text:
Grapevine Vintage Railroad

The Grapevine Vintage Railroad (GVRR) is an excursion and special event railroad in Grapevine, Texas, USA, that runs from the Grapevine–Main Street station in Grapevine to the Fort Worth Stockyards. GVRR is owned and operated by the City of Grapevine.

History and description
The railroad operates passenger excursion trains using GVRR 2248, 4-6-0, (CLW 1896) steam locomotive and GVRR 2199 (EMD GP7) to pull its 1920s-era Victorian coaches. Since early 2016, GVRR 2248 has been out of service for overhaul. Two additional diesel locomotives, GVRR 2014 and GVRR 2016 (EMD FL9) are also used.

Passengers board at Grapevine's historic Main Street station and the train operates over a 21-mile (34 kilometer) route to the Fort Worth Stockyards on former trackage that was owned by the St. Louis Southwestern Railway (aka the "Cotton Belt"). The main run starts in Grapevine and goes to the Fort Worth Stockyards. From its stop in the stockyards, the train then runs a separate excursion along the Trinity River to the 8th Ave Yard of the Fort Worth and Western Railroad, then returns to the stockyards. Upon return to the stockyards, the engine turns around via a turntable and runs around the train on a siding, then it departs back toward Grapevine.

The route was formerly operated by the FWWR and was known as the Tarantula train. In 1999 and for a short period of time the FWWR contracted with Coe Rail, Inc. for operation of the Tarantula train. An accident with a freight train in 2000 caused the Fort Worth & Western to sever the relationship and took back control of passenger operations. Later that year the City of Grapevine expressed interest to FWWR owner William Davis in owning and operating the Tarantula train. After receiving an offer, the purchase was complete around 2005.

The city named their new operation the Grapevine Vintage Railroad (GVRR) with FRA reporting mark: GVRX. Grapevine operated the train under trackage agreements with FWWR. When Trinity Metro began operating their TEXRail commuter line, GVRR made arrangements for trackage rights on their right-of-way to Haltom City. From that point on, GVRR uses FWWR trackage under the original agreement.

Special Excursions
In addition to the normal Grapevine-Fort Worth and Trinity River runs, GVRR offers many events and special excursions throughout the year.

North Pole Express
By far the railroad's most popular event, the North Pole Express runs every year late-November through December. The station and the train are both decorated for the occasion. For this out-and-back run, the train runs part of the way down the line from Grapevine until it gets to 'Reindeer Ridge', and then reverses back to Grapevine.

As riders board the train, they are given a souvenir ticket, and Santa's Elves pass out hot chocolate in a souvenir mug. When the train gets to 'Reindeer Ridge', Mrs. Claus boards the train, and as the train heads back to Grapevine, each child is presented with a silver bell that says 'We Believe'. Back in Grapevine, riders get off the train and enter the North Pole, where they are greeted with a snowy forest path that leads them to Santa's Workshop. Once there, Santa, Mrs. Claus, and the elves perform a short musical, and afterwards guests are offered free pictures with Santa.

Day Out with Thomas
Although it is a short 25-30 minute trip, it is popular for families with small children. For one weekend each year, a replica of Thomas the Tank Engine comes to Grapevine and leads the train for a short out-and-back excursion. At the station, riders will find photo opportunities with Thomas and other characters from the show, as well as activities that vary from year to year. These activities can include but are not limited to the Thomas and Friends Imagination Station, magic shows, live performances, and storytelling.

Kiss Me I'm Irish Express
Another out-and-back excursion, this ride is offered one Saturday in March, and offers riders 21 and older a souvenir Kiss Me I'm Irish mug, two free glasses of beer, and Irish-style hors d'oeuvres and desserts.

Jazz Wine Train
On this out-and-back excursion in mid-March, riders 21 and older experience live jazz music in each coach. Guests receive meals and wine tastings provided by local Grapevine businesses, as well as bottled water and a souvenir wine glass.

Witches Brew Train
Another 21 and older out-and-back trip, this excursion offers guests Halloween-themed food and entertainment, as well as two free glasses of craft beer in a souvenir stein. Costumes are highly encouraged on this run but not required.

Trick 'r' Treat Trains
A halloween themed excursion geared for the whole family.

Additional Seasonal Excursions
Although less popular, the Grapevine Vintage Railroad offers these themed excursions throughout the year: Christmas Wine Trains, After Christmas Trains, Spring Break Trains, Easter Bunny Train, Mother's Day Train, Memorial Day Train, Father's Day Train, Fourth of July Train, and Labor Day Train.

Locomotives
Source:

#2199 'Vinny'

 * 1) 2199, nicknamed Vinny, is a 1953 EMD GP7u diesel locomotive. Originally owned by the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad, it was purchased by the Grapevine Vintage Railroad in 2005. Vinny is the most used locomotive on the line while 2248 is down for repair.

#2248 'Puffy'
Built by Cooke Locomotive Works in 1896, 2248, nicknamed Puffy, is the railroad's 4-6-0 steam locomotive. It was originally owned by the Southern Pacific Railroad for mixed passenger and freight use in California. Later in its life, it was converted into a fire train, and eventually ended up as a ceremonial engine in a private collection. Although at one point Walt Disney was eyeing it for a project that never came to be, it ended up in the hands of the Texas State Railroad in 1976. In 1990, #2248 was purchased by the FWWR and restored to operational condition in 1991. Since early 2016, the 2248 has been out of service. It is unclear of the current restoration status of if & when 2248 returns to service.

#2014 "Cookies" and #2016 "Cream"
They remained under ConnDOT ownership until they were placed for sale which is when the FL9 locomotives were purchased by GVRR.
 * 1) 2014 and #2016, both nicknamed "Cookies & Cream", are two EMD FL9 diesel locomotives that have recently been acquired by the railroad. They were originally owned by the New Haven Railroad, numbered 2041 and 2044, respectively. They were transferred to ConnDOT/MTA Metro-North Railroad for commuter service between New York City and New Haven, Connecticut, when the New Haven Railroad was absorbed into Conrail.

title: Grapevine Vintage Railroad


text:
Talk:Captain Bogg and Salty

Notability
Notabilty is claimed for this band on the following grounds on WP:MUSIC

 * Reviewed by national press (EW)
 * Representative of a particular sub-genre (pirate rock)

Further; I am in no way associated with the band. --EngineerScotty 05:31, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Notability requires multiple reviews; please find another beside the one-para EW bit. Also, what is pirate rock? This band appears to be a themed/novelty children's group with some ironic crossover appeal. Maybe that's notable, but making up a label "pirate rock" isn't. jnestorius(talk) 09:02, 29 September 2009 (UTC)

Pirate metal is a sub-genre, and so is pirate rock; neither is a "made-up label". Both of these are sometimes categorized together within "pirate core". Just because you haven't heard of it doesn't mean it's "made-up" (although every concept in existence is "made up", so that phrase itself is just weasel words). Some evidence that these are actual popular phenomena: Cernansky (talk) 00:59, 12 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Last.fm's Top pirate rock artists page: https://www.last.fm/tag/pirate+rock/artists
 * The Guardian article "Scene and heard: Pirate metal" : https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2009/aug/03/scene-and-heard-pirate-metal

Iannotti guitar
I've just noticed that the page cradits Paul Iannotti with piano and vocals, but in the second pand picture he's playing a guitar. What gives? --66.241.72.237 01:57, 5 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Ignore the picture. :)  He's credited with piano and vocals on the album liner notes--the reliable source in this instance (the intrument listings were taken from there)--and in fact, he does play keyboard (and the melodica) and sing in live performances.  He did play guitar in Pirate Jenny; but I've never seen him pick up a guitar for Bogg and Salty.  --EngineerScotty 03:12, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

No longer?
Connecting the dots and jumping to conclusions, it seems like the Disney contract they signed forbade them from continuing as an independent band. - Richfife (talk) 20:58, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

Official Website - Archive copy located
When repairing a citation with a missing url I found that the link is NOT the official site but rather a tribute site by a former member of the band put up after the main site went down.

Here is the real deal site in archive

 * https://web.archive.org/web/20110207174044/http://boggandsalty.com/

Leaving this info here in the hopes a future editor with correct the article and citations to reflect this.

--> Darryl.P.Pike (talk) 01:45, 2 November 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Captain Bogg and Salty


text:
Jason Dolley

Jason Scott Dolley (born July 5, 1991) is an American actor and musician, known for his roles in Disney Channel shows and movies. These include Newton "Newt" Livingston III on Cory in the House, Virgil Fox in Minutemen, Connor Kennedy in Read It and Weep, Pete Ivey in Hatching Pete, and PJ Duncan on Good Luck Charlie.

Early life and education
Jason Scott Dolley was born in Los Angeles, California on July 5, 1991. He has an older brother named Jeffrey (b. 1989). In 2010, he took online courses at Moorpark College. In 2016, Dolley graduated from California Lutheran University.

Career
Dolley gained his first stage experience at 11 when he and one of his brothers performed the Abbott and Costello "Who's on First?" routine in a school talent show.

His first acting jobs came that same year. He won the lead role in the award-winning short film titled Chasing Daylight with actress Jillian Clare. He was then cast by director Mel Gibson to be T.J. Savage on the ABC series Complete Savages. After Complete Savages was canceled, he starred in the film Saving Shiloh as Marty Preston, in the Disney Channel Original Movie Read It and Weep as Connor Kennedy and in the film The Air I Breathe.

In 2006, Dolley appeared in Duracell's commercial "Trusted Everywhere" Campaign "Amazon". Dolley was part of the Yellow team in the second edition of the Disney Channel Games, broadcast in mid-2007. From 2007 to 2008, Dolley starred in the Disney Channel show Cory in the House. In 2008, he appeared in the film Minutemen as Virgil Fox and was in the third edition of the Disney Channel Games on the Green Team. Dolley also guest-starred as the prince in Imagination Movers. In 2009, Jason starred in the Disney film Hatching Pete as Pete Ivey. In 2010, Dolley began appearing in his second Disney Channel Original Series, Good Luck Charlie as P.J. Duncan.

When asked about his role in the Disney Channel Original Series family sitcom, Good Luck Charlie, he replied, "I like the realness of it. I like the more authentic tone. I like the family sitcom. That's something different for Disney, which also appealed to me." He also said in a different interview, "When I read the script, I was like, 'Oh, this is kind of cool. This is a little different. It has a Full House kind of feel. It's very family-friendly. Families can sit down and watch this and get a real laugh. I think that's what's been cool about it from the start and what's still cool about it today."

Dolley and cast appeared in a feature-length Christmas Disney Channel Original Movie based on the series titled Good Luck Charlie, It's Christmas!, which aired on December 2, 2011. He also voiced the character Rumble in Disney Channel's animated film Pixie Hollow Games, which also stars Brenda Song, Tiffany Thornton, and Zendaya.

title: Jason Dolley


text:
Shahid Masood

Shahid Masood is a Pakistani columnist and political analyst who hosts the talk show Live with Dr. Shahid Masood on GNN. He is known for his series End of Time on ARY.

Previously, he served as Group executive director of Geo TV and senior Executive Director of ARY Digital Network. In 2008, he was briefly appointed as the managing director and chairman of Pakistan Television Corporation and also served as the special assistant to then-Prime Minister of Pakistan Yousaf Raza Gillani with the status of a minister of state in the Gillani ministry.

Early life and education
Masood was born to a Pashtun-Kakazai family in Karachi. In a 2004 interview to Arab News, Masood said that his father was a civil engineer in Saudi Arabia who worked there for 15 years while, his mother is a teacher. According to him, he spent his childhood in Taif and Riyadh. For seven years, he went to the Pakistan International School in Riyadh. According to Arab News, He is married and has two daughters and a son. Two of his younger brothers were born in Saudi Arabia so the country is close to him.

He is a medical doctor by profession. He received an MBBS degree from Jinnah Sindh Medical University. Masood did his major in International Relations and Defence Studies from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.

In February 2021, he joined Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government in the capacity of a Senior Executive Fellow. He became the only public figure from South Asia selected for the program.

ARY news executive and PTV Chairman (2001–08)
Masood became affiliated with the media in 2001. He initially served as the senior Executive Director of ARY Digital Network, where he served as the chief of ARY One World (now known as ARY News), and hosted the show Views on News.

In 2005, Masood received a scholarship with CNN. He also carried out coverage of the three wars in Afghanistan, Iraq and Lebanon. In 2007, Masood joined Geo TV as its Group Executive Director where he hosted the TV show Meray Mutabaq.

In June 2008, Masood was appointed as the Chairman of Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV) with the additional charge of Managing Director at PTV on a two-year contract. However, in November 2008 he resigned from his position as chairman and managing director of PTV. Following the resignation, he was appointed as special assistant to the then-Prime Minister of Pakistan Yousaf Raza Gillani with the status of a minister.

According to Daily Times, Masood was asked to resign from PTV by the then-President of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari. According to Dawn, this came following mounting tensions between Masood and the then-Minister of Information Sherry Rehman when the former refused to take back deputy managing director PTV Shahid Nadeem and cancelled his reinstatement orders. Masood also suspended PTV director administration and personnel, and issued him a show-cause notice for complying with the prime minister's orders and allowing Nadeem to rejoin the organization as deputy MD. Ministry of Information was also dissatisfied by the audit of PTV under Masood's chairmanship and his decision to increase salaries of PTV staff at the time of a financial crunch. Masood was reportedly drawing a monthly salary of ₨850,000 and was appointed without a consultation with Minister of Information. Masood was supposed to pay six months' salary to PTV in case of resigning as per contract terms, which however was waived by the then-prime minister.

Geo News, ARY News, Express News, CNBC Pakistan, News One, Bol News, GNN (2008 since)
Masood again joined Geo News and Meray Mutabiq in November 2008 before shifting to Views on News on ARY News in 2010. Masood started hosting his current affairs show Shahid Nama on Express News in 2011. The show followed a similar pattern to his earlier current affairs and politics. Before General Election 2013, Masood joined Royal News for the election coverage. In December 2013, he joined Jaag TV (formerly CNBC Pakistan) where he hosted his show Live with Dr. Shahid Masood.

In 2014, he joined News One (Pakistani TV channel) and started a show Live with Dr. Shahid Masood, as a guest journalist. The show then shifted to ARY News in February 2016 after he joined ARY Digital Network. Salman Iqbal, CEO and MD of the group felicitated Dr Masood on assuming new responsibilities. By the end of 2016, the popular show shifted to Bol News till February 2017. The show then returned to News One (Pakistani TV channel) on 14 February 2017.

He had briefly detached himself from electronic media before making a comeback in 2017.

Masood also had presented documentary on Islamic eschatology entitled End of Time: The Hidden Truth in 2004 from ARY News. He then refreshed and represented them as The Lost Chapters from News One (Pakistani TV channel) in 2015, Final Call from ARY News in 2016 and The Moment from News One (Pakistani TV channel) in 2017.

He garnered significant viewership through detailed explanation of various conspiracy theories floating on the internet. He also made an impact pertainig to technological and educational advancements, especially as the CEO of 1950.ai. In 2019 he left News One (Pakistani TV channel) and joined GNN News as President where he hosts the show "Live With Dr Shahid Masood".

Role as CEO of 1950.ai
As CEO of 1950.ai, Shahid Masood leads the organization in pioneering Predictive Artificial Intelligence, focusing on big data and quantum computing to address global challenges. This initiative is guided by the visionary principles of Alan Turing and aims to advance AI for improved decision-making and innovation.

Controversies and subsequent lawsuits
In 2010, Express Tribune reported that a Karachi resident filed a petition against Masood and asked the court to take action against him for encouraging cultural hatred through his TV show.

In 2013, Dawn reported that an anti-terrorism court in Pakistan ordered Masood to telecast an apology for telecasting derogatory remarks on the judiciary after which Masood submitted written apologies before the court.

In March 2016, Finance Minister of Pakistan Ishaq Dar sent a legal notice to Masood for allegedly leveling baseless allegations in his TV programme and demanded that Masood offer an apology and pay ₨1 billion compensation. In August 2016, PEMRA imposed a 45-day ban on Shahid Masood's show airing on the ARY News after Masood alleged in a programme that the chief justice of Sindh High Court took a bribe and later did not fulfil his promises. He was also banned from participating in any other TV show during this 45-day period.

In January 2017, Ishaq Dar again sent a legal notice to Bol News, demanding an apology for false and defamatory statements, aired in Masood's show on 24 January. On 13 February, PEMRA decided to ban his show for 30 days, and ₨1 millionfine was charged on the channel for making baseless allegations against the federal ministers for finance and defence.

In March 2018, JIT declared that Masood's report about Zainab murder case was false and baseless, for which he was banned for 3 months from hosting his TV show by the Supreme Court. He resumed hosting the show on 21 June 2018 on News One.

Books

 * Views on News, Lahore : Mavra, 2004, 238 p. Current political social issues, views of author expressed in a talk show telecast on ARY Digital channel.
 * End of Time, Lahore : Mavra, 2005, 136 p. Transcript by Khalid Sharif of a documentary series that deals with a variety of subjects ranging from minor, major signs of the end of the world, or end of times: Imam Mahdi, the return of Jesus, Armageddon, Dajjal, and other topics.

title: Shahid Masood


text:
File:Refundación Comunista logo.jpg

Summary
Source: http://refundacioncomunista.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/.pond/logo.rc.pr.jpg.w300h312.jpg

title: File:Refundación Comunista logo.jpg


text: User talk:69.231.214.180

title: User talk:69.231.214.180


text: User talk:86.133.239.203

title: User talk:86.133.239.203


text:
Helen Raynor

Helen Raynor (born March 1972) is a Welsh television screenwriter and script editor from Swansea. She is best known for her work on the relaunched BBC science fiction series Doctor Who. She previously worked as a theatre director. Besides television episodes, Raynor has written theatrical plays, radio plays, and short stories.

Early life
Raynor was born in Swansea and attended Trinity Hall, Cambridge. Her initial career was in the theatre, where she worked for eight years as a director and assistant director for the Bush Theatre, the Royal Shakespeare Company, Clwyd Theatr Cymru, the Royal Opera House, English Touring Opera and Opera North. Her RSC Fringe production of Soho by Rebecca Lenkiewicz won a Fringe First at the 2000 Edinburgh Festival.

She also wrote Cake, a fifteen-minute television short for BBC One's Brief Encounters strand shown in May 2006, and for radio, a sixty-minute play Running Away with the Hairdresser for BBC Radio 4, broadcast in June 2005. For the theatre she has written Waterloo Exit Two, a short play presented as part of Paines Plough's Wild Lunch season at the Young Vic in 2003, and contributed to Cardiff based Dirty Protest's series of rehearsed readings.

Career
Switching to television, from 2002 to 2004 she was a script editor on BBC One's daytime medical soap opera Doctors. Raynor's TV writing career would take off when she was working as a script editor on Doctor Who. In addition to her production duties for the show, Raynor wrote the two-part story "Daleks in Manhattan"/"Evolution of the Daleks" for the third series of Doctor Who, in which the Daleks invade New York City in 1930. She was the first woman to write for the new series, as well as the first woman to write a Dalek story in Doctor Who's history. She then wrote another two-part story for Series 4, entitled "The Sontaran Stratagem"/"The Poison Sky" in which the Doctor's old enemies the Sontarans, last seen in 1985's "The Two Doctors", make their re-imagined return. UNIT and Martha Jones also returned in these episodes. She also continued her script editing duties in the same series, working on the Steven Moffat two-part story "Silence in the Library"/"Forest of the Dead" and Russell T Davies' "Midnight".

Outside broadcasting, she has written for Doctor Who Magazine and compiled the script book of the 2005 season of Doctor Who for BBC Books. She also provides an audio commentary for the Doctor Who episode "World War Three" in the 2005 season DVD boxset, released in November 2005. She later provided a second audio commentaries for the series two episode "School Reunion" and series three's "Daleks in Manhattan". Raynor also contributed the story "All of Beyond" to the Doctor Who short story collection Short Trips: Snapshots, published in June 2007. This was her first professionally published work of prose.

Raynor wrote two episodes for Torchwood, "Ghost Machine" for Series 1, and "To the Last Man" for Series 2. Both make extensive use of locations in the city of Cardiff where she lives.

Raynor, with her partner Gary Owen, co-created and wrote Baker Boys, a BBC Wales drama about a recession-hit small town in the south Wales Valleys. Baker Boys ran for two series in 2011/2012. Russell T. Davies acted as creative consultant, and the show starred Eve Myles, Matthew Gravelle, Mark Lewis Jones, Amy Morgan, Steven Meo, Boyd Clack and Cara Readle. In 2015 she was lead writer on ITV's period drama Mr Selfridge, starring Jeremy Piven, after joining the writers' room for series 3 in 2014. In 2020 she wrote an episode of Call the Midwife.

title: Helen Raynor


text:
Battle of Boydton Plank Road

The Battle of Boydton Plank Road (also known as Burgess Mill or First Hatcher's Run), fought on October 27–28, 1864, followed the Union Army's successful Battle of Peebles's Farm in the siege of Petersburg during the American Civil War. This follow up was a further success, with the Union Army able to seize the Boydton and Petersburg Plank Road and cut the South Side Railroad, a critical supply line to Petersburg, Virginia.

Background
At the Battle of Peebles's Farm earlier in October, the Union V Corps had seized a portion of the Confederate works around Hatcher's Run. The entire II Corps, under Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock, was pulled out of the trenches and moved to operate against the Confederates' Boydton Line in conjunction with a simultaneous operation against the Richmond defenses along the Darbytown Road. The II Corps was reinforced by divisions from the V Corps, IX Corps, and Brig. Gen. David McM. Gregg's cavalry division already operating in the area.

Battle
On October 27, Hancock marched across Hatcher's Run, brushed aside Confederate pickets and moved around the Confederate flank towards Burgess Mill. The division under Brig. Gen. Gershom Mott crossed the Boydton Plank Road and attacked Maj. Gen. Wade Hampton's Confederate cavalry threatening to cut it off from the main Confederate lines. Lt. Gen. A. P. Hill, who commanded the Confederate defenses in the area, reacted quickly to Hancock's threat. However, once his units moved to confront the Federals, Hill, in poor health, proved too sick to continue field command and turned over direction of his corps to Maj. Gen. Henry Heth. Heth put two divisions in Hancock's path, but the Federal commander drove up the Boydton Plank Road and pushed aside the opposing Confederates. At this time both Maj. Gen. George G. Meade and Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant rode out to the battlefield, where Meade immediately noticed a gap between Hancock and the V Corps. With the South Side Railroad still 6 mi away, Meade realized that continuing the advance would only further isolate the II Corps, and so ordered Hancock to halt. Brig. Gen. Samuel W. Crawford's V Corps division was ordered to link with the II Corps but became caught up in the dense woods. General Grant, meanwhile, made a personal reconnaissance of the Confederate works and, after coming under fire, determined that the Confederates were too strong and called off the offensive.

Having never linked up with Crawford's division, Hancock's corps returned to Hatcher's Run crossing but found it blocked by Confederate cavalry. This left the entire II Corps isolated on the north side of Hatcher's Run without support. With the memory of Reams's Station infusing them, Heth and Hampton saw a golden opportunity to destroy the whole II Corps. Hancock's only line of retreat was the Dabney Mill Road, for which Heth was now aiming. Late in the afternoon, Brig. Gen. William Mahone's division attacked through the same woods that had stopped Crawford and seized the Dabney Mill Road, while a Confederate cavalry division under Maj. Gen. W.H.F. "Rooney" Lee moved up behind the Federals. Mahone moved so far around the Federal flank that Brig. Gen. Thomas W. Egan's II Corps division was forced to completely change fronts. Hancock was now surrounded on 3 sides with no line of retreat. But unlike at Reams's Station, the II Corps did not panic, and Hancock seized the initiative. Mahone had almost been too successful and found his division isolated in turn. Hancock ordered an attack on both Confederate flanks. Hampton failed to hold off the Union cavalry and Gregg was able to move up and aid in routing Mahone. The tables had thus turned and the Confederates, now threatened with encirclement, retreated up the Boydton Plank Road. Hancock retained his hold on the Boydton Plank Road and Grant left to him the decision whether to remain or withdraw to the initial Union lines. Although Hancock had repulsed the Confederate attack, his position was still very unstable. That night Hancock marched his men back to their original position.

Aftermath
With October nearly over, both armies settled into winter quarters. The Confederates maintained their hold on the Boydton Plank Road throughout the winter. Hancock had won a tactical victory over Heth's Confederates, partially erasing the stain of the rout at Reams's Station. No further significant action occurred on any front around Petersburg for the rest of the year.

The Battle of Boydton Plank Road marked the last battle of two distinguished Union generals in the Army of the Potomac. The following month, Winfield Hancock resigned from field command due to complications with the wound he received at Gettysburg. Then in January 1865, David McM. Gregg unexpectedly resigned his command. His letter of resignation alluded to an anxiety of being away from his home. Meade's chief-of-staff, Maj. Gen. Andrew A. Humphreys, assumed command of the II Corps and would resume the offensive against the Boydton Plank Road in February of the following year.

title: Battle of Boydton Plank Road


text:
User:Jdorje/Timeline

East Coast Timeline

Definition
This timeline shows major hurricanes (955 mbar and stronger) that have hit the east coast of the mainland United States (from the southern tip of Florida - not including the Florida Keys - through Maine) since 1890. "Landfall" is defined as the storm's eye crossing land. Only storms that were major hurricanes at time of landfall are listed. The official source is the NHC, currently taken from.

Addendum
These Hurricanes crossed the Florida Keys. They may or may not have made landfall there. Regardless, Keys hurricanes are not included in the timeline. This list may not be complete.
 * from:01/09/1906 till:30/09/1906 text:1906 Florida Keys hurricane category 3
 * from:01/09/1909 till:30/09/1909 text:1909 Florida Keys hurricane category 3
 * from:01/09/1919 till:30/09/1919 text:1919 Florida Keys hurricane category 4
 * from:29/08/1935 till:10/09/1935 text:1935 Labor Day Hurricane category 5
 * from:01/08/1948 till:30/08/1948 text:1948 Florida Keys Hurricane 1 category 4
 * from:01/09/1948 till:30/09/1948 text:1948 Florida Keys Hurricane 2 category 4
 * from:05/10/1960 till:17/10/1960 text:Donna Category 4
 * from:05/10/1964 till:17/10/1964 text:Isbell Category 3
 * from:05/10/1965 till:17/10/1965 text:Betsy Category 3

title: User:Jdorje/Timeline


text:
Spock's World

Spock's World is a 1988 science fiction novel by American writer Diane Duane, set in the fictional Star Trek universe. The plot revolves around a movement on the planet Vulcan to secede from the United Federation of Planets. The book alternates chapters that advance the main plotline with chapters that relate important scenes from Vulcan's history, and much of the book explores underlying themes in Vulcan philosophy and culture, especially the idea of cthia, a Vulcan philosophical (and possibly religious, depending on interpretation) concept translated in the book as "reality-truth — seeing things the way they really are, instead of the way we would like to see them".

Plot synopsis
Certain Vulcan organizations, many with anti-human biases, have begun a movement calling for the secession of Vulcan from the United Federation of Planets, citing the emotionality and unpredictability of humans as dangerous factors for the further development of the planet Vulcan. The dispute is to be resolved by a planetwide vote, with televised debates by important figures for a certain time period beforehand. James T. Kirk and the rest of the crew of the Enterprise are called away from shore leave on Earth to serve as diplomats for Vulcan, arguing against the secession, as the odds that Vulcan will leave the Federation are considered very high. Spock, being half-human and half-Vulcan as well as a prominent Starfleet officer, is seen as one of the most important figures in the debate.

While on Vulcan, the crew discovers (mostly through detective work by Dr. Leonard McCoy, using the aid of a sentient computer named "Moira" resident on the Enterprise) that the secession movement was sparked at least partially by T'Pring, Spock's childhood bride-mate, who has nursed a grudge against Kirk and Spock for years for the deception involved in their participation in the koon-ut-kalifee ceremony (described in the original series episode "Amok Time"). Using the financial resources and connections available to her after the death of Stonn, T'Pring funded many of the organizations seeking to spark anti-human prejudice in the larger Vulcan population, as well as arranging favorable contracts for them regarding Federation property that would revert to the care of the Vulcan government should the secession take place.

Kirk, Spock, and McCoy consult heavily with Sarek, Spock's father and head ambassador from Vulcan to the Federation, and Amanda Grayson, his mother, regarding how to inform the Vulcan population of the corruption, but are interrupted by the news that T'Pau, a Vulcan elder and possibly the most respected living figure on Vulcan at that point, is dying. T'Pau makes the decision to transfer her katra (in a sense, her soul) to Amanda, instead of another Vulcan, proving her trust in certain members of the human race, and tells Kirk, Spock, McCoy, Sarek, and Amanda that since T'Pring's plot was able to thrive in secrecy and subterfuge, it should be countered with openness and honesty, and that the information should simply be given to the Vulcan population. The news of the corruption throws the planet into turmoil, but the news of her death and cross-species katra transfer brings it to a muted standstill. By this point, Kirk and McCoy (who were, with Spock, invited to participate in the debates as Starfleet representatives), have already given their arguments against secession. Spock's argument concludes the debates, and the planet votes on the secession, which is decided by a large margin in favor of remaining in the Federation.

Continuity
The book, which says that Surak was killed by terrorists, is contradicted by later televised Star Trek. Star Trek: Enterprise establishes that Surak instead had been killed by radiation poisoning. The book also alludes to the prior novel Strangers from the Sky in describing first contact between Humans and Vulcans, both of which were superseded by the film Star Trek: First Contact.

Reception
The novel spent eight weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list in 1988.

Ann-Marie Cahill of BookRiot.com recommend the book as "a lovely display of the importance of cultural identity and heritage with the evolution of any society; a key concept of the Star Trek Universe."

The novel is a favorite of the 2009 film's co-writer Roberto Orci.

title: Spock's World


text:
Talk:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Hello

Semi-protected edit request on 14 January 2021
add to show an example of a star in the 1930's Gerald the Man (talk) 20:31, 14 January 2021 (UTC)
 * ❌. As a non-free work it fails WP:NFCCP and WP:NFCCP. ◢  Ganbaruby!   (Say hi!) 06:30, 19 January 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 May 2021
Change "For the unrelated Las Vegas hotel and casino company, see MGM Resorts International." to "For the separate Las Vegas hotel and casino company, see MGM Resorts International."

Reason: MGM Resorts was created as a division of MGM, so it's not "unrelated." West5414 (talk) 14:52, 26 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. From MGM Resorts International: Kerkorian was the former owner of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer movie studio, from which MGM Grand derived its name. This doesn't mention MGM Resorts being a division of MGM, so they do appear to be mostly unrelated.  Bsoyka  ( talk ·  contribs ) 19:09, 26 May 2021 (UTC)

History of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
I would like to split off the History section into another article 'History of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer'. Does anyone have any objections? I would start it in my space or Draft. As it is, the Overview section is duplicate to the lead section. Alaney2k (talk) 22:14, 26 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Support – History section is too long and it deserves its own article. PL Silva talk 14:21, 27 May 2021 (UTC)

 * Support per PL Silva. Here’s how I would suggest going about it:
 * 1. Split off the History section into its own article.
 * 2. Combine the lead paragraphs (which are too long for the beginning of the article) with the Overview section and make that the new History section. DrPepperIsNotACola (talk) 17:07, 27 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose This article needs to be better written, therefore requires serious redrafting. The suggestion for a separate article for the History section is a major change and is too simplistic.  I agree that a draft space should be set up to fix the current problems and also provide an opportunity for more experienced editors to help improve the current article --GloMonsterTalk 20:59, 27 May 2021 (UTC)
 * I agree that there are more problems than simply forking the History section. But, I still expect the History section to be very large and a worthy topic on its own. There is simply a large amount of history associated with MGM. We definitely need to address the film libraries section, etc. So, no, I am not suggesting stopping there. Alaney2k (talk) 23:02, 27 May 2021 (UTC)
 * In that case improve the article first before making a major split. For example why haven’t you suggested a “History of Ownership” section which would be separate from the actual studio production history? Or moving the Television and Cartoons section further down the page?  I’m still not convinced with your approach. Editors have suggested to remove or merge the Overview section with the lead/lede.  Fix that first then come back and tell editors how you’re going to improve the History section and the whole article overall. --GloMonsterTalk 04:00, 28 May 2021 (UTC)
 * So you are not really objecting to making the fork, just the process on how we should go about it. I would not put the whole article into Draft, that would lose edit history. You fork a 'History of' and you can track its edits. As for the rest, I am open to any kind of plan. Alaney2k (talk) 04:37, 28 May 2021 (UTC)
 * I am opposed to a fork. You just haven’t convinced me why the article would need a fork after it has been improved. Improve the History section first then make your arguments for a fork,  other than for aesthetic reasons or that it is too large.  It appears you’re hiding the issue rather than wanting to make the effort to make it better. You can reduce the size of the section through better editing; not by simply forking. I don’t think you should move forward with a fork until more editors have weighed in with their views  --GloMonsterTalk 05:16, 28 May 2021 (UTC)

 * Support. The section is too long, and even with some trimming, it's a notable topic in its own right. Split it now so that we don't need to repeat this discussion after changes to the content. – Finnusertop (talk ⋅ contribs) 22:28, 7 June 2021 (UTC)

Creed hyperlink
Under section "Highest-grossing films in North America", Creed hyperlink leads to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creed instead of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creed_(film) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kostek667 (talk • contribs) 16:33, 17 March 2022 (UTC)

Distribution
The distribution section has this sentence which does not make any sense: "Weinstein preferred the deal brought carriage on Showtime." I suggest it is edited, but as its meaning is obfuscated, I am reluctant to guess what it should say. Gavinayling (talk) 17:54, 9 August 2022 (UTC)

Walt Disney Pictures/co–production Metro Goldwyn Mayer Pictures
List of Films Agent Nanny (1990) Alien Legion (1990) 148.252.132.57 (talk) 12:26, 24 August 2023 (UTC)

FA in time for 100th anniversary?
In mid-October, on the 100th Anniversary of the Walt Disney Company, the man himself had his article be featured. Given that the 100th anniversary of MGM is coming up, what could we do to get the article to featured on the Main Page for its 100th? For reference, MGM's 100th anniversary is April 17, 2024.  Invading Invader  (userpage, talk) 19:09, 1 November 2023 (UTC)

 * Today is the day. And it's not in the featured articles on the main page, sadly. HM2021 (talk) 14:28, 17 April 2024 (UTC)

Update lead.

Last sentence is now in wrong tense.

As of 2023...verbs now belong in past tense. 174.251.65.68 (talk) 21:29, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

@Shenejalil97 Shenejalil97 (talk) 13:40, 28 June 2024 (UTC)

Hello Shenejalil97 (talk) 13:40, 28 June 2024 (UTC)

Please, I want to talk to MGM Please do you have a channel on telegram?? Shenejalil97 (talk) 13:45, 28 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer


text:
Fort Salonga

Fort Salonga, also known as NYSDHP Unique Site No. A103-08-0036, is an archeological site in the vicinity of Fort Salonga, New York that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

It is the site of the Revolutionary War British Fort Salonga, or Fort Slongo, (named after one of the fort's architects – George Slongo ) once located near the border of Huntington Township and The Town of Smithtown, overlooking the Long Island Sound.

In an October 1781 skirmish between the British and Americans at the fort, Elijah Churchill, a soldier for the Continental Army, was wounded. He personally received a Badge of Military Merit from George Washington for his actions. The Badge became the Purple Heart and he is credited with being the first to receive the award.

title: Fort Salonga


text:
Bogdanovka concentration camp

The Bogdanovka concentration camp was a concentration camp for Jews that was established in Transnistria Governorate by the Romanian authorities during World War II as part of the Holocaust.

Location
Three concentration camps were situated near the villages of Bohdanivka, Voznesensk Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast, Domanovka and Prybuzhzhya on the Southern Bug river, in Golta district, Transnistria with Bogdanovka holding 54,000 people by the end of 1941. This is now in the Ukrainian Mykolaiv Oblast.

Massacres
In December 1941, a few cases of typhus, which is a disease spread by lice and fleas, broke out in the camp. A decision was made by the German adviser to the Romanian administration of the district, and the Romanian District Commissioner to murder all the inmates. The Aktion began on 21 December, and was carried out by Romanian soldiers, gendarmes, Ukrainian police, civilians from Golta, and local ethnic Germans under the commander of the Ukrainian regular police, Kazachievici. Thousands of disabled and ill inmates were forced into two locked stables, which were doused with kerosene and set ablaze, burning alive all those inside. Other inmates were led in groups to a ravine in a nearby forest and shot in their necks. The remaining Jews dug pits with their bare hands in the bitter cold, and packed them with frozen corpses. Thousands of Jews froze to death. A break was made for Christmas, but the killing resumed on 28 December. By 31 December, over 40,000 Jews had been killed.

title: Bogdanovka concentration camp


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tracer gun

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. Wikibofh 14:42, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Tracer gun
An article about "a toy gun used in the Hunter College High School game of Killer". [ edit ] 05:41, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN --Rogerd 05:49, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. Keep the cleaned up article. utcursch | talk 04:29, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I've heard about the game, although not by the same name. The players use fake weapons to kill their fellow players. The game moderator gives them their target and a time limit. I'd be happy to see this merged into an article about the game, if someone can track it down. - Mgm|(talk) 22:18, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but improve. I have heard of both the game and the toy (it is indeed a popular "weapon" for the game of killer, or was in my youth).  It is a common enough kind of toy that it should have its own article. You can find a picture of the toy here (beware pop-up ad) and here.  They are basically toy guns that shoot small plastic disks that fly frisbee-style. Crypticfirefly 03:36, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Furthermore, this page has been in existance for ONE DAY. It isn't utter nonsense, give it a chance to develop. Crypticfirefly 03:38, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please this article is only one day old and it is a real toy not something fake so we could keep it because it is verifiable and neutral too Yuckfoo 04:22, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, the rewrite needs some extra wikification and a fixed template, but other than that it looks fine. Can you add some references/sources to it? - Mgm|(talk) 05:09, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Doing what I can, but short of consulting a reference book on collectible toys it isn't easy. (Not available at the moment.) I'll admit that I started from memory, but the various pictures of these things for sale on eBay in their original packaging gave me some clues. Trying to get a picture. Crypticfirefly 02:15, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Hipocrite - « Talk » 14:20, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and look for a clearer picture. --  user:zanimum
 * Keep as this article has undergone a major rewrite with thanks to Crypticfirefly. [ edit ] 15:20, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Peridotite

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Graeme Bartlett (talk) 05:36, 14 September 2013 (UTC)

Peridot
What if any, is the relationship between peridot and peridotite? Are the names a coincidence?

I do not know for sure but would think that it has something to do with the high amount of olivine in both aforementioned substances.

Peridot, the gemstone is in fact, magnesium rich forsterite olivine. Fayalite, the iron olivine, is usually less green and transparent.Rolinator 12:14, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

Yes. Peridot is a gem variety of olivine, while peridotite is a rock composed chiefly of olivine. Peridot, being an olivine, is a mineral. Peridotite, being a rock, is a composition of minerals but composed chiefly of peridot or another olivine mineral. --Valich 03:39, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

Geology Project
I have added the Geology template as this article has a lot of geology information that hard to ignore. Solarapex 03:32, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

Potential for Carbon Storage
It has been recently discovered that Peridotite can turn CO2 in the air into harmless compounds like calcite at an astonishing rate. since this rock could potentially become a major topic of interest to environmental efforts, it might be a good idea to mention that. source: http://cleantechnica.com/2008/11/10/scientists-discover-rock-that-can-absorb-carbon-dioxide-emissions-directly-from-the-air/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.132.41.57 (talk) 01:50, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

Igneous or metamorphic rock
On 25 May 2016, User:Obradow changed the first sentence of this article from "Peridotite is a dense, coarse-grained igneous rock, consisting mostly of the minerals olivine and pyroxene" to "Peridotite is a dense, coarse-grained igneous rock or metamorphic rock, consisting mostly of the minerals olivine and pyroxene". This assertion about peridotite being a metamorphic rock is unsourced and, I believe, not the current general geological consensus about peridotite. Therefore, I have reverted User:Obradow's edit and I invite discussion on this talk page.

I think the consensus within geology is that peridotite is an igneous rock formed by igneous processes, although it may subsequently be altered/tectonised/metamorphosed to become metaperidotite (or meta-peridotite), a metamorphic rock. I think when some geologists refer to metaperidotites as peridotites they are being inaccurate. (They also do this with other metamorphosed igneous rocks. For example, I think all, or almost all, komatiites are actually metakomatiites but they are often described as komatiites. Similarly, metamorphosed basalts are really metabasalts but they are often described as basalts). I suggest that this shorthand habit of some geologists of inaccurately using igneous rocks names for both the unaltered igneous protolith and the metamophosed rock can confuse anybody who is not an igneous petrologist and this should be avoided on Wikipedia. I welcome comments about this. GeoWriter (talk) 20:27, 27 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Most peridotites are also tectonites and have been subject to dynamic metamorphism, but they were at some point rocks that crystallised from a liquid and are, therefore in my view, igneous. This article could usefully have something about the deformation state of most peridotites and the implications of the observed fabrics (mantle flow, seismic anisotropy). Mikenorton (talk) 21:45, 27 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Hi GeoWriter, thanks for initiating discussion.→In Anthony Hall book, Igneous Petrology (1987) there is following paragraph: " Ultramafic rocks are of several types. Some have crystallized directly from an ultramafic magma (for example komatiites), but most have not crystallized from magma of their own composition. Large plutonic bodies of ultramafic occur in following asociations:1. as layers in layered basic complexes, e.g Stillwater, Bushveld;2 as ultramafic stocks of "appinitic" or "Alaskan" type, e.g Appin, Duke Island; 3 as components of basic alkaline complexes,e.g. Fen, Palbora;4 as ultramafic intrusions showing definitive as evidence of intrusion as ultramafic magma, e.g. Norde Bumanndsfjord; and 5 the majority of peridotites and serpenetinites are distributed throughout orogenic belts, and do not show such clear evidence of their magmatic  parentage."→ the texture of upper mantle peridoties, we can sample of earth surface, is metamorphic→ mantle melting is metamorphic proccess. This is just short answer in lack of time. I will write more as soon as possible.Mantle peridoties are special rocks.I will look up IUGS classification. My intention is not to confuse but to clarify. Cheers! Obradow (talk) 23:08, 27 May 2016 (UTC)
 * How to identify rock when somebody gives you piece of stone? Just with naked eye. First thing you look is the texture, they are so clearly sedimentary, metamorphic or igneous. There are many instances where when you are not expert it could be difficult to say, for example it is not so clear sometimes if massive amphibolite, is igneous or methamorphic. Plutonic rocks and some high grade methamorphic rocks have granular texture, and it could be difficult to tell apart. Some high grade methamorphic rocks are partially melted, in the field we can find both of them intermingled at same outcrop.Peridotites are tricky as well. They are rocks made by diverse processes, some are typical igeneous rocks, volcanic rocks but also plutonic cumulates. The earth’s upper mantle is made of peridotites, mainly formed from by crystallization from magma ocean. This ocean existed when the whole earth was molten, at the same time or after the core separation. I need to find references, and because I am interested I will do so.  Ok that is igneous process. But after that in long earth history, these rocks are changed, it is solid stuff moving around under high T and P, under the MOHO, it recrystallises, it is not always only tectonite…. Only sometimes these rocks come on earth surface.I was always more interested in processes of rock formation rather in simple classification.But lets consult classification. In the book which has subtitle classification, textures, microstructures and mineral preferred orientation on the page 37 is written: mantle rocks are clearly methamorphic in character (e.g. Nicolas and Violette, 1982) . The mantle peridoties are indeed metamorphic rocks.Obradow (talk) 10:01, 28 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Sorry Mikenorton I just realized that you suggested that I wait with changes until discussion is ended, simultaneously I was making additional changes. Ok I will waitObradow (talk) 10:52, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

 * My understanding of the quote from Hall (1987), "the majority of peridotites and serpentinites are distributed throughout orogenic belts, and do not show such clear evidence of their magmatic parentage" is that he is referring to metaperidotites in the loose/lazy/imprecise shorthand way of some authors that I described earlier, not the original igneous peridotites. The process of transporting the igneous peridotites from deep within the mantle to outcrops at the surface of the Earth has transformed the igneous rock into metamorphic metaperidotite and the metamorphic processes during orogenic emplacement or ophiolite obduction etc. have obscured an originally igneous texture. Peridotite mantle xenoliths erupted in lava at volcanoes, e.g. in Hawaii and Lanzarote, clearly show igneous textures and mineralogy, I suppose because these peridotites where uplifted too quickly for metamorphic mineral composition change processes to act on the xenoliths, which would also have been protected from dynamic tectonisation texture change processes by being enclosed within protective molten magma. I think it is very significant that Hall wrote "do not show such clear evidence of their magmatic  parentage" (my bold emphasis of "their"). To me, this strongly suggests that Hall acknowledges that peridotites are igneous rocks but they may then be altered to metaperidotite, consistent with the geological consensus. If Hall had instead written "do not show such clear evidence of magmatic parentage" (that is, if he omitted the word "their"), he would then have been describing a different scenario in which peridotites may be truly metamorphic, even in the mantle before uplift to the surface. GeoWriter (talk) 11:11, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

 * If partial melting were to be regarded as a metamorphic process rather than an igneous process, that would perhaps call into question the existence of all igneous rocks and we would have bigger issues in geology and Wikipedia than just the nature of peridotites. GeoWriter (talk) 11:16, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Before entering in discussion further, here is direct undoubted quote : mantle rocks are clearly methamorphic in character (e.g. Nicolas and Violette, 1982) Obradow (talk) 11:35, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Some definitions of peridotite:
 * Glossary of Geology, edited by Neuendorf et al., published by American Geological Institute (2005), page 482:
 * "a) in the IUGS classification "a plutonic rock with M equal to or greater than 90 and ol/(ol+opx+cpx) greater than 40.
 * b) a general term for a coarse-grained plutonic rock composed chiefly of olivine, with or without other mafic minerals such as pyroxenes, amphiboles, or micas, and containing little or no feldspar."
 * Igneous Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terms, 2nd edition, edited by Le Maitre (2002), page 126:
 * "a collective term for ultramafic rocks consisting essentially of olivine with pyroxene and/or amphibole. Now defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification".
 * British Geological Survey Rock Classification Scheme http://www.bgs.ac.uk/bgsrcs/rcs_details.cfm?code=PDT :
 * "Coarse-grained, av. between 2-16mm normal crystalline intrusive rock; CI M>90%; olivine >40%, pyroxene <60%, hornblende <60% of Ol+Px+Hb"

 * GeoWriter (talk) 12:05, 28 May 2016 (UTC)
 * We are making here glossary of terms, based on current knowledge. It might me not generally known but the life work of professor Nicolas is there. Time will come when glossary of terms and British geological survey get this. Hall indeed wrote this sentence unclear because it is not so clear. if you had a book and read the chapter maybe it would be more clear to you. But to clarify when we speak about metamorphic processes in upper mantle we are not talking about processes of metamorphism during emplacement although they happen as well. The nature is tricky and sometimes difficult to put in words, so indeed all liquids which form during partial melting will later form igneous rocks, in process of partial melting, which is metamorphic and igneous process. It is both. So it can lead to ironical conclusion that all igneous rocks are metamorphic. That is not the point. The point is that we have to distinguish between crustal and mantle processes. For me geology is not about names but about processes. Obradow (talk) 12:46, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

User:Obradow, in response to your comment, "We are making here glossary of terms, based on current knowledge. It might be not generally known but the life work of professor Nicolas is there. Time will come when glossary of terms and British geological survey get this.", may I remind you of a few things about Wikipedia. Wikipedia follows current consensus. Wikipedia does not aim to lead to a new consensus. The current consensus in geology is that peridotite is an ultramafic plutonic igneous rock (and metaperidotite is its metamorphosed equivalent). Earlier, you gave me the impression that the IUGS's definition of peridotite was worth finding, but now that I have quoted the IUGS definition here, it seems to have lost its importance to you. In future, through debate in academia not on Wikipedia, Nicolas, Violette, you and others may eventually prove to the geological community (e.g. IUGS, AGI and BGS etc.) that peridotite is a metamorphic rock but, currently, the metamorphic origin of peridotite (as opposed to metaperidotite derived from altered igneous peridotite) is a minority view that strongly conflicts with the current consensus. GeoWriter (talk) 16:46, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

 * No sorry truth is maybe different. I thank you for 10 years on wikipedia!!!! But this is talk page, there is no need for this tone.  I am allowed to write here and ask questions and my give my opinion.  Is  wiki  different from wikipedia? I think that guy who invented and made first wiki had something else in mind, it is place to find clues the place where ideas are born..... Metamorphic origin in peridotite community is not disputed. I was maybe not able to transfer in our communication, well the whole geologist community isn’t, and I think that is problem. So I am here to be part of your community. There will be sooner or later somebody who know more about that and this will be clarified by time. And I am here to stay.  But there is no need for high tone it can stay that peridotite is coarse grained igneous rock but it is not. It needs better definition. I am trying to formulate that that is all. I know you are doing difficult job here and you dont have time to check all this. But I have. Btw please do not put me in any group I am just having an idea that things could be done differently. Cheers!  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Obradow (talk • contribs) 17:45, 28 May 2016 (UTC) Obradow (talk) 17:50, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

The definitions of peridotite that I have quoted on this talk page are all more recent than at least the early work of Nicolas, but his opinion seems to have been ignored by these definitions. If peridotite is to be regarded as a metamorphic rock, even when in the mantle before any later metamorphism may occur during emplacement to the surface, then why is this metamorphic origin not included in the definitions that I have quoted on this talk page, which define peridotite as igneous only? Why has Nicolas been unable to persuade defining groups such as IUGS, AGI or BGS to accept peridotite as a metamorphic rock? GeoWriter (talk) 18:04, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

i don't know lets find outObradow (talk) 18:09, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

 * ok it seems that I was studying peridotites very long time without checking IUGS classification. GeoWriter has right in that. These rocks have structures which are metamorphic though, I really didnt want to make so much trouble about name itself. I will try to make changes on this wiki regarding this. Anyway  I will make a sandbox in future when I am editing this wiki, so until soon then. Cheers!Obradow (talk) 13:24, 2 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I am sorry that I was rude, that I rushed so much and that I did not introduce myself with many things for example NPOV. I had good intentions but was very clumsy. I gave reliable sources though. I am happy to discuss further. I will answer all questions [GeoWriter] asked again, following the things I learned in last few days. Thank youObradow (talk) 12:33, 3 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I want to apologize to user:GeoWriter for the way I answered his questions. I hope that I can provide now better answer after introducing myself more into problem. I think lot of confusion comes from my inability to answer to his questions properly. Indeed peridotite is igneous rock as classified by IUGS, and I agree that igneous rocks which experienced initial low grade metamorphism but essentially retain their igneous textures should not have prefix meta in order not to confuse readers on wikipedia as user:GeoWriter  suggested. When I added that peridotite can be also metamorphic I had in mind something else. When we are dealing with plutonic cumulate peridotite it is clear that they are igneous rocks, however most mantle peridotites have metamorphic textures. These textures are first time described by Mercier and Nicolas, 1975. I think this is generally accepted, since the authors who are describing mantle peridotites are using their terminology (protogranular, porphyroclastic and equigranular) and there is no opposite opinion to my knowledge. What I just have recently learned is that there were no recommendations on metamorphic rock nomenclature equivalent to those from the IUGS subcommittee on igneous rocks. At least until 1995. Namely, David Shelley in his book Igneous and Metamorphic rocks under the microscope states that. Inspired by hierarchical flow chart system of identification for igneous rocks (Le Maitre, 1989), he proposed series of steps for metamorphic rock identification. He classified peridotite in the group of well crystallized and recrystallized rocks. Here is exact quote: “To many readers, peridotites may seem out of place here. Are they not igneous? Some are, but majority are thoroughly metamorphic, having undergone prolonged deformation and recrystallization. Their terminology is the same for metamorphic and igneous varieties”. I am not aware if he officially wrote to International Union of Geological Sciences and how these proposals are actually made or what happened since 1995. This is worth checking. But even before checking it I hope I could convince user:GeoWriter that my assertion about peridotite being also metamorphic rock is sourced. I am not aware that there were discussion about peridotite not being metamorphic and that consensus were made not to call the peridotite metamorphic rock or to call them metaperidotite. The IUGS classification and all other references user: GeoWriter provided are correct indeed because they are classifications and definitions of igneous rocks and peridotite is indeed igneous rock. There is no dispute about that. The question is could it be also metamorphic and then if there is  consensus how to call them. Additionally, having in mind that partial melting is highest grade metamorphic process that crustal rocks can experience I thought that in that respect mantle partial melting residuum could be called metamorphic.user:GeoWriter  has right  that International Union of Geological Sciences should have a last word about this questions. I have just  found 2007 recommendations by IUGS Subcommission on Systematics of Metamorphic rocks. I will look into it and get back as soon as possible. I am sorry that I haven’t looked into this before.Obradow (talk) 10:55, 16 June 2016 (UTC)
 * here are recommendations by IUGS Subcommission on Systematics of Metamorphic rocks which I found as external link on article about metamorphism(since I dont have access to original manuscript, I would appreciate if somebody could check original): "Use of ‘metamorphic/igneous’ ultramafic terms :Ultramafic rocks containing olivine, and/or pyroxene and/or hornblende such as peridotite, harzburgite, lherzolite, wehrlite, websterite, pyroxenite and hornblendite may be formed by either metamorphic or by igneous processes and therefore fall in the common ground between metamorphic and igneous terminology. The SCMR recommends that for these rocks the definitions, based on mineral content, as given by Le Maitre (1989, 2002) should be used. These definitions are adopted without any implication to the rock genesis. When garnet or other major or minor minerals are present they should be indicated by the appropriate prefix. If it is desirable to emphasise the metamorphic nature of one of these ultramafic rocks then this should be specifically stated. Alternatively, a structural root name may be given (e.g. pyroxene-olivine gneiss, ultramafic garnet-pyroxene granofels). Note: under the SCMR rules, terms such as metaperidotite imply that the protolith was a peridotite, and do not make any statement about the present mineral content or structure of the rock." I want to apologize once more for the way I was discussing on this talk page.Obradow (talk) 11:40, 16 June 2016 (UTC)

Critic of first paragraph
Peridotite is not a rock it is group of diverse rocks. It is certainly not always coarse grained. It can be igneous( both volcanic and plutonic) crustal rock or of mantle origin. So I suggest change : Peridotite is group of diverse rocks of ultramafic composition. In its composition is more similar to some meteorites then the rocks of earth crust, it is characterised with higher amount of Mg and lower Si than average continental crust and even oceanic crust. Volcanic rocks of these composition erupted only in early earth history. Obradow (talk) 11:11, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Presumably you are referring to komatiites? I don't see them anywhere being regarded as peridotites any more than basalts are gabbros or rhyolites are granites. We should define peridotites as they are defined in the literature. If you have a source that gives an alternative definition, then it would be good to see that. Mikenorton (talk) 10:19, 29 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I apologize that was my very sloppy mistake. Thank you! It is huge disgrace I will live with. This is the example why classifications are needed. We should be clear what we are speaking about....Obradow (talk) 20:53, 29 May 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Peridotite


text:
Category talk:People of Tamil Nadu

Tamilian categories
Shouldn't the categories Tamil people and People of Tamil Nadu be clubbed? As of now, the former is more popular; the latter has very few articles and the title too is on the longer side. -- Gurubrahma 23:26, 25 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  05:43, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with a rider that the former should be retained as that is more meaningful and is more inclusive of the latter than the other way. -- Sundar \talk \contribs 06:33, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd wait for further comments till 15th Oct and merge the categories with People of Tamilnadu serving as a re-direct. Thanks a ton for your comments so far. --Gurubrahma 07:47, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

(Discussion from WP:INWNB)--Gurubrahma 05:43, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:People of Tamil Nadu


text:
Bumstead Records

Bumstead Records was a small record label in Edmonton, Alberta, founded by Larry Wanagas in 1979 and run primarily out of the Edmonton recording studio Homestead Recorders. Wanagas launched k.d. lang's career and continued for 15 years as her label and management company, with many tours, multi-platinum sales, accolades and awards.

Bumstead's management arm, Bumstead Productions Ltd. represented a number of successful artists including Susan Aglukark, Big Sugar, The Blue Shadows (featuring Billy Cowsill), BOY, Erasure (North America), Colin James, Emma-Lee, Madeleine Peyroux, The Modern Minds (featuring Moe Berg), Staggered Crossing, John Ford, Peter Elkas, The East Pointers, Tim Chaisson, Two Hours Traffic, The Lazys, Poor Young Things, Yukon Blonde and The Trews.

Wanagas, who co-founded the Alberta Recording Industry Association and was presented with the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Music Managers Forum in 2012, announced his retirement in 2017.

Discography

 * The Modern Minds - Theresa's World, 1980
 * k.d. lang - Friday Dance Promenade, 1983
 * k.d. lang and The Reclines - Live Tape-Cover Songs, 1984
 * k.d. lang and The Reclines - A Truly Western Experience, 1984, 1986, 1991, 2010
 * Colin James – Hook, Line And Single ("Five Long Years" / "Why'd You Lie"?), 1986
 * k.d. lang and The Reclines - K.d. Lang And The Reclines With The Edmonton Symphony Nov 9/85, 1987
 * Glen Stace - Buddhahotel, 1991
 * Glen Stace - Three To Get Ready...Four To Go, 1991
 * Glen Stace - Road To Damascus, 1992
 * Monarch Brothers - Superstar, 1999
 * The Trews - The Trews, 2002
 * The Trews - House of Ill Fame, 2003
 * Boy - Boy, 2003
 * The Trews - Every Inambition, 2004
 * Rocketface - Rocketface, 2005
 * The Trews - Den Of Thieves, 2007
 * The Trews - Out of the Past, Into the Dark, 2007
 * Two Hours Traffic - Little Jabs, 2007
 * The Trews - No Time For Later, 2008
 * The Trews - Acoustic: Friends & Total Strangers, 2009
 * Two Hours Traffic - Territory, 2009
 * The Trews - Highway Of Heroes, 2010
 * The Trews - Hope & Ruin, 2011
 * The Trews - Misery Loves Company, 2011
 * The Trews - Thank You and I'm Sorry, 2012
 * Two Hours Traffic - Siren Spell, 2012
 * Two Hours Traffic - Foolish Blood, 2013
 * The Blue Shadows - On The Floor Of Heaven, 2010 (first released by Columbia Records 1993)
 * Yukon Blonde - Yukon Blonde, 2010
 * Poor Young Things - Let It Sleep, 2011
 * Tim Chaisson - The Other Side, 2012
 * Poor Young Things - The Heart. The Head. The End., 2013

title: Bumstead Records


text:
Category talk:Tamil people

Tamilian categories
Shouldn't the categories Tamil people and People of Tamil Nadu be clubbed? As of now, the former is more popular; the latter has very few articles and the title too is on the longer side. -- Gurubrahma 23:26, 25 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  05:43, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with a rider that the former should be retained as that is more meaningful and is more inclusive of the latter than the other way. -- Sundar \talk \contribs 06:33, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd wait for further comments till 15th Oct and merge the categories with People of Tamilnadu serving as a re-direct. Thanks a ton for your comments so far. --Gurubrahma 07:47, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

(Discussion from WP:INWNB)--Gurubrahma 05:44, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Vidya Balan
vidya balan should be removed from tamil people list. she is from kerala, neighbouring state of tamil nadu. (Nubin_wiki 18:45, 9 September 2007 (UTC))

title: Category talk:Tamil people


text:
Talk:Missile Command

Politics
Someone needs to talk about how this game is a political statement reflecting the climate of the time! And how it included morse code on the title screen saying 'dodge the draft'! and all that jazz!
 * I assume that's a joke, but the political background to this game is definitely an interesting topic. 2fort5r (talk) 16:58, 17 August 2009 (UTC)

Influence
Wasn't this game also referenced in "War Games?" (The book, at least . . . although I believe it was on screen as well)?

If so, this is a key reference, as the theme mirrors that of the movie. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 155.35.248.111 (talk • contribs) 05:46, 6 October 2005 (UTC).

 * At least Galaga was on War Games (the movie). :) I do not remember Missile Command.

 * Pinpoint barrier of SDF-1 Macross can also been influenced by this game, but this info would need some reference.

 * -- Talamus 00:09, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

VCS?
An anon user added this information:
 * There are several differences between the arcade version and the VCS-version. The arcade version included also random attacks by single satellites and bombers, both featuring MIRV-weapons, which were not included in the VCS-version. Another interesting difference between the arcade game and the VCS-version is the impact of the missiles. In the arcade game the warhead goes up above the target in a fireball (an airburst) obliterating the city below. In the VCS-version the warhead impacts (groundburst) and creates a typical atomic mushroom cloud with a crater.

While the information may be accurate, I have no idea what a "VCS" is and the user included no wikilink or--better--the expanded term from which the acronym was derived. This is beside the point, however. The information, if it is even encyclopedic, should go in the ports section, not the main body of the article as it was. I have no objection if the information is re-added to the article, as long as it is in the correct section and the term "VCS" is explained or, at the very least, wikilinked. — Frecklefoot | Talk 16:07, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

 * For the record, VCS :: Atari VCS :: Atari 2600. D. Brodale (talk) 08:54, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Computer Version
A while ago, Atari released a computer version of Missile Command, with better graphics (not as nice as the Xbox 360 graphics though). It contains Missile Command Classic, Missile Command Utimate, and a multilplayer version. There is no mention here however. Why am I the only person who's mentioned it? ~The Little Green Man from Mars(My Page)(Where do I live?) 14:45, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * You're not, its already listed in the ports area. --Marty Goldberg 16:46, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Oops, didn't notice that. Sorry to cause trouble. ~The Little Green Man from Mars(My Page)(Where do I live?) 18:13, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Okay, now what?
Why remove "The message seems clear"? Denimadept 02:14, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

In Popular Culture
This seems like a straight-forward "trivia" section. Shall we just delete the whole thing? - Denimadept (talk) 19:05, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

 * No, we have guidelines for the Pop culture sections in video game articles. The Terminator one doesn't meet standards, but the other two do and just need citations. --Marty Goldberg (talk) 02:17, 11 October 2008 (UTC)

Why doesn't the Terminator reference meet the requirements? Terminator is about Skynet launching nuclear missiles to destroy the earth, Missile Command is about protecting the earth from said missiles, John Connor, the lead character in terminator is playing Missle Command. It's relevant. Ludeking (talk) 09:32, 2 May 2009 (UTC)

Missile Command features in the 2016 novel The Nix by Nathan Hill but the author incorrectly says the game says “Game Over” instead of “The End”. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Booklung (talk • contribs) 21:33, 27 July 2018 (UTC)

Abbreviation
I see there's a dispute about the abbreviation Atari, Inc.. Given that it repeats the title of the article, that talk page, Talk:Atari, Inc., would be the place to object to it, and at whichever MoS page governs that kind of thing. But in any event, the reverting without discussion isn't a good idea. :) Cheers, SlimVirgin  talk| contribs 19:24, 26 June 2010 (UTC)

Commercial
Guys I remember a television commercial for the arcade version where a hotel doorman was waiting for a chance to take a break so he could play it. He sneaks away, gets on the machine, and proceeds to play it on an almost inhuman skill level. It just blew me away because I had never seen anyone play it like that before, it's hard to remember but I think he just threw the trackball with one deft motion and littered the sky with targets. If I can find a link to the commercial I'll link it at the bottom, unless someone beats me to it. Hanz ofbyotch (talk) 19:05, 24 September 2010 (UTC)

Massive coverage in April 2011 issue of Retro Gamer
Just to let everyone know that Missile Command received massive coverage in the April 2011 issue of Retro Gamer, including a retrospective, a "making of", coverage on clones, and stuff from the current Twin Galaxies-certified world record holder. –MuZemike 17:10, 1 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes, I helped out with it. The feature is great because it's the first time in a long time that Dave Theurer acquiesced to an interview.  Also have an article in there on the Fairchild Channel F.  --Marty Goldberg (talk) 19:42, 1 May 2011 (UTC)

Background
just added a section titled Background, but there is no evidence that the creators of Missile Command were influenced by the program mentioned there or not. There's not even any evidence that it garnered significant media attention so the creators would have plausibly heard about it. A simple couldn't convey the need for relevance. Any verifiable reference for the connection between the two? — Frεcklεfσσt | Talk 19:55, 4 March 2014 (UTC)

 * I agree. I've removed it, but would not object to it being added if there is text, supported by a reference, that indicates the connection to the game. TJRC (talk) 23:41, 4 March 2014 (UTC)

Background?
A "Background" section was removed as original (uncited) research. I am posting it here in case there is a source linking it to this game?

"The 1962 Starfish Prime and Operation Dominic missile tests illustrated the possibility of intercepting ballistic missiles by setting off nuclear explosions in space. The Safeguard Program was developed with the intention of using missiles such as the LIM-49 Spartan in the United States national missile defense to intercept incoming nuclear weapons, with brief deployment in 1975-1976." Candleabracadabra (talk) 04:53, 20 March 2014 (UTC)

Source for identity of six cities
I went to the page looking for the source for the fact that the six cities were supposed to be the six major cities on the California coast, and I discovered the citation given is a Wiki article on a strategy wiki. Google turns up this news story from Polygon which I think would be much better.

- Robin Z (talk) 14:41, 5 June 2014 (UTC)

 * You are correct, Wikis are never considered valid references here. Replaced with the reference you provided. --Marty Goldberg (talk) 15:15, 5 June 2014 (UTC)

Guy Schultz
This was added by User:Guy Schultz. I removed it for two reasons: there is a WP:COI with the user who broke the score adding his own record to the page; and the record is not verifiable, the given source "KATU CHANNEL 2 NEWS" is not sufficient information for any kind of verification. -- Green  C  17:42, 6 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Missile Command. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111006200323/http://forums.twingalaxies.com/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=23940 to http://forums.twingalaxies.com/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=23940

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:33, 9 January 2018 (UTC)

For the "In popular culture" or "Ports" section perhaps
A version of Missile Command was made some time in the 1980s for and on the Xerox Alto "WYSIWYG" computer by the later very prominent Apple Inc programmer and finally even senior vice president of software engineering at Apple (from 1997 to 2003) - Avadis Tevanian. Video of this game in working use on a modern day restored Alto with on screen in game programmed credits to Avadis Tevanian can be found in a video called "Xerox Alto Restoration Part 17 - Xerox Alto Demo"

(The Xerox Alto was the main predecessor to all modern PC's which featured almost all the modern-day software and hardware implementations (ethernet, mouse, more graphics, wysiwyg interaction with windows and buttons).

A few details
I added a link to the disassembly and analysis page (https://6502disassembly.com/va-missile-command/). A few related notes: Fadden0 (talk) 18:42, 2 December 2021 (UTC)
 * The various gameplay bugs were fixed in the 3rd ROM release. It's unclear to me how far this release propagated, since all of the world-record games rely on them, but it's the default configuration in MAME.
 * The mid-game speedup happens on wave 102.
 * The original source code is now available here: https://github.com/historicalsource/missile-command

title: Talk:Missile Command


text:
Equipment trust certificate

An equipment trust certificate (ETC) is a financial security used in aircraft finance, most commonly to take advantage of tax benefits in North America.

Details
In a typical ETC transaction, a "trust certificate" is sold to investors in order to finance the purchase of an aircraft by a trust managed on the investors' behalf. The trust then leases the aircraft to an airline, and the trustee routes payments through the trust to the investors. Upon maturity of the note, the airline receives title to the aircraft. See Pass-through certificate.

The lease is not a "true" lease because the airline receives title at the end. Therefore, ETCs are a form of secured debt financing similar to a mortgage. Because the aircraft is not owned by the airline until maturity, the aircraft is not considered airline property for the purposes of bankruptcy; however, alternative forms of financing such as mortgage and securitization lead to the same result, making this a relatively minor advantage in comparison to the tax benefits.

An Enhanced ETC, also known as a Double-E TC, is similar to a conventional ETC except that the security has been divided into two or more classes of securities, each with different payment priorities and asset claims. The more senior certificates (those with highest priority) have a higher credit rating and may obtain an investment grade rating for the particular issue. EETCs issues are similar to securitization transactions in that ownership remains with a separate trust rather than the operator, which has different tax implications.

title: Equipment trust certificate


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Coolcat, Davenbelle and Stereotek/mentorship

This page is intended for mentors and Cool Cat to communicate. Please help to keep it uncluttered by using the talk page for other communications related to this mentorship.

Mentors

 * (Mark Ryan)

Issues

 * Mentors and Cool Cat can raise a new issue here by starting a new subsection

Arbitrator clarification on remedies
The arbitrators have made the following comments when asked to clarify the decision:
 * James F on Mediation:
 * On the first point, it refers to mediation, not Mediation. Cool Cat is prohibited from acting as an informal mediator. If the Mediation Committee is satisfied that he is sufficiently able to mediate that he can Mediate, if you see what I mean, then we defer to their judgement on that. James F. (talk) 11:13, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Fred Bauder on Mediation and on Refactoring:
 * Regarding mediation: you can take some classes in mediation, workshops, practice mediation outside the context of Wikipedia; get good at it. Learn how to do it well first, then approach the mediation committee. What you cannot do is set yourself up as The mediator with respect to an article when the other editors have neither asked nor accepted you as a mediator. Fred Bauder 12:28, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Regarding refactoring: voting in a poll is not refactoring. Other actions ought to be interpreted in light of the purpose of the restriction, avoiding re-arranging of talk pages to the point where by what you do you make others comments incomprehensible. Basically, don't move other folks' comments around. Fred Bauder 12:28, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Davenbelle's complaint about a personal attack
Cool Cat has place an edit that appears to be a crude personal attack on Davenbelle, Fadix and co:

 * User_talk:Coolcat/User_History 02:46, 15 October 2005: (new diff) "Note: I haven't been making major edits for quite some time. I do not intend to do so for quite a while since several disturbed individuals have been actively annoying me. I am instead focusing on coding my vandal detection bot and managing the Counter Vandalism Unit. As User:RickK suggested Vandals, trolls and malactors are given respect, whereas those who are here to actually create an encyclopedia, and to do meaningful work, are slapped in the face and not given the support needed to do the work they need to do."

I've removed it for now. I'd like to ask Cool Cat to explain what he meant by the edit. I'm also asking the other mentors to review my actions and add their comments. --Tony Sidaway Talk 06:42, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It's the "disturbed individuals"-bit that's causing problems. If Cool Cat could reword it without the attack, there'd be no problem. So pending such a change, I support removal. Does this warrant some sort of penalty? - Mgm|(talk) 08:30, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I think we're probably all agreed that the language was grossly inappropriate, whatever the motivation. I'm inclined to take a broad view of the mentorship; we're here to ensure that Cool Cat is able to work with the Wikipedia community in a productive way, and he will not be able to do that if he lashes out like this.  Cool Cat cannot use the mentorship as a shelter from which to get back at those whom he views as his enemies.
 * A warning should be issued, I think, and displayed at the top of this mentorship page for as long we think it necessary. Further violations of No personal attacks are likely to result in penalties.  Leave it at that for now, I'd say.
 * I agree with your view that it's the use of language that is the problem. Cool Cat should be able to express his frustration at feeling that he has been hounded--arbcom agreed with him on that.  But he shouldn't refer to those who hounded him in derogatory terms such as "disturbed individuals". --Tony Sidaway Talk  08:45, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This is exactly what I am complaining about. Vandals are given respect (or likely this is a misunderstanding) :(. I will replace the word with another as you ask tho. I still think that statement "disturbed" was light in describing Marmots contributions. --Cool Cat Talk 10:16, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not happy with this response. You've restored the offending wording, and I'm pretty sure everybody thinks you're being disingenuous by saying you were referring to MARMOT.  No matter what you may have meant, it looks like you were attacking, and are still attacking, Davenbelle and co, but now doing so in an underhand way.  So as to allay such nasty suspicions, please just remove the attack altogether. --Tony Sidaway Talk  10:26, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Alternative wording
I have negotiated an alternative wording with Cool Cat. It goes into more detail and, while it does criticise some named individuals for their actions that were determined by the arbitration committee to be a breach of civility, dwells largely on the consequences of this activity for Cool Cat, and does not in my opinion come close to being a personal attack. Subject to the agreement of the other mentors, I'm happy with it.

Cool Cat is not on personal attack parole; his behavior in this regard was not singled out by arbcom in the recently concluded case. I'm still considering the appropriateness of placing a personal attack warning to Cool Cat on this page, and invite the comments of my fellow mentors on this. --Tony Sidaway Talk 11:01, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Looks all right. While I was the first to suggest it, I'm leaning towards not blocking Cool Cat right now. Apparently Davenbelle still isn't letting others keeping an eye on Cool Cat as determined in the Arbcom decision. - Mgm|(talk) 20:37, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

I think Cool Cat is okay with the fact that he is allowed to criticise people for actions that are not in the interests of Wikipedia, as long as he doesn't step over the line of personal abuse.

We're not arbitrators, but we should use commonsense in distinguishing reasonable complaints from unreasonable ones. We have to balance the current involvement of Davenbelle with the fact that Cool Cat's edit would undoubtedly have been interpreted by nearly everyone familiar with the arbitration case as a personal attack on him. He wasn't intruding in any way, in my opinion, but rather responding to the provocation in an appropriate manner, by taking it to the mentors instead of letting it fester. It's what we're here for. Had he made a fuss about an edit by Cool Cat on the Turkey article, say, that would probably have been inappropriate in my opinion as a fellow editor, but we're not arbitrators, nor are we Davenbelle's mentors, and it isn't for us to tell him what he can and cannot do. --Tony Sidaway Talk 21:16, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Clarification on Davenbelle and CoolCat?

 * Copied from Requests for arbitration (now archived)

 * ,, and are counseled to let other editors and administrators take the lead in monitoring . If subsequent proceedings which involve Cool Cat show that he has been hounded by them, substantial penalties may be imposed.

To me it would seem like opposing an RFA for Cool Cat within ten minutes of its creation and notice on Cool Cat's page, is ... well, somewhat hounding behavior. I think it would be obvious to most that Cool Cat would turn down the RFA, and that if he didn't he wouldn't come near passing at this time. The impression Davenbelle's action gave me is that he was just looking for a chance to give Cool Cat another kick. Regardless of his intentions I think he should avoid giving such an impression. Is this acceptable behavior in light of the Arbcom decision? --Gmaxwell 17:48, 23 October 2005 (UTC)
 * May I state though that Fadix never opposed, but Davenbelle and Karl Meier (a.k.a. Stereotek) did, and pretty damn fast too. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:08, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I have already commented on this. (also) — Davenbelle 11:54, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Davenbelle and Karl Meier need to realise it's a really, really big wide Wikipedia out there and spend time on the bits that don't have Cool Cat on them. I realise it's difficult to let go of a long-standing obsession, but doing so is necessary to not ending up at RFAr over the matter again. It's not clear what part of "let off with a caution" is ambiguous to them - David Gerard 10:52, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

Cool Cat seven day ban from Kurdistan and Kurdistan Workers Party
Cool Cat is banned from editing the abovementioned two articles from 1000 UTC December 5, 2005 to 1000 UTC December 12, 2005. The ban is enforceable by blocking by any administrator, subject to review and possible adjustment or annulment by the mentors, under the terms of the Mentorship set up by the Arbitration Committee:
 * Requests_for_arbitration/Coolcat%2C_Davenbelle_and_Stereotek/mentorship

This is not a punishment, but is a preventive measure taken to prevent possible further disruption on those articles due to his actions or those of third parties. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 10:15, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

Warning to Cool Cat about Breach of arbitration remedy
This notice has been placed on Cool Cat's talk page by me:

 * Your edit in this diff shows that you have breached the arbitration decision by restructuring a talk page (remedy 4, "Coolcat prohibited from restructuring"). I've asked the person reporting this to notify the breach on WP:AN/I where action may be taken, including a block.  If you persist, you will certainly be blocked, possibly by me.  If things get out of hand I will completely ban you from editing the article and its talk page.

 * Please reconsider your obstructive and hostile approach toward others in the discussion on this page. I am patient, but I won't suffer any nonsense.  --Tony Sidaway 19:03, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

--Tony Sidaway 19:12, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

Cool Cat banned from kurd-related edits--RESCINDED pending further discussion
I have banned Cool Cat from editing, creating or nominating for deletion any articles, templates or categories related to the kurds . This is for an initial seven day period, to be extended indefinitely subject to the agreement of the other two mentors. --Tony Sidaway 05:11, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Rescinded pending further discussion . --Tony Sidaway 15:18, 9 May 2006 (UTC)


text:
Naimatullah Khan

Naimatullah Khan (1 October 1930 – 25 February 2020) was a Pakistani politician who served as the City Nazim (Mayor) of Karachi from August 2001 to June 2005.

Early life and career
He was born to Abdul Shakoor Khan on October 1st, 1930. He was an ethnic Muhajir of Pashtun descent, born into the Rohilla Branch of the Yusufzai tribe. He was also related to the Bangash Nawabs of Farrukhabad. He graduated from Punjab University with a Masters in Journalism and a Law Degree from Karachi University. He was a lawyer by profession. He was the chairman of the biggest NGO of Pakistan, Alkhidmat Foundation. As Mayor of Karachi, in 2005, he was selected to be a contesting candidate in the Top-20 Mayors of the World list.

Mayor of Karachi
He was the first Nāzim of Karachi after the devolution plan under President Pervez Musharraf regime in Pakistan. He belonged to Jamaat-e-Islami being inspired by the thoughts of Abul A'la Maududi and Naeem Siddiqui. Naimatullah Khan was elected City Nazim (Mayor) in 2001. Naimatullah Khan succeeded in getting an amount of Rs. 2900 Million for reconstruction of Karachi, city council approved various projects such as 18 flyovers over major roads, six underpasses, two signal-free roads and a huge water supply scheme for the people of Karachi. It was for the first time in the history of Karachi that all the stake holders in Karachi were incorporated for the developmental work in Karachi. The Karachi development plan comprised signal-free main roads, many fly overs, underpasses and the replacement of many water and sewerage lines. One of his projects, as the city mayor, was the Green Line Bus Project for Karachi where he imported buses from Sweden.

Another publicly well-admired idea that he introduced was to involve local boys from the villages situated near the Arabian Sea surrounding the 64 km coastal belt of Karachi. These local village boys, familiar with the sea, were good swimmers and were hired on a contract basis as lifeguards to help protect common beach visitors and picnickers when they attempted to swim in the sea for fun. In September 2017, Karachi beaches had to be sealed by authorities in the wake of 55 people drowning in the three months period.

Naimatullah Khan resigned from his office in June 2005, and was not re-elected in Pakistan's next 2005 local city elections.

Death
He died on 25 February 2020 at the age of 89 in Karachi, Pakistan.

title: Naimatullah Khan


text:
Lex Karpela

The 2005 amendment to the Finnish Copyright Act and Criminal Code, commonly known as Lex Karpela, was an amendment to make the Finnish copyright legislation and criminal code comply with the EU Copyright Directive 2001/29/EC. It was presented to the President of Finland by Culture Minister Tanja Karpela.

The amendment was accepted by the Finnish parliament in a vote on 5 October 2005. It came into effect on 1 January 2006.

Purpose
The purpose of the amendment was to update the copyright legislation for the special features of digital and network environments, and apply the changes required by the EU Copyright Directive. The amendment additionally includes national legislation solutions independent of the directive.

The main features of the amendment are:
 * Unauthorized file sharing can be punished as a crime, even though it wouldn't be done for profit.
 * Downloading illegal copies on the Internet will be prohibited. Downloading for personal use won't be punished, but it may lead to claims for damages, if the copier knows or should have known that the source is illegal.
 * Importing illegally manufactured works and material is prohibited.
 * Circumventing copy prevention measures (i.e. DRM) to copy a work is prohibited. Circumventing the protection to watch or listen to the work is still legal.
 * Works bought from outside the European Economic Area may be distributed only if the first sale inside EEA was accepted by the author. A work bought for personal use may be distributed as before.
 * Archives, libraries and museums may produce copies of works for internal use using whatever technique necessary. Showing the work on a computer screen inside the facility is allowed.
 * Works may be copied using special techniques for people with disabilities without permission.
 * A published work may be presented publicly in services of worship and education without permission.

Prohibition of circumventing copy protection
Section 50a of the new law prohibits copying works for personal use if the work is protected by an "effective technical measure". Even an effective protection may be circumvented to watch or listen to the work, though.

The restriction has been a subject of controversy and the interpretation is yet to see. Open questions are e.g. whether it's legal to circumvent a copy protection to convert the work to a format usable on a portable MP3 player, or whether a copy-protected CD can be reproduced as a standards-compliant audio CD to listen to it on a car radio.

Freedom of speech
Section 50b prohibits distributing products or services that make possible or facilitate the circumvention of copy protection. The preamble says that offering these services in an organized or commercial manner would be the kind of distribution that the law refers to. This has been seen as restricting the freedom of speech.

Reception
A demonstration against the bill was held in the afternoon of 4 October 2005. According to an estimate by the police, roughly 300 people participated. Almost all attendees were young adults and all political youth organizations from political right to left supported the demonstration.

title: Lex Karpela