text:
Talk:Orihime Inoue

Flowers
First of all, please check your grammar if you edit the page, and re-read your changes right away to find out errors (this is for 124.numbers).

Additionally, we don't know that Orihime can kill a hollow but not a seated shinigami. In fact, the shinigami she targeted was 4th seat (very powerful, compared to seats like 15th or 20th who are weak, or even a guy like Hanatarou), plus she didn't actually want to kill him unlike the hollow, so it's even possible that she potentially could. Please don't add that line a 3rd time.

Oh yeah, and who knows what a chrysanthemum is? I did because it's the only word for it in Russian, but most English-speaking folk wouldn't. Daisy is a simpler and more common word which means practically the same thing.

-- Ynhockey 00:38, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * They don't mean the same to me, I think of chrysanthemum as a rarer flower than a daisy. It would be like changing iris to tulip and camellia to rose. They would be changing rare/exotic flowers for more common flowers in my mind. Though they all could be more common in Japan. Also if you wanted to change one, ume would be better changed to plum as the Ume page says the word's imported from Japan.Hackwrench 06:10, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Furthermore, when I think of daisy, I think of a flower that more looks likethe picture of Bidens torta in the Asteraceae page and not like the picture of a chrysanthemum, fewer, bigger petals, not a bunch of smaller ones. Then there's the matter of what the English translation of the Anime/Manga uses. They've just shown the first appearance of them on Cartoon Network last week, so I'm not sure. There's also the question of whether the attack animations take on the appearance of flowers. If there is one that looks more like a chrysanthemum than a daisy, or vice-versa, that would be another indication of which path to take. Hackwrench 06:22, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Also, Mums is better in English, didn't make the connection at first, partly because for a long time chrysanthemums had been mispronounced Chrysanteim or some such. Hackwrench 08:30, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Since Orihime's healing and barrier skills are considered to be very powerful, it is likely that her division skill would be as well, if she ever put her heart into using it. Also, who doesn't know what a chrysanthymum is? Besides, all that really matters is that people recognize it as a type of flower. I guess it doesn't really matter though.--Tjstrf 09:38, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

I've noticed that Orihime is consistantly referred to as liking Ichigo in "a rather sisterly fashion" in the anime. I wouldn't say this is correct. She is usually flustered, nervous and blushing around him, even in the latest episode of the series (ep 59). To me this reflects more of a crush, possibly just a 'past crush, now good friend' but definately not "sisterly". Tatsuki is probably a better example of sisterly affection.

Feedback on what others think on this issue would be good because I believe that these references should be removed and leave the 'crush' for both manga and anime - possibly with a simple "(this is more obvious in the manga)" or something. -- SpringBoy 13:09, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes I agree. I didn't change it because I thought I missed something and probably the author was correct. It should be changed if you also think this way. -- Ynhockey 13:41, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Brother
Does anyone know his name? There was Sora and now Kakei? I don't remember if it was ever mentioned but both seem strange. Anyone care to confirm/refute either? For now I removed the name entirely. -- Ynhockey 17:09, 6 January 2006 (UTC)
 * In the manga, they always call him her brother, no name given. Unless they mention it in the anime or her character bio page,he doesn't have one. --Tjstrf 18:22, 6 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Terribly sorry that I'm over 10 months late here, but you're wrong. It's clearly stated by Orihime that his name is Kakei (this is mentioned multiple times in chapters 5 and 6 in the first volume of the manga). // Sasuke  -kun  27  03:10, 1 December 2006 (UTC)
 * That's dub/Viz only though. --tjstrf talk 03:33, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

 * In the official character polls, it mentions an Inoue Sora, the name given to Orihime's brother. Though it can be argued as non-canon, the filler episode shows a "fake" version of Orihime's brother, also refered to as Sora.

OK, the Bleach character book (page 40) clearly states that the name is Sora (昊). If you see anyone changing it again (especially to Kakei), please revert immediately. Thanks. -- Ynhockey (Talk) 11:23, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

vandalism
Two different IP with the same first three digits recently vandalized the page in very similar ways. I don't know how you can tell if its an AOL user or other proxy-type connection, so someone should try and find out and post AOL user or whatever on their talk page. The two IPs were 200.9.73.142 and 200.9.73.103. --Anaraug 23:39, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

My revert
Apologies for writing a misleading summary, I meant to write it for the other revert I was going to make. But as for this one, the comments about very large breasts are completely unnecessary, and sound like fancruft (whether they are or not) too. -- Ynhockey (Talk) 14:42, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Disagreed; her very large breasts are indeed the butt of some jokes thorough the series. And you call a cat, a cat. Her breasts ARE very large. --Delf 19:19, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

Doesnt this need a spoiler warning somewhere?
....

 * Perhaps just the synopsis needs it, most of the other info is general information... Fruitcake119 08:38, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Synopsis
This article needs a synopsis section. Hopefully it won't be a mess like the one at Ichigo Kurosaki though. Is anyone willing to write it? I will only have time on Thursday. -- Ynhockey (Talk) 20:33, 24 July 2006 (UTC)
 * If you dont want it to be a mess, why dont you do what the Naruto articles did and make a separate article named "Plot of Bleach" then link it to every character page that is growing too large? --GhostStalker 08:25, 28 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Because wikipolicy states these articles really shouldn't be plot summaries. I take this to mean only information about the character themself should be included, not everything that happened in any scene they were in. This gets to be a huge problem in things like Ichigo Kurosaki, where the most recent plot, revealed in the last 6 chapters (that's 5% of the series) takes up as much space as the entire first arc, but the solution there is simply to heavily slash the summary after each mini-arc concludes. --tjstrf 08:35, 28 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Eh, the Uzumaki Naruto article had the same problem, because editors, including myself, added too much information from the latest chapters and didnt trim it down later. What Im suggesting is to make a seperate article for the entire plot of Bleach, if the synopsis portions of articles become too large to manage. --GhostStalker 09:03, 28 July 2006 (UTC)
 * If you're going to do that, why not just write a wikibook? As I see it, purposefully creating articles for fancruft is about the worst thing you could possibly do. I like thinking of our articles here as at least being well-intentioned even if not perfectly implemented, this would be a huge step away from that. --tjstrf 09:26, 28 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I think that you can just make a summary of all the information. Like for example, the anime section. Instead of writing it all in great detail, you can just say "Inoue was captured by some mysterious people, and Ichigo, Renji, Chad and Ishida had to go through several challenges to save her" and so on. The whole page would become much shorter that way. Am I a bit confused with what you all are talking about? If you are discussing ways of trying to shorten the page somehow, then writing summaries is the best thing we can do. Sumhtun 05:12, 18 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The problem is that it's not so simple to determine what information to include in the short summary. Some of it may be important for the article overall (not just as a synopsis) for example. -- Ynhockey (Talk) 05:18, 18 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I think the Anime section can be cleared up anyway. The story about the Bount ends half-way, and is it really important to the story? I don't remember reading about any Bount in the manga. Sumhtun 06:35, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

I have attempted to rewrite the synopsis in a way that includes only the relevent points to the overall development of the character. Also, another thing I did notice is the inconsistency over the reference for Orihime. She is referred mostly by her first name while referred by her last name in some part of the article. I've tried to edit most of them so that they all refer to her as "Orihime". -- Finestela 06:28, 12 September 2006 (UTC)
 * All right... The synopsis section is, overall, cleaned up (with the exception of the anime, which I have not followed since the Bount Arc has begun). I've concentrated mostly on the events that builds up Orihime as a character, and weeded out the rest.
 * Also, thanks to Sumhtun and some others, the article now refers to Orihime by her first name in all instances, as oppose to the back and forth reference. -- Finestela 21:00, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

Jump Heroines Special Cover
Here's the source for my edit. The reason I'm making my edit sounding a bit vague (as oppose to saying outright that she has replaced Rukia) is because Kubo did not (and probably never will) indicate such change. From my understanding, Kubo never stated who the female lead (heroine in Japanese) is in the series, and referred Rukia as a protagonist (shujinkou). As far as I'm concern, both Rukia and Orihime are female leads in the story officially. Also, another reason there have been noises around the internet is the feature of Don Patch from Bobobo in the heroine coverpage (damn you! Bobobo!), which some used as an excuse to discredit the cover as "official" (while ignoring the fact that all other characters, excluding Orihime, are, in fact, female leads). -- Finestela 01:17, 7 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Weekly Jump Cover, Heroines Edition
 * Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo is intentionally irrational and tries to violate one's expectations at every turn. So it proves nothing that it would put a non-female (at least not obviously female) character where there should be a sexy female character. JRSpriggs 13:02, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
 * While I would personally agree with you (and indeed wish Rukia would up and die already), it's still speculation. You'll also notice that Orihime makes much better fanservice in the minds of most readers, so one can construct other reasons for the change. --tjstrf 01:22, 7 September 2006 (UTC)
 * There are the huge words of "Gathering of Heroines" stamped on the top right hand corner (ヒロイン集結). The only reason I've listed the above "alternative viewpoint" is stating the "speculative nature" for such dissent. The statement itself, that Orihime is "a" female lead, is a undisputed fact, via a graphical announcement of Weekly Jump. -- Finestela 01:33, 7 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh, I thought we were talking about that IP edit that claimed she had replaced Rukia. Your edit is fine. --tjstrf 01:43, 7 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Not a problem. I didn't like that IP edit either, since it was phrased poorly :P -- Finestela 10:40, 7 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I am so laughing at you guys. http://ileenka.livejournal.com/28427.html#cutid2

- Finestela 17:21, 25 September 2006 (UTC)
 * 1. Sign your discussion entry.
 * 2. Why don't you go back and do more research? Mainly when the two Official Books were published, compare to when the Weekly Jump Magazine Cover came out, before running your mouth?
 * 3. Now that you've brought up... why not try to find the exact quote about what Kubo really said regarding this so-called reference for Rukia's "shujinkou" status (as well as when and where the quote was from)?? Yes? No? Maybe? The fact is you can't find it anywhere! Even 2ch stopped referring to that statement altogether.
 * 4. There are plenty of people on Wikipedia that knows Japanese... so don't worry about your little sentence filled with romaji... we'll manage.

Excuse me as I tremble in fear of your blog. Sorry I pissed off the shippers.

Besides, I actually was REMOVING the claim that Orihime had replaced Rukia in my edits. like this one

My comments on the talk page were in opposition to inserting the claim that Orihime had replaced Rukia as the female lead into the article. --tjstrf 19:18, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

 * There we go... Our beloved ileenka is finally done after having every single twisted argument she came up refuted... It's funny how it ended with the "picture side by side" argument to prove this is an official statement for Rukia's status as the "sole" female lead.
 * No one is disputing the fact that Rukia is a female lead (or the first female lead), but you can't just use a unverified statement to prove a fact (though she still doesn't seem to grasp this).
 * Oh well... it's still Finestela 1, ileenka 0 I guess... -- Finestela 19:15, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
 * ...Finestela, did you HAVE to do that? I'd be slapping WP:CIV and WP:DFTT warnings all over your talk page if that were onwiki. I can't say she didn't deserve it for so absurdly misrepresenting us though. --tjstrf talk 08:41, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Interesting. One of my contributions was ranted about in a blog.  That's a first for me.  Admittedly, I was being a little sassy in the comment, but it was important to reach a consensus rather than wrestling back and forth in pointless edit war.  We eventually decided to go with order-of-appearance.  –Gunslinger47 10:29, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Happens more often than you'd think. It's happened to me 3 times that I know of, and I'm not even that controversial. --tjstrf talk 10:36, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
 * What would a "confirmed federal contractor" like yourself ever do to cause controversy? :-D –Gunslinger47 10:58, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Wait, aren't I a sockpuppet of User:MONGO? I can't be a contractor, because sockpuppets aren't human beings and contractors are clearly defined as "person"s. (And if Cplot has a blog, then I'm probably on 4, I wasn't thinking of that.) --tjstrf talk 11:09, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

"Official" VIZ site
A link to the official VIZ site has been put on the main Bleach page. It says that Orihime weighs 75kg. Sounds like she's already been installing parts of future Orihime (maybe the lasers?). Good job again, VIZ! Dekimasu 12:30, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
 * ROFL... I can't stop myself from laughing as I see the info on that site... Someone ought to send an e-mail to Kubo and tell him what's happening in the U.S.
 * Jokes apart, I'm going to ignore that and pretend it's not there untill some poor soul unwittingly believes in this and tries to change the info box.
 * Personally, I believe it's the missles that's packing all those weight... =P -- Finestela
 * Update: They chanaged it back (awwww...) But for those who missed it fun, here's a screenie of the misinformation/typo: This must've packed with anti-ballistic missles of some kind... :P -- Finestela 22:22, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
 * She must have been jumping on the scale when they took the measurement. 75kg? That's nearly as much as Chad, isn't it? --tjstrf 22:42, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Who's to say that's not all boob? :DHentai Jeff 09:25, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Realm of the gods
Looking at the RAW, Aizen says this about Orihime:
 * 神の領域を侵す能カだよ
 * Kami no ryōiki o okasu nōryoku da yo.
 * M7: "This power violates the realm of god."

Kami is something I always see translated inappropriately; mostly due to Judeo-Christian baggage on the word "god". From what I can see, whenever they're talking about a specific god, it is referred to as Kami-sama. The word kami alone can refer to one or more gods. "Kami no ryōiki" is probably best translated as "the realm of gods". This avoids any incidental references to the God god, while staying true to Aizen's original meaning. –Gunslinger47 06:45, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
 * You are correct. Kami does not mean the God, it can mean any god, or gods. Although gods in plural are often referred to as kamigami. -- Ynhockey (Talk) 16:26, 3 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Often, but not always, right? A realm of dogs could be translated to inu no ryōiki accurately enough.  There'd be no need to say inu tachi no ryōiki or whatever, according to what my pathetically minimal knowledge of Japanese tells me. –Gunslinger47 00:22, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

Orihime destroyes the orb?
"She appears to have converted to Aizen's side and is ordered by him to repair the Orb of Distortion, which was damaged via the excessive transformations of various hollows into arrancar, by reversing time and returning it to the moment before Aizen started using it. However, this proves to be false, as she resolves to destroy the orb with her powers by erasing its existence altogether."

Is the last sentence true?or is it some sort of prank? DivineBaboon 03:08, 8 April 2007 (UTC)
 * She resolves to. She hasn't actually done it yet. --tjstrf talk 03:23, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

Sora or Kakei?
In the anime, they say that Orihime's brother is named Sora and in the english manga it's Kakei. Is there any difference between them, if there isn't shouldn't the article include something about the names? T3h Seeahrahsoo 04:13, 11 April 2007 (UTC)Syarasu

 * If you've overlooked it, this topic is touched on in one of this article's footnotes: Orihime Inoue. –Gunslinger47 04:46, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

 * woah....now that's the reason to see those....kills, man. Sorreh. T3h Seeahrahsoo 01:46, 12 April 2007 (UTC)Syarasu

What page number states the name Kakei? Which volume? WhisperToMe 01:05, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

 * English manga only, Kakei was an invented name so that they didn't have to include lots of onii-chan/"big bro" in the dialogue. Orihime never actually says her brother's name originally, so until the databooks came out it was unknown. --tjstrf talk 01:08, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

 * For a specific location, refer to page 137 (as well as a few others) of Viz's volume 1. It's "Kakei" in my copy (third printing, 2005) so it's not out of the realm of possibility that it has since been corrected. ~SnapperTo 07:10, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

Edits
I've made some minor revisions to the article. I hope you don't mind. This regards the deaths of the Arrancar. From my copy of the translation it is shown that only Menoly was killed where as Lolly was still alive though injured. I have also put Lolly's observation on the incident since it seems like an important observation that may effect the development of the Orihime. (NewDreams2 09:50, 15 May 2007 (UTC)) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by NewDreams2 (talk • contribs) 09:50, 15 May 2007 (UTC).

Orihime as a female lead
Is it really neccessary to say that she's "a second female lead" when there's no concrete evidence of that? It seems that only the fact that she has had an expanding character is enough. Shun Shun Rikka 00:37, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

I disagree, I think saying she's the second female lead is accurate, after all, who would you say it is, she does appear and make more of a diffrence than any other girl in the series (except Rukia ofcourse) besides, it's some "gossip" that Orahime will actually destroy the Hogyoku and be the real hero of the story, I don't no about that, but it's fair to see that she's the second female lead, absolutly! —Preceding unsigned comment added by CaptinAsagi (talk • contribs) 17:00, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

Picture of inoue in her outfit keep?
Ok i put up a image of inoue in her new outfit at Las Noches. I thought it went along with the other picture of when she was in a shinigami outfit. Optimous (talk 12:31, 13 August 2007 (UTC).

I think there should be a diifrent picture, I liked her apperance more in the Soul Society arc., there should be picture of her from that time period, besides, in this picture she looks way to depressed to be like the Orahime we all no and love, we have way enough deep charecters, and deep pictures of them, we finally get the mascot for pure happiness here and now look, besides, for fans just browsing they would'nt want to read a depressing looking artical! -CaptinAsagi--CaptinAsagi (talk) 02:03, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

Trivia
I integrated the trivia into the article. However can anyone verify the first bit regarding the word Vega being printed on a cover (I assumed it was chapters since the person who initially put in the trivia bit didn't elaborate more) in volume 1 of the manga? Fox816 05:25, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

Image
Orihime isn't a shinigami, she's a human. We should get a picture of her without a shinigami outfit. Artist Formerly Known As Whocares 21:45, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree Twsl 22:11, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I believe Sephiroth's been the one going around replacing all the images in the last couple days, ask him. (Also, we do have the Loituma Girl image which shows her in normal human garb.) --tjstrf talk 23:01, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
 * As much as I like the Orihime-shinigami image, it should be changed to reflect her not actually being a shinigami. I can get a screenshot and have it uploaded. Fox816 23:47, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

 * New image added. See Image:OrihimeAnimeEp113.jpg. Been at it ever since I figured out how to use "print screen." If anyone has a better image in a certain episode, then tell me on my talk page and I'll fetch it. Sephiroth BCR  ( Converse ) 06:38, 5 September 2007 (UTC)
 * She looks a bit sober but that will do I guess =) Twsl 09:24, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

To Sephiroth BCR: Be careful adding or replacing images. The issue is not just whether you can input a better image, but whether the image will stay in the system, which depends on it not being a copyright violation. Notice just below your editing window it says "Content that violates any copyright will be deleted.". This is really true. JRSpriggs 01:12, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Discussion continued at User talk:JRSpriggs. Sephiroth BCR  ( Converse ) 01:20, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

If it's alright, I'm planning to replace the current image with a...er...happier one of Orihime considering she's really upbeat a lot of the time. The one used now is rather melancholic. I'm still going through the episodes to find a good one. Fox816 03:47, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't mind. In fact it has been bugging me as well. Twsl 10:02, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

 * There should be a picture of Orihime in her Las Noches stile outfit same as there is for for Aizen, Gin and Tousen. if no one dissagres i will go ahead and add one next to her Synopsis. WhiteStrike (talk) 06:55, 17 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Shunshunrikka.jpg
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BetacommandBot 15:43, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

AGE
her age is 16 now. she was 15 at the beginning then on the last day of shcool it says they get back in school in september and her birthday is in september and it has been 6 months scince they got back in school so she is definately 16 by now —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.201.53.226 (talk) 14:41, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

 * We know, but we're only posting their ages at the beginning of the series for each character. King Zeal (talk) 14:59, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

WHY? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.201.53.226 (talk) 15:20, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

Because we dont know the exact date in which they are born.AND also it has not been officially stated what age the characters are as of now in the series.Grimmjow E6 (talk) 16:36, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

Golden princess?
I think that "Orihime" might be "ori" (gold) + "hime" (princess). So "Orihime" means "golden princess". Does that make sense to you-all?

When the arrancars Loly and Menoly are harassing her they call her "princess". JRSpriggs (talk) 13:00, 15 January 2010 (UTC)

 * So?Tintor2 (talk) 16:59, 15 January 2010 (UTC)

 * If you agree, we could add a sentence to the article saying that "Orihime" means "golden princess". Perhaps in the lead? JRSpriggs (talk) 00:39, 17 January 2010 (UTC)

New Image
Finally following up what I said here roughly 3yrs ago, I'm planning on uploading a new image of Orihime to replace the one we have now per previous reason. I was thinking of using an image from early in the series then possibly having an image showing her progression in design within the text such as is how the article Sakura Haruno does so. Thoughts? Fox816 (talk) 15:34, 5 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I guess an image with her wearing normal clothes or school clothes and also smiling would help. I don't think one image with her white clothes from the Arrancar arc should be used as I guess it will stop being regular in some time (although Kubo seems to be dragging the arc too much).Tintor2 (talk) 15:41, 5 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Yea, that's what I was thinking as well in regards to a new image - her in regular attire while smiling. I think at one point we had an image of her in Las Noches attire placed in text but that was taken out. I agree that bringing it back or putting that one in would be unnecessary. Fox816 (talk) 19:04, 5 August 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Orihime Inoue


text:
Mutiny Acts

The Mutiny Acts were an almost 200-year series of annual Acts passed by the Parliament of England, the Parliament of Great Britain, and the Parliament of the United Kingdom for governing, regulating, provisioning, and funding the English and later British Army.

The first Mutiny Act was passed in 1689 in response to the mutiny of a large portion of the army which stayed loyal to James II upon William III taking the crown of England. The Mutiny Act, altered in 1803, and the Articles of War defined the nature and punishment of mutiny until the latter were replaced by the Army Discipline and Regulation Act 1879 (42 & 43 Vict. c. 33). In 1881, this was in turn replaced by the Army Act – An Act to consolidate the Army Discipline and Regulation Act, 1879, and the subsequent Acts amending the Same. This was extended or amended or consolidated annually (the most recent update having been made in 1995). Today, mutiny by British forces is punished under the Armed Forces Act 2006.

Depending on events, additions, and changes within the established system more than one Mutiny Act might be passed within a given year. Within the empire specific geographical disturbances were sometimes governed by specific Acts, such as the Mutiny, East Indies Act 1754 (27 Geo. 2. c. 9), or the Mutiny, America Act from 1765 (5 Geo. 3. c. 33) to 1776 (16 Geo. 3. c. 11). A closely related series of Marine Mutiny Acts starting in 1755 (28 Geo. 2. c. 11) would regulate His Majesty's Marine Forces while on shore, and continue well into the 19th century.

Background
During the Middle Ages, European rulers applied the same laws to both civilian and military populations. Because of this, military law (law governing armed forces) and martial law (control of society by the military) were not independent legal approaches. Rulers began separating the laws governing the civilian population and the laws for the armed forces as the medieval period drew to a close.

In England, William the Conqueror's Aural Regis (or King's Court) assisted him in ruling both his armed forces and the English population. Over time, this court divided and developed specialized legal expertise. King Edward I created a Court of Chivalry headed by the Lord High Constable and the Earl Marshal, two members of the King's Court. This Court of Chivalry was given authority over cases of military law, chivalry, heraldry, and murder or high treason overseas. The army was seen as the crown's personal force. Its governance, as a military force, was the crown's royal prerogative. The crown governed the military by publishing articles of war. These articles applied to the army during a specific war or campaign. The Court of Chivalry assisted the crown by preparing these articles and enforcing them. Therefore, military law could and would change depending on the campaign or war. Although harsh, the articles were clear in their expectations for military personnel.

Meanwhile, courts of equity and courts of common law developed and were given authority to govern civilians. Common law did not have rules specific to military forces and common law courts could not apply military rules. However, prior to the Petition of Right, and especially during the reign of the Tudors and Stuarts, the Crown would apply articles of war (which defined the military law) against civilians in Britain in trials administered by courts-martial (an exercise of martial law). The capricious use of harsh military law by the crown against civilians included the imposition of the death penalty. The practice of enforcing military law against civilians and the usurpation of common-law courts' authority by courts-martial caused an outcry. The lack of a distinction between military law and martial law caused English legal minds to attack the exercise of military law during peacetime. William Blackstone complained,

"For martial law, which is built upon no settled principles, but is entirely arbitrary in its decisions, is, as Sir Matthew Hale observes, in truth and reality no law, but something indulged rather than allowed as a law. The necessity of order and discipline in an army is the only thing which can give it countenance; and therefore it ought not to be permitted in time of peace, when the king’s courts are open for all persons to receive justice according to the laws of the land."

This abuse of the crown's prerogative (the crown's right to make and enforce rules for the military) caused Parliament to pass the Petition of Right in 1628. This act stated that neither civilians nor soldiers and officers who were in England during peace were subject to military courts or law. Only common-law courts and courts of equity could exercise authority over individuals in peacetime England. Because the articles of war did not fall under these courts' jurisdiction, military law couldn't be applied to anyone in England, whether soldier or civilian.

Passage of the first Mutiny Act
King William III replaced King James II in 1688 during the Glorious Revolution.

The Royal Scots was the only unit in which the majority of personnel remained loyal to James II, whom they held to still be the true monarch. The regiment's Commanding Officer, Colonel George Douglas, 1st Earl of Dumbarton, followed James II into exile and one of William's subordinates, Frederick Schomberg, was appointed Colonel. While awaiting transport from Ipswich to Flanders, the regiment mutinied on 15 March 1689 and marched home (the Kingdom of Scotland still being strictly an independent country), refusing to obey orders from William III to fight in Holland. The mutinous troops were located in England during peacetime so only common law and courts of equity had authority over them. However, these courts' power did not include the ability to enforce penalties against mutiny (which was a military law crime and not a common law crime). Therefore, no legal action could be taken to stop or punish the troops.

Parliament responded by passing the Mutiny Act 1688 (1 Will. & Mar. c. 5). This act made desertion, mutiny, and sedition of officers and soldiers crimes triable by court-martial in peacetime England and made such crimes punishable by death. The passage of this act initiated the codification of military law in Great Britain.

Payment for quartering the troops was first included in the Mutiny Act 1692 (4 Will. & Mar. c. 13).

Renewal of the Mutiny Acts
Because the Bill of Rights, while prohibiting the existence of a standing army during peacetime without the consent of Parliament, did not prohibit the same in time of war, the Mutiny Act was expressly limited to one year's duration, so that, in either case, war or peace, military discipline could not be enforced, thereby making a standing army impossible for the Crown to maintain. As a result, Parliament annually passed a new Mutiny Act. The Articles of War, published by the Crown, continued to govern military forces outside colonies overseas while the Mutiny Acts imposed military law on military forces in peacetime England. Many other changes occurred during this transition from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, which were "products of the exigencies and opportunities of the quarter century of warfare on the grand scale that commenced with the accession of William and Mary, when England, and then Britain, was able 'to set out such Fleets and Armies as were never heard of among our Ancestors.'"

A new Mutiny Act was passed each year until 1879. The Mutiny Act was modified early on to allow courts-martial for other military crimes besides mutiny, sedition, and desertion. Modifications to the Mutiny Act allowed courts-martial trial of soldiers for acts prohibited by the Crown’s articles of war, as long as the articles conformed to the Mutiny Act 1718. Civilians who were closely associated to the military, such as victuallers, could also be tried by courts-martial.

In 1807 all serving black soldiers recruited as slaves in the West India Regiments of the British Army were freed under that year's Mutiny Act.

The Quartering Acts
The Mutiny Acts 1765 and 1774 are better known as Quartering Acts because of the changes which added quartering requirements for British troops in the American Colonies, beyond what the Army had provided.

England

 * The Mutiny Act 1703 (2 & 3 Ann. c. 20)

Great Britain

 * The Mutiny Act 1720 (7 Geo. 1. St. 1. c. 6)

 * The Mutiny Act 1727 (1 Geo. 2. St. 2. c. 2)

 * The Mutiny Act 1731 (5 Geo. 2. c. 2)

 * The Mutiny Act 1744 (18 Geo. 2. c. 7)

 * The Mutiny Act 1753 (26 Geo. 2. c. 5)

 * The Mutiny Act 1755 (28 Geo. 2. c. 4)

 * The Mutiny Act 1756 (29 Geo. 2. c. 3)

 * The Mutiny Act 1759 (33 Geo. 2. c. 6)

 * The Mutiny Act 1760 (1 Geo. 3. c. 6)

 * The Mutiny Act 1761 (2 Geo. 3. c. 11)

 * The Mutiny Act 1762 (3 Geo. 3. c. 7)

 * The Mutiny Act 1763 (4 Geo. 3. c. 3)

 * The Mutiny Act 1778 (18 Geo. 3. c. 4)

 * The Mutiny Act 1786 (26 Geo. 3. c. 10)

 * The Mutiny Act 1793 (33 Geo. 3. c. 9)

 * The Mutiny Act 1800 (39 & 40 Geo. 3. c. 27)

1800s

 * The Mutiny Act 1801 (41 Geo. 3. (U.K.) c. 11)

 * The Mutiny Act 1802 (42 Geo. 3. c. 25)

 * The Mutiny (No. 2) Act 1802 (42 Geo. 3. c. 50)

 * The Mutiny (No. 3) Act 1802 (42 Geo. 3. c. 88)

 * The Mutiny Act 1803 (43 Geo. 3. c. 20)

 * The Mutiny Act 1804 (44 Geo. 3. c. 19)

 * The Mutiny Act 1805 (45 Geo. 3. c. 16)

 * The Mutiny Act 1806 (46 Geo. 3. c. 15)

 * The Mutiny (No. 2) Act 1806 (46 Geo. 3. c. 48)

 * The Mutiny (No. 3) Act 1806 (46 Geo. 3. c. 66)

 * The Mutiny Act 1807 (47 Geo. 3 Sess. 1. c. 32)

 * The Mutiny Act 1808 (48 Geo. 3. c. 15)

 * The Mutiny Act 1809 (49 Geo. 3. c. 12)

1810s

 * The Mutiny Act 1810 (50 Geo. 3. c. 7)

 * The Mutiny Act 1811 (51 Geo. 3. c. 8)

 * The Mutiny Act 1812 (52 Geo. 3. c. 22)

 * The Mutiny Act 1815 (55 Geo. 3. c. 108)

 * The Mutiny Act 1816 (56 Geo. 3. c. 10)

 * The Mutiny Act 1817 (57 Geo. 3. c. 35)

 * The Mutiny Act 1819 (59 Geo. 3. c. 9)

1820s

 * The Mutiny Act 1822 (3 Geo. 4. c. 13)

 * The Mutiny Act 1829 (10 Geo. 4. c. 6)

1830s

 * The Mutiny Act 1830 (1 Will. 4. c. 15)

 * The Mutiny Act 1832 (2 & 3 Will. 4. c. 28)

 * The Mutiny Act 1839 (2 & 3 Vict. c. 5)

1840s

 * The Mutiny Act 1841 (4 & 5 Vict. c. 2)

 * The Mutiny Act 1842 (5 & 6 Vict. c. 12)

 * The Mutiny Act 1843 (6 & 7 Vict. c. 3)

 * The Mutiny Act 1846 (9 & 10 Vict. c. 11)

 * The Mutiny Act 1847 (10 & 11 Vict. c. 12)

 * The Mutiny Act 1848 (11 & 12 Vict. c. 11)

 * The Mutiny Act 1849 (12 & 13 Vict. c. 10)

1850s

 * The Mutiny Act 1850 (13 & 14 Vict. c. 5)

 * The Mutiny Act 1851 (14 & 15 Vict. c. 6)

 * The Mutiny Act 1852 (15 & 16 Vict. c. 7)

 * The Mutiny Act 1853 (16 & 17 Vict. c. 9)

 * The Mutiny Act 1854 (17 & 18 Vict. c. 4)

 * The Mutiny Act 1855 (18 & 19 Vict. c. 11)

 * The Mutiny Act 1856 (19 & 20 Vict. c. 10)

 * The Mutiny Act 1857 (20 Vict. c. 13)

 * The Mutiny Act 1858 (21 & 22 Vict. c. 9)

 * The Mutiny Act 1859 (22 Vict. c. 4)

1860s

 * The Mutiny Act 1860 (23 & 24 Vict. c. 9)

 * The Mutiny Act 1861 (24 & 25 Vict. c. 7)

 * The Mutiny Act 1862 (25 & 26 Vict. c. 5)

 * The Mutiny Act 1863 (26 & 27 Vict. c. 8)

 * The Mutiny Act 1864 (27 & 28 Vict. c. 3)

 * The Mutiny Act 1865 (28 & 29 Vict. c. 11)

 * The Mutiny Act 1866   (29 & 30 Vict. c. 9)

 * The Mutiny Act 1867 (30 & 31 Vict. c. 13)

 * The Mutiny Act 1868 (31 & 32 Vict. c. 14)

 * The Mutiny Act 1869 (32 & 33 Vict. c. 4)

1870s

 * The Mutiny Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 7)

 * The Mutiny Act 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. 9)

 * The Mutiny Act 1872 (35 & 36 Vict. c. 3)

 * The Mutiny Act 1873 (36 & 37 Vict. c. 10)

 * The Mutiny Act 1874 (37 & 38 Vict. c. 4)

 * The Mutiny Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 7)

 * The Mutiny Act 1876 (39 & 40 Vict. c. 8)

 * The Mutiny Act 1877 (40 & 41 Vict. c. 7)

 * The Mutiny Act 1878 (41 & 42 Vict. c. 10)

 * The Mutiny Act (Temporary) Continuance Act 1879 (42 & 43 Vict. c. 4)

Marine Mutiny Acts
The Marine Mutiny Acts included the following acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom:

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1778 (18 Geo. 3. c. 5)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1801 (41 Geo. 3. (U.K.) c. 18)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1802 (42 Geo. 3. c. 26)

 * The Marine Mutiny (No. 2) Act 1802 (42 Geo. 3. c. 51)

 * The Marine Mutiny (No. 3) Act 1802 (42 Geo. 3. c. 115)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1803 (43 Geo. 3. c. 27)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1804 (43 Geo. 3. c. 20)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1840 (3 & 4 Vict. c. 8)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1860 (23 & 24 Vict. c. 10)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1861 (24 & 25 Vict. c. 8)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act (1862) (25 & 26 Vict. c. 6)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act (1863) (26 & 27 Vict. c. 9)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1864 (27 & 28 Vict. c. 4)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1865 (28 & 29 Vict. c. 12)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1866 (29 & 30 Vict. c. 10)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1867 (30 & 31 Vict. c. 14)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1868 (31 & 32 Vict. c. 15)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1869 (32 & 33 Vict. c. 5)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 8)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. 10)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1872 (35 & 36 Vict. c. 4)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1873 (36 & 37 Vict. c. 11)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1874 (37 & 38 Vict. c. 5)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act (1875) (38 & 39 Vict. c. 8). Also called the Royal Marines on Shore Act.

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1876 (39 & 40 Vict. c .9)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1877 (40 & 41 Vict. c. 8)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act 1878 (41 & 42 Vict. c. 11)

 * The Marine Mutiny Act (Temporary) Continuance Act 1879 (42 & 43 Vict. c. 5)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mutiny Acts


text:
User:Kgf0/AfD

Stealing an idea from Tim Marskell, it seems instructive to keep track of my nominations for deletion, both for myself and others.

Nominations

 * No Consensus Articles for deletion/Goth slang 4 October 2005
 * Redirect to Goth subculture 20 April 2009
 * Deleted Articles for deletion/Singapore gay terminology 10 October 2005
 * Redirect to LGBT culture in Singapore 26 June 2010
 * Deleted Articles for deletion/Do I Harass Us? 10 October 2005
 * Keep Articles for deletion/List of sexual slang 18 October 2005
 * No Consensus Articles for deletion/Jerry E. Smith 3 November 2005
 * Deleted Articles for deletion/Jerry_E._Smith_(2nd_nomination) 17 January 2018 (not my nom)
 * Deleted Articles for deletion/FTW (wtf) 8 November 2005
 * Deleted Articles for deletion/Gutterslang 18 November 2005
 * Deleted Articles for deletion/Sacklicker 18 November 2005
 * Redirect Articles for deletion/Nang Jang 16 August 2012

Speedy

 * Deleted Neo-Shail (G1 A1) 10 October 2005
 * Deleted Jenny Nunis (A7) 10 October 2005
 * Deleted Delilah: Burlesque Artist (copyvio) 9 November 2005
 * Deleted Tom Veenstra (A7) 9 November 2005
 * Expanded Anita Mehta (A7) 2 April 2015

title: User:Kgf0/AfD


text:
Category:British underground comics

Independently-published comics - or comix - from the UK, which hold an underground or fringe cult status.

title: Category:British underground comics


text:
John Miller (North Dakota politician)

John Miller (October 29, 1843 –October 26, 1908) was a bonanza farmer, business man and American Republican politician in North Dakota. He served as the first Governor of North Dakota from 1889 to 1891, after it was admitted as a state to the union.

Born in the Finger Lakes region of New York state, Miller had moved to the Dakota Territory in 1878. With a partner he bought thousands of acres of land for what was called bonanza farming: large-scale farming of wheat as a commodity crop on an industrial scale. The Northern Pacific Railroad connected such farms to the populous eastern markets. He became a wealthy partner or owner of three major agricultural companies; the last also provided milling and other services.

Biography
Miller was born in Dryden, New York, in 1843 in the Finger Lakes region. He became a farmer there. In the late 19th century, the government sold off large amounts of land at inexpensive prices in the Dakota Territory after extinguishing Native American claims, and Miller joined the thousands of people moving there. So many came from the Northern Tier of states that they established a political and social culture similar to that in New York, the Upper Midwest and New England.

In 1878, he moved to the Dakota Territory with Jeremy W. Dwight and purchased 17,000 acres (69 km²) of land in the fertile Red River Valley land of Richland County. As "bonanza farmers," the two men established the Dwight Farm and Land Company, selling some land as speculators. They became quite wealthy from cultivation of wheat as a commodity crop.

Miller married Addie S. Tucker on February 22, 1882. They had two daughters.

Career
In 1888 Miller was elected to the Dakota Territory Council, the territorial legislature. In 1889 Miller participated in the constitutional convention that resulted in North Dakota statehood. In 1889 he was the Republican nominee for Governor of North Dakota. He had no aspirations to the office, but North Dakota Republicans were convinced that he was the only candidate who could unite the party – Miller had developed a reputation for honesty by resisting lobbyists and others who attempted to obtain favorable action from the Council through bribery and other corrupt means. Persuaded that if he did not run the Republicans would lose, Miller agreed to become a candidate.

He won by popular vote in the General Election in 1889. In 1890, the state had a total white population of 190,983, having increased from 2,405 in the territory in 1870.

During Miller's two-year tenure, the state government was formed. After serving his term, Miller declined to run again for re-election or other political office.

He returned to his bonanza farm business, raising wheat and grain on an industrial scale. He organized the John Miller Land Company in 1896.

In 1906 Miller became president of the newly incorporated Chaffee-Miller Milling Company. His partner Herbert F. Chaffee and he arranged for milling flour, and supplied feed and other agricultural services. The company had offices in North Dakota and Duluth, Minnesota. Miller died in 1908.

Death
Miller died in Duluth, Minnesota in 1908. His family accompanied his body as it was returned to his birthplace of Dryden, New York. He was buried in Green Hills Cemetery. In 1910 a granite mausoleum was erected at his gravesite, and his remains were reinterred in it. Miller's wife and two daughters were also later buried here. In 2014 the mausoleum was restored and a plaque was added with Miller's name and title; a United States flag was installed nearby.

title: John Miller (North Dakota politician)


text:
Hope Springs (2003 film)

Hope Springs is a 2003 romantic comedy film written and directed by Mark Herman, based on the novel New Cardiff by Charles Webb. The film stars Colin Firth as Colin, an English painter who travels to the town of Hope, Vermont, in the United States after a traumatic experience. There, he meets Mandy (Heather Graham), a nursing home worker who helps him get over the break-up between him and Vera (Minnie Driver).

Plot
English artist Colin is dumped by his childhood love and fiancée Vera, so he travels to a place with the most positive name he can find. He arrives in Hope, a quiet town in Vermont in autumn, and showing clear signs of emotional distress, checks into an inn.

Colin tries to forget his troubles by sketching the eccentric town residents. When he asks for "rubbers" instead of erasers at a store, it causes the small-town locals to go on alert. The casual request embodies cultural differences with Americans and Brits and causes some misunderstandings between them.

When Joanie, the quirky and outlandish hotel manager, sees his state she calls over her friend Mandy, a nursing home attendant, to talk with him and take his mind off his troubles. Everyone in town all know each other and have boring predictable lives, but by bringing Colin and Mandy together, Joanie and the other Hope residents add some romance and drama to their own lives.

Seemingly opposites, Colin is a reserved English artist and Mandy is a free spirited Vermonter obsessed with butterflies. Eventually they fall in love, with Colin healing and building a new life while finally getting over his break-up.

Suddenly though, the overbearing Vera shows up to get Colin back. Extremely self-confident and oblivious to anyone else's ideas or feelings, she denies that Colin is no longer interested and relentlessly pursues him, while finding out about him and Mandy.

Vera exploits Mandy's insecurities about her new relationship with Colin, while manipulating his memories of their connection. The former couple's twenty years together adds to Vera's leverage, but Colin tells her that, "In one minute...short span of time...you not only became unimportant as an aim in life, but also the very thing I need to flee from in order to find happiness".

Later Colin goes to Vera's hotel room, demanding she leave them alone and return to England. However, she strips down to sexy underwear and her smoking sets off the fire alarm. Mandy sees them together in front of the inn during the fire evacuation and assumes Colin took her back. He tries to clear up the misunderstanding but she only wants him to promise to never contact her again. Colin agrees on the condition that she get a passport.

Colin trades a flattering, oil portrait of Hope's mayor in exchange for a favor. Supposedly he discovered Vera's genealogy is linked to the town. Colin reveals that it was faked to distract her, so she'd fixate on becoming the Queen of Hope at the town festival. Vera is finally convinced that their romance is over and tries to enjoy the consolation prize.

After Colin leaves Hope, Joanie tells Mandy that his cousin was supposed to meet him, but Colin forgot to cancel so she should pick him up at Hope Springs. When Mandy gets there, Colin proposes with a vintage butterfly engagement ring engraved with their names.

Colin carries Mandy back to the inn across town, waving to everyone as they pass. Although she warns him of hurting his back, he insists, inevitably seizing up. Happily reunited, they look forward to traveling back to England together, with Colin finding happiness when he least expected it.

Cast

 * Colin Firth as Colin Ware
 * Heather Graham as Mandy
 * Minnie Driver as Vera Edwards
 * Mary Steenburgen as Joanie Fisher
 * Frank Collison as Mr. Fisher
 * Oliver Platt as Doug Reed

Reception
At the box office in the United Kingdom, the film grossed just over £1 million. The BBC review noted that it is a "date movie that's well worth making a date with".

title: Hope Springs (2003 film)


text:
Earthdog trial

An earthdog test or earthdog trial tests the working ability and instinct of the small, often short-legged terriers or Dachshunds. These dogs were bred to hunt vermin and other quarry which lived in underground dens. Earthdog den tests involve human-made tunnels that the dogs must navigate, while scenting a rat, "the quarry". The dog must follow the scent to the quarry and then "work" the quarry. Depending on the sanctioning organization, "working" means barking, scratching, staring, pawing, digging; any active behavior. The quarry is protected at all times by wooden bars across the end of the tunnel. The hunting encounter is controlled, and neither the dog nor the quarry (usually two rats) are endangered by the activity.

In Canada, earthdog tests are sanctioned by the Canadian Kennel Club (CKC). In the United States, two major organizations sanction earthdog tests: the American Kennel Club (AKC) and the American Working Terrier Association (AWTA). In the European Union, earthdog trials have been illegal since May 1992 under the stipulations of the European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals, which legally classifies the activity as a form of dog fighting.

AKC earthdog tests
AKC earthdog tests are intended as noncompetitive venues in which the handlers may gauge their dog's natural hunting aptitude when presented with an underground hunting situation. According to the AKC General Regulations for Earthdog Tests, the noncompetitive program begins with a basic introduction to den work and quarry, progressing through gradual steps to the point where the dog can demonstrate that it is willing to perform the required tasks, including seeking its quarry and working it underground.

Eligibility
Dogs that are registered with the AKC and are six months of age or older may participate in AKC Earthdog tests. They do not need to be intact, and purebred dogs that have been assigned "Indefinite Listing Privilege" (ILP) numbers, may also participate. In comparison to the American Working Terrier Association (AWTA) tests, fewer breeds are permitted in AKC tests, with mixed breeds being excluded altogether. The following breeds are classified as eligible to participate in AKC Earthdog tests:
 * American Hairless Terrier
 * Australian Terrier
 * Bedlington Terrier
 * Border Terrier
 * Cairn Terrier
 * Cesky Terrier
 * Dachshund
 * Dandie Dinmont Terrier
 * Glen of Imaal Terrier
 * Jagdterrier
 * Lakeland Terrier
 * Manchester Terrier
 * Miniature Bull Terrier
 * Miniature Pinscher
 * Miniature Schnauzer
 * Norfolk Terrier
 * Norwich Terrier
 * Parson Russell Terrier
 * Rat Terrier
 * Russell Terrier
 * Scottish Terrier
 * Sealyham Terrier
 * Silky Terrier
 * Skye Terrier
 * Smooth Fox Terrier
 * Welsh Terrier
 * West Highland White Terrier
 * Wire Fox Terrier
 * Yorkshire Terrier

Program
AKC earthdog tests differ from AWTA trials in that the AKC program is broken down into several more levels of increasing difficulty:

 * Introduction To Quarry (IQ I and IQ II) : Dogs that have never competed at an earthdog test will need to be introduced to the quarry. Dogs have different levels of prey drive and some need more encouragement than others. The Introduction to Quarry is simply designed to acquaint a dog with "going to ground", following a scent trail and "working a rat". At this stage, the dog is asked to negotiate a 10 ft tunnel with a single right-angle turn. At the end of the tunnel is a rat in a cage, which is placed behind dowel bars. The handler may talk to their dog and encourage the dog to "work" the rat. The judge may also attempt to interest the dog by shaking the quarry cage, by tapping or scratching the cage or the tunnel itself, or by making other noises.

 * Junior Earthdog (JE) : Junior Earthdog (JE) is the first level of competition in which a title may be earned. A Junior Earthdog tunnel 30 ft long and has three right-angle turns, is set into the earth and is completely dark. The entrance is well-scented with rat smells. The dog is released 10 feet from the tunnel entrance, after which it has 45 seconds to enter the tunnel and traverse the tunnel to reach the quarry.  The dog must then begin to work the quarry within 30 seconds of reaching it, and most continue to work without interruption for 60 seconds.  After that time has elapsed, the dog must then allow the handler to remove it from the tunnel via a hatch at the quarry end.  The handler is permitted to give the dog one command when releasing the dog or before it enters the tunnel, but otherwise must remain quiet at the release point until the time of retrieval. To earn a JE title, the dog must successfully pass the JE test twice under two different judges.

 * Senior Earthdog (SE) : To pass a Senior Earthdog (SE) test, a dog must accomplish the following: Follow a 20 ft scent line to a tunnel entrance that the dog cannot see from ground level; track through a completely dark 30 ft tunnel containing three 90 degree turns to the rats; not be distracted by a false entrance/exit arrangement; not be distracted by a dead end tunnel that is scented with rat bedding; once at the rats, work the rats for 90 seconds (working is defined as barking, digging, scratching, biting the bars); after working the rats, and after the rats are removed from the tunnel, leave the tunnel when called by the handler and return to the handler within 90 seconds. To earn an SE title, a dog must receive three qualifying scores from two different judges after previously earning their JE title.

 * Master Earthdog (ME) : Master Earthdog is the most difficult test in the AKC Earthdog program. For each test, two dogs are drawn at random. The dogs hunt together as a brace on open land starting from a distance of 100 to 300 yd from the tunnel entrance. Along the way they encounter a "false den" scented to seem used by quarry but with no quarry inside, which they must investigate at their handler's command without indicating a quarry present.  The hunting party proceeds in the direction of the tunnel, but the handlers must stop short of the tunnel and may not show the dogs where the tunnel is.  Each dog must search for quarry in that area until they discover the tunnel entrance and actively indicate where it is and that quarry is present. After both dogs have indicated the presence of quarry, one of the dogs is sent into the tunnel while the other brace dog is tethered to a ground stake about 10 ft away from the tunnel entrance.
 * A Master Earthdog tunnel is 30 ft to 40 ft long with three right-angle turns. The dog will encounter a false den and false exit similar to a Senior Earthdog tunnel, and also must pass through a constriction and a roller that simulate roots and other obstacles in a natural tunnel.  The dog in the tunnel must reach the quarry within 90 seconds.  Once at the quarry, the dog must begin to work the rats within 15 seconds and must work them continuously for 90 seconds.  They must not be distracted from working by the judge scraping or digging alongside the tunnel. The scraping is meant to approximate the hunter digging down to the spot where the dog is holding the quarry at bay. The handler has 15 seconds to remove the dog from the tunnel after their 90 seconds of work is complete. After the first dog has completed the tunnel portion of the test, the dogs trade roles. Each dog is judged on how well they "honor" a hunt by the other dog while tied to the stake:  The honoring dog must show interest but must not make enough noise to interfere with the judge listening to hear the dog working in the tunnel. Four passes under three different judges is required for a Master Earthdog title.

 * Endurance Earthdog (EE) : An Endurance Earthdog test is intended to demonstrate the consistency of a hunting earthdog. A dog earns a pass performance in Endurance Earthdog by completing both the SE test and ME test during the same earthdog trial event.  A dog who passes both tests during five different earthdog events is awarded an Endurance Earthdog title.  An Endurance Earthdog may continue to compete to earn as many Endurance titles as they can, with each subsequent title suffixed with a numeric designation.

AWTA earthdog den trials
The AWTA predates the AKC earthdog program and was founded to promote and test the working abilities of terriers and dachshunds.

AWTA hopes to encourage breeders to retain the hunting instincts which make these breeds so characteristically ‘terrier.’ Without the opportunity to test the instincts so vital to these breeds, dachshunds and terriers would cease to be the working dogs they were meant to be — something already too common with many terrier breeds selected for showing alone.

The AWTA awards Certificates of Gameness to terriers and Dachshunds who achieve a score of 100% in the AWTA open class. To qualify in the open class, a dog must be released near the trial's 30 ft earth tunnel opening, find its way into the tunnel and reach the quarry, all within 30 seconds (50% of score) and then "work" the rat continuously for a full 60 seconds (remaining 50% of score). Timing starts from the moment the dog is released by the handler. The dog may enter the tunnel and come out or walk around the tunnel, but it must get to the rat within the time allotted. However, once it reaches the rat, it must remain with it for the aforementioned 60 seconds.

The following breeds are recognized (and therefore able to compete) in AWTA den trials:
 * Australian Terrier
 * Bedlington Terrier
 * Border Terrier
 * Cairn Terrier
 * Cesky Terrier
 * Dachshund
 * Dandie Dinmont Terrier
 * Fell Terrier
 * Wire Fox Terrier
 * Smooth Fox Terrier
 * Glen of Imaal Terrier
 * Jack Russell Terrier
 * Jagdterrier
 * Lakeland Terrier
 * Norwich Terrier
 * Norfolk Terrier
 * Patterdale Terrier
 * Scottish Terrier
 * Sealyham Terrier
 * Skye Terrier
 * Welsh Terrier
 * West Highland White Terrier

Other small terrier breeds may compete in the miscellaneous class.

title: Earthdog trial


text:
Patrick Murphy (Pennsylvania politician)

Patrick Joseph Murphy (born October 19, 1973) is an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd United States Under Secretary of the Army. He was the first veteran of the Iraq War to be elected to the United States House of Representatives, representing PA's 8th congressional district from 2007 to 2011. Murphy is a former anchor of Taking the Hill on MSNBC. Murphy is currently on the faculty of Wharton Business School and the Distinguished Chair of Innovation at the United States Military Academy.

Murphy was confirmed by voice vote as Under Secretary of the Army by the U.S. Senate on December 18, 2015, after having been nominated for the position by the President on August 5, 2015. Murphy was sworn into the post on January 4, 2016.

Murphy was considered by the leadership of the Presidential transition of Joe Biden to serve as the United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs, after having been considered for the same post by President Obama in 2014. Denis McDonough, former White House Chief of Staff was chosen instead.

Early life and education
Murphy was born in Philadelphia and raised in that city's Northeast area, the son of a city police officer and a legal secretary. As a high school student, Murphy worked weekends as a security guard in the rowdy "700 Level" of Veterans Stadium during Philadelphia Eagles and Temple University football games.

Murphy graduated from Archbishop Ryan High School in Northeast Philadelphia. He attended Bucks County Community College before enrolling at King's College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, where he was captain of the ice hockey team, Student Government President and a member of the Sigma Kappa Sigma fraternity. Murphy was a cadet in the U.S. Army ROTC at the neighboring University of Scranton, graduating from Scranton's Royal Warriors Battalion in 1996.

After earning a Bachelor of Arts degree from King's College in 1996, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Army Reserve. In lieu of going directly into the active duty Army with a Reserve commission, he remained in the inactive Army Reserve while attending law school and working part-time as a legislative aide to a member of the Pennsylvania state legislature.

Murphy attended law school at the Widener University Commonwealth Law School in Harrisburg, earning a J.D. in 1999. He became a member of the Trial Advocacy Honor Society and president of the St. Thomas More Society at Widener.

Career
During law school, he worked in the office of the Philadelphia District Attorney, and later as a leader in the Harrisburg Civil Law Clinic, a legal aid society serving the poor, while concurrently serving as a drilling JAG officer in the Army Reserve. He also served as the legislative aide to Thomas Tangretti, a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from Westmoreland County. He taught American politics and government at Mount Saint Mary's University. After returning from active duty, Murphy joined Cozen O'Connor, a large U.S. law firm based in Philadelphia.

In 2010, Murphy joined the National Leadership Society Omicron Delta Kappa, along with Peyton Manning and Joe Paterno.

Military service
Murphy attended The JAG School and entered U.S. Army JAG Corps. In 2000, Murphy went on active duty in the Army, serving as a judge advocate and then joining the military faculty at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, where he taught constitutional law. He has also lectured at the U.S. Air Force Academy, the International Institute for Humanitarian Rights in Sanremo, Italy, and at Widener University. After the attacks of September 11, 2001, Murphy volunteered for overseas deployment, serving in Bosnia (2002) and in Baghdad during the Iraq War (2003–04).

While in Baghdad as a JAG Corps attorney with the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division, Murphy worked to reconstruct the justice system and helped prosecute Sheik Mohammed Ali Hassan al-Moayad, a lieutenant of Muqtada al-Sadr. Prior to being assigned to the 82nd, Murphy qualified as a Basic Parachutist and graduated the Air Assault course. He was awarded the Bronze Star Medal for meritorious service in Iraq. Following his service in Iraq, he returned to Fort Bragg and continued his service as a JAG officer before being released from active duty in 2004.

Awards and decorations
Murphy's personal decorations include:

 * Bronze OL Cluster.png Bronze Star Medal
 * MSM 4.png Meritorious Service Medal
 * ACR 3OLC.png Army Commendation Medal
 * Army Achievement Medal
 * Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal ribbon.svg Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
 * NDSM Ribbon.svg National Defense Service Medal
 * Iraq Campaign Medal ribbon.svg Iraq Campaign Medal
 * Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal ribbon.png Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal
 * Global War on Terrorism Service Medal ribbon.svg Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
 * ArmyServiceRibbon.png Army Service Ribbon
 * Presidential Unit Citation ribbon.svg Presidential Unit Citation

2006 election
In 2005, Murphy decided to challenge Republican incumbent Representative Mike Fitzpatrick in Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district as a Fighting Dem, building his campaign around "Murphy Plans" for Iraq, ethics reform, online protection, and a GI Bill of Rights.

On May 16, 2006, he won the Democratic primary with about 65% of the vote, against Andrew Warren, a former county commissioner and ex-Republican who badly trailed Murphy in campaign funds.

Polls taken in October 2006 generally showed a tight race between Murphy and Fitzpatrick. On election day, Murphy's campaign, led by campaign manager Scott Fairchild and GOTV Director Brent Welder, engaged in a massive get-out-the-vote effort with over 2000 volunteers knocking on 160,000 doors.

The resulting high turnout in Democratic lower Bucks County and Philadelphia, combined with surprisingly strong returns for Murphy in Republican upper Bucks County, was enough to push Murphy over Fitzpatrick 125,656 to 124,138. Murphy narrowly lost the Bucks County portion of the district (116,669 to 115,645), but decisively won the Philadelphia County portion (6,024 to 5,048) and the Montgomery County portion (3,987 to 2,421). Overall, he received 50.3% of the vote. Murphy was helped by a large national Democratic "wave" that swept 31 new Democrats into Congress, enabling the Democrats to win control of the U.S. House for the first time since 1994.

Murphy was only the third Democrat elected to represent Bucks County in American history. He was the first since Peter Kostmayer lost re-election in 1992.

2008 election
Murphy faced Republican Tom Manion, a retired Marine Corps Reserve Colonel and executive at Johnson & Johnson, as well as independent Tom Lingenfelter. Significant national attention was drawn to the race because of both candidates' connections to the Iraq War. Murphy was a strong critic of Bush's war strategy, while Manion, whose son (1st Lt Travis Manion, USMC) was killed in Iraq in April 2007, supported the Iraq War Surge.

Congressman Murphy won election to a second term with 57 percent of the vote. He won re-election to a second term by increasing his margin in Democratic Lower Bucks County while at the same time winning many rural townships in Upper Bucks and keeping his margin down in Central Bucks. During the campaign, Murphy received support from many nationally known figures including George Clooney, Scarlett Johansson, and Ben Affleck.

2010 election
Murphy was defeated by Republican nominee and former U.S. Congressman Mike Fitzpatrick, whom Murphy had defeated in 2006. Murphy lost to Fitzpatrick by 7 points.

2012 Pennsylvania Attorney General race
On April 20, 2011, Murphy announced his candidacy for Attorney General of Pennsylvania. His announcement was accompanied by over thirty endorsements from prominent elected officials and organizations across the state.

On January 14, 2012 the Pennsylvania Democratic State Committee met in State College to determine its statewide endorsements for the 2012 primary season. No candidate got the two-thirds majority necessary to be endorsed by the state party, but Murphy led on both ballots, winning 161 votes (50.6 percent) on the first ballot and 191 votes (60.4 percent) on the second ballot. The political website PoliticsPA reported that "Murphy's strong performance can be credited to years of ground work and party building; many members spoke of times that he had visited their counties and supported their local party." Murphy was nominated by Montgomery County chairman Marcel Groen.

On April 24, 2012, Murphy was defeated 53-47 by Kathleen Kane in the primary election for Pennsylvania Attorney General. He did well in the Philadelphia area and the City of Pittsburgh but lost much of the rest of the Central and Southwestern parts of the state.

U.S. House of Representatives
During his time in Congress, Murphy served on the House Armed Services Committee and was on the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence; he later became a member of the Appropriations Committee. Murphy was a member of the Blue Dog Coalition, a group of moderate to conservative Democratic representatives. In 2008, he was not only one of the first members of Congress to support then Senator Obama; he was the first to actually campaign for him.

Murphy opposed the Iraq War troop surge of 2007. He was a cosponsor, with Senator Barack Obama and Congressman Mike Thompson (D-CA), of the Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007, which aimed to develop a plan to redeploy American troops out of Iraq starting May 1, 2007. The bill was incorporated into the 2008 National Defense Authorization Act, but was vetoed by President George W. Bush.

On February 13, 2008, he was the only member of the House to vote against a resolution congratulating the New York Giants for the team's victory in Super Bowl XLII. "As a former 700-level security guard and lifelong Eagles fan, I couldn't, in good conscience, vote for the New York Giants ... The only thing worse would have been a resolution honoring the Dallas Cowboys", Murphy stated.

In the 2007 congressional vote rankings by the non-partisan National Journal, Murphy scored a 56.5 liberal rating and a 43.5 conservative rating, which is considered "centrist" in the Journal's rankings.

In July 2009, Murphy became the lead advocate for a bill that would repeal the Defense Department's Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy concerning cisgender gay men and cisgender lesbians serving openly in the armed forces.

In 2008 and 2009, Murphy spearheaded an effort to build the Washington Crossing National Cemetery in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, after decades of Congressional inaction. The cemetery officially opened on December 7, 2009.

In April 2010, the IMPROVE act (Improving Medicare Policy for Reimbursements through Oversight and Efficiency) was signed into law. Murphy authored the bi-partisan bill to help eliminate fraud in the health care system and protect taxpayer dollars. The IMPROVE act was endorsed by the AARP, the National District Attorneys Association, the Credit Union National Association, and the American Bankers Association

In May 2010, the Officer Daniel Faulkner Children of Fallen Heroes Scholarship Act of 2010 passed the house. Murphy sponsored the bill which would assist children whose parent or guardian died as a result of performing service as a law enforcement officer, firefighter, or member of a rescue squad or ambulance crew.

Abortion
Murphy supports abortion rights. He garnered a 100% rating from NARAL and "supported the interests of Planned Parenthood 100 percent in 2008."

Consumer protection
Murphy authored the Student Credit Card Transparency Act of 2009 which said students can be taken advantage of by credit card companies. The bill accomplished this goal by requiring universities and credit card companies to disclose contracts for student credit cards. Murphy garnered significant praise for his support of the creation of a Consumer Financial Protection Bureau in the face of significant special interest opposition.

Murphy's office worked with the Secret Service to secure hundreds of thousands of dollars for victims of the Bernie Madoff Ponzi scheme. Murphy received national praise for his efforts on behalf of Madoff's victims.

Don't Ask Don't Tell
Patrick Murphy was a leader in the effort to repeal the military's "Don't ask, don't tell" policy that removed 13,000 service members from the American military for their sexual orientation. Murphy worked tirelessly to convince fellow moderate Democrats to support the issue despite the political risk involved. Murphy was quoted in The Advocate as saying: “I’m a nice guy, but I’m not in this to make friends. I’m in this to make public policy to make our military stronger and keep our families safe at home. We have paratroopers going down in Baghdad who do not have Arabic translators to back them up because Congress 16 years ago didn’t have the guts to do what’s right. He introduced a bill in the House to repeal Don't Ask, Don't Tell on December 14, 2010.

The bill was approved in a strong bipartisan vote of 250-175 in the House, with the support of 15 House Republicans, including Murphy's home-state colleagues Todd Platts and Charlie Dent.

Economy
Murphy voted for American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.

Fiscal responsibility
In July 2010, the Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Act was signed into law by President Obama. Congressman Murphy introduced the original bill in 2007, and partnered with Democrats and Republicans alike to get the bill passed. The bill enacted stricter standards among federal agencies to identify improper payments and recover taxpayer dollars that were misspent. By holding government agencies accountable, the law helped eliminate a significant portion of the $98 billion in wasteful government spending each year. The IPERA has cut Medicare errors in half, and has led to the recovery of over $2 billion in overpayments to contractors per year. In total, Murphy's bill has saved taxpayers over $17 billion so far. The OMB projects that the IPERA will save $50 billion over five years.

Gun rights
Murphy has a permit to carry concealed firearms and considers the right to bear arms is guaranteed by the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution, but with regulation. In 2007, he co-sponsored legislation that would re-authorize a Federal ban on assault weapons.

The following year he signed onto H.R. 861, a bill to establish national concealed-carry reciprocity. Also in 2008, Murphy was an original co-sponsor of legislation that would repeal the District of Columbia's ban on semi-automatic weapons and mandatory handgun registration.

Health care
Murphy voted for the Affordable Health Care for America Act on November 7, 2009.

Murphy authored the IMPROVE act (Improving Medicare Policy for Reimbursements through Oversight and Efficiency) to help eliminate fraud in the health care system and protect taxpayer dollars. The bill was signed into law in 2010. He co-authored the bill with a fellow Army JAG and congressman, Tom Rooney.

Law enforcement
Murphy sponsored the Officer Daniel Faulkner Children of Fallen Heroes Scholarship Act of 2010 passed the House. Congressman Patrick Murphy sponsored the bill which would assist children whose parent or guardian died as a result of performing service as a law enforcement officer, firefighter, or member of a rescue squad or ambulance crew.

Murphy voted to keep 150,000 police officers and firefighters on the job after their funding was threatened in 2010. In response to this vote, the President of the Philadelphia-area Fraternal Order of Police said: "It's thanks to Patrick Murphy and this measure that Pennsylvania cops can stay on the job, working to keep families safe"

Department of the Army
Murphy was nominated for the position of Under Secretary of the Army by the President Obama on August 5, 2015. He was confirmed by voice vote on December 18, 2015, and was sworn into the post on January 4, 2016.

Shortly after being sworn in as the Under Secretary of the Army, Murphy assumed the role of Acting Secretary of the Army. Murphy served in the role for five months while Eric Fanning awaited confirmation.

During his tenure as Acting Secretary, Murphy developed a reputation for being a "Soldier's Secretary." He became well-known to soldiers for visiting units across the world, participating in physical training sessions, and for engaging them directly via social media and personally written army-wide emails. Murphy often spent holidays with the troops, including serving Thanksgiving dinner to deployed Soldiers in Kuwait. A former paratrooper, Murphy rapelled off of the Fox 29 Building while being interviewed on live television.

Murphy focused on the Army's recruitment failures the previous five years, which helped the Army hit its recruitment goals of 132,000 Generation Z recruits joining the Army in 2016.

As the 32nd Under Secretary of the Army and Acting Secretary of the Army, he led the Army's 1.3 million employees and managed its $148 billion budget.

On January 29, 2016, Murphy issued a formal directive opening all combat arms positions to females. He also doubled the maternity and paternity leave available to troops to 12 weeks and was instrumental in ending the ban on transgender people serving in the Army.

After Fanning's confirmation, Murphy resumed his service as the Under Secretary of the Army.

To better connect active troops and Veterans, Murphy worked with Under Secretary of Defense Peter Levine to allow 18.8 million honorably discharged Veterans to shop online at the Army and Air Force Exchange Service (AAFES). AAFES’s analysis projects total exchange sales increasing across of wide range of possibility, from a low of $226 million annually to a high of $1.13. billion This would generate $60 million to $108 million annually in added dividends to support MWR and quality of life programs, without any increase in taxpayer support of base stores.

Military Healthcare Executive
Murphy adamantly campaigned to fight the stigma within the military associated with seeking mental health treatment. Murphy's key mental health initiative was the development of multidisciplinary behavioral health teams to be embedded into Soldier work areas. The behavioral health teams streamlined mental health services for Soldiers and allowed mental health care providers to form close relationships with deployable unit leaders.

As Secretary, Murphy oversaw the implementation of the world's largest intranet platform - Army Knowledge Online 2.0.

After leaving the Department of the Army, Murphy continued to advise corporations on ways to more efficiently and effectively deliver healthcare services to Veterans. In 2020, Murphy was named Chair of the Government Advisory Board for the Cerner Corporation, facilitating a partnership with the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs to modernize their electronic healthcare records. Murphy also serves as a strategic advisor to Northwell Health, the largest health provider for Veterans in New York State aside from the VA, as well Penn Medicine and other healthcare entities.

Murphy joined his former Congress colleague, Patrick Joseph Kennedy, as an original board member of Psych Hub, a mental health care company focusing on connecting people with mental healthcare practitioners.

Post-political career
After being defeated for re-election in November 2010, Murphy became a partner at Philadelphia law firm Fox Rothschild in the litigation department and an adjunct professor at the Widener University School of Law. On April 26, 2011, Murphy was awarded the John F. Kennedy Jr. Award from the Brown University Democrats.

In June 2011, President Obama appointed Murphy to the United States Military Academy's Board of Visitors.

On March 20, 2013, Murphy made his first official appearance as an MSNBC contributor on The Rachel Maddow Show. Murphy served as an expert on American politics, international affairs and military issues.

In 2016, Murphy was inducted into the inaugural class of the Army ROTC Hall of Fame, along with Colin Powell, George C. Marshall, and Mark Milley.

Murphy serves on several boards, including the Independence Big Brothers and Big Sisters, the Widener University School of Law National Advisory Board, and he is the Vice-Chair of the Democratic National Committee Platform Committee.

In 2020, the Student Veterans of America honored Murphy with the Eisenhower Distinguished Public Service Award.

Murphy is on the faculty of the Wharton Business School where he lectures on "Vetrepeneurship."

On February 5, 2024, Murphy endorsed Eugene Vindman in the primary election for Virginia's 7th Congressional District.

His boutique venture capital fund has invested tens of millions of dollars in Veteran-owned companies.

Academia
Murphy served as a senior national security fellow at the Center For American Progress until his return to government service as Under Secretary of the Army.

Murphy was a fellow with the Institute of Politics at the University of Chicago in Fall 2014. Murphy has served as an adjunct professor of law at Widener University in Pennsylvania, and as a professor of constitutional law at West Point.

Murphy joined the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania as a Lecturer in 2022.

Media
Murphy served as the host of Taking The Hill on MSNBC from 2013 to 2015.

Murphy earned an international CLIO Award in October 2014 for his partnership with Grammy Award-winning band Imagine Dragons and the Wounded Warrior Project by highlighting positive veterans stories on their road to recovery on his MSNBC show.

Murphy was featured prominently in the HBO documentary The Strange History of Don't Ask, Don't Tell. Murphy was included for his role in leading the effort to repeal the policy. He was also featured in the Discovery Channel documentary Taking The Hill, which told the story of the 50 veterans of the Global War on Terrorism who ran for Congress in 2006.

Ben Affleck has credited Murphy for being a major inspiration for his portrayal of the character Stephen Collins in the 2009 movie State of Play.

Murphy served as a military consultant for Thank You for Your Service (2017) and the upcoming Call of Duty film.

Murphy authored an autobiography entitled Taking the Hill: From Philly to Baghdad to the United States Congress; it was published by Henry Holt and Co. (February 19, 2008); ISBN 978-0-8050-8695-9

Murphy earned an Emmy Award for producing a Docuseries highlighting heroic nurses during COVID entitled "Side by Side: A Celebration of Service."

Personal life
Murphy married Jennifer Safford on June 17, 2006, they divorced in 2019. They have two children named Jack and Maggie.

In 2010, Murphy was given the Fenn Award by the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library's New Frontier Award Committee. The award is presented to a distinguished young elected official in honor of Dan Fenn, the Kennedy Library's first director and a former member of President Kennedy's staff.

On May 12, 2015, Murphy was a survivor of the derailment of an Amtrak train in Philadelphia. He suffered minor injuries, and was credited with assisting first responders in rescuing individuals trapped in his car. Several media outlets referred to his actions as "heroic".


text:
KMXP

KMXP (96.9 FM) is a commercial radio station in Phoenix, Arizona. It is owned and operated by iHeartMedia, Inc., with studios on East Van Buren Street near Sky Harbor International Airport. KMXP carries the syndicated On Air with Ryan Seacrest show in early afternoons.

KMXP has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the maximum for most FM stations. The transmitter is in South Mountain Park amid other FM and TV towers, south of Phoenix. KMXP broadcasts using HD Radio technology. Its HD2 digital subchannel carries iHeart's "Pride Radio," aimed at LGBTQ listeners.

Classical and Easy Listening
The station signed on the air on October 28, 1961. The station's original call sign was KEPI and it was owned by Ward James Atkinson. He sold within months to Golden Sounds, Inc. It had studios in the Adams Hotel and it aired classical music as part of the WQXR Network, based at New York's premiere classical station.

In the 1960s, most radios in homes and cars could receive the FM band. And with a classical format, KEPI found it hard to stay on the air. In January 1964, Golden Sounds asked for authority to go silent for up to six months. Ultimately, in the time needed to sell the station, it was off the air for nine months as a new owner was sought. When 96.9 returned to the air in October 1964, it was KMEO, broadcasting easy listening music and marketed as "Cameo," a moniker it held through several different owners. It played quarter hour sweeps of soft, instrumental music, with an occasional soft vocal. Beginning in 1967, it was simulcast with KMEO 740 AM. During this time, 96.9 used an FM suffix, as KMEO-FM, with its easy listening sounds offered on both AM and FM radio.

Soft AC, Oldies and Classic Hits
KMEO-AM-FM had good ratings. But by the 1980s, the easy listening audience was starting to age, while most advertisers seek young to middle-aged clients. So KMEO began to add more vocals and decrease the instrumentals in an effort to attract a younger audience. By the late 1980s, it had evolved to a soft adult contemporary sound. But several other Phoenix stations were also playing Soft AC, crowding the field.

In 1991, 96.9 FM became oldies-formatted "Sunny 97", switching its call letters to KPSN. That was followed by a whirlwind of format and call sign changes. On November 28, 1994, it became classic hits KCHT (later KHTC). It first was called "96.9 K-Hits FM", then "The New 96.9 Classic Hits". It rebranded to KGLQ ("Eagle 96.9") in September 1997. In April 1997, the station was bought by Nationwide Communications, a subsidiary of the Nationwide Insurance Company. The price tag was $34 million.

Hot AC KMXP
On September 4, 1998, at midnight, after playing "We Will Rock You" and "We Are The Champions" by Queen, KGLQ began stunting with the sound of a ticking clock and messages advising listeners a big change would take place. The messages also poked fun at competing radio stations.

At 3 p.m. that day, 96.9 adopted its current format, hot adult contemporary, as KMXP “Mix 96.9”. The first song on "Mix" was "New Sensation" by INXS.

In May 1999, the station was acquired by San Antonio-based Clear Channel Communications. In 2014, Clear Channel changed its name to the current iHeartMedia, Inc.

2024 format shift to pop-leaning adult album alternative
Sometime in mid to late June 2024, KMXP began shifting its format from hot adult contemporary to a pop-alternative leaning adult album alternative format that is closer to a Hot AC version of the modern AC radio format. The station playlist was altered, with a number of songs that were played before the format change being removed from the playlist a number of songs that were previously played on the station (e.g. SNAP" by Rosa Linn and "Shattered (Turn The Car Around) by O.A.R.") were added back on the station, along with some songs normally played on alternative rock stations and the AAA format.

HD Radio
Mix 96.9's HD Radio signal is multiplexed. The main signal is a simulcast of Mix 96.9's hot adult contemporary programming. The second channel carries iHeartMedia's PRIDE Radio programming for the LGBTQ community featuring a mix of dance and dance-leaning pop music.

title: KMXP


text:
Category:Goossens family

Related publications

 * The Goossens: A Musical Century, Carole Rosen, Andre Deutsch Ltd (July 1, 1994), ISBN 0233988335

title: Category:Goossens family


text:
Talk:Simpson Desert

earlier unsigned comments

 * Date of naming seems wrong. Was it really crossed by colson before it was named?  perhaps 1839?

how has the desert developed and why

 * Please explain? I added info to it, that i was tought in school over 13 years ago. I also added some places that people may find interesting if useing wikipedia for holiday info. --Amckern 11:25, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

size
Is the figure of 600,000 square kilometres right? Encarta lists it as being only 100,000 and here its listed as 56,000 square miles -- Astrokey44 |talk 04:56, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

Image
Could use this one, nice historical one: http://images.slsa.sa.gov.au/mpcimg/09140/B9113_22.htm Colson's expedition. The copyrightcruft at the bottom should be cropped, though (since it's not true). pfctdayelise (translate?) 14:45, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

 * nice! ive added it to commons and put it here -- Astrokey44 |talk 15:00, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

Red sand
I saw a photo of the Simpson Desert with vivid red sand; it was striking. It would be great to find a free image showing this red sand. —Keenan Pepper 04:23, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

There's plenty I could edit on this page about the Simpson Desert with particular emphasis on how it was opened up to modern day travellers via the French Line in 1963. It is not so much what is wrong but what is inadequately described. Keenan Pepper will find much deep red sand on photos to be found on or the parallel site which I have been writing since 1996. It is an historical, non-profit, self-coded 56pps of factual experiences of the 45 men from CGG who carved the French Line from Dalhousie to Poeppels Corner in 3mths in 1963. Read it and enjoy. Kjrmur (talk) 07:04, 31 October 2014 (UTC)

Trans-Australian Line
I think the statement that the trans-australian line crosses the simpsons desert is wrong. The trans-australian line runs from Port Augusta to Kalgoorlie and is not near the Simpson. The line from Port Augusta to Alice Spring does run past the western edge of the Simpson Desert but it is not the trans-australia line. 58.107.18.14 12:20, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Just corrected this. I don't think the current Adelaide-Darwin line runs along its edge either, but the earlier line certainly did.  ☸ Moilleadóir ☎ 04:37, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

(reverted self - apologies - incorrect assumption from maps available - better effort this time -)

Ok apologies having double checked Hema map 'Simpson Desert' (3rd edition - 1:1,250,000 - ISBN 978-1-86500-244-6 ) or if you are google earthing - the dunes of the western edges of the simpson desert might appear to travel as far as Lamberts Centre (geographical centre of australia) 50 km east of stuart highway just north of Kulgera. On that basis the Old Ghan route locations of Finke, Musgrave, Rumbalara, Mount Squire, Engoordina, Bundooma, and Rodinga might be considered to have occured within the bounds of the western edge of the desert. SatuSuro 05:47, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

Date of Naming
I've seen 1932 (Blainey, who was an Australian historian) and 1929 (National Geographic), and now 1939. Can we get some kind of source for this? Phoenix Song (talk) 13:31, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

Hmm blainey is still alive 'removed link as webpage is no longer online

However there are other articles that are stating 1939 - must go find my copy of madigans book - odd the diff SatuSuro 05:16, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091006081248/http://australiangeographic.com.au/journal/reading-the-simpson-desert.htm to http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/journal/reading-the-simpson-desert.htm

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Largest sand dune desert?
Why is that claimed? Guiness is not exactly a good source for this, as the biggest sand desert is without a shred of a doubt Rub' al Khali in Saudi Arabia, which is much larger - and also Taklamakan Desert is much larger, and is an almost continuous field of huge dunes. Both have articles in Wikipedia which also has the area and in both cases much larger than the Simpson Desert.109.56.156.8 (talk) 14:01, 13 July 2019 (UTC)

This is so dubious a claim that it should be edited out. Casu Marzu (talk) 13:10, 2 September 2019 (UTC)

This is so dubious a claim that it should be edited out. Casu Marzu (talk) 13:10, 2 September 2019 (UTC)

This is so dubious a claim that it should be edited out. Casu Marzu (talk) 13:10, 2 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Simpson Desert


text:
Buckwild (TV series)

Buckwild is an American reality television series on MTV that debuted on January 3, 2013, and concluded on February 7, 2013.

Premise
Buckwild follows the lives of nine young adults in Charleston, West Virginia and nearby Sissonville who create their own unique ways to enjoy life in the rural area surrounding them.

Cast

 * Shain – "Gandee Candy"
 * Shae – "The Spicy Southern Belle"
 * Anna – "The Ringleader"
 * Joey – "Justin Beaver"
 * Ashley – "The Tomboy"
 * Cara – "The Firecracker"
 * Tyler – "The Pretty Boy"
 * Katie – "The College Girl"
 * Salwa – "Bengali in Boots"

Production
On November 18, 2011, MTV announced they had picked up the series for a twelve episode first season. The series was originally planned for a 2012 premiere. MTV remained dormant on releasing news about the series for over a year until November 29, 2012, when MTV announced the series would premiere on January 3, 2013, and feature two weekly half-an-hour back-to-back episodes with twelve episodes total. It was announced on February 6, 2013, that Buckwild will be returning for a second season.

Following the death of Shain Gandee on April 1, 2013, due to carbon monoxide poisoning, production of the second season was suspended until further notice.

It was announced on April 9, 2013, that MTV had chosen to cancel the series. On April 14, 2013, it was reported that executive producer J.P. Williams from Parallel Entertainment stated that his company would like to revive the series in another location with a new cast. In April 2014, Slednecks was announced. The series had the same premise as Buckwild but was set in Alaska. However, Slednecks has also since been canceled.

Reception
The series is described as having a "Jackass-like element," including depictions of "activities like mud racing, squirrel hunting and rope swinging". It has been criticized for propagating negative stereotypes of West Virginians. The state's film office has refused to authorize a tax credit for its production, citing a concern that it might portray the state "in a significantly derogatory manner". The series has also been deemed the "Redneck Jersey Shore" with the series even debuting on the exact time slot that Jersey Shore once held.

On December 7, 2012, West Virginia Senator Joe Manchin spoke out against the series, explaining that it wrongly depicts the lives of those who reside in the state. Manchin requested that MTV cancel the series before it aired. "This show plays to ugly, inaccurate stereotypes about the people of West Virginia," Sen. Manchin wrote in a letter to the president of MTV. Manchin went on to criticize MTV for encouraging local young people to misbehave for the camera. "You preyed on young people, coaxed them into displaying shameful behavior — and now you are profiting from it. That is just wrong."

Arrest of Salwa Amin
Cast member Salwa Amin was arrested on February 10, 2013. After obtaining a search warrant, officers moved in on the property. Amin, Shawn Booker and Jason Jones, the owner of the home, were discovered by police hiding in a shed outside. After both were taken out, Salwa had a large quantity of oxycodone in her purse while Booker had a sizable amount of cash. Additionally, three bags of heroin were found in the shed. Jones told police that Amin and Booker brought the drugs to his home in order to distribute. In all, the three were arrested and arraigned on felony charges of possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver. Amin waived her preliminary hearing in court and her case will now be sent to the grand jury. MTV has no comment on the situation. Amin was rearrested on March 27, 2013, due to her first court-ordered drug test being positive for oxycodone and morphine. She was booked as a pretrial felon and held without bail. On May 4, 2013, it was reported that Amin would be released from jail for an undetermined amount of time in order to complete a court-ordered inpatient rehab program for opiates. After her time was completed, she was placed back in jail.

Arrest of Michael Burford
On February 15, 2013, recurring cast member Michael "Bluefoot" Burford was arrested for aggravated DUI.

Death of Shain Gandee
On March 31, 2013, Shain Gandee and his uncle David Gandee were last seen by friends leaving Larry’s Bar in Sissonville at about 3 a.m. Sunday morning. After the pair told friends they were going mudding, Shain and David Gandee were reported missing later that day and a search began. On Monday morning of April 1, 2013, the Gandees and Donald Robert Myers had been missing for about thirty-one hours when a person on a four-wheeler discovered the three men unresponsive on a remote road in the Sissonville area of West Virginia. The three men were located inside Shain's 1984 Ford Bronco, which had become stuck in a deep mud hole extending past the vehicle’s windows. After autopsies were performed, it was confirmed that the three men died due to accidental carbon monoxide poisoning. As a result of the truck’s tailpipe being completely covered in mud, the poisonous gas instead filled the interior of the truck killing all three men. MTV released a statement, saying, “We are shocked and saddened by the terrible news about Shain Gandee, and those involved in this tragic incident. We are waiting for more information but at this time, our main concern is for the Gandee family and their friends. Our thoughts and prayers are with them. Shain had a magnetic personality, with a passion for life that touched everyone he met and we will miss him dearly."

Arrest of Joseph Patrick Mulcahy
On August 6, 2013, cast member Joseph "Joey" Patrick Mulcahy was arrested for driving under the influence, reckless driving, and failure to report an accident.

Arrest of Anna Davis
On November 16, 2013, cast member Anna Davis was also arrested for aggravated DUI.

Sentencing of Salwa Amin
On November 19, 2013, Amin pleaded guilty to possession of a controlled substance with the intent to deliver. As part of her plea deal, Amin has agreed to testify against Booker and Jones. She was sentenced on January 16, 2014 to one to five years in prison.

title: Buckwild (TV series)


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title: User talk:69.171.37.185