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Abelisaurus

Abelisaurus ("Abel's lizard") is a genus of predatory abelisaurid theropod dinosaur alive during the Late Cretaceous Period (Campanian) of what is now South America. It was a bipedal carnivore that probably reached about 7.4 m in length, although this is uncertain as it is known from only one partial skull.

Discovery and naming
Coining the type species Abelisaurus comahuensis, both genus and species were named and described by Argentine paleontologists José Bonaparte and Fernando Emilio Novas in 1985. The generic name recognizes Roberto Abel as the discoverer of the type specimen, and also as the former director of the provincial Museum of Cipolletti in Argentina, where the specimen is housed. It also incorporates the Greek σαυρος (sauros), meaning 'lizard'. The specific name comahuensis honors the Comahue region of Argentina, where the fossil was found.

The holotype, MC 11098, was in 1983 uncovered at the "Cantera de la Pala Mécanica"-site in the Lago Pellegrini quarries exploited by Abel since 1975. This single known fossil of Abelisaurus consists of a skull, lacking the lower jaws, that is incomplete, especially on the right side. Most of the connections between the snout and the back of the skull are absent. It is also missing most of the palate (roof of the mouth). Despite the missing pieces, it could be estimated at over 85 cm long.

Abelisaurus is one of the many dinosaurs that have been discovered in Patagonia. It was originally described as coming from the Allen Formation but subsequent research proved the remains were actually found in the older Anacleto Formation (part of the Neuquén Group) of Rio Negro Province, Argentina. However, locally Abelisaurus is known to have come from the Sr. Fernandez field, which is in the Campanian Allen Formation, which makes its stratigraphic position unclear. The Anacleto is a geologic formation in South America, dating from the early Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous Period, between 83 and 80 million years ago.

In 2009, Novas suggested that Aucasaurus garridoi might be a junior synonym of Abelisaurus comahuensis. In 2010, Gregory S. Paul renamed Aucasaurus garridoi into Abelisaurus garridoi. This has found no acceptance.

Description
As only the skull is known, it has proven difficult to provide a reliable size estimate of Abelisaurus. It has transpired that abelisaurids have relatively short heads. In 2010, Gregory S. Paul estimated its body length at 10 m, its weight at 3 t. In 2012 Thomas Holtz gave a possible length of 11 metres (36.3 feet). In 2016, its length was estimated to be 7.4 m in a comprehensive analysis of abelisaur size. Others authors gave a similar size at 7.2 metres (23.6 feet) and 1.65 tonnes (1.82 short tons).

Skull length was estimated at 85 cm in 1985. The skull is relatively deep. Although there are no bony crests or horns, like those found in some other abelisaurids, such as Carnotaurus, rough ridges on the snout and above the eyes might have supported some kind of crest made out of keratin, which would not have become fossilized. The skull roof is thickened. There are also very large fenestrae (window-like openings) in the skull, which are found in many dinosaurs and reduce skull weight. One of these is a large triangular antorbital fenestra in the side of the snout. The eye socket behind it is rather high. It is constricted in the middle by bony projections of the lacrimal bone in the front and the postorbital bone at the rear. The eye was located above the constriction. Behind the eye socket a large triangular infratemporal fenestra is present. Its form reflects a strong forward inclination of the back of the skull.

The front snout bone, the premaxilla, bore four relatively small teeth. The maxilla behind it had at least seven, but perhaps as many as thirteen, larger teeth.

Classification
Bonaparte and Novas placed Abelisaurus in the newly created family Abelisauridae in 1985. They thought it was a member of the Carnosauria. Abelisaurus was the first abelisaurid named.

Many other abelisaurids have since been discovered, including much more complete specimens of Aucasaurus, Carnotaurus and Majungasaurus. They showed that abelisaurids were not carnosaurs in the modern sense, but belonged to the Neoceratosauria instead. Some scientists place Abelisaurus as a basal abelisaurid, outside the subfamily Carnotaurinae. Others are less certain of its position. Abelisaurus shares some skull features, such as a relative elongation, with the carcharodontosaurids, a group unrelated to other species assigned to the Abelisauridae, and, since it is known only from a skull, it has been suggested that future discoveries may show that Abelisaurus was in fact a carcharodontosaurid. However, this is thought unlikely.

Paleobiology
As the skull of Abelisaurus was relatively broad at the back, Bonaparte and Novas drew a comparison between the newly described species and the also wide-skulled Tyrannosauridae. They assumed that, just as tyrannosaurids, Abelisaurus were the apex predators of their ecosystem.

In 2010, Paul proposed that Abelisaurus hunted titanosaurian sauropods, such as Antarctosaurus, Pellegrinisaurus, Barrosasaurus and Neuquensaurus.

title: Abelisaurus


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User talk:Mdd4696

If you leave a message here, I will reply here. If I left a message on your talk page, I'd prefer to keep the discussion there.

mwpush.pl and session
The Perl HTTP module should be handling the cookies internally. I haven't run mwpush.pl under Windows before, but my spider sense suggests that there may be something suspect with ActiveState's Perl/HTTP implementation. If I have cycles I can maybe take a poke sometime. - Keith D. Tyler ¶ (AMA) 18:04, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Link to response from CBDunkerson

 * Actually, see the deletion log. I deleted it because it was a redirect to IEEE 801.15.4... which doesn't exist / isn't correct. Creating a new redirect to the actual page would be fine. --CBD 09:05, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

Image:Satisfactionsample.ogg
Thanks for the heads up. FYI, American law does not specify a maximum length for an audio sample to qualify as fair use; the 30 second limit appears to be self-imposed by WP. I'll see if I can upload a shorter version. Johnleemk | Talk 11:00, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Cuddly Panda Films
As a matter of fact I do have a question. How come even as a part of my user page it still can't be allowed, or even be left undeleted? --Cuddly Panda 07:49, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The purpose of user pages is to give Wikipedia editors a way to describe who they are and provide them with a way to communicate with one another. Their main use must be related to Wikimedia projects, and you can read more about them at User page. Now, in most cases, there's no problem with having a few other personal things on your user page, such as userboxes or some lists, as you do. However, it's important to remember that Wikipedia is not a free web host. These policies are in place to keep Wikipedia and its editors focused on creating a free content encyclopedia. User:Cuddly Panda/Cuddly Panda Films and User:Cuddly Panda/Dinosauria have no relation to the project, and you could easily post these pages on your own website. If you'd like, I can send you a copy of the pages so that you may post them elsewhere on the internet. ~MDD4696 17:19, 9 May 2007 (UTC)
 * You can do that? I'd love it. Thanks anywho. --Cuddly Panda 07:51, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

Hi I am justice
I need your help! The following image is listed for deletion. Image:PRINCESS_YASMIN_AGA_KHAN.jpg I don't understand why. I did that picture myself and I stated it when loading the pic. I don't have knowledge about how to do everything in WP, and probably I did something wrong. Can you please help me to reinstate it to its original article? Rodolfo Valentin. Also I don't know what to do to reinstate that picture and remove it from deletion! Thank you very much! justice all the way 14:53, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi. The person who nominated your photo for deletion explained his reasoning on your talk page. You can read about Wikipedia's deletion policy at Deletion policy. The dicussion regarding the image's deletion is at Images and media for deletion, but please only comment there if you have information regarding the image that would justify its inclusion on Wikipedia. Don't worry too much about the image getting deleted--it will probably get moved to Wikimedia Commons, and you'll still be able to use it on Wikipedia. Also, if you want to add the image to the Rodolfo Valentin, just add something like [[Image:PRINCESS YASMIN AGA KHAN.jpg|thumb|Caption goes here.]] to the page. ~MDD4696 13:56, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

Template:PD-UA-exempt
Hi there, I noticed you edited the Template:PD-UA-exempt awhile back. You are welcome to contribute on a related Rfc page here, Requests for comment/FC Vorskla Poltava image. Much appreciated, -- Palffy 21:18, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

Image:Toposa in action.jpg
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This image has been tagged for deletion and will be deleted in one week if adequate copyright information is not provided.

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Fair use rationale for Image:Mudvayne_-_Kill,_I_Oughtta.jpg
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User:74.71.107.23
Would you consider unblocking the above IP? The person editing from that IP was the article subject - she got in touch with me and we got the issue with her article resolved to everyone's satisfaction. For the block to occur so long after the disruptive behavior had stopped makes it look more punitive than preventative. Thanks! Videmus Omnia Talk  17:00, 29 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Some related discussion here. Videmus Omnia Talk  17:03, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

request for comment on Hugh Hefner
Please take the time to go to Hugh Hefner's talkpage and respond to the request for comment on what jerrygraf is trying to add that does not belong on Hugh Hefner's page, but belongs on PEI's, as well as the part I deleted is ment as a "controversial comment on the biography of a living person"Rogue Gremlin 04:24, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Skupnik.jpg
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DRV notice
An editor has asked for a deletion review of GOOOH - Get Out of Our House. Since you closed the deletion discussion for this article or speedy-deleted it, you might want to participate in the deletion review. Jreferee   t / c  19:54, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Mudvayne - Kill, I Oughtta.jpg)
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Image:CIE 1931 triangle.png listed for deletion
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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Yo-Yo Ma - Silk Road Journeys Beyond the Horizon.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Yo-Yo Ma - Silk Road Journeys Beyond the Horizon.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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Mini-DV removal of information
Do I understand correctly that you just recently changed the DV page? If so, in the process you removed some information I once added, specifically the exact size of each compressed NTSC frame, which I thought was relevant (at least I haven't seen this data mentioned anywhere else). I just wanted to ask you about that (rationale, etc.). Thanks, 75.182.81.29 (talk) 18:15, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

 * My edit summary was "→Physical format: rm redundant explanation of capacity... see above Video Compression section". I felt that the rough capacity derivation was redundant given the details in the video compression section. The paragraph still mentions that a MiniDV tape holds 13GB. Also there was a reference link without any relevant information that I removed. ~MDD4696 19:19, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Being a "noob", what is edit summary, and where do I find it?Anatoly larkin (talk) 08:25, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

 * At the top of every page there is a "history" tab for each article. It takes you to a page which shows a list of every edit ever made to that page, with edit summaries. From there you can also see the exact changes that were made for each edit. Let me know if you have any more questions. ~MDD4696 15:43, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

 * So, "Edit Summary" is basically in the end of the "change" line: Date, Username, (Talk|Contribs) (size) ?

 * Ok. Anyway, still, I feel that if somebody wanted to know exactly how many bytes each frame of DV compressed video takes up, my values were accurate and were providing such information.  If you don't think it belongs on this page, where do you recommend putting it in wikipedia?

 * Thanks, Anatoly larkin (talk) 05:18, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

 * You got it with the edit summary. If you'd like to re-add the information I removed, maybe the video compression section is more appropriate? Just use your best judgment and I'd be happy :). ~MDD4696 04:42, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Ok, sure. I'll think about it.  By the way, since you edited that page, are you into DV, or editing? I just dabble.Anatoly larkin (talk) 23:24, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

p.s (also, is there a setting in wikipedia where it will automatically put in my signature in each post, if I forget the 4 tildes, instead of saying something like "this unsigned comment was added by IP address"?)

 * If you forget the four tildes, just edit the comment again and add them. I do not know of anything you can use to ensure that you always sign your comments. It's just a habit to get into. ~MDD4696 02:59, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

Externaudio
what exactly did you edit in Template:Externaudio? and why is it a bad idea???? Wandalstouring (talk) 10:54, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

Image:Rammstein_-_Bestrafe_mich_(sample).ogg
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Image:Rammstein_-_Ohne_dich_(sample).ogg
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Image:Rammstein_-_Zwitter_(sample).ogg
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MIT Blackjack Team
I encourage you to hack and slash at the article as you see fit. The article is a mess and the tags I added months ago have been removed without sufficeint improvement. hbdragon88 (talk) 21:23, 18 May 2008 (UTC)

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Commons de-adminship warning
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Proposed deletion of Call name

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Nomination of Leonie Schaller for deletion
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Nomination for merger of Template:Archive
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Mdd4696


text:
El Mirage

El Mirage may refer to:

 * El Mirage, Arizona, a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States
 * El Mirage Dry Lake, a dry lake bed in the Mojave Desert, California, United States
 * El Mirage (album), the fifth solo album by Jimmy Webb
 * El Mirage, California, an unincorporated community in San Bernardino County, California, United States

title: El Mirage


text:
Theta Aquilae

Theta Aquilae (θ Aql, θ Aquilae) is a binary star in the constellation Aquila. The combined apparent visual magnitude of the pair is 3.26, making it the fourth-brightest member of the constellation. In Chinese, it has the traditional name Tseen Foo, from the Chinese 天桴 (Mandarin pronunciation tiānfú), which could mean "heavenly raft" or "heavenly ridgepole"; it might also mean "heavenly drumsticks", with Altair, Beta Aquilae and Gamma Aquilae being the drum. This distance to this star can be determined through the parallax technique, yielding an estimate of roughly 286 ly from Earth.

Properties
Theta Aquilae is a double-lined spectroscopic binary, which indicates that the individual components have not been viewed through a telescope; instead, what can be viewed is their combined spectrum with the individual absorption line features shifting back and forth over the course of an orbit because of the Doppler effect. Their orbit has a period of 17.1 days with a large orbital eccentricity is 0.60. At the estimated distance of this system, the angular separation of 3.2 milliarcseconds corresponds to a physical separation of only about 0.24–0.28 astronomical units.

Both stars have a matching stellar classification of B9.5 III, indicating that they are massive, B-type giant stars that have exhausted the supply of hydrogen at their cores and evolved away from the main sequence of stars like the Sun. Hummel et al. (1996) gave the primary component, θ Aql A, an estimated mass of 3.6 solar, a radius 4.8 the Sun's, and 278 the luminosity of the Sun. For the secondary component, θ Aql B, they give the corresponding parameters as 2.9 times the mass, 2.4 times the radius and 68 times the luminosity of the Sun. Based upon their estimated parameters, Kaler (2008) suggests that θ Aql A is actually a subgiant star, while θ Aql B is a main sequence star.

Etymology
In Chinese, 天桴 (Tiān Fú), meaning Celestial Drumstick, refers to an asterism consisting of θ Aquilae, 62 Aquilae, 58 Aquilae and η Aquilae. Consequently, the Chinese name for θ Aquilae itself is 天桴一 (Tiān Fú yī, the First Star of Celestial Drumstick.)

In the catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi al Mouakket, this star was designated Thanih Ras al Akab (تاني ألرأس ألعقاب - taanii al ra’s alʕuqāb), which was translated into Latin as Secunda Capitis Vulturis, meaning the second (star) of eagle's head.

This star, along with δ Aql and η Aql, were Al Mizān (ألميزان), the Scale-beam. According to the catalogue of stars in the Technical Memorandum 33-507 - A Reduced Star Catalog Containing 537 Named Stars, Al Mizān were the title for three stars :δ Aql as Al Mizān I, η Aql as Al Mizān II and θ Aql as Al Mizān III.

This star, together with η Aql, δ Aql, ι Aql, κ Aql and λ Aql, constituted the obsolete constellation Antinous.

title: Theta Aquilae


text: Category:1981 meteorology

title: Category:1981 meteorology


text:
Category:Entropy

Articles should not normally appear in this category, but should be put into the subcategories
 * Category:Thermodynamic entropy
 * Category:Entropy and information
 * Category:Quantum mechanical entropy

title: Category:Entropy


text:
Donn Pearce

Donn Pearce (September 28, 1928 – July 25, 2017) was an American author and journalist best known for the novel and screenplay Cool Hand Luke.

Early life
Born Donald Mills Pearce in a suburb of Philadelphia, Pearce left home at 15. He attempted to join the United States Merchant Marine at 16, but was turned away due to his age. He lied about his age, registered for the draft, and was inducted into the United States Army in 1944. Frustrated by rules he considered unnecessary, he went AWOL, then three days later thought better of it and turned himself into a Navy shore patrolman. His sentence was 30 days in the stockade. He served three days of his sentence, then was transferred to a combat infantry unit. Anticipating being sent to the front (this was during WWII), he wrote his mother a letter. She contacted the Army, informed them of his true age, and he was thrown out of the Army. By this time, he was old enough to join the Merchant Marine.

The Merchant Marine took him to Venice when he was 18, to Spain, Denmark, France, Portugal, and Bombay. Postwar Europe had a thriving black market, and Pearce became involved in counterfeiting American money. He attempted to pass some counterfeit bills to a police officer in Marseilles, and was arrested, tried, and imprisoned. Assigned to a work detail outside the prison grounds, Pearce escaped, making his way to the Italian border. The French officials had taken his seaman's papers, so he forged new ones and signed them on a ship to Canada. He crossed from Canada into the United States, where he began a new career: burglary.

He became a safecracker, and in 1949, at age 20, he was arrested for burglary. He served two years in the Florida Department of Corrections chain gangs.

Career
In 1965, Scribner's published his first novel, Cool Hand Luke, and with screenwriter Frank Pierson he went on to co-write the Academy Award–nominated screenplay for the 1967 film. The film starred Paul Newman, and Pearce made a cameo appearance as a convict named Sailor.

In 1966, Pearce appeared as himself on the March 21 episode of To Tell the Truth, receiving two of four possible votes.

His other books include Pier Head Jump (1972) and Dying in the Sun (1974). During the 1970s and early 1980s, he was a freelance journalist, contributing to magazines such as Playboy and Esquire. In 2005, he published a fourth book, Nobody Comes Back, a novel about the Battle of the Bulge, which received an excellent review from Malcolm Jones in the 21 February 2005 edition of Newsweek. In 2011, a dramatization of Cool Hand Luke played on London's West Side, and the novel was reissued in the UK.

Personal life
In his later life, Pearce lived and wrote in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

title: Donn Pearce


text:
Grupo Sanborns

Grupo Sanborns is a retailing arm of the Carlos Slim-run Grupo Carso that includes the namesake Sanborns restaurant and junior department store chain, Mixup music stores, iShop Apple/electronics stores, Sears department stores in Mexico, and until October 2023, Mexico's sole Saks Fifth Avenue store.

As of 2021 the group sales were 53 billion Mexican pesos, equivalent to around US$2.6 billion and it operated in 62 metropolitan areas and towns across the country with formats including:
 * 197 Sanborns restaurant-and-retail stores and Sanborns Cafés (stand-alone restaurants)
 * 141 Mixup (music/video) and iShop (official Apple reseller) stores (usually located next to each other)
 * 97 Sears full-line, mid-range department stores

It is headed up by Patricio Slim Domit, son of Carlos Slim.

Divisions
As of end of 2020 there are the following divisions:
 * Sears
 * Sanborns, see below
 * iShopMixup
 * Other formats, see below

Sanborns division
The Sanborns division as of December 2020 included:
 * Sanborns junior department stores-and-restaurants
 * Sanborns Home&Fashion stores
 * Sanborns Café restaurants
 * DAX cosmetics and variety stores
 * 2 Saks Fifth Avenue stores in Mexico City (both since closed, see Timeline of Saks Fifth Avenue branches

"Other formats" division
Formerly included
 * Two shopping malls, Plaza Loreto and Plaza Inbursa
 * One Sears store in El Salvador
 * ClaroShop e-commerce portal
 * 3 Boutiques
 * three Sanborns stores in Central America (now closed)

iShop
A chain of consumer electronics stores focusing on Apple computers, smartphones and accessories. Certified Apple Premium reseller.

Mixup
A chain of music stores across Mexico, often as joint Mixup/iShop stores.

Saks Fifth Avenue
From 2007 until 2023, the group operated the only Saks Fifth Avenue stores in Mexico, both in Mexico City, one at Plaza Carso mall in Nuevo Polanco from 2010 to 2020, the other at Centro Santa Fe from 2007 to 2023. Deciding not to renew its Saks franchise, the group is to convert it to a Sears.

title: Grupo Sanborns


text:
Council of Four

Council of Four may refer to:

 * The Big Four (World War I), the top Allied leaders who met at the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919
 * Council of Four (India), a political body of 18th century India
 * Council of Four Lands, the central body of Jewish authority in Poland from 1580 to 1764

title: Council of Four


text:
Dartmouth Park

Dartmouth Park is a district of north west London in the Borough of Camden, 6.0 km north of Charing Cross. The area adjoins Highgate and Highgate Cemetery (to the north) and Kentish Town (to the south). Parliament Hill is to the west.

The nearest Underground stations are Tufnell Park and Archway, both on the Northern line. The nearest Overground station is Gospel Oak.

History
Dartmouth Park is named after the Earl of Dartmouth who bought the land in St Pancras parish in the middle of the 18th century, for the relative position of which see Ossulstone Hundred. The 5th Earl of Dartmouth allowed a wave of scrutinised house building in the late 19th century, with most later waves also subject to amenity-giving planning conditions and/or restrictive covenants, such as a limitation on density.

By then the need to increase the supply of fresh water to serve London's growth meant that water companies were building new facilities. Two covered reservoirs were constructed on Maiden Lane (since renamed Dartmouth Park Hill) in 1855 by the New River Company and connected to its new waterworks and pumping station by Stoke Newington reservoirs, two boroughs to the east. Later owned by the Metropolitan Water Board, the reservoirs are now owned by Thames Water Utilities.

Land use and housing
Dartmouth Park is an overwhelmingly residential district. It has a relative (inherently housing-related) emphasis on housing those with middle-to-higher incomes and, by Inner London standards, the retired. Immediately north is the Holly Lodge Estate and then Highgate. Dartmouth Park is separated from Kentish Town to the south by the Gospel Oak to Barking (railway) line. Housing is predominantly detached, terraced and semi-detached houses, late Victorian and Edwardian mansion flats (notable examples include Brookfield Mansions and the blocks in Lissenden Gardens), and some post war housing such as Haddo House.

Parks
The former park demesne is reflected by Waterlow Park and Highgate Cemetery.

A small, landscaped park, Dartmouth Park, is immediately to the east in Islington, adjoining Dartmouth Park Hill. It was laid out on the edge of the reservoirs and opened to the public in 1972. Much of it is taken up by the reservoir tank. It has a children's playground. The top of the slope gives an open semi-panorama. The park has an enclosed seating area surrounded by a hedge, which local children helped to plant in 1991. The park hosted one of the beacons lit nationwide on 21 April 2016 to celebrate Queen Elizabeth II's 90th birthday.

Landmarks
The Anglican church is St Mary Brookfield, designed by William Butterfield and opened in 1875. It is red brick with contrasting yellow and blue brick patterns.

The street named York Rise, bisects the district, forming a gentle vale taken up by the Fleet stream then one of the successive Fleet combined sewers, each intercepted by Joseph Bazalgette's great interceptor sewers, before doing so crossing the railway tracks in a visible large iron pipe.

Notable residents

 * Julian Barnes, novelist
 * Benedict Cumberbatch, actor and film producer, and his wife, theatre director Sophie Hunter
 * Hunter Davies, writer
 * Glenda Jackson, Labour MP
 * Ed Miliband, former Labour party leader and his wife Justine Thornton, environmental lawyer
 * Richard D'Oyly Carte, opera impresario
 * Dave Lee Travis, former Radio 1 DJ
 * Fay Ripley, actress and author
 * Lucy Rose, folk musician
 * Paul Smith, television writer
 * Vas Blackwood, actor
 * Paco Peña, Flamenco guitarist

Past residents

 * Margaret Forster, novelist and biographer
 * Geoffrey Jellicoe, architect
 * Ken Loach, the film director
 * Nova Pilbeam, actress
 * Denny Wright, jazz guitarist

Nearest places

 * Archway
 * Gospel Oak
 * Hampstead Heath
 * Highgate
 * Kentish Town
 * Tufnell Park

Nearest stations

 * Gospel Oak
 * Tufnell Park
 * Archway

title: Dartmouth Park


text:
Kudo-kai

The Kudo-kai (工藤會) is a yakuza group headquartered in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka on the Kyushu island of Japan, with an estimated 200 active members. The Kudo-kai has been a purely independent syndicate ever since its foundation, and has caused numerous conflicts with the Yamaguchi-gumi (at least on eight separate occasions in 2000; at least one Yamaguchi-affiliate boss was shot to death by the Kudo-kai in 2000 ).

The Kudo-kai is the largest yakuza group in the Kitakyushu area, and like other yakuza groups based in the northern Kyushu region, it is noted for its extremely militant stance, by using the likes of machine guns and hand grenades in their activities. The Kudo-kai is regarded as the best example of Kyushu yakuza who strongly oppose the police, get angry easily, and "fight with pride".

The National Police Agency's official report refers to the Kudo-kai as a "particularly nefarious group". One notable incident happened in March 1988, while feuding with a Chinese mafia syndicate attempting to enter the Kitakyushu area, the Kudo-kai attacked the Consulate General Fukuoka office of the People's Republic of China, which had nothing to do with the mafia, with shotguns and a dump truck.

The Kudo-kai is a member of an anti-Yamaguchi fraternal federation, the Yonsha-kai, with three other northern-Kyushu based organizations, the Taishu-kai, Dojin-kai, and Kumamoto-kai. The Yonsha-kai had been known as the "Sansha-kai" until 2005 when the Kumamoto-kai joined it. The Kudo-kai is the principal member of this federation.

History
The Kudo-kai was founded before WWII as a bakuto organization named the "Kudo-gumi" in Kokura by the first president Genji Kudo.

In 1987, the Kudo-kai annexed the Kusano-ikka, a Kitakyushu-based yakuza clan which had frequent violent conflicts with the Kudo-kai until then. The Kudo-kai was registered as a designated yakuza group under the Organized Crime Countermeasures Law in 1992.

Hideo Mizoshita became the third president in January 2000, and he died on July 1, 2008, at the age of 61. His funeral was held on July 6 of that year, where the attendees included many yakuza magnates from all over the country, such as those from the Sumiyoshi-kai, Inagawa-kai, Soai-kai, Matsuba-kai, Kyokuto-kai, Aizukotetsu-kai, Sakaume-gumi, Azuma-gumi, Asano-gumi, Kyodo-kai, Goda-ikka, Shinwa-kai, Kyosei-kai, Kozakura-ikka, Kyokuryu-kai, Okinawa Kyokuryu-kai, and even Kiyoshi Takayama of the Yamaguchi-gumi, and possibly some Russian or Italian or Mexican yakuza magnates.

In June 2011, following the fourth president Satoru Nomura's promotion to the Grand President (sosai), the fourth number-two (rijicho), Fumio Tanoue, became the president.

In 2012, a RPG-26 was recovered by police in a warehouse owned by a Kudo-kai member.

In September 2014, Nomura and Tanoue were arrested. Convicted of ordering four attacks on civilians, one of whom was killed, in 2021 Nomura became the first "designated yakuza" (指定暴力団) boss to be sentenced to death, which was later overturned, with Tanoue sentenced to life imprisonment.

Activities
The Kudo-kai's illegal activities have allegedly included protection racketeering, drug trafficking, unlawful involvement in public works such as public construction projects, and in legitimate businesses such as commerce and trade, including in nuclear power in Japan.

According to a Wall Street Journal article appearing February 2, 2012: "Like many Japanese gangs, the Kudokai even maintains its own public headquarters, the Kudokai Hall — a four-story, fortress-like white building surrounded by tall walls, barbed wire and security cameras — that sits in the center of Kitakyushu, a city of one million residents."

Attacks on civilians
The Kudo-kai is notorious for not hesitating to attack katagi civilians, or ordinary civilians, notably, the Kudo-kai has attacked; the Kyushu Electric Power president's house and the Saibu Gas chairman's house located in Fukuoka with grenades (alleged cases), a bar managed by an anti-organized crime campaign leader with a hand grenade, future Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's Shimonoseki house and office with molotov cocktails on several occasions, among many others with grenades or firearms.

The NHK Broadcasting Center received a threatening phone call from a man claiming himself to be a Kudo-kai insider after the NHK television network made a nationwide broadcast about the series of gun attacks on the office buildings of the Saibu Gas allegedly done by the Kudo-kai.

Territories
The Kudo-kai maintains its headquarters office in Kokura Kita, Kitakyushu and its known offices in two other prefectures. The Kudo-kai's notable "territories" outside of Kitakyushu allegedly include Harajuku, Tokyo, more specifically the Ura-Harajuku area known as "Ura-Hara". The origin of this "ownership" allegedly traces back to the early 1980s, when the Sumiyoshi-kai, the original "owner" of this area, yielded to the Dojin-kai in a conflict in which many of the Sumiyoshi-kai's traditional "territories" were seized by the Dojin-kai. The Kudo-kai was allegedly given this "territory" by the Dojin-kai, and that is the alleged key reason why it was in Kitakyushu where the leading Ura-Hara brand Good Enough's first flag shop opened, and why many leading figures in the 1980s-1990s "Ura-Hara" movement frequently visited Kitakyushu and many of them were actually from Kitakyushu (Toru Iwai, a co-founder of Good Enough, for one), and why the volume of distribution of drugs especially methamphetamines and relatively new drugs such as MDMA in Tokyo has rapidly increased since then. Kudo-kai is known to have sold high-quality, brand-name MDMA drugs made in the likes of the Benelux region, Israel, or Indonesia, not gang-made impure ones.

Authority's view
The Kudo-kai is a designated yakuza group under the Organized Crime Countermeasures Law, and has been referred to as a "grossly vicious group" in the National Police Agency's official report.

title: Kudo-kai


text:
Talk:Grand Skink

not true!

im afraid it is, my friend...

title: Talk:Grand Skink


text: Template:Archaeologist-stub

title: Template:Archaeologist-stub


text:
Talk:Blacula

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Blacula. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080511180136/http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html to http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

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title: Talk:Blacula


text: Category:Archaeologist stubs

title: Category:Archaeologist stubs


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Borough (poem)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedied Wikibofh 15:22, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

The Borough (poem)
This article is blank. The inter-wiki link leads to nothing. Banana04131 23:46, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Delete Has page history mostly involveing whole poem which should be on some other wiki project.--Banana04131 23:46, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete under CSD A3, as an article consisting only of an interwiki link. --Mysidia (talk) 07:45, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * On second thought it should definetly be under speedy. Retract Nomination --Banana04131 16:22, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Western Highlands

Western Highlands may refer to:

 * Western Highlands Province, in Papua New Guinea
 * Western High Plateau, a region of Cameroon
 * The western part of the Scottish Highlands

title: Western Highlands


text:
RPG-18

The RPG-18 Mukha (Муха) is a Soviet short-range, disposable light anti-tank rocket launcher designed in 1972. It was based on the M72 LAW.

History

The RPG-18 is very similar to the US M72-series LAW anti-tank rocket launcher, with captured examples during the Vietnam War likely being sent to the Soviet Union. The RPG-18 has been succeeded by the RPG-22, a very similar design with a larger warhead.

Description
The RPG-18 fires a 64 mm PG-18 high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead mounted on a small rocket able to engage targets within 200 meters. The warhead self-destructs six seconds after launch, placing a limit on range even if a sight was used that was effective with targets beyond 200 meters. The RPG-18 can penetrate up to 300 mm of conventional armor. However, performance is significantly lessened when the RPG-18 is used against targets protected by HEAT-resistant explosive reactive armour (ERA) or composite armor.

Unlike better known weapons, the RPG-18 requires only one operator because it is not reloadable. Assistant grenadiers are used to help reload the RPG-2, RPG-7 and RPG-16 systems.

Users

 * 🇹🇩 Chad
 * Republic of the Congo
 * Georgia
 * Hamas
 * 🇮🇶 Iraq Iraqi insurgents
 * Transnistria
 * 🇵🇦 Panama
 * Free Syrian Army
 * Hamas
 * 🇮🇶 Iraq Iraqi insurgents
 * Transnistria
 * 🇵🇦 Panama
 * Free Syrian Army
 * Transnistria
 * 🇵🇦 Panama
 * Free Syrian Army
 * Free Syrian Army
 * Free Syrian Army

Former users

 * Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
 * Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda
 * Donetsk People's Republic: Used by DPR forces during the War in Donbas and the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine before their annexation by Russia in November 2022.
 * Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN)
 * 🇳🇮: Sandinista Popular Army
 * : Passed on to successor states.
 * Real Irish Republican Army
 * Real Irish Republican Army

General

 * Jones, Richard. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2005–06. Coulsdon: Jane's, 2005. ISBN 0-7106-2694-0.

title: RPG-18


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rancidsquid.com

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was RESULT: Delete -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 00:59, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Rancidsquid.com
Possible spam. Delete --AllyUnion (talk) 23:50, 8 October 2005 (UTC)}
 * Delete. Possible spam?  More like blatant spam...  Bushytails 06:20, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable website --Mysidia (talk) 07:42, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
List of airports by ICAO code: E

EB – Belgium
All Belgian airports from Aeronautical Information Publication at Belgocontrol except where noted.

EG – United Kingdom (and British Crown dependencies)
Other categories: Airports in England, Airports in Northern Ireland, Airports in Scotland, Airports in Wales

EL – Luxembourg
All airports in Luxembourg from Aeronautical Information Publication at Belgocontrol.

EN – Norway
Note: majority of the entries show "airport name, village or town or city" – "municipality", "county"

title: List of airports by ICAO code: E


text:
Kings of Damnation 98–04

Kings of Damnation 98–04 is mostly a compilation album of Zakk Wylde's Black Label Society, although the first four tracks are pre-1998 and not actual Black Label Society tracks. The limited edition digipak contains a seven-track bonus disc featuring cover songs and videos.

This is the second compilation released to document Zakk Wylde's catalogue, the first being the promotional-only No More Tears EP.

Track listing

 * 1) "Losin' Your Mind" – 5:28 – (Pride & Glory)
 * 2) "Horse Called War" – 5:01 – (Pride & Glory)
 * 3) "Between Heaven and Hell" – 3:22 – (Wylde)
 * 4) "Sold My Soul" – 4:53 – (Wylde)
 * 5) "Bored to Tears" – 4:28
 * 6) "Bleed for Me" – 5:30
 * 7) "T.A.Z." – 1:55
 * 8) "Counterfeit God" – 4:18
 * 9) "Stronger Than Death" – 4:53
 * 10) "Speedball" – 0:58
 * 11) "Demise of Sanity" – 3:23
 * 12) "We Live No More" – 3:59
 * 13) "Stillborn" – 3:15
 * 14) "The Blessed Hellride" – 4:32
 * 15) "Crazy or High" – 3:34
 * 16) "House of Doom" – 3:45
 * 17) "Takillya" – 0:40
 * 18) "Doomsday Inc." – 4:24 (*)
 * 19) "S.D.M.F." – 3:32 (*)

(*) previously unreleased

Bonus enhanced CD

 * 1) "No More Tears" – (Ozzy Osbourne cover)
 * 2) "A Whiter Shade of Pale" – (Procol Harum cover)
 * 3) "Heart of Gold" – (Neil Young cover)
 * 4) "Snowblind" – (Black Sabbath cover)
 * 5) "The Wizard" – (Black Sabbath cover) – (Pride & Glory)
 * 6) "In My Time of Dying" – (as made famous by Led Zeppelin) – (Pride & Glory)
 * 7) "Come Together" – 3:51 (Beatles cover) – (Pride & Glory)
 * 8) "Counterfeit God" (video)
 * 9) "Stillborn" (video)
 * 10) "Bleed for Me" (video)

Credits
Below credits are for the main disc, not the bonus disc:
 * Zakk Wylde – guitar, vocals, piano, bass
 * James Lomenzo – bass (tracks 1–4, 16)
 * Brian Tichy – drums (tracks 1, 2)
 * Joe Vitale – drums (tracks 3, 4)
 * Phil Ondich – drums (tracks 5, 8, 9)
 * Christian Werr – drums (tracks 6, 11)
 * Craig Nunenmacher – drums (tracks 12–16, 18, 19)
 * Mike Inez – bass (track 15)
 * Mike Piazza – "Growls of Doom" on track 9
 * Ozzy Osbourne – vocals (track 13)
 * Production/Engineering by Zakk Wylde, Rick Parashar, John Plum, Ron and Howard Albert, Lee DeCarlo, Rony Brack, Eddie Mapp, Barry Conley

title: Kings of Damnation 98–04


text: Category:1976 meteorology

title: Category:1976 meteorology


text: User talk:69.92.88.130

title: User talk:69.92.88.130


text:
Talk:Flag of Somaliland

Meaning of colours, star, Somali flag banned
The article doesn't tell me the symbolism of the different colour or star. Also it should say why the Somali flag is banned in Somaliland. Kelly222 (talk) 21:46, 27 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Flag of Somaliland


text: Category:1975 meteorology

title: Category:1975 meteorology


text: Category:1974 meteorology

title: Category:1974 meteorology


text: Category:1973 meteorology

title: Category:1973 meteorology


text: Category:1972 meteorology

title: Category:1972 meteorology


text: Category:1971 meteorology

title: Category:1971 meteorology


text: Category:1970 meteorology

title: Category:1970 meteorology


text: User talk:86.133.226.97

title: User talk:86.133.226.97


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Alanis Morissette/archive1

Alanis Morissette

 * Alanis Morissette --Kaihsu Tai 20:23, 2003 Dec 30 (UTC)
 * Disagree. The prose has a tendency to ramble, and at times reads more like a record review or a segment of one of those gossipy "Hollywood insider" programs such as Entertainment Tonight instead of an encyclopedia article.  The elements of a good article are there, but this needs editing. - Scooter 08:07, 11 Jan 2004 (UTC)
 * Disagree. Doesnt look "clean" and does not really fit into an encyclopedia. Also i don't like the external links to Amazon under Notable works. bbx 15:55, 20 Jan 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Nu-Mixx Klazzics

Insults
Fuck Nu Mixx classikz, this CD is just another attempt by Suge Night to profit off of a dead man...

Sure is! --Taurus8 sam 13:20, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:2pac nu klazzies.jpg
Image:2pac nu klazzies.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 23:22, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Nu-Mixx Klazzics


text:
Don't Leave Home

"Don't Leave Home" is the third single released from English singer Dido's second album, Life for Rent (2003). The song was first released as a digital download in various territories on 10 April 2004 before its physical UK release two days later. "Don't Leave Home" peaked at number 25 on the UK Singles Chart and charted for nine weeks. A remix of the song's B-side, "Stoned", by American electronic music duo Deep Dish topped the US Billboard Dance Club Play chart.

Background
"Don't Leave Home" deals with drug addiction. It is written and sung from the point of view of the drug singing to the person who is addicted to it. It was originally a demo recorded for her 1999 album No Angel, but it was included instead on the 2003 album, Life for Rent. It was written and produced by Dido Armstrong and her brother Rollo Armstrong. The song is set in common time composed in a moderate tempo of 80 beats per minute, written in F♯ major with a vocal range from the tone of F♯4 to the note of C♯6.

Music video
The Jake Nava-directed music video for "Don't Leave Home" starts with the singer driving on a desert road as it gets dark. Suddenly, she finds herself in front of a forest. Dido leaves the car, drops her suitcase on the ground, and enters the forest. Some of the themes and scenery imply drug addiction, like the hazy affects, the forest filled with mushrooms and hallucinations of spiders and snakes. She leaves the forest and comes across a huge rock-like cliff by the ocean. She sings calmly by the cliff before jumping into the ocean and finds herself on a wide strand with white sand singing out to the ocean. The video ends with the car driving on with broken white lines. The video was shot in Cape Town, South Africa.

"Stoned"
The B-side of the "Don't Leave Home" single, "Stoned", was released as a promotional single from Life for Rent. The song tells the story of an unwinding relationship, clouded through drugs. "Stoned" was remixed by Deep Dish; this version peaked at number one on the US Billboard Dance Club Play chart on the week dated 24 January 2004. At the end of 2004, Billboard ranked the remix as the second-most-successful dance club track of year.

Track listings
UK CD single
 * 1) "Don't Leave Home"
 * 2) "Stoned" (Deep Dish Stoner remix edit)

European CD single
 * 1) "Don't Leave Home" – 3:48
 * 2) "Stoned" (Deep Dish remix edit) – 4:00
 * 3) "Don't Leave Home" (video with lyrics)

Credits and personnel
Credits are lifted from the "Don't Leave Home" UK CD single liner notes and the Life for Rent booklet.

Studios
 * Recorded at The Ark, The Church, Wessex Studios (London, England), and Cubejam (Miami, Florida)
 * Mixed at The Church (London, England)
 * "Don't Leave Home" strings recorded at AIR Studios (London, England)
 * Mastered at Metropolis Studios (London, England)

Artwork
 * Simon Corkin – artwork design
 * Bev Jones – photography

"Don't Leave Home" personnel
 * Dido – writing (as Dido Armstrong), production
 * Rollo – writing (as Rollo Armstrong), production
 * Richard Parfitt – guitar
 * Sister Bliss – additional keyboards, drum programming
 * Makoto Sakamoto – drums
 * Mike Hedges – production
 * Matthieu Clouard – production assistance
 * Ash Howes – mixing
 * Phill Brown – recording
 * Ger McDonnell – recording
 * James Sanger – programming
 * Mark Bates – programming assistance
 * Pete Davies – programming assistance
 * Nick Ingman – string arrangement
 * Gavyn Wright – concertmaster
 * Miles Showell – mastering

"Stoned" (Deep Dish remix) personnel
 * Dido – writing (as Dido Armstrong), production
 * Rollo – writing (as Rollo Armstrong), production
 * Lester Mendez – writing, original recordings
 * Adam Zimmon – acoustic guitar
 * Carlos Paucer – percussion
 * Sister Bliss – piano
 * Mark Bates – additional keyboards, programming
 * Ash Howes – mixing
 * Phill Brown – recording
 * Steve Sidelnyk – additional drum programming
 * Deep Dish – remix and additional production (as Dubfire and Sharam), remix mixing
 * Matt Nordstrom – remix mixing

title: Don't Leave Home


text: Talk:Funneling

title: Talk:Funneling


text:
Moshe Lazar

Moshe Lazar (July 4, 1928 – December 13, 2012, was a professor of comparative literature and drama at the University of Southern California (and the founder of the school's comparative literature department).  Prior to his arrival at USC in 1977, he served as the Dean of the School of Visual and Performing Arts (of which he was also the founder) at the University of Tel Aviv. Lazar wrote more than 40 books over the course of his academic career and also translated numerous French, Spanish, and Italian plays into Hebrew for performance on the Israeli stage.

Lazar received his M.A. in 1951 from Hebrew University and his Ph.D. from the Sorbonne in 1957. He also received an honorary doctorate from the University of Judaism (now the American Jewish University) in 1990 and an Orden del Mérito Civil from the consul general of Spain in 1993, and was awarded the Raubenheimer Outstanding Senior Faculty Award by USC in 2003.

title: Moshe Lazar


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Deuce (character)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Gareth Hughes 21:36, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Deuce (character)
This article seems to lack relevance. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.191.87.148 (talk • contribs) 23:54, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This afd nomination was orphaned. Listing now.  Redirect to Jerkcity, I suppose, though that may well be worth nominating, too. —Cryptic (talk) 11:38, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom. Don't see a need for a redirect.   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   14:04, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN --Rogerd 09:41, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Third conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War

The Third Goryeo–Khitan War was an 11th-century conflict between the Goryeo dynasty of Korea and the Khitan-led Liao dynasty of China near what is now the border between China and North Korea. The Goryeo–Khitan Wars began in 993 with the first campaign and continued with the second campaign.

After the second Liao campaign against Goryeo, the two sides fought indecisively until 1018, when a large expeditionary army was mobilized by the Liao under the command of Xiao Paiya. The army crossed the Yalu in late 1018 but was ambushed by a superior Goryeo force and suffered severe losses. However the Goryeo army had cut their line of retreat, so Xiao Paiya marched south with the intent of taking Kaesong. They were constantly harried by Korean attacks and forced to retreat. At the Battle of Gwiju, they were encircled and attacked by the Goryeo army, which almost annihilated the Khitan army. According to Korean sources, only a few thousand men managed to retreat to the Liao border.

Aftermath
The next year, the Khitans assembled another large army to march on Goryeo. At this point both sides realized that they could not defeat each other militarily, so in 1020 King Hyeonjong resumed sending tribute, and in 1022 the Khitans officially recognized the legitimacy of King Hyeonjong's reign. In 1022, a Khitan envoy was sent to invest Hyeongjong as king, and when he died in 1031, his successor Wang Heum was also invested by the Liao court as king. Goryeo would remain a Liao tributary, and the relationship between Liao and Goryeo would remain peaceful until the end of the Liao dynasty. According to historian Bielenstein however, Goryeo maintained diplomatic relations with Song rather than break relations, Hyeonjong kept his own reign title, and the two states concluded peace as equals in 1022.

title: Third conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War


text:
South Keys station

South Keys station is the southernmost station of the Southeast Transitway in Ottawa. The station is located in the South Keys neighbourhood, behind the south end of the South Keys Shopping Centre, and between Bank Street and the Airport Parkway. The Transitway station was opened for bus service on September 2, 1995.

Previously, City Council approved the addition of an O-Train station at South Keys (instead of Lester) in conjunction of the expansion of the north–south light rail line. The project was cancelled on December 14, 2006. In 2024, an O-Train station will open next to the existing Transitway station, serving as the transfer point between the Trillium Line and the Airport Link.

O-Train station
In 2024, an additional island platform O-Train station will be opened on the west side of the Transitway station, accessible by elevator or stairs via the existing pedestrian walkway beneath the station. The South Keys O-Train station will serve as a transfer station between Line 2 and Line 4, (the "Airport Link"), and has been designed with a third pocket track to enable operations for cross platform transfers between the two lines. A Line 4 train will drop off its passengers on the northbound platform, then move to the pocket track to allow Line 2 trains to serve both north and southbound platforms. The Line 4 train then moves to the southbound platform to pick up Airport-bound passengers.

Service
The following routes serve South Keys as of April 4, 2024:

 * After Line 2 and Line 4 open for revenue service in 2024, Route 97 will be discontinued and replaced by Line 4. Route 99 service to/from Riverside South will be replaced by Line 2.
 * School route 693 serves the intersection of Transitway and Hunt Club, but not this station directly.

Safety issues
This station has a history of safety concerns during the night time hours. There were several incidents involving assaults, swarming and vandalism in the vicinity which prompted some increased safety measures. This station has a Transecure night stop which all buses use after 9 PM.

title: South Keys station


text:
Category talk:Meteorology by year

comments
I converted all sub-topics and added some new ones, using. I'm not sure how far this should be carried back by year before it switches to using decades. Atlantic hurricane seasons are done by year back to 1890, but other basins switch to using decades in the mid-20th century. Jdorje 23:57, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * We should consider whether we want to keep the century, decade and individual years, or simply put each of the years into decades, decades into centuries, etc. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 07:02, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

Better category names
To be both proper in grammar and consistent with the rest of Wikipedia categories by year, the proper name is category: meteorology by year for this category, and category: 2005 in meteorology (for example) for each of the years. –radiojon 20:46, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Meteorology by year


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nicholas Ross

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 15:57, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Nicholas Ross
NN actor, probably hoax or vanity Cnwb 23:57, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletions.    -- Cyberjunkie | Talk 13:35, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No claims or evidence of notability. Btm 00:39, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete per A7. Pburka 01:01, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as unverifiable. How exactly are we supposed to confirm that he was critically acclaimed for his performance in an untitled film? --Metropolitan90 01:06, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ambi 05:03, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nominator, possible hoax. Hall Monitor 18:09, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Unverifiable, Delete. Snottygobble | Talk 02:05, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nominator.--Cyberjunkie | Talk 13:35, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - who? --DarbyAsh 08:56, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --99of9 18:02, 13 October 2005 (EST)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Milnesand, New Mexico

Milnesand is an unincorporated community in southern Roosevelt County, in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of New Mexico. The village is located approximately 35 miles south of Portales on New Mexico State Road 206. Milnesand is located on the Llano Estacado, a mesa that covers a large area in eastern New Mexico and west Texas.

The area around Milnesand has had a relatively low human population density in recent centuries due to the lack of perennial water across most of the Llano Estacado. The region likely supported a greater abundance of wildlife and game for indigenous people during wetter periods, as evidenced by Pleistocene era bison kill sites. The Milnesand Point (11,000 - 9,000 B.P.) is a Paleo-Indian projectile point that was first formally described from a site along Sulphur Draw near Milnesand. Native American tribes that inhabited the area included the Comanche and Apache. In the early 18th century, the Comanches expanded their territory into the Llano Estacado, displacing the Apaches who had previously lived there.

Milnesand was home to the High Plains Lesser Prairie-Chicken Festival which was held annually from 2002 to 2012. The town has earned the nickname "Prairie-chicken Capital of New Mexico" because of the abundance of lesser prairie-chickens that inhabit the shinnery oak prairie, which typifies much of the surrounding habitat. As such, Milnesand has been a regional hub for lesser prairie-chicken research and conservation.

title: Milnesand, New Mexico


text:
William Mackay (artist)

William Andrew Mackay (1876 - July 26, 1939) was an American artist who created a series of murals about the achievements of Theodore Roosevelt. Those three murals, completed in 1936, were installed beneath the rotunda in the Roosevelt Memorial Hall of the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Less known but also important, he was a major contributor to the development of ship camouflage in the United States during World War I.

Biography
Mackay was born in 1876 in Philadelphia to Elizabeth J. and Frank F. Mackay. After high school, he studied at the City College of New York, the Académie Julian in Paris, and the American Academy in Rome. As a muralist, he completed projects for the Library of Congress, the American Museum of Natural History, the Minnesota State House of Representatives, and other locations.

Ship Camouflage
Mackay played a major role in the development of U.S. ship camouflage during World War I, although there are conflicting accounts of the extent of his contributions. According to one report, he experimented with low visibility ship camouflage as early as 1913 (Perry 1919, pp. 138–139). In that source, he is said to have painted a vessel with red, green and violet splotches (not unlike a Pointillist painting), with the result that, when viewed from a distance, the ship appeared “to melt into sea and sky,” making it less visible than if it had been painted with a flat “battleship gray,” as had been the earlier practice.

A later account describes Mackay’s testimony in 1917 at a meeting of the U.S. Navy Consulting Board in Washington D.C. (Crowell 1921, p. 496). In that presentation, he used a toy-like spinning device to demonstrate the visual effects of one or more rotating colored disks (comparable to Maxwell’s disks). One of these disks had been painted with equal components of red, violet and green, while another had green and violet sectors. When the disks were spun, the former appeared as an indistinct gray, while the second produced the appearance of a color described as “the blue of sea water.” On the basis of these demonstrations, Mackay argued (as he had in 1913) that low visibility hues could result when red, green and violet colors were viewed from a sufficient distance.

After the U.S. entered World War I in 1917, a scheme devised by Mackay was one of five camouflage “measures” approved by the U.S. Navy Consulting Board for official use on merchant ships. His proposal was subsequently patented in 1919, as U.S. Patent No. 1,305,296, titled “Process of Rendering Objects Less Visible Against Backgrounds.” During World War I, he also served as the head of the camouflage section of the New York District of the Emergency Fleet Corporation, for which he supervised the artists who applied camouflage patterns to merchant ships in that district’s harbors (Warner 1919).

One of the artists who worked with Mackay during World War I was John D. Whiting, who wrote a semi-fictional book about his own wartime experiences (Whiting 1928), in which it is said that Mackay started a camouflage training school, and published a Handbook on Ship Camouflage in 1937.

Death
He died on July 26, 1939, of a heart attack on a subway train at 125th Street and Broadway.

title: William Mackay (artist)


text:
Category:Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (historic)

Members of Parliament (MPs) in the United Kingdom House of Commons each represent a single geographic area called a constituency. (Until 1950, some constituencies had more than one MP.) The boundaries are subject to regular review by an independent Boundary Commission. Often some constituencies are abolished or created anew in the reviews.


text:
User:Xfrank

Not much to say right now, but you never know I might add something that makes sense in the future.

-- I work in:
 * podcasting
 * illustration
 * interface design
 * typogaphy
 * visual effects

Since September 2006 I'm running the post production BlogZine "Behind the Frame".

xfrank 22:37, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Xfrank


text:
Talk:Cinderella stamp

Easter Seals and Christmas Seals
Should Easter Seals and Christmas Seals be mentioned here? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.20.251.27 (talk • contribs) 00:02, 9 October 2005
 * No doubt. --Michael Romanov (talk) 08:11, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

So what is it?
The article didn't really help me understand what "cinderella stamps" are. What is the difference between these and postage stamps??? --Cotoco 20:23, 12 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Good point, try it now. Stan 01:26, 13 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks, that helps.
 * Now, do you know why they are called "Cinderella"? --Cotoco 17:09, 13 March 2006 (UTC)
 * None of my sources gives an explanation. OED mentions use of "cinderella" as a generic term that for things that are looked down upon but are attractive after all, after Cinderella, so probably somebody in the philatelic press used the term offhandedly one time and it stuck. Stan 18:12, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

Railway stamps
I think not all of them should be considered as cinderellas. I agree that those issued by the Ffestiniog Railway Letter Service are privately printed and used in addition to normal Royal Mail postage. But we have other examples. In Belgium, they issued in 1929-1982 official stamps for franking the official correspondence of the Administration of the Belgian National Railways (Scott #O1-O96), and I doubt those were pure cinderellas. --Michael Romanov (talk) 08:09, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

World Service Authority stamps
The World Government Stamps issued by the World Service Authority in 1981 and helped to convey thousands of letters between China and Taiwan (via a WSA agent in Hong Kong). http://worldservice.org/cat.html?s=4#stamps http://www.onefilms.com/garry-davis-herald-tribune-quixotic-quest-article.php Should they be listed here? (Since Hong Kong stamps were used for the actual postage and the WSA did not intend to replace national post systems).
 * Not unless you can find significant coverage in reliable third party sources of the stamps as stamps. I note there is already an article for Garry Davis and he clearly is notable so you could include the stamps there, but again you would need reliable third party coverage for that aspect of his story. I note that both the links you have provided appear to be commercial in one way or another. Philafrenzy (talk) 12:25, 3 July 2013 (UTC)

Lead grammar
So if the term Cinderella stamp "excludes imprinted stamps", does that mean that imprinted stamps are not Cinderella stamps? Somehow I suspect the contrary is intended, but I'm hardly sure. 82.21.171.200 (talk) 02:52, 5 March 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Cinderella stamp


text:
File:Mustila.jpg

Summary
A fish (mustila in local dialect) caught off the coast of Algeria.

title: File:Mustila.jpg


text:
Adam Makowicz

Adam Makowicz (born Adam Matyszkowicz; 18 August 1940) is a Polish pianist and composer living in Toronto. He performs jazz and classical piano pieces, as well as his own compositions.

Biography
Adam Makowicz was born into a family of ethnic Poles in Hnojník (now in the Czech Republic), in an area annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war, he was raised in Poland. He studied classical music at the Chopin Conservatory of Music in Kraków. Overcoming cultural restrictions under the communist government, he developed a passion for modern jazz. At the time, political freedom and improvisation were disapproved of by the pro-Soviet authorities. Nonetheless, he embarked on a new professional life by switching from the career of a classical pianist to that of a touring jazz pianist. After years of hardship, Makowicz gained a regular gig at a small jazz club in a cellar of a house in Kraków. He was named the "Best jazz pianist" by the readers of Poland's Jazz Forum magazine, and was awarded a gold medal for his contribution to the arts.

In 1977, Makowicz made a 10-week concert tour of the United States, produced by John Hammond. At that time, he recorded a solo album titled Adam on CBS. In 1977, he settled in New York. Makowicz was banned from Poland during the 1980s after the Polish regime imposed martial law to crush the Solidarity movement. At that time, he took part in Ronald Reagan's initiative called "Let Poland Be Poland", joining many artists and public figures.

During the 2000s, he moved to Toronto, Canada, and continued his career as a concert pianist and recording artist. In the course of his career, Makowicz has performed with major symphony orchestras, such as the National Symphony Orchestra, at Carnegie Hall, at the Kennedy Centre, and other major concert halls in Americas and in Europe. He has recorded over 30 albums of jazz, popular, and classical music, with his own arrangements of pieces by Chopin, Gershwin, Berlin, Kern, Porter, Rodgers, and other composers. Makowicz also wrote and recorded his own compositions for piano.

Makowicz has been building bridges between cultures by his numerous concerts performance and recordings of cross-cultural and cross-style compositions. He performed and recorded music by Chopin and Gershwin with the Warsaw Philharmonic, Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra, National Symphony in Washington, London Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, and other internationally recognized companies. In 1999, in commemoration of 150th anniversary of Chopin's death, Adam Makowicz played his piano tribute to Chopin at the French embassy in Washington. His interpretations of classical pieces by Chopin and Gershwin are marked by finesse, inventiveness, and extraordinary technical virtuosity.

Instruments

 * Bösendorfer pianos – some live performances in the 1990s and 2000s, some recordings
 * Steinway & Sons pianos – most stage performances with symphony orchestras, and solo from 1950s through the 2000s, some recordings
 * Baldwin pianos – some performances in the USA
 * C. Bechstein Pianofortefabrik pianos – live performances and some recordings in Europe
 * Bluthner pianos – some performances in Europe
 * Fazioli pianos – some performances
 * Rhodes electric piano – live recording in Europe
 * Yamaha pianos – some performances and studio recordings

As Leader

 * 1972 Newborn Light (Cameo) with Urszula Dudziak
 * 1973 Unit (Muza)
 * 1975 Live Embers (Muza)
 * 1977 Piano Vista Unlimited (Helicon)
 * 1978 Adam (Columbia)
 * 1978 Winter Flowers (Supraphon)
 * 1981 From My Window (Choice Records)
 * 1982 Classic Jazz Duets (Stash Records) with George Mraz
 * 1983 The Name Is Makowicz Live (Sheffield Lab)
 * 1986 Moonray (RCA)
 * 1987 Naughty Baby (RCA)
 * 1987 Interface (Sonet)
 * 1989 Swiss Encounter (East-West) with James Morrison
 * 1992 Plays Irving Berlin (VWC Records)
 * 1993 The Music Of Jerome Kern (Concord)
 * 1993 Adam Makowicz at Maybeck (Concord)
 * 1994 Concord Duo Series Vol. 5 (Concord)
 * 1994 My Favorite Things: The Music of Richard Rodgers (Concord)
 * 1997 A Tribute To Art Tatum  (VWC Records)
 * 1997 A Handful of Stars  (Chiaroscuro Records)
 * 1998 Gershwin (Agencja)
 * 2000 Reflections On Chopin (AM Records)
 * 2000 Plays Duke Ellington (Showcase Records)
 * 2003 Songs For Manhattan (AM Records)
 * 2004 At The Carnegie Hall (Pomaton EMI) with Leszek Mozdzer
 * 2005 From My Field (AM Records)
 * 2007 Indigo Bliss (Universal Music)

title: Adam Makowicz


text:
Game Boy Wars

Game Boy Wars (ゲームボーイウォーズ) is a wargame developed by Nintendo and Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy in Japan only in 1991. It is a portable follow-up to the 1988 Family Computer wargame Famicom Wars, making it the second game in Nintendo's Wars series. A series of sequels to the original Game Boy Wars were produced by Hudson Soft.

Gameplay
Two countries, Red Star and White Moon, are warring against each other. The player takes control of forces from either on hexagonal maps with square tiles. As the commander, the player must direct their forces to either destroy all the enemy forces or capture the enemy's capital city. In pursuit of this goal, the player attempts to take control of the cities, factories, airports, and harbors on each map. There are a total of 36 maps in the game.

The player and their opponent (the CPU or another player) take turns (or phases) in moving their armies, which can deploy up to 50 units. Each of the units can be given an order, such as attacking enemy units, assisting friendly units, or conquering. Units can be land, sea, or air units, and can be deployed from near the player's capital using funds obtained from any of the player's properties. Land units can be sent out from cities or factories, air units from airports, and vessels from harbors. There are 24 different kinds of units that can be deployed by both armies.

Reception
GamesRadar listed the Game Boy Wars series as one of the titles they wanted in the 3DS Virtual Console.

Sequels
A series of sequels to the original Game Boy Wars were later published several years after the original game was released. These sequels were developed and published by Hudson Soft instead of Nintendo and Intelligent Systems.

Game Boy Wars Turbo
Game Boy Wars Turbo is an enhanced version of the original Game Boy Wars that was released on June 24, 1997. The main new feature in Game Boy Wars Turbo is that the CPU now has a better decision-making algorithm during its turns, allowing battles to proceed swifter than in the original. Turbo also features 50 new maps, as well as Super Game Boy support. Like some of Hudson's other Game Boy games at this time, the game was released exclusively in a tin, rather than the cardboard boxes of most Game Boy games.

An alternate version of Game Boy Wars Turbo was released as a promotional giveaway by Weekly Famitsu featuring a set of maps submitted by readers of the magazine.

Game Boy Wars 2
Game Boy Wars 2, the second of the Game Boy Wars sequels by Hudson Soft, was released on November 20, 1998. It features support for the Super Game Boy and Game Boy Color. The CPU's decision-making algorithm has once again been improved and the game now displays which spaces the player can move into or attack when they're moving a unit, allowing for a clearer decision-making process for the player. There are 54 new maps in Game Boy Wars 2.

Game Boy Wars 3
Game Boy Wars 3, the third and final Game Boy Wars sequel produced by Hudson, was released on August 30, 2001 (a month before the North American release of Advance Wars) for the Game Boy Color. The working title during the game's development was Game Boy Wars Pocket Tactics.

The gameplay of Game Boy Wars 3 is a departure from the previous Game Boy Wars titles, being modeled after the Nectaris series of war simulators that were also produced by Hudson. For example, indirect attack units can now move and attack at the same time in one turn. In contrast to the previous Game Boy Wars titles, having the required fund is not enough to produce certain units. The player must provide construction materials to the factories and cities as well. To do that, the player must deploy construction units to these sites and build the materials. These construction units can be used to cut down trees and create roads.

Game Boy Wars 3 features a Beginner Mode, which gives the player a 16-part tutorial on how to play the game, as well as a Standard Mode in which the player can fight against the CPU or another player in one of 60 maps. There's also a Campaign Mode in which the player must fight through over 45 different maps that are dictated by a storyline, which has several branching points determined by the player's performance. A feature exclusive to the Campaign Mode is the ability to redeploy surviving units from a previous battle into the next one. Units gain experience points through combat, allowing them to be promoted from one of five ranks (D, C, B, A, and S), increasing their strength. Units who reach an S rank can be transformed into a new type of unit.

On release, Famitsu magazine scored Game Boy Wars 3 a 31 out of 40.

title: Game Boy Wars