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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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User talk:Michaelclarke

Michael Clarke is currently a PhD researcher at the University of Bath, in the Department of European Studies and Modern Languages.

in 2005 he graduated with an honours degree in economics and politics from Queens University Belfast. In the same year he undertook a course at the first European Summer University in Grenoble France, Examining foreign policy analysis with individuals from accross Europe and the World.

From 2005-2006 he undertook and MA in international Politics at Queen's University Belfast graduating with Distinction. After starting a Phd at Queens University Belfast on the contested meaning of Norms he transfered to Bath University working with Professor Antje Wiener.

michael can be contacted at [redacted]

title: User talk:Michaelclarke


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Talk:Stuart Diver

Notable?
Is Stuart Diver notable other than as the last survivor to be rescued from the landslide? Should this article simply be merged to 1997 Thredbo landslide? --Scott Davis Talk 13:52, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd say merge. Enochlau 10:49, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree he's not notable enough outside Thredbo disaster. There may not be anything to merge here. Perhaps it doesn't belong in WP at all. Lisa 13:51, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Didn't he do a brief stint as a television host or similar after his rise to infamy? -- Longhair | Talk 03:56, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

Maybe, but the article doesn't mention it. --Scott Davis Talk 05:18, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

I'd prefer to keep this entry. I remembered his name and wondered about him. I didn't go to the Thredbo landslide. His bio should be expanded though.

I just cannot believe that such a question would even be asked? Considering some of the people that make it into an article of their own, this man deserves it far more than a lot of them!!! He was not simply the LAST survivor to be rescued from the Thredbo landslide - he was the ONLY survivor and was under the ground for several days before his incredible rescue. His survival was an awe-inspiring feat of human endurance - all the more so considering his wife died right beside him and he held on for several more days. Rescuers had all but given up hope of pulling anyone out alive when a voice was detected below the rubble. The nation watched the most gripping live telecast of his rescue for hours that unforgettable day. A biography has been written about his experience entitled "Survival". This person is a national living treasure for sure - one of our most inspiring modern-day heroes! Ruth Woodhouse 3 January, 2006

 * FYI, :The original article before the redirection is here -- Longhair 08:21, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

NO WAY!!!! Stuart is awsome for what he suvived and this story should be expanded not merged

Yeah Stuart Divers wife died right next to him, he watched her drown! his wife! imagin how he uld have felt traped there wih his wifes dead body next to him the perosn he loved most, gone in like 30secs in the worst possible way! I LOVE STUART DIVER!

I need to no the actual day stuart diver was born and the education he had and the carrer / job more then just a ski instuctor and hid family life parents brothers sister hello MORE INFORMATION yer i reckon he is luky to be alive —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.218.99.5 (talk) 06:09, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

'''Wooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo! he luky guy aii.''' —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.218.99.5 (talk) 06:18, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

wow is any 1 gay —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.218.99.5 (talk) 06:25, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stuart Diver


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Valley West Mall

Valley West Mall is an enclosed super-regional shopping mall in West Des Moines, Iowa. The mall's only anchor store is JCPenney. There are two vacant anchor stores that were once Younkers and Von Maur.

History
Frederick Watson, a developer from Minneapolis, Minnesota, first unveiled plans for Valley West Mall in 1971. The Meredith Corporation initially objected to the mall since it was right next to a site where Meredith planned to build its new corporate headquarters, but Meredith withdrew its plan to relocate there in June 1971. A dispute with Dayton Hudson Corporation over plans to put a Dayton's department store at Valley West Mall also delayed construction. After Davenport-based Petersen Harned Von Maur signed a lease agreement to anchor the mall in mid-1974, Dayton Hudson unsuccessfully sued Watson, claiming it was promised a spot in the mall. The legal battle against Dayton Hudson also led to a delay in signing a third anchor store after Von Maur and Omaha-based Brandeis, as JCPenney refused to sign a lease agreement until the suit was settled. Valley West Mall opened August 4, 1975, with about 20 stores and its first anchor, Brandeis. The mall's grand opening ceremony was held on July 28, 1976, with the opening of the second anchor, Petersen Harned Von Maur, and an additional 40 specialty stores. JCPenney, the third anchor, opened in March 1977 to complete the mall. Brandeis was acquired by Younkers in 1987. Petersen Harned Von Maur changed its name to Von Maur in 1989. By 2000, Valley West was the Des Moines area's most-visited mall with an average of 40,000 shoppers per day.

Plans for a fourth anchor store at Valley West Mall were announced on two separate occasions but never materialized. In March 1999, Dillard's signed a letter of intent with Watson Centers to build a $30 million store and parking ramp, but the letter of intent expired in August 2000, and Dillard's located in the new Jordan Creek Town Center instead. In May 2001, Galyan's (now Dick's Sporting Goods) announced a plan to build an 84000 sqft anchor store, but by January 2003, it backed out of its plan to enter the Des Moines market.

While Jordan Creek was under construction, Valley West underwent an interior renovation that was completed in August 2003.

A food court joined the mall in 1998, replacing a vacated Dunham's Sports.

Legal issues
On December 24, 1998, a group of activists passed out handbills outside of Valley West Mall's JCPenney store that accused Phillips-Van Heusen, whose clothing line was sold at JCPenney, of promoting sweatshop conditions. The activists were removed by West Des Moines police and arrested for trespassing. Two of them sued the city of West Des Moines and took their case to the Iowa Supreme Court, arguing that malls like Valley West had become large public gathering places where they had the right to freedom of speech. West Des Moines, on the other hand, argued that Valley West was a private property and the owners would lose control of their property if handbill distribution was allowed. On April 3, 2002, the Iowa Supreme Court ruled in favor of West Des Moines.

Valley West Mall and Merle Hay Mall were plaintiffs in a lawsuit against the city of West Des Moines over the construction of Jordan Creek Town Center. The suit, which claimed that West Des Moines was illegally using tax increment financing money to improve the infrastructure around Jordan Creek, was dismissed by the Iowa Supreme Court on February 27, 2002.

On April 18, 2018 it was announced that Younkers would be closing as the parent, Bon-Ton Stores, was going out of business. The store closed on August 29, 2018.

On August 24, 2021, it was announced that Von Maur will close its store at Valley West Mall in 2022 in favor opening a new one at Jordan Creek Town Center. JCPenney will be its only anchor left.

Anchor

 * JCPenney (136312 sqft)

title: Valley West Mall


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Pencader Hundred

Pencader Hundred is an unincorporated subdivision of New Castle County, Delaware. Hundreds were once used as a basis for representation in the Delaware General Assembly, and while their names still appear on all real estate transactions, they presently have no meaningful use or purpose except as a geographical point of reference. It is named after Pencader, Carmarthenshire, Wales.

Boundaries and formation
Pencader Hundred is that portion of western New Castle County that lies south and west of the Christiana River, north of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, and generally west of Salem Church Road and Red Lion Road (DE Route 71). It also includes a large area north and east of the Christiana River generally from the old Pennsylvania Railroad tracks to Cooch's Bridge, as well as another small area south of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, west of Summit Bridge and north of Back Creek. Finally, it excludes the small area west of the Christiana River immediately west of Newark. It was formed from portions of New Castle Hundred, Christiana Hundred and Red Lion Hundred in 1710.

Originally, the default boundary of Delaware and Maryland was the vague height of land between the Delaware River and Chesapeake Bay drainage basins and Pencader Hundred extended only to that point. With the running of the Mason–Dixon line in 1767, the western boundary of Delaware was established in its present location and became Pencader Hundred's western boundary. A portion of the city of Newark and the Glasgow Census Designated Place (CDP) is in Pencader Hundred.

Development
Pencader Hundred is rural and agricultural in places, but there has been considerable residential and commercial development in the 1980s and 1990s which continues to this day. This area is among the fastest growing parts of Delaware.

Geography
Important geographical features, in addition to the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, Christiana River, and Back Creek, include Five Mile Run, Chestnut Hill and Iron Hill. It is mostly in the coastal plain region on the Delmarva Peninsula, but an extension of the piedmont in the northwest corner provides a couple of prominent hills to the area.

Transportation
Important roads include portions of Interstate 95, the Pulaski Highway (U.S. Route 40), Summit Bridge Road (Delaware Route 896), and the old main highway between Wilmington and Baltimore, now Old Baltimore Pike. A portion of the old Delaware Railroad, subsequently the Delmarva branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad runs north–south at the eastern edge. The old Newark-Delaware City railroad, now Norfolk Southern Railway's Delmarva Secondary, crosses the northeastern corner.

title: Pencader Hundred


text: File:August wilson.jpg

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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/His Story: The True Biography of Anton Szandor LaVey

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 04:37, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

His Story: The True Biography of Anton Szandor LaVey
Appears to be an article created primarily to support his other article Marvin "Knife" Sotelo which is also marked for deletion. Minimal Wikipedia value. It is important to note that this is an actual book, although self-published by the article's author. Cpaliga 13:54, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity article about self-published vanity book.--Isotope23 17:41, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. We have an article on Anton Szandor LaVey. This book is not important enough need an article of its own. The title is not useful as a redirect. Dpbsmith (talk) 01:39, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. If more info on the book can be found (publisher, ISBN, etc.) then consider adding to LaVey page as part of the "Books about LaVey" list? Crypticfirefly 04:58, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Sure, but I want that to be an independent edit, because I don't want to get into the issue of GFDL-compliant-merge-and-deletes being difficult to do. There isn't enough in this article to be worth that hassle. If someone wants to add the book to the article Anton Szandor LaVey in the way you suggest I'd support that. Dpbsmith (talk) 12:21, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I could find no record of the book in the Library of Congress database or WorldCat.  The book is self-published and available for sale (or as a free download) from lulu.com, but apparently isn't high enough on any library's radar screen to collect a copy.  This would argue against notability . . .  Crypticfirefly 03:55, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Talk:Scott Walker (singer)

?
surprised to find no information re his personal life —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.34.145.82 (talk) 15:30, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

Alcoholism
Occasionally one finds in press coverage an allusion to a struggle with alcoholism, and in the 30 Century Man documentary Walker mentions that after the 1960s came "a whole lot of drinking". Perhaps these personal struggles could be added to the article, assuming appropriate citations could be found? It would certainly help explain his artistic changes in the early '70s. 188.24.74.173 (talk) 03:36, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

Popularity
"their popularity and fan base is said to have exceeded The Beatles in the UK and Europe"

Said by whom? I was there in the 60s, fully aware of the pop scene, and the statement is ridiculous. Compared to John Paul George & Ringo, The Fab Four, The Boys, The Moptops, The Beatles, whatever you want to call them, the Walker Bros were all but irrelevant. They couldn't even write their own tunes so their wasn't even a "Lennon-McCartney" comparison.

76.103.116.3 (talk) 23:23, 5 February 2011 (UTC)

It's an overstatement, but in 1967 there were more people in the Walker Brothers Fan Club in the UK than there were in the (official) Beatles Fan Club. Also several of the Walker Brothers songs were written by the group. Nearly all of "Scott 3", half of "Til The Band Comes In", all of "Scott 4", "Climate of Hunter", "Tilt" and "The Drift" was written by Scott. I realise none of these songs compare with those great Lennon-McCartney compositions like "Twist and Shout", "Roll Over Beethoven", "Rock'n'Roll Music"... er... "You Really Got A Hold On Me"... These pages shouldn't be written by and for fans. Nor should they be written by people who want to bend/ ignore the facts because they don't like the artist. That said, this page is crap. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.78.74.2 (talk) 13:42, 13 May 2011 (UTC)

I don't see how any points ventured in that rather schitzophrenic retort help validate your position in any way. If you are so irritated by people who bend the facts to suit their own purposes then I fail to see why you would cite cover versions The Beatles performed early in their career as some sort of evidence against a largely laughable claim made on this page. The Beatles had ceased recording cover versions before The Walker Brothers had even released their first album. By 1967 they had issued four albums comprised entirely of original material, each of which was massively influential on the music world internationally. And why you would mention The Drift et al is beyond me as this was recorded 30 years after the period we are discussing. These pages shouldn't be written by and for fans indeed.Tetsuo the cat (talk) 10:06, 7 December 2011 (UTC)

As a person who listens to both the Beatles and Scott Walker intently, it's inane to compare the cultural influence of the Walker Brothers to the Beatles in the late 60s. That particular comparison to the popularity of the Beatles based on fan club size is made in the trailer for the documentary 30 Century Man. A "fanclub" is not really a good measure of the influence of a musician, but then again neither are sales. In any case, it's apparent that the Beatles were ubiquitous and known by the general public, whereas Scott Walker was/is probably not.

That being said, there is no need to diminish Scott Walker's early accomplishments and musical ability. He was a proficient bass guitarist and studied Gregorian chant, both of which are difficult to do without reading music, but at any rate, reading music and understanding theory do not a musical genius make. Remember, the Beatles themselves used to claim that they couldn't/didn't read music, and most of the jazz and rhythm and blues artists they looked up to didn't site read either. Wally Stott claims Scott Walker was quite adept and well-versed in classical music and would suggest composers he had in mind for various sections on his solo material in 30 Century Man, but really who cares?

It's misleading to cite the fanclub numbers, because it seems to imply their fan base was bigger than the Beatles. It just wasn't, in the UK or abroad. Scott Walker's work is not for everybody, whereas the music of the Beatles seems to be as close to that elusive horizon of universality as is possible. It would be nice if discussions and editing could take place with some objectivity by people interested in a subject rather than those devoted to a subject.96.235.34.41 (talk) 19:24, 29 January 2012 (UTC)

Scott Walker's religion
Scott Walker IS!!! Jewish — Preceding unsigned comment added by 120.149.112.116 (talk) 12:13, 17 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Source? Ghmyrtle (talk) 09:58, 18 January 2013 (UTC)

Don't need a source!
You don't need a source! He just is! It's a known fact, like Bob Dylan is and Leonard Cohen is and Lou Reed and just like the late great WHO drummer Keith Moon! (136.186.254.152 (talk) 00:25, 15 October 2013 (UTC))
 * No. We need a source.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 07:29, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

Okay then!
www.telegraph.co.uk › Culture › Film › Film Reviews Apr 27, 2007 - Instead, there is at times a tacit embrace of Walker as an American who renounced America, the Jewish modernist named Scott Engel who ... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 120.149.113.202 (talk) 00:11, 27 December 2013 (UTC)

Influence on other artists
This section is, with one exception, unsourced. I've tagged it for the moment, but I'm intending to be ruthless and remove it if nobody adds some sources in the next couple of weeks ~dom Kaos~ (talk) 22:29, 20 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Many of these claims can be sourced via the documentary 30 Century Man (Bowie and Jarvis Cocker, especially, come to mind) - I'll need to do a bit of digging regarding how to cite AV Media and re-watch the movie before making a move, though. That being said, some of the influence claims in this are pretty spurious. Kaini (talk) 22:47, 20 November 2014 (UTC)
 * It sounds like you're more knowledgeable than I am on the subject: I'll leave it in your hands ;-) ~dom Kaos~ (talk) 13:52, 21 November 2014 (UTC)

John Maus
Just casually reading this and have no idea how to use wikipedia but last paragraph of "early history" section doesn't seem to make a lot of sense; don't know how Walker could have met John Maus in 1961 when Maus wasn't born until 1980... also the Surfaris page has no mention of Walker, and why would Walker have a sister with the last name Maus? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.70.83.222 (talk) 19:01, 2 February 2016 (UTC)
 * See John Maus (nothing to do with this article) and John Walker (musician) - whose birth name was John Maus.  Someone added an incorrect and misleading wikilink to the wrong person's page.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 19:09, 2 February 2016 (UTC)

genres
User:Holanthony Seeing as Wikipedia guidelines ask that the infobox be kept general (2-4 genres ideally), we should be aiming for a general overview of Walker's career, not adding in every genre tag that's ever been associated with him in print, let's see what labels seem to be most popular:

 * Pop music
 * avant-garde music
 * art rock
 * experimental music
 * orchestral pop
 * baroque pop
 * blue-eyed soul
 * country rock, country pop, or simply country (note—all the sources seem to treat this as a weird, unrepresentative phase in Walker's career, not a defining style)

To condense all this, I suggest:
 * pop
 * avant-garde

Simple and general, encapsulates everything else on this list without getting bogged down in specifics.

Also, if you're going to add in genres, mind paying any attention to the capitalization and citation formatting so that page doesn't look like trash? GentleCollapse16 (talk) 18:54, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

User:GentleCollapse16The Wikiguidelines are usually a good yardstick to use, but they are intentionally left open (through the use of the word "ideally") for adding more genres if necessary. In Scott Walker's case, he has had a far more prolific and broad career than most singers of his generation and his style has gone through many different iterations through the years. By that, I don't mean that he just dabbled in one or two songs here and there in the named categories. Rather, he has released actual albums in these categories which as such define him in that given category during that particular period. This is why I feel multiple categories are warranted in his case, as they represent the progression of his career stages. For instance, earlier records (mid-60s) would define Walker as baroque-pop/blue eyed soul whereas the early 70s would see him turn to country, whereas he in the mid-70s would veer off towards pop and in the late 70s/mid80-s would see his transition into art rock, which would then transform fully into experimental music. Calling the Scott Walker of today a "pop singer" I feel would be just as misleading as calling the Scott Walker of the early 70s an "arthouse rock artist". For other performers I can totally see your point, but in this case, the different categories do provide a more accurate representation of who Scott Walker is and the music styles he represents. It makes it more fair to the readers who are not familiar with his musical styles and the metamorphosis he has undergone through the ages.Holanthony (talk) 21:50, 15 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Do you really not think that all of Walker's output could be categorized under the incredibly broad labels of "pop music" and "avant-garde music"? Those are purposefully large phrases that don't lump him into any narrow, particular styles while doing justice to his breadth. I mean, the Beatles recorded three or four records of "psychedelic rock" but that's not up on their page, Miles Davis could be lumped in with 20 different styles over his 4 decade career but his page just says jazz—there's no reason to go for stingy specifics and box an artist into all these little made up terms.GentleCollapse16 (talk) 22:15, 15 July 2016 (UTC)
 * I agree that there are too many categories. Even the lead emphasizes that he's had an "unorthodox path", so it's reasonable to want this to be more specific, but I still think simple is better in this case. As a practical matter, crowded infoboxes don't effectively provide information, they just cause eyes to glaze over. That's especially true for music infoboxes, which tend to become dominated by those who already have strong opinions about what genres belong and which don't. Keeping it simple is a good way to limit this, and all the info can still be presented in the body with appropriate context. Grayfell (talk) 22:37, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

User:GentleCollapse16 User:Grayfell Possibly, but the Miles Davies and Beatles comparison is off on several accounts. Primarily because Scott effectively abandoned the Pop scene in the the 1970s and unlike the two aforementioned artists, he metamorphosed exclusively into that particular genre (country, art rock or experimental music, depending on the time period). For instance, Scott's foray into country reflected not only on his solo career, but also on the stuff he did with the Walker Brothers. It was that genre he wanted to be known as during that particular time. He would then leave country for art house and later experimental. During this period, it would be unfair and misleading to pass these ventures of as "pop" simply because it is not representative of Scott's musical ambition during this given time. I agree that we could perhaps pass of the subsets of his 1960s music into the very broad scope of "pop music" (whether it was baroque pop, blue eyed soul, easy listening etc.). but the period that came post-1960s is in my opinion a completely different kettle of fish since he strayed too far from the mainstream scene that would define his previous audience. I would suggest a compromise in which his later career endeavors (which are markedly different) are listed as separate categories. This also makes it clear for the reader what styles he represents. Holanthony (talk) 10:55, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

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American?
I've noticed with many Wikipedia articles that if a musician moves to another country and takes citizenship in that country, this is reflected in the article. (For example, Arnold Schoenberg is described as an "Austrian-American composer.") In this article, Walker is referred to as "American." He's been based in Britain since the 1960s and (as the article states), he took U.K. citizenship in 1970. So shouldn't he be referred to as "Anglo-American" now? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.113.154.209 (talk) 09:38, 11 July 2018 (UTC)
 * I think this is a fair point, and I've edited the lead accordingly - to state that he is American-born, and placed the mention of British nationality in the opening paragraph. Ghmyrtle (talk) 10:59, 11 July 2018 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't edit-war about it, but I think the best solution is "American-British X" or something like that. "American-born British X" makes it sound like the American part of his nationality is incidental or trivial, and that the fundamental nature of the artist is British. I'd say the first 22 year of a person's life are quite formative - it's not like he way born on a layover. 2606:A000:8183:F400:58:F44D:45E8:309D (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 08:22, 30 May 2020 (UTC)
 * I disagree. "American-born British" is pretty clear.  "American-British" is unclear (especially, I think, to people in the UK who would not use such terminology).  Ghmyrtle (talk) 09:47, 30 May 2020 (UTC)

Jewish
Why is there no mention of the fact he is Jewish? (165.120.18.233 (talk) 13:37, 28 July 2018 (UTC))
 * Where are the sources that say that he is?  Ghmyrtle (talk) 16:12, 28 July 2018 (UTC)
 * His real name was Engel, a Jewish name. (86.180.20.239 (talk) 12:28, 25 March 2019 (UTC))
 * That is not enough. He may well have had Jewish heritage, but to describe him as Jewish requires a reliable source and, preferably, some evidence of self-identification.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 13:16, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

Date of death
The breathtakingly incorrect date of death needed changing. Not only does this source quote "Friday" (22nd March), but the respected UK newspaper The Guardian, in its obituary, confirms this date, rather than the 25th (see here for that obit, and scroll to the bottom line). Ref (chew) (do) 00:02, 27 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scott Walker (singer)


text:
Peaceful nuclear explosion

Peaceful nuclear explosions (PNEs) are nuclear explosions conducted for non-military purposes. Proposed uses include excavation for the building of canals and harbours, electrical generation, the use of nuclear explosions to drive spacecraft, and as a form of wide-area fracking. PNEs were an area of some research from the late 1950s into the 1980s, primarily in the United States and Soviet Union.

In the U.S., a series of tests were carried out under Project Plowshare. Some of the ideas considered included blasting a new Panama Canal, constructing the proposed Nicaragua Canal, the use of underground explosions to create electricity (Project PACER), and a variety of mining, geological, and radionuclide studies. The largest of the excavation tests was carried out in the Sedan nuclear test in 1962, which released large amounts of radioactive gas into the air. By the late 1960s, public opposition to Plowshare was increasing, and a 1970s study of the economics of the concepts suggested they had no practical use. Plowshare saw decreasing interest from the 1960s, and was officially cancelled in 1977.

The Soviet program started a few years after the U.S. efforts and explored many of the same concepts under their Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy program. The program was more extensive, eventually conducting 239 nuclear explosions. Some of these tests also released radioactivity, including a significant release of plutonium into the groundwater and the polluting of an area near the Volga River. A major part of the program in the 1970s and 80s was the use of very small bombs to produce shock waves as a seismic measuring tool, and as part of these experiments, two bombs were successfully used to seal blown-out oil wells. The program officially ended in 1988.

As part of ongoing arms control efforts, both programs came to be controlled by a variety of agreements. Most notable among these is the 1976 Treaty on Underground Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes (PNE Treaty). The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty of 1996 prohibits all nuclear explosions, regardless of whether they are for peaceful purposes or not. Since that time the topic has been raised several times, often as a method of asteroid impact avoidance.

Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty
In the PNE Treaty, the signatories agreed: not to carry out any individual nuclear explosions having a yield exceeding 150 kilotons TNT equivalent; not to carry out any group explosion (consisting of a number of individual explosions) having an aggregate yield exceeding 1,500 kilotons; and not to carry out any group explosion having an aggregate yield exceeding 150 kilotons unless the individual explosions in the group could be identified and measured by agreed verification procedures. The parties also reaffirmed their obligations to comply fully with the Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1963.

The parties reserve the right to carry out nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes in the territory of another country if requested to do so, but only in full compliance with the yield limitations and other provisions of the PNE Treaty and in accord with the Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Articles IV and V of the PNE Treaty set forth the agreed verification arrangements. In addition to the use of national technical means, the treaty states that information and access to sites of explosions will be provided by each side, and includes a commitment not to interfere with verification means and procedures.

The protocol to the PNE Treaty sets forth the specific agreed arrangements for ensuring that no weapon-related benefits precluded by the Threshold Test Ban Treaty are derived by carrying out a nuclear explosion used for peaceful purposes, including provisions for use of the hydrodynamic yield measurement method, seismic monitoring, and on-site inspection.

The agreed statement that accompanies the treaty specifies that a "peaceful application" of an underground nuclear explosion would not include the developmental testing of any nuclear explosive.

United States: Operation Plowshare
Operation Plowshare was the name of the U.S. program for the development of techniques to use nuclear explosives for peaceful purposes. The name was coined in 1961, taken from Micah 4:3 ("And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more"). Twenty-eight nuclear blasts were detonated between 1961 and 1973.

One of the first U.S. proposals for peaceful nuclear explosions that came close to being carried out was Project Chariot, which would have used several hydrogen bombs to create an artificial harbor at Cape Thompson, Alaska. It was never carried out due to concerns for the native populations and the fact that there was little potential use for the harbor to justify its risk and expense. There was also talk of using nuclear explosions to excavate a second Panama Canal, as well as an alternative to the Suez Canal.

The largest excavation experiment took place in 1962 at the Department of Energy's Nevada Test Site. The Sedan nuclear test carried out as part of Operation Storax displaced 12 million tons of earth, creating the largest man-made crater in the world, generating a large nuclear fallout over Nevada and Utah. Three tests were conducted in order to stimulate natural gas production, but the effort was abandoned as impractical because of cost and radioactive contamination of the gas.

There were many negative impacts from Project Plowshare's 27 nuclear explosions. For example, the Project Gasbuggy site, located 55 mi east of Farmington, New Mexico, still contains nuclear contamination from a single subsurface blast in 1967. Other consequences included blighted land, relocated communities, tritium-contaminated water, radioactivity, and fallout from debris being hurled high into the atmosphere. These were ignored and downplayed until the program was terminated in 1977, due in large part to public opposition, after $770 million had been spent on the project.

Soviet Union: Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy
The Soviet Union conducted a much more vigorous program of 239 nuclear tests, some with multiple devices, between 1965 and 1988 under the auspices of Program No. 6—Employment of Nuclear Explosive Technologies in the Interests of National Economy and Program No. 7—Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy.

The initial program was patterned on the U.S. version, with the same basic concepts being studied. One test, Chagan test in January 1965, has been described as a "near clone" of the U.S. Sedan shot. Like Sedan, Chagan also resulted in a massive plume of radioactive material being blown high into the atmosphere, with an estimated 20% of the fission products with it. Detection of the plume over Japan led to accusations by the U.S. that the Soviets had carried out an above-ground test in violation of the Partial Test Ban Treaty, but these charges were later dropped.

The later, and more extensive, "Deep Seismic Sounding" Program focused on the use of much smaller explosions for various geological uses. Some of these tests are considered to be operational, not purely experimental. These included the use of peaceful nuclear explosions to create deep seismic profiles. Compared to the usage of conventional explosives or mechanical methods, nuclear explosions allow the collection of longer seismic profiles (up to several thousand kilometres).

Alexey Yablokov has stated that all PNE technologies have non-nuclear alternatives and that many PNEs actually caused nuclear disasters.

Reports on the successful Soviet use of nuclear explosions in extinguishing out-of-control gas well fires were widely cited in United States policy discussions of options for stopping the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

Other nations
Germany at one time considered manufacturing nuclear explosives for civil engineering purposes. In the early 1970s a feasibility study was conducted for a project to build a canal from the Mediterranean Sea to the Qattara Depression in the Western Desert of Egypt using nuclear demolition. This project proposed to use 213 devices, with yields of 1 to 1.5 megatons, detonated at depths of 100 to 500 m to build this canal for the purpose of producing hydroelectric power.

The Smiling Buddha, India's first explosive nuclear device, was described by the Indian Government as a peaceful nuclear explosion.

In Australia, nuclear blasting was proposed as a way of mining iron ore in the Pilbara.

Civil engineering and energy production

Apart from their use as weapons, nuclear explosives have been tested and used, in a similar manner to chemical high explosives, for various non-military uses. These have included large-scale earth moving, isotope production and the stimulation and closing-off of the flow of natural gas.

At the peak of the Atomic Age, the United States initiated Operation Plowshare, involving "peaceful nuclear explosions". The United States Atomic Energy Commission chairman announced that the Plowshare project was intended to "highlight the peaceful applications of nuclear explosive devices and thereby create a climate of world opinion that is more favorable to weapons development and tests". The Operation Plowshare program included 27 nuclear tests designed towards investigating these non-weapon uses from 1961 through 1973. Due to the inability of the U.S. physicists to reduce the fission fraction of low-yield (approximately 1 kiloton) nuclear devices that would have been required for many civil engineering projects, when long-term health and clean-up costs from fission products were included in the cost, there was virtually no economic advantage over conventional explosives except for potentially the very largest projects.

The Qattara Depression Project was developed by Professor Friedrich Bassler during his appointment to the West German ministry of economics in 1968. He put forth a plan to create a Saharan lake and hydroelectric power station by blasting a tunnel between the Mediterranean Sea and the Qattara Depression in Egypt, an area that lies below sea level. The core problem of the entire project was the water supply to the depression. Calculations by Bassler showed that digging a canal or tunnel would be too expensive, therefore Bassler determined that the use of nuclear explosive devices, to excavate the canal or tunnel, would be the most economical. The Egyptian government declined to pursue the idea.

The Soviet Union conducted a much more exhaustive program than Plowshare, with 239 nuclear tests between 1965 and 1988. Furthermore, many of the "tests" were considered economic applications, not tests, in the Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy program.

These included a 30 kilotons explosion being used to close the Uzbekistani Urtabulak gas well in 1966 that had been blowing since 1963, and a few months later a 47 kilotons explosive was used to seal a higher-pressure blowout at the nearby Pamuk gas field. (For more details, see Blowout (well drilling).)

Devices that produced the highest proportion of their yield via fusion-only reactions are possibly the Taiga Soviet peaceful nuclear explosions of the 1970s. Their public records indicate 98% of their 15 kiloton explosive yield was derived from fusion reactions, so only 0.3 kiloton was derived from fission.

The repeated detonation of nuclear devices underground in salt domes, in a somewhat analogous manner to the explosions that power a car's internal combustion engine (in that it would be a heat engine), has also been proposed as a means of fusion power in what is termed PACER. Other investigated uses for low-yield peaceful nuclear explosions were underground detonations to stimulate, by a process analogous to fracking, the flow of petroleum and natural gas in tight formations; this was developed most in the Soviet Union, with an increase in the production of many well heads being reported.

Terraforming
In 2015, billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk popularized an approach in which the cold planet Mars could be terraformed by the detonation of high-fusion-yielding thermonuclear devices over the mostly dry-ice icecaps on the planet. Musk's specific plan would not be very feasible within the energy limitations of historically manufactured nuclear devices (ranging in kilotons of TNT-equivalent), therefore requiring major advancement for it to be considered. In part due to these problems, the physicist Michio Kaku (who initially put forward the concept) instead suggests using nuclear reactors in the typical land-based district heating manner to make isolated tropical biomes on the Martian surface.

Alternatively, as nuclear detonations are presently somewhat limited in terms of demonstrated achievable yield, the use of an off-the-shelf nuclear explosive device could be employed to "nudge" a Martian-grazing comet toward a pole of the planet. Impact would be a much more efficient scheme to deliver the required energy, water vapor, greenhouse gases, and other biologically significant volatiles that could begin to quickly terraform Mars. One such opportunity for this occurred in October 2014 when a "once-in-a-million-years" comet (designated as C/2013 A1, also known as comet "Siding Spring") came within 87,000 miles of the Martian atmosphere.

Physics
The discovery and synthesis of new chemical elements by nuclear transmutation, and their production in the necessary quantities to allow study of their properties, was carried out in nuclear explosive device testing. For example, the discovery of the short-lived einsteinium and fermium, both created under the intense neutron flux environment within thermonuclear explosions, followed the first Teller–Ulam thermonuclear device test—Ivy Mike. The rapid capture of so many neutrons required in the synthesis of einsteinium would provide the needed direct experimental confirmation of the so-called r-process, the multiple neutron absorptions needed to explain the cosmic nucleosynthesis (production) of all chemical elements heavier than nickel on the periodic table in supernova explosions, before beta decay, with the r-process explaining the existence of many stable elements in the universe.

The worldwide presence of new isotopes from atmospheric testing beginning in the 1950s led to the 2008 development of a reliable way to detect art forgeries. Paintings created after that period may contain traces of caesium-137 and strontium-90, isotopes that did not exist in nature before 1945. (Fission products were produced in the natural nuclear fission reactor at Oklo about 1.7 billion years ago, but these decayed away before the earliest known human painting.)

Both climatology and particularly aerosol science, a subfield of atmospheric science, were largely created to answer the question of how far and wide fallout would travel. Similar to radioactive tracers used in hydrology and materials testing, fallout and the neutron activation of nitrogen gas served as a radioactive tracer that was used to measure and then help model global circulations in the atmosphere by following the movements of fallout aerosols.

After the Van Allen Belts surrounding Earth were discovered about in 1958, James Van Allen suggested that a nuclear detonation would be one way of probing the magnetic phenomenon. Data obtained from the August 1958 Project Argus test shots, a high-altitude nuclear explosion investigation, were vital to the early understanding of Earth's magnetosphere. Soviet nuclear physicist and Nobel peace prize recipient Andrei Sakharov also proposed the idea that earthquakes could be mitigated and particle accelerators could be made by utilizing nuclear explosions, with the latter created by connecting a nuclear explosive device with another of his inventions, the explosively pumped flux compression generator, to accelerate protons to collide with each other to probe their inner workings, an endeavor that is now done at much lower energy levels with non-explosive superconducting magnets in CERN. Sakharov suggested to replace the copper coil in his MK generators by a big superconductor solenoid to magnetically compress and focus underground nuclear explosions into a shaped charge effect. He theorized this could focus 1023 positively charged protons per second on a 1 mm2 surface, then envisaged making two such beams collide in the form of a supercollider.

Underground nuclear explosive data from peaceful nuclear explosion test shots have been used to investigate the composition of Earth's mantle, analogous to the exploration geophysics practice of mineral prospecting with chemical explosives in "deep seismic sounding" reflection seismology.

Project A119, proposed in the 1960s, which as Apollo scientist Gary Latham explained, would have been the detonating of a "smallish" nuclear device on the Moon in order to facilitate research into its geologic make-up. Analogous in concept to the comparatively low yield explosion created by the water prospecting (LCROSS) Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite mission, which launched in 2009 and released the "Centaur" kinetic energy impactor, an impactor with a mass of 2,305 kg (5,081 lb), and an impact velocity of about 9000 km/h, releasing the kinetic energy equivalent of detonating approximately 2 tons of TNT (8.86 GJ).

Propulsion use

The first preliminary examination of the effects of nuclear detonations upon various metal and non-metal materials, occurred in 1955 with Operation Teapot, were a chain of approximately basketball sized spheres of material, were arrayed at fixed aerial distances, descending from the shot tower. In what was then a surprising experimental observation, all but the spheres directly within the shot tower survived, with the greatest ablation noted on the aluminum sphere located 60 ft from the detonation point, with slightly over 1 in of surface material absent upon recovery. These spheres are often referred to as "Lew Allen's balls", after the project manager during the experiments.

The ablation data collected for various materials and the distances the spheres were propelled, serve as the bedrock for the nuclear pulse propulsion study, Project Orion. The direct use of nuclear explosives, by using the impact of ablated propellant plasma from a nuclear shaped charge acting on the rear pusher plate of a ship, was and continues to be seriously studied as a potential propulsion mechanism.

Although likely never achieving orbit due to aerodynamic drag, the first macroscopic object to obtain Earth orbital velocity was a "900kg manhole cover" propelled by the somewhat focused detonation of test shot Pascal-B in August 1957. The use of a subterranean shaft and nuclear device to propel an object to escape velocity has since been termed a "thunder well".

In the 1970s Edward Teller, in the United States, popularized the concept of using a nuclear detonation to power an explosively pumped soft X-ray laser as a component of a ballistic missile defense shield known as Project Excalibur. This created dozens of highly focused X-ray beams that would cause the missile to break up due to laser ablation.

Laser ablation is one of the damage mechanisms of a laser weapon, but it is also one of the researched methods behind pulsed laser propulsion intended for spacecraft, though usually powered by means of conventionally pumped, laser arrays. For example, ground flight testing by Professor Leik Myrabo, using a non-nuclear, conventionally powered pulsed laser test-bed, successfully lifted a lightcraft 72 meters in altitude by a method similar to ablative laser propulsion in 2000.

A powerful solar system based soft X-ray, to ultraviolet, laser system has been calculated to be capable of propelling an interstellar spacecraft, by the light sail principle, to 11% of the speed of light. In 1972 it was also calculated that a 1 Terawatt, 1-km diameter X-ray laser with 1 angstrom wavelength impinging on a 1-km diameter sail, could propel a spacecraft to Alpha Centauri in 10 years.

Asteroid impact avoidance
A proposed means of averting an asteroid impacting with Earth, assuming short lead times between detection and Earth impact, is to detonate one, or a series, of nuclear explosive devices, on, in, or in a stand-off proximity orientation with the asteroid, with the latter method occurring far enough away from the incoming threat to prevent the potential fracturing of the near-Earth object, but still close enough to generate a high thrust laser ablation effect.

A 2007 NASA analysis of impact avoidance strategies using various technologies stated: Nuclear stand-off explosions are assessed to be 10–100 times more effective than the non-nuclear alternatives analyzed in this study. Other techniques involving the surface or subsurface use of nuclear explosives may be more efficient, but they run an increased risk of fracturing the target near-Earth object. They also carry higher development and operations risks.

title: Peaceful nuclear explosion


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User:Paustin

Paul Andrew Austin (born November 25, 1967 in Lawton,Oklahoma), is a software support manager at IBM. He currently lives in Beacon, New York.

Paul was born in Lawton, Oklahoma, at Reynolds Army Hospital in Fort Sill. His family moved to Taiwan, Fort Sheridan IL, and Syracuse NY. Paul graduated in 1985 from Liverpool High School and briefly attended Onondaga Community College before changing his major and college to the State University of New York at Oswego where he studied writing.

Graduating in 1989, Paul applied for work at IBM and became a technical writer for the TPF operating system. He subsequently worked in Customer Service, Software Development, and Software Test for TPF before moving to the WebSphere product line where he became a manager. He now works in z/OS Software Support.

Paul is married with a stepdaughter and a son.

title: User:Paustin


text:
User:67124etc

Hi.

title: User:67124etc


text: Template:Videogame-bio-stub

title: Template:Videogame-bio-stub


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Mamuju (city)

Mamuju is the capital of the Indonesian province of West Sulawesi. The town was formerly part of South Sulawesi province.

Education
Education in Mamuju extends up to SMA III (Year 12) and people from surrounding areas (especially the area of Kalumpang) will travel to Mamuju to further their education. Students who wish to pursue a tertiary education must travel to larger towns like Makassar.

Agriculture
Agriculture in this area includes jackfruit, rambutan, durian, rice, and bananas.

Demographics
Like many places in West Sulawesi, Mamuju is a predominantly Muslim town, with many mosques. However, Christianity has established a presence with several churches in this town, in addition to a small contingent of Buddhists.

Climate
Mamuju has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen Af) with heavy rainfall year-round.

Culture
An annual sandeq race takes place every August from Mamuju to Makassar.

Twin towns – sister cities
Mamuju is twinned with:
 * 🇮🇩 Gorontalo City, Gorontalo, Indonesia
 * 🇿🇦 Soweto, Gauteng, South Africa

title: Mamuju (city)


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Dragon's Claws

Dragon's Claws is a British dystopian science fiction comic book, published by Marvel UK about the eponymous law enforcers. Dragon's Claws first appeared in Dragon's Claws #1 (June 1988), and were created by Simon Furman and Geoff Senior.

Before their career as law enforcers, the Claws had been "the greatest Game players in the world" - the Game was a violent team sport, immensely popular and funded by the governing World Development Council, who had used it to distract the population and reduce civil unrest. Many of the villains appearing in the series also have their roots in the Game.

Creation
After spending much of the seventies as a packaging office for Marvel Comics, Marvel UK had been attempting to find a way of becoming a fully-fledged publisher since the arrival of Dez Skinn as editor-in-chief in 1979. Since then the company has made several attempts to launch its material, generally revolving around the superhero Captain Britain. However, neither Skinn nor successor Paul Neary were able to make this viable. After taking over the post, Ian Rimmer shored up Marvel UK with successful comics based on licensed franchises such as Transformers, ThunderCats, Zoids and The Real Ghostbusters, mixing reprints of American material with British creations. Rimmer also had ambitions for success in other areas, including with the older readership dominated by 2000 AD and the lucrative American market. Simon Furman, writer on Transformers, was also eager to branch out and created Dragon's Teeth, set in a dystopian 8162, partly inspired by the growing global awareness brought on the writer by Live Aid. Furman drew on several popular films for the concept and characters, including Rollerball, The Warriors and The Evil Dead, while also blending in British humour from the likes of the Carry On film series. Furman picked Senior, a fan-favourite on Transformers with a reputation for dynamic action, to draw the series.

Publication history
Shortly before publication, the name of the title had to be changed when it was found a small press comic company called Dragon's Teeth existed; instead, the Marvel UK title was renamed Dragon's Claws, though the planned name had already featured in some publicity for the book. The regular series began in June 1988, and ran for ten issues before being cancelled due to low sales, due partly to the British market being unable to support the title. Each issue also included a fact file on a character from the series, called the "N.U.R.S.E. Reloc File".

Furman has claimed the book's format contributed to the poor sales of Dragon's Claws and fellow titles Death's Head; at the time British specialty comic stores were rare and most sales were through newsagents' children's sections. These were generally filled with larger magazine-format publications, and Furman felt stores didn't know how to physically stock the title. The characters also appeared in the fifth issue of Death's Head's title, published in the same month as Dragon's Claws #7; this appearance was drawn by Bryan Hitch rather than Senior.

Following the book's cancellation the characters went into obscurity until a brief reappearance in 2004, when Furman and Paul Ridgon created a single-page epilogue for the 2004 edition of the charity project Just One Page. The entire Dragon's Claws series was subsequently reprinted by Panini Comics (Marvel's British licensee since Marvel UK's collapse in the 1990s) in a trade paperback in 2008, including a colour version of the Just One Page strip, with a new cover by Senior

Plot
Greater Britain is a desolate place, where the population was kept docile by watching The Game. The exact nature of the Game is only hinted at, but it involves team members trying to get to a certain part of various ruined cityscapes, with the opposing team members trying anything to stop them. It was used as an opiate for the masses, to ease unrest about global concerns as the Earth moves closer to the Sun. By 8162 the Game was banned due to concerns about the levels of violence involved, but many of the teams - typically made up of hardened psychotic criminals - are now threats to society.

Dragon - one of the most successful players, with his team Dragon's Claws - is having trouble adapting to civilian life with his wife, Tanya, whom he lives with on a farm. He is contacted by Deller, an agent of N.U.R.S.E [National Union of Retired Sports Experts], who offers him, and his old team, the Claws, a role as government enforcers. Dragon initially declines, but when the farm is attacked by another former team, The Wildcats, he changes his mind. Unknown to him, the Wildcats have been hired by Deller for this purpose. A subplot dealt with the brother of a deceased Wildcat seeking vengeance against Deller, which resulted in Dragon's family being kidnapped when they were mistaken for Deller's family. Dragon is reunited with the other Claws – Mercy (an ex-vigilante), Steel (a samurai honour-bound to Dragon since the latter saved his life in the Tokyo Riots of 8156), Digit (who has a computerised brain), and Scavenger (to quote, "No-one quite knows who or what Scavenger is..."), and they are given a brief to stop the many former game teams who are causing trouble. Among these were The Jesters, The Vanishing Ladies, Split Infinity and the Jones Boys, but the recurring threat was the Evil Dead, led by Dragon's old nemesis Slaughterhouse.

Other adversaries were the mechanoid freelance peace-keeping agent Death's Head, who was hired by the surviving members of the Evil Dead, and was heavily damaged when he clashed with Dragon. He was believed to destroyed but was instead rebuilt by Spratt, and attacked the team again when hired by the Chain Gang to capture Scavenger. However, as Death's Head was developing a begrudging respect for Dragon and his team he allowed his contract to lapse.

While the Claws believed they were doing well as law enforcers they were being manipulated by N.U.R.S.E, who was revealed to be involved in corrupt dealings and had reformed the Claws as "bully-boys" to take out and intimidate any gang that challenged N.U.R.S.E. They deliberately kept Dragon from his family so he won't question his orders, eventually sending Deller to kill Dragon's wife; he was unable to do it; however, his presence led to the family being abducted by another rogue Game team, Shrine, who believed they were Deller's family and who had a grudge against him. Dragon eventually teamed up with Slaughterhouse and Deller in overcoming N.U.R.S.E's corrupt kingpin Matron.

With N.U.R.S.E. closed down and the Claws directly under the control of the World Development Council, Dragon elected to stay on leading the Claws, with Deller now as part of the team. Dragon was still unaware of much of Deller's part in the N.U.R.S.E. conspiracy, while the fate of his wife Tanya - last seen in a burning building - is unknown.

Characters
The members of Dragon's Claws are:
 * Dragon: team leader; raised in an orphanage and showing great athletic and combat promise, Dragon was drawn to the Game. A tragedy involving his first team, the Courtland Rangers, caused Dragon to quit and lead ex-mercenaries in war-torn Sudan. Injured and subsequently rehabilitated, he returned to the Game to form his team, Dragon's Claws. The team was top of the league within six years before they quit in 8156, due to escalating violence in the Game. He has a wife Tanya and an adopted son Michael, although his family is estranged as a consequence of Dragon's return to the Claws. He is experienced in armed and unarmed combat is driven by a sense of morality and is respected even by his bitter enemies.
 * Mercy: daughter of a wealthy industrialist, Mercy Connaught became a vigilante after her father's murder. As part of her search for her father's killer, she joined a minor league Game team, The Equalizers. After finally killing her father's murderer, she was arrested but surrendered into Dragon's "protective custody", winning a place on his team. Mercy generally fights with knives but will use guns or other weapons when required.
 * Steel: Shonin Ikeda, a Japanese strongman-samurai. Born in Kobe with a hyperactive system that transforms nutrients into muscle. After witnessing the death of his Yakuza warlord's father, Steel joined up with Dragon when the latter saved his life in the Tokyo riots of 8156. Steel is a skilled swordsman with a strong sense of honour.
 * Digit: the team techie. A Scottish highlander possessing an exceptionally high IQ, Gan Ayerson became a leading expert on computers until he was found seriously injured in a Game arena. His life was saved by his technology, his eyes and brain now computerised and his intellect greatly enhanced, at a cost to his humanity. While not physically strong he has back-mounted firepower, which includes a taser, energised baton, and gas dispenser.
 * Scavenger: A mysterious and versatile fighter, Scavenger is assumed to be of aboriginal descendency from the 'Austro-Zealand crosslands'. He was believed to have worked as a fence for sky pirates in the North of England before fighting in the 'Tunnel Wars' beneath Birmingham until taken prisoner and sent to the Chaney maximum security prison, which collapsed into a fault line soon after. Scavenger became a lifeline for the other inmates, who suffered from agoraphobia, and during one of his supply runs he rescued Dragon from another Game team, The Jesters. Ultimately abandoning the Chain Gang, Scavenger joined Dragon's Claws. During the team's mission to Channel City, he found and adopted a mongrel dog, Scratch.

Reception
Ed Sample gave Dragon's Claws #4 a neutral review for Amazing Heroes, feeling that while the title was competent there was little about it to grab the interest.

title: Dragon's Claws


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Talk:Third Battle of the Aisne

Good job
Nice work Spawnman! If you could though, it would be nice to return in the aftermth to a few topics you mention in the intro. A few questions still remain, and as i am completely ignorant on the matter, maybe you can expand a bit.
 * For example, did the divisionary attack work? Did the allied troops need to redeploy?
 * You say they captured 50,000 men; that seems like quite a victory, but the battle seems to be characterized as a draw with minor German gains.
 * Was the German position sustainable? You note the advance was halted, and it had several problems (supply lines, counter attacks), so perhaps a kind of sketch as to the German position in the end would be nice. Were they surrounded, resupplied or something else?

The main bulk is looking good; i like your writing style, its very clear and to the point! --The Minister of War 07:22, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. To answer a few of your points:

 * The German territory gain was quite big. They after all, did actually reach within 60 km of Paris, something which had not ben seen since 1914, see Great Retreat & First Battle of the Marne. So although the Germans gained lots in territory, they still lost the battle due to the fact that they basically ran out of steam at the last hurdle.
 * I would assume the diversionary attack worked, as there were quite a few large-scale battles as the offensive continued. Also, the British troops mentioned, had recently been redeployed on the Aisne from Flanders before the subject battle.
 * I'm not quite sure however, what exactly you mean by, was the German position sustainable?
 * I'm glad you like my writing style...

Thanks. Spawn Man 11:49, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, this does clarify quite nicely; they'd make a nice addition to the article as well imho. But to see if i get you right, you mention that the attack was meant to ease the front in Flanders; does your answer mean that they were in fact succesful in diverting allied forces from Flanders to Paris?
 * About sustainable, you mention that the Germans run out of steam, but in the aftermath there is no mention of the consequences of this. To me it implies they were unable to hold the position, but maybe thats just me. Still, you note at the end that "Ludendorff, encouraged by the gains of Blucher-Yorck, would launch further offensives cumulating in the Second Battle of the Marne." implying they launched these offensives from this new position. So were they able to solve the supply line problem? --The Minister of War 12:56, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Hi,

 * Yes, I'm pretty sure that some forces were diverted from Flanders to the Aisne, although I haven't a clear or precise source on this.
 * The German position was sustainable, but they could not actually capture Paris like they thought due to those ailments. NOTE: I didn't actually write the, "Ludendorff, encouraged by the gains of Blucher-Yorck, would launch further offensives cumulating in the Second Battle of the Marne", line. Someone else did. However I would presume that maybe while defending themselves from the Allied counter-attacks, their morale perked up, or the got supplies\reinforcements, & were able to launch the Second Battle of the Marne. I myself am not an actual expert on the topic, I just wrote down what my sources told me (very secret service!). So I would think that the person who wrote the above line would be better informed on that stage of the battle.... Thanks. Spawn Man 22:22, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

0.5 nom
This article was nominated for Version 0.5 I failed this article because it has no references, well-written though, maybe try to combine the 3 Aisne battles together. Thanks Jaranda wat's sup 06:20, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

Removed text:
I've removed the following text from the article because it is suspected to be copy & pasted & it is at least badly written. Placing it here for anyone to decided what to do with it. Cheers, Spawn Man 06:08, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

British Forces were involved in the 3rd Battle of the Aisne/ Chemin des Dames on the 27th May to 6th June 1918:(Check out the link for more information:http://1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=44335&hl= )

Order of Battle:

British IX Corps Sir Alexander Hamilton Gordon

8th Division: Major-General W C G Heneker

23rd Brigade: Brigadier-General W St G Grogan VC

2nd Devonshire 2nd West Yorkshire 2nd Middlesex

24th Brigade: Brigadier-General- General R Haig (wounded)

1st Worcestershire 1st Sherwood Foresters 2nd Northamptonshire

25th Brigade: Brigadier-General R H Husey (Killed In Action)

2nd East Lancashire 2nd Royal Berkshire 2nd Rifle Brigade

R F A Brigades:

XXXIII XLV

Field Coys. R E:

2 15 490

Pioneers:

22nd Durham

21st Division: Major-General D G M Campbell

62nd Brigade: Brigadier-General G H Gater

12/13th Northumberland Fusiliers 1st Lincolnshire 2nd Lincolnshire

64th Brigade: Brigadier-General H R Headlam

9th KOYLI 15th Durham

110th Brigade: Brigadier-General H R Cumming

6th Leicestershire 7th Leicestershire 8th Leicestershire

R F A Brigades:

XCIV XCV

Field Coys. R E:

97 98 126

Pioneers:

14th Northumberland Fusiliers

25th Division: Major-General Sir E G T Bainbridge

7th Brigade: Brigadier-General C J Griffin

10th Cheshire 4th South Staffordshire 1st Wiltshire

74th Brigade: Brigadier-General H M Craigie Halkett

11th Lancashire Fusiliers 3rd Worcestershire 9th Loyal North Lancashire

75th Brigade: Brigadier-General A A Kennedy

11th Cheshire 8th Border Regiment 2nd South Lancashire

R F A Brigades:

110 112

Field Coys. R E:

105 106 130

Pioneers:

6th South Wales Borderers

50th Division: Major-General H C Jackson

149th Brigade: Brigadier-General E P A Riddell (wounded)

4th Northumberland Fusilers 5th Northumberland Fusilers 6th Northumberland Fusilers

150th Brigade: Brigadier-General H C Rees (Prisoner of War)

4th East Yorkshire 4th Yorkshire 5th Yorkshire

151st Brigade: Brigadier-General C T Martin (Killed in Action)

5th Durham 6th Durham 8th Durham

R F A Brigades:

250th 251st

Field Coys. R E

7 446 447

Pioneers:

7th Durham

A Russian brigage also fought there; 54 Russians are buried in the Memorial French Cemetery.

US 92d & 93d Divisions.
The first paragraph contains this passage: "American soldiers of the 92nd Infantry Division and the 93rd Infantry Division were the first Americans to fight in France, albeit detached from the AEF and under French command.[citation needed]a[›] The 92nd & 93rd would continue to fight under French command for the duration of the war." Both sentences are incorrect and should be deleted. Further, it appears neither unit took part in the subject Battle.

The 92d Divisions began sailing on 7 June 1918 and closed at ports in France on 12 July 1918. Not only does this put their arrival after the subject Battle, but their arrival post-dates initial combat by several other US divisions. The 92d first served in a quiet sector in the Voges where it received training under French command (as did most US divisions). During the initial stages of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, the division (less one regiment fighting under the French) served in the US I Corps as reserve. In Octotber it fought as part of the US VI Corps, which was under the US First Army. Upon establishment of the US Second Army, on 12 Octber 1918, the US VI Corps and the 92d Division were placed under that command. They served under the US Second Army for the remainder of the war. Source: http://www.history.army.mil/topics/afam/92div.htm#4

The 93d "Division" was merely a provisional grouping of regiments for movement to France. It was never intended to be an operational division nor did it serve as such (as far as WWI went). It never had a permanent division headquarters or divisional troops (artillery, engineers, signal, medical units, etc.) established or assigned. Upon arrival in theater, the provisional division headquarters was disestablished, and the regiments were intended to serve as lines-of-communications troops (12 white divisions were skeletonized or converted to depot/lines of communications troops in this manner during the war). Contemporary US Army documents from WWI do not even list a 93d division as being part of the division-level organizations in-theater in WWI. [Source: http://www.gwpda.org/docs/statistics/diagrams/d46.gif]  It's individual regiments did arrive in theater early enough to - theoretically - serve in the Third Battle of the Aisne, but they did not take part in that battle. The four regiments either arrived at the front after the Third Battle of the Aisne, were stationed near the Swiss border at the time, and/or occupied static sectors which took no part in the Battle. The 369th Regiment was the only one in the line anywhere near the Thrid Battle of the Aisne, but it was in the quiet Afrique Sector, occupying a section 30 miles east of the area of the Battle.

The first American troops to fight in France (about 2500) did so during the Battle of Cambia (Nov-Dec 1917), before any of these two black units arrived in theater. 98.255.89.22 (talk) 22:19, 10 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Based on the above considerations, I deleted the references to the US 92d and 93d Divisions, as well as the explanatory note. Neither division was involved in the battle and the passages were generally incorrect in all regards.

98.255.89.22 (talk) 05:51, 14 October 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Third Battle of the Aisne


text:
User talk:Gold333

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Image of Ayrton
Hi, I saw the photo of Ayrton Sena you have uploaded. Is it in GFDL? Who was the author? You don't give that information. I would like to use that image in portuguese wikipedia, if it is really in GFDL, but you don't give al the information about it. Could you help me, please? Manuel Anastácio 17:59, 13 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I notice that you've re-uploaded the same image after it was deleted for no source information the first time. I notice also that you claimed it was licenced under the GFDL.  To keep the image on wikipedia you need to do two things. First of all, have verifiable source information - this means other users should have the means to viefiy the copyright holder of this image, or where it was previously published. You also need correct licencing. Unless you took the picture or can prove the author released it under the GFDL, you can't licence it under the GFDL. You might want to try and put it on wikipedia using fair use provisions. Agnte 20:29, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

I can't use that image in pt.wikipedia because we don´t use fair use images there!!! Thanks anyway. Manuel Anastácio 19:07, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

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August 2009
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Re Senna
No worries mate!!!123.255.23.160 (talk) 03:35, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

Senna question
Hello, I would be interested to learn if the Lorenzini report was available. Thank you. Fotoguzzi (talk) 13:29, 2 September 2011 (UTC)

Electronic cigarette taste
I responded to your inquiry at the e-cig talk page, regarding why the info was absent from the article (I also moved your question down to the bottom of the talk page, where new topics are supposed to go). I thought I'd also share my personal experience in case you were asking for your own information: I've been using e-cigarettes for a long time now and I can say they taste absolutely nothing like regular cigarettes. They do tend to taste good though, depending on the flavor you get. Most of the flavors claiming to imitate real cigarettes taste good enough, and there's my personal favorite, the Peach flavor from Johnson Creek.

The main benefit for me, and I think for most people, is the feeling you get in your throat -- You get to "scratch" that "itch" you feel when you quit smoking. I don't miss the "tobacco smoke" flavor much, as long as I get that feeling. Though it does take some getting used to at first -- maybe a week or two. Equazcion ( talk ) 12:19, 1 Mar 2012 (UTC)

Welcome
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title: User talk:Gold333


text:
Talk:Walter M. Miller Jr.

Untitled
"A Canticle for Leibowitz was the only novel by Miller published in his lifetime" is contradicted by the list of two earlier novels. Does anyone know anything about these. The article should be rewritten to avoid contradicting itself. Rick Norwood 13:59, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

I've done the research, and the two other "novels" listed are stories, one from Amazing, one from F&SF. I'll remove them for the "novels" section. They may be long stories -- I haven't checked the page counts -- but they have never been published in a "stand alone" format, only in magazines and anthologies. Rick Norwood 21:39, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Project Gutenberg lists "Death of a Spaceman" and "The Hoofer" as not copyrighted in the US. Does anyone know why they aren't following the normal life of author+75? Are Miller's other works out of copyright as well? --AdamNess (talk) 23:33, 1 March 2010 (UTC)

Miller's background
Nothing here is said about his childhood and parents. Was Miller Jewish himself before converting? The character Leibowitz certainly was and in the story, converted to Catholicism after the "Simplification". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.119.151.233 (talk) 06:50, 25 July 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Walter M. Miller Jr.


text:
Harry Denman

Harry Denman was a noted Methodism lay leader and evangelist within the Methodist Church who emphasized the life taught by Jesus at the Sermon on the Mount. Denman strongly challenged modern materialism and prejudice by exemplifying and teaching a simple life, and by personally relating to all people, regardless of race, gender, or economic means. His personal property was very limited; for example he usually had only one pair of shoes and refused to wear a watch, preferring to ask for the time as a way of starting a conversation. Articles that were given to him were generally given away to the needy. He was a close friend of another well-known evangelist, Billy Graham who called Denman "one of the great mentors for evangelism."

He was born September 26, 1893, in Birmingham, Alabama, of Hattie Leonard and William Harry Denman, who immigrated from Gloucestershire, England. He earned a bachelor's degree from Birmingham-Southern College in 1921, and a master's degree in social work in 1930. In 1936 he received an honorary doctorate from Athens State University in Alabama. In 1915, Denman became secretary of the Birmingham Sunday School Association, a post which he held until 1919, when he became church manager of the First Methodist Church in Birmingham.

In 1938 he was elected secretary for the Department of Evangelism in the Board of Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Then, in 1939, he became the General Secretary of the Commission on Evangelism, later known as the General Board of Evangelism, of the newly formed The Methodist Church. As the general secretary, he also had responsibility for the publication of The Upper Room, a devotional publication. He was also a member of the Jurisdictional Conferences in 1940, 1944, 1948, and 1952.

On January 31, 1949, Denman was among a group of nine dedicated Methodists whose desire to directly support evangelism ministry in the church led them to incorporate The Foundation for Evangelism. Denman was also instrumental in establishing the International Prayer Fellowship. This organization was headquartered in Lake Junaluska, North Carolina, where a prayer chapel dedicated to Denman still exists in the historic Lambuth Inn.

In 1965, Denman retired from The General Board of Evangelism. He accepted his final salary from the General Board and donated it to The Foundation for Evangelism. He then traveled extensively in the United States and throughout the world to preach and conduct evangelistic meetings. He died November 8, 1976, in Birmingham, Alabama, at the age of 83.

title: Harry Denman


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sinagogue of Satan

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE.  Rob e  rt  15:05, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Sinagogue of Satan
Appears to be an article created primarily to support his other article Marvin "Knife" Sotelo which is also marked for deletion. Minimal Wikipedia value. Cpaliga 14:00, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I think you're being generous saying this has even minimal value. Generates a fair amount of chatter on the internet, but it's message board and blog chatter; primarily written by self-professed members or by online christian groups attacking them.  They have a website, but all in all, it seems about as notable as OS 012 which just went down in an AfD.--Isotope23 17:36, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. per nom, unencyclopedic, not notable. --Kgf0
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.