text:
ITSO Ltd

ITSO Ltd is a non-profit membership organisation assisting standardisation of public transport ticketing in the United Kingdom.

Its objectives are to:

 * maintain and develop the ITSO specification for transport smart cards
 * operate and manage an interoperable smart media environment
 * facilitate and support development of smart ticketing schemes that comply with the ITSO specification.

ITSO was established as a result of discussions between various UK passenger transport authorities concerning the lack of standards for interoperable smart card ticketing. These discussions grew to include other authorities, transport operators and government. ITSO membership covers the breadth of the transport sector including transport operators (bus, tram and train operating companies), suppliers to the industry, local authorities and public transport executives. Supported by the Department for Transport, ITSO has links with major transport industry organisations and established smart card schemes in the UK and overseas.

ITSO started out as the Integrated Transport Smartcard Organisation but this name has been dropped and is now just 'ITSO'. That is because the specification covers other forms of ticketing besides smartcards and transport.

The Department for Transport introduced in 2008 the English National Concessionary Travel Scheme for all people of retirement age and eligible disabled persons (according to the Transport Acts 1985 and 2000) using buses, which uses ITSO smart cards. Transport Scotland and the Welsh Government have implemented ITSO in their concessionary travel schemes.

Specification
The ITSO specification is a technical platform on which interoperable smart ticketing schemes can be built. It defines the key technical items and interfaces that are required to deliver interoperability between components of a ticketing system – smart media (smart cards), points of service and back offices – and separate ticketing systems. ITSO is unique in transport smart card specifications in that it covers all these components.

English National Concessionary Travel Scheme
The English National Concessionary Travel Scheme is a national scheme by the Department for Transport in conjunction with local authorities across England, in which ITSO worked to standardise and ensure interoperability of cards and readers. The ITSO logo features on the bottom right corner of the bus pass.

Members
The ITSO member list includes most of the major bus operators, ticket issuing system vendors and passenger transport executives.

Non-ITSO systems
The largest commercial-based scheme is by Transport for London, marketed as Oyster. TfL has funded Oyster readers for all London rail stations in zones 1-6, and the Department for Transport has worked with TfL to ensure the readers are compatible with the ITSO specification.

The UK's equivalent interoperability organisation for sectors other than transport ticketing is Lasseo, which provides an open specification for UK local authorities to add public services onto ITSO based cards. A Scottish consortium of local authorities looks at standard and interoperability issues in Scotland.

ITSO on Mobile
In 2018, ITSO launched ITSO on Mobile, partnering with Google to allow passengers to buy and use ITSO tickets on their Android mobile phone. Transport operator members of ITSO can integrate ITSO on Mobile into their existing ITSO schemes, including their retail apps and websites. Purchased tickets are delivered to the Google Pay digital wallet on the phone. The first trials were in 2018 with West Midlands Metro.

ITSO on Mobile was made available for season tickets on West Midlands Metro as well as Transport for West Midlands' nNetwork season tickets in February 2021, and the Tyne and Wear Metro in November 2020.

ITSO on Mobile is delivered by Yotra Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of ITSO Ltd that has been created to develop, deliver into service and then operate ITSO on Mobile.

title: ITSO Ltd


text:
Shuttleworth Collection

The Shuttleworth Collection is a working aviation, automotive and agricultural collection located at Old Warden Aerodrome in Bedfordshire, England.

History
The collection was founded in 1928 by aviator Richard Ormonde Shuttleworth. While flying a Fairey Battle at night on 2 August 1940, Shuttleworth fatally crashed. His mother, in 1944, formed the Richard Ormonde Shuttleworth Remembrance Trust "for the teaching of the science and practice of aviation and of afforestation and agriculture."

Collection
Restoration and maintenance work is carried out by a staff of 12 full-time and many volunteer engineers. These volunteers are all members of the 3,000-strong Shuttleworth Veteran Aeroplane Society (SVAS). These dedicated enthusiasts are crucial to the preservation and restoration of the collection.

In addition to the aircraft, the collection houses a number of vintage and veteran cars. Events include model-flying days, and once a year, there is a special flying day for schools in the area.

The Shuttleworth Collection puts an emphasis on restoring as many aircraft as possible to flying condition, in line with the founder's original intention. There are typically about ten air shows per year, including evening displays and an annual Flying Proms event.

The Edwardian flying machines
Some of the most notable aircraft in the collection are the five Edwardian aeroplanes, of which one is the oldest British aeroplane still in flying condition. The oldest, with British civil registration G-AANG, is the Bleriot XI (still with original engine), which dates back to 1909; six years after the Wright brothers' aircraft and the world's oldest airworthy aeroplane, the next oldest being, at only three weeks newer by date of manufacture, the Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome's own restored original Bleriot XI (Bleriot factory serial number 56, with civil registration N60094) in the United States.

Aircraft in the collection
Also resident, but privately owned:
 * Data from
 * Miles M14a Hawk Trainer N3788 G-AKPF
 * Westland Wallace replica fuselage
 * De Havilland DH89A Rapide G-AGSH painted as British European Airways
 * Sopwith Dove G-EAGA

Aircraft of the BAE Systems heritage collection were formerly resident at Old Warden, however the last three aircraft were donated to Shuttleworth in March 2022, becoming part of the collection proper.

Vehicles in the collection

 * 1898 Panhard et Levassor
 * 1899 Mors Petit Duc
 * 1899 Benz International dogcart
 * 1900 Marot Gardan
 * 1901 Locomobile Steam Car
 * 1901 Arrol-Johnston
 * 1902 Baby Peugeot
 * 1903 Richard-Brasier
 * 1903 De Dietrich
 * 1912 Crossley 15
 * 1912 Wolseley M5
 * 1913 Morris Oxford
 * 1920 Hucks starter
 * 1923 Leyland SG7 bus
 * 1926 Jowett Short-chassis tourer
 * 1931 Austin 16 hp "Burnham"
 * 1935 Austin Seven
 * 1937 Railton
 * 1937 Fiat Topolino
 * 1937 MG TA
 * 1939 Hillman Minx RAF Staff Car
 * 1943 Fordson WOT 2H
 * 1900 Singer Motor Wheel Motorcycle
 * 1904 Aurora  Motorcycle
 * 1921 Scott Squirrel Combination
 * 1923 Triumph SD  Motorcycle
 * 1927 Raleigh 14 Motorcycle
 * 1929 Ariel Motorcycle
 * 1938 Rudge Motorcycle
 * 1940 BSA M20 Motorcycle
 * 1950 Philips Cyclemaster
 * 1952 Brockhouse Corgi Scooter
 * 1955 BSA A7 Motorcycle
 * 1955 New Hudson Motorcycle
 * 1960 Norton ES2 Motorcycle

There is also a collection of tractors.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Shuttleworth Collection


text:
Tommy Suharto

Hutomo Mandala Putra (born 15 July 1962), commonly known as Tommy Suharto, is an Indonesian businessman and politician. The youngest son of Suharto, the second President of Indonesia, he has long had a reputation of nepotism, corruption, and being a playboy. He gained notoriety for orchestrating the assassination of a judge who convicted him of corruption. He was convicted of murder in 2002 and sentenced to 15 years imprisonment, but was paroled in under four years.

Since 2020, he has been involved in a leadership dispute with Muchdi Purwopranjono over control of the Berkarya Party.

Early life
Tommy was born in Jakarta on 15 July 1962, the fifth child of Major-General Suharto and Siti Hartinah, better known as Ibu (Mrs) Tien. His siblings are Siti Hardiyanti Astuti 'Tutut' Rukmana, Sigit Harjojudanto, Bambang Trihatmodjo, Siti 'Titiek' Hediati and Siti Hutami 'Mamiek' Endang Adiningsih.

His middle name comes from the Indonesian military's Mandala Command for the Liberation of West Irian (Komando Mandala Pembebasan Irian Barat), which was formed in January 1962 and led by Major-General Suharto with the aim of removing the Dutch from the territory of Netherlands New Guinea (West Papua). Suharto wrote in his autobiography that Tommy's middle name served as a reminder of the Mandala assignment.

On 27 September 1965, when he was three years old, Tommy suffered injuries from boiling water to his face and body. He had been playing with his younger sister Mamiek in the family's house on Jalan Haji Agus Salim in Central Jakarta when he ran into his mother, who was carrying into the dining room a pot of boiling hot oxtail soup, which washed over Tommy. His mother immediately applied a cod liver salve to his blistered skin. He was rushed to the Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital in nearby Senen neighborhood. For the next three nights, Suharto visited Tommy at the hospital.

The timing of this injury is significant in the context of Indonesian history because on the night of 30 September 1965, an abortive coup attempt was launched by elements of the military, shooting dead six generals at about 4am on 1 October. Before the killings took place, Suharto was still at the hospital. At about midnight, Tien urged Suharto to return home to check on Mamiek, who had been left with a servant. He went home about 12.15am and went to bed and was awoken at about 4.30am by news of the shootings. Tommy and his mother left the hospital on the afternoon of 1 October, accompanied by Suharto's half-brother Probosutedjo and aide-de-camp (ADC) Wahyudi. Tommy and his siblings were then moved to the ADC’s residence in Kebayoran Baru, as it was considered safer.

After completing junior high school in Jakarta, Tommy studied at the Civil Aviation Academy. He then went to the United States to study agriculture but did not complete his studies. He returned to Indonesia to start his business career.

It has often been said that Tommy was the favorite son of the family. Tien’s 1992 authorized biography states, "What sets Tommy apart from his elder brothers Sigit and Bambang, is that he has a more agile disposition. Tommy, who sports a mustache, is never without his RayBan sunglasses. At 28 years of age, he is the splitting [sic] image of his father. Deep in his heart, he cherishes great admiration for his mother."

As a young man, Tommy was known for his fondness for actresses, nightclubs and casinos. Time magazine in 1999 alleged that Tommy loved gambling and thought nothing of losing $1 million in a single sitting.

Business and nepotism
In 1984, at age 22, he founded the Humpuss Group. With $100,000 of seed capital and within 10 weeks of its founding his group had 20 subsidiaries, which later grew to 60.

Oil
In 1985, Tommy acquired a 65% stake in Perta Oil Marketing, a subsidiary of state oil and gas company Pertamina. He and his older brother Bambang Trihatmodjo received commissions of $0.30 to $0.35 a barrel. Perta brought in profits of $1 million per month.

Tommy and Bambang were alleged by a former business associate to have imposed "unofficial markups on oil exports and imports, reaping up to $200 million a year in the 1980s."

Sempati Air
In 1989, Tommy and Suharto associate Bob Hasan bought PT Sempati Air Transport from a military company. In the 1990s, Sempati Air (as it was renamed) flew wealthy Indonesians to a popular gambling resort on Australia's Christmas Island. The resort's main investor, Robby Sumanpow, was the marketing director of Tommy's clove monopoly. Sempati Air folded in 1998 during the financial crisis. When Suharto was charged in 2000 with corruption over the misuse of funds from charitable foundations, the indictment stated that Sempati Air had received Rp 17.91 billion from Dakab foundation, Rp 13.17 billion from Supersemar foundation and Rp 11.168 billion from Dharmais foundation.

Merak Toll Road
In 1989, Tommy formed a consortium, Marga Mandala Sakti (MMS), which lost a bid to his sister Tutut’s company to build Jakarta’s north harbor toll road, the North-South Link. MMS was however awarded the right to extend the Jakarta-Tangerang expressway another 73 km to the busy seaport of Merak. Humpuss constructed the toll road over 1992 to 1996. Tommy’s concession was in 1996 extended by 10 years to 2011. A consortium of foreign investors in late 1996 or early 1997 paid about Rp 425 billion ($181 million) for a majority stake in MMS.

Clove monopoly
In December 1990, Tommy established a clove trading monopoly, the Clove Support and Trading Board (BPPC), despite opposition from clove cigarette manufacturers. Under a Trade Ministry regulation, all local cigarette manufacturers were forced to buy from BPPC, which also controlled clove imports from other countries. A subsequent investigation found that Tommy forced clove farmers to sell at reduced prices and then sold the cloves to the cigarette industry at inflated prices. While Tommy profited, many clove farmers went bankrupt. The monopoly was dismantled in 1998 as part of the International Monetary Fund's package to bail out the Indonesian economy.

In July 2007, Tommy was named a suspect in a 175 billion rupiah corruption case involving BPPC. Then-attorney general Hendarman Supandji said Tommy misused loan money given to the agency to buy cloves from farmers. Tommy denied wrongdoing. In 2008, the Attorney General's Office dropped the case on the grounds that Tommy had repaid the money.

Golden Key scandal
In the early 1990s, Tommy acquired shares in one of three petrochemical plants proposed by Golden Key, a Jakarta-based company headed by businessman Eddy Tansil. The state-owned Bank Pembangunan Indonesia (Bapindo) was pressured to provide 16 loans totalling $430 million to Tansil to build the plants, even though he had no experience in petrochemicals and provided no collateral. Bapindo did not check his creditworthiness. The plants were never built and Bapindo was left with bad loans. According to a June 1994 article by the Far Eastern Economic Review, Tommy was the alleged go-between, who introduced Tansil to Bapindo officials. Before the scandal broke in 1994, Tommy had the previous year sold his shares back to other owners of the company. Tommy was not summoned as a witness at the trial of Tansil, who was in August 1994 sentenced to 17 years in jail and then "escaped" in 1996 and left Indonesia. The fact that Tommy had been a co-owner of the company when it obtained the loans and then sold his stake after part of the loans had been drawn upon in cash was not mentioned during the trials of Tansil and Bapindo officials.

Lamborghini
In 1994, Tommy's Bermuda-registered company Megatech, which is co-owned by Malaysian firm Mycom Setdco, purchased Italian sports car maker Lamborghini from Chrysler Corp. for $40 million. Megatech sold Lamborghini to Audi AG for $110 million during Indonesia's 1998 financial crisis.

Timor National Car

In February 1996, president Suharto announced Indonesia's "National Car" policy, in which a company intending to produce a national car would be exempted from duties and luxury tax, and tariffs on imported spare parts. The only company allowed to benefit from the policy was Tommy's newly created PT Timor Putra Nasional. Japan, the US and the European Union complained to the World Trade Organization that Indonesia had violated WTO rules on equal treatment. Tommy was allowed to import 45,000 fully built Kia cars from South Korea and rebadged them as Timor cars.

In July 1997, state and private banks were encouraged by the government to provide a $650 million loan to Tommy to build a national car factory. On 23 September 1997, in response to the Asian Financial Crisis, Finance Minister Mar’ie Muhammad halted fifteen "mega" projects, but the Timor national car was absent from the list, prompting claims it was "untouchable". In January 1998, Suharto ended the Timor's tax breaks in line with reforms imposed by the IMF. Timor showrooms were subsequently targeted in the 13–15 May 1998 riots that precipitated Suharto's resignation.

The debts of PT Timor Putra Nasional (TPN) held by the Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency amounted to Rp4.2 trillion. Tommy's Humpuss Group allegedly sponsored a company named PT Vista Bella to buy back TPN's debts on 30 April 2003 for Rp 512 billion, although under the sale agreement, the purchaser cannot be affiliated with the original owner.

The Finance Ministry and state-owned Bank Mandiri in January 2005 froze a TPN account containing some Rp 1.3 trillion as collateral against the Rp 4.2 trillion that Timor owed to Bank Mandiri. Tommy responded by suing Mandiri and the Finance Ministry. In November 2006, South Jakarta District Court ruled Timor the rightful owner of the Rp 1.3 trillion in the Bank Mandiri account. In November 2007, Jakarta High Court annulled the lower court's ruling. On 28 August 2008, Indonesian Finance Minister Sri Mulyani Indrawati stated that Bank Mandiri had been directed to transfer Rp1.23 trillion (US$134 million) of funds owned by TPN to a government account.

Tommy appealed twice to the Supreme Court, which on 13 December 2017 rejected his second appeal. The judgment was not sent to the court until 4 July 2018 and was not reported by the Indonesian media until January 2020, when the government announced it was entitled to the frozen funds.

Previously, the Finance Ministry had filed a graft case alleging Tommy illegally sold assets from Timor to five of his companies. Tommy responded by filing a US$21.8 million countersuit against the ministry. He won a separate US$61 million civil corruption case in February 2008, receiving US$550,000 in a countersuit.

Bali land scandal
In 1996, Tommy's company PT Pecatu Graha forced villagers off their land in Bali to build a 650-hectare resort. The evictions were backed by military personnel and police using tear gas. Landowners were offered compensation of 2.5 million rupiah per 100 square meters when the market price was 20 million to 30 million rupiah per 100 square meters. Time reported that residents who refused to sell their land were intimidated, beaten and sometimes immersed in neck-deep water, and two received six months jail time.

Explosives companies
PT Bina Reksa Perdana, in which Tommy was a majority shareholder, in the 1990s received a monopoly on the export of explosives made by state-owned explosives company PT Dahana. In partnership with Singapore's Chartered Oiltech Services, the company developed an explosives factory in Tasikmalaya, West Java, to make commercial explosives for export to countries such as Myanmar, Iraq, India and Australia.

Under Presidential Decree No. 86/1994 and Presidential Decree No. 14/1997, only two companies, PT Multi Nitroma Kimia and PT Tridaya Esta, were allowed to sell Dahana’s explosives for commercial use. The two companies were linked to Tommy and his brother Bambang Trihatmodjo.

1997–1998 financial crisis and debt
After the 1997–1998 Asian financial crisis, the Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (IBRA) stated that Humpuss Group was the third largest debtor of irrecoverable loans from domestic banks, mostly from state banks, with a total debt of Rp 5.7 trillion in 2001. This was 2.5 times Humpuss Group’s annual sales in 1996. Of the total irrecoverable debt, more than half had been borrowed by PT Timor Putra Nasional. The debt was partly repaid to IBRA in assets, and some was later settled through debt restructuring schemes and debt-to-equity swaps.

Mangkuluhur City
In 2014, construction commenced of Mangkuluhur City, which Tommy is developing with businessman Harry Gunawan. The project comprises four skyscrapers and a high-rise building on Jalan Jenderal Gatot Subroto in Jakarta, Indonesia. The tallest of the towers will be 80 stories. Two of the towers are for office space, while the other two are for residential and serviced apartments. The existing Crowne Plaza hotel is part of the development. A Regent Hotel is also being developed at the site and was scheduled to open at the end of 2020 with nightly rates starting from Rp 3.5 million.

Wealth
Time magazine in 1999 put Tommy's wealth at $800 million. In 2016, Tommy was listed 56th on GlobeAsia magazine's list of 150 richest Indonesians, with wealth of $655 million.

In September 2016, Tommy joined the government's tax amnesty program, in which tax cheats were rewarded with a tax rate of just 2–4% on assets previously hidden from authorities. Tommy declined to reveal how much tax he paid or the amount of assets he declared, but noted that most of them are abroad.

Criminal convictions
Tommy faced criminal and civil trials after the fall of Suharto in 1998.

In April 1999, Tommy and his business partner Ricardo Gelael went on trial over an $11 million land scam. They were acquitted in October 1999 by South Jakarta District Court. In September 2000, a panel of three Supreme Court judges, led by Syafiuddin Kartasasmita, overturned the ruling and sentenced Tommy and Gelael each to 18 months in jail for corruption. Tommy refused to go to jail and went into hiding. Kartasasmita's wife later alleged her husband had refused a $20,000 bribe from Tommy.

The Supreme Court overturned Tommy's corruption conviction in October 2001, in a move that was viewed as part of a deal to make him come out of hiding. The Jakarta Post newspaper noted the ruling "destroyed what little credibility was left on what is supposed to be the last bastion of justice in this country".

In 2002, Tommy was convicted of masterminding the July 2001 assassination of Kartasasmita. He was sentenced to 15 years jail on charges of murder, weapons possession and evading justice. The court had found that Tommy paid 100 million rupiah to the two assailants that had killed Kartasasmita in a drive-by shooting. Tommy was also convicted for trying to flee justice from November 2000 after attempts to have his corruption conviction overturned or pardoned failed. While a life sentence or a death sentence was available to the judges, prosecutors sought 15 years. Tommy rarely showed up for his trial, claiming to be ill, and was absent when his verdict was announced. Instead, his paid supporters were present outside the court.

He served the first three weeks of his sentence in the Block H luxury wing of Cipinang jail, Jatinegara, East Jakarta, before being transferred to Nusa Kambangan Island prison off the southern coast of Central Java. His luxury 8 x 3 meter cell was carpeted and contained a sofa, a sideboard, a television, a refrigerator, cooking utensils, an air-conditioner, a water purifier, a laptop computer, and two mobile phones. He was often allowed to travel to Jakarta on the grounds of medical parole and was seen at an exclusive golf course. In April 2006 he was transferred back to Cipinang. His sentence was reduced to 10 years on appeal, and he was given conditional release on 30 October 2006. He spent a total of four years in detainment. Critics said Tommy was released solely because of his wealth and his family's enduring power.

Jakarta explosions
From late 1999 to September 2000, Jakarta was hit by a series of bombings, which were linked by some officials to efforts to prosecute members of the Suharto family, including Tommy, for corruption.

On 4 July 2000, Tommy was questioned at the Attorney General's Office as a witness in his father’s corruption case. One hour after he left, a bomb exploded at the rear of the Special Crimes Building (Roundhouse). Another bomb, which bore a military code, was found in a private bathroom on the second floor of the building and defused. Police questioned Tommy’s personal bodyguards over the bomb.

On 14 September 2000, a day before Suharto's corruption trial was to resume, a bomb exploded in the basement carpark of the Jakarta Stock Exchange, killing 15 people. The type of explosive used suggested military involvement. President Abdurrahman Wahid said the bombing was linked to his efforts to prosecute members of the Suharto family and that Tommy and his friend Habib Ali Baagil of the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) might be involved. He ordered National Police chief Rusdihardjo to arrest Tommy and Habib for questioning. Rusdihardjo refused, prompting Wahid to complain he could not get sufficient cooperation from the police and the military to obtain evidence to secure arrests. Police later said two soldiers, including one from the Army’s Special Forces (Kopassus), had planted the bomb. Defense Minister Mahfud MD said Suharto's corruption trial should be canceled to prevent further violence. "If we keep meddling with this matter ... we will continue to be harassed … more terror will keep coming," he said.

2001 bomb plot
Tommy on 14 January 2001 gave three bombs to his friend Elize Maria Tuwahatu at a meeting on Jalan Cilacap in Menteng, Central Jakarta, according to a statement by National Police spokesman Brigadier General Saleh Saaf on 23 January 2001. One day after receiving the bombs, Elize visited celebrity paranormal Ki Joko Bodo (real name: Agung Yulianto) and requested his assistance in a plot to bomb the Attorney General’s Office, the Trade and Industry Ministry and the Directorate General of Taxation. Elize asked Joko to help plant and detonate the bombs, promising an initial payment of Rp 10 million, and a bonus of Rp 1 billion if the bombs killed Attorney General Marzuki Darusman and Trade and Industry Minister Luhut Pandjaitan. The Tax Directorate General bombing was only to be a form of shock therapy.

Joko Bodo pretended to go along with the plot but instead called police and Elize was arrested in a sting on 19 January near the Soldiers Museum at Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (a theme park founded by Tommy’s mother) in East Jakarta in possession of the bombs. She confessed that Tommy had given her the bombs and shown her how to detonate them. Saleh Saaf said that since 1997, Elize had received Rp 150 million per year from Tommy. He also said Tommy had given her a blue Timor car. Her house on Jalan Suwiryo in Menteng was also reported to be a gift from Tommy.

Elize’s confession that Tommy gave her the bombs was later withdrawn by her lawyer, Masiga Bugis, who claimed her client was suffering mental problems. Elize was detained at Pondok Bambu women’s jail and went on trial at East Jakarta District Court in April 2001 for possession of explosives. The six-page prosecution indictment stated Tommy had ordered the bombings. Outside the trial, Elize said she had apologized to the "Cendana family" because Tommy was experiencing difficulties. She testified that the person who gave her the bombs looked like Tommy but she could not be sure it was him because it was dark. On 30 July 2001, Elize was sentenced to 10 years in jail, while Tommy remained at-large.

On 6 August 2001, police seized guns, grenades, explosives and ammunition at two Jakarta residences rented by Tommy: a unit in Cemara Apartment and a house in Pondok Indah.

Garuda lawsuit
In May 2011, Tommy won a lawsuit against Garuda Indonesia for Rp 12.51 billion ($1.46 million) in damages. The case concerned a sponsored article titled "A New Destination to Enjoy in Bali" in the December 2009 issue of Garuda's in-flight magazine. The feature was supposed to be promoting Tommy's Pecatu resort, but a footnote at the end of the article, added by the translator, mentioned Tommy was a convicted murderer. Presiding Judge Tahsin said the article had ruined Tommy’s reputation "as a national and international businessman". He said Tommy's past should not have been mentioned because he had completed his prison term.

Rolls-Royce bribery case
In 2012, former Rolls-Royce employee Dick Taylor alleged the company gave a $20 million bribe and a blue Rolls–Royce car to Tommy in the early 1990s for his help in persuading Garuda Indonesia to buy Rolls’ Trent 700 engine for Airbus A330 aircraft. Tommy's lawyers in 2013 issued a statement denying their client had ever accepted any money or a car, or that he had recommended Rolls-Royce engines to Garuda.

Britain's Serious Fraud Office (SFO) in 2017 entered into a Deferred Prosecution Agreement (DPA) with Rolls-Royce over the bribery and corruption scandal. Rolls-Royce was required to pay a total of £671 million for its criminal conduct in deals that covered Indonesia, Thailand, India, Russia, Nigeria, China and Malaysia. A summary by the SFO stated that bribes were paid by Rolls-Royce to two Indonesian intermediaries.

In October 2017, Tommy's lawyer Erwin Kallo reiterated the denial of Tommy's involvement in the case. He expressed concern that conventional media had been duped by fake news without checking sources. In particular, he singled out Wikipedia Indonesia for linking Tommy to the Rolls-Royce case even after the denials.

Toll road compensation lawsuit
In February 2021, the South Jakarta District Court heard a case in which Tommy sought compensation of Rp 90 billion from the state, a toll road company and a construction company over what his lawyers argued was inadequate compensation for an approximately 1,000 square meter office block acquired in 2017 to make way for the Depok–Antasari Toll Road.

Political career
Tommy, Tutut and Bambang joined Golkar, Suharto's political party, and in 1992 were installed as members of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). Following Suharto's May 1998 resignation, Golkar announced in July it had recalled Tommy, Tutut and Bambang from the MPR. Golkar officials in 2008 said they would not object to Suharto's children rejoining the party's board, provided they were not involved in any outstanding legal cases.

In 2009, Tommy sought to become Golkar chairman at the party's congress held in Riau province. His campaign associate Saurip Kadi said Tommy would provide Rp 50 billion (then equivalent to about $5 million) to each Golkar regional chapter if elected. However, businessman Aburizal Bakrie promised a fund of Rp 1 trillion and was elected chairman.

In May 2016, Tommy announced he would again run for the chairmanship of the Golkar, but he did not register for the race. In the same month, Tommy was named as a member of Golkar's Supervisory Board.

In 2016, Tommy formed the Berkarya Party, a merger of Beringin Karya Party and Nasional Republik Party.

In March 2017, Berkarya and another small party, Swara Rakyat Indonesia (Parsindo), announced they were supporting Tommy to run for the presidency in 2019. In May 2017, Tommy said he was saddened by the present condition of Indonesia because corruption is thriving in parliament. In October 2017, his lawyer denied Tommy was planning to run for office in 2019, saying fake accounts on social media were falsely claiming he had been endorsed by mass organizations. On 11 March 2018, Tommy was named chairman of Berkarya Party. Tommy said it was a coincidence that 11 March was also the date former president Sukarno signed the Supersemar document in 1966 giving Suharto political powers prior to him becoming President.

2019 Indonesian general election
In July 2018, Berkarya Party announced Tommy would be standing in the April 2019 general election as a candidate for the national legislature, representing Papua province. Berkarya secretary general Priyo Budi Santoso said Tommy chose Papua because he is fond of "the little people and marginalized areas".

In the opinion of Ed Davies and Agustinus Beo Costa, writing for Reuters, he sought to appeal to nostalgia about the unity and security of his father's government.

Tommy criticised President Joko Widodo's infrastructure development policy, saying it had caused Indonesia's foreign debt to rise to $340 billion, compared to $54 billion when Suharto was president.

Under Indonesian law, former prisoners who were sentenced to five years or more in jail cannot run for President, however, in 2018, Tommy said "There is not a single witness who testified against me in the trial. The verdict was indeed very harsh. I have served my term. According to the law, I now have the same rights as anyone else."

After obtaining 2.09% of votes and losing the 2019 general election, the party filed 35 appeals to the Constitutional Court. All were either revoked or rejected.

Social media accounts complaint
In September 2020, Tommy's lawyer Azim Marekhan, filed a complaint to Jakarta Police regarding fake social media accounts in his client's name. He denied that Tommy has a Facebook, Twitter or Instagram account, and demanded the fake accounts be removed. He also said a YouTube account that pitted Tommy's "Cendana family" against President Joko Widodo had nothing to do with Tommy.

Motorsport
Tommy had a motorsport career in various disciplines. In late 1989 he purchased a former Tom Walkinshaw Racing built Holden Commodore VL. He competed in Rally Indonesia in 1997 against World Rally Championship's top drivers. He also funded the development of Sentul International Circuit. Tommy was chairman of the Indonesian Motoring Association (Ikatan Motor Indonesia, IMI) from 1991–1995. After being released from prison in 2006, Tommy returned to motor racing by competing in the SS-12 National Championship Rally, held in Pecatu, Bali. Tommy drove a Subaru Impreza WRX, which he rolled at a corner, putting him out of the race. He was on IMI's Board of Advisers for the 2016–2020 period. His son, Darma Mangkuluhur Hutomo, is also a race car driver and serves as social and environmental director of IMI for the 2021-24 period.

Personal life
In the early 1990s, Tommy was in a relationship with singer Maya Rumantir and there was speculation they would be married. Tommy’s mother reportedly objected to the relationship because Maya is a Christian of Chinese-Manado heritage, whereas Tommy is a Javanese Muslim, so his parents preferred him to marry someone of Javanese royal lineage. In 2001, police questioned Maya during their search for Tommy when he was a fugitive. She denied hiding him. Tommy was also romantically linked to actress Nia Zulkarnaen, but Tommy's parents reportedly disapproved of the relationship.

On 28 April 1996, Tommy's mother died after a heart attack following a family dinner. Jakarta’s rumor mill speculated that Tommy and his brother Bambang had been arguing over the national car policy, and one of them fired a shot that hit their mother. The persistent rumor was denied by former National Police chief Sutanto (a presidential aide in 1996) in the 2011 book Pak Harto The Untold Stories. Bambang also dismissed the rumor as "communist slander".

At the age of 34, Tommy married 22-year-old Ardhia Pramesti Regita Cahyani, better known as 'Tata', on 30 April 1997 at At-Tin Mosque at Taman Mini recreation park. Tata is from royal lineage of Mangkunegaran principality of Surakarta. They have two children: Dharma Mangkuluhur and Radhyana Gayanti Hutami. On 15 May 2006, Tata filed for divorce and moved to Singapore. They were divorced in September 2006. In 2017, one of Tommy's lawyers, Salim Muhammad, said that prior to going to jail, Tommy had given Tata 100 billion rupiah to look after their two children. He claimed the money disappeared with Tata without a trace, without Tommy's knowledge.

While on the run from the law in 2001, Tommy spent some of his time living with former model Lani Banjaranti. Lani in 2003 announced she had a 13-month-old son, Syalif Putrawan, fathered by Tommy.

When Tommy was jailed on Nusa Kambangan prison for murder, he received overnight visits from his girlfriend Sandy Harun. She later gave birth to a daughter fathered by Tommy, Marimbi Djodi Putri.

In 2009, Tommy was romantically linked to model Catherine Wilson, after she was invited to one of his resorts in Bali.

title: Tommy Suharto


text:
User talk:Andy Bugay

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

I'm sorry, Wikipedia is a "No Andy Bugays" club.

Although... wait, hold on.

Oops, it's "no Andy Bugays". We're allowed one. And that's you! DS 01:05, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Sausage Race
Just a quick note to say thanks for your recent cleanup on the Sausage Race page. It's great to see you putting sections in and moving stuff around -- I think a lot of Wikipedia pages could stand better organization. Keep up the good work! -Phoenixrod 02:37, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

just wondering
did you get called names at school if so can you list them please thanks in advance wikifriend Puchu 09:51, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Andy Bugay


text:
1990 ICC Trophy

The 1990 ICC Trophy was a limited-overs cricket tournament held in the Netherlands between 4 June and 23 June 1990. It was the fourth ICC Trophy tournament to be staged, and the first to be held outside England. It was also the first ICC Trophy competition to have a title sponsor, being known officially as the Unibind ICC Trophy. As in previous Trophies, matches were played over 60 overs a side and with white clothing and red balls.

Zimbabwe won the competition for the third successive time, beating the Netherlands in the final for the second time, and also winning every game they played in the tournament. The tournament served as the Cricket World Cup qualification process – as winners, Zimbabwe qualified for the 1992 World Cup. Shortly after the Trophy had been staged, Zimbabwe were in any case promoted to Full Member status of the ICC.

Teams and squads
Seventeen teams contested the tournament. All nineteen associate members of the International Cricket Council (ICC) at the time were eligible to compete at the tournament, with Japan and West Africa the only ones not to send a team.

 * 🇦🇷 argentina
 * undefined
 * undefined
 * 🇨🇦 canada
 * undefined
 * undefined

 * 🇬🇮 gibraltar
 * undefined
 * 🇭🇰 hong kong
 * 🇮🇱 israel
 * 🇰🇪 kenya
 * 🇲🇾 malaysia

 * undefined
 * 🇵🇬 papua new guinea
 * undefined
 * 🇺🇸 united states
 * undefined

Teams

 * Group A: Canada, Malaysia, Singapore, Zimbabwe
 * Group B: Bangladesh, Bermuda, Fiji, Kenya
 * Group C: Denmark, East and Central Africa, Gibraltar, USA
 * Group D: Argentina, Hong Kong, Israel, Netherlands, Papua New Guinea

Summary of results

 * Note: the winning team is always given first. Italics indicate the side winning the toss.

Group A

 * Canada (118/2) beat Singapore (108ao: MJ Prashad 4–21) by eight wickets.
 * Zimbabwe (81/1: A Flower 56*) beat Malaysia (80ao: AJ Traicos 4–10) by nine wickets.
 * Canada (153/2: P Prashad 52*) beat Malaysia (148ao: A Stevens 56; BB Seebaran 4–34) by eight wickets.
 * Zimbabwe (109/0: GW Flower 53*, GA Paterson 52*) beat Singapore (108ao: Jarvis 4–21) by ten wickets.
 * Zimbabwe (215ao: GW Flower 70) beat Canada (147ao) by 68 runs.
 * Singapore (151/6: B Balakrishnan 55*) beat Malaysia (147ao) by four wickets.

Group B

 * Bangladesh (190/7) beat Kenya (189/9) by three wickets.
 * Fiji (206/9: VSJ Campbell 55) beat Bermuda (148ao) by 58 runs.
 * Bangladesh (175ao) beat Bermuda (139ao) by 36 runs.
 * Kenya (169/6) beat Fiji (168/8: CAC Browne 66*) by two wickets. (50 overs a side)
 * Bangladesh (193/7) beat Fiji (189ao) by three wickets.
 * Bermuda (280ao: W Smith 57, T Smith 54) beat Kenya (214/9) by 66 runs.

Group C

 * USA (198/7: ZA Amin 53) beat Gibraltar (103ao: KR Khan 4–11, ZA Amin 4–29) by 95 runs. (50 overs a side)
 * Denmark (197/9: S Mikkelsen 54*) beat East and Central Africa (94ao: OH Mortensen 4–30) by 103 runs.
 * Denmark (129/3) beat Gibraltar (128ao: OH Mortensen 4–27) by seven wickets.
 * No result between USA (404/9: E Peart 101, H Blackman 100; FM Sarigat 4–76) and East and Central Africa (44/2).
 * Replay of above game: USA (186/5: H Blackman 63; BR Bouri 4–44) beat East and Central Africa (184ao: R Benjamin 5–27) by five wickets.
 * Gibraltar (124/3) beat East and Central Africa (123ao: H Patadia 55; R Brooks 4–18) by seven wickets.
 * USA (224/8: E Peart 59; N Bindslev 4–53) beat Denmark (212ao: JS Jensen 57) by 12 runs.

Group D

 * Papua New Guinea (265/7: T Ao 88, T Raka 59*) beat Argentina (98o) by 167 runs.
 * Netherlands (402/4: R Gomes 169*, NE Clarke 154) beat Israel (64ao: SW Lubbers 4–13) by 338 runs.
 * Israel (129/9) beat Argentina (127ao: A Moss 5–27) by one wicket.
 * Netherlands (184/3: NE Clarke 116*) beat Hong Kong (178/7) by seven wickets.
 * Papua New Guinea (220/7: R Ila 56, C Amini 50) beat Hong Kong (184ao: DA Jones 71; K Loi 5–34) by 36 runs.
 * Netherlands (302/7: RP Lefebvre 109*, NE Clarke 61) beat Argentina (79ao) by 223 runs.
 * Hong Kong (230/9: NP Stearns 57; AG Morris 4–38) beat Argentina (164ao: GWA Ferguson 57; D Paull 5–27, S Tariq 4–34) by 63 runs.
 * Papua New Guinea (190ao: T Ao 59) beat Israel (133/9) by 57 runs. (50 overs a side)
 * Hong Kong (323/4: J Marsden 150, MN Sabine 60*, SN Krishna Kumar 58) beat Israel (179ao: DN Brettell 4–53) by 144 runs.
 * Netherlands (237ao: TBM de Leede 50) beat Papua New Guinea (77ao) by 160 runs.

First round group tables
Teams highlighted in yellow qualified for the second round.

Teams

 * Group A: Kenya, Papua New Guinea, USA, Zimbabwe
 * Group B: Bangladesh, Canada, Denmark, Netherlands

Group A
Zimbabwe continued their winning ways with three victories to top the table. They started with a straightforward nine-wicket victory over Papua New Guinea: the Papuans, having won the toss and decided to bat, fell to 44/4 before recovering a little to post 133ao, but it was never likely to be enough and so it proved as the Zimbabweans reached 134/1 thanks to Andy Flower's 80*. In the next match, having put the USA in to bat, 5–22 from Eddo Brandes kept the Americans down to 131ao, with Zimbabwe then strolling to 132/3 (Grant Flower 52*) and a seven-wicket win. Finally Zimbabwe were inserted by Kenya but compiled 259/9 (AH Omarshah 69), tight bowling keeping their opponents down to 126/6, 133 runs adrift.

Kenya were the other qualifiers for the semi-finals, on run rate. They restricted the USA to 162ao after the Americans had chosen to bat, then an unbeaten 79 from Maurice Odumbe guided them to 163/4 and victory by six wickets. Next, however, Papua New Guinea, winning the toss and batting, posted 230ao thanks to 55 by Amini and no less than 54 extras; this profligacy with the ball cost them the game as they fell to 193ao (MO Odumbe 64) and a 37-run defeat. Finally in Group A, the USA chose to bat first against the Papuans, and their choice was vindicated as their shaky-looking 190ao (KR Khan 52) turned out to be more than sufficient, E Daley claiming 4–35 as the United States recorded a 67-run triumph.

Group B
The Netherlands won Group B on the basis of better run rate than Bangladesh's, despite losing their first match to Canada by 21 runs. Having put Canada in, Eric Dulfer's 5–38 was overshadowed by D Singh's 64 as the North Americans recovered from 79/6 to put up 199ao; the Dutch could manage only 178/8 from their 60 overs. The Netherlands made amends by annihilating Bangladesh by 161 runs in their next game, choosing to bat first and posting 309/7 (NE Clarke 83, RP Lefebvre 75) despite having been 27/2 at one stage, before running through the entire Bangladeshi order for 148; then winning an all-European affair with Denmark. Again winning the toss and batting, the Dutch team were restricted to a moderate 176ao (GJAF Aponso 54; SRM Sorensen 4–43) but ended up winning by 54 runs having bowled out the Danes for 122.

Bangladesh were the final side through to the semis. Asked to field first by Denmark, A From-Hansen made 57 and JS Jensen 50 out of the Danes' 233/9, but Nurul Abedin (85) and Akram Khan (50) were the Asians' heroes as they reached 235/7 with just two balls to spare. The Bangladeshis enjoyed a far more comfortable 117-run win against Canada in their other game: inserted by the Canadians, Bangladesh produced a total of 265/6 (Nurul Abedin 105, Faruk Ahmed 56) before dismissing their opponents for 148, only opener Ingleton Liburd (60) showing fight for Canada. Finally, Denmark's decision to ask Canada to bat first proved correct as the Canadians were bowled out for 142, Denmark cruising to 143/4 for a six-wicket victory.

Second round group tables
Teams highlighted in yellow qualified for the semi-finals.

Teams

 * Group G: Bermuda, Gibraltar, Israel, Singapore
 * Group H: Argentina, East and Central Africa, Fiji, Hong Kong, Malaysia

Summary of results

 * Note: the winning team is always given first. Italics indicate the side winning the toss.

Group G

 * Singapore (112/3) beat Israel (111ao) by seven wickets.
 * Bermuda (320/9: R Hill 100, AC Douglas 63*; R Brooks 4–42) beat Gibraltar (140ao: S Chinnappa 53) by 180 runs.
 * Gibraltar (146/4: S Chinnappa 51*) beat Singapore (144ao: B Balakrishnan 60; A Raikes 4–30) by six wickets.
 * Bermuda (291/7: NA Gibbons 68) beat Singapore (83ao: R Leverock 4–14) by 208 runs.
 * Gibraltar (270/5: C Robinson 79*) beat Israel (269/9: H Awasker 66, S Erulkar 54) by five wickets.
 * Bermuda (85/3: AL Manders 52*) beat Israel (84ao: G Brangman 4–9) by seven wickets.

Group H

 * Fiji (288/8: J Sorovakatini 63, CAC Browne 52) beat Argentina (220ao: MD Morris 61) by 68 runs.
 * East and Central Africa (180/8) beat Malaysia (131ao: BR Bouri 3–15 inc hat-trick) by 49 runs. (50 overs a side)
 * Argentina (188/7: ME Ryan 76*) beat East and Central Africa (184ao) by three wickets.
 * Hong Kong (169/7) beat Malaysia (168ao: S Bell 61) by three wickets.
 * Malaysia (246/9: A Stevens 102, M Saat Jalil 53) beat Argentina (91ao: MA Muniandy 4–17) by 155 runs.
 * Fiji (185/4: CAC Browne 65, J Sorovakatini 57) beat Hong Kong (182ao: ND Maxwell 4–30) by six wickets.
 * Hong Kong (204/7) beat East and Central Africa (203ao: S Tariq 4–46) by three wickets.
 * Fiji (147/2: ND Maxwell 84) beat Malaysia (146ao) by eight wickets.
 * Fiji (214/9) beat East and Central Africa (119ao) by 95 runs. (50 overs a side)

Most runs
The top five run scorers (total runs) are included in this table, ordered by runs, then by batting average, and then alphabetically.

Source: CricketArchive

Most wickets
The top five wicket takers are listed in this table, listed by wickets taken and then by bowling average.

Source: CricketArchive

title: 1990 ICC Trophy


text:
USAir Flight 5050

USAir Flight 5050 was a passenger flight that crashed on takeoff from LaGuardia Airport in Queens, New York. As the plane took off from LaGuardia's runway 31, the plane drifted to the left. After hearing a loud bang, the pilots attempted to reject the takeoff, but were unable to stop the plane short of the end of the runway. The plane continued past the end of the runway and plunged into Bowery Bay. Two passengers were killed.

Aircraft and flight information
On September 20, 1989, Flight 5050 was an unscheduled flight operated by USAir to replace the regularly scheduled but cancelled Flight 1846, from LaGuardia Airport to Charlotte Douglas International Airport in North Carolina. The flight was operated using a Boeing 737-400 narrow-body jet airliner (registration number N416US). The aircraft was originally delivered to Piedmont Airlines on December 23, 1988, and was inherited by USAir when it acquired Piedmont in 1989. On the date of the accident, the aircraft had accrued 2,235 flight hours, and was painted in a Piedmont-USAir transition livery.

Flight crew
Flight 5050's captain was Michael Martin, 36, who began his career as a C-130 pilot for the United States Air Force; Martin continued to hold the rank of Major in the Air Force Reserve at the time of the accident. Martin was hired by USAir subsidiary Piedmont Airlines in 1984 and worked as a Boeing 727 flight engineer for a year before transitioning to the Boeing 737. Martin's training as airline captain was interrupted twice, once due to a USAF Reserve deployment and once due to personal illness. Martin had accumulated a total of 2,625 flight hours in the Boeing 737, including 140 hours as a Boeing 737-400 captain.

Constantine Kleissas, 29, who served as Flight 5050's first officer, had been hired by Piedmont three months before the accident. Flight 5050 was his first takeoff in a 737 without supervision by a flight instructor.

Neither pilot had formal training in cockpit resource management. The captain did not discuss emergency procedures such as rejected takeoffs with the first officer before the departure, despite the presence of weather conditions that included darkness, low visibility, and a wet runway.

Accident sequence

Flight 5050 was cleared for a departure from LaGuardia Airport's runway 31, a 7,000 ft runway which ends with an elevated deck overhanging Bowery Bay.

As the first officer began the takeoff on runway 31, the airplane started to drift to the left. The captain attempted to correct that drift with the use of the nosewheel tiller. Moments later, they heard a "bang" and then a rumbling noise. The bang was most likely due to air escaping from the left nose tire as it was pulled off its wheel, damaged by the captain's improper use of the nosewheel steering tiller. The captain took over control from the first officer and aborted the takeoff, but he was unable to stop the plane before it ran off the end of the runway into Bowery Bay.

The airplane collided with a wooden approach lighting stanchion as it went off the end of the overrun. The fuselage broke into three sections, with the forward section resting on part of the elevated light stanchion and the aft section partially submerged. All of the fuselage fractures were due to overstress.

Evacuation
All the exits except the L1 door and L2 door were used for evacuation. Senior flight attendant Wayne Reed could not open the L1 door. The L2 door was opened and then closed by Kelly Donovan when water entered the cabin. Flight attendant Susan Harelson deployed the evacuation slide at R1; the R2 slide was disarmed before the door was opened because flight attendant Jolynn Galmish believed that the slide would float upward and block the exit. All four of the overwing exits were used to evacuate successfully.

"About 20 passengers stood on the left wing, which was out of the water. Someone unstowed the fabric ditching line from above a left overwing exit and tied it to its wing fitting. These 20 passengers, including the woman with the 5 year old child and the 8-month old infant, held onto the line as they awaited rescue. The ditching line was unstowed from its right overwing exit opening but evacuees did not know it needed to be tied to the right wing fitting. The forward portion of the right wing was out of the water and passengers held onto the ditching line so they could stay out of the water."

"Passengers who egressed at the two floor-level exits entered the water and because of the one-knot current some persons drifted away from the airplane and under the runway deck. Crewmembers threw flotation seat cushions and crew life preservers, which were held by passengers and crewmembers, some of whom could not swim. Several persons complained that they could not hold onto the cushions or that the cushions did not keep them afloat. Some clung to pilings under the deck and floating debris. Some passengers also swallowed fuel that was on the water surface. Several complained that waves from boats and downwash from a rescue helicopter hampered staying afloat with their heads out of the water. One passenger said that she sustained a fractured right ankle and a lacerated hand when a rescue boat backed over her."

The last passengers, who were trapped in seats 21F and 22A, were extricated approximately 90 minutes after the accident.

Two of the 57 passengers were killed. Fifteen other passengers were injured, one critically.

Accident analysis
The NTSB found numerous "crew coordination problems" during its investigation, which had a bearing on the ultimate outcome of Flight 5050:

 * The captain's failure to provide an extended briefing, or an emergency briefing, before the takeoffs at BWI and LGA or at any time during the 9 hours the crewmembers spent together before the accident.
 * The decision of the captain to execute the takeoff at LGA with autobrakes disengaged, on a wet and short runway, contrary to company and manufacturer recommendations.
 * The failure of the crew to detect the improper rudder trim setting in response to the checklists.
 * The failure of the crew to detect the improper rudder trim setting by means of rudder pedal displacement, information during taxiing and holding for takeoff.
 * The failure of the aircraft to hold at taxiway GOLF GOLF during taxiing as directed by ATC (this error, although an obvious violation, had no effect on the accident sequence).
 * The failure of the first officer to push the correct button to engage the autothrottles at the beginning of the takeoff roll. He then manually advanced the throttles; the resultant delay and the slightly low thrust set on the left engine lengthened the airplane's ground roll and added to the directional control problem.
 * The failure of the captain, during the takeoff roll, to take control of the aircraft and transfer control back to the first officer in a smooth and professional manner, with the result of confusion as to who was in control. Because of poor communication between the pilots, both attempted to 'maintain directional control initially and neither was fully in control later in the takeoff, compounding directional control difficulties.
 * The failure of the captain to make speed call outs and to consult airspeed before initiating an abort. Computed V1 speed was 125 kn and action by the captain to reject the takeoff began at 130 kn.
 * The failure of the captain to announce the abort decision in standard terminology, with the result of confusion by the first officer as to what action was being taken.
 * The failure of the captain to execute the abort procedure in a rapid and aggressive manner. After initiating the RTO, the captain used differential braking to steer the airplane. This delayed the attainment of effective braking until 5½ seconds after the takeoff was rejected. Braking during the RTO was less than the maximum braking achievable on the wet runway; the airplane could have been stopped on the runway.

Rudder trim issue
Analysis of the digital flight data recorder revealed that the rudder trim had moved to the far left limit, while the plane was parked at the gate. Since power to the DFDR was off, while parked at the gate, the NTSB could not determine what caused the rudder trim to move to that extreme limit. It was speculated that someone was sitting in the jumpseat (which is located directly behind the control pedestal) had rested their feet on it and inadvertently toggled the trim knob. This knob used to have a raised flat and straight portion protruding from it. Subsequent to this event, all 737s were retrofitted with a rounded rudder trim knob – and a higher ridge around the aft section of the pedestal in an effort to prevent a similar occurrence. That mistrim of the rudder should have been discovered when the Before Takeoff checklist was read, but the pilots failed to ensure the rudder was in the zero trim (neutral) position at that time. The captain also failed to detect that the rudder pedals were unequally displaced by 4.25 in and the nosewheel steering was turned to 4 degrees left, during the taxi out from the gate to the takeoff position on the runway.

When the rudder trim is centered to zero degrees, as required for takeoff, the rudder pedals would be matched so that the captain's legs would be extended the same amount, for each pedal, and the plane's nosewheel steering would not keep trying to turn the plane to the left, during taxi operations (See graphic).

The NTSB could not understand why the captain failed to detect the mistrimmed rudder (as evidenced by the abnormal displacement of the rudder pedals and the tendency for the plane to keep trying to turn left), during the time that the plane was taxied to the takeoff position.

"The safety issues discussed in the report are the design and location of the rudder trim control on the Boeing 737-400, air crew coordination and communication during takeoffs, crew pairing, and crash survivability. Safety Recommendations addressing these issues were made to the Federal Aviation Administration and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey."

Testing of the pilots for drugs and alcohol
ALPA (the Air Line Pilots Association), which was the labor union representing the two pilots of flight 5050, sequestered the pilots and refused to reveal their whereabouts until such time that any testing for drugs and alcohol would be useless. This made the NTSB investigators so upset that a very unusual and strong statement was included in the official accident report:

"The Safety Board is extremely concerned that no federal investigators were allowed to speak to the pilots of flight 5050 until almost 40 hours after the accident. Specific requests to USAir and ALPA to interview the pilots and to have them provide toxicological samples were made about ten hours and again about 20 hours after the accident. USAir representatives stated they did not know where the pilots were sequestered. The Air Line Pilots Association representatives initially stated that they also did not know where the pilots were, then later stated that their location was being withheld so they could not be found by the media. This complicated the investigative process to a great degree. The sequestering of the pilots for such an extended period of time in many respects borders on interference with a federal investigation and is inexcusable."

The FAA was in the process of preparing subpoenas to compel the pilots to present themselves to NTSB accident investigators, when the pilots finally relented and appeared, some 44 hours after the accident. The FAA was processing an emergency suspension of their licenses for failing to present themselves to investigators promptly after the crash. An FAA official said the pilots are entitled to legal counsel, but it is a regulation that they have to talk to the FAA after an accident.

The pilots were requested to provide both blood and urine samples. Upon the advice of their ALPA attorney, they refused to provide any blood samples, but did give urine samples. ALPA officials refused to respond to questions submitted by media reporters. Local law-enforcement officials were attempting to track down rumors that the FO had told Port Authority police after the crash, that the captain had been "mumbling and acting irrationally just before takeoff." However, they were never able to find any witnesses to substantiate that rumor.

The FAA followed through with a suspension of their licenses, shortly after they finally appeared.

NTSB probable cause
"The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the captain's failure to exercise his command authority in a timely manner to reject the takeoff or take sufficient control to continue the takeoff, which was initiated with a mistrimmed rudder. Also causal was the captain's failure to detect the mistrimmed rudder before the takeoff was attempted."

title: USAir Flight 5050


text:
Saidu Baba

Akhūnd Abdul Ghaffūr (1794–1876; also known as Saidū Bābā and the Akhūnd of Swāt) was a prominent religious saint and founder of the State of Swat. The city of Saidu Sharif, that serves as the administrative capital of Swat District, is named after him. His descendants ruled over Swat between 1876 and 1969 with the title of Wāli of Swāt.

Early life
Akhund Abdul Ghaffur was born in a Gujjar family of the upper Swat valley in 1794. Saidu Baba had devoted himself to the religious study as early as the age of 18.

Religious education
For further spiritual study, Saidu Baba came to Peshawar and became a disciple of Hafiz Azim. After spending some time under guidance of Sufi saint Fazl Ahmad, he met another Sufi master Sho'ayb Tordher, who made him familiar with all four SufI orders: Naqshbandi, Qadiri, Chishti and Suhrawardi. After his death in 1819, Saidu Baba isolated himself in a cowshed in Hund by the banks of the Indus River, spending time in meditation and Zikr.

Religious leadership
In 1829, the Muslim reformist Syed Ahmad Barelvi had the malik of Hund killed in Akhund's home, as he had betrayed the Mujahideen in the battles of Haidru and Shaidu against the Sikh Empire. After this incident, Akhund left his home and wandered across Swat, living life of asceticism. When Ahmad Barelvi died fighting in the battle of Balakot (1831) against the Sikhs along with hundreds of Mujahideen, many of his followers came to Buner to stay under the protection of Saidu Baba. They started a new uprising against the British Raj under Saidu Baba's leadership in 1862. He returned to Saidu Sharif in Swat in September, 1835 at the age of forty-one, where he attracted a large number of devotees. Afterwards, Saidu Baba became the most esteemed spiritual leader among the eastern Pashtuns.

Establishment of Swat state
In 1835, Saidu Baba cooperated with the Afghan emir Dost Muhammad Khan and mobilized the tribes of Yaghestan against the Sikh Empire. In return, the Afghan Emir recognized him as ruler of Swat, Lundkhwar and Mardan. However, Dost Muhammad Khan's campaign proved to be a failure, and Akhund returned to Swat. In 1849, he appointed Syed Akbar Shah, a direct descendant of Pir Baba, as ruler of Swat. Syed Akbar had previously served under Syed Ahmad Barelvi as secretary. Saidu Baba ultimately assumed direct control of the state of Swat in the 1850s.

In 1863, Saidu Baba led the Yusufzai and other groups in a battle at the Ambela Pass against the British forces, inflicting a decisive defeat upon them in Swat.

Death
When Saidu Baba died in 1876, the London newspapers published a brief note mentioning his death. The general public of London did not know anything about him or Swat, and this unfamiliarity prompted the poet Edward Lear to write a nonsensical poem titled "Who, or why, or which, or what, Is the Akond of Swat?", highlighting the "otherness" of the region to the English people.

Literary allusions

 * Edward Lear's "The Akond of Swat"
 * George T. Lanigan (1846–1886) wrote "The Ahkoond of Swat" on hearing of Saidu Baba's death in 1878.
 * Ken Nordine's rendition of the Lear piece in his 'Word Jazz' radio show.

Eponymous entities

 * Saidu Medical College
 * Saidu Sharif
 * Saidu Teaching Hospital
 * Saidu Sharif Airport

title: Saidu Baba


text:
Karthago

Karthago can refer to:

 * Karthago (band), a Hungarian rock band.
 * Karthago (German band), a West Berlin–based rock band, pioneers of the Krautrock
 * Karthago (musical company), a Belgian musical company, located in Ghent.
 * Carthage, the city in Tunisia, North Africa.
 * Karthago Airlines, a Tunisian charter airline.

title: Karthago


text: User talk:68.65.89.81

title: User talk:68.65.89.81


text:
Paul Newton (artist)

Paul Newton (born 1961) is an Australian artist. He has won the Archibald Prize Packing Room Prize twice: in 1996 with a portrait of radio announcer John Laws CBE; and, again in 2001 (along with the People's Choice award) with a portrait of characters Roy Slaven and HG Nelson.

He has works in the permanent collection of the National Portrait Gallery in Canberra, and is a portrait artist for Parliament House, Canberra. He has painted Prime Ministers and Governor General Sir William Deane AC, KBE. Other portraits by Newton have been Archibald Prize finalists including paintings of model Kate Fischer in 1997, model Maggie Tabberer AM in 1999, and rugby player David Campese AM in 2000 (which was acquired by the National Portrait Gallery). He has also won portrait competitions in Philadelphia and the Portrait Society of America's 2003 International Portrait Competition in Washington DC.

In 1999, his portrait of Bryce Courtenay AM was hung in the Archibald Salon des Refusés. His portrait of John Doyle was also hung in the Salon des Refusés in 1995.

In 2002, he painted arts figure Brett Sheehy AO for that year's Archibald Prize with the painting later being a finalist in the 2004 Doug Moran National Portrait Prize.

In 2003, an image painted on Ian Thorpe's jeans by Paul Newton was used as a pin for the Jeans for Genes Day. The jeans were later auctioned by the charity for $26,000.

Newton holds a Bachelor of Science from the University of Sydney and a Diploma of Art from the Julian Ashton Art School in Sydney.

He painted a portrait of Tara Moss which was a finalist in the Doug Moran National Portrait Prize, and was 'highly commended' at the Shirley Hannan National Portrait Awards in Bega.

Newton was commissioned to paint a depiction of the Madonna and Child Our Lady of the Southern Cross for World Youth Day 2008, which now hangs permanently in St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney.

He has been a finalist in the Archibald Prize 15 times, including in 1997, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010 (with Self portrait #2 – dark night of the soul), 2012, 2014, 2017, 2020 and 2022.

title: Paul Newton (artist)


text:
George Don

George Don (29 April 1798 – 25 February 1856) was a Scottish botanist and plant collector.

Life and career
George Don was born at Doo Hillock, Forfar, Angus, Scotland on 29 April 1798 to Caroline Clementina Stuart and George Don (b.1756), principal gardener of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1802. Don was the elder brother of David Don, also a botanist. He became foreman of the gardens at Chelsea in 1816. In 1821, he was sent to Brazil, the West Indies and Sierra Leone to collect specimens for the Royal Horticultural Society. Most of his discoveries were published by Joseph Sabine, although Don published several new species from Sierra Leone.

Don's main work was his four volume A General System of Gardening and Botany, published between 1832 and 1838 (often referred to as Gen. Hist., an abbreviation of the alternative title: A General History of the Dichlamydeous Plants). He revised the first supplement to Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Plants, and provided a Linnean arrangement to Loudon's Hortus Britannicus. He also wrote a monograph on the genus Allium (1832) and a review of Combretum. He died at Kensington, London, on 25 February 1856. He is buried in the parish churchyard in the centre of Forfar.

Legacy
The plant species authored by George Don include:

Coastal Wattle Candelbra Wattle Weeping Myall, Boree Nealie Pink Periwinkle Long-scaped Isotome Prairie violet
 * Acacia cyclops G.Don
 * Acacia deltoidea G.Don
 * Acacia holosericea G.Don
 * Acacia pendula A.Cunn. ex G.Don
 * Acacia podalyriifolia G.Don
 * Acacia rigens G.Don
 * Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don
 * Daviesia physodes G.Don
 * Hoya latifolia G.Don
 * Isotoma scapigera (R.Br.) G.Don
 * Lagunaria patersonia (Andrews) G.Don
 * Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell
 * Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don
 * Physochlaina orientalis (M.Bieb.) G.Don
 * Psittacanthus calyculatus (DC.) G.Don
 * Sagina maritima G.Don
 * Sphenotoma squarrosum (R.Br.) G.Don
 * Swainsona formosa (G.Don) Joy Thomps.
 * Viola pedatifida G.Don

A plant genera authored by George Don is Physochlaina G.Don

He is also honoured in the genus of a plant, Donella, which was published in Hist. Pl. Vol.11 o page 294 in 1891.

The television gardener Monty Don is, according to different sources, either George Don's four-times great-grandson or a great-nephew some generations removed.

List of selected publications

 * A general system of gardening and botany. Founded upon Miller's Gardener's dictionary, and arranged according to the natural system. 1831–1838
 * Biography of The Scottish Botanist George Don 1764–1814, His Life, Times, and Contemporaries, by Scottish Author Marilyn Reid, https://www.amazon.co.uk/Scottish-Botanist-George-Don-1764-1814/dp/1492192619
 * A general system of gardening and botany. Founded upon Miller's Gardener's dictionary, and arranged according to the natural system. 1831–1838
 * Biography of The Scottish Botanist George Don 1764–1814, His Life, Times, and Contemporaries, by Scottish Author Marilyn Reid, https://www.amazon.co.uk/Scottish-Botanist-George-Don-1764-1814/dp/1492192619

title: George Don


text:
Keeping the Promise for a Strong Economy Act (Budget Measures), 2002

The Keeping the Promise for a Strong Economy Act (Budget Measures), 2002, also known as Bill 198, was an Ontario legislative bill effective April 7, 2003, which provides for regulation of securities issued in the province of Ontario. The legislation encompasses many areas. It is perhaps best known for clauses that provide equivalent legislation to the U.S. Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SarbOx) to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures. Thus, it is also known as the "Canadian Sarbanes–Oxley" act or C-SOX (see-socks).

In October 2002, Janet Ecker, as Minister of Finance, introduced an omnibus bill in the legislature entitled Keeping the Promise for a Strong Economy Act (Budget Measures), 2002, now simply referred to as Bill 198. It was enacted as Chapter 22 of the Statutes of Ontario, 2002. Bill 198 received Royal Assent on December 9, 2002 and the amendments to the securities provisions of Bill 198 proclaimed in force on April 7, 2003. Bill 198 amends Part CXXIII.1 of the Ontario Securities Act.

As budgetary legislation, it touched on many different aspects of government operation. Provisions included measures about corporate disclosure, auto insurance and tax. Thus, only a small portion of Bill 198 was relevant to "Sarbanes–Oxley" issues.

In June 2003, all Canadian securities commissions (except the British Columbia Securities Commission) issued three regulations for public comment designed to build on Bill 198:
 * Multilateral Instrument (MI) 52-108, which would require issuers of securities to employ only those auditors participating in an independent oversight program established by the Canadian Public Accountability Board.
 * MI 52-109, which would require chief executive officers and chief financial officers to personally certify that their company's annual and interim filings do not contain any misrepresentations and that such filings fairly present the corporation’s financial condition; and
 * MI 52-110, which regulates the role and composition of the audit committees of any company issuing securities.

MI 52-109 has been agreed to by the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) and covers additional SarbOx issues.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of magic venues

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:44, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

List of magic venues
Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information -- Krash 01:08, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. Ëvilphoenix Burn! 02:29, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Unmaintainable    Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   03:27, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I think such a list could be relevant if the article was about "Magic Gaming," or something expansive like that, and the list illustrated / flushed out the phenomena described in the main entry. Somehow it has to report about secondary scholarship and not be just a definition or list. --Malecasta 03:58, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Krash --Rogerd 04:58, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. *drew 05:23, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Ugh. - Sensor 05:38, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - advertising CLW 13:08, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete ditto Joaquin Murietta 15:41, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Salonikios

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! - and I hope you can do lots more on the Thessaloniki articles. DS 01:09, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Thessaloniki on the Article Improvement Drive
Hey Salonikios! I noticed your work on and interst in Thessaloniki and wanted to let you know that I nominated the city's article for the Article Improvement Drive. It is very close to reaching Featured Article Status and it deserves that recognition. Please feel free to vote for its candidacy at the AID! --Caponer 01:02, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Salonikios


text:
Talk:Ford Meteor

Contrary to information in your page about the "Ford Meteor", the Meteor was sold in Canada by the Mercury Lincoln dealer from its inception in 1949.(My father was a Mercury Lincoln Meteor dealer at that time)

title: Talk:Ford Meteor


text: User talk:82.23.69.42

title: User talk:82.23.69.42


text:
Talk:Holy Trinity Brompton

Questionable?
"notoriety" and "highly questionable"? What evidence is there for this? Bastie 01:11, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Whitewash?
There is space for a section on controversy and criticism on this page. HTB has attracted a lot of criticism over the years, especially in relation to the Toronto Blessing and the place of charismatic worship in the Church of England. Big topics, admittedly, and the leadership of HTB is now notably silent on their connections to the Blessing and the Vineyard churches. This article reads like an advertisement for HTB, descriptive and no doubt accurate, but somewhat lacking in grit. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Greenslade66 (talk • contribs) 18:02, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Indeed. When I visited HTB in the late 1990's, I was bemused and a bit scared at the insanity of the service. One would choose words carefully for the article, but the style of worship is clearly "unconventional". There is no indication of how weird this church is/was in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.100.3.40 (talk) 10:24, 19 March 2010 (UTC)

Holy Trinity Brompton Church
...was where I found this page. I've moved it because that's not even a thing. Surely it's Holy Trinity Church, Brompton if anything. "Holy Trinity Brompton Church" (Dedication Place Church, e.g. St Martin's London Church) is a ridiculous turn of phrase. DBD 21:24, 14 June 2012 (UTC)

B Class?
What improvements does this article need to become B class?

1. Mentioned above, it needs a Criticisms section 2. NPOV could still be a problem 3. More references are needed. 4. Do you have more ideas?

Let's see how far we can get with this article. I've never been to HTB, so I can't really be much help editing.

Thanks all, 94.171.75.101 (talk) 08:07, 3 April 2013 (UTC)

Also Out of Date?
Yes and it's also very out of date. No mention of: 1. The Annual HTB Leadership Conference at the Royal Albert Hall attended by 5,000. 2. The links with the Justin Welby - the new Archbishop of Canterbury. 3. The opening of St Judes Courtfield Gardens. 4. WWT's back to work furniture warehouse. 5. Homeless shelters 6. Debt counselling etc etc. 7. And some healthy NPOV and criticism.

Perhaps we should ask the congregation to help?

86.29.127.233 (talk) 08:50, 7 June 2013 (UTC)

The leadership team has changed. See: https://www.htb.org/about/leadership-team AJRG (talk) 14:48, 11 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Holy Trinity Brompton. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120123164143/http://www.williamwilberforcetrust.org.uk/ to http://www.williamwilberforcetrust.org.uk/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:25, 6 November 2017 (UTC)

Context and position in the religious landscape
This article looks to have been heavily edited by people close to the subject. There is lots of glowing prose about "thriving ministries" and meeting pastoral challenges. What would be more encyclopaedic is more about how HTB - an influential church - fits into the range of perspectives in the Church of England and the wider Christian 'scene', although I am not well enough informed to take this on. At the moment the infobox makes clear that this is a "charismatic evangelical" establishment, but there is not much about this in the article. The article would benefit from more information referenced to third party sources. Beorhtwulf (talk) 23:08, 15 January 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm late to the party but you're right; a brief look along the edit history of this article makes me think as much. A number of sections are completely uncited, and edits such as this appear by editors who've only edited this article. I'd hazard a guess, sight unseen, that the uncited sections have been used as a way of "updating" what the church is now doing without regard to what it previously has done. We're not a village noticeboard.
 * Of more importance, as you say, is how this church fits into the CofE landscape, seeing as it's where the current Archbishop of Canterbury came from. I've heard tell that the CofE is getting more evangelical in tone, if an interview with the Rev. Richard Coles in the Telegraph is anything to go by, so it sees to be having a marked impact on the charism of the church wider. Surely there's sources to state as such available.
 * I'll have a gander down edit history lane to see what may have been removed, and I'll rewrite some sections for tone, though in honesty if they've never had sources I don't think I'd be off in removing them. May get a bit of editing attention, at least...—Ineffablebookkeeper (talk) ({{ping}} me!) 21:15, 30 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Holy Trinity Brompton


text:
Ariano Irpino

Ariano Irpino (until 1930 Ariano di Puglia), or simply Ariano, is a comune (municipality) in the province of Avellino, in the Italian region of Campania. With a territory of 186.74 km2 and a population of 22,535 (2017), it is one of the largest settlements in the Irpinia historical district and the modern province. Located 264 km east-southeast of Rome and 104 km east-northeast of Naples, the comune was granted the official status of città ("city") by a presidential decree of 1952, October 26; it has been recognized as an arts town, too.

Overview
At an elevation of 788 m above sea level, Ariano Irpino is centered between the Adriatic Sea and the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is 39 km east of Benevento, 51 km north-east of Avellino and 62 km south-west of Foggia.

Formerly called just Ariano, it was built on three hills, and for that reason it is also known as Città del Tricolle ("City of the Three Knolls"). From the Norman era, but formally only since 1868 to 1930, it was known as Ariano di Puglia. Irpinia is the name given to the area of the Apennine Mountains between Campania and Apulia; the name stems from the Oscan word hirpus, meaning wolf.

Ariano lies in the centre of a fertile but rugged district and has only a few buildings of historical importance, as it was devastated by earthquakes in 988, 1456 and 1732.

Towering over the surrounding countryside, the town was a military position of some importance in the Middle Ages, and it still has a Catholic diocese and retains many public offices and utilities which serve all surrounding smaller towns too. However, many inhabitants reside in farms and still live on agriculture or craftsmanship.

Ariano Irpino experiences a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb/Cfb in the Köppen climate classification), with moderate rain, occasional snow and quite rare hail.

Surroundings
The municipality borders Apice (BN), Castelfranco in Miscano (BN), Flumeri, Greci, Grottaminarda, Melito Irpino, Montecalvo Irpino, Monteleone di Puglia (FG), Savignano Irpino, Villanova del Battista and Zungoli.

History
The town is of ancient origin; archaeological evidence points to its continuous settlement from the Neolithic (c. 7th millennium BC) to around 900 BC at La Starza rock site. The foundation of the Roman vicus of Aequum Tuticum, not far from La Starza, was formerly credited to the Hirpini Samnites, although there is no evidence of this (except for the Samnitic Oscan word Tuticum, meaning "public"); in any case, it was only within the Roman Empire that the vicus became the crossroads of the Via Traiana and Via Herculia and Via Aemilia in Hirpinis highways. However, soon later Aequum Tuticum dramatically declined following the onset of the barbarian invasions.

As a result of this, the three hills started to be inhabited, a high and easily defendable place, and it is here that Ariano proper was born, a fortified city in a strategic position; however its ancient and formidable defensive walls are hardly recognizable today. In a secure place away from the invasions of the Goths and Byzantines, Ariano is a fortified town of the Lombards. Around 800 the Castle of Ariano was built to defend the city against the Byzantines which, although ruined, still proudly stands in the panoramic Villa comunale city park.

Successively conquered by the Normans, in 1140 it was the place where the king Roger II of Sicily promulgated the Assizes of Ariano, the then-new constitution of the Kingdom of Sicily. This legal corpus would be adopted almost complete and with a few variations into the Constitutions of Melfi of the Emperor Frederick II. In the same venue Roger II minted the ducat, a coin that would last for seven centuries, until 1860.

In 1255, Manfred, son of Frederick II, besieged the city, which resisted strongly thanks to its walls and the combative nature of its inhabitants. During the siege, a group of soldiers from Lucera pretended to be deserters from Manfred's army, and were welcomed into the town. During the night, they revealed their identity, sacking and destroying the city with fire, and killing or deporting many inhabitants. There is still a road marking the event, called La Carnale (The Carnage).

More than ten years later, in 1266, Charles I of Anjou rebuilt the city and gave it two thorns of the crown of Christ, still conserved in a reliquary within the Museum of silverware, beside the town's Romanesque cathedral. All these events are commemorated every year (in August) in the Rievocazione Storica del Dono delle Sante Spine (Historical Reinvocation of the Gift of the Sacred Thorns) and the reproduction of the Incendio del Campanile (Belltower Burning), a pyrotechnic event that lights the main square of the city and the side of the cathedral.

After the Capetian House of Anjou lost control of Sicily to Peter III of Aragon in the War of the Sicilian Vespers, the city passed to the Provençal family of Sabran from 1294 to 1413; and then into the hands of the Carafa family and the House of Gonzaga. Today are there still in the town buildings that belonged to the Spanish families that governed at the time. On 2 August 1545 the city rebelled against the feudal regime and became a Città Regia (city-state) dependent on the Viceroy of the Kingdom of Sicily.

Majolica
Ariano is known for the production of majolica, a tin-glazed pottery. The first examples date from the 13th century under the Moorish influence of the Spanish, but Ariano Irpino ceramics became more refined around the 18th century, when the first amphorae and pitchers appear, often simple in the shape, but thinly elaborated. Today's production is even large, including flask, busts, cups, plates, figures, and amphorae. All pieces are splendidly decorated by the craftsmen of Ariano, and often have a fine and elaborate shape.

Museums
Today the town houses some museums:
 * the City Museum and Ceramics Gallery
 * the Archaeological Antiquarium, which displays artifacts from La Starza and Aequum Tuticum
 * the Museum of Norman Civilization, with a numismatic section and a chamber of Medieval polearms
 * the Catholic Diocesan Museum, with works of art from the diocese of Ariano-Lacedonia
 * the Museum of Silverware, in the Cathedral, which displays two sacred thorns of the crown of Christ gifted to the town by King Charles I of Anjou in 1269
 * the Museum "Giuseppina Arcucci", at the Sister's of Holy Spirit's.

Research activity
In the town are located CESN (the European Centre of Norman Studies) and BioGeM (Biology and Molecular Genetics in the Mezzogiorno).

Food
Ariano Irpino's country-people produce food from traditional agriculture. Many shops and restaurants offer produce as bread, pasta, pizza, meat, cherries, Irpinia olive oil and Caciocchiato, a typical cheese.

Dialect
Ariano Irpino is home to the Arianese dialect, a variety of the Irpinian dialect.

Health

Saint Ottone Frangipane Hospital was built in 1972 as a utility for the Campanian health district No. 1, that includes 29 municipalities with a total population of 87,993. Actually an ancient Hospitalis pro Peregrinis et Infirmis, along with a pavilion for lepers, was founded thereabout in 1410, but it was relocated in 1731 in the neighboring St. Jacob Palace, where today is the Ceramics Museum's scientific and educational center.

In the north-eastern outskirts of the town there is also the headquarters of MIR (Medicinal Investigational Research), a department of BioGeM University Consortium that is involved in medical and pharmaceutical research.

Transport
The SS90 national road connects the town to A16 (Naples-Bari motorway) Grottaminarda junction and A14 (Bologna-Taranto highway) Foggia junction.

From Ariano Irpino railway station (located 6 km away from the town centre), daily trains reach Rome in 3h30, and Bari in 2 hours. The nearest airport is Naples-Capodichino airport, linked to Ariano Irpino by Air busses; these also reach the towns of Avellino, Benevento and Foggia.

People

 * Ottone Frangipane (1040–1127), saint
 * Jordan of Ariano (d. 1127), Count of Ariano
 * Saint Elzéar of Sabran (1285-1323), Count of Ariano
 * Hieronymus Angerianus (1470–1535), humanist
 * Diomede Carafa (1492–1560), bishop and cardinal
 * Pietro Paolo Parzanese (1809–1852), poet
 * Enea Franza (1907–1986), politician
 * Luigi Franza (1939–2020), politician
 * Ortensio Zecchino (b. 1943), academic and politician
 * Francesca Albanese (b. 1977), lawyer and academic
 * Luca Morelli (b. 1987), motorcycle racer
 * Pasquale Grasso (b. 1988), jazz guitarist

title: Ariano Irpino