text:
User talk:Abhishekrajwade

Welcome!

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A tag has been placed on Paaji Singh Babbal, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article seems to be a biographical account about a person, group of people, or band, but it does not indicate how or why he/she/they is/are notable. If you can indicate why Paaji Singh Babbal is really notable, I advise you to edit the article promptly, and also put a note on Talk:Paaji Singh Babbal. Any admin should check for such edits before deleting the article. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Please read our criteria for speedy deletion, particularly item 7 under Articles. You might also want to read our general biography criteria. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. To contest the tagging and request that admins should wait a while for you to assert his/her/their notability, please affix the template  to the page, and then immediately add such an assertion. It is also a very good idea to add citations from reliable sources to ensure that your article will be verifiable. --  Netsnipe  (Talk)  11:24, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

File source problem with File:MaharajaAgrasenCollege.jpg
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Speedy deletion nomination of Vinod Gupta School of Management

A tag has been placed on Vinod Gupta School of Management, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Organizations for more information.

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Speedy deletion nomination of Vinod Gupta School of Management

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a notice to inform you that a tag has been placed on Vinod Gupta School of Management requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a very short article providing little or no context to the reader. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

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Speedy deletion nomination of Vinod Gupta School of Management

A tag has been placed on Vinod Gupta School of Management, requesting that it be deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under two or more of the criteria for speedy deletion, by which articles can be deleted at any time, without discussion. If the page meets any of these strictly-defined criteria, then it may be soon be deleted by an administrator. The reasons it has been tagged are:
 * It seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. (See section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion.) Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Business for more information.
 * It appears to be a clear copyright infringement of http://www.som.iitkgp.ernet.in/aboutvgsom.html. (See section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. If the external website belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text — which means allowing other people to modify it — then you must verify that externally by one of the processes explained at Donating copyrighted materials. If you are not the owner of the external website but have permission from that owner, see Requesting copyright permission. However, even if you use one of these processes to release copyrighted material to Wikipedia, it still needs to comply with the other policies and guidelines to be eligible for inclusion. If you would like any assistance with this, you can ask a question at the help desk.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Ad Orientem (talk) 12:12, 13 August 2014 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:IIT Schools of Management
Template:IIT Schools of Management has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Muhandes (talk) 19:10, 1 July 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Abhishekrajwade


text:
User talk:Coolpplsuc

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! CambridgeBayWeather 08:21, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
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 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Coolpplsuc


text: Wikipedia:POTD/October 10, 2005

title: Wikipedia:POTD/October 10, 2005


text: Category:El Colegio de México alumni

title: Category:El Colegio de México alumni


text: Category:History of Catholic monasticism


text: Wikipedia:POTD/October 12, 2005

title: Wikipedia:POTD/October 12, 2005


text: User talk:211.30.205.200

title: User talk:211.30.205.200


text:
Talk:Uganda Patriotic Movement

Untitled
am agandan munyankole, policatical active, i would like to join UGANDA PATRIOTIC MOVEMENT.

title: Talk:Uganda Patriotic Movement


text:
Category:Boat builders

Boat builders around the world.

Boats is a general description for smaller water crafts including but not restricted to commercial, recreational and military crafts. In general the borderline between a boat and a ship is around 100 ft (30 meters). Ships are large vessels primarily used for commercial applications. Yachts are vessels primarily driven by the wind power via sails or wings. Motor boat (Power Boats) are boats primarily driven by means of engines. Sail boats are primarily driven by wind force and sails. (American terminology.)

See also Category:Shipbuilders.

title: Category:Boat builders


text:
Pallavi Anu Pallavi

Pallavi Anu Pallavi is a 1983 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film written and directed by Mani Ratnam in his debut. The film stars Anil Kapoor, Lakshmi, and Kiran Vairale. It revolves around a young man falling in love with a slightly older woman. The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, while cinematography was handled by Balu Mahendra. The film is also Kapoor's debut in Kannada cinema.

Pallavi Anu Pallavi was released on 7 January 1983 to critical acclaim. However, the film was an average grosser at the box office, performing well in bigger cities but not so well in smaller towns and villages. The film won in three categories at the Karnataka State Film Awards: Best Screenplay for Ratnam, Best Cinematographer for Balu Mahendra and Best Dialogue for R. N. Jayagopal.

Plot
Having pledged his love for college girl Madhu, Vijay finds himself entwined in a close friendship with Anu, a married woman separated from her husband. Vijay grapples with the definition of love, treading the fine line between trust and attraction, amidst tremendous societal pressure. He is confused about his feelings for Anu, yet wants Madhu as his life partner. Amid all this is his youthful streak of rebellion, ready to take on the world despite the society's extreme reaction, which creates more grief than good.

Cast

 * Anil Kapoor as Vijay
 * Lakshmi as Anu
 * Kiran Vairale as Madhu
 * Vikram Makandar as Kumar
 * Master Rohith Srinath as Harsha, Anu and Kumar's son
 * Sundar Raj

Development
After completing his MBA and beginning work as a management consultant, Mani Ratnam was keen to enter the film industry and thus accepted the invitation of his friends Ravishankar and Raman (the sons of director B. R. Panthulu and musician S. Balachander respectively) to co-write the script of a Kannada film they were making, titled Bangarada Gani. Featuring Vishnuvardhan, Lakshmi, Ambareesh and Roja Ramani, the film was never completed and was later shelved. Ratnam then decided to branch out as a director himself and wrote a script entirely in English, during a single month in 1980.

With the script of the film which he intended to make in Tamil, Ratnam first met Kamal Haasan to play the protagonist, after his friend Kitty arranged a meeting with the actor. Haasan demanded major changes to the script if he were to play the lead role, and introduced Ratnam to his brother Charuhasan, who pledged to help find the script a producer. Ratnam revealed that he was open to the idea of selling the script to a popular director so that he could learn about filmmaking during the production process, but his meetings with K. Balachander, Bharathiraja and Mahendran were not successful. Haasan had later claimed that he was unable to work in Pallavi Anu Pallavi due to his commitment to Raja Paarvai (1981) and around the same time "also getting into Hindi films".

Ratnam subsequently met several producers. The script was rejected by over twenty studios, including Rajkannu of Sri Amman Creations and Gowri Shankar of Devi Films. Subsequently, Ratnam's uncle Krishnamurthy and T. Govindarajan of Venus Films agreed to finance the film under the condition that he made it as a low-budget Kannada film. While P. C. Sreeram was his original choice for cinematography, the producers insisted on an established cinematographer. Ratnam then approached Balu Mahendra. Ratnam also convinced B. Lenin (who was incidentally his neighbour), to work as the editor, since he had been impressed with his editing of Mahendran's Uthiripookkal (1979). Thota Tharani who happened to meet Ratnam during the shoot of Raja Paarvai, which the director had gone to watch, joined the team next.

Casting
While selecting the cast, Ratnam approached Lakshmi, with whom he had worked during the making of Bangarada Gani to portray the lead character with whom the younger man falls in love. Lakshmi was a well-established star at the time, and her coming on board, is what prompted Krishnamurthy to finance the film. Lakshmi's Julie costar Vikram was roped in to play her estranged husband.While Mohan and Suhasini were the original choices for the lead pair their dates were unavailable. Anil Kapoor was chosen to portray the male protagonist after Ratnam was impressed with his performance in the Telugu film Vamsa Vruksham (1980). Kapoor also helped bring Kiran Vairale on board when Suhasini turned down the role. Rohit, the son of Srinath, played Lakshmi's young son and appeared in Ratnam's first shot.

Filming
Ratnam did not know Kannada before directing the film but learned it "on the job", as he extensively researched literature for the script at the USIS and British Council offices in Chennai. With the help of his associate Shivanand, he was able to convert the English dialogues into Kannada and help Kapoor and Kiran Vairale perform to their respective lines, in a language unfamiliar to them. The film was shot in Coorg and Bangalore, close to Venus Films' distribution centre in the city. Towards the end of production, the film ran into financial difficulties and it took twenty one months to finish the final three days of the shoot, owing to call-sheet conflicts.

Soundtrack
Ilaiyaraaja composed the score and soundtrack, the lyrics for which were written by R. N. Jayagopal. In his biographical book Conversations with Mani Ratnam, Ratnam revealed that Balu Mahendra introduced him to Ilaiyaraaja. Ratnam told Ilaiyaraaja that he was doing a Kannada film with a very small budget but wanted him to compose the music, while also confessing that he could not afford to pay the latter's market price. Ilaiyaraaja agreed to work for one-fifth the amount he was getting at the time. The composer would go on to collaborate with the director for nine more films, including acclaimed Tamil films like Mouna Ragam (1986), Nayakan (1987), Agni Natchathiram (1988), Anjali (1990) and Thalapathi (1991).

Release
Pallavi Anu Pallavi was released on 7 January 1983. The film experienced moderate success at the box office, performing well in bigger cities but not so well in smaller towns and villages.

Awards

 * 1982–83 Karnataka State Film Awards
 * Best Screenplay – Mani Ratnam
 * Best Cinematographer – Balu Mahendra
 * Best Dialogue – R. N. Jayagopal

Legacy
Pallavi Anu Pallavi was dubbed in Telugu with same title and in Tamil language as  Priya oh Priya. Idea Cellular used the tune of Naguva Nayana as their theme music for some of their advertisements.

title: Pallavi Anu Pallavi


text:
Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Pūrvapraṇidhāna Sūtra

The Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Pūrvapraṇidhāna Sūtra (Sanskrit, Sutra of the Fundamental Vows of the Bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha; ) or Kṣitigarbhasūtra is a Mahāyāna sūtra teaching about the bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha and is one of the more popular sūtras in Chinese Buddhism. The sutra tells of how Kṣitigarbha became a bodhisattva by making great vows to rescue other sentient beings and a description of how he displayed filial piety in his past lifetimes. The sutra also expounds at length the retributions of unwholesome karma, descriptions of Buddhist hells and the benefits of good merit both great and small.

History
The Kṣitigarbhasūtra was first translated from Sanskrit into Chinese in the 7th century during the Tang dynasty by the Tripiṭaka master Śikṣānanda, a monk from Khotan who also provided a new translation of the Avataṃsaka Sūtra and the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra.

Some scholars suspected that instead of being translated, this text may have originated in China since no Sanskrit manuscripts of this text have been found. Part of the reason for suspicion is that the text advocates filial piety, which is commonly associated with Confucianism in Chinese culture. Since then, other scholars such as Gregory Schopen have countered that Indian Buddhism also had traditions of filial piety. One example is the Buddha's sharing of the dharma in the form of Abhidhamma with his late mother who was reborn as a celestial being in the abode of Tavatimsa, which was the greatest gift that he could offer out of filial piety to his late mother.

Currently, there is no clear evidence indicating either an Indian or Chinese origin for the text.

Contents
There are a total of thirteen chapters in the Kṣitigarbhasūtra, which are divided into three sections. The teaching is presented in the form of a dialogue between the Buddha and Kṣitigarbha and takes place in the Trāyastriṃśa Heaven, located on the top of Mount Meru, in front of a vast multitude of sentient beings. It includes tales of Kṣitigarbha's skill at freeing beings from the hells and instructions on dealing with the dying and the dead.

This sutra has multiple aspects for buddhists who are in various condition. For example,

 * 1) A dharma to 'leave the sea of suffering and realize the happiness of Nirvana' and finally 'Ultimate attainment of Buddhahood'.
 * 2) A teaching concerning karmic retribution, graphically describing the consequences one creates for oneself by committing undesirable actions.
 * 3) filial piety – not only that between oneself and one's parents, but also in an ultimate sense of a universal code of duty or responsibility for all living beings. For example, the Buddha frequently mentions the benefits of dedicating any good merit done to all sentient beings: "Moreover, if they should be able to dedicate rewards thus gained for the benefit of the entire Dharmadhatu, then their bliss will defy comparison."

In the last Chapter 13, Buddha also spoke about 28 kinds of benefits for "any good man or good woman who should see Ksitigarbha's image and hear this Sutra and, furthermore, read and recite it, and who should also donate incense, flowers, drink, food, clothing and precious treasures as  offerings, in addition to giving praise and making obeisance to Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha"

Those 28 benefits of reciting Kṣitigarbhasūtra are as follows:

 * 1) 一者、天龍護念 They will be protected by heavenly beings and dragons.
 * 2) 二者、善果日增 They will increase in good mind day after day.
 * 3) 三者、集聖上因 They will accumulate superior wisdom.
 * 4) 四者、菩提不退 They will never regress from Bodhi.
 * 5) 五者、衣食豐足 They will be opulent in food and clothing.
 * 6) 六者、疾疫不臨 They will never suffer from any disease.
 * 7) 七者、離水火災 They will be far away from flood, fire and disaster.
 * 8) 八者、無盜賊厄 They will not be stolen from or robbed.
 * 9) 九者、人見欽敬 They will be respected by everyone.
 * 10) 十者、神鬼助持 Gods and ghosts will help and support them.
 * 11) 十一者、女轉男身 A woman may be reborn as a male in the next life.
 * 12) 十二者、為王臣女 A woman may be born as a king’s or minister’s daughter.
 * 13) 十三者、端正相好 They will be born with good-looking features.
 * 14) 十四者、多生天上 They will be reincarnated in heaven.
 * 15) 十五者、或為帝王 They may be reincarnated as a king.
 * 16) 十六者、宿智命通 They will be aware of their former lives.
 * 17) 十七者、有求皆從 They will obtain anything they ask.
 * 18) 十八者、眷屬歡樂 Their families and relatives will be joyful.
 * 19) 十九者、諸橫消滅 All disasters or accidents will be eliminated.
 * 20) 二十者、業道永除 They will be rid of all bad karma.
 * 21) 二十一者、去處盡通 They will go anywhere without problems.
 * 22) 二十二者、夜夢安樂 They will have pleasant and peaceful dreams.
 * 23) 二十三者、先亡離苦 Their deceased relatives will be far away from suffering.
 * 24) 二十四者、宿福受生 They will receive the blessings from their past lives.
 * 25) 二十五者、諸聖讚歎 They will be praised by Buddhas and Bodhisattvas.
 * 26) 二十六者、聰明利根 They will become intelligent and have a good roots.
 * 27) 二十七者、饒慈愍心 They will possess a merciful heart.
 * 28) 二十八者、畢竟成佛 They will ultimately realize Buddhahood.


text:
File:Shipthumb.png

Summary
Sample Ignite test results, smaller.

title: File:Shipthumb.png


text:
Hyperbolus

Hyperbolus (Ὑπέρβολος, Hyperbolos; died 412/411 BC) was an Athenian politician active during the first half of the Peloponnesian war, coming to particular prominence after the death of Cleon. In 416 or 415 BC, he was the last Athenian to be ostracised.

Life
A fragment of a document by 4th-century BC Greek historian Theopompus suggests that Hyperbolus was the son of Chremes, but surviving ostraka prove that his father's name was actually Antiphanes. Some ancient sources claim that Hyperbolus was from a slave family, though the fact that his father had a Greek name makes this unlikely.

Hyperbolus was a demagogue, and an allusion in Aristophanes' play The Knights suggests that he, like Cleon (another demagogue of the late fifth century), supported an ambitious Athenian foreign policy. The precise details of his political career are unknown, but he seems to have been a member of the boule and possibly a trierarch.

Hyperbolus was a frequent target of the authors of Old Comedy. The first to satirise him was supposedly Hermippus; Plato the comic poet and Eupolis wrote plays about him; and there are allusions to Hyperbolus in seven of Aristophanes' surviving plays, from Acharnians in 425 to The Frogs in 405 BC. By contrast, only a single "contemptuous" reference to Hyperbolus is found in Thucydides.

In 416 or 415 BC, Hyperbolus proposed an ostracism, and was himself ostracised. In 412/411 BC he was murdered on Samos. According to Thucydides, the Athenian general Charminus was involved in the killing. Theopompus claims that Hyperbolus' body was stuffed into a wineskin and thrown into the sea; this may be derived from a comedy.

Ostracism
Sometime between the years 417 and 415 BC, Hyperbolus was ostracised. According to Plutarch, who described the ostracism in three of his Lives, the ostracism was proposed by Hyperbolus himself, intending to have either Nicias or Alcibiades – Theophrastus says Alcibiades or Phaeax – ostracised; the two politicians put aside their differences and persuaded their supporters to vote to ostracise Hyperbolus instead.

The date of the ostracism is uncertain. It was traditionally thought that Hyperbolus was ostracised in 417 BC, six years before he was murdered. However, an inscription naming Hyperbolus as the proposer of an amendment to a law was restored in 1949 by A. G. Woodhead, which suggests that he was still active after an ostracism in 417 ought to have taken place. As Nicias and Alcibiades were potential victims of the ostracism, however, it cannot have taken place any later than 415 BC; 416 or 415 are thus the only possible years for the ostracism to have taken place. P. J. Rhodes suggests that 415 BC is slightly more likely.

Legacy
Ostracism does not seem ever to have been used again in Athens after Hyperbolus, though the practice was never formally abolished. According to Plutarch, this was because the Athenians were so disgusted with the outcome of the ostracism that they abandoned the practice. Rhodes argues, however, that ostracism was in fact abandoned because it was too imprecise, and from the late fifth century the Athenians began to use more targeted methods for holding office-holders to account. For instance, 415 BC, the probable date of the last ostracism, was also the earliest date a legal process known as graphe paranomon is known to have been in use.

title: Hyperbolus


text: Wikipedia:Picture of the day/October 12, 2005


text:
User talk:Colossus34

Welcome
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you very much for your contributions so far. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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You might also want to consider changing your username before you get too invested in your current one. Although you are allowed to use just about any name, many Wikipedians encourage others to use real names. I would suggest that you do this. I can certainly understand that you might be uncomfortable using your real name online, but, in this case, I recommend that you choose an alias that resembles a real name. For instance, my name is Nat Krause, but I could just as well have a username such as "Eli Miller" or "Abe Sokolov".

If you are choosing a pseudonym, please do not use the names of famous people or fictional characters. An obscure literary reference is probably all right. As always, please avoid anything that could be considered offensive or inappropriate.

Note that, on Wikipedia, you can use spaces and capital letters; for instance, "T. K. Truong" is possible, rather than simply "tktruong".

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!—Nat Krause 08:27, 7 October 2005 (UTC), (Talk!)

Bruce Lee article / Dan Inosanto's biograpghy
Thank you for pointing out the information, but please provide an actual source (book title, page number, etc.) in the article instead of only mentioning it in the edit summary. Shawnc 12:51, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Bruceflex.jpg
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Dick Grayson infobox image
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Orphaned fair use image (Image:Colossus1tonExcalibur 098.jpg)
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title: User talk:Colossus34


text:
Luke Chueh

Luke Chueh (born March 7, 1973) is a Chinese-American lowbrow, pop surrealist, painter. His works is a juxtaposition of the cute with the macabre, including various self-portraits reimagining himself as a bear character.

Born to Chinese immigrants in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the family relocated to Fresno, California soon afterwards. Taught illustration at a young age, he became obsessed with interpreting the popular culture imagery he was surrounded by. Trained as graphic designer at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, he was hired as an in-house designer & illustrator at the Ernie Ball Company in 1997.

In 2003, Chueh relocated to Los Angeles and started pursuing a career as a painter. He hasn't had to take a day job since.

Life
Luke Chueh was born on March 7, 1973, and is a first generation Chinese-American; his parents having immigrated to the United States from China. When he was three months old, Chueh's family relocated from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Fresno, California. At the age of four, his mother taught him how to draw Mickey Mouse, which began a childhood obsession to paint and illustrate renditions of his favorite things, mainly Star Wars and other "science fiction stuff that I was watching all the time."

After graduating from Clovis West High School in 1991, the 18-year-old enrolled into the Art & Design program at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo. Nearing the completion of his degree, one his professors confided in Chueh that he was "a mediocre graphic designer", but that he was "a good illustrator" and "should pursue a career in that", despite the fact that Chueh had a graphic design concentration and his formal art training was restricted to a "couple quarters of Life Drawing and Illustrations classes".

Hired by the Ernie Ball Company as an in-house designer & illustrator before graduation, Chueh primarily created T-shirt and advertisement designs for the brand. Several of these became award-winning, with the artist himself being featured in the 1998 design annuals of both Communication Arts and Print.

During this time, Chueh began spending his nights partying to excess, leading to him being fired from the company. In 2003 he relocated to Los Angeles.

After moving to LA, Chueh kickstarted a career as a studio artist. However, he soon fell into addiction, his artwork, from that time, mirroring his struggles. In 2010, Chueh was finally able find sobriety, and is an advocate for people struggling with substance abuse.

Style and works
His images have been praised for their juxtaposition of cuteness with the macabre. "Traditionally, the sublime is described as the beautiful tinged with pain," said Steppling gallery director Sheila Dollente. "Chueh pares that idea to a single spare image borne by figures reminiscent of the soft, innocent stuffed animals of childhood. His paintings are at once intriguing, puzzling, friendly and sorrowful." His paintings and illustrations are noted for bringing together influences as diverse as Mark Rothko and Sanrio.

Chueh draws inspiration from deeply personal experiences and pop culture, and has created works that stem from the intolerance he experiences as a Chinese-American.

In an interview with Art Prostitute Magazine he stated that he is influenced by his contemporaries utilizing strong illustrative elements. He mentioned Gary Baseman, Camille Rose Garcia, Barry McGee, Takashi Murakami, Yoshitomo Nara, Mark Ryden, and Ralph Steadman.

In 2008 he designed the cover artwork for Fall Out Boy's album Folie à Deux (2008).

In 2011, Gallery 1988 published his first retrospective coffee table book, "Bearing the Unbearable".

Over the years, Chueh's drug-addled bloody bear paintings have evolved. The newer themes are race, consumerism, isolation, and mortality in an approachable and often comedic way.

Luke Chueh's art has been shown at galleries and museums in the U.S., Europe, Asia, and Australia. His most recent solo exhibition, "Peering Through The Darkness" (2023) sold out at Corey Helford Gallery, Los Angeles.

Projects and Media
In 2007, Munky King Toys released his first of many art toys, "Possessed". Based on the painting of the same name, the figure has been celebrated in the art/designer toy community. Other companies Chueh has collaborated with include Strange Co., In The Yellow, Kidrobot, Mighty Jaxx, and Flabslab. In 2023, Chueh began self producing his own art toy, "Low Fidelity", a figure inspired by his love of Lo/Fi Music.

In 2018, Chueh teamed up with Giant Robot (magazine) founder Eric Nakamura and launched their Art & Culture podcast "Robot and the Bear".

title: Luke Chueh


text:
Ahlawat

Ahlawat is a Jat clan and Indian surname.

Notable people bearing the name include:

 * Jaideep Ahlawat (born 1980), Indian actor
 * Mohit Ahlawat (actor) (born 1962), Indian actor
 * Mohit Ahlawat (cricketer) (born 1995), Indian sportsman
 * Mukesh Kumar Ahlawat, Indian politician
 * Narender Singh Ahlawat (born 1951), Indian Army officer
 * Sukhbir Singh Ahlawat, (born 1940) IAS Retd, (Joint secretary)

title: Ahlawat


text:
Jinhua

Jinhua is a prefecture-level city in central Zhejiang province in eastern China. It borders the provincial capital of Hangzhou to the northwest, Quzhou to the southwest, Lishui to the south, Taizhou to the east, and Shaoxing to the northeast. Its population was 7,050,683 as of the 2020 census including 1,463,990 in the built-up (or metro) area made of two urban districts (not including yet the satellite city of Lanxi, which has become essentially a suburban offshoot of Jinhua's main urban area).

Jinhua is rich in red soil and forest resources. The Jinhua or Wu River flows through the Lan and Fuchun to the Qiantang River beside Hangzhou, which flows into Hangzhou Bay and the East China Sea. In medieval China, it formed part of the water network feeding supplies to the southern end of the Grand Canal. It is best known for its dry-cured Jinhua ham.

History and culture
The history of Jinhua dates back to the 2nd century BC, when it was a county subordinate to Shaoxing. It was given the name Jinhua under the Sui dynasty in AD 598 and later became the seat of a prefecture. The present city and its walls date to the Yuan dynasty in 1352.

The most famous native of Jinhua is Huang Chuping, a Daoist holy man of the 4th century and reputed immortal whose descendants still live in the area. Wuyang Shan ("Reclining Sheep Mountain") is said to be a sheep which was turned to stone by Huang, a trick which he learned through his years of diligently studying Daoism.

Economically Jinhua has always prospered from its position as the regional collecting and processing center for agricultural and forestry products (chiefly rice and bamboo). It is currently the second most important grain producing area in Zhejiang. In 1985 Jinhua was promoted to City status, and now is responsible for administering four cities, four counties and a district. Animals raised there include dairy cattle, meat hogs (for the production of Jinhua ham, a famous local product for 900 years) and honeybees. Jinhua's industrial sector has developed more recently, producing machinery, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, building supplies and electrical and electronic equipment.

The Tang dynasty painter Guan Xiu (Kuan-hsiu) was born in Jinhua. He is known for his paintings of Buddhist holy men.

There are numerous scenic and historical sites in the Jinhua region, including many places associated with the Immortal Huang, and a palace of the Dukes of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

Geography
Jinhua is located at latitudes 28° 32'−29° 41' N and longitudes 119° 14'−120° 46' E in the center of Zhejiang. It borders Hangzhou to the northwest, Quzhou to the southwest, Lishui to the south, Taizhou to the east, and Shaoxing to the northeast.

Climate
Jinhua has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) with four distinctive seasons, characterised by hot, humid summers and chilly, cloudy and drier winters (with occasional snow). The mean annual temperature is 17.33 °C, with monthly daily averages ranging from 5.2 °C in January to 29.0 °C in July. The city receives an average annual rainfall of 1450 mm and is affected by the plum rains of the Asian monsoon in June, when average relative humidity also peaks.

Administrative divisions
The prefecture-level city of Jinhua administers 9 county-level divisions, including 2 districts, 4 county-level cities and 3 counties.

These are further divided into 191 township-level divisions, including 107 towns, 73 townships and 11 subdistricts.

Architecture
Jinhua architecture, also known as Wu-school architecture, is a style of traditional Chinese architecture that is characterized by large apartments, large courtyards, large open halls, horse-head walls. This style is different from the courtyard houses in Beijing and the earth buildings in Fujian.

Representative of the Ming and Qing Dynasty residences, Jinhua architecture typically features a clear central axis and a symmetrical layout. These buildings were often constructed by the royal family or the descendants of Confucianism, and served as both living spaces and cultural artifacts that reflect the values and beliefs of Confucianism.

The common characteristic of Confucian inheritance is the emphasis on respecting teachers, education, law, and rules. This philosophy is reflected in the spatial design and construction of Jinhua architecture. These houses are built with a harmonious balance between Yin and Yang and embody symmetry and balance.

Economy
Jinhua has a rather flexible economic system with distinctive economic characteristics in different areas. 90% of enterprises are in and about 88% of its GDP are from private sector.

Industry
Jinhua enjoys an advanced civilian-owned economy, with its industry mainly supported by processing and manufacturing. Leading industries of the city include clothing and textile, mechanics and electronics, pharmacy and chemistry, manufacturing crafts, metalwork processing architecture and building materials, automobile-and-motorcycle accessories, food processing, and plastic ware.

Industries are distributed with different characteristics in different counties or county-level cities. For instance, Yiwu is characterized by its light-industry commodities, Yongkang by its automobile-and-motorcycle accessories and mechanical and electric tools, Dongyang by its clothing, architecture and magnetic materials, the Jinhua Proper by its pharmacy, construction materials and industrial measures, Lanxi by its non-ferrous metal, cement, towels and daily chemicals, and Pujiang by its textile, lockmaking, and lantern ornaments of crystals.

Handicrafts
Traditional handicrafts have been flourishing in Jinhua. The wood carving and bamboo weaving in Dongyang, the straw plaiting, lace purling and crystals carving in Pujiang, and the hardware crafts in Yongkang, all enjoy a long history of development and the products sell well both abroad and at home.

Higher education
There are 2 major colleges / universities in Jinhua: the provincial public university Zhejiang Normal University (ZJNU), and the municipal public vocational college Jinhua Polytechnic.

High schools
Major provincial key high schools in Jinhua include Jinhua No. 1 High School, High School Affiliated to Zhejiang Normal University, Aiqing High School, Jinhua Tangxi Senior High School, Jinhua Foreign Language School, Lanxi No. 1 High School, Zhejiang Dongyang High School, Zhejiang Yiwu High School, Yiwu No. 2 High School, Yongkang No. 1 Senior Middle School, Zhejiang Pujiang High School, Wuyi No. 1 High School, and Pan'an High School.

International cooperations
Many education cooperations happen in Jinhua. Jinhua has been leading China-Africa education cooperation since the 1980s with the help of colleges and universities. Zhejiang Normal University began to recruit short-term international students in China in the 1980s. To date, the university has trained more than 8,000 African students in the Chinese language, international education in Chinese, business administration, comparative education, software engineering, mechanical design, and manufacturing and automation.

Jinhua ham
Jinhua ham has bright colors, with red and white hues. The lean meat has a sweetness, while the fat imparts a flavor without being overly greasy. It is a rich source of protein, fat, multiple vitamins and minerals. Jinhua ham is produced during winter and matured throughout the summer, which allows for fermentation. Its consumption is associated with various health benefits, such as nourishing the stomach and kidneys, strengthening bone marrow, and promoting wound healing.

Jinhua ham features thin skin, with bright yellow skin and a lute-like shape. Its flesh is red and aromatic, earning it the reputation of the "four perfections" for its combination of color, fragrance, taste, and shape.

Yongkang Roumaibing
Yongkang Roumaibing (meat patties) is a traditional snack of Yongkang. Throughout Yongkang's history, local farmers have prepared meat patties as a staple dish during harvest festivals. Despite its coarse appearance, Yongkang meat patties are regarded and deemed as an example of the idiom "Don't judge a book by its cover."

Yongkang meat patties are generally divided into two types. One is the thin patty (also known as the triangle patty), which is flat and large in area. The whole thin patty is cut into several triangle patties and sold with pork and dried vegetable filling. The other is the thick patty, a thicker, smaller patty filled with potato, tofu, cowpea, lotus root, etc.

Railways
Main railway stations:
 * Jinhua railway station
 * Jinhuanan railway station
 * Yiwu railway station

Jinhua enjoys convenient transportation, being the communications center in southeast China between coastal and inland areas. It is one of the major hubs of land transportation in the country. The Zhejiang-Jiangxi, Jinhua-Wenzhou and Jinhua-Qiandaohu railways intersect in the city. The Hangzhou-Jinhua-Quzhou Expressway, the Jinhua-Lishui-Wenzhou Expressway, the No. 330 and 320 National Highways, and other provincial highroads traverse the area. The city aggregation around Jinhua Proper has formed a "Half-an-Hour's-Ride Economic Circle", there being merely a 90-minute and a 3-hour journey driving from the city to Hangzhou and Shanghai respectively.

Metro
Jinhua Rail Transit is a metro system in Jinhua. Jinyidong Line connects the 2 districts of Jinhua to Yiwu and Dongyang. It was opened on August 30, 2022.

Airports
Yiwu Airport provides service to major cities in China mainland and Hong Kong.

Landmarks
Jinhua Architecture Park, a collection of 17 pavilions designed by Chinese and international architects, is set on the banks of the Yiwu River.

Notable people

 * Chen Wei
 * Guo Guangchang
 * Hu Hailan
 * Pan Jianwei
 * Lou Jiwei

title: Jinhua


text:
Richard Murphy (screenwriter)

Richard Murphy (May 8, 1912 – May 19, 1993) was an American screenwriter, film director and producer. His screenplays for Boomerang (1947) and The Desert Rats (1953) were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Original Screenplay, respectively.

Biography
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Murphy worked for Literary Digest in the 1930s before leaving in 1937 to work in the short film department at MGM. Murphy's first screenwriting credit was for providing the story for Back in the Saddle, a 1941 Gene Autry western.

While in the Army Air Forces during World War II, Murphy reached the rank of captain seeing action in the Pacific theater countries of New Guinea and the Philippines. Murphy returned to the States and started working for 20th Century Fox. In 1947 he wrote the award-winning film Boomerang. He received the first of two Oscar nominations for this screenplay, with his second in 1953 for the World War II film The Desert Rats. He also directed a few films before moving into television in the 1960s when he wrote and created television series. Murphy's last screenplay was for The Kidnapping of the President in 1980.

Writer

 * Life in Sometown, U.S.A. (1938)
 * Back in the Saddle (1941)
 * The Singing Hill (1941)
 * Flying Blind (1941)
 * The Apache Kid (1941)
 * Jesse James, Jr. (1942)
 * The Cyclone Kid (1942)
 * I Live on Danger (1942)
 * Wildcat (1942)
 * X Marks the Spot (1942)
 * Wrecking Crew (1942)
 * Boomerang! (1947)
 * Deep Waters (1948)
 * Cry of the City (1948)
 * Slattery's Hurricane (1949)
 * Panic in the Streets (1950)
 * You're in the Navy Now (1951)
 * Les Misérables (1952)
 * The Desert Rats (1953)
 * Broken Lance (1954)
 * Three Stripes in the Sun (1955)
 * Compulsion (1959)
 * The Last Angry Man (1959)
 * The Wackiest Ship in the Army (1960)
 * The Mystery of the Chinese Junk (1967)
 * Felony Squad (73 episodes, 1966–1969)
 * The Kidnapping of the President (1980)

Director

 * Three Stripes in the Sun (1955)
 * The Wackiest Ship in the Army (1960)

Producer

 * The Mystery of the Chinese Junk (1967)

title: Richard Murphy (screenwriter)


text:
Puffin Island

Puffin Island may refer to the following islands:

Canada

 * Puffin Island (Baccalieu Tickle), Newfoundland and Labrador
 * Puffin Island (Greenspond), Newfoundland and Labrador

Iceland
From the Icelandic word for puffin:
 * Lundey, Faxaflói
 * Lundey, Skagafjörður
 * Lundey, Skjálfandi

Ireland

 * Puffin Island (County Kerry)

United Kingdom

 * Puffin Island (Anglesey), Wales
 * Lundy (from puffin in Old Norse), in the Bristol Channel

United States

 * Puffin Island (Alaska)
 * Puffin Island (Washington), in the San Juan Islands

title: Puffin Island


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Jewish heads of High Schools

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. -Doc (?) 17:13, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

List of Jewish heads of High Schools
Besides the fact that the list is mnot what it says it is in the article title, it is useless: there is no point of classifying heads of high schools or universities by religion. What's next: list of Protestant heads of elementary schools? Graham/pianoman87 talk 08:32, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * What about the other lists in the same category? Have listed one (List of Jewish engineers) for deletion already, but there are still numerous others, and I'm not sure if I'm experienced enough to list those as well....could be nice to have the opinions of other users as well. bjelleklang 00:46, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, you've got your first delete vote on the list of engineers. Obviously easy to go off on tangents on this one but I'll post here what I posted there: "Why do we need a list of Jews in a particular, generic occupation? Do I need to explain why I find this creepy?" Ya, it's creepy. Marskell 01:09, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree, and it's not exactly what I would expect to find on a site like this. Thanks! bjelleklang 01:18, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * There's a whole category for lists of jews here, and a preface article here, could someone perhaps more familiar / experienced with wikipedia policy suggest what is to be done with these several dozen pages? Or should they just be left alone? (sorry, I know this is probably the wrong place to post such a request, but I'm not sure where else it'd go) --Qirex 11:21, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Judging by the heated debate on talk:list of Jews, and an examination of Who is a Jew?, I have chosen to leave the more established lists alone. It seems that they are not just talking about Jews in terms of religion, but in terms of an ethnic group. I don't know where to start a talk page for some *real* discussion on this though. - Graham/pianoman87 talk 11:57, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

I have posted a general comment at: Category talk:Lists of people by nationality, which you could check. Marskell 12:48, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per nom. Ryan Norton T 09:39, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Just about the most useless thing I've encountered so far....(in my short wikilife) bjelleklang 09:43, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Irrelevant article. *drew 11:29, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom --Qirex 12:57, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete LOL...just, LOL. Ya'Aseh Shalom
 * Delete Stu 13:27, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Going back over this article, I find it somewhat more sinister then I did before. One a historical level, of course.  What's next a list of banks headed by Jews - I hope not.  But there is this nagging political agenda issue that is really bugging me as well. Stu 22:29, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No good can come of this. BD2412  talk 13:53, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Even the school ilusionests probaly agree this is going to far --JAranda | yeah 20:13, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Delete Awful schoolcruft. Um, ya, let's start making lists of Jews in particular occupations. Marskell 20:48, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nomination. --Metropolitan90 03:31, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as listcruft. MCB 06:33, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, pointless listcruft. Punkmorten 18:13, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Pagal Nilavu

Pagal Nilavu is a 1985 Indian Tamil-language gangster film written and directed by Mani Ratnam, starring Murali, Revathi and Sathyaraj. It is about a carefree youth caught between his loyalty to a mafia don and his love for a police officer's sister.

The film's score and soundtrack were composed by Ilaiyaraaja which were widely acclaimed, while the cinematography of the film was handled by Ramachandra Babu. Pagal Nilavu marked Mani Ratnam's entry into Tamil cinema. The film was released on 28 June 1985.

Plot
Selvam is an aimless youth in Muttam, Kanyakumari. Out of a sense of deep gratitude, he ends up joining the gang of Devaraj alias Periyavar and complications arise when he falls in love with Jyothi, the sister of Peter, an honest and committed police inspector who is newly posted to the town. Periyavar pretty much runs the town and though he helps people in need, he is a diabolical kingpin who will not compromise on his hold of the town for anything. He wins Selvam's undying loyalty when he helps him with money and power at a critical juncture to save his mother.

In this backdrop Peter takes charge and moves into the town with his sister and daughter. Being uncompromising in his morals, Peter is automatically drawn into a game of one-upmanship with Periyavar and his gang. He also consequentially cannot stand Periyavar's chief henchman Selvam, and is consequentially drawn into continuous verbal and physical duels with him. Selvam meanwhile falls hook line and sinker to Jyothi and tries every trick in the book to woo her and eventually wins.

Production
Mani Ratnam and T. G. Thyagarajan of Sathya Jyothi Films were childhood friends as both their fathers were partners of Venus Movies and after the latter became a producer, he was keen to make a film directed by Ratnam. Like with the producer of Unaroo (1984), Ratnam initially narrated the script of Mouna Ragam (1986), then under the title of Divya, but Thyagarajan wanted an action film; the pair eventually began work on Pagal Nilavu. The producer suggested that Sathyaraj should play a character, while Murali and Revathi were also signed on for the lead roles in the film. Sarath Babu and Radhika were also selected to portray supporting roles. As the film was set in a small town milieu, Ratnam felt that he could not do justice to the local dialogues and A. L. Narayanan was drafted in to help work on the dialogues. The film was Ratnam's first in Tamil. Since Radhika's character was a dancer, the actress had to undergo training.

Pagal Nilavu was the first Mani Ratnam film to have standalone songs, which had to be picturised and he shot the videos of "Maina Maina" and "Nee Appothu", one after another. To make the film more commercially viable, Thyagarajan included a comedy subplot written by J. Livingston and Kumar, featuring Goundamani as a Malayali. Cinematography was handled by Ramachandra Babu, and editing by B. Lenin.

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, with lyrics by Gangai Amaran.

Release and reception
Pagal Nilavu was released on 28 June 1985, and was unsuccessful at the box office. Ananda Vikatan gave the film a rating of 46 out of 100.

title: Pagal Nilavu


text:
Downtown Long Beach

Downtown Long Beach, California, United States is the location for most of the city's major tourist attractions, municipal services and for numerous businesses. There are many hotels and restaurants in the area that serve locals, tourists, and convention visitors.

Location
Downtown Long Beach is bounded by the Los Angeles River to the west, and Ocean Boulevard to the south (south of Ocean is considered the "Downtown Shoreline", a separate area ). Alamitos Avenue roughly delimits downtown to the east, although the City's actual downtown zoning extends a few blocks east of Alamitos. Similarly, downtown effectively ends around 7th Street to the north, but the City's downtown zoning carries as far north as Anaheim Street between Pacific Avenue and Long Beach Boulevard, and up to 10th Street east of that.

The greater downtown area includes the neighborhoods of the East Village Arts District, the West End, North Pine, the Civic Center, and the "Downtown Core" or central business and entertainment area.

Tourist attractions and shopping

 * Aquarium of the Pacific
 * Catalina Express – boats to Catalina Island
 * East Village Arts District
 * Long Beach Convention and Entertainment Center
 * Terrace Theater
 * Long Beach Sports Arena (which has one of Wyland's Whaling Walls)
 * Long Beach Plaza – shopping
 * Museum of Latin American Art
 * The Pike – shopping
 * Pine Avenue — restaurants and nightclubs
 * Queen Mary – historic ship, hotel, restaurants & conventions (nearby)
 * Rainbow Harbor – shopping and restaurants
 * Shoreline Village – shopping and restaurants
 * Harvey Milk Promenade Park

Events

 * Second Saturday Art Walk (East Village)
 * Third Fridays Twilight Walk (Historic Pine Avenue)
 * Certified Organic Farmers Market (Fridays)
 * Bob Marley Reggae Festival (February)
 * Queen Mary Scottish Festival (February)
 * Congressional Cup (sailing races, April)
 * Long Beach Grand Prix & Formula DRIFT (April)
 * Cajun & Zydeco Festival (May)
 * Long Beach Lesbian & Gay Pride Parade & Festival (May)
 * Aloha Concert Jam (Hawaiian music, June)
 * Anime Expo or AX (SPJA) (Promotion of Japanese Animation & Culture July 2 to July 6)
 * Catalina Ski Race (July)

2028 Summer Olympics
During the 2028 Summer Olympics, downtown Long Beach will host Sailing, water polo, triathlon, artistic swimming and open water swimming.

Local government

 * Long Beach City Hall
 * Long Beach Police Dept. Headquarters
 * Municipal Library

County, state, and federal representation

 * Long Beach Main Post Office, located at 300 Long Beach Boulevard
 * Los Angeles Superior Court Governor George Deukmejian Courthouse

Businesses
The Downtown Long Beach Alliance manages the business- and commercial property-based improvement districts in Downtown Long Beach. There are approximately 1,500 businesses in Downtown Long Beach, including several law firms given the proximity of the Los Angeles County Courthouse, as well as over 150 restaurants, wine bars, performing arts venues, and the Long Beach Convention and Entertainment Center. A complete and frequently updated business directory is available online at Downtown Long Beach Alliance's website.

The California State University system headquarters are at 401 Golden Shore in Downtown Long Beach.
 * Long Beach Rescue Mission
 * Long Beach World Trade Center
 * Port of Long Beach (nearby)
 * Molina Healthcare

Revitalization Projects
Outdated office buildings that have reached the end of their competitive life-cycle are finding a new beginning as residential conversions. In 2014 the city's Municipal Code provided for Adaptive Reuse, which is a "construction or remodeling project that reconfigures existing spaces, structures or buildings to accommodate a new use or to accommodate another purpose than what it was originally designed for." The City created the Adaptive Reuse Incentive Program to guide developers through the process. Re-purposing a building avoids demolition, sending the structure to landfills, while preserving the historic value and unique architecture of downtown Long Beach. Examples of buildings converted for reuse include the Verizon office building on 200 W. Ocean Blvd. in Long Beach which is changed into a mixed-use apartment building over retail.

The Long Beach Professional Building, an eight story poured in place concrete Art Deco medical office tower constructed in 1929 and once in danger of being torn down, was most recently renovated in 2018. The historic building is on the List of City of Long Beach Historic Landmarks and the California Office of Historic Preservation. The building was accepted in 2005 into the National Register of Historic Places. The restoration project was conducted by Global Premier Development and KTGY Architecture + Planning. The structure is now called The Regency Palms, an assisted living and memory care facility.

Refer to the Downtown Update of the Long Beach Development Services for a presentation document showing completed, approved and pending projects.

Transportation
The following are located in Long Beach's downtown area:
 * A transit center of Long Beach Transit (bus)
 * The southern terminus of the Los Angeles Metro Rail A Line: Downtown Long Beach station
 * The southern end of Interstate 710 (Long Beach Freeway)
 * Bus service of Greyhound Lines, Amtrak Thruway, Torrance Transit, LADOT, and LACMTA

From 1902 to 1961, the neighborhood was served by the Pacific Electric Long Beach Line.

Education
Downtown Long Beach is within the Long Beach Unified School District.

title: Downtown Long Beach


text:
Vincent Martella

Vincent Michael Martella (born October 15, 1992) is an American actor. He is best known for providing the voice of Phineas Flynn on the Disney Channel animated series Phineas and Ferb (2007–2015; 2024–present). Martella is also known for his role as Greg Wuliger on Everybody Hates Chris (2005–2009), and providing the voice of Hope Estheim in the 2010 video game Final Fantasy XIII and its sequels Final Fantasy XIII-2 (2011) and Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII (2013).

Early life
Martella was born in Rochester, New York, the son of Donna and Michael Martella and is of Italian descent. During his childhood, he moved to central Florida. He graduated from DeLand High School in 2011 and studied for an online degree in business through the University of Florida.

Career
Martella appeared in the feature film Role Models starring Seann William Scott and Paul Rudd. He has a lead role in the film Bait Shop along with Bill Engvall and Billy Ray Cyrus. He also played Scoop in the Nickelodeon sitcom Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide and Greg in the UPN/CW sitcom Everybody Hates Chris.

He recorded his first album Time Flies By, playing the piano and singing. The album was written and co-produced by Vincent and is available on iTunes.

Martella became known in the voice acting world by playing the voice of Phineas Flynn in the Disney Channel and Disney XD animated series Phineas and Ferb. He also provided the English voice of Hope Estheim, a main character in the 2010 video game Final Fantasy XIII, and reprised his role for Final Fantasy XIII-2. He did the voice of the teenage Jason Todd / Robin for the animated film Batman: Under the Red Hood, in which his younger brother, Alexander, provided the voice for the child version of Todd. Martella reprised his role as Jason Todd for Batman: Death in the Family.

Martella also appeared in the fourth season of The Walking Dead television series as Patrick.

Personal life
His father owns Captain Tony's, a chain of pizzerias.

On March 31, 2024, Martella posted a photo on Instagram referencing his popularity in Brazil due to Everybody Hates Chris. With the help of a virtual campaign created by Brazilians, Martella went from approximately 200,000 followers to over three million in less than a week. Following the repercussion, he traveled to Brazil and appeared on multiple interviews with Brazilian outlets, including The Noite com Danilo Gentili and Inteligência Ltda.. He was also featured in an advertisement for Burger King.

title: Vincent Martella


text:
The Undercliff

The Undercliff is the name of several areas of landslip on the south coast of England. They include ones on the Isle of Wight; on the Dorset-Devon border near Lyme Regis; on cliffs near Branscombe in East Devon; and at White Nothe, Dorset. All arose from slump of harder strata over softer clay, giving rise to irregular landscapes of peaks, gullies and slipped blocks, that have become densely vegetated due to their isolation and change of land use. The Kent coast at Folkestone and Sandgate also has similar undercliff areas.

Isle of Wight

The Undercliff on the Isle of Wight skirts the southern edge of the island from Niton to Bonchurch. A favourable climate here has resulted in a semi-tropical environment, covered by lush vegetation.

The microclimate of warm sunshine, moist air and few winter chills was recognised by leading physicians in Victorian times as a beneficial environment for sufferers of respiratory diseases. This led to the establishment by Arthur Hill Hassall of a chest hospital at Ventnor.

The development of Ventnor and St Lawrence during the mid-19th century saw the construction of many fine houses and villas, and the creation of some beautiful gardens. These developments included the now-demolished Steephill Castle, and a number of houses built for the industrialist William Spindler in the 1880s.

The Undercliff is mostly accessible by a road, Undercliff Drive, running its length from Niton to Ventnor. The road has been blocked to through motor traffic since a landslip in 2014, but remains open to vehicles from either end, and also to through cyclists and pedestrians. The Undercliff can also be accessed by foot along the Isle of Wight Coastal Path.

There are some coastal erosion and landslip concerns associated with the Isle of Wight Undercliff region.

West Dorset
The west Dorset coast around Charmouth and Lyme Regis includes unstable cliffs which have given rise to undercliff areas with varied topography. There was a mudslide at Stonebarrow east of Charmouth in December 2000, and in May 2008 there was a large landslip at Black Ven between Charmouth and Lyme Regis.

Axmouth to Lyme Regis

The Undercliff in Dorset-East Devon stretches the 5 mi between Lyme Regis, near to the Cobb harbour, and Seaton. Like its namesake on the Isle of Wight, this feature also arose as a result of landslips and has become a rare and unusual habitat for plants and birds. It is a national nature reserve – the Axmouth to Lyme Regis Undercliffs NNR – and the South West Coast Path runs through it. The footpath stretches for 7 – 8 mi and is not accessible except at each end. It is not permitted to leave the path due to the nature reserve status and the dangerous terrain.

Some of the landslips that created the Undercliff took place within historical record. Recorded slips took place in 1775, 1828, 1839 (the Great Slip) and 1840. The 1839 slip was especially well-documented since the geologists Buckland and Conybeare were in the area to survey it. A large tract of land below Bindon Manor and Dowlands Farm slipped, creating the features now called Goat Island and the Chasm. It took with it an area of sown wheatfield which remained sufficiently undamaged for the wheat to be harvested in 1840, when the slip was a popular visitor attraction.

The Undercliff was formerly open rough pasture, grazed by sheep and rabbits, including features such as Donkey Green (an area of turf used for picnics and sports), Landslip Cottage (which used to sell teas to visitors), and Chapel Rock (where, according to tradition, Tudor religious dissenters met). However, it became heavily overgrown in the 20th century following the cessation of sheep farming and the decline in rabbits due to myxomatosis, and access is now difficult, the terrain being treacherous due to its unstable cliffs, deep gullies and dense undergrowth.

Sabine Baring-Gould's 1900 novel Winefred, a story of the chalk cliffs is set in the Undercliff area, with the Great Slip as its climax. The Undercliff was also one of the settings for the novel The French Lieutenant's Woman and a location for its film adaptation.

Hooken
The Hooken Undercliff is on the cliff route between Beer, Devon and Branscombe. A slump in the Chalk cliffs in 1790 separated a 10 acre tract of land, now a wooded and sheltered habitat with chalk pinnacles on the seaward side. It is reached via a steep footpath leading from the clifftop to Branscombe Beach. A cave, that can be found halfway up the cliff and seen from the footpath, is thought to have been used by the infamous smuggler Jack Rattenbury.

East Sussex
The Undercliff Walk from Brighton to Saltdean (a path under the Brighton to Newhaven Cliffs, a Site of Special Scientific Interest) is popular with walkers and cyclists but often closed because of rockfalls.

Kent
The towns of Folkestone and Sandgate have undercliff areas formed by landslips. Folkestone Warren, since stabilised by sea defences to protect the Dover-Folkestone railway that runs at its foot, is designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest and a nature reserve.

Undercliff wildlife
These sections of undercliff represent some of the most important sites in the UK for the conservation of rare beetles, bees and other invertebrates. Coastal soft cliffs and slopes support a specialised assemblage of species reliant on a historical continuity of bare ground, pioneer vegetation habitats, and freshwater seepages. Rare species entirely restricted to soft cliffs in the UK include the Cliff tiger beetle Cylindera germanica, the Chine beetle Drypta dentata, the Large mining bee Osmia xanthomelana, and Morris's Wainscot moth Chortodes morrisii morrisii.

title: The Undercliff


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Belvidere, North Carolina

Belvidere is an unincorporated community in Perquimans County, in the Albemarle Sound region of the northeastern part of the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is located north-west of the twin towns of Hertford and Winfall at the intersection of North Carolina Highway 37, and Perry's Bridge Road on the east side of the Perquimans River. Belvidere is part of the Elizabeth City, North Carolina Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Belvidere was originally built up chiefly by Quakers.

The Belvidere, Belvidere Historic District, and Mitchell-Ward House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Notable person

 * Wolfman Jack (Robert Weston Smith) (1938–1995), the legendary disc jockey, TV personality, and actor, moved to Belvidere and lived there until his death in 1995. His remains are buried on the property he owned with his wife, Lou.

title: Belvidere, North Carolina


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Stargate literature

Stargate literature comprises the novels and short stories in the Stargate franchise fictional universe (based on either the original Stargate film or the Stargate SG-1, Stargate Atlantis and Stargate Universe television shows) as well as a non-fiction devoted to the franchise. Stargate literary works follow no strict continuity with the series or each other and are often considered to be non-canon. There is a period of roughly a year between the original idea for a novel and the finalized product, causing problems for authors as they are unaware as to how the franchise will develop and change during the writing process. Despite this, the editors of Stargate literature function as the medium between the author and the production company.

There are three series of novels based on the Stargate franchise and short fiction has also been published in the official Stargate Magazine. It becomes difficult to discern what is and what is not canonical because much of the literature is based on the canon, whilst some of even this type of work deviates from the main productions, or is later contradicted. There's no official word from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) about the canonicity of the Stargate written fiction. However, MGM does approve each stage of novel's production, from initial outline to final draft. It remains up to the fans' discretion whether or not to accept Stargate literature as part of the combined Stargate universe.

Stargate literature centers on the premise of a "Stargate", a ring-shaped alien device that creates a wormhole enabling personal teleportation to complementary devices located cosmic distances away. Under the control of the United States government, the Stargate discovered on Earth is kept a secret from the public. This allows storylines to present no contradiction between depicted events and reality, an effect compounded by setting Stargate in the present day, and depicting Earth accurately, with any unrealistic technology originating solely from alien civilizations. Most of the time, Stargate literature follows SG-1 and the Atlantis flagship team on their journeys through different galaxies.

Film novelizations
Written by the movie creators, Dean Devlin and Roland Emmerich, the novelization of the original film, Stargate was published by Signet Books, an imprint of Penguin Books, in December 1994. Bill McCay had written a series of five novels continuing the story the original creators had envisioned, despite the success of the Stargate television series. McCay used the official notes by Emmerich to write his books.

A series of five novels written by Bill McCay were published from 1996 to 1999, based on the story of the 1994 film, Stargate. Each book was also produced as a book on tape read by David Fox. These were produced by consulting the original notes made by film director Roland Emmerich, in an attempt to envision where the film "would have gone". Neither party has commented on whether McCay's interpretation was correct. The film's producer, Dean Devlin, had his own ideas, but he did not bring them to light until interviewed much later, after the publication of all the novels. The subsequent television series Stargate SG-1 was an entirely independent development, making no attempt to reconcile with the plot line of the books. This marked the first major branching of the franchise.

The story continues immediately after the events of the film, with the United States armed forces interested in the mineral that is mined for Ra by the Abydans. As conflict arises in many forms on the planet of Abydos, a new threat comes when other gods from Ra's pantheon (namely Hathor) come looking. Bits of the Ancient Egyptian myth, The Destruction of Mankind, are acknowledged in the novel's construction.

The first three books form one complete storyline:
 * Stargate: Rebellion (October 1995)
 * Stargate: Retaliation (September 1996)
 * Stargate: Retribution (October 1997)

The last two continue after the events in the first three books, but move the story forwards by dealing with the Abydans and the events that happen at the climax of the trilogy.
 * Stargate: Reconnaissance (May 1998)
 * Stargate: Resistance (October 1999)

The book canon of the franchise has multiple differences with the television series Stargate SG-1. In the books, Ra is the last of his race, and all of his lieutenants (such as Hathor and Ptah) are actually loyal humans who pose as the other Egyptian gods created by Ra to enslave the populace. The movie version of Ra inhabits a human body by possessing the human with his soul, rather than as the parasitic snake as seen in Stargate SG-1.

The books focus more on politics, with budget issues and human rights considerations playing a large role. The book's version of O'Neil is much more of a straight soldier, while Jackson remains the idealistic maverick scientist. The quartz-like mineral (called Naqahdah in Stargate SG-1) remains unnamed. The city that Kasuf and Sha'uri live in is called Nagada and more cities on Abydos are shown. While the first three books focus on the plight of the Abydan (called Abydonian in Stargate SG-1) people and the war between Ra's humans and the humans from Earth, the last two books introduce other worlds and other races.

Other releases
ROC published four Stargate SG-1 novels written by Ashley McConnell from 1998 to 2001. These novels were available only in the United States. The United Kingdom-based publisher Fandemonium specialises in Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis, publishing the first book in 2005. The Stargate SG-1 novels were originally only available in the UK, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa because the company did not hold a licence to distribute them in North America but the Stargate Atlantis books are available worldwide. The company's license was later extended to North America in June 2006. All books are written as canon; that is, they try to recreate the show. MGM reads and approves all the novels.

The company held an open submissions policy in November 2004, inviting fans to submit proposals for a Stargate SG-1 novel. Fandemonium's company runner and chief editor, Sally Malcolm, started out as a fanfic writer herself. Several future books are works of authors found through this policy. Stargate Atlantis novels continue to be written only by professional authors.

The official Stargate Magazine, produced by Titan Publishing, began publishing short stories written by Fandemonium authors in their 8th issue. The stories alternate between both SG-1 and Atlantis. The magazine is available in the UK and internationally through Diamond Comic Distributors' Previews catalogue. Thomasina Gibson and Sharon Gosling have written official companion guides for all seasons of Stargate SG-1 (seasons 1 through 8 as two seasons per companion guide) and Stargate Atlantis, published by Titan Books.

Stepping Through the Stargate: Science, Archaeology, and the Military of Stargate SG-1 is a collection of works which are centered around the science fiction TV series Stargate SG-1. The book takes a thoughtful, but shallow look at the popular, award-winning television series. It was edited by P. N. Elrod and Roxanne L. Conrad and published by BenBella Books in 2004. The book is a non-fiction collection of essays, articles, and personal recollections by cast and crew members, scientists, military experts, and various science fiction writers, all of whom are fans of the show. James Tichenor special effects head of Stargate SG-1 and actor Tom McBeath (who played Colonel Harry Maybourne) and Stargate comic book writer James Kuhoric. Even an Air Force Colonel were some of many who helped to write the collection of works.

Stargate comics are a series of comic books based on the film, Stargate (1994), and the TV series' Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis. The initial comics were tie-ins with the 1994 film and the later output by Avatar Press has been based on the two TV series. A series of Stargate film-related comics were published by the independent publishing house Entity Comics between 1996 and 1997, under the creative direction of John Migliore and Bill Maus. Along with a four-part comic book adaptation of the Stargate motion picture and three-part adaption of Bill McCay's Stargate: Rebellion, Entity Comics also wrote their own continuation of the Stargate film. Stargate: One Nation Under Ra and Stargate: Underworld were later published as a trade paperback titled Stargate: The New Adventures Collection. There has been no official word as to whether or not the comics are canon.

Stargate audiobooks by Big Finish Productions, based on the long-running military science fiction television franchise Stargate. The "talking books" are each narrated by one of main Stargate characters and feature a second, guest-star voice along with music and sound effects.

Development
Authors interested in writing a Stargate book need to send a manuscript to the e-mail address of the official Stargate literature webpage. Known writers need to send their publishing history and a short synopsis of their planned plot behind the book.

German author Sabine C. Bauer wrote the first Stargate SG-1 novel, entitled Stargate SG-1 Trial By Fire. Bauer first noted the Stargate universe when studying theater in the United States, when she traveled back to Great Britain, Stargate SG-1 hadn't premiered yet. So she started to write a Stargate script (which eventually became Trial By Fire). She spent four years writing the book writing a main story arc for the character Jack O'Neill. She garnered a few minor awards for her novel and started writing Stargate novels behind the science idea of quantum physics.

Jamie Duncan and Holly Scott have written two Stargate novels, the first being Stargate SG-1 Siren Song and second being Stargate SG-1 Hydra. Scott has commented on the writing process for the books, saying that she and Duncan both learned "Several things from [...] process" when writing the first book, she felt the most important thing she learnt was "Not to be afraid of revising the draft". She further commented that this became "Very handy" when developing their second book (Hydra), since the first draft of the book needed a lot of work, as she said "We had to learn to whack scenes that just didn't work."

Siren Song is set after the event of Stargate SG-1 episode, "Deadman Switch", while Hydra is set between "Tin Man" and "Shades of Grey". According to Duncan, "Deadman Switch" was a "Relatively stand-alone episode" for the series, which made it possible to make an exciting story and a "Fun secondary character" (Aris Boch) for the book. She further stated that she was able to explore the culture better with the book. Scott called the development of Siren Song a "wonderful challenge". As Scott explained, she has wanted to write stories for many of the Stargate SG-1 characters, but Aris Boch was at the top of her list, she called her experience in writing the book "Remarkable" to create a back story for the character and write new interaction between the character and SG-1.

Hydra followed the events of "Tin Man", and as Duncan puts it, the episode came with an "unanswered question", a "paradox" even. The main focus of the story was how to live with yourself when you knew that you were not the person you felt you were. The story follows the cloned SG-1 team being ripped off from all their "Heroic qualities" and what the differences are between them and the real team. The novel itself is told in multiples of view points, and it jumps back and forth in time. When writing the structure for the novel, they created a chart. As Duncan puts it, the story could not been "Told in a linear fashion", if they wanted to achieve certain story effects within the plot. So they felt that if the story was going to achieve an "Emotional" status, it needed to be told in a "Non-linear structure". Scott further stated that some of the "Perspective" of the SG-1 members could not been told because of being to "POV" for the book itself.

Steven Savile, writer of the Shadow series which consists of the books Shadows, Shapeshifter and Trickster were released in 2009. These books were written to stand to true to the nature of Stargate SG-1 and its characters. After writing five about vampires in three years Savile was looking for a new topic to write about without "Repeating" himself. He then learned that Stargate writer Sally Malcolm was looking for new writers for the franchise. After a few E-mails with Malcolm he got the job as a Stargate writer. When commenting on how to make a good tie-in novel for the franchise, he said it was "Tricky on a page-by-page level". He further stated that he couldn't create new stories because by the end of the day the Stargate franchise belonged to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM).

Reception
The book Stargate Atlantis Exogenesis was nominated in the category "Best speculative fiction novel" in the Scribe awards written by Sonny Whitelaw and Elizabeth Christensen, but did not win the award. Author Elizabeth Christensen won the Scribe award in the category "Best Speculative Original novel" at ComicCon 2008 for her book Stargate Atlantis Casualties of War. The award was organized and presented by the International Association of Media Tie-In Writers (IAMTW) which was founded by Max Allan Collins and Lee Goldberg.

Related pages

 * List of Stargate literature
 * List of Stargate comics
 * List of Stargate audiobooks

title: Stargate literature


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Whitwell, Isle of Wight

Whitwell is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Niton and Whitwell, on the south of the Isle of Wight, England, approximately 5 kilometres north-west of Ventnor, the village's nearest town. In addition to this, it is about five minutes away from its neighbouring small villages of Godshill and Niton. According to 2001 census data, the total population of the village was 578. There is a variety of stone and thatched housing, as well as some more modern housing, the most recent of which was completed in 2006.

Whitwell's small size has led it to become a very close-knit community with a range of amenities including a garage, a 700-year-old church, the oldest pub on the island, dating back from the 15th century and a post office, which was recently re-located to a new premises inside the church bell tower. A trout farm is located towards Nettlecombe, with three lakes covering 1.5 acre. The waters are well stocked with carp, roach and tench.

Whitwell is named after the "White Well" inside the village. The well was visited by many during medieval times on pilgrimages, and now well dressing occurs annually each summer. Across Whitwell, six more old water standards can be seen. They were built in 1887 by William Spindler. Half the cost of installing the wells was covered by William Spindler himself, the remainder by people of the village. The water was supplied by Mr Granville Ward from a spring on his land at Bierley.

History
"White" is derived from an Old English word meaning clean or pure, and the village of Whitwell is likely to take its name from a well or spring with a reliable supply of fresh water. The original White Well, located towards the south end of the village was once a place of veneration as a 'holy well' and a site of pilgrimage in the Middle Ages. The waters of the well were believed to contain healing powers for the infirm. The tradition of Well Dressing was started and now occurs annually at the site of the well. Each year the well is dressed and blessed by the local vicar giving thanks for water and a blessing for the village.

In the village, six red iron water pumps can be seen at various intervals. These were built in 1887 by William Spindler of St Lawrence whose tomb now lies in Whitwell Graveyard. One is located next to the White Well in Ventnor Road, two along Kemming Road, two along the High Street, and one on Nettlecombe Road.

Many of the village's buildings such as the White Horse pub, date back to the 15th century. The Church has portions dating back to as far as the 12th century, with newer additions built in the 13th, 15th and 16th centuries. In comparison to this and the rest of the village, new housing has been built relatively recently along Bannock Road. The latest new housing was completed in 2006.

In 2009 Whitwell won the award for the best kept large village, in addition to the award for the overall island's best kept village, an award it has previously won in 2003. Judges from the competition were impressed by maintenance of bus stops, verges seats, commercial premises and gardens and the success of the new post office.

Governance
Whitwell lies within the parliamentary constituency of the Isle of Wight with the seat held by Conservative member Bob Seely, and within the same area of the Isle of Wight Council. Together with Niton, the village forms a civil parish, chaired by Councillor Tim Addison. The Parish Council has ten members, six for the Niton ward and four for the Whitwell ward, and meets ten times annually.

In 1931 the parish had a population of 636. On 1 April 1933 the parish was abolished and merged with Ninton and Ventnor.

Geography
Whitwell is located in the south of the Isle of Wight, slightly to the south of Godshill, and extends to the southern end. The nearest town is Ventnor, about 5 kilometres South of the village. Niton is the nearest village about 2 mi away, which together, Whitwell and Niton form a civil parish. Also close to the village, is Nettlecombe, the site of a lost medieval village located slightly to the north east. The entire village is surrounded mainly by fields and classed as an 'Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, forming part of the Isle of Wight AONB.' The relief is mainly flat, with some slight hills. It contains 1910 acre of land, 687 acre in 1905 being arable land, 775½ acres permanent grass, and 74½ acres woodland.

With the villages co-ordinates at N 50.60223 W 1.29967, its climate is warm, with a sea breeze coming in from the coast. It benefits from Ventnor's micro-climate as a result of being in a sheltered location on the cliff of the island's south coast. This offers the village more sunny days than much of the British Isles, and fewer frosts.

The Eastern Yar, with its mouth in the north-east of the island, extends an infant tributary to Whitwell and at one point, a stone sheep wash is still present. The River Yar Trail was set up on 24 May 2002, with a milestone outside the White Horse in Whitwell.

Whitwell's built environment is characterised by its mixture of stone and thatched housing. There is a mixture of single and two-story houses, with most single-story housing on Bannock Road, recently developed with a small estate of bungalows. Terraced housing features in the centre of the village. The most notable house in the village is The Old Rectory, close to the church and was formerly a bed and breakfast.

Church

The Church of St. Mary and St. Radegund is a Church of England church, located at the south end of the village, adjoining the rectory. It is the only church in the village. Parts of the church date back to different centuries, the earliest being 12th, with later parts added in the 13th, 15th and 16th century. In April 2007, the village's post office was relocated inside the church's bell tower, the first of its kind to actually be located inside the church.

Amenities
The village used to have a wide range of facilities used by local residents. However over the years, many of these have gone. These include two shops, a playgroup, its Methodist church, the forge, a nursing home and youth hostel. The facilities left include: Due to the village's small size and small population of 578, most amenities are located outside the village. Many are located in the slightly larger neighbouring village of Niton, such as a Pharmacy and doctor's surgery. Others are located in the nearby town of Ventnor.
 * Post Office – The village used to have its own, family owned post office. This was closed in 2006, however later in 2007 was relocated onto a new premises inside the church.
 * Village hall – It is used to host a variety of activities, as well as the Whitwell Village Show, which takes place annually each summer.

Whitfun
In 2012, Whitwell held a traditional street party in celebration of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee. The Kemming Road was closed to traffic for the day between the High Street and Bannock Road. It was a great success with over 100 children at the street party which was followed by games in the grounds of the Old Rectory and a party, with a hog roast, live music and the 'Red Gun bar', at Prospect Cottage. It was agreed to hold a similar event the following year - as a village party called Whitfun ( it was in Whitwell and held on the Whitsun Bank Holiday weekend). This has been held each year on the Saturday of the Spring Bank Holiday (traditionally Whitsun), moving from the garden of Prospect Cottage to the garden of the White Horse Inn in 2015. It still features a programme of live music and the 'Red Gun bar', despite being in the pub garden. In 2018, Whitfun moved to 19 May to celebrate the royal wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle.

Whitwell Church Fete
Each summer the village holds a fete, normally in July, in aid of church funds. This has been held in a number of locations including, in recent years, the Old Rectory grounds and Whitwell Manor Farm.

Rail
Whitwell Station, on the Ventnor West branch of the Isle of Wight Central Railway, was opened along with the other stations on the branch on 20 July 1897. It was equipped with a passing loop, two platforms, a signal box and a substantial station building. Located at the top of Nettlecombe Lane, the station is located close to the village and the community it was intended to serve, unlike any other stations on the line.

However the track has now closed, and the waiting rooms have now been converted into two cottages and the old up platform has been restored. The site is now a popular tourist destination and is used for holiday accommodation. An old railway tunnel just outside the village is used as a mushroom farm. Another tunnel is still present on Nettlecombe Lane (pictured to the left) leading to the station.

Bus
Southern Vectis bus route 6 links the village with the towns of Newport and Ventnor, including intermediate villages. The last bus from Newport is early at 18:22 providing no evening service for the village. The seasonal 'Island Coaster' also runs through the village during the summer. Wightbus and Southern Vectis take students to school, which has caused some controversy over two bus companies taking a small number of students to school.

Roads
There are only three roads exiting the village, Ventnor Road leading to Ventnor, Kemming Road leading to Niton and the main High Street which leads to Godshill.

The main road leading to Ventnor has recently been widened and resurfaced to cope with the larger number of cars using it, however this has caused controversy with nearby residents with reports of many cars speeding through the village. A sign was later put up, warning motorists if their speed exceeded the 30-mile per hour speed limit. More were later put up across other parts of the village.

Walking
The River Yar trail runs through the village with the milestone outside the village Pub. In addition to this, bridleways are maintained, running to nearby villages Wroxall and Niton. Future plans could see a pedestrian link from Whitwell to Niton along the main road.

title: Whitwell, Isle of Wight


text: User talk:69.88.3.229

title: User talk:69.88.3.229


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Biglow

Biglow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Abe L. Biglow (1872–1923), American politician and businessman
 * John Biglow (born 1957), American rower
 * Lucius Horatio Biglow (1885–1961), American football player and coach

title: Biglow


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Saku Brewery

Saku Brewery is an Estonian brewery and soft drinks company based in Saku. It was founded in 1820 by the local Baltic German landlord Graf. Since 2008 Carlsberg Group has been the sole owner of Saku Brewery.

History
The history of Saku Brewery begins in the early 19th century, when the owner of Saku estate at that time, – a nobleman of Baltic German descent – decided to build a distillery and a brewery on his land. The brewery was first documented in October 1820. It is believed that the production of beer, for the purpose of sale to pubs and taverns, began in the autumn of that year. From the end of the 19th century onward, Saku has remained among the leading breweries in Estonia.

Currently
In 1991, joint venture Saku Õlletehas was established. Since January 27, 1998, the shares of Saku Brewery were traded in the list on the Tallinn Stock Exchange. On 20 September 2008, the shares of Saku Õlletehase AS were delisted from Tallinn Stock Exchange.

Through large investments, Saku Brewery has become the market leader on the Estonian beer market. According to market research by Nielsen Corporation in March 2009, Saku Brewery held 38.7% of the local market share. The total sales of beer by Saku amounted to 59 million litres in 2007.

Beverages of Saku Brewery are exported to other countries including Sweden (the only Estonian beer in the Systembolaget is Saku Kuld), Finland, Netherlands, England, Germany, Ireland and Canada. Saku's exports during the first five months of 2009 amounted to 3.12 million litres.

The interests of Estonia's three largest breweries are represented by the Estonian Beer Brewers Association: Saku Brewery, A. Le Coq Brewery and Viru Brewery. The sales turnover of Saku Brewery in 2021 was 69.35 million and the net profit was 8.1 million euros.

Products

Saku Originaal is the flagship product of Saku Brewery and is made of yeast, water and selected malt and hops. Brewing of Saku Originaal started in 1993, making it the first Estonian beer to be sold after Estonia regained its independence. According to market research conducted by Emor in 2002, Saku Originaal is the most recognised and popular Estonian beer.

In April 2009, Saku Brewery invested over 70 million kroons into a new crystal-filtering technology, the first brewery to employ this technology in Estonia. Saku Originaal was the first beer to be brewed using this technology. Crystal-filtering helps remove bacteria from the beer during brewing, giving the beer a longer lifetime and stronger taste.

Besides beers, Saku Brewery also produces mineral water (Vichy), cider, long drinks (Saku GN), and energy drinks (Battery, Super Manki).

Saku Originaal, Saku Kuld, Rock, Karl Friedrich, Saku Hele, Saku Tume, Saku Pilsner, Saku Porter, Saku Antvärk, Saku On Ice, Saku Dublin, Saku Manchester, Taurus, Presidendi 8
 * Beers

 * Ciders
 * Somersby (Apple, Pear, Blackberry, Citrus Fruit, Apple 0.0%)
 * Saku Antvärk Pilvine õun, Mesine pirn

 * Long drinks
 * GN Long Drink (Grapefruit, Cola and Cactus-Lime)
 * Seth&Riley's Garage (Hard Lemonade, Hard Ginger)
 * Star Cocktails (London G&Tonic, Berlin Colameister, Miami Strawberry Margarita)

 * Water
 * Vichy Classique
 * Vichy Fresh (Raspberry-Rhubarb, Aloe Vera-Apricot, Lemon-Lime, Orange-Mango, Apple, Green tea-Pomegranate)
 * Vichy Sport
 * Vichy Vitamin (Daily, Sport, Reload)
 * Värska Originaal

 * Soft drinks
 * Saku Kali
 * Lotte Limonaad

 * Energy drinks
 * Battery (Battery, Battery No Calories – Lime)
 * Super-Manki

Marketing
Among other marketing activities, Saku Brewery sponsors the following events and organizations:

 * BC Tartu, an Estonian professional basketball team
 * Estonian Ski Association
 * Hard Rock Laager, an Estonian rock music festival
 * International Summer Competition for Skiers
 * Rabarock, former Estonian rock music festival
 * Silverspoon gastronomy award
 * Saku Suurhall

title: Saku Brewery