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Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason 2

 * ''The following discussion is preserved as an archive of a request for adminship that did not succeed. Please do not modify it.

Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason
Final (41/29/4) ended 21:50, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

is a pretty good user, in my book. Kate's edit tool says he has 4,394 edits; he is a developer (and wm-sysadmin -Ævar), but was previously de-sysopped due to a mass image deletion. However, I am confident that we can forget the past and renew our trust in Ævar. --WikiFanaticTalk

 * I accept!

 * First a little history, I was admin from sometime in 2004 (can't track down when exactly) May 2004 to May 2005 when I was temp. de-sysopped pending an explanation of my actions, and then today from 22:27 to 22:29, it occured to me that it might be useful to have sysop powers on enwiki again in case something comes up like what came up today.

 * When I edit Wikipedia I mostly edit on the Icelandic Wikipedia where I'm the largest contributor (by edits, but probably not by content), I also do a lot of developing on the MediaWiki software mostly doing maintenance tasks on already existing code (bugfixes, applying patches), some of the things that I can call mine are the Exif metadata feature (which everyone seems to hate;=, the license selector on Special:Upload, newuserlog and numerous extensions.

Support
 * 1) Support, obviously, as the nominator of Ævar. --WikiFanaticTalk Contribs 16:50, 8 October 2005 (CDT)
 * 2) Support. If someone has direct access to the database, it means that we have already placed more trust in him than we place in admins. I don't see why he can't be trusted with tools much less powerful than the ones he already has. As for the image deletion problem, everyone is allowed to have a bad day. Tito xd (?!?) 22:44, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I haven't decided what I think yet, but we didn't place the developer trust in him, we have no say at all in that. An admin can have a bad day: I could head off right now and, say, delete 97 images — an irreversible action short of reuploading them. This sounds like I'm campaigning, but I don't mean it to. -Splash talk 22:54, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not disputing your vote, but I just felt like I'd add my opinion here. When someone has developer access, they're trusted not to do certain things; for example, not to go around performing administrative duties on wikis they don't have sysop access on.  The reason they shouldn't do this is that the community hasn't shown its trust in their ability to do these things, which are quite different from the duties of a developer.  The ability to write code is quite different from the ability to determine consensus, or write articles in an NPOV fashion, for example, and one could quite easily have one but not the other; the purpose of an RfA is to determine the community's faith in the user to perform the latter two duties correctly.  Thus, I wouldn't find it particularly surprising for a user with developer access to fail an RfA, despite still being trustworth in other ways.  Kate.
 * 1) Support. Great guy. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:50, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support Argh...titoxd took the words right out of my mouth!!!!!!! (add about 15 more exclaimation marks ;)). Anyways... — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ)  22:51, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Support - Ævar has been persistently helpful whenever I've encountered him, the old image-deletion thing appears done and dusted (and I thought he'd been readminned afterwards... hmm.) and I'm sure he's sensible enough to discuss anything similar in future after what happened last time. (Would be happier supporting if he didn't transclude his .sig, though) Shimgray | talk | 23:08, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Support, My extremely high standards are less now, before this user would of had to have like 5,000 edits, but close enough anyway. And edit counts don't really matter, just seems like a good user, so I support. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Private Butcher (talk • contribs)
 * 5) Yeh. The image thing was a long time ago, and, as someone else says, everyone has a bad day... but (wags finger) don't do it again! :) Grutness...  wha?  23:21, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 6)  Support; the issue which led to his desysopping was grossly overblown, and Ævar remains thoroughly trustworthy. — Dan | Talk 23:24, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Support, per User:Rdsmith4. -Greg Asche (talk) 23:44, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Support Thanks for all the hard work on the development side (in addition to your en:wiki work). --Duk 02:06, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Support CambridgeBayWeather 03:37, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Support Jtkiefer  T - 04:22, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Support. Contributors from small countries need a lot more representation, and I've seen enough of Ævar to know that he's definitely adminship material. David Cannon
 * 12) Support I've known AEB for a long time. =Nichalp «Talk»=  06:51, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) Support. This is the first case where the RfA cliché #1 is actually true. — J I P | Talk 07:20, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 14) Support Forgive and forget --Rogerd 07:44, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 15) Merovingian (t) (c) 10:30, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 16) Support There clearly are issues and Ævar needs to be clear on which hat he's wearing at any one time. Given that he's prepared to keep that in mind, let's try again.   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   11:25, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 17) Support - Trevor MacInnis (Talk | Contribs) 17:10, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 18) S'port, see comment section. --Bjarki 17:14, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 19) Fir  e  Fo  x  17:39, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 20) Martin  17:44, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 21) Weak support I am concerned about the self-sysopping, but I'm sure it was done in good faith. Y0u (Y0ur talk page) (Y0ur contributions) 19:02, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 22) Support, I think a second chance is reasonable here. JYolkowski // talk 20:45, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 23) No reason to deny the mop and broom to a developer. --Tony Sidaway Talk 23:01, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 24) Support, those comments about sysop-ing himself and mass deleting images are silly.  Yub, plain silly.  However the prick deserved deopping because he himself is silly.  Of course that is a silly argument and the sillyness of this is far to great for me to comprehend.  So by all means give him sysop status. --Friðrik Bragi Dýrfjörð 23:26, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 25) Support -- ElBenevolente 00:15, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 26) Shanes 01:34, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 27) Strong Support. I am feel bad that I am opposing the votes of such heavyweights. For example, such as Kate, who created Kate's tool and offers solid logic, but anyone is entitled to a few mistakes (and his actions may not have been inappropriate?? -his explanations seem reasonable). Additionally, a person who has developer privileges is trusted to a higher level than is an admin. Editors are making too much of a "big deal" out of these details, I think: Denying Ævar admin status would be like telling a general that he doesn't have basic security clearance to be on base. Obviously, a general does have earned trust to do the most basic of things, exposing this logic as flawed. Therefore, I strongly support.--GordonWatts 01:45, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 28) Support I know Ævar as reasonable and willing to help person. --Monkbel 16:07, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 29) Support Trustworthy on the whole, unlikely to repeat past actions, and others have already pointed out the incongruity of a developer not having admin status. -- Curps 00:50, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Can you (or someone else) please explain why the ability to write and implement computer code automatically translates to the ability to properly perform administrative tasks — a role in which this particular developer has failed in the past? —Lifeisunfair 02:43, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Database access. This is a bit like telling a chef in a restaurant that he can't occasionally act as a waiter, because after all anyone who carries food on a tray might slip some poison into it on the way to the table. -- Curps 08:32, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't mean to degrade waiters in any way, but you seem to be implying that the position of "developer" is a higher rank than that of "sysop" (on a linear scale). You also seem to suggest that because someone technically can perform in a role (disregarding my use of the word "properly"), the only logical course of action is to sanction such participation.  I strongly disagree with all of this.  With your "poison" analogy, do you mean that Ævar already has the ability to damage Wikipedia (just as a chef already has access to the food), so we'd might as well let him loose and hope for the best?  If so, you're ignoring the concept of good faith.  The opposition to Ævar's adminship is based not upon a belief that he's malicious, but upon a belief that he lacks the ability to consistently employ proper judgement in the capacity of administrator — a position for which technical expertise is not a sufficient qualification.  In other words, we trust that Ævar has good intentions (and probably won't use his lock pick to enter the janitors' closet again, and certainly not on a regular basis), but we don't trust him enough to hand him the keys and encourage him to start mopping the place.  —Lifeisunfair 14:39, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Support. A developer without admin rights is, well, wrong. - Lucky 6.9 05:32, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, this has been said so many times I'm going to say something about it. Aevar is a developer. He can already do admin things, as he has done in the past and did again over the weekend. This RfA does not need to happen for him to have admin rights. This RfA is not about the admin buttons, or rights. That has already been granted. This RfA is about the other part of being an admin: does the community trust his judgement, his interactions, his behaviour, his general demeanour? I personally do not, and I do not think that, at present, I can endorse his judgement and interactions. I do not think that his general behvaiour lately fits with what I expect from an admin. That is entirely separate from thinking he is a good developer. It is no way incongruous for someone to be a dev, but not an admin. -Splash talk 14:00, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Still hot. Mike H (Talking is hot) 08:11, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oops, bugger. Your admin bit should have been switched straight back on IMO - David Gerard 15:57, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Support, Pavel Vozenilek 21:21, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Support, let's not be churlish about this :) - Haukur Þorgeirsson 16:02, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Support Good, friendly user who deserves adminship.  Erwin
 * 6) Support sometimes a bit too quick on the draw, but i'd trust him to look out for the best interests of wiki.  ALKIVAR ™[[Image:Radioactive.svg|18px|]] # 10:38, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Support - Guettarda 13:42, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) 'Support, proved himself reliable in good faith with his development work, was out-of-touch and didn't know how Wikipedia was supposed to work, now he does. silsor 00:34, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Support, this user deserves a second chance. Bishonen | talk 00:41, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Oppose
 * 1) Oppose. Per my comments above and below. I couldn't find a document saying what devs should and shouldn't do, I suppose it lurks in devdom somewhere. But Kate said it above. I'm deeply unhappy that you sysopped yourself today for no good reason in a completely non-emergency situation. It feels like having realised that being an admin is fun, thought you'd do the process retrospectively. That doesn't show the good judgement I'd like, I'm afraid. And there seems to be a little bit of immodesty, too, in your comment below, although you wouldn't be the only admin with that problem. (Minor point, but devs of all people shouldn't be transcluding signatures.) -Splash talk 23:15, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The situation at the time was that three users who should not have been created had been created due to a bug in the software, and in the time that I could find someone else and explain to hir why sie should permanently block three users that didn't appear to have done anything wrong (due to them taking over someone elses edit history) more of those users could have been created, there wasn't any immitiate danger from them making edits other than invalid entries in the database, but rather than let that happen I'd sysop myself and block them for the above reasons. I could also have just manually inserted an entry into the ipblocks table but that would have been a larger query, and a larger query is a bigger possibility for mistake. —Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason 23:49, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * There's still no reason why you had to sysop yourself without asking anyone, and that's what I dislike. There are 600 admins, many of them technically competent and available on IRC, and a whole bunch of developers. You could even have got yourself a Bureaucrat or a Steward to re-op you. There was no need to dispose of RfA, only to realise a few hours later that you'd really better fill in the gap; a decision that evidently occured on IRC since it's not on anyone's talk page. -Splash talk 00:02, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose From what I've seen of Ævar, he is a great developer, but I feel I must agree with Splash. The sysopping thing really bothered me, especially since you said that you couldn't wait for an admin to do it. That doesn't make any sense to me, you could just have contacted any one admin who was active at the time and had them do it. It wouldn't have taken long, and sysopping yourself is just way out of line. Also, I'm afraid, the image deletion is just way to much for me to be able to support (and it wasn't that long ago, it was in may for crying out loud). You don't need to be an admin to contribute either content or code gkhan 23:39, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) My impression of Avar is that he often acts on impulse, without considering the consequences of his actions, which is not a desirable trait in an administrator.  Regardless of his motives for these image deletions, he did (as I understand it) delete several images which were being used in articles, creating a significant amount of work for other people who had to restore these images from archives, or find replacements.  His mass deletion of anon talk pages seems somewhat strange; I could understand a proposal to delete, or perhaps blank, old anonymous users' talk pages, but wholesale deletion of them seems somewhat excessive--particularly since Avar only touched pages which he himself had edited.   Furthermore, I felt Avar's block of VeryVerily for violation of the 3RR was heavy handed and unnecessary, as well as out of line, since the 3RR blocking policy did not exist at that time.  Lastly, he removed the discussion of this issue on his talk page by "archiving" (deleting) the page.  I don't think the deletion of one's own user talk pages as a form of archival is appropriate for an administrator. Kate.
 * 3) I found all the business leading up to de-sysopping to be uncomfortably mysterious and inexplicable, despite attempted explanations. Andre ( talk ) 00:49, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Oppose, for the excellent reasons cited above (the mass deletion of images, the mass deletion of anonymous users' talk pages, the deletion of his own talk page, the self-sysopping, and the overall pattern of poor judgement). I see no reason why someone with such a spotty record should be trusted to effectively function as an admin (which, as Kate noted, is not comparable to being a developer).  —Lifeisunfair 03:33, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Oppose. Aevar has abused his position and should not be honored for it.  User:Zoe|(talk) 06:55, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Oppose. I don't know Ævar personally, but a few actions strike me as unworthy of adminship.  First, obviously, his actions in the past.  But also, I wonder about why he felt the need to bypass WP:VIP and other channels to re-sysop himself to block abusive users.  Were they corrupting the database?  Possibly.  But I can't see why he couldn't have posted on WP:VIP, or gone on IRC and requested a block- before I was an admin, I was able to get blocks within about a minute by simply asking someone in #wikipedia for a block.  While I certainly appreciate Ævar's work on Mediawiki, I see no reason why Ævar has gained community trust within this project.
 * — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ral315 (talk • contribs) 09:18, October 9, 2005
 * 1) Oppose The above users make good points, and I echo them with one addition. I believe that deleting one's own user talk page seriously undermines the transparency of the Wikipedia process. You could simply blank it, and "purge" it into the page history. With adminship, one is often dealing with users who do not understand the entire Wikipedia process due to their newness, stubbornness, intent to vandalize, etc. In answer to the image questions, you say that you'll go through the proper channels before deletion. But Ævar has shown to us quite recently by temporarily re-sysopping himself that he does not intend to constantly follow procedure. Actions speak louder than words, and while I respect his contributions on the Mediawiki and Icelandic side of things, but I'm afraid that his trustworthiness on en is yet to be determined by his actions. Bratsche talk 18:05, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Reluctantly oppose. He has many good contributions, and I don't want to discourage him, but I also must weigh the comments above and below showing this might be a bit hasty. Most specifically, recently using developer powers to delete his user pages, including all history. This has since been restored, but that action troubles me enough to oppose this nomination at this time. Jonathunder 23:35, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Oppose — the above users make good points. In addition, you haven't answered my question completely. If you deleted your user and talk pages to "archive" them, why didn't you explain so at the time? Why are telling that to us now? In addition, you haven't clarified exactly why you deleted your comments from IP address talk pages. You write "Furthermore I removed some old welcome messages of mine to anonymous like Nice work on William Farr School, You might want to create an account to get all the benefits of registered users and Quite impressive work on Rudy LaRusso you might want to create an account to get all the benefits of a logged in user. as well as old ban messages like You are blocked for the next 24hrs for repeted vandalism on Richard Stallman." Why? While I think you do excellent work as a developer, I don't think that you are ready for re-adminship by the community yet. Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk |  WS 00:18, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Oppose — When I tried to compromise on a controversial edit, Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason spurned my attempt at compromise. This is not the kind of behavior I expect from someone who is going to be an admin.  Samboy 01:53, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You seem like a reasonable protector of the environment based on your user page, and therefore you have gained my respect, but I must say, Samboy, that he made a valid point: The page is about feces, and anyone who gets there is responsible for viewing an image -even if it was an accident: The lesson learned for a "wrong click" far outweighs the problems associated with a repulsive image. Yes, we all make mistakes, and even if this were a mistake (which I don't think it is), I would oppose a broad generalization of a user based on one or two questionable edits. One must look at the broad view; Now, if you can show me a negative pattern of behaviour, such as we find in Calton's case (a user who has angered three registered users and one anon for constant reverting), then I would reconsider my vote. It is your move, and my ear eagerly awaits any feedback you might speak to it: Your view is valued and important.--GordonWatts 02:39, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I guess the point I should have made is that I don't feel that an admin should be making controversial edits. I feel that an admin should only step in when it is clear that two sides are not able to compromise on an issue.  In this particular case, I was frustrated because I felt that other editors, including Bjarmason, were not willing to compromise.  To be fair, he has only reverted the image a couple of other times on this page.  The problem is that an admin who has an interest in controversial pages may be less likely to have the objectivity that an admin needs.  I also remember him contributing to the Childlove movement discussions, andother extremely controversial article.  Thanks a lot for your kind words; your contributions are important also.  Samboy 06:34, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "Thanks a lot for your kind words" You're welcome. "your contributions are important also." Thank you. "I feel that an admin should only step in when it is clear that two sides are not able to compromise on an issue." That makes sense, but in your next sentence, you admit that "other editors, including Bjarmason, were not willing to compromise," which leads me to believe that he it was OK for him to step in. Nonetheless, you make a good point, when you say that "The problem is that an admin who has an interest in controversial pages may be less likely to have the objectivity that an admin needs." If this is the case, I would find that a problem. In fact, I was warned not to use admin powers on the Terri Schiavo page if I became an admin. I'm honest, and I would not have anyway, I hope people understand, but if Ævar has used admin powers where he has actively edited, I might reconsider my "support." To be clear, I can't monitor every page, so I'll simply take your word that you think he did this, and not criticize you for voting your conscience.--GordonWatts 15:23, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose. After being neutral for a while (see my comments in that section), I've decided to change my vote to oppose.  There's no single item that bothers me enough to do this, but the combination of things all adds up to a pattern in my mind of I'm above the rules.  I'm willing to say the image removal was all just an honest mistake, and the re-sysop-ing was probably completely harmless and done in good faith.  I still don't understand why he removed stuff from other user's talk pages, but there's probably no major harm done there.  The one that really gets me is deleting his own talk page.  Again, by itself, that probably wouldn't have convinced me, but it all adds up to a bad pattern.  --RoySmith 12:20, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose. Pretty much per Kate's response to Tito's vote. Adminship should be granted to anyone trustworthy, and developing and being an En admin are different. Actively giving reasons not to deserve that trust as has been done shouldn't be rewarded with adminship. Please keep up the development work, but giving yourself admin powers when not needed is over the top. - Taxman Talk 12:45, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Oppose. It might be a language barrier: I don't understand his mixture of Icelandic and English in his responses, and I'm not sure he understands peoples' concerns above when he responds to questions about deleting his pages by saying he "achived" them. It contributes to his difficulty on this Wikipedia, I think. CDThieme 15:05, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The fact that Ævar's remark was immediately followed by a winking emoticon leads me to believe that he precisely understood the disparity between deleting and archiving. (The comment "it's my way of archiving it;=)" reads differently than "it's my way of archiving it.")  As far as I'm concerned, Ævar's failure to address my explicit question regarding this matter — "Do you honestly believe that such an action is appropriate, despite the fact that it eliminates access to records of discussions (some of which include criticisms of your behavior)?" — removes any possible ambiguity.  (Note that the question was posted over a day ago, subsequent to which Ævar has edited this page twice.  He also has ignored Shimgray's question, which immediately precedes mine.)  —Lifeisunfair 16:38, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * He has also had a message from Shimgray regarding that question on his talk page, which he has neither responded to nor acted on. Such intransigence is not a feature I like in potential admins. -Splash talk 17:27, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose: for a number of reasons noted above. A developer is not a superset of an admin, or vice versa. He might make a fantastic developer yet not be a good admin, or vice versa. Exhibited behavior both here on this RfA and elsewhere is not encouraging. --Durin 17:05, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose. The three problematic actions taken together indicate that, unfortunately, the user should not be an admin. -DDerby- (talk) 03:13, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Oppose. Developer ~>= Admin. Once promoted, I'm constantly trying to get them to WP:IAR, but this history of behavior seems above and beyond even my fairly loose admin standards. -  brenneman (t) (c)  06:21, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Oppose, reasons stated by others. Everyking 06:23, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Oppose The opposition is persuasive. --Ryan Delaney talk 14:20, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Oppose, reluctantly. I like Ævar as a person, but he seems to be prone to acting rashly at times. IceKarmaॐ 22:49, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Oppose--Borisblue 22:56, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Oppose per Samboy. freestylefrappe 23:14, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Oppose, not enough quality edits (as I said once before). Charles Matthews 08:13, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Oppose. I agree with most of the opposition reasons above. I believe that a pattern of poor administrative decisions has been shown. Carbonite | Talk 15:31, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Oppose. Someone who thinks that deleting a talk page is a valid way of 'archiving' it should not have access to a delete button. --Aquillion 02:55, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Oppose, for all the reasons above but mainly his self-resysopping. --fvw *  16:44, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) Oppose. For the most part, I'm totally baffled by what happened with his de-sysoping, even after reading through the old logs, but I'd want to see evidence of good behavior in the recent past.  Re-sysopping himself is definitely not a good sign of that.  Given his disregard for other processes in the past and GDFL concerns with images, I would expect more caution from him.  I'd recommend that he reapply after a few months of good behavior.  --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 19:53, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You noted a lack of "good behavior in the recent past," and I share your concern. I'm especially bothered by Ævar's comments on this page (and lack thereof).  If he can't even take his nomination seriously, what does that tell us?  —Lifeisunfair 22:33, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose. I'm especially concerned about the talk-page thing;  the dubious precedent of deletion of talk page comments is getting to be pretty well-established:  the use of admin, or indeed, developer privs to do so really ought to be very strongly discouraged.  Alai 05:35, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose per Splash. This action really bothered me, I try to review all the actions of a RfA candidate, and rarely vote oppose. Being a developer is a serious responsibility, if we can't trust that one won't give permissions w/o prior approval, then I definately can't trust them as a sysop. Even though sysops have little power, it's not a power to be abused, there is always an alternative.  ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  08:31, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Neutral
 * Neutral (for now) (changing my vote, see the Oppose section). I'm a little concerned about a few edits made to anon user talk pages.  For example .  While I certainly agree with the sentiment, I think it's important to be unflaggingly polite; this note sounds a bit sarcastic to me.  Also, in, , , , etc, he removed welcome messages (albeit, his own) from anon user talk pages.  And in , did the same thing from a named user talk page.  I'm curious why he did that.  To be fair, I looked at a large number of his edits to user talk pages, and the vast majority of them seem perfectly reasonable, polite, etc.  The few I cited just stood out as being a bit strange.  --RoySmith 13:24, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * And, I forgot to mention, the self-sysop-ing really does bother me. It is always troubling when people take advantage of powers they have that other people don't, even for seemingly innocent reasons.  If this RfA goes down, will he just sysop himself again whenever it's convenient?  --RoySmith 13:28, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Comments
 * 1) Neutral I say wait a few weeks/months and see what happens. From what little i've seen and I know of this situation, it seems like we're too close to it to make a truly objective decision here. However, this vote is just a cursory one from looking at this page and some of the links from this page regarding the situation, I readily admit that I'm open to hearing more from either side of the dispute. Karmafist 12:51, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose Neutral.  (I'm not going to go through and strikethrough or edit comments because I simply don't have time, but the main issue I raised has been answered almost to my satisfaction, enough so that I don't feel comfortable having my name continue to reflect opposition.)  Originally I honestly came here with intent to vote Support or not vote at all.  But I decided to read through the entire discussion.  I found many things that made me want to support and several things that made me want to oppose, or at least vote neutral.  But in the end I saw something that I felt I really must speak out about.  Ævar, you state about deleting your user talk page that "when it's large and all the discussions on it are old, it's my way of archiving it."  Ævar, I recognize we may have a language barrier and I do not wish to put you unfairly on the spot, but do you know the exact definition of the word "archive"?  Archive does not mean "get rid of."  It means something more akin to "put in storage, out of the way, but still accessible for retrieval if necessary."  Deleting a page absolutely does not in any way archive it.  Moving it archives it.  Copying it elsewhere archives it.  I'll even accept that blanking it archives it, because it is still accessible in the page history.  But you absolutely just cannot call deleting a page "archiving" it.  It is important for everything that has transpired on your talk page to be accessible to any interested lookers.  That is a very important and cherished Wikipedia tradition.  You just cannot glibly say "I was archiving it" without doing severe injustice to the meaning of the word and, mor importantly, your credibility on Wikipedia. Jdavidb (talk) 03:52, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Just a couple of other comments.
 * What Durin said about edit summaries is very important to me. It's enough that without the issue of the talk page deletions I still could not vote to support you but would have to either vote neutral, comment, or abstain entirely.  You should always use an edit summary unless you have a very good reason not to, and let me add that you should make sure you use a descriptive and accurate edit summary and that means saying more than just the automatic summaries supplied during section editing.
 * Unlike many folks here, I am actually impressed by the discipline implied by self-sysopping and de-self-sysopping today. I still lack the proper context to have a complete perspective on this: I do not understand why it was so important, and I haven't yet read about the past history of your de-sysopping.  But my first take on the subject was, "Wow; if he is that well-behaved, and already has that power, why isn't he an administrator?" Jdavidb (talk) 03:52, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "Deleting a page absolutely does not in any way archive it. Moving it archives it..." This is a good point, but I have a question: Is it not true that it can be "undeleted?" If so, then it was truly archived. If, however, it is deleted an unable to be restored, then you complaint would be valid, and before I vote any way at all, I would seek an explanation from Ævar. This is an issue of discipline not unlike that you mentioned above, and it reflects the level of care a user has, as well as concern for others' feelings. I await feedback here too.--GordonWatts 04:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It has already been undeleted, and I've merged everything that's ever been written on my current user talk page to it. —Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason 04:35, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I take your answer at face value and trust that you are correct: I'm sure you would not trick me: Your answer is good, thus I continue my support for your nomination.--GordonWatts 04:37, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * But you haven't explained why you felt that it was appropriate to delete these discussions in the first place. The fact that the damage has been reversed doesn't mean that we should pretend that it never occurred.  —Lifeisunfair 04:57, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * No, Gordon, deleting a page is not tantamount to "archiving." It's more like "burying at a garbage dump, where it's accessible only to sanitation engineers."  The fact that it was possible for someone with special privileges (a sanitation engineer in my analogy) to recover the content doesn't change the fact that it was discarded.  —Lifeisunfair 04:57, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "...more like "burying at a garbage dump, where it's accessible only to sanitation engineers." The fact that it was possible for someone with special privileges (a sanitation engineer in my analogy..." Good analogy, Lifeisunfair, and I admit this is a worse action than I had thought, but, in the overall scheme of things, I don't consider the responsibilities of an admin that much higher than a regular editor, since both are expected to be very responsible and mature, so I'll still support him for admin. If his action is that bad, he should be up for RfC or something, but, barring that, he gets my support. Just my opinion.--GordonWatts 15:31, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * In terms of authority, an admin and an ordinary editor are equals. From a technical standpoint, however, the former is significantly more powerful.  Therefore, only editors who are widely trusted by the community are worthy of sysop status.  Having abused his powers several times in the not-too-distant past (and once again in the past week) — actions that he refuses to fully explain — Ævar has not earned this level of trust (IMHO).  —Lifeisunfair 16:30, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Neutral I am torn between your contributions and the reason why you were de-sysoped. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 01:52, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Neutral Same Reason as Zzyzx11 --JAranda'' | watz sup 22:45, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Awsome user —Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason 22:33, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Your usage of edit summaries over your last 500 edits is 61%. You used to be much higher. Please go back to using edit summaries as much as you can. --Durin 22:46, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Willdo;) —Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason 23:18, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Is this necessary? My understanding is that permanent removal of admin status can be done only by Jimbo, the Arbcomm, or at the request of the relevant admin. Unless one of those circumstances pertains, doesn't Ævar automatically get his admin status back once the temporary circumstance which motivated its removal has expired? -- Finlay McWalter |  Talk 22:48, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * A good point, I felt that it was fair to request adminship in this way to see if people actually wanted me as admin, rather than play that card. —Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason 23:18, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for replying. The reason I asked is that I didn't want someone to claim later that this vote as a de-facto endorsement of the principle that bureaucrats can permanently desysop someone. To forestall that, it would be helpful if you explicitly said that yo u consider your continued desysophood (after the image-del matter was resolved) to be voluntary. I appreciate that's almost what you said in your comment preceding this, but IMO it's best not to leave some future policy lawyer a chink of doubt. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 23:30, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This all happened before my time. As I read the diffs here (which I read before) you were desysopped for flagrantly deleting a large number of images and various other removals. You say you want to be a sysop again so you can delete images. Mmmmmmmm. You evidently have the power to re-sysop yourself at will and presumably could act as a sysop irrespective of this RfA. You have not until now done so. Why not? You re-sysopped yourself today, presumably entirely on your own authority, for the purpose of a few (needed) indefinite username blocks. You don't appear to have checked with anyone, even IRC, where you could easily have found a an admin or 30. You're going to have to help me out, here. And what does your comment above mine mean? -Splash talk 22:54, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * See the object section for my response to most of your comment, but what comment above yours are you talking about? —Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason 23:49, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The 'awesome user' comment. It's unbecoming to say the least. -Splash talk 00:02, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * That's actually a joke, (notice the link to "Appeal to authority"), I was under the influence of this comic when I wrote it: http://www.qwantz.com/comics/comic2-267.png —Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason 00:10, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Using words like "crap" and "suck" in edit summaries like here is I think not a good idea. No big deal, but you know. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 00:11, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * In this matter there is only one question that actually matters: What will further advance the development of Wikipedia, having Ævar as an administrator or not? Let us not forget it for one second that the purpose of this project is to build an encyclopedia, the community, its regulation creep and fancy procedures are but the means to reach that end. These rules are there for a reason however and of course they should be respected and user who do not seem able to respect them and continually disrupt Wikipedia ought not to have access to admin-tools and in severe cases be banned. Such actions are not meant as punishment but to prevent future damage, but I'm having the feeling that some people here are making the fundamental mistake of thinking that Ævar should not be made an admin as an "punishment" for his actions in the past, that is the wrong way of approaching this, the only relevant question is whether he is likely to damage Wikipedia in the future using admin-tools. My answer to that is no for the following reasons:
 * (1) His controversial actions in the past did not result in any actual "damage" to the project and there is no reason to assume he will do such damage in the future. Even if you are of the opinion that his actions have somehow damaged Wikipedia I ask you to weigh that perceived damage against all the positive janitorial work that he has surely carried out in English Wikipedia using admin-tools (not to mention the developer work and the work on the Icelandic Wikipedia), you will find that his contribution to Wikipedia is overwhelmingly if note completely positive.
 * (2) He has explained his controversial actions and I see no reason why we shouldn't assume good-faith. He sysopped himself for whole two minutes in order to tackle a technical issue, I frankly don't see why that is a big deal. He has recognized that he was out of line over the mass-deleting of images and apologized for that. The only thing that really bugged me was the deletion of his own talk page, that page has now been restored with every comment ever made there. Going through that page reveals nothing that Ævar ought to be ashamed for and his motives for deleting were hardly sinister although it was definitely a silly action on his part.--Bjarki 17:01, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Good points, except I think that one of those actions would have been more than forgivable, two who knows, but three establishes a pattern. De facto, adminship is harder to revoke than developer rights. - Taxman Talk 17:31, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speaking purely for myself, I have no desire to see Ævar "punished." He's a fine developer, and I look forward to benefiting from his continued contributions to the MediaWiki software.  You say that "his controversial actions in the past did not result in any actual 'damage' to the project," but I beg to differ.  He deliberately bypassed the proper channels by deleting numerous images, and he did so while many of them were in use in articles.  (He didn't even bother to remove them.)  As a result, several individuals were forced to divert time and effort from other tasks to repair the damage that Ævar caused.  You say that "there is no reason to assume he will do such damage in the future," and I simply cannot agree.  If Ævar truly had learned his lesson, he wouldn't have once again bypassed the proper channels by sysopping himself.  He continues to demonstrate a proclivity for violating important rules, and I see no reason not to assume that this would be carried over to various administrative functions (just as it has in the past).  You ask that we weigh Ævar's misdeeds against his positive contributions to the project, and I simply reject that argument.  If we can't hold sysops to a higher standard than "more good than harm," something is very wrong.  You say that "he has explained his controversial actions," but he certainly hasn't done so to my satisfaction.  I'm still waiting for him to answer my question from this very page (which he has deliberately ignored).  You point out that Ævar's talk page history has been restored, but you neglect to mention that this was performed by Jtkiefer, not by Ævar himself.  Again, as in the case of the mass image deletion, the fact that someone undid Ævar's damage doesn't mean that we should pretend that it never occurred.  —Lifeisunfair 02:43, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. Ironically, mostly deleting images, I move a lot of images to the commons and mark them with for someone else to clean up, I could do that myself now.
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A Nothing major, mainly small fixes here and there.
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * A. Minor disagreements about content here and there, but nothing major, one edit war I really felt like taking part in was the recent exclamation mark edit war over at Berwick-upon-Tweed, but I resisted the temptation;)
 * 4. {question by WikiFanatic} Ævar, you have previously been de-sysoped due to mass image deletion. How do you plan to persuade voters that you you have changed since your mass image deletion and de-sysopping?
 * A. First of all read this where I stated that I was out of line, rest assured that I'll go through the proper channels before doing anything like that again.
 * 5. (question by Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk |  WS) Reading Requests for de-adminship, it says that your actions have never been fully explained. If you don't mind, can you clarify why you performed your actions? Also, it says that this question has never been answered. Can you answer it now, and why didn't you respond to it back then? Thanks.
 * A. I've actually deleted my user [talk] page a lot in the past, my user page because I'm never happy with it so I frequently think it sucks, nuke it, and start again, and my user talk page when it's large and all the discussions on it are old, it's my way of archiving it;=) —Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason 00:06, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 6. {question by Shimgray} Ævar, this is a contentious nomination, and a lot of the objections have focused on the self-sysoping yesterday - regardless of this result, you'll still have the power to do that. If the RFA comes out against you, would you consider that to be a consensus request not to sysop yourself again on en.wiki? {question added on 9 October 2005 at 13:01 (UTC)}
 * 7. {question by Lifeisunfair} You stated above that the deletion of your talk page is your "way of archiving it." Do you honestly believe that such an action is appropriate, despite the fact that it eliminates access to records of discussions (some of which include criticisms of your behavior)? {question added on 9 October 2005 at 15:37 (UTC)}


text:
Used & Abused: In Live We Trust

Used & Abused: In Live We Trust is the first DVD release by Swedish heavy metal band In Flames, released on 18 June 2005. It was also released in a limited edition two-CD / two-DVD boxset.

Live at Sticky Fingers – 7 September 2004 (90 minutes)

 * 1) "F(r)iend" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 2) "The Quiet Place" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 3) "Dead Alone" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 4) "Touch of Red" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 5) "Like You Better Dead" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 6) "My Sweet Shadow" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 7) "Evil in a Closet" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 8) "In Search for I" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 9) "Borders and Shading" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 10) "Superhero of the Computer Rage" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 11) "Dial 595–Escape" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 12) "Bottled" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 13) "Behind Space" (Lunar Strain)
 * 14) "Artifacts of the Black Rain" (The Jester Race)
 * 15) "Moonshield" (The Jester Race)
 * 16) "Food for the Gods" (Whoracle)
 * 17) "Jotun" (Whoracle)
 * 18) "Embody the Invisible" (Colony)
 * 19) "Colony" (Colony)
 * 20) "Pinball Map" (Clayman)
 * 21) "Only for the Weak" (Clayman)
 * 22) "Trigger" (Reroute to Remain)
 * 23) "Cloud Connected" (Reroute to Remain)

Live at Hammersmith, London – 27 December 2004 (40 minutes)

 * 1) "Pinball Map" (Clayman)
 * 2) "System" (Reroute to Remain)
 * 3) "Fuckin' Hostile (Pantera Cover) / Behind Space" (Lunar Strain)
 * 4) "Cloud Connected" (Reroute to Remain)
 * 5) "In Search for I"  (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 6) "The Quiet Place"  (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 7) "Trigger" (Reroute to Remain)
 * 8) "Touch of Red"  (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 9) "My Sweet Shadow" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)

Soundtrack Tour 2004 - Live

 * 1) "Only for the Weak" (Clayman)
 * 2) "Clayman" (Clayman)

Hidden Bonus Video

 * 1) "Episode 666" (Whoracle) Live at Sticky Fingers: To see this video you need to skip to the next chapter while watching "Clayman" from "Soundtrack Tour 2004". Alternately, jump to title 4, chapter 1.

Live in Madrid

 * 1) "System" (Reroute to Remain)

Live in Australia/Japan

 * 1) "Dial 595 - Escape" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)

Soundcheck in London

 * 1) "Dial 595 - Escape" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)

Soundcheck in London

 * 1) "Touch of Red" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)

Promotional Videos

 * 1) "F(r)iend" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 2) "My Sweet Shadow" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 3) "Touch of Red" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)
 * 4) "The Quiet Place" (Soundtrack to Your Escape)

Jester TV – Universal Access (50 minutes)

 * About In Flames
 * Interviews with band members
 * About the Metallica show in Madrid
 * Behind "The Quiet Place" video shoot
 * Behind the "Touch of Red" video shoot
 * Other videos: "F(r)iend", "Evil in a Closet"
 * About the start of the "Soundtrack" tour 2004
 * Summer festival
 * "Like You Better Dead" at Metaltown
 * About the Japanese Tour
 * About the Australian Tour
 * L.A. – Roxy
 * About the Hammersmith concert
 * About the Judas Priest Tour
 * 666 at Scandinavium
 * Backstage tour
 * About the Sticky Fingers concert

Hidden bonus video

 * 1) "Borders and Shading": To see this video you need to skip to the next chapter while watching "Dial 595 - Escape" from "Videos: Live in Australia/Japan". Alternately, jump to title 8, chapter 1.

Unused footage
During the Hammersmith performance In Flames also performed: "Clayman," "Only For The Weak," and "Episode 666" which are not included on the DVD.

DVD disc three/CD disc one (Live at Hammersmith)

 * 1) Pinball Map (4:29)
 * 2) System (3:45)
 * 3) Behind Space (3:30)
 * 4) Cloud Connected (4:41)
 * 5) In Search for I (3:33)
 * 6) The Quiet Place (3:47)
 * 7) Trigger (4:40)
 * 8) Touch of Red (3:20)
 * 9) My Sweet Shadow (4:34)

DVD disc four/CD disc two (Live at Sticky Fingers)

 * 1) F(r)iend (3:26)
 * 2) Dead Alone (3:17)
 * 3) Like You Better Dead (3:38)
 * 4) Evil in a Closet (3:51)
 * 5) Borders And Shading (4:06)
 * 6) Superhero of the Computer Rage (4:02)
 * 7) Dial 595-Escape (3:32)
 * 8) Bottled (3:09)
 * 9) Artifacts of the Black Rain (3:08)
 * 10) Moonshield (4:27)
 * 11) Food for the Gods (4:09)
 * 12) Jotun (3:36)
 * 13) Colony (4:28)
 * 14) Only for the Weak (4:52)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Used & Abused: In Live We Trust


text:
Clyde Wilson

Clyde Wilson may refer to:
 * Clyde Wilson (politician) (1889–1971), British politician
 * Clyde H. Wilson (1889–after 1928), American college football and basketball coach
 * Slim Wilson or Clyde Wilson (1910–1990), American singer, songwriter, bandleader, and radio and TV personality
 * Clyde A. Wilson (1923–2008), American detective and private investigator
 * H. Clyde Wilson Jr. (1926–2010), American professor of anthropology
 * Clyde N. Wilson (born 1941), American professor of history, paleoconservative political commentator, writer and editor
 * Clyde Wilson (cyclist) (born 1959), Bermudian Olympic cyclist

title: Clyde Wilson


text: User talk:86.29.23.20

title: User talk:86.29.23.20


text:
Godwin Okpara

Godwin Okpara (born 20 September 1972) is a Nigerian former professional footballer who played as a defender. He was part of the Nigeria national team squads that participated in the 1998 FIFA World Cup, 2000 Africa Cup of Nations and the 2000 Summer Olympics.

Career
Okpara was outstanding at the 1989 U-17 World Championship, and moved to Belgian club Beerschot. After some years of relative success playing for Eendracht Aalst, including winning the Belgian Ebony Shoe, he moved to play in France for RC Strasbourg and Paris Saint-Germain. While at Strasbourg he won the Coupe de la Ligue in 1997, playing in the final. His second season with PSG was miserable, making him return to Belgium and Standard Liège. Okpara retired after the 2003–04 season.

Prison
In August 2005, Okpara was arrested by French police on charges of raping his 13-year-old adopted daughter. He was found guilty and imprisoned in June 2007 for thirteen years. His wife, Linda Okpara, was sentenced to 15 years in jail for torture of the same girl.

title: Godwin Okpara


text:
Juicebox (disambiguation)

A juicebox is a container for holding juice.

Juicebox may also refer to:

 * Juice Box, a media player from toy manufacturer Mattel
 * "Juicebox" (song), a 2005 song by The Strokes
 * Juicebox (TV series), a Canadian television series
 * Stingray Juicebox, a Canadian television channel
 * Juice Box Records, a UK record label from 1992 to 1998
 * "The Juice Box", a nickname for Minute Maid Park

title: Juicebox (disambiguation)


text: Category:Haute-Normandie

title: Category:Haute-Normandie


text: User talk:88.105.5.176

title: User talk:88.105.5.176


text:
Talk:Ischemic cascade

I
I don't know about the ischemic cascade in other tissues like the heart, so i limited this page to brain. If you know about other tissues, maybe you could add that in here, but i think a better idea would be to make this page be "Ischemic cascade in the brain" and make another page about the cascade other tissues. because the process in neural tissue is so different from other tissues, eg with anoxic depolarization. --Delldot 21:51, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Pretty much the same thing happens in all aerobic tissues. I have changed the article to reflect this. BTW,  good review. Pproctor 14:57, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

Numbering
Someone recently changed the bullet points to numbers.  I'd suggest changing it back, since the numbers might imply that the events are sequential; rather, many are concurrent or circular. Would anyone object to changing it back? delldot | talk 23:30, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

NXY-059
I removed this last part from the article ''However, NXY-059,  the disulfonate derivative of the radical-scavenging spintrap phenylbutylnitrone, has been reported to give neuroprotection in Phase III human trials. '' According to a more recent study, NXY-059 is not efficient. ''...however, the repeat study,found no difference between treated and placebo control groups on the same outcome measure (Hill, 2007; Shuaib et al., 2007). AstraZeneca has subsequently withdrawn NXY-059 from further development.'' Ref: Savitz, S.I.; A critical appraisal of the NXY-059 neuroprotection studies for acute stroke: A need for more rigorous testing of neuroprotective agents in animal models of stroke, Experimental Neurology 205 (2007) 20–25 Bobsodium (talk) 06:48, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Ok, thanks much for catching that!  delldot   talk  03:43, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

CoQ10
It is my understanding that CoQ10 offers some protection during an ischemic cascade, but I don't have any references for this. Presumably PQQ and other mitochondrial factors might as well... 67.198.37.16 (talk) 17:36, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Ischemic cascade


text: Template:WikiProject Washington Metro

title: Template:WikiProject Washington Metro


text:
Balaka

Balaka may refer to:

 * Balaka (Bengali poetry), by Rabindranath Tagore
 * Balaka District in Southern Region, Malawi
 * Balaka Township, Malawi, a city in the aforementioned district
 * Balaka (plant), a genus of palm trees
 * Biman Bangladesh Airlines
 * Balaka Cineworld, a movie theater in Bangladesh

title: Balaka


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gillette (singer)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Result: delete

Gillette (singer)
No Google hits, either for the artist or the song. Probable hoax. A "ski-by shooting"? Heh. Quicksandish τκ 21:52, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - not a hoax see here --MacRusgail 22:25, 10 October 2005 (UTC) p.s. Ski-by-shooting is real James Bond stuff.
 * Keep. Real rap singer with entry on allmusic.com. I don't know about the ski-by shooting or the chocolate but she recorded several albums on a major German label (ZYX) and had a hit single "Mr. Personality".  Depending upon what search term I combined with Gillette (e.g., ZYX, "Mr. Personality" or 20 Fingers), I got in the range of 1,000 Google hits. Delete, then per 23skidoo. -- DS1953 15:16, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - this is NOT the American singer who recorded "Mr. Personality" or "Short D*ck Man" who is cited in the two votes above and I cannot find anything to back up the information given in the article as it now stands. The American singer deserves an article, however. 23skidoo 22:58, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - how come I can only find info on her on a Swiss German site? --MacRusgail 20:37, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Hangars Liquides

Hangars Liquides, also known as HL, is a French electronic label. It was created by La Peste (aka fr:Laurent Mialon) in 1998. Initially Hangars Liquides was Speedcore-oriented but was quickly categorized as experimental music within the hardcore techno scene. HL quickly gained a very good reputation and has been played around the world in many different music scenes: industrial, noise, techno, acousmatic, hardcore, electronica, ambient and post rock.

Releasing artists such as I:gor and Neurocore from Poland, Senical (aka DJ choose) from Denmark, Bombardier from the US, Noize Creator from Germany, Venetian Snares from Canada, Jan Robbe from Belgium, and French artists such as Al Zheimer, XKV8, Helius Zhamiq, Fist of Fury, Attila, EPC, La Peste and more, the label became a reference in itself: a lot of electronic music tracks from other labels have been described as having a "Hangars Liquides sound" or "Hangars Liquides style". s Since 2000, the label has released many different genres from acousmatic music to power electronics and flashcore. Flashcore identifies a style that some of those experimental artists share and a manifesto explains the aim of HL's vision of experimental music.

Hangars Liquides also started to produce multimedia since 2001 when computer graphic artist Djehan Kidd joined the label to produce new media designed especially for the music.

The label has a streaming radio as a way to diffuse its new creations, the creations are also used in virtual reality worlds to produce an immersive gestalt listening experience for the visitors.

Artistic Directions taken by the label over time
After the year 2000, the label's artistic direction became very electroacoustic and acousmatic oriented, with a big influence from the likes of musicians like Bernard Parmegiani and Francois Bayle.

New media used by the label
Since 2007 Hangars Liquides has become a non profit organization, its corporate status is to help "create, produce and diffuse any kind of art" through cutting edge mediums that can be found within the range of software used for mediated realities (Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality), it has become an important content creator for providing immersive audiovisual experiences through Virtual Reality's leading platforms. In 2014 the virtual city of Hangars Liquides that was created by Djehan Kidd on Second Life was featured by the Guardian as "the world's largest cyberpunk city"

title: Hangars Liquides


text:
User talk:Ldh214

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Karmafist 21:53, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Ldh214


text:
1965 in art

Events from the year 1965 in art.

Events

 * March 19 – A record price of 760,000 guineas is paid at Christie's London auction house for Rembrandt's painting Titus.
 * May – Avant-garde artists Marta Minujín and Rubén Santantonín present La Menesunda in Buenos Aires, one of the first installations in art history.
 * September – Indica Gallery counterculture bookshop and art gallery opens in London.
 * October 7 – Release in the United States of the biographical film The Agony and the Ecstasy with Charlton Heston portraying Michelangelo.
 * December – Max's Kansas City nightclub opens in New York City; it quickly became a hangout of choice for artists and sculptors of the New York School and other members of the avant-garde.

Awards

 * Archibald Prize: Clifton Pugh – R A Henderson
 * John Moores Painting Prize – Michael Tyzack for " Alesso 'B' "
 * British sculptor Barbara Hepworth is created a Dame.

Works

 * Yaacov Agam – Double Metamorphosis II
 * Joseph Beuys – How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare (performance piece)
 * Salvador Dali - La Gare de Perpignan
 * Mark di Suvero – Bunyon's Chess (sculpture, Seattle)
 * Lucian Freud – Reflection with Two Children (self-portrait)
 * L. S. Lowry
 * Huddersfield
 * Industrial Scene
 * Miguel Miramontes – Equestrian statue of José María Morelos
 * Roman Opałka – 1965 /1 – ∞
 * John Petts – Birmingham, Alabama, 16th Street Baptist Church, West Window
 * Fairfield Porter – Elizabeth
 * James Rosenquist – F-111
 * Andy Warhol – Empire (film, released)
 * Carel Willink – To the Future
 * David Wynne – Busts of Joan Baez and Oskar Kokoschka
 * John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial (Portland, Oregon)

Births

 * January 21 – Robert Del Naja, English graffiti artist and trip hop musician
 * February 20 – Miriam Mone, Northern Irish fashion designer (died 2007)
 * March 9 – Brom, American illustrator
 * July 9 – Jason Rhoades, American installation artist (died 2006)
 * December 16 – Ellen Gallagher, American artist
 * date unknown
 * Hurvin Anderson, English painter
 * Tacita Dean, English-born visual artist
 * Andrea Fraser, American performance artist
 * Elizabeth Peyton, American portrait painter
 * Susan Philipsz, Scottish sound artist
 * Jessica Voorsanger, American-born visual artist
 * Alison Watt, Scottish painter
 * Andrea Zittel, American installation artist and sculptor

Deaths

 * January 3 – Milton Avery, American painter (born 1885)
 * January 7 – Anne Redpath, Scottish still life painter (born 1895)
 * January 27 – Abraham Walkowitz, American painter working in the Modernist style (born 1878)
 * January 30 – Bernard Fleetwood-Walker, English artist (born 1893)
 * February 18 – Yevgeny Charushin, Russian graphic artists (born 1901)
 * February 24 – Frank H. Mason, English marine and poster painter (born 1875)
 * May 7 – Charles Sheeler, American modernist painter and photographer (born 1883)
 * May 19 – Albin Polasek, Czech American sculptor (born 1879)
 * May 20 – Charles Camoin, French Fauvist painter (born 1879)
 * June 14 – Zoltán Kemény, Hungarian Swiss sculptor (born 1907)
 * June 21 – Piotr Buchkin, Russian painter and graphic artist (born 1886)
 * June 26 – G. David Thompson, American industrialist and collector of modern art (born 1899)
 * August 27 – Le Corbusier, Swiss-born French architect and painter (born 1887)
 * September 17 – Wilhelm Heise, German painter (born 1892)
 * October 19 – Edward Willis Redfield, American landscape painter (born 1869)
 * December 24 – Adolf Hyła, Polish painter and art teacher (born 1897)
 * December 27 – Edgar Ende, German painter (born 1901)
 * date unknown – George Barker, American painter (born 1882)

title: 1965 in art


text:
Ann Lowdon Call

Ann Lowdon Call (1945–2007) was a horsewoman and was the 2005 AQHA Select World Champion in Pleasure Driving. She was inducted into the National Cowgirl Hall of Fame in 2005.

Biography
Call was born to Robert and Maria Lowdon in Chicago, Illinois, on May 30, 1945. She wasn't born in Texas but often said she got there as quickly as she could. She graduated from the University of Texas at Austin with a major in physical education and Spanish. In 1971 she earned a master's degree in guidance and counseling from Brigham Young University. She married Rodger L. Call in 1970. They had two children, Katri and Rob.

Call began showing Palominos with her family in 1985, and she won the High Point Amateur Award at the Palomino World Championships in 1986. She began to show American Quarter Horses in the late 1980s. Call had been diagnosed with juvenile diabetes as a child, and in the 1990s she lost both of her legs to the disease. However, she continued to show Quarter Horses in pleasure driving. Call won the AQHA Reserve Champion Pleasure Driving award almost every year between 1998 and her death in 2007, and she was awarded the Select World Championship in 2005 and 2006, as well as being the Reserve High Point Pleasure Driving Amateur in 2006.

She died July 3, 2007, from complications of diabetes.

title: Ann Lowdon Call


text:
Plaquette

A plaquette ("small plaque") is a small low relief sculpture in bronze or other materials. These were popular in the Italian Renaissance and later. They may be commemorative, but especially in the Renaissance and Mannerist periods were often made for purely decorative purposes, with often crowded scenes from religious, historical or mythological sources. Only one side is decorated, giving the main point of distinction with the artistic medal, where both sides are normally decorated. They can usually be held within a hand. At the smaller end they overlap with medals, and at the larger they begin to be called plaques. They have always been closely related to the medal, and many awards today are in the form of plaquettes, but plaquettes were less restricted in their subject-matter than the medal, and allowed the artist more freedom.

History
The form began in the 1440s in Italy, but spread across Europe in the next century, especially to France, Germany and the Low Countries. By about 1550 it had fallen from fashion in Italy, but French plaquettes were entering their best period, and there and in Germany they continued to be popular into the 17th century. The form continued to be made at a low level, with something of a revival from about 1850.

The word plaquette is a 19th-century invention by the French art historian Eugene Piot. ''Les Bronzes de la Renaissance. Les Plaquettes'' by Émile Molinier of 1886 was the first large study, and these two between them defined the form as it is understood today. To Renaissance Italians plaquettes were known, along with other similar types of objects, by a variety of somewhat vague terms such as piastra and medaglietti, rilievi, or modelli.

Italy

Plaquettes grew from two rather different Italian origins. In Rome in the 1440s and 1450s they began as a way of reproducing the designs of classical engraved gems, by taking a wax impression of them. The Venetian Pietro Barbo (1417–1471) became a cardinal when his uncle was elected Pope Eugenius IV in 1431. He became an enthusiastic pioneer of this form, maintaining a foundry in his new Palazzo Venezia, and perhaps participating in the casting himself. These plaquettes had the same small size and classical subject matter as the gems they replicated.

Around the same time north Italian artists began making plaquettes, often much larger and with religious subject matter. Padua, already an important centre of metalworking, is seen by many historians as the crucial location. Two significant works, neither typical of later examples, were the self-portrait head by Leon Battista Alberti, oval and 20 cm high, and a slightly larger circular Madonna and Child with putti by Donatello (Victoria and Albert Museum, London). This remained highly unusual in that the reverse is concave and repeats the design. Other larger religious reliefs by Donatello were copied or adapted in a smaller plaquette format by other artists, probably including his own workshop. These grew out of a wider context of small religious images that represented mass-produced versions for the middle classes of the larger and unique religious art made for the rich and for churches. Also in the 1440s Pisanello was establishing the genre of the double-sided portrait medal, followed by Matteo de' Pasti and others. By the later decades of the century medals and plaquettes were being produced in most of the north Italian artistic centres.

Significant later artists included Moderno (as he signed many of his works), who was very likely Galleazzo Mondella, a goldsmith from Verona recorded in Rome around 1500. Some 45 plaquettes are signed by or attributed to him (and hardly any medals), and a number of members of his workshop have been identified by their styles. Andrea Riccio, Giovanni Bernardi, Francesco di Giorgio Martini, Valerio Belli, and Leone Leoni, are among the artists to whom a clear name can be attached. Many significant unidentified masters are given notnames by art historians, such as Moderno and Master IO.F.F., who often signed their works. Belli and Bernardi were the leaders in the luxury form of small intaglios engraved in rock crystal, and several of these were reproduced in plaquette form around 1520–40, some cast from wax impressions taken off the crystals. Riccio was also a sculptor of small bronzes, and his plaquettes tended to have a relatively high relief. He had a large workshop and many followers.

Germany
German production began in Nuremberg, around 1500, but by 1600 Augsburg was the main centre. German examples tended to draw their designs from prints, and were in turn frequently reused in other media, and perhaps more often produced primarily as models for other trades. The repeated reuse of moulds, and their distribution far from their place of making, are especially typical of south German plaquettes. Even fewer of the artists involved are known than in Italy. Production lasted well into the 17th century, when it became involved in the "Dürer revival", with several of his prints being turned into plaquettes.

France and the Netherlands
Further north plaquettes were produced from around 1550, initially under influence more from Germany than Italy. Artists (often Huguenot in France) included Étienne Delaune, who mostly lived in Strasbourg, and François Briot from Lorraine. François Duquesnoy from Brussels worked as a sculptor in Rome from 1618, and influenced Flemish plaquettes.

Later history
The form saw a small revival in the 19th century; examples from this period are typically rather larger than in the Renaissance. Artists such as, in America, Augustus Saint-Gaudens and Emil Fuchs made commemorative portrait plaquettes of figures such as Leo Tolstoy and Mark Twain (both by Saint-Gaudens).

Especially in France and Germany, commemorative plaquettes for industry and institutions involved a wide range of contemporary subject matter. A number of artists produced examples purely because they were attracted by the form, or the possibility of reaching a wider market. A number of regular awards by institutions chose the plaquette form, though often retaining "medal" in the name of the award. The circular so-called "death penny" (the Memorial Plaque) minted in the UK after World War I is a large twentieth-century commemorative example.

Materials and technique

As with medals, Renaissance plaquettes were normally made using the lost wax technique of casting, and numbers of copies were presumably normally made, although many now only survive in a unique copy, and perhaps never had others. The quality of individual castings can vary considerably, and the time and locations of individual castings from the same mould my vary considerably. Some designs can be shown to have had different generations of casts made from casts. Most are in bronze, but silver and gold, in solid or plated and gilded forms, are also found, as well as other metals. Often plaquettes with copies in precious metal also exist in bronze copies.

In early 16th-century Nuremberg, which was the main German centre, plaquettes, like other metalwork types of objects, were often made in the relatively plebeian material of brass, even by top artists like the Vischer family and Peter Flötner. Lead was also used, especially in German castings intended as artisan's models rather than for collectors.

From the 19th century onwards, cast iron was also used, especially in Germany. In Italy lead was also used for an initial trial cast. The castings were normally not worked much further with tools, beyond polishing and often giving an artificial patina.

Description
Only one side is decorated, giving the main point of distinction with the artistic medal, where both sides are normally decorated. Most are rectangular or circular, but other shapes are found, as in the example illustrated. Typical sizes range from about two inches up to about seven across a side, or as the diameter, with the smaller end or middle of that range more common. They "typically fit within the hand", as Grove puts it. At the smaller end they overlap with medals, and at the larger they begin to be called plaques.

Past
The purpose and use of decorative plaquettes was evidently varied and remains somewhat unclear; their creation and use is relatively poorly documented. Some were mounted in furniture, boxes or other objects such as lamps, and many examples have holes for hanging on walls, added later. Other copies have three or four holes, for holding in a setting. Religious subjects in a pair or set might be set into the doors of tabernacles, and many were used for paxes, sometimes after being given a frame. Some shapes were designed for particular roles such as decorating sword hilts, though perhaps not all copies made were used in this way. Others were framed for hanging, but many were probably just kept and displayed loose, perhaps propped up on a shelf or desk, or in drawers or boxes. Many images show signs of wear. Devotional images were probably often carried around in a pocket, a habit that became common with crucifixes in Florence after a plague in 1373. A large part of the market was probably other artists and craftsmen looking for models for other forms. Plaquette bindings are leather bookbindings that incorporate plaquette casts in gesso, often of designs that are also found in metal.

Plaquettes were also collected, and in particular 16th-century examples are often crowded with figures, making the scenes hard to read. They are best appreciated when held in the hand near a good light source, and were probably passed round when a collection was shown to fellow connoisseurs. The difficulty of reading the scenes, and an often obscure choice of subjects, suggest that a self-conscious display of classical learning was part of their appeal, for collectors and artists alike. They were one of the types of objects often found in the – normally male – environment of the studiolo and cabinet of curiosities, along with other small forms such as classical coins and engraved gems.

The artists who made them tended to be either sculptors in bronze, also making small figures and objects such as inkwells, or goldsmiths, who often practised in the related field of engraving. They were relatively cheap and transportable, and were soon disseminated widely across Europe, offering an opportunity for artists to display their virtuosity and sophistication, and promote themselves beyond their own city. The same factors, combined with their modern display behind glass, make them relatively little appreciated today. The moulds were also sometimes re-used at considerable distances from their time and place of creation, or new moulds were made from a plaquette. German 17th-century plaquettes were still being used as models for silverware in Regency London.

Plaquettes, like prints, played an important part in the diffusion of styles and trends in iconography, especially for classical subjects. Some drawings for plaquette designs survive; others copied prints, book illustrations and designs in other media, including classical engraved gems and sculpture. In Germany models in wood or limestone might be made. They were often made in sets, illustrating a story, or set of figures.

Present
Many awards are in the form of plaquettes.

The Swedish Film Academy's Silver Plaquette was awarded to filmmakers in some years between 1968 and 1994. current examples include plaquettes as awards for archery, tennis, community, and singing.

Collections
Many major museums have collections, which are not always given room in the gallery displays. The National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C., despite being essentially a collection of paintings, has what is recognised as the finest single collection, especially of Italian Renaissance work, which includes over 450 plaquettes, and is very well displayed on the ground floor.

The Washington collection of medals, plaquettes and small bronzes includes the leading French collection assembled by Gustave Dreyfus (1837–1914), which was bought by Samuel H. Kress (1863–1955). In 1945 the Kress Foundation added over 1,300 bronzes collected by the British art dealer Lord Duveen, and donated all its collection to the museum in 1957. Joseph E. Widener had already given the museum a significant collection in 1942.

The Wallace Collection in London has a good smaller display, as do the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Cabinet des médailles, Paris, the Hermitage Museum, the Ashmolean in Oxford, and a number of German museums, although the outstanding Berlin collection was lost in World War II. Not much of the British Museum's important collection is on display, nor that of the Vatican Museums.

The Bargello in Florence has some 400 plaquettes, about half from the collection of the Medici family, who played an important role in the development of the form. Most of the rest are from the collection of Louis Carrand, who bequeathed it to Florence. After that of Drefus, this is the next most important collection assembled in Paris in the 19th century and still intact. Paris was then the centre of plaquette collecting.

title: Plaquette


text:
Tau Gamma Phi

Tau Gamma Phi (ΤΓΦ), also known as Triskelions’ Grand Fraternity, is a fraternity established in the Philippines. Its members call themselves Triskelions.

Tau Gamma Phi is one of the largest fraternities in the Philippines in terms of membership. It has a sister sorority, Tau Gamma Sigma (ΤΓΣ), also known as the Triskelions' Grand Sorority.

History
The fraternity was founded on October 4, 1968, by students from the University of the Philippines Diliman. Originally known as the Order of the U.P. Triskelions, the organization later adopted the Greek-letter name Tau Gamma Phi.

In 1969, the fraternity established a chapter at the Philippine Maritime Institute. This was followed in 1970 by chapters at FEATI University, Mapúa Institute of Technology, and National University, in 1971 with a chapter at University of Santo Tomas, and in 1973 with chapters at Adamson University and the National College of Business Administration.

When martial law was declared on September 21, 1972, by the late Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, some university organizations including Tau Gamma Phi became targets of military harassment, believing that these school organizations posed a threat to the Marcos regime.

With martial law hindering most of its activities, the fraternity faced a decline in recruitment. In 1975, the fraternity explored the idea of including younger members. Recruitment began in the high school sector with the Junior Tau Gamma Phi (also known as the Junior Triskelions) founded at San Beda College–High School on February 7, 1974.

The fraternity celebrated its 45th founding anniversary in 2013, with President Benigno Aquino III offering an official message of congratulations to the organization.

Symbols
The fraternity's colors are gold and black. Its symbol is the Triskelion. Its pillars are Fortis Voluntas Fraternitas (Strength, Freewill and Brotherhood).

Hazing
Although the fraternity has released a public statement declaring the organization has a "no hazing" policy, several hazing deaths directly linked to the fraternity have been reported since 2006.

In a 2012 interview, Tau Gamma Phi founder Vedasto “Tito” Venida condemned the fraternity's practice of hazing, adding that the organization has already "taken so many innocent lives." In 2015, after the hazing death of a Western Mindanao State University student, the fraternity released a statement calling on all chapters to abide by their fraternity motto Primum Nil Nocere or "First, Do No Harm" and commit to avoid violence related to hazing. Still, three further hazing deaths have been reported since then.

List of confirmed hazing deaths
According to the ABS-CBN Investigative and Research Group, Tau Gamma Phi has the highest number of recorded hazing deaths among all Filipino fraternities, with 18 deaths as of October 16, 2023.

Rivalry with Alpha Phi Omega
Tau Gamma Phi has been involved in several fatal clashes with long-standing rival fraternity Alpha Phi Omega:

 * On August 30, 1977, UP Diliman student and APO member Rolando Abad was killed in a clash with rival members of Tau Gamma Phi.
 * On February 21, 1994, Central Colleges of the Philippines (CCP) student Fernando Obrino, a member of Tau Gamma Phi, died at St. Luke's Medical Center after being mauled by four members of APO (also students of CCP) in Cubao, Quezon City.
 * On October 24, 2004, police found the body of 33-year-old Ronaldo De Guzman on a bench outside National University in Manila. De Guzman was an elder of the Scouts Royale Brotherhood, which police identified as the youth arm of Alpha Phi Omega. Witnesses reported four gunmen, who were identified as members of Tau Gamma Phi, threatening the younger members before shooting De Guzman three times in the face.
 * On March 20, 2008, a grenade targeting members of Tau Gamma Phi exploded in front of La Consolacion College Manila, leaving 22 people injured. Police blamed fraternity rivalry as the motive behind the explosion, but initially refused to identify the perpetrators' organization. On November 9, 2010, then-justice secretary Leila de Lima tagged APO as the culprit in the grenade attack.
 * On December 18, 2009, San Sebastian College student and APO member Cromwell Duka, Jr. was fatally stabbed in the school cafeteria by fellow student Efrain Lim, a member of Tau Gamma Phi.

Police investigators also believe that Tau Gamma Phi members were the intended targets of the grenade that exploded in the 2010 Philippine Bar exam bombing, that injured 47 people. One member of Alpha Phi Omega was indicted for the crime.

Rivalry with Alpha Kappa Rho
Since 1990, Tau Gamma Phi's rivalry with Alpha Kappa Rho, particularly in Cebu, has escalated to the point where police and local government officials have intervened and organized peace talks several times between the two fraternities: in 2002 by the Cebu City government, in 2005 by the Cebu provincial government, and in 2006 by the Cebu Provincial Police Office.

Documented cases of clashes and killings between the two fraternities include the following:

 * In 2003, the provincial vice president of AKRHO was murdered by alleged Tau Gamma Phi members along Sanciangko Street in Cebu City. Tau Gamma chapter president Jayber Oyon-Oyon was arrested in suspicion of the murder.
 * On August 6, 2005, a Tau Gamma Phi chapter president was shot and killed by an unknown assailant in Lapu-Lapu City. Police tagged fraternity rivalry with AKRHO as the primary motive for the killing. Before the shooting, Tau Gamma Phi members were allegedly warned AKRHO was planning to kill someone as halad (sacrifice) for their anniversary on August 8.
 * On August 28, 2005, a Tau Gamma Phi member was shot by a fugitive AKRHO member in Cebu City.
 * On October 4, 2007, several alleged members of Tau Gamma Phi were killed and wounded in a drive-by shooting perpetrated by Aristotle Aves, whom the Cebu police have tagged as an AKRHO hitman. Because the shooting coincided with Tau Gamma Phi's anniversary, police believe that it was in retaliation for a 2006 shooting incident that killed an AKRHO member during their anniversary celebrations.
 * On June 5, 2022, Tau Gamma Phi fratmen shot and wounded a member of AKRHO after an altercation between the groups in Minglanilla, Cebu.

Several other cases of Tau Gamma Phi and AKRHO members being murdered in Cebu have been documented, however, the identity of the perpetrators and motive could not be positively identified or have been intentionally withheld.

Notable members

 * Alvin Aguilar – martial artist and founder of DEFTAC Philippines
 * Raymond Almazan – professional basketball player for the Meralco Bolts
 * Bong Alvarez – retired professional basketball player
 * Jobert Austria – actor and comedian
 * Nathan Azarcon – musician and founding member of Rivermaya and Bamboo
 * John Riel Casimero – professional boxer
 * JM de Guzman – actor, model, and singer
 * JC Intal – former professional basketball player
 * Pancho Magno – television actor
 * Jiro Manio – film and television actor
 * Luis Manzano – host, actor, comedian, VJ, and model
 * Jao Mapa – film and television actor and painter
 * Eumir Marcial – Olympic-medal winning boxer
 * Joseph Marco – actor, model and singer
 * Lito Mayo – graphic artist and printmaker
 * Buwi Meneses – bassist for Parokya ni Edgar and formerly for Franco
 * Vhong Navarro – comedian, actor, dancer, recording artist, and television host
 * Victor Neri – actor, singer, and chef
 * Diether Ocampo – actor, singer, model, and military officer
 * RJ Padilla – film and television actor
 * Ion Perez – actor, model, and television host
 * Vandolph Quizon – actor, comedian and councilor of the 1st district of Parañaque
 * Ralph G. Recto – former senator and current representative of the 6th district of Batangas
 * Oyo Boy Sotto – film and television actor
 * Jose "Bong" Teves Jr. – Deputy Majority Leader of the House of Representatives
 * TJ Trinidad – film and television actor
 * Joel Villanueva – incumbent senator

title: Tau Gamma Phi


text:
Ronald Inglehart

Ronald F. Inglehart (September 5, 1934 – May 8, 2021) was an American political scientist specializing in comparative politics. He was director of the World Values Survey, a global network of social scientists who have carried out representative national surveys of the publics of over 100 societies on all six inhabited continents, containing 90 percent of the world's population. The first wave of surveys for this project was carried out in 1981 and the latest wave was completed in 2019. From 2010 Inglehart also was co-director of the Laboratory for Comparative Social Research at the National Research University - Higher School of Economics in Moscow and St Petersburg. This laboratory has carried out surveys in Russia and eight ex-Soviet countries and is training PhD-level students in quantitative cross-national research methods. Inglehart died on 8 May 2021.

Using data from the World Values Survey, he created a model of cultural dimensions which has two axes: secular-rational values versus traditional values and self-expression values versus survival values. The data has been often visualized in the form of the Inglehart–Welzel cultural map of the world, which has been described as "one of the most famous pieces of Inglehart's research tradition".

In the seventies Inglehart began developing an influential theory of Generational Replacement causing intergenerational value change from materialist to post-materialist values that helped shape the Eurobarometer Surveys, the World Values Surveys and other cross-national survey projects. Building on this work, he subsequently developed a revised version of Modernization theory, Evolutionary Modernization Theory, which argues that economic development, welfare state institutions and the long peace between major powers since 1945, are reshaping human motivations in ways that have important implications concerning gender roles, sexual norms, the role of religion, economic behavior and the spread of democracy.

Writings
Ronald Inglehart's numerous writings have become extremely influential, with translations published in German, Italian, Spanish, French, Swedish, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Polish, Croatian, Japanese, Chinese, Vietnamese, Korean, Persian, Urdu and Indonesian. Brief descriptions of some of his most influential works include:

The Silent Revolution
In The Silent Revolution (1977) Inglehart discovered a major intergenerational shift in the values of the populations of advanced industrial societies.

Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society
Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990). Economic, technological, and sociopolitical changes have been transforming the cultures of advanced industrial societies in profoundly important ways during the past few decades. This ambitious work examines changes in religious beliefs, in motives for work, in the issues that give rise to political conflict, in the importance people attach to having children and families, and in attitudes toward divorce, abortion, and homosexuality. Ronald Inglehart's earlier book, The Silent Revolution (Princeton, 1977), broke new ground by discovering a major intergenerational shift in the values of the populations of advanced industrial societies. This new volume demonstrates that this value shift is part of a much broader process of cultural change that is gradually transforming political, economic, and social life in these societies. Inglehart uses a massive body of time-series survey data from twenty-six nations, gathered from 1970 through 1988, to analyze the cultural changes that are occurring as younger generations gradually replace older ones in the adult population. These changes have far-reaching political implications, and they seem to be transforming the economic growth rates of societies and the kind of economic development that is pursued.

Modernization and Postmodernization
In Modernization and Postmodernization (1997) Inglehart argued that economic development, cultural change, and political change go together in coherent and, to some extent, predictable patterns. Inglehart theorised that industrialization leads to related changes such as mass mobilization and diminishing differences in gender roles. Changes in worldviews seem to reflect changes in the economic and political environment, but take place with a generational time lag. Following industrialization, advanced industrial society leads to a basic shift in values, de-emphasizing instrumental rationality. Postmodern values then bring new societal changes, including democratic political institutions and the decline of state socialist regimes.

Rising Tide
Written with Pippa Norris, Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World (New York and Cambridge:  Cambridge University Press, 2003) examines how the twentieth century gave rise to profound changes in traditional sex roles. This study reveals how modernization has changed cultural attitudes towards gender equality and analyzes the political consequences. It systematically compares attitudes towards gender equality worldwide, comparing almost 70 nations, ranging from rich to poor, agrarian to postindustrial. This volume is essential reading to gain a better understanding of issues in comparative politics, public opinion, political behavior, development and sociology.

Sacred and Secular
Inglehart's 2004 book with Pippa Norris, Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide reexamines the secularization thesis. This book draws on a base of new evidence generated by four waves of the World Values Survey executed from 1981 to 2001 in eighty societies, covering most of the world's major faiths. Examining religiosity from a broader perspective and in a wider range of countries than have been done before, this book argues that religiosity persists most strongly among vulnerable populations, especially those in poorer nations and in failed states, facing personal survival-threatening risks. Exposure to physical, societal and personal risks drives religiosity. Conversely, a systematic erosion of traditional religious practices, values and beliefs may have occurred among the more prosperous strata in rich nations. But at the same time, a growing proportion of the population—in both rich and poor countries—spends time thinking about the meaning and purpose of life. It is argued that in developed countries, the established churches are losing their ability to tell people how to live their lives, but spiritual concerns, broadly defined, may be becoming increasingly important.

Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy
Written with Christian Welzel, Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence (2005) demonstrates that people's basic values and beliefs are changing, in ways that affect their political, sexual, economic, and religious behavior. These changes are roughly predictable because they can be interpreted on the basis of a revised version of modernization theory presented here. Drawing on evidence from societies containing 85% of the world's population, the authors argue that modernization is a process of human development, in which economic development triggers cultural changes that make individual autonomy, gender equality, and democracy increasingly likely.

Cosmopolitan Communications
Written with Pippa Norris. In Cosmopolitan Communications: Cultural Diversity in a Globalized World (New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009) he argues that societies around the world have experienced a flood of information from diverse channels originating beyond local communities and even national borders, transmitted through the rapid expansion of cosmopolitan communications. For more than half a century, conventional interpretations, Norris and Inglehart argue, have commonly exaggerated the potential threats arising from this process. A series of fire-walls protect national cultures. This book develops a new theoretical framework for understanding cosmopolitan communications and uses it to identify the conditions under which global communications are most likely to endanger cultural diversity. The authors analyze empirical evidence from both the societal level and the individual level, examining the outlook and beliefs of people in a wide range of societies. The study draws on evidence from the World Values Survey, covering 90 societies in all major regions worldwide from 1981 to 2007. The conclusion considers the implications of their findings for cultural policies.

Cultural Evolution
The book Cultural Evolution: People's Motivations Are Changing, and Reshaping the World (Cambridge University Press, 2018) updates the results and theories published in Inglehart's previous books, presenting the first full statement of Inglehart's Evolutionary Modernization theory, describing how social values and human priorities have evolved through history as a consequence of rising existential security. The book culminates with an explanation of the recent rise of xenophobic authoritarian populist parties, driven by rapid cultural change, large-scale immigration and rapidly-rising economic inequality due to an inherent tendency for knowledge societies to have winner-takes-all economies. On December 16, 2018, Fareed Zakaria chose Cultural Evolution as his book of the week, describing it as "really brilliant work. The presentation is based on longitudinal survey data from more than a hundred countries in the World Values Survey collected in six waves from 1981 to 2014. Evolutionary modernization theory holds that economic and physical insecurity elicits an authoritarian reflex leading to xenophobia, strong in-group solidarity, authoritarian politics and rigid adherence to traditional cultural norms. Modernization and economic development have led to a degree of security in many countries after World War II where people take survival for granted. This has led to decreasing authoritarianism and the rise of Postmaterialist Values: egalitarian norms, secularization, tolerance of foreigners, gender equality, and tolerance of divorce, homosexuality, and abortion. The existential security and the egalitarian norms that develop under the feeling of security are necessary for democracy to develop. The freedom of choice in postmaterialist societies also leads to improved happiness. Inglehart now sees a backlash in terms of increasing authoritarianism, political populism, and erosion of democracy as a consequence of the decreasing economic security that follows the growing economic inequality.

Trump and the Populist Authoritarian Parties: The Silent Revolution in Reverse.
The essay 'Trump and the populist authoritarian parties: the silent revolution in reverse' is a piece co-written by Ronald Inglehart and Pippa Norris and explores the themes that led to the rise in Populist parties in the modern world. This is explored through various examples, such as Brexit, France's National Party and the rise of Trumpism in the Republican Party in the USA. Inglehart states that the economic gains of the last 3 decades have gone almost entirely to those at the top, whilst those lower down the ladder have instead dealt with declining real wages as well as cutting costs decreasing the security of their jobs. Inglehart and Norris also explain two questions that arise during their piece, the first being what motivates people to support populist parties, and why have the votes for populist parties risen so high compared to three decades ago.

Awards and recognitions
Inglehart has received the following honors:
 * Doctor, honoris causa, Uppsala University, Sweden, 2006.
 * Doctor, honoris causa, Free University of Brussels, Belgium, 2010.
 * Doctor, honoris causa, University of Lüneburg, Germany, 2012
 * Fellow, The American Academy of Political and Social Science
 * Fellow, The American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 * Winner of Johan Skytte prize in Political Science, 2011.

title: Ronald Inglehart