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Greatest Hits (Robbie Williams album)

Greatest Hits is a hits compilation released by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams on 18 October 2004. The album includes two new songs, "Radio" and "Misunderstood", which were both released as singles. The album is his seventh overall release in the United Kingdom.

Greatest Hits was one of the fastest-selling albums upon release in the UK, where it debuted at the number-one spot with first-week sales of over 320,000 copies. Certain versions of the album feature a picture of Williams in a pose exposing his pubic hair on the cover, and in the booklet is the Latin phrase "...si quid habet mammas vel rotas, res habebis difficiles aliquando", translating into "if it has tits or wheels, it makes life difficult." A special edition box set, containing all of Williams' singles, was released on the same day.

Singles
Although Williams admitted on his website to being "perplexed at the prospect" of a greatest hits album, saying, "I rarely, if at all, look back over my career", he took the opportunity to also reveal two new songs he had been working on with his new collaborator, Stephen Duffy. Both were released as singles. "Radio", the compilation's first single, was released in October 2004, debuting at number-one on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Williams' sixth number-one hit selling 41,732 copies. The song was also a number-one hit in Denmark and Portugal, and it hit the top ten around the world. The album's second single, the ballad "Misunderstood", was included on the soundtrack of the film Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason, and hit the top ten around the world in December of that year.

Commercial performance
Debuting at number one, the album sold 320,000 copies in its first week, becoming the fastest-selling greatest-hits album ever released in the United Kingdom. The album hit the top spot in 18 countries: France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, the aforementioned United Kingdom, Argentina, Colombia, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, and Switzerland among others. The album became the best-selling album of the year in the United Kingdom, becoming the 61st best-selling album in UK music history, with sales of 2 million copies, being certified 8× Platinum by the BPI.

Greatest Hits also became the best selling album of the year in Europe, being certified 5× Platinum for over 5 million copies sold worldwide. The album ended up selling slightly under 8.5 million copies, becoming one of Williams' best-selling albums ever. In Germany, the album debuted at number one and reached this position in total nine times non-consecutively, Williams' second album to do so, the other one being Swing When You're Winning. With 102 weeks on the German Albums Chart it's his second longest chart one, just behind Sing When You're Winning, with 106 weeks. By selling 900,000 copies and reaching 9× Gold, Greatest Hits is the 20th best-selling album of the decade 2000–2009 in Germany and his 5th album to reach a position in the top twenty of the best-selling album of the decade, the others being Swing When You're Winning (4th best-selling), Escapology (5th best-selling), Intensive Care (8th best-selling) and Live at Knebworth (19th best-selling).

The Best So Far
The Best So Far is an updated version of Greatest Hits, released exclusively in Brazil to celebrate Robbie's Close Encounters tour. Even with Greatest Hits being released in Brazil, The Best So Far updates the track listing slightly, adding "Sin Sin Sin", "Advertising Space" and "Tripping", but removing earlier hits such as "Old Before I Die", "Lazy Days" and "She's the One".

 * Track listing
 * 1) "Sin Sin Sin" – 4:09
 * 2) "Advertising Space" – 4:37
 * 3) "Feel" – 4:22
 * 4) "Angels" – 4:25
 * 5) "Sexed Up" – 4:20
 * 6) "Millennium" – 4:08
 * 7) "Come Undone" – 4:38
 * 8) "Rock DJ" – 4:18
 * 9) "Supreme" – 4:19
 * 10) "Tripping" – 4:07
 * 11) "No Regrets" – 5:11
 * 12) "Radio" – 3:51
 * 13) "Misunderstood" – 4:02
 * 14) "Let Me Entertain You" – 4:21

title: Greatest Hits (Robbie Williams album)


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Meadery

A meadery is a winery or brewery that produces honey wines or meads, and which sells them commercially. There are craft "meaderies" emerging all over North America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand where each meadery produces various styles of meads, such as fruit meads, traditional meads, session meads, and braggots (mead-beer hybrids).

Meaderies are becoming more commonplace around the world as people start to discover their offerings. Meaderies that produce honey wines or meads are becoming more abundant in the US. According to a study by the American Mead Maker Association, the community of mead producers has exploded 130% since 2011, making it the fastest growing alcoholic beverage category in the US.

In the United Kingdom, particularly in Cornwall, a meadery can also refer to a type of restaurant that serves mead and food with a medieval ambience. An ancient meadery is thought to be in the style of a banquet hall, having wooden flooring, heavy wooden tables, and lit by candlelight with white-painted granite walls.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Meadery


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Talk:Casino chip collecting

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A few items that we need to add to this topic might include:

The history of the CCGTCC Annual conventions The trend of casinos issuing limited edition and commemorative chips Distinguishing characteristics of chips including materials, molds, inserts, inlays, etc.

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title: Talk:Casino chip collecting


text:
Easy Goer

Easy Goer (March 21, 1986 – May 12, 1994) was an American Champion Hall of Fame Thoroughbred racehorse known for earning American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt honors in 1988, and defeating 1989 American Horse of the Year Sunday Silence in the Belmont Stakes by eight lengths. Both horses were later voted into the American Hall of Fame. He is known for his excellence in New York, with running the fastest mile on dirt by any three-year-old in the history in the Gotham Stakes with a time of $1:32 2/5$, the only horse in racing history to win the Belmont, Whitney, Travers, Woodward and Jockey Club Gold Cup, among others.

In the Blood-Horse List of the Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century, Easy Goer is ranked #34.

He won 14 of his 20 races, including nine Grade I wins at distances of seven furlongs, eight furlongs, nine furlongs, ten furlongs and twelve furlongs, and placed second five times. His Hall of Fame jockey Pat Day considers Easy Goer to be the best horse he ever rode, and the best horse his Hall of Fame Shug McGaughey trainer ever trained.

Background
Bred and owned by Ogden Phipps, Easy Goer was a son of Alydar out of the 1981 American Champion Older Female Horse Relaxing (by Buckpasser). He was trained by Shug McGaughey and ridden by Pat Day.

Blood-Horse pedigree analyst Avalyn Hunter's assessment of Easy Goer was that "Easy Goer combined blistering speed over a mile with thoroughly genuine stamina."

Before his career began, Easy Goer was shipped to McGaughey at the Payson Park Training Center in Indiantown, Florida, where he spent the winter getting acquainted with the starting gate and underwent basic training. His trainer noted some faults in his conformation. He had puffy, problematic ankles, a clubfoot, and a turned-out left knee, all providing the potential for injury once the horse began serious workouts. However, McGaughey was captivated with Easy Goer the first time he saw him, but really felt he had something special when he watched him for the first time with a set of horses. "He gave the impression he could gallop those horses to death," McGaughey said.

Appearance and Conformation
Easy Goer is highly regarded as one of the best looking horses turf writers have ever seen, despite his chronic ankle problems.

McGaughey described Easy Goer as, "His action was so athletic, so natural, so fluid; he glided over the track; he ran very fast and did it so easily.

Racing writer Steve Haskin described Easy Goer as "Adonis-like, the closest thing physically to Secretariat. He was plagued by terrible ankles his entire career, but was placed upon a throne at an early age and justified all the adoration.

Racing writer Edward L. Bowen said: "Easy Goer was a glowing chestnut with a fluid stride that belied his short pasterns and less than perfect foot. Pasterns notwithstanding, he had the look of greatness, and he ran to his looks. He was a horse who tempted horsemen and fans to slip into their thoughts the phrase, 'the most perfect horse you can imagine.'  Easy Goer was large but not too large. He was elegant but not dainty. He was powerful but not gross. To the aesthete taking in the whole rather than haggling over the parts, the dictionary simply proved inadequate: Easy Goer was not just perfect, he was "damned perfect".

Joe Drape of The New York Times described Easy Goer as a "powerful, massive, raw talent with an enormous stride".

Bud Delp, trainer of Spectacular Bid, said, "I hadn't seen the kind of pistonlike action in a horse since Spectacular Bid. Easy Goer had the same kind of stride, which was effortless."

Racing career
His running style was multifaceted and flexible, and he was able to adjust to racing conditions; he could go to the lead or come from behind, he was able to put pressure on speed horses and stay with a faster pace, or drop back if needed. Among his peak performances, Easy Goer ran 124 and 122 Beyer Speed Figures. Easy Goer also routinely ran in the 120 Beyer Speed Figure range on a regular basis in his races. Easy Goer ran the fastest Beyer Speed Figure performance by any two-year-old, as well as the fastest Beyer Speed Figure performance in any Triple Crown race since Beyer racing figures were first published.

1988: Two-Year-Old Season
Easy Goer won his maiden race at seven furlongs at Saratoga Race Course under a hand ride in a final time of $1:22 3/5$, defeating Is It True by two and a half lengths after being forwardly placed two lengths off the early leaders and having to steady on the backstretch, and, as McGaughey stated, "Running two or three seconds faster than the other maiden race run at the same distance that day at Saratoga." Easy Goer came out of that race with a sore left shin. McGaughey was concerned because he thought he might have to stop the colt's training; however, treatment by hosing and poulticing the leg to draw out the heat was successful. McGaughey decided to wait and have Easy Goer's legs further treated after the Breeders' Cup that November. Easy Goer continued to train at Saratoga.

Three weeks later, he then won a $6 1/2$-furlong allowance race by five and a half lengths at Belmont Park, again under little urging, running one-fifth of a second off the track record in $1:15 2/5$, while carrying five pounds more than his opponents. His trainer said after the race, "Then I knew I was training something special."

After another three week break, Easy Goer next won the seven-furlong Grade I Cowdin Stakes with little encouragement, defeating Is It True again by four lengths. Easy Goer was never more than three and a half lengths behind the early leaders, who ran quick early fractions of $22 2/5$ and $45 3/5$, before drawing away through the stretch. He also defeated Canadian Champion Two-Year-Old Colt Mercedes Won, who was the Hopeful Stakes and Florida Derby winner. He ran the seven furlongs in $1:23 3/5$. The final time was more than two seconds off Devil's Bag's 1983 stakes record.

Two weeks later Easy Goer won the $557,000 one-mile Grade I Champagne Stakes, again defeating Is It True by four lengths, after vying for command and running a half length to a length and a half behind the leader through fast fractions of $22 4/5$ and $45 3/5$. He also defeated the Belmont Futurity winner Trapp Mountain and Young America Stakes winner Irish Actor. His $1:34 4/5$ final time for the mile was three-fifths of a second off the Champagne stakes record, and tied for fourth-fastest in Champagne Stakes history behind Vitriolic, Seattle Slew ($1:34 2/5$), and Devil's Bag ($1:34 1/5$). Additionally, in this Champagne Stakes, Easy Goer ran the fastest Beyer Speed Figure performance (116 Beyer) of any two-year-old since Beyer racing figures were first published. Racing analyst Andrew Beyer stated, "Easy Goer was the most brilliant American two-year-old of the decade." Racing writer Steven Crist stated, "Easy Goer is among the fastest two-year-olds of the last two decades."

Three weeks after the Champagne, he finished second by a little more than a length in the Grade 1 Breeders' Cup Juvenile on a muddy track at Churchill Downs, losing to his frequent foe Is It True. Easy Goer had a rough time in that race, having jumped the tire tracks left by the starting gate late in the homestretch, and seemed to be struggling and uncomfortable with the muddy Churchill track.

He earned $697,500 and was named Champion two-year-old colt and was the early favorite for the Kentucky Derby. After the Breeders' Cup, he was shipped to New York to have his shins pinfired, and then sent to Gulfstream Park in Hallandale, Florida, to recuperate.

1989: Three-Year-Old Season
At three, Easy Goer started his year in Florida by winning the Swale Stakes in the fastest seven furlongs of the Gulfstream Park meeting in a time of $1:22 1/5$ while carrying ten pounds more than the runner up.

He then won the one mile Grade II Gotham Stakes by thirteen lengths in stakes and track record time while conceding nine pounds and five pounds to the second and third-place finishers respectively. He ran within one to two lengths of the leaders throughout the race, who were running a very rapid pace of $44 1/5$ and $1:08 3/5$, before running past them and widening away while earning another historic 118 Beyer Speed Figure, one of the fastest Beyer Speed Figures in history in a Triple Crown prep race. He won handily and his winning time of $1:32 2/5$ for the mile set a new track record, a second faster than Secretariat's stakes record, the fastest mile on a dirt surface by any three-year-old Thoroughbred in history, and a fifth of a second off Dr. Fager's world record.

His next race was the mile and an eighth Grade I Wood Memorial. Easy Goer ran close to the lead the entire race and won by three lengths over Federico Tesio Stakes winner Rock Point. He was timed at $1:50 3/5$.

Leading into the Kentucky Derby, Easy Goer had a small crack in his left front heel that was found the week leading into the Kentucky Derby. The crack was serious enough to cause discomfort and possibly keep him from running.

Triple Crown, and the Rivalry with Sunday Silence
Easy Goer is most remembered for his rivalry with Sunday Silence. The two first met in the 1989 Kentucky Derby where Sunday Silence won by $2 1/2$ lengths with Easy Goer finishing second, struggling on the muddy track like he did in the Breeders' Cup the year before. Easy Goer also had traffic trouble in the race. Sunday Silence meanwhile won in spite of swerving in sharply to the left bumping into Northern Wolf, then veering out.

After the Derby, both horses returned to action two weeks later in the 1989 Preakness Stakes. Throughout Preakness week, as late as the day before the race, Easy Goer's front feet were being soaked in a tub of Epsom salts due to small scratches or cracks on both heels. His ankles and knees were also given ultrasound. Likewise, Sunday Silence also had a bruised foot. Easy Goer, after breaking in the air at the start, made a big, early move down the backstretch which catapulted him to a two-length lead over Sunday Silence with a half mile remaining, with the six-furlong split being run in a rapid $1:09 3/5$. Sunday Silence then challenged around the far turn, with both horses running the fastest mile split in Preakness history in $1:34 1/5$. Following a head to head duel for the last quarter mile, Sunday Silence won by a nose in a fast final time of $1:53 4/5$. The race continues to be admired by critics and fans alike, and has since been added into Horse Racing's Top 100 Moments, placing at #70.

Jockey Pat Day was criticized for reining Easy Goer's head sideways to the right in deep stretch with a short lead right before the finish line. Day criticized himself too, calling his ride "a mistake". Bill Christine of the Los Angeles Times, and trainer McGaughey also expressed their opinions on the mistakes they thought Day made during the race. After the race, Day said, "It ran through my mind that I might lose the mount on Easy Goer," Day said. "But then I shared some thoughts--I won't tell you what--with Shug and I felt better."

After the Preakness, both rivals returned to action three weeks later in the 1989 Belmont Stakes. There was some controversy leading into the race because at the time, New York was the only state that banned all race-day drugs and medications, including Lasix which is now common place. The Hall of Fame trainer of Sunday Silence, Charlie Whittingham, was angered that the controversial veterinarian Alex Harthill, who treated Sunday Silence earlier for the Kentucky Derby and Preakness, was not licensed in New York and prohibited from practicing.

When the gate opened, both Easy Goer and Sunday Silence ran in close attendance to the pace-setting leader through swift early fractions, with Easy Goer making his move around the turn propelling himself to the lead, he then opened up a substantial lead through the stretch. Easy Goer defeated Sunday Silence by eight lengths in the time of 2:26 producing the second fastest Belmont Stakes in history, behind Secretariat, and denied Sunday Silence the Triple Crown. The jockey of Sunday Silence, Pat Valenzuela, described Easy Goer's performance as that of a superhorse. Easy Goer earned a 122 Beyer Speed Figure, the best in any Triple Crown race since these ratings were first published in 1987.

Summer and Fall Campaign
After taking a few months off, Easy Goer's next race was on August 5 in the mile and an eighth Grade I Whitney Handicap at Saratoga, defeating older horses, including Cryptoclearance, by over four lengths in near record time while earning another lofty 119 Beyer Speed Figure. McGaughey said after the race, "I don't know if I've ever seen a horse run the last eighth of a mile that fast going long on the dirt. Sometimes, you see it on the grass when a horse has gone a slow paced mile."

Two weeks later at Saratoga, he won the $1.08 million mile and a quarter Grade I Travers Stakes by three lengths also in near-record time while earning another outstanding 121 Beyer Speed Figure. It was the third fastest in Travers history, behind General Assembly and Honest Pleasure, and remains the fifth fastest all time

Easy Goer then won the $809,000 mile and a quarter Grade I Woodward Stakes by two lengths on a muddy track, again defeating older horses while carrying more weight and being stuck in traffic, boxed in on the rail and checking twice. Easy Goer's victory seemingly squashed the perception that muddy or wet tracks were his Achilles' heel. Day said after the race, "Mud is different everywhere." This was the final time the Woodward was run at the mile and a quarter distance before being permanently shortened in distance to a mile and an eighth.

Three weeks later, he won the $1.09 million mile and a half Grade I Jockey Club Gold Cup by four lengths on October 7, again defeating older horses, included among them were the aforementioned Cryptoclearance, who finished second. He earned another exceptional 120 Beyer Speed Figure in this race. This was the final time the Jockey Club Gold Cup was run at the mile and a half distance prior to being permanently shortened in distance to a mile and a quarter.

Breeders' Cup and Final Meeting with Sunday Silence
After going their separate ways, the rivalry with Sunday Silence concluded in the Breeders' Cup Classic, run on November 4 at $1 1/4$ miles. With champion honors at stake, the race was labeled "Race of the Decade" by the horse racing media. Easy Goer was favored by the wagering public based on his Belmont Stakes win and four subsequent Grade I wins, three against older horses. Sunday Silence's regular rider, Patrick Valenzuela, had recently been suspended for cocaine use, so Hall of Fame rider Chris McCarron got the mount.

After Easy Goer's summer campaign of four straight G1 wins, Sunday Silence ran twice in the five months since the Belmont, both times over a $1 1/4$-mile distance—in the Grade II Swaps Stakes at Hollywood Park, where he finished second, and two months later in the Sept. 24 Super Derby at Louisiana Downs, which he won, giving him six weeks rest into the Classic.

Recovering from a slow start, Easy Goer ran 11 lengths off the lead, about seven lengths behind Sunday Silence, behind the brisk opening fractions of $22 2/5$ and $46 1/5$, but made a big run down the backstretch and got near his rival at the half-mile point. Sunday Silence then made a charge turning for home and gained the lead in the final furlong, with Easy Goer still trailing by four lengths. Easy Goer closed ground late but lost by a diminishing neck to Sunday Silence, with a final time of $2:00 1/5$. Both Sunday Silence and Easy Goer earned brilliant 124 speed figures in the 1989 Breeders' Cup Classic, which tied for the highest speed figure earned in any Breeders' Cup race. Blushing John, the American Champion Older Dirt Male Horse that year, finished third.

The victory assured Sunday Silence Eclipse Award for Outstanding Three-Year-Old Male Horse and Horse of the Year honors for 1989. After the race, McGaughey said, "Sunday Silence had a perfect trip and we made a couple of mistakes. Pat and I agree that he made riding mistakes in the Preakness. But in the other races, there were circumstances that contributed to what happened. Maybe when Pat grabbed him after the start, the horse didn't understand what he was doing. Then Pat was content to sit and wait behind Sunday Silence, as he had done before, and the other horse got away from us. In my heart, I think Easy Goer is the better horse;  I think anybody would say that if those two ran against each other ten times, each would probably win five."

Day said his ride wasn't the best, while also stating, "I've said it before, I think Easy Goer was better than Sunday Silence, despite his three to one edge in a head-to-head races. I'll go to my grave believing that. We lost two photos to him and the one in the Preakness was due to a rider error on my part."

Easy Goer's 1989 three-year-old campaign is considered by some to be the greatest in American racing history without yielding any year-end championship awards. However, debate remains today on which horse was better. With Easy Goer putting together a better racing resume, but Sunday Silence holding a 3-1 advantage when they ran against each other. Sunday Silence walked away with Eclipse Award honored for Champions Three Year Old and Horse of the Year.

1990: Four-Year-Old Season
On May 16, 1990, Easy Goer started the season by winning the seven-furlong Gold Stage Stakes easily on a sloppy track by over seven lengths,

Twelve days later, he was third in the Grade I Metropolitan Mile, marking the only time he did not finish either first or second in his career.

Easy Goer always had problematic ankles, and his handlers had to work overtime on them during the month. Rumors about his soundness had swirled around the track for the two weeks leading into the race. Easy Goer was beaten by a little more than a length behind eventual Horse of the Year Criminal Type and two-time sprint champion Housebuster while carrying considerably more weight than those competitors (fourteen and seven pounds, respectively).

He then won the mile and a quarter Grade I Suburban Handicap by almost four lengths ridden out in a time of 2:00 after going head and head on the lead while sprinting through fast fractions of 46.75 for a half-mile and 1:09.87 for six furlongs.

After his Suburban Handicap win, Easy Goer was retired due to a bone chip in his right front ankle. He won 14 races, including 9 Grade I wins at seven furlongs, a mile, a mile and an eighth, a mile and a quarter, and a mile and a half while earning $4,873,770.

Stud Career and Death
After his retirement from racing, Easy Goer stood stud at Claiborne Farm in Paris, Kentucky. He was given the honor of occupying the Stall #1, which had housed Bold Ruler and Secretariat and would be the stall of a few other champions.

At stud, Easy Goer sired three Grade I winners and nine stakes winners (7%), from 136 foals, of which 101 were starters, and 74 were winners. While speed at distances up to a mile had been favored over "stoutness" in much American breeding, Easy Goer demonstrated speed over a mile as well as stamina. Given the combination of his pedigree and the high-quality mares to which he was bred at Claiborne, it was speculated by The Blood-Horse that he would have been even more significant as a stallion had he lived longer. Easy Goer has also been an influential broodmare sire. From 53 mares sired by Easy Goer, they have produced 23 stakes winners.

At age eight, in 1994, Easy Goer collapsed and died while jogging in his paddock at Claiborne Farm. Dr. Thomas Swerczek, the veterinary pathologist at the University of Kentucky, who conducted Easy Goer's necropsy, determined the horse died of an anaphylactic reaction to an undetermined allergen and also had cancerous tumors in multiple organs. The veterinarians were convinced the cancer did not kill Easy Goer and probably would not have been fatal for a long time. They also said fatal allergic reactions are more common than most professionals realize. Easy Goer was buried at Claiborne Farm along with Secretariat, Buckpasser, Bold Ruler and many other greats.

Notable offspring
Easy Goer was the sire of these G1 winners:
 * Will's Way - won the Whitney Handicap and Travers Stakes like his sire, and in turn
 * Sired Lion Tamer, winner of the Cigar Mile Handicap
 * My Flag - won four Grade I races, including the 1995 Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies, Ashland Stakes, Coaching Club American Oaks and Gazelle Stakes, as well as the Bonnie Miss Stakes.
 * Dam of champion Storm Flag Flying, winner of the 2002 Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies.
 * Furlough - won the Ballerina Handicap

Notable descendants
Easy Goer is the broodmare sire (maternal grandsire) of these G1 winners or producers of champions:
 * Corinthian - won the Breeders' Cup Dirt Mile, and Metropolitan Handicap
 * Storm Flag Flying - Won the Eclipse Award Championship for top two year old filly and won four Grade I races, including the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies, Frizette Stakes, Matron Stakes, and Personal Ensign Handicap.
 * Funny Moon - won the Coaching Club American Oaks
 * Monba - won the Blue Grass Stakes.
 * Astronomer Royal - won the Group I French 2000 Guineas
 * Magical Fantasy - won four Grade I races, including the Yellow Ribbon Stakes, Del Mar Oaks, Gamely Stakes, and John C. Mabee Handicap.
 * Mull of Kintyre - won the Gimcrack Stakes in England and sire of Araafa, winner of the St. James's Palace Stakes and Irish 2,000 Guineas.
 * Sue's Good News - won the Arlington Oaks, and is the dam of Breeders' Cup Juvenile Turf Sprint winner Bulletin and Tiz Miz Sue, who won the Ogden Phipps Handicap twice.
 * Kindness - dam of Breeders' Cup Marathon winner London Bridge.
 * Unbridled Jet - ranked among the leading sires in New Jersey.
 * Unbridled Secret - dam of Barbara Fritchie Handicap winner My Wandy's Girl, who also was a champion three year old in Puerto Rico.
 * With Flying Colors - stakes-winning dam of multiple graded stakes winner Teresa Z, winner of the Turnback The Alarm Handicap, Monmouth Oaks and Obeah Stakes.

Accomplishments and recognition
Over his career, Easy Goer had many accomplishments on the track that have stood the test of time.

Easy Goer's Honors

 * 1988 - Eclipse Award as American champion 2-year-old male
 * 1997 - Inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame.
 * 1999 - Ranked #34 in the Blood-Horse magazine ranking of the top 100 U.S. Thoroughbred champions of the 20th Century
 * 2005 - Featured on the cover of the 2005 book, "Belmont Park: A Century of Champions."
 * 2006 - Easy Goer's duel with Sunday Silence in the 1989 Preakness was ranked #70 in Horse Racing's Top 100 Moments
 * 2008 - Easy Goer's rivalry with Sunday Silence was featured as the 17th chapter of Horse Racing's Greatest Rivalries (2008, Eclipse Press)
 * 2013 - One of 30 inaugural horses to be recognized on the Saratoga Hoofprints Walk of Fame.
 * The Easy Goer Stakes ran at Belmont Stakes from 2013 - 2020.

Easy Goer's Accomplishments

 * Ran the fastest mile on dirt by any three-year-old with a time of $1:32 2/5$ in the 1989 Gotham Stakes, which was one-fifth of a second off of the world record.
 * Second fastest Belmont Stakes at 2:26 flat, behind Secretariat.
 * First two-year-old champion to win a Triple Crown race since Spectacular Bid in 1979
 * In Easy Goer's 20-race career, he was never defeated by more than $2 1/2$ lengths.

title: Easy Goer


text:
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 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 14:26, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jkasvi~enwiki


text:
User:Cactus.man/Templates/Welcome

Welcome to Wikipedia

Welcome to Wikipedia .

Thanks for your contributions. I hope you like it here and decide to become a Wikipedian. Here are some useful links to help you get started:

 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Wikipedia Tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * The Manual of Style

If you need to experiment and improve your editing skills, you can use the sandbox quite safely.

Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically insert your user name plus a date and timestamp after your message. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page.

Happy editing ....

title: User:Cactus.man/Templates/Welcome


text:
Zárate–Brazo Largo Bridge

The Zárate–Brazo Largo Bridges are two cable-stayed road and railway bridges in Argentina, crossing the Paraná River (Paraná Guazú and Paraná de las Palmas) between the cities of Zárate, Buenos Aires Province, and Brazo Largo, Entre Ríos Province.

The bridges have a suspended length of 550 m, with a main span of 330 m. Its pylons are 110 m high, and its deck depth is 2.6 m. They were built between 1972 and 1977 on a design by Italian engineer Fabrizio de Miranda, and refurbished in 1998.

Zárate–Brazo Largo links the north of Buenos Aires with the southern part of the Argentine Mesopotamia, and also, by extension, Argentina with Uruguay and Brazil. The road link has four lanes. The main span is 50 m over the water level of the Paraná, which allows the passage of very large ships.

The bridge over the Parana de las Palmas is called "Bartolomé Mitre", while bridge over the Parana Guazú is called "Justo José de Urquiza".

title: Zárate–Brazo Largo Bridge


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jer jer

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy delete — already performed, but vote not closed --Gareth Hughes 16:23, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Jer jer
Delete - Made up by a group of kids. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 219.77.33.201 (talk • contribs) 12:18, 6 October 2005

Comment: Malformed AFD nomination, listing onto the deletion log. — Kjammer ⌂  05:36, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Article has no context. Tagged. --GraemeL (talk) 13:23, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jer jer


text: User talk:66.211.149.162

title: User talk:66.211.149.162


text:
Category:United States senators from Kansas

Members, past and present, who represented the state of Kansas in the United States Senate.


text:
Oberlander Jews

Oberlander Jews (אויבערלאנד, translit. Oyberland, "Highland"; גליל עליון, translit. Galil E'lion, "Upper Province") were the Jews who inhabited the northwestern regions of the historical Kingdom of Hungary, which are contemporary western Slovakia and Burgenland.

"Oberland", in this context, is a Hungarian-Jewish historiographic term, unrelated to the territory of Upper Hungary (Oberungarn, sometimes Oberland). Its origin lies in the immigration pattern of Jews into the country during the 18th century. Those arriving from Austria and Moravia settled in the adjacent counties of the northwest, mainly from Trencsén to Sopron, and gradually spread further; however, a large swath in the center of northern Hungary, between Szepes and Hajdú, remained closed for Jewish settlement until all residential limits were lifted in 1840. Thus, a demarcation line separated the Austrian and Moravian Jews from the Galician Jews, who emigrated to the northeastern territories. Those west of it were known as "Oberlander" (highlanders), and the Galicians were "Unterlander Jews" (lowlanders). In rabbinic sources written in Hebrew, it was translated as the Upper and Lower Provinces (Galil E'lion, Galil Takhton). The designation was coined by the former. After 1840, the geographical boundary dividing Oberland and Unterland was the linguistic one between Western Yiddish and Middle ("Polish") Yiddish: It stretched from the Tatra Mountains, between Poprád (present-day Poprad) and Liptószentmiklós (present-day Liptovský Mikuláš), Nagyszabos (present-day Slavošovce) and Rozsnyó (present-day Rožňava), continuing just north of Debrecen and south of Miskolc, until reaching the Hungarian border in Kolozsvár (present-day Cluj-Napoca). While sometimes applied to all western Jews, like those in Budapest and beyond, it came to denote the Orthodox ones who resided in contemporary Slovakia, west of the boundary detailed above, and in contemporary Burgenland. Their ancestors arrived in two waves: The first, comprising Austrians, came after the expulsion of the Jews from Vienna in 1670. They were welcomed by Paul I, Prince Esterházy, who allowed them to settle in Burgenland and to form the Seven Communities on his lands. Another, much larger, wave entered Hungary in the wake of an Imperial decree from 1727, which limited the number of Jews allowed to marry in Moravia to 5,106. It remained in effect until 1848.

Oberland also followed an acculturation pattern of its own, as its Jews tended to embrace the German language and culture. In spite of undergoing thorough modernization, they remained largely Orthodox, and were primarily influenced by the Hatam Sofer and his disciples in the yeshiva of Pressburg, the province's largest city. However, they were mostly more moderate and educated than the Unterlander, and the differences between Neo-Orthodox and Ultra-Orthodox in the country paralleled geographic ones. While Hasidism was rampant in Unterland, it had never reached the northwest. During the 19th century, Hungarian Jews were roughly divided into three cultural groups: the Magyarized, Hungarian-speaking and heavily Neolog ones in the center of the kingdom; the modern Orthodox, non-Hasidic, German-speaking Oberlander; and the Unterlander, who were strongly influenced by Hasidism.

The Oberlander shared a common dialect of Western Yiddish, mixed with Hungarian and Slovak vocabulary. Their customs resembled those of pre-emancipation German Jews, like donning prayer shawls before marriage and laying phylacteries in the weekdays of the Pilgrimage Festivals. Following World War II, some integrated in East European Ultra-Orthodox groups, while others joined Hungarian Hasidic sects like Satmar, Nitra, Vien, Puppa, and Kashou. Several congregations that self-identify as Oberlander and adhere to such customs are present in Israel, New York, in London's Stamford Hill, and in Antwerp.

title: Oberlander Jews


text:
User:Yta~enwiki

YTA means Ye Tun Aung

title: User:Yta~enwiki


text:
Talk:Jigawa State

what is the longitudinal and latitudinal location and also the geographical location of kazaure

Merger proposal
I suggest, that Religion in Jigawa State should be merged into this article. Its content is important enough to figure in this article. Sarcelles (talk) 19:32, 29 August 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jigawa State


text:
User:Davidcannon/Index-1N

 * Nabua: a suburb of Suva, Fiji; the site of the Queen Elizabeth Barracks.
 * Nabuka, Joeli: Fijian parliamentarian.
 * Nacuva, Pita: Fijian Cabinet Minister.
 * Nadi (Open Constituency, Fiji): One of 25 former Open Constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives.
 * Nadi Rural (Indian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 19 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indo-Fijians.
 * Nadi Urban (Indian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 19 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indo-Fijians.
 * Nadroga (Indian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 19 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indo-Fijians.
 * Nadroga (Open Constituency, Fiji): One of 25 former Open Constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives.
 * Nadroga-Navosa: a Province of Fiji.
 * Nadroga Navosa (Fijian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 23 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indigenous Fijians.
 * Naevo, Apisai, Senator.
 * Nagagavoka, Ratu Sairusi, Fijian chief and PANU Party leader.
 * Nagindas, Shivlal: Labasa businessman and former member of the Fijian Senate.
 * Namena Lala: an outlier to the Fijian island of Vanua Levu.
 * Nagusuca, Nanise: Fijian politician.
 * Naidu, Dorsami: Leader of the National Federation Party of Fiji.
 * Naidu, Richard: Fijian lawyer.
 * Naigani: an island in Fiji's Lomaiviti archipelago.
 * Nailatikau, Adi Koila Mara: Fijian politician.
 * Nailatikau, Ratu Epeli Qaraninamu: Fijian medical doctor and Senator.
 * Nailatikau, Ratu Epeli: Fijian statesman.
 * Nair, Damodran: Fijian politician.
 * Naitasiri: a Province of Fiji.
 * Naitasiri (Fijian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 23 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indigenous Fijians.
 * Naivalu, Solomone: Fijian Cabinet Minister.
 * Nand, Nainendra: Solicitor-General of Fiji.
 * Namosi: a Province of Fiji.
 * Namosi (Fijian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 23 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indigenous Fijians.
 * Nananu-i-Ra: an island of the coast of Rakiraki, Fiji.
 * Nand, Gyani: Fiji Labour Party politician.
 * Nand, Ragho: Fiji Labour Party politician.
 * Nanovo,Ratu Sela: Fijian chief and Senator.
 * Naqase, Serupepeli: Fijian lawyer (d. 2006).
 * Naqiolevu, Sekove: Fijian judge, now on the Solomon Islands bench.
 * Narayan, Irene Jai: Indo-Fijian stateswoman.
 * Narayan, Udit: Fiji Labour Party politician.
 * Nasaqalau: village on the Fijian island of Lakeba, in the Lau archipelago.
 * Nasinu (Indian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 19 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indo-Fijians.
 * Nasinu Rewa (Open Constituency, Fiji): One of 25 former Open Constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives.
 * Nasinu Urban (Fijian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 23 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indigenous Fijians. (original)
 * National Alliance Party of Fiji: Fijian political party founded by Ratu Epeli Ganilau in 2005.
 * National Assembly of Lebanon: Lebanon's national legislature.
 * National constituencies (Fiji): Former Parliamentary constituencies allocated ethnically but elected by universal suffrage.
 * National Democratic Party (2006): Fijian political party founded to contest the [[Fijian general election, 2006|2006 elections. (original)
 * National language debate in Fiji: the debate over whether to make Fijian, and possibly also Hindustani, compulsory in all schools.
 * Nationalist Vanua Tako Lavo Party: an extreme ethno-nationalist party apparently involved in the 2000 coup.
 * Native Land Register: the official register of indigenous Fijian landowners.
 * Naupoto, Viliame, Fiji's Director of Immigration and former Navy Commander.
 * Nausori: a Town in Fiji.
 * Nausori Naitasiri (Open Constituency, Fiji): One of 25 former Open Constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives.
 * Navoka, Ratu Viliame, Senator.
 * Navakasuasua, Maciu: Fijian coup convict turned informer.
 * Naviti: an island in Fiji's Yasawa Group.
 * New Nationalist Party (Fiji): Fijian political party.
 * Nawaikula, Niko: Fijian politician.
 * Nawalowalo, Ratu Josateki: Fijian businessman and Chairman of the Kadavu Provincial Council.
 * Niranjan, Sangeeta: Fijian businesswoman.
 * New Labour Unity Party (Fiji): a minor party, founded by Tupeni Baba in 2001.
 * Naivaluwaqa, Timoci: Fijian trade unionist.
 * Niudamu, Epeli, Senator.
 * North East Urban (Fijian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 23 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indigenous Fijians.
 * North West Urban (Fijian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 23 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indigenous Fijians.
 * North Eastern (General Electors Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 3 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for ethnic minorities.
 * Nukulau - Fijian island with a rich history.

title: User:Davidcannon/Index-1N


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hospital Radio Pulse

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. -R. fiend 04:42, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Hospital Radio Pulse
Non-notable hospital radio station. Rob Church Talk 12:22, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep as far as I know we have a few articles on radio stations in the AM band. It shows number of Google hits so this article is not a hoax. It clearly needs to be rewritten, though. -- Rune Welsh ταλκ 22:53, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Appears to be non-notable and I agree, not very well written. Maltmomma  (chat) [[Image:Flag_of_Texas.svg|18px]] 23:41, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I can't tell from the article, or the station's web site (which exists but is "under construction" and has no content other than contact info), or the other mentions of it (MediaUK) whether this is an actual licensed broadcast station or just an unlicensed low-power building/campus station. If the former I would vote keep based on precedent, but if the latter, it does not seem to meet the bar of notability or even verifiability. MCB 01:22, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Sawyl Penuchel

Sawyl Penuchel or Ben Uchel ("high-head", "arrogant"), also known as Samuil Penissel ("low-head", "humble"), was a British king of the sub-Roman period, who appears in old Welsh genealogies and the Welsh Triads.

The genealogies, in which he appears under both epithets, make him the son of Pabo Post Prydain, a descendant of Coel Hen, the presumed king of the Old North. John Morris locates Sawyl in the south Pennines area (the modern Peak District, a name which may date from its settlement by the Anglian Pecset). He is listed as one of the "Three Arrogant Men of the Island of Britain" in the Welsh Triads.

Other genealogies say he was the father of St. Asaph. Elis Gruffydd's Chronicle says that his daughter married Maelgwn Gwynedd. An Irish genealogy says that a "Samuel Chendisel" married Deichter, daughter of Muiredach Muinderg, the king of Ulster, and they had two sons: Sanctan, who became bishop of Cil-dá-les and founded Kilnasantan in County Dublin, and Matóc Ailithir. The Irish Liber Hymnorum confirms that both Sanctan and Matóc came to Ireland from Britain.

According to the Welsh Life of Saint Cadoc, a king named Sawyl Penuchel held court at Allt Cunedda near Kidwelly in Carmarthenshire. Cadoc pursued Sawyl's warband after they stole food from Llancarfan Abbey. He found them sleeping under a tree and cut off their hair, before fleeing to a nearby bog. When Sawyl and his men gave chase, they all drowned in the bog. Whether this is the same king, having fled to Wales after his northern kingdom was overrun by the Angles, a different man of the same name, or simply an error by the composer of the Life, is unclear. This Sawyl was supposedly buried in a nearby mound known as Banc Benuchel.

When this mound was excavated in 1850, a large body covered with a hexagonal stone imitating a battle-shield was discovered, which people have presumed to have been the remains of Sawyl Penuchel. The skeleton was described as male and the age at death was estimated at 30 years on the basis of the teeth. Precise measurements which were supplied in report in the 1851 Archaeologia Cambrensis and a subsequent report in The Welshman stated that the skull "was 21½ ins in its horizontal circumference 6½ ins broad and 7½ ins long ... The thigh bones were perfect and 20½ ins long, and the fibula of the arm was 11 ins". According to this account, the remains were re-interred "apart from the teeth and two or three vertebra which were kept as souvenirs". Later inquiries made with local people who remembered the original excavation (the work was led by Mr Fitzwilliam, on whose land one of the tumuli stood, accompanied by Mr Fenton of Glynmel, Fishguard) recalled that "they came to a very large flat stone which gave them a lot of trouble to remove. When it was done the skeleton of a large, powerful man was discovered in a sitting position and facing south." The bones, especially the legs, were of "large size" and the skull "had a hole in it". Asked what became of the skeleton, the witnesses agreed that the landowner (Fitzwilliam) had them sent to London - but where precisely was not clear. A subsequent excavation in 1881 resulted in no body being found; this suggested that the 1851 report in Archaeologia Cambrensis, which stated that the bones were re-interred, may not have been entirely true. Inquiries made in 1937 about the whereabouts of the remains of Sawyl were inconclusive.

Geoffrey of Monmouth, in his History of the Kings of Britain (1136), uses the name Samuil Penessil for a legendary pre-Roman king of Britain, preceded by Redechius and succeeded by Pir.

title: Sawyl Penuchel


text:
Otis the Aardvark

Otis the Aardvark is a puppet of an aardvark that was a presenter on Children's BBC on British television. Otis mainly presented the afternoon links on BBC One alongside the main CBBC presenters. Otis was thought to be inspired by the 1992 Children's BBC idents which ended with a voice proclaiming "Tell that aardvark it's a wrap". These idents led to much speculation as to what the phrase meant. However, these idents were dropped just before the character of Otis appeared in late 1994.

Otis is said to have obtained his name from the OTIS lift in the CBBC building at BBC Television Centre. Dave Chapman was the puppeteer from 1994–99. He also performed in a number of other Children's BBC programmes, notably The Cat from Dick & Dom in da Bungalow. When Fully Booked moved to Sundays on BBC Two, the extended Saturday CBBC was renamed Saturday Aardvark, with Otis being a key feature.

In 1996, he presented CBBC on Nickelodeon during school hours on Nickelodeon alongside Nick Jr. and his co-presenter was mascot Arthur the Ant in front of an ice cream parlour. He left in 1997 and was replaced by his cousin Marvin who presented from a shed until the strand finished on 16 July 1999. After leaving CBBC on 1 October 1999 Otis appeared on the puppet-based quiz show Clever Creatures until 2001. On that date the puppet was retired; it was announced that the character had gone to work at the BBC canteen. Otis was followed by another puppet called Emlyn the Gremlyn, who supported the live human presenters on the early afternoon links for a further two and a half years.

Otis subsequently made appearances on other CBBC shows including Insides Out and Live & Kicking. On 28 December 2007, Otis reappeared on a special 'puppet' edition of The Weakest Link for the BBC. On 1 April 2010, Otis appeared on the ITV2 show Celebrity Juice. Otis made another appearance along with other former presenters and puppets on 9 September 2015 to mark the 30th anniversary of CBBC. On 19 November 2021 Otis made an appearance amongst other famous puppets on BBC Children in Need on BBC1.

title: Otis the Aardvark


text:
User:Davidcannon/Index-1K

 * Kabara: one of the Lau Islands and home island of Fijian Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase.
 * Kadavu (Fijian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 23 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indigenous Fijians.
 * Kadavu Group: a Fijian archipelago dominated by Kadavu.
 * Kaibu: one of Fiji's Lau Islands.
 * Kaitani, Simione: Fijian Cabinet Minister.
 * Kanacea: an island in Fiji's Lau archipelago.
 * Kanailagi, Tomasi: Fijian clergyman and Senator.
 * Kanakana, Ratu Epeli: Fijian chief.
 * Katonivere, Ratu Aisea: Paramount Chief of Macuata, Fiji.
 * Kaukimoce, Jonetani: Fijian parliamentarian.
 * Kean, Francis: Fijian Naval Commander.
 * Kepa, Ro Teimumu: Fijian chief and politician.
 * Kepa, Sailosi: Fijian judge, statesman, and diplomat.
 * Khan, Mohammed Afzal: Senator.
 * Khan, Ballu: Indo-Fijian business tycoon.
 * Khan, Hafiz: Fijian businessman and Senator.
 * Khan, Iqbal: controversial Fijian lawyer.
 * Khan, Jahir: Senior Fiji police officer.
 * Tulsi Ram Khelwan, Fijian Senator.
 * Khoury, Béchara El-: Lebanese President (1943-1952).
 * Kioa: an outlier to the Fijian island of Vanua Levu.
 * Konrote, George: Rotuman-Fijian diplomat and political candidate.
 * Koriakine, Alexandre: Co-founder of Wikimapia.
 * Koro-ni-O: the centre of Fiji's hydroelectric industry.
 * Koroi, Jimi: Fijian Military officer and interim Commissioner of Police (2006 - 2007).
 * Koroi, Jokapeci: Senator and President of the Fiji Labour Party.
 * Korovavala, Lesi: Chief Executive Officer of Fiji's Home Affairs Ministry.
 * Korovou: the heart of Fiji's dairy industry.
 * Kotobalavu, Joji: Fijian civil servant and Prime ministerial spokesman.
 * Koya, Sidiq: Indo-Fijian statesman.
 * Krishna, James Shri: Fiji Labour Party politician.
 * Kubuabola, Ratu Inoke: Fijian politician.
 * Kubuabola, Ratu Jone: Fiji's Minister for Finance.
 * Kubuna Confederacy: traditionally the highest-ranked of three confederacies of Fijian chiefs.
 * Kurulo, Suliasi, head of the Fiji- based Christian Mission Fellowship.

title: User:Davidcannon/Index-1K


text:
Jeff Young (rugby union)

Jeffrey Young OBE (16 September 1942 – 3 October 2005) was a Welsh rugby union player who gained 23 caps for Wales as a hooker between 1968 and 1973.

Young was born in Blaengarw and educated at Garw Grammar School and St Luke's College, Exeter. He played five times for the Welsh Secondary Schools XV. A teacher by profession, Young played club rugby for Blaengarw, Harrogate, Bridgend and London Welsh. He also played for the East Wales side that earned a draw with the touring All Blacks in 1967.

He made his debut for Wales against Scotland in Cardiff in 1968, and became the first-choice hooker for Wales, playing in 22 of the next 26 internationals. He played in the Grand Slam winning side of 1971 and made his last international appearance against France in Paris in 1973, after which Bobby Windsor became the first-choice hooker. Young was selected for the British and Irish Lions tour to South Africa in 1968 and played in the first test.

In 1971 he left teaching and joined the R.A.F. and became a Wing Commander, coaching the RAF and British Combined Services on their joint tour to New Zealand with British Police in 1988. In 1991 he became the Welsh Rugby Union's first technical director and later became Director of Rugby at Harrogate. He was awarded the OBE for his services to rugby and the R.A.F. Jeff Young died of Alzheimer's disease in Harrogate in October 2005.

title: Jeff Young (rugby union)


text:
Aviation Environment Federation

The Aviation Environment Federation (AEF) is the principal UK non-profit making organisation concerned with the environmental effects of aviation. These range from aviation noise issues associated with small airstrips or helipads to the contribution of airline emissions to global warming and climate change. The AEF is widely quoted in international media as a source of research and analysis on issues related to aviation and the environment.

The AEF was established in 1975 and its members include, to an extent, community and environmental groups, local authorities, parish assemblies, and individuals.

AEF is a member of AirportWatch, a UK-wide network of conservation and residents' groups, Transport and Environment, which campaigns for smarter, greener transport in Europe, and the International Coalition for Sustainable Aviation.

title: Aviation Environment Federation


text:
List of British post offices abroad

Great Britain has introduced postal services throughout the world and has often made use of British definitives bearing local overprints. The following is a partial list of British postal services abroad. The list does not include agencies in South America, such as in Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro and Valparaiso.

British post offices abroad

 * British post offices in Africa various issues
 * Baghdad (British Occupation)	1917 only
 * Bangkok (British Post Office)	1882–1885
 * Batum (British Occupation)	1919–1920
 * Beirut (British Post Office)	1906 only
 * British post offices in the Turkish Empire	1885–1923
 * British postal agencies in Eastern Arabia	1948–1966
 * Bushire (British Occupation)	1915 only
 * Cameroons (British Occupation)	1915 only
 * China (British Post Offices)	1917–1930
 * China (British Railway Administration)	1901 only
 * Crete (British Post Offices)	1898–1899
 * East Africa Forces	1943–1948
 * British post in Egypt (Consular Offices)	1839–1882
 * British post in Egypt (British Military Occupation)	1882–1914
 * Egypt (British Forces)	1932–1943
 * Eritrea (British Administration)	1950–1952
 * Eritrea (British Military Administration)	1948–1950
 * German East Africa (British Occupation)	1917 only
 * Iraq (British Occupation)	1918–1923
 * Japan (British Commonwealth Occupation)	1946–1949
 * Japan (British Post Offices)	1859–1879
 * Mafia Island (British Occupation)	1915–1916
 * Malaya (British Military Administration)	1945–1948
 * Middle East Forces (MEF)	1942–1947
 * Morocco Agencies	1898–1957
 * North Borneo (BMA)	1945 only
 * Salonika (British Field Office)	1916 only
 * Sarawak (BMA)	1945 only
 * Somalia (British Administration)	1950 only
 * Somalia (British Military Administration)	1948–1950
 * Tangier	1927–1957
 * Tripolitania (British Administration)	1950–1952
 * Tripolitania (British Military Administration)	1948–1950
 * Uzunada, formerly Chustan Island (British Occupation)	1916 only

title: List of British post offices abroad


text:
User talk:Rhollan5

Welcome
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Just a few quick tips:
 * Our Tutorial explains how to edit; you can experiment in the test area.
 * We have help pages, and if they don't help (can happen :-), post a question at the Help Desk.
 * Remember that we strive to have unbiased articles.
 * Eventually, you might want to read our Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Use the "Preview" button below the edit box! It helps you catch layout, format, and spelling errors before saving.
 * To sign your messages (to talk pages, for instance—like I do below), add four tildes (~~~~) to your posts. The software will replace them by your signature and a time stamp when you save the page.

Anyway, have fun improving this encyclopedia! Lupo 12:25, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Image licensing
Are these Bad Homburg images your own? If so, you should tag them. Lupo 12:25, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Bergfried_bad_homburg.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Bergfried_bad_homburg.jpg. The image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to indicate why we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies under Wikipedia's fair use guidelines, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. If you want the image to be deleted, tag it as db-unksource.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion.

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you have any concerns, contact the bot's owner: Carnildo. 12:32, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Bad homburg beer garden.jpg

The file File:Bad homburg beer garden.jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Orphaned, unlikely to be useful."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. ~ Rob 13 Talk 17:54, 2 October 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rhollan5


text:
Mak-guksu

Mak-guksu or buckwheat noodles is a Korean buckwheat noodle dish served in a chilled broth and sometimes with sugar, mustard, sesame oil or vinegar. It is a local specialty of the Gangwon province of South Korea, and its capital city, Chuncheon. Jaengban-guksu is a type of makguksu in which buckwheat noodles and various vegetables are mixed in a tray.

Ingredients and preparation
Makguksu is closely related to naengmyeon, the archetypal Korean cold noodle dish. However, its differences lie in the high concentration of buckwheat flour in its noodles — the result of the grain being a staple crop in the Gangwon-do area, and the use of greater amounts of vegetables. The dish gets its name "rough noodles" because the buckwheat used is generally unhulled.

Makguksu is usually prepared directly from buckwheat seeds which have been soaked and ground into a paste. Since buckwheat is less glutinous than most grains, buckwheat flour is particularly difficult to knead, roll, and slice into noodles by hand; thus, the noodles are often created in a hand-cranked noodle-making machine instead.

It is difficult to generalise regarding makguksu ' s accompanying ingredients. Ingredients are traditionally determined by the customer rather than the restaurant owner, and many restaurants also carry their own unique flavouring recipes. In most cases, makguksu is very spicy, sometimes seasoned with gochujang (hot chile pepper paste). Various types of kimchi can be added as well: nabak kimchi, dongchimi or baechu kimchi. Many recipes also add various vegetables and/or soy sauce. Banchan (side dishes) vary in equal measure. In the Chuncheon area, the dish is frequently accompanied by boiled beef or pork; elsewhere, it may be served with bindaetteok (mung bean pancakes) or gamjajeon (potato pancakes).

Chuncheon
Makguksu has become a large part of the identity of the Chuncheon region. In recent decades, a "buckwheat noodle street" featuring more than a dozen makguksu restaurants has developed in the downtown area. There is a makguksu museum, and the city also hosts the annual Chuncheon Makguksu Noodle Festival, featuring makguksu tastings and other celebrations.

title: Mak-guksu


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Sterling Seagrave

Sterling Seagrave (April 15, 1937 – May 1, 2017) was an American historian. He was the author of numerous books which address unofficial and clandestine aspects of the 20th-century political history of countries in the Far East.

Personal life
Born in Columbus, Ohio on April 15, 1937, Seagrave grew up on the China-Myanmar border, the fifth generation of an American family living in the Orient for nearly two centuries (his father was Dr. Gordon Seagrave, author of Burma Surgeon). He and his family moved to Corpus Christi, Texas and he attended W. B. Ray Highschool from 1953 to 1955.

Seagrave's collaborator and wife of 35 years was Peggy Sawyer Seagrave, who died about a year before her husband.

Seagrave died on May 1, 2017, in France, where he had been living for more than 30 years with his wife. Seagrave's death was not announced publicly until July 31, 2017.

Publications
Seagrave worked as an investigative journalist in Asia, and he contributed to several major newspapers and magazines. His books include:
 * Yellow Rain: A Journey Through the Terror of Chemical Warfare. New York: M. Evans (1981)..
 * The Soong Dynasty. London: Sidgwick & Jackson (1985). ISBN 978-0283992384.
 * The Marcos Dynasty. New York: Harper & Row (1988). ISBN 978-0060158156.
 * Dragon Lady: The Life and Legend of the Last Empress of China. New York: Vintage Books (1992). ISBN 0679733698.
 * Lords of the Rim. New York: Putnam (1995). ISBN 978-0552140522.
 * The Yamato Dynasty: The Secret History of Japan's Imperial Family. New York: Broadway Books (1999). ISBN 978-0767904964.
 * Gold Warriors: America's Secret Recovery of Yamashita's Gold, with Peggy Seagrave. New York: Verso (2003). ISBN 978-1859845424.
 * Red Sky in the Morning: The Secret History of Two Men Who Got Away - and One Who Didn't, with Peggy Seagrave. Charleston, SC: BookSurge (2008). ISBN 978-1439240472.

Critiques
Donald G. Gillin, a Sinologist affiliated with Hoover Institution, wrote a book Falsifying China's History: The Case of Sterling Seagrave's The Soong Dynasty, in which he criticised Seagrave's book The Soong Dynasty as being biased against Chiang Kai-shek.

Dragon Lady challenges the notion that the Empress Dowager Cixi used the Boxers in the Boxer Rebellion. Kang Youwei is said to be the source of false stories which stained her reputation. In the book, Cixi is portrayed sympathetically.

In its review of Gold Warriors: America's Secret Recovery of Yamashita's Gold, which dealt with allegations that post World War II the CIA had misappropriated billions of dollars of Japanese war loot (the titular Yamashita's Gold), BBC History Magazine noted that whilst "numerous gaps remain.... this is an important story, with far-reaching implications, that deserves to receive further attention".

title: Sterling Seagrave


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Category talk:German sailplanes

I suggest the subgrouping by dates under the grouping by manufacturer is a bit too involved. There is already a higher order subgrouping by dates that should be enough to support people seeking a cronological order. 12:27, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:German sailplanes


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User:Davidcannon/Index-1L

 * Labasa (Indian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 19 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indo-Fijians.
 * Labasa Rural (Indian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 19 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indo-Fijians.
 * Labasa (Open Constituency, Fiji): One of 25 former Open Constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives.
 * Lacawai, Ratu Paula, Senator.
 * Lakeba: an island in Fiji's Lau archipelago.
 * Lakshman, Prince Gopal: Fiji Labour Party politician.
 * Lal, Brij: Fiji-born historian.
 * Lal, Surendra: Fiji Labour Party politician.
 * Lakeside Church: Canadian megachurch in Guelph, Ontario.
 * Lalabalavu, Ratu Naiqama: Fijian high chief and politician, imprisoned for his role in the Fiji coup of 2000.
 * Lami: a Town in Fiji.
 * Lami (Open Constituency, Fiji): One of 25 former Open Constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives.
 * Lau (Fijian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 23 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indigenous Fijians.
 * Lau Taveuni Rotuma (Open Constituency, Fiji): One of 25 former Open Constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives.
 * Laucala: one of three islands to the east of Thurston Point, Taveuni, Fiji.
 * Laucala (Open Constituency, Fiji): One of 25 former Open Constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives.
 * Laucala (Indian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 19 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indo-Fijians.
 * Lautoka City (Indian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 19 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indo-Fijians.
 * Lautoka City (Open Constituency, Fiji): One of 25 former Open Constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives.
 * Lautoka Rural (Indian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 19 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indo-Fijians.
 * Leader of the Opposition (Fiji): A commentary on the office of Leader of the Opposition, and a list of people who have held it.
 * Legislative Council (Fiji): the precursor to the modern Fijian Parliament.
 * Leleuvia: an island in Fiji's Lomaiviti archipelago.
 * Lesavua, Ponipate: Fijian Senator.
 * Leung, Graeme: President of the Fiji Law Society.
 * Leweniqila, Isireli: Fijian Cabinet Minister.
 * Levuka: the former capital of Fiji.
 * Leweni, Neumi: Fijian Army Captain and spokesman.
 * Lewis, Justin: Solicitor General of Fiji (1956-1963) and Attorney General of Fiji (1963-1970).
 * List of British High Commissioners to New Zealand: The Commonwealth of Nations (Commonwealth)equivalent to an Ambassador).
 * List of Chairmen of the Great Council of Chiefs: A (so-far) partial listing of those who have chaired the Great Council of Chiefs.
 * List of Fijian Heads of State: Links to articles about Fiji's Heads of State since the 1700s.
 * List of Fijian politicians: a split from the List of Fijians.
 * List of Fijian sportspeople: Split from List of Fijians.
 * List of Foreign Ministers of Fiji: Including their terms of office and the Prime Ministers under whom they served.
 * List of Governors of Fiji: Covering the period 1874-1970, when Fiji was a British Crown Colony.
 * List of Governors-General of Fiji: Covering the period 1970-1987.
 * List of Lebanon-related topics: persons, places, events to do with Lebanon.
 * List of Ministers for Fijian Affairs: The holders of the Cabinet portfolio responsible for indigenous development in Fiji.
 * List of Premiers of the Kingdom of Viti: A list of those who headed the government of the short lived Fijian kingdom of 1871 to 1874.
 * List of Presidents of Fiji: Covering the period since 1987.
 * List of Prime Ministers of Fiji: Covering the period since 1967.
 * List of rulers of the Pitcairn Islands: Colonial governors, Magistrates, and Mayors of the world's least populated country.
 * List of Speakers of the House of Representatives (Fiji): Covering the period since 1972.
 * List of Tongan Monarchs: a list of the individuals who have reigned over Tonga.
 * List of Vice-Presidents of Fiji: A brief description of the office, and a list of the persons who have held it.
 * Lomaiviti: an archipelago and Province of Fiji.
 * Lomaiviti (Fijian Communal Constituency, Fiji): One of 23 communal constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives that was formerly reserved for Indigenous Fijians.
 * Lomaivuna Namosi Kadavu (Open Constituency, Fiji): One of 25 former Open Constituencies in the Fijian House of Representatives.
 * Low, Kenneth, Chinese in Fiji-Fijian businessman and Senator.
 * Luveni, Jiko, Fijian dentist and AIDS campaigner.

title: User:Davidcannon/Index-1L


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Lex Julia

A lex Julia (plural: leges Juliae) was an ancient Roman law that was introduced by any member of the gens Julia. Most often, "Julian laws", lex Julia or leges Juliae refer to moral legislation introduced by Augustus in 23 BC, or to a law related to Julius Caesar.

Lex Julia de civitate (90 BC)
During the Social War, a conflict between the Italians and the Romans over the withholding of Italian citizenship, the consul Lucius Julius Caesar passed a law to grant all Italians not under arms citizenship.

At the instruction of the Senate, Lucius Caesar proposed a law providing that each Italian community would decide as to whether they would take Roman citizenship and establish new tribes – possibly eight – in the Tribal Assembly for the new citizens. This grant to citizenship had the effect of almost tripling the number of Roman citizens and annexing large swathes of Italy into the republic proper. The offer would be open to all Italian towns which were not under arms or who would lay those arms down within a short period.

The main purpose of the law was to prevent those who had not risen up against Roman rule from doing so. It also had the effect of weakening the Italian war effort by making acceptable compromises. The next year, the Romans introduced the lex Plautia Papiria de civitate, granting citizenship to more allies under rebellion – the main exceptions were the Samnites and Lucanians – in an attempt to further stem rebellion.

Julius Caesar's agrarian laws (59 BC)
Julius Caesar passed two pieces of agrarian legislation in 59 BC during his first consulship. They were two pieces of related legislation: a lex Julia agraria and a lex Julia de agro Campano. The first law was related to the distribution of public (both existing and purchased from willing sellers) lands to the urban poor and Pompey's veterans; the latter added public lands in Campania for distribution.

The passage of the first law was troubled. Caesar started his consulship by introducing it; it immediately met a filibuster from Cato the Younger. After being blocked in the senate, Caesar brought the bill before the popular assemblies. Inviting Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, his co-consul and political opponent, to debate the bill, he won a political victory when he forced Bibulus to admit that he had few reasons for opposing the bill while publicly expressing senseless and obstinate opposition: "You will not have this law this year, not even should you all want it!". With the support of Pompey and Crassus, two influential senators with which Caesar was cooperating in a then-secret alliance, popular support for the bill grew. Bibulus resorted instead to obstruction tactics by declaring negative omens on every day the bill could be voted on; one day, when moving to declare those omens, he – along with his political ally Cato – was attacked in the street by a mob (almost certainly organised by Caesar and his allies), forcing him to return home. In the absence of an announcement of negative omens, Caesar carried the bill in the assembly.

Added to the law was then the requirement that senators swear an oath to uphold the law. Cato and an ally refused until intercession by Cicero, arguing that it would be better for Rome if Cato swore and remained than withdrew to exile. In the face of obstructive tactics from Cato's allies, Caesar brought the bill expanding the public lands subject to redistribution straight to the assembly, bypassing the senate.

Lex Julia de repetundis (59 BC)
The lex Julia de repetundis, also called the lex Julia repetundarum, was passed by Gaius Julius Caesar during his first consulship in 59 BC. It was a major piece of legislation containing over 100 clauses which dealt with a large number of provincial abuses, provided procedures for enforcement, and punishment for violations.

Among other things, it:
 * set limits on how much money governors could take from provincial treasuries and towns,
 * required governors to produce detailed financial accounts, sealing and depositing them in two provincial cities with a third copy sent back to Rome,
 * limited the possibilities that governors might demand ships, grain, and cash,
 * required governors to remain in their provinces until a replacement arrived,
 * limited governor rights to declare war or attack other realms without senatorial or popular consent,
 * expanded the enforcement of the law to all officials on public business, and
 * established various procedures, including details on trial proceedings, witnesses, jury voting procedures, etc.

The law also expanded regulations on all kinds of public actions, including corruption before the permanent courts, the senate, and public contracts (especially as to public works and grain). It also banned the owning of ships by senators.

While it extended to judicial corruption, "Caesar was prudent" in keeping away from the "political hot potato" that was anti-bribery legislation applied to the equites – diverse men including Cato and Pompey had previously tried and failed in passing such legislation. However, Caesar cooperated with an ally in introducing legislation to record the votes of the jury panels (senators, equites, and tribuni aerarii) separately, which "imposed a degree of indirect accountability without violating the secrecy of the individual verdict".

It was passed with little dissent, receiving "high praise from [Caesar's] contemporaries". Many senators contributed to it, including Cato, who may have proposed the addition of some regulations against extortion of provincial towns.

For centuries, the law remained "the basis of the Roman law of provincial administration".

Lex Julia municipalis (45 BC)
This law may have set regulations for Italian municipalities. The question of whether Julius Caesar was responsible for this law is "fiercely debated".

Augustus' moral legislation (18–17 BC)
Under Augustus, the leges Juliae of 18–17 BC attempted to elevate both the morals and the numbers of the upper classes in Rome and to increase the population by encouraging marriage and having children (lex Julia de maritandis ordinibus). They also established adultery as a private and public crime (lex Julia de adulteriis).

To encourage population expansion, the leges Juliae offered inducements to marriage and imposed penalties upon the celibate. Augustus instituted the "Law of the three sons" which held those in high regard who produced three male offspring. Marrying-age celibates and young widows who would not marry were prohibited from receiving inheritances and from attending public games.

Augustan leges Juliae

 * Lex Julia de ambitu (18 BC): Penalising bribery when acquiring political offices.
 * Lex Julia de maritandis ordinibus (18 BC): Requiring (likely) all citizens to marry. Also limiting marriage across social class boundaries (and thus seen as an indirect foundation of Roman concubinage (concubinatus), later regulated by Justinian, see also below).
 * Lex Julia de adulteriis coercendis (17 BC): This law punished adultery with banishment. The two guilty parties were sent to different islands ("dummodo in diversas insulas relegentur"), and part of their property was confiscated. Fathers were permitted to kill daughters and their partners in adultery. Husbands could kill the partners under certain circumstances and were required to divorce adulterous wives. Augustus himself was obliged to invoke the law against his own daughter, Julia (relegated to the island of Pandateria) and against her eldest daughter (Julia the Younger). Tacitus adds the reproach that Augustus was stricter for his own relatives than the law actually required (Annals III 24)
 * Lex Julia de vicesima hereditatum (AD 5): (on inheritance tax) instituted a 5 per cent tax on testamentary inheritances, exempting close relatives.
 * Lex Papia Poppaea (AD 9): (to encourage and strengthen marriage) is usually seen as an integral part of Augustus' Julian Laws. The Lex Papia Poppaea also explicitly promoted offspring (within lawful marriage), thus also discriminating against celibacy.
 * Lex Julia peculatus: concerning the embezzlement of public property and sacrilege for trial by a quaestio.

Later updates to the Julian laws
The extracts below are from later legal codes and textbooks, but are also valuable in the sense that they are based on, and frequently quote from, the actual text of Augustus' laws.

Ulpian (3rd century)
As written down by Ulpian
 * The lex Julia relating to marriage: (Epitome 13–14) By the terms of the Lex Julia, senators and their descendants are forbidden to marry freedwomen, or women who have themselves followed the profession of the stage, or whose father or mother has done so; other freeborn persons are forbidden to marry a common prostitute, or a procuress, or a woman manumitted by a procurer or procuress, or a woman caught in adultery.

Justinian (6th century)
Under the rule of Emperor Justinian
 * The lex Julia on adultery: (Institutes 4, 18, 2–3) Public prosecutions are as follows… the Lex Julia for the suppression of adultery punishes with death not only those who dishonour the marriage bed of another but also those who indulge in unspeakable lust with males. The same Lex Julia also punishes the offence of seduction, when a person, without the use of force, deflowers a virgin or seduces a respectable widow. The penalty imposed by the statute on such offenders is the confiscation of half their estate if they are of respectable standing, corporal punishment and banishment in the case of people of the lower orders.

 * (Digest 4, 4, 37) But as regards the provisions of the Lex Julia… a man who confesses that he has committed the offence [i.e. adultery] has no right to ask for a remission of the penalty on the ground that he was under age; nor, as I have said, will any remission be allowed if he commits any of those offences which the statute punishes in the same way as adultery; as, for example, if he marries a woman who is detected in adultery and he declines to divorce her, or where he makes a profit from her adultery, or accepts a bribe to conceal illicit intercourse which he detects, or lends his house for the commission of adultery or illicit intercourse within it; youth, as I said, is no excuse in the face of clear enactments, when a man who, though he appeals to the law, himself transgresses it.

title: Lex Julia


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User talk:Paulabowes

Welcome
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you very much for your contributions so far. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
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 * Naming conventions
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By the way, did you know that you can use spaces and capital letters for your username? It's true! If you want, you can change your username to "Paula Bowles". It might be more pleasing to to the eye.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! - Nat Krause 12:27, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Paulabowes


text:
Live at Knebworth

Live at Knebworth, also known as Live Summer 2003 with different cover text, is a live album by English pop singer Robbie Williams, recorded and released in 2003. The album is his first live album, and is a compilation of songs performed during three consecutive shows at Knebworth, England on 1–3 August 2003.

The three shows attracted a total of 375,000 fans, becoming the "biggest music event in British history". It is the second fastest and biggest selling live album ever in the United Kingdom behind Williams' former band Take That's live album The Greatest Day – Take That Present: The Circus Live. It has been certified 2× Platinum by the IFPI for sales over 2 million copies.

The DVD released of that Summer's three performances at Knebworth Park was entitled What We Did Last Summer, a reference to the film I Know What You Did Last Summer. It went on to sell 350,000 in the United Kingdom. In Australia, the DVD went on to sell 165,000 copies, 25,000 more than the actual album.

Williams' former Take That bandmate Mark Owen was invited to perform "Back for Good" on stage with him at Knebworth. This was the first time the two had performed together since the band split in 1996. After performing with Williams, Owen returned to the spotlight, signing a deal with Island/Universal Records.

Track listing

 * 1) "Let Me Entertain You" – 5:54
 * 2) "Let Love Be Your Energy" – 4:46
 * 3) "We Will Rock You" – 1:18
 * 4) "Monsoon" – 5:11
 * 5) "Come Undone" – 5:34
 * 6) "Me and My Monkey" – 7:20
 * 7) "Hot Fudge" – 5:44
 * 8) "Mr. Bojangles" – 5:26
 * 9) "She's the One" – 5:43
 * 10) "Kids" – 7:22
 * 11) "Better Man" – 2:12
 * 12) "Nan's Song" – 4:50
 * 13) "Feel" – 5:16
 * 14) "Angels" – 5:56

Pregaps
Between-song banter and various mini-songs can be found between some of the songs on the album in pregaps:
 * Robbie Williams talking to the audience (0:41, between tracks 4 and 5)
 * Robbie Williams talking to the audience (0:37, between tracks 5 and 6)
 * Robbie Williams introducing "Hot Fudge" (0:06, between tracks 6 and 7)
 * Robbie Williams introducing Max Beesley whilst singing a little song about him (1:35, between tracks 7 and 8)
 * Robbie Williams talking to Max Beesley whilst Beesley plays a song on piano (1:21, between tracks 8 & 9)
 * Robbie Williams talking to the audience (1:20, between tracks 9 and 10)
 * Robbie Williams singing a song about Knebworth and his mother (1:10, between tracks 10 and 11)
 * Robbie Williams introducing "Nan's Song" (0:18, between tracks 11 and 12)
 * Robbie Williams introducing "Feel" (1:31, between tracks 12 and 13)
 * Robbie Williams introducing "Angels" (0:44, between tracks 13 and 14)

Singles
In Mexico and Argentina, EMI Music sent a promotional CD to radio stations featuring "Feel" and "Angels" live from the show.

Personnel

 * Max Beesley: percussion, piano
 * Dave Bishop: flute, saxophone
 * Yolanda Charles: bass guitar
 * Melvin Duffy: slide guitar
 * Simon Gardner: trumpet
 * Katie Kissoon: background vocals
 * Tessa Niles: background vocals
 * Gary Nuttall: guitar, background vocals
 * Mark Plati: guitar, keyboards, background vocals
 * Chris Sharrock: drums
 * J. Neil Sidwell: trombone
 * Steve Sidwell: trumpet
 * Paul Spong: trumpet
 * Neil Taylor: guitar, background vocals
 * Chris White: flute, saxophone
 * Robbie Williams: vocals
 * Claire Worrall: guitar, keyboards

Concert track listing
The album was recorded in three evenings in Knebworth and then cut. The set lists for the three performances were:

title: Live at Knebworth


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User talk:Stois

Welcome
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you very much for your contributions so far. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

You might also want to consider changing your username before you get too invested in your current one. Although you are allowed to use just about any name, many Wikipedians encourage others to use real names. I would suggest that you do this. I can certainly understand that you might be uncomfortable using your real name online, but, in this case, I recommend that you choose an alias that resembles a real name. For instance, my name is Nat Krause, but I could just as well have a username such as "Eli Miller" or "Abe Sokolov".

If you are choosing a pseudonym, please do not use the names of famous people or fictional characters. An obscure literary reference is probably all right. As always, please avoid anything that could be considered offensive or inappropriate.

Note that, on Wikipedia, you can use spaces and capital letters; for instance, "T. K. Truong" is possible, rather than simply "tktruong".

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!—Nat Krause 12:29, 6 October 2005 (UTC), (Talk!)

title: User talk:Stois


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tally Hall

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. -R. fiend 04:32, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Tally Hall
I feel that this article is purely self-promotional and irrelevent knowledge. 202.122.69.82 12:30, 6 October 2005 (UTC) /* Tally Hall */ The Lennon award is a grammy for young songwriters, they have an unprecedented underground following (6 in wikipedia guidlines), and banana man is an internet phenomenom. keep it. Keep. They're just 3 weeks away from putting out an album that will surely bring their notoriety up to Wiki guidelines. Put the discussion on hold for 2 months, I say.
 * Notability established. Keep. DS 14:24, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Established how? I'm a big booster for the Michigan music scene, but unless I'm totally missing something, I don't see anything here that meets WP:MUSIC.  Sadly, I have to go Delete for now.--Isotope23 15:47, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Grand Prize in the BMI John Lennon Songwriting Contest, and being a semifinalist in the MtvU thing? I think those are notable. DS 16:18, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Those are great accomplishments, but they still fall short of WP:MUSIC unless you consider the BMI John Lennon Songwriting Contest to be a major award on the level of a Juno or Grammy. It appears to be more of a scholarship than a major award though.--Isotope23 16:38, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You could argue that Tally Hall has gained cult status from the "Banana Man" music video on Albino Black Sheep. --GoodEvilMan 20:10, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Fails WP:MUSIC maybe later when they get more notable --JAranda | yeah 01:05, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You'll be pretty hard pressed to prove that the Lennon award is anywhere close to a grammy in importance. As for your other contention, can you provide any evidence to back up you claim that Tally Hall satisfies WP:MUSIC #6?--Isotope23 20:43, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not yet notable enough. Dottore So 06:59, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

DELETE. Realistically, the chances that their new album will give them enough notability to meet the wikipedia guidelines are slim to none. There are literally thousands of such bands out there who put out albums and fail to get noticed, why would these guys be any different? Certainly there is a chance that they could become big, but that chance is infinitly small and thus I see no is no reason for tableing the debate. Its like saying: "I'm going to hold off on planning my retirement until after I've won the lottery." Certainly I have a chance of winning the lottery, but that chance is so small that it dosen't make rational sense to take such a possiblity into consideration.

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Mike McGavick

Cleanup
This page needs to be cleaned up from the current bulleted list it has now. Also, I feel like it could use an NPOV scrub. It just doesn't feel like an encyclopedia article. Velvetsmog 12:30, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Some of this had already been done. I did my best to finish it up. I think it's pretty clean now. Pudge 16:00, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

DUI
His DUI has so far been the biggest story of the election.

Polls
How about removal of the polls section? It seems inappropriate for Mike McGavick's page as the polls are more reflective of the Senate Race, not Mike as a person. --Bobblehead 21:55, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Well there are polls on the Maria Cantwell and Gregoire pages.

--8bitJake 21:56, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

 * They have approval rating polls, which is appropriate for standing politicians. McGavicks polls are redundant and incomplete in comparison to the polls on the Senate race page. --Bobblehead 04:00, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

 * But he is a standing politician. --8bitJake 15:26, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

 * No he is not, he's attempting to get elected, but if he wins, this will be his first eelcted position. However, a more correct way of me saying it is that Maria Cantwell and Christine Gregoire have polls on their pages because they are approval ratings, which are only appropriate for elected officials. --Bobblehead 02:37, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

 * If the polls duplicate what is on the race page, they don't need to be here. Chadlupkes 05:06, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

Say b'bye to the poll section. They are redundant and incomplete to the polls on the senate race page. --Bobblehead 05:38, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

Well by that rational I guess I could take the polls off the Governor Gregoire and Senator Cantwell pages as well.--8bitJake 16:38, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

 * As I've mentioned a couple of times, the polls on Gov. Gregoire and Sen. Cantwell are not election polls, they are approval ratings. Well, the one on Gregoire's is. Cantwell's are election results. Once this election is over, then McGavick's page can be updated with the results of the Senatorial election. Until then, the appropriate place for polls related to the Senatorial race is in the Senatorial Election article. --Bobblehead 20:16, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I wanted to mention that Rasmussen is an internet poll, whereas the Democratic press-reselased one is (basically) a average of all polls for one-two month period. OB-rad 20:24, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the info.. Not sure why you posted it here or to which democratic press-released one you're talking about, but it's good info to have none the less. :) --Bobblehead 20:34, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Mike McGavick