text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tenth Crusade

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus.  howch e  ng   {chat} 22:36, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

Tenth Crusade
See previous deletion discussion: Articles_for_deletion/Tenth_Crusade/Archive1
 * Delete. Content is not notable enough to have its own article; very few actually refer to a "tenth" crusade. The metaphor of crusades has been used by bin Laden and other extreme Islamists to describe US presence in the Middle East for a long time; it is not a rhetorical device invented by Bush as the article claims. csloat 18:13, 28 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I said it before, and I say it again, not notagle and is a neologism. The War of Terror isn't even the Tenth conflict, ten was used because of the rhetorical impact. Dominick (TALK) 18:17, 28 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Critics of Bush can't have their crusade cake and eat their Jewish plot too. Endomion 18:59, 28 December 2005 (UTC)
 * What do accusations of Jewish plots have to do with the continuing existance or otherwise of this page? Regards, Ben Aveling 02:06, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment Might be justifiable as a larger study of right wing politics and religious conservatism in the United States, if well sourced and well written. Durova 23:35, 28 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Tag for cleanup and Keep - 1,250 google hits suggests notability. Plus, as C. Sloat says above, many Muslims do think that Bush is engaged in a crusade.  To delete the page because 'we know that he isn't' is reverse political correctness.  And with respect, the article does not say that Bush invented the device, only that he used it.  If bin Laden was using the term first, the fact should be added to the article but it doesn't present an argument for deleting the page, quite the contrary.  I agree that 10th is arbitrary, but the reason for the name is less important than the fact that the name is widely used.  Perhaps the concept is misnamed, but it doesn't mean that the page is not correctly named or shouldn't exist.  Regards, Ben Aveling 02:06, 29 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Correction - many of those references are to Wikipedia; many others are to other uses of the phrase (e.g. the 1983 novel -- some 400+ hits on your results alone -- or the 2001 article about English in Tunisia). A lexis/nexis search of major papers finds three uses of the phrase, listed below, none of which are in the usage here:
 * 1.Dench, Diesel make surprising sci-fi duo, Chicago Sun-Times, July 2, 2004 Friday, North City, WEEKEND PLUS; NEWS; Pg. 25, 721 words, HARRY HAUN
 * 2.Books by Christopher Hyde, The Ottawa Citizen, June 20, 1999, FINAL, 389 words, Shelley Page
 * 3.THE WORLD; A Roundup of Mideast Hostility, The New York Times, May 4, 1986, Sunday, Late City Final Edition, Section 4; Page 2, Column 2; Week in Review Desk, 357 words, By Milt Freudenheim, James F. Clarity and Richard Levine
 * A search of magazines and journals nets nothing on lexis/nexis. You're looking at a few hundred google hits at best, most of them referring to or just copying the Cockburn and O'Brien articles; those are the only two real voices using this particular phrase in this manner; I would not call it notable, especially given its nonexistence in lexis/nexis, a better gauge of material that is actually published.  If the article is kept, it should be radically revamped and its name changed to talk about the "crusades" metaphor as used in general rather than the specious "tenth" crusade, which, as others noted, this is not really the tenth anyway.--csloat 03:34, 29 December 2005 (UTC)
 * For the hell of it, I searched the New York Times back to 1857 for this term and found three uses of it; twice in 1904 and once in 1917 referring to the actual Crusades, specifically the battle in Jerusalem. The 1904 references refer to a novel of the era by Frederic Harrison called Theophano.-csloat 03:39, 29 December 2005 (UTC)
 * "tenth crusade" bush is 404 hits. -cockburn is still 231 hits, not that I see why cockburn should be excluded.  As above, I'm not attached to the title so much as the concept.  "bush crusade"  gets 37,400 hits.  "bush crusade" iraq gets 31,300 hits.  There's a real concept here, perhaps the current page is misnamed and a mess, but I think there's something worth keeping?  Regards, Ben Aveling 12:13, 29 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree that the concept is notable but the title is a misleading neologism. There already was a tenth crusade, and it wasn't this one.  There are no references to this in lexis-nexis, a far better gauge than what is on google.--csloat 04:00, 2 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Which one is commonly known as "Tenth Crusade"? Standard numbering stops at 9. Yes, there were more, but then even the "Third Crusade" really is not. --Stephan Schulz 21:42, 2 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I think we're heading towards agreement that the page should be kept and renamed? But to what?  The only think I can think of is Bush Crusade or some variation thereof.  Regards, Ben Aveling 04:52, 2 January 2006 (UTC)
 * How about The Crusades (War on terrorism)?-csloat 19:59, 2 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, I like it better than Bush Crusade, though that's not saying much. I'd prefer to somehow have "The crusade" rather than "The Crusades" because I think the whole War on Whatever is a single thing, even if the connections between the parts are pretty tenuous sometimes.  We did for a while have a page called Crusade (modern) which is now a redirect to Tenth Crusade.  If we wanted to go that way, I'd prefer Modern crusade.  Other options which I also don't like but am going to suggest in case it gives anybody a better idea are Crusade against terror, Crusade against terrorism or War on terrorism as crusade? Regards, Ben Aveling 01:39, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep as before. It's not particularly important, but it is reasonably notable and (now) well-written and NPOV. Disk space is cheap. I'm kind of appaled by user User:Endomion's statement. The article is not an opinion piece, but a fair description of an event (if you doubt this, improve it). Do you want to purge history of inconvenient facts?--Stephan Schulz 17:52, 29 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep glad i found this. This is a notable phrase. Lots of google hits. Just because the phrase is POV doesn't mean that the article will inevitably be POV. Some consider the War on Terrorism a POV phrase, but thats a great article. 69.22.42.35 21:55, 1 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep as before. It is important that the US president considers this a religious crusade. This is the most important aspect of our Iraq War.  That is why we can't leave Iraq.  This conflict has grown in importance because of it's "clash of cultures" oventone. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.240.48.167 (talk • contribs)
 * Keep: It is used, and it is reflective of the positions of people in the world, thus it needs to be. Dark Nexus 02:26, 3 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep: It is a viable description of the current events. Perhaps the name should be changed to "Bush Crusade" or "Iraq Crusade" to prevent confusion with the "10th" crusade. --Kdcarver 03:46, 3 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep: I had seen "the 10th crusade" mentioned but I didn't know what was meant. Then I found the meaning here at Wikipedia.  Isn't that what Wikipedia is for? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.169.197.253 (talk • contribs)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Sathyan

Sathyan is a common Indian name and can refer to:

 * Sathyan (actor) (1912–1971), Manuel Sathyaneshan, Malayalam film actor
 * Sathyan (Tamil actor) (born 1975), Tamil film comedian and actor
 * Sathyan (singer) (born 1980), Sathyan Mahalingam, an Indian playback singer and composer

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sathyan


text:
Infanta Maria da Assunção of Braganza

Infanta Maria da Assunção of Braganza (Mary of the Assumption); Queluz, 25 June 1805 – Santarém, 7 January 1834) was a Portuguese infanta (princess) daughter of King John VI of Portugal and his wife Carlota Joaquina of Borbón.

She died unmarried when she was just 28 years old. She was first buried at the Miracle Church in Santarém but then moved to the Royal Pantheon of the Braganza Dynasty, in Lisbon.

title: Infanta Maria da Assunção of Braganza


text:
Cora Almerino

Cora Almerino is a Cebuano Visayan writer. Her poems were included in Sinug-ang: A Cebuano trio published by Women in Literary Arts in 1999.

title: Cora Almerino


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Jules Ellenberger

Jules Ellenberger (16 January 1871 – 20 August 1973 ) was an Imperial civil servant.

Ellenberger was born to an old South African pioneer family in a cave in what is now Lesotho. He was the son of D. F. Ellenberger of the Paris Mission Society mission in Lesotho, an Alsatian missionary and historian, and was educated at the Lovedale missionary school and in France.

Ellenberger held a variety of posts in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, as the equivalent of a district commissioner at Gaborone, Ngamiland, and Mafeking. He served as assistant commissioner of the Southern Protectorate from 1902 to 1916, government secretary from 1916 to 1923, and Resident Commissioner of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1923 to 1927, replacing his brother-in-law James MacGregor. He collected oral history of the BaTswana.

Ellenberger's son, Vivien Frederick Ellenberger (died 1977), also served in the Protectorate's civil service, and wrote on BaLete and BaTlokwa history.

title: Jules Ellenberger


text:
User talk:Maggot Loco

Image:Ascendency2.gif listed for deletion
An image that you uploaded, Image:Ascendency2.gif, has been listed at Images and media for deletion because it lacks source and license information, and it is not used in any articles. Please go there to voice your opinion (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you.

title: User talk:Maggot Loco


text:
Jumu

Jumu may refer to:

 * Luritja, another name of this indigenous Australian Western Desert language
 * Arabic for Friday
 * Jumu'ah, Muslim prayer done on Fridays
 * Eric B. Jumu, Sierra Leone politician
 * Beech wood, in Chinese antique furniture

title: Jumu


text:
Estrella Alfon

Estrella D. Alfon (May 27, 1917 – December 27, 1983) was a Filipina author who wrote in English. She held an AA degree from the University of the Philippines and was a member of the UP Writers Club.

Personal life
Estrella Alfon was born in Cebu City in 1917. Her parents were shopkeepers. She attended college, studying medicine. After being mistakenly diagnosed with tuberculosis and sent to a sanitarium, she resigned from her pre-medical education, leaving with an Associate of Arts degree.

Alfon had several children: Alan Rivera, Esmeralda "Mimi" Rivera, Brian Alfon, Estrella "Twinkie" Alfon, and Rita "Daday" Alfon (deceased). She had ten grandchildren. Her youngest daughter was a stewardess for Saudi Arabian Airlines, and was part of the Flight 163 crew on August 19, 1980, when an in-flight fire forced the aircraft to land in Riyadh. A delayed evacuation resulted in the death of all aboard the flight.

Alfon died on December 27, 1983, following a heart attack suffered on-stage during the Manila Film Festival Awards Night.

Career
While a student in Cebu when, Alfon published her first short stories, in periodicals such as Graphic Weekly Magazine, Philippine Magazine, and the Sunday Tribune. She was a prolific storywriter, playwright, and journalist. In spite of being a Cebuana, she wrote almost exclusively in English. She published her first story, “Grey Confetti”, in the Graphic in 1935. Alfon was at times charged with sloppy writing and suspected of writing exclusively for profit, rather than passion.

She was the only female member of the Veronicans, an avant-garde group of writers in the 1930s led by Francisco Arcellana and H.R. Ocampo, being also regarded as their muse. The Veronicans are recognized as the first group of Filipino writers to write almost exclusively in English and were formed prior to the World War II. Alfon was a regular contributor to Manila-based national magazines, having several stories cited in Jose Garcia Villa’s annual honor rolls. Thelma E. Arambulo described her in the following way:

Alfon was one writer who unashamedly drew from her own real-life experiences. In some stories, the first-person narrator is “Estrella” or “Esther.” She is not just a writer, but one who consciously refers to her act of writing the stories. In other stories, Alfon is still easily identifiable in her first-person reminiscences of the past: evacuation during the Japanese occupation; estrangement from a husband; life after the war. In the Espeleta stories, Alfon uses the editorial “we” to indicate that as a member of that community, she shares their feelings and responses towards the incidents in the story. But she sometimes slips back to being a first-person narrator. The impression is that although she shares the sentiments of her neighbors, she is still a distinct personality who detaches herself from the scene in order to understand it better. This device of separating herself as narrator from the other characters is contained within the larger strategy of "distantiation" that of the writer from her strongly autobiographical material.

In the 1950s, her short story, "Fairy Tale for the City", was condemned by the Catholic League of the Philippines as being "obscene". She was even brought to court on these charges. While many of her fellow writers did stand by her, some did not. These events hurt her deeply.

In spite of having only a basic A.A. degree, she was eventually appointed as a professor of Creative Writing at the University of the Philippines, Manila. She held the National Fellowship in Fiction post at the U.P. Creative Writing Center in 1979. She would also serve on the Philippine Board of Tourism in the 1970s.

Awards
Alfon won the Palanca Awards a number of times:
 * 1940: A collection of her early short stories, “Dear Esmeralda,” won Honorable Mention in the Commonwealth Literary Award.
 * 1961-1962: Four of her one-act plays won all the prizes in the Arena Theater Play Writing Contest: “Losers Keepers” (first prize), “Strangers” (second prize), “Rice” (third prize), and “Beggar” (fourth prize).
 * 1961-1962: Won top prize in the Palanca Contest for “With Patches of Many Hues.”
 * 1974: Second place Palanca Award for her short story, "The White Dress".
 * 1979: National Fellowship in Fiction post at the U.P. Creative Writing Center.
 * Forever Witches, one-act play (Third place, 1960)
 * With Patches of Many Hues, one-act play (First place, 1962)
 * Tubig, One-act Play (Second place, 1963)
 * The Knitting Straw, one-act play, (Third place, 1968)
 * The White Dress, short story (Second place, 1974)

Partial bibliography

 * Magnificence and Other Stories (1960)
 * Stories of Estrella Alfon (1994) (published posthumously)
 * Servant Girl (short story)

Legacy
In an interview, Luisa Igloria said of Alfon:Estrella Alfon writes about everyday life, but she captures the details in this dazzling, intense light. She could write about the ordinary and make it extraordinary. She could write about a day on the farm or a picnic with friends or a poor laundry woman wishing that her life were different because she was being abused by her mistress. They were very simple stories about ordinary people, whose lives we don't know until she uncovers them in the stories. I was just hooked. Whatever designs my mother may have had, they worked. I feel so much more fulfilled because I had that early gift. - Luisa Igloria interview

External links and other sources

 * www.bisaya.com Visayan Literature page—defunct
 * www.sushidog.com Servant Girl (Short Story)
 * The History of Filipino Women's Writings by Riitta Vartti
 * Full Text: Rice by Estrella Alfon
 * Full Text: Magnificence by Estrella Alfon
 * Analysis of Magnificience on Lit React

title: Estrella Alfon


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Jean-Sébastien Aubin

Jean-Sébastien Aubin (born July 19, 1977) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Pittsburgh Penguins, Toronto Maple Leafs and the Los Angeles Kings.

Playing career
Aubin was born in Montreal, Quebec. As a youth, he played in the 1990 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Mercier, Quebec.

Aubin played his junior career in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, following in the footsteps of so many other Quebec-born goaltenders. He played for three different teams, spending the most time with the Sherbrooke Faucons. He was drafted in the third round of the 1995 NHL Entry Draft, 76th overall, by the Pittsburgh Penguins. His professional career began in the East Coast Hockey League, but he worked his way on to the Penguins' farm team, and then into the NHL itself.

In the 1998–99 season, Aubin was recalled by the Penguins and made his NHL debut in a 5-0 defeat to the Tampa Bay Lightning on October 21, 1998. Two weeks later Aubin recorded his first career win on November 5, in a 4-2 victory over the Ottawa Senators. In his next start Aubin continued his good form, collecting his first career shutout in a scoreless tie against the Boston Bruins on November 7, 1998.

Aubin played parts of six seasons with Pittsburgh, including one as their starting goaltender, before being released by them. He then signed a two-way contract with the Toronto Maple Leafs. He played his first game with the Maple Leafs on March 26, 2006 versus the New Jersey Devils, making 36 saves and winning the game 4–3. He recorded a shutout in only his third game with the Maple Leafs, against the Buffalo Sabres in a 7–0 victory on home ice.

After spending the majority of the 2007–08 season with the Los Angeles Kings, he was traded to the Anaheim Ducks at the 2008 trading deadline for a seventh round pick. It was the first-ever transaction involving the two geographic- and Pacific Division-rival clubs. On July 23, 2009, Aubin signed a one-year contract with European team, the DEG Metro Stars leaving the Philadelphia Phantoms.

In his first season with the Metro Stars in 2009–10, Aubin recorded the best save percentage and was subsequently selected as the DEL Goalie of the Year.

After three seasons with the Metro Stars, Aubin departed as a free agent but remained in Europe, signing a one-year contract with Pustertal-Val Pusteria Wolves of the Italian Serie A on June 3, 2012.

Transactions

 * On July 8, 1995 the Pittsburgh Penguins selected Jean-Sébastien Aubin in the third-round (#76 overall) of the 1995 NHL draft.
 * On September 24, 2000 the Pittsburgh Penguins re-signed restricted free agent Jean-Sébastien Aubin.
 * On July 31, 2001 the Pittsburgh Penguins re-signed Jean-Sébastien Aubin.
 * On June 25, 2002 the Pittsburgh Penguins re-signed Jean-Sébastien Aubin.
 * On August 18, 2005 the Toronto Maple Leafs signed unrestricted free agent Jean-Sébastien Aubin to a 1-year contract.
 * On April 12, 2006 the Toronto Maple Leafs re-signed Jean-Sébastien Aubin to a 1-year contract.
 * On August 28, 2007 the Los Angeles Kings signed unrestricted free agent Jean-Sébastien Aubin to a 1-year contract.
 * On February 26, 2008 the Los Angeles Kings traded Jean-Sébastien Aubin to the Anaheim Ducks in exchange for a 2008 seventh-round pick (#185-Paul Karpowich).
 * On September 18, 2008 the Philadelphia Flyers signed unrestricted free agent Jean-Sébastien Aubin to a 1-year contract.
 * On July 23, 2009 the Düsseldorfer EG Metro Stars (DEL) signed Jean-Sébastien Aubin.

title: Jean-Sébastien Aubin


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Talk:Signals and slots

Untitled
Signals and slots, Observer pattern and Signal programming cover very similar topics. Maybe we should merge some of them. What do y'all think? Chronist 14:46, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

this is just the observer pattern
AfD Wikidrone 22:34, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Signal slot mechanism isn't introduced with Qt, you should cite a precise source for this.

Anyway these are examples of C++ applications that uses the mechanism since 1992 http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1125087&dl=GUIDE&coll=GUIDE&CFID=42502829&CFTOKEN=12543122

or 2004 http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=192500&dl=GUIDE&coll=GUIDE&CFID=42502829&CFTOKEN=12543122

Previous work can also exist, but I have only found these as a part of the state-of-the-art of my project.

Really a stub?
This article is marked as stub but looks decently good to me. It's not that we want to create a manual of programming, I guess.--Qgil (talk) 15:53, 15 April 2011 (UTC)

"No common implementation in plain C"
GLib seems pretty commonly used to me...

Shouldn't this page also discuss advantages and inconveniences of signal/slot vs callback mechanism?

 * if a signal is misspelled, there won't be any warning, and nothing will happen at runtime. possibly a warning will be issued to indicate that a slot was not found.
 * callbacks explicitly indicate who is interacting. for example, a (C++) class could declare an interface (e.g. inner class) that it expects its callees implement. This enforces that all necessary callbacks are effectively implemented (otherwise the compiler or linker will complain about missing code).
 * signals/slots allow for an arbitrary set of connections — Preceding unsigned comment added by Axd (talk • contribs) 09:01, 1 August 2012 (UTC)

Isn't this the old Microsoft Windows 2.x/3.x/etc message passing mechanism with more syntactical sugar?
If you've ever programmed using the old Windows Software Development Kit or from Charles Petzold's old "Programming Windows" book(s), you would recognize this as such (or similar).

title: Talk:Signals and slots


text: User talk:65.160.83.210

title: User talk:65.160.83.210


text:
Kukatja

Kukatja, Kukatj, Kokatja or Gugadja  may refer to one of several Australian Aboriginal peoples or their languages:

 * Kukatj people of Queensland
 * Kukatj language

 * The two dialects of the Western Desert language which have both been named 'Kukatja'.
 * The Kukatja people found near Lake Gregory in Western Australia.
 * The Kukatja people near Haasts Bluff in the Northern Territory, who are now known as 'Luritja'.
 * Luritja language

More unusually:
 * Kokatha people of South Australia (Kokatja is the Yankuntjatjarra pronunciation)
 * Kokatha language

title: Kukatja


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Francisco C. Álvarez

Francisco C. Álvarez (1903–1963) was a Cebuano Visayan stage actor and playwright. He was a staff member of The Freeman. He wrote a play entitled Dinagmalan, published in Bisaya in 1948.

title: Francisco C. Álvarez


text:
Talk:Jean-Sébastien Aubin

Amp Commercial
Shouldn't the information from his commercial be included? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.207.45.195 (talk) 02:04, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jean-Sébastien Aubin


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Potenciano Aliño

Potenciano Aliño (c. 1864 – 1909) was a Filipino writer, translator, and revolutionary. He worked as a translator for newspapers in Cebu for works in Spanish and Cebuano. He is credited for having been the first person to translate Jose Rizal's Mi Ultimo Adios (Kataposan nga Panamilit) into the Cebuano language.

Potenciano, together with his brothers Felix, Hilario and Sulpicio fought as revolutionaries against the Spanish colonial rule. As generals of the Katipunan, Potenciano and his brothers staged an uprising in Talisay, Cebu but were ultimately repelled by the superior Spanish forces. However, their attacked inspired others to stage the Battle of Tres de Abril. He and his brothers also fought against the Americans during the Philippine-American war.

title: Potenciano Aliño


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Sarah Maldoror

Sarah Maldoror (19 July 1929 − 13 April 2020) was a French filmmaker of European and Guadeloupean descent. She is best known for her feature film Sambizanga (1972) on the 1961–1974 war in Angola.

Early life and education
Born Sarah Ducados in 1929 in Condom, Gers, in Southwest France, she was one of four children in her family. Her father was a black Frenchman from Guadeloupe. After his death when Sarah was young, her widowed mother struggled to support their family with her work as a maid. At times young Sarah was placed in an orphanage for care.

Move to Paris
By the 1950s Ducados had moved to Paris, where she became involved in artistic circles. While studying drama, she and a group of other black students formed a theatre company called Les Griots. They gave readings of Césaire and produced Huis Clos, by Jean-Paul Sartre, as well as such playwrights as Pushkin and Synge.

Paris was also a center for activists for African independence. In this period Ducados chose her artist's surname from Les Chants de Maldoror by Lautréamont (the pseudonym of Isidore Ducasse, a French-Uruguayan poet).

About 1956 she met poet and Angolan nationalist Mário Pinto de Andrade, who had studied in Lisbon. They married and became "partners for life."

In 1958 Maldoror persuaded Jean Genet to give Les Griots first rights to perform his new play, Les Negres, to be directed Roger Blin, actor and theater director. Her coup captured the attention of intellectuals and artists. When the production opened in 1959, Le Monde described it as an "exciting work of the season."

Maldoror and Andrade together focused their activism in Africa. They were invited to Guinea-Conakry by its new leader, Sekou Touré, who had helped it gain independence. Andrade increased his political activism, becoming a founder of the Movimento Popular de Libertacao de Angola and its first president.

Maldoror had explored Surrealist verse in Paris and was intrigued by the connections between its practitioners and French communists. In Guinea, she was given a scholarship to study film at the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography (also known as the Maxim Gorky Institute in Moscow. She worked with Mark Donskoi in 1961–62. During this period she also met Ousmane Sembène, a notable Senegalese author who became known as the "father" of modern African cinema.

(Sarah and Mário had two daughters, Annouchka de Andrade, born in Moscow in 1962, and Henda Ducados Pinto de Andrade. )

Film career
After her studies, Maldoror with Andrade and their daughter lived in Morocco for a period, where their second daughter Henda was born in 1964.

In 1964 the family went to Algiers, described as the "new anti-imperialist metropole of the Third World" since Algeria's independence in 1962. Here Madoror worked as an assistant on Gillo Pontecorvo's acclaimed film, The Battle of Algiers (1966), set during the nation's separation from France. She also worked as an assistant to Algerian director Ahmed Lallem on his film Elles (1966), a documentary about young Algerian women and their views of the future. She was a go-between the male directors and women subjects they wanted to film in this traditional society. These were her first projects in film.

Maldoror set her debut short film,  (1968), in Angola. It is based on a story by Angolan writer José Luandino Vieira. The title of this 17-minute film, Monangambée, refers to the call used by Angolan anti-colonial activists to signal a village meeting. The film was shot with amateur actors in Algeria.

Her first feature film, Sambizanga (1972), was also based on a story by Vieira (A vida verdadeira de Domingos Xavier). It is set in 1961 at the onset of the Angolan War of Independence. Maldoror filmed this in Francophone Congo-Brazzaville, as it would have been impossible for her to get permission in Angola.

It explores the lives of various peoples at the time: villagers, may of whose men work on major public projects by the Portuguese; African police and militia working for the Portuguese; networks of resistance among Angolans in the villages and cities, and the struggles of women. It features a poor married woman whose husband Domingos Xavier is arrested and taken away by Portuguese police, and her persistent efforts to find him in the city of Luanda, which had several kinds of prisons. He is tortured under interrogation and dies before she can reach him. The film was selected to represent Angola for the Director's Fortnight at the Cannes Film Festival in 1971.

Reception
Guardian film writer Mark Cousins included Sambizanga in a 2012 list of the ten best African films, saying it was "as bold, as well-lit as Caravaggio paintings".

Maldoror is one of the first women to direct a feature film in Africa. Her subjects were women at the time of the independence movements, and her work is often included in studies of the role of African women in African cinema.

She returned to France, completing numerous commercial as well as personal projects and films. Many of her early films have been lost.

Maldoror died on 13 April 2020, at the age of 90, from COVID-19 complications during the COVID-19 pandemic in France.

Awards

 * A Tanit d'or at the 1972 Carthage Film Festival
 * Maldoror received the National Order of Merit (France) in 2011 from the Government of France

Legacy

 * Sambizanga (1972), considered her masterpiece, is included in the Criterion Collection, with two accompanying commentaries, including a short one by American director Martin Scorsese.
 * Together with Monangambé (1968) and L'hôpital de Leningrad/The Leningrad Hospital (1982), Sambizanga was featured in an evening of screenings by the London Review of Books at The Garden Cinema, on 8 June 2024, in London.
 * L'hôpital de Leningrad, (1982) commissioned by France 2TV, set in the Soviet Union in the 1930s; based on a story by Victor Serge

Filmography

 * Monangambé, 1968
 * Des fusils pour Banta (Guns for Banta), 1970
 * Carnaval en Guinée-Bissau (Carnival in Guinea-Bissau), 1971
 * Sambizanga, 1972
 * Un carneval dans le Sahel (Carnival in Sahel), 1977
 * Folgo, Ile de Feu
 * Et les chiens se taisaient (And the dogs kept silent)
 * Un homme, une terre (A man, a country)
 * La Basilique de Saint-Denis
 * Un dessert pour Constance, 1983
 * Le cimetière du Père Lachaise
 * Miro
 * Lauren
 * Robert Lapoujade, peintre
 * Toto Bissainthe, Chanteuse
 * René Depestre, poète
 * L'hôpital de Leningrad, (1982) commissioned by France 2TV, set in the Soviet Union in the 1930s; based on a story by Victor Serge
 * La littérature tunisienne de la Bibliothèque nationale
 * Un sénégalias en Normandie
 * Robert Doisneau, photographe
 * Le racisme au quotidien (Everyday racism), 1983
 * Le passager du Tassili (The Tassili passenger), 1987
 * Aimé Césaire, le masque des mots (Aimé Césaire, the mask of words), 1986
 * Emmanuel Ungaro, couturier
 * Louis Aragon – Un masque à Paris
 * Vlady, peintre
 * Léon G. Damas, 1995
 * L'enfant-cinéma, 1997
 * La tribu du bois de l'é (In the time of people)

Documentary about Sarah Maldoror

 * Sarah Maldoror ou la nostalgie de l’utopie by Anne Laure Folly, France /Togo, 1998.

title: Sarah Maldoror


text:
User:Flowersofnight/Death by potatoes

Death by Potatoes

Despite the fact that it is completely illogical, there have been numerous accounts in history of 'Death by Potatoes'. The Scottish king John XI was killed by his cousin James in 1623, who attacked him by inciting peasants to throw things at him, but the peasants didn't have anything to throw at him except for potatoes. As a result he was buried in a one-ton heap of potatoes and was crushed to death under their weight. His cousin took the throne as James VII after a brief period of intrigue, when the rest of John's family was killed by potato attacks as well.

Also, during the Russian Revolution the Tsar's forces were routinely attacked by angry peasants who were so poor that they only had potatoes to fight the police and the army. These peasants were so great in number that they managed to kill at least five soldiers with potatoes alone. Then Lenin began actually arming these people, at which point were fighting the White Russians who opposed Communism.

Due to all these incidents of 'Death by potatoes', a word was coined to mean just that: just as defenestration means 'death by falling out of a window', detuberstration means 'death by potatoes'. It officially entered the English language in 1974.

Although there are many incidences with potatoes, there are others with onions, beets, and even radishes. This resulted in the 1993 coining of the word 'devegestration' to mean 'Death by vegetables'. It was even reported that way by a minor publication when insurgents in Iraq fired beets from a bazooka at US soldiers when they ran out of real ammo on July 16th, 2003.

The most recent incident was when a terrorist killed a tourist in Ireland with radish shrapnel in January, 2004.

title: User:Flowersofnight/Death by potatoes


text: Template:Weasel

title: Template:Weasel


text:
Barry Orton

Randal Berry Orton (May 28, 1958 – March 19, 2021) was an American professional wrestler and actor. He was a son of professional wrestler Bob Orton, brother of professional wrestler Bob Orton Jr., and uncle of professional wrestler Randy Orton.

Early life
Randal Berry Orton was born in Amarillo, Texas, to professional wrestler Bob Orton and his wife Rita. He was named after professional wrestler Wild Red Berry. The family moved to Kansas City, Missouri, three days after his birth. He was a musician and performed in nightclubs, playing in many prominent club bands over the country. Disappointed by a "near miss" record deal in 1976, Orton switched to professional wrestling.

Professional wrestling career
Orton made his professional wrestling debut in 1976, trained by Bob Orton, Bob Roop, and Tully Blanchard. During his career in wrestling he competed in the WWF as Barry O (1985–1988, 1990–1991), ICW, WOW, the NWA, the IWF and Stampede Wrestling (where, while appearing as the masked Zodiac, he managed Jason the Terrible) he was mainly used as an enhancement talent. In 1984, Orton wrestled for around three months under a mask as the Assassin #3 with Jody Hamilton. Orton was a replacement for Hercules Hernandez who had recently been unmasked by Jimmy Valiant. In a 2005 interview with Slam! Sports, Orton said "I was always struggling because I wanted to be a musician. I never saw myself as a professional wrestler."

His career was affected in 1986 when he was driving under the influence and his female passenger died. The WWF would not allow him to wrestle until the matter was settled, and Orton went to Stampede Wrestling in Calgary as the masked Zodiac. Then in 1988 he worked for New Japan Pro-Wrestling as Barry Gasper teaming with Bob Orton as Billy Gasper. He returned to WWF in 1990 and also worked for Universal Wrestling Federation (Herb Abrams), Herb Abrams' promotion for a couple of appearances. Orton retired from wrestling in 1991.

Orton came out of retirement in 2011 for one night for Pro Wrestling Guerilla participating in a battle royal which was won by Roddy Piper.

Acting career
In the 1990s, Orton made a transition from wrestling into movies, appearing in minor roles. He went to New York and began studying classical theatre, spending a year there studying with Robert Patterson. In 1991, he appeared in the role of 'Wild Thing' in the local Vegas TV show 'Vegas Rocks', which led to a local commercial along with a part in Honeymoon in Vegas. He starred in a film called 'Tweak the Heat', based on crystal meth awareness.

Personal life
Orton was married four times; all four marriages ended in divorce. He had two children, both of them daughters, from his third marriage.

During his life, Orton used the drugs valium and methamphetamine. He also carried a .44 Magnum handgun which he would threaten to use to kill himself. Upon a friend's request, Orton went to a therapist and eventually beat his drug addiction.

Sexual harassment lawsuit
In 1992, Orton appeared on the talk show, The Phil Donahue Show, along with Superstar Billy Graham, Bruno Sammartino and others to voice their concern about sexual harassment in the wrestling industry. Vince McMahon was also on the show to defend himself and the company. Because of his vocal opinions against the WWF and the sexual harassment that was involved, he became blacklisted. Some were instructed not to talk to him, while many others were afraid to. Orton started going by a different name, Barrymore Barlow. Although he was not employed by the WWF at the time, he was a key figure in the lawsuit that was filed against the company. According to Orton, in 1978 on a trip between shows while employed by a faction of the NWA, Orton was traveling with a booker for the company, Terry Garvin. While on the drive, Garvin repeatedly asked to perform oral sex on him, offers that were repeatedly refused. At the time Orton did not speak up about the incident. However, when stories later broke that Garvin (who went on to work for the WWF front office) was involved in sexually harassing young ring boys working for the WWF, Orton came forward with his own story to back up the claims made against Garvin. Orton also brought up hearing from another ring boy while he was still employed by the WWF. According to Orton, the boy claimed that Garvin was doing things to make the boy uncomfortable.

Death
On March 19, 2021, Orton died in Las Vegas, Nevada, at the age of 62.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Cauliflower Alley Club
 * Family Award (2005) – with Bob Orton and Bob Orton Jr.
 * International Championship Wrestling
 * ICW Southeastern Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Bob Orton Jr.
 * Interwest Wrestling Federation
 * IWF Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Mid-States Championship Wrestling
 * MSCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Terry Orndorff
 * NWA Hollywood Wrestling
 * NWA Americas Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Héctor Guerrero
 * World Organized Wrestling
 * WOW World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

title: Barry Orton


text:
IEEE 802.11n-2009

IEEE 802.11n-2009, or 802.11n, is a wireless-networking standard that uses multiple antennas to increase data rates. The Wi-Fi Alliance has also retroactively labelled the technology for the standard as Wi-Fi 4. It standardized support for multiple-input multiple-output, frame aggregation, and security improvements, among other features, and can be used in the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz frequency bands.

As the first Wi-Fi standard that introduced MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) support, sometimes devices/systems that support 802.11n standard (or draft version of the standard) are being referred to as MIMO (Wi-Fi products), especially before the introduction of the next generation standard. The use of MIMO-OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) to increase the data rate while maintaining the same spectrum as 802.11a was first demonstrated by Airgo Networks.

The purpose of the standard is to improve network throughput over the two previous standards—802.11a and 802.11g—with a significant increase in the maximum net data rate from 54 Mbit/s to 72 Mbit/s with a single spatial stream in a 20 MHz channel, and 600 Mbit/s (slightly higher gross bit rate including for example error-correction codes, and slightly lower maximum throughput) with the use of four spatial streams at a channel width of 40 MHz.

IEEE 802.11n-2009 is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11-2007 wireless-networking standard. 802.11 is a set of IEEE standards that govern wireless networking transmission methods. They are commonly used today in their 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac and 802.11ax versions to provide wireless connectivity in homes and businesses. Development of 802.11n began in 2002, seven years before publication. The 802.11n protocol is now Clause 20 of the published IEEE 802.11-2012 standard and subsequently renamed to clause 19 of the published IEEE 802.11-2020 standard.

Description
IEEE 802.11n is an amendment to IEEE 802.11-2007 as amended by IEEE 802.11k-2008, IEEE 802.11r-2008, IEEE 802.11y-2008, and IEEE 802.11w-2009, and builds on previous 802.11 standards by adding a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system and 40 MHz channels to the PHY (physical layer) and frame aggregation to the MAC layer. There were older proprietary implementations of MIMO and 40MHz channels such as Xpress, Super G and Nitro which were based upon 802.11g and 802.11a technology, but this was the first time it was standardized across all radio manufacturers.

MIMO is a technology that uses multiple antennas to coherently resolve more information than possible using a single antenna. One way it provides this is through spatial division multiplexing (SDM), which spatially multiplexes multiple independent data streams, transferred simultaneously within one spectral channel of bandwidth. MIMO SDM can significantly increase data throughput as the number of resolved spatial data streams is increased. Each spatial stream requires a discrete antenna at both the transmitter and the receiver. In addition, MIMO technology requires a separate radio-frequency chain and analog-to-digital converter for each antenna, making it more expensive to implement than non-MIMO systems.

Channels operating with a width of 40 MHz are another feature incorporated into 802.11n; this doubles the channel width from 20 MHz in previous 802.11 PHYs to transmit data, and provides twice the PHY data rate available over a single 20 MHz channel. It can be enabled in the 5 GHz mode, or within the 2.4 GHz mode if there is knowledge that it will not interfere with any other 802.11 or non-802.11 (such as Bluetooth) system using the same frequencies. The MIMO architecture, together with the wider channels, offers increased physical transfer rate over standard 802.11a (5 GHz) and 802.11g (2.4 GHz).

Data encoding
The transmitter and receiver use precoding and postcoding techniques, respectively, to achieve the capacity of a MIMO link. Precoding includes spatial beamforming and spatial coding, where spatial beamforming improves the received signal quality at the decoding stage. Spatial coding can increase data throughput via spatial multiplexing and increase range by exploiting the spatial diversity, through techniques such as Alamouti coding.

Numbers of antennas and data streams
The number of simultaneous data streams is limited by the minimum number of antennas in use on both sides of the link. However, the individual radios often further limit the number of spatial streams that may carry unique data. The $a$ × $b$ : $c$ notation helps identify what a given radio is capable of. The first number ($a$) is the maximum number of transmit antennas or transmitting TF chains that can be used by the radio. The second number ($b$) is the maximum number of receive antennas or receiving RF chains that can be used by the radio. The third number ($c$) is the maximum number of data spatial streams the radio can use. For example, a radio that can transmit on two antennas and receive on three, but can only send or receive two data streams, would be 2 × 3 : 2.

The 802.11n draft allows up to 4 × 4 : 4. Common configurations of 11n devices are 2 × 2 : 2, 2 × 3 : 2, and 3 × 2 : 2. All three configurations have the same maximum throughputs and features, and differ only in the amount of diversity the antenna systems provide. In addition, a fourth configuration, 3 × 3 : 3 is becoming common, which has a higher throughput, due to the additional data stream.

Data rates
Assuming equal operating parameters to an 802.11g network achieving 54 megabits per second (on a single 20 MHz channel with one antenna), an 802.11n network can achieve 72 megabits per second (on a single 20 MHz channel with one antenna and 400 ns guard interval); 802.11n's speed may go up to 150 megabits per second if there are not other Bluetooth, microwave or Wi-Fi emissions in the neighborhood by using two 20 MHz channels in 40 MHz mode. If more antennas are used, then 802.11n can go up to 288 megabits per second in 20 MHz mode with four antennas, or 600 megabits per second in 40 MHz mode with four antennas and 400 ns guard interval. Because the 2.4 GHz band is seriously congested in most urban areas, 802.11n networks usually have more success in increasing data rate by utilizing more antennas in 20 MHz mode rather than by operating in the 40 MHz mode, as the 40 MHz mode requires a relatively free radio spectrum which is only available in rural areas away from cities. Thus, network engineers installing an 802.11n network should strive to select routers and wireless clients with the most antennas possible (one, two, three or four as specified by the 802.11n standard) and try to make sure that the network's bandwidth will be satisfactory even on the 20 MHz mode.

Data rates up to 600 Mbit/s are achieved only with the maximum of four spatial streams using one 40 MHz-wide channel. Various modulation schemes and coding rates are defined by the standard, which also assigns an arbitrary number to each; this number is the modulation and coding scheme index, or MCS index. The table below shows the relationships between the variables that allow for the maximum data rate. GI (Guard Interval): Timing between symbols.

20 MHz channel uses an FFT of 64, of which: 56 OFDM subcarriers, 52 are for data and 4 are pilot tones with a carrier separation of 0.3125 MHz (20 MHz/64) (3.2 μs). Each of these subcarriers can be a BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM or 64-QAM. The total bandwidth is 20 MHz with an occupied bandwidth of 17.8 MHz. Total symbol duration is 3.6 or 4 microseconds, which includes a guard interval of 0.4 (also known as short guard interval (SGI)) or 0.8 microseconds.

Frame aggregation
PHY level data rate does not match user level throughput because of 802.11 protocol overheads, like the contention process, interframe spacing, PHY level headers (Preamble + PLCP) and acknowledgment frames. The main media access control (MAC) feature that provides a performance improvement is aggregation. Two types of aggregation are defined:
 * 1) Aggregation of MAC service data units (MSDUs) at the top of the MAC (referred to as MSDU aggregation or A-MSDU)
 * 2) Aggregation of MAC protocol data units (MPDUs) at the bottom of the MAC (referred to as MPDU aggregation or A-MPDU)

Frame aggregation is a process of packing multiple MSDUs or MPDUs together to reduce the overheads and average them over multiple frames, thereby increasing the user level data rate. A-MPDU aggregation requires the use of block acknowledgement or BlockAck, which was introduced in 802.11e and has been optimized in 802.11n.

Backward compatibility
When 802.11g was released to share the band with existing 802.11b devices, it provided ways of ensuring backward compatibility between legacy and successor devices. 802.11n extends the coexistence management to protect its transmissions from legacy devices, which include 802.11g, 802.11b and 802.11a. There are MAC and PHY level protection mechanisms as listed below:

 * 1) PHY level protection: Mixed Mode Format protection (also known as L-SIG TXOP Protection): In mixed mode, each 802.11n transmission is always embedded in an 802.11a or 802.11g transmission. For 20 MHz transmissions, this embedding takes care of the protection with 802.11a and 802.11g. However, 802.11b devices still need CTS protection.
 * 2) PHY level protection: Transmissions using a 40 MHz channel in the presence of 802.11a or 802.11g clients require using CTS protection on both 20 MHz halves of the 40 MHz channel, to prevent interference with legacy devices.
 * 3) MAC level protection: An RTS/CTS frame exchange or CTS frame transmission at legacy rates can be used to protect subsequent 11n transmission.

Deployment strategies
To achieve maximum output, a pure 802.11n 5 GHz network is recommended. The 5 GHz band has substantial capacity due to many non-overlapping radio channels and less radio interference as compared to the 2.4 GHz band. An 802.11n-only network may be impractical for many users because they need to support legacy equipment that still is 802.11b/g only. In a mixed-mode system, an optimal solution would be to use a dual-radio access point and place the 802.11b/g traffic on the 2.4 GHz radio and the 802.11n traffic on the 5 GHz radio. This setup assumes that all the 802.11n clients are 5 GHz capable, which is not a requirement of the standard. 5 GHz is optional on Wi-Fi 4; quite some Wi-Fi 4 capable devices are only support the 2.4 GHz and there is no practical way to upgrade them to support 5 GHz. Some enterprise-grade APs use band steering to send 802.11n clients to the 5 GHz band, leaving the 2.4 GHz band for legacy clients. Band steering works by responding only to 5 GHz association requests and not the 2.4 GHz requests from dual-band clients.

40 MHz channels in 2.4 GHz
The 2.4 GHz ISM band is fairly congested. With 802.11n, there is the option to double the bandwidth per channel to 40 MHz (fat channel) which results in slightly more than double the data rate. However, in North America, when in 2.4 GHz, enabling this option takes up to 82% of the unlicensed band. For example, channel 3 SCA (secondary channel above), also known as 3+7, reserves the first 9 out of the 11 channels available. In Europe and other places where channels 1–13 are available, allocating 1+5 uses slightly more than 50% of the channels, but the overlap with 9+13 is not usually significant as it lies at the edges of the bands, and so two 40 MHz bands typically work unless the transmitters are physically very closely spaced.

The specification calls for requiring one primary 20 MHz channel as well as a secondary adjacent channel spaced ±20 MHz away. The primary channel is used for communications with clients incapable of 40 MHz mode. When in 40 MHz mode, the center frequency is actually the mean of the primary and secondary channels.

Local regulations may restrict certain channels from operation. For example, Channels 12 and 13 are normally unavailable for use as either a primary or secondary channel in North America. For further information, see List of WLAN channels.

Wi-Fi Alliance certification program
The Wi-Fi Alliance has upgraded its suite of compatibility tests for some enhancements that were finalized after a 2.0. Furthermore, it has affirmed that all draft-n certified products remain compatible with the products conforming to the final standards.

draft-n
After the first draft of the IEEE 802.11n standard was published in 2006, many manufacturers began producing so-called "draft-n" products that claimed to comply with the standard draft, even before standard finalization which mean they might not be inter-operational with products produced according to IEEE 802.11 standard after the standard publication, nor even among themselves. The Wi-Fi Alliance began certifying products based on IEEE 802.11n draft 2.0 mid-2007. This certification program established a set of features and a level of interoperability across vendors supporting those features, thus providing one definition of "draft n" to ensure compatibility and interoperability. The baseline certification covers both 20 MHz and 40 MHz wide channels, and up to two spatial streams, for maximum throughputs of 144.4 Mbit/s for 20 MHz and 300 Mbit/s for 40 MHz (with short guard interval). A number of vendors in both the consumer and enterprise spaces have built products that have achieved this certification.

Timeline
The following are milestones in the development of 802.11n:

 * September 11, 2002: The first meeting of the High-Throughput Study Group (HTSG) was held. Earlier in the year, in the Wireless Next Generation standing committee (WNG SC), presentations were heard on why they need change and what the target throughput would be required to justify the amendments. Compromise was reached in May 2002 to delay the start of the Study Group until September to allow 11g to complete major work during the July 2002 session.

 * September 11, 2003: The IEEE-SA New Standards Committee (NesCom) approved the Project Authorization Request (PAR) for the purpose of amending the 802.11-2007 standard. The new 802.11 Task Group (TGn) is to develop a new amendment. The TGn amendment is based on IEEE Std 802.11-2007, as amended by IEEE Std 802.11k-2008, IEEE Std 802.11r-2008, IEEE Std 802.11y-2008 and IEEE P802.11w. TGn will be the 5th amendment to the 802.11-2007 standard. The scope of this project is to define an amendment that shall define standardized modifications to both the 802.11 physical layers (PHY) and the 802.11 Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) so that modes of operation can be enabled that are capable of much higher throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least 100 Mbit/s, as measured at the MAC data service access point (SAP).

 * September 15, 2003: The first meeting of the new 802.11 Task Group (TGn).

 * May 17, 2004: Call for Proposals was issued.

 * September 13, 2004: 32 first round of proposals were heard.

 * March 2005: Proposals were downselected to a single proposal, but there is not a 75% consensus on the one proposal. Further efforts were expended over the next 3 sessions without being able to agree on one proposal.

 * July 2005: Previous competitors TGn Sync, WWiSE, and a third group, MITMOT, said that they would merge their respective proposals as a draft. The standardization process was expected to be completed by the second quarter of 2009.

 * January 19, 2006: The IEEE 802.11n Task Group approved the Joint Proposal's specification, enhanced by EWC's draft specification.

 * March 2006: IEEE 802.11 Working Group sent the 802.11n draft to its first letter ballot, allowing the 500+ 802.11 voters to review the document and suggest bug fixes, changes, and improvements.

 * May 2, 2006: The IEEE 802.11 Working Group voted not to forward draft 1.0 of the proposed 802.11n standard. Only 46.6% voted to approve the ballot. To proceed to the next step in the IEEE standards process, a majority vote of 75% is required. This letter ballot also generated approximately 12,000 comments—many more than anticipated.

 * November 2006: TGn voted to accept draft version 1.06, incorporating all accepted technical and editorial comment resolutions prior to this meeting. An additional 800 comment resolutions were approved during the November session which will be incorporated into the next revision of the draft. As of this meeting, three of the 18 comment topic ad hoc groups chartered in May had completed their work, and 88% of the technical comments had been resolved, with approximately 370 remaining.

 * January 19, 2007: The IEEE 802.11 Working Group unanimously (100 yes, 0 no, 5 abstaining) approved a request by the 802.11n Task Group to issue a new draft 2.0 of the proposed standard. Draft 2.0 was based on the Task Group's working draft version 1.10. Draft 2.0 was at this point in time the cumulative result of thousands of changes to the 11n document as based on all previous comments.

 * February 7, 2007: The results of Letter Ballot 95, a 15-day Procedural vote, passed with 97.99% approval and 2.01% disapproval. On the same day, 802.11 Working Group announced the opening of Letter Ballot 97. It invited detailed technical comments to closed on 9 March 2007.

 * March 9, 2007: Letter Ballot 97, the 30-day Technical vote to approve draft 2.0, closed. They were announced by IEEE 802 leadership during the Orlando Plenary on 12 March 2007. The ballot passed with an 83.4% approval, above the 75% minimum approval threshold. There were still approximately 3,076 unique comments, which were to be individually examined for incorporation into the next revision of draft 2.

 * June 25, 2007: The Wi-Fi Alliance announced its official certification program for devices based on draft 2.0.

 * September 7, 2007: Task Group agreed on all outstanding issues for draft 2.07. Draft 3.0 is authorized, with the expectation that it go to a sponsor ballot in November 2007.

 * November 2007: Draft 3.0 approved (240 voted affirmative, 43 negative, and 27 abstained). The editor was authorized to produce draft 3.01.

 * January 2008:Draft 3.02 approved. This version incorporates previously approved technical and editorial comments. There remain 127 unresolved technical comments. It was expected that all remaining comments will be resolved and that TGn and WG11 would subsequently release draft 4.0 for working group recirculation ballot following the March meeting.

 * May 2008:Draft 4.0 approved.

 * July 2008:Draft 5.0 approved and anticipated publication timeline modified.

 * September 2008: Draft 6.0 approved.

 * November 2008: Draft 7.0 approved.

 * January 2009:Draft 7.0 forwarded to sponsor ballot; the sponsor ballot was approved (158 for, 45 against, 21 abstaining); 241 comments were received.

 * March 2009: Draft 8.0 proceeded to sponsor ballot recirculation; the ballot passed by an 80.1% majority (75% required) (228 votes received, 169 approve, 42 not approve); 277 members are in the sponsor ballot pool; The comment resolution committee resolved the 77 comments received, and authorized the editor to create a draft 9.0 for further balloting.

 * April 4, 2009: Draft 9.0 passed sponsor ballot recirculation; the ballot passed by an 80.7% majority (75% required) (233 votes received, 171 approve, 41 not approve); 277 members are in the sponsor ballot pool; The comment resolution committee is resolving the 23 new comments received, and will authorize the editor to create a new draft for further balloting.

 * May 15, 2009: Draft 10.0 passed sponsor ballot recirculation.

 * June 23, 2009: Draft 11.0 passed sponsor ballot recirculation.

 * July 17, 2009: Final WG Approval passed with 53 approve, 1 against, 6 abstain. Unanimous approval to send Final WG draft 11.0 to RevCom.

 * September 11, 2009: RevCom/Standards Board approval.

 * October 29, 2009: Published.

Standard

 * IEEE 802.11n-2009
 * IEEE 802.11n-2009

title: IEEE 802.11n-2009


text:
Tomás N. Alonso

Tomás N. Alonso (1881 – 1962) is a well-known Cebuano Visayan writer. He published the first complete Cebuano translation of Jose Rizal's El filibusterismo. He also translated the Mi último adiós. He was a columnist with Bag-ong Suga and editor of the Spanish publication La opinión.

title: Tomás N. Alonso


text:
Francisco Alvarado

Francisco Alvarado is a noted playwright of zarzuela in Lineyte-Samarnon (Waray). He was a member and literary luminary of the Sanghiran san Binisaya organization which was founded in 1909 to cultivate the Waray language.

Poetry

 * Panhayhay hin Bungtohanon, 1921, Hinagpis ng Isang Taga-Bayan
 * An Marol, 1925, Ang Sampagita
 * Kaadlawon, 1925, Araw
 * Kagab-ihon, 1925, Gabi
 * Nihaga, 1930
 * Pilipinas, 1931

Anthologies

 * Panulaan At Dulaang Leytenhon-Samarnon
 * Jaime Biron Polo, Editor and translator
 * Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1994

title: Francisco Alvarado


text:
Uldarico A. Alviola

Uldarico Aguilar Alviola Sr. (born July 4, 1883, and died April 29, 1966) was a Filipino Visayan civil servant, novelist, and editor from Cebu, Philippines. While he wrote in English and Spanish, his published works in the Cebuano language earned him the title "Dean of Cebuano Writers."

Early life
He was born in Barangay San Roque, Cebu City, Philippines, on July 4, 1883. Little is known about his wife, although she was described to have the maiden surname of Calsas. Their family had 11 children namely Corazon, Filomena, Lourdes, Manuel, Marciano, Rosario, Socorro, Teresita, Uldarico Jr, Victor, and Virtud,.

Starting his writing career at the age of 19, he wrote under the pseudonyms Artagnan, Alvi, Sikatuna, M. Anabell, and arguably, Felix Gerardo, author of Justicia Social. He witnessed firsthand the imperial conflicts, from Spanish colonization to the American occupation and then later to Japanese invasion, at an age old enough to understand what was going on.

Career
A Cebuano speaker educated in Spanish, Uldarico Alviola Sr. edited several bilingual publications (Spanish and Cebuano) such as El Nacionalista, El Precursor, and Respectador. He was also the editor of the Vicente Sotto-owned periodical Ang Suga when it first saw print in 1901.

Additionally, he was a pioneering and acclaimed novelist and fiction writer. He wrote Felicitas that was published in 1912. It was the second Cebuano novel, the first being Juan Villagonzalo's Walay Igsoon (Without a Brother). Critic Erlinda Alburo described the novel as a flat, poorly written novel; nonetheless, it exhibited elements of medieval mortality play.  It was also characterized with a didactic tone.

Additionally, his English works were also published in The Cebu Advertiser, Vicente Rama-owned periodical Progress, The Star, and the Philippine Free Press.

Political career
As a civil servant, Alviola worked as a municipal treasurer of the town of Oslob, Cebu. He also served in various capacities in the government including being the Secretary of the Provincial Council, Deputy Governor of Cebu, and Secretary of the then Municipality of Cebu, now the Cebu City Council.

Award
In 1962, he received the major lifetime award, the LUDABI award from Lubas sa Dagang Bisaya, a leading national organization for writers in Cebuano language, for his contributions to Cebuano culture. He died on April 29, 1966.

Historical commemoration

 * A distinguished lexicographer, he is credited to have coined the words, "bugnong lugaynon" (electorate battle), a translation to the English word election, although other alternative, equally plausible etymologies exist.
 * The Alviola Street in Barangay Tinago is in his honor.

title: Uldarico A. Alviola


text:
File:MonashAdventurePark1.JPG

Summary
Photo of Monash Adventure Park, South Australia. Taken by Richard Rosalion (http://sobriquet.net) on 1/10/05.

title: File:MonashAdventurePark1.JPG


text:
Secretariat of Economy

In Mexico, the Secretariat of Economy (Spanish: Secretaría de Economía; abbreviated "SE") is the government department in charge of matters related to the economy. The Secretary of Economy is a member of the federal executive cabinet appointed by the President of the Republic.

Until 2000 the name of the Secretariat of Economy was the Secretariat of Commerce and Industrial Development (Secofi) but that name was changed when Vicente Fox acceded to the presidency.

Secretaries of Economy
Marcelo Ebrard was designated to serve in the position by President-elect Claudia Sheinbaum on 20 June 2024.
 * Bruno Ferrari García de Alba, until November 30, 2012.
 * Idelfonso Guajardo, December 1, 2012– December 31, 2017.
 * Graciela Márquez Colín, January 1, 2018 – January 4, 2020.
 * Tatiana Clouthier, January 5, 2021 – October 7, 2022.
 * Raquel Buenrostro Sánchez, October 7, 2022.

title: Secretariat of Economy


text: User talk:209.66.200.47

title: User talk:209.66.200.47


text:
Trebizond Gospel

Trebizond Gospel, ℓ 243 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Byzantine illuminated manuscript with the text of Gospel Lectionary, dating palaeographically to the 11th century with 15 parchment leaves (33 by 36.5 cm) from the 10th century or earlier.

Description
The text is written in two columns per page, 18 lines per page in uncial letters. It contains 15 pictures.

The book was richly decorated with gold and jewels by the Trapezuntine Emperor Andronicus. In 1858, the Trebizond Gospel was presented by the Orthodox Metropolitan of Trebizond to the Emperor Alexander II of Russia, who donated it to the Russian National Library, where is held to the present day (Codex Gr. 21, 21a).

It was examined and described by Eduard de Muralt.

The manuscript is not cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3), because of its small textual value.

title: Trebizond Gospel


text:
File:MonashAdventurePark2.jpg

Summary
Photo of Monash Adventure Park, South Australia. Taken by Richard Rosalion (http://sobriquet.net) on 1/10/05.

title: File:MonashAdventurePark2.jpg


text:
Trice

Trice may refer to:
 * Human names:
 * Trice (surname)
 * Trice Harvey (1936–2017), American politician
 * TrICE, cosmic ray telescope with formal name Track Imaging Cherenkov Experiment
 * Trice (trimaran), innovative sailboat

title: Trice


text: User talk:81.96.69.207

title: User talk:81.96.69.207


text:
Phillips Lord

Phillips Haynes Lord (July 13, 1902 – October 19, 1975) was an American radio program writer, creator, producer and narrator as well as a motion picture actor, best known for the Gang Busters radio program that was broadcast from 1935 to 1957.

Early life
Lord was born in the small town of Hartford, Vermont, the son of a Protestant clergyman. He was still an infant when his family moved to Meriden, Connecticut, where his father accepted the pastorship of a local church. As a boy, Lord spent his summers with relatives in Maine, and after completing high school he studied at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, before going to Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine. While still in college he established myriad businesses, including a book-selling operation, a shoe repair service, and a taxi cab company.

After graduation, the 22-year-old was hired as the principal at the high school in the small town of Plainville, Connecticut, reportedly the youngest person in the United States to ever hold such a position. He soon grew bored with the job and headed to New York City, where, after a series of jobs in publishing, he began writing scripts for radio.

The Seth Parker years
Lord was still in his twenties and living in New York City when he became a national radio personality. Creating the character "Seth Parker", a clergyman and backwoods philosopher based on his real-life grandfather, Hosea Phillips, Lord wrote stories for radio of rural New England humor that included the playing of old-time songs. On his own initiative, he communicated with several stations across the U.S. and sold them scripts he labeled as "Seth Parker's Singing School". An instant hit, Lord was soon contacted by NBC Radio, which contracted to buy scripts for a show to run six days a week that NBC called "Sunday Evening at Seth Parker's". This was followed by other magazine publications that acquired his scripts, and before long Lord was earning close to $100,000 a year. Not limited in his scope, during this time he wrote other successful radio programs that were designed to conclude after a specific number of episodes were broadcast. Lord's growing popularity resulted in his publishing two books in 1930, titled Seth Parker's Album and Seth Parker's Hymnal, that led to the release of 78rpm gospel records by the "Phillips Lord Trio". Lord and the radio show gained a wide audience and the September 1931 issue of The American Magazine had a feature article on him under the heading: "At 29 He Has Made a Million Friends".

In 1932, Lord published a book titled Seth Parker & His Jonesport Folks: Way Back Home from which he also wrote a stage play titled Seth Parker's Jonesport Folks; an entertainment in two acts. The book was published to coincide with the release of his 1932 motion picture produced by RKO Radio Pictures Inc., which used the shorter title from the book, Way Back Home. Starring opposite Bette Davis, Lord was billed as "Seth Parker, Preacher". Because the radio program was unknown in England, the motion picture was released there with the title Old Greatheart.

In 1933, Lord came up with the idea of buying a sailing ship and broadcasting his show via short-wave radio while sailing to exotic places around the world with a team of celebrities. He purchased the 188-foot, 867-ton four-masted schooner Georgette, which he renamed Seth Parker. Its masts were 125 feet tall. Much promotional material was released in advance of the adventure, including that Mr. Eugene Nohl would be bringing the "Hell Below", a diving shell to be used for undersea exploration. Equipped with the necessary under-water photographic equipment donated by the Pathé film studios, the hype surrounding the voyage promised that Eugene Nohl would photograph "the sunken civilizations of the South Seas Islands, of its deep marine life and formations" and of course "search for sunken treasure and bring back film of shipwrecks".

Sponsored by the Frigidaire appliance company, in December 1933 the schooner Seth Parker set sail for the South Pacific via the Panama Canal. Departing from Portland, Maine, the ship docked at various ports along the eastern seaboard such as Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Jacksonville, Florida, from where they broadcast their short-wave radio program that was retransmitted by NBC. For the listening public, this was a grand adventure by a group of wholesome Americans led by the creator of Rev. Seth Parker. However, the broadcasts revealed a bit of the frivolity behind the scenes of a voyage filled with wine, women and the kind of songs that were not found in any Seth Parker hymnal. In February 1935, disaster struck in the form of a tropical storm off the coast of American Samoa. The ship was severely damaged to the point where the expedition had to be abandoned, which spelled the end of the radio program. The ship's distress signal on February 11 was answered by HMAS Australia (D84), which was carrying the Duke of Gloucester home to the United Kingdom. With little visible damage, Lord declined the offer of support, only to summon back the Australia with another distress call early the next morning. In heavy seas, the Australia took on board nine of the schooner's crew. In response to speculation that the distress signals were a hoax, the Australian government confirmed in May that they were genuine and that no action would be taken against Lord.

Despite everything, the shortened expedition proved immensely popular with the listening audience, and the Frigidaire company promoted a 32-page illustrated booklet called Aboard the Seth Parker to publicize the voyage and as an advertisement for Frigidaire equipment on the ship. The schooner was eventually sold and its new owner managed to sail it to Coconut Island in Kane'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawaii, where it was permanently anchored for use as a bar and movie theater by Fleischmann Yeast heir Christian Holmes II. It can be seen in the 1948 Republic Pictures movie Wake of the Red Witch starring John Wayne and Gail Russell. In 1999, broadcast historian Elizabeth McLeod listed the Cruise of the Seth Parker as one of the top 100 old-time radio moments of the 20th century.

The Gang Busters era
After returning from his sailing adventure, Lord immediately set about writing and creating a new radio program. He switched from the kindly Seth Parker persona to a dark and ominous narrator's voice for his Gang Busters program, billed as "The Crime Fighters of American Broadcasting". A law enforcement reality series using authentic case histories, during the 1930s the program was hosted by Col. H. Norman Schwarzkopf and featured various actors such as Art Carney. The thirty-minute program ran on Wednesday nights at 10:00 p.m. on CBS radio and opened with the portentous sounds of machine gun fire, police whistles screaming and tires screeching, causing the phrase "coming on like gangbusters" to be coined. Copied years later by the television show America's Most Wanted, each episode of Gang Busters had up-to-the-minute reports of criminals wanted by the FBI or other law enforcement officials, many of whom were later arrested due to tips from listeners. To accomplish this, Lord hired actor/writer/civil servant Helen Sioussat (1902–1995), who later became the head of the Talks and Public Affairs Department at CBS. Such was the influence of Lord that Sioussat was given a Washington D.C. office next to J. Edgar Hoover at the Justice Department, where she was allowed access to official information from files upon which the radio series was based.

The Gang Busters radio show was an enormous long-running success with 1,008 radio broadcasts over twenty-one years from July 20, 1935, to November 20, 1957. It also spawned a long-running DC Comics comic book of the same name, and was the basis for a motion picture with the same title as well as a half-hour weekly television series in 1952, both of which were narrated by Lord. In 1954, several episodes of the television series were used to create another documentary-style motion picture of the same title. The film proved successful enough that a second was put together in 1957 from more of the old television episodes and released under the title Guns Don't Argue. In 1998, Gang Busters was part of the 30-hour audio cassette called CBS's 60 Greatest Old-Time Radio Shows.

Other accomplishments
Among his numerous other radio creations, with World War II and the Battle of Britain raging in Europe, between December 1939 and August 1940 Lord produced a radio show about aviators that opened with an interview of a real-life pilot recounting an exciting adventure in the air after which the show moved to a dramatization played by radio actors. From 1939 to 1952, he produced Mr. District Attorney, a 30-minute crime show inspired by the real-life exploits of New York's racket-busting district attorney Thomas Dewey. The radio broadcast spawned a 1941 motion picture from Republic Pictures of the same name and a 1947 Columbia Pictures production. A comic book series, Mr. District Attorney, was published by DC Comics from 1948–1959.

Lord produced the radio series By Kathleen Norris, making Norris "the first nationally famous writer to have her works brought to radio listeners as a daily serial program." The program was broadcast on CBS October 9, 1939 – September 26, 1941.

Lord's contribution to the radio industry was recognized with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6912 Hollywood Blvd. He died in 1975 in Ellsworth, Maine. In 2004, his story was told by author Martin Grams, Jr. in the book Gang Busters: The Crime Fighters of American Broadcasting.

Phillips Lord was also instrumental in raising awareness and money for the restoration of the USS Constitution.

In later years, he retired to a home he built in Surry, Maine, and developed The Gatherings Campground nearby; it is still extant today. It is also known as The Gatherings Family Campground, but the locals just call it "The Gatherings".

He also built the Jordan River Country Club in Trenton Maine, and helped develop & establish many businesses on the Bar Harbor rd in Trenton including the Cheese House, The Country Store & Trenton Trading Post (Now known as Acadia World Traders)

Marriages and children
Phillips Lord's first wife was Sophia Mecorney, and they had two children, Jean Phillips Lord and Patricia Ann Lord. They were divorced sometime after the second child was born. After her marriage to Phillips Lord, she acted in the role of Lizzy Peters in his Seth Parker radio show in the 1930s and appeared as Lizzie in the Seth Parker movie "Way Back Home", which also starred Bette Davis.

Phillips Lord married Donnie Boone on March 21, 1941.

See, https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1941/03/22/85468770.html?pageNumber=19

https://www.nytimes.com/1941/03/22/archives/miss-donnie-e-boone-becomes-the-bride-of-phillips-haynes-lord-of.html

They had only one child, Phillipa Susan Lord. The couple divorced in 1950.

title: Phillips Lord


text:
Mesocricetus

Mesocricetus is a genus of Old World hamsters, including the Syrian or golden hamster, the first hamster to be introduced as a domestic pet, and still the most popular species of hamster for that purpose.

Recent research has shown that, unlike almost all other land mammals studied, all species of this genus lack the capacity for color vision.

Species

 * Mesocricetus auratus: Golden hamster or Syrian hamster
 * Mesocricetus brandti: Turkish hamster or Brandt's hamster
 * Mesocricetus newtoni: Romanian hamster or Dobrudja hamster
 * Mesocricetus raddei: Ciscaucasian hamster

title: Mesocricetus


text:
Sydney Stadium

The Sydney Stadium was a sporting and entertainment venue in Sydney, which formerly stood on the corner of New South Head Road and Neild Avenue, Rushcutters Bay. Built in 1908, it was demolished in 1970 to make way for the construction of the Eastern Suburbs Railway.

History

Sydney Stadium was built in 1908 on the site of a former Chinese market garden that was leased by boxing promoter Hugh Donald Macintosh as a venue for sporting events.

Macintosh originally built a temporary open-air stadium to promote a World heavyweight boxing championship title fight between Canadian world heavyweight champion Tommy Burns and Australian champion Bill "Boshter" Squires on 24 August 1908, which Burns won by a knockout in the 13th Round. It also hosted the biggest sporting event in Australia's history up till then, where over 20,000 crammed in the stadium on 26 December 1908 to see Tommy Burns fight the African-American Jack Johnson. This fight captivated the world because it was the first time that a 'black' man fought for the prestigious World Heavyweight Boxing Championship, with Johnson winning to take the title.

In 1912 an octagonal structure, with a roof, was built to a design by Thomas Pollard Sampson. The new venue had raked wooden seats facing the central stage and could accommodate as many as 12,000 people. It was mainly used as a venue for boxing matches until the mid-1900s.

The Old Tin Shed
From 1954 onwards and through the 1960s, the stadium was frequently used to host concerts by visiting overseas performers – notably the groundbreaking "The Big Show" package tours promoted by expatriate American entrepreneur Lee Gordon – as it was the only large-capacity indoor venue in Sydney at that time. It colloquially became known by performers as "The Old Tin Shed" and was so big that American star Bob Hope purportedly said it was "like Texas with a roof on it".

The stadium hosted many major Australian, New Zealand, British and United States stars. Sydney Stadium was demolished in 1970 to make way for the construction of the Eastern Suburbs Railway. The location of the former site is commemorated by a plaque at the edge of the Weigall sporting field, the sports fields of Sydney Grammar and the Sydney Grammar Edgecliff Preparatory School.

Exhibition
The Museum of Sydney held a major exhibition about the history of the Sydney Stadium. The exhibition started on 22 September 2012 and finished on 10 March 2013. It looked at the origins of the Stadium as well as the fights, performers, wrestling, fans and Roller derby among other topics.

title: Sydney Stadium


text:
Talk:Rubicon Trail

[Untitled]
7/30/12 Small point, but under the "Trail Summary" section, there is following:

"A short distance beyond Walker Hill is the Soup Bowl. The Soup Bowl is a short climb with a series of ledges that is difficult to climb. High clearance and long wheelbases help with this obstacle."

Isn't the reference to "long wheelbases" incorrect? Wouldn't "short wheelbases" be helpful under such circumstances? 99.51.181.19 (talk) 04:49, 31 July 2012 (UTC)

there really needs to be something here about the current land use issues. I am just learning of what is going on and I am personally infuriated. They are talking about closing large parts of the Rubicon. Maybe if someone were more knowledgeable on this they could write a nice section about it.

some good info here: http://www.pirate4x4.com/forum/showthread.php?t=596279 Ducttapeandzipties (talk) 03:48, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

05/17/11 At your suggestion, I added the Land Use Issues section

John —Preceding unsigned comment added by JohnArenz (talk • contribs) 05:56, 18 May 2011 (UTC)

10/07/05 Hi gang, Chuck here. The new text for the Rubicon Trail page was added by me. chuck@rubicontrail.com

Don't try this with a stock 4x4 is pretty vague. Does Jeep's 'Trail Rated' badge mean a person with average driving skills can traverse this particular trial?

I've done a substantial re-write, to make the article more comply with the standards for wikipedia articles... Unfortunately, I've never actually been on the trail (I'll be abble to afford them lockers one of these days!), so someone who has should do a fact-check on my edits. Bushytails 17:57, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

It might be worth mentioning that the full Rubicon, including all obstacles is a damaging trail where unmodified 4x4s are likely to suffer significant body damage with serious risk of rollover and even modified vehicles often incur significant body and drive train damage, especially broken exhausts, axles, differentials and UJs. The guided trip for unmodified vehicles takes 3 days and the guide leaves an additional two days free for overcoming any unforeseen issues. Basically people shouldn't be left with the impression that they could turn up at this road and drive through it in an hour or two. Chann94501 23:20, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:22, 28 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Con XJXJ.jpg

OHV
The abbreviation OHV is not clear for me. Is that common? Watercarrier HAM (talk) 09:58, 1 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rubicon Trail