text:
Talk:Street food

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 27 August 2019 and 18 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Lizzyczyz, Kellyyyyy123.

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Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 27 January 2020 and 12 May 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Peer reviewers: Abah417.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 10:17, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Too many Asia photos?
I live in China, so I'm not complaining, but street food is popular around the world. Are there usable photos of street food stalls located in other continents? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.9.250.6 (talk) 06:41, 8 April 2013 (UTC)

List or article?
Reads like a split-personality; is it a list or an article? Viriditas (talk) 12:17, 17 March 2011 (UTC)

Hi, I added information about the limit of healthy food provided by these vendors. MaiyaBarkerMaiyabarker (talk) 00:06, 19 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Agree. It was mainly a list of street foods around the world - so I split off the list into List of street food. This article should deal with the general history, nature and concerns, etc about street food. Some examples from around the world will be appropriate, so a few sourced paragraphs in the "Street food around the world" would now be needed.  SilkTork  *YES! 10:03, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

 * This article should be deleted, and the "List of street foods" article should be retitled "Street food." As it stands, the current article has a good chance at "Worst article status", if there were such a thing. 74.102.164.44 (talk) 07:53, 20 January 2012 (UTC)

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I edited around The World part because I didn't know that what is spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles. So I added more information falafel and Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles. KellyKellyyyyy123 (talk) 04:03, 25 November 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:38, 2 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Maxresdefault-150.jpg

Hello Editors and Wikipedians, I read the article and found few editing errors. I added two requested citations. The article reads well. Thank you for the opportunity.Surfwater (talk) 03:20, 4 January 2021 (UTC)

Food
Something like rare 2405:204:8007:7959:F624:A320:CCBD:B6AF (talk) 09:11, 29 April 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Research Process and Methodology - FA22 - Sect 200 - Thu
— Assignment last updated by Luciuszlt (talk) 18:51, 20 November 2022 (UTC)

"Food street" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Food_street&redirect=no Food street] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Jay 💬 06:35, 1 April 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Street food


text:
John Casey

John Casey may refer to:
 * John Casey (academic) (born 1939), British academic and writer for The Daily Telegraph
 * John Casey (Chuck), fictional character portrayed by Adam Baldwin on the television show Chuck
 * John Casey (commentator) (born 1964), Australian journalist and sports broadcaster
 * John Casey (footballer) (fl. 1935–1941), Dumbarton FC player
 * John Casey (mathematician) (1820–1891), Irish geometer
 * John Casey (politician) (1823–1893), Newfoundland politician
 * John Casey (novelist) (born 1939), American novelist and translator
 * John Casey (rugby league), rugby league footballer of the 1920s and 1930s
 * John J. Casey (1875–1929), Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
 * John Casey (climate change author), American author
 * John Casey (Australian convict) (died 1882), Irish rebel transported to Australia in 1826
 * John Keegan Casey (1846–1870), Irish poet, orator and republican
 * John Sears Casey (born 1930), member of the Alabama House of Representatives
 * Captain John C. Casey (19th century), who gave his name to Fort Casey in Florida
 * Jack Casey (John Casey, born 1935), member of the New Jersey General Assembly

title: John Casey


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tornado tornado

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete Wikibofh 17:27, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Tornado tornado
nominated for speedy as 'Nonsense, and what little non-nonsense there is already exists under Tornado' but that's not meeting CSD. -Doc (?) 00:22, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete ridiculous nonsense. --Hoovernj 01:09, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge/Revise The article does not conform to neutral reporting standards; however, undoubtably some of the information is "good," and it could probably be rewritten and merged with the existing entry for "Tornado." This may have potential to make a meaninful contribution to the subject. --Malecasta 03:47, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to target Tornado. There is some good info, in particular some images. Then what to do with Tornado tornado? It should be deleted but it's contributions should not disappear, either. --RichG 04:13, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * P.S. More careful review reveals not much salvagable, photos unsourced, so probably delete.--RichG 11:55, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete source is dubious. All of the images are unsourced and untagged. --Rogerd 04:54, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge if sources can be confirmed, which I doubt, as much looks plagiarised from uncited sources; otherwise, delete. - Sensor 05:36, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree with Rogerd.  Some nice photos if they could be sourced.  The information is not in a readily usable format and an article on tornadoes exists already.--Gaff 06:58, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge Try to trace photos and see if they are usable. Ganymead 14:45, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge, some useful information. Trollderella 16:13, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge With Tornado especially the Photos. If photos have no source Delete --JAranda | watz sup 19:46, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. All the information here is already in tornado, and I suspect some sections of this article (and especially some of the pictures) are copyvios. --Carnildo 21:52, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nonsense --Doc (?) 21:59, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think there is anything that can be sensibly merged so Delete.
 * Comment: I think I found the source of much of the text and photos, which is . That is an uncopyrighted U.S. government work, so it's not a copyvio, but most of the article is a just a copy-paste from NOAA; I don't see the point in keeping it. Any information of interest could be added to Tornado, but that's already a perfectly good article as is. MCB 20:37, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * delete / copyvio there is some non copyright and original material in there (probably has put in very much good faith work, which it is terrible to lose) but the original edit and material which is still in the article are actually copied from The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition.  2001-05.  This makes it a copyvio ("Copyright © 2001-05 Columbia University Press.").  I have listed it on the appropriate page.  However, I vote delete anyway, since such unclearly sourced material is bad even if it turns out that we could get away with keeping it.  The original edit should have given the source clearly.  Mozzerati 20:01, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Pasha Abd

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

and Salaam Aleikum, Pasha. (Or... wait, no, that's Arabic, and you speak Farsi. Hm. Well. You know what I mean, right?) Hope to see good work from you. DS 00:22, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Tarkhan and other mysteries
Pash, got your post to my talk page. I really thought and researched the word "Tarkhan". Originally, this is what I came up with, after quite some digging, for Tarkhan:

 * An ancient Egyptian archelogical site.
 * The carpenter caste in the Sikh religion. (?)

I thought about what you wanted and it didn't relate to Russian cartoons. And then, Bam! I got it. It was Tarkan you were looking for (no h!). Tarkan or, actually, tarakan (Russ. таракан) is Russian for cockroach. I don't have any sources for Russian cartoons, though I do have some friends in Moscow who might know more. For now, enjoy this:

 * http://www.wellesley.edu/Russian/cartoons101.html
 * http://www.amazon.com/gp/richpub/listmania/fullview/3NRY3JW74DVMZ/102-4033239-4379344?%5Fencoding=UTF8

In other news, if you want me to clean-up or edit any of your Sufi articles, let me know.

Bye for now, Thadswanek

Oh, Thank you so much friend! you helped alot.Pasha 22:19, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

Abusaeid Abolkheir
I have just read this article. Thank you for your nice work, I hope to read more soon. Cheers, Sam Spade 03:15, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Thank you so much!Pasha Abd 15:18, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Nice Work
Its a pleasure to see you start Esoteric interpretation of Qur'an. Hopefully, when I have time , I will be adding stuff there. For a long time editting Sufism felt like talking to myself. Good to see a person who is knowledgeable & dedicated.

Eid mubarak & best wishes. F.a.y. تبادله خيال /c 19:18, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

Thank you so mych F.a.y, I feel sure we can do some good wrok together , for a start I have never been a member of a Sufi tradition and so can not have certain information that you have.Eid Mobarak! Pasha Abd 19:31, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

Btw I have some questions about practical Sufism which are not related to wikipedia, I would be very happy to be able to discuss them with you.Pasha Abd 19:34, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Well for a start I havent been officially a member of any Sufi tradition either . I havebeen associated with a sufi order, & I started reading sufism very early age ( around 8-10 years ) . So I am able to know somethings that arnt very much availabe on media . I will be delighted to answer your questions ( if I am able too ) . F.a.y. تبادله خيال /c 19:44, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

 * One more thing, sorry if I seem to be interfering with your personal choices , but if you are a muslim , its better to have muslim category on your talk page . That makes it easy to talk to all muslims or people who are interested in Islam related articles , at the same time without searching much . F.a.y. تبادله خيال /c 19:44, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

Conference of the Birds
I don't know; I'd have to see the excerpt first to make that decision. Why not e-mail it to me, through the "e-mail this user" link on my talk page? DS 01:29, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

Esoteric interpretation of the Qur'an
Hey, I just want to let you know that I moved your page to add the definite article ('the') since that is more standard. Also, I have not read the page but the lack of references worries me a little. Once I read it I will comment on it at some point, however, you need to cite your reliable sources so that it can't be taken as original research. I also haven't seen you around before, so welcome! gren グレン 07:10, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

Hey, I read it... and, well, a lot of it really need to be cited. Can you help by giving us the sources you used to write this? gren グレン 07:25, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

Thank you, I can cite the sources , but most of the sources I used are actually books in Persian and Arabic , I am not sure but its possible that some of them are not translated to English.I shall try to cite references to reliable sites , but some of them will be in Arabic.Pasha 16:56, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

I added some English and Arabic citations plus references to relevant sources, please take a look and if citations seem appropriate remove the unreferenced tag.Pasha 20:00, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

Also, I feel sure about the factual accuracy of what exists in the article for now , but I admit that it needs to be extensively expanded due to vastness of the subject,I hope other editor will notice the article and help.Pasha 05:18, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I am not well versed in this subject but I thank you for your efforts to start citing it all. I have removed the unreferenced tag beacuse it's definitely not unreferenced, but it's also not fully referenced yet.  One thing, could you separate "references" from "external links".  References should be items that you have cited in the paper and you can use some indication of this through footnotes.  External links (or further reading if you can link good books) would be ohter articles that you have not used in the creation of the article but are related.  Separating those two would make it easier for other users to do fact checking and to check out all of the references.  Also, I noticed one link in Arabic... if at all possible it's better to give English references since most of us don't speak Arabic, but, if you have none that will do.

 * One thing I have questioned is, what makes Sufi interpretations exactly "esoteric". Does it just mean that you are chronicling uncommon interpretations, or is there something (some source most specifically) that binds these all together as esoteric.  What makes this title better than Uncommon interpretations of the Qur'an, Mystical interpretations of the Qur'an or Alternative interpretations of the Qur'an?  Granted all of those could be called subjective as well.  Just a curiosity, as I said I need to look into this more but, I want to congratulate you on a great effort in starting this.  Also, if you could just be careful with your typing in the article... like, one space after periods between sentences and no spaces between a comma and the word.  It's not a big deal but it's just the standard type style we use. gren グレン 07:21, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Thank you, I did my best to cite English sources , but in two cases I could not find any reference except in Arabic because the subject was a little unusual or technical.I used esoteric as opposed to exoteric I guess it is a near translation of the words manifest and inner that Sufis originally use , the use of the term in English is very common by not a definite standard.What makes them esoteric is that they are presented using ones own mystic knowledge (e.g. reported seeing of the meaning of a verse in a vision or unveiling to the heart )and not simply through intellectual analysis.I actually had doubts between choosing mystic interpretation or esoteric interpretation but chose the latter because it could cover Shi'a Imams and Isma'ili interpretations which are defintely esoteric.I think Alternative interpretations cover a wider range like some very radical interpretations of some muslims , interpreting Qur'an according to a definite political ideology and attempts to extract knowledge of prophecies from the Qur'an using computer etc.Three of the links in Reference section are cited in the article , one is not and I shall move that external links , thank you for mentioning these , and sorry for those errors , I do not feel easy with this software yet.Pasha 14:32, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

The words esoteric and mystic are frequently confused with each other and taken to mean simply spiritual but as far as I know, an esoteric statement is concerned with a spiritual knowledge e.g "The human soul has four levels which are associated with four words etc" while a mystic statement is concerned with a different spiritual understanding or wisdom , like transcendent unity of all things , a definite charactristic of mysticism is statements that can not be fully understood through analysis e.g. "The universe is nothing save God but God is not one with the universe" .I agree that Sufism is primarily mystic but it has many esoteric aspects ,esoteric, I shall try to create a spin off page for Sufi interpretation , because many Sufi interpretation are conventional or moderately different from that, in the article unconventional aspects were highlighted.Btw I think esoteric interpretations are different from other unconventional interpretations in two aspects first ,not conflicting usual interpretations because they are presented as additional spiritual meanings not as substitues for other interpretations and also the fact that they are traditionaly accepted as valid Islamic thoughts.If you feel that the word esoteric has negative implications or implies that these interpretations are odd things and outside an Islamic framework , we can replace it with perhaps , "mystical" , because Sufi interpretations are aspects of spirituality of Islam and there is nothing unusual or negative in them .Even such a celeberated work like Masnavi by Rumi contains so many Sufi interpretations, just look at its introduction .Pasha 05:38, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Hi there
Hello, I dont much about her other tyan some basic information, but I know about Baal quite good. Carthage: A History could give a good insight to this semitic deity. Amir85 05:14, 10 November 20005 (UTC)

Thank you, my interest in her comes from the idea proposed by some experts that she is the only principal female deity known in history but like you I only know some basics about her.I shall try to find the book you mentioned.Pasha 13:08, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Enjoy
Dude, youre cool. Carry on.--Zereshk 04:01, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

Thanks!Pasha 04:24, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

Re-sufism
Well actually at the moment I am extremely busy with a lot of things in my life ( as evident on my user page...I am on vacation ). I think somethings should be modified here & there, but I wont be able to do it uptil january. I have got your mail, & for the same reason I am not able to respond to it. I will when I get time. Thanks for your responce. Farhansher 09:54, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

Thanks, I just meant that I just tried to do my best , I am quite open to criticism , I apreciate that your busy and for the same reason I didnt answer your email.I hope to talk more with you when you have time.Pasha 10:33, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

Women in Islam
Hey, I reverted because, much of it was repeating the same thing in another way... and the language used (especially in the first section) was worse. It was also not sourced in any way but said "scholars say" which is very vague and it does differ. It also asserts "Islamic law says" which is the kind of thing that is really bad when unsourced because there are so many variations and it makes it seem like there is one Islamic law... which, is of course untrue. The spacing and everything was very off as well. Having spaces then a comma then the next word and all. We have to know where this is coming from before it can be of any use really... that was my opinion. Do you agree or disagree or what? It really needs to be sourced and not have "Islam says" kind of writing... gren グレン 00:44, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

You might find this book interesting... it's an old far from neutral orientalist work... but, it might provide some interesting case studies for 100 years ago. gren グレン 00:44, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Look at http://www.muhammadanism.org/Books/default.htm for all kinds of old orientalist books... they're going to be biased (the site is Christian missionary site basically) but they might have some interesting things... I like the pictures the most. User:Zereshk has been trying to work on Iran and Shia articles (I don't know if you're Muslim or even Shia, but... if you know anything it might be good).  gren グレン 01:25, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

Women in Islam, justice
What is right being defined by divine law -- the parents' "because I said so" argument. This completely falls to the ground if any doubt ever enters one's mind (as I think it should) as to exactly WHO is expressing the will of God. However, if you admit that ethics is something that admits of rational discussion or moral intuition, then you can judge what purports to be the will of God by ethical standards. Frex, if someone is claiming that it's the will of God that you do something WRONG (like throwing babies into a fiery furnace, or blowing up wedding receptions), then you can doubt that this person is really speaking for God. Philosophy 101 . Zora 14:23, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

Is Tekyeh = Khaneqah?
Hi Pasha,

Would you please address the merging issue thing that has shown up on the tekkes page? Yek nazari bedeh.

At the moment, my plate is a bit full. mer30.--Zereshk 19:48, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

 * btw, I'll answer your email. I'm just in the middle of something right now. I'm flyin back tomorrow morning. I'll be busy for a few days. But I'll get to you.--Zereshk 07:47, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Pasha jan,

 * Hi. I apologize for not responding to the email. Ive been traveling, and I had some exams to tak care of.

 * But I want you to know that I agree with what you stated in your email.

 * I just received my copy of the 20 volume series of Dehkhoda's dictionary. It's a very interesting read! And pretty handy for Wikipedia articles too.

 * Ive been busy lately as youve probably noticed on Talk:Iran. But all is still well. You take care too.--Zereshk 05:47, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

Pre-Islamic Persian Literature, etc.
I haven't checked my talk page forever since nobody wrote me and I just checked it! Wow. Yeah, whenever you have time again it would be interesting to discuss possibilties in a wide range of subjects. I must admit, my knowledge of Sufism is quite superficial and limited to the (translated) poetry I've read and its basic symbolism. I've always been very conscious that there was probably so much I was missing, but don't know people who share my same curiousity generally. You gave me a Persian proverb, and I was wondering if you could write it in Persian for me if possible. Thanks. I'll check out the Persian literature page. I already know a few things that might be linked if they aren't already. Khiradtalk 04:42, 25 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the Persian, I can sort of make it out, with my very limited Farsi (mostly from Urdu). In any case I like things in their original language even if I can't read it! I've come across Ibn Arabi before in religion books and was really fascinated by him, and was going to ask for a book you'd recommend, thanks! Khiradtalk 01:48, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

sufism
Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam is not a sufi text.khayyam did not believe in God.

title: User talk:Pasha Abd


text: User talk:24.15.75.43

title: User talk:24.15.75.43


text:
The Gene Generation

The Gene Generation is a 2007 biopunk science fiction action film about an assassin who battles DNA hackers. The film was directed by Pearry Reginald Teo, and stars Bai Ling, Parry Shen, Faye Dunaway, and Alec Newman.

Synopsis
An assassin named Michelle battles DNA Hackers. Her younger brother Jackie becomes involved in a robbery, propelling him into DNA Hacking and crime. As the siblings face multiple challenges, including gunfights, they must navigate their way through a difficult world.

The film focuses on issues of morality, especially those linked to urban decay, and desperation.

Cast

 * Bai Ling – Michelle
 * Parry Shen – Jackie
 * Alec Newman – Christian
 * Michael Shamus Wiles – Solemn
 * Faye Dunaway – Josephine Hayden
 * Robert David Hall – Abraham
 * Rebecca Parisi – Julianne
 * Tom Choi – Dad

Visual effects

 * Shero Rauf – 3D lead artist
 * Dobri Georgiev – lead CGI artist
 * Milen Jeliazkov – 2D lead artist

DVD release
It was released on Region 1 DVD on January 27, 2009, with the Region 2 release following on April 27, 2009.

Soundtrack and score
The soundtrack for the film features various tracks by Combichrist, Encephalon and Tribal Machine, while the score was composed by Scott Glasgow with additional music by Ronan Harris of VNV Nation. The score was released on CD by the Varèse Sarabande label in March 2009.

The following tracks are listed at the end of the film:

Sequel
On February 4, 2010, it was revealed that a sequel, The Gene Generation: War of the Bloodlines, was in development. Filming was due to begin in March 2010 and be completed by September 2010. However, since this announcement there have been no further details on the status of the production.

title: The Gene Generation


text:
Talk:Henry Dunant

German Wikipedia
This article was largely updated by a translation from the German Wikipedia. Tfine80 00:24, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Dunant and Free Masonry
According to this excerpt from an German article published in a Swiss Freemasonry magazine, there are no documents to prove that Dunant had any relationship with free masonry. The relevant German statement is:

 * ...In dieser Nummer bringen wir zudem ein Portrait von Henry Dunant, das ein Basler Bruder verfasst hat. Auch er glaubt, dass Dunant kein Freimaurer war. Wir haben keine Dokumente gefunden, die Henry Dunant eindeutig als Freimaurer bezeichnen.'

 * Translation: ... In this edition, we also publish an article about Henry Dunant written by a brother mason from Basle. He too believes that Dunant was not a Free Mason. We have found no documents which name Dunant as a Free Mason.

I've therefore removed the respective category from the article until reliable AND specific information about Dunants connections with free masonry are brought forward here. --Uwe 22:22, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

This also the point of view of the author of the French version. Somebody reintroduced the assertion of Free Masonry in the English article, so I added a comment referring to this discussion. Mexterma (talk) 14:29, 1 January 2009 (UTC)

Biography assessment rating comment
The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- KenWalker | Talk 00:39, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Went through that list other than Peer Review. Maybe this should be looked at as a GA? -- KenWalker | Talk 00:58, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

refs
The article is detailed as to HD's life, yet there are no specific citations from the sources listed. This bothers me because I have a very short biography of the man that seems to be at odds with what our article says. Admittedly, the short biography is not an authoritative source, but its timeline should be considered. I can't quote very much with-out copyright infringement, but a major contradictiton is that it claims that HD lived in "Room 12" in Heiden for 18 yrs. after living in a town in Switzerland until 1890. It also says that his resurrection was due to a journalist's publicity. The short biography is in a school reader: "How Did the Red Cross Start," What a World 1, by Milada Broukal, p. 90. Kdammers (talk) 04:33, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't care about the English Wikipedia any longer but I will make an exception because this article is based on a translation of an older version of the respective German article for which I'm the main author. To make it short: room 12 was simply the number of the small room where he lived in the Heiden infirmary (which served both as a hospital and a nursing home). As the articles says, Dunant came to Heiden for the first time in 1881 and settled there in 1887. In 1890, the owners sold the guesthouse where he lived so he moved to the nearby village of Trogen. From there, he moved back to Heiden in April 1892 because he did not feel comfortable with his life in Trogen. From April 1892 until his death, he lived in the infirmary in Heiden (in room number 12).
 * What is missing from the English article is the period in Trogen from the end of 1890 until April 1892. On the other hand, this period of his life is not mentioned explicitely in every biographical sketch of Dunants life because it's rather short (one year and a couple of months), because it was uneventful and because Trogen was so close to Heiden (both villages belong to the small Swiss canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden) that it didn't make much difference. I don't see any contradiction with the information which you cite from the biography because the final period of his life in Heiden indeed lasted for 18 years (1892-1910). His resurrection was due to an article written in 1895 by journalist Georg Baumberger, just like the article says. The book by Willy Heudtlass as given in the references section is a 250+ pages volume and the most in-depth and authoritative source regarding the biography of Dunant. Heudtlass was the first person to be able research private letter archives of Rudolf Müller and Hans Daae, two of only very few people whom Dunant trusted in his late life. So I trust the work of Heudtlass over some school reader any time, and twice on sunday. Unfortunately for the English Wikipedia (and for you), Heudtlass is a German author. --Uwe (talk) 13:23, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

Incorrect dates
The first two paragraphs under "Forgotten Period" have some dates which seem to jump around in the timeline, making for confusing reading. Using context, I think a couple of them are just typos which, if corrected, would fix the problem.

 * (1) 1st paragraph, Aug 17, 1868; should be 1867?
 * (2) 2nd paragraph, March 1867; should be 1868?

Since there is no reference given for the information, I can't confirm this, so I'm not making any changes. Thoughts? LarryJeff (talk) 20:53, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Can any authoritative source be found to specify whether the proper pronunciation of "Dunant" follows French pronunciation guidelines or not? i.e. is it properly [dunã] or [dunant]? Andesco (talk) 15:59, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

Henry Dunant as Christian TO THE LAST
The "Samaritan of Europe" began with the aim of being "more effective in Christian charity," "to heat up the lukewarm" believers, and to "convert those who had not met God" (as stated in the Société; by Henry Dunant). The société quotes him rejecting the Catholic Church and the State, but embracing the cause of the Gospel, empathethic with primitive Christianity, as well as talking about the prophecies of the Scriptures. In A memory of Solferino (1872) he calls "gracious" the self-sacrificing Christian devotion.

The two sources that claim that he became an agnostic "in his last years" do not point to any original source, nor have any documented quotation of him on the subject. Neither Oscar Riddle nor the NNDB give any reference to an original source to support their claims, which make their assertion unreliable. While Riddle's "evolutionary thought" book claims that Dunant became an agnostic, ChristianHistory.net (from Christianity Today, claims that he was a Christian humanitarian to the last.

If there isn't a really reliable source to clarify this matter with documented writings by him, I seriously call into question the claim that he "became an agnostic", while many other sources say exactly the opposite. Without any factual proof about it, the claim that he became an agnostic is merely a gossip and its diffusion is but a rumor. --Goose friend (talk) 20:42, 15 April 2013 (UTC)

Despite a lack of evidence someone keeps adding that Dunant was an agnostic.

Consider: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1901/dunant-bio.html and http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/news/2004/dec16.html

Oscar Riddle was not Dunant's biographer. Riddle is only passing on a rumor.

Please do not include until consensus has been reached.69.127.248.215 (talk) 02:19, 19 January 2016 (UTC)

ZH8000 you should reach consensus on the talk page before making an addition.69.127.248.215 (talk) 03:09, 20 January 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Henry Dunant


text:
Cosmos bipinnatus

Cosmos bipinnatus, commonly called the garden cosmos, Mexican aster or cosmea, is a medium-sized flowering herbaceous plant in the daisy family Asteraceae, native to the Americas. The species and its varieties and cultivars are popular as ornamental plants in temperate climate gardens.

Description
Cosmos bipinnatus is an annual that is often considered half-hardy, although plants may reappear via self-sowing for several years. The plant height varies from 2–6 ft to (rarely) 9 ft (2 - 6 -). The cultivated varieties appear in shades of pink and purple as well as white. The branched stem is usually densely to occasionally occupied by fine, split up, rough trichomes, but some specimens are completely hairless. The petiole itself is inconspicuous, winged, 10 (rarely to 15) mm long, and sometimes the leaves are almost sessile.

The partial leaves are linear-filiform to narrow linear with a width of 0.5 to 1 (rarely to 1.7) mm; the tips are pointed, hardened, but not particularly sharp. Its foliage appears as if finely cut into threadlike segments. When flowering, the plants can become top heavy. This problem is alleviated when they are grown in groups, as the bipinnate leaves interlock and the plants support each other.

The achenes become blackish, are smooth or short-bristly. Their shape is spindle-like. They are rounded off into a short, 0.5 to 1.7 mm long, but distinctly pronounced rostrum. The inner achenes are up to 18 mm long, their yellowish beaks are 4 to 5 (rarely to 10) mm long. A pappus is missing or it consists only of two to three awn-like, 1-3 mm large bristles.

Flowers
The very conspicuous cup-shaped inflorescences have a diameter of usually 5-7 cm and contain tongue and tubular flowers, which are surrounded by bracts. There are usually 8 outer bracts, and they are ovate to lanceolate-tail-shaped, 7-15 mm long, 3-5 mm wide. The inner bracts are ovate-lanceolate and 8-12 mm long. They are translucent with many black stripes and a clear edge up to 1 mm wide, sometimes with yellowish or pink pigments, the tip is ciliate. The sprout leaves have gold-yellow, thread-like tips and protrude between the tubular flowers. The broadened base of these spreader leaves is translucent, with a yellow line.

The mostly eight ray florets are pink to violet or white colored, at the base may show noticeable stains caused by anthocyanin. The tongues are reversely ovate shaped, have a length of usually 20-35 mm and a width of usually 12-20 mm. The tips are almost dull and have three broad, wavy teeth. Below that, they are greatly rejuvenated. In the center of the flower baskets is a large number of tubular flowers (also called disc florets), whose overgrown petals are yellow, turn white in the lower part and reach a length of 5-6 mm. The anthers are brownish-black and about 3 mm long, at the tips are short-triangular, translucent attachments with a length of 0.5-0.8 mm. The branches of the stylus are short and rather dull, with a length of .5 mm.

Distribution
This plant is native to Mexico, Guatemala and Costa Rica. Since it is used as an ornamental plant in many countries and prone to sedimentation, it is an invasive plant in many areas of the world. It has naturalized in scattered locations across North America, South America, the West Indies, Italy, Australia, and Asia, where it is a garden escape (introduced species) and in some habitats becoming a weed.

Cultivars
Cultivars of Cosmos bipinnatus in cultivation today are listed here. Those marked have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
 * Apollo Series
 * 'Apollo Carmine'
 * 'Apollo Pink'
 * 'Apollo White'
 * 'Daydream' features a pink inner ring on a white background
 * Double Click Series features semidouble to fully double flowers that resemble Japanese anemones (Anemone japonica)
 * 'Double Click Cranberries'
 * 'Double Click Rose Bonbon'
 * 'Double Click Snow Puff'
 * 'Double Click Vari Extra'
 * 'Rubenza'
 * 'Sensation', also known as 'Early Sensation', is a widely available mix of tall varieties
 * 'Sensation Pinkie'
 * Sonata series
 * 'Velouette'
 * 'Versailles', developed for the cut flower trade, are shorter than others of the species, with heights remaining below three feet
 * 'Versailles Dark Rose'
 * 'Versailles Tetra'

Cultivation
Growth characteristics of this plant include: Excessive rain can cause cultivation problems, due to the delicate nature of the stems. Heavy rain can cause breakage. Cosmos bipinnatus can tolerate heat as long as adequate moisture is provided, however, it does not handle droughts, strong winds or cold temperatures well. Snails, slugs and aphids have a taste for Cosmos bipinnatus. Successfully cultivated plants can mature 2 to 4 ft x 12 to 18 in.
 * Germination takes between 7 and 10 days at the optimal temperature of 75 F; flowering begins between 60 and 90 days after germination
 * It prefers a soil pH between 6.0 and 8.5, reflecting its native habitat in the alkaline regions of Central America
 * Flowering is best in full sun, although partial shade is tolerated
 * They are not tolerant of frost, but can be grown outdoors in a temperate climate with a warm to hot summer and are therefore called half-hardy in British gardening literature.

Pollinators
The flowers of Cosmos bipinnatus attract birds and butterflies, including the monarch butterfly. It can be part of butterfly gardening and pollinator/honey-bee habitat gardens.

title: Cosmos bipinnatus


text: User talk:69.230.183.209

title: User talk:69.230.183.209


text:
Shohreh (singer)

Fatemeh Solati Nayebi, born on January 4, 1959 ,better known by her stage name Shohreh , is an Iranian singer. Since the Islamic Revolution in Iran, she has continued her music career in exile.

Biography
Shohreh Solati was born on January 4, 1959, in Tehran to a well-to-do family of artists and entertainers, Shohreh developed an interest in music early on – singing at seven years of age. She later went on to study at the Tehran Conservatory of Music, where she received training in singing and the clarinet. Her first album titled Dokhtar-e-Mashreghi (Persian for "Eastern Girl") was successful, garnering some notability. Magazines directed toward the youth of Iran in the 1970s also gave exposure to the singer. Shortly before the Revolution in 1979, Shohreh left Iran to perform in a series of concerts in the United States and, due to restrictions imposed on entertainers by the new leadership, she was not able to return. So for the time being, she decided to settle in New York City, where she married soon after. Since the revolution came unexpectedly, she and other exiled Iranian singers initially faced difficulties re-establishing the community. However, after the birth of her daughter, Shohreh became more involved in her professional career. Leaving behind New York City, Shohreh moved to Los Angeles in 1982, settling with the exiled Iranian music industry of the 1970s, who also established in that city. Working with songwriters, composers and arrangers, she produced and released several new albums. Most of these albums were nostalgic of the golden years of Iranian life just a few years before and thus appealed to a much wider audience, giving Shohreh's fame momentum. The yearning for Iran in Shohreh's music established a strong solidarity amongst the struggling Iranians who found comfort in her songs. Her notable albums during this period include Jaan Jaan, Salam, Sedaayeh Paa and Shenidam. Throughout the late 1980s and 1990s, Solati increased her appeal by releasing newer albums, each earning commendation. In the 1980s she had many concerts with Siavash Shams and Andy Madadian.

However, it was not until the release of the album Zan (1994) that she unequivocally garnered positive reviews from critics. The themes of her songs in that album not only highlighted greater recognition of women's rights but also underlined the importance of women's duties.

At the turn of the millennium, Shohreh continued releasing more albums, "Ghesseh Goo", "Saayeh", "Atr", "Safar", "Pishooni", and "Havas". Her music albums produced outside of Iran have since outnumbered her numbers before the revolution.

Recent involvements
In 2008, Shohreh held a concert at Kodak Theatre to mark the release of her CD "Ashegham". After "Ashegham" Shohreh released Esrar, Maloomeh, Dooset Daram Naro, Bargard and Shabet Bekheir.

Her cooperation
Shohreh Solati partnered with the American company Kiava LLC in 2022 to manage her social media. They collaborated due to successive hacking of the singer's social media.

title: Shohreh (singer)


text:
Talk:Raid of the Redeswire

untitled
Is this article some kind of joke? No sources, no verification... it is a known fact that the last major battle of any importance between the two kingdoms occurred at Pinki Cleugh. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.150.89.250 (talk) 18:03, 21 June 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Raid of the Redeswire


text:
Talk:Battle of the Oder–Neisse

what is this article about
The Oder-Neisse was a defensive line assumed by German forces, but held for four days. The rest is also covered in the Battle of Berlin. I would suggest that
 * the article be renamed to the Defence of the Oder-Neisse Line, and describe the first four days of fighting only, with the rest of the material be incorporated into the Battle of Berlin, where its is not duplicated...for now.--mrg3105 (comms) ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ 01:47, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Battle of the Oder–Neisse


text:
SNK vs. Capcom: SVC Chaos

SNK vs. Capcom: SVC Chaos (エス・エヌ・ケイ バーサス カプコン エスブイシー カオス) is a 2003 fighting game produced by Playmore (now SNK) for the Neo Geo arcade and home platform. It was then later ported to the PlayStation 2 and Xbox, although only the Xbox port was released in North America and both platforms were released in Japan and PAL regions.

It was the third arcade game in a series of crossovers between these two companies (see SNK vs. Capcom series) and the second developed by SNK (SNK previously produced SNK vs. Capcom: The Match of the Millennium for the Neo Geo Pocket Color).

The game was re-released in July 2024 for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and PC via Steam and GOG.com, adding online rollback netcode from Code Mystics and an in-game gallery.

Gameplay
The gameplay is based on the KOF series (particularly The King of Fighters 2002), with the same four button configuration and many of the same techniques. However, the game does not use the Team Battle format, but follows the traditional round-based one-on-one format. Each match begins with a dialogue exchange between the player's character and the opponent. One new technique introduced in the game is the Front Grand Step, which allows the player to cancel attacks with a forward dash. The player can perform this technique while guarding from an opponent's attack, which will consume one Power Gauge level.

The game uses a different type of Power Gauge known as the Groove Power Gauge System, which has three levels. The Groove gauge fills as the player lands attacks against the opponents or guard attacks. When the gauge fills to Lv. 1 or Lv. 2, the player can perform Super Special Moves, a Guard Cancel Attack or a Guard Cancel Front Step maneuver. When the gauge is full, its reaches MAXIMUM level and a MAX Activation occurs. During MAX Activation, the gauge will change into a timer and the player gains the ability to cancel any of their moves anytime (in addition to Super Special Moves and Guard Cancels). Once the timer runs out, the gauge returns to Lv. 2.

In addition to the regular Super Special Move, each character also has an 'Exceed' move which can only be performed once when the player's life is less than half.

Characters
This crossover features a total of 24 standard fighters, plus 12 boss characters for a total of 36. These characters are drawn primarily from both SNK and Capcom's respective fighting game sequels such as The King of Fighters '96 and Super Street Fighter II Turbo, alongside additional character appearances from Samurai Shodown, Art of Fighting, Metal Slug 2, Athena, Darkstalkers, Final Fight, Mega Man Zero, Ghosts 'n Goblins, and Red Earth. Most of the boss characters are normally inaccessible and require the use of cheat codes to become playable, while two of the bosses, Athena and Red Arremer, are fully inaccessible in the arcade and AES releases, and can only be unlocked in the PlayStation 2 and Xbox versions of the game. All 36 characters are immediately accessible in the 2024 release.

SNK characters
• Athena

• Choi Bounge

• Earthquake

• Geese Howard

• Genjuro Kibagami

• Goenitz

• Honki ni Natta Mr. Karate

• Iori Yagami

• Kasumi Todoh

• Kim Kaphwan

• Kyo Kusanagi

• Mai Shiranui

• Mars People

• Mr. Karate

• Orochi Iori

• Ryo Sakazaki

• Shiki

• Terry Bogard

Capcom characters
• Akuma

• Balrog

• Chun-Li

• Dan Hibiki

• Demitri Maximoff

• Dhalsim

• Guile

• Hugo

• Ken Masters

• M. Bison

• Red Arremer

• Ryu

• Sagat

• Shin Akuma

• Tessa

• Vega

• Violent Ken

• Zero

Plot
Following a cataclysmic event, all life on the planet has been wiped out. In purgatory, a group of fighters are drawn into a tournament by Athena and Red Arremer, avatars for the forces of Order and Chaos, who promise that the winner will receive one wish. Now the fighters compete to win the tournament and have their wish granted, with the fate of all life hanging in the balance.

Reception
SNK vs. Capcom: SVC Chaos has received mixed reception, such as the rushed and bland presentation of the game (as seen in stages with very few colors and devoid of "life"), and the low resolution of the Neo Geo (320 × 240) made the game's visuals considerably rough considering the game's 2003 release. The PlayStation 2 and Xbox versions received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave the PS2 version a score of three sixes and one seven for a total of 25 out of 40.

In 2012, Complex ranked it as the 14th best SNK fighting game ever made, adding that "the game’s secret characters (Firebrand, Mars People, Zero, etc.) had to be the best part about this game," as well as newly animated sprites (Demitri, Earthquake, Tessa, etc.) But it was also criticized by others due to the lack of certain "token" characters (like Haohmaru, Benimaru, Zangief, etc.), and the omission of the selectable fighting styles called "Groove Systems" all showcased by Capcom, instead featuring only one-on-one modes with extended vital gauges, not giving any choice to players who favored other styles, even those created by SNK itself.

Merchandise
An eight-volume graphic novel series of translated Chinese manhua was published in the U.S. by DrMaster Publications Inc., originally created by Happy Comics Ltd.

title: SNK vs. Capcom: SVC Chaos


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fugg

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy delete as requested by the author and aparatenly sole contributor to the article. DES (talk) 23:08, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Fugg
neologism Cnwb 00:27, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The problem is that this is a neologism: a made up word. With no evidence that this is a word that is widely used by a significant number of people, there is no way this can stay on wikipedia.  I suggest you add it to urbandictionary.com if you have not already.  That's the place for made up terms.Delete--Isotope23 13:36, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It lists his death as 2012, obviously it's a fake. --Hoovernj 01:13, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom.    Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   03:21, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete This might make a good Wiktionary entry; however, the factual misleading puts everything into question. --Malecasta 03:51, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity page.--Dakota 03:58, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete junk --Rogerd 04:55, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete. Vanity, junk, fake, NN, and just plain garbage. - Sensor 05:37, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - dicdef at best 13:10, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete A certain fug decends over me when I read this article. Ganymead 14:50, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Heh, 2012 ... that dunce ... well no one in his family has ever lived past 38, so he is sure 2012 is his last year, oh well ... not a reason to delete him, I dont think. But what do I know?
 * I wish you would'nt delete this page ... I know slid3r, and I know he's not trying to be vain. He really did invent the term.  Oh well, people seem angry over it, I dont know why.

 * Comment - Sorry, but "fugg" was not invented in 1999 by this man. Norman Mailer's "The Naked and the Dead" coined the term, and it was written in the 50s I believe. A punk group named themselves the "Fuggs" after this. This article is thus inaccurate. --MacRusgail 20:51, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fugg


text:
Mark Rathbun

Mark C. "Marty" Rathbun (born 1957) is a former senior executive of the Church of Scientology who last held the post of Inspector General of the Religious Technology Center (RTC), the organization that is responsible for the protection and enforcement of all Dianetics and Scientology copyrights and trademarks.

As the inspector general, Rathbun led the RTC's international Inspector General Network, collectively responsible for internal maintenance and consistency of Scientology's practices and procedures in its organizations, and for ensuring perfect adherence to all Church policies as attributed to Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard.

Rathbun left the Church of Scientology in 2004 and became an independent Scientologist, later stating that he considers himself non-religious.

Since 2016, Rathbun began criticizing former church members on his blog. He has also spoken out against prominent critics of Scientology, prompting speculation that he may have returned to the Church.

Scientology career
According to his official biography, Rathbun became a Church of Scientology staff member in 1978, and joined the RTC board in 1987. The biography also credits him with having played a major role in various Church victories, including the negotiation of the Church's tax exemption agreement with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in 1993. In 1998, Florida newspaper the Tampa Bay Times described Rathbun as "top lieutenant" to Scientology leader David Miscavige.

In 1997, The New York Times reported that according to an internal Scientology publication, Rathbun and Miscavige jump-started stalled negotiations over Scientology's tax status when they made an unscheduled visit to IRS Commissioner Fred T. Goldberg Jr. at the Internal Revenue Service headquarters in Washington in October 1991. The Church of Scientology and Rathbun later denied that there had been an unscheduled meeting between Goldberg, Rathbun, and Miscavige that day. The Church said that "While an internal publication of three years ago does recount Mr. Miscavige approaching the [IRS], it never states he was granted an unscheduled meeting on demand." Rathbun, in a separate letter to the New York Times, explained that the first meeting he and Miscavige had with Goldberg and other IRS officials was approximately one month after their impromptu visit to the IRS building.

As a Scientology spokesman, Rathbun commented to the same newspaper on the involvement of celebrities in Scientology, saying that "Scientology works for these people, and they just want to give to others what works for them. We don't give them a badge and send them out. They do it on their own." When discussing reluctance among some established churches to collaborate with Scientology under the umbrella of an interfaith organization, he was also quoted as saying that "Bigotry is born out of ignorance."

Tom Cruise confessionals
In May 2010, Rathbun asserted that during his tenure as Inspector General of the Religious Technology Center, Scientology leader David Miscavige issued him orders that the auditing sessions of celebrity Scientology member Tom Cruise be secretly videotaped. Rathbun had himself been the individual responsible for performing auditing counseling with Cruise. Rathbun wrote on his blog that he had been charged with auditing Cruise during the period in 2001 directly after he had separated from Nicole Kidman. Rathbun wrote, "I audited a number of intensives of confessionals on Tom Cruise from July through November 2001. ... By order of Miscavige many of those sessions were secretly recorded by a well-concealed video camera and voice recorder system built into the VIP auditing room at Celebrity Center International." Rathbun subsequently learned that transcripts of the videotapes of Cruise were brought to meetings where they would be discussed by top management of Scientology. Rathbun wrote that Miscavige would read out information from the reports about Cruise's auditing sessions: "While sipping scotch whisky at the end of the night, Miscavige would read Tom’s overts and withholds ... joking and laughing about the content of Tom’s confessions."

The nature of what was discussed in the confessional sessions by Cruise was not revealed. Rathbun ceased the filming of Cruise in 2002, because he felt it was unethical. Rathbun left the organization in 2004, and since then has given counseling to former members of Scientology. In a post on his blog, Rathbun wrote a statement addressed to Cruise: "Wake up, Tom. It is not too late. Though, time is getting very, very short." , representatives for Cruise had not yet responded to the statements made by Rathbun.

Lynn Hayes of Beliefnet discussed the revelations by Rathbun, writing, "Religion in any form provides a solid structure that can offer comfort and security, and departure from that security can be frightening and painful. As humans we always have a choice, and it will be interesting to see how Tom Cruise and the Church of Scientology manage this revelation." El Tiempo commented, "Although Tom Cruise is a staunch supporter and defender of Scientology, apparently other members of this doctrine do not profess the same devotion to the actor."

Departure from the Church of Scientology
Rathbun left the Church of Scientology in 2004 and offered counseling and auditing services for other Scientologists who have cut their ties with the Church. Initially, he considered himself an independent Scientologist, but now considers himself non-religious.

Rathbun emerged as a critical source in a 2009 St. Petersburg Times exposé on the organization, stating that physical violence is a common occurrence within Scientology management, and that Miscavige regularly beats his staff or orders staff to administer beatings to designated individuals – accusations which the Church of Scientology categorically denies. This reporting series by the St. Petersburg Times titled "Inside Scientology: The Truth Rundown" was recognized with honors including the 2010 Gold Medal for Public Service award from the Florida Society of News Editors, and was a finalist for the 2010 National Headliner Awards in the category of investigative reporting.

In December 2018, Jezebel reported that Rathbun had appeared in videos criticising ex-Scientologist Leah Remini and suggested he had rejoined Scientology.

Scientologists at War
A one-hour feature on Mark Rathbun titled Scientologists at War, directed by Joseph Martin and produced by Danielle Clark and Michael Simkin was broadcast on June 17, 2013, on British Channel Four.

On November 10, 2013, The Passionate Eye, an investigative TV series rebroadcast the program as a premiere in Canada on CBC Television, describing it as an investigation into "the pressure tactics used to discredit and silence members who leave the church."

Videographer Bert Leahy reported being paid $2,000 a week to help document the "Squirrel Busters" activities.

Going Clear
Rathbun was a participant in the 2015 documentary Going Clear: Scientology and the Prison of Belief. In that film, Rathbun alleged the church had wiretapped celebrity Nicole Kidman.

My Scientology Movie
Rathbun featured in Louis Theroux's 2015 documentary film My Scientology Movie where he recreated incidents within the church he and other ex-Scientologists had witnessed. After the filming of My Scientology Movie, Rathbun criticized Theroux for what he described as "morally bankrupt tactics" in the production of the documentary, and withdrew his support from its promotion. Rathbun claimed that Theroux deliberately attempted to provoke the Scientologists filmed for the film, and over-dramatized the scenes recreating alleged abuses that had taken place in the Church.

Harassment claims
In 2013, Mark Rathbun's wife Monique, a non-Scientologist, filed suit against the Church of Scientology alleging four years of harassment by the church. The suit was withdrawn in May 2016, Monique saying, "My husband and I have effectively achieved the primary purpose that the lawsuit was originally intended to serve by our own independent efforts". In October 2014, Rathbun filmed an encounter which showed three members of the church's top management abusing him at Los Angeles International Airport.

title: Mark Rathbun


text:
Tarek Shahin

Tarek Shahin (born 1982) is an Egyptian cartoonist and author. He is best known as the author and illustrator of the comic strip 'Al Khan', which first appeared on the pages of The Daily News Egypt newspaper in 2008, and continues to run independently on the series' website.

Shahin's work has been recognised for its candid commentary on contemporary Egyptian society and character-driven themes.

In 2017, 'Redemption: An Al Khan Series,' a three-part story, was launched, set in the aftermath of the Six-Day War in 1967. It was later published as a book: 'Redemption: An Egyptian Story.'

Shahin is also a banker, according to the bio section of "As You Were," his fourth 'Al Khan' book.

title: Tarek Shahin


text:
Cuddlefish

Cuddlefish may refer to:

 * Cuddlefish, an Australian music group with Candle Records
 * Mimi and Lester Cuttlefish, characters in the animated sitcom Teenage Euthanasia

title: Cuddlefish


text:
Ossetian literature

Ossetian (or Ossetic) literature is expressed in the Ossetian language, an Iranian language of the Caucasus.

The Ossetian literature is comparatively young, with its first specimen published in the 1890s. Its golden age was in the years after the October Revolution in Russia, when local languages received a significant impact.

The most popular motives of the Ossetic literature are: and others.
 * the life of highlanders, especially the poor ones, in 19th century or in earlier times;
 * the role of traditional right in the life of Ossetians (including criticism of vendetta-like revenge tradition of "taking blood back" and other "harmful traditions");
 * the construction of socialism (often in contrast to the previous state of things): Ossetians really received better life compared to the tsarist regime time, when they felt severe lack of agricultural lands, poverty and illiteracy;
 * the Great Patriotic War (the name of the World War II in Soviet Union): every tenth Ossetian man died during the war, many were honored as "Heroes of the Soviet Union" for their courage;

The Ossetian writers and poets use the rich fund of traditional lyrics and the Nart epic, which is considered the national epic of the Ossetians (as well as of several other peoples of the North Caucasus, each having their own version). A written composite version of the epic itself has also been published in both major dialects, Iron and Digor; more details about the epic are given in the relevant article.

Writers
Ossetian poets include Kosta Khetagurov, Yakov Khozijev, Grish Pliev, and Shamil Jigkayev. Ossetian prose writers include Arsen Kotsoyev, Seka Gadiyev, Elbazduko Britayev, and Nafi Jusoyty.

 * Gallery

title: Ossetian literature


text:
Talk:Pigs Is Pigs (1937 film)

A dream
The end of the film is a major let down: `it was all a dream' type ending, and it could have at least gotten us a better closing line from the pig than "whew!"

Pigs Is Pigs (1937 film)
Someguy0830, I noticed your recent edits to this article. The sizing of the pictures I have found to be a slight problem. Forget the differences in opinion about proper size 300 too big:200 too small -- the problem is in a different area. the sizing of the pictures is done by width instead of height. When you set ALL the images to the same size, the ones in the trivia section with different aspect ratios looked terrible. Is there any way to go about formatting image px size to height instead of width?

BTW: thank you for your intrest in the article. Your edits are appreciated. Makes me feel good to know it's being read. -- Jason Palpatine 13:35, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Size
Someguy0830, According to Bart Simpson (Treehose of Horror II), you discovered America in 1942.

Friend, please consider what I said earlier. The 3 images in the information section are all sifferent aspect ratios. Anday Panda is 1946 theater aspect. Homer in Hell is square and roughly only 150px in size. The Pigs be Pigs picture is drawn in very wide aspect. When they are sized to be all the same WIDTH, the hights are squished and the results look terrible. I am trying to make them the SAME HEIGHT -- which in photography is the more comon standard. Please keep this in mind. I appreciate your interest in the article -- but sizing different aspect ration images to the same width just looks too gaudy.

I am copying this over to the article's talk page. Jason Palpatine 22:53, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

 * First, I must ask, what does Bart Simpson identifying the date of discovery of America have to do with this conversation? Second, Images need to be sized so that they don't overly affect the text on various screen sizes. Sizing by heing is not only an annoying difficult prospect, but can harm the article if you have to stretch the image to a ridiculous size to achieve it. – Someguy0830 (Talk | contribs) 23:21, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

 * First, an attempt at humor. Second -- what can we do?  Look at the result.  Jason Palpatine 22:53, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I made them align and orgainzed the trivia to align with them. – Someguy0830 (Talk | contribs) 23:29, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

 * It can also harm the article if you have to compess the image to a ridiculous size to achieve it. It works both ways -- that's the problem.  Sorry, but I reformatted the article and added a new pic.  I look forward to your edit in bringing this to proper form.  Thank you for the help.  -- Jason Palpatine 04:20, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

 * This is where you'd be wrong. 200 px is not "small". In fact, it's fairly large. What size is your monitor set to, 2000? Any image can be clicked on for a full-size image, thus the "thumbnail" option. Smaller is always better when it comes to images. – Someguy0830 (Talk | contribs) 04:49, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Oh well. One, your an admin, so you must know what you're talking about.  Thank you for the input and the help.  -- Jason Palpatine 09:32, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

Don't give up
Don't give up just because someone's an admin. I'm an admin, but don't let that color my comments for you. As for the image dispute here, I think both of you have good points. The way the page is now is acceptable, but Jason's idea is also a good one should you decide to alternate left and right images in order to create a more balanced presentation. As for 200 px being large, I disagree. Very rarely does it look nice to have an image at fewer than 200 px. In my opinion, that's the low end of the scale. I tend to scale images to 200-350 px, depending on the image. For screenshots, I tend to stay with 200-225, but 250 or even 300 is acceptable in some cases. But, like I said, the current layout is acceptable. — BrianSmithson 16:23, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you.  I reuploaded a couple of the images to compensate.  I cropped off a little of the unnecessary backgrounds to reduce their aspect ratio (slightly compensating for the real problem: can't size the pics to height.)  Thanks. Jason Palpatine 11:41, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Chaplin influence on feed-a-matic chair?
Since the article goes into quite a lot of detail on the later influence of the feed-a-matic chair, does anyone know if the feeding machine in Chaplin's Modern Times, made the previous year, had any influence on the idea as used in this cartoon? Rizzleboffin 20:54, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I've wondered about that one myself. The theme of Chaplin's film was the impact of industrialization on people, whereas Pigs is Pigs theme is gluttony.  There is no way of knowing whether or not Frieling was influenced by Chaplin's film  --  or even knew about it.  However, his use of industrialization for the first time in an animated cartoon, does make one wonder.  Still, without any hard evidence, I didn't include it on account of original research polocies.  -- Jason Palpatine 22:21, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the comment, Jason. I don't think there's any way Freleng couldn't have known the film-- one of the biggest successes of one of the biggest stars of the time, especially with it coming out only a year before this cartoon. As to whether he was making a conscious reference to the feeding machine, or whether it's just coincidentally a similar idea, I don't know. (And there are no doubt precursors to the Chaplin scene. The mechanical houses in Keaton and Snub Pollard films come to mind...) It would be an interesting bit of trivia to add if it's true, but without a source it's just speculation on our parts. I'll keep my eyes open for anything on the subject. (The Web turns up pretty much nothing). Rizzleboffin 23:31, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

 * thanks-I'd wondered if Chaplin influenced Frieling-or if Frieling influenced Chaplin! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.83.126.88 (talk) 13:58, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

Remake
Freiling had a habit later on of remaking a number of his earlier cartoons over the years as the quality of the studio's animation improved. I recall that he did a remake of this one (possibly in the '50's). The remake changed the pig's name to Sparky and featured a simplified food menu: A 200 foot submarine sandwich (no pickles), the Pie-A-Trope, and a ferries-wheel of ice-cream cones. When he comes to the Pie-A-Trope he struggles to get out of the chair to get to them, whereupon the scientist comments "So, pies are your favourite food, aye?" The machine makes him eat all 20 pies in only a few seconds. Unlike the original, a mechanical arm with a wash cloth wipes his face clean before he is sent to the ice-cream machine. The basement is not shown -- there is only blackness all around and the sequence is done to the LT POWERHOUSE song. When Sparky is brought back up to the house, he is an ENORMOUS sphere bigger than the Scientist -- not just fat, he actually does look like he's ready to burst at any moment. He roughly pokes Sparky twice in the navel (he is tight as a drum) and then yells at him "Now get out! Never hearken my door again!" The rest we all know. There is NO record of this remake anywhere that I can find. Does anybody out there know anything about it? I remember seeing it air twice on the Sally Star show. --Jason Palpatine 09:11, 6 May 2007 (UTC) This User fails to understand Wikipedia's Systematized Logistical Projection of its Balanced Policy Contingency. (speak your mind | contributions)

Undue weight
Why does the Web comic adaptation warrant a longer synopsis in this article, than the film that is the actual subject of the article? I'd suggest that that material should be moved to the article of the strip in question. 67.158.72.8 03:35, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

Weight
This may be a little weird, but... Speaking of weight, I did some math. Piggy, in the end is a ball of fat (i.e. a sphere). With a 3 foot diameter, he would weigh 846 pounds! Given the lack a appreciable scale, I considered that to be his minimum size based on his apparent height. This is supposedly to have taken place during the course of a single day, however Piggy at the end is not only obese, but also taller. For him to have also grown a full foot in height implies that his captivity in the scientist's Feed-a-matic was actually for the duration of an entire year! But I'm not sure if I should include that particular supposition in the article. --Jason Palpatine 02:25, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

On notability, trivia and organization
Recently, after reviewing the article again I've noticed that a lot of the material is given weight inappropriate for the subject matter. Some of the other series mentioned, with the exception of The Simpsons (wherein the machine's inspiration from Pigs is Pigs was cited by Matt Groening) and perhaps the Gumby mention, seem to have a coincidental connection, at best, to Pigs is Pigs and the webcomic is both unsourced and non-notable. I think that the main problem with the article is that it focuses too much on details that are, honestly, not particularly essential to understanding the subject matter. In addition, it contains trivia sections almost as large as the main synopsis itself, and besides this disrupting the flow of the article we all know that trivia sections have been discouraged recently in Wikipedia.

The other issue is that the article itself doesn't really read in an encyclopedic manner and is overly long in its descriptions. So, I'm going to make a few changes to the structure and try to get the article down to a manageable level that reads well, is organized, and is encyclopedic. If anyone has any concerns with this, let me know here. 76.18.140.105 07:55, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Feed-a-matic chair3.JPG
The image Image:Feed-a-matic chair3.JPG is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

The following images also have this problem:

 * Image:FeedingonDoughnuts.jpg

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --04:26, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

Mr Creosote from Monty Python's The Meaning of Life?
There is no mechanized force feeding but does anyone think there is a connection, acknowledged or not, between Mr Creosote from Monty Python's The Meaning of Life and Pigs is Pigs due to the sheer gluttony involved? — Preceding unsigned comment added by AdderUser (talk • contribs) 03:38, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

No. I see no connection between the two works. The Mr Creosote segment really wasn't about gluttony as much as it was about emesis and discourtisy to others. Mr Creosote was constanly vomiting -- even on other people. He was showing a total lack of courtisy to the othe rpeople around him. Given his condition, he should have left the restraunt, rather than making the other patrons sick. His constant vomiting could have been a sign he had some kind of virus and by staying there he was exposing the people there to it.Jason Palpatine (talk) 07:43, 14 May 2012 (UTC)

Pigs Of God
I recently discovered something that may have a connection here. In Taiwan, every sixth day of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar at the Zushi Temple, is held a Pigs of God (神豬) Contest. Farmers compete to raise the fattest pig, which during the competition day, the pig is decorated with ornaments. These animals are force-fed so they are fattened to weights of a tonn or more. The animals are like enourmous spheres of fat, like Piggy is at the end of his dream. Given the simularities between the pigs shown at the festival and Piggy's being force-fed to such propotions; is it possible that this festival may have be some inspiration for the animators to make this cartoon? Just Wondering.

Info about it can be found here: http://www.odditycentral.com/pics/size-does-matter-at-controversial-pigs-of-god-festival.html

-- Jason Palpatine (talk) 01:45, 18 September 2013 (UTC)  This User fails to understand Wikipedia's Systematized Logistical Projection of its Balanced Policy Contingency. (speak your mind | contributions)

Pictures
Earlier today, somebody remeoved all but one of the pictures that were with this article. They were entered into the article under terms of fair use. In the case each image, rational for the action was include on the images pages. The number of images is not excessive. Why did you do this, whoever you are? This article has existed for years and the inclusion of these images has already been addressed and found to be within accepted Wik criteria. -- Jason Palpatine (talk) 21:23, 19 September 2013 (UTC)  This User fails to understand Wikipedia's Systematized Logistical Projection of its Balanced Policy Contingency. (speak your mind | contributions)
 * Where was their a discussion validating the usage of 5 non-free files without critical commentary? Wikipedia's rules about non-free media are far more strict than fair use. Our policies do not allow for the gallery of files that was removed from this article. Werieth (talk) 22:18, 19 September 2013 (UTC)

This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed.
A notation on the article reads "This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed." You call a 715 plot summary TOO long? Please explain. A word count of 715 is short by any standards. The other sections are even shorter. What's the problem? -- Jason Palpatine (talk) 05:47, 7 July 2015 (UTC)  This User fails to understand Wikipedia's Systematized Logistical Projection of its Balanced Policy Contingency. (speak your mind | contributions)

title: Talk:Pigs Is Pigs (1937 film)


text:
Bill Shanks

Bill Shanks is an American sports broadcaster and writer.

Personal life
Shanks lives in Macon, Georgia. Shanks, originally from Waycross, Georgia, is a graduate of the University of Georgia. Shanks was a television sports anchor at WBSG in Brunswick, Georgia and WGXA in Macon, Georgia. Shanks also had a sports production company and produced and hosted weekly television shows with the Atlanta Braves, the Atlanta Hawks, and the Atlantic Sun Conference.

Broadcasting
Bill Shanks hosts "The Bill Shanks Show" on WXKO Middle Georgia's ESPN in Macon. Shanks is also a columnist for The Athens Banner-Herald and hosts a weekly high school football show called The End Zone on WMGT-TV 41 NBC. Shanks has covered the Atlanta Braves for Fox Sports South.com and Scout.com. In 2006 Shanks was one of the co-hosts of the Braves Wrap-Up Show on the Atlanta Braves Radio Network. Shanks' show covers topics like the University of Georgia and Head Coach Mark Richt, who "lost him" in 2008.

Shanks started his daily radio show in March 2007 on WIFN 105.5 The Fan in Macon. The show was canceled on February 9, 2009. Six weeks later, on March 23, 2009, Shanks' show was back on the air on the Clear Channel (now iHeartRadio) affiliate.

After 7 years at iHeartRadio, he moved his show to his own station which is affiliated with ESPN Radio starting on June 1, 2016.

Shanks has provided Braves' reports on radio stations in Athens, Georgia on WRFC, in Spartanburg, SC on WSPG and in Florence, AL on WYTK.

Writing
Shanks wrote a book called Scout's Honor: The Bravest Way to Build a Winning Team. He interviewed people for nine months and afterwards took six months to write the book. It is both Shanks' answer to Moneyball and the story of how the Braves became the successful organization that they are today. It tells how John Schuerholz rose through the ranks and tells the tales of individual Braves prospects, from Jeff Francoeur, Brian McCann, Adam LaRoche, John Smoltz, and Adam Wainwright. Some have questioned Shanks' objectivity in regards to John Schuerholz. Baseball writer Jon Heyman described Shanks' close relationship with John Schuerholz being "so close to John Schuerholz he’s practically his ghost writer.

David Leonhardt of The New York Times described Shanks as "openly contemptuous of the Lewis book". John Conniff of Scout.com criticized the book for "fail[ing] to develop any type of coherent argument, structure, or evidence to support his contention or to more importantly explain the reasons for the Braves success". The Sun-Sentinel's Mike Berardino praised the book for "present[ing] a fascinating and long-overdue look at Atlanta's baseball dynasty".

Controversy
On May 3, 2016 Shanks authored a controversial column in the Macon Telegraph advocating the return of Chief Noc-A-Homa as the Braves mascot Shanks also called for a return of the teepee in the bleachers. The article immediately received criticism and the Macon Telegraph deleted the article within a few hours. The Telegraph’s sports editor claimed on Twitter that the piece was pulled because Shanks "had a better idea for a column."

title: Bill Shanks


text:
Gebre Meskel Lalibela

Lalibela, regnal name Gebre Meskel , was a king of the Zagwe dynasty, reigning from 1181 to 1221. He was the son of Jan Seyum and the brother of Kedus Harbe. Perhaps the best-known Zagwe monarch, he is credited as the patron of the namesake monolithic rock-hewn churches of Lalibela. He is venerated as a saint by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church on 19 June.

Biography
The life of Lalibela is recorded in his hagiography, Gadla Lalibela. According to the source, King Lalibela was born in 1162, at a town called Roha (it was later renamed Lalibela after him). He was the son of Jan Seyoum, the governor of Bugna in the province of Lasta. His mother's name was Kirwerna who was a housemaid in the service of Jan Seyoum. When she became pregnant by him, Jan Seyoum became angry and Kirwerna decided to flee to a place called Roha, where she gave birth to Lalibela. A swarm of bees was said to have surrounded him at his birth, which his mother took as a sign of his future power. Accordingly he was named "Lalibela", meaning "the bees recognise his sovereignty" in Old Agaw. Because of this prophecy, he was eventually forced into exile due to the hostility of his uncle Tatadim and his brother Kedus Harbe, who was rightful sovereign. He left for Jerusalem where he remained for many years, upon returning to Ethiopia, he married Meskel Kibra. However, as Harbe was intent on killing him, he was again forced to flee from Lasta with his wife.

Rise to Power
Ultimately Lalibela did seize the throne, but it is not known how he was able to achieve this. His Gadla does not explain how he rose to power. Because Lalibela came to power during his brother's lifetime, Taddesse Tamrat suspects that he took the crown by force of arms.

According to a chronicle from Gojjam, faced with continued persecution by Harbe, Lalibela allied himself with the Amharas, promising them key positions if he succeeded. Delighted with this promise, the Amharas were said to have joined forces with him. In response Harbe rallied behind him the seven clans of the Agaw people. In the ensuring battle Lalibela was entirely victorious and managed to seized the throne, the chronicle then states that Lalibela had the Agaws exiled from Lasta and allowed the Amhara to settle into the area. Hence the Amharic proverb: "Amhara settled, Agaw exiled".

Reign
Lalibela is said to have seen Jerusalem in a vision and then attempted to build a new Jerusalem as his capital in response to the capture of old Jerusalem by Muslim forces led by Saladin in 1187. As such, many features of the town of Lalibela have Biblical names including the town's river, known as the River Jordan (ዮርዳኖስ ወንዝ). The city remained the capital of Ethiopia from the late 12th century and into the 13th century.

Details about the construction of his 11 monolithic churches at Lalibela have been lost. The later Gadla Lalibela, a hagiography of the king, states that he carved these churches out of stone with only the help of angels. According to the narrative of the Portuguese embassy to Ethiopia in 1520-6, written down by Father Francisco Álvares and published in 1540, the Lalibelian priests claimed that the churches took 24 years to construct.

His chief queen was Masqal Kibra, about whom a few traditions have survived. She induced Abuna Mikael to make her brother Hirun bishop, and a few years later the Abuna left Ethiopia for Egypt, complaining that Hirun had usurped his authority. Another tradition states that she convinced king Lalibela to abdicate in favor of his nephew Na'akueto La'ab, but after 18 months of his nephew's misrule she convinced Lalibela to resume the throne. Taddesse Tamrat suspects that the end of Lalibela's rule was not actually this amiable, and argues that this tradition masks a brief usurpation of Na'akueto La'ab, whose reign was ended by Lalibela's son, Yetbarak. Getachew Mekonnen credits her with having one of the rock-hewn churches, Bet Abba Libanos, built as a memorial for Lalibela after his death.

Although little written material concerning the other Zagwe kings survives, a sizeable quantity concerning Lalibela's reign remains, besides the Gadla Lalibela. An embassy from the Patriarch of Alexandria visited Lalibela's court around 1210, and have left an account of him, and Na'akueto La'ab and Yetbarak. The Italian scholar Carlo Conti Rossini has also edited and published the several land grants that survive from his reign.

title: Gebre Meskel Lalibela


text:
Lasar Segall

Lasar Segall (July 21, 1891 – August 2, 1957) was a Lithuanian Jewish and Brazilian painter, engraver and sculptor. Segall's work is derived from impressionism, expressionism and modernism. His most significant themes were depictions of human suffering, war, persecution and prostitution.

Early life and education
Segall was born in Vilnius, Lithuania, the son of a Torah scribe.

Segall moved to Berlin at the age of 15 and studied first at Berlin Königliche Akademie der Künste from 1906 to 1910. At the end of 1910 he moved to Dresden to continue his studies at the Kunstakademie Dresden as a "Meisterschüler".

Expressionist Forum
Segall published a book of five etchings in Dresden, Sovenirs of Vilna in 1919, and two books illustrated with lithographs titled Bubu and die Sanfte. He then began to express himself more freely and developed his own style, which incorporated aspects of Cubism, while exploring his own Jewish background. His earlier paintings throughout 1910 to the early 1920s depicted troubled figures surrounded in claustrophobic surroundings with exaggerated and bold features, influenced by African tribal figures.

In 1912 his first painted series of works were conducted in an elderly insane asylum. Segall's work largely portrayed the masses of persecuted humanity in his Expressionist form. Later that year, he moved to São Paulo, Brazil, where three of his siblings were already living.

He returned to Dresden in 1914 and was still quite active in the Expressionist style. In 1919 Segall founded the 'Dresdner Sezession Gruppe 1919' with Otto Dix, Conrad Felixmüller, Otto Lange and other artists. Segall's exhibition at the Galery Gurlitt received multiple awards. However successful Segall was in Europe, he had already been greatly influenced by his time spent in Brazil, which had already transformed both his style and his subject matter. The visit to Brazil gave Segall the opportunity to obtain a strong idea of South American art and, in turn, made Segall return to Brazil yet again.

Beginnings in Brazil: Modernist trends
Though Segall was still a Russian citizen, he moved back to Brazil in 1923. Upon Segall's return to São Paulo he obtained Brazilian citizenship along with his first wife, Margarete.

While in Brazil, his paintings were influenced heavily by the Red Light District in Rio de Janeiro. Many Brazilian artists influenced Segall's subject matter and strengthened his Cubist form. He became acclimated within his newfound country and painted themes contributing to Brazil's countryside, mulattoes, favelas, prostitutes and plantations. Due to the harsh and extreme nature of Segall's portrayal of prostitutes and his depiction of human suffering, his artwork became controversial. This particular controversy in his artwork caused he and other well known artists to organize a pro Modernist event known as the Semana de Arte Moderna.

In the year 1922, the Semana de Arte Moderna was organized Segall included, being one of the mainstream forerunners in the art exhibition. The week-long event included Segall's work, as well as Anita Malfatti's largely controversial artwork. Not only were paintings included, but performances and other art forms were conducted at the event. Segall's avant garde innovations ranked him highly among other Brazilian outstanding modern artists during that time, like Candido Portinari and Emiliano Di Cavalcanti.

Though Segall had intended to reside exclusively in Brazil, he continued to return and forth to Europe for his own personal exhibitions. In 1925, Segall became extremely close to his pupil Jenny Klabin and eventually married her.

Sociedade Pro-Arte Moderna (SPAM)
In 1932, shortly after Segall's multiple visits to Paris and Germany he founded an organization along with other artists known as Sociedade Pro-Arte Moderna (SPAM). The organization was short lived (November 1932 - December 1934). Similar to the Semana de Arte Moderna, the organization included members of São Paulo's earliest modernist forerunners. SPAM's central idea was to serve as a link between artists, intellectuals, collectors, patrons, and the public as a whole. SPAM was also created to serve as a public environment for vanguard art in Brazil.

SPAM consisted of two exhibitions. The first exhibition showed works from the artists of the School of Paris from multiple São Paulo collections which acknowledged Brazilian artists of the time. The controversial Modernist artist, Tarsila do Amaral, also held her artworks in the exhibition as well as works of local artists such as Anita Malfatti, Victor Brecheret, John Graz, Regina Graz and Rossi Osir. The second half of the exhibition consisted of solely Brazilian artists from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro- such as di Cavalcanti, Ismael Nery, Portinari and Alberto da Veiga Guignard.

Also similar to the Semana de Arte Moderna, two significant "balls" were held by the leaders of the organization. The rooms in which the balls were held were named "Cidade de SPAM" (City of SPAM). Though these balls seemed to be fund raising events, they were merely performances to make audiences think about the ever-changing movement in Brazil. They consisted of live musical acts, dancers, built scenery and artwork and ornate costumes. The sets were meant to portray "mini towns", and SPAM even had its own newspapers, anthem and multiple governing bodies.

Segall's works included in the SPAM exhibition were two of his most important series of paintings in 1935; Campos do Jordao landscapes and the Portraits of Lucy. Lucy was an understudy pupil and Segall conducted a series of images dedicated to her. Campos do Jordao landscapes and the Portraits of Lucy depicted the world's outbreak of war, it portrayed genocides and indefinite tragedy.

The organization of SPAM fought for justice yet, disagreements arose between Integralists, known as Brazilian Fascists, that discriminated against foreigners in Brazil, especially Jews. With this large amount of controversy and intolerable strain on SPAM's membership, the group soon fell apart. A defeated Segall meant that the driving force behind the organization had come to an end.

Controversy in Europe
Segall's work was still gaining much positive credit still in Brazil, despite the dissolution of SPAM. The positive feedback considers Segall one of Brazil's most influential modernist artists. Although, back in Europe, his work was considered degenerate and preposterous. Specifically in Germany, his artwork was no longer able to be shown in exhibits. Fascism was rising quickly in Germany and many believed Segall's work to portray negatively on Europe's economic status due to the largely acknowledged outbreak of war.

This particular negative impact on his artwork then forced Segall to create a series of images of his troubled Jewish childhood and to depict the large number of emigration waves that he grew up with, as well. These images also portrayed universal suffering of human existence.

Later years
Still haunted by Rio de Janeiro's Mangue, Segall created images that stayed throughout his late career. Much of his earlier impact of human suffering led Segall to create one of his most famous artworks in 1939 and 1940, known as Navio de emigrantes (Ship of Emigrants). The image depicts a heavily condensed and large number of people on the dock of a ship. Although this does not coincide with much of Segall's previous work of human suffering, this provides the audience with a deep depiction of (at the time) the contemporary and controversial waves of emigrants and human affliction and persecution.

Later in the mid-1940s, Segall published his series of Mangue drawings that revealed poverty, specifically in the Rio de Janeiro slums. Becoming wholeheartedly closer to his Brazilian nationality, Segall portrays these images in a stark manner, yet the underprivileged and oppressed images provides a significant cultural identity for the Rio de Janeiro inhabitants.

From 1949 until his death in 1957, he continued to work on engraving and painting Mangue as well as producing a series entitled Wandering Women and Forests.

Subject matter and themes
Segall's subject matter was portrayed more subtly and softer in his early career. He did not depict much of the African influence on his artwork until he moved to Brazil. It was not until Segall visited Brazil for the first few times, that he branched out towards the Expressionist style. He was able to express himself in a freer manner while he portrayed the lifelong theme of his Jewish culture depicting the tribulations of European Jews. Although he was a humanist, he never forgot his Jewish roots.

Segall's initial paintings in Brazil reflect a strong national connection and passion for his newfound homeland. He portrayed the landscapes in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro and portrayed the different races without tension or malintention. However, Segall remained faithful towards his Cubist nature throughout the majority of his artworks. Specifically, one of his famous artworks, entitled Banana Plantation, shows a Brazilian banana plantation, thick in density. Segall achieved balance in this painting by centering the worker's neck and head protruding from the bottom of the painting. This causes the audience to be fully focused towards the center space. This significant symmetrical balance emphasizes the human element involved in the Brazilian agricultural system. The diminished amount of slavery in Brazil during this time period, the 1920s, abolished Brazilian-Negro slaves and replaced them with an overwhelming number of European workers coming to Brazil. This particular image portrays the engulfment of the plantations by the Europeans.

Other prominent theme in Segall's work is human suffering and emigration. In another famous artwork of Segall's, entitled Ship of Emigrants, a ship dock is overcrowded and engulfed with emigrant passengers. Not only does the image portray a dark and saddening emotion, but it significantly portrays the troubled figures aboard the ship. The solemn faces and lack of expression on the passengers blatantly shows the harsh reality of emigrants and their depressing lifestyles of forced moves.

Museu Lasar Segall
Lasar Segall's home in São Paulo is now a museum, furnished with his furniture, books and plants, as well his most famous works. It is also a non-profit organization respected highly among the community of São Paulo.

Museu Lasar Segall is also a center for the art community in São Paulo to participate in monitored cultural activities regularly. Art classes such as photography, engraving and the study of film are held in Segall's home. Also incorporated in the Museum is a large, highly acclaimed art library that holds specific books directed towards photography and the arts of spectacle.

The Museu Lasar Segall is preserved to explore the stimulating experiences within multiple forms of art while still keeping a Brazilian cultural identity. The form of art conducted in Brazil is of one entirely different than other art forms. The Museum is intact today because of Brazil's concern to maintain their strong nationality and to preserve Lasar Segall's culturally influenced art dedicated for Brazil.

Exhibitions

 * March 1913 solo exhibition in São Paulo; June 1913 solo exhibition in Campinas
 * 1920 large solo exhibition at the Museum Folkwang in Hagen; solo exhibition at the Schames Gallery in Frankfurt
 * 1922 takes part in International Art Exhibition in Düsseldorf
 * 1924 solo exhibition in São Paulo
 * 1926 exhibition at the Galerie Nierendorf, Berlin and another exhibition at Neue Kunst Fides Gallery, Dresden
 * 1927 solo exhibition in São Paulo
 * 1928 solo exhibition at the Rio Palace Hotel, Rio de Janeiro
 * 1935 takes part in the International Painting Exhibition at Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh
 * 1937 ten of his works are shown at the Nazi- Sponsored Degenerate Art Exhibition, Munich
 * 1938 solo exhibition at Renou et Colle Gallery, Paris
 * 1945 takes part in the exhibition Art Condemned by the Third Reich, Askanazy Gallery, Rio de Janeiro
 * 1948 solo exhibition at Associated American Artists Galleries, New York

List of artworks

 * tres jovens 1939, bronze sculpture, pinacoteca, Sao Paulo, Brazil
 * Os eternos caminhantes (The Eternal Wanderers), 1919, oil on canvas, Museu Lasar Segall, São Paulo
 * Nude Female Bust, 1920, pencil sketch, Museu Lasar Segall, São Paulo
 * Banana Plantation, 1927, oil on canvas, State Picture Gallery, São Paulo
 * Brazilian Landscape, 1927, watercolor, Museu Lasar Segall, São Paulo
 * The Third Class, 1928, drypoint on paper, Museu Lasar Segall, São Paulo
 * Rua do Mangue (Street of Mangue), 1928, drypoint and etching on paper, Museu Lasar Segall, São Paulo
 * Primeira classe (First Class), 1929, drypoint and etching on paper, Museu Lasar Segall, São Paulo
 * Emigrantes (Emigrants), 1929, drypoint on paper, Museu Lasar Segall, São Paulo
 * Favela (Shantytown), 1930, drypoint on paper, Museu Lasar Segall, São Paulo
 * Figura feminina reclinada (Reclining Woman), 1930, oil on canvas, Private Collection, São Paulo
 * Navio de emigrantes (Ship of Emigrants), 1939–1940, oil with sand on canvas, Museu Lasar Segall, São Paulo
 * Woman from the 'Mangue' with Persiennes, 1942, woodcut on Japanese paper, Museu Lasar Segall, São Paulo

title: Lasar Segall