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Stafford, Queensland

Stafford is a northern suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the, Stafford had a population of 6,978 people.

Geography
Stafford is predominantly a residential suburb, including some original Queenslander-style homes and a significant number of post-war Queensland Housing Commission homes on quarter-acre blocks built around the 1940s and 1950s.

Stafford lies to the west of Lutwyche Road, along the banks of Kedron Brook. Being an area of that age, many of Stafford's residents are elderly, but younger families are increasingly moving there.

Sparkes Hill (-27.4115°N, 153.0013°W) is in the south-west of the suburb and is 96 m above sea level. The water reservoir on the top of the hill holds 94 Ml, which 16% of Brisbane's water supply.

History
Stafford was originally called Happy Valley. It is possible that the name originates from the fact that Sir Thomas Brisbane for whom the city is named was an officer in the Staffordshire Regiment – a Stafford Knot is featured in the city's coat-of-arms. A public move to rename the area after the English county of Staffordshire in 1885 and 1886 led to its current name.

Stafford State School opened on 25 May 1886. On 24 January 1955 the Stafford Infants State School opened removing the younger children from the main. The infant school closed on 9 December 1977 and the younger children became part of the main school again.

In 1928, in what is now known as Stafford, 20 sites at Gourock Estate, Kedron, being resubs of 1 to 20 (subs A & B easements) of sub 1 of portion 96, Parish of Kedron, were advertised for auction by Isles, Love & Co. Auctioneers. A map produced to advertise the sale shows the land for sale being off Main Stafford (or Happy Valley) Road, near Clifford St.

Between 1940 and 1968 Stafford was served by electric trams operated by the Brisbane City Council. This was the last completely new tram line (as distinct from the tram line extension) built in Brisbane.

The Stafford Church of Christ was established through an outreach of the Kedron Church of Christ in the early 1950s commencing with Bible schools. Land at 610 Stafford Street (-27.4077°N, 152.999°W) was purchased circa October 1952. In January 1953, an old army hut was relocated to the site to be converted to a chapel. The new chapel was dedicated early in March 1954. In 1963, the Stafford church became independent of the Kedron church. It is now known as the Fellowship Baptist Church of Christ.

Queen of Apostles Catholic Primary School opened on 30 January 1962. In 1969, it opened its second campus for the younger students in neighbouring Stafford Heights to the north.

Construction commenced on the water reservoirs on top of Sparkes Hill in 1973 and was completed in 1978.

One of the original large employers of local workers, Gibson's Tannery (also known as Scotia Works), closed in 1982 to make way for the Stafford City Shopping Centre, which opened in March 1984. The center was extended again in 1997, which opened in December of that year to include a new food court and the first 10-screen cinema complex in Brisbane at the time, operated by Australian Multiplex Cinemas. Previously, the Stafford Road shopping strip at the tram terminus was the local centre.

Demographics
In the, Stafford had a population of 6,561 people.

In the, Stafford had a population of 6,978 people, 51% female and 49% male. The median age of the Stafford population was 35 years, 3 years below the Australian median. 75.2% of people living in Stafford were born in Australia, compared to the national average of 66.9%; the next most common countries of birth were England 2.9%, New Zealand 2.7%, India 1.4%, Philippines 1.1%, South Africa 0.7%. 82% of people spoke only English at home; the next most common languages were 1% Mandarin, 0.8% Italian, 0.6% Hindi, 0.6% Spanish, 0.6% Cantonese.

Heritage listings
Stafford has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 * 314 Stafford Road: Stafford State School

Education
Stafford State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 314 Stafford Road (-27.4107°N, 153.0174°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 264 students with 32 teachers (25 full-time equivalent) and 33 non-teaching staff (19 full-time equivalent). It includes a special education program.

Queen of Apostles Catholic Primary School is a Catholic primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls. The school has two campuses. The upper campus (3-6) is at 10 Thuruna Street (-27.4044°N, 153.008°W) while the lower campus (Prep-2) is at 46 Chuter Street in Stafford Heights. In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 486 students with 40 teachers (28 full-time equivalent) and 35 non-teaching staff (17 full-time equivalent).

There is no secondary school in Stafford. The nearest government secondary schools are Everton Park State High School in neighbouring Everton Park to the west and Kedron State High School in neighbouring Kedron to the east.

Amenities
There are a number of parks in the suburb, including:

 * Bilston Street Park (-27.4159°N, 153.0125°W)
 * Boles Street Park (-27.4062°N, 153.0025°W)
 * Father Jack Madden Place Park (-27.4071°N, 153.0174°W)
 * Gibson Park (-27.4126°N, 153.0142°W)
 * Hickey Park (-27.415°N, 153.0202°W)
 * Keith Payne Park (-27.4097°N, 153.0218°W)
 * Keong Park (-27.4072°N, 153.0067°W)
 * Longland Street Park (-27.4105°N, 152.9988°W)
 * Roy Harvey Park (-27.4106°N, 153.0062°W)
 * Shand Street Park (-27.4148°N, 153.0035°W)
 * Sheehy Street Park (-27.4125°N, 153.0064°W)

Sporting clubs
The Wilston Grange Australian Football Club has played Australian rules football at Hickey Park in Stafford since 1964. The Past Brothers competes in the South East Division junior competitions, playing out of Gibson Park in Stafford.

title: Stafford, Queensland


text:
Talk:Peter Radtke

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The German article may have things this lacked. I used what information I could from a Babel translation and the rest is mostly paraphrasing from articles I found searching on Google. He sounds in least somewhat impressive as OIs go. He also maybe among the older of us I've read about.--T. Anthony 07:52, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Peter Radtke


text:
Seventh Victim

"Seventh Victim" is a science fiction short story by American writer Robert Sheckley, originally published in Galaxy Science Fiction in April 1953. In 1957 it was adapted for NBC's X Minus One radio play as "The Seventh Victim". It was heavily revised for the 1965 Italian movie The 10th Victim. Sheckley published a novelization of the film under that title the next year, and later followed with two sequels, 1987's Victim Prime and 1988's Hunter/Victim.

The story concerns a future society that has eliminated major warfare by allowing members of society who are inclined to violence to join The Big Hunt, a human hunting game. This eliminates the approximately one quarter of the population that would otherwise be a danger. The story follows an experienced hunter who is excited to receive his latest mission, but is faced with the concern that something is seriously wrong with the assignment.

Plot
Stanton Frelaine is the co-owner of a Cleveland company that sells bulletproof vests to players in The Big Hunt, a government-run legalized murder game in which participants alternate between being a "hunter" and a "victim". A hunter attempts to track down and kill an assigned target, their victim. Frelaine is an experienced player, having already played through six rounds of the game. His older partner at the company, E.J. Morger, is a member of the rarefied "Tens Club," a status earned by winning ten rounds of the Hunt.

Frelaine receives his seventh assignment as hunter, with his victim being Janet-Marie Patzig of New York. He is somewhat surprised, having never heard of a woman playing the Hunt before. He calls the Emotional Catharsis Bureau to make sure. The Bureau was set up after the Fourth World War to run the Hunt to provide an outlet for aggression and prevent future wars. They confirm he has the right information.

Frelaine arrives in New York and goes for a walk to scout the victim's neighborhood. He is surprised when he quickly spots her sitting in the open at an outdoor cafe, smoking a cigarette. He once again contacts the Bureau to make sure she is aware she is playing victim. They assure him that everything is in order.

Frelaine feels cheated because he will not receive a full catharsis if the victim does not try to fight back. Seeking a thrill, he places himself in danger by approaching her. He pretends to be in town on business and looking for a date, but expects she will see through the deception and shoot him at any moment.

Patzig initially brushes off Frelaine's advances, saying she will probably be dead soon. She explains that she is in New York trying to become an actress, without much success. Looking for some excitement she signed up for the Hunt, but on her first mission she could not find the courage to kill her assigned victim. Now, taking her turn as victim, she is unable to contemplate shooting her hunter. So she is simply waiting to be killed.

Happy for his company, she and Frelaine spend the afternoon together. But Patzig cannot stop thinking about her impending murder and laments that she will soon be dead. Frelaine realizes he has fallen for her and admits to being her hunter, but says he would rather marry her than kill her. Greatly relieved, she kisses him and then lights a celebratory cigarette. She then shoots him with a gun concealed in her cigarette lighter.

As she aims for a killing shot, he hears her joyfully state that she can finally join the Tens Club.

Reception
The inspiration for "Seventh Victim" is an earlier short story, "The Most Dangerous Game", by Richard Connell. Originally published in 1924, it inspired dozens of movies, radio and television episodes and other adaptations.

It is claimed that it is this story, and not "The Most Dangerous Game," that was the original inspiration for the live-action game Assassin that was popular on university campuses in the 1980s. According to the first coordinator at the University of Michigan, Lenny Pitt had played it at Roeper School and introduced it to the university in 1978. A biography supplied by his publishers says that The Tenth Victim, which was based on the story, "may" have been the basis of the game "Assassin".

Adaptations
"Seventh Victim" has been repeatedly adapted for radio, stage and film.

NBC's radio series X Minus One was made in partnership with Galaxy. The adaptation "The Seventh Victim" was written by Ernest Kinoy, and remains relatively close to the original story. The only major change was to introduce the character Immanuel Gale of the Bureau, who introduces the backstory of the Hunt through a conversation with Frelaine while he packs for his trip to New York. The episode first aired on 6 March 1957. The episode can be found online.

The 1965 film The 10th Victim was much more heavily modified, switching roles between the hunter and victim. The hunter, played by Ursula Andress, is assigned her 10th victim but apparently fails to recognize him. The victim, played by Marcello Mastroianni, notices her, but is unsure whether she is really a hunter. The two become romantically involved, and it is revealed that she is actually trying to arrange the "perfect kill," having arranged sponsorship with a tea company.

Sheckley used the movie's concepts as the basis for an expanded version of the original story, also titled The 10th Victim. Two sequels followed, Victim Prime in 1981, and Hunter/Victim in 1988. The former references The 10th Victim as an old movie.

title: Seventh Victim


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Cazalys Stadium

Cazalys Stadium is a sports stadium in Cairns, Queensland, Australia. It is situated in the suburb of Westcourt. The stadium is named after the social club which abuts the oval, Cazalys, which itself was named after Australian rules footballer Roy Cazaly.

With a capacity of approximately 13,500 people, Cazalys Stadium is the largest oval stadium in Cairns. It features a main grandstand relocated from the Brisbane Cricket Ground in the late 1990s. It is used by the Queensland Cricket Association, Queensland Rugby League, and AFL Cairns. The stadium has hosted matches in the Australian Football League (AFL), National Rugby League (NRL), and A-League, as well as Test and One Day International cricket. It is the third largest oval venue in Queensland which has hosted both professional AFL and cricket matches.

History
In 1957 the Australian National Football Council, through Bruce Andrew, purchased land in Cairns for the first dedicated field in regional Queensland, which became Australian Football Park. The Cairns Australian Football League, led by Kevin Crathern (then president of the CAFL), helped clear the land of trees, filled in the dense bushland, and turned the land into a suitable playing field. In 1984 the CAFL began negotiations with the ANFC in a bid to purchase the freehold of Australian Football Park. The bid would prove successful, and the CAFL made the final payment on the ground in 1994. From 1997 to 1998, $2.4 million was spent upgrading the stadium, which included acquiring the western grandstand from the Gabba and the installation of four light towers. In 1999, the CAFL purchased the adjacent 51st Battalion barracks housing property, which later became the headquarters for AFL Cairns, and renamed the ground to Cazalys Stadium after the adjoining social club. In 2008, $3 million was spent upgrading the stadium including lighting to AFL television standards, new entrance gates on Till Street, increasing the size of player dressing rooms, providing adequate first aid and medical facilities and improved coaching facilities. In 2011, a $15 million stadium redevelopment was completed, which included new grandstand and players facilities, media box and upgraded lighting.

Cricket
In July and August 2003, Australia hosted Bangladesh in an out of season series in Cairns and Darwin. Cazalys Stadium hosted the 2nd Test and the first two One Day Internationals while Marrara Oval in Darwin hosted the 1st Test and 3rd ODI. Australia won all matches comfortably. In July 2004, Australia hosted Sri Lanka in a two test series with matches again in Cairns and Darwin. However, due to disappointing attendances in both series, Cairns has not hosted Australian international cricket matches since, despite the fact that, according to cricket historian Gideon Haigh, "Almost a quarter of the combined populations of Cairns and Darwin attended the cricket" during the Bangladesh Test and ODI series. In October 2008, the venue hosted a Ford Ranger Cup match between Queensland and New South Wales On 8 December 2016 Cazalys Stadium hosted a First-Class match between a Cricket Australia XI v Pakistan cricket team.

In January 2019, Cazalys Stadium hosted WBBL T20 cricket. International fixtures for the 2020-21 cricket season at Cazalys Stadium for October 2020 were announced by Cricket Australia, including T20 and ODI, hosting the West Indies cricket team and the New Zealand women's national cricket team respectively. Planned international fixtures announced for 2020 were subject to prevailing COVID-19 circumstances and the international women's matches were relocated to Allan Border Field in Albion, Queensland in Brisbane after the schedules were announced due to the prevailing circumstances and logistical issues at the time.

In July 2022, it was announced that Cazalys Stadium would make its BBL debut, with the Brisbane Heat to hold their BBL12 season opener against the Melbourne Renegades on December 15.

In September 2022, the stadium hosted New Zealand for three ODIs, the first international cricket matches in Cairns since 2004. Australia won the series 3–0.

Test centuries
, seven Test centuries have been scored in Cairns.

ODI centuries
, one ODI century has been scored in Cairns.

Test five-wicket hauls
, only two bowlers have taken five-wicket hauls at the venue - both bowlers took 10 wickets in the match.

ODI five-wicket hauls
, only one ODI five-wicket haul has been taken at the venue.

Rugby league
In 2001, the stadium hosted two National Rugby League matches, both involving the North Queensland Cowboys. Crowds of 13,000 and 6,113 attended the matches.

Australian rules football
Cazalys Stadium hosts Australian rules football matches during the winter. AFL Cairns is headquartered at Cazalys Stadium; the league's Manunda Hawks plays its home matches at the stadium, and all AFL Cairns finals are played at the stadium.

The venue hosted AFL pre-season matches each season from 2000 until 2007; and its first Australian Football League match for premiership points in 2011. The Richmond Football Club played a home-away-from-home match against the newly established Gold Coast Football Club in each of the 2011, 2012 and 2013 AFL seasons; sellout crowds of 10,382, 10,961 and 11,197 attended the three matches. The Western Bulldogs replaced Richmond in hosting the Suns in Cairns from the 2014 AFL season. In the first round the 2018 AFL season, the Gold Coast replaced the Bulldogs as the home team and hosted North Melbourne as Gold Coast's regular home ground Metricon Stadium was unavailable due to preparations for the 2018 Commonwealth Games.

In the 2020 AFL season. the Fremantle Dockers and Sydney Swans relocated temporarily to Cairns with officials and support staff for football matches played at Cazalys Stadium. From rounds 15 to 18, Cairns hosted one match per round, featuring either Sydney or Fremantle.

The 2021 AFL season fixture saw play their round 13 home game against  at the venue, with the match replacing the Saints' annual match in Shanghai, China, which was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. St Kilda returned to Cazalys Stadium in round 7 of the 2022 season, when they played.

Soccer
Cazalys Stadium hosted its first A-League match between Brisbane Roar and Wellington Phoenix on Saturday, 12 December 2015. Brisbane won the game 2–1.

Other events
In June 2013 the stadium hosted a Nitro Circus Live show during its 2013 Australian Regional Tour. A crowd of around 10,000 people attended the event.

Notable games

 * Australia hosted the first international Test cricket match played outside of an Australian capital city against Bangladesh from 25 to 28 July 2003. Australia defeated Bangladesh by an innings and 98 runs.
 * Australia hosted the 2nd Test in its series against Sri Lanka from 9–13 July 2004. The match ended in a draw.
 * AFL club Gold Coast Suns won their third AFL home and away season game on 16 July 2011, winning a tough and hard-fought game against Richmond 12.13 (85) to 9.16 (70)
 * Gold Coast Suns won its first match of the 2012 AFL home and away season on 14 July 2012, ending a twenty-one match losing streak by defeating Richmond 13.12 (90) to 13.10 (88). With 30 seconds left in the 4th quarter the Gold Coast Suns trailed by 10 points, but kicked two goals including one after the siren by rugby league convert Karmichael Hunt to win the match.

Attendance records
Last updated on 23 July 2017

title: Cazalys Stadium


text:
Craigenputtock

Craigenputtock (usually spelled by the Carlyles as Craigenputtoch) is an estate in Scotland where Thomas Carlyle lived from 1828 to 1834. He wrote several of his early works there, including Sartor Resartus.

The estate's name incorporates the Scots words craig, meaning hill, referring in this case to a whinstone hill, and puttock, or small hawk. Craigenputtock occupies 800 acre of farmland in the civil parish of Dunscore in Dumfriesshire, within the District Council Region of Dumfries and Galloway. The principal residence on the grounds is a two-storey, four bedroomed Georgian Country House (category B listed). The estate also comprises two cottages, a farmstead, 315 acre of moorland hill rising to 1000 ft above sea level, and 350 acre of inbye ground of which 40 acre is arable, ploughable land and 135 acre is woodland.

It was the property for generations (circa 1500) of the family Welsh, and eventually that of their heiress, Jane Baillie Welsh Carlyle (1801–1866) (descended on the paternal side from Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of John Knox), which the Carlyles made their dwelling-house in 1828, where they remained for seven years (before moving to Carlyle's House in Cheyne Row, London), and where Sartor Resartus was written. The property was bequeathed by Thomas Carlyle to the Edinburgh University on his death in 1881. It is now home to the Carter-Campbell family, and managed by the C.C.C. (Carlyle Craigenputtock Circle).

It is certain that for living and thinking in, I have never since found in the world a place so favourable. How blessed might poor mortals be in the straitest circumstances if their wisdom and fidelity to heaven and to one another were adequately great!

James Paterson on Craigenputtock
The artist James Paterson (one of the "Glasgow Boys") stayed at Craigenputtock in 1882. The following is his account and sketches of his stay:

"''Fifty years have come and gone since this lonely moorland farmhouse was tenanted by Thomas Carlyle and his newly-wedded wife, Jane Welsh.

Very little changed is anything outward; quiet Craigenputtock was then, quiet it is still. You hear the wind moaning among the trees, the leaves falling to the ground, a distant murmur of water, the bleat of some sheep on the uplands. These are the sounds by night and by day; all else is silent. In how many places, dear to recollection, has time with its changes wrought sad havoc! Here it is not so. We can wander through the quiet fields and adjacent moor; the garden still yields its scanty stock of fruit and vegetables as of old; we may sit in the quondam drawing-room, look into the once snug study, and even invade the sanctuary of the kitchen, memorable as the scene of Mrs. Carlyle's culinary triumphs. A spirit seems ever to hang upon one's steps, a presence more real than the actual occupants. It is easy to imagine the then hale Carlyle, waling solitary out there on the darkest nights, wrestling with his soul for and answer to the questionings within him regarding the problems of life, while from the open window issues the sound of music; his wife is playing Scottish airs on the piano. These walls listened to the talk of the brilliant Jeffrey; here, too, the young Emerson first met his life-long friend, whom he overtarried not many days. Here Sartor Resartus was written, and the essays on Burns, on Scott, and others. It seems an intrusion a stranger being here, even now, uninvited. Very simply were the "curious impertinent" once baffled, but now the door stands open, and, though few indeed venture near, a visitors' book lies on the lobby table, where those who make a pilgrimage to the spot can register their names. Is it not in some sense sad the Craigenputtock was willed away to Edinburgh University? Without doubt a most deserving object; but would not the trustees have been equally satisfied, indeed more so, with an income of similar value in Consols? and we should have a representative of its former inmates still there in place of aliens. It was, however, done doubtless with no lack of thought.

Let us now look to Carlyle's own impressions of Craigenputtock, how he looked forward to his eight years' stay there, and how after all that rendered it dear had vanished, he turned to its memories in his old age with fond recollection. We make the following extracts, which speak for themselves, form the recently published life by Froude – "Craigenputtock, 10 June 1828. – We have arrived at Craigenputtock and found much done, but still much to do… Had we come hither out of whim one might have sickened and grown melancholy over such an outlook; but we came only in search of food and raiment, and will not start at straws. Away then with Unmuth und Verdruss! Man is born to trouble and toil as the sparks fly upwards…  Of the Craig o' Putta I cannot yet rightly speak till we have seen what adjustment matters will assume.  Hitherto, to say truth, all prospers as well as we could have hoped.  The house stands heightened and white with rough cast, a light hewn porch in front, and cans on the chimney heads; and within it all seems firm and sound.  During summer, as we calculate, it will dry and the smoke, we have reason to believe, is now pretty well subdued, so that on this side some satisfaction is to be looked for".

Two months later Carlyle again writes to his brother –

"Here is a drawing room with Goethe's picture in it, and a piano, and the finest papering on the walls; and I write even now behind it, in my own little library, out of which truly I can see nothing but a barn-roof, tree tops, and empty hay-carts, and under it perhaps a stagnant midden, cock with hens, overfed or else dazed with wet and starvation; but within which I may see a clear fire (of peats and Sanquhar coals), with my desk and books, and every accoutrement I need in fairest order. Shame befall me if I ought to complain, except it be of my own stupidity and pusillanimity".

Craigenputtock, back of house and farmstead.jpg

In all this Carlyle seems to be struggling to look with a brave face on what was actually a temporary banishment from all the amenities of life, and his impatience now and again gets the better of him, breaking out into such expressions as "This Devil's Den," Craigenputtock. Poor Mrs. Carlyle's comment upon this period, in a letter written long afterwards, is laconic in its simplicity, and yet significant of her dreary life here. "I had gone with my husband to live in a little estate of peat bog." Indeed, her it suited much less than it did him. Unaccustomed to humble household duties, cut off from all society in which she had shone, and which she heartily enjoyed, for sole companion the preoccupied and moody, if loving, Carlyle, her lot was not one to be envied. But she had entered upon her married life in spite of the advice, and even the reproaches of her friends, and with a firm resolution to hope and wait for better days; and never while here, seldom indeed at any time, did she allow a word of complaint to fall from her lips. Nothing can adequately palliate the cruel thoughtlessness of Carlyle in taking a gently nurtured woman to rough it in this wild place. At no time very considerate of the feelings of others, it might have been expected that now, within six months of his marriage, he would have hesitated before taking this rash step. But it must be remembered that his experience of womankind from his infancy had been unusually limited, confined indeed almost exclusively to his mother and sisters, for whom he had the greatest regard. And when we think what are the ordinary and natural duties of a small farmer's wife and family, we are the less surprised at his failing to realise the difference in Mrs. Carlyle's position and upbringing. From his point of view, Craigenputtock seemed the only available course open to them. With his convictions on the sanctity of work and in their actual worldly circumstances, the move appeared absolutely necessary.

And now turning to Carlyle's reminiscences, in what light does his residence appear there after that period of his life, with its joys and sorrows, was long left behind?

"We were not unhappy at Craigenputtock; perhaps those were our happiest days. Useful continued labour, essentially successful, that makes even the moor green. I found I could do fully twice as much work in a given time there, as with my best efforts was possible in London, such the interruptions".

There is something pathetic in these few words, "Oh memory, when all things fade we fly to thee, our very sorrows time endeareth".

Let us look for a little somewhat more closely at this now celebrated place. Craigenputtock, meaning the wooded hill of the puttock, a kind of hawk, is a small estate on the borders of Dumfriesshire and Galloway, some 1,800 acres in extent, mostly moorland, and lying seven hundred feet above sea-level. Its precise situation is on the valley, running from the parish of Dunscore in Glencairn to the river Urr – flowing from the adjacent loch of the same name. It forms the boundary line of the two counties. Fully seventeen miles from Dumfries, the nearest railway station (save Auldgirth, which may be somewhat less), it will be seen to be sufficiently inaccessible. The nearest village, Corsock, is between three and four miles away. The house itself is not beautiful, not even what may be called picturesque. Where it stands nevertheless, it looks far from amiss, and seems not out of keeping with its barren surroundings. Still guarded by fine old trees and flanked by the orange and purple moors and Galloway hills, there is about it a quiet dignity which does not jar with its associations.

There appears no indication of the age of the present mansion, but from the style of its architecture, if an absolutely square building may be said to have any, it can no claims to antiquity, and probably dates from the beginning of this century. The windows were certainly fashioned since the abolition of the tax on window-glass. The front of the house, facing the north, commands no view whatever, and looks into a grassy bank, rising immediately towards a now spare plantation. To the back, where there might have been preserved a wide panorama of moorland and hills, all outlook is forbidden by the farm buildings, girdled again by trees. Indeed, so surrounded is the house, and so sheltered in its little hollow, that no sign of a habitation is visible from any distance, save from the moor above, where one may indeed see the roof and a window or more. On entering we find ourselves in a somewhat spacious lobby, hardly deserving the name of hall. To the right is the former drawing-room, and entering from it is the old study, a very tiny room which looks into the yard. On the left of the lobby is an apartment used by the Carlyles as the dining-room, and behind it is a bedroom. The kitchen, a large cheerful place, now the pleasantest room in the house, is built out at the back, as seen in the illustration. Ascending a narrow stone stair from the hall, we find ourselves on a small landing, whence four doors open into four several bedrooms, which complete the modest accommodation of Craigenputtock.

All prospect being denied us from the house itself, let us ascend Castrammon Hill, which rises in a gentle slope from the garden wall. A very easy climb of a quarter of an hour brings us to the summit, which may be a thousand feet above sea-level. Here, indeed, one has wide horizons. Looking towards the setting sun, we see almost at our feet the still waters of Loch Urr, and beyond range upon range of hills, leading to the distant Glenkens. To the right, a neighboring shoulder hinders our view, but again turning we have a range of country which extends over moorland, river, and plain, away down into Wordsworth's country. We can see where Ecclefechan must lie, whence the staid, serious boy started on his life's voyage. Mainhill and Scotsbrig are not far away, where the successive chapters of his history were unfolded. Again raising our eyes, beyond these filmy Cumberland hills, in a quiet street of quiet Chelsea we see in our "mind's eye" the scene of his later and last days, on the edge of that "Fog Babylon" he so railed against, and where the old Censor breathed his last – laying down his weary life, which to him had been one long struggle and tardy triumph; dying, to be brought home again, almost, within the shadow of the hill we are standing on, and laid by the dust of his father and mother in the quiet churchyard of Ecclefechan.

''"

- James Paterson

title: Craigenputtock


text:
Rocklea, Queensland

Rocklea is a suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the, Rocklea had a population of 1,672 people.

Geography
Rocklea is located 9 kilometres south of the city. The west of the suburb is bordered by the Oxley Creek. The suburb's name is derived from the Rocky Waterholes in the area.

It is also at one end of the Ipswich Motorway; Ipswich Road continues north from the Ipswich Motorway, through Moorooka and into the Brisbane central business district.

The Beenleigh railway line passes through the suburb which is serviced by Rocklea railway station.

Rocklea is a mostly industrial suburb, being the home to many large firms from a range industries.

History
The locality was originally called Rocky Waterholes Creek. It was renamed Rocklea after a town in Dorset, England, with the opening of the Beenleigh railway line in 1884 as it was felt the original name was too long.

The Rocky Holes Post Office was renamed Rocklea in May 1885.

The suburb was once the centre of the Shire of Yeerongpilly, which was established in 1879 and disbanded in 1925 after the City of Brisbane was created.

In August 1884, E. Hooker and Son auctioned 29 allotments of the Rocklea Estate. The map shows area near Ipswich Road and the Rocklea railway station.

In September 1884, Hooker, Sons and Elliott Auctioneers auctioned 214 allotments of the Rocklea Township estate. The allotments were on Hawtree, Brier, Piers, Holmes and Blackburn Streets. Also in September 1884, John W. Todd auctioned 28 large blocks of the Mount Pleasant Estate. The map shows the area in Rocklea bordered by Ipswich Road and what is now Boundary Road, opposite what is now Archerfield Airport.

In September 1884, 238 subdivided allotments of Rocky Waterholes Township Proper were auctioned by John Cameron. The following year, in December 1885, 152 subdivided allotments of Rocky Waterholes Township Proper Estate were auctioned by John Cameron Auctioneer. A map advertising the estate shows it to be very close to Rocky Waterholes Creek.

Rocklea State School opened on 29 September 1885.

In January 1925, work commenced on the Sydney–Brisbane rail corridor.

Rocklea Tramline Estate was advertised for auction on 11 September 1915 by Henry B Watson, auctioneer. 189 building sites were offered on Freney and Bale Streets, Rocklea. The map advertising the estate sale states that the estate was six minutes from Rocklea and Salisbury railway stations.

Show Ground Estate Rocklea was offered for sale in the late 1920s by Queensland Development Company, consisting of 104 allotments. The estate map shows the Sydney-Brisbane rail corridor under construction (built 1925–1930). The Estate was adjacent to the Rocklea Showground and included Goburra, Corella, Boobook and Galah Streets. The southern border of the estate is labelled Fauna Parade, now Fauna Parade Park.

In May 1928, W. J. Down and Co auctioned 55 allotments of the Abercrombie Estate. The map shows that the estate is in walking distance from the Rocklea railway station.

A congregation of the Church of Christ was formed in 1934, following some years of operating a Sunday school in the local Masonic Hall. A church was built in 1941 at 22 Annie Street; it was the first church in Rocklea. Increasing housing built in the area required a larger church. On Saturday 7 November 1953, a new church building was opened on the corner of Short Street and Granard Road. The increasing industrialisation in the area reduced the size of the congregation, eventually resulting in the church's in the 1970s, The church was relocated to Boonah to be used as the Dayspring Renewal Centre, the hall was relocated to Silverdale, and the funds from the sale of the land were given to support the church in Springwood. In November 1941 during World War II, the Rocklea Munitions Works was opened to make small arms ammunition and artillery shells for the Australian Army. The factory was camouflaged from above. In 1943, it was repurposed to overhaul engines for the US Army Air Force operating in the South-West Pacific against the Japanese. It was on a land parcel of over 80 acre on the corner of Compo Road (now Evans Road) and Industries Road (-27.5439°N, 153.0287°W), now within the suburb of Salisbury.

In 1949, Commonwealth Engineering established a railway factory in Rocklea.

The Brisbane Markets on a 53 ha were officially opened on 31 August 1964 by the Premier of Queensland, Frank Nicklin. The first markets in Brisbane were at Market Street and produce was delivered by boats on the Brisbane River. In 1864 the markets relocated to Roma Street Markets where they were very well-located to Roma Street railway station which opened in 1873 enabling produce to be sent by rail. The markets expanded over time into Turbot Street until the traffic congestion created by the markets forced the markets to move to the suburbs in 1964.

On 31 July 2009, the last race was held at the Rocklea horse harness racing track.

Rocklea was Brisbane's worst affected suburb in the 2010–2011 Queensland floods. The Bunnings warehouse on Granard Road was flooded and was closed for 2 months.

Demographics
In the, the population of Rocklea was 1,255, 45.3% female and 54.7% male. The median age of the Rocklea population was 36 years, one year below the Australian median. 60.5% of people living in Rocklea were born in Australia, which is somewhat less than the national average of 69.8%. The other top responses for country of birth were New Zealand 5.2%, England 2.5%, India 2.2%, China 1.8%, Russia 1.4%. 69.4% of people spoke only English at home; the next most popular languages were 2.9% Russian, 2.8% Vietnamese, 2.1% Mandarin, 1.8% Tamil, 1.7% Arabic. The most common religious affiliation was "no religion" (25%), followed by Catholic (22%) and Anglican (10%).

In the, Rocklea had a population of 1,595 people.

In the, Rocklea had a population of 1,672 people.

Education
Rocklea State School is a government primary (Prep–6) school for boys and girls at 19 Elmes Road (-27.5466°N, 153.0118°W). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 38 students with 7 teachers (4 full-time equivalent) and 8 non-teaching staff (4 full-time equivalent).

There is no secondary school in Rocklea. The nearest secondary schools are Corinda State High School in Corinda to the north-west, Yeronga State High School in Yeronga to the north-east, and Glenala State High School in Inala to the south-west.

Industry
The suburb is predominately zoned for industrial land uses. Many of the companies situated in Rocklea are part of the transport sector, with the proximity to Archerfield Airport being a drawcard. The Rocklea Works of English Electric built diesel-electric locomotives for several operators including the Queensland Railways 1600 class and successor classes.

DuluxGroup's main paint manufacturing facility is located in the suburb.

The Brisbane Markets occupy a 100 ha site on Sherwood Road (-27.5334°N, 153.0007°W) where fresh fruit, vegetables, and flowers are sold to the wholesalers and retailers.

Flooding
Rocklea is one of Brisbane's most flood affected suburbs. Severe damage was experienced in both the 1974 Brisbane flood and 2010–2011 Queensland floods. Flooding in Rocklea is particularly harmful to the coastal ecosystem because of the oil and other toxic chemicals which are washed downstream. The effect of flooding on the Brisbane Markets was minor in 1974 but since then the site has grown five times and in 2011 35 buildings were inundated.

After the 2011 flood, home and land values in the suburb decreased dramatically. The median house price decreased by 23.9%.

title: Rocklea, Queensland


text:
Talk:The Notebook (novel)

Plot - book vs. film
I changed the title of that section to "plot of the film", because this is definitely what it describes and there are differences to the plot of the book. Actually (since there is only one Wikipedia entry) I think there should be one section called "plot" referring to that of the book, and another sections containing only what is different in the film, but I don't have the time to do it right now. Carmencantora (talk) 09:10, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

Whataburger ???
Where is this information coming from? The plantation home of her family was filmed at Boone Hall, located in Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina. It's open for tours and the like, but never had a whataburger?

TRIVIA: A few years????
The film came out in 2004. How could they begin dating a few years after filming stopped??

-Easy, they didn't start dating when the film came out, they began dating after FILMING. During the movie-making process, they still have to edit the movie in post-production (which can sometime take a long time). I don't know how long it did take, but since it's late 2005, it's plausable that filming ended sometime in 2003. Keep in mind I'm making a boatload of assumptions, but I'm just trying to justify the reasoning.

Movie misquote?
I just saw the movie on DVD, and I am almost certain the quotation "It's not about keeping your promises, it's about following your heart" is wrong (or are there two places with similar quotations?). The hero is yelling at Allie after she's come back to him and she's said she's made a promise to her fiance (to marry him), but he says it's about being free. I hope some-one who has a dvd system that allows moving through scenes can check this.

 * You're right. I just watched it. "This is/it's (kind of slurred) not about keeping your promise, and it's not about following your heart. It's about security." I removed the quote. If anyone thinks it's fitting, he/she can put the correct one back up. Bufflo 01:32, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

book or movie?
is this article about the book or the movie?

If movie (as I assume due to the film infobox, this line in the intro paragraph appears to be incorrect: "is instantly smitten with fifteen-year-old Allie Hamilton,"

Clarificaion before its changed? Stuph 05:06, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * It's about the movie, no page exists for the novel. Bufflo 11:16, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I've reformatted and expanded the article so it can stand for both. Misterkillboy 10:50, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

Who is...?!
M'kaay, whoever wrote/edited this article put a bunch of random names here, like "Karlie Mitchell" and "Kayleigh Ann" and whatever... If I'm not mistaken, there's nothing in the film credits that mention these people, haha. Just wanted to point that out.

Article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Notebook —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 71.198.29.104 (talk) 06:14, 29 December 2006 (UTC).

James_Francis_Durante

 * < http://music.yahoo.com/track/21642689 >:
 * I%27ll Be Seeing You.

 * (10 February 1893 – 29 January 1980)

 * Inka Dinka Doo
 * Schnozzola
 * schnoz

Although he is heard in the movie, I do not think that we would hear his review. His voice  is  quintessentially   unique.

[[ hopiakuta Please do  sign  your  signature  on your  message. %7e%7e  Thank You. -]] 07:45, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

Actor Names
The actor names should not be used in the narrative, as this was a book first. A brief paragraph indicating who filled each role is more appropriate. It reads like a junior high school girl's book report. Croquen (talk) 02:45, 19 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed. -71.104.94.236 (talk) 07:45, 31 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Posternotebook.jpg
Image:Posternotebook.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 14:39, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

In popular culture
Needs an "In popular culture" section; it's been referenced a billion times. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.216.222.131 (talk) 20:49, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Trivia - does not need.Parkwells (talk) 16:27, 22 July 2011 (UTC)

Did the author intentionally draw ideas from the Great Gatsby? Quantalume Wanderer (talk) 19:13, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

Titles
Earlier versions of this article showed Sparks' earlier works as The Passing and The Royal Murders. I'm reverting to this, as the current version | looks like possible vandalism. Whoever has the facts on this please check and cite. Thanks. -- 201.37.230.43 (talk) 01:02, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

Edit for book
Discussions of the film and its differences from the book should be in that article, not this one. The film was adapted from the book and came later. Need sourced material on the plot and characters, and reception of the book, in addition to its having been a bestseller.Parkwells (talk) 16:00, 22 July 2011 (UTC)

Requested move 1

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was No valid consensus: the first IP gives no argument, the second repeats the nominator (note: that doesn't make it invalid, of course). The problem is that George Ho correctly points out that historical primacy does not determine which of the two should get the title. Now, WP:PRIMARYTOPIC outlines three possible types of evidence to help determine which should get it, but only one has been brought up in this discussion, the article traffic statistics. Ho may well be correct, but I think we should see some other evidence (from Google Books, Scholar--or maybe some other type of source and from "What Links Here" (the latter might give the edge to the film)). Gimli, it probably is a popularity contest. In short, there is not enough evidence here from enough contributors to change the status quo. Drmies (talk) 17:47, 17 September 2012 (UTC)}}

The Notebook → The Notebook (novel) – It doesn't matter if this topic started first before the film. Film adaptations of A Walk to Remember and The Fox and the Hound are primary topics and more popular than their original counterparts. Back on topic, I don't see how WP:TWODABS would apply to less popular novel and more popular film adaptation. As for hatnotes, useful or not, it also helps people ignore the whole article if they want only the film. --George Ho (talk) 18:41, 24 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Support the novel should be moved, and a disambiguation should be emplaced. As we have a disambiguation page, the basic name should just be redirected to Notebook (disambiguation) -- 76.65.128.252 (talk) 05:25, 25 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose The book is the original source for the name and is still popular (23,000 hits a month is not obscure), therefore WP:TWODABS does apply. GimliDotNet ( Speak to me,  Stuff I've done )  05:45, 25 August 2012 (UTC)
 * What about the fact that the novel has been viewed 700-800 times per day, while the movie is viewed five times that amount per day? Look at this before the revert. --George Ho (talk) 07:27, 25 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Irrelevant, this is an encyclopaedia, not a popularity contest. GimliDotNet ( Speak to me,  Stuff I've done )  07:47, 25 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Support – Per George Ho's reason. 68.44.51.49 (talk) 16:20, 31 August 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Requested move 2

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Andrewa (talk) 17:44, 28 November 2012 (UTC)

The Notebook → The Notebook (novel) – Per previous discussion, the film is more popular than the novel. However, I did not prove other evidence per WP:PRIMARYTOPICS. To do so, here are ones from only the first pages. Both film and novel are on the same page in Web section. However, there are other unrelated books in Google Books. Even Google Scholar neither mentions film nor book. The current news mention the film and other unrelated topics with same name, but the archived news do not mention either. By the way, I did not add "film" or "novel" or similar terms. As for other articles that link to either one, here are ones to the novel and others to the film; a lot more link to film than novel. --George Ho (talk) 05:03, 20 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Support renaming the novel. The title "The Notebook" should redirect to the disambiguation page Notebook (disambiguation), as there's no primary topic. -- 70.24.250.26 (talk) 07:09, 22 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. Dicklyon (talk) 19:09, 23 November 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Quote is too long in plot
This section is supposed to be a summary, not a long quote from the book. Paraphrase please.Parkwells (talk) 18:55, 24 April 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Notebook (novel)


text:
Triffin dilemma

The Triffin dilemma (sometimes Triffin paradox) is the conflict of economic interests that arises between short-term domestic and long-term international objectives for countries whose currencies serve as global reserve currencies. This dilemma was identified in the 1960s by Belgian-American economist Robert Triffin, who noted how the country whose currency is the global reserve currency, that foreign nations wish to hold as foreign exchange (FX) reserves, must be willing to supply the world with an extra supply of its currency in order to fulfill world demand for these FX reserves, leading to a trade deficit.

The use of a national currency, such as the U.S. dollar, as global reserve currency leads to tension between its national and global monetary policy. This is reflected in fundamental imbalances in the balance of payments on the current account, as some goals require an outflow of dollars from the United States, while others require an inflow.

The Triffin dilemma is usually cited to articulate the problems with the role of the U.S. dollar as the reserve currency under the Bretton Woods system. John Maynard Keynes had anticipated this difficulty and had advocated the use of a global reserve currency called 'Bancor'. Historically, the IMF's SDRs has been the closest thing to the proposed Bancor but they have not been adopted widely enough to replace the dollar as the global reserve currency.

In the wake of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, the governor of the People's Bank of China named the reserve currency status of the US dollar as a contributing factor to global savings and investment imbalances that led to the crisis. As such, the Triffin Dilemma is related to the Global Savings Glut hypothesis because the dollar's reserve currency role exacerbates the U.S. current account deficit due to heightened demand for dollars.

Onset during Bretton Woods era
In 1959, due to money flowing out of the country through the Marshall Plan, U.S. military budget and Americans buying foreign goods, the number of U.S. dollars in circulation exceeded the amount of gold that was backing them.

By the autumn of 1960, an ounce of gold could be exchanged for US$40 in the London market even though the official rate in the United States was US$35. This price difference was due to price controls on gold in the US: The official price of gold in US$ had not changed in 27 years, leading to a difference between the domestic value of the US dollar and its value in foreign markets. The official price had been fixed following the 1933 enactment of Executive Order 6102, under which the US government purchased gold from US citizens under threat of fines and/or jail time at a rate of US$20.67/oz, then quickly revalued the gold to US$35/oz.

The solution to the Triffin dilemma for the United States was to reduce dollars in circulation by cutting the deficit and raising interest rates to attract dollars back into the country. Some economists believed both these tactics, however, would drag the U.S. economy into recession.

In support of the Bretton Woods system and to exert control over the exchange rate of gold, the United States initiated the London Gold Pool and the General Agreements to Borrow (GAB) in 1961 which sustained the system until 1967, when runs on gold and the devaluation of the pound sterling were followed by the demise of the system.

The balance-of-payments dilemma
In order to maintain the Bretton Woods system, the US had to run a balance of payments current account deficit to provide liquidity for the conversion of gold into U.S. dollars. With more US dollars in the system than were backed with gold under the Bretton Woods agreement, the US dollar was overvalued relative to gold. The gold reserves of the United States were decreasing as foreign governments converted US dollars to gold and took it offshore. Foreign speculators did not directly contribute to the gold flow out of the US, as under the Bretton Woods Agreement, only governments could exchange US currency for physical gold. Additionally, while the Bretton Woods Agreement was in place, direct speculation by US citizens did not contribute to the price imbalance and arbitrage opportunity due to wide disparity of gold prices between the US and other markets, since US citizens were banned from owning any gold other than jewelry following Executive Order 6102, enacted in 1933 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to allow the US Government to confiscate all gold coinage, gold certificates, and gold bullion held by any citizen.

After confiscating the gold of its citizens in 1933, the US government fixed the price of gold at US$35/oz. As with all price controls, this caused supply and demand imbalances and an arbitrage opportunity which rapidly depleted the United States gold reserves. This led to less gold in the country and caused the US Dollar to become even more overvalued relative to the US gold reserves, leading to a self-propagating cycle. Furthermore, the US had to run a balance of payments current account surplus to maintain confidence in the US dollar.

As a result, the United States was faced with a dilemma because it is not possible to run a balance of payments current account deficit and surplus at the same time.

The Nixon shock
In August 1971, President Richard Nixon acknowledged the demise of the Bretton Woods system. Due to the run up in war-spending deficits and the declining economy at the time, various countries began to request their dollars be redeemed for bullion. A bullion run on the Federal Reserve had quietly started and France, famously, sent a warship to New York to take the gold back to France and was rebuked. He announced that the dollar could no longer be exchanged for gold, which eventually became known as the Nixon shock. Although it was announced as a temporary measure, it was to remain in effect. The "gold window" was closed and the United States had essentially "defaulted" on its debt.

Default in the sense that, originally countries had lent money to the United States (purchasing US government bonds) under the condition that these dollars were gold redeemable, but then following the Nixon shock they were not anymore, and in fact the dollars diminished in value versus gold itself (an increase in the dollar price of gold). Therefore, it may be recognized as a 'soft' default rather than an explicit default (a typical bond default where the borrower doesn't repay the bonds).

Implication in 2008 meltdown
In the wake of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, the governor of the People's Bank of China explicitly named the Triffin Dilemma as the root cause of the economic disorder, in a speech titled Reform the International Monetary System. Zhou Xiaochuan's speech of 29 March 2009 proposed strengthening existing global currency controls, through the IMF.

This would involve a gradual move away from the U.S. dollar as a reserve currency and towards the use of IMF special drawing rights (SDRs) as a global reserve currency.

Zhou argued that part of the reason for the original Bretton Woods system breaking down was the refusal to adopt Keynes' bancor which would have been a special international reserve currency to be used instead of the dollar.

American economist Brad DeLong claims that on almost every point where Keynes was overruled by the Americans during the Bretton Woods negotiations, he was later proved correct by events.

Zhou's proposal attracted much international attention; in a November 2009 article published in Foreign Affairs magazine, economist C. Fred Bergsten argued that Zhou's suggestion or a similar change to the International Monetary System would be in the best interests in both the United States and the rest of the world. While Zhou's proposal has not yet been adopted, leaders meeting in April at the 2009 G-20 London summit agreed to allow 250 billion SDRs to be created by the IMF, to be distributed to all IMF members according to each country's voting rights.

On April 13, 2010, the Strategy, Policy and Review Department of the IMF published a comprehensive report examining these aforementioned problems as well as other world reserve currency considerations, recommending that the world adopt a global reserve currency (bancor) and that a global central bank be established to administer such a currency. In this report, the current issues with having a national global reserve currency are addressed. The merits, difficulties and effectiveness of establishing a multi-currency reserve system are weighed against that of the SDRs, or "basket currency" strategy, and those of establishing this new "global reserve currency". A new multilateral framework and "multi-polar system" for managing capital flows and national debts is also called for, but the IMF cautions that it prefers a gradual shift to this new framework, rather than a sudden change.

title: Triffin dilemma


text:
Roman Catholic Diocese of Baker

The Diocese of Baker (Latin: Dioecesis Bakeriensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Eastern Oregon in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Portland.

While Saint Francis de Sales Cathedral is located in Baker City, the pastoral offices are in Redmond. The Diocese of Baker "includes almost 67,000 square miles in Oregon and has a population of 526,760 people, of whom 34,375, or seven percent, are Catholic".

1900 to 1950
On June 19, 1903, Pope Leo XIII erected the Diocese of Baker City, taking its territory from the Diocese of Oregon City. He appointed Reverend Charles Joseph O'Reilly of Oregon City as the first bishop of the new diocese.

The new diocese consisted of more than 65,000 square miles east of the Cascade Mountains, which O'Reilly described as "terra incognita". Some sources said that Archbishop Christie would assign discontented priests to eastern Oregon to be rid of them. This observation seemed to be confirmed upon O'Reilly's arrival in Baker City, when he was greeted by four armed priests. When O'Reilly tried to reassign one of those priests, Louis P. Desmarais, he refused. O'Reilly had to forcibly eject Desmarais from the church property; he responded by trying to sue O'Reilly for assault and battery.

O'Reilly laid the cornerstone of Saint Francis de Sales Cathedral in Baker in 1906, dedicating the building in 1908. He also completed a new 115-bed facility for St. Elizabeth Hospital in Baker in 1915. With financial assistance from the Catholic Church Extension Society, he increased the number of parishes in the diocese from six in 1903 to 25 in 1918. O'Reilly became bishop of the Diocese of Lincoln in 1918.

In July 1918, Pope Benedict XV named Monsignor Terrence G. Brady of the Archdiocese of Dubuque as the next bishop of Baker City. However, Brady declined the appointment. In December 1918, the pope instead named Joseph Francis McGrath from the Diocese of Seattle as bishop in Baker City.

During McGrath's 31-year tenure in Baker City, the Catholic population increased from 6,755 to 14,729 and the number of priests increased from 26 to 39; however, the total number of churches (including parishes and missions) fell from 54 to 50. With only one parochial school in the diocese at the beginning of his tenure, McGrath mandated that the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine be established in every parish and mission.

In 1948, McGrath received Reverend Leo Fabian Fahey as a coadjutor bishop to assist him.

1950 to present
Before Fahey could succeed McGrath as bishop, he died in March 1950. Less than two weeks later, McGrath himself died. In July 1950, Pope Pius XII appointed Francis Leipzig of Oregon City as the third bishop of Baker City. The Vatican in 1952 renamed the Diocese of Baker City as just the Diocese of Baker.

During his 21-year tenure, Leipzig built over 95 churches, hospitals, schools, and convents. After reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75, he retired in 1971.

Pope Paul VI in 1971 selected Reverend Thomas Joseph Connolly of the Diocese of Reno as the second bishop of Baker. Following the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, Connolly established a priests' council, an annual presbyteral assembly, a sisters' council, and a diocesan pastoral council with lay participation. Connolly oversaw a large-scale renovation of St. Francis de Sales Cathedral in the early 1980s. He also scheduled regular masses in Spanish, established a program to assist undocumented immigrants to apply for citizenship, and ordained the first class of permanent deacons for the diocese. Connolly retired in 1997. Pope John Paul II in 1999 appointed Monsignor Robert F. Vasa of Lincoln as bishop of Baker.

2000 to present
Vasa in 2002 began the process of transferring millions of dollars in diocesan assets to its individual parishes. This move was challenged in court, with the plaintiffs claiming that Vasa was attempting to shield the diocese from multi-million dollar judgements in sexual abuse settlements. In 2003, a judge ruled that there was no evidence of fraud and that Vasa could complete the transfers.

In a 2006 column, Vasa implied that Catholics who supported abortion rights for women were guilty of a so-called heresy of murder. Vasa stated in 2010 that St. Charles Medical Center in Bend had "gradually moved away" from the church's ethical directives and could no longer be called Catholic. As a result, Vasa would not allow priests to celebrate mass in the hospital chapel and St. Charles was forced to return all Catholic religious items to the diocese. However, the hospital retained the St. Charles name and the cross on his facility. Vasa became coadjutor bishop for the Diocese of Santa Rosa in 2011.

Reverend Liam Cary of Portland was named the bishop of Baker by Pope Benedict XVI in 2012. In April 2013, Cary asked Reverend James Radloff to resign as pastor of his parish in Bend and take a posting in a small town in rural Oregon. Cary was allegedly upset over Radloff's support of petition opposing the transfer of another priest. Radloff appealed Cary's order to the Congregation for Clergy, which in January 2014 upheld the order. Radloff in April 2014 announced that he was joining the Evangelical Catholic Church.

In 2017, the diocese move the chancery to Redmond. As of 2023, Cary is the bishop of Baker.

Sex abuse
By February 2002, four men were suing the diocese, stating that they had been sexually abused as boys by Reverend David Hazen during the 1970s and earlier. They said that the diocese knew about the abuse. Eight more men joined the lawsuit in June 2002. The diocese settled with the 18 plaintiffs in 2004.

In 2011, the diocese was sued by the family of two five-year-old girls who had been sexually molested by a 12-year-old boy at St. Francis of Assisi Parish in Bend. The incident happened in the church music room during a young adult weekend retreat in 2009. The plaintiffs claimed that the diocese was vicariously liable for the assault.

Territory
The Diocese of Baker consists of the counties of Baker, Crook, Deschutes, Gilliam, Grant, Harney, Hood River, Jefferson, Klamath, Lake, Malheur, Morrow, Sherman, Umatilla, Union, Wallowa, Wasco and Wheeler in Eastern Oregon.

Bishops of Baker City

 * 1) Charles Joseph O'Reilly (1903-1918)
 * 2) Joseph Francis McGrath (1918-1950) - Leo Fabian Fahey (coadjutor bishop 1948–1950), died before succession
 * 3) Francis Peter Leipzig (1950-1952), title changed with title of diocese

Bishops of Baker

 * 1) Francis Peter Leipzig (1952-1971)
 * 2) Thomas Joseph Connolly (1971-1999)
 * 3) Robert F. Vasa (2000-2011), appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Santa Rosa in California
 * 4) Liam Cary (2012–present)

Other diocesan priest who became a bishop
Elden Francis Curtiss, appointed Bishop of Helena in 1976 and later Archbishop of Omaha

Education
The Diocese of Baker operates four schools with an approximate enrollment of 500 students. The oldest school is St. Mary's Academy, founded in 1863.

 * St. Francis of Assisi Catholic School, Bend
 * St. Mary's Academy, The Dalles
 * St. Peter Catholic School, Ontario
 * St. Thomas Catholic School, Redmond

title: Roman Catholic Diocese of Baker


text:
User talk:Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters/Silverback and 172 talk about Totalitarian dictators on my talk page

I think my improvements would address the concerns that 172 raised. Probably not enough to satisfy his fanaticism, but enough to make his arguments seem hollow.--Silverback 20:52, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I am 100% certain that no category with the suggested name could ever be NPOV, no matter what might be put in the category description text. I don't think caring about neutral point of view is "fanaticism", but YMMV. Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 21:40, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Just because there are holocaust deniers, for instance, doesn't mean you should give up. Perhaps there are deniers of Stalin's purges or Castro's brutal repression of attempts to emmigrate, but most people can agree that these are facts and use reason to apply the definition.  Properly applied it is not a pejorative, it is merely descriptive.  Some people may try to apply it to leaders who don't fits the definition, and they are using it as a pejorative, but that is not a reason to reject the catagory.  In fact, as you noted, I put my name in the catagory, and didn't feel any worse for wear.  The only people who fear it pejoration are those who fear the label might stick to some favorite of theirs because their behavior gives it some credibility.--Silverback 21:50, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It's obvious that Silverback's comments Just because there are holocaust deniers, for instance, doesn't mean you should give up. are directed toward me. My entire family perished in both Nazi Germany and Stalinist Russia, with the exception of my parents and a few distant relatives, so Silverback's comments border on being libelous. IMO he should be santioned for making such disgusting comments. 172 | Talk 07:36, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * My family fought to liberate people from those countries. Unfortunately, one of them was also involved in the dangerous transportation of lend-lease supplies to Stalin's regime, helping him survive to wage the "cold" war.  I wish you would take the remarks actually directed towards and critical of you as seriously as these you go out of your way to take personally.--Silverback 10:59, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * This response is disingenuous at best, given your long history of making bizarre accusations against me without the slightest bit of evidence (like the many posts accusing me of being the sockpuppet behind "King of All Paperboys" and now the charge that I was deleting keep votes in the CfD debate for totalitarian dictators). 172 | Talk 11:09, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I was mistaken in the sockpuppet accusation, we never did find that admin. I apologize.  But that isn't a long history.  You certainly don't think the apologist for dictators accusation was bizzare do you?  You should go back and look at the evidence. Yours is some of the most glowing writing about Kruschev I've ever seen in the english language.--Silverback 11:17, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, it think the accusation that I am an "apologist for dictators" coming from you is bizarre. If I can recall correctly, you are referring to my writing about Khrushchev (that's the proper spelling) in History of Russia-- a featured article. I have written entirely or have coauthored a handful of featured articles on Russian and Soviet history that have come under extensive community peer review; yet you claim it is obvious that I am an apologist for dictators. If it is so obvious, is the community as a whole 'apologetic of dictators' for featuring my work over and over again? What about the dozens of other people who established a consensus for deleting Category:Totalitarian dictators? Your problems seem to boil down to the community's consensus for encyclopedic standards. Baiting me only serves to divert attention from the fact that next to no one is buying the substance of your arguments. 172 | Talk 12:06, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * History of Russia received 9 votes to become a featured article, hardly the community as a whole. You deserve credit for keeping the article above 32K bytes.  Keeping it under 32k bytes and pretty formatting are often the most stringent qualifications.--Silverback 22:47, 14 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Safay

Hi, Safay. I wanted to thank you for the nice image you added of Ammonia tepida. Available protozoan images are relatively scarce, particularly live forams, and I think helps the article a fair bit. Josh

Unit of selection
I'm sure we can work it out. - User:Samsara (talk • contribs) 19:52, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

Absent editors
What you will encounter is that several editors who would like to participate in the editing of several pages are absent, and are waiting for the time that editing a page and discussing it can lead to consensus and building good pages. I for the moment spend my time at other places at the moment.... Just waiting for the ArbCom to act.... KimvdLinde 01:10, 12 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I had the same reaction at first..... But I hope you can work with him, but I just wanted to make clear that many evolutionary biologist edotors are keeping all these articles at arm length for the time being..... KimvdLinde 18:43, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

Cladistics
Excellent contribution for the article, congratulations! Berton 00:40, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

First use of a tree to represent evolutionary history?
Hi,

You asked on this page whether anyone had come up with phylogenetic trees before Darwin. A biologist I know told me Ernst Haeckel actually introduced them, but I don't have a reference. If I can find anything, I'll add it here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.245.57.90 (talk) 17:57, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

Zooxanthellae or Symbiodinium?
I see your note, "zooxanthellae is not the same as Symbiodinium", and I think you should go ahead and change the article per your suggestion. As written the article is entirely confusing. --Zeamays (talk) 03:38, 7 January 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:51, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Safay


text:
User talk:Alxx

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

I noticed nobody had said hi yet... Hi!

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

You might like some of these links and tips:
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If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf melmac 08:01, 15 October 2005 (UTC). Thanks for that. Just rather a bit slow in replying.

Thanks

Alxx  09:49, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

No problem
My pleasure. You might like to add Category:Australian Wikipedians to your user page, maybe your exact location is in that category: having wikipedian categories is sometimes very usefull. Category:Wikipedians has a lot more. Alf melmac 11:10, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

No thanks.I think its okay for the moment. THough any sugestions for tidying up MDSP would be appreciated. Not sure how in depth to go to.

Thanks

alxx 11:18, 20 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I think it avoids the "how can I explain this to someone who hasn't a clue about this" need in an article. Be bold and put the first para firmly into context, at the mo' it's all greek to me so I can't give any specific assistance. I think once the context is properly established, the other sections may hang together better. Alf melmac 11:38, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

Seems a bit better now, I'm still not entirely happy with it. alxx 13:57, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

Articles for deletion nomination of Axis Communications
I have nominated Axis Communications, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Axis Communications. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message.  Chzz  ►  14:46, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
Hello there. This is an automated message to tell you about the gradual phasing out of the preference entitled "Mark all edits minor by default", which you currently have enabled.

On 13 March 2011, this preference was hidden from the user preferences screen as part of efforts to prevent its accidental misuse (consensus discussion). This had the effect of locking users in to their existing preference, which, in your case, was. To complete the process, your preference will automatically be changed to  in the next few days. This does not require any intervention on your part and you will still be able to manually mark your edits as being 'minor'. The only thing that's changed is that you will no longer be able to have them marked as minor by default. For more information on what a minor edit is, see WP:MINOR or feel to get in touch.

Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 20:19, 13 March 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alxx


text:
Errol Brown

Errol Ainsworth Glenstor Brown MBE (born Lester Errol Brown; 12 November 1943 – 6 May 2015) was a British-Jamaican singer and songwriter, best known as the frontman of the soul and funk band Hot Chocolate. In 2004, Brown received the Ivor Novello Award for his Outstanding Contribution to British Music.

Hot Chocolate
His break in music came in 1969 when he recorded a version of John Lennon's "Give Peace a Chance" with a band called "Hot Chocolate Band". Unable to change the lyrics without Lennon's permission, he sent a copy to his record label, Apple, and the song was released with Lennon's approval.

The Hot Chocolate albums were produced by Mickie Most and recorded at the Rak Records studio. Most of their songs were written by Brown and Hot Chocolate bassist Tony Wilson (before Wilson's departure in 1975), including "Love Is Life", "You Could Have Been a Lady", "Brother Louie", "Emma", and "You Sexy Thing". The band had at least one number one charting song on the UK singles chart from 1970 to 1984.

Solo
Brown left the group in 1985 to take a hiatus from music. He soon went on to have a solo career, achieving success in the clubs with the 1987 single "Body Rocking", produced by Richard James Burgess.

He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1997 when he was surprised by Michael Aspel on his birthday.

Brown was a supporter of the Conservative Party and performed at the party's conference in 1984. In 1981, he performed at the wedding reception of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer, at Buckingham Palace.

Brown retired from performing after a farewell tour in 2009.

Recognition
In 2003, Queen Elizabeth II named Brown a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for "services to popular music for the United Kingdom". In 2004, he received an Ivor Novello Award for outstanding contributions to British music.

Personal life and death
Brown was born in Kingston, Jamaica, on 12 November 1943, but moved to England when he was 11 years old. His father, Ivan, was a police officer, and his mother, Edna, died when Brown was 19 years old. After leaving school, he worked as a clerk.

Brown married Ginette Marie in 1976, and they had two daughters. Brown owned National Hunt horses, including Gainsay, who won the Ritz Club trophy at Cheltenham in 1987.

Brown, known for his signature bald head, first suited the look after he was encouraged by friends to shave all his hair off as a joke. Errol liked the way it looked, and remained with a shaven head for the rest of his life.

Brown died from liver cancer at his home in the Bahamas on 6 May 2015, at the age of 71.

Hot Chocolate

 * "Give Peace a Chance" (1969)
 * "Love Is Life" (1970)
 * "You Could Have Been a Lady" (1971)
 * "Brother Louie" (1973)
 * "Emma" (1974)
 * "You Sexy Thing" (1975)
 * "I'll Put You Together Again" (1976)
 * "So You Win Again" (1977)
 * "Every 1's a Winner" (1978)
 * "No Doubt About It" (1980)
 * "It Started with a Kiss" (1982)
 * "I Gave You My Heart" (1983)

Solo albums

 * 1989: That's How Love Is – WEA 243 925
 * 1992: Secret Rendezvous – East West 4509-90688
 * 1996: Love In This – East West 0630-15260
 * 2001: Still Sexy — The Album – Universal Music TV 138162 (UK No.44)

Solo singles
1Credited to Hot Chocolate featuring Errol Brown
 * 1987: "Personal Touch" – WEA YZ 130 (UK No. 25)
 * 1987: "Body Rocking" – WEA YZ 162 (UK No. 51)
 * 1988: "Maya" – WEA YZ 313
 * 1989: "Love Goes Up and Down" (UK No. 89)
 * 1990: "Send a Prayer (To Heaven)" (UK No. 83)
 * 1992: "This Time It's Forever" – East West 4509-90064 (Germany No. 26)
 * 1992: "Secret Rendezvous" – East West 4509-90913
 * 1993: "Emmalene (That's No Lie)" – East West 4509-92322
 * 1996: "Ain't No Love in This" – East West 0630-13951
 * 1996: "Change the People's Hearts" – East West 0630-16898
 * 1998: "It Started with a Kiss"1 – EMI CDHOT 101 (UK No. 18)
 * 2001: "Still Sexy (Yes U Are)" – Universal 158940 (UK No. 85)
 * 2001: "Heaven's in the Back Seat of My Cadillac"
 * 2002: "I Love You Everyday" – Universal 0157592

title: Errol Brown


text:
Let's Go to My Star

Let's Go to My Star is the first album by South Korean singer and actress Lee Jung-hyun. The album was released in October 1999, and spawned the hit singles "Wa" and "Change".

Track listing
Track listing and credits adapted from Melon and the Korea Music Copyright Association song database.

Miscellanea

 * GX 339-4 is the name of a black hole candidate.
 * "I Love X" features rapper Jo PD and is remixed in an uncensored form on PSY's first album as "I Love Sex."

title: Let's Go to My Star


text:
User talk:Rob1972

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

I noticed nobody had said hi yet... Hi!

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

You might like some of these links and tips:
 * some General guidance.
 * Tutorial and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
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If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf melmac 08:02, 15 October 2005 (UTC).

title: User talk:Rob1972


text:
Reconstruction of Germany

The reconstruction of Germany was a long process of rebuilding Germany after the destruction endured during World War II. Germany suffered heavy losses during the war, both in lives and industrial power. 6.9 to 7.5 million Germans died, roughly 8.5 percent of the population (see also World War II casualties). The country's cities were severely damaged from heavy bombing in the closing chapters of the war and agricultural production was only 35 percent of what it was before the war.

At the Potsdam Conference, the victorious Allies ceded roughly 25 percent of Germany's pre-Anschluss territory to Poland and the Soviet Union. The German population in this area was expelled, together with the Germans of the Sudetenland and the German populations scattered throughout the rest of Eastern Europe. Between 1.5 and 2 million are said to have died in the process, depending on source. As a result, the population density grew in the "new" Germany that remained after the dismemberment.

As agreed at Potsdam, an attempt was made to convert Germany into a pastoral and agricultural nation, allowing only light industry. Many factories were dismantled as reparations or were simply destroyed (see also the Morgenthau Plan). Millions of German prisoners of war were for several years used as forced labor, by both the Western Allies and the Soviet Union.

Beginning immediately after the German surrender and continuing for the next two years, the United States pursued a vigorous program to harvest all technological and scientific know-how, as well as all patents in Germany. John Gimbel comes to the conclusion in his book, Science Technology and Reparations: Exploitation and Plunder in Post-war Germany, that the "intellectual reparations" taken by the U.S. and the UK amounted to close to $10 billion, equivalent to around $150 billion in 2024. (see also Operation Paperclip).

As soon as 1945, the Allied forces worked heavily on removing Nazi influence from Germany in a process dubbed as "denazification".

By mid-1947, the success of denazification and the start of the Cold War led to a re-consideration of policy, as the Germans were seen as possible allies in the contest, and it was becoming clear that the economic recovery of Europe was dependent on the reactivation of German industry. With the repudiation of the U.S. occupation directive JCS 1067 in July 1947, the Western Allies were able to start planning for the introduction of a currency reform to halt the rampant inflation. This type of action to help the German economy had been prohibited by the directive.

In 1947, the Marshall Plan, initially known as the "European Recovery Program" was initiated. In the years 1947–1952, some $13 billion of economic and technical assistance—-equivalent to around $140 billion in 2017—were allocated to Western Europe. Despite protests from many beneficiaries, the Marshall Plan, although in the less generous form of loans, was in 1949 extended to also include the newly formed West Germany. In the years 1949–1952, West Germany received loans which totaled $1.45 billion, equivalent to around $19 billion in 2024.

The country subsequently began a slow but continuous improvement of its standard of living, with the export of local products, a reduction in unemployment, increased food production, and a reduced black market.

In 1948, the Deutsche Mark replaced the occupation currency as the currency of the Western occupation zones, leading to their eventual economic recovery.

By 1950, the UK and France were finally induced to follow the U.S. lead, and stop the dismantling of German heavy industry. The country's economic recovery under the newly formed democratic government was, once it was permitted, swift and effective. During the mid-1950s, the unemployment rate in Germany was so low that it led to the influx of Turkish immigrants into the country's labor force. Germany's economy continued to improve until the 1973 oil crisis.

Rehabilitation milestones

 * In 1946, the US Secretary of State (foreign minister) makes the speech Restatement of Policy on Germany, repudiating the Morgenthau Plan policies.
 * In 1947, the JCS 1067 is rescinded.
 * In 1948, the Deutsche Mark replaces the almost worthless Reichsmark in the Allied western occupation zones, initiating the start of economic recovery in western Germany.
 * In 1949, West Germany is formed from the Western occupation zones, with the exception of the Saarland.
 * In 1949, the Marshall Plan is extended to include West Germany.
 * In 1950, the dismantling of West German heavy industry ends.
 * In 1955, the military occupation of West Germany ends.
 * In 1955, NATO, which was formed in 1949, allows West Germany to join.
 * In 1957, France returns the Saarland to West Germany.
 * In 1957, West Germany is one of the founding nations of the European Economic Community.
 * In 1973, West Germany joins the United Nations (formed in 1945).
 * In 1991, a unified Germany is allowed by the Allies of World War II to become fully sovereign after signing the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany.

title: Reconstruction of Germany


text:
Johannes Max Proskauer

Johannes Max Proskauer (December 5, 1923 – December 20, 1970) was born in Göttingen, Germany. He travelled to England via a Kindertransport. His mother died in 1943 and his father was murdered in Auschwitz.

He attended the University of London, which awarded him a B.Sc. in 1944, a Ph.D. in 1947, and a D.Sc. in 1964, all in the field of botany.

In 1948, Proskauer moved to Berkeley, California, where he became an instructor in botany at the University of California, Berkeley. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1954. He became a United States citizen in 1957.

Professor Proskauer's thesis research was concerned with the biology and morphology of the British species of the hornwort Anthoceros. Much of his life's work focussed on this group, and in 1951, he recognized and defined the genus Phaeoceros for the first time. He continued to work at Berkeley on the morphology and cytology on the hornworts and also the liverworts.

He died in 1970, leaving a legacy of careful and meticulous study.

Works

 * (1948) Studies on the morphology of Anthoceros. I. Annals of Bot., Ser. 2, 12: 237–265.
 * (1948) Studies on the morphology of Anthoceros. II. Annals of Bot., Ser. 2, 12: 427–439.
 * (1951) Studies on Anthocerotales. III. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 78: 331–349.
 * (1951) Studies on Anthocerotales. IV. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 80: 65–75.
 * (1954) A study of the Phaeoceros laevis complex and the European Anthocerotae. Rapp. et Comm. VIII Cong. Int. Bot., Paris xiv-xvi: 68–69.
 * (1958) Studies on Anthocerotales. V. Phytomorphology 7: 113–135.
 * (1960) Studies on Anthocerotales. VI. Phytomorphology 10: 1–19.
 * (1962) On Carrpos. I. Phytomorphology 11: 359–378.
 * (1962) On Takakia, especially its mucilage hairs. J. Hattori Bot. Lab 25: 217–223.
 * (1965) On the liverwort Phyllothallia. Phytomorphology 15: 375–379.
 * (1968) Studies on Anthocerotales. VII. Phytomorphology 17: 61–70.
 * (1969) Studies on Anthocerotales. VIII. Phytomorphology 19: 52–66.

title: Johannes Max Proskauer


text:
Archaean

Archaean may refer to:

 * Archaean or Archean, a geologic eon between Hadean and Proterozoic
 * Something related to Archaea, a domain of single-celled microorganisms

title: Archaean


text: User:Hunterd/Desk

title: User:Hunterd/Desk


text:
User talk:Draggy

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

I noticed nobody had said hi yet... Hi!

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

You might like some of these links and tips:
 * some General guidance.
 * Tutorial and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary
 * Add the correct image copyright tag to any images you upload
 * Take a look at Consensus of standards
 * Create a User page

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf melmac 08:11, 15 October 2005 (UTC).

Thanks
Thank you for the warm welcome :) I hope to be able to contribute some valuable info to Wikipedia.  I've already learned so much here myself.

Draggy 08:16, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * No problem :) Alf melmac 08:40, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Draggy


text:
User talk:Quilly

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

I noticed nobody had said hi yet... Hi!

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

You might like some of these links and tips:
 * some General guidance.
 * Tutorial and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary
 * Add the correct image copyright tag to any images you upload
 * Take a look at Consensus of standards
 * Create a User page

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf melmac 08:11, 15 October 2005 (UTC).

System of a Down
While I approve somewhat of your edits to the System of a Down article, I'm going to have to disagree with you on System of a Down having hip-hop influences. Just because they play in half-time doesn't signify at all a hip-hop influence. There are a multitude of genres that regularly use half-time, including but not exclusive to hip-hop. A good example is classical music, and it's not like it's completely foreign to thrash, either. -- D a l k a e n T / C 08:15, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Quilly


text: Category:Invercargillites

title: Category:Invercargillites