text:
Talk:Certified Financial Planner

College Degree
On the CFP website, they have decided to extend the time on a college degree requirement. It seems that CFP has allowed people to take the Credential without an accredited college degree since their inception (for 25+ years). It seems that they plan to require a college education by next year.

TM symbol
The use of ™ is correctly used in this article. Please do not delete this version. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Paradigmbuff (talk • contribs) 21:55, 10 November 2004.

 * Copyright violation? Can Wikipedia advertise this copyrighted expression? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Wetman (talk • contribs) 22:09, 19 November 2004.

Copyrighted expression? Please clarify? It is my understanding that without the trademark or copyright symbols, that would violate a copyrighted expression. Therefore, I don't think I understand the question. I've had this issue come up before and was informed by another that copyrighted expressions are not used in Wikipedia. And yet, I noticed that images are copyright protected on Wikipedia. So, I'm not really sure how to answer this question either.

Just sharing a little bit of my experience with this, accredited programs are better, and do seriously consider a review provider or two or however many it takes to pass that exam. Paradigmbuff 22:33, Nov 19, 2004 (UTC)

Blanking of page without TM in title
Reason for Blanking: The title of this article is incorrectly used. The CFP Board has strict guidelines on the use of ™ which is required in this case. The same article can be found under Certified Financial Planner™. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Paradigmbuff (talk • contribs) 21:53, 10 November 2004.

Apparently, trademarks or copyrights not required for the purpose of this article. If a certificant or board member finds out that the CFP® mark has not been properly used in this article, please do not ask me to change it again. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Paradigmbuff (talk • contribs) 22:21, 11 November 2004.

(Note: This comment was modified by at 22:35, 11 November 2004. Noel (talk) 00:07, 1 October 2005 (UTC))

Copyvio notice/Article name
I've removed the copyvio notice, as it's clear that the page which was quoted as the source is actually a mirror of Wikipedia. However, I've also removed the © symbols from the text, as we don't generally use them here. It may well be the CFP Board's rule that these symbols are used when the title is used officially, but that's a private issue - WP is not using the title officially, and is under no obligation to use the symbols. For that reason, the page should also be moved to Certified Financial Planner, without the ™. sjorford →•← 14:09, 17 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Support the move. Avoid special symbols in the title. Jonathunder 23:34, 2005 Mar 18 (UTC)

This article has been renamed as the result of a move request. violet/riga (t) 19:51, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Cut-and-paste move
This article requires the history stored at Certified Financial Planner/history merging in when the block compression issue is resolved. violet/riga (t) 19:51, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * OK, I've done the merge.
 * There was a teensy issue, because between 21:37, 10 November 2004 and 22:09, 11 November 2004 there were two separate live copies of the article, and User: Paradigmbuff edited the other copy (as well as this one). I didn't want to merge those edits, because it would be very confusing with the two histories intermingled, with no info on which versions belonged to which 'article'.
 * However, all 4 edits by PB during that period were simply to add the same external links as they added here, and add and delete categories (as here during much the same period).
 * Also, that version of the article was a dead-end - as far as I can tell, none of the content there was used here. So, I have simply elected to leave those other versions out there in deleted-version space. Noel (talk) 23:49, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

CFP(r) with respect to retail financial services
The category Financial Services seems more appropriate. Although a financial planner may be affiliated with a bank which offers services and products described currently under Retail financial services, a planner in the United States could also be an individual Investment Adviser registered either with the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) or with the individual states he/she practices in. I believe the Financial Planning Association and possibly the CFP Board as well, are working with the SEC to remove this registration requirement. The article as it is now is neutral on this point and does not address this at all. The other possibility...a planner could also be an insurance broker or agent. According to folks who have been practicing as planners in this industry for 30 or more years, the field of financial planning evolved from the insurance industry. And the CFP(r) designation is one such credential along with the CLU. One other thing, some planners can also be practicing attornies; more so in the field of Estate Planning in private practice. Then of course, you can't forget the investment brokers. In reality, I do not see why an investment broker would go through the trouble of obtaining a CFP(r) and not practice as a financial planner. I can, however, see the logic of obtaining a CFA. An investment broker is more specialized. A planner, on the other hand, covers a broader area of financial services - from insurance (life, health, home/apartment, auto, long term care) to Last will and testament, creation of trusts, Living will, power of attorney durable or not....I'm certain there are brokers AND planners who would disagree with my assessment. But I hope you understand why I believe this article should fall under the category of "Financial Services" as opposed to "Retail Financial Services". —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 65.4.74.226 (talk • contribs) 16:24, 19 May 2005.

CFPs not just in USA
The CFP designation is a global designation, offered in many different countries.

FPSB has members and associate members from 19 countries. These members have authorized more than 73,000 individuals to use the CFP marks worldwide. Each organization has endorsed the CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ certification process as the best means of demonstrating financial planner competency and ethical behavior. Members of the Council work to promote the CFP certification marks as the globally recognized standard of excellence for financial planners.

More information on the council can be viewed at www.fpsb.org —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Sholland (talk • contribs) 21:25, 26 July 2005.

 * This article gives limited geographic scope to the subject and fails to clearly state where the organisations it discusses are base. I've added the globalize tag until this is sorted. simonthebold 16:16, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Still not sorted, so I restored the tag. One way to globalize the article would be to merge it with Financial planner.  Each article on its own, and a combined article would be quite a comprehensive one.  --Hroðulf (or Hrothulf) (Talk) 17:56, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

Unbiased Financial Guidance
I consulted this article to determine if the designation, "Certified Financial Planner (CFP)" was a guarantee of unbiased financial guidance. It appears the designation, "CFP" provides no such assurance. However, this article does refer the reader to ten questions that a person should ask a potential provider of financial guidance. Question 8 reads as follows:

8. Could anyone besides me benefit from your recommendations? Some business relationships or partnerships that a planner has could affect her professional judgment while working with you, inhibiting the planner from acting in your best interest. Ask the planner to provide you with a description of her conflicts of interest in writing. For example, financial planners who sell insurance policies, securities or mutual funds have a business relationship with the companies that provide these financial products. The planner may also have relationships or partnerships that should be disclosed to you, such as business she receives for referring you to an insurance agent, accountant or attorney for implementation of planning suggestions.

The designations, "CFP" and "CFA" entail compliance with written ethical standards. But these standards do not preclude relationships that may constitute conflicts of interest. Fair enough. Without more, no harm done. But this article, as written, does not directly speak to third party relationships and potential conflicts of interest. I suggest the inclusion of such language that would state, as a point of fact, that conflicts of interest are not precluded by the designation "CFP" or "CFA". -- REMARKS AND PERSONAL OPINION: A search of Wikipedia for, "Certified Financial Consultant (CFC)" produced no results. I suspect this designation is in use by someone, somewhere. I don't know. But I do see a need for a designation that (by definition and enforcement) precludes any and all third party relatonships that suggest (or in fact constitute) a conflict of interst. Of course, certified unbiased financial guidance would, in most cases, require fee basis compensation. No problem here. Many financial consultants already work on a fee basis. And Doctors and attorneys do it all the time. AA266 (talk) 02:00, 18 July 2009 (UTC)

This article should clearly state that a CFP does NOT have a fiduciary responsibility to a client, as this is the whole reason this nonsense designation was developed, given all the bad press that financial advisers and the like who are not required to have a fiduciary relationship with clients have been receiving. The fact is that if you want your financial investments to be in your best interest, you need a legal fiduciary agreement. This CFP nonsense is just that, nonsense. No, I'm not in the financial business, but I do invest and my relationship with my adviser is fiduciary - yes it cost more, but is worth it, at least for me. 68.189.209.118 (talk) 04:03, 22 February 2015 (UTC)

Compensation
How is a CFP paid? I haven't been able to learn from this article whether they are paid by commissions, as are stockbrokers, or by other means. Perhaps other people are curious. Shouldn't WP answer this question?

Donfbreed2 (talk) 00:07, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
 * "Stockbroker" is a job. "CFP" is a designation (think of it as a degree). Asking how a CFP is paid is like asking how an MBA is paid: It depends on their job. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 00:21, 21 March 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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General clean up
I have started a general clean up. Some of this material still needs work -- particularly the section on education. And, there was some material on supposed differences between the CFP in the United States and the CFP in Canada for which I find absolutely no support in the source material. I deleted the dubious "Canada" material. If a reliable source for the Canada material can be found later, then the material can be re-added. Famspear (talk) 20:07, 9 December 2016 (UTC)

The weird, unsupported verbiage regarding CFPs in Canada was apparently added by an anonymous user a while back, here:. Famspear (talk) 21:36, 9 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Certified Financial Planner


text:
George Maguire

George Maguire may refer to:

 * George Maguire (actor, born 1985), English actor and musician
 * George Maguire (actor, born 1990), English actor
 * George Maguire (politician) (1796–1882), Irish-American politician
 * George Maguire (ice hockey) (born 1922), general manager of the Los Angeles Kings

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: George Maguire


text:
Talk:Once Upon a Time in America

Deborah's Rape and her reaction
How do we feel about the wording of this passage: "Seeking to form a genuine intimacy with Deborah, Noodles takes her on a lavish date, where she reveals her plans to pursue a career in Hollywood. On their drive back, a frustrated Noodles rapes her in the limousine. He is later met with Deborah's aloofness when he watches her board the train to California."

Feels quite problematic, perhaps?

First, the word 'frustration' might be his personal motivation, but its use here feels a bit off... and secondly Surely not wanting to make eye contact with someone who raped you just hours before seems like a justified reaction, and not anything to do with being "aloof?"

Bugsy (Siegel?)
Is the character "Bugsy" in this film based on Bugsy Siegel? I've come from Siegel's page, and here's what I've found out: Movie Bugsy is a Jewish gang boss who has young Jewish boys committing petty crimes for him on Manhattan’s Lower East Side; I’m not sure how old he’s supposed to be, but the actor was about 30 at the time. He dies in 1918 in the movie. The real man, who I’ll refer to as Siegel, was born in Brooklyn in 1906, and joined a gang on the Lower East Side in Manhattan as a boy. He committed petty crimes until he met Moe Segway and started an (extortion) protection racket for pushcart vendors. As a teenager, Siegel became instrumental in what became known as the Bugs and Meyer Mob; From there, the Mob expanded, grew in influence, and Siegel’s criminal career expanded outside of New York.

I think it’s pretty safe to say that, between misunderstandings and generalizations surrounding his early life, and alterations to fit the plot, our Movie Bugsy might be the same as Siegel - in a world where his gang is not so successful, and he’s killed by a young boy. But I admit, I haven't watched the movie, so perhaps somebody who has can weigh in on this before we put something in the article. If you want to know more about Siegel, I recommend his article as well as the one on his mob for relevant information.

Also, how does one cite a "correlation" like this that isn't explicitly stated on any credible sources (that I've seen)? Would appreciate input. 8"mrk"7 (talk) 16:18, 27 December 2023 (UTC)

James woods commentary
the article mentions above that Gene Siskel called the American edit the worst movie of 1984 and the original edit the best.

Then later it references James Woods telling of a critic who said the same thing. I think this is a little redundant, given it's highly likely Woods is referring to Siskel in the first place CornflakeCancer (talk) 18:18, 15 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Once Upon a Time in America


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Champ Ferguson

Samuel "Champ" Ferguson (November 29, 1821 – October 20, 1865) was a notorious Confederate guerrilla during the American Civil War. He claimed to have killed over 100 Union soldiers and pro-Union civilians. He was arrested, tried, and executed for war crimes by the U.S. military after the war.

Early life
Ferguson was born in Clinton County, Kentucky, on the Tennessee border, the oldest of ten children. This area was known as the Kentucky Highlands and had more families who were yeomen farmers and generally owned few slaves. Like his father, Ferguson became a farmer but also earned a reputation for violence even before the American Civil War. He became a slave owner in the 1850s.

On August 12, 1858, an altercation that culminated in a feud between Ferguson and the Evans brothers, Floyd and Alexander, resulted in the death of James Reed, the Evans' cousin and acting constable of Fentress County, Tennessee and the near death of Floyd Evans. Both men were stabbed repeatedly by Ferguson as he attempted to flee mob justice, which the Tennesseans had meant to inflict on Ferguson after cornering him on their side of the border. In the 1850s, Ferguson moved with his wife and family to the Calfkiller River Valley in White County, Tennessee.

Guerrilla activities
During the Civil War, East Tennessee, a mostly mountainous region, opposed secession from the Union. The establishment in the region, for instance, of the "Free and Independent State of Scott" was an example of this. The remainder of the state, which had more slaveholders, particularly in the plantation areas of West Tennessee, supported the Confederacy. The historical division made East Tennessee a target of informal engagements by both sides. Confederate troops fought engagements with local partisans, which took place far from the front. From 1862, Tennessee was occupied by Union troops, which contributed to the tensions and divisions. The mountainous terrain and the lack of law enforcement during the war gave guerrillas and other irregular military groups significant freedom of action. Numerous incidents were recorded of guerrilla and revenge attacks, especially on the Cumberland Plateau. Families were often divided; one of Champ Ferguson's brothers fought as a member of the Union's 1st Kentucky Cavalry and was killed in action.

Early in the war, Ferguson organized a guerrilla company and began attacking any civilians that he believed supported the Union. Many local vendettas were prosecuted in occupied Tennessee under the guise of war. His men cooperated with Confederate military units led by Brig. Gen. John Hunt Morgan and Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler when they were in the area and some evidence indicates that Morgan commissioned Ferguson as a captain of partisan rangers. Ferguson's men were seldom subject to military discipline and often violated the normal rules of war.

Stories circulated about Ferguson's alleged sadism, including tales that he occasionally decapitated his prisoners and rolled their heads down hillsides. He was said to be willing to kill elderly and bedridden men. He was once arrested by the Confederate authorities and charged with murdering a government official and was imprisoned for two months in Wytheville, Virginia. The charges could not be proved, so he was eventually released.

Trial and hanging

At the war's end, Ferguson disbanded his men and returned home to his farm. As soon as the Union troops learned of his return, they arrested him and took him to Nashville, where he was tried by a military court for 53 murders. Ferguson's trial attracted national attention and soon became a major media event. One of Ferguson's main adversaries on the Union side, David "Tinker Dave" Beatty, testified against him. Just as Ferguson had led a guerrilla band against any real or presumed Unionists, Beatty led a guerrilla band against any real or presumed confederates. Both did their best to ambush and kill the other. Ferguson acknowledged that his band had killed many of the victims named and said he had killed over 100 men himself. He insisted this conduct was simply part of his duty as a soldier.

A notorious incident was Ferguson and his guerrilla band's involvement in killing wounded Union men and prisoners after the Battle of Saltville. The victims were members of the all-black 5th United States Colored Cavalry and their white officers. Ferguson and his men were charged with murdering the wounded in their hospital beds. Only the arrival of Thomas' Legion of Cherokee Indians and Highlanders had prevented the complete slaughter of the prisoners. As soon as Ferguson learned that regular Confederates had arrived, he left with his men.

On October 10, 1865, Ferguson was found guilty and sentenced to hang. He made a statement in response to the verdict:

"I am yet and will die a Rebel … I killed a good many men, of course, but I never killed a man who I did not know was seeking my life. … I had always heard that the Federals would not take me prisoner, but would shoot me down wherever they found me. That is what made me kill more than I otherwise would have done. I repeat that I die a Rebel out and out, and my last request is that my body be removed to White County, Tennessee, and be buried in good Rebel soil."

He was hanged on October 20, 1865, one of only three men to be tried, convicted, and executed for war crimes during the Civil War. The others were Captain Henry Wirz, commandant of the infamous Andersonville prison in Georgia, and Henry C. Magruder, a Confederate guerrilla fighter who was convicted of eight murders. Ferguson was buried in a comb grave in the France Cemetery north of Sparta, White County, Tennessee. This site is now bordered by Highway 84 (Monterey Highway).

After his execution, Ferguson's statements to the Nashville Dispatch were published; The New York Times classified his letter as a confession. He admitted to killing at least ten people. Ferguson claimed nine of the men were killed in self-defense. He believed that one was committing murders and robbing private houses. Ferguson also stated that he had been convicted of the murders of several men who were killed by other members of his group. He denied some of the charges, including the killing of 12 soldiers at Saltville, and said that many of the men he was accused of killing had died in battle or been killed by bands other than his own. Ferguson felt that his trial had been neither just nor fair. Knowing that he would be sentenced to death, he questioned the reliability of all but two of the witnesses.

title: Champ Ferguson


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lackorzynski

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was already deleted. — J I P | Talk 13:34, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Lackorzynski
NN & vanity ≈ jossi ≈ 00:02, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unverifiable nonsense. Tito xd 00:12, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unverifiable. Cnwb 03:06, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. vanity page. Andrew pmk | Talk 03:13, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Joaquin Murietta 05:44, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN --Rogerd 08:25, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete This article is just stupidity at its worst. Misterrick 00:37, 01 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Talk:Liquid cooling for computers

title: Talk:Liquid cooling for computers


text: User talk:81.96.176.108

title: User talk:81.96.176.108


text: User talk:85.164.49.75

title: User talk:85.164.49.75


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Jackson Laboratory

The Jackson Laboratory (often abbreviated as JAX) is an independent, non-profit biomedical research institution which was founded by Clarence Cook Little in 1929. It employs over 3,000 employees in Bar Harbor, Maine; Sacramento, California; Farmington, Connecticut; Shanghai, China; and Yokohama, Japan. The institution is a National Cancer Institute-designated Cancer Center and has NIH Centers of Excellence in aging and systems genetics. The stated mission of The Jackson Laboratory is "to discover the genetic basis for preventing, treating and curing human diseases, and to enable research and education for the global biomedical community."

The laboratory also provides more than 13,000 strains of mouse models to more than 2,400 organizations in 68 countries around the world. Additionally, JAX is the home of the Mouse Genome Informatics database, and an international hub for scientific courses, conferences, training and education.

Major research areas
The Jackson Laboratory has two research campuses, the Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics located in Bar Harbor, Maine, and the Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine located in Farmington, Connecticut. Each campus maintains affiliations with a variety of other academic institutions. In the Bar Harbor location, cooperative Ph.D. training is offered in conjunction with the University of Maine and Tufts University. At the Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, cooperative Ph.D. training is offered in conjunction with the University of Connecticut Health Center. There are more than 60 faculty members maintaining independent labs across these campuses, who perform research in six primary areas:
 * Cancer: The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center (JAXCC) has a National Cancer Institute-designated Cancer Center. Cancer areas of focus include: brain, leukemia, lung, lymphoma, prostate, breast; cancer initiation and progression; cancer prevention and therapies
 * Development/reproductive biology: birth defects, Down syndrome, osteoporosis, fertility
 * Immunology: HIV/AIDS, anemia, autoimmunity, cancer immunology, immune system disorders, lupus, tissue transplant rejection, vaccines
 * Metabolic diseases: atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity
 * Neurobiology: blindness, Alzheimer's, deafness, epilepsy, glaucoma, macular degeneration, neurodegenerative diseases
 * Neurobehavioral disorders: autism, addiction, depression

History
The Jackson Laboratory was founded by Clarence Cook Little, a former University of Maine and University of Michigan president, in 1929 in Bar Harbor, Maine under the name Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory with the purpose of discovering the causes of cancer and other diseases through research on mammals. The campus was built on 13 acres of land donated by George Dorr. Initial funding for the laboratory campus came from Edsel Ford, the son of Henry Ford, and from Roscoe B. Jackson, a one-time head of the Hudson Motor Car Company, for whom the institution is named. As well as providing funds for the first laboratory building, Roscoe B. Jackson provided support for the first five years of operation.

The sale of mouse animal models began in 1933 with early sales to the United States Public Health Service and The Jackson Laboratory now provides a high proportion of the mice used in biomedical research In particular, the C57BL/6J strain, which is widely used and cited is maintained at The Jackson Laboratory. The demand for mice generated at The Jackson Lab increased in 1937 when the Surgeon General supported a grant from National Cancer Institute to the lab that made mice produced there a de facto industry standard due to federal standardization requirements because it was the only large-scale mouse provider before World War II.

The research performed at The Jackson Laboratory is associated with at least 26 Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine via research, resources, or educational programming. Some notable findings from the institution include:
 * Established that cancer is a genetic disorder, a novel concept before the Laboratory's founding in 1929.
 * Dr. Leroy Stevens first described cells that can develop into different tissues – today known as stem cells.
 * Dr. Elizabeth Russell performed the first bone marrow transplants in a mammal, leading to new treatments for blood and immunological diseases.
 * Dr. George Snell won the Nobel Prize in 1980 for providing an in-depth understanding of the immune system's major histocompatibility complex, making organ transplants possible.
 * Dr. Douglas L. Coleman discovered the hormone leptin, central to obesity and diabetes research, earning him the Shaw Prize, the Albert Lasker Award, the Gairdner International Award, Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Biomedicine, and the King Faisal International Prize in Medicine.
 * Use of cancer avatars – mice with implanted human tumors – to test targeted therapies for cancer patients.
 * Recent research has provided insight into cancer stem cells and treatments for leukemia; progress with type 1 diabetes and lupus; and a breakthrough in extending mammalian life span.

Highlights

 * A grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences funds the development of new computational tools to understand how multiple genes interact in complex diseases.
 * The National Institute on Aging provides $25 million to develop new treatments, future therapies based on precision modeling.
 * The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funds phase 2 of the Knockout Mouse Production and Phenotyping Project (KOMP2).
 * Researchers link mutations to butterfly-shaped pigment dystrophy, an inherited macular disease.
 * Jackson Laboratory researchers discover mutation involved in neurodegeneration.
 * The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine opens in Farmington, Connecticut in October 2014.
 * In October 2020, it received a $11.8M USD grant from Harold Alfond Foundation.

The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center
The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center (JAXCC) first received its National Cancer Institute designation in 1983 in recognition of the foundational cancer research conducted there. The JAXCC is one of seven NCI-designated Cancer Centers with a focus on basic research.

The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center has a single program, Genetic Models for Precision Cancer Medicine, composed of three biological themes: cancer cell robustness, genomic and genetic complexity, and progenitor cell biology. The themes emphasize the systems genetics of cancer and translational cancer genomics, and all are supported by the JAX Cancer Center's technological initiatives in mouse modeling, genome analytics and quantitative cell biology.

The Morrell Park fire
On May 10, 1989, a flash fire destroyed the Morrell Park mouse production facility. The fire lasted for five hours, requiring over 100 firefighters from 15 companies and a total of 16 trucks for the fire to be contained. Four workers of the Colwell Construction Company who were installing fiberglass wallboard in the room where the fire broke out were injured, one with burns over 15 percent of his body. While none of the foundation strains were lost, 300,000 production mice (about 50% of their stock) died, resulting in a national shortage of laboratory mice and the layoff of 60 employees.

This was the second fire to severely affect the laboratory; the 1947 fire that burned most of the island destroyed most of the laboratory, and its mice. Worldwide donations of funds and mice allowed the lab to resume operations in 1948.

Acquisitions
In October 2021, Jackson Lab bought Japan-based research animal business from Charles River Laboratories International for US$63 million.

Research resources

 * Hosts the Mouse Genome Informatics database

Business model
The Jackson Laboratory is recognized by the IRS as a public charity. According to organization literature, revenue comes primarily from the sale of materials and services (~70%) and from government support (~25%). Less than 5% of 2012 revenue came from charitable donations.

Notable researchers

 * Edison Liu
 * Nadia Rosenthal
 * Charles Lee
 * Muriel Davisson
 * George Weinstock
 * Leroy Stevens
 * Elizabeth Russell
 * George Snell

Controversy
In 2013, a jury in Maine found that Jackson Laboratory did not violate that state's whistleblower protection law when they fired an employee who claimed to have been terminated after reporting her concerns about the treatment of animals to the National Institutes of Health Office for Laboratory Animal Welfare. The worker accused the laboratory of "allowing mice to suffer and then die in their cages instead of euthanizing them" and of cutting off the toes of mice to identify them. Jackson Laboratory denied the allegations and stated the worker was fired for her confrontational demeanor.

In 2009, Jackson Laboratory was fined $161,680 by the EPA for improperly handling and storing hazardous materials.

title: Jackson Laboratory


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Pizza Margherita

Pizza Margherita or Margherita pizza is a typical Neapolitan pizza, roundish in shape with a raised edge (the cornicione) and garnished with hand-crushed peeled tomatoes, mozzarella (buffalo mozzarella or fior di latte), fresh basil leaves, and extra virgin olive oil. The dough is made by mixing water, salt and yeast (sourdough, fresh or dry brewer's yeast) with flour (00 or 0).

The dough is stretched by the pizzaiolo (pizza maker) in a motion going outwards from the center, pressing with the fingers of both hands on the dough ball, and flipping it several times, shaping it into a disc. It is then topped and baked in an oven, which is traditionally made of brick and wood-fired (electric or gas ovens are also used). Pizza Margherita is usually served hot on a plate or folded into four and wrapped in paper (pizza a portafoglio or a libretto).

History
A popular contemporary legend holds that the archetypal pizza Margherita was invented in June 1889, when the Royal Palace of Capodimonte commissioned the Neapolitan pizzaiolo Raffaele Esposito to create a pizza in honor of the visiting Queen Margherita. Of the three different pizzas he created, the Queen strongly preferred a pizza swathed in the colors of the Italian flag—red (tomato), green (basil), and white (mozzarella). Supposedly, this type of pizza was then named after the Queen, with an official letter of recognition from the Queen's "head of service" remaining to this day on display in Esposito's shop, now called the Pizzeria Brandi. Later research cast doubt on this legend, undermining the authenticity of the letter of recognition, pointing that no media of the period reported about supposed visit and that both the story and name Margherita were first promoted in the 1930s–1940s.

The origins of pizza Margherita came from mixing similar toppings that were already present in Naples between 1796 and 1810. In 1849 Emanuele Rocco recorded different pizza toppings including basil, tomatoes and thin slices of mozzarella; the mozzarella was thinly sliced, and added to the toppings already present.

In 1866, Francesco De Bourcard, writing about the Naples traditions, described the most commonly used pizza toppings at that time as well as the possible origin of calzone:

"The most ordinary pizza, called coll'aglio e l'olio (lit. 'with garlic and oil'), is dressed with oil, and over it is spread, as well as salt, origanum and garlic cloves shredded minutely (optionally). Others can be covered in grated cheese and dressed with lard, and then they put on a few leaves of basil. Over the former is often added (depending on the region) some small seafish; on the latter some thin slices of mozzarella. Sometimes they use slices of prosciutto, tomato, arselle, etc. Sometimes folding the dough over itself to form what is called calzone."

title: Pizza Margherita


text:
Fort Mill Ridge Civil War Trenches

The Fort Mill Ridge Civil War Trenches are battle trenches in West Virginia that were originally dug between 1861 and 1862 to be later used in 1863 for the civil war. These trenches lined with chestnut logs by the Confederate artillery during the American Civil War to defend the approaches to Romney on the Northwestern Turnpike and the South Branch Potomac River. The trenches were then refurbished between March and June 1863 by the 54th Pennsylvania Infantry and the 1st West Virginia Infantry. When Colonel Jacob M. Campbell (54th PVI) garrisoned Union forces at Romney, camps were set up at nearby at Mechanicsburg Gap. The Confederates might have created these trenches but all throughout the war the Union had control of these trenches.

The Fort Mill Ridge trenches are believed to be the best preserved battle trenches dating from the Civil War in existence. The trenches are located three miles southwest of Romney adjacent to the Fort Mill Ridge Wildlife Management Area off of the Northwestern Turnpike (U.S. Route 50/West Virginia Route 28).

This place is significant not only because of the battle that took place but also for the military engineering. The engineering style the Confederates used is an excellent example of a "rammed earth fortification" which protected transportation routes as well. Also, this brought a new era to warfare and a new style of fighting in trenches rather than on an open field. It provided more protection and defense than the offensive strategy of fighting. The defensive method was used so the transports can pass by safely.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

title: Fort Mill Ridge Civil War Trenches


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Polyparadigm/honeycomb

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was ALREADY USERFIED, so I'll remove the cross-namespace redirect. -Splash talk 01:00, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Polyparadigm/honeycomb
Delete. (Possibly speedy?) This appears to be a user subpage mistakenly (assume good faith) posted as an article. The contributor’s user name is Polyparadigm (see article history). ♠DanMS 00:07, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Wait. I've notified User:Polyparadigm, and I'm hoping for a response. Tito xd 00:19, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy or move to correct title, depending on his response. - Mgm|(talk) 08:58, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and/or Userfy Its a new person. Looks like a valid and honest attempt at creating an article. We have to be careful abount nominating these for AfD.... don't want to scare anyone away. Roodog2k (talk) 13:48, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Joaquin Murietta 15:45, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and figure out what its proper name should be. It needs to be moved, not deleted. -- Reinyday, 17:49, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to Composite sandwich panel and delete redirect. -- Reinyday, 18:52, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Wait. According to the creator's userpage, work on this and similar articles is in progress. I would be tempted to move it temporarily, if that's possible, to Composite sandwich panel so as not to lose the information, but I wouldn't want to muck up what this obviously capable user is doing. Denni ☯ 01:34, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry for the late response, everyone. And thanks for the attention...I'm happy to do whatever, even to delete it.  I'll try to "userfy" it myself, now that I (seem to) understand the problem properly.--Joel 20:48, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Golden Gate National Recreation Area

Just wondering - why is Seal Rock listed as an area? It's just a little rock off Ocean Beach. I think it is weird that Seal Rock has an entry but Mori Point doesn't

Improving/Adding Wiki sites for GGNRA
Hi everybody, I'm working to improve the articles for the GGNRA - I added a template and hopefully I'll get sites up for all the park sites.Bkmertz (talk) 21:23, 16 November 2012 (UTC)

According to Wikipedia, Natural burial: Most of the 32-acre (130,000 m2) Fernwood Burial Ground, adjacent to the Golden Gate National Recreation Area in Mill Valley, California, is set aside for natural burial, with no tombstones or caskets. Jan 8 '14 173.225.148.173 (talk) 22:13, 8 January 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zombina and the Skeletones

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  12:45, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Zombina and the Skeletones
Does not meet standard for musical ensemble article inclusion DarbyAsh 00:07, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per nomination. - DarbyAsh 00:07, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete no Allmusic entry. Andrew pmk | Talk 03:55, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete although I personally like the name. Xoloz 08:10, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Do not Delete What standards are not being met? Pan 18:10, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Fails WP:MUSIC --JAranda | yeah 02:00, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Alrighty then. Pan 02:34, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
George Maguire (actor, born 1990)

George Maguire (born 11 December 1990) is an English actor, known for being one of the three original cast members who carried the title role in Billy Elliot the Musical, which earned Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role in a Musical, becoming one of the youngest winners of the award.

Acting career
Maguire performed the role of "Billy" for the opening night performance 12 May 2005, and continued performing until 17 December 2005, when he left the cast. He was replaced by Travis Yates. Together with his two original cast mates James Lomas and Liam Mower, he alternated in the role of Billy, and after leaving, performed again in a first anniversary Gala show of Billy Elliot the Musical on 12 May 2006.

He won, jointly with Lomas and Mower, the Theatre Goers' Choice Award 2006 for The Most Promising Newcomer, as well as - unique in British theatre history - again jointly with his two castmates, the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role in a Musical in 2006. It is partly due to their outstanding performances, that Billy Elliot the Musical has won several awards: The Evening Standard Award 2005, the Critics' Circle Theatre Award 2005, the WhatsOnStage Theatre Goers' Choice Award 2006, and the Laurence Olivier Award 2006, all for best British Musical.

Maguire was featured as a guest on Ready, Steady, Cook (he won the episode against his close friend Leon Cooke who also played Billy Elliot) and in several morning TV shows, TV interviews, and short clips related to the musical. From 2005 to 2008 he worked as a moderator, moderating and supporting several Mardi Gras dance shows of British dance schools - The Stars in the Round at the Royal Albert Hall and The Stars in Your Eyes at Sadler's Wells Theatre, London.

In April 2009 he appeared in the ITV zombie comedy Renaissance (starring Kelly Brook and Alan Dale) - playing Tim, the son of Dale's character. The story told of the making of Renaissance and was part of the ITV drama Moving Wallpaper.

In 2014 he made a cameo appearance in the finale of Billy Elliot the Musical Live.

He became a member of the actors' union Equity as George Maguire, however, another actor of the same name has been working in the West End since 1995, which has led to some confusion on the internet.

title: George Maguire (actor, born 1990)


text: User talk:86.136.55.3

title: User talk:86.136.55.3


text:
Thelymitra

Thelymitra, commonly known as sun orchids, is a genus of more than 100 species of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Unlike most other orchids, sun orchids lack a highly modified labellum and all three petals are similar in size, shape and colour. The column is, however, highly modified and usually has prominent wings or glands which are helpful in identifying the species. Most sun orchids close their flowers at night, in cloudy or cool weather, giving rise to their common name. The scientific name means "woman's hood" and refers to the hooded column present in most, but not all species. Most species are endemic to Australia although some are found as far from there as the Philippines and Indonesia. The type species, Thelymitra longifolia, the first to be formally described, was collected in New Zealand.

Description
Orchids in the genus Thelymitra are terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herbs usually with a few inconspicuous, fine roots and a pair of oval-shaped tubers. A single leaf emerges from near the base of the plant and surrounds the lower part of the flowering stem.

The inflorescence is a raceme with from one to many resupinate flowers with three sepals and three petals all more or less alike in size, shape and ornamentation. (The labellum is not highly modified as in most other orchid genera but is similar to the other two petals.) The sexual parts of the flower are fused to the column which is short and stubby with wings which surround the column, forming a hood-like "mitra". The dorsal part of the mitra is usually ornamented, with a flat midsection and two side arms. The lower part of the mitra forms an unornamented rim below the column. The flowers of most species only open in bright warm sunlight and close at night or during cold or cloudy weather. A few species self pollinate and their reaction to environmental change is not as apparent. The fruit that follows flowering is a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing up to 500 seeds.

Taxonomy and naming
Joseph Banks collected specimens of Thelymitra longifolia on the North Island of New Zealand during Cook's first expedition to the South Pacific but the first formal description of that species was made by Johann Forster and his son Georg during Cook's second expedition to Australia. They made their collections on the South Island of New Zealand. Thelymitra longifolia is therefore the type species.

In 1803, Robert Brown collected T. venosa from Port Jackson and was the first to formally describe it in 1810.

The name "Thelymitra" is derived from the Ancient Greek words thelys meaning "belonging to women" and mitra meaning "headdress" or "turban"  referring to the hooded column.

Distribution and habitat
There are about 100 species distributed in higher rainfall areas of Australia, 15 in New Zealand, 11 of which are endemic, one in New Caledonia, one in East Timor and one in Java and the Philippines. Australian species grow in a range of habitats from swamps to relatively dry sandplains. They are common around granite boulders where they benefit from runoff. The New Zealand species grow in boggy places and on clay banks and T. javanica grows on sparsely vegetated mountain slopes.

Ecology
The particular shape and color of the sun orchids mimics the flowers of lily family (Liliaceae) and the family Goodeniaceae, aiming by deceit for the same insect pollinators. The slender sun orchid (T. pauciflora) only opens for a short time (or not at all) and is self-pollinating. This self-pollination is a successful strategy followed by several other species such as and T. circumsepta, T. graminea , T. holmesii and T. mucida.

Conservation
Several species are considered by the IUCN as endangered (T. epipactoides) or critically endangered (T. gregaria, T. hiemalis and T. × mackibbinii).

Use in horticulture
Thelymitras can be grown in a freely draining, dense mixture with partially composted organic matter. A suitable mixture is an equal mix of 7 mm road screenings, year old composted wood chips and commercial potting mix. It is good practice to cover the surface in pine or she-oak needles to control water loss and to feed the mycorrhizal fungi that support the orchid. Due to the buds only opening in warm weather, it is common practice to induce flowering by using a bank of strong incandescent lights to simulate the warm sun. Some work has gone into growing hybrids for better growing and more colour.

Species
See List of Thelymitra species

title: Thelymitra


text:
Talk:-ic

Removed
The following piece is misleading.

 * -ić (typically replaced by "-ic" in English), pronounced "itch" in Croatian/Bosnian/Serbian, means "son of" or "by" in surnames, for example Milošević.

The actual sussix is "ević" here. Miloš -> Milošević. The issue is more complicated than that. See, e.g., Patronymic. mikka (t) 00:09, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

2007-02-1 Automated pywikipediabot message
--CopyToWiktionaryBot 05:26, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

Clean-up tag
This isn't my area, but this doesn't seem to me to be a disambiguation page. What do other people think? Boleyn3 (talk) 07:58, 9 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Well, there's two distinct meanings here, whereas an article has only one.- (User) Wolfkeeper (Talk) 10:22, 9 July 2009 (UTC)

Yes, but does either use have an article on it or are these just definitions and thus belong only on Wiktionary? As yet, it hardly meets MOS:D, especially 1 blue link per line and no refs. Is it valid as an Etymology article rather than a dab? (I'm not suggesting that it is, as I know little about etymology, I just thought I'd raise the issue.) Thanks for replying so quickly, Boleyn3 (talk) 13:04, 9 July 2009 (UTC)

Kittedup hosted by john goulty
Owned of kitted up hosted by john goulty car showcase and media company we showcase best cars form around the world all one place John goultya ( mc known as i-c (talk) 07:46, 1 April 2017 (UTC)

This is my company I own John goultya ( mc known as i-c (talk) 07:49, 1 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:-ic


text:
Mallet Assembly

The Mallet Assembly (renamed the Druid Collective ) is a living program at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Mallet was established in 1961 by John Blackburn.

The Mallet Assembly took its name from the fact that it was originally housed in a building known as Mallet Hall, which no longer exists. Mallet Hall itself was named for John Mallet, head of the Central Ordnance Laboratory of the Confederate Nitre Bureau. The group occupied Byrd Hall from 1972-2007, then Palmer Hall until 2014, and is now located in Highlands Building C.

The Druid Collective is one of the few self-governing dormitories in the US; much of its internal operation is coordinated by elected student officers. Mallet (not Druid) is listed by the University of Alabama Office of Residential Life as a Special Living-Learning option, and is also a member of the Coordinating Council for Student Organizations (CCSO).

The Assembly was traditionally a men's residence. Although they accepted applications from female students since 1980, women were admitted as "out of dorm" members (although some women Malleteers were able to reside in the building during summer semesters). In 2007, Mallet became a co-ed living option with men and women living in the same building.

In 2011, the 50th anniversary of the Assembly was honored in a resolution of the Alabama House of Representatives.

In Spring 2022, the Mallet Assembly was renamed the Druid Collective (in honor of Tuscaloosa being called Druid City) after many members at the time felt a disconnect with John Mallet, who was a Confederate, and thus they did not feel that his name reflected the organization. This followed a similar trend by the University at large at the time, during which it renamed several buildings in order to "remove racist namesakes from the UA campus."

Notable Mallet alumni include:

 * Mark Childress, author of Crazy in Alabama
 * Alexander Sotirov, computer security researcher

Honorary members include:

 * William Shatner, actor, gave a University-sponsored talk in 2000

title: Mallet Assembly


text:
User talk:TheSpiran

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. - Lucky 6.9 00:11, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Hi again. Please take a look at the Manual of style and What Wikipedia is not to learn how you can best contribute. That "Final Fantasy" entry falls under the category of an original essay, not an article. I'll be glad to help you get started the right way if you'd like. Just leave word on my talk page. Have a great weekend! - Lucky 6.9 02:04, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:TheSpiran


text:
Jeff Ware

Jeff or Geoffrey Ware may refer to:

 * Jeff Ware (baseball) (born 1970), American former Major League Baseball pitcher
 * Jeff Ware (ice hockey) (born 1977), Canadian former National Hockey League defenceman
 * Geoffrey Ware, character in The Silver King

title: Jeff Ware


text:
Wikipedia:Files for deletion/2005 October 1

October 1
all deleted


text:
NMMP

NMMP may refer to:
 * United States Navy Marine Mammal Program
 * New Mexico Mounted Patrol

title: NMMP


text: User talk:84.67.244.94

title: User talk:84.67.244.94


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nannan

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 13:36, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Nannan
This dicdef has already been transwikied to Wiktionary and can never grow beyond a dicdef. Delete. Angr/undefined 00:14, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unexpandable dictionary definition. --best, kevin · · · Kzollman | Talk · · · 01:34, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Cnwb 03:08, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unexpandable dicdef, already transwikied. Andrew pmk | Talk 03:15, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nannan


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/OGS

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus. This doesn't preclude a merge. · Katefan0(scribble) 19:23, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

OGS
Acronym + advertisment ≈ jossi ≈ 00:14, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- ( ☺ drini ♫ | ☎ ) 00:16, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Just a comment...what is it advertising? It's an important scholarship if you're a grad student at a university in Ontario. So I guess it is of limited appeal, but that does cover thousands or tens of thousands of people. (I don't know about everyone else, but I have to go through the tedious process of applying for one every year...) Adam Bishop 00:20, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge but DO NOT Redirect with Ontario. "OGS" is a common acronym for "Office of Graduate Studies" or some such thing at many universities.  --best, kevin  · · · Kzollman | Talk · · · 01:36, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * A complete merge requires the article to be redirected. If the title is inappropriate, please move it to a more appropriate one before the merge. - Mgm|(talk) 08:59, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Can you merge and then make OGS a disambig page that refers to the common use of the acronym? Otherwise I suggest a move and merge with OSAP. --best, kevin  · · · Kzollman | Talk · · · 15:22, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep per Adam Bishop. Needs to be cleaned up and expanded. --[[Image:Ottawa flag.png|20px]] Spinboy 03:14, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into a larger article about graduate scholarships in Ontario and how to apply for them, and so forth. This way we don't have an article on every scholarship. --[[Image:Ottawa flag.png|20px]] Spinboy 03:19, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It could be merged with the OSAP article. (I don't think it would be necessary to have a page about graduate scholarships in general...) Adam Bishop 05:13, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable scholarship (there are lots of them, and they are not notable enough to merge with Ontario (a general page covering a province with ~11.5 million people). Andrew pmk | Talk 03:20, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as per Spinboy into OSAP as per Adam Bishop, and DO NOT merge into Ontario. Completely inappropriate suggestion, that. Bearcat 03:24, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN --Rogerd 08:27, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. We don't need an article about every funding source.  Dottore So 17:58, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, at its new name and turn OGS into a disambig. - SimonP 01:44, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. What makes this scholarship notable and encylopedic?  I did not see anything in that article or OSAP.  Maybe this information could be included somewhere but do they really need articles?  Category:Financial aid is not very large, but what's there are major scholarships.  Vegaswikian 06:06, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/OGS


text:
Talk:Quirin Case

The last section in the Quirin entry (given below) is highly argumentative, assumes the guilt of a group of people who appear to have been denied due process of law. It also passes a blanket judgement on all of them. It is a statement of opinion, not fact, and touches on a highly contentious issue. It doesn't belong in Wikipedia.

"Quirin has been used as a basis for the execution of any non-legimate combatant against the United States of America. In particular those held in Guantanamo Bay facility should be executed, as they are also war criminals, and as evil as the nazis captured in 1942." ---

title: Talk:Quirin Case


text:
User talk:Papegueye7

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Sherool 00:16, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Image Tagging Image:Andre racicot.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Andre racicot.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag, so its copyright status is therefore unclear. Please add a tag to let us know its copyright status. (If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use  .)  See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have tagged them, too. Note that any unsourced and untagged imaged will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thanks so much. --Sherool 00:16, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Papegueye7


text:
Talk:Ky-Mani Marley

ME
KY-MANI MARLEY IS MINES....;_; SUGAMOMMA —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.91.117.73 (talk) 06:02, 6 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Think kymani is absolutely amazing xxxx 2A00:23EE:1508:2798:30C2:32CD:4BBC:FFC6 (talk) 04:34, 9 August 2023 (UTC)

Hip Hop
A lot of his songs have more of a hip-hop sound than reggae, in that reggae uses an up-beat or off-beat rhythm, and some of his songs use the standard down-beat rhythm. --Billy Nair (talk) 00:37, 1 June 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ky-Mani Marley


text:
Fontina

Fontina (French: fontine ) is a cow's milk cheese, first produced in Italy. Over time, production of Fontina has spread worldwide, including to the United States, Denmark, Sweden, Canada, France and Argentina.

Description
Fontina is a cheese that is semisoft to hard in texture and mild to medium-sharp in flavor. It has a milk fat content around 45%. The characteristic flavor of Fontina is creamy and mild but distinctively savoury and nutty, the nuttiness increasing with aging. Fontinas from Sweden, Denmark, and the United States have milder flavour, softer texture, and more holes than those of Italy.

Fontina cheese has been made in the Aosta Valley, in the Alps, since the 12th century. Fontina produced in the EU can be identified by a Consorzio (Consortium) stamp of the Matterhorn including the script "FONTINA".

As with many other varieties, the name "fontina" has derivatives such as "fontinella", "fontal", and "fontella". Although the version from the Aosta Valley is the original and the most famous, a derivative production occurs in other parts of Italy, as well as in Denmark, Sweden, Quebec, France, Argentina, and the United States. The Swedish and Danish versions are often found in US grocery stores, and can be distinguished from Aostan fontina by their red wax rind (also prevalent in Argentine fontina).

Fontina produced in the Aosta Valley must be made from unpasteurized milk from a single milking, with two batches being made per day. The original fontina cheese from the Aosta Valley is fairly pungent and has quite an intense flavor, although fontina-like labeled cheeses that are produced in other countries can be much milder. Aostan fontina has a natural rind due to aging, which is usually tan to orange-brown. The interior of the cheese is pale cream in color and riddled with holes known as "eyes". It is noted for its earthy, mushroomy, and woody taste, and pairs exceptionally well with roast meats and truffles. Mature fontina is a hard cheese, and melts well.

Protected designation of origin
Fontina cheese sold in the EU can be identified by a Consorzio ("Consortium") stamp of the Matterhorn including the script "FONTINA". Cheese produced in the Aosta Valley has a protected designation of origin (DOP) with regulations that the cheese must be made from unpasteurized milk from a single milking, of a Valdostana breed of cow, with two batches being made per day.

Recipes
Young fontina has a softer texture and can be suitable for fondue. Fonduta alla valdostana (in Italian) or Fondue à la valdôtaine (in French) is a traditional dish of fontina whipped with milk, eggs, and truffles.

A good pairing is Nebbiolo, a red wine with flavors of wild cherry and truffles.

Generic nature of Fontina
In 1986, the U.S. Trademark Trial and Appeal Board ruled that "fontina" was the generic name of a type of cheese "rather than a certification mark indicating regional origin, in view of the fact that non-certified producers outside that region use the term to identify non-certified cheeses". Today, fontina is produced in countries around the world, including the United States, Denmark, Sweden, Quebec, France and Argentina.

title: Fontina


text: User talk:81.151.158.102

title: User talk:81.151.158.102


text:
TTB

TTB may refer to the following:

 * Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
 * Ticking time bomb scenario
 * Tooele Transcript-Bulletin
 * Tortolì Airport
 * Twin Traction Beam
 * Türk Ticaret Bankası, a defunct Turkish bank
 * Telegraphic transfer buying rate, an exchange rate convention in Japan
 * Top to bottom, a group of writing systems

 * Music
 * The Trinity Band, an English soul quintet formed in 2004
 * Trigger the Bloodshed, an English music group formed in 2006
 * Tedeschi Trucks Band, a blues group from Florida

 * Television
 * Time Traveling Bong a miniseries that aired on Comedy Central

title: TTB


text: User talk:130.79.229.160

title: User talk:130.79.229.160


text:
User talk:Boredtodeath

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Sherool 00:19, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
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 * How to edit a page
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title: User talk:Boredtodeath


text:
User:Jazcurra~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! ≈ jossi ≈ 00:19, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
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Por favor, no escribas articulos en español. Para eso ve a http://es.wikipedia.org/ gracias. ≈ jossi ≈ 00:19, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Jazcurra~enwiki


text:
Yodok concentration camp

Yodok concentration camp was a kwalliso in North Korea. The official name was Kwan-li-so (penal labour colony) No. 15. The camp was used to segregate those seen as enemies of the state, punish them for political misdemeanors, and put them to hard labour. It was closed down in 2014.

Location
Yodok camp was about 110 km northeast of Pyongyang. It was located in Yodok County, South Hamgyong Province, stretching into the valley of the Ipsok River, surrounded by mountains: Paek-san 1742 m to the north, Modo-san 1833 m to the northwest, Tok-san 1250 m to the west, and Byeongpung-san 1152 m to the south. The entrance to the valley is the 1250 m Chaebong Pass to the east. The streams from the valleys of these mountains form the Ipsok River, which flows downstream into the Yonghung River and eventually into the sea near Wonsan city.

Description
Yodok camp had two parts: In the 1990s, the total control zone had an estimated 30,000 prisoners while the smaller revolutionary zone had about 16,500 prisoners; later satellite images, however, indicate a significant increase in the camp's scale. Most prisoners were deported to Yodok without trial, or following unfair trials, on the basis of confessions obtained through torture. People were often imprisoned together with family members and close relatives, including small children and the elderly, based on guilt by association (Sippenhaft).
 * The total control zone (Chosŏn'gŭl: 완전통제구역), with the prison labour colonies Pyongchang-ri and Yongpyong-ri, was for people who authorities believed had committed crimes against the regime or whom had been denounced as politically unreliable (e.g. returnees from Japan or Christians). These prisoners were usually never released (unless they had relatives in Japan, in which case they were released after 10 years). The Christian mission organisation Open Doors estimated 6,000 Christians to be held in the camp.
 * The revolutionary zone (Chosŏn'gŭl: 혁명화대상구역), with reeducation camps Ipsok-ri, Kuup-ri and Daesuk-ri, was to punish people for less serious political crimes (e.g. illegally leaving the country, listening to South Korean broadcasts, or criticising government policy). These prisoners were eventually released after serving their sentences.

The camp was around 378 km2 in area. It was surrounded by a barbed-wire fence 3 – tall and walls with electric wire and watchtowers at regular intervals. The camp was patrolled by 1,000 guards with automatic rifles and guard dogs.

Living conditions
The prisoners lived in dusty huts with walls made of dried mud, a roof (rotten and leaking) made of straw laid on wooden planks, and a floor covered with straw and dry plant mats. In a room of around 50 m2, 30–40 prisoners slept on a bed made of a wooden board covered with a blanket. Most huts were not heated, even in winter, where temperatures are below -20 °C, and most prisoners got frostbite and had swollen limbs during the winter. Camp inmates also suffered from pneumonia, tuberculosis, pellagra, and other diseases, with no available medical treatment.

New prisoners received clothes that predecessors had worn until their deaths. Most clothes were dirty, worn-out, and full of holes. Prisoners had no proper shoes, socks, or gloves, and usually no spare clothes. The dead were buried naked because their possessions were taken by other prisoners. All prisoners were covered with a thick layer of dirt, as they were overworked and had almost no opportunity to wash themselves or their clothes. As a result, the prisoners’ huts were foul-smelling and infested with lice, fleas, and other insects. Prisoners had to queue in front of dirty community toilets, one for every 200 prisoners, using dry leaves for cleaning.

The camp guards made prisoners report on each other and designate specific ones as foremen to control a group. If one person did not work hard enough, the whole group was punished. This created animosity among the detainees, destroyed any solidarity, and forced them to create a system of self-surveillance.

Slave labour
Men, women, and children performed hard labour seven days a week and were treated as slaves. Labour operations included a gypsum quarry and a gold mine, textile plants, distilleries, a coppersmith workshop, agriculture, and logging. Serious work accidents often occurred.

Work shifts in summer started at 4 a.m. and ended at 8 p.m. Work shifts in other seasons started at 5:30 a.m., but were often extended past 8 p.m. when work quotas were not met, even when dark. After dinner, prisoners were required to attend ideological re-education and struggle sessions from 9 to 11 p.m., where inmates who did not meet the targets were severely criticized and beaten. If prisoners could not memorize the teachings of Kim Il-sung, they were not allowed to sleep, or their food rations were reduced.

Most of the primary school children attended school in the morning. The main subject was the history of the revolution of Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il. In the afternoon they carried out hard labour with very high work quotas in terms of amount and intensity. Children were beaten with a stick for failure to meet the day's quota. Primary school children had to carry heavy logs 12 times a day over 4 km or dung buckets of 30 kg 30 times a day. Other children's work involved collecting 20 kg of plants in the mountains or cultivating 130 – of field. Sometimes children died in work accidents. Older children had to work all day and from age of 16, were assigned the same work quotas as adults.

Malnutrition
Prisoners were constantly kept on the verge of starvation. The daily rations for prisoners were between 100 and 200 g of corn boiled into gruel, served three times a day. Depending on the agricultural produce of the year, rations could be less. If prisoners did not finish their daily work quota or violate minor rules, the daily rations were reduced or temporarily discontinued, no matter if they were sick, crippled, or disabled. Prisoners killed and ate whatever wild animals they could catch, including rats, snakes, frogs, salamanders, worms, and insects, though they were severely punished if seen doing so by the guards. To avoid being detected, they mostly ate the meat raw, often without removing the skin. These wild animals were the only source of fat, as the food rations completely lack meat and plant oil. In particular, eating these animals helps to reduce pellagra caused by the lack of protein and niacin. Some prisoners sneaked into the pigsties and stole pig slops or picked undigested corn kernels out of animal feces in order to survive.

Lee Young-kuk estimates that at the end of the 1990s, around 20% of prisoners in Daesuk-ri died from malnutrition each year, with new prisoners arriving each month. All former prisoners say they frequently saw people dying.

Torture
The following torture methods are described in testimonies of former prisoners: Prisoners were completely at the guards’ mercy; guards could abuse them without restraint. Former prisoners witnessed a man being tied by the neck to a vehicle and dragged for long distances and a primary school child being beaten and kicked hard on his head. In both cases, the prisoners died soon after.
 * "Pigeon torture": The prisoner's arms were tied behind their back, their legs tied together, and they were hung from the ceiling for several days.
 * Forced water ingestion: The prisoner was strapped to a table and forced to drink large amounts of water. Guards then jumped on a board laid on the swollen stomach to force the water out.
 * Immersion in water: A plastic bag was placed over the prisoner's head and they were submerged in water for long periods of time.
 * Beatings: Prisoners were beaten every day if work quotas were not met, if they did not kneel down quickly enough before the guards, or just for the sake of humiliation. Prisoners often became disabled or died from the beatings. Even children were severely beaten and tormented.

Executions
Prisoners released from Yodok were forced to abide by a written oath with a hand stamp. The pledge read: "I will face execution if I reveal the secrets of Yodok."

A common method of killing singled-out prisoners was to assign them an impossible workload. When the work was not finished, the prisoner's food rations were reduced as punishment. Eventually, the combination of heavy work and less food led to death by starvation.

Prisoners who violated camp rules (e.g. steal food or attempt to escape) were usually executed in public (barring those already shot). Summary executions took place in front of assembled prisoners several times each year; and every former prisoner testifies to having witnessed them. Before the execution, the prisoners were tortured and denied food. Those forced to watch the execution often could not endure the scene without protest and were killed as well.

Abuse and forced abortions
Women in the camp were completely unprotected against sexual assaults by the guards. Prisoners were often ordered to strip naked to be beaten and harassed, and a former prisoner said that it was routine for guards to sexually abuse female prisoners. The women sometimes died after being raped. Pregnant women were usually given forced abortions.

Demand for closure
Amnesty International summarized the human rights situation in Yodok camp: "Men, women and children in the camp face forced hard labour, inadequate food, beatings, totally inadequate medical care and unhygienic living conditions. Many fall ill while in prison, and a large number die in custody or soon after release." The organization demands the immediate closure of Yodok and all other political prison camps in North Korea. The demand was supported by the International Coalition to Stop Crimes against Humanity in North Korea, a coalition of over 40 human rights organizations. As of 2014, the camp has been emptied and overhauled.

In 2018, North Korean Economy Watch, an affiliate of 38 North, posited that the prisoners had been moved to a mine farther south, at the Kowon mine.

Prisoners (witnesses)

 * Kang Chol-hwan (in Yodok 1977–1987) was imprisoned as a 9-year-old child because his family returned from Japan and was considered politically unreliable.
 * An Hyuk (in Yodok 1987–1989) was imprisoned at the age of 18 because he illegally left North Korea.
 * Kim Tae-jin (in Yodok 1988–1992) was imprisoned for alleged espionage after he spent 18 months in China illegally and converted to Christianity. Since camp rules prohibited gatherings of at least three people, Kim said he was tortured after he attempted to hold a meeting with other religious prisoners.
 * Lee Young-kuk (in Yodok 1995–1999), former bodyguard of Kim Jong-il, was kidnapped from China and imprisoned because he illegally left North Korea and criticized the country.
 * Kim Eun-cheol (in Yodok 2000–2003) was imprisoned at the age of 19 because he illegally left North Korea. He was part of a group of seven refugees returned by the Russia n regime under Putin's rule to China, which in turn handed them over back to North Korea; the United Nations granted them refugee status but failed to protect them.
 * South Korean citizens Shin Suk-ja and her daughters Oh Hae-won and Oh Kyu-won (in Yodok since 1987, when the daughters were ages 9 and 11) were imprisoned because her husband Oh Kil-nam did not return from a stay abroad. The family had been lured from Germany on North Korean agents’ false promises two years prior. Kang Chol-hwan and An Hyuk testified to meeting Shin Suk-ja during their imprisonments.
 * South Korean citizen Jeong Sang-un (in Yodok since 2010) is an unrepatriated Korean War prisoner and was imprisoned at age 84 for illegally leaving North Korea.
 * Kim Young-soon (in Yodok 1970–1979) was born in 1937 in Shenyang, Manchuria (China). She was a student of famed Korean dancer Choi Seung-hee, and was for a time a member of Pyongyang's elite. After Choi and her husband were purged in 1967, Kim continued to dance, but in 1970 she was imprisoned in Yodok without being informed as to why. She was released in 1979, and only long after being released learned why she had been imprisoned in the first place. She had once been best friends with Song Hye-rim, one of Kim Jong-il's lovers, and knowing about the relationship was presumably the reason for her internment. Kim Jong-il and Song Hye-rim's son, Kim Jong-nam, was later assassinated by North Korean hitmen in 2017. Kim Young-soon's mother and father both died of starvation while imprisoned in the camp with her. After enduring many horrifying incidents within the camp, including the deaths of her parents, she was released and spent the next 19 years living on the fringes of society. She escaped from North Korea to China in 2001 and arrived in South Korea in 2003. One of her sons died in Yodok while young; another was shot trying to escape to China in 1989, and one was recaptured several times before finally succeeding.

In popular culture

 * In 2001, Kang Chol-hwan wrote a non-fiction book The Aquariums of Pyongyang describing his childhood in Yodok camp.
 * In 2006, Jung Sung-san, a North Korean defector, directed the musical Yoduk Story about Yodok camp.
 * In 2008, Andrzej Fidyk made the film Yodok Stories about life in Yodok camp based on the musical and on witness accounts. North Korean refugees act in the film.
 * In 2014, David Baldacci wrote the book The Target about a North Korean assassin from Yodok Camp.

title: Yodok concentration camp


text:
Hi, Mom

Hi, Mom may refer to:

 * Hi Mom, a (1957–1960) local morning children's television show which aired on WRCA-TV (WNBC) in New York City, starring Shari Lewis
 * Hi, Mom!, 1970 American film
 * Hi, Mom (2021 film), 2021 Chinese film

title: Hi, Mom


text:
Talk:Further education

Reclassified as Public sector by ONS
The ONS has just reclassified FE provision in England as "Central govt sector" which in effective means it says for accounting and monitoring purposes they are in the public sector. Cameron Scott (talk) 10:01, 29 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Further education


text:
User talk:Nlarch1

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Sherool 00:22, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
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Image Tagging Image:Sciencespo.jpg
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 * Please include sources and copyright information with any images you upload or have already uploaded. Images lacking this information may be deleted from Wikipedia in the future. Thank you for your attention to this important matter. -- Infrogmation 21:04, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

re: Fawzia Latifa
Dude, you can't just write "totally decayed family" and stuff like that in a Wikipedia article. This person doesn't seem very notable -- as you said she's not even rich, and um I don't think the Egyptian monarchy is going to be coming back -- so why pick on her and talk about how she messed up in school and stuff. Herostratus 11:33, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Legal systems.PNG)
Thanks for uploading Image:Legal systems.PNG. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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title: User talk:Nlarch1


text:
User:Lithuanian mafia

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. ≈ jossi ≈ 00:22, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Pleasde do not copy and paste from other websites. That is a copyright violation. Thanks. ≈ jossi ≈ 00:22, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Lithuanian mafia