text:
Julie Zwillich

Julie Zwillich is a Canadian and American television personality. She is the host of Food Network Canada's Summer's Best and CBC's Surprise! It's Edible Incredible! She became a television personality in 1997 with the debut of Stuff, which aired on TVOntario, ABC Australia, across Asia and South America, and on the WAM! network in the US. Her co-host, Kevin Brauch, went on to become The Thirsty Traveler.

Zwillich was a host on the popular TVOKids live broadcast from 1999 to 2002 and went on to host BrainBounce! on TV Ontario and Discovery UK, and the sports show SWEAT on OLN and TSN. She is also an actor, and performed all 26 characters on The Blobs, played the characters Emily and Enrique on Beyblade and is the voice of multiple characters on CBC's kid show, The X. Zwillich can be seen hosting videos for Kraft Foods, WalMart and other companies as well as on Yahoo! Shine and Deepak Chopra's Chopra Well channel on YouTube.

title: Julie Zwillich


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Walnut River (Kansas)

The Walnut River is a tributary of the Arkansas River, 154 mi long, in the Flint Hills region of Kansas in the United States. Via the Arkansas, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed.

According to the GNIS, the river has also been known in the past as the "Little Verdigris River".

Course
The Walnut River rises in northern Butler County and flows generally southward through Butler and Cowley Counties, past the towns of El Dorado, Augusta, Winfield and Douglass. It joins the Arkansas River at Arkansas City. The Walnut's principal tributaries are the Whitewater River, which joins it at Augusta, and the Little Walnut River, which joins it in southern Butler County. The Walnut River drainage basin comprises 2380 sqmi in an ecoregion characterized by rocky, rolling hills and prairie. Elevations range from 1050 to 1625 ft in the basin. Average precipitation, mostly summer rainfall, varies from 32 to 38 in annually. Tallgrass prairie is the most common vegetation, covering 66 percent of the land. Crop land covers 23 percent and woodlands cover five percent. Major crops are wheat, soybeans, cotton, hay, sorgum, and corn. Cattle are the most important livestock.

Upstream of El Dorado, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dam causes the river to form El Dorado Lake, along which a Kansas state park has been designated. The lake consists of about 8000 acre of water with another 8,000 acres of land along its shores designated as park and wildlife areas. The other large lake in the Walnut River basin is Winfield City Lake with 1250 acre of water surrounded by 1150 acre of parkland. Both lakes offer recreational opportunities including fishing, boating, hunting, camping, and wildlife observation.

In Winfield, the east side of the old Tunnel Mill Dam is a public fishing spot. It is staged directly near the old Kickapoo Corral. The west side of the dam and the Kickapoo Corral are both privately owned and closed to the public. A whirlpool is created by a hole in solid limestone about 15 ft down on the river bed directly off the cliffs of the Corral. The bottom is sandy and somewhat rocky.

Historical sites
Near the mouth of the Walnut River, in eastern Arkansas City, are a large number of archaeological sites, including the historical city of Etzanoa, a Wichita settlement that flourished between 1450 and 1700 and housed perhaps 20,000 people. This site was visited in 1601 by New Mexico governor Juan de Oñate.

Festival
The Walnut Valley Festival is held along the banks in Winfield.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Walnut River (Kansas)


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Debt compliance

In finance, the term debt compliance describes various legal measures taken to ensure that debtors, whether individuals, businesses, or governments, honor their debts and make an honest effort to repay the money that they owe. Generally regarded as a subdivision of tax law, debt compliance is most often enforced through a combination of audits and legal restrictions. For example, a provision of the Federal Debt Collection Procedures Act of 1990 states that a person or organization indebted to the United States, against whom a judgment lien has been filed, is ineligible to receive a government grant. Noncompliance, depending on severity and frequency, may be punished by fine or even incarceration in debtor's prison.

title: Debt compliance


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tigers TV Crew

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 15:38, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Tigers TV Crew
High school television network -- Kjkolb 04:26, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, maybe they deserve a little section on the high school's page... if the high school had a page.

 * Delete nn  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   12:15, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wilderness School

Wilderness School is an independent, non-denominational Christian, day and boarding school for girls, located in Medindie, an inner northern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia.

Established by the Brown family in 1884 with four girls and one small boy, Andrew Muecke, as students, Wilderness is a Reception to Year 12 school, and also caters for Year 13. The school enrolled approximately 820 students in 2007, including up to 80 boarders. In 2003, The Australian declared The Wilderness School one of the ten highest achieving schools in Australia.

Wilderness School is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), the Australian Boarding Schools' Association, the Alliance of Girls' Schools Australasia (AGSA) and the Independent Girls' Schools Sports Association (IGSSA).

History
The school was created by the Brown family who encouraged their eldest daughter Margaret Hamilton Brown to take an interest in education after her father's business had failed. Margaret was born in Edinburgh and educated in South Australia and she showed a talent for teaching. In 1884 she started a small school in her parents home with her youngest sister, Mary (Mamie) Home Brown, as one of the five founding pupils. In the following year the family moved and Margaret began a kindergarten based on play equipment from Germany and the ideas of Friedrich Froebel. As the children grew then so did the focus of the school and in 1893 Margaret bought a building on Northcote Terrace to host a school that she later renamed "The Wilderness". It became a boarding school that increasingly employed the five Brown sisters as teachers. The Brown family helped to run the school which had no uniform. Classes took place around the dining table, in an old tram or in the stables. Margaret's younger sister Mamie Brown showed a talent for teaching. She introduced the ideas of Charlotte Mason while Margaret moved aside to manage the school's business rather than the education. By the end of the second world war the successful school had 360 pupils. Margaret was awarded an OBE in 1948 and in the same year the school was made into a company. Margaret died in 1952 and Mamie in 1968 leaving a thriving school.

In 2003, The Australian declared the school one of the ten highest achieving schools in Australia.

House system
The Wilderness School has five houses, through which all girls partake in intra-school activities:
 * Amaryllis (Pink)
 * Antholiza (Blue)
 * Carob (Green)
 * Cedar (Purple)
 * Sparaxis (Orange)

Sport
Wilderness School is a member of the Independent Girls Schools Sports Association (IGSSA). The school maintains the sporting grounds at Park 6 on Robe Terrace, for use as hockey, lacrosse and soccer fields. Other sporting facilities include a gymnasium which was completed in 2005, and a boatshed at the South Australian Rowing Association complex at West Lakes for rowing.

IGSSA premierships
Wilderness school has won the following IGSSA premierships.

 * Badminton (3) – 2009, 2014, 2015
 * Hockey (7) – 1981, 1982, 1998, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2019
 * Swimming – 2010

Notable alumnae

 * Mamie Brown – founding pupil and the second principal
 * Annabel Crabb – the ABC's chief online political writer, formerly political columnist with The Age
 * Ally Fowler – actress
 * Posie Graeme-Evans – novelist, producer, director of drama, co-creator of Hi-5 and McLeod's Daughters (also attended The Fahan School)
 * Mekhla Kumar – pianist
 * Susan Magarey – historian and author
 * Georgie Parker – member of the Australian National Hockey Team.
 * Phiala E. Shanahan – theoretical physicist
 * Ellinor Gertrude Walker – teacher and women's rights activist

title: Wilderness School


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of band theme songs

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result was   delete, OR. Jayjg (talk) 02:29, 5 November 2009 (UTC)

List of band theme songs

 * – (View AfD) (View log)

How has this stayed for all these years? The list is highly objectionable, and no sources are cited. A classic case of WP:OR.  TheWeak Willed   (T * G) 01:48, 24 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Keep - so place a tag on it requesting sources. The list is easy to define. Is it the band's theme song? Yes or no. There's no ambiguity. Kingturtle (talk) 04:49, 24 September 2009 (UTC)
 * But what defines a "theme song?" I don't see any resemblance of a theme (of the band) in "Whiplash" by Metallica, "Helena" by My Chemical Romance, and "Droppin' Plates" by Disturbed to name a few. Most of the songs are just a title of the band, or very close to the title of the band.   TheWeak Willed   (T * G) 05:24, 24 September 2009 (UTC)
 * The examples you provide should be removed from the list. Kingturtle (talk) 16:51, 26 September 2009 (UTC)

Keep: Notable as founding member of 3 Inches of Blood. Rms125a@hotmail.com (talk) 18:43, 7 October 2009 (UTC) My mistake, entered in error. Rms125a@hotmail.com (talk) 00:22, 10 October 2009 (UTC)
 * It has been many weeks now. Shall we leave the article be? Kingturtle (talk) 21:45, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

Keep for now. Change to Delete as entirely OR. No verifiable claims of a notable topic. Add tags for context and sources because I don't know what defines a band's theme song, either. Can revisit if no improvement. An administrator needs to fix this though. This was nominated on September 24 but was added to an archived AFD discussion for September 9. There's a second AFD by the same nominator as well added a few days later. See Articles for deletion/Log/2009 September 9 --Wolfer68 (talk) 20:58, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

 Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, JForget  19:13, 29 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so consensus may be reached.

Relister's comment: This discussion was improperly placed on the September 9 log rather then the 24th, so I have relisted so it can be viewed by more editors. -- JForget 19:13, 29 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Delete Stale article from Wikipedia's days when they would take anything. Not just original research, but very badly done original research.  When I saw the title, I thought it was about the "Big Bands" from pre-rock 'n roll days, and those bands actually did have their own signature tunes.  This appears to be a list of self-referencing songs, where a band has cut a (generally) obscure song that mentions the band's name.  "One hit wonders" might have a song that they're obligated to perform 40 years later at the county fair, but most bands are too cool to play a "theme song" about themselves in a concert.  The fact that most of these aren't blue links ought to be a clue. Mandsford (talk) 20:18, 29 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Stale is not a legitimate criteria for deletion. And who are this they that you speak of? And no, they (whoever they are) didn't "take anything." Kingturtle (talk) 20:48, 29 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Ah, but unsourced, badly done original research is a criterion, and this is from bygone days when mentioning where you got the information was optional. I wish I had been on Wikipedia in 2004, when people didn't take it seriously, and there were lots of creative articles, and it was more fun.  By the time I came around in 2007, "they" had built up "their" article base and "they" put in a deletion forum to start questioning what used to get taken for granted.  I got slapped down the first time I ever had a creative idea for an article; if I'd posted it a few years sooner, it would probably be up still yet.  Now, Wikipedia is the first place anyone looks for information, it worries more about the reliable and verfiable thing than it used to, and it's not as freewheeling as it was five years ago.  In both cases, whether we're talking about 2004 or 2009, "they" refers to the Wikipedia communitiy in general.  For better or worse, "They don't make 'em like they used to".  Mandsford (talk) 22:25, 29 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Then give the article a citation tag and give it time to be updated properly. There is no need to delete it when simple hard work can improve it. Kingturtle (talk) 18:46, 31 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Comment I'm of two minds. On the one hand if there was an article on Band theme songs this would seem like a reasonable complement to it (assuming only notable, reliably sourced entries were included). However there isn't and despite the fact I would have imagined band theme songs to be a reasonably established concept I cannot find any sources that could be practically used to support such an article. Guest9999 (talk) 21:01, 29 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Keep Surely there's some cleanup to be done, and indeed some excision for dubious entries (Why is "Short Skirt/Long Jacket" Cake's "anthem"? Or "Where the Streets Have No Name" for U2? "Dance Dance" for Fall Out Boy?). But this isn't outright original research, as there is ample material out there on self-identifying songs. Chubbles (talk) 21:28, 29 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Delete This is really based on people's subjective opinions. The term "theme song" is also not defined in this context so we can tell if these are really theme songs of the bands listed. Northwestgnome (talk) 01:52, 30 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Delete How do we define "theme songs"? Just because a source is found doesn't make it one (conflicting sources and all). Rather than have a giant list of opinions, delete the poorly defined list. B figura  (talk) 03:17, 30 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Delete as subjective waffle on a bunch of B-listers. I agree with Northwestgnome, the lack of definitions, sources and objectivity means it's hard to see why this should stay. Eddie.willers (talk) 21:32, 30 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Delete per WP:OR, also per WP:V as there isn't a citation in the list. Also per Mandsford's assessment of our growing reliability and the inherant subjectivity of what constitutes a theme song.  Them From  Space  23:37, 30 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Comment. While I understand this concept as applied to, say, "(Theme from) The Monkees", I would prefer to see some kind of sourcing to establish that this concept has been recognized outside Wikipedia, to avoid original research. --Metropolitan90 (talk) 04:16, 31 October 2009 (UTC)
 * I am recommending a delete due to the continuing problem of original research. --Metropolitan90 (talk) 06:22, 2 November 2009 (UTC)
 * What exactly is the "continuing problem"? The "problem" has only just been raised. Shouldn't you give the article some time to respond to the request for citations? Kingturtle (talk) 12:10, 2 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Delete Appears to violate WP:OR, until some sources are added backing up the article's claims.  With so many supposed theme songs I should think there would be at least a few references given.  Assuming sources exist stating that certain bands have "theme songs" it would be better to recreate this article from scratch and document those claims.  Narthring (talk  • contribs) 05:28, 31 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Then tag it with a request for Citations rather than deleting the entire thing. Kingturtle (talk) 18:38, 31 October 2009 (UTC)
 * I'd support a userfy. I recognize that you started this as a straightforward  list of self-referencing songs, and somewhere along the way it was edited to refer to these as "theme songs", which some persons would consider as a famous song that typifies a band (hence someone's addition of Where the Streets Have No Name for U-2).  I recall something like that in The Book of Rock Lists (Simon & Schuster, 1994).  It can be an encyclopedic topic; there are some very well-known songs that were recorded when a band plateaued out on their climb to fame.  An example is the Beatles' Glass Onion (the Ballad of John and Yoko would be an alternative).  Another is Cover of the Rolling Stone.  It isn't always obvious-- I didn't know that the Creeque Alley was the name of the Mamas and the Papas song that has the refrain "and nobody's getting fat except Mama Cass".  But speaking of fat, there's plenty that can be trimmed from this list.  I'd volunteer to assist in straightening this up.   Mandsford (talk) 21:57, 31 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Delete as WP:OR. There's no real way to define a band's "theme song". I also agree that it is hard to see why this should stay. talking  birds  14:36, 1 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Oh, but there *is* a real way to define it. Just use published lists and definitions. It isn't our responsibility to define it. It is only our responsibility to find the sources. Kingturtle (talk) 15:20, 1 November 2009 (UTC)
 * But if the sources cannot be found in the first place, then we can't verify anything on the list. If we can find sources that can verify some/all of these theme songs, then I would love to keep this list. talking  birds  16:46, 1 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree. If sources cannot be found, the challenged material can be removed, which could result in a blank article. The creator of the article (or some other interested party) should really add some sources as soon as possible to make this list worth saving at all. It's an interesting list but requires defining, such as what is the difference between a theme song and a signature song? A little more context would be helpful. --Wolfer68 (talk) 19:18, 1 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Under what basis are either of you supporting your claim that "If sources cannot be found"? No one has even started looking for sources yet. Kingturtle (talk) 21:01, 1 November 2009 (UTC)
 * So you created an article without having any sources to go by and that you don't know even exist and expect them to magically appear through other wikipedians research? This just screams OR then. --Wolfer68 (talk) 21:20, 1 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I created the article because some bands have theme songs. And the topic is of interest to some people. Sources were not part of the puzzle at the time. Now they are. It is quite simple to find sources. So why not just tag the article with a request for citations? Kingturtle (talk) 21:35, 1 November 2009 (UTC)
 * "It is quite simple to find sources." And yet in 5½ years, you haven't come up with one? --Wolfer68 (talk) 21:52, 1 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I hadn't been asked. That's what the Citation tags do...they ask :) Kingturtle (talk) 23:43, 1 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. But you've been aware of a citation issue since September 24 when this was added to the AFD discussion. I haven't done well finding any sources online, so please, as someone who wants to save this article, add even one or two. It's quite simple, right? --Wolfer68 (talk) 16:44, 2 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I've been busy with many things and haven't had time to find sources. What they Citation tag does is gives the article some time to get up to par. I won't necessarily be able to dig up citations this week (I'm in the midst of a PhD process), but I know during some breaks (like Thanksgiving and Xmas) I will have that sort of time. Kingturtle (talk) 17:45, 2 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I'd suggest making a copy of this article in your userspace and, when you have the time to look for sources, edit that copy. Assuming this article is deleted you can then recreate the article with enough citation to satisfy notability and verifiability.  Adding a citation tag to the article would have been good, but since it is up for deletion I don't think it's unreasonable to ask for a few sources to demonstrate that the article isn't original research.  I think most editors that see an article that makes this many claims and has no resources listed will consider it original research.  Narthring (talk  • contribs) 02:25, 3 November 2009 (UTC)
 * It is my experience that editors who encounter articles without sources place a tag atop the article requesting citations. That's the AGF way to proceed. Kingturtle (talk) 02:37, 3 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Keep My initial objection was, in retrospect, over nothing more than the name of the article, which is not a very good reason for deleting it. I think many of us who have said "delete" have had the initial reaction: (a) This says it is about "theme songs" (b) This was not what I was expecting and (c) This cannot be fixed.   Since theme song is an ambiguous term, and since many of us tend to associate that term with the opening music of a television show (i.e., "Boss of Me" being the theme for "Malcolm in the Middle"), a more appropriate name should be affixed to it.   The common thread in the delete !votes is the lack of a definition of the word used in the title of the article, and I'm not in favor of deleting an article for its title-- nor, for that matter, for keeping a bad title at the expense of losing what can be a good article.  Scrap the title, edit and source the content. Mandsford (talk) 16:10, 1 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I think the problem isn't just the name, rather the whole idea. The content is a list of songs "which identifies the band's key sound and image, as well as describing itself". I simply don't see a way to generate that list while sticking within NOR and V. Even if every item was sourced, we would essentially have a sprawling unending list composed of varied opinions from a range of music critics as tho what songs best identified a band's sound and image. -- B figura  (talk) 21:30, 1 November 2009 (UTC)-- B figura  (talk) 21:30, 1 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Delete WP:OR. Reywas92 Talk  23:26, 3 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Question What is the difference between original research and lack of citations? Kingturtle (talk) 03:29, 4 November 2009 (UTC)
 * You've been a Wikipedian longer than I, so I'm taking this as a rhetorical question. I guess my answer would be that if there are no citations, there tends to be a presumption that it's original research -- i.e., a fact is drawn from one's own memory or judgment, rather than from a source that one can point to.  I agree that what some would call O.R. is what others would call "common sense", for example "Hey hey, we're the Monkees!" would be an opening line one would expect to have been intended as a self-reference by The Monkees.  My feeling is that the article, as you originally intended it, was to start a list of those type of songs.  Back in 2005, it wasn't uncommon to start a list and to add the invitation for others to contribute to it; and, as part of the encouragement to others, to not remove someone else's addition.  For better or for worse, the trend now is toward making articles cite their sources, or at least get a start on it.  My observations are that (1) There are, indeed, deletionists who live for the thrill of nominating an article the moment it gets posted, or to root out a long standing article; (2) There are, indeed, inclusionists who will fight to keep an article that is sourced, or that can be (put another way, they live for the thrill of rescuing an article); and (3) That some articles can't be fixed immediately (we all live in the real world and our spare time is limited), and when that's the case, it's better to move the topic to user space so that some fixes can be made.  Everybody here, whether we call them a deletionist, inclusionist or neutral, has a goal of improving Wikipedia.  Mandsford (talk) 14:47, 4 November 2009 (UTC)
 * My question actually is not rhetorical. Thousands of Wikipedia articles have been tagged by users with, allowing time for the article to come up to par. I honestly don't understand why that solution doesn't apply to this case. Kingturtle (talk) 16:56, 4 November 2009 (UTC)
 * It may well be that people are skeptical that a reference tag will lead to any action, particularly with a list article. Using the ctrl + F to search how many of those tagged articles are lists, the count was 36 of the first 5,000 and 73 of the next 5,000.  I'd prefer to see it userfied and worked on, then to take the chance that it won't be deleted.  I'm not sure how much longer we have until an administrator makes that decision.  Mandsford (talk) 18:11, 4 November 2009 (UTC)

Userfy to Kingturtle's userspace. Since the creating editor states the citations can be improved and more time is needed I see no problem with sending the list to userspace in the hope it will be improved and recreated in the mainspace. Narthring (talk • contribs) 18:40, 4 November 2009 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:139.168.175.71

title: User talk:139.168.175.71


text:
1956 NFL season

The 1956 NFL season was the 37th regular season of the National Football League.

With previous television partner DuMont Television Network ending operations prior to the 1956 season, CBS began carrying regular season games across its network nationwide.

The season ended when the New York Giants defeated the Chicago Bears in the NFL Championship Game, 47–7.

Draft
The 1956 NFL Draft was held on November 28, 1955, and January 17–18, 1956 at The Warwick and the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia and the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. With the first pick, the Pittsburgh Steelers selected quarterback and safety Gary Glick from the Colorado State University.

Major rule changes

 * It is now illegal to grab an opponent's facemask (other than the ball carrier): changed to all players in.
 * Using radio receivers to communicate with players on the field is prohibited.
 * The ball for night games was changed from white with black stripes to brown with white stripes.

Conference races
The Lions and the Cardinals had both finished 1955 poorly, 3–9 and 4–7–1, but both got off to fast starts in 1956. Both ended up finishing second in the Conference races.

The Chicago Cardinals got off to their best start ever, going 4–0, until the Redskins beat them 17–14 on October 28. At the midway point, they and the Giants had 5–1 records. In the Western Conference, the Detroit Lions roared to a 6–0 start. In Week Seven (November 11), the Giants pulled ahead with a 23–10 win over the Cards. In Washington, the Lions finally lost. Trapped on his own 1-yard line, Yale Lary took a safety in order to get a free kick. That, and Sam Baker's field goal, gave the Redskins an 18–10 lead to put the game out of reach, and the Lions lost 18–17. The Bears, who had dropped their opener at Baltimore, 28–21, beat Green Bay 38–14 for their sixth straight game, matching Detroit's 6–1 record.

In Week Nine, the Lions dropped their Thanksgiving Day game as Tobin Rote guided Green Bay to three last-quarter touchdowns in a 24–20 win. On Sunday, the Cards 38–27 win over Pittsburgh put them a half game out. The Bears avoided a loss, while the Giants watched a win elude them, as Harlon Hill caught a last-ditch 56-yard touchdown pass from Ed Brown in tying the Giants, 17–17. Both the Bears and the Giants continued to lead their conferences, but only by half a game.

The Cards lost the next two games and any chance at the Eastern title, which the Giants clinched, in part because of a 28–14 win over Washington on December 2. The Western race came down to the Bears and Lions. In Week Ten (December 2), the Lions hosted the Bears and won 42–10, to take the lead. When both teams won the following week, the trip to the championship came down to December 16, the last game of the season, which would have the 9–2 Detroit Lions visiting the 8–2–1 Chicago Bears, who hadn't forgotten the earlier drubbing. The game at Wrigley Field was marked by numerous fights, including a fourth quarter melee involving players, fans, and the police, and a vicious hit well behind the play by the Bears' Ed Meadows that knocked Detroit quarterback Bobby Layne out of the game with a concussion. So, the Bears exacted their revenge with a 38–21 victory. After the game Lions' coach Buddy Parker appealed to the commissioner to punish what the Lions felt was the dirty play of George Halas's Bears, but no ruling was forthcoming.

NFL Championship Game
NY Giants 47, Chi. Bears 7 at Yankee Stadium, New York City, December 30, 1956

Awards

 * NEA NFL Most Valuable Player – Frank Gifford, New York Giants
 * UPI NFL Most Valuable Player – Frank Gifford, New York Giants
 * Sporting News NFL Player of the Year – Frank Gifford, New York Giants

Coaching changes

 * Chicago Bears: George Halas stepped down as head coach and was replaced by Paddy Driscoll.
 * Philadelphia Eagles: Jim Trimble was replaced by Hugh Devore.
 * San Francisco 49ers: Red Strader was replaced by Frankie Albert.

Stadium changes
The New York Giants moved from the Polo Grounds to Yankee Stadium

title: 1956 NFL season


text:
User talk:Refulgentis

RC Patrol-related Proposals in the 2016 Community Wishlist Survey
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"PostWhore" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect PostWhore. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 February 23 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. 𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰 (𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠) 12:23, 23 February 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Refulgentis


text:
Olga Kameneva

Olga Davidovna Kameneva (Ольга Давыдовна Каменева, Ольга Давидiвна Каменева; 1883 – 11 September 1941) (née Bronstein — Бронште́йн) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet politician. She was the sister of Leon Trotsky and the wife of Lev Kamenev.

Childhood and revolutionary career (1883–1917)
Olga Bronstein was born in Yanovka, Kherson Governorate, Russian Empire (present-day Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine), a small village 15 miles from the nearest post office. She was one of two daughters of a wealthy but illiterate farmer, David Leontyevich Bronstein (or Bronshtein, 1847–1922), a Jewish colonist, and Anna Lvovna (née Zhivotovskaya) (1850–1910). Although the family was of Jewish extraction, they were not religious and the languages spoken at home were Russian and Ukrainian, not Yiddish.

Olga joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in 1902 and soon married Lev Kamenev, a fellow Marxist revolutionary. In 1908, after Kamenev's release from prison, the couple left Russia for Geneva and then Paris, where Kamenev became one of Vladimir Lenin's two deputies. The couple helped Lenin edit the main Bolshevik magazine Proletariy. In January 1914, the Kamenevs moved to St. Petersburg so that Lev could be in immediate control of the Bolsheviks' legal newspaper Pravda and their Duma faction.

Theater and CPSU's Women's Section (1918–1920)
In early 1918, after the October Revolution of 1917, Kameneva was put in charge of the Theater Division (TEO) of the People's Commissariat for Education. Working with theatrical director and theorist Vsevolod Meyerhold, she tried to radicalize Russian theaters, effectively nationalizing them under Bolshevik control. However, Meyerhold came down with tuberculosis in May 1919 and had to leave for the South. In his absence, the head of the Commissariat, Anatoly Lunacharsky, secured Lenin's permission to revise government policy in favor of more traditional theaters and dismissed Kameneva in June.

From the time it was organized in October 1919, Kameneva was a member of the board of directors of the Soviet Communist Party's Women's Section. In 1920, she supported People's Commissar of Public Health Nikolai Semashko's opinion that contraception was "unquestionably harmful" and should not be advocated.

Managing Soviet contacts with the West (1921–1928)
Between 1921 and 1923, Kameneva was a leading member of the Central Commission for Fighting the After-Effects of the Famine and oversaw a propaganda campaign against the American Relief Administration (ARA) under Herbert Hoover in the Soviet press. Between 1923 and 1925, she was the head of the short-lived Commission for Foreign Relief (KZP), a Soviet governmental commission that regulated and then liquidated remaining Western charities in the Soviet Union. From 1926 to 1928, Kameneva served as chairman of the USSR Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries ("Voks", Vsesoiuznoe Obshchestvo Kul'turnoi Sviazi s Zagranitsei) In that capacity she greeted many prominent Western visitors to the Soviet Union, e.g. Le Corbusier and Theodore Dreiser, and represented the Soviet Union at the festivities in Vienna commemorating the centennial of Ludwig van Beethoven's death in March–April 1927. Throughout the 1920s, she also ran a leading literary salon in Moscow.

In the early 1920s, Kameneva's family life began to disintegrate, starting with Lev Kamenev's reputed affair with the British sculptor Clare Sheridan in 1920. In the late 1920s, he left Kameneva for Tatiana Glebova, with whom he had a son, Vladimir Glebov (1929–1994).

Fall from power and execution (1928–1941)
Kameneva quickly lost her influence after Kamenev and Trotsky's defeat at the Communist Party Congress in December 1927. On 27 July 1935, the NKVD (Soviet secret police) Special Board banned her from Moscow and Leningrad for 5 years in connection with the Kremlin Affair. After Lev Kamenev's show trial and execution on 25 August 1936, she was arrested and imprisoned. Her younger son, Yuri Lvovich Kamenev, was executed on 30 January 1938 at the age of 17. Her older son, Air Force officer Alexander Lvovich Kamenev, was executed on 15 July 1939 at the age of 33. Her famous brother Leon was attacked in Mexico City on 20 August 1940 and died the next day.

In 1941, Kameneva was in Oryol Prison. She was shot on 11 September in the Medvedev forest outside Orel together with Christian Rakovsky, Maria Spiridonova and 160 other prominent political prisoners in the Medvedev Forest massacre. This execution was one of the many NKVD prisoner massacres committed in 1941.

In popular culture
Kameneva is the main protagonist in the novel, The Impossible History of Trotsky's Sister by Maree F. Roberts, published in June 2021. In the novel, she is given a second, imagined life in Melbourne, Australia, after World War Two.

title: Olga Kameneva


text:
Umbra (poets)

Umbra was a collective of young black writers based in Manhattan's Lower East Side that was founded in 1962.

Background
Umbra was one of the first post-civil rights Black literary groups to make an impact as radical in the sense of establishing their own voice distinct from, and sometimes at odds with, the prevailing white literary establishment. The attempt to merge a Black-oriented activist thrust with a primarily artistic orientation produced a classic split in Umbra between those who wanted to be activists and those who thought of themselves as primarily writers, though to some extent all members shared both views. Black writers have always had to face the issue of whether their work was primarily political or aesthetic. Moreover, Umbra itself had evolved out of similar circumstances: in 1960, a Black nationalist literary organization, On Guard for Freedom, had been founded on the Lower East Side by Calvin Hicks. Its members included Nannie and Walter Bowe, Harold Cruse (who was then working on The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual, 1967), Tom Dent, Rosa Guy, Joe Johnson, LeRoi Jones, and Sarah Wright, among others. On Guard was active in a famous protest at the United Nations of the American-sponsored Bay of Pigs Cuban invasion and was active in support of the Congolese liberation leader Patrice Lumumba. From On Guard, Dent, Johnson, and Brenda Walcott and Askia Touré established Umbra.

Umbra Magazine
The Umbra collective produced Umbra Magazine, which grew out of Friday-night workshops, meetings, and readings on Manhattan's Lower East Side in summer 1962, "and out of the need expressed for it at those meetings". Two issues, edited by Calvin Hernton, David Henderson and Tom Dent, were produced during the group's life-time, including a 'Richard Wright Mnemonicon' in the second issue. After the group split and the workshops themselves ended following the assassinations of Malcolm X and John F. Kennedy, David Henderson took over as editor. A third issue appeared as Umbra Anthology: 1967–1968, followed by the fourth issue, Umbra Blackworks, in 1970, and Umbra Latin / Soul, co-edited by Henderson, Barbara Christian and Victor Hernandez Cruz, in 1974.

Major writers

 * Steve Cannon
 * Thomas Covington Dent/Tom Dent
 * Al Haynes
 * David Henderson
 * Calvin C. Hernton
 * Joe Johnson
 * Norman Pritchard
 * Lennox Raphael
 * Ishmael Reed
 * Archie Shepp, musician-writer
 * Cecil Taylor, musician-poet
 * Art Berger
 * Lorenzo Thomas
 * James Thompson
 * Askia M. Touré (Roland Snellings; also a visual artist)
 * Brenda Walcott
 * Raymond R. Patterson
 * Rashidah Ismaili

Askia Touré, a major shaper of "cultural nationalism", directly influenced LeRoi Jones, along with Umbra writer Charles Patterson and Charles's brother, William Patterson. Touré joined Jones, Steve Young, and others at BART/S (Black Arts Repertory Theatre/School). Umbra is often cited as a predecessor to the Black Arts Movement, and is discussed in books such as Eugene Redmond's Drumvoices, Aldon Nielsen's Black Chant, Kalamu ya Salaam's The Magic of Juju and Lorenzo Thomas's Extraordinary Measures. Many members of Umbra took part in Black Arts and post-Black Arts activity, including Ishmael Reed's Before Columbus Foundation in California, David Henderson's involvement with the Nuyorican Poets Cafe in New York, and Tom Dent's work with The Free Southern Theatre in New Orleans. (Dent also established the long-running magazine Callaloo, alongside Charles Henry Rowell and Jerry Ward.)

title: Umbra (poets)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of theme songs without lyrics

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result was   delete.  Sandstein  17:32, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

List of theme songs without lyrics

 * – (View AfD) (View log)

Indiscriminate information. I fail to see how lacking lyrics is a defining criterion for a theme song; that would include 99.9% of game show theme music, for one. See previous VFD from 2005 here. Ten Pound Hammer, his otters and a clue-bat • (Many otters • One bat • One hammer) 16:37, 29 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Delete as WP:LISTCRUFT. In addition, who determined the guidelines given for inclusion? THE AMERICAN METROSEXUAL 16:51, 29 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Probably the IP that started this article? (Yes, it's been around that long.) Ten Pound Hammer, his otters and a clue-bat • (Many otters • One bat • One hammer) 16:56, 29 September 2009 (UTC)

I say keep - it's a unique resource that could be used and could be a good exercise for example in creative writing to write your own lyrics to one. Seems worth a page to me. Anrawel (second ever Wikipedia comment). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.28.76.45 (talk) 17:52, 1 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Lists-related deletion discussions.  -- – Juliancolton  | Talk 17:23, 29 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Music-related deletion discussions.  -- – Juliancolton  | Talk 17:23, 29 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Delete - It's Wp:LISTCRUFT, pure and simple. It's also amazing how times change - it was saved when it went to VfD in 2005 by being "a cool idea" (three times), "perfectly harmless" and because it "makes plenty of sense". All five of those rationales wouldn't have a leg to stand on now. DitzyNizzy (aka Jess) | (talk to me) | (What I've done)  21:57, 29 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Delete One might as well make a list of classical symphonies that don't have lyrics. TV shows either have theme songs that one can sing along to, or they have melodies that people make up fake lyrics for.  There are hundreds of examples in both categories.   In the latter case, they are called "instrumentals", and in many cases, they have a composer who has given the composition a name (although most often, the song has the imaginative title "Theme from ____".  I can see some merit to leaving in the items that have discriminating information, since this type of thing can be sourced.  However, I see no merit to a bunch of people saying, "Add NCIS and NCIS:Los Angeles to the list!" Mandsford (talk) 02:22, 30 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Delete Incredible listcruft, especially seeing as most programs today either go with some five-second ditty as a 'theme song' or none at all. Can't really source this well as there are a few songs on this list that do actually feature lyrics that aren't played on a show.  Nate  • ( chatter ) 04:40, 30 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Delete per WP:LISTCRUFT. ArcAngel (talk) 19:45, 1 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Delete - per nom. Rlendog (talk) 02:12, 3 October 2009 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.