text:
Earby

Earby is a town and civil parish within the Borough of Pendle, Lancashire, England. Although within the boundaries of the historic West Riding of Yorkshire, Earby has been administered by Lancashire County Council since 1974 and regularly celebrates its Yorkshire roots. It is 5 mi north of Colne, 7 mi south-west of Skipton, and 11 mi north-east of Burnley. The parish had a population of 4,538 recorded in the 2011 census,

History
From 1909 to 1974, Earby formed an urban district. Since 1974, Earby has been in the West Craven area of Pendle, has a town council and is part of the West Craven Area Committee on Pendle Borough Council.

The Yorkshire Dales Lead Mining Museum was based in the old Grade II* listed Grammar School building; it closed in January 2016. The Robert Windle's Foundation, a charity established in the 1600s and original owners of the building, have now taken back control and are working to establish a community hub and café for the benefit of the residents of the locality.

Transport
The town has a daily bus service (280) between Preston and Skipton, operated by Stagecoach Merseyside & South Lancashire, together with a daily bus service (M5) from Barnoldswick to Burnley provided by the Burnley Bus Company.

Earby railway station once served the town on a route between Colne and Skipton, but it was closed in 1970. The station was an interchange with a small branch to Barnoldswick, which closed five years earlier. Passengers must now travel via Skipton for trains serving North and West Yorkshire or via Colne/Clitheroe for trains serving Lancashire; services are operated by Northern Trains.

Local media
Earby is served by television from both Leeds and Manchester; ITV (Yorkshire Television) and BBC Yorkshire are both transmitted from the television mast at East Marton, 3 mi north of Earby. BBC North West and ITV (Granada Television) are both received directly from the main Winter Hill transmitter. The BBC has a relay that overlooks Earby and has the four main BBC national FM radio stations (Radio 1 to 4). Fresh Radio in Skipton covers the area on MW 1413 kHz.

The local press is published weekly; the Barnoldswick and Earby Times is published on Fridays and is covered at Pendle Today. Some of the Yorkshire press is circulated in the area – due to the geographical proximity. The Craven Herald & Pioneer and Yorkshire Post are prominent.

In 2012, a local radio station was broadcast for the first time: West Craven Community Radio, an online based station serving the community of West Craven area of Pendle and beyond, including listeners afar as San Francisco and Malaysia. The station, run by non-paid volunteers, was originally broadcast three days a week. In December 2012, it was broadcasting on four days a week including Friday evenings. In 2013, it was hoping to raise enough money for an FM licence from Ofcom. However, there is no current radio station on analogue radio licensed specifically for Earby as a commercial radio station and no community radio station for the same area with a licence from Ofcom.

title: Earby


text:
Tex Willer

Tex Willer is the main fictional character of the Italian comics series Tex, created by writer Gian Luigi Bonelli and illustrator Aurelio Galleppini, and first published in Italy on 30 September 1948. The series is among the most popular Italian comics, with translations into numerous languages around the world. The fan base in Brazil is especially large, but it is very popular also in Finland, Norway, Greece, Turkey, Croatia, France, India, Serbia, Bosnia, Israel and Spain. Issues have also been published in the United Kingdom and the United States. The Tex series is an Italian-made interpretation of the American Old West, inspired by the classical characters and stories of old American Western movies, and occasionally by American history. Galleppini also took inspiration from Sardinia, where he grew up.

Tex is depicted as a tough man with a strong personal sense of justice, who becomes a Texas ranger (even if living in Arizona) and defends Native Americans and any other honest character from the greed of bandits, unscrupulous merchants and corrupt politicians and tycoons.

Native Americans are portrayed in a complex way, emphasizing positive and negative aspects of their culture. The same can be said of the American authorities, such as the U.S. Army, politicians, businessmen, sheriffs or the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Tex had a son, Kit (who also became a ranger), with a Native American woman, Lilyth, the daughter of a Navajo chief; Lilyth died of smallpox early in the series, but remains a recurring character in flashbacks. Later, Tex himself went on to become the Chief of the Navajo tribe.

Tex is not only featured in a monthly comic book series, but also in a special series called Tex Albo Speciale (sometimes called Texone, meaning 'big Tex', because of their bigger size). The Texone comic books have around 240 pages and some artists known outside the Tex universe have been involved, like Jordi Bernet, Joe Kubert and Ivo Milazzo.

Fictional character background
Tex Willer's first adventure appeared on 30 September 1948, as a comic strip. The "first" Tex is an unwilling outlaw with a strong code of honour: he kills only for self-defence. Almost immediately, however, Tex becomes a ranger. Because of his marriage with the beautiful Navajo woman Lilyth, he becomes Chief of the Navajos, known as Aquila della Notte (Eagle of the Night), and a defender of Native American rights. He also becomes the respected Indian agent of the Navajo tribe. Tough, loyal, a skilled shot, and an enemy of prejudice and discrimination, Tex is very quick and smart and has a marked disregard for strict rules; however, he has no pity for criminals of any stripe, nor regard for their rights if they do not immediately cooperate with the law.

Tex's closest friend in almost every adventure since becoming a ranger, is Kit Carson, loosely inspired by the historic figure of the same name. A main role has been held by Tex Willer's son, Kit Willer, and by the Navajo warrior Tiger Jack; though the importance of the last two has diminished. Other recurring characters include El Morisco (a kind of warlock-scientist of Egyptian origin, living in north-eastern Mexico), the Mexican Montales (originally a bandido who fought against a corrupt government, and afterwards a successful politician), the Canadian trapper Gros-Jean, the Irish boxer Pat Mac Ryan, the Mountie Colonel Jim Brandon, San Francisco Police Department Captain Tom Devlin, the Apache chief Cochise, and the Navajo wizard Nuvola Rossa (Red Cloud).

Tex Willer's nemesis is Mefisto, an evil magician and illusionist. Other enemies include Yama (Mefisto's son), The Black Tiger (a Malay prince who hates the white race and wants its annihilation in the United States), and Proteus (able to shapeshift his own face, and impersonate other people).

During the American Civil War Tex fought for the Union, although his home state, Texas, sided with the Confederacy. He participated in the Battle of Glorieta Pass and briefly served in the 7th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry.

Main characters

 * Tex Willer, the protagonist, a Texas ranger, chief of the Navajo tribe and also the Bureau of Indian Affairs agent of the Navajo Reservation. Born in the Nueces Valley in Texas, Tex grew up in a ranching family with his father Ken and younger brother Sam. His mother Mae died when Tex and Sam were children. Tex lost his father Ken to a gang of cattle thieves, and becomes an outlaw when he follows the thieves to Mexico and kills them. He later sells his part of the ranch to his brother and leaves. Sam later sells the ranch and moves to Culver City, planning to buy a bigger ranch; he is then killed by the town's lordling, Tom Rebo. Before becoming a Texas ranger, Tex officially lives as an outlaw but avoids committing any crime if not for self-defense, trying to clean up his name. Tex Willer is physically modeled after actor Gary Cooper.
 * Kit Carson, Tex's best friend and mentor as a ranger, loosely based on the historical Kit Carson. He is older than Tex (his real age is never revealed, but he is described and depicted as being around 55 years old) and a famous frontiersman, respected both by Americans and Native Americans – the latter know him by the name Capelli d'Argento (Silver Hair) because of his grey hair. He has lifelong experience as an explorer and pioneer of the Western frontier, but he has travelled nearly the entire U.S. territory and has a deep knowledge of its Native people and geography, which makes him a sort of living legend. As a former military man, he is also the tactically most skilled among the main characters.
 * Kit Willer, Tex's son, named after his godfather Kit Carson. He is around 25 years old. He was born in the Navajo village where Tex resides and his father sent him to a Christian mission near the Navajo reserve. Initially, Tex wants him to attend a military academy, but as Kit wants to live freely among the Natives, Tex and Tiger Jack teach him frontier life and how to deal with guns and outlaws. Later, Kit becomes a Texas ranger himself. He is young and sometimes reckless, but also the most learned among the characters: for example, he recognizes the Greek 'pi' (π) used by a criminal as his sign and connects it to the name of the Greek god Proteus.
 * Tiger Jack, the most respected Navajo warrior and the second-in-command of the Navajo people, after Tex. He is a brave warrior, proud of his origins and faithful to the Navajo people's traditions and culture. He is the greyest of the main characters: he is the only one who, in the entire series (supplements included), knowingly opens fire towards an unarmed enemy, and it has repeatedly been implied that he would torture or kill women if needed — something nor Tex, nor Kit Carson, not Kit Willer would do. Born in a village in the Navajo mountains, before becoming Tex's friend Tiger has a girlfriend, Taniah, kidnapped by a Mexican outlaw, and who eventually takes her own life during captivity.

Recurring friends and allies

 * Montales, former Mexican bandido, soldier and official of the rebel army, and current governor of the state of Chihuahua and vice-president of Mexico. "Montales" is his surname, while his real name has never been revealed.
 * El Morisco (real name: Ahmed Jamal), a warlock, scientist, naturalist and doctor from Memphis, Egypt, who lives in Pilares, Mexico, with his faithful assistant Eusebio. Although a pure scholar and not a man of action, he is Tex's main ally and consultant when the ranger has to face occultism, black magic, and necromancy. El Morisco is altruistic and completely devoted to his research, but the people of Pilares fear him and call him el brujo, "the Sorcerer".
 * Gros-Jean, Canadian metis, former outlaw and current trapper working in Canada.
 * Jim Brandon, Colonel of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in Canada.
 * Cochise, chief of the Apache Chiricahua tribe, loosely based on the historical figure.
 * Tom Devlin, police captain in San Francisco, California.
 * Pat MacRyan, an Irish boxer.
 * Lefty Potrero, owner of a gym and health club in San Francisco.
 * Nat MacKennet, sheriff in New Orleans.
 * Ely Parker, head of the Federal Commission on Indian Affairs from 1869 to 1871.
 * Ulysses S. Grant, General of the US Army and President of the United States from 1869 to 1877.
 * Nuvola Rossa (Red Cloud), a Navajo shaman.
 * Lilyth, Tex's deceased Navajo wife and Kit's mother. She was daughter to Freccia Rossa (Red Arrow), Navajo's chief at the time when Tex met Lilyth.
 * Lena and her daughter Donna Parker: Lena is a former singer in the saloon of Bannock, Montana, who now runs an inn in Heaven, Nevada; she is a former love interest to Kit Carson and it is implied that her daughter Donna – who she raised alone for twenty years – may in fact be Kit Carson's daughter. Donna Parker, on her hand, is a love interest to Kit Willer.
 * The "Innocents": loosely based on the criminal gang of the same name, the Innocents steal gold in Montana during the gold rush and are responsible for the killing of many miners. A young Kit Carson is sent to investigate. Although the gang is eventually destroyed by Carson, the plot line is a recurring one in Tex.

Main enemies or recurring

 * La Mano Rossa (The Red Hand), a criminal cartel of five people, and the first enemies faced by Tex. Its members are called Stone, Burke, Welles, Topler, and Randall; Mr Bannion, a banker, is their informant.
 * Fred Brennan and Jim Teller, two Arizonian businessmen who used to sell guns and whiskey to Navajos; seeking revenge upon Tex for having taken down their business, they send smallpox-infected blankets to the Navajo village, killing tens of people. As Tex himself is absent from the village with his young son Kit, the two Willers avoid the infection, but the disease kills Lilyth, Tex's wife.
 * Mefisto (real name: Steve Dickart): originally an illusionist and a trickster, and secretly a spy working for Mexico, he later forms an alliance with evil powers and underworld demons and becomes a warlock. He has a sister, Lily, and a son, Blacky, later a warlock himself and known as Yama. He is Tex's nemesis and the longest-running antagonist of the entire saga, having debuted (as a mere illusionist) in volume 3 (Fuorilegge ["Outlaw"], 1964) and having appeared for the eleventh time in volumes 738 to 744 (all published in 2022).
 * Yama (real name: Blacky Dickart), a powerful warlock, the son of Mefisto. Seen four times so far, Yama inherits his father's powers in volume 125, Il figlio di Mefisto ("The Son of Mefisto"), and becomes one of the main antagonists in the saga.
 * Proteus (real name: Perry Drayton), a criminal master of camouflage. He uses his ability to rob trains and banks.
 * El Muerto (real name: Paco Ordoñez), a Mexican pistolero. His face is horribly scarred as a consequence of having been burned by in a fire, which gains him the nickname El Muerto (Spanish for 'the Dead [one, man]'). El Muerto takes revenge on Tex because, in the past, the ranger killed his older brothers, both outlaws, robbers and killers.
 * La Tigre Nera (Prince Sumankan), an exiled Malay prince from Borneo. His main goal is to collect enough money and an army to reconquer his reign, which was stolen by European colonialists.
 * Il Maestro (real name: Andrew Liddell), a mad scientist and a chemical genius, who tries to blackmail the cities of San Francisco, New Orleans, and New York, under the menace of a lethal poison he develops. After his first battle against Tex, he is infected with his own poison, leaving him scarred for life.
 * Jack Thunder, a blind gunslinger who leads a group of psychotic killers to Heaven, where Lena and Donna Parker reside.
 * Jack Thunders' Family: Thunder, a loner and a former Confederate soldier, has a gang which he refers to as his "Family": Jeremy Monk, a hunchback and a former schoolteacher; Hammer, a giant black man who wields a huge hammer; Lizard, a trapper, and his two cannibalistic Molossus dogs; Firebird, a Native (of an unspecified tribe) and a pyromaniac; No-Face, a mysterious man, mute and deaf, who covers his face with a leather mask; and Kid Rodelo, a seventeen-year-old pistolero and serial killer.
 * Zhenda, a Navajo witch, banished from the tribe by Tex for drugging young Navajos in order to subjugate their will.
 * The Arctic People, a mysterious, primitive and cannibalistic tribe of people who live in the Arctic circle; insofar, they are confirmed to live in Alaska and in the northern territories of Canada.

Authors

 * Giancarlo Berardi
 * Gian Luigi Bonelli
 * Sergio Bonelli
 * Mauro Boselli

 * Decio Canzio
 * Tito Faraci
 * Gianfranco Manfredi
 * Michele Medda

 * Claudio Nizzi
 * Pasquale Ruju
 * Antonio Segura

Illustrators

 * Jordi Bernet
 * Jesús Blasco
 * Guido Buzzelli
 * Renzo Calegari
 * Aldo Capitanio
 * Raul and Gianluca Cestaro
 * Fabio Civitelli
 * Franco Crivelli
 * Víctor de la Fuente
 * Pasquale Del Vecchio
 * Raffaele Della Monica
 * Roberto Diso
 * Lucio Filuppucci
 * Alfonso Font

 * Fernando Fusco
 * Aurelio Galleppini
 * Francesco Gamba
 * Ernesto García Seijas
 * Alarico Gattia
 * Alberto Giolitti
 * Joe Kubert
 * Guglielmo Letteri
 * Carlo Raffaele Marcello
 * Ivo Milazzo
 * Vincenzo Monti
 * Virgilio Muzzi
 * Erio Nicolò

 * José Ortiz
 * Goran Parlov
 * Roberto Raviola
 * Miguel Angel Repetto
 * Rossano Rossi
 * Massimo Rotundo
 * Manfred Sommer
 * Erasmo Dante Spada
 * Giovanni Ticci
 * Mario Uggeri
 * Claudio Villa
 * Colin Wilson
 * Sergio Zaniboni
 * rm Guerra

Foreign versions

In Argentina, Tex was published in the 1950s by Editorial Abril in his weekly magazine Rayo Rojo, by the name of Colt Miller.

In Brazil, Tex has been published uninterruptedly since 1971. Currently, it is published by Mythos Editora.

In Finland, Tex Willer was published from 1953 to 1965. After a break of five years, Tex Willer has been published continuously since 1971. The series is still popular and 16 issues are published a year.

In Greece, Tex was published in the 1970s, 1980s and 2010s under three different titles.

In India, Tex was published in the 1980s by the South Indian Tamil Comics publisher Lion Comics. The series is regularly published in Lion Comics due to its wide popularity across generations.

In Israel, Tex was published in the 1970s and has since been reprinted several times in limited editions, the latest in 2007.

In Norway, Tex Willer has also run continuously since 1971, with 11 to 17 issues (each 114 pages) issued a year.

In former Yugoslavia, Tex was published in the late 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s, and was very popular among other Bonelli characters such as Zagor. In the 1990s after the break-up of Yugoslavia, Tex Willer began to be published in Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia.

In Turkey, Tex was published by a large number of publishers and it is still being published in irregular hardcover book formats. Ceylan Yayınları (1961–1969, 1978–1986), Zuhal Yayınları (1970–1978), Inter, Alfa Yayıncılık (1991), Galaksi Yayıncılık, Doğan/Egmont (AD, DE – 1996), Aksoy Yayınları (2000), Maceraperest (200? - ), and Oğlak Yayınları are the series' Turkish publishers. In the United Kingdom, fourteen Tex Willer albums have been published monthly since 1971 by Top Sellers Ltd.

In the United States, Tex Willer appeared in an original book called The Four Killers, later published as Tex: The Lonesome Rider, written by Claudio Nizzi and illustrated by American comic artist Joe Kubert; it was published by Dark Horse Comics and Strip Art Features. Additional issues were also published in the USA by Epicenter Comics, with the stories and graphic novels Tex: Patagonia in 2017, Tex: The Magnificent Outlaw, Tex: In the Land of the Seminoles and the Zagor crossover Tex & Zagor: Bandera in 2022, and Tex: Captain Jack in 2023.

Other media
Attempts had been made to adapt Tex into a film in the late 1960s and early 1970s in Italy. The film was eventually made in 1985 by director Duccio Tessari as Tex and the Lord of the Deep. The film was adapted from three Tex comics: El Morisco, Sierra Encantada and Il signore dell'abisso. The film was intended as a pilot for a television series, but poor critical and box office reception of the film led to no television series being produced. In 1993 several Tex computer games (thirteen known ones) were released for the Amiga and IBM PC compatibles by Italian published Simulmondo. These games were only officially released in Italy and only had Italian text, which has made them quite rare and collectable.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Tex Willer


text:
Talk:Barksdale Air Force Base

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Barksdale Air Force Base. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090130025918/http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/usafserials.html to http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/usafserials.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 17:48, 21 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Barksdale Air Force Base. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080314195154/http://www.barksdale.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=4409 to http://www.barksdale.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=4409
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080314195154/http://www.barksdale.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=4409 to http://www.barksdale.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=4409

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:10, 15 July 2017 (UTC)

North Louisiana History articles
Moved from 'See also' section in-case anyone wants to use them as sources. North Louisiana History has published three articles on Barksdale:
 * Adrian C. Shively, "BAFB: Its History as a Cotton Plantation", Vol. 25, No. 1 (Winter 1994), pp. 3–15;
 * Lester C. Verigan, "BAFB: Satellite Operations in NW La.", Vol. 25, No.1 (Winter 1994), pp. 16–33;
 * Beau Morris, "The Political Origins of BAFB", Vol. 8, No. 3 (Spring 1977), pp. 131–136.

title: Talk:Barksdale Air Force Base


text:
Office of Fair Trading

The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) was a non-ministerial government department of the United Kingdom, established by the Fair Trading Act 1973, which enforced both consumer protection and competition law, acting as the United Kingdom's economic regulator. The intention was for the OFT to make markets work well for consumers, ensuring vigorous competition between fair-dealing businesses and prohibiting unfair practices such as rogue trading, scams, and cartels. Its role was modified and its powers changed by the Enterprise Act 2002.

The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) announced reforms to the consumer protection and competition regimes. Under the provisions of the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) was established on 1 April 2014, combining many of the functions of the OFT and the Competition Commission and superseding both.

Regulation of the consumer credit sector passed from the OFT to the new Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) from April 2014.

Role
The majority of the OFT's work consisted of analysing markets, enforcing consumer and competition law, merger control, licensing and supervisory work (of consumer credit, estate agency, anti money-laundering supervision), advocacy, delivering information, education programmes and campaigns to business and consumers.

The OFT investigated markets to see whether they were working well for consumers and customers. Where appropriate, studies led to market investigation references to the Competition Commission, to enforce action, consumer awareness campaigns or to recommendations to government, which were published.

Showing how competitive markets that work well are important for consumers, fair dealing businesses and economic performance; explaining its decisions transparently; promoting compliance by explaining to business what the law is and how the OFT will apply it; promoting consumer awareness and confidence; coordinating effectively with enforcement partners locally, nationally and internationally, and advising government on how to achieve the most effective regime for competition and consumers.

Structure
The OFT worked under a structure arranged by markets rather than legislation with a Services, Infrastructure and Public Markets group and a Goods and Consumer group. Officials specialising in the different legal and regulatory regimes worked closely together in each of these two groups. This enabled the OFT to look more easily at whole markets and to use all the tools available to improve them if they were not operating effectively.

The OFT used consumer and competition enforcement, market studies and references, education and communication in appropriate combination. These market sector groups sat alongside other OFT groups, mergers, and cartels and criminal enforcement. The OFT was situated off Fleet Street, near Blackfriars station. It was next to St Bride's Church.

Markets and Policies Initiatives
Based on expanded powers granted under the Enterprise Act 2002, the OFT explored how different market sectors operate, in order to help markets work well. It sometimes researched one particular market in detail or, for example, how codes of practice or professional rules operated across different markets in a range of businesses.

The results of the research, which were published, helped the OFT to assess what action, if any, needed to be taken to protect consumers' interests. They could recommend stronger enforcement, or a change in the regulations, or suggest an awareness raising campaign for consumers (but will not always recommend intervention and when this is the case, will ensure that any non intervention decision is well informed and open to public scrutiny).

In 2006, the OFT restructured in response to Treasury proposals for splitting the department into separate consumer and competition regulators. The OFT argued that to protect consumers effectively, it had to be able to use both consumer law and competition law approaches in a holistic fashion. Moving away from division by legislative area, the OFT created divisions based on market sector.

These officials are supported by a dedicated economics branch also including statisticians and financial analysts (the Office of the Chief Economist), a legal specialist, and a policy advisory branch.

Credit card charges
In May 2006, the OFT investigated the charges being imposed on customers of credit card companies. In its report, the OFT confirmed these charges were unlawful as they amounted to a penalty, rather than the actual losses suffered by the companies. It said it would be prepared to investigate any charge over £12 (£16 for Egg credit card accounts) indicating that £12 would not be a "fair and acceptable charge" itself.

The OFT said it would be up to a court to determine such an amount based on the established legal precedent that the only recoverable cost would be actual costs incurred, i.e., liquidated damages.

The credit card companies did not produce evidence of their actual costs to the OFT, instead insisting their charges are in line with clear policy and information provided to customers. Charges have been as much as £38 per item, which campaigners argue is well beyond the cost of sending a computerised letter.

Deceptive websites
In 2009, after customers complained to OFT about deceptive practices by two websites operated by a man in the state of California that misrepresented themselves as being British, it coordinated actions with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, which began an enforcement action. Two years later a consent decree required the companies to end those practices and represent their location honestly.

Debt management companies
In September 2010, the OFT sent warnings to 129 firms after its review of debt management companies found widespread problems, with firms putting profits ahead of customer care. Since it issued that warning, 87 firms have surrendered their licenses.

Transfer of cash ISAs
In March 2010, Consumer Focus submitted a super complaint to the OFT raising concerns that transferring cash ISAs were taking too long and there were arbitrary rules preventing transfers into some of the most attractive accounts and that interest rates were not sufficiently transparent.

The OFT responded in June 2011, with a number of recommendations to ensure that transfers of cash ISAs work better and that there is greater transparency of interest rates. This included the following agreements from cash ISA provider to:
 * Comply with new industry guidelines to complete end to end transfers within 15 working days
 * Provide personalised interest rate information on cash ISA statements delivered in electronic and/or paper form

Reckitt Benckiser
In April 2011, the OFT fined Reckitt Benckiser £10.2 million after it found that it had abused its dominant position in the market for the National Health Service (NHS) supply of alginate and antacid heartburn medicines. The OFT found that Reckitt Benckiser abused its dominant position by withdrawing and de-listing Gaviscon Original Liquid from the NHS prescription channel in 2005.

Groupon
In March 2012, the OFT accepted undertakings from "daily deals" company MyCityDeal, which trades as Groupon, to change some of its trading practices following an OFT investigation. The investigation found widespread examples of Groupon's practices that breached consumer protection regulations.

The OFT had specific concerns over practices involving reference pricing, advertising, refunds, unfair terms, and the diligence of its interactions with merchants. Groupon engaged openly and constructively throughout the investigation and signed undertakings that it will change its practices to comply with the law.

Hotel online booking
In September 2012, the OFT commenced an investigation into the hotel online booking sector. The complainant, a small online travel agent, Skoosh, claimed that the hotels it bought room bookings from were under pressure from other resellers to maintain minimum prices. On 31 July 2012, the OFT issued a Statement of Objections against Booking.com, Expedia, and Intercontinental Hotels.

In the OFT's provisional view the parties had infringed competition law. In January 2014, the OFT accepted commitments proposed by the defendant parties in lieu of any fines. The OFT's Rasmussen acknowledged there was a chance the set up could lead to further monopoly, but he said the OFT would be monitoring movements in the market.

In March 2014, the price comparison site, Skyscanner, challenged the OFT's decision with the United Kingdom's Competition Appeal Tribunal.

Supply of ICT to the public sector
In a "parting shot", one week prior to the transfer of the OFT's responsibilities to the CMA, the Office recommended that an investigation into market conditions in the public sector ICT market should be undertaken.

Reputation
The OFT was criticized for being ineffective and for many of its investigations leading to no action, in contrast to the more vigorous approach of United States (United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division) and European Union (Directorate-General for Competition) regulators. Criticism has been levied, among others, in the cases of:
 * Supermarkets
 * Oil companies retail sales / petrol – in October 2008, UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown threatened oil companies with an OFT investigation unless lower oil prices were passed to consumers; this was despite several OFT investigations in the past giving the industry a clean bill of health.

The National Audit Office issued a report in March 2009 on the OFT's competition enforcement work which indicated progress in 7 out of 10 objectives, but also concluded:
 * ...So whilst the OFT has improved the value for money it provides, there remains scope for further improvement.

According to the same report, in 2007 to 2008 the OFT estimated that its competition enforcement work led to direct savings to consumers worth £77m per year and that its market studies work had saved consumers £98 million in 2007 to 08; the OFT costs for these areas of work in the same year were approximately £26 million of its £78 million expenditure in 2007 to 208.

Super complaints
The following bodies and companies were designated by the Secretary of State as being able to bring a super-complaint to the OFT:

 * The Campaign for Real Ale Limited (CAMRA)
 * The Consumer Council for Water
 * The Consumers' Association (trading as "Which?")
 * The General Consumer Council for Northern Ireland (GCCNI)
 * The National Association of Citizens Advice Bureaux (NACAB)
 * The National Consumer Council (trading as "Consumer Focus")

title: Office of Fair Trading


text:
File:P1072.jpg

Rationale
Image used to illustrate an aircraft. No other photo available, and no aircraft of this type is in existence

Telephonic permission to use low definition images for wiki articles was given by BAE Systems so that copies made would be considered fair use.

Image low definition copied from a Hawker publicity release

title: File:P1072.jpg


text:
Category:Municipal political parties in Toronto

Municipal political parties in the city of Toronto and the component municipalities of the former Metropolitan Toronto region.


text:
Actionism

Actionism may refer to:

 * Viennese Actionism, a school of art which started in Vienna, Austria
 * A term used by Theodor W. Adorno to refer to the left-wing anti-intellectualism
 * An excessive emphasis on social action, activity, or change in lieu of continuity, stability, and permanence

title: Actionism


text:
Talk:Anglo-Iraqi War

Grammar
Sorry if I appear a pedant, but the grammar use of was and were needed correction.

Conflicting Rutbah Info
I have a source at my disposal, The Story of the Arab Legion, written by John Bagot Glubb "Pasha Glubb" who was actually there, which conflicts with the current information written in the "Rutbah" section of this page. My source suggests that there were roughly 100 police occupying the garrison when they arrived, and only a few of these were Iraqi Desert Police. It also says that the bombing began on the 8th May when the Arab Legion originally arrived. And it was on the evening of the 9th May when a support column arrived, consisting of roughly 40 vehicles. Half of these were under the command of Fawzi al-Qawuqji, whereas half of them were Iraqi Desert Police. It certainly does not suggest that Fawzi al-Qawuqji was already at the fort before the 9th May, and it also imperatively states that only a "few" of the original garrison were Iraqi Desert Police, the rest being local police. The section also fails to mention the involvement of Michael Casson and his No. 2 RAF Armoured Car Company in taking the fort. They are the explanation of why the Iraqis suddenly just up and abandon the place.

Is it all right for me to change the section, as long as it is sourced properly, as it is my belief that my source is more likely to be correct? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Andrewdwilliams (talk • contribs) 14:30, 1 January 2015 (UTC)
 * If there are conflicting versions, it might be best to put both. Regards Keith-264 (talk) 13:32, 15 November 2015 (UTC)

Recent edit
Few and exiguous aren't synonyms.Keith-264 (talk) 09:02, 31 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Anglo-Iraqi War. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081220222048/http://assyrianlevies.com/gpage8.html to http://assyrianlevies.com/gpage8.html
 * Added tag to http://www.ibiblio.net/hyperwar/UN/UK/LondonGazette/37703.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:04, 6 July 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Anglo-Iraqi War. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070621120847/http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/rsepResources/si/dec02/middleEast.asp to http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/rsepResources/si/dec02/middleEast.asp

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:47, 30 December 2017 (UTC)

A suggestion.
I believe the addition of information regarding Iraqi military personnel (I.e., photographs, commander's biographies, military equipment, etc.) would help the article greatly, as such, if anyone finds photographs of Iraqi soldiers or lists of their weapons, information regarding commanding officers or the likes, please add it to the article. If no one else will, I'll see what I can do. Unfortunately, for about half a week, I will be busy and thus unable to add anything to the article, as such, if no one adds this in 3-4 days, I'll accept responsibility over the task and will attempt completion.

Markovich Rashkolnikov (talk) 00:42, 24 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anglo-Iraqi War


text: Category:Culture of Ottawa

title: Category:Culture of Ottawa


text:
Yumemi Kobo

Yumemi Kōbō (夢見 工房) is a device sold by the Japanese company Takara Toys that is claimed to be able to induce lucid dreams.

Measuring some 35 inches in height, the device is equipped with a picture frame, a voice recorder, a timer, a fragrance dispenser, musical recordings and speakers. This assortment of components is claimed to be able to induce a dream about a pre-selected theme while the user sleeps; it periodically activates in concert with the user's rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stages.

A Wired Newsration :

"First, users attach a photograph or image of a desired dream to the Yumemi Kobo. Then the hopeful dreamers concentrate on the image, playing out the desired dream in their head while making a voice recording of key words describing their fantasy. Next they insert one of the dream machine's scents in the fragrance dispenser and select accompanying music from the tracks offered in the device's database. [...] Now the dreamers are ready to hit the sack. They turn on the dream machine, and it starts to lull them to sleep with soft lights and serenades. During the next eight hours, while the Yumemi Kobo's owner snoozes, the device is set to activate periodically in accordance with the user's REM sleep, the period associated with dreaming, during which the sleeper's eyeballs jerk rapidly."

The manufacturer claims that the recommended fragrance and music selections are based on sleep research—"there is a logic behind the selections". It nevertheless will not guarantee satisfactory outcomes to its customers.

title: Yumemi Kobo


text:
Milnor conjecture (K-theory)

In mathematics, the Milnor conjecture was a proposal by of a description of the Milnor K-theory (mod 2) of a general field F with characteristic different from 2, by means of the Galois (or equivalently étale) cohomology of F with coefficients in Z/2Z. It was proved by.

Statement
Let F be a field of characteristic different from 2. Then there is an isomorphism

 * $$K_n^M(F)/2 \cong H_{\acute{e}t}^n(F, \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})$$

for all n ≥ 0, where KM denotes the Milnor ring.

About the proof
The proof of this theorem by Vladimir Voevodsky uses several ideas developed by Voevodsky, Alexander Merkurjev, Andrei Suslin, Markus Rost, Fabien Morel, Eric Friedlander, and others, including the newly minted theory of motivic cohomology (a kind of substitute for singular cohomology for algebraic varieties) and the motivic Steenrod algebra.

Generalizations
The analogue of this result for primes other than 2 was known as the Bloch–Kato conjecture. Work of Voevodsky and Markus Rost yielded a complete proof of this conjecture in 2009; the result is now called the norm residue isomorphism theorem.

title: Milnor conjecture (K-theory)


text:
Milnor K-theory

In mathematics, Milnor K-theory is an algebraic invariant (denoted $$K_*(F)$$ for a field $$F$$) defined by as an attempt to study higher algebraic K-theory in the special case of fields. It was hoped this would help illuminate the structure for algebraic K-theory and give some insight about its relationships with other parts of mathematics, such as Galois cohomology and the Grothendieck–Witt ring of quadratic forms. Before Milnor K-theory was defined, there existed ad-hoc definitions for $$K_1$$ and $$K_2$$. Fortunately, it can be shown Milnor K-theory is a part of algebraic K-theory, which in general is the easiest part to compute.

Motivation
After the definition of the Grothendieck group $$K(R)$$ of a commutative ring, it was expected there should be an infinite set of invariants $$K_i(R)$$ called higher K-theory groups, from the fact there exists a short exact sequence
 * $$K(R,I) \to K(R) \to K(R/I) \to 0$$

which should have a continuation by a long exact sequence. Note the group on the left is relative K-theory. This led to much study and as a first guess for what this theory would look like, Milnor gave a definition for fields. His definition is based upon two calculations of what higher K-theory "should" look like in degrees $$1$$ and $$2$$. Then, if in a later generalization of algebraic K-theory was given, if the generators of $$K_*(R)$$ lived in degree $$1$$ and the relations in degree $$2$$, then the constructions in degrees $$1$$ and $$2$$ would give the structure for the rest of the K-theory ring. Under this assumption, Milnor gave his "ad-hoc" definition. It turns out algebraic K-theory $$K_*(R)$$ in general has a more complex structure, but for fields the Milnor K-theory groups are contained in the general algebraic K-theory groups after tensoring with $$\mathbb{Q}$$, i.e. $$K^M_n(F)\otimes \mathbb{Q} \subseteq K_n(F)\otimes \mathbb{Q}$$. It turns out the natural map $$\lambda:K^M_4(F) \to K_4(F)$$ fails to be injective for a global field $$F$$ pg 96.

Definition
Note for fields the Grothendieck group can be readily computed as $$K_0(F) = \mathbb{Z}$$ since the only finitely generated modules are finite-dimensional vector spaces. Also, Milnor's definition of higher K-groups depends upon the canonical isomorphism
 * $$l\colon K_1(F) \to F^*$$

(the group of units of $$F$$) and observing the calculation of K2 of a field by Hideya Matsumoto, which gave the simple presentation
 * $$K_2(F) = \frac{F^*\otimes F^*}{\{l(a)\otimes l(1-a) : a \neq 0 ,1\}}$$

for a two-sided ideal generated by elements $$l(a)\otimes l(a-1)$$, called Steinberg relations. Milnor took the hypothesis that these were the only relations, hence he gave the following "ad-hoc" definition of Milnor K-theory as
 * $$K_n^M(F) = \frac{K_1(F)\otimes \cdots \otimes K_1(F)}{\{l(a_1)\otimes \cdots \otimes l(a_n) : a_i + a_{i+1} = 1 \}}.$$

The direct sum of these groups is isomorphic to a tensor algebra over the integers of the multiplicative group $$K_1(F) \cong F^*$$ modded out by the two-sided ideal generated by:
 * $$\left \{ l(a)\otimes l(1-a) : 0,1 \neq a \in F \right \}$$

so
 * $$\bigoplus_{n=0}^\infty K_n^M(F) \cong \frac{T^*(K_1^M(F))}{\{l(a)\otimes l(1-a) : a \neq 0,1\}}$$

showing his definition is a direct extension of the Steinberg relations.

Ring structure
The graded module $$K_*^M(F)$$ is a graded-commutative ring pg 1-3. If we write
 * $$(l(a_1)\otimes\cdots \otimes l(a_n))\cdot

(l(b_1)\otimes\cdots \otimes l(b_m))$$ as
 * $$l(a_1)\otimes\cdots \otimes l(a_n) \otimes l(b_1)\otimes\cdots \otimes l(b_m)$$

then for $$\xi \in K_i^M(F)$$ and $$\eta \in K^M_j(F)$$ we have
 * $$\xi \cdot \eta = (-1)^{i \cdot j}\eta \cdot \xi.$$

From the proof of this property, there are some additional properties which fall out, like $$l(a)^2 = l(a)l(-1)$$ for $$l(a) \in K_1(F)$$ since $$l(a)l(-a) = 0$$. Also, if $$a_1+\cdots + a_n$$ of non-zero fields elements equals $$0,1$$, then $$l(a_1)\cdots l(a_n) = 0$$ There's a direct arithmetic application: $$-1 \in F$$ is a sum of squares if and only if every positive dimensional $$K_n^M(F)$$ is nilpotent, which is a powerful statement about the structure of Milnor K-groups. In particular, for the fields $$\mathbb{Q}(i)$$, $$\mathbb{Q}_p(i)$$ with $$\sqrt{-1} \not\in \mathbb{Q}_p$$, all of its Milnor K-groups are nilpotent. In the converse case, the field $$F$$ can be embedded into a real closed field, which gives a total ordering on the field.

Relation to Higher Chow groups and Quillen's higher K-theory
One of the core properties relating Milnor K-theory to higher algebraic K-theory is the fact there exists natural isomorphisms $$K_n^M(F) \to \text{CH}^{n}(F,n)$$ to Bloch's Higher chow groups which induces a morphism of graded rings $$K_*^M(F) \to \text{CH}^*(F,*)$$ This can be verified using an explicit morphism pg 181 $$\phi:F^* \to \text{CH}^1(F,1)$$ where $$\phi(a)\phi(1-a) = 0 ~\text{in}~ \text{CH}^2(F,2) ~\text{for}~ a,1-a \in F^*$$ This map is given by $$\begin{align} \{1\} &\mapsto 0 \in \text{CH}^1(F,1) \\ \{a\} &\mapsto [a] \in \text{CH}^1(F,1) \end{align}$$ for $$[a]$$ the class of the point $$[a:1] \in \mathbb{P}^1_F-\{0,1,\infty \}$$ with $$a \in F^*-\{1\}$$. The main property to check is that $$[a] + [1/a] = 0$$ for $$a \in F^*-\{1\}$$ and $$[a] + [b] = [ab]$$. Note this is distinct from $$[a]\cdot [b]$$ since this is an element in $$\text{CH}^2(F,2)$$. Also, the second property implies the first for $$b = 1/a$$. This check can be done using a rational curve defining a cycle in $$C^1(F,2)$$ whose image under the boundary map $$\partial$$ is the sum $$[a] + [b] - [ab]$$for $$ab \neq 1$$, showing they differ by a boundary. Similarly, if $$ab=1$$ the boundary map sends this cycle to $$[a] - [1/a]$$, showing they differ by a boundary. The second main property to show is the Steinberg relations. With these, and the fact the higher Chow groups have a ring structure $$\text{CH}^p(F,q) \otimes \text{CH}^r(F,s) \to \text{CH}^{p+r}(F,q+s)$$ we get an explicit map $$K_*^M(F) \to \text{CH}^*(F,*)$$ Showing the map in the reverse direction is an isomorphism is more work, but we get the isomorphisms $$K_n^M(F) \to \text{CH}^n(F,n)$$ We can then relate the higher Chow groups to higher algebraic K-theory using the fact there are isomorphisms $$K_n(X)\otimes \mathbb{Q} \cong \bigoplus_p \text{CH}^p(X,n)\otimes \mathbb{Q}$$ giving the relation to Quillen's higher algebraic K-theory. Note that the maps
 * $$K^M_n(F) \to K_n(F)$$

from the Milnor K-groups of a field to the Quillen K-groups, which is an isomorphism for $$n\le 2$$ but not for larger n, in general. For nonzero elements $$a_1, \ldots, a_n$$ in F, the symbol $$\{a_1, \ldots, a_n\}$$ in $$K_n^M(F)$$ means the image of $$a_1 \otimes \cdots \otimes a_n$$ in the tensor algebra. Every element of Milnor K-theory can be written as a finite sum of symbols. The fact that $$\{a, 1-a\} = 0$$ in $$K_2^M(F)$$ for $$a \in F\setminus \{0,1\}$$ is sometimes called the Steinberg relation.

Representation in motivic cohomology
In motivic cohomology, specifically motivic homotopy theory, there is a sheaf $$K_{n,A}$$ representing a generalization of Milnor K-theory with coefficients in an abelian group $$A$$. If we denote $$A_{tr}(X) = \mathbb{Z}_{tr}(X)\otimes A$$ then we define the sheaf $$K_{n,A}$$ as the sheafification of the following pre-sheaf pg 4 $$K_{n,A}^{pre}: U \mapsto A_{tr}(\mathbb{A}^n)(U)/A_{tr}(\mathbb{A}^n - \{0\})(U)$$ Note that sections of this pre-sheaf are equivalent classes of cycles on $$U\times\mathbb{A}^n$$ with coefficients in $$A$$ which are equidimensional and finite over $$U$$ (which follows straight from the definition of $$\mathbb{Z}_{tr}(X)$$). It can be shown there is an $$\mathbb{A}^1$$-weak equivalence with the motivic Eilenberg-Maclane sheaves $$K(A, 2n,n)$$ (depending on the grading convention).

Finite fields
For a finite field $$F = \mathbb{F}_q$$, $$K_1^M(F)$$ is a cyclic group of order $$q-1$$ (since is it isomorphic to $$\mathbb{F}_q^*$$), so graded commutativity gives $$ l(a)\cdot l(b) = -l(b)\cdot l(a)$$ hence $$ l(a)^2 =-l(a) ^2$$ Because $$K_2^M(F)$$ is a finite group, this implies it must have order $$\leq 2$$. Looking further, $$1$$ can always be expressed as a sum of quadratic non-residues, i.e. elements $$a,b \in F$$ such that $$[a],[b] \in F/F^{\times 2}$$ are not equal to $$0$$, hence $$a + b = 1$$ showing $$K_2^M(F) = 0$$. Because the Steinberg relations generate all relations in the Milnor K-theory ring, we have $$K_n^M(F) = 0$$ for $$n > 2$$.

Real numbers
For the field of real numbers $$\mathbb{R}$$ the Milnor K-theory groups can be readily computed. In degree $$n$$ the group is generated by $$ K_n^M(\mathbb{R}) = \{(-1)^n, l(a_1)\cdots l(a_n) : a_1,\ldots, a_n > 0 \}$$ where $$(-1)^n$$ gives a group of order $$2$$ and the subgroup generated by the $$l(a_1)\cdots l(a_n)$$ is divisible. The subgroup generated by $$(-1)^n$$ is not divisible because otherwise it could be expressed as a sum of squares. The Milnor K-theory ring is important in the study of motivic homotopy theory because it gives generators for part of the motivic Steenrod algebra. The others are lifts from the classical Steenrod operations to motivic cohomology.

Other calculations
$$K^M_2(\Complex)$$ is an uncountable uniquely divisible group. Also, $$K^M_2(\R)$$ is the direct sum of a cyclic group of order 2 and an uncountable uniquely divisible group; $$K^M_2(\Q_p)$$ is the direct sum of the multiplicative group of $$\mathbb{F}_p$$ and an uncountable uniquely divisible group; $$K^M_2(\Q)$$ is the direct sum of the cyclic group of order 2 and cyclic groups of order $$p-1$$ for all odd prime $$p$$. For $$n \geq 3$$, $$K_n^M(\mathbb{Q}) \cong \mathbb{Z}/2$$. The full proof is in the appendix of Milnor's original paper. Some of the computation can be seen by looking at a map on $$K_2^M(F)$$ induced from the inclusion of a global field $$F$$ to its completions $$F_v$$, so there is a morphism$$ K_2^M(F) \to \bigoplus_{v} K_2^M(F_v)/(\text{max. divis. subgr.})$$ whose kernel finitely generated. In addition, the cokernel is isomorphic to the roots of unity in $$F$$.

In addition, for a general local field $$F$$ (such as a finite extension $$K/\mathbb{Q}_p$$), the Milnor K-groups $$K_n^M(F)$$ are divisible.

K*M(F(t))
There is a general structure theorem computing $$K_n^M(F(t))$$ for a field $$F$$ in relation to the Milnor K-theory of $$F$$ and extensions $$F[t]/(\pi)$$ for non-zero primes ideals $$(\pi) \in \text{Spec}(F[t])$$. This is given by an exact sequence $$ 0 \to K_n^M(F) \to K_n^M(F(t)) \xrightarrow{\partial_\pi} \bigoplus_{(\pi) \in \text{Spec}(F[t])} K_{n-1}F[t]/(\pi) \to 0$$ where $$\partial_\pi : K_n^M(F(t)) \to K_{n-1}F[t]/(\pi)$$ is a morphism constructed from a reduction of $$F$$ to $$\overline{F}_v$$ for a discrete valuation $$v$$. This follows from the theorem there exists only one homomorphism $$ \partial:K_n^M(F) \to K_{n-1}^M(\overline{F})$$ which for the group of units $$U \subset F$$ which are elements have valuation $$0$$, having a natural morphism $$ U \to \overline{F}_v^*$$ where $$u \mapsto \overline{u}$$ we have $$ \partial(l(\pi)l(u_2)\cdots l(u_n)) = l(\overline{u}_2)\cdots l(\overline{u}_n)$$ where $$\pi$$ a prime element, meaning $$\text{Ord}_v(\pi) = 1$$, and $$ \partial(l(u_1)\cdots l(u_n)) = 0$$ Since every non-zero prime ideal $$(\pi) \in \text{Spec}(F[t])$$ gives a valuation $$v_\pi : F(t) \to F[t]/(\pi)$$, we get the map $$\partial_\pi$$ on the Milnor K-groups.

Applications
Milnor K-theory plays a fundamental role in higher class field theory, replacing $$K_1^M(F) = F^{\times}\!$$ in the one-dimensional class field theory.

Milnor K-theory fits into the broader context of motivic cohomology, via the isomorphism

 * $$K^M_n(F) \cong H^n(F, \Z(n))$$

of the Milnor K-theory of a field with a certain motivic cohomology group. In this sense, the apparently ad hoc definition of Milnor K-theory becomes a theorem: certain motivic cohomology groups of a field can be explicitly computed by generators and relations.

A much deeper result, the Bloch-Kato conjecture (also called the norm residue isomorphism theorem), relates Milnor K-theory to Galois cohomology or étale cohomology:

 * $$K^M_n(F)/r \cong H^n_{\mathrm{et}}(F, \Z/r(n)),$$

for any positive integer r invertible in the field F. This conjecture was proved by Vladimir Voevodsky, with contributions by Markus Rost and others. This includes the theorem of Alexander Merkurjev and Andrei Suslin as well as the Milnor conjecture as special cases (the cases when $$n = 2$$ and $$r = 2$$, respectively).

Finally, there is a relation between Milnor K-theory and quadratic forms. For a field F of characteristic not 2, define the fundamental ideal I in the Witt ring of quadratic forms over F to be the kernel of the homomorphism $$W(F) \to\Z/2$$ given by the dimension of a quadratic form, modulo 2. Milnor defined a homomorphism:

 * $$\begin{cases} K_n^M(F)/2 \to I^n/I^{n+1} \\ \{a_1, \ldots, a_n \} \mapsto \langle \langle a_1, \ldots, a_n \rangle \rangle = \langle 1, -a_1 \rangle \otimes \cdots \otimes \langle 1, -a_n \rangle \end{cases}$$

where $$\langle \langle a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n \rangle \rangle$$ denotes the class of the n-fold Pfister form.

Dmitri Orlov, Alexander Vishik, and Voevodsky proved another statement called the Milnor conjecture, namely that this homomorphism $$K_n^M(F)/2 \to I^n/I^{n+1}$$ is an isomorphism.

title: Milnor K-theory


text:
Talk:Pruth River Campaign

Jassy or Iași
Should we maybe use the normal Romanian name for this city? I don't know who refers to it as Jassy, but at least Romanians would not know what you mean by that name. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.99.211.179 (talk) 14:13, 18 December 2015 (UTC)

 * Iași is traditionally known as Jassy in many European languages, such as English, French, German, Swedish and even in my own language, Finnish. It's not extraordinary, for example in English Firenze is called Florence and Torino is called Turin. Or speaking of Romanian cities, for example București is known as Bucharest in English. Well known historical cities often have traditional names in different languages which can differ from the language spoken in these particular cities. --Ukas (talk) 07:54, 16 February 2016 (UTC)

Zaporhizie
My atlas says that Zaporhizie belonged to the Ottoman Empire in the years 1711-39, probably after this war. No mention on Wikipedia. --Revery (talk) 08:33, 13 March 2010 (UTC)

Map incorrect
The map shows the R. Dnieper flowing into the Liman at Mayaki - it should be the Dniester! Maelli (talk) 12:34, 5 October 2013 (UTC)

Casualties & Strength
Casualties 8,000 in Ottoman and 38,000 in Russian side must be wrong. The Ottomans suffered more casualties than the Russians, and when the Russians left they still had considerable force. In addition Russians had around 40,000 infantry, 10,000 cavalry, plus Rönne who captured Braila had additional 12,000 men as cavalry and dragoons. These numbers are in E. Anisimov: The Reforms of Peter the Great: Progress through Coercion in Russia and Virginia H. Aksan: Ottoman Wars 1700–1870 --Ukas (talk) 20:10, 24 July 2014 (UTC)

 * E. Anisimov: The Reforms of Peter the Great: Progress through Coercion in Russia, page number(s)...quote?
 * Virginia H. Aksan: Ottoman Wars 1700–1870, page number(s)....quote? --Kansas Bear (talk) 20:53, 24 July 2014 (UTC)

 * According to Aksan's book (pages 95-97, 122-123): Ottoman force: 240,000 men (around 100,000 cavalry, 140,000 infantry), 175 cannons, and casualties unknown, although it's said July 21st alone Janissaries lost 7,000 men - but the battle went on for days and other troops lost men as well, so 8,000 is underestimation for total casualties. Russian force: Peter's army 31,000-33,000 infantry, 7,000 cavalry, artillery unknown plus Cantemir with 5,000 Moldovans, casualties 16,246 men. Rönne with 12,000 cavalry, casualties unknown (there are no numbers of how many men from Ottoman army were defending Braila in Aksan's book). The Ottomans let the Russians go, and also the Moldovans, which had joined Peter's side and were held as traitors by the Ottomans, were allowed to follow the remaining Russian army back to Russia and most of them settled there. Don't have Anisimov's book at hand at the moment, IIRC he offered bigger numbers for Russian side, and an estimation for Ottoman total casualties. --Ukas (talk) 00:34, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W. Heinrichs, Ch. Pellat: The Encyclopaedia of Islam, vol VI, E.J. Brill 1991, ISBN 90-04-08112-7, page 991 says "The Ottomans, reinforced by a large body of Tatars, Cossacks and Polish troops, totalling 120,000 men and 400 guns, were in perfect condition. The Russian army (40,000 infantry, 14,000 horse and 122 guns) had been suffering from lack of food and forage for three weeks." --Ukas (talk) 00:52, 28 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Kansas Bear а later study by Artamonov (2019) (Турецко-русская война 1710–1713 гг. in Russian) indicates 8,000 killed Turks in the battle of Stanilesti, about the same number were wounded and about 5,000 died from the epidemic (page 185-186). The Russians have combat losses of about 3,000 at Stanileshti. During the capture of Braila, the Russians lost 100, the Turks 800. The total losses of the Russians, according to Artamonov and Urlanis, amounted to about 4000 people (page 226). According to Moro's estimates, the losses of the Russians were 38 000 people, but he counted the regiments according to the full list, although the Russians had already entered Moldova in an incomplete composition. Каракорум (talk) 07:11, 1 April 2021 (UTC)
 * , . Каракорум (talk) 09:37, 2 April 2021 (UTC)
 * If you have sourced information, add it to the article, Каракорум. I can not read Russian. --Kansas Bear (talk) 16:31, 2 April 2021 (UTC)

== bro why does it got all removed while I’ve doing that for so long? what the point to doing this hard work on wikipedia while it gonna be just removed? I added official sources that has confirmed the information which I’ve done over there, so what’s the sense to remove that? the Zaporozhian Cossacks was on the both sides, official Ukrainian historians can confirm that, like the Ukrainian Hetman Pylyp Orlyk was there, you can even watch the Ukrainian wikipedia about that campaign. ==

so please take it all what I made before back, thanks. Forward.ops (talk) 15:59, 13 November 2023 (UTC)

 * Forward.ops : Your edit can be found in 'view history', it's not technically gone. When changing several aspects of an article, I would suggest splitting it into several edits and give explanations to each one of them (so that we understand your intentions). Without explanations, edits such as replacing Russo-Turkish wars with Muscovite-Ottoman War (1710–1713), 1710–1711 with 27 May — 12 July, 1711, and Ottoman victory with Defeat of the Muscovites, etc, will likely be reverted. Imonoz (talk) 00:04, 14 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Why? It was part of the Great Northern War and Muscovite-Ottoman War (1710–1713), you can’t just see that in the Ukrainian Wikipedia called “Прутський похід”, all of that I’ve take from that. Forward.ops (talk) 10:38, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pruth River Campaign


text:
Talk:Third Anglo-Mysore War

Note
Sultanate of Mysore and the Kingdom of Mysore are two totally different dynasties.``` — Preceding unsigned comment added by 182.182.33.151 (talk) 08:24, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

Images
I removed the picture to the right.

Removal was made to reduce article clutter. Feel free to put it back in, or to swap it out with the other map in the article. Two images of this size showing relatively the same thing for a small article just made for a poor aesthetic. Hiberniantears (talk) 20:31, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 08:25, 1 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Flag of Mysore Hyder Ali & TipuSultan.jpg

title: Talk:Third Anglo-Mysore War


text:
Talk:Polish–Ottoman War (1633–1634)

Untitled
This article has a lot of great information but it is very confusing. I cannot follow the sequence of events. Can someone knowledgeable re-write this article in a more organized way? Thank you. ---Vikiyazar 15:37, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

as i know there was not a war between ottoman empire and poland it was only a war between abaza pascha and his troops against polish troops has to be correct you can also see this in the german page that this was not a war between ottoman empire and poland  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.181.21.54 (talk) 18:52, 11 March 2009 (UTC)

1919 article?
Theres a lot of flowery and speculative language perhaps some of this is from a 1919 Britannica entry? It’s likely this article has never been rewritten. I have at least cleaned up the first paragraph but much work is needed. Odin1 (talk) 07:41, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

Abazy/Abaza
Would probably be good if the writing of that name was consistent. The more common version seems to be Abazy. 213.61.225.194 (talk) 10:57, 3 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Polish–Ottoman War (1633–1634)


text:
Talk:Second Anglo-Mysore War

Note
Sultanate of Mysore and the Kingdom of Mysore are two totally different dynasties.``` — Preceding unsigned comment added by 182.182.33.151 (talk) 08:24, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

 * ￼hi 2409:4063:4AB7:4B73:8443:5562:DA75:E4C7 (talk) 14:59, 8 May 2024 (UTC)

Can we please stop refering to 'The British' as 'The English'

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 19:45, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

POV and factual accuracy
Like a lot of articles involving the Tippoo Sultan, this seems to have been the victim of edits from people with a disregard for article neutrality. I have added a pov and factual accuracy tag to the "Recovery of Chittur" section because obviously it is unreferenced and also it may contain several pov statements. I propose that the section be re-written or deleted unless inline citations can be provided. BarretBonden (talk) 13:52, 9 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree that there do seem to be POV issues surrounding Tipu Sultan Elinruby (talk) 20:41, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

Infobox
Painting is uncredited; this should be remedied Elinruby (talk) 20:45, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Second Anglo-Mysore War


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Milpitas, California/archive2

Milpitas, California
There was a former peer review at Peer review/Milpitas, California/archive1, but unfortunately it was unsuccessful.

Please take a look at the article and comment on where it needs to be improved, and how we could make it into a featured article. The Milpitas article looks great but looks like it still needs work. Milpitas guy 19:02, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * There are several improvements that I could immediately see, though there could be more:
 * Convert the various lists to prose if possible. Otherwise, move those lists to sub-articles.
 * Move the current form of the history section into a sub-article and place a summary in its place.
 * Focus only on institutions that are based in Milpitas, notably in the media section. For instance, you could simply say that the city is served by television stations in San Francisco and San Jose instead of placing a list of all stations viewable in Milpitas.
 * Make sure that there are no repeating pieces of information (something that I saw with the "see also" section, where several of the links were repeated in other sections).
 * I'll probably look into the article in more detail later. Pentawing 00:05, 16 October 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:87.74.46.177

title: User talk:87.74.46.177


text:
Spanish Angel

Spanish Angel may refer to:

 * Spanish Angel, a ring name used by Angel Medina (wrestler)
 * Spanish Angel (album), a 1993 album by Paul Winter Consort

title: Spanish Angel


text:
Merril Hoge

Merril DuAine Hoge (born January 26, 1965) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Pittsburgh Steelers and Chicago Bears. He played college football for the Idaho State Bengals and was selected by the Steelers in the 10th round of the 1987 NFL draft. Hoge retired from playing after the 1994 season. Since 1996 he had been a football analyst for ESPN television. Hoge, along with fellow longtime NFL Matchup analyst Ron Jaworski, were laid off after wide ESPN cuts in April 2017.

Early years
Born and raised in Pocatello, Idaho, Hoge graduated from its Highland High School in 1983. He stayed in town to play college football for Idaho State University in the Big Sky Conference, and was a three-time all-conference selection (1984–86) at running back for the Bengals. In 1985, Hoge set an NCAA record with 2,113 all-purpose yards, an average of 192.1 per game, including a school record 1,041 rushing yards. He finished his college career with an NCAA record 5,453 all-purpose yards and 31 touchdowns.

Professional football career
The Pittsburgh Steelers selected Hoge in the 10th round of the 1987 NFL draft with the 261st pick overall. After seven seasons with the Steelers, Hoge signed with the Chicago Bears in 1994, but played in only five games with six carries and 13 receptions.

During a road game in 1994 against the Kansas City Chiefs, Hoge suffered a concussion and, five days later, the team doctor approved him to resume playing during a telephone call without examining him to determine if he had recovered; he was still suffering post-concussion symptoms.

Hoge sustained another concussion several weeks later, and had to be resuscitated after he stopped breathing. He spent 48 hours in the intensive-care unit and was forced to retire due to brain injury. Hoge had to learn to read again and experienced memory loss, confusion and headaches. He later sued the Bears team doctor and won a $1.55 million judgment. After discovery the case was lost on appeal. Steelers team physician, neurosurgeon Joseph Maroon, had established a baseline for evaluating cognitive effects of concussions, so when Hoge continued to experience impairment after several weeks, he returned to Dr. Maroon for a new evaluation. Maroon's team found a "marked disparency [sic]" (likely meaning a notable disparity), informing Hoge that further concussions would risk permanent brain damage. Upon receiving this information, Hoge retired.

In his career, Hoge gained 3,139 rushing yards and 2,133 receiving yards, scoring 34 touchdowns. While playing fullback in the Steelers offense, he scored 10 touchdowns in 1990.

Broadcast career
In 1996, Hoge was hired as an on-air analyst for ESPN. Hoge is a well-known short-tie aficionado.

Hoge was laid off from ESPN in May 2017. In December 2017 "Your Call Football", a fan play-calling competition, hired Hoge as one of its two football coaches, joining former Green Bay Packers head coach Mike Sherman.

Surgery
Hoge injured his shoulder in an automobile accident in June 2002 and had an operation to repair a torn ligament. During an examination six months after surgery, Hoge told his doctor, Jim Bradley, also the Steelers' team physician, about a recurring back pain. Bradley began ordering tests to determine the cause. On February 14, 2003, Hoge was diagnosed with stage II Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. He had the first of six chemotherapy treatments on February 28.

"It is destroyable, it is beatable. You have everything in you to do it. The mind is a powerful thing. There is no doubt, come May, I'll be cancer free; five years after that, I'll be cured. Fifty years or whatever time I have left after that, it will be the platform I stand for. I'll be a better man. This has been a blessing." Soon after treatment began, Stanley Marks, Hoge's oncologist at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, gave him a 75-80% chance of prolonged remission.

On October 31, 2015, one month after he had surgery to repair an enlarged aorta, Merril Hoge returned at work at ESPN on NFL Matchup.

Family
Hoge lives in Fort Thomas, Kentucky with his son Beau (born 1997) and daughter Kori (born 1993). Fort Thomas is a suburb of Campbell County, Kentucky, across the river from Cincinnati, Ohio. Fellow retired NFL player, Cris Collinsworth, also calls Fort Thomas home. When Hoge was playing for the Pittsburgh Steelers, his wife Toni, who had previously resided there, did not want to live in Pittsburgh. Accordingly, he deferred to her choice and Fort Thomas became their home. Toni and Merril are now divorced. Beau was a quarterback and running back for Brigham Young University from 2015 to 2018. Hoge's nephew, Tristen Hoge, was a rookie offensive lineman for the New York Jets practice squad after being undrafted in 2021.

His mother died when he was 19.

Philanthropy
Hoge has served on the board of directors of the Highmark Caring Foundation since the early 1990s. He also ran the Hoge-Bruener-Ward Celebrity Golf Classic for over ten years.

title: Merril Hoge


text:
Associated Wholesale Grocers

Associated Wholesale Grocers, Inc. (AWG) is the United States's largest cooperative food wholesaler to independently owned supermarkets and grocery stores. It serves more than 4,000 locations in 36 states and from 8 full-line wholesale divisions. The consolidated run-rate sales for AWG is close to $10 billion. In addition to its cooperative wholesale operations, the company also operates subsidiary companies which provide certain real estate and supermarket development services, digital marketing services, and is a wholesale supply provider of health and beauty care, general merchandise, specialty/international foods and pharmaceutical supplies. It was founded in 1924 as Associated Grocers of Kansas City and was based in Kansas City, Missouri before moving to Kansas City, Kansas. Associated Wholesale Grocers distributes four private-label brands of grocery products, Best Choice, Clearly Organic, Always Save, and Superior Selections along with IGA.

History
AWG's history dates back to 1924 when a group of 20 independent grocers met for the first time to discuss the advantages of combining their buying and advertising power. Competition was fierce in those days with national chains dominating the grocery scene. Independents struggled to compete, and a cooperative effort was viewed as the only way in which to gain market strength. For two years, the group bought collectively and stored their wares in the back of a store owned by J.C. Harline at 39th and Troost in Kansas City, Missouri.

In March, 1926, Articles of Incorporation were filed. The company's first official warehouse was located in the second floor of the Morehead Grocery Company, at 3842 Troost.

In 1953, the company name was changed to Associated Wholesale Grocers, Inc., (AWG) and the following year, AWG paid its first year-end patronage of $20,441 to members. Prior to 1954, members had received dividends on their stock, usually from .50-.75 per share.

By the end of the 1960s, AWG had two new warehouses including one in Springfield. In 2010 a 50,000 square foot facility was built to replace one destroyed by fire, and in Kansas City the long-awaited 565,000 square foot office and warehouse complex was ready for occupancy in 2015.

In the late 1980s AWG members bought 40 Food Barn stores and 29 Homeland stores, and the former Homeland warehouse in Oklahoma City became AWG's third division. Valu Merchandisers, AWG's wholly owned subsidiary supplying health and beauty care products and general merchandise, came on line offering a selection of more than 12,000 items from its 219,000 square foot facility in Fort Scott, Kansas.

In 2003, AWG expanded into the southeastern United States with the acquisition of two grocery distribution centers: a 737,000 square foot facility in Goodlettsville, Tennessee and a 675,000 square foot warehouse in Southaven, Mississippi. The 2003 acquisition also included a distribution center in Memphis, Tennessee now operated by AWG's Valu Merchandisers (VMC) subsidiary. VMC supplies general merchandise and specialty foods to its customers from their Memphis facility and health and beauty products from its Fort Scott, Kansas warehouse.

In 2007, AWG acquired a distribution center from Albertsons in Fort Worth, Texas. This facility served members in Texas, New Mexico, and Louisiana. Also in 2007, AWG built a new distribution center in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. AWG built the 800,000 square foot facility to serve Oklahoma, northern Texas, and southern Kansas.

In 2011, AWG broke ground on a division in Pearl River, Louisiana. This Gulf Coast Division serves independent retailers in Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida.

In 2012, AWG completed a 30,000 square foot expansion of its headquarters in Kansas City, KS. The newly expanded complex houses over one-thousand employees, including the AWG corporate office and the Kansas City distribution center, as well as 100 employees from Valu Merchandisers Company, a wholly owned subsidiary formerly located in Kansas City, Missouri. AWG's Gulf Coast division, located in Pearl River, Louisiana, began shipping product on January 20, 2013.

In 2016, AWG reached an agreement to acquire certain assets of Affiliated Foods Midwest (AFM). AFM, a like-minded retailer-owned cooperative, supplied members that operated more than 800 stores in 15 states.

In 2017, AWG began distributing their line of groceries to the Highland, Indiana-based Strack & Van Til food stores.

In 2017, AWG announced they would sell their 200-employee, Fort Worth, Texas division.

In 2020, AWG announced plans to open distribution hubs in Memphis, Tennessee and Hernando, Mississippi.

Store concepts

 * Apple Market
 * Cash Saver
 * Country Mart
 * IGA
 * Price Chopper
 * Sun Fresh
 * ThriftWay

Selected members

 * Four B (Ball's Food Stores and Hen House Market)
 * Apple Markets of St. Joseph
 * Cosentino's
 * Harps Food Stores
 * Homeland
 * Houchens Industries
 * Market Basket
 * Ray's Apple Markets
 * Reasor's
 * Rouse's
 * RPCS Inc.
 * Superlo Foods
 * Thriftway Stores. (Kansas City, MO)
 * B&R Stores (Super Saver and Russ's Markets)
 * Gray's Finer Foods (Rockford, Illinois)
 * GES, Inc. (Edwards Food Giant and Edwards Cash Saver)
 * Mckeever's Price Chopper
 * County Fresh (Cash Saver 417, Cash Saver 870, Porter's).

title: Associated Wholesale Grocers


text: Talk:Polish–Lithuanian War

title: Talk:Polish–Lithuanian War


text:
Talk:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War

Title
Is there a reason why this article has dates in its title? Are there any other wars called "Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War"? Appleseed (Talk) 19:00, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Names
Is there any sensible reason why Polish names have to come after every proper noun in the article? Yes, we know these places are controlled by Poland now, but these names are very distracting and I don't see the point of having them. Besides that, most of these places are German settlements on previous Prussian or Pomeranian territory ... i.e. nothing to do with the Polish language. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.215.149.98 (talk • contribs) 02:41, June 23, 2007

Name
There are no refs in literature to "Polish-Lithuanian–Teutonic War". Instead, there are only to the Polish-Teutonic War... --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 16:34, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I do not know about the appropriateness of including "Teutonic" in the title, but as long as it is there, using a hyphen and an en dash is the only way of accurately presenting the relations between the combatants. There is no guideline in the Manual of Style covering this exceptional situation, but using Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War—from which location I have just moved the article back again—creates the impression of three combatants, which is, of course, false. The options are pretty limited here. Waltham, The Duke of 00:29, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Dashes Per WP:DASH:
 * "[Use en-dashes] as a substitute for some uses of and, to or versus for marking a relationship involving independent elements in certain compound expressions (Canada–US border, blood–brain barrier, time–altitude graph, 4–3 win in the opening game, male–female ratio, 3–2 majority verdict, Lincoln–Douglas debate, diode–transistor logic; but a hyphen is used in Sino-Japanese trade, in which Sino-, being a prefix, lacks lexical independence.)"
 * Since "Polish," "Lithuanian," and "Teutonic" all stand alone as separate words, they should all have the same dash. I suppose that having it between all three might seem to imply that there were three combatants, but having mixed dash/hyphens is even more confusing to me. Personally, I think that simply choosing a different name (i.e. one that does not involve this triple construction) is probably a wiser idea. If you need me, please post on my talk. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 04:06, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Name again Maybe someone from the associated WikiProjects can help. Considering the most common name policy, maybe some of them are knowledgeable about the most common name for this conflict. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 20:30, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

Reference to financial backing by UBS
Is there any special reason to state "..and with financial backing by UBS, the ..." in the abstract of the article? There is no definition of what UBS is, from what I conclude that this is the result of vandalism with a reference to the UBS bank? If not, some extra clarification is needed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.136.33.219 (talk) 16:53, 1 February 2013 (UTC)

Need an English Map
The map currently used in this article is in Polish, and so is of little use to most English-speakers. Can somebody please substitute an English map? J. D. Crutchfield | Talk 17:46, 25 April 2015 (UTC)

"Support: Hussites"
How could Hussites have played a role in this war when the war ended in 1411 and the Hussite movement didn't really take off until Hus's death in 1415?--205.172.21.143 (talk) 07:42, 14 November 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 11:11, 16 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Husitská korouhev.svg

title: Talk:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War


text:
Talk:War of the Polish Succession

Really a Polish-Russian war?
Strangely set out in "Polish-Russian war" category, as in fact the war was "Free-for-all in Poland", and the belligerents note explicitely states that poles were on both sides of the conflict. Poland itself was not an actor in this war, more a scene of action. (193.125.96.215 (talk) 12:12, 26 July 2013 (UTC))

Austrian surrender at Milan (1734)
The Austrian garrison of Milan did surrender to Charles Emmannuel III of Savoy, king of Piedmont-Sardinia, on January 2, 1734. A famous painting shows the event.

 * Can you provide a source beyond a painting? john k 13:09, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

You can find the peinture in "Storia d`Italia" - Fratelli Fabbri Ed. - Volume VIII - Page 2054. The source: "Enciclopedia Italiana Treccani" - La guerra di successione polacca.

Contradiction: Who got Parma?
At first the article says

"...the war was formally ended with the 1738 Treaty of Vienna... Francis Stephen, who lost Lorraine, was given Parma and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany"

However, later we find that

"Charles of Parma gave up Parma, which came under direct Austrian rule..."

"Direct Austrian rule" and "Francis Stephen" is definitely not the same thing since Francis only became Archduke of Austria in 1740 (see Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor)

Top.Squark (talk) 15:34, 29 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Considering it's not cited, a reliable source that differentiates them in explaining the treaty terms in suitable detail will probably indicate which it's supposed to be (I'd presume Francis Stephen, not an Austrian or Habsburg crown possession).  Magic ♪piano 15:52, 29 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Parma and Piacenza went to Charles VI directly; Francis Stephen only got Tuscany. Parma and Piacenza remained under direct Austrian control until the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, when they were ceded to Charles's younger brother Philip. I wish I had a good source available to cite.  Here's George Martin's The Red Shirt and the Cross of Savoy, p. 15 (sorry not to have a more academic source, but it's all that's at hand), after discussing Charles of Parma's (called Carlo's) conquest of Naples: "Carlo's success, however, distressed the Florentines, particularly Gian Gastone over whose exhausted body the great powers began again to thrash out the fate of Tuscany. This time, however, Elisabetta [Farnese] lost; for France, to gain the Duchy of Lorraine on its border, made a separate treaty with Austria, which Spain, in the end was forced to accept...Francis, Duke of Lorraine, was to have Tuscany on Gian Gastone's death.  As Francis was married to Charles [VI]'s daughter, Maria Theresa, the Habsburgs had, in effect, added Tuscany to their holdings in Italy...Besides gaining Tuscany, Charles, in return for acknowledging Carlo's rights to Naples and Sicily, received Parma, which he absorbed into the Duchy of Milan."  Martin makes some errors, but that is all correct. john k (talk) 16:23, 29 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I fixed the article. I leave it to others to place the appropriate citation. Top.Squark (talk) 08:50, 30 September 2010 (UTC)

Contradiction: Was Prussia a belligerent?

 * Six weeks later, CLOSING DISCUSSION: Fra nkB closing this stale debate, agreeing in main, witn conclusions of user   Magic ♪piano,
 * that Top.Squark (talk) should have acted a bit more mature on this and should have just fixed the damn minor issue after taking a professional tact, and researching the issue of fact. BTW, Prussia was a belligerent, which is oh-so-easy to believe given their history.
 * removing tagging on articles after this post. // Fra nkB 06:15, 3 December 2010 (UTC)

Prussia is not list as a belligerent in the battlebox. The references to Prussia in the text are
 * The discussion :of the perceived problem began...

"The Austrians were thus left largely without effective external allies on their southern and western frontiers. Their Russian and Saxon allies were occupied with the Polish campaign, and the Emperor distrusted Frederick William I of Prussia, who was willing to provide some aid"

and

"This cleared the way for the French army under the Duke of Berwick to besiege the imperial fort at Philippsburg, which fell after a siege of two months in July 1734. Eugene, who was accompanied by Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia, made some attempts to relieve the siege..."

The 1st passage suggests that Frederick William I offered aid but Charles VI didn't accept it. The 2nd passage mentions the future Frederick II accompanying Eugene in person, but not as a part of a Prussian army. Nevertheless, the article is placed under the "History of Prussia" category. The War of Polish Succession is also unmentioned in the article about Frederick William I of Prussia.

However, according to War of the Austrian Succession:

"Prussia in 1740 was a small and thoroughly organized emerging international power. While the only recent war experience of its army had been in the desultory War of the Polish Succession (Rhine campaign of 1733–1735)..."

And according to Frederick II of Prussia:

"When Prussia provided a contingent of troops to aid Austria during the War of the Polish Succession, Frederick studied under Prince Eugene of Savoy during the campaign against France on the Rhine."

Top.Squark (talk) 16:28, 2 October 2010 (UTC)

 * If the Holy Roman Empire itself (that is to say, the Imperial Diet) declared war on France, which I'm not sure it did, then Frederick William, as elector of Brandenburg, would have been expected to provide a contingent of troops, but wouldn't necessarily have mobilized most of his army, or declared war himself. Maybe that's what happened? I'm not really sure, though.  I'm not sure if there's any good recent books on the War of the Polish Succession. john k (talk) 16:37, 2 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Note that the Holy Roman Empire is also not in the battlebox: "Habsburg Monrachy" is. Top.Squark (talk) 21:36, 2 October 2010 (UTC)
 * So a "suggestion" that something can be read one way versus another becomes a contradiction? Perhaps you need to learn to use the less strident clarify and/or vague tags?  If you knew how much material is missing from this article (especially on diplomatic and political matters), you'd realize arguing this turn of phrase is like straining at gnats, and that expand would be a more appropriate banner.  (BTW, the article on Frederick William I of Prussia appears to be a fairly unvarnished EB1911 summary, so any detail it lacks is hardly surprising.  It has had minimal substantive content change since at least 2007.)
 * As far as I know, the only English-language work dedicated to this war is Sutton (1980, see source list), which is not likely to be found outside academic libraries. The German Feldzüge des Prinzen Eugen covers some of the internal HRE politics, and will probably mention the Prussian military contribution, even if it does not go into whether Prussia actually formally declared war (it's been a while since I looked at it).  Prince Frederick's appearance in the campaign appears to be quite well documented.  Magic ♪piano 17:45, 2 October 2010 (UTC)
 * The absence of Prussia from the battlebox is a statement of its non-participation in the war. However, the other articles clearly indicate it did participate. Hence I see a contradiction. In any case there is a problem here which must be fixed. Top.Squark (talk) 21:36, 2 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Let's see: you spent how much time yourself (1) drafting the above complaint, and (2) bannering three different articles, instead of (3) simply adding Prussia as a belligerent here. Do you consider this discussion a productive use of your time, or mine?  (It's not like many of us are unaware that WP contains legitimate contradictions, incomplete, unreferenced, and biased articles.  Pointing specific issues out is not particularly helpful; fixing them is.  You've already done half the work; now do the rest.)  Magic ♪piano 21:52, 2 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I cannot add Prussia as a belligerent since it might be that the other articles are wrong and this one is right. It also might be that the truth is half way. For example, it is possible that the Holy Roman Empire should be a belligerent and Branderburg participated as part of the empire as opposed to Saxony which participated "personally": I simply don't know. Regarding pointing specific issues out being unhelpful, I'm sorry, but I completely disagree. As a matter of fact I got many issues fixed by pointing them out (including errors which have been around since 2002!) Actually, I recently fixed a factual error in this very article, with the help of john k. Top.Squark (talk) 06:32, 3 October 2010 (UTC)
 * A consistent reading indicates that all these articles state (without citation) that Prussia participated in the war. The fact that this article's language is vague does not mean it is necessarily inconsistent with the others.  This means the only error of significance is in the infobox.  (News flash: an infobox has incorrect content; in other news, dog bites man, and the Pope is Catholic.)  It's certainly possible that everyone else is wrong; I'm sure you could spend 10 minutes in Google Books and get a citable determination, rather than spending that time plastering banners everywhere and drafting the statement. (It took me 4 minutes to find what I would consider an acceptable source that contains a suitable description of Prussia's participation or lack thereof: now it's your turn.)  Magic ♪piano 14:34, 3 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Oh, so it's not big news the infobox is wrong, is it? Who cares about the facts anyway, right? The important thing is not having ugly templates in the pretty article! Top.Squark (talk) 11:21, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * When I find broken infoboxes, I fix them rather than flagging the issue; I suggest you adopt the same tack. Have you spent the 4 minutes yet?  Magic ♪piano 11:26, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * And by the way, if I really objected to the ugly template, I would have fixed the "contradiction" after doing my 4 minutes of research. I object to pointless templates, which this is a fine instance of, for reasons cited above.  Magic ♪piano 13:09, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * The only pointless thing is this argument Top.Squark (talk) 10:48, 23 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Six weeks later, CLOSING DISCUSSION: Fra nkB closing this stale debate, agreeing in main, witn conclusions of user   Magic ♪piano,
 * that Top.Squark (talk) should have acted a bit more mature on this and should have just fixed the damn minor issue after taking a professional tact, and researching the issue of fact. BTW, Prussia was a belligerent, which is oh-so-easy to believe given their history.
 * removing tagging on articles after this post. // Fra nkB 06:15, 3 December 2010 (UTC)

Bourbons & Hapsburgs... not
Polish Sucession war was not a "Bourbon vs Hapsburg" War -as opposite to the War of Spanish Succession-. So, the adding of "Bourbon" in the belligerents box adds nothing but confusion, since it can lead to think there were anti-bourbon Spanish and French forces fighting with Russia & Austria. In my not so humble opinion. --Voj 2005 (talk) 18:47, 30 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I think it was very much a Bourbon vs. Habsburg war; it is currently explicitly characterized as such. Why would labelling one side lead to the implication that others with that label were fighting on the other side?  If there were significant Bourbon or Habsburg forces on "the other side" of the conflict from the crowns so labelled, they should be identified specifically as belligerents. If you want to claim that it was not a Bourbon vs. Habsburg conflict (at least as far as the Italian and Rhineland campaigns are concerned), please provide some reliable sources saying as much.  Magic ♪piano 21:29, 30 January 2011 (UTC)
 * How can I provide a source about something's not existence? France & Spain kings were Bourbons, as Austria were Hapsburg. But, where were the Bourbons in Poland or the Hapsburgs in Russia? --Voj 2005 (talk) 12:11, 18 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Where were the Habsburgs in England and the Bourbons in Bavaria during the War of the Spanish Succession? john k (talk) 13:51, 18 February 2011 (UTC)
 * You could find a historian who claims "it wasn't a habsburg vs. bourbon conflict" and cite him/her, or you could find a source that describes the conflict in different terms. (I also don't understand your question about Bourbons in Poland and Habsburgs in Russia -- Poland and Russia are not depicted as being Bourbon and Habsburg, either in the infobox, or in the article text.)  Magic ♪piano 14:36, 18 February 2011 (UTC)

B-class review
This article is currently at start/C class, but could be improved to B-class if it had more (inline) citations. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| talk to me 23:31, 15 May 2012 (UTC)

Disrepair of this Article Does No Justice to its Historical Significance
I call upon a historian, amateur or otherwise, adept in knowledge of the War of the Polish Succession and, namely, the Italian campaigns of this war to provide for the general and necessary renovation of this article, and this for a key and historic reason: This article is one of the most important historical articles on Wikipedia as concerning world affairs and how they relate to the Bible. Chapter 11 of the Book of Daniel (Daniel 11), verse 40, mentions a "king of the south" which "at the time of the end" "pushes at him" (the "him" here is understood to be either the "king who exalts himself" or the "king of the north": I believe the former to be this "him"). While all Biblical translations lose something from the original, there is still enough understanding to determine that the "king of the south" is in reference to Spain during this War of the Polish Succession, and that none other than Charles III of Spain led the assault into Italy, against the Papal Fiefs, essentially challenging the Papal States and the power of the Papacy, itself, as well as challenging the power of military protectors of the Papal States, such as Austria. As such, the section of this article concerning the Italian Campaigns deserves a renovation for the ages. The paragraph concerning military incursions of Spain into Sicily, Naples, and throughout central Italy should be factual, well-written, and concise. Historical information such as the status of the Kingdom of Naples as an ancient fief of the Papal States should not be downplayed. This also goes for the status of other Papal fiefs, such as Sicily. The title of this war, "War of the Polish Succession", does no justice towards the popular understanding of the significance of this war: and that is of Spain, a southern kingdom of the European political landscape, militarily engaging fiefs of the Papal States and the military protectors of said fiefs and Papal States, thus signifying the beginning of the "time of the end", the last span of time in which the Gentiles tread the Holy City, a span of time which is altogether "three and a half years", "forty-two months", and "one thousand two hundred and sixty days", such span having begun long before this final time. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.62.26.18 (talk) 18:30, 14 June 2012 (UTC)

 * How does this relate anything to the bible in anyway. Redyr iksachli (talk) 17:15, 5 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Or the article Redyr iksachli (talk) 04:48, 6 July 2023 (UTC)

Dates for the war
Wouldn't the dates of this war be given more accurately as 1733-1735? I realize that the final peace treaty was only signed in 1738, but there had been a preliminary peace agreement and no fighting for three years by that point. To go to a possibly similar case, World War I is universally acknowledged to have ended in November 1918, even though the final peace treaty for the war (the Treaty of Lausanne) was not signed until 1923. john k (talk) 03:23, 7 September 2015 (UTC)

Leopold of Anhalt Dessau in the info box
Why is Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau in the infobox as in the articles about the war and even himself it doesn’t state that he did really anything during that time in the upmost related to the war. Shouldn’t Frederick William be put in as he is directly stated to be at least some what apart of the war involving Prussia. Redyr iksachli (talk) 17:12, 5 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:War of the Polish Succession