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Apollo Hospitals

Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Limited is an Indian multinational healthcare group headquartered in Chennai. It is the largest for-profit private hospital network in India, with a network of 71 owned and managed hospitals. Along with the eponymous hospital chain, the company also operates pharmacies, primary care and diagnostic centres, telehealth clinics, and digital healthcare services among others through its subsidiaries.

The company was founded by Prathap C. Reddy in 1983 as the first corporate healthcare provider in India. Several of Apollo's hospitals have been among the first in India to receive international healthcare accreditation by the America-based Joint Commission International (JCI) as well as NABH accreditation.

History
Apollo Hospitals was founded by Prathap C. Reddy in 1983 as the first corporate health care in India. The first branch at Chennai was inaugurated by the then President of India Zail Singh.

Apollo developed telemedicine services, after starting a pilot project in 2000 at Aragonda, Prathap Reddy's home village.

In 2006, Apollo exited its hospital in Colombo called Apollo Hospital Sri Lanka by selling its stake to Sri Lanka Insurance.

In 2007, Apollo Hospitals and DKV AG established a 74:26 joint venture health insurance company called Apollo DKV Insurance Co. The company was rebranded as Apollo Munich Health Insurance in 2009.

In 2008, Apollo Hospitals started Apollo Reach, a chain of hospitals for Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities as well as semi-urban and rural areas, with the opening of the first Apollo Reach hospital in Karimnagar.

In December 2012, Apollo Hospitals sold its 38% stake in Apollo Health Street, the group's healthcare business process outsourcing division, to Sutherland Global Services for inr 2250000000.

In 2014, Apollo Hospitals acquired Hetero Med Solutions, a South Indian pharmacy chain with 320 stores, from Hetero Group for inr 1460000000 in a slump sale. The stores were rebranded as Apollo Pharmacy.

In October 2015, Apollo launched home care services under Apollo HomeCare and its digital healthcare platform called Ask Apollo.

Apollo signed an MoU with Health Education England in April 2017 to provide a large number of doctors to fill vacancies in the English National Health Service.

In September 2017, Apollo announced an academic collaboration with Australia’s Macquarie University, where students enrolled in Macquarie's four-year graduate entry Doctor of Medicine program would complete 5 months of clinical rotations at Apollo hospitals in Hyderabad as part of their degree.

In January 2019, Apollo opened Apollo Proton Cancer Centre in Chennai, which is reportedly the first proton therapy facility across South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Middle East.

In 2020, Apollo Hospitals sold its 50.80% percent majority stake in Apollo Munich Health Insurance to HDFC for inr 14950000000. Later that year, it acquired IHH Healthcare's 50% joint venture stake in Apollo Gleneagles Hospital in Kolkata for inr 4100000000.

In March 2022, Apollo Hospitals got included in Nifty 50 benchmark index, replacing Indian Oil, to become the first hospital company to be included on the index.

Apollo HealthCo
Apollo HealthCo was formed in 2021 with the merger of the group's non-hospital pharmacy chain Apollo Pharmacy and its digital healthcare business known as Apollo 24/7.
 * Apollo Pharmacy – Apollo Pharmacy is the largest retail pharmacy chain in India with more than 5,000 stores in over 21 states. It was started in 1987.
 * Apollo 24/7 – Apollo 24/7 is the digital healthcare platform of the group which was launched in 2020. It offers telehealth consultation, online medicine ordering and delivery, and in-home diagnostics among other services.

Apollo Health and Lifestyle
Apollo Health and Lifestyle is the primary and secondary care arm of the group which operates multi-specialty clinics under Apollo Clinics, diagnostics and pathology labs under Apollo Diagnostics, diabetes clinics under Apollo Sugar, dental hospitals under Apollo White, dialysis centres under Apollo Dialysis, minimally invasive surgical hospitals under Apollo Spectra, women/children hospitals under Apollo Cradle, and fertility clinics under Apollo Fertility.

Apollo TeleHealth Services
Apollo TeleHealth Services owns the telehealth network of the group, operating via a business-to-consumer model under which it offers direct services like online consultations, appointment booking, medicine delivery, among others; a business-to-business offering to corporates for their employees; and a business-to-government agreement providing telehealth services in partnership with public health systems. Established in 1999, it is headquartered in Hyderabad and has more than 100 franchised teleclinics.

Research and education divisions

 * Apollo Research and Innovations is a research arm of the group which is involved in clinical trials of drugs, medical devices, healthcare software and consumer products. It was established in 2000 and has 17 centres at hospital locations.
 * Apollo Hospitals Education & Research Foundation is a non-profit which conducts research projects in liquid biopsy, molecular diagnostics, pharmacogenomics and exosome technologies at its wet lab run by the Cell and Molecular Biology Research Centre (CMBRC).
 * Apollo Medskills is a private-public partnership between Apollo Hospitals and National Skill Development Corporation started in 2012 for the development of medical skills of healthcare workforce through 40+ training institutes across the country.

Allegations of illegal organ trade
British newspaper Telegraph in a December 2023 report alleged that the chain's Indraprastha Apollo Hospital was involved in facilitating a "cash-for-kidney" scam, luring impoverished Myanmar villagers to sell their kidneys to wealthy Burmese patients through forged documents and fabricated family ties. The Government of Delhi consequently initiated an investigation against the hospital.

Medical negligence

 * In March 2024, The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission fined Apollo Speciality Hospital in Chennai and two doctors ₹30 lakh for medical negligence. The case involved a patient who didn't "regain consciousness" after spinal surgery in April 2015 and remained in a vegetative state until his death in April 2017.
 * In a 2019 order, the Delhi State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (DSCDRC) found Indraprastha Apollo Hospital negligent in the treatment of a 24-year-old woman who died in 2007. As a result, the Commission directed the hospital to pay the woman's father a compensation of ₹10 lakh.
 * In 2016, a patient died at Apollo's Bilaspur Hospital during a treatment for stomach pain. While the hospital attributed his death to poisoning, the postmortem report remained inconclusive pending a chemical analysis. The forensic laboratory report, obtained in 2019, revealed no presence of poison, raising questions about the doctors' role in patient's death. Eventually, in 2023, four doctors were arrested but subsequently released on bail.

title: Apollo Hospitals


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Solar Electric Light Fund

The Solar Electric Light Fund (SELF) is a non-profit organization whose mission is to design, fund and implement solar energy solutions to benefit those in poor rural communities without access to an electrical grid. This allows students to study at night and brings computers and Internet into schools. It makes it possible to bring in water for irrigation without having to hand-carry it long distances, allowing women to spend their time on money-earning enterprises. Access to electricity and water improves health care. SELF has completed several projects in more than 20 countries including a solar powered drip irrigation in Benin, a health care centre in Haiti, telemedicine in the Amazon rainforest, online learning platform in South Africa, and a microenterprise development in Nigeria.

Methodology
SELF employs a Whole Village Development Model using a mix of solar energy solutions to improve the lives of the 1.5 billion people who don't have access to electricity around the world. It seeks to provide benefits in:
 * Education: powering lights, computers and wireless internet services.
 * Health: powering facility lights, labs, diagnostic equipment and vaccine refrigerators.
 * Water & Agriculture: powering water wells and pumps for clean drinking water and year-round crop irrigation.
 * Enterprise: powering centers for small businesses and providing electricity for machinery and equipment.
 * Community: electrifying homes, community centers and street lighting.

Founding
SELF was founded in 1990 by Neville Williams, a journalist and author, who had experience actively promoting solar power as a consultant to the United States Department of Energy during the Carter administration. For much of the 1990s, SELF's primary mission was to deliver solar home systems – 50-watt units installed at the household level that could generate enough power to run a few compact fluorescent lights, a radio, and a small black and white television for four or five hours each evening. The electricity generated by the solar panel is stored in a battery, which then provides power at night and during rainy weather.

In its early projects, SELF used funds donated by private philanthropies to buy home-size photovoltaic systems in bulk on the open market, usually enough for one small village at a time. SELF then sold the systems to villagers in developing areas, in partnership, where possible, with in-country nonprofit agencies. Each participating household made a 20 percent down payment on a solar energy system and paid off the balance – usually between $300 and $400 – over several years. The buyers' payments were pooled in a local revolving loan fund from which their neighbors could borrow to buy their own solar power gear. SELF used a portion of the proceeds on the equipment to establish a local dealership and train residents as solar installers and technicians. The revolving loan funds made it possible for villagers to finance the continued dissemination of solar systems in their areas.

Focusing on the Home & Creating SELCO
Over time, SELF began to evolve more elaborate project structures. In a joint venture with local partners in India, SELF formed a for-profit subsidiary using India's Ministry of New and Renewable Energy to tap World Bank funds set aside specifically for photovoltaic installations. In part, the company used the money to finance rural co-ops' bulk purchase of solar-energy systems for their members, to install the systems, and to train local technicians. The company then repaid the World Bank's loan from funds collected from the co-ops.

In 1997, SELF decided to launch a for-profit affiliate, the Solar Electric Light Company, or SELCO, based in Bangalore, India, whose goal would be to sell solar home systems in the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Neville Williams stepped down from his role with SELF to run SELCO, and SELF's board of directors appointed Robert A. Freling as the new executive director. Since 1995, SELCO has sold, serviced, and financed over 115,000 solar systems.

Expanding Services
Beginning in 2000, SELF embarked on its next generation of projects that would seek to harness solar energy for things such as advancing water pumping and purification, purveying electrification to rural schools and health clinics, providing power to small businesses and micro-enterprises, and facilitating communication access.

The first opportunity to fulfill this expanded vision was found in South Africa, where SELF had been working on a project to install solar home systems in the Valley of a Thousand Hills, in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. SELF installed a 1.5-kilowatt solar array, which generated enough electricity to power approximately 20 PCs donated by Dell Computers and a small satellite dish that delivered Internet access to Myeka High School. This was the first solar-powered computer lab built in South Africa, and the pass rate at Myeka High School jumped from 30 percent to 70 percent within a year and a half of installation.

Whole Village Development Model
In 2003, SELF found the opportunity to implement a "Whole-Village" approach when the United States Department of Energy (DOE) invited SELF to carry out a solar electrification project in Nigeria. With support from the DOE, SELF equipped three villages in Jigawa State, in northern Nigeria, with solar power systems for a community water-pumping system, a health clinic, a primary school, street lighting, a portable irrigation pump, and a micro-enterprise center. Since then, SELF has continued to implement this model in other project countries.

Past Projects
SELF has worked in over 20 countries, using solar energy to power health clinics, schools, community centers, water pumps, mosques, drip irrigation, streetlights, and micro-enterprise centers. In addition to its current project sites, SELF has worked in Bhutan, Brazil, Burundi, China, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Lesotho, the Navajo Nation, Nepal, Nigeria, Rwanda, the Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Uganda, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe.

Benin
In partnership with the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and Association pour le Developpement Economique Social et Culturel de Kalalé (ADESCA), SELF has installed a total of eleven of its Solar Market Gardens™ (SMG), an innovative, unique solar-powered drip irrigation system, for women farming collectives in Dunkassa and Bessassi, two villages in the arid, northern part of the country.

A two-year study conducted by Stanford University's Program on Food Security and the Environment department appearing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that SELF's SMGs, "significantly augments both household income and nutritional intake, particularly during the dry season, and is cost effective compared to alternative technologies."

In addition to the SMGs, SELF has also installed three community water wells, streetlights, and solar systems to power two schools and a health center. In 2014, SELF finished the installation of a solar micro-grid that will power a micro-enterprise center in Bessassi, and construction of a second micro-enterprise center in Dunkassa is nearing completion. SELF's future plans include replicating the potable water pumping stations in two more villages, assessing the potential for vaccine refrigerators at solar-electrified clinics, preparing for a pilot internet café, and planning a solar home lantern program.

Haiti
After the 2010 earthquake, SELF and Partners In Health teamed to develop the Rebuilding Haiti Initiative to fully power eight health centers. SELF has also installed 100 solar powered streetlights in tent camps to increase safety, and in collaboration with NRG Energy and the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund, SELF has completed the Sun Lights the Way: Brightening Boucan-Carré project by installing solar systems to power a fish farm, 20 schools, a Solar Market Garden™, and a microenterprise center. The success of this project has increased the quality of education for students in remote areas and has contributed to ensuring year-round food security.

In 2013, SELF solarized an additional seven schools to serve nearly 2,000 students, and also installed 20 solar-powered streetlights around Boucan-Carré in dangerous areas. Currently, SELF is installing two solar micro-grids that will provide electricity to 15,000 people in Port-à-Piment, Côteaux, Roche-à-Bateaux, and Fe-Yo-Bien, to be completed in 2015.

Colombia
With support from Acción Social (a governmental agency in Colombia) and Microsoft, SELF conducted a week-long site assessment and determined that deploying solar electric systems for the indigenous Arhuaco, Kogi and Wiwa communities in the Sierra Nevada mountains of northern Colombia is feasible. The project, a part of the Cordon Ambiental y Tradicional de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta initiative led by Acción Social, is intended to power the health and educational facilities in the villages, along with community lighting systems at select locations.

SELF was selected as a Grand Challenges Explorations winner, an initiative funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, for groundbreaking research in solar powered direct-drive freezers to support global health and development. To support immunization efforts at two remote village health posts in the mountains of Colombia's Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, SELF successfully field-tested three solar powered direct-drive vaccine refrigerators and the first commercially available direct-drive, battery-free vaccine icepack freezer. Following the tests, the fridge and freezer were donated to the village of Sabana Crespo.

SELF is also working on plans to install a solar energy based microgrid in the village of Sabana Crespo to power coffee facilities, the village general store, a health care clinic which includes a new laboratory, and the village's school and cafeteria.

Partnerships
In alphabetical order

 * Alstom Foundation
 * Clinton Bush Haiti Fund
 * Dell Computers South Africa
 * ExxonMobil
 * Guadalcanal Rural Electrification Agency (GREA)
 * Habitat for Humanity International
 * Inter-American Development Bank
 * International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
 * Jane Goodall Institute
 * Jigawa State government

 * National Renewable Energy Laboratory
 * NRG Energy
 * Partners In Health
 * Royal Society for Protection of Nature, Bhutan
 * SolarWorld
 * Stanford University, Institute for Food Security and the Environment
 * SunPower Foundation
 * United Nations Environment Programme
 * United States Department of Energy
 * Vietnam Women's Union (VWU)
 * Village Health Works

Awards

 * 2011- Energy Institute Award for Best Community Initiative
 * 2008- King Hussein Leadership Prize, Presented to Robert Freling
 * 2008- Named a Tech Awards Laureate by the Tech Museum of Innovation
 * 2006- World Bank Development Marketplace Winner
 * 2005- Chevron Conservation Award
 * 2002- Tech Museum of Innovation Awards Finalist
 * 1999- Templeton Award, Presented to SELF Board Member, Freeman Dyson
 * 1998- Global Green Environmental Award

Articles

 * Wood, Elisa. "Doing Good by Doing Solar." Renewable Energy World Magazine, 12 July 2013. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2013/07/doing-good-by-doing-solar
 * Butler, Erin. "In India, SELCO Brings Solar Power to the People." The Christian Science Monitor, 15 Jan. 2013. http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Making-a-difference/Change-Agent/2013/0115/In-India-SELCO-brings-solar-power-to-the-people
 * Taylor, Darren. "Solar Energy Illuminates Darkest Parts of Africa." Voice of America, 24 Aug. 2012. http://www.voanews.com/content/solar-energy-illuminates-darkest-parts-of-africa/1495451.html
 * Fox, Zoe. "SELF Taps the Sun to Break the Cycle of Poverty." Mashable, 23 April 2012. http://mashable.com/2012/04/13/solar-electric-light-fund/
 * Eaton, Joe. "Solar Energy Brings Food, Water, and Light to West Africa." National Geographic, 13 March 2012.
 * Daniel, Trenton. "Haiti Bringing Electricity to Business-starved Projects." The Denver Post, 29 Feb. 2012. http://www.denverpost.com/nationworld/ci_20066574#ixzz1oSrH5NJp
 * Duda, Steve. "Solar Brings Better Medical Care in Haiti." Earth Techling, 11 Nov. 2011. http://www.earthtechling.com/2011/11/solar-powers-better-medical-care-in-haiti/

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Solar Electric Light Fund


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Minissha Lamba

Minissha Lamba (born 18 January 1985) is an Indian actress and poker player who appeared in Hindi films. She made her debut with Yahaan (2005). Her other notable films include Honeymoon Travels Pvt. Ltd. (2007), Bachna Ae Haseeno (2008), Well Done Abba (2010), and Bheja Fry 2 (2011).

In 2014 she participated in Colors TV's Bigg Boss 8.

Early life
Minisha Lamba was born into a Punjabi Sikh family, to Kawel Lamba and Manju Lamba in New Delhi in 1985.

She studied at Chettinad Vidyashram School, Chennai for a year and then shifted to Army Public School, Srinagar where she completed her schooling. She majored in English (Hons.) from Miranda House, University of Delhi.

Career
While studying at Delhi University, Lamba began to model for ad campaigns like LG, Sony, Cadbury, Hajmola, Airtel, Sunsilk etc. She was also a part of the Femina's Generation "W" ad. During an ad shoot for Cadbury she was approached by Bollywood director, Shoojit Sircar, who signed her to act in his film Yahaan (2005). She had begun filming for Yahaan while still in Miranda House college. She subsequently began to play supporting and then leading roles in films such as Corporate, Rocky: The Rebel, Anthony Kaun Hai, Honeymoon Travels Pvt. Ltd., Anamika, Shaurya and Dus Kahaniyaan.

In 2008, she acted in Bachna Ae Haseeno, her biggest success so far, which was produced by Yash Raj Films. Same year, she was noticed for her role in Sanjay Gadhvi's Kidnap. Her next major role was in the critically acclaimed director Shyam Benegal's film Well Done Abba (2010). "Well Done Abba" was awarded the National Film Award for Best Film on Social Issues for the year 2010 and Minissha's performance as Muskaan Ali was appreciated. In 2014, she participated in Colors TV's Bigg Boss 8. She got evicted after 6 weeks on 2 November 2014 (Day 42). One of her last appearances was a role in Double Di Trouble, alongside Dharmendra, Gippy Grewal, Gurpreet Ghuggi, Kulraj Randhawa, and Poonam Dhillon. She has also appeared in the music video for Himesh Reshammiya's song "Tera Surroor" from the album Aap Kaa Surroor, which became very popular.

Personal life
Lamba married Ryan Tham - a restaurateur, owner of Juhu nightclub "Trilogy", and cousin to actress Pooja Bedi, on 6 July 2015. They announced the finalisation of their divorce proceedings in August 2020. In July 2021, she made her relationship with businessman Akash Malik public.

title: Minissha Lamba


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Khlong San district

Khlong San (คลองสาน, ) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. On the west bank of Chao Phraya River, its neighboring districts across the river are (from north clockwise) Phra Nakhon, Samphanthawong, Bang Rak, Sathon, and Bang Kho Laem. On the west side of the river, the only land neighbor is Thon Buri district.

History
Khlong San is one of the oldest districts of Bangkok with a long history. Its name comes from the name of a khlong (คลอง; lit: canal) that runs through the area, "Khlong San" or "Khlong Prasan". Its starting from Chao Phraya River towards Khlong Somdet Chao Phraya Ong Noi at the front of Wat Phichai Yat connect with various canals were Khlong Wat Thong Thammachat, Khlong Wat Thong Nopphakhun, Khlong Lat Ya, all of which were canals that flow through the various orchards of the locals, the most famous fruit of Khlong San was longkong (a type of langsat). But about 70–80 years ago, there were excavations in various canals to build a road such as Lat Ya, Prajadhipok, Khlong San Roads or now's Somdet Chao Phraya Road.

Khlong San was called, in chronological order, Amphoe Bang Lamphu Lang (บางลำภูล่าง), Amphoe Buppharam (บุปผาราม), and Amphoe Khlong San (since 1916) when it was part of Thonburi Province. Its status was changed to king amphoe in 1938 and back to amphoe again in 1957 due to population changes. It became part of Bangkok after the merging of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon Provinces in 1971.

Khlong San was originally the terminus of the Maeklong Railway, but the line was cut back to Wongwian Yai in 1961 to ease traffic congestion.

Administration
The district is divided into four sub-districts (khwaeng).

Places

 * King Taksin Monument and Wongwian Yai (วงเวียนใหญ่)
 * Wat Anongkharam (วัดอนงคาราม)
 * Wat Sawettachat (วัดเศวตฉัตร)
 * Wat Phichai Yat (วัดพิชัยญาติ)
 * Wat Thong Thammachat (วัดทองธรรมชาติ)
 * Wat Thong Nopphakhun (วัดทองนพคุณ)
 * PLATF@RM (แพลตฟอร์ม)
 * Princess Mother Memorial Park (อุทยานสมเด็จพระศรีนครินทร์) and Thang Nguan Hah Vintage House (เก๋งจีนทั้งง่วนฮะ) with Guan Yu Shrine (ศาลเจ้ากวนอู)
 * Wang Li House (บ้านหวั่งหลี) and Lhong 1919 (ล้ง 1919) with Mazu Shrine (ศาลเจ้าแม่ทับทิมคลองสาน)
 * Tha Din Daeng (ท่าดินแดง)
 * Pong Patchamit Fort (ป้อมป้องปัจจามิตร)
 * ICONSIAM (ไอคอนสยาม)
 * Sinn Sathorn Tower (สินสาธรทาวเวอร์)

Transportation

 * Wongwian Yai is a major bus hub on the west side of the Chao Phraya River.
 * The district is served by Bangkok Skytrain stations: Krung Thonburi and Wongwian Yai.

Health

 * Taksin Hospital, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration
 * Somdet Chaopraya Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health

Notable people

 * Srinagarindra – mother of King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) and King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)

title: Khlong San district


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Talk:Romance of Thebes

[Untitled]
Since there's a Lydgate Romance of Thebes and this article is mostly about the better-known Roman de Thibes, shouldn't this be under its real title— even though we have the bad example of Song of Roland? --Wetman 17:08, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree: at least, the material on the French poem should be in an article under the French title. A general article like this one is still needed, though, as a road map of the various medieval adaptations. Andrew Dalby 12:05, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Romance of Thebes


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Locus (genetics)

In genetics, a locus (: loci) is a specific, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located. Each chromosome carries many genes, with each gene occupying a different position or locus; in humans, the total number of protein-coding genes in a complete haploid set of 23 chromosomes is estimated at 19,000–20,000.

Genes may possess multiple variants known as alleles, and an allele may also be said to reside at a particular locus. Diploid and polyploid cells whose chromosomes have the same allele at a given locus are called homozygous with respect to that locus, while those that have different alleles at a given locus are called heterozygous. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a gene map. Gene mapping is the process of determining the specific locus or loci responsible for producing a particular phenotype or biological trait. Association mapping, also known as "linkage disequilibrium mapping", is a method of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that takes advantage of historic linkage disequilibrium to link phenotypes (observable characteristics) to genotypes (the genetic constitution of organisms), uncovering genetic associations.

Nomenclature
The shorter arm of a chromosome is termed the p arm or p-arm, while the longer arm is the q arm or q-arm. The chromosomal locus of a typical gene, for example, might be written 3p22.1, where:
 * 3 = chromosome 3
 * p = p-arm
 * 22 = region 2, band 2 (read as "two, two", not "twenty-two")
 * 1 = sub-band 1

Thus the entire locus of the example above would be read as "three P two two point one". The cytogenetic bands are areas of the chromosome either rich in actively-transcribed DNA (euchromatin) or packaged DNA (heterochromatin). They appear differently upon staining (for example, euchromatin appears white and heterochromatin appears black on Giemsa staining). They are counted from the centromere out toward the telomeres.

A range of loci is specified in a similar way. For example, the locus of gene OCA1 may be written "11q1.4-q2.1", meaning it is on the long arm of chromosome 11, somewhere in the range from sub-band 4 of region 1 to sub-band 1 of region 2.

The ends of a chromosome are labeled "pter" and "qter", and so "2qter" refers to the terminus of the long arm of chromosome 2.

title: Locus (genetics)


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Ok Tedi Mine

The Ok Tedi Mine is an open-pit copper and gold mine in Papua New Guinea located near the headwaters of the Ok Tedi River, in the Star Mountains Rural LLG of the North Fly District of the Western Province of Papua New Guinea.

The mine is operated by Ok Tedi Mining (OTM), which is majority-owned by the PNG Sustainable Development Program Limited (PNGSDPL). In 2013 it was nationalised by the Government of Papua New Guinea in controversial action. Prior to 2002, it was majority owned by BHP Billiton, the largest mining company in the world since a merger in 2001.

Located in a remote area of PNG, above 2000 m on Mount Fubilan, in a region of high rainfall and frequent earthquakes, mine development posed serious challenges. The town of Tabubil was built to serve the mining operation.

History
Before mining operations, Mount Fubilan was described as a copper mountain with a gold cap. Exploratory drilling in the area began in the 1970s, and was run by the Kennecott Copper Corporation.

In the early 1980s, BHP secured a mining lease. The first gold was mined at Ok Tedi in 1981. Bechtel, in a joint venture agreement, provided engineering, procurement, and construction services. In 1984, BHP began exploiting the gold cap by using cyanide extraction procedures. After the gold deposit was depleted, the company surveyed for mining the much larger copper deposit underneath. At that time, this deposit was believed to be the largest copper deposit in the world. BHP entered into a partnership with the Government of Papua New Guinea, Amoco and Inmet Mining, to mine the copper deposit. BHP maintained a majority share in the mine.

In 2002, BHP Billiton completed its withdrawal from the project by transferring its majority shareholding to the PNG Sustainable Development Program in response to the ongoing Ok Tedi environmental disaster. After the transfer, project shareholding was as follows: PNG Sustainable Development Program Limited (52%), the State of Papua New Guinea (30%) and Inmet Mining Corporation (18%).

All mining operations at Fubilan have had their headquarters at Tabubil.

Infrastructure
As a substantial economic entity in Papua New Guinea and the Western Province, accounting for over half of the entire province's economy and 25.7% of the country's entire export earnings, the mine has been responsible for a large amount of the infrastructure.

The mine
The mine works as an open cut operation and Mount Fubilan has been reduced to a deep pit in the ground.

By 31 December 2004, 8,896,577 tonnes of copper concentrate (containing 2,853,265 tonnes of copper metal and 7035477 ozt of gold metal) had been mined. In addition, between 1985 and 1990, 47.642 tonnes (1,531,700 ounces) of gold bullion were produced.

The mill
There is a mill adjacent to the mine that transforms the raw material mined into copper concentrate slurry plus a small quantity of gold. The mill operates two sag mills each with two associated ball mills. Copper concentrate is produced as slurry and piped 137 km along the Kiunga-Tabubil Highway to Kiunga, the main port of the district, where it is shipped via river barge along the Fly River.

Ok Menga
The mine is powered by a hydroelectric power facility at Ok Menga, which is a tributary of the Ok Tedi River near Tabubil. There are also backup diesel generators that are used if the flow from the Ok Menga river is not enough to generate sufficient electricity.

Kiunga-Tabubil Highway
The Kiunga-Tabubil Highway is maintained by Ok Tedi Mining, as the mine is the greatest beneficiary of the road. The highway, for the most part, runs parallel with the Ok Tedi River. Parts of the highway are often consumed by the river and need to be rebuilt. The cost of maintaining this road is K1.5 million a year. The copper slurry pipeline to Kiunga from the mine runs along the full length of this road.

Tabubil
Tabubil is a township in the North Fly District of Western Province, Papua New Guinea, about 20 km south along the Kiunga-Tabubil Highway from the minesite. The town, including the adjoining relocated village of Wangbin and the industrial area of Laytown, is the largest settlement in the province. Although the provincial capital, Daru, is almost the same size.

The town was established primarily to serve the Ok Tedi Mine. The OTM headquarters are located in a building called the White House, which is about 500 m south of Tabubil International School, and about 300 m east of the Cloudlands hotel.

The mine has a backup diesel generating power facility at Tabubil.

Kiunga
Kiunga is the port town that services the mine on the Fly River. The township, which had a population of 8,300 in the year 2000 census, is the terminus of the Kiunga-Tabubil Highway, and the copper concentrate slurry pipeline, about 140 km by road from the minesite.

Local industry rests on a cornerstone of freight and haulage, particularly servicing the mine and the town of Tabubil. The town is the headquarters of the North Fly District.

Environmental impact
In 1999, BHP reported that the project was the cause of "major environmental damage". The mine operators discharge 80 million tons of contaminated tailings, overburden and mine-induced erosion into the river system each year.

The discharge caused widespread and diverse harm, both environmentally and socially, to the 50,000 people who live in the 120 villages downstream of the mine. Chemicals from the tailings killed or contaminated fish, which subsequently caused harm to all animal species that live in the area as well as the indigenous people. The dumping changed the riverbed, causing a relatively deep and slow river to become shallower and develop rapids thereby disrupting indigenous transportation routes. Flooding caused by the raised riverbed left a thick layer of contaminated mud on the flood plain where the plantations of taro, bananas and sago palm that are the staples of the local diet grow.

About 1300 km2 were damaged in this way. Although the concentration of copper in the water is about 30 times above the standard level, it is still below the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Concerns have been raised of potential impact of the mine waste on the northern Great Barrier Reef, which is located offshore from the river mouth. Sediment core samples collected from the Fly Delta in 1990 showed no detectable increase in copper concentration above background levels.

The United Nations Environment Programme has noted that the Ok Tedi mine site's "uncontrolled discharge of 70 million tonnes of waste rock and mine tailings annually has spread more than 10 km down the Ok Tedi and Fly rivers, raising river beds and causing flooding, sediment deposition, forest damage, and a serious decline in the area's biodiversity." The resulting devastation caused by the mining of Ok Tedi has included the loss of fish, a vital food source for the local community; loss of forest and crops due to flooding; and the loss of "areas of deep spiritual value for villagers are now submerged in mine tailings."

Anthropological impact
The Ok Tedi Mine is located in the area of the Wopkaimin people, who previously had limited exposure to the Western world. During the regulatory process for evaluation the socio-ecological impact of the Ok Tedi Mine, negotiators for the government of Papua New Guinea were ill-equipped to deal with the scale and scope of the project. The national government rejected all studies examining the social impact of the mine, and allocated a woefully inadequate amount of money for environmental studies. As the negotiations for the mine were ongoing, Ok Tedi Mining sought to depict the local Wopkaimin people in a primitive light. In developing promotional material for the mine, Ok Tedi Mining mocked Wopkaimin "primitivism", and hired an ethnically Wopkaimin community relations employee who would partially de-robe for promotional materials so to make the tribe look less advanced. Ultimately, the government and Ok Tedi Mining agreed to compensate the indigenous Wopkaimin people with one kina per person, per day, and agreed that the Wopkaimin would undergo a transition from "traditional" to "modern".

The Wopkaimin people traditionally depended on a subsistence-focused organization of production, however, this was severely disturbed by the presence of the mine. Approximately half of Wopkaimin men worked for Bechtel as construction workers from 1981 to 1984, mostly for low wages. Upon completion of the mine in 1984, these men were laid off en masse, and local Wopkaimin people began referring to the mine as the "place without work". Women's economic role was also severely impacted by this, as the traditionally female role of subsistence yam farming largely fell outside of this new capitalist system.

The construction of the mine also introduced the Wopkaimin to alcohol, specifically in the form of beer, which spawned social unrest.

Initially, many Wopkaimin responded to outside efforts to convert them into Christianity by decentralizing their indigenous religion. During the early 1980s, many Wopkaimin continued rituals associated with their indigenous religion as a form of protest against the anthropological and environmental impacts of the mine. The Wopkaimin traditionally placed a special emphasis on songwriting and singing. However, by 1984, Christian missionaries had converted a substantial number of the Wopkaimin people to Christianity, and had prevented them from singing traditional songs.

title: Ok Tedi Mine


text:
Talk:Howard C. Reiche Community School

Untitled
thanks lucky!

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was move back per request. Much of the opposition is not grounded in naming convention policy or guideline and the applicable common naming evidence does not support the opposition's position. I would note that a book search, in fact, supports the fuller title, and a book search should be defaulted to before even trying a web search because it tends to concentrate reliable sources.--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 23:31, 31 March 2011 (UTC)

Reiche Community School → Howard C. Reiche Community School — Another user renamed this article as soon as the AfD ended, saying that "Reiche Community School" is the best name because it is the WP:COMMONNAME, as indicated by its use on the school website. Seeing that the other user reverted my subsequent page move to Howard C. Reiche Community School, it's time for a discussion. IMO, few elementary schools are so well-known as to have a common name that differs from the official name, and the evidence indicates that this school has several short names, none of which dominates. This school's website home page does say "Welcome to Reiche Community School," but the name on the bottom of the home page is "Howard C. Reiche Community School." The Antioch University paper cited in the article is entitled "Howard C. Reiche Community School." The Blue Ribbon School list calls it Howard C. Reiche Community School -- and alphabetizes it under "H". The Portland Public Library website calls it "Howard C. Reiche School." The school system website calls it "Reiche Elementary School." The Portland newspaper article cited in the article calls it "Reiche School", and the Bangor newspaper story excerpted in the book by Glass and the East End PTO minutes both call it simply "Reiche". The architecture master's thesis identifies it as "Howard C. Reiche Community School," but uses "Reiche School" and "Reiche" as shorthand names within the text. Bottom Line: While it is clear that it often is called by short names, there is no indication that any one short name qualifies as a WP:COMMONNAME along the lines of "Bill Clinton" or "Rhode Island", and several sources use the full name. Thus, the best article title is the school's full name. --Orlady (talk) 05:12, 27 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Whether it is Reiche Community School or Reiche School, the Howard C. part is quite superfluous. I live literally around the corner from the school and colloquially no one includes the Howard C. part. It is most commonly referred to as simply "Reiche". Moreover, a google test shows that "Reiche Community School" is more common than "Howard C. Reiche Community School". Reiche School is perhaps the best option for the name, but one would think that how the school names itself on its' own website would be definitive.--TM 14:01, 27 February 2011 (UTC)
 * What people call it in the neighborhood is not a particularly good basis for determining how it should be identified in an encyclopedia article. --Orlady (talk) 13:59, 1 March 2011 (UTC)
 * How a subject defines itself is the most important factor, which is why the current name, which matches the website, should stay.--TM 19:45, 1 March 2011 (UTC)
 * That's your opinion, but your opinion is not consistent with the Wikipedia policy. The policy says "Wikipedia does not necessarily use the subject's "official" name as an article title; it instead uses the name which is most frequently used to refer to the subject in English-language reliable sources." The various sources I cited use a variety of different names, leaving "Howard C. Reiche Community School" as the most sensible choice. Your Google test doesn't prove your case. First, you need to remember that a lot of ghit results are not reliable sources. Also, while it is clear that the school is sometimes named without including the "Howard C.", the hit count for the shorter name is only about 1/3 higher than the hit count for the long name -- not a very large difference if you consider that all items that call this school the "Howard C. Reiche Community School" should also turn up in a search on "Reiche Community School". --Orlady (talk) 20:07, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Support. Case is well made and documented by the proposer. The opposition seems to be purely a personal preference. Andrewa (talk) 15:55, 8 March 2011 (UTC)
 * My opposition is based on how the school itself identifies itself, which is why I moved it.--TM 16:29, 8 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes, and as has been pointed out above, this reasoning seems to be based purely on your personal views rather than on any Wikipedia guideline or policy. Perhaps the essay at official names would help to clarify this, noting that it's the guidelines and policies themselves which are important, the essay is just a help at understanding them. And yes, it should also be noted that this proposal is reversing your earlier, unilateral move. Andrewa (talk) 20:23, 8 March 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

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title: Talk:Howard C. Reiche Community School


text:
Rising Fawn, Georgia

Rising Fawn is an unincorporated community in the southern part of Dade County, Georgia, United States. It is the location of Cloudland Canyon State Park.

History
Rising Fawn was named after the child of a Cherokee Indian chieftain. The custom was to name the child after the first thing seen. On the following dawn, the chief saw a fawn rise from its bed and thought that he hadn't seen anything more beautiful. He then named his child Rising Fawn.

Geography
Rising Fawn is located in the northwestern part of Georgia, very close to the Alabama state line. Interstate 59 runs from southwest to northeast to the west of the community, leading northeast 28 mi to Chattanooga, Tennessee (via I-59 to I-24), and southwest 120 mi to Birmingham, Alabama. U.S. Route 11 also runs through the community, leading north 8 mi to Trenton, the county seat of Dade County, and southwest 14 mi to Hammondville, Alabama.

Demographics
Rising Fawn is part of the Chattanooga, TN–GA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Notable people

 * May Allison, silent film actress, was born here in 1890.
 * Norman Blake, famed for his folk music, some of which was heard on the O Brother, Where Art Thou? soundtrack, resides in Rising Fawn.
 * Desmond Doss, Medal of Honor recipient from World War II portrayed in the 2016 film Hacksaw Ridge, resided in Rising Fawn for most of his life after the war.
 * Colton Moore, was the youngest politician ever elected in Dade County and grew up in Rising Fawn.
 * Rick West, MCPON in U.S. Navy.
 * Forester Sisters, Country Music Association's Vocal Group of the Year, from Rising Fawn.

title: Rising Fawn, Georgia


text:
Patsy Ruth Miller

Patsy Ruth Miller (born Patricia Ruth Miller; January 17, 1904 – July 16, 1995) was an American film actress who played Esméralda in The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) opposite Lon Chaney.

Early years
Miller, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Oscar W. Miller, was born and raised in St. Louis, Missouri. As a girl, she had a screen test in Hollywood, but her mother was advised to take her home because she had no potential to be an actress. She was born Ruth Mae Miller but changed her name to avoid confusion with another actress, Ruth Miller, who was already active in film. She attended Mary Institute in St. Louis.

Career
After being discovered by actress Alla Nazimova at a Hollywood party, Miller got her first break with a small role in Camille, which starred Rudolph Valentino. Her roles gradually improved, and she was chosen as a WAMPAS Baby Star in 1922. In 1923, she was acclaimed for her performance as Esmeralda in The Hunchback of Notre Dame opposite Lon Chaney.

In the later part of the decade Miller appeared chiefly in light romantic comedies, opposite such actors as Clive Brook and Edward Everett Horton. Among her film credits in the late 1920s are Broken Hearts of Hollywood (1926), A Hero for a Night (1927), Hot Heels (1928), and The Aviator (1929). She retired from films in 1931. She may have attempted a comeback when she appeared on stage in 1933 in "Eve the Fifth" at Harold Lloyd's Beverly Hills Little Theatre for Professionals, although her intentions are not clear. She made a cameo appearance in the 1951 film Quebec, which starred John Barrymore Jr., and stated in her autobiography that she had participated as a joke. She came out of retirement to do the film Mother in 1978 by Brian Pinette. She later achieved recognition as a writer. She won three O. Henry Awards for her short stories, wrote a novel, radio scripts, and plays. She also performed for a brief time on Broadway.

Personal life
Miller was married three times. The first two marriages ended in divorce. Her first husband was film director Tay Garnett and the second was screenwriter John Lee Mahin. Her third husband, businessman E. S. Deans, died in 1986. The frequent news about her love life once earned Miller the nickname "the most engaged girl in Hollywood."

Book
In 1988, MagicImage Filmbooks published Miller's autobiography My Hollywood: When Both of Us Were Young (ISBN 978-1593934897). Reviewer Richard Brody of The New Yorker called the memoir "a hidden masterwork of the genre".

Death
Patsy Ruth Miller died at her home at the age of 91 in Palm Desert, California.

Partial filmography

 * One a Minute (1921)
 * Camille (1921)
 * Watch Your Step (1922)
 * For Big Stakes (1922)
 * Trimmed (1922)
 * The Fighting Streak (1922)
 * Fortune's Mask (1922)
 * Omar the Tentmaker (1922)
 * Handle with Care (1922)
 * The Drivin' Fool (1923)
 * The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923)
 * The Girl I Loved (1923)
 * My Man (1924)
 * Those Who Judge (1924)
 * Fools in the Dark (1924)
 * The Yankee Consul (1924)
 * The Breath of Scandal (1924)
 * Daughters of Today (1924)
 * Her Husband's Secret (1925)
 * Back to Life (1925)
 * Head Winds (1925)
 * Red Hot Tires (1925)
 * The Girl on the Stairs (1925)
 * Lorraine of the Lions (1925)
 * Rose of the World (1925)
 * Hogan's Alley (1925)
 * Why Girls Go Back Home (1926)
 * Hell-Bent for Heaven (1926)
 * So This Is Paris (1926)
 * The Fighting Edge (1926)
 * Broken Hearts of Hollywood (1926)
 * Private Izzy Murphy (1926)
 * The King of the Turf (1926)
 * The White Black Sheep (1926)
 * The First Auto (1927)
 * South Sea Love (1927)
 * Shanghaied (1927)
 * Once and Forever (1927)
 * A Hero for a Night (1927)
 * Hot Heels (1928)
 * Marriage by Contract (1928)
 * We Americans (1928)
 * The Tragedy of Youth (1928)
 * Red Riders of Canada (1928)
 * Beautiful But Dumb (1928)
 * Tropical Nights (1928)
 * The Hottentot (1929)
 * So Long Letty (1929)
 * The Aviator (1929)
 * The Fall of Eve (1929)
 * Whispering Winds (1929)
 * Wide Open (1930)
 * Lonely Wives (1931)
 * Night Beat (1931)
 * Quebec (1951)
 * Mother (1978) by Brian Pinette with Coleen Gray

title: Patsy Ruth Miller


text: Talk:New Mexico's 1st congressional district


text:
Norwood District High School

Norwood District High School is located at 44 Elm Street in Norwood, Ontario, Canada. As of 2020 it has 21 teachers. It is a member of the Kawartha Pine Ridge District School Board.

Notable alumni

 * International rock-stars Adam Gontier, Neil Sanderson, Brad Walst and Matt Walst of the band Three Days Grace

title: Norwood District High School


text:
Hernando Pizarro

Hernando Pizarro y de Vargas (born 1504, died 1578) was a Spanish conquistador and one of the Pizarro brothers who ruled over Peru.

Hernando was born in Trujillo (Extremadura), Spain, son of Captain Gonzalo Pizarro y Rodríguez de Aguilar (senior) (1446–1522) – who as colonel of infantry served in the Italian campaigns under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, and in Navarre, with some distinction – and his wife, Isabel de Vargas.

Pizarro Brothers
As one of the Pizarro brothers he was related to Francisco, Juan and Gonzalo Pizarro. He had two full sisters, Inés Pizarro y de Vargas and Isabel Pizarro y de Vargas, married to Gonzalo de Tapia. Through his father he was a second cousin of Hernán Cortés.

Inca Empire
Starting in 1532 and succeeding in 1533, Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire and claimed what we know today as Peru for Spain. In the 16th century the Incas were conquered by the Spaniards, Hernando Pizarro, who was the brother of the chief commander of the conquest Francisco Pizarro, writes a letter to the royal audience of Santo Domino about the expedition. Hernando Pizarro wrote this letter on November 1533. Hernando Pizarro starts his letter by explaining how the government founded a town called San Miguel and then proceeded to search for the town of Cajamarca whose rulers have been fighting. In this letter, we get a better understanding of what type of person Hernando Pizarro was. In the letter, Hernando gives a description image of his surroundings while on the expedition "The road over the mountains is a thing worth seeing, because, though the ground is so rugged, such beautiful roads could not in truth be found throughout Christendom. The greater part of them is paved. There is a bridge of stone or wood over every stream. We found bridges of network over a very large and powerful river, which we crossed twice, which was a marvelous thing to see." Hernando Pizarro was a very intellectual man with a great appreciation for his surroundings, one of the many reasons for why his part in conquering the Inca Empire with his brother, Francisco Pizarro, was essential.

The New World
Unlike his other brothers he was born in wedlock, and he was educated and gained influence in the Spanish court. In 1530 Hernando departed for the New World with his half-brother Francisco Pizarro and accompanied him during his conquests in Peru. In 1533 Hernando was sent back to Spain with the royal fifth for the Emperor, which consisted of "a number of the most beautiful articles" collected for Atahuallpa's ransom.

Hernando arrived Seville on 9 January, 1534, proceeded to Calatayud and an audience with Charles. Hernando delivered the royal fifth and recounted the Pizarro brothers' adventures. Charles confirmed Francisco Pizarro's previous grants, extending them seventy leagues further south, and then gave Francisco's partner, Diego de Almagro, a grant two hundred leagues further south.

When he returned to Peru he ruled with his other half-brothers (Juan and Gonzalo Pizarro) over the prized Inca capital of Cuzco. Governing with an iron fist, he helped with the eventual suppression of Inca uprisings led by Manco Inca.

Cuzco
After Diego de Almagro returned from Chile from a fruitless gold-seeking expedition, he found that Hernando and his brothers were in control of Cuzco. However, as he had not obtained any credit for having been Francisco Pizarro's main partner in discovering Peru, he decided to claim Cuzco as part of his share. Almagro seized the city in 1537, capturing Hernando and Juan. Hernando was eventually released after negotiations between Almagro and Francisco, and in 1538 he and Gonzalo returned with an army to confront Almagro. In the ensuing Battle of Las Salinas, the Pizarros won a decisive victory, capturing Almagro and the city.

The execution of Almagro later that year and the general disorder caused by the Spanish infighting caused substantial fallout in the Spanish court. Hernando was again called upon to leverage his royal contacts: in 1539 he returned to Spain to lobby in favor of the Pizarros. Their perceived treachery was too great, however, and despite Hernando's bribery, he was imprisoned for the next twenty years, from June 1541 until May 1561, in the Castle of La Mota. He then lived in his Trujillo palace until his death in 1578.

Family
In 1552 Hernando married his niece, the 17-year-old Francisca Pizarro Yupanqui (the daughter of Francisco Pizarro and his Inca mistress Inés Yupanqui) in Spain. Although born out of wedlock she was legitimized by Imperial Decree. They had five children. One of their sons, Francisco Pizarro y Pizarro, married twice and had offspring, the Marqueses de La Conquista. As a result the Pizarro line survived Hernando's death, though currently it is extinct in the male line.

His father was a son of Fernando Alonso Pizarro and his wife, Isabel de Vargas Rodríguez de Aguilar, paternal grandson of Fernando or Hernando Alonso de Hinojosa and his wife, Teresa Martínez Pizarro, and brother of Juan Pizarro, who died without issue in 1521, and Diego Fernández Pizarro, who married Marina López and had a son Fernando Pizarro López, who had a natural son named Diego Pizarro de Vargas, married to Juana Rodríguez de Bobadilla, with female issue in Portugal.

title: Hernando Pizarro


text:
Talk:Meena Kumari

Many errors
The latest change to this page contains numerous factual errors. Examples include:
 * "born Mahjabeen Begum" - actually born Mahjabeen Bano
 * "Meena Kumari was the third daughter of Ali Baksh and Iqbal Begum" - actually was the second daughter
 * "Irshad and Madhu were her two elder sisters" - Khursheed was her elder sister and Mahaleka@Madhu was her younger sister
 * "Her father, a Shia Muslim" - he was a Sunni Muslim — Preceding unsigned comment added by Luview (talk • contribs) 14:54, 19 August 2015 (UTC)

 * I have changed her birth name from Mahjabeen Begum to Mahjabeen Bano. Regarding the other changes you want to be made, it would've been easier if you could specify the pages from the book you cited as a reference. Malayala Sahityam (talk) 18:25, 19 August 2015 (UTC)

Edited: Pages specified

thanks i'm checking the articles and reference sources & will add them. i'm new to wikipedia will need help--Rockyleo94 (talk) 13:02, 25 July 2016 (UTC)

Untitled
Who ever added this page can you please identify yourself. You have done a great job especially for a long forgotton actress. Hats Off.

Thanks i'm Shams Khan from Pakistan. It just a way to express my love and respect for my favorite actress Meena ji and sorry for a late reply i'm still learning how to use wikipedia, just came to know about the talk page. thanks --Rockyleo94 (talk) 12:58, 25 July 2016 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Minakumari.jpg
Image:Minakumari.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:18, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Indian English?
"she herself was on a road to gradual ruin," swelling her debts" "people flocked to see it," "top-notch actress" etc, the language used here and in some Wikipedia articles about things related to India is perhaps Indian English? Like...'Bespattered with hackneyed idiom, sad flowers amongst simplistic prose, the overall effect is of a bygone day, that no modern encyclopedia subsumes'. (Sorry to be cruel. My English is awful.)--Timtak (talk) 17:21, 2 September 2010 (UTC)

Grammatical error
Under the heading "Relationship with Kamal Amrohi", please make a change in the first line from "...15 years elder than..." to "...15 years older than...". Basically a grammatical error.

Nadsat71 (talk) 11:20, 3 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done RudolfRed (talk) 02:22, 4 December 2013 (UTC)

Did Meena Kumari Have Deformed Fingers?
I saw an online claim that, like the modern Bollywood actor Hrithik Roshan, Meena Kumani had abnormalities involving at least one hand. In her case it was supposedly carefully concealed in her movie scenes. If true, this might be a partial explanation for her increasing feelings of isolation and sadness, since in her day such abnormalities were cruelly mocked. If anyone has reliable sources, they should be included in the article. Younggoldchip (talk) 16:38, 30 June 2014 (UTC) Younggoldchip (talk) 16:38, 30 June 2014 (UTC)

During an accident in Mahabaleshwaram on 21st May 1951, Meena Kumari's lower bone of her left hand pinky was fractured in a way that it remained tilted throughout her life. This fact was moreover confirmed by her stepson Mr.Taajdar Amrohi, who was very fond of his step mother or 'Chhoti Ammi' मीना कुमारी (talk) 12:19, 25 May 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 17 January 2017
The section titled "The Poetess Naaz" is improperly delimited. As a result, the entire Legacy section appears italicized. Could you look into this? 223.186.45.94 (talk) 12:29, 17 January 2017 (UTC)

- I don't see it in italics - it was indented from the left hand margin, which I corrected by closing the blockquote - Arjayay (talk) 12:49, 17 January 2017 (UTC)

Error in Meena Kumari's year of birth
I have been repeatedly trying to change her year of birth from 1933 to 1932 but somehow this error re-appears now and then. I do have certain arguements which furthur supports that she was actually born in 1932:-
 * Meena Kumari's biography by Vinod Mehta on Page 13 suggests her year of birth to be 1932,still there is a note given below which hints of some sort of confusion.
 * She was the "heroine Meena Kumari" in Ramnik Productions' Bachchon Ka Khel which was released in 1946. This wikipedia page too confirms that she was just fourteen when the film released. (1932+14=1946)
 * This article also supports the fact that she got married at 19, on February 14th,1952 (If she was born in Aug 1932,then by Feb 1952 she was actually 19)
 * Kamal Amrohi-her husband, was born on January 17th,1918 and was 15 years elder than her (Her date of birth being August 1st,1932 she was younger to him by 14 years and 7 months,which is close to 15 years)

So, I would like to request the editor to take note of these facts and change her year of birth from 1933 to 1932. Regards

Hi, Replying the queries
 * As per Filmfare 1954 article Meena ji's date of birth is 1 August 1933, it was published on 2 April 1954 with a special article on Meena Kumari. I added the reference link of the article to Meena Kumari Wiki page.
 * Meena Kumari's biography by Vinod Mehta do mention the date of birth as 1932 with a note in end pages saying "The date is confirmed but not the year. Some people say she was born in 1933."
 * Vinod Mehta also said in the book he couldn't access some of the old FilmIndia & Filmfare Magzines as they were not easily available.
 * Filmfare magzine mentioning Meena Kumari date of birth 1933 was issued on 2 April 1954 during Meena Kumari life & Vinod Mehta's book 1st edition was published in October 1972 & 2nd edition in 2013 after Meena Kumaris death & mentioned the date of birth with a error note.

hope this cleared the confusion. A request plz change Meena ji's year of birth from 1932 to 1933 Regards--Rockyleo94 (talk) 12:35, 27 July 2017 (UTC)

Edits done and updated. I hope they are worth satisfaction :)

Semi-protected edit request on 4 January 2018
In Death section "Alcohol" is misspelled as "Alcohal" Gauravkmr12 (talk) 03:29, 4 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Yes check.svg Done — MRD2014 Talk 03:50, 4 January 2018 (UTC)

Meena Kumari 's other names
I hv never heard that Meena Kumari was also known as the Female Guru Dutt. Von de leorde (talk) 16:50, 20 July 2018 (UTC)

Thanks for your contribution but everything written in the article has reference point attached to it. For guidance, see reference point number 6. Vrishchik(talk)

Real name
Legal/real names are used first in lead sentences followed by assumed pen/stage names per WP:LEGALNAME. I merely rearranged with already present sources. Muslims in India generally assume paternal names as surnames which is evidenced by the McFarland citation that gives the name as: Mahjabeen Bux. "Bano" is simply a title meaning 'child/child of' which of course would change after marriage (such as 'Bibi' or 'Begum') in this case: Mahajabeen Ara Begum as evidenced by the Scroll.in ref.

My other changes were in the infobox which were per the template documentation. Gotitbro (talk) 02:57, 14 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Please continue the discussion here. McFarland is a perfectly reliable source and gives the name as such. Anyway my contention is not what the real name is/was but that it should be mentioned in the beginning per WP:LEGALNAME. And I don't see anything contentious besides the name in my edits so your wholescale revert of it was completely unnecessary. Gotitbro (talk) 03:04, 14 January 2020 (UTC)

Take the example of actress Saira Banu for instance. She isn't a child but this is what she is called. Regarding "Ara Begum", Ara is a place in Bihar, she has no relations in Bihar. Begum on the other hand although represents a married woman but that cannot change her original name! There's an article of New Indian Express, which recognises her birth name to be Mahjabeen Bano. I have come across this issue quite a few times earlier as well. See the thing is, just like her, I'm an Indian as well and she's my personal favourite. I have contributed more than 500 edits just on this page, so naturally even I would want to provide our readers the best (true) information. :) Vrishchik (talk)]
 * Again Bano is a title which is obviously obsolete for this article. Just because the Saira Bano does not list her correct name the same should not be the case here. Ara is not a place its an Urdu adjective which simply means "adorned"; and we are not listing her original/birth name in the lead sentence but the "real/legal name" at the time of her death (again read the WP:LEGALNAME policy) which changed after marriage into Mahjabeen "Ara Begum". Gotitbro (talk) 03:47, 14 January 2020 (UTC)

I just checked the gravestone image in the article which states her Muslim name as "Mah jabeen bano" (below Meena Kumari) in the image. Hence I have stated that in the lead and used the Mehta reference there, the Scroll.in reference does not seem to be reliable. I have also removed the McFarland claim from ib as I am unsure about it. Sorry for the trouble, I should have looked at the gravestone image before making the edits. Gotitbro (talk) 17:24, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

Sir, what matters most is that we provide correct information to the readers. Thank you so much for your contributions. With regards! Vrishchik (talk)

Marital Status
, My point here is that they didn't divorce but separate. I think you're getting confused between the two. MK never shared an apartment with Mr. Amrohi after 1964 but she was still married to him. Take the case of Dimple Kapadia, she too lived separately but never divorced her husband. Same applies to Meena Kumari. Above all, it's so nice to see your edit after a long time. With regards and love. Vrishchik (talk) 07:13, 25 January 2020 (UTC) Hi, i know separation isn't the same as a divorce, actually i was thinking that already there is a deatil section title "Sepration from husband & addcition to alcohol" thats why i did the edit. My point here is that they remained husband wife till end. Like the case of Madubala & Kishore Kumar as during the last years of there married life Madubala lived with her family while Kishore Kumar visited her regularly. will like to know your view on this. But must say my friend you did a brilliant job. With Warm Regards. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rockyleo94 (talk • contribs) 11:55, 25 January 2020 (UTC)

Connection with Tagore family?
That her grandmother Hem Sundari was a daughter or was wife/widow of a member of the Tagore family (Sukumar Thakur Tagore or Jadu Nath Tagore), appears to be just a rumor or a claim. There are several inconsistencies in the accounts. Can someone examine these accounts and trace the source? Malaiya (talk) 18:06, 30 July 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 20 May 2022
Hello there. I simply want to add more information to her partial filmography, like adding the names of three more films done by Meena Kumari. Ehsanul (talk) 16:27, 20 May 2022 (UTC) More importantly, you have not cited reliable sources to back up your request, without which no information should be added to, or changed in, any article. - Arjayay (talk) 16:53, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: as you have not requested a specific change in the form "Please replace XXX with YYY" or "Please add ZZZ between PPP and QQQ".

Semi-protected edit request on 20 May 2022 (2)
Hello once again. Kindly note that the missing film names are: Footpath (1953), Bhabi Ki Chudiyan (1962), Bheegi Raat (1965), Noor Jehan (1966/67) and Bahu Begum (1967). Also please note that Aarti is a 1964 film and not a 1962 film (as per HMV). Ehsanul (talk) 16:36, 20 May 2022 (UTC) More importantly, you have not cited reliable sources to back up your request, without which no information should be added to, or changed in, any article. - Arjayay (talk) 16:54, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: as you have not requested a specific change in the form "Please replace XXX with YYY" or "Please add ZZZ between PPP and QQQ".

title: Talk:Meena Kumari


text:
User talk:Pableu~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --TimPope 17:12, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Re: Evangeline Lilly
That's fine with me, because it makes the article a bit more beautiful, plus anti-plagiarists can see where we got our sources from. — Vesther (U * T/R * CTD) 01:47, 2 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Glad you like it, I also think it looks cleaner that way. --Pableu 19:29, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Pableu. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Pableu~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:16, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 17:22, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pableu~enwiki


text:
SK-II

SK-II (pronounced S-K-Two) is a Japanese-based multinational cosmetics brand launched in the early 1980s, based on a compound derived from yeast. It is owned by parent company Procter & Gamble (P&G) and is sold and marketed as a premium skin care solution in East Asia as well as North America, Europe and Australia.

History
SK-II was developed in the 1970s by Japanese scientists investigating the use of more naturally derived ingredients after it was observed that elderly workers at a sake brewery had smooth, clear and young-looking hands from years of submerging them in the fermented yeast. A yeast extract that the company calls pitera was eventually isolated for cosmetic use and the brand was launched in the early 1980s. P&G acquired the brand with its purchase of Max Factor in 1991, and expanded its sale from Japan to China, South Korea, in 2000 to the UK, and subsequently to the US, restricting initial sales to a few high-end stores where "consultants" introduced customers to the brand. , it is also sold in Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Spain, and Thailand.

Controversies in China and South Korea
In April 2005, P&G agreed to pay a 200,000 yuan fine after a customer in China alleged inaccurate advertising of an SK-II product and that it had caused an allergic reaction. In September 2006, traces of neodymium and chromium were found in SK-II products sold in China. Both are banned in cosmetics, and can cause allergic dermatitis and eczema. P&G China withdrew several products, while requiring consumers to sign a "safe product" agreement releasing P&G from liability in order to return those they had bought. By the end of that week, P&G had suspended sales of the brand altogether in China and closed its sales counters there, instituting a hotline for refund applications. SK-II sales were also suspended for approximately two weeks in South Korea, resuming after authorities announced the products were safe. P&G announced it would resume selling the products in China in late 2006, after regulators declared that the trace elements of these substances in cosmetics were not likely to be injurious to human health.

title: SK-II


text: Talk:New Mexico's 3rd congressional district


text:
Talk:Eastern meadow vole

A note
I would also like to point out that Meadow Voles can be beneficial. They eat some of the plants we consider to be weeds. This has been evident as one has moved in next to our house. There are some pesky cousins of the dandelion that I just can't seem to get rid of and I refuse to use poisons. This little guy (or gal) moves in and all of a sudden those weeds are dying off. Roots being chewed off. I don't think it's a coincidence. I came online to find out more about our little resident. I'm not finding too many sites that talk about the benefits of these little fuzz balls. I'm glad that I can comment here.

One site that does mention them being beneficial; I also found this one to be the most informative... http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/meadow_vole.htm

Thanks for your time, ~Crow~

Size
The article does not mention the size of these critters. +1 seriously wtf 24.98.133.72 (talk) 21:21, 12 August 2014 (UTC)

Incorrect "Family"
The meadow vole belongs to the Muridae family (see http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/13452/all). I've made the correction in the info box. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bradn87 (talk • contribs) 16:19, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
 * This is based on Musser and Carleton's (1993) chapter in Mammal Species of the World (vol. 2). Volume 3 has since come out (2005) and Musser and Carleton have moved the voles to Cricetidae.  IUCN will eventually be following suit.  --Aranae 02:10, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Description is missing
A good description can be find at ARKive. --Melly42 (talk) 08:20, 12 December 2014 (UTC)

Ten years later and still no description! DrHenley (talk) 16:01, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eastern meadow vole


text:
Talk:The Herbs

Untitled
Not sure why I need to explain here, but, basically, this article's crammed with POV. In fact, it seems there's more POV here than there is article. BillyH 17:14, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

As a fan of The Herbs, I have reworked the article and tried to remove all the POV. I don't know if the previous contributor was having a laugh, or whether (s)he genuinely didn't understand the difference between writing an encyclopedia and a piece of advertising :) --Portnadler 15:49, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

Incorrect number of episodes
There were more than 12 episodes, although I don't know exactly how many. Parsley's Birthday Party isn't listed here, for example. Psychonaut3000 20:24, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

There were in fact thirteen, which was the standard for all Watch With Mother shows. The Birthday Party is indeed missing from the list.

"Parsley's Birthday Party" wasn't broadcast during the progeamme's first run (See Genome, http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/1968-05-06#at-10.45, showing that the programme broadcast on the date given was an episode of Andy Pandy.) Only 11 programmes were broadcast during the second run (see Genome 1968-07-04 to 1968-09-12), any of which could have been the programme in question.

Perhaps the first broadcast of this programme can be found in BBC paperwork from the period, should it survive. Anyone with access? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.168.81.100 (talk) 15:34, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

The illusion of reaction
Here, programme makers are suggested to have modified a television series in response to the reception of earlier episodes: "The evil Belladonna actually only ever appeared once in the series; she was considered by the BBC to be too frightening for children, and so her first appearance would also be her last." Surely the whole series would have been in the can before its first broadcast? 82.44.214.197 22:05, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

I think you mean Dill used to chase his tail, not change it. I certainly remember him chasing it. I shall leave it to someone else to change it. Dommar 30 June 2006 (UTC)

This programme was broadcast after 1968
This programme must have been broadcast after 1968. I remember watching it - and I was only born in 1967! ACEOREVIVED (talk) 16:36, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

I think there were differences between the 2 programmes, I will go into this. PatGallacher (talk) 19:00, 1 December 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Herbs


text:
Talk:New Mexico's 2nd congressional district

Eighth largest
Great reference! Where did you figure out that this district is the 8th largest? (By geography, not population, I presume.) Is there a Wikipedia article listing all districts by size? —Mark Adler (markles)  11:35, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

2006 Election
I added the 2006 election results, but messed up the code a little bit. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kika chuck (talk • contribs) 19:45, 9 December 2007 (UTC)


text:
Temporal fossa

The temporal fossa is a fossa (shallow depression) on the side of the skull bounded by the temporal lines above, and the zygomatic arch below. Its floor is formed by the outer surfaces of four bones of the skull. The fossa is filled by the temporalis muscle.

Boundaries

 * Medial/floor: frontal bone, parietal bone, (squamous part of) temporal bone, and sphenoid bone. The floor of the fossa features the pterion (the junction of these four bones).
 * Lateral/roof: temporal fascia.
 * Anterior: (posterior surface of) the frontal process of zygomatic bone, (the posterior surface of) the zygomatic process of frontal bone, and the maxilla.
 * Superior: Pair of temporal lines (superior and inferior temporal lines) that arch across the skull from the zygomatic process of the frontal bone to the supramastoid crest of the temporal bone
 * Inferior: zygomatic arch laterally and by the infratemporal crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid medially.

Contents

 * Temporalis muscle
 * Deep temporal arteries
 * Deep temporal nerves
 * Zygomaticotemporal nerve

Relations
Deep to the zygomatic arch, the temporal fossa is inferiorly continuous with the (lateral part of) the infratemporal fossa.

title: Temporal fossa


text:
Igor Nikulin

Igor Nikulin may refer to:

 * Igor Nikulin (hammer thrower) (born 1960), Russian hammer thrower
 * Igor Nikulin (ice hockey) (born 1972), Russian ice hockey player

title: Igor Nikulin


text:
Darryl Olsen

Darryl Marvin Olsen (born October 7, 1966) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played in one National Hockey League game for the Calgary Flames during the 1991–92 season, on December 14, 1991 against the Detroit Red Wings. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1989 to 2000, was spent in the minor leagues and Europe. His son, Dylan Olsen, was drafted 28th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks during the 2009 NHL Entry Draft.

title: Darryl Olsen


text:
Action of Churches Together in Scotland

Action of Churches Together in Scotland (ACTS) is a national ecumenical organisation of churches in Scotland, founded in 1990. It is the successor to the former Scottish Council of Churches. ACTS is one of the four national ecumenical bodies in the UK, with equivalent bodies being Churches Together in England, Cytûn in Wales and the Irish Council of Churches, plus Churches Together in Britain and Ireland. The ACTS office was originally located in Dunblane, then in Alloa and finally in Stirling.

Since June 2021 ACTS has been effectively superseded by the Scottish Church Leaders' Forum. As of May 2022 ACTS remains in existence for legal and administrative purposes only, governed by its Trustees but without staff.

The member churches of ACTS

 * Church of Scotland
 * Congregational Federation
 * Methodist Church
 * Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
 * Bishops' Conference of Scotland
 * Salvation Army
 * Scottish Episcopal Church
 * United Free Church of Scotland
 * United Reformed Church

Secretariat
From May 2018, the Interim General Secretary was the Rev. Ian Boa (who succeeded the Reverend Matthew Ross, a minister of the Church of Scotland, who took up a new post with the World Council of Churches). The Assistant General Secretary (since 2011) is the Reverend Ian Boa of the United Free Church of Scotland; he succeeded the Revd Lindsey Sanderson of the United Reformed Church. There were also two Programme Officers to support the work of ACTS.

When first created, the office of ACTS was located at the former Scottish Churches House in Dunblane. In 2006 the ACTS office was moved to Forrester Lodge, adjacent to Inglewood House in Alloa, but in October 2015 it was relocated to Stirling, in a self-contained office within the headquarters building of Volunteer Scotland. Scottish Churches House was opened in 1960, closed in 2011 and subsequently converted into a hotel.

General Secretaries of ACTS

 * The Rev Maxwell Craig 1990-1999
 * The Rev Dr Kevin Franz 1999-2007
 * Br Stephen Smyth 2007-2014
 * The Rev Matthew Ross 2014-2018
 * The Ian Boa (Interim General Secretary) 2018-2021

Working as Churches Together
ACTS was a place where churches meet, experience, reflect, share and act together. There were a number of projects which ACTS coordinates across Scotland. It was not intended that ACTS should develop into a "superchurch". Prior to 2003, four member churches of ACTS were part of the "Scottish Churches Initiative for Union" (which sought institutional unity - a project which ACTS was not part of), but a negative vote at the General Assembly in 2003 necessitated the withdrawal of the Church of Scotland from SCIFU. Henceforth, greater emphasis has been placed on the development of Local Ecumenical Partnerships.

The principle of being Churches Together was of central importance to the work of ACTS. Essentially, this is known as the "Lund Principle" (which was adopted in Lund by churches at the third world conference on Faith and Order in August 1952.) This states: "the churches should act together in all matters ... except those in which deep difference of conviction compel them to act separately"

Governance of ACTS
The agenda of ACTS was set at a national level by the church denominations through their representatives on the "Members' Meeting". To comply with the requirements of the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator, the legal responsibility for the oversight and governance of ACTS is vested in Trustees, chaired by the Convener of ACTS and supported by the Secretariat. As of 2022 the Board of Trustees remains in existence.

Conveners of ACTS

 * 2009-2011 The Rev Fr Philip Kerr (Roman Catholic Church)
 * 2011-2013 The Rev Dr Douglas Galbraith (Church of Scotland)
 * 2013-2015 Mrs Helen Hood (Scottish Episcopal Church)
 * 2015-2017 The Rev John Butterfield (Methodist Church)
 * 2017-2019 The Very Rev Monsignor Philip Kerr (Roman Catholic Church)

Programmes
ACTS worked through its Programme Groups, Partner Group and Bodies in Association. Programme Groups (directly under the responsibility of ACTS) include the Scottish Churches Rural Group, Scottish Churches Anti-Human Trafficking Group and the Scottish Churches Education Group. Partner Groups (administratively and financially supported by ACTS, but with autonomous management) include the Scottish Churches Racial Justice Group. The ACTS Ecumenical Development Group promoted local ecumenism. Before restructuring in the early 2010s, ACTS had four "Networks".

Scottish Churches' Committee
A separate body, the Scottish Churches' Committee, is responsible for liaison with public authorities on legal (rather than spiritual) matters - such as changes to legislation and the resulting effect on churches (such as planning law, changes to local government taxation, etc.). Seven of the nine members of ACTS are also members of the SCC (i.e. all but the two smallest, namely the Congregational Federation and the Quakers). The SCC also includes the Baptist Church, the Free Church of Scotland and several smaller Presbyterian churches. The Secretary of the SCC is the Solicitor of the Church of Scotland. It also co-operates with the UK-wide Churches Legislation Advisory Services (CLAS), formerly known as the Churches' Main Committee.

title: Action of Churches Together in Scotland


text:
Smithdon High School

Smithdon High School (formerly known as Hunstanton Secondary Modern School and Hunstanton School) is a small comprehensive school (ages 11–16) academy, with 627 students in Hunstanton, Norfolk. Its buildings are Grade II* listed. It changed its status, joining the West Norfolk Academies Trust in 2016. Ofsted rated the school as 'requires improvement' in 2019.

The Grade II* listed buildings were designed by Peter and Alison Smithson. They were completed in 1954, in the modernist style that became known as New Brutalism. They have remained largely unchanged though some of the featured clear glass panels were replaced by black panels to overcome a solar overheating problem. They were listed in 1993.

School history
The school was opened in 1954. It was a product of extreme austerity, intended to educate the boys and girls aged 11 to 15 who had failed the 11-plus. The school became non-selective following the 1965 Circular 10/65 and in 1972 the school leaving age was raised to 16. The school had a wide catchment area, which includes many small, rural villages receiving students at 11 (year 7) from primary schools and 13 (year 9) from middle schools in the Norfolk three-tier system. This reverted to two tier. After a Good Ofsted Report in 2014, the school changed its status to an academy, within the West Norfolk Academies Trust Group. In 2019, Smithdon High School again received a 'needs improvement' report from Ofsted.

Description
This is a small school, that no longer has a sixth form. It has difficulty in recruiting and retaining staff. Pupils feel it is a safe, friendly school though attendance is a problem. The head is seen as strict but fair. The curriculum is well laid out in curriculum plans.

Curriculum
Virtually all maintained schools and academies follow the National Curriculum, and are inspected by Ofsted on how well they succeed in delivering a 'broad and balanced curriculum'. The school has to decide whether Key Stage 3 contains or whether year 9 should be in Key Stage 4 and the students just study subjects that will be examined by the GCSE exams at 16. Smithdon had decided to take the latter approach they are reconsidering this decision after reading the Ofsted report. Ofsted pointed out that the "In some subjects, pupils have not been given enough time to cover the full curriculum in key stage 3. ... In some subjects, plans are not as well sequenced. This means that pupils do not get a strong enough grasp of important knowledge and concepts. In these subjects, pupils are not as well prepared for their key stage 4 studies. We saw examples of this in art, history and languages."

In 2019, Key Stage 3 and 4 students studied:

Potential Key Stage 5 students are offered places in the sixth form at Springwood High School in Lynn.

Architectural history

Hunstanton School, built between 1949 and 1954, is an important work by Alison and Peter Smithson. It was known locally as 'the glasshouse'. The school was strikingly modern in many ways, most notably in its extensive use of glass and steel, and the unusual free-standing water tower.

The Smithsons struggled with reuniting modernist architectural style of the Festival of Britain with the community. Hunstanton School, with its exposed structure and services, with its references to Mies van der Rohe was an answer. It was described by architectural critics as New Brutalism. This was the first time this description had been used, and was then adopted to describe all buildings of this genre, and profoundly influenced school design and public buildings.

The school's main building was designated a Grade II* listed building in 1993. The school gymnasium was listed at Grade II* the same year.

Description
This is a two-storey, flat roofed, roughly symmetrical rectangular block with two internal courtyards and a central double-height hall spanning two main ranges. The classrooms are all on the first floor reached by individual stair columns- or columns that service at most three classrooms. This was done to prevent the perceived noise and disruption caused by long corridors. The classrooms were fully glazed, with obscured panels below cill height. It was built using a galvanised steel frame with buff sandlime brick infill. The steel framed windows were fitted without subframes. There were single storeyed workshops and kitchens to north. A feature is the steel framed water tower with steel tanks, built between the blocks.

The extensive use of glazing was a feature, but has become an environmental problem, as it produced a cold building in winter, and effectively a greenhouse in summer.

title: Smithdon High School


text: User talk:24.113.6.164

title: User talk:24.113.6.164


text:
Talk:Stade Rennais F.C.

Untitled
It lacks the third colour set when they meet, say Monaco which teams has both red and white. This third colour is light blue. But I don't have time for know to change the picture.

OK, I tried to had a third colour set, but the template is for just two colour sets. :-( If anybody updates the template to allow more than two sets, they are already here.

Squad information
A few people have been editing the squad information, without citing sources for their edits. As I see it, the official source for Stade Rennais information remains www.staderennais.com. This leads me to sevral points :
 * 1) Stéphane Mbia is not called "M'bia".
 * 2) Uwa Echiejile and Prince Oniangue do not have first team numbers this season (last season they did, but no longer).
 * 3) Yann Mvila is not called "M'vila".

That's all I wanted to say. Information from fan websites such as www.stade-rennais-online.com is interesting, but is less reliable than www.staderennais.com, and as such is merely there to complement the information lacking on the official site (ex. Uwa Echiejile in the youth team), and not override information by the official site. Shazback 14:12, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

Requested move
There is a conflict between the most commonly used name in English language sources, as this is the name of the town. The solution that is used in most cases that result in this clash in English clubs (eg (Gillingham/Gillingham, or Liverpool/Liverpool), by adding F.C. to the article name is not appropriate, so this article has been known by its official name rather than according to the most common name. This is not necessarily problematic, but the page name is being taken as proof of, rather than an imperfect reflection of, the common name, causing edit wars and ill tempered dispute breaking out  here, here (most edit notes since 5 Jan), here, here, here, and here. I am happy with variants on the target page such as Rennes (association football club) Kevin McE (talk) 19:11, 9 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Withdrawn Kevin McE (talk) 09:31, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Oppose. What next? Hibs and Hearts (names which are at least as commonly used as the full names)? Jmorrison230582 (talk) 20:20, 9 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose - using the proper name of the football club is standard practice, even if it does not match the Common name - e.g. Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.. If a shortened version is used in piped link, so be it, it's not a problem (e.g. Wolves. - fchd (talk) 20:23, 9 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose - Stupidest idea I've ever heard. The club may be commonly referred to as "Rennes", but only as a short form of "Stade Rennais". – PeeJay 20:33, 9 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Can we remember WP:CIVIL]] please: I only proposed it as a potential way out of the impasse at USA. If you want to say that anyone's ideas are stupid, direct it at the person who thinks that article names establish common names. Kevin McE (talk) 20:41, 9 February 2009 (UTC)

OK Call off the hounds Yes, it was an attempt to try to get the editor at United States to be able to see some linkage between common name and the article name, but at least some of those issues were clarified: article name is not necessarily proof of most common usage (GA:are you reading this?). It would have been nice if some editors had been able to acknowledge that it was an attempt to find a resolution to that dispute rather than being so blatantly rude in their rejection. Kevin McE (talk) 09:31, 16 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose - Using that train of thought, other clubs would be moved. Why not move Middlesbrough F.C. to Boro or Portsmouth F.C. to Pompey? Because it is not the official name, simply a nickname used as an informal term by fans and pundits. Eddie6705 (talk) 20:39, 9 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose in the strongest possible terms. We shouldn't be distorting article names just for people who can't understand that you can have long names, short names, and other names in between. ArtVandelay13 (talk) 21:05, 9 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose this seems like a mere dumbing down to meet teamnames that are used on league tables and results and not use of a full teamname. Peanut4 (talk) 21:59, 9 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose This seems to be being suggested as a solution to Grant.Alpaugh's ridiculous edit-warring on the USA national team article, which is the worst possible reason for a move. пﮟოьεԻ   5  7  10:26, 10 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Comment - should this be closed per WP:SNOW now? – PeeJay 12:10, 11 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Strongly oppose. Can't believe it's even been suggested. WikiGull (talk) 14:37, 11 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose team is called Stade Rennais, Rennes is just an informal nickname. GiantSnowman 01:58, 15 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose - Feel free to use the English variant as a nickname redirect, but moving the article would be inappropriate. matt91486 (talk) 11:46, 15 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose - As per reasons given above, especially No57's point that such a move would reward the edit warring on the USA national team article. King of the  North   East  20:44, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

Training Centre
The picture for the entrance to the Centre d'entraînement Henri-Guérin is inaccurate. What we see in this picture is the entrance of the E.T.P Odorico, which is the private school where the young footballers from the Rennes youth academy go. The training centre is in a completely different location and not really near the stadium. Can somebody change this please, as I don't really know how to do this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.86.214.88 (talk) 02:46, 18 May 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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"2023–24 Stade Rennais F.C. season" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2023%E2%80%9324_Stade_Rennais_F.C._season&redirect=no 2023–24 Stade Rennais F.C. season] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Steel1943 (talk) 19:15, 21 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stade Rennais F.C.