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Kilkenny GAA

The Kilkenny County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (Kilkenny GAA) (Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Cill Chainnigh) is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Kilkenny. The county board has its head office and main grounds at Nowlan Park and is also responsible for Kilkenny county teams in all codes at all levels. The Kilkenny branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association was founded in 1887.

In hurling, Kilkenny competes annually in the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, which it has won 36 times (a national record), the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship, which it has won 73 times, and the National Hurling League, which it has won 19 times(a national record).

The camogie team has won both the National Camogie League and the All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship 15 times each.

Clubs
12 club teams annually contest the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship. Tullaroan and Ballyhale Shamrocks are the competition's most successful clubs with 20 championship titles apiece, though Shamrocks has a better record in both the Leinster Senior Club Hurling Championship and the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship. A secondary competition, the Kilkenny Senior Hurling League, takes place annually between the same 12 teams.

A second tier of 12 club teams compete annually in the Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship as well as in the Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling League.

A third tier of 12 club teams compete annually in the Kilkenny Premier Junior Hurling Championship as well as in the Kilkenny Premier Junior Hurling League.

County team
Kilkenny is the most successful county team at senior level in the history of the game of hurling. Kilkenny has won the All-Ireland Championship 36 times as of 2019 and has won the provincial Leinster Championship on 71 occasions as of 2019.

The 1930s proved to be one of the county's most successful decades, book-ended by two of the most famous All-Ireland finals of all-time. The 1930s saw Kilkenny battle it out with Limerick for the title of team of the decade. In 1931, Kilkenny were back as Leinster champions before squaring up to Cork in the All-Ireland final. At half-time Cork lead. However, Kilkenny fought back to secure a draw. In the replay, Cork again led at half-time. However, Kilkenny fought back to force a second draw. In the third game of the series, Kilkenny were without the services of Lory Meagher, and Cork secured the victory by seven points. 1932 saw Kilkenny back in the All-Ireland final. Clare, surprise winners in Munster, provided the opposition. Kilkenny won the game by a goal and claimed their first championship in a decade. The following year, Kilkenny were back in their third successive championship decider, this time against Limerick. Once again, the game was a close affair; however, Kilkenny won the day to seal back-to-back All-Ireland titles. In 1935, Kilkenny regained their Leinster crown before lining out in the All-Ireland final. Limerick provided the opposition once again. Kilkenny won the close game by a single point. In 1939, the team was back in the All-Ireland final. On the day that the Second World War broke out, Kilkenny took on Cork at Croke Park. Both sides were level throughout much of the game, the climax of which was played in a thunderstorm. Terry Leahy was the hero for Kilkenny as he scored the winning point in the dying seconds of the game.

Kilkenny were forced to withdraw from the championship in the early 1940s because of an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in the county. They regained the Leinster title in 1943, but Antrim pulled off the biggest hurling shock of all-time by defeating 'the Cats' in the All-Ireland semi-final. In 1946, Kilkenny were back in the championship decider, this time taking on Cork. The first-half saw both sides trade the lead on several occasions. However, in the second half Cork scored five goals to deny Kilkenny for the second consecutive occasion. The Cork-Kilkenny rematch took place in the 1947 All-Ireland final. Cork were aiming to win a sixth All-Ireland title in seven years, while Kilkenny were hoping to avoid being the first team in history to lose three All-Ireland finals in-a-row. Kilkenny were leading for much of the game. However, Cork scored two late goals to nearly win the match. Terry Leahy scored the winning point once again for Kilkenny to give the county its thirteenth All-Ireland title. The All-Ireland victory in 1947 ushered in a lean period in Kilkenny hurling that lasted for over a decade. The 1957 All-Ireland final saw Kilkenny take on Waterford for the first time in the history of the championship. Waterford led with fifteen minutes left in the match. However, Kilkenny fought back to win by 4–10 to 3–12. In the 1963 All-Ireland final, Waterford fought back from being 11-points down. However, Kilkenny won by two points. In 1964 Kilkenny faced the 1961 & 1962 champions Tipperary in the All Ireland final, on this occasion they were beaten by a dominant physical Tipperary team. 1967 saw Kilkenny win another Leinster title before lining out in their fourth All-Ireland final of the decade. Tipp again provided the opposition; however, Kilkenny got goals at vital times and secured victory. It was Kilkenny's first championship victory against their rivals Tipperary in 44 years of Championship hurling.

The Kilkenny hurling teams from 1969 until 1975 featured such players as Eddie Keher, Dick O'Hara, Ollie Walsh, Noel Skehan, Frank Cummins, Fan Larkin and Pat Henderson. 1969 saw Kilkenny wrest the Leinster title back from Wexford and qualify for an All-Ireland final appearance against Cork. The game ended in 'the Cats' favour on a score line of 2–15 to 2–9. Kilkenny won five provincial titles in-a-row between 1971 and 1975. The team also made five consecutive All-Ireland final appearances during those years, a record which stood till 2011. In 1971 Kilkenny faced Tipperary in the championship decider. In the first final broadcast in colour by RTÉ, Eddie Keher scored a record 2 goals and 11 points; however, he still ended up on the losing side as Tipp won on a score line of 5–17 to 5–14. 1972 saw the only 80-minute final between Kilkenny and Cork. Cork were in control in the second half and were eight points ahead. However, Kilkenny upped the ante and won the game by seven points, in what was a significant fifteen-point turnaround. In 1973, Kilkenny squared up to Limerick in the championship decider for the first time since 1940. Injury, illness and emigration saw a depleted Kilkenny team take on the Munster champions and lose their status as All-Ireland champions. 1974 saw a Kilkenny-Limerick rematch. Limerick took an early lead. However, 'the Cats' goal power secured a 12-point win. In 1975, Kilkenny took on a Galway side that had stunned Cork in the All-Ireland semi-final. Galway led at half-time. However, the Kilkenny men fought back and secured a 12-point victory once again. By the time the team won their next Leinster title in 1978, the successful team of the early 1970s was breaking up. 1979 saw an injection of new blood into the team as Kilkenny won their seventh provincial title of the decade. The side later took on and defeated Galway. The early 1980s saw the great Kilkenny team of the 1970s break up as Offaly emerged as a new force in Leinster. 'The Cats' fought back in 1982 by capturing the National League and the Leinster title. Christy Heffernan's two goals in a forty-second spell gave Kilkenny a victory over Cork in the subsequent All-Ireland final. In 1983, Kilkenny completed what they call 'the double-double' as they captured back-to-back League, Leinster and All-Ireland honours. Cork were defeated once again in the championship decider. Kilkenny's hopes of capturing the three-in-a-row were dashed in the provincial championship of 1984. The legendary goalkeeper Ollie Walsh took over as manager at the turn of the decade.in 1987 Galway provided the opposition in the all Ireland final, who eventually emerged victorious, 1991 saw kilkenny win the leinster title and once again met their old rivals Tipperary in the all Ireland decider 20 years on from their last meeting in 1971, Tipperary went on to lift the last outing of the original Liam McCarthy cup and extend their record over kilkenny in all Ireland final meetings with a 4-point victory. In 1992, Kilkenny retained their Leinster crown before lining out in the All-Ireland championship decider against Cork. The team played into a strong wind in the first-half. However, they emerged as the victors on a scoreline of 3–10 to 1–12. A third consecutive Leinster title was collected in 1993 before ‘the Cats’ made a third consecutive All-Ireland final appearance. On that occasion Kilkenny retained the Liam MacCarthy Cup by a margin of five points.

In 2000, Brian Cody guided Kilkenny to a third consecutive Leinster title and a third successive All-Ireland final. Kilkenny trounced Offaly to take the title. In 2003 Kilkenny completed what they call ‘the double-double’ as they captured back-to-back League, Leinster and All-Ireland honours. In 2006, Kilkenny retained their National League and Leinster titles before reaching the championship decider yet again. Cork, who were attempting to capture their own three-in-a-row, provided the opposition; however, victory went to a superior Kilkenny side. In 2007, 'the Cats' won an unprecedented ninth Leinster title from ten campaigns. They later reached the All-Ireland final where they defeated Limerick to win their thirtieth championship title. In 2008 they won the Leinster title before defeating Waterford in the All-Ireland final. This team has been called the best team ever to play the sport. Later in the year Kilkenny went on to win the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship. Combined with the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship title, the All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship title (which is broadly a competition for the second string county teams) and of course the senior title: this marks a quadruple. The achievement was unique and marks a high point in the dominance of hurling by Kilkenny teams. In 2009, Kilkenny's dominance was lessened and it was suggested that they were entering a decline. They saw off an emerging Dublin side in the Leinster final thanks to two goals from Martin Comerford. Nevertheless, they reached the final and after a titanic battle with old rivals Tipperary which included a controversial penalty being awarded towards the end of the game, Kilkenny secured a four-in-a-row with a five-point win over Tipperary who mounted a formidable challenge to their crown in an absorbing final which made up for the mis-matches of the two previous years when only token resistance was presented by Limerick and Waterford. Kilkenny became the first team since Cork in the 1940s to do the four in a row. In 2010, Kilkenny defeated Galway to claim their twelfth Leinster title. They later reached the All-Ireland final where they faced last year's opponents Tipperary. However, it was different from 2009 as Tipperary's Lar Corbett tore through Kilkenny's full-back line with a hat trick of goals to deny Kilkenny the 5 in a row and a unique piece of hurling championship history. It was also Kilkenny's third defeat in an All-Ireland final under Cody and Kilkenny's 12th final loss to Tipperary in total. In 2011, Kilkenny faced Tipperary for the third final in a row. Kilkenny regained the All Ireland title defeating Tipperary 2–17 to 1–16. In the 2012 Leinster Senior Hurling Championship Final Kilkenny was defeated by Galway. Kilkenny bounced back beating Limerick and winning over Tipperary by double scores 4–24 to 1–15.

Kilkenny then met Galway in the All Ireland Final, and when Joe Canning scored the last point of the game, he forced a replay (the first since 1959). However Kilkenny showed great character during the replayed All Ireland Final and won on a scoreline of 3–22 to 3–11, their ninth success in thirteen championship seasons. In 2013, Kilkenny failed to make the All-Ireland semi-final stage for the first time since the 1996 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship with many signaling an end to Kilkenny's dominance. However, Kilkenny went on to claim the 2014 Walsh Cup, the 2014 National Hurling League, the 2014 Leinster Senior Hurling Championship and their 35th 2014 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. Brian Cody became the first manager in GAA history to win 10 Senior All-Ireland titles while Henry Shefflin became the first player in GAA history to win 10 Senior All-Ireland titles. The year was topped of when Richie Hogan picked up the GPA Hurler of the Year award. The 2015 season saw Kilkenny claim both the Leinster and All-Ireland title once again. Kilkenny pulled off a strong second half performance in the All-Ireland Final to see off Galway. It was Kilkenny's 36th All-Ireland win and the 11th under manager Brian Cody. The achievement was even more significant following a number of high-profile retirements at the end of the previous season. Kilkenny once again made the all Ireland final in 2016 in a bid for three titles in a row only to be defeated in a high scoring encounter by neighbour's Tipperary, 2019 saw a loss to Wexford in the Leinster final however Kilkenny recovered to shock reigning champions Limerick out of the Championship and set up another final appearance, Old rivals Tipperary once again provided the opposition. After a good start Kilkenny faded out of the game and ultimately lost another final to their arch rivals.

Camogie
Kilkenny's Camogie breakthrough came with their first Leinster title in 1972 and All-Ireland title in 1974. They have enjoyed two periods of ascendancy in the All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, winning 13 titles in all, three titles in four years 1974–77, another in 1981, seven in a row between 1984 and 1991 then 1994 and the latest victory coming in 2016. They won a National Camogie League four-in-a-row 1987–90 and nine titles in all by 1993, adding five more in 2008, 2014, 2016, 2017 and 2018. They dominated the under-18 minor grade in the four years after its introduction winning the championships of 2006–9.

Five Kilkenny clubs have won the All-Ireland Senior Club Championship, St Paul's (8), St Lachtain's (3), and Lisdowney (1994). There is one Kilkenny club so far to have won the All-Ireland Intermediate Club Championship, that is Piltown in (2015).

Notable camogie players include Angela Downey and her sisters Ann and Marina Downey, team of the century members Liz Neary and Bridie Martin, player of the year recipients Mary Connery, Ann Dalton, Claire Hanrahan, Breda Holmes, Helena O'Neill and Biddy O'Sullivan, All Star award winners Elaine Aylward. Jacqui Frisby. Imelda Kennedy, Sinéad Millea, Aoife Neary and Katie Power, young players of the year Denise Gaule and Marie Dargan, and All Ireland winners Teresa O'Neill, Ursula Grace and Ann Carroll.

Under Camogie's National Development Plan 2010–2015, "Our Game, Our Passion," five new camogie clubs are to be established in the county by 2015.

Kilkenny have the following achievements in camogie.

 * All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship: 15
 * (click on year for team line-outs) 1974, 1976, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1994, 2016, 2020, 2022
 * All-Ireland Intermediate Camogie Championship: 2
 * 2008, 2016
 * All-Ireland Junior Camogie Championship: 1
 * 2002
 * All-Ireland Minor Camogie Championship: 7
 * 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2015, 2021
 * All-Ireland Under-16 Camogie Championship: 7
 * 1988, 1989, 1991, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
 * National Camogie League: 15
 * (click on date for teams) 1978, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 2008, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2021
 * National Junior Camogie League (Division 2): 1
 * 2006
 * Camogie All-Stars: 46
 * 2004 (1), 2006 (1), 2008 (1), 2009 (5), 2010 (1), 2013 (4), 2014 (3), 2016 (8), 2017 (4), 2018 (5), 2019 (4), 2020 (6), 2021 (3)

Clubs
Their local competition is the Kilkenny Senior Football Championship.

County team
In the GAA's early years, Kilkenny had some success at football. Between 1888 and 1911 Kilkenny contested seven Leinster finals, winning three. They won the first-ever Leinster Senior Football Championship, which was played in 1888, with a victory over Wexford. However, the rest of the championship was abandoned due to the players’ tour of America, known as the US invasion. Further success in Leinster followed in 1900 against Louth 12 points to no score. Kilkenny went on beat Tipperary in the 1900 All-Ireland semi final, 1–7 to 0–8. The game was refixed following an objection by Tipperary, Kilkenny refused to play, so the match was awarded to Tipperary. Tipperary went on to win the All-Ireland final, beating Galway 2–20 to 0–1. The 1911 Leinster final between Kilkenny and Meath was awarded to Meath because Kilkenny were late. Kilkenny objected and won by 2–4 to 1–1 on the field of play. In 1914, the young team mascot, Peter Dunne, had to line out to complete their team. Kilkenny county footballers have not won a senior championship match since 1929, when they defeated Louth by 0–10 to 0–4. Their best championship result since was a 3–8 to 3–4 defeat against Kildare in 1961. 1982 was their last championship campaign. In the league their 1970–71 league campaign yielded four victories and they won three games in a row in early 1988 League and O'Byrne Cup games.

Kilkenny is unique among the 32 Irish county associations in not participating in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. They played in the Tommy Murphy Cup, a second-tier competition for weaker footballing counties, for four of the five years it was played. However, even in this competition they lost every game they played. Kilkenny entered the National Football League for the first time in many years in 2008 but did not find any success, losing every game bar one up to, and including, the 2011 competition. The county withdrew from that competition following the 2012 edition. Kilkenny compete in the Leinster Junior Football Championship, their most notable win coming in 2011, when they defeated Wexford 3–5 to 0–13.

There is an excellent underage and adult club football structure in Kilkenny. Glenmore, Mullinavat, Railyard and Muckalee are the football strongholds. However the lure of county and club hurling championships deprives Kilkenny of its best footballers.

In 2015, Kilkenny won the All-Britain Football Championship, defeating Scotland in the final.

Honours

 * Leinster Senior Football Championships: 3
 * 1888, 1900, 1911
 * All-Britain Football Championships: 3
 * 2015, 2017, 2018
 * All-Ireland Junior Football Championships:  1
 * 2022

Ladies' football
Kilkenny won the 2007 All Ireland Ladies' Junior Football Championship, defeating London by 3–5 to 2–5 in Croke Park. Chairman – John Gorey Secretary – Trish Dempsey Treasurer – Richie Windle PRO – Noelle Curran

Kilkenny have the following achievements in ladies' football.

 * All Ireland Ladies' Under-16 Finalists: 1
 * 1975
 * All-Ireland Junior Ladies' Football Championship: 1
 * 2007

title: Kilkenny GAA


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Talk:Little Italy, Ottawa

Complete rewrite
This article was moved here from Preston Street (Ottawa) per this AfD entry, but hasn't been rewritten to be about its new topic yet. I've added a rewrite tag to make it not look quite so bizarre until I or someone else gets it turned around. — mendel ☎ 19:30, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * (And I've since rewritten it. — mendel ☎ 03:20, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Little Italy, Ottawa


text:
Enrico Cosenz

Enrico Cosenz (12 January 1820 – 7 August 1898) was an Italian soldier born at Gaeta.

As captain of artillery in the Neapolitan army, he took part in the expedition sent by Ferdinand II against the Austrians in 1848; but after the coup d'etat at Naples, he followed General Guglielmo Pepe in disobeying Ferdinand's order for the withdrawal of the troops, and proceeded to Venice to aid in defending that city. As commandant of the fort of Marghera, Cosenz displayed distinguished valor, and after the fall of the fort assumed the defence of the Piazzale, where he was twice wounded.

Upon the fall of Venice he fled to Corfu and in France. In 1859, in the wake of the Second Independence War, Cosenz went to Piedmont, where he assumed the command of a Hunters of the Alps (Cacciatori delle Alpi) regiment, fighting in the Battle of Varese.

He entered in the Sardinian army, only to exit in order to participate in the Spedizione dei Mille (Expedition of the Thousand), led by Garibaldi, that ultimately freed Sicily from Bourbon rule. In 1860 he conducted the third Garibaldian expedition to Sicily, defeated two Neapolitan brigades at Piale (August 23), and marched victoriously upon Naples, where he was appointed minister of war, and took part in organizing the plebiscite. He then rejoined the Italian Army with the rank of Lieutenant general; during the war of 1866 he was given command of a division, which however saw little combat.

After the war he repeatedly declined the portfolio of war. In 1882 he became the first Chief of Staff of the Regio Esercito, and held that position until 1893. He died at Rome in 1898, aged 78.

Commemoration
The Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) destroyer ITALIAN DESTROYER Agostino Bertani was renamed Enrico Cosenz in 1921 in honor of Cosenz.

title: Enrico Cosenz


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East Midlands Parkway railway station

East Midlands Parkway railway station is located north of Ratcliffe-on-Soar on the Midland Main Line in the East Midlands of England. It provides park and ride facilities for rail passengers on the routes from Leicester to Derby and Nottingham. It is also the closest station to East Midlands Airport, some 4 mi away, but without public transport link.

The station lies in south-west Nottinghamshire, close to the boundaries with Leicestershire and Derbyshire, between the stations at Loughborough, Long Eaton and Attenborough. When it opened, there was a little-used shuttle bus from the station to the airport, but this ceased not long afterwards. An hourly minibus service was re-introduced in 2015 but later withdrawn. The main station building and the 850-vehicle car park are to the west of the line, opposite Ratcliffe-on-Soar Power Station. Road access is via the A453, which provides a link to the nearby M1 motorway.

Description
East Midlands Parkway is located near the village of Ratcliffe-on-Soar in Nottinghamshire, close to the River Trent. Ratcliffe-on-Soar power station is next to the railway on the eastern side. The station is on the Midland Main Line, which runs from London to Nottingham and Sheffield, 118 mi from the London terminus at London St Pancras International. Just north of the station is Trent Junction, where the lines to Nottingham and Sheffield (via Derby) diverge. There are four platforms, two serving the western, "fast" lines, and two serving the eastern, "slow" lines.

Services
Fears were raised by various bodies including East Midlands Airport, about the service pattern proposed for the new station in 2008.

Donington Park motor racing circuit is nearby, and its then-owners expressed their desire for spectators to use the station or coach services when travelling to the circuit. The owners were also in support of any future light rail transport to East Midlands Airport itself.

All trains serving the station are operated by East Midlands Railway. The service pattern from London sees two northbound trains per hour (one each to Sheffield and to Nottingham), which leave within seven minutes of each other, and two per hour to London, which leave within 10 minutes of each other. The local service between Leicester and Lincoln Central via Nottingham also calls here once each way every hour.

History
Building work commenced on the new £25.5million station on 19 December 2007. It was due to be completed by 14 December 2008, but did not finally open until 26 January 2009.

The train operating company Midland Mainline was, until October 2006, responsible for the project, which remained in the planning stages for several years for the want of a small piece of land needed for the project. Responsibility was then transferred to Network Rail which anticipated expenditure of £5million in 2006/07 and £8million in 2007/08.

In its first year of operation the station was used by over 250,000passengers.

Controversy
People in nearby towns including Loughborough voiced their concerns that the opening of the station could lead to the reduction in the number of trains stopping there, although this was denied by former operator Midland Mainline. Another concern was the possible withdrawal of the existing bus service from Loughborough station to East Midlands Airport. A service from Loughborough to the airport (now extended to start from Leicester) is still running; however, since 25 April 2010, it has ceased to serve Loughborough railway station. As a result, there are no longer any direct late-night or early-morning bus services between the railway station and the town centre, with only a limited (every 40minutes) service operating on Sundays.

First year
To mark the first year of operation of the station, East Midlands Trains offered unlimited travel from the station for the day on Saturday 30 January 2010 under the promotional 'Red Dot Day' banner. The 850 space car park was full for the first time since the station opened and 2,787 passengers travelled. The station saw 182,412journeys in its first full year of operation.

Criticism
The station has been criticised as being poorly located. In 2011-12, East Midlands Parkway attracted just over one third of the projected annual passengers.

Facilities
East Midlands Parkway is a staffed station with four platforms and a ticket office, which is open 06:00–19:30 on Mondays to Saturdays and 07:30–19:30 on Sundays. Other facilities include: • Ticket vending machine

• Fast ticket machine

• Cafe

• Lifts to all platforms

• Waiting room

• Pay phone

• Cycle storage

• Accessible toilets

• Taxi rank

• Business lounge When opened 2009, East Midlands Parkway was one of the greenest stations in the United Kingdom. The station was built using locally sourced and recycled materials and uses a ground-source heating system.

In late 2009, East Midlands Parkway became a penalty fare station, so a valid ticket or permit to travel must be shown when requested.

Multi-modal
From 30 March 2009, the station has been used as an interchange station for combined multi-modal journeys using Megabus-branded services run by Stagecoach (the operators of both East Midlands Trains and of Megabus). The MegabusPlus services transport passengers from cities in the north of England to East Midlands Parkway, where passengers transfer to rail for the service to London.

Routes operated under the MegabusPlus brand are to/from:
 * London St Pancras International - Hull via Scunthorpe
 * London St Pancras International - Hull via York, Doncaster and Castleford
 * London St Pancras International - Bradford via Huddersfield and Halifax

Electrification and Future
The Midland Main Line is not electrified north of Kettering; therefore, all services are operated by diesel trains. This was set to change by 2019, when a scheme to electrify the remainder of the line had been due to be completed. This, along with increased line speeds, would have meant that the station would have been under 80minutes from the capital. However, the electrification scheme was cancelled in 2017.

In November 2021 the Government announced the abandonment of most of the eastern leg High Speed 2 and the Northern Powerhouse Rail scheme under the Integrated Rail Plan for the North and Midlands (IRP). As part of this the earlier proposal for the HS2 East Midlands Hub station on the Toton sidings site further north has been shelved and instead, the eastern leg of HS2 will connect to the Midland Line at a junction to the south of East Midlands Parkway. This will allow HS2 services to reach Derby and Nottingham directly, the absence of which was a criticism of the previous plan. The IRP also confirmed the rest of the Midland Line would be electrified, reversing a previous decision to cancel electrification.

In October 2023 it was announced that the Eastern Leg of HS2 is cancelled, along with the Birmingham to Manchester line. It will therefore not reach East Midlands Parkway. However the Midlands Rail Hub will go ahead, this will increase the number of trains from the East Midlands to Birmingham by routing more trains to Birmingham Moor Street.

title: East Midlands Parkway railway station


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User:KevinCole

I'm Kevin Cole, at the Gallaudet University in Washington DC. I'm interested in Linux, Esperanto, and Atheism. I serve as the team contact for the Washington DC Ubuntu LoCo and one of the hosts of the One Laptop per Child Learning Club, DC.

"Free software, free speech, free thought!"

title: User:KevinCole


text:
Talk:Zhang Lingsheng

Nominate for POV check
This article seems to have been written by a sympathetic author and assumes the reader accepts the doctrine of the author and the subject.
 * It says the subject "accepted the gospel", without defining what is meant by "the gospel".
 * It says the subject "received the gift of the Holy Spirit" as if it were universally accepted.
 * It uses inital upper case for the words "Elder" and "Deacon", as if they have specific meanings that are not defined within the article (as opposed to being generic terms).
 * It refers to the "One True God instead of Trinity" as if it were a universally-defined doctrine.
 * It refers to the practice of baptism using the words "their" and "our".

Joe 19:33, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Accuracy tags

 * To the person(s) who tagged the article with the and  templates, please specify on this talk page which parts you are referring to. In this way, other users would be able to fix it more easily.
 * Thankyou. --Phillip J (talk) 03:34, 21 December 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zhang Lingsheng


text:
User talk:Winchester12

Welcome to Wikipedia
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers such as yourself:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
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 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
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 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
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 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -- Spinboy 19:33, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Winchester12


text:
Ecclesiastical Licences Act 1533

The Ecclesiastical Licences Act 1533 (25 Hen. 8. c. 21), also known as the Dispensations Act 1533, Peter's Pence Act 1533 or the Act Concerning Peter's Pence and Dispensations, is an Act of the Parliament of England. It was passed by the English Reformation Parliament in the early part of 1534 and outlawed the payment of Peter's Pence and other payments to Rome. The Act remained partly in force in Great Britain at the end of 2010. It is under section III of this Act, that the Archbishop of Canterbury can award a Lambeth degree as an academic degree.

History
Peter's Pence was originally an annual tribute of one penny from each householder owning a land of a certain value to the Pope and had been collected in England since the reign of King Alfred. In the twelfth century it was fixed at an annual sum of £200 for the whole realm. It was not the largest payment to Rome but it is argued by Stanford Lehmberg that it was deliberately mentioned in the Act because it was theoretically paid by laymen and thus might have seemed more intolerable than payments affecting clerics only.

The Act abolished Peter's Pence and all other payments to Rome and accorded to the Archbishop of Canterbury the power to issue dispensations formerly given by the Pope. The fees which might have been charged for the dispensations were set and required royal assent, confirmed by the Great Seal of the Realm, in matters for which the usual fee was over £4.

On the 12 March 1534 the Commons passed the Bill and were possibly responsible, argues Lehmberg, for the clauses which claimed that the Act should not be read as a decline from the "very articles of the catholic faith of Christendom". A clause in the Bill gave the Crown the power to conduct visitations of monasteries which had been exempt from the Archbishop's jurisdiction and forbade English clergy from visiting religious assemblies abroad.

When the Bill came to the Upper House some clauses were added in the second and third reading. The Bill was passed on the 20 March after the fourth reading and after the Commons assented to the new clauses immediately. On the final day of the session, however, one more clause was added: the King would have the power at any period before 24 June to abrogate the complete Act or just a section of it as he so wished. Lehmberg puts forth the idea that Henry VIII still wanted some leverage in bargaining with the Pope after the French King recently attempted to reconcile Henry with Pope Clement VII. The final clause was never used as the French mission did not succeed.

Preamble
The preamble is noteworthy because it is written in the form of a petition from the Commons to the King and is one of the first mentions of a "papal usurpation" and because it reasserts the theory that England has "no superior under God, but only your Grace". It also claims that the authority of the King's "imperial crown" is diminished by "the unreasonable and uncharitable usurpations and exactions" of the Pope.

The preamble was repealed by section 1 of, and Part II of the Schedule to, the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969.

Section 1
This section was repealed by section 1 of, and Part II of the Schedule to, the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969.

Section 2
This section was repealed by section 1 of, and Part II of the Schedule to, the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969.

Section 5
This section (which amongst other things had the effect of requiring faculties to be registered by the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery) does not apply in relation to any faculty granted to a public notary.

Section 7
The words at the end of this section were repealed by section 4(a) of the Statute Law Revision Act 1948.

Section 11
As to this section, see section 5 of the Public Notaries Act 1843.

In this section (which relates to refusal of archbishop to grant licences etc.) any reference to the Lord Chancellor or Lord Keeper of the Great Seal (however expressed) is to be read as a reference to the Chancellor of the High Court. The Chancellor of the High Court may nominate another judge of that court to exercise his functions under this section.

Section 15
This section was repealed by section 1 of, and Part II of the Schedule to, the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969.

Section 16
This section was repealed by section 13 of, and Part I of Schedule 4 to, the Criminal Law Act 1967.

Section 19
This section was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1948.

Section 20
This section was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1948.

Section 21
This section was repealed by section 1 of, and Part II of the Schedule to, the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969.

Section 22
This section was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1948.

Section 23
This section was repealed by section 1 of, and Part II of the Schedule to, the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969.

Saving
The repeal by the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969 of section 2 of the Act of Supremacy (1 Eliz 1 c 1) (1558) does not affect the continued operation, so far as unrepealed, of the Ecclesiastical Licences Act 1533.

Repeal in the Republic of Ireland
This Act was repealed for the Republic of Ireland by sections 2(1) and 3(1) of, and Part 2 of Schedule 2 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 2007.

title: Ecclesiastical Licences Act 1533


text:
File:Goldfrapp - Number 1.jpg

Summary
The CD single cover for Goldfrapp's single "Number 1" (2005). The copyright of the CD single is owned by Mute.

Source
http://www.mute.com/releases/viewRelease.jsp?id=2636388

Rationale of fair use for Number 1 (Goldfrapp song)

 * 1) No free or public domain images have been located for this single.
 * 2) The image is of lower resolution than the original cover.
 * 3) The image does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the single in any way.
 * 4) For an article about a single, the cover artwork is very important and adds significantly to the article.
 * 5) This image is used on various websites, so its use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible than it already is.
 * 6) The cover is being used for informational purposes only.

title: File:Goldfrapp - Number 1.jpg


text:
Caerphilly RFC

Caerphilly Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team founded in 1887. Their home ground is Virginia Park in Caerphilly and their nickname is The Cheesemen. Caerphilly RFC currently play in the WRU Division Two East Central and are a feeder club for the Newport Gwent Dragons.

Caerphilly RFC also run a thriving Mini and Junior Section with teams from Under 6's up to Youth. The Youth compete in the Dragons A League whilst the Seconds (known as the Diamonds) compete in a mid district 2nds league. Caerphilly Rugby Football Club is the largest Community Rugby Club in Wales by participation numbers

History
The club was formed on 17 August 1887, and their first reported match was played on 20 October 1887, when Caerphilly played away to St. Andrew's (Cardiff), winning by 1 goal and 2 minors to 2 tries and 1 minor. Caerphilly played 25 matches in their first season, winning 12, drawing 8, and losing 5. Since then Caerphilly RFC have spent many years in the top divisions of Welsh league rugby. Caerphilly has twice been admitted as members of the WRU, once in 1900 and again in 1955 after the club had disbanded and then reformed.

Home ground
Their home ground, The Mollex Stadium (Virginia Park,) is a small stadium with all-seated stands on either side of the pitch and a non-seated stand at one end of the pitch. The ground has a maximum capacity 6,000. In World War II, German planes bombed Virginia Park, as they incorrectly believed it was being used as an airfield. On 6 May 2018 Caerphilly played host to the PRO 12 match between the Dragons (rugby union) and the Cardiff Blues which was switched from Rodney Parade. The match finished 26–24 to the Blues.

Recent success
Caerphilly made the national Bowl final in the principality stadium on 16 April 2017. The side lost to Shane Williams' Amman United 43-31.

Caerphilly have featured in two recent cup finals, the European Shield Final 2003 (losing to French team Castres Olympique) & the Welsh Cup Final in 2004 (losing to Neath RFC).

The club were also narrow runners up in Division One East in 2007/2008 season.

The club made it to the final of the Worthingtons Mid-District Bowl Final for the 2014/15 season, the final being held at Beddau RFC. Caerphilly lost to Porth RFC 29–23.

title: Caerphilly RFC


text:
Umagon

Umagon can refer to:

 * a character in the Command & Conquer series of video games
 * a character in the anime series Konjiki no Gash Bell! (called Ponygon in the English version)

title: Umagon


text:
Number 1 (Goldfrapp song)

"Number 1" is a song by English electronic music duo Goldfrapp from their third studio album, Supernature (2005). Written and produced by Alison Goldfrapp and Will Gregory, the song features a synthesiser and bass guitar arrangement and was written about the importance and meaningfulness that somebody shares with another, despite that it might not necessarily last.

The song was released as the album's second single in October 2005 to positive reviews from music critics. It was a commercial success, reaching the top 40 on the majority of the charts it appeared, and topped the US Hot Dance Club Play chart. The song has been remixed a number of times and was featured in advertising campaigns for the US retail company Target.

Background and writing
"Number 1" is a mid-tempo electronic love song about the importance and meaningfulness that somebody shares with another, despite that it might not necessarily last. The song was composed as a collaborative effort between Alison Goldfrapp and Will Gregory in late 2004 in the countryside of Bath, England. The song was written and recorded while Goldfrapp and Gregory were jamming in the recording studio, bouncing song ideas off each other. According to Goldfrapp, the song's lyrics are "a little bit more reflective and sensual" than those she had composed on Felt Mountain (2000) and Black Cherry (2003).

"Number 1" is written in the common verse-chorus form and features instrumentation from synthesisers and a bass guitar. It contains a synth and bass arrangement that the duo would use frequently on the rest of Supernature. Most of the song was composed on an old Roland String synth keyboard because Goldfrapp enjoyed the sounds that it exudes.

Music video
The music video for "Number 1" was directed by Dawn Shadforth and filmed in London, England in 2005. The video is set in a plastic surgery clinic where the staff and the patients, except Alison Goldfrapp, have a dog's head and a human body. The video's theme is a reference to the song's lyrics in which Goldfrapp sings "I'm like a dog to get you". The video depicts the story of a white poodle who is being operated on by Great Dane and Yorkshire Terrier surgeons (the receptionist and attendant nurses are saluki). Scenes of Alison Goldfrapp acting like a dog and dancing with the clinic's staff are intercut throughout the video.

The video premiered in the UK in early October 2005. The complete version of "Number 1" featured in the music video has been released commercially through CD singles and digital downloads, and some include remixes by Alan Braxe and Fred Falke.

Marketing and release
In October 2005, Goldfrapp performed "Number 1" on British television shows and toured Europe, playing the single and other new songs. The duo performed only one concert in North America at the Nokia Theatre in New York City on 5 December 2005. The US concert sold out rapidly, which overwhelmed Goldfrapp who did not expect the large turnout. In late 2006, "Number 1" was featured in Christmas advertising campaigns for the US retail company Target. The song, along with "Fly Me Away", was featured in six winter-themed television commercials.

"Number 1" was released as a various formats throughout the world. In the United Kingdom, a CD single was distributed on 31 October 2005. While most territories received a CD single and digital download release, the single was also issued as a vinyl single in November 2005 in the UK. A DVD single was also issued and included the "Postcards from the Summer" music video and a special performance film for "Satin Chic".

Critical reception
"Number 1" received positive reviews from music critics. MusicOMH.com's Michael Hubbard described it as a "warmer, calmer and cosier" song than previous single "Ooh La La", and wrote that "it maintains those Numanoid synth riffs that Goldfrapp now do so well". AllMusic gave the song a strong review, indicating it as a track pick from the album, commenting that "Number 1" "nails the laid-back sexiness that many of the other slower songs [on Supernature] attempt". Stylus Magazine gave Supernature a C+ rating but called the song "refreshing and effective", while About.com wrote that the track was "a stunning profession of love served up over electronic burbles and bouncy bass."

Commercial performance
"Number 1" entered the UK Singles Chart on 7 November 2005 at number nine, remaining on the chart for four weeks. Elsewhere, the song reached number 29 in Ireland and became Goldfrapp's second top-50 single on the singles chart. The song reached the top 40 in Italy and the top 100 in Germany.

In Canada, the song was released on 1 November 2005, reaching number 10 on the Canadian Singles Chart. Due to favourable reception, "Number 1" was released in the United States. Goldfrapp had previously found success in the dance clubs with "Strict Machine" (2003), and "Number 1" became their second consecutive release to reach the top of the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart. The song also reached number one on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart and number eight on the Hot Singles Sales chart.

Alternate versions
Alan Braxe and Fred Falke made the most well-known remix of the song, titled the "Alan Braxe and Fred Falke Main Mix", which was included on the CD single. The track, over seven minutes long, uses Goldfrapp's original vocals and features more prominent beats and synthesizers. The remix received mixed reviews from music critics. Stylus Magazine labeled it one of the "best club mixes", while Pop Journalism Magazine called the remix "dismal" and a poor choice. Braxe and Falk also created two other remixes, "Alan Braxe and Fred Falke Club Remix" and "Alan Braxe and Fred Falke Instrumental Remix", which appeared on the UK vinyl single. Icelandic electronic group Múm created the "Múm Remix", which provided the song with a minimalist ambient sound. The remix was included on Goldfrapp's remix album We Are Glitter in 2006, and the home console version of the dancing video game Dance Dance Revolution SuperNOVA 2 in 2007. A cover version by Jont appears on the 2007 compilation album, The Saturday Sessions: The Dermot O'Leary Show.

Track listings

 * CD single 1
 * 1) "Number 1" – 3:25
 * 2) "Beautiful" – 4:48

 * CD single 2
 * 1) "Number 1" (Alan Braxe & Fred Falke Main Remix) – 7:21
 * 2) "Ooh La La" (Live)* – 4:37
 * 3) "Number 1" (Video) – 3:29

 * DVD single
 * 1) "Number 1" (Postcards from the Summer) – 3:19
 * 2) "Satin Chic" (Special Performance Film) – 3:26
 * 3) "Lovely 2 C U" (T.Raumschmiere Rmx) (Audio) – 5:43
 * *Recorded at V Festival, 21 August 2005.

 * 12-inch single
 * 1) "Number 1" (Alan Braxe & Fred Falke Club Remix) – 7:18
 * 2) "Number 1" (Alan Braxe & Fred Falke Instrumental Remix) – 7:18

 * Digital single (2019)
 * 1) "Number 1" – 3:25
 * 2) "Beautiful" – 4:49
 * 3) "Number 1" (Alan Braxe & Fred Falke Main Remix) – 7:20
 * 4) "Number 1" (Alan Braxe & Fred Falke Instrumental Remix) – 7:20
 * 5) "Ooh La La" (Live)* – 4:34
 * 6) "Lovely 2 C U" (T.Raumschmiere Rmx) – 5:38
 * 7) "Lovely 2 C U" (T.Raumschmiere Instrumental Remix) – 5:36

Credits and personnel
The following people contributed to "Number 1":

 * Alison Goldfrapp – lead vocals, backing vocals, synthesizer
 * Will Gregory – synthesizer
 * Nick Batt – synthesizer, programming
 * Dave Bascombe - vocal arrangement
 * Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing
 * Ted Jensen – mastering

title: Number 1 (Goldfrapp song)


text:
User:Solensean~enwiki/monobook.js

//Godmode-light.js document.write('<\/SCRIPT>');

title: User:Solensean~enwiki/monobook.js


text:
The Brown Hornet

The Brown Hornet is a show-within-a-show (or more accurately, a cartoon-within-a-cartoon) which is a spin-off on the Filmation animated series Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids from 1979 to approximately 1984. The Brown Hornet was a show that Fat Albert's gang watched on a barely working television in their clubhouse. Originally the Brown Hornet was presented on a radio program by Cosby as an African-American version of the Green Hornet. During the cartoon the character was re-imagined as a caped and masked space hero.

The Brown Hornet was a golden-garbed black superhero who traveled the universe and always seemed to thwart the evil-doers and teach viewers a valuable lesson in the process. In each opening, the mighty Hornet and his two trusty masked sidekicks, his big and bumbling pink-clad pal Stinger and their squeaky little white robot Tweeterbell, were facing certain doom aboard their hornet-shaped spaceship until the fearless hero used one of his many amazing superpowers to save them all, usually with a simple snap of his white-gloved fingers. Their victory would be fleeting, however, as the episode would often end with a new threat emerging.

In the Fat Albert episode entitled "Video Mania", Weird Harold is seen playing a Brown Hornet arcade cabinet at a video arcade. In another episode, Fat Albert and his friends make their own Brown Hornet movie to submit to a film festival. The Brown Hornet also features prominently in The Fat Albert Easter Special (1982) where the Brown Hornet teaches Fat Albert and his friends the spirit of giving and rejuvenation.

Inspiration
The Brown Hornet's name is a play on the name of the old time radio hero The Green Hornet. In fact, Bill Cosby had done a syndicated radio Brown Hornet series around 1970 that directly parodied the old program and serials and the hardboiled detective genre in general as the hapless hero drove around in his "very fast car" the White Beauty having myriad misadventures with his hoarse-whispering sidekick Leroy and his pet dog Weaver.

Fictional theatrical film
The fictional film The Brown Hornet: The Great Galaxy World Adventure Movie was featured in the 2004 film Fat Albert.

Voice cast
The Brown Hornet - Bill Cosby

Stinger - Lou Scheimer

Tweeterbell - Erika Scheimer

Announcer - Norm Prescott/Lou Scheimer

Other media
The Brown Hornet appeared in the South Park episode "Imaginationland."

Black Thought of the hip hop band The Roots mentions the Brown Hornet in the lyrics to Thought @ Work.

Appeared as Bill Cosby's Henchman in the Black Dynamite episode "Sweet Bill's Badass Singalong Song or Bill Cosby Ain't Himself"

title: The Brown Hornet


text:
Natural skin care

Natural skin care uses topical creams and lotions made of ingredients available in nature. Much of the recent literature reviews plant-derived ingredients, which may include herbs, roots, flowers and essential oils,  but natural substances in skin care products include animal-derived products such as beeswax, and minerals. These substances may be combined with various carrier agents, preservatives, surfactants, humectants and emulsifiers.

There are no legal definitions in the U.S. for advertising terms "natural" or "organic" when applied to personal care products. Consumers often express a preference for skin products with organic and natural ingredients. The personal skin care market based on natural products has shown strong growth. Clinical and laboratory studies have identified activities in many natural ingredients that have potential beneficial activities for personal skin care, but there is a shortage of convincing evidence for natural product efficacy in medical problems.

Some natural products and therapies may be harmful, either to the skin or systemically. People prone to allergies should pay careful attention to what they use on their skin. Dermatologists may feel that there is enough scientific evidence to assist in the selection or avoidance of particular natural ingredients.

Background

Many countries require that the ingredient composition of skin care products is listed on the product, using the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) conventions. Ingredients are listed in the order of their percentage within the product; natural ingredients are listed in Latin and synthetic ingredients are listed by technical name. "The U.S. government has documented more than 10,500 ingredients in cosmetic products, but only a small percentage of those chemicals have been tested for safety. Of those that have been tested, some have been identified as carcinogens (causes cancer), teratogens (causes birth defects), and reproductive toxicants (damages the ability to reproduce)."

The FDA surveyed 1,687 consumers ages 14 and older in 1994 about their use of cosmetics. Nearly half of these consumers felt that a product claiming to be "natural" should contain all natural ingredients. However, although the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has designated within its certain requirements within its specific area of regulation for organic products, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not recognize a definition for natural products. Accordingly, there are no legal definitions in the U.S. for the advertising terms "natural" or "organic" in personal care products. The FDA prohibits certain ingredients in cosmetics.

Some organic products which are designated organic may be intensely modified, sometimes considerably more so than conventional products.

History
Plant extracts and herbs have been used by many cultures as cosmetics and perfumes since ancient times.

Research is scientifically assessing natural products, selected based on experience in the ancient era. Validated use of these materials and products awaits further assessment.

Consumer preference
Consumers often express a preference for skin products with organic and natural ingredients. The skin care market based on natural products has shown strong growth. Clinical and laboratory studies have identified activities in many natural ingredients that have potential beneficial activities for the skin. Dermatologists may feel that there is enough scientific evidence to assist in the selection of particular natural ingredients.

Consumers expected products to perform as advertised.

Industry response
Voluntary discontinuation of precursor substances that release small quantities of formaldehyde, which is a carcinogen, as well as reducing levels of the potentially carcinogenic impurity 1,4-dioxane. Polycyclic musk fragrance ingredients, which have raised concerns as persistent and bioaccumulative endocrine disruptors, are being discontinued.

Alternative medicine
There are significant reservations about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) including a "shortage of evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of CAM" for skin problems. However, patients express a desire to utilize natural ingredients as treatment. A literature search found a growing prevalence of CAM use for skin conditions. A number of textbooks address CAM perspectives of skin care. The purpose of this section is to review botanical compounds in skin care; a broader review the history and theory behind other CAM modalities such as psychocutaneous therapies, acupuncture and homeopathy can be found in recent reviews.

Western
The plant monographs with dermatological relevance of the former German Commission E have recently been reviewed.

According to Baumann, "Botanical compounds for which dermatologic and cosmetic applications have emerged include: olive oil, chamomile, colloidal oatmeal, oat kernel extract, feverfew, acai berry, coffee berry, curcumin, green tea, pomegranate, licorice, paper mulberry, arbutin, and soy. "Many of these botanical sources offer biologically active components that require further in vitro and in vivo investigation".

A review of 35 plant families found that a "variety of phytomolecules, derived in particular from polyphenols, triterpenes and sterols classes, demonstrated a promising activity."

Colloidal oatmeal may be beneficial in psoriasis. Aloe vera may help in atopic dermatitis. In both these conditions, the benefit may arise from anti-inflammatory properties. "For combating acne and rosacea, green tea, niacinamide and feverfew are considered efficacious. For hyperpigmentation and antioxidative capabilities, licorice, green tea, arbutin, soy, acai berry, turmeric and pomegranate are among those plants and compounds found to be most beneficial. Additional research is needed to determine to confirm and elucidate the benefits of these ingredients in the prevention and management of skin disease."

An assessment of clinical trials on green tea preparations and their uses in dermatology found some evidence for potential benefits.

Ayurveda
Ayurvedic skincare is derived from medicinal practices that began over 5,000-years ago in India. Ayurvedic medicine and healing practices are based on Indian philosophical, psychological, conventional, and medicinal understandings. Most of the ayurvedic skincare products contain the following herbs—aloe vera, almond, avocado, carrot, castor, clay, cocoa, coconut oil, cornmeal, cucumber, cutch tree, emu oil, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, grape seed oil, ground almond and walnut shell, horse chestnut, witch hazel, and honey.

Ayurvedic approaches have been used in molluscum contagiosum, lymphatic filariasis, vitiligo and lichen planus.

Phyllanthus emblica (amla, Indian gooseberry) has been used in ayurvedic medicine. Standardized extracts of Phyllanthus emblica have a long-lasting and broad-spectrum antioxidant activity. This may be suitable for use in Anti-aging cream, sunscreen and general purpose skin care products.

Substances
Natural skin care ingredients include jojoba, safflower oil, rose hip seed oil, shea butter, beeswax, witch hazel, aloe vera, tea tree oil, coconut oil, and chamomile.
 * Egg oil can be used as an excipient/carrier in a variety of cosmetic preparations such as creams, ointments, sun-screen products, or lotions. In Indian, Japanese, Unani (Roghan Baiza Murgh) and Chinese traditional medicine, egg oil was traditionally used as a treatment for hair care.
 * Jojoba is used for skin care because it is a natural moisturizer for the skin. Jojoba is actually a liquid wax that becomes solid below room temperature, but is known as an oil.
 * Shea butter is derived from the kernel of the shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa). Shea butter is known for its cosmetic properties as a moisturizer and emollient.

Research
Dermatological research suggests that the bioactive ingredients used in cosmeceuticals have benefits beyond the traditional moisturizer (e.g., Chen et al., 2005; Zettersten, Ghadially, Feingold, Crumrine, & Elias, 1997). However, despite reports of benefits from some cosmeceutical products, there are no formal requirements to prove that these products live up to their claims.

Biocompatible and environmentally friendly natural compounds have the potential to provide materials with photoresistant and thermoresistant properties.

Dehydroabietic acid (DAA), a naturally occurring diterpene resin acid, "has lifespan extension effects in Caenorhabditis elegans, prevents lipofuscin accumulation, and prevents collagen secretion in human dermal fibroblasts. We found that these anti-aging effects are primarily mediated by SIRT1 activation." DAA may activate SIRT1 enzymatic activity, which may have a preventive effect against the aging process.

Validated use of these materials and products awaits further assessment.

Related products
Cosmeceuticals are topically applied, combination products that bring together cosmetics and "biologically active ingredients". Products which are similar in perceived benefits but ingested orally are known as nutricosmetics. According to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act "does not recognize any such category as "cosmeceuticals". A product can be a drug, a cosmetic, or a combination of both, but the term "cosmeceutical" has no meaning under the law". Drugs are subject to an intensive review and approval process by FDA. Cosmetics, and these related products, although regulated, are not approved by FDA prior to sale.

Cautions
Some alternative and natural products and therapies may be harmful, either to the skin or systemically.

The FDA recommends understanding the ingredient label and says "There is no list of ingredients that can be guaranteed not to cause allergic reactions, so consumers who are prone to allergies should pay careful attention to what they use on their skin", further warning that "[t]here is no basis in fact or scientific legitimacy to the notion that products containing natural ingredients are good for the skin". Food preservatives are commonly used to preserve the safety and efficacy in these products. Alternative remedies may increase the prevalence of eczema. Bhuchar recommends that "ingestible substances including most homeopathic, Ayurvedic, and traditional Chinese medicine herbal formulations that are not US FDA regulated should be viewed with caution as they may cause severe adverse effects" such as arsenic poisoning and liver failure."

Given the shortage of evidence for natural skin care efficacy, if applied it may often need to be used in combination with conventional treatment, rather than independently. In fact, a recent 2022 study found that nearly all skin products that have the label "natural" actually contained ingredients that triggered contact dermatitis. The study looked at nearly 1,700 products.

According to Bhuchar, there is a consensus in the literature that dermatologists need more information about CAM. Wu advises that "dermatologists should be aware of what patients may be using and be able to advise them about the efficacy of these ingredients or the potential for adverse effects". Many patients fail to inform their physicians about their use of herbal ingredients.

title: Natural skin care


text:
Talk:Nora Ephron

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Sikelley. Peer reviewers: Juliacohen15, Ssieg22.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 05:22, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Novels
Can someone list the novels she wrote?

First marriage
There appears to be a factual problem. In Ms. Ephron's page it says her marriage to her first husband lasted nine years. When you visit the first husband's wikipedia entry it says the first marriage lasted six years. At least one of them is wrong. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.183.159.206 (talk) 20:22, 16 August 2009 (UTC)

Directing/writing credits
The film "Lucky Numbers" is listed as being both directed and written by Nora Ephron, but she actually only directed it.

Directed "You've Got Mail" (1998), starring Meg Ryan, Tom Hanks and Greg Kinnear. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.189.255.104 (talk) 04:48, 22 November 2018 (UTC)

Ugly Betty reference
Wasnt she mention by Wilhelmina Slater on Ugly Betty? I seem to remember her name popping up. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.47.27.209 (talk) 18:27, 2 April 2009 (UTC)

Dates
What I would like to know is, how can she have been pregnant with her son Max in 1980 when he was actually born in 1979, as his Wiki page states?! Katie1971  (  Let's talk!!  ) 06:29, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

 * This article has since been corrected by another editor. –  OhioStandard  (talk) 16:08, 23 December 2011 (UTC)

Marital status
"Ephron was married for more than 20 years to screenwriter Nicholas Pileggi and lived in New York City." The table at right suggests that she's still married, so the phrasing should be "has been married." I won't make the edit because I haven't seen the reference. Danchall (talk) 22:47, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

 * The Washington, DC newspaper, The Examiner says she married Nicholas Pileggio in 1989 and lived with him until her death. Geraldshields11 (talk) 12:37, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

Misspelling
"I Feel Bad Abut My Neck: And Other Reflections on Being a Woman" should be changed to "I Feel Bad About My Neck: And Other Reflections on Being a Woman" The CD book I am holding says "I Feel Bad about My Neck and other Thoughts on Being a Woman."

Judaism as ethnicity
I deleted the infobox line noting Nora's "ethnicity" as "Jewish." The premise of this notion is false. Judaism, as whole, is not an ethicity. Jews, in total, do not comprise one ethnic group. Rather, Judaism is a religion, whose adherents fall into a number of distinct ethnic groups. The largest of these are Ashkenazic (German or Eastern European), Sephardic (Spain and Portugal), Mizrahim (Middle Eastern, North African), but many smaller subgroups exist, including Indian Jews (Bene Israel), Romaniotes (Greece), Italian and Chinese Jews and many, many others from all corners of the globe. The customs of these groups are often different; so are the languages. But, most improtantly, the geneologies are different (different enough that one would term them different ethnicities). So Nora's ethnicity may be Ashkenazic (I don't know), but it is not "Jewish." --14:01, 27 June 2012 User:Ask123

 * She was definitely Ashkenazi. All Hallow's Wraith (talk) 15:17, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

 * This isn't really the place to debate the matter, but in the United States "Jewish-American" effectively functions as an ethnic identity on the same level as "Mexican-American", "Italian-American" etc. There are many ethnic Jews who would not dream of disavowing their ethnic Jewish identity, even though they are religiously far from devout (or even atheist).  The Ashkenazi vs. Sephardi issue is interesting for experts, but not so relevant for a brief identification in an article of this type (since only a small minority of U.S. Jews are Sephardis, etc.)... AnonMoos (talk) 23:52, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Jews are defined as an ethnic group and an ethnicity primary to any such wishful-thinkers' invention as "religion" which is chiefly the result of the misfortunate unscholarly blending of jewish faith with jews as the ethnonational distinction, the latter never having been bound to the religious dialectic subjugation at the academy or elsewhere. My guess is that the decision to sever Ephron posthumously from her ethnicity goes part with the tension between new-talk anti-zionist currents attempting to deny the perception of a jewish people and those identifying this one people as anthropologically equal to any other ethnos regardless of their political observation, virtually like most American jews do. Kindly restore the line specifying this article's subject's ethnicity. 94.230.84.157 (talk) 05:31, 28 June 2012 (UTC)

 * NNDB also has an Infobox for Nora Ephron. It reads "Religion: Jewish". Our Infobox should follow that example. Bus stop (talk) 15:53, 28 June 2012 (UTC)

Wall Street Journal article contradicts news of her death
It's written that she's ill, according to a representative - http://online.wsj.com/article/APe54c2e053b974492b904d2eb097682d8.html --99.186.110.193 (talk) 19:13, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

Reaction to death
many notable people have reacted to her death by commenting on her wit. This is not something to be expected for everyone who dies--we didn't hear it for Amy Winehouse and we won't hear it for GWBush. Removing it as the usual pap is a matter of personal taste, not faithfulness to the sources.

"her personal wit", Meryl Streep.

, "brilliant." , Billy Crystal.

, " All wisdom, wit", Meg Ryan.

, "wisdom and wit mixed with love for us and love for life." , Tom Hanks on behalf of himself and wife Rita Wilson.

, " A writer, director, wife, mother, chef, wit", Carrie Fisher.

, "R.I.P Nora Ephron. A witty, charming, lovely person." , Actor, writer, director Albert Brooks via Twitter.

, "RIP Nora Ephron brilliant gracious and FUNNY", Filmmaker Ron Howard via Twitter.

http://www.philly.com/philly/entertainment/20120627_ap_celebritiesreacttothedeathofnoraephron.html?cmpid=138887484#ixzz1z1yFDm7V

μηδείς (talk)`

Zac
So is this Zac Efron's mom or his grandma? It desn't say anywhere in the article: it is not the kind of thing to be missed out on Wikipedia! 180.93.193.90 (talk) 09:30, 28 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I guess you're missing a very obvious fact that Efron is not the same as Ephron, much less the easily readable info concerning Zac's parents on his own article. --99.186.110.193 (talk) 10:58, 28 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Since name spellings were not finite, the question of their possible relation isn't a bad one. There's a large "Efron" family site. Zac Efron descends from a Leibel Efron, born around 1870 and living in the town of Bocki. Nora Ephron's ancestry can evidently be traced back to an Israel Efron, born around 1750. See? The last names match. It's not so impossible that Zac Efron is descended from Israel Efron as well (or at least related to him) if you go back far enough. All Hallow's Wraith (talk) 15:09, 28 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Never mentioned it being impossible but thanks for that lesson in armchair genealogy. --99.186.110.193 (talk) 05:09, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

Copypaste issues
I added a hatnote  to the section Career, since the section was an almost word-by-word copy of the text at. This was replaced by the text: This section incorporates text from this source, which is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 3.0.

However, as I understand it, CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 is not compatible with the CC-BY-SA licence, so the copypaste problem remains. --Lambiam 11:21, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

 * I do not know what the status is, on this. I did notice that, at http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/pagegen/usage.html it says (in part):

 * "If you discover edited or modified versions of Academy of Achievement Podcasts and Interviews distributed online or used elsewhere, be aware that this is illegal and please inform us. For questions or comments, e-mail us at: editor_1@achievement.org"

 * Just "FYI"... --Mike Schwartz (talk) 21:48, 4 July 2012 (UTC)

I've now replaced this text with an old version, as you are correct that license is incompatible with Wikipedia. Dpmuk (talk) 18:21, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

Communist
She's included under the category "American communists" with no evidence in the article to support that. Are there any sources to show that she was a communist? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.23.47.120 (talk) 18:37, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

Better picture
please Lingust (talk) 01:51, 27 June 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nora Ephron


text: User talk:64.140.26.129

title: User talk:64.140.26.129


text:
Talk:Cheetah (character)

Untitled
I am surprised that the Barbara Minerva version of the Cheetah is refered to by the Wikipedia article as being "not evil". When introduced, this version committs a whole series of murders simply because her charcter need to drink blood and /or feed blood to the Urzkartaga plant simply to survive.

She is most definitely evil, and a cannibal.
 * How is that different from slaughtering animals for food? Besides, it doesn't say that she's not evil, simply not AS evil as the others. -- VederJuda 20:49, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * She's played both nemesis and friend to Wonder Woman during her career as The Cheetah. Thus, she isn't the standard "evil" you see with someone like say, Darkseid. She's more of a Catwoman, playing whatever role is necessary for her own benefit. She has killed people, but like VederJuda stated, most of them have been for her own survival. Not to say she's not blood-thirsty when she wants to be, but she's a lot more complicated than just "hero good, villan bad". Artemisboy 20:25, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

Hero Boxes
Hero boxes please.

Main Article Image
Hey there. I changed the main image to one depicting Barbara Minerva in her new Cheetah persona. Unfortunately my scanner is crap and only makes a decent scan on larger images. If someone would like to scan the same image but with a much clearer scan, I would be much appreciated. Just change the already existing image so that it doesn't become an orphan. Artemisboy 20:13, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I have a different image (the one when she's first seen as a human), but its a PNG.
 * But is it wise to have her in human form for the main SHB image? The cover for a future issue shows a silhouetted form that looks like Cheetah with her tail, not to mention she's more known as her animal-form (for example, the main Spider-Man image isn't the new, Iron-costume).--DrBat 19:24, 12 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, it is the most current representation of her to date. Perhaps if and when that changes to the newer image of a tailed Cheetah, it can be switched out again. Artemisboy 15:27, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Golden age cheetah.jpg
Image:Golden age cheetah.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 18:24, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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"Love leader"?
Is that implying a homosexual relationship between her and Wonder Woman? Booger-mike (talk) 23:53, 28 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cheetah (character)


text:
Talk:Cougar (disambiguation)

Women
Should the link concerning divorced women be deleted? This isn't urbandictionary, after all.
 * Maybe I just can't speak english, but that term is archaic? Is that some specialised language sense different from normal usage?  Because its a wildyl used term. WilyD 17:27, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

The slang term is still current, and used enough to be included on this dab page. Cougars can be of any marital status - they are not all divorced (although a significant proportion are). Nietzsche 2 (talk) 21:24, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

www.cougarhunter.ca - plagiarism
The lone Cougar Story posted on this site is ripped word-for-word from the Tucker Max website. It's Tucker's Akron MILF story. 71.108.29.21 20:54, 3 January 2006 (UTC) dumb man band.

Survived cougar attack
Wow, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6301575.stm --Sonjaaa 16:22, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Animal with most names??
I think this is the animal with the most names in the world, puma, mountain lion, red tiger, deercat, mountain devil, king cat, Mexican lion, panther, mountain screamer, silver lion, catamount, even sneak cat and lynx are all ones i think? does anyone know if this is true?? or can anyone back this up?Daniel625 22:36, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cougar (disambiguation)


text: Category:Old 97's albums

title: Category:Old 97's albums


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/David DeAngelo

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus (7 keep, 7 delete).  Rob e  rt  17:04, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

David DeAngelo
Weak Delete. This name has plenty of hits on Google, but as it stands, it is very promotional. Unless it had some serious re-work, I don't think it should be in Wikipedia. Thoughts? PhilipO 19:39, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - Borderline Adcruft the way it is written. I'm also not convinced of his notability, Google hits notwithstanding.  I'm abstaining for now, until I do a bit more research.  Still, I think a cleanup tag could be slapped on to fix some the (self?)-promotional language used in the article.--Isotope23 20:28, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete or Merge Notable dating coach within the Seduction Community an article that is also up for deletion. Unfortunately, the DeAngelo is extremely self-promotional and aggrandizing, even after extensive revisions.  There are also clear factual errors and blatant attempts to enhance his reputation.  For example, the "neg" is a "seduction strategy" devised and popularized by another seduction community guru known as Mystery]  Also, his real name is not "Mark Matthews". DutchSeduction 09:58, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete I don't see sufficient independent press coverage, which would be needed to provide a reliable bio on him. I don't think blog quotes, are sufficient sufficient counter-balance.  Also, the subject matter that this guy writes on, guarentees this article will permanently attract link spammers.  One of the blog links, used to provide criticism/balance, includes a sales pitch for the guy's book.  While I'm sure editor who added that link, did so in good faith, it's links to advertisements like that, which are extremely difficult to protect against.  --rob 21:05, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Strong keep. I've spent over five hours hours writing and editing this article frequently to remove extra links - take a look at today's history.  Unfortunately, people keep adding more and more positive things.  I strongly dislike what this guy teaches, but it's notable nonetheless - there are a lot of people out there who refer to these things like the "3-second rule."  --Quintin3265 21:26, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment DeAngelo didn't have anything to do with the 3-second rule. The term was invented by another teacher. Just FYI. DutchSeduction 10:01, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Just did a major cleanup, removing even more stuff that somehow got in there. Take a look at the revised article before voting.  --Quintin3265 21:42, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Hmmm. The vast majority of the text remains in the article - and the link for http://www.fastseduction.com went back in. I feel this just strengthens the case for its deletion IMHO. Cheers --PhilipO 22:16, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Fast Seduction is an important site to the article - most of what he teaches comes from or is posted there. I thought that, with the text, the issue was whether the article was NPOV - I made it sound a lot more negative.  --Quintin3265 22:26, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Strong keep. A Google search for "David DeAngelo" +"dating tips" results in over 41,700 matches.  This figure appears to be notable within his field.  Hall Monitor 23:36, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. As is evident from a Google search, David DeAngelo is well known and ought to be in Wikipedia. Filur 01:57, 30 September 2005 (UTC) User has less than 100 edits
 * Comment on fairness. This subscripted text is biased. I don't see how it's relevant how many edits this user has.  He didn't create his account after the vote began, he's contributed to quite a few articles, and this isn't an anonymous vote.  This text should be ignored and the vote counted.  --Quintin3265 20:23, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. Not only do the Google searches bear out the validity and merit of this material, the article itself offers an accurate summary of the key points behind the program. (Regardless of a given writer's opinion). Propose people maintain watch on the article for strong bias one way or the other and its overall length, but should not be deleted. -- Barrettmagic 08:26, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but article needs to be constantly monitored to remove any spammed links to seduction websites selling books, etc. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sonjaaa (talk • contribs) 13:05, 1 October 2005
 * Strong keep. David helped me turn my life around. --84.47.55.102 23:50, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete because the article about the larger movement to which DeAngelo belongs, the seduction community article, was deleted. Although I supported that articles existance, I felt that individual members of the seduction community would not merit their own articles because most of the theories of the movement evolved nearly collectively. Therefor this article should be deleted too if the other one was.
 * Delete as no merge possible.--nixie 01:26, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete This article is adcruft. Also suggest deleting Ross Jeffries for exactly the same reason.  The Seduction Community article had 10 references from independent news media like the New York Times and was still deleted.  What this means is that the Wikipedia community does not understand nor care to understand the Seduction Community. DutchSeduction 08:50, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I wrote this article well before articles on the seduction community, double your dating, and the other topics existed.  In fact, the term seduction community used to redirect to this article.  It existed on its own just fine for a month.  --Quintin3265 12:03, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Quintin, as you have interest in this area, why not work together on creating an NPOV article on the community, which does not unduly promote DeAngelo or any other commercial interest? The point is to explain the men's rights movement from which DeAngelo and Ross Jeffries have been profiting. DutchSeduction 15:12, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment It depends on the outcome of this vote. I don't see how this article is "adcruft" with 41,700 search results to his name, and after all the changes were made to it to make it NPOV.  If this article is deleted, I am not willing to spend another ten hours researching and removing spam only to have it risk deletion also.  If you want to change your vote to "keep," and work to improve this article, the article on the seduction community, and the article on Ross Jeffries, then I would certainly be willing to help you.  --Quintin3265 15:19, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Quintin, what you don't realize is that everything related to the seduction community is regarded as commercial spam by a large number of WP deletionists. We need to start from the beginning without any promotional biases toward any particular website or any commercial seduction teacher.  (This article is the most poorly written of the three you mentioned and the most POV.) Lest you or I be accused of sockpuppetry or spamming.  The bottom line for a lot of people is that the subject of guys picking up women is controversial and not notable, regardless of the amount of Google hits, television and newspaper coverage. DutchSeduction 09:56, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * If I can see some evidence of newspaper and television coverage, I might change my vote. - brenneman (t) (c)  00:49, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please if there is too much advertising we should edit this not erase it that is not the wiki way Yuckfoo 18:03, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. While there are several groups that mention him in addition to the multpile Google hits, I'm finding very little quality in there.  Is there any media coverage for this person, because I can't find any. -  brenneman (t) (c)  00:49, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment There are currently AfD and VfU votes taking place for this article, for Ross Jeffries and for Seduction Community. DeAngelo and Jeffries are two of the big commercial teachers to come out of the Seduction Community.  These two are also the ones who do extensive Internet marketing, so you will definitely get some Google hits for them.  Where media coverage is concerned, the most interesting (and IMO most NPOV) story revolves around the Seduction Community itself and covers a number of the "schools of thought" on this phenomenon.  Seduction Community had an extensive list of media references due to the recent publication of a book on the subject, 'The Game' by Neill Strauss. DutchSeduction 04:15, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment So was David DeAngelo (referenced in this new best-selling book 'The Game' by Neill Strauss). All the more reason to keep the article, as his program is now referenced in mainstream materials. To make an arguement something needs to be removed because there's a commercial element to it would require removal of every product/company article on Wiki (IE - movies, high-tech companies, etc.) And yes, his material changed my life as well. -- Barrettmagic 07:51, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Barrett, I agree. See my talk page and the VfU for Seduction Community, which endeavors to provide an unbiased portrayal of the seduction community - i.e. the trainers, books, etc, teaching people how to seduce women.  The topic overall is notable. The problem is that the subject is also controversial and a spam target.  You are showing bias to one particular businessman in this case.  He himself should probably be a footnote in a bigger story as he is barely mentioned in Neill Strauss' book. DutchSeduction 12:26, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Keep
 * Keep Notable enough. Przepla 13:52, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Howard County General Hospital

Untitled
The link to the Howard County General Hospital Site is correct HOWEVER, it does not link properly! The link - http://www.hcgh.org/ - keeps showing up as - http://www.hcgh.org/| - so that it won't work. [This appears to be fixed Deanlaw (talk) 03:02, 23 January 2008 (UTC) ]

title: Talk:Howard County General Hospital


text:
User talk:Dwickham

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. DJ Clayworth 19:40, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dwickham


text: User talk:24.106.176.94

title: User talk:24.106.176.94


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hyperpluralism

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was REDIRECT to pluralism.  Rob e  rt  17:08, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Hyperpluralism
Plain dictionary definition. The contents are nothing else but the def. itself. Shauri 19:41, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge/redirect to pluralism. This looks like a term that does get used in serious context, if rarely, but is better discussed in a larger context, because it's really just a slight extension of the concept of pluralism. CDC   (talk)  20:18, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete dicdef. Might be a Transwiki candidate...  I didn't check wiktionary to see if it is there.--Isotope23 20:21, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect per CDC, but I don't think there is enough there to formally redirect... --Daedalus-Prime 20:39, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Rokfaith

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
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Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 17:20, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

Slovenian help needed
Hello Rokfaith, I'm contacting you because we need some Slovenian translators to help with the deployment of the new VisualEditor on sl.wikipedia. There are help pages, user guides, and description pages that need translating, as well as the interface itself. The translating work is going on over on MediaWiki: Translation Central. I also need help with a personal message for the Slovenian Wikipedians. If you are able to help in any way, either reply here, or head over to TranslationCentral. Thanks for your time, PEarley (WMF) (talk) 23:13, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rokfaith


text:
Romanism

Romanism is a derogatory term for Roman Catholicism used when anti-Catholicism was more common in the United States.

The term was frequently used in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century Republican invectives against the Democrats, as part of the slogan "Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion" (referencing the Democratic party's constituency of Southerners and anti-Temperance, frequently Catholic, working-class immigrants). The term and slogan gained particular prominence in the 1884 presidential campaign and again in 1928, in which the Democratic candidate was the outspokenly anti-Prohibition Catholic Governor of New York Al Smith.

In Northern Ireland, the term was also used by Democratic Unionist Party founder Ian Paisley in anti-Catholic speeches.

title: Romanism