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Da'i al-Mutlaq

(داعي المطلق; pl. دعاة مطلقون, Du'āt Mutlaqūn) literally meaning 'the absolute, or unrestricted, missionary', is the most senior spiritual rank and office in Tayyibi Isma'ilism. The Da'i al-Mutlaq has headed the Tayyibi community since the seclusion of the 21st Tayyibi Imam, at-Tayyib Abu'l-Qasim, traditionally placed in 528 AH/1134 AD.

According to Tayyibi Isma'ili tradition, in the Imam's absence, the Da'i al-Mutlaq is the faith's highest authority; i.e., the Da'i al-Mutlaq holds the same authority as the Imam. Before the seclusion of al-Tayyib, the Da'i al-Mutlaq operated under the direct orders of the Imam and his trusted associates in regions where Isma'ili faithful were present, either living openly propounding their faith, or secretly due to fear of persecution.

In Yemen, after the seclusion of the Imam, the Da'i was given the authority of Itlaaq (إطلاق), or free conduct, and absolute religious and social authority, under the governing principles of the Tayyibi Isma'ili faith. His command is regarded as a final decree guided by the divine support of the Imam. Unlike the Imam, who appoints his successor only from his sons (with one exception), the Da'i can appoint anyone as his successor whom he deems trustworthy, pious, and capable of conducting Da'wah (missionary) affairs with wisdom and proficiency. The current Dai of the Dawoodi Bohras is Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin.

History
According to Ismā'īlī [Musta'ali Tayyabī] tradition, before the 21st Fatimid [Musta'ali] Imam, Taiyab abi al-Qasim went into state of occultation from Cairo in 528 AH/1134 AD, his father, the 20th Imām al-Amīr had instructed Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi/Al-Hurra Al-Malika in Yemen to anoint a vicegerent after the occultation of his son al-Tayyib Abu'l-Qasim. Queen Arwa trained and appointed Syedna Zoeb bin Moosa as the first Da'i in the modern office.

The Dā'ī al-Mutlaq is recognised in English law as a corporation sole, by a private act of Parliament passed in 1993.

Tradition of Nass governing the Appointment of Saheb-i-Amar
Nass-نص is the basis of Shia beliefs, it ensures the succession (Silsila). It is a declaration and designation through Divine Indication and Spiritual Intervention-تأئید إلھي for the appointment of a successor-منصوص, be it an Imam or his deputy-داعي during Imam's concealment by his predecessor-ناص amongst his subjects, publicly-نص جلي or privately نص خفي and at times supported by written documentary orders-سجل شریف. This tradition and practice-سنۃ اللہ is related to the Isma’ili Taiyebi succession to the seat of Imaamat, whereby each Imam under hidden heavenly commands designates his successor, when he witnesses the Light of Imaamat-نور الإمامۃ has got transferred to one of his batini (in essence) sons not necessarily in the Jismani (blood) relations whom he selects for Nass. The one who appoints is called Naas and the one appointed is called Mansoos, here Mansoos is batini (in essence) son and Naass is batini father, irrespective of their Jismani (blood) relationships, which is evident in many examples (beginning with appointment of Ali ibne Abi Taalib in Ghadire Khumm by Mohammad). The succession (Silsila) continued from Imam to Imam to Da'i to Da'i and will continue so on and on.

The tradition stems from the events of Ghadir Khum where Mohammad appointed his son-in-law, cousin and his heir 'Ali bin Abi Taalib as his Vicegerent, legatee and Wali of the Faithful. This tradition continued through all the Tayyibi-Ismaili Imams and Du'aat; according to Tayyibi-Ismaili belief, neither Imam nor Da'i al-Mutlaq can pass away without appointing his successor.

Deputies
The Da'i al-Mutlaq has the authority to appoint, at his discretion, a trusted individual to each of two ranks: Mazoon al-Da'wat and Mukasir al-Da'wat.

Mazoon al-Da'wat

 * المأذون الدعوة - al-Mazoon al-Da'wat, Mazoon e Dawat: The Licentiate, Authoritative Rank, the most trusted associate in Da’wah ranks whose traditional role includes taking Bay'at from his subjects by the orders of Da’i al-Mutlaq. He is on a Spiritual Rank in the Isma’ili Taiyebi Da’wah hierarchy immediately below the authority of Da’i and sits to his right, and who carries out the religious activities as per the regulations of Da’wah organization. At any cost he always assists and obeys his superior and his Master, the Da’i al-Mutlaq. In the absence of the Da’i he acts as his legatee. The Da'i al-Mutlaq's successor is often appointed to the rank of Mazoon; however, this is not the rule and the Da'i's successor has often been someone other than the Mazoon. Upon the death of the Mazoon, the Da'i selects a new trusted associate to fill the position.

Mukaasir al-Da'wat

 * المکاسر الدعوة - al-Mukaasir al-Da'wat, Mukaasir e Dawat - The second deputy rank to the Da'i proscribed in Isma’ili Taiyebism.[38] He sits to the right of the Mazoon during religious gatherings (Majalis). In the absence of both the Da'i and Mazoon, the Mukaasir acts as their legatee. Upon the death of the Mukaasir, the Da'i selects a new trusted associate to fill the position.

Incumbents
Since the establishment of the office of Da'i al-Mutlaq following the death of the Fatimid Caliph-Imam Mansur al-Amir Bi-Ahkamillah, there have been several disputes over the succession to the office, leading to a number of extant sects, each with their own incumbent to the office.

Dawoodi Bohras
The Dawoodi Bohras are the largest community of Tayyibi Ismailis, who followed Dawood Bin Qutubshah Burhan al-Din II as the successor to Da'ud Burhan al-Din I, thus deriving their name from him.

Within the Dawoodi Bohras, the current Da'i al-Mutlaq is Mufaddal Saifuddin. The last Da'i was Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, who died in 2014. The vast majority of Dawoodi Bohras recognize Saifuddin as the 53rd incumbent.

The current seat of the Dawoodi Bohra Da'i is in Mumbai, India.

Alavi Bohras
The Alavi Bohras are a smaller group of Tayyibi Ismailis, who followed Ali Shams al-Din V as the successor to Sheikh Adam Safiuddin, thus deriving their name from him.

The Alavi Bohras use the title of Dai al-Mutlaq in its Persian form "Da'i-e-Mutlaq". The current incumbent is Haatim Zakiyuddin, who succeeded his father Abu Hatim Tayyib Ziyauddin in 2015.

The current seat of the Alavi Bohra Da'i is in Vadodara, India.

Sulaymanis
The Sulaymanis are a smaller group of Tayyibi Ismailis, who followed Sulayman bin Hassan as the successor to Da'ud Burhan al-Din, thus deriving their name from him.

Starting from 1677, Sulayman's successors almost always came from the Makrami family. The Sulaymani Du'at made Najran their headquarters and ruled the area, supported by the Banu Yam, until their power waned under the successive rules of the Ottomans and Saudis.

The current seat of the Sulaymani Da'i is in Najran, Saudi Arabia.

The current incumbent is Mohsin bin Ali al-Makrami.

Atba-e-Malak Badar
The Atba-i-Malak community are a branch of Musta'ali Isma'ili Shi'a Islam that broke off from the mainstream Dawoodi Bohra after the death of the 46th Da'i al-Mutlaq, under the leadership of Abdul Hussain Jivaji in 1840. They have further split into two more branches. The Atba-e-Malak Badar is a branch of Atba-e-Malak Mustaali Ismaili Shi'a Islam. They follow the preachings of both Abdul Hussein Jivaji and Badruddin Ghulam Hussain Miya Khan Saheb who was appointed as Hijab (Veil) of Moulana Malak (Abdul Hussein Jivaji) Saheb. The current leader or Dai al Mutlaq is Maulana Muhammad Amiruddin Malak Saheb. The Atba-i-Malak Badar community is based in Mahdibagh, Nagpur in India. The Mahdibagh Atba-i-Malak Badar community, is a unique community of peaceful and progressive Muslims, an elitist sect, known as Atba-e-Malak Badar (followers of Maulana Malak and Maulana Badar) founded in 1899 AD in Nagpur, India.

Atba-e-Malak Vakil (Muslim-Shia-Ismaili-Tayyebi-Dawoodi-Malak-Vakil Bohra)
The Atba-e-Malak Vakil continues the tradition of Nass after the untimely demise of the 46th Da'i al-Mutlaq Syedna Mohammad Badruddin saheb. The Amar passes on to four Mumalikin saheb (hidden successors - the seclusion was necessary to guard the Amar in then difficult times), last one being Moulana Adamji Tayyebji saheb in Mumbai followed by Moulana Malak (Abdul Hussein Jivaji) saheb who appointed Moulana Abdul Qadir Ebrahimji saheb as his Mansoos (successor) or Vakil (the one who advocates his succession or roots / acts for his principal) that identifies his followers as Atba-e-Malak Vakil. Their current spiritual lord / Imam is Moulana Tayyeb saheb bin Moulana Razzak saheb. This is a very small and peaceful community with high moral and ethical values, the majority of its population is in Nagpur in India with the second largest population is in Mumbai. Qur'an and Nasihat (Scriptures written by Syedi Sadiqali during the period of 42nd Da'i al-Mutlaq Syedna Yusuf Najmuddin saheb and 44th Da'i al-Mutlaq Syedna Mohammed Ezzuddin saheb) are main religious scriptures of Atba-e-Malak Vakil sect.

Qutbi Bohra
Taher Fakhruddin is a claimant  to the title of 54th Da'i al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohras, a sect within Shia Islam. He is the oldest son of Khuzaima Qutbuddin, claimant to the position of 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq. After the death of the 52nd Da'i al-Mutlaq, Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin. Khuzaima Qutbuddin died on 30 March 2016. On 31 March 2016 the family of Qutbuddin released a statement that "Khuzaima Qutbuddin has conferred nass (announcement of successor) on his son Taher Fakhruddin". Followers of Qutbuddin regard Fakhruddin as a rightly appointed Da'i al-Mutlaq whereas followers of Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin do not recognise him as the Da'i al-Mutlaq.

One of Taher Fakhruddin's first major decision was regarding the burial arrangements of his father and predecessor in office, Khuzaima Qutbuddin, who died on 30 March 2016. It was decided to bring Qutbuddin's body to India for burial. Qutbuddin was buried at his residence Darus Sakina in Thane on 10 April 2016, after it was arranged for his body to make an overflight circumambulating Raudat Tahera by helicopter in order to pay respects at the mausoleum of his father, the 51st Dai Syedna Taher Saifuddin and the 52nd Dai Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin his predecessor and his half-brother.

Khuzaima Qutbuddin had filed a case at the Bombay High Court against Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin in 2014 alleging that only Qutbuddin had received a valid appointment of succession from Syedna Burhanuddin. Taher Fakhruddin has continued his father's efforts against Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin at the Bombay High Court. Later it was found out that Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin has all relevant documents and witnesses that prove his rightful succession as the Dai-al-Mutlaq and various courts recognised after presentation of all the relevant proofs, against just verbal arguments and lack of evidence on behalf of Taher Fakhruddin. On 23 April 2024, the Bombay high court dismissed the suit challenging Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin's position as the 53rd Dai-al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohra Community. The court dismissed Taher Fakhruddin(son of Khuzaima Qutbuddin)'s claim and upheld Syedna Mufaddal as Dai-ul-Mutlaq..

title: Da'i al-Mutlaq


text:
User talk:Harappa

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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

04:57, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Ashvamedha
Hi, you've added a lengthy translation of the relevant passage. I assume this is from the 2003 publication, in which case it will be copyrighted. You can use short excerpts of the relevant parts, but this whole long passage will be deleted. Paul B 17:59, 2 May 2006 (UTC) About the Copy Right part:

Dont You Worry.The copy right to that book is held by THe Government of Andhra Pradesh.Tirupati Tirumala Devasthanam is the Hindu Religious Endowment Trust set up by the Govt of Andhra Pradesh to run the Tirupati Tirumala Temple Complex.The book(s) are published to take the Vedic literature to the lay Public.Only a mindless Hindu right-wing hue and cry over this matter might make TTD to reconsider making these books available to the public.Remember the attack on a library in Pune early last year over publishing a book on Shivaji. Incidentally, Krishna Yajurveda is published by Private Publishers( in Telugu) as well. i give below a rough translation of the Foreword by thePublisher who happens to be the Executive Officer of TTD (He is deputed to that post from the ranks of the  India Administrative Service)to the book: 'Vedas are repositories of Universal Knowledge....no effort should be spared to make available Vedic knowledge to students and those interested in it. Commentaries to Vedas were written by Sayana and other Maharshis, with the same idea in mind.Foreigners like Max Muller tried to fathom the depths of that knowledge. TTD has brought forward this Translation of to make avalable the vedic knowledge to the (telugu speaking) people of Andhra Pradesh....Four more volumes by the author(translator/commentator Sri Ramavarapu Krishnamurthy Sastri) are ready to roll out of the press soon...Telugu readers I am sure would receive them well...

As I have mentioned the Copy right if any lies with the TTD which is an arm of the Ministry of Hindu Religious Endowments under the Govt Of Andhra Pradesh. You may be aware that the Indian State(Govt) and consequently all Provincial Govts do not have a State(official) religion. They are secular in outlook. The major Hindu temples are administered /controlled by the State Governments.Hence the Copy right to the above book lies with the People of Andhra Pradesh/India and not any private indiviual/firm who intends to gain monetarily from the publication.

 * I'm still unclear here. Is this your English translation from a Telegu translation? Paul B 07:45, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Even if the Telugu translation is not copyrighted, I see no reason why we should translate the Telugu into English rather than the Sanskrit directly. Your translation seems to mix commentary and literal translation, and it is not clear which are your own additions, and which parts were already added in Telugu. I will try to produce a more literal translation of TS 7.4.19 based on your version. dab (ᛏ) 14:35, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

You are right. It is 'my' translation from telugu to English.My proficiency in Sanskrit is Less than Elementary (Nil).You are aware that 'vedic knowledge ' is a contentious and contemporary issue in India, as well as amongst the Indian diaspora. My idea is to refute the theory that 'beastiality ''necrophilia' and other practices, are  creations of imaginative western scholars like Max Muller and Griffith.That , vedic knowledge is now in public domain.Literate Telugu-speaking people knew about the details of Krishna (Black)Yajurveda in the 1940s and 50s itself, when Tapi Dharma Rao, a journalist published a booklet on 'Devalayala pi Boothubommalu' or' Why do they have obscene scultures on Temples'. Recent reconstructions and restorations of temples have resulted in demolition/erasure of such sculptures. Godspeed.

India related links
You may want to add categories such as Category:Telugu people to the articles you create. Please use edit summaries and Show preview button more often. Welcome!! --Gurubrahma 16:39, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

your response on my page
hi. as per ur suggestions for patience, i waited for over an week to get a response on my querry, while i m just required to wait for just a day acc. to wikipedia rules. and well, i m doin engg. from ur university only.

and if u could believe me, i have myself studied enough to delete all these things. as a matter for ur information, everybody accepts that the original and oldest ramayana was written by valmiki only. rest were mere translations with added views, like done by tulsidas and other south indian authors. and when have u started including jain and budhh beliefs on vedic rituals.

moreover, as i said that u dont include dan brown on pages of christ, how can u include any translation that most do not accept to be true. if u want to trust ambedkar, just read his page. he denounced hinduism well into 1930s and worked all his life to defame hinduism. he even merged his independent labour party with muslim league.

you would have got most ur answers on ashwamedha talk page only, but if u have any more querries, do inform me.

it can be ur belief that aryans were invaders and ashwamedha involved bestiality, but neither me nor most of us believe it to be true. how can u post such things on official hinduism pages, u can have differnt pages for these ridiculous translations. for all those maclaulian children, i have a suggested reading http://www.gaurang.org/indian_phil/prasad_gokhale_indian_history.html nids 11:53, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

and as for ur wish u can write a book wherein u claim that sita went with ravana on her own wish but please dont put that on official wikipedia pages. and believe me, nobody is goin to kill u or have fatwa against u, as hinduism is a tolerant religion. as a matter of fact, MF Hussain painted Sita nude, sitting on Hanumans genitals, u can believe that to be true, but dont enter that on wikipedia as true facts. nids 12:13, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

thanks for your interest on MF Hussain. this is the link. it is not on hearsay information. http://www.sanatan.org/hussaincampaign/painting.php you may endorse it or justify it. even MF Hussain has won many kala awards, just like the person that you were referring to in my talk page.

And i just wanted to stick to the Valmikis Ramayana instead of going to its analysis by high peoples. You can claim that Hinduism is the worst religion in the world, just like BR Ambedkar, but i think it wont be relevant if you post that on the Hinduism main page.nids 10:28, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Against Intelligent Design
Thanks very much for your kind words. Let me quote Saint Tyagaraja once again: ‘Anuraagamu leni manasuna sugnaanamu raadu. Ghanulaina Antar gnaanulaku eruke gaani..Anuraagamu…(2) Vaga vaga gaa bhujiyinche vaaniki truptau reeti…(2)’ It’s a very short kriti. It means : You cannot attain wisdom without love and empathy.The great scholars have only knowledge (not wisdom). Does the one who eats hurriedly (like a hungry hog) care for  taste or satisfaction? Many years later Mike Jagger writes a lyric ‘(I cant get ) No satisfaction’ .(From De Niro starrer ‘Casino’). For me politics concerns ‘distribution of values’ in a society (Roald Dahl, American Political Scientist not the American writer- I like both ,of course ). What are the ‘Hindu’ values that Hindutva wants to distribute today?Aren’t they based on Pollution based discrimination against women and lower castes  and inequality in the name of tradition and religion? I live in Kerala,and when people ask me why I do not visit Sabarimala, I say, they would not let my wife in, and I donot visit places where they discriminate against my own kith and kin.(Menstruating women from ages 10 to 60 are barred from entering Sabarimala Temple, there is a raging controversy going on right now) There has been more generation of wealth and we as a nation are trying to redistribute it in an equitable manner. Now, instead of thanking Ambedkar –Nehru-Gandhi,and being proud of them, a section of the people are keen on denigrating them, in a shamelessly thankless manner. The Hindu/vedic laws of antiquity are banished. For good. Now which of those laws do you want to be restored?
 * I am not anti-Hindu. Am not anti-anybody. I am against the poison that is spread by the politics behind the façade called Hindutva.From the times of Cain –Able to Mahajan Brothers, it has been a world full of sibling rivalry. Where is love and peace in our own hearts, in our own families, for us to talk about other faiths and peoples?
 * If I have to denounce Ambedkar, then I will have to denounce the Buddha, Tyagaraja, Adishankara, Bhagat Singh ( did you know that he wrote a pamphlet ‘ Why I am an Atheist?’). The list is very long indeed.
 * Eversince the Indian Constitution got promulgated we are all leading our lives by its laws in our public lives.And have benefited immensely from that. Can you say from your personal experience, you or your family had lost ground because of the new laws in India.
 * Incidentally, India, like the Wikipedia , is greater than the sum total of its numerous parts.
 * Talking of chronology one brother tells me that I live in the pre-historic times. Will he please clarify if it is Krta,Treta, Dwapara or Paeleolithic, Neolithic,Painted Grey ware-Indus-Harappan-Pre-Vedic,RgVedic- Post vedic, Upanishadic …. Please appreciate the complexities and holes in our arguments.
 * If Ramayana precedes Mahabharata, then people must have walked backwards from celebrated Ram-Sita monogamy to- women legally having more than one husband. Is that evolution? That is Hindu-Intelligent design. God made the world in six days. period. Darwin is a fraud.period. That is the Christian Intelligent design.No more arguments. Happy Independence Day.harappa 07:16, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Harappa


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User talk:Guilliano

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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

04:57, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Guilliano


text:
User talk:Coolsword

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04:58, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

sorry dudes, forgot my password to this account. using this account from now on: Cool sword 00:44, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Coolsword


text:
Talk:Boorana

Untitled
Most of the text in this article seems to be about the Oromo in general, and is not specific to the Borana. I'm thinking that this should either be merged with Oromo, or move the more general text to Oromo, though the latter this would leave a pretty short article. (Another "merge to" target might be Gadaa; see Talk:Gadaa.) -- Gyrofrog (talk) 04:58, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I have moved the text in question to Oromo. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 18:52, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

For an excellent article on the Borana, please refer to Gudrun Dahl and Gemetchu Megressa's "The Spiral of Ram's Horn: Boran Concepts of Development" from the book "Take Off: Local Notions of Development" or "The Post-Development Reader" compiled by Majid Rahnema and Victoria Bawtree.

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 00:53, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Avatar-1768576954.jpg

Image
The image have no source to back it And I changed to image that have. I don’t understand, do facts doesn’t matter? Anyone can put whatever images they want on pages? Hzted6 (talk) 04:48, 7 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Boorana


text:
User talk:Surentripathi

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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

04:58, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

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User talk:Btrane

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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

04:58, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Btrane


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User talk:Myopic Rhino

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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

04:59, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Myopic Rhino


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User talk:Renruth

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Tales of Destiny 2

Tales of Destiny 2 (テイルズ オブ デスティニー 2) is a Japanese action role-playing game, co-developed by Wolfteam and Telenet Japan, and published by Namco. It is the fourth main entry in the Tales series of video games, and a direct sequel to 1997's Tales of Destiny. It released on PlayStation 2 (PS2) in November 2002 in Japan, March 2003 in South Korea and August 2003 in China. The overseas versions were published by Sony Computer Entertainment. An updated port for the PlayStation Portable (PSP), developed by Alfa System, was released in February 2007, and March of the same year in South Korea. This version was published by Namco Bandai Games. Neither version has received a western release.

The story, set eighteen years after Destiny, follows Kyle Dunamis, the son of the previous game's protagonists Stahn Aileron and Rutee Katrea. Shortly after meeting a mysterious girl named Reala while trying to save Rutee's orphanage from bankruptcy, Kyle is drawn into conflict with Barbatos, a cruel warrior responsible for killing Stahn, and the machinations of Elraine, a religious leader seeking to bring peace to mankind. The gameplay uses two-dimensional character sprites and backgrounds, and the battle system is a revamped version of the series' trademark Linear Motion Battle System.

Development began after the release of Tales of Eternia in 2000, taking approximately two years to complete, and was the last Tales game to be developed by the original Wolfteam before it became Namco Tales Studio. The scenario was handled by Japanese writing company Gekko, the characters were designed by Mutsumi Inomata, and the music was composed by Motoi Sakuraba and Shinji Tamura. The PSP port was made after a similar port of Eternia met with commercial success. It was a highly anticipated game, and Namco promoted it heavily in the months prior to release. The game sold over 700,000 units by January 2003, and received critical acclaim from both Japanese and western critics.

Gameplay
Tales of Destiny 2 is a role-playing video game featuring two-dimensional (2D) sprite characters navigating both 2D environments such as dungeons and towns, and a three-dimensional overworld. The overworld features environmental effect such as fog. In towns found across the world, non-playable characters provide both information relevant to the story and world, and provide items and equipment through shops; merchants accept the Tales series currency, Gald, (ガルド) which can be obtained from battle or treasure chests on the dungeon and town maps.

Throughout the game, visiting certain individuals in towns will activate optional events and side-quests. Prisons, sewers, forests and story-centric locations serve as dungeon locales; these areas are scattered with treasure chests containing rare items, some of which cannot be purchased in stores. Dungeons frequently contain puzzles and mazes, such as boxes that must be reoriented to form a bridge, which must be cleared to advance; the "Sorcerer's Ring", a relic that shoots tiny plumes of fire, often plays a central role in puzzle resolution, along with the "Sorcerer's Scope", a tool that reveals hidden objects. Aspects of characters such as their current experience level, equipment and money levels, party organization, and assigned abilities. Cooking, a recurring series mechanic, is present: characters learn and cook various recipes using a selection of six ingredients which grant boons upon them such as restoring health. Optional voiced conversations between characters called Skits (スクリーンチャット) can be activated when they appear in random locations or after story events. Mini-games within the world include acting as a waiter in a restaurant, and battle arenas where players fight against random enemies.

The game's battle system is the series' trademark Linear Motion Battle System (LMBS), which places up to four playable characters on a 2D plain against enemies in real-time combat similar to a beat 'em up. The version used in Destiny 2 is called the "Trust and Tactical LMBS". When entering battle, the camera follows characters, zooming in and out depending on their distance from an enemy. During battle, one character is controlled at any one time, with the others being governed by the game's artificial intelligence (AI): the AI can be customized to behave in various ways, such as adjusting their aggression level, and balancing magical and physical attacks. In addition to real-time commands given in battle, the player can issue commands to all characters by pulling up the battle menu and issuing commands. A character's performance in battle is governed by their current level of Spirit Points (SP): the more SP a character has, the higher their defensive and offensive abilities. A character's health is represented by Health Points (HP). Three types of attack are available and activated progressively depending on the number of hits an enemy has taken: a standard attack, named attacks called Artes, and special high-damage attacks called Mystic Artes. (秘奥義) At the end of each battle, its performance is assessed a given a Grade, which can sometimes trigger a bonus such as learning new skills. Some bonuses are also carried over into the next playthrough. In addition to the single-player functions, a local multiplayer option is available, supporting up to four players: when additional controllers with players are connected to the system, AI functions for selected characters are disabled, switching to manual control. An auto-battle option, which has the game's AI controlling all characters during a fight, is also available.

Setting
Destiny 2 is set on an unnamed world that was struck by a comet 1000 years before, triggering a prolonged winter. Desperate for heat and energy, the people used a type of gemstone brought by the comet called Lens (レンズ) to create a floating city called Dycroft. The people of Dycroft eventually dominated the people below, which led to a conflict between the two realms known as the War of Heaven and Earth. (天地戦争) Eventually, a team of defecting Dycroft scientists developed sentient weapons called Swordians that turned the tide of war in the surface people's favor. This conflict reemerged eighteen years prior during the events of Tales of Destiny. The Swordians found new masters to wield them against Dycroft's vengeful ruler, including Stahn Aileron, Rutee Katrea and Leon Magnus. Stahn's group succeeds in restoring peace, but the world was damaged by Dycroft's weapons, and Leon was killed after he betrayed the group. Destiny 2 begins eighteen years after the events of Tales of Destiny.

Characters

 * Kyle Dunamis (カイル・デュナミス) is the main protagonist of Destiny 2. Kyle is very much like his father, Stahn, although Kyle remembers little about him. His defining personality trait is an aversion towards peacefulness and boredom, always seeking out new things to try. Kyle is voiced by Jun Fukuyama in the Japanese version.
 * Reala (リアラ) is the main female protagonist, appearing suddenly and holding an air of mystery. While she bears an overly-strong sense of responsibility, she is also bright and highly inquisitive. She is one of the two avatars of the goddess Fortuna (フォルトゥナ). Reala is voiced by Ryoka Yuzuki in the Japanese version.
 * Loni Dunamis (ロニ・デュナミス) is a young man raised alongside Kyle, being considered a brother by him. A member of the Atamoni Shindan, the military branch of the Order of Atamoni, he has a firm and steady personality that balances against Kyle's hotheadedness. Loni is voiced by Toshihiko Seki in the Japanese version.
 * Judas (ジューダス) is a mysterious swordsman who appears before Kyle when the latter is in a pinch. A genius swordsman, he wears a beast skull as a mask to hide his face. Judas is voiced by Hikaru Midorikawa in the Japanese version.
 * Nanaly Fletch (ナナリー・フレッチ) is a master archer who opposes the Order of Atamoni. In direct contrast to the Order, she believes that happiness should be won by people rather than given to them. Nanaly is voiced by Tomoko Kawakami in the Japanese version. and Yumi Kakazu in Tales of Versus
 * Harold Belselius (ハロルド・ベルセリオス) is a famous scientist, and the original creator of the Swordians. Something of a mad scientist, she shares Kyle's love of adventure and has a passionate curiosity about the world. Harold is voiced by Akiko Hiramatsu in the Japanese version.
 * Elrane (エルレイン) is the main antagonist of Destiny 2. Regarded as a living goddess due to her powers, she has an outwardly meek demeanor and espouses bringing happiness to all mankind. She is one of the two avatars of the goddess Fortuna. Elrane is voiced by Yoshiko Sakakibara in the Japanese version.
 * Barbatos Goetia (バルバトス・ゲーティア) is one of the primary antagonists of Destiny 2. A veteran of the War of Heaven and Earth, he was forgotten by history and consequently holds a burning desire to be recognized. His chief traits are an intense desire to live and a callous disregard for others. Barbatos is voiced by Norio Wakamoto in the Japanese version.

Plot
Kyle Dunamis, the adventurous son of Stahn and Rutee, lives at an orphanage run by Rutee. With the orphanage on the brink of bankruptcy, Kyle defies his mother to go on a quest to search for funds, together with his best friend Loni. Finding a giant Lens, a mysterious girl named Reala emerges from it, claiming to be in search of a hero. Believing that he should become a hero like his parents, he follows Reala so he can prove himself as such. Finding the Lens missing, officials from the Order of Atamoni arrest Kyle and Loni for its theft. They escape with the help of the masked swordsman Judas. After this, Kyle becomes embroiled in the attempts by a man named Barbatos Goetia to kill those who accompanied his parents, eventually learning that Barbatos also killed Stahn when Kyle was five. During his quest, a series of Lens thefts is orchestrated by Elraine, the Holy Woman of the Order of Atamoni who is capable of performing miracles using Lens and seeks to bring happiness to the world through uniting it under a single religion.

During a great theft of Lens, Elrane attacks the group directly, sending them ten years into the future. In this period, the world is beset by conflict between the Order of Atamoni and factions wanting independence from its control. During their travels there, they are joined by Nanaly Fletch. While in this time period, Reala becomes conflicted about who she is, and the group encounters a figure known as the Goddess Fortuna. During this encounter, it is revealed that Elrane and Reala are avatars of Fortuna, designed to save the world and bring happiness to humanity in different ways. Due to her unstable emotions, Reala accidentally transports Nanaly into their time. Feeling guilty because of this, Reala confronts Elraine alone and is captured. Traveling to the ship where the stolen Lens is stored, the group confront Barbatos and Elrane, successfully defeating them and saving Reala. During this confrontation, they learn that "Judas" is in fact the resurrected Leon, who was brought back to life by Elraine just as Barbatos was, but rebelled against her when he knew her full plan.

However, their efforts result in the destruction of the ship, and Reala uses the energy of the Lens to send them through time again. They appear in an alternate timeline where the War of Heaven and Earth was won by the underground dwellers, and Barbatos and Elraine are hailed as saviors. Traveling back to the time of the War, when the initial interference was caused, they ally with Harold Belselius to return history to its proper state. While they are successful and Barbatos is felled, Elraine continues to distort history in her favor. Confronting her one last time, she is defeated, then they are confronted by Fortuna. Defeating her, the group realize that the only way to correct the distorted timeline is to destroy the Lens that forms Fortuna's life source, which will mean Reala will be erased from history. When Reala comes to terms with this and gives her blessing, Kyle destroys Fortuna's Lens, which erases all the changes wrought by her agents and returns the timeline to its original state, sending everyone back to their original times and conditions. In the corrected timeline, Kyle, now raised and trained by both Stahn and Rutee, goes on a journey to the temple where he first met Reala. While her Lens is missing, Kyle's strong will succeeds in bringing Reala back into existence and restoring his memories of her.

Development
Tales of Destiny 2 was co-developed by Wolfteam and Telenet Japan. Development began after work had finished on Tales of Eternia, taking roughly two years to complete. During its early development, the staff consisted of thirty people: when in full development, a team of between sixty and a hundred worked on it. It was developed under the working title Tales of X. After Eternia was completed, the development team considered what to do next, whether a new standalone game or a sequel. As Destiny had a large amount of lore created for it and there were story possibilities for a next generation of characters, it was decided to make a sequel to Destiny. This would be the first direct sequel in the Tales series. Because of the state of the world as it would have evolved after the events of Destiny, it was decided to set the events eighteen years after them and focus on the son of Destiny's protagonist. The key themes for the story were "fate" and "happiness". For the story, the team wanted to effectively portray Kyle's journey to becoming a hero. For this, they drew on themes of "learning from the teacher" as seen in films such as Star Wars and Raiders of the Lost Ark. To create the atmosphere, the team worked at balancing elements of reality and fantasy. The story and script was handled by Japanese scenario company Gekko. Two separate scripts were created for the main story and additional elements such as skits. Both scripts were quite large.

Character designs were created by Mutsumi Inomata. A key element of the designs was the variation of time periods many characters came from. To make the character sprites as close as possible to the original artwork, the team took Inomata's artwork and turned them into 2D "dot-by-dot" sprite pictures. This gave the sprites roughly four times the detail of most environments. They then built the world around the sprites. The sprite details sometimes caused problems, as they would appear larger than the environments when the camera zoomed in. The animated cutscenes were created by anime company Production I.G. The game's opening was the longest ever created for a Tales game up to that point. While many contemporary PS2 role-playing games were being developed around three-dimensional characters, Destiny 2 used two-dimensional sprites for its characters. Part of the reason behind this was that the development team wanted to create the "ultimate 2D RPG". As opposed to previous Tales games, where gameplay development was focused on the battle system, the development leads requested that the gameplay should be "waste-free and strategic". The Grade system and new skill customizing elements, later staples of the series, were also developed. The game's artificial intelligence was markedly improved, the combat system was made both more elaborate and more user-friendly, and health and magic systems were adjusted. The PlayStation 2 hardware enabled the expansion of mini-games, the improvement of the game's graphics, and the incorporation of advanced interactive elements on the world map.

Audio
The music was composed by regular series composers Motoi Sakuraba and Shinji Tamura. Sakuraba primarily worked on the battle themes and arrangements of previous themes, while Tamura handled selected boss battle tracks and created Reala's theme. They were able to create more tracks with greater detail to them due to the expanded storage capacities of the PS2. As with previous games, a licensed theme song was created by a Japanese artist for the game's opening. For Destiny 2, the theme song was "Key to My Heart" from the album Fairy Tale, by Japanese singer-songwriter Mai Kuraki. Its lyrics were designed to "express the world" of Destiny 2. Arrangements of "Key to My Heart" were featured in the soundtrack. Unlike previous Tales games, where voice work was recorded out of order, the voice work was recorded in order of the game's events to add dramatic weight to the performances. This consequently created difficulties with scheduling and put an added strain on the actors.

Release
Destiny 2 was announced in February 2002 at a special conference about future developments and games for the platform. It was the first Tales title to receive a numbered designation in Japan. As with previous Tales games, it featured a characteristic genre name: "RPG to Release Destiny" (運命を解き放つRPG). To promote the game, Namco created a themed PlayStation 2 memory card. In addition, a special competition was organized where the top-tier prizes were copies of the script books for Destiny 2 autographed by the main characters' voice actors. As a pre-order bonus, a special limited edition DVD featuring interviews with the voice cast was created. In addition, a downloadable ring tone based on the theme song and screen displays featuring the main characters was created for mobile phones of the time and released in 2003. The game was released on November 28, 2002, in Japan. It was celebrated with an official launch event, featuring interviews with the production staff and cast. Destiny 2 would be the last Tales game developed by Wolfteam prior to its acquisition by Namco in 2003 and rebranding as Namco Tales Studio.

Destiny 2 was later ported to the PSP. Development began in 2005, after the commercial success of Eternia's PSP port. The port was developed by Alfa System, a frequent collaborator with the Tales team on spin-off titles. The project was directed by Yoshito Higuchi, who had worked on Destiny 2 and became the director of the GameCube port of Tales of Symphonia. While the earlier port of Destiny made significant changes, the Destiny 2 port was meant to preserve and add onto the content of the original. Some of the adjustments included minor tweaks to gameplay, adjustments to fit the PSP's control layout, and adjusting the graphics from 4:3 to 16:9 screen ratio. A new dungeon featuring added story elements was also created. It was released on February 15, 2007.

Outside Japan, Destiny 2 was released in China and South Korea by Sony Computer Entertainment in 2003: the Korean version was released on March 27, with Korean voices, a first in the series, and the Chinese version was released on August 14, with the Japanese voices being retained. The game was going to be part of a world tour by Sony Computer Entertainment to promote the next generation of role-playing games, but the tensions between America and Iraq at the time and the consequent risks of a terrorist attack caused them to cancel the trip. Asked at the launch event whether an overseas version of the game was being developed, producer Makoto Yoshizumi said he was "not certain". The PSP port was released in South Korea by Namco Bandai Games's local branch on March 5, 2007. Neither the original nor the port has been released in the west, making it one of three mainline Tales titles to remain exclusive to Japan.

Reception
Namco had high expectations for Destiny 2, anticipating sales of 600,000 units. During its debut week, Destiny 2 reached the top of Japanese gaming sales charts: according to different sources, it sold between just over 498,000 (Famitsu) and under 558,000 (Dengeki) units. For the next three weeks, it remained in second place on the charts behind Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire, accumulating sales of over 603,000. By January 2003, the game had sold over 702,000 units, becoming the eighth best-selling game within that period. The PlayStation 2 version of Tales of Destiny 2 has shipped 977,000 copies worldwide as of December 2007, being the second most successful title in the series at the time. The PSP version sold 73,000 copies in its first week, ranking second in weekly video games sales. By the following week, it had dropped to #25. By the end of 2007, the game had sold just under 115,000 units, reached 146th place in the five hundred top-selling games of the year. In South Korea, the game reached #10 in the country's gaming sales charts. Worldwide shipments of the port as recorded by Namco have reached 129,000 units.

Famitsu Weekly found the story enjoyable, though noted that those who had played Destiny would get more enjoyment out of it, and praised the voice acting. They also found the gameplay and pacing enjoyable, positively noting the option to auto-battle. The game ranked as the 89th all-time favorite game in a 2006 Famitsu readers poll. Japanese website Game Impress Watch found the story impressive, citing its use of time travel and the continued use of Destiny's world and lore. The gameplay, mini-games and customization options was also generally praised, with the reviewer recommending the title to players of the series. RPGFan's Woojin Lee was also positive, praising the gameplay despite the very high encounter rate, and was pleased that an auto-battle option was included. One point that received a more mixed response was the game's music, with the exception of the opening song. In a preview for IGN, David Smith was generally positive about the game. While he disliked the art style and its low-tech look compared to its hardware, he found the gameplay enjoyable and the opening parts of the story fairly relatable. He ended by hoping that Namco would put the effort into localizing the title.

Additional media
Multiple print adaptations have been made of Destiny 2: these include one three-volume comic anthology, a serialized comic adaptation originally released through Square Enix's Gangan Comics and later collected into five volumes, and an eight-volume yonkoma comic, and a second single-edition yonkoma. Novel adaptations include a novel focusing on Nanaly called Tales of Destiny 2: The Amber Wind, and multiple light novels that told segments of the story from the point of view of different characters, particularly Judas. An illustration book featuring Inomata's artwork for the game was released in March 2005. A five-part CD Drama adaptation was also developed, following the events of the game. The five volumes were released between April and August 2003, under the umbrella titled Tales of Destiny 2 Drama CD. (ドラマCD テイルズ オブ デスティニー2)

title: Tales of Destiny 2


text:
User talk:Mstr. Da

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04:59, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

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User talk:Aria~enwiki

Welcome
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Aria. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Aria~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
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Betty Ireland

Betty Ireland (born 1946) was the 28th Secretary of State of West Virginia from 2005 to 2009, as the first woman elected to the executive branch of West Virginia state government. She was also the first Republican elected to that position since 1972. Ireland did not seek a second term in 2008 due to her parents' health. On December 30, 2010, Ireland announced she would run in the 2011 West Virginia gubernatorial special election, where she came in second place in the Republican primary.

Career
Early in her career, Ireland spent several years teaching in the West Virginia public school system. Eventually, she entered the business sector, when Ireland took a job as an administrative assistant with Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance. She subsequently became a certified pension consultant.

For nearly six years (from 1977 to 1983), she was the owner of Retirement Systems & Services, a pension administration and consulting firm in Charleston, West Virginia. From 1983 to 1989, she was vice president and head of the pension division in the Trust Department of the Charleston National Bank of Commerce. Ireland moved to Jackson Kelly.

Ireland became executive director of the West Virginia Consolidated Public Retirement Board in August 1998. She returned to Jackson Kelly in 2002 to head its ancillary business endeavors as president of Jackson Kelly Solutions.

2004 election to Secretary of State
In 2004, Ireland defeated longtime political figure Ken Hechler, 52% to 48%, in a general election race, as Hechler attempted to return to the Secretary of State position he previously held for sixteen years.

2011 gubernatorial campaign
On December 30, 2010, Ireland announced her intention to run for governor in the special election that was to be held on October 4, 2011. She lost the primary election to political newcomer Bill Maloney.

Personal life
Ireland has four children with her husband, Sam Haddad.

title: Betty Ireland


text:
User talk:Spydusty92

Welcome
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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

05:00, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Spydusty92


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User talk:Luistamez

Welcome
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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

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Tales of Rebirth

Tales of Rebirth (テイルズ オブ リバース) is a Japanese action role-playing game published for the PlayStation 2. It is the sixth main entry of Namco's Tales series of video games. The game was developed by Namco Tales Studio and published by Namco. The game was released for the PlayStation 2 on December 16, 2004, and then later re-released on the PlayStation Portable on March 19, 2008. Rebirth, set in a world populated by humans (Huma) and beast people (Gajuma), follows the adventures of Veigue Lungberg, a human whose friend Claire Bennett is kidnapped by agents of Agarte, heir to the throne of the kingdom of Karegia. Setting out to rescue Claire, Veigue and those who join him becomes entangled in escalating racial conflicts consuming the land.

As with previous Tales games, it features an action-based battle system, called the Three-Line Linear Motion Battle System. The game was developed by the 2D Tales development unit Team Destiny. The characters were designed by Mutsumi Inomata, who had previously worked on Tales of Destiny. The scenario, written by Hiramatsu Masaki, dealt extensively with issues of coexistence between races and ethnic conflicts. The game has received positive reviews and strong sales in Japan, with the PlayStation 2 version eventually selling over 600,000 units and the PSP re-release selling over 83,000. Western sites have been positive about the game, though neither version of the game have received English localizations.

Gameplay

Tales of Rebirth is an action role-playing game with player characters rendered as two-dimensional sprites on three-dimensional backgrounds. Unlike previous Tales games, the camera follows the characters from a side-long view, zooming in or out depending on their relative position, and instead of a navigable overworld, players fast-travel to different locations using a standard map of the game world. Side conversations between characters called Skits (called "Screen Chat" (スクリーンチャット) in Japanese) feature both story-relevant information and added details not essential to the story.

At certain locations in the game, characters can engage in cooking various recipes: cooking them between battles restores health points. If the recipe is cooked enough times, a character masters it. Upon mastery, a character is granted experience points each time the meal is prepared. Characters are also given "rations", helpings of restorative food, at selected locations across the game world. While initial rations are fairly small, a special "meal ticket" is made available later in the game, which provides larger rations. There are multiple difficulty levels. Mini-games are also available to play, with three types in the game. The first has the character Veigue on a raft navigating a river, with the goal being to avoid dangerous obstacles. The second is a tarot game with the character Hilda, where the player answers questions given by Hilda and has their fortune told. In the third, the player becomes a waiter at an inn, with the goal being to provide good service to the customers: poor service results in the player being dismissed, while good service earns a reward.

Rebirth uses the Tales series' trademark Linear Motion Battle System (LMBS), a real-time fighting system similar to a beat 'em up. Up to four characters can be present in battle. The variation used in Rebirth is the Three-Line LMBS, using a similar multi-plane mechanic to Tales of Symphonia: characters can be moved across three different levels on the battlefield to either attack enemies on those lines or dodge behind an enemy on one line to deal damage from behind. During battle, a character can activate the Rush Gauge, increasing a character's attack power at the cost of lowered defensive abilities and stats, and perform Mystic Artes (秘奥義) with another member of the party to inflict high damage on single enemies. During battles, performing certain feats in battle, such as finishing in a certain time, rewards the player with a grade for their performance.

Special abilities and actions are controlled by the Force Gauge, an energy meter which determines how long special skills can be active. Once drained, the skill cannot be activated until the meter refills, which it does during battles. Four skills can be equipped for each character. After battles, characters earn Enhancement Points (EP), which can be used to strengthen equipped armor, weapons and accessories, instead of using Gald (the in-game currency) as with previous Tales titles. EP can be transferred between weapons. An optional battle arena was added in the PSP version of the game with both single-player and multiplayer matches: in both modes, players need to defeat an enemy team (either AI-controlled enemies or an opposing team) within a time limit.

Setting
Tales of Rebirth is set in a world where humans (called Huma) and beast people (Gajuma) coexist in relative peace. The world's magical power is called Force, which manifests in various people as control over an element or aspect of the physical laws. In ancient times, after a war sparked when Huma attempted to enslave Gajuma, both races joined forces to found the kingdom of Karegia. An unspecified time before the events of the game, Geyorkias, the ruler of a spirit race called the Sacred Beasts, sought to destroy the Huma as their dark emotions were fueling a primordial destructive force known as Yuris: the other Sacred Beasts put a stop to Geyorkias' plan by sealing him away, then acting to nullify Yuris' threat. The story opens with the death of Karegia's king, Ladras Lindblum, poisoned by the royal adviser Zilva Madigan: during his final moments, he releases his power into the world, causing many humans to become possessed by Force, including Veigue, Annie and Tytree. As the king has failed to name a successor, Karegia enters an interregnum at his death.

Characters

 * Veigue Lungberg (ヴェイグ・リュングベル) is the protagonist of Tales of Rebirth, who wields a sword in battle and uses the Force of Ice. An orphan whose parents died when he was young, Veigue has been raised by the family of Claire Bennett. Veigue is cold, unsociable, and withdrawn, but when he is with Claire he softens. Veigue is voiced by Nobuyuki Hiyama.
 * Claire Bennett (クレア・ベネット) is the heroine of the game and the only main character not to use Force. Her family took Veigue in when he was a child. She rarely left her village of Sulz before the initial events of the game. Her focus on the positive traits of others, good heart, and optimism have earned her respect and admiration in the local community. Claire is voiced by Mio Yasuda.
 * Mao (マオ) is a boy who wields twin tonfas and wields the Force of Fire. Initially introduced as an amnesiac traveling with Eugene, who Mao views as a father figure, he is in reality a being called Orselg, created by the Sacred Beasts as their eyes into the mortal world. Mao is voiced by Akeno Watanabe.
 * Eugene Gallardo (ユージーン・ガラルド), a powerful spear-wielding Gajuma warrior gifted with the Force of Steel, is an ex-commander of the Karegia Kingdom. Originally part of the Royal Shield, bodyguards of the royal family, he was stripped of his rank and exiled after being framed for the murder of Doctor Barrs. Eugene is voiced by Unsho Ishizuka.
 * Annie Barrs (アニー・バース), is a staff-wielding spell caster who uses the Force of Rain. After her father died at Eugene's hands while the former is possessed by Zilva, Annie developed an intense hatred of Gajuma, and through most of the game she has difficulty dealing with her feelings. Annie is voiced by Akiko Yajima.
 * Tytree Crowe (ティトレイ・クロウ) is a hotblooded young man who fights using a hand crossbow and martial arts, and is gifted with the Force of Wood. A worker in Petjanandka who cares deeply for his big sister, he has grand ideals regarding racial equality. Tytree is voiced by Kappei Yamaguchi.
 * Hilda Rhambling (ヒルダ・ランブリング) is a beautiful but cold fortune teller, fighting with magic cards in battle and using the Force of Lightning. She is revealed to have mixed Huma-Gajuma blood, causing her to suffer discrimination from both races. Hilda is voiced by Sayaka Ohara.
 * Milhaust Selkirk (ミルハウスト・セルカーク) is a military leader and general of the Karegian kingdom, and a good friend of Eugene. Despite standing on the antagonistic side, Milhaust is usually amiable and rarely attacks the group on a whim, and at times lends his hand to help the team. Milhaust is voiced by Shin-ichiro Miki.
 * Agarte Lindblum (アガーテ・リンドブロム) is the daughter of the late king Ladras Lindblum; she is a Gajama and the heir to the throne of Karegia by blood. Her naivety and love for Milhaust are the inadvertent cause of many of the game's events. Agarte is voiced by Emi Shinohara.
 * Zilva Madigan (ジルバ・マディガン) is the royal adviser, often referred to as the "princess" because of her familial and political ties with the royal family, and the game's main antagonist. Hiding her dark schemes, she acts as a maternal figure and adviser for Agarte. Zilva is voiced by Mari Mashiba.

Story
During the initial unleashing of the king's power, Veigue's Force of Ice goes out of control, causing his friend Claire to become imprisoned in an ice pillar. One year after this, Veigue is contacted by Eugene and Mao, who help free Claire from the ice pillar. Shortly after this, Claire is taken away by agents of Agarte, who is searching for the most beautiful Huma woman in the land. Veigue heads out with Eugene and Mao to rescue Claire, eventually joining forces with Annie, Tytree and Hilda. Upon reaching the royal capital of Balka, the group find Agarte using her Force of the Moon to resurrect Geyorkias in the belief that the spirit will save her kingdom from the chaos consuming it, having been prompted by Zilva. When summoned, Geyorkias declares his intent to destroy the Huma population, forcing the group to attack and destroy his physical form. With Geyorkias gone and Claire rescued, the group part ways, but are brought back together as outbreaks of racial violence from both Huma and Gajuma begin destabilizing Karegia, caused by the hatred the summoned Geyorkias released after his defeat. To quell the violence, the group decide to summon the other Sacred Beasts in the hope of purging Geyorkias' hatred from the land. After rescuing Agarte from a Huma mob, it is revealed that Agarte switched bodies with Claire. In the aftermath, Agarte reveals that she originally captured Claire so she could switch bodies and realize her love for her bodyguard Milhaust, as relations between Huma and Gajama are taboo. Unfortunately, the trauma of events has caused Agarte to lose her Force abilities, leaving Claire and Agarte trapped in each other's bodies.

After reviving the Sacred Beasts, the hatred is purged, but the racial tensions remain. Veigue begins to have difficulty in dealing with Claire's condition, and his cold attitude causes her to leave with Milhaust. Eventually, Veigue opens up to the rest of the group and overcomes his difficulties. As the continuing negative feelings of Karegia's population are starting to damage the world, the group decide to revive Geyorkias again and bring him round to their way of thinking. At Geyorkias' resting place, Zilva appears and reveals herself as the mastermind behind the incidents, declaring that she will use Geyorkias to destroy the Humas and create a Gajuma-ruled kingdom. After her defeat, the party revive Geyorkias: he in turn reveals that the force influencing Zilva and spreading hatred was in fact Yuris, and that Yuris has become a threat to the world. The group travel to confront Yuris, but are initially sapped of strength by its negative emotions. The growing positive emotions of the people of Karegia as the racial disputes fade give them the strength to destroy Yuris' core. Agarte then recovers her Force, returns herself and Claire to their original bodies, and summons the Sacred Beasts to destroy Yuris. The effort costs Agarte her life, and she leaves Karegia in Milhaust's charge and reveals her love for him before dying. The group then go their separate ways to resolve the remaining conflicts in the land.

Development
Tales of Rebirth was developed by Team Destiny, a section of Namco Tales Studio devoted to 2D Tales titles. It began production in 2003. The development team, led by series producer Makoto Yoshizumi, was the same team behind Tales of Destiny 2. Much of the technology from Destiny 2 was carried over to Rebirth. Mutsumi Inomata, a noted anime artist who had previously worked on Tales of Destiny, returned to design the main characters for Rebirth. She worked closely with Yoshizumi to create the designs, with each being representative of the characters' backgrounds and experiences: for instance, Veigue's clothing was made navy blue to emphasize his unsociable demeanor. Her Gajuma designs started with a basic human sketch, which was then embellished with animal features and faces. The majority of Rebirth's story and script was written by Hiramatsu Masaki. The main theme was the issue of coexistence between different races, with the representation of the theme being the conflict between Huma and Gajuma. The Gajuma were created to heighten the sense of contrast for players. The game's title "Rebirth", was meant to represent the rebirth and reconstruction of harmonious relations between different peoples. Ethnic conflict, another prominent theme, was inspired by the predominant ethnic conflicts in Yugoslavia at the time the game was being made. Prior to the main script writing stage, Yoshizumi conceived the basic set-up and story for the game. The final script ended up being substantially larger than that of Symphonia, covering four full script books. As with other Tales titles, Rebirth was given a characteristic genre name: the title was lit. RPG Where You Will Be Reborn (君が生まれ変わるRPG). The game's anime cutscenes were created by Production I.G.

Rebirth was officially announced in April 2004, a week after the game's title and existence had been leaked to the public early after a story from Jump magazine was made available a week early due to mistakenly being shipped early. In July, Namco announced that people who pre-ordered Tales of Symphonia for the PlayStation 2 would receive a bonus disc featuring footage from an early build of Tales of Rebirth, upon purchasing Symphonia in September. The same footage, along with a playable build of the game was present at the Tokyo Game Show in the same month. The game was released on the PlayStation 2 on December 16, 2004. In July 2004, IGN reported that Tales of Rebirth was a likely candidate for an English localization in North America due to the positive reception and sales of Tales of Symphonia in North America for the GameCube. The PlayStation Portable port of the game, which featured graphical adjustments for the platform's widescreen, was announced in July 2007. The port was made following the port of Destiny 2. As with those games, transplanting the 2D graphics onto the PSP and maintaining the experience of the original caused some difficulties. Conversely, they found the memory capacity of the PSP compared to the PS2 a good thing. Yoshizumi felt that the fact that it was a port rather than a remake divided the development team. The port also included extra minor story scenes and a viewing gallery for concept art. Neither the original nor the port of Rebirth have received an English localization, making it one of three mainline Tales titles to not have come to the west.

Audio
Rebirth's soundtrack was composed by Motoi Sakuraba and Shinji Tamura, regular composers for the Tales series. The soundtrack was released as an album, Tales of Rebirth Original Soundtrack (ティルズ オブ リバース オリジナル・サウンドトラック), on January 26, 2005. Reception of the album has been mixed to positive. Patrick Gann of RPGFan said that fans of previous Tales soundtracks would enjoy it, though personally found it tiring due to similarity to previous Tales soundtracks. The reviewer for Game-OST was generally positive, calling it one of the best albums of the series and better listening outside the context of the game than previous albums, though stated that despite some improvements, it did little to improve on previous Tales scores. As with previous Tales games, a licensed theme song was used for the opening. For Rebirth, the theme song used was "Good Night", a 2004 single by Japanese pop band Every Little Thing. The song was released on 27 December 2004, shortly after the game's release, on a CD single also containing "Koibumi" (恋文). The single reached 1# on the Oricon charts and remained in the charts for nineteen weeks.

Reception
Namco planned for high sales for Rebirth, preparing shipments of the game totaling 700,000 units. By January 2005, a month after release, Rebirth had sold 546,726 units. As of December 2007, the game has sold 605,000 units. The game was among those which won the "Future Game" award at the 2005 CESA Game Awards, and later was given a "Gold" award, received for shipping over 500,000 units, at the PlayStation Awards 2005. The PSP port sold 46,719 copies at release, reaching 6th place in the Japanese sales charts. The port went on to sell 83,016 copies by the end of 2008. Gaming magazine Famitsu received a score of 32/40, with the four reviewers each giving it a score of 8. The reviewers were generally positive about the gameplay, and one of them commented on enjoying the story.

Western gaming sites have also been very positive. Andrew Alfonso of IGN, reporting on the TGS 2004 demo, called the battle system "very fun", and was generally impressed with the visual style with the exception of the world map. His main faults with the game were recurring issues with AI controls seen in previous games, but he made allowances for the fact that the version tested was a demo build. Anoop Gantayat, also writing for IGN when the game was released, was also impressed by the game, citing how quickly the game brought players into the action and how the battle mechanics had been improved over those in Destiny. GameSpy's Heidi Kemps was favorably impressed by the game, but had reservations as to whether it could improve on Symphonia. Siliconera writer Rolando, writing after the announcement of the PSP port, praised the game's ability to straddle the line between old and new, stating "this Tales really is a good Tales game that, while retaining a somewhat oldschool Tales charm, manages to reinvent the original formula and introduce a ton of good ideas that worked in your favor and made character customization fun." RPGFan writer Zain was highly positive about the game: he cited the graphics as beautiful barring a few reservations about dungeons and the overworld map, praised the voice acting, and was generally positive about the story and characters. He also commented that the game was easier than previous Tales titles, and ended by calling it "one of the strongest games of this hardware generation, if not of all time."

Additional media
Rebirth has been adapted into multiple media since its release. It inspired a five volume book series, released from February until November 2005. Guidebooks and art books have also been released for the title. It also inspired a manga retelling of the story, published through 2005. The comics were collected into two anthologies released on April 25 and May 27, 2005 respectively. The story was also adapted into a CD audio drama series, released in four parts between October 2005 and February 2006 under the umbrella title lit. Tales of Rebirth Drama CD (テイルズ オブ リバースドラマCD). To commemorate the PSP port, a new audio drama, titled lit. Dramatic DVD Peach Pie Edition (ドラマチック DVD ピーチパイ編), was created. It was released as a limited pre-order addition, and contained voice actor interviews and stage videos from Jump Festa 2008.

title: Tales of Rebirth


text:
T-Model Ford

James Lewis Carter Ford (probably June 24, 1923 – July 16, 2013) was an American blues musician, using the name T-Model Ford. He began his musical career in his early 70s, and continuously recorded for the Fat Possum label, then switched to Alive Naturalsound Records. His musical style combined the rawness of Delta blues with Chicago blues and juke joint blues styles.

Biography
According to records, Ford was born in Forest, Mississippi, between 1921 and 1925. Researchers Bob Eagle and Eric LeBlanc indicate June 24, 1923, though at the time of his death his record company gave his age as 94, suggesting a birth in 1918 or 1919. According to an interview recorded for his album "The Ladies Man", Ford's passport gives his date of birth as June 24, 1921 but his Mississippi driver's licence gives it as June 27, 1924. Starting with an abusive father who had permanently injured him at eleven, Ford lived his entire life in a distressed and violent environment, towards which he was quite indifferent.

Ford, an illiterate, worked in various blue collar jobs as early as his preteen years, such as plowing fields, working at a sawmill, and later in life becoming a lumber company foreman and then a truck driver. At this time, Ford was sentenced to ten years on a chain gang for murder. Allegedly, Ford was able to reduce his sentence to two years. He spent many of his years following his release in conflicts with law enforcement.

Ford lived in Greenville, Mississippi and for a time wrote an advice column for Arthur magazine. Reportedly, he had twenty six children.

According to music writer Will Hodgkinson, who met and interviewed Ford for his book Guitar Man, Ford took up the guitar when his fifth wife left him and gave him a guitar as a leaving present. Ford trained himself without being able to read music or guitar tabs. Hodgkinson observed that Ford could not explain his technique. He simply worked out a way of playing that sounded like the guitarists he admired — Muddy Waters and Howlin' Wolf.

Ford toured juke joints and other venues, for a while opening for Buddy Guy. In 1995, he was discovered by Matthew Johnson of Fat Possum Records, under which he released five albums from 1997 to 2008.

In 1997 T-Model Ford was featured in a 26-minute documentary JUKE  Directed by Mary Flannery and produced by Yellow Cat Productions. T-Model appeared along with Farmer John and John Horton.

Since 2008, Ford worked with the Seattle-based band, GravelRoad. The project began as a single event, with Ford needing assistance to play the Deep Blues Festival in Minnesota in July 2008. GravelRoad, longtime fans of Ford and performers already scheduled for the festival, agreed to provide support for a ten-show United States tour for Ford through July.

Ford had a pacemaker inserted at the end of that tour, but appeared on stage again with GravelRoad in 2008, 2009 and 2010. He suffered a stroke in early 2010, but despite difficulty with right-hand mobility, managed to complete a successful tour with GravelRoad. This tour concluded with an appearance at Pickathon Festival. Ford and GravelRoad opened the third day of the All Tomorrow's Parties Festival, in New York over Labor Day weekend, 2010, curated by American independent film-maker Jim Jarmusch.

GravelRoad backed Ford on his 2010 and 2011 albums, The Ladies Man and Taledragger, both released by Alive Naturalsound Records.

Ford suffered a second stroke in the summer of 2012 that limited his public appearances. However, he was able to perform at that year's King Biscuit Blues Festival in October.

On July 16, 2013, Fat Possum announced that Ford died at home in Greenville of respiratory failure, after a prolonged illness.

The Mount Zion Memorial Fund, organised the placing of a headstone for Ford at Green Lawn Memorial Gardens Cemetery, near Greenville, Mississippi. The ceremony was on May 31, 2014. The grave marker was designed by Amos Harvey and engraved by Alan Orlicek.

Discography

 * Pee-Wee Get My Gun - 1997 (Fat Possum)
 * You Better Keep Still - 1999 (Fat Possum)
 * She Ain't None of Your'n - 2000 (Fat Possum)
 * Bad Man - 2002 (Fat Possum)
 * Don't Get Out Talkin' It - 2008 (Fat Possum)
 * Jack Daniel Time - 2008 (Mudpuppy)
 * The Ladies Man - 2010 (Alive Naturalsound)
 * Taledragger - 2011 (Alive Naturalsound)
 * I Was Born In A Swamp - 2021 (Alive Naturalsound)

title: T-Model Ford


text:
User talk:Fidoart

Welcome
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Hello,

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title: User talk:Fidoart


text: User talk:85.99.18.28

title: User talk:85.99.18.28