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Ashgrove, Queensland

Ashgrove is a suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the, Ashgrove had a population of 13,450 people.

Geography
Ashgrove is located approximately 5.1 km by road north-west of the Brisbane GPO. Ashgrove is a leafy residential suburb characterised by its hilly terrain and characteristic Ashgrovian houses built in the early 20th century. While many of the surrounding suburbs have seen an increase in the number of residential apartments built in the past decade, Ashgrove remains predominantly a suburb of detached single dwelling houses, with many old Queenslander homes in the area.

Dorrington (originally named the suburb of Oakleigh until 1946) and St Johns Wood were suburbs in their own right until they were absorbed into Ashgrove in 1975. To this day these neighbourhood names are still in common use, as many residents still associate their residence locations with these former names.

History
Ashgrove's native name is 'Kallindarbin' and was originally inhabited by the indigenous 'Turrbal' or 'Duke of York clan'. The main thoroughfare, Waterworks Road, was built on a Turrbal pathway that led to Mount Coot-tha, a place of the 'Honey-Bee Dreaming' and to the Enoggera Reservoir. The first sales of freehold land commenced in 1856, and ceased in 1875 when all available land was sold. Soon after sale of land stopped, the first school (the Ashgrove State School) and post office was established.

The area remained primarily a farming district until the end of the 19th century, when growth accelerated with the sale of land which housed one of the first homesteads in the area, the 'Granite House' in the area still known as St Johns Wood.

Ashgrove State School opened on 22 January 1877. A preschool centre was attached on 2 May 1944.

In July 1878, 25 lots of the Ithaca Creek Estate portion 664 were offered for sale, surveyed by E. MacDonnell. A plan shows the lots with one frontage to Waterworks Road and the other to Ithaca Creek. A classified advertisement states the estate is situated just beyond the residences of Messrs. E. Hooker, W. Arundell, and Craig, adjoining on the city side the property of Mr C. J. Graham.

Two portions of the Holmesbrook Estate were advertised for sale by auction on 16 December 1878 by John Cameron. The estate was advertised as 160 half acre allotments bordered to the north by Enoggera Creek and to the south by the main Waterworks Road.

Circa 1880, 11 subdivided allotments of "Bristol Estate" were auctioned by J. Barger & Co. A map advertising the auction shows that the Estate is on Main Waterworks Road.

In November 1888, 67 subdivided allotments of "Lilley's Hill" were auctioned by W. J. Hooker. A map advertising the auction shows that the site has frontages to: Main Waterworks Road, Clifton Street, Clifton Terrace, Windsor Road, Oval (Victoria Street) Road, Prospect Terrace, and Charles Street (now Speedy Street).

In April 1914, 95 residential sites named as Hawthorn Park, formerly known as Sir Samuel Griffiths Paddock were auctioned by Cameron Brothers. A map advertising the auction states that the estate is four minutes' walk from the Red Hill tram line. The land faces the main Waterworks Road and Woodland Street to the north.

In July 1917, the "Greenwood Estate", made up of 68 allotments surrounding Quandong Street, was advertised to be auctioned by Isles, Love & Co. A map advertising the auction states that the estate was three minutes' walk from the Newmarket tram terminus. The auction was delayed, and was held on 8 September 1917.

In January 1919, Archbishop of Brisbane James Duhig dedicated a chapel at Ashgrove in the house Beth-Eden. It was planned to build a church and school on the site later. On Sunday 24 April 1921 Duhig laid the foundation stone for the church. Onn Sunday 14 August 1921 Duhig officially opened and blessed St Finbarr's Catholic Church. In May 1924 Ashgrove separated from the Red Hill Catholic parish and become an independent parish.

In 1924, the tram line was extended from Red Hill, Queensland to Ashgrove, along Waterworks Road, connecting the suburb with the rest of Brisbane. The tram line closed on 5 August 1968.

In March 1924, the house Glen Lyon and 14 acres of surrounding land were purchased by Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brisbane for a Catholic seminary. On Sunday 5 October 1924 Archbishop Duhig blessed the site, noting that Queensland had many candidates for the priesthood who had to be sent to New South Wales for their training, when it was the duty of every diocese to have its own seminary. In August 1924, land was advertised for sale in the Glenlyon Gardens Extension, (Fraser's Paddock) estate by T.M. Burke. A map advertising the sale shows the land bordered by Stewart Road to the north (now Frasers Road) and Mirrabooka Road to the east.

In 1925, the house Grantuly was purchased to establish a Catholic school and a convent. Archbishop Duhig invited the Sisters of Charity (then in Sydney) to establish the school and convent. St Finbarr's Catholic School opened on 1 June 1925. In 1927 a new primary school was built beside St Finbarr's Catholic Church and Grantuly then become a Catholic secondary school for girls. In 1941 it became known as Mt St Michael's College. The primary school passed into lay leadership in 1981 but the Sisters of Charity Education Council still operate the college.

A map advertised the sale of 800 allotments at Royal Park Estate, now The Gap and St. John's Wood Extension Estate, Ashgrove by F. M. Anglim in August 1927.

Oakleigh State School opened on 29 January 1934.

Ashgrove Presbyterian Church opened on Saturday 7 March 1936 at 16 Oleander Avenue. In 1959 it was modified and renamed St David's Presbyterian Church. With the amalgamation of the Presbyterian Church into the Uniting Church of Australia, in 1977 St David's became part of the Ashgrove parish of the Uniting Church. Since at least 1996 it has been a private home. It was listed on the Brisbane Heritage Register on 30 October 2000.

Marist College Ashgrove opened on 29 January 1940. It was established by the Marist Brothers under the leadership of headmaster Brother Ignatius O'Connor.

On 5 February 1950, Archbishop Duhig laid the foundation stone for Mater Dei Catholic primary school at 7 Lynwood Crescent. On 5 February 1951 the school opened with 50-55 students and two teachers, Sister Sebastian and Sister Patrick of the Sisters of Charity who travelled back and forward between their convent at Grantuly each day. On 5 August 1951 Duhig officially opened the school. On 19 March 1961 Duhig laid the foundation stone for the new convent at Mater Dei which was officially opened and blessed by him on 9 December 1962. With the declining number of Sisters and the increasing employment of lay teachers, in September 1974 the two remaining sisters in parish returned to live at the convent at Grantuly and the Mater Dei convent building was used to expand the school. In 1985 Sister Anne Crowley completed 33 years of service, handing over the leadership of the school to lay principal Greg Lang, ending the Sisters' involvement with the school.

St Paul's Anglican Church was opened on 15 June 1952 by Archbishop of Brisbane Reginald Halse. Its lychgate containing the church bell was dedicated to the memory of King George VI. It replaced an earlier wooden church.

The Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd was dedicated on 23 August 1959 by Archbishop Halse. It had two street frontages at 7 Firhill Street and 21 Baileys Road (-27.4493°N, 152.97129°W). Following the construction of St Mark's Anglican Church at The Gap in 1978, declining support for the Church of the Good Shepherd led to its closure on 29 December 1985. It was sold to the Baptist Church and re-opened as the Ashgrove Baptist Church (-27.4494°N, 152.97129°W) on 3 September 1988.

The Ashgrove Library opened in 1967 with a major refurbishment in 2011.

In 2006, Ashgrove celebrated 'Ashgrove 150', an event organised by the Ashgrove Historical Society to commemorate 150 years of Ashgrove (1856–2006).

Demographics
In the, Ashgrove had a population of 13,039 people.

In the, Ashgrove had a population of 13,450 people.

Heritage listings
Ashgrove has many heritage-listed sites.

Amenities
The suburb contains a variety of multicultural restaurants (Thai, Indian, Italian, Japanese, Chinese, Modern Australian), numerous cafes, various shopping amenities (including Coles, Aldi and Woolworths supermarkets).

The Brisbane City Council operates a public library at 87 Amarina Avenue (-27.4439°N, 152.987°W).

St Paul's Anglican Church is at 290 Waterworks Road (corner Jubilee Terrace, -27.4462°N, 152.9896°W).

Ashgrove West Uniting Church is at 491Waterworks Road (corner with Glory Street, -27.4484°N, 152.9773°W).

Bus
Ashgrove is serviced by multiple council buses running along Stewart and Waterworks Roads into the central business district. Ashgrove is also a stop on the route of the cross-town Great Circle Line (598/599) which links the four major shopping malls of Brisbane.

It also hosts the northern terminus of the route 61 Maroon CityGlider which is one of two high profile, frequent, and long span "CityGlider" services strongly promoted by the Brisbane City Council. This service provides a cross town function linking Ashgrove with Paddington boutiques and cafes, Suncorp stadium, Caxton Street food and pub precinct, King George Square in the City Centre, Southbank Parklands and cultural district, 'The Gabba', Woolloongabba dining and antique district and Stones Corner cafe strip and outlet shopping.

Cycling
Ashgrove contains two major bicycle shared paths via Ithaca and Enoggera Creeks which provide a pleasant, mostly flat, off-road and backstreets commuter route to the Royal Brisbane hospital and onwards to the City Centre via the inner northern bikeway. Much of the route winds through pleasant treed parklands.

Education

Ashgrove State School is a government primary (Prep–6) school for boys and girls at 31 Glory Street (-27.4481°N, 152.9765°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 785 students with 57 teachers (49 full-time equivalent) and 21 non-teaching staff (14 full-time equivalent). It includes a special education program.

Oakleigh State School is a government primary (Prep–6) school for boys and girls at Buxton Street (-27.4365°N, 152.9858°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 502 students with 40 teachers (29 full-time equivalent) and 25 non-teaching staff (13 full-time equivalent).

St Finbarr's Catholic Primary School is a Catholic primary (Prep–6) school for boys and girls at Betheden Terrace (-27.4463°N, 152.9941°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 190 students with 21 teachers (15 full-time equivalent) and 9 non-teaching staff (4 full-time equivalent).

Mater Dei Catholic Primary School is a Catholic primary (Prep–6) school for boys and girls at 7 Lynwood Crescent (-27.4489°N, 152.9736°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 247 students with 20 teachers (16 full-time equivalent) and 15 non-teaching staff (8 full-time equivalent).

Mt St Michael's College is a Catholic secondary (7–12) school for girls at 67 Elimatta Drive (-27.4447°N, 152.9881°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 851 students with 75 teachers (67 full-time equivalent) and 41 non-teaching staff (30 full-time equivalent).

Marist College Ashgrove is a Catholic primary and secondary (5–12) school for boys at 142 Frasers Road (-27.4401°N, 152.9803°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 1,627 students with 136 teachers (128 full-time equivalent) and 102 non-teaching staff (92 full-time equivalent).

Clubs and sports
The best known club in the area, GPS Rugby Football Club (known as 'Jeeps'), is one of the oldest established clubs in the area and plays at the Ashgrove Sports Ground, which dates back to 1887. The club has contributed 29 players to the Wallabies.

The ground also hosts the Valley District Cricket Club, which has provided both Queensland Sheffield Shield players and Australian players, including Matthew Hayden and Allan Border, and the Ashgrove Lawn Bowls Club. As well as this, there is a large Scouting group in St Johns Wood.

Ashgrove cricket club has had a long history as a club and in 2015 celebrated its 100th year. Ashgrove cricket club is part of Qld cricket and is part of the Qld sub district association. In the history of the club, home grounds have been at Gibson park Red Hill which is now the home of the Broncos Rugby League club. Other grounds included Dorrington park and The Gap high school was one of the most recent venues up until 2014. Now Ashgrove Cricket home ground is at Everton District AFL situated at Mott Street Enoggera. Players of average to very good are encouraged to participate in a friendly and competitive competition that runs every Saturday from the end of August through March with semi finals and grand finals to round out the competition. Flexibility of availability is a good option for players and can work around those who can play but not every week. Multiple grades cater for ability and availability.

The Ashgrove Rangers Athletics Club (The Rangers) is one of the oldest athletics clubs in Brisbane. Formed in 1962 at Dorrington Park, its members have competed at all levels including state, national and international competitions across track, field and cross-country events. The club now competes and trains across a range of sporting fields in Brisbane's West including the hosting of a 4 km race once a month at the GPS Rugby Fields called "The Flying 4". The Rangers celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2022 with the publication of a book title "The Ashgrove Rangers Athletic Club: The First 60 years 1962 - 2022". The club also has a close relationship with a number of local schools and sporting clubs where its coaches provide specialist mobility and event support. The Club's Patron is the Member for Electoral district of Cooper and Vice Patron the Councillor for The Gap Ward.

Notable people from Ashgrove

 * Corey Brown (footballer) student at Marist College Ashgrove
 * Sir Julius Chan, former Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea boarding student at Marist College Ashgrove
 * John Connolly, former Wallabies coach student at Marist College Ashgrove
 * Des Connor, former rugby union player student at Marist College Ashgrove
 * John Eales, former captain of the Wallabies attended Marist College
 * Pietro Figlioli, Olympian – water polo student at Marist College Ashgrove
 * Macklin Freke, Brisbane Roar goalkeeper, grew up in Ashgrove.
 * Ben Griffin, soccer player student at Marist College Ashgrove
 * Deryck Guyler (English Actor) emigrated to Australia and retired in Ashgrove until his death in 1999
 * Matthew Hayden, Australian and Queensland cricketer student at Marist College Ashgrove
 * Daniel Heenan (rugby union) student at Marist College Ashgrove
 * Anthony Herbert (Former Australian Rugby Wallaby) attended the Marist School and still lives in Ashgrove
 * Daniel Herbert, former rugby union player student at Marist College Ashgrove
 * Nick Kruger, Queensland Bulls cricket player
 * Bill Ludwig OAM, Australian trade union official, is National President and Queensland state secretary of the Australian Workers' Union (AWU)
 * Andrew McGahan, novelist student at Marist College Ashgrove
 * Humphrey McQueen, Author and Historian student at Marist College Ashgrove
 * Ray Meagher, (actor) student at Marist College Ashgrove
 * Tobie Bright, professional esports gamer for NRG with a total winnings of $678,00
 * Sean O'Brien, Australian professional windsurfer and Olympic Sailing Team coach student at Marist College Ashgrove
 * Kevin Rudd, Australia's former prime minister boarded at Marist College Ashgrove as a child
 * Harry Bryant, Internet personality and YouTuber, rose to fame after his iconic video 'Sweaty FART Prank on my SISTER?!' went viral
 * Andrew Stockdale from Wolfmother lived in Ashgrove as a child and attended Ashgrove State School
 * Lev Susany, Australian powerlifter and Commonwealth record holder student at Marist College Ashgrove
 * Meta Truscott, Australian diarist and Ashgrove historian
 * Keith Urban, country music singer (married to Nicole Kidman) attended Ashgrove State School (Primary)

title: Ashgrove, Queensland


text: User talk:71.132.151.35

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:71.132.151.35


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Talk:Henley Business School South Africa

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:34, 31 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Henley Shield.png


text: Category:Communications in Guadeloupe

title: Category:Communications in Guadeloupe


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Talk:Azadi Tower

I was wondering if anybody knew the proper pronouncation of "Azadi"

 * Āzādī--Zereshk 16:04, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

merging
I suggest the pages be merged under the title "Azadi Tower", and we can say there that: "Azadi Tower is located in Azadi Squre..." etc.

Any takers?--Zereshk 16:04, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Sounds good. AucamanTalk 01:29, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

CAD??
The article claims that the design i.e., number and shape of marble blocks, was designed by computer. Really? In 1969?? --46.51.44.171 (talk) 05:37, 4 October 2015 (UTC)r

 * According to the website of Hossein Amanat, the designer of the tower, computers were used "to define its complex woven surfaces," it was apparently a new technology. I've edited the article, with citations, to reflect this. AJORDAN (talk) 21:19, 20 February 2017 (UTC)

URGENT: A user renamed the page in both the English and Persian Wikipedia pages
The official name of the tower has been the Azadi Tower since 1979. But someone under the name of @IRFakeFreeAN hijacked both the English and Persian Wikipedia pages and did a page-move vandalism in both versions and renamed both versions into the "Shahyad Tower" (the former name before the Iranian Revolution). I've just renamed the English Wikipedia page back and removed any indications that the "Shahyad Tower" is the current name in both the English and Persian Wikipedia pages, but I can't move the Persian Wikipedia page.

I'm neutral in this page, but please follow the official (after 1979) name! Also please forward this to the Persian Wikipedia admins, as well as maybe Wikidata as well, since I can't move the Persian Wikipedia page (I might not be autoconfirmed yet in the Persian Wikipedia). Gibranalnn (talk) 09:29, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Azadi Tower


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Astaire

Astaire may refer to:

People

 * Adele Astaire (1896–1981), American dancer and entertainer
 * Fred Astaire (1899–1987), American dancer, singer, and actor
 * Jarvis Astaire (1923–2021), British boxing promoter and film producer
 * Simon Astaire (born 1961), British novelist, screenwriter, media advisor, and film producer

Other uses

 * Astaire (horse), a racehorse
 * Astaire, now Blondfire, a Brazilian-American band

title: Astaire


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Orlando Sirola

Orlando Sirola (30 April 1928 – 13 November 1995) was a male tennis player from Italy.

Biography
Sirola was born in Fiume, today the Croatian city of Rijeka. He only began playing tennis at the age of 22.

In 1958 he won the singles title at the Bavarian Tennis Championships in Munich after a five-set victory in the final against Luis Ayala.

Sirola's best result in a Grand Slam singles event was at Roland Garros in 1960, where he beat #1 seed, Barry MacKay in the Quarterfinals to reach the Semifinals. He also won the Roland Garros doubles title in 1959, partnering Nicola Pietrangeli. He was a member of the Italian teams which finished runners-up to Australia in the Davis Cup in 1960 and 1961.

title: Orlando Sirola


text: User talk:68.41.166.197

title: User talk:68.41.166.197


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Red Gone Wild: Thee Album

Red Gone Wild: Thee Album is the sixth studio album by rapper Redman. It was released on March 27, 2007 via his own label Gilla House Records in conjunction with Def Jam Recordings.

Background
The album was delayed numerous times by Def Jam and Redman himself, with early promotion dating back to DMX's 2003 album, Grand Champ. As found in the booklet for Ghostface's The Pretty Toney Album, the album was slated to be relessed in the summer of 2004, but was delayed. Redman stated that he didn't want his album to get under promoted like recent Def Jam albums from Method Man, Ghostface, and The Roots, which explained the long delay for the release of Red Gone Wild. He also stated that he was waiting for the right time to drop it in hip hop's fast changing landscape.

The first single was "Put It Down" (produced by Timbaland) with additional vocals by DJ Kool.

The album leaked onto the Internet on March 22, 2007. Following its release, the album debuted at number 13 on the U.S. Billboard 200, selling about 44,000 copies in its first week.

Music videos
A music video was shot for "Da Countdown (The Saga Continues)", which was going to be the first single back in 2004.

Another music video, for "Fuck da Security/Rush da Security," can be found on the UK release as a bonus track.

Smack DVD shot a music video for "Gillahouse Check."

Official videos were made for "Put It Down" featuring a guest appearance by MTV personality Vincent "Don Vito" Margera, and "Get 'Em" featuring Gilla House artists Saukrates and Icadon.

Videos were produced for "Gimmie One" and "Freestyle Freestyle."

Leftover tracks
In 2002, there was talk of guest appearances by Eminem & 50 Cent, Christina Aguilera, and P. Diddy, with a release date set as early as March 2003, but it is not known if those songs were ever recorded. In that time period, the album had the rumored title Re-Vended. In 2003, Redman told The Source he was going for a different feel then his previous albums with production by Fred Wreck, JellyRoll, and MegaHertz among others. Tracks mentioned were "Car Banga", "Reggie's Got A Gun", and "Blow Your Doors Off". Even though a lot changed since then, the overall tracks that were supposed to be on the album made it onto the final cut.

Leftover tracks include "I C Dead People" produced by Eminem, and "Future Thugs" produced by Black Key and featuring Ghostface Killah, Ludacris & Icadon. In 2005, Redman played a song titled "Be a Gorilla" which was never released.

In two particular interviews, Redman mentioned he did 10 tracks with Scott Storch and four with Timbaland. It was rumored that Redman recorded as many as 300 studio songs between 2001 and 2007.

Track listing

 * Leftover Tracks
 * "Let's Go"
 * "I C Dead People"
 * "Future Thugs" (featuring Ghostface Killah, Ludacris, & Icadon)
 * "Da Countdown (The Saga Continues)"

Samples
"Gimmie One"

 * "The Break In" by Marvin Gaye

"Walk in Gutta"

 * "Heart of Glass" by Blondie
 * "El Shabazz" by LL Cool J
 * "Change The Beat" by Beside & Fab 5 Freddy
 * "Just Rhymin' With Biz" by Big Daddy Kane

"Wutchoogonnado"

 * "Midnight Groove" by Love Unlimited Orchestra

"Dis Iz Brick City"

 * "You're the Joy of My Life" by Millie Jackson

"Rite Now"

 * "Right Now Right Now" by Al Green

"Blow Treez"

 * "The Sun Is Shining" by Bob Marley

"Mr. Ice Cream Man" (skit)"

 * "The Entertainer" by Scott Joplin

"Hold Dis Blaow!"

 * "Things Done Changed" by Notorious B.I.G.

"Merry Jane"

 * "Mary Jane" by Rick James

"Gilla House Check"

 * "Snip Snap" by Goblin

"Soopaman Luva 6 (Part I, Part 2)"

 * "Give Me Your Love (Love Song)" by Curtis Mayfield

Personnel

 * John Bender – engineer (7)
 * Blam – additional vocals (23)
 * Demacio "Demo" Castellon – mixing (3)
 * James Czeiner – engineer (22)
 * Supa Engineer DURO – mixing (12, 13, 21)
 * Tasha Ferguson – additional vocals (18)
 * Conrad Golding – engineer (8)
 * Gov Mattic – additional vocals (13)
 * Wendisue Hall – additional vocals (1)
 * Dee Jay – engineer (3)
 * Mike Koch – engineer (10, 18)
 * DJ Kool – additional vocals (3)
 * Fabian Marascuillo – mixing (1, 4, 6-11, 14, 16, 18, 22, 23)
 * Chris Pinset – engineer (23)
 * Justin Rossi – engineer (1, 2, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 19, 21-23)
 * Jamey Staubb – engineer (4)
 * David "Gordo" Strickland – engineer (13, 17)
 * Tommy Uzzo – mixing (2, 17, 19)

title: Red Gone Wild: Thee Album


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of songs whose title includes a phone number

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. -Doc (?) 23:08, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

List of songs whose title includes a phone number

 * See Centralized discussion/Lists of songs.

Utterly trivial list.
 * Speedy delete as phonecruft with no potential of passing the stub line. --SuperDude 02:51, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Sadly not a Speedy this List of Songs Cruft is getting dumber and dumber whats next List of songs that does not exist or List of songs that put people to sleep --JAranda | yeah 03:35, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The latter list would be very long —Wahoofive (talk) 04:39, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * That is a reductio ad absurdum that is flawed because it is based upon a false analogy. A list of songs that put people to sleep has a problem of being an original research magnet, in that it tempts people to add songs to the list that put xem xemselves to sleep.  This article does not have such a problem.  There are no subjective criteria inherent in whether or not a song title contains a telephone number. Uncle G 12:45, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Beechwood-four-five-seven-eight-nine...you can go ahead and just delete any ol' time. --FuriousFreddy 03:40, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as listcruft. --Blackcap | talk 06:20, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Invaluable. Where else would I find a list of songs with phone numbers in their title, were I to have a need to research this subject, but Wikipedia? --Centauri 06:26, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Why would you need to research such a thing to begin with? - Mgm|(talk) 09:06, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I did research such a thing two years ago when I did a paper on communication systems in pop culture. If only this had existed then... --Jacquelyn Marie 16:45, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unencyclopedic. Xoloz 09:30, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Maybe, if someone was really bored, they could create a category for this. The Land 09:11, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, we shouldn't have lists for everything. Punkmorten 12:01, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The list's selection criteria are neither excessively narrow nor excessively broad. The list does not contain an inherent bias, and is not by its nature an original research magnet as some other lists are.  Yes, this is slanted towards people who come to Wikipedia looking for answers to trivia quiz questions.  But so are the thirty-five articles listed at Template:Lists of US Presidents and Vice Presidents.  And it is conceivable that a person who knew of one song whose title includes a telephone number would want to know whether there were others.  Keep. Uncle G 12:45, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I don't like the way the list is done but I could imagine being bored enough on a cold and wet day to think "hmm.. which other songs have telephone numbers in". I don't know that that makes it a good article.  Maybe I just need more of a life? Marcus22 13:50, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, it wouldn't have been created and maintained if it wasn't of interest. - SimonP 13:51, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Trivia, not encyclopedic. There is no connection in these songs apart from the use of phone numbers. A list of songs that were performed at the roriginal Live Aid concert, or have won Academy Awards is notable. This isn't. Average Earthman 14:31, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Uncle G. Pburka 15:54, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Uncle G. Crypticfirefly 16:12, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Uncle G -- but I would like a clean up. --Jacquelyn Marie 16:44, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, agree with Centauri -- although... maybe not invaluable. Where else but wikipedia could you find someone who has put together such a list for you? even if most people will laugh. gren グレン 20:56, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete This is an encyclopædia, not an indiscriminate collection of information. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 22:16, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Quale 04:52, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Uncle G. --Apyule 06:06, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please jacquelyn marie really makes a strong reason for including this list here so please do not erase this Yuckfoo 19:12, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per Uncle G. ~⌈Markaci⌋ 2005-10-5 T 00:38:00 Z
 * Keep, not necessarily on Wikipedia. JFW | T@lk  23:48, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I was all set to vote delete and then Jacquelyn Marie comes along with an excellent rationale to hang onto this. Denni ☯ 01:57, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Category talk:Disco groups

Does someone want to start a Goombay Dance Band article? Htaccess 02:51, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

What is this? Do you really consider Erasure and Pet Shop Boys to be Disco bands?

title: Category talk:Disco groups


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Love Jones (film)

Love Jones (stylized as love jones) is a 1997 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Theodore Witcher, in his feature film directing debut. The film stars Larenz Tate, Nia Long, Isaiah Washington, Bill Bellamy, and Lisa Nicole Carson.

Two of the poems recited by Nia Long's character, Nina, were written by Sonia Sanchez and are included in her book Like the Singing Coming Off the Drums: Love Poems.

Love Jones had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 17, 1997, and was released in the United States on March 14, 1997, by New Line Cinema. Although the film received favorable critical reviews, it was not a financial success. It is Theodore Witcher's only directorial work to date.

Plot
In Chicago, Darius Lovehall is a poet who is giving a reading at the Sanctuary, an upscale nightclub presenting jazz and poetry to a bohemian clientele. Shortly before his set, he meets Nina Mosley, a gifted photographer. They exchange small talk, and Darius makes his interest clear when he retitles his love poem "A Blues For Nina". A mutual attraction is sparked between them. Darius runs into Nina for the second time at the record store and asks her out for drinks. Nina tells him it's bad timing, but Darius doesn't want to take no for an answer. He talks his friend Sheila into letting him copy Nina's address from the check she wrote, goes to another record store to get the CD she was looking for and then shows up at her place unexpectedly to deliver the CD and ask her out for a second time. They have sex on the first date, but neither Darius or Nina are sure what to do next. Nina has just gotten out of a relationship and is unsure if she still cares for her old boyfriend; Darius, meanwhile, is unsure about whether or not to admit that he really cares for Nina.

Just as Darius dares to begin believing that Nina could be "the one," Nina's ex-beau Marvin invites her to join him in New York to try to work things out. After a night with Darius, Nina tells him that she is going to New York because of unfinished business. More as a test of Darius' feelings than as an earnest attempt to resolve things with Marvin, Nina leaves, only to return to find that Darius has been fooling around with another woman. At this, Nina steps out with Darius' self-satisfied buddy Hollywood, sparking a blowup between the men and a reconciliation between the lovers, which does not last, requiring yet another separation and subsequent attempt to set things right.

Cast

 * Larenz Tate as Darius Lovehall
 * Nia Long as Nina Mosley
 * Isaiah Washington as Savon Garrison
 * Lisa Nicole Carson as Josie Nichols
 * Bill Bellamy as Hollywood
 * Leonard Roberts as Eddie Coles
 * Bernadette Speakes as Sheila Downes (as Bernadette L. Clarke)
 * Khalil Kain as Marvin Cox

Production
The producers of Love Jones stated that they wanted to make a modern film about African-American life that did not use violence and recreational drugs as elements in the story.

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 76% approval rating based on reviews from 29 critics, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The consensus summarizes: "An endearing romance that puts a fairly fresh perspective on familiar framework, Love Jones is worth falling for." On Metacritic it has a score of 65% based on reviews from 22 critics. Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "A" on scale of A to F.

Roger Ebert gave the film a score of three out of four stars, and expressed the view that "There is also a bow to the unconventional in the ending of his film. Many love stories contrive to get their characters together at the end. This one contrives, not to keep them apart, but to bring them to a bittersweet awareness that is above simple love. Some audience members would probably prefer a romantic embrace in the sunset, as the music swells. But Love Jones is too smart for that." He also noted on the acting: "It's hard to believe that Tate--so smooth, literate and attractive here--played the savage killer O-Dog in Menace II Society. Nia Long was Brandi, one of the girl friends, in Boyz n the Hood. Love Jones extends their range, to put it mildly".

James Berardinelli, writing for ReelReviews, also awarded the film three out of four stars, writing that "There are several reasons why this film works better than the common, garden-variety love story. To begin with, the setting and texture are much different than that of most mainstream romances. The culture, in which post-college African Americans mingle while pursuing careers and relationships, represents a significant change from what we're used to. The Sanctuary, the intimate Chicago nightclub where Darius and Nina meet, is rich in its eclectic, bluesy atmosphere. And Love Jones's dialogue is rarely trite. When the characters open their mouths, it usually is because they have something intelligent to say, not because they're trying to fill up dead air with meaningless words".

Home media
The film was released on VHS by New Line Home Entertainment. It later received a standalone DVD release, as well as a New Line "double feature" DVD release, the latter of which also included the 1996 film A Thin Line Between Love and Hate.

A 4K restoration of the film was released on Blu-ray by the Criterion Collection on March 29, 2022.

title: Love Jones (film)


text:
Aitkenvale, Queensland

Aitkenvale is a suburb of Townsville in the City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. In the, Aitkenvale had a population of 4,797 people.

Geography
Aitkenvale is a major commercial and residential district of the city. The suburb is home to Townsville's biggest shopping centre and is home to branches of numerous companies. Aitkenvale is the biggest commercial centre in Townsville outside of the Townsville CBD, and is often referred to as the second CBD. Besides offices and shopping centres, the suburb is mainly residential and has some light industrial warehouses and workshops in the top north-eastern corner of the suburb. There is also a picturesque parkland along the bank of the Ross River.

Ross River Road runs through from east to west, and Douglas–Garbutt Road (Nathan Street) runs along the western boundary.

History
Aitkenvale is situated in the traditional Wulgurukaba Aboriginal country. The suburb is named after Thomas Aitken, the original grantee of Portion 38, Parish of Coonambelah. He began subdividing the property during the 1880s, putting 440 quarter-acre residential allotments on the market in 1885. A dairy farm was established in the region by Thomas Aitken in about 1867; the two remaining buildings of this farm (described as the Herdsman's Cottage and Cordial Factory) are still standing on what is now Leopold Street adjacent to Ross River.

Aitkenvale Methodist Church opened in 1885 on its current site. It was a small hall that was destroyed by Cyclone Sigma in 1896. Church services were then held in private homes until a new hall was built in 1914. During World War II, the Royal Australian Air Force occupied the building with services again being held in private homes. In 1959 the church building was moved to the western side of the block (where it still stands) in preparation for a new church to be built. The new brick church was officially opened in 1971. In 1975 the church initiated the Lifeline telephone counselling service in Townsville. With the creation of the Uniting Church in Australia in 1977, the Aitkenvale Methodist Church merged with St Stephen's Presbyterian Church to form the Aitkenvale Uniting Church.

The Townsville Golf Club is the oldest golf club in Queensland, having been established at Kissing Point in 1893. The club relocated to Aitkenvale in 1921, and then relocated to Rosslea in 1924.

Aitkenvale State School opened on 2 June 1924. During World War II, it was occupied by the Australian Armed Forces.

During the Second World War, Aitkenvale was home to the US Army's 13th Station Hospital, which comprised a 450-bed facility, located on the corner of Hatchett Street and Ross River Road. Also, during the war, The area was the site of an aerodrome, located near Aitkenvale Weir on the banks of the Ross River. It was built in 1942 for the Royal Australian Air Force as part of a group of wartime airfields. The facility fell into disuse following the war, with the land eventually being redeveloped for housing.

Riverside Adventist Christian School opened on 14 January 1968.

The Aitkenvale public library opened in 1971.

Aitkenvale Special School opened on 28 August 1972. It closed on 31 December 2001, to be merged with Mundingburra Special School in Mundingburra to create the Townsville Community Learning Centre on the site of the former Mundingburra Special School.

The suburb was affected by the 2019 Townsville flood with riverside areas around Thompson Street inundated, along with Ross River Road adjacent to the Aitkenvale Library where two bodies were found nearby in the aftermath.

Demographics
In the, Aitkenvale had a population of 4,790 people. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 6.7% of the population. 73.3% of people were born in Australia. 79.0% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Somali at 2.2%. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 27.0%, Catholic 23.8% and Anglican 14.0%.

In the, Aitkenvale had a population of 4,797 people.

Education
Aitkenvale State School is a government primary (Prep–6) school for boys and girls at 67–85 Wotton Street (-19.2967°N, 146.763°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 492 students with 42 teachers (39 full-time equivalent) and 26 non-teaching staff (18 full-time equivalent). It includes an intensive English language program.

Riverside Adventist Christian School is a private primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 59 Leopold Street (-19.3056°N, 146.7677°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 50 students with 5 teachers (4 full-time equivalent) and 3 non-teaching staff (2 full-time equivalent).

There are no secondary schools in Aitkenvale. The nearest government secondary schools are Heatley Secondary College in neighbouring Heatley to the north-west and Pimlico State High School in neighbouring Gulliver to the north-east.

Shopping
Townsville Shopping Centre is a shopping centre on the block bounded by Nathan Street, Ross River Road, Elizabeth Street and Alfred Street (-19.2993°N, 146.7631°W) with the following major tenants:
 * Myer
 * Big W
 * Woolworths
 * Kmart (Cranbrook end)
 * Coles (Cranbrook end)

Parks
There are a number of parks in the area:

 * Aitkenvale Park (-19.294°N, 146.7717°W)
 * Illich Park (-19.2942°N, 146.7652°W)
 * Leopold Street Park (-19.3065°N, 146.7672°W)
 * Riverview Park (-19.3076°N, 146.7729°W)
 * Rossiter Park (-19.3067°N, 146.7633°W)
 * Sabadine Street Park (-19.291°N, 146.7727°W)

Churches
Aitkenvale Uniting Church is at 277-279 Ross River Road (-19.2965°N, 146.7676°W).

Public Libraries

 * CityLibraries Aitkenvale at 4 Petunia Street, operated by CityLibraries Townsville

Sporting Grounds

 * Illich Park (Centrals Rugby League)
 * Aitkenvale Park (Saints Eagles Souths Football Club)

title: Aitkenvale, Queensland


text:
B. J. Young (ice hockey)

Jerry Franklin "B. J." Young II (July 23, 1977 – November 30, 2005) was an American professional ice hockey right winger. He was drafted by the Detroit Red Wings in the sixth round, 157th overall, of the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. He played one game in the National Hockey League with Red Wings.

Young played junior hockey with the Tri-City Americans and Red Deer Rebels of the Western Hockey League (WHL). While with Red Deer he led the WHL in goal scoring during the 1996–97 season and was named to the WHL East First All-Star Team. Young spent the majority of his career in the minor leagues playing for the Adirondack Red Wings and Cincinnati Mighty Ducks of the American Hockey League, the Manitoba Moose of the International Hockey League, and the Anchorage/Alaska Aces in both the West Coast Hockey League and ECHL. Born in Anchorage, Alaska Young represented the United States at the 1997 World Junior Championships, winning a silver medal.

Amateur
Young began playing hockey at age four, and by age eight, he was playing travel ice hockey for the Alaska All-Stars. He began his junior career with the Tri-City Americans of the Western Hockey League (WHL). In his first season with the Americans Young scored 19 goals and 43 points in 54 games, adding another goal and two points in two playoff games. During the 1994–95 season, his second, with Tri-City Young was traded to the Red Deer Rebels. Though he only scored 23 points in 51 games between the two teams, Americans' general manager Dennis Beyak stated it was a deal that could come back to haunt them. In his first full season with Red Deer Young had a breakout season scoring 49 goals and 94 points. He followed up by scoring 58 goals and 114 points in 63 games during the 1996–97 season. The goal total led the WHL and he was named to the WHL East First All-Star Team. In the off-season Young was drafted by the National Hockey League's (NHL) Detroit Red Wings in the sixth round, 157th overall, of the 1997 NHL Entry Draft.

Professional
After being drafted Young signed three-year two-way contract with the Red Wings. He played in six preseason games for the Red Wings, but with Detroit being the defending Stanley Cup champions he was unable to make the team out of camp. He began his professional career with Detroit's American Hockey League affiliate, the Adirondack Red Wings. Young played two seasons in Adirondack scoring 67 points in 123 games. In his third professional season Young joined the Cincinnati Mighty Ducks who he led in goals with 25. He also made his NHL debut during the season playing one game for the Red Wings. He played two shifts in the game without registering a point. It was the only NHL game of his career.

In the off-season Young re-signed with Detroit. He returned to Cincinnati but after 42 games Detroit moved Young to the Manitoba Moose in the International Hockey League (IHL). Young finished the year scoring 22 goals and 51 points in 75 games between the two teams. The following season he signed with his hometown Anchorage Aces in the West Coast Hockey League (WCHL). He was named team captain for the 2002–03 season. After which he took a year off from hockey for personal and family matters. Prior to the 2004–05 season he was given a tryout to return to the Aces, now called the Alaska Aces playing in the ECHL. He made the team due in part to making an impression on the coaching staff after not quitting on a difficult conditioning skate. He recorded 13 goals and 35 points in 48 games in his final professional season.

International
Young represented the United States at the 1997 World Junior Championships in Geneva, Switzerland. Young scored two goals and four points in six games helping the US win the silver medal.

Death
Young was killed in a single-car accident in Vancouver, British Columbia on November 30, 2005, when the car he was driving veered off the road, struck a tree and hit a light pole.

Awards

 * Western Hockey League East First All-Star Team - 1997

title: B. J. Young (ice hockey)


text:
Disparagement

Disparagement, in United States trademark law, was a statutory cause of action which permitted a party to petition the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB) of the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) to cancel a trademark registration that "may disparage or falsely suggest a connection with persons, living or dead, institutions, beliefs, or national symbols, or bring them into contempt or disrepute". In 2017, the Supreme Court struck down the disparagement provision as unconstitutional in Matal v. Tam.

Determination
The PTO used a two-step test to determine whether the likely meaning of a mark used in connection with goods and services is disparaging to a group of people:
 * 1) Would the mark be understood, in its context, as referring to an identifiable group of people?
 * 2) May that reference be perceived as disparaging to a substantial composite of that group?

According to Trademark Manual of Examining Procedure §1203.03(b)(i), “If that meaning is found to refer to identifiable persons, institutions, beliefs or national symbols,” the examiner moves to the second step, asking “whether that meaning may be disparaging to a substantial composite of the referenced group.”

Whether a mark involves an identifiable group involves consideration of:
 * 1) The dictionary definition of the term;
 * 2) The relationship of the term and other elements of the mark;
 * 3) The type of product upon which the mark appears; and
 * 4) How the mark will appear in the marketplace.

As noted below, this process was highly subjective and inconsistent. Rather than using standard dictionaries, the Trademark Office often relied upon questionable sources such as Urban Dictionary, a wiki-joke website.

Registration of terms that are historically considered disparaging has been allowed in some circumstances. Self-disparaging trademarks have been allowed where the applicant has shown that the mark as-used is not considered by the relevant group to be disparaging. One example of a registered mark with a self-disparaging term is Dykes on Bikes, a name for a lesbian motorcycle club, that was registered after a protracted legal battle. However, when the same organization applied for a trademark registration on their logo, it was once again rejected under the disparagement provision. Their second application was only granted after Matal v. Tam. Several analyses of the disparagement provision found that many applicants who were using a reappropriated and self-disparaging terms that could otherwise be neutral were rejected primarily because of the connection to the identity of the applicant. This was at issue in Tam, whose application for the term "slant" was denied precisely because he was a member of an all-Asian American band. In other words, Tam's ethnic identity provided the "context" of the mark in how it would appear in the marketplace - and therefore, would be connected with Asian Americans.

Criticism of the Disparagement Provision
The TTAB has interpreted the Lanham Act to give broad standing to parties who claim they may be injured by a mark. Examples of trademarks that were refused or cancelled for disparagement include a depiction of Buddha for beachwear, use of the name of a Muslim group that forbids smoking as a cigarette brand name, and an image consisting of a large "X" over the hammer and sickle national symbol of the Soviet Union.

However, because the Lanham Act did not define "disparage", decisions on what constituted as disparaging were often inconsistent. The TTAB itself called the guidelines "somewhat vague" and "highly subjective". Similarly, the Supreme Court stated that "If the federal registration of a trademark makes the mark government speech, the Federal Government is babbling prodigiously and incoherently...it is expressing contradictory views."

In addition, legal scholars have also pointed out that determinations under the disparagement provision were content based, highly subjective, and inconsistent and vary with time, context, and tribunal. Megan Carpenter and Kathryn Murphy wrote, "Whether a mark is considered "scandalous" or "disparaging" can often change drastically given the context of the mark." Numerous examples include registrations and rejections for identical terms such as dyke, twatty, and queer.

Some critics have also raised the issue of equity and accessibility. In his law review article, Simon Tam (litigant in Matal v. Tam), argued that the disparagement provision was primarily used against communities of color, women, and the LGBTQ, since those groups were more likely to be engaged in reappropriation and therefore targets under the law. He writes, "Asking already burdened and under-resourced communities to appeal using a long, expensive process that does not allow the complexities of identity politics to be navigated properly is regressive and inequitable in nature. When one considers the effect on the marginalized, this places an undue burden on the applicant by an effort, which has never produced a positive result at the TTAB level."

Others have argued that the disparagement provision was a form of restriction on freedom of speech. Ultimately, the disparagement provision was struck down on those very constitutional grounds.

title: Disparagement


text:
Andrius Skerla

Andrius Skerla (born 29 April 1977) is a Lithuanian professional football manager and former player who played as a defender. He is the manager of A Lyga club Hegelmann. He began his career in Lithuania with Žalgiris Vilnius, where his performances drew the attention of Dutch club PSV. After making only 25 appearances for PSV, Skerla was signed by Dunfermline Athletic in 2000. He spent five seasons with the club playing in almost 200 matches for the Pars, including the 2004 Scottish Cup Final where he scored in the 3–1 defeat against Celtic.

After leaving Dunfermline in 2005, his later career saw him return east, playing for Russian side Tom Tomsk, Vėtra in Lithuania, Polish clubs Korona Kielce and Jagiellonia Białystok, before finishing his career with his home-town team, Žalgiris Vilnius.

Skerla was Lithuania's most capped player of all time with 84 appearances, until he was surpassed by Saulius Mikoliūnas in September 2020.

Early career
Born in Vilnius, Skerla started his career at local club Žalgiris Vilnius in 1995, before Dutch club PSV Eindhoven signed him in 1996. After an unsuccessful spell in the Netherlands, Skerla signed for SPL side Dunfermline Athletic.

Dunfermline Athletic
Skerla's time at Dunfermline was his most successful period of football. He was signed in 2000 by new manager Jimmy Calderwood and was immediately put into the starting line up. After a successful first season at Dunfermline he was linked with numerous clubs including Scottish club Rangers, but Skerla insisted he wanted to stay at East End Park. Skerla will most probably be remembered by the Pars fans, for scoring Dunfermline's only goal in the 2004 Scottish Cup Final defeat against Celtic.

Tom Tomsk
In March 2005, Skerla announced he wished to leave Dunfermline as he decided to look for new challenges. After Russian side Rubin Kazan had a bid failed because it did not meet Dunfermline's valuation of the player, Skerla re-iterated his decision that he wanted to move and eventually he moved to Tom Tomsk for £200,000.

FK Vetra
After leaving Dunfermline for Russia, Skerla played for Lithuanian side FK Vėtra.

Korona Kielce
Later he played for Ekstraklasa team Korona Kielce.

Jagiellonia Białystok
Skerla played for Ekstraklasa side Jagiellonia Białystok. Skerla scored in the 2010 Polish Cup Final for Jagiellonia, helping them to secure their first senior trophy, as well as ensure they would compete in European competition for the first time in the 2010–11 season.

International career
Skerla marked his 50th appearance for Lithuania on 7 October 2006 with a first international goal against the Faroe Islands. Skerla retired from International football on 11 October 2011 after a defeat to Czech Republic.

International goal

 * Scores and results list Lithuania's goal tally first.

Honours
Žalgiris Vilnius
 * A Lyga: 2013
 * Lithuanian Football Cup: 1996–97, 2011–12, 2012–13
 * Lithuanian Supercup: 2013

PSV Eindhoven
 * Eredivisie: 1999–2000

Jagiellonia Białystok
 * Polish Cup: 2009–10
 * Polish Super Cup: 2010

title: Andrius Skerla


text:
Saint Thomas Choir School

Saint Thomas Choir School is a boarding school located in Manhattan, New York, one of three world-wide that exclusively educate boy treble choristers, while requiring them to board at the school (the other two being Westminster Abbey Choir School in England and Escolania de Montserrat in Spain).

The school is under the aegis of the nearby Saint Thomas Church (Episcopal), whose choral ensemble, the Saint Thomas Choir of Men and Boys, performs music in the Anglican tradition at worship services, while offering a full concert series during the course of the school year.

The School comprises 28 students and 15 faculty members. Students from age 8 to 14 reside and study at the choir school, a fifteen-story building located at 202 West 58th Street in midtown Manhattan, one block south of Central Park. Since 2005, the school has offered a summer residential Girl Chorister Course.

History

Saint Thomas Choir School was founded in 1919 by the vestry of Saint Thomas Church at the urging of English-born composer T. Tertius Noble, the church organist since 1913. The school opened on March 3, 1919 in a four-story building at 123 West 55th Street. A two-story addition, designed by the architect Thomas A. Bell and completed in 1938, expanded the school north to West 56th Street.

In 1985, the church vestry transferred title to the school's land and building to property developer Fisher Brothers, who in return built a new school on a 75 foot wide lot at 202 West 58th Street. Execution of the project required demolition of the Elysee Theater, used as a television studio since 1955, and as a theatre or cinema since 1926.

Designed by the architecture firm Buttrick White & Burtis, the $18 million, 55000 sqft, steel-frame building was clad in red brick, with limestone trim and gray brick accents, rising six stories before stepping back twenty feet, then rising eight more stories to a gabled roof form containing a small chapel illuminated by a large circular window. The principal feature of the lower facade is a three-story window (suggestive of an "oriel"), framed in buff Indiana limestone with red granite accents. The new school opened in September 1987.

Student life
Students participate in a liturgical music program while studying academic subjects such as English, science, history, mathematics, Latin, French, music theory, and theology. Students also participate in an athletic program, competing against local private schools in soccer, basketball, and track.

Students are admitted on a rolling basis. The school holds auditions three times a year for boys entering the third, fourth, and fifth grades. Third grade students must live close enough to the school to go home every weekend and return on Sunday evening, a requirement waived for fourth and fifth grade students.

Other opportunities
The school offers employment to students taking a year out between high school and college. They assist in classroom and sports programs, and help in the preparation of the choristers’ instrumental practice. Most gap students have a choral background and an understanding of the daily routine and needs of a choir school. Acceptance is competitive.

Saint Thomas Choir
Currently (2023) directed by Jeremy Filsell, the choir performs regularly with the period instrument ensemble Concert Royal, and with the Orchestra of St. Luke's, as part of its own concert series. The choir's primary raison d'être, however, is to provide music for five choral services each week at Saint Thomas Church. Whereas the men of the Saint Thomas Choir are professional singers, the boy choristers are students from the Saint Thomas Choir School.

In addition to annual performances of Handel's Messiah, concerts at Saint Thomas Church have included requiems by Fauré, Brahms, Mozart, Duruflé, and Howells; Bach's Passions and Mass in B Minor; the Monteverdi Vespers of 1610; a Henry Purcell anniversary concert; Rachmaninoff Vespers; the U.S. premiere of John Tavener's Mass; a concert of American composers featuring works by Leonard Bernstein and Aaron Copland; a composition by Saint Thomas chorister Daniel Castellanos; the world premiere of Scott Eyerly's Spires; and a concert of works by Benjamin Britten.

The choir has toured throughout the U.S. and Europe, performing at Westminster Abbey and St. Paul's Cathedral in London; Kings College, Cambridge; Windsor Castle; Edinburgh; St. Albans; and at the Aldeburgh Festival. In 2004, the choir toured Italy and performed at a Papal Mass at the Vatican. In 2007, the choir performed Bach's Saint Matthew Passion for the opening concert of the Mexico Festival in Mexico City as well as at Saint Thomas Church. In February 2012, the boys of the choir traveled to Germany to give the premiere of Lera Auerbach's Dresden Requiem with the Dresden Staatskapelle at the Frauenkirche and at the Semperoper. Later in 2012, the choir performed in the Thomaskirche at the Bachfest Leipzig, a highlight of their tour to Germany and Copenhagen.

Head staff

 * Headmasters of the Choir School
 * Clarence Jack Smith, 1919
 * Raymond Wallace Gauger, 1920–1922
 * Herbert H. Hannan, 1923–1925
 * Clair J. Smith, 1926–1927
 * Charles Mead Benham, 1928–1942
 * The Rev. James O. Carson Jr, 1943–1944
 * Leon D. Phillips, 1945–1949
 * Henry B. Roney Jr, 1950–1955
 * Robert Porter, 1955–1966
 * Gordon H. Clem, 1967–1995
 * Murray Lawrence, 1995–1997
 * Gordon Roland-Adams, 1997–2004
 * The Rev. Charles Wallace, 2004–2019
 * Amalia Francisco (Interim), 2020–2021
 * Christopher Seeley, 2021–present

 * Organists and Choirmasters
 * T. Tertius Noble, 1913–1940
 * T. Frederick Candlyn, 1940–1954
 * William Self, 1954–1971
 * Gerre Hancock, 1971–2004

 * Organists and Directors of Music
 * John Scott, 2004–2015
 * Daniel Hyde, 2016–2019
 * Jeremy Filsell, 2019–present

Notable alumni

 * Kit Culkin, actor
 * John Hine Mundy, British-American medievalist, professor at Columbia University
 * Steve Sandvoss, actor
 * Gunther Schuller, jazz and classical composer
 * Dave Noll, creator of Chopped
 * Chris Wylde, actor

title: Saint Thomas Choir School


text:
ARV

ARV may refer to:

 * Antiretroviral drug, any drug used to treat retroviral infections, primarily in the management of HIV/AIDS
 * , ISO 639-3 language code for the Arbore language, an East Cushitic language
 * Average rectified value, in mathematics and electrical engineering, the average of an absolute value
 * After-repair value, estimated of the value of a real estate property after repair for flipping
 * ARV, IATA code for Lakeland Airport in Minocqua and Woodruff, Wisconsin
 * Al Rojo Vivo (Telemundo), a Spanish-language afternoon news magazine program on Telemundo
 * Australian Refugee Volunteers, formerly the Australian League of Immigration Volunteers
 * Arv, Nordic Yearbook of Folklore, published by the Royal Gustavus Adolphus Academy
 * Arv (album), a 2008 album by the Norwegian Viking/folk metal band Ásmegin
 * ARV Sculling, an Antwerp rowing club

Vehicles

 * A US Navy hull classification symbol: Aircraft repair ship (ARV, ARV(E), ARV(A))
 * Advanced Re-entry Vehicle, a proposed crewed ESA spacecraft
 * Armed response vehicle, a type of police car operated by the British police
 * Armoured recovery vehicle, a military vehicle used to repair or recover other military vehicles
 * Ammunition Resupply Vehicle, a military support vehicle for self-propelled howitzers fielded by South Korea
 * XM1219 Armed Robotic Vehicle, an unmanned military vehicle of the United States Army
 * ARV, former British aircraft manufacturer (1985–1989), originator of the ARV Super2, a light aircraft
 * Axiom Return Vehicle, a fictional spaceship in the 2008 film WALL-E
 * Alien Reproduction Vehicle, a purported reconstruction of a UFO

title: ARV


text:
Talk:Passband

Bandpass filter image
Thanks Jhbdel for the improvements, but I agree with Spinningspark: File:Passband schematic2.svg is not suitable because the cross hatching is ugly and distracts attention from the point of the image. File:Passband schematic.svg is better. I haven't done anything about this because I think the image has a more fundamental problem: a box labeled "High Pass Filter" crossing out the low frequencies is not clear to anyone who needs to read this article. I don't have time to ponder this atm, but I suspect the HPF label should be replaced with "Low frequencies" (note the lowercase "f"), and the LPF label should be replaced with "High frequencies". Then a caption could say something like "A high pass filter removes the low frequencies, while a low pass filter removes the high frequencies. A bandpass filter removes both the high and low frequencies." Or, perhaps the caption could just be the last sentence. BTW, if replacing the image, just upload a new version to the existing title (there is no need to unused images as a separate file). Johnuniq (talk) 01:42, 26 June 2010 (UTC)

 * I would like to second the thanks to Jhbdel, especially as my message on their talk page was a little on the tetchy side. I had not considered the hatching was meant to represent crossing out, it would probably be ok if it were greyed out a bit, or the hatching lines were thin, more like a regular tech drawing.  I think the HPF and LPF labels are ok, this ties up with the description in the text.  A few other improvements, the hatching in both sections should go the same way, there is a strong visual effect from the opposite directions; the HPF and LPF boxes need internal padding; it might be better to show the filter responses with a more realistic roll-off, could even have a second chart underneath the first with the result of the filtering on the signal; the vertical legend X(f) needs to be explained (arbitrary function of frequency?) or changed to something more easily understandable such as "gain".  I can make these changes if agreed, but lets wait to hear from Jhdbel first.  Sp in ni  ng  Spark  08:44, 26 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Passband


text:
Le Sabre

Le Sabre (sometimes contracted LeSabre, and French for "the sabre"), may refer to:

 * Buick LeSabre, an American-made General Motors full-size car, manufactured 1959–2005
 * General Motors Le Sabre, a 1951 concept car
 * Le Sabre SA, a French television production company affiliated with Canal+, and co-producers of Starhunter

title: Le Sabre


text: User talk:68.6.42.231

title: User talk:68.6.42.231


text:
Ainu cuisine

Ainu cuisine is the cuisine of the ethnic Ainu in Japan and Russia. The cuisine differs markedly from that of the majority Yamato people of Japan. Raw meat like sashimi, for example, is rarely served in Ainu cuisine, which instead uses methods such as boiling, roasting and curing to prepare meat. Also unlike Japanese cuisine, traditional Ainu cuisine did not use miso, soy sauce, or sugar, though these seasonings make an appearance in modern Ainu cuisine. The island of Hokkaidō in northern Japan is where most Ainu live today; however, they once inhabited most of the Kuril islands, the southern half of Sakhalin island, and parts of northern Honshū Island.

There are very few Ainu restaurants in the world, though some do exist. Examples of Ainu restaurants include Haru Koro (Harukor) in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Ashiri Kotan Nakanoshima in Sapporo, and Poron'no and Marukibune in Akan, Hokkaidō.

Overview
Traditional Ainu cuisine used meats obtained through fishing and hunting such as salmon and deer, wild plants gathered in the mountains such as Cardiocrinum cordatum bulbs (turep) and acorns, as well as various grains and potatoes obtained through farming. Another feature is its liberal use of oils as flavoring. Due to the Ainu's reliance on local game and fauna, not all areas used all the same ingredients, instead utilizing what was most available.

In addition to salt, the fats (sum) from cod, sardines, herring, shark, seal, whale (humpesum), sika deer (yuksum), and bear (pasum) are used to flavor dishes. Miso and soy sauce have also been used in modern times. Soup stocks may be made using kelp (kombu), animal bone, and dried fish. Seasoning and spices include pukusa (Allium ochotense), berries from the Amur corktree (Phellodendron amurense), and wavy bittercress (Cardamine flexuosa).

Ingredients

Game
The most predominate game animal was the sika deer. Deer were hunted using poisoned arrows as well as by herding them off cliffs and gathering them from where they fell. In the past, deer were so common and easily hunted in Hokkaidō that it was said one could “put the pot on the fire, then go hunting”.

 * Brown bear (kimun kamuy)
 * Chipmunk (ruop)
 * Eurasian jay (parkew)
 * Eurasian tree sparrow (amameciri)
 * Ezo red fox (cironnup)
 * Hazel Grouse (humiruy)
 * Japanese marten (hoinu)
 * Mallard (kopeca)
 * Oriental turtle dove (kusuyep)
 * Rabbit (isopo kamuy)
 * Raccoon dog (moyuk)
 * Sika deer (yuk)

Fish and sea creatures
The Ainu fished at sea in dugout canoes using harpoons to hunt a variety of large marine animals and used nets and fishing rods to bring in smaller creatures. Beached whales were particularly prized, as generally it was impossible to bring a whale in using canoes and harpoons. However, there were some instances of whaling in Funka Bay using harpoons coated with wolfsbane poison, aided by the gentle tides. The Ainu also used a number of tools including fishing rods, nets, traps (uray), and fishing baskets (raomap) to catch freshwater fish.

 * Bathyraja lindbergi (uttap)
 * Capelin (susam)
 * Cod (erekus)
 * Crucian carp (rampara)
 * Dolphin (tannup)
 * Flounder (samampe)
 * Fur seal (unew)
 * Japanese dace (supun)
 * Japanese fluvial sculpin (cimikani)
 * Japanese huchen (ciray)
 * Japanese smelt (tokikar)
 * Masu salmon (icankot)
 * Ocean sunfish (kinapo)
 * Pacific herring (heroki)
 * Pond loach (cicira)
 * Salmon (kamuycep)
 * Saffron cod (komay)
 * Sardine (iwashi)
 * Sea lion (etaspe)
 * Seal (tukar)
 * Shark (same)
 * Sturgeon (yupe)
 * Swordfish (sirkap)
 * Trout (icaniw)
 * Whitespotted char (tuksis)

Gathered plants
While men were responsible for hunting and fishing, women were responsible for gathering edible plants, beginning in early spring. Tools used during gathering trips into the mountains included the saranip (a bag woven from the fibers of the Japanese lime tree), the menoko makiri (a small women's knife), itani (a type of digging stick), and the shitap (a small pick made from deer horn). One of the most important mountain plants gathered in spring was the Siberian onion (pukusa), which is very similar to wild leeks found in Canada and the United States in taste, texture, and appearance. Large quantities of Cardiocrinum cordatum bulbs (turep) were gathered in summer as they were important as a preserved food.

Spring
 * Anemone flaccida (ohaw kina or pukusakina)
 * Angelica (cihue)
 * Butterbur (makayo)
 * Bracken (warumbi)
 * Cow parsnip (pittok)
 * Hog peanut (eha)
 * Japanese butterbur (korkoni)
 * Japanese mugwort (noya)
 * Japanese spikenard (cimakina)
 * Lance asiabell roots (topmuk)
 * Long-stamen chive bulbs (mempiro)
 * Maianthemum japonicum (pepero)
 * Marsh-marigold roots (pui)
 * Ostrich fern (sorma)
 * Siberian onion (pukusa)
 * Symplocarpus renifolius (sikerpe kina)
 * Thistle (ancami)

Summer
 * Cardiocrinum cordatum bulbs (turep)

Fall
 * Amur cork tree berries (sikerpe)
 * Crimson glory vine fruit (hat)
 * Hardy kiwi fruit (kutci)
 * Hen-of-the-woods mushroom (yuk karus)
 * Japanese chestnuts (yam)
 * Japanese emperor oak acorns (nisew)
 * Japanese rose fruit (maw)
 * Mushroom (karus)
 * Oak acorns (pero)
 * Walnuts (neshiko)
 * Water caltrop fruit (pekampe)

Crops
Farming was already taking place in Hokkaidō during the Jōmon period, prior to the Satsumon period in which the Ainu culture first emerged. However, agriculture began to decline in the 12th century up until the Ainu period. This is thought to be caused by the increase in demand for dried fish and furs for trade with Honshū, leading to increased importance in hunting and fishing, rather than colder weather. Cultivated crops changed over the years as new crops were introduced, such as potatoes, kabocha, and beans.

 * Bean varieties (mame)
 * Buckwheat (soba)
 * Foxtail millet (munchiro)
 * Japanese millet (piyap)
 * Potato (imo)
 * Proso millet (menkul)
 * Pumpkin (kabocha)
 * Turnip (atane)

Citatap
Citatap translated from Ainu means “that which has been pounded”. As the name suggests, citatap is meat or fish that has been pounded in a way similar to the Japanese method tataki.

Making citatap

 * 1) Salmon head, milt, and remains from filleting are placed on a cutting board-like round piece of wood sliced from a tree trunk (itatani). The meat is chopped and beaten with a sharp heavy object, such as a hatchet.
 * 2) The resulting paste is flavored with minced spring onion, pukusa, or long-stamen chive.
 * 3) Finally, the citatap is seasoned with dried kelp and salt.

Other than salmon, a variety of meats and fish are used to add flavor to citatap such as Japanese dace, bathyraja lindbergi, masu salmon, Japanese fluvial sculpin, deer, bear, tanuki, rabbit, and chipmunk. Citatap was well suited to the meat of older animals, as it made the tough meat easier to eat. Citatap was primarily made in the winter, when food spoiled more slowly, and was eaten over a number of days. If the citatap was not particularly fresh, it was formed into balls and added to soup.

Ohaw
Ohaw is soup made from boiling fish or meats with various vegetables. It may have the consistency of soup, or be more like a Japanese nabemono (hot pot) that contains a high ratio of ingredients to broth. As a hunter-gatherer society, the Ainu did not have a staple food as such, but ohaw was a central dish in their food culture. It is thought to be the roots of Hokkaidō regional dishes such as Ishikari nabe and sanpei soup. There are no specific requirements of ingredients to use for ohaw, but was generally made as described below.
 * 1) A stock is created by heating animal bone or small dried fish in water.
 * 2) Roughly chopped meat or fish is added to the stock and cooked. Dried meat and fish require longer cooking times. The scum that results from cooking the meats is not removed, as it was thought to have medicinal properties.
 * 3) Root vegetables or those which required longer cooking times are added, followed by high fiber mountain vegetables, and finally leafy vegetables. The soup is allowed to cook further until all ingredients are soft.
 * 4) The soup is flavored with animal or fish fats, a small amount of salt, and topped with ground dried kelp or dried pukusa.

Different varieties of ohaw are named by their main ingredient such as cep ohaw (fish soup), kamuy ohaw (bear soup), kam ohaw (meat soup), and kina ohaw (vegetable soup). Anemone flaccida was particularly suited for use in soups and was therefore called ohaw kina, which literally translates as “soup grass”.

Rataskep
Translated literally, rataskep means “mixed food”. Wild vegetables and beans are stewed until soft and the liquid has evaporated, at which point the mixture is mashed and seasoned with bear or fish oils and a small amount of salt. Rataskep was made as an everyday food, as well as for offerings at ceremonies, as it was considered a sacred food. There are unlimited varieties using different ingredients, below are a few examples.

Sikerpe kina rataskep

 * Dried symplocarpus renifolius (sikerpe kina) is rehydrated in hot water, then boiled over low heat for hours until the water evaporates. It is cut into easy-to-eat pieces and seasoned with animal fat and salt.

Pukusa rataskep

 * Beans are boiled until soft, at which point Siberian onion (pukusa) stalks are added and cooked further, then seasoned with animal fat and salt.

Cihue rataskep

 * Made from angelica (cihue) gathered in early summer. Beans are boiled until soft, then angelica is added and further boiled. Finally, it is seasoned with animal and fish fats.

Kabocha rataskep

 * Beans are boiled until soft. Dried strips of pumpkin (kabocha) are rehydrated in water then boiled along with the beans. Once the pumpkin begins to break apart, the rataskep is seasoned with fish fats and salt and topped with berries from the Amur corktree (sikerpe).

Cipor rataskep

 * Also called cipor imo. Potatoes (imo) are boiled with skin on. Salmon roe (cipor) is placed in a separate pot and cooked over low heat until it starts to break down. The skin is removed from the cooked potatoes and they are sliced thickly before placing into the pot with the salmon roe. Salt is added and everything is mixed well.

Nisew rataskep

 * The hull is removed from acorns (nisew) which are then boiled and drained multiple times with the seed coat on to remove the bitter taste. They are then placed in water with beans and boiled together. The resulting broth is discarded. The water is replaced and the mixture is boiled further until soft, at which point corn flour is added. It is cooked to the desired consistency. Rice flour is added, the mixture is kneaded, and salt and animal fats are added for seasoning.

Sayo
A thin porridge made from boiling Japanese millet or rice. Generally, the grains are boiled alone, but occasionally gathered vegetables are added. Unlike other porridges in agricultural societies, sayo is not a staple food. Rather, Ainu would fill up on fatty soups and grilled meats then drink it like tea as a palate cleanser. For that reason, sayo was made in a small dedicated pot so as to avoid mixing oils in from other dishes. Care was also taken to avoid mixing flavors when serving by using a separate ladle specifically for serving sayo (sayo kasup), rather than the usual ladle for serving soup (kasup). As the porridge used very little grains to make, a month's supply for one person was approximately 1.8 liters. 108 liters would provide plenty for a family of five for a year.

The following are examples of sayo varieties.

Turep sayo

 * Sayo which contains on turep, the fermented remains from the process of making Cardiocrinum cordatum (turep) starch. The hard dried on turep is first ground with mortar and pestle, then rehydrated in water. The sediment is removed from the water then formed into dumplings approximately three centimeters in diameter, and cooked in the sayo. Sayo which contains the Cardiocrinum cordatum bulbs themselves is also called turep sayo.

Irup sayo

 * The starch from Cardiocrinum cordatum bulbs is made into dumplings (sito) and placed in the sayo.

Ento sayo

 * Sayo which contains Elsholtzia ciliata (ento), a mountain plant. This type of sayo was favored for its particular aroma.

Satsirari sayo

 * The lees (satsirari) left from the fermentation process of making rice wine (tonoto) is placed in sayo.

Kikinni sayo

 * Sayo which contains bark of the bird cherry tree (kikinni).

Cipor sayo
 * Salmon roe (cipor) is boiled along with the grain porridge. Raw salmon roe was only eaten in the fall as a delicacy. During other seasons, salted and dried roe (sat cipor) was used.

Sito
A type of dumplings. The name sito is derived from the Japanese shitogi which refers to dumplings or a paste made from grinding raw grains. Traditionally, sito were considered a luxury due to the time and effort necessary to produce the flour by grinding the grains with mortar and pestle. It was therefore not a usual everyday food, but one made as offerings for sacred days such as the Bear Festival (iomante) and Ancestors’ Festival (icarup).

Usual ingredients were proso millet (mankul), foxtail millet (munchiro), and rice (siamam), though sito made with proso millet were considered the correct form. Over the years, other ingredients were added such as pumpkin (kabocha), and potato (imo). Similar to the Japanese kusamochi, the Ainu also made sito which mixed in Japanese mugwort (noya). Their flavor was enjoyed as reminiscent of spring.

Making sito

 * 1) Polished grains are left to soak overnight, then drained.
 * 2) The grains are placed in a large mortar and multiple people sing while pounding the grain with large pestles (iutaupopo).
 * 3) The resulting flour is kneaded with hot water and formed into round flat dumplings approximately 7 or 8 centimeters in diameter and 1 centimeter thick.
 * 4) The dumplings are boiled in a large pot, taking care not to allow them to burn on the bottom of the pot.

Sito that were meant to be offerings were placed as is in ceremonial lacquerware boxes (sintoko), wooden bowls (patci), on small trays (otcike), or skewered with cornus controversa sticks and presented to the gods. When meant to be eaten by people, the sito were served with partially crushed salmon roe or a sauce made from mixing oils with dried and crushed kelp.

Sito has a long history. Dumplings made from foxtail millet have been found in archeological Satsumon remains discovered in Atsuma. Traditional Ainu cuisine did not use steamed rice to make dumplings, as the Japanese did with mochi. The Ainu first came in contact with Japanese style mochi after the Edo period when more ethnic Japanese moved to live in the same areas as the Ainu under the land contract system.

Dried meat and fish
The Ainu word for dried meat is satkam while dried fish is called satcep, nikeruy, or atat.

Salmon was fished in quantities greater than what could be eaten immediately, especially in fall, and processed into preserved food so it could last up to six months. The first step in the process was to remove the head and internal organs of the fish, which was then dried on a rack outside before being taken inside and smoked in the hearth. Trout (icaniw) and Japanese char (tuksis) caught in summer were dried over a fire to prevent flies damaging the fish. These dried fish were eaten as is by pulling off the meat, or by rehydrating in water and eating as ingredients in soup or as a final cooked item itself. Salmon that was dried after the fish had laid eggs lost much of its flavor, so it was often stewed with added fish fats to improve the taste.

Milt (up) and salmon roe (cipor) obtained when slicing open the fish were also dried and preserved then later used in sayo or to make stock for ohaw.

While it was common to eat everything of a bear raw while it was still fresh, including its meat and its internal organs, the Ainu would also preserve some of the meat for consumption during the off season. Meat from deer (yuk) and brown bears (kimun kamuy) was cut into narrow strips and simmered in a large pot. Once the juices were removed, the meat was hung over the fire inside to dry and smoke. This satkam would be eaten as is, or boiled again to create a soup.

Cardiocrinum cordatum starch
The starch obtained from Cardiocrinum cordatum bulbs (turep) held a more important position in the Ainu diet than grains. The Ainu word for the fourth month of the lunar calendar is mo kiwtacup, which translates to “soon to be time to dig up turep month”, while the fifth month is si kiwtacup, or “digging up turep month”. This was the time when Ainu women would take their sacks (saranip) and digging sticks (itani) and head into the mountains to gather the bulbs. The gathered bulbs were processed into starch using the following method.

 * 1) Remove leaves and roots from the bulb, peel the scales off one by one, and rinse in water.
 * 2) Place the scales in a large bucket. Grind until a sticky paste is formed using the head of a hatchet as a pestle. Pour large quantities of water into the bucket and let sit for about two days.
 * 3) Fine fibers and skins will float to the surface of the water forming a scum after a few days have passed and the starch will settle to the bottom. The fibrous scum is removed and set aside for use in on turep. The starch collected on the bottom of the bucket is divided into two types of starch: the semi-liquid secondary starch and the powdered primary starch.

These two types of starch were dried and preserved, but before that, they were also used to make fresh foods. The primary starch was mixed with water and poured into the hollow of plant stems from the Japanese knotweed (kuttar) or Parasenecio hastatus (wakkakutu) and placed into the ashes of a fire to cook into a thin noodle-like shape. The secondary starch was formed into round dumplings, wrapped in the leaves of the Japanese butterbur (korkoni) or magnolia (pusni), then placed in the ashes of a fire to bake. They were then eaten with salmon roe or animal fats.

The secondary starch was the one which was used on a daily basis once it had been dried for preservation. It was often formed into dumplings and added to sayo. The primary starch was rarely eaten, instead being reserved for gifts or used as medicine.

It was considered taboo to speak of alcohol or love affairs while working on any part of the starch making process. It was said such discussions would agitate the starch and it would fail to settle properly.

On turep
On turep translates as “fermented turep”. It is a preserved food fermented from the fiber and skin byproduct of the turep starch extraction process. It was made using the following method.

 * 1) A sieve (icari) is used to gather the fiber and skins that float in or on the water after the turep bulbs have been crushed and soaked in water.
 * 2) The water is thoroughly wrung from the fiber, then it is wrapped in leaves from the Japanese butterbur (korkoni) or Parasenecio hastatus (wakkakutu) and left to ferment for three to ten days. This fermenting process is called “on”.
 * 3) The fermented product is ground thoroughly with a mortar and pestle. Once pounded, it is kneaded, formed into donut-like shapes, and dried.
 * 4) A cord is passed through the center and the on turep is stored hung from a rack above the hearth.

The on turep was eaten by smashing and rehydrating it to form into dumplings and placed in sayo.

Pocche-imo
Pocche-imo is a preserved potato food also known as penekoshoi-imo or munini-imo. The process involved uses the extreme cold of Hokkaidō in a fashion similar to the production of chuño in South America.

Once potatoes were harvested in the fall, the poorly shaped and small potatoes were left outside. The winter's cold would soon come and freeze the potatoes, which would thaw again in spring. This process of freezing and thawing would break down the structure of the potatoes, turning them soft. Once in that state, the potatoes were soaked in water and thawed completely. The starch that settled to the bottom of the water was collected, formed into spheres, and arranged in a warm place to ferment. This resulted in a fine textured potato flour. The flour was formed into cakes and baked in the ashes of the fire, then bear fat or cipor (salmon roe) was added and together placed in sayo to eat. In modern times with the influence of ethnic Japanese culture, it became more common to flavor pocche-imo with artificial flavorings such as saccharin then deep fry them. The fried product is then eaten with nori or a mixture of sugar and soy sauce.

Alcohol
Words for alcohol in the Ainu language include sake, tonoto, and askur. The word sake is a loanword from Japanese, and tonoto is also a word developed under Japanese influence as it originally referred to food or beverages given by an influential Japanese person, who was called a ton. Ainu alcohol is an undistilled alcohol made from Japanese millet that is similar in appearance and flavor to homebrewed sake.

All alcohol was produced by the women. Virtuous, respected katkemat (ladies/wives) from nearby were considered suitable for leading the task. Conversely, young women, particularly those during menokotasum (menstruation, literally translated as “women sickness”) were considered impure and did not assist.

The ingredients considered best for making alcohol were Japanese millet (piyapa) or proso millet (menkul). First, the grains were heated in a large pot with water until a porridge formed. Once cool to the touch, malt was mixed in. The Ainu either acquired malted grain from trade with the Japanese or they produced their own by boiling Japanese millet, acorns, and Cardiocrinum cordatum then sprinkling powdered bark from the Cercidiphyllum tree on the finished product. Furthermore, the Ainu word for malt, kamtaci, is the same as the old Japanese word for malted rice, kamutachi.

The alcohol was stored in a lacquered vessel (sintoko) and left to set in hot embers as a warding against evil. Using a portion of Apehuci-kamuy, the goddess of fire, like this would protect the alcohol from evil spirits, and was a prayer for the success of the alcohol making process. As an additional warding against evil spirits, a hatchet (tasiro) or an Ainu blade (emus) was placed atop the sintoko as it was left to set for ten days near the kamuy puyar, the window furthest inside the cise, which was considered sacred. Once the alcohol had fermented enough, the spent coals were returned to the hearth and the mash was strained through a sieve (icari) to remove the lees (sirari) and finish the alcohol. It was stirred using a sake ladle (sake-pisakku), ladled into a spouted bowl (etosup), then poured into bowls (itanki). When offering alcohol to the spirits, an ikupasuy, a ceremonial stick, was dipped into a bowl of sake set on a takaysara, a bowl stand. The alcohol on the ikupasuy was then spread onto the inau. It was believed that by going through the ikupasuy, one drop of alcohol in the human world would become an entire barrel of alcohol in the spirit world. The Ainu said that alcohol was something that everyone enjoyed, along with the spirits. Drinking alone was not an option.

The Ainu of the Hidaka region, such as those near Shizunai, had a legend that tsunami spirits hated lees, so they spread the lees around their homes to ward off tsunamis.

Tea
The teas drunk by Ainu were not made with the evergreen Camellia sinensis, but from the seeds and bark of trees, or medicinal herbs native to the cool climate of Hokkaidō.

The Ainu would brew various plant materials to make tea such as Japanese bigleaf magnolia (pusni) twigs and seeds, kobushi magnolia (omawkusni) twigs and seeds, Lindera umbellata twigs (sumnuhas), bird cherry (kikinni) bark, Ledum palustre leaves (haspo), Vietnamese balm stems and leaves (ento), Libanotis coreana roots (upew), Heracleum lanatum (pittok) roots, and Angelica genuflexa (munusi) roots. Cinnamomum camphora (ciprasu) which grows along the coast was used in a similar way. In the Sakhalin region, drinks were made of boiled Ledum palustre (nuxca) stems and leaves, Rose rugosa (otaruxni), and Rubus matsumuranus (kinakaoxni) stems and leaves.

Japanese tea imported from Honshu has become widespread in modern times.

Tree sap
There are some trees native to Hokkaidō that contain a sweet sap. The Ainu used the sap of these trees (niwakka, literally translated as “tree water”) as a drink and flavoring for foods.

Large amounts of sap run from the trunk of the white birch (kapattatni) if it is damaged in the summer. This sap is called tatni wakka and was used as water for cooking when there was none available in the area. A drink was also made by adding chopped Symplocarpus nipponicus to the sap along with flavoring. The Sakhalin Ainu would make alcohol by placing set white birch sap into blackcurrant juice and leaving it to ferment.

The painted maple (topeni, meaning “milk tree”) is related to the sugar maple of North America. A sweet sap flows from the trunk if it is damaged. The trunks would be scored during the winter to make “sap icicles” that were eaten like popsicles. The sap was also boiled down to create a sweetener. This was then boiled with beans or water chestnuts to make a high-quality rataskep. Sap fell out of use along with the influx of sugar during the Meiji Period, but it experienced a temporary resurgence during the shortages of World War II.

Utensils and eating habits

“Meal” in Ainu is “ipe”. Traditionally, two meals were eaten per day, breakfast (kunneywa ipe) and dinner (onuman ipe), and a third meal, lunch (tokes ipe), was added during the Taisho period. A night meal (kunne ipe) was sometimes eaten during night fishing or other late activities.

Food was transferred from the cooking pot using a ladle (kasup) into a lacquerware bowl (itanki) for eating. These bowls were obtained through trade with the ethnic Japanese and were large enough to hold 400 ml worth of food. Chunks of meat or fish that were too large to fit in the bowl were placed on mats woven from reeds. Items such as fish roasted on a spit or sito were eaten by hand, but otherwise, most foods were eaten with chopsticks (pasuy) or spoons (parapasuy). Parapasuy translated literally means “wide chopstick”. Both spoons and chopsticks were carved from wood.

When guests were over for food, the head woman of the house would offer food and say “ipeyan” (please eat). The guest would express their gratitude, and, if it were a valuable meal such as bear meat, they would raise the food to their forehead in thanks before beginning. However, the family would not say anything before eating if there were no guests. Once finished, it was customary to say “hunna” to express their gratitude for the food.

Similar to the ethnic Japanese, it was considered polite to eat all food that was provided. Because of this, it was considered polite to use one's finger to wipe the remaining sauce from inside the bowl and lick it. This custom is the reason for the Ainu name for the pointer finger, “itanki kem atsukep”, literally meaning “bowl-licking finger”.

title: Ainu cuisine


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of songs whose title includes personal names

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. -Doc (?) 23:10, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

List of songs whose title includes personal names

 * See Centralized discussion/Lists of songs.

Subtrivial listcruft.
 * Delete. Unmaintainable list. --SuperDude 02:56, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Not an unmaintainable list And Many subtitles to this link to make sure and not as dumb of a list as the one a few articles up --JAranda | yeah 03:38, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - this is the kind of thing people are always looking for when they need to make a mix tape. -- BD2412 talk 03:53, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * keep interesting and already-well-maintained list. — brighterorange  (talk) 04:14, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, valid list. User:Zoe|(talk) 04:22, 2 October 2005 (UTC).
 * Keep. Valid and useful information.--Centauri 06:28, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unmaintainable. --MacRusgail 13:23, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, it wouldn't have been created and maintained if it wasn't of interest. - SimonP 13:52, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * N.B.:When I said "unmaintainable", I meant that there are too many songs with personal names in them. The list could go on forever. --MacRusgail 14:57, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I do not agree that this is unmaintainable. At worst, if it got too large, it could be subdivided into separate pages on specific names. --Jacquelyn Marie 16:47, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per BD2412. Jkelly 17:22, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, it could get huge, but... I don't think it should be deleted. Some use to some people and harmless. gren グレン 21:12, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete This is an encyclopædia, not an indiscriminate collection of information. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 22:17, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as yet more preposterous, unmaintainable listcruft. I'm awaiting the inevitable lists of songs including flavors, colors, days of the week, cities, countries, moods, types of belly-button lint, and pokemons. Apparently this seems to appeal to some editors, but I agree that Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. MCB 23:07, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Army Ballistic Missile Agency

This article should be merged with U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command and turned into a redirect. Jupiter C stuff should be moved to that page. Will work on it in my 'spare' time. --Gadget850 02:56, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * No- it belongs here. --Gadget850 ( Ed) 18:14, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

How much of it was transferred to NASA
Article says (with no ref) "the AOMC space-related missions and most of its employees, facilities, and equipment were transferred to NASA," - It would be very interesting to know the organisational structure of AOMC at that time (eg did it have an Aeroballistics Division, and did that have the Future Project Branch that was involved in Sea Dragon). Some idea of what fraction of 'employees, facilities, and equipment' were transferred would be helpful - 10% or 60% ? - Rod57 (talk) 11:17, 6 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Army Ballistic Missile Agency


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Trevor Fahey

John Trevor Fahey (born January 4, 1944) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger who played in one National Hockey League game for the New York Rangers during the 1964–65 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1964 to 1974, was spent in the minor leagues.

Playing career
Fahey was assigned to the Tillsonburg Mavericks of the Western Ontario Hockey League for the 1960-61 season. He was called up at the end of the season to play with the Guelph Royals in the playoffs alongside the likes of future NHL players Rod Gilbert, Jean Ratelle, and Bob Plager.

Post-playing career
Following his playing career, Fahey published two hockey books entitled "All About Hockey" (1974) and "Hockey: Canadian/Soviet" (1977). He served as head coach of the Brandon Bobcats of the Great Plains Athletic Conference, leading team to a championship in 1975. He was later named athletic director at Brandon University. Fahey founded the Coach International Hockey Schools in Manitoba in 1980. He moved to Florida in 1995 and was instrumental in starting the Tampa Bay Raiders Minor Hockey Association.

In 2012, he was inducted into the Cape Breton Sports Hall of Fame during the Cape Breton Sport Heritage Awards ceremony at Centre 200. He currently resides in Tampa Bay and continues to coach hockey.

title: Trevor Fahey