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Johnston McCulley

John William Johnston McCulley (February 2, 1883 – November 23, 1958) was an American writer of hundreds of stories, fifty novels and numerous screenplays for film and television, and the creator of the character Zorro.

Biography
Born in Ottawa, Illinois, and raised in Chillicothe, Illinois, McCulley graduated from Chillicothe Township High School in 1901. He started as a police reporter for The Police Gazette and served as an Army public affairs officer during World War I. An amateur history buff, he went on to a career in pulp magazines and screenplays, often using a Southern California backdrop for his stories.

Many of his novels and stories were written under the pseudonyms Harrington Strong, Raley Brien, George Drayne, Monica Morton, Rowena Raley, Frederic Phelps, Walter Pierson, and John Mack Stone, among others.

Aside from Zorro, McCulley created many other pulp characters, including Black Star, The Spider, The Mongoose, and Thubway Tham. Many of McCulley's characters—The Green Ghost, The Thunderbolt, and The Crimson Clown—were inspirations for the masked heroes that have appeared in popular culture from McCulley's time to the present day.

Zorro
McCulley's Zorro character, reminiscent of Baroness Orczy's Scarlet Pimpernel, was first serialized in the story "The Curse of Capistrano" in 1919 in the pulp magazine All-Story Weekly.

Zorro became his most enduring character. The appearance of the 1920 Douglas Fairbanks silent movie The Mark of Zorro, based on the first novel, was the direct cause for McCulley's reviving what had originally been a one-time hero plot.

The popularity of the character led to three novellas appearing in Argosy: The Further Adventures of Zorro (1922), Zorro Rides Again (1931), and The Sign of Zorro (1941). In between, he wrote many other novels and stories set in early Spanish California which did not have Zorro as the lead character. Republic optioned the character for a serial, Zorro's Fighting Legion, which was released in 1939 and was well received. Over the coming decade Republic released three other serials connected in some way with the Zorro character. In 1940, The Mark of Zorro remake starring Tyrone Power and Linda Darnell made the character much more widely known to the public at large, and McCulley decided to bring Zorro back with new stories.

McCulley made an arrangement with the pulp West Magazine to produce a brand new Zorro short story for every issue. The first of these stories appeared in July 1944 and the last one appeared in July 1951, the final issue of the publication. Fifty-three adventures in all were published in West. An additional story (possibly a story originally written for West which went unpublished when West folded) appeared in Max Brand's Western Magazine in the May 1954 issue. The final Zorro story appeared in Short Story Magazine in April 1959, after McCulley's death and after Walt Disney's Zorro television program starring Guy Williams had become nationally popular.

Black Star
Probably his second most popular character from the pulps was "The Black Star", a criminal mastermind who is pursued by Roger Verbeck-Flagellum and Muggs, a millionaire bachelor and his ex-thug partner. Black Star first appeared in the Street & Smith pulp Detective Story Magazine on 5 March 1916.

Black Star was what was once termed a "gentleman criminal", in that he does not commit murder, nor does he permit any of his gang to kill anyone, not even the police or his arch enemy Roger Verbeck. He does not threaten women, always keeps his word, and is invariably courteous, nor does he deal with narcotics in any of his stories. He is always seen in a black cloak and a black hood on which is embossed a jet black star. The Black Star and his gang used "vapor bombs" and "vapor guns" which rendered their victims instantly unconscious, a technique which pre-dated the Green Hornet's gas gun by several decades.

These stories were very popular with the readership of Detective Story Magazine and some of them were reprinted by Chelsea House, a division of Street & Smith, in a series of inexpensive hardback books. The character lasted through the end of 1930.

The Spider
The Spider was another long-running villain character, considered by some a significant pulp supervillain. The Spider appeared in 11 short stories and three short-story collections between 1918 and 1930. He was injured as a young man and used a wheelchair, but he used his mental abilities to run an international crime ring from his office, "The Spider's Den".

The Crimson Clown
The Crimson Clown appeared in Detective Story Magazine beginning in 1926 and immediately attracted reader interest, so much so that Street & Smith published two hardback collections of his adventures. The Crimson Clown (1927) was rushed to press just as soon as there was enough material available to fill a hardback volume. This was followed by The Crimson Clown Again (1928).

The Crimson Clown is Delton Prouse, a wealthy young bachelor, able veteran of The Great War, explorer, and all-around adventurer who functions as a modern Robin Hood, stealing from the unjustly rich and returning money to helpless victims or worthy organizations. He dresses in a mostly red clown suit and uses a syringe of knockout drug (later this is replaced by a "gas gun"). Like McCulley's earlier "Man in Purple", who also stole from the unjustly rich, he frequently had to destroy his outfits to evade capture.

McCulley retired Delton Prouse at the end of 1931, but "The Crimson Clown’s Return" (Popular Detective, Oct 1944) brought him back for one final adventure. Though an original story, it lifted the title from another Clown story in the October 18, 1930, issue of Detective Story Magazine.

Filmography
Many of Johnston McCulley's stories were made into films. McCulley also wrote for films. Here is a brief filmography.

 * Ruth of the Rockies, 1920, story
 * Captain Fly-by-Night, 1922, story
 * Ride for Your Life, 1924, story
 * The Ice Flood, 1926, story
 * The Red Rope, 1937, story
 * The Trusted Outlaw, 1937, story
 * Rootin' Tootin' Rhythm, 1937, story
 * Rose of the Rio Grande, 1938, story
 * Doomed Caravan, 1941, writer
 * Overland Mail, 1942, story
 * South of the Rio Grande, 1945, story
 * Don Ricardo Returns, 1946, story
 * The Mark of the Renegade 1951, story

Death
Johnston McCulley died on November 23, 1958, in Los Angeles, California at age 75. The Los Angeles Times obituary gives his address in Los Angeles as 6533 Hollywood Blvd. at the time of his death, an address which is confirmed in the Marquis volume and places McCulley in the Hillview Hollywood Apartments. There is no record of when he moved there, although the Marquis article may have been originally prepared in the late 1940s/early 1950s, with additional material appended in the late 1950s. The New York Times obituary mentions that he died "after a series of operations," a phrase echoed in other newspaper obituaries from other parts of the country, most likely taken from a New York Times feed.

McCulley is entombed in Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, Los Angeles, California.

title: Johnston McCulley


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User:Mireceq

Hi! My name is Miro David, I'm from Slovakia and you can check out my webpage mirodavid.com if you want to find out more about me..

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Mireceq


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Talk:Ethernet flow control

Untitled
I am no wiser after reading the current version. It reads like a technical manual description for computer networking experts. Would be great if someone in the know can turn it into an encyclopedia entry. Thanks. Tale 10:26, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm tempted to nominate this for deletion because it's just so incomprehensible. But maybe someone will rescue it. --Fang Aili 16:20, 10 January 2006 (UTC)
 * i will give it another shot. sorry fellers Digitalsushi 16:42, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

I see that the test link is broken: http://www.iol.unh.edu/testsuites/ethernet/archive.php#Flow%20Control%20Test%20Suites I'm not sure if I should link to ftp://ftp.iol.unh.edu/pub/ethernet/test_suites/CL31_FC/flow_control_testsuite_v1.3.pdf maybe someone else can correct it. For now I think we should remove the link.

This article is crap
It contains no technical detail, just restating the obvious which anyone with a networking background would know (Duh, I know what Ethernet is, I know what flow control is, I want to know the details of exactly how it works in Ethernet).

Frankly, these kind of articles are on topics which only IT people would be interested in, and so if you are not from an IT background, you shouldn't expect to understand it. These articles shouldn't be explaining obvious stuff like Ethernet, flow control. If you don't know what those things are, go learn about them first before tackling something like this. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 137.111.11.69 (talk) 21:07, 31 January 2007 (UTC).

 * So please do the research and help improve it. W Nowicki (talk) 00:25, 10 May 2011 (UTC)

Dubious

 * This problem arises when two nodes try to send to the same receiver, where one sender floods the link and other conservatively uses it. The receiver will send pause frames to both transmitters, due to multicast. The conservative sender will also pause its transmission.

That sounds wrong. The multicast is not sent to the originator of the flow, but only on the link that is congested. I think the scenario is node A and B sending to node C through a switch. The pause goes from C back the othe switch, not back to the nodes A and B. This needs to be fixed, perhaps with a diagram, and even better a reliable source! Also major issue is that switches that do Virtual Output Queues (most of them by now) do not have input queues, so usually drop instead of sending pause frames. W Nowicki (talk) 00:25, 10 May 2011 (UTC)

Merge?
As far as I can tell, IEEE 802.1Qbb is the same mechanism with a simply extended frame format with a time for each class. So hardly deserves its own article IMO. Anyone object if I merge them? That article just uses two of the cited sources here in its external links, and provides nothing further. W Nowicki (talk) 23:05, 10 May 2011 (UTC)

 * No objection here. --Kvng (talk) 14:34, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

802.1Qbb (per flow pause frames) are an extension to standard Ethernet pause frames and as such COULD be merged with this topic. If anything though, it should be linked to a DCB/DCE/CEE topic which is addressing a wider issue of running storage and standard ethernet traffic over a 'converged' layer 2 network (although it's not limited to this application). This'll make it easier to understand what the issues are and how the 4 DCB protocols (PFC,ETS,CN,DCBx) are implemented to mitigate potential issues with network convergence. A real-life example is always useful in understanding what nut a technology is trying to crack. --Bigv2004 (talk) 14:19, 1 November 2011 (UTC)

Title doesn't seem to fit the merged article
Ethernet is 802.3; the priority-based work was done in 802.1 and is not specific to Ethernet (being done at an upper layer). It may be the state of the art solution for Ethernet networks but it's not part of Ethernet. Maybe the article should be renamed "priority-based flow control"? Laugh Tough (talk) 19:03, 7 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Oppose - To my knowledge, despite the theoretical possibility, priority-based flow control is not used to any significant degree outside of Ethernet. ~KvnG 14:56, 10 December 2013 (UTC)

Broken Reference
I think the reference to "Vendors on flow control". Network World Fusion. September 13, 1999. (which is broken) should point to http://archive.is/mDZlm

 * archive.today is blacklisted by Wikipedia. I found an archive.org version of the ref. ✅ ~KvnG 15:56, 13 July 2014 (UTC)

External link no longer valid
The "Ethernet Flow Control" link in External References no longer takes you to the 29West article. (You get redirected to unrelated Informatic content.) Ideally we could find the original content and fix the link (but I couldn't find it quickly), otherwise I think the link should simply be removed. Curtbeckmann (talk) 17:56, 10 July 2019 (UTC)

 * I found an archive version and fixed the broken link. ~Kvng (talk) 13:45, 13 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ethernet flow control


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Claude Bédard

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. DES (talk) 22:41, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Claude Bédard

 * Delete, top Google hit is Wikipedia itself, I can find little other evidence of the significance of Monsieur Bedard. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Budgiekiller (talk • contribs) 10:26, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Claude Bédard has played a major role in the translation industry in Canada, and, as such, perhaps deserve an article. However, the existing article does indeed sound more look a PR press release. A major rewrite is required — Grstain 19:20, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This afd nomination was orphaned. Listing now.  No opinion. —Cryptic (talk) 13:30, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and rewrite. The lack of Google hits in English is interesting. Are there links to his books? Joaquin Murietta 15:46, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and rewrite French Goole picks up >800 hits     Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   17:31, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Fair enough, I didn't check French Goo(g)le. I'd be happy with a major rewrite to make the article factual and NPOV. Budgiekiller 10:51, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep and rewrite as per the others. Hall Monitor 19:57, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Talk:Science in the medieval Islamic world

Alchemy and chemistry section
Dear Chiswick Chap,

I agree that it would be ideal if each section would be a concise summary of the main article for each subject, but the problem in this case is that

(1) the current section is a piece of misinformation: the belief that substances comprised mixtures of the four Aristotelian elements in different proportions was shared by all medieval Aristotelian philosophers (which is to say, practically all medieval philosophers; if anything, medieval alchemists often had diverging ideas on the subject, and the first serious challenge to it came from alchemists such as Paracelsus and Jan Baptist van Helmont, whose views on the subject may be traced back to medieval alchemy); the elixir as fifth element is an idea first formulated as such in the 14th century by John of Rupescissa (though it has much older roots); nitric acid and other mineral acids were discovered in the 13th century by anonymous Latin alchemists such as pseudo-Albertus Magnus and pseudo-Geber; all alchemists described laboratory techniques and experimental methods (in the sense of systematic empirical observation and testing as a basis for knowledge; that the experimental method in the sense of controlled experiment would have been developed by medieval alchemists is a common misconception); processes such as sublimation and distillation have a much older history, and the alembic was developed by Greco-Egyptian alchemists. (for references and more information, see some of the articles I linked)

(2) the current section does not in fact summarize our article on alchemy and chemistry in the medieval Islamic world as it stands now. Perhaps some of the misinformation in the current section was at one point also present in that article, but it is not at this moment.

On the other hand, some of the content in the section I propose to add is actually present in the main article (the sulfur-mercury theory metals here, the systematic classification of chemical substances and the chemical synthesis of ammonium chloride here), although of course that article is still in need of much expansion and improvement.

I do believe that the proposed section does summarize some of the most important innovations in medieval Islamic alchemy and chemistry, at least from the perspective of their further development in Western Europe (which is perhaps a bit Eurocentric, but common enough). If you believe it to be too technical, or otherwise not fit in well with the flow and style of the rest of the article, please feel free to copy-edit it. However, it is sourced to expert authors on the subject, and its basic content should be retained.

Sincerely, Apaugasma (talk|contribs) 20:21, 22 February 2021 (UTC)

 * I've done that; FYI the rule is that a section with a "Main" link summarizes the main article; if that article is in a disastrous state of flux (no jokes about transition metals please) then that is of course difficult. The text doesn't say what the alchemists were trying to do, if it wasn't making gold (and indeed transforming their souls), so perhaps the section is now deficient or indeed misleading in that regard. The term "chemistry" does seem anachronistic, too. Chiswick Chap (talk) 09:55, 23 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the copy-edit; I've tweaked it some more, but it does look better this way.

 * What most alchemists were trying to do has been captured well by William R. Newman's expression "perfecting nature" (see his 2004 monograph cited in the article): to transform substances so they would be more useful, valuable, better in line with the divine purpose of all things. This did indeed include transforming base metals into gold, and to a lesser degree transforming souls (though this psychological aspect is often tainted by ahistorical Jungian interpretations), but it would be quite wrong (as is commonly done in fiction and popular culture) to reduce alchemy to these two activities. In fact, alchemists were experimenting with all kinds of materials, and what they were seeking was a universal knowledge of the constitution of bodies, since only that would allow them to change the essence of anything in God's creation which they should find in need of some improvement. In a way, they were truly looking for the "Secret of Creation", in order to be able to further God's work, as it were.

 * But apart from this often religiously oriented teleology, the emphasis lay very much on gaining knowledge for the sake of knowledge, as in any true 'philosophy'. Gold itself was eventually produced artificially through the 20th-century development of nuclear physics, even though nuclear physics not only or even primarily serves to create gold. Thus too, many alchemists (e.g., the Jabirians) pursued knowledge for its own sake, with the practical improvement, 'perfecting' or 'healing' of substances serving more as a demonstration of divine knowledge than as a goal in and of itself. Practical chemical knowledge (metallurgy, glass making, cosmetics) actually predates the advent of alchemy by many centuries, and what distinguishes alchemy is precisely the fundamentally philosophical and theoretical approach. From the very beginning, the alchemical enterprise was modeled upon that of the Dogmatic school of medicine, which sought a knowledge of the hidden causes of disease, i.e., the elements or principles of which our bodies are composed. Rather than just human bodies, alchemists sought to 'cure' all kinds of bodies with their 'elixirs' or 'medicines', but this could only be done through an intimate knowledge of the hidden structure and composition of these bodies.

 * Just like premodern medicine, the theoretical framework upon which alchemy or premodern chemistry was based was deeply flawed, but what both shared with their modern counterparts was the very ambition to approach their subject from a theoretical point of view. To call the sulfur-mercury theory of metals-informed attempts at transmuting base metals 'chemistry' is not any more or less anachronistic than calling the humoural theory-informed attempts to heal human bodies through blood-letting 'medicine'. It's all just a question of adopting a properly historical perspective, and of dropping the presentist lenses. I'm glad to say that this is precisely the direction in which scholarship has been moving during the past thirty years, even though some tension still remains (perhaps exemplified by the trend to speak of 'chymistry' rather than of 'alchemy' or 'chemistry'). In any case, I think it's safe to say that, on the whole, what alchemists were trying to do was largely similar to what modern chemists are trying to do, albeit in their own and very different historical, intellectual, and technological contexts. If you want to know more, I strongly advise you to read Principe, Lawrence M. (2013). The Secrets of Alchemy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, which presents the new historiography in a highly accessible and informative way. Apaugasma (talk|contribs) 18:30, 23 February 2021 (UTC)

Medieval Muslim societies were pioneers in science and philosophy, but
This is becasue of there culture they need to learn about the world and god — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.60.125.226 (talk) 17:57, 23 March 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 10 April 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) ~ Aseleste  (t, e | c, l) 17:53, 17 April 2021 (UTC)

Science in the medieval Islamic world → Science in the Islamic Golden Age – "Medieval Islamic world is less common than Islamic Golden Age and it's even a redirect to the latter. Maudslay II (talk) 15:10, 10 April 2021 (UTC) -- Maudslay II (talk) 15:09, 10 April 2021 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * oppose: "medieval Islamic world" is much clearer than "Islamic Golden Age", because it may not immediately be clear to what period "Islamic Golden Age" refers. The concept of a 'Golden Age' is generally rather dated from a historiographical point of view, being used less and less by modern scholars. However, it is especially ambiguous with regard to Islam, since scholars have increasingly been pointing out that the Islamic world flourished as never before in the early modern period, questioning the traditional idea that the Islamic world went into decline from the 12th century on. Apaugasma (talk|contribs) 17:43, 10 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose "Golden Age" is a vague and POV-ish term that is less common according to NGRAMS probably time to file a RM there. (t · c)  buidhe  04:22, 11 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose. "Islamic Golden Age" is not well-defined, despite our article trying its best. Srnec (talk) 19:53, 11 April 2021 (UTC)

Non-reliable source (RS) must be removed
There is a very fishy source & edit in the article.

 * Notability: self-published book by author with no apparent academic vita to recommend him as an authority on this topic, who writes elsewhere in this book about the "staged terror attacks of 9/11" blaming them on a Western conspiracy against Muslims. It's far beyond the pale.
 * We have: "Saliba (source X) and Hobson (source Y) hold that a Muslim scientific revolution occurred during the Middle Ages.(source Z = book by Mr Jan)" This means that the book by Mr Jan is offered as the source for the fact that Saliba, Hobson, or both "hold that...", which makes no sense: what Saliba & Hobson say must be supported by sorces X and Y, otherwise why would they be there, just to confirm the spelling of the names? The edit was made here, by Jagged 85, who stopped editing 9 years ago. 19 Oct 2007 is over 13 years ago, editing was different back then, but once we clarify what sources X & Y are saying, Mr Jan's book must be removed as it cannot be considered RS. Arminden (talk) 00:35, 26 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Removed. But problem not fully solved: Salima only supports claim of "revolution" in, or based on, astronomy, and Hobson p. 178 is not accessible online. Claim remains insufficiently supported once Jan is out. Arminden (talk) 01:01, 26 April 2021 (UTC)
 * The problem is now solved by my removal (see below) of the paragraph in which these undue claims appeared. ☿ Apaugasma  ( talk  ☉) 17:18, 23 August 2021 (UTC)

Page move to Islamic sciences
Islamic sciences currently redirects to this page. Islamic science is a subject which is still studied. It may have been developed in medieval times, but most sciences were developed in historic times. Islamic science also includes discussion on new technologies and new scientific discoveries in relation to Islam. This current page name and the redirect label Islamic science as a thing of the past. When Islamic scholars talk to us about how the internet and social networking is effecting our behaviours and beliefs as Muslims, that is an example of Islamic science applied to new technologies. The page on Physics covers modern physics too, so the page on Islamic sciences be relegated to the past? There are contemporary Islamic discussions on scientific developments which will not be included in this page because of it's page name, for example, 'are the Covid-19 vaccines halal?'. Because of the redirect on 'Islamic sciences' they will also not be included there, nor will the achievements of contemporary Islamic scientists. Amirah  talk  11:53, 13 June 2021 (UTC)
 * This page deals not with science itself, but with the history of science. The medieval Islamic world plays a major role in that history (see also the problematically similar page Islamic Golden Age), and this is the reason why we have an article about it. Islamic sciences should indeed not redirect to this page, because it can also refer to contemporary Muslim scholarship (ʿulūm al-dīn). I have therefore changed the target of the redirect to Muslim scholarship, a disambiguation page pointing to, a.o., Islamic studies, Ulama, and several lists of Muslims scholars. Since 'Islamic sciences' also sometimes refers to medieval science, I have also added a link to this page to the disambiguation page. ☿ Apaugasma  ( talk  ☉) 12:39, 13 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Thank you, I believe that is a step in the right direction. I have also added the maintenance category 'Redirects with possibilities' is it may later be converted to a seperate an article. Please also see discussions on | Islamic Studies - Talk - Umbrella term and | Move request List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam.  Amirah   talk  12:44, 13 June 2021 (UTC)

Significance section: undue emphasis on extreme views held only by a small minority today
The dichotomy in the first paragraph of the 'Significance' section (and repeated in the lead) between a so-called 'traditionalist' view and a 'revisionist' view appears to be based on original research, and does not at all reflect the mainstream view among current historians of science. In reality, the 'traditionalist' view (the 19th-century view that the Islamic world mainly 'preserved' knowledge, but contributed very little or nothing to it) is all but completely abandoned, and should only still be mentioned in the context of a history of the history of science. What is here called the 'revisionist' view (that a Muslim scientific revolution occurred during the Middle Ages), on the other hand, is a tiny minority or even a fringe view, held only by a very small amount of historians such as Ahmad Y. al-Hassan (whose scholarship is of a rather questionable quality; see, e.g., the review by Sonja Brentjes here, or the one by Gabriele Ferrario here).

The actual mainstream view is the one reported by McClellan & Dorn in the third paragraph and by Will Durant and Bernard Lewis in the last sentence of the second paragraph: medieval Islamic science not only preserved but built upon Hellenistic and Indo-Persian achievements, making steady and often important contributions throughout the centuries, but was never marked by a paradigm shift as revolutionary as the one which would later occur in 17th-century Europe.

I propose to remove the first paragraph of the 'Significance' section as both original research and putting undue weight on outdated or fringe views, and to remove the first part of the second paragraph (all except the last sentence) as putting undue weight on minority views. We can just keep the rest, which gives a short but accurate overview, although I would remove the references to Fielding H. Garrison (who lived 1870–1935 and is thus quite out of date) and to Seyyed Hossein Nasr (who belongs to the pro-fringe Traditionalist School).

The last paragraph of the lead can for now simply be replaced by During the Middle Ages, Islamic science flourished across a wide area around the Mediterranean Sea and further afield, for several centuries, in a wide range of institutions.

Since I suspect this proposal may be controversial, I'm putting it up for discussion on the talk page first. ☿ Apaugasma  ( talk  ☉) 19:19, 20 August 2021 (UTC)

 * Since there has not been a reply in three days, I have gone on and implemented the proposed change. Of course, the section should be expanded again with material that does represent the mainstream view. I'm somewhat unhappy with the current last sentence, It did not lead to a scientific revolution like that in Early modern Europe, but such external comparisons are probably to be rejected as imposing "chronologically and culturally alien standards" on a successful medieval culture: precisely because comparisons with the scientific revolution of the 17th century are so inapt, it feels jarring to introduce this issue in this way at the very end of the article. But I trust this will be solved by a future rewrite of the section. ☿ Apaugasma  ( talk  ☉) 16:04, 23 August 2021 (UTC)
 * This is going for a GAR - what a shabby article! TrangaBellam (talk) 19:12, 20 December 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 17:38, 14 September 2022 (UTC)
 * TabulaRogeriana upside-down.jpg

Islamic science
There is not really such thing as religious science. It is basically a contradictio in terminis. There are attempts to approach religion in a scientific way, but there is no such thing as a religious approach to science that does not render it unscientific. This article is clearly not NPOV, but islamic propaganda, and it should therefore be deleted in its entirety. (Science done by a religious person, does not make the science religious.)83.82.219.126 (talk) 10:25, 17 January 2023 (UTC)

 * The title of this article is "Science in the medieval Islamic world". Have you been confused by the redirect? William M. Connolley (talk) 11:05, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Quote:
 * Medieval Islamic science had practical purposes as well as the goal of understanding.
 * During the Middle Ages, Islamic science flourished across a wide area around the Mediterranean Sea and further afield, for several centuries, in a wide range of institutions.
 * Astronomy became a major discipline within Islamic science.
 * Islamic mathematics reached its apogee in the Eastern part of the Islamic world between the tenth and twelfth centuries.
 * And another link to more pollution:
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_influence_on_Islamic_science 83.82.219.126 (talk) 20:25, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
 * The word 'Islamic' is often used by scholars and among the general public not as referring to something connected or adhering to the religious doctrines of Islam, but as referring to anything that originated within the cultural and political boundaries of (mostly medieval and early modern) Islamic dominion. On Wikipedia, we mainly summarize scholars (see WP:NPOV), which generally means that we also use their terminology.
 * Nevertheless, the concern that the use of the word 'Islamic' for non-religious phenomena may be misleading also exists among scholars, who have recently tended to switch to the word 'Islamicate' for the meaning outlined above. They would speak, for example, about the 'Islamicate world' rather than the 'Islamic world'. Note the incongruence of the concept of a 'world' that is 'Islamic' in the strictly religious sense ('Islamic world' in this sense offers a perhaps insightful analogue to 'Islamic science'). Yet 'Islamic world' is a readily understood expression, much more so than 'Islamicate world' (which is still generally regarded as jargon), for which reason Wikipedia editors have not yet chosen to follow suit (cf., e.g., vs ).
 * We are conservative in that way, because an encyclopedia needs to represent existing knowledge and the status quo much more than to trailblaze new usages and perspectives. Hope this helps, ☿ Apaugasma  ( talk  ☉) 08:11, 18 January 2023 (UTC)
 * That is just total nonsense, and further whitewashing of using manipulative language.
 * The term islamicate implies exactly the same as islamic.
 * For a proper search result for an encyclopedia on the term islamic science, check the britannica search result on the term.(Can't post the url here.)
 * There is absolutely nothing NPOV in associating science with any religion, there is nothing scientific about any religion.
 * A religion can be studied in a scientific way, but a science can't be studied in a religious way.
 * Yes scientists can be religious, but this doesn't make their science religious.
 * This is the only proper wikipedia article on islamic science:
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_sciences 83.82.219.126 (talk) 07:43, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * The word 'Islamicate' (click for the Wiktionary entry) means associated with regions in which Muslims are culturally dominant, but not specifically with the religion of Islam.
 * Apart from that, you misunderstand WP:NPOV according to a rather common misunderstanding of the word 'neutral' as used in that policy. Please see the essays NPOV means neutral editing, not neutral content and Neutral and proportionate point of view for some explanation on that. Thanks, ☿ Apaugasma  ( talk  ☉) 11:07, 21 January 2023 (UTC)


text:
Carp River

Carp River may refer to:

Canada

 * Carp River (Algoma District) in Algoma District, Ontario, which empties into Batchawana Bay on northeastern Lake Superior
 * Carp River (Ottawa) in the city of Ottawa, Ontario, which empties into the Ottawa River

United States

 * One of several Carp Rivers in Michigan including:
 * Carp River (Gogebic-Ontonagon counties), in the Porcupine Mountains empties into Lake Superior
 * Carp River (Luce County), empties into Lake Superior near the Crisp Point Light
 * Carp River (Mackinac County), a federally designated Wild and Scenic River in the Upper Peninsula flowing into St. Martin Bay on Lake Huron
 * Carp River (Marquette County), empties into Lake Superior in Marquette
 * Leland River, in Leelanau County, formerly known as Carp River
 * Waiska River, in Chippewa County, formerly known as Carp River

title: Carp River


text:
Snickometer

Snickometer, commonly known as Snicko, is a system used in cricket to determine whether the ball edged the bat, for a potential dismissal such as a catch or leg before wicket. It does this by showing a frame-by-frame replay of the footage of the ball passing the bat alongside a waveform displaying the soundwave of an oscilloscope connected to a sensitive microphone near the stumps. The newer version currently in use is called Real Time Snickometer (RTS) and does not need to be manually synchronized for every piece of footage, making the process much faster. It was initially used for the broadcast team to attempt to determine whether the ball hit the bat and therefore if the umpire gave the correct decision. It is now also used for DRS reviews when the third umpire needs to determine whether the ball hit the bat, such as for when a ball is caught behind and the batsman might have edged the ball, or in the case of leg before wicket, where the batsman is not out lbw if the ball has hit the bat (or glove) before it hit their body. It is used for this purpose in tandem with Hot Spot. It was invented by English computer scientist Allan Plaskett in the mid-1990s. The snickometer was introduced by Channel 4 in the UK, who also introduced the Hawk-Eye and the Red Zone, in 1999.

Uses
The Snickometer is used in a slow motion television replay by the third umpire or broadcasters to determine if the cricket ball touched the cricket bat. The soundwave appears next to the slow motion, frame by frame replay. If there is a sound of leather on willow, which is usually a short, sharp sound producing a sharp waveform, in synchrony with the ball passing the bat, then the ball is deemed to have hit the bat. If the spike on the waveform comes too late or early, it is determined that the spike was not caused by the ball hitting the bat. Other sounds such as the ball hitting the batsman's pads, or the bat hitting the pitch, and so on, tend to have a less sharp shape on the sound waveform, so it can be determined with some accuracy what contact made the sound.

When the Decision Review System (DRS) was introduced to test cricket, initially Snicko was not considered accurate enough, and so another edge detecting tool Hot Spot was used. In 2013, an improved Snicko called the Real Time Snickometer, which was more reliable and faster to use, was used for first time for DRS in the 2013-14 Ashes series.

Drawbacks
The system relies on users to tell the difference between a contact between bat and ball, and other contact which has a more flat waveform such as bat on pad or ball on pad. It is easier to tell where the ball contacted precisely with Hot Spot, but that system has the disadvantage of needing a clear angle, which is sometimes obstructed by a fielder or umpire.

title: Snickometer


text:
Talk:Sunshine Biscuits

Untitled
The oreo and hydrox articles say hydrox was introduced in 1908, but here we say that Sunshine was founded in 1913? --Chinasaur 10:30, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

64.12.116.73
Several places on the web say that Sunshine was formed 1902 - bit of a discrepency. Also they were connected with Loose-Wiles of NY.

209.122.82.60
IS THERE A WAY WE CAN GET THE HYDROX VERSION OF THE OREO BACK ON THE MARKET...I NEVER LIKED OREO'S, PREFERRED HYDROX OVER THEM SINCE I WAS A LITTLE KID..NOW 51 I AM TRYING TO GET MY YOUTH BACK LOL WITH THOSE DELICIOUS HYDROX!!!!!!

PLEASE MAKE THEM AGAIN!!!!!

12.149.100.21
I have been looking for your Lemon Cooler cookies for years. Ate them by the box when I was pregnant w/my daughter. You used to make Cherry Coolers also. I agree with the person above, I'm 41 and would love to get in touch w/my youth as well or just one of the boxes of coolers you used to sell. --- 12.149.100.21 (talk)

Sunshine Biscuits v. Nabisco
History Channel's The Food That Built America Series 2 Episode 7 describes Jacob Loose v. Adolphus Green and Krispy v. Uneeda and Hydrox v.Oreo "Wars". Find original sources?
 * .... 0mtwb9gd5wx (talk) 20:17, 24 March 2021 (UTC)

 * https://www.history.com/shows/the-food-that-built-america/season-2/episode-7
 * .... 0mtwb9gd5wx (talk) 20:42, 24 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sunshine Biscuits


text:
File:Somerset House Drawn & Engraved for Dugdale's England & Wales Delineated (1845).jpg

Summary
Somerset House in 1845, showing how the Thames originally flowed right into the building.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Boycott Aruba

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 07:24, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Boycott Aruba
Mr. Mathew is not necessarily an unbiased source on institutional racism on Aruba, and the Natalee Holloway related Boycott Aruba call is already covered in the Natalee Holloway topic. Please see my argumentation on the discussion page Mzzl 10:30, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Maybe this isn't the right place to ask this, but I have been trying to find out more about Mzzl and even though there is a user page, there are no other references to Mzzl on Wikipedia. And even the postings on boycott aruba and this topic do not appear on Kate's Tools or 6 degrees I am new here, so I am not sure how to assess this. Mzzl, Do you have a talk page? Are you what they call a sock puppet? If you are real, I apologise, but I was trying to find a way to talk to you. Joaquin Murietta 15:27, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't know what a sock puppet is, I've only posted on here a dozen times or so. I think you can just create such a talk page yourself if you want. --Mzzl 06:07, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Okie Dokie. Sorry! Joaquin Murietta 06:31, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - Topic is not encyclopedic. Connection of Mathew and Holloway cases is original research. Consideration of this topic here amounts to advocacy since the neutral point-of-view would be that no such thing exists. Dystopos 13:57, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep At issue is not whether the boycott is appropriate. #This topic has been the subject of considerable discussion at Talk:Boycott_Aruba and Talk:Natalee_Holloway and the resulting merger and edit does have a neutral point of view. To delete a controversial article is to advocate one POV.
 * 1) In Talk:Boycott_Aruba  User:Mzzl has proposed the wrong test for deletion. He says Mister Mathew's unrelated call for a boycott on grounds of institutional racism is too marginal to warrant mention, and has very dubious merit. There are very few whites on Aruba, nearly everyone there, including the police and the politicians are a mixture of African, Native Aruban and Latin American. If there are other, independant sources confirming institutional racism on Aruba, I'll withdraw my request for deletion. --Mzzl 10:15, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) The test for a wikipedia article on a controversial subject is not whether one POV can be proved. However, a strong case can be made that Mathew's claim that there is racism between the Dutch and the native Arubans.
 * 3) With respect to Mathew and whether he is credible, last week he won his lawsuit against the government of Aruba in the European Court of Human Rights. The September 29, 2005, opinion validates Mathew's claim of institutional racism in Aruba.
 * It doesn't say anything about racism. The ruling states that despite mr. Mathew's violent behaviour -he broke the prison governor's face and threatened prison staff with a self made weapon, according to the Eduardo Mathews article you have written- it was not legal to treat him more harshly than other inmates. It is nowhere stated he was treated that way because of the color of his skin or any other reason. You basically have one man and his family calling for a boycott because he feels he was mistreated because of his race and his remarkable intelligence. This might be true or not, but is it a movement? Is it encyclopedic? The inclusion of this article is in itself POV because it seems to be created with the intention of being linked to from the Natelee Holloway article and support the POV that there is something wrong with the justice system on Aruba. Your article on mister Mathews is fine, but there is no connection with the Holloway case, imo. --Mzzl 10:52, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * 1) The editor of Diario, speaking out against the boycott, opined  on October 5, 2005, that the issue is between the Dutch and the Arubans.  See 1 --   The principal suspects is Dutch, the lead investigator was Dutch, the prosecutor is Dutch and the five judges involved are Dutch. If you think about it, an attempted boycott against Aruba is unjust, because it is misdirected and won’t achieve the desired results.
 * 2) CNN raised the issue  on June 15, 2005 here The last people to see Natalee Holloway on the night she disappeared in Aruba were the white teenage son of a local judge and two middle-class young men of Surinamese descent, according to local police. Within days of when Holloway was last seen in the early hours of May 30, Aruban police arrested two black security guards who worked at a hotel near where she was staying. One question swirling around the investigation was whether police initially targeted the security guards -- who were released without charges eight days later -- as suspects at least in part because of their race or class.
 * 3) One of the freed security guards, Mickey John raised the issue of racism, in several interviews, such as this one with Fox News -JOHN: Well, like I said before, the justice system, the detectives, they're all fools. They have to go to back to school. And they were used, like, a scapegoat, use, like, a black person in society to cover their mess.
 * 4) See also Olumide K. Obayemi Racism in Aruba: The arrests of Abraham Jones and Mickey John were not only unfair, but classically racist San Francisco View (July 6, 2005). changing my vote for reasons stated by Jtmichcock  Joaquin Murietta 02:13, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Posted by Joaquin Murietta 14:40, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You did not quote the preceeding line in my reason for asking for deletion: ... the Natalee Holloway related call for a boycott is already sufficiently covered under the natalee holloway topic. I don't see how the two issues are related, and why a call to boycott Aruba warrants a page of its own. Calls to boycott France or the USA don't get their own page either. --Mzzl 06:07, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The issue is not whether racism exists in the Aruban government. The issue is whether "Boycott Aruba" refers to anything, and whether that thing is notable or encyclopedic. I am not arguing for the deletion of the content, but of the article that tries to connect two events that are only related by a POV. That portion of the above material that is worth including in WP should, in my opinion, appear in other articles. Dystopos 17:06, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete... the issue is not "whether the boycott is appropriate", the issue is whether or not this is an encylopedic article that can stand on it's own merit. I'd say it is not.  There are vastly more publicized boycotts that don't have articles.  Google hits by and large reference Natalee Holloway related boycott, which is not even the main thrust of this article.  I don't see anything here worth saving.--Isotope23 19:40, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete... This topic does not merit its own page. It is a mere footnote to the larger Holloway story, and nothing more.  Although I believe that a topic on the Bus Boycott in Montgomery, Alabama would merit its own page rather than being part of a larger article on the civil rights movement because of its accomplishments and scope, this "boycott" has no historical merit, arguably isn't even going on except in the minds of the Twitty family and a few others who cannot let this case go.  Delete it and merge it into the Natalee Holloway page. (Unsigned comment by User:68.194.91.203)
 * Already merged. Dystopos 23:22, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete insofar as Natalee Holloway and Aruba topics can cover both. Jtmichcock 00:01, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with Jtmichcock and as soon as I can figure out how to red-line my prior vote and comments, I will. Joaquin Murietta 02:09, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Riverside Centre, Brisbane

The Riverside Centre is a skyscraper designed by Harry Seidler and located at 123 Eagle Street, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Completed in 1986, it contains 40 storeys and rises 146 m above ground. The building is owned by General Property Trust.

The base of the building fronts the Brisbane River with a CityCat wharf, has many cafes and restaurants, and is the site for the Riverside markets on Sundays. The Riverwalk, which links the central business district to suburbs both up and down the Brisbane river was built between the water and the public space surrounding the skyscraper.

The open plaza and steps at the tower base is a recommended viewing point for the Riverfire celebrations. The building has been heritage listed and formerly held the Brisbane Stock exchange. Norman Carlberg was the sculptor who collaborated with Seidler on works for the Riverside project.

The site was initially a cemetery. It was later occupied by low level buildings attached to wharves.

Riparian Plaza, the second major building in Brisbane designed by Seidler, was completed in 2005 and is located near the Riverside Centre. One One One Eagle Street is located between the two buildings.

title: Riverside Centre, Brisbane


text:
Philip Lucock

Philip Ernest Lucock, CBE (16 January 1916 – 8 August 1996) was an Australian politician and Presbysterian minister. He served in the House of Representatives from 1952 to 1980, representing the Division of Lyne for the Country Party. He was Deputy Speaker for a record span of over 13 years.

Early life
Lucock was born on 16 January 1916 in Eltham, Kent, England. He was the second of three surviving children born to Grace Miriam (née Bishop) and Alan Lucock. His father worked as a shell gauger at the Royal Arsenal and later opened a hair salon, while his mother was a dressmaker's apprentice before her marriage.

In 1923, Lucock and his family immigrated to New Zealand. They lived for periods in Dunedin, Timaru, and Christchurch, where his father ran salons. He attended Timaru Boys' High School (1929) and Christchurch Technical College (1930–1931), but had to leave school at the age of 14 to assist the family business during the Great Depression. Lucock later worked at a service station and at James Hay's department store in Christchurch. He moved to Sydney in 1937 and became a salesman at Anthony Hordern & Sons.

Religious work and military service
Lucock had been active in the Presbyterian Church in New Zealand and after moving to Australia decided to pursue ministerial training. In 1939 he became a home missionary in Paterson, New South Wales. Ineligible to serve as a military chaplain, he joined the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) in 1941 and trained as a pilot at Somers, Victoria, and then at Rhodesia under the Empire Air Training Plan. He was sent back to Australia after four months due to being diagnosed with a kidney disorder and was discharged in August 1942 with the rank of leading aircraftman.

After his discharge, Lucock was a home missionary at Wollomombi from 1943 to 1945. He later served at Blacktown (while studying at St Andrew's Theological Hall and at Wingham. He was ordained as a minister in 1948 and became the parish minister of St Andrew's Presbyterian Church, Wingham.

Political career
One year after he was ordained, Lucock stood as one of four candidates for the Country Party of Australia in the newly created seat of Lyne. He polled third behind Jim Eggins, who won the seat for the Country Party, and the Labor candidate Edward Hayes.

Lucock did not stand at the 1951 poll, but on the death of Jim Eggins in January 1952 a by-election was called. Lucock and Donald Lancaster stood for the Country Party against Edward Hayes. The presence of two Country Party candidates split the vote and Hayes took three thousand votes more than either Lucock or Lancaster, but with preferences from Lancaster, Lucock easily won the seat. When he was sworn in as the member for Lyne on 22 March 1952 Philip Lucock became the first member of the House of Representatives to swear allegiance to Queen Elizabeth II who had ascended to the throne on 6 February.

Once elected Philip Lucock served in the government of Sir Robert Menzies as Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives. Lucock also served in this role under Prime Ministers Harold Holt, John Gorton, William McMahon and Malcolm Fraser.

At the 1954 election Donald Lancaster, Lucock's running partner for the 1952 by election, stood against him as the Labor Party candidate. Although he gained 11.4 percent of the vote Lancaster's presence did not stop Lucock from gaining re-election.

In 1969 the seat of Lyne underwent redistribution, with the electorate area moving southward. Although the Labor Party increased its vote by 2 thousand, this did not have any great effect on the result of the election, with Philip Lucock winning by more than ten thousand votes.

Lyne was again redistributed in 1977 with the electorate again contracting from the north. Lucock retained the seat with a margin of 11.4 percent over Labor.

Retirement
After more than 28 years in the Australian Parliament Philip Lucock retired at the 1980 election. He was succeeded by Bruce Cowan. After leaving Parliament he served as Moderator of the Presbyterian Church. He retired to Queensland, living in the Brisbane suburb of Keperra until his death in 1996. His funeral was held in Brisbane and a memorial service was held at St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, Wingham, and each were attended by representatives of the Commonwealth Parliament.

title: Philip Lucock


text:
Template talk:Strategic bombing during World War II

Missing entries

 * Baedeker Raids? GraemeLeggett 14:51, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

Additions
There have been a number of additions lately of smaller towns and instances of what are closer to tactical bombing than mass strategic bombing. The matching articles are stubby and currently add little to the subject. The effect is to bloat the template - do we need to rethink the scope and contents? GraemeLeggett 09:02, 20 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes. Lets removing any links which are not to specific bombing articles or are stubs, and make it clear that in the template that this is about strategic bombing not tactical bombing raids. There will be some hazy areas, for example I would incldude all Blitzed cities, even ports which were attacked early on in the Battle of Britain and could be seen as tactical. Likewise I would include the Rotterdam Blitz because it had strategic repercussions, even though it can be argued that it was a tactical raid.
 * I think for tactical bombing raids should be in templates at the campaign or theatre level if they are done at all. --Philip Baird Shearer 12:05, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

Split
Perhaps we could split the template, or divide the entries within it, by year, perpetrator or target? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 19:55, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

Re-naming template – suggestion
Some of the bombings listed were non-city related/targeted. The most prominent of which is Pearl Harbor. Accordingly I recommend we rename the template as "WWII – major bombing missions". This template-name (or category) should include all of the big targets, military and civilian. More importantly, it will avoid POV issues. (Like: "TUV conducted a massive air-raid on the sleepy village of XYZ during the War of ABC".) – S. Rich (talk) 03:40, 25 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Hi, I'd prefer to leave it as city bombing and to include only towns and cities; otherwise it will get huge and will lose focus. I left Pearl Harbour there during my recent editing only because it seemed odd not to include it, given that it accounts for much of the Japan bombings. But it could be moved into the Japan section (bracketed or something), so that there isn't a United States section. SarahSV (talk) 04:16, 25 November 2019 (UTC)


text:
Portal:Trains/Anniversaries/May 14

 * May 14

 * 1860 – The Staten Island Railway is extended to Annadale.
 * 1951 – Talyllyn Railway (pictured) in Wales is reopened by the Talyllyn Railway Preservation Society, which is generally recognized to be the first such voluntary body to operate a railway.
 * 1994 – W. Graham Claytor Jr., president of Southern Railway 1967–1977, president of Amtrak 1982–1993, dies (b. 1912).
 * 1999 – The first section of the London Underground Jubilee Line Extension opens between Stratford and North Greenwich in east London.

title: Portal:Trains/Anniversaries/May 14


text:
Category:British nature writers

Authors and journalists from United Kingdom who write about nature and wildlife.

title: Category:British nature writers


text:
Talk:Carbon-13

Article too narrowly focused
I came to this article after reading the following Space.com article about how scientists are using carbon-13 to deduce the origins of life of Earth: I wanted to understand how biochemical reactions can distinguish between carbon-13 and other isotopes. But the current material here reads less like an encyclopedia article than an excerpt from a nuclear physics text. Can someone with more domain knowledge than I (on the whole subject of carbon-13, not just how to detect it) broaden this article to incorporate aspects of more general interest, like those that might answer my question? Thank you for any assistance. ~ Jeff Q (talk) 17:37, 28 November 2006 (UTC)
 * See Isotope fractionation Jclerman 18:57, 28 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Jeff Q is right, chemical and biochemical reactions should NEVER distinguish isotopes. But in fact enzymes distinguish them. I added this information and moved most of biological part of this article to Isotopic_signature in order to avoid duplication of material. Ivan Kucherenko (talk) 20:33, 11 April 2016 (UTC)

Chemical reactions do distinguish isotopes (the kinetic isotope effect) see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_isotope_effect — Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.133.13.170 (talk) 13:52, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

No mention of hyperpolarized carbon-13
No mention of hyperpolarized carbon-13 as used in Hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI; and see "Imaging breast cancer using hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI" - Rod57 (talk) 14:21, 26 January 2020 (UTC)

Natural abundance
Does anyone know from where the natural abundance figure is derived? it differs from the Wikipedia page on isotopes of carbon, which gives 1.07%, a value also found in primary literature, and used by mass spec manufacturers. 79.64.116.99 (talk) 22:03, 17 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Carbon-13


text:
Fight for Your Life

Fight for Your Life is a 1977 American grindhouse blaxploitation thriller film directed by Robert A. Endelson and starring William Sanderson and Robert Judd. It was presented at the Quentin Tarantino Film Festival in the QT Six Lineup showing held in October 2005. The story revolves around three criminals (a White, Mexican, and Asian male) who hold a Black family hostage and forces them to fight for their lives.

Plot
Sanderson plays Kane, a hate-fuelled racist redneck who absconds from jail with his sidekicks (an Asian and a Mexican). They hole up in the secluded house of Ted Turner, a black minister, and his family, where harsh epithets are exchanged and the minister is forced to take action to defend his family.

Cast

 * William Sanderson – as Jessie Lee Kane
 * Robert Judd – as Ted Turner
 * Cathrine Peppers – as Mrs. Turner
 * Lela Small – as Grandma Turner
 * Yvonne Ross – as Corrie Turner
 * Reggie Rock Bythewood – as Floyd Turner (as Reginald Bythewood)
 * Ramon Saunders – as Val Turner
 * Queenie Endelson – as Dog
 * Daniel Faraldo – Chino
 * Peter Yoshida – Ling
 * Bonnie Martin – Karen
 * David Cargill – Lt. Reilly
 * Richard A. Rubin – Captain Hamilton
 * David Dewlow – Joey
 * Pepe Hern – Navarro
 * Nick Hardin- Tony

Reception
Fight for Your Life has received a negative response from critics. TV Guide called it "a vile low-budget film that couldn't have found a receptive audience even during the height of tough blaxploitation pictures." Allmovie called it an "outrageous sleazefest" and "amazingly racist". Others have defended the film, finding it an objective look at racism at its worst; the film enjoys a cult following among fans of extreme cinema and grindhouse.

Censorship
Fight For Your Life was denied a British theatrical release in 1981, but a video release the following year allowed the public brief access to the film before it wound up on the video nasties list and was outlawed. It is notable for being the only 'video nasty' to appear on the list due to language, specifically the racism displayed by Sanderson's character.

Availability
Briefly available in the United Kingdom on the independent video label Vision On, released circa 1982, but outlawed with the advent of the Video Recordings Act (1984), Fight For Your Life was denied a British cinema release when it was rejected by the BBFC in October 1981. Fight For Your Life was issued in the U.S. by Blue Underground as a remastered DVD. The director passed on providing a commentary track for the DVD reissue, but did grant an interview for the book Nightmare USA in which he re-watched the film with his maid, Dorothy, and both provided retrospective insights on the film.

The original film negative, having been stored by the film rights holder in a New Jersey basement, was destroyed by Hurricane Sandy in 2012.

title: Fight for Your Life


text:
User talk:Robchurch/Imdaking

More suggestions for evidence:

Good luck. Are you going to start with an WP:RFC? Blank Verse  ∅  10:36, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Look up the discussion of Imdaking at WP:AN/I (SEE WP:AN/I #42, WP:AN/I #43)
 * Check his history of file uploads. As far as I can tell, other editors have only reported about 1/5th of his problem uploads. My guess is that almost all of his uploads other than logos do not qualify for the fair use tag. Some of his uploads probably still have the inappropriate screenshot tag. Every suspect image should be reported at WP:CP. [[Image:Staples.JPG]], [[Image:Mikrw.JPG]], [[Image:Michael J. Fox Hand Prints.jpg]], and [[Image:Gold.JPG]] have already been deleted.
 * Check his other subpages, especially User:Imdaking/template1 - what links here, which is his custom welcome message that ends "from The one and only King Wikipedian:", and his personal vandal warning User:Imdaking/vandal - what links here (for all of his subpages, see )
 * There are already a couple of his sockpuppets and IPs that have been identified, but I am almost certain that there are a couple more of them. You might try to further investigate some of the editors who have corresponded on his user page that also have accounts that were created around August 22nd, plus the edit histories of some of the pages that he has edited. I also have a strong feeling that Imdaking was not his first user account, although I don't think he had been editing for more than a month or two before creating the Imdaking account. You might look for other problem editors who have editing some of the same pages that Imdaking has. [note: although one admin thought that Imdaking might also be, I am convinced that he is not.] For one list of possible suspect user accounts, see . Look for similar spelling errors, pages that they share edits, etc.
 * One similarity: This vandal warning by Imdaking (on 9 September 2005) compared to the vandal warning left on his talk page by User:Wikipedianinthehouse (on either 12 or 13 September 2005).
 * I'd add the bogus "You have new messages." link on his user page as another complaint.
 * Also see General complaints

 * Don't forget his apparent homophobia. Job  e  6  [[Image:Peru flag large.png|20px]] 19:36, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Mike.JPG
Image:Michael J. Fox Hand Prints.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 01:21, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Robchurch/Imdaking


text:
Not Quite the Diplomat

Not Quite the Diplomat: Home Truths About World Affairs is a book by Chris Patten, published by Allen Lane in September 2005. Patten was the last Governor of Hong Kong and afterwards became Europe's Commissioner for External Relations. In the book, he attempts to provide insights into the world of diplomacy and discusses the position of a unified Europe in relation to the United States and emerging powers such as India and China.

A revised version of the book for the American market is called Cousins and Strangers: America, Britain, and Europe in a New Century. It contains an additional chapter, Happy Families.

The book contains an interesting comment on Black and Scholes regarding their option pricing formula (p. 218): "... it is surely laughable when the highest awards are showered on those who promote the most gimcrack schemes to make them-selves rich, at least for a while. The geniuses who invented the pyramid of derivatives at Long-Term Capital Management were awarded the Nobel Prize for their cleverness, not long before the whole edifice came crashing down with the financial community digging deep into its pockets to prevent too much collateral damage. To every excess, there comes a reaction."

title: Not Quite the Diplomat


text:
User:Adam1213/sandbox

.

title: User:Adam1213/sandbox


text:
Henri Bosco

Henri Bosco (16 November 1888 – 4 May 1976) was a French writer. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature four times.

Life
Bosco was born in Avignon, Vaucluse, into a family of Provençal, Ligurian and Piedmontese origin. Through his father, he was related to Saint John Bosco, of whom he wrote a biography. His novels for adults and children provide a sensitive evocation of Provençal life. In 1945, he was awarded the Prix Renaudot for his novel Le Mas Théotime (The Farm Théotime). Other awards he received were the Prix des Ambassadeurs in 1949, the Grand prix national des Lettres in 1953, the Prix de l'Académie de Vaucluse in 1966, the Grand prix de la Mediterranée in 1967, and the Grand Prix de Littérature de l'Académie française in 1968. He died in Nice and was buried at the cemetery of Lourmarin.

title: Henri Bosco


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User talk:Melodius~enwiki

Welcome to Wikipedia!

I'd like to see the Belgium article featured. Would you like to help? Participate to the peer review and maybe to the future poll for getting it featured. Vb 10:39, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 16:13, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Melodius~enwiki


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The Collection 1977–1982

The Collection 1977–1982 is a compilation album by The Stranglers. It was released to complete their contract with EMI, who had acquired the band's back catalogue on the United Artists and Liberty labels. It peaked at No. 12 in the UK Albums Chart in 1982.

The album collected together several of the band's most popular singles and album tracks, and also included a "new" track, "Strange Little Girl". The inclusion of "Strange Little Girl" was an ironic move on the band's part: EMI had been indifferent to the band when they acquired their catalogue the previous year, not regarding them as a commercial proposition. The band proved them wrong by having a hit single with "Golden Brown", despite lacklustre promotion from EMI. When required to deliver a final single, the band re-recorded the song "Strange Little Girl", which had originally been on a demo tape they had given to EMI in 1974. EMI rejected the tape at the time, but the re-recorded "Strange Little Girl" went on to be a top 10 hit.

Track listing
All songs written by Hugh Cornwell, Jean-Jacques Burnel, Dave Greenfield, Jet Black, except where noted.

Video
A companion VHS video was released to accompany the album, containing promo clips for several of the band's songs. This was later released on DVD.

 * 1) "(Get A) Grip (On Yourself)"
 * 2) "Something Better Change"
 * 3) "Peaches" (live in Battersea Park, London, 16 September 1978)
 * 4) "Hanging Around" (live in Battersea Park, London, 16 September 1978)
 * 5) "Straighten Out"
 * 6) "5 Minutes"
 * 7) "No More Heroes"
 * 8) "Sweden (All Quiet on the Eastern Front)"
 * 9) "Nice 'n' Sleazy" (live in Battersea Park, London, 16 September 1978)
 * 10) "Duchess"
 * 11) "Nuclear Device (The Wizard of Aus)"
 * 12) "Bear Cage"
 * 13) "Who Wants The World?"
 * 14) "Golden Brown"
 * 15) "La Folie"
 * 16) "Strange Little Girl"

title: The Collection 1977–1982