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The Automatic

The Automatic (also known as The Automatic Automatic in the U.S.) were a Welsh rock band. The band's last-known lineup was composed of Robin Hawkins on vocals, bass and synthesisers, James Frost on guitar, synthesisers, backing vocals and occasional bass, Iwan Griffiths on drums and Paul Mullen on vocals, guitar and synthesiser. Mullen joined after the departure of Alex Pennie, who provided synthesiser, percussion and vocals.

Signing to a deal between B-Unique Records and Polydor Records in 2005, the band released their platinum selling debut Not Accepted Anywhere in 2006, which spawned three UK top 40 singles – "Raoul", "Recover" and "Monster". The band released their second album This Is A Fix accompanied by only one single, "Steve McQueen" in 2008, which due to a dispute between the band's labels – B-Unique and Polydor – was plagued with distributional and promotional problems. The dispute led to the band withdrawing from their 5-album deal with the labels and instead formed their own label, Armoured Records, distributed through EMI.

After independently releasing their third album Tear the Signs Down in 2010 and three singles – "Interstate", "Run & Hide" and "Cannot Be Saved", the band began what was meant to be a temporary break while members concentrated on other projects. James Frost began playing guitar in Effort, while Paul Mullen provided vocals and guitar in Young Legionnaire.

Band beginnings (1998–2004)
The members first met at primary school, in the early 1990s, and formed a band at the age of 13. Alex Pennie was asked to join five years later. Originally known as White Rabbit, up until February 2005 when they renamed themselves The Automatic because they believe that music is the antidote to "the automatic life". After recording their two-track demo featuring rough versions of "Monster" and "Rats" in 2005 they signed a five-album record deal with B-Unique Records in their gap year.

Not Accepted Anywhere (2005–2007)
After signing a record deal with B-Unique the band began the writing and recording of their first record, the first release from which came in the form of "Recover" on 7 November 2005 along with b-side "Jack Daniels". B-Unique gave them only two months to write and produce a record with a January deadline which caused the band to believe that the tracks on the record came out sounding quite similar to each other. Whilst début single "Recover" did not chart, it had still gained them publicity and NME put the band on their new music tour, calling them "The sound of 2006". They were also named Best New Band in the Pop Factory Awards 2005. After touring with The Kooks in early 2006 the band released a second single "Raoul" on 27 March 2006 which reached a peak in the UK Singles Chart of No. 35. Album track "On The Campaign Trail" was issued as the b-side on the CD single, whilst "Trophy Wives" was released on the vinyl. "Raoul" received a large amount of airplay on MTV Two amongst other channels. The band travelled around the UK touring, promoting the single, and promoting their forthcoming album with instore signings.

On 27 April 2006 Not Accepted Anywhere was announced. The 12 track album was released on B-Unique Records on 19 June 2006 with a new single "Monster", and was supported by further tour dates. When the album arrived it received mixed reactions, many reviewers highlighting the high pitched backing screams from Alex Pennie as either a musical choice that gave the band a unique identity, or as a choice which detracted from the rest of the album. Dom Gourlay of Drowned in Sound wrote "the unnecessary screeching of the keyboard player [was] just a tad irritating – bordering on the side of wanting to commit homicide – at the best of times" whilst NME wrote "...screeching backing vocals, have made him sound like a new instrument all of its own". The album remained very popular reaching number No. 3 in the UK Album Chart and staying in the chart for over half a year. The new single "Monster" also proved to be a huge success, reaching No. 4 in the single chart. The Automatic have been described as a one hit wonder despite "Monster" being their second top 40 single, but the band has said since its release that they felt no pressure, nor was it an objective to come up with something as popular as "Monster" in the future. The Raoul EP, a collection of b-sides and songs which didn't make the final album was released on 17 July 2006.

Following the release of the album the band went on tour with Cat The Dog and Welsh friends Viva Machine, and played a 13 date tour across the United Kingdom. This included their hugely publicised appearance on GMTV as well as a UK festival circuit, including Reading and Leeds festival, T4 on the Beach and T in the Park, culminating in their fourth single which was a re-release of "Recover", re-recorded for a larger release than its original limited release the year before. The single peaked at No. 32 in the UK after its release on 18 September 2006, and at this time the band played various dates around Europe and Japan.

Over Christmas 2006 the band wrote and recorded two new songs which would begin play next year on the NME Rock Tour 2007, titled "Steve McQueen" and "Revolution" (now known as "Secret Police"). These were accompanied by a cover of Life During Wartime by Talking Heads, as well as a rerelease of "Raoul". The decision to rerelease "Raoul" was made by B-Unique Records, with The Automatic saying that they were not into the idea of releasing Raoul again. The single charted slightly higher than the original release, at No. 32 instead of No. 36 in the UK single chart.

After extensive UK touring the band released Not Accepted Anywhere in the United States and Canada in June 2007. This preceded their attendance at the Warped Tour 2007 and was opened with their first U.S. single, "Monster" which was released on 14 May 2007. After the Warped Tour and release of the album they embarked on their first USA Tour, before returning to the United Kingdom for their final show of the Not Accepted Anywhere era, Get Loaded in the Park.

Departure of Alex Pennie, Paul Mullen joins, This Is a Fix (2007–2008)
On 18 September 2007 it was announced by The Automatic that Alex Pennie had left The Automatic. Alex performed for the final time with bandmates at Get Loaded in the Park 2007, however had been active for some time with the band assisting with the writing process of their second album, This Is A Fix. It was announced through the band's website and through the band's MySpace that Pennie had been finding playing with his bandmates "increasingly unenjoyable" and that he had been growing apart from them.

In November, NME reported that the band have had no direct contact with Pennie since the split, which also took place earlier than the official split according to his former bandmates. Hawkins has exchanged MySpace messages with Pennie however, reporting that he is doing ok, and that he now has a new punk band. Alex Pennie has more recently stated that he is returning to the UK to start work on "a new project". This was later announced by Pennie through his Myspace profile to be Decimals, in which he performs lead vocals. Pennie confirmed in 2009 that there were no hard feelings and that he and his band Decimals were in the same Cardiff studio as The Automatic, working with the same people, he described the situation as "like seeing an ex-girlfriend" and that both he and his former bandmates are on good terms.

After the departure of Alex Pennie the band was quick to make a new recruitment, Paul Mullen of Yourcodenameis:Milo was brought in after his band went on hiatus, taking on the position of guitarist, vocalist and synth player, so he would not be a direct replacement for Alex Pennie. The band had already been at work before Pennie's departure and had around 10 songs already done, two of which were "Steve McQueen" and "Secret Police", which both had been performed throughout 2007 on various tours.

After working in Cardiff in their studio, the band flew out to Los Angeles, California where they began working with Don Gilmore, who has worked with the likes of Linkin Park and Dashboard Confessional, however were not happy with the results, thus switched to working with Butch Walker (Fall Out Boy, The All American Rejects, Simple Plan) where they worked for some time, until having to return to the United Kingdom where they finished up much of the record back in Cardiff working with Rich Jackson, who worked with the band on Not Accepted Anywhere.

After the recording process was complete, the band drew up proposals for a concert in March, the band began a club tour, playing at smaller venues to "get up close" with the fans, supported by friends Viva Machine with the likes of Canterbury and Attack Attack also performing at select dates. The band's first single from This Is a Fix was soon announced, "Steve McQueen", first played on the NME 2007 Tour, would arrive on 18 August 2008, a further number of tour dates were also announced for August and September, the band were also announced to be play at Reading and Leeds Festivals, as well as performing at the UK release of the Rock Band video game, Glastonbury, and a number of other festivals and gigs around Europe.

Single "Steve McQueen" was premièred on the Zane Lowe show on BBC Radio 1 on 7 July 2008, the following day NME.com broadcast the music video for the first time, following this track "This Is A Fix" was released as a free gift on 30 July 2008 via download. On 18 August, the release day of Steve McQueen, the entire album became available on the band's Myspace page, the band also days later performed an all new cover, "Love in This Club" by "Usher" on the BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge.

After the album's release the band completed two UK album tours in the remaining months of 2008, before heading back into studio to work on new tracks. At The Asylum in Birmingham, the band confirmed "Magazines" to be the second single from This Is A Fix originally stating a release would happen in February 2009, however this date was scrapped. The Automatic along with Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly., Frank Turner and My Vitriol were announced in early 2009 to be part of the final show at the London Astoria on Wednesday 14 January, a charity show for Love Music Hate Racism and Jail Guitar Doors.

Tear the Signs Down, Armoured Records (2009–2010)
Since the start of 2009 the band began working in studio on new tracks, and by March had around 10 songs in various stages of development, some being demoed and some not. The band fully recorded 4 of the new tracks in early April, and on 18 April it was confirmed that the new tracks are towards the band's third studio album.

New track "Something Else" was made available to stream through the band's website on 6 August 2009, with a music video produced by Frost depicting touring in Ibiza, Poland, Dubai and Switzerland – and recording in Cardiff. New material was further teased in August through to October, with photos depicting the band working with a violinist and cellist, song title "Parasol" was also revealed.

On 28 September 2009, the band announced a string of UK dates for November, which would coincide with the release of new single "Interstate". It was also revealed that the band had terminated their contract to release 5 records through B-Unique and Polydor Records after the two labels partnership which The Automatic were the child of ended; causing the ill promotion and distribution of their previous album This Is A Fix. Instead, the band would self finance their third record, allowing for 'complete creative control', Armoured Records was founded, with a distribution partnership with EMI.

In October filming took place for single "Interstate" in Cardiff outside Chapter Arts Centre in front of a wood sculpture created by Alan Goulbourne. Filming then took place days later for the band's appearance on Chris Moyles' Quiz Night. "Interstate" premiered on XFM on 3 November 2009, with the music video released straight after onto YouTube. The album's title Tear the Signs Down and release date for 8 March 2010 were also revealed. Track "Something Else" which was previously available to stream was also released as a free download through Music Glue.

January through March 2010 tour dates were revealed by The Fly as soon as the band's November tour ended. Second single "Run and Hide" which was previously titled "Parasol" premiered on Zane Lowe's Radio 1 show on 19 January 2010, with a release set for 1 March 2010 – a week before the release of the album. The music video saw release a week later, shot at the re-opened Cardiff Coal Exchange. Tear the Signs Down was met by critics in a similar way to the band's previous releases, receiving both very positive and negative responses, Rock Sound awarded the album 9/10 believing it would "surely stand out as one of the finest British records of the year" whilst magazine The Skinny critic Nick Mitchell wrote "It's difficult to imagine even their core audience (the Hollyoaks demographic) getting excited about this confused, weak album" awarding only a single star. After the band's UK tour with Straight Lines and White Belt Yellow Tag it was teased that the band were hoping to support Irish rock band Ash in April & May, however this never materialised. An alternative version of "Cannot Be Saved" was revealed as the third single from Tear the Signs Down, and would be released on 20 June 2010, with a music video from the touring earlier in the year directed by Frost released on Rock Sound and NME on 2 June 2010. Two days after "Cannot Be Saved" live versions from Oxford Academy of "Run and Hide" and "Raoul" were released as free downloads through Rock Midgets, with live versions of "Sleepwalking" and "Magazines" also made available to stream through the band's SoundCloud.

Over the summer months of 2010 performances included Pritchattsbury Festival in Birmingham, Kilmarnock Festival in Scotland, Monmouth Festival and Jedi Music Festival in Liverpool. Along with The Blackout and Young Guns the band were announced as part of the line-up for Funeral for a Friend's Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation dates in July 2010.

Tear the Signs Down was amongst the BBC's 10 greatest Welsh albums of 2010. On 24 December 2010 an unreleased cover of "New Sensation" by INXS from the This Is A Fix recording sessions was made available for streaming on SoundCloud.

Other projects (2010–present)
The Automatic ended in 2010, following being dropped by their label and the firing of their manager. Mullen formed Young Legionnaire with former Bloc Party bassist Gordon Moakes, who released their debut album Crisis Works in 2011. Frost formed a project called EFFORT with Radio 1 DJ Jen Long; the pair released a 3 track EP in 2010. Singer/bassist Rob enrolled at Cardiff University studying Computer Science BSc, whilst drummer Iwan studied Law.

Mullen also joined Tom Bellamy's band Losers in recording their second record, East London band HorseFight and in later 2012 joined former The King Blues guitarist Jamie Jazz in forming Bleach Blood who released their debut EP The Young Heartbreakers Club in 2013. On 20 March 2013 Iwan posted three previously unheard tracks by The Automatic on the band's Facebook. The tracks 'Just Because You Feel It', 'Where Have You Been' and an untitled track were all recorded between This Is A Fix and Tear the Signs Down, Iwan also posted a number of other demos and live tracks. Shortly after on 20 April, Iwan posted a photo from in the studio working with bassist Rob on a new project. On 6 May 2013, Radio 1 debuted a track by the band Continental Keys, which featured guitarist Frost and was fronted by Tom Jenkins of Straight Lines.

As of 2020, Robin was working as a software developer in Bristol, while Iwan was employed as a trainee accountant in Wick. Both remained open to the idea of the band reuniting.

Musical style
During the band's debut release period of Not Accepted Anywhere they were often categorised as electro-disco-punk rock,; at this point they were using more synthesiser keyboards, and had been compared to acts such as Bloc Party, Kaiser Chiefs, and 'thrown in' with the indie rock scene of 2006, the band have even stated that the album was altered in the mixing process "When we were recording the first album there were some really heavy guitars going down but only the clean ones were used" a decision of the record label and producers involved with the album, some of these guitars parts were restored in the 2007 US release of Not Accepted Anywhere when it was re-released and re-mastered, the band at one point were even labelled as Glam rock, which former keyboardist Alex Pennie blamed NME for. The band cite their influences such as Jarcrew, Muse, Blur and The Blood Brothers, and a joint love for bands such as Radiohead and Ash, The band's second album was compared to the sound of Ash's early work by many critics, as well as this the second album is generally listed as having a 'bigger sound' with heavier guitars, less synths, drums and more vocals.

The debut album, Not Accepted Anywhere, lyrically refers to the band's experiences growing up in Cowbridge, while the second album, This Is A Fix, lyrically takes inspiration from politics and news items, except for "Steve McQueen" which lyrically is similar to the tracks on Not Accepted Anywhere and was intended originally as a bridge between the two first albums, as a stand-alone single being originally recorded at the end of 2006, for an early 2007 release. "Monster", "Recover", "In The Mountains" and "Responsible Citizen" lyrically refer to substance abuse and alcohol, the media in "Magazines", the record industry in "Accessories" and "You Shout You Shout You Shout You Shout", the climate in "High Tide on Caroline Street", people the band dislike in "Team Drama and "Seriously... I Hate You Guys", growing up and day-to-day lives in "That's What She Said", "In This World", "Raoul", and "Light Entertainment".

The band instrumentally use various synthesisers to produce many of their sounds, during the recording and touring with the album Not Accepted Anywhere the band's former member Alex Pennie used an Alesis Micron and an Alesis Andromeda during live performances, and in addition to this in studio he used a Roland Juno-106. More recently since Pennie's departure new addition Paul Mullen uses a microKORG whilst James Frost continues to use an Alesis Micron, although fewer of the songs on This Is A Fix use a synthesiser as a predominant instrument. The band uses Sennheiser microphones, 'e 945s' for vocals, 'e 906s' for the guitar cabinets and snare drum, the 'e 604s' for toms, and an 'e 901' on the kick drum.

Band members

 * Final line-up
 * Robin Hawkins – lead & backing vocals, bass guitar, synthesisers, keyboards, flute (1998–2010)
 * James Frost – guitar, synthesisers, keyboards, backing vocals, percussion, bass guitar (1998–2010)
 * Iwan Griffiths – drums (1998–2010)
 * Paul Mullen – lead & backing vocals, guitar, synthesisers, keyboards (2007–2010)

 * Former band members
 * Alex Pennie – synthesisers, keyboards, percussion, unclean vocals (2003–2007)

 * Former touring musicians
 * Jamie Allen – bass guitar (2006–2007)
 * Peter Hill – bass guitar (2008)
 * Tom Stephens – bass guitar (2008)

The band have collaborated on a number of occasions for live shows, notably for Reading and Leeds festivals in 2006 during the performances of "Gold Digger" where the band performed with Goldie Lookin Chain, similarly in 2007 at T in the Park the band performed the track with singer-guitarist Newton Faulkner, during the live performance of "Gold Digger", former guitar technician for The Automatic Jamie Allen would perform bass guitar, as Rob played flute. In 2008 with album and track "This Is A Fix" an additional bass player was required for its performance as Rob would be providing synthesisers in the track, during club tour Tom Stephens of Viva Machine provided bass, whilst in later tours Peter Hill stood in as bassist on the track. Notable on many of the band's tours have featured James "Jizz" Lawrenson as the band's sound engineer, 'Spicy' Geoff Cattani as Keyboard Tech & Drum tech & sometimes Driver from February 2006 – November 2006, Stan Saunders as band's monitor engineer and Mike Doyle as tour manager, a position Peter Hill also took in 2008/09 touring, Mike was also featured during a live cover of Talking Heads single "Life During Wartime" on the 2007 NME Tour.

The band have long had a studio relationship with producer Richard Jackson, who is responsible for working with the band on albums; Not Accepted Anywhere, This Is A Fix & Tear the Signs Down and subsequent b-sides and demos as well as this the band have been managed by Martin Bowen with Probation Management since 2005. As well as working in studio with Richard, the sophomore release was worked on initially with Don Gilmore, followed by Butch Walker & Richard Jackson and on one track Stephen Harris, who also worked with the band on their debut, along with Ian Broudie. To date, musically the only other musicians to be featured besides the band themselves were Chris T-T and Frank Turner, the two musicians along with producer Butch Walker were featured providing gang vocals and extra percussion on This Is A Fix track "Steve McQueen".

Reception
The September 2008 issue of Rock Sound magazine reported that the band was unpopular with other musicians, which the band blamed on the success of their hit single "Monster".

At the time of their debut release, Not Accepted Anywhere, the band were rated No. 10 in the BBC's sound of 2006 British band Kasabian called The Automatic "horrible" in an NME interview in 2007.

All the singles released by The Automatic, from "Recover" in November 2005, to "Steve McQueen" in August 2008 charted in the UK Singles Top 40, including both original releases and re-releases of "Raoul" and "Recover". The band's highest charting single to-date is "Monster" which charted at No. 4, this is followed by "Steve McQueen" which charted at No. 16. Since 2008 they have failed to chart.

Albums

 * Not Accepted Anywhere (2006)
 * This Is a Fix (2008)
 * Tear the Signs Down (2010)

title: The Automatic


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Lindy Infante

Gelindo "Lindy" Infante (March 27, 1940 – October 8, 2015) was an American football player and coach, who became an offensive coordinator and head coach in both the National Football League (NFL) and the United States Football League (USFL). Infante played college football for the University of Florida, and later served as the head coach of the Jacksonville Bulls of the USFL, and the Green Bay Packers and Indianapolis Colts of the NFL.

Early life
Infante was born in Miami, Florida in 1940. He attended Miami Senior High School, where he was the star fullback for the Miami Stingarees.

College career
Infante accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, and he played tailback for coach Ray Graves' Florida Gators football team from 1960 to 1962. He was also a member of Sigma Nu fraternity (Epsilon Zeta Chapter) while he was an undergraduate. Memorably, Infante scored the go-ahead touchdown in the Gators' 18–17 upset of the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets in 1960, scored three touchdowns in their 21–7 victory over the Clemson Tigers in 1961, and was a senior team captain and a third-team All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) selection in 1962. During his undergraduate playing days, he also suffered two severe injuries: a ruptured lung against the LSU Tigers in 1960, and a season-ending broken leg against LSU in 1962.

Infante graduated from the University of Florida with a bachelor's degree in physical education in 1964, and he was later inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a "Distinguished Letter Winner" in 1988.

Infante returned to his alma mater in 1966, where he worked as an assistant football coach under head coaches Graves and Doug Dickey until 1971, and was responsible for recruiting Gator wide receiver Carlos Alvarez. He went on to serve as the offensive coordinator at Memphis State from 1972 to 1974.

NFL assistant and coordinator
Infante was the offensive coordinator of the Cincinnati Bengals in the early 1980s under Forrest Gregg. His offense, quarterbacked by Ken Anderson, led the Bengals to the 1981 AFC title, and a berth in Super Bowl XVI. During the summer of 1983, he was offered and accepted the head coach position for the upstart Jacksonville Bulls; citing potentially divided loyalties, the Bengals management promptly fired him before the start of the 1983 NFL fall season. Infante served as the Bulls' head coach during their two spring football seasons in 1984 and 1985. After the 1985 season, the Bulls planned to merge with the Denver Gold and take the Gold's Mouse Davis as head coach; the USFL would never play the 1986 season. As Infante had left the USFL months ahead of its cessation, he was able to secure work in fall 1986, unlike most of the league's other coaches. He became the offensive coordinator of the Bernie Kosar-quarterbacked Cleveland Browns during the 1986 and 1987 NFL fall seasons. Under Infante, the 1987 Browns were the second-highest-scoring offense in the AFC.

Green Bay Packers
In 1988, Infante became an NFL head coach for the first time, leaving Cleveland to replace Forrest Gregg as head coach of the Green Bay Packers. That first season, the Packers endured losing streaks of five and seven games and finished with a 4–12 record. Infante's second season, 1989, was his most successful; after a slow start, the Packers won five of their last six games, finishing 10–6, only missing the playoffs on a tie-breaker with the rival Minnesota Vikings. For his efforts, Infante was named the 1989 AP NFL Coach of the Year. In 1990, the Packers started 6–5, only to lose their final five games and finish 6–10 and out of the playoffs. That five-game losing streak continued into 1991, when the Packers lost six of their first seven games, and finished 4–12. A 27–7 season-ending victory over the Vikings notwithstanding, Infante was fired by the Packers' new general manager, Ron Wolf, before the beginning of the 1992 season. He was succeeded by Mike Holmgren, then the offensive coordinator of the San Francisco 49ers.

Indianapolis Colts
A second opportunity to be a head coach in the NFL came in 1996, when Infante replaced the fired Ted Marchibroda as head coach of the Indianapolis Colts, who had reached the AFC title game in 1995. The season opened with great success, as the Colts started 5–1, but a four-game losing streak in the heart of the season ended their chances at an AFC East division title. Although they qualified for the playoffs as a wild card team, the Colts had to play the Pittsburgh Steelers in Pittsburgh in the wild card playoff game. Although the Colts led 14–13 at the half, a second half collapse allowed the Steelers to claim a 42–14 victory. It was Infante's only NFL playoff game; Indianapolis lost their first ten games of the 1997 season, finishing 3–13. Infante was fired shortly after the season's end.

As an NFL head coach, Infante compiled a career record of 36–60, with an 0–1 record in the playoffs.

Head coaching record
 NFL   USFL

Life after football
After his retirement, Infante lived in Crescent Beach, Florida with his wife Stephanie, two sons and five grandchildren. He died in St. Augustine, Florida on October 8, 2015, aged 75.

Players who became head coaches
Players who played for Infante who later became college or NFL head coaches

 * Jim Harbaugh: San Diego (2004–2006), Stanford (2007–2010), San Francisco 49ers (2011-2014), Michigan (2015–2024), Los Angeles Chargers (2024-Present)
 * Vance Joseph: Denver Broncos (2017–2018)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lindy Infante


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Ultimate Ears

Ultimate Ears is an American custom in-ear monitor (IEM), speaker, and earphone manufacturer based in Irvine and Newark, California, United States.

The custom in-ear monitor company was founded by Mindy and Jerry Harvey in 1995 and it created a new market for custom IEMs which are now used by most of the world's top musicians.

In August 2008, Ultimate Ears was acquired by Logitech and operates as a subsidiary.

History
In 1995, Jerry Harvey was Van Halen's touring monitor engineer, mixing their stage sound through stage wedges—powerful loudspeakers aiming at each of the musicians. Drummer Alex Van Halen had great difficulty hearing the other band members over all the noise of the stage; louder monitors did not help. Harvey created a custom molded earpiece for the drummer to block some of the stage noise and focus on the desired sound: a prototype earpiece that contained two tiny speaker drivers, one for low frequencies and one for high frequencies, the frequencies split by a passive audio crossover. The high frequency driver was a stock Japanese component but a suitable low frequency driver was difficult to find. The only driver which survived strong kick drum signals was a Knowles-made pacemaker part, a balanced armature transducer intended to warn the pacemaker wearer of internal problems. Other Van Halen band members became interested and Harvey crafted further sets. The musicians touring with Van Halen—Skid Row—wanted some in-ear monitors and Harvey sold them six pairs for $3,000. Pop singer Engelbert Humperdinck wanted a set and at that point Harvey determined to start a company to supply the demand.

Harvey and his wife Mindy decided to divorce at the same time as they joined as business partners in Las Vegas, Nevada, where they incorporated Ultimate Ears. Mindy Harvey later said, "Ultimate Ears is the child we never had ...and in the big picture, getting divorced was the only way to spread the word about the company." The company was run from Mindy's home, offering not just custom-molded earpieces but the associated radio transmitters and receivers intended for use onstage by performing musicians. Jerry Harvey promoted the systems and also helped Shure produce their E1 and E5 IEMs, "the first universal-fit dual-driver monitors." Helping Shure make this product also helped the new company Ultimate Ears gain respectability. Ultimate Ears first became significantly profitable in 1998 with the introduction of the UE-5 model; the fifth of Harvey's designs. Customers included The Rolling Stones, Faith Hill, Enrique Iglesias, and the Red Hot Chili Peppers.

Westone, Innovate Partners, Logitech
From the beginning, Ultimate Ears partnered with Westone to manufacture Harvey's designs, but in 2001 Westone began to operate a separate distribution channel in Europe, selling the IEMs as their own designs, holding all the Ultimate Ears trademarks and patents. Relations between Westone and Ultimate Ears soured. Harvey did not have any patents, so it was difficult for him to separate his design, marketing and sales business from the manufacturer. At the beginning of 2002, Ultimate Ears opened their own lab, hiring Chomphorn "Noy" Soudaly, an audiologist and hearing aid technician, to run the lab. In April 2002, Ultimate Ears produced an upgraded model without Westone's help. The Harveys were able to retain nine out of ten customers; the remainder became customers of Westone. In 2003, Ultimate Ears had five employees and held about 80% of the professional IEM market.

Harvey went out on tour with Linkin Park to get back in contact with touring musicians and while on tour he noticed the popularity of iPods and other mp3 players. He returned with the idea that Ultimate Ears should offer a consumer model for audiophile listeners. The resulting UE-5c appeared in January 2004 sold for $550. High sales of these doubled the company's income. Pursuing this direction further required outside investment, and the Harveys contacted Bob Allison, owner and CEO of Innovate Partners, an investment holding company in Irvine, California. Allison became the CEO of Ultimate Ears as the company moved to Irvine, with Mindy Harvey the president and Jerry Harvey the CTO. Innovate Partners helped Ultimate Ears develop a manufacturing source in China to provide the expected volume of sales. By April 2005, the resulting Super.fi 5 Pro, a double armature product, was offered to consumers at $250 per pair, and sales of these helped Ultimate Ears to gross more than $10 million in 2006. That same year, Ultimate Ears teamed with M-Audio and with Altec Lansing to produce rebranded lines of earpieces, one sold under the management of M-Audio (their IE model line) and the other under the Altec Lansing name.

Harvey left Ultimate Ears in 2007 after designing and producing the UE-10 Pro and then the UE-11, the first 3-way and 4-way (respectively) IEM products from Ultimate Ears. Harvey said he was "forced out" by Allison who wished to strengthen his position as leader.

Ultimate Ears was acquired by Logitech in August 2008. The $34 million deal bought out Mindy Harvey's share and gave Logitech its first in-ear earphones product line. Allison continued as division CEO. Logitech's vice president in charge of headsets and earbuds, Philippe Depallens, said that even after the departure of both Jerry and Mindy Harvey, the company has been able to "keep carrying the torch of having the best in-ear monitors in the market."

Portable speaker market entry
On May 21, 2013, Ultimate Ears entered the portable, wireless consumer speaker market with the introduction of the UE Boom.

Wireless Bluetooth Speakers

 * UE BLAST: 360° sound, IPX7 waterproof, Amazon Alexa built in
 * UE BOOM: 360° sound with dual performance drivers and dual passive radiators.
 * UE BOOM 2: 360° sound, fully waterproof IPX7, rugged
 * UE BOOM 3: 360° sound, fully waterproof IP67, floats on water
 * UE MEGABLAST: 360° sound, IPX7 waterproof, Amazon Alexa built in
 * UE MEGABOOM: 360° sound with dual passive radiators, performance drivers and advanced digital signal processing, IPX7 waterproof
 * UE MEGABOOM 3: 360° sound, fully waterproof IP67, floats on water
 * UE ROLL: 360° sound in an IPX7 waterproof case
 * UE ROLL 2: 360° sound, IPX7
 * UE WONDERBOOM: 360° sound in IPX7 waterproof case, floats on water
 * UE WONDERBOOM 2: 360° sound in IP67 waterproof case, floats on water, outdoor mode
 * UE WONDERBOOM 3: 360° sound in IP67 waterproof case, floats on water, outdoor mode, made with 30% recycled plastic
 * UE HYPERBOOM: 270° sound with dual passive radiators, adaptive EQ, IPX4 waterproof

Headphones

 * UE 4000: On-Ear
 * UE 6000: Over-Ear
 * UE 9000: Wireless Over Ear

Universal Fit Earphones

 * TripleFi 10: triple balanced armatures with passive crossover
 * Ultimate Ears 900: quadruple balanced armatures with passive crossover
 * Ultimate Ears 700: dual balanced armatures with passive crossover

 * Ultimate Ears 600: single balanced armature
 * Ultimate Ears 600vi, identical to 600, but adds built-in microphone and on-cord controls
 * Ultimate Ears 500: single dynamic driver
 * Ultimate Ears 500vi: identical to 500, but adds built-in microphone and on-cord controls
 * Ultimate Ears 350: single dynamic driver
 * Ultimate Ears 350vi: identical to 350, but adds built-in microphone and on-cord controls
 * Ultimate Ears 200: single dynamic driver
 * Ultimate Ears 200vi: identical to 200, but adds built-in microphone and on-cord controls
 * Ultimate Ears 100: single dynamic driver, 10 colorful designs

Like all earphones the Ultimate Ears consumer monitors require the user to test varying sizes of ear cushions (included with the purchase) in order to achieve the proper fit for noise isolation.

Legacy consumer products

 * The MetroFi 100 with a 10mm mylar driver.
 * The MetroFi 100vi, designed for the iPhone, with a 10mm mylar driver and inline microphone.
 * The MetroFi 150 with a dynamic driver
 * The MetroFi 150v, designed for the iPhone with a dynamic driver and inline microphone.
 * The MetroFi 170 with a small dynamic driver
 * The MetroFi 170vi, designed for the iPhone with a small dynamic driver and inline microphone.
 * The MetroFi 200, with a dynamic driver.
 * The MetroFi 220, with a small titanium dynamic driver.
 * The MetroFi 220vi, designed for the iPhone with a small titanium dynamic driver and inline microphone.
 * The SuperFi 3 Studio with one balanced armature driver.
 * The SuperFi 4 with a proprietary balanced armature speaker.
 * The SuperFi 5 with one Proprietary balanced armature driver.
 * The SuperFi 5vi designed for iPhone, with one Proprietary balanced armature driver.
 * The SuperFi 5 EB with one balanced armature and one 13.5mm diaphragm driver.
 * The SuperFi 5 Pro with Dual balanced armature drivers with an inline crossover.
 * The Loud Enough, designed for children 6 and up, with a 10mm mylar driver and limits sound pressure levels to 60%.
 * TripleFi 10vi, a modification of the standard TripleFi 10 Pro designed for the iPhone which adds an inline microphone.
 * UE MINI BOOM: dual performance drivers and one passive radiator.

Custom In-Ear Monitors

 * The UE Live hybrid, with Seven Balanced, precision armatures & single Dynamic 6mm Neodymium Driver, with Four-Way Crossover
 * The UE18+ Pro with Six Balanced, precision armatures, with Four-way Mixed Crossover.
 * The UE In-Ear Reference Monitors with Triple Balanced, precision armatures, with multiple Integrated Passive Crossover
 * The UE18 Pro with Sextuple Balanced Armature Driver Technology, with Four-way Integrated Passive Crossover
 * The UE11 Pro with Quadruple Balanced Armature Driver Technology, Single High-end Frequencies Driver, Single Mid Frequencies Driver, and Dual Low-End Frequencies with Three-way integrated Passive Crossover
 * The UE7 Pro with Triple Balanced Armature Driver Technology, Single High-End Frequencies Driver, Dual Mid-Low Frequencies Drivers with Integrated Passive Crossover.
 * The UE5 Pro With Dual Balanced Armature Drivers, Single High-End Frequencies Driver, Single Mid-Low Frequencies Driver with integrated Passive Crossover
 * The UE4 Pro with Dual balanced armature drivers, single high-end frequencies driver, single mid-low frequencies driver with an integrated passive crossover network.
 * The UE1 Pro with single ear design, Quadruple balanced armature drivers, with Four-way integrated Passive Crossover.

Legacy custom products

 * The UE10 Pro with Triple Balanced Armature Driver Technology, Single High-End Frequencies Driver, Dual Mid-Low Frequencies Drivers with Integrated Passive Crossover Circuit Board.

Musician's earplugs
Ultimate Ears has always offered earplugs for professional musicians. The earplugs are marketed relative to the amount of background noise reduction.

Mobile Apps
BOOM & MEGABOOM / UE ROLL / BLAST & MEGABLAST (Speaker Apps, Separate Apps For Headphones)

All BOOM, BLAST & ROLL Speakers (Excluding WONDERBOOM Series) Include Mobile App's With Features Such As,

* Remote Power ON & OFF

* Remote Volume Control

* EQ Preset's & Custom EQ

* Software Update's

* Changing The Name Of Your Speaker

* Control Magic Button (On BOOM 3 Series)

* PartyUp: Pair Up To 150+ Speakers and Play From 1 Device

title: Ultimate Ears


text:
Robert McKenna

Robert Fidelis McKenna (8 July 1927 – 16 December 2015) was an American sedeprivationist bishop who used to be a Catholic priest of the Dominican order. He was known for his traditionalist Catholic positions and was an advocate of sedeprivationism. McKenna was one of the leaders of the Orthodox Roman Catholic Movement (ORCM). He was also known from the Fox TV-movie The Haunted, which is about the Smurl haunting where McKenna conducted two exorcisms.

Biography
He was ordained a Catholic priest for the Order of Preachers in 1958 by Cardinal Amleto Giovanni Cicognani.

After the Second Vatican Council, while working as a translator and scientific researcher for his religious Order, he became increasingly concerned with the ramifications of the Vatican reforms, and finally removed himself from his Order. He continued as a Dominican priest while joining others in the Orthodox Roman Catholic Movement (ORCM), a traditionalist Catholic organization founded by Fr. Francis E. Fenton that represented itself as preserving authentic Catholicism from what its members viewed as radical modernist changes in doctrine and liturgy.

McKenna was consecrated a bishop on 22 August 1986, in Raveau, France, by the French sedeprivationist Bishop Michel-Louis Guérard des Lauriers, one of the bishops consecrated by Archbishop Ngô Đình Thục.

He died at the age of 88 on 16 December 2015. The sermon at his funeral was preached by Donald Sanborn.

Exorcist
McKenna participated in a number of exorcisms and worked for many years with demonologist Dave Considine and Rama Coomaraswamy, M.D. Some of his cases were also investigated by psychic researchers such as the Warrens. He attempted exorcisms in the Smurl haunting case, which case was described in various books and in the Fox TV-movie The Haunted.

Another exorcism he performed in 1985 in Warren, Massachusetts was featured in the Boston Herald and later recounted by the same reporters in the book Satan's Harvest. A spokesperson for the Archdiocese of Hartford, said that whatever ritual was performed on the boy was not sanctioned by the Roman Catholic Church and therefore could not be called an exorcism.

Furthermore, he believes that "the official establishment does not believe in the Devil ... but the Devil believes in them. They do not believe, and when they do, they don't want to get involved."

Public stand
According to McKenna, the successors of Pope Pius XII have attempted to put the heresy of ecumenism in place of Catholicism by teaching that men have a natural right to worship as they see fit. Referring to this alleged heresy as "a spiritual insanity", he wrote in an article "On Keeping Catholic": "Now while the Popes of Vatican II, including the present Benedict XVI, can function on the purely natural level in running the Church as an organization or legal corporation, they have on the supernatural level - in view of their spiritual madness - no divine authority to speak for the Church as the Mystical Body of Christ or to govern the faithful in His name; no power, that is to say, to function precisely as the Vicar of Christ for so long as this insanity continues. They and the bishops under them, blindly following them, are lacking the jurisdiction they would otherwise have under normal circumstances. We must simply ignore them and carry on as best as we can without them." Concerning the bishops who are in union with Rome, he published a similar view in 1980: Practically all bishops who are not definitely heretics are at least gravely suspect of heresy by reason of the sacrilegious outrages they have tolerated in their dioceses. As a consequence, they have either lost their jurisdiction or possess a very doubtful jurisdiction, and Canon Law itself expressly supplies priests jurisdiction in such cases.

Audiovisual material

 * includes images from his chapel and nuns, while McKenna describes the exorcism.

title: Robert McKenna


text:
Armlock

An armlock in grappling is a single or double joint lock that hyperextends, hyperflexes or hyperrotates the elbow joint or shoulder joint. An armpit lock is very useful, it will immobilize your opponent and pin them on the ground. An armlock that hyper-extends the elbow is known as an armbar, and it includes the traditional armbar (pressing the elbow against the thigh or hips), the shoulder triangle armbar (where a figure-four is locked with the legs), and the shotgun armbar (where the opponent's wrist is placed in the armpit, using the forearm as a fulcrum). An armlock that hyper-rotates the arm is known as an armcoil, and includes the americana, kimura, and omaplata. Depending on the joint flexibility of a person, armcoils can either hyper-rotate only the shoulder joint, only the elbow joint, or both the elbow joint and shoulder joint.

Obtaining an armlock requires effective use of full-body leverage in order to initiate and secure a lock on the targeted arm, while preventing the opponent from escaping the lock. Therefore, performing an armlock is less problematic on the ground, from positions such as the mount, side control, or guard. Armlocks are more difficult to perform when both combatants are standing up, though the stand-up variants are a focus in certain systems such as Chin Na.

Armlocks, considered less dangerous techniques in combat sports allowing joint locks, are the most common joint locks used as submission holds. In training, the method of executing an armlock is generally slow and controlled to give the opponent time to submit prior to any infliction of injury. However, in self-defense applications, or when applied improperly or with excessive force, armlocks can cause muscle, tendon and ligament damage, even dislocation, or bone fractures.

Armbar
The jūji-gatame (十字固め, rendered as "Ude-Hishigi-Juji-Gatame"), which translates to "cross pin" or "cross hold down" also sometimes used interchangeably with the terms armbar, cross armbar or straight armbar, is a Jujutsu, and thus a Judo, technique also widely used in other grappling martial arts such as Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ). The English word "bar" is used here to signify the opponent's extended arm, while the Japanese word "jūji" (十字) refers to the armbar's visual resemblance to the number 10 as written in kanji, 十. The word jūji is also found in "jūjika" (十字架), meaning a cross. In general, the practitioner secures an arm at the wrist of the opponent, trapping it by squeezing the knees together. To initiate the submission one of the legs will be across the chest of the opponent, the second leg's calf will cross face the opponent, with the hips tight into the armpit, with the arm held between the thighs, with the elbow pointing against the thigh or hips. By holding the opponent's wrist to the attacker's chest with the pinky finger on the sternum and the thumb facing up (arm semi-supinated or semi-pronated), the practitioner can easily extend the opponent's arm and hyperextend the opponent's elbow. The attacker can further increase the pressure on the elbow joint by arching his hips against the elbow. Alternatively, gripping the opponent's wrist and forearm, while pushing the hips closer to the opponent's elbow and crossing one leg to make a leg triangle around and press down the opponent's humerus/scapula/biceps and triceps/shoulder, could make the hold more secure while additionally allowing the practitioner to deliver strikes to the opponent's head and neck with the non-crossed leg. This technique is used in various grappling martial arts, including but not limited to Brazilian jiu-jitsu, catch wrestling, judo, jujutsu, Sambo, and shoot wrestling, and is reportedly at least 200 years old.

Flying armbar
The flying armbar or tobi-jūji-gatame (飛び十字固め) is a version of the jūji-gatame that is performed from a stand-up position. Without a gi, it is typically applied when the opponent has a collar tie and arm control. By tightly holding the opponent's neck and arm, the practitioner places one of his shins against the opponent's midsection, and leans up on the opponent; at the same time, the attacker swings the leg on the same side as the opponent's collar tie over the opponent's head, into the typical jūji-gatame position. A slight modification of this maneuver can also be made. Instead of initiating the move by placing the shin against the opponent's midsection, the lower leg can be directed through the space between the arm and trunk of the opponent with the knee generally placed close to the opponent's armpit. The advantage of this modification is that the attacking practitioner's hips more closely engage with the defender's shoulders, making the forthcoming armbar submission easier to accomplish. However, the disadvantage of this modification is that the associated risk of injury is increased due to the attacker's increased height above the ground and near-vertical upside-down angle to the ground. (With a gi, it can be performed without needing to hold the neck.) If improperly performed, this technique can allow the opponent to escape, and gain an advantageous position. The flying armbar is considered to be one of the most visually spectacular joint locks, but it is uncommon because of the associated risk of falling into a poor position.

Helicopter armbar
The helicopter armbar is a slightly different version of the armbar, a combination of an armbar and tomoe nage, which is also used by wrestling, Judo and BJJ. When the attacker stands in front of the opponent, he grabs both of his arms and falls backwards, causing the opponent to lean forward. Then the attacker puts his feet on the opponent's stomach or hips and lifts him up with his feet. While securing one of the opponents arms, the attacker will drop one foot (Same side as the secured arm). This will cause the opponent to twist and fall, landing with the secured arm extended by the attacker.

Sankaku-gatame
The sankaku-gatame (三角固め) or triangle armlock is a jūji-gatame performed from the sankaku position. It is normally used when the shime (strangle) is not working. It is an effective competition technique because the opponent's arm became exposed while defending the sankaku-jime and their attention is focused in stopping the strangle.

Shoulder locks
The "shoulder lock" is a technique used as a method of upper body restraint. It should not be confused with a choke because the lock does not block or interfere with the flow of air or oxygen to the brain. The application is executed by applying pressure between the radial bone and shoulder.

Top shoulder lock
The top shoulder lock, (Also known as the figure-four armlock, bent armlock, americana, keylock, V1 armlock, paintbrush, or ude-garami) is a grappling keylock technique in which both of the practitioner's arms isolate and cause flexion to the shoulder, elbow, and to a lesser extent the wrist of the opponent. The technique is generally set in motion by the practitioner, using their opposite side hand (i.e. to target the opponents' right hand he uses his own left hand), pinning the opponent's arm to the ground at the wrist, so that the elbow falls at a right angle with the palm facing upwards. Subsequently, the practitioner will thread his opposite hand under the opponent's biceps, reach through and grasp his own wrist. Doing so creates the signature "figure four", from which one name for this technique was derived. This also gives the practitioner a mechanical advantage over the opponent. To finish the submission the practitioner slides the wrist of the opponent toward the lower body, while simultaneously elevating the elbow and forearm, in a motion resembling using a paintbrush, creating opposition to the joints and causing the necessary flexion in the shoulder and elbow to cause significant pain, and damage if the opponent fails to submit. While it is feasible to execute this technique from several different positions, the most commonly utilized is the side mount position. This technique also has numerous variations with their own nomenclature, for instance depending on the rotational direction the arm, the addition of the word "reverse" signifying medial rotation as in reverse keylock or reverse ude-garami, in which case the usage of "keylock" indicates lateral rotation only.

Double wristlock (Gyaku ude-garami)
Double wristlock/chicken wing (catch wrestling), kimura (Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu), or reverse keylock are terms used to specify a medial keylock known in judo as gyaku ude-garami (reverse arm entanglement) or simply as ude-garami. The application is similar to the top wristlock, except that it is reversed. It needs some space behind the opponent to be effective, and can be applied from the side control or guard. Contrary to the top wristlock, the opponent's wrist is grabbed with the hand on the same side, and the opposite arm is put behind the opponent's arm, again grabbing the attacker's wrist and forming a figure-four. By controlling the opponent's body and cranking the arm away from the attacker, pressure is put on the shoulder joint, and depending on the angle, also the elbow joint (in some variations the opponent's arm is brought behind their back, resulting in a finishing position resembling that of the hammerlock outlined below).

The name "kimura" started circulating in Brazil after a judoka and a professional wrestler Masahiko Kimura used it to defeat one of the founders of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Hélio Gracie. This variation of the name gained more prominence in MMA after the introduction of UFC, and the role Gracie had in its early history. Although a top wristlock is technically a reverse double wristlock, UFC announcer Bruce Buffer still announces fights won by top wristlock as "by tap-out due to a kimura".

The double wristlock is considered in catch wrestling to be the bread-and-butter part of their style. Professional wrestler Terry Funk credits Lorigo "Tony" Morelli with introducing the hold to wrestling "in the '20s", and expressed light frustration with the term "kimura" gradually replacing "double wristlock". He says Morelli set it up by giving opponents (either in fixed matches or legitimate challenges) his back, while standing, throughout his thirty-year career. A reporter for The Spokesman-Review used the term in June 1925 to describe a submission by Jim "Cyclone Thompson" Corrigan over the deputy sheriff of Worley, Idaho, without elaborating on the mechanics. The Wichita Eagle did likewise that April, for Dick Daviscourt's first fall on strongman Henry "Milo" Steinborn.

The 1928 National Collegiate Athletic Association rulebook noted, "Attention is called to the fact that if the double wristlock is brought up to a twisting hammerlock, it becomes an illegal hold and must be stopped by the Referee...". Elsewhere, it prohibits preventing an opponent from escaping with a bodylock, with low-quality photographic illustration. It also noted concern for the danger of a legally applied double wristlock. Robin Reed had used the move to force pins on his way to an Olympic gold medal in 1924.

Omoplata (sankaku-garami)

The omoplata (referred to in judo as ashi-sankaku-garami, 三角絡み, "triangular entanglement" and in catch wrestling as coil lock) is another bent arm shoulder lock. The locking mechanism is similar to the kimura bent arm lock, but instead of using a figure-four, it is applied using a leg. The omoplata can be applied from the guard, by placing one leg under the opponent's armpit and turning 180 degrees in the direction of that leg, so that the leg moves over the back of the opponent and entangles the opponent's arm. By controlling the opponent's body and pushing the arm perpendicularly away from the opponent's back, pressure can be put on the opponent's shoulder. It is also possible to put pressure on the elbow joint by bending the leg entangling the arm, and twisting it in a specific manner. In order to secure the opponent and prevent him from rolling out of the lock, the inner arm can be thrown over the opponent's waist as a "seatbelt" securing the opponent. Though an effective lock, it is more difficult than other armlocks to successfully apply. The technique called a monoplata is a similar armlock that resembles jūji-gatame or spiderweb position yet has a mechanism like an omoplata.

Tsunetane Oda, a judo groundwork specialist who died in 1955, was shown on video to have demonstrated the technique.

Hammerlock
A hammerlock is a shoulder lock similar to the double wristlock where the opponent's arm is held bent against their back, and their hand forced upwards towards the neck, thereby applying pressure to the shoulder joint. This version of the rotational armlock has been present in wrestling circles for centuries and its earliest appearance is in a 16th century German book detailing techniques for European Wrestling. In BJJ circles, this is sometimes referred to as chicken wing. In recent years, its popularity with North Caucasian wrestlers like Khabib Nurmagomedov has garnered the lock the nickname Dagestani Handcuffs.

title: Armlock


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bodyball

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. -R. fiend 17:39, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Bodyball
Non-notable in this context. Although Goolge has several references to Bodyball, none of them seem to apply to this format. It usually refers to the large (oversize) ball. Could be rewritten if someone had the proper information CambridgeBayWeather 00:50, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

it really is a game, i heard mention of it in conversation and searched to try and find out more about it. Don't delete it - it was very helpful to me.
 * Delete. Not notable - game created "in 2005" per article itself. -- DS1953 04:36, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Article is unsourced, and created "in 2005" is a patent admission of non-notability. Quale 04:34, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Mewtation

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Dave C.talk 00:50, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Hey
Yep, I'm a junior this year. Thanks for helping out with reverting vandalism. See you, space cowboy. --Merovingian (t) (c) 08:05, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

User categorisation
You were listed on the Wikipedians in high school page. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in high school for instructions. --Cooksey 19:18, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

Just because I can.
Hey, I wasn't going to let my talk page go a year without a new response! - Mewtation 16:24, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:ChrisCafferyFaces.png
Thanks for uploading Image:ChrisCafferyFaces.png. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 06:47, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

Nanaca Crash
Could you upload (with full history (ie. transwiki)) to the Gaming Wikia, the old article?

http://gaming.wikia.com/index.php?title=Nanaca_Crash&redirect=no&rel=nofollow

65.95.15.144 (talk) 22:09, 3 March 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mewtation


text:
User:Drugar

Welcome! Bienvenue! Willkommen!
Greetings Drugar, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

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- Gryffindor  00:50, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Drugar


text:
User:MpXnpio

Welcome! Bienvenue! Willkommen!
Greetings MpXnpio, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

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Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

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- Gryffindor  00:50, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:MpXnpio


text:
Biceps femoris muscle

The biceps femoris is a muscle of the thigh located to the posterior, or back. As its name implies, it consists of two heads; the long head is considered part of the hamstring muscle group, while the short head is sometimes excluded from this characterization, as it only causes knee flexion (but not hip extension) and is activated by a separate nerve (the peroneal, as opposed to the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve).

Structure
It has two heads of origin:
 * the long head arises from the lower and inner impression on the posterior part of the tuberosity of the ischium. This is a common tendon origin with the semitendinosus muscle, and from the lower part of the sacrotuberous ligament.
 * the short head, arises from the lateral lip of the linea aspera, between the adductor magnus and vastus lateralis extending up almost as high as the insertion of the gluteus maximus, from the lateral prolongation of the linea aspera to within 5 cm. of the lateral condyle; and from the lateral intermuscular septum.

The two muscle heads joint together distally and unite in an intricate fashion. The fibers of the long head form a fusiform belly, which passes obliquely downward and lateralward across the sciatic nerve to end in an aponeurosis which covers the posterior surface of the muscle and receives the fibers of the short head. Inferiorly, the aponeurosis condenses to form a tendon which predominantly inserts onto the lateral side of the head of the fibula. There is a second small insertional attachment by a small tendon slip into the lateral condyle of the tibia.

At its insertion the tendon divides into two portions, which embrace the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint. Together, this joining of tendons is commonly referred to as the conjoined tendon of the knee.

From the posterior border of the tendon a thin expansion is given off to the fascia of the leg. The tendon of insertion of this muscle forms the lateral hamstring; the common fibular (peroneal) nerve descends along its medial border.

Variations
The short head may be absent; additional heads may arise from the ischial tuberosity, the linea aspera, the medial supracondylar ridge of the femur, or from various other parts. The tendon of insertion may be attached to the Iliotibial band and to retinacular fibers of the lateral joint capsule.

A slip may pass to the gastrocnemius.

Innervation
It is a composite muscle as the short head of the biceps femoris develops in the flexor compartment of the thigh and is thus innervated by common fibular branch of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1), while the long head is innervated by the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1).

Blood supply
The muscle's vascular supply is derived from the anastomoses of several arteries: the perforating branches of the profunda femoris artery, the inferior gluteal artery, and the popliteal artery.

Function
Both heads of the biceps femoris perform knee flexion.

Since the long head originates in the pelvis it is involved in hip extension. The long head of the biceps femoris is a weaker knee flexor when the hip is extended (because of active insufficiency). For the same reason the long head is a weaker hip extender when the knee is flexed.

When the knee is semi-flexed, the biceps femoris in consequence of its oblique direction rotates the leg slightly outward.

Clinical significance
Avulsion of the biceps femoris tendon is common in sports that require explosive bending of the knee as seen in sprinting.

title: Biceps femoris muscle


text:
User:TELNol

Welcome! Bienvenue! Willkommen!
Greetings TELNol, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

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- Gryffindor  00:50, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:TELNol


text:
OKL

OKL may refer to:

 * Oakleigh Park railway station, London, National Rail station code
 * Oberkommando der Luftwaffe, the air force High Command of the Third Reich
 * Olive Kettering Library, the library of Antioch College, Ohio
 * Oberste Kriegsleitung (Supreme War Command), the supreme command of the Central Powers in the latter part of the First World War
 * Old Kentish Sign Language (ISO 639 code )

title: OKL


text:
Nico Kasanda

Nicolas Kasanda wa Mikalay (7 July 1939 – 22 September 1985), popularly known as Docteur Nico, was a guitarist, composer and one of the pioneers of Congolese music. He was born in Mikalayi in the Belgian Congo. He graduated in 1957 as a technical teacher, but inspired by his musical family, he took up the guitar and in time became a virtuoso soloist.

Musical career
At the age of 14, Kasanda started playing with the group Grand Kalle et l'African Jazz, led by Joseph "Grand Kalle" Kabasele. He became an influential guitarist (Jimi Hendrix visited him while on tour in Paris), and the originator of the ubiquitous Congolese finger-picked guitar style, acquiring the nickname "Dr. Nico". African Jazz split up in 1963 when he and singer Tabu Ley Rochereau left to form L'Orchestra African Fiesta, which became one of the most popular bands in Africa.

In 1970 Kasanda wrote an arrangement of the Luba folk song Kamulangu, recorded it with his band, Orchestre African Fiesta Sukisa, and released it to much success in Kinshasa.

He withdrew from the music scene in the mid 1970s following the collapse of his Belgian record label, and made a few final recordings in Togo, not long before he died in a hospital in Brussels, Belgium in 1985.

Discography

 * Contributing artist
 * The Rough Guide to Congo Gold (2008, World Music Network)

title: Nico Kasanda


text:
User:Tooteaching

Welcome! Bienvenue! Willkommen!
Greetings Tooteaching, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

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- Gryffindor  00:51, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Tooteaching


text:
Suleiman (disambiguation)

Suleiman is a name. Suleiman may also refer to:

Places

 * Sleman Regency, Indonesia
 * Suleiman Mountains, Afghanistan and Pakistan
 * Suleiman Bridge, a bridge in Osijek
 * Suleiman Courts, high-rise apartment building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
 * Suleiman Mosque
 * Suleiman Mosque (Rhodes)

Animals

 * Suleiman (elephant), an elephant named after Suleiman the Magnificent
 * Suleiman (horse)

Other uses

 * Süleyman (Trinity Blood character), a fictional character in the anime series Trinity Blood

title: Suleiman (disambiguation)


text:
User talk:Panzie

Welcome! Bienvenue! Willkommen!
Greetings Panzie, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

""

Please don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Gryffindor  00:52, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

"Mandalorian Clone (Star Wars)" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Mandalorian Clone (Star Wars). Since you had some involvement with the Mandalorian Clone (Star Wars) redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Steel1943 (talk) 22:00, 30 December 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Panzie


text:
Tazmamart

Tazmamart (سجن تازمامرت) was a secret prison in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco, holding political prisoners. The prison became a symbol of oppression in the political history of contemporary Morocco. It is located near the city of Er-Rich, between Errachida and Midelt. It was managed by commandant Feddoul and Hamidou Laanigri, both Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie officials.

History
Tazmamart Prison was built in 1972, after the second failed coup d'etat against the late Hassan II of Morocco in August 1972, 58 army officers were sent to Kenitra prison and later to Tazmamart. According to Ali Bourequat, the prison later held also some Sahrawi nationalists and other "disappeared" political offenders.

During the 1980s, there were allegations about the existence of a prison called Tazmamart. Moroccan authorities denied all the allegations. It was not until the publication of the book Notre ami le Roi (Our friend the King) by French journalist Gilles Perrault in 1990 that the issue was raised at a political level. Thomas Miller, who at the time was Director for North African Affairs at the State Department, said in an oral history that he was contacted by American citizen Nancy Touil, who said her husband M’Barek Touil had been languishing in Tazmamart for nearly two decades. Miller inserted a talking point in the background papers for President George H.W. Bush for his 1991 meeting with King Hassan. Bush raised the issue, much to the King's dismay.

In 1991, and after pressure from international human rights groups and some foreign governments, Hassan II of Morocco decided to close down the prison and release the last remaining detainees. Some fled abroad, others stayed in Morocco, but were prevented from discussing their experiences in Tazmamart publicly.

Human conditions
According to some former detainees and human rights groups, conditions at Tazmamart were extremely harsh. While torture and ill treatment occurred, the appalling prison conditions were the biggest threat to the lives of inmates.

The prisoners were put in cramped single-person underground cells 24 hours a day. They were allowed no human contact, no light, and very little in the way of food or protection from the summer heat, or winter cold. There was no medical treatment for injuries caused by torture and diseases like tuberculosis. The food rations were also extremely minimal. Executions have allegedly taken place in the prison. All in all, 35 prisoners died, more than half of the people incarcerated at Tazmamart in the eighteen years before the prison was closed in 1991.

Post-Years of lead
Despite reports on the prison by several human rights organizations, the government officially denied all knowledge of the prison until 1991 when pressure from the US forced the release of the surviving prisoners. The camp was closed along with several others of its kind, but Tazmamart remains a particularly powerful symbol of the "years of lead" in Morocco. Ex-prisoners have staged memorial marches to the prison.

Rumours persist about the existence of other such camps in Morocco, as it has been documented that secret detention and torture of suspects continues, possibly in collaboration with the American CIA (see Black sites).

Publications by former inmates
Several of the former inmates have since written books on their sometimes decades-long stay in Tazmamart, for example Ali Bourequat's In the Moroccan King's Secret Gardens and Ahmed Marzouki's Tazmamart: Cell No. 10. The Moroccan writer Tahar Ben Jelloun has written This Blinding Absence of Light, based on the experiences of one Tazmamart prisoner. Aziz Binebine wrote his account Tazmamart: 18 Years in Morocco's Secret Prison in 2009. It was translated into English in 2019 by Lulu Norman and published by Haus, winning the English PEN Award in the process.

title: Tazmamart


text:
User talk:Lambomambo

Welcome! Bienvenue! Willkommen!
Greetings Lambomambo, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

""

Please don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Gryffindor  00:52, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lambomambo


text:
User talk:Jlahorn

Welcome! Bienvenue! Willkommen!
Greetings Jlahorn, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

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""

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- Gryffindor  00:53, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Barnstar!

 * That's so cool, I didn't know about barn stars... Thanks! Jlahorn (talk) 17:06, 8 March 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jlahorn


text:
User talk:Marinajavor

Welcome! Bienvenue! Willkommen!
Greetings Marinajavor, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

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Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

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Please don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Gryffindor  00:53, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

World can't wait
As a result of snafu, one of the previously created articles about "World Can't Wait" was moved to User:Worldcantwait. I've asked WikiProject Anti-war to consider moving it back to the article space. Until they look at it, please hold off from creating duplicates. Gazpacho 07:10, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Never mind. I've taken the deletion tag off The World Can't Wait and marked the duplicates at World cant wait and User:Worldcantwait for deletion (duplicates are wasteful). Gazpacho 07:21, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

AfD nomination of The World Can't Wait
An editor has nominated one or more articles which you have created or worked on, for deletion. The nominated article is The World Can't Wait. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also Notability and "What Wikipedia is not").

Your opinions on whether the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome; please participate in the discussion(s) by adding your comments to Articles for deletion/The World Can't Wait. Please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ).

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Please note: This is an automatic notification by a bot. I have nothing to do with this article or the deletion nomination, and can't do anything about it. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 01:13, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Marinajavor


text: User talk:149.169.86.172

title: User talk:149.169.86.172


text:
User talk:Chawsta

Welcome! Bienvenue! Willkommen!
Greetings Chawsta, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

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Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

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- Gryffindor  00:53, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

web-screenshot tag
I've noticed you've uploaded some images tagged with web-screenshot. This tag is not meant to be used for images that came from Web pages; it's meant to be used for images of Web pages (such as Image:Wikipedia.PNG, for example). I've retagged the images below as having no license information. Please edit the image description pages to include information about the licenses these images are under. —Bkell 17:26, 31 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Image:Dehlinger.jpg

Image copyright problem with Image:Brecker.jpg
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Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. You can get help on image copyright tagging from Wikipedia talk:Image copyright tags. --OrphanBot 06:49, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Brecker.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Brecker.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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title: User talk:Chawsta


text:
Oberkommando der Luftwaffe

The Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (lit. 'Upper Command of the Air Force'; abbreviated OKL) was the high command of the air force (Luftwaffe) of Nazi Germany.

History
The Luftwaffe was organized in a large and diverse structure led by Reich minister and supreme commander of the Air force (Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe) Hermann Göring. Through the Ministry of Aviation (Reichsluftfahrtministerium) Göring controlled all aspects of aviation in Germany, civilian and military alike. This organization was established in the peacetime period predating the German involvement in the Spanish Civil War.

In early 1937, Göring announced the reorganization of the Reich Air Ministry into military and civilian branches. The military branch was to be led by the Air Force High Command (Oberkommando der Luftwaffe) with its chief and general staff. However, the separation of military from civil aviation was incomplete and fragmented. Some parts of the military branch were left under the control of the General Inspector of the Air force, Field marshal general (Generalfeldmarschall) Erhard Milch.

These were:
 * Central Branch
 * General Air Office
 * All the inspectorates

The reasons for this formation was primarily to undermine Milch, who was getting favorable attention from the Party. However, later during the year and early 1938, Göring again changed the organization structure by removing three offices from Milch's and General Staff's control, bringing them under his own direct control.

These were:
 * Personnel Office – under Major General (Generalmajor) Robert Ritter von Greim
 * Air Defense – under general of anti-aircraft artillery (General der Flakartillerie) Günther Rüdel
 * Technical Office – under Major General Ernst Udet

After the change these offices became additional power centers in RLM, further fragmenting the top Air force organization. It also crippled important functional areas.

Organization
To gear-up for the European war as the air arm of the combined armed forces of Nazi Germany (Wehrmacht), the German Air force needed a high command equivalent to that of the Army (Oberkommando des Heeres) and the Navy (Oberkommando der Marine). Thus on 5 February 1935, the OKL was created, and in 1939 the structure of the German Air force was newly organized. The credit for the formation of a true high command goes to Air force general (General der Flieger) Günther Korten commander of Air Fleet 1 (Luftflotte 1) and his Chief of Operations, Karl Koller. They both campaigned to carve a command out of Goring's all-encompassing Ministry of Aviation. The intent was to put the German Air force on a true wartime footing, by grouping all the essential military parts of the RLM into a single command.

It included the following branches:
 * General Staff
 * Operational Staff
 * All the Weapon's Inspectorate
 * Quartermasters Branch
 * Signals Service

Other areas such as training, administration, civil defense and technical design remained under RLM's control. The new organization proved to be more efficient and lasted until the end of the war.

OKL, like its army and navy counterparts, reported to the High Command of the Armed Forces (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht; OKW), which in turn was answerable to Hitler for the operation command of the three branches of the armed forces.

OKL was divided into Forward echelon (1. Staffel) and Rear echelon (2. Staffel). The Forward echelon moved with the theater of operations while Rear echelon remained almost exclusively in Berlin.

OKL was also the operational branch of the German Air force. It was divided operationally into Air fleets at a high level. Initially it was divided into four Air fleets (Luftflotten) that were formed geographically and were numbered consecutively. Three more Air fleets were added later on as Germany controlled territory grew further. Each Air fleet was a self-contained entity. The leader of each was in charge of overall air operations and support activities. However a Fighter leader (Jagdfliegerführer) was in charge of all the fighter operations and reported to the chief of the Air fleet.

Each Air fleet was further divided into Air districts (Luftgaue) and Flying Corps (Fliegerkorps). Each Air district had 50 to 150 officers led by a major general. It was responsible for providing administrative and logistical structure as well as resources to each airfield. The Flying Corps on the other hand were in charge of the operation matters related to flying such as unit deployment, air traffic control, ordnance and maintenance.

Since this organization was making the ground support structure available to flying units, the flying units were freed from moving the support staff from one location to another as the unit relocated. Once the unit arrived at its new location, all the airfield staff would come under the control of the commander of that unit.

title: Oberkommando der Luftwaffe


text:
Talk:Aaron Swartz

__NOINDEX__

Disobedience Award
I think it should be mentioned.

"Disobedience Award, run by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The award was founded partly to commemorate Aaron Swartz, a former MIT student" Also:

Was Aaron the creator of Markdown?
According to the link in the page itself (first paragraph) he was not, this should be correctly stated.

PS: My bad, it just says it helped develop, which seems congruent with information elsewhere.

80.189.38.208 (talk) 11:58, 30 June 2023 (UTC)

 * The following sources indicate that Swartz co-created Markdown with Gruber, and I've cited them in the article:
 * —  Newslinger  talk   03:40, 12 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm going to suggest that this is potentially an instance of citogenesis, with the the sources you have added getting their info directly from Wikipedia itself. The wikipedia articles stated for many years that the two were co-creators.
 * John Gruber has stated on multiple occasions over the last decade that he is the sole creator:
 * > 2014: I am Markdown’s sole creator, not co-creator. I assume, you’re thinking of Aaron Swartz, whose feedback was instrumental...
 * > 2014: A huge help. My muse. And sole beta tester/feedback giver. But he wasn’t a co-creator.
 * > 2016: Probably referring to Aaron Swartz, whom Wikipedia incorrectly credited as co-creator for years.
 * > 2023: Wikipedia is wrong on that. I created Markdown. Aaron was my original muse and beta tester. He was a friend and his feedback was remarkably helpful, but he was not co-creator.
 * I appreciate your addition of WP:INDEPENDENT sources to verify the claims, however they appear to be incorrect on Swartz's involvement. Citing Gruber's self-published WP:ABOUTSELF statements should be enough to credit him on Wikipedia as the sole creator of markdown.
 * PK-WIKI (talk) 04:21, 12 January 2024 (UTC)
 * WP:ABOUTSELF does not allow self-published sources to be used for claims that are "unduly self-serving" (such as the claim that Gruber has sole authorship of a language that reliable sources describe as jointly created by both individuals) or "claims about third parties" (such as Gruber's claims about Swartz). The first source is editor James Hendler's foreword in the posthumous publication of Swartz's manuscript, which I find unlikely to be a case of citogenesis. Citogenesis can be used as an argument to cast doubt on any reliable source cited on Wikipedia that was published after the Wikipedia article was written, so I don't find that to be a compelling reason to ignore these sources. —  Newslinger  talk   04:49, 12 January 2024 (UTC)
 * PK-WIKI (talk) 04:21, 12 January 2024 (UTC)
 * WP:ABOUTSELF does not allow self-published sources to be used for claims that are "unduly self-serving" (such as the claim that Gruber has sole authorship of a language that reliable sources describe as jointly created by both individuals) or "claims about third parties" (such as Gruber's claims about Swartz). The first source is editor James Hendler's foreword in the posthumous publication of Swartz's manuscript, which I find unlikely to be a case of citogenesis. Citogenesis can be used as an argument to cast doubt on any reliable source cited on Wikipedia that was published after the Wikipedia article was written, so I don't find that to be a compelling reason to ignore these sources. —  Newslinger  talk   04:49, 12 January 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 8 April 2024
Change the year Aaron enrolled at Stanford from 2005 to 2004 in the "Early Life" section, as the cited source states he enrolled in 2004. CosmosStarlightt (talk) 03:58, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ — Sirdog (talk) 04:54, 8 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aaron Swartz