help of Hjalmar Ditlevsen, of the Zoological Museum of the University of Copenhagen, he made a complete zoological description and named it Spiroptera (Gongylonema) neoplastica in 1914. Ditlevsen revised the description in 1918, and gave the final valid name Gongylonema neoplasticum.

Structure
G. neoplasticum is a gastrointestinal parasite of rats, Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus. The adult roundworms are present in the epithelium of the anterior portion of the digestive tract, including the mouth, tongue, oesophagus and fundus. The body is cylindrical and elongated with both ends narrowing down. The body covering called cuticle is regularly striated. Although they are structurally similar, male and female can be easily differentiated. An adult male is relatively smaller, measuring 1.5 cm long and 0.1-0.16 mm wide. Its posterior end is more pointed and bent inward. The tail end contains cloaca and precloacal sucker on the ventral side, which are surrounded by sensory structures called caudal papillae. Two thread-like projections spicules originate from the cloaca. The female is considerable larger, about 4–5 cm long and 0.23 mm to 0.33 mm in diameter. The tail is bluntly rounded. There is a single anus, but sucker and papillae are absent.

Life cycle
G. neoplasticum completes its life cycle in two hosts, rats as definitive hosts, and cockroaches (Periplaneta) as intermediate hosts. It is hermaphrodite, and has both male and female reproductive organs in the same body. The male reproductive system consists of a single testis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, two spicules, gubernaculum and bursa. Female reproductive organs include a pair of ovaries, oviducts, seminal receptacle, uteri and a long oviduct, vagina and vulva. The eggs are oval shaped, and enclosed in double egg membrane. They are about 57x33 μm in diameter. Inside the membrane is an embryo. Eggs are laid in the intestine of the host and excreted along with the faeces. The infested faeces are eaten by cockroaches. Inside the cockroach, the embryonic membrane is removed liberating the embryo. The embryo move to the muscle layer where it grow into a thread-like larva after 4–5 weeks. Then after 3 weeks they undergo structural modification called moulting. After this, they become infective to rats, whenever they eat an infected cockroach.

Nobel Prize
Fibiger's experiment was the first to show that nematodes cause cancer, and that cancer (tumour) can be experimentally induced. His discovery was supported by the experiment of two Japanese scientists Katsusaburo Yamagiwa and Koichi Ichikawa in 1918. Yamagiwa and Ichikawa showed that it was possible to induce cancer (carcinoma) in rabbits, and that the simplest method was by painting coal-tar on the inner surface of the ear. They even showed that different mechanical or chemical irritation, especially the painting of coal-tar upon the inner surface of the ear was the most effective in inducing carcinoma in rabbits. A number of independent experiments subsequently confirmed the cancer-inducing effect of coal-tar in mice. The importance of Fibiger's work was regarded as conclusive. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1926.

Controversy
From 1920 onward, Fibiger was nominated for the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine 18 times. In 1920, he received two nominations, and the nominations included Katsusaburo Yamagiwa. But the two assessors appointed by the Nobel Committee, Folke Henschen and Hilding Bergstrand could not come to a mutual agreement. Henschen was in favour of the prize for the two nominees, while Bergstrand was adamant that they did not deserve. Bergstand conclusion was that there was not "much support for the possibility that the work of Fibiger and Yamagiwa will have great importance in the solving of the riddle of cancer. Under such circumstances I do not consider these discoveries worthy of the Nobel Prize." The Nobel Committee decided not to give the 1926 award. But Fibiger, without Yamagiwa, was again considered for the award in 1927. There were two other nominees: Otto Heinrich Warburg, for his works of cancer metabolism and respiratory enzymes, and Julius Wagner-Jauregg, for the discovery of malariotherapy. The Nobel Committee resolved that Fibiger and Warburg would jointly receive the Nobel Prize for 1926, and Wagner-Jauregg for 1927. But the Karolinska Institute overruled the decision and rejected Warburg. (Warburg was eventually awarded in 1931.) Fibiger became the sole winner of the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, "for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma".

Disproof of Fibiger's discovery
Experimental evidence later refuted Fibiger's Nobel Prize discovery. In 1918, there was a critical comment from F. D. Bullock and G. L. Rohdenburg that Fibiger could have confused cancer-like (neoplastic) tumour from true (metastatic) cancer, and that he had not induced actual cancer. But Fibiger responded "That these tumors are true carcinomata cannot, thus, be doubted, and the fact that they may occur in younger animals does not diminish our right to range them among the true malignant neoplasms." After his death in 1928, there was a better understanding of the nature of cancer—on the differences of neoplastic tumour and malignant tumours (cancer), challenging the claims of Fibiger. The most important criticism was by Richard Douglas Passey, with his colleagues A. Léese, and J.C. Knox. Their experimental conclusions were that the nematode could not cause cancer, and that experimentally-induced cancer was due to other factors such as vitamin A deficiency. Fibiger used a vitamin A-less diet for his experimental rats, and it was by then established that vitamin A deprivation alone could induce cancer. An elaborate experiment by W. Cramer in 1937 came to the conclusion that Fibiger's tumour could not be a true cancer. A more rigorous study was done by Claude R. Hitchcock and E. T. Bell in 1952. They repeated Fibiger's experiments using advanced techniques, and concluded that the tumours induced by the nematode in rats were metaplasia, not cancer. All tumours were due to vitamin A deficiency. Systematic reanalysis of Fibiger's data also gave the same conclusion that G. neoplasticum can cause tumour, but is not carcinogenic by itself.

title: Gongylonema neoplasticum


text: Talk:Casualties of the Armenian genocide


text:
Talk:Gongylonema neoplasticum

Untitled
that was a great article on spirophera!

title: Talk:Gongylonema neoplasticum


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User:Scm83x/Engineering Equations

Engineering Equations of the Week is my personal page to document the particular engineering equation that I am using the most that week or holds special significance for the moment. It is also a method for me to improve my familiarity with the Wikimarkup for mathematical formulas.

Week of 23 October 2005:
 * Simpson's One-Third Rule
 * $$\int_a^b f(x) dx\approx

\frac{h}{3}\bigg[f(x_0)+2\sum_{i=1}^{n/2-1}f(x_{2i})+ 4\sum_{j=1}^{n/2}f(x_{2j-1})+f(x_n) \bigg]$$

Week of 16 October 2005:
 * Multidimensional Newton-Raphson method
 * $$ \begin{bmatrix} x_{i+1} \\ y_{i+1} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} x_{i}  \\ y_{i} \end{bmatrix} - \begin{bmatrix} {\partial f \over \partial x} & {\partial f \over \partial y} \\ {\partial g \over \partial x} & {\partial g \over \partial y} \end{bmatrix}^{-1} \begin{bmatrix} f(x_i,y_i) \\ g(x_i,y_i) \end{bmatrix}$$

Week of 9 October 2005:
 * Conservation of momentum for a control volume
 * $$ {\partial \over \partial t} \int_{CV}^{} {\vec V \rho}\, d\mathbb{V} + \int_{CS}^{} {\vec V \rho (\vec V \cdot \hat n)}\, dA = \Sigma \vec F$$

Week of 2 October 2005:
 * Bernoulli's equation
 * $$ p+{\rho v^2 \over 2}+{\gamma z}=\mathrm{constant} $$

title: User:Scm83x/Engineering Equations


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Billy Spiller

William John Spiller (8 July 1886 – 9 June 1970), was a Welsh rugby union player and cricketer. His greatest achievements were in rugby, where he won ten international caps at centre for Wales between 1910 and 1913, but his short first-class cricket career was also notable as he was the first man to score a century for Glamorgan after their elevation to first-class status in the 1921 season. A right-handed batsman, he also made six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship for Durham.

Cricket career
Spiller was born in St Fagans, near Cardiff, and played minor cricket for Glamorgan from 1905 onwards, although as a police officer with the Glamorgan force he was unable to appear regularly for the club after 1908. He did, however, achieve much success in club cricket in the area, while in rugby he was part of the Wales team that in 1910-11 won the Triple Crown, a feat they were not to achieve again for almost four decades. He scored a fine try on his Welsh debut against Scotland in 1910. In club rugby he played 184 games for Cardiff between 1905 and 1914 and also played for Pontypridd.

Spiller made his first-class cricket debut for Glamorgan in July 1921 against Worcestershire at Kidderminster, having gained two months' leave from his police job, and made respectable scores of 40 and 23. Throughout July and August Spiller played regularly for his county, and in late July he became the first Glamorgan batsman to reach three figures in the first-class game when he hit 104 in the second innings against Northamptonshire, albeit in a match the Welsh county lost by 244 runs.

That was to prove the high point of Spiller's cricketing career, and except for an innings of 58 against Sussex in August, he never again passed 30 in the first-class game. In 1921, his only significant season in first-class cricket, he finished with 378 runs from 11 matches at an average of 21. He played a single first-class game in each of the next two seasons, and one further minor game for Durham in 1924 before retiring.

Spiller died in St. Fagans, the village of his birth, a month short of his 84th birthday.

title: Billy Spiller


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cboc

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 05:04, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Cboc
Delete. Two acronym definitions only, and dubious ones at that. Move to Wiktionary if the acronym is known. One definition is POV, the other does not seem to make sense. ♠DanMS 23:15, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — RJH 19:14, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Ilmari Karonen 22:01, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cboc


text:
Blood meal

Blood meal is a dry, inert powder made from blood, used as a high-nitrogen organic fertilizer and a high protein animal feed. N = 13.25%, P = 1.0%, K = 0.6%. It is one of the highest non-synthetic sources of nitrogen. It usually comes from cattle or hogs as a slaughterhouse by-product.

Dietary supplement
Blood meal can be used as a livestock dietary supplement and is mainly added to supply dietary lysine for cattle, fish and poultry. Prior to use, it is sometimes mixed with molasses.

Organic fertilizers
Blood meal, bone meal, and other animal by-products are permitted in certified organic production as soil amendments, though they cannot be fed to organic livestock. Blood meal is different from bone meal in that blood meal contains a higher amount of nitrogen, while bone meal contains phosphorus. Alternatives to Blood Meal include feather meal and alfalfa meal. Blood meal is sometimes used as a composting activator.

Pest control
Blood meal can be spread on gardens to deter pest animals such as rabbits. The theory is that the animals smell the blood and are repelled by the odor.

Classifications

 * It is a proteinaceous concentrate according to classifications of feed.
 * It is a protein-yielding feedstuff according to classifications of feedstuffs.

Processing
Blood needs to be dried before being used as blood meal. Several drying methods are available: solar drying, oven drying, drum drying, flash drying or spray drying.

title: Blood meal


text:
Lorenzo de Arrau

Lorenzo de Arrau (1735–1781) was a Spanish military engineer who served in Chile during the second half of the 18th century.

Biography
Arrau (Llorenç d'Arrau) was born in Barcelona in 1735.

He was sent to the Spanish colony of Chile by King Carlos III to work as a military engineer. De Arrau arrived in Chile in 1763, accompanying Juan Garland and Ambrosio O'Higgins (future Marquis of Osorno and Viceroy of Perú and father of Bernardo O'Higgins, the father of the Chilean independence). He served in Valdivia in 1764, and in Santiago where he established an arsenal for the manufacture of cannons.

He married Isabel de Santa María Escobedo y Baeza, and they had six children: Juan (single), Pedro Juan (a down-to-earth rancher and an ancestor of pianist Claudio Arrau), Clara, Juana, Cruz, and Manuela Bárbara (nun).

He died in 1781 in Chillán, Chile.

His son Pedro Juan de Arrau y Santa Maria married Carmen Darroch del Solar, a descendant of Reverend John Darroch (who descended from the Campbells of Craignish, Scotland) and his wife Elspeth Campbell (of the Campbells of Glenorchy, Scotland).

Lorenzo de Arrau y Alguer-Suari belonged to a family of painters and artists from Barcelona famous since the 17th century. The origins of the Arraus can be found in Barcelona and, further, in France. One of his descendants is the Chilean pianist Claudio Arrau.

title: Lorenzo de Arrau


text: File:LBmoviePoster.jpg

title: File:LBmoviePoster.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fisher & Paykel

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep and cleanup --JAranda | yeah 04:22, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Fisher & Paykel
Currently advertisement. Needs at least a major re-write. Dl yo ns 493  Ta lk   23:17, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Withdrawing Afd and leaving Advertising tag as per feedback below. Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   11:23, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep and cleanup. At least add the  tag to speed up rewriting.  An ariticle shouldn't be deleted just because the current version is substandard.  Fisher & Paykel gets 1,000,000+ results on Google and seems notable to me.  --W.marsh 00:05, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. Major international appliance manufacturer. Their unusual dishwashers are widely available in North America. AfD is not the place for cleanup requests. Pburka 00:50, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and rewrite. Major company. Grutness...  wha?  01:23, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * keep as per above Roodog2k (talk) 01:50, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Major company. Well known brand where I come from (Australia). Cnwb 05:50, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and clean-up. This is a known appliance manufacturer. Stu 20:54, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Base36

Base36 is a binary-to-text encoding scheme that represents binary data in an ASCII string format by translating it into a radix-36 representation. The choice of 36 is convenient in that the digits can be represented using the Arabic numerals 0–9 and the Latin letters A–Z (the ISO basic Latin alphabet).

Each base36 digit needs less than 6 bits of information to be represented.

Conversion
Signed 32- and 64-bit integers will only hold at most 6 or 13 base-36 digits, respectively (that many base-36 digits can overflow the 32- and 64-bit integers). For example, the 64-bit signed integer maximum value of "9223372036854775807" is "1Y2P0IJ32E8E7" in base-36. Similarly, the 32-bit signed integer maximum value of "2147483647" is "ZIK0ZJ" in base-36.

Standard implementations
The C standard library since C89 supports base36 numbers via the strtol and strtoul functions

In the Common Lisp standard (ANSI INCITS 226-1994), functions like  support a radix of 2 to 36.

Java SE supports conversion from/to String to different bases from 2 up to 36. For example, and

Just like Java, JavaScript also supports conversion from/to String to different bases from 2 up to 36.

PHP, like Java, supports conversion from/to String to different bases from 2 up to 36 using the base_convert function, available since PHP 4.

Go supports conversion to string to different bases from 2 up to 36 using the built-in, and   functions,  and conversions from string encoded in different bases from 2 up to 36 using the built-in  , and   functions.

Python allows conversions of strings from base 2 to base 36.

title: Base36


text:
The Frog Prince (album)

The Frog Prince: The Original Soundtrack Recording is a soundtrack album to the English and French produced romantic comedy film The Frog Prince (1984), released in 1985 by Island Visual Arts, a subsidiary label of Island Records. The music was composed by Irish singer, songwriter and musician Enya, but only two of its tracks, "The Frog Prince" and "Dreams", were performed by her with the remaining tracks performed by other musicians or arranged and produced by Richard Myhill; several jazz standards are also performed. It was reissued in August 1999 by Spectrum Music.

Personnel

 * Enya – lead vocals ("The Frog Prince" and "Dreams"), various instruments

 * Additional personnel
 * Jazz Club – performer on "Mack the Knife", "Let It Be Me", "Sweet Georgia Brown", and "Georgia on My Mind"
 * Édith Piaf – lead vocals ("Les Flon-Flons du Bal")
 * Roma Ryan – lyrics ("The Frog Prince")
 * Charlie McGettigan – lyrics ("Dreams")

 * Production
 * Nicky Ryan – producer ("The Frog Prince" and "Dreams")
 * Richard Myhill – producer, arranger (Enya-composed tracks)
 * Philip Begley – engineer (Enya-composed tracks)
 * Steve Allan – engineer
 * Andrew Boland – mixer (Enya-composed tracks)

title: The Frog Prince (album)


text:
User:Saadpralard~enwiki

สวัสดีครับ

บ้าหรือเปล่าครับเข้ามาดู profile ผมทำไม อยากรู้อะไรถามสาวยาคูลย์สิครับ

sawasdee krub

เวรกำ and welcome

title: User:Saadpralard~enwiki


text:
Russell Shorto

Russell Anthony Shorto (born February 8, 1959) is an American author, historian, and journalist who is best known for his book on the Dutch origins of New York City, The Island at the Center of the World. Shorto's research for the book relied greatly on the work of the New Netherland Project, now known as the New Netherland Research Center, as well as the New Netherland Institute. Shorto has been the New Netherland Institute's Senior Scholar since 2013.

In November 2017, he published Revolution Song: A Story of American Freedom, which tells the story of the American Revolution through the eyes of six Americans from vastly different walks of life.

His most recent work is Smalltime: A Story of My Family and the Mob, published in February 2021. The book is a memoir, covering Shorto's own family history and his ancestors involvement in the American Mafia in Johnstown, Pennsylvania.

In 2022, Shorto founded, and became Director of, the New Amsterdam Project at the New-York Historical Society, with a mission to promote awareness of New York's Dutch origins.

Personal life
Born in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, on February 8, 1959, Shorto is a 1981 graduate of George Washington University. He is a contributing writer for The New York Times Magazine and was from 2008 to 2013 the director of the in Amsterdam, where he lived from 2007 to 2013. As of 2014, Shorto resided in Cumberland, Maryland, where he wrote Revolution Song, his narrative history of the American Revolution.

On September 8, 2009, Shorto received a Dutch knighthood in the Order of Orange-Nassau for strengthening Netherlands-United States relations through his publications and as director of the John Adams Institute.

In 2018, Shorto was inducted into the New York State Writers Hall of Fame.

He is married to Pamela Twigg and has three children and three stepchildren.

Books

 * Gospel Truth: The New Image of Jesus Emerging from Science and History, and Why It Matters. ISBN 1-57322-056-6 (New York, Riverhead Books, 1997)
 * Saints and Madmen: How Pioneering Psychiatrists Are Creating a New Science of the Soul. ISBN 0-8050-5902-4 (New York, Henry Holt & Company, 1999)
 * The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony that Shaped America. ISBN 0-385-50349-0 (New York, Doubleday, 2004)
 * Descartes' Bones: A Skeletal History of the Conflict Between Faith and Reason. ISBN 978-0-385-51753-9 (New York, Random House, October 14, 2008)
 * Amsterdam: A History of the World's Most Liberal City. ISBN 978-1-408-70348-9 (New York, Doubleday, October 2013)
 * Revolution Song: A Story of American Freedom. ISBN 978-0-393-24554-7 (New York, W. W. Norton & Company, November 7, 2017)
 * Smalltime: A Story of My Family and the Mob ISBN 978-1324020172 (New York, W. W. Norton & Company, February 2021)

title: Russell Shorto


text: Category:Government of Hungary

title: Category:Government of Hungary


text:
Talk:Pseudogout

Absolutely agree that these pages be merged. The CPPD page is excellent.--Mylesclough 23:22, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

There is another stub on (more or less?) the same subject: Chondrocalcinosis — another candidate to merge? — Nol Aders 13:28, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pseudogout


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Quale

 * ''The following discussion is preserved as an archive of a request for adminship that did not succeed. Please do not modify it.

Quale
Closed (6/2/6) ending 23:16 October 8, 2005 (UTC)

– I believe that this user would make a good admin. He has been here since March 2005, and has amassed over 4200 edits, 2868 in article namespace, 1019 in Wikipedia namespace. Reviewing his edits, Ive noticed that he is always courteous, he is an active participant on AFDs, and he actively uses edit summaries. I believe he deserves the mop! →Jo urna list  >>talk<<  23:16, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Candidate, please indicate acceptance of the nomination here: respectfully decline
 * While I appreciate the nomination, I wish to decline it. The work I enjoy doing most on Wikipedia doesn't doesn't require adminship. I rarely make edits to articles on particularly controversial topics, and I think being an effective adminstrator might require greater involvement in the sorts of things that I have mostly avoided so far. Recently in performing cleanup I've worked on articles far afield from the chess articles that had been most of my edits before, and my view of Wikipedia is still changing a bit.  I apologize to anyone put off by my delayed response.  It wasn't intended as a sign of disrespect—I was caught unprepared and just wasn't sure whether accepting the nomination would be good for me and for Wikipedia. I'm sure declining will be fine for both. Thanks to all. Quale 04:46, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Support
 * Support as nominator. →Jo urna list   >>talk<<  23:16, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * 1) Merovingian (t) (c) 05:24, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support, I saw some of the edits. --MissingLinks 07:49, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Fir  e  Fox  T  C 11:50, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Support Has enough edits, has been here long enough. Private Butcher 16:58, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Resistance is futile; you will be administrated. -- BD2412 talk 18:31, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) An ideal admin. Andre ( talk ) 21:06, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Sounds good to me. I think a user's contribs speak broader than his answers to the standard questions here, and should note that Uncle G got a plethora of support votes before answering them, and have seen no reason to regret adminning him. Radiant_ >|< 22:44, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Oppose
 * 1) Far too many Wikipedia namespace edits, too early. I suggest a long period of article editing to improve this editor's editing experience and broaden his perspectives. --Tony Sidaway Talk  18:08, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose. Over the past two days, despite being active here (over 150 edits since his nomination!), this user has ignored this RfA, even after repeated notices on his Talk page. If he's not interested—that's fine, but the civil thing to do is let us know, one way or the other. Would people seeking his help as an admin also expect to be ignored this way? Note that only 1.5% of his edits are in the User_talk namespace. Owen×  ☎  22:18, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Neutral
 * 1) Neutral for now and  until I see his answers to the questions below. I would also want to what happened that with 4,000+ edits you only have 115 on Talk namespace. That is a concern as it shows little engagement with other editors. ≈ jossi ≈ 00:49, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) I have had excellent experiences working with Quale. I will be delighted to support when I see his acceptance. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:55, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Neutral until user accepts nomination and answers the questions. I can't support anyone who hasn't, unless I've nominated them myself. — J I P | Talk 16:33, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Neutral I don't remember seeing this editor about the place, so will wait for answers.Alf melmac 21:51, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Neutral until nomination is accepted and questions are answered. Will probably switch to support. De ryc  k C.  16:40, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Shifting into Neutral - user has not accepted the nom despite several nudges on his talk page by various editors, leading me to suspect he'd rather be left alone. -- BD2412 talk 20:39, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Comments
 * Honestly, it seems as if this editor does not want to become an admin. He hasen't contacted me regarding his answer, and he shows no interest whatsoever. By studying his contributions, youll know that he has made edits since Ive contacted him, so Im sure that he has gotten the messages I left him. In fact, he has even spoken to other editors who left messages after I did. Im sorry, I no longer wish to support. →Jo urna list   >>talk<<  22:17, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Has he anywhere informally said yes? Journalist? Moral of the story don't nominate without making sure. Maybe he just goes about his business and doesn't want to be bothered with this sort of thing—not a fault. Marskell 23:14, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, User:Flcelloguy told me that he spoke to another user about it (after a bit of coaxing, it seems), saying that he hadnt decided yet, but I still find it a bit odd that he ignored me. See here. Dont worry about me, Ive learned my lesson. Next time, Ill make absolutely sure. :) →Jo urna list  >>talk<<  00:38, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Journalist, you did nothing wrong. There's no harm in nominating someone who isn't interested; this is why we have the "Candidate, please indicate acceptance" bit. You've done everything possible to get Quale to respond to this nomination. Owen× ☎  01:47, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A.
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A.
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future?
 * A.
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page. No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Quale


text: Category:Foreign relations of Hungary

title: Category:Foreign relations of Hungary


text: User talk:207.218.205.84

title: User talk:207.218.205.84


text:
Kenshiro

Kenshiro (ケンシロウ) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Fist of the North Star manga series created by Tetsuo Hara and Buronson. In the story, Kenshiro is the rightful successor of an ancient art of assassination called Hokuto Shinken, which allows him to defeat his adversaries through the hidden meridian points.

Kenshiro's appearance and characteristics were primarily based on martial artist and actor Bruce Lee and action film star Yūsaku Matsuda, while his outfit was loosely based on Mel Gibson's costume from Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior. Through the course of the original manga, Kenshiro fights against various ruffians who threaten the lives of the post-apocalyptic survivors, as well as numerous rival martial artists, including his three honorary brothers trained in the art of Hokuto Shinken.

Concept and creation
Manga artist Tetsuo Hara was a fan of Hong Kong martial artist Bruce Lee as well as action manga series and the Japanese action film star Yūsaku Matsuda. He combined the appearance and character traits of Lee and Matsuda when he came up with the character design of Kenshiro. Hara and his editor Nobuhiko Horie realized they needed a secret signature martial arts technique, but were at a loss for ideas until Horie browsed a used Chinese book store on Suzuran Street in Jinbōchō, Tokyo. He found an anecdote of a medical student in China, who, after overstimulating an acupressure point in order to help an eye issue, had instead made the condition worse. Horie believed that destroying bodies by attacking pressure points was perfect for a shōnen manga, as it allowed someone small to take out a much bigger opponent. The editor also derived the manga's title and the name of the technique from a Chinese constellation myth that features two sages, Hokuto and Nanto, the gods of death and life respectively. Horie pictured the manga's protagonist, Kenshiro, as the son of Hokuto.

In Hara's two-part prototype version of Fist of the North Star, Kenshiro is a young man who fights against the rival martial arts school of the Taizanji Kenpō in 1980s Japan. This version of the character has the full name of Kenshiro Kasumi (霞 拳四郎), based on the name of the fictional martial artist Sanshiro Sugata. In this setting, Kenshiro is the 23rd successor of Hokuto Shinken, preceded by his unnamed father, who in turn learned the art from the 21st successor, Master Liú Zhèng (劉正). This Kenshiro is much more cheerful than the Kenshiro of the serialized manga, having yet to experience the same hardships at the start of the story. After Kenshiro's girlfriend, Yuki is murdered and he is framed for her death, Kenshiro becomes a wanted fugitive who sets out to overthrow the Taizanji organization.

The character was revised by author Buronson when Fist of the North Star was picked up for weekly serialization. Now turned into a full-grown adult, Buronson has stated that he based the revised Kenshiro primarily on Bruce Lee. He also cites the Mad Max film series as an influence. Buronson had asked Hara to give Kenshiro seven scars in the shape of the Big Dipper for no reason other than their cool aesthetic. But when they then began thinking of Kenshiro's backstory and the reason he wanders the wasteland, Buronson devised that they came from the guy who stole the woman he loved.

The character is only referred by his given name in the series, which is always written in katakana in Japanese. The full name Kenshiro Kasumi was reused for the main character of Fist of the Blue Sky, a predecessor of the Kenshiro from Fist of the North Star, although his given name is spelled differently (拳志郎).

Character overview
Kenshiro is the youngest of four adopted sons trained by the previous Hokuto Shinken successor, Ryuken. As a child, he was sent to Japan, along with his future nemesis Raoh and Raoh's brother Toki, to escape from their homeland, the war-torn Land of Asura. Along with Raoh, Toki and a fourth student named Jagi, Kenshiro, the youngest of the four, was trained in the art of Hokuto Shinken and eventually named successor by Ryuken. After surviving the nuclear war, he tried to live in peace with his fiancée Yulia, until Jagi instigates Shin, a jealous rival from the Nanto Koshuken school, to challenge, then defeat Kenshiro. Shin then engraved the iconic seven scars on Kenshiro's chest by stabbing Kenshiro with his fingertips and left him for dead. Prior to this event, he was more forgiving of his enemies, as shown in a flashback of Jagi's failed assassination attempt against him, in which Kenshiro chooses to spare Jagi's life after defeating him. When Kenshiro later fights his old rivals in the present, particularly Shin, Jagi, and Raoh, they all remark on Kenshiro's acquired mercilessness.

The initial story arc centers around Kenshiro's quest to reclaim Yulia from Shin. He meets a pair of orphans who follow him in his journey: Bat, a thief; and Lin, a young girl rescued by Ken. Throughout the course of the series, Kenshiro protects the weak and innocent from the numerous gangs roaming the post-apocalyptic wasteland, eventually gaining his reputation as the "Savior of the Century's End." Kenshiro's skills improve through his encounters with members of the Nanto Roku Seiken and his Hokuto brothers. In the intervening years between Kenshiro last encountering his brothers, Toki decided to use his powers in a way that brought no pain, through healing and painless attacks, while Raoh became considerably more misguided, intent on becoming the 'Conqueror of the Century's End' through ruling the wasteland with an iron fist. Kenshiro eventually confronts and defeats Raoh and is reunited with Yulia, and lives with her until she eventually dies from a terminal illness brought on by radiation sickness. However, Raoh's prior intervention has extended Yulia's life expectancy from months to several years. Years later, Kenshiro joins forces with the now-grown Bat and Lin, who have formed the Hokuto Army to fight off the now-corrupt Gento Kōken warriors. The story eventually takes Ken to the Land of Asura, where he learns of his Hokuto Sōke heritage and fights against the warlords who control the Land of Asura: his estranged blood brother Hyoh; and Kaioh, Raoh's other blood brother. In the end, Kenshiro takes Raoh's orphaned son, Ryu, under his wing, before continuing on his own, the future of humanity finally sealed with the defeat of Kaioh.

Kenshiro is also known as, due to the seven scars engraved on his chest patterned after the shape of the Big Dipper (the symbol of the Hokuto school), as well as. Kenshiro's famous catchphrase just prior to an enemy's death is.

Voice actors
Kenshiro has been voiced by numerous voice actors in different media. Akira Kamiya voiced him first in the original anime television series and movie, as well as in a few video games. He is voiced by Takehito Koyasu in the original video animation series New Fist of the North Star, Kunihiro Kawamoto in the Fist of the North Star arcade game and CGI short Hokuto no Ken: Legend of Heroes, Hiroshi Abe in The Legends of the True Savior film series, Hideo Ishikawa in the video game version of Ten no Haō, Katsuyuki Konishi in the video games Fist of the North Star: Ken's Rage, J-Stars Victory VS, Jump Force and Fitness Boxing: Fist of the North Star, and Takaya Kuroda and Robbie Daymond in the video game Fist of the North Star: Lost Paradise. The child version of Kenshiro is voiced by Ryō Horikawa in the original anime series and by Yūko Gibu in the Legends of the True Savior film series.

Reception
In a survey conducted by the Oricon in 2007 among 1,000 people, Kenshiro ranked third place as the "strongest manga character of all time," behind only Dragon Ball protagonist Son Goku and Doraemon who ranked first and second, respectively. A "wedding ceremony" for Kenshiro and Yuria was held at the Nippon Seinenkan on September 13, 2008, the date of the 25th anniversary of Fist of the North Star. Tetsuo Hara, Buronson, and other staff who worked on the series attended the ceremony planned by an actual wedding planner, 3,000 fans were applying for the 777 invitations that were available to fans via various outlets. Makoto Yukimura said he was impressed by the handling of Kenshiro's character; while Kenshiro kills several enemies in the manga, he is never proud about his accomplishments. In truth, he is a character who would rather never resort to violence, But, as the story takes place in a post-apocalyptic world, he is forced to fight with his fists to protect the innocent. As a result of that, Yukimura believes that Kenshiro is an appealing hero.

Internet memes
In the 2010s, Kenshiro's catchphrase "Omae Wa Mou Shindeiru" ("You Are Already Dead") became a popular Internet meme. In September 2017, music producer deadman 死人 (Noah Ryan Murphy) released the song "Omae Wa Mou" which references the meme and samples the Japanese song "Tiny Little Adiantum" (2013) from the Touhou Project video game music album Toho Bossa Nova 2. Rapper Lil Boom produced his own version of the song called "Already Dead" three months later. In 2019, "Omae Wa Mou" went viral on TikTok and topped Spotify's Viral 50 chart, before being taken off the chart after being struck with a copyright claim. In 2022, game publisher Wizards of the Coast featured a playing card titled "You Are Already Dead" in its new Japanese-themed Magic: The Gathering set, Kamigawa: Neon Dynasty.

title: Kenshiro


text:
Talk:Pointe-Claire

Pointe Claire
Found Pointe claire, moved it to Pointe Claire, then found this article. Brought all the content over here. --N5UWY/9 - plaws 23:26, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Acres
You can't measure width or depth in acres: acres are a unit of area, not of length. Is acre here a mistranslation of arpent? Arpents can be either length or area. Indefatigable 19:16, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * No matter: someone killed it. I wonder if it's an archaic usage of the word? --plaws (talk) 21:31, 17 August 2010 (UTC)

Fire of May 22, 1900
I would like to include the fire of May 22, 1900. Out of (about) the 60 existing buildings in the town, 24 burned down in this fire. This is a significant event I believe.--Mark v1.0 (talk) 20:24, 1 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Done. --Cornellier (talk) 00:11, 2 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Great!

Government : Federal
The first elections of the Federal Government of Canada is needed in the article. The riding of JACQUES CARTIER, Quebec (1867 - 1952) "British North America Act, 1867 C.S. for Lower Canada, 1860, c.75

The County of Jacques Cartier shall comprise the Parishes of Lachine, Pointe Claire, Sainte Anne, Sainte Geneviève and Saint Laurent, and all the Islands lying nearest to and wholly or in part opposite the same, including Isle Bizard; Ibid, sub-sect. 61, and 18 V. c. 76, ss. 9 and 15." --Mark v1.0 (talk) 20:46, 1 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Done. Anything else :-) --Cornellier (talk) 00:35, 2 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks --Mark v1.0 (talk) 01:07, 10 December 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pointe-Claire


text:
User:Banana!

Sung-ki Yoon is a student currently enrolled in the Earl Warren College of the University of California, San Diego. He was born in Fullerton, California but grew up in Irvine. His name originates from this animated short.

Contributions

 * Edit Count and Other Statistics
 * A full list of my contributions

Created Pages

 * Colt Delta Elite

Notable Edits

 * M1 Garand

Awards
None yet.

title: User:Banana!


text:
User talk:Mlnsports

Please don't use wiki to promote your website. What_Wikipedia_is_not ccwaters 23:27, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Providing links to relevent content is not spam. If that's the case, then chuck your links to Sports Illustrated articles and the Hockey News. People who find the AHL on your system want to perhaps know what goes on there. Unless Wiki's getting into our business, then you might want to give them access to feature stories written by real reporters on the league.

Appropriate placement
Other substantial national publications are noted here, including Baseball America and Sports Illustrated. Is the greatest technology encyclopedia going to go all print snobbish and say that you have to be in print to be listed? If so, please de-list your references to yourself, and make sure that Britannica gets its props.

There are people who have added links to our publications (NOT US) in the Bricktown Ballpark and other areas. It seems fitting that they should link TO SOMETHING, so we have included a bio of our company's publications that is equivalent in nature to those for SI or Baseball America.

Further, our editors have contributed substantial content to this publication, and our articles are links to stuff (especially on the ballparks) where you're asking for more information to be contributed! We won't give you our copyrighted material, but we provide links for the courtesy of your readers who can't find the content here.

If you de-list us again, I will ask that you de-list SI and BA on the same grounds.

BMR

 * The difference is that the other publications you alude to are being included by third parties. Your publication however is only being included BY YOU a stakeholderin its advancement. None of your contributions as added any content, they're all just to advertize your business. Seriously, I wish you luck, just stop trying to take a free ride here. Didn't we have this discussion before?? ccwaters 23:13, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

Seriously, the whole purpose of Wikipedia was the addition of public content, and easy access to it. Does it really matter if I, or one of my readers, bothers to include it when we're here? It's still valid content, regardless of who made the contribution. You telling me that if we provide depth where you cannot, that is not a service to the Wikipedia reader?

You get some tiny warlord in here like you who has appropriated the spirit of the open flow of information into some sort of facist proprietary thing and you corrupt the very spirit of the Wiki movement. The fact is that we have valid original content of interest to the reader on the subject, so why not include it? Only because it offends your sensibilities? Then it's not an information resource on sports, it's ccwaters personal sports fiefdom. Get a life, get a blog, and get out of here, if you are going to restrain the flow of valid information to readers.

 * See: WP:EL, WP:SPAM, WP:NOT, and in general: WP:POLICY. ccwaters 16:45, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

So if I give Wikipedia my copyrighted content, that's not a spam violation, but if I link to valid content, it is. I checked those. Your interpretation of same misses the principal litmus test.

Is the content valid? Yes. Will it last? Yes. It is of VALUE TO READERS. Yes. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Mlnsports (talk • contribs).

 * I don't see any requests for "copyrighted" content. If there is content violating your copyrights you should make note of it here: Copyright problems. ccwaters 17:37, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

mediation case
Hello Mlnsports and Ccwaters --

First of all, please read the "tips" section at the end of my signature.

Mlnsports made a request for the mediation cabal; I am here as part of that. Ccwaters, if you don't wish to participate, please let me know.

I have looked over the dispute. It seems pretty clear-cut: Mlnsports has been adding external links to his own publication, MLN. Ccwaters has been removing them. In addition, Mlnsports has made personal attacks ("get a life, get a blog, and get out of here"), in violation of WP:NPA.

My suggested solution is very simple. Mlnsports should refrain from adding links to his own publication, something that is informally discouraged on wikipedia. On the other hand, Ccwaters should exercise restraint in removing links to MLN added by occasionally by users other than Mlnsports. If the links to MLN are truly valuable, others will add them gradually in the usual process of wikipedia.

If the two of you agree to this, please reply briefly to this message here. If not, we will have to discuss further. My main interest is in the quick resolution of this conflict, and I believe my solution is fair-minded. Thanks, Sdedeo (tips) 23:33, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Sure, I don't think I've done anything different than what is proposed. Let me know otherwise. ccwaters 18:16, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

 * We have content that you don't. We're not giving it to Wikipedia, but, as you say, in the interest of improving access to INFORMATION, we've been offering them links. You want readers to put in links to it? Dandy. We'll let the readers do it. Otherwise, you have to rely on the very limited resources of volunteers like ccwaters here, who has neither the reach of access nor the depth of information to provide Wikipedia readers with the same level of information. Pity. You're on your own.

title: User talk:Mlnsports


text:
Shek O Beach

Shek O Beach is a gazetted beach located facing Island Bay in Shek O, Southern District, Hong Kong. The beach has barbecue pits and is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong Government. The beach is about 230 metres long and is rated as Grade 1 by the Environmental Protection Department for its water quality.

History
On 25 October 2014, a 60-year-old man was found lying on the shore after being drowned while swimming near the beach. The police and the ambulance had arrived at the scene and confirmed that the man had died.

On 18 November 2018, a 12-year-old girl drowned while swimming near the beach. She was rescued by a swimmer and was accompanied by her male relative and her friend to Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital for treatment.

On 19 May 2019, a 69-year-old woman drowned while swimming near the beach. She was unconscious when she was rescued by lifeguards and was taken an ambulance to the hospital, where she was certified dead.

On 25 November 2020, Li, a 14-year-old Form Two boy of Shau Kei Wan East Government Secondary School, died after being drowned while playing in the water with seven other classmates on the beach.

Usage
The rocky cliffs on the beach provide an excellent place for sports climbing, and the beach offers views of Ng Fan Chau in Island Bay.

Features
The beach has the following features:
 * BBQ pits (39 nos.)
 * Changing rooms
 * Showers
 * Toilets
 * Car park
 * Light refreshment restaurant
 * Water sports centre
 * Playground
 * Obstacle golf course

title: Shek O Beach


text:
Repulse Bay Beach

Repulse Bay Beach is a gazetted beach located in Repulse Bay, Southern District, Hong Kong. The beach has barbecue pits and is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong Government. Rated Grade 1 by the Environmental Protection Department for its water quality, the beach is about 292 metres long with views of Middle Island. There is an adjacent shrine (Kwun Yam Shrine) and shopping centre (The Pulse).

History
On 1 July 1999, Sau-kwan, a 14-year-old schoolboy, drowned while swimming near the beach. He was rescued by lifeguards and was taken by an ambulance to Tang Shiu Kin Hospital where he was pronounced dead.

On 22 June 2004, a 27-year-old man drowned while swimming with friends near the beach. He was rescued by lifeguards and taken to Ruttonjee Hospital, where he was pronounced dead.

Usage
The beach is one of the longest beaches in Hong Kong with a length of 292 m. It is consistently among the most popular beaches in Hong Kong, attracting large tour groups throughout the year.

Features
The beach has the following features:
 * BBQ pits (24 nos.)
 * Changing rooms
 * Showers
 * Toilets
 * Fast food kiosk
 * Restaurant
 * Water sports centre
 * Playground
 * Beach volleyball court

title: Repulse Bay Beach


text:
Talk:Octavio Zambrano

Untitled
is my coach

Doesn't Zambrano the coach the FC Tatabánya. He say : good bye Tatabánya with the second coach László Dajka.Dajka famoous football player he play Budapest Honvéd, Las Palmas. He very bad coach. Adios Zambrano! Bye! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.0.112.19 (talk) 17:49, 12 July 2009 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 01:41, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Octavio Zambrano


text:
Talk:Green Acres

I think Sam Drucker is a crossover
I moved Sam Drucker from a cast member to a crossover character. I suppose an argument coule be made for either case. But in fact, he was on Petticoat Junction before he was on Green Acres and he appeared just as regularly on both shows. Joe 23:30, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * He started out as a crossover "from Petticoat Junction" as the credits read and then became listed as a regular cast member.
 * 75.33.81.219 09:51, 21 December 2006 (UTC)

Based on a Radio Show
I just heard an old radio show called Granby's Green Acres starring Gale Gordon. He had a farmhand named Eb and there was a man named Kimball (or Gimball - not highest quality recording) who was confused all the time. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.181.38.239 (talk) 02:13, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Also..not sure if this belongs here or w/in its own heading but...sort of a inside background joke is Ed Albert's character in the movie Teahouse of the August Moon, where he arrives to check out Glenn Ford's leadership skills, only to get caught up and 'fulfilling his dream' of establishing an organic farm!!! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.218.248.127 (talk) 01:41, 22 January 2013 (UTC)

Why was it necessary ...
... for the origin of Douglas' character name to be excised. I always thought that it was both humorous and exemplary of the "surreal" nature of the show. Rlquall 13:32, 10 May 2006 (UTC)
 * It was put in the link to his name. That seems a reasonable place for it?
 * Alpha Ralpha Boulevard (talk) 01:53, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Reunion Special
In the 1990 reunion special, the girl who raised Arnold was not the Ziffels' daughter, she was their niece. And I think it was established in the special that this Arnold the pig was not the "original" character from the series. At one point Arnold is missing, and Daisy goes to file a police report. The police officer (thinking that she's reporting a missing person) asks how old Arnold is. She replies "11" or something like that. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.251.84.28 (talk) 18:25, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

In the 1990 reunion special, the girl who raised Arnold was not the Ziffels' daughter, she was their niece. And I think it was established in the special that this Arnold the pig was not the "original" character from the series. At one point Arnold is missing, and Daisy goes to file a police report. The police officer (thinking that she's reporting a missing person) asks how old Arnold is. She replies "11" or something like that. We are left to assume that either the Ziffels "adopted" more than one pig named Arnold, or that Daisy decided to get a pig of her own and named him after the original. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.38.11.146 (talk) 18:33, 27 June 2006 (UTC)
 * On the other hand, time could have moved slower than in real life. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.33.81.219 (talk) 09:51, 21 December 2006 (UTC)

Green Acres a CBS Paramount series?
I think Sony Pictures Television should hand the rights to Green Acres to CBS Paramount Television. Here are the reasons:
 * 1. It was a spinoff of Petticoat Junction.
 * 2. Sony Pictures Television is a bad distribution company.

Green Acres shouldn't be a victim of SPT anymore! Jim856796 22:48, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

Satire
The article mentions that Green Acres was satirical but it never explains any of the satrical elements or even mentions satire again. It seems that it would be appropiate to remedy this by including some examples. MafiaCapo 03:00, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

There was one episode when Arnold (the pig) was drafted to fight in Vietnam. And IIRC where Dept of Agriculture officials were portrayed as being particularly inept (trying to collect a tax which had been abolished years ago etc) 80.229.222.48 15:08, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

Last aired?
TV.com lists September 1, 1971 as the last air date, but gives April 27, 1971 as the air date of the last episode. We had April 27 as the last air date, but an anonymous editor has changed that to September 7. Anyone have a definitive source? --Rizzleboffin 23:21, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm thinking these are the dates of the last new episode aired and the last rerun on CBS which would be the last air date as part of the first run not in syndication.
 * 75.33.81.219 09:51, 21 December 2006 (UTC)

Pulp Fiction reference?
I'm not quite sure about this, but isn't there a reference to Green Acres in Pulp Fiction, when the vegetarian hitman played by Sam Jackson explains that he would eat pigs if only they had better personality? I think they refer to Arnold later on... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.135.12.110 (talk) 22:53, 31 March 2007 (UTC)
 * That's right, he says: "Well we'd have to be talkin' about one charmin' motherfuckin' pig. I mean he'd have to be ten times more charmin' than that Arnold on Green Acres, you know what I'm sayin'?" in a conversation about "filthy animals". 80.171.72.196 (talk) 15:04, 20 February 2008 (UTC)
 * How is Jackson's character a vegetarian? He may not eat pork but he ate some of his victim's burger. 50.230.251.244 (talk) 08:29, 19 July 2023 (UTC)

That Telephone Pole
But there were times when it appeared that Oliver wasn't entirely sane either, such as renting a rooster and climbing up and down a telephone pole to make or receive phone calls.

The reason for this was because the engineers who installed his telephone ran out of cable and were unable to bring it all the way into the house however subsequent reruns of the series on many TV stations were often out of sequence (often with episodes missing) so the reason for this and other bizzare behaviour was never made clear to many viewers. 80.229.222.48 15:12, 12 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed, the absurdity is no one lengthening the phone line by a few feet. It's not evidence of insanity, once it's given that the line can't be extended.
 * There are other good examples, like the episode where Oliver has conversations with a man who's many years dead, and who only he can see?
 * Alpha Ralpha Boulevard (talk) 01:27, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Agreed. I moved it from Oliver's quirks to the running gags section. NebraskaDontAsk (talk) 15:16, 26 March 2011 (UTC)

Fourth wall...
...it was one of the first American TV series which transgressed the traditional diegetic or fourth wall 'borders' of TV presentation for deliberately humorous effect.

That'll certainly come as news to George Burns. He was breaking the fourth wall on American TV more than a full decade before Green Acres hit the airwaves. 172.164.40.5 (talk) 03:35, 17 December 2007 (UTC)
 * What was startling (and is still startling) is the surreal method used to break the fourth wall. In theater, often this simply means an actor breaking out of character and speaking directly to the audience. What Green Acres did was surreal: Having a credit inexplicably appear on Haney's pulldown sign, or on a TV set that a character was watching, so that only that one person was aware of it (while the others have no idea it's been there). It's not just playing with the credits was peculiar (this was common enough in movies and cartoons), it was the credits' unreal non-objective nature.
 * Alpha Ralpha Boulevard (talk) 01:49, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Cancellation reason
My recollection is that advertisers' shift toward a youth-oriented market was largely based on a study that was later found to have used invalid assumptions. I believe a book was written about this, but I'm sure it's mentioned in academic papers. The bad assumption -- I'm barely remembering this -- was something like "Teens have big allowances, but no financial commitments, therefore their disposable income is greater than that of adults." Apparently, as I remember, if the study had actually checked a cross-section of the population, it's senior citizens who have the largest disposable income. I hope somebody in advertising can fill this story out.

At any rate, it suggests the Green Acres cancellation was a financial (at least) misstep, due to advertisers' misperceptions. Alpha Ralpha Boulevard (talk) 01:38, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
 * The claim is made that 'Green Acres' was still popular when it was cancelled in 1971. Since no ratings information is cited, this claim is unsupported. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.131.142.97 (talk) 19:59, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I've read that it was still successful various places. Many successful shows are canceled -- simply with the expectation that some other show will make more. It's one of the sad things about our culture, that artistic ventures that are popular, that make money, can be stopped by a few people with little connection to the artistic work. (Or indeed can be stopped by a single individual who doesn't "like" it.)
 * To be honest, I don't keep references for song, TV or book ratings. My opinion is that they are promotional bullsnot, being inserted into Wikipedia by marketing departments in a (mostly successful) attempt to convince people that if something earns more money than another thing, it has more artistic worth. Thank goodness Beethoven, Dickens and Monet weren't contracted to CBS.Alpha Ralpha Boulevard (talk) 15:28, 21 December 2009 (UTC)
 * "I've read that it was still successful various places." So have I. But in those "various places," no proof is cited. We know, based on A.C. Nielsen ratings information, it was not in the top 30 during the 1969-70 or 1970-71 seasons. It may have been number 31 when it was cancelled. Or it could have been number 71. Until someone somewhere finds some ratings information -- maybe in an old copy of 'Variety' -- this "still successful" idea should be dropped, here and elsewhere. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.143.202.206 (talk) 03:51, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

Running gags/Plot hole
Was there not at least one episode in which Haney claims that Douglas's house is the birthplace of Robert E Lee, but that he, Haney, tries to conceal that "fact" to prevent tourists from visiting it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.212.80.149 (talk) 18:52, 2 August 2018 (UTC)
 * A running gag is that Hooterville is so remote that not only can it only be seen on a map if a fly is not standing on itbut also one time a Air Force Officer has to parachute into Hooterville. This is a plot hole-there is a railroad at Sam Drucker's store and there is also a airport/airplane service-who have never heard of the FAA!-and who while advertise a air route to Washington DC-but end up in PAris! Another plot hole was when Hank Kimball marries "Ralph" Monroe {a woman with a man's name}; although its implied that the marraige will be preformed again-when Sam Drucker gets his licenese renewed-the writers apprently choose not to focus on the crazy Kimball household-Hank is too scatterbrained and "Ralph" never gets anything done right. The only Hootervilles domestic scene-besides the Douglas-are the Zippels. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.53.145.130 (talk) 13:00, 19 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Another gag is how out of touch Hooterville is-one epsiode has a election sign that says "Vote for Coolidge"! In another episode there is the remark Herbert Hoover is still President! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.53.145.136 (talk) 17:28, 18 January 2009 (UTC)

Plot holes are only plot holes if the scripts are supposed to be logical. This is not Citizen Kane. It's a cornball comedy. It's supposed to get laughs, not to necessarily make sense. Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots 16:16, 28 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Right, and I'd go further. Consider the audience and presentation. When Green Acres started airing, very, very few people had VCRs, and there was no expectation that the shows would be viewed more than occasionally, perhaps years afterward. I.e., the show wasn't designed for stop-action scrutiny and online fan critique. One might ask whether Green Acres would have been as good as it was, if the actors, writers and director were self-consciously explaining for DVD all their actions. As in the rule of science — any observation of a thing changes its behavior. Regards, Alpha Ralpha Boulevard (talk) 15:45, 21 December 2009 (UTC)

time to clean up or delete
This article has two lists which are not encyclopedic. If someone thinks any of the information is really relevant, put it in the article. The lists themselves should go. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.127.106.2 (talk) 16:26, 28 June 2009 (UTC)

Jay Sommers as Writer-Producer
The article says Jay Sommers wrote and produced a third of the shows. Wrong. Watch the credits. He's the producer of the series all six years it was on the air. He produced every episode. And he, with Dick Chevillat, wrote just about every episode. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.29.176.57 (talk) 19:20, 15 July 2011 (UTC)

Move?

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

No consensus to move. Vegaswikian (talk) 05:15, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

Green Acres → Green Acres (television series) –
 * And Green Acres (disambiguation) to Green Acres. Is this television series, which according to its lede finished over 40 years ago, still a dominant meaning of "Green Acres"? Anthony Appleyard (talk) 05:58, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment: Are you actually advocating a page move? Or are you merely asking some sort of rhetorical question to get a discussion going? If it is the former, please explain your reasons why the TV series should no longer by the primary topic. Just because this series ended 40 years ago, we cannot automatically assume without some evidence that, per WP:PRIMARYTOPIC, it no longer is "highly likely—much more likely than any other, and more likely than all the others combined—to be the subject being sought when a reader enters that term in the Search box". In other words, it should not be based on an arbitrary expiration date. Thanks. Zzyzx11 (talk) 06:35, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose. If you Google or bing it, the original TV series is pretty obviously primary topic. Kauffner (talk) 17:37, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Unless somebody can prove that "Green Acres" on it's own has a more common meaning than a reference to the TV show. Andyross (talk) 17:51, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose almost everything on the dab page is in the US, the TV show is from the US, in the US it is the TV show that is dominant. 70.49.125.226 (talk) 05:05, 17 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose I would add that the TV show was shown in Britain and may still be remembered by a few people, whereas the other meanings will be virtually unknown there. PatGallacher (talk) 18:41, 22 September 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Couple of changes
This is a really good article, but I was able to add a little bit of information.

1. The article said Lisa's pancake recipe was used to repair the head gasket on Oliver's tractor. I changed it to state the pancake batter was used to make head gaskets to repair a truck and the tractor. I'm really not sure about the tractor but pancake batter was used to make a head gasket for a rented truck (a Ford AA?) in the episode "The Price of Apples".

2. I added the Hulu link. JeffDeWitt (talk) 00:44, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

The First Truly Married Couple?
Green Acres may have the distinction of being the first program to show a married couple sharing the same bed on a regular basis. In a couple of episodes of I Love Lucy, Lucy and Ricky, who were handcuffed to each other, had to sleep with their clothes on while in another, they (as well as Fred and Ethel) shared a roll-away bed in a broken down motel. But Oliver and Lisa Douglas routinely shared a large double bed as early as 1965, well before Mike and Carol Brady four years later; indeed, in another episode, it was implied that The Douglases were about to sleep together on the same couch, the camera turned away just as Oliver took Lisa's hand to help her join him. In this way, the somewhat surrealistic Green Acres was more "realistic" than the Dick Van Dyke Show, where Rob and Laura still slept in twin beds!MARK VENTURE (talk) 12:41, 23 March 2013 (UTC)
 * I had thought The Munsters, but there were some even earlier shows. Snopes: Who Was the First TV Couple to Sleep in the Same Bed? —Preceding unsigned comment added by StrayBolt (talk • contribs) 04:44, 28 July 2017 (UTC)

Anal retentives and their stupid "citation required" This Green Acres page is a prime example of Wikipedia being infested with mentally ill people. There are countless "citation required" notations which are obviously left by some imbecile who never watched one episode, much less grew up watching it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.82.40.143 (talk) 08:56, 5 June 2013 (UTC)

Hoyt-Clagwell
this is the fictitious name of oliver's tractor. there is a redirect for hoyt-clagwell which sends the user to this page, and yet there is no mention of hoyt-clagwell on this page.

unless people feel the redirect should be eliminated, i'd like to add a section to the page about the tractors used in the show. Ed WoodWiki (talk) 16:25, 28 March 2016 (UTC)

Sarah and other characters
I (somewhat incorrectly) undid the edit by User:The stuart about "Sarah, the never seen telephone operator, is (Hank's) mother." But that is correct from "Don't Call Us, We'll Call You" (S1E10). However, "Oliver vs. the Phone Company" (S3E4) has the phone company owned by Roy Trendell (but notice Hank as operator in photo) and in other episodes, Merie Earle played Sarah Hotchkiss Trendell (Hooterville Operator). Not to be confused with another Sarah ;-) This opinion piece racks it up as a running gag. Should we have a catchall for "Other characters" or should this exist part of the "Hank" section? StrayBolt (talk) 07:02, 30 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Actually, Sarah being Hank's mother is mentioned a few times in the first season. --The_stuart (talk) 00:26, 1 September 2017 (UTC)

to be fixed
The problem with leaving pop-culture articles to fanboys is that they are really not very good at follow-through, or even at reading directions. So, I see a few significant holes here, and suspect there are subtler problems.

First, is there some reason the section on the radio precursor isn't placed right at the beginning? resolved

And why is the made-for-TV movie detailed in Reunion film and then again a bit further down in Revivals? (Maybe someone could also explain the difference between a "reunion" and a "revival.")

The pointless nattering needs to be reduced. For instance, there's extensive overshare about Sam Drucker that has NOTHING to say about the article topic, AND this is doubly silly seeing as anyone who gives a damn would be reading it at Sam Drucker. ''resolved (mostly) Weeb Dingle (talk) 18:08, 30 June 2019 (UTC)

 * I took an axe after the descriptions of the Douglases, not least because they each have their own (fancruft-stuffed) articles. Weeb Dingle (talk) 04:10, 8 July 2019 (UTC)

Suicide door ?
Please explain this phrase. 2001:44B8:3102:BB00:B136:FEF8:B9C4:7BBD (talk) 09:54, 30 September 2020 (UTC)

Acres and Pains
May I respectfully draw the attention of readers to S.J. Perelman’s ‘’Acres and Pains’’ (1947), as a worthy predecessor and perhaps an inspiration for this show ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:44B8:3102:BB00:B136:FEF8:B9C4:7BBD (talk) 10:04, 30 September 2020 (UTC)

Is the state ever mentioned?
If they did say California that would not be too surprising just as Beverly Hillbillies is supposed to be in CA and in fact in Beverly Hills. Pixley is a real CA town in a rural part of central California. 50.230.251.244 (talk) 08:31, 19 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Green Acres