text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Musclebear

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was REDIRECT to Bear community. -Splash talk 21:49, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Musclebear
Neoplogism ≈ jossi ≈ 01:57, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't see why it should be deleted, it's a valid term, and not even that new of a term. If the bear community deserved an entry I don't see why this doesn't. --70.248.132.82 01:59, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment | Twenty-two thousand hits on Google for "musclebear". I'm torn between Keep and Transwiki to Wiktionary, though, because I am not sure that there is enough verifiable material to make an article out of it.  Most of the hits are for gyms and porn sites.  Jkelly 03:00, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Bear community, which covers the same ground and even defines "muscle bear." Doctor Whom 03:25, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect as per Doctor Whom. Jkelly 04:53, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect per above. - Mgm|(talk) 09:12, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect, per Doctor Whom. >:  Roby Wayne  Talk •  Hist 23:08, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:InvictaHOG

Joined wikipedia (9/28/05)

Medical articles created
Created omphalitis, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, Jaffe v. Redmond, myelin basic protein, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, community-acquired pneumonia, cefpodoxime, cefepime, cefotaxime, sulbactam, sultamicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, imipenem, cilastatin, Uhthoff's phenomenon, eosinophilic pneumonia, hemosiderin, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, Albert Fraenkel, Carl Friedländer, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Hamman-Rich syndrome, walking pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia, empiric therapy, Burkholderia cepacia complex, amikacin, bronchoalveolar lavage, otoscope, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Kirby-Bauer antibiotic testing, pneumonia (non-human), aspergilloma, Charcot-Leyden crystals, Darier's sign, Ewart's sign, Boston's sign, Mee's lines, Nardi test, Patrick's test, Finkelstein's test, Mentzer index, Crowe sign, Osborn wave, Löffler's syndrome, tropical pyomyositis, Gleason score, transrectal ultrasonography, Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, Epstein's pearls, Lisker's sign, Winterbottom's sign, watchful waiting, Endorectal coil magnetic resonance imaging, Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy, suprapubic cystostomy, radical retropubic prostatectomy, radical perineal prostatectomy, toremifene, Iodine-125, Palladium-103, nilutamide, triptorelin, radiation proctitis, samarium-153-ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate, Niccolò Massa, John Thomas sign, subungual hematoma, Riggler's sign, Murphy's punch sign, McMurray test, Apley grind test, Arneth count, List of famous people with breast cancer, KAL1 gene, anosmin-1, Short stature homeobox gene, Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis, PDZ (biology), Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, Meconium peritonitis, Congenital absence of the vas deferens, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, List of notable people with cystic fibrosis, Intrapulmonary percussive ventilator, Fibroblast growth factor 23, Phosphate-regulating endopeptidase gene, Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, oncofetal antigens, Mixed connective tissue disease, Human blood group systems, Kell antigen system, XK (protein), Kidd antigen system, Transfusion reaction, Transfusion-related immunomodulation, Colton antigen system, Yt antigen system, Sir George Frederic Still, interleukin-3 receptor, Muckle-Wells syndrome, Periodic fever syndrome, TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome, Neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease, Human accelerated regions, HAR1F, Thromboxane receptor, Kindler syndrome, Eculizumab, Growth chart, Alternating hemiplegia of childhood, Eosinophilic folliculitis, black damp, Renal-coloboma syndrome, Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome, and nephrostomy.

Finland/Russia/Siberia/Mongolia/China articles created
Uspenski Cathedral, Saint John's Church (Helsinki, Finland), Our Lady of Vladimir Church, Yelagin Island, Balezino, Bolshie Koty, Goose Lake (Russia), Slyudyanka, Baraba steppe, Odigitrievsky Cathedral, Yurty, Kultuk, and Yelagin Palace

Major contributions
Cabot, Arkansas, Health aspects of Down syndrome, medical record, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Section added to ammonia

Featured articles
Pneumonia, multiple sclerosis, cystic fibrosis, and prostate cancer. Section added to Down syndrome

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:InvictaHOG


text:
MegaBeast Investigator Juspion

MegaBeast Investigator Juspion (巨獣特捜ジャスピオン), also known as Space Wolf Juspion or simply Juspion, is a Japanese tokusatsu television series and part of the Metal Hero Series franchise. Produced by Toei Company, it was originally broadcast from 15 March 1985 to 24 March 1986, running for 46 episodes. For distribution purposes, Toei refers to this television series as Jaspion.

Plot
While reading the Galactic Bible, the space hermit Edjinn learns of a shocking prophecy: When the dark god Satan Goth awakens, the universe will be ravaged by giant monsters filled with rage. After Satan Goth appears and the prophecy is set in motion, Edjinn orders Juspion, who Edjinn has been tutoring, to stop him and combat the corrupted MegaBeasts. Juspion travels with his friends Anri the android and Miya the alien across the galaxy in his battleship Daileon to confront Satan Goth and his army. Eventually, Juspion land on Earth, which, it turns out, is a prolific source of MegaBeasts (it is explained that the dinosaurs were part of that group), and many of them are still asleep in various locations.

Amongst Juspion's arsenal, there is his Metal Tech Suit armor, made of a very rare mineral called Edjinium and equipped with a visor called Sensor Eye that can scan the environment with x-ray and night vision, and his Plasma Blazer Sword, which can be contracted for storage and can be infused with the plasma during combat, and his Beam Scanner Gun. His warship Daileon also houses the Super Planetary Combat Tank Garbin, which doubles as the Garbin Jet, and a motorcycle vehicle called Super Planetary Machine Iron Wolf. Daileon itself can transform into a giant robot called Super Planetary Battle Giant Daileon. Daileon is frequently Juspion's final and most devastating tool to be used against MegaBeasts.

Daileon crew
Based on the silver Super Planetary Battleship Daileon (超惑星戦闘母艦ダイレオン), Juspion travels across worlds to pursue Satan Goth. When facing a rampaging MegaBeast, Juspion converts Daileon into the Super Planetary Combat Giant Daileon (超惑星戦闘巨人ダイレオン) to defeat MegaBeasts with its Cosmic Crash double punches.

 * Juspion (ジャスピオン) The main hero of the series, Juspion is an orphan raised by Edjinn, until he embarks on his quest to fight the MegaBeasts and defeat Satan Goth. Juspion travels between planets to stop Satan Goth until he arrives on Earth. His Metal-Tech suit is made from the very rare galactic mineral Edjinium and grants superhuman capabilities to its owner. The name "Juspion" is a portmanteau of "Justice" and "Champion"
 * Anri (アンリ) An android created by Edjinn, she is Juspion's companion in his journey. Being a machine, Anri is immune to evil powers.
 * Rare-Beast Miya (宇宙の珍獣ミーヤ) A baby alien creature found by Juspion and Anri on planet Beezee when her parents were killed saving them from the native hunters. Soon after, Juspion adopts Miya as a pet. She is very friendly, intelligent, sociable and an excellent cook. She originally doesn't speak, sometimes only repeating her name, until Anri teaches her to speak properly beginning in episode 22.

Vehicles

 * Super Planetary Machine Iron Wolf (超惑星マシーン アイアンウルフ) Juspion's silver motorcycle.
 * Super Planetary Combat Tank Garbin (超惑星戦車 ガービン) Juspion's silver tank, which splits into the Garbin Tank with twin drills and the Garbin Jet.

Allies

 * Edjinn (エジン) A space hermit and scientist, Edjinn is the descendant of prophets who defended the Galactic Bible for millennia. While raising Juspion, he serves as Juspion's spiritual guide and mentor. He sacrifices his own life at the end of the series by confronting Satan Goth alone to give Juspion the time he needs to find the "Galactic Tarzan". The name "Edjinn" is a portmanteau of "Elderly" and "Djinn".
 * Boome-Run (ブーメラン) (6-10, 12, 31 and 32) After his older brother, an Interpol investigator, was killed by Satan Goth's forces, this medical student vowed revenge and became an International US Marshal, fighting with his twin boomerangs. The name "Boome-Run" is a portmanteau of "Boomerang" and "Home Run".
 * The Nanbara Family (15-20, 22, 24; 25–27, 35-40 42, 44–46) Photographer Kenichirou Nanbara (南原 健一郎), his older daughter Kanoko Nanbara (南原 かの子) and his younger son Kenta Nanbara (南原 健太) became closely linked with Juspion when Kenichirou took a photo of the Golden Bird. It turned out that Kanoko was one of the five children chosen by the Golden Bird to house its power until the time came.
 * Gary and Anna (ケーリーとハンナ) (18) Juspion's biological parents, they worked for the health of animals across the galaxy. Gary was an animal caretaker for the Galactic Federation while Anna was a zoologist. They were both killed when their wrecked spaceship, attacked by Zampa, fell on Edjinn's Planet. They both reappeared as spirits to help Juspion defeat Zampa.
 * The Golden Bird (黄金の鳥) The guardian phoenix god of the galaxy, a manifestation of the energies of righteousness. The bird scattered itself into seven lights that choose Juspion, Kanoko, along with four other children, and a baby born from the light to serve as its vessels until all seven are brought together so that Golden Bird can leave their bodies and become whole again for the final battle with Satan Goth, turning itself into a Golden Sword (黄金の剣) used by Daileon to slay Super Satan Goth.
 * Tarzan (ターザン) (46) A baby mentioned in a prophecy in the Galactic Bible born from one of the seven lights of the Golden Bird, he landed on Earth, sleeping in a life support pod, as the sole survivor of a spaceship attacked by pirates. Juspion saw himself in the baby and named him Tarzan, adopting the child after Super Satan Goth's defeat.

MegaBeast Empire

 * Satan Goth (サタンゴース) A being born of the negative energy of the cosmos, the great god-demon whose revival was foretold in the Galactic Bible with the power to enrage the creatures, turning them in vicious monsters. Satan Goth's objective is to create a MegaBeast Empire in the galaxy and rule it from the Planet of the MegaBeasts. Originally a giant pupil stage resembling a cross between Darth Vader and Megatron, in the endgame arc, Satan Goth reaches the peak of his power and molts to become Great Satan Goth (大サタンゴース), possessing a Cthulhu-like appearance and the power to bend nature to his will, turning cities into forests overnight. He was defeated by the Daileon Cosmic Harley (ダイレオンコズミックハーレー) attack where Daileon brandished a Golden Sword created by the Golden Bird in the final episode.
 * Madgallant (マッドギャラン) (4-45) The son of Satan Goth and his heir to the MegaBeast Empire. Juspion's antagonist throughout the series, he is capable of fighting him with his sword (similar to Juspion's) and with his black VTOL 6-legged insectoid walker/plane. He wears a reminiscent black Metal-Tech suit similar to Juspion's and can take on human form. Madgallant is destroyed once by Juspion in episode 29, but is soon resurrected by Gilza; in the penultimate episode of the series, he has a climatic final battle with Juspion. After being badly injured by Juspion in this battle and furious by refusing to admit that a "mere human" could be stronger than a super life-form, he turns himself into a giant Satan Goth for a few moments, similar to his father's first form, and tries to attack the hero, but due to being previously wounded he returns to his original form and dies right after.
 * Amazonesses (アマゾネス) (10) Two revived Amazon women created under Madgallant's rule in order to locate the long-extinct Pirazar and revive it as a weapon against Juspion.
 * The Four Evil Warlords (悪の四天王) The hirelings of Madgallant.
 * Ikki (イッキ) (13-15) The top-ranking ruthless bodyguard in the galaxy. Born in a planet located at the other extreme of the galaxy, he was the first enemy in the entire series to be killed via Juspion's fatal attack Cosmic Halley. His main weapon was a trident that could blow fire from its bottom tip, and he could also fire his own clenched fists like jet-propelled explosive projectiles.
 * Zampa (ザンパ) (13-18) Evil android who wrongly blamed Gary and Anna for mobilizing the Galactic Federation against him and destroying his Machine Empire. As revenge, Zampa attacked Juspion's family's spaceship, forcing a disastrous crash land that killed them both, leaving only Juspion to survive. His main weapon was a kusarigama, and he transformed into his android form with superior strength and endurance, and the ability to fire concussive lasers from his eyes. Still, even so Juspion managed to destroy him, thus avenging his deceased family.
 * Brima (ブリマ) and Gyol (ギョール) (13-44) The two women who became Madgallant's personal bodyguards after Ikki's and Zampa's deaths by Juspion. Brima is a dark prophet with white clothing and a ball-shaped helmet, her main weapons were a crystal ball and occasional magic daggers; Gyol is a spy and disguise master clad in basic red and black space armor, her main weapon is a combination of spear/flute/blowgun, not only could she shoot the blade on the end forward to explode against Juspion, but she could also play a tune on it to transform herself and others into different forms (such as disguising herself into a bird to spy on others, or to turn other people into animals to get this one boy to use his skills to draw Juspion being defeated). She could also use the flute to control others' minds but as a result of Juspion's power armor he was immune to her flute, however, she could cause him to suffer vertigo so as to teleport herself and others to safety. In their final appearance, their weapons were destroyed by Juspion, resulting in them magically combining themselves into a wolf-beast form to attack Juspion, who defeated the beast with his Cosmic Halley fatal attack, killing both.
 * Zamurai (ザムライ) (19) A sea coral-shielded seal-faced undead samurai warrior who lived deep in the sea since his imprisonment 900 years ago - in a flashback explaining that time, under his real name Tokifusa Unno, Zamurai planned to kill respected general Minamoto no Yoritomo for the Heikei in exchange for a huge reward, but he was defeated by Minamoto and was imprisoned in the sea, bringing forth his current story; back to present day, he and Madgallant worked on a plan to create dolphin missile-launchers to destroy submarines and battleships around the world in exchange for control over the MegaBeast Empire's dolphin farm. Zamurai fights with a spear and hidden swords and is practically immortal thanks to leeching off of his MegaBeast Seablur's life force.
 * Girarist (ギラリスト) (20) A mariachi-looking space murderer (with his own Mexican-sounding background music). He lured Juspion into a cave to study all of the hero's weapons and powers in order to kill and entomb him forever. Girarist was the only villain in the whole series not to die at Juspion's hands (it is even uncertain if Girarist is really dead after the cave collapsed on him).
 * Enchantress Chikita (魔女千北) (22) Brima's teacher of dark arts, she placed a curse on Kanoko to try to discover where the Golden Bird is. She had many supernatural abilities, including powers of illusion and shooting spider webs from her hands to entangle Juspion. She also used her pet giant Spida to attack Juspion, aiding it by using her illusions to make it impossible for any enemy to detect her true location. Juspion later discovered that Spida was an illusion made by Chikita and fired his Daileon Beam at it.
 * Gasami brothers (ガサミ兄弟) Space mercenary brothers who pillaged and destroyed several planets (amidst them Koko's planet Dodo). Gasami the Younger (ガサミ弟) (25) is first terminated by Juspion; in a devilish attempt to avenge his brother, Gasami the Elder (ガサミ兄) (25 & 26) (along with MegaBeast Boga) tackles the hero and gets destroyed as well.
 * Cutie Girls (キューティーガールズ) (27) A trio of young evil women composed of Cutie Ace (キューティーエース), Cutie Heart (キューティーハート) and Cutie Queen (キューティークイーン). They kidnapped young people and turned them into bestial creatures under Madgallant's control by draining their essence. Their true form is the Cerberus-like Triple-Faced Bestial Warrior (三面獣人戦士).
 * AI-GER Man (アイガーマン) (28) An android with a western face who extensively studied Juspion's and Daileon's attributes in order to predict their attacks. He and his MegaBeast AI-GER could only be defeated when Juspion performed a new fighting move unknown to AI-GER Man, causing the latter's downfall.
 * Galactic Witch Gilza (銀河魔女ギルザ) (29-36) An alien witch who was responsible for bringing Madgallant back to life when he was first defeated in battle by Juspion. Gilza is precisely an expert in curses and general dark arts. Gilza had successfully removed Juspion's soul with a potion but it was returned to him shortly after. She had with her an enchanted knife that was her focus in battle and used it to try to remove Juspion's soul during the last fight. Her knife was the only thing that could harm her and Juspion used it to weaken her and finally defeat Gilza with the Cosmic Halley attack.
 * Silk (シルク), Genga (ゲンガ), and Zauru (ザウル) (31) Three yakuza-styled mobsters (Silk is human while Genga and Zauru are his cyborg hirelings), hunted down incessantly by Boome-Run for provoking several wars in the world. They allied with Madgallant in a double, menacing plan of kidnapping several children and demanding a ransom in the form of gold bars stolen from the Japan National Bank. This plan, however, was to divert Juspion and US Marshal Boome-Run's attention while Madgallant worked on his plan: to sink Japan's islands into the ocean by nuking them with small nuclear warheads. Silk is perhaps the only human in the entire series to be defeated by Juspion's Cosmic Halley attack, perishing along with his two bodyguards.
 * Chip (チップ) (32) An old alien scientist from Planet L who sells Helper Robots on Earth that are really lethal weapons working for Satan Goth to rig bombs to people's appliances.
 * Alien Braggle (異星人 ブラグル) (37) a reptilian-looking alien specializing in culinary arts, he created an evil duplicate of Miya in order to lure Juspion into a devious trap involving poisoned food. Braggle can fire small powerful energy orbs and fights with a rapier.
 * Gilmaza (ギルマーザ) (39-46) The "Specter Queen" of the Dark Galaxy and Gilza's elder sister, debuting shortly after Gilza's death. In order to receive some of Satan Goth's evil power, Gilmaza infiltrated several planets across the universe and slowly caused the extinction of these civilizations through futile strategies - such as, in Planet Zabos, by prophesizing the youth to the Church of Satan Goth, corrupting them and causing the planet to spiral into crime; or, in Planet Sweet, by cleverly manipulating the leaders of East and West, leading them ultimately to nuclear war disguised as a sorceress. She died with Madgallant's foot soldiers after Satan Goth was killed and the energy he released vaporized them all. She has her Space Ninjas as her top soldiers.
 * Space Ninjas (宇宙忍者) Gilmaza's top soldiers created through her black magic, they wear suits of black armor differing only in the color of their forehead plates (which name them after the element they represent, in a conception taken directly from Taoism). They all have two "default attacks" (a plasmic projectile with the same color of their forehead plates and a kind of "plasma sword", both channeled via their hands) and one peculiar fighting "special technique" (except for Water). They only revealed their true forms after having their heads split open by Juspion's Plasma Blazer Sword.
 * Space Ninja Fire (宇宙忍者 カ) (39-43) Apparently the group's leader. His "special technique" consists of him jumping above a jet of fire and then rushing into the enemy, strongly hitting him with an explosion; his true form is of a meteor/comet, referred to as the Fire Magma Shell, which fuels the Wind Cannon.
 * Space Ninja Wind (宇宙忍者 フウ) (39-43) His "special technique" is similar to Fire's but using wind instead of fire; his true form is of a cannon which springs out of his neck, referred to as the Wind Cannon, fueled by Fire Magma Shell.
 * Space Ninja Earth (宇宙忍者 ドウ) (39) His "special technique" has him burrowing deep into the earth to provoke massive earthquakes or ambush careless enemies; his true form is of a flying skeletal centipede-like demon that has powerful jaws, can project plasma discharges and create a holographic illusion of itself with double size, thus increasing attack power.
 * Space Ninja Water (宇宙忍者 スイ) (39 and 40) Unlike the other four ninjas, he never exhibited any "special technique" of his own, thus being limited to default attacks; his true form is of a kind of spiked satellite/steel orb which shoots powerful electric discharges and sticks physically into any surface to drain energy through physical contact.
 * Space Ninja Wood (宇宙忍者 モク) (39-42) His "special technique" allows him to fire green gravity beams from his fingertips; his true form is of a space fighter wearing white clothing with a horrible demonic mask and fighting with a naginata, in similarity with a kabuki artist.
 * Tiger Joe (タイガージョー) (41) A bounty hunter whose reputation reached the Dark Galaxy that was brainwashed by Gilmaza to kill his best friend Juspion.
 * The MegaBeast Empire also is shown to have a rather diverse troop of unnamed foot soldiers.

MegaBeasts

 * MegaBeast Marigos (巨獣 マリゴス) This monster appeared in episode 1. Its powers include asexual reproduction, mouth energy balls, and mouth flames.
 * MegaBeast Hanedar (巨獣 ハネダー) This monster appeared in episode 1. Its powers include flight and talons.
 * MegaBeast Tetsugoth (巨獣 テツゴス) This monster appeared in episode 2. Its powers include burrowing, freezing mist from the mouth, eye energy blasts, and a whip tail.
 * MegaBeast Namagerath (巨獣 ナマゲラス) This monster appeared in episodes 3 and 25. Its powers include mouth flames and a forehead horn. It is the only MegaBeast to appear in multiple episodes.
 * MegaBeast Gaios (巨獣 ガイオス) This monster appeared in episode 4. Its powers include swimming, burrowing, mouth flames, a launchable back shell with extendable spikes, and explosive mouth mist.
 * Unnamed MegaBeast This unnamed MegaBeast appeared in episode 5. Its powers include dimensional traveling, a fanged trunk, and twin tusks.
 * Gelgon (ゲルゴン) This monster appeared in episode 6. Its parent can burrow, shoot mouth flames, and shoot body sparks that grant flight.
 * MegaBeast Rock-Gorilla (巨獣 イワゴリーラ) This monster appeared in episode 7. Its powers include internal tentacles, a rocking body, and a mouth mist.
 * MegaBeast Demon-Deviler (巨獣 オニデビラー) This monster appeared in episode 8. Its powers include absorbing smaller lifeforms and twin-head horns.
 * MegaBeast Kidama (巨獣 キダマー) This monster appeared in episode 9, created from a lone Tree Spirit. Its powers include flight, intense cedar pollen from the mouth, burrowing by spinning, ensnaring roots, and explosive mouth spears.
 * MegaBeast Pirazar (巨獣 ピラザール) This monster appeared in episode 10, created from the fossil of the long extinct Pirazar. Its powers include swimming, pressurized water from the top mouth, and reinforced scales.
 * MegaBeast Frogorath (巨獣 ガマゴラス) This monster appeared in episode 11. Its powers include life-enhancing body oil that will also turn the subject berserk, burrowing, a long tongue, mouth flames, and teleportation.
 * MegaBeast Kabegonta (巨獣 カベゴンタ) This monster appeared in episode 13, created from a page of a child's comic book when blown onto a stone slab. Its powers include size-changing, shape-shifting via sight, sand-reducing touch, and teleportation.
 * MegaBeast OceanKing (巨獣 ウミキング) This monster appeared in episode 14. Its powers include swimming, a high resistance to heat, a long tail for whipping and coiling and turning fire into its own energy.
 * MegaBeast Portsanky (巨獣 ポートサンキ) This monster appeared in episode 15. Its powers include burrowing and explosive mouth mist.
 * Dymanian (ダイマ星人) This monster appears in episode 16. Its powers include extendable arms that read/wipe minds, antennae energy bolts, and holograms.
 * MegaBeast Head-Dorimar (巨獣 ヘッド-ドリマー) This monster appeared in episode 17. Its powers include invisibility, mouth suction, internal tentacles, burrowing, a detachable head on the tail, and holograms.
 * MegaBeast Seablur (巨獣 ウミブラー) This monster appeared in episode 19. Its powers include swimming, a howitzer cannon on each shoulder, and an anchor. It was also the granter of Zamurai's immortality factor.
 * MegaBeast Headstone (巨獣 ハカバーン) This monster appeared in episode 20. Its powers include mouth flames and a pair of Kama.
 * MegaBeast Magnadar (巨獣 マグナダー) This monster appeared in episode 21. Its powers include electromagnetic hurricanes and a falcata.
 * Spida (クモーダ) This monster appeared in episode 22. Its powers include levitation, teleportation, mouth webs, spear legs, explosive eye flashes, and illusions, itself being an illusion created by Chikita.
 * MegaBeast Leonion (巨獣 シシオーン) This monster appeared in episode 23. Its powers include high jumping, reinforced teeth, and mouth flames. Since it was a tamed MegaBeast, Juspion had to unwillingly kill it in a very heart-breaking scene due to Satan Goth's deep possession.
 * MegaBeast Profiit (巨獣 モク) This monster appeared in episode 24. Its powers include eye electric bolts, burrowing, an extendable tongue, and arm whips.
 * MegaBeast Donges (巨獣 ドンゲス) This monster appeared in episode 25. Its powers include burrowing, pincer claw hands, psychic explosions, head mandibles that emit energy surges, and tail energy blasts.
 * MegaBeast Boga (巨獣 ボーガー) This monster appeared in episode 26. Its powers include an extendable energy-draining trunk and nose flames.
 * MegaBeast Sodomon (巨獣 ソドモン) This monster appeared in episode 27. Its powers include burrowing, mouth mist, and creating illusions.
 * MegaBeast AI-GER (巨獣 アイガー) This robotic monster appeared in episode 28. Its powers include the Go-Boomerang saw for the right arm, burrowing, a torso drill, and replacing his left hand with a hammer or wrecking ball.
 * MegaBeast Gasler (巨獣 ガスラー) This monster appeared in episode 29. Its powers include explosive toxic gas from body and mouth tubes and burrowing.
 * MegaBeast Balloom (巨獣 バルーム) This monster appeared in episode 30. Its powers include flight, spawning balloon lifeforms, and a balled tail that emits explosive sparks.
 * MegaBeast Deathchillas (巨獣 デスチラス) This monster appeared in episode 31 that was also a time bomb. Its powers include swimming, depth charges from the mouth, and fast burrowing.
 * MegaBeast Mazin (巨獣 マジン) This monster appeared in episode 33. Its powers include a red electrical shield, illusionary MegaBeasts that emit electric shocks, and mouth flames.
 * MegaBeast Phodon (巨獣 フォードン) This robotic monster appeared in episode 34. Its powers include a head cannon and a missile on each foot. It reappears later in episode 42, rebuilt as a wheeled guardian tank. Its powers now include four wrecking balls in the top, and a drill in the head in addition to the head cannon from its original form.
 * MegaBeast Jimushi (巨獣 ジムシ) This monster appeared in episode 36. Its powers include fast burrowing and sharp claws.
 * MegaBeast Prawnzole (巨獣 エビゾール) This monster appeared in episode 37. Its powers include a right-hand claw and a left-hand fork.
 * "Miya's MegaBeast Form" Really Prawnzole in disguise with Brima's help as part of Madgallant's plan to destroy Juspion. Its powers include high jumping, reinforced teeth, and mouth flames.
 * MegaBeast AquaRocky (巨獣 アクアロッキー) This monster appeared in episode 38. Its only known power is burrowing. It was also the only monster in the entire series who couldn't land a single hit on Daileon before being completely destroyed by it.
 * MegaBeast Diagorath (巨獣 ディアゴラス)'' This monster appeared in episode 40. Its powers include creating fake diamonds from the skin, burrowing, and tail lasers.
 * MegaBeast Destran (巨獣 デストラン) This monster appeared in episode 41. Its powers include burrowing, tentacle hair, a knife for each hand, and eye energy bolts.
 * MegaBeast Badorges (巨獣 バドルゲズ) The final monster of the series appeared in episode 44. Its powers include a mouth machine gun and mouth flames. It is the only MegaBeast destroyed by the Juspion Cosmic Halley, Meteor Slash (ジャスピオンコズミックハレー流星斬り) attack, as he was unable to call for Daileon in a Super Satan Goth Zone.

Episodes
On January 6, 1986 (The day that episode 35 aired) the show later aired on Mondays instead of Fridays.
 * 1) Planet of the Giant Beasts (巨大怪獣の惑星): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Yoshiaki Kobayashi
 * 2) Tragedy of the Super-A.I. Planet Sakura (悲しみの超電子星サクラ): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Yoshiaki Kobayashi
 * 3) Protect this Galactic Boy's Dreams! (守れ! 銀河少年の夢): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 4) Set Course for the Third Planet (第3惑星に進路を取れ): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 5) Look! That's Your Dad's Star (ほら! あれが父さん星だ): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Michio Konishi
 * 6) The Child Beast and the Children (子供獣と子供たち): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Michio Konishi
 * 7) Super-Powered Rock-Gorilla's Massive Counterattack (怪力イワゴリーラの大逆襲): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 8) Shining Smiles Over Green Fields: Lott and Sachi's Flight (草原に輝く笑顔・ロットとサチが駈ける): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 9) A Certain Tree's Tale (ある巨木のものがたり): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Makoto Tsuji
 * 10) The Female Spies and the Ancient Mystery Fish (女スパイを連れた古代怪魚): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Makoto Tsuji
 * 11) Ribbit! The March of Tsukuba's Giant Frog (グェッ! ツクバの巨大ガマ大行進): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 12) Satan Goth fears the Divine Prophecy (神秘の大予言にサタンゴースがおびえる): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 13) Assistance from Space: Rampage of the Four Evil Warlords (宇宙からの助っ人 大暴れ悪の四天王): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Michio Konishi
 * 14) Break up the Japanese Islands! Operation: Attack Lake Hamana (日本列島を断て! 浜名湖アタック作戦): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Michio Konishi
 * 15) Dream or Illusion? The Golden Bird Takes Flight (夢か? 幻か? はばたく黄金の鳥): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 16) Is this the Future of Humanity? The Fearsome MegaBeast Empire (人類の未来か? 恐怖の巨獣帝国): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 17) Rushing Through a Sea of Love and Tears: The galactic Tarzan (愛と涙の海を疾走する銀河のターザン): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Michio Konishi
 * 18) The Unstoppable, Red-Eyed Combat Android (破壊しても立ち上がる赤目の戦闘機械人): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Michio Konishi
 * 19) The Cursed Sea-Dweller Laughs: S.O.S. From the Sea of Dolphins (呪いの海底人が笑う イルカの海SOS): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 20) My Daughter! My Son! This is Our Last Chance! (娘よ! 息子よ! ラスト・チャンスに賭けろ!): written by Haruya Yamazaki, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 21) Courage is One Boy Pitching a 160 kph Fastball (熱気球少年が投げる 時速160kmの勇気): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Michio Konishi
 * 22) The Girl Becomes a Demon: Sorceress Chikita's Terrible Curse (少女を悪魔にかえる怪女チキタの大妖術): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Michio Konishi
 * 23) The Forces of Evil Behind the MegaBeast Show of the Century (魔の手があやつる世紀の巨獣ショー): written by Haruya Yamazaki, directed by Makoto Tsuji
 * 24) Beware the Hundred-Million-Yen Salary! (ご用心! 月給1億円さしあげます): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Makoto Tsuji
 * 25) Save Tokyo from Disappearing! Deathmatch of Good vs. Evil (救え東京消失! 悪だま善だまデスマッチ): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 26) The Land Roars! Daileon's Furious Counterattack (とどろく大地! ダイレオン怒りの大逆襲): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 27) Sprint Down the Singing, Swinging Road of Youth! (歌って踊って青春ロードを突っ走れ!): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Michio Konishi
 * 28) The Cyber-Beast's Deadly Data (電子頭脳獣の必殺データー): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Michio Konishi
 * 29) The Death of Madgallant! But Wait, Gilza is... (マッドギャラン死す! しかしギルザが...): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 30) Red Balloon, Blue Balloon: Balloon Panic (赤い風船・青い風船・バルーンパニック): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 31) Help Me, Mom! The Live Broadcast of Terror (お母さん助けて! 恐怖の生中継): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Michio Konishi
 * 32) The Helper Robots' Night Job (お手伝いロボットの真夜中のアルバイト): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Michio Konishi
 * 33) Even the Bullied Kids Dance: The Great Magical Battle (いじめっ子も踊りだす魔法大合戦): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 34) Break Through the Iron Fortress! The Love Between Father and Son (鉄壁の要塞を砕く父と子の愛): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 35) The Bible is Found! Now, for a Frightening Truth... (発見された今恐るべき事実が...): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Makoto Tsuji
 * 36) The Radiance of a New Life that Summons Forth a Miracle (奇蹟を呼ぶ新しい生命の輝き): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Makoto Tsuji
 * 37) The Full Course of Fear! Would You Care for an Infernal Cuisine? (恐怖のフルコース地獄料理はいかが?): written by Haruya Yamazaki, directed by Michio Konishi
 * 38) My Sister is Acting Weird! The Strange Pin Plan (姉ちゃんが変だ! ワッペン作戦の怪奇): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Michio Konishi
 * 39) Mio's Kiss Has One Million Horsepower (ミヨちゃんのキッスは百万馬力): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Shohei Tojo
 * 40) The Rich Man Plan! Mystery of the Diamond Meteor Shower (リッチマン作戦・ダイヤ流星群の謎): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Shohei Tojo
 * 41) Time to Duel: The Justice of the Deadeye Gunman You Summoned (決闘の時・君が呼ぶ必殺ガンマンの正義): written by Haruya Yamazaki, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 42) Friends from the Stars: Pippi and Hiroshi's Story (星から来た友だち・ピッピと浩の物語): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 43) Alice saw Satan Goth's Wonderland (アリスが見た不思議の国のサタンゴース): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Shohei Tojo
 * 44) You Survived? The Ancient Haunt Emerges (君は生き残れるか? 出現した太古の魔境): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Shohei Tojo
 * 45) I Am the Son of Satan Goth (おれはサタンゴースの息子だ): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara
 * 46) Humanity All Across the Galaxy Joins Hands (手をつなぐ全銀河の人類たち): written by Shozo Uehara, directed by Takeshi Ogasawara

Cast

 * Juspion Hikaru Kurosaki
 * Anri Kiyomi Tsukada
 * Miya Atsuko Koganezawa
 * Edjinn Noboru Nakaya
 * Boome-Run Hiroshi Watari
 * Kenichirou Nanbara Isao Sasaki
 * Kanoko Nanbara Kiyomi Sone
 * Kenta Nanbara Daisuke Yamashita
 * Kumiko Miki Takahashi
 * Lott Hiroshi Satō
 * Sachi Yoshie Hayashi
 * Satan Goth Shōzō Iizuka (voice)
 * Madgallant Jyunichi Haruta
 * Brima Misa Nirei
 * Gyol Kei Anan
 * Zampa Daigaku Sekine
 * Ikki Toshimichi Takahashi
 * Gasami the Elder Eiichi Kikuchi
 * Gasami the Younger Shun Ueda
 * Gilza Atsuko Takahata
 * Gilmaza Yukie Kagawa
 * Narrator Tōru Ōhira

Songs

 * Opening theme
 * "I am Justice! Juspion" (俺が正義だ！ジャスピオン)
 * Lyrics Keisuke Yamakawa
 * Composition and Arrangement Michiaki Watanabe
 * Artist Ai Takano (アイ高野)
 * Ending theme
 * "Space Wolf Juspion" (ジャスピオン)
 * Lyrics Keisuke Yamakawa
 * Composition and Arrangement Michiaki Watanabe
 * Artist Ai Takano

International Broadcasts, Home Video & Streaming

 * In its home country of Japan, the official Toei video releases in the 1980s listed in English, below the title, "Space Wolf Juspion" (named after the ending theme for instance). This has created some confusion and has led some to believe that is the actual title of the series and translation of "Kyojuu Tokusou." The Space Wolf name is simply one of Juspion's nicknames much like the "Galactic Tarzan" in order for him to have a title to introduce himself by.
 * In Thailand, the series was broadcast on three different channels over the years there. It first aired on Channel 5 in 1985. Then it aired a second time on Channel 7 from 1987 to 1988 and aired every Sunday at 10:00AM. Then in 2000, it aired with a new Thai dub on MCOT handled mainly by Nirun Boonyarattaphan and his team and was shown under Space Fox Juspion (จิ้งจอกอวกาศจัสเปี้ยน). Video Square also distributed this Thai dub onto home video.
 * In France, the series aired as Jaspion with a French dub licensed and produced by AB Groupe with the dubbing work by Studio SOFRECI. It aired on the Club Dorothée block on TF1 on August 31, 1988. When it originally aired, only the first twenty episodes were broadcast mainly because it was competing against its successor being Jikuu Senshi Spielban (aired as Spielvan there). Because it was also being shown around the same time and on the same channel, it caused the series to suffer. But later on, the other episodes would eventually air in due time after. It also received a VHS release in the late 1980s part of the Club Dorothée Collection by Dagobert Video.
 * In 1990, it was aired on GMA Network in the Philippines with a Tagalog dub.
 * In New Zealand, the series aired on TVNZ 1 with an English dub from 1993 to 1994 under the title of Juspion: The Space Fighter.
 * In South Korea, Daeyoung Panda acquired the rights to sell VHS tapes of the series with a Korean dub and was first available on April 20, 1999 under Invincible Jaspion (거수특수 저스피온).
 * During Otakon 2018, Discotek Media announced that they had licensed the show for a one-disc SD on BD release in North America. The SD Blu-ray was released on August 27, 2019. And in 2021, the complete series was streaming on Crunchyroll, making the first tokusatsu from Toei to be streaming on the service. Episodes of the show has since been added to YouTube's Toei Tokusatsu World Official channel as well.

Popularity in Brazil
While the series has not been very popular in its home country of Japan, the series has had a huge popularity in Brazil for decades. Toshihiko Egawara (founder of Everest Video, licensed the series for home video at the time) himself bought the series over to the region under the name "O Fantástico Jaspion" (The Fantastic Jaspion) and it premiered on the now-defunct Rede Manchete on February 22, 1988, with all episodes dubbed in Brazilian Portuguese. This was after several television networks had turned down to air the series. It premiered in Brazil on the same day as another Toei Tokusatsu series Dengeki Sentai Changeman which aired as Esquadrão Relâmpago Changeman (Lightning Squadron Changeman) on the same channel. This series was a huge hit and has enjoyed unprecedented success in that country. It was the first Metal Heroes series and the very first Tokusatsu series to be made in the 1980s to ever air in the region at a time when mostly re-runs of 1960s and 1970s tokusatsu programs were airing. Not only did more Metal Heroes series get shown, but also other tokusatsu and even anime television series later eventually aired on TV in Brazil. Everest Video also released the series on VHS and even a full DVD release with all episodes included with both the original Japanese audio with Brazilian Portuguese subtitles and the Brazilian Portuguese dub included. The series' successor Jikuu Senshi Spielban which has no connection to this series, was localized in the region under Jaspion 2: Spielvan. However, the main hero was still called Spielvan in the Brazilian Portuguese dub.

In February 2018, it was announced that Juspion would get a remake movie produced by Brazilian company Sato Company, with Toei's endorsement and approval. The movie's cast was expected to be announced in 2019, with the film set initially to be released in the early 2020s. And then in 2020, the Brazilian publisher JBC launched a comic book in manga-style titled O Regresso de Jaspion (The Return of Jaspion), with the approval of Toei. The story follows the end of the TV show.

A representative at Toei speculated about the popularity “I think that the Brazilians, who have an easy-going national character, were curious about the clear and futuristic drama and accepted it.”

title: MegaBeast Investigator Juspion


text:
Semantic bootstrapping

Semantic bootstrapping is a linguistic theory of child language acquisition which proposes that children can acquire the syntax of a language by first learning and recognizing semantic elements and building upon, or bootstrapping from, that knowledge. This theory proposes that children, when acquiring words, will recognize that words label conceptual categories, such as objects or actions. Children will then use these semantic categories as a cue to the syntactic categories, such as nouns and verbs. Having identified particular words as belonging to a syntactic category, they will then look for other correlated properties of those categories, which will allow them to identify how nouns and verbs are expressed in their language. Additionally, children will use perceived conceptual relations, such as Agent of an event, to identify grammatical relations, such as Subject of a sentence. This knowledge, in turn, allows the learner to look for other correlated properties of those grammatical relations.

This theory requires two critical assumptions to be true. First, it requires that children are able to perceive the meaning of words and sentences. It does not require that they do so by any particular method, but the child seeking to learn the language must somehow come to associate words with objects and actions in the world. Second, children must know that there is a strong correspondence between semantic categories and syntactic categories. The relationship between semantic and syntactic categories can then be used to iteratively create, test, and refine internal grammar rules until the child's understanding aligns with the language to which they are exposed, allowing for better categorization methods to be deduced as the child obtains more knowledge of the language.

Logic
The semantic bootstrapping theory was first proposed by Steven Pinker in 1982 as a possible explanation of how a child can formulate grammar rules when acquiring a first language. Pinker's theory was inspired by two other proposed solutions to the bootstrapping problem. In 1981, Grimshaw claimed that there are correspondences between syntactic and semantic categories and in 1982, Macnamara postulated that certain semantic elements could serve as an inductive basis for syntactic elements, like parts of speech. Pinker's theory takes these ideas one step further by claiming that children inherently categorize words based upon their semantic properties and have an innate ability to infer syntactic categories from these semantic categories.

A child acquiring a first language possesses, at all stages, an expectation that words will fall into specific grammatical categories. The child does not possess, however, an innate knowledge of how syntactic categories are expressed in the language they are acquiring. When children observe that a word is used to reference a semantic category, they can use their knowledge of the relations between semantic and syntactic categories to infer that this word belongs to a particular syntactic category. As children associate more words with syntactic categories, they can begin tracking other properties that can help them identify these syntactic categories in the absence of semantic evidence. Furthermore, identifying conceptual relations can help them to identify grammatical relations in a similar way. By identifying the semantic categories of words and phrases, children will know the corresponding syntactic categories of these elements and ultimately bootstrap their way to possessing a full understanding of the language’s grammar and formal expression.

Evidence
Rondal and Cession tested the viability of the semantic bootstrapping hypothesis by observing the speech of 18 monolingual English speaking mothers to their normally developing children age 1 to 2 years old. In this experiment, investigators tape-recorded two half-hour sessions of mother-child verbal interactions. Child-directed utterances were extracted and coded for the 16 dependent variables below. These included the semantic categories, grammatical function categories, and part of speech categories. The semantic bootstrapping hypothesis states that a child uses semantic categories to infer grammatical categories. For example, action words (Dependent variable) indicate a verb (Categories), and the names of things (Dependent variable) indicate a noun (Categories). The focus of the experiment was to find out whether the grammatical and semantic categories and relations were correlated in the speech children heard. If they were, then that would indicate the plausibility of the semantic bootstrapping hypothesis. The major findings of the experiment show that in terms of grammatical function categories, agents of actions were associated to subjects of the sentence, patients and themes as objects, and goals, locations and instruments as oblique or indirect objects. Rondal and Cession suggested that the input evidence assists children to identify those grammatical function categories by using thematic relations (agent, patient, etc.). They found that semantic notions reliably correlate with specific syntactic elements in parental speech and this may support the child’s construction of grammatical categories. Hence, the results of this experiment point to the soundness of the semantic bootstrapping hypothesis.

Additional evidence for semantic bootstrapping is illustrated by Gropen et al. and Kim et al.

In the experiment done by Gropen et al., children and adults were tested to see whether they could predict a verb’s syntax by using the verb’s meaning. In the experiment, locative verbs were used. Locative verbs link the relationship between a moving object and a location. The moving object is known as the ‘Figure’ and the location is known as the ‘Ground’. For example, in the sentence “Peter poured coffee into the cup.” ‘Pour’ is the locative verb, ‘coffee’ is the ‘Figure’ while ‘cup’ is the ‘Ground’. Children and adults were taught novel verbs for actions that involved the transfer of objects to a container. Then they were tested on whether they were able to express the figure or the ground argument as the direct object of the verb. The major findings of Gropen et al.’s experiments illustrated that both children and adults showed no tendency to express the figure entity as the direct object when faced with a locative verb. Instead, when there is a change of state of the ground object, e.g. The glass (ground object) was filled with water (figure object), children and adults are more likely to select that ground object as the direct object. This shows that children are able to link locative verbs to their complements accurately based on their understanding of the meaning of the verb. The result shows that verbs' syntactic argument structures are predictable from their semantic representations.

Similarly, in the experiment done by Kim et al., children and adults were tested whether they could describe an event using a specific locative verb provided by the experimenters. The major finding was that English-speaking children made errors in the syntax with the ground verb ‘fill’, but they did not make errors with figure verbs like ‘pour’. Kim et al. suggested that the pattern of errors reflects constraints on the syntax-semantics mapping. No language uses manner of motion verbs like 'pour' in the ground syntax. Children's lack of errors with manner of motion verbs suggests that they are subject to the same constraint that shapes cross linguistic variability. Hence, this experiment illustrated that children respect constraints on how verb meanings relate to verb syntax.

Challenges
The semantic bootstrapping hypothesis has been criticized by some linguists. An alternative hypothesis to semantic bootstrapping, syntactic bootstrapping, proposes that verbs are always learned based on their syntactic properties rather than their semantic properties. This is sometimes construed as being incompatible with semantic bootstrapping, which proposes that verb meanings can be identified from the extralinguistic context of use. Pinker does not see syntactic bootstrapping as an alternative or necessarily bootstrapping at all. Pinker makes the critical distinction that semantic bootstrapping seeks to answer how children can learn syntax and grammar while the syntactic bootstrapping hypothesis is only concerned with how children learn verb meanings. Pinker believes that syntactic bootstrapping is more accurately "syntactic cueing of word meaning" and that this use of syntactic knowledge to obtain new semantic knowledge is in no way contradictory to semantic bootstrapping, but is another technique a child may use in later stages of language acquisition.

Lila Gleitman argues that word learning is not as easy as the semantic bootstrapping hypothesis makes it seem. It is not always possible to just look at the world and learn a word from the situation. There are many events in which two verbs could be used to describe the situation. In the example of a chasing and fleeing event, both words could be used to describe the event at hand. For example, both of the following sentences could be used to describe the same event: It is not reasonable to expect a child to be able to figure out which is the correct meaning just by witnessing the event. Additionally, in many situations there are many events happening all at once. For example, if a child were in a park and their parent said "look the fox is chasing the cat" how would the child know that they should be directing their attention to the fox and the cat and not the dogs or the other children. This is similar to the gavagai problem. Essentially it is very hard to assume that a child could use word meanings to learn something about syntax when the act of learning the word meanings in the first place is not so easy. Gleitman also points out the near impossibility of learning some other verbs using this hypothesis. Verbs in which there is no action associated with it like 'think', 'hope', 'guess' and 'wonder' are hypothesized to be particularly hard to learn. If children only learned words based on what they saw in the world they would not be able to learn the meanings of these words.
 * 1) The cat is fleeing the fox
 * 2) The fox is chasing the cat

Siegel argues that the semantic bootstrapping hypothesis can not account for how children acquire case marking in split ergative languages. In these languages the agent is not uniformly getting the same case in every sentence. As a result, the child would not have the evidence necessary in the semantics to learn the correct case markings, since the case is not being uniformly assigned.

Ambridge et al. argues against the existence of a universal grammar and in turn against the plausibility of semantic bootstrapping. They argue that since word categories (like verbs) are not cross linguistically applied the same way, these categories must not be innate. If these categories are not innate then they can't be used for semantic bootstrapping, since the theory is reliant on these categories being innate. They also argue that because the patient of the sentence and the instrument of the sentence can occur in the same place this would complicate the child's ability to learn which role corresponds to each part of the scene. For example: In these sentences the ball is the instrument and the dog is the patient. However, they can occur in either order in English. There are also languages in which they can only occur in the second order. As a result, the child does not have the information necessary in the semantics to learn these orders, and could reasonably learn both.
 * 1) The kid hit the dog with the ball.
 * 2) The kid hit the ball against the dog.

Finally Ambridge et al. argue that because children have distributional learning, where they can see trends in sentences like determiners go with nouns, this is sufficient for learning syntax and correlations between syntax and semantics are not necessary to help learn the syntax of the language.

title: Semantic bootstrapping


text:
Takeda Oncology

Takeda Oncology (originally Millennium Pharmaceuticals) is a biopharmaceutical company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is a fully owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical.

Takeda Oncology's research, development and commercialization activities focused in two therapeutic areas: oncology and inflammation to develop a line of new product candidates. It was one of the first companies to systematically search for genes linked to disease, although none of the drugs which it is marketing or has in clinical trial, with one partial exception, have been the results of that research.

It is particularly known for bringing bortezomib (marketed as Velcade) through clinical trials to approval for treatment of patients with multiple myeloma by the U.S. FDA, but has a growing clinical development pipeline of other product candidates.

On May 14, 2008, Japanese company Takeda Pharmaceutical announced the completion of its acquisition of Millennium for US$25.00 per share in cash—a deal worth $8.8 billion. Takeda completed the acquisition through a tender offer and subsequent merger as a wholly owned subsidiary Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Company - with the name being simplified to Takeda Oncology in 2013.

History
Millennium was founded by Mark J. Levin, CEO, in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1993. In its early years, Millennium focused on building science and business teams. Beginning in 1994, Millennium created more than 20 strategic alliances with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. These alliances provided Millennium with close to $2 billion of committed funding that was used to develop and enhance its pipeline.

A merger with Leukosite in 1999 brought the company its first drug close-to-market, Campath (alemtuzumab) Injection, and additional investigational drugs in clinical trials. In 2000, a merger with Cambridge Discovery Chemistry gave Millennium a strong presence in the United Kingdom and added to the organization more than 100 scientists with expertise in chemistry. In a strategic business decision, Campath was later sold to the Millennium partner for the drug, ILEX Oncology, which in turn was acquired by Genzyme.

In February 2002, there was a further merger with COR Therapeutics —among the largest such mergers in the history of the biotech industry at that time. In addition to creating a strong pipeline of novel therapeutics, the merger added cardiovascular research and drug development to the company's other key therapeutic areas: oncology and inflammation. The merger also brought Integrilin (eptifibatide) Injection, an intravenous anti-platelet drug for patients with severe cardiovascular diseases, into the Millennium fold. Millennium partnered with Schering-Plough on the development and marketing of Integrilin until 2005 when Millennium licensed the exclusive U.S. commercialization and development rights of Integrilin to Schering-Plough.

In May 2003 Velcade was launched for the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma – a cancer of the blood. At the time, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval for the treatment of multiple myeloma for patients who had not responded to at least two other therapies for the disease. Velcade — the first FDA-approved proteasome inhibitor — reached the market in record time and represented the first treatment in more than a decade to be approved for patients with multiple myeloma.

In late December 2007, Millennium successfully submitted a supplemental new drug application (sNDA) to the FDA for Velcade for previously untreated multiple myeloma. The sNDA submitted to the FDA for this indication included data from the Phase III VISTA study, a large, well-controlled international clinical trial, comparing a Velcade-based regimen to a traditional standard of care. Priority review was granted by the FDA in January 2008. On June 20, 2008, the FDA approved VELCADE in combination for patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma. This means that Millennium can market Velcade to patients who have not had any prior therapies for multiple myeloma (a first-line therapy).

In May 2008, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited purchased Millennium for $8.8 billion. Millennium was operating as an independent subsidiary, serving as the global center of excellence in oncology under its new name: "Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Company". This global footprint includes oncology research and marketing strategy and oversight. In addition to Cambridge, MA, oncology resources include facilities in San Diego, San Francisco, Tsukuba and Osaka with Millennium as the global hub for this critical and rapidly expanding therapeutic area.

In 2014, Takeda dropped the "Millennium" brand; effectively renaming the subsidiary into Takeda Oncology. However, Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc is still a legal holding of Takeda and its name is still used for on-going legal processes.

In October 2023, Takeda began the process of withdrawing its drug, Exkivity in the United States after ending a trial for the drug early due to failure in the late-stage study. Exkivity is a drug for adults with non-small cell lung cancer. The FDA granted approval for the trial in 2021.

Products
Velcade is the first oncology drug marketed and promoted by Millennium. Velcade was granted FDA approval little more than four and a half years after initiation of the first clinical trial. To discover and develop such treatments, the Company focuses on key molecular pathways that play crucial roles in underlying disease processes, and on identifying therapeutically significant differences that may exist among people. Takeda Oncology applies this approach broadly throughout its R&D program to develop novel treatments not just for cancer but also for a number of other important diseases.

Velcade was co-developed by Millennium Pharmaceuticals. and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development. Takeda is responsible for commercialization of Velcade in the U.S. and Janssen-Cilag is responsible for commercialization in Europe and the rest of the world. Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. is responsible for commercialization in Japan. For a limited period of time, Takeda and Ortho Biotech. are co- promoting Velcade in the U.S. Approved in 85 countries, at least 85,000 patients have been treated with Velcade globally.

title: Takeda Oncology


text:
Talk:Toronto Zoo

Fair use rationale for Image:ZooDiaries.jpg
Image:ZooDiaries.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 19:03, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

births
I'm trimming down the list of births, etc.; it's just not notable. I've copied the info here in case anyone thinks some of it is worth re-introducing. I will re-work some pieces back into the text in prose form.

2001
 * The Toronto Zoo rescues two female Polar Bear cubs, later named Aurora & Nikita

2003
 * 3 Sumatran Tigers were born at the zoo to parents Brytne and Rengat. They were the first of their kind to be born in Canada.  This subspecies of tiger is critically endangered, with an estimated 400–500 remaining in the wild.
 * 1 Komodo Dragon was hatched for the first time in Canada.
 * The Toronto Zoo rescued a male Polar Bear cub, later named Inukshuk.

2004
 * 2 female West African Dwarf Crocodiles successfully hatched on October 1.

2005
 * 1 male Gorilla was born March 7, later named Sadiki.

2006
 * 1 male Sumatran Orangutan was born January 18th. It was named Budi which means "The Wise One" in the Indonesian language.
 * 1 Two-Toed Sloth was born. This was the first birth of this species at the zoo.
 * 18 Vancouver Island Marmot pups were born. The Toronto Zoo was the first zoo to establish a captive-breeding program for these animals with the goal of releasing them back into their wild habitat.
 * 2 more Sumatran Tigers were born to the same parents as the 2003 litter. They were later named Kali and Indah which mean "River" and "Beautiful" in the Indonesian language.
 * 5 African Cheetah cubs were born.
 * 4 Golden Lion Tamarins were born.
 * 1 Matschie's Tree Kangaroo one of three born in North America in 2006.(New York Bronx Zoo, St. Louis Zoo and Toronto Zoo.)
 * 1 Grevy's Zebra foal, the first born following a 14 breeding hiatus.

2007
 * 2 rare Snow Leopards were born on June 5th. This is the first birth in 13 years.
 * 2 Przewalski's Horse one male and female who was born on June 22. This is the first birth in 15 years.
 * 1 male and 1 female Siberian Tiger, were born at the Toronto Zoo on July 13.
 * 1 Masai Giraffe.
 * 3 Golden Lion Tamarins were born.
 * 19 Black-footed Ferrets
 * 2 European Reindeer
 * 4 American Flamingos
 * 5 Mandarin Ducks

2008
 * 3 Golden Lion Tamarins were born.
 * 6 Axolotl
 * 3 American Flamingos
 * 4 Barbary Sheep
 * 3 Central Bearded Dragons
 * 1 Gaur
 * 2 Sacred Ibis
 * 1 Common Barn Owl
 * 1 Chinese water dragon
 * 8 Brownbanded bamboo sharks
 * 1 Grevy's Zebra foal
 * 3 African Cheetah cubs, one did not survive
 * 3 Przewalski's Horses
 * 2 Marabou Storks
 * 7 European Reindeer
 * 1 Olive Baboon
 * 1 Greater Kudu
 * 1 Bactrian Camel
 * 4 Common Marmosets
 * In 2006 the Matschie's Tree Kangaroo born at the Toronto Zoo, later named Noru, and was sent to the Lincoln Zoo. It was paired with a mate named Milla who gave birth to two twins - a first for this species. This will help zoos across the world in conservation of the species.
 * 1 female Mandrill

2009
 * 1 Bactrian Camel
 * 1 Olive Baboon
 * 1 Sable Antalope

Matt Deres (talk) 22:15, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

How many animals?
The article summary says there are 5000 animals but the infobox says 16000. Which is correct? Here is the revision that changed the infobox # from 5000 to 16000: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toronto_Zoo&diff=269625992&oldid=267750468 Hypertall (talk) 01:55, 22 June 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm going to change it to 5000+ animals and 500+ species, as its website states: http://www.torontozoo.com/AboutTheZoo/ Hypertall (talk) 02:00, 22 June 2009 (UTC)

Names Of The Giant Pandas
The names of Giant Pandas that were at the Zoo in 1985 were: Quinn Quinn and QUANN QUANN (pronunced "Shawn Shawn") NOT Shayan as stated in the article. I have an old brochure from the Zoo back then which states this. Just a minor error in an otherwise well-written article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cairnben (talk • contribs) 17:16, 31 July 2009 (UTC)

Addition of Elephant Death Section
this section was added at the end of the history as it is an extremely noteworthy series of events, in particular as the eyes of the international elephant advocacy movement have now focused on the Toronto Zoo. Having posted it yesterday only to see it vanish completely with all traces gone as well and no notes, I hope this will not happen again. Yjemo (talk) 20:17, 3 December 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree with you that the removal was incorrect. I have added references for (I think) all the claims made and the number of references should illustrate that the deaths are indeed noteworthy. The removal was not based on policy, but in general you'll find that properly cited additions are more likely to be kept. See Template:Cite news for examples of how it's done or come ask on my talk page. Matt Deres (talk) 02:04, 4 December 2009 (UTC)

Largest zoo
I have changed the statement from "third largest in the world" to "largest in Canada" as it is unsourced about it being third largest and I don't think it sounds right at all (I can think of about a dozen other zoos that are much larger than this one, such as the San Diego Zoo). But it IS well known to be the largest in Canada however. trainfan01 20:49, August 6, 2010 (UTC)

 * Just to kill a myth, since I've seen this statement several times in the last few months, at 107 acres the San Diego Zoo is NOT "larger" that the Toronto zoo (at 750 acres). Among others, Zoo Miami and the Bronx Zoo are both "larger" than the San Diego Zoo. At 1800 acres, the San Diego Zoo Safari Park (a different venue) is larger than the Toronto zoo. The San Diego Zoo has the largest membership in the world (or so they claim). I have no idea off hand how zoos rank in terms of number of species or number of animals. Note that I have just listed four separate criteria which can be "larger" (I'm sure there are others), I hope illustrating the need to be very careful when using relative terms, particularly since they can change over time, not to mention are we talking about "developed acres" or "total acres" (see the ZooMiami article). I'm not going to change this for now, but generally I try to avoid "bragging" statements as they are subjective and subject to change. Donlammers (talk) 13:25, 6 August 2010 (UTC)

It depends on what kind of "large" you are talking about. In space, the Toronto Zoo certainly is larger than the San Diego Zoo, but in diversity of species, I'd say the San Diego Zoo is larger —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.36.153.163 (talk) 00:57, 3 September 2010 (UTC)

Deletion of Elephants in list of African Savanna species
Just so you all know, I have deleted the word "elephants" from the description of the African Savanna exhibit, since the remaining three elephants in the zoo were sent to a sanctuary and the enclosure was shut down. I do not wish to see it changed back. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.36.153.163 (talk) 01:05, 3 September 2010 (UTC)

Oh, sorry, I actually misunderstood the article, the elephants are apparently still on display, so go ahead and change it back. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.36.153.163 (talk) 03:55, 3 September 2010 (UTC)

Largest
Claims of largest need to be substantiated (and "large", for that matter, since it's subjective). There are currently 9 instances of the word "largest" in the article. When stating largest, we should say how -- most land area? largest number of animals? heaviest? What is the criteria, and who says so? Don Lammers (talk) 01:13, 11 August 2011 (UTC)

I am reverting the "third largest" claim back to "largest in Canada", but leaving the citation needed. Who says it's the largest in Canada? remember, in Wikipedia, "common knowledge" does not count. It needs to be verifiable. Support for removing the "third largest" claim are the following 6 larger zoos (this is undoubtedly not an exhaustive list -- it's just what I could find in 15 minutes or so. The Toronto zoo is listed in this article as 710 acres:

 * Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (3200 acres)
 * The Elephant Sanctuary (2,700 acres)
 * San Diego Wild Animal Park (1800 acres)
 * North Carolina Zoo (1,371 acres)
 * The Wild Animal Sanctuary, Keenesburgh, Colorado (720 acres)
 * Arignar Anna Zoological Park, India (1,490 acres)

Please do not try to add claims like this back without proper citation. Don Lammers (talk) 14:39, 11 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Animal sanctuaries (in particular ones devoted as free range habitat for a single animal) are not zoos per se. I think most North Americans tend to compare San Diego and Toronto as "largest" simply due to local bias however if you intend to count stuff like park areas (Arignar) I would note you would need to include the Rouge Valley itself into the Toronto Zoo's footprint so as to compare apples to apples. Kav2001c (talk) 20:18, 10 January 2022 (UTC)kav2001c

Disambiguation
WHO EVER DID THIS ARTICLE WASN'T SPECIFIC ENOUGH SOMEONE SHOULD DO SOMETHING ABOUT THIS — Preceding unsigned comment added by Zhand38 (talk • contribs) 20:44, 3 September 2011 (UTC)

And, it looks like you already started. The process of making things more specific is called disambiguation, and may be required because the editor didn't know that there was a more specific article, or the article may not yet have existed when it was written. In either case, it doesn't help to yell at other editors, all of which are volunteers and most of which have life outside WikiPedia. Between all of us, we gradually make the articles better. Don Lammers (talk) 13:28, 4 September 2011 (UTC)

Maglev
Should we mention the proposed maglev operation at the Toronto Zoo? Here is a reliable source: https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2016/04/10/toronto-zoo-eyes-monorail-after-edmonton-firms-proposal.html Johnny Au  (talk/contributions) 02:42, 7 May 2016 (UTC)
 * It has been mentioned in the Toronto Zoo Domain Ride instead. Johnny Au  (talk/contributions) 02:32, 10 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I have mentioned it in the main article as well. Johnny Au  (talk/contributions) 02:03, 21 May 2016 (UTC)

Indomalayan Pavilion
I have edited the "since opening" section changing the date previously listed for Indomalayan Pavilion from 1993 to 1983. Although I can not say for 100% certainity this is correct date I feel it can reasonably be predicted based off official Toronto Zoo documents (see link). In 1977 Zoo Map there clearly is no pavilion. In 1983 Map there clearly is a pavilion. I do not know the precise date it opened, but am making an educated guess on two factors. 1- previous Wiki poster said "1993" which could easily be a typo of "1983". 2- as this was the year the Zoo revised their maps it seems likely this could also be the year that new buildings and areas were added. Toronto Zoo official Twitter post with graphics here https://twitter.com/thetorontozoo/status/1162006011089227776 Kav2001c (talk) 20:09, 10 January 2022 (UTC)

Renaming / Refreshing
Another bone of contention is the claim the Mayan Temple opened in 1987. This structure clearly exists as far back as 1977 on Zoo Maps. I think some editors are claiming whenever the Zoo renovates / refreshes an area it is a "new" area which is patently false. I have erased all mention of it "opening" as it has been there since Day 1 and re-worded it as a refresh which is more accurate. Kav2001c (talk) 20:32, 10 January 2022 (UTC)

Some animals are gone
The jaguars and komodo dragons were recently removed from the Toronto zoo and are now being kept in the article. The last remaning Komodo Dragon, died. The Jaguars were moved. So I think that they should edit the article. DINOSAUR5804 (talk) 23:06, 9 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Much of the article is unsourced. It would also be good to add reliable sources, especially from official press releases by the zoo themselves. Johnny Au (talk/contributions) 00:32, 10 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Toronto Zoo


text:
Setting the features

Setting the features is a mortuary term for the closing of the eyes and the mouth of a deceased person such that the cadaver is presentable as being in a state of rest and repose, and thus more suitable for viewing. While it is one of the first stages of embalming, it is also commonly done as a token of respect even when the deceased is not viewed or is directly cremated. Generally only when the deceased (or their family) have specifically requested the body be untouched are the features left unset.

Preparation
The body is disinfected and insects such as maggots and flies are removed. The body is then washed with water and germicidal soap. This movement of the body parts also helps to relieve rigor mortis, and particular attention is given by the embalmer to parts of the body that are most visible during a viewing: the facial area and hands. The hair is washed and styled, either before or after the embalming.

The body is shaved in accordance to the family's wishes. The embalmer also relieves rigor mortis of the corpse by flexing and massaging various parts of the body. Prior to embalming, the embalmer will also position the corpse to an approximate final position. After embalming the muscles will firm and it may become difficult to position the corpse. In extreme cases where positioning is difficult, such as bodies with arthritis or paralysis, the embalmer may cut tendons and utilise straps to hold the body in a suitable position. Autopsied bodies may need splints or dowels in the back to hold the head in place if the spine was removed.

Procedures
Of the aesthetic preparations prior to embalming, the closure of the eyes, mouth, and lips are the most aesthetically obvious. There is a distinction between mouth closure and lip closure, the former meaning closure of the jaws, whilst the latter is closure of the lips and ‘setting’ the look of the mouth.

Eye closure

Though mouth and lip closures are usually done prior to arterial injection, eye closure can be done regardless of whether the body has had the arterial injection. Care is advised for bodies with communicable diseases such as herpes and special caution for eye discharges and fluids from victims of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease.

The eyelids are massaged to relieve rigor mortis, and if necessary, are stretched to fully close the eyes. An eye cap is inserted underneath the lids to maintain the rounded contour of a normal eye and to keep the eyelids from opening. If the eye has collapsed due to decomposition, the eye cavity can be packed with cotton prior insertion of the eye cap. If the arterial injection does not sufficiently fill the eye cavity, an injection of embalming fluid under the lids will preserve the eyes followed by gluing the lids shut with rubber-based body glue. Mouth closure

Mouth closure is achieved through various methods. The body is first prepared by relieving rigor mortis, usually through massage. The oral and nasal cavities are swabbed clean, checked for any purge material, then the throat area is packed with cotton.

A common method of mouth closure is via needle injector. A needle with a barbed tip and with a wire attached is driven into the maxilla, behind the teeth, and another driven into the mandible. The two wires are then twisted together to bring the lower jaw up and close the mouth. In exceptions where the bone has atrophied or been fractured (as is the case with many denture users and automobile accident victims), a wire injection may require additional wires be set or sutures may be required.

In such cases, an embalmer will use a muscle suture. A needle and suture is drawn from the outer edge of the maxilla (the outer gums of the front teeth) into a nostril, pulled through the septum, and back down into the mouth. The needle then is pulled down to where the lower lip meets the mandible, pulled to the other side, and back up to meet with the hanging suture, at which point it is tied and the jaws are brought together. The sublingual suture is similar, exception being where the suture is drawn in the lower jaw, in the floor of the mouth as opposed to the front of the mandible, and this eliminates any unwanted dents in the skin of those with less flesh around the lower jaw.

Uncommonly, the lips may simply be sealed by use of cyanoacrylate, though this is reserved usually to the bodies of the young or infants.

Lip closure

After the mouth is closed, the cheeks may be padded to restore a normal contour, especially if the body is emaciated. The front of the mouth may also be padded to restore a normal contour, especially if the teeth are missing or sunken in. Once padded, the lips are held in position with petroleum jelly, rubber-based body glue, or cyanoacrylate in severe cases, prior to the arterial injection. The lips are sealed permanently after aerating the mouth cavity and after the embalmer confirms no blood or arterial fluid has leaked into the mouth.

Body cavities

The anal and vaginal cavities are sprayed with disinfectant, then packed with cotton that has been saturated with phenol, undiluted cavity fluid, or autopsy gel. This is normally done after embalming to allow any unwanted discharge and excess fluids to exit during the arterial injection.

Miscellaneous procedures

Pacemakers are removed if the body is to be cremated, though often they are removed regardless because they may interfere with the arterial injection. They are removed with one incision over the device, after which it may be extracted and discarded of properly.

Surgical incisions are treated depending on their location and stage of healing. If the sutures are recent, a solution of phenol or other preservative fluids is injected into the margins and the area disinfected. Metal sutures are removed after arterial injection, and the incision then tightly sutured with a running stitch. Sealing powder can be applied to protect against leakage, and glue is then applied over the surface of the incision. If the suture is visible, cyanoacrylate and/or a restorative suture is used.

For feeding and breathing tubes, the skin around them may be destroyed and dented, and an embalmer may choose to use tissue builder or wax filler to restore the look and contour of the skin. Tracheotomy holes are left until after embalming as an outlet for purge fluid before being permanently sealed, though they are closed with a saturated cotton ball to disinfect the opening and to contain any leakage during the arterial injection. Abdominal feeding tubes are removed either before or after the arterial injection, and a piece of cotton saturated with phenol used to stop the hole. Sutures may also be used to close the hole.

Holes left by intravenous tubes can be left by the embalmer until after the arterial injection, and filler used to restore the contour of the skin.

Blisters and sores are opened and drained, and fractured bones are aligned to look as if in a normal state. The embalmer may perform small incisions to align smaller fragments, and irregularities that cannot be smoothed out see the bone fragment removed and filled with wax or putty.

The embalmer must carefully handle gas buildup caused by Clostridium perfringens to avoid contamination between bodies. Body cavities affected are punctured and drained of gas, often with a trocar.

title: Setting the features


text:
Eta Apodis

Eta Apodis, Latinized from η Apodis, is a star in the southern circumpolar constellation Apus. Based upon parallax measurements from the Hipparcos mission, it is approximately 141 ly from Earth. With an apparent visual magnitude of +4.9, it can be viewed with the naked eye from the southern hemisphere.

Properties
This star has about 1.77 times the mass of the Sun and 2.13 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 15.5 times the luminosity of the Sun from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 7,860 K. Eta Apodis is a young star with an age of about 250 million years.

The stellar classification of Eta Apodis shows this to be an Am star, which means the spectrum shows chemically peculiarities. In particular, it is an A2-type star showing an excess of the elements chromium and europium. The spectrum displays magnetically-induced features indicating an estimated surface field strength of roughly 360 G. Based upon observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope, this system is emitting an excess of 24 μm infrared radiation. This may be caused by a debris disk of dust orbiting at a distance of more than 31 astronomical units from the star.

In 2023, the star Eta Apodis made history as the first variable star discovery by a Maldivian team, the Space Cat Team, composed of astronomers Gabriel Cristian Neagu and Moosa Samaau. These astronomers harnessed data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission to establish Eta Apodis as an Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum-type variable star. This achievement stands as a noteworthy milestone in the realm of astronomy, underscoring the collaborative expertise of Maldivian astronomers. The star was included in the International Variable Star Index and also contains the internally given name SpaceCat-V1.

Eta Apodis, with its intriguing features and newfound classification as a variable star, remains a focal point of scientific interest, prompting further astronomical investigations and explorations.

Naming
In Chinese caused by adaptation of the European southern hemisphere constellations into the Chinese system, 異雀 (Yì Què), meaning Exotic Bird, refers to an asterism consisting of η Apodis, ζ Apodis, ι Apodis, β Apodis, γ Apodis, δ1 Apodis, α Apodis and ε Apodis. Consequently, η Apodis itself is known as 異雀七 (Yì Què qī, the Seventh Star of Exotic Bird.)

title: Eta Apodis


text:
Asian psychology

Asian psychology is a branch of cultural psychology that studies psychological concepts as they relate to Asian culture. Psychologists studying these issue are often aligned with cross-cultural psychology. Asian Psychology is the study of countries of Asia and their peoples; the way they behave, act, communicate, and what their belief system, as well as the differences between the native culture and the culture of Asian-Americans is known as "Asian Psychology."

Asian behavior
As pointed out by Shinobu Kitayama, professor of psychology and Director of the Culture & Cognition Program at the University of Michigan, culture can have a profound impact on the way people think about and perceive the world around them. East Asians may think differently from Westerners (See also, Cultural differences in self-concept and Self-construal.) Kitayama proposed that unlike the traditional American point-of-view which accentuates the importance of one's self and makes oneself independent, an Asian will instead feel more interdependent.

Movement
Asian psychologists wanted to have an expanding role in the science of psychology, but felt limited due to the heavy western influence. Predominant figures in Asian psychology are Qicheng Jing in China, Hiroshi Azuma in Japan, Ku-Shu Yang in Taiwan, and Durganand Sinha in India.

Asian American Journal of Psychology
The Asian American Journal of Psychology® is the official publication of the Asian American Psychological Association and is dedicated to research, practice, advocacy, education, and policy within Asian American psychology. The Journal publishes empirical, theoretical, methodological, and practice oriented articles and book reviews covering topics relevant to Asian American individuals and communities, including prevention, intervention, training, and social justice. Particular consideration is given to empirical articles using quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methodology.

Asian Journal of Social Psychology
The Asian Journal of Social Psychology stimulates research and encourages academic exchanges for the advancement of social psychology in Asia. It publishes theoretical and empirical papers by Asian scholars and those interested in Asian cultures and societies. The Asian Journal of Social Psychology is partly funded by a Grant-in-Aid for Publication of Scientific Research Results from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

AAPA Online
AAPA was founded in 1972 and is the largest organization of faculty, students, researchers, and practitioners interested in Asian American psychology. Our members and initiatives have positively impacted psychological treatment, education, training, research, policy and social justice advocacy, through research dissemination, organizational policy statements and collaboration with other psychological organizations for publications, training initiatives, and disseminating resources for serving Asian American communities.

Contributions
Over the years, the contribution to the study of psychology was done mostly by US European psychologists, however, in recent years this has been changing. More Asian countries than ever before are contributing to psychology at an ever increasing rate.

title: Asian psychology


text:
Swamp dewberry

Rubus hispidus, with the common names swamp dewberry, bristly dewberry, bristly groundberry, groundberry, hispid swamp blackberry or running swamp blackberry, is North American species of dewberry in the rose family.

The plant grows in moist or sometimes dry soils, ditches, swales or open woods in central and eastern North America, from Ontario and Minnesota east to Newfoundland, and south to South Carolina and Mississippi.

Description
Rubus hispidus is a small, herb-like shrub up to 20 cm (8 inches) tall. The twigs are red and have bristles. Flowers are generally in small clumps, each with five white rounded petals. The fruit are dark purple, almost black.

Uses
The plant is eaten by birds and many mammals.

A dull blue dye can be created from its berries. The fruit also can be used as an astringent.

The berries are rather bitter for culinary use, and so this plant is generally not cultivated.

title: Swamp dewberry


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lim Peh Oh

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  13:00, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Lim_Peh_Oh
This article is non-verifiable, with no credible references provided. Very likely false. 203.163.111.98 02:10, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Almost certainly false. The supposed "real name" of Lim Peh Oh, "胡一刀", is actually a fictional character from one of Jinyong's wuxia novels. Googling "Lim Peh Oh -wikipedia" gives nothing meaningful whatsoever. -- ran (talk) 03:08, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. --Vsion 07:09, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Quite obviously false.--Huaiwei 16:19, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity & hoax. *drew 15:49, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:John de Menteith

Evidence neutrality
The Evidence section uses many subjective and bias-inferential adjectives (e.g., "impossible", "vacillating", "turncoat, "abundant") that could be considered weasel terms. There are also style issues such as starting sentences improperly with "it" and much needless verbosity. The main problem is that the Evidence section reads like fictional paragraphs from a novel. The writing should be objectively and studiously presented. "Just the facts, ma'am!" Adraeus 02:03, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * This article carries some serious factual mistakes, to the extent that it is better deleted than kept in its current state. Fix a few bits just now. Deacon of Pndapetzim ( Talk ) 06:19, 20 May 2007 (UTC)
 * The use of the term traitor is not applicable as he was employed by the English king as a knight to uphold the law. This is not referenced in the article. Few actually followed Wallace so more a bandit or outlaw.
 * The only two people with a claim to the throne were Walter "Bailloch", John's father, and Robert the Bruce. Walter "Bailloch" was declared king so the title should have passed to his son, or Robert, not Wallace.
 * This is not accurate and seems highly biased. 31.124.206.253 (talk) 00:39, 29 October 2022 (UTC)

Fause mulitple meanings?
The article says John was refered to as "Fause Menteith" and then explains it in two different paragraphs as meaning False Mentieth or Menteith the treacherous. Does anyone know which is correct?69.141.37.100 (talk) 22:43, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:John de Menteith


text:
Bryan Lentz

Bryan Roy Lentz (born June 5, 1964) is an American politician from Pennsylvania. He served as a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 161st legislative district from 2007 to 2010. He was the 2010 Democratic nominee for U.S. Representative for PA's 7th congressional district. He was an officer in the U.S. Army and served in the Iraq War and during peacekeeping missions in the Sinai Peninsula and Bosnia. He worked as an assistant district attorney in Philadelphia from 1993 to 1999. He led the Philadelphia Gun Violence Task Force in 2011 and currently serves as chairman of the Pennsylvania Civil Service Commission.

Early life, education and career
Lentz was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Martin and Bonnie Minehart Lentz. His father worked in 1962 to help desegregate the University of Mississippi. He graduated from Wissahickon High School and from Valley Forge Military Academy and College in 1984. He graduated with a degree in philosophy from Georgetown University in 1986 on a full army scholarship.

Lentiz is a fourth generation army veteran. After graduation, he was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the U.S. Army infantry and was assigned to the Second Battalion of the 325th Airborne Infantry Regiment of the 82nd Airborne Division in Fort Bragg, NC. Lentz served overseas in Iraq, where he commanded a Civil Affairs unit assisting with improving the infrastructure and rebuilding civil governance of Mosul, Iraq. Lentz also served with the Multinational Force and Observers in the Sinai Peninsula and with NATO peacekeeping missions in Bosnia. He earned the Bronze Star and the War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal.

Lentz earned a J.D. degree from Temple University School of Law in 1993. He has worked as attorney in private practice and for six years as a prosecutor in the Philadelphia District Attorney's Office.

Pennsylvania House of Representatives
In 2006, he planned to run for the United States House of Representatives in the Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district against Curt Weldon. After discussions with party officials, however, Lentz decided to bow out in favor of Rear Admiral Joe Sestak. Instead, he ran for the State House. He defeated incumbent Tom Gannon with 51.5% of the vote.

In 2008 Lentz won reelection to the State House, defeating Republican challenger Joe Hackett, and increasing his share of the vote to 55.4%.

Lentz was not a candidate for reelection to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 2011.

2010 U.S. congressional campaign
Lentz ran against Republican nominee Pat Meehan and American Congress Party nominee Jim Schneller.

On November 12, 2009, Lentz announced his candidacy for Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district. He sought to replace Joe Sestak, the two-term Democratic incumbent who ran for the United States Senate.

Lentz ran unopposed for the Democratic nomination in the Democratic primary on May 18, 2010.

Meehan won the general election with 54.9% of the vote, while Lentz received 44.0%; Schneller ended up with 1.1%.

Tea Party controversy
On October 19, 2010, Lentz acknowledged that he had been aware that some supporters were circulating petitions in support of Jim Schneller, a self-described "Tea Party candidate" officially running on the American Congress Party Ticket, an effort which his opponents describe as an attempt to split the conservative vote. Lentz said he did not encourage Schneller to enter the race, and that he does not believe that assisting Schneller circulate his petitions was improper.

In 2011, Lentz led the Philadelphia Gun Violence Task Force which received state funding in order to "attack the proliferation of illegal guns on city streets".

In 2016, Lentz was nominated to the Pennsylvania Civil Service Commission by Governor Tom Wolf and currently serves as chairman.

Lentz is an attorney at the law firm of Bochetto & Lentz.

title: Bryan Lentz


text:
Talk:List of nicknames used in cricket

69.165.248.80
Please provide citations for your entries, otherwise they go. BLP, and all that. In addition, I have removed Toshack for Doctrove as the citation points to Toshack being another NAME - it says it is an "also known as" not a nickname. WillE (talk) 19:12, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 3 one external links on List of nicknames used in cricket. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080205073051/http://www.abc.net.au:80/centralwest/stories/s296247.htm to http://www.abc.net.au/centralwest/stories/s296247.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080315023149/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com:80/articleshow/2142788.cms to http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2142788.cms
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070926231411/http://www.guardian.co.tt/archives/2006-01-10/sports4.html to http://www.guardian.co.tt/archives/2006-01-10/sports4.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 02:37, 13 January 2016 (UTC)

Another in the semi-regular series of "Don't make an entry if you can't be bothered to add a citation."
Title says it all. WillE (talk) 22:20, 6 October 2017 (UTC)

Ordering
Why All Alphabatically classification of Cricketers is Mismatched??? Utsav kapadiya (talk) 14:44, 12 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Because this is a poorly maintained article where editors come and add nicknames used once or that they have made up themselves for their favourite players and don't care if they leave the article in a mess. There are plenty of bogus / fake nicknames on here and anyone who has tried maintaining it has got fed up and left it to rot (I count myself amongst this number). Spike 'em (talk) 15:56, 12 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I have rearranged each section into alphabetical order using their Defaultsort names. This is generally their LAST name, although due to different naming conventions around the word, some people such as Shakib Al Hasan, may appear to be incorrectly ordered, even though they are correct. - Arjayay (talk) 16:19, 12 June 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of nicknames used in cricket