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Waresley

Waresley is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Waresley-cum-Tetworth, in Cambridgeshire, England. Waresley lies approximately 11 mi south of Huntingdon and 5 mi south-east of the town of St Neots. Waresley is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England.

At the time of the 2001 census, the population of Waresley parish was 293. At the time of the 2011 Census the population was included in the Civil Parish of Little Gransden.

History
In 1085 William the Conqueror ordered that a survey should be carried out across his kingdom to discover who owned which parts and what it was worth. The survey took place in 1086 and the results were recorded in what, since the 12th century, has become known as the Domesday Book. Starting with the king himself, for each landholder within a county there is a list of their estates or manors; and, for each manor, there is a summary of the resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value.

Waresley was listed in the Domesday Book in the Hundred of Toseland in Huntingdonshire; the name of the settlement was written as Wederesle,  Wedreslei and Wedresleie in the Domesday Book. In 1086 there were three manors at Waresley; the annual rent paid to the lords of the manors in 1066 had been £10.5 and the rent had fallen to £8.6 in 1086.

The Domesday Book does not explicitly detail the population of a place but it records that there were 28 households at Waresley. There is no consensus about the average size of a household at that time; estimates range from 3.5 to 5.0 people per household. Using these figures then an estimate of the population of Waresley in 1086 is that it was within the range of 98 and 140 people.

The Domesday Book uses a number of units of measure for areas of land that are now unfamiliar terms, such as hides and ploughlands. In different parts of the country, these were terms for the area of land that a team of eight oxen could plough in a single season and are equivalent to 120 acre; this was the amount of land that was considered to be sufficient to support a single family. By 1086, the hide had become a unit of tax assessment rather than an actual land area; a hide was the amount of land that could be assessed as £1 for tax purposes. The survey records that there were 8.5 ploughlands at Waresley in 1086 and that there was the capacity for a further six ploughlands. In addition to the arable land, there was 45 acre of meadows and 21 acre of woodland at Waresley. The tax assessment in the Domesday Book was known as geld or danegeld and was a type of land-tax based on the hide or ploughland. It was originally a way of collecting a tribute to pay off the Danes when they attacked England, and was only levied when necessary. Following the Norman Conquest, the geld was used to raise money for the King and to pay for continental wars; by 1130, the geld was being collected annually. Having determined the value of a manor's land and other assets, a tax of so many shillings and pence per pound of value would be levied on the land holder. While this was typically two shillings in the pound the amount did vary; for example, in 1084 it was as high as six shillings in the pound. For the manors at Waresley the total tax assessed was ten geld.

By 1086 there was already a church and a priest at Waresley.

The name Waresley probably means 'woodland clearing of a man called Wether or Wær. ' In 1801, Waresley's population stood at 195 people and in 1901, it was 216.

Government
Waresley is part of the civil parish of Waresley-cum-Tetworth, which has a parish council. The parish council is elected by the residents of the parish who have registered on the electoral roll; the parish council is the lowest tier of government in England. A parish council is responsible for providing and maintaining a variety of local services including allotments and a cemetery; grass cutting and tree planting within public open spaces such as a village green or playing fields. The parish council reviews all planning applications that might affect the parish and makes recommendations to Huntingdonshire District Council, which is the local planning authority for the parish. The parish council also represents the views of the parish on issues such as local transport, policing and the environment. The parish council raises its own tax to pay for these services, known as the parish precept, which is collected as part of the Council Tax. The parish council consists of five parish councillors and a parish clerk. The parish council normally meets four times a year. The parish precept for the financial year ending 31 March 2015 was £4, 000. On 1 April 2010 the parish of Waresley was abolished to form "Waresley-cum-Tetworth".

Waresley was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, the village was part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Then in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, Waresley became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire.

The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and has its headquarters in Huntingdon. Huntingdonshire District Council has 52 councillors representing 29 district wards. Huntingdonshire District Council collects the council tax, and provides services such as building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism. Waresley is a part of the district ward of Gransden and The Offords and is represented on the district council by two councillors. District councillors serve for four-year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council.

For Waresley the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services. Cambridgeshire County Council consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions. Waresley is part of the electoral division of Buckden, Gransden and The Offords and is represented on the county council by one councillor.

At Westminster Waresley is in the parliamentary constituency of Huntingdon, and elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Waresley is represented in the House of Commons by Jonathan Djanogly (Conservative). Jonathan Djanogly has represented the constituency since 2001. The previous member of parliament was John Major (Conservative) who represented the constituency between 1983 and 2001.

Geography
Waresley is on the B1040 road between Gamlingay and Eltisley, five miles south-east of the town of St Neots and seven miles north-east of Sandy, Bedfordshire, England. London is 45 miles south and Huntingdon 10 miles north.

Population
In the period 1801 to 1901 the population of Waresley was recorded every ten years by the UK census. During this time the population was in the range of 180 (the lowest was in 1811) and 295 (the highest was in 1851).

From 1901, a census was taken every ten years with the exception of 1941 (due to the Second World War).

All population census figures from report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight.

Landmarks
Waresley Wood, a Site of Special Scientific Interest, is managed as a nature reserve by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Waresley Park, a former deer park landscaped by the 18th Century designer Humphry Repton.

Religious sites
Waresley has had three church buildings. The original church stood in the east of the village and was mentioned in the Domesday Book but was destroyed by a storm in 1724. In 1728, it was rebuilt but was pulled down and the current church built on a new site, at the junction of the roads to Great Gransden and Eltisley in 1856. It is dedicated to Saint James and was designed by William Butterfield. The church's spire blew down in a storm of March 1987, just missing a bus-stop full of school kids that had left minutes before it came down, but it was rebuilt by John Charlton, Paul Raffles and Chris Phillips of Waymans.

title: Waresley


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/"burger munch"

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete and Move to Wiktionary — 4 votes delete, 3 votes move to Wiktionary (of which, 2 votes delete here), 1 vote keep and 1 vote redirect — Gareth Hughes 14:50, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

"burger munch"
Obscure neologism NeilN 13:22, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn-neo, or dic-def at best. --Daveb 13:28, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * move to wiktionary, abstain on keeping in wikipedia. Kappa 14:34, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, few Google results are even close to the given definition. -- Kjkolb 01:23, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup. Terrible article, notable subcultural phenomenon mediated by Usenet and the Internet; history back to 1992. There was once only one burgermunch (usage is split as to one word or two); there are now hundreds or thousands. I wonder why the author left out the BDSM community, which is the origin of the event. Alternatively, merge to one of the BDSM articles. (Oh, and if kept, it needs the name normalized.) MCB 07:47, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or merge Honestly, I can't believe it wasn't up for a speedy deletion. Masterhatch 10:23, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Relisting, as closing right now would be diffacult. Meanwhile... R  e  dwolf24  (talk—How's my driving?) 22:53, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. R  e  dwolf24  (talk—How's my driving?) 22:53, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Munch_%28BDSM%29. Bikeable 00:07, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or move to wiktionary: While I will not comment on the importance or lack thereof of the term, I will say that every single phrase does not deserve an encyclopedia article. So, either delete it or move it wiktionary. Cool3 03:42, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Move - per Cool3 - Bwfc 23:25, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Wikipedia:Peer review/October 2005

This page contains the Peer review requests that are older than one month, have received no response in the last two weeks, are not signed, or did not follow the "How to use this page" principles in some way. If one of your requests has been moved here by mistake, please accept our apologies and copy it back to the main Peer review page with your signature ( ~ ).

title: Wikipedia:Peer review/October 2005


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John Greenleaf Whittier House

The John Greenleaf Whittier Home is a historic house located at 86 Friend Street, Amesbury, Massachusetts. It was the home of American poet and abolitionist John Greenleaf Whittier from 1836 until his death in 1892, and is now a nonprofit museum open to the public May 1 through October 31; an admission fee is charged. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.

History
The John Greenleaf Whittier House was built in 1811. At that time it was a $1 1/2$-story wood-frame Cape style cottage, with four rooms on the ground floor and one in the attic. A kitchen ell and shed were added to the back. The house was purchased by Whittier in 1836 to provide accommodation for himself as well as his mother, aunt, and sister Eliza. He lived here until his death in 1892. Whittier wrote most of his poetry and prose in this house, including his classic Snow-Bound, which he wrote in the Garden Room.

The Whittier family made significant modifications to the house during their 80 years of ownership. Whittier added a bedroom to the southeast corner of the house not long after buying it. In 1847, with the financial assistance of Quaker philanthropist Joseph Sturge, the house was significantly enlarged. The new bedroom was enlarged and converted into a sitting room and study, a porch was added to the east side of the house, and a full second story was added over the eastern half of the house.

Preservation
After Whittier's death in 1892, his niece, Lizzy Pickard, was not interested in maintaining the house. The Whittier Home Association was established in 1898 as a vehicle to preserve the house and the Whittier legacy. Lizzie's son, Greenleaf Pickard, in 1904 decided to live in the house, but made a series of additions in part to preserve the original portion used by Whittier. The west side of the house was also raised to a full two stories, and the kitchen ell was replaced by a two-story addition. The present front porch is believed to date to this time period as well. The old kitchen ell was separated from the house and is now a small outbuilding.

The house was subsequently acquired by the Whittier Home Association, and opened as a museum. The house and its furnishings are essentially unchanged from the poet's death, including living rooms, bedroom, and Whittier's writing study with all its furnishings.

Whittier's birthplace in nearby Haverhill, the John Greenleaf Whittier Homestead, is also open to the public.

title: John Greenleaf Whittier House


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Great Gransden

Great Gransden is a civil parish and village in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire, England. In 2001, the parish population was 969, which rose to 1,023 at the 2011 Census. It lies 16 miles (25 km) west of Cambridge and 13 miles (21 km) south of Huntingdon. It contains the oldest post mill in England.

History
The village name translates as "valley of a man named Granta or Grante". It was spelled Grantandene in 973 and Grante(s)dene in the 1086 Domesday book. Great Gransden was mentioned in 973 when its land was endowed to Thorney Abbey by Aethelwold, Bishop of Winchester. It already consisted of 33 households in 1086, with an annual rent of £30 being paid to the lord of the manor.

Great Gransden's older centre consists of cottages grouped round a 16th-century church, dedicated to Saint Bartholomew, whose tower dates from about 1390. The connection between the village and Clare College, Cambridge appears to date from 1346, when the advowson for Great Gransden church parish formed part of the college's original endowment.

School and founder
Barnabas Oley, Vicar from 1633, was a Fellow of Clare College who edited the works of the poet and orator George Herbert. Oley was one of the university's most active Royalists in the English Civil War. He was deprived of his fellowship and lodgings in 1644, but recovered them in 1660. From 1664 he lived mainly at Great Gransden and left many benefactions.

The village school Oley founded in 1670, now a Church of England primary school in Little Lane, still bears his name. His life is remembered each year on the school's Founder's Day, held in the parish church; leavers receive an "Oley Bible" from a Fellow of Clare College.

Notable people
In order of birth:
 * Anne Dutton (1692–1765), religious tractarian and poet, and her clothier husband Benjamin, a Baptist minister, moved to the village and paid for a chapel to be built there.
 * James Plumptre (1771–1832), dramatist, served as Vicar of Great Gransden church from 1812 until his death.
 * Arthur Tozer Russell (1806–1874) hymn-writer, served as a curate of Great Gransden church in 1829–1830.

Government
As a civil parish, Great Gransden has a parish council elected by the residents. The parish council has nine councillors and normally meets on the first Monday of the month in the Reading Room in Great Gransden.

Great Gransden was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, it was part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough, until the Local Government Act 1972 placed it in the county of Cambridgeshire in 1972.

The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and has its headquarters in Huntingdon. Its 52 councillors represent 26 district wards. Great Gransden belongs to the district ward of Great Paxton, which has one councillor on the district council. The village's highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council, based in Alconbury Weald, It consists of 61 councillors representing 59 electoral divisions. where as part of the electoral division of St Neots East and Gransden, it is represented by one county councillor.

Great Gransden is in the parliamentary constituency of Huntingdon,. It has been represented in the House of Commons by Jonathan Djanogly (Conservative) since 2001. The previous member was Prime Minister John Major (Conservative), from 1997 to 2001.

Geography
Great Gransden parish is 11 mi west of the county town of Cambridge, 10 mi south-east of Huntingdon and 47 mi north of London. It covers an area of 3402 acre. The village stands on the B1046 road between Abbotsley, to the west, and Longstowe, to the east. Minor roads run south-west to Waresley and north-east to Caxton.

The parish ranges from 33 m, near its border with Abbotsley parish, to 75 m above sea level on the disused airfield. The subsoil is Ampthill Clay with Lower Greensand. Streams in the parish include Waresley Dean, College Dean, Vicars Dean, Mandean and Gransden Brook; Home Dole Brook marks the border with Little Gransden parish and South Cambridgeshire.

Demography
Between 1801 and 1901 the population of Great Gransden according to the ten-yearly censuses ranged between 412 (1801) and 713 (1871).

All population census figures from report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight.

In 2011, the parish covered an area of 3395 acre, giving it a population density in 2011 of 192.8 persons per square mile (74.5 per square km).

At the time of the 2001 census, Great Gransden parish had 363 households. 98.8 per cent of people described themselves as White, 0.3 per cent as Asian or Asian British, and 0.9 per cent as mixed; 77.6 per cent were Christians, 1.2 per cent followed another religion and 21.1 were not religious.

Landmarks
Great Gransden boasts the oldest post mill in England, constructed around 1612 – though the claim is disputed by nearby Bourn. It has two storeys, with a flour-dressing machine, inscribed 1774 on the second floor. The mill ceased to operate about 1890. It was presented to the county council in 1950 and classified as an ancient monument in 1957. A restoration project was completed in 1984, and a more thorough restoration began in 2015. The mill still possesses its machinery. Newly constructed sails are due to be installed by 2022. It can be viewed inside by appointment. A local legend claims a book of black magic entitled An Infidel's Bible was hidden in the mill in 1867, causing it to stop working. When the book was removed, the mill began to work again.

There are 53 other listed buildings in Great Gransden parish, including houses, barns and remains of a churchyard cross. The brick vicarage, north-west of the church, was built by Barnabas Oley, probably between 1660 and 1685.

A lychgate built in the churchyard in 1920 commemorates Great Gransden men who died in World War I.

Church of St Bartholomew
The Grade I listed parish church dedicated to Saint Bartholomew the Apostle consists of a chancel with a 19th-century organ chamber, a vestry on the north side, nave, north aisle, south aisle, west tower and north and south porches. It was listed in the Domesday Book, but no remains of that time survive. The tower was built in the late 14th century, but the whole church rebuilt in the 15th. The organ chamber and vestry were added and the north porch rebuilt in 1873. A pulpit dating from 1600 and a rare clock, whose chime mechanism is said to date from 1683, are notable artefacts inside.

Baptist chapel
The Providence Baptist Chapel in Sand Road is a Grade II listed building that dates from soon after 1734, when the tractarian Anne Dutton (see Notable people) and her husband moved here.

Amenities
Great Gransden has a pub in West Street, the thatched Crown and Cushion, which also serves food. The village has a small general store with a sub-post office in Fox Street, and an antique shop in Hitchin Road. It also has a lawn tennis club, a bowls club, and a football team called the Gransden Chequers.

The first gardening allotments became available in 2008 through the Gransden Allotment Society. An orchard and "Greenfingers" micro-plots for children were added in 2009–2010, followed by a wildlife pond and a wildlife meadow in 2011. Tree-planting continues.

Gransden and District Agricultural Society Annual Show has been held every year since 1891, except during the Second World War and the COVID-19 pandemic. It takes place on the last Saturday of September.

Transport
Great Gransden has occasional buses to and from St Neots and Cambridge. The nearest railway station is St Neots (7 miles, 11 km), which has regular services to Huntingdon and Biggleswade and peak-hour services to London King's Cross.

The village is 3 miles (5 km) from the main A428 road to Cambridge at Eltisley and 11 miles (18 km) from the A1 trunk road between London and the North at Wyboston.

title: Great Gransden


text: Category:Independent State of Croatia

title: Category:Independent State of Croatia


text: Category:Van Dyke Parks albums

title: Category:Van Dyke Parks albums


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Woodhurst

Woodhurst is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. Woodhurst lies approximately 5 mi north-east of Huntingdon and just north of St Ives. Woodhurst is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England.

Woodhurst is one of the best surviving examples of an Anglo-Saxon ring village in England. It is thought that it was originally formed by the track through the forest being widened for about half a mile, and a fence being put round it with a gate at either end.

History
The actual date that the village was formed is not known but it is thought to have been Roman-British. Roman pottery remains have been found near the village, and in the recent excavations in the field next to Wheatsheaf Road to lay a new water main, Roman coins have been found. During 1949 when Moot Way was being built, evidence of Anglo Saxon occupation was found and also some Medieval burials which were thought to be Plague deaths.

The shape of the village has not altered over the centuries although beginning with the church and then the Manor House, buildings were built outside the ring. The name Woodhurst has over the years been spelt Wuduhyrst, Wodehyrst, Wodehirst, Woodhurste and Wood Hurst. There are several explanations as to the original meaning of the name, but hyrst was Old English for 'a wooded hill'.

Woodhurst was not mentioned in the Domesday Book, but as the church was until 1968 a chapelry of St Ives, it is probable that the church and a description of the area and landowners are recorded under Slepe (the original name for St Ives). The oldest part of the present church, the north wall of the nave, was built in the 12th century. The south arcade was built in the 14th century and the chancel is relatively modern having been added in the 19th century. The timber bell-turret was probably built in the early 17th century, but of the three original bells only one remains.

Owing to two disastrous fires in the village in 1834 and 1877, there are only a few old houses in the village. "Horseshoe Cottage" opposite the pond was built in the 17th century and was until 1922 a public house called The Horse Shoes. At one time there were six public houses in the parish of Woodhurst. The oldest house in the village is thought to be "Swan Weir" which dates from the late 16th century.

Government
As a civil parish, Woodhurst has a parish council. The parish council is elected by the residents of the parish who have registered on the electoral roll; the parish council is the lowest tier of government in England. A parish council is responsible for providing and maintaining a variety of local services including allotments and a cemetery; grass cutting and tree planting within public open spaces such as a village green or playing fields. The parish council reviews all planning applications that might affect the parish and makes recommendations to Huntingdonshire District Council, which is the local planning authority for the parish. The parish council also represents the views of the parish on issues such as local transport, policing and the environment. The parish council raises its own tax to pay for these services, known as the parish precept, which is collected as part of the Council Tax. The parish council consists of seven councillors and has a parish clerk; the parish council meets approximately eight times a year.

Woodhurst was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, the village was part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Then in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, Woodhurst became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire.

The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and has its headquarters in Huntingdon. Huntingdonshire District Council has 52 councillors representing 29 district wards. Huntingdonshire District Council collects the council tax, and provides services such as building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism. Woodhurst is a part of the district ward of Somersham and is represented on the district council by two councillors. District councillors serve for four-year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council.

For Woodhurst the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services. Cambridgeshire County Council consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions. Woodhurst is part of the electoral division of Somersham and Earith and is represented on the county council by one councillor.

At Westminster Woodhurst is in the parliamentary constituency of North West Cambridgeshire, and elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Woodhurst is represented in the House of Commons by Shailesh Vara (Conservative). Shailesh Vara has represented the constituency since 2005. The previous member of parliament was Brian Mawhinney (Conservative) who represented the constituency between 1997 and 2005.

Population
In the period 1801 to 1901 the population of Woodhurst was recorded every ten years by the UK census. During this time the population was in the range of 245 (the lowest was in 1801) and 554 (the highest was in 1861).

From 1901, a census was taken every ten years with the exception of 1941 (due to the Second World War).

All population census figures from report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight.

In 2011, the parish covered an area of 1438 acre and the population density of Woodhurst in 2011 was 168.7 persons per square mile (65.1 per square kilometre).

title: Woodhurst


text: Category:People from Tamaulipas

title: Category:People from Tamaulipas


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Henry Dobson

Henry Dobson (24 December 1841 – 10 October 1918) was an Australian politician, who served as a member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly and later of the Australian Senate. He was the 17th Premier of Tasmania from 17 August 1892 to 14 April 1894.

Early life and legal career
Dobson was born in Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), the son of John Dobson and full brother to Alfred and half-brother to William Lambert Dobson, and Frank Dobson. Dobson was educated at The Hutchins School and worked for a merchant firm before commencing legal training with Allport, Robson & Allport. He was admitted to the Tasmanian Bar in 1846, and partnered with William Giblin from 1865 to 1870, and was a senior partner in the law firm Dobson, Mitchell & Allport (started by his father).

Tasmanian House of Assembly
Dobson's political career began on 12 August 1891, when he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly representing the electorate of Brighton. He was quickly made Leader of the Opposition the next month, and became Premier of Tasmania on 17 August 1892 after the fall of Philip Fysh's government.

Dobson had a keen interest in education, and introduced compulsory education legislation into the Tasmanian parliament. He also promoted Tasmania as a tourist destination and fruit-growing centre, attributes which it remains known for today. Economic factors required him to make difficult decisions, and when a proposed retrenchment program was rejected in the Parliament, Dobson obtained a dissolution from the Governor, and then resigned as Premier on 14 April 1894 when the situation remained unchanged after the election.

After retiring as Premier, Dobson remained in his seat until he retired on 9 March 1900.

Australian Senate
Dobson was a keen supporter of the Federation of Australia, and when federation took place in 1901, Dobson was elected as a member of the first Australian Senate for Tasmania. He remained in the Senate for over nine years, but retired when he lost the election on 30 June 1910. He served as Chairman of Committees from 1908 to 1910.

Later life
After retiring from politics, Dobson turned his efforts to promoting Tasmanian tourism. He founded and was president of the Tasmanian Tourist Association from 1893, helped found the Tourist and Information Bureau and the Scenery Preservation Board in 1915, and was chairman of the National Park Board from 1917 to 1918.

Dobson died on 10 October 1918 in Hobart.

title: Henry Dobson


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Colne, Cambridgeshire

Colne is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. Colne lies about 9 mi east of Huntingdon; the villages of Bluntisham, Woodhurst, and Somersham are close by. Colne is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England.

Etymology
The village was known as Collen in the 13th century and Colneye in the 14th century. The name is pronounced like "cone".

History
In 1085 William the Conqueror ordered that a survey should be carried out across his kingdom to discover who owned which parts and what it was worth. The survey took place in 1086 and the results were recorded in what, since the 12th century, has become known as the Domesday Book. Starting with the king himself, for each landholder within a county there is a list of their estates or manors; and, for each manor, there is a summary of the resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value.

Colne was listed in the Domesday Book in the Hundred of Hurstingstone in Huntingdonshire; the name of the settlement was written as Colne in the Domesday Book. In 1086 there was just one manor at Colne; the annual rent paid to the lord of the manor in 1066 had been £6 and the rent had fallen to £5 in 1086.

The Domesday Book does not explicitly detail the population of a place but it records that there was 18 households at Colne. There is no consensus about the average size of a household at that time; estimates range from 3.5 to 5.0 people per household. Using these figures then an estimate of the population of Colne in 1086 is that it was within the range of 63 and 90 people.

The Domesday Book uses a number of units of measure for areas of land that are now unfamiliar terms, such as hides and ploughlands. In different parts of the country, these were terms for the area of land that a team of eight oxen could plough in a single season and are equivalent to 120 acre; this was the amount of land that was considered to be sufficient to support a single family. By 1086, the hide had become a unit of tax assessment rather than an actual land area; a hide was the amount of land that could be assessed as £1 for tax purposes. The survey records that there were seven ploughlands at Colne in 1086. In addition to the arable land, there was 10 acre of meadows and 1892 acre of woodland at Colne.

The tax assessment in the Domesday Book was known as geld or danegeld and was a type of land-tax based on the hide or ploughland. It was originally a way of collecting a tribute to pay off the Danes when they attacked England, and was only levied when necessary. Following the Norman Conquest, the geld was used to raise money for the King and to pay for continental wars; by 1130, the geld was being collected annually. Having determined the value of a manor's land and other assets, a tax of so many shillings and pence per pound of value would be levied on the land holder. While this was typically two shillings in the pound the amount did vary; for example, in 1084 it was as high as six shillings in the pound. For the manor at Colne the total tax assessed was six geld.

In 1086 there was no church at Colne.

A large medieval pond, as well as the remains of an 18th-century building, were found in an archaeological excavation at Manor Farm on East Street. The team also found evidence of early to post-medieval pottery and a late medieval animal burial, as well as a 19th-century shoe.

The historical quarrel between Thomas de Lisle, the Bishop of Ely and Blanche of Lancaster, daughter of Henry, Earl of Lancaster, and widow of Thomas Wake of Lidell, arose about property in the village. It is likely that Blanche claimed a mesne lordship over Colne's La Leghe Manor. The Bishop disputed her claim and in 1354 he and his men burnt some houses in the Manor. In 1355 he had Blanche's servant, William de Holme, murdered in Somersham Wood. He was rebuked by Edward III for both crimes and ordered to beg for forgiveness. In retaliation, he appealed to the Pope, and had Blanche and several others excommunicated.

Drurys Manor existed to the east of the old church, but it was demolished circa 1787, and nothing remains of the original building. A site to the west of the old church is likely to be the location of La Leghe Manor, destroyed at an earlier date. The Carter family, Lords of the Manor in the 17th century, are likely to have lived in the village.

Colne suffered a ruinous fire in 1844, which destroyed many of its historic houses and buildings. Several 17th-century half-timbered houses and cottages survived, as did a late 16th-century house near the centre of the village.

Government
As a civil parish, Colne has a parish council. The parish council is elected by the residents of the parish who have registered on the electoral roll; the parish council is the lowest tier of government in England. A parish council is responsible for providing and maintaining a variety of local services including allotments and a cemetery; grass cutting and tree planting within public open spaces such as a village green or playing fields. The parish council reviews all planning applications that might affect the parish and makes recommendations to Huntingdonshire District Council, which is the local planning authority for the parish. The parish council also represents the views of the parish on issues such as local transport, policing and the environment. The parish council raises its own tax to pay for these services, known as the parish precept, which is collected as part of the Council Tax. The parish council has nine councillors and normally meets on the last Tuesday of the month.

Colne was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, the village was part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Then in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, Colne became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire.

The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and has its headquarters in Huntingdon. Huntingdonshire District Council has 52 councillors representing 29 district wards. Huntingdonshire District Council collects the council tax, and provides services such as building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism. Colne is a part of the district ward of Somersham and is represented on the district council by two councillors. District councillors serve for four-year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council.

For Colne the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services. Cambridgeshire County Council consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions. Colne is part of the electoral division of Somersham and Earith and is represented on the county council by one councillor.

At Westminster Colne is in the parliamentary constituency of North West Cambridgeshire, and elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Colne is represented in the House of Commons by Shailesh Vara (Conservative). Shailesh Vara has represented the constituency since 2005. The previous member of parliament was Brian Mawhinney (Conservative) who represented the constituency between 1997 and 2005.

Population
In the period 1801 to 1901 the population of Colne was recorded every ten years by the UK census. During this time the population was in the range of 260 (the lowest was in 1901) and 544 (the highest was in 1841).

From 1901, a census was taken every ten years with the exception of 1941 (due to the Second World War).

All population census figures from report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight.

In 2011, the parish covered an area of 1715 acre and so the population density for Colne in 2011 was 322.8 persons per square mile (124.6 per square kilometre).

Community and culture
There are no shops in Colne, although there is a public house (The Green Man) and a village hall. The Bluntisham & Colne Women's Institute meets at the village hall once a month.

The nearest primary school is St. Helen's in Bluntisham. The nearest shops and amenities are also in Bluntisham.

Religious sites
The ancient church of St Helen was built between the 13th and 15th centuries. Its walls were chiefly of stone and rubble, but parts of it were brick and the roof was tiled. The nave and aisle were covered with one continuous roof in 1807. On 24 April 1896 the tower fell and destroyed much of the church – the chancel, the aisle walls and the porch were all that survived. The old church was taken down and a new church was built on another site. The church had four bells, three from the 17th century and a later bell from the early 18th century. Three of the bells were removed in 1892, while the fourth fell with the tower, but was undamaged. The south porch is all that remains of the original structure.

The modern St Helens church was built in 1900 and is a Grade II listed building. The building of the new church incorporated rescued elements from the ancient church (including partially restored 13th and 14th century windows and some of the ancient stone). Colne is a chapelry annexed with Pidley.

Near to the centre of the village is the Baptist Chapel built in 1870. The chapel is now defunct.

title: Colne, Cambridgeshire


text:
Antonina

Antonina may refer to:

Geography

 * Antonina, Paraná, a municipality in Brazil
 * Antonina, Bełchatów County, in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland
 * Antonina, Pajęczno County, in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland
 * Antonina, Poddębice County, in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland
 * Antonina, Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland

Other uses

 * Antonina (bug), a genus of mealybugs
 * Antonina (name)
 * Antonina (wife of Belisarius) (c. 495–after 565), Byzantine patrikia and wife of the general Belisarius
 * Antonina (Tur novel), by Evgenia Tur
 * Antonina (Collins novel), an 1850 novel by Wilkie Collins
 * Antonina Nutshell, Swedish drag queen who competed in Drag Race Sverige

title: Antonina


text:
User talk:Dimsimmer

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia , I hope you will like it here and decide to stay.

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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

13:28, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dimsimmer


text:
2002 Salford City Council election

Elections to Salford Council were held on 2 May 2002. One third of the council was up for election. The Labour Party kept overall control of the council. Overall turnout was 25.07%.

After the election, the composition of the council was:
 * Labour 52
 * Liberal Democrat 6
 * Conservative 2

Election result

 * }

title: 2002 Salford City Council election


text:
Talk:List of radio stations in Austria

Untitled
Hrm. Is Radio Stephansdom a substantial enough station to have a page or at least a listing? (I listen to its mp3 stream fairly often myself.) Schissel : bowl listen 13:28, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Question
Grouping Liechtenstein and Austria, I can understand. But why in blazes is San Marino being grouped here instead of with List of radio stations in Italy? Bearcat 18:58, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Done. samwaltz 11:27, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Another question
But why group Liechtenstein with Austria? Contrary to the impression given, the Austrian Communications Authority has no regulatory competence in Liechtenstein -- and radio in Liechtenstein (if it is to be grouped with that of another country) is much more closely connected, historically (and still today, in terms of transmission facilities), to broadcasting in Switzerland. Besides which, both Liechtenstein and Switzerland, unlike Austria, are outside the European Union. -- Picapica (talk) 22:50, 2 January 2016 (UTC)
 * I agree a 100%-Reidlos (talk) 12:17, 14 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of radio stations in Austria


text:
Paul McGuigan (musician)

Paul Francis McGuigan (born 9 May 1971), known professionally as Guigsy (pronounced "Gwigzee"), is an English musician. He is best known as the original bassist and co-founder of the rock band Oasis.

Career
In the late 1980s, McGuigan started a band called The Rain with Paul "Bonehead" Arthurs on guitar, Chris Hutton on lead vocals, and Tony McCarroll on drums. After Hutton was fired, McGuigan invited his school friend Liam Gallagher to join on vocals. Liam's brother Noel then joined the band as a guitarist and the primary songwriter, at which point they changed their name to Oasis. Though a functional bassist onstage, McGuigan's bass parts were occasionally played by Noel on the band's first two albums. Despite a rumour that McGuigan did not play bass on Definitely Maybe and that his and Bonehead's parts were replaced by Noel on the first two albums, this has been denied by the band's producer Owen Morris. Like the other band members, McGuigan said he has smoked a lot of weed during touring.

McGuigan left Oasis in 1999 and was replaced by then-former Ride frontman and guitarist Andy Bell as bassist. Noel claims that McGuigan quit via fax and avoided phone calls from the band in the following weeks. Though he eventually gave up trying to contact McGuigan, Noel said he does not hold any grudges. McGuigan occasionally performs as a DJ. He declined to appear in the 2004 Definitely Maybe DVD, although a polite letter explaining his reasons for doing so appears as a hidden extra and there is also a short segment featuring pundits giving their views on him. He also declined to be interviewed for the 2016 Oasis: Supersonic documentary, though archive footage of him was used instead.

McGuigan said of his playing style in 1995, "When I first started I just played up and down the top string of the bass. Come to think of it, that's what I still do now."

Personal life
An avid sports fan, McGuigan especially loves football and is a lifelong supporter of Manchester City FC. In 1996, he told Rolling Stone "watching football is my main hobby. Watching football, watching videos about football, reading about football, and talking about football. That's pretty much all I care about". In the 2016 documentary Oasis: Supersonic, Noel Gallagher quipped that being in Oasis was a "lowly fifth" on the list of McGuigan's favourite things after "cricket, Doctor Who, weed, and Man City".

McGuigan is renowned for his encyclopaedic knowledge of football and cricket. During a BBC Radio 1 interview in 1995, he named FourFourTwo as his favourite magazine. Whilst still with Oasis, he co-wrote a book with journalist Paolo Hewitt about football player Robin Friday, entitled The Greatest Footballer You Never Saw.

title: Paul McGuigan (musician)


text:
Moussa Yahaya

Moussa Yahaya (born 4 January 1975) is a Nigerien retired professional footballer who played as a striker. He represented the Niger national team on sixteen occasions.

Football career
Born in Agadez, Yahaya began playing with JS du Ténéré. In 1995, he started an abroad adventure that would last more than a decade, first with Sokół Tychy then with Hutnik Kraków – he spent most of his career in Poland, amassing Ekstraklasa totals of 77 games and 17 goals over the course of six seasons.

After two-and-a-half years with relative impact with Segunda División side Albacete Balompié, scoring 13 times from 72 competitive matches, and a brief spell with Greek club Trikala FC, Yahaya returned to Poland, representing GKS Katowice in 2001 and 2003, as well as Legia Warsaw from 2001 to 2002. From 2006 onwards, he played in Polish lower divisions, starting with Rega-Merida Trzebiatów, before joining Mazur Karczew in 2007. Yahaya was also a full Nigerien international in the 90s.

Honours
Legia Warsaw
 * Ekstraklasa: 2001–02
 * Polish League Cup: 2001–02

title: Moussa Yahaya


text:
Longing Peninsula

The Longing Peninsula (-64.5°N, -58.83333°W) is a peninsula 9 nmi long terminating in Cape Longing, situated at the northeast end of the Nordenskjöld Coast where it separates the Larsen Ice Shelf from the Prince Gustav Ice Shelf.

Location
The Longing Peninsula extends from the southeast coast of the Trinity Peninsula into Prince Gustav Channel in Graham Land at the northeast end of the Antarctic Peninsula. It is at the northeast end of Nordenskjold Coast. Larsen Inlet is to the west of the peninsula, the Weddell Sea to the south and Prince Gustav Channel to the east. Mount Tucker is to the north. The Florentino Ameghino Refuge is an Argentine camp on Cape Longing, at the tip of the peninsula.

Discovery and name
The Longing Peninsula was discovered and roughly charted by Otto Nordenskjöld, leader of the swedish Antarctic Expedition (SwedAE), 1901-04, who named Cape Longing. The peninsula was named after the cape by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) following British Antarctic Survey (BAS) geological work in the area, 1987-88.

Features
Features of the peninsula, and nearby features, include

Cape Longing
-64.55°N, -58.83333°W. A rocky cape on the east coast of Graham Land, forming the south end of a large ice-covered promontory which marks the west side of the south entrance to Prince Gustav Channel. Discovered by the SwedAE under Nordenskjold in 1902, and so named by him because from the position of his winter hut on Snow Hill Island the cape lay in the direction of his "land of longing" which he was anxious to explore.

Longing Gap
-64.41667°N, -58.95°W. A constriction in the promontory north of Cape Longing, where the land narrows to 2 nmi and forms a low isthmus. The gap is used to avoid the long detour around Cape Longing. Mapped from surveys by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) (1960-61). Named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in association with Cape Longing.

Nordenskjöld Outcrops
-64.45°N, -58.96667°W. Rock outcrops on the west side of Longing Peninsula. The feature extends south for 2 nmi from the vicinity of Longing Gap and is the type locality for the geologic Nordenskjold Formation. Named by the UK-APC following BAS geological work, 1987-88, after Otto Nordenskjold, leader of the SwedAE, 1901-04, who explored this coast in 1902.

Ameghino Gully
-64.46667°N, -58.63333°W. A gully running E-W through the outcrops on the west side of Longing Peninsula, Nordenskjold Coast. The name derives from "Refugio Ameghino," the Argentine refuge situated on the southwest side of Longing Gap and named in turn after Florentino Ameghino (1854-1911), Argentine geologist and anthropologist; Director, Museum of Natural History, Buenos Aires, 1902-11. Named by the UK-APC in 1990.

title: Longing Peninsula


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ahmed Sammoud

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 12:54, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Ahmed Sammoud
Would be vanity, but claims notability as creator of Tornado Os - which is itself up for deletion. If the creation goes, so too should he whose only fame is being its creator. DS 13:29, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Non notable.-- Exir  Kamalabadi Esperanza  13:46, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per nom. C HAIRBOY (☎) 15:49, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 15:57, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Conditional Delete -- wait until the fate of Tornado Os is decided; if the outcome of that debate is delete, then delete this, otherwise keep it. --Mysidia (talk) 18:21, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Tornado Os has been deleted. User:Zoe|(talk) 23:10, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Surkamat

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia , I hope you will like it here and decide to stay.

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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

13:29, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Surkamat


text:
Hemingford Abbots

Hemingford Abbots is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. Hemingford Abbots lies approximately 3 mi east of Huntingdon, and is almost continuous with neighbouring Hemingford Grey. Hemingford Abbots is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England.

History
There has been a settlement on the present site since at least Roman times with both flints and a Roman sarcophagus found in the area. In Anglo-Saxon times the neighbouring villages of Hemingford Grey and Hemingford Abbots were a single estate. In the 9th century they split, and in 974 the manor fell under the ownership of Ramsey Abbey, where it remained until the dissolution in 1539.

Hemingford Abbots was listed in the Domesday Book in the Hundred of Toseland in Huntingdonshire; the name of the settlement was written as Emingeforde in the Domesday Book. In 1086 there were three manors at Hemingford Abbots; the annual rent paid to the lords of the manors in 1066 had been £11.50 and the rent had fallen to £10.15 in 1086.

The Domesday Book does not explicitly detail the population of a place but it records that there were 32 households at Hemingford Abbots. There is no consensus about the average size of a household at that time; estimates range from 3.5 to 5.0 people per household. Using these figures then an estimate of the population of Hemingford Abbots in 1086 is that it was within the range of 112 and 160 people.

The Domesday Book uses a number of units of measure for areas of land that are now unfamiliar terms, such as hides and ploughlands. In different parts of the country, these were terms for the area of land that a team of eight oxen could plough in a single season and are equivalent to 120 acre; this was the amount of land that was considered to be sufficient to support a single family. By 1086, the hide had become a unit of tax assessment rather than an actual land area; a hide was the amount of land that could be assessed as £1 for tax purposes. The survey records that there were ten ploughlands at Hemingford Abbots in 1086 and that there was the capacity for a further eight ploughlands. In addition to the arable land, there was 80 acre of meadows and a water mill at Hemingford Abbots.

The tax assessment in the Domesday Book was known as geld or danegeld and was a type of land-tax based on the hide or ploughland. It was originally a way of collecting a tribute to pay off the Danes when they attacked England, and was only levied when necessary. Following the Norman Conquest, the geld was used to raise money for the King and to pay for continental wars; by 1130, the geld was being collected annually. Having determined the value of a manor's land and other assets, a tax of so many shillings and pence per pound of value would be levied on the land holder. While this was typically two shillings in the pound the amount did vary; for example, in 1084 it was as high as six shillings in the pound. For the manors at Hemingford Abbots the total tax assessed was 20 geld.

By 1086 there was already a church and a priest at Hemingford Abbots.

In 1250 the village was listed as having 96 holdings, but numbers fell following the Black Death. The population grew from 306 in 1801 to 564 in 1841, but dropped as many moved to towns and cities. It grew rapidly after the Second World War, reaching a peak of 628 in 1961. Its 2001 population was 584.

The name Hemingford means "the ford of the people of Hemma", where Hemma is believed to be the name of a Saxon chief. The name "Abbots" was added in reference to its ownership by Ramsey Abbey. The village was known as Hemmingeford Magna, Emmingeforde Abbatis in the 13th century.

The village is home to a number of medieval buildings; Abbots End, the Manor House, Whiteways, Medlands, Abbots Barn, the White Cottage and Rideaway Cottage were all built prior to 1600.

Government
As a civil parish, Hemingford Abbots has a parish council. The parish council is elected by the residents of the parish who have registered on the electoral roll; the parish council is the lowest tier of government in England. A parish council is responsible for providing and maintaining a variety of local services including allotments and a cemetery; grass cutting and tree planting within public open spaces such as a village green or playing fields. The parish council reviews all planning applications that might affect the parish and makes recommendations to Huntingdonshire District Council, which is the local planning authority for the parish. The parish council also represents the views of the parish on issues such as local transport, policing and the environment. The parish council raises its own tax to pay for these services, known as the parish precept, which is collected as part of the Council Tax. The parish council consists of seven councillors and normally meets on the last Wednesday of the month (except in August and December).

Hemingford Abbots was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, the village was part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Then in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, Hemingford Abbots became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire.

The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and has its headquarters in Huntingdon. Huntingdonshire District Council has 52 councillors representing 29 district wards. Huntingdonshire District Council collects the council tax, and provides services such as building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism. Hemingford Abbots is a part of the district ward of The Hemingfords and is represented on the district council by two councillors. District councillors serve for four-year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council.

For Hemingford Abbots the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services. Cambridgeshire County Council consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions. Hemingford Abbots is part of the electoral division of The Hemingfords and Fen Stanton and is represented on the county council by one councillor.

At Westminster Hemingford Abbots is in the parliamentary constituency of Huntingdon, and elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Huntingdon is represented in the House of Commons by Jonathan Djanogly (Conservative). Jonathan Djanogly has represented the constituency since 2001. The previous member of parliament was John Major (Conservative) who represented the constituency between 1983 and 2001.

Population
In the period 1801 to 1901 the population of Hemingford Abbots was recorded every ten years by the UK census. During this time the population was in the range of 306 (the lowest was in 1801) and 564 (the highest was in 1841).

From 1901, a census was taken every ten years with the exception of 1941 (due to the Second World War).

All population census figures from report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight.

In 2011, the parish covered an area of 2417 acre and so the population density for Hemingford Abbots in 2011 was 168.1 persons per square mile (64.9 per square kilometre).

Culture and community
The village has one public house, The Axe and Compass, situated in a thatched 15th-century house.

Religious sites
A church is listed in the Domesday entry of 1086, although nothing remains of the building. The church was completely rebuilt at the end of the thirteenth century, the tower was added in the late fourteenth century and the spire in the fifteenth century. The present church of St Margaret's, Hemingford Abbots is largely a result of the reconstruction in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

The church was originally named "St Margaret Church of the Virgin" and is now dedicated to Saint Margaret of Antioch.

title: Hemingford Abbots


text:
User talk:Jsybesma

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia , I hope you will like it here and decide to stay.

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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

13:29, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jsybesma


text:
User talk:Sayky2004

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia , I hope you will like it here and decide to stay.

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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

13:30, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sayky2004


text:
User talk:SHRIZZA

Hotline
Were you once on Badmoon? Were you trying to get in touch with old regulars? Message me

Virus article
Could you please use the information on this Japanese-language page to update the English Virus article? It would be much appreciated! --AlanH 01:55, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:SHRIZZA


text:
Talk:Pox party

Merge
Consider merging this article into Inoculation. --Una Smith (talk) 19:25, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

History of this article
This article was merged into Chickenpox in March 2006 but the merge was not stable; see the history of this talk page for details. --Una Smith (talk) 19:32, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

article is totally irresponsible as it stands
Some responsible person with more time than me should edit this article to make clear that: (1) this would be seen as child endangerment if not child abuse in most jurisdictions (I say this as an attorney); (2) hosting one of these introduces substantial civil liability risk for the culprits (see above); (3) the chicken-pox virus causes long-term complications in a non-trivial portion of individuals who are infected; and (4) acute exposure to high viral load levels, such as via deliberate exposure, increases the severity of most viral illnesses.

I am constantly amazed at the stupidity of the human species. 98.210.156.174 (talk) 05:20, 8 May 2009 (UTC)

 * These claims should be added only by someone who has, in addition to free time, reliable sources to back up the claims. Grover cleveland (talk) 18:49, 8 May 2009 (UTC)

Mr. Cleveland, maybe you didn't hear him; he's a LAWYER.74.10.227.130 (talk) 16:44, 9 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Not sure what's going on here, but you may want to consult No Legal Threats, Legal Disclaimer and Medical Disclaimer. If you have a reliable source that some jurisdiction has taken legal action against a parent who took their child to a pox party, by all means add it.  If you have a reliable source claiming that it does constitute child endangerment/abuse, then please add that.  The claims of an anonymous editor do not count as a reliable source, even if that person does have legal training. Grover cleveland (talk) 20:34, 9 July 2009 (UTC)

Also it should be noted that Wikipedia is international in outlook and the vast majority of countries around the world don't have the same litigious culture as the USA (in mine, for example, you are not allowed to sue for personal injury). Pox parties are normal, common, and a good way of ensuring childhood immunity is gained through early exposure to non-lethal viruses around here! 146.171.254.97 (talk) 22:49, 6 July 2011 (UTC)

 * A late comment, but necessary none the less: "the vast majority of countries around the world don't have the same litigious culture as the USA". The subject of this article is pox parties, which in the case of measles will cause death at an approximate rate of 1 in a 1000 cases of measles. This is not "litigious culture": litigation would be a mild response to a completely avoidable death. Pwfen (talk) 04:51, 3 September 2018 (UTC)
 * And a late response to 146's comment, but Pox parties are not normal and are not a good way of ensuring childhood immunity to the varicella virus. It is a dangerous and foolhardy practice that should be completely abandoned. It's very irresponsible to do this. TylerDurden8823 (talk) 17:24, 8 November 2019 (UTC)

Medical views
Do people concerned with public health have a view on pox parties? Notwithstanding the things said above about the practice being dishonest as far as dealing with your children goes, exposing parents to civil liability etc, are they regarded by experts as irresponsible, sensible or not worth saying too much about, from an epidemiological point of view? Beorhtwulf (talk) 23:25, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

Please come out and actually say which one's safer
Something like this.

Milhouse of Sand and Fog: "Doctors are actually against the idea of pox parties that was used in this episode, claiming people should get the chickenpox vaccine instead as a safer alternative."

71.58.190.78 (talk) 08:49, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

Pox Party Also See Section
I am unclear why in the also see section bugchasing is included. Bugchasing is the act where an HIV negative man seeks to have sex with HIV positive partners in order to become infected with HIV. Although there maybe similar parallels to pox party I dont think they have enough to do with each other to warrant the links. As the diseases are completely different and the party activities are different. Another major difference is that a Pox party is not a child's choice and in bugchasing it is the choice of the individual. MrWikiGay (talk) 23:34, 3 August 2011 (UTC)

vaccination "controversy"
So called "vaccination controversy" has been debunked as fraud! only idiots believe that kids will get autism from vaccination. 50.9.109.170 (talk) 10:24, 15 November 2011 (UTC)

This story was for MMR. For chicken pox vaccine there is indeed concern because the vaccine loose effectiveness later in life, when the disease is much less benign.199.102.158.171 (talk) 15:10, 12 February 2012 (UTC)

NPOV Issues!
From the first sentence "A pox party, or flu party or flu fling, is a dangerous activity exposing children to deadly virus thus risking their life." this article FLAGRANTLY violates Wikipedia's commitment to a neutral point of view! I'm not a wiki contributor, and I know you folks hate it when people without ties to the community do anything, so could someone with some political clout fix this crap? Please? I'm adding the template now in the hope of attracting someone. 98.86.217.86 (talk) 19:03, 15 November 2011 (UTC)

 * I've altered the intro. Though I'm not sure what you're talking about ("hate it when people without ties"). If you had the capacity to add a template, you should've also made the change, since as far as I can tell only the intro was a big example of NPOV violation. (Simulcra (talk) 23:19, 17 November 2011 (UTC))

Mothering Link is Bad
The putative Mothering Magazine link at the end of the article actually directs to Mothering Magazine's discussion forums. It does not link to any particular article on vaccines (or anything else). 76.4.187.97 (talk) 01:15, 6 March 2015 (UTC)

Past medical situation
Recognizing that measles parties are a bad idea today, when many children will escape having measles altogether, were they a bad idea 50 years ago? Back then as the article says, parents knew these diseases were almost inevitable. I grew up hearing that it was better to have measles, mumps, etc as a child than as a grown up. I came here to learn if there was any truth to this. Colin McLarty (talk) 22:52, 14 June 2015 (UTC)

 * I realize this will cause misunderstanding. In my neighborhood as a child measles parties were a not a way to gain immunity.  The way you got immunity, for the rest of your life, was to get measles.  People said it was better to get them at elementary school age than older.  I want to know if there was any truth to that. Colin McLarty (talk) 23:06, 14 June 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 08:57, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

More on external links
Inclusion of the link-out to "cutaneous conditions" at the end of this article is simply a bad reference. None of the diseases listed (chicken pox, measles, and influenza) are easily understood or reasonably classified as cutaneous conditions. Chicken pox and measles are systemic diseases with highly visible cutaneous symptoms. Seasonal influenza is respiratory-only, and cutaneous symptoms are extremely minor or non-existant. I have deleted this unhelpful and strongly misleading link: Pwfen (talk) 13:34, 6 June 2017 (UTC)

Bad Introduction
"Such parties, and similar means of deliberately causing infection, can be seen as an historical, cruder, forerunner to current vaccines, and are today typically organized by anti-vaccinationists on the premise of building the immune systems of their children against diseases such as chickenpox and measles (which can be more dangerous to adults than to children) or flu."

The quoted sentence is simply wrong. Pox parties are not a "historical, cruder, forerunner to current vaccines". Vaccines are produced to prevent disease, not cause it.

Pwfen (talk) 18:21, 28 August 2018 (UTC)

 * I moved your post since, counterintuitive as it may seem, new posts actually go at the bottom. Tornado chaser (talk) 21:58, 28 August 2018 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the move. Pwfen (talk) 03:32, 29 August 2018 (UTC)

 * I made this edit to make it more clear why someone would want to have a pox party, namely that certain diseases are more serious for adults than children, the current lead still acknowledges the three-way decision and still says that health officials discourage pox parties and recommend vaccination. Tornado chaser (talk) 15:37, 2 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I made the edit the way I did because "why someone would want to have a pox party" is called faulty thinking: the risk of death in every case is higher from the pox party than the vaccine. The fact that there was (past tense) a valid reason for pox parties is not relevant to the intro as written. Pwfen (talk) 02:16, 3 September 2018 (UTC)

 * . Tornado chaser (talk) 02:21, 3 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I agree that pox parties are based on faulty thinking, but the article should say why antivaxers would rather give there kids a disease while there young than just hope they never get it. Tornado chaser (talk) 02:21, 3 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Your modified text does not address the answer to the question you pose. Q: "Why antivaxers would rather give their kids a disease while their young ...". The answer is not what you wrote in the wikipedia entry. Pox partiers give their children a disease because they believe the vaccine is more dangerous than the disease. Giving it to them while young is intended to reduce harm: which is the exact opposite of what is achieved. Pwfen (talk) 04:36, 3 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Do you think that this old version of the Intro to the Pox party article is substantially different from the current version ? Here is what I see: "Parents" becomes "social activity". "Parents who expose their children" becomes "anti-vaccinationists". A disclaimer from the medical community is added without elaboration as to why vaccines are better. And a comment is added about the illegality of shipping infectious material. I don't see any substantial improvement in the article between 2011 and the latest version . I have to concur with  in the posting  that the 2011 article is "totally irresponsible". There isn't much light between the current state and seven years ago as it relates to correctly presenting the harm reduction basis of vaccines, and the fact that pox parties are not harm reduction. Pwfen (talk) 05:14, 3 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the recently added citations re measles and chicken pox. Just a thought, but is this article leaning a little towards original research? I think it would be helpful to find some reliable sources that explain the rationale of those who hold pox parties and then include those reasons with references. The reason in the lead is currently unreferenced and may not be the whole (or even the main) driver. Of course that perception should then be balanced with a referenced critical appraisal. Lineslarge (talk) 07:48, 3 September 2018 (UTC)
 * This article does need more refs, I will go look for those. Tornado chaser (talk) 14:19, 3 September 2018 (UTC)

 * I have added a source to the lead and and made it more clear that antivaxxers are doing this mistakenly. Tornado chaser (talk) 14:41, 3 September 2018 (UTC)

 * and : (1) Versions of this article from several years ago were using citations to the NY Times, Washington Post, and LA Times to provide a documentary basis for the intent of modern pox parties (the intent is to avoid vaccination). The citations are still there. I don't believe it is correct to say that the article is unsourced in that regard. (2) The documentary basis of the historical intent of pox parties -- to cause disease at a younger age -- is more difficult do document because the contemporaneous scientific literature is quite sketchy. Major sequela of measles were not positively identified until after the advent of the measles vaccine, see Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (there are others, like an increase in all-causes mortality for two years after "recovery"). Other disease sequela such as shingles (for chickenpox) have been known for a longer time. In either case, most of the parties were informal affairs and I suspect will need citation to the non-scientific literature, making it harder to find appropriate citations. (3) On a positive note, the current version of the Intro has finally moved this article out of the realm of detracting from the sum total of human knowledge. Pwfen (talk) 18:10, 3 September 2018 (UTC)
 * How do you feel about the current state of the article? Tornado chaser (talk) 01:10, 4 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I think the intro text is acceptable, which quite frankly is a huge improvement. I think you did a good job of modifying things. I added a few citations, and will continue to make a few more citation-additions if I have the time over the next few weeks. Missing: cites to appropriate CDC measles pages. I know where to find them, but I should re-read... A good set of citations to historical pox parties is probably a bit more work, and represent an "opportunity". Pwfen (talk) 01:26, 4 September 2018 (UTC)

Vandalism
There have been repeated attempts in 2019 to change the pox party article to remove words like "wrongly" and "mistakenly" from descriptions of why someone would believe pox parties are useful. The statement that pox parties are dangerous compared with vaccination is factual, and removing these descriptive words is an error, or vandalism. Pwfen (talk) 16:50, 23 March 2019 (UTC)

Past tense template
The tone of the entire entry makes it seem as if pox parties are a thing of the past when a cursory news search or glance at the cited sources indicates that they still occur. - CompliantDrone (talk) 19:26, 19 July 2021 (UTC)

Changed tense.
I changed the tense to past tense with a note that pox parties still exist today. Hope this is an improvement. The Council of Seraphim (talk) 00:25, 26 August 2021 (UTC)

I have no idea why it added the link to “List of cutaneous conditions.” Oh well. Anyhow, the last discussion states that it should sound more like pox parties still happen today. I’ll see if I can fix that. The Council of Seraphim (talk) 00:26, 26 August 2021 (UTC)

Update: re-fixed tense
Fixed tense back to present. I fixed the tense issues as best I could. The Council of Seraphim (talk) 00:32, 26 August 2021 (UTC)

Merge form COVID-19 party
I think COVID-19 party should be merged here. While corona topics are all the rage these days, COVID party is just the newest version of the pox party, a phenomena which existed before for a number of diseases. As such, I don't think it has stand alone notability. If we control for recentism bias and such, I don't think we can argue that COVID party needs a stand-alone article (it's long but not so long as to make the merge problematic). Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 11:17, 26 February 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 17:26, 26 December 2022 (UTC)

Cost as major factor
in the UK the cost of the vaccine is given as the reason why vaccination is uncommon and children were encouraged to spread the disease. A few years ago the NHS said the cost per person was about 60£ per dose of vaccination which would translate to 4£ billion per year for the population. This is not mentioned and thus not criticised on this page. 2A04:4A43:415F:D2AB:0:0:93A:B54E (talk) 09:56, 2 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pox party


text:
2002 United Kingdom local elections

The 2002 United Kingdom local elections were held on Thursday 2 May 2002. All London borough council seats were elected as well a third of the seats on each of the Metropolitan Boroughs. Many unitary Authorities and District councils also had elections. There were no local elections in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. This was the last time that Labour was the majority in local government until 2023.

Summary of results
Simon Parker of The Guardian described the elections as "a round of embarrassing [sic] defeats for Labour in a set of council elections that also saw opposition parties making minor inroads into the party's dominant position in local government. [...] But the night really belonged to independents and the smaller parties, who made some high-profile gains as the voters expressed their dissatisfaction with mainstream politics."

London boroughs
In all 32 London boroughs, the whole council was up for election.

‡ New ward boundaries

Metropolitan boroughs
All 36 English Metropolitan borough councils had one third of their seats up for election.

Whole council
In six English Unitary authorities, the whole council was up for election.

‡ New ward boundaries

Third of council
In 12 English Unitary authorities, one third of the council was up for election.

Whole council
In 46 English district authorities, the whole council was up for election.

‡ New ward boundaries

Third of council
In 42 English district authorities, one third of the council was up for election.

Mayoral elections
There were seven elections for directly elected mayors.

title: 2002 United Kingdom local elections


text:
Holywell, Cambridgeshire

Holywell is a village in Cambridgeshire, England, approximately 6 mi east of Huntingdon, in the civil parish of Holywell-cum-Needingworth. It is situated within Huntingdonshire, a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire, and is a historic county of England.

History
Holywell is a Saxon ring village, one of only three in Cambridgeshire. It is served by a small road from Needingworth and is a dead end to motor traffic. There are approximately 80 houses, the oldest dating to the 16th century; a parish church; and a public house.

Government
Holywell is part of the civil parish of Holywell-cum-Needingworth, which has a parish council elected by residents who have registered on the electoral roll. The parish council, the lowest tier of government in England, is responsible for providing and maintaining local services including allotments, a cemetery, and landscaping and tree planting in public spaces such as village greens and playing fields. It reviews all planning applications and makes recommendations to Huntingdonshire District Council, the parish's local planning authority. It also represents the parish's interests in issues such as local transport, policing and the environment. It raises its own tax, the parish precept, to pay for these services, which is collected as part of the Council Tax. The parish council's fourteen councillors, and parish clerk, normally meet once a month.

Holywell was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965, when the village became part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. In 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, it became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire.

The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council, a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire with its headquarters in Huntingdon. It has 52 councillors representing 29 district wards. It collects the council tax, and provides services such as building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism. Holywell is a part of the district ward of Earith and is represented on the district council by two councillors. District councillors are elected to four-year terms.

For Holywell, the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council, whose administration buildings are in Cambridge. The County Council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services, and consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions. Holywell is part of the electoral division of Somersham and Earith and is represented on the county council by one councillor.

At Westminster Holywell is in the parliamentary constituency of North West Cambridgeshire, and elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Holywell is represented in the House of Commons by Shailesh Vara (Conservative). Shailesh Vara has represented the constituency since 2005. The previous member of parliament was Brian Mawhinney (Conservative) who represented the constituency between 1997 and 2005.

Geography
The road at the southern aspect faces onto farmland and the River Great Ouse. The river levels are regulated by a system of locks and sluices, and after heavy rains the river is allowed to flood across the large area of meadows on Holywell Front to a depth of several feet, often covering the road. Access to the houses, which are all in an elevated position on a gravel bank running roughly east–west, is via a footpath or access track from the northern side of the village.

Population
In the period 1801 to 1901 the population of Holywell-cum-Needingworth was recorded every ten years by the UK census. During this time the population was in the range of 623 (the lowest was in 1801) and 959 (the highest was in 1841).

From 1901, a census was taken every ten years with the exception of 1941 (due to the Second World War).

All population census figures from report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight.

In 2011, the parish covered an area of 2881 acre and the population density of Holywell-cum-Needingworth in 2011 was 559.1 persons per square mile (215.9 per square kilometre).

The legends
Legend has it that a young girl named Juliet committed suicide near the church in the time of Edward the Confessor. The story runs that she committed the act having been jilted in love by the local woodcutter, and was buried on the banks of the Ouse at the ferry crossing point in AD 1050. It is claimed the Old Ferry Boat Inn public house was built on top of her grave. A stone slab can be found within the pub, set into the floor on the south west side of the pub.

A seance was conducted in the 1950s, during which the participants claim to have contacted the spirit of the young girl. During questioning, she apparently identified herself as Juliet Tewsley and that the local woodcutter was named Thomas Zoul. However, no Norman records have been found to support this claim. During a second seance the following year, the date moved forward to the 15th century.

On the anniversary of her death, which is Saint Patrick's Day (17 March, according to tradition) her ghost is said to appear as a spectral figure slowly moving towards the river bank. Occasionally the apparition has been witnessed within the Ferry Boat Inn, but this may relate to the themed evening hosted inside, and the alcoholic drink promotions of the night. Juliet's gravestone is preserved within the pub, but to walk on it is to invite serious ill-luck and drinks must be bought for all and sundry within should a visitor do so. A number of paranormal groups investigate the inn every 17 March, but evidence is generally inconclusive.

Religious sites
The holy water well from which the village takes its name is located in front of the church, as you exit the building with the River Great Ouse ahead of you. It has been refurbished and repaired many times over the years. The "well" is in fact a stone structure built over a natural spring which emerges at this point. There are several other natural springs, or chalybeates, along Holywell Front; water seeps out under the gravel bank where it meets the underlying clay. A well dressing ceremony takes place each year in June, and children from the local primary school are involved in making floral garlands and decorations for the well.

The existence of a church on the site dates back further than reliable records exist, but there is a register of church rectors dating back to AD 990. The living was in the gift of the Abbot of Ramsey, and there remains at the west end of the village evidence of mediaeval fishponds which were managed by monks from the Abbey. The current church building is mainly 14th century, with a fine 16th-century tower reputedly built with stone taken from Ramsey Abbey after the Dissolution.

The Old Ferry Boat
The Old Ferry Boat Inn (or Ye Olde Ferry Boat Inn) is one of the village's main attractions. It is a large public house with a restaurant, conference rooms and seven large bedrooms available to the public. Over the years it has grown from a small tavern for local labourers into the commercially profitable venue that it is now. The inn, and other buildings in and around Holywell, were the subject of paintings by the watercolour artist W. F. Garden (Garden William Fraser), who lived at the Old Ferry Boat from 1904 until his death in 1921. It has been owned by various families, breweries and private concerns and is seen as a jewel-in-the-crown to brewing outfits due its picture postcard looks and large visitor numbers. It is currently serviced by the Greene King chain.

The Ferry Boat Inn is one of scores of pubs in the UK to lay claim to being the country's oldest. Others include Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem, Nottingham and Ye Olde Fighting Cocks, St Albans.

title: Holywell, Cambridgeshire


text:
Bert Schroer

Bert Schroer (born 10 November 1933 in Gelsenkirchen, Germany) is a German mathematical physicist, now a visiting professor in Rio de Janeiro and an emeritus professor in Berlin, who is known for his work on algebraic quantum field theory, braid groups, infraparticles, and other issues related to quantum field theory.

He studied physics at the University of Hamburg from 1953 to 1958 and received his PhD there in 1963 on the topic of "Theory of Infraparticles". From 1959 to 1961 he was a research associate at the University of Illinois and 1963–74 at the Institute for Advances Studies, Princeton. He was then associate professor at the University of Pittsburgh (1964-1970) and Full Professor at the Free University of Berlin (1970-1999). He held visiting positions at USP, São Paulo, Brazil (1971/72), at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland (1976/77), and at the Pontifical Catholic University (PUC) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1979/80). Furthermore, he was a visiting professor at CERN (1985/1986) and at the Math. Dept. of UC Berkeley (1992). Since 1999 he is emeritus professor at the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the Freie Universität Berlin and visiting professor at the Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

title: Bert Schroer