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Japanese students in the United Kingdom

The first Japanese students in the United Kingdom arrived in the nineteenth century, sent to study at University College London by the Chōshū and Satsuma domains, then the Bakufu (Shogunate). Many went on to study at Cambridge University and a smaller number at Oxford University until the end of the Meiji period. The primary motive for this was an effort to modernise Japan in the long run. Since the 1980s, Japanese students in the United Kingdom have become common thanks to cheaper air travel.

Chōshū Five (1863)
At University College London supervised by Professor Alexander William Williamson

 * Itō Shunsuke (later Itō Hirobumi) – Genrō, 1st, 5th, 7th, and 10th Prime Minister of Japan
 * Inoue Monta (later Inoue Kaoru) – Genrō, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Agriculture and Commerce, Home, and Treasury
 * Nomura Yakichi (later Inoue Masaru) – 1st Director of Railways (Tetsudō-chō)
 * Endō Kinsuke – Head of Japan Mint (Zōheikyoku)
 * Yamao Yōzō – Minister of Industry, Director of Cabinet Legislation Bureau

Satsuma students (1865)
15 Satsuma students, one from Tosa and one from Nagasaki, and 4 supervisors (ometsuke). This group also studied at University College London which was open to students of all religions.
 * Niiro Hisanobu(Niiro Chuzō) - Leader of Students, Karō of Satsuma-Han
 * Matsuki Kōan (later Terashima Munenori) - Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Minister of Education
 * Godai Tomoatsu (Godai Saisuke) - Founder of Osaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry and Osaka Securities Exchange
 * Mori Arinori - 1st Minister of Education, Founder of Hitotsubashi University
 * Machida Hisanari - Ōmetsuke of Satsuma-Han, 1st Curator of Imperial Museum of Japan (later Tokyo National Museum)
 * Machida Shinsirō - brother of Machida Hisanari
 * Machida Seizō (later Takarabe Saneyuki) - brother of Machida Hisanari
 * Hatakeyaka Hatanosuke (later Hatakeyama Yoshinari) - head of Kaisei Gakkō (開成学校, one of predecessor of University of Tokyo), member of Iwakura Mission
 * Murahashi Hisanari - founder of brewery of Kaitakushi (Hokkaido Development Commission), later Sapporo Brewery
 * Asakura Moriaki (later Asakura Moriaki) redeveloper of Ikuno Silver Mine
 * Sameshima Naonobu - Envoy to France
 * Matsumura Junzō - Vice Admiral of Imperial Japanese Navy, Director of Imperial Japanese Naval Academy
 * Takami Yaichi (former Ōishi Danzō) formerly rōnin of Tosa-Han, assassin of Yoshida Tōyō
 * Yoshida Kiyonari - Envoy to USA
 * Isonaga Hirosuke (later Nagasawa Kanaye) - winemaker of Fountain Grove Winery in California
 * Nakamura Hironari (or Nakamura Hakuai) - Ministry to Belgium, member of House of Peers
 * Hori Takayuki - Interpreter of Dutch language in Nagasaki
 * Nagoya Tokinari
 * Togo Ainoshin - died in Boshin War

Bakufu students (1866)
Supervisors:
 * Kawaji Taro
 * Nakamura Keisuke

Students: (12)
 * Naruse Jogoro
 * Toyama Sutehachi,
 * Mitsukuri Keigo
 * Fukuzawa Einosuke (no relation of Fukuzawa Yukichi)
 * Hayashi Tozaburo (later Hayashi Tadasu)
 * Ito Shonosuke
 * Okukawa Ichiro
 * Yasui Shinpachiro
 * Mitsukuri Dairoku (later Kikuchi Dairoku)
 * Ichikawa Morisaburo
 * Sugi Tokujiro
 * Iwasa Genji

Cambridge University

 * Kikuchi Dairoku
 * Suematsu Kenchō
 * Inagaki Manjirō
 * Okura Kishichiro
 * Tanaka Ginnosuke

Oxford University

 * Yasuhito, Prince Chichibu
 * Hachisuka Mochiaki
 * Nanjo Bunyu - professor of Sanskrit at Tokyo University
 * Takakusu Junjiro

Naval trainees

 * Prince Arisugawa Takehito
 * Prince Higashifushimi Yorihito
 * Tōgō Heihachirō
 * Yuzuru Hiraga

Other

 * Hayashi Tadasu
 * Takamine Jōkichi

After World War II

 * Naruhito, Emperor of Japan, Oxford
 * Masako, Empress of Japan, Oxford
 * Aiko, Princess Toshi, Eton
 * Fumihito, Crown Prince of Japan, Oxford
 * Mako Komuro, University of Edinburgh, University of Leicester
 * Princess Kako of Akishino, University of Leeds
 * Prince Tomohito of Mikasa, Oxford
 * Princess Tomohito of Mikasa, Rosslyn College
 * Princess Akiko of Mikasa, Oxford
 * Hisako, Princess Takamado, Cambridge
 * Princess Tsuguko of Takamado, University of Edinburgh
 * Katsuhiko Oku, Oxford
 * Hisashi Owada, Cambridge

see also: "For Japan’s royals, studying abroad is freedom"

title: Japanese students in the United Kingdom


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Coffee roasting

Roasting coffee transforms the chemical and physical properties of green coffee beans into roasted coffee products. The roasting process is what produces the characteristic flavor of coffee by causing the green coffee beans to change in taste. Unroasted beans contain similar if not higher levels of acids, protein, sugars, and caffeine as those that have been roasted, but lack the taste of roasted coffee beans due to the Maillard and other chemical reactions that occur during roasting.

Coffee tends to be roasted close to where it will be consumed, as green coffee is more stable than roasted beans. The vast majority of coffee is roasted commercially on a large scale, but small-scale commercial roasting has grown significantly with the trend toward "single-origin" coffees served at specialty shops. Some coffee drinkers even roast coffee at home as a hobby in order to both experiment with the flavor profile of the beans and ensure the freshest possible roasted coffee.

The first recorded implements for roasting coffee beans were thin pans made from metal or porcelain, used in the 15th century in the Ottoman Empire and Greater Persia. In the 19th century, various patents were awarded in the U.S. and Europe for commercial roasters, to allow for large batches of coffee. In the 1950s just as instant coffee was becoming a popular coffee drink, speciality coffee-houses began opening to cater to the connoisseur, offering a more traditionally brewed beverage. In the 1970s, more speciality coffee houses were founded, ones that offered a variety of roasts and beans from around the world. In the 1980s and 1990s, the gourmet coffee industry experienced great growth. This trend continued into the 21st century.

History
The first known implements for roasting coffee beans were thin, circular, often perforated pans made from metal or porcelain, used in the 15th century in the Ottoman Empire and Greater Persia. This type of shallow, dished pan was equipped with a long handle so that it could be held over a brazier (a container of hot coals) until the coffee was roasted. The beans were stirred with a slender spoon. Only a small amount of beans could be heated at one time. The first cylinder roaster with a crank to keep the beans in motion appeared in Cairo around 1650. It was made of metal, most commonly tinned copper or cast iron, and was held over a brazier or open fire. French, Dutch and Italian variations of this design quickly appeared. These proved popular over the next century in Europe, England and the American colonies.

In the 19th century, various patents were awarded in the U.S. and Europe for commercial roasters, to allow for large batches of coffee. Nevertheless, home roasting continued to be popular. A man working at a commercial roasting plant beginning in the 1850s in St. Louis, Missouri, said that "selling roasted coffee was up-hill work, as everyone roasted coffee in the kitchen oven." Appliances catering to the home roaster were developed; in 1849 a spherical coffee roaster was invented in Cincinnati, Ohio, for use on the top of a wood-fired kitchen stove, fitted into a burner opening. Green beans were available at the local general store, or even through mail order. For roasting, many people used such simple methods as a layer of beans on a metal sheet in the oven, or beans stirred in a cast-iron skillet over a fire. Despite the wide popularity of home roasting, Burns felt that it would soon disappear because of the great strides made in commercial roasting in the 1860s and 1870s, including the benefits of the economies of scale. The commercial roaster inventions patented by Burns revolutionized the U.S. roasting industry, much like the innovations of inventors in Emmerich am Rhein greatly advanced commercial coffee roasting in Germany. As well, the 1864 marketing breakthrough of the Arbuckle Brothers in Philadelphia, introducing the convenient one-pound (0.45 kg) paper bag of roasted coffee, brought success and imitators. From that time commercially roasted coffee grew in popularity until it gradually overtook home roasting during the 1900s in America. In 1903 and 1906 the first electric roasters were patented in the U.S. and Germany, respectively; these commercial devices eliminated the problem of smoke or fuel vapor imparting a bad taste to the coffee. In France, the home roaster did not yield to the commercial roaster until after the 1920s, especially in rural areas. Coffee was roasted to a dark color in small batches at home and by shopkeepers, using a variety of appliances including ones with a rotating cylinder of glass, sheet iron or wire mesh, and ones driven by hand, clockwork or electric motor. Because of the smoke and blowing chaff, country dwellers generally roasted outdoors.

In the 1950s just as instant coffee was becoming a popular coffee drink, speciality coffee-houses began opening to cater to the connoisseur, offering a more traditionally brewed beverage. In the 1970s, more speciality coffee houses were founded, ones that offered a variety of roasts and beans from around the world. In the 1980s and 1990s, the gourmet coffee industry experienced great growth. Through the 1970s and 1980s, the Siemens Sirocco home roaster was made in West Germany and marketed globally. It was a small fluid-bed roaster made for the home enthusiast. The product was named after a commercial hot-air roasting process which itself was named after the hot Sahara winds called sirocco. In 1976, chemical engineer Michael Sivetz patented a competing hot air design for manufacture in the U.S.; this became popular as an economical alternative. Sivetz called for the home roaster to focus on the quality of the bean. From 1986 through 1999 there was a surge in the number of patents filed for home roasting appliances. In the 1990s, more electric home roasting equipment became available, including drum roasters, and variations on the fluid-bed roaster. By 2001, gourmet coffee aficionados were using the internet to purchase green estate-grown beans for delivery by mail.

Process
The coffee-roasting process follows coffee processing and precedes coffee brewing. It consists essentially of sorting, roasting, cooling, and packaging but can also include grinding. Bags of green coffee beans are hand- or machine-opened, dumped into a hopper, and screened to remove debris. The green beans are then weighed and transferred manually, by belt, or pneumatic conveyor to storage hoppers. From the storage hoppers, the green beans are conveyed to the roaster.

Initially, the process is endothermic (absorbing heat), but at around 175 °C it becomes exothermic (giving off heat). For the roaster, this means that the beans are heating themselves and an adjustment of the roaster's heat source might be required. At the end of the roasting cycle, the roasted beans are dumped from the roasting chamber and are typically cooled by air or water-quenching.

During the roasting process, coffee beans lose 15 to 18% of their mass due mainly to the loss of water but also to volatile compounds. Although the beans experience a weight loss, the size of the beans double during the roasting process due to the physical expansion caused by an increase in internal pressure from vaporized water. Green coffee can contain reasonable quantities of simple sugars. Sugars are quite reactive at roasting temperatures and, once the water has evaporated out of the bean, the sugars can begin to react to the heat in different ways. Some go through caramelization reactions, creating the caramel notes found in certain coffees.

There are several traditional variations to coffee roasting in different parts of the world. For example, in Vietnam coffee is often coated with oil (traditionally clarified butter) and a small amount of sugar prior to roasting to produce a "butter roast". The roasting process results in an additional caramelized coating on the beans.

Equipment
The most common roasting machines are of two basic types: drum and hot-air, although there are others including packed-bed, tangential and centrifugal roasters. Roasters can operate in either batch or continuous modes. Home roasters are also available.

Drum machines consist of horizontal rotating drums that tumble the green coffee beans in a heated environment. The heat source can be supplied by natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), electricity, or even wood. The most common employ indirectly heated drums where the heat source is under the drum. Direct-fired roasters are roasters in which a flame contacts the beans inside the drum; very few of these machines are still in operation.

Fluid bed or hot-air roasters force heated air through a screen or perforated plate under the coffee beans with sufficient force to lift the beans. Heat is transferred to the beans as they tumble and circulate within this fluidized bed.

Roasts

Some coffee roasters use names for the various degrees of roast, such as "city roast" and "French roast", for the internal bean temperatures found during roasting. Recipes known as "roast profiles" indicate how to achieve flavor characteristics. Any number of factors may help a person determine the best profile to use, such as the coffee's origin, variety, processing method, moisture content, bean density, or desired flavor characteristics. A roast profile can be presented as a graph showing time on one axis and temperature on the other, which can be recorded manually or using computer software and data loggers linked to temperature probes inside various parts of the roaster. One method of determining the degree of roast is to evaluate the bean's color. As the coffee absorbs heat, the color shifts to yellow and then to increasingly darker shades of brown. During the later stages of roasting, oils appear on the surface of the bean. The roast will continue to darken until it is removed from the heat source. Coffee also darkens as it ages, making color alone a poor roast determinant. It is common for roasters to use a combination of temperature, smell, color, and sound to monitor the roasting process. The famous Italian roaster Gianni Frasi explains how artisanal roasting is fundamental in order to obtain a high quality coffee ("immersion in direct flame is purification, it makes a dead bean alive", "the bean's dignity can only be guaranteed by an open flame" ). Also according to Frasi, the bean can be defined as perfectly toasted when it takes on a particular "friar's tunic" color nuance which can only be obtained in a precise instant of the process and which the craftsman must be able to grasp by sight. This particular coloring is proof that all the potential aromas of the green bean have been released. The craft system was codified by Italian author Luca Farinotti in his 2019 award-winning book World and restaurant.

There are two events called "cracks" that roasters listen for. At approximately 196 °C, the coffee will emit a cracking sound. This point is referred to as "first crack", marking the beginnings of a very light roast. At first crack, a large amount of the coffee's moisture has been evaporated and the beans will begin to increase in size. When the coffee reaches approximately 224 °C, it emits a "second crack". This sound represents the structure of the coffee becoming brittle and fracturing as the bean continues to swell and enlarge from internal pressure. If the roast is allowed to progress further, it begins to take on the characteristics of the roasting process and loses the characteristics of the coffee's origin.

Lipids present inside the coffee seed liquify from heat and pressure built up in the bean. These lipids can often be seen on the bean surface. An oily coating is more prevalent with darker roasts.

These images depict samples taken from the same batch of a typical Brazilian green coffee at various bean temperatures with their subjective roast names and descriptions.

Flavors
At lighter roasts, the coffee will exhibit more of its "origin character"—the flavors created by its variety, processing, altitude, soil content, and weather conditions in the location where it was grown. As the beans darken to a deep brown, the origin flavors of the bean are eclipsed by the flavors created by the roasting process itself. At darker roasts, the "roast flavor" is so dominant that it can be difficult to distinguish the origin of the beans used in the roast. Green coffee contains many different types of acids, some of which are pleasant to taste and some that are not. Of particular importance to the roaster are the chlorogenic acids (CGAs). One of the key goals of roasting is to break down these unpleasant acids.

Below, roast levels and their respective flavors are described. These are qualitative descriptions, and thus subjective.

Caffeine levels are not significantly affected by the level of roast. Caffeine remains stable up to 200 °C and completely decomposes around 285 °C. Given that roasting temperatures do not exceed 200 °C for long and rarely if ever reach 285 °C, the caffeine content of a coffee is not likely changed much by the roasting process. Despite this, and the common misconception that darker roasts will always contain more caffeine than lighter roasts, when beans are roasted they lose water and expand. As a result, when ground and measured by volume, the denser lighter roast will contain more caffeine than the darker roast.

Home roasting
Home roasting is the process of roasting small batches of green coffee beans for personal consumption. Even after the turn of the 20th century, it was more common for at-home coffee drinkers to roast their coffee in their residence than it was to buy pre-roasted coffee. Later, home roasting faded in popularity with the rise of the commercial coffee roasting companies. In recent years home roasting of coffee has seen a revival. In some cases there is an economic advantage, but primarily it is a means to achieve finer control over the quality and characteristics of the finished product.

Packaging
Extending the shelf life of roasted coffee relies on maintaining an optimum environment to protect it from exposure to heat, oxygen, and light. Roasted coffee has an optimal typical shelf life of two weeks, and ground coffee about 15 minutes. Without some sort of preservation method, coffee becomes stale. The first large-scale preservation technique was vacuum packing in cans. However, because coffee emits CO2 after roasting, coffee to be vacuum-packed must be allowed to de-gas for several days before it is sealed. To allow more immediate packaging, pressurized canisters or foil-lined bags with pressure-relief valves can be used. Refrigeration and freezing retards the staling process. Roasted whole beans can be considered fresh for up to one month if kept cool. Once coffee is ground it is best used immediately.

Emissions and control
Particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOC), organic acids, and combustion products are the principal emissions from coffee processing. Several operations are sources of PM emissions, including the cleaning and destoning equipment, roaster, cooler, and instant coffee drying equipment. The roaster is the main source of gaseous pollutants, including alcohols, aldehydes, organic acids, and nitrogen and sulfur compounds. Because roasters are typically heated by combustion of natural gas, carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions result from fuel combustion. Decaffeination and instant coffee extraction and drying operations may also be sources of small amounts of VOC. Emissions from the grinding and packaging operations typically are not vented to the atmosphere.

Particulate matter emissions from the roasting and cooling operations are typically ducted to cyclones before being emitted to the atmosphere. Gaseous emissions from roasting operations are typically ducted to a thermal oxidiser or thermal catalytic oxidiser following PM removal by a cyclone. Some facilities use the burners that heat the roaster as thermal oxidisers. However, separate thermal oxidisers are more efficient because the desired operating temperature is typically 650 - 816 °C, which is 93 - 260 °C more than the maximum temperature of most roasters. Some facilities use thermal catalytic oxidizers, which require lower operating temperatures to achieve control efficiencies that are equivalent to standard thermal oxidisers. Catalysts are also used to improve the control efficiency of systems in which the roaster exhaust is ducted to the burners that heat the roaster. Emissions from spray dryers are typically controlled by a cyclone followed by a wet scrubber.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Coffee roasting


text:
Space Exploration Alliance

Space Exploration Alliance (SEA) is an umbrella organization formed by 13 United States space advocacy groups, industry associations, and space policy organizations. It was established on June 3, 2004. SEA's primary objective is to support the White House's plan to refocus NASA's human space activities toward exploration beyond low Earth orbit.

Their initial effort, officially known as the Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) includes plans for a return to the Moon by the United States with astronauts, with the intent of establishing a permanent lunar base before efforts are made to move on to Mars and beyond. This plan was announced on January 15, 2004 by then President George W. Bush at the NASA Headquarters.

The organizations involved in supporting the Space Exploration Alliance include:

 * Explore Mars Inc
 * Federation of Galaxy Explorers
 * Moon Society
 * The Mars Society
 * National Society of Black Engineers
 * Buzz Aldrin's Human SpaceFlight Institute
 * Students for the Exploration and Development of Space
 * Department of Space

History
The first goal of the SEA was to work toward receiving broad Congressional support for the new national Vision for Space Exploration outside low Earth orbit, which the SEA refers to as "Moon, Mars and Beyond". The SEA began its efforts by working together on a campaign on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C. that was held from July 11 to July 13, 2004.

Thousands of signed petitions from NSS members to their representatives and senators were presented during the congressional visits. They were able to secure first-year funding for the Vision for Space Exploration initiative.

A second campaign was held on May 17 through May 19, 2005, in conjunction with the National Space Society's annual International Space Development Conference.

In a press release issued on October 15, 2005, the Space Frontier Foundation announced its intent to leave the Alliance, citing "philosophical differences" and an unwillingness to become "a fan club for a status quo that has failed so miserably time after time in our nation's quest for space."

The SEA holds an annual "Legislative Blitz" in Washington, D.C..

title: Space Exploration Alliance


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Raspberry (color)

Raspberry is a color that resembles the color of raspberries.

The first recorded use of raspberry as a color name in English was in 1892.

French raspberry
At right is displayed the color French raspberry, which is the deep rich tone of raspberry called framboise (French name of the raspberry) in the Pourpre.com color list, a color list widely popular in France.

Raspberry rose
At right is displayed the color raspberry rose.

The color raspberry rose is a deep tone of raspberry.

The first recorded use of raspberry rose as a color name in English was in 1950, in the Descriptive Color Names Dictionary.

The normalized color coordinates for raspberry rose are identical to irresistible, which was first recorded as a color name in English in 1948, in the Plochere Color System.

Raspberry glacé
The color raspberry glacé is displayed on the right. It is a medium shade of raspberry that is used in interior design.

The first recorded use of raspberry glacé as a color name in English was in 1926.

The source of this color is the Plochere Color System, a color system formulated in 1948 that is widely used by interior designers.

The normalized color coordinates for raspberry glacé are identical to mauve taupe, first recorded as a color name in English in 1925.

Dark raspberry
At right is displayed the dark tone of raspberry that is called "raspberry" on the Xona Games Color List.

Dark raspberry is a color that resembles the color of a black raspberry.

Dark raspberry is also the color of regular raspberries that have been boiled down into raspberry jam or sauce with sugar to use for cake filling, filling for French pancakes, ice cream topping, etc.

Music

 * Perhaps the most famous mention of the color raspberry was by Prince, in his popular song, "Raspberry Beret".

Vexillology

 * The color raspberry has been used in Cossack ethnic flags and uniforms.

title: Raspberry (color)


text:
Rose (color)

Rose is the color halfway between red and magenta on the HSV color wheel, also known as the RGB color wheel, on which it is at hue angle of 330 degrees.

Rose is one of the tertiary colors on the HSV (RGB) color wheel. The complementary color of rose is spring green. Sometimes rose is quoted instead as the web-safe color FF00CC, which is closer to magenta than to red, corresponding to a hue angle near 320 degrees, or the web-safe color FF0077, which is closer to red than magenta, corresponding to a hue angle of about 340 degrees.

Etymology of rose
The first recorded use of rose as a color name in English was in 1382.

The etymology of the color name rose is the same as that of the name of the rose flower. The name originates from Latin rosa, borrowed through Oscan from colonial Greek in southern Italy: rhodon (Aeolic form: wrodon), from Aramaic wurrdā, from Assyrian wurtinnu, from Old Iranian *warda (cf. Avestan warda, Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr).

In culture

 * Geography
 * British historian John William Burgon famously described the Jordanian city of Petra as being colored rose, writing:
 * Match me such marvel save in Eastern clime,
 * A rose-red city – half as old as time!

 * Marrakech, Morocco is called the Rose City because many of its buildings are colored various tones of rose.
 * Portland, Oregon is nicknamed "The Rose City" for the number of roses and rose gardens that thrive there.

 * Music
 * "La Vie en rose" (French for "Life through rose-coloured glasses", literally "Life in pink") was the signature song of French singer Édith Piaf. Piaf first popularized the song in 1946. It has been covered by many artists since.
 * Rose Colored Glasses is the 1978 debut album by country singer-songwriter John Conlee.

 * Occult
 * According to New Age author C. W. Leadbeater, who claimed to be clairvoyant, of the seven types of etheric atoms that he claimed to be able to observe with his third eye circulating through the human etheric body (colored violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, dark red, and rose), the flow of the rose colored etheric atoms (also called by Leadbeater the rose vitality globule) from the sun into the rainbow colored spleen chakra is the most important since all the other etheric atoms are derived from it and the rose colored atom vivifies the nervous system. Leadbeater also asserted that humans feel good around pine trees because they radiate more rose colored etheric atoms than any other plant.

 * Politics
 * The revolution in which previous Georgian president Mikhail Saakashvili came to power in 2003 was called the "Rose Revolution".

 * Religion
 * In the Latin liturgical rites of the Catholic Church, priests may wear rose colored vestments on Gaudete Sunday (the third Sunday of Advent) and Laetare Sunday (the fourth Sunday of Lent).

title: Rose (color)


text: Category:Saint Thomas, Barbados

title: Category:Saint Thomas, Barbados


text:
Mike Belitsky

Mike Belitsky is a Canadian musician. He has played drums for a number of bands, including Jellyfishbabies, Jale, Neko Case, and Pernice Brothers, and later The Sadies.

Early life
Belitsky was born in Toronto, Ontario. He attended Concordia University in Montreal.

Career
Belitsky left Concordia in 1987 to join the band Jellyfishbabies, who relocated to Toronto. He later moved to Halifax, drumming in punk bands. In 1996 he became a member of the band Jale, and drummed on their second album, So Wound. A year later he performed at the New York Pop Explosion festival with the band Cheticamp.

By 2004 he was playing with the band Unintended as well as The Sadies.

In 2013 he joined the band The New Mendicants. He toured Spain with the group in 2014, and drummed on their 2014 album Into the Lime.

In 2018 Belitsky injured his shoulder while ice skating, and was unable to perform for several months. Since that time he has continued to play in The Sadies, The Unintended, and The New Mendicants.

Album appearances

 * Neko Case - Fox Confessor Brings the Flood (2006, Anti-)

title: Mike Belitsky


text:
User:Kimcmich

Greetings. My name is Kipp McMichael and I live in San Francisco, CA. I am a web developer and general geek with interests in all sorts of esoterica. I started my Wiki submissions by sprucing up the manroot, California Manroot, and Coastal Manroot pages. Who knows where it will go from there...

title: User:Kimcmich


text:
Talk:Government of Massachusetts

Education
I am adding some content to the 'Education' piece of this article and struggling with how much detail to put in it. I think that the subsection on Education Funding and School Construction Funding should probably have their own articles. These are large topics and, while they are certainly part of Massachusetts Government, they would dominate this article if they were included.

Thoughts ?? --LWV Roadrunner 21:00, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I corrected some information in 'Education' and the Proposition 2 1/2 section (along with sundry minor edits elsewhere). I agree that ed. funding and school construction should be here; perhaps the whole 'Education' section shuould be split off -- "Massachusetts Government" dealing only with non-education matters, and "Massachusetts Education Administration" in a second entry?
 * Wiki Wistah 01:14, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

 * That sounds like a good idea; I would suggest "Education in Massachusetts" or "K-12 education in Massachusetts". -- Beland 20:06, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

Deleted some text
I have deleted this text: After passage of the Home Rule Procedures Act of 1967, it is no longer possible for a municipality to adopt one of these plans. However, 14 cities still have Plan A, B, or E governments because they have not changed their form of government since then. Plans C, D, and F are no longer used.

I have also deleted this reference which was the basis and source for the deleted text: Massachusetts Department of Housing and Community Development. "Massachusetts Communities Operating Under Home Rule Charters" (prepared and adopted under provisions of the Home Rule Amendment and M.G.L., c. 43B)

Although the publication was prepared by a unit of Massachusetts Government, the preparer only read through Sections 3 and 4 of Article 89 of the Massachusetts Constitution amendments. Section 8 states: "Subject to the foregoing requirements, the general court may provide optional plans of city or town organization and government under which an optional plan  may be adopted or abandoned by majority vote of the voters of the city or town  voting thereon at a city or town election;..." Those optional plans are the plans referred to in the article.

HL Menken 11:59 28 October 2008 —Preceding unsigned comment added by HL Menken (talk • contribs) 04:00, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

Open Standards
The Open Standards section is badly written. It almost certainly has way too much detail for a page about the Government of Massachusetts. It appears to have been copied from another article, complete with footnotes for which the references were not transplanted into the Wikipedia article. The author clearly has a non-neutral point of view that excluding OOXML from the initial lists of acceptable formats was inappropriate. Despite the legislative report (which some have questioned the impartiality of), many people have other views. See e.g. http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2007/07/03/massachusetts_adopts_microsoft_ooxml_standard/

Examples of inappropriate POV text:

 * Use of "so-called" in "so-called open formats"
 * '"Standard" is in quotes above because PDF was no more a "standard" at the time than Microsoft's Office formats' - this is debatable, not at all obvious.
 * "The effort to freeze Microsoft out of such procurements" - imputing motive to the commission without any basis.
 * "the issue of document format standards is, as it should be," (emphasis mine - words that have no business in any wikipedia article).
 * Implying that Sun/IBM were lobbying without commenting on the widespread perception that the legislative report and subsequent inclusion of OOXML were the result of heavy lobbying by Microsoft. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.120.117.2 (talk) 19:34, 31 March 2010 (UTC)

 * At the time that I became aware of the issue of software capability to read official documents 100 years hence, I was regularly attending a monthly software quality assurance/quality control professionals' group in MA. My recollection is that this would have been circa 2002 or 2003, earlier in the process than seems to be the perspective of the article. At this point the state second chief information officer had resigned or was about to resign because of the politics that had emerged. Both officers had determined that it was crucial that state documents created now as software-readable documents be compatible, meaning readable, 100 years from the date they were created.  Adobe PDF and a small number of others made a commitment to this criterion.  It seemed to all to be a reasonable criterion if anyone was willing to meet it.  Microsoft would not make a commitment.  Once the decision was made to implement this, according to those presenting and those in the audience who corroborated, Microsoft initiated a political effort to get the policy changed, although it continued to be unwilling to make the 100 year commitment.  (I personally have been somewhat skeptical that a 100 year commitment would be feasible except maybe for simple text documents, because the technology changes too much and too fast, and organizations go out of business, but that was not part of the discussion.) We were told that the technical leaders whose work was challenged by this political process reacted by resigning.  On the basis of this recollection, I would agree that there is bias in the article.  I do not have enough direct information about how it all played out to consider rewriting the article myself.
 * I would argue that the issue addressed in the article is extremely interesting and useful both technically and historically. It therefore should be either left in the article, or presented in a related article.
 * John Carlton-Foss — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.20.130.86 (talk) 01:17, 6 June 2011 (UTC)

County government in the United States
Hello, Massachusetts! To defuse the edit war that has started at Category:County government in the United States, I'd appreciate some additional input on the topic of whether U.S. counties are (1) a level of local government or (2) an arm of state government. Discussion thus far is on my User talk page at User_talk:Orlady, but we could move it to a content-oriented talk page if desired. --Orlady (talk) 00:28, 18 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Hello MA. I am the other side of the edit war. My claim is that although county officials may be elected or appointed locally (i.e. not statewide), the actual county government itself is an arm of the state government. This is consistent with the powers they exercise (elections, law enforcement, etc.). If we could have some academically informed input, I would appreciate it, because the general impression and intuition that people have is that county government is "local government," but to those who actually study political science formally, the difference is known. The compromise that I propose is the persons should be categorized under "local politicians" while the offices should be categorized under "state government." Greg Bard (talk) 8:39 pm, Today (UTC−4)

'''I have posted this issue to WikiProject United States, and WikiProject Politics. Please take your input to one or the other so I don't have to have 50 discussions.''' Greg Bard (talk) 01:26, 18 April 2013 (UTC)

 * User:Gregbard started discussion of this matter at User_talk:Orlady. Please don't start a whole new discussion at some WikiProject page. If there is a desire to move the discussion, let's copy the pre-existing discussion to the new location. --Orlady (talk) 02:24, 18 April 2013 (UTC)

Charter schools
Could we consider revising and/or expanding the statement regarding money sent with students who transfer to charter schools? It's over-simplified. For example, if a student were to transfer to another public district before October 1st, the per-pupil amount would move with the student in that case as well; students who go to private schools cause the district to lose that money from the state; public voc-tech schools have the same effect. I can find a citation or two to support a more detailed answer. Rjp422 (talk) 00:29, 16 May 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Government of Massachusetts


text:
Duckworth

Duckworth may refer to:

 * Duckworth (surname), people with the surname Duckworth
 * Duckworth (DuckTales), fictional butler from the television series DuckTales
 * Duckworth Books, a British publishing house
 * HMS Duckworth (K351), a frigate
 * Duckworth, West Virginia, an unincorporated community, United States
 * an earlier name of Bluff, Queensland, Australia
 * "Duckworth" (song) (stylized DUCKWORTH.), a 2017 song by Kendrick Lamar (named after his surname)
 * Duckwrth, a stage name of Jared Lee
 * Duckworth, a 2011 Adult Swim pilot

title: Duckworth


text:
User:Tabaregowon

Tabaré Gowon is a young adult living in Burlington, VT.

title: User:Tabaregowon


text:
Talk:One Laptop per Child

OLPC Deployment statistics
Wouldn't it be a good idea to just import the deployment stats from this page in OLPCs' Wiki? --U5K0'sTalkMake WikiLove not WikiWar 16:15, 15 December 2011 (UTC)
 * +1 -- as the maintainer of that other wiki page, that would be fine by me. I think the initial idea here was to have a table that only used data sourced to a press release in a publication of note. But this has errors in both directions. Many deployments don't issue a press release for each incremental update - large programs have usually received more laptops than their latest announcement, and smaller ones may not publish statistics in their announcements.  And some potential deployments involve politicians who like to announce programs that may not happen; as is the case for some of the data that used to be included in that table.  – SJ +  13:47, 9 January 2012 (UTC)
 * #PerfectCaseStudy of what can go wrong with info from PR sources only. Zblace (talk) 14:17, 12 December 2020 (UTC)

Article needs cleanup and organization
Bottom half of this article is a jumble with discussion of countries and issues seemingly randomly intermixed.

Scanlyze (talk) 19:49, 7 March 2012 (UTC) (former OLPC sysadmin)

2B1
Why does 2B1 redirect here? K. (talk) 00:11, 12 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Fixed. The OLPC XO-1 page actually mentions the former name for the machine: 2B1. Sminthopsis84 (talk) 12:09, 3 October 2014 (UTC)

No sales in two years and schools adopting chromebooks
http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/04/10/google-microsoft-app-office-windows-malay/2070795/ Should something be said in the intro about this? Daniel.Cardenas (talk) 18:50, 10 April 2013 (UTC)

Pathetic absence of crucial subjects covered in article
1) Maybe I'm just missing it, but nowhere in the article do I find any clear explanation of what this project is intended to accomplish.

2) Even more pathetic is the (as far as I can tell) complete absence of any mention of the project's effectiveness.

Of course, if you don't say what the project is intended to accomplish, it makes no sense to discuss how effective it is at reaching that goal.

But Canada's eminent psychologist Susan Pinker has written in the New York Times here that the project seems to not just be ineffective at improving students' reading and math scores. Even worse, the project appears to lower them.

If someone is knowledgeable — and preferably unbiased — regarding this project, perhaps they will please add to the article a mention of 1) and if possible 2) above. Thanks.Daqu (talk) 21:07, 30 January 2015 (UTC)
 * The NYT article isn't discussing OLPC except in passing. The paper it references (abstract) might make a good source for the article. § Criticism discusses a number of issues raised about the project, but it is true that this article does not contain much in terms of followup analysis. Keep in mind that OLPC as an organisation is at this point, sadly, defunct. L Faraone  06:26, 31 January 2015 (UTC)

Deployment
Moved here from the deployment section of the article -- John of Reading (talk) 19:03, 10 August 2015 (UTC)

I would like to propose that any deployment statistics which are not confirmed by third party source be considered as unreliable. As such, they should removed from this section until proven reliable by other sources. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tenason (talk • contribs) 17:38, 10 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Thanks John of Reading I have only used the deletion proposal template for proposing deletions of entire page that are out of date or do not warrant their own page. I was not sure how to propose modifying an entire section. Is it reasonable to wait a week and then make the proposed change? Tenason (talk) 02:01, 11 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes, a week should be enough for any interested editors to see this talk page section and raise objections. -- John of Reading (talk) 06:20, 11 August 2015 (UTC)

Why would you consider deployment numbers unreliable if provided by OLPC, but not if republished by a third party? Have you found some evidence suggesting a reason to doubt that the numbers provided by the organization?

Any news organization, be it The New York Times or Business Wire, will provide numbers as reported by the OLPC organization, unless they mention explicitly the existence of an independent project dedicated to measure such numbers as an external process. Barring such independent studies, I can't see how the media were the data has been provided will affect its reliability, as the source will ultimately be the OLPC project itself. Can you please explain what is the motivation after your proposal? Diego (talk) 12:46, 11 August 2015 (UTC)

Yes, It appears that OLPC and related organization are trying to put the best spin on the situation. To prevent that situation, it is common to use independent and third party numbers to verify market statistics.

The most noticeable occurrence is in Peru. OLPC Frequency states that 900,000 laptops were deployed in Peru. While it is true that Peru ordered 900,000 laptops. Due to numerous logistical, political, and financial issues the number of laptops that were actually used by students was actually in the 10's or low 100's of thousands.

The irony of the situation is that several organizations quote Wikipedia's numbers. Thus implying that those numbers have be properly fact checked. Tenason (talk) 14:20, 11 August 2015 (UTC)

References archived
I'm copying here the references that removed with this edit because they are no longer used in the article, to preserve them for a possible future usage. Diego (talk) 13:50, 12 August 2015 (UTC)

Archiving additional references no longer used in article cleanup to preserve them for a possible future usage. Tenason (talk) 09:41, 14 August 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080122133805/http://radian.org:80/notebook/first-deployment to http://radian.org/notebook/first-deployment
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External links modified
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Article needs work
This article could use some wikilove. It would benefit from noting who the current officers of the corporation are. When I worked for OLPC(2008-2009) I believe there were two OLPC organizations, one a 501(c)(3) and one a LLC. Are there still two OLPC organizations today?

Parts of the article appear like a promotion for OLPC, having apparently been taken directly from the OLPC website. Scanlyze (talk) 17:10, 10 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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German Version
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLPC_XO-1 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2003:DB:1F15:5700:21DC:28FE:8DF7:DD71 (talk) 14:48, 22 May 2020 (UTC)

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:01, 6 January 2018 (UTC)

Very first sentence correct tense
Shouldn't "One Laptop per Child (OLPC) was a non-profit" be "One Laptop per Child (OLPC) is a non-profit" ? Because the program still exists today Poopykibble (talk) 04:26, 8 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Wait bruh my bad I read the second paragraph and it shut down in 2014, sorry. Poopykibble (talk) 04:29, 8 September 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't see that they've shut down? The site is still up with a 2023 copyright date: https://laptop.org/ 24.230.161.142 (talk) 20:30, 10 July 2024 (UTC)

 * It looks like this is all nuanced and our article doesn't do justice to it. The original OLTP initiative appears to have been the OLTP Foundation, which shut down in 2014.  The current group probably came out of a spinoff called the OLTP Association.  It isn't clear from their website what they do now, but it definitely isn't making laptops for children. Based on this, I think "was a non-profit initiative [... to create and distribute educational devices]" is accurate. Dan Bloch (talk) 21:56, 10 July 2024 (UTC)

Uruguay....
The depiction of the deployment of the project in Uruguay on this article is, I must say, a bit negative. Let me explain: I am Uruguayan, and I live in Uruguay. For context, I'm 33 years old. The plan rolled out when I was already finishing high school, so I'm not one of those kids, I was around 20 already by then. Way too old. But check this out: I know people who are now around 25 or so, and have heard them (or rather read them, on social media posts, to be specific), talking about how this project ended up changing their lives; plunging them from isolation and poverty right into the computer age. From "obscurity" to the 21st century, so to speak. So, this should probably be updated. To further illustrate this, let me share the following: This plan was, at the time, a display of major risk taking, from a Left-Wing and so-called "Progressive" party, that ruled the country for 15 years here. Those days have now passed. Now a right wing party has took over, and has ruled the country for the last 4 years. However, there is not one politician on the right saying anything negative or even talking about the project anymore because, everyone agrees, and it is understood that, it was very successful. Now, Im not going to even pretend that it was not used "recreationally", as the article suggests. Of course it was. But that was only a part of it. On the whole, it had a huge impact. - Joaquin89uy (talk) 03:41, 30 May 2023 (UTC)

 * The thing is, to add that content to Wikipedia, you'd need a reliable source. Can you point to, say, a news article (ideally from a major publication, ideally in English) that reports all this? IAmNitpicking (talk) 11:20, 30 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Listen. Why, though, would it need to be written in english, and be so "major"-type? I probably could find a dozen of them, but written in spanish, and from official uruguayan sources, and, maybe, even from many other spanish-speaking countries, speaking about the uruguayan success. Did it reach the mainstream english speaking journals? Maybe yes, maybe not. But, around here, that's how it is regarded. As a groundbreaking and progressive project from a progressive country which is my country, which, in turn, is now regarded as being one of the two most progressive, educated, and richest countries in the whole of Latam, right along with Chile and Costa Rica. Could that do? That, I can do. - Joaquin89uy (talk) 11:41, 30 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I wrote "preferably" because most editors of English Wikipedia don't read Spanish. (If you want to first publish it in Spanish Wikipedia, then get it translated for the English edition, you certainly can.) As it happens, I can (with a great deal of effort) read some Spanish, but you're more likely to get consensus with English-language sources. Why a major publication? Read Reliable Sources IAmNitpicking (talk) 01:16, 31 May 2023 (UTC)
 * English sources are preferred, but Wikipedia's policy (WP:NONENG) does allow non-English sources. Dan Bloch (talk) 01:26, 31 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Found 2 major sources. It was quite quick and simple. It was the second result on a google search, in which I typed in the following: "uruguay el exito del plan ceibal", which, in english, would be akin to "uruguay plan ceibal's success".
 * Check 'em out (one of them is in PDF format):
 * https://www.broadbandcommission.org/Documents/working-groups/SchoolConnectivity_report.pdf (page 130 and 131)
 * https://www.elpais.com.uy/vida-actual/estudio-internacional-recoge-la-experiencia-del-plan-ceibal-como-caso-de-exito
 * The second one (from El País (Uruguay)) is the actual one which came up in my search. The first one, is the article that the 2nd one is referring to.
 * For any questions feel free to ask.
 * - Joaquin89uy (talk) 16:07, 31 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you misunderstood. No one expressed any doubt that your assertion was correct. The point was, when you add a new bit of information to Wikipedia, you have to include a source. Depending on the next editor's judgement, your addition will be either reverted or marked "Citation Needed". If I had been asked, I would have said that what you wrote was completely believable and probably correct. Posting links here is not the solution, it's to post your original text and list those articles as references. You might still get arguments (Wikipedia has lots of arguments), but not "unsourced". IAmNitpicking (talk) 10:26, 1 June 2023 (UTC)
 * No problem. I was just checking to know what u two thought about these sources, being that one of them is a PDF, which is not what is usually used here on wiki for sources, and the other one is in spanish, but still from the biggest, most official, major news source here in Uruguay. - Joaquin89uy (talk) 23:20, 1 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:One Laptop per Child


text:
Wikipedia:Collaboration of the week/Defense (military)

Defense (military)

 * Nominated on 00:13, 30 September 2005 (UTC); needs 3 votes by October 6.

As such a basic article concept, this definitely needs some improvement. This could easily become a huge article - history of defense, how it's changed, basic concepts of defense, the list is endless.

Support:
 * 1) ChewyLSB 00:13, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Batmanand 17:11, 15 October 2005 (UTC) Shamefully short.


text:
The Daily Toreador

The Daily Toreador, also known as The DT, is the student newspaper of Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas. The newspaper was first published in 1925 as The Toreador and later changed its name to The University Daily before arriving at the current name in 2005. All content for The DT is produced by a staff around 40 members including editors, reporters and photographers. The DT has received numerous regional and national awards, including a Columbia Scholastic Press Association Gold crown award, two Columbia Scholastic Press Association Silver crown awards, and two Associated Collegiate Press Pacemaker Award finalists. As well, the paper counts five Pulitzer Prizes and four winners amongst its former staff members.

1925-1966: The Toreador
On October 3, 1925, two days after classes began at Texas Technological College, the first issue of The Toreador was published. The chosen name of the publication was explained in the first issue relevant to the Spanish Renaissance architecture of the campus buildings and unofficial moniker of the football team:

In 1929, The Toreador hosted a contest to create a new school song, with a prize 25 dollar prize offered to the winner. The final result was The Matador Song written by the R.C. Marshall, the editor of the 1931 La Ventana.

During World War II, the newspaper format of The Toreador was reduced in size to tabloid format, and publication was reduced from semi-weekly to weekly.

In 1962, the name of newspaper changed to The Daily Toreador reflecting the increased frequency in publication.

1966-2005: The University Daily
To represent a change in size format from tabloid to broadsheet, the newspaper debuted its new name The University Daily, on September 20, 1966, three years prior to the name change of Texas Technological College to Texas Tech University.

2005-present: The Daily Toreador
To coincide with its 80th anniversary in 2005, the name was reverted to The Daily Toreador. Following the Rawls College of Business move to a new building in 2012, the College of Media & Communication and Student Media relocated to the old Business Administration building.

Circulation
The newspaper prints 10,000 issues on Thursdays during the fall and spring semesters and Tuesdays during summer sessions, and has around 2,000 to 5,000 unique visitors per day to its website, continually making it one of the top-25 read college newspapers in the nation.

Awards
Associated Collegiate Press
 * 2003–2004 Newspaper Pacemaker Finalist
 * 2011 Online Pacemaker Finalist

Columbia Scholastic Press Association
 * 2000–2001 Silver Crown Certificate
 * 2003–2004 Silver Crown Certificate
 * 2022–2023 Gold Crown Certificate

Editorial staff
Although two advisers watch over the operations of the newspaper, the day-to-day decisions for the newspaper rest on the student staff. The advisers choose not to restrict the content that is placed in the paper, but instead make suggestions and give advice to the editorial board.

Current

 * Sheri Lewis – director
 * Marianna Souriall – editor-in-chief
 * Vacant – managing editor
 * Marianna Souriall – sports editor
 * Aynsley Larsen – news editor
 * Aynsley Larsen – features editor
 * Jacob Lujan – multimedia editor
 * Mya Wilson – opinions editor
 * Mya Wilson – digital content manager
 * Nathan Kenison – copy editor
 * Vacant – editorial assistant

Current

 * Dawn Zuerker – sales, marketing, & design manager
 * Vacant – student marketing manager

Current

 * Sheri Lewis – director
 * Kristi Morse – business manager
 * Vacant – administrative assistant

title: The Daily Toreador


text:
User:JRDeCarlo

Joseph Rios De Carlo is a frequent user of Wikipedia. He looks at the website just about every day of the week and he thinks that the website has just about everything you are looking for from research to sports to the news stories of the day. De Carlo is a graduate of Schoolcraft College in Livonia, Michigan and plans on continuing to edit Schoolcraft College in the future along with many other articles on Wikipedia.

title: User:JRDeCarlo


text: User talk:209.242.168.226

title: User talk:209.242.168.226


text:
South Cape / Whiore

South Cape / Whiore is a cape marking the southernmost point of Stewart Island / Rakiura, and by extension the main New Zealand archipelago. It is one of the four Cardinal Capes of New Zealand identified by Captain James Cook on his first voyage, along with North Cape, Cape East and West Cape. Cook originally named the place "Cape South". At the time, Cook incorrectly charted the island as a peninsula attached to the South Island of New Zealand, with a narrow isthmus in place of Foveaux Strait. South Cape is also one of the world's five Great Capes, along with capes in South America, Africa, and Australia.

In 1998, South Cape became one of 90 place names to be given a dual name with the passage of the Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998, representing part of a settlement of claims made against the New Zealand government by the Ngāi Tahu iwi for breaches of the Treaty of Waitangi. The new name, South Cape / Whiore, includes a traditional Māori name for the Cape alongside the name given to it by Cook.

title: South Cape / Whiore


text: User talk:198.209.226.132

title: User talk:198.209.226.132


text:
.geo

.geo was a generic top-level domain proposed by SRI International to be used to associate Internet resources with geographical locations, via a system of "georegistrars" and "georegistries" with hierarchical addresses representing locations in a grid encircling the Earth. These addresses are not intended to be typed in directly by end-users (and hence are "messy" strings like acme.2e5n.10e30n.geo) but rather, would be used "behind the scenes" by software looking things up by location (possibly driven by GPS positioning in mobile devices).

A number of schemes have been proposed or implemented in an attempt to classify Internet sites geographically; many of them do not require anything special in DNS (e.g., the GeoURL initiative). The .geo proposal can, hence, be criticized as making unnecessary use of a top-level domain where it might have been implemented using subdomains elsewhere (perhaps within .arpa, the domain allocated for infrastructure lookups), or with non-DNS methods such as "meta" tags in Web sites.

.geo was proposed to ICANN as part of the first round of new top-level domains in 2000, but failed to gain approval, and there has not been any noticeable activity regarding this proposal for several years.

Toppdomän

title: .geo


text:
Talk:Coffee roasting

Qualifier/Units needed when percentages given
In the section "Flavors", the percentages (1.37, 1.31, and 1.31) given for caffeine content in different coffee roasts should have a unit (mg/g) or at least a qualification as to whether the measurement is being done by volume or weight (or some other method). Clemep8 (talk) 18:14, 15 May 2017 (UTC)

The Coffee Roaster Audio Sample
The coffee roaster audio sample sounds very similar to a Nine Inch Nails song. However, luckily the resemblance is not to the extent of a copyright violation. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jason P Jackson (talk • contribs) 04:10, 22 March 2019 (UTC)

History
The second paragraph of this section introduces the proper name "Burns" without citing a source. Who is Burns? NateDies (talk) 21:33, 26 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Coffee roasting


text:
Talk:The Daily Texan

Logo
If anyone has the newspaper logo, please feel free to add it. Maltmomma (chat)  00:17, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Added. jareha 22:46, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

Awards
If anyone knows the awards won, please list. Thanks! Maltmomma (chat)  02:37, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Oh boy...
...this is dangerous! =D · Katefan0(scribble) 02:51, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I knew you'd have fun with it. ;-) I can't find any listing of the awards or much history. Take the ball and run! Maltmomma  (chat) [[Image:Flag_of_Texas.svg|18px]] 03:29, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

P.S. I look at some of the other school's newspapers and think, we could look as good. Maltmomma (chat)  03:30, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Wait, that didn't sound right. I looked at some of the other school newspaper's Wikipedia articles and think we could look as good.

Newspaper infobox
Just added a newspaper infobox — please edit at will. Hopefully you all like the logo and front page uploads made. jareha 22:46, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Looks great. Maybe a tad too wide?  That may be resolved when the text is fleshed out, but right now it looks a little overpowering in IE. · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 22:48, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Guess this is an excuse to flesh out the history a bit more. :) Know what you mean about "overpowering" the page, but IE...you lost me there. Hop on the Mozilla Firefox bandwagon, Kate. jareha 22:56, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, yeah. You technocrats are so oppressive. ;)  I like what I've got just fine, thank you!  Beyond which, most people viewing Wikipedia's pages are also likely using IE, so I figure I'm pretty useful being in the 5% of non-techie editors who can complain when something looks funny in IE. · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 23:02, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Is there a better term than neutral for political position? (As that article is currently a disambiguation page.) How about neutral point of view — although that article definitely needs fleshing out. jareha 03:05, 8 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Personally I think it's sort of a useless tag. What newspaper is going to call itself not neutral?  Other than things like The Nation, etc. · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 14:05, 8 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I think a lot of people would agree that the paper has a slightly liberal slant, given its endorsements in the past elections and the general demeanor of the op-eds that they publish. What does everyone think? -Scm83x 16:03, 8 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I would only agree to characterizing their editorial board as liberal. Please remember that op-eds and opinion pieces are NOT the entriety of a newspaper. · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 16:21, 8 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Combining with your other comment from above, maybe the tag on the infobox should be changed to say something like "Editorial political position" or something more succinct than that. Just my thoughts. -Scm83x 16:45, 8 December 2005 (UTC)
 * The editorial stance is decidedly leftist, not liberal, to use the traditional meanings of the words. --Davidstrauss 08:17, 11 April 2006 (UTC)
 * It varies. Remember, the editor is elected, and it is the editor who stewards the opinion page and hires the columnists and associate editors.  Sometimes the editors are liberal, sometimes conservative (as was the case a number of times in the 1990s). Dedman 16:06, 11 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I remember back around 1989 or 1990 when the editors had a contest to provide an alternate name for the paper, and the winner was "Das KapiTexan" (recalling Das Kapital by Karl Marx). I put in for a T-shirt they made to commemorate the name, but unfortunately they ran out. Afalbrig 14:10, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Daily Texan


text:
Taiwan (disambiguation)

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China, is a country in East Asia.

Taiwan or Tai Wan may also refer to:

Places

 * Taiwan (island), the main island of Taiwan, known alternately as Formosa
 * Taiwan Province, a nominal administrative division covering much of Taiwan and the Penghu Islands
 * Taiwan Prefecture, a prefecture of Taiwan during the Qing dynasty
 * "Taiwan", an old name for the city of Tainan (the former capital of the island) before the establishment of Tainan Prefecture
 * "Taiwan, China", a political propaganda term used by China's Communist government to claim Taiwan as part of its territory

 * In Hong Kong
 * Tai Wan, Hung Hom, an area of Hong Kong and a former bay
 * Tai Wan Road
 * Tai Wan, a beach at Tai Long Wan (Sai Kung District), Hong Kong
 * Tai Wan, a bay and village on the island of Po Toi
 * Tai Wan Village, Lamma Island, a village on Lamma Island, Hong Kong
 * Tai Wan Village, Sai Kung District, a village in Sai Kung District, Hong Kong

People

 * Taiwan Jones, an American football running back
 * Taiwan Jones (linebacker), an American football linebacker

Other uses

 * 2169 Taiwan, an asteroid

title: Taiwan (disambiguation)


text:
Santa Clara High School

"Santa Clara High School" may refer to:

 * Santa Clara High School (Oxnard, California)
 * Santa Clara High School (Santa Clara, California)
 * Santa Clara High School (La Paz, Honduras) or Intituto Santa Clara

title: Santa Clara High School


text:
Category:Education in Lithuania

This category collects all articles about education in Lithuania. Please use the respective subcategories.

title: Category:Education in Lithuania


text:
Omphalitis of newborn

Omphalitis of newborn is the medical term for inflammation of the umbilical cord stump in the neonatal newborn period, most commonly attributed to a bacterial infection. Typically immediately after an infant is born, the umbilical cord is cut with a small remnant (often referred to as the stump) left behind. Normally the stump separates from the skin within 3–45 days after birth. A small amount of pus-like material is commonly seen at the base of the stump and can be controlled by keeping the stump open to air to dry. Certain bacteria can grow and infect the stump during this process and as a result significant redness and swelling may develop, and in some cases the infection can then spread through the umbilical vessels to the rest of the body. While currently an uncommon anatomical location for infection in the newborn in the United States, it has caused significant morbidity and mortality both historically and in areas where health care is less readily available. In general, when this type of infection is suspected or diagnosed, antibiotic treatment is given, and in cases of serious complications surgical management may be appropriate.

Signs and symptoms
Clinically, neonates with omphalitis present within the first two weeks of life with signs and symptoms of a skin infection (cellulitis) around the umbilical stump (redness, warmth, swelling, pain), pus from the umbilical stump, fever, fast heart rate (tachycardia), low blood pressure (hypotension), somnolence, poor feeding, and yellow skin (jaundice). Omphalitis can quickly progress to sepsis and presents a potentially life-threatening infection. In fact, even in cases of omphalitis without evidence of more serious infection such as necrotizing fasciitis, mortality is high (in the 10% range).

Causes
Omphalitis is most commonly caused by bacteria. The culprits usually are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli. The infection is typically caused by a combination of these organisms and is a mixed Gram-positive and Gram-negative infection. Anaerobic bacteria can also be involved.

Diagnosis
In a normal umbilical stump, you first see the umbilicus lose its characteristic bluish-white, moist appearance and become dry and black After several days to weeks, the stump should fall off and leave a pink fleshy wound which continues to heal as it becomes a normal umbilicus.

For an infected umbilical stump, diagnosis is usually made by the clinical appearance of the umbilical cord stump and the findings on history and physical examination. There may be some confusion, however, if a well-appearing neonate simply has some redness around the umbilical stump. In fact, a mild degree is common, as is some bleeding at the stump site with detachment of the umbilical cord. The picture may be clouded even further if caustic agents have been used to clean the stump or if silver nitrate has been used to cauterize granulomata of the umbilical stump.

Prevention
During the 1950s there were outbreaks of omphalitis that then led to anti-bacterial treatment of the umbilical cord stump as the new standard of care. It was later determined that in developed countries keeping the cord dry is sufficient, (known as "dry cord care") as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. The umbilical cord dries more quickly and separates more readily when exposed to air However, each hospital/birthing center has its own recommendations for care of the umbilical cord after delivery. Some recommend not using any medicinal washes on the cord. Other popular recommendations include triple dye, betadine, bacitracin, or silver sulfadiazine. With regards to the medicinal treatments, there is little data to support any one treatment (or lack thereof) over another. However one recent review of many studies supported the use of chlorhexidine treatment as a way to reduce risk of death by 23% and risk of omphalitis by anywhere between 27 and 56% in community settings in underdeveloped countries. This study also found that this treatment increased the time that it would take for the umbilical stump to separate or fall off by 1.7 days. Lastly this large review also supported the notion that in hospital settings no medicinal type of cord care treatment was better at reducing infections compared to dry cord care.

Treatment
Treatment consists of antibiotic therapy aimed at the typical bacterial pathogens in addition to supportive care for any complications which might result from the infection itself such as hypotension or respiratory failure. A typical regimen will include intravenous antibiotics such as from the penicillin-group which is active against Staphylococcus aureus and an aminoglycoside for activity against Gram-negative bacteria. For particularly invasive infections, antibiotics to cover anaerobic bacteria may be added (such as metronidazole). Treatment is typically for two weeks and often necessitates insertion of a central venous catheter or peripherally inserted central catheter.

Epidemiology
The current incidence in the United States is somewhere around 0.5% per year; overall, the incidence rate for developed world falls between 0.2 and 0.7%. In developing countries, the incidence of omphalitis varies from 2 to 7 for 100 live births. There does not appear to be any racial or ethnic predilection.

Like many bacterial infections, omphalitis is more common in those patients who have a weakened or deficient immune system or who are hospitalized and subject to invasive procedures. Therefore, infants who are premature, sick with other infections such as blood infection (sepsis) or pneumonia, or who have immune deficiencies are at greater risk. Infants with normal immune systems are at risk if they have had a prolonged birth, birth complicated by infection of the placenta (chorioamnionitis), or have had umbilical catheters.

title: Omphalitis of newborn


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Babbat

Hey Abbott!!!!
Begining in 1967, 156 4 minute cartoons were produced with the help of Bud Abbott lending his voice. Almost everyone of them featured Lou Costello's character(voice by Stan Irwin) running for his life shouting "Hey Abbott!!!". They were produced by Hanna-Barbera Studios, RKO-Jomar Productions and distributed by: Gold Key Entertainment, King World Productions.

That information is well documented here and other places. And the line "I've been a bad boy Abbott" appeared in most of the radio, film and cartoon versions of thier comedy as well.

Further if you do a google on "I'm a bad boy Abbott" you'll get a dozen hits stating that was one of their trademark lines in radio, tv and in the cartoons.

So why this got flagged for deletion and cited as nonsense is beyond me. It is clearly one of thier lines. Maybe Feydey just doesn't like the story.

Sincerely,

Jake


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Starsomething

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. -Splash talk 18:31, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Starsomething
None notable Keenspace comic found here along with the martian surface forums here. A run of just over 60 comics followed by a hiatus since November last year. The article makes no assertion of notability, there is nothing here to distinguish this from every other website out there. - Hahnchen 00:19, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn Ashibaka (tock) 02:02, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with RPG World or Adventurers. This is a (defunct) side project of the creators of those two webcomics. (Personally, I'd favor RPG World, but I'll ask the creators what they think.) - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 06:23, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom Justin Bacon 06:07, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Secretary Island

Secretary Island (Ka Tū-waewae-o-Tū ) is an island in southwestern New Zealand, lying entirely within Fiordland National Park. Roughly triangular in shape, it lies between Doubtful Sound / Patea in the south and Te Awa-o-Tū / Thompson Sound in the north, with its west coast facing the Tasman Sea. To the east of the island, Pendulo Reach connects Te Awa-o-Tū / Thompson Sound with Doubtful Sound / Patea. Steeply sloped, the entirely bush-clad island rises to a chain of several peaks higher than 1000 metres. The highest of these is the 1196 m Mount Grono, the highest peak in the main New Zealand chain not located in the North or South Island. The island also contains three lakes. The largest, Secretary Lake, over 600 m long, is located beneath Mount Grono at an altitude of 550 m.

The island is uninhabited, and covers 81.4 km² of predominantly steep terrain almost entirely covered in dense native beech-podocarp forest, including plants such as mistletoes and mountain lancewood, which have been decimated elsewhere by the browsing of possums.

Its isolation and size make Secretary Island one of the most important islands in New Zealand for the conservation efforts of vulnerable native species. The island was never inhabited by possums or rodents, and by 2007, deer and stoat were eradicated as well, making it the largest completely pest-free island in New Zealand.

With the removal of deer, the complete native ecosystem is thriving, with plants from ground covers through to trees supporting a healthy population of native animals from insects and spiders to native birds. Transferred populations of endangered birds in particular have been recovering thanks to the absence of rats and mice.

Pest eradication
Between 2004 and 2008, the New Zealand Department of Conservation engaged in a project to eradicate pests from the island, to help protect native species found on the island. This was the largest Fiordland island targeted to achieve pest-free status, with the project aiming to eradicate deer and stoat, the only remaining animal pests present on Secretary Island at the time.

The deer population on Secretary Island was estimated at more than 700 as recently as 2006, before the eradication project reduced their numbers to a handful of deer that have still evaded capture. The removal of deer contributes significantly to the regeneration of native plants, which in turn helps support the endangered native species on the island as part of the natural process of restoration of the island's ecosystem.

From 2004 onwards, a network of stoat traps has been created on the island, connected via tramping tracks cut through the bush. The removal of stoats will provide significant protection for native species already present on the island, such as the Fiordland crested penguin, New Zealand falcon, kākā, kiwi and kākāriki. Becoming a stoat-free sanctuary would also allow the re-introduction of other species no longer found on the mainland, such as the Fiordland skink and kākāpō.

Recovery of endangered native animals
The absence of rodents allows an abundant population of native invertebrates to thrive, including the critically endangered knobbled weevil.

In 2008, 25 New Zealand rock wrens were translocated onto Secretary Island, with excellent results. A search by DoC rangers two years later found twelve unbanded rock wrens, confirming that natural breeding started to occur shortly after the translocation. Sixteen more birds were transferred in 2010. With its southern location and many areas over 1000 metres above sea level, Secretary Island is the most suitable offshore island for these alpine birds, as it offers the harsh alpine areas they prefer. On the mainland, rock wren are threatened by introduced predators.

27 North Island kōkako have also been moved to Secretary Island in 2008.

One of the largest relocations was the transfer of up to 60 yellowheads (mohua) caught in the Dart Valley and flown to Secretary Island to establish a population of these rare birds in a rat-free environment. The number of birds is sufficiently high to ensure adequate genetic diversity.

Other native birds transferred to the island following the eradication of stoat are South Island robin in 2008, and takahē in 2009.

Secretary Island is the only known locality of the New Zealand endemic moth species Sabatinca pluvialis.

Public Access
Secretary Island has been identified as a potential "Open Sanctuary" under the Fiordland National Park Draft Management Plan, which means that while it is protected, open access to the public would still be permitted. However, the island may be closed temporarily during the restoration project for stoat and deer control.

As with all of New Zealand's offshore conservation islands, visitors are expected to be diligent in ensuring they do not carry unwanted plant or animal pests onto Secretary Island via clothing, bags or equipment.

Blanket Bay on the southeast coast of the island has a small island in it with a wharf and a hut used for refuelling and supply by fishermen. A waterfall plunging from Secretary Island into the bay has been used in the past as a handy supply of fresh water.

Secretary Island is separated from Bauza Island by the Te Awaatu Channel, only 200 m wide at its narrowest point. The waters between the two islands are protected by the Te Awaatu Channel (The Gut) Marine Reserve. Doubtful Sound tour boats routinely travel through this channel, providing the public with an easy way to see this remote island up-close.

A radio repeater is located on Mt Grono, the highest point on the island, to provide communication coverage for boat operators in and around the Fiordland coast.

Earthquake
In 1993 Secretary Island was the epicentre of a Mw 6.8 earthquake, which was reportedly felt in Sydney. Ten years later, the 2003 Fiordland earthquake had an epicentre near Secretary Island.

title: Secretary Island


text:
HP 9g

The hp 9g (F2222A) is a graphing calculator designed by Kinpo Electronics, Inc and produced by Hewlett-Packard. It has basic graphing, scientific and programming features designed for use by students.

Despite resembling a typical scientific calculator in appearance, such as those by competitors Casio and Sharp, the 9g departs from HP calculator tradition because it does not have an RPN mode. It is also particular unusual for its display, which includes a compact dot-matrix grid for displaying graphs, a dot-matrix character line which displays expressions being input (acting as a continuation of the dot-matrix grid), and a seven-segment line to display answers to expressions.

The HP-9g is similar to Citizen SRP-325G, also designed by Kinpo Electronics, Inc.

title: HP 9g


text:
Talk:Water jet cutter

Catching the water
How does the water get "caught" after it has cut? If this device can cut through almost anything, what's to stop the water jet? (Perhaps it lands in a pool of water?) —Ben FrantzDale 14:31, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * A pool of water is correct. There are also vertical sacrificial slats mostly submerged in the pool of water. —Ben FrantzDale 01:55, 30 March 2006 (UTC)
 * There are multiple ways to catch the water and hold the material. Some companies use ball bearings, some use metal slats, other use metal slats with additional materials (plastics, foams, etc.) for holding the material in the air. In the case of the pools of water (commonly refered to as a catcher tank), you can actually damage the tank if the jet stays in the same position for a number of hours or longer. They really do cut through anything. Engunneer 23:20, 31 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I work at a company that cuts cross link foam with water jets. We do not use abrasives, so a thick aluminum pan 6-12" below the chain the foam sits on works just fine and they only need replaced every few years.  We used to use bricks made out of corrugated plastic and those lasted about a month.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.115.5.44 (talk) 04:48, 16 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I can attest to this conversation, we've cut through our tank on two occasions. There was also a ~3/8" plate of steel we were using to prevent this that it also cut through. Though we were using a big orifice, at 82ksi, with a high abrasive feed rate (lots of energy input). A big factor not yet mentioned is stand off distance. Waterjets do not maintain their ability to cut at a substantial distance. 184.0.192.146 (talk) 03:26, 30 March 2013 (UTC)

Water jets in food manufacturing?
Are the waterjets in this article the same is the ones used in food manufacturing? (For slicing cakes, bread, sandwiches...) I know some manufacturers use them because they don't have to worry about sanitation/contamination. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.124.29.130 (talk) 07:42, 26 January 2007 (UTC).
 * Sort of. Yes, they're the same kind of thing and operate the same way.  No, they're not exactly the same models used in "industry," as industry has different models of waterjets for different tasks.  Obviously they're not using a waterjet that will cut through a 4'x8' sheet of two inch thick steel to cut the cakes you buy at the supermarket. - Toastydeath 23:52, 26 January 2007 (UTC)
 * There are two major types of waterjets -- abrasive (AWJ) and plain. AWJs get their ability to cut from their abrasive, NOT the water. The water is simply a medium used to transfer energy to the abrasive particles. Then the particles hit a material and disintegrate it. Very little of the cutting in an AWJ is accomplished with the water.

 * However when you are cutting food, it is best to not distribute a bunch of abrasive into the food. Additionally, food tends to not be very difficult to "machine" meaning you don't need to mess with all the hassles of abrasive. As a result, a plain waterjet is used.

 * In summary, AWJs are used when you want to cut something of significant depth, or something hard to machine like aluminum or steel; plain waterjets are perfectly sufficient to cut through many foods. 184.0.192.146 (talk) 02:04, 4 May 2014 (UTC)

What's the UMR stonehenge?
and what is it doing in the article? I couldn't figure it out. 132.68.56.153 14:28, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
 * good question. I thought I had deleted it before, but I sure did this time. --Chuck Sirloin 14:57, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
 * A few years late to the party, but the UMR stonehenge was cut by waterjets. 184.0.192.146 (talk) 22:21, 2 July 2013 (UTC)

This article needs to be SI standardised.
Inches and PSI are not internationally accepted measurements and generally mean little to people outside north america. LennyValentin 04:07, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I added millimetres and megapascals based on an online conversion from the imperial measurements given in the article. If someone has sourced metric figures, please replace mine. It's probably also best to leave the imperial measurements in front, certainly until there are proper metric figures. Leushenko 23:35, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
 * The pressure units were wrong. 400MPa gives 4000atm, which is impossible to obtain. The correct is 400kPa, approximately 4atm. fuchsroter 10 December 2007 —Preceding comment was added at 19:40, 10 December 2007 (UTC)
 * That is incorrect, and pressures close to atmospheric are what you get out of a Super Soaker. I have reverted it back to MPa.--Ceriel Nosforit (talk) 22:08, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

wood tool
are jet cutters really used in wood working? It seems like they would do more harm than good by exposing the wood to the abrasive medium an well as saturating the part with water.Boatman666 (talk) 22:32, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Depending on the type of wood, it does not absorb much water. The abrasive material is equivalent to using sandpaper. Letting the wood dry out properly restores it to good condition. Engunneer (talk) 20:40, 23 May 2008 (UTC)--

Merge from Waterjet cuttinghead
There's a new article titled Waterjet cuttinghead. It's quite short. I'd like to suggest that the material, if deemed useful, be merged into the main article here rather than being maintained as a separate article.
 * I just changed the page to redirect to this one. That page had zero content in three sentences, so I don't think anything was lost. —Ben FrantzDale (talk) 00:10, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

Materials that cannot be cut
"Materials that cannot be cut with waterjet are tempered glass, diamonds and certain ceramics"

Is it worth stating why these materials cannot be cut with a waterjet? If anyone knows... —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jez 006 (talk • contribs) 02:30, 4 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Tempered glass has internal stresses that cause it to fracture violently when pierced. Diamonds are even harder than garnet, and so they would be very difficult to cut, although perhaps with special (industrial diamond?) abrasives it would be possible. I would fathom that ceramics could be either - some might be too brittle to cut without damaging, and some might be too hard.

 * There's other materials that a waterjet can't cut, of course. For example, materials that are damaged by water (like paper). When you try to cut MDF board on a waterjet, the pressure can sometimes cause the material to delaminate unless countermeasures are taken. Iron and steel can be cut without rusting though, as long as they're dried off afterward.--JB Gnome (talk) 22:56, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

Slight problem with the wording in one of the images.
"... An abrasive water-jet cutter puts the final cuts on a special tool ... ". A "special tool"? Please! It's a spanner !!! (wrench?). What was that previous comment about needing a more authoritative source? Looks like we need that here. Old_Wombat (talk) 09:04, 7 September 2011 (UTC)

 * I changed the subjective phrase "special tool" to the more objective phrase "metal tool". -- Burnishe (talk) 23:09, 9 December 2012 (UTC)

Nozzle
If the water is at high enough pressures to cut through basically anything, what prevents the jet from eroding the nozzle? 124.149.178.14 (talk) 12:55, 4 August 2012 (UTC)

 * It's not the pressure (which is isotropic) that cuts, it's the momentum (which has a direction). So the cutting happens "ahead" of the nozzle, where the jet impacts upon the workpiece, not alongside, to the sidewalls of the nozzle. There is some nozzle wear, true, but this is handled by making the nozzles from hard-wearing materials, such as ceramics or even artificial sapphire (which is cheaper than you might think). Nozzles are also easily replaceable as a consumable part. Andy Dingley (talk) 18:17, 4 August 2012 (UTC)

Removed refimprove tag from Feb 2009
I removed the refimprove tag from Feb 2009 because 24 additional references have been added to the article since that tag was added, and almost every statement in the article now includes a reference. -- Burnishe (talk) 23:26, 9 December 2012 (UTC)

Disadvantages
I think a disadvantages sections is needed. Abrasive Waterjets are self destructive, frequently needing maintenance. It's worthwhile to note that methinks. --64.4.68.234 (talk) 17:23, 29 December 2014 (UTC)

Also, the article states "Meatcutting using waterjet technology eliminates the risk of cross contamination . . .", but I imagine the aerosol generated might result in bacterial and prion contamination. Are there any sources referring to this potential disadvantage, either in the context of food processing or other applications?Plantsurfer (talk) 11:40, 9 March 2015 (UTC)

Oops, too many double quotes removed
While making other corrections I think I may have removed a few too many double quotes in the references while cleaning up. The document was littered with opening quotes, double quotes, smart quotes, inverted commas and what not. The usage in the references was especially erratic so I deleted a bunch. Perhaps they could all be robot corrected back to the correct type if there is a standard for references. I noticed the reference I placed got quotes when using the cite web template tool.

Please do not revert the other changes, they were much needed.

Idyllic press (talk) 21:39, 18 July 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Water jet cutter


text: File:ElectionsNWTLogo.png

title: File:ElectionsNWTLogo.png


text:
Talk:The Daily Toreador

Growth
Will be working on updating this page with new stats and information regarding old awards received. Etc. 75.110.211.16 (talk) 09:24, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

Logo
If anyone has or can obtain the newspaper's logo, please feel free to add it. Thanks! Maltmomma (chat)  00:21, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I added the logo and the newspaper infobox. --Myles Long/cDc 16:58, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Notability
I agree that the article needs to be bulked up. However, if it is determined that The Daily Toreador is not notable, then all articles for all college student newspapers need to be deleted as well. It's not fair or equitable to say that such-and-such college's student newspaper is notable but the one for Texas Tech is not. --Wordbuilder 00:15, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I looked at a random sampling of 15 Wikipedia articles for other student newspapers and none of them contained a tag regarding notability. Some of the articles contained more information than the one for The Daily Toreador. Some contained less. Others, about the same. Currently there are 188 articles in the Category:Student newspapers published in the United States. Therefore, if no one presents a reasonable objection, I will remove the notability tag from the article associate with this discussion page. --Wordbuilder 15:31, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:The Daily Toreador


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Spergularia

Spergularia is a genus in the family Caryophyllaceae, containing salt-tolerant plants known as sandspurrys (or sandspurries) and sea-spurreys. There are about 60 species.

Selected species

 * Spergularia azorica – endemic to the archipelago of the Azores
 * Spergularia atrosperma – blackseed sandspurry
 * Spergularia bocconei (Scheele) Graebn. – Boccone's sand-spurrey
 * Spergularia canadensis – Canadian sandspurry
 * Spergularia catalaunica Monnier
 * Spergularia diandra (Guss.) Boiss.
 * Spergularia echinosperma (Celak.) Asch. & Graebn.
 * Spergularia heldreichii Foucaud
 * Spergularia macrorrhiza (Loisel.) Heynh.
 * Spergularia macrotheca – sticky sandspurry
 * Spergularia marina (L.) Besser – lesser sea-spurrey
 * Spergularia media (L.) C.Presl – greater sea-spurrey
 * Spergularia nicaeensis Sarato ex Burnat
 * Spergularia platensis
 * Spergularia rubra (L.) J.Presl & C.Presl – red sand-spurrey
 * Spergularia rupicola Lebel ex Le Jol.
 * Spergularia salina J.Presl & C.Presl
 * Spergularia segetalis (L.) G.Don
 * Spergularia tasmanica
 * Spergularia tangerina P.Monnier
 * Spergularia villosa – hairy sandspurry

title: Spergularia


text:
Wikipedia:Copyright problems/2005 September 30

September 30
* PageName from [source]. -- ~


text: User talk:69.110.56.51

title: User talk:69.110.56.51


text:
Painted Desert

Painted Desert may refer to:

Geography

 * Painted Desert (Arizona), an area of badlands in the southwestern United States
 * Painted Desert Inn, a lodge at the Petrified Forest National Park
 * Painted Desert (South Australia), a mountainous area in south-central Australia
 * Painted Desert, a neighborhood in Las Vegas, Nevada, US

Film

 * The Painted Desert, a 1931 film starring Clark Gable
 * Painted Desert (1938 film), a 1938 remake starring George O'Brien and Laraine Day
 * Painted Desert, a 1993 film featuring Don Keith Opper

Music

 * Painted Desert, a movement in the Grand Canyon Suite by Ferde Grofé
 * The Painted Desert, a 2004 album by the Barrett Martin Group
 * The Painted Desert, a 2005 composition for brass band by Philip Sparke

Songs

 * "Painted Desert", a song on the 1970 album The Price You Got to Pay to Be Free by Cannonball Adderley
 * "The Painted Desert", a 1985 single by Pat Benatar from her 1984 album Tropico
 * "The Painted Desert", a song by 10,000 Maniacs from their 1987 album In My Tribe

Other uses

 * Arizona elegans philipi, commonly known as the Painted Desert glossy snake

title: Painted Desert


text:
Talk:The Battalion

Logo
If anyone has or can obtain the newspaper's logo, please feel free to add it. Thanks! Maltmomma (chat)  00:22, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Added — BQZip01 —  talk 21:31, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080408194025/http://studentmedia.tamu.edu/Alumni.html to http://studentmedia.tamu.edu/Alumni.html

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title: Talk:The Battalion


text: User talk:68.4.118.120

title: User talk:68.4.118.120