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SOS Racisme

SOS Rascime is a movement of NGOs which describe themselves as anti-racist. The oldest chapter of SOS Racisme was founded in 1984 in France, and it has counterparts in several other European countries or regions. Its Norwegian branch, which claimed to be both the largest chapter of SOS Racisme and the largest anti-racist organisation in Europe, was controversial for its strong Maoist stance and for defrauding the government, resulting in the organisation's conviction for fraud and its bankruptcy as well as criminal proceedings against its leaders.

Activities
SOS Racisme's stated goal is to fight racial discrimination. Often the plaintiff in discrimination trials, the organization also offers support to immigrants and racial minorities that are facing discrimination. It is also heavily involved in protesting and publicising examples of discrimination in society and in the law.

SOS Racisme uses testing as a method to expose racial discrimination by finding where racial double standards may exist. For example, two identical work applications might be submitted to a prospective employer, with the only difference being the name of the applicants. One with a name of French origin, the other with a name suggestive of an immigrant. Other testings could take place at a realty office, where two people whose only difference is race would both look for housing, etc.. This tactic has led to numerous lawsuits for racial discrimination, especially against nightclubs.

History
SOS Racisme was created one year after the March for Equality and Against Racism, considered to be the first national anti-racist movement in France, which took place in 1983. Most participants were young people from North African immigration, who protested against racist crimes. In 1984, a second march was organised, led by Farida Belghoul. That same year, the socialist government helped to create SOS Racisme, a more moderate anti-racist organisation, without the main leaders of the two marches, who denounced a "hijacking" of the movement by the Socialist Party. The UEJF, a Jewish student organisation, also played an important part in the creation of SOS Racisme.

The guiding principle of the association, brotherhood, is represented by the yellow hand logo upon which is written Touche pas à mon pote. This slogan, which means "Hands off my pal!", was adopted upon the creation of the organization in October 1984. SOS Racisme benefitted from open support from the PS in the 1980s, and many members of SOS Racisme became high-level PS politicians: Harlem Désir, president of SOS Racisme from 1984 to 1992, is today a Member of the European Parliament for the PS; Fodé Sylla, president of SOS Racisme from 1992 to 1999 was at that time a member of the PS (and later a Member of the European Parliament for the Communist Party, PCF); his successor, Malek Boutih, was national secretary of the PS in charge of social issues (including immigration-related issues); another president of SOS Racisme,, started political activism in the UNEF-ID socialist student trade-union, before taking membership in the youth organisation of the PS.

SOS Racisme believes that, to put an end to racial discrimination, changes must be made to methods of urban planning and to education. Since the early 1990s, it has denounced the ghettos that are on the outskirts of big cities. The association advocates integration, and often cites examples of successful immigrants or their descendants.

At the turn of the century, SOS Racisme declared support for the Israeli–Palestinian peace process that was interrupted by the Second Intifada. It also denounced a resurgence of antisemitism in a book jointly published in 2002 with the UEJF, a Jewish student organization. Since then, the two organizations have continued to collaborate. Their Rire contre le racisme event (Laughing against racism) is held annually since 2004 at the Zenith concert hall in Paris, where it has featured performances by comedians such as Michel Boujenah, Dany Boon, Jean-Marie Bigard and Gad Elmaleh. In 2003, they also founded a joint student association called FEDER (Fédération des Enfants de la République) which runs for office in university elections.

In February 2006, during the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy, SOS Racisme organized public meetings to defend their publication.

Bankruptcy and criminal proceedings against Norwegian branch
Its Norwegian branch SOS Rasisme was by far the largest chapter of SOS Racisme and claimed to have 40,000 members and 270 local branches. SOS Rasisme was closely affiliated with and largely controlled by the Workers' Communist Party and later by the Maoist party Serve the People – The Communist League (the Marxist-Leninist-Maoist faction which split from the Workers' Communist Party in 1997 as a result of an internal conflict),  and was widely described as a front organization for those communist parties. SOS Rasisme went bankrupt in 2013 after being convicted of defrauding the government by exaggerating its membership, and 8 of its leaders, including its last President and its last Secretary-General, were indicted for fraud, embezzlement and money laundering in 2015  and subsequently convicted and sentenced to prison in 2016. SOS Rasisme faced strong criticism from the media in Norway and from all mainstream political parties over several years due to its dominance by Maoists, and SOS Racisme has been widely considered politically extreme in Norway and was shunned by some other anti-racist organisations.

Presidents of French chapter

 * Harlem Désir, 1984–92
 * Fodé Sylla, 1992–99
 * Malek Boutih, 1999–2003
 * Dominique Sopo, 2003–2012
 * Cindy Leoni, 2012–2014
 * Dominique Sopo, 2014–present

National chapters

 * SOS Racisme Switzerland
 * SOS Racisme Catalunya
 * SOS Rassismus - AktionCourage e.V. Germany
 * SOS Racismo Portugal
 * SOS Racisme Denmark
 * SOS Razzismo Italy
 * SOS Rasisme Norway (went bankrupt in 2013 after its conviction for fraud)
 * SOS Mitmensch Austria
 * SOS Racismo España https://sosracismo.eu/  (includes several offices in the North of Spain and publishes an annual summary of the state of racism in Spain and Europe: https://sosracismo.eu/informe-sos-racismo/)

title: SOS Racisme


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Talk:Greg Lindsay

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title: Talk:Greg Lindsay


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Rowland Hill (preacher)

Rowland Hill A.M. (23 August 1745 – 11 April 1833) was a popular English preacher, enthusiastic evangelical and an influential advocate of smallpox vaccination. He was founder and resident pastor of a wholly independent chapel, the Surrey Chapel, London; chairman of the Religious Tract Society; and a keen supporter of the British and Foreign Bible Society and the London Missionary Society. The famous instigator of penny postage, Rowland Hill, is said to have been christened 'Rowland' after him.

Early life
Rowland Hill was born at Hawkstone Park (11 miles from Shrewsbury), Shropshire, 23 August 1745, the sixth son of Sir Rowland Hill, 1st Baronet (died 1783), he was educated at Shrewsbury School, Eton College and at St John's College, Cambridge (B.A., 1769), where he came under the influence of the Methodists. For preaching in the open air in and around Cambridge without a license, Rowland Hill was opposed by the authorities and frequently assaulted by mobs. Finally, in 1773, after he had been refused ordination into the Church of England by six bishops, he was ordained by the bishop of Bath and Wells and offered the curacy of Kingston in Somerset, but was subsequently denied priest's orders and continued his vocation as an independent or nonconformist. In 1773 he married Mary Tudway.

Surrey Chapel
Having come into an inheritance through the death of his wealthy father, Sir Rowland Hill, he built his own free chapel, Surrey Chapel, in Blackfriars Road, London, which opened in 1783. The chapel's trust deed ensured it would not subscribe formally to the theological standpoint of any particular denomination. Despite Hill's own Calvinistic Methodist leanings, and a funding contribution towards his chapel from Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, the chapel was not a formal part of the Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion. Instead, it operated a relatively open door policy, attracting preachers from a wide range of denominations whilst also providing substantial facilities for non-religious meetings, and was operated by a Congregational form of management. Nonetheless, Hill provided the 'anchor' and personally preached to immense audiences when he was in London. During the summer months he would visit other parts of the country, preaching in Scotland and Ireland as well as England and Wales, frequently attracting large crowds.

Many benevolent institutions were established at the chapel or in the nearby district, including early Sunday schools. Enrollment in the latter steadily increased under Hill's successors, James Sherman and Christopher Newman Hall, reaching over 3,000 children by the 1860s. Hill was also one of the founders, and chairman, of the Religious Tract Society; and an active promoter of the interests of the British and Foreign Bible Society and the London Missionary Society.

Smallpox vaccination
Hill was on close terms with Edward Jenner, the pioneer of smallpox vaccination, and promoted his own plans to inoculate the congregations he visited or preached to. He published a tract on the subject in 1806 at a time when many medical men refused to sanction it. Later he became a member of the Royal Jennerian Society, which was established once the practice became accepted in Britain, India, the US and elsewhere. John C. Lettsome, an eminent Quaker physician of the day wrote to Hill commenting:

''You have done more good than you imagine; ''and for everyone you may have saved by your actual operation, ''you have saved ten by your example; ''and perhaps, next to Jenner, ''have been the means of saving more lives than any other individual.

Death and legacy

Hill died in London on 11 April 1833 and was initially buried below his pulpit at the Surrey Chapel. He was succeeded at Surrey Chapel by James Sherman, whose tenure later passed to Christopher Newman Hall. Under Newman Hall, Hill's coffin was removed from Surrey Chapel and laid to rest at the Lincoln Memorial Tower, Westminster Bridge Road – part of a complex of Congregational buildings that included a new premises for the meeting hall named Hawkstone Hall which had been founded by James Sherman in memory of Hill and his birthplace.

Hill's pulpit was also removed from Surrey Chapel when the congregation moved to Christ Church, Lambeth, and in later years a bronze plaque was affixed by Frederick Brotherton Meyer commemorating Hill and his successor. Christ Church was bombed during the Second World War, and the memorial plaque salvaged, to be re-erected in 1959 in the replacement building for Christ Church which stands today.

A portrait of Hill (Reference NPG 5397) by Samuel Mountjoy Smith in 1828 hangs in the National Portrait Gallery, London.

A Southwark Council housing block Rowland Hill House(1955) was named after Hill, whose Surrey Chapel was opposite the site.

Published works

 * Hill, Rowland (1800). Extract from a Journal of a second Tour from London: The Highlands of Scotland and North-western parts of England. London: A. Paris
 * Hill, Rowland (1801; 34th ed. 1839). Village Dialogues. London

title: Rowland Hill (preacher)


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User:Ze miguel

Personal interests

 * LAMP Programming, Perl, Linux, Open source
 * the Go board game, trance and hard trance music (Best Radio Ever: Digitally Imported)
 * Left-Wing politics, Military History

Maintenance

 * 20 October 2005: Started cleaning up Special:Newpages
 * 20 October 2005: Writing some Javascript (User:Ze_miguel/monobook.js) to speed up New pages tagging
 * 10 November 2005: Doing categorization - a huge task

Articles I've modified substantially

 * Cubana Flight 455, Bogdanov Affair, Manfred Gnadinger, Relativity (M. C. Escher), Pardus (game), USS Orvetta (IX-157), Treaty of Balta Liman, Battle of Fort Ligonier, White flag, Clarence Ray Allen, 2005 in France, Little Boy

Categories I've worked on
Category:Communist parties in Europe, Category:Communist parties in the Americas, Category:French Resistance members, Category:French people, Category:Execution methods, Category:Institut de France, Category:Prisoners and detainees, Category:Images by source, Category:People buried at the Panthéon

Misc

 * Proud member of the Wikipedia Harmonious editing club.
 * My user page has been vandalized 5 times.
 * Reached 1000 edits on 29 Nov 2005.
 * Member of the French Collaboration Project

title: User:Ze miguel


text: User talk:203.124.2.7

title: User talk:203.124.2.7


text: User talk:192.87.54.3

title: User talk:192.87.54.3


text:
Category:Wire gauges

 * See also, a chart comparing all known wire gauges to each other.

title: Category:Wire gauges


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Khaankhre Sobekhotep

Khaankhre Sobekhotep was a pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. His chronological position is much debated. In literature, Khaankhre Sobekhotep is known as Sobekhotep I. However, he is now believed to be Sobekhotep II or Sobekhotep IV (in some newer studies).

Attestations
At Abydos, Khaankhre Sobekhotep is attested by a relief from a chapel. Of Unknown Provenance, is a fragment of an inscribed column. His name Khaankhre Sobekhotep also appears on a granite statue pedestal.

Non-contemporary attestations
The Karnak king list preserves his prenomen Khaankhre. This list of kings was made during the reign of Thutmose III.

The Turin canon 6:15 preserves the nomen Sobek[hote]pre. The addition of -re may be a scribal error, as the correct entry would be Sobekhotep. This list of kings was made during the reign of Ramesses II. Khaankhre Sobekhotep is often associated with this entry, but it is not certain. The nomen Sobekhotep can refer to any king using this nomen, for instance Sobekhotep I. This part of the king list is also so fragmentary and uncertain that its hard to interpret. Other king lists, like the Abydos King List simply omitted all rulers between Amenemhat IV and Ahmose I - perhaps because they were minor kings who only controlled some estates or parts of the country in competition with other claimants.

Theories
While Khaankhre Sobekhotep is regarded as a ruler of the 13th Dynasty, his chronological position is debated.

His reign was most likely short. Ryholt has suggested three to four-and-a-half years.

According to egyptologists Kim Ryholt and Darrell Baker, Khaankhre Sobekhotep was the 13th pharaoh of the dynasty and had a short reign ca. 1735 BC. Alternatively, Jürgen von Beckerath sees him as the 16th pharaoh of the dynasty.

Ryholt mentions that Sobekhotep I may be identical with Sobekhotep II, who is only mentioned as Sobekhotep in the Turin King List. Others, like Dodson, consider Khaankhre Sobekhotep II and Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep I to be two different rulers from the 13th Dynasty, while Bierbrier lists Khaankhre Sobekhotep I and Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep II.

Recently Simon Connor and Julien Siesse investigated the style of the king's monument and argue that he reigned much later than previously thought (after Sobekhotep IV – who would become Sobekhotep III).

title: Khaankhre Sobekhotep


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Steelyard

The Steelyard, from the Middle Low German Stâlhof (sample yard), was the kontor of the Hanseatic League in London, and their main trading base in England, between the 13th and 16th centuries. The main goods that the League exported from London were wool and from the 14th century woollen cloths. An important import good was beeswax. The kontor tended to be dominated by Rhenish and Westphalian traders, especially from Cologne.

The Steelyard was not the only Hanseatic trading post in England. There were a number of Hanseatic factories on the English east coast, like the remaining Hanseatic warehouse in King's Lynn, Norfolk.

Name
The name seems to indicate the practice of tagging samples (stalen) of inspected wool with a seal.

In Charles Kingsford's commentary on John Stow A Survey of London (1598 edition) the Middle Low German name Stâlhof is the older usage, appearing as early as 1320. Kingsford traces the first reference to it as the Steelyard to 1382. In 1394 an English merchant writing from Danzig has: In civitate Londonia[...]in Curia Calibis: "In the city of London[...]at the court of steel" (chalybs). Kingsford concludes that Steelyard is a mistaken translation of Stâlhof.

The kontor was also called the Esterlinghall ("Easterling hall") in Middle English, in 1340 for the first time.

Location
The Steelyard was located on the north bank of the Thames by the outflow of the Walbrook, in the Dowgate ward of the City of London. The site is bounded by Cousin Lane on the west, Upper Thames Street on the north, and Allhallows Lane on the east, an area of 5,250 m2 or 1.3 acres. It is now covered by Cannon Street station and commemorated in the names of Steelyard Passage and Hanseatic Walk. The Steelyard, like other Hansa stations, was a separate walled community with its own warehouses on the river, its own weigh house, chapel, counting houses, a guildhall, cloth halls, wine cellars, kitchens, and residential quarters. The kontor could be accessed by sea-going ships.

As a church the Germans used former All-Hallows-the-Great, since there was only a small chapel on their own premises.

In 1988 remains of the former Hanseatic kontor, once the largest medieval trading complex in Britain, were uncovered by archaeologists during maintenance work on Cannon Street Station.

History
Merchants from Cologne bought a building at the corner of Thames Street and Cousin Lane in the 1170s, though they seem to have used it as early as 1157, and it became known as the "Germans' Guildhall" (Gildahalda teutonicorum). Henry II of England granted very extensive privileges to traders from Cologne in 1175/76 in an attempt to limit the power of Flemish merchants who then controlled the English wool trade. This group from Cologne effectively controlled the trade of Rhine wine and acquired a building called the gildhalla from then on too. They are alluded to in the De itinere navali, an account of crusaders from Lübeck for whom the Kontor arranged the purchase of a replacement cog in the summer of 1189. The privileges of the Guildhall existed alongside individual cities' privileges. Low German traders from the area around the Baltic Sea appeared in England too around this time, but they directed their trade more at English towns up north.

Hanseatic kontor
The merchant communities from Westphalia and the Rhineland and from the Baltic formed a joint venture by the mid 13th century. They took over the hegemony in the trade with England from the Flemings later in the century and even began to get involved in the export of English wool to Flanders.

The first mention of a Hansa Almaniae (a "German Hansa") in English records is in 1282, concerning merely the community of the London trading post. This was a union of town merchant guilds (hanses) from Cologne, or the Rhineland, and Lübeck and Hamburg. It was maybe more the result of government pressure from London and the English king than a free decision. The settlement was only later made official as the Steelyard and confirmed in tax and customs concessions granted by Edward I, in a Carta Mercatoria ("merchant charter") of 1303. This led to constant friction over the legal position of English merchants in the Hanseatic towns and Hanseatic privileges in England, which repeatedly ended in acts of violence. Not only English wool but finished cloth was exported through the Hansa, who controlled the trade in English cloth-making centres.

Trade conflicts
After the treaty of Stralsund the Hansards drove out rival merchants from Scania. English traders were arrested and their goods confiscated. The English king imposed new tonnage and poundage in 1371/72, that covered Hanseatic goods too. The Hanseatic towns and traders thought it violated the privileges. At the same time English traders entered the Baltic and especially Prussian trade, demanding equal reciprocal trading rights. A trade conflict began in 1385 when an English privateer fleet seized a number of Hanseatic ships near Bruges in the Zwin. Some ship were Prussian and the grandmaster of the Teutonic Order confiscated English goods. Richard II retaliated and confiscated Prussian goods in England to compensate the English merchants. When negotiations failed, the grandmaster banned English imports and exports of forests to England in 1386. The compromise at the treaty of Marienburg of August 1388 restored trade ties but failed to address the underlying problems. But when a new grand master cancelled the treaty of Marienburg in 1398 after Prussian towns complained, Henry IV did not retaliate and instead reconfirmed the Hanseatic privileges. A second treaty of Marienburg and a treaty between England and the wider Hanseatic League with promises about compensation and protection against pirates were agreed in 1405, followed by treaties in 1408 and 1409. However the underlying problems of tonnage and poundage and the lack of reciprocal rights for English merchants remained. By 1420 the Hanseatic League's trade in England had decreased in importance. Cologne remained dominant in the Hanseatic trade on England in the 15th century, and Danzig had a dominant role too.

The English Parliament in 1431 increased poundage by half for foreign merchants. In 1434 the Tagfahrt finally began negotiations and started a blockade at the same time. The conflict was resolved in 1437 with the Second Treaty of London, when Hanseatic privileges were renewed and the new duties were removed. The Teutonic grandmaster did not ratify the treaty, pressed by Danzig, but England still enforced it despite unfulfilled demands for equal privileges for English traders in 1442 and 1446.

Another English attack on Hanseatic ships, this time a Wendish and Prussian salt fleet, in May 1449 led to another crisis. Lübeck instructed German traders to leave England in 1450 and blocked English trade through the Øresund in 1452 by an agreement with Christian I of Denmark. England was weakened after the Hundred Years' War and briefly restored the Hanseatic privileges, though another salt fleet from Lübeck was taken in 1458. Incidents like that kept tensions high.

Anglo-Hanseatic War
Edward IV held the Hanseatic League responsible, when English ships were attacked in the Øresund by Danes in 1468, and German merchants in London were arrested and convicted by the crown council. The Hanseatic cities were open to negotiation but rejected any common Hanseatic liability and called for an embargo against England. The merchants of Cologne were exempted from the ruling and could trade unhindered, which served to foment dissension among Hansards.

Meanwhile Henry VI was put back on the throne in 1470 as part of the Wars of the Roses. Cologne was temporarily excluded from the League and its privileges in April 1471. Edward IV was helped by Hanseatic ships in his landing in May to retake power, but he reaffirmed Cologne's exclusive privileges in July. A war of piracy called the Anglo-Hanseatic War began against England, the main effort came from ships from Danzig, and much of the rest from Lübeck. One of their captains was the famous Paul Beneke, who commanded the formidable Peter von Danzig.

Negotiations began in 1473 and Edward IV was open to make large concessions for peace. Hanseatic demands were very excessive and Edward did not transfer the property of the Steelyard and the outposts in Lynn and Boston to the Hanseatic towns, but they achieved a very favourable peace from the English commissioners in Utrecht in 1474: many regulations from the Second Treaty of London of 1437 were reconfirmed and the demand for reciprocity on behalf of English merchants was dropped, though this result was against the background of the reduction of the Hanseatic trade's importance over the 15th century.

After the Anglo-Hanseatic War
In 1475 the Hanseatic League purchased the London site outright and it became universally known as the Steelyard. The kontor then required that Hansards lived on the Steelyard. In exchange for the privileges the German merchants had to maintain Bishopsgate, one of the originally seven gates of the city, from where the roads led to their interests in Boston and Lynn.

Danzig and Cologne were still the dominant players in the Hansa's trade on England in the 16th century, but Hamburg achieved an important role by shipping German fabrics and Icelandic cod to England and English ink to the Netherlands. Hamburg's merchants became over time less involved in active trade with England, and let other parties carry goods instead.

Members of the Steelyard, normally stationed in London for only a few years, sat for a famous series of portraits by Hans Holbein the Younger in the 1530s, portraits which were so successful that the Steelyard merchants commissioned from Holbein the allegorical paintings The Triumph of Riches and The Triumph of Poverty for their Hall. Both were destroyed by a fire, but there are copies in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. Later merchants of the Steelyard were portrayed by Cornelis Ketel. There is a fine description of the Steelyard by John Stow.

Later conflicts and closures
The Steelyard's privileges were suspended in 1552.

One group that shipped trade goods for the merchant of Hamburg when they moved out of English active trade, was the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London. They got a residence for 10 years in Hamburg in 1567. Hamburg became a crucial market for the Merchant Adventurers after the loss of the Dutch market in the Dutch Revolt. Hanseatic trade with England was centred in Hamburg in those days.

Other Hanse towns resented the success of the Merchant Adventurers and wanted to secure the old favorable trade privileges that England suspended years ago. A Tagfahrt pressued Hamburg to close the Merchant Adventurers' trading post after the end of the agreement and Hamburg obeyed. England responded with countermeasures.

Queen Elizabeth suppressed the Steelyard and rescinded its privileges in 1598. James I reopened the Steelyard, but it never again carried the weight it formerly had in London. Most of the buildings were destroyed during the Great Fire of London in 1666. The land and buildings remained the property of the Hanseatic League, and were subsequently let as warehouses to merchants.

After the end of the Hanseatic League
The Hanseatic League was never officially dissolved but is considered to have disintegrated in 1669. Lübeck, Hamburg and Bremen would however continue to be known as the "Hanseatic Cities". Consulates of the Hanseatic cities provided indirect communication between Northern Germany and Whitehall during the European blockade of the Napoleonic wars. Patrick Colquhoun was appointed as Resident Minister and Consul general by the Hanseatic cities of Hamburg in 1804 and by Bremen and Lübeck shortly after as the successor of Henry Heymann, who was also Stahlhofmeister, "master of the Steelyard". Colquhoun was valuable to those cities through their occupation by the French since he provided indirect communication between Northern Germany and Whitehall, especially in 1808, when the three cities considered their membership in the Confederation of the Rhine. His son James Colquhoun was his successor as Consul of the Hanseatic cities in London.

Lübeck, Bremen and Hamburg only sold their common property, the London Steelyard, to the South Eastern Railway in 1852. The buildings were demolished in 1863. Cannon Street station was built on the site and opened in 1866.

Organisation and life
The Steelyard was, like the other kontors, a legal person established as a merchant corporation (universitas mercatorum) in a foreign trading city to facilitate Hanseatic trade. It had its own treasury, seal, code of rules, legal power to enforce rules on residents and administration. Security was the primary reason for establishing kontors, but they were also important for inspecting the quality of trade goods and diplomacy with local and regional authorities.

The Steelyard was led by an alderman, who was the chief juridical authority and diplomatic representative. There was also an English alderman from the late 14th century, an arrangement that was unique to London. The aldermen were assisted by achteinen, assistants or deputies. Around the mid 15th century the position of clerk, who was legally trained and performed secretarial duties. The Hanseatic merchants in London were grouped in geographical categories called "thirds" (German: Drittel). One third was formed by the area of Cologne, the left bank of the Rhine and Guelders. A second by the Wendish, Saxon and Westphalian towns and the right bank of the Rhine. The final third was made up of Livonian, Prussian and Gotlandic towns. The German alderman and his deputies were not allowed to come from the same third, so representation of all regional merchant groups' interests was ensured. A similar division of third existed at the Kontor of Bruges, but the London thirds had much less independence.

The Hansards lived in the Steelyard at a relatively closed off area, more so than at Bryggen, and they certainly were not as integrated into the host city as at the kontor of Bruges. They had however many ties with Londoners, for example Englishmen acted as executors for Hansards, and merchants rented rooms from the English, so they were not nearly as segregated as at Novgorod's Peterhof. The kontor was in the middle of the town on the Thames, but this also made it easy to block off. London was a city with a more cosmopolitan, urban flair than the average Hanseatic hometown. Merchants operating out of the Steelyard were granted certain privileges and were exempt from customs duties and some taxes. In effect, the Steelyard was a separate and independent community, governed by the codes of the Hanseatic League, and enforced by the merchants' native cities.

The Steelyard had its own statutes, like any kontor, written in Middle Low German, the main language of the Hanseatic merchants. It applied to all traders of the Hanse who resided in London. In the 14th and early 15th century, most rules were introduced by the kontor's merchants, but after 1474 legislation was decided by the Hanseatic hometowns.

Trade
The main export from England was wool, but from the late 14th century cloth became an important export good. The importance of London as an export harbour grew with this shift. London also supplied luxury goods, like spices and literature. Trade in London was not controlled by the Hansards, and they met traders from various places in Europe, offering the availability of exotic goods but showing also new ideas and customs.

Beeswax and fur were the most important of the imports goods, but the Hansards also imported salted herring, stockfish and beer to London.

Steelyard balance
The Steelyard possibly gave its name to the steelyard balance, a type of portable balance, consisting of a suspended horizontal beam. An object to be weighed would be hung on the shorter end of the beam, while weights would be slid along the longer end, till the beam balanced. The weight could then be calculated by multiplying the sum of the known weights by the ratio of the distances from the beam's fulcrum.

title: Steelyard


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Party of United Communists of Albania

The Party of United Communists of Albania (, PKBSH) was a political party in Albania. The secretary of the Central Committee of the party was Muharrem Xhafa. PKBSH was formed on 5 June 1999 through the merger of the Communist Reconstruction Party and the New Albanian Party of Labour.

In the 2001 parliamentary elections, PKBSH won 0.22% of the votes.

In 2002 the party merged with a faction of the Communist Party of Albania (PKSH) to form the refounded Albanian Party of Labour (PPSH).

title: Party of United Communists of Albania


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nowhere Game Project

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 08:41, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Nowhere Game Project
A minor game project which has never produced a finished product, and whic according to the article is currently dead in the water. Not notable. Thue | talk 09:21, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. nn, as per nom.  Anville 11:25, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * September 30th was an exceptionally busy AfD day. So this debate among several got almost no attention. Relisting in hope of some tender, loving debate this time around. -Splash talk 00:00, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per nom. Justin Bacon 00:08, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN --Rogerd 01:47, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * A tender and loving delete - Anetode 02:46, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom Bunchofgrapes (talk) 04:10, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom Blue520 05:49, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with List of cancelled video games Qaz  ( talk ) 08:07, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge Per above. Ban  e  s  09:24, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity (aka project promotion). The abovementioned list only includes existing game that for some reason weren't put in the market. A game project which hasn't got a finished game doesn't belong there. - Mgm|(talk) 20:23, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per MacGyverMagic. Quale 06:26, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
1705 in architecture

The year 1705 in architecture involved some significant events.

Buildings

 * March – The first of the principal buildings of Greenwich Hospital, London, the King Charles Court, designed by Christopher Wren, is completed.
 * November – In Williamsburg, capital of the Virginia colony in America, construction of the first Capitol building is completed.
 * Blenheim Palace is begun at Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, designed by John Vanbrugh (completed 1722).
 * The Stadtpalais Liechtenstein in Vienna, Austria, is completed (started 1692).
 * Remodelling of the Jesuit Church, Vienna, by Andrea Pozzo is largely completed.

Births

 * January 8 – Jacques-François Blondel, French architect (died 1774)
 * Charles Labelye, Swiss civil engineer (died 1762)
 * Approximate date – Richard Taliaferro, American architect working in Williamsburg, Virginia (died 1779)

Deaths

 * Lady Elizabeth Wilbraham, English amateur architect (born 1632)

title: 1705 in architecture


text:
1722 in architecture

The year 1722 in architecture involved some significant events.

Buildings

 * Blenheim Palace (begun 1705) in Woodstock, England, designed by John Vanbrugh, is completed.
 * Wanstead House, near London, England, designed by Colen Campbell, is completed.
 * Castletown House in County Kildare, Ireland, designed by Alessandro Galilei, is completed.
 * Kantajew Temple in Bengal is completed.

Awards

 * Grand Prix de Rome: Jean-Michel Chevotet.

Births

 * March 17 – William Wentworth, 2nd Earl of Strafford, English peer and amateur architect (died 1791)
 * August – James Essex, English builder and architect working in Cambridge (died 1784)
 * Robert Smith, Scottish architect working in America (died 1777)

Deaths

 * June 20 – Christoph Dientzenhofer, Bavarian baroque architect working in Bohemia (born 1655)
 * William Winde, English gentleman architect (born c.1640)

title: 1722 in architecture


text:
Roy Brindley

Roy "The Boy" Brindley (born 10 June 1969 in Southampton) is an English professional poker player, now living in Wicklow, Ireland.

Early years
Before his poker career, Brindley was involved in greyhound racing, and worked in a kennels near Dorking at the age of 17, then moving to other kennels in Lincolnshire and Essex before moving to Andover, where he was a professional greyhound trainer from 1991 to 1995.

Brindley moved to America in 1995 to continue training greyhounds, but moved back soon after. Following some personal crises Brindley ended up living on the street.

Following spells as a TV presenter for regional TV (Town TV, Andover), freelance journalist and as a magazine editor (Greyhound Monthly Magazine), he took up poker playing on arrival in Ireland in 2001.

Poker career
After seeing a documentary on Noel Furlong winning the 1999 World Series of Poker (WSOP), Brindley took up poker in early 2001.

In 2002, Brindley won seven ranking tournaments, and finished second to Kirill Gerasimov in the World Heads-Up Poker Championship (WHUPC). At the time of the WHUPC, Brindley had so little cash that he couldn't afford a taxi home and had to walk back to his hotel every night of the tournament. Yet, after finishing second, Brindley was distraught and came close to throwing his €40,000 winnings out of the hotel window.

Brindley also finished third in the 2005 William Hill Poker Grand Prix, second in the Masterclassics of Poker Omaha event in 2006, second in the Paris Open of Poker in 2007 and won the televised Betfair Poker Masters of Europe in 2007. As for titles no Player has won more European ranking tournaments than him despite his relatively short career.

In addition to his playing career, Brindley regularly commentated on SKY Sports' Poker Million and acted as an industry spokesman. He is a regular columnist for Card Player Magazine and works as a poker journalist for various newspapers.

His autobiography, Life's a Gamble, was published on 26 February 2009 by Transworld.

As of 2008, his total live tournament winnings exceed $800,000.

From the Spring of 2012 Brindley has acted as the resident F1 betting expert on At The Races. In July 2013 he appeared on Calvin Ayre TV where he announced he was in legal litigation with his sponsors of nine years, Ladbrokes, for their cessation of affiliate payments and breach of contract.

In the mid-late 2010's Brindley wrote for BetVictor's blog and Gambling.com. He has made the odd foray back into poker. In 2017 he beat 1,238 rivals to land the LS30 Series in Dublin. He also represented Ireland at the Match Poker European Nations Cup in Kyiv, Ukraine, in 2019. His team finished second.

As of 2021 he is a full-time columnist for Online-Casinos.com and BestBettingSites.com.

title: Roy Brindley


text:
Rugby league in Papua New Guinea

Rugby league is a popular team sport in Papua New Guinea and the country's national sport. Papua New Guineans have a reputation as being some of the world's most passionate rugby league supporters.

History
Papua New Guinea first came into contact with rugby league during the gold rush in the 1930s through Australian miners. Australian soldiers stationed in the country during and after the Second World War reintroduced the sport and in 1949 and the Papua New Guinea Rugby Football League was founded. It quickly became a popular spectator sport.

During the 1960s rugby league grew to be the clear national sport of the country. Despite being the most popular spectator sport, rugby league was mainly played by Australians and New Zealanders at this time. Participation numbers did not grow to reflect spectator numbers for another decade.

The governing body for rugby league in Papua New Guinea became members of the Rugby League International Federation in 1974 and the national team's first ever Test match was a 40–12 home defeat by Great Britain a year later. They first competed in the Rugby League World Cup in the 1985–89 competition.

A record attendance was established at the Papua New Guinea Grand Final held at the Morobean capital on 8 September 2010. When the Goroka Lahanis defeated the Mendi Muruks 21–10 in front of a crowd that was believed to be 20,000+

The PNG Hunters professional rugby league football club formed in 2013 to compete in the Queensland Rugby League's Intrust Super Cup. The Hunters won the Intrust Super Cup in 2017.

In October 2015, Papua New Guinea sealed a deal to co-host the 2017 Rugby League World Cup along with Australia and New Zealand. The Kumuls were given their 'own pool' hosting both their Group C fixtures against Wales and Ireland, plus an 'inter-group' match against USA of Group D, in Port Moresby.

Governing body
The Papua New Guinea Rugby Football League are the governing body for rugby league in Papua New Guinea. They have been members of the Rugby League International Federation and Pacific Islands Rugby League Federation.

Domestic competitions
1990 saw the launch of a national competition then called the SP Inter-City Cup or SP Cup (1990–2008) and later the Bemobile Cup (2009–2010) after changes in sponsorship. The current competition is sponsored by pacific telecommunications giant Digicel and is now known as the Digicel Cup. The current competition is made up of 12 teams from various cities or provinces around the country. The competition follows the conventional Australian NRL format, with 26 round robin games followed by the top 4 teams entering the finals play-offs.

Below the Digicel Cup exist many local and provincial competitions, the most prestigious of which is the Port Moresby League. In 2007 a new league called the Nokondi Cup was created for teams in the Eastern Highlands province.

A Port Moresby team (the Port Moresby Vipers) competed in the Panasonic Cup in 1986, 1987, 1988 and 1989; and in the Queensland Cup in 1996 and 1997. The 2014 season saw the PNG Hunters enter the Queensland Cup, based out of Kokopo.

NRL team bid
An official bid for a PNG team in the National Rugby League (Australia's primary rugby league competition) began in October 2008. The bid was launched by Sir Michael Somare. In 2021, Prime Minister James Marape supported the bid, stating his country wanted an NRL team by 2025. Many have also suggested the addition of one NRL team for both Papua New Guinea and the city of Cairns in Far North Queensland.

Notable players
Many Papua New Guineans have gone on to play professional rugby league either in the National Rugby League in Australia or Super League in Europe. It is the goal of the PNGRL to have 120 players participating in the NRL and Super League by 2010.

 * Adrian Lam
 * Bal Numapo (Canterbury Bulldogs 1st Grade)
 * Neville Costigan
 * John Wilshere
 * Paul Aiton
 * Arnold Kerwanty
 * Menzie Yere
 * David Mead
 * Marcus Bai
 * Elias Paiyo
 * Stanley Gene
 * Makali Aizue
 * Rhyse Martin
 * James Segeyaro
 * Nene McDonald
 * Justin Olam
 * Kato Ottio
 * Kurt Baptiste
 * Wellinton Albert
 * Rod Griffin
 * Ray Thompson
 * Xavier Coates

Popularity
Rugby league is the most popular sport in Papua New Guinea and is commonly referred to as the national sport. In a nation where communities are far apart and many people live at a minimal subsistence level, rugby league is the lifeblood of the country and is considered a matter of life and death.

During the 2000 Rugby League World Cup an estimated audience of 2 million watched the Kumuls lose to the Welsh Dragons in the quarter-finals in the early hours of the morning local time. Despite this loss over 50,000 fans welcomed the team at Port Moresby Airport later that week.

A sold-out crowd always comes to watch the annual match between the Kumuls and the Australian Prime Minister's XIII.

Participation
Rugby league has a huge participation rate in the junior level with every school in the country involved in a rugby league competition as rugby league is part of the school curriculum. There are 5,000 registered players between the ages of 12 and 18.

There are 10,000 registered senior players. They compete in 40 affiliated leagues around the country. Each league has a minimum of seven clubs and each club has four teams.

Men
The Papua New Guinea men's national rugby league team are nicknamed Kumuls after the bird-of-paradise, a national symbol of the country. Their first ever Test match was a 40–12 home defeat by England in 1975.

They compete in the Rugby League World Cup and first entered a team in the 1985–89 competition, though it was not until the 1995 Rugby League World Cup that they were able to win away from home.

The Papua New Guinea national rugby league team usually play against an Australian national rugby league team (The Prime Minister's XIII made up of players in teams that have not qualified for the National Rugby League Final Series) each year in Port Moresby. It is such a popular fixture that thousands of people can't get into the ground once it's full, causing people to climb onto the stadium roof or up trees outside the ground in order to see the match. The limited capacity of the stadium for this fixture often sparks riots. Spectators clashed with riot police during this fixture in 2006.

Women
The Papua New Guines women's national rugby league team are nicknamed Orchids. The name was chosen as a symbol of diversity; there are over 3,000 species of Orchid in Papua New Guinea. They competed in the Women's Rugby League World Cup for the first time at the 2017 competition. At the 2021 World Cup they won their opening match against Canada.

title: Rugby league in Papua New Guinea


text:
Dean Jaensch

Dean Harold Jaensch (27 October 1936 – 17 January 2022) was an Australian political scientist and a Professor of Political and International Studies at The Flinders University of South Australia. Jaensch was awarded a Bachelor of Arts (Honours), a Master of Arts and PhD from the University of Adelaide. He wrote many highly regarded books (14) on political parties, electoral politics and voting behaviour in Australian politics, and also focussed on South Australian and Northern Territory politics, federalism within the Anglosphere and empirical methodology.

He lectured at Flinders University from the early 1970s until retirement in 2001. He was an adjunct Professor with the Department of Politics and Public Policy. For decades he was a prominent political commentator/psephologist for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and a frequent contributor to local radio in South Australia. Jaensch was also a columnist for The Advertiser newspaper and an occasional lecturer at Flinders University. He spoke on public affairs and the machinations of State and national government. Jaensch advocated for proportional representation and an end to compulsory voting in Australia (though not necessarily compulsory enrolment).

Jaensch was created an officer of the Order of Australia in the 2003 Queen's Birthday Honours list for service to education and politics.

Jaensch was married to Helen, and had three children. He died on 17 January 2022, at the age of 85.

Selected bibliography

 * A Plague On Both Your Houses: Minor Parties in Australia, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1998 (with David Mathieson).
 * Power Politics: Australia's Party System, 3rd ed., Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1994.
 * The Liberals, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1994.
 * The Politics of Australia, Macmillan, Melbourne, 1992.

title: Dean Jaensch


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Blomkin

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. -Splash talk 22:29, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Blomkin
Sexual slang dicdef. 37 google hits. As a neologism, should be deleted and not transwikied to wiktionary. Thue | talk 09:23, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Neologism of no real note. Anville 11:26, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete dicdef based on incorrect spelling of blumpkin which redirects to oral sex. Spelling is too far off to be useful as a redirect. --TM (talk) 22:26, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as nn neologism. MCB 01:31, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Blomkin


text:
User talk:Nestorbautista

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes ( ~ ); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! andy 21:45, 21 November 2006 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Nestorbautista


text:
1726 in architecture

The year 1726 in architecture involved some significant events.

Buildings

 * Work begins on the Dresden Frauenkirche, in Dresden, Germany, designed by George Bähr (completed in 1743; destroyed in 1945; reconstructed in 2005).
 * Completion of St Martin-in-the-Fields Church, London, designed by James Gibbs.

Awards

 * Grand Prix de Rome, architecture: François Carlier.

Births

 * November 15 – Henry Keene, English architect (died 1776)

Deaths

 * March 26 – Sir John Vanbrugh (born 1664)
 * September 16 – Jakob Prandtauer (born 1660)

title: 1726 in architecture


text:
Talk:Mariano Puerta

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title: Talk:Mariano Puerta


text:
Talk:Placentia, California

Did Tiger Woods ever actually live in Placentia? I thought he was from Cypress.

Table added
Installed a table that summarizes key points (as well as uploading the city's seal) --Scott 03:49, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:CitySealPlacentia.jpg
Image:CitySealPlacentia.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 19:58, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

This number does not compute.
The article currently reads, "The city is currently in debt more than $2,000.000." Euro style uses a comma for a decimal point, period to divide groups of digits; American style uses the opposite; what style is this?Friendly Person (talk) 14:29, 23 June 2008 (UTC)
 * There was a double typo, as the figure is closer to $20,000,000.-choster (talk) 05:22, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

LATimes says $55 million
This article contains obsolete information about the current state of the rail system going through there, which is BNSF, according to the LATimes. It looks like after it was finally accepted by everyone that the old plan for entrenched rail lines was not going to happen, the heavy corridore there was turned in to a "Quiet Zone" using Safetran vital HD/Links, spread spectrum radios, Wayside Access Gateways, and I think some additional interlocking devices and event recorders.

So Placentia became the 6th city in the United States to have a designated Quite Zone that met FRA et al. requirements in an effort to improve the quality of life -- 30 trains a day so far yet expected to go to 90 a day by the year 2020 (around one train every 12 minutes or so, day and night.)

Also the Los Angeles Times stated (http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jun/29/local/me-quiet29) that by June of 2007, the money dumped in to the old plan was around $55 million, not $20 million, so it's anybody's guess what numbers are accurate.

I believe I will add comments about what Safetran equipment did to resolve the locomotive issues there, and create a new page covering the Quiet Zone. It wound up being much less expensive to apply safety-vital technology at interlockings than to sink the rail beds and bridge the various crossings. Fredric Rice (talk) 21:46, 24 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Oh, someone removed entirely all discussion about the Quiet Zone that was put through the city -- which is a shame because the city was one of the first cities ever to implement Quiet Zones. NotSoOldHippy (talk) 00:25, 16 December 2010 (UTC)

 * I don't know who removed it, I only just now see that it has been. It could be that the Quiet Zone has been removed yet I doubt it. I'll check, if the Quiet Zone is still in effect I should add something about it. As a historic landmark, implementing a Quiet Zone in the city was a first, and it has been a model that is being copied nationally -- if however slowly. Thanks for pointing this out! Damotclese (talk) 16:18, 22 July 2013 (UTC)

No drive-thru's in Placentia?
Last time I was in Placentia I noticed none of the restaurants located in the city itself had drive-thru's. I was told Placentia has an ordinance against this. This is unique as Fullerton, Yorba Linda, and Anaheim right on the edges of the city, sometimes right across the street do have the drive-thru's, alas I can not find anything on Google, but if anyone knows something about this they should add it to the article. 99.99.50.100 (talk) 19:29, 29 September 2011 (UTC)

 * I believe this was an ordinance that has been repealed as there are new drive-thrus that have been built in the city in recent years. (Wienershnizel on Chapman/Melrose is one). However the ordinance was the reason that the reason that the In-N-Out on Chapman/Placentia is one of only two In-N-Out stores without a drive-thru, but this is all just what I remember and heard, legitimate sources would be needed.Pollox87 (talk) 19:36, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Some years back the State of California looked at disallowing drive-throughs for all fast food places that were built after the proposed ban. The idea was to reduce the number of vehicles running and burning gasoline while waiting at windows. Problem with that was that doing so was utterly insignificant in terms of pollution compared with the number of vehicles on the State's highways and roadways, so the notion was abandoned.
 * Individual cities were left to impliment such rules as they desired, yet it does not seem to be a significant improvement in pollution emissions when done. Damotclese (talk) 16:21, 22 July 2013 (UTC)

All other things aside,
...this is possibly the silliest real town name I've seen for a while 130.132.198.162 (talk) 22:01, 13 January 2013 (UTC)
 * What for? It's an Italian name which means "pleasant town." It dates back to 218 BCE. Damotclese (talk) 22:42, 14 January 2013 (UTC)

First National Quiet Zone
The article really should talk briefly about the city having the first ever FRA-accepted "Quiet Zone" for the trains which pass through every day. Safetran Systems (now Siemens) implemented the Quiet Zone a long time ago, and the Zone is still in effect. It solved the fiasco with the wasted millions that resulted in lawsuits and criminal indictments. SoftwareThing (talk) 16:58, 20 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Placentia, California


text:
Sharston

Sharston is an area of Wythenshawe, south Manchester, England. The population at the 2011 census was 16,754.

History
Built on former farming land (as was most of Wythenshawe when the estate was first being built in the 1920s), the area was initially mostly industrial, with Sharston Industrial Estate containing a post office (with an area sorting office), a dairy, a Bisto factory, and various other businesses.

Wythenshawe Bus Garage was built in Harling Road off Sharston Road in 1942 by Manchester Corporation Transport Department to house and service 100 double deck buses used on routes to and from the expanding housing estates. It still exists in other use and is a listed building. Northenden railway station was just off Sharston Road, but closed in late 1964.

However, more recent boundary changes in the Wythenshawe district now consider Sharston to cover a considerable portion of residential housing along Wythenshawe's east side. The industrial estate consists of sectors named after letters of the Greek alphabet. The Beta sector was once the home of the Ramsees Piso Bush jam factory. This building later became the headquarters of Jam Factory Records who kept most of the original plant machinery to make speciality jams to promote album releases.

A large public swimming baths was opened in the area in March 1961 that was, at the time, Manchester's largest pool (32 metres) and also had multi-level diving facilities. The pool was often used for spectator events with seating for over 800 people. Sharston once had its own shopping parade, built in the 1930s on Altrincham Road (next to the junction of Mullacre Road), but this was demolished in early 1973 when the M56 motorway Sharston bypass was built through the area (where the M56 connects to the nearby southern section of the M60 motorway). A new shopping precinct was built directly behind the swimming baths on Sharston Green to replace the soon-to-be demolished shops on Altrincham Road. The new precinct, which opened in early 1973 just before the demolition of the old shops, contained over twenty shops and a bank, as well as new premises for the Wythenshawe Labour Club public house (relocated from Greenwood Road) which was opened by former Prime Minister Harold Wilson in February 1973. However, the new Sharston Green shopping precinct suffered from poor trading from the outset and was often referred to in the local press as a "white elephant" which had been badly planned in all respects. By the 1980s, most of the premises were being used for small businesses rather than shops and many premises were empty altogether. In November 1990, Manchester City Council closed the swimming baths as part of a series of cost-cutting measures. In May 1991, the vacant and now heavily vandalised building was targeted by arsonists. Businesses continued to leave the Sharston Green precinct, and in April 1994 the once-popular Wythenshawe Labour Club closed with debts totaling £100,000. Less than two weeks later, arsonists set fire to the abandoned building. The entire precinct, including the baths, was eventually demolished and the land has since been used for new housing developments. Several pedestrian subway tunnels that linked the area under the busy main roads have now been closed off and replaced with various pelican crossings.

Two high schools were also situated in the area. Sharston High School (which later became South Manchester High School - upper) was situated between Brownley Road and Altrincham Road. Among its former pupils was actor Harry H Corbett. St. Augustine's Grammar School (which became St. John Plessington RC High School in 1977 and then St. Paul's RC High School in the 1980s) was situated at the far end of Stancliffe Road. Of the latter school's more notable alumni are Johnny Marr and Andy Rourke of the band The Smiths, who were pupils there from 1975 to 1980. Both schools closed in the 1980s and were demolished. The ground where they stood was used for new housing developments, though part of the ground where St. Augustine's stood has also been used to extend Hollyhedge Park, which now stretches for almost half a mile from Hollyhedge Road to Altrincham Road.

Sharston Hall
Sharston Hall (from which the area gained its name, which in turn got its name from the Shar Stone, which is located at Rose Hill, in nearby Northenden) was a large house on Altrincham Road. Built in 1701, it was the home of the Worthington and Egerton families for generations before being sold to Manchester Local Authority in 1926, as was the smaller adjoining Victorian property, Sharston Manor. The hall was no longer tenanted after 1970 and quickly fell into disrepair. By 1972, it had endured a fire and considerable vandalism after plans to put a youth club in the building proved unsuccessful. Over the course of the next decade, various plans to turn the building into residential flats, offices, a restaurant or even a hotel all failed. By 1983 the building had partially collapsed with some masonry from the roof falling onto Altrincham Road. It was eventually demolished a couple of years later (the equally vandalised Sharston Manor had also been demolished) and a new commercial office building, built in a Georgian style, was completed on the site in 1986 along with a new housing development (Grosvenor Gardens). The office building currently houses a private medical clinic. The grounds behind the hall included a small woodland area which led onto Shenton Fields (informally known as "Shent's Fields"), a large recreational field that ran up to the border of neighbouring Gatley in Stockport. Although some of the woodland area still stands, the playing fields were turned into an industrial area (Sharston Green Business Park) which was completed in 2001 and contains several large warehouses and business premises.

Governance
Sharston is part of the Wythenshawe and Sale East constituency, represented by the Labour Party MP Mike Kane.

Sharston is a ward within the local authority of Manchester City Council. The ward is represented by three Councillors:
 * Councillors
 * Tim Whiston (Lab Co-op)
 * Madeleine Monaghan (Lab)
 * Tommy Judge (Lab Co-op)

Public services
Sharston is policed by the Wythenshawe Neighbourhood Policing Team, part of the South Manchester Division of Greater Manchester Police.

title: Sharston


text:
User:Pbb

It's me!

"My" pages

 * User:Pbb -- *This* page.
 * User:Pbb/monobook.css -- Custom stylesheet.
 * Popular pages started:
 * Comparison of file comparison tools
 * Comparison of hex editors
 * Pages started:
 * Sidecar file
 * Six Forces Model
 * Pages created, still stubs as of today:
 * Miniport
 * Tempuri
 * Disambiguation pages started:
 * GNE
 * RIS
 * Other:
 * Image:Omnidrive.gif

Structural contributions

 * Shell extension, 2006-07-01 -- Added list of types of shell extensions, which has been mostly lost after the merge with the Windows Explorer article.
 * Asus, 2006-02-04 -- Added long list of "Asus original features", most of which is still there.
 * Comparison of file managers, 2006-01-12 etc -- Added Directory Opus, Dolphin, emelFM2, Total Commander, tuxcommander (now removed) and a section on extensibility.
 * User agent, 2006-01-10 -- Wrote extensive section on dissecting user-agent strings, which was finally removed 2007-09-25 for being unencyclopedic (rightfully).
 * Comparison of graphics file formats, 2006-01-05 etc -- Added GIF, renamed document from "Comparison of image file formats".
 * 32-bit, 2006-01-05 -- Section on 32-bit images.

title: User:Pbb


text:
Alberto Zelman

(Samuel Victor Albert) Alberto Zelman (15 November 1874 – 3 March 1927) was an Australian musician and conductor, and founder of one of the predecessors to the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra.

Life and career
Alberto Zelman was born in Melbourne, Australia. His father, Alberto Zelman (senior), had come from Trieste via India as conductor of an opera company, and settled in Melbourne.

Alberto jr. was educated at King's College, Melbourne, and showed early talent as a violinist, afterwards becoming a violin teacher. He was connected with the Melbourne Philharmonic Society for over 30 years, first as leader of the second violins in the orchestra, and from 1912 as conductor. He was leader of the British Musical Society's quartet, and after the death of George Marshall-Hall he founded (in 1906) and conducted the Albert Street Conservatorium Orchestra which, in 1927, combined with the Melbourne University Symphony Orchestra to form the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra (MSO). The MUSO was mainly amateur with a core of professional players, and Alberto conducted it over the years, giving many memorable performances.

Considering that the MUSO had no endowment, Zelman did remarkable work with it, and he was always hoping that all the musical interests in Melbourne would pool their resources so that his native city would have a permanent, properly supported orchestra. Alberto Zelman was also well known in the Spa Country region of Victoria, and he lived for a short period in a cottage on 7th Street in Hepburn Springs that stands today and which features a frieze of the local bush painted by his artist brother Victor.

In 1922 he visited Europe, and in Berlin was invited to conduct the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. He was enthusiastically received, and in November of the same year conducted the London Symphony Orchestra, but was less successful than in Berlin. On returning to Australia, Zelman resumed his teaching and conducting, and his last appearance was to conduct Messiah on Christmas night 1926; such world-famous singers as John McCormack and Dame Clara Butt had been soloists in his Messiah.

He died in Melbourne after a short illness on 3 March 1927. He married Maude Harrington, a well-known singer, who survived him. He had no children. A brother, Victor Zelman, studied painting and became known as a capable painter of landscapes; an example of his work is in the National Gallery of Victoria.

The MSO continued to perform after his death until 1932 when it was taken over jointly by Professor (later Sir) Bernard Heinze and Fritz Hart, who converted it to an all-professional orchestra. In 1933 the amateur players formed their own orchestra, naming it the Zelman Memorial Symphony Orchestra after Alberto Zelman. It has given at least three concerts each year since that time and now, more than 80 years later, the Zelman Symphony continues to perform with at least four concerts each year in Melbourne and one or more in country Victoria. The Zelman Symphony owns Alberto Zelman Jnr's Mustel celeste (celesta), circa 1890.

Works

 * (Contributor) Fortunatus and the magic purse and wishing cap, or, Little King Pippin: grand operatic Christmas pantomime.
 * 1866 Waltes on the Pipele Opera themes
 * 1905 Ave Maria in B Flat
 * 1910 Elegie
 * Crispino waltzes
 * Ariel valse
 * 1900 Gavotte
 * Sérénade Andalouse
 * The Bernhardt valse
 * La juive quadrilles
 * O salutaris : a motett
 * 1877 Emelie polka
 * Gloria tibi domine

title: Alberto Zelman


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Talk:Michael McDonald

Michael McDonald (singer) links fixed
When the original Michael McDonald page was moved to make room for this disambiguation page, none of the links here were cleaned up -- and there were a LOT of them! I've now taken care of that oversight. Engineer Bob 09:27, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Michael McDonald


text:
Talk:Protestantism in Nepal

— J I P | Talk 09:27, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Protestantism in Nepal


text:
Sepp publishing family

Four generations of the Sepp family, publishers and artists were naturalists or entomologists. The Sepp company became famous for the numerous large natural history collections of plates that appeared between 1768 and 1860. They published translations from English, French and German authors on natural history, prints by Petrus Camper, an anatomist, but also some religious songs. Pieter Cramer and Caspar Stoll, also entomologists, had their works published by Sepp.

Christiaan Andreas Sepp
In the first generation was Christiaan Andreas Sepp (c. 1710-2 August 1775), born in Goslar, the son of a conrector, who established himself shortly in Hamburg and Göttingen, but before 1739 in Amsterdam as an etcher and engraver of land and sea maps. His son, Jan Christiaan, was baptized in 1739 in the Lutheran church, like Johanna Elisabeth in 1744. In 1750 Christiaan bought a house at Rozengracht, in the Jordaan. Sepp was working from his own collection of preserved butterflies and insects wrote and illustrated Nederlandsche Insecten in English, Dutch Insects, which appeared from 1762 to 1860, the company's first long-term project. There are similarities with the work of August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof and René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur.

Jan Christiaan Sepp
His son, Jan Christiaan Sepp (November 11, 1739 – November 29, 1811), joined his father's business. He married in 1768 the 14-year older S. Focking, the daughter of a Dantzig paperseller. After she died in 1773 he remarried. He moved to a house at Haarlemmerstraat, which probably also served as a bookshop. All his children (11) were baptized in the Mennonite church. In 1777 he was one of the founders of Felix Meritis, a "club" where artists and scientist gathered or discussed, with an eminent building on Keizersgracht. Five years later he was a mennonite teacher on Singel.

Jan Christiaan was an engraver, etcher, bookseller, author as well as illustrator for Nederlandsche Vogelen (in English: Dutch Birds). The price for the complete set of books was 525 Dutch guilders. It must have held the record for being the most expensive book published in the Netherlands for a very long time.

Jan Sepp
Sepp brought his son Jan (September 18, 1778 – December 19, 1853) into the business, which then traded as J.C. Sepp en Zoon. After the death of Jan, the work continued to be published by Cornelis Sepp until 1868.

Publications

 * Houtkunde, behelzende de afbeeldingen van meest alle bekende, in- en uitlandsche houten : die tot den huis- en scheepsbouw, tot schrynwerk, werktuigen en gereedschappen, tot verwstoffen en in de geneeskunde, worden gebruikt ; op zulk eene manier, als die door de liefhebbers der natuurlyke historie, tot vermaak en nutttigheid, worden verzameld en bewaard ; met aanwyzing van derzelver afkomst, hoedanigheden en gebruik ; voorgesteld in de natuuriyke tekening en koleuren, volgens de hollandsche, hoogduitsche, engelsche, fransche en latynsche benaamingen en met uitvoerige bladwyzers verrykt. 1791 (Literally: Wood science, including the illustrations of most well-known, native and foreign timber: used for home and ship building, for carpentry, tools and tools, for fabrication and in medicine; in such a way as they are collected and preserved by lovers of natural history, for entertainment and usefulness; with indication of its origin, qualities and uses; presented in the natural drawing and colors, according to the Dutch, German, English, French and Latin names and with extensive bookmarks. 1791)
 * Nieuwe kaart van de eilanden van Groot Brittannien : behelzende de koningryken Engeland, Schotland en Ierland / volgens de laatste waarnemingen in het ligt gebragt ; C Sepp del. et sculps. 1743 (Literally: New map of the islands of Great Britain: including the kings of England, Scotland and Ireland / according to the latest observations it lies in; C Sepp del. et sculps. 1743)
 * Naauwkeurige kaart der Vereenigde Nederlanden tot opheldering der vaderlandsche historie in de zestiende eeuwe / C. Sepp delin[eavit] et fec[it] (Literally: Accurate map of the United Netherlands to clarify the national history in the sixteenth century / C. Sepp delin [eavit] et fec [it])
 * Verzameling van uitlandsche en zeldzaame vogelen : benevens eenige vreemde dieren en plantgewassen, in 't engelsch naauwkeurig beschreeven en naar 't leven met kleuren afgebeeld / door G. Edwards en M. Catesby.; vervolgens, ten opzigt van de plaaten merkelyk verbeterd, in 't hoogduitsch uitgegeven door J.M. Seligmann ; thans in 't nederduitsch vertaald en met aanhaalingen van andere autheuren verrykt, door Martinus Houttuyn (Literally: Collection of foreign and rare birds: in addition to some strange animals and plant crops, accurately described in English and depicted in life with colors / by G. Edwards and M. Catesby .; subsequently, markedly improved with regard to the plates, published in German by J.M. Seligmann; now translated into Dutch and entangled with quotes from other car rents, by Martinus Houttuyn)
 * Afbeelding der marmor soorten, volgend hunne natuurlyke koleuren naauwkeurig afgebeeld, ook met de bygevoegde Hollandsche, Hoogduitsche, Engelsche, Fransche en Latynsche benaamingen voorzien (Literally: Image of the marmor species, accurately depicted according to their natural colors, also with the enclosed Dutch, High German, English, French and Latin names)
 * Beschouwing der wonderen Gods, in de minstgeachte schepzelen : of Nederlandsche insecten, naar hunne aanmerkelyke huishouding, verwonderlyke gedaantewisseling en andere wetenswaardige byzonderheden, volgens eigen ondervinding beschreeven, naar 't leven naauwkeurig getekend, in't koper gebracht en gekleurd - in the collection of Teylers Museum (Literally: Consideration of the miracles of God, in the least beloved creatures: whether Dutch insects, according to their notable household, surprising metamorphosis and other interesting details, described according to their own experience, drawn accurately to life, brought into copper and colored - in the collection of Teylers Museum)
 * Nederlandsche vogelen volgens hunne huishouding, aert en eigenschappen beschreeven. / Door Cornelius Nozeman ; alle naer 't leeven geheel opnieuw en naeukeurig getekend, in 't koper gebragt, en natuurlijk gekoleurd door, en onder opzicht van, Christiaan Sepp en zoon. Deel: 1. 1770. 2. 1789. 3. 1797. 4. 1809. 5. Aanhangsel [1829] (Literally: Dutch birds according to their household, aert and properties described. / By Cornelius Nozeman; all of them live completely redesigned and meticulously drawn, borne in copper, and of course polished by and under the supervision of Christiaan Sepp and son. Part: 1. 1770. 2. 1789. 3. 1797. 4. 1809. 5. Appendix [1829])
 * De VII Vereenigde Nederlandsche Provinciën / naar de nieuwste meetingen naauwkeurig geteekend en in 't koper gebragt door Christiaan Sepp en Zoon 1793. (Literally: The VII Vereenigde Nederlandsche Provinciën / accurately drawn to the newest measurements and retained in copper by Christiaan Sepp and Son 1793.)
 * Nederlandsche insecten naar hunne aanmerkelijke huishouding, verwonderlijke gedaanteverwisseling, en andere wetenswaardige bijzonderheden / beschreven en afgebeeld door Jan Christiaan Sepp (Literally: Dutch insects according to their notable household, surprising transformation, and other interesting details / described and depicted by Jan Christiaan Sepp)
 * Flora Batava / afgebeeld door en van wegens J.C. Sepp en Zoon ; beschreven door Jan Kops (Literally: Flora Batava / pictured by and from due to J.C. Sepp and Son; described by Jan Kops)
 * Nieuwe geographische Nederlandsche reise- en zak-atlas : vervattende vier en zeventig gekleurde, naauwkeurig geteekende en gegraveerde, ook accuraat aan elkander sluitende kaarten van de Vereenigde Nederlanden : ... / [Jan Christiaan Sepp] (Literally: New geographic Dutch travel and pocket atlas: containing seventy-four colored, meticulously drawn and engraved, also accurately aligned maps of the United Netherlands: ... / [Jan Christiaan Sepp])
 * Surinaamsche vlinders : naar het leven geteekend = Papillons de Surinam ... / [tekst J. Sepp ; tekeningen H.J. Scheller] (Literally: Surinamese butterflies: drawn to life = Papillons de Surinam ... / [text J. Sepp; drawings H.J. Scheller])

title: Sepp publishing family


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Weston-on-Trent

Weston-on-Trent is a village and civil parish in the South Derbyshire district of Derbyshire. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 1,239. It is to the north of the River Trent and the Trent and Mersey Canal. Nearby places include Aston-on-Trent, Barrow upon Trent, Castle Donington and Swarkestone.

Toponymy
The name is of Anglo-Saxon origin (-ton being an Anglo-Saxon suffix meaning "town"). The name literally means 'West Town' – with Aston-on-Trent ('East Town') lying east of it. 'On-Trent' refers to the nearby River Trent.

Middle ages
In 1009 Æþelræd Unræd (King Ethelred the Unready) signed a charter at the Great Council which recognised the position and boundaries of Weston. The charter shows that Weston controlled the crossings of the Trent at, Weston Cliff, King's Mills and Wilne. These crossings controlled one of the main routes for travellers moving up or down England and was a boundary within Mercia. The land was listed as eight hides at Weston upon Trent, and a hide at Morley, Smalley, Ingleby, Crich and Kidsley. This land was then given to Morcar, the King's chief minister, and he was unusually given rights that were normally reserved for the King alone. He was given the responsibility for justice and exemption from the Trinoda necessitas, he alone could decide a fate of life or death without the need of the authority of the King or his sheriff. Morcar was given further lands in Derbyshire. In 1011 he was given 5 hides at what (maybe) Mickleover and in 1012, two more at Eckington. Weston again come under the control of Æþelræd Unræd, when Morcar and his brother were murdered by Eadric in 1015. Later it was given to Ælfgar, the Earl of Mercia, but he lost this at the Norman Conquest. See the inset box for Weston's entry in Domesday Book.

Sometime after 1086, King William I granted the manor of Weston to Hugh d'Avranches, who was later to become the first Earl of Chester. Hugh in 1093 gifted the manor to Chester Abbey and sometime around the turn of the century they gave Weston to the Monastery of St Werburgh which he had just founded at Chester.

In 1215, King John signed another charter concerning the ownership of Weston. He confirmed to the Abbots of Chester that the soke of Weston were free of all suits to counties or hundreds. This was in the same year as the Magna Carta when King John had agreed to expel the local Sheriff, Philip Marc, under pressures from his Barons. Marc remained the sheriff and left lands at nearby Chellaston to his son.

In 1418 the monks in Chester who had charge of this parish were so short of funds that they leased the parish of Weston which still included other settlements in Derbyshire including Aston, Shardlow, Wilne, Morley and Smalley to the Bishop of Durham. The deal seems to have been driven entirely by short term finances and the Bishop of Durham was given a good price by offering to pay the fee in advance. Over the twelve years the Bishop of Durham appears to have received a good rate of return as he received more than twice the fee that he had given to the monks of Chester.

17th and 18th centuries
In 1603, Weston-on-Trent was awarded by James I to Charles Paget who also gave him a pension of £200 a year. This is unusual as the previous monarch had threatened to have him assassinated in France as he refused to return to face the charges against him. He was found guilty of his involvement in the Babington plot. It was Charles Paget, who Mary, Queen of Scots had written to from her imprisonment in code; this letter was part of the evidence that caused her execution.

In 1633 James I granted the manor of Weston on Trent to Antony Roper and it is believed that this is when Weston Hall's construction started.

At the start of the English Civil War (in 1642) soldiers who were based at Weston Hall attacked Royalists who were based on the south side of the river. Some Parliamentary soldiers were reputedly buried in Weston Churchyard in 1644 after a battle at King's Mill when Sir John Gell took 200 royalist prisoners.

The Roper family sold Weston Hall in 1649 and it was never completed. Bricked up doorways can be observed at first and second storeys where presumably the rest of the building was intended to be. The hall was bought by Robert Holden who passed it to his son Reverend Charles Edward Holden whose son was Edward Anthony Holden.

In 1745 the young pretender advanced as far as nearby Swarkestone. Local records show that monies were found to not only repair ye town musquet but also money to charge it. Two other parishioners were given three quarts of ale to keep watch for the rebels from the church tower whilst a third was despatched to Derby.

In September 1770, the canal which had been started by James Brindley reached Weston where goods could be moved the short distance from the canal to the river and vice versa. Much of this building still remains and Weston's lock, three canal bridges and three mileposts are listed by Historic England.

19th century
Less than a century later, the village was again transformed, with several houses being demolished, large earthworks, and roads being diverted to allow the railway to be opened in 1873. The railway "cut through the heart of the village isolating the south side from the north of the village".

The railway revolution initially happened outside Weston taking off in the area when three companies and their corresponding lines joined to form the Midland Railway Company. The company was an amalgamation of different lines from Derby to Nottingham, to Birmingham and to Leeds. Business was good and in the 1860s it was realised that traffic could be improved if there was a line to relieve the congestion if there was a line to the south of Derby. The proposers realised that there were advantages in not only following the level ground of the Trent Valley but also in capturing additional business with a new line from Melbourne. One act of Parliament allowed an old tram line route to be reused to make a line from Ashby de la Zouch to Melbourne and another act allowed a line to Stenson. This latter route was destined to disturb the quiet of the village as the new line allowed traffic to make its way from Trent Junction, creating an express route past the central station in Derby. The route as approved by the Act went directly through the village and although there was an allowance for deviations to this route, worryingly every allowable route just cut the village at a different point. Petitions were raised by the villagers to try and influence the construction, but despite deviations being agreed the effect on the village was large and permanent. The agreements and the work meant that the line was not fully complete until 1873 after four years of excavation and construction. In 1851 the population of Weston was just under 400 in over seventy dwellings, but over the next twenty years the population fell by about a hundred, ten houses disappeared and another five were empty. Even allowing for the six houses that were in the way of the new railway this was a substantial change on the previous agricultural life. A cutting assisted in dividing the village in half as well as changing the routes of local roads to join with the four new bridges. New houses were constructed in the village for the station master and the head porter as well as a row of six workman's houses outside the village near the parish border with Swarkestone. These new buildings replaced the lost thatched cottages, but more thatches were lost later when sparks from the locomotives set alight to others. By 1871 only just after a half of the remaining population was still working on the land. Sidings had been built in the village and trains were loaded with milk, parcel post and freight for Weston and nearby villages. Weston was again the local centre of activity with Shardlow and Aston also channelling their trade through the station at Weston.

The railway revolution substantially reduced the traffic on the rivers and canals, but at Weston there was an extended life. The mill at King's Mill was a useful source of power and was relatively close to the gypsum quarries at Chellaston and Aston on Trent. Because of this a circuitous route was devised that must have involved considerable effort. The stone once quarried was loaded onto a purpose-built tramway so that the stone could be pulled to the canal near Aston. From here the stone was loaded into canal barges and moved the short distance to Weston Cliff where it was again unloaded and craned onto river barges that took the stone again on the short trip to King's Mill. Here the stone was again unloaded, ground into plaster and then sent back by the same circuitous route via the river barges to Weston Cliff and then the product was taken to Pegg's works on the canal at Derby. There was a £400 a year charge for the power of the mill, but the rest of this effort was achieved with animal and human effort.

20th and 21st centuries
The novelist H. D. Everett (1851–1923) lived in the Old Vicarage in the village and died there.

1937 saw a significant change in the lifestyle of the village with the arrival of piped water. This allowed a public sewer to be built and the ten council houses were given hot and cold water at a cost of under £520. The piped water supply had cost just under £50,000.

There were two ferries at Weston, one at Weston Cliff and the other at King's Mill which ceased trade in 1942. This ferry crossed the river at the end of King's Mill Lane closest to Castle Donington. After World War II Weston-on-Trent became home to the Ukrainian Youth Association (CYM) in the UK, which took over one of the camps which had been set up during the War. One of these camps had hosted concerts by Vera Lynn, Glenn Miller and Ivy Benson.

The last shop in Weston closed in 1998. In 2009The Old Plough was closed and subsequently demolished. This pub had been in almost continuous operation as a victuallers since at least 1829 when Francis Henshaw operated it as a combined pub and ploughmakers. At that time there were three pubs.

School
Weston's only school is a Church of England Voluntary Aided primary school. The school has been in existence since 1821 and had on its old site to the west of the village since 1830. Two cottages were let from Sir Robert Wilmot at two shillings per annum in 1830. The old school building is reported to have been erected in 1842 and to have had a capacity of 60, although only 35 were attending in 1890. In January 2007, the school was relocated to a new building on the site of the old playing field and formally opened on 21 April. The school's placement was discussed extensively by the residents living near the roads leading to the school because of the lack of access. However its position had been decided in the 1960s when the Local Education Authority purchased the land belonging to Old Gate Farm and the remainder of the land had been used to construct Old Gate Avenue in the 1970s. The farm had previously served as one of Weston's pubs.

Other organisations
Other community organisations in the village include:
 * Girls' Brigade
 * The 'Scarecrow Trail' (12th year in 2014)
 * Guides, Brownies and Rainbows
 * Big Easter Scramble (Annually)

All of these are based at the Village Hall.

Walking
Lying just outside the city of Derby, Weston is an occasional location for walkers. There are a number of walks that are maintained and watched over by the parish council and their routes are shown on the village hall. Some routes are also available on-line.

title: Weston-on-Trent


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fender Tucker

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus. Rx StrangeLove 01:13, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Fender Tucker
Vanity Cnwb 09:28, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Agreed, vanity. Anville 11:27, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Admittedly somewhat borderline, but he has some notability as former editor and current part-owner of diskmagazine Loadstar, which had a "redlink" to him on its article before this was created; he also has some notability among Harry Stephen Keeler fans for republishing that author's books, and his Ramble House site is linked on the Keeler page. *Dan T.* 13:08, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:212.248.225.12

title: User talk:212.248.225.12