text:
User talk:Gryffindor/Archive2

''Please do not edit. This is an archive page.''

Barnstars
Hi, Gryffindor. Actually, Barnstars are very informal. Anyone can give them, anyone can get them. You just have to select the appropriate award on this page and post it on the talk page of the person you want to give it to. We actually have a template to make it easier for those who want to give Barnstars. When giving them, just write. Generally, we try to stick to the award's described scope, but there have been cases of people awarding Barnstars off their given topic — notice, however, that some awards have a very wide, inclusive scope, so really there are no clear boundaries for their scope; other Barsntars have a more defined area to which they "apply". There's really just two limitations: 1)If a user tags his/her talk page as a "Barnstar-free zone", this means that the user in question does not wish to receive any Barnstar, so we must respect that person's wishes; 2)We don't award Barnstars to anon contributors, not because they don't deserve it, but rather for a practical reason: we'd have to post the Barnstar in the IP address talk page, and since those are often shared by several, or even many users, it becomes very difficult to determine who's really getting the Barnstar. Also, when you award a Barnstar, we usually keep track of givers and recipients through a list kept in the award's image page, and the giver of the award is usually the one who adds the name of the recipient to that list. If you have an idea for a Barnstar that doesn't exist currently, you can propose its creation here. Again, anyone can propose a new Barnstar; the people who contribute regularly in this particular forum (I'm one of them) will give you feedback on your idea, maybe make suggestions to improve it, etc. Well, I think I've covered all the bases. If you need any other explanations, I'm at your disposal. Regards, Redux 02:48, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

Hello
I see you joined the Vienna project! Welcome to Wikipedia. If you have any question about how to use the templates or anything else, feel free to ask. The Vienna project is surely moving ahead, and it's been a great effort between Austrians, various students of the German language, and others in love with the city... Best, Tfine80 19:54, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

PS -- I didn't notice your talk archive, so I assumed you were completely new... Excuse me, but glad to have initiated your acquaintance anyway... :) Tfine80 19:57, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

styles
I've proposed a possible solution to end the style wars. you opinions are most welcome. The discussion is at Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style (biographies)/Style War proposed solution. FearÉIREANN\(caint) 03:43, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

The Schlegel sisters and my quiz
Hi, I was on holiday and didn't see your message earlier. Sorry.

No, I dont have any other images from Howards End. Sorry again.

Thanks for trying to answer my quiz. Well done, but let me just give you a few more hints: Look at Teddy Kollek, Atom Heart Mother, Klopotec, and The Missionary Position (as opposed to the lower case "missionary position")! All the best,  20:39, August 14, 2005 (UTC)

Japanese names
Gryff, thanks for your email. I've added some detail to some Japanese name disambiguation pages, but yes, there are many that could use more information. If you're interested in Japanese names and characters, a good resource is Jim Breen's WWWJDIC. You can lookup names (in enamdict) and kanji characters for their meanings. Unfortunately, the name lookup does not provide popularity ranking data. Cheers. --ChrisRuvolo (t) 23:35, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your response ChrisRuvolo, I took a look "WWWJDIC".. chō muzukashi :-) demo domou, it's a good resource. What happened with the List of Japanese given names? I thought I saw one once, or was that a category? Gryffindor [[Image:Flag of Austria (state).svg|20px]] 17:24, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * No problem. That article has been transwikied to Wiktionary.  For the category, see: Category:Japanese given names.  Not all of the given names have been moved into this category from Category:Japanese names yet.  --ChrisRuvolo (t) 19:08, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Elisabeth of Bavaria
Hello, I don't know if you have the Elisabeth_of_Bavaria article on your watchlist, but someone recently made an entry there that, whilst it has some valid points that maybe could be integrated into the article, basically rewrites the article (i.e. gives biographical details that are already included at the top). It also has non-standardised spelling and improper source citing. Some more minor things are referring to the Wittelsbacher line as 'eccentric' (which, true or not, probably belongs in the Wittelsbacher article), Elisabeth being 'sexually frigid', and her being 'virtually raped on her wedding-night'. I'm pretty new at wiki, and I have no idea how to fix this. Should it be reverted, or integrated into the article? Certainly, some parts are valid for someone who might be interested in them, but I think they need to be rewritten (the assassination part includes a possible earlier attempt which should probably be included, but the bit about Jane Addams confuses me). Any ideas? I can help or even do it, I just need a little direction as I am unexperienced with these things. Thanks! (Maaya 00:17, 23 August 2005 (UTC))
 * Danke für Ihren Weisungen. Ich habe den Text kopiert und auf den Diskussion page eingefügt. (Maaya 13:33, 23 August 2005 (UTC))

Japanese emperors
Hello Gryffindor. I noticed that you moved Emperor Nijo to Emperor Nijo of Japan. The consensus that we reached was to leave the "of Japan" off the titles. And in fact, an administrator and I have already moved the first 49 emperors to the proper titles. We will be moving the rest hopefully in the next couple of days. Thanks. -Jefu 23:09, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * I got your message. Sorry it wasn't clearer. It's such a long discussion it's hard to know exactly what was said...But at the bottom of the page there are several references regarding naming the emperors just "Emperor X" and several people specifically mention the desire to remove the "of Japan" with only one person, PBS, mildly against the idea. -Jefu 23:58, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

Answer
Hi Gryffindor. I don't have a registered e-mail account right now, but this is best out in the open: the answer is only one, start a RfC on the user. You'll be required to inform him of this, so that he can defend himself. When everything else failed and the problem persists, Conflict Resolution is the only possible answer. Mind the requested format, present evidence (links, diffs) of your claims. If others are also annoyed by this, let them know, so that they can participate their views. Many Admins monitor RfCs, so you'll be calling qualified, neutral attention to the problem, and appropriate measures will be taken to solve it. Regards, Redux 04:05, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd say yes. You could even get the help of some of the users who are being regularly harassed in constructing the RfC.  Regards, Redux 11:52, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Duff Cooper
Hello there. I noticed your vote on Talk:Duff Cooper, 1st Viscount Norwich, and I was hoping you could further explain it. The policy on naming conventions specifically allows for the exception I and others are proposing: "EXCEPTIONS: When individuals received hereditary peerages after retiring from the post of Prime Minister (unless they are better known for their later career under an additional/alternative title), or for any other reason are known exclusively by their personal names, do not include the peerage dignity. Examples: Anthony Eden (not 'Anthony Eden, 1st Earl of Avon'), Bertrand Russell (not 'Bertrand Russell, 3rd Earl Russell') (but Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth not 'Henry Addington')." Given that Duff Cooper is exclusively referred to without his peerage, it seems to me and others that this exception applies. Best, Mackensen (talk) 15:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

I'm afraid that the matter is somewhat complicated; I'll do my best to explain the situation. It's policy to note hereditary peerages at least in the beginning of the article, if not in the article title itself. However, not all hereditary peers (or life peers like Thatcher) were known by their peerages. A prime example of this was Bertrand Russell. Still others became peers very late in life and were always known by their previous name (before becoming a peer). Many of us feel that Duff Cooper is a good example of this happening; another is Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, who became the Marquess of Londonderry about a year before his suicide. No one refers to him as Lord Londonderry. The purpose of the policy is to strike a balance between factual/historical accuracy and common usage. This is usually only an issue with men and women born in the last hundred years or so. Mackensen (talk) 00:31, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Hawaiian Monarchs
Do you still disagree with the current naming of Hawaiian monarchs? I noticed you readded the move templates to Liliuokalani and Lunalilo. We're discussing the issue right now and I'm rather curious as to why you object to these article locations. If you want, you're welcome to join the discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Hawaii/Manual of Style. 青い(Aoi) 18:07, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * You haven't explained why you favor options 2, 3, and 4 and oppose option 1. Please do so at the location above. 青い(Aoi) 18:37, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * My comment on the Manual of Style talk page does not constitute a personal attack. I'm just saying that your thinking is flawed, e.g. wrong. You stated that using options 2, 3, or 4 would make Hawaii articles similar to other monarchs listed in Wikipedia when in reality this isn't true. There are no monarchs that I know of which use the titles, "King" or "Queen" in article titles involving regnant monarchs. By using options 2 and 3, you are degrading Liliuokalani, for example, to the status of a Queen consort. This is even more disrespectful than simply calling her "Liliuokalani," which leaves me surprised since you keep using "respect" as a reason for proposing to move these articles around.
 * Either way, you have still not yet indicated why you favor options 2, 3, and 4 and why you refuse to accept an option that seven other users prefer. Please explain on the manual of style talk page because you are the user who refuses to let this issue go to rest. If your reasons are compelling, we will be more than willing to compromise or even bow out. 青い(Aoi) 04:31, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Wikiproject Indian cities
Welcome to Wikiproject Indian cities. Our goal is to improve all Indian cities and towns. If you need any assistance, feel free to message me. =Nichalp  «Talk»=  17:46, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for messaging me. We Indian wikipedians lack long term contributors. There's just a handful of us. Let me know your plans when you get the time. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  17:58, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

Bevan Spencer von Einem
I did a Google search and the results are identical with or without capitalisation - You'd expect that, because Google isn't case-sensitive. I made a best guess based on existing spellings on Wikipedia and a skim of major web accounts (even official Australian accounts aren't consistent on "v" vs "V") - plus you never know what people do with name spellings once they're outside the country of origin. But if you think it's majorly wrong, I won't contest a revert of title. Tearlach 18:19, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Emperor Jimmu
Hi. I've been off-line for a few days and only just saw your message. Are you happy with the present location of the article? There doesn't seem to have been any discussion, either before or after the move. Deb 18:54, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * There was no discussion on each emperor's page specifically; rather, the topic was considered en masse at Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style (Japan-related articles). Noel (talk) 20:10, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Talk page deletion
Thanks for the explanation, and I have no concerns now. Noel (talk) 13:53, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Images
Hi Gryffindor. About the first question: I'm afraid that any copyrighted image you doctor would still be copyrighted, and thus not usable on Wikipedia, unless if covered by Fair Use or with permission of the copyrights holder. The product of your editing the image would still have the same status as the original. If, despite that, you believe it can be used, you'd have to quote the permission on the image page (if used with permission) or tag it as a Fair use image (use the tag: ). Otherwise, the image will just wound up being deleted. About the second question: First, copyrights from 1955 still stand, but notice that if the copyrights would belong to the U.S. government (as you mentioned the Library of Congress), the image is on public domain, since the US government cannot hold copyrights — in this case, use the tag. In any case, if you have reason to believe that the image is on public domain, explain why on the image's page, and tag it as PD with the tag I mentioned above. Does that answer everything? Regards, Redux 23:24, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Maria al-Quibtiyya (Maria the Copt)
Just why does that article qualify as a member of Christian interfaith and secular relations? Surely there will be hundreds of Christian converts to Islam with bios on Wikipedia, and I can't believe that you're listing all of them in that category. I felt I should ask you why you added the category before I just deleted it. Zora 04:56, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Muslim women would be a much better category, as Maria is said to have converted before she was even "delivered" to Muhammad. Of course, by law that would have meant she was no longer a slave, but the early accounts take no notice of such quibbling inconsistencies as that. I will make the change. Zora 23:19, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Maria is said to have been a Copt, an Egyptian Monophysite Christian, but according to Al-Tabari she converted to Islam. Since we know absolutely nothing about her life prior to the time she was given as a gift to Muhammad, it would be completely inappropriate to emphasize her "Coptishness". She enters history as a Muslim. Zora 23:33, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * If you want to start a category, "Copts in history" or some such, I suppose you could add Maria to it. But would Copts agree that she belongs on the list? From what I know about Copt-Muslim relations in Egypt, they're not friendly right now. Copts might see her as a traitor. That said, I'll leave it to the Copts to protest. Zora 00:33, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

Ministers-President
I think "Ministers-President" is correct, like "Attorneys-General." The person is a minister who presides over cabinet meetings, not a president who is a minister. That is to say - president here functions, I think, as an adjective, and not as a noun. But I'm not completely certain of this. Here, however, is the OED definition of president as an adjective: ''That presides or occupies the chief place; presiding, superintending. (Sometimes hyphened, as if attrib. use of prec.)'' This usage is noted as now being rare, but I think it is still the usage which is meant in the term "minister-president". There are 12000 hits on google for "ministers-president" (when one excludes wikipedia hits), and only 874 for "minister-presidents." On the other hand, "Minister-presidents" seems to be commonly used on official German government sites. But I think that this is because "Minister-presidents" corresponds more closely to the German. In English, I think it should probably be "Ministers-President." But I'm not 100% sure of that. john k 22:57, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

I'm relatively unconcerned about which we use - it seems as though both are used fairly commonly, and I can't find anything which would tell me what the correct title is. It is, after all, a translation of a title mostly used in German- and related languages-speaking countries, and in those languages they pluralize president (or seem to). So whatever you want to do seems okay with me, at least until we can be more clear on it. john k 23:18, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Just saw this by accident, some further ideas in this respect:
 * Webster's (printed international edition 1981) accepts both ministers-president and minister-presidents. The dictionary entry further only refers to the German ones.
 * In Dutch (that is at least for the Flemish ones, and for those of the Netherlands), both "minister" and "president" are plural. The official organisation that goes over correct spelling in Dutch everywhere it is spoken, had a separate advise on this, remarking that "minister" and "president" are usually experienced equally important in this context, but goes on that depending on circumstance and importance each of the composants of the word, "ministers-president" or "minister-presidenten" might be acceptable. reference on the "Taalunie" website - note however that in English "ministers-presidents" appears not to exist, although that's difficult to filter out by google-search.
 * The European Union apparently rather uses Minister-Presidents for all those that are "minister-president" in the EU, for example this webpage in English announcing a meeting of such minister-presidents on the "Council of Europe" website (which is one of the official EU websites) has this form of the plural several times on the page: http://www.coe.int/T/E/Clrae/_6._Colloquies,_seminars,_Forums/16_edimburg_5_REGLEG.asp
 * --Francis Schonken 13:35, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

The charter is here. (Relating to Esperanza)
Hello Gryffindor, the Charter for Esperanza is up. Take a looksie :) R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 02:38, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

Esperanza made less bureaucratic
Hello again, I have (unilatterly) taken away the 'assembly' idea, as per my reasons at that edit summary and per Wikipedia talk:Esperanza/Charter. I have left the admin general, as some leadership is good. Now, all you have to do is be a member to establish consensus, the whole assembly idea is gone. Also, I have added an advisory committee, of four members, with limited power besides watching over the admin general and making sure he doesn't do anything stupid. Please look at the ammended charter, and I would love a comment. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:12, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

The last time I'm spamming you all with Esperanza stuff
Hello Gryffindor. As you may or may not know, there have been some troubles with Esperanza. So now, as a last ditch to save the community, please vote at Esperanza/Reform on all neccisary polls. P.S. I'm very sorry for spamming you all with these messages, and this will be the last time. I recommend putting ESP on your watchlist. Cheers and please look at that, let's stop the civil war then. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 02:45, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

Palace
The word Summer must be kept because that's how the buiding is called. There was also a winter palace (either in Bratislava or Trnava, I have no time to check it). Secondly, the building could be called Archbishop's Summer Palace in Slovak, as well, but it is not, therefore actually I do not feel that any change is necessary. On the other hand, if you really feel that Summer Archbishop's Palace sounds like [Summer Archbishop]'s Palace, then you are free to change it (however you should check English origin web pages to see whether the Archbishop's Summer Palace combination exists at all - note that this is an official NAME and you should be able to find at least some occurrencies, ie. sources, in such cases).Juro 14:15, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Thak's for your helping me, and...
Hi Gryffinder,

I'm wrinting to you too thank you for helping me too, like your friend the user Journalist, because I left a message to redwolf, but he was quite busy to anwser, us you also say in your message so I'm thanking you for all the help. Again, sorry for my inglish. Well I still have some problems to put a good photo in that article about Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg, sorry for this, but I'm a great fan of her, if you could help me about just that I would be greatful to you. Well thank's again for everything

Goncalves67 18:11, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

P.S. And if the photos are from a magazine that I have, or mine?, How can I use them? Sorry again......

Esperanza
I was indeed a founding member; worry not, I've rejoined the association. I withdrew in the midst of the controversey over JCarriker & Redwolf24. Now that things have settled down, I'm back. -- Essjay ·  Talk 23:07, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Mediation
Hello, Gryffindor! Thanks for your support of my mediation committee nomination; I'm pleased to announce that I'm now an official mediator. Thanks once again. Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk | WS 20:36, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

Species 8472 Images
Sorry, I don't have any other images of them. I don't really work on the Star Trek pages much anymore since I got sick of the stupid arguments I used to get into with other Wiki editors, so I been doing other subjects. Cyberia23 22:45, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Hello Spamlist!
Ah, my first ever spam mass produced and mailed to the spamlist. Well first of all let me re-state that we have an irc channel, #wp-esperanza, and its been rather empty, so I'd appreciate it if you come, even if you just idle about. Now, the evil polls have closed, and I left a justification note for running the evil polls. Nothing has really changed, but at least I have somewhat of a consensus. I hope to figure out a way to overturn my power to JCarriker somehow, I'll figure out a way :-) Meanwhile, I've been busy reforming the mediation system where I am the chairman now, er, acting chairman. Enjoy your spam, with extra vikings. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:37, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Resignation
Hello spam list, look at this. Essjay is the new leader of Esperanza, and I'm interested in seeing how he runs it. I'm busy doing other work... Please comment at that talk page there. I will still probably run the spamlist though. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:58, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Advisory Committee election deadline set
Our new admin general, Essjay, has set the date for the advisory committee elections, that date being October 7th. By UTC it is October 5th right now. So see WP:ESP/E for voting in two days, and add yourself to the list if you're interested in running. On a personal note, I'm considering running, as I only resigned as admin general because of time. I'm sure I could help out on the advisory committee... Anywho, watchlist that page, and be sure to read the voting method too. Regards, R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 01:08, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gryffindor/Archive2


text:
Talk:1984 NHL entry draft

Collateral damage in diacritics edit war
The constant reversal of the natively spelled names of people with diacritics in their names has also caused two names to be misspelled not because of diacritics. Ari Haanpää's name ends with only two vowels. Even if you insist the letter ä is a redudant Euro-snobby luxury, the spelling "Haanpaaa" is incorrect in any language. Even more importantly, there are no such names as "Jartto" or "Piipatinen". The guy's name is Jarkko Piiparinen. I get 605 Google hits with the correct spelling and 8 with the incorrect one, all from Wikipedia mirrors. J I P | Talk 16:46, 11 July 2006 (UTC)
 * good point, i got a little trigger happy. For that i apologise. Masterhatch 17:47, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

These redlinked draft picks meet WP:NHOCKEY

 * Mark Teevens - 2
 * Tommy Eriksson (ice hockey) - 1
 * Miroslav Maly (Q1938439) - 2
 * Jiri Poner (Q1689822) - 2
 * Timo Lehkonen (Q1557538) - 1
 * Mats-Ake Lundstrom - 1
 * Scott Schneider (ice hockey) - 2
 * Joel Paunio (Q11866517) - 1
 * Randy Hansch - 3
 * Ivan Dornic (ice hockey, born 1962) (Q3156092) - 1
 * Kevan Melrose - 2
 * Henrik Cedergren (Q5605528) - 1
 * Timo Iljina (Q5401471) - 1
 * Heikki Riihijarvi (Q16990120) - 1
 * Vladimir Kames (ice hockey, born 1964) (Q11905954) - 1
 * Lars Karlsson (ice hockey, born 1966) (Q6141836) - 1
 * Urban Nordin - 1
 * Ralph DiFiore - 6
 * Ville Kentala (Q11901532) - 1
 * Joakim Pehrson - 1
 * Jarkko Piiparinen (Q16989824) - 1
 * Stefan Jonsson (ice hockey) (Q28974270) - 1
 * Brian Martin (ice hockey) - 3
 * Peter Slanina (Q12044764) - 1
 * Per Schederin - 1

Note: Articles must also meet WP:GNG. --75.88.89.194 (talk) 17:02, 1 December 2021 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:NHL Entry Draft which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 01:03, 14 April 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:1984 NHL entry draft


text:
Mr. Bubble

Mr. Bubble is an American brand of bubble bath products manufactured by The Village Company. Created by Harold Schafer in 1961, it is the #1 brand of bubble bath products in the United States. In addition to the flagship bubble bath formula, the line includes body wash, shampoo, conditioner, bath bombs, hand soap and baby wipes. The Mr. Bubble brand would also become well known for its advertisements, most famously featuring bright and colorful cartoon depictions of the Mr. Bubble character in humorous settings.

History
Mr. Bubble was invented by Harold Schafer who, through his love of helping his children during bath time, envisioned a low cost powdered bubble bath product to be sold at grocery stores and pharmacies. The idea for the name "Mr. Bubble" came after Schafer heard a late-night radio ad for foam cleaner Mr. Clean. It was first manufactured by his Gold Seal Company in North Dakota in 1961 and sold for 59 cents ($5.85 in 2022). Due to the cost being too high for the intended market of families at the time, the product quickly flopped. After working with suppliers to lower the cost to 39 cents ($3.86 in 2022 money), combined with its now famous commercials, Mr. Bubble soon catapulted to worldwide success. In 1972, the company introduced the now-standard liquid bubble bath bottles.

Gold Seal continued to manufacture and distribute Mr. Bubble until 1986 when it was sold to Airwick Industries, then a division of Reckitt & Colman. R&C sold the brand to J. W. Childs Assoc. as a part of their Personal Care Group, Inc., and Playtex Products acquired the Personal Care Group in 1997. Ascendia Brands, Inc. purchased Mr. Bubble in 2005 from Playtex Products. Ascendia Brands, Inc. later filed for bankruptcy, which was when The Village Company acquired the Mr. Bubble brand in August 2008.

In 2011, Mr. Bubble celebrated its 50th anniversary with a party at the North Dakota State Capitol hosted by former governor Ed Schafer, the son of Harold Schafer, as well as a redesigned mascot.

Appearances in popular media

 * In the Family Guy episode "If I'm Dyin', I'm Lyin'", the Griffin family is being cursed with the plagues. This includes the tub water turning to blood, to which Stewie Griffin comments, "How positively delightful! It's as if someone stabbed Mr. Bubble!"
 * In The Simpsons episode "My Sister, My Sitter", Lisa tells Bart that he can use Mr. Bubble to wash his hands and says "It's like giving your fingers a bubble bath."
 * Eddie Murphy mentions it on his 1983 TV stand-up show Eddie Murphy Delirious.
 * It is also mentioned in the 1987 film Gold Through the Fire.
 * It is conspicuously placed sticking out the top of a grocery sack as it is being carried in the house in the 1996 comedy film Ed starring Matt LeBlanc.
 * The powdered version can be seen in Everybody Loves Raymond, Season 3 Episode 17, while Frank is in the hot tub.
 * The powdered version can also be seen in the 1982 horror film The Entity, when Carla Moran (Barbara Hershey) is going to take a hot bath.
 * Mr. Bubble makes a cameo behind the head of Navin Johnson (Steve Martin) during a bathroom scene in the movie The Jerk.
 * Mr. Bubble can be seen behind the Dude (Jeff Bridges) in The Big Lebowski.
 * Mr. Bubble made an appearance in the Clint Eastwood film Gran Torino.
 * Mr. Bubble is the subject of a segment in the season 9 episode of Robot Chicken "Why Is It Wet?"

title: Mr. Bubble


text:
Monocarpic

Monocarpic plants are those that flower and set seeds only once, and then die.

The term is derived from Greek (, "single" +, "fruit" or "grain"), and was first used by Alphonse de Candolle. Other terms with the same meaning are hapaxanth and semelparous. The antonym is polycarpic, a plant that flowers and sets seeds many times during its lifetime; the antonym of semelparous is iteroparous. Plants which flower en masse (gregariously) before dying are known as plietesials. The term hapaxanth is most often in conjunction with describing some of the taxa of Arecaceae (palms) and some species of bamboo, but rarely used otherwise; its antonym is pleonanth. This was first used by Alexander Braun.

Monocarpic plants are not necessarily annuals, because some monocarpic plants can live a number of years before they will flower. In some monocarpic plants, flowering signals senescence, while in others the production of fruits and seeds causes changes within the plants which lead to death. These changes are induced by chemicals that act as hormones, redirecting the resources of the plants from the roots and leaves to the production of fruits and or seeds.

The century plant in the genus Agave, some terrestrial bromeliads of the genus Puya, Tillandsia utriculata, some yuccas, and many bamboos can take 8 to 20 years or in the case of some bamboos even over 100 years to bloom and then die. Hawaiian silverswords and their relatives in the genus Wilkesia may take 10–50 years before flowering.

Monocot plant families that include monocarpic species include Agavaceae, Araceae, Arecaceae, Bromeliaceae, Musaceae, and Poaceae. Dicot plant families that include monocarpic species include Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, and Fabaceae. Few dicot shrubs with multiple branching and secondary growth species have been described. Those that have include Strobilanthes species, Cerberiopsis candelabrum, Tachigali versicolor and other Tachigali species.

Some monocarpic plants can be kept alive if the flowers are removed as soon as they have finished blooming before seed formation begins, or if the flower buds are removed before they begin blooming.

title: Monocarpic


text:
Lambda Aquarii

Lambda Aquarii, informally known as Hydor, is a variable star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. The name is Latinized from the Bayer designation λ Aquarii. The apparent visual magnitude of this star ranges from 3.57 down to 3.80, which is bright enough to be visible with the naked eye. It lies just 0.39 degrees south of the ecliptic and so is subject to lunar occultations. The star is eclipsed by the sun from about 1-4 March; thus the star can be viewed the whole night, crossing the sky, in early September, in the current epoch. Lambda Aquarii is located at a distance of 365 ly from the Sun based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −10.5 km/s.

The stellar classification of Lambda Aquarii is M2.5 IIIa Fe–1, indicating this is an aging red giant star with an underabundance of iron showing in its spectrum. This star is on the asymptotic giant branch and is generating energy through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen and helium along concentric shells surrounding an inert core of carbon and oxygen. With 3.6 times the mass of the Sun, it has expanded to 100 times the Sun's radius. It is classified as slow irregular variable and pulsation periods of 24.5, 32.0, and 49.5 days have been identified. On average, it is radiating nearly 1,600 times the luminosity of the Sun from the photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,702 K.

Naming
Hydor is from Greek Ὕδωρ "water", a name given by Proclus, according to Richard Hinckley Allen. Another Greek name for the star is Ekkhysis, from εκχυσις "outpouring".

In Chinese, 壘壁陣 (Lěi Bì Zhèn), meaning Line of Ramparts, refers to an asterism consisting of λ Aquarii, κ Capricorni, ε Capricorni, γ Capricorni, δ Capricorni, ι Aquarii, σ Aquarii, φ Aquarii, 27 Piscium, 29 Piscium, 33 Piscium and 30 Piscium. Consequently, λ Aquarii itself is 壘壁陣七 (Lěi Bì Zhèn qī, the Seventh Star of Line of Ramparts.)

title: Lambda Aquarii


text:
Vasco da Gama (disambiguation)

Vasco da Gama (c. 1460s–1524) was a Portuguese explorer.

Vasco da Gama may also refer to:

Places

 * Vasco da Gama, Goa, India
 * Vasco da Gama railway station
 * Vasco da Gama (crater), lunar crater

Ships

 * Vasco da Gama class frigate, class of frigates of the Portuguese Navy, including,
 * NRP Vasco da Gama (F330)
 * Vasco da Gama (cruiser) 1876–1936, ironclad and later cruiser of the Portuguese Navy
 * CMA CGM Vasco de Gama, a container ship
 * Vasco da Gama (cruise ship)

Sports clubs

 * CR Vasco da Gama, a sports club from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
 * Associação Desportiva Vasco da Gama, a football club from Rio Branco, Brazil
 * Vasco SC, a football club from Goa, India
 * NITEL Vasco Da Gama F.C., a football club from Enugu, Nigeria
 * Vasco da Gama (South Africa), a football club from Cape Town
 * Bridgeport Vasco da Gama, a soccer club from Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States

Structures

 * Vasco da Gama Bridge, near Lisbon, Portugal
 * Vasco da Gama Tower, Lisbon, Portugal

Other uses

 * Vasco da Gama (council speaker) (born 1959), South African politician
 * L'Africaine, an opera by Meyerbeer with the working title Vasco de Gama [sic], published in a critical edition by Ricordi in 2018 under that latter name

title: Vasco da Gama (disambiguation)


text:
Arvid Harnack

Arvid Harnack (24 May 1901 – 22 December 1942) was a German jurist, Marxist economist, Communist, and German resistance fighter in Nazi Germany. Harnack came from an intellectual family and was originally a humanist. He was strongly influenced by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe but progressively moved to a Marxist-Socialist outlook after a visit to the Soviet Union and the Nazis' appearance. After starting an undercover discussion group based at the Berlin Abendgymnasium, he met Harro Schulze-Boysen, who ran a similar faction. Like numerous groups in other parts of the world, the undercover political factions led by Harnack and Schulze-Boysen later developed into an espionage network that supplied military and economic intelligence to the Soviet Union. The group was later called the Red Orchestra (Rote Kapelle) by the Abwehr. He and his American-born wife, Mildred Fish, were executed by the Nazi regime in 1942 and 1943, respectively.

Life
Harnack's family were prominent and academically gifted Protestant Germans from the Baltic region. His father was literary history professor Otto Harnack and his mother was Clara Harnack (née Reichau), an artist. Reichau was the granddaughter of Justus von Liebig, one of the principal founders of organic chemistry. Harnack's siblings were Falk Harnack, his elder brother; Inge Harnack; and Angela Harnack, a violin teacher. Harnack was the nephew of theologian Adolf von Harnack.

In 1919 he became a member of the Freikorps, a volunteer militia. From 1919 to 1923 he studied law at the Friedrich Schiller University, the University of Graz, and the University of Hamburg; he became a Doctor of Law in 1924. He completed postgraduate studies in economics in Hamburg and the London School of Economics before being awarded a Rockefeller scholarship to study at the University of Wisconsin. In Madison, Wisconsin, Harnack was influenced by the industrial economist and labor historian John R. Commons, and saw him as a mentor.

In 1926, Harnack met American literary historian Mildred Fish, also a graduate student at the Wisconsin University, after Harnack wandered into the wrong lecture hall. After a brief friendship and romance, they were engaged on 6 June 1926 and married on 7 August 1926. The couple met Margaretha "Greta" Lorke, a German student of sociology, at a Friday evening gathering organized by Commons in Madison. A friendship that lasted for many years developed between Mildred and Lorke, the latter being drawn into an intimate group of Wisconsin radicals known as the Friday Niters Club. According to a fellow student and member of the group, Hazel Briggs Rice, the Friday Niters Club members considered themselves to be liberal Progressives. Lorke later married Adam Kuckhoff. The Harnacks' Friday Niters Club was a preface to their involvement in what became known as the Sacco and Vanzetti case, which became a cause célèbre. Many in the group protested the planned execution of the pair, and Arvid petitioned the governor to create a committee to investigate the controversy. The trial radicalised the Harnacks.

At the end of the semester in March 1928, Arvid returned to Germany, as his fellowship had ended, while Mildred stayed for another year to complete her studies before moving to Germany on 2 June 1929, at which point the couple lived in the small university towns of Jena and Giessen. In 1931, Arvid was promoted to his second doctorate, a Doctor of Philosophy from University of Giessen with a thesis titled: Die vormarxistische Arbeiterbewegung in den Vereinigten Staaten ("The Pre-Marxist Workers' Movement in the United States") that dealt explicitly with the history of the American workers' movement. The thesis was sponsored by Friedrich Lenz, who founded the Giessen School of National Economics.

The Harnacks, like many of their literary counterparts, shared an interest in the Soviet Union. They decided to set up a study group in the autumn of 1931, along with Lenz. At the height of the Great Depression, Harnack's hope was that Germany could serve as a spiritual and economic bridge between the East and West. Lenz believed that only an alliance with the Soviet Union would relieve Germany of the constraints of the Treaty of Versailles, re-establish the country's position, and return it to great nation status.

ARPLAN
Harnack founded the Wissenschaftliche Arbeitsgemeinschaft zum Studium der sowjetischen Planwirtschaft ("Scientific Working Community for the Study of the Soviet Planned Economy"), or ARPLAN, with Lenz in 1931. It was an organisation of writers and academics that met once a month to discuss the Soviet planned economy. Harnack became secretary of the group and Lenz became the president. The first meeting took place on 3 and 4 January 1932. The study group had around 50 members. Some of the more prominent members were the economist Emil Lederer, the sociologist and historian Alfred Meusel, the politician Otto Hoetzsch, the political scientist Klaus Mehnert, the Marxist philosopher György Lukács, the Marxist historian Hermann Duncker, the playwright, historian Karl August Wittfogel, the politician Ernst Niekisch the publicist Hans Ebeling (Publizist), the philosopher Ernst Jünger and politician Count von Ernst Graf zu Reventlow.

Also among them was the leading Soviet economist and diplomat Sergei Bessonov, who at the time was a member of the Russian trade delegation, and Alexander Hirschfeld, who was Arvid's contact at the Soviet embassy in Berlin. At the time, the Harnacks were also members of the Association of Intellectual Workers (Bund der Geistesarbeiter), a communist front organisation. They were seen by Moscow as able to recruit "people of good will" or "people of influence" but not necessarily party members. According to Georgi Dimitrov, the head of Communist International, the organizations allowed them to extend their influence to people that were difficult to reach. Communist or KPD members stayed in the background in meetings that were open to everyone, but controlled the discussion to gain influence. The real purpose of organisations like ARPLAN was to draw influential people who supported a pro-Soviet agenda in relation to German policy. Bessonov was ordered to recruit suitable German technocrats for visits to the Soviet Union and extract useful information for the Soviet trade legation.

Salon
In January 1932, Mildred lost her position teaching English literature at the University of Berlin. In May 1932, the couple were forced to move to 61 Hasenheide in Neukölln due to the presence of Nazis, which they leased from Stefan Heym. In his postwar novel, Nachruf, Heym stated he found the Harnacks to be a genial academic couple who had "resolute views" on the Nazis. The Harnacks hosted a Saturday salon at Hasenheide where intellectual discussion among editors, publishers, and authors was freely shared, and where Harnack lectured on political economy and Marxism. Amongst those who attended were publishers Samuel Fischer, Ernst Rowohlt, and Heinrich Marie Ledig-Rowohlt; translator Franz Frein; physician and writer Max Mohr; authors and playwrights Adam Kuckhoff, Max Tau, Otto Zoff, and Ernst von Salomon; journalist Margret Boveri; critic Erich Franzen; and some of Mildred's students, including Friedrich Schlösinger.

23 members of ARPLAN, including Harnack, went on a three-week study trip to the Soviet Union from 20 August to 12 September 1932, which was organised with the help of Bessonov and the Soviet embassy. They observed the Soviet economy in Moscow, Leningrad, Odessa, Kiev, and the Dnieper region. There were allegations that Harnack was recruited by Soviet intelligence during the trip. David Dallin describes the trip as the turning point in Harnack's life, and that Harnack agreed to spy was for the Soviet Union when he was bluntly asked by senior Comintern leaders. This allegation was repeated in 1994 by the KGB's deputy director, Pavel Sudoplatov, though it was not recorded in Harnack's own records. Even though the group travelled through Ukraine as academics and took notes, it failed to notice the famine before them; when Arthur Koestler went there around the same time, he documented starving people in almost every station. Koestler believed that the Harnacks' mentality was driven by the influence of Soviet propaganda, and that although they knew the standard of living in the West was much higher than the Soviet Union, they judged that Soviet citizens were much better off under Stalin than they were under the czar.

Career change
By the end of 1932, Harnack could not pursue an academic career, as the universities overwhelmingly supported Hitler, and he was no longer eligible for a career as a National Socialist. His thesis on "The Pre-Marxist Workers' Movement in the United States" could no longer be published. In the same year, he instructed illegal training courses for former members of the Marxist Workers School (MASCH) and at the Berliner Abendgymnasium ("Berliner Städtische Abendgymnasium für Erwachsene"), an evening high school for adults seeking to obtain the Abitur and university admission. Mildred also taught English literature at the same school. While at the Abendgymnasium, Harnack met KPD member and design engineer Karl Behrens, one of Mildred's students, who became one of Harnack's closest comrades-in-arms in the resistance.

After Adolf Hitler's rise to power and the Reichstag fire in early 1933, the Harnacks kept a low profile; they decided to dissolve ARPLAN in March 1933. The membership list was destroyed and many members fled abroad. Lenz was attacked at Giessen University by the Schutzstaffel, his house was raided, and he was dismissed from the university in September due to being "politically unreliable".

Early stages
In 1933, Harnack was appointed advisor at the Reich Ministry of Economics (Reichswirtschaftsministerium), before becoming a senior civil servant (Oberregierungsrat) in 1938, and worked on payment balances and foreign exchange questions about trade. As chief of trade policy, Harnack was part of many decision-making processes involving a very large number of people, including contacts in the German Foreign Office (Auswärtiges Amt). Over time, Harnack gathered detailed knowledge of the German economy, and when he was promoted to senior civil servant, he was legitimately able to form contacts with American trade counterparts at the American embassy. The same year, he also finished his legal qualifications in Jena, and successfully completed the junior law examination.

With the Kuckhoffs, the Harnacks assembled a discussion circle that debated political perspectives on the time after the Nazis' expected downfall. Between 1928 and 1929, Adam Kuckhoff headed the cultural-political magazine Die Tat ("The Deed"). At that time, he became acquainted with the communist John Sieg, who was previously a reporter on the communist newspaper, Die Rote Fahne. Harnack was good friends with lawyer and academic Carl Dietrich von Trotha, and knew lawyer Horst von Einsiedel since 1934. The group met to discuss and disseminate communist theories that included material Harnack was able to copy from the ministry.

In 1934, the couple moved to the third-floor apartment at 16 Schöneberger Woyrschstraße, close to the Tiergarten. The house was destroyed in the war and is now known as 14 Genthiner Straße.

By 1935, Harnack was employed as a lecturer on foreign policy at the University of Berlin. On 8 August 1935, three months after Harnack joined the trade ministry, he met with Hirschfeld in a meeting that lasted three hours. During the meeting, Hirschfeld informed Harnack that his position in the trade ministry could provide useful information that could be used to defeat the Nazis, and offered to establish a system to convey the documents to Moscow. Harnack agreed to be an informer and was given the codename Balt, assigned a control officer, Alexander Belkin, and given a mission to increase his sources by building a network of contacts.

However, Hirschfeld requested that Harnack break off all relations with the KPD, and to avoid working for the resistance, but Harnack refused; he was never interested in becoming a Soviet agent, considered himself a communist, and would supply information to anybody who would take part in anti-fascist operations that helped to destroy the Nazis.

According to KGB sources, between 1935 and 1938 Harnack supplied information about German currency, German investments abroad, and details of the German foreign debt. He also provided details of secret trade agreements to Soviet intelligence. During that period, Harnack circulated the same information to other groups. In 1935, Harnack met Harro Schulze-Boysen for the first time, but Harnack decided not to meet again due to their different temperaments.

At the end of 1937, and formally on 3 March 1938, U.S. ambassador William Dodd was replaced by Hugh Wilson. Joining him as First Secretary and monetary attaché at the U.S. Embassy was Donald Heath.

U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr. felt that the Berlin embassy needed a treasury attaché who could ferret out German economic information, so Heath became an intelligence agent in the office of coordination at the embassy (a forerunner of the Office of Strategic Services). His job was to recruit sympathetic informers that could provide that type of information. Mildred met Louise Heath, Donald's wife, at the American Women's Club in Bellevuestrasse in 1937. The Harnacks became friends with the Heaths, but Arvid was resistant to Donald's proposal at first; by 1938 he started providing him with intelligence.

At the start of World War II, Louise and Donald Heath Jr. fled to Norway before returning several months later. When they returned, Louise asked Mildred to tutor her son in American literature. The two couples began to regularly spend weekends together and occasionally went on vacation together. At other times Arvid and Donald met in the countryside to exchange intelligence, but it became increasingly dangerous. Between December 1939 and March 1941, Donald Jr. couriered between Harnack and the American embassy, delivered food from Denmark and Italy, and gave medicine to the Harnacks. After the war, Donald acknowledged that Arvid was his source for German economic intelligence.

In 1937, former Prussian minister of culture and religious socialist Adolf Grimme was brought into the group through Kuckhoff and playwright Günther Weisenborn. Harnack had previously met Grimme at the funeral of Adolf von Harnack on 10 June 1930. Grimme was a religious socialist who belonged to the Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany, so Harnack used considerable effort to convince him to become a communist.

On 26 January 1937, a new civil service law gave Nazi officials the power to sack tenured civil servants. Walther Funk, Harnack's manager at the Ministry, persuaded him to join the Nazi Party to protect himself, and become what was known as a Hamburger (i.e. Nazi brown outside, Moscow red inside). In May 1937, Harnack joined the Nazi Party with the number 4153569.

Harnack's nephew, Wolfgang Havemann, became a frequent visitor to the group discussions after 1938.

Harnack/Schulze-Boysen Group
In 1940, Harnack came into contact with other resistance groups and began to cooperate with them. The most important of these was a small group called Gegner Kreis that was run by Harro Schulze-Boysen, a Luftwaffe lieutenant and descendant of an old German military family, who had known Harnack since 1935, but was reintroduced to him sometime in late 1939 or early 1940 through Greta Kuckhoff. The Kuckhoffs had known the Schulz-Boysens since 1938, and started to engage them socially in autumn 1940 by bringing Mildred and Libertas (Harro's wife) together while on holiday in Saxony. Harnack and Schulze-Boysen were wary of meeting due but finally met in October 1940 at the house of Adam's and Greta Kuckhoff apartment at Wilhelmshöher Allee 19 in Friedenau.

On 17 September 1940, the Harnacks met the third secretary member of the Soviet embassy, Alexander Korotkov who used the alias Alexander Erdberg while meeting the couple in their Tiergarten apartment. Korotkov was a Soviet intelligence agent who had been operating clandestinely in Europe for much of the 1930s as an employee of the foreign intelligence service of the Soviet People's Commissariat for State Security (NKGB), but had been dismissed during Stalin's purges. He managed to get back into the service with help from his friend Lavrentiy Beria. Initially wary and suspicious of the uninvited guest, Korotkov proposed a second meeting at the Soviet Embassy in Berlin to Harnack, where Korotkov could demonstrate his good faith and prove to Harnack that he was not a decoy. Several reasons were given as to why Harnack decided to become a spy, including a need for money, being ideologically driven, and possibly blackmail by Russian intelligence. It was known that Harnack had his own agenda, and that he wanted Germany to be separate from Nazism and the Soviet Union. According to a statement by Korotkov discovered after the war, he thought Harnack was not motivated by money or ideologically driven, but that he was specifically building an anti-fascist organisation for Germany, as opposed to an espionage network for Russian or American intelligence; Harnack considered himself a German patriot.

Korotkov considered Harnack a moral person, and that while he reported to his Soviet directors, he felt the Soviet Union "was a country whose ideals he felt connected to". Harnack often told his friends of his aversion to the Soviet Union and once told Grimme that Germany would "need a fist not to become a puppet of the Soviet Union".

On 26 September 1940, Harnack provided Erdberg with his first intelligence report that reported the Nazi state was in the planning stages for a war against the Soviet Union. In mid-April 1941, in an attempt to increase the influx of intelligence, the Soviets ordered Korotkov to create a Berlin espionage operation and Harnack was asked by Korotkov to run it. Korotkov was instructed by Soviet intelligence to provide a person in Berlin that could be contacted via radio in the event of war. Harnack refused to be contacted in that manner and agreed only to collect and encipher the material in his own apartment, but the transmission would take place somewhere else. In June 1941, with Harnack's approval, Korotkov delivered a wireless transmitter to Greta Kuckhoff during a meeting at an underground railway station. The device was mounted in a case and had a range of 600 miles, but the battery only lasted two hours. The aim of the operation was to organise the Harnack group into an independent network with direct contact with Soviet intelligence. In May, two additional shortwave radio transmitters were delivered by diplomatic pouch; one was battery powered. The second one was dismantled so that it could fit into a suitcase, and required an electrical supply to operate. However, when Adam Kuckhoff tested the first transmitter, it failed to work so it was returned the following week. Along with the radio transmitter, Korotkov gave Harnack 12,000 Reichsmarks and Adam Kuckhoff 500 Reichsmarks. Harnack distributed the money to his agents: Behrens received 5000 marks, Leo Skrzipczynski received 3,000, Grimme received 2,000, and Rose Schloesinger received 1,000. The rest of the money was used by Harnack for daily expenses

Harnack acted as the intermediary when transmitting reports, which were delivered from several people, including Schulze-Boysen, and were encyphered and passed to Hans Coppi for transmission. The courier was initially Behrens, but Schlösinger took over when Behrens became unavailable. On 1 July 1941, Korotkov and the Soviet embassy staff, along with many other Soviet citizens, left Germany.

In June 1941, after the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the resistance group intensified its leaflet propaganda. At the same time, the group started to collect military intelligence in a careful, systematic manner that could be used to overthrow the Nazis. Members of both groups were convinced that Germany could only be liberated by the Nazis' military defeat, and that by shortening the war, millions of people could be saved.

In 1941, Harnack sent the Soviets information about the forthcoming invasion. That same year, he wrote for the resistance magazine, Die innere Front ("The Home Front"), the twice-monthly newspaper written in six languages that was created by John Sieg. In 1942, Harnack produced a study called "Das nationalsoialistische Stadium des Monopolkapitalismus" (The National stage of monopoly capitalism), published in Die innere Front, which described the Gestapo as a tendentious and antigovernment economic treatise, and was read as far as Munich and Hamburg.

In the summer of 1942, Sieg recruited Wilhelm Guddorf, a communist writer and former editor of the Die Rote Fahne. From January to August 1942, Harnack was forced to pass his intelligence via courier. Harnack arranged with the Communist Party in Hamburg via Bernhard Bästlein to pass the reports through contacts in Flensburg and Denmark to the Soviet embassy in Stockholm. Bästlein was a close associate of Guddorf.

Discovery
The discovery of the illegal radio transmissions of Soviet agent Johann Wenzel by the German radio counterintelligence organization Funkabwehr and his capture by the Gestapo on 29–30 June 1942 eventually revealed the members of the groupand led to the Harnacks' arrest. Wenzel decided to cooperate after he was tortured. His exposure of the radio codes enabled Referat 12, the cipher bureaux of the Funkabwehr, to decipher Red Orchestra message traffic. The unit had been tracking Red Orchestra radio transmissions since June 1941, and found Wenzel's house in Brussels contained a large number of coded messages. When Wilhelm Vauck, principal cryptographer of the Funkabwehr, received the ciphers from Wenzel. On 15 July 1942, Vauck managed to decrypt a message dated 10 October 1941 that gave the locations of the Kuckhoffs and Schulze-Boysens' apartments.

When Vauck decrypted this message, it was forwarded to Reich Security Main Office IV 2A, where they identified the people living at the three addresses. The three couples were put under surveillance on 16 July 1942. There was a member of Schulze-Boysen's group working in Referat 12 in Vauck's team: Horst Heilmann, who was supplying Schulze-Boysen with intelligence. Heilmann tried to contact Schulze-Boysen but was unsuccessful and left a message with him to phone him back. Schulze-Boysen returned the call, but Vauck answered the phone, and when he requested the name of the caller to take a message and was met with Schulze-Boysen, the deception was revealed and the group exposed.

Trial and death
On 7 September 1942, the Harnacks were arrested by the Gestapo while on a short holiday to Preila on the Curonian Spit.

Arvid was sentenced to death on 19 December after a four-day trial before the Reichskriegsgericht ("Reich Military Tribunal"), and was put to death three days later at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin. He and his co-conspirators were hanged from meat hooks by piano wire, a method designed to prolong their suffering. Mildred was originally sentenced to six years in prison, but Hitler swiftly cancelled the sentence and ordered a new trial, which resulted in a death sentence. She was beheaded by guillotine, and her body was released to Hermann Stieve, anatomy professor at Humboldt University, to be dissected for research. A cenotaph was installed for the Harnacks after the war by Arvid's older brother Falk, a member of the White Rose resistance group, at Zehlendorf Cemetery.

Awards and honours

 * On 6 October 1969, Harnack was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner. This honour has been proven to be erroneous, as it mistakenly interpreted Red Orchestra as a communist spy network working for the Soviets. This interpretation of the resistance group, based on original slander by the Gestapo, was used in a similar way in the West, in which the rebels were not honoured there, but persecuted as traitors until the 1970s.
 * In Magdeburg, a street called Harnackstraße is named after the Harnacks, as well as similar named streets in Lichtenberg, Berlin; and Reudnitz, Leipzig.
 * In Jena, a street known as the Arvid-Harnack-Straße is named after him.
 * In the courtyard location at Unter den Linden 6 of the Humboldt University of Berlin is a memorial stone.
 * In Neukölln, Berlin, in the Hasenheide, on the corner of Lilienthalstraße, a plaque commemorates the Harnacks and Heym.
 * Stolpersteins for the Harnakcs were laid in front of 14 Genthiner Straße 14 in the Tiergarten on 20 September 2013 in the presence of US Ambassador John B. Emerson.

title: Arvid Harnack


text:
Victoria City Council

The Victoria City Council is the governing body of the City of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada..

The council consists of the mayor plus eight councillors. A deputy mayor is appointed monthly.

The councillors are councillors-at-large elected for the entire city.

Municipal elections are held every four years across the Province on the third Saturday of October.

The most recent election was held on October 15, 2022.

title: Victoria City Council


text:
User talk:Playa~enwiki

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Playa~enwiki


text:
Straylight Run (album)

Straylight Run is the self-titled debut studio album by American indie rock band Straylight Run. It was released on October 12, 2004, through Victory Records. The band was formed by guitarist John Nolan and bassist Shaun Cooper, after both of them left Taking Back Sunday in early 2003. They recruited Breaking Pangaea drummer Will Noon and John's sister Michelle Nolan, to complete the line-up. The band recorded some demos and toured throughout the remainder of 2003 before beginning work on the album. Straylight Run tracked it at Apple Head Studios in Woodstock, New York, between March and June 2004, with producers Michael Birnbaum and Chris Bittner.

The band embarked on several accompanying tours across the United States with the likes of Hot Rod Circuit, Something Corporate, and Firescape, as well as delivering performances for The Bamboozle festival and on Last Call with Carson Daly. The music on Straylight Run moved away from the emo sound of Taking Back Sunday, transitioning into piano-centred indie rock material, drawing comparisons to the Anniversary and Bright Eyes. The album received generally positive reviews from music critics, with a few complimenting the sound though others disliked the production.

Straylight Run reached number 100 on the US Billboard 200 in the first week of release, with sales of 11,000 copies. It further charted at number four on the Billboard Independent Albums component chart. As of September 2005, the album has sold over 225,000 copies in the US.

Background
Taking Back Sunday released their debut studio album Tell All Your Friends in 2002; the band found themselves at the forefront of the emo music scene. Guitarist John Nolan, citing exhaustion from touring, left Taking Back Sunday, while bassist Shaun Cooper left shortly thereafter. Frontman Adam Lazzara said that he thought Nolan and Cooper were having difficulty adjusting to long-term touring; however, Nolan later accused Lazzara of being unfaithful to his sister, Michelle, with whom Lazzara was in a relationship, citing this as his reason for leaving the band. In May 2003, John Nolan and Cooper formed a new band; the pair tracked demos with the aid of Taking Back Sunday drummer Mark O'Connell. The recordings laid the groundwork for their new sound: piano-and-guitar oriented pop songs, which would include samples, drum loops and other sounds.

After the demos had been recorded, Will Noon, formerly of Breaking Pangaea, was recruited as the band's permanent drummer. Cooper and Noon had previously played together, while Cooper and Nolan were familiar with Noon's work as part of Breaking Pangaea. Following a month of practice, the trio decided that the band needed another member. John was sharing an apartment with Michelle at the time, with him learning that she was writing her own songs but had no plans to do anything with the songs. Observing her talent, John Nolan decided to recruit her as the fourth band member. With their line-up complete, the quartet continued practicing and recorded a few more tracks in the following months. When they felt ready to debut the band to the wider public, they settled on the name Straylight Run, after a large amount of discussion and debating.

In August 2003, Nolan and Cooper featured on a radio showcase, where they promoted the band; shortly after the appearance, fan-recorded versions of the songs were posted on the internet. Due to the positive reaction, Straylight Run quickly posted demo recordings of the tracks on their website. The web traffic for the new songs crashed the website, and in turn, forced them to find a better site for helping keep up with the demand. Within four months of the six demos being posted online, the band were playing sold-out shows. Around this time, Straylight Run were attracting offers from major labels as well as interest from music producers and managers who wished to work with them. The band embarked on a brief headlining tour of the northeast United States in September 2003; subsequent touring closed out the year, including their first full US tour that they co-headlined with the New Amsterdams, and stints alongside the Format and Coheed and Cambria.

Writing and production
Straylight Run spent most of December 2003 working on new material and making plans to record their debut studio album, before supporting Brand New on their tour of the United Kingdom in January 2004. As part of the writing process, John and Michelle played the band acoustic tracks and worked on the tracks' arrangements. On some occasions, the tracks retained their original structure, but some had a different feel to them after each member added their parts. Prior to recording, the band played the new songs during their tours, giving them the opportunity to develop and change the songs. As a result of this, Straylight Run comfortable with how the songs were played and required little input from the producers during the studio sessions.

In March 2004, the band travelled to Woodstock, New York, to record the album at Apple Head Studios, away from John Nolan and Cooper's hometown of Amityville on Long Island. After a brief break to play at the Skate & Surf Fest, recording resumed, and concluded in June of that year. Straylight Run lived in a cabin across from the studio, which was located on a big ranch in the middle of the woods. Pre-production was done by Mike Sapone at Sapone Studios in Bethpage, New York, for the tracks "The Tension and the Terror", "Existentialism on Prom Night", "Mistakes We Knew We Were Making", and "It's for the Best". Straylight Run was produced and recorded by both Michael Birnbaum and Chris Bittner; the pair also mixed the album. The band heard positive things about Birnbaum's work with Coheed and Cambria; their manager had similarly positive experiences with Birnbaum previously. The band re-recorded their earlier demos and created new songs during the sessions. Nate Ruess of the Format contributed vocals to "It's for the Best", while Linda Nolan of the Nolans and Laura June Kirsch both provided additional vocals on "Sympathy for the Martyr".

Composition and lyrics
John Nolan said that the change in sound between Tell All Your Friends and Straylight Run might appear to be drastic for fans of Taking Back Sunday, when in reality the change showcased several years of writing development. The songs featured on Tell All Your Friends were a few years old by the time the album came out, which meant there was a long period between the writing of the songs and the ones that would appear on Straylight Run. Nolan said that during this time, he grew as a songwriter. The final batch of songs written for the album shed the remaining remnants of Taking Back Sunday's sound.

Straylight Run shifted away from the emo sound of Taking Back Sunday, transitioning into an indie rock sound; the shift had been compared to what happened with Blake Schwarzenbach when he left Jawbreaker to form Jets to Brazil. Though Straylight Run retains the introspective lyricism commonly found in emo, it has more of an emphasis on a piano-based sound. The inclusion of synth parts and male–female vocal dynamics drew comparisons to the Anniversary and Bright Eyes. Michelle Nolan sings lead vocals on "Tool Sheds and Hot Tubs" and "Now It's Done", alongside providing backing vocals throughout the rest of the album.

Straylight Run's opening track, "The Perfect Ending", contains only John Nolan's vocals over pianos, alongside accompanying bells by Noon. "The Tension and the Terror" starts with the song's hook and minimalist vocals from John, before him and Michelle harmonize vocally on the chorus; later in the song, John plays a guitar solo. "Existentialism on Prom Night" escalates from a lone piano and vocal track to expansive chords and backing parts. John Nolan said the track is about being in love and "finally feeling optimistic about your future and looking forward to the rest of your life." "Another Word for Desperate" and "Mistakes We Knew We Were Making" were described as reminiscent of 1980s power ballads; the former incorporates a coda and violins at the end.

"Your Name Here (Sunrise Highway)" is a reference to one of Long Island's highways, Sunrise Highway. The track was written a few years prior to its appearance on the album, and serves as a sequel to "There's No 'I' in Team", a track from Tell All Your Friends. "There's No 'I' in Team" was written in response to a feud between Nolan and Brand New frontman Jesse Lacey. The chorus to "Your Name Here (Sunrise Highway)" gives rough directions to Nolan's residence in Massapequa, New York, at the time. Nolan said it was "more 'I miss my best friend,' instead of all the angsty yelling [on 'Team']." "Tool Sheds and Hot Tubs" features up-tempo electronic instrumentation, which includes synths, earning it a comparison to work of I Am the World Trade Center. The closing track, "Sympathy for the Martyr", incorporates the band's musical strengths – piano-focused verse sections, Michelle's harmony parts, and an "anthematic second verse."

Release and promotion
On April 24, 2004, Straylight Run signed to independent record label Victory Records. On the same day, Straylight Run was scheduled for release later that year. Shortly afterwards, the band performed at the Skate and Surf Festival. They went on a US tour with Rooney, Ozma, and the Redwalls in June and July 2004. On July 17, the album was announced for release in September of that year. Straylight Run appeared on the KROQ-FM show Domestic Disturbance, where they debuted a new track from Straylight Run and performed live. On September 26, 2004, the band filmed a music video for "Existentialism on Prom Night" on a subway train. They got clearance from the New York City transit authority and the video was shot over a six-hour period. The subway train repeatedly drove back and forth between two stations for the shooting. The video, which was directed by Major Lightner, was featured in regular rotation on MTV. After initially being scheduled for a September 21 release, Straylight Run was released on October 12, 2004, through Victory Records. To promote its release, Straylight Run delivered two in-store acoustic performances in New York City. In October and November 2004, the band went on tour with Hot Rod Circuit, Northstar, and Say Anything.

On January 7, 2005, Straylight Run won a fan-voted contest on Launch.com, which earned them the spot to deliver a live-in-the-studio performance of "Existentialism on Prom Night". In January and February 2005, the band toured across the US alongside Something Corporate, Hidden in Plain View, the Academy Is..., and Armor for Sleep. Following the tour, Straylight Run played a few headlining US shows in February, with support from Firescape, Action Action, and Bella Lea, before they embarked on a UK tour in March of that year. In April and May 2005, the band headlined the Alternative Press/Vans tour with support from Minus the Bear, Gratitude, the Honorary Title, and Spitalfield. During this time, the band performed at The Bamboozle festival and appeared on Last Call with Carson Daly. Straylight Run was released on vinyl for the first time in April 2012, and subsequently re-pressed in November 2013.

Reception
AllMusic reviewer Johnny Loftus said that the while Straylight Run includes some elements of emo, the "songwriting is more varied than many in that genre offer in the mid-2000s." He continued, saying Straylight Run "crafted a fine debut" that would "certainly please emo fans." In a brief review, the staff of Spin compared Nolan leaving Taking Back Sunday to form Straylight Run with "trading the football team for the choral society."

Sputnikmusic's Adam Downer found the album to be "an amazing, beautiful piece of work" with "some truly sensational anthem-ballads" and "solid tracks in the middle." Downer also said that the middle tracks felt like a "bit of a letdown" when compared to the first and last portions of the album, but concluded that "there is really no terrible track." Yahoo! Music reviewer Rob O'Connor noted that the "emphasis here is more on texture than catharsis," save for the "epic sense of drama of an '80s power ballad" in two of the tracks. He said that Michelle Nolan's vocal appearance serves as "an extra change-up," with the rest of the band "turn[ing] 'twee' for a moment of heavenly shuffle" on "Tool Sheds and Hot Tubs".

Kaj Roth of Melodic wrote that Straylight Run "takes you on a trip over the clouds in the atmosphere" with the "dreamlike and emotional vocals perfectly packaged." Exclaim! writer Sam Sutherland called the album "a let down," criticizing the "glossy over-production" and "obscene amount of pitch correction." He described the demos as "raw and emotionally charged," while saying that the finished versions "reek of insincerity and technological tweaking." LAS Magazine Natalie B. David considered the tracks with Nolan on lead vocals to be the weakest on the album, while also saying that a number of the songs "would be severely lacking without her."

Commercially, Straylight Run reached number 100 on the US Billboard 200, with first week sales of over 11,000 copies. It also entered at number four on Billboard Independent Albums chart. As of September 2005, the album had sold over 225,000 copies in the US. "Existentialism on Prom Night" appeared on a list of the best emo songs by Vulture. Alternative Press ranked "Existentialism on Prom Night" at number 59 on their list of the best 100 singles from the 2000s.

Track listing
All songs written by Straylight Run. All songs produced by Michael Birnbaum and Chris Bittner.

 * 1) "The Perfect Ending" – 4:53
 * 2) "The Tension and the Terror" – 3:39
 * 3) "Existentialism on Prom Night" – 4:01
 * 4) "Another Word for Desperate" – 5:20
 * 5) "Mistakes We Knew We Were Making" – 3:39
 * 6) "Dignity and Money" – 3:34
 * 7) "Your Name Here (Sunrise Highway)" – 5:06
 * 8) "Tool Sheds and Hot Tubs" – 3:54
 * 9) "It's for the Best" – 4:21
 * 10) "Now It's Done" – 4:44
 * 11) "Sympathy for the Martyr" – 5:51

Personnel
Personnel per booklet.

Straylight Run
 * Shaun Cooper – bass
 * Michelle Nolan – lead vocals (tracks 8 and 10), backing vocals, guitar, piano
 * John Nolan – vocals, guitar, piano, glockenspiel
 * Will Noon – drums, percussion

Additional musicians
 * Nate Ruess – vocals (track 9)
 * Linda Nolan – additional vocals (track 11)
 * Laura June Kirsch – additional vocals (track 11)

Production
 * Michael Birnbaum – producer, recording, mixing
 * Chris Bittner – producer, recording, mixing
 * Mike Sapone – pre-production (tracks 2, 3, 5, and 9)
 * Laura June Kirsch – band silhouette photographs
 * Eugene Kotlyarenko – multimedia
 * Jason Oda – layout

title: Straylight Run (album)


text:
98 Aquarii

98 Aquarii (abbreviated 98 Aqr) is a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 98 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation, although it also bears the Bayer designation b1 Aquarii. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +3.97. The distance to this star, 163 ly, is known from parallax measurements made with the Hipparcos spacecraft.

With over double the mass of the Sun, this is an evolved giant star that has a stellar classification of K0 III. The measured angular diameter of this star is 2.54 ± 0.13 mas. At the estimated distance of 98 Aquarii, this yields a physical size of about 14 times the radius of the Sun. The expanded outer envelope has an effective temperature of 4,630 K, giving it the orange glow of a K-type star.

title: 98 Aquarii


text:
Bulgaria men's national basketball team

The Bulgaria men's national basketball team (Български национален отбор по баскетбол) represents Bulgaria in international basketball. The governing body is the Bulgarian Basketball Federation.

Bulgaria's first appearance at an international tournament came at the EuroBasket in 1935. They have reached the premier European basketball competition 25 times, with their best results coming in 1957 as the runners-up on home soil, and their bronze medal finish in 1961 respectively. Bulgaria has also qualified for the FIBA World Cup, where they finished seventh in their lone appearance in 1959. Competing at the Olympic Games multiple times, the national team had their top performance in 1956. Bulgaria has also competed at smaller events, such as the Balkan Championship, winning gold medals in 1959, 1960, and 1971.

EuroBasket 1935
Bulgaria debuted on the international stage at the first EuroBasket (European Basketball Championship), which was held in Geneva, in 1935. The Bulgarian side started the tournament off with a loss to Italy in the preliminary round, but bounced back to defeat Hungary in their next match. Following this, Bulgaria lost their classification matches to Belgium, and to Italy again. The national team would finishing off their tournament debut in 8th place.

EuroBasket 1947
Twelve years later, the Bulgarian national team reached the tournament once again, for their second appearance overall. At the EuroBasket 1947, Bulgaria split their two preliminary round matches against Austria, and France advancing to the upper bracket semifinal groups. There they lost all three of their games, putting them in a 7th/8th place classification match versus Hungary, which they lost. The national team would once again end the tournament reaching the quarterfinals.

EuroBasket 1951
Bulgaria's third appearance was at EuroBasket 1951 in Paris. They won their two contested preliminary games, outscoring opponents 145–70, and gained a third win by Romania's forfeit. In the semifinal round, the national team became enmeshed in a three-way tie for first place in the four-team group after losing to France but winning the other two matches, and ended up finishing in second place in the group. This pitted them against the Soviet Union in a semifinal matchup, which the Bulgarians lost. The national team then went on to lose again, in the bronze medal game to France.

EuroBasket 1953
The national team's next appearance was in Moscow for EuroBasket 1953. They found themselves on the unfortunate end of a three-way tiebreaker after finishing 3–1 in their preliminary group, and their 3rd place rank in the group sent them to the classification round, a disappointing turn of events for Bulgaria which had expected to do at least as well as they had two years prior. They won their next five matches to take the highest place available, after the preliminary round. Thus, reaching the quarterfinals in the tournament with an 8–1 record.

EuroBasket 1955
At EuroBasket 1955 in Budapest, the Bulgarian side open up their campaign at the tournament with a 107-33 dismantling of Denmark. They would go on to only drop one match in their preliminary group to finish with a 2–1 record, which allowed them to advance to the final round along with group leader Czechoslovakia. After losing to the three eventual medalists in the final round, Bulgaria finished the round with a 4–3 record while once again reaching the semifinals.

EuroBasket 1957
Bulgaria hosted the EuroBasket 1957, in Sofia. The national team breezed through their three preliminary round matches, and kept their win streak through the first six of the final round games, including an 82–80 victory over Czechoslovakia. In their final game of the tournament, which by chance was against the similarly undefeated Soviet Union squad, Bulgaria led by 4 points at halftime, 23–19. Their lead did not last through the second half though, however, as the Soviets powered to a 60–57 final, Bulgaria finished as the runners-up with the silver medal.

1959 World Cup
Bulgaria made its debut at the World Cup in 1959. They were placed in Group C, where they went undefeated (3-0) and advanced to the final round. There, they finished with a 2–4 record, but after controversy struck. As they along with the Soviets refused to play Formosa, due to political reasons. This mishap caused the national team to be relegated to seventh place at the tournament.

EuroBasket 1961
At the EuroBasket 1961, the national team returned to the top European basketball tournament looking to place better than their last trip at the event. In their preliminary round group they finished with a 2–0 record to move on to the second round. There they finished with an impressive 4–1 record to advance to the semifinals with a matchup against the Soviet Union. The outcome did not turn out in the favour of the Bulgarian side though, as they were manhandled 77–54. The devastating loss sent the Bulgarians to the bronze medal match versus France, where they came away with a victory to end the tournament on a high note.

Later years
Bulgaria would go on to qualify to the European Basketball Championship 16 more times after 1961, but never came away with a top three finish at the event. The Bulgarian side have endured multiple droughts without qualifying as well, e.g. not reaching the tournament for 12 years after EuroBasket 1993 until EuroBasket 2005. As well as not having qualified to the tournament since 2011. They have also attempted to qualify for the World Cup on numerous occasions since 1959, although they have yet to succeed in their bid.

Current roster
Roster for EuroBasket 2025 Qualifiers matches on 22 and 25 February 2024 against Sweden and Germany.

Head coach position

 * 🇧🇬 Rosen Barchovski – (2004–2007)
 * 🇮🇱 Pini Gershon – (2008–2010)
 * 🇧🇬 Rosen Barchovski – (2010–2012)
 * 🇧🇬 Konstantin Papazov – (2013)
 * 🇧🇬 Georgi Mladenov – (2014)
 * 🇧🇬 Lubomir Minchev – (2015–2019)
 * 🇧🇬 Rosen Barchovski – (2019–present)

Notable players

 * Atanas Golomeev – Most decorated Bulgarian basketball player of all-time. As he was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players.
 * Georgi Glouchkov – First player from an Eastern bloc country to compete in the American National Basketball Association (NBA)

Past rosters
1935 EuroBasket: finished 8th among 10 teams

3 Krum Konstantinov, 4 Pinkas, 5 Etropolski, 6 Rogachev, 7 Tsankov, 8 Kevorkjan, 9 Khaimov (Coach: Krum Konstantinov)

1947 EuroBasket: finished 8th among 14 teams

3 Veselin Temkov, 4 Krhisto Khajtov, 5 Ljudmil Katerinski, 6 Aleksandar Damjanov, 7 Sharkov, 8 Kosanov, 9 Peev, 10 Konstantin Georgiev, 11 Nikola Kolev, 12 Rajkov, 13 Bozhidar Takev, 14 Ilija Asenov, 15 Stefan Bankov (Coach: Georgi Petkov)

1951 EuroBasket: finished 4th among 17 teams

3 Iliya Georgiev, 4 Stefan Bankov, 5 Neycho Neychev, 6 Vladimir Savov, 7 Ilija Asenov, 8 Petar Shishkov, 9 Kiril Semov, 10 Konstantin Totev, 11 Anton Kuzov, 12 Gencho Khristov, 13 Ivan Nikolov, 14 Dimitar Popov, 15 Metodi Tomovski, 16 Konstantin Georgiev (Coach: Veselin Temkov)

1952 Olympic Games: finished 7th among 23 teams

3 Iliya Georgiev, 4 Kiril Semov, 5 Neycho Neychev, 6 Khristo Donchev, 7 Vasil Manchenko, 8 Petar Shishkov, 9 Georgi Panov, 10 Konstantin Totev, 11 Anton Kuzov, 12 Gencho Khristov, 13 Ivan Nikolov, 14 Veselin Penkov, 15 Konstantin Georgiev, 16 Vladimir Savov (Coach: Veselin Temkov)

1953 EuroBasket: finished 9th among 17 teams

3 Iliya Georgiev, 4 Vladimir Stefanov, 5 Velko Velkov, 6 Khristo Donchev, 7 Vasil Manchenko, 8 Konstantin Georgiev, 9 Georgi Panov, 10 Konstantin Totev, 11 Anton Kuzov, 12 Dimitar Popov, 13 Lyubomir Panov, 14 Veselin Penkov, 15 Iliya Mirchev, 16 Vladimir Savov (Coach: Veselin Temkov)

1955 EuroBasket: finished 4th among 18 teams

3 Vasil Manchenko, 4 Vladimir Ganchev, 5 Iliya Mirchev, 6 Rajkov, 7 Gencho Khristov, 8 Anton Kuzov, 9 Georgi Panov, 10 Konstantin Totev, 11 Cvjatko Barchovski, 12 Metodi Tomovski, 13 Viktor Radev, 14 Emanuil Gyaurov (Coach: Bozhidar Takev)

1956 Olympic Games: finished 5th among 15 teams

3 Atanas Atanasov, 4 Vladimir Savov, 5 Iliya Mirchev, 6 Viktor Radev, 7 Georgi Kanev, 8 Vasil Manchenko, 9 Georgi Panov, 10 Konstantin Totev, 11 Tsvetko Slavov, 12 Lyubomir Panov, 13 Nikolay Ilov (Coach: Ljudmil Katerinski)

1957 EuroBasket: finished 2nd among 16 teams

3 Mikhail Semov, 4 Vladimir Ganchev, 5 Iliya Mirchev, 6 Viktor Radev, 7 Georgi Kanev, 8 Petko Lazarov, 9 Georgi Panov, 10 Konstantin Totev, 11 Tsvetko Slavov, 12 Lyubomir Panov, 13 Metodi Tomovski, 14 Atanas Atanasov (Coach: Ljudmil Katerinski)

1959 FIBA World Cup: finished 7th among 13 teams

3 Mikhail Semov, 4 Gencho Khristov, 5 Iliya Mirchev, 6 Viktor Radev, 7 Georgi Kanev, 8 Petko Lazarov, 9 Georgi Panov, 10 Emanuil Gyaurov, 11 Tsvetko Slavov, 12 Lyubomir Panov, 13 Metodi Tomovski, 14 Atanas Atanasov (Coach: Ljudmil Katerinski)

1959 EuroBasket: finished 5th among 17 teams

3 Angel Shipkov, 5 Iliya Mirchev, 6 Viktor Radev, 7 Georgi Kanev, 8 Petko Lazarov, 9 Georgi Panov, 10 Khristo Donchev, 12 Mikhail Semov, 13 Nikolay Ilov, 14 Atanas Atanasov, 15 Tsvetko Slavov, 16 Gencho Khristov (Coach: Ljudmil Katerinski)

1960 Olympic Games: finished 16th among 16 teams

3 Stefan Stoykov, 5 Iliya Mirchev, 6 Viktor Radev, 7 Georgi Kanev, 8 Petko Lazarov, 9 Georgi Panov, 10 Emanuil Gyaurov, 11 Tsvetko Slavov, 12 Lyubomir Panov, 13 Nikolay Ilov, 14 Atanas Atanasov, 15 Khristo Tsvetkov (Coach: Nikola Kolev)

1961 EuroBasket: finished 3rd among 19 teams

4 Mincho Dimov, 5 Iliya Mirchev, 6 Viktor Radev, 7 Stefan Stoykov, 8 Petko Lazarov, 9 Georgi Panov, 10 Khristo Donchev, 11 Tsvetko Slavov, 12 Lyubomir Panov, 13 Khristo Tsvetkov, 14 Atanas Atanasov, 15 Radko Zlatev (Coach: Veselin Temkov)

1963 EuroBasket: finished 5th among 16 teams

4 Stefan Filipov, 5 Iliya Mirchev, 6 Viktor Radev, 7 Georgi Kanev, 8 Mincho Dimov, 9 Georgi Panov, 10 Dimitar Donev, 11 Tsvetko Slavov, 12 Lyubomir Panov, 13 Nikola Atanasov, 14 Atanas Atanasov, 15 Kliment Kamenarov (Coach: Kiril Khajtov)

1965 EuroBasket: finished 5th among 16 teams

4 Mincho Dimov, 6 Pando Pandov, 7 Georgi Barzakov, 8 Emil Mikhaylov, 9 Valentin Spasov, 10 Kamen Ilchev, 11 Stefan Filipov, 12 Borislav Kolev, 13 Slavey Raychev, 14 Atanas Atanasov, 15 Radko Zlatev, 16 Boto Paspalanov (Coach: Kiril Semov)

1967 EuroBasket: finished 4th among 16 teams

4 Emil Mikhaylov, 5 Slavey Raychev, 6 Pando Pandov, 7 Khristo Doychinov, 8 Georgi Guenev, 9 Boris Krastev, 10 Mincho Dimov, 11 Cvjatko Barchovski, 12 Ivan Vodenicharski, 13 Boycho Branzov, 14 Temelaki Dimitrov, 15 Georgi Khristov (Coach: Kiril Khajtov)

1968 Olympic Games: finished 10th among 16 teams

4 Emil Mikhaylov, 5 Stanislav Boyadzhiev, 6 Pando Pandov, 7 Khristo Doychinov, 8 Valentin Spasov, 9 Stefan Filipov, 10 Mincho Dimov, 11 Ivaylo Kirov, 12 Dimitar Sakhanikov, 13 Boycho Branzov, 14 Slavey Raychev, 15 Georgi Khristov (Coach: Kiril Khajtov)

1969 EuroBasket: finished 7th among 12 teams

4 Khristo Doychinov, 5 Rumen Pejchev, 6 Atanas Golomeev, 7 Dimitar Galabov, 8 Ivan Rusinov, 9 Georgi Barzakov, 10 Mincho Dimov, 11 Bogomil Chanev, 12 Stancho Kostov, 13 Boycho Branzov, 14 Temelaki Dimitrov, 15 Georgi Khristov (Coach: Dimitar Mitev)

1971 EuroBasket: finished 6th among 12 teams

4 Rumen Pejchev, 5 Stefan Filipov, 6 Pando Pandov, 7 Khristo Doychinov, 9 llija Yankov, 10 Boto Paspalanov, 11 Atanas Golomeev, 12 Docho Petrov, 13 Ivaylo Kirov, 14 Slavey Raychev, 15 Georgi Khristov, 16 Bogomil Chanev (Coach: Dimitar Mitev)

1973 EuroBasket: finished 6th among 12 teams

4 Khristo Doychinov, 5 Georgi Stojanov, 6 Pando Pandov, 7 Rumen Pejchev, 8 Ivaylo Kirov, 9 Khristo Borisov, 10 Marin Romanski, 11 Atanas Golomeev, 12 Boris Krastev, 13 Boycho Branzov, 14 Bogomil Chanev, 15 Georgi Khristov (Coach: Nejcho Nejchev)

1975 EuroBasket: finished 5th among 12 teams

4 Khristo Doychinov, 5 Valentin Petkov, 6 Atanas Stojanov, 7 Docho Petrov, 8 Mikhail Mikhajlov, 9 Valentin Sharkov, 10 Marin Romanski, 11 Atanas Golomeev, 12 Mikhail Dukov, 13 Boycho Branzov, 14 Temelaki Dimitrov, 15 Georgi Khristov (Coach: Ivan Kolev)

1977 EuroBasket: finished 6th among 12 teams

4 Milko Arabadzhijski, 5 Linben Yosifov, 6 Petko Marinov, 7 Stojan Shantov, 8 Ilija Evtimov, 9 Mikail Smochevski, 10 Valentin Sharkov, 11 Atanas Golomeev, 12 Plamen Takev, 13 Atanas Kolev, 14 Todor Bogdanov, 15 Rumen Pejchev (Coach: Nejcho Nejchev)

1979 EuroBasket: finished 11th among 12 teams

4 Georgi Glouchkov, 5 Atanas Kolev, 6 Dimitar Donov, 7 Mikhail Manolov, 8 Ilija Evtimov, 9 Hristo Borissov, 10 Valentin Sharkov, 11 Rumen Pejchev, 12 Ognjan Rusev, 13 Milko Arabadzhijski, 14 Todor Bogdanov, 15 Dimitar Marchin (Coach: Ivan Todorov)

1985 EuroBasket: finished 8th among 12 teams

4 Kojo Koev, 5 Atanas Kolev, 6 Jordan Kolev, 7 Rosen Barchovski, 8 Ilija Evtimov, 9 Saško Vezenkov, 10 Ivan Cenov, 11 Georgi Mladenov, 12 Cvetan Antov, 13 Emil Jonov, 14 Georgi Glouchkov, 15 Ljubomir Amiorkov (Coach: Cvjatko Barchovski)

1989 EuroBasket: finished 7th among 8 teams

4 Kojo Koev, 5 Eduard Vălčev, 6 Jordan Kolev, 7 Robert Gergov, 8 Georgi Glouchkov, 9 Ventsislav Slavov, 10 Ivan Cenov, 11 Saško Vezenkov, 12 Georgi Mladenov, 13 Emil Jonov, 14 Cvetan Antov, 15 Ljubomir Amiorkov (Coach: Kiril Semov)

1991 EuroBasket: finished 8th among 8 teams

4 Ivajlo Ravucov, 5 Cvetan Nedelčev, 6 Jordan Kolev, 7 Robert Gergov, 8 Spas Natov, 9 Plamen Petrov, 10 Ivan Cenov, 11 Saško Vezenkov, 12 Georgi Mladenov, 13 Daniel Dimitrov, 14 Georgi Glouchkov, 15 Lubomir Amiorkov (Coach: Saško Vezenkov)

1993 EuroBasket: finished 16th among 16 teams

4 Stanislav Stankov, 5 Anton Kharalanov, 6 Dimo Kostov, 7 Ivajlo Ravutsov, 8 Spas Natov, 9 Ventsislav Slavov, 10 Daniel Dimitrov, 11 Vladimir Dimitrov, 12 Georgi Mladenov, 13 Vasil Stojanov, 14 Robert Gergov, 15 Lubomir Amiorkov (Coach: Saško Vezenkov)

2005 EuroBasket: finished 13th among 16 teams

4 Dejan Ivanov, 5 Kaloyan Ivanov, 6 Tenčo Banev, 7 Yulian Radionov, 8 Filip Videnov, 9 Yordan Bozov, 10 Georgi Davidov, 11 Dimitar Angelov, 12 Stefan Georgiev, 13 Boyko Mladenov, 14 Hrisimir Dimitrov, 15 Todor Stoykov (Coach: Rosen Barchovski)

2009 EuroBasket: finished 16th among 16 teams

4 Deyan Ivanov, 5 Kaloyan Ivanov, 6 Chavdar Kostov, 7 Earl Rowland, 8 Filip Videnov, 9 Stanislav Slaveykov, 10 Stefan Georgiev, 11 Dimitar Angelov, 12 Vassil Evtimov, 13 Boyko Mladenov, 14 Bozhidar Avramov, 15 Todor Stoykov (Coach: Pini Gershon)

2011 EuroBasket: finished 13th among 24 teams

4 Dejan Ivanov, 5 Kaloyan Ivanov, 6 Earl Rowland, 7 Chavdar Kostov, 8 Filip Videnov, 9 Pavel Marinov, 10 Bozhidar Avramov, 11 Zlatin Georgiev, 12 Aleksandar Yanev, 13 Asen Velikov, 14 Tencho Banev, 15 Nikolay Varbanov (Coach: Rosen Barchovski)

2022 EuroBasket: finished 20th among 24 teams

0 Ivan Alipiev, 1 Dee Bost, 2 Deyan Karamfilov, 9 Chavdar Kostov (C), 12 Aleksandar Yanev, 17 Emil Stoilov, 22 Pavlin Ivanov, 23 Stanimir Marinov, 24 Andrey Ivanov, 34 Dimitar Dimitrov, 41 Sasha Vezenkov, 99 Aleks Simeonov (Coach: Rosen Barchovski)

title: Bulgaria men's national basketball team


text:
Rokytnice v Orlických horách

Rokytnice v Orlických horách (Rokitnitz in Adlergebirge) is a town in Rychnov nad Kněžnou District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,200 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.

Administrative parts
The village of Nebeská Rybná is an administrative part of Rokytnice v Orlických horách.

Geography
Rokytnice v Orlických horách is located about 13 km east of Rychnov nad Kněžnou and 44 km east of Hradec Králové. It lies in the Orlické Mountains. The highest point is a mountain at 951 m above sea level. The small river of Rokytenka flows through the municipality.

History
The first written mention of Rokytnice v Orlických horách is from 1318. In 1548, a water fortress was built. From 1567, Rokytnice was owned by various German noble families and colonized by German people, especially craftsmen. From 1712 to 1938, the Jewish community was present. The Germans made up the majority of population until 1945, when they were expelled.

Transport
The railway line of local importance to Doudleby nad Orlicí starts here.

Sights
The most valuable building is the Rokytnice v Orlických horách Castle. It was built in 1600 during the rule of Kryštof Mauschwitz of Armenruh, who has demolished the old fortress and had built the late Renaissance castle.

The Church of All Saints was built in 1679–1684 on the site of a wooden church from the 14th century, which was destroyed by a fire in 1661.

Notable people

 * Else Kastner-Michalitschke (1868–1939), Austrian writer
 * Elfriede Kuzmany (1915–2006), Austrian actress

title: Rokytnice v Orlických horách