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Talk:Hammer throw

Untitled
I don't know much about this sport, but according to the article, the high point of the circle is where you want to throw the hammer, and the low point is opposite. It later says that the hammer is released at the "front" of the circle, but wouldn't that make it fly sideways and parallel to the ground rather than forwards and up into the air? 136.176.8.18 00:14, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree that the wording in this article is, shall we say, unconvincing. I think rewriting it, and providing references, would help a lot.  Cheers, Doctormatt 01:36, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Removal of external links
The external links are about athletics in general, not about hammer throw in particular. They were added by the anon user 195.3.113.7, whose only recent edits have been to add an identical inappropriate "external links" section to Long jump, Hammer throw, and 100 metres hurdles. The anon user 193.81.210.11 also added the same, identical, external links section to many other articles about individual sports. Even if some of these sites (in particular, the IAAF) contain some material somewhere applicable to the individual sports, it's not appropriate to link the main page of a site about all sports from the individual articles for each individual sport - the link should be to specific material on the site - see External_links item 14. 129.97.79.144 16:01, 12 November 2007 (UTC)
 * What do you mean by ask more politely? You are removing all external links without any significant explanation. They cannot all be spam.  The ones that might be considered spam can be directed to the relevent page.  These are useful links in my opinion. Please explain why you think each link is spam with specific reason rather than just deleting everything. David D. (Talk) 16:11, 12 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Your objection to the IAAF link makes little sense, it's the governing body of the sport. How can that be considered SPAM? Note also I'm not the only one reverting your deletions. This needs to be discussed with input from multiple authors who edit the athletics related pages. David D. (Talk) 16:14, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

 * This is the last explanation I will give you.

 * * http://www.iaaf.org/ is spam in the context of the article on hammer throw because it is about athletics in general, not about hammer throw, and was added indiscriminately to many articles.

 * * http://www.athletix.org/statistics/stats.html is spam in the context of the article on hammer throw because it is about athletics in general, not about hammer throw, and was added indiscriminately to many articles.

 * * http://www.world-masters-athletics.org/ is spam in the context of the article on hammer throw because it is about athletics in general, not about hammer throw, and was added indiscriminately to many articles.

 * * http://www.mastersathletics.net is spam in the context of the article on hammer throw because it is about athletics in general, not about hammer throw, and was added indiscriminately to many articles.

 * * http://www.alltime-athletics.com is spam in the context of the article on hammer throw because it is about athletics in general, not about hammer throw, and was added indiscriminately to many articles.

 * 129.97.79.144 16:23, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

The last explanation? This sounds like you are not willing to discuss this at all and have already acted as judge and jury. What about the other users that keep reverting you? It seems there are several people that disagree with your blanket deletion of the external links. David D. (Talk) 16:26, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

 * You owe me an apology. 129.97.79.144 16:28, 12 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Why? You refuse to discuss the issue? And before you judge me as being some supporter of SPAM see this recent edit. David D. (Talk) 16:33, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

Lysenko 2007 World Record
The IAAF has declared that it will no longer acknowledge the 2007 WR of Lysenko. I would have removed the mention of this recored, but I do not know for sure if her record of 2006 will be kept as the official WR. Anybody any idea? 62.203.154.39 (talk) 18:47, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

Hammer or Hammer?
According to the article, the hammer throw is called that because they used to use actual hammers. However, ball-and-chain weapons have always been called hammers, as in 'meteor hammer.' Is that just a coincidence? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.11.36.169 (talk) 18:07, 26 August 2011 (UTC)

Yes I believe so. The earlier Scottish style used, and still does use, a rigid shaf. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.31.62.23 (talk) 09:27, 15 August 2013 (UTC)

What is a hammer?
Following on from the previous comment... I came to this article trying to find out what a hammer consists of. Is it a metal ball on a chain? A metal ball on a stick with a handle? It must be specified somewhere in athletics competition rules. Currently all we're told is the weight and physical dimensions...

"The men's hammer weighs 16 pounds (7.257 kg) and measures 3 feet 11 3⁄4 inches (121.5 cm) in length and the women's hammer weighs 8.82 lb (4 kg) and 3 feet 11 inches (119.5 cm) in length"

82.71.0.17 (talk) 10:15, 23 December 2015 (UTC)

Weapons ban of the late 13th century
In the opening paragraph, the article states: ″the origin of the hammer throw is tied to a prohibition by King Edward I of England against Scotsmen possessing weapons during the Wars of Scottish Independence in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.″

Can someone please provide a citation for this statement?

Additionally, I would be very interested to read about whatever related material users can provide for weapons bans of this nature, and how the local populations reacted to the prohibition. I'm aware of most modern bans of the last 50 years or so, but I have very little understanding of the history of ancient bans, and what causes those bans made. Anything on the subject would be very helpful. Sawta (talk) 20:04, 11 August 2016 (UTC)

Ivan Tsikhan
"Ivan Tsikhan of Belarus also threw 86.73 on 3 July 2005 in Brest, but this was subsequent to drugs disqualification." Does this mean that he had been disqualified prior to the throw? If so, why was he allowed to compete? Or does this mean that his throw was invalidated because he tested positive for drugs at this event? --Khajidha (talk) 23:35, 13 November 2016 (UTC)
 * His doping sample, taken in 2004 was found positive on a retest in 2012, though the http://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/19116807|news report] did not specify what. He was retroactively disqualified back to 2004, which invalidated 2005 results as well. Trackinfo (talk) 23:51, 13 November 2016 (UTC)
 * I think I've rephrased it to better explain the situation. Please modify if you feel it is needed.--Khajidha (talk) 14:57, 14 November 2016 (UTC)

Description of the hammer
This article needs a description of the actual hammer used for the throw. --Khajidha (talk) 14:58, 14 November 2016 (UTC)
 * I have added a simple description. Unless you were already familiar with this event, no one would call this piece of equipment a hammer and would be thoroughly confused by pictures purporting to be of hammer throwing with no apparent hammers in them. --Khajidha (talk) 13:26, 5 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hammer throw


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/American Volunteer Forces in The War With Spain

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. DES (talk) 21:09, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

American Volunteer Forces in The War With Spain
This is a word for word copy of source material obtained from the U.S. Army Center for Military History. The author of this article freely admits this in the opening paragraph and then declares that the article itself is "copyrighted". A clear case of "What Wikipedia is Not" in that the article is a collection of source material.-Husnock 06:20, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * FOLLOWUP: According to the user who created the article, this has been moved to Wikisource. The user attempted to remove the VFD notice and blank the article, but I restored the page for the purpose of finishing the VFD and having an admin properly remove the article. -Husnock 17:17, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Looking at the notice on the bottom, I'm not sure if it's copyrighted. However, a text dump of source material like this is inappropriate. This issue is a chronic problem for this user and he has not followed the advice of other editors regarding copyright and text dumping, even after repeated warnings. -- Kjkolb 07:38, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - inappropriate as per Kjkolb. (Vote by CLW)
 * Keep and re-work the text. The topic itself is appropriate, and it is not a clear copyright violation. Trollderella 15:48, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Clearly not copy-vio (US Gov't work, and circa 1898), but primary source material. Wikipedia is not a document repository.  Maybe Transwiki-able, though. Xoloz 16:01, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Xoloz. MCB 22:39, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and transwiki if possible. Youngamerican 17:05, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete As stated in the followup, it's already on wikisource. -Haon 14:31, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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User talk:Cot~enwiki

hello I found a way to tell the truth about george bush with even with your anti free speech polacy

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Hello,

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Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Cot. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Cot~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Cot~enwiki


text:
Moratorium (entertainment)

A moratorium is the practice of suspending the sales of films on home video DVD, VHS, and Blu-ray and boxed sets after a certain period of time. Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment was famous for this practice, known as the "Disney Vault," in which it would only sporadically sell home videos of animated films in the Disney catalogue, until 2019 when a program of undeletions and re-releases ultimately restored all Disney titles into simultaneous print on home entertainment for the first time and on Disney+ streaming service. The 20th Century Fox film library (with the notable exception of The Rocky Horror Picture Show) was placed into moratorium and removed from theaters following Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox in 2019 according to a Vulture article; the decision noted the different policies between Fox, which had made most of its film archive available to theaters at all times, and Disney, which did (and does) not.

History
Disney was the first studio that put its films on moratorium. In 2002, Universal Pictures used this practice with the release of the Back to the Future DVD boxed set due to widescreen framing problems. George Lucas also used this practice with the 2004 Star Wars original trilogy DVD boxed set. However, the moratorium was lifted on Back to the Future in 2009 before the release of the 25th anniversary Blu-ray set on October 26, 2010, and on Star Wars, once Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith was released to theatres on May 19, 2005, and releasing the original theatrical versions of the original trilogy on DVD on September 12, 2006.

Controls
Disney itself stated that the practice of moratorium was done to both control their market and to allow Disney films to be fresh for new generations of young children.

The practice of moratorium has been frowned upon by consumers because it forces higher sale prices. A normal DVD that is sold under moratorium can sell at retail for a very high price relative to the general run of DVDs. However, prices are known to drop near the end of the issue. In the past, a moratorium created urgency for people interested in a film to obtain it before it became unavailable. A side effect of the moratorium process was the fact that videos and DVDs of films, once they are placed on moratorium, would become collector's items. Additional unintended side-effects to the practice of moratorium had made films a prime target for internet piracy and bootleg sales.

title: Moratorium (entertainment)


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Half-Windsor knot

The half-Windsor knot, also known as the single Windsor knot, is a way of tying a necktie which produces a neat, triangular knot. It is larger than the four-in-hand knot and Pratt knot, but smaller than the Windsor knot. The half-Windsor is derived from the Windsor in that it is only brought up around the loop on one side rather than both. It works well with light- and medium-weight fabrics.

title: Half-Windsor knot


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Category:University of South Florida

The University of South Florida, or USF, is a public university with campuses in Tampa, St. Petersburg and Sarasota, Florida.

title: Category:University of South Florida


text: Category:Korean organisations

title: Category:Korean organisations


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Brian Spencer

Brian Roy "Spinner" Spencer (September 3, 1949 – June 3, 1988) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played ten seasons in the National Hockey League for the Buffalo Sabres, Toronto Maple Leafs, New York Islanders and Pittsburgh Penguins.

Career
Brian Spencer was drafted in the fifth round, 55th overall by the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 1969 NHL Entry Draft. On December 12, 1970, when Spencer was called up to play with the Leafs in what was his first NHL game on television, he telephoned his father Roy in British Columbia to tell him to watch the game that night on Hockey Night in Canada. Spencer was to be interviewed between periods of the game. However, a game featuring the Vancouver Canucks versus the California Golden Seals was aired instead. Infuriated, Roy Spencer drove 135 km to Prince George, where the closest TV station, CKPG-TV (then a CBC Television affiliate), is located. When he arrived, he ordered station staff, at gunpoint, to broadcast the Maple Leafs game or, if no feed was available, to turn off the hockey entirely. The station complied, but as Roy Spencer left the station, he was confronted by the RCMP. After a brief stand-off Roy Spencer was shot and killed.

After several seasons with Toronto and the New York Islanders, Spencer was acquired by the Buffalo Sabres. Spencer had his best offensive production in a Sabres uniform when he scored 41 points (12 goals, 29 assists) in 1974–75. Spencer played well in Buffalo and was extremely popular with the fans at Buffalo's Memorial Auditorium. His hustle, aggressive play, and hitting ability were things the fans admired. Spencer developed into a solid two-way player, and participated in the 1975 Stanley Cup Finals with the Sabres, who were ultimately defeated by the Philadelphia Flyers, 4 games to 2. He was, however, traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins in September 1977.

His offensive production declined as he took on the role of a checking forward with the Penguins. Spencer's last NHL season came in 1978–79 when he played seven games for Pittsburgh. He then finished his playing career in the AHL (Binghamton, Springfield and Hershey) and retired after the 1979–80 season.

Death
After hockey, Spencer submerged himself in a life of alcohol and violence. In 1987, he was charged with kidnapping and murder and faced the death penalty. Family and friends, including ex-teammates, gathered around him and tried to help. A former teammate from the Sabres, Rick Martin, tried to help by testifying as a character witness at his trial. The jury returned a not guilty verdict in March 1988 and Spencer vowed to change his life. Despite the acquittal and a move to Florida, Spencer's life continued to spiral out of control. Three months later, Spencer died under similar circumstances to his father; he was fatally shot in a robbery following a crack cocaine purchase in Riviera Beach, Florida.

Spencer was survived by five children from two marriages, and his twin brother, Byron.

A book on Brian's life Gross Misconduct: The Life of Spinner Spencer, written by Martin O'Malley, was adapted in 1993 by Paul Gross and directed by Atom Egoyan into a made-for-television film in Canada, Gross Misconduct: The Life of Brian Spencer.

In 1999, Spencer's daughter and grandson were killed in a car accident in Oklahoma.

title: Brian Spencer


text: User talk:80.227.58.5

title: User talk:80.227.58.5


text: Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/Failed log/October 2005


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John Litel

John Beach Litel (December 30, 1892 – February 3, 1972) was an American film and television actor.

Early life
Litel was born in Albany, Wisconsin. During World War I, he enlisted in the French Army and was twice decorated for bravery. Back in the U.S. after the war, Litel enrolled in the American Academy of Dramatic Arts and began his stage career.

Career
His Broadway credits include Sweet Aloes (1935), Hell Freezes Over (1935), Life's Too Short (1935), Strange Gods (1932), Before Morning (1932), Lilly Turner (1932), Ladies of Creation (1931), Back Seat Drivers (1928), The Half Naked Truth (1926), The Beaten Track (1925), Thoroughbreds (1924), and Irene (1919).

In 1929, he began appearing in films. Part of the "Warner Bros. Stock Company" beginning in the 1930s, he appeared in dozens of Warner Bros. films and was in over 200 films during his entire career. He often played supporting roles such as hard-nosed cops and district attorneys. He was Nancy Drew's (Bonita Granville) attorney father, Carson Drew, in four films in 1938 and 1939. Among his other films are They Drive by Night (1940); Knute Rockne, All American (1940); They Died with Their Boots On (1941); and Scaramouche (1952). His final film role was in Nevada Smith (1966).

In the second season of the Disney series Zorro, he played the governor of California in several episodes. During 1960 and 1961, he was seen as Dan Murchison in nine episodes of the ABC Western television series, Stagecoach West, starring Wayne Rogers and Robert Bray.

He appeared in many other series as well, including the role of Captain David Rowland in the episode "Don't Get Tough with a Sailor" on the ABC/Desilu Western series The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp starring Hugh O'Brian. In the story line, Rowland, a former captain in the United States Navy, is a wealthy Arizona Territory rancher who operates his own law and private jail near the Mexican border.

Litel appeared in an episode of I Love Lucy, “Mr. and Mrs. T.V. Show”, airing November 1, 1954.

He appeared as Mr. Crenshaw in the episode "The Giant Killer" of the Western series Sugarfoot.

Litel also appeared as Bob Cummings's boss Mr. Thackery in the TV series The Bob Cummings Show in the early/mid-1950s. Cummings played Robert S. Beanblossom on the show.

Death
Litel died at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles in 1972.

Selected filmography

 * Always Faithful (1929, Short) as Wayne
 * On the Border (1930) as Dave
 * Wayward (1932) as Robert 'Bob' Daniels
 * Fugitive in the Sky (1936) as Mike Phelan - aka Roger Johnson
 * Give Me Liberty (1936, Short) as Patrick Henry
 * Black Legion (1937) as Tommy Smith
 * Midnight Court (1937) as Victor Shanley
 * Marked Woman (1937) as Gordon
 * Slim (1937) as Wyatt Ranstead
 * The Life of Emile Zola (1937) as Charpentier
 * Back in Circulation (1937) as Dr. Eugene Forde
 * Alcatraz Island (1937) as Garrett Sloane aka 'Gat' Brady
 * The Man Without a Country (1937, Short) as Lt. Philip Nolan
 * Missing Witnesses (1937) as Inspector Robedrt L. Lane
 * Gold is Where You Find It (1938) as Ralph Ferris
 * A Slight Case of Murder (1938) as Post
 * Jezebel (1938) as Jean La Cour
 * Love, Honor and Behave (1938) as Jim Blake
 * Over the Wall (1938) as Father Neil Connor
 * Little Miss Thoroughbred (1938) as Nelson 'Nails' Morgan
 * My Bill (1938) as John Rudlin
 * The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse (1938) as Mr. Monroe, the prosecuting attorney
 * Valley of the Giants (1938) as Hendricks
 * Broadway Musketeers (1938) as Stanley 'Stan' Dowling
 * Nancy Drew... Detective (1938) as Carson Drew
 * Declaration of Independence (1938, Short) as Thomas Jefferson
 * Comet Over Broadway (1938) as Bill Appleton
 * Wings of the Navy (1939) as Commander Clark
 * Nancy Drew... Reporter (1939) as Carson Drew
 * Secret Service of the Air (1939) as Saxby
 * You Can't Get Away with Murder (1939) as Attorney Carey
 * Dodge City (1939) as Matt Cole
 * On Trial (1939) as Robert Strickland
 * Nancy Drew... Trouble Shooter (1939) as Carson Drew
 * Nancy Drew and the Hidden Staircase (1939) as Carson Drew
 * Dust Be My Destiny (1939) as Prosecutor
 * On Dress Parade (1939) as Col. Michael Riker
 * One Hour to Live (1939) as Rudolph Spain
 * The Return of Doctor X (1939) as Dr. Francis Flegg
 * A Child Is Born (1939) as Dr. Brett
 * The Fighting 69th (1940) as Capt. Mangan
 * Castle on the Hudson (1940) as Chaplain
 * Virginia City (1940) as Thomas Marshall
 * It All Came True (1940) as "Doc" Roberts
 * An Angel from Texas (1940) as Quigley
 * Flight Angels (1940) as Dr. Barclay
 * Men Without Souls (1940) as Reverend Thomas Storm
 * Murder in the Air (1940) as Saxby
 * Gambling on the High Seas (1940) as U.S. District Attorney
 * The Man Who Talked Too Much (1940) as District Attorney Dickson
 * They Drive by Night (1940) as Harry McNamara
 * Money and the Woman (1940) as Jerremy 'Jerry ' Helm, Bank Manager
 * Knute Rockne, All American (1940) as Committee Chairman
 * Father is a Prince (1940) as Dr. Mark Stone
 * Lady with Red Hair (1940) as Charles Bryant
 * Santa Fe Trail (1940) as Martin
 * Father's Son (1941) as William Emory
 * The Trial of Mary Dugan (1941) as Mr. West
 * The Great Mr. Nobody (1941) as John Wade
 * The Big Boss (1941) as Bob Dugan
 * Thieves Fall Out (1941) as Tim Gordon
 * Henry Aldrich for President (1941) as Mr. Aldrich
 * They Died with Their Boots On (1941) as General Phil Sheridan
 * Sealed Lips (1942) as Fred M. Morton / Mike Rofano
 * Don Winslow of the Navy (1942) as Spencer Merlin
 * Kid Glove Killer (1942) as Matty
 * Mississippi Gambler (1942) as Jim Hadley aka Francis Carvel
 * The Mystery of Marie Roget (1942) as Beauvais
 * A Desperate Chance for Ellery Queen (1942) as Norman Hadley
 * Henry and Dizzy (1942) as Mr. Aldrich
 * Men of Texas (1942) as Colonel Colbert Scott
 * Invisible Agent (1942) as John Gardiner
 * Henry Aldrich, Editor (1942) as Mr. Sam Aldrich
 * The Boss of Big Town (1942) as Michael Lynn
 * Madame Spy (1942) as Peter Rolf
 * Murder in Times Square (1943) as Dr. Blaine
 * Henry Aldrich Gets Glamour (1943) as Mr. Sam Aldrich
 * Crime Doctor (1943) as Emilio Caspari
 * Henry Aldrich Swings It (1943) as Mr. Sam Aldrich
 * Submarine Base (1943) as James Xavier 'Jim' Taggart
 * So Proudly We Hail! (1943) as Dr. Harrison
 * Henry Aldrich Haunts a House (1943) as Mr. Sam Aldrich
 * Where Are Your Children? (1943) as Judge Edmonds
 * Henry Aldrich, Boy Scout (1944) as Mr. Sam Aldrich
 * Henry Aldrich Plays Cupid (1944) as Mr. Sam Aldrich
 * Henry Aldrich's Little Secret (1944) as Mr. Sam Aldrich
 * My Buddy (1944) as Father Jim Donnelly
 * Murder in the Blue Room (1944) as Frank Baldrich
 * Faces in the Fog (1944) as Dr. Mason
 * Lake Placid Serenade (1944) as Walter Benda
 * Brewster's Millions (1945) as Swearengen Jones
 * Salome, Where She Danced (1945) as Gen. Lee
 * Crime Doctor's Warning (1945) as Inspector Dawes
 * The Crimson Canary (1945) as Roger Quinn
 * Northwest Trail (1945) as Sergeant Means
 * The Daltons Ride Again (1945) as Mitchael J. 'Mike' Bohannon
 * The Enchanted Forest (1945) as Ed Henderson
 * San Antonio (1945) as Charlie Bell
 * The Madonna's Secret (1946) as Police Lt. Roberts
 * Smooth as Silk (1946) as Stephen Elliott
 * Night in Paradise (1946) as Archon
 * She Wrote the Book (1946) as Dean Fowler
 * The Return of Rusty (1946) as Hugh Mitchell
 * Sister Kenny (1946) as Medical Director
 * Swell Guy (1946) as Arthur Tyler
 * Lighthouse (1947) as Hank Armitage
 * Easy Come, Easy Go (1947) as Tom Clancy
 * The Beginning or the End (1947) as K.T. Keller
 * The Guilty (1947) as Alex Tremholt
 * Heaven Only Knows (1947) as Reverend Wainwright
 * Christmas Eve (1947) as Joe Bland, FBI Agent
 * Cass Timberlane (1947) as Webb Wargate
 * My Dog Rusty (1948) as Hugh Mitchell
 * Smart Woman (1948) as Clark
 * I, Jane Doe (1948) as Horton
 * Key Largo (1948) as Dispatcher (uncredited)
 * Pitfall (1948) as District Attorney
 * Triple Threat (1948) as Coach Snyder
 * Rusty Leads the Way (1948) as Hugh Mitchell
 * The Valiant Hombre (1948) as Lon Lansdell
 * Rusty Saves a Life (1949) as Hugh Mitchell
 * Shamrock Hill (1949)  as Ralph Judson
 * Outpost in Morocco (1949) as Col. Pascal
 * The Gal Who Took the West (1949) as Colonel Logan
 * Rusty's Birthday (1949) as Hugh Mitchell
 * Mary Ryan, Detective (1949) as Police Captain Billings
 * The Sundowners (1950) as John Gall
 * Woman in Hiding (1950) as John Chandler
 * Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye (1950) as Police Chief Sam Tolgate
 * The Fuller Brush Girl (1950) as Mr. Watkins
 * Cuban Fireball (1951) as Pomeroy Sr.
 * The Groom Wore Spurs (1951) as Uncle George
 * The Texas Rangers (1951) as Texas Ranger Major John B. Jones
 * Take Care of My Little Girl (1951) as John Erickson (uncredited)
 * Little Egypt (1951) as Shuster
 * Two-Dollar Bettor (1951) as John Hewitt
 * Flight to Mars (1951) as Dr. Lane
 * Jet Job (1952) as Sam Bentley
 * Scaramouche (1952) as Dr. Dubuque
 * Montana Belle (1952) as Matt Towner
 * Jack Slade (1953) as Judge Davidson
 * Sitting Bull (1954) as Gen. Wilford Howell
 * Double Jeopardy (1955) as Emmett Devery
 * The Kentuckian (1955) as Pleasant Tuesday Babson
 * Texas Lady (1955) as Meade Moore
 * The Wild Dakotas (1956) as Morgan Wheeler
 * Comanche (1956) as Gen. Nelson A. Miles
 * Runaway Daughters (1956) as George Barton
 * The Hired Gun (1957) as Mace Beldon
 * Decision at Sundown (1957) as Charles Summerton
 * Houseboat (1958) as Mr. William Farnsworth
 * The Restless Gun (1958) Episode "A Bell for Santo Domingo"
 * Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961) as Vice-Adm. B.J. Crawford
 * Pocketful of Miracles (1961) as Police Inspector McCrary
 * Lover Come Back (1961) as Williams, Ad Council Board Member (uncredited)
 * The Gun Hawk (1963) as Drunk - Madden's father
 * The Sons of Katie Elder (1965) as Minister
 * Nevada Smith (1966) as Doctor

title: John Litel


text:
Bawu

The bawu (also ba wu) is a Chinese wind instrument. Although shaped like a flute, it is actually a free reed instrument, with a single metal reed. It is played in a transverse (horizontal) manner. It has a pure, clarinet-like timbre and its playing technique incorporates the use of much ornamentation, particularly bending tones.

The bawu likely originated in the Yunnan province of southwest China, it has become a standard instrument throughout China, used in modern Chinese compositions for traditional instrument ensembles. The instrument is also closely associated with Hmong, Yi, Hani and other minority cultures in southwestern China. It is typically used as a solo instrument, and is often featured in film scores; it is sometimes also heard in popular music recordings.

Although the bawu is still predominantly performed in China, it has in recent years been adopted by European composers and performers. Rohan Leach from England, Raphael De Cock from Belgium, Seán Mac Erlaine from Ireland and Herman Witkam from the Netherlands have all taken the instrument in new directions. The musician Guo Yue, who now resides in England, has long promoted the instrument and plays it on all of his recordings.

This type of instrument is also used during Chinese New Years by the Taiwanese people next to mainland China.

Design and construction
The bawu is a free-reed aerophone with a cylindrical bore, made of a tube of bamboo closed off at one end by a natural node. Near the closed end, a small square hole is cut and a thin reed of bronze or copper is fastened, with a low plastic or bone mouthpiece around it. This reed is essentially a very thin sheet of metal with a long and narrow isosceles triangle cut into it, which is bent slightly outwards at rest. When the instrument is blown, this thin triangle moves back and forth rapidly through the space left in the metal sheet from which it was cut, like a swinging door. This vibration sets the air column in the instrument in rapid periodic motion, creating sound. The mouth does not contact the reed. Seven or eight finger-holes are positioned 90 degrees out of line with the reed, though this is adjustable in the common two-piece instruments provided with a metal tenon. The bawu typically has a range of an eleventh: on an instrument in "G" (according to Chinese custom the note with three upper finger holes down) this range is from B to E. The range is often misreported as a ninth, omitting two underblown notes. Instruments with mechanical keys are available (usually not in natural bamboo whose irregular shape would complicate construction), which expands the range upwards, or upwards and downwards a few notes. For a diatonic scale, the lower two notes are in the fundamental mode of the reed, and the rest of the range is overblown, exciting the vibratory mode of the resonating pipe. The lowest scale degree, and the lowest overblown note are a minor third apart and fingered the same way; this unusually narrow overblowing behavior suggests the instrument has some irregular overtones outside of the standard harmonic series.

The lowest part of the bawu range is very rich in upper harmonics, the lowest of which have amplitudes almost equivalent to that of the fundamental frequency. This results in a rather buzzing timbre that is vaguely harmonica-like and in terms of sound spectrum very typical of free-reed instruments. As successively higher notes are fingered, the upper harmonics are gradually extinguished; the even harmonics are disproportionately affected, resulting in an odd-harmonic-dominated sound in the upper range similar to the clarinet both in terms of spectrum characteristics and subjective tone color. The underblown notes are close to the fundamental frequency of the reed, but the overblown notes are slightly sharp of the fundamental frequency of the air column, suggesting relatively complex acoustics.

The player can initiate sound by either inhaling or exhaling, similar to the sheng. However, the upper notes will not speak and some of the lower notes are out of tune when inhaling.

This design is very similar to the Thai Pi so, common in piphat ensembles and the Hmong raj nplaim.

Video

 * Bawu video
 * 'vertical Bawu' video

title: Bawu


text: User talk:134.117.137.173

title: User talk:134.117.137.173


text:
Category:Motorcycle technology

 * The main category is: Motorcycles

title: Category:Motorcycle technology


text:
Talk:Twelve Tribes communities

Cult
The 12 tribes is not an actual religion or a spirituality but it is a cult. Do a google search for 'twelve tribes cult' and you'll see how this group is actually a cult. The fact that this is a cult should be mentioned in the article.71.185.240.247 (talk) 05:57, 3 July 2013 (UTC)
 * A cult is, by definition, a religious movement, the only difference being that the word "cult" carries negative connotations. Therefore, to maintain a neutral point of view in the article, the word "cult" should be avoided. The information in the "controversies" section should be satisfactory. —Will(B) 01:06, 1 September 2013 (UTC)

It is a high control group, requiring absolute adherence to the groups belief system without compromise, and where questioning the group belief system is considered "a sin unto death", and will lead ultimately to expulsion from the group without support. This is the direct experience of nearly everyone who's lived in the community and since left or been "sent away". It's a cult. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.199.144.175 (talk) 06:33, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

 * "High control group" is a matter of opinion and is not included as the definition of "cult" by any key sources, such as Merriam Webster, Dictionary.com, the Cambridge Dictionary, Wikipedia, or New World Encyclopedia . There also doesn't seem to be a source that claims questioning the group is considered a "sin unto death" or that it will lead to members getting expelled without support. On the contrary, the community claims that a "sin unto death" is "go[ing] on sinning after coming to a knowledge of the truth".

 * The word "cult" is a derogatory term that suggests a personal bias, and there is no reason why the neutral academic term of "new religious movement" should not be used instead. Theobvioushero (talk) 19:26, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

By its own admission, the Twelve Tribes is a cult. They have publicly stated to the media that (a) definition of cult is a group following a central leader. They claim that all follow the messiah. Therefore classification as a cult should be a non-isssue, as both sides agree they are a cult, but just not on the definition of cult. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Thespecialistofshell (talk • contribs) 01:32, 14 February 2017 (UTC)

 * Even if they did claim this, this definition of "cult" does not reflect the definition in common use, so the word "cult" should still be rejected, as it carries certain assumptions to the average reader that the community would disagree with.

 * However, it seems unlikely that the Twelve Tribes ever did admit to being a cult, since no source seems to confirm this claim. Instead, the community explicitly denies that they are a cult . In addition, they have, on numerous occasions, explicitly denounced being characterized as a cult by others  . Because of this, it is safe to say that not only is the term "cult" derogatory and unacademic, but is most likely a term that the community rejects as well. Theobvioushero (talk) 19:26, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2018/darkness 85.194.9.156 (talk) 22:54, 12 February 2019 (UTC)

 * Someone has to be a cult. If this isn’t one then there’s no cults and we should remove the Wikipedia page for “cult” since they don’t exist. Just noticed that there was an edit war 20 hours ago, in which a user having a name starting with B and ending with G, and who has engaged in a lot of edits favorable to the group, removed the cult designation again.

160.20.230.23 (talk) 15:58, 13 August 2023 (UTC)

Infobox
Per your recent edit here : I totally understand your logic, and I don't necessarily disagree in theory. If we were making correct of main_classification, the only possibilities are really Catholic, Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, or Restorationist. What's left in there now (Messianic Judaism and Chrisitan fundamentalism) is their theological orientation (orientation). Academics identify them as a NRM, so their main classification is somewhat "non-standard". If anything, they should be (ideally) NRM for main_classification or (alternatively) Restorationist, with Messianic Judaism and/or Christian fundamentalism as orientation. Any thoughts or input? Butler Blog  (talk) 13:43, 16 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Messianic Judaism & Christian fundamentalism seem appropriate based on what I've read so far. "NRM" isn't a classification or an orientation. According to Template:Infobox Christian denomination's examples:
 * Keep in mind that the infobox's name is "Christian denomination", so I would expect Christian-ish labels to go here. "New Religious Movement" isn't in the same sort of category/ballpark.As for "academics", note that new religious movement scholars are often simply involved in researching how a group's doctrine fits or doesn't fit into their definition of what a religion is. Neither their lack of calling a group a cult, nor their calling a group an NRM, means a group isn't a cult. I don't see any need to put "NRM" in the infobox unless you're deliberately trying to push the viewpoint that Twelve Tribes is an NRM to the exclusion of being a cult. "Cult" and "NRM" are not mutually exclusive. The recent edit war over cult vs NRM has not escaped my notice. I don't think at this point we should be making any definitive statement on the matter in WP:WIKIVOICE, and definitely not in the infobox. Grorp (talk) 02:12, 17 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Keep in mind that the infobox's name is "Christian denomination" Yes, it is, and this group is not a denomination. Therefore, you've got to give some leeway in how the infobox is used, since it is primarily set up for legitimate denominations, not NRMs (or cults).  But whatever... I'm not married to it.  I do, however, take strong exception to your suggestion of POV-pushing.   Butler Blog   (talk) 04:31, 17 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Keep in mind that the infobox's name is "Christian denomination", so I would expect Christian-ish labels to go here. "New Religious Movement" isn't in the same sort of category/ballpark.As for "academics", note that new religious movement scholars are often simply involved in researching how a group's doctrine fits or doesn't fit into their definition of what a religion is. Neither their lack of calling a group a cult, nor their calling a group an NRM, means a group isn't a cult. I don't see any need to put "NRM" in the infobox unless you're deliberately trying to push the viewpoint that Twelve Tribes is an NRM to the exclusion of being a cult. "Cult" and "NRM" are not mutually exclusive. The recent edit war over cult vs NRM has not escaped my notice. I don't think at this point we should be making any definitive statement on the matter in WP:WIKIVOICE, and definitely not in the infobox. Grorp (talk) 02:12, 17 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Keep in mind that the infobox's name is "Christian denomination" Yes, it is, and this group is not a denomination. Therefore, you've got to give some leeway in how the infobox is used, since it is primarily set up for legitimate denominations, not NRMs (or cults).  But whatever... I'm not married to it.  I do, however, take strong exception to your suggestion of POV-pushing.   Butler Blog   (talk) 04:31, 17 August 2023 (UTC)

POV issues
I have tagged the article with POV and Third-party, as a catch-all for all the others I really wanted to use.

Looking through the citations, there are 17 uses of twelvetribes.org (the subject's own website), and 43 uses of Susan Palmer writings (all glowing, supportive, and defensive of the subject group) — too much WP:ABOUTSELF and too much one-sided POV.

There is much content in the article on the order of "we're not a cult, they called us a cult, we're not a cult", but content that describes it as a cult and its associated reliable sources have been omitted or seriously downplayed. The article is instead full of WP:MANDY. The heavy emphasis on "defensiveness" language suggests there are numerous other reliable sources available, though I'm not seeing them in this article... yet. Grorp (talk) 01:32, 17 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I agree with your assessment; there is far too much reliance on primary-sourced material from the organisation itself. I wondered whether there are scholarly sources that characterise the group as a cult in authorial voice – the answer is yes e.g..
 * There are of course news organisations and other sources that use the same characterisation. There is a strong case for using this term alongside the term “NRM” in the opening. Cambial — foliar❧ 07:34, 17 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Much of the defensive sources are from the 80s or 90s (Wright comes to mind), while there have been several serious incidents 20 and 30 years later. Thanks for pointing out the 2019 source.
 * I had found whitewashed language, like apprenticing "teenagers" to "trades" (letting the reader think 16-18 year olds learning carpentry or welding) when the source said they are apprenticed "by 13" for "crafts and specialized labor" (whatever that means). Or Swantko's wheelbarrow-and-lightbulb defensiveness (MANDY) in the face of an actual government sanction after inspection. We don't know the details; was the work being performed too late at night for a 15-yr-old? Surely it was just a ticket/fine and not a criminal charge; doesn't need a defense, just pay the fine and stop working kids after certain hours. Too much defensiveness is just icky. Such content spin/emphasis portends finding other serious POV problems. I haven't even read the whole thing yet. I suppose DUE/UNDUE should be considered when reading the article as a whole. Grorp (talk) 08:28, 17 August 2023 (UTC)
 * It's worth quoting from scholarship which discusses precisely this issue:
 * Cambial — foliar❧ 09:07, 17 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I have done some cleanup. I still think that based on and others we can call it a cult in Wiki voice or at least note in the lead that it is identified as a cult. "Some government and advocacy groups have labeled it a cult" really doesn't cut it when a major newspaper calls them a cult as a statement of fact. Or there's Twelve Tribes: A Black father’s struggle to pull his child from the racist cult" - no hedge or caveat there, no framing as opinion, this is something their lawyers said could be stated as fact without qualification or scare quotes.
 * I've heard that most of the younger members have left. Does anyone know if that's true?
 * Incidentally, there's a couple of episodes of Behind The Bastards on this lot. 82.21.177.66 (talk) 13:54, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Incidentally, there's a couple of episodes of Behind The Bastards on this lot. 82.21.177.66 (talk) 13:54, 9 September 2023 (UTC)

Some years ago this page was marked by Wikipedia as having issues. A user @Tim Kroelermade a lot of this article while being a member. It reads like a PR piece with some attempts at neutrality parsed on where a random editor attempted to fix something. Thanks for bringing this up here. 12.16.115.131 (talk) 09:50, 19 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Struck through sock of Bagofscrews. Doug Weller  talk 07:27, 25 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Some of these SPS were added by myself. These are however sources on their business operations and so are entirely different. Different subjects. I hope you don't intend to remove such unrelated material. Invasive Spices (talk) 18:32, 22 August 2023 (UTC)

Archiving
You immediately swapped out the archival tool I set up  before it even had a chance to run a cycle. But your archiving bot isn't picking up the two old threads (2014 & 2016), whereas I know the archive bot I set up would have done so. I'm changing it back. Please let it run through its cycle at least once. Grorp (talk) 01:54, 25 August 2023 (UTC)

 * My apologies on the mixup. It was not intentional actually.  When I made my edit, I honestly did not even notice the edit history and that you had actually just implemented archiving.  I was looking at the wikimarkup alone and thinking that it wasn't archiving (which of course it wasn't because it was just set up).  A total snafu on my part and I can see from your perspective it may have seemed like I was trying to undo your bot setup, which was not the case at all.  So please completely ignore that mess and proceed as needed with your bot config.   Butler Blog   (talk) 02:26, 25 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Holy cow, that bot is on the ball! I thought it would take 24 hours, but it just ran and archived those two old threads. Thanks for the explanation. How about we leave it as it is. Grorp (talk) 02:58, 25 August 2023 (UTC)
 * That's great! Well, if it ain't broke, don't fix it, right? (So I won't try to ;-) )   Butler Blog   (talk) 12:31, 25 August 2023 (UTC)

Unverified tag
(Several times now?) you have reverted my "unverified" tag (with no explanation from you), so I looked even closer. This is what I found.

Although the source given (when translated from German to English) says "Sociologist of religion Susan Palmer showed that after the police raids in September 2013, the doctors found no evidence of ill-treatment," the source is from APA-OTS which is a distributor of press releases (like PR Newswire). See their impressum. So I went to the source (given by link at the bottom of original citation) which is a redirect (http://www.ots.at/redirect/foref2) to. Not currently available, but is available through wayback machine. That leads to the old website for FOREF Europe (foref.info). I see they have a new website https://foref-europe.org/ which fortunately is in English.

FOREF Europe is an advocacy group for freedom of religion. Per WP:PRSOURCE, I really don't think this press release is a reliable source for repeating verbatim the English-translation version "Sociologist of religion Susan Palmer pointed out that the doctors found no evidence of mistreatment in September 2013 following the police raids."

Also, since "the European Court of Human Rights upheld the German move to take away the children from the sect", then Palmer's statement hints of WP:MANDY and probably shouldn't be mentioned in the article at all. (This English FOREF document shows their activism and ideas on this incident in all its POV glory. Also not a reliable source to use in Wikipedia, but interesting all the same.) Though there may not have been "marks" on the children at the time of the raid, there were routine canings on the children prior, which is why they were picked up in the first place.

Analogy: If I smack you today and it makes a pink handprint on your cheek, but it's not there tomorrow, does that mean I cannot be arrested tomorrow for assault because you no longer have any remaining mark on your face?

Mentioning this "single point in time" statement from Palmer is WP:UNDUE and I don't think the wiki article would be lacking if the sentence were removed altogether. Grorp (talk) 00:49, 1 September 2023 (UTC)

 * The tag you used is, and I did explain why I removed it in my edit summary - the source says verbatim what was being cited in the article.  Based on all the other things you noted, along with the fact that my edit summary was unclear to you, I think maybe you're using the wrong tag for your purpose.  You have to make sure you're using the right tags if you want other editors to know what you're intending to convey - whether that's that a better source is needed, that it's not a reliable source, etc.  As far as everything else you noted, while I would probably disagree that it is UNDUE, but I would agree that it probably doesn't matter one way or the other whether it's removed.  If it is in fact a press release, then it really should be, as that's not really a useable source.  I'll leave that up to you as to whether you want to remove it or retag it (with a more appropriate tag); but as far as marking it as failed verification, the source cited says what is in the article, so it should not be tagged (at least with that particular tag).   Butler Blog   (talk) 01:26, 1 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Yes. It wasn't until after I'd drafted the above message, and then posted it, that I saw you'd made another edit which had an explanation. (Two ships passing in the night.) I didn't look back on earlier edits, but I could have sworn this was earlier cited to a book which just didn't mention it (hence unverif) and since today it wasn't a book that's why I went diving. No worries. Today's "deep dig" showed it was likely sourced to an unreliable source anyway, so I will remove the sentence and citation since I don't think it adds any value to the story. Grorp (talk) 01:42, 1 September 2023 (UTC) Argh. Sometimes I'm just blind. I just didn't see your edit summary, sorry. Grorp (talk) 01:44, 1 September 2023 (UTC)
 * No problem!  Butler Blog   (talk) 03:09, 1 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Twelve Tribes communities


text:
User talk:Arjay369

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Proposed deletion of Washout (comics)

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title: User talk:Arjay369


text:
J. O. M. Roberts

Lieutenant Colonel James Owen Merion Roberts MVO MBE MC (21 September 1916 – 1 November 1997) was one of the greatest Himalayan mountaineer-explorers of the twentieth century; a highly decorated British Army officer who achieved his greatest renown as "the father of trekking" in Nepal. His exploratory activities are comparable to those of Eric Shipton and Bill Tilman.

Born in Gujarat, India on 21 September 1916 to Henry and Helen Roberts, Roberts spent his early life in India, where his father was a headmaster. After attending King's School, Canterbury and then the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, he was commissioned onto the Unattached List for the Indian Army in August 1936 as a 19-year-old subaltern to satisfy his ardent craving for mountaineering. After a probationary year attached to the 1st Battalion, the East Yorkshire Regiment in India, he was posted to the 1st battalion, 1st (King George V's Own) Gurkha Rifles in November 1937.

His first major expedition was the J. Waller-led attempt in 1938 on Masherbrum, 7890 metres, in the Karakorams: the weather was bad, the attempt was unsuccessful and J.B. Harrison and R.A. Hodgkin got severely frostbitten. Roberts himself suffered at high altitude and suffered mild frostbite.

He tried to join the post-monsoon 1939 Everest expedition led by Bill Tilman, but the attempt was called off. That year, he recorded the first of his many first ascents, that of Guan Nelda, 6303 metres (now called Chau Chau Kang Nilda) in the Spiti Himalaya. The ascent was remarkable for something which became a Roberts hallmark: he climbed without any other "sahib" for company, accompanied only by his Gurkhas. In this he was the true successor of the legendary Dr. A. M. Kellas who had climbed in the same fashion in Sikkim before 1914.

He was selected for the abortive 1940 Everest expedition.

The second major first ascent by Roberts was the 1941 climb of the 6431 metres/21,100 peak locally called Dharmsura in the Tos Glacier of Kullu Himalaya. He named it White Sail.

Military career
After serving with the 1st battalion, 1st Gurkhas in North Africa, he returned to India and joined the 153 (Gurkha) Indian Para Battalion. He was dropped into North Burma on 3 July 1942 at the head of a small force to survey the Myitkyina area and then march 150 miles North to Fort Hertz. Roberts's party reached Fort Hertz in early August and discovered it was still in British hands. On 13 August, a party led by Capt. G.E.C. Newlands of 153 Para dropped in on Fort Hertz with engineering supplies and the hitherto-unusable airfield at Fort Hertz was made operational by 20 August. Roberts and his men were extracted around that date. For this operation he was awarded the Military Cross.

As Major commanding 'A' Company of the 153 (Gurkha) Para Battalion, he took part in the 50th Para Brigade defence of Sangshak in 1944 against the Japanese thrust towards Kohima. The defence of Sangshak was portrayed by some in the Army High Command as not having been exemplary and Brigadier Hope-Thompson, in local command, took the punishment for that. However Slim, the 14th Army Commander personally sent a dispatch praising the bravery of those involved in the six days and nights of hand-to-hand fighting by a force outnumbered by 18 to 1. In fact the action is noted for the highest number of awards for gallantry issued by the Indian Army for a single action. Roberts fought well. The book about the battle by Harry Seaman has a photograph of him.

He led the first combat paratrooper jump in Southeast Asia on 1 May 1945, dropping with a battalion-size force at Elephant Point, South of Rangoon as part of the operation to capture that city, and was mentioned in Despatches.

After the war he transferred to the British Army's Brigade of Gurkhas and was posted in Malaya until 1954. He was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in May 1955 for service in Malaya and made Member of the Royal Victorian Order in 1961.

He went to Kathmandu in 1958 as military attaché. He retired from the British Army in 1962 as a lieutenant colonel.

Postwar climbing career highlights

 * 1946 Eastern Karakorams, reconnaissance (sometimes abbreviated recce) of the Saser Kangri massif. First ascent of Lookout Peak, c. 6142 metres/20150, and Stundok Peak, c.6100 metres/20012 ft. His recce report was the basis on which the successful 1973 Indian expedition to Saser Kangri I, 7672 metres / 25170 feet, opted for a change of approach route from West to East that turned out to be the key to success.
 * 1950 The most glorious chapter in Roberts' mountaineering career began with the opening up of Nepal in the 1950s. Roberts was asked to join a team led by Bill Tilman to the Annapurna massif in 1950. The expedition was 'ill-organised and badly led' and failed to climb even Annapurna IV, but Roberts saw a lot of the Nepalese mountainscape, seen earlier by only very few people like Toni Hagen and Oleg Polunin. The vale of Pokhara came as an Elysian discovery to Roberts. The same year saw the opening of the successful campaign against the 8000 metre peaks with the French achieving the ascent of Annapurna I.
 * 1953 Roberts hoped to be invited to join the 1953 Everest team, but found his hopes fulfilled in a disappointing fashion, being asked to organise the transport of oxygen cylinders to Base Camp. Allowed to depart thereafter, Roberts put the time to good use, exploring three valleys lying South and South-west of Everest, and making the first ascent of Mera, 6476 metres (other altitudes exist) on 20 May 1953 with Sen Tensing. In recent times this climb has been downgraded to the first ascent of Mera Central (6461 metres) in some places.
 * 1954 First ascent of Putha Hiunchuli, 7246 metres, in the Dhaulagiri group with Ang Nyima on Nov.11 during recce of the massif with G. Lorimer.
 * 1956 Reconnaissance of Machapuchare
 * 1957 Leader of expedition to Machapuchare (The Fishes' Tail), 6993 metres, the only officially recorded attempt. On 2 June the summit team of A D M Cox and C W F Noyce stopped 'some 50 metres below the North summit' due to lack of time, so the peak is regarded as unclimbed. No further expeditions are allowed to this superbly beautiful peak which is considered holy: apparently Roberts lobbied the Nepal Govt.to have this peak declared out of bounds! Fluted Peak (21800 ft) was first climbed by this expedition.
 * 1960 Leader, of the Army Mountaineering Association Annapurna II expedition, 7937 metres: first ascent achieved. This was Chris Bonington's first major Himalayan summit.
 * 1962 Leader, Dhaulagiri IV, 7660 metres, expedition: reached 6400 metres on masking peak Dhaulagiri VI.
 * 1963 Transport Officer, American Mount Everest Expedition
 * 1965 Joint Leader, Dhaulagiri IV expedition
 * 1971 Joint leader with Norman Dyhrenfurth of the International Everest Expedition that ended in disaster and acrimony after the death of Indian member H. V. Bahuguna on the West Ridge.

A lifelong votary of 'small party mountaineering', particularly to unexplored areas and mountains, Roberts disliked the repeated attempts on Everest. "The big "first" was taken for ever in 1953", he wrote in 1979,"and other firsts must now be sought - the first ascent by a woman, without oxygen, by such and such a nationality, and, a big prize to come, the first ascent in elastic-sided boots." However, he was encouraged by a renewed interest in small expeditions: "...there are signs that a renaissance of small party mountaineering (even to the highest summits) is on the way."

In 1995 he was given the Back Award (instituted 1888) by the Royal Geographical Society.

Roberts founded the first trekking and mountaineering outfit Mountain Travel Nepal in 1964 to offer the opportunity for wealthy travellers to enjoy the experience of trekking or climbing in Nepal without problems. His trained Gurkha/Sherpa teams, took care of transportation, camping and local liaison, leaving trekkers free to enjoy the thrills. The first trek he managed was one by three elderly ladies to Everest Base Camp in 1965. He is known and revered as "the father of trekking in Nepal".

He acted as bird-collector for the British Museum during the 1950 expedition, and maintained an aviary in Pokhara where he bred pheasants. He wrote a brief outline of his life in August 1997 as a two-part blog called The Himalayan Odyssey on the mountaintravelnepal.com website just before he died at Pokhara on 1 November 1997.

title: J. O. M. Roberts


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Universidad Nacional del Callao

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. Tito xd (?!?) 03:28, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Universidad Nacional del Callao
Move to Spanish or appropriate language Wikipedia. Delete --AllyUnion (talk) 06:28, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Translate, cleanup, keep. seems like a notable Peruvian university. --Trovatore 07:00, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as a copyvio. It can be recreated later. -- Kjkolb 07:22, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * copyvio from where? If you have the URL you can tag it for speedy with . --Trovatore 07:23, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete it's copyvio from 132.248.196.4 07:29, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure it can be speedied because it is not from a commerical content provider - a company that sells the content that has been copied, like a newspaper or encyclopedia. -- Kjkolb
 * Keep and cleanup. User Trovatore has translated this and I have added appropriate stub categories for Peru stub and university stub. The translation should alleviate the copyvio problem and I think the general concensus is to keep teartiary education institutions. Capitalistroadster 10:00, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep the new version. -- Kjkolb 10:18, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep translation. Average Earthman 11:02, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Piccadilly 11:17, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep translation. CLW 15:46, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Probably still a copyvio. I'm not a lawyer but I don't think you can get rid of copyright just by translating something. I'm not personally a big fan of copyright but I think we all understand that WP has to be careful about it. --Trovatore 16:02, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I am a lawyer, and you can, Trovatore, as long as the translation is not verbatim. Facts themselves are not copyrightable.  You translated the thing, so, if concerned, make your translation a bit "freer". Xoloz 16:06, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think your advice is appropriately cautious. Do you practice IP law? A translation is a derivative work, and copyright can still apply. This is explicitly stated in U.S. Title 17. A non-verbatim translation does not provide an end around copyright law. This article is very short and is limited to factual material and so provides very little opportunity "artistic expression" so it may be OK in this particular instance, but I think your suggestion is simply wrong in general. Quale 00:06, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Briefly, I'll remind you that it is the burden of the copyright holder to prove infringement. For an article of a small size, or for one -- like this one also -- whose nature is a bare recitation of essential details (as with a newspaper item in brief), the act of translating freely would obscure sufficiently the origin of the material  such that proof of infringement would be practically impossible.  You are correct, and I would never intend, to apply my advice to a novel, or even a poem, or any other substantially original work of any length.  However, I maintain the value of proposition advanced for all translated, properly encyclopedic stubs.  So, I suppose that my advice would be incautious if anyone were unfortunate enough to think that it applied to Wikibooks, Wikisource, or an extended analytic article here.  Given the context, though, I'll stand behind my advice.  If you care to continue this dispute, my talk page is always open. :) Xoloz 03:43, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I think this is important, so I'll answer briefly here. You write, "Given the context, though, I'll stand by my advice."  Here's the context:
 * Probably still a copyvio. I'm not a lawyer but I don't think you can get rid of copyright just by translating something [emphasis mine]. I'm not personally a big fan of copyright but I think we all understand that WP has to be careful about it. --Trovatore 16:02, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * And this is your response:
 * I am a lawyer, and you can, Trovatore, as long as the translation is not verbatim. -- Xoloz 16:06, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * In context, your response says that you can get rid of copyright by translating something as long as the translation is not verbatim. This is simply not true. You are correct to point out that a recitation of facts is not copyrightable in the U.S. (caution may be needed here too, as I believe this is not the case in some other jurisdictions), but this has absolutely nothing to do with translation—translation is a red herring here. Your advice relied on unstated assumptions that are not true in general, even in the context of Wikipedia articles. If you meant to say that copyright shouldn't be a problem for this specific translation, you should have said so explicitly. I have seen translated pages on wikipedia that are likely copyvios, and I tagged one such just a few days ago. Quale 09:45, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Reply is on your talk page. Xoloz 14:33, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This is now irrelevant in any case. I have made a number of edits to the English translation, if a few more editors write a few more lines of text, hardly anything of the original Spanish-language text will remain in any event.--Nicodemus75 01:11, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep translation. Xoloz 16:06, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep unless copyvio can be substantiated. Jesse 18:33, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is no longer copyvio. This is one of the significant universities in Lima, I have visited it. Irrespective of all other concerns, it deserves an article on WP. It should probably be moved to National University of Callao.--Nicodemus75 21:03, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Just "Callao", or "The Callao"? --Trovatore 02:09, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It is just "Callao". Callao is a technically an extra-provincial district in Peru, but in practice it is another suburb of the Greater Lima area.--Nicodemus75 06:17, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep It seems main problems have been addressed, though some improvement is still needed. --rob 22:06, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * keep the translated one please we can always use the next time Yuckfoo 22:51, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as this is a post-secondary educational institution it is indisputably inherently notable. Silensor 07:39, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup and expand. Concur w/Silensor per noteability. KillerChihuahua 00:28, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Export subsidy

Export subsidy is a government policy to encourage export of goods and discourage sale of goods on the domestic market through direct payments, low-cost loans, tax relief for exporters, or government-financed international advertising. An export subsidy reduces the price paid by foreign importers, which means domestic consumers pay more than foreign consumers. The World Trade Organization (WTO) prohibits most subsidies directly linked to the volume of exports, except for LDCs. Incentives are given by the government of a country to exporters to encourage export of goods.

Export subsidies are also generated when internal price supports, as in a guaranteed minimum price for a commodity, create more production than can be consumed internally in the country. (These price supports are often coupled with import tariffs, which keeps the domestic price high by discouraging or taxing imports on the difference between the world price and the mandatory minimum.) Instead of letting the commodity rot or destroying it, the government exports it. Saudi Arabia is a net exporter of wheat, Japan often is a net exporter of rice.

At the WTO's Tenth Ministerial Conference, which was held in Nairobi, Kenya from 15 to 19 December 2015, the WTO member states agreed to eliminate export subsidies for agricultural products; least-developed nations had until the end of 2018 to eliminate agricultural export subsidies (until 1 January 2017 in relation to cotton exports), while developed nations agreed to eliminate most such subsidies immediately.

Export subsidies can cause inflation: the government subsidises the industry based on costs, but an increase in the subsidy is directly spent on wage hikes demanded by employees. Now the wages in the subsidised industry are higher than elsewhere, which causes the other employees demand higher wages, which are then reflected in prices, resulting in inflation everywhere in the economy.

Some countries provide indirect export subsidies in the form of tax reductions. In the United States closely held exporters of U.S. made goods may get a reduction of tax using an Interest Charge Domestic International Sales Corporation (IC-DISC). Another example is Armenia. According to Armenian legislation, IT companies that suit several criteria are getting 50% of the income tax they have paid back. In 2022, after the drastic revaluation of Armenian Dram against US Dollar, which could potentially harm exporting industries, a proposal has been put into discussion to return the entire amount of tax paid by IT companies during the previous 4 months.

title: Export subsidy


text:
Ministering

Ministering is the term for Christian service given to fellow congregants, known as "ward members," within the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Prior to April 1, 2018, a somewhat similar program within the church was termed "home teaching", "block teaching", and "ward teaching", when performed by male priesthood holders and "visiting teaching," when performed by female members of the church's Relief Society. The previous dual home- and visiting-teaching programs had been designed to allow families to be provided spiritual instruction in their own homes, in addition to weekly church services. The present joint program deemphasizes teaching, replacing it with prayerful consideration given to the needs of one's assigned congregants, finding ways to serve and fellowship them.

In areas with few church members, the local units are called branches, rather than wards. The ministering program operates within these branches in a like manner to the wards.

Home Teaching and Visiting Teaching programs
Home teaching had been introduced to the church by Harold B. Lee, as part of the priesthood correlation effort. The program took effect on January 1, 1964. It replaced the ward teachers, who had previously had similar responsibilities.

The mandate of the correlation committee was to simplify the curriculum of the church, but Lee used it to implement wider changes. Just three days before Lee made his general conference address announcing the home teaching program, Henry D. Moyle objected to the change during a first presidency meeting on the grounds that the correlation committee was overstepping its bounds and taking responsibility away from the presiding bishop who supervised the ward teaching program. Even though Church President David O. McKay probably agreed with Moyle on this issue, he did not intercede to stop Lee.

In May 1963, a home teaching committee was formed with the purpose of visiting stakes and promoting the home teaching program. The committee was chaired by Marion G. Romney. Thomas S. Monson was asked to be a member of the committee five months before his call as an apostle.

Ministering program
During the church's April 2018 general conference, church president Russell M. Nelson announced the retirement of home teaching and visiting teaching and its replacement with "a newer, holier approach" called ministering.

Ministering assignments and responsibilities
A ward's elders quorum's leadership assigns priesthood-holding companionships to entire household families to be served. Often youth, who are members of the teachers or priests quorums, are assigned as a junior companion to a member of the elders quorum.

The ward Relief Society leadership also assigns its members to companionships. These companionships, which may include youth from the ward's Young Women organization as junior companions, serve the needs of women and young women members of a family assigned them.

Sometimes the quorum and Relief Society leaders collaborate in order to create a companionship which consists of a Melchizedek priesthood holder and his wife. All assignments are approved by the bishop or the branch president.

With the approval of a mission president, full-time missionaries of the LDS Church may assist church members with these visits.

title: Ministering


text: Template:Municipalities in Biscay

title: Template:Municipalities in Biscay


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/American Guards

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 10:44, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

American Guards
Unencyclopedic. It has been speedy deleted already but author keeps recreating. 202.156.6.54 06:29, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and protect from recreation. - x42bn6   Talk  07:11, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom.   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   09:32, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and protect from recreation, articles under this name have deleted four times already. -- Kjkolb 11:20, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nonsense CLW 15:43, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete and Protect: doesn't even make sense. If it's been recreated, protect it. Jesse 18:45, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per above. *drew 15:03, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Z magazine-cruft. More leftist nonsense/screeching. Klonimus 09:47, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Claudia Karvan

Claudia Karvan (born 19 May 1972) is an Australian actress and producer. As a child actor, she first appeared in the film Molly (1983) and followed with an adolescent role in High Tide (1987). She portrayed a teacher in The Heartbreak Kid (1993) – the film was spun off into a TV series, Heartbreak High (1994–1999), with her character taken over by Sarah Lambert. Karvan's roles in television series include The Secret Life of Us (2001–2005), Love My Way (2004–2007), Newton's Law (2017) and Halifax: Retribution (2020). She won Best Actress in a Leading Role in a Television Drama at the AFI Awards (later rebranded as the AACTA Awards) for her appearance in G.P. (1996). She won two similar AFI Awards for her role in Love My Way (2005 and 2007) and in 2014 for her work in The Time of Our Lives (2013–2014). As a co-producer and co-writer on Love My Way, she won three further AFI Awards for Best Drama Series in 2005, 2006 and 2007. Karvan was inducted into the Australian Film Walk of Fame in 2007 in acknowledgment of her contributions to the Australian film and television industry. From 2010 to 2011, she starred in the drama series Spirited, which she co-created and was executive producer. She appeared as Judy Vickers in Puberty Blues (2012, 2014). Karvan has co-produced House of Hancock (February 2015) and Doctor Doctor (2016–2021). In 2021 she co-created, co-produced and starred in the TV drama series, Bump.

Early years
Claudia Karvan was born in Sydney on 19 May 1972. She grew up with her mother, Gabrielle Goddard, and two siblings. Her biological father, Peter Robins (died 2022) had separated from her mother when Karvan was a newborn. He was later diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder. For primary school Karvan attended Glenmore Road Public School, Paddington. Her surname comes from her stepfather, Arthur Karvan, the son of a Greek immigrant, George Karvouniares (1910–1972), who had Anglicised his surname to Karvan. At the "What Women Want" forum in September 2002 she discussed the refugee crisis and mandatory detention, "[George] came out here at 16 years of age – on his own – from an island in Greece. He did not speak any English. His first job was selling ice-cream and the Australian kids would throw sand into it... I remember feeling very sorry when I heard these stories and sorry that this was his introduction to Australia. But this all seems like child's play compared with being locked up in detention camps."

From the age of eight she spent a year living in Bali with her mother and two brothers. After returning to Australia, Karvan's family moved to King's Cross where her stepfather owned a restaurant and nightclub, Arthur's. Andrew Denton interviewed her on Enough Rope in March 2003, where she recalled, "It was great fun, drag queens everywhere and drunk adults. It was also like a home, because we lived across the road, so after school I'd come there, and it would be a hive of industry." She attended the Sydney Church of England Girls Grammar School (SCEGGS), "I went to SCEGGS, which was around the corner in Darlinghurst. And over the intercom they said, 'No girls are supposed to go beyond King's Cross Station any further down into Victoria Street.' That's where I live!... I do remember my street was out of bounds." AllMovie's Nathan Southern felt that, "Though she spent a short period dabbling in rebellious and somewhat edgy behavior, she remained inherently intellectual and heavily gravitated to literature as a primary source of fascination."

Film
Karvan debuted in the children's film, Molly (1983), where she appeared as Maxie Ireland who befriends a talented dog, Molly. Eleanor Mannika of AllMovie reviewed it, "In this uneven children's story... [Molly's] new, young caretaker Maxie ([Karvan]) has her hands full because the villainous 'Old Dan'... [who] is such a sinister, psychotic type that the intended sense of adventure in the film is often no more than a sense of the macabre."

In 1987, she appeared in Phillip Noyce's Echoes of Paradise and then alongside Judy Davis in Gillian Armstrong's High Tide that same year. Paul Fischer of Tharunka described how, "virtually stealing the film is talented 14-year old, [Karvan]... she gives a vivid performance... [she] is brilliant in the demanding role, as she works beautifully with face and eyes to evoke various degrees of emotion. This young actor will do well in the future."

Karvan later reflected, "acting opposite Judy Davis, all the work's done for you. I remember her close-up was first and I was just bawling off camera... she's very powerful... I never look forward to [crying on screen]... [it] is a lot harder and a lot more, more confronting and lot more — You feel a lot more vulnerable. And I resist it." She received a nomination for AFI Award (Australian Film Institute Award) for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role (later re-titled AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role) for her portrayal of Ally in High Tide but lost to Jan Adele, who depicted her grandmother, Bet, in the same film.

At 17-years-old Karvan secured a lead role, Joanna Johnson, in the Australian comedy, caper movie, The Big Steal (1990). Her love-interest, Danny Clarke (portrayed by Ben Mendelsohn), tries to impress her with his car, "[she] agrees to a date. But just as it seems that nirvana is to be easily attained, the motor blows up, along with the date." Mary Colbert of Filmnews observed, "It's first class entertainment; but a little more absurdity in the main characters ([Mendelsohn] and [Karvan]) would not have gone astray... [Karvan], affable and lovely, has the least developed role in the film – a waste of potential comic conflict."

In 1993 Karvan portrayed a 22-year-old secondary school teacher, Christina Papadopoulos, in The Heartbreak Kid. Her character has an affair with a 17-year-old student, Nick Polides (Alex Dimitriades). Paul Bongiorno, writing for The Canberra Times, observed, "As the lead player Karvan earns much sympathy. Watching her parents and fiancée plan her life, the audience hopes that Christina will stay with Nick." Producer, Ben Gannon, told Bongiorno, "it's such a difficult role. You don't want somebody coming across as a school teacher preying on a young student. She is intelligent. She has a complexity. And you can believe she is Greek." Gannon used the work for the related TV series, Heartbreak High (1994–1999); where Karvan's character of Christine was portrayed by Sarah Lambert.

Karvan starred alongside fellow Australian actor Guy Pearce in Flynn (as My Forgotten Man, 1993) (playing the young fiancée of Errol Flynn) and Dating the Enemy (1996) (where the partners are body swapped). For Flynn shooting had started in 1989, when Karvan was 17, but due to various legal and financial disputes it had to be re-shot with some new cast members, a new director and new producers. By the time Flynn was released to video in 1996, Dating the Enemy had appeared in cinemas, as "a second (much better) movie with Pearce."

Karvan had auditioned for the lead in the comedy film, All Men Are Liars (1995), but did not take it up, which went to fellow actress, Toni Pearen. Pearen recalled "the producer and the director telling me that [Karvan] was their first choice and she actually did a better audition than me. She was my favourite actress and I always had in the back of my mind 'oh my God, Claudia Karvan was better than me, so I have to be really good!'" She worked opposite Hugh Jackman in a romantic comedy, Paperback Hero (1999). In the same year she was nominated for an AFI Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role for the Percy Grainger biopic, Passion. She portrayed Grainger's early love interest, Alfhild de Luce, opposite Richard Roxburgh.

The actress took on the character, Sola Naberrie, in Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005), as the older sister of Padmé Amidala (played by Natalie Portman). As Sola she had also filmed scenes for Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2002), but they were cut from the theatrical release and appear only as an extra on the related two-disc DVD. She described working on the 2002 film, "It was one day's work and there was about 10 wardrobe calls for that one day. Amazing outfits. It felt a bit like — whew, this is big! But then you get on the set, and it's an all-Australian crew and it was lovely. I felt comfortable."

In 2006 she took the support role of Alison Berry, a welfare officer, in Footy Legends, a comedy, sports drama about rugby league football. ABC North Queensland's Michael Clarke praised Anh Do and Lisa Saggers in the lead roles, but felt, "The rest of the cast, including [Karvan] and Peter Phelps are merely thin stereotypes, while the casting of real-life footy commentators Andrew Voss and Matthew Johns is painfully embarrassing." She played the role of Ginny Rogers, the mother of teenager, Hailey (Joanna Levesque), in the American teen fantasy, Aquamarine (2006).

Karvan and Steve Bisley were inducted into the Australian Film Walk of Fame in March 2007, "for the skill, expertise and dedication to their craft which has contributed to the vitality and uniqueness of Australian Film, by the placing of plaques in the footpath," in front of the Ritz Cinema, Randwick. Senses of Cinema's Alexandra Heller-Nicholas observed, "Karvan's place as a major player across almost four decades of Australian screen culture was carved in stone." She co-starred with Jim Caviezel in Long Weekend (or Nature's Grave in the United States), directed by Jamie Blanks in February 2008.

In September 2008 she voiced the character of Michelle in $9.99, "a stop motion toon for grown-ups." She appeared in the 2009 film Daybreakers, a vampire thriller co-starring Ethan Hawke and Willem Dafoe and filmed on the Gold Coast. A high-light was, "learning how to handle a crossbow. Her character, Audrey, is a survivor, hiding out alongside Dafoe's Elvis, while Hawke's Edward is a vampire scientist." She also appeared in 33 Postcards (2011) as Barbara, alongside Guy Pearce, again.

Just weeks before shooting began on Infidel (2020), Karvan took over a role from another actress, due to schedule conflicts. Once again, she starred opposite Caviezel as his on-screen wife, "[she] really dove into the part and she portrays the total exasperation a wife would feel when every avenue she pursues to get her husband out of prison is thwarted."

Television
Karvan's early television role, as Amanda, in the teen drama, Princess Kate (1988), placed her supporting Justine Clarke in the title role. During that year she appeared in a TV series, The Last Resort. In 2001 she was asked about working in an ongoing role and reflected, "The only television series I've ever done was at the ABC when I was about 15 – The Last Resort – so you can understand why there was some trepidation."

Karvan took the lead role of Asta Cadell, a motorcycle-riding lawyer, in the telemovie, Natural Justice: Heat (1996), set in York, Western Australia. A critic for Australian Cinema described Karvan's performance, "I do not believe many other Australian actors could pull off the 'biker chick' with such style and beauty." Asta was previously portrayed by Deborra-Lee Furness in the feature film, Shame (1988).

In 1996 Karvan won her first AFI award, Best Actress in a Leading Role in a Television Drama for her portrayal of Jessica Travis in medical drama, G.P., season 8, episode 22, "Sing Me a Lullaby". During the filming of My Brother Jack (2001), Karvan took the role of Cressida Morley, "She's a wonderful character. She's described as having a pagan vitality, as being an authentic savage, and she reminds David (Matt Day) of his brother." She reflected on being cast in a supporting role, "Doing roles that aren't leads doesn't mean it's an inferior job. It's less time and less work but there's something about creating a character for a short period of time: when you don't have the whole telemovie to establish the character and show the arc, you've really got to utilise every second."

In 2001 Karvan starting working on The Secret Life of Us, she took the role of Alex Christensen for its telemovie and the following three of four seasons. Behind the scenes she was also a director on season 3, episodes, "Great Expectations" and "The People You Meet" (both 2003). She acknowledges that show's co-creator and producer, John Edwards for, "her shift from acting in shows to creating... He gave Karvan her first directing gig."

From 2004 she co-starred with Rebecca Gibney in a trilogy of telemovies, Small Claims, Small Claims: White Wedding (2005) and Small Claims: The Reunion (2006). They depict, Jo Collins and Chrissy Hindmarsh, respectively, "a sleuthing duo of down-to-earth women. Karvan is a brisk, unbutch, 30-something policewoman; Gibney is a one-time lawyer, at the cusp of middle age." Gibney explained to Peter Craven of The Age, "when Claudia and I were approached we both insisted that we wanted to play ordinary recognisable women."

Besides acting in a lead role, Karvan was the co-creator, co-producer and a scriptwriter of three seasons of the series, Love My Way (2005–2007). Due to her continuing role as Frankie Paige she won her second AFI award for Best Actress in a Leading Role in a Television Drama in 2005 and her third in 2007 (rebranded as Best Lead Actress in a Television Drama). As a co-producer of Love My Way, Karvan received three further AFI awards, first in 2005 (shared with Edwards), second in 2006 (with Edwards and Jacquelin Perske) and third in 2007 (with Edwards), for Best Television Drama Series. Toby Creswell and Samantha Trenoweth, listed her in their book, 1001 Australians You Should Know (2006), and described how, "[she] has been exploring the highs and lows of fractured family life... She clearly has great range and for the past two years she has starred in and produced the cutting edge drama Love My Way."

The telemovie, Saved (2009), had her depicting Julia, an advocate for a detainee, asylum seeker, Amir (Osamah Sami). In August 2010 Karvan co-created, produced and starred in the series, Spirited. She plays a Sydney dentist, Suzy Darling, who has left her husband Steve (Rodger Corser) and moved into a penthouse in a building, which she discovers is haunted by the ghost of a 1980s British rock musician, Henry (Matt King).

Karvan was cast as Judy Vickers for two seasons of Puberty Blues (2012, 2014). It is inspired the 1981 film of the same name and the related, 1979 novel. She described her perspective, "It's like they're looking at the '70s with 2012 eyes. It's quite unflinching, it's quite detailed... I've never done a period piece of a time that I've lived through – it feels a bit like time travel. It's gorgeous." The actress introduced an Australian Story episode, "Life After Puberty", in September 2012, she reflected on the original film, "The two teenage girls who starred in Puberty Blues looked set for big careers on screen. Tonight's program reveals the bittersweet story of Nell Schofield and her co-star, Jad Capelja."

In the ABC miniseries, The Time Of Our Lives (2013–14), she starred as Caroline Tivolli. Anna Brain of The Herald Sun described the role, "Newly separated and working to resurrect her career, the overly anxious mother of one with tiger-parent tendencies is a divisive character." Brain continued, "Having delved into the character's psyche and found an intelligent, under-utilised woman, Karvan doesn't feel that Caroline would be likely to return the compliment." Also in the show was Justine Clarke as Caroline's co-sister-in-law, Bernadette. Karvan was co-producer of House of Hancock (February 2015), a fictionalised TV drama of the relationship between Gina Rinehart and her step-mother, Rose Porteous. She reflected on the work, "[it's a] story about the legacy of parenting and family (and) she's such an enigmatic and unique character."

In 2016 she starred opposite Pearce in Jack Irish, as his love-interest, Sarah Longmore. Also in that year she co-produced the medical, comedy, drama series, Doctor Doctor (2016–present). Her fellow producers on the show are Tony McNamara and Ian Collie. She had acted to scripts written by McNamara on The Secret Life of Us, Love My Way and Puberty Blues. Karvan and Collie had started collaborating after The Broken Shore, which he had produced. In 2017 she took the titular character, Josephine Newton, in a legal drama, Newton's Law.

Early in 2020 she was a contestant on Dancing with the Stars alongside her professional dance partner, Aric Yegudkin. They finished in third place, despite earning a perfect score, from the judges, in the finale episode, "before viewer votes were added to the mix and dropped her down." She reconnected with Gibney (as Jane Halifax) while portraying her rival, Mandy Petras, in the crime drama series, Halifax: Retribution (2020). The Sydney Morning Herald's Craig Mathieson noticed, "Karvan is the show's best asset, needling Halifax with fake compassion... [her character] is a welcome seam of subtlety, a necessary antidote to the burnt-out cop clichés" of castmate, Anthony LaPaglia as Tom Saracen. Karvan co-created, with Kelsey Munro, and starred in the Australian web television drama series Bump (2021). She also co-produced the series with John Edwards and his son, Dan Edwards.

Stage
In April 1991 Karvan acted in the Shakespearean play, Henry IV, Part 1, at Riverside Theatres in Parramatta. She also appeared as Kathy "Bubba" Ryan in a production of Summer of the Seventeenth Doll at the Seymour Centre, Chippendale, in August of that year. During April 1995 she performed in Poor Super Man, at Wharf 2 Theatre, Sydney. The play was written by Brad Fraser, and was used as the basis for a Canadian drama film, Leaving Metropolis (2002). Karvan acted at Wharf 1 Theatre, in late December 1998, in Fred, a play written by Beatrix Christian. Mark Stoyich of Green Left described the play, "[it] begins as a brittle, fairly funny murder mystery turns into a speculation on the meaning of life, with a bit of sex-farce of the slamming door variety." Her character of Monica is a TV actress, "neurotic, dippy vegetarian ... [who] dresses sexily and throws herself at Detective Rose (John Adam)."

Personal life
Karvan's flatmate while living in Bondi, in the early 1990s, was fellow actress Justine Clarke. The pair had met when they were 8-year-olds. They first acted together on Princess Kate in 1988. Karvan recalled, "We had, like, 10 auditions. It was between Jussie and I. And we lived down the road from each other in Paddington... You can't take those decisions personally, about roles. Right after I got High Tide you got the role I went for, Princess Kate." Karvan was in a relationship with Canadian-born Australian actor, Aden Young, which began in 1993 when both were filmed in Exile (1994), and ended in 1995. They had previously acted together in Broken Highway (1993).

Karvan explained to Ben Holgate of The Sydney Morning Herald, in December 1995, that her acting, "has mostly been intuitive. But comedy and theatre have allowed her to... concentrate on her craft – breathing, movement, thought dialogue... Some picked up from acting courses and much from [Clarke]." She cited her acting heroes as, "Judy Davis, Jessica Lange and Jennifer Jason Leigh." Karvan started salsa dancing as a hobby in 2017 to help with rehabilitation after being treated for a herniated disc. During her stint on Dancing with the Stars in 2020, Karvan dedicated her salsa dance to a childhood friend, Samantha, who had died two years previously.

Karvan first met Jeremy Sparks, an Australian film set constructor and later an engineer, in the late 1980s. They became domestic partners in 1995 and have two children, a daughter Audrey (born 2001), and a son Albee (born 2006). She is also stepmother to pop singer Holiday Sidewinder (born 1990), Sparks' daughter from a previous relationship with Australian actress Lo Carmen. Karvan described Sparks, "When we got together he was a single father, and the way he navigated that really impressed me. He was a great dad then, and now. He's physical and consistent and funny." Karvan (cameo role) and Carmen (as Meryl) had both appeared in a film, The Nostradamus Kid (1993), which was shot in late 1991 and early 1992. Both had previously acted in the TV series, The Last Resort (1988).

In October 2019 Sidewinder, residing in Los Angeles, recalled growing up with Karvan and Sparks, "My stepmother was a famous actress and the bigger breadwinner in my dad's household. Lots of strong women around. I lived on Bondi Beach with dad, surfing and swimming off the rocks at sunset." Audrey Sparks made her acting debut as Little Girl (Young Suzy) in the Spirited episode, "I Remember Nothing" (September 2010). Karvan portrays the adult Suzy Darling and is a co-producer for the series. Audrey reprised her role in season 2 episode, "Time After Time" (July 2011). Karvan and Sparks separated in 2017. As of August 2020 Karvan and her children resided in Redfern, having lived in the area for 15 years.

Awards and nominations
In 2016, Karvan won the Chauvel Award.

Karvan was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in the 2023 Australia Day Honours for "service to the film and television industry".

AACTA Awards
Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards, known as the AACTA Awards, are presented annually by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA). They recognise excellence in the film and television industry, both locally and internationally, including the producers, directors, actors, writers, and cinematographers. The awards, previously called Australian Film Institute Awards (or AFI Awards), began in 1958. They were renamed as the AACTA Awards in 2011.

Logie Awards
The Logie Awards celebrate Australian television, which are sponsored and organised by the industry magazine, TV Week, with the first ceremony in 1959. They are provided in categories representing both public and industry voted awards. Karvan has won the industry voted category, Logie Award for Most Outstanding Actress three times from ten nominations. Her first win was in 2003 for The Secret Life of Us, then in 2006 for Love My Way, and again in 2010 for Saved.

title: Claudia Karvan


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User talk:Nachiketgokhale

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Pune
{| align=center style="width: 100%; border: #bbbbff solid 1px; background-color: #eeeeff;" Thank you for your contribution at Pune. Please keep it up!!! - P R A D E E P Somani  ( talk ) Feel free to send me e-mail.

title: User talk:Nachiketgokhale


text: Template:Historical currencies of Brazil


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/TheOtherNet

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 10:46, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

TheOtherNet
Google search for "TheOtherNet" produces about 100 results. Alexa has no data on http://theothernet.org (linked to from article). Previously put up for speedy deletion; another user removed the tag, saying "put it up for vfd," but did not do so himself, so here it is. Delete. Joel7687 06:31, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: KaffeineNet on Google produces 228 hits, which probably most likely makes it unnotable. - x42bn6   Talk  07:06, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nomination. - C HAIRBOY (☎) 14:58, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn CLW 15:44, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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User:QManic

New Zealander Search user languages

title: User:QManic