text:
Talk:Dielectric

Wrong direction for E-field
Surely the E-field is directed from the positive charge to the negative one? The article states that "Note that the dipole moment is shown to be pointing in the same direction as the electric field.", which means that the dipole moment is also directed the wrong way around (it points from - to +)!--193.157.137.193 (talk) 19:39, 14 June 2012 (UTC)
 * See electric dipole moment for direction. Materialscientist (talk) 22:37, 14 June 2012 (UTC)

In the section on Paraelectricity, there is still a strange statement that for this "normal class" of materials, the polarization (= density of electric dipoles) aligns opposite to the electric field. Must be a similar sign error: I removed the parenthesis "(and opposite)".DieHenkels (talk) 09:59, 1 November 2021 (UTC)

Similar problem with "permittivity tensor being a diagonal tensor": that is not sufficient for having a polarization parallel to the field, since one may have different numbers on the diagonal. I changed to "proportional to the unit tensor".DieHenkels (talk) 09:59, 1 November 2021 (UTC)

Dry transformer
In a dry transformer, is air the dielectric medium? As I understand it, a dieletric acts as a bad conductor of electric current but conducts magnetic fields well.

A "dry transformer" is simply a transformer that contains no oil. Various other dielectric materials are used instead - these may include electrical varnish or epoxy resins in addition to paper, enamel wire insulation, etc. During transformer manufacture, fluid varnish or epoxy is often forced into the transformer (called vacuum impregnation), and is then hardened in place by baking. This process is used to remove small air gaps near the windings in order to prevent corona formation particularly in higher voltage/power transformers. However, these suplemental dielectrics play no part in helping to conduct magnetic flux since their relative permeability is usually about 1 (similar to that of air). Bert 22:56, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

Beginner's Corner
Hi, I've deleted nothing, but added an overview called "Beginner's Corner." The idea is to draw a wider readership into the article. The ploy is reaching for relationships to observations or knowledge the not-so-technical reader already has. We're not dumbing down here, we're reaching out. Hopefully some new readers will want additional rigor and find it right here in the more "Wiki classic" parts of the article. I can be aroused from slumber at jerry-va at speakeasy dot net. Jerry-VA 01:46, 7 September 2006 (UTC)jerry-VA

 * Thanks very much Jerry, I came upon this article by googling some links and if I hadn't gone to the talk session and un-earthed your contribution, I would have clicked away very quickly. I know there are people that are mathematically inclined by nature (I generally count myself among them), but it would be nice if there was some establishment of the basics without getting too technical.

 * I came specifically looking to know 'what is a dialectric constant and what do the numbers mean? If water's DC is 80 and DMSO's DC is 36 which one would be better/worse for use as a dialectric material? I read the entire page and although the first is answered extensively, I don't see

a) a single example of a few common elements with their numbers b) whether a "higher" constant is a higher or lower number c) whether a "higher" constant means greater insulation or greater polarized capacitance (If I said that wrong, remember I'm new or I wouldn't have been reading it for info to begin with. But something real simple like, "If you wanted a dialectric material to improve the transmission of radio waves, X (##) would be better than Y (##)." That would have told me immediately everything I needed to know in B and C above.) I appreciate the efforts authors have made to create and maintain this page. It would be very helpful if the three points above could be added, perhaps to the beginner's corner. Palyne (talk) 16:52, 7 August 2013 (UTC) Palyne 07Aug2013

 * I'm a beginner too. Higher numbers means they are better dielectric materials [see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_permittivity ] 129.78.233.210 (talk) 01:02, 7 April 2015 (UTC)

how does dielectric constant vary with temperature?

Depends on the material. How long is a piece of string.--Light current 03:16, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

How long is a piece of string.-No. More like "what is the color of metal?" The answer to your question is that different materials have different dielectric constants. The permittivity(dielectric constant) originates from a materials being polarizable(sp?) in an electric field. If the field is varying with time then how in tune(or in phase) that polarization is determines its imaginary part. In general, one cannot assume the dielectric constant is independent on temperature, electric field, or magnetic field. One reason being is that these parameters can apply forces on an atomic scale that can change the how far apart the atoms are, which has a role in determining the permittivity. --TheDeuce1123 05:16 6/29/07

Electric and magnetic fields- whats the difference?
If the presence of a dielectric (E >1) can distort an electric field, does the presence of a ferromagnetic material (U>1) distort a magnetic field from a magnet. If so, what do iron filings do to the magnetic field when spread around a bar magnet? 8-?--Light current 00:12, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

generally speaking, different manifestations of the same force. 98.246.108.1 (talk) 09:09, 31 December 2008 (UTC)bk

Definition
I have made a correction to the definition of a dielectric in the introduction. Also, I excised this paragraph which is both poorly-phrased technically and somewhat misleading. "Electrically, the dielectric constant is a measure of the extent to which a substance concentrates the electrostatic lines of flux. More specifically it is the ratio of the amount of electrical energy stored in an insulator, when a static electric field is imposed across it, relative to vacuum (which has a dielectric constant of 1). Thus, the dielectric constant is also known as the static permittivity."

 * Yeah I noticed. I put it back. Rewrite if you wish, but lets keep the info 8-)--Light current 19:55, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Can somebody explain what this means: "The presence of a dielectric concentrates the applied electric field (e-field) within itself."
 * Can you please sign and date your posts by typing ~ . THanks. THen we can talk--Light current 12:32, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Well, the article's wording probably could be changed to be a bit clearer. When a dielectric with a relatively high dielectric constant (k) is immersed within a uniform electrical field (i.e., within free space or within another dielectric having a lower dielectric constant), the shape of the E-field near the dielectric becomes distorted. In the case of a dielectric sphere or cylinder, the nearby E-field lines are "attracted" to, and concentrated within, the dielectric material. Similarly, if the sphere has a lower dielectric constant than its environment (i.e., an air bubble in oil), the E-field will tend to avoid the sphere, preferring instead to flow around it. Discussions, including images showing the effect on E-field lines for higher and lower k spheres and cylinders can be seen at and. A more general discussion, including a description of a conductive sphere in a uniform field (E-field always normal to the surface), can be found at Bert 14:28, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Trying to remember 2nd year EM. If I am right about what a dielectric really is then its best to introduce the mathematical model first. Then it becomes apparant why the term a "good" dielectric can be ambiguous. The modle assumes that for a basic element (atom) there is a mobile charge cloud (electrons) surrounding an oppositely charged point charge (nucleus). A force (electric field) distorts the charge cloud inducing a dipole. The key is that the force (electric field) is proportional to the dipole. NB we are usual talking in vectors so it points in the same direction as well. This is the model of SHM, a favorite in physics because it is usually first order accurate. This means it gets close to the answer in normal circumstances, plus it is linear i.e. easy. Please forgive the language I am just being perdantic that the model doesnt require the objects to be anything specific but almost 100% of the time we are talking about atoms and electric fields. Plus the electric field can be from something like a capaciter or something like light. The model can be used to describe many different phenomina is solid state physics, and often physitsts in different fields call the same object by a different name.

When talking about a "good" dielectric the ambiguity comes whether you mean the substance obeys the model or not OR the substance does obey the model and the constant of Proportionality (mathematics) is large often called the dielectric constant, but I am sure it goes by many names depending of the field of physics you are talking about. For instance glass does obey the dielectric model very well but the dielectric constant is small. Metals can be said to be poor dielectrics because the model doesnt work. Anything that conducts well cannot be a dielectric! I hope 1. this makes sense, 2. is right and I am not getting confused with something similar.

Things start to get interesting when the dieletric constant chages on position of the basic element, called inhomogenety, the opposite of homogeneity (physics), or if the the dielectric constant changed depending on the direction of the electric field called anisotopy. Contact me if you want to improve this article because I think we can all agree the article is in a poor state.

Timwilson85 18:31, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

I just found the definition segment of this flawed because it explains a lot about how to think about atoms and electric fields in all sorts of matter, but it doesn't give me the slightest hint of how to apply the term "dielectric" to a material; in other words, if I say this substance is a dielectric solid, what am I saying about it? How is it distinguished from a substance that is not a dielectric solid? Because the article later goes on to describe some properties of dielectric solids and gases, the ability to distinguish between dielectrics and non-dielectrics is crucial.--Slothropslothrop (talk) 23:24, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

I asked my professor what a dielectric material is, and he said it is a nonmagnetic material. Something should be not be defined by its uses, but instead by what distinguishes it from everything else. That is to say, not all dielectric materials are used in capacitors, so they should not be defined that way. Zylorian (talk) 22:28, 15 January 2010 (UTC)

External link on dielectric properties of polymers
I added an external link on dielectric properties of polymers. I had this there before but in html so it had some marketing-ese in it and it got deleted. I found the .pdf so now it is all technical. I know it would be great to include some of the ideas and then just link but I can't do that (not enough experience in this area.) Hope this is OK Rsteif 15:48, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

Static Permittivity = Relative Permittivity?
"also called the static permittivity or dielectric constant εs"

Does anybody else realize that this is whack? Click the link for dielectric constant, and you'll be linked to an article that includes a phrase "also known as relative permittivity". So... by somebody's logic... static permittivity = relative permittivity. Sweet.

Also, if there is some technicality here that I'm not understanding, perhaps there needs to be some sort of disambiguation going on that might clarify the relationship between these two quantities.

69.156.153.12 01:08, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

I read a little more, and I realized that the Dielectric Constant article is referring to a "relative dielectric constant"... perhaps that needs to be disambiguated.

The permittivity(or dielectric constant) of most materials is dependent on frequency, but it is not a separate unrelated quantity when it is in a static electric field it is simply that same quantity with freq=0Hz.TheDeuce1123 05:47, 29 Jan 2007

Merge
I have proposed this article should be merged one way or the other with electrical insulation. The two terms are essentially synonyms. Oli Filth 16:42, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

Agree, Dielectric should become a sub-section of the Electrical Insulation page.(A. Carty 19:06, 18 June 2007 (UTC))

That's OK providing that anyone looking for a definition of dielectric gets pointed to the correct place. Pete Male

I think there should just be permittivity. The problem is what are you talking about: a dielectric constant? a material used to insulate a transmission line? Whatever you are talking about you it all goes back to permittivity. I do not think Dielectric should be merged into electrical insulator, that is wrong. A dielectric does not simply mean or refer to electric insulator.

Thats my opinion though.

I believe we should distinguish between two important contexts: electrical phenomena and optical phenomena. From a theoretical point of view it comes to the same thing, but don't forget that people are specialized in different fields, and don't necessarily underspend the whole physics behind this concept. In the spirit of Wikipedia, which is to bring free quality information to everyone on the planet, I propose to maintain the distinction mentioned above. (TiberiusB)

A good dielectric is a good insulator but the reverse is by no means true (ex. polymer). They share similarities but are fundamentaly different. The two articles should not be merged.

I disagree on merging the topics, dielectric should remain separate but needs a better general introductory paragraph at the 5-8th grade level that links the different fields (RF, Capacitors, Insulators, Antennas, Permitivity, etc.) DjK64.56.105.162 15:33, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

I also disagree - though they touch on similar characteristics, they're discrete enough topics that merging the two could cause information overload. Simpler to comprehend in this format. Agree that dielectric as a topic needs to be fleshed out, though. Anon. 12.10.219.38 22:22, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

I also disagree. The subjects are related but sufficiently dissimilar to justify two separate artilces.

I strongly disagree. The dielectric page needs contain much more technical detail on what a dielectric is, underlying assumptions. Why these aproximations are made ie. simplification to maxwell's equations etc Timwilson85 17:28, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

I strongly disagree. I came here looking for information relevant to dielectric material use in microwave engineering, and would be poorly served if I had to page through insulation (which in this case has next to nothing to do with the properties of dielectric materials). 98.246.108.1 (talk) 09:07, 31 December 2008 (UTC)bk

Rewrite
'''I am starting to completley re-write this article if anyone wishs to help, even if it is just to check what I write make sense just leave your user name underneath and I will contact you when I make a change. People checking my SPAG (Spelling, punctuation and grammer) most welcome :-)''' Timwilson85 17:31, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

Added the basic definition of dielectric. Next addition will be some mathsy stuff to do with dielectric constast, permitivity, suseptability. Timwilson85 12:35, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

Added a bit onto the defintion introducing some of the phenomina to be explained. Also started the special case of free space. I am havibng trouble deciding on the correct order in which introduce topics. My background is optics so the article may be a bit skewed towards opticla effects. Timwilson85 22:59, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

Someone needs to deal with the moron who inserted 'citation needed' in the description of basic atomic theory. 98.246.108.1 (talk) 09:08, 31 December 2008 (UTC) bk

Typo
4th section: '... permitivity of free space' -- that should be 'permittivity —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.113.244.86 (talk • contribs) 16:32, 4 January 2008

--"So fix it dear Liza, dear Liza. So fix it dear Liza, fix it." Get with the wiki program and make the change yourself. That is the whole point. You are empowered to make the change yourself. Isn't it grand? By the way, I went ahead and fixed it for you. --158.35.225.228 (talk) 14:16, 15 May 2008 (UTC)  (Just like the previous sentence used to have some typos, but now they're fixed)

Dielectric Absorption
Can somebody please add a paragraph about this aspect of dielectrics?--83.105.33.91 (talk) 13:36, 2 August 2008 (UTC)

Etymology
"Whewell considered "dia-electric", from the Greek "dia" meaning "opposed in moment", since an electric field passes through the material but felt that "dielectric" was easier to pronounce." - I don't think that "through" is a very sensible translation of the "dia-" prefix in this context. I'm fairly certain that an electric field doesn't pass through an insulator. Also, not that I agree with, but, a couple dictionaries cite the etymology of "dielectric" as "di- + electric" rather than "dia- + electric". Fuzzform (talk) 22:54, 8 October 2008 (UTC)

The greek prefix di- means "twice", "double". The greek prefix dia- means "through" and loses the "a" before a vowel, thus dia- + electric (δια + ηλεκτρικός) -> dielectric (διηλεκτρικός). From http://hermital.org/book/holoprt5-1.htm (note 8 - Letter 1798, William Whewell to Faraday, p. 442): "As to the name for the antithetical classes of bodies, I consider thus. I suppose you called one class dimagnetic from analogy with dielectric. I think you ought to have said diamagnetic; for the bodies through (dia) which electricity goes would have been called diaelectric, but that vowels in such cases coalesce. I think you may keep diamagnetic for this class, and give to the opposite class a name implying that they rank along with magnetic bodies. I propose paramagnetic. (Whewell's emphasis)" Episcophagus (talk) 08:57, 30 May 2011 (UTC)

Unsourced
This article is largley unsourced. Please add reference Bastien.roucaries (talk) 14:18, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Shouldn't this article mainly contain standard material, covered in lots of textbooks ? I agree that this article needs work, but I don't think references ought to be a major concern. -- Marie Poise (talk) 18:41, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Dielectric relaxation new article
What do you think about creating a new article about dielectric relaxation ? Bastien.roucaries (talk) 14:19, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Definitely a good idea. I look forward to your edits. -- Marie Poise (talk) 18:39, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

What's *not* a dielectric?
The first sentence in this article says,

A dielectric is an electrical insulator that can be polarized by an applied electric field.

This phrasing suggests that there are electrical insulators that are not dielectrics: i.e., that there are electrical insulators which *cannot* be polarized by application of an electric field. The article has examples of materials that are dialectrics, but I think it would benefit from some examples of materials that are not dielectrics. Draconx (talk) 23:22, 14 November 2012 (UTC)

Dielectric relaxation section needs work
Dielectric relaxation is described as a "delay (or lag) in the dielectric constant". Does this make sense? Is the dielectric constant changing, or is it the polarization? Is relaxation a delay, or it rather a process that causes a delay? I would write, if it is scientifically correct:

 * Dielectric relaxation is the process whereby dipole charges move to their polarized (or less polarized) positions in response to a changing electric field in a dielectric medium (e.g., inside capacitors or between two large conducting surfaces). This does not occur instantaneously, but causes a momentary delay (or lag) in the adjustment of the polarization to match the electric field. This delay is called the dielectric relaxation time.

I don't know what to do about the reference to "molecular polarization". Does this mean that the concept of dielectric relaxation is generally only applied (or relevant) to molecular (distortion) polarization, as opposed to other polarization effects that are mentioned earlier in the article, such as dipolar polarization, ionic polarization and electronic polarization, with their very different cutoff frequencies?

In the second paragraph, dielectric relaxation is defined as a form of relaxation that occurs at microwave frequencies. From earlier in the article, this is the frequency cutoff for dipolar polarization, not molecular polarization. Why has the relevant frequency range changed? Is dielectric relaxation now a different phenomenon at a new typical frequency?

Hemming's law seems to be out of place -- it introduces a highly specific formula, but without really explaining the underlying phenomenon.

I didn't make any changes because I don't know the science at an expert level. 84.227.226.188 (talk) 16:53, 11 April 2014 (UTC)

Ionic polarization causes dipolar polarization?
I don't understand the sentence "Ionic polarization causes the ferroelectric effect as well as dipolar polarization". How are ionic polarization and dipolar polarization related? I though the mechanism were different. 84.227.226.188 (talk) 08:24, 12 April 2014 (UTC)

Paraelectricity versis linear polarization response
How does the phenomenon described in the section entitled "paraelectricity" differ from the linear polarization response $${\mathbf P}=\varepsilon_0\chi_{\text{e}}{\mathbf E} $$ that one expects to see in many dielectrics? It is described in many articles. If so, shouldn't the connection be made that this is really the same phenomenon? 84.227.226.188 (talk) 08:40, 12 April 2014 (UTC)
 * In Ferroelectricity it states that paraelectric means a certain kind of nonlinearity. I couldn't remotely get this from the section in the current article. I made a link, at least. 84.227.226.188 (talk) 18:47, 12 April 2014 (UTC)

Tunability section
This section is way too technical! It leaps out from the page!! I understand the achievement described is worthy but still, this level of specificity shouldn't be here.

Also, what does the definition mean: "Tunable dielectrics are insulators whose ability to store electrical charge changes when a voltage is applied" ? Is it the susceptibility (and hence the capacitance, i.e. ability to store charge per electric field strength) that changes? In this case, it's just the same as saying that the response of polarization P to electric field E is nonlinear. But surely something more specific than that is being claimed. Engineering usefulness comes from specific shapes of nonlinearity, not just linearity in general. 84.227.226.188 (talk) 08:54, 12 April 2014 (UTC)

Incomplete explanation?
To the main editors: I wonder if the following sentence, the 3rd in the 1st paragraph of the article, "Because of dielectric polarization, positive charges are displaced TOWARD THE FIELD and..." is complete enough. Should not it said "toward the NEGATIVE SIDE of the field...", or something like that? Even if the sentence is correct and clearly understandable for people with knowledge, could it be modified for clarification and fixing any doubt in people lacking that knowledge? Thank you for considering the request. Pmronchi (talk) 14:36, 24 March 2015 (UTC)

Needs examples
"While the term insulator implies low electrical conduction, dielectric typically means materials with a high polarizability. The latter is expressed by a number called the relative permittivity"

Can you give examples of good dielectrics and poor dielectrics? Like copper is a good thermal conductor and electrical conductor, while diamond is a good thermal conductor but a poor electrical conductor. Similarly are there materials that are good insulators/good dielectrics, and other materials that are good insulators/poor dielectrics?

First paragraph "field is moving" -> "field is oriented" ?
The first paragraph says "for example, if the field is moving in the positive x-axis, the negative charges will shift in the negative x-axis" (emphasis mine). I am not schooled in this subject, but is this perhaps a misstatement of "for example, if the field is oriented in the positive x-axis, the negative charges will shift in the negative x-axis"? Meaning, the field in that example isn't "moving", the author only meant to emphasize the direction of the field lines? Given the importance of moving/changing electric fields and the frequency with which they are discussed, this language is confusing. I would change it myself but I'm not qualified to make the determination. Chconnor (talk) 21:23, 11 May 2020 (UTC)

Dielectric Bonding ?
The "Tyvek" page links to the "Dielectric" page for "dielectric bonding" but there is nothing about it here.

(Tyvek: Section: Scientific characteristics and properties - Adhesion and bonding - "Dielectric bonding can be effective in some circumstances ...")

Please would someone knowledgeable add this information ? Darkman101 (talk) 14:03, 7 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dielectric


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Talk:Less-than-truckload shipping

Hotshot?
The hotshot DAB links to here, and the Trucking industry in the United States article's description of "HotShot" sounds like its related to this topic. If it is, ideally this article would either have hotshot as an alternate title (i.e. in bold) or would explain what a hotshot is (if it's not a simple synonym for LTL). -- Finlay McWalter··–·Talk 00:41, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Short description
@Voidxor regarding your revert see WP:SDESC which says "A short description is not a definition" but rather "a very brief indication of the field covered by the article". The problem with the current short description is that it grossly exceeds the recommended length of 40 characters meaning that it will be truncated to something like "Transportation of an amount of freight b...". rblv (talk) 18:10, 27 June 2023 (UTC)

 * Thank you for the explanation. I think it's best practice to state your reason for making a change in your edit summary. My main concern—as I stated in my edit summary—is that everything here is a "term", so that's a waste of 4 or 5 characters in my opinion. Even so, I think I can find a good middle ground between the 85 characters that were there, and the 22 characters that you had. Give me a minute. —  void  xor  18:57, 27 June 2023 (UTC)
 * How about "An amount of freight in shipping"? —  void  xor  19:00, 27 June 2023 (UTC)
 * That sounds good to me. rblv (talk) 23:25, 27 June 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅, thanks. —  void  xor  13:13, 28 June 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Less-than-truckload shipping


text:
Season Hubley

Season Hubley (born Susan Hubley; March 14, 1951) is an American retired actress, best known as Nikki in Hardcore (1979), Priscilla Presley in Elvis (1979), and Angelique in All My Children (1992–1994).

Early life
Hubley's brother is actor Whip Hubley. She also has two sisters, Sara Hubley Beeken and Julie Simpson-Levy.

Career
Hubley was steadily active, in film, and on television, from her first 1972 appearance in the eponymous lead role in the television film Bobby Jo and the Good Time Band, through to her final 1999 appearance in a guest-starring role on the episode "Wreck of the Zephyr" of the television series Flipper.

In television, she made an appearance on The Partridge Family in 1972 playing the part of a princess. In 1977, she appeared as a nun whose sister was murdered in an episode of Kojak. She had a continuing role in the evening TV drama Family, guest-starring in several episodes in 1976 and 1977 as Salina Magee, the love interest of teenaged dropout Willie Lawrence. She also co-starred in an episode of Starsky & Hutch, "Starsky’s Lady", in which she was Starsky's fiancée. From 1991 to 1994, she portrayed Angelique Marick on the daytime drama All My Children. She appeared in Stepfather III and Child in the Night, both in 1990.

Hubley appeared in a mix of supporting and lead roles through the 1970s. In 1973, she played the title character in Lolly-Madonna XXX, also known as The Lolly Madonna War, around whom the story revolved. She co-starred in the 1979 film Hardcore. She appeared briefly in Escape from New York (1981). Her other major film role is in the 1982 cult film Vice Squad, in which she played a prostitute named Princess. A notable role for Hubley was her lead performance as Priscilla Presley in the 1979 made-for-television film Elvis.

Personal life
Hubley was married to actor Kurt Russell from 1979 to 1983. They have a son, Boston Oliver Grant Russell (b. February 16, 1980).

title: Season Hubley


text:
Nestor of Magydos

Saint Nestor, also known as Saint Nestor of Perge or Hieromartyr Nestor of Magydos, was Bishop of Magydos in Pamphylia, in what is now modern Turkey.

Background
Little is known about Nestor. His courage and authority were so noteworthy that a Roman magistrate uttered these words: "Until we have got the better of the bishop, we shall be powerless against the Christians." During the persecutions under Emperor Decius, Bishop Nestor was arrested while praying in his home.

He was sentenced to death by the local Roman governor, Pollio or Epolius of Lycia, after refusing to sacrifice to the pagan gods of the state. His feast day is February 25 in the Roman Catholic Church and February 28 in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

title: Nestor of Magydos


text: User talk:69.170.192.28

title: User talk:69.170.192.28


text:
Edward Scofield

Edward Scofield (March 28, 1842 – February 3, 1925) was an American lumberman and Republican politician. He was the 19th governor of Wisconsin (1897–1901) and served in the Wisconsin State Senate, representing Door, Marinette, and Oconto counties. Earlier in life, during the American Civil War, he served as an officer in the Union Army.

Early life
Scofield was born in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, on March 28, 1842. He became a printer's apprentice at a newspaper in Indiana, Pennsylvania, and worked in the newspaper business for a number of years.

Civil War service
At the outbreak of the American Civil War, Scofield volunteered for service in the Union Army and was enrolled as a private in Company K of the 11th Pennsylvania Reserve Regiment. He was promoted to corporal and then sergeant, and, on April 15, 1863, after the Battle of South Mountain, he was commissioned as first lieutenant. He was subsequently promoted to captain of his company.

He participated in all the battles and marches of his regiment up to the Battle of the Wilderness on May 5, 1864, where he was taken prisoner and incorrectly reported as dead. He was held as a prisoner of war for ten months, passing through 12 different prison camps in the South before being released at Wilmington, North Carolina, on March 1, 1865. He was granted an honorary brevet to major after his release and mustered out of federal service.

Postbellum career
For months after his release from prison, Scofield suffered due to the starvation and deprivation of his ten months in captivity. After his recuperation from his illness, he worked in the "engineer corps" of the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad. In 1868, he moved to Oconto, Wisconsin, where he entered the lumber business and became a principal in the Marinette Mill Co. Later becoming president of his own lumber company, the Scofield & Arnold Lumber Co. of Marinette.

Political career
He entered politics when he was elected to the Wisconsin State Senate in 1886 as a Republican, beating Democrat Amos Holgate. He was appointed to the standing committees on engrossed bills (which he chaired) and on railroads. He ran for re-election in 1890 and the election was close enough to warrant a recount by the Senate Elections Committee. The 1890 election gave Democrats the majority in the Senate for the first time since 1855, the Democratic majority on the Elections Committee ruled in favor of his Democratic opponent, John Fetzer, finding that Scofield had been defeated by 15 votes.

Campaign and election
In 1896 Scofield was elected as the 19th Governor of Wisconsin. He entered the gubernatorial race as a conservative against progressive Republican Robert M. La Follette, winning the Republican nomination on the sixth ballot. In November, he defeated his Democratic opponent, Willis C. Silverthorn, in a five-way general election: 264,981 for Scofield; 169,257 for Silverthorn; 8,140 for Prohibitionist Joshua H. Berkey; 1,306 for Christ Tuttrop of the Socialist Labor Party; and 407 for Robert Henderson of the short-lived "National Party"—a splinter movement from the Prohibition Party.

Running for re-election in 1898, Scofield again faced a challenge for the Republican nomination from Robert La Follette. After a fight for delegates across the state, Scofield prevailed at the convention on the first ballot. Scofield went on to win the general election with 53% of the vote. He did not run for a third term in 1900.

Tenure
During his tenure, he introduced the first governor's budget in Wisconsin, established a central accounting system, and oversaw revision of the state's banking laws. He increased public school funding and helped raise troops to serve in the Spanish–American War. After completing a second term in office, he returned to his business interests in Oconto.

The most significant act of his gubernatorial term was likely the establishment of a state tax commission, the forerunner of the present Wisconsin Department of Revenue. The initial step was a study of state taxes which began in 1897, followed by an 1899 act of the Legislature to establish a state tax commission for ten years. The commission was made permanent under the subsequent gubernatorial term of Robert La Follette.

Personal life and death
Scofield married Agnes Potter (1850–1919) and they had three children, Julia, Paul, and George.

Scofield died in his home in Oconto on February 3, 1925 (age 82 years, 312 days). He is interred at Evergreen Cemetery in Oconto.

title: Edward Scofield


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Wikipedia:Cleanup Taskforce/Prague (novel)

Prague (novel)
As below, requires plot expansion. Doesn't need cleanup per se (cleanup tag has been removed), but it does need reformatting to meet WikiProject Novels standards.

Cleanup Taskforce log
Added to User:Kicky/Desk (literature). -- Beland 20:38, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

 * This has an unfinished section for the detailed plot (quite detailed).
 * Significance of this novel?

Kicky is no longer on the CUTF --Otheus 21:59, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Self-assigned. – Liveste 09:28, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

Closed. Article has been formatted to WP:NOVELS standards. Plot summary has also been finished. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review of literary praise and criticism still needs to be compiled. – Liveste [ talk • contrib] 05:36, 18 January 2008 (UTC)


text:
User:Edward Z. Yang/Wikipedia Bot in PHP

The Wikipedia Bot in PHP is meant to be an alternative to pywikipedia written in PHP. The Linkfix bot is built upon this incomplete framework.

Not all of us can read Python. Python is not especially well suited for creating web sites (can be done, but PHP was specifically created for that task!) Plus, I don't know how to write Python. All these factors meant we needed a Wikipedia Bot... in PHP.

I don't have plans for the bot to actually make writes. What it will do is parse Wikipedia pages and recombine the data in interesting ways. Some ideas I have:

 * 1) Personal Edit Tracking - The set of scripts will, in conjunction with your watchlist, allow you to set edits as "unread." As edits are made, they are cached, and then, after a weeks vacation, will present them in a readable digest for you, listing the diffs of all the changes. You can then mark that particular set of diffs as read, and then it won't show up on your homepage.
 * 2) Watchlist... Recent Changes style - Show all recent edits for the page on your watchlist, not just the most recent one.
 * 3) Watchlist Scraper - Sometimes Wikipedia's just really slow. Wouldn't be nice if your computer automatically grabbed the contents of your watchlist every few minutes so that a (slightly stale but fast) copy could be displayable? I have this implemented locally, and am only wondering how to packaged it.
 * 4) Talk Page Parser - Take information from talk pages and parse them into bulletin board format. Allows you to easily follow conversations on busy talk pages.
 * 5) Link checkers - Click through every link on a page and then see if they're redirects or disambiguation pages. Return easy to read text file to aid in the correction of these links (LinkFix bot).
 * 6) Elementary wikitext parsing - Yes, Parser.php is pretty terrible. Some of the stuff's not that difficult to do though, right?

Of course, much of this hasn't been coded yet. But I do have some usable tools.

Some source code
For the interested. Probably not very useful. Probably stale too.


text:
Talk:Proof coinage

Systemic bias
Notice: this article reads like the world has only one country. --Smithfarm 15:02, 20 April 2006 (UTC)
 * No systematic bias exists here; those with information about a particular subject have shared their knowledge, and any from other countries are free to do the same. Unless those with information about poof coinage in other countries come forward, it will be difficult to obtain that information (if proof coins are even produced in other countries)  Nicholas SL Smith chatter 04:05, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

Photo of "proof" quarter is bogus
The photo of the reverse of a Washington quarter (click on 01/02/07 photo of Lincoln cent, then on "proof" in text--sorry, I'm new here and not at all savvy about how to do this post) is NOT the photo of a proof coin. I believe it is a photo of a badly worn quarter either plated or dipped in mercury. Compare the feather detail to a fresh 68.53.113.45 08:44, 2 January 2007 (UTC)quarter from your pocket.

68.53.113.45 08:44, 2 January 2007 (UTC)Fred Wollam

This isn't necessarily true. Some proof quarters of the 1950s and '60s have less detail than would be expected on a proof coin. I don't know why that happens, but I've seen it. The modern quarters have designs adjusted to show more small detail, so that business strikes of 1998, for instance, can actually have a more detailed strike than proof coins of the 1960s. Perhaps someone with a little more experience with U.S. proof coins can explain how that could be. RHM22 (talk) 11:30, 4 May 2010 (UTC)

In the last several decades, we've gotten spoiled regarding cameo on coins. That quarter is a proof coin; non-cameo proofs before the 1970s are common. As the die was used, the frost effect became less pronounced over time. The main reason is a change in the way proof dies were prepared; previously, they were "pickled" in a solution of nitric acid and alcohol, which gave the light and non-durable frost seen on earlier coins. Modern dies are sandblasted, and the fields highly polished and then chromed, with the result being that virtually every coin that comes off the press exhibits strong cameo. I should think a proof coin after 1977 without frost would be fairly uncommon. The Rev (talk) 16:18, 25 June 2010 (UTC)

History of proofs?
The article says that the United States stopped producing proof coinage in 1916 but then doesn't say why, or how long or how many were produced before 1916. In fact, the article doesn't delve into the history of proof coinage at all. Thats why I read the article and I was very disappointed to find no info at all about the history. Could someone please add that in? Jimindc (talk) 20:45, 7 July 2011 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 09:38, 30 June 2021 (UTC)
 * 1970 British proof set.jpeg

title: Talk:Proof coinage


text:
User talk:Scottzed

Monticelli Trap
Thanks for your nice contribution. I was a little worried that Category:Chess traps wasn't warranted because there might not be enough named traps to put in it. There are thousands of chess traps, but unless they have a good name and are worth writing an article about, they can't really go into a category. It seems that there are enough to make the category work well. Quale 01:54, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Victor_Ling.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Victor_Ling.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator.

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you have questions about copyright tagging of images, post on Wikipedia talk:Image copyright tags or User talk:Carnildo/images. 09:16, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Image:Victor Ling.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Victor Ling.jpg. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:

 * 1) Go to the image description page and edit it to add, without deleting the original Replaceable fair use template.
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

Alternatively, you can also choose to replace the fair use image by finding a freely licensed image of its subject or by taking a picture of it yourself.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that any fair use images which are replaceable by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. -- Chowbok  ☠  01:48, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Scottzed


text:
Talk:Commemorative coin

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:06, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Limited commemorative coins issued by Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central bank of the Philippines).jpg

title: Talk:Commemorative coin


text:
IFolder

iFolder is an open-source application, developed by Novell, Inc., intended to allow cross-platform file sharing across computer networks.

iFolder operates on the concept of shared folders, where a folder is marked as shared and the contents of the folder are then synchronized to other computers over a network, either directly between computers in a peer-to-peer fashion or through a server. This is intended to allow a single user to synchronize files between different computers (for example between a work computer and a home computer) or share files with other users (for example a group of people who are collaborating on a project).

The core of the iFolder is actually a project called Simias. It is Simias which actually monitors files for changes, synchronizes these changes and controls the access permissions on folders. The actual iFolder clients (including a graphical desktop client and a web client) are developed as separate programs that communicate with the Simias back-end.

History
Originally conceived and developed at PGSoft before the company was taken over by Novell in 2000, iFolder was announced by Novell on March 19, 2001, and released on June 29, 2001 as a software package for Windows NT/2000 and Novell NetWare 5.1 or included with the forthcoming Novell NetWare 6.0. It also included the ability to access shared files through a web browser.

iFolder Professional Edition 2, announced on March 13, 2002 and released a month later, added support for Linux and Solaris and web access support for Windows CE and Palm OS. This edition was also designed to share files between millions of users in large companies, with increased reporting features for administrators. In 2003 iFolder won a Codie award.

On March 22, 2004, after their purchase of the Linux software companies Ximian and SUSE, Novell announced that they were releasing iFolder as an open source project under the GPL license. They also announced that the open source version of iFolder would use the Mono framework in an effort to ease development.

iFolder 3.0 was released on June 22, 2005.

On March 31, 2006, Novell announced that iFolder Enterprise Server is now Open Source.

On April 2, 2009, Novell released iFolder 3.7.2 which included a Mac client for 10.4 and 10.5 as well as a Windows Vista client. In addition to the improved client lineup this version supports SSL, LDAPGroup Support, Auto-account creation, iFolder Merge, and Enhanced web access and administration. The iFolder.com website has been completely redesigned with no references to the earlier versions.

On Nov 25, 2009, Novell released iFolder 3.8

title: IFolder


text:
Wikipedia:Cleanup Taskforce/The Robot Ate Me

The Robot Ate Me
converted to subpage 01:55, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup Taskforce log
On User:DoubleBlue/Desk. -- Beland 01:20, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I guess this could use application of a band template. -- Beland 01:22, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

This is just a stub witha discography. It's a clean stub so we could just leave it at that or we could try to expand it first. RJFJR 04:23, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Added to User:Ilyanep/Desk RJFJR 04:21, 4 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Might it be CSD? I'll research and see if I can find anything, but it may just be another nn band. — Ilyan  e  p  (Talk)  04:27, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I suggest AfDing it. — Ilyan  e  p  (Talk)  18:32, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

There is commentary on the talk page that it passes ntoability. It looks OK so I'm going to close it. RJFJR 15:49, 27 June 2006 (UTC)


text:
User:Tenks/ myskin.css

/*
 * Mediawiki 'monobook' style sheet for CSS2-capable browsers.
 * Copyright Gabriel Wicke - http://wikidev.net/
 * License: GPL
 * Loosely based on http://www.positioniseverything.net/ordered-floats.html by Big John
 * and the Plone 2.0 styles, see http://plone.org/ (Alexander Limi,Joe Geldart & Tom Croucher,
 * Michael Zeltner and Geir Bækholt)
 * All you guys rock :)
 * All you guys rock :)

/* editted by tenks?

width: 100%; float: right; margin: 0 0 0.6em -12.2em; padding:0; }   margin: 2.8em 0 0 12.2em; padding: 0em 1em 1.5em 1em; background: White; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-right: none; line-height: 1.5em; position: relative; z-index: 2; } /* the left column width is specified in class .portlet */
 * 1) column-content {
 * 1) content {
 * 1) column-one { padding-top: 160px; }

/* Font size:
 * We take advantage of keyword scaling- browsers won't go below 9px
 * More at http://www.w3.org/2003/07/30-font-size
 * http://style.cleverchimp.com/font_size_intervals/altintervals.html

body { font: x-small sans-serif; background: #f9f9f9 url("http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/headbg.jpg") 0px 0px no-repeat; color: Black; margin: 0; padding: 0; }

/* scale back up to a sane default */ font-size:127%; width: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .visualClear { clear: both; }
 * 1) globalWrapper {

/* general styles */

table { font-size: 100%; background: White; } a { text-decoration: none; color: #002bb8; background: none; } a:visited { color: #5a3696; } a:active { color: Orange; } a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } a.stub { color: #772233; } a.new, a.new:visited,
 * 1) p-personal a.new { color:#ba0000; }
 * 1) p-personal a.new:visited { color:#a55858; }

img { border: none; vertical-align: middle; } p { margin: 0.4em 0em 0.5em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; }

p img { margin: 0; }

hr { height: 1px; color: #aaaaaa; background-color: #aaaaaa; border: 0; margin: 0.2em 0 0.2em 0; }

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { color: Black; background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; } h1 { font-size: 188%; } h2 { font-size: 150%; } h3, h4, h5, h6 { border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold; } h3 { font-size: 132%; } h4 { font-size: 116%; } h5 { font-size: 100%; } h6 { font-size: 80%; }

ul { line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0 0 1.5em; padding:0; list-style-image: url("bullet.gif"); } ol { line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0 0 3.2em; padding:0; list-style-image: none; } li { margin-bottom: 0.1em; } dt { font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em; } dl{ margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } dd { line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; }

fieldset { border: 1px solid #2f6fab; margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; } legend { background: White; padding: 0.5em; font-size: 95%; } form { border: none; margin: 0; }

textarea { border: 1px solid #2f6fab; color: Black; background-color: white; width: 100%; padding: 0.1em; overflow: auto; } /* hide this from ie/mac and konq2.2 */ @media All { head:first-child+body input { visibility: visible; border: 1px solid #2f6fab; color: Black; background-color: white; vertical-align: middle; padding: 0.2em; } } input.historysubmit { padding: 0 0.3em 0.3em 0.3em !important; font-size: 94%; cursor: pointer; height: 1.7em !important; margin-left: 1.6em; } input[type="radio"], input[type="checkbox"] { border:none; } select { border: 1px solid #2f6fab; color: Black; vertical-align: top; } abbr, acronym, .explain { border-bottom: 1px dotted Black; color: Black; background: none; cursor: help; } q { font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; } /* disabled for now blockquote { font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; }*/ code { background-color: #f9f9f9; } pre { padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2f6fab; color: Black; background-color: #f9f9f9; line-height: 1.1em; }

/*
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font-size: 84%; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0 0 1.4em 1em; color: #7d7d7d; width: auto; } span.subpages { display: block; }
 * 1) siteSub { display: none; }
 * 2) contentSub {

/* Some space under the headers in the content area */ margin-bottom: 0.3em; } .firstHeading { margin-bottom:0.1em; }
 * 1) bodyContent h1, #bodyContent h2 { margin-bottom:0.6em; }
 * 2) bodyContent h3,
 * 3) bodyContent h4,
 * 4) bodyContent h5 {

/* user notification thing */ .usermessage { background-color: #ffce7b; border: 1px solid #ffa500; color: Black; font-weight: bold; margin: 2em 0em 1em 0em; padding: 0.5em 1em; vertical-align: middle; }   text-align: center; font-size: 95%; padding: 0 0.9em 0 0.9em; } .error { color: red; font-size: larger; }   border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:#f9f9f9; padding:5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; } /* currently unused, intended to be used by a metadata box in the bottom-right corner of the content area */ .documentDescription { /* The summary text describing the document */ font-weight: bold; display: block; margin: 1em 0em; line-height: 1.5em; } .documentByLine { text-align: right; font-size: 90%; clear: both; font-weight: normal; color: #76797c; }
 * 1) siteNotice {
 * 1) siteNotice p { margin: none; padding: none; }
 * 1) catlinks {

/* emulate center */ .center { width: 100%; text-align: center; }   margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } /* small for tables and similar */ .small, .small * { font-size: 94%; } table.small { font-size: 100% }
 * .center * {

/*
 * content styles

/*border:1px solid #2f6fab;*/ border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:#f9f9f9; padding:5px; font-size: 95%; }   margin-top: 0.7em; font-size: 94%; }
 * 1) toc {
 * 1) toc .tocindent { margin-left: 2em; }
 * 2) toc .tocline { margin-bottom: 0px; }
 * 3) toc p { margin: 0 }
 * 4) toc .toctoggle { font-size: 94%; }
 * 5) toc .editsection {

/* images */ div.floatright, table.floatright { clear: right; float: right; margin: 0; position: relative; border: 0.5em solid White; border-width: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em; } div.floatright p { font-style: italic; } div.floatleft, table.floatleft { float: left; margin: 0.3em 0.5em 0.5em 0; position: relative; border: 0.5em solid White; border-width: 0.5em 1.4em 0.8em 0; } div.floatleft p { font-style: italic; } /* thumbnails */ div.thumb { margin-bottom: 0.5em; border-style: solid; border-color: White; width: auto; } div.thumb div { border:1px solid #cccccc; padding: 3px !important; background-color:#f9f9f9; font-size: 94%; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; } div.thumb div a img { border:1px solid #cccccc; } div.thumb div div.thumbcaption { border: none; text-align: left; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0.3em 0 0.1em 0; } div.magnify { float: right; border: none !important; background: none !important; } div.magnify a, div.magnify img { display: block; border: none !important; background: none !important; } div.tright { clear: right; float: right; border-width: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em; } div.tleft { float: left; margin-right:0.5em; border-width: 0.5em 1.4em 0.8em 0; } .urlexpansion, .hiddenStructure { display: none; } img.tex { vertical-align: middle; } span.texhtml { font-family: serif; }

/*
 * classes for special content elements like town boxes
 * intended to be referenced directly from the wiki src

/* /* table standards */ table.rimage { float:right; position:relative; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em; text-align:center; } .toccolours { border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:#f9f9f9; padding:5px; font-size: 95%; } div.townBox { position:relative; float:right; background:White; margin-left:1em; border: 1px solid Grey; padding:0.3em; width: 200px; overflow: hidden; clear: right; } div.townBox dl { padding: 0; margin: 0 0 0.3em 0; font-size: 96%; } div.townBox dl dt { background: none; margin: 0.4em 0 0 0; } div.townBox dl dd { margin: 0.1em 0 0 1.1em; background-color: #f3f3f3; }
 * User styles

/* .special li { line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
 * edit views etc

/* Page history styling */ /* the auto-generated edit comments */ .autocomment { color: gray; } margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0.4em; }   background-color:#f9f9f9; border:1px dashed #aaaaaa; } /* table.diff { background:white; } td.diff-otitle { background:#ffffff; } td.diff-ntitle { background:#ffffff; } td.diff-addedline { background:#ccffcc; font-size: smaller; } td.diff-deletedline { background:#ffffaa; font-size: smaller; } td.diff-context { background:#eeeeee; font-size: smaller; } span.diffchange { color: red; }
 * 1) pagehistory span.user {
 * 1) pagehistory span.minor { font-weight: bold; }
 * 2) pagehistory li { border: 1px solid White; }
 * 3) pagehistory li.selected {
 * Diff rendering

/*    background: url(external.png) center right no-repeat; padding-right: 13px; } .link-https { background: url("lock_icon.gif") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 16px; } .link-mailto { background: url("mail_icon.gif") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 18px; }   background: url("news_icon.png") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 18px; } .link-ftp { background: url("file_icon.gif") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 18px; } .link-irc { background: url("discussionitem_icon.gif") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 18px; } /* disable interwiki styling */ color: #3366bb; background: none; padding: 0; } /* this can be used in the content area to switch off special external link styling */ background: none !important; padding: 0; } /*
 * keep the whitespace in front of the ^=, hides rule from konqueror
 * this is css3, the validator doesn't like it when validating as css2
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="http://"],
 * 2) bodyContent a[href ^="gopher://"] {
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="gopher://"] {
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="https://"],
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="mailto:"],
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="news://"] {
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="ftp://"],
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="irc://"],
 * 1) bodyContent a.extiw,
 * 2) bodyContent a.extiw:active {
 * 1) bodyContent a.external { color: #3366bb; }
 * 1) bodyContent .plainlinks a {
 * Structural Elements

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 * general portlet styles (elements in the quickbar)

/*
 * Logo properties

z-index: 3; position:absolute; /*needed to use z-index */ top: 0; left: 0; height: 155px; width: 12em; overflow: visible; }   display: block; height: 155px; width: 12.2em; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 35% 50% !important; text-decoration: none; }
 * 1) p-logo {
 * 1) p-logo h5 { display: none; }
 * 2) p-logo a,
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/*
 * the navigation portlet

position:relative; z-index:3; }
 * 1) p-nav {

/*   position:relative; z-index:3; }       text-align: center; } input.searchButton { margin-top:1px; padding: 0 0.4em !important; font-size: 95%; cursor: pointer; background-color: White; border: 1px solid #2f6fab; }   border: 1px solid #2f6fab; width:10.9em; margin: 0 0 0 0; font-size: 95%; }   padding: 0.5em 0.4em 0.4em 0.4em; }
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 * 1) searchInput {
 * 1) p-search .pBody {

/*
 * the personal toolbar

width:100%; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 0 0 0; margin:0; position:absolute; left:0px; top:0px; z-index: 0; border: none; background: none; overflow: visible; line-height: 1.2em; }
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display:none; }   padding:0; margin:0; border: none; z-index:0; overflow: visible; background: none; } /* this is the ul contained in the portlet */ border: none; line-height: 1.4em; color: #2f6fab; padding: 0em 2em 0 3em; margin: 0; text-align: right; text-transform: lowercase; list-style: none; z-index:0; background: none; }   z-index:0; border:none; padding:0; display: inline; color: #2f6fab; margin-left: 1em; line-height: 1.2em; background: none; }   text-decoration: none; color: #005896; padding-bottom: 0.2em; background: none; }   background-color: White; padding-bottom: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; }
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 * 1) p-personal li a {
 * 1) p-personal li a:hover {

/* the icon in front of the user name, single quotes in bg url to hide it from iemac */ li#pt-userpage, li#pt-anonuserpage, li#pt-login { background: url('user.gif') top left no-repeat; background-repeat: no-repeat; padding-left: 20px; text-transform: none; }

/*   position:absolute; top: 1.3em; left: 11.5em; margin: 0; white-space:nowrap; width: 76%; line-height: 1.1em; overflow: visible; background: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-left: 1em; list-style: none; font-size: 95%; }   list-style: none; }   display: inline; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: none; padding: 0 0 0.1em 0; margin: 0 0.3em 0 0; overflow: visible; background: White; }   border-color: #fabd23; padding: 0 0 0.2em 0; }   background-color: White; color: #002bb8; border: none; padding: 0 0.8em 0.3em 0.8em; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase; position: relative; z-index: 0; margin: 0; }   z-index: 3; text-decoration: none; }   padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; } /* offsets to distinguish the tab groups */ li#ca-talk { margin-right: 1.6em; } li#ca-watch, li#ca-watch { margin-left: 1.6em; }
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 * 3) p-cactions li a:hover {
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 * 3) p-cactions li.istalk a { padding-right: 0.5em; }
 * 4) p-cactions #ca-addsection a {

/*   position:relative; z-index:3; }
 * the remaining portlets
 * 1) p-tbx,
 * 2) p-lang {
 * 1) p-lang {

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 * footer
 * 1) footer {
 * 1) footer {
 * 1) footer li {
 * 1) f-poweredbyico, #f-copyrightico {
 * 1) f-poweredbyico {
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/* js pref toc */ float: left; margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em; width: 13em; }   background-color:#f9f9f9; border:1px dashed #aaaaaa; }   display: block; color: #0014a6; }   clear: both; float: left; margin-top: 1em; } div.prefsectiontip { font-size: 95%; margin-top: 1em; } fieldset.operaprefsection { margin-left: 15em }
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 * 1) preftoc a,
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/* /* tabs: border on the a, not the div */ border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: none; } /* footer icons need a fixed width */ overflow-x: auto; width: 100%; padding-bottom: 25px; }
 * IE/Mac fixes, hope to find a validating way to move this
 * to a separate stylesheet. This would work but doesn't validate:
 * @import("IEMacFixes.css");
 * > html #p-cactions li { border:none; }
 * > html #p-cactions li a {
 * > html #p-cactions li.selected a { border-color: #fabd23; }
 * > html #f-poweredbyico,
 * > html #f-copyrightico { width: 88px; }
 * > html #bodyContent,
 * > html #bodyContent pre {

/* more IE fixes */ /* float/negative margin brokenness */ display: inline; margin-bottom: 0; }
 * html #footer {margin-top: 0;}
 * html #column-content {
 * html div.editsection { font-size: smaller; }
 * 1) pagehistory li.selected { position: relative; }

/* Mac IE 5.0 fix; floated content turns invisible */ float: none; }   position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; }   margin-left: 13.2em; }
 * > html #column-content {
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.printfooter { display: none; }

.sharedUploadNotice { font-style: italic; }

/* make a few corners round, only supported by moz/firefox/other gecko browsers for now */ -moz-border-radius-topleft: 1em; -moz-border-radius-topright: 1em; } border:solid 1px #fff; } border:solid 1px #ccc; } -moz-border-radius-topleft: 1em; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 1em; border:0px; } div.pBody { -moz-border-radius-topright: 1em; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 1em; border:solid 1px #fff; border-left:0px; } div.pBody:hover { border:solid 1px #ccc; border-left:0px; }
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title: User:Tenks/ myskin.css


text: Talk:Circulation issue

title: Talk:Circulation issue


text: Category:Vehicle stubs

title: Category:Vehicle stubs


text:
Category talk:Literature

Literature by language
What about a category Category:Literature by language? We already have Category:Literature in English, Category:Ancient Greek literature, Category:Kannada literature etc. -- Robert Weemeyer 01:55, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Upper case/Lower case?
What's with all of this upper/lower case stuff on the category page? Seems like a whole load of nonsense to me... *Cremepuff 222*  01:21, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

Antigone https://mthoyibi.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/antigone_2.pdf
“ANTIGONE: I dared. It was not God’s proclamation. That final Justice That rules the world below makes no such laws. Your edict, King, was strong, But all your strength is weakness itself against 360 The immortal unrecorded laws of God. They are not merely now: they were, and shall be, Operative for ever, beyond man utterly. I knew I must die, even without your decree: I am only mortal. And if I must die 365 Now, before it is my time to die, Surely this is no hardship: can anyone Living, as I live, with evil all about me, Think Death less than a friend? This death of mine Is of no importance; but if I had left my brother 370 Lying in death unburied, I should have suffered. Now I do not. You smile at me. Ah Creon, Think me a fool, if you like; but it may well be That a fool convicts me of folly.”

Antigone's Quote Analysis The theme of natural vs. man-made is the central idea of this quote. Creon is a king who believes that there is no powerful law other than the one that is yielded by the state, while the speaker in this quote, Antigone, believes that the only supreme law comes from the gods. Therefore, there is a rivalry between these two characters, with one trying to justify artificial law while the other defying the artificial law and following the gods' proclamation. Antigone, in this quote, shows that she has greater loyalty to her dead brother than she does to the law of Thebes. Her sense of duty and the wishes of the gods are a driver to her defiance of human law and following natural law that has been shown as divine. This quotation is central to the play because it has been used to portray Antigone's heroism in the face of people more powerful than her. According to the quote, it is clear that Antigone has a strong belief in rights. She believes it is a provision for her by the gods' laws to afford her brother a decent burial. The law of the gods, according to her, are higher as compared to the laws of the state, and this means that she is doing nothing wrong by following the laws of the gods. In line 360, she states that "It is not God's proclamation," and there are no such laws are provided by the final justice that rules the world. The quote in itself assists the reader in the character's quest for fairness in all issues, especially when it is being meted on an individual who the state perceives as powerless. The quote is a central pillar of the play because it points out an individual's resistance to unfair state power. Antigone is a character who says no to anything that she finds vile, and this shows that she is more powerful compared to the leader on the throne who is trying to go against her rights. Creon is a leader who threatens people's rights to do lawful things, as seen in this case. As a main character in the play, Antigone is quick to note that the King's "edict…was strong". In this regard, she is respectful to the law bestowed on the King but refuses to take wayward directions lying down. Creon is therefore helpless and unable to act on his own. A deeper understanding of the quote points out that Creon's wish not to execute Antigone, but some other powers push him to order her death. He seems to yield state power that controls him, and this shows that he has circumscribed to his kingship as the throne has made him the master of the land he dwells in. The quote seems to indicate that power sometimes becomes dangerous through the way that it is pushing Creon to act inhumanely. The King appears to have surrendered to the state, and he knows that his circumscription well. Antigone is defiant of the law put in place by Creon because she believes that it is unfair to go against the gods' supreme law. She believes that the King's laws cannot be compared to those of the gods. According to the quote, the laws of the gods are eternal. Whereas the King's laws are strong, they will always be weak compared to those of the gods. Antigone champions her rights to bury her brother and believes that God cannot make such a ruthless proclamation as made by Creon. God would never make a law that forbids a sister to bury her brother. The power of the state's law has also been expounded in the quote. In this case, Creon is of the firm belief that the state is the supreme power. He believes in such laws so powerfully that he makes a declaration that anybody who dares to defy his order not to bury Polyneices will have to be stone in the public square. Conclusion The quote that has been analyzed is essential to the play because it holds a central theme. The fight for human rights against the state's laws is a theme that the entire play has dwelt on and is b therefore, a pillar of the whole plot. The theme of natural law comes across as the emphasis of the quote. Creon, as the King strongly believes in the obedience of man-made laws. By going contrary to Creon's command not to bury her brother, Antigone brings about another set of guidelines referred to as natural law. The source of the law is divine order, and this is shown by how she cites the gods' laws. The reader can conclude that natural law perceives standards for right and wrong, which are fundamental and universal compared to the rules that any society has made. Work Cited Sophocles. Antigone. ReadHowYouWant. com, 2008. Retrieved from https://mthoyibi.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/antigone_2.pdf — Preceding unsigned comment added by Beasts11 (talk • contribs) 08:31, 20 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Literature


text:
Wikipedia:Cleanup Taskforce/SDAIE

SDAIE
converted to subpage 01:56, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup Taskforce Log
Added to User:DoubleBlue/Desk (education). -- Beland 01:28, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Cleanup Taskforce/SDAIE


text:
Talk:Bracteate

Assessment
I'm going to uphold this assessment at mid importance because, I with a fair amount of numismatic knowledge had not known of this to exist before research on wikipedia. The requirements for a higher ranking would have a number of casual collectors with knowledge of it. While I have no doubt that some do find this an important article, I feel it doesn't qualify within the ranking system. Jo e  I  10:23, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

Hun caucases?
It is unclear what the "Hun caucases", mentioned in the lead, are. Is this a region of the Caucasus (note spelling)? Edurant 17:16, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

Walha-kurn?
I restored "citation needed" for this. We can't use Tjurkö bracteates as a source, and even if we could, that article prefers reading "walha-kurn" as "gold" over "bracteate". Jon kare (talk) 09:30, 8 February 2010 (UTC)

pronounciation
Brak-tee-ate? Brasee-ate? use ipa: Help:IPA for English OsamaBinLogin (talk) 20:42, 2 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 one external links on Bracteate. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060626021956/http://www.historiska.se:80/collections/treasures/folkvandring/folkv_brakt-e.html to http://www.historiska.se/collections/treasures/folkvandring/folkv_brakt-e.html
 * Added tag to http://www.canterburytrust.co.uk/schools/gallery/gall04c.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060504225840/http://home.comcast.net:80/~pankajtandon/galleries-bracteates.html to http://home.comcast.net/~pankajtandon/galleries-bracteates.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070213012907/http://www215.pair.com:80/sacoins/public_html/fake_bracteates.htm to http://www215.pair.com/sacoins/public_html/fake_bracteates.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051030212348/http://www.gotmus.i.se:80/fornsalen/skatter/engelska/hoards_from_the_roman_iron_age.htm to http://www.gotmus.i.se/fornsalen/skatter/engelska/hoards_from_the_roman_iron_age.htm

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title: Talk:Bracteate


text:
User talk:Bonanza Jellybean

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Christopher Parham (talk) 01:56, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Please note that there is a long standing agreed convention that bird species' names, like Sacred Ibis, are always capitalised. jimfbleak 07:22, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

 * sounds like you've agreed on a really stupid convention.
 * --Bonanza Jellybean 12:38, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bonanza Jellybean


text: Template:Vehicle-stub

title: Template:Vehicle-stub


text:
Forest-fire model

In applied mathematics, a forest-fire model is any of a number of dynamical systems displaying self-organized criticality. Note, however, that according to Pruessner et al. (2002, 2004) the forest-fire model does not behave critically on very large, i.e. physically relevant scales. Early versions go back to Henley (1989) and Drossel and Schwabl (1992). The model is defined as a cellular automaton on a grid with Ld cells. L is the sidelength of the grid and d is its dimension. A cell can be empty, occupied by a tree, or burning. The model of Drossel and Schwabl (1992) is defined by four rules which are executed simultaneously:

 * 1) A burning cell turns into an empty cell
 * 2) A tree will burn if at least one neighbor is burning
 * 3) A tree ignites with probability f even if no neighbor is burning
 * 4) An empty space fills with a tree with probability p

The controlling parameter of the model is p/f which gives the average number of trees planted between two lightning strikes (see Schenk et al. (1996) and Grassberger (1993)). In order to exhibit a fractal frequency-size distribution of clusters a double separation of time scales is necessary

 * $$f \ll p \ll T_\mathrm{smax}\,$$

where Tsmax is the burn time of the largest cluster. The scaling behavior is not simple, however (Grassberger 1993, 2002 and Pruessner et al. 2002, 2004).

A cluster is defined as a coherent set of cells, all of which have the same state. Cells are coherent if they can reach each other via nearest neighbor relations. In most cases, the von Neumann neighborhood (four adjacent cells) is considered.

The first condition $$f\ll p$$ allows large structures to develop, while the second condition $$p\ll T_\mathrm{smax}$$ keeps trees from popping up alongside a cluster while burning.

In landscape ecology, the forest fire model is used to illustrate the role of the fuel mosaic in the wildfire regime. The importance of the fuel mosaic on wildfire spread is debated. Parsimonious models such as the forest fire model can help to explore the role of the fuel mosaic and its limitations in explaining observed patterns.

title: Forest-fire model


text:
Wikipedia:Cleanup Taskforce/SUMO class

SUMO class
converted to subpage 01:57, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Eliminate links proposal
Considering not even a fraction of the topics on this list are encyclopedic, and many of the linked articles are irrelevent to the category referred to in the SUMO class, I think the links should be completely removed. Is there any objection to this? Derrick Coetzee 22:07, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * disagree. the fraction is about 1/3; and if the concept doesn't link to an encyclopedic article, it should link to a dictionary definition, or to a category. if you unlink this stuff, next someone will list it on VfD as being just a list of words. Waveguy 01:31, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Frankly, this is pretty much just a list of words — the article needs a lot more real content to explain what they are, how they're used, and how they were chosen. In my opinion an irrelevent link is considerably worse than no link at all, because it's misleading (takes users to an article on an unrelated topic). Cross-linking them all to Wiktionary isn't a bad idea, though. I don't object to people linking some of these words in a relevent way, but I think the opposite approach of linking them all and then removing some that are bad will still leave some bad links in. Derrick Coetzee 02:09, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Perhaps this list really belongs at Wiktionary. - dcljr 04:45, 22 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Funny, does that means Encyclopedia does not corespont to Ontology :-)? --AndriuZ 21:38, 2005 Jun 18 (UTC)

Many of the links point to disambiguation pages, or (worse) to pages that redirect to disambiguation pages. This is not helpful to readers, which is rather unencyclopedic. Linking is supposed to be informative; I'd suggest removing any link that doesn't take the reader to information that's relevant to what is being said. Veg0matic 05:51, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Merge with SUMO page
This article should be appended to the end of Suggested_Upper_Merged_Ontology because the class enumerations do not mean much by themselves, but they are useful in describing the SUMO.

Merged
I merged this article. (I did by a pretty brute force means: I copied all but the first paragraph of text. The external links were already there.  I copied the ontology category as well.  I then marked the merged article for cleanup since it needs to be better integrated.  I'll be working on that but I'll leave the cleanup tag until it is done). RJFJR 00:20, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup taskforce log
Added to User:NicholasTurnbull/Desk (computers). -- Beland 23:08, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Cleanup Taskforce/SUMO class


text:
Talk:Rappen

berappen
I removed "The German verb "berappen" (English: to fork out) derivates from Rappen and is mainly used in Swiss- and Alpine regions." because this is not correct. According to the "Duden Herkunftswörterbuch": "Er ist vielleicht rotwelschen Ursprungs, jedenfalls nicht von dem Münznamen 'Rappen' abgeleitet" and it seems to not be used only in Swiss or Alps regions. --84.72.203.135 (talk) 22:14, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

1 Rappen Coin in 2006?
I've lived in Switzerland since 1996 and have never seen a 1 Rappen coin. The smallest denomination they have had since that time has always been a 5 Rappen coin. Unless this coin was minted but not circulated I think there is a mistake in the article saying that this coin was minted until 2006. Geoff13 (talk) 07:36, 3 November 2009 (UTC)

 * This a common comment I read. In Switzerland, the 1 Rappen is rarely used that it is hard to find in circulation. CH does accept them as legal tender, but many shoppes may not accept them as a form of currency. However, this may be because there are very few minted in such a small country that it may not be found. Whether or not you can find them, they are always there. SmartOne —Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.0.174.117 (talk) 01:36, 7 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Strange that everything has been priced to the nearest 5 Rappens since I arrived in 1996. I gather that is why at least between 1996 and 2007 no one ever used the 1 Rappen coin and hence I was never given one in my change.  Odd though that if the coin left circulation in 2007 there was no warning that one had to turn in all their 1 Rappen coins by a certain date otherwise they would no longer be accepted.  Speaking to others who have lived longer in Switzerland than I, they all tell me it left circulation in the mid to early 1990's. So I am still suspicious that this date of 2007 is an error. Geoff13 (talk) 10:20, 9 July 2010 (UTC)

 * I think it's a common misconception that the 1 Rappen coins had actually still circulated until the date they were officially rendered invalid as currency. They had legally been currency up to then, though I never tried to pay with any in a shop (and I wonder if the lady at the counter would have happily accepted them). They had long fallen out of use, and as nothing has since ever been priced in steps smaller than 5 Rappen, there wasn't any opportunity for them to enter circulation at all. The only instance of when a shop resorted to those odd prices was sometime in the eighties or nineties, with a place called Pick&Pay or sth like that (probably as a bit of a publicity stunt, come to think of it), but apart from that I've never seen them used. In all my life, I have used about three or four of them max. The reason why they government didn't issue a call to have the masses return all the soon-to-be invalid 1 Rappen coins was most likely the fact that no-one had a lot of them left. And even if anyone had had a whole hundred of them stashed away for that one glorious day when he would try and use them for buying chewing gum, it still wouldn't have been enough for a whole packet. Bit of a monetary non-entity, really. Come to think of it, aren't you annoyed when you get one of the little fivers in a shop? Can't use those for anything. They'll be next. Trigaranus (talk) 12:46, 9 July 2010 (UTC)

The name of the modern Swiss subunit
There appears to be some confusion in the English Wikipedia over the name of the modern Swiss subunit although this article is about the different units of currency to be called the Rappen as well as the modern Swiss unit. Please see the discussion I started on the Swiss franc talk page (Talk:Swiss_franc) for more information. Tk420 (talk) 15:43, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rappen


text:
Ouricury wax

Ouricury wax is a brown-colored wax obtained from the leaves of a Brazilian feather palm Syagrus coronata by scraping the leaf surface.

Harvesting
Harvesting ouricury wax is more difficult than harvesting carnauba wax, as ouricury wax does not flake off the surface of the leaves.

Properties and uses
The physical properties of ouricury wax resemble carnauba wax, so it can be used as a substitute where light color is not required, e.g. in carbon paper inks, molding lubricants and polishes. Its melting point is 81-84 °C.

title: Ouricury wax