text:
Bob Skilton

Robert John Skilton (born 8 November 1938) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented  in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Playing as a rover, Skilton is one of only four players to have won the Brownlow Medal three times—in 1959 (when he tied with Verdun Howell), 1963 and 1968. His Brownlow record is shared by Fitzroy's Haydn Bunton, Sr (1931, 1932, 1935), Essendon's Dick Reynolds (1934, 1937, 1938) and St Kilda's Ian Stewart (1965, 1966, 1971).

He was rated by Jack Dyer as better than Haydn Bunton, Sr and equal to Dick Reynolds, making him one of the best players in the history of the game. In September 2023 Skilton was elevated to Legend status in the Sport Australia Hall of Fame, only the 4th AFL player to achieve the honour.

The Sydney Swans Best and Fairest medal is named after him; the Bob Skilton Medal.

Family
The son of Robert Herbert Skilton (1901–1987) and Rita Skilton (1904–?), née McFarlane, Robert John Skilton was born on 8 November 1938.

His father, known as "Bobby", was a 440-yard professional athlete who played 149 games for Port Melbourne in the VFA from 1922 to 1929. As a prisoner of war of the Japanese, he survived the ordeal of working on the infamous Burma Railway.

He married Marion Joyce Stirling in 1960.

Football
Only 171 cm tall, Skilton was particularly fast and a skilled baulker, allowing him to evade opponents when necessary. He was never shy of attacking the ball, however, and in his 16-year career suffered many injuries, including concussion, a broken nose four times, a broken wrist three times and twelve black eyes.

One of his greatest assets was the ability to kick with both feet, a skill learned at the insistence of his father and developed by spending hours kicking the ball against a wall, collecting it on the rebound and kicking again with the other foot. It was impossible to say whether he was right or left footed, since his left foot gave greater accuracy, but his right greater distance. He had arguably the most accurate stab kick in the game.

Star of the 1953 Victorian Schoolboys' team (he kicked eight goals against West Australia in one of the championship's matches), and best and fairest for the South Melbourne (under 17) Fourth XVIII which played in the Melbourne Boys League in 1955, Skilton made his senior debut at the age of 17 in round five, 1956, and went on to play 237 matches for South Melbourne before he retired in 1971, at the time a club record. He scored 412 goals in that time and was the club's leading goalkicker on three occasions. Nicknamed "Chimp", he showed great grit and determination and became well known for giving maximum effort at all times.

It was his appearance on the front page of The Sun News-Pictorial in 1968 with two black eyes that earned him the Douglas Wilkie Medal. The black eyes were a consequence of a severe facial injury, which included depressed fractures of his cheekbones, due to collisions in successive weeks from Footscray's Ken Greenwood, his own teammate John Rantall and Len Thompson.

An extended series of graphic photographs displaying the true extent of Skilton's injury used to be on display at the team's rooms at the Lake Oval, prior to its move to Sydney (it is not on display in Sydney and it is commonly understood that it was first removed from display at the Lake Oval as part of the effort to get Tuddenham to coach South Melbourne in 1978).

He missed the entire 1969 VFL season after snapping an achilles tendon in a pre-season practice match against SANFL club Port Adelaide.

Chosen to represent his state in 25 games, Skilton captained the Victorian team in 1963 and 1965. The downside of his career was the lack of success of his club. He often said that he would trade any of his three Brownlow Medals for a premiership or even the chance to play in a Grand Final, and felt the highest point of his career was the one occasion South Melbourne made the finals in 1970 (under the great Norm Smith), finishing fourth after losing the first semi-final against St Kilda.

After 16 years at South Melbourne, including two years as playing coach in 1965–1966, and nine club best and fairest awards, Skilton then played for his boyhood team, Port Melbourne in the Victorian Football Association and later coached Melbourne from 1974 to 1977, with a best finish of sixth. Since then, Skilton has been honoured by being named captain of the Swans' team of the century, and named in the AFL team of the century. He was also the player featured inside the cover of the booklets of stamps featuring the Swans released by Australia Post to commemorate the centenary of the VFL/AFL.

Skilton made a speech in the post-match presentations of the 2005 AFL Grand Final following his team's first win in 72 years, and he was tasked to present the trophy at the 2012 AFL Grand Final.

Skilton is also the number-one ticket holder at the Ormond Amateur Football Club, who compete in the Victorian Amateur Football Association.

Recognition
1985 - Sport Australia Hall Fame inductee

2018 Queens Birthday Honours, Skilton was awarded the Order of Australia Medal (OAM).

2023 - Sport Australia Hall of Fame Legend

title: Bob Skilton


text:
Robbie Irons

Robert Richard Irons (born November 19, 1946) is a Canadian former ice hockey goaltender. He played one game in the National Hockey League with the St. Louis Blues during the 1968–69 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1967 to 1981, was mainly spent in the International Hockey League.

Playing career
He was born in Toronto, Ontario. He played for two minutes and 59 seconds of one game in the NHL with the St. Louis Blues during the 1968–69 season. This occurred only because the Blues' starting goaltender, Glenn Hall, was ejected from a game before his replacement, Jacques Plante, was prepared to enter. Irons tended the net until Plante was able to take over.

Irons shared with Christian Soucy the NHL record for the fewest career minutes by a goaltender. He was surpassed on December 31, 2016 when Jorge Alves played 7.6 seconds in his only NHL game.

Irons played 11 seasons in the IHL with the Fort Wayne Komets, earning six selections to the All-Star team. His jersey number 30 is retired by the team.

Broadcasting career
After he retired as an active player, Irons went on to a long-time career as an analyst with the Komets' legendary play-by-play announcer, Bob Chase. Chase and Irons were a team that stayed together for 33 years before Chase's death in 2016.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Robbie Irons


text:
Manoel Beckman

Manoel Beckman, also known as Bequimão, was a 17th-century trader, politician and farmer in Saint Louis of France, Maranhão in the North East of Brazil. He was son of a German father and a Portuguese mother, both of Jewish origin. He was investigated by the Portuguese Inquisition. In 1684, together with his brother Tomás and many rich farmers, he started a rebellion against the local colonial authorities and the Company of Commerce because of unfulfilled promises of shipments of African slaves and the abolition of native slavery. He also targeted the Catholic clergy, especially the Crown's Favourites, who protected the Christian natives. The insurrection was eventually put down by Loyalist troops and Beckman was hanged on November 2 1685.

title: Manoel Beckman


text: User talk:202.62.94.8

title: User talk:202.62.94.8


text:
User talk:Garric

Ok.

RCTV Bias
To put it quite bluntly, there isn't any, and you believing that there is makes you a Chavista Communist, out of the global mainstream and unable to promote neutrality. Arbiteroftruth 04:33, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to violate Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy by adding commentary and your personal analysis into articles, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Arbiteroftruth 21:04, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

On Stalking
I am NOT stalking. You are only using that excuse to cover up your sly introductions of Chavista bias into Wikipedia articles relating to Venezuela. Arbiteroftruth 01:07, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

O'Reilly Factor
Statements like "Stop sticking in false statements because of your political ideology," which you wrote in an edit summary here violate our policy of assuming good faith (WP:AGF). I am editing the O'Reilly article in good faith and have given you no evidence to the contrary. And obviously you have no idea what my political ideology is.

Furthermore, the statement that O'Reilly has cut guests mics is absolutely true. In fact it is impossible to deny it, and I've seen him do it myself. The Media Matters page which is cited (and which you should actually look at here if you have not) posts transcripts of the Factor where O'Reilly says things like "Cut his mike," "Cut her mike, please," and "All right, cut off her mic." Media Matters did not fake those transcripts, but even if you think they did and therefore don't believe them, why not wander over to You Tube and type "O'Reilly Jeremy Glick" in the search box? You can watch for yourself the most notorious example of O'Reilly cutting off a guest's mic.

Whether or not you think O'Reilly's tendency to cut off guests' mics is warranted, there is simply no question that it has occurred and that he has been criticized for it.--Bigtimepeace | talk | contribs 23:04, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

 * You can blithely assert, as you did on my talk page in reply to my comment above, that "cutting of mics is not proven," but the fact that it is proven--as proven as anything could be in this world--that it's on tape, that there are transcripts of O'Reilly saying "cut his/her mic" and yet you apparently choose to ignore this evidence does not speak well to your willingness to acknowledge basic facts which are inconvenient for you.

 * Also we could debate about whether or not Media Matters is a reliable source, but given that MM and O'Reilly have a feud there is no reason for the former not to be cited in a criticism section of the article on the latter's TV show. Kind of like how O'Reilly is cited in the first sentence of the criticism section of the Media Matters for America article, where it says, "Bill O'Reilly, who is frequently a target of Media Matters' criticisms, has accused them of "specializing in distorting comments made by politicians, pundits, and media people" while "smearing" those who do not agree with "left wing politics" such as Senator Joseph Lieberman."  Criticism of Media Matters from Rush Limbaugh is included there as well.  Unsurprisingly, here on Wikipedia "criticism" sections often cite people who are, well, critics.  As perhaps the most high profile group who regularly criticizes O'Reilly it is hardly surprising that Media Matters would be cited in the Factor article.--Bigtimepeace | talk |  contribs 02:58, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't exactly understand your last reply on my talk page, but it doesn't really matter since we are not getting anywhere with this back and forth. I did watchlist the O'Reilly Factor a few days ago (if that's what you mean by "sitting on the article" I guess I'm guilty, though it's not really considered a nefarious activity) but I can assure you I do not have any "vendetta" against O'Reilly and am making every effort to contribute to the article in a manner that respects NPOV.  I think this edit demonstrates an attempt to write an NPOV sentence which still communicated the idea that O'Reilly is a controversial figure (as he obviously is).  Happy editing and I think that's all I have to say on the matter at this point.--Bigtimepeace | talk |  contribs 04:21, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

FINAL POV VIOLATION WARNING
This is your last warning. The next time you violate Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy by inserting commentary or your personal analysis into an article, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Arbiteroftruth 06:39, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Please do not delete warning templates from your own talk pages.--Bigtimepeace | talk | contribs 19:55, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Your recent contributions
Hi, i spent some time reviewing your contributions, and I see that most of your edits were reverted by the other editors because they thought you were not editing in accordance with our WP:NPOV policy. I know it can be hard to keep an article neutral when you have a bias. You should therefore discuss the changes on the talk page before making any possibly controversial edit. If you can't agree with an other editor, you might want to ask a third opinion, or fill a request for comment. Keep in mind that in the worst cases, not complying with NPOV can lead to a block. -- lucasbfr talk 08:53, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

July 2008
This is the last warning you will receive for your disruptive edits. If you vandalize Wikipedia again, you will be blocked from editing. Loonymonkey (talk) 01:01, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

Hey Garric
You still around? What's your AIM? --Mrdie (talk) 09:23, 6 February 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Garric


text:
Jiang Mianheng

Jiang Mianheng (born 8 April 1951) is a Chinese academic administrator, businessman, and politician. He has served as Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the first President of ShanghaiTech University. He is the eldest son of Jiang Zemin, former President of the People's Republic of China.

Biography
Jiang is one of the co-founders of the Shanghai-based Grace Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation, which gained some coverage in the US press for their employment of Bush family member Neil Bush as a general consultant. He holds a PhD in Electrical Engineering from Drexel University with a dissertation titled Point contact tunneling study of the high transition temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 in 1991, where his father went for a visit in 1997. Jiang also served as one of the head researchers for the Chinese space program. In 2007, he failed to win nomination as a delegate to the 17th Party Congress.

He served as one of the Vice Presidents in the Chinese Academy of Sciences up until November 2011, then he became President of the academy's Shanghai branch until 2015. In 2014 he was appointed president of the newly established ShanghaiTech University.

Jiang has headed a number of national research programs in alternative energy and other technologies: "coal liquefaction, electric cars, mobile phone networks, particle accelerators, spaceships, lunar satellites and liquid fluoride thorium reactor."

title: Jiang Mianheng


text:
User talk:Amycrowther

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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I see that you uploaded both Image:Guy Chambers Wiki.jpg and Image:Guy mixing desk.jpg which appear to be identical. The one on the Guy Chambers article should be the one with a copyright status - I've done this. Can you let me know if your uploading of the other one was a mistake? Just leave a message on my talk page, and I will be able to delete the superfluous one for you. If I don't hear from you I'll probably delete it in few days anyway. --RobertG ♬ talk 15:39, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Nichalp
Hi! I think you wrongly posted this on my talk page. :)

''Hi Robert, I'm loving Wikipedia!! I'm sure i will be coming back for help as am still a rookie .. Please can you delete the other uncopywritted Guy picture you mailed me about, was a mistake. Thanks,Amy''

=Nichalp  «Talk»=  18:08, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Hello. Yes, I'll gladly delete that other image for you; thanks for letting me know. I'm pleased you're enjoying yourself here. Regards, RobertG ♬ talk 16:42, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Replaceable fair use Image:Guy_mixing_desk.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Guy_mixing_desk.jpg. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:

 * 1) Go to the image description page and edit it to add, without deleting the original Replaceable fair use template.
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

Alternatively, you can also choose to replace the fair use image by finding a freely licensed image of its subject, requesting that the copyright holder release this (or a similar) image under a free license, or by taking a picture of it yourself.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that fair use images which could be replaced by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted 7 days after this notification, per our Fair Use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Rettetast 17:31, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Amycrowther


text: File:King of the mountain single.jpg

title: File:King of the mountain single.jpg


text:
Talk:Squeeze (band)

Singles
I've been taking on the project of doing articles for each of the band's singles for the last few months -- haven't done anything on Wikipedia prior to that, so if there's anything I can do to polish / improve my work here, feel free to let me know! Mrmctorso

 * Looking forward to it! PitShig |  @    22:34, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

They are known for their hit songs "Cool For Cats," "Up The Junction," "Tempted," and "Hourglass," among many others.

Black Coffee in Bed should be listed there. I watched MTV a lot back in the day and here in the US I saw it on MTV more than any other Squeeze song.

Also info should be added about the VH1 Bands Reunited thing.

WOW! i appreciate your work really much, cheers!:O —Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.94.133.193 (talk) 09:58, August 27, 2007 (UTC)

Wasn't "Cool For Cats" re-released in the 1990s? It doesn't appear in the list. I definitely bought it on CD single! Beantrees (talk) 17:19, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

Removed ludicrous statement
"The two main writing partners in the band, Chris Difford and Glenn Tilbrook, are widely considered to be among the finest melodic pop songwriters of their generation and have often been compared with the legendary Lennon-McCartney partnership, although unlike The Beatles, Difford and Tilbrook's direct collaboration on songs continued through most of the group's career."

Do ya think perhaps a Squeeze fan wrote that? Damiancorrigan 11:22, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah I've thought about cutting that one myself. There are plenty of citations you could make from the early 80's about critics and A&M pushing to get the band labeled as "the new Lennon & McCartney" (the label even put that on a sticker on the first pressing of Sweets from a Stranger). The band hated being labeled as such, though, and blame a lot of their mediocre mid-'80s material on that ridiculous amount of pressure. So, in context, we could keep some of that in the article, but as it was, it came across as pure fan gushing. Mrmctorso 21:39, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

It was of course Rolling Stone magazine that first coined the phrase (one to haunt them over the years). The US version of Sweets from a Stranger had a flap on the cover promoting this. Mr Telecaster. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.129.73.212 (talk) 13:28, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Although the songwriting methodology might be worthy of a mention, provided their songs are still collaborations and not just credited as such. DavidFarmbrough (talk) 06:33, 22 August 2009 (UTC)

Removed dangling sentence re Kevin Wilkinson's suicide
Kevin Wilkinson did in fact hang himself at his home, but he was not a member of Squeeze at the time, and it's not really relevant to the band's history. Plus, the position of the sentence in the article was extremely awkward, and not realy connected to anything before it.

Of course, if you click on the Kevin Wilkinson link, details of his death are there, as they should be.

Date of birth is missing. It is written more like a fan story than factual. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.41.232.132 (talk) 01:45, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

Beginners' Guide
I know that the question "who was the lead singer of Squeeze?" would be below the radar of those who know enough about the band to contribute to the article. However, a beginner who asked this question should be able to find the answer here. Glenn Tilbrook's page refers to him as lead singer but is there a reason not to call him lead-vocalist on this page? Labalius (talk) 21:55, 27 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Good point, and something that needs properly addressing. Joint or co-lead vocalist status, possibly?

 * Derek R Bullamore (talk) 22:54, 27 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Glenn sings lead on many Squeeze songs, but Chris usually gets lead on one or two songs per album (and is the lead vocalist on the band's well-remembered UK hit "Cool For Cats"). Glenn and Chris sing together (more-or-less in harmony) on a number of songs, including Squeeze's first single "Take Me I'm Yours", as well as on many other tracks.  Paul Carrack was the lead vocalist on their big hit "Tempted", and also sings lead on "Loving You Tonight".  Jools Holland, when he was with the band, often got a lead vocal turn per album, as well as on a handful of B-sides.  Keith Wilkinson sings lead on "True Colours (The Storm)".  Guest vocalist Monique Dyan duets with Glenn on "Striking Matches", and guest vocalist Cathy Dennis duets with Glenn on "Temptation for Love".  192.30.202.20 (talk) 20:27, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

Great graphs
Just want to congratulate whoever did those fantastic band member graphs. This is the kind of thing that makes Wikipedia great!!!

Xzqx (talk) 15:36, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Then I noticed that the yellow "additional keyboards" bit of the legend is cut off on the middle graph. I tried to fix it by increasing the width of the graph but that completely borked it. It's a shame -- would be nice if someone more familiar with wikipedia graphs could try and fix -- or is it a bug in the wiki software? Xzqx (talk) 15:45, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

Harry Kakoulli or John Bentley played bass on Cool for Cats album?
This seems to be causing some controversy. My vinyl copy has Bentley as the bassist on the album but the CD lists the bassist as Kakoulli as well as having what appears to be a photo of Kakoulli. Bearing in mind the CD has a year of 1991 I assume that the CD has it wrong and the vinyl is correct. It is also Bentley who appears in the videos for all the singles from the Cool for Cats album. Just to complicate matters further both the "Singles, 45s and Under" vinyl and CD list Kakoulli as the bassist and the book "Squeeze song by song" refers to the first recording made by the Bentley lineup as November 1979.

I think that A&M records made the original mistake and that everyone else has followed suit. I think Kakoulli was ousted after the FIRST album (Squeeze) NOT the second album (Cool for Cats). Anyone know for sure before I change it?89.241.47.244 (talk) 19:22, 10 January 2009 (UTC)NH

 * Pretty sure Kakoulli did play bass on CfC for all the reasons you listed above, along with the fact that my vinyl copy does in fact name Kakoulli. I believe he was ousted after the album was recorded but prior to album promotion and touring, etc. Mrmctorso (talk) 22:56, 10 January 2009 (UTC)

Discography and live albums
The discography could also use a section on live albums, not just LPs and singles. __209.179.51.170 (talk) 22:09, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

Should "Singles, 45s and Under" be mentioned in the discography? It has its own wiki page.

Are compilation albums generally included in discographies? It went platinum, I believe it's one of their best sellers.Magnabonzo (talk) 01:09, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

 * MOS:MUSIC says that musicians that have a separate discography article usually only have studio albums listed in the main article. It also says, significant non-studio albums can be included on the artist's main page with consensus from other editors.
 * As Singles – 45's and Under is their highest charting UK album, and went platinum in the UK and US, I support its inclusion in the main article discography, together with some content about its success. IndigoBeach (talk) 14:39, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

External links modified
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If the band is disbanded...
The first sentence says that "Squeeze are a British band.." but the article later says Squeeze disbanded in 1999. Should this not say, therefore, that Squeeze were a British band? Vorbee (talk) 09:16, 23 December 2017 (UTC)
 * No — they disbanded in 1999 but re-banded 2007 and released their latest album only a couple of months ago, as the next paragraph makes clear. Qwfp (talk) 09:21, 23 December 2017 (UTC)

Nick Harper
He gets a mention in the story but is not included in the Timeline. Nick's own page describes him as a past band member, coming here I found it all a bit ambiguous & hard to get at. Just saying...86.148.15.250 (talk) 18:42, 9 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Harper may have felt as if he were a band member, but he explicitly appeared as a guest at shows (and on one track on Domino). He was never actually an official member of the group.  His Wikipedia entry says he was a touring member of Squeeze, which seems accurate.  70.29.86.232 (talk) 23:34, 21 October 2020 (UTC)

Known for
In the United States, Squeeze is known for Tempted and Pulling Mussels. These are the songs that receive radio play. I keep adding pulling mussels to the opening section of the article and it has been removed twice now by an editor Martinevans123. Pulling Mussels is their third most played song on spotify while neither "Hourglass" nor "853-5937" are in their top 10. Wikipedia is a living encyclopedia...hourglass and 853- may have been mtv-fueled hits but they are not what they are remembered for or known for. The very citation used to support the inclusion of hourglass and 853 mentions Pulling Mussels in its first paragraph as a notable song and doesn't mention either of these songs until its 6th paragraph, certainly giving the feeling that these are not their more popular songs.

Details, details, and more details
It's doubtful that even D&T's parents could have cared about the mountain of trivialities in this entry. Can someone pare this down about 70 percent so it is as long as it deserves to be? No offense to Squeeze, not Squeeze, sort of Squeeze, actually not really Squeeze, and Squeeze again. Nicmart (talk) 01:31, 13 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Squeeze (band)


text:
User:HJKeats

Fodder

Talk to me

Staging ground

New article contributions (complete list)

New article (bot)

Most recent edits/contributions

WikiProject NL

monobook

 * (X!'s Edit Counter history)

Mapping tools: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:Kartographer/OSM

title: User:HJKeats


text:
Scott Harlow

Scott Christopher Harlow (born October 11, 1963) is an American retired professional ice hockey left winger who played one game in the NHL with the St. Louis Blues during the 1987–88 NHL season. Harlow was selected in the 3rd round (61st overall) of the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Montreal Canadiens.

He also played in the AHL, IHL, and later in the BHL. He is currently the amateur scout of the Boston area of the Edmonton Oilers.

title: Scott Harlow


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Marcin mazur

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. -Splash talk 17:59, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Marcin mazur
Not english, and more importantly: Subject was deleted at the Polish Wikipedia. Punkmorten 15:42, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete Violation G4 as per nomination --CastAStone 18:21, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nominator. Hall Monitor 19:08, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Preston Campbell

Thomas Leon Preston Campbell  (born 7 June 1977) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played as a  or  in the National Rugby League (NRL) for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, the Penrith Panthers (with whom he won the 2003 NRL premiership) and the Gold Coast Titans. He was also a New South Wales Country, Dreamtime Team and Indigenous All Stars representative.

Early career
Campbell was born in Inverell, New South Wales, and started his rugby league career with the Inverell Hawks junior club. He made his NRL debut with the Gold Coast Chargers in 1998 as a fullback. The Chargers were disbanded at the end of the season.

Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
Preston moved on to play for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in 1999. He spent the first two seasons biding his time in reserve grade and occasionally filling in for injuries in first grade. It was in 2001 that he showed what he was capable of with his feats as a replacement fullback for the injured David Peachey. His electrifying speed and side-step combined with his diminutive stature and humility quickly endeared him to Cronulla fans.

It was expected by some that he would eventually return to the lower grades until he was needed again but coach John Lang had other ideas. Clearly Campbell was too talented to be wasted playing in reserve grade. With the return of David Peachey, he was no longer needed at fullback and Cronulla was struggling without a recognised halfback. Finding the solution to two problems Lang pencilled in Campbell for the halfback role. Combining with David Peachey and pivot Adam Dykes, the trio formed a devastating combination on the field as Cronulla pushed forward and made a serious bid for its 2001 finals campaign including one memorable game when Premiership favourites the Newcastle Knights were soundly beaten by the Sharks.

At the end of 2001, Preston Campbell was awarded the Dally M Player of the Year, beating Andrew Johns, the Newcastle Knights captain, by one point and became Cronulla's third Dally M medallist.

In 2002, with the arrival of new coach Chris Anderson and former Test halfback Brett Kimmorley at the club, he was overlooked for his preferred halfback role in place of Kimmorley. He was instead moved to the unfamiliar position of. After several disastrous games and seemingly very little interest in playing, he was dropped to reserve grade and, stating his desire to return to the position he had made his own, requested a release from Cronulla which was eventually granted in early August 2002.

Penrith Panthers
On 7 August 2002, it was announced that Campbell had agreed to terms with the Penrith Panthers (then under the guidance of his former mentor, John Lang) for a three-year term. Although Campbell had been given no guarantees on which position he would play, he said that he was looking forward to playing under John Lang once more.

In his first season with the Penrith Panthers in 2003, and back in his more familiar role at halfback/five-eighth, he proved to be a great asset to the team, playing every minute of every match for the entire season.

Campbell played at five-eighth in the 2003 NRL grand final-winning Panthers team, kicking two goals. As 2003 NRL premiers, the Panthers travelled to England to face Super League VIII champions, the Bradford Bulls in the 2004 World Club Challenge. Campbell played at five-eighth, missing his sole goal kick in the Panthers' 22–4 loss.

Gold Coast Titans
In 2005, with two seasons still to play with the Panthers, Campbell was the inaugural signing for the newly admitted NRL club, Gold Coast Titans. Campbell signed a three-year contract which commenced in 2007. Due to injury to other players such as Chris Walker, Campbell spent much of the 2007 season at fullback. Campbell had been playing well during the 2007 season and started the 2008 season in good form. He extended his contract with the Titans. He was named the 2008 Gold Coast Titans player of the year for his consistent and inspiring performances throughout the year. In 2009 he played halfback, five-eighth and fullback due to the injuries to players such as Scott Prince and Mat Rogers.

Campbell retired at the end of the 2011 season, and was honoured as the first life member of the Titans in 2019.

Accolades
In November 2008, Campbell was awarded the Ken Stephen Medal by the NRL at the One Community Awards for his tireless work with Indigenous communities. The award is given for outstanding service to the game, on and off the field.

In 2023, Campbell was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) for his services to rugby league.

Personal life
Campbell is a cousin of Nathan Blacklock and Greg Inglis. His son, Jayden, plays as a fullback for the Gold Coast Titans.

title: Preston Campbell


text:
Neil Hawryliw

Neil A. Hawryliw (November 9, 1955 – October 3, 2021) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger who played in one National Hockey League game for the New York Islanders during the 1981–82 NHL season.

Hawryliw signed with the Islanders in 1978 but, because the Islanders of the time were deep in talent, Hawryliw was largely confined to the Central Professional Hockey League and the International Hockey League.

After retiring from hockey, Hawryliw was director of the L.C. Walker Arena in Muskegon, Michigan. He married Joni Miller in 1982 and had one son, Nigel. Hawryliw died on October 3, 2021, in Norton Shores, Michigan.

title: Neil Hawryliw


text:
Peter Hayek

Peter Milton Hayek (November 16, 1957 – December 3, 2021) was an American professional ice hockey defenseman who played in one National Hockey League game for the Minnesota North Stars during the 1981–82 season, on December 10, 1981, against the Detroit Red Wings. He played his college hockey at the University of Minnesota under Herb Brooks. He won the 1979 NCAA Championship and was on the roster (JV team) for the 1976 Championship. He later coached youth hockey in Minnesota. Hayek died on December 3, 2021, from dementia.

title: Peter Hayek


text:
User talk:Destrogal~enwiki

wikiversity vote
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title: User talk:Destrogal~enwiki


text:
User:Billiefan2000

INFO
I am a 40 year old single male from Omaha Nebraska. I am a Independent and a moderate registered independent typechristian and am Pro-Israel.

I also consider I Wanna Hold Your Hand by The Beatles and Istanbul Not Constantinople by They Might Be Giants to be among the greatest breakup songs IMO of all time.

I also post more on message boards on various websites.

Is a fan of the short lived scifi series Deadly Games and also a fan of the tv shows Futurama, America's Most Wanted, and Big Bang Theory.

title: User:Billiefan2000


text: Template:Governors of Indiana

title: Template:Governors of Indiana


text: User talk:84.188.225.229

title: User talk:84.188.225.229


text:
Great Gidding

Great Gidding is a village and civil parish in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire, England.

Great Gidding lies approximately 10 mi north-west of Huntingdon. The village has a playing field, corner shop, village hall and several local businesses. There is one pub in the village, The Fox and Hounds. Surrounding towns and cities are Huntingdon, Oundle and Peterborough.

In 1870 Great Gidding was described as follows:

 * "GIDDING (Great), a parish in the district of Oundle and county of Huntingdon; on Alconbury brook, adjacent to Northamptonshire, 6 miles SW by S of Stilton, and 6½ SW of Holme r. station. Post town, Hamerton, under St."

At the 2011 Census, the parish had a population of 363.

History
Great Gidding was listed as Geddinge, Gedelinge and Redinges in the Domesday Book in the Hundred of Leightonstone in Huntingdonshire. The village contained three manors and 40.5 households.

On 10 June 1944, the US 8th Air Force was sent in a Flying Fortress called Bam Bam from RAF Molesworth to Nantes to shut down the German airfield there. Bam Bam had already done 42 missions and the crew reported strong smell of fuel inside however they were told to continue in air they reported to control that the smell was getting constantly worse and wanted to return. Soon after, it exploded 1/4 of a mile SW of Great Gidding. Six out of the ten aircrew died and four survived. Due to the controversy that the crew raised concerns but were ordered to fly, this was kept a secret for 70 years until 2014

Government
Great Gidding has a parish council consisting of six councillors. The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council. Great Gidding is part of Sawtry ward and returns two councillors to the council. District councillors serve for four-year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council. The village's highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council. Great Gidding is part of the electoral division of Sawtry and Ellington and is represented on the county council by one councillor.

At Westminster Great Gidding is in the parliamentary constituency of North West Cambridgeshire, and has been represented in the House of Commons by Shailesh Vara (Conservative) since 2005.

Great Gidding was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, the village was part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Then in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, Great Gidding became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire.

Geography
The village is near the Alconbury brook, which has a course of about 13 miles, rising near Lullington and joining the Ouse at Huntingdon. "The normal level of the Alconbury Brook at Hamerton in average weather conditions is between 1.05m and 1.87m."

Population
In the period 1801 to 1901 the population of Great Gidding was recorded every ten years by the UK census. During this time the population was in the range of 337 (the lowest was in 1901) and 563 (the highest was in 1851).

From 1901, a census was taken every ten years with the exception of 1941 (due to the Second World War).

All population census figures from report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight.

In 2011, the parish covered an area of 2330 acre and so the population density for Great Gidding in 2011 was 92.8 persons per square mile (35.8 per square kilometre).

In 1881, most workers were male and working in agriculture in comparison with the majority of women working in unknown category.

In the 2011 census, 195 people were employed: 38 worked in associate professional and technical occupations; 35 were managers, directors and senior officials; 34 were professionals; 23 were in the administrative sector; 10 were in elementary positions; six were in sales.

Age structure
Through comparing census data of both 2001 and 2011 we can see that in 2011 there were fewer young people but more old people. This is seen as in 2011 there were 101 people over 60 while 2001 had 73. In 2001 117 people were 29 and below while 2011 had only 106 people. Therefore, the mean age is different because in 2011 its 42.7 while 2001 was 37.57 This also gives further evidence to the current ageing population of the country

Marital and civil partnership status
In 2001 the large majority 173 out of 277 people were married, remarried or technically still married. 53 were widowed or divorced and 51 are single (never married). In 2011 however there was the added option of same-sex civil partnerships. Of this 4 out of the 304 people were in a same-sex civil partnership and 56.9% were married and 7 technically married. 24.7% were single (never married) while 45 people where divorced or widowed respectively.

Religion
In 2001, the village was 73% Christian and 11.6% no religion, with five people who identified as Hindu. In 2011, the village was 63% Christian and 21.5% no religion, with five Hindus, five Jews, four Muslims, and two Buddhists.

Culture and community
In 2002 a small wood was planted in the northeast of the village with public access via a path to celebrate the Queen's Golden Jubilee. It has a range of trees including oak and ash.

Education
The only school in Great Gidding,St Michael School, is now closed. The school is next to the church and was founded in 1845 by the Church of England but there is evidence of a school since 1750. In the past the role of headmaster went through families; for example, both Benjamin Horsford and his son Cornelius were headmasters from 1754. In 1944 the local education authority took over control but the school formerly had very strong links with the church for events such as Harvest and Easter.

Transport
Public transport to Great Gidding consists of one bus a week to Oundle and Huntingdon and one a month to Peterborough.67.6% of residents do not use the public buses. The main road is the B660.

Religious sites
The main church is called St. Michael. It has been recorded in historical reports since the 13th century, although it is not mentioned in the Domesday Book. From September 2019, the Benefice Rector has been Revd. Mandy Flaherty, with Revd. Canon Fiona Brampton as Associate Priest. After being in poor condition it was restored in 1870,and again in 1925. There are five bells at St Michael and many stained-glass windows as well as weathered gargoyles. It also contains a war memorial in the form of a stone plaque for the fallen, listing 36 names for World War I and 37 for World War II.

title: Great Gidding


text: Template talk:Governors of Indiana

title: Template talk:Governors of Indiana


text: User talk:86.135.207.36

title: User talk:86.135.207.36


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Littl'ans

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. — J I P | Talk 04:47, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Littl'ans
Excerpt: The Littl'ans are an English alternative band who have had marginal success in their short time performing. Punkmorten 15:48, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral. They are currently supporting Babyshambles and are due to release a single with Pete Doherty, so may be notable for those reasons. OpenToppedBus - Talk to the driver 15:58, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Borderline notability, but supporting Babyshambles, and releasing a single with Pete Doherty is just about notable enough in my book. KeithD (talk) 18:00, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Give them the benefit of the doubt, since they seem legitimately up-and-coming. Xoloz 05:20, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
John B. Sullivan

John Berchmans Sullivan (October 10, 1897 – January 29, 1951) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Missouri. He was a Democrat. He was married to Leonor Kretzer Sullivan.

Sullivan was born in Sedalia and moved to St. Louis, Missouri, at the age of 13. He attended parochial schools in Sedalia and St. Louis and graduated from Saint Louis University in 1918. During World War I he enlisted in the Army and served as a private in the infantry. He received his J.D. degree from Saint Louis University School of Law in 1922 and began working in private practice. He also became active in state and local politics.

From 1936 to 1938 he served as associate city counselor in St. Louis and from 1938 to 1940 he served as secretary to Mayor Bernard F. Dickmann. In 1940 he was elected to Congress. He was defeated in a bid for re-election in 1942, but was again elected to Congress in 1944. He was again defeated in 1946, but made another come-back in 1948. In 1950 he was re-elected. He died January 29, 1951, of a cerebral hemorrhage and was buried at Calvary Cemetery in St. Louis. In 1952 his widow Leonor Sullivan was elected to Congress and served until her retirement in 1976.

title: John B. Sullivan


text:
Almaty International School

Almaty International School (AIS) is a private school located in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Founded by QSI (Quality Schools International) in 1993, it is the third largest school out of all the QSI schools. The school offers an American-based Pre-K and K-12 programs. School facilities include: an elementary building, secondary building, annex (music building), small gym, big gym, library, cafeteria, birch room, birch tree area, field with an Olympic size track, 3 playgrounds, and the teachers apartments. The school hosts international events and participates in many sports events such as the CAXC (Central Asian Cross Country Classic), CASC (Central Asian Soccer Classic), CABC (Central Asian Basketball Classic), and CAVC (Central Asian Volleyball Classic). The school is also used as a site for SAT, PSAT and AP testing. The school is operated with the authorization of the Kazakhstani Government.

Study and Programs
Elementary students learn Literacy, Math, Cultural Studies, Science, World Languages, Music, Technology, Art, and PE (physical education). Middle and Secondary Students get to choose electives which include PE/Wellness, Technology, Music (Band/Orchestra/Choir/Guitar), Drama or Art. Students that can not go yet into the appropriate age program go to IE (Intensive English) classes for Literacy and World Languages. They move up when they can go to the appropriate program of their age. The school has 7 Success Orientations to follow:

The school is funded partially by the U.S. Department of State. The school is accredited by CEESA and MSA.
 * Responsibility
 * Kindness & Politeness
 * Trustworthiness
 * Aesthetic Appreciation
 * Concern for Others
 * Group Interaction
 * Independent Endeavor

History
Founded by QSI (Quality Schools International) in 1993, it is the third largest school out of all the QSI schools. The school offers an American-based Pre-K and K-12 programs. The school is fully accredited through Middle States Association (MSA) and affiliated with the U.S. Department of State Office of Overseas Schools (AOS).

Curriculum
The QSI education system differs from the traditional American system in several aspects. The naming of the key stages in the QSI curricular system diverges from typical naming. Additionally, the different stages cover different age groups. The table below represents all the changes: A variety of AP Courses is offered, ranging from AP World History to AP Chemistry. Spanish, French, Russian and Kazakh languages are offered in QSI Almaty. The school, being located in Kazakhstan, is obligated to abide by Kazakhstan's Ministry of Education's regulations. To meet the regulations, QSI Astana, QSI Aktau, QSI Atyrau, and Almaty International School (QSI Almaty) made Kazakh History, Kazakh Language, and Military Preparation classes mandatory for all Kazakh nationals. Intensive English class is compulsory for ESL (English as a Second Language) students who have struggles effectively communicating in English. A university counselor is also offered to the senior class. An AP Lab/Study Hall is offered to high school students with tight schedules and/or numerous AP subjects.

The QSI grading system also differs from that of traditional American schools: TSW ("The Student Will") are a set of guiding points that illustrate what the student should learn in the unit/subject. A TSW sheet is created by a group of teachers with expertise in that particular subject. Every unit in every subject has a TSW sheet.

All QSI schools are based on the course credit system. Each whole-year subject contains 10 units. Each semester-long subject contains 5 units. A single completed unit with a grade of B or above will earn a student 1 credit. A pupil must earn 220 credits throughout his secondary (high school) years and complete all mandatory subjects such as Algebra I and Biology to earn a Standard Diploma. If a student wishes to receive an Academic Diploma, they must earn 240 credits and embark on additional English and Social Science classes. With a student wishes to receive an Academic Diploma with Honors, he/she must complete 2 AP subjects between Secondary 1 and Secondary 4 as well as meeting the requirements of both the Standard and Academic Diploma. The student must complete the subject's AP exam with a score of 3 or above. The mandatory courses for the 3 diplomas are as listed:

AP Courses
The school offers 18 AP Courses which include:

 * AP Art
 * AP Calculus AB
 * AP Statistics
 * AP Biology
 * AP Chemistry
 * AP Environmental Science
 * AP Physics 1
 * AP Capstone/Research
 * AP Music Theory
 * AP Seminar
 * AP Language/AP Literature
 * AP Human Geography
 * AP World History
 * AP Micro/Macro Economics
 * AP Spanish Language
 * AP French Language
 * AP Computer Science Principles
 * Pre-AP English

title: Almaty International School


text: Talk:Teesside

title: Talk:Teesside


text: Category:Schools in Kazakhstan

title: Category:Schools in Kazakhstan


text: Category:Education in Kazakhstan

title: Category:Education in Kazakhstan


text:
User talk:Fephisto

I have sent you a note about a page you started
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"Elifism" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Elifism and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 July 24 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. signed,Rosguill talk 18:51, 24 July 2022 (UTC)

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Appreciation for your NATO edits
Hey Fephisto,

Just came by to your page to say thanks for your clarification on the North Atlantic Treaty Organization talk page, including the Cuban Missile Crisis and the recent Poland Missile Strike. Keep it up mate.

Happy Holidays, MateoFrayo (talk) 01:32, 30 November 2022 (UTC)

CS1 error on Yakhchāl
Hello, I'm Qwerfjkl (bot). I have automatically detected that this edit performed by you, on the page Yakhchāl, may have introduced referencing errors. They are as follows: Please check this page and fix the errors highlighted. If you think this is a false positive, you can [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?action=edit&preload=User:Qwerfjkl/Botpreload&editintro=User:Qwerfjkl/boteditintro&minor=&title=User_talk:Qwerfjkl&preloadtitle=Qwerfjkl%20(bot)%20–%20Qwerfjkl (bot)&section=new report it to my operator]. Thanks, Qwerfjkl (bot) (talk) 15:57, 7 May 2023 (UTC)
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 * I think I got it...? Fephisto (talk) 17:06, 7 May 2023 (UTC)

Citations in the lead
Hello, and thanks for addressing the [citation needed] tag on Night of the Living Dead. I'm responding here to a question you posed in your edit summary: "Including citation near the top instead of just eliminating citation needed and shoving a comment in the edit history where nobody can see it. This is on the front page of Wikipedia atm, so it'd be nice for folks to more conveniently see where this is sourced from. Also, aren't citations supposed to be right next to the claim instead of buried in a subsection?"

Citations in the lead aren't typically required by Wikipedia policies or guidelines because the top (lead) section is meant to summarize the rest of the cited content. Per WP:WHENNOTCITE, "Citations are often omitted from the lead section of an article, insofar as the lead summarizes information for which sources are given later in the article, although quotations and controversial statements, particularly if about living persons, should be supported by citations even in the lead." Happy Halloween, Rjjiii  (talk) 16:46, 31 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Thank you. Fephisto (talk) 15:12, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

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text:
Beda Fomm

Beda Fomm is a small coastal town in southwestern Cyrenaica, Libya. It is located between the much larger port city Benghazi to its north-west and the larger town of El Agheila further to the south-west. Beda Fomm is known mainly for being the site of the final engagement of Operation Compass (December 1940 to February 1941) in the Second World War.

World War II
In late January 1941, during Operation Compass, the British learned that the Italians were evacuating Cyrenaica by way of Beda Fomm. The 7th Armoured Division was dispatched to intercept the 10th Army. Halfway to their destination, it was evident that the division together was too slow and Combeforce, a flying column was sent on the direct route across the desert. On 5 February 1941, Combeforce arrived to cut off the retreating remnants of the 10th Army. The following day, the Italians arrived and attacked but failed to break through the blockade. The fighting was close and often hand-to-hand; at one point, a regimental sergeant major captured an Italian tank by hitting the commander over the head with the butt of his rifle. The final effort came 7 February, when 20 Italian Fiat M13/40 tanks broke through the thin cordon of riflemen and anti-tank guns, only to be stopped by field guns, yards from regimental HQ. The officer commanding Italian forces was General Giuseppe Tellera, who was mortally wounded and Lieutenant-General Ferdinando Cona assumed command, only to be captured by the British. After that failure, with the rest of the 7th Armoured arriving and the 6th Australian Division bearing down on them from Benghazi, the Italians surrendered. A fictional version of the battle may be found in C.S. Forester's short story "An Egg for the Major", in the collection Gold from Crete (1941).

title: Beda Fomm


text:
Sil (river)

The Sil is a river in León (Castile and León) and Galicia, Spain, a tributary of the Miño. Its total length is 225 km. The source of the Sil is in the Cantabrian Mountains in the Leonese town of Villablino. It flows through the provinces of León and Ourense. The largest city on the Sil is Ponferrada (León). The Sil flows into the Miño upstream from Ourense.

Mouth
The river joins the Miño river in Os Peares, in the province of Ourense.

Generally, the hierarchy between rivers is performed by taking into account which junction has more volume and length. In this case, as with the Esla and Pisuerga with the Duero, the Sil has flows larger than the Miño at the junction. There is a saying that goes, "The Miño has the fame, but the Sil gives it water" (in Spanish, El Miño lleva la fama y el Sil le da el agua). The Sil river also surpasses the Miño in length by about 20 km.

Course
The Sil runs through the León districts of Babia, Laciana, El Bierzo and La Cabrera, and Ourense Valdeorras, among other locations across Villablino, Ponferrada, O Barco de Valdeorras, A Rúa, Quiroga and Ribas de Sil.

Tributaries

 * Left bank: Valseco, Boeza, Oza, Cabrera, Bibei, Navea and Mao.
 * Right bank: Caboalles, Valdeprado, Barredos, Cúa, Burbia, Selmo, Soldón, Lor and Cabe.

Gold deposits
The river has been a rich source of alluvial gold, and was most extensively exploited during the Roman period, following the conquest of north-west Spain by Augustus in 25 BC. The upper reaches of the river possessed large placer deposits, and the region around Las Médulas yielded large amounts of gold. It was extracted using hydraulic mining, involving the building of numerous aqueducts to expose and wash the alluvial formations.

Etymology
According to Pokorny and to E. Bascuas, "Sil" would belong to the old European hydronymy, derived from the Indoeuropean root *sei- 'drip, run, humid'.

title: Sil (river)


text:
Roberto Castillo Sandoval

Roberto Castillo Sandoval (born November 14, 1957, in Santiago, Chile) is a Chilean author, translator and professor of Spanish and Comparative Literature at Haverford College in Haverford, Pennsylvania. He has a Ph.D. and A.M. in Romance Languages and Literatures from Harvard University (1992 and 1987, respectively), an M.A. in Latin American Literature from Vanderbilt University (1985) and a B.A. in Sociology from Kenyon College (1982).

His latest novel, La novela del corazón (Laurel Editores, 2022) loosely based on the history of heart transplants in Chile in the 1960's, won the prestigious Premio Municipal de Literatura, Chile's oldest continuous literary award, in 2023.

His novel in the form of fictional obituaries, Muertes imaginarias (Laurel Editores, 2020) was named "Best of 2020 Fiction Book" by the Chilean Art Critics Circle.

His novel Muriendo por la dulce patria mía (Planeta, 1998; republished, with a new version and postscript by Laurel Editores, 2017) is a fictional account centered on Chilean heavyweight boxer Arturo Godoy.

A collection of essays and chronicles, 'Antípodas. Ensayos y crónicas' (Cuarto Propio, 2014) was one of three finalists for the Santiago Municipal Prize in the Essay category, 2015.

Among his translations from English into Spanish are Herman Melville's Bartleby, the Scrivener and Nathaniel Hawthorne's Wakefield, published by Hueders in 2017 and 2019, respectively.

In addition, he has published scholarly essays on Latin American colonial and contemporary literature, short fiction, poetry, travel chronicles, and literary and opinion columns for Chilean, Argentinean, American, and Spanish print and web media.

He maintains the blog Antípodas, which hosts a selection of his essays, fiction, and translation work.

title: Roberto Castillo Sandoval


text:
Aricia (mythology)

Aricia (Ἀρικία, Arikía) is a name appearing in Virgil's Aeneid in a context that makes it possible for it to be interpreted as referring to a mythical personage:

Ibat et Hippolyti proles pulcherrima bello, Virbius, insignem quem mater Aricia misit...

(Rough translation: "To the war also came the most fair offspring of Hippolytus, Virbius, whom, distinguished, mother Aricia sent...")

It may appear from the quoted passage that Aricia is the mother of Virbius by Hippolytus. Yet Virbius is commonly the name by which Hippolytus himself was known after he was brought back to life on the request of Artemis. As for Aricia, Servius, in his commentary on the lines in question, explained that Virgil had been referring to the town Aricia, using the epithet "mother" with the town's name in honor of Octavian Augustus, whose mother was a native of Aricia. Indeed, Aricia was a location holy to Diana (equated with Artemis) near Rome where Egeria, the spirit of a nearby stream, shared with Diana the guardianship of childbirth, and where Hippolytus (Virbius) was said to have been brought by Artemis after his resurrection.

Nevertheless, the passage in the Aeneid seems to have given rise to a literary tradition concerning Aricia as a consort of Hippolytus. Giovanni Boccaccio in his Genealogia Deorum Gentilium states that Theodontius was wrong in making Hippolytus celibate and explains that the character was known to have had a love affair with an Athenian noblewoman named "Aritia". Aricia (French Aricie) is also a major character in Jean Racine's Phèdre, where she is made out to be the sole surviving member of the house of Pallas.

title: Aricia (mythology)


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Zack Snyder

Zachary Edward Snyder (born March 1, 1966) is an American film director, producer, and screenwriter. He made his feature film debut in 2004 with Dawn of the Dead, a remake of the 1978 horror film of the same name. Since then, he has directed or produced a number of comic book and superhero films, including 300 (2006) and Watchmen (2009), as well as the Superman film that started the DC Extended Universe, Man of Steel (2013), and its follow-ups, Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) and Justice League (2017), as well as the director's cut of Justice League that was later released in 2021. He also directed the animated film Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010), the psychological action film Sucker Punch (2011), the zombie heist film Army of the Dead (2021), and the two-parter space opera films Rebel Moon (2023) and Rebel Moon – Part Two: The Scargiver (2024), with the R-rated director's cuts to be released in mid-2024.

In 2004, he founded the production company The Stone Quarry (formerly known as Cruel and Unusual Films) alongside his wife Deborah Snyder and producing partner Wesley Coller.

Early life
Zachary Edward Snyder was born in Green Bay, Wisconsin, and raised in Riverside, Connecticut. His mother, Marsha Manley (née Reeves; d. 2010), was a painter and a photography teacher at Daycroft School, which Snyder later attended. His father, Charles Edward "Ed" Snyder, worked as an executive recruiter. Marsha always nurtured her son's artistic side, buying him his first film camera. He grew up in Greenwich, Connecticut. He has an older sister, Audrey, and was raised as a Christian Scientist. He also had a brother, Sam, who died when Snyder was a teenager.

Snyder attended Camp Owatonna in Harrison, Maine, during the summer months as a child. Snyder studied painting a year after high school at Heatherley School of Fine Art in England, although he had already begun filmmaking. Back in high school, Snyder struggled due to his dyslexia and made his first film there with the camera his mother bought him, using it to make an unflattering commentary about his school's administration that got him expelled. Afterward, Snyder attended Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California. He graduated with a BFA in film in 1989.

The production notes for Snyder's first film Dawn of the Dead describes Snyder as "a comic book and horror film enthusiast in his youth".

Career
Snyder made his feature film debut with the remake of the horror film Dawn of the Dead (2004), and scored a box office hit with the fantasy war film 300 (2006), adapted from writer-artist Frank Miller's Dark Horse Comics miniseries of the same name. His Warner Bros. film Watchmen was released on March 6, 2009, and grossed $185 million worldwide. His follow-up project/animation debut, Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole, was released on September 24, 2010. Snyder produced, co-wrote, and directed Sucker Punch, which was released on March 25, 2011. The film, based on a script written by Snyder and Steve Shibuya, was about a young woman in a mental hospital who fantasizes of escape with her fellow inmates.

He directed 2013's Man of Steel for Warner Bros., a reboot of the Superman franchise and the jumpstart to the DC Extended Universe (DCEU) and produced the prequel/sequel to 300, 300: Rise of an Empire (2014).

During Comic Con 2013, Snyder announced that Batman and Superman would share the screen in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, released in 2016. Snyder directed, Cavill reprised his role as Superman, and Ben Affleck played Batman. Snyder directed Warner Bros.' 2017 Justice League, but he exited during post-production to deal with the death of his daughter, Autumn Snyder. His replacement was Joss Whedon.

On January 29, 2019, Snyder announced that he had signed on to helm Army of the Dead, a zombie heist thriller, for Netflix. Snyder directed and produced the film with his partner and wife, Deborah Snyder, via their newly rebranded production company, The Stone Quarry. His agreement with Netflix has since expanded into several Army of the Dead projects; Army of Thieves, a prequel released in 2021, and Planet of the Dead, a sequel to be created.

On May 20, 2020, Snyder announced that Zack Snyder's Justice League would be released on the streaming service HBO Max in 2021. The film was released on March 18, 2021.

In July 2021, Snyder was officially announced to be developing the film Rebel Moon for Netflix. It was inspired by Star Wars and the films of Akira Kurosawa. Filming began in April 2022 and lasted until November that year, with the project being developed as a two-part film.

Future and potential projects
Snyder will produce Twilight of the Gods, an anime-style web series inspired by Norse mythology for Netflix. Snyder is also developing a King Arthur film, which he said will be a "faithful retelling". It will be set during the American Gold rush era.

Following Rebel Moon, Snyder will return to direct Planet of the Dead, a sequel to Army of the Dead. He also signed a first-look deal with Netflix.

Snyder has been developing Horse Latitudes, a film about two war photographers, since 2011 although the project is on hold while he works at Netflix.

In 2022, Snyder expressed interest in directing a science fiction film adaptation of the Adult Swim cartoon series Rick and Morty, feeling that such a film would be the closest project he could tackle to make a comedy film.

In a November 2023 interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Snyder stated that while he no longer has any interest in tackling superhero comic book adaptations in light of the DCEU continuity's conclusion with Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom, he would only consider returning for the DC Universe if James Gunn invites him back to direct a faithful adaptation of Miller's The Dark Knight Returns comic book.

Style
Snyder often uses slow motion, particularly the technique of speed ramping, in and out of the fight scenes in his films, differing from other directors who make multiple cuts and close-ups during a fight. A minute-long shot from 300 shows King Leonidas slaughtering his enemies, the camera zooming in and out to emphasize each kill and move Leonidas makes.

Snyder said "There are other superhero movies where they joke about how basically no one's getting hurt. That's not us. What is that message? That it's okay that there's this massive destruction with zero consequence for anyone? That's what Watchmen was about in a lot of ways too. There was a scene, that scene where Dan and Laurie get mugged. They beat up the criminals. I was like the first guy, I want to show his arm get broken. I want a compound fracture. I don't want it to be clean. I want you to go, 'Oh my God, I guess you're right. If you just beat up a guy in an alley he's not going to just be lying on the ground. It's going to be messy'."

The Netflix production Army of the Dead was a special project for Snyder as he served as his own cinematographer, as well as this being his first film shot digitally.

Reception
Snyder has been described as one of the most polarizing directors of modern cinema. David Ehrlich of IndieWire wrote that Snyder's "name alone is enough to launch a thousand angry tweets, and the most passionate writing about his work is exclusively found in the comment sections of websites like this one. Snyder's critics really seem to hate him, and Snyder's fans really seem to hate his critics ... Is Snyder a master or a hack? A misunderstood myth-maker, or a meathead with a movie camera?" Film critic Armond White listed Snyder as one of the four best filmmakers of the 2010s. Director James Cameron praised Snyder, listing him as one of the filmmakers who created their own "cinematic language".

Personal life
In 2009, Snyder listed Excalibur, Mad Max 2, A Clockwork Orange, Blue Velvet, and RoboCop as his five favorite films.

Family
Snyder lives in Pasadena, California with his second wife, producer Deborah Johnson. The couple first met in 1996, began dating in 2002, and married on September 25, 2004, at St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church in Manhattan, New York. He was previously married to Denise Weber.

Snyder has eight children: two biological children and two adopted daughters with Weber, two biological sons from a relationship with Kirsten Elin, and two adopted children with Johnson. The suicide of his daughter Autumn prompted Snyder to withdraw from post-production work on Justice League in May 2017 to be with his family, which resulted in Joss Whedon completing the film in his place.

Philanthropy
Following his daughter's suicide, Snyder became involved in philanthropic activities directed towards suicide prevention and mental health awareness. Snyder promoted this effort on social media by selling clothing and merchandise related to the Snyder Cut; in May 2021, it was revealed that this effort had raised more than $750,000 in charitable donations to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention.

In another effort to help with suicide prevention, Snyder included a billboard for the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention with the message "You are not alone" in a scene in Zack Snyder's Justice League. The film features other tributes to his late daughter.

Snyder directed two PSAs for the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society in 2018.

In 2021, Snyder partnered with Save the Children, a global child rights organization, to build a 100-bed temporary hospital facility in Delhi to help fight the COVID-19 pandemic in India.

Political views
Although his films have been critiqued as having "right-wing" messages, politically, Snyder is a Democrat. He endorsed Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election. In a 2021 interview with The Guardian, he stated: "I vote Democrat! I'm a true lover of individual rights. I've always been a super-strong advocate of women's rights and a woman's right to choose, and I've always been surrounded by powerful women. And, of course, I'm a huge advocate for the rights of all ethnicities and every walk of life. I would say I'm a pretty liberal guy. I want to make sure everyone's heard and everyone feels included. I don't have a rightwing political agenda. People see what they want to see. For me, that was not certainly the point."

Awards and nominations
Snyder's body of work has earned him a number of awards, including two Clio Awards and a Gold Lion Award for his Jeep "Frisbee" commercial. He also won the Society of British Advertisers Award for Humor for his controversial EB Beer commercial "General's Party".

title: Zack Snyder


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Cash balance plan

A cash balance plan is a defined benefit retirement plan that maintains hypothetical individual employee accounts like a defined contribution plan. The hypothetical nature of the individual accounts was crucial in the early adoption of such plans because it enabled conversion of traditional plans without declaring a plan termination.

Basics
The employees' accounts earn a fixed rate of return that can change over a period of time from year to year. Although it works much like a defined-contribution plan, it is actually a defined-benefit plan for legal purposes. In 2003, over 20% of US workers with defined benefit plans were in cash balance plans, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics data. Most of these plans resulted from conversions from traditional defined-benefit plans. The status of such plans was in legal limbo (see below), and the number of conversions slowed. However, legislation was recently passed that cleared the way for plan sponsors to adopt cash balance plans.

Conversion controversy
Cash balance conversions have been controversial and have raised the ire of workers and their advocates. In 2005 the Government Accountability Office (GAO) released a report analyzing the effects of cash balance conversions on worker benefits. They found that in a typical conversion the cash balance plan would provide lower benefits for most workers than if the defined-benefit plan had remained unchanged and the worker had stayed in their job until retirement age. This decline in benefits tends to be largest for older workers. This is because in a traditional plan, where benefits are based on final average pay, the "value" of the benefits accrues much faster for older workers than for younger workers. In contrast, in a DC or cash balance plan, contributions are made at the same rate (by workers in the DC plans and by the employer in the cash balance plan), and a dollar contributed to a younger worker's account is actually more valuable because it has more time to compound before retirement. Thus some argue that cash balance plans hurt older workers.

On the other hand, this may not be the relevant comparison. If the alternative to cash balance conversion is that the plan is frozen or terminated (with the vested balance going to the worker), all workers would be much worse off than in a cash balance conversion. This is a realistic possibility; tens of thousands of defined benefit plans have been frozen and/or terminated in the last two decades, far more than have been converted to cash balance plans. Likewise, for the many employees who leave their job before retirement (whether voluntarily or not), many would be better off under the cash balance conversion than under the original defined-benefit plan. In addition, about half of cash balance conversions have grandfathered in some or all of the existing participants in the defined-benefit plan.

Types of pensions
The 401(k) plan is an example of a defined contribution plan because the Internal Revenue Code §414(i) states [t]hat the term defined-contribution plan means any plan that provides retirement benefits to a worker based solely on the amount contributed to the (worker's individual) account and any (investment) income, gains net of any expenses and losses.

Under the definition of accrued benefit under Code §411(a)(7)(A)(ii) in the case of a plan that is not a defined benefit plan, [the term accrued benefit] means the balance [in] the employee's [individual] account. On the other hand, for defined-benefit plans, Section §411(a)(7)(A)(i) states that "accrued benefit" means "the employee’s [] annual benefit" as it is "determined under the plan … expressed in the form of an … [annuity] … commencing at normal retirement age." Finally, the Code's definition for defined benefit plans are all plans that are not defined contribution plans.

Cash balance plans are defined-benefit plans that look like defined-contribution plans. A worker's right to a pension in a defined-benefit plan represents a contingent liability, and hence an uncertain financial obligation to the employer sponsoring the plan. Section 412 of the Code requires the employer to make annual contributions to the plan to ensure that the plan assets will be sufficient to pay the promised benefits later at retirement. As part of this process the plan is required to have an actuary perform annual "actuarial valuations" in which the present value of each worker's "accrued benefit" is estimated and then each present value for each worker covered by the plan is added up so that the minimum annual contribution can be determined.

The "actuarial present values" for the "accrued benefit" for each worker is the lump sum dollar amount that represents the financial value of the employer's liability on the date of the valuation. It does not include the future accrual of pension benefits nor does it include the effect of projected future salary increases. Thus the lump sum value for each worker is not based on that worker's projected final salary at retirement, but only the worker's salary on the date of valuation.

Design of plans
Some cash balance plans communicate to workers that these "actuarial present values" are "hypothetical accounts" because upon termination of service, the employer will give the former worker the option to take "all his money" from the pension plan out. In reality, if both the worker and employer agree, even in a normal defined-benefit plan a former worker may take away "all his money" from the pension plan. There are no legal differences in this "portability" aspect between a traditional defined-benefit plan and a cash balance plan.

A typical "design" for a cash balance plan would provide each worker a "hypothetical account" and pay credits in the current year of say 5% of current salary. In addition, the cash balance plan would provide an interest credit of say 6% of the prior year's balance in each worker's "hypothetical account" so that the current year's balance would be the sum of the prior year's balance and the current year's pay credit and an interest credit on prior year's balance. For a worker who starts at age 25 with a $2000 a month starting salary, he would start with a zero account balance and the first year's pay credit would be $1200 leaving him with an end of first year balance of $1200 in his "hypothetical" account. Because his beginning of first year balance was zero, his interest credit for the first year is also zero. In his second year, with a 3.5% salary increase his monthly salary would be $2070 on his 26th birthday. The 5% pay credit for this second year would be $1242. Because his second year "hypothetical account" starts the year with a $1200 balance, the interest credit at 6% would be $72. Adding the beginning balance of $1200 to the $1242 pay credit and $72 interest credit would give an ending balance in the "hypothetical" account of $2514 ($2514 = $1200 + $1242 + $72) for the second year. Repeat this process for each ensuing year until termination. This creates a hypothetical account balance from which the legally required benefit -- an annuity payable for the life of the participant or beneficiary who elects to commence payment at normal retirement age—can be calculated. This is due to requirement that benefits be definitely determinable found in the IRS Regulations Section 1.401.

Lump sum calculation cases
In 1993, the Third Circuit decided in Goldman v. First National Bank of Boston that the terminated worker did not demonstrate that the adoption of the cash balance plan violated age discrimination rules. In 2000, the Eleventh Circuit in Lyons v. Georgia Pacific and the Second Circuit in Esden v. Bank of Boston decided that the employer violated rules for calculating lump sums, and a district court in Eaton vs. Onan Corp. decided that adopting the cash balance plan did not violate age discrimination rules. In early 2003, the First Circuit in Campbell v. BankBoston did not decide that the employer violated the age discrimination rules against a former worker because the former worker made a procedural error and brought the issue up late.

Then in summer of 2003, the Seventh Circuit in Berger v. Xerox Corp. Retirement Plan, decided that the lump sum calculation for workers terminating service prior to retirement who were covered by the defendant cash balance pension plan cannot violate the rules for defined-benefit plans and in a district court in Illinois in Cooper vs. IBM Personal Pension Plan, decided that the very design of the cash balance plan – the issue that the Campbell court only reached in dicta – had indeed violated the age discrimination rules because the "rate of benefit accruals" did "decrease" on account the "attainment of any age."

The Lump Sum cases all held that because cash balance plans were defined-benefit plans, they had to abide by the rules for defined benefit plans when the employer calculates the lump sum actuarial present value by first accruing the account balance to normal retirement age and then converting the account balance at retirement age into a life annuity before then discounting back to the current date at a statutorily required discount rate. Because these cash balance plans were designed to "look like" defined-contribution plans, the defendants asserted that these cash balance pension plans were not true defined-benefit plans but were "hybrid" plans instead. Therefore, because, they were "hybrids" and looked like defined-contribution plans and because workers are only entitled to the actual balance in defined-contribution plans, the plaintiffs should get lump sums equal only to their "hypothetical" account balances. In Berger v. Xerox, Judge Richard Posner noted in the case – "for hybrid read unlawful" – held that the lump sum amounts should have been larger. So the cash balance plan is not an exotic "hybrid" plan in the eyes of the law but remained in the defined-benefit part of the pension taxonomy.

This process of taking the account balance forward from the terminated worker's current age up to the worker's normal retirement age, before discounting back to the current age is sometimes called the "whipsaw." If the interest rate used for discounting back is lower than the rate used for interest credits on the hypothetical account balances, then the legally required lump sum values would be higher than the worker's account balance in his hypothetical account.

Age discrimination cases
Proponents of cash balance plans advocate that these plans do not violate the age discrimination statutes applicable to defined benefit-pension plans. The statutes forbid – in virtually the same words – any plan from reducing "the rate of benefit accrual" for any worker on account "of the attainment of any age". Although the Code defines the "accrued benefit" for any worker covered by defined-benefit plans as "expressed in the form of an annual benefit commencing at normal retirement age" and defines "normal retirement benefit" as the "greater of the early retirement benefit under the plan, or the benefit under the plan commencing at normal retirement age", the supporters of such cash balance plans still argue that the terms "accrued benefit" and "rate of benefit accrual" are ambiguous or undefined.

In Onan Corp., District Court Judge Hamilton agreed with the supporters of cash balance plans and held that the cash balance plan design did not violate age discrimination because the terms "rate of benefit accrual" and "accrued benefit" were not defined in the relevant statutes. But the terms "accrued benefit" and "rate of benefit accrual" have long been very familiar and unambiguous to pension actuaries. It was because the terms were so unambiguous to actuaries that they could construct the initial balances in each worker's "hypothetical" account for these new cash balance pension plans. Also, §411(a)(1)(7) of the Code defines "accrued benefit". Thus pension actuaries are very familiar with changes in accrual rate factors used in a traditional defined-benefit pension plan's formula.

In Kathi Cooper v. IBM Personal Pension Plan, District Court Judge Murphy in 2003 came to the opposite conclusion because the terms accrued benefit and rate of benefit accrual were not ambiguous. According to Murphy benefits accrued at a decreasing rate solely based on increases in age, the plan design of the cash balance plan violated the age discrimination statutes. If this rule is upheld, then all "flat rate pay credit" design cash balance plans would violate age discrimination. A plan sponsor could avoid these problems by setting up a cash balance plan with steadily increasing – or age graded – rates for pay credits. This has the same economic effect as adopting a "career average salary" traditional defined-benefit plan. The ruling was reversed on appeal in 2006.

Legislative developments
Because of the troublesome age discrimination suits and misunderstanding and frustration by older workers covered by such plans, Congress, notably Senator Charles Grassley (R) of Iowa, has a proposal to statutorily fix the problem. It involves outlawing "wearaway".

The Pension Protection Act of 2006 was signed into law in August 2006 and prospectively made the flat salary credit type plans immune from age discrimination. Also, the use of a higher interest rate for calculation of lump sums is now allowed as the new law eliminates the whipsaw. The law fixes age discrimination only prospectively.

title: Cash balance plan


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rhombus (musical group)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus. Linuxbeak | Talk 14:20, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Rhombus (musical group)
Article does not establish notability. Google search for the band Rhombus (the one from New Zealand) gives few hits. They have an allmusic entry, but there's nothing of value there. Punkmorten 15:53, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Steve Hazlett

Stephen Edward Hazlett (born December 12, 1957) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played one game in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks, on January 3, 1980 against the St. Louis Blues. The bulk of his playing career was spent in the minor Central Hockey League, where he primarily played with the Dallas Black Hawks. As a youth, he played in the 1970 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Toronto. He also played for the Canadian national junior team at the 1977 World Junior Championships, the first iteration of the tournament, winning a silver medal.

title: Steve Hazlett