text:
Talk:Elemental spirits (Mana)

Page Building
I've set up the page so that it redirects to Seiken Densetsu currently. That aside, I kinda have an idea that we divide the topic into two sections: Does that sound good to you? If so, who's going to do what? --LichYoshi 09:44, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The first section would discuss each Elemental in turn using the information that's been written about them on the other Seiken Densetsu pages - cut and paste, link the bits together, and fill the holes and gloss over them with a link to the page incorporated in the text. What I feel this part should focus on is what information is presented in the games and instruction manuals, so it would discuss the element's attributes (but not a list of spells), locations of the spirits, personalities, changes between different games etc. Perhaps we'd do it in the order they're collected in Secret of Mana, since that's the most widely known game (unless you think of a better order).
 * The second section would be a discussion about the elementology itself. For example, the relationship between the elements (what's stronger than the other, Legend of Mana 's system) would go here; perhaps a mention of LoM's worldbuilding would be good too. Also, I think here would be a good place to discuss the similarities of the system with other elementologies (Classical Greek, Chinese, Japanese, Hindu, etc.), so your name etymologies would go in this section too, rather than the above.

Sounds fine to me. I can do either part. More likely than not, I can just get stuff together that you might miss or whatever. But since it's your baby, would you want to start? Kidicarus222 06:10, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I think that's everything. -LichYoshi 07:26, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Days of the Week
Does anybody know if the days of the week follow the same order in Legend of Mana as they do in Seiken Densetsu 3?Kidicarus222 05:03, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The order is different. Assuming Luna/Aura's day is the first day of the week (like in SD3): Aura, Gnome, Jinn, Dryad, Undine, and Salamander. --LichYoshi 02:26, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * In fact, the order is reversed. Seiken Densetsu 3 and Sword of Mana both follow a similar schedule as the Japanese days of the week:  Mana Holy Day (Sunday : Day of the Sun) -> Luna Day (Monday : Day of the Moon) -> Salamander Day (Tuesday : Day of Fire) -> Undine Day (Wednesday : Day of Water) -> Dryad Day (Thursday : Day of Wood) -> Jinn Day (Friday : Day of Gold) -> Gnome Day (Saturday : Day of Earth).   As you can see, the only discrepancy is between Jinn Day being Friday, but this arises from the fact that "wind" doesn't have a day, and so Jinn fills that one gap, as there is no spirit of Gold/Metal.  In Legend of Mana, this day order is backwards, and also excludes Mana Holy Day, and even though there's now a Metal spirit, there isn't any addition switching around.  Rather than have Aura (Metal/Gold) fill the role of Friday, she remains with control over ex-Luna's "Monday", leaving "Gold Day" to Jinn as in previous games. I do think it's interesting that the day sequence is backwards in Legend of Mana.  -JC 02:28, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

Luna and Aura
I was looking at promotional art for SD3 and I noticed how different Luna looks to Aura. They're the same color, but Aura seems drastically re-designed. Should Luna and Aura be considered different characters?Kidicarus222 05:03, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The Luna/Aura section has a quick discussion from both sides of the issue. --LichYoshi 06:28, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Shade
While the Dark Elemental lends his powers to evil purposes, his willingness to give his powers to the "forces of good" (the main characters), including his nefarious Evil Gate spell, does not necessarily make Shade evil; rather, he should be considered the "black sheep" of the Elemental family. -Me (LichYoshi) While the Dark Elemental's powers [are] very purely descructive[sic] and natural for evil purposes... -24.12.65.117 What I intend to imply here is the fact that most antagonists in the series use Shade's powers (the "lending to evil purposes" part), but that doesn't necessarily make Shade inherently evil. The Anon-user's words do not convey this meaning in the context of the rest of the sentence, I feel. It would also imply that since Salamando's powers are also purely destructive (save the attack power boost spell), they are also suitable for evil purposes when all Elementals' spells can be used for either good or evil (look at the monsters who cast them, for example). Shade requires the extra clarification due to his/its dark alignment, hence the revert. -LichYoshi 13:35, 24 November 2005 (UTC)

Pronunciation
What sources do we have for how to pronounce "Undine" and the other Elementals? It could be different depending on the player's language: SoM was released in Europe, after all. -LichYoshi 13:11, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, you could go by the Japanese, in which case Undine is written ウンディーネ (u n dii ne)... -JC 02:30, 12 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It's pronounced un-deen rhymes with sheen. Almighty Rajah 03:39, 10 June 2007 (UTC)

Merger proposal
As you know many people put a lot of hard work into this article, and I would love to help get it to Good article status. If merged into the main Mana series article, and with some out of universe sources, I bet it could do that. I talked it over with some people at the Square - Enix wikiproject and they sounded positive, so I'll propose it here. My goal is to featured the Mana series article, and adding the elemental spirits there would help a lot, and it's better to have 1 featured article than 2 kinda good ones :) Judgesurreal777 18:16, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Having done (perhaps) the greatest part of work on this article, I'm sure you can understand my inherent caution at merging this article into the main Seiken Densetsu, however I can definitely see where you are coming from. Stepping back from my "baby", though, I'm not sure that merging would neccessarily be a good idea as the sheer length of this article would swamp Seiken Densetsu - though perhaps some of it can be trimmed with a chainsaw. My main concern, though, is that this page, along with Rabite and Flammie were created along the same vein as the sub-articles for Final Fantasy, e.g. Chocobo, and by merging this into the main article, the importance of the Elementals as the most commonly recurring characters would be lost. -LichYoshi 02:40, 4 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I understand how you feel, the page is very extensive and you wouldn't want to lose the work done. I think most of it could be retained and a very sizable section would be fine, since the elemental spirits are very important to the series. Also, I would be thrilled to work on the Seiken Densetsu article so that the main series article, which now includes the sword of mana, tree of mana, rabites, and Flammie, would be Good and then featured like all those final fantasy articles are being lately. Love the series myself, so that was the goal. Judgesurreal777 03:12, 4 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Would it be better, I wonder, to create a summary of the currently merged articles on Seiken Densetsu (i.e. Rabite, Flammie, the Sword and the Tree) and then do the FF thing of having a page or two devoted to the common menagerie and characters/races of the series? That way, there would be enough summarial information on the Seiken Densetsu page without going into depth of each common thread to the extent that the Elementals article does, and should a reader want further information, it's in one or two places. I'd be happy to merge the Elementals page into a characters/figures/menagerie or whatever page, but merging it into Seiken Densetsu, like I said, would lose the gist of the SD article for Joe and Joanna Reader; less would be more in that regards for a featured article. What do you think? -LichYoshi 05:48, 5 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Races of Final Fantasy has actually been split between individual games and a Common themes of Final Fantasy article. Kariteh 12:56, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

Undine a Naiad??
How is the undine a naiad?Naiads are water spirits with human legs!She looks more like a mermaid so i'm changing it to mermaid instead. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Jakegothic (talk • contribs).

Caps?
The lead gives "Elemental Spirits", but the article title gives "elemental spirits". Please be consistent and fix it (and the links pointing here). Thanks, Shinobu 02:35, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

Falling in love without a soul...
undines could only get a soul by falling in love with and marrying a human Can someone explain to me what is meant by a soulless creature falling in love? Doesn't the ability to fall in love (rather than experiencing mere sexual attraction) kind of imply having a soul already, in one way or the other? Shinobu 02:57, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Myths aren't supposed to make sense, or Thetis would have held Achilles normally when she bathed him instead of holding him by the heel and swinging him around in the water... Kariteh 18:10, 4 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Easy: Obviously, you can fall in love without a soul, so there is no implication made whatsoever..... OR, alternately, it's a big hoax, and Undines can't actually get a soul that way. Whichever you believe is up to you, I suppose.  :)  -JC 03:55, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

The first picture
Can anyone see it? I can't for some reason. I tried clearing my Internet cache but the image still doesn't show. Strange.Kariteh 14:42, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Elemental spirits (Mana)


text:
Rob Hollink

Rob Hollink (born 27 March 1962 in Enschede, Netherlands) is a professional poker player based in Groningen. He has won both a European Poker Tour (EPT) title and World Series of Poker bracelet, becoming the first person from the Netherlands to do so, first was at the EPT's inaugural Grand Final of the European Poker Tour in Monte Carlo in 2005 and then he won his first bracelet at the 2008 World Series of Poker in the $10,000 Limit Hold'em World Championship, becoming the first Dutch bracelet winner.

Before poker
Prior to playing poker professionally, Hollink played tennis, football (soccer) and basketball when he was a kid, but injuries prevented his career from progressing as far as he wanted. Rob Hollink has been a professional gambler since 1985. After winning a poker-tournament in Paris in 2001, Hollink decided to stop playing black-jack and roulette and proceeded as a poker professional.

Poker career
His numerous Omaha tournament wins include:
 * HFl 400 Pot Limit Omaha at the Master Classics of Poker 2001, Amsterdam - HFl 90,763 ($37,187)
 * €500 Pot Limit Omaha at the Austrian Masters 2002, Vienna - €25,220 ($23,523)
 * €3,000 Pot Limit Omaha at the Euro Finals of Poker 2003, Paris - €122,440 ($131,798)
 * €250 Pot Limit Omaha at the World Heads-Up Poker Championship 2004, Barcelona - €23,000 ($27,855)

Holllink made the final table of the Pot Limit Omaha tournament at the 2003 World Series of Poker (WSOP), finishing in eighth place.

On 7 August 2003 the opening event of the 2003 World Championship of Online Poker, a $109 buy-in heads up No Limit tournament, was won by Hollink for a $12,800 first prize, using the screen name 'batoelrob.'

In no limit hold'em events, Rob has finished in the money of two World Poker Tour (WPT) events:
 * 12th in the Grand Prix de Paris 2004 - €19,000 ($23,167)
 * 5th in the Season 3 WPT Championship - $377,420

One of his greatest wins was defeating the 211 player field at the €10,000 European Poker Tour Grand Final in Monte Carlo, where he took home the €635,000 ($845,190) grand prize.

In 2005, Hollink won 4 tournaments, he won the European tournament performance of the year and was also chosen as European poker player of the year

In June 2008, Rob Hollink won the $10,000 World Championship Limit Hold'em at the World Series of Poker in Las Vegas, earning $496,931.

In 2010, his total live tournament winnings exceed $3,100,000. His 24 cashes at the WSOP account for $890,659 of those winnings.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Rob Hollink


text:
Cape Woolamai, Victoria

Cape Woolamai is a town and headland at the south eastern tip of Phillip Island in Victoria, Australia. It is home to Cape Woolamai State Faunal Reserve and the Phillip Island Airport. Cape Woolamai contains a subdivision also called Cape Woolamai (formerly known as Woolamai Waters and Woolamai Waters West).

History
The cape was named by George Bass (but spelt "Wollamai") when he passed it on his whaleboat voyage in early 1798. Wollamai is the snapper fish (Pagrus auratus) in the language of the Eora Aboriginal people of Port Jackson, where the fish is found. Bass, who had learnt some of the Sydney language from the Eora leader Bennelong, thought the headland resembled the head of that fish.

In 1826, during the establishment of Fort Dumaresq, near Rhyll, coal was reported to have been found in the vicinity of the Cape.

The area was purchased from the government in 1868 by John Cleeland, sea captain, publican and owner of the Melbourne Cup winner of 1875. He then built Wollomai House and ran merino sheep from New South Wales. In 1910 his son, John Blake Cleeland, noticed the sand was shifting due to erosion, so he planted rows of Marram grass, still evident today.

In 1959, 230 acre of farmland was sold and subdivided into housing estates for beach shacks and holiday makers. It was then named Woolamai Waters and Woolamai Waters West, and later renamed Cape Woolamai. Cape Woolamai had a Post Office from 1970 to roughly 1974 which was open only during summer. A Woolamai Post Office was open from 1911 until 1974. The roads were sealed in the late 1980s and beach shacks gradually turned into more substantial houses. Today Cape Woolamai has a world-renowned surf beach, Woolamai Beach Surf Life Saving Club, and a popular Safety Beach.

Environment
The headland contains remnant vegetation and wildlife such as an important breeding colony of the short-tailed shearwater, also called the Australian muttonbird. Volunteer groups such as the Cape Woolamai Coast Action Group conduct regular improvement and maintenance works including weed control and revegetation. It lies within the Phillip Island Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its importance in supporting significant populations of little penguins, short-tailed shearwaters and Pacific gulls.

title: Cape Woolamai, Victoria


text:
Nick Novak

Nicholas Ryan Novak (born August 21, 1981) is a former American football placekicker. He played college football at Maryland and was signed by the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent in 2005.

Novak was a member of the Dallas Cowboys, Washington Redskins, Arizona Cardinals, Kansas City Chiefs, San Diego / Los Angeles Chargers, New York Jets, and Houston Texans of the NFL, as well as the Cologne Centurions of NFL Europe, the Florida Tuskers of the United Football League (UFL), the Birmingham Iron of the Alliance of American Football (AAF) and the Los Angeles Wildcats of the XFL.

Early life
Novak was born and raised in San Diego, California. After moving to Charlottesville, Virginia in 1994, he attended Albemarle High School, where he was a letterman in football, soccer, and tennis. In football, Novak was a three-year varsity letterman, twice garnering All-District and All-Daily Progress honors, and winning All-State honors following his sophomore and senior seasons. Novak was also an All-District central defender on Albemarle's soccer team. On May 4, 2018, he was inducted into the Albemarle High School Hall of Fame.

College career
Novak attended the University of Maryland. It was during a nationally televised game in 2001 against Georgia Tech that the then-redshirt freshman established himself, successfully completing a 46-yard field goal to send the game into overtime, and earning his nickname, "The Kick". In the second stanza, Novak connected on a 26-yard field goal that ultimately won the game for a resurgent Terrapin team. Novak would go on to establish himself as one of the more consistent and clutch kickers in the country; his leg keyed comeback victories against North Carolina State in 2002 and 2003. Accordingly, Novak was frequently an all-conference specialist and a mainstay on the Lou Groza watchlist. During the first game of his senior season, Novak became the ACC's all-time leading scorer, kicking a field goal and allowing him to surpass Scott Bentley's career total of 324 points. Novak ultimately ended his college career with 393 points, which was best in the league and fifth-best all-time amongst kickers in the NCAA at the time of his graduation.

Novak was awarded the Jim Tatum Award by the ACC, given annually to the top senior student-athlete among the league's football players. He is one of only three Maryland players to receive that award since its inception in 1979. Maryland Coach Ralph Freidgen said, "I don't think there could have been a more deserving recipient for the Tatum Award than Nick Novak. Everything he does in his life is toward the goal of perfection. It has been a pleasure to see the effort that he has given both on the field and in the classroom and he is a tremendous example of the type of person and player we are looking for at the University of Maryland."

While at Maryland, Novak was a two-time member of the All-ACC Academic Football team, a three-time member of the ACC Honor Roll and made Maryland's Dean's List on three occasions. He is a three-time CoSida Academic All-District selection and was named the 2004 LeFrak Scholar, an honor given to a Maryland football player, basketball player, and track athlete who "exhibits extraordinary athletic ability, leadership and athletic achievement."

Novak was also a member of the Maryland Alpha chapter of Phi Delta Theta at The University of Maryland in College Park. In 2007, he was selected to be commemorated in a special edition poster recognizing the top 30 figures in Maryland football history entitled "A Winning Tradition", "honoring and paying tribute to the players and coaches who made a significant impact on the Maryland Football Program, both on and off the field over the past fifty plus years."

Chicago Bears
Novak, an undrafted free agent, signed with the Chicago Bears on April 29, 2005. He was waived on August 29, 2005.

Dallas Cowboys
Novak was then signed by the Dallas Cowboys on August 30, 2005 and was waived on September 3, 2005.

Washington Redskins (first stint)
Novak signed with the Washington Redskins in September 2005, and appeared in five games, notably hitting a game-winning extra point in the narrow season-opening 14–13 road victory over the Dallas Cowboys on Monday Night Football and coming through with a game-saving tackle on the ensuing kickoff. Three weeks later in a 20–17 victory over the Seattle Seahawks, he kicked a game-winning field goal in overtime, which kept the Redskins undefeated and atop the NFC East. Since Novak was signed that year for the limited purpose of filling in for an ailing John Hall, he was released shortly after Hall returned to form.

Arizona Cardinals
Shortly after his release from the Redskins, Novak was signed by the Arizona Cardinals for kickoff duties while Neil Rackers hobbled through the latter half of the 2005 season. Novak appeared in five games for the Cardinals in 2005 and was 3 for 3 on field goal attempts.

Washington Redskins (second stint)
After spending the 2006 preseason with the Cardinals, he re-signed with the Redskins on October 10, 2006, again replacing injured kicker John Hall. During a Week 9 22–19 victory over the Dallas Cowboys, after Novak missed a 49-yard field goal with 35 seconds left, Redskins safety Troy Vincent blocked a Cowboys field goal; Sean Taylor picked the ball up and ran it all the way to the Dallas 45-yard line. Then, a facemask penalty was called which moved the ball to the Cowboys’ 30-yard line and gave the Redskins one more play with no time on the clock. Novak then kicked a 47-yard game-winning field goal. It was subsequently ranked the fourth greatest moment in FedExField history by Redskins.com. On December 4, the Redskins released Novak in favor of Shaun Suisham.

NFL Europe
After the end of the 2006 season, Novak was signed by the Chicago Bears and allocated to NFL Europa, serving as the placekicker for the Cologne Centurions in NFL Europa's final season. He had a successful campaign in Europe, including a game-winner for the third-place Centurions. After an impressive preseason with the Bears, Novak was released due to the presence of All-Pro kicker Robbie Gould.

Kansas City Chiefs
Novak was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs on February 18, 2008, after auditioning for several teams in the 2007 season, including the San Diego Chargers, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Chiefs.

On September 28, 2008, Novak kicked four field goals in a 33–19 victory over the Denver Broncos.

On October 21, 2008, Novak was cut after missing two field goals during a Week 6 34–10 loss to the Tennessee Titans.

San Diego Chargers (first stint)
On April 29, 2010, Novak signed with the reigning AFC West Champion San Diego Chargers to provide depth behind Nate Kaeding. After matching Kaeding, but ultimately losing out to the incumbent, the Chargers released Novak in the final round of preseason cuts.

Florida Tuskers
The Florida Tuskers of the United Football League signed Novak for the 2010 season. In his league debut against the Las Vegas Locomotives, Novak set the UFL record for the longest field goal with a 54-yarder. He also made a 23-yard field goal and three-point after touchdown kicks. For his performance, Novak was named the UFL Special Teams Player of the Week. Against Hartford in Week 4, he was again named UFL Special Teams Player of the Week when he connected on field goals of 29, 42, 24, and 38 yards, in a close Tusker victory. Novak's four field goals were a single-game United Football League record, as were his 15 overall points.

In the regular season, Novak led the league in points with 69, was 15–18 on field goals and holds every league and career place-kicking record in UFL history. He added on two field goals and two extra points in the UFL Championship to push his overall point total to 77 and his final field goal total to 17/21. On November 24, Novak was named the UFL Special Teams MVP for the 2010 season.

Notably, in mid-October 2010, the Chargers wanted to sign Novak to replace an injured Nate Kaeding. Novak beat out three other kickers in a tryout for the position at Charger Park. However, there were games still remaining in the UFL season and Novak remained under contract with the Tuskers. The Chargers were willing to pay the UFL required release fee of $150,000 to get him, but the UFL denied the request in order to keep Novak through the end of its season.

New York Jets
On February 9, 2011, Novak signed with the New York Jets to compete with incumbent Nick Folk. The New York Daily News chronicled his attempt to make the Jets' roster in an August 2011 feature entitled, "'Journeyman Nick Novak Gives Incumbent Nick Folk a Run for Starting Job in Jets Camp." Novak was waived by the Jets after the final pre-season game on August 30.

2011 season
On September 13, 2011, Novak was re-signed to a two-year contract with the Chargers after Nate Kaeding suffered an ACL injury to his left knee on the opening kickoff against the Minnesota Vikings.

In 2011, Novak made 27 of 34 field goals and set team records for field goals of 40 yards (12) and 50 yards (4) or longer. He established an NFL career-high with a 53-yard field goal, and two of his three onside kicks were recovered. Novak also made a career-high five field goals during a Week 5 29–24 road victory over the Denver Broncos.

2012 season
Novak competed for the Chargers job in the preseason and had a strong showing before losing out to Kaeding. Novak was released on August 31.

On September 29, 2012, the Chargers re-signed Novak after Kaeding suffered a groin injury. Novak filled in for three games and became the permanent kicker after Kaeding was released in late October. During a Week 14 34–24 victory over the Pittsburgh Steelers, Novak became only the fourth kicker in Heinz Field history to make a field goal of more than 50 yards there. The victory was the first ever regular season win for the Chargers over the Steelers at Pittsburgh.

Novak's 18/20 (90%) field goal percentage during the 2012 regular season was the third most efficient campaign in Chargers history. His two misses were from 54 and 55 yards. Novak converted his other two attempts from beyond 50 yards. He was 33 of 33 on extra points and 50% of his onside kicks were recovered (NFL average is around 20%). Novak also had 22 touchbacks out of 60 kickoffs with the opponents average starting field position being the 21.6 yard-line. Of 30 NFL kickers and Special Teams Units with at least 30 kickoffs in 2012, only four had a better average kickoff starting field position than Novak and the Chargers (19.9 – Browns, 20.6 – Bears, 20.8 – Vikings and 21.4 – Ravens). Novak and the Chargers ranked at various spots in the top three in average kick-off starting field position for the majority of the year.

2013 season
During a narrow Week 2 33–30 road victory over the Philadelphia Eagles, Novak drilled a tie-breaking 45-yard field goal in the final seconds. During a Week 6 19–9 victory over the Indianapolis Colts on Monday Night Football, he capped off a 4–4 night with a 50-yard field goal in the final two minutes to seal the victory. In the regular-season finale against the Kansas City Chiefs, Novak kicked a game-winning 36-yard field goal in overtime that turned out to be the game-winner in the Chargers' 27–24 playoff-clinching victory.

In 2013, Novak set a new single-season efficiency record, connecting on 34 of 37 field goals (91.9%) for the playoff-bound Chargers. In addition, he converted all 42 extra point attempts. His 34 field goals tied John Carney's single-season record for kicks made (34 of 38 in 1994). He was 11 for 11 on kicks over 40 yards.

2014 season
During a Week 3 22–10 road victory over the Buffalo Bills, Novak made two field goals to extend his streak of successful field goal attempts to 23, passing Nate Kaeding for second in Chargers history behind Carney's 29. Novak surpassed Carney later in the season, extending his streak to 32.

During a Week 14 23–14 loss to the New England Patriots, Novak filled in as a punter after replacing the injured Mike Scifres. Two weeks later against the San Francisco 49ers, Novak kicked a game-winning 40-yard field goal in overtime to keep the Chargers in contention for a playoff berth as the Chargers won by a score of 38–25. He finished the 2014 season converting all 40 extra point attempts and 22 of 26 field goal attempts.

2015 season
On September 5, 2015, Novak was released in the final round of preseason cuts in favor of undrafted rookie Josh Lambo. Novak did not have a touchback in the final half of 2014, while Lambo displayed a strong leg during exhibition games.

Novak converted 101 of 117 (86.3%) field goals in his four seasons with the Chargers. He ended up sixth on the all-time Chargers scoring list with 503 points, passing Lance Alworth's 500 points.

2015 season
Novak signed with the Houston Texans on September 29, 2015. In 13 regular season games, he was 18 of 21 on field goals, good for 85.7%, with his three misses coming from beyond 50 yards. It was the fourth most efficient season in Texans' history. Novak’s longest make was from 51 yards, and he was 29 of 31 on extra points (93.5%), above the league average of 93.36%, from the new 33-yard extra point distance. Of the 32 NFL kickers who took at least 20 extra points in 2015, 15 missed less than two, and the average number of total misses was 2.09. Novak had his best year statistically for touchbacks, getting 23 on 62 kickoffs. The opponents' average starting field position on Novak's 62 kickoffs was the 24-yard-line (tied for 16th out of the 32 active kickers/kick-off specialists and their coverage units as of week 17).

Novak's consistent kicking in 2015 was a key factor in several victories on the way to the Texans' AFC South Championship.

2016 season
During a narrow 12–10 Week 16 victory over the Cincinnati Bengals, Novak set new single season Texans' marks for both field goals made (34) and field goals attempted (39). The Texans clinched their second consecutive AFC South Championship with the victory. Novak finished the season converting 22 of 25 extra point attempts and a career-best 35 field goals out of 41 attempts for 85.4%. He finished the season with 127 points, good for the fourth best season point total in Texans history.

During the Wild Card Round against the Oakland Raiders, Novak kicked two field goals, from 50 and 38 yards, and three extra points in the 27–14 victory.

2017 season
On March 8, 2017, Novak signed a one-year, $3.15 million contract extension with the Texans.

On September 2, 2017, Novak was released by the Texans in favor of Ka'imi Fairbairn, who was considered to have a stronger leg.

Los Angeles Chargers (third stint)
On October 5, 2017, Novak signed with the Los Angeles Chargers after struggles from rookie Younghoe Koo.

During a narrow Week 6 17–16 road victory over the Oakland Raiders, Novak kicked the game-winning field goal. During a Week 11 54–24 victory over the Buffalo Bills, he scored 18 points and tied Hall of Famer Lance Alworth for sixth on the all-time scoring list, with 500 points as a Charger. Novak passed Alworth with a field goal the following week (503 points). However, in the next game against Dallas Cowboys, Novak suffered a back injury. He was placed on injured reserve on December 2, 2017. He finished the season converting 17 of 18 extra points and nine of 13 field goal attempts in seven games.

Novak was named to the 2010s (2010–2019) San Diego/LA Chargers All-Decade Team.

Birmingham Iron
On August 6, 2018, Novak was signed by the Birmingham Iron of the Alliance of American Football league.

During the 2019 AAF season opener against the Memphis Express, Novak made all four of his field goal attempts in a 26–0 victory. For his performance, Novak was named AAF Special Teams Player of the Week. On March 14, 2019, he kicked a memorable last second game-winner in a 32–29 victory over the Fleet at SDCCU Stadium in San Diego. The league ceased operations in April 2019.

Los Angeles Wildcats
In October 2019, Novak was selected by the Los Angeles Wildcats in the 2020 XFL Draft's open phase. He was placed on injured reserve on March 3, 2020. Novak had his contract terminated when the league suspended operations on April 10, 2020.

Coaching career
In July 2021, Novak was named Head Football Coach at Maranatha High School in San Diego, California after a season as Maranatha’s Special Teams Coach. In January 2022, he was the Specialist/Assistant Coach on Jeff Fisher’s American Team Staff for the NFLPA Collegiate Bowl.

title: Nick Novak


text:
User:Throup/monobook.css

/* make a few corners round, only supported by moz/firefox/other gecko browsers for now */ -moz-border-radius-topleft: 1em; -moz-border-radius-topright: 1em; } -moz-border-radius-topleft: 1em; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 1em; } div.pBody { -moz-border-radius-topright: 1em; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 1em; }
 * 1) p-cactions ul li, #p-cactions ul li a {
 * 1) content {

/* same following the css3 draft specs, any browsers supporting this? */ border-radius-topleft: 1em; border-radius-topright: 1em; } border-radius-topleft: 1em; border-radius-bottomleft: 1em; } div.pBody { border-radius-topright: 1em; border-radius-bottomright: 1em; }
 * 1) p-cactions ul li, #p-cactions ul li a {
 * 1) content {

/* bottom tab styling (not for IE currently) */ margin: -0.3em 0 0 11.5em; white-space:nowrap; line-height: 1.1em; overflow: visible; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0 0 0 1em; list-style: none; font-size: 95%; }   display: inline; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-top: none; padding: 0.1em 0 0 0; margin: 0 0.3em 0 0; overflow: visible; background: White; }   border-color: #fabd23; padding: 0.2em 0 0 0; }   background-color: White; color: #002bb8; border: none; padding: 0.3em 0.8em 0 0.8em; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase; position: relative; margin: 0; }   z-index: 3; text-decoration: none; }   padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; } /* offsets to distinguish the tab groups */ li#mytabs-ca-talk { margin-right: 1.6em; } li#mytabs-ca-watch, li#mytabs-ca-unwatch, li#mytabs-ca-varlang-0, li#mytabs-ca-print { margin-left: 1.6em; }
 * 1) mytabs {
 * 1) mytabs .hiddenStructure { display: none; }
 * 2) mytabs li {
 * 1) mytabs li.selected {
 * 1) mytabs li a {
 * 1) mytabs li.selected a { z-index: 3; }
 * 2) mytabs .new a { color:#ba0000; }
 * 3) mytabs li a:hover {
 * 1) mytabs h5 { display: none; }
 * 2) mytabs li.istalk { margin-right: 0; }
 * 3) mytabs li.istalk a { padding-right: 0.5em; }
 * 4) mytabs-ca-addsection a {

/* remove comment tags if bottom tabs should be rounded as well in moz */ -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 1em; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 1em; border-radius-bottomleft: 1em; border-radius-bottomright: 1em; }
 * 1) mytabs li, #mytabs li a {

title: User:Throup/monobook.css


text:
Glaser-Dirks DG-300

The Glaser-Dirks DG-300 is a Standard Class single-seat high-performance glider built from glass-reinforced plastic. The DG-300 was designed by Wilhelm Dirks and manufactured by Glaser-Dirks Flugzeugbau's Slovenian partner company Elan (company). A total of 511 of all versions were built since production started in 1983. Representative contemporary types from competing manufacturers are the Rolladen-Schneider LS4 and the Schempp-Hirth Discus.

Design and development
The DG-300 has a flapless wing with triple taper based on the Hansjörg Streifeneder Falcon, and employs the HQ 21/II, a relatively thick profile (ca. 17.5%). This wing is 'blown' on the underside by 900 small holes to achieve a controlled transition from laminar to turbulent flow without additional drag. However, these holes are prone to clogging due to dirt, moisture and wing surface polishing, which makes them less effective over time. As with any racing glider, the thickness of the wing makes it relatively sensitive to performance degradation due to contamination by insect impacts or rain drops.

It is agile and a good climber, but slightly underperforms compared to its competitors in cruising flight, especially at higher speeds. The later DG-303 version with a new wing profile and winglets was developed that delivers higher performance at low to medium speeds plus increased aileron response. A fully aerobatic version (the Acro) was also sold, stressed for +7/-5g.

The DG-300 has typical DG features, which improve comfort and safety if at a performance cost. It has the large cockpit typical of DG giving excellent comfort, especially in high-altitude flight where the full-length canopy allows the feet to be warmed by sunlight. The view from the cockpit is superb, adding to the pleasure and safety of flight.

After the bankruptcy of Glaser-Dirks the newly founded DG Flugzeugbau GmbH took over the servicing of these gliders.

The operational limits were reduced in April 2007 after a defect was detected in the main spar which affects an unknown number of gliders. Consequently, the maximum speed and maximum manoeuvring speed was reduced to 135kts and 95kts respectively, maximum takeoff weight was restricted to 450kg, and aerobatic flight was prohibited - even for the Acro variants. These restrictions are removed if both spars are inspected and it is confirmed that the defect is not present. However, if the defect is found, repair is impossible and the restrictions continue to apply.

Major features

 * Wings: spar of GRP rovings, wing shell of GRP / foam sandwich.
 * Elevator: GRP shell.
 * Rudder: GRP / foam sandwich.
 * Fuselage: GRP shell.
 * Conventional T-tail with fixed stabiliser and moving elevator.
 * Retractable, sprung undercarriage in a sealed gear box.
 * Large 5"x5" hub main wheel, 200x50 mm tail wheel.
 * Parallelogram control stick.
 * Automatic control connections.
 * Self-trimming spring system for the elevator, with trigger release on the control stick.
 * Schempp-Hirth air brakes on upper wing surface.
 * Water ballast bags in the wings for 130 or 190 litres.
 * Large canopy with low sill giving excellent in-flight visibility.

Variants

 * DG-300 Elan
 * Initial production version.

 * DG-300 Club Elan
 * Intended for club use, with fixed undercarriage. Underwing blowholes are replaced with turbulator tape. Retractable undercarriage can be retrofitted.

 * DG-300 Elan Acro
 * Strengthened fully-aerobatic variant (restricted from aerobatic flight since 2007).

 * DG-303 Elan
 * With an improved aerofoil section and optional winglets; available in standard, club, and acro versions, built by the Slovenian company AMS-Flight until end of 2006.

title: Glaser-Dirks DG-300


text:
Mudashiru Lawal

Mudashiru Babatunde "Muda" Lawal (8 June 1954 – 6 July 1991) was a Nigerian footballer who played as a midfielder for both club and country.

Club career
He worked as an automobile mechanic before his football talents were discovered, and made his national team debut in 1975. The same year, he joined Shooting Stars F.C. of Ibadan, where he would play for many years. In 1976, he helped the club to their first continental title, winning the African Cup Winners Cup – the first Nigerian team to do so. In 1985 the club side was disbanded by a military governor. Muda returned to the side four seasons later as an assistant coach/player.

International career
Muda made his international debut in 1975, and won 86 caps and scored 12 goals for his country; he holds the record of being the only player on the continent to have appeared at five consecutive Nations' Cup finals (1976–1984). Lawal guided Nigeria to its first African Nations Cup title, at the 1980 African Nations Cup. The team also competed at the Summer Olympics the same year.

Lawal played his last international match on 18 August 1985, when Nigeria lost to Zambia in the 1986 African Cup of Nations qualifier.

Death
Lawal died at his home in 1991. The Ashero Stadium in his hometown Abeokuta was named after him upon his death.

title: Mudashiru Lawal


text:
Wikipedia:Collaboration of the week/1556 Shaanxi earthquake

1556 Shaanxi earthquake

 * Nominated on 09:55, 9 October 2005 (UTC); needs 3 votes by 16 October.

The deadliest earthquake in history deserves more than a stub.

Support:
 * 1)  Subramanian talk 11:01, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) May the Force be with you!  Shreshth91  ($ |-| r 3 $ |-| t |-|)  09:56, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Astrokey44 15:34, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Waltwe 16:41, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Darwinek 10:54, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Carabinieri 15:21, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Hahnchen 14:43, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) -- Rune Welsh | ταλκ |  Esperanza  19:53, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) --Wonderfool 18:02, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) KingTT 15:20, 21 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) --Revolución (talk) 23:50, 23 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Jiang 03:33, 31 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
List of planar symmetry groups

This article summarizes the classes of discrete symmetry groups of the Euclidean plane. The symmetry groups are named here by three naming schemes: International notation, orbifold notation, and Coxeter notation. There are three kinds of symmetry groups of the plane:
 * 2 families of rosette groups – 2D point groups
 * 7 frieze groups – 2D line groups
 * 17 wallpaper groups – 2D space groups.

Rosette groups
There are two families of discrete two-dimensional point groups, and they are specified with parameter n, which is the order of the group of the rotations in the group.

Frieze groups
The 7 frieze groups, the two-dimensional line groups, with a direction of periodicity are given with five notational names. The Schönflies notation is given as infinite limits of 7 dihedral groups. The yellow regions represent the infinite fundamental domain in each.

Wallpaper groups
The 17 wallpaper groups, with finite fundamental domains, are given by International notation, orbifold notation, and Coxeter notation, classified by the 5 Bravais lattices in the plane: square, oblique (parallelogrammatic), hexagonal (equilateral triangular), rectangular (centered rhombic), and rhombic (centered rectangular).

The p1 and p2 groups, with no reflectional symmetry, are repeated in all classes. The related pure reflectional Coxeter group are given with all classes except oblique.

title: List of planar symmetry groups


text:
File:World A.jpg

Summary
From www.noosfere.org

title: File:World A.jpg


text:
Cheerleader Melissa

Melissa Anderson (born August 17, 1982) is an American professional wrestler, better known by her ring name Cheerleader Melissa. She is best known for her work in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, where she worked as Alissa Flash and Raisha Saeed. She is currently performing on the independent circuit for promotions such as Shimmer Women Athletes, where she is a former two-time Shimmer Champion. In 2013, Anderson was ranked number 1 in Pro Wrestling Illustrated's annual Top 50 Females list.

Early life
Anderson's father wrestled professionally in the early 1980s. Growing up she became a fan of her father's work and began showing an aptitude for sports, particularly soccer, as well as joining Palmdale High School's athletics and amateur wrestling team as one of only four girls. When only 15, she had already become involved in the wrestling business, traveling to San Bernardino frequently to train in and work for the wrestling school of Billy Anderson, her father's former tag team partner, as well as involving herself in the running of things and before long she made her debut front of stage. Despite touring so young, Anderson still studied and gained her high school diploma largely through the help of e-mailing teachers; she also credits the Internet for helping her become famous while only wrestling in front of small crowds.

Training
While training at Billy Anderson's school, she met the Ballard Brothers (Shannon and Shane) who were using the gimmick of hockey players, similar to the Hanson Brothers from the film Slap Shot. They were looking for a valet and due to their sporting gimmick, Anderson took on the role of a heel and the gimmick of a cheerleader. They toured the West Coast, mostly appearing with All Pro Wrestling (APW) where she would interfere in matches, often using high-flying moves. As Cheerleader Melissa she also received training from Christopher Daniels for a short period of time before moving on to APW where she trained under the tutelage of Robert Thompson and "American Dragon" Bryan Danielson.

After gaining experience from ring side, Cheerleader Melissa eventually had her first proper match on her 17th birthday against Lexie Fyfe in a losing effort at an outdoor carnival event. In 2001, she entered into Ultimate Pro Wrestling and lost a tag team match alongside Looney Lane which led to a feud between the two. The first loss in the tag team match would be her only one with the company as she went on to win a grudge match between the two followed by a succession of mixed tag matches, first with Shannon Ballard and then alongside both Ballard Brothers, beating Lane and Frankie Kazarian in the mixed tag team match as well as Nova in the final six-person intergender tag match. The following year, in the summer of 2002, Anderson was personally invited to wrestle and train for three months in Japan for the promotion Arsion. She was selected alongside Taylor Matheny who had recently received exposure in World Wrestling Entertainment's Tough Enough program, and thus Anderson received much internet attention by association. Among the rigorous training schedule she wrestled what she claims to be some of her favorite matches, particularly a 15-minute draw against Rie Tamada and her loss to Mariko Yoshida. Also as a present for her 20th birthday, she was allowed to tag team with veteran female wrestler Lioness Asuka.

Tournaments (2004–2007)
After Anderson returned from Japan, she became a full-time wrestler. Moving on from her pre-Japan feud with Nikki, she continued to wrestle for APW winning its Above The Law Championship from Robert Thompson in July 2004. Under her reign it was renamed the Future Legends Championship, the title under which she lost it to Daizee Haze the following year before winning it back and retiring the belt. In October, APW associated itself with the newly formed, all-female tournament-cum-promotion ChickFight (CF). In the first event, staged under the APW banner for their Halloween Hell weekend, Anderson made it through two rounds only to be defeated in a steel cage match for the final round by luchadora Princess Sugey.

She would become a staple of ChickFight, appearing at the first ten of their major events, missing the eleventh event due to injury sustained less than a week before the show. She made the final in the first two tournaments but exited the third in the first round after a double disqualification during a match with former rival Nikki, now under her better known name Sara Del Rey. Melissa won ChickFight V tournament, beating Jazz in the final, and she also went on to win ChickFight VII: The UK vs The USA tournament when it moved from the United States over to the United Kingdom pinning "The Jezebel" Eden Black in the last match. However, the focus of ChickFight VII was on the controversial ending to her first match that saw Sweet Saraya's head hung in the ropes, Anderson continued to assault her despite being trapped until the referee ended the match and Saraya was stretchered from ringside. As Anderson celebrated her tournament victory Saraya reappeared and threatened her. The feud was cut short during a pre-match brawl for Real Quality Wrestling (RQW) in June that saw the two brawl both in and outside of the building and ended with Anderson winning shortly after Saraya was thrown on an already utilized aluminum can, tearing through her ligament and leaving her hospitalized. She was forced to forfeit her ChickFight IX: Our Final Chance match the following day and would not wrestle again for six months.

Feud with Wesna (2007–2009)

Meanwhile, Anderson had begun a new feud. She did not participate in the tournament at ChickFight VIII but instead had a rematch against Eden Black for the newly created Transatlantic Women's Championship, which she won. Later in the show she successfully defended the title against Croatian wrestler Wesna Busic. The two had met years previously when her internet celebrity saw her invited to German Stampede Wrestling to face Wesna in a losing effort at International Impact I. After defending her Transatlantic Championship at ChickFight VII, their next CF meeting saw Wesna defend her RQW Women's Championship fought under ChickFight Rules (no disqualification and falls count anywhere) which saw the two go to a forty-five-minute time limit draw. This left the two at 1–1 and so a decisive match was to be held at ChickFight X but this ended in controversy when Wesna claimed that her tap out was merely an attempt to grab the rope for a rope break; their rematch later that night saw Wesna pick up the victory leaving them drawn again at 2–2. CF XI was originally slated to be a two out of three falls match to find a decisive victory until Anderson pulled out due to injury.

Their feud was picked up the following year for Shimmer Women Athletes at Volume 23 in May 2009. The company preluded the match with a video package showing their matches in Europe and announced that the winner would go on to face the Shimmer Champion at a later event. Towards the end of the bout, Annie Social came to the ring to distract Anderson allowing Wesna to use her CB4 Driver to pick up the victory. Wesna lost her championship match at Volume 25 and, owing to the controversy of their previous match, Anderson wrestled Wesna again in Volume 26 in a Knockout/Submission match where Anderson picked up the victory, making them level once more.

Pro Wrestling Revolution (2008–2014)
Back in her home state of California, Anderson competed for the National Wrestling Alliance's Pro Wrestling Revolution (PWR) promotion in a series of matches fought under the ChickFight banner. After her first loss in an NWA World Women's Championship match against MsChif, (see below) she went on a winning streak under the gimmicks of both Cheerleader Melissa and Raisha Saeed. This streak included a victory against Lacey Von Erich in one of her first matches, as well as double victories over Christie Ricci, Christina Von Eerie  and Rain,  the latter two under both characters. This long series of wins led to her, under the Alissa Flash name, competing against the luchadora Lady Apache to crown the inaugural PWR Women's Champion on January 30, 2010. In losing her first match in 20 months, she lost out on the championship. A year later, on February 5 she wrestled in Shantelle Malawski's retirement match, picking up the victory. On February 23, 2013, Melissa defeated Dark Angel to win the vacant PWR Women's Championship for the first time. She lost the title to Ivelisse Vélez on April 21 at a pay-per-view held by the Puerto Rican World Wrestling League (WWL) promotion. She regained the championship three weeks later at a PWR event on May 11. On February 22, 2014, Melissa lost the PWR Women's Championship to Christina Von Eerie in a three-way match, which also included Savanah Riley.

Storyline with MsChif (2005–2010)

After the success of ChickFight, Dave Prazak and Allison Danger set up Shimmer Women Athletes, a promotion with ties to Prazak's Ring of Honor intending to raise the credibility of women's wrestling on an international scale. Her first match with the promotion was on November 6, 2005, for Volume 1 in a losing effort to MsChif, starting a wild feud between the two. The loss saw Anderson demand a special attraction rematch—the match would be Shimmer's first hardcore match, fought under Falls Count Anywhere rules and helped Anderson gain the victory after nearly thirty minutes of wrestling on February 12, 2006, at Volume 4. MsChif took her revenge at Volume 5 by distracting Anderson during a match with Allison Danger, causing her to lose the match. Naturally the rivalry was not abated and their next match, main eventing Volume 6 on May 21, was declared a Last Woman Standing match with MsChif eventually coming out on top. Further interferences took an interesting turn at Volume 7 when Anderson came out during MsChif's match against Rain. However, before she could interfere, Rain's partner Lacey pushed her to the ground while trying to distract the referee in order to allow Rain to use an illegal weapon; an incensed Anderson fought back against Lacey in time for the referee to see the foreign object in the ring and declare MsChif the winner via disqualification. After Anderson had won her main event match, Lacey and Rain (The Minnesota Home Wrecking Crew), ambushed her with a beat down until MsChif ran out, saving her nemesis before leaving her to celebrate the victory. The Minnesota Home Wrecking Crew had threatened Anderson for involving herself in their plans against MsChif and similarly threatened MsChif for being in the way of ambushing Melissa and, after declaring themselves the best tag team in the world, demanded a match with the two for Volume 8 which became the penultimate bout of the evening. The Home Wrecking Crew's experience won out over MsChif and Anderson when a double team maneuver led to MsChif being pinned; after the match Anderson and MsChif shook hands as a sign of respect. The two soon showed they could work as a team though when they beat veterans The Experience (Lexie Fyfe and Malia Hosaka), with MsChif pinning Hosaka.

The two would meet again three months later in England for RQW's 2007 No Pain, No Gain event challenging Eden Black for the RQW Women's Championship but both came up short. The match served to build up interest for the aforementioned ChickFight VII: The UK vs The USA where Melissa would secure a victory against Black. She also beat MsChif in the semi-final. At RQW's Taking On The World the three met again with MsChif and Black teaming up in a losing effort against Anderson and Black's nemesis Jetta. In May 2008 MsChif put her NWA World Women's Championship on the line during Pro Wrestling Revolution's debut show but Anderson did not win the belt.

These series of bouts against each other did not stop them teaming together when they main evented Volume 17 on April 26, 2008, taking on an erstwhile enemy of Anderson again in the form of Sara Del Rey, alongside her Dangerous Angels partner Allison Danger. This time it was Melissa making the pinfall after an Air Raid Crash. Despite these string of successes, the tag team did not compete during the Volume 21 tag team gauntlet for the Shimmer Tag Team Championship, but they reunited when MsChif was threatened by both Kong and Del Rey for her Shimmer Championship. With both Kong and Del Rey wanting title shots, the two tag teams were actually booked for a contendership match for the Tag Team Championship during Volume 24 on May 2, 2009, which Anderson and MsChif lost. After this loss, Anderson went on a four match winning streak, including avenging a loss to Wesna Busic (see above). On April 10, 2010, at the tapings of Volume 29, Anderson and MsChif received a shot at the Shimmer Tag Team Championship, but were defeated by the defending champions Nicole Matthews and Portia Perez. The team's two back-to-back tag team losses led to Melissa dissolving her team with MsChif in order for her to focus on her singles career.

Shimmer Champion (2010–2014)
On Volume 30, Anderson was defeated by Madison Eagles in a match, where the winner would receive a shot at MsChif's Shimmer Championship. The following day Anderson defeated Misaki Ohata on Volume 31 and Ayako Hamada in the main event of Volume 32, before demanding a title match from the new Shimmer Champion Eagles. She received her title match on September 11, 2010, on Volume 33, but was defeated by Eagles. The following day on Volume 36 Melissa pinned Eagles to win an eight-woman elimination tag team match, where she, Ayako Hamada, Ayumi Kurihara and Serena Deeb defeated Eagles, Daizee Haze, Sara Del Rey and Tomoka Nakagawa. On October 2, 2011, at Volume 43, Melissa defeated Kana to become the number one contender to the Shimmer Championship. Later that same day on Volume 44, Melissa defeated Madison Eagles to become the fourth Shimmer Champion. During her title celebration, she was attacked from behind by Nicole Matthews. Melissa made her first two title defenses on March 17, 2012, defeating Nicole Matthews on Volume 45 and Portia Perez on Volume 46. The following day, after successfully defending the Shimmer Championship against Jessie McKay on Volume 47, Melissa lost the title to Saraya Knight on Volume 48. After pinning Knight to win a ten-woman elimination tag team match on October 28 at the tapings of Volume 50, Melissa was granted a rematch for the Shimmer Championship the following day on Volume 52, but was defeated after being hit with the title belt. On April 6, 2013, at the Volume 53 internet pay-per-view (iPPV) in Secaucus, New Jersey, Melissa defeated Knight in a steel cage match to win the Shimmer Championship for the second time. Melissa made her first successful title defense a week later on April 13 at Volume 54, where she defeated Mercedes Martinez. Later that same day on Volume 55, Melissa made another successful title defense against Courtney Rush. The following day on Volume 56, Melissa made her third and final title defense of the weekend by defeating Kalamity. Later that same day on Volume 57, Melissa took part in Allison Danger's retirement match, where she and Ayako Hamada faced Danger and Leva Bates. Melissa initially submitted Danger for the win, but the decision was reversed when Melissa turned heel and refused to let go of the hold after the match. Post-match, the evil Melissa completed her heel turn by attacking Hamada. On October 19 at Volume 58, Melissa made her fourth successful title defense against Leva Bates. Post-match Melissa attacked both Bates and the retired Allison Danger, before being chased away by LuFisto. Later that same day, after another successful defense against Hiroyo Matsumoto on Volume 59, Melissa was again run off by LuFisto, who was, as a result, named the next challenger for her Shimmer Championship. The title match between Melissa and LuFisto took place on the following day's Volume 60 and saw Melissa retain the title. Following the match, Melissa was taken to a local hospital, where she received ten stitches above her left eye. As a result, Volume 61 became the first Volume in Shimmer history, which did not feature a Cheerleader Melissa match. On April 5 at the Volume 62 iPPV in New Orleans, Louisiana, Melissa successfully defended the Shimmer Championship against LuFisto in a two out of three falls match, following outside interference from Mercedes Martinez. A week later on Volume 64, Melissa made another successful title defense against Japanese wrestler Yumi Ohka. On April 13, Melissa first successfully defended the Shimmer Championship against Mia Yim on Volume 65, before teaming with Mercedes Martinez to unsuccessfully challenge the Global Green Gangsters (Kellie Skater and Tomoka Nakagawa) for the Shimmer Tag Team Championship on Volume 66. On October 18, Melissa first made another successful defense of the Shimmer Championship against Kana on Volume 67, before losing the title to Nicole Matthews in a four-way elimination match, also involving Athena and Madison Eagles, on Volume 68.

Raisha Saeed (2008–2009, 2023)

On the edition of January 10 of TNA Impact! Anderson made her Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) debut as an unknown woman wearing a niqāb, later named Raisha Saeed and billed from Syria. She was in Awesome Kong's corner when Kong defeated Gail Kim to win the TNA Women's Knockout Championship. Her first pay-per-view appearance with the company was again in Kong's corner at Against All Odds, distracting Kong's opponent ODB to help her retain the Knockout Championship. The situation with Kim and ODB intensified, leading to Anderson's first match as a competitor with the promotion. At TNA's all-steel cage event Lockdown, she and Kong took on Kim and ODB in a tag team match, where Saeed was pinned by ODB. On the edition of July 3, 2008 of Impact!, Saeed lost a match against newcomer Taylor Wilde which saw Wilde become number one contender for the Knockout Championship despite outside interference from Kong.

In September her costume became a focal point for angles as Saeed became a more regular in-ring performer. On September 4's Impact! ODB pinned her and then chased her backstage, coming out later with the burqa. Kong hit ODB in the back of the head while Saeed ran to reclaim her attire, her face masked by her hair at the time. Later that month Roxxi used a burqa to disguise herself as Saeed while Kong was facing newcomer Mercedes Steele. After the match Roxxi removed her disguise and attacked Kong with a steel chair, while Saeed appeared at the top of the entrance ramp bound in ropes (implying that she had been abducted by Roxxi prior to the match). Kong took revenge, pinning Roxxi in a tag effort also involving Saeed and Wilde, respectively, but Roxxi would make a return pin on Saeed in a singles match weeks later.

Kong and Saeed soon aligned themselves with Knockout Rhaka Khan. On the November 6 edition of Impact! Khan substituted for Roxxi as Wilde's tag team partner against Kong and Saeed in a match. In the event, the evil Khan turned against Wilde during the match to help Kong make the pinfall, but her good luck was short lived as Kong and Saeed, with Khan in their corner, lost to Wilde and Roxxi in a tag team match at Turning Point. Saeed lost to Christy Hemme on the edition of November 27 of Impact!, allowing her to challenge for Kong's belt at Final Resolution but Saeed caused a disqualification, giving Hemme the win but retaining the belt for Kong. Through December Khan and Saeed were joined in their support for Kong by newcomer Sojourner Bolt; the group dubbed themselves the Kongtourage and took on ODB, Roxxi and Hemme in a losing effort during a Street Fight on January 15. Hemme was scheduled for a rematch at Genesis, however, she suffered a legitimate injury prior to the match and the Kongtourage impromptu number one contender match was made at the pay-per-view with ODB picking up the victory, teaming to gain a future title shot. The Kongtourage finally picked up a victory over ODB in a four-on-one handicap match on January 29's Impact!. The Kongtourage rapidly fell into disarray, though, when Bolt won a number one contender battle royal in early February, and a fortnight later Khan expressed her dissatisfaction with the group leading to a tag match that Khan and Bolt, who were being portrayed as fan favorites now, won. Saeed's attempts to interfere in the Knockouts Championship match at Destination X were unsuccessful but Kong still managed to retain her title.

Kong eventually dropped the title to Angelina Love at Lockdown 2009. After this loss, and with Kong unable to regain the championship, the team of Saeed and Kong were entered into the tournament to decide the inaugural Knockouts Tag Team Champions. In the first round, the team beat The Main Event Mafia's team of Sharmell and Traci Brooks. Saeed scored the pin over Brooks, tagging herself in after Kong had done much of the work causing Kong to stare angrily at Saeed. They were less successful in the following round, losing to the eventual tournament winning team of Taylor Wilde and Sarita. After inadvertently costing Kong the Knockout title at Bound for Glory, the two of them faced off on the edition of October 22 of Impact! with Saeed now being referred to as a former manager. Kong won the match and then Awesome Bombed her through the entrance stage. On September 9, 2023, Saeed made a one-night return at Impact 1000. She accompanied Awesome Kong on a 10-Knockout tag team match.

Alissa Flash (2009, 2011, 2013)
On the edition of May 1, 2008 of Impact!, Anderson appeared as her signature Cheerleader Melissa gimmick and defeated Daizee Haze in a singles match that was billed as a "try-out" for both women. However, she reappeared as Saeed later that night. At May 26, 2009 Impact! taping, Anderson wrestled as "Future Legend" Melissa Anderson in a dark match where she was defeated by Awesome Kong. Her television return occurred on the edition of July 16, 2009 of Impact! as she wrestled under the revised name of "Future Legend" Alissa Flash, losing to the debuting Sarita and attacking her afterward. Flash's losing streak continued in the first round of the Knockouts Tag Team Championship tournament where she and Daffney lost to Sarita and Taylor Wilde. As Flash, Anderson had a new outfit which included a streaks of make up around her eyes in tribute to Sherri Martel.

She picked up her first victory on the edition of September 17 of Impact! by defeating Cody Deaner in an intergender Lumberjack match. The win, though, was largely due to interference from all the other Knockouts who were lumberjacks. Frustrated at her lack of meaningful victories, Flash interrupted an interview with newcomer Hamada by voicing her frustration at the lack of fanfare her arrival in the company received in comparison to foreign Knockouts Sarita and Hamada. Flash then began to brawl with Hamada, throwing her down the bleachers of the empty arena. The two met weeks later on October 8 Impact! in an eight-woman elimination tag team match; when both were legal members in the ring they brawled out onto the floor until they were counted out and eliminated. The following week on Super Impact! the two met in a Falls Count Anywhere match which Flash lost after taking a moonsault from Hamada through a table. She finally scored an unassisted singles win on November 12 against Traci Brooks. After not being used by the company thereafter, Anderson requested her release which was granted on January 21, 2010. On March 14, 2011, at the tapings of the edition of March 17 of Impact!, Anderson, as Alissa Flash, made a one night return to TNA, unsuccessfully challenging Madison Rayne for the TNA Women's Knockout Championship as part of her open challenge series. On March 17, 2013, Anderson made another one night return to TNA to take part in the taping of the Knockout Knockdown pay-per-view, where she, as Alissa Flash, was defeated by Gail Kim.

Other promotions (2005–present)
As well as being a regular for APW, ChickFight, Shimmer and TNA, Melissa continues to tour the independent circuit working for a number of different promotions. She has had two stints in the National Wrestling Alliance affiliate Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling. In her second run, during September 2005, she had a short feud with Nattie Neidhart, taking her on in a singles match where Neidhart won using her Sharpshooter after some interference from Belle Lovitz. Enraged by interference, Anderson formed an impromptu tag team with Tiffany called Girls Gone Wrestling (GGW) and pinned Nattie after an Air Raid Crash. The following day she lost a SuperGirls Championship match against the reigning Rebecca Knox due to some interference, this time from Scotty Mac. GGW teamed up again to take Mac and his partner Ladies Choice in a Men vs Women tag match that Anderson won with a pin.

Also in 2005 she wrestled at Givin Em The Bizness for Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South (IWA: Mid-South) in a six-way elimination match for the NWA Midwest Women's Championship against champion Ariel as well as MsChif, Mickie Knuckles, Sara Del Rey and eventual winner Daizee Haze. In March 2006 she wrestled a string of matches for Pure Wrestling Association winning their Elite Women's Championship in a match against 21st Century Fox and defending it successfully against her but losing it back to her in a three-way match, also including Misty Haven.

Anderson has participated in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) workouts with Ivory, Molly Holly and Jazz. She also had a tryout match on the edition of May 26, 2006 of WWE Heat. Wrestling under her birth name, Anderson fell to a Widow's Peak by Victoria in Las Vegas, Nevada.

On January 7, 2007, Anderson won Pro Wrestling World-1's inaugural Queen's Cup tournament. After beating Melissa Strips in the first round, she received a bye through to the final to face Allison Danger. During an autograph session, she attacked Danger to the point where she was said to not to be able to compete, though Danger fought through her injury. By winning, Anderson earned herself a number one contendership for the AWA World Women's Championship.

In an attempt to build a strong women's division, Jersey All Pro Wrestling (JAPW) opened 2009 with January's Female Revolution. Under her Cheerleader gimmick, she beat Nikki Roxx and later appeared as Raisha Saeed also winning against Ariel. She appeared again in May losing a return match to Roxx but staying undefeated as Saeed against Daizee Haze. She was scheduled for a rematch with Roxx on November 16 but after Roxx pulled out she defeated Hailey Hatred to earn a match against Sara Del Rey for the JAPW Women's Championship. Anderson won the match by disqualification after Hatred interfered, leading to a no-disqualification Three Way match in January 2010 at Back Where It All Began for the title in which Anderson was pinned by Del Rey. Anderson met Del Rey later in 2010, on July 25, under the guise of her Raisha Saeed gimmick. It was during her Chikara debut in a tag team match, where she and Amazing Kong were defeated by Bruderschaft des Kreuzes (Haze and Del Rey).

On July 3, Anderson appeared as Alissa Flash for the Texas-based promotion River City Wrestling (RCW). At Declaration of Champions, she wrestled RCW Champion Joey Spector in the main event to become the first female champion of the company. The result was however nullified on July 12, after RCW Commissioner Jeromy Sage announced that the contract for the title match stipulated that the length was supposed to be 15 minutes, but the match was 15 and a half minutes long. A rematch was scheduled on August 7 with no time limits or disqualifications, Flash won the match and the championship. On May 5, Flash teamed with Darci Drake to defeat San Antonio's Most Wanted in a lumberjack match to win the RCW Tag Team Championship. They would hold the title for four months, before being defeated by Gulf Coast Connection (AJ Summers and Rudy Russo) on September 3. As a result of being pinned in the title match, Flash had to leave RCW for 90 days. On February 4, 2012, Flash became River City Wrestling's first female Triple Crown Champion, when she defeated Rick David for the RCW International Championship. She was stripped of the title on March 5, 2013. On August 10, Flash defeated Angelina Love to become the inaugural RCW Angels Division Champion.

In October 2010, Anderson began extending her profile internationally by making two appearances for Mexican promotion AAA, under her Alissa Flash ring name, picking up tag team victories over the Moreno sisters (Cynthia and Esther) and the Apache sisters (Faby and Mari). On November 5, 2011 she made her debut for All Japan Pro Wrestling in Taiwan, teaming with Black Bushi and Dark Dragon in a six-person tag team match, where they were defeated by Bushi, Makoto and Último Dragón. The following day, Melissa defeated Makoto in what was billed as the first ever women's wrestling match in Taiwan. In December 2011, Anderson took part in TNA's Indian promotion Ring Ka King, performing as both Alissa Flash and Raisha Saeed.

On March 16, 2014, Anderson, working under the ring name Melissa, returned to Japan to work for World Wonder Ring Stardom, unsuccessfully challenging Io Shirai for the World of Stardom Championship. From August 24 to September 23, Melissa took part in Stardom's 2014 5★Star GP. After two wins, one draw and two losses, she failed to advance to the finals of the tournament. During the stay, Melissa was also appointed the president of Stardom's newly established American branch. She would mainly be involved in booking foreigners for the promotion. She returned to the promotion on June 14, 2015. On July 11, Melissa teamed with Chelsea under the team name California Dolls to unsuccessfully challenge Thunder Rock (Io Shirai and Mayu Iwatani) for the Goddesses of Stardom Championship.

Lucha Underground (2015–2018)
On October 29, 2015, it was announced that Melissa will star in the El Rey program Lucha Underground and would be making her debut in the upcoming tapings for the promotion's second season. She made her debut on March 9, 2016 episode, under a mask and the ring name Mariposa, portraying Marty Martinez's sister.

Personal life
Anderson's favorite opponents include Mariko Yoshida (who innovated the Air Raid Crash finishing move that Melissa herself also uses), Wesna and Tiffany. She won Attack of the Show! ' s contest, "MySpace Girl of the Week", on September 6, 2006. She appeared on the show in person rather than the usual webcam format and went on to participate in later segments of the show.

Championships and accomplishments

 * All Pro Wrestling
 * APW Future Legend Championship (2 times)
 * Alternative Wrestling Show
 * AWS Women's Championship (1 time)
 * Cauliflower Alley Club
 * Future Legend Award (2004)
 * Women's (Active) Wrestling Award (2014)
 * ChickFight
 * Transatlantic Women's Championship (1 time)
 * ChickFight V
 * ChickFight VII
 * DDT Pro-Wrestling
 * Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship (1 time)
 * Gold Rush Pro Wrestling
 * GRPW Lady Luck Championship (1 time)
 * Lady Luck Title Tournament (2015)
 * Indie Wrestling Hall of Fame
 * Class of 2023
 * Northern Championship Wrestling
 * Amazones and Titans (2011) – with Jay Phenomenon
 * Pure Wrestling Association
 * PWA Elite Women's Championship (1 time)
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Ranked No. 1 of the top 50 female wrestlers in the PWI Female Top 50 in 2013
 * Pro Wrestling Revolution
 * PWR Women's Championship (2 times)
 * Pro Wrestling World-1
 * Queen's Cup (2007)
 * River City Wrestling
 * RCW Angels Division Championship (1 time)
 * RCW Championship (1 time)
 * RCW International Championship (1 time)
 * RCW Phoenix Champion (1 Time)
 * RCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Darci Drake
 * Shimmer Women Athletes
 * Shimmer Championship (2 times)
 * Shimmer Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Mercedes Martinez
 * SoCal Uncensored
 * Southern California Match of the Year (2015) vs. Hudson Envy on May 30
 * World Wonder Ring Stardom
 * 5★Star GP Award (1 time)
 * 5★Star GP Technique Award (2014)

title: Cheerleader Melissa


text:
Cerebroside

Cerebrosides (monoglycosylceramides) are a group of glycosphingolipids which are important components of animal muscle and nerve cell membranes.

They consist of a ceramide with a single sugar residue at the 1-hydroxyl moiety. The sugar residue can be either glucose or galactose; the two major types are therefore called glucocerebrosides (a.k.a. glucosylceramides) and galactocerebrosides (a.k.a. galactosylceramides). Galactocerebrosides are typically found in neural tissue, while glucocerebrosides are found in other tissues.

Structure
The fundamental structure of a cerebroside is ceramide. Monoglycosyl and oligoglycosylceramides having a mono or polysaccharide bonded glycosidically to the terminal OH group of ceramide are defined as cerebrosides. Sphingosine is the main long-chain base present in ceramide.

Galactosylceramide is the principal glycosphingolipid in brain tissue. Galactosylceramides are present in all nervous tissues, and can compose up to 2% dry weight of grey matter and 12% of white matter. They are major constituents of oligodendrocytes. Glucosylceramide is found at low levels in animal cells such as the spleen, erythrocytes, and nervous tissues, especially neurons. Glucosylceramide is a major constituent of skin lipids, where it is essential for lamellar body formation in the stratum corneum and to maintain the water permeability barrier of the skin. Glucosylceramide is the only glycosphingolipid common to plants, fungi and animals. It is usually considered to be the principal glycosphingolipid in plants. It is a major component of the outer layer of the plasma membrane. Galactosylceramides have not been found in plants.

Monogalactosylceramide is the largest single component of the myelin sheath of nerves. Cerebroside synthesis can therefore give a measurement of myelin formation or remyelination. The sugar moiety is linked glycosidically to the C-1 hydroxyl group of ceramide, such as in lactosylceramide. Cerebrosides containing a sulfuric ester (sulfate) group, known as sulfatides, also occur in the myelin sheath of nerves. These compounds are preferably named as sulfates of the parent glycosphingolipid.

Synthesis
The biosynthesis of monoglycosylceramides requires a direct transfer of the carbohydrate moiety from a sugar-nucleotide, such as uridine 5-diphosphate(UDP)-galactose, or UDP-glucose to the ceramide unit. The glycosyl-transferase catalyzed reaction results in an inversion of the glycosidic bond stereochemistry, changing from α →β. Synthesis of galactosylceramide, and glucosylceramide occurs on the lumenal surface of the endoplasmic reticulum, and on the cytosolic side of the early Golgi membranes respectively.

Physical properties
The melting point of cerebrosides is considerably greater than physiological body temperature, >37.0 °C, giving glycolipids a paracrystalline, similar to liquid crystal structure. Cerebroside molecules are able form up to eight intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the polar hydrogens of the sugar and the hydroxy and amide groups of the sphingosine base of the ceramide. These hydrogen bonds within the cerebrosides result in the molecules having a high transition temperature and compact alignment. Monoglycosylceramides in conjunction with cholesterol are prevalent in the lipid-raft micro domain, which are important sites in the binding of proteins, and enzyme-receptor interactions.

Catabolism
Degradation of glycosphingolipids occurs in the lysosome, which contains digestive enzymes in animal cells. The lysosome breaks down the glycosphingolipid to its primary components, fatty acids, sphingosine, and saccharide.

Chemical analysis
Analysis of monoglycosylceramides can be done by high-resolution thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and mass spectrometry. Reversed-phase HPLC is now the standard method for separation of molecular species, often after benzoylation, enabling lipids to be detected by UV spectrophotometry.

Role in disease
A defect in the degradation of glucocerebrosides is Gaucher's disease. The corresponding defects for galactocerebrosides are:

a) Ceramide trihexoside (globotriaosylceramide) accumulation – Fabry's disease. Clinical features include acroparaesthesia (tingling, pins and needles sensation in the extremities)

b) Galactocerebroside (galactosylceramidase) accumulation – Krabbe disease.

title: Cerebroside


text:
File:Slan.jpg

Summary
From www.noosfere.org

title: File:Slan.jpg


text:
Talk:Lumber Cartel

Clarify what the article is about
1)Is this article about the Lumber Cartel? In this case usenet etc can't be used as verifiable sources and I would suggest AfD.

2)Is is about a usenet meme, i.e. the fact that loads of people talked about this on usenet? In this case usenet is acceptable as a source, because such sources can be used in a cautious way to provide information about themselves. No one is disputing that these posts took place. In this case I suggest clarifying the article's content by renaming it to something such as "Lumber cartel meme" or whatever. Then it becomes an article about an internet phenomenon, not about the subject of that phenomenon.

Tyrenius 00:29, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

OR
This does seem to be a bit OR to me. Can at least some of these "points" be cited to actual anti-spammers? Also, words like "point out", "truth", "e-mail spam [is] a threat to the internet" are a bit POV. KWH 06:52, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

 * "Anti-spammers were quick to point out that this reasoning is far from the truth. There are many reasons why e-mail spam was, and continues to be, a threat to the Internet, and why people continue to fight spam either in their spare time or professionally. In addition, in recent decades only newsprint paper (which is used to print newspapers) is being made out of pulpwood (which is, also, very far from lumber), other fine papers (like the kind used to print glossy advertisements and brochures) are made out of cotton rags. It is thus unlikely that the any lumber or tree-harvesting industry would benefit from any change from junk mailing. Furthermore, lumber companies themselves have little to do with paper companies, and bulk mail constitutes only a small part of total paper use."

"Spam is a threat to the Internet" is POV? DS 22:05, 12 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes. certainly not the spammer's PoV.--Crossmr 00:00, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

I think this is pushing POV beyond the point of reasonable interpretation. Fortunately however the statement can be easily given verification in an OECD document:
 * In conclusion, there is a common understanding that spam is a threat to the Internet as an effective and reliable means  of  communication,  and  for  the  overall  evolution  of  the  e-economy.  This  common understanding has led to calls for greater co-operation among all stakeholders in finding common solutions to spam.
 * Why spam? How does it work?
 * Why is spam such a threat? The fact that the cost of sending e-mail is extremely low and does not increase in proportion to the number of messages sent is an incentive for spammers to send out as many copies of their e-mail as possible, with numbers that run into billions sent per day. The cost of spam is therefore shifted away from the spammer and onto the recipient.

The text continues if anyone wants to look it up. Tyrenius 04:01, 13 July 2006 (UTC)
 * A statement like "a sharpened pin is a threat to an inflated balloon" is reasonably self-evident and doesn't need to be verified or cited. "Spam was and continues to be a threat to the internet", especially in this context (of directly rebutting the Lumber Cartel theory) is not self-evident, nor is it verifiable. "The OECD claims 'there is a common understanding that spam is a threat to the internet'" is verifiable, but the OECD was not responding to the Lumber Cartel theory. The problem with the above paragraph is that it makes all of these statements, with regards to the fact that spam is a past and present threat, the motivations of anti-spam activists, and all the bit about lumber companies, and seems to attribute them to what nebulous anti-spammers "pointed out." Did a discussion happen on nanae where someone talked about how "lumber companies themselves have little to do with paper companies, and bulk mail constitutes only a small part of total paper use"? KWH 05:19, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Lumber Cartel. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.lumbercartel.co.uk/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110707044711/http://www.lumbercartel.cn/ to http://www.lumbercartel.cn/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060823083225/http://www.ahbl.org/docs/glossary.php to http://www.ahbl.org/docs/glossary.php
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060720194149/http://www.gamblingmagazine.com/articles/34/34-15.htm to http://gamblingmagazine.com/articles/34/34-15.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070607220605/http://bobcathoh.50megs.com/tinLC/ to http://bobcathoh.50megs.com/tinLC/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:03, 30 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lumber Cartel


text:
Talk:Rolling machine

Cannabis?
Not all rolling machines are used for cannabis smoking. Could this article be re-worded to apply to tobacco and other additives? Zer0fighta 09:59, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

A B C
I presume the letters in parentheses (e.g. "(A)") refer to an image that used to be in the article but isn't any more. Should they go? -- pne (talk) 12:48, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

vedete questa machina splendissima tedesca - please have a look at

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bild:Zigarettendrehmaschine_geschlossen.jpg http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bild:Zigarettendrehmaschine.jpg —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.228.66.199 (talk) 10:28, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

Follow up
ABC is from the picture in this article http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_(cannabis) perhaps the poster was too stoned to realize it when copying and pasting. 82.43.183.13 (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 14:30, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

LOL
what is this? a "how to use" tutorial?? 75.72.213.199 (talk) 03:28, 4 December 2008 (UTC)

 * It is...Wikipedia is not a "How-To"
 * Dreammaker182 04:54, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

Inaccurate
There are several types of rolling machines, this page doesn't cover tube rolling machines, box rollers, electric rollers. These are splattered all over the internet, and easily visible in most tobacco shops, why are they not on this page? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.104.150.108 (talk) 14:45, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

deletion
this isn't encyclopaedic content, it's a how-to, it forgets about explaining anything other than how they're used, rather crudely, and mentions the usage for cannabis more than anything else.

put simply, this article is terrible. i don't know enough about the workings of wikipedia to request deletion. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.110.90.75 (talk) 22:37, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rolling machine


text:
User talk:Iskolar

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary
 * Add the correct image copyright tag to any images you upload
 * Create a User page
 * Be bold
 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 10:00, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Iskolar


text:
Roy Black (singer)

Gerhard Höllerich (25 January 1943 – 9 October 1991), known professionally as Roy Black, was a German schlager singer and actor, who appeared in several musical comedies and starred in the 1989 TV series, Ein Schloß am Wörthersee.

Biography
Born in Bobingen, Bavarian Swabia, Germany, Black attended the Holbein Gymnasium in Augsburg and, aged 20, founded the rock and roll band Roy Black and His Cannons. His stage name derived from his black hair and his idol, Roy Orbison.

Roy Black and His Cannons achieved some local fame and were offered a recording contract with Polydor Records. However, his record producer Hans Bertram decided on a solo career for Black, and a switch to romantic songs for his protégé, a decision which soon led to nationwide fame. In 1966, his single "Ganz in Weiß"—a romantic song about marrying in white—sold in excess of one million copies by the end of 1967. His 1969 song "Dein schönstes Geschenk", sold one million copies by May 1970, having spent nine weeks at number one in the German chart.

From 1967, Black also took on roles in several musical comedy films, for example in the 1969 movie Help, I Love Twins opposite Uschi Glas.

In 1974, Black announced his engagement to model Silke Vagts (1945–2002), and the couple got married in Munich the same year. In 1976 their son Torsten was born. They divorced in 1985.

Six years later, Black died of heart failure, in Heldenstein near Mühldorf am Inn.

In 1996 the Television film You Are Not Alone: The Roy Black Story was produced, starring Christoph Waltz as Roy Black.

There is a small monument to Black in Velden am Wörthersee, Austria

During the night of 18 September 2020 the monument, which had been renewed a few days earlier, was stolen by still unknown perpetrators.

On 22 September 2020 the Bust, which had been stolen, turned up in the garden of an inn in Velden.

Discography

 * 1966 - Roy Black
 * 1967 - Roy Black 2
 * 1968 - Ich denk' an Dich
 * 1969 - Ich hab' Dich lieb
 * 1969 - Concerto d'amour
 * 1970 - Im Land der Lieder
 * 1970 - Für Dich allein
 * 1971 - Wo bist Du?
 * 1971 - Eine Liebesgeschichte
 * 1972 - Träume in Samt und Seele
 * 1972 - Wunderbar ist die Welt
 * 1973 - Grün ist die Heide
 * 1973 - Hier und mit Dir
 * 1974 - Roy Black und die Fischer-Chöre (with the Fischer-Chöre)
 * 1976 - Liebe, wie sie Dir gefällt
 * 1978 - Neue Lieder
 * 1986 - Herzblut
 * 1988 - Schwarz auf weiß
 * 1989 - Ein Hauch von Sinnlichkeit
 * 1990 - Zeit für Zärtlichkeit
 * 1991 - Rosenzeit

Awards

 * 1966: Bravo Otto in silver
 * 1967: Bravo Otto in gold
 * 1968: Bravo Otto in gold
 * 1968: Goldene Europa
 * 1969: Bravo Otto in gold
 * 1970: Bravo Otto in gold
 * 1970: Goldene Europa
 * 1971: Bravo Otto in silver
 * 1971: Goldene Europa
 * 1972: Bravo Otto in bronze
 * 1972: Krawattenmann des Jahres
 * 1980: Hermann-Löns-Medaille
 * 1981: Goldene Stimmgabel
 * 1984: Goldene Stimmgabel
 * 1989: Goldene Stimmgabel
 * 1990: Goldene Stimmgabel

Selected filmography

 * Paradies der flotten Sünder (1968), as Nick Dreamer
 * Always Trouble with the Teachers (with Uschi Glas, 1968), as Peter Hartung
 * Our Doctor is the Best (with Helga Anders, 1969), as Dr. Leonhard Sommer
 * Help, I Love Twins (with Uschi Glas, 1969), as Andy Hard
 * When You're With Me (with Zienia Merton, 1970), as Chris Bergen
 * Who Laughs Last, Laughs Best (with Uschi Glas, 1971), as Robby Mertens
 * Wenn mein Schätzchen auf die Pauke haut (with Uschi Glas, 1971), as Kristian Wernher
 * The Reverend Turns a Blind Eye (with Uschi Glas, 1971), as Michael Springer
 * Kinderarzt Dr. Fröhlich (with Heidi Hansen, 1972), as Dr. Hannes Fröhlich
 * The Heath Is Green (with Monika Lundi, 1972), as Norbert
 * Old Barge, Young Love (with Barbara Nielsen, 1973), as Mark Tanner
 * Schwarzwaldfahrt aus Liebeskummer (with Barbara Nielsen and Heidi Hansen, 1974), as Hannes Cremer
 * Ein Schloß am Wörthersee (1990–1991, TV series, 21 episodes), as Lennie Berger

title: Roy Black (singer)


text:
Talk:Polypyrrole

Untitled
detailed information of polypyrrole hichi nemidoonim ha haaa daneshjooye nasaji farzam

a question
excuse me! how to synthese polypyrrole from pyrrole? what is it's initiator? thanks

The answer - A solution of phosphomolybdic acid in THF and one of pyrrole (Fresh and clean is the best) Mix them together, then paint it on whatever surface you'd like

As the THF evaporates, the polymerization speeds up —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.166.214.5 (talk) 14:08, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

Template help
If anyone has time, the Tetrapyrroles template would really benefit from your expertise. Thanks! :) Willow 19:12, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Image Of Polypyrrole
Polypyrrole should strictly be displayed as 3 pyrrole units within the brackets with a cationic charge over the molecule and an anionic countercharge. I have provided an image of the corrected structure.;

Upgrade of article Feb 2013
Editors are welcome to comment on ways to improve the article. It has languished for a long time and has accumulated some minor references (better than nothing). A search of CAS shows that there are many hugely cited reviews since 1995 alone, some with >1000 references. We need to address how is it made, what does it look like, etc. Is this material used commercially for anything? Suggestions welcome. --Smokefoot (talk) 15:28, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Polypyrrole


text:
Roy Black

Roy Black may refer to:

 * Roy Black (attorney) (born 1945), American criminal defense attorney and law professor
 * Roy Black (singer) (1943–1991), German singer and actor
 * Roy Turnbull Black (1888–1962), American chess player
 * Roy Keith Black (1927–2009), British-born businessman in Ireland

title: Roy Black