text:
Roe Highway

Roe Highway is a 35 km limited-access highway and partial freeway in Perth, Western Australia, linking Kewdale with the city's north-eastern and south-western suburbs. The northern terminus is at Reid Highway and Great Northern Highway in Middle Swan, and the southern terminus is with Murdoch Drive at the Kwinana Freeway interchange in Bibra Lake. Roe Highway, in addition to Reid Highway, form State Route 3, a partial ring road around the outer suburbs of the Perth metropolitan area. Roe Highway also forms part of National Highway 94 from Great Eastern Highway Bypass to Great Eastern Highway, and National Highway 95 from Great Eastern Highway to Great Northern Highway.

Although planning for Roe Highway's route began in the 1950s, construction on the highway's first segment only began in 1981, which was opened in 1983, concurrent with the construction of Tonkin Highway and development of the Kewdale industrial area. The highway remains a key heavy vehicle route in the Perth metropolitan area. In the 1980s and 1990s, most of the highway's interchanges with other roads were constructed as at-grade intersections with traffic lights, as were Perth's other arterial highways also constructed during that time. From 2002 to 2006, the 20 km section of the highway from Tonkin Highway to Kwinana Freeway was constructed as a continuous freeway, with grade-separated interchanges and free traffic flow, and since 2012 several remaining at-grade intersections of the rest of the highway have been grade-separated. Six at-grade traffic-light controlled intersections remain on the highway today.

Planning provisions have proposed for Roe Highway to be extended from its current south-western terminus in Bibra Lake towards Fremantle since the 1950s. These plans have been controversial amongst conservationist and community groups due to the highway's proposed route through the environmentally sensitive Beeliar Wetlands. The Western Australian state government commenced construction on the first stage of an extension of Roe Highway from Kwinana Freeway to Stock Road (known as Roe Highway Stage 8) in December 2016; construction of the extension was suspended in March 2017 following a change of government in the 2017 state election. The new government has since reconfigured the extension to curve northwards to link with Murdoch Drive instead. Construction on this project commenced in 2018 and was completed in April 2020.

Route description
Roe Highway is part of State Route 3, Perth's partial outer ring road, though it also carries National Highways 94 and 95 for parts of the highway. A dual carriageway limited-access highway maintained by Main Roads Western Australia, most junctions along the road are grade-separated interchanges, though some are at-grade traffic-light controlled intersections; the 20 km section between Tonkin Highway and the Kwinana Freeway (a little more than half the highway's entire length) is a continuous freeway.

The speed limit for the highway is mostly 100 km/h; however, the section between Great Northern Highway and Morrison Road carries a 90 km/h, and it is 80 km/h at the Great Eastern Highway Bypass intersection. Otherwise, the speed limit near at-grade intersections is 70 km/h. A principal shared path (PSP) exists alongside most of Roe Highway, from Berkshire Road to Kwinana Freeway.

Middle Swan to Forrestfield
Roe Highway commences in Middle Swan within the City of Swan local government area (LGA) at Great Northern Highway at a traffic light controlled intersection as an eastern continuation of Reid Highway. Upon the highway's commencement it is carrying both State Route 3 (continuing from Reid Highway) and National Highway 95 (continuing from Great Northern Highway to the north). The highway then curves to the south, reaching Toodyay Road 1.4 km later. From there the highway briefly borders the suburb of Stratton before entering Midvale, reaching another traffic light controlled intersection with Morrison Road 2 km later. Only another 900 m takes the highway to Great Eastern Highway at a modified diamond interchange with a northbound to eastbound loop ramp to cater for heavy vehicles. At this interchange, National Highway 95 terminates here, and simultaneously gains the National Highway 94 allocation, continuing from Great Eastern Highway to the east.

Following the Great Eastern Highway interchange Roe Highway is entirely within the suburb of Bellevue, getting to Clayton Street only 800 m further on. It is a half diamond interchange with only a northbound exit and southbound entry ramp. Not any further from that interchange, the highway crosses the Helena River, sending the highway into the suburb of Hazelmere, passing under Bushmead Road, and reaching the Great Eastern Highway Bypass another 2 km south of Clayton Street. At this intersection National Highway 95 continues west on the Bypass. After 1.7 km, Roe Highway enters the City of Kalamunda LGA, bordering the suburbs of High Wycombe and Maida Vale and then reaches Kalamunda Road at a dogbone interchange 1.1 km later. Another 1.3 km takes the highway to another half diamond interchange at Maida Vale Road, also with only northbound exit and southbound entrance ramps. 2.4 km later, Roe Highway reaches Berkshire Road at a diamond interchange with a "tennis ball" configuration, with traffic cutting through the roundabouts rather than circulating around them. At the same time the highway enters the suburb of Forrestfield. Another 2.3 km takes the highway to Tonkin Highway. This major junction was originally a diamond interchange favouring Tonkin Highway, but is now a partial freeway-to-freeway interchange, with the left turns from Roe Highway free-flowing. There are plans to upgrade this junction into being a fully free-flowing interchange in the future.

Forrestfield to Bibra Lake
Following the interchange at Tonkin Highway, Roe Highway now forms the boundaries of the City of Belmont and Kalamunda LGAs to the west and east, respectively, as well as their respective suburbs, Kewdale and Wattle Grove, before crossing freight railway lines and briefly entering the suburbs of East Cannington and Welshpool within the vicinity of the Orrong Road and Welshpool Road East interchange, within the City of Gosnells LGA, 1.3 km further south from Tonkin Highway. Within this stretch the highway is four lanes southbound and three lanes northbound. Roe Highway is thereafter within the suburb of Beckenham, with the freight railway line travelling alongside the highway's eastern side. Roe Highway reaches Kenwick Link (a bypass of Albany Highway) 4.2 km further south. Midway through these interchanges, the highway passes under Brixton Street and the bypassed section of Albany Highway. A further 600 m southwest of the interchange takes the freeway to the Canning River, which Roe Highway crosses over as the Djarlgarra Bridge, after which the highway is now bordering the suburbs of Langford and Thornlie. Roe Highway passes under Spencer Road before reaching Nicholson Road, 2.6 km west of the river. The highway, which is now within the City of Canning and bordering the residential suburb of Parkwood and industrial suburb of Canning Vale, reaches Willeri Drive 2.6 km further west, after which it is now bordering Willetton to the north, and then reaches South Street 2 km further southwest. Following this interchange Roe Highway is now within the City of Cockburn and bordering the suburbs of Leeming and Jandakot, reaching Karel Avenue 3.1 km further west. After 900 m, Roe Highway reaches a partial combination interchange (originally a trumpet interchange) at the junction of the Kwinana Freeway (this interchange lacks southbound-to-westbound and eastbound-to-northbound movements) in Bibra Lake; Roe Highway terminates at this interchange, continuing northwards as Murdoch Drive.

History
Roe Highway was first proposed in 1955 by Gordon Stephenson as part of what was to become the Metropolitan Region Planning Scheme. The highway was intended to form the southern and eastern sections of a ring route around the Perth metropolitan area. It is named in honour of John Septimus Roe, who arrived in Western Australia in 1829 and served as the first state Surveyor General of Western Australia for 41 years.

Work began in 1981, with the first section between the Beechboro-Gosnells Highway and Bushmead Road opening in 1983. The next section, from Bushmead Road to Great Eastern Highway was opened in 1984. The third stage, linking the Great Eastern Highway and Great Northern Highway opened on 14 December 1988, at the same time as the Great Eastern Highway Bypass opened. The state Minister for Transport, Bob Pearce was assisted in the opening ceremony by Jason and Rachael Roe, two of the sixth generation of the Roe family to live in Australia and descendants of John Septimus Roe. The new roads provided a limited access dual carriageway bypass of the historical Guildford and Midland districts that were much needed at the time.

In 1994, the highway was extended 2 km further southwards from Tonkin Highway to Welshpool Road. Following seven years in hiatus, work recommenced, and in 2001 a new 4 km southwestern extension known as stage 4 was completed from Welshpool Road to the purpose-built Kenwick Link (an Albany Highway bypass built in 1998) – most of which replaced the overtaxed William Street in Beckenham. Work on the 3 km stage 5 was undertaken simultaneously with stage 4, bringing the highway to Nicholson Road in 2002.

Stage 6, a 5 km extension from Nicholson Road to South Street was completed in 2004, with stage 7 being announced shortly afterwards. Prior to 2006, the exit to the freeway from the present Roe Highway Intersection was Hope Road. When the 4.5 km, $75 million extension from South Street to Kwinana Freeway was completed in March 2006 (Roe Highway stage 7), this meant that Hope Road was severed to the connection of the freeway with the road east of Berrigan Drive being renamed to Karel Avenue. Hope Road is now a series of local streets with the east of the freeway accessing to the West Power Jandakot Distribution Centre.

The 19 km of road built since 1994 between Tonkin Highway and Kwinana Freeway, is to a freeway standard. It may in the future be upgraded to a freeway classification.

In June 2012, the new grade-separated interchange opened at the Great Eastern Highway intersection, allowing free-flowing traffic on Roe Highway over Great Eastern Highway. The design includes a northbound to eastbound loop ramp to cater for heavy vehicles, and three pedestrian underpasses.

Proposal to extend Roe to Fremantle
Roe Highway was first proposed in 1955 by Gordon Stephenson as part of what was to become the Metropolitan Region Planning Scheme. The highway was intended to form the southern and eastern sections of a ring route around the Perth metropolitan area. In the 1950s, Stephenson planned for Roe Highway to continue westwards towards Fremantle, through South Fremantle along Marine Terrace and then north to connect with Stirling Highway and the Port of Fremantle. As part of the plan, in 1974 Stirling Highway was extended from its then terminus north of the Swan River southwards to Canning Highway. Over a period of approximately 20 years, Main Roads Western Australia procured land, and in 1985, Stirling Highway was extended southwards from Canning Highway to High Street (the western continuation of Leach Highway). The remaining 3 km strip of land south of High Street then became known as the Fremantle Eastern Bypass.

At the southern end of the proposed Fremantle Eastern Bypass, an 8 km east–west road reservation was proclaimed, and became known as Roe Highway stage 8 (or Roe 8). With a change of state governments in 2001, the planned Fremantle Eastern Bypass / Roe Highway stage 8 was cancelled, with a commitment by the government to sell the land reserved for the Fremantle Eastern Bypass. As part of the funding arrangement for Roe Highway stages 6 and 7, the federal government stipulated that the Roe Highway stage 8 reservation was to be retained.

Following a change in state governments in September 2008, planning work commenced on an extension of Roe Highway from Kwinana Freeway to Stock Road. Parliamentary debate continued in 2012 as the state government continued its intention to implement the plan.

The plan was ultimately formalised as The Perth Freight Link in May 2014, a $1.6 billion project to improve the road freight link between Kewdale and Fremantle Harbour. In addition to the 5 km extension of Roe Highway, upgrades were also planned for Stock Road, Leach Highway, and High Street to provide a grade-separated route, bypassing fourteen sets of traffic signals. The plan included mandatory GPS tracking of all vehicles over an undisclosed size or weight with a charge per kilometre applied for vehicles travelling in the area between Muchea and North Fremantle. The extension would have taken the highway from its current terminus at Kwinana Freeway approximately 5 km further west to Stock Road, near Forrest Road in Coolbellup. The proposed route was along or within the vicinity of an existing road reserve in the Perth Metropolitan Region Scheme.

In September 2015 the group Save the Beeliar Wetlands took legal action against the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), arguing that the EPA did not follow its own policies. Preliminary works began on the project during November 2015, which drew protests with many people being given move-on orders preventing them from being in the area. On 16 December 2015 the Supreme Court handed down its findings: that because the EPA did not follow its published policies as it was legally obliged to, the approval of Roe 8 and the subsequent approval given by the environment minister Albert Jacobs were invalid.

Noongar custodian Corina Abraham, on behalf of the local Whadjuk Noongar people filed writs against members of the Department of Aboriginal Affairs cultural committee and the current WA Minister for Aboriginal Affairs Peter Collier in the WA Supreme Court on 30 March 2016. The writs allege that they did not receive procedural fairness as both Abraham and her now deceased father were part of the group consulted in the original group consulted in the report which the committee later overturned to enable the project's approval. Abraham's lawyer Greg McIntyre QC (who had also been Eddie Mabo's lawyer) also sought an injunction to prevent the minister making any decisions based on the new recommendation until the matter is heard by the court.

2017 State election and the Murdoch Drive Connection
After the 2017 state election, the incoming McGowan Government stated it intended to scrap the entire project. On 12 March, Main Roads and the contractors agreed to suspend work on the project.

In early 2018 plans were revealed to extend Roe Highway to curve northwards to meet Murdoch Drive instead, with modifications made to the existing Kwinana Freeway interchange, converting it from a trumpet to a modified combination interchange though with no access from Kwinana Freeway south to Murdoch Drive west nor Murdoch Drive east to Kwinana Freeway north due to the nearby Farrington Road interchange providing the same required movements to enter/exit the freeway. A modified half diamond interchange between Murdoch Drive and Farrington Road/Bibra Drive was also constructed to provide an upgraded southern access to the Murdoch activity centre. The project was completed on 20 April 2020.

Gateway WA
Gateway WA was a $1 billion project that upgraded the road network around Perth Airport. It was, at the time, the largest project Main Roads Western Australia had ever undertaken, covering the upgrade of Tonkin, Leach, and Roe Highways, and the construction of four new interchanges. The project was jointly funded by state and federal governments, which provided $317.5 million and $686.4 million respectively.

As part of the project, Roe Highway's interchange with Tonkin Highway was upgraded, noise walls were erected along Roe Highway in High Wycombe, and a new interchange between Roe Highway and Berkshire Road was constructed. The project was completed in April 2016.

Karel Avenue Interchange Upgrade
Work commenced in July 2019 to widen Karel Avenue to four lanes between Farrington Road and Berrigan Drive, including duplication of the bridge crossing the Roe Highway. Despite the interchange itself only opening in 2006, the $15 million upgrade was required due to the development of the Jandakot City project to the south of the interchange along with the construction of the Thornlie-Cockburn Link. This is due for completion in mid-2021.

Kalamunda Road Interchange
The $86 million project to convert the intersection of Roe Highway and Kalamunda Road to a dogbone interchange started in September 2019 as part of the progressive removal of at-grade signalised intersections along Roe Highway. This is due for completion. A staged extension of the Principal Shared Path (PSP) is also being built between the existing Berkshire and future Kalamunda Road interchanges. The Berkshire–Maida Vale Road section was completed in September 2020, with the Maida Vale–Kalamunda section.

Great Eastern Highway Bypass Interchange
Planning and development of an interchange between Roe Highway and the Great Eastern Highway Bypass is also underway as part of a wider upgrade of infrastructure in the Hazelmere industrial area. Once completed there will be just two sets of traffic lights intersections south of the Great Eastern Highway.

title: Roe Highway


text:
Barney & the Backyard Gang

Barney & the Backyard Gang is an American direct-to-video series produced by The Lyons Group and released in periodic installments from August 29, 1988, to September 21, 1991. The series' success led to the launch of the children's television show, Barney & Friends, which in its original run aired on PBS from April 6, 1992, to November 2, 2010.

The first three episodes from 1988 and 1989 include Sandy Duncan as Michael and Amy's mother. (At the time, Duncan was starring on the NBC sitcom The Hogan Family.) Music for the Barney & the Backyard Gang videos was created by Stephen Bates Baltes and Phillip Parker (as with the television series), and Lory Lazarus wrote the first original song produced for Barney, "Friends Are Forever", sung by Duncan. In the first five videos, "I Love You" was sung at the beginning. Although "I Love You" was sung at the end of Barney Goes to School and Barney in Concert, and later frequently sung at the end of all episodes of Barney & Friends, it was not featured at the end of Rock with Barney.

The series was a regional success, but only a moderate success throughout the rest of the country. Then one day, in 1991, Larry Rifkin, then head of Connecticut Public Television, rented a Barney video for his daughter Leora. He liked the concept and talked to Leach about possibly putting Barney on television through the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). Rock with Barney was the final video in the series before the television show debuted. Also, only four of the kids from the videos (Michael, Derek, Tina, and Luci) were carried over to the television show.

Video list
In order of release date:

 * The Backyard Show (originally released on August 29, 1988; last reissued in 1992)
 * Three Wishes (originally released on December 10, 1988; last reissued in 1992)
 * A Day at the Beach (originally released on February 24, 1989; last reissued in 1992)
 * Waiting for Santa (originally released on April 30, 1990; last reissued on September 29, 1998)
 * Campfire Sing-Along (originally released on May 30, 1990; last reissued on March 26, 1996)
 * Barney Goes to School (originally released on August 15, 1990; last reissued on March 26, 1996)
 * Barney in Concert (originally released on July 29, 1991; last reissued on July 18, 2000)
 * Rock with Barney (Series Finale) (originally released on September 21, 1991; last reissued on March 26, 1996)

Cast

 * Baby Bop (Costume) - Dao Knight (1991)
 * Baby Bop (Voice) - Julie Johnson (1991)
 * Barney (Costume) - David Voss (1988–1990), David Joyner (1991)
 * Barney (Voice) - Bob West (1988–1991)
 * Adam - Alexander Jhin (1988–1991)
 * Amy - Becky Swonke (1988–1991)
 * Dad - Bob Reed (1988–1989)
 * Derek - Rickey Carter (1990–1991)
 * Jason - Salim Grant (1988–1989)
 * Jeffrey - Jeffrey Lowe (1990)
 * Luci - Leah Gloria (1988–1991)
 * Michael - Brian Eppes (1988–1991)
 * Mom - Sandy Duncan (1988–1989)
 * Tina - Jessica Zucha (1988–1991)

Guest appearances

 * Sandy Duncan (played Molly the Mermaid in A Day at the Beach)
 * Jeanne Cairns (played Mrs. Claus in Waiting for Santa)
 * Henry Hammack (played Santa Claus in Waiting for Santa)
 * Sonya Resendez (played Tina's Mom in Campfire Sing-Along)
 * Philip Parker (performed as the Bear in Campfire Sing-Along)
 * Lauren King (played Kathy in Rock with Barney)
 * Alexis Harris (played Jennifer in Rock with Barney)
 * Ajay Reddy (played AJ in Rock with Barney)
 * Chris Rodriguez (played Joseph in Rock with Barney)
 * Lourdes Regala (played Adam's mother in Rock with Barney)

Syndication
The first six videos of this series aired on The Disney Channel in November 1990 as a part of its "Music Box" program.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Barney & the Backyard Gang


text:
Bye Bye Baby (Madonna song)

"Bye Bye Baby" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Madonna, for her fifth studio album Erotica (1992). It was released on November 15, 1993, as the sixth and final single from the album only outside the US. "Bye Bye Baby" was written by Madonna, Shep Pettibone, and Anthony Shimkin and was produced by Madonna and Pettibone. The song is inspired by Madonna's emotions of that time and her S&M thoughts. Musically, it is a hip hop song, sampling a hook from LL Cool J's track "Jingling Baby", released in 1990. Madonna's vocals were filtered to make them appear as sound coming out from an answering machine. "Bye Bye Baby" features instrumentation from keyboard and lyrically finds Madonna asking questions to a lover she is about to abandon.

"Bye Bye Baby" received mixed reviews from music critics, who complimented the composition and lyrics, but were disappointed with Madonna's vocal delivery. The song received limited release worldwide, peaking at number seven in Italy, and also charting in Australia, New Zealand and Switzerland. Madonna performed "Bye Bye Baby" on the 1993 MTV Video Music Awards and on her Girlie Show World Tour the same year. For both performances, she was dressed as a Victorian gentleman in tailcoat and top hat. She and her backup singers danced with three scantily clad women in a brothel-style setting, while singing the song. Critics and authors noted the gender bending and role play in the performance, and found it to be a response to misogyny.

Background and remixes
After the completion of filming A League of Their Own, Madonna began working on her fifth studio album Erotica with Shep Pettibone. The singer was feeling miserable after a string of failed relationships, and she vented out the frustration and depression in her music. According to Lucy O'Brien, author of Madonna: Like an Icon, there were no "sugar-coated" songs on the album, most of which dealt with Madonna's emotions. She appropriated a dominatrix persona called Dita, and the songwriting for the album, as well as the imagery in the coffee table book Sex, reflected her S&M thoughts. "Bye Bye Baby" was one such song written, dealing with strong emotions.

The release of "Bye Bye Baby" in Australia on November 15, 1993 coincided with Madonna's Australian leg of her Girlie Show World Tour. The single release of the song was accompanied by remixes produced by Ricky Crespo. Some of them have additional beats and horn sounds thrown into the original mix. In his review of the single, Jose F. Promis from AllMusic expressed that the album version was the best, and the "Madonna's Night On the Club" remix featured "swirling organs and guitar effects" set against an early-1990s house beat, making it the most interesting of the bunch.

Recording and composition
"Bye Bye Baby" was written by Madonna, Shep Pettibone and Anthony Shimkin and was produced by Madonna and Pettibone. The song was recorded at Sound Works Studios in Astoria, New York, and samples a hook from LL Cool J's single, "Jingling Baby" (1990). Pettibone also did the sequencing, the keyboard arrangement and the programming for the track with Shimkin. Dennis Mitchell and Robin Hancock were the recording engineers for the track while George Karras was the mixing engineer. Ted Jensen did the mastering for the song with Mark Goodman as assistant engineer. Background vocals were provided by Niki Haris and Donna De Lory. For "Bye Bye Baby", Madonna and Pettibone wanted a 1940s theme, which would make the vocals sound as if they were coming out of an antique radio. In order to achieve that, they used a Pultec HLF filter. Shimkin recalled that the vocals for "Bye Bye Baby" were from the first take. He added that the filtered vocal effect were applied during recording and played with while Madonna was in front of the microphone singing.

"Bye Bye Baby" is a hip hop and dance song which begins with the declaration, "This is not a love song". A low bass is heard against a high-pitched 1960s keyboard sound. Madonna's vocals were attenuated to sound much thinner with more treble. Guitar sounds are spread throughout occasionally with shouting voices being heard in the background. The song ends with the sound of an explosion. Madonna's filtered voice sounds like an answering machine; the final line, "You fucked it up", is bleeped out like the machine's end-of-message tone. According to the sheet music published by Alfred Publishing Inc., the song is set in the time signature of common time with a fast tempo of 109 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of G minor, with Madonna's voice in a high register, spanning between F3 to A4. The song has a basic sequence of G–B♭–G–D–G–Dm as its chord progression.

In the song, lyrically Madonna asks questions for a lover she is about to abandon: "Does it make you feel good to see me cry? I think it does", she affirms. The lyric "I'd like to hurt you" was compared to that of Madonna's previous single "Erotica", where she said: "I only hurt the ones I love". Richard Harrington from The Washington Post noted that Madonna used a "sonically filtered, detached and slightly taunting voice to talk about taking control rather than exacting revenge on a domineering, mind-game-playing partner" in the song. Regarding the lyrics, Chris Willman from the Los Angeles Times called "Bye Bye Baby" a "brushoff song".

Critical response
"Bye Bye Baby" received mostly mixed reviews from critics. Stephen Holden of The New York Times described it as "sly, spunky". J. D. Considine from The Baltimore Sun praised the song by saying: "It's when [Madonna] and her co-producers push beyond the expected – as with the dense, gimmicky groove of "Bye Bye Baby" [...] the album really heats up, providing a sound that is body-conscious in the best sense of the term." David Browne from Entertainment Weekly wrote that Madonna was "honest" in the song. Louis Virtel of The Backlot included the song on his list of "The 100 Greatest Madonna Songs", describing its composition as "a hip-hop kiss-off with cabaret flair." Michael R. Smith from The Daily Vault found the track to be "defiant" and "in-your-face". He realized that Madonna directed the lyrics to her past relationships with actor Warren Beatty and comedian Sandra Bernhard. In 2018, Billboard picked it as the singer's 60th greatest single, calling it "one of the oddball highlights on the most ambitious album in her catalog".

Arion Berger from Rolling Stone noticed the story line of Madonna "dumping" her lover in the song, but felt that her vocals were "infantile" and her delivery was "flat". He added that her singing did not sound "assertive" and that "[Madonna] could be a drag queen toying with a pop hit of the past." Rikky Rooksby, author of The Complete Guide to the Music of Madonna, felt that the "aggressive" lyrics and the profanity at the end of the song, did not suit the erotic vibe of the album, "and strengthens the air of narcissism and calculation". O'Brien noticed Madonna's vocals as cool and minimal, but sounding "flat". She criticized the dance beat of the song for being "barely discernible" adding that Madonna sounds "like she is either not fully concentrating, or doesn't have many resources to draw on – what alternative healers would call 'scattered chi', a depleted life force." While ranking Madonna's singles, in honor of her 60th birthday, Jude Rogers from The Guardian placed "Bye Bye Baby" at number 55, writing that "[Madonna’s] babyish 1940s-style vocals, filtered to sound like they’re wavering through a wireless, still crackle with charm".

Chart performance
"Bye Bye Baby" received limited release, being officially released in Australasia, Germany and Japan. However, it peaked at number seven on the Italian Singles Chart despite not being officially released as a single in that country. It became the fifth single from the Erotica album to place within the top 10 there. On November 25, 1993, "Bye Bye Baby" debuted at number 39 on the Swiss Hitparade chart, and after three weeks it rose to its peak of number 28, before dropping off the chart. On December 5, 1993, the song debuted on the Australian Singles Chart at number 31. The next week, it peaked at number 15 on the chart. On February 6, 1994, after eight weeks, it fell off the chart. "Bye Bye Baby" entered the New Zealand charts at number 49 the chart week of November 25, 1993, but fell off the chart the following week. It re-entered the chart week of January 23, 1994, ultimately peaking at number 43.

Live performances
On September 2, 1993, Madonna opened the 1993 MTV Video Music Awards performing "Bye Bye Baby". She cavorted on stage with three scantily clad women in a brothel-style setting, dressed in tuxedos and top hats, in a choreographed, highly sexual routine. According to choreographer Alex Magno, he wanted to do "Justify My Love" or "The Beast Within" on MTV, but Madonna decided that they might be too controversial for live television and abandoned the idea. Nevertheless, "Bye Bye Baby" was chosen and performed with the choreography they had been practicing for The Girlie Show World Tour, since it represented the whole idea behind the tour. Louis Virtel from The Backlot ranked the performance at number eight on a list for "Madonna's 11 Greatest VMA Moments". He praised Madonna's rendition of the song at the Video Music Awards, calling it "a hell of a VMA performance" and a "killer cinematic throwback".

The performance of the song on the Girlie Show tour featured Madonna and her backup singers, DeLory and Haris, dressed as Victorian gentlemen in masculine outfits, including top hats and tailcoat. The whole ensemble was an homage to actress Marlene Dietrich in the 1930 American romance drama film Morocco, with the singer carrying a cane in her hands. The main inspiration behind this segment was 1900s showgirls and Japanese all-female cross dressing dance company, Takarazuka Revue. Madonna transformed her voice into that of a circus ringmaster, introducing the arrival of three female strip-club dancers. A voice-alteration similar to the single was used in the performance. The dance routine revolved around three chairs. The female strippers seduced Madonna and the backup singers, by rubbing against them, holding sexual poses and dominated them, before they took control again. The performance on the November 19, 1993 show at Sydney Cricket Ground was recorded and released on VHS and Laserdisc on April 26, 1994, as The Girlie Show: Live Down Under.

Brett Beemyn noted in his book, Queer Studies, that Madonna was expanding on the characteristic butch and femme portrayal with the performance. He added that on a mere glance the performance might appear to be a "typical provoking one" from the singer, but underlying it was a "more complex queer perspective". The butch roles are played by white and African-American women, while the strippers were played by Asian-American women. There are simulations of masturbation and sexual penetration in the performance, while the butch females control the femmes. Beemyn concluded by saying that "the fact that Madonna chose Asian-American women as the femmes reinforces stereotypes of Asian women as the passive, exotic, and feminine 'other'. It also mocks the fact Asian women have been exploited as 'comfort girls' for American servicemen, therefore, Madonna made a statement against male chauvinism, in her queer way." For Gerry Bloustien, author of Girl Making, the performances of both "Bye Bye Baby" and "Like a Virgin" on the tour emphasized the "blurring of gender and representation".

Track listings and formats

 * European and Australian CD single
 * 1) "Bye Bye Baby" (album version) – 3:56
 * 2) "Bye Bye Baby" (N.Y. Hip Hop Mix) – 3:51
 * 3) "Bye Bye Baby" (California Hip Hop Jazzy) – 3:43
 * 4) "Bye Bye Baby" (Madonna's Night on the Club) – 5:16
 * 5) "Bye Bye Baby" (Rick Does Madonna's Dub) – 6:20
 * 6) "Bye Bye Baby" (House Mix) – 3:50
 * 7) "Bye Bye Baby" (Madonna Gets Hardcore) – 4:24

 * European 7-inch and Australian cassette single
 * 1) "Bye Bye Baby" (album version) – 3:56
 * 2) "Bye Bye Baby" (N.Y. Hip Hop Mix) – 3:51

 * European 12-inch maxi-single
 * 1) "Bye Bye Baby" (N.Y. Hip Hop Mix) – 3:51
 * 2) "Bye Bye Baby" (Madonna's Night on the Club) – 5:16
 * 3) "Bye Bye Baby" (Tallahassee Pop) – 3:48
 * 4) "Bye Bye Baby" (Rick Does Madonna's Dub) – 6:20

 * Japanese 3-inch CD single
 * 1) "Bye Bye Baby" (album version) – 3:56
 * 2) "Rain" (radio remix) – 4:33

 * Digital single (2022)
 * 1) "Bye Bye Baby" – 3:56
 * 2) "Bye Bye Baby" (N.Y. Hip Hop Mix) – 3:49
 * 3) "Bye Bye Baby" (California Hip Hop Jazzy) – 3:50
 * 4) "Bye Bye Baby" (Madonna's Night on the Club) – 5:20
 * 5) "Bye Bye Baby" (Rick Does Madonna's Dub) – 6:34
 * 6) "Bye Bye Baby" (House Mix) – 3:52
 * 7) "Bye Bye Baby" (Madonna Gets Hardcore) – 4:26
 * 8) "Bye Bye Baby" (Tallahassee Pop) – 3:50

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from Erotica album liner notes.

Management

 * Recorded at Sound Works Studios, Astoria, New York, New York City
 * Warner Bros. Music Corporation / Bleu Disque Music Company, Webo Girl Publishing, Inc. (ASCAP)
 * Administration by Warner Bros. Music Corporation, Shep Songs by MCA Music Publishing (ASCAP)

Personnel

 * Madonna – lead vocals, songwriter, producer
 * Shep Pettibone – songwriter, producer, sequencing, keyboard, programming
 * Anthony Shimkin – songwriter, sequencing, keyboards, programming
 * Dennis Mitchell – recording engineer
 * Robin Hancock – recording engineer
 * George Karras – mixing engineer
 * Ted Jensen – mastering at Sterling Sound Studios, New York
 * Mark Goodman – assistant engineer
 * Donna De Lory – background vocals
 * Niki Haris – background vocals

title: Bye Bye Baby (Madonna song)


text:
Airntully

Airntully is a village in the Scottish council area of Perth and Kinross, which is to the west of the River Tay, 8 miles (11 km) north of Perth. In the 18th Century, it thrived on cottage weaving. The anonymous writer of the Statistical Account of the Parish of Kinclaven in the 1790s was impressed by the state of the village, commenting that "The county of Perth, were it possessed of no other spot of a similar description, should allow Arntully [sic] to remain in its present state, that a proper contrast might be drawn, between a neat modern village, and one upon the old construction." It retains a relatively unspoilt charm today.

title: Airntully


text: Template:Japan-university-stub

title: Template:Japan-university-stub


text: Category:Lists by death toll

title: Category:Lists by death toll


text:
Talk:Wakeboarding

Comment
Subscribe to wakeboarding edits on YouTube — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nellyfitz (talk • contribs) 03:58, 24 August 2018 (UTC)

Merger
This page should probably be merged with the "wakeboard" article Joezasada 06:20, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

Wakeboarding Terminology Wakeboarding Glossary

The following is a glossary of wakeboarding and wakeskating terms. For trick defintions, please see the Trick List. If we're missing a glossary term, submit it here. A-Frame: A term used to describe a slider or rail that has an up rail, horizontal rail, and down rail that makes the shape of the letter "A".

Air: Getting in the air, the amount of space between the rider and the water.

Air Trick: A trick performed using line tension for lift instead of the wake.

Backside Boardslide/Lipslide: A Boardslide or Lipside where the rider approached the slider or wake with their back closest to the object being used.

Backside Spin: A spin where the rider rotates with the back of their body towards the boat first. For a left-foot forward rider this would be clockwise. Sometimes mistakenly referred to as a "blindside spin".

Bail: A term used to describe falling on your wakeboard.

Ballast: Extra weight added to the boat to make the wake bigger. Ballast can be people, fat sacks, lead, or anything else that's heavy. Some boats include Ballast systems which are built in systems that fill with water.

Bindings: The rubber/foam boots that are attached the board to hold the board to the riders feet.

Blind: Landing blind is also like landing wrapped, where the rider does not pass the handle so they land with the handle behind their back with their back facing the boat. Referred to like a "Tantrum to Blind", or "Front Flip to Blind". Sometimes backside spins are mistakenly referred to as "blind" spins.

Board: A shorter version of "wakeboard".

Boarder: A shorter version of "wakeboarder".

Board Rack: A rack used for holding wakeboards and wakeskates. Usually attached to an extended pylon or tower.

Boardslide: A slide on an obstacle or wake where the nose of the board is what travels over the obstacle. So if you approache a slider with your chest facing it and ollie up and slide with the nose over the slider, it's a Frontside Boardslide.

Boat: A wakeboarder or wakeskater is usually pulled by a motorized boat.

Boat Speed: Refers to the speed the boat is going while pulling a wakeboarder. Most riders ride between 18-24 mph depending on rope length and skill level.

Bone: To bone out a grab or bone out your leg means you straighten it all the way out. So I "boned out grab" is one where your leg or legs are straightened out while grabbing.

Bonk: The act of touching/hitting your board on an obstacle. If a rider "bonks a buoy", they're hitting their board agains the buoy briefly.

Bunny Hop: Another term for Ollie. Bunny Hop comes from world of BMX biking, while Ollie is a term from skateboarding.

Butt Check: When the rider lands a trick and drags or slaps their butt on the water. Generally this is considered a sloppy landing.

Butter: A term used for smooth water.

Cable: Cable wakeboarding is riding at a cable park instead of behind a boat. A cable park is a place where there are a series of mechanical cables connected by towers that pull the rider around the water. There are over 100 cable parks in the world, and they're mainly in Europe.

Case: To "case" the wake means to land right on top of the wake in an abrupt fashion.

Choppy: A word used for rough water.

Continuous Rocker: When the rocker of a board is continuous, meaning it has no flat spot in the center of the bottom of the board. This usually makes for a smoother pop and landing, but not as abrupt or vertical of a pop.

Core: The inside material used in a wakeboard. Common cores are foam, honeycomb, or wood.

Corked Spin: Another name for an off-axis spin. When a rider spins and the rider leaves their vertical axis and the board rises up to shoulder level or higher while spinning.

Deep-Water Start: The normal way to start riding a wakeboard is to sit in deep water and let the boat start going and pull you up on top of the water.

Digger: A bad wreck.

Dock Start: One way for a rider to start riding, is to to a Dock Start. The rider can either stand and jump off the dock as the boat goes, or sit on the edge of the dock and slide off.

Double-Up: When the boat circles around and cross back over it's own wakes at about a 90-degree angle, the wakes converge causing the resulting wake to be twice the size. This is the Double-Up. If the rider times it right, they can edge in and hit the Double-Up, which will give them more air then normal.

Duck: Sometimes called Duck-stance or Duck-foot, it's referring to putting your front and back binding at even angles with your toes closer to the nose and tail of the board than your heels.

Edge: The sides of the wakeboard are called edges. You have a Heelside Edge and a Toeside Edge on your board.

EVA Foam: A lightweight foam used in bindings and rope handles.

Extended Pylon: A pylon which is usually 6-feet tall or higher, used to attach the rope to so it's higher off the water. A higher rope gives less downward pull on the rider while in the air.

Eye-Opener: A fall where you faceplant so fast that you can't manage to close your eyes before hitting the water. We don't recommend falling this way. Eyelids can often become inverted.

Faceplant: A fall where you catch your toeside edge causing you to fall very quickly so your face slaps the water hard.

Fakie: A term from skateboarding that means riding the board in your normal riding position, but traveling the other direction. This can't really be done in wakeboarding since you can't change your foot position, so fakie is often interchanged with the term "Switchstance" in wakeboarding, which just means that the rider is riding the board with their opposite foot forward.

Fat Sack: A sack that is filled with water and placed in the boat to make the wake bigger.

Fin: A fin is the scag on the front and back of the board to help stabilize the board in the water.

Flats: The section of the water outside of the wakes where the water is flat. If a rider does a big trick where they land way outside the wake, they're doing a trick "out to the flats".

Flip: The term can be interchanged with "Invert", but in wakeboarding a Flip is usually a term used to define a tip over tail upside down rotation. There are a few exceptions though.

Frontside Boardslide/Lipslide: A Boardslide or Lipside where the rider approached the slider or wake with the front of their body closest to the object being used.

Frontside Spin: A spin where the rider rotates with the front of their body towards the boat first. For a left-foot forward rider, this would be a spin in the counter-clockwise direction.

Get Up: A term used for when the rider gets up out of the water and is riding the wakeboard standing up.

Glass: A term for smooth water.

Goofy Foot: Wakeboarders who ride with their right foot forward.

Grab: While in the air, if the rider reaches down to the board and clasps their hand on it, it's a "Grab". There are lots of different types of grabs that can be done alone or added to other tricks.

Handle: The handle is at the end of the rope, and is usually between 12"-15" wide.

Handle Pass: When the rope handle is passed from one hand to the other, it's called a Handle Pass. It's usually only used to referred to when the rider passes the handle behind their back.

Heelside Edge: The Heelside Edge is the side of the board closest to your heels. Most riders are more comfortable edging with this edge when beginning.

Helmet: A helmet is usually used when riders hit obstacles such as slider or kickers.

Invert: When the rider goes upside down while in the air, it's called an Invert.

Jib: To hit a rail, slider, dock, etc. Basically riding/sliding something that isn't water.

Kevlar: A non-stretch material used in ropes similar to Spectra. Wakeboarders want a Kevlar or Spectra rope that doesn't stretch.

Kicker: A ramp hit by a wakeboarder or wakeskater to catch air.

Life Jacket: A life vest or jacket is used to float the rider in the water.

Lipslide: A slide on an obstacle or wake where the tail of the board travels over the obstacle first. So if you approach a slider with your chest facing it and ollie up and put the tail of the board over the obstacle, you're doing a Frontside Lipslide.

Loading the Line: This is a term used for building line tension in the rope when edging progressively. You want to "load the line" to build tension in the rope so it releases when you leave the wake to give you maximum pop.

Lube: A slippery substanced used to help get your feet into bindings. There are some specially made lubes, but some people used shaving cream or soap.

Mobe or Mobius: An invert that also contains at least a 360 degree spin in it.

Molded Fins: Instead of conventional removeable fins, molded fins are actually fins shaped into the board out of the same material. They are usually shallower in nature.

Monkey Spin: Another name for an off-axis spin. When a rider spins and the rider leaves their vertical axis and the board rises up to shoulder level or higher while spinning.

Nose: The tip of the board, the closest end to the boat.

Off-Axis Spin: When a rider does a spin but goes off the vertical axis so the board usually gets up to shoulder level or above.

Ole': When the rider does a spin and instead of passing the handle just lifts the handle over their head.

Ollie: When the rider pops the board into the air by pushing down on their back foot and jumping up leading with their front foot. Just like a skateboarding ollie.

Perfect Pass: Add-on to boats that allows the boat to keep a consistent speed for wakeboarding.

Pop: This is when you release from the wake, you generate pop. Pop is also similar to the term "Air".

Progressive Edge: The proper technique to be used when edging. A progressive edge is when the rider build their edge as they approach the wake so that their hardest edge is right when they hit the wake. See our Progressive Edge Trick Tip for more information.

Pylon: A metal pole used for attaching the rope to the boat.

Rail: A long rail made of metal, PVC, or wood used as an object to slide by a wakeboarder or wakeskater.

Raley-Based Tricks: Tricks built off of the Raley, which means they are all tricks with your body extended back with the board above your head, yet aren't inverted flips.

Rampy Wake: A wake that has a very gradual slope to it. This type of wake is better for tricks where the rider edges all the way through the wake.

Re-Entry: When the rider jumps off the wake and lands on the same wake. Often done off the rollers that cause a double up.

Regular Foot: A rider who rides with their left foot forward on their wakeboard.

Revert: Used to describe landing Switch or Fakie. A Roll To Revert is a Back Roll with a 180 causing the rider to land backwards, or Revert.

Rider: Another name for the person riding the wakeboard.

Rocker: The amount of curvature in a wakeboard. If a wakeboard has 2 inches of Rocker, then the tip and tail are 2 inches higher than the middle of the board. There are two types of rocker, continuous and three-stage. Continuous rocker is a smooth curve, while a board with three-stages of rocker, with a flat spot in the middle of the board.

Roll: An invert where the board travels in an edge over edge rotation. However, some tricks that follow that rotation aren't called Rolls, and a Back Roll has a tip over tail rotation, so it's very confusing.

Rope: The rope connects the handle to the boat. Common wakeboarding rope lengths are between 55'-80'.

Set: A term used to refer to a wakeboarder taking their turn on the water. Each time you ride you've "taken a set".

Slider: A long rail made of metal, PVC, or wood used as an object to slide by a wakeboarder or wakeskater.

Smack-Oroni, and Cheese: Falling in a way in which the riders head hits the water first.

Spectra Rope: A spectra rope is one that is made out of the material called Spectra, which is a non-stretch substance. Wakeboarders want to use a non-stretch rope made of Spectra or Kevlar.

Spin: A spin is when the rider and board rotate around on a vertical axis.

Stack: Another term for a bad wreck.

Standing Tall: When the rider is about to pop off the wake they want to stand tall, which means extending at the hips and knees so they don't absorb the energy created by the impact of the wake.

Stargazer: When doing a Raley or Raley-based trick and the nose of the board is pointing up towards the stars instead of pointing straight ahead as it should be.

Steep Wake: A steep wake is a wake that is very abrupt and steep in shape. It's closer to being a wall, and is better for tricks where the rider wants to stop and pop, or go up more instead of going out.

Stomp: When a rider lands a trick in a smooth or clean manner, they have "stomped" the trick.

Style: The look a rider has while riding. A unique style is a unique look to their ride. Things usually considered stylish are well-held grabs, smooth landings, tweaking out tricks, etc.

Surface Trick: A trick performed with the board on the water the whole time.

Switchstance: Riding the board backwards from your normal riding stance.

Tail: The end of the board farthest from the boat when riding.

Three-Stage Rocker: The type of board shape where there is a flat spot in the center of the board while the tip and tail curve up. This makes for a more abrupt/vertical pop and usually a slightly harder landing.

Thumb Screws: These are screws used to screw the bindings onto the board. Other products used for this are Lokz, Hyperlocks, Bones, G-bolts, etc.

Tip: The end of the board closest to the boat when riding.

Toeside: The side of the board closest to the rider's toes.

Tower: A "cage-like" aluminum attachment to a boat used for tying the rope to, placing boardracks, speakers, etc.

Trip Flip: A type of invert in which you approach the wake and a the base you allow the wake to trip you into the inverted motion.

Triple-Up Just like a Double-Up, except the boat makes an additional kink which it drives back through to make a roller even bigger than a Double-up.

Tweak: When a rider moves the board or legs while making a grab. Tweaking out a Method Grab means the rider would grab the board, then possibly bone out one leg.

Vest: A life jacket, used to float the rider in the water.

Wake: The wave created behind the boat which is used by a wakeboarder to jump of off or slide.

Wake to Wake: When the rider does a trick where they take off from one wake, and land on the other, then the trick was "wake to wake".

Wakeboard: The board a wakeboarder rides. Usually between 115 and 145 cm in length, and 15-17 inches wide.

Wakeboarder: The person riding the wakeboard.

Wakeskate: A combination of a wakeboard and a skateboard. The board doesn't have bindings, is smaller, and covered with grip tape or a sticky foam.

Washy Wake: A wake that 'jimmy capra' isn't very clean. This means that it's sort of bumpy and there may be a white turbulent water on the top of the wake.

Wedge: Invented by Malibu Boats, a large plate that lowers into the water off the back of the boat to pull the back of the boat deeper, and thus making a bigger/steeper wake.

Wipe Out: A term used to describe a fall on a wakeboard.

Wrapped: When the rider has the rope wrapped around their back when riding they are are going to perform a wrapped trick. It allows a rider to spin without doing a handle pass, so it allows for unique grabs.

Wreck: When the rider falls and can no longer hold on to the rope.

Needs Revision/Rewrite/Something.
this article seems unprofessional. it needs to be wikified, really bad. i'll do what I can with what I know, but if anyone reads this article and knows a lot about what they're talking about, please help out. also, it seems like somebody just copied it from another site. i'm gonna put up a wikify temp, a citation check temp, and a update temp until it gets fixed. --{{User:Preschooler.at.heart/sig}} 16:34, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

I know some about wakeboarding, being a wakeboarder, but as to the actual mechanics of the sport, I am not sure. I'll see what I can do about it. R.H._Jesus_Freak40 18:18, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

also, there seem to be spam links being added, if someone could go through them and check/delete ST47 12:04, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

This page really needs something, but i don't know what. I think someone needs to wikify it, but i am too busy working on the halo weapons page to do this...

Merged and wikified
The content of wakeboards has been merged into this article and I have wikified the text - added links, added a free use image, removed the 'instructional' tone and content (see WP:NOT) Madmedea 19:36, 15 January 2007 (UTC) Someone really needs to put some pictures of GOOD wakeboarders instead of the guy hardly clearing the wake(no offence) The sport has grown alot since the main photo.

Alexis Valerio
In the section "Development of the sport" someone recently added the following:

"Wakeboarding was invented in 1991 by Californian Alexis Valerio, coincidentally the same girl that built the grain shipping port (largest in California) in Stockton, California."

Can anyone confirm or refute the status of this assertion? I was unable to find documentation, and it sounds bogus to me. Wtroopwept 17:25, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

I fixed this totally bogus entry and added some real information on wakeboarding history. No sources yet, but as a long-time Austinite and wakeboarder for over 15 years, I saw first hand how the sport developed in the US [[User:Matt|Can'tremembermylogin]

Split Article
I suggest that this page be split into several. It currently encompasses too many broad topics. Eg, the detailed information about wakeboards (rocker, width, length, bottom design, fin placement) should be on its own article. Maybe an article about wakeboard boats.

And something needs to be done about the trick list; it doesn't seem like it belongs here.

--Yeldarby 14:56, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

Please would someone mention cable wakeboarding. . . —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.193.217.78 (talk) 15:06, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

Wakeboarding stunts picture.
That's not a stunt, that's someone falling over. 91.104.84.109 (talk) 04:41, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

Moving away from the IWWF
I think this page needs to reflect that wakeboarding is moving away from the IWWF, yes some of the competitions are run by this organisation but wakeboarding has its own culture and organisations. history needs to still refer to the IWWF but as wakeboarding is now an action sport it can be treated as different to water skiing

I have changed the front image as this displayed wakeboarding far closer to skiing than the action sport it now is

I have edited the Wakeboarding maneuvers list and grabs can we change the name of this maneuvers sounds like gymnastics and something as a wakeboarder I feel should be moved away to and updates to "wakeboarding tricks"

can anyone verify the tricks: Dev-glass - Butter slide one side of the wake and from that side jump all the way to the other side of the wake landing on a Butter slide Basket flip - Double Beer flip

and grabs 1 2 (one two not twelve): Your front hand grabs the heel edge behind your back foot. A B: Your rear hand grabs the heel side of the board front for the front bindings.

[|Riley Bathurst] —Preceding unsigned comment added by Riley Bathurst (talk • contribs) 07:13, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

Circular definition
This article defines "wakeboarding" as "a surface water sport which involves riding a wakeboard over the surface of a body of water." It includes a link to Wiktionary, where "wakeboard" is defined as "The board one stands on for wakeboarding." Do you see the problem here? Devil Master (talk) 21:00, 28 January 2011 (UTC)

Australian Origins?
Hey, I'm not very familiar with the rules and regulations on Wikipedia, but I just want to say that there are a lot of people within the wakeboarding community that laugh at how inaccurate this article is, and many of them now have a negative view of Wikipedia because an article like this can be produced. I don't agree with that last sentiment at all, but I felt like coming on here and seeing what I could do to help. I personally know Tony Finn, Jimmy Redmond, and many professional wakeboarders, especially most the first ones.

Furthermore, Bruce Mckee and his company are the ONLY ones saying making these claims that he is the true inventor of wakeboarding, and I researched extensively and could find no credible articles that talk about his role in wakeboarding history. I personally asked Tony if any of these claims were true and he said they were laughably wrong.

If there's anything I can do to help, let me know. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.71.58.21 (talk) 06:21, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

History
I just watched a documentary about Eva Braun, the spouse of Adolf Hitler, and sure enough it also featured some five seconds of color film material showing Eva Braun on a wakeboard, although a primitive one, which was towed by a motorboat. It definitely was no waterskis, but a wakeboard. Now I would not credit Eva Braun with the invention of the wakeboard, but this film material proves that in the 1930s, the sport was already known in Germany. The history section is definitely wrong placing the origins of the sport in the 1980s ! -- Alexey Topol (talk) 15:04, 16 August 2012 (UTC)

This article needs some SERIOUS editing and credible sources
This article makes no mention of the founding organization that promoted wakeboarding into the sport it is today - The World Wakeboard Association (WWA). The WWA held the first contests both amateur and pro level. This association also created the pro tour with World Sports Marketing, worked to bring wakeboarding into the X-Games, created the first US Wakeboard Nationals, Wakeboard World Championships, and the Cable World Championships. The World Wakeboard Association continues to promote wakeboard, wakeskate, and wakesurf events throughout the world for all levels of competition.

Regarding the history of the sport, there is no mention of the creation of the twin tip which changed the direction of the sport from its inception forward. Additionally, the article lacks any discussion of the present nature of the sport and its equipment. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.176.115.73 (talk) 00:47, 29 December 2012 (UTC)

More on History
There is photographic proof that wakeboards were being used in New Guinea, apparently as recreation by US Army personnel, in mid-1944. The photograph is here: http://www.unholy3-618th-engineers.org/v3/albums/New-Guinea/WWII_NG_waterski_1.sized.jpg. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 166.216.158.151 (talk) 00:08, 12 April 2017 (UTC)

Photograph of Clifton College Sports Day c. 1943 shows wakeboarding as an event during their evacuation from Bristol to Bude, Cornwall. Photo is here: http://bude-past-and-present.org.uk/swimming-pool-4/ Paxton-Greenway (talk) 15:23, 11 November 2017 (UTC)

 * That New Guinea shot is interesting; it looks like the tow rope is attached the "board" (or raft?) rather than being held by the boarder. Would require some balance. Klbrain (talk) 21:26, 20 July 2019 (UTC)

Regarding Suspected Plagiarism of the Article's Lead
Per Earwig's Copyvio Detector, the lead of this article seems to be word-for-word identical to the description of Wakeboarding on the ANOC World Beach Games site. This either means that Wikipedia copied their site (which means we need to replace the lead and somehow suppress all edits mentioning the text per WP:COPYVIO), or their site copied Wikipedia--which I believe is definitely the more likely case (per small adjustments to the lead as recent as July of 2019, such as this, which are also reflected in the AWBG site).

I'm relatively new to Wikipedia, admittedly, but I also am fairly certain Wikipedia's text is released "under the CC BY-SA 3.0 License," which, although permitting the copying and sharing of Wikipedia's text, also requires that the copier "attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work.)" (a condition repeated by WP:C), which I'm fairly certain AWBG didn't--there is no mention of Wikipedia on that page whatsoever. (Also, the AWBG page has a "All contents © copyright ANOC" tag at the bottom, which also violates CC's Share-Alike clause.)

At the same time, it's possible that this is merely a common occurrence, and I simply haven't been here long enough to encounter this before.

All of which is a long-winded way of asking: is this copying of Wikipedia a problem worth discussing further, or would it be better to simply ignore this, considering I'm planning on rewriting half the article (per WP:NOTHOWTO) anyways? TheHardestAspect OfCreatingAnAccount IsAlwaysTheUsername 03:46, 29 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wakeboarding


text:
Dean Wendt

Dean Alan Wendt is an American voice actor, host and music DJ, best known as the fill in voice of Barney on the hit children's show Barney & Friends.

Career
Dean Wendt was a part of Radio Disney from 1996 to 1999 but left the company in order to dedicate his time to voicing Barney the Dinosaur in 2001 after Bob West, David Franks, Duncan Brannan and Tim Dever retired in 2002.

His voice has appeared in various other Barney media, such as concert tours around the world. He has appeared in such shows as Barney's Colorful World and Barney Live! The Let's Go Tour, and Barney's Birthday Bash. He has also appeared in over 100 TV shows and over 25 videos.

Filmography
Barney & Friends:
 * 2001: Season 6
 * Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (November 22)
 * 2002:
 * Season 7
 * We Are Family
 * Barney's Christmas Star (promotional material only)
 * 2003:
 * Season 8
 * 2004:
 * Season 9
 * 2006:
 * Barney's Beach Party (February 7) (uncredited)
 * Season 10
 * 2007:
 * Season 11
 * 2008:
 * Season 12
 * 2009:
 * Season 13
 * Season 13

title: Dean Wendt


text:
Inside Out Music

Inside Out Music is a German progressive rock record label originally based in Kleve, North Rhine-Westphalia, and dedicated to the publication of progressive rock, progressive metal and related styles. In 2009, it formed a partnership with Century Media Records and moved its base of operations to Dortmund, also in North Rhine-Westphalia. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music and became its premier label for progressive music.

History
The label was founded in 1993 by Thomas Waber and Michael Schmitz and started its publications re-issuing albums of new American prog metal acts like Symphony X and Shadow Gallery for the European market and then signing important prog artists like Steve Hackett. Inside Out signed a worldwide distribution contract with the German music company SPV and branched out with the U.S. division InsideOut US, based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

In 2009, SPV had to file for bankruptcy, and Inside Out partnered up with Century Media Records, which had secured a worldwide distribution contract with EMI.

Several important bands of the new school of progressive rock are signed to Inside Out, including Riverside, Haken, Pain of Salvation, Spock's Beard, The Safety Fire, The Flower Kings and Enchant. In addition, the label established links to other relevant bands in the prog scene, issuing the solo albums of Dream Theater vocalist James LaBrie and a selection of Mike Portnoy's side projects.

For some time, Inside Out also published digitally reworked re-releases of albums from the Krautrock era (for example, from the band Kraan) under the sub-label Revisited Records.

The surrounding area of the label headquarters has often served as an inspiration for the album art. For example, the petrol dispenser of Spock's Beard Octane cover is in Kleve as is the lake on Threshold's Subsurface cover.

A characteristic feature for the label's releases is their lavish publication work. Several albums appear in special editions, containing extensive bonus materials such as bonus tracks, extended artwork and/or multimedia segments.

The label's founder, Thomas Waber, won the "Guiding Light" award at the 2013 Progressive Music Awards. The label signed Dream Theater in December 2017, arguably the biggest signing in the label's history at that point.

InsideOut US is the stateside division of the German record label InsideOut Music. It specializes in progressive rock and progressive metal. It is based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Current

 * Affector
 * Anderson/Stolt
 * Anneke van Giersbergen
 * ...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead
 * AVKRVST
 * Banco del Mutuo Soccorso
 * Beardfish
 * Bent Knee
 * Big Big Train
 * Bigelf
 * Caligula's Horse
 * Derek Sherinian
 * Devin Townsend
 * Dream Theater
 * Enchant
 * The Flower Kings (except Japan)
 * The Fringe
 * Frost*
 * Haken
 * Jakko Jakszyk
 * James LaBrie
 * Jethro Tull
 * Jolly
 * Kaipa
 * Kansas
 * Karmakanic
 * King's X
 * Kino
 * Knifeworld
 * Leprous
 * Liquid Tension Experiment
 * Lonely Robot
 * Long Distance Calling
 * Maschine
 * The Mute Gods
 * Nad Sylvan
 * Neal Morse
 * Next To None
 * OU
 * Pain of Salvation
 * Pattern-Seeking Animals
 * Perfect Beings
 * Port Noir
 * Premiata Forneria Marconi
 * Pure Reason Revolution
 * Riverside
 * Roine Stolt
 * Shadow Gallery
 * The Safety Fire
 * The Sea Within
 * The Shadow Theory
 * Sometime in February
 * Sons of Apollo
 * Spiritual Beggars
 * Spock's Beard
 * Star One
 * Steve Hackett (except Japan)
 * The Tangent
 * Thought Chamber
 * Tim Bowness (from No-Man)
 * Toundra
 * Transatlantic
 * VUUR
 * John Wesley
 * Whom Gods Destroy
 * Yes

Former

 * Above Symmetry
 * A.C.T
 * Amaseffer
 * Arena
 * Arjen Anthony Lucassen (Ayreon)
 * Asia
 * California Guitar Trio
 * Chroma Key
 * Conspiracy
 * David Lindley
 * Deadsoul Tribe
 * Derek Sherinian
 * Dominici
 * Evergrey
 * Fates Warning
 * GPS (except Japan)
 * IQ
 * It Bites
 * Jadis
 * The Jelly Jam
 * Jerry Gaskill
 * Kevin Moore
 * Mastermind
 * OSI
 * Paatos
 * Pallas
 * Planet X
 * Poverty's No Crime
 * Ray Wilson*
 * Redemption
 * RPWL
 * Ryo Okumoto
 * Saga
 * Slavior
 * Sound of Contact
 * Stream of Passion
 * Stealing Axion
 * Steve Howe
 * Symphony X
 * Threshold
 * Tiles
 * Trey Gunn (former member of King Crimson)
 * Ty Tabor
 * Ulysses
 * Unitopia
 * Vanden Plas

Revisited Records label
This label specializes in the reissue of selected Krautrock and electronic pioneers, including:
 * Amon Düül II
 * Klaus Schulze
 * Kraan

title: Inside Out Music


text: User talk:86.105.71.34

title: User talk:86.105.71.34


text:
Talk:Red Letter Days

Redundancy with Red letter day

Merge
MERGE it, but the page title should be "Red Letter Day", ie: the singular form.

--*Satis 02:40, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

I agree, merge it.

Merge
I agree, I think it is absolutely right to merge the documents. Otherwise there will be too many duplications in wikipedia.

Apollo the Archer

Repurposed
Since there is an actual company by this name, I've created what is probably still considered a substub. Anyone who knows more about this company (i.e., has heard of it before today) is welcome to expand this. Patrick O'Leary (talk) 01:05, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

Disclosure
The IP edits from 22 September were made by me while logged out. Kilopi (talk) 07:58, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Red Letter Days


text: User:Kimbo 1992

title: User:Kimbo 1992


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Keeths karate

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 09:55, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Keeths karate
Non-notable. Almost no results found in google. A bit of vanity also involved Olorin28 12:23, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. For pity's sake -- if they want to advertise themselves, they could at least learn to write English properly. Deb 13:33, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - nn CLW 15:38, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - nn Icarus 23:47, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN --Rogerd 04:10, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Dennis Shere

Dennis Shere is an American author, journalist and lawyer. Shere has written two books: Cain's Redemption, a biography about Warden Burl Cain of the Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola, and The Last Meal — Defending an Accused Mass Murderer, about the defendants in the Brown's Chicken massacre case. Shere was one of the defense attorneys who represented Juan Luna, who received a life sentence.

A native of Cleveland, Shere graduated from Ohio University in the early 1960s with bachelor's and master's degrees in journalism. He served as publisher of Cox Newspapers in Ohio — the Dayton Daily News and Springfield News-Sun — and as general manager of Moody Bible Institute's media operations in Chicago.

In 1988, Shere was fired as Daily News publisher by Cox Newspapers because he rejected a health lecture advertisement by homosexual groups. Shere cited his "Christian perspective" in declining to print the ad. The Southern Baptist Convention subsequently passed a resolution calling on "all media to refuse advertising that promotes homosexuality or any other lifestyle that is destructive to the family". The resolution said Shere was fired for his "commitment to defend traditional moral and family values". The company responded that it was defending freedom of expression for all people, saying "We cannot compromise on the constitutional issue of equal access to the press".

In 2000, Shere began attending law school. He graduated from the DePaul University College of Law in Chicago and passed the Illinois bar exam in 2003. He formerly served as an assistant public defender in Kane County, Illinois.

title: Dennis Shere


title: File:ChicagoHeart1.jpg


text:
Airor

Airor is a hamlet in the peninsula of Knoydart, Lochaber, Highland, on the west coast of Scotland.

It is situated on the north-west coast of Knoydart, and consists of a few houses clustered round Airor Bay, as well as several pre-clearance ruins. The settlement overlooks the Sound of Sleat and the Isle of Skye.

title: Airor


text:
Operation Gibraltar

Operation Gibraltar was the codename of a military operation planned and executed by the Pakistan Army in the territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India in August 1965. The operation's strategy was to covertly cross the Line of Control (LoC) and incite the Muslim-majority Kashmiri population's uprising against the Indian Government. The military leadership believed that a rebellion (sparked by Operation Gibraltar) by the local Kashmiri population against Indian authorities would serve as Pakistan's casus belli against India on the international stage.

Pakistan's leadership specifically chose this name to draw a parallel to the Muslim conquest of Portugal and Spain that was launched from the port of Gibraltar.

In August 1965, Pakistani army troops from the Azad Kashmir Regular Force, disguised as locals, entered Jammu and Kashmir from Azad Kashmir with the goal of fomenting an insurgency amongst the Muslim-majority population in the Kashmir Valley. However, the strategy went awry from the outset due to poor coordination, and the infiltrators' presence was soon disclosed to the Indian military.

Following the operation and discovery of the Pakistani army infiltration, India responded by deploying more troops in the Kashmir Valley and the Indian Army subsequently began its assault against the Pakistani army infiltrators operating in the region.

In August 1965, India crossed the ceasefire line, and attacked the Haji Pir pass inside Pakistan’s Azad Kashmir. Pakistan launched a major offensive named Operation Grand Slam on 1 September 1965 in India's Jammu and Kashmir, sparking the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, which was the first major engagement between the two neighbouring states since the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948. Thus Operation Gibraltar became the immediate cause of Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

Background
Following the First Kashmir War (1947–1948), which saw India maintaining its hold over two-thirds of Kashmir, Pakistan sought an opportunity to win the remaining Kashmir areas. In 1960s Pakistan received 700 million dollars of military aid from United States, by signing a defense agreement in 1954, which significantly modernized Pakistan's military equipment. After the defeat in 1962 Sino-Indian War, the Indian Military was undergoing massive changes both in personnel and equipment. During this period, despite being numerically smaller than the Indian military, Pakistan's armed forces had a qualitative edge in air power and armor over India, which Pakistan sought to utilize before India completed its defense build-up. Operation Desert Hawk by the Pakistani Military in the Rann of Kutch in April-June summer of 1965, where Indian and Pakistani forces clashed, resulted in some positives for Pakistan. Moreover, in December 1963, the disappearance of a holy relic from the Hazratbal shrine in Srinagar, created turmoil and intense Islamic feeling among Muslims in the valley, which was viewed by Pakistan as ideal for revolt. These factors bolstered the Pakistani command's thinking: that the use of covert methods followed by the threat of an all out war would force a resolution in Kashmir. Assuming that a weakened Indian military would not respond, Pakistan chose to send in "mujahideens" and Pakistan Army regulars into Jammu and Kashmir.

Planning
The original plan for the operation, codenamed Gibraltar, was conceived and prepared as early as the 1950s; however it seemed appropriate to push this plan forward given the scenario. Backed by then foreign minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and others, the aim was an "attack by infiltration" by a specially trained irregular force of some 40,000 men, highly motivated and well armed. It was reasoned that the conflict could be confined only to Kashmir. In the words of retired Pakistani General Akhtar Hussain Malik, the aims were "to defreeze the Kashmir problem, weaken Indian resolve, and bring India to the conference table without provoking general war." As a result, groundwork and intelligence gathering for execution of the plan was laid by launching "Operation Nusrat", the purpose of which was to locate gaps in the Cease Fire Line (CFL) that were to serve as entry points for the mujahideen, and to gauge the response of the Indian army and the local population.

Execution
Despite initial reservations by the President of Pakistan Ayub Khan, the operation was set in motion. In the first week of August 1965 (some sources put it at 24 July), Pakistani troops who were members of Azad Kashmir Regular Force (Now Azad Kashmir Regiment) began to cross the Cease Fire Line dividing Indian- and Pakistani-held Kashmir across the Pir Panjal Range into Gulmarg, Uri and Baramulla. Several columns were to occupy key heights around the Kashmir valley and encourage a general revolt, which would be followed by direct combat by Pakistani troops. According to Indian sources as many as 30,000 – 40,000 men had crossed the line, while Pakistani sources put it at 5,000 -7,000 only. These troops known as the "Gibraltar Force" were organized and commanded by Major General Akhtar Hussain Malik, GOC 12 Division. The troops were divided into 10 forces (5 companies each). The 10 forces were given different code names, mostly after historically significant Muslim rulers. The operation's name, Gibraltar, itself was chosen for the Islamic connotations. The 8th century Umayyad conquest of Hispania was launched from Gibraltar, a situation not unlike that Pakistan envisaged for Indian Kashmir, i.e. conquest of Kashmir from Operation Gibraltar. The areas chosen were mainly on the de facto Cease Fire line as well as in the populous Kashmir Valley.

The plan was multi-pronged. Infiltrators would mingle with the local populace and incite them to rebellion. Meanwhile, guerrilla warfare would commence, destroying bridges, tunnels and highways, harassing enemy communications, logistic installations and headquarters as well as attacking airfields, with a view to create the conditions of an "armed insurrection" in Kashmir — leading to a national uprising against Indian rule. It was assumed that India would neither counter-attack, nor involve itself in another full-scale war, and the capture of Kashmir would rapidly follow. Out of the 9 Infiltrating Forces, only Ghaznavi Force under command Maj Malik Munawar Khan Awan managed to achieve its objective in Mehndar-Rajouri area.

Ghaznavi Force
The Ghaznavi Force (Urdu:غزنوی فورس), named after famous Muslim invader Mahmud of Ghazni, was an auxiliary Special Operations unit formed by the Pakistan Army as part of Operation Gibraltar in 1965 to infiltrate Jammu and Kashmir in the hopes of provoking a local revolt against the Indian regime there. It had a strength of approximately 200 and was composed of regular soldiers of the Azad Kashmir Regular Force and commandos from the Pakistani Special Service Group. Its commander was decorated officer Major Malik Munawar Khan Awan SJ.

The Ghaznavi Force was one of 10 units, each named after a historic Muslim leader, to be assembled for the operation by the Pakistan Army. It infiltrated Jammu and Kashmir in July 1965 to operate in the Poonch-Rajuri area. It was resupplied with ammunition dropped from Pakistan Air Force planes. Towards the end of August, most infiltrators had been found, captured or killed. Those that survived were asked to pull back when India attacked Lahore.

Reasons for Failure
While the covert infiltration was a complete failure that ultimately led to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, military analysts have differed on whether the plan itself was flawed. Some have held that the plan was well-conceived but was let down by poor execution, but almost all Pakistani and neutral analysts have maintained that the entire operation was "a clumsy attempt" and doomed to collapse. The Pakistani Army's failures started with the supposition that a generally discontented Kashmiri people, given the opportunity provided by the Pakistani advance, would revolt against their Indian rulers, bringing about a swift and decisive surrender of Kashmir. The Kashmiri people, however, did not revolt. Instead, the Indian Army was provided with enough information to learn of Operation Gibraltar and the fact that the Army was battling not insurgents, as they had initially supposed, but Pakistani Army regulars.

According to then Chief of the Pakistan Air Force, Air Marshal Nur Khan, there was little coordination amongst the military services on the impending operation. According to him "the (Pakistan) army "misled the nation with a big lie" - that India rather than Pakistan provoked the war - and that Pakistan won a "great victory. And since the "lie" was never rectified, the Pakistani "army came to believe its own fiction, (and) has continued to fight unwanted wars". Pakistani author Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema notes that Musa Khan, Pakistan's Chief of the Army Staff, was reportedly so confident that the plan would succeed and conflict would be localized to Kashmir that he did not inform the Air Force, as he believed the operation would not require any major air action. Many senior Pakistani military officers and political leaders were unaware of the impending crisis, thus surprising not only India, but also Pakistan itself.

Many senior officials also were against the plan, as a failure could lead to an all-out war with India, which many wanted to avoid.

title: Operation Gibraltar


text: User talk:80.103.175.124

title: User talk:80.103.175.124


text:
Barney in Concert

Barney in Concert is a Barney & the Backyard Gang stage show, which was performed live in May 1991. The May 26th performance was released on video on July 29, 1991, in the United States and France. It was reissued many times worldwide until July 2000.

Music
An audio cassette version of Barney in Concert was released in 1991, it was re-released a year later with a purchase of a Time-Life Video release of a Barney & Friends Season 1 episode with a credit card. There were only two versions of the cassette made.

Plot
At the Majestic Theater in Dallas, Texas, the audience gets settled in before they hear a voice saying the magic words, "Shimbaree, Shimbarah". Then, out of nowhere, sparkles start appearing onstage before Barney jumps out from behind the curtain, making his grand entrance, as the audience welcomes to his chubbier costume. He dances to his theme song, before he welcomes the audience. Then, he sings a song to tell them how excited he is to have them join him, and show them how special they are. Then, he decides to introduce them to the Backyard Gang. The curtain opens to a set with all sorts of gift boxes everywhere. The Backyard Gang arrives wearing yellow T-shirts with black words for the names, yellow socks, blue shorts, and white shoes, and they introduce themselves through a rap.

Then, Michael encourages the audience to join in with a special song. After that, Barney and Tina make farm animal sounds and sing "Down on Grandpa's Farm" with the help of animals in costume. Then, Barney joins the kids to sing "The Noble Duke of York".

Barney and Derek sing "Pop Goes the Weasel" before Barney has help from Michael and Luci to get some Hebrew and French descent kids on stage to sing "The Alphabet Song" in English, Hebrew, and French.

Then, Luci sings "Where is Thumbkin?", followed by giving Barney a surprise: a camel named Sally.

After that, Barney does the Barney Shake to reveal a special surprise. Just then, the box opens to reveal a green triceratops with a pink bow in her hair, and a yellow blanket. Barney shushes the audience and tells them not to tell the Backyard Gang about the surprise. Then, Barney and the kids sing "Mr. Knickerbocker", but after the song ends, the triceratops comes out of the box again. The kids are surprised to see this and want to know more about the dinosaur. Adam gets an idea to sing the song again after noticing that the dinosaur came out when she heard the song. So they sing the song again, but this time, the dinosaur dances out of the box. After the song, the dinosaur hides behind Barney and gets shy. The kids realize that she doesn't have a name, so they huddle up and think of a name. What gives Amy an idea is seeing the dinosaur's dance moves. So Amy decides to name her Baby Bop, and the other kids agree. Then, Amy decides to have Baby Bop show off some dance moves. Baby Bop dances to some street music, which impresses everyone.

Baby Bop and the Spider performing "The Itsy Bitsy Spider" Then, Baby Bop gets the confidence to join the show, and she sings "The Itsy Bitsy Spider", and meets a spider puppet. Barney and the kids then sing a bubble bath song with audience participation, but the bath is interrupted by the sound of a firetruck. Baby Bop and some of the kids are dressed as firefighters and they sing "Hurry, Hurry, Drive the Firetruck".

Barney appears as a railroad engineer, and talks about pufferbellies, followed by him singing "Down by the Station". Then, he goes backstage to grab an American flag, and he is joined by the entire cast to sing "You're a Grand Old Flag".

After that, Barney heads to the front of the stage to tell the viewers that the show is about to end. But he does explain that he's always going to be there for everyone. Then, he encourages the audience to hold hands to sing "I Love You". Then, everyone bids farewell to the audience before Barney appears from behind the curtain and blows them a kiss goodbye, ending the show. The credits then roll.

Cast

 * Barney (voice) – Bob West
 * Barney (body costume) – David Joyner
 * Baby Bop (voice) – Julie Johnson
 * Baby Bop (body costume) – Dao Knight
 * Michael - Brian Eppes
 * Amy - Becky Swonke
 * Tina - Jessica Zucha
 * Luci - Leah Montes
 * Adam - Alexander Jhin
 * Derek - Rickey Carter

Songs

 * 1) "Barney Theme Song" (tune: "Yankee Doodle")
 * 2) "Overture" ("We Are Barney and the Backyard Gang"/"Down on Grandpa's Farm" instrumental)
 * 3) "Barney Theme Song" (Reprise)
 * 4) "Everyone is Special"
 * 5) "The Backyard Gang Rap"
 * 6) "We Are Barney and the Backyard Gang" (tune: "John Jacob Jingleheimer Schmidt")
 * 7) "Down on Grandpa's Farm"
 * 8) "The Noble Duke of York" (tune: "The Grand Old Duke of York")
 * 9) "Pop Goes the Weasel"
 * 10) "The Alphabet Song" (English, Hebrew, and French) (tunes: "Baa, Baa, Black Sheep", "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" and "Ah! vous dirai-je, Maman" by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
 * 11) "Where is Thumbkin?" (tune: "Frere Jacques")
 * 12) "Sally the Camel" (tune: "Dem Bones")
 * 13) "Mr. Knickerbocker"
 * 14) "Baby Bop's Song" (tune: "Mr. Knickerbocker")
 * 15) "Baby Bop's Street Dance"
 * 16) "Itsy Bitsy Spider"
 * 17) "Bubble, Bubble Bath" (tune: "Peanut Butter")
 * 18) "Hurry, Hurry, Drive the Firetruck" (tune: "Ten Little Indians")
 * 19) "Down by the Station"
 * 20) "You're a Grand Old Flag"
 * 21) "I Love You" (tune: "This Old Man")

title: Barney in Concert


text:
Talk:C：\

Untitled
It might be appropriate for this article to simply redirect to the Drive letter assignment article. —Brian Patrie 12:27, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

From RfD
This redirect was among a group nominated to RfD on 7 Jan 2011. During the discussion, several retargetting suggestions were proposed and debated. No clear consensus emerged. The debate is copied below so that discussion may continue. Rossami (talk) 04:48, 19 January 2011 (UTC)

 * → Drive letter assignment (links to redirect • [ history] • )
 * → Microsoft Windows (links to redirect • [ history] • )
 * → Program Files (links to redirect • [ history] • )
 * → Program Files (links to redirect • [ history] • )
 * → Floppy disk (links to redirect • [ history] • )
 * → Drive letter assignment (links to redirect • [ history] • )

Potentially misleading /deceptive. Few page views. Delete. Mhiji 01:41, 7 January 2011 (UTC) transcribed content ends
 * Can you be a bit clearer? In what way are these "potentially deceptive"? I agree that one might argue about what the correct targets are, but that's not a reason for deletion. — Gavia immer (talk) 04:26, 7 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Keep \ and A:\, Neutral about the rest. A:\ and C:\ seem are perfectly logical search terms, and none of them seem at all deceptive, misleading or otherwise harmful to me. I'm neutral about the others as they feel like less obvious search terms. Thryduulf (talk) 05:30, 7 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Multiple positions:
 * Retarget A:\ to Floppy disk. On DOS and Windows systems, drives A and B are reserved for floppy drives. (Network drives may be set up at those letters, but that is exceedingly rare.)
 * Retarget \ to Hard disk drive. The C drive is always a hard drive on Windows/DOS systems.
 * Neutral on the ones with forward slashes.
 * Keep others. They are plausible search terms. — This, that, and the other (talk) 06:41, 7 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Retarget A:\ to Floppy disk and \ to Hard disk drive — common search terms for drives, etc. No comment about the rest. :| TelCo  NaSp  Ve :|  07:21, 7 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Retarget and Keep-I don't see how they're "misleading/deceptive" as you claim. Retarget A:\ to floppy drive and C:\ to hard drive. Everything else should be kept as is.Smallman12q (talk) 12:45, 7 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Retarget and Keep - This, That and the Other explained it quite well and I agree. --AOL Alex (talk) 09:18, 8 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Be consistent. I find it strange that \WINDOWS redirects to an article about an operating system and \Program Files redirects to an article about a directory. I'm inclined to agree with others who suggest retargeting A:\ to Floppy disk and \ to Hard disk drive. —Anomalocaris (talk) 03:35, 9 January 2011 (UTC)
 * A:\ and \ should stay as redirects to Drive letter assignment, where there is an explanation of the letters. There is nothing about this in floppy disk or hard disk drive which are about the devices. Peter E. James (talk) 11:50, 10 January 2011 (UTC)
 * But A:/ should redirect to Floppy disk?!
 * No. Uncle G (talk) 15:47, 10 January 2011 (UTC)
 * The only one that I'd change would be A:/ which should redirect to the same place as A:\. Everything else seems fine as it is.  I agree with Peter E. James that drive letters are a matter of drive letter assignment, not of actual I/O device hardware.  \, /, A:\, and A:/ should all redirect to where  already does, as indeed is mostly the case already.  Redirecting to the I/O devices is wrongheaded.  These aren't alternative names for I/O devices.  Indeed, \, /, A:\, and A:/ are directory pathnames, not even drive letters, strictly speaking.  The only other logical place for them to redirect is thus root directory, which would be my alternative choice. If we had an article on the Windows directory, \WINDOWS (and indeed \WINNT and WINDIR) would best redirect there.  But no-one has written such an article yet.  Uncle G (talk) 15:47, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:C：\


text:
User:Jeremygbyrne/Peter of Rome

Pope Nicholas VI (Latin: Niccolo PP. VI; born June 21, 1931 as Giovanni Masci in Ostia, Italy) is the 266th reigning pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City. He was elected on January 28, 2009, celebrated his Papal Inauguration Mass on February 14, 2009 and was enthroned in the Basilica of St. John Lateran (Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano) on February 18, 2009.

Due to the "extreme nature" of his ecumenical activity and dissolution of Church assets (and more recently the controversy over his early history) Nicholas VI is regarded by many both within and without the Church as fulfilling the prophecy of the great antipope (Petrus Romanus).

Early History
Masci's early history is shrouded in ambiguity and assusations of illegality.

Alleged Origins
An article first published in Rolling Stone in August, 2012, it is claimed that Masci was born of unknown parentage on September 18, 1929 in the slums of Puerto Barrios, Guatemala as Pedro Ximenez, and was inspired towards the religious life by a heretical Trotskyist Friar named Brother Menchú, who helped rescue the nine-year-old from psychotic cultists in 1938. It is further alleged that he travelled alone to Tuscany and thence to Rome, where he was informally (and illegally) adopted by Giovanni and Marisa Masci, and assumed the identity and changed his date of birth to that of their deceased son (also coincidentally his real mother's birthday).

Priesthood
Masci entered a Franciscan seminary at Ostia in March 1947 and was ordained on 21 July 1949 at the age of 19. His subsequent rise to become Bishop of Sabina-Poggio Mireto in 1982 and Giovanni Cardinal Masci in 1989 was driven by a long-standing personal ambition to occupy the Throne of Peter.

Election
After the untimely death of Benedict XVI in January 2009, Masci is elected as a compromise candidate, returning an elderly Italian to the Throne.

Styling
The choice of Nicholas VI, and the fact that Masci discussed his choice in a 2003 newspaper article, have been variously credited with his papabile status and used to castigate him by his critics. (See Nicholas V, Antipope Nicholas V.)

Ecumenical Activity
Masci has announced his intention to reunite the Catholic and Anglican churches, and has met on several occasions with William V of the United Kingdom to discuss related issues. He has also written of his interests in uniting all the Faiths of the Book into a single command structure subordinate to the United Nations.

Dissolution of Church Assets
Nicholas VI's first acts provides settlement payment to all victims and alleged victims of "paedophile priests". He apologises on behalf of the Church, and begins a process of purging suspect clergy.

In 2012, Nicholas VI reveals a secret Franciscan affiliation, and a radical theology concerning the poverty of Christ. He begins the active dissolution of the Vatican through commercial sale of its assets. Money realised via this strategy is directed to paying down African debt, and to providing development aid to both African and Latin American countries.

title: User:Jeremygbyrne/Peter of Rome


text:
Airton

Airton (also known as Airton-in-Craven) is a small village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, situated 10 mi north-west of Skipton. The village had a population of 175 according to the 2001 Census, 228 at the 2011 Census, decreasing to 227 at the 2021 Census.

History
Listed as Airtone in the Domesday Book, the village takes its name from the River Aire which runs along its eastern edge. In the late 1600s a significant Quaker community developed in the village around Airton Quaker Meeting House. In use for the majority of its history, this building was restored between 2010 and 2012 and continues to host an active Quaker meeting.

Other significant buildings in Airton include a squatter's cottage on the village green, a former Methodist Chapel (now closed) and an old mill on the River Aire which is in use as a private residence. The old cotton mill was given listed status in 1989. There is no pub or Post Office in the village; however there is a Farm Shop and Tea Room at Town End Farm on the road to Malham.

Airton lies in the Ecclesiastical Parish of St. Michael and All Angels, Kirkby Malham.

Transport
There is a bus stop in the village with daily links to Malham and Skipton. Also, the local roads link the village to the A65.

Tourism

The village is in the Yorkshire Dales National Park and lies on the tourist route to Malham Cove and Malham Tarn. The Pennine Way passes around the edge of the village, alongside the river. The Way of the Roses cycle route passes through the village on the road between Settle and Grassington.

title: Airton


text:
Talk:Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge

Opening heading
This article said the bridge was built in 1825, as per the external link, but the Falklands weren't settled by the British at that time, the Falklands Island Company wasn't founded until 1851 and the oldest suspension bridges mentioned in the suspension bridge article date from 1826. Piccadilly 12:28, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * According to History of the Falkland Islands, the Government of Argentina was in 1825 the only administrator of the islands' industry; maybe they constructed the bridge. OneEuropeanHeart 01:53, 18 January 2006 (UTC)
 * It was built in 1925 not 1825 Bastie 19:29, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Free image?
Does anyone have a free picture to throw up on this article? I feel like its almost pointless without one... Zaldax (talk) 17:30, 31 July 2012 (UTC)

This photo was taken during the construction of the Bridge in 1925 by the Chief Engineer Mr Charles P. Peters. (SteveCH8045 (talk) 13:18, 24 March 2013 (UTC))

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070622062441/http://www.falklands.gov.fk:80/pb/fi/bridges.htm to http://www.falklands.gov.fk/pb/fi/bridges.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050427225028/http://www.kpadgett.org.uk:80/falklands/Pages/bodie.htm to http://www.kpadgett.org.uk/falklands/Pages/bodie.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:37, 5 November 2016 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 08:52, 5 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Building the Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge. 1925.jpg

Footnote 1
Footnote 1 appears to be down. Yoninah (talk) 20:58, 20 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the heads-up Yoninah, I've added a link to an archived version - Dumelow (talk) 22:27, 20 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks! Yoninah (talk) 22:30, 20 June 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 23:13, 1 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Building the Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge. 1925.jpg

title: Talk:Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge