text:
Wikipedia:Cleanup Taskforce/Members/Members by interest

'''This list of was list updated 02:16, 14 September 2007 (UTC) retaining only people who had re-registered. If you have been removed but are interested in being returned to this list then just drop me a note at user talk:RJFJR and I'll be glad to add you back in; or feel free to add yourself.'''

This is a list of members of the Wikipedia Cleanup Taskforce sorted by their interests, skills, or areas of expertise. You can also see a list sorted by size of their desk queue.

Please give them some tasks to complete!

Note: This list currently needs to be updated and fully synchronized with information from the Members by size list. If you are uncertain on who to assign a task to, please check the list of confirmed active members, or help with the maintenance of these member lists. Tagged since October 9th, 2005.

I have added an attempt at automating making a list of active memebrs of the CT at Cleanup Taskforce/Members/Members by interest/Active. RJFJR 02:07, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia administrators
If administrator powers are needed for a cleanup task, these Wikipedians can help.

 * MacGyverMagic (Desk)
 * RJFJR (Desk)
 * Seraphimblade (Desk)

Bot programmers
Wikipedians who can program a bot to perform a repetitive cleanup task. See also Bot requests.

Organization

 * TheTallOne (Desk) - Likes to clean up unorganized articles which are not ordered into sections.

Wikification

 * RJFJR (Desk)
 * Plm209 (Desk)
 * MacGyverMagic (Desk)
 * Liveste (Desk)
 * Comppro (Desk)

Copy editing and style

 * Rahul Krishnan (Desk)
 * Kerowyn (Desk - English nerd)
 * RJFJR (Desk)
 * C i d (Desk) - it's my day job.
 * J M Rice (Desk) Merciless weeder.  I use Fowler (2nd ed).  My enemies list
 * MacGyverMagic (Desk)
 * Natalie (My Desk) - I used to be a journalism major until I realized the only interest I had was copyediting. I usually watch for spellings, caps, sentence structure, and especially (because so many people use it incorrectly) punctuation.
 * Seraphimblade (Desk) Organizing and cutting articles with excessive length or detail, rooting out original research, spelling/grammatical/flow problems. Seraphimblade Talk to me 13:06, 29 March 2007 (UTC)
 * spaceRiker (Desk)
 * fullobeans (Desk) - will happily reword poorly written articles.
 * Startstop123 (Desk) English major
 * reverie98 (Desk) Grammar/spelling snob with a degree in English

Fact checking

 * Rahul Krishnan (Desk)
 * C i d (Desk)
 * Bibliomaniac15 (Desk)
 * Phyesalis (Desk)
 * Comppro (Desk)
 * Yamum49 (talk)

Checking for copyright problems

 * Liveste (Desk)

Anything
We are members of the Cleanup Taskforce that are interested in all aspects of Wikipedia and are willing to do anything Wikipedia User) (newbie wikipedian user, Have basic knowledge, I specialize in spelling, punctuation, grammar and poor english translations) Desk ]])
 * Eleland (Desk)
 * User:Brisvegas (Desk)
 * Bibliomaniac15 (Desk)
 * Peter McGinley (Desk)
 * Kushan I.A.K.J (talk) 10:38, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Chris19910 (Desk)
 * Redlock (Desk)
 * Moe Epsilon ([[User:Moe Epsilon/Desk| Moe's
 * Desk
 * Jtg920 (talk) (Desk)
 * Steve Crossin (Desk)
 * Startstop123 (Desk) English major
 * Coltrain5041 (Desk)
 * Kieran.casey (Desk)
 * Swimfast922 (Desk)
 * Dysmys (Desk)

Arts & entertainment

 * Bibliomaniac15 (Desk)-classical music and flash cartoons

 * ComicDude (Desk)-comic strips

Anime

 * nihon (nihon's desk)

Games

 * Games
 * Bibliomaniac15 (Desk)- I like board games especially.

 * Computer games
 * Plm209 (Desk)- Expert at Counter Strike and all things Counter Strike related.
 * MaTrIx (Desk) PC Games
 * ClanCC (Desk) PC Games
 * Camdo2 (Desk) PC/Xbox (360) Games
 * Lich lord (Desk) Wii/DS/PC Games
 * Comppro (Desk) PS2 Games and the Grand Theft Auto  Series.

Literature

 * WayneRay (Desk) Poetry, Canadian Poetry and literature, Literary lists, history and Biographies
 * User:Brisvegas Desk
 * Liveste (Desk) - Novels and author biographies

Media

 * Rahul Krishnan (Desk)
 * Bibliomaniac15 (Desk)- especially "classic" fiction

Film

 * Rahul Krishnan (Desk) - Especially Indian Film
 * Plm209 (Desk) -Everything from obscure to mainstream
 * User:PacificBoy/Desk - I've been in the video biz for 20 years, in just about every capacity imaginable. My blood is 50% silver nitrate.
 * Littlegeisha (Desk) - I like book-to-movie films. Asian horror makes me jump for joy.  I can play a mean game of 6-degrees of separation when it comes to actors.

Science fiction & fantasy

 * Kerowyn (Desk)
 * Voyagerfan5761 (Desk) - Star Trek, mostly ST: Voyager, but some of the other series as well. Also fluent in Treknobabble terms and explanations.
 * Phyesalis (Desk) - Women Authors, General S/F and Criticism.
 * Starfleet officer (Desk)- Star trek
 * Dswitz10734 (Desk)- Specialty: Star Wars. I can do anything Star Wars if I am notified. I am currently working on Star Wars Stubs

Biography

 * Rahul Krishnan (Desk)
 * User:J M Rice Desk
 * Bibliomaniac15 (Desk)- most people, but don't consider people that aren't too well-known

Business

 * BestOnLifeform (Desk) - Defunct corporations

Geography

 * Bibliomaniac15 (Desk)- was in the geography bee before
 * Liveste (Desk) - Oceania
 * Camdo2 (Desk) - North America

Unspecified

 * Kerowyn (Desk)
 * J M Rice (Desk)
 * Bibliomaniac15 (Desk)- especially ancient, middle age, renaissance, and US history
 * Metromoxie (Desk)
 * BestOnLifeform (Desk) - Micronationalism

Ancient

 * Rahul Krishnan (Desk) - India
 * MacGyverMagic (Desk) - Ancient Egypt

Regional

 * Rahul Krishnan (Desk) - India
 * Brisvegas (Desk)
 * Liveste (Desk) - Australia and New Zealand
 * C i d (Desk)
 * Paul75 (Desk)
 * User:J M Rice (Desk)
 * C i d (Desk) The history of the American mafia.
 * User:J M Rice Desk
 * Paul75 19:48, 6 July 2006 (UTC) Desk, British history
 * Susanbryce (Desk) - Philippines
 * Littlegeisha (Desk) - Philippines (Theatre/Music History)

Middle Ages and Renaissance

 * Portia1780 (Desk)

History of Science

 * User:J M Rice Desk
 * Liveste (Desk)

19th Century

 * Liveste (Desk)
 * BestOnLifeform (Desk) - New Imperialism and British Colonialism

20th Century

 * Eleland (Desk)
 * C i d (Desk) - The history of the American mafia in the 20th century.

Current events

 * Rahul Krishnan (Desk)
 * Eleland (Desk)

21st Century

 * Rahul Krishnan (Desk) - India

Languages
(To request a translation see WP:TIE)

 * Rahul Krishnan (Desk) - English and Malayalam
 * Bibliomaniac15 (Desk)- intermediate, am Chinese-American
 * Kerowyn (Desk)

Music

 * C i d (Desk) - rock, indie/alternative, Britpop, punk, new wave.
 * Paul75 19:54, 6 July 2006 (UTC)Desk - Pop music from 80s - 00s, music charts, Madonna, Blondie, ABBA, Bananarama
 * Littlegeisha (Desk) - musical theatre, game/tv/movie soundtracks

Classical

 * Bibliomaniac15 (Desk)- theory and classical music history and composers, piano, string instruments (not guitar!), other instruments if needed, hymms

Politics and Government
See also: Current events (under History)
 * Rahul Krishnan (Desk) - Indian politics
 * Eleland (Desk)
 * C i d (Desk) - specifically British politics.

Military

 * TexasRazor (Desk) former USAF Tactical Weapons officer

Religion

 * J M Rice (Desk) Comparative religion
 * DaGizza (Desk) Just Hinduism, there's plenty to do
 * docboat (Desk)
 * Reaganhumber (Desk) Comparative, Christianity, Anglicanism

Hinduism

 * Rahul Krishnan (Desk)

Christianity

 * Comppro (Desk)
 * Reaganhumber (Desk)

Judaism

 * nadav (Desk)

Philosophy

 * NicholasTurnbull (Desk) * J M Rice (Desk) Existentialism, history of modern philosophy
 * fluss (Desk) - philosophy of science

Miscellaneous

 * Plm209 (Desk) - Materials Science and Engineering
 * MacGyverMagic (Desk) - Forensics
 * Bibliomaniac15 (Desk)- biology, medicinal plants, paleontology, creationism, archaeology
 * fluss (Desk) - Cultural Anthropology, Ethnography, Human Genetics
 * Kieran.casey (Desk)
 * Comppro (Desk) Law Enforcement

Biology

 * Liveste (Desk) - Biochemistry, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology

Dentistry

 * Cu4dk (Desk) - interested in all aspects of dentistry

Medicine

 * Kerowyn (Desk)
 * Liveste (Desk)
 * docboat (Desk)

Chemistry

 * MacGyverMagic (Desk) M
 * Kieran.casey (Desk)

Economics

 * Braddodson (Desk)

Mathematics

 * nadav (Desk) First year graduate. Any topic is good.
 * Braddodson (Desk) Undergraduate degree. Any topic is good.

Physics

 * Liveste (Desk)
 * spaceRiker (Desk)

Technology

 * Voyagerfan5761 (User:Voyagerfan5761/Desk)- Web programming/design, computing terms, software
 * kieran5676 (Desk) - Web development, software, hardware, operating systems, terms/language, PHP, HTML

Computer science & computing

 * RJFJR (Desk) - My undergraduate degree was electrical engineering and software engineering, but I haven't done much hardware lately.
 * Voyagerfan5761 (User:Voyagerfan5761/Desk) - Web Programming, computing terms, software
 * Metromoxie (Desk) Operating Systems, Programming Language Theory, Graphics, Verification, Scheme, C, C++, Java
 * ClanCC (Desk) Web Programming
 * spaceRiker (Desk) - Systems/Networks/Web/Programming
 * Braddodson (Desk) - Robotics, AI, software engineering, algorithms

 * Comppro (Desk) Computer Viruses,Operating Systems,Web Design,
 * Xenoslyce (Desk) Throw anything computer science/computing at me!

Sports

 * Rahul Krishnan (Desk) - Football and Cricket
 * C i d (Desk) - mainly football (soccer) and cricket.
 * Metromoxie (Desk) - Basketball, Baseball, Ultimate (Frisbee), American Football, Track and Field
 * Liveste (Desk) - Rugby (union, sevens, league)
 * Refsworldlee (Desk) - English football (soccer) referees Resigned
 * MPJ-DK 16:51, 12 July 2007 (UTC) (Desk) - Professional Wrestling
 * 5faizan (Desk) - Cricket

World

 * Rahul Krishnan (Desk) - Especially South Asia
 * Bibliomaniac15 (Desk)- mainly US and China
 * Liveste (Desk) - Oceania
 * docboat (Desk)
 * Comppro (Desk) Greece


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User talk:Nileshpatil

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! andy 16:27, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Nileshpatil


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User talk:C.Löser

.

Speedy deletion nomination of DJ Cosmix

A tag has been placed on DJ Cosmix requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a band or musician, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, you can place a request here. Epeefleche (talk) 05:05, 19 March 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:C.Löser


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User:Mailyn

Mailyn

About Me
My name is chinese originally spelled Mai Lin but was (incorrectly) written by my mother as Mailyn when I was born. I have 3 dogs, all strays picked up from the street (as my mom and I have a habit of doing that) and I live in Miami, Florida, USA.

However, the name Mailyn has also been given by choice as a "correct" spelled way in some cases. One example is the Brussels born Mailyn (28.01.06), who as part of a twin (with her brother Jayden) currently resides in London. She is a biological offspring of mixed Caucasian- Chinese parentage (Eurasian), with cultural links to Belgium and to the island of Penang (Malaysia). The correct pronunciation of the name is [mejlin] and it's etymiological meaning is a syntax from the words Mei and Lyn, meaning "flowery cascade".

Music
I've always been interested in different cultures from all over the world, most notably any from Asia. A few of my favorite musicians are (in no particular order):

China
 * Jacky Cheung Hok Yau
 * Nicholas Tse Ting Fu

Japan
 * Namie Amuro
 * Mika Nakashima
 * Shigeru Umebayashi

Vietnam
 * Nhu Quynh
 * Tran Thai Hoa

India
 * Udit Narayan
 * Sunidhi Chauhan
 * Shreya Ghosal

Lebanon
 * Nawal el-Zoughbi
 * Nancy Ajram
 * Najwa Karam

Greece
 * Antonis Remos
 * Anna Vissi
 * Elena Paparizou

Turkey
 * Tarkan
 * Mustafa Sandal

Korea
 * Kim Ho Kyung Tei
 * Lee Jung Hyun
 * Lee Seung Chul

Canada
 * Lara Fabian
 * Sarah McLachlan

UK
 * Sarah Brightman
 * Charlotte Church
 * The Prodigy

Italy
 * Eros Ramazzotti
 * Gianluca Grignani
 * Luciano Pavarotti
 * Daniela Pedali

France
 * Charles Aznavour
 * Edith Piaf
 * Emma Shapplin

Spain
 * David DeMaria
 * Nino Bravo
 * Camilo Sesto

US
 * Josh Groban
 * Brandy (entertainer)
 * Christina Aguilera

Mexico
 * Alejandro Fernandez
 * Juan Gabriel
 * Fey (singer)

Brazil
 * Alexandre Pires

Argentina
 * Diego Torres

Russia
 * Alsou

Dominican Republic
 * Fernando Villalona
 * Sergio Vargas

and many others I can't remember (^_^)

Movies
I love to watch movies from all over. I grew up watching mostly european, japanese, and chinese movies and as a teen I started watching korean, indian, and thai movies. I hope to be able to also watch arab movies but I've yet to find any store that has them with english subtitles.

title: User:Mailyn


text:
The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron Boy Genius: Attack of the Twonkies

The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius: Attack of the Twonkies is a 2004 video game published by THQ. The game is based on the American animated series The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron, Boy Genius, but specifically the special 2-part hour-long episode of the same name (even though it aired two months after the game was released). The game was developed by THQ Studio Australia for the GameCube and PlayStation 2. A Game Boy Advance version was developed by Tantalus.

Summary
In the game, the player controls Jimmy in a quest to save Earth from the alien "Twonkies" using gadgets and inventions. Although made after the Jimmy Neutron episode "Attack of the Twonkies!", levels are designed with the same mechanics as the film, including a rocket and the theme park "Retroland".

The game starts with Jimmy in a classroom, and they talk about a comet coming in close orbit of the Earth, Jimmy takes a rocket ship there and ends up finding alien life, which he accidentally brings back with him.

The game features multiple boss fights and features putting together random objects into one invention that assist in defeating bosses and collecting Twonkies.

Reception
The game has received "mixed or average" reviews from critics, as GameRankings gave it a score of 52.57% for the Game Boy Advance version, 63.50% for the Nintendo GameCube version, and 69.40% for the PlayStation 2 version; while Metacritic gave it a score of 56 out of 100 for the GBA version and 65 out of 100 for both the GameCube and PS2 versions.


text: User talk:142.227.194.5

title: User talk:142.227.194.5


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Talk:Rugby league in Italy

RL Popularity
I don't know whether it is true or not but I read that league was quite widely played in Italy but Mussolini (urged on by rugby union officials) declared that there was only one kind of rugby i.e. union and effectively made it impossible to get insurance to play rugby league.GordyB 14:01, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Serious? Damn... I'll have to add that to the article I'm writing ;) I'm compiling a list of all the shitty stuff Union have done to league to prevent it from gaining a foot hold and going on to explain how things have turned out today. It's not supposed to be for wikipedia, but I going to try and use it somewhere. You can check it out here. POds 15:09, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

League or league?
I may be wrong, but perhaps those purists of Rugby Union are deliberately playing this down, but should this not be Rugby League - capital letters for both words? Peter Shearan 18:20, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rugby league in Italy


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Electronic dictionary

An electronic dictionary is a dictionary whose data exists in digital form and can be accessed through a number of different media. Electronic dictionaries can be found in several forms, including software installed on tablet or desktop computers, mobile apps, web applications, and as a built-in function of E-readers. They may be free or require payment.

Information
Most of the early electronic dictionaries were, in effect, print dictionaries made available in digital form: the content was identical, but the electronic editions provided users with more powerful search functions. But soon the opportunities offered by digital media began to be exploited. Two advantages are that limitations of space (and the need to optimize its use) become less pressing, so additional content can be provided; and the possibility arises of including multimedia content, such as audio pronunciations and video clips.

Electronic dictionary databases, especially those included with software dictionaries are often extensive and can contain up to 500,000 headwords and definitions, verb conjugation tables, and a grammar reference section. Bilingual electronic dictionaries and monolingual dictionaries of inflected languages often include an interactive verb conjugator, and are capable of word stemming and lemmatization.

Publishers and developers of electronic dictionaries may offer native content from their own lexicographers, licensed data from print publications, or both, as in the case of Babylon offering premium content from Merriam Webster, and Ultralingua offering additional premium content from Collins, Masson, and Simon & Schuster, and Paragon Software offering original content from Duden, Britannica, Harrap, Merriam-Webster and Oxford.

Writing systems
As well as Latin script, electronic dictionaries are also available in logographic and right-to-left scripts, including Arabic, Persian, Chinese, Devanagari, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Cyrillic, and Thai.

Dictionary software
Many publishers of traditional printed dictionaries such as Langenscheidt, Collins-Reverso, Oxford University Press, Duden, American Heritage, and Hachette, offer their resources for use on desktop and laptop computers. These programs can either be downloaded or purchased on CD-ROM and installed. Other dictionary software is available from specialised electronic dictionary publishers such as iFinger, ABBYY Lingvo, Collins-Ultralingua, Mobile Systems and Paragon Software. Some electronic dictionaries provide an online discussion forum moderated by the software developers and lexicographers

Handheld dictionaries or PEDs
Handheld electronic dictionaries, also known as "pocket electronic dictionaries" or PEDs, resemble miniature clamshell laptop computers, complete with full keyboards and LCD screens. Because they are intended to be fully portable, the dictionaries are battery-powered and made with durable casing material. Although produced all over the world, handheld dictionaries are especially popular in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, China, and neighbouring countries, where they are the dictionary of choice for many users learning English as a second language. Some features of handheld dictionaries include stroke order animations, voice output, handwriting recognition, language-learning programs, a calculator, PDA-like organizer functions, time zone and currency converters, and crossword puzzle solvers. Dictionaries that contain data for several languages may have a "jump" or "skip-search" feature that allows users to move between the dictionaries when looking up words, and a reverse translation action that allows further look-ups of words displayed in the results. Many manufacturers produce handheld dictionaries that use licensed dictionary content that use a database such as the Merriam Webster Dictionary and Thesaurus while others may use a proprietary database from their own lexicographers. Users can also add content to their handheld dictionaries with memory cards (both expandable and dedicated), CD-ROM data, and Internet downloads. Manufacturers include AlfaLink, Atree, Besta, Casio, Canon, Instant Dict, Ectaco, Franklin, Iriver, Lingo, Maliang Cyber Technology, Compagnia Lingua Ltd., Nurian, Seiko, and Sharp.

In Japan
The market size as of 2014 was about 24.2 billion yen ($227.1 million in May 2016 USD), although the market has been shrinking gradually from 2007 because of smartphones and tablet computers. The targeted customer base has been being shifted from business users to students. Student models of Japanese handheld dictionaries also include digital versions of textbooks and other study materials. Sony and Seiko have withdrawn from the market. As of 2016, Casio had 59.3% of the market share, followed by Sharp with 21.5% and Canon with 19.2%.

In 2016, Seiko announced that their mobile device apps on iPad iOS has been launched.

Dictionaries on mobile devices
Dictionaries of all types are available as apps for smartphones and for tablet computers such as Apple's iPad, the BlackBerry PlayBook and the Motorola Xoom. The needs of translators and language learners are especially well catered for, with apps for bilingual dictionaries for numerous language pairs, and for most of the well-known monolingual learner's dictionaries such as the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English and the Macmillan English Dictionary.

Online dictionaries
There are several types of online dictionary, including: Online dictionaries are regularly updated, keeping abreast of language change. Many have additional content, such as blogs and features on new words. Some are collaborative projects, most notably Wiktionary and the Collins Online Dictionary. And some, like the Urban Dictionary, consist of entries (sometimes self-contradictory) supplied by users. Many dictionaries for special purposes, especially for professional and trade terminology, and regional dialects and language variations, are published on the websites of organizations and individual authors. Although they may often be presented in list form without a search function, because of the way in which the information is stored and transmitted, they are nevertheless electronic dictionaries.
 * Aggregator sites, which give access to data licensed from various reference publishers. They typically offer monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, one or more thesauruses, and technical or specialized dictionaries. (e.g. TheFreeDictionary.com, Dictionary.com, Kotobank, and Goo Dictionary)
 * 'Premium' dictionaries available on subscription (e.g. Oxford English Dictionary, van Dale, and Kenkyusha Online Dictionary)
 * Dictionaries from a single publisher, free to the user and supported by advertising (e.g. Collins Online Dictionary, Duden Online, Larousse bilingual dictionaries, the Macmillan English Dictionary, and the Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary)
 * Dictionaries available free from non-commercial publishers (often institutions with government funding), such as the Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek (ANW), and Den Danske Ordbog.

Evaluation
There are differences in quality of hardware (hand held devices), software (presentation and performance), and dictionary content. Some hand helds are more robustly constructed than others, and the keyboards or touch screen input systems should be physically compared before purchase. The information on the GUI of computer based dictionary software ranges from complex and cluttered, to clear and easy-to-use with user definable preferences including font size and colour.

A major consideration is the quality of the lexical database. Dictionaries intended for collegiate and professional use generally include most or all of the lexical information to be expected in a quality printed dictionary. The content of electronic dictionaries developed in association with leading publishers of printed dictionaries is more reliable that those aimed at the traveler or casual user, while bilingual dictionaries that have not been authored by teams of native speaker lexicographers for each language, will not be suitable for academic work. Some developers opt to have their products evaluated by an independent academic body such as the CALICO.

Another major consideration is that the devices themselves and the dictionaries in them are generally designed for a particular market. As an example, almost all handheld Japanese-English electronic dictionaries are designed for people with native fluency in Japanese who are learning and using English; thus, Japanese words do not generally include furigana pronunciation glosses, since it is assumed that the reader is literate in Japanese (headwords of entries do have pronunciation, however). Further, the primary manner to look up words is by pronunciation, which makes looking up a word with unknown pronunciation difficult (for example, one would need to know that 網羅 "comprehensive" is pronounced もうら, moura to look it up directly). However, Japanese electronic dictionaries (primarily on recent models) include character recognition, so users (native speakers of Japanese or not) can look up words by writing the kanji.

Similar limitations exist in most two or multi-language dictionaries and can be especially crippling when the languages are not written in the same script or alphabet; it's important to find a dictionary optimized for the user's native language.

Integrated technology
Several developers of the systems that drive electronic dictionary software offer API and SDK – Software Development Kit tools for adding various language-based (dictionary, translation, definitions, synonyms, and spell checking and grammar correction) functions to programs, and web services such as the AJAX API used by Google. These applications manipulate language in various ways, providing dictionary/translation features, and sophisticated solutions for semantic search. They are often available as a C++ API, an XML-RPC server, a .NET API, or as a Python API for many operating systems (Mac, Windows, Linux, etc.) and development environments, and can also be used for indexing other kinds of data.

title: Electronic dictionary


text:
Talk:Exposure (magic)

Another Problem
Most wikipedia.org entries seem to exist in a vacuum, by which I mean not only that there are no legitimate references, but that the entry is not even aware of its own context. This "exposure" writeup serves as such an excellent specimen of hopelessness that we can use it in several contexts. For example, the most notorious and disgusting example of magical exposures is wikipedia itself. If you will search for entries on various magical effects, gimmicks and props you will generally find short entries, obviously written by mentally-challenged teenagers, which are rarely longer than three sentences, and have no purpose other than to expose the "secret," or what the addled teenager supposes is the secret. Look around and you will find a dozen examples. By the way, I am not trying to suppress my identity, the wikipedia server, if there is such a thing, is so hopelessly overloaded that I generally find it impossible to log in. [Rory Coker]

Is there a template for "This article has too many templates?" --Ben Applegate 06:05, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Complete rewrite needed
This entry reads as if written by a semiliterate teenager whose only knowledge of the topic comes from surfing the web. It needs to be brought up to some reasonable standard of english usage and professional familarity with the subject. Cokerwr 00:33, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

The real secrets of magic will always be safe and well.Kazuba (talk) 05:54, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

'Apparent' exposures
This entry is NOT written in the english language. It needs to be revised by someone who is literate and also knowledgeable magically.

I've added verbiage about 'apparent' exposures, tricks where the magician appears to be repeating a previous trick but really isn't. I can't remember my Amateur Magician's Handbook well enough anymore -- isn't there a technical term for this? Eaglizard 14:02, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The usual term for an effect with a fake explanation is "sucker effect"--TStone 17:11, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Also, Penn and Teller should not be used in pro-exposure context, as they do fake-exposures, or expose material they have invented for that single purpose. There are no similatities, and they would be both hurt and insulted by being in the same sentence as the Masked Magician

Proposal re. magic methods
See the proposal: Policy for magic methods --TStone 17:09, 21 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Page moved to Proposed policy for magic methods. --cesarb 14:53, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

Opinion
It says it is frowned upon by most people, but I am an exception. I don't even want to go to a magic show unless it is definite that I will learn the tricks! ' FL a  RN ' (talk) 21:09, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

I don't think it's true either, at least with the general public, there will be many on both sides of the argument. I've clarified so that it is clear that it is meant that it is within the industry that this view is so universally held. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.126.179.67 (talk) 19:18, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

Balanced view of links
Wikipedia should present balanced views. In the past this page has been subject to vanadalism of links to sites advocating exposure. There are benefits of exposure and non exposure as stated in the article and therefore the balance of the links should reflect this. There's no reason for example why a "webring of sites against exposure" should take precedence over a site explaining the benefits of exposure.

Intellectual Property
Somebody should check whether a scientific principle can be patented. Actually--you probably don't need to bother. I'm pretty sure it can't be. However the trick might still be patentable by combining the principle with something else. Of course, that would prevent other people from reproducing it but not from revealing how it is done. The very process of filing for a patent would require a disclosure to the public. Either way, I think the chances of winning an IP suit to protect a magic trick is slim to none. You might have a chance on trade secret--but only against a certain group of people, and certainly not against somebody who had figured the trick out on their own. -- Anonymous

In the United States, bald scientific principles (e.g., magnetism) cannot be patented. Particular implementations of a scientific principle (e.g., hard disk that use magnetism to encode information) can be patented. See the Manual of Patent Examination and Procedure, section 2106(IV)(A), available at http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/documents/2100_2106.htm#sect2106. David Copperfield has some of his devices patented.

Other intellectual property protection might be available under copyright or trade secret law. As noted above, trade secret protection would not protect against someone who independently figured out a trick (as opposed to learning it in confidence from the creator, and later breaking that confidence by disclosing the method of the trick). Copyright protection would most likely be difficult to assert, since it protects from people copying the trick, not explaining it. Moreover, copyrights do not protect against independent creation.

Thus, I agree with the original anonymous commentor that this section should be removed. 38.112.155.5 20:01, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

Tags
There is no discussion of the tags so I am removing them. FGT2 19:58, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

Generally immature style
Someone earlier here wrote, "This entry reads as if written by a semiliterate teenager whose only knowledge of the topic comes from surfing the web. It needs to be brought up to some reasonable standard of english usage and professional familarity with the subject." ......I fully agree....I dropped in the refimprove template....but it needs a'lot of work. There was just something janky about the "Footnotes" and how they were referenced........the very first ref essentially jumps straight to nothing more than a fancy blog.......doesn't pass muster. Buddpaul (talk) 17:21, 12 November 2009 (UTC)

Copyedit notes

 * General rewrite for readability, tone and neutrality.
 * Removal of duplicate statements.
 * WP:BOLD removal of long section on Randi's exposure of Uri Geller's psychic tricks on the basis that OFF TOPIC.
 * Removal of irrelevant examples of apparent exposures.
 * --Haruth (talk) 23:03, 20 May 2010 (UTC)
 * .....good work!! I removed some of the "insider" stuff in the intro paragraph. I'm a devoted magician and exposure doesn't have to be carried out by an "insider" (whatever that means)....it can be carried out by a kid who just purchased the ball and vase at a magic shop yesterday. This article is important (in my opinion) and is coming together nicely.Buddpaul (talk) 18:04, 24 August 2010 (UTC)

Expert attention
I see this article request an expert's attention. Being a former professional sleight of hand artist, I will be happy to help, if someone could be so kind to explain exactly what you need an experts advice on. Best, Jonas Vinther • (speak to me!) 16:47, 1 March 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Exposure (magic)


text:
Farnborough (Main) railway station

Farnborough (Main) railway station is on the South West Main Line and serves the town of Farnborough in Hampshire, England. The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by South Western Railway.

It is one of three stations in the town; the others, Farnborough North and North Camp, are both situated on the North Downs Line. The station is usually known as Farnborough (Main) in order to distinguish it from Farnborough North, including by National Rail and South Western Railway, although it is often signposted simply as Farnborough.

The station is located 33 mi from London Waterloo and is situated between Brookwood and Fleet.

History
Farnborough railway station was opened in 1838 by the London and South Western Railway (then the London and Southampton Railway), on the line from London to Winchfield (then Shapley Heath). The next year, the line was extended to Basingstoke, then the next year it was connected to Southampton. Throughout its life, Farnborough has been a through station.

In 1849, South Eastern Railway built the North Downs Line, and opened a station also known as Farnborough, but it was not renamed as its existing name Farnborough North until 1923. The main line railway station was often known as Farnborough (Main) and this has become its official name. It is referred to as simply 'Farnborough' on platform and road signs, but National Rail and South Western Railway officially use the suffix (though not on timetables). It was sometimes advertised as 'Farnborough for Aldershot' at an early stage.

As with Hook and Winchfield, there is a wide gap between the tracks. Originally, an island platform stood between them. When the railway was quadrupled, the existing 'up' (London-bound) track became the 'down' (Southampton-bound) fast. The former 'up' platform, an island which had a loop line running behind it was demolished with the loop line becoming the 'up fast'. The new 'up slow' line and a new platform for 'up' services were built at this time (early 1900s).

One source suggests that it may have been used by Queen Victoria to get to Windsor Castle, though the main station she used for Windsor was Slough until Windsor got its own station.

In 2011, the forecourt underwent refurbishment to add two lifts to the platforms plus a new transport interchange complete with taxi rank, three new bus stops and a large bicycle shelter. In 2012, the station booking hall underwent an extensive refurbishment and the booking hall was modernised and enlarged as a result. Furthermore, a double level car park was built in the station during 2014, which has greatly increased car parking capacity at the station.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 26 November 1947, a passenger train was in a rear-end collision with another, hauled by SR Lord Nelson Class 4-6-0 No. 860 Lord Hawke, due to a signalman's error. Two people were killed.
 * On 5 April 2016, the "country" side waiting room was targeted by arsonists, causing damage to the interior and attempting to set fire to the ticket office.

Services
South Western Railway operate all services at Farnborough (Main) station. The typical off-peak service per hour is:

 * Two trains each way between Basingstoke and London Waterloo;
 * One train each way between Portsmouth Harbour and London Waterloo.

Facilities
The station has three coffee shops, a waiting room on each platform, a ticket office, self-service ticket machines, smartcard travel facilities and bicycle parking facilities.

title: Farnborough (Main) railway station


text:
Themed Entertainment Association

The Themed Entertainment Association (TEA) is an international non-profit association that represents creators, developers, designers and producers of themed entertainment. It is also noted for its THEA Awards, which were founded in 1995 and are distributed annually in a range of themed entertainment categories.

Founding
The TEA was founded in 1991 by Monty Lunde, a former special effects designer for Disney who had gone on to start the special effects company Technifex with his business partner Rock Hall. The TEA mission, as stated in its bylaws, is to facilitate dialogue and communication among its members, to stimulate knowledge and professional growth, and to expand the size, diversity and awareness of the themed entertainment industry. Every year since 2007, the TEA has hosted a two-day TEA Summit, 2 days prior to the Thea Awards banquet, showcasing the teams that worked on these award-winning projects.

Awards
The TEA presents the annual Thea Awards to projects that exemplify the highest standards of excellence and achievement, including individuals, parks, attractions, exhibits, and experiences in the themed entertainment industry. The Thea Awards began in 1994 with a single honoree: Harrison "Buzz" Price, the first recipient of the Thea Lifetime Achievement Award. That award is now called the Buzz Price Thea Award for a Lifetime of Outstanding Achievements in his honor. The second recipient was Marty Sklar in 1995. Bob Gurr was the recipient in 1999. In 1996, the Awards for Outstanding Achievement (AOA) were introduced, and ten were distributed. In the years since, additional special categories of AOA have been created, ensuring a multi-award event. Anyone can nominate a project, but judging is conducted by a committee that includes all past lifetime achievement honorees, one board liaison, and nine members-at-large appointed to three-year terms. Award recipients are announced in November and formally presented the following spring.

29th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2023, Theas were awarded to the following:
 * The Buzz Price Thea Award: Roland Mack, Founder and Managing Partner, Europa Park
 * Thea Classic Award: The Main Street Electrical Parade, Disneyland, Anaheim, CA, U.S.
 * Catalyst Award: Susana Tubert, Creative Director, Disney Live Entertainment, Disneyland Parks & Resorts, The Walt Disney Company
 * Catalyst Award: Chevy Humphrey, President & CEO, Museum of Science & Industry - Chicago
 * TEA Peter Chernack Distinguished Service Award: Kevin Murphy
 * TEA Peter Chernack Distinguished Service Award: Peter Weishar

Award for Outstanding Achievement:

28th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2022, Theas were awarded to the following:
 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): Doris Hardoon, executive creative director and producer consultant for Walt Disney Imagineering
 * Thea Classic Award: Night Safari, Singapore
 * TEA Peter Chernack Distinguished Service Award: Lynn Allmandinger
 * Heritage Center, Limited Budget: Indigenous Peoples Experience, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
 * Live Show, Limited Budget: Bastogne: The Roads to Freedom, Belgium
 * Technical Innovation: Mario Kart AR Themed Ride Technology, Osaka, Japan
 * Zoo: Elephant Springs, Fort Worth Zoo, Texas, U.S.
 * Immersive Experience, Limited Budget: Symphony: A Virtual Journey into the Heart of Music, Barcelona, Spain
 * Themed Retail, Limited Budget: Gideon's Bakehouse, Disney Springs, Orlando, U.S.
 * Inspiration Learning Experience, Limited Budget:Animakerspace, U.S.
 * Museum, Limited Budget: BOOM! Britannia Mine Museum, Britannia Beach, Canada
 * Technical Innovation: Stuntronics Aerial Robotics Technology, Anaheim, California, U.S.
 * Brand Experience: Weta Workshop Unleashed, Auckland, New Zealand
 * Attraction: Level 99, Natick, Massachusetts, U.S.
 * Theme Park Land: Super Nintendo World, Universal Studios Japan, Osaka, Japan
 * Attraction: The Secret Life of Pets: Off the Leash, Universal Studios Hollywood, U.S.
 * Attraction, Limited Budget: Reodor Felgen's Hyperakselerator, Hunderfossen Familie Park, Fåberg, Norway

27th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2021, Theas were awarded to the following:
 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): Robert Weis (Bob Weis), President of Walt Disney Imagineering (2016-2022)
 * Thea Classic Award: Blackpool Pleasure Beach
 * TEA Peter Chernack Distinguished Service Award: Dale Sprague, Canyon Creative
 * Entrance Experience, Limited Budget: St. Louis Aquarium at Union Station, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
 * Attraction: Sesame Street: Street Mission, PortAventura World, Tarragona, Spain
 * Live Show Spectacular: Qu Yuan, Jingzhou Oriental Heritage Park, Hubei China
 * Attraction: The Twilight Saga: Midnight Ride, Lionsgate Entertainment World, Zhuhai, China
 * Attraction, Limited Budget: Snorri Touren, Europa-Park, Rust, Germany
 * Technical Innovation: ARGUS LED Dome System, China
 * Touring Exhibition, Limited Budget: Amazing Pollinators
 * Live Attraction Spectacular: The Bourne Stuntacular, Universal Studios Florida, Orlando, Florida, U.S.
 * Connected/Immersive Storytelling: The Nest, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.
 * Attraction: Mickey & Minnie's Runaway Railway, Disney's Hollywood Studios, Orlando, Florida, U.S.
 * Immersive Design for Special Needs Guests: D.R.E.A.M. Centre, Chailey Heritage Foundation, Lewes, United Kingdom
 * Museum Exhibit Design, Limited Budget: "Becoming Jane: The Evolution of Dr. Jane Goodall," National Geographic Museum, Washington D.C., U.S.
 * Themed Hotel: Les Quais de Lutèce Hotel, Parc Astérix, France
 * Technological Innovation of Industry Significance: TAIT Navigator Automation and Show Control Platform
 * Airport Destination Experience: Jewel Changi Airport, Singapore
 * Attraction: Star Wars: Rise of the Resistance, Disney's Hollywood Studios, Florida and Disneyland Park, CA, U.S.

26th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2020 the Thea Awards and conference were held digitally due to the COVID-19 pandemic. They were awarded to the following:

 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): Nancy Seruto, Portfolio Creative, Walt Disney Imagineering
 * Thea Classic Award: Pageant of the Masters
 * TEA Peter Chernack Award for Distinguished Service: Wendy Heimann-Nunes
 * Museum Exhibit: The Hebrew Bible Experience, Museum of the Bible, Washington DC, U.S.
 * Technical Innovation: Christie Eclipse 4K RGB Pure Laser Projector
 * Attraction: Hagrid's Magical Creatures Motorbike Adventure, Universal Orlando, U.S.
 * Brand Experience: The Google Assistant Ride, 2019 CES Trade Show, Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.
 * Connected Immersion on a Limited Budget: Poverty Encounter, Children's Hunger Fund, Sylmar, California, U.S.
 * Museum Upgrade: The Fram Museum, Oslo, Norway
 * Family Entertainment Center: Wonderbox at Paradise City, Incheon, South Korea
 * Attraction, Limited Budget: Popcorn Revenge, Walibi Belgium Belgium
 * Theme Park: Warner Bros. World Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
 * Attraction: Millennium Falcon: Smugglers Run, Disneyland, California, U.S.
 * Connected Immersion: Jeff Wayne's The War of the Worlds: The Immersive Experience, London, England
 * Museum, Limited Budget: The Cool Planet Experience, Wicklow, Ireland
 * Attraction: Le Premier Royaume, Grand Parc du Puy du Fou, Les Epesses, France
 * Live Show Spectacular: The Legends of the Gods, Huaxiacheng Tourism Senic Area, Weihai Huaxia City,Shandong, China
 * New Park Land: Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge, Disneyland Resort, California, U.S.

25th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2019, Theas were awarded to the following:

 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): Mark Woodbury, Vice Chairman of Universal Destinations & Experiences; President of Universal Creative
 * Classic Award: Dollywood, Pigeon Forge, Tennessee, U.S.
 * Attraction: Justice League: Battle for Metropolis, Six Flags Magic Mountain, Valencia, California, U.S.
 * Attraction: SlideWheel, Chimelong Water Park, Guangzhou, China
 * Attraction, Limited Budget: Bazyliszek, Legendia, Chorzow, Poland
 * Museum Experience, Limited Budget: Be Washington: It's Your Turn to Lead, George Washington's Mount Vernon, Mount Vernon, Virginia, U.S.
 * Connected Immersion, Digital Art: MORI Building DIGITAL ART MUSEUM: teamLab Borderless in Palette Town, Tokyo, Japan
 * Museum, Limited Budget: The Evel Knievel Museum, Topeka, Kansas, U.S.
 * Theme Park: Fantawild Oriental Heritage, Xiamen, China
 * Connected Immersion, Digital Overlay: ILLUMINATIONS: human/nature, Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity, Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada; and Rouge National Urban Park, Toronto, Canada
 * Brand Center: LEGO House A/S, Billund, Denmark
 * Repurposed Attraction: Nemo & Friends SeaRider, Tokyo DisneySea, Japan
 * Live Show: Legend of Camel Bells at the Huaxia Cultural Tourism Resort, Xi'an, China
 * Live Show Spectacular: Universal Spectacle Night Parade at Universal Studios Japan, Osaka
 * Water Theme Park: Volcano Bay, Universal Orlando Resort, Orlando, Florida
 * Outstanding Technical Innovation: Intel Shooting Star Drone System
 * Peter Chernack Distinguished Service Award: Michel Linet-Frion, Creative & Innovation Director at Pierre & Vacances Développement

24th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2018, Theas were awarded to the following:

 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): Phil Hettema, founder, The Hettema Group
 * Thea Classic Award: Cedar Point, Sandusky, Ohio, U.S.
 * Attraction: Symbolica: The Palace of Fantasy at de Efteling, The Netherlands
 * Attraction: Avatar Flight of Passage, Disney's Animal Kingdom, Orlando, Florida U.S.
 * Connected Immersion on a Limited Budget: Ghost Town Alive! at Knott's Berry Farm, Buena Park, California, U.S.
 * Theme park area development: Pandora – The World of Avatar, Disney's Animal Kingdom, Orlando, Florida U.S.
 * Museum Rehab, Limited Budget: Rainis' Museum Tadenava, Latvia
 * Museum exhibit on a limited budget: Gallipoli: The scale of our war at Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
 * Heritage Visitor Center on a limited budget: Cittadella Visitors Centre, Gozo Island, Malta
 * Immersive Event: Les Carrières de Lumières, Les Baux de Provence, France
 * Immersive Event, limited budget: Aura, Notre-Dame Basilica of Montreal, Canada
 * Innovative Technology: 3D Live - "Holographic" 3D LED Display, with the first permanent installation at Mass Effect: New Earth at California's Great America, Santa Clara, California, U.S.
 * Brand Experience: Jameson Distillery Bow St., Dublin, Ireland
 * Connected Immersion: Sleep No More, Shanghai, China
 * Live Show: Chimelong Ocean Kingdom's Journey of Lights Parade, Chimelong Ocean Kingdom, Zhuhai, China
 * Attraction Reimagining: Frozen Ever After at Epcot, Orlando, Florida, U.S.
 * Attraction Reimagining: Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: BREAKOUT! at Disney California Adventure, Disneyland Resort, U.S.
 * New Theme Park Land: DreamWorks Animation Zone at MOTIONGATE™ Dubai at Dubai Parks and Resorts, United Arab Emirates
 * Museum: National Museum of African American History and Culture, Washington DC, U.S.
 * Peter Chernack Distinguished Service Award: Joe Fox, PMP, Senior project engineer, Birket Engineering
 * Peter Chernack Distinguished Service Award: Annika Oetken

23rd Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2017, Theas were awarded to the following:

 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): Jeremy Railton, Chairman & Founder of Entertainment Design Corporation
 * Thea Classic Award: Waterworld: A Live Sea War Spectacular, Universal Studios Hollywood, U.S.
 * Attraction: Pirates of the Caribbean: Battle for the Sunken Treasure, Shanghai Disneyland, China
 * Attraction: Camp Discovery, Shanghai Disneyland, China
 * Attraction: 5D Castle Theater, Chimelong Ocean Kingdom, Zhuhai, China
 * Connected Immersion: Ghost Post at The Haunted Mansion, Disneyland Park, U.S.
 * Connected Immersion on a Limited Budget: Meow Wolf House of Eternal Return, Santa Fe, New Mexico U.S.
 * Eco-friendly Destination: Center Parcs Domaine du Bois aux Daims, Les Trois-Moutiers, France
 * Live Show: Le Dernier Panache at Puy du Fou, Les Epesses, France
 * Innovative Ride System: Mack Rides for the Inverted Powered Coaster
 * Immersive Museum Exhibit: Touring: Meet Vincent van Gogh Experience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
 * Technology: Slideboarding from WhiteWater West
 * Connected Immersion in Education: Senate Immersion Module at the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate, Boston, U.S.
 * Themed Food & Beverage Experience: Springfield, Universal Studios Hollywood, U.S.
 * Museum Exhibit on a Limited Budget: TRANSFORMATIONS, Museum of Latin American Art, Long Beach, California, U.S.
 * Peter Chernack Distinguished Service Award: Peter Chernack, The Chernack Group
 * Theme Park: Shanghai Disneyland, China

22nd Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2016, Theas were awarded to the following:

 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): Keith James
 * Thea Classic Award: San Diego Zoo and San Diego Zoo Safari Park, U.S.
 * Attraction: One World Observatory, New York City, U.S.
 * Attraction: SpongeBob SubPants Adventure at Moody Gardens, Galveston, U.S.
 * Attraction on a Limited Budget: Les Amoureux de Verdun at Puy du Fou, Les Epesses, France
 * Interactive Attraction on a Limited Budget: Foresta Lumina, Parc de la Gorge de Coaticook, Coaticook, Quebec, Canada
 * Science/Discovery Garden: Rory Meyers Children's Adventure Garden, Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden, U.S.
 * Museum Exhibit: Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty at Victoria and Albert Museum, London, UK
 * Science/Discovery Experience on a Limited Budget: Inspector Training Course, Discovery Cube Los Angeles, U.S.
 * Event Spectacular: Fountain of Dreams at Wuyishan, Fujian, China
 * Parade Spectacular: Disney Paint the Night, Hong Kong Disneyland and Disneyland (Anaheim), U.S.
 * Technology on a Limited Budget: Gantom Torch Technology
 * Technology Breakthrough: Geppetto Animation Control System
 * Brand Experience on a Limited Budget: Manufacturing Innovation Ford Rouge Factory Tour, The Henry Ford, Dearborn, U.S.
 * Corporate Visitor Center Rehab on a Limited Budget: Moments of Happiness at World of Coca-Cola, Atlanta, U.S.
 * Environmental Media Experience: Integrated Environmental Media System at LAX Los Angeles International Airport, U.S.
 * TEA Distinguished Service Honoree: John Robinett

21st Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2015, Theas were awarded to the following:

 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): Ron Miziker
 * Thea Classic Award: It's a Small World at Disneyland, Anaheim, U.S.
 * Thea Paragon Award: The Wizarding World of Harry Potter - Diagon Alley at Universal Studios Florida, Orlando, U.S.
 * Attraction: Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts, Universal Studios Florida, Orlando, U.S.
 * Technical Excellence: Interactive Wands at The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, Universal Studios Florida, Orlando, U.S.
 * New Theme Park Land: Graatassland ("The Land of the Little Grey Tractor") at Kongeparken, Ålgård, Norway
 * Live Show on a Limited Budget: The Grand Hall Experience at Union Station, St. Louis, U.S.
 * Interactive Park Attraction on a Limited Budget: Wilderness Explorers at Disney's Animal Kingdom, Walt Disney World, Orlando, U.S.
 * Museum Exhibit on a Limited Budget: Nature Lab, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, U.S.
 * Event Spectacular: Wings of Time at Sentosa Island, Singapore
 * Corporate Brand-Land: The StoryGarden at The Amorepacific Beauty Campus, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
 * Themed Restaurant: Bistrot Chez Remy at Walt Disney Studios Park, Disneyland Paris, France
 * Theme Park: Chimelong Ocean Kingdom, Hengqin, Zhuhai, China
 * Extraordinary Cultural Achievement: National September 11 Memorial Museum, New York City, U.S.
 * Museum: Wonderkamers at Gemeentemuseum Den Haag, The Hague, Netherlands
 * Attraction: The Time Machine at Parc du Futuroscope, Poiters, France
 * TEA Distinguished Service Honoree: Pat MacKay

20th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2014, Theas were awarded to the following:

 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): Garner Holt
 * Thea Classic Award: The Enchanted Tiki Room at Disneyland, Anaheim, U.S.
 * Breakthrough Technology: Revolution Tru-Trackless Ride System by Oceaneering Entertainment Systems
 * Botanical Garden: Gardens by the Bay, Singapore
 * Event Spectacular: Michael Jackson: One at Mandalay Bay Hotel, Las Vegas, U.S.
 * Participatory Character Greeting: Enchanted Tales with Belle at Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom, Orlando, U.S.
 * Science Museum: The Mind Museum, Taguig City, Philippines
 * Unique Art Installation: Marine Worlds Carousel at Les Machines de l'ïle, Nantes, France
 * Attraction Revitalization: Polynesian Cultural Center, Oahu, Hawaii
 * 4D Simulator on a Limited Budget: De Vuurproef, Het Spoorwegmuseum, Utrecht, Netherlands
 * Attraction: Mystic Manor at Hong Kong Disneyland, Hong Kong
 * Visitor Center: Titanic Belfast, Northern Ireland
 * Live Show on a Limited Budget: The Song of an Angel at Universal Studios Japan, Osaka, Japan
 * TEA Distinguished Service Honoree: Karen McGee

19th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2013, Theas were awarded to the following:

 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): Frank Stanek
 * Thea Classic Award: Europa-Park, Rust, Germany
 * Event Spectacular: The Big-O show at Yeosu 2012 International Expo, South Korea
 * Attraction: Radiator Springs Racers at Disney California Adventure, Anaheim, U.S.
 * Attraction: Transformers: The Ride 3D at Universal Studios Singapore and Universal Studios Hollywood
 * New Theme Park Land: Cars Land at Disney California Adventure, Anaheim, U.S.
 * Museum: Canada's Sports Hall of Fame, Calgary, Canada
 * Event Spectacular: Aquanura at Efteling Park, Kaatsheuvel, Netherlands
 * Breakthrough Technology: Tait Pixel Tablets
 * Studio Tour: Warner Bros. Studio Tour London: The Making of Harry Potter, Leavesden, England
 * Themed Resort Hotel: Aulani, a Disney Resort and Spa, Ko Olina Resort, Oahu, Hawaii
 * Themed Restaurant: Carthay Circle Restaurant and Lounge at Disney California Adventure, Anaheim, U.S.
 * TEA Distinguished Service Honoree: Judith Rubin

18th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2012, Theas were awarded to the following:

 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (formerly the Lifetime Achievement Award): Joe Rohde, Walt Disney Imagineering
 * Thea Classic Award: Puy du Fou: Le Grand Parc and Cinéscénie, Vendée, France
 * Attraction: Space Fantasy: The Ride at Universal Studios Japan, Osaka, Japan
 * Attraction on a Limited Budget: Barnas Brannstasjon (Children's Fire Station) at Kongeparken, Ålgård, Norway
 * Attraction: Arthur l'Aventure 4D at Futuroscope, Poitiers, France
 * Attraction Refresh: Star Tours: The Adventures Continue at Disneyland and Disney's Hollywood Studios at Walt Disney World, U.S.
 * Museum Exhibit: NatureQuest at Fernbank Museum of Natural History, Atlanta, U.S.
 * Museum Exhibit: YOU! The Experience at Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago, U.S.
 * Science Center Attraction on a Limited Budget: The Changing Climate Show at Science North, Greater Sudbury, Canada
 * Cultural Heritage Attraction on a Limited Budget: Ghost of the Castle at Louisiana's Old State Capitol, Baton Rouge, U.S.
 * Show Spectacular: Crane Dance at Resorts World Sentosa, Singapore
 * Show Spectacular: The Magic, The Memories and You at Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom, U.S.
 * Live Show Event Spectacular: Yo México, Celebration of the Century of the Mexican Revolution, Mexico City, Mexico
 * Live Show Spectacular: The House of Dancing Water at City of Dreams, Macau
 * Themed Restaurant Experience: FoodLoop at Europa-Park, Rust, Germany
 * Ingenious Use of Technology: Animation Magic in the Animator's Palate Restaurant aboard Disney Cruise Line's ship Disney Fantasy

17th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2011, Theas were awarded to the following:

 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (formerly the Lifetime Achievement Award): Kim Irvine, Art Director, Disneyland
 * Thea Classic Award: The Exploratorium, San Francisco, U.S.
 * Expo Pavilion Exhibit: Along the River During the Qingming Festival, China Pavilion, Shanghai Expo 2010, China
 * Museum: The National Infantry Museum, Columbus, Georgia, U.S.
 * Museum: The Walt Disney Family Museum, San Francisco, U.S.
 * Museum/Science Center Exhibit: Science Storms, Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago, U.S.
 * Museum Attraction: Beyond All Boundaries, Solomon Victory Theater, National World War II Museum, New Orleans, U.S.
 * Museum: Glasnevin Museum, Dublin, Ireland
 * Nighttime Spectacular: World of Color, Disney California Adventure, Anaheim, U.S.
 * Integration of Technology and Storytelling: ICT Mobile Device, Information and Communications Pavilion, Shanghai Expo 2010, China
 * Promotional Event: "Flynn Lives", San Diego Comic-Con 2010, San Diego, U.S.
 * New Theme Park Land: The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, Universal Orlando Resort, Orlando, U.S.
 * Thematic Integration of Retail, Food & Beverage Experiences: The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, Universal Orlando Resort, Orlando, U.S.
 * Feature Attraction: Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey, Universal Orlando Resort, Orlando, U.S.
 * Technical Achievement: Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey, Universal Orlando Resort, Orlando, U.S.

16th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2010, Theas were awarded to the following:

 * Lifetime Achievement Award: Mark Fuller, WET Design
 * Thea Classic Award: Coal Mine, Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago, U.S.
 * Attraction: Toy Story Midway Mania, Disney's California Adventure and Hollywood Studios at Walt Disney World
 * Attraction: The Dragon's Treasure, City of Dreams, Macau
 * Attraction Rehab: Disaster!, Universal Studios Florida, Orlando, U.S.
 * Museum: The Museum at Bethel Woods, New York, U.S.
 * Museum: Please Touch Museum, Philadelphia, U.S.
 * Traveling Exhibition: America I Am: The African American Imprint
 * Science Center Exhibit: Skyscraper! Achievement & Impact, Liberty Science Center, Liberty State Park, Jersey City, U.S.
 * Zoo Attraction on a Limited Budget: McNeil Avian Center, Philadelphia Zoo, U.S.
 * Live Show: Tea Show at Overseas Chinese Town East Resort, Shenzhen, China
 * Brand Experience: Heineken Experience, Amsterdam, Netherlands

15th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2009, Theas were awarded to the following:

 * Lifetime Achievement Award: Robert L. Ward
 * Thea Classic Award: Epcot
 * Museum: National Museum of the Marine Corps
 * Museum: Newseum
 * Museum Exhibit: Operation Spy at the International Spy Museum
 * Museum Exhibit, Limited Budget: Force of Nature at Arizona Science Center
 * Learning Experience: Air Force One Discovery Center at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
 * Science Center Audubon Insectarium
 * Live Show: Finding Nemo - The Musical
 * Live Show: The Legend of Mythica at Tokyo DisneySea
 * Event Spectacular: 2008 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony
 * Casino Attraction: Wynn Macau's Tree of Prosperity
 * Technical: Muppet Mobile Lab at Hong Kong Disneyland
 * New Theme Park Land: Jungala at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay
 * Attraction, Limited Budget: Bewilderwood
 * Attraction, Limited Budget: The Forgotten Mine at Park Molenheide in Houthalen-Helchteren, Belgium
 * Attraction: The Simpsons Ride at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood

14th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2008, Thea Awards for Outstanding Achievement were awarded to the following:

 * Lifetime Achievement Award: Jack Rouse
 * Attraction: Shuttle Launch Experience, Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex
 * Attraction, Limited Budget: Awakening of the Temple, Aztec On The River
 * Attraction Rehab: Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage, Disneyland
 * Themed Training Experience: Battle Stations 21, U.S. Navy
 * Interactive Adventure: Kim Possible World Showcase Adventure, Walt Disney World
 * Technical Achievement: Kà by Cirque du Soleil
 * Science Center, Limited Budget: Cosmos at the Castle, Blackrock Castle Observatory
 * Exhibit, Limited Budget: Cleveland Avenue Time Machine, Troy University's Rosa Parks Library and Museum
 * Traveling Exhibit, Limited Budget: CSI: The Experience
 * Exhibit: Noah's Ark at the Skirball, Los Angeles
 * Museum: Discovering the Real George Washington, Mount Vernon
 * Heritage Center: Chain of Generations Center, Jerusalem
 * Event Spectacular: Songs of the Sea, Sentosa
 * Traveling Exhibit, Limited Budget: Walking with Dinosaurs: The Live Experience
 * Event Spectacular: Peter Pan's Neverland, Universal Studios Japan
 * Thea Classic Award: SeaWorld San Diego

13th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2007, Theas were awarded to the following:

 * Lifetime Achievement Award: Bob Rogers
 * Thea Classic Award: Madame Tussauds London
 * Museum Touring Attraction: Ashes and Snow
 * Live Show: Believe at SeaWorld
 * Brand Retail Experience: Boudin at the Wharf
 * Attraction: Expedition Everest
 * Aquarium: The Georgia Aquarium
 * Simulated Experience: The Great Glass Elevator at Alton Towers
 * Children's Museum: Kidspace Children's Museum
 * Live Event: "Move, Live" - Toyota Pavilion at Expo 2005
 * Aquarium Exhibit/Limited Budget: The Real-Cost Cafe at Monterey Bay Aquarium
 * Museum Touring Exhibition: Robots: The Interactive Exhibition
 * Attraction: Ski Dubai
 * Museum Exhibit: U-505 Submarine Exhibit at Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry
 * Zoo Exhibit: Zoomazium at Woodland Park Zoo

12th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2006, Theas were awarded to the following:

 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): Yves Pépin
 * Thea Classic: Disneyland
 * Awards for Outstanding Achievement
 * Olympic Spirit Toronto, Canada
 * Images of Singapore at Sentosa Island
 * 2004 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony, Athens
 * Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum
 * The Churchill Lifeline Table, London, United Kingdom
 * Remember... Dreams Come True, Disneyland
 * Fear Factor Live, Universal Studios Hollywood
 * Curse of DarKastle
 * Dodge Wild Earth at the Philadelphia Zoo (Limited Budget)
 * Ice Age Adventure, Movie Park Germany (Limited Budget)
 * MagiQuest Technology (Technology)

11th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2005, Theas were awarded to the following:

 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): Barry Upson
 * Thea Classic: Efteling, Kaatsheuvel, The Netherlands
 * Awards for Outstanding Achievement
 * Revenge of the Mummy, Universal Studios Florida
 * The Challenge of Tutankhamon, Walibi, Wavre, Belgium
 * Mission: SPACE, Epcot
 * Disney's Aladdin: A Musical Spectacular, Disney's California Adventure, Anaheim
 * Freedom Rising, National Constitution Center, Philadelphia
 * International Spy Museum, Washington DC
 * The Ford Rouge Factory Tour, Dearborn, Michigan
 * uShaka Marine World, Durban, South Africa
 * Jurassic Park Institute Tour, Japan
 * Greenfield Village, The Henry Ford, Dearborn, Michigan
 * The Imagination Workshop, Temecula, CA (Limited Budget)
 * Action! An Adventure in Moviemaking, Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago (Limited Budget)
 * Health Royale, The Avampato Discovery Center, West Virginia (Limited Budget)
 * Lucky the Dinosaur, Walt Disney Imagineering Research & Development (Technology)

10th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2003 (awards moved from fall to spring, skipping 2004), Theas were awarded to the following:

 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): George Millay
 * Thea Classic: Knott's Scary Farm Halloween Haunt at Knott's Berry Farm, Buena Park, California
 * Awards for Outstanding Achievement
 * CinéMagique, Walt Disney Studios Park
 * Templo del Fuego, PortAventura World, Spain
 * Tomb Raider: The Ride, Paramount's Kings Island, Mason, Ohio
 * Haunted Mansion Holiday, Disneyland
 * 2002 Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony, Salt Lake City
 * Cerritos Library, Cerritos, California
 * Luz y Voces del Tajin, Mexico
 * The Grove, Los Angeles
 * Die Glaserne Manufaktur, Dresden, Germany
 * The Guinness Storehouse, Dublin, Ireland
 * Legoland Parks (Special Achievement)
 * Stitch's Photo Phone, Walt Disney Imagineering (Technology)
 * The Great Barn, Stone Mountain, Georgia (Limited Budget)

9th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2002, Theas were awarded to the following:

 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): Jon Jerde
 * Thea Classic: Universal Studio Hollywood's Studio Tour
 * Awards for Outstanding Achievement
 * The Sherman Brothers (Special Achievement)
 * Les Mysteres de la Mer, France
 * The London Eye, United Kingdom
 * Animal Celebration, Universal Studios Japan
 * Disney Animation Building, Disney's California Adventure
 * Soarin' Over California, Disney's California Adventure
 * FDNY Fire Zone, New York (Limited Budget)
 * Star of Destiny Theater, Bullock Texas State History Museum
 * Ireland at Busch Gardens Williamsburg, Virginia
 * Disney's Animal Kingdom Lodge, Orlando, Florida
 * Tokyo DisneySea & Entertainment Program
 * Chicano Now: American Expressions
 * Schlitterbahn Beach Waterpark, Texas
 * Texas Wild!, Fort Worth Zoo, Texas
 * Media Pro 4000 (Technology)

8th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2001, Theas were awarded to the following:

 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): Tony Baxter
 * Thea Classic: Silver Dollar City
 * Awards for Outstanding Achievement
 * Millennium Village Event
 * Pirates of the Caribbean: Battle of the Buccaneer Gold at DisneyQuest
 * 2000 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony, Sydney
 * The Great Platte River Road Archway Monument
 * Nickelodeon Flying Super Saturator, Carowinds
 * Men in Black: Alien Attack, Universal Studios Florida
 * Discovery Cove
 * Lights of Liberty Show
 * HollandRama, Holland
 * Kid's City/La Ciudad de los Ninos
 * Desert Passage
 * Volkswagen Autostadt, Germany
 * Exploration in the New Millenium (Limited Budget)
 * L'Oxygenarium, France (Limited Budget)
 * Stealth – World's First Flying Coaster (Innovation)
 * Disney's FASTPASS (Innovation)

7th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2000, Theas were awarded to the following:

 * Thea Classic: Tivoli Gardens
 * Awards for Outstanding Achievement
 * Islands of Adventure
 * The Stone Forest
 * The Palmach Museum, Israel
 * "The Year 2000 Starting Signal" Millennium Pyro Ballet
 * Richmond Sound Design Ltd.'s AudioBox (Technology)
 * James Cameron's Titanic: The Experience at Fox Studios Australia Backlot
 * COSI Columbus
 * FiestAventura at PortAventura, Spain
 * Test Track at Epcot
 * Gold's Gym presents HEROES – Health, Fitness and Beyond
 * Animator's Palate, Disney Cruise Line
 * Atlantis, Paradise Island
 * The Amazing Adventures of Spider-Man at Universal's Islands of Adventure
 * Trial by Fire (Limited Budget)

6th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 1999, Theas were awarded to the following:
 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): Bob Gurr
 * Thea Classic: The Haunted Mansion, Disneyland
 * Awards for Outstanding Achievement
 * It's Tough to Be a Bug!, Disney's Animal Kingdom
 * Journey to Atlantis, SeaWorld Orlando
 * Disney's Animal Kingdom
 * DisneyQuest, Orlando
 * American Girl Place, Chicago
 * Acquamatrix Show at the Lisbon World Expo '98
 * Café Odyssey, Mall of America
 * "O", Cirque du Soleil, Las Vegas
 * Viejas Outlet Center & Legend of Nightfire Fountain Show
 * DVP Server Pro (Technical)
 * Titanic Official Movie Tour
 * Robot Zoo, Toronto, Canada
 * M&M's Academy, Las Vegas (Limited Budget)
 * Hotel Gasten, Liseberg, Sweden (Limited Budget)

5th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 1998, Theas were awarded to the following:
 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): John Hench
 * Thea Classic: Calico Mountain, Knotts Berry Farm
 * Awards for Outstanding Achievement
 * Ripley's Aquarium, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
 * Star Trek: The Experience, Las Vegas
 * Space Quest Casino, Las Vegas
 * New York-New York Hotel and Casino, Las Vegas
 * The Power of Houston
 * Coney Island Emporium in the New York-New York Hotel
 * Masquerade Show in the Sky, Rio Hotel and Casino, Las Vegas
 * Royal Armouries Museum, Leeds, United Kingdom
 * Adventure Slots (Limited Budget)
 * Encounter at LAX, Los Angeles International Airport (Limited Budget)
 * UFO Encounters (Limited Budget)

4th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 1997, Theas were awarded to the following:
 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): Don Iwerks
 * Thea Classic: Pirates of the Caribbean, Disneyland
 * Awards for Outstanding Achievement
 * Terminator 2: 3D Battle Across Time, Universal Studios Florida
 * Villa Volta, Efteling, Holland
 * Daytona USA, Daytona International Speedway, Florida
 * Apollo/Saturn V Center, Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, Florida
 * Warner Bros. Studio Store Expansion, NYC
 * Niketown New York, NYC
 * Caesars Magical Empire, Caesars Palace, Las Vegas
 * The Intergalactic Circus Spectacular, Lotte World, Seoul, Korea
 * Rock'n Robin, Cinema World, Kamakura City, Japan (Limited Budget)
 * Dark Castle, Fantasy Pointe, Nasu Highlands, Japan (Limited Budget)

3rd Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 1996, Theas were awarded to the following:
 * Outstanding Individual Achievement: Monty Lunde
 * Thea Classic: Pirates of the Caribbean, Disneyland
 * Awards for Outstanding Achievement
 * Ocean Base Atlantic, New Jersey State Aquarium
 * Wild Arctic, SeaWorld Orlando
 * Waterworld: A Live Sea War Spectacular, Universal Studios Hollywood
 * Fremont Street Experience, Las Vegas
 * Rainforest Cafe at Woodfield Mall, Schaumburg, Illinois
 * Honey, I Shrunk the Audience, Epcot
 * Indiana Jones Adventure, Disneyland
 * Mystery Lodge, Knott's Berry Farm
 * Space Mountain: From the Earth to the Moon, Disneyland Paris

2nd Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 1995, Theas were awarded to the following:
 * The Buzz Price Thea Award (recognizing a lifetime of distinguished achievements): Marty Sklar

1st Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 1994, Theas were awarded to the following:
 * Lifetime Achievement Award: Harrison "Buzz" Price

title: Themed Entertainment Association


text: User:Trifola

title: User:Trifola


text:
Raye Hollitt

Raye Hollitt (born April 17, 1964) is an American actress and bodybuilder, also known by her stage name Zap, one of the original cast members of American Gladiators.

Biography
Hollitt graduated from Lake-Lehman High School in 1982, then worked as a paralegal for seven years.

She appeared in Season 1 of American Gladiators in 1989, taking off the second season (1990–91) for maternity leave, before returning for Season 3 and continuing on the show through 1995. She reappeared for an alumni show in the final season (1995–96).

Before she found fame as Zap, Hollitt was a contestant on the game show Card Sharks, and featured in Blake Edwards's 1989 comedy, Skin Deep. Raye also did the pilot for JAG (Judge Advocate General) where she played a pilot, Cassie. Raye also appeared on Baywatch, Blossom, and several other TV shows.

Personal life
She and her husband, Kenn, now reside in South Lake Tahoe.

Contest history

 * 1987 NPC Extravaganza - 2nd (HW)
 * 1988 NPC Junior USA Championship - 5th (HW)
 * 1988 NPC Los Angeles Championship 1st (HW & overall)
 * 1992 NPC California Championship - 2nd (HW)
 * 1992 NPC Nationals - 6th (HW)

Magazine covers

 * Women's Physique World, July 1988
 * Musclemag International, October 1991
 * Muscle Training Illustrated, May 1992
 * Musclemag International, December 1992
 * Musclemag International, January 1993
 * Muscular Development, February 1993
 * Muscular Development, February 1994
 * Women's Physique World, May/June 1995

Television work

 * Family Feud (1993/1994). Episode - ”American Gladiators”
 * Baywatch (1992). Episode - ”Point Doom”
 * JAG (1995). Episodes - ”Pilot: Part 1”; ”Pilot: Part 2”
 * Muppets Tonight (1997). Episode - ”The Gary Cahuenga Episode”

title: Raye Hollitt


text:
Ambient space (mathematics)

In mathematics, especially in geometry and topology, an ambient space is the space surrounding a mathematical object along with the object itself. For example, a 1-dimensional line $$(l)$$ may be studied in isolation —in which case the ambient space of $$l$$ is $$l$$, or it may be studied as an object embedded in 2-dimensional Euclidean space $$(\mathbb{R}^2)$$—in which case the ambient space of $$l$$ is $$\mathbb{R}^2$$, or as an object embedded in 2-dimensional hyperbolic space $$(\mathbb{H}^2)$$—in which case the ambient space of $$l$$ is $$\mathbb{H}^2$$. To see why this makes a difference, consider the statement "Parallel lines never intersect." This is true if the ambient space is $$\mathbb{R}^2$$, but false if the ambient space is $$\mathbb{H}^2$$, because the geometric properties of $$\mathbb{R}^2$$ are different from the geometric properties of $$\mathbb{H}^2$$. All spaces are subsets of their ambient space.

title: Ambient space (mathematics)


text:
Antonia Terzi

Antonia Terzi (29 April 1971 – 26 October 2021) was an Italian aerodynamicist who worked for the Ferrari and Williams Formula One teams.

Education
Terzi held a Master's degree in Materials Engineering from University of Modena and Reggio Emilia in Italy and a PhD in engineering, focused on aerodynamics, from University of Exeter in the United Kingdom.

Career
Born in Mirandola, Terzi worked in the design department at Ferrari under Rory Byrne until 2001 when she was recruited by Williams to become the team's chief aerodynamicist.

The 2004 Williams FW26 featured a controversial 'Walrus nose' which did not work, it was replaced mid-season by a conventional design. Terzi left Williams in November 2004.

She was later employed as an assistant professor by The Delft University of Technology, working together with Professor Wubbo Ockels at the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering. She was the chief vehicle designer of the TU Delft Superbus.

From 2014 until 2019, she was the head of the aerodynamics team at Bentley Motors Ltd.

In 2020, she was appointed Full Professor at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia.

Death
Terzi died in a car accident in the UK on 26 October 2021. The exact location and the details of the crash have not been disclosed.

title: Antonia Terzi


text: User talk:63.236.240.138

title: User talk:63.236.240.138


text:
User:AlexE

Just another user ...

title: User:AlexE


text:
Soyuz TMA-8

Soyuz TMA-8 was a Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched by a Soyuz FG launch vehicle.

Crew
Soyuz TMA-8 was a transport mission for portions of the International Space Station (ISS) Expedition 13 crew. The flight delivered ISS Commander Pavel Vinogradov and ISS Flight Engineer Jeffrey Williams to the station to replace Expedition 12 crew members. Flight Engineer Marcos Pontes joined the TMA-8 crew for the ascent and docking with ISS, spent approximately seven days aboard the ISS conducting experiments as part of the Missão Centenário, then returned to Earth with the outgoing members of Expedition 12 aboard Soyuz TMA-7. Vinogradov and Williams were joined on their return trip to Earth by Spaceflight Participant Anousheh Ansari who launched aboard Soyuz TMA-9 and spent approximately eight days aboard ISS conducting experiments for the European Space Agency.

Docking with ISS

 * Docked to ISS: April 1, 2006, 04:19 UTC (to nadir port of Zarya)
 * Undocked from ISS: September 28, 2006, 21:53 UTC (from nadir port of Zarya)

Mission highlights
29th crewed flight to ISS (Flight 12S)

Soyuz TMA-8 is a Soyuz spacecraft which was launched on March 30, 2006 by a Soyuz-FG rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Near the end of second stage burn, a communications blackout occurred at Moscow Mission Control. A satellite link was lost, but was restored about 10 minutes later. The crew was safe throughout the loss of communications.

The spacecraft carried two members of the Expedition 13 crew to the International Space Station, together with Marcos Pontes, the first Brazilian in space. The Brazilian government paid Russia approximately $20 million (USD) for Pontes' flight. They replaced the Expedition 12 crew, Commander William McArthur and Valery Ivanovich Tokarev. Together with the Expedition 12 crew, Marcos Pontes returned to Earth on board Soyuz TMA-7.

Soyuz TMA-8 returned to Earth, together with Expedition 13, the spaceflight participant launched with Soyuz TMA-9, Anousheh Ansari.

title: Soyuz TMA-8


text:
User:Webwarrior

Hi there!

title: User:Webwarrior


text:
Le Car

Le Car may refer to:

 * Renault Le Car, the name used to market the Renault 5 automobile in the United States
 * Le Car, an electric car model from LeEco
 * Le Car (band), an American electronic musical group
 * Maud Le Car (born 1992) model and surfer

title: Le Car


text: User talk:81.20.2.45

title: User talk:81.20.2.45


text: User talk:209.80.140.4

title: User talk:209.80.140.4


text: Category:Lost submarines of the United States


text:
Alfred Herrhausen

Alfred Herrhausen (30 January 1930 – 30 November 1989) was a German banker and the Chairman of Deutsche Bank, who was born in Essen and assassinated in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe in 1989. He was a member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group and from 1971 onwards a member of Deutsche Bank's management board. An advisor to Helmut Kohl and a proponent of a unified European economy, he was also an influential figure in shaping the policies towards developing countries. He was assassinated, probably by the West German far-left terrorist group Red Army Faction, when an explosively formed projectile penetrated his armoured convoy.

Assassination
Herrhausen was killed by a sophisticated roadside bomb shortly after leaving his home in Bad Homburg on 30 November 1989. He was being chauffeured to work in his armoured Mercedes-Benz car, with bodyguards in both a lead vehicle and another following behind. The 7 kg bomb was hidden in a bag on a bicycle parked next to the road that the assassins knew Herrhausen would be traveling in his convoy. The bicycle had been consistently parked sans explosive in the same location along Herrhausen's route for an extended period of time before the assassination, and it was therefore ignored by Herrhausen's security. The bomb was detonated when Herrhausen's car interrupted a beam of infrared light as it passed the bicycle. The bomb targeted the most vulnerable area of Herrhausen's car – the door where he was sitting – and required split-second timing to overcome the car's special armour plating. The bomb utilized a Misnay–Schardin mechanism. A copper plate, placed between the explosive and the target, was deformed and projected by the force of the explosion. The detonation resulted in a mass of copper being projected toward the car at a speed of nearly two kilometres per second, efficiently penetrating the armoured Mercedes. Herrhausen's legs were severed and he bled to death.

The Red Army Faction claimed responsibility for the assassination.

Aftermath
No one has ever been charged with the murder. For a long time, the German federal prosecutor's office listed Andrea Klump and Christoph Seidler of the Red Army Faction as the only suspects. The Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany) presented a chief witness, Siegfried Nonne, who later retracted his statements in which he claimed to have sheltered four terrorists in his home. His half-brother Hugo Föller furthermore declared that no other persons had been at the flat at the time. On 1 July 1992 German television broadcast Nonne's explanations of how he was coached and threatened by the Verfassungsschutz, the German internal intelligence agency, to become the main witness. In the same year, the Alfred Herrhausen Society was established to honour his memory. In 2004 the federal prosecutor dropped the charges against the Red Army Faction; the investigation was to continue without naming a suspect. Certain German and US media connected the assassination of Alfred Herrhausen to the Staatssicherheitsdienst (Stasi) of the GDR. Some reports in the 21st century have claimed that future Russian president Vladimir Putin, then a KGB agent in Dresden, East Germany, was the handler of the Red Army Faction members involved in the assassination. However, a 2023 investigation by Der Spiegel reported that the anonymous source behind those reports had never been an RAF member and was "considered a notorious fabulist" with "several previous convictions, including for making false statements."

In 2008, journalist Carolin Emcke published Stumme Gewalt (Mute Force), a memorial to Herrhausen, her godfather, encouraging dialogues between groups in societies, dialogues without violence, revenge and disrespect. She received the Theodor Wolff Prize for the text.

In popular culture

 * The 2001 German documentary film Black Box BRD retells the lives and deaths of Herrhausen and Wolfgang Grams, a RAF member who was a major suspect in the attack on Herrhausen.
 * The assassination is depicted in Deutschland 89 episode 4.

title: Alfred Herrhausen


text:
Genetic use restriction technology

Genetic use restriction technology (GURT), also known as terminator technology or suicide seeds, is designed to restrict access to "genetic materials and their associated phenotypic traits." The technology works by activating (or deactivating) specific genes using a controlled stimulus in order to cause second generation seeds to be either infertile or to not have one or more of the desired traits of the first generation plant. GURTs can be used by agricultural firms to enhance protection of their innovations in genetically modified organisms by making it impossible for farmers to reproduce the desired traits on their own. Another possible use is to prevent the escape of genes from genetically modified organisms into the surrounding environment.

The technology was originally developed under a cooperative research and development agreement between the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture and Delta & Pine Land Company in the 1990s. The purpose of the development was to protect the intellectual property of biotechnology firms that the United States Department of Agriculture viewed as being a specifically American technological competence. The technology, while still being developed, is not yet commercially available due to the political and scientific controversies that accompanied its development.

GURT was first reported on by the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA) to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity and discussed during the 8th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity in Curitiba, Brazil, March 20–31, 2006.

Process
The GURT process is typically composed of four genetic components: a target gene, a promoter, a trait switch, and a genetic switch, sometimes with slightly different names given in different papers. A typical GURT involves the engineering of a plant that has a target gene in its DNA that expresses when activated by a promoter gene. However, it is separated from the target gene by a blocker sequence that prevents the promoter from accessing the target. When the plant receives a given external input, a genetic switch in the plant takes the input, amplifies it, and converts it into a biological signal. When a trait switch receives the amplified signal, it creates an enzyme that cuts the blocker sequence out. With the blocker sequence eliminated, the promoter gene allows the target gene to express itself in the plant.

In other versions of the process, an operator must bind to the trait switch in order for it to make the enzymes that cut out the blocker sequence. However, there are repressors that bind to the trait switch and prevent it from doing so. In this case, when the external input is applied, the repressors bond to the input instead of to the trait switch, allowing the enzymes to be created that cut the blocker sequence, thereby allowing the trait to be expressed.

Other GURTs embody alternative approaches, such as letting the genetic switch directly affect the blocker sequence and bypass the need for a trait switch.

Variants
There are two broad categories of GURTs: Variety-specific genetic use restriction technologies (V-GURTs) and Trait specific genetic use restriction technologies (T-GURTs). The two variants have been described as follows :"V-GURTs are designed to restrict the use of all genetic materials contained in an entire plant variety. Prior to being sold to growers, the seeds of V-GURTs are activated by the seed company. The seeds can germinate, and the plants grow and reproduce normally, but their offspring will be sterile... . Thus, farmers could not save seed from year-to-year to replant. In contrast, T-GURTs only restrict the use of particular traits conferred by a transgene, but seeds are fertile. Growers could replant seed from the previous harvest, but they would not contain the transgenic trait."

Variety specific GURTs or V-GURTs
Variety-specific genetic use restriction technologies destroy seed development and plant fertility by means of a "genetic process triggered by a chemical inducer that will allow the plant to grow and to form seeds, but will cause the embryo of each of those seeds to produce a cell toxin that will prevent its germination if replanted, thus causing second generation seeds to be sterile... ." The toxin degrades the DNA or RNA of the plant. Thus, the seed from the crop is not viable and cannot not be used as seeds to produce subsequent crops, but only for sale as food or fodder.

Trait specific GURTs or T-GURTs
Trait specific genetic use restriction technologies modify a crop in such a way that the genetic enhancement engineered into the crop does not function until the plant is treated with a specific chemical. The chemical acts as the external input, activating the target gene. One difference in T-GURTs is the possibility that the gene could be toggled on and off with different chemical inputs, resulting in the same toggling on or off an associated trait. With T-GURTs, seeds could possibly be saved for planting with a condition that the new plants do not get any enhanced traits unless the external input is added.

Benefits and risks
GURTs have a number of potential uses, though they have not yet been used in commercial agricultural products available on the market or in pharmaceutical applications. These uses include protection of intellectual property for biotechnological innovations, and bio-confinement (preventing escape of genetically engineered genes into nature).

Intellectual property protection
The original aim of the developers of GURTs was the protection of intellectual property in agricultural biotechnology. That is, the developers sought to prevent farmers from reusing patented seeds in cases where patents for biological innovations did not exist or could not be easily enforced. This problem is not generally posed for farmers using hybrid seeds (which, in any case, are not fertile or do not breed true) and, thus, could not be used to grow subsequent crops. However, the V-GURTS make it impossible for farmers to use seeds they have produced to grow crops in subsequent seasons because the entire genome of the targeted cells is destroyed. The T-GURTs could be used by seed companies to allow for the commercialisation of seeds that are fertile, but that develop into plants with desired traits only when sprayed with an activator chemical sold by the company.

Bio-confinement
An ongoing fear raised by GURTs and other biotechnologies is that the genes of genetically modified plants might escape into nature via sexual reproduction with compatible wild plants or with other cultivated plants. This is known as 'transgene escape' and is among the highest priority risks posed by genetic engineering of plants. This risk of escape is one of the reasons that the GURT process has not yet been used in commercial applications (indeed, the main producing companies have vowed to not commercialise these products, though they still have related research programs). Ironically, in a way, GURTs, themselves a process for the genetic modification of plants, may also be used to secure the 'bio-confinement' of the transgenes of genetically modified plants. GURTs, because they control plant fertility in various ways, could be used to prevent the escape of transgenes into wild relatives and help reduce risks of deleterious impacts on biodiversity. For bio-confinement, both "V- and T GURTs could be targeted to reproductive tissues, most typically pollen and seed (or embryo)." Crops modified to produce non-food products (eg. in pharmacology, therapeutic proteins, monoclonal antibodies and vaccines) could be armed with GURTs to prevent accidental transmission of these traits into crops meant for foods.

Other uses
Another possible advantage is that non-viable seeds produced on V-GURT plants may reduce the propagation of volunteer plants. Volunteer plants can become an economic problem for larger-scale mechanized farming systems that incorporate crop rotation. Furthermore, under warm, wet harvest conditions non V-GURT grain can sprout, lowering the quality of grain produced. It is likely that this problem would not occur with the use of V-GURT grain varieties.

Another proposed use is in synthetic biology, where a restricted activator chemical must be added to the fermentation medium to produce a desired output chemical.

Controversy
As of 2006, GURT seeds have not been commercialized anywhere in the world due to opposition from farmers, consumers, indigenous peoples, NGOs, and some governments. Using the technology, companies that manufacture genetic use restriction technologies could potentially acquire an advantageous position vis-a-vis farmers because the seeds sold could not be resown. V-GURTs would not have an immediate impact on the many farmers who use hybrid seeds, as they do not produce their own planting seeds, buying instead specialized hybrid seeds from seed production companies. However, approximately 80 percent of farmers in Brazil and Pakistan grow crops using seeds saved from previous harvests. Another concern is that farmers purchasing the seeds would be greatly impacted, given they would have to buy new seeds every year. It has been argued that this would result in higher prices in food.

Some analysts have expressed concerns that GURT seeds might adversely impact biodiversity and threaten native species of plants. However, proponents of the technology dispute these claims, arguing that because non-GMO hybrid plants are used in the same way and GURT seeds could help farmers deal with cross pollination, the benefits outweigh the potential negatives.

In 2000, the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity recommended a de facto moratorium on field-testing and commercial sale of terminator seeds; the moratorium was re-affirmed and the language strengthened in March 2006, at the COP8 meeting of the UNCBD. Specifically, the moratorium recommended that, due to a lack of research on the technology's potential risks, no field testing of GURTs nor products using them should be allowed until there was a sufficiently justified reason to do so. India and Brazil have passed national laws to prohibit the technology.

title: Genetic use restriction technology


text:
Macintosh (disambiguation)

Macintosh (renamed Mac in 1999) is a family of personal computers designed by Apple Inc.

Macintosh may also refer to:

Macintosh computers

 * Macintosh 128K, the first computer produced under the Macintosh line, originally known as Apple Macintosh
 * History of the Macintosh, from 1984 to 1997, before its rebrand to "Mac"
 * List of Mac models, a comprehensive list of all Macintosh models produced by Apple Inc.
 * Compact Macintosh, line of all-in-one Macintosh computers produced from 1984 to 1995
 * Macintosh II family, line of high-end Macintosh computers produced from 1987 to 1993
 * Macintosh LC family, line of entry-level Macintosh computers produced from 1990 to 1997
 * Macintosh Quadra, line of high-end Macintosh computers produced from 1991 to 1995
 * PowerBook, line of Macintosh laptop computers produced from 1991 to 2006
 * Power Macintosh, line of high-end Macintosh computers produced from 1994 to 2006
 * Mac operating systems, operating systems developed for Macintosh computers
 * Classic Mac OS, the operating system used on Macintosh computers from 1984 to 2001
 * macOS, the NeXTSTEP-based operating system used on Macintosh computers since 2001
 * "macintosh", an IANA registered character set name, referring to Mac OS Roman

Other uses

 * MacIntosh Forts, seven observation posts built in Hong Kong on the border with China between 1949 and 1953
 * McIntosh (Malus domestica), an apple cultivar that is the national apple of Canada and the namesake of the Macintosh computer
 * Macintosh or MacIntosh, an alternate spelling of McIntosh (surname)

title: Macintosh (disambiguation)