text:
Government Medical College, Kottayam

Government Medical College, Kottayam is a government medical college in Kerala, India. The campus is about 8 km north of Kottayam in Gandhinagar-Arpookkara area in Central Kerala.

History
The college started functioning in December 1962 as the third government-run medical college in Kerala. The college which initially functioned in the District Hospital, Kottayam from 1962 to 1970 was shifted to Arpookara in April 1970.

In 1975, all clinical departments were shifted to the newly constructed campus at Arpookara, now named Gandhinagar. The same year, the nearby ESI Hospital was taken over to start the children's hospital: Institute of Child Health. A new administrative B block was started in 1985. In 1996, the C block was added which houses the departments of Pharmacology, Pathology, Microbiology and the Central Library.

Events

 * 2008: Inauguration of C2 block and Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry and Community Medicine departments were shifted to the new block.
 * 2018: Inauguration of new casualty block by chief minister of Kerala Mr Pinarayi Vijayan.

Attached institutions
The collegiate institutions attached to Medical College Kottayam are Medical College Hospital (MCH), Institute of Child Health (ICH),Kottayam Medical College Health Center (KMCHC).

'Gandhinagar' from 1974. Construction of ABC and EFG blocks of MCH were completed during 1969 and 1970 respectively.

Institute of Child Health (ICH)
The Institute of Child Health is at about 1.5 km from the main medical college hospital campus. It was established in 1975. It houses the departments of pediatrics and pediatric surgery. It imparts curative and preventive health for children from all districts of central Kerala: Kottayam, Idukki, Pathanamthitta, Alapuzha and Ernakulam. The average daily outpatients being treated in this institution is 500. About 9,750 children are treated as inpatients annually in various specialties.

Leukemia ward (Walli's children cancer care centre): A newly constructed leukemia ward was commissioned on 29.10.2005 attached to the Institute of Child Health as a sponsored programme.

ICH family welfare centre, medical records library and incinerator room are attached to the Institute of Child Health.

Departments

 * Anaesthesiology
 * Anatomy
 * Biochemistry
 * Cardiology
 * Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery
 * Community Medicine
 * Dermatology & Venereology
 * E N T
 * Endocrinology
 * Forensic Medicine
 * Gastroenterology (Monday & Wednesday )
 * General Surgery
 * Internal Medicine
 * Microbiology
 * Nephrology
 * Neurosurgery
 * Obstetrics & Gynaecology
 * Ophthalmology
 * Orthopaedics
 * Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
 * Paediatric Surgery
 * Pathology
 * Pediatrics
 * Pharmaceutical Science
 * Pharmacology
 * Physical Education
 * Physical medicine & Rehabilitation
 * Physiology
 * Plastic Surgery
 * Psychiatry
 * Pulmonary Medicine
 * Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology
 * Radiotherapy
 * T B and Chest Diseases
 * Transfusion Medicine & Immunohaematology
 * Urology
 * Infectious disease unit

Facilities
Through over 36 years the campus has grown into a small township with in house banking facilities, co-operative stores, Post Office, canteens, hotels, lodging facilities as well as subsidized hostels and accommodations for the faculty.

The bed strength of the Medical College Hospital alone is 1401, although the hospital frequently operates at 140%–150% capacity. The present facilities include: round the clock casualty service, Blood Bank facility, modern lab and imaging services, colour doppler, TMT, Holter monitor, haemodialysis, endoscopic & laparoscopic procedures, open heart surgery, specialised pain clinic under anaesthesiology, computerised pulmonary function lab under the Chest & TB dept, cardiac rehabilitation centre under Cardiology dept, specialised trauma care centre, advanced intensive care units for Surgery, Medicine, Cardiac services, Neuro-surgery & Plastic Surgery..

The House Surgeoncy Program has been acknowledged as a rigorous one with multiple training opportunities not readily available in some other teaching institutions — ensuring that graduates are well prepared for higher training. In fact, a majority of graduates go on to pursue PG courses, very commendable given the very few seats available for such higher training in the country.

Administration
College of Nursing, Kottayam is a full-pledged institution under the director of Medical Education. The professor and head (director) is the administrative head of College of Nursing who is responsible to the DME through principal Medical College, Kottayam. The administration and internal management of the college is vested with the professor and head.

Medical College Hospital is a multi-bed hospital with 450 doctors and about 2,000 staff members. List of former principals.

Courses offered
Main courses offered include MBBS, post-graduate training in basic specialties (M.D., MS and diploma courses) and super-specialties (DM and MCh), BDS, BSc Nursing and other paramedical courses.

Every year, 175 students get admitted for MBBS course through central government's NEET UG Examination.

Other courses

 * Four years of BSc Nursing course with 12 months internship
 * Three years Diploma in General Nursing and Midwifery
 * MSc Nursing course started from 2004
 * Medical Surgical Nursing
 * Psychiatric Nursing
 * Allied health courses – Radiological Technology, Medical Laboratory Technology, Ophthalmic Technology, Pharmacy course etc.

Connections
Government Medical College, Kottayam is well connected by road and rail. Main Central Road MC Road connects the medical college from Samkranthi which is 2 km away. Ettumanoor is situated 7 km away from the college.

Kottayam, Kumaranalloor and Ettumanoor are the nearest railway stations.

title: Government Medical College, Kottayam


text: Category:Golf in Scotland

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Golf in Scotland


text:
Magyar Szó

Magyar Szó (lit. Hungarian Word) is a Hungarian-language daily newspaper in Vojvodina, Serbia. It was founded in 1944, with the purpose of serving as the information source for the Hungarian minority of Vojvodina. It is published in Novi Sad. Magyar Szó is considered the main ethnic Hungarian media in Serbia and in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. To begin with, the newspaper was called Szabad Vajdaság, but the name was changed to Magyar Szó in 1945.

Newspapers with same name
There was and is a number of newspapers that bare the same name. Here is a partial list of them:
 * Magyar Szó (1900–1907) – a daily newspaper published in Budapest at the beginning of the 20th century;
 * Magyar Szó (1919–1920) – belletristic weekly magazine, published in Oradea;
 * Magyar Szó (1929–1937) – a daily newspaper, published in Oradea;
 * Magyar Szó (London) – newspaper, briefly published by Hungarian diaspora in London, during and after the 1956 Revolution;
 * Magyar Szó (New Zealand) – Bulletin of the Hungarian Community in New Zealand..

title: Magyar Szó


text:
User talk:Akritas~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Qaz  ( talk ) 10:10, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Akritas. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Akritas~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 21:45, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:17, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Akritas~enwiki


text:
IAF Technological College, Beersheba

IAF Technological College, Beersheba (המכללה הטכנולוגית של חיל האוויר והחלל שלוחת באר שבע), also known as the Techni School, is a technology-oriented high school and college in Beersheba, Israel.

History
IAF Technological College is located in the Nahal Ashen neighborhood in Beersheba (the original campus was in Naot-Lon Beersheba).

The school trains Israel Air Force cadets (שוחר, Shoher) from the 9th or 10th grade through graduation from the 12th grade. Those who excel academically continue to the technological class (grade 13) and are eligible to receive a practical engineering certificate following 14th grade. Students with high grades have the option to continue their studies for a B.Sc. At first, the Technological school offered only a single class in a home-style trailer building surrounded by a gate. Since then, many trailer classes have been added, as well as a kitchen, of which half serves as a classroom. The building contains many computer laboratories, a gymnasium, two basketball courts, two football fields, a theater and a swimming pool.

The cadets are required to wear Israeli Air force uniforms with a special shoulder and beret insignia.

When a student finished his studies he was entitled to wear the Cadet's wings. As of 2006 the sign has been changed as it had wings and the students are not in combat units (the meaning of wings on insignia).

75% of the students are successful on their first attempt of the bagrut exams, with an average of 30 bagrut point. 97% success rate for 13'th class and 100% for 14'th class

The college offers 4 programs that provide practical engineering education: flight electronics, flight mechanics, Pami Atimdim and electricity.

title: IAF Technological College, Beersheba


text: User talk:68.252.217.32

title: User talk:68.252.217.32


text:
Emmet Sullivan (sculptor)

Emmet Sullivan, (May 27, 1887 – November 3, 1970) was an American sculptor. He was born in Powder River, Montana, and claimed to have worked on Mount Rushmore. He created the five dinosaurs in Dinosaur Park in Rapid City, South Dakota in 1934, his first large-scale project. His other dinosaur creations were the Apatosaurus at Wall Drug in Wall, South Dakota in the late 1960s, and the many dinosaurs of Dinosaur World in Beaver, Arkansas. In 1966 Sullivan sculpted the 20 meter tall Christ of the Ozarks statue in Eureka Springs, Arkansas.

Other projects of his career included a menagerie of prehistoric animals on West Main street in Rapid City, South Dakota in 1967, a giant seal for Marine Life, South of Rapid City, and a large bull at Black Hawk, South Dakota. Sullivan died at 83 in Rapid City in 1970. He was buried in the Black Hills National Cemetery.

title: Emmet Sullivan (sculptor)


text:
Mowsley

Mowsley, pronounced "mowzley" (rhyming with "cows") (from Muslai - mouse infested field) is a small village in the south part of Leicestershire. The modern village has just under 100 dwellings. The population (including Knaptoft) at the 2011 census was 302.

Entries in Domesday
According to the Domesday Book, Mowsley had two manors in 1086, situated in the ancient hundred of Gartree. This was a chapelry in the ancient ecclesiastical parish of Knaptoft with the chapel being built c1250AD. The chapel, which was sensitively restored at the end of the 19th century has a perfect cruciform plan and contains three piscinas, a large carved altar stone and a font which has the original bowl.

Schools
The Church of England School in Mowsley was built in 1864, but there had been a Sunday school in the village from 1833, which was attended by 17 boys and 22 girls. By 1871 there were 18 boys and 18 girls who attended the new school and in 1872 a school committee was formed who assumed responsibility for the ongoing management of the school, which had previously been the remit of the rector and the Churchwardens. A school mistress was also appointed in this year at a salary of £22 10s a year. In 1892, the cost of the general management and upkeep of the school was £64. The number of pupils two years later was just 16. In 1900 the school attendance had increased to 22, due to the closure of Laughton school and the subsequent transfer of its students to Mowsley. In 1923 it was decided that children over the age of 11 would attend the 'senior top' at Husbands Bosworth National School, however this was a fairly short lived arrangement, because the 'senior top' closed in 1930, transferring all senior pupils to Church Langton. The school in Mowsley continued as a junior school for the Mowsley and Laughton districts and in 1933 it had 35 pupils in attendance. The junior school eventually came under the jurisdiction of the local authority and by 1958, it had an attendance of 22.

Sanatorium
An isolation hospital for the treatment of smallpox was built in 1903 one mile south of the village. This became a sanatorium for the treatment of Tuberculosis in 1912. In 1914-15 it was extended to a capacity of more than 70, and a chapel was added in 1923. In 1932 a new hospital was opened in Markfield and Mowsley Sanatorium was closed and demolished.

Modern village
Most of the dwellings are of 19th- or 20th-century origin. The oldest property is the thatched Millstone House which may have been one of the manor houses. A restored 17th-century timber-framed house with mud lower panel and wattle and daub upper panel infills exists.

Unusually, the medieval village boundary can be clearly traced. Virtually the whole village sits within this boundary, with the village "footprint" differing little from that of 500 years ago.

The village has a pub but no shops and the village school closed in 2010.

Families of note
The Brabazon family were lords of the manor in the 13th/14th centuries - eventually to become the Earls of Meath. Earthworks in the vicinity of the village represent fishponds and the remains of the Brabazon manor house.

The Barnabas Horton Family emigrated from Mowsley to the US and became one of the founding fathers of Southold, LI c. 1640. Caleb Horton (b. 1640 d.1702) was the first non-Native American child born on Long Island, in Southold.

title: Mowsley


text:
Heap leaching

Heap leaching is an industrial mining process used to extract precious metals, copper, uranium, and other compounds from ore using a series of chemical reactions that absorb specific minerals and re-separate them after their division from other earth materials. Similar to in situ mining, heap leach mining differs in that it places ore on a liner, then adds the chemicals via drip systems to the ore, whereas in situ mining lacks these liners and pulls pregnant solution up to obtain the minerals. Heap leaching is widely used in modern large-scale mining operations as it produces the desired concentrates at a lower cost compared to conventional processing methods such as flotation, agitation, and vat leaching.

Additionally, dump leaching is an essential part of most copper mining operations and determines the quality grade of the produced material along with other factors

Due to the profitability that the dump leaching has on the mining process, i.e. it can contribute substantially to the economic viability of the mining process, it is advantageous to include the results of the leaching operation in the economic overall project evaluation.

The process has ancient origins; one of the classical methods for the manufacture of copperas (iron sulfate) was to heap up iron pyrite and collect the leachate from the heap, which was then boiled with iron to produce iron(II) sulfate.

Process
The mined ore is usually crushed into small chunks and heaped on an impermeable plastic or clay lined leach pad where it can be irrigated with a leach solution to dissolve the valuable metals. While sprinklers are occasionally used for irrigation, more often operations use drip irrigation to minimize evaporation, provide more uniform distribution of the leach solution, and avoid damaging the exposed mineral. The solution then percolates through the heap and leaches both the target and other minerals. This process, called the "leach cycle," generally takes from one or two months for simple oxide ores (e.g. most gold ores) to two years for nickel laterite ores. The leach solution containing the dissolved minerals is then collected, treated in a process plant to recover the target mineral and in some cases precipitate other minerals, and recycled to the heap after reagent levels are adjusted. Ultimate recovery of the target mineral can range from 30% of contained run-of-mine dump leaching sulfide copper ores to over 90% for the ores that are easiest to leach, some oxide gold ores.

The essential questions to address during the process of the heap leaching are:
 * Can the investment of crushing the ore be justified by the potential increase in recovery and rate of recovery?
 * How should the concentration of acid be altered over time in order to produce a solution that can be economically treated?
 * How does the form of a heap affect the recovery and solution grade?
 * Under any given set of circumstances, what type of recovery can be expected before the leach solution quality drops below a critical limit?
 * What recovery (quantifiable measure) can be expected?

In recent years, the addition of an agglomeration drum has improved on the heap leaching process by allowing for a more efficient leach. The rotary drum agglomerator works by taking the crushed ore fines and agglomerating them into more uniform particles. This makes it much easier for the leaching solution to percolate through the pile, making its way through the channels between particles.

The addition of an agglomeration drum also has the added benefit of being able to pre-mix the leaching solution with the ore fines to achieve a more concentrated, homogeneous mixture and allow the leach to begin prior to the heap.

Although heap leach design has made significant progress over the last few years through the use of new materials and improved analytical tools, industrial experience shows that there are significant benefits from extending the design process beyond the liner and into the rock pile itself. Characterization of the physical and hydraulic (hydrodynamic) properties of ore-for-leach focuses on the direct measurement of the key properties of the ore, namely:

 * The relationship between heap height and ore bulk density (density profile)
 * The relationship between bulk density and percolation capacity (conductivity profile)
 * The relationship between the bulk density, porosity and its components (micro and macro)
 * The relationship between the moisture content and percolation capacity (conductivity curve)
 * The relationship between the aforementioned parameters and the ore preparation practices (mining, crushing, agglomeration, curing, and method of placement)

Theoretical and numerical analysis, and operational data show that these fundamental mechanisms are controlled by scale, dimensionality, and heterogeneity, all of which adversely affect the scalability of metallurgical and hydrodynamic properties from the lab to the field. The dismissal of these mechanisms can result in a number of practical and financial problems that will resonate throughout the life of the heap impacting the financial return of the operation. Through procedures that go beyond the commonly employed metallurgical testing and the integration of data gleaned through real time 3D monitoring, a more complete representative characterization of the physicochemical properties of the heap environment is obtained. This improved understanding results in a significantly higher degree of accuracy in terms of creating a truly representative sample of the environment within the heap.

By adhering to the characterization identified above, a more comprehensive view of heap leach environments can be realized, allowing the industry to move away from the de facto black-box approach to a physicochemically inclusive industrial reactor model.

Precious metals
The crushed ore is irrigated with a dilute alkaline cyanide solution. The solution containing the dissolved precious metals in a pregnant solution continues percolating through the crushed ore until it reaches the liner at the bottom of the heap where it drains into a storage (pregnant solution) pond. After separating the precious metals from the pregnant solution, the dilute cyanide solution (now called "barren solution") is normally re-used in the heap-leach-process or occasionally sent to an industrial water treatment facility where the residual cyanide is treated and residual metals are removed. In very high rainfall areas, such as the tropics, in some cases there is surplus water that is then discharged to the environment, after treatment, posing possible water pollution if treatment is not properly carried out.

The production of one gold ring through this method, can generate 20 tons of waste material.

During the extraction phase, the gold ions form complex ions with the cyanide:

Recuperation of the gold is readily achieved with a redox-reaction:

The most common methods to remove the gold from solution are either using activated carbon to selectively absorb it, or the Merrill-Crowe process where zinc powder is added to cause a precipitation of gold and zinc. The fine product can be either doré (gold-silver bars) or zinc-gold sludge that is then refined elsewhere.

Copper ores
The method is similar to the cyanide method above, except sulfuric acid is used to dissolve copper from its ores. The acid is recycled from the solvent extraction circuit (see solvent extraction-electrowinning, SX/EW) and reused on the leach pad. A byproduct is iron(II) sulfate, jarosite, which is produced as a byproduct of leaching pyrite, and sometimes even the same sulfuric acid that is needed for the process. Both oxide and sulfide ores can be leached, though the leach cycles are much different and sulfide leaching requires a bacterial, or bio-leach, component.

In 2011 leaching, both heap leaching and in-situ leaching, produced 3.4 million metric tons of copper, 22 percent of world production. The largest copper heap leach operations are in Chile, Peru, and the southwestern United States.

Although heap leaching is a low cost-process, it normally has recovery rates of 60-70%. It is normally most profitable with low-grade ores. Higher-grade ores are usually put through more complex milling processes where higher recoveries justify the extra cost. The process chosen depends on the properties of the ore.

The final product is cathode copper.

Nickel ores
This method is an acid heap leaching method like that of the copper method in that it utilises sulfuric acid instead of cyanide solution to dissolve the target minerals from crushed ore. The amount of sulfuric acid required is much higher than for copper ores, as high as 1,000 kg of acid per tonne of ore, but 500 kg is more common. The method was originally patented by Australian miner BHP and is being commercialized by Cerro Matoso in Colombia, a wholly owned subsidiary of BHP; Vale in Brazil; and European Nickel for the rock laterite deposits of Turkey, Talvivaara mine in Finland, the Balkans, and the Philippines. There currently are no operating commercial scale nickel laterite heap leach operations, but there is a sulphide HL operating in Finland.

Nickel recovery from the leach solutions is much more complex than for copper and requires various stages of iron and magnesium removal, and the process produces both leached ore residue ("ripios") and chemical precipitates from the recovery plant (principally iron oxide residues, magnesium sulfate and calcium sulfate) in roughly equal proportions. Thus, a unique feature of nickel heap leaching is the need for a tailings disposal area.

The final product can be nickel hydroxide precipitates (NHP) or mixed metal hydroxide precipitates (MHP), which are then subject to conventional smelting to produce metallic nickel.

Uranium ores
Similar to copper oxide heap leaching, also using dilute sulfuric acid. Rio Tinto is commercializing this technology in Namibia and Australia; the French nuclear fuel company Orano, in Niger with two mines and Namibia; and several other companies are studying its feasibility.

The final product is yellowcake and requires significant further processing to produce fuel-grade feed.

Apparatus
While most mining companies have shifted from a previously accepted sprinkler method to the percolation of slowly dripping choice chemicals including cyanide or sulfuric acid closer to the actual ore bed, heap leach pads have not changed too much throughout the years. There are still four main categories of pads: conventional, dump leach, valley fills, and on/off pads. Typically, each pad only has a single, geomembrane liner for each pad, with a minimum thickness of 1.5mm, usually thicker.

The conventional pads simplest in design are used for mostly flat or gentle areas and hold thinner layers of crushed ore. Dump leach pads hold more ore and can usually handle a less flat terrain. Valley fills are pads situated at valley bottoms or levels that can hold everything falling into it. On/off pads involve putting significantly larger loads on the pads and removing and reloading it after every cycle.

Many of these mines which previously had digging depths of about 15 meters are digging deeper than ever before to mine materials, approximately 50 meters, sometimes more, which means that, in order to accommodate all of the ground being displaced, pads will have to hold higher weights from more crushed ore being contained in a smaller area (Lupo 2010). With that increase in build up comes in potential for decrease in yield or ore quality, as well as potential either weak spots in the lining or areas of increased pressure buildup. This build up still has the potential to lead to punctures in the liner. As of 2004 cushion fabrics, which could reduce potential punctures and their leaking, were still being debated due to their tendency to increase risks if too much weight on too large a surface was placed on the cushioning (Thiel and Smith 2004). In addition, some liners, depending on their composition, may react with salts in the soil as well as acid from the chemical leaching to affect the successfulness of the liner. This can be amplified over time.

Effectiveness
Heap leach mining works well for large volumes of low grade ores, as reduced metallurgical treatment (comminution) of the ore is required in order to extract an equivalent amount of minerals when compared to milling. The significantly reduced processing costs are offset by the reduced yield of usually approximately 60-70%. The amount of overall environmental impact caused by heap leaching is often lower than more traditional techniques. It also requires less energy consumption to use this method, which many consider to be an environmental alternative.

Government regulation
In the United States, the General Mining Law of 1872 gave rights to explore and mine on public domain land; the original law did not require post-mining reclamation (Woody et al. 2011). Mined land reclamation requirements on federal land depended on state requirements until the passage of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act in 1976. Currently, mining on federal land must have a government-approved mining and reclamation plan before mining can start. Reclamation bonds are required. Mining on either federal, state, or private land is subject to the requirements of the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act.

One solution proposed to reclamation problems is the privatization of the land to be mined (Woody et al. 2011).

Cultural and social concerns
With the rise of the environmentalist movement has also come an increased appreciation for social justice, and mining has showed similar trends lately. Societies located near potential mining sites are at increased risk to be subjected to injustices as their environment is affected by the changes made to mined lands—either public or private—that could eventually lead to problems in social structure, identity, and physical health (Franks 2009). Many have argued that by cycling mine power through local citizens, this disagreement can be alleviated, since both interest groups would have shared and equal voice and understanding in future goals. However, it is often difficult to match corporate mining interests with local social interests, and money is often a deciding factor in the successes of any disagreements. If communities are able to feel like they have a valid understanding and power in issues concerning their local environment and society, they are more likely to tolerate and encourage the positive benefits that come with mining, as well as more effectively promote alternative methods to heap leach mining using their intimate knowledge of the local geography (Franks 2009).

title: Heap leaching


text:
Baarmutha, Victoria

Baarmutha is a small town in Victoria, Australia. It is located on Diffey Road in the Shire of Indigo, south of Beechworth.

Baarmutha Post Office opened on 1 October 1875 and closed in 1968.

title: Baarmutha, Victoria


text:
Toothed belt

A toothed belt, timing belt, cogged belt, cog belt, or synchronous belt is a flexible belt with teeth moulded onto its inner surface. Toothed belts are usually designed to run over matching toothed pulleys or sprockets. Toothed belts are used in a wide array of mechanical devices where high power transmission is desired.

Design and application
Timing belts, toothed belts, cogged or cog belts, and synchronous belts are non-slipping mechanical drive belts. They are made as flexible belts with teeth moulded onto their inner surface. The belts run over matching toothed pulleys or sprockets. When correctly tensioned, these type of belts have no slippage, and are often used to transfer motion for indexing or timing purposes (hence their name). They are often used in lieu of chains or gears, so there is less noise and a lubrication bath is not necessary.

Toothed belts are used widely in mechanical devices, including sewing machines, photocopiers and many others. A major use of toothed belts is as the timing belt used to drive the camshafts within an automobile or motorcycle engine.

As toothed belts can deliver more power than a friction-drive belt, they are used for high-power transmissions. These include the primary drive of some motorcycles, notably later Harley-Davidsons; and the supercharger used for dragsters.

Microlight aircraft driven by high-speed two-stroke engines such as the Rotax 532 use toothed belt reduction drives to allow the use of a quieter and more efficient slower-speed propeller. Some amateur-built airplanes powered by automotive engines use cog belt reduction drive units.

Other names
A gilmer belt was a brand or trade name for a mechanical belt used for transferring power between axles in a machine. The gilmer belt was originally sold by the L. H. Gilmer company after 1949, and represents one of the earliest toothed belt designs. Gilmer belts use trapezoidal teeth to engage matching grooves on toothed pulleys in order to maintain synchronicity between moving parts. Belts are no longer sold under the Gilmer name, although enthusiasts are still likely to refer to toothed belts by the gilmer name.

Fabrication
Toothed belts are made of a flexible polymer over a fabric reinforcement. Originally this was rubber over a natural textile, but developments in material science have had a substantial effect in increasing the lifetime of these belts. This included changes from natural to synthetic rubber and polyurethane and also the adoption of steel, nylon, Kevlar (or other aramid fibres), and/or carbon fibres in their reinforcement.

Belt failure
Toothed belts have two failure modes, one gradual and one catastrophic. There is an increased risk of either over the lifetime of the belt, so it is common for highly-stressed belts to be given a service lifetime and to be replaced before this failure can occur.

One failure mode is gradual wear to the tooth shape, which may eventually lead to slippage over rounded teeth. The belt often continues to work, but the relative timing between shafts changes.

The catastrophic failure mode is caused by delamination between the belt and its fabric reinforcement. Although this may be caused by age and wear, it is often accelerated by mistreatment of the belt, often during initial installation. Overloading the belt by bending it to a narrow radius is a common cause of damage, either by bending out of the belt's designed axis, twisting, levering it into place with tools, bending in the correct axis but to too small a radius, or even knotting a belt in storage. Another cause, particularly with natural rubber belts, is contamination by oil, especially to the edges where the reinforcing fabric is exposed and can cause a wick effect.

It is extremely rare for a timing belt to break. More common is for the belt to delaminate, disconnecting the fabric strength member from the teeth that ride on the pulleys. The belt is then often thrown from the pulleys and may be further damaged, cut, or break. Although worn teeth may be detectable by careful inspection, internal deterioration is not considered to be reliably detectable and so the observance of service lifetimes is important.

title: Toothed belt


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nariman Farvardin

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was NO CONSENSUS.-Splash talk 23:00, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Nariman Farvardin
This page in transliterated Farsi has been on WP:PNT since 24 September. Physchim62 10:23, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Transfered from Pages needing translation into English
 * I have no idea; possibly transliterated Arabic. Google for "nariman farvardin" gives 9K hits, which indicates that this person is probably notable. Anyone? DS 15:39, 24 September 2005 (UTC)
 * It is transliterated Farsi, not Arabic. I don't understand enough of it to translate, but I do recognize that it is written entirely in the first person (lots of 'I' and 'you' statements, and it ends with "goodbye"). Should be deleted, or at least cleaned up and then translated into English, or transliterated into Farsi characters and then Transwikied. Alexanderj 06:30, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep and rewrite in English. I don't know what the article says at present, since I don't speak Farsi, but Nariman Farvardin is the name of the dean of the school of engineering at the University of Maryland, College Park, which probably has one of the best engineering departments in its country (and is one of the first/few with a fire protection engineering program, for example).  He also has a pretty long list of publications.  Also see his website and list of publications at the University of Maryland School of Engineering. --Idont Havaname 05:28, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Home movie (disambiguation)

A home movie is a film made by amateurs.

Home Movie or Home Movies may also refer to:

 * Home video, films or television shows rented or sold in a video format for home use, or amateur video recordings, or the technology of home video recording and reproduction generally
 * Home Movie (2008 film), a horror film
 * Home Movie (2013 film), a short documentary biographical film
 * Home Movie: The Princess Bride, a 2020 celebrity "fan remake" of the 1987 film The Princess Bride
 * Home Movies (TV series), a 1999–2004 cartoon television program
 * Home Movies (film), a 1980 film directed by Brian De Palma
 * Home Movies (musical), a 1964 "Off-Off-Broadway" musical scored by Al Carmines
 * Home Movies (video), a 1995 music video by Pennywise
 * Home Movies (album), The Best of Everything But the Girl 2001
 * Home Movies, a 1997 novel by Ray Robertson

title: Home movie (disambiguation)


text: Talk:Home movie (disambiguation)

title: Talk:Home movie (disambiguation)


text:
File:Mighty Joe Young (1949 film) poster.jpg

Summary
Poster for film: Mighty Joe Young (1949).

Re. Source
Derived from a digital capture of: the film poster. The creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party. Copyright held by the film company or the artist. The image claimed as fair use regardless.

Fair use rationale for use in Mighty Joe Young (1949 film) article
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.


text:
Talk:Southwest Asia Service Medal

Provide Comfort
Can you provide cites for a service star for Provide Comfort? AS best I can tell, Provide Comfort was included in the Cease-Fire campaign, thus not entitled to a separate star. --Gadget850 10:27, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * http://www.per.hqusareur.army.mil/Services/MPPD/swasm.htm
 * http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/html/134833m.htm

bronze star for Provide Comfort 1/2
Wrong. I have it in my records from mpc, star with SWA medal — Preceding unsigned comment added by 104.172.144.89 (talk) 21:39, 4 February 2016 (UTC)

2016 change in ribbon spec?
This article states the spec for the SWASM ribbon was changed in 2016, and there's a picture of the "new spec" ribbon showing widened central green and black stripes. However, Wikipedia is the only place that seems to be aware of this change in spec. Indeed, when you click on the source for the image of the "new" ribbon, it leads to a pic of the "old" ribbon. The Army Institute of Heraldry still features the "old" ribbon, so apparently the Army hasn't gotten the word, either. I realize there are links to the DOD spec sheets as citations for the change, but could these be mistakes? DOD has been known to make mistakes before. It just seems odd that the only place that seems to acknowledge this change in spec is Wikipedia. Eastcote (talk) 19:17, 28 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Check the dimensions specified on the DLA page's PDFs. – Illegitimate Barrister (talk • contribs), 04:50, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * How does that help? I've seen them already.  But like I said in my comment from seven years ago, it doesn't seem that anyone has bothered to inform the military services that the ribbon has changed.  The only place that acknowledges the change is Wikipedia.
 * See the Army: https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/Heraldry.aspx?HeraldryId=15308&CategoryId=4&grp=4&menu=Decorations%20and%20Medals&ps=24&p=0
 * See the Air Force: https://www.afpc.af.mil/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/421903/southwest-asia-service-medal/
 * See the Navy: https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/heritage/awards/service-campaign/southwest-asia-service-medal.html
 * Then visit any PX/BX, and see what they have on their shelves. I worked for US Army TACOM, which is the parent command for the heraldry center, and which manages the supply of medals.  TACOM is still stocking the "old" version.  So, maybe there was a new spec sheet in 2016, but it apparently hasn't been paid any attention, and the actual ribbon in stock with the military and the various commercial outlets is still, after eight years, the "old" ribbon.  What should Wikipedia reflect in this article?  Reality, or a supposed change that apparently hasn't happened? Eastcote (talk) 16:27, 1 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Southwest Asia Service Medal


text:
Talk:Mexico–United States border

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Fahmad007. Peer reviewers: Yuya.As.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 00:57, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 18 August 2021 and 18 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): MedStef.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 00:57, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Optimisticallyhopeful.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 04:00, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Shouldnt this be more important in the porjects for the USA and Mexico
This is listed as low for Mexico and mid for the USA shouldnt this be higher for both of them — Preceding unsigned comment added by GeordieNamedPercy (talk • contribs) 02:02, 14 September 2020 (UTC)

Incorrect caption and unrelated image on border region
In the Mexico–United States border section there is an image captioned "100-mile border region on the U.S.–Mexico border", but the image actually shows a "100km Border Buffer" (100km, not 100 miles). The image seems to be from a water infrastructure program, which covers 100km on both sides of the border, as highlighted in the image, and is unrelated to the 100-mile region on the US side only where CBP has the authority to stop and search. --4.28.172.154 (talk) 23:06, 30 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I came here for the same reason. I'll remove it. 100 kilometres ≠ 100 miles, and the buffer obviously doesn't extend into Mexican territory. --Craig (t|c) 00:20, 26 May 2020 (UTC)

Actual position of the Rio Grande border
Is the border in mid-river, the north or the south bank of the river? Avalon (talk) 00:08, 26 September 2021 (UTC)

 * from what i've seen, mostly north. But the river breaks away from mexico to the west, at which point the border is mostly land (until the Colorado river?)2603:7080:CB3F:5032:D4A0:5216:15F3:22AF (talk) 13:22, 27 December 2022 (UTC)

Extreme example of systemic bias
I came here to find some basic information about the Mexican border, customs, and immigration service(s). Can’t even find its/their name in this ginormous article about United States issues. It’s an extreme example of wp:systemic bias, and I hope it can be improved. —Michael Z. 19:30, 2 December 2021 (UTC)

Current progress of border wall construction
Article currently states that the Biden administration has stopped building that wall: The construction of the wall has been halted by President Joe Biden as he canceled the national emergency declaration, originally used by Trump.

A recent issue of The Economist (Oct 8th, 2022, p. 39f) has an article that claims otherwise: https://www.economist.com/united-states/2022/10/04/the-biden-administration-is-quietly-completing-bits-of-donald-trumps-wall --176.199.18.181 (talk) 20:55, 17 October 2022 (UTC)

It's now the last days of 2022 and the Biden Administration section has virtually no content. very little from Jan 20, 2021 to Dec 31, 2021 and Zero content from Jan 1 2022 to Dec 26, 2022.

Reliable sources like CBS News have spoken on multiple "migrant crises" over the year. Title 42 expiring, the sudden temperate drops impacting the migrants delayed outdoors in late December, the crowding of migrants into Airports, etc.

Though they don't say that over 2 million were allowed to walk across and virtually zero deportations occurred. 2023 will likely see in excess of 3-5 million, since title 42 will be null. Why doesn't biden's cabinet abolish the Border Patrol to save money? the migrant volunteer groups can handle all the paperwork, since 100% of arrivals are waved through anyway. They might as well build a DMV/Social Services complex right at the Rio Grande edge with 20-30k staff working triple shifts. {even then, migrant flows are increasing so rapidly, that even that would be insufficient within 1/2 yrs. Alas, open borders have long term consequences, no matter what you give them, it'll always be seen as too little. The pre-1965 days of 40k legal migrants/yr is a distant memory}2603:7080:CB3F:5032:D4A0:5216:15F3:22AF (talk) 13:18, 27 December 2022 (UTC)

Mexico–United States border
Meganfarley65 (talk) 20:28, 26 November 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: LIBR 1 Working with Sources
— Assignment last updated by Kdavis25 (talk) 18:49, 16 December 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Adding Immigrants Quantitative Sources for Latino Immigration History
— Assignment last updated by Katherine.Holt (talk) 15:04, 3 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mexico–United States border


text:
Talk:Bicycle safety

I acknowledge that this might contain elements of POV, I have strong opinions. I aim to reference more of it in the near future. Just zis Guy, you know? 10:30, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Here's a suggestion, then: present one side as NPOV as you can. Separate external links into parts that support one view, and parts that support the other view. I like the idea of presenting as many sides as feasible, and letting the reader decide. Informative over persuasive. --Christopherlin 18:43, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, you are right I know. It's a "beware of the tigers" situation for me :-) - Just zis Guy, you know? [T]/[C] AfD? 20:44, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, I realized that the path and helmet debates could be covered more in their respective main articles, and the less controversial aspects could be covered more. For instance, proper maintenance and riding technique, alertness, etc. As an example, there is an open lawsuit in the US against Wal-Mart because their bikes are poorly made, etc. Also, I had this one in my files: http://www.bikesrnottoys.com/ Thoughts? --Christopherlin 15:07, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Two interesting links! Build them in, for sure.  And yes, I'm all for maintenance, and for keepign the paths and helmets references very short, with a "main article" link.  The summary in both cases is: the evidence is conflicting and often counter-intuitive. - Just zis Guy, you know? [T]/[C] AfD? 14:53, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

What about "obey traffic laws"? --Christopherlin 06:08, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Language
This article was started and is written in British English. I have nothing against American English, but please don't "fix" correct British spelling. I make enough spelling errors to keep you busy on those :-) - Just zis Guy, you know? [T]/[C] AfD? 22:51, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

Road position
Re JzGs queries on this urban versus rural issue. When I wrote this what I was thinking is that in an urban situation, with following traffic moving at circa 50kph/3omph a default practice of pulling out into a more prominent position passing side roads is probably justified in terms of likely collision types and outcomes. Provided you can be sure you have time before a following vehicle catches up with you. (All of which is judged based on a glance over the shoulder). In an arterial situation with following traffic at 100kph/60mph it may be much harder to assess this issue. If you recieve a direct impact from behind at 60mph you have a very low chance of survival. In this case it may be better to take your chances with a less prominent position and increased risk of collision with turning traffic. (It is arguable in this situation that high speed through traffic would discourage others from turning accros your path anyway). --Sf 11:32, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I am conscious that we could be interpreted as offering advice to people on a matter where avoidable death is a possible outcome of any misunderstandings or lack of clarity - imposes a sense of caution. --Sf 11:40, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Sexism?
This sentence: "However, a sense of caution is required, what works in urban conditions for some-one like an adult male cycling-enthusiast may not work for some-one else who is less able or experienced." doesn't make much sense to me. It contrasts "adult male cycling-enthusiasts" with "someone who is less able or experienced". Why are these phrases placed in parallel here? What do gender or sex have to do with cycling ability or experience? It's true that males tend to have greater upper body strength than females, but this is much less relevant to urban cycling than general confidence, endurance, and good common sense (none of which have any particular connection to sex or gender). Catamorphism 23:43, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

In my my view you are confusing several concepts. Nowhere is it stated that sex has anything to do with cycling ability. Nor is it stated that concepts like confidence or good common sense are linked to sex, this appears to be an inference that you have chosen to draw. There are however in my view, and I believe in the view of many physiologists, clear differences in strength/weight ratios between the "average" human male and the "average" human female. (And not just in terms of upper body strength). It is in my view, far from sexist to draw on these differences to illustrate an important point. (In my view endurance is not a particular issue for urban cycling, particulalry utility cycling where most trips are less than 3 miles.) Cyclists comprise a continuum of people of different ages and abilities including child cyclists and elderly people using bicycles so they can circumvent the pain caused by their arthritis when they walk. At the other end of the continuum can be found people like adult female cycling enthusiasts followed at the top by adult male cycling enthusiasts. (Clearly there will be some overlap between the top and bottom of the latter cohorts.) Each and every cyclist must adopt and use a cycling style that works for them. For instance UK, Irish, Australian and New Zealand cyclists may have to routinely tackle roundabouts of a particular design. Analysis indicates that the best means for a fully able cyclist to handle such junctions is exactly like a car. This can be argued to require the ability to sustain bursts of 30kph (20mph) or more. For the purpose of comparison, the concept of such ability is clearly encapsulated by our archetypical "adult male cycling enthusiast". Such ability may not be available to Joe or Mary (aged 75) whose hearing is bit dodgy and who has arthritis in their left ankle - but why start picking out Joe or Mary in particular? Or come to that why assume that anybody else was picked out? --Sf 12:16, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

Change made 22/02/06
I view Catamorphism's implied/explicit? accusation of sexism as some form of knee-jerk reflex best saved for a different forum and I reject it. However, when composing my reply it occured to me that both Joe or Mary (Aged 75) could well claim to be "adult cycling enthusiasts" (In fact the real "Joe" - not his real name - is very much a (arthritic) cycling enthusiast!). This potentially alters the nuance originally intended so I have substituted the term "young adult sports cyclist" instead. --Sf 14:14, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I have to admit that I don't quite understand the relevance of all the facts mentioned in your reply to me, but I'm happy with the wording as it is now. Catamorphism 01:11, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Merge from bicycle safety equipment
Bicycle safety equipment is very short and could stand better as a part of the main article on bicycle safety. --Christopherlin 18:46, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

 * While that might make sense currently, I think the correct solution is to expand the bicycle safety equipment article. --Serge 22:49, 24 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree with merger. Bicycle safety equipment always looked to me like a POV fork anyway given its earlier content. This is a pretty substantial article, that is a poor kind of thing.  Merge and redirect.  In fact, just redirect, since I don't think there's owt there which is not already here. Just zis Guy you know? 23:02, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

Link to Rob Levin?
How does a reference to a guy who was killed while riding a bike add to an article about bicycle safety? Is there something he was doing that sheds light on what bicycle safety is all about? I would recommend pulling this out. Jamarks (talk) 02:48, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

Bike/Lorry Collisions
In London in 2009, there was a statistically significant number of women on bikes killed by lorries. We should get some data on this, but the key thing is that large vehicles not only have big blind spots, they have even more kinetic energy. I have some pics that I can upload to illustrate this [], []. SteveLoughran (talk) 20:04, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

The article provides statistics and percentages of bicyclists killed but not dicuss if the bicyclist was at fault, wearing a helmet, acting in an unsafe manner, etc. It also mentions the fact that the first crash occured in 1842 but provides no detail so I would recomend taking that out. Overall, the article seems to be geared to bicycle safety but merely dicusses the technical improvements of the bicycle itself. This article should be more geared to true bicycle safety, for example how riders can be proactive in being safe. There was no mention of helmets, reflextive clothing, laws etc. The article also needs some updated research due to the latest study mentioned being from 2000 and before that the article discusses data from the nineteenth century. Also, what enforcement measures are being taken to help promote bicycle safety and are there not any helemt advocates? Suzanne10 (talk) 21:13, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

Discussion of vehicle safety template
You might be interested in discussion Vehicle safety template at Talk:Motorcycle. --Dbratland (talk) 02:06, 25 April 2010 (UTC)

Use of bicycle mirrors
The article does not mention bicycle-mounted or helmet-mounted rear view mirrors. In my experience, I consider such a mirror critical for avoiding collisions with vehicles approaching from the rear. Helmet-mounted mirror is superior as it generally provides much wider view, and the direction it points can be controlled by head movement. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.180.149.8 (talk) 01:05, 1 April 2013 (UTC)

Here?
Add ref ... 99.112.212.152 (talk) 06:45, 25 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Cameras Are Cyclists’ ‘Black Boxes’ in Accidents July 20, 2012 NYT
 * Penalty for Rule-Breaking Bicyclists: A Remedial Class July 23, 2012

Italian sources
If someone wants to make an article in Italian, New York City has a poster about it: WhisperToMe (talk) 06:16, 1 May 2013 (UTC)
 * http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/working-bicyclists-safety-poster-italian.pdf - http://www.webcitation.org/6GHeHY11l

Needs work
While this is a huge subject, for sure, the article as is is bitty and disorganised. It needs someone to take a firm hand and shape the framework. Yes, I know that should be me, and I will if I can. Or someone else please have a go first.58.152.150.23 (talk) 17:43, 17 May 2014 (UTC)

Pictures of dangerous cyclepath
Unfortunately the security of cyclist is sometimes neglected. I guess the pictures I recently added will point that out. Even so I wonder whether these photos are better because they leave less to imagination. One shows a female cyclist passing by unable to see what's coming at thim from a private street. The other shows a cyclist escaping from the cyclepath in order to avoid being hit by a car driver who can't see him either before the crash already happens.

I watch this already for a long time and I wonder whether this would be a topic for the local press. I mean, they are desperate to prove their raison d'être in times of the internet by sporting topics of particular local interest, aren't they? If this were in Nordhorn (it wouldn't, I'm just saying) ... Well, just have look for yourselves. Maybe I buy hedge clippers myself, according to the Categorical Imperative. Maybe the house owner would even appreciate that in private because than he succeeded in saving money and effort to have the plants clipped. NordhornerII (talk)I am not a number! I am a Nordhorner. 08:44, 9 July 2014 (UTC)

Edit warring
I have fully protected the article for 24 hours to stop the edit warring (and in an attempt to keep anyone from getting blocked). This talk page is the place to discuss your differences, explain your positions, and work out what the article should say. --MelanieN (talk) 19:53, 8 April 2015 (UTC)

 * The reason this edit is original research is:
 * WikiHow is a self-published source.
 * Even if it were reliable, the WikiHow source does not encourage riding hands free. There are no reliable sources that encourage this.
 * There is no hands free riding craze, and no evidence smartphones have cause such a craze, any more than WikiHow posts have instigated hands-free riding. Bicycling is generally becoming safer; if anything you could imagine the increase in the popularity of smart phones somehow correlates with fewer riding injuries. But in fact, we have no data, no sources, and no conclusions to draw here.
 * Riding a bike hands-free is a stunt, and by definition, stunts are risky
 * The bike manufacturer manual is a document written by lawyers to protect the company from lawsuits. It is not a real guide for riders. Real guides for riders don't worry about nagging riders not to try stunts like riding hands-free because they're written for intelligent adults.
 * 's defense for his additions was not that the sources were credible, or that the assertions were verifiable, but rather that he is "Just hoping to save some lives here", admitting that he is using Wikipedia to push his POV and publish his original research. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 22:52, 9 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Bicycle safety. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131806033500/http://www.dot.state.fl.us/safety/2A-Programs/Bicycle-Pedestrian.shtm to http://www.dot.state.fl.us/safety/2A-Programs/Bicycle-Pedestrian.shtm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:34, 19 July 2017 (UTC)

Photos
The first photo on the page, "Cyclist hit by car" is obviously just a setup of a bicycle leaning against a car. There is no damage to either, and the bicycle would not end up like that following a crash. I suggest that the photo be removed. There are plenty of better examples. Jsallen1 (talk) 11:31, 21 July 2020 (UTC)jsallen1

title: Talk:Bicycle safety


text:
Talk:Valley Pike

Blurb for DYK
Did You Know
 * ...Valley Turnpike was a toll road managed by Harry F. Byrd which followed a Native American migratory trail in the Shenandoah Valley?

title: Talk:Valley Pike


text: User:Anilocra II

title: User:Anilocra II


text:
Ivor Jones

Ivor Egwad Jones CBE (10 December 1901 – 16 November 1982) was a Welsh rugby union player who played as a back-row forward, mainly at flanker, for Llanelli and won 19 caps for Wales, three of them as captain.

Jones was born in Loughor and joined Loughor RFC after leaving school, playing his first match for them at the age of 15. After playing a few games for Swansea he moved to Llanelli in 1922. He played for Llanelli until 1938, apart from a short period with Birmingham in 1924–25, and scored more than 1,200 points for the club. He captained Llanelli from 1925 to 1928, 1930 to 1932 and 1933 to 1936, and led them to the Welsh club title three times between 1927 and 1933.

He won his first cap for Wales in 1924 against England and made his last appearance as captain against Scotland in 1930. He was selected for the British and Irish Lions on their tour to Australia and New Zealand in 1930 and played in all five tests. Jones was generally considered to have been one of the outstanding players on that tour, but was never selected for Wales again.

After retiring as a player, Jones became chairman of the Welsh selectors, President of the Welsh Rugby Union and a Justice of the Peace.

Author Peter Jackson said of him: No Lion, though, made as great an impact on New Zealand as Ivor Jones, the Llanelli back-row forward. They called him 'The King', and a few survivors of the oldest generation scattered around both islands still do. Jones, who devoted a lifetime to the service of Welsh rugby in many guises, including chairman of selectors and president, was almost a one-man team.

title: Ivor Jones


text:
TD Cowen

TD Cowen (formerly Cowen Inc.), is an American multinational investment bank and financial services division of TD Securities that operates through two business segments: a broker-dealer and an investment management division.

The company's broker-dealer division offers investment banking services, equity and credit research, sales and trading, prime brokerage, outsourced trading, global clearing and commission management services.

Cowen's investment management segment offers actively managed alternative investment products. Founded in 1918, the firm is headquartered in New York and has offices worldwide. Cowen claims it is known for successfully identifying emerging industries early on, especially the emerging cannabis industry.

Toronto-Dominion Bank acquired Cowen for US$1.3 billion in March 2023. The company was then rebranded as TD Cowen and became a division of TD Securities.

History
Founded as a bond trading house, Cowen expanded in its early years to include correspondent clearing and execution services. As the firm grew, it developed a leadership position in railroad bonds and launched a research and institutional sales business. The firm expanded significantly in the 1970s in research and retail, opening six offices from coast-to-coast and expanding its business offerings through acquisitions: Hardy & Company; Greene & Ladd; G.S. Grumman; and McCloy-Watterson & Co., Inc. In the 1980s, Cowen expanded internationally, established an investment banking business, and set up offices in London, Geneva, Paris, and Tokyo. In the 1990s, the firm grew the investment banking business, beginning with five initial public offerings and follow-ons for approximately $200 million, growing to nearly 80 transactions and $5 billion in proceeds by 1995.

In 1998, the company was acquired by Société Générale and renamed SG Cowen. In 2000, Cowen sold its private client services unit to Lehman Brothers, retaining its investment banking, research and sales and trading operations. Cowen operated as a unit of Societe Generale until 2006, when it was spun off in an initial public offering and renamed itself, Cowen and Company. Cowen, Credit Suisse and Merrill Lynch were joint bookrunners for the public offering.

On August 2, 2022, Toronto-Dominion Bank announced it had reached an agreement with Cowen to acquire it for US$1.3billion, translating to $39 per share. TD announced that Cowen chair and CEO Jeffrey Solomon would join the senior leadership of TD's securities division following the acquisition, and that the combined business will be known as TD Cowen, headed by Solomon.

Growth acquisitions

 * In 2009, the company merged with Ramius LLC to form a diversified financial services company.
 * In February 2011, Cowen acquired LaBranche & Co., a market-maker in options, exchange-traded funds and futures on various exchanges for around $200 million.
 * In 2012, Cowen acquired Algorithmic Trading Management, a provider of global multi-asset class algorithmic execution trading models, and KDC Securities, a securities lending business.
 * In March 2013, Cowen acquired Dahlman Rose & Company LLC.
 * In 2015, Cowen entered the prime services business with the acquisitions of Concept Capital Markets and Conifer Securities.
 * In 2015, Cowen acquired CRT Capital Group's credit products, credit research, special situations and emerging markets businesses.
 * In 2017, Cowen acquired Convergex, a leading agency-focused brokerage firm and trading services provider whose businesses include: equity sales and an electronic trading platform, commission management, global clearing and prime services.
 * In 2018 Cowen announced the acquisition of Quarton International, a middle-market investment banking firm.

Cowen and Company
Cowen and Company, founded in 1918, is the broker-dealer business of Cowen Inc. Cowen and Company offers a range of investment banking services, including: equity, equity-linked and debt financing's, mergers and acquisitions and advisory services. Cowen and Company also provides proprietary research, including its Ahead of the Curve series, institutional sales and trading services and prime brokerage. Cowen and Company specializes in growth sectors of the economy, including: consumer, energy, health care, industrials, info tech & services, and technology, media & telecommunications. Business units include:

 * Investment Banking
 * Research
 * Markets
 * Prime Services

Cowen Investment Management
Cowen Investment Management, founded in 1994 as Ramius, by Peter Cohen, Jeff Solomon, Morgan Stark, and Tom Strauss, is the global alternative investment management business of Cowen Inc. Cowen Investment Management offers a range of alternative investment strategies including private health care, health care royalties, real estate, activism, merger and long/short equity, and growth equity. Cowen Investment Management oversees $11 billion in assets under management as of Q1/2018.

title: TD Cowen


text:
An Echo of Hooves

An Echo of Hooves is a 2003 album by folk singer June Tabor.

There were many albums consisting entirely of Child ballads in the 60s and 70s. By the 90s, such albums became rare. This is an outstanding example from the 21st century. The "Allmusic" said of this album "A stunning jewel in a remarkable career, and one of the best things Tabor’s ever released." Three of these songs have been recorded only twice before. June's singing is relatively undemonstrative, especially considering that murder is the main theme. The instrumental accompaniment is a counterpoint to the singing, rather than directly supportive of the tunes.

Track listing

 * 1) Bonnie James Campbell (Child 210) (words: trad/ tune: Tabor)
 * 2) The Duke of Athole's Nurse (Child 212) (trad)
 * 3) The Battle of Otterburn (Child 161) (trad)
 * 4) Lord Maxwell's Last Goodnight (Child 195) (words: trad/tune: Tabor)
 * 5) Hughie Graeme (Child 191) (words:trad/tune: Tabor & Emerson)
 * 6) The Border Widow's Lament (Child 106)(trad)
 * 7) Fair Margaret and Sweet William (Child 74) (trad)
 * 8) Rare Willie (Child 215) (trad)
 * 9) Young Johnstone (Child 88) (words:trad/ tune: trad & Tabor & Simpson)
 * 10) The Cruel Mother (Child 20) (trad)
 * 11) Sir Patrick Spens (Child 58) (words:trad/ tune: trad & Tabor)

Personnel

 * June Tabor - vocals
 * Huw Warren - piano, cello, piano accordion
 * Mark Emerson - viola, violin, piano
 * Tim Harries - double bass
 * Martin Simpson - guitar
 * Kathryn Tickell - Northumbrian pipes

title: An Echo of Hooves


text:
George Placzek

George Placzek (Georg Placzek; September 26, 1905 – October 9, 1955) was a Czech physicist.

Biography
Placzek was born on September 26, 1905 into a wealthy Jewish family in Brno, Moravia, Austria-Hungary (now the Czech Republic), the grandson of Chief Rabbi Baruch Placzek. He studied physics in Prague and Vienna.

In the 1930s, Placzek was known as an adventurous person with sharp sense of humor, a tireless generator of novel physics ideas which he generously shared with his colleagues. The scope of Placzek's pilgrimage around the world's physics centres in the 1930s was unique among his colleagues. He worked with Hans Bethe, Edward Teller, Rudolf Peierls, Werner Heisenberg, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Niels Bohr, Lev Landau, Edoardo Amaldi, Emilio Segrè, Otto Frisch, Leon van Hove, and many other prominent physicists of his time. His wife, Els Placzek (Andriesse) was an ex-wife of physicist Hans von Halban. He lost all his relatives to Holocaust, casting a tragic shadow on his life.

Placzek's major areas of scientific work involved a fundamental theory of Raman scattering, molecular spectroscopy in gases and liquids, neutron physics and mathematical physics. Together with Otto Frisch, he suggested a direct experimental proof of nuclear fission. Together with Niels Bohr and others, he was instrumental in clarifying the role of Uranium 235 for the possibility of nuclear chain reaction.

During his stay in Landau's circle in Kharkiv around 1937, Placzek witnessed the brutal reality of Joseph Stalin's regime. His first-hand experience of this influenced the political opinions of his close friends, in particular, fathers of nuclear and thermonuclear bombs, Robert Oppenheimer and Edward Teller.

Later, Placzek was the only Czech with a leading position in the Manhattan project, where he worked from 1943 till 1946 as a member of the British Mission; first in Canada as the leader of a theoretical division at the Montreal Laboratory and then (since May 1945) in Los Alamos, later replacing his friend Hans Bethe as the leader of the theoretical group. Since 1948, Placzek was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, United States.

Unlike many trailblazers of nuclear physics, George Placzek did not leave his recollections or life story notes. Many new facts about Placzek's life and his family roots emerged in connection with a Symposium held in Placzek's memory. Placzek's premature death in a hotel in Zürich was very likely a suicide influenced by his long-time serious illness.

title: George Placzek


text:
User talk:Prasannavenkatesh

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Qaz  ( talk ) 10:37, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Prasannavenkatesh


text:
Dugald rail accident

The Dugald rail accident was a head-on collision between two Canadian National passenger trains on September 1, 1947, in Dugald, Manitoba, Canada, resulting in the deaths of 31 people.

Background
A westbound Canadian National Railways (CN) train, The Minaki Campers’ Special operating as Passenger Extra 6001 West, was a seasonal excursion service carrying vacationers from the Minaki region of Northwestern Ontario on the Monday evening of the Labour Day holiday weekend. It had been given orders at Malachi, Ontario, 100 mi east of Winnipeg, to meet train No. 4, the eastbound Continental Limited at Vivian. These orders were later changed, so that the meeting point was relocated 16 mi westward for a meet at Dugald, 14 mi east of Winnipeg. These second orders had been received at Elma, Manitoba. The eastbound train was led by a CN U-1-d-class 4-8-2 steam locomotive numbered 6046.

Collision and fire
By the train order operation rules then in use, Extra 6001 would use the siding at the east switch of Dugald. The conductor of the train reminded the engineer of the Dugald stop one or two miles beforehand, by the air signal line, and received the proper acknowledgement. However, Extra 6001 failed to enter the siding at the east switch, and collided head-on with the stationary eastbound train No. 4 at 9:44 p.m. at approximately 30 mph.

Extra 6001 was composed of U-1-a class 4-8-2 steam locomotive 6001, two steel baggage cars, nine wooden gas-illuminated coaches, and two steel parlour cars. After the collision, the wooden carriages of the vacation train caught fire. Strict rationing of steel during World War II had resulted in old wooden cars being kept in service until newer cars could be purchased. The collision began a series of events that caused fires fuelled by compressed gas from broken lines and tanks on the wood coaches that gutted the wooden cars and set fire to oil tanks near the tracks. With the exception of the engineer and fireman of Extra 6001, who died in the initial collision, the fatalities of this incident were caused by the fire. No fatalities occurred in the vacation train's two rear cars or on the Continental Limited. Both of the locomotives involved were rebuilt and repaired by CN after the wreck.

Inquiry
An inquiry blamed the crew of the vacationers' train for failing to obey orders. The inquiry also determined that the crew's error had been precipitated by their seeing a "clear" signal, which implied that the track ahead was clear, and that the Continental Limited dimming of its headlamp while waiting in the station lessened its visibility to the oncoming vacation train. This resulted in both the acquisition of modern rail cars and the improvement of rules regarding operations on the line.

In popular culture

 * "The Minaki Train Crash " - episode about the Dugald rail accident from the documentary Disasters of the Century (2000), aired on Canadian network History.

title: Dugald rail accident


text:
Ypogeia Revmata

Ypogeia Revmata (Υπόγεια Ρεύματα, "Underground Currents") is a Greek rock band.

History
The history of Ypogeia Revmata starts in 1992, when a company of musicians and classmates at the same time from Kallithea, Athens, Greece started playing their own songs. At that time, Grigoris, Kostas, Giannis and Panagiotis had rented a place at Psyri, Athens in order to make comfortably their performances. When Kostas started working at Melodia FM, he met the manager Dimitris Hatzopoulos, and that is when Mitsos joined the band. In 1993, manager Dimitris Hatzopoulos takes a demo of the band to Έβδομη Διάσταση (Evdomi Diastasi, Seventh Dimension) label and Ypogia Revmata start recording their first album.

In 1994, the band, after deciding their permanent name, make their first appearance in Greek discography with their first album 'Ο Μάγος Κοιτάζει την Πόλη' (O Magos Kitazei tin Poli, The Magician is Looking at the City). The sound of Ypogeia Revmata does not have anything new to offer to the rock scene, but their songs have fun, humor, catchy melodies and rhythm and lyrics written without any complex. From that album comes their classic hit 'Μ'αρέσει να μη Λεω Πολλά' (M'aresi na mi Leo Polla, I Like not Saying Much). That year, they make their first concert at 'Metro', which overwhelms with crowd.

In 1995, Markos joins the band and they release their second album 'Παραλογές' (Paraloges), a little more inflexible, but closer to the sound they wanted to approach. Kostas is in charge of remixing and sound recording, who later is going to be a member of the band.

In summer 1996, they recorded their live concert at 'Theatro Vrahon' with their new drummer Vasilis, who before releasing their third album 'Live στο Θέατρο Βράχων' (Live at Theatro Vrahon) - which marks the end of an era - loses his life in a car accident. After that tragic event, Kostas and Giannis leave the band.

In 1997, the remaining members release the darkest album of the band 'Τσαλακωμένες Μέρες' (Chalakomenes Meres, Creased Days). The missing members are replaced by Iraklis and Kostas - the sound recorder from 'Παραλογές'. Despite that, the band participates that year in the live performance of George Dalaras at 'Ιερά Οδός' (Iera Odos), where they sing two of their songs: 'Μ'αρέσει να μη Λέω Πολλά' and 'Ασημένια Σφήκα' (Asimenia Sfika, Silver Wasp).

In 1998, their next work 'Εικόνες στα Σύννεφα' (Icones sta Synnefa, Images in the Clouds) is followed, obviously better than their previous, but missing their early freshness. They cover the song 'Θαλασσογραφία' (Thalassographia, Seagraphy), which is sung by Eleni Tsaligopoulou and is included in an album with song covers of Dionysis Savvopoulos. Mitsos and Iraklis leave the band, while the other members continue participating in other albums, giving songs to artists and doing concerts in many cities.

In 1999, after Kostas's departure, a new member, Nikiforos, joins the band. During that year, they start recording their sixth album 'Μικρά που Είναι τα Όνειρα' (Micra pou Ine ta Onira, How Small Dreams Are).

After a lot of work, the album was released in 2000 including 13 new songs. During the next two years, Ypogeia Revmata sign the music of several theatrical plays, do concerts and cooperate with many other artists and bands.

In 2003 the band experienced a lot of changes in formation. Markos, Panagiotis and Nikiforos leave the band, while Tasos, Marios, Apostolis and Kostas - one of the founding members of the group - replace them. Before the year ends, Kostas leaves the band again.

For the next years, with Grigoris (guitar, vocals) being the only remaining member from the start, Tasos (drums, vocals), Marios (keyboards, vocals) and Apostolis (bass, guitar, accordion, vocals), Ypogia Revmata do a lot of concerts all over Greece, covering their older songs and trying their new material live.

In 2007, after six years of absence from discography, Ypogeia Revmata return with their new album 'Νέα Μέρα' (Nea Mera, New Day), a title that marks the new age of the band. The band shows a different sound and composition from the usual, mixing rock and lyrical elements and emphasising poetic lyrics. This new album startled many, as it has a lot of foreign elements.

title: Ypogeia Revmata


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Esker Melchior

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. --Ryan Delaney talk 02:36, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Esker Melchior
This was tagged for an A7, I (perhaps hastily) deleted it as an attack page. The creator has objected, so I'm listing it here for a transparent debate (no vote). --Doc (?) 10:41, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete VERY narrow scope. NN Qaz  ( talk ) 11:14, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Qaz  ( talk )     Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   13:28, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete first of all due to lack of notability. It may have helped slightly if it was actually funny, but this is not. -- Egil 15:43, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Un-encyclopedic; sure looks like an attack page. (I was the person who nominated this as a speedy).  While I despise the tactics of SCO, and am general a fan of including borderline-notable articles, articles on unremarkable posters on message boards don't belong on Wikipedia.  Regardless of whether this is an attack, someone wanting to give credit to a rather funny troll, or vanity--this isn't appropriate for here. --EngineerScotty 18:10, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN --Rogerd 19:02, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete The answer can only be to delete, however fond of Esker I am. However, the material could be re-sourced to a yahoo trolls page, like Slashdot_trolling_phenomena. Vryl 13:46, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Actually a pity, since I think Esker has the potential to become a phenomenon throughout forum boards all over the internet, but I agree that at this point, this is too narrow in scope. Note that it's not an attack though, everybody loves the guy as far as I can tell. --195.216.66.1 07:16, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Skin Deep

Skin Deep may refer to:

Film

 * Skin Deep (1922 film), a film by Lambert Hillyer
 * Skin Deep (1929 film), a film by Ray Enright
 * Skin Deep (1984 film), Australian film by Chris Langman and Mark Joffe
 * Skin Deep (1989 film), a film by Blake Edwards
 * Skin Deep (1995 film), a film by Midi Onodera
 * Skin Deep (2015 film), a film by Jonnie Leahy with Billie Rose Prichard
 * Skin Deep (2022 film), also known as Aus meiner Haut, a film by Alex Schaad

Television episodes

 * "Skin Deep" (General Hospital: Night Shift)
 * "Skin Deep" (Grimm)
 * "Skin Deep" (House)
 * "Skin Deep" (Law & Order)
 * "Skin Deep" (Once Upon a Time)
 * "Skin Deep" (The Outer Limits)

Music

 * Skin Deep (Louis Bellson album) (1955)
 * "Skin Deep", a composition by Louie Bellson
 * Skin Deep (Buddy Guy album) (2008)
 * Skin Deep (Solé album) (1999)
 * Skin Deep, an album by Peter Doyle, or the title song (1977)
 * "Skin Deep" (Cher song)
 * "Skin Deep" (The Stranglers song)
 * "Skin Deep", a song by Area-7 from Bitter & Twisted
 * "Skin Deep", a 1994 song by Guns n' Wankers from For Dancing and Listening
 * Skin Deep, a 2009 opera composed by David Sawer with a libretto by Armando Iannucci

Books

 * Skin Deep. The Truth About Beauty Aids – Safe and Harmful, a 1934 book by M. C. Phillips
 * Skin Deep, a 1992 graphic novel by Charles Burns
 * Skin Deep, a 1996 novel by Lois Ruby
 * Skin Deep: Inside the World of Black Fashion Models, a 1998 non-fiction book by Barbara Summers

Other uses

 * Skin Deep (cosmetics database)
 * Skin Deep (webcomic), a webcomic by Kory Bing
 * Skin Deep (video game), an upcoming video game by Blendo Games

title: Skin Deep


text:
Talk:Sephardi Hebrew

I've been under the impression that there was also a type of Sephardi Hebrew used in everyday speech.

see also: talk pages on Ashkenazi Hebrew language and Mizrahi Hebrew language

Gringo300 10:43, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Modern Israeli Hebrew is often described as "sephardic" (although it is not). Among sfaradim prior to the 1900s, the everyday languages were predominantly Judæo-Arabic and Judezmo (Ladino), and each community's pronunciation of Hebrew more or less reflected that reality... In places where variants of Judæo-Arabic were spoken, the number of consonant phonemes was generally larger and more often parallelled Teimani pronunciation (Sanaani, not overall Teimani) or the phonemic structure of the surrounding Arabic dialects, while in places where Judezmo was the spoken language, phonemes were regularly reduced to more closely match the phonemic structure of the particular Judezmo dialect, so for example, whereas in areas where Arabic speakers regularly differentiated between what are, in Hebrew, teth, taw and thaw, these distinctions might be preserved in the local Sfaradi pronunciation of Hebrew.  Judezmo, however, has but a single "t" sound, and so in such communities, the situation that has gained prominence in Israel is found:  the three different sounds are all just simply pronounced /t/.  Aside from sweeping generalizations, however, it's difficult to tack down boundaries of what constitutes "Sfaradi Hebrew" as opposed to "Modern Israeli Hebrew" or "Mizrachi Hebrew", which is why Sephardi Hebrew language is probably doomed to forever be rather stubby...  Tom e r TALK  00:32, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Need for references about Sephardi pronunciation
I've added the need for a reference in the section "Variants", because the following statements are either contradictory or puzzling:

 * 1.- Moroccan, Greek, Turkish, Balkan and Jerusalem Sephardim usually pronounce it [ie ב] as [v],

 * 2.- Jews from Spanish-speaking countries in South America, including Ashkenazim, tend to reflect this rule [i.e pronounce ב as [β] (bilabial v) when following a vowel and as [b] otherwise] in their pronunciation of Hebrew, and in Israel are sometimes taken for Sephardim for this reason.

Who is going to mistake someone for a Sephardim because he pronounces ב as [b] or [β]? You can mistake him for someone who has modern Spanish as his mother tongue but not for a Sephardim (the vast majority of Sephardim Jews are Jews of Moroccan, Greek, Turkish, Balkan and Jerusalem and their descendants) for the simple reason that most Sephardim pronounce ב as [v].

3.- Spanish and Portuguese Jews traditionally pronounced it as [b] (as do most Mizrahi Jews), though this is declining under the influence of Israeli Hebrew.

If by Spanish and Portuguese Jews it is meant Sephardim, then it contradicts with what has been said above (most Sephardim pronunce [ב] as [v]).

If it is meant Jews who live in Spain and Portugal, I can understand that modern-day Spanish Jews might not distinguish between [b] and [v], because of the influence of modern Spanish. But why would Portuguese Jews fail to make the distinction? Standard Portuguese (like most other European languages and Ladino) does distinguish between [b] and [v]. Insert non-formatted text here

title: Talk:Sephardi Hebrew


text:
Trecena

A trecena is a 13-day period used in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican calendars. The 260-day calendar (the tonalpohualli) was divided into 20 trecenas. Trecena is derived from the Spanish chroniclers and translates to "a group of thirteen" in the same way that a dozen (or in Spanish docena) relates to the number twelve. It is associated with the Aztecs, but is called different names in the calendars of the Maya, Zapotec, Mixtec, and others of the region.

Many surviving Mesoamerican codices, such as Codex Borbonicus, are divinatory calendars, based on the 260-day year, with each page representing one trecena.

title: Trecena


text:
User talk:Siutat

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- 10:45, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Siutat


text:
Smash Palace

Smash Palace is a New Zealand feature film that premiered at Cannes in May 1981 and was released theatrically in April 1982. The film chronicles a former race car driver (played by Bruno Lawrence) who inadvertently contributes to the end of his marriage, then kidnaps his daughter (Greer Robson). Lawrence's character runs a carwrecking yard in an isolated area of New Zealand's North Island.

Smash Palace was the second feature directed by Roger Donaldson. Critical acclaim in the United States won him interest from Hollywood, and the chance to direct the first of a number of films financed outside of New Zealand, The Bounty.

The soundtrack was composed and performed by New Zealand-born singer Sharon O'Neill. Smash Palace has an R16 rating.

Plot
Retired international racing driver Al Shaw returns home to take over his late father's car-wrecking yard, "Smash Palace", on the remote North Island Volcanic Plateau. Al's French-born wife Jacqui is increasingly unhappy with Al's obsession with cars and refusal to sell the yard, and fears for the future of their daughter Georgie.

Jacqui begins a relationship with Al's best friend, local police officer Ray Foley. When Al finds Jacqui and Ray together, he violently beats and rapes his wife. Jacqui leaves Al, taking Georgie with her. Jacqui subsequently takes up a job as a teacher and continues her relationship with Ray.

Al can't adjust to the separation and harasses Jacqui in his constant efforts to see his daughter. Al plans to make a racing comeback, and Jacqui forbids Al from taking Georgie to the race. In response, he destroys part of Jacqui's house with his tow truck, and is arrested. Jacqui subsequently takes out a protection order on Al to prevent him seeing Georgie.

Al sets up a hideout deep in the bush, then kidnaps Georgie from Jacqui at gunpoint. He pushes his tow truck off a cliff into a river to create a diversion for police.

Al and Georgie get reacquainted in their bush hideout, but suddenly Georgie falls ill. Al drives into town and robs a pharmacy at gunpoint, where he is spotted by a patrolling police car. He takes the pharmacist hostage and flees with her and Georgie back to Smash Palace.

Ray and Jacqui arrive at the hostage scene. Jacqui defies orders and runs through the cordon to reunite with her husband and daughter. Al hands over Georgie, and agrees to let the pharmacist go in exchange for Ray.

Cast

 * Bruno Lawrence as Al Shaw
 * Anna Jemison as Jacqui Shaw
 * Greer Robson as Georgie Shaw
 * Keith Aberdein as Ray Foley, policeman
 * Desmond Kelly as Tiny
 * Sean Duffy as Frank
 * Lyn Robson as Linda
 * Margaret Umbers as Rose
 * Roy Sturch as crash car driver
 * Buick as Jazz the dog

Production
The film was funded by the New Zealand Film Commission. When Donaldson first applied for funding, he was turned down. On a second attempt he was once again denied funding, until veteran film maker John O’Shea pointed out that Donaldson's earlier work Sleeping Dogs had been the reason the commission was founded.

One of the conditions of the film's eventual funding by the NZFC was that it be completed in time to screen at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival. This forced a tight schedule on the production team, giving only four months between the commencement of the shoot and the film's premiere.

Release and reception
Although the film was completely New Zealand financed and shot, the film was first released in the USA. The expectation was that by initially releasing in the US the film would gain positive reviews from international critics, thus encouraging local audiences, prone to a dismissal of Kiwi product as amateurish, to go and see the film. The strategy worked, with the film proving hugely successful in New Zealand.

The film won much acclaim for the performance of Bruno Lawrence, one of New Zealand's best-known actors. It was successful in its home land, and received positive reviews in the United States; Veteran critic Pauline Kael described it as "amazingly accomplished". Roger Ebert called it one of the best films of 1981, "so emotionally wise and observant that we learn from it why people sometimes make the front pages with guns in their hands and try to explain that it's all because of love". The New York Times picked it as one of its ten best movies of the year. A rare negative review came from Time Out, which dismissed the film as a "turkey" and "instantly forgettable".

At the 1982 Manila Film Festival, Bruno Lawrence received an award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Al Shaw.

Location
Much of the film was shot on location at car dismantling business Horopito Motors, which has existed on the same site since the 1940s, in the former town of Horopito near Ohakune (-39.34474°N, 175.37872°W). A scene from road movie Goodbye Pork Pie (1981) was also shot in the same location. In the 21st century, the finale of Hunt for the Wilderpeople (2016) was shot at the same site, referencing the two earlier films.

Soundtrack
A soundtrack was released in 1982, featuring five songs by New Zealand singer songwriter Sharon O'Neill. It won Best Film Soundtrack/Cast Recording/Compilation at the 1983 New Zealand Music Awards.

title: Smash Palace


text:
User talk:Cmcole

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Qaz  ( talk ) 10:46, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Cmcole


text: User talk:85.250.94.165

title: User talk:85.250.94.165


text:
Talk:Merna Kennedy

Birth Record and 1910 Census
I found her birth record from the Kankakee Historical Society, and her name was "Merna Kahler" and not Maude. Her mother's name was Maude:

Kahler 	Merna 	John Edward & Maud Myrtle Reed 6 	273

title: Talk:Merna Kennedy


text:
Roger Brierley

David Roger Brierley (2 June 1935 – 23 September 2005) was an English actor. He appeared in dozens of television productions over a forty-year period.

Career
Brierley twice appeared in Doctor Who, as Trevor in The Daleks' Master Plan (1965) and as the voice of Drathro in The Mysterious Planet (1986).

Brierley appeared in the biopic Jinnah based on the life of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, in The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin (1976) as Mr. Thoneycroft in episode 6, and in the Granada television series Jeeves and Wooster as Sir Roderick Glossop.

Brierley played the part of Osborne in the 1977 episode "Suddenly At Home" in the TV series Rising Damp. He was also in an Only Fools and Horses episode in 1982 ("Diamonds Are for Heather").

Brierley portrayed Michael Palin's Latin teacher in a 1979 episode of Ripping Yarns entitled Roger of the Raj. In 1987 he played Reverend Phelps in East of Ipswich, also written by Palin. In 1988 he appeared with Palin and John Cleese in A Fish Called Wanda as Archie Leach's secretary, Davidson.

Brierley worked on several occasions with Victoria Wood such as in her play Nearly a Happy Ending, in the early series Wood and Walters and her 1994 TV film Pat and Margaret. In a nod to her previous work with Brierley, Wood named a character after him in her 2006 TV film Housewife, 49.

Brierley'a later work also included portraying John Biffen in the TV dramatisation of The Alan Clark Diaries (2004). He also played the hotel manager in "Mr. Bean in Room 426".

Personal life
Brierley was a supporter of Manchester United and was a founding member of Shareholders United Against Murdoch.

Death
Brierley died of a heart attack on 23 September 2005.

title: Roger Brierley


text:
A Mother's Gift

A Mother's Gift is a 2001 novel by American singer Britney Spears and her mother Lynne Spears. It is their second book together, following 2000's Heart to Heart. The novel is loosely based on Britney's life. Popular reactions to the novel in spaces like Amazon were mixed.

Plot
The story is about a 14-year-old girl named Holly Faye Lovell from a tiny, rural town called Biscay in the U.S. state of Mississippi. She is accepted as a scholarship student into the exclusive Haverty School of Performing Arts, and the story revolves around Holly's life in Haverty, where she is the poorest student, and her relationship with her mother, Wanda.

Film adaptation
The book was adapted for a 2004 ABC Family television film titled Brave New Girl (the new title comes from a song on Britney's 2003 album In the Zone). Although the plot was drastically changed, Britney was included as an executive producer of the film.

title: A Mother's Gift


text:
User:Nopol10

This is Nopol10. I like to use babel tags so look to your right!

My contributions
PSLE

Cooling curve

Images
None so far...

title: User:Nopol10


text:
Meatmen

Meatmen may refer to:
 * The Meatmen, an American punk band
 * Meatmen (comics), a comics anthology

title: Meatmen


text:
User:Marianelovici

Sper sa putem colbaora impreuna ca sa fie bine pentru ambele parti si sa putem avea o colaborare cat mai lunga pe viitor.Eudoresc sa fiu respectat si sa nus e stearga ceea ce scriu eu.Daca se va intampla asa nu are rost sa mai continuam.Sper s imi ziceti daca se va intampla asta sa nu mai trimit articole.Vamultumesc--Marianelovici 10:51, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Marianelovici


text:
Talk:Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams

Discussion at Talk:Tirumala Venkateswara Temple
You are invited to join the discussion at Talk:Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]]. Pavan 23:16, 11 April 2012 (UTC) Please participate in the RFC discussion of whether Thondaiman has built the Tirumala Temple. Pavan 23:16, 11 April 2012 (UTC)

Expansion ideas
--Vyzasatya 10:51, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * How TTD came into existence?
 * Before TTD who used to take care of Temple?
 * Role of TTD
 * Maintenence and Infrstructure of TTD
 * Technology introduced in maintaining the temple
 * Other activities of TTD

hi —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.88.11.74 (talk) 07:09, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams