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Gardner Inlet

Gardner Inlet (-74.96667°N, -62.86667°W) is a large, ice-filled inlet at the southwest side of Bowman Peninsula, on the east coast of Palmer Land, Antarctica.

Location
Gardner inlet is between the Lassiter Coast and the Orville Coast of the Weddell Sea to the east. It is at the southeast end of the base of the Antarctic Peninsula, which is defined as a line between Cape Adams at the mouth of the inlet and a point on the mainland coast south of Eklund Islands. It therefore lies on the boundary between Palmer Land to the north and Ellsworth Land to the south.

Gardner Inlet is separated from Hansen Inlet to the southwest by Cape Schlossbach. Both inlets are ice-covered, and join the Ronne Ice Shelf on the coast. The Scaife Mountains are to the east of Gardner Inlet, separated from the Latady Mountains to the northeast by the Ketchum Glacier, which flows into the inlet from the west. The Strange Glacier joins the Ketchum Glacier from the north near its mouth in the inlet south of Mount Austin. The Wetmore Glacier is joined by the Irvine Glacier and flows from the north into Gardner Inlet. Bowman Peninsula terminating in Cape Adams defines the northeastern side of the inlet.

Discovery and name
Gardner Inlet was discovered by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48, under Finn Ronne. He named it for Irvine Clifton Gardner, a physicist at the National Bureau of Standards, and member of the American Antarctic Association, Inc., the organization set up to make plans and preparations for the expedition. His work in the field of optics as applied to aerial photography has been an important contribution to this technique in polar exploration.

Ketchum Glacier
-75°N, -63.75°W. Eastward flowing glacier at the base of Palmer Land, about 50 nmi long, descending between the Latady Mountains and Scaife Mountains into Gardner Inlet. Discovered by the RARE, 1947-48, under Ronne, who named it for Commander Gerald Ketchum, United States Navy, commander of the icebreaker Burton Island which broke the ice to free the RARE from Marguerite Bay for the return home.

Brown Glacier
-74.83333°N, -65.13333°W. A large glacier on the west side of Latady Mountains, flowing south-southeast to join Ketchum Glacier, west of Gardner Inlet on the Lassiter Coast. Mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and United States Navy aerial photographs, 1961-67. Named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after Lawrence Edward Brown, geologist; member of the USGS field party which crossed this glacier, 1969-70.

Strange Glacier
-74.83333°N, -63.66667°W. A glacier in the Latady Mountains, draining southeast along the south side of Grain Ridge to enter Gardner Inlet between Schmitt Mesa and Mount Austin. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1961-67. Named by US-ACAN for Donald L. Strange, hospital corpsman at South Pole Station in 1964.

Wetmore Glacier
-74.63333°N, -63.58333°W. Glacier about 40 nmi long, flowing southeast between the Rare Range and Latady Mountains into the north part of Gardner Inlet. Discovered by the RARE, 1947–48, under Ronne, who named this feature for Alexander Wetmore, Secretary of the Smithspnian Institution, who assisted Ronne in laying out the scientific research program of the expedition.

Irvine Glacier
-74.7°N, -63.25°W. A glacier, 40 nmi long, draining southeast between the Guettard Range and Rare Range into the north part of Gardner Inlet. Discovered by the RARE, 1947-48, under Ronne, who named it for George J. Irvine, of the Engineer Depot at Fort Belvoir, VA, who outlined the RARE photographic program.

Mount Austin
-74.88333°N, -63.16667°W. Conspicuous rock mass rising to 955 m high, projecting into the head of Gardner Inlet. Discovered by the RARE, 1947-48, under Ronne, and named by him for Stephen F. Austin, American colonizer in Texas and one of the founders of the Republic of Texas.

Bowman Peninsula
-74.78333°N, -62.36667°W. A peninsula, 25 nmi long in a north–south direction and 15 nmi wide in its north and central portions, lying between Nantucket Inlet and Gardner Inlet on the east coast of Palmer Land. The peninsula is ice covered and narrows toward the south, terminating in Cape Adams. Discovered by the RARE, 1947-48, under Ronne, who named it for Isaiah Bowman.

Cape Adams
-75.06667°N, -62.33333°W. Abrupt rock scarp marking the south tip of Bowman Peninsula and forming the north side of the entrance to Gardner Inlet. Discovered by the RARE, 1947–48, under Ronne, and named by him for Lieutenant Charles J. Adams of the then United States ArmyAF, pilot with the expedition.

Cape Schlossbach
-75.13333°N, -63.1°W. Cape forming the east end of Prehn Peninsula, located between Gardner Inlet and Hansen Inlet on the east  side of the base of the Antarctic Peninsula. Discovered by the RARE under Ronne, 1947-48, who named it for Commander Isaac Schlossbach, United States Navy (Ret.), second-incommand of the expedition and commander of the ship Port of Beaumont, Texas.

title: Gardner Inlet


text:
Bogus escrow

The bogus escrow scam is a straightforward confidence trick in which a scammer operates a bogus escrow service.

Escrow services are intended to ensure security by acting as a middleman in transactions where the two parties do not trust each other. Rather than sending money or goods directly to the other party (which is insecure, as one or the other party must send its item first, at the risk that the other party may not reciprocate), both parties send their items to the escrow service, which holds them until both items are received, then sends each on to the intended recipient. If either party fails to deliver its part of the deal, the other party's item will be held at the escrow service and eventually returned.

In the bogus escrow scam, a scammer sets itself up as the recipient of money or goods and then requests the use of an escrow service which is self-operated. This bogus escrow service assures the victim that the scammer has sent its item and that the victim should send its item to the escrow service. This amounts to sending the item to the scammer, who then immediately closes down the escrow service and does not send its item to the victim. The scammer blames the escrow service, claiming that the item was with it at the time it closed down; if the victim did not investigate the escrow service before using it, the ruse may be believed.

The bogus escrow scam is popular on eBay, where escrow services are often used for high-value transactions. The rise of internet escrow has led to a dramatic increase in bogus internet escrow companies. However, several legitimate and licensed escrow companies do exist.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bogus escrow


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mohamed Syam

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 12:42, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Mohamed Syam
NN vanity page. 202.156.6.60 12:23, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity. See also Nofingers. --Blackcap | talk 12:40, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Waste of space. CambridgeBayWeather 12:50, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. Cnwb 14:00, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. Closing admin: don't forget to delete the picture, too. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  15:23, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Already on IfD. --Blackcap | talk 06:29, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Ríkharður Daðason

Ríkharður Daðason (born 26 April 1972) is an Icelandic former professional footballer who played as a striker for Fram Reykjavik, KR, Kalamata, Viking, Stoke City, Lillestrøm and Fredrikstad.

Education
Daðason graduated from Columbia University, where he played on the varsity football team, in 1996 and was inducted into Columbia's athletics hall of fame in 2010.

Club career
Daðason started his career in Fram Reykjavik, and later moved to KR where he became top goalscorer in the Úrvalsdeild in 1996 with 14. His KR career was interrupted by an unsuccessful spell in Greek football with Kalamata. In 1998, he moved to Norwegian club Viking, and after scoring at least 15 goals three seasons in a row he was signed by English club Stoke City in the summer of 2000. Stoke were at the time under the control of an Icelandic board and Ríkharður was one of a number fellow countrymen at join up at the Britannia Stadium, Stoke had to wait until the Norwegian finished before Ríkharður could join them and he made a great start scoring the winning goal against Barnsley with his first touch.

He failed to build on such a good start and scored seven more goals in 2000–01 and became more used by Guðjón Þórðarson as a substitute. He scored four goals in 13 matches in 2001–02 and was released by the club at the end of the season. He returned to Norway and played for Lillestrøm and Fredrikstad before ending his career with a return to Fram.

International career
Daðason made his debut for Iceland in a May 1991 friendly against Malta as a substitute for Grétar Einarsson. He played his last international match in 2003, having been capped 44 times and scoring 14 goals. Daðason scored a legendary goal against France, then recent World Cup Champions, on 5 September 1998. The game ended with a 1–1 draw. He was the top goal scorer of the 2000–01 Nordic Football Championship with 4 goals.

International

 * Scores and results list Iceland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Ríkharður goal.

title: Ríkharður Daðason


text:
Black Combe

Black Combe is a fell in the south-west corner of the Lake District National Park, England, just 4 mi from the Irish Sea. It lies near the west coast of Cumbria in the borough of Copeland and more specifically, in the ancient district of Millom. It is 1970 ft high and stands in isolation, some 10 mi away from any higher ground; this factor offers an excellent all-round panoramic view of land and sea, weather permitting.

Black Combe is a Marilyn and, at 600m, it is only 10m short of being a Hewitt. Sub-tops include White Combe, Stoupdale Head, Swinside Fell and Stoneside Hill. The first two but not the last two are included in the index of Wainwright's The Outlying Fells of Lakeland and thus in lists of "Outlying fells". (All four sub-tops are shown on Wainwright's map of the fell in that book

The view from Black Combe is unique, a result of its isolated position to the south and west of the main Lake District fells. William Wordsworth claimed that "the amplest range of unobstructed prospect may be seen that British ground commands." Half the view is the glittering sea, with the Isle of Man seen clearly to the west, and the hills of Wales and Scotland seen as shadowy silhouettes.

On the seaward side views extend from the Cumbrian coast, and from Criffel, 49 mi to the north, a mountain on the Scottish coast near Dumfries, round to the Isle of Man, 45 mi due west, then round to Snowdon which may be seen on days of exceptionally good visibility, 85 mi to the south, to the coast of Lancashire. On the landward side, views include the Scafell Group and the Coniston Group of fells in the Lake District National Park, including four 3000 ft mountains: Skiddaw, Scafell, Scafell Pike and Helvellyn. To the east and south the Pennine Hills, the Forest of Bowland and Blackpool Tower are visible. Closer by, there are also good views over the Duddon Estuary, Millom and the wind farm just offshore.

Black Combe is easy to see across Morecambe Bay as the most westerly outlying fell of the Lake District National Park. The name of the Cumberland View public house in Morecambe reflects the fact that Black Combe used to stand in the historical county of Cumberland. It can also be seen from the top end of the Wirral peninsula, between the turbines of the new Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm.

Clearly visible in views of Black Combe from the south and east is the large, dark-coloured glacial corrie, known as Blackcombe, from which the fell's name is derived. Such corries are often known as combes in English place names, a word cognate with the Welsh word cwm. Adjacent to Blackcombe is a lighter-coloured corrie called Whitecombe.

Black Combe was one of the five stations in Cumberland used by the Ordnance Survey to measure the angles of Principal Triangles for their initial survey of Britain in the years up to and including 1809. The other stations were "Dent Hill", Scilly Banks (on the outskirts of Whitehaven), High Pike and Cross Fell.

The Black Combe Walking Festival takes place annually in June and the Black Combe fell race takes place in early March.

The Swinside, or Sunken Kirk, stone circle is on the eastern flanks of Swinside Fell, in the north east of Black Combe.

Geology
The rocks of Black Combe were formed during the Ordovician period, roughly 460 million years ago. Faulting has exposed an inlier of mudstones from the Skiddaw Group. These rocks, largely mudstones, siltstones and occasional sandstones or greywackes, were formed in deep seas when occasional slides of coastal sediments were redeposited at greater depth.

The nearby Millom Park includes Millom Rock Park, open to the public at all times.

Routes

Walks to the top of the fell begin at St Mary's Church, Whicham to the south; St Mary's Church, Whitbeck to the west or from the Corney Fell Road which crosses the fells at an altitude of 1250 ft 4 mi to the north of the top. A more challenging and interesting route begins at Beckside Farm on the A595 road and follows Whitecombe Beck before ascending the Horse Back ridge. This ridge separates Blackcombe and Whitecombe on the eastern side of the fell, and gives good views into both combes.

The summit plateau is a very flat peat-covered area. There is a Triangulation Pillar on the top, surrounded by rough drystone wall which forms a wind shelter. 1286 ft due south from the peak is a lesser peak upon which stands a large cairn which is easily visible with the naked eye from Millom and the surrounding area. Between this cairn and the top, in a shallow valley, lies a small tarn.

Black Combe is the subject of a chapter of Wainwright's book The Outlying Fells of Lakeland. While most of the chapters of that book describe single, usually circular, walks, Black Combe is treated similarly to the summits in the main Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells: the author describes three distinct ascent routes (from the south at Whicham, the west on the A595 road, the north on the fell road) and a circuit of White Combe to the east.

Black Combe is included as Walk 27 in the Ordnance Survey's Lake District volume of their Pathfinder Guides Outstanding Circular Walks series. This describes an 8.5m (13.5km) walk starting near Whicham Church, ascending from the south and then descending to the north-west before returning via Whitbeck.

title: Black Combe


text:
John McPhee (politician)

Sir John Cameron McPhee, KCMG (4 July 1878 – 14 September 1952) was an Australian politician and member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. He was Premier of Tasmania from 15 June 1928 to 15 March 1934.

Early life
McPhee was born in Yan Yean, Victoria in 1878, the son of Scottish shopkeeper Donald McPhee and his Victorian-born wife Elizabeth McLaughlin. He was educated in state schools until the age of 14 and then spent some time working on the family farm. He then undertook a printing apprenticeship, and worked at a newspaper in Bairnsdale, where he learned reporting, compositing and typesetting.

McPhee moved to Hobart, Tasmania in 1908, where he ran a business college for a number of years. He also started a stationery and business equipment company (J. C. McPhee Pty Ltd), was co-proprietor of the Huon Times newspaper, and the director of several Tasmanian companies.

Political career
McPhee was a strong supporter of the temperance movement, and was supported by temperance interests when he unsuccessfully stood for election to the Tasmanian House of Assembly at the 1916 election and a subsequent 1918 by-election. He was successful at the 1919 election, and won a seat in the Division of Denison for the Nationalist Party of Australia. McPhee was appointed to cabinet as Chief Secretary and Minister for Railways from 22 August 1922, but resigned both posts a year later for business reasons. In October 1923, the Premier Walter Lee was forced to resign by dissidents from the Nationalist and Country parties, and Joseph Lyons was asked to form a Labor government by the Governor of Tasmania. McPhee supported the Lyons government in a subsequent no-confidence vote and, as Opposition Leader from 29 July 1925, was noted for his co-operative and cordial relationship with Lyons.

Reversing the Nationalist Party's heavy defeat at the 1925 election, McPhee led the Nationalists to victory in the 1928 election, by a narrow single seat over Labor. He was sworn in as Premier on 15 June, also taking the portfolios of Treasurer, Minister for Forestry and the Hydro-Electric Department. The Nationalists won a landslide victory in the 1931 election, winning 19 out of the 30 seats with a nine-seat margin over Labor. Prior to the 1934 election, McPhee had been suffering recurring heart problems, and decided to stand down as Premier, handing over to Sir Walter Lee on 15 March and retiring from politics. He was knighted KCMG in June.

McPhee attempted a political comeback in 1937, unsuccessfully running for the seat of Denison at the 1937 federal election. He was more successful in the 1941 state election, winning a seat in Franklin, although Labor under Robert Cosgrove won that election. He retired on 23 November 1946 to concentrate on his business and humanitarian interests, and died in his sleep from cardiovascular disease in 1952, aged 74.

title: John McPhee (politician)


text: User talk:81.131.214.154

title: User talk:81.131.214.154


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Salary-celery merger

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:31, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Salary-celery merger
Possible hoax, unverified. Google turns up two hits, both of them forums. --Blackcap | talk 12:23, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Nom removed now that sources are cited. Keep. --Blackcap | talk 23:40, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep It's a real merger, it has sources. 64.200.124.189 12:25, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh yeah? Where? --Blackcap | talk 12:32, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * (Cox & Palethorpe, 2003) is a source and it's that source is shown in the article. 64.200.124.189 12:45, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Don't you remove my words. "Oh yeah?" is not a personal attack, and removing it is vandalism. --Blackcap | talk 12:57, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * From what I can tell, Cox and Palethorpe are authors. An author without a title is not a very useful piece of information in terms of encyclopedic validity. --Blackcap | talk 13:01, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom Keep as references were added --NeilN 12:32, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Article title may not have the best name, but topic of article seems valid, and Google returns many non-WP, non-webforum links showing that Cox + Palethorpe are Australian linguistics researchers (,, , for example), and this genuinely looks like something their research would cover; in fact, says, in a footnote on p 13, cf. Australian English vowel changes in progress in some areas such that "salary" and "celery" sound the same. See Cox, F., and Palethorpe, S. (2001). The Changing Face of Australian Vowels. In Blair, D.B. and Collins, P (eds). Varieties of English Around the World: English in Australia: John Benjamins Publishing, Amsterdam, 17-44. Proof enough for me.  Keep DS 13:09, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounds good. As soon as it's in the article I'll say keep. --Blackcap | talk 13:19, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * verify This appears to be some kind of linguistics-related article. If its not primary research, then keep. Roodog2k (talk) 14:13, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I don't much like the title as it stands and will shortly propose a better one, but it's very much a real merger, and very much not original research. Another reference for the Victorian merger is . (All refs so far have concerned the Victorian merger and if they mention the New Zealand one at all, I think it's mostly only as a tangent. I have some refs on the New Zealand merger but not immediately at hand, and haven't read them completely enough just yet. I may do so during after mid-October.) Cassowary 2005-10-01 14:30:37 UTC (according to edit history. Uncle G 14:36, 1 October 2005 (UTC)) (yes, it was me —Felix the Cassowary ( ɑe hɪː jɐ ) 14:45, 1 October 2005 (UTC))
 * QUESTION You state that it's very much a real merger, and very much not original research but all the work seems limited to the two authors cited as references (and presumably this article has been authored by them or a related party). As such, is it accepted enough to justify inclusion here?  Can you provide a non-Cox and Palethorpe reference? Dottore So 19:03, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Your presumption is wrong; much of the text was originally written by me in a post on a web forum not too long ago (and plagiarised when included here), and I'm very much neither Cox nor Palethorpe. Cox and Palethorpe seem to have been involved in a relatively high proportion of what's been published on Australian English phonology in the last decade (or perhaps my searching methods are geared towards finding stuff by them...), and I haven't seen anything on the Victorian merger except by them. (But then, I'm not a linguistics student/linguist and haven't read all that much.) I've never been too concerned about the lack of diversity in authorship because as a merging speaker living in a predominately merging community I've made and heard many puns/been confused by the homophony on a number of occasions. There seems to be more diversity on authorship of the merger in New Zealand, but as I say I haven't read much on that so can't talk much about it... —Felix the Cassowary ( ɑe hɪː jɐ ) 23:28, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep for content (title change would be OK) see for reference to celery-salary.   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   14:43, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Australian English —Wahoofive (talk) 22:34, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, that'd be Australian English phonology, but either way New Zealanders might be a little bit unhappy about it. —Felix the Cassowary ( ɑe hɪː jɐ ) 23:28, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a bit too long to be merged with Australian English phonology 64.200.124.189 00:09, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge. This could easily be summarised as a paragraph as one section in the phonology part of New Zealand English, with a similar section in the Australian English phonology article. It doesn't need a separate article. Some of it also seems quite odd, if not incorrect (like the bit about it being the only feature shared between NZ and VIC but not the rest of Australia, which I'm sure is not the case - the word "chance", for instance, is pronounced the same in VIC as in NZ, but not as in the rest of Australia). Grutness...  wha?  01:19, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Question: How is the word 'chance' pronounced in NZ and Victoria, and how is it pronounced in the rest of Australia? —Felix the Cassowary ( ɑe hɪː jɐ ) 04:42, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The "a" is as in "part" in NZ and Victoria. In many other parts of Australia it is as in "pants". In SA and Tasmania, it is slightly closer to the "a" in "fall". The same pronunciation is found in the word "advance" - it is often possible to pinpoint which state an Australian comes from by asking them the name of their national anthem. Grutness...  wha?  06:00, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, real, verifiable conditioned phonemic merger. To those who don't like the name, examine Category:English phonology and you'll see its name is consistent with many similar articles. --Angr/undefined 05:31, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, no merge, I can remember this being discussed in my college "Dialects of English" course, and that's something, because I slept through much of it. Xoloz 08:48, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, looks legitimate. The name is no sillier than the foot-goose merger. Ilmari Karonen 23:27, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Bryce 17:12, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, no merge. --Zeborah 02:31, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Yves Cochet

Yves Cochet (born 15 February 1946) is a French politician, member of Europe Écologie–The Greens. He was minister in the government of Lionel Jospin. On 6 December 2011, he was elected member of the European Parliament (MEP).

He studied Mathematics and became researcher-lecturer at Institut National des Sciences Appliquées of Rennes in 1969. In June 1971, teaming with Maurice Nivat, he obtained a PhD for his research on « Sur l'algébricité des classes de certaines congruences définies sur le monoïde libre ».

Publications

 * Yves Cochet et Maurice Nivat, « Une généralisation des ensembles de Dyck », Israel Journal of Mathematics, vol. 9, nº3, septembre 1971, p. 389–395.
 * Sauver la Terre (avec Agnès Sinaï), éd. Fayard, Paris, 2003 ISBN 2-213-61701-5.
 * Pétrole apocalypse, éd. Fayard, Paris, 2005 ISBN 2-213-62204-3.
 * Antimanuel d'écologie, éd. Bréal, Rosny-sous-Bois, 2009 ISBN 978-2-7495-0845-0.

title: Yves Cochet


text:
Robert Bensley

Robert Bensley (c. 1740 – 1817) was an 18th-century English actor, of whom Charles Lamb in the Essays of Elia speaks with special praise.

Life
His early life is obscure, but his family was not poor: an uncle, Sir William Bensley, was among the directors of the British East India Company. Robert may have attended Westminster School. He is said to have served in America as a lieutenant of marines, attaining his commission through the influence of another relative; in this capacity, he may have participated in theatrical entertainments for soldiers; one early biography mentions a role on Thomas Otway's The Orphan. He appears to have acted with troupes of strolling players, including those of Roger Kemble and another in Staffordshire.

In 1768 Johan Zoffany created a painting of Charles Macklin in the role of Shylock. Macklin's daughter Maria Macklin was included as Portia and Bensley as Bassiano in the painting and Jane Lessingham is at the foot of the dias. The painting is unusual in that it includes Lord Mansfield to the left who may have commissioned the painting which is now in The Tate in London. After his departure from the military, he moved to London, where he met David Garrick and was engaged as an actor. He first appeared he appeared at Drury Lane in 1765, playing Pierre in Otway's Venice Preserv'd. He remained with Garrick in supporting roles; he played Edmund in King Lear and Buckingham in Richard III, and others; he also played the title role in The Guardian. The following season, he moved to Covent Garden, where he earned sixteen shillings a day working for George Colman the Elder. He stayed there for eight consecutive seasons, performing as Mosca in Ben Jonson's Volpone, Hubert in King John, Shore in Rowe's Jane Shore, and as Iago in Othello and Prospero in The Tempest.

In 1775, he returned to Drury Lane for the last year of Garrick's career; his first role was Pierre in Venice Preserv'd. He had by this time risen in prominence, so that his weekly pay was nearly ten pounds, with yearly benefit performances bringing in as much as 150 pounds. He remained at Drury Lane for the remainder of his career, although he sometimes performed during summers at the Haymarket, and occasionally acted at Bristol as well. he played important parts; though the fifth-ranked actor in the company by salary, he was a reliable performer with as many as 75 roles in his repertoire. In 1796, he retired. He played his final role, in Arthur Murphy's The Grecian Daughter, opposite Sarah Siddons: the benefit earned him 362 pounds.

At some point Benson is thought to have had an affair with the actress Isabella Mattocks. Mattocks marriage survived this liaison.

After retirement, Bensley appears to have served as paymaster at the Knightsbridge Barracks for a short time before retiring in 1798. The death of an uncle in 1809 left him financially secure for the last years of his life; he died at Stanmore in 1817 and is buried there. Though early rumor linked him to singer Isabella Mattocks, he did not marry until 1772, when he met Francina Augustina Cheston in Bristol after having accidentally caused her to fall from her horse. They may have had a daughter, Elizabeth, who married in Hanover Square in 1802.

The greatest praise for Bensley came from Lamb, whose description of the actor as Malvolio praises his "magnificent" air of "Spanish loftiness." Other critics were less laudatory. Even his defenders admitted that Bensley had to overcome notable physical deficiencies to make a mark as an actor: his eye and features were said to lack expressiveness, his voice was too nasal, and his movements too jerky and awkward. But if these qualities made him unsuited for many of the roles that the rigors of the repertory system thrust him into, they also worked to his advantage in roles that fit his style. Throughout his career, he excelled in roles that required rigidity and solemnity, whether artificial or not. As a doting parent or stern moralist, he was always in his element. (Lamb's praise of his Iago is decidedly unusual.) By the time of his retirement, his style (which reminded some of James Quin) had become quite thoroughly dated, supplanted by the more nuanced style of Garrick, who reputedly nicknamed Bensley "Roaring Bob."

He was at one time mistakenly associated with the family of printers of whom Thomas Bensley (died 1833) was the chief representative. On the stage he was simply Mr Bensley, but though he is named William and even Richard in some accounts, Mr Knight shows that his name was certainly Robert.

Selected roles

 * Knowell in The Oxonian in Town by George Colman the Elder (1767)
 * Mithrades in Cyrus by John Hoole (1768)
 * Leontine in The Good-Natur'd Man by Oliver Goldsmith'' (1768)
 * Philip in The Brothers by Richard Cumberland (1769)
 * Demaphoon in Timanthes by John Hoole (1770)
 * Granville in Clementina by Hugh Kelly (1771)
 * Don Carlos in Alzuma by Arthur Murphy (1773)
 * Lycomedes in Cleonice, Princess of Bithynia by John Hoole (1775)
 * Mr Drummond in The Runaway by Hannah Cowley (1776)
 * Harold in The Battle of Hastings by Richard Cumberland (1778)
 * Osman in Zoraida by William Hodson (1779)
 * King in The Law of Lombardy by Robert Jephson (1779)
 * Lord Glenmore in The Chapter of Accidents by Sophia Lee (1780)
 * Omar in The Fair Circassian by Samuel Jackson Pratt (1781)
 * Ruefull in The Natural Son by Richard Cumberland (1784)
 * Demophon in The Royal Suppliants by John Delap (1786)
 * Anthony Euston in I'll Tell You What by Elizabeth Inchbald (1785)
 * Hilladon in The Captives by John Delap (1786)
 * Dundore in Vimonda by Andrew Macdonald (1787)
 * Durazzo in Julia by Robert Jephson (1787)
 * Sterling in The Country Attorney by Richard Cumberland (1787)
 * Leonidas in The Fate of Sparta by Hannah Cowley (1788)
 * St. Pierre in The Surrender of Calais by George Colman the Younger (1791)
 * Dunstan in Edwy and Elgiva by Fanny Burney (1795)
 * Rodomsko in Zorinski by Thomas Morton (1795)
 * Constantius in Vortigern and Rowena by William Henry Ireland (1796)

title: Robert Bensley


text:
Cordeauxia

Cordeauxia edulis is a plant in the family Fabaceae and the sole species in the genus Cordeauxia. Known by the common name yeheb bush, it is one of the economically most important wild plants of the Horn of Africa, but it is little known outside of its distribution area. It is a multipurpose plant, which allows the survival of nomads by providing them with seeds. Further, the bush serves forage for livestock, firewood and dye. Its wild population is currently declining. Because it is potentially valuable for other hot, dry regions as a resource for food and fodder, it is recommended to take measures against its extinction.

Taxonomy
Cordeauxia edulis is a leguminous plant (Fabaceae) from the genus Cordeauxia. The genus Cordeauxia is in subfamily Caesalpinioideae and tribe Caesalpinieae, and is closely related to the genera Caesalpinia and Stuhlmannia. There are at least two varieties of the species C. edulis: Moqley and Suley. Moqley has smaller and darker leaves as well as a smaller stem diameter than Suley. Furthermore, the pods of Moqley include just one seed whereas the pods of Suley contain several smaller seeds. The seeds of Moqley are claimed to be sweeter. The common name of C. edulis is Yeheb-Nut (English) or Yeheb (French). Other names are Yebb, Hebb, Ye’eh, Yi-ib, Yehib or Yicib. In amharic it is called Ehb, Qud or Quda.

History
The yeheb nut bush has been known to the Somali nomads for centuries. The first recovery of his existence dates back to 1871, when the Italian esplorer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti noticed the plant when traversing Somalia to Bari. The bush has been named after Cordeaux, a botanic who first obtained botanical specimens in the Ogaden province (Ethiopia) which were found to be a leguminous plant belonging to a hitherto unknown genus in the Caesalpinaceae. Afterward, Hemsley gave the plant the generic name Cordeauxia, with the specific epithet edulis (edible). In 1929, the yeheb bush covered half of the vegetation of large territories in Somalia and south-east Ethiopia. In 1983 the distribution has been reduced to small regions.

Distribution
The yeheb tree is native in the arid and semi-arid areas in Somalia (Central) and Ethiopia (Ogaden). Its distribution has rapidly declined from 50% coverage down to only small locations nowadays. These regions are often semi-deserts or open bushy steppes located at altitudes from 100 to 300m. The rainfall rates are very low and frost does not occur. The ground is a very poor red sandy soils. The existence of C. edulis is threatened by war, over-utilization and by drought. Another cause for the decrease of C. edulis is the loss of seeds removed through the local people, eaten by wildlife and destroyed by insects. Its extinction would represent an irreplaceable loss for the long-term survival of the nomadic populations. In 1975, the National Range Agency of Somalia protected an area of about 50ha by prohibiting grazing. Since then, many other areas have been protected from grazing. In these areas and in all the native areas, the situation of Yeheb bush had considerably improved according to a 1983 study. However, a mission in 2015 found that the species had disappeared from the Haud plateau of Somaliland, although still to be found on the Ethiopian side of the border.

It is exotic in Israel, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania and in the Republic of Yemen. It is a wild species, but also subject to domestication trials, where it was sent to other arid regions, but with poor response, except for Voi, Kenya, where fruits are produced successfully since 1957. Today there is germplasm collection in Ethiopia (ILRI Addis Ababa), Kenya (National Genebank, Kikuyu) and the USA (Southern Regional Plant Introduction Station, Griffin, Georgia).

Biology
It is an evergreen, multistemmed shrub of about 1.6m height but it can also grow up to 4 m. The Yeheb tree has a taproot system, which can go 3m deep. Like that it reaches deep water and can stay green all year round.

 * Leaves: The lower surface of the leaves is green with glandular hair. The hair contain cordeauxiaquinone, a magenta-red pigment. The upper surface is olive green. The leaves are alternate and leathery. They have an oval shape and form an asymmetrical pinna with 1-6 pairs but mostly 4. The leaves measure 3–5 cm. They curl when the soil moisture gets low.
 * Flowers: The flowers are yellow and contain both sexes. They are 2–5 cm in diameter and have 5 petals. They are grouped in corymbs with very few flowers at the end of the branch. Flowering occurs throughout the year but is more profuse during the rainy season. They are pollinated by insects. The flowers develop at the first stage of the fruit formation, exhibit a dormancy through the dry season and continue the development at the onset of the next rainy period. After that, they mature within a few days.
 * Seeds: They have the size of a big hazel-nut, weight 1–3 g and are red-brown. The indehiscent pods include 1–4 round or ovoid seeds, they are by mistake called nuts. The germination rate is about 80% growth.
 * Trunk and Bark: They have a yellow-brownish color.
 * Growth: The growth in the first developing stages is slow due to small proportion of reserve proteins and the development of the taproot system.
 * Chromosome number: 2n=24
 * Inflorescence: The inflorescence is a terminal few-flowered raceme.

Cultivation
C. edulis is cultivated on a small scale in Somalia and near Voi in Kenya. It has only recently been a subject to domestication, therefore little knowledge about propagation, the agronomic practices and its potential for selection as well as breeding exists. The potential of this multipurpose plant is very promising, especially for other arid, hot regions as an important food and fodder resource.

Environmental requirements
C. edulis is a drought resistant plant and tolerant to desertification. For optimal plant development, average temperature and rainfall requirements are 25 °C and 250 - 400mm/year (two rainy seasons). Occasionally the Yeheb tree can also cope with minimal precipitation levels of 150–200 mm/year. It grows on red sandy soils (called Haud) with a low nitrogen content. The soils are alkaline and their texture is fine to coarse sand or grit to loamy sand. C. edulis prefers elevated stands, where no water accumulates. It grows in altitudes between 100–1000 m and is found in vegetation with acacia-commiphora deciduous bushland and thickets.

Sowing
The seed is often said to be viable for a few months only, but seed coated in wood ash and stored in a sack is reputed to remain viable for at least a year. The seeds should be sown on soils where the taproot can develop. There is no information available on optimal density and spacing. Under natural conditions there are up to 320plants/ha. The seedlings need ample water after planting. A transplantation of the plant destroys the taproot and leads to mortality. C. edulis grows slowly in the early stages, because of the buildup of the strong taproot and the small proportion in reserve proteins. Once the plants are established, they need almost no care. The plant is self-reseeding, but due to the fact that seeds are often infested by weevils and larvae or roasted in the post-harvest treatment, it is difficult to obtain viable seeds for planting. The plantation established near Voi, Kenya, is currently the sole source of germplasm.

Harvest
The yeheb seeds are usually harvested from wild plants. The recommended harvest time is in June, but in Somalia nowadays the harvest is reported to occur twice a year. This is possible if both rainy seasons occur within their normal extent and contribute enough rain for the plant. The Yeheb-Nut is mainly harvested manually by children and women, and the harvest process is described as hard work. Due to the high demand and many droughts in the last few years, the shrub is often harvested immature at an age below 3 years. The plants are often overused as the people remove all seeds at the same time.

Yield
Yeheb produces few fruits in the first three years, but it can live up to many years. The quantity of the yield increases with higher age, but also depends on the amount of rainfall. The yield is about 5–8 kg seeds. The estimated average forage production is 325–450 kg/ha.

Postharvest treatment and storage
The seeds are rarely eaten fresh by Somali children, more often they are first dried in the shade during 7–10 days and then the hard seed coat is removed. For storage, the seeds have to be roasted or boiled to prevent fungal attack, to kill insects eggs and larvae inside the seeds and to harden the seed coat. After roasting in the hot ash, which leads to yield losses due to damage of the seeds, the seeds are coated in weed ash and stored in sacks in the house for personal use or for trade at local markets at a later time. The seeds treated this way are storable for about one year. Pastoralists keep the seeds in containers out of dried and tanned camel leather, where they can be stored for many years. The firewood for roasting is often taken from the shrub, which hampers the regeneration of the population in addition to the complete removal of all the seeds.

Use
The seeds are usually consumed by local people and rarely sold in town. The demand exceeds the supply, because the plant population is declining.

Human Use

 * Food: The seeds are eaten dried, boiled, roasted or raw. Sometimes the seeds of C. edulis is the only available food for Somali nomads during droughts. The seeds are nutritious and taste sweet with a chestnut flavour after roasting. Fresh or dried seeds taste sour. Local people like its taste so there is a saying Fadhi iyo Fuud Yicibeed lays la waa”, which means: Those who remain seated and laze will not get Yihib. The raw seeds contain a considerable amount of serine protease (trypsin) inhibitors, causing nausea or stomach distress. These inhibitors are destroyed by heating during cooking or roasting.
 * Drinks: People made a tea out of the leaves or drink the sweet water in which the seeds have been boiled as a beverage.
 * Medicine: C. edulis can regulate gastric secretion. A study showed that the consumption of the plant enhances the production of erythrocytes and is therefore used as a remedy for anemia.

Forage
C. edulis is an important bee forage. Furthermore, it serves as fodder for camels, goats, sheep and cattle in dry season but the shrubs cannot withstand long-term grazing pressure. It is essential for the livestock production, especially in central Somalia and eastern Ethiopia where C. edulis can cover 85% of the good-quality feed during the dry season. During the rainy season, the animals usually avoid the plant because of its high content of tannins in the leaves (see table below). The leaf content of K, Ca, Mg, S, Ni, Cr, V and Ti is adequate. The content of N and P is low, whereas the latter is probably a consequence of the low P stock in the soil. Al and Fe content is high, probably due to dust. Also, the Ca/Mg and Ca/P ratio is too high. Overall, there could be problems to cover the demand of P, Mg, Mn and partly Zn of grazing stock by feeding only Yeheb. C. edulis can cause intestinal disorders in goats when eaten as the sole diet.

C. edulis also contains a naphthoquinone, cordeauxione (cordeauxiaquinone). It is found in the glands of the leaves and is unique for C.edulis. It is used as a red dye. If goats browse on the leaves of C. edulis, their feet become light-orange in color and their urine turn purple. As Cordeauxione makes calcium complexes, teeth of animals get orange-red and their bones pink when they eat the leaves. The pink bones are considered a sign of good meat quality in Somalia and Saudi Arabia.

Industrial Use

 * Fuel: The wood is a good firewood, also when wet.
 * Insect defence: Roasting or boiling of freshly picked seeds provide a good insect defence.
 * Industry: The red dye in the glands of the leaves can be used for dyeing textiles. The dye can also be extracted by alkaline or acid dissolver, whereas first leads to a more intense violet color.
 * Soap: Soap can be made out of the seed oil.
 * Construction timber: The wood is popular as a building material due to its resistance to termites.

Other Uses

 * Livestock fences
 * Nitrogen fixation
 * Soil conservation
 * Mulch

International trade
There is some trade between Ethiopia, Somalia and Arabia, but no quantitative information available. The Yeheb seed is suggested by many studies to have a potential market in Europe as a "dessert nut".

Pests and diseases

 * Seeds: weevils and moth larvae
 * Shrubs: rarely any insect pests

Nutritional aspects
The seeds are rich in starch, sugar, protein and fat. The Suley variety shows higher protein and fat content than the Moqley variety. Their carbohydrate and protein contents are less than those of most other legumes eaten in the Horn of Africa. However, C. edulis grows where it is impossible for the usual legumes to grow. The amino-acid composition of C.edulis is close to that of the Papilionaceae (e.g. Methionine-deficient).

The seeds of yeheb are rich in sodium, potassium and phosphorus; thus they contain a small amount of calcium and magnesium.

Both varieties contain a lot of amino acids; yeheb seeds have a high content of the essential amino acids lysine and arginine, but are deficient in tryptophan and isoleucine. Phytohaemagglutinin, a toxic lectin often present in legumes, is absent in Yeheb seeds; this is an additional nutritional advantage.

title: Cordeauxia


text: User talk:80.44.124.199

title: User talk:80.44.124.199


text:
File:AxiemeAlbum.jpg

Summary
Cover of Steve Lacy's Axieme LP.

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ

title: File:AxiemeAlbum.jpg


text:
User talk:Picapica/archive0509

French railways
Thanks for your message - I wasn't sure whether or not to use Chemin or Chemins as I had seen both, so decided to stick to Chemin for consistency. The main reason I used Chemin de Fer (capital F) was because it made its more clear where the abbreviation CF come from.

Feel free to move the pages around - you seem to know more about this than me. I only created the articles as a side-project to writing articles on SNCF locos and units (e.g. SNCF Class BB 22200). One thing I would ask is if you move the pages can you adjust the template Template:SNCF constituents? Thanks.

By the way. I really feel the SNCF page should be given its full name as a title and use SNCF as a redirect. What do you think?

Our Phellap 20:04, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, OP. Just one more ongoing project to add to my list... :) As for using the full name of the SNCF as the article title, I remain – on the principle of using the most widely used form – to be persuaded. Compare inter alia BBC. At present only de: and nl: (and not fr:, notice) use the full name, and in the case of nl: I have just had to rewrite the first sentence since whoever changed it from SNCF to Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français some time ago forgot also to change the introduction (which continued to begin "SNCF" is an abbreviation for the "Société... etc.").

 * There is also the point that state railways (in these "liberalizing" days) are increasingly being privatized but keeping the old familiar initials as a corporate identity: this is the case, for example, with EVR in Estonia, MÁV in Hungary, and VR in Finland, all of which orginally stood for words including the term "state railway(s)" though they are now limited companies. -- Picapica 11:52, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Wikimedia UK/Wikimania 2006
Hi, this is a circular to Wikipedians in Ireland to draw your attention to Wikimedia UK, where the establishment of a local Wikimedia chapter for the United Kingdom (and possibly for the Republic of Ireland) is being discussed. See the talk page, as well as the mailing list; a meetup will take place to discuss matters in London in September, for anyone who can get there. On another topic, plans are being drawn up for a UK bid for Wikimania 2006, which would be conveniently close to Ireland. On the other hand, Dublin's bid was one of the final three last year - might we bid again? --Kwekubo 04:22, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Norwegian Naming Conventions
Reverted you edit of Nidelva to River Nid, following the WikiProject Norway guidance. This guidance has an excellent basis. Attempts to Anglicize Norwegian names result in multiple variants and confusion. One of my favorites is Vågå, which is rendered in various English language texts as Vaagaa, Vaaga, Vaga, Waga and Waage. Probably better just to stick with Vågå. Williamborg 22:49, 10 September 2005 (UTC)
 * You say that you "reverted" my edit of Nidelva to River Nid, W.: by this, I take it you mean that you changed "River Nid" back to "Nidelva" (it was the text that reverted, underwent reversion). The guidance you mention may have the excellent basis you claim for it: one thing it does not have, however, is any mention of Norwegian river names (read it and see). Guidance is, in any case, just that: guidance, and not law.

 * I do not see how the translation into English of Norwegian common nouns and definite articles amounts to attempted Anglicization. The name of the river is Nid. "Nidelvan" means "the River Nid". This is no different from, say, "el río Ebro" = "the River Ebro"; the name of the river is "Ebro", and no-one would dream of saying "the River el río Ebro". This is the English-language Wikipedia and "River Nid" (or, American English: "Nid River") are the well established English-language forms.

 * As for your various renderings of Vågå, the convention of employing the most commonly used English-language form clearly indicates Vågå. Aa for å is usually historical and/or telegraphese (cf. Zuerich for Zürich). A for å is usually ignorance of the aa alternative where the typesetter does not have the å character available. The last two look like borrowings from Polish/German. -- Picapica 14:43, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Agree that the Norwegian naming conventions are light in that area. I've drafted a few thoughts. Suggest we continue this discussion on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Norway and have copied this discussion there. Looking forward to learning in discusion with you and developing a better Wikipedia. Williamborg 14:56, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Picapica/archive0509


text:
Fawcett

Fawcett may refer to:

People

 * Fawcett (surname)

English gentry family

 * Fawcett family (of Sandford Hall, of Shibden Hall, of Scaleby Castle), an English family from Yorkshire

Places

 * Fawcett, Alberta, a hamlet in Alberta, Canada

Other uses

 * Fawcett City, a fictional DC Comics city
 * Fawcett Publications, an American publishing company
 * Fawcett Comics, a division of Fawcett Publications
 * Fawcett Society, an organisation in the United Kingdom that campaigns for women's rights
 * Fawcett Stadium

title: Fawcett


text:
Talk:Conqueror (tank)

Original Info-box
I have changed the info-box to a more current one (the original is at right) and added an image of the vehicle Ian Dunster 12:28, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

!20mm and 105mm guns.

The article says that the Conqueror had a 120mm gun - which it did - but it also states that the Centurion had a 105mm - which at the time of the Conqueror, it did not. The Centurion at thast time had the 20pdr gun (about 83mm, if I recall correctly) which would have had difficulty taking on the Russian IS-3 tanks. the Conqueror was designed to support the Centurions by carrying the big 120mm gun onto the battlefield. With the arrival of the 105mm gun on the later marks of Centurion - a gun that was quite capable of driving it's APDS round through the front of an IS-3 or, indeed, any other tank of the period - the Conqueror became obsolete and was retired.

 * You're correct.--MWAK 19:19, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

The gun...
The article mentions that the gun was a US design, but does not name it. Is it safe to assume it was the M58, also used on the M103? Maury 12:27, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

It was the same weapon basic, although it was different in at least a few detail - the position of the fume extractor for example. As I have to confess to no special knowledge on this weapon I'll leave it to someone else to flesh out the details. Incidentally, have added a few details about the rotating cuploa fitted to the Conqueror - it was quite revolutionary for it's day and is definately worthy of a special mention. I have also changed the entry on the vehicles mobility somewhat. My assertation that the Conqueror had equal and sometime superior mobility to the Centurion is based on discussion with actual Conqueror veterans. None had much fondness for the machine thanks to it's mechnical unreliability, but they were universally proud of how quick the tank was cross country. Cheers, Getztashida 1725, 18 September

 * Well, the Conqueror was officially just 1 km/h slower than the Centurion? In the Dutch Army the latter tank was known as the "Old Lady" :o).--MWAK 12:35, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I am worried about the addition, actually. In general terms, all else being equal, the handling of a tank is generally a combination of three factors; the suspension system, the power to weight, and the ground pressure. In this case I'm sure that the Conqueror has less P-2-W, I'm pretty sure the suspension was similar, and I don't really know about the last one. Top speed of a vehicle, on the other hand, is essentially a function of the total power. So while it is not surprising to find that it had a similar speed as the Centurion (which had less power) I still find it very difficult to believe it could be considered similarly or even more maneuverable. And that's the way it reads now -- after saying the exact opposite only a few lines earlier! Maury 15:51, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, all else being equal a higher absolute power would of course result in a higher top speed. Power to weight ratio is essential, but I assume the Centurions the Conquerors actually worked with in the sixties were upgunned and uparmoured vehicles, with probably a lower ratio and structurally overloaded suspensions. In my experience it's often the transmission and steering system that account for much of the agility — or lack of it — in the field. And: no worries, I remember the higher agility being mentioned in Rob Griffin's Conqueror :o)--MWAK 19:29, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

 * With regard to the to suspension and ground pressure, the Conqueror has a completely different suspension system to the Centurion, consisting of eight independently sprung small wheels mounted in paired bogies. Also the track was of a diffent, wider, design to that of the Centurion.  Unfortunately I don't know the specific ground pressure of the Conqueror, but it wouldn't be all that surprising if it was the same or even slightly loower than that of the Centurion.  Getztashida 12:02, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

Combat History
I'm just wondering whether this section should be deleted entirely? It serves no real purpose, since the fact that the Conqueror never went into battle could simply be placed in the main history of the tank. The rather blunt "None" under the "Combat History" title is superfluous.Cig1705 23:39, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

 * It should be replaced with an Operational History section.--MWAK 08:17, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

120mm gun
There is an apparent conflict between this article and that on the US M103. There is another conflict within this article.

The article on the M103 states WRT the gun, "...the M103's cannon was a rifled gun firing a fixed round, ejecting a lengthy brass shell casing (34.69 inches in length for the AP rounds/Armor Piercing)[6]."

This one says, "The gun design was American, the same as used on the US M103 heavy tank; with separate charge and projectile, as would also be the case in the Chieftain that followed. The charge was not bagged but in a brass cartridge,"

OK, I do know from personal experience that the Chieftain has separate charge and projectile with no - no -case of any sort.

So...

Was the M103's gun ammo fixed (in other words, a one-piece item not designed to be taken apart) or semi-fixed, like current 105mm howitzers (which have a brass case, but the gunners remove as many bags of propellant as required before replacing the projectile)? Or is it separate like the Chieftain? Was the Conqueror's gun like the one or the other or neither?

Don't know, me, but this just doesn't ring true. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.222.246.177 (talk) 02:44, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm pretty sure that the Conqueror/M103 gun didn't use bagged charges, it was a novel implementation for the later Chieftain, and isn't mentioned about the Conqueror anywhere I can find - bagged charges, or removable bags from a cartridge would have been a notable enough to mention. Hohum (talk) 14:41, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

Main Battle Tank?
Why does the description list Conqueror as an MBT - it was very much designed as a heavy tank, and appeared before MBTs really became a class. The Centurion could arguably be called an MBT, but not the Conqueror, surely?Jellyfish dave (talk) 15:36, 6 January 2011 (UTC)

 * If we've an equally good way of categorizing as a heavy tank, then I wouldn't argue with that. Andy Dingley (talk) 15:44, 6 January 2011 (UTC)

 * The Main Battle Tank as-such really only came into existence with the up-gunning of the Centurion with the 105mm L7. The performance of this gun was so good that it effectively made the Heavy Tank as a type obsolete. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.7.147.13 (talk) 09:51, 29 October 2013 (UTC)

 * The Conqueror was intended as a 'long stop' able to destroy advancing enemy heavy tanks at long range - the relevant area being the North German Plain - before these enemy vehicles could get close enough to use their own guns on lighter NATO vehicles such as the Centurion and M48 at ranges their own guns could not effectively reply at. For this reason Conqueror had a gun of higher performance than the 20 pdr or US 90 mm.

 * Once Centurion was up-gunned with the 105 mm L7, a gun of equal, if not superior performance to the Conqueror's 120 mm, the Conqueror became effectively obsolete. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.144.50.210 (talk) 12:36, 8 August 2020 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Chieftain (tank) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 03:46, 25 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Conqueror (tank)


text:
Cho Ki-jung

 Cho Ki-Jung (June 22, 1939 – December 20, 2007) was a South Korean potter who was designated as living treasure by the Gwangju Metropolitan Government in 1986 for his achievement to revive Goryeo celadon.

Style and nature of his work
He works in traditional styles. He rediscovered how to produce blue celadons of the quality of Goryeo times.

title: Cho Ki-jung


text:
San Remo, Victoria

San Remo is a town in southern Victoria, Australia in the Gippsland region. Formed as a fishing village, its economy is now largely based on tourism. It is also notable as the town on the mainland end of the Phillip Island Bridge to Phillip Island. At the, San Remo had a population of 1,700.

It is located at the western tip of the Anderson Peninsula, 122 km south-east of Melbourne via the South Gippsland Highway, near Kilcunda and opposite Newhaven on Phillip Island.

History
The area around what is now San Remo was used for many centuries by the Bunurong people who occupied an area of the Mornington Peninsula, of the Kulin nation. George Bass explored the coast and discovered the strait separating the mainland and Van Diemen's land, together with the bay he named Western Port.

Sealers frequented the coast and Islands in the 1820s before Europeans settled the coast.

Samuel Anderson, a Scottish immigrant, in 1835 established the third permanent settlement in Victoria at Bass. Anderson had arrived in Hobart aboard the "Lang" in September 1830 and was employed as bookkeeper for Van Diemens Land Co at Circular Head Tasmania. In 1835 he left the company and sailed to Westernport, it has been suggested that the sloop "Rebecca" was purchased by Samuel and his partner/s.In 1837 his soon to be partner Robert Massie also left VDL Co and joined Samuel at Westernport. The partnership of Massie and Anderson floundered in the credit squeeze of 1842 and the partnership sold by auction all their assets to repay creditors. This appears to be the end of the partnership with Massie probably relocating to Melbourne by 1844 then meeting and marrying Eliza Armstrong in 1845 then departing to Taraville.Samuels brothers Hugh and Thomas followed him to Bass and when land was released they bought over 2000 acres centred on the Anderson area today with their homestead "Netherwood" being built on the shores of Westernport.The Anderson brothers and their descendants featured prominently in the local municipal area. Anderson Inlet at Inverloch was named after Samuel Anderson. Descendants of the Anderson family remain around San Remo to this day.

In 1797 George Bass, a naval surgeon and explorer, took a voyage in an open whaleboat to explore the coastline. It was later explored on foot in 1826 by William Hovell. Around 1840 a deepwater port was established at Griffiths Point in order to provide exports of wattle bark, farm produce and cattle, and then later coal starting in the 1870s. A township grew around this port, and brought in tourists. In 1888 the township was named San Remo after the resort town in Italy. The Post Office opened on 14 August 1873 and was renamed San Remo in 1888.

Early in the 20th Century, commercial fishing of the King George whiting came to the area, the produce being sent to Melbourne markets via railway. Since 2006 San Remo has a tidal power test facility. Installed Nereus tidal turbines dispatch power directly to national grid. In 2008 a monument to those local professional fisherman lost at sea was erected with funds provided by local businesses and Rotary. A cairn with the names of those lost at sea with a navigation light atop is a main feature. Today there is a fishing co-operative near the bridge that supplies good fresh fish, particularly the King George whiting for which the area is known.

Festivals and events
Kustom Nats in January. The San Remo Channel Challenge is held in February. San Remo Fishing Festival, Blessing of the Fleet in September. Blessing of the Bikes in October.

At 12 noon daily, the San Remo fisherman's co-operative feeds the pelicans at the jetty and gives a free public talk at the pier.

title: San Remo, Victoria


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nofingers

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 12:44, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Nofingers, Mohammed Hasfi, Muhammad Faris
Guess who? Nn vanity bandcruft that fails WP:MUSIC completely. --Blackcap | talk 12:30, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment See also the AfDs for Mohamed Syam and Zainal Shah Alam. --Blackcap | talk 12:38, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete waste of space CambridgeBayWeather 12:48, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. Cnwb 14:01, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete bandity. Closing admin: don't forget to delete the pictures, too. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  15:24, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Don't worry, I already listed them on IfD. --Blackcap | talk 04:51, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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ISM University of Management and Economics

ISM University of Management and Economics is an institution of undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate education in business, management and economics. The university serves as a centre of market analysis, executive training and academic thought.

ISM was established in Kaunas in 1999 as the first privately owned institution of management education in Lithuania. The main founders of ISM are the BI Norwegian Business School and the Norwegian Industrial and Regional Development fund. The predecessor of ISM was the Business Training Centre, an executive training institution in Lithuania.

Since 1995, when the Business Training Centre began, the intention was to contribute to the development of Lithuanian business community in providing up-to-date management knowledge. By offering executive courses, management training programs, market research, and personnel evaluation, BMC was recognized as an institution of management training and consulting in Lithuania. Now BMC is the training and consulting department at ISM.

Academics
There are six undergraduate and three graduate programs.

Undergraduate studies:
 * Business Management and Analytics;
 * Economics;
 * Economics and Politics;
 * Finance;
 * International Business and Communication;
 * Entrepreneurship and Innovation.

Graduate studies:
 * International Marketing and Management;
 * Financial Economics;
 * Innovation and Technology Management;
 * Global Leadership and Strategy;
 * Business Sustainability Management.

Executive studies:

Business Process Management
 * Financial Strategy and Management;
 * International Business
 * Human Resource Management;
 * Leadership: Power Actualisation;
 * Managerial Accounting Analysis
 * Managerial Economics
 * Marketing Strategy and Management;
 * Project Management;
 * Strategic Management;

The campus
ISM is located in the old town of Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. ISM resides in the former Vilnius Central Post Office in Gediminas Avenue. The university moved to this building in 2023.

Quality accreditation

 * EDUNIVERSAL award
 * ISM has received an award from EDUNIVERSAL that placed ISM among the 300 top world business schools. It was granted four palms and, together with 200 business schools, was grouped under the second category “TOP Business Schools”. By this score ISM takes the leading position in Lithuania and ranks among the highest in Central and East Europe.
 * International Quality Accreditation (IQA)
 * Awarded to ISM in 2006 by the Central and East European Management Development Association (CEEMAN).
 * European Credit Transfer Label (ECTS label)
 * Accreditation by the Lithuanian Centre for Quality Assessment in Higher Education
 * The group of international experts who carried out the accreditation of business and management study programmes at Lithuanian universities in 2005 accredited the business and management bachelor's and master's degree programmes of ISM University of Management and Economics without any additional conditions.
 * ISM ranks first in the Lithuanian higher education institutions rating
 * Lithuanian weekly Veidas has published a rating of higher education institutions compiled based on eight criteria: scientific and artistic activities of universities, the highest scores of academic staff and alumni activities, academic staff qualifications, the variety of fields of study, conditions for studies, a student survey, the labour market and the structure of financing. ISM University of Management and Economics collected 63.2 points out of 100, which was the highest score among private universities, and ranked second among all Lithuanian universities.


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Owen mcateer

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedied as A7 --Doc (?) 13:26, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Owen mcateer
No claim to notability.--Carabinieri 12:31, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Why? (unsigned vote by User:80.44.124.199)
 * Well, why is this article notable?--Carabinieri 12:34, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * To clarify, article-creator-who-probably-is-but-possibly-is-not-Owen-McAteer: the article doesn't tell us why Owen McAteer deserves a Wikipedia article. It's just his birthdate and location. For someone to be in Wikipedia, there has to be something noteworthy about them. Google indicates that Owen McAteer is a reporter for the Newcastle Evening Chronicle, which isn't notable enough, and even if it was, this isn't the same Owen McAteer, because this Owen McAteer is only nineteen. Sorry, guy. Delete. DS 12:47, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Isn't this a speedy criteria now? Sonic Mew | talk to me 13:22, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * In fact, looking at the article history, it was marked as such, but the tag was removed by Sonic Mew | talk to me 13:24, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * ...and while I was wrting that, it was speedied anyway! Sonic Mew | talk to me 13:25, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm getting faster --Doc (?) 13:26, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Axieme

Axieme is a live album by the saxophonist Steve Lacy. It was released in 1975 on Red Records. Although not labelled on the LP or CD releases, the album contains solo tracks of Steve Lacy's compositions "Deadline", "The New Duck", "Tao (Suite)", "Coastline" and "The Crust".

Track listing
All compositions by Steve Lacy.
 * 1) "Axieme, Pt. 1 & 2" - 24:01
 * 2) "Axieme, Pt. 3 & 4" - 25:09

Personnel

 * Steve Lacy - soprano saxophone

title: Axieme


text:
Trickle-up economics

Trickle-up economics (also known as bubble-up economics) is an economic policy proposition that final demand among a broad population can stimulate national income in an economy. The trickle-up effect states that policies that directly benefit lower income individuals will boost the income of society as a whole, and thus those benefits will "trickle up" throughout the population. It is the opposite of trickle-down economics.

Relationship to trickle-down economics
Trickle-down economics, as a term, is in much more frequent and broad use than "trickle-up". The term "trickle-down" is used by critics of economic policies to say that those policies favor wealthy individuals or large corporations over the middle and lower classes. In recent history, the term has been used broadly by critics of supply-side economics. Major US examples of what critics have called "trickle-down economics" include the Reagan tax cuts, the Bush tax cuts, and the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Major UK examples include the tax cut policies of Margaret Thatcher, the economic policies of Friedrich Hayek, and Liz Truss's mini-budget tax cuts of 2022.

To juxtapose competing economic and political ideas with so called "trickle down" policies, the terms trickle up and bottom up have been used. For example, the principle behind the Obama administration's actions was referred to as trickle-up economics, but the term bottom-up economics was also used. Biden's American Rescue Plan was also referred to as trickle up. Accompanying labeling differed from most trickle down labels in that both Obama's and Biden's approaches were characterized as spending heavy programs, rather than tax cuts in any particular tax bracket. At the same time, some criticisms of Obama's economic policy were labeled trickle up.

Application in policy
The principle behind Obama administration's actions was referred to as trickle-up economics, but the term bottom-up economics was also used for it. On February 17, 2009, President Obama signed into law the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), a $787 billion economic stimulus package aimed at helping the economy recover from the deepening worldwide recession. The act included increased federal spending for health care, infrastructure, education, various tax breaks and incentives, and direct assistance to individuals. Almost all Democrats supported this measure, while only a few Senate Republicans supported the law.

The CBO (Congressional Budget Office) estimated that the ARRA would positively impact the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and employment, with primary impact between 2009 and 2011. It projected an increase in the GDP of between 1.4 and 3.8% by late 2009, 1.1 and 3.3% by late 2010, and 0.4 and 1.3% by late 2011, as well as a decrease of between zero and 0.2% beyond 2014. The impact to employment would be an increase of 0.8 million to 2.3 million by last-2009, an increase of 1.2 million to 3.6 million by late 2010, an increase of 0.6 million to 1.9 million by late 2011, and declining increases in subsequent years.

title: Trickle-up economics


text:
Ray Warren

Raymond Warren (born 11 June 1943) is an Australian retired sports commentator, known for his coverage of televised professional rugby league matches on the Nine Network. He is known as the "Voice of Rugby League", and called 99 State of Origin games as well as 45 NRL Grand Finals. Warren also used to call Australian swimming team events and the FINA World Championships until Nine lost the rights to these events in 2008 and in 2012 participated in Nine's coverage of the London Olympics.

Career
Born in Junee, New South Wales on 11 June 1943 of English descent, Warren initially followed in the footsteps of his brother by joining the police force. He initially joined the NSW Police Cadets on 5 December 1960 and then transferred to the ACT Police in Canberra in 1964. Warren served a total of three years in the ACT Police. It was during his stint in uniform he got a phone call as a result of all the door-knocking he had done at various radio stations as a teenager. Warren took the job offered to him at 2LF Young, New South Wales as a sales representative, trotting commentator and rugby league commentator, which started his career in broadcasting.

He began commentating on television through the Amco Cup on Channel Ten with Keith Barnes in 1974. In 1980, Ten approached Warren to call the Melbourne Cup, the first of three Cups he called for the network. He also became Network Ten's chief Rugby League caller in 1983. In 1984 he was to head up Ten's commentary for the Los Angeles Olympics but refused to take the mission. As a nervous flyer, Warren had grave reservations about the trans-Pacific haul and suddenly realised he could not get onto the plane. In 1986, Warren was fired by the network, primarily because it wanted to replace him as its chief rugby league commentator with former international player Rex Mossop.

Over the next six years, Warren also called horse races. In 1988 he was recruited by the Nine Network to commentate on the 1988 Rugby League World Cup final and the 1989 state of origin series alongside Darrell Eastlake, Michael Cronin, Jack Gibson,and Balmain Tigers coach Warren Ryan, 1989 Trans-Tasman test series alongside Darrell Eastlake again and Jack Gibson and to be part of its team to broadcast swimming at the 1990 Commonwealth Games with Norman May. The television rights for rugby league were bought by Nine for the 1991 State of Origin Series, 1992 season and onwards and he has been calling the game for them ever since. Warren has gradually overcome his fear of flying, though he does still have some fear as evidenced by a well publicised helicopter flight to a game on the Gold Coast in 2012 made necessary due to a delayed flight from Sydney to the Gold Coast. Overcoming his fear has seen him travel to New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Japan and Canada for the network's swimming or rugby league coverage.

Ray Warren is known for his passionate commentary (often getting into good-natured arguments with fellow commentator Phil Gould about a player or the rules of rugby league during games), and has often been parodied by The Twelfth Man. His voice has become synonymous with important rugby league matches in Australia, and he is renowned for his proficient ability to take over from fellow-commentators when anything interesting happens on the field.

Previously, Warren also worked on Triple M Sydney on the Saturday morning sports show Dead Set Legends with Greg Matthews, Mike Whitney and Russell Barwick. The other members of the Dead Set Legends included Michael Slater, Rebecca Wilson, Richard Freedman and Dan Ginnane, as well being a semi-regular host of 'The Rush Hour' with Dan Ginnane.

Warren was the footy-tip guru with Newcastle's radio station NXFM on the Steve and Kim (& Damo!) Morning Breakfast Talk Show (until the show was cancelled on 26-Oct-2012).

Warren is also a contributor on Melbourne's Sport 927.

On 6 August 2011, a bronze statue of Warren was erected in his hometown of Junee.

In August 2019, Warren was inducted into the National Rugby League Hall of Fame.

The 2021 NRL Grand Final would be Warren's final game as commentator after announcing his retirement on 1 June 2022.

In 2022, Warren provided mock commentary for a fictional State of Origin match between Queensland and New South Wales in an episode of children's animated series Bluey.

Personal life
Ray Warren and his wife, Cher, live in the Sydney suburb of Castle Hill with their daughter, Holly. One of their sons, Chris, works for 2GB Sydney on their NRL coverage and Fox Sports News. Ray was once the chief commentator in an early 1990s Western Suburbs Magpies match that Chris played in. The Warrens' other son, Mark, is a broadcaster, actor, voice actor, MC, presenter and auctioneer.

Warren's own personal sporting achievements include playing wing for the Quirindi Grasshoppers, and also playing Tony Roche in a tennis match.

title: Ray Warren


text:
Kemp Peninsula

Kemp Peninsula (-73.13333°N, -60.25°W) is an irregular ice-covered peninsula 26 nmi long in a north–south direction and 5 to 12 nmi wide. The peninsula rises gently to 305 m and projects east between the heads of Mason Inlet and Mossman Inlet, on the east coast of Palmer Land, Antarctica.

Location
The Kemp Peninsula is on the Lassiter Coast of southern Palmer Land, beside the Weddell Sea to the east. Mason Inlet is to the north, fed by Clowes Glacier. The coastal ice sheet extends north from Mason Inlet to Cape Herdman, at the south of the mouth of Violante Inlet. The northern point of the peninsula is Cape Mackintosh. The Wegener Range is to the east. Cape Deacon is near the southern point. Mossman Inlet is to the south, just north of New Bedford Inlet and east of Mount Pawson and Mohn Peaks on the mainland.

Discovery and name
Kemp Peninsula was first seen from the air in December 1940 by members of the United States Antarctic Service (USAS), who at that time photographed all but its northern extremity. During 1947 it was photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), who in conjunction with the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) charted it from the ground. It was named by the FIDS for Stanley W. Kemp, a British marine biologist and oceanographer, first Director of Research of the Discovery Investigations, 1924–36, and Director of the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, 1936–45.

Clowes Glacier
-72.93333°N, -60.68333°W. A glacier 2 nmi wide, which flows east to enter Mason Inlet. Discovered and photographed from the air in December 1940 by the US AS. During 1947 it was photographed from the air by the RARE under Ronne, who in conjunction with the FIDS charted it from the ground. Named by the FIDS for Archibald J. Clowes.

Mason Inlet
-72.95°N, -60.41667°W. Ice-filled inlet which recedes 15 nmi southwest between Cape Mackintosh and the coastline south of Cape Herdman, along the east coast of Palmer Land. First seen and photographed from the air in December 1940 by members of the USAS. During 1947 the inlet was photographed from the air by the RARE, who in conjunction with the FIDS charted it from the ground. Named by the FIDS for D.P. Mason, their surveyor on the joint British-American sledge journey during the charting of this coast in 1947.

Cape Mackintosh
-72.83333°N, -59.9°W. A low, ice-covered cape forming the north tip of Kemp Peninsula and the east entrance point to Mason Inlet. Probably first seen by members of the USAS who photographed a portion of Kemp Peninsula while exploring this coast from the air in December 1940. During 1947 the cape was photographed by the RARE, which in conjunction with the FIDS surveyed it from the ground. Named by the FIDS after Neil A. Mackintosh (1900–74), British marine biologist, oceanographer, and authority on Antarctic whales; member of DI scientific staff from 1924 and Chief Scientific Officer, 1929–49; Deputy Director, National Institute of Oceanography (now Institute of Oceanographic Sciences), 1949-61.

Cape Deacon
-73.23333°N, -59.83333°W. An ice-covered cape forming the southeast tip of Kemp Peninsula. Probably first seen by members of the United States Antarctic Service (USAS) who photographed a portion of Kemp Peninsula while exploring this coast from the air in December 1940. During 1947 the cape was photographed from the air by members of the RARE, who in conjunction with the FIDS charted it from the ground. Named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) after George E.R. Deacon (1906–84), English oceanographer and member of the Discovery Investigations staff, 1927–39; Director of the National Institute of Oceanography, 1949-71.

Jeffries Bluff
-73.3°N, -60.21667°W. The ice-covered south point of Kemp Peninsula on the Lassiter Coast. The feature was photographed from the air by the USAS in December 1940, surveyed by the joint RARE-FIDS sledge party in November 1947 and rephotographed by the United States Navy, 1965-67. In association with Cape Deacon to the northeast, named by the UK-APC in 1981 after Margaret Elsa Jeffries (Mrs. George Deacon), a member of the staff of the Discovery Committee, about 1930.

Mossman Inlet
-73.28333°N, -60.53333°W. Narrow ice-filled inlet which recedes north 10 nmi between Cape Kidson and the southwest end of Kemp Peninsula. This inlet was first seen and photographed from the air in December 1940 by the USAS. During 1947 it was photographed from the air by the RARE under Ronne, who in conjunction with the FIDS charted it from the ground. Named by the FIDS for Robert C. Mossman, 1870-1940, British meteorologist and climatologist and member of the ScotNAE under Bruce, 1902-04.

Mount Pawson
-73.16667°N, -61.01667°W. A mountain 7 nmi southeast of Mohn Peaks. First mapped by the FIDS-RARE joint sledge party of 1947-48. Remapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1961-67. Named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for David L. Pawson, biologist with the Palmer Station-Eastwind Expedition, summer 1965-66.

Mohn Peaks
-73.11667°N, -61.25°W. Two ice-covered peaks, the northern and southern 1,275 m high and 1,230 m high, respectively, standing 9 nmi west-southwest of the head of Mason Inlet. First seen and photographed from the air in December 1940 by the USAS. During 1947 the peaks were photographed from the air by the RARE under Finn Ronne, who in conjunction with the FIDS charted them from the ground. Named by the FIDS for Henrik Mohn.

title: Kemp Peninsula


text:
User:Ftata

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title: User:Ftata


text: Category:Hungarian dramatists and playwrights


text:
User:Vellayappan

Interests
ta:%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D:Vellayappan de:Benutzer:Vellayappan

title: User:Vellayappan


text:
John Hayes (Tasmanian politician)

John Blyth Hayes (21 April 1868 – 12 July 1956) was an Australian politician who served as a Senator for Tasmania from 1923 to 1947. He was President of the Senate from 1938 to 1941. Before entering federal politics, he had been a member of the Parliament of Tasmania from 1913 to 1923 and served as Premier of Tasmania for almost exactly one year, from 1922 to 1923.

Early life
Hayes was born on 21 April 1868 in Bridgewater, Tasmania. He was the son of Elizabeth (née Blyth) and Joshua John Hayes, his father being a farmer. His grandfather John Hayes was a Tasmanian member of parliament in the 1860s. Hayes was educated by his mother, but little else is known of his early life. He participated in the Western Australian gold rushes, and eventually became the manager of an ore-reduction facility and cyanide works at Wiluna. In about 1906 he returned to Tasmania and took up a property at Scottsdale. He married his cousin Laura Linda Blyth on 22 January 1907. Her brother Ernest Blyth was also a member of parliament.

State politics
Hayes was elected president of the North-Eastern Agricultural and Pastoral Association in 1911 and secretary of the Scottsdale Board of Agriculture in 1912. He was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly at the 1913 state election, running as a Liberal in Bass with the support of the farming community. In September 1915, Hayes was elected deputy leader of the opposition under Walter Lee. The Liberals formed a government after the 1916 state election, and subsequently adopted the name of the federal Nationalist Party formed after the Australian Labor Party split of 1916.

With Lee as premier, Hayes served as Minister for Lands and Works (1916–1919), Minister for Works (1919–1923), and Minister for Agriculture (1916–1923). He was also in charge of the Hydro-Electric Department. He won praise for his handling of the agriculture portfolio and for his work in the area of soldier settlement. In 1921, he was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG).

The Nationalists were reduced to a minority government at the 1922 state election, due to the success of the newly formed Country Party led by Hayes' brother-in-law Ernest Blyth. Lee did not enjoy the support of the Country Party and resigned as premier in August 1922. With the support of Blyth, Hayes replaced him as state premier on 14 August and formed a coalition, the first in the state's history. He inherited a government heavily in debt, but was unable to resolve the situation and was criticised for inaction. He resigned as premier on 16 August 1923, after just after a year in office.

Federal politics
After losing the premiership, Hayes nominated to fill the casual vacancy caused by the death of Senator Thomas Bakhap. He was elected only narrowly, beginning his term on 12 September 1923. He won election in his own right at the 1925 federal election, and then was elected to full six-year terms in 1928, 1934, and 1940. He joined the United Australia Party (UAP) with the rest of the Nationalists upon its formation in 1931.

In the Senate, Hayes concentrated on rural issues and Tasmanian matters. He served on the Joint Committee of Public Accounts from 1926 to 1932, including for a period as chairman. He was elected President of the Senate on 1 July 1938, becoming the first Tasmanian to hold the position. His election meant that the positions of President of the Senate, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Prime Minister were all held by Tasmanians (George John Bell being the incumbent speaker and Joseph Lyons the incumbent prime minister).

Hayes faced several motions of dissent in the early days of his presidency, but his rulings later achieved widespread acceptance. He lost his position in unusual circumstances on 1 July 1941, when the Senate elected at the 1940 election convened for the first time. Although the government had a nominal majority in the Senate, Allan MacDonald had been taken ill and Keith Wilson was absent overseas on military duty. This allowed the ALP candidate James Cunningham to tie with Hayes. Cunningham's name was subsequently drawn at random in accordance with the standing rules of the Senate.

Final years
Hayes did not recontest his seat at the 1946 election and he was 79 years old at the expiration of his term on 30 June 1947. He retired to Launceston where he died on 12 July 1956. He was granted a state funeral and buried at Carr Villa Cemetery.

title: John Hayes (Tasmanian politician)


text: Category:Schools in Croatia

title: Category:Schools in Croatia


text:
Frank Hugh O'Donnell

Frank Hugh O'Donnell (also Frank Hugh O'Cahan O'Donnell), born Francis Hugh MacDonald (9 October 1846 – 2 November 1916) was an Irish writer, journalist and nationalist politician.

Early life
O'Donnell was born in an army barracks in Devon, England, where his father, Sergeant Bernard MacDonald, was stationed. His mother, Mary Kain, was a native of Ballybane, close to Galway city in Ireland. He was educated at the Erasmus Smith School in Galway, Coláiste Iognáid (the "Jes"), and later enrolled in Queen's College Galway, where he studied English literature, history and political economy. While a student at the college, he acquired a considerable reputation as an orator, and was a frequent contributor to meetings of the college's Literary and Debating Society, of which he became vice-auditor for the 1864–1865 session.

Even in his student days, O'Donnell seems to have been quick to voice his opinions, and revelled in controversy. In November 1866, addressing the Literary and Debating Society on the question "Was the character of Warren Hastings as Governor-General of India praiseworthy?", O'Donnell caused uproar by denouncing "the principle and the system which have lain at the root of the international and intercolonial policy of England, from the days when Elizabeth, the Infamous, chartered for profit two of the first ships which opened the African slave trade...". His remarks caused the chairman of the meeting, Professor Thomas Moffett, to prevent O'Donnell from continuing his speech, stating that "such an epithet ought not to be applied to any predecessor of our present gracious Queen." O'Donnell regarded such action as an unwarranted restriction on his freedom of speech, and in a letter published in the local press gave an early example of his high-flown literary style:

"I hold that Debating Societies are the nurseries of independent thought, and the training schools of sober criticism. I believe in the power and impartiality of an enlightened studenthood ... I have followed the mind of Austin. I have sat at the feet of Cairnes. I have drunk of the philosophy of Mill. I claim for Judicial Science, for Economic Science, for the Philosophy of History, a place in the discussions of our society, I pity and I scorn the formidable confederacy of fools who dare not call a spade a spade."

This incident, combined with the reluctance of the society to prevent O'Donnell from addressing its meetings, eventually led to the suspension of the society from the Queen's College and its temporary migration to rooms in the city of Galway.

O'Donnell graduated from the Queen's College with an M.A. degree in 1868, winning several gold medals for his academic performance. By this stage, he had begun to style himself 'Frank Hugh O'Donnell', believing himself to be a descendant of Hugh O'Donnell, Earl of Tyrconnell.

Leaving Galway, O'Donnell moved to London, where he embarked on a career in journalism, following his college contemporary T. P. O'Connor. O'Connor's knowledge of modern European languages had helped him to establish himself as a correspondent on European affairs, and he assisted O'Donnell in developing a similar reputation; he spent a brief period on the staff of the London Morning Post.

Politics
In the 1874 general election, he was elected Member of Parliament for Galway, but was unseated by the courts in what appears to have been a politically inspired judgment which used certain unsavoury campaigning tactics in which O'Donnell had indulged as its basis. He was succeeded in the seat by his election agent, Dr Michael Francis Ward, who was himself succeeded in 1880 by T.P. O'Connor – in an unusual succession, all three had been either auditor or vice-auditor of the Queen's College Literary and Debating Society in the same era.

In 1875, he was a founding member of the Constitutional Society of India, a group promoting political autonomy for India. In 1877, O'Donnell secured a more permanent election to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom as MP for Dungarvan, County Waterford; he held the seat until 1885, when the constituency was abolished. He struck a colourful and controversial figure in parliament and became renowned for his declamatory speech-making. He was a prominent obstructionist and claimed credit for inventing the tactic of obstructionism which was to yield such results for the Home Rule League under Charles Stewart Parnell. Indeed, O'Donnell saw himself as a natural leader and became disillusioned when Parnell was selected in May 1880 to succeed William Shaw as leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party. He called the British 'Imperial pirates' and inaugurated the Constitutional Society of India. Its aim was Home Rule for India, 'Mr O'Donnell's grand passion in politics was a confederation of all the discontented races of the Empire under the lead of the Irish party. He once brought down some scores of dusky students of all the races and creeds of Hindustan to the House of Commons.'

Parnell refused to let O'Donnell be nominated in 1885. He left the Irish Parliamentary Party and conventional politics, but not its general aims of promoting home rule and tenant farmers' rights. His last and perhaps most important contribution to the fortunes of the party was the libel case he launched against the Times in 1888 over the series "Parnellism and Crime"; though the case was lost, it resulted in the establishment of the Parnell Commission which exonerated Parnell from condoning the Phoenix Park Murders, and exposed the Piggott Forgeries.

Author
In his later years O'Donnell began investigating misconduct by both the British Civil Service and the Roman Catholic church in Ireland. His Paraguay on Shannon (1908) is an amusing but serious critique of unethical practices by the Catholic clergy in local politics, education, and their involvement in the Congested Districts Board that was financed by Parliament in order to improve the depressed economy of western Ireland. Parliament believed that by improving the living standards of the Irish peasant class, they could "kill Home Rule with kindness."

After careful investigation, O'Donnell accused members of the Catholic clergy of illegally diverting Government money earmarked for economic development into new Cathedrals, parish churches, and other ecclesiastical building projects. O'Donnell argued that the British Government needed to provide better oversight of how the Congested Districts Board's funds were being used. He believed that 'in Ireland material ruin has accompanied clerical despotism'. His hostility to the Church drew the ire of Catholic historians who systematically undermined his credibility.

Belfort Bax wrote [O'Donnell's] 'matter is better than his manner'.

Publications

 * A History of the Irish Parliamentary Party (2 vols), London, Longmans Green & Co., 1910
 * Paraguay on Shannon Hodges & Figgis, Dublin, 1908.

title: Frank Hugh O'Donnell


text: User talk:70.107.198.69

title: User talk:70.107.198.69