text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/HassanIIMosque

HassanIIMosque
Nice light reflection from the marble floor in the second largest mosque in the world; Hassan II Mosque, author: Lsorin

Raven4x4x 09:14, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Nominate and support. - Lsorin 13:08, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I note this is your own photo Lsorin: nice work, but before voting starts, I'd recommend you re-crop it for perfect symmetry and rotate or skew it very slightly to correct the vertical. ~ Veledan • Talk + new 16:12, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Please check the modified version - Lsorin
 * Oppose - Horribly blown out highlights....unfortunately. --Deglr6328 22:20, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. agree. Enochlau 04:23, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Highlights a big problem.  Unschool 18:00, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose - as everone else says, overexposure has wrecked it - Adrian Pingstone 22:27, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately oppose for reasons listed above. --ScottyBoy900Q ∞ 02:53, 6 October 2005 (UTC)


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Anthogonium

Anthogonium is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae). At the present time (May 2014), only one species is recognized, i.e., Anthogonium gracile found in India, Assam, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Guangxi, Guizhou, Tibet, and Yunnan.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Anthogonium


text: User talk:207.103.12.2

title: User talk:207.103.12.2


text:
W. B. Gallie

Walter Bryce Gallie (5 October 1912 – 31 August 1998) was a Scottish social theorist, political theorist, and philosopher.

Early life
Gallie was born in Lenzie, East Dunbartonshire, near Glasgow, the son of an engineer. He worked as a classics teacher at Sedbergh School between the wars and later published his memoirs of this in the book An English School.

Military career
He served in the British Army from 1940 to 1945, leaving the service with the rank of major. He was awarded the Croix de Guerre. "[The time he spent in the army] evidently made an [sic] great impression upon him. Though a very out-going man, he never spoke of his wartime experiences though he repeatedly returned to the philosophical aspects of war in conversation."

Academic career
Gallie became an Assistant Lecturer in Philosophy at University College of Swansea in 1935, a lecturer in philosophy at University College of Swansea in 1938 and Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at University College of Swansea in 1948. He moved on to become Professor of Philosophy at University College of North Staffordshire in 1950, Professor of Logic and Metaphysics at Queen's University, Belfast in 1954 and Professor of Political Science at Cambridge University 1967. He was also a fellow of Peterhouse from 1967 to 1978.

In Gallie's paper on 'Essentially contested concepts', he argued that it is impossible to conclusively define key appraisive concepts such as 'social justice,' 'democracy,' 'Christian life', 'art', 'moral goodness' and 'duty', although it is possible and rational to discuss one's justifications for holding one interpretation over competing ones. Clarification of such concepts involves not the examination of predictive relations (as is the case for most scientific concepts), but rather, consideration of how the concept has been used by different parties throughout its history.

Personal life and death
Gallie married Menna Patricia Humphreys in 1940. They had a son and a daughter.

He died in Cardigan, Ceredigion, on 31 August 1998.

Works

 * 1939: "An Interpretation of Causal Laws", Mind Vol.48, No.192, pp. 409–426.
 * 1949: An English School, Cresset Press.
 * 1952: Peirce and Pragmatism, Penguin Books, (Harmondsworth).
 * 1954: "The Function of Philosophical Aesthetics", pp. 13–35 in Elton, W.R., Aesthetics and Language: Essays by W. B. Gallie and Others, Basil Blackwell.
 * 1955: "Explanations in History and the Genetic Sciences", Mind, Vol.64, No.254, pp. 160–180.
 * 1955: "Essentially Contested Concepts", Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Vol.56, (1956), pp. 167–198.
 * 1956: "Art as an Essentially Contested Concept", The Philosophical Quarterly Vol.6, No.23, pp. 97–114.
 * 1957: Free Will and Determinism Yet Again: An Inaugural Lecture Delivered on 15 May 1957 at the Queen's University of Belfast, Marjory Boyd, (Belfast).
 * 1957: "What Makes a Subject Scientific?", The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 8(30): 118–139.
 * 1957: "The Lords' Debate on Hanging July 1956: Interpretation and Comment", Philosophy, Vol.32, No.121, pp. 132–147.
 * 1960: A New University: A. D. Lindsay and the Keele Experiment, Chatto & Windus.
 * 1964: Philosophy and the Historical Understanding, Chatto & Windus, (London).
 * "Narrative and Historical Understanding" [reprint of "The Historical Understanding" (1964), pp. 40–51 in Roberts, G. (ed), The History and Narrative Reader, Routledge, (London), 2001.
 * 1968: Philosophy and the Historical Understanding, 2nd ed. Schocken Books.
 * 1968: "The Idea of Practice", Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 68: 63–86.
 * 1973: "Wanted: A Philosophy of International Relations", Political Studies 27(3): 484–492.
 * 1978: Philosophers of Peace and War: Kant, Clausewitz, Marx, Engels and Tolstoy [The Wiles Lectures, delivered at Belfast University in May 1976], Cambridge University Press.
 * 1979: "Kant's View of Reason in Politics", Philosophy, Vol.54, No.207, pp. 19–33.
 * 1983: How to Think about Nuclear Weapons: J.R. Jones Memorial Lecture Delivered at the College on 26 April 1983, University College of Swansea.
 * 1991: Understanding War: An Essay on the Nuclear Age, Routledge, (London).

title: W. B. Gallie


text:
HMS Seal

Three vessels of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Seal:

 * HMS Seal (1897), an Earnest-class destroyer launched in 1897. She served in World War I and was sold in 1921.
 * HMS Seal (N37), a Grampus-class submarine mine-laying submarine launched in 1938. In World War II she was captured and commissioned into the Kriegsmarine as UB.
 * HMS Seal was a recovery and support craft launched in 1967, originally belonging to the Royal Air Force, transferred briefly to the RN in 1991, and transferred again to the Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service the same year.

title: HMS Seal


text:
Raskin

Raskin (and the feminine variant Raskina) is a surname of Yiddish origin, a matronymic from "Raske", nickname for Rachel. Notable people with this name include:

In arts and entertainment

 * Allison Raskin (born 1989), American writer and content creator
 * Ellen Raskin (1928–1984), American author (The Westing Game), illustrator, and designer
 * Eugene Raskin or Gene Raskin (c.1910–2004), American musician and playwright
 * Fred Raskin (born 1972), American film editor
 * Jenny Raskin (born 1969), American television producer and filmmaker
 * Jessica Raskin (born 1982), American actress
 * Jozef Raskin (1892–1943), Belgian painter and missionary
 * Judith Raskin (1928–1984), American soprano
 * Lisi Raskin (born 1974), American artist
 * Mario Raskin (born 1952), Argentine harpsichordist
 * Maurice Raskin (1906–1984), Belgian violinist
 * Milt Raskin (1916–1977), American pianist
 * Philip Raskin (born 1947), Scottish landscape painter
 * Philip Max Raskin (1880–1944), Jewish/English/American poet
 * Saul Raskin (1878–1966), American artist and writer

In government and politics

 * Eleanor Raskin (born 1946), leftist radical, member of the Weather Underground
 * Jamie Raskin (born 1962), American politician
 * Marcus Raskin (1934–2017), American progressive activist and social critic
 * Max Raskin (1902–1984), American politician and judge
 * Sarah Bloom Raskin (born 1961), American jurist
 * Wouter Raskin (born 1972), Belgian-Flemish politician

In religion

 * Aaron Raskin, Chabad rabbi in Brooklyn, New York
 * Arie Zeev Raskin (born 1976), Chief Rabbi of Cyprus
 * Dovid Raskin (1927–2011), Chabad Hasidic rabbi

In sport

 * Guillaume Raskin (1937–2016), Belgian footballer
 * Nicolas Raskin (born 2001), Belgian footballer
 * Tubby Raskin (1902–1981), American basketball player and coach
 * Yulia Raskina (born 1982), Belarusian rhythmic gymnast

In other fields

 * A. H. Raskin (1911–1993), Canadian-American labor reporter
 * Aza Raskin (born 1984), son of Jef Raskin and president of Humanized, makers of Enso
 * Jef Raskin (1943–2005), interface designer for the Apple Macintosh
 * Jonah Raskin (born 1942), American writer
 * Lutgarde Raskin, Belgian-American scientist
 * Paul Raskin (born 1942), future scenario analysis and sustainability expert
 * Robin Raskin (born 1954), American writer
 * Victor Raskin (born 1944), Russian-born American linguist

title: Raskin


text:
Fay Templeton

Fay Templeton (December 25, 1865 – October 3, 1939) was an American actress, singer, songwriter, and comedian.

Her parents were John J. Templeton and Alice Van Asse, both of whom were actors/vaudevillians; Fay followed in their footsteps, making her Broadway debut in 1900. Templeton excelled on the legitimate and vaudeville stages for more than half a century. She was a favorite headliner and heroine of popular theater, appearing until 1934. For a time she dated Sam Shubert, of the Shubert family of theatre owners, until his death in a railroad accident.

Some of her notable performances were in H.M.S. Pinafore and Roberta. Her career longevity was attributable not only to her physical appearance, which was of the fashionable robust nature of her time, but her multitude of talents from singing to composing.

Early life and career
Templeton was born on December 25, 1865, in Little Rock, Arkansas, where her parents were starring with the Templeton Opera Company. Her father, John Templeton, was a well-known Southern theatre manager, comedian, and author. Her mother, Helen Alice Vane (aka Alice Van Asse), starred with her husband. At age three, Templeton, dressed as Cupid, sang fairy tale songs between the acts of her father's plays. Gradually, she was incorporated into the productions as a bit player, and then at age 5, had lines to recite. At age 8, she played Puck in A Midsummer Night's Dream, making her New York debut at Grand Opera House.

At fifteen, Templeton joined a light opera company, playing in a juvenile version of Gilbert and Sullivan's H.M.S. Pinafore. She also played in The Mascot and Billee Taylor.

On October 7, 1885, Templeton had her formal Broadway debut in a revival of Evangeline. The play ran for 201 performances. In this show, she displayed talent as both a comedian and mimic. She starred in the London premiere of Monte Cristo Jr., an 1886 hit.

After several years on the road playing in various melodramas and musical farces, Templeton was given the title role in Hendrik Hudson, which opened at the 14th Street Theater on August 18, 1890. It was a "trouser role", one in which an actress appears in male clothing, then a popular feature of operettas. Her role was of a faithless husband. She won accolades singing "The Same Old Thing", but the show lasted only 16 performances.

By 1890, Templeton had formed her own opera company and starred in various operettas, none of which fared well financially. In 1895, she starred in another trouser role in E.E. Rice's Excelsior, Jr. at Oscar Hammerstein's Olympic Theater.

Weber & Fields
In 1896, the comic duo Joe Weber and Lew Fields leased a Broadway theater which they dubbed the "Weber & Fields' Broadway Music Hall"; with this as a base of operations, they formed a stock company made up of headliners, including Templeton. Her appearance and weight well suited the burlesque stage rather than Gay Nineties; moreover, her comedic versatility, long dark hair, sultry smile, and throaty-voiced singing continued to win over audiences.

In "Fiddle Dee Dee", a 1900 Weber & Fields production, Templeton performed the John Stromberg composition "Ma Blushin' Rosie, Ma Posie Sweet", its first performance. The number which became the hit of the show, and was re-recorded by multiple artists in later years, including Al Jolson. In 1901, she premiered "I'm a Respectable Working Girl" in a new Music Hall show; this production incorporated elements of one-act burlesque shows "Quo Vas Iss", "Arizona", 'Exhibit II", and "Fiddle Dee Dee". For all of these, music was composed Stromberg with lyrics by Edgar Smith.

In 1903, Templeton introduced the whimsical "The Woodchuck Song" (How much wood would a woodchuck chuck) written by Robert Hobart Davis for her, as part of the musical The Runaways.

1906 to 1913
George M. Cohan hired Templeton to play the lead in Forty-Five Minutes from Broadway. Templeton introduced the hit songs "So Long Mary" and "Mary Is a Grand Old Name". The musical debuted on January 1, 1906 at the New Amsterdam Theatre on Broadway and ran for 90 performances before closing on March 17. Following her August marriage to Pittsburgh industrialist William Patterson, Templeton announced her retirement from the stage yet reprised her role in Forty-Five Minutes from Broadway for its November re-opening.

In 1911, Weber & Fields began planning their reunion with a Jubilee touring company featuring all the old Music Hall stars. Templeton was one of the first to volunteer. The tour lasted five months and broke all records for touring companies. She continued in vaudeville with an act that included songs from previous shows.

During her time with Weber & Fields, Templeton frequently appeared alongside Peter F. Dailey, a well known burlesque and vaudeville performer. Dailey died in 1908, shortly after a performance, in Chicago; he was buried in the West family plot along with Fay's first husband, William H. West. West and Dailey were brothers-in-law, married to sisters Emma Hanley and Mary Hanley Angus, respectively.

In 1913, Templeton again announced her retirement.

Recordings and motion pictures
Templeton appeared in only one full-length motion picture, preferring to perform in the live theatre. Her sole foray into full-length motion pictures was 1933’s Broadway to Hollywood (film), which featured many stars of the stage in numerous roles.

Templeton appeared in at least three short films from 1904 to 1907.

Many of Templeton's songwriting efforts were performed on radio and recorded on phonograph. However, no recordings of her voice are extant.

Returning to performing
In 1925, Templeton appeared in an 'old-timer's' show at the Palace Theater, again working with Weber & Fields. At this time, Templeton re-announced retirement. Asked if she would continue to perform, she replied, "It's been great fun, but it's a new Broadway and a new theater, and hereafter I'll be content to look on from out front".

In another change of heart, she returned to the stage in 1926 to play Mrs. Cripps aka 'Buttercup' in a revival of H.M.S. Pinafore. Again, she claimed it was her last appearance on stage.

When Templeton's husband died suddenly in 1932, she returned to the stage too resume earning a living; her husband's estate never settled, leaving her without an independent means of support.

Her most significant stage appearance was in 1934’s production of "Roberta" by Jerome Kern in the role of Aunt Minnie, a dress shop owner in Paris. "Smoke Gets In Your Eyes", which was debuted in this play, became a signature American classic song. Written for Templeton, the musical number "Yesterdays (1933 song) has also entered the American songbook as a jazz standard. While no recording of Templeton's rendition exists, the classic has been covered by dozens of artists over the decades since Templeton's launch of it in the show.

Bob Hope, in his American stage debut, provided comic relief for this show, which ran nine months.

Personal life
In May 1883, Templeton eloped with William H. West ("Billy"), a blackface minstrel performer, marrying in Nashville, Tennessee. After a three week visit to New York City, followed by three weeks in Chicago, Templeton left West and returned to New York. West filed for divorce in December 1886, in Chicago, citing "desertion" by Templeton. Templeton acknowledged this marriage on the marriage license for her 1906 wedding to William J Patterson, altering her "age at first marriage" to 15. No records have been found for the dissolution of this marriage other than press reports.

In 1887, Templeton began a long term relationship with Howell Osborn, the son of a wealthy New York City broker. Osborn was described as "the most conspicuous of the gilded youth about town". The two lived in England and toured the continent for several years. At his death in May 1895, Osborn left Templeton $100,000; Templeton signed the probate record as "Fay Templeton-Osborn, formerly Fay Templeton", implying that the couple were wed. Further, on her marriage license to her final husband, Templeton listed her name as "Fay T. Osborn". No marriage license or records for Osborn and Templeton are noted to support assertions that the couple married in France. After debts were paid from Osborn's estate, less than $21,000 was remaindered to Templeton.

On 1 Aug 1906, Templeton married William J Patterson, a partner at the Pittsburgh engineering firm of Heyl & Patterson Inc.Their marriage was held in Ridley Park, Pennsylvania. Following a European honeymoon, the couple made their main residence in Springdale, Pennsylvania. The marriage, which was childless, ended in Patterson's death in 1931. Patterson died intestate; his estate, valued at $136,000, was never distributed and his death left Templeton destitute.

Death
At age 71 and suffering from arthritis, Templeton found herself unable to support herself. In 1936, she relocated from Pittsburgh to the Lillian Booth Actors Home Englewood, New Jersey.

Afterward, Templeton moved to San Francisco, living with a cousin. She died on October 3, 1939, at age 73, in San Francisco.

Musical compositions recovered
In June 2010, recordings of music composed by Fay Templeton preserved on two 1896-1897 gramophone recordings were discovered aboard the wreck of the Klondike Gold Rush paddlewheeler A. J. Goddard. Other recordings were discovered as well. The Goddard sank in a storm on October 22, 1901, in Lake Laberge, Yukon. The wreckage was first discovered in June 2008; the recordings were discovered on a more complete exploration of the vessel on 5 Jul 2008. The recordings' vocals featured other artists, but no voice recordings of Templeton, either speaking or singing, were part of the wreckage recovery.

Templeton's recovered titles are "Ma Onliest One", recorded in New York on April 17, 1896, with Len Spencer heard in the vocals, and "Rendez Vous Waltz", recorded on July 1, 1897, with music performed by the Metropolitan Orchestra. The gramophone recording process used on these discs was developed by Emile Berliner.

In popular culture
In the 1941 musical Babes on Broadway, Judy Garland performs an impression of Templeton singing "Mary's a Grand Old Name".

In the 1942 movie musical Yankee Doodle Dandy, Templeton was portrayed by actress Irene Manning.

In the 1968 Broadway musical George M!, she was portrayed by Jacqueline Alloway.

Selected musicals

 * Evangeline (1885)
 * Fiddle-Dee-Dee (1900) with David Warfield and De Wolfe Hopper
 * Broadway to Tokio (1900), as Cleopatra
 * The Runaways (1903)
 * George M. Cohan's Forty-five Minutes from Broadway (1906) with Victor Moore
 * Hokey-Pokey (1912) with Joe Weber, Lew Fields, and Lillian Russell

Selected short-version filmography

 * The Strenuous Life; or Anti-Race Suicide (1903, short; Edison). A satire directed at then-President Theodore Roosevelt.
 * How a French Nobleman Got a Wife Through the New York Herald Personal Columns (1904, short; Edison). A parody of the late nineteenth/early 20th century phenomenon of the American dollar princess marriages between impoverished European aristocrats and wealthy American women.
 * Getting Evidence (1907, short; Edison)

title: Fay Templeton


text:
Saraghrar

Saraghrar is the fourth highest independent peak in the Hindu Kush. The entire Saraghrar massif is a huge, irregular stretched plateau at elevation around 7000 m, lying above vertical granite and ice faces, which protect it all around. Its distinct summits are poorly identified, and information gathered from expeditions that have visited the area is often misleading. The main summits are: NE summit (7340 m), northwest summit (7300 m), southwest summit (7148 m), south summit (7307 m) and southeast summit (7208 m).

Climbing history
In 1958 a British team led by Ted Norrish made a first try on the northeast summit (7349 m). This expedition was stopped by the death of member P. S. Nelson.

The year after, on August 24, 1959, the northeast peak was climbed for the first time by an Italian team led by Fosco Maraini and including Franco Alletto, Giancarlo Castelli, Paolo Consiglio, Carlo Alberto "Betto" Pinelli (the latter four reaching the top), Silvio Jovane, Franco Lamberti (expedition's doctor) and Enrico Leone, all members of the Italian Alpine Club (Rome section). They ascended via the Niroghi glacier on the northeast of the massif.

On August 24, 1967, Satoh Yukitoshi and Hara Hirosada, members of a Japanese expedition led by Kenichiro Yamamoto (Mountaineering club of Hitotsubashi University) reached the South Summit for the first time by the Rosh-Gol glacier.

In 1971, Nagano, member of a Japanese expedition (Shizuoka climbing club) led by Akiyama Reiske, summitted the SW peak for the first time on July 29.

Three Catalan expeditions in 1975, 1977 and 1982 tried the Northwest summit (7,300 m (23,950ft)) via Southwest pillar from the Rosh Gol valley. On August 9, 1982, Juan Lopez Diaz (expedition leader), Enrique Lucas Llop and Nil Bohigas Martorell reached the northwest II summit (7200 m).

In 2005, five members of a Swiss expedition led by Jean-Michel Zweiacker reached the southeast summit (7208 m) for the first time (Mazal Chevallier, Sébastien Grosjean and Yves-Alain Peter on July 24; Marc Bélanger and Jean-Michel Zweiacker on July 29).

In 2021, Georgian mountaineers Archil Badriashvili, Giorgi Tepnadze, and Bakar Gelashvili made the first ascent of Saraghrar Northwest on September 10. The ascent was completed in alpine style over 8 days, via the unclimbed NW face from the Rosh Gol valley, and won them the 2022 Piolet d'Or.

title: Saraghrar


text:
Adam Khan

Adam Langley-Khan (born 24 May 1985) is a British racing driver of Pakistani descent.

History
Khan began racing with an intensive course at the BRDC Silverstone Racing School in 2001, and jointly competed in several Junior Formula Ford races.

The following year he participated in four races through a scholarship class in the BRDC Formula 3 Winter Series.

In May 2003, Eddie Jordan endorsed Adam Khan's career when Khan was 17 years of age for the 2003 Formula Renault V6 Eurocup. In October same year, he joined Performance Racing programme.

2005–06
After the launching of A1 Team Pakistan, Nur Ali was the first driver to be named in the inaugural 2005–06 A1 Grand Prix season, but was replaced before the first round with Adam Khan.

In the first race at Brands Hatch, Khan qualified in 7th place and finished the sprint race in 8th. The team had problems in the pit stop in the feature race and resulted in Khan finishing 13th. Following this, the team failed to score a point until the final race in China where Khan finished fifth. The team missed three rounds after Khan was injured in a practice crash in South Africa, although Enrico Toccacelo was drafted in as a non-scoring substitute driver for said weekend. Pakistan finished 20th in the standings with a total of 10 points.

In the second edition, Khan left the team, and Nur Ali was recalled to race in season two. Khan took a break from racing, instead concentrating on his business studies at King’s College London.

2007–08
Khan returned to the squad for season three. Khan's only point of the season came when he finished 10th in the sprint race in New Zealand.

2008–09
On August 2008, Khan prepared for the new A1GP season. On 10 September 2008, Khan was announced as both the driver and team seat holder for the 2008–09 season. Team Craft took over the running of the team. The team failed to appear at any events that season, initially due to problems with Khan fitting in the new chassis and later due to date-clashes with Khan's duties as demonstration driver for the Renault F1 Team.

Euroseries 3000
Having competed in the Euro3000 series in 2008 finishing third, and despite missing the first four races he narrowly missed out on the championship. His performances were spotted by the bosses at Renault F1 and he became their F1 test and demonstration driver in 2009 alongside Fernando Alonso and Nelson Piquet Jr.

Personal life
Khan was born in Bridlington, Yorkshire to a British Pakistani family. He was appointed as an official government ambassador for motor sports in Pakistan, and in 2006 was presented with a young achievers award by the country’s president Pervez Musharraf.

Career summary
† At the Durban round he was injured after crash in practice sessions.
 * (1) = Team standings.

Complete A1 Grand Prix results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete GP2 Asia Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

title: Adam Khan


title: User:Jonik/Babel-3


text:
Teta Lando

Alberto Teta Lando (June 2, 1948 – July 14, 2008) was an Angolan musician.

Teta was born in Mbanza Congo, the capital city of Zaire Province in the north of the country, and is Mukongo. He is well known in Portuguese-speaking African countries and Portugal itself.

His music focused on Angolan identity, the country's civil war, the saudades (nostalgia, melancholy, and longing) of Angolan exiles, as well as young love and family. He spoke and sang in both the Portuguese and Kikongo languages. Among his most well-known songs were "Irmão ama teu irmão" ("Brother, Love Your Brother") and "Eu vou voltar" ("I Will Return").

During the last several years of his life, he managed to reunite a group of many Angolan musicians.

He died in Paris, France, after battling cancer.

Discography

 * Memórias 1968-1990 (Teta Lando Produções, Luanda, Angola)

title: Teta Lando


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dopetacular

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. This is by a narrow margin, as contrary to obvious expectations, the anonymous IP who added the keep vote does have other contributions. But I personally feel this is a very non-notable neologism. — J I P | Talk 16:51, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Dopetacular
Neologism / Dic. def.
 * Delete --Quasipalm 13:13, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No sources and adds little to Wikipedia. Winnermario 22:47, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * keep**** Neologisms often become accepted parts of the language. I see it as being useful, and also helping the language to grow and change; I believe itresembles a fun and creative way to play with a language.

I have heard this word several times in my area. I agree with Mr. Lewis's post. I do not feel it should be deleted.
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Samuel Gompers

Intro
The beginning of the article could be rewritten. Frozenfood 22:48, 19 January 2007
 * good point--I expanded it. Rjensen 04:11, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

"All but one year" is confusing. Perhaps it can be reworded, or simply excluded altogether. Is it so important to include such information in the intro? This fact is stated later in the article anyhow. If you want to keep it, though, a suggestion might be "he was president from year x to y, except for z,..." and so on. I hope this is helpful for you. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.211.222.27 (talk) 22:34, 27 September 2008 (UTC)
 * i fixed that and upgraded the lede to explain his important roles, including politics, spokesman for labor, and minimizing jurisdictional conflicts among unions.Rjensen (talk) 20:55, 28 September 2008 (UTC)

Hi accidentally made text bold. How undo? Bigchrisskelton (talk) 20:49, 24 April 2021 (UTC)

Source
"...[t]he superior whites had to exclude the inferior Asiatics, by law, or, if necessary, by force of arms." Can anyone source this? Marskell 20:28, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

at the bottom of the page, someone should just fix it... it leads to someone named william green but it doesn't go to the correct page, so could someone just fix that? i don't really know how to edit that correctly

Beginning of second paragraph: "In 1877 the union had collapsed and Gompers and his friend Adolph Hitler" contains an error. Per Wikipedia's own entry, Adolph Hitler was not born until 1889, so the chances of him doing anything with Gompers in 1877 are pretty slim.

Quotes
I read the WSJ article that contains Gompers' quote about "Colored workmen", and I'm not arguing about accuracy - I'm just concerned that a naked quote doesn't inform us about much. It is especially worrisome that the reference says Gomphers was quoted in The Wall Street Journal, September 3, 2007. Odd, as he was dead for 83 years at the time. The quote was, of course, requoted in the WSJ article of that date, but this miswording highlights the danger of context - or lack there of. --Bookandcoffee 21:14, 5 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, actually it probably doesn't - it just irritated me. :) I do think we need to find some context for this quote, as there are many more quotes, both good and bad I'm sure, that could as easily stand in its place.--Bookandcoffee 21:21, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

boston police strike?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge#Boston_Police_Strike —Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.184.238.224 (talk) 22:38, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

Middle name
He's often referred to as "Samuel L. Gompers". What does the L stand for? Google hasn't helped me with this. -- JackofOz (talk) 05:11, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Update: I raised this @ Reference desk/Humanities, and it seems I was mistaken.  He had no middle name, although many people seem to think he did, and that it started with L.  I'm making a note in the article about this.  --  JackofOz (talk) 02:14, 29 September 2008 (UTC)
 * It seems that someone made one of the "references" a note about Gompers' lack of middle name, perhaps a footnote or equivalent would serve better in this instance
 * -5donuts (talk) 01:53, 18 February 2014 (UTC)

Vandalism?
It seems someone called godlovesfootie has changed a number of s-es to sh's. Samuel Gompers --> Shamuel Gompersh. While of course hilarious (cough) it's incorrect. Can someone perhaps revert to a correct previous version? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.0.115.139 (talk) 22:12, 28 May 2009 (UTC)

Corrected inaccurate information and cleaned up poorly-worded sentences in dedications section
I made a few small changes to the schools paragraph under the dedication section of the article. The page mistakenly listed an elementary school in Watts as being named after Samuel Gompers, when in fact the school in Watts is a middle school, while the elementary school named after Gompers is in Lakewood, California. The Lakewood school was not listed in the article so I added it. In addition, the schools paragraph of the dedications section was confusingly worded and didn't consist of actual sentences, so I added a few words in order to make it more coherent. ColoradoCNC (talk) 20:34, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

Needs less trivia and more work
I beat the hell out of this page, getting it into some sort of skeletal shape for somebody to get serious writing. Samuel Gompers is one of the most important figures of his era and what we have here is a compendium of trivia. The quote section needs to be totally annihilated and the story needs to be told CHRONOLOGICALLY in a biographical manner, not with short hits of topical trivia splayed around willy nilly like it was written by Kurt Vonnegut's junior high school nephew after hitting his daddy's liquor cabinet. Sorry if that's harsh, but things were terrible here and I wielded the chainsaw pretty mercilessly (but still not as much as I needed to). So who is up for the challenge? Carrite (talk) 03:07, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

Legacy
It should be mentioned that he got a US Navy ship named after him USS Samuel Gompers (AD-37) He was a big supporter of forced sterilization of the "Unfit" eugenics Herogamer (talk) 15:10, 14 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Find citations, add the info! The more info the better. - Tim1965 (talk) 22:44, 14 September 2010 (UTC)

It also should be noted that his views changed, in his youth he was pro-socialist, and as he grew up he became a proponent of pure and simple unionism. He also instilled his views regarding non-white workers in unions and in the labor movement and especially in the AFL. The proof is the lack of minorities in the AFL today. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.14.58.85 (talk) 16:45, 3 March 2011 (UTC)

 * The point about Gompers' changing philosophy is certainly valid, and may be covered better in other Wikipedia articles, such as Labor federation competition in the United States. (I've added a couple of links.)

 * By "the AFL today" i assume you mean the AFL-CIO? After a rather abominable early history as the AFL regarding issues of nationality, ethnicity and sex, the AFL-CIO today has a fairly progressive policy on minorities. I just wish their policy was as liberal on the rights of non-affiliated unions to exist, the rights of low paid, temp, and part time workers to join, and the right of workers in other countries to organize freely. Richard Myers (talk) 03:56, 7 March 2011 (UTC)

Problem quotation
The final quotation appears to be a composite of several speeches, and Gompers apparently was wont to use some of the phrases here in multiple speeches. For instance, he used the phrase "the most potent and the most direct social insurance" in at least two speeches I can find. However the entirety of that phrase I have thus far been only able to trace to an address to the National Civic Federation Annual Meeting in January 1917 (see here), and there it appears in a different context and is not preceded by the other quoted material. I have been unable to find another source that cites the quotation. I am inclined to take the quote directly from the referenced address and remove the current version unless someone can come up with a better citation (the WSJ page is gone and I doubt that all of this material came from it). Mangoe (talk) 19:07, 22 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Well, a direct source of that quotation has been found. In fact, better sources for all the quotations has been found. This article is not about all the times Gompers may have used a phrase or sentence, and he is not alone in repeating himself. The question is: Can an authoritative source be found for the quote in question? Yes, and it's now cited properly inline. - Tim1965 (talk) 19:31, 22 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Thank you for that, no thanks for the snark. I've expanded the ellipsis since it seems to me that the full quotation gives a better and fuller picture. Mangoe (talk) 21:14, 22 February 2011 (UTC)
 * I don't believe in snarkiness, and wasn't being above, either. You pointed out how Gompers may have repeated himself many times; I pointed out that Gompers is not alone in doing this, and the goal should be to choose a quote and get it cited. There are articles about the history of phrases (like the article about Martin Niemoller's "First they came..." quotation), but it seems to me to be inappropriate to include that discussion in this article. - Tim1965 (talk) 19:35, 23 February 2011 (UTC)

Possible Errors

 * Is there any particular reason why the word standing is in all caps in the Cigarmakers' International Union career section?
 * -5donuts (talk) 01:30, 18 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Is there any particular reason why the AFL is referred to as the AF of L in the leading the AFL section?
 * -5donuts (talk) 01:33, 18 February 2014 (UTC)
 * One of the "references" is a note concerning the name of Samuel Gompers, perhaps a footnote or equivalent is more appropriate than a "reference" in this instance
 * -5donuts (talk) 01:51, 18 February 2014 (UTC)

Tone issues
This page has various issues with tone and encyclopedic style, and needs some help. There are a few strange parentheticals with humor in them, and unclear writing. "He mostly supported Democrats, but sometimes Republicans", and "Many people were devastated by his death. Others were overjoyed that such a man was dead. It brought big political discussion if he should be honored or not. Surprise! He was honored" pop out to me as examples of this. bepvte (talk) 00:45, 24 October 2021 (UTC)

Racism and sexism
There's almost no mention of his incredible racism. He believed that Black people were incapable of intelligence, and worked to keep them out of unions or to separate them. He hated Chinese people; didn'tevenwant them in the US, let alone unions. He wanted no women in unions. Why is there no section addressing this issue? This article makes him sound almost like a hero. He was not. Lisachocoholic (talk) 01:09, 9 January 2022 (UTC)
 * There is a lot wrong with the article. Recently, some people have been removing the negative parts of his history from the page. I've been reverting their changes, but the article needs a lot of rewriting from someone who is more knowledgeable about this subject. bepvte (talk) 01:12, 9 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Samuel Gompers


text:
Armstrong baronets

There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Armstrong, both in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. One creation is extant as of 2010.

The Armstrong Baronetcy, of Gallen Priory in the King's County, was created on 18 September 1841 for Andrew Armstrong, Receiver-General of Stamps in Ireland and Member of Parliament for King's County. The third Baronet was High Sheriff of King's County in 1914. The Armstrong family was originally from the Scottish Borders. Andrew Armstrong, ancestor and namesake of the first Baronet, settled in County Fermanagh in the early 17th century.

The Armstrong Baronetcy, of Ashburn Place in the County of London, was created on 19 October 1892 for George Armstrong, owner of The Globe newspaper. The title became extinct on the death of the third Baronet in 1944.

Armstrong baronets, of Gallen Priory (1841)

 * Sir Andrew Armstrong, 1st Baronet (1786–1863)
 * Sir Edmund Frederick Armstrong, 2nd Baronet (1836–1899)
 * Sir Andrew Harvey Armstrong, 3rd Baronet (1866–1922)
 * Sir Nesbitt William Armstrong, 4th Baronet (1875–1953)
 * Sir Andrew St Clare Armstrong, 5th Baronet (1912–1987)
 * Sir Andrew Clarence Francis Armstrong, CMG, 6th Baronet (1907–1997)
 * Sir Christopher John Edmund Stuart Armstrong, 7th Baronet (born 1940)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son Charles Andrew Armstrong (born 1973).

Armstrong baronets, of Ashburn Place (1892)

 * Sir George Carlyon Hughes Armstrong, 1st Baronet (1836–1907)
 * Sir George Elliot Armstrong, 2nd Baronet (1866–1940), one of the 8 founding members of The Castaways' Club in 1895
 * Sir Francis Philip Armstrong, 3rd Baronet (1871–1944)

title: Armstrong baronets


text:
Redhook myleus

The redhook myleus, Myloplus rubripinnis, is a medium to large omnivorous fish of the family Serrasalmidae from South America, where found in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, as well as rivers of the Guiana Shield. It is peaceful and schools often, and can grow to a length of 39 cm. They are also called the redhook silver dollar and are one of the fish referred to as "silver dollars". These fish are capable of delivering serious bites to humans.

title: Redhook myleus


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Silly Revolution

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 16:55, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Silly Revolution

 * Delete. Non-notable nonsense. Appears to be related to deleted article Pharsh. android  79  13:14, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Never before have I seen so much nonsense thrown up in just one article here. We should get rid of this idiocy as soon as possible --SoothingR 13:17, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, but not speedy. This is a non-notable phenomenon probably dreamed up by some kid in junior high with way too much free time. But similarly "silly" memes _have_ achieved notable status. This one hasn't, but that's only made clear after a Google search. --Ashenai 13:20, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: The article itself calls this so-called "silly revolution" - and I quote - the most pointless example of social activism since the pro-Star Trek demonstrations. End of quote. Why even add an entry in an encyclopedia if it's entirely pointless? --SoothingR 13:25, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * AYBABTU is entirely pointless, and yet we have a sizeable article on it. We want to include stuff that's notable, not necesarily stuff that has a point. The subject of this article is neither, of course, but that's a different issue. :) --Ashenai 13:30, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Silly, but true: Article re Pharsh Militia and the "Silly Revolution" in The Jerusalem Post, Israel's largest English-language daily newspaper. --DardaDos 13:26, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * A single mention in a human interest piece in a newspaper does not make something notable. Besides that, the Wikipedia article is still absolute nonsense. android  79  13:31, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * comment: First of all, Nonsense it is not, beacause it states true facts (as silly as they may be), and secondly, while I agree that the article linked cannot be considered an epitome of journalistic endeavours, the many other, more in-depth articles (including Television, Radio, Printed and Electronnic Media) that could be presented are all in Hebrew, and as such will probably not be accorded the significance due to them.DardaDos 13:46, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Interesting! This only highlights the shortcomings of the article, though; it says nothing at all about Jerusalem, Pharsh, and gives no names at all. If the article is cleaned up, actual encyclopedic facts are included, and notabilitiy is asserted, I could easily see changing my vote. Please note, though, that while Wikipedia articles can be about very silly topics, they should never themselves be silly. --Ashenai 13:35, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Noted. Will consider changes in style. DardaDos 13:49, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; regardless of merit/lack of merit of article itself, the underlying phenomenon is insufficiently notable. --MCB 17:42, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Finch Hatton

Finch Hatton may refer to:

 * the family of Earl of Winchilsea and Nottingham
 * Harold Heneage Finch-Hatton, English politician and Australian federalist
 * Finch Hatton, Queensland, a town in Australia

title: Finch Hatton


text:
Template:Time/old

80% Documentation

title: Template:Time/old


text: User:Jonik/User es-2

title: User:Jonik/User es-2


text:
Talk:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas

Article needs more references and cleanup
Added tag 96.41.164.58 (talk) 00:44, 4 May 2010 (UTC)

Requested merge 17 September 2017
Country food → Native American cuisine – suggested the merger of Native American cuisine and Country food (See ).
 * Support since the content in Country food will easily fit under the subscetion "Native American cuisine of North America" of this article. --Maumivi (talk) 11:20, 18 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Actually, I suggested that Country food be merged into this article, so it should be Country food → Native American cuisine.--Kintetsubuffalo (talk) 17:04, 18 September 2018 (UTC)
 * My bad! I edited the order and thanks for letting me know. It would be great if you make a discussion page in the talk page of the article when you suggest a merger next time. --Maumivi (talk) 05:53, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

Vomit-inducing drink?
I remember once as a kid I went to a museum in Florida where they described the various ritual teas people drank that forced them to vomit and perhaps induced visions (memory isn't clear on that part). This describes the black drink well, and is likely the same thign. I never really saw a drink that you couldn't keep down as food. It was meant to be consumed, but not for the sake of being food. If it doesn't stay in the stomach because of its toxicity, and the intention is to expel it from the body by the mouth, can it really be called food? I'm not so sure it should be in here. It's a drug taken religiously/spiritually, not food.Wacape (talk) 23:54, 30 July 2023 (UTC)

Content/context removal?
Hey,, I see a series of edits here and at Louis Trevino and Vincent Medina, it looks like you're arguing these guys aren't native American and they shouldn't be calling their food indigenous because the tribe isn't federally recognized? Valereee (talk) 12:02, 12 August 2023 (UTC)

 * @User:Valereee Hi, thanks for asking for clarification. There are hundreds of groups, often non-profit organizations, that claim to be Native American tribes or that call themselves Native American heritage groups. There is no Ohlone tribe recognized by the federal government or even by the California government. There are no state-recognized tribes in California. These are individuals who belong to non-profits or other groups. They can't be called "Native American" or "Ohlone" without clarification. Bohemian Baltimore (talk) 12:16, 12 August 2023 (UTC)
 * @Bohemian Baltimore, is that how the RS are referring to them -- 'self-identifies as Ohlone' or whatever? (Sorry for being lazy, just figured you probably actually know the answer.) Valereee (talk) 12:23, 12 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Got less lazy. :D NYT is just calling them Ohlone? Valereee (talk) 12:27, 12 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Among those leading the way are Medina, of the Chochenyo Ohlones from the East Bay, and the cafe’s co-founder, Louis Trevino, 31, of the Rumsen Ohlones, a group from Monterey County. Valereee (talk) 12:28, 12 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Also says In 1925, the influential anthropologist Alfred Louis Kroeber, who led the museum for 38 years, declared the Ohlone people “extinct,” which two years later resulted in a loss of federal tribal recognition and rights to the land base. So they were at one time recognized...I'm a little uncomfortable with this. Valereee (talk) 12:40, 12 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I have reverted User:Bohemian Baltimore's edits to Vincent Medina and thoroughly explained my reasoning here. I now see that they have been making similar edits here and elsewhere. I believe many of them should be reverted as well, for similar reasons. Blackberryrose (talk) 07:44, 13 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I think if RS are calling them Ohlone/Native American, and they're calling themselves that, for us to say they "self-identify" as that because the tribes aren't federally recognized is getting pretty close to original research. Valereee (talk) 11:11, 13 August 2023 (UTC)

Source for Native Americans using Maple Syrup
I've previously read that Native Americans were introduced to maple syrup via colonists. Where's the source that it was in widespread use among the tribes? 2601:7C0:CD00:1DD0:929F:D189:5A08:6B25 (talk) 04:34, 12 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas


text: User talk:59.93.64.121

title: User talk:59.93.64.121


text:
Séamus Ó Néill

Séamus Ó Néill, (1910-1981), was an Irish writer from Clarkhill(Clárchoill) Castlewellan, County Down, Ireland. Following a primary degree from Queen's University, Belfast, he did historical research under Eoin MacNeill at University College, Dublin. He spent periods as editor of the journals An Iris and Comhar.

The endpiece from Dánta do pháistí (Poems for Children), entitled "Subh Milis" ("Sweet Jam"), a poem dedicated to his mother (subtitle: "Ceann do Mhama"), is his best-known work, and one of the Irish language texts most frequently referenced in English language media  :

Two of his novels, Tonn Tuile and Máire Nic Artáin, dealt with marital breakdown - the first set during The Emergency and the latter in the religiously divided communities of Belfast during the First World War.

Works

 * An Sean-Saighdiúir agus scéalta eile (The veteran and other stories), 1945.
 * An iris/eagarth (An Iris edited), 1945–1946.
 * Colm Cille : drama i gceithre radharcanna (Columcill: a drama in four scenes), 1946.
 * Tonn tuile (Tidal Wave), Novel, Sáirséal agus Dill, 1947.
 * Dánta Poems, pre-1949;
 * Iomramh an Ousel (The Voyage of the Ousel), Poems, pre-1949;
 * Buaidh an Ultaigh (The Ulsterman will Win), Drama, pre-1949;
 * Díolta Faoina Luach (Below-cost Sales), Drama, pre-1949;
 * Ní Chuireann siad Síol (They Sow no Seed), Drama, pre-1949;
 * Dánta do pháistí (Poems for Children), 1949.
 * Súil timpeall (Eye Around), Essay, 1951.
 * Up the Rebels, Oifig an tSoláthair, 1954. Trans. Doiminic Ó Ceallaigh.
 * Ag baint fraochán : agus scéalta eile (Picking Blaeberries and other stories), 1955.
 * Máire Nic Artáin (Maire McCartan), Novel, Cló Morainn, 1959.
 * Iníon Rí Dhún Sobhairce : tragóid trí ghníomh (The King of Dunseverick's Daughter: a tragedy in three acts), 1967.
 * Faill ar an bhFeart : dráma trí ghníomh (Opportunity of a Miracle: a drama in three acts), 1967.
 * An tSiúr Pól : dráma trí ghníomh (Sister Paul: a drama in three acts), c.1973.
 * Rún an Oileáin (The Secret of the Island), pub. c.1975. Staged in the Damer Theatre, Dublin 5–10 June 1961.
 * Iníon rí na Spáinne (The King of Spain's Daughter), 1978.

Critical and bibliographic material

 * The Oxford Companion to Irish Literature, Welch, R. (ed.), The Clarendon Press, Oxford University, 1996.
 * A Biographical Dictionary of Irish Writers, Anne Brady & Brian Cleeve (eds.), The Lilliput Press, 1985.
 * Dictionary of Ulster Biography, in Newmann, K. (comp.), The Queen's University of Belfast, 1993.
 * Séamus Ó Néill bibliography from James Hardiman Library, UCG

title: Séamus Ó Néill


text:
I Hear You Knocking

"I Hear You Knocking" (or "I Hear You Knockin'") is a rhythm and blues song written by American musician Dave Bartholomew. New Orleans rhythm and blues singer Smiley Lewis first recorded the song in 1955. The lyrics tell of the return of a former lover who is rebuffed.

"I Hear You Knocking" reached number two on the Billboard R&B singles chart in 1955, making it Lewis's most popular and best-known song. Subsequently, numerous artists have recorded it, including Welsh singer and guitarist Dave Edmunds, whose version reached number one in the UK Singles Chart for six weeks in 1970 and was in the top 10 in several other countries.

Background
Several earlier blues and R&B songs use lyrics similar to "I Hear You Knocking". James "Boodle It" Wiggins recorded an upbeat piano blues in 1928 titled "Keep A Knockin' An You Can't Get In" which repeated the title in the lyrics. It was followed by songs that used similar phrases, including "You Can't Come In", by Bert M. Mays (1928); "Keep On Knocking", by Lil Johnson (1935); "Keep a Knocking", by Milton Brown & His Brownies (1936); and "Keep Knocking (But You Can't Come In)", by Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys (1938). None of these early singles listed a songwriter or composer.

However, when popular jump blues bandleader Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five recorded the song as "Keep A-Knockin'" in 1939, the single's credits listed "Mays-Bradford" (Bert Mays and Perry Bradford). In 1957, Little Richard recorded it with the songwriter listed as "R. Penniman", Richard's legal name, although Bert Mays and J. Mayo Williams were later credited as songwriters.

Beginning with his signing by the Los Angeles–based Imperial Records in 1950, Smiley Lewis was one of the main proponents of the emerging New Orleans rhythm and blues style, along with Fats Domino, Lloyd Price, Dave Bartholomew, and Professor Longhair.

Original song
Smiley Lewis recorded "I Hear You Knocking" with Dave Bartholomew's band at J&M Studios in New Orleans, owned by Cosimo Matassa. Bartholomew is listed as the producer and songwriter, along with Pearl King (a Bartholomew pseudonym; the maiden name of his wife). He claims that he wrote it "in the backseat of a car coming out of San Francisco". "I Hear You Knocking" uses a modified twelve-bar blues arrangement, in which the progression to the IV chord is repeated:

"I Hear You Knocking" was released as a single by Imperial Records in 1955. It entered Billboard's R&B charts on September 3, where it spent eighteen weeks and reached number two.

First cover versions
Also in 1955, actress and pop singer Gale Storm recorded "I Hear You Knockin'" for Dot Records. Her cover version reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart, number three on the Cash Box Best-Selling Record chart and became a gold record. Bartholomew believed her version "killed his [Lewis's] record"; blues researcher Bill Dahl added, "Storm swiped his [Lewis's] thunder for any crossover possibilities with her ludicrous whitewashed cover of the plaintive ballad." The experience reportedly led Bartholomew to refer to Lewis as a "'bad luck singer', because he never sold more than 100,000 copies of his Imperial singles". English singer Jill Day also recorded the song in 1956, as did Connie Francis in 1959. In 1961, Bartholomew produced Fats Domino's remake of the song.

Dave Edmunds version
Welsh singer and guitarist Dave Edmunds recorded "I Hear You Knocking" in 1970 after originally planning to record "Let's Work Together" by Wilbert Harrison, but finding it had been recorded by Canned Heat. He recalled: "Then an album of Smiley Lewis was released on United Artists in Britain, and they played 'I Hear You Knocking' on the radio in Britain while I was driving along. I thought, 'hang on', the two songs have identical format. You could use the same backing track for both songs. It's just a simple 12-bar thing. So I thought, I'll do that."

Recording
Edmunds recorded the song at Rockfield Studios, near Monmouth in Monmouthshire. Whereas Lewis's original recording is a piano-driven R&B piece with a 12/8 shuffle feel, Edmunds' version features prominent guitar lines and a stripped-down, straight-quaver rock-and-roll approach. He plays all the instruments (except possibly bass guitar) and AllMusic writer Stephen Thomas Erlewine suggests that the song "has a mechanical rhythm and a weird, out-of-phase vocal that qualifies as an original interpretation". Edmunds uses fills and a solo played on slide guitar, and during the instrumental break he shouts out the names of several recording artists: "Fats Domino, Smiley Lewis, Chuck Berry, Huey Smith"

Release and charts
The recording was the first single to be released on MAM Records. In November 1970, "I Hear You Knocking" reached number one in the UK, where it remained for six weeks, and became a Christmas number one. In his famous Lennon Remembers interview for Rolling Stone, John Lennon commented, "Well, I always liked simple rock. There's a great one in England now, 'I Hear You Knocking'." Lennon mentioned the song in the final interview he gave on December 8, 1980, calling it "One of the great records of all time." It eventually sold over three million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. The single also placed in the top 10 in several other countries, including number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 in 1971. In 1972, the song was included on Edmunds' first solo album Rockpile.

Edmunds performed the song, with the Jools Holland's Rhythm and Blues Orchestra, on the 2008 Jools' Annual Hootenanny.

title: I Hear You Knocking


text:
Eriodes

Eriodes is a monotypic genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae) from Asia. Its sole known species is Eriodes barbata.

It is native to Southeast Asia, in Yunnan, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.

title: Eriodes


text: Template:Yamagata Shinkansen

title: Template:Yamagata Shinkansen


text:
Cambridge Judge Business School

Cambridge Judge Business School is the business school of the University of Cambridge. The School is a provider of management education. It is named after Sir Paul Judge, a founding benefactor of the school. The School is a department of the university's School of Technology administrative group.

The School is embedded in the high tech cluster called the Silicon Fen, with its own accelerator and close ties with Cambridge Enterprise, the university's technology transfer office.

The School is situated on the site of the Old Addenbrooke's Site on Trumpington Street, near the Fitzwilliam Museum. The building was converted by John Outram, and in 2018, a new adjacent building was opened to host classes and executive education activity: the Simon Sainsbury Centre.

Founding and early years
The School was established in 1990 as the Judge Institute for Management Studies. In 1991, donations from Sir Paul and Lady Judge, together with the Monument Trust, provided the funds for the construction of a building for the newly formed business school. Architect John Outram was appointed to the project, which was completed in August 1995 and officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II.

Prior to the founding of the business school, management studies had been taught at the university since 1954.

Name changes
In September 2005, the Judge Institute of Management Studies was renamed as the Judge Business School. It then adopted the title Cambridge Judge Business School during 2010, and revised its logo to read "University of Cambridge Judge Business School" rather than "Cambridge Judge Business School" in November 2010.

Benefactor Sir Paul Judge died in 2017.

Architecture
John Outram converted the listed ward blocks and arcades of the old hospital building, and rebuilt the central block into a space that now contains a library, common room, seminar and teaching rooms, floating staircases and balconies, break-out boxes and the main hall. He also added three new buildings:
 * The Ark, containing rooms for faculty, research graduates, and administrative staff.
 * The Castle, containing two key lecture theatres and MBA teaching spaces and room.
 * The Gallery, an 80 feet (24.5m) high space containing seminar rooms, multi-level circulation routes, and part of the hall.

PhD and Research Masters
CJBS provides Ph.D. and advanced master's degrees, such as an MPhil in Innovation Strategy and Organisation and an MPhil Strategy, Marketing and Operations. These courses have the highest entry requirements within the Judge Business School with the lowest acceptance rates of less than 10%. All students on the research programs have received either first class honours or a 4.0 GPA for their undergraduate studies.

Business Doctorate
The Business Doctorate (BusD) is a four-year full-time research-based doctorate for senior business leaders with at least 20 years of professional experience. To date, only five persons have enrolled or graduated from the program, including Lord Karan Bilimoria. The degree costs £230,000 in tuition in its entirety, making it one of the most expensive degree programs in the world.

MBA
The full-time Cambridge MBA is the flagship MBA program of the university. , there are 210 students attending the 12-month program, of which 96% come from outside of the UK, and 47% of students are women. Admissions standards are high, with an average Graduate Management Admission Test score of 680. The average age of students on the full-time MBA is 29 and generally students come with extensive work experience. MBA students from Cambridge Judge Business School and Oxford's Saïd Business School maintain a friendly rivalry and have numerous opportunities throughout the year to meet for athletic events and business conferences.

Master of Accounting
The Cambridge Master of Accounting is a part-time, two-year degree program in accounting and related fields. The curriculum is designed to help students learn to make complex decisions in the face of ambiguity relying on knowledge of accounting standards, judgment, and discretion; formulate questions, gather data, apply statistical techniques, and persuasively communicate inferences; and to anticipate and incorporate innovation.

The program is oriented towards leadership and change management, not technical professional certification. Core courses include data and descriptive analytics, policy discussion regarding audit practice, financial reporting, and sustainability reporting, and courses in change management and interpersonal dynamics. The Cambridge MAcc is designed to accelerate students for leadership roles within current employment or help students transition to roles such as accounting firm partnership, CFO, Controller, financial leadership, market regulator, climate-related or social-related disclosure, and finance or accounting public policy.

Master of Studies in Entrepreneurship
The MSt in Entrepreneurship is an academic program focused on developing impactful entrepreneurs.

Executive MBA
The School also offers the "Cambridge Executive MBA" for those who have already reached a senior level in their organisations or professions, and are seeking to study part-time while maintaining their current role. As of 2017, the average age of students is 38, with around 14 years of working experience, who from a wide range of professional backgrounds.

Currently, Khaled Soufani serves as the Director of the Cambridge Executive MBA programme. Kamiar Mohaddes serves as the programme's Deputy Director.

Master of Finance
The Master of Finance is a one-year specialist finance course designed for people with at least two years' experience in the finance and banking world who wish to accelerate their career in finance. The course is designed to give students a rigorous grounding in the theory and practice of finance. It combines a set of core courses that provide the theoretical and statistical foundations for a range of electives that cover the main areas of applied finance. There are three compulsory projects and one optional one, which help students to integrate theory and practice.

MPhil Management
The Master in Management is a one-year full-time, pre-experience postgraduate program designed for students who have not previously studied business or management and who wish to pursue a professional career in business. This program aims to admit and educate outstanding students, both academically and in terms of personality and maturity, who are likely to become leaders in their chosen fields. The core of the MPhil in Management covers quantitative methods, accounting, organisational behavior and analysis and marketing (foundation); business economics, finance and strategy (consolidation), operations management and the Management Consulting Project (implementation). This is complemented by a range of electives aligned to potential careers in management.

MPhil Finance
The MPhil Finance is a one-year postgraduate course in finance designed for people with no prior work experience. The program combines advanced study and research and is especially suitable for students intending to continue to a Ph.D. although the majority of graduates decides to work in the financial industry. Based on the number of applications, the MPhil Finance program is the most competitive degree offered by the whole of the University of Cambridge; applicants need the equivalent to a first class degree to even be considered. Students on the MPhil Finance program can choose from a variety of modules offered by the business school, the Faculty of Economics and the Math Faculty.

MPhil Technology Policy
The MPhil in Technology Policy is an intensive, nine-month masters programme designed for people with a background in science or engineering who are interested in developing the skills needed to meet the challenges of: integrating technology, management, economics and policy.

MSt Social Innovation
The Master of Studies in Social Innovation is a part-time postgraduate program for practitioners in the business, public and social sectors.

Executive Education open and custom programs
The Executive Education portfolio consists of over 20 open enrollment programs, typically two-day to three-week programs covering fundamental business management topics such as: finance, marketing, general management and strategy. These programs are taught by Cambridge Judge Business School faculty and academic staff from the wider University of Cambridge community.

Cambridge Judge Business School also offers custom programs which are tailored to the specific learning and development requirements of an organisation. Programs are delivered internationally in areas such as leadership, strategy and finance.

Other

 * Professional Practice Masters and Diplomas
 * Programs for members of the University of Cambridge
 * The Digital Business Academy
 * DisruptEd Venture Creation Weekend: An annual intensive mentoring weekend to encourage and support new edtech start-ups.
 * The Judge Business School collaborates with the Cambridge Centre for Development Studies for the MPhil in Development Studies.

Research centers

 * Alternative Finance
 * Business Research
 * Chinese Management
 * Circular Economy
 * Endowment Asset Management
 * Experimental & Behavioral Economics
 * Finance
 * Financial Reporting & Accountability
 * Health Leadership & Enterprise
 * India & Global Business
 * International Human Resource Management
 * Process Excellence & Innovation
 * Psycho metrics
 * Risk Studies
 * Social Innovation
 * Wo+Men's Leadership Center

Research Excellence Framework
In the most recent Research Excellence Framework conducted in 2021, the Judge Business School was ranked the number one research department in the UK for business and management studies.

Directors of the School (Deans)

 * Prof Stephen Watson, 1990 to 1994
 * Dame Sandra Dawson, 1995 to 2006
 * Prof Arnoud De Meyer, 2006 to August 2010
 * Prof Geoff Meeks, acting director, September 2010 to August 2011
 * Prof Christoph Loch, 2011 to 2021
 * Prof Mauro Guillen September 2021 to June 2023
 * Prof Gishan Dissanaike Interim Dean, July 2023 onward

Notable alumni

 * Diezani Alison-Madueke, politician and former President of OPEC
 * Ben Barry, author and entrepreneur
 * Semaan Bassil, Chairman & General Manager of Byblos Bank S.A.L.
 * Alison Brittain, CEO of Whitbread, Former head of Lloyds Banking Group
 * Badr Jafar, CEO of Crescent Enterprises
 * Sacha McMeeking, New Zealand academic, lawyer and activist
 * Maggie O'Carroll, co-founder of The Women's Organisation
 * Ollie Phillips (rugby union), former Captain of England Sevens and '7s World Rugby Player of the Year'
 * Tom Ransley, British rower and Olympic gold medalist
 * Eben Upton, co-founder of the Raspberry Pi Foundation
 * Zhang Zetian, chief fashion adviser at JD.com

Notable faculty

 * Dame Sandra Dawson (academic), KPMG Professor of Management Studies from 1995 to 2013, and Director of the School from 1995 to 2006, Fellow and former Master of Sidney Sussex
 * Prof Mark de Rond, Professor of Organisational Ethnography, Fellow of Darwin College
 * Prof Gishan Dissanaike, Adam Smith Professor of Corporate Governance, Fellow of Hughes Hall
 * Prof Christoph Loch, Professor of Management Studies and Former Director of the School (2011 to 2021), Fellow of Pembroke College
 * Prof Christopher Marquis, Sinyi Professor of Chinese Management, Fellow of Jesus College
 * Prof Sucheta Nadkarni, until October 2019, Sinyi Professor of Chinese Management, Fellow of Newnham College
 * Prof Jaideep Prabhu, Nehru Professor of Indian Enterprise, Fellow of Clare College
 * Prof Raghavendra Rau, Rothschild Professor of Finance
 * Prof Thomas Roulet, Professor of Organisational Sociology and Leadership, Fellow of King's College

title: Cambridge Judge Business School


text:
Talk:Bombay Tournament (cricket)

Ceylon
Rest in 1944, for instance. Mahadevan 'Satha' Sathasivam was a Sri Lankan Hindu; Sargo Jayawickrame was also Ceylonese, probably Budhist. Tintin 13:21, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Suggested additions
1. About the English Test players who took part in this tournament. Arthur Hill hit what is the first fc 100 on Indian soil. Wilfred Rhodes did incredibly well in the early 1920s. George Herbert Hirst, Duleep and Harold Larwood are others that I can think of. Tintin 13:31, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Race?
Hindu iS not a race, neither iS MuSlim or ParSi, European iSnt either, though white iS, Stop uSing termS like inter racial when none of them iS a race

 * What's with the capital S? Anyway, your basic point is correct. I've changed some references to reflect this, though left others where it seemed that race was the main issue. The article on communalism (South Asia), which I've linked to in the article, could do with some expansion, but I'm not qualified to do so accurately. --OpenToppedBus - Talk to the driver 15:04, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Good call, thanks for making that change. -dmmaus 23:16, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bombay Tournament (cricket)


text:
Kremena Stancheva

Kremena Stancheva (Кремена Станчева; 1941–2013 ) was a Bulgarian folk singer.

title: Kremena Stancheva


text:
Little Green

Little Green may refer to:

 * Little Green (song), by Joni Mitchell
 * Little Green (book), a book by Walter Mosley
 * The athletic teams of Manchester Central High School, New Hampshire, United States, or the name of its student newspaper
 * Several places in England and Wales:
 * Little Green, Richmond, London, an open space
 * Little Green, Cambridgeshire
 * Little Green, Greater Manchester, near Middleton
 * Little Green, Nottinghamshire, a village green and hamlet
 * Little Green, Somerset
 * Little Green, Burgate, Suffolk, a hamlet
 * Little Green, Gislingham, Suffolk, a hamlet
 * Little Green, Wrexham
 * Little Green, Surrey

title: Little Green


text:
Peter Jankowitsch

Peter Jankowitsch (born July 10, 1933) is a former Austrian diplomat and politician.

Biography
He was born in Vienna, Austria. A law graduate, he is a member of the Austrian Social Democratic Party (SPÖ). From 1983 to 1986, 1987 to 1990 and 1992 to 1993 he was a member of the Nationalrat, from 1986 to 1987 Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs. From 1990 to 1992 he joined the government again as a secretary of state in the Federal Chancellery. From 1993 to 1998 he was Austria's ambassador at the OECD in Paris. He is a former member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group.

title: Peter Jankowitsch


text:
Ganbare, Kickers!

Ganbare, Kickers! (がんばれ!キッカーズ) is a romantic soccer kid anime drawn by Noriaki Nagai. It was published by Shogakukan in CoroCoro Comic magazine from 1985 to 1989. The story is usually classified as Comedy, Drama, Shōnen and Sports.

The manga was turned into an anime series by Studio Pierrot during 1986–1987. It ran 26 episodes and one 40 minute special, but only 23 episodes were aired in Japan. In 1988 the anime arrived to EMEA in its dubbed version and had some success in the Middle East (الهداف Al Haddaf), Iran (فوتبالیست‌ها), South Korea (내일은 축구왕), Italy (Palla al centro per Rudy), Spain (Supergol), France (But Pour Rudy), Poland (Piłkarze) and especially in Germany and Austria (Kickers). In Malaysia, the anime was aired on TV1 RTM in 1990s, Awesome TV in 2020. In Indonesia, the anime was aired on Indosiar in 1995-1997, TPI in 2003, Bali TV in 2005.

Story
The story is about an enthusiastic kid soccer team at the Kitahara elementary school, who struggle without a competent striker, when little Kakeru Daichi's (大地翔 Daichi Kakeru) family moves into the town. He immediately applies to join the team, keen to use his skills gained in the kid team of famous soccer club "The Falcons". With Kakeru the team becomes complete in every sense and he motivates the team to challenge the "Red Devils", a strong secondary school team whose goalkeeper Uesugi is considered undefeatable. They lose 10 to 1, but Kakeru's scoring a single goal is still a small miracle. Under the strong leadership of their own goalkeeper Masaru Hongo, Kickers then enter the kid championship and fight their way up through hard won victories. Meanwhile, Hongo falls in love with Ayumi Daichi (大地歩 Daichi Ayumi), Kakeru's cute, sporty sister. In turn the striker enamours Akuna Yukie, a fragile, angelic pianist girl, who happens to be Uesugi's much younger sister. These affairs lead to some embarrassingly funny situations as well as numerous complications with the team's devoted and jealous cheerleader trio.

For a short while, Kickers gain a professional trainer whose instructions help them win their way to the semi-finals, just to meet the Red Devils once again. After a dramatic match, that spans two 20 minute episodes, Uesugi fends off Kakeru's final freescore and so the Kickers are out! The devastated team is soon divided by the arrival of Harry, a famous junior talent, who has been fired from three big name teams already for subversive behaviour. He infiltrates and splits Kickers, but his rudeness and Hongo's strong leadership re-unite the team. Harry then seduces Ayumi and assembles a faux team out of the school's scum so he can defeat the Kickers almost alone. Although the naive Kakeru is no match for the older and much stronger Harry, the Kickers's teamwork spirit and Uesugi's support secures a victory in this dirty match and Harry is devastated. The anime series ends with a redeemed Harry reconciling with the Kickers, before leaving the town to play overseas.

Crew

 * Original story: Noriaki Nagai
 * Series Director: Akira Shigino
 * Series Composition: Sukehiro Tomita
 * Script: Hiroshi Kaneko, Isao Shizutani, Mitsuo Aimono, Sukehiro Tomita
 * Episode Director: Akira Shigino, Harumi Tamano, Kazu Yokota, Minoru Shinbayashi, Roku Iwata, Shigeru Morikawa
 * Storyboard: Akira Shigino, Harumi Tamano, Kazu Yokota, Makoto Moriwaki, Minoru Shinbayashi, Roku Iwata, Shigeru Morikawa, Takayuki Kaneko
 * Art Director: Satoshi Miura
 * Art design: Masahiro Sato
 * Character Design: Takeshi Ozaka
 * Animation Director: Takeshi Ozaka, Katsuichi Nakayama, Masami Shimoda, Mitsuo Shindo, Takafumi Hayashi
 * Composer: Jun Irie
 * Director of Photography: Hitoshi Kaneko
 * Editing: Masanori Sakamoto
 * Sound Director: Naoko Asari
 * Sound Effects: Kazutoshi Sato
 * Production manager: Reiko Fukakusa
 * Producer: Haruhiko Akamine (NTV), Kunitaka Okada (I&S), Takaichi Matsumoto (Pierrot)
 * Executive producer: Yuji Nunokawa

Voice actors

 * Tomiko Suzuki - Kakeru Daichi
 * Yuko Kobayashi - Akuna Yukie
 * Ikue Ohtani - Kiyoshi Hara
 * Kazue Ikura - Masaru Hongō
 * Tarako - Taichi
 * Michie Tomizawa - Tetsuya
 * Urara Takano - Mamoru
 * Eiko Hisamura - Hikaru Uesugi
 * Chieko Honda - Ayumi Daichi

title: Ganbare, Kickers!


text:
BASIC extension

BASIC toolkits (aka BASIC extensions) were a common type of program for 1980s 8-bit home computers. Generally third-party extensions, they added additional features to a computer's built-in BASIC interpreter.

Technical concept
Toolkits ran as extensions to the BASIC interpreter supplied with the machine. At the time, such interpreters almost always came programmed into the ROM of the computer, making it impossible to modify or patch the code. It was also extremely rare for manufacturers to offer upgrades or bugfixes except as part of new models of machine.

As the original language was held in immutable ROM, it generally was difficult for a toolkit to directly extend the language, except by adding new keywords to perform functions not implemented by the original interpreter.

Functionality
Typical toolkit functionality included editing extensions, such as commands to renumber a program, perform block line deletions and so on, facilities to make structured programming possible, and additional keywords to perform new functions. In the case of the latter, these new functions often allowed the programmer to easily access the computer's graphics, sound and other hardware which was often partially or completely unsupported in the early BASICs. This would have otherwise been achieved by arcane usage of PEEK and POKE commands and machine language routines.

Examples

 * Beta BASIC (ZX Spectrum) – Extension to Sinclair BASIC; started out as a simple toolkit but grew into a full interpreter
 * Lightning BASIC (Amstrad PCW) – Extension to Mallard BASIC with many new facilities (see the Mallard BASIC article for details)
 * Simons' BASIC (Commodore 64) – Extension to BASIC 2.0 with 114 extra commands; programmed by a 16-year-old boy and marketed by CBM
 * Super Expander (VIC-20) – A combined RAM-expansion (3 kibibytes) and BASIC extension cartridge

title: BASIC extension


text: Template:Akita Shinkansen

title: Template:Akita Shinkansen


text:
Leopold Gratz

Leopold Gratz CGIH (4 November 1929, Vienna – 2 March 2006, Vienna) was an Austrian politician.

Born in Vienna, Gratz was a law graduate from Vienna University and a member of the Austrian Social Democratic Party (SPÖ). From 1963 to 1966 he was a member of the Bundesrat, from 1970 to 1971 Federal Minister of Education and the Arts. From 1966 to 1973 he served as a member of The National Council of Austria and from 1986 to 1989 as the President of The National Council of Austria, and from 1971 to 1973 as the leader of the Socialist group in the Parliament of Austria.

From 1973 to 1984 he was Mayor of Vienna and head of Vienna's municipal government. In 1976, he became chairman of the Vienna chapter of the Austrian Social Democratic Party. From 1984 to 1986 he was the Minister of Foreign Affairs. From 1986 to 1989 he was the President of the National Council. His term of office as Mayor of Vienna was overshadowed by the "Bauring" affair and the scandal around the construction of the Vienna General Hospital. He decided to resign from the government in 1989 following another scandal, the Udo Proksch affair. Burdening his authority as the second highest politician of the Republic of Austria, Gratz well-meaningly had tried to protect his close friend Udo Proksch, who later was convicted of the murder of six seamen and received a life sentence, from criminal prosecution. After Gratz decided to abandon politics, he remained a member of the party executive committee of the SPÖ Vienna as well as president of the International Conference on Kampuchea (ICK) by request of the United Nations Organization (UNO).

In 1979, Leopold Gratz was named a Knight of the Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Silvester by Pope John Paul II. In 1995, Leopold Gratz was officially made an Honorary Citizen of Vienna, the capital of the Republic of Austria. In 2010, a square behind the Austrian parliament in downtown Vienna was named after Leopold Gratz (Leopold-Gratz-Square).

title: Leopold Gratz


text:
Trente Glorieuses

Les Trente Glorieuses ('The Glorious Thirty') was a thirty-year period of economic growth in France between 1945 and 1975, following the end of the Second World War. The name was first used by the French demographer Jean Fourastié, who coined the term in 1979 with the publication of his book Les Trente Glorieuses, ou la révolution invisible de 1946 à 1975 ('The Glorious Thirty, or the Invisible Revolution from 1946 to 1975'). The term is derived from Les Trois Glorieuses ('The Glorious Three'), the three days of revolution on 27–29 July 1830 in France.

As early as 1944, Charles de Gaulle introduced a dirigiste economic policy, which included substantial state-directed control over a capitalist economy. This was followed by thirty years of unprecedented growth, known as the Trente Glorieuses. Over this thirty-year period, France's economy grew rapidly like economies of other developed countries within the framework of the Marshall Plan, such as West Germany, Italy, and Japan.

From 1946 to 1950, France, paralyzed by an obsolete economy and infrastructures, did not achieve real growth, and living conditions remained very difficult after the war and the penury which resulted from it. The cost of living rose. Rationing (present until 1947–1948) and the housing crisis accentuated the problems of a people still scarred by World War II.

These decades of economic prosperity combined high productivity with high average wages and high consumption, and were also characterized by a highly developed system of social benefits. According to various studies, the real purchasing power of the average French worker's salary went up by 170% between 1950 and 1975, while overall private consumption increased by 174% in the period 1950–74.

The French standard of living, which had been damaged by both World Wars, became one of the world's highest. The population also became far more urbanized; many rural départements experienced a population decline while the larger metropolitan areas grew considerably, especially that of Paris. Ownership of various household goods and amenities increased considerably, while the wages of the French working class rose significantly as the economy became more prosperous. As noted by the historians Jean Blondel and Donald Geoffrey Charlton in 1974,

"If it is still the case that France lags in the number of its telephones, working-class housing has improved beyond recognition and the various 'gadgets' of the consumer society—from television to motor cars—are now purchased by the working class on an even more avid basis than in other Western European countries."

In his book Capital in the Twenty-First Century, French economist Thomas Piketty describes the Trente Glorieuses as an exceptional 'catch up' period following the two world wars. He cites statistics showing that normal growth in wealthy countries is about 1.5–2%, whereas in Europe growth dropped to 0.5% between 1913 and 1950, and then 'caught up' with a growth rate of 4% between 1950 and 1970, until settling back to 1.5–2% from 1970 onward.

title: Trente Glorieuses


text:
Talk:Ganbare, Kickers!

Untitled
I had to use the german names for some characters now, but will soon dig up the reference and fill the japanese names everywhere and add a separate cross-reference for localized names.

Fair use rationale for Image:Kickers.jpg
Image:Kickers.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 16:52, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:KickersTeam.jpg
Image:KickersTeam.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 16:52, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Ganbare, Kickers!. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070929094941/http://comics.shogakukan.co.jp/mangasho/rist.html to http://comics.shogakukan.co.jp/mangasho/rist.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.geocities.com/kickers_manga/index.html

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title: Talk:Ganbare, Kickers!


text:
Erwin Lanc

Erwin Lanc (born 17 May 1930) is a former Austrian bank employee and politician (SPÖ, Austrian Social Democratic Party).

Biography
Born in Vienna, Lanc worked at the Ministry of Social Affairs from 1949 to 1955. In 1959, he joined the Vienna-based Zentralsparkasse. In 1966, he became chairman of the SPÖ in the Margareten district of Vienna. He was a member of the Vienna city council and provincial parliament from 1960 to 1966. From 1966 to 1983 he was a member of the Nationalrat. In 1973, he joined the government as the Minister of Transport. In 1977 he became Minister of the Interior, and from 1983 to 1984 he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs.

title: Erwin Lanc