text:
Talk:Stable nuclide

page move was carried outRadiogenic (talk) 02:25, 25 September 2013 (UTC)

Abundance
How many stable isotopes are there? what percentage of all mass do they take up in: cheers, mastodon 23:45, 29 December 2005 (UTC)
 * earth
 * the sun
 * the universe?

Merge discussion

 * Support; the reader would benefit if the content were merged. The resulting article would still be fairly short. Walter Siegmund (talk) 18:50, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed I would much prefer the list to be part of this page, where I would expect to find it if I was afetr information about stable isotopes.  I doubt that many users would start by searching for List of.... Emeraude 09:20, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Support List of stable isotopes should be placed in this article, rather than the other way around. shoy 22:21, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Support The article List of stable isotopes gives an explanation of stable isotopes, too. Agree that List of stable isotopes should be placed into this article. --Db099221 14:07, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Neutral Not a particularly terrible list to have around. Both the list an article are fairly short, and the article can be expanded upon.  I don't see any particular reason to merge. i kan reed 20:49, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

Applications
It seems that the stable isotopes of C,H,O,N, and maybe a few others (S?) have so many useful applications, from determining the source of the carbon in the testosterone in Floyd Landis's bloodstream, to the water use efficiency of plants... that there is room for content on these subjects separate from the list of all known stable isotopes.

Anyone up to the challenge of writing about it all?

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 71.124.76.137 (talk • contribs) 01:15, 3 August 2006.

Topic merged.

203.89.172.185 22:45, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

Group of Stable Isotopes
Removed pointless table. The formatting was off - Be, F, ... appeared under the zero heading (or halfway between it and one). Is this just a bit of counting WP:OR? It will need some justification (double meaning there) if it is to be included. Vsmith 15:09, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

Xenon
Xenon has only 7 stable isotopes. Xenon-136 is unstable.

please fix the list it ! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.59.106.58 (talk) 08:32, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

Not yet. Only lower limit on half-life exists. All 9 naturally occurring isotopes of Xe are not observed to be radioactive. --V1adis1av 14:17, 18 September 2007 (UTC) You right, sorry. anyway....

Xenon-124 is missing from the list !!!!! also Tantalum-180-m like Bismuth-209, it's considered unstable. it's still on the list ??? !!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.169.191.228 (talk) 00:18, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

You are right, Xe-124 was missing. However, Ta-180m was NOT ever observed to be radioactive, only lower limits on its half life were set (technically, it can decay by four different ways: alpha, beta-minus, beta-plus and isomeric transition). So it should remain in the list until its radioactivity would be found in an experiment - I hope it will happen one day. --V1adis1av 18:54, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

Missing Isotopes
Isotopes that I noticed were missing: Chromium-50, Germanium-76, Selenium-82, Krypton-78, Molybdenum-100, Cadmium-116, Tellurium-120, Tellurium-128, Barium-130, Cerium-136, Cerium-142, Neodymium-150, Europium-151, Tungsten-180, Osmium-184, Mercury-196, Bismuth-209

Not sure about the following since in the CRC it mentions isomers: Cadmium-113, Tellurium-125, Lead-204

Istopes that need to be removed: Tellurium-123 and Tantalum-180m

I used the CRC and a comparison to the Mad_Chemist list to look for differences otherwise there is no way I would have gone throught the whole list. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.67.42.147 (talk) 16:54, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Among the naturally occurring (stable and long-lived) nuclides:

 * 48-Ca, 76-Ge, 82-Se, 96-Zr, 100-Mo, 116-Cd, 128-Te, 130-Te, 130-Ba, 144-Nd, and 150-Nd are double beta (2b) active;
 * 151-Eu and 180-W are alpha active;
 * 78-Kr, 123-Te, 142-Ce, 156-Dy, 149-Sm, 192-Os, and 204-Pb are not radioactive (claims on registration of radioactivity were later carefully checked and "closed", as, for example, for 123-Te). For their half lives, only lower limits are known. So them should be considered as stable, for the current experimental sensitivity.
 * 180-Ta ground state is short-lived (8.125 h) and its excited state is (meta)stable with only lower limit on the half-live known (>1e15 yr).
 * Let me give a list of 31 nuclides that are known to be radioactive with half-life >7E8 yr (i.e. primordial radioactive nuclides) as for today (decay modes: alpha (a), beta (b), double beta (2b), spontaneous fusion (SF), cluster emission(CE)):
 * 40-K (b), 48-Ca (2b), 50-V (b), 76-Ge (2b), 82-Se (2b), 87-Rb (b), 96-Zr (2b), 100-Mo (2b), 113-Cd (b), 116-Cd (2b), 115-In (b), 128-Te (2b), 130-Te (2b), 130-Ba (2b), 138-La (b), 144-Nd (a), 150-Nd (2b), 147-Sm (a), 148-Sm (a), 151-Eu (a), 152-Gd (a), 176-Lu (b), 174-Hf (a), 180-W (a), 187-Re (b), 186-Os (a), 190-Pt (a), 209-Bi (a), 232-Th (a, SF), 235-U (a, CE), 238-U (a, 2b, SF).

 * The sources like CRC and Mad_Chemist can be out of date because many of the above-mentioned nuclides were found to be radioactive only during the last decade (for example, observation of Eu-151 alpha decay was published in 2007). For some nuclides, the lower limits established for half-lives were cited in some sources as positive results (i.e. the claims that a decay was not found and its half-life is longer than ... were understood as the half-life is equal to ...).
 * You are right about 50-Cr, 78-Kr, 136-Ce, 142-Ce, 196-Hg -- they have to be added to the list of stable nuclides. All of them were predicted to be double beta active (with very long half-lives) but their radioactivity was never observed. --V1adis1av (talk) 00:03, 21 February 2008 (UTC)
 * According to Isotopes of lead, 204-Pb is stable, too. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.70.15.202 (talk) 20:00, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

 * There are 33 primordial radioactive nuclides:

40K, 48Ca, 50V, 76Ge, 82Se, 78Kr, 87Rb, 96Zr, 100Mo, 113Cd, 116Cd, 115In, 128Te, 130Te, 136Xe, 130Ba, 138La, 144Nd, 150Nd, 147Sm, 148Sm, 151Eu, 152Gd, 176Lu, 174Hf, 180W, 187Re, 186Os, 190Pt, 209Bi, 232Th, 235U, 238U

and 46 "stable" nuclides whose half-life only have the lower bound:

40Ca, 46Ca, 50Cr, 54Fe, 58Ni, 64Zn, 70Zn, 94Zr, 92Mo, 98Mo, 96Ru, 110Pd, 106Cd, 108Cd, 114Cd, 124Sn, 120Te, 123Te, 124Xe, 134Xe, 132Ba, 136Ce, 138Ce, 142Ce, 145Nd, 148Nd, 149Sm, 154Sm, 160Gd, 156Dy, 162Er, 170Er, 168Yb, 176Yb, 180mTa, 182W, 183W, 184W, 186W, 184Os, 192Os, 192Pt, 198Pt, 196Hg, 204Pb, 208Pb

(currently, 78Kr and 136Xe are known to be radioactive, but 123Te is not) --- xayahrainie43, 2018. 09. 07. 18:31

Differences from reference
I have compared the current article list to the current content of the article reference. I am just reporting the differences here without evaluating them, which I haven't done any research for. The article has nine entries not in the reference:
 * Chromium-50, Zinc-70, Tellurium-123, Xenon-124, Xenon-136, Cerium-142, Tantalum-180m, Tungsten-183, and Tungsten-184.

The reference has eight stable entries not in the article:
 * 76Ge, 116Cd, 120Te, 125Te, 130Ba, 151Eu, 180W, 209Bi.

PrimeHunter (talk) 00:17, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Try to search in this mode: . You can see that there are stable isotopes as well as isotopes with half-life shown like greater than 1.8E+17 y etc. It means that the radioactivity for given nuclide was not found and it should be considered as stable. Take into account that this database is somewhat old (February 1999) and studies in the last decade are not reflected. --V1adis1av (talk) 17:48, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

No stability beyond holmium?
If I understand the list right and all isotopes of elements Holmium (Ho) and beyond are really predicted seriously to be radioactive, then we should write that in other articles. Or are those modes only theoretical decays what would happen if this isotope would be unstable? then we should delete them. If Dysprosium (which is far away from Bismuth) was the last really stable element, then we would have to write that in several other articles! Because after Dy there come some common elements (W, Pt, Au, Hg, Pb) which would then be called "radioactive". Especially for gold, this is shocking if it decays to less valuable Iridium and then Re, Ta, Lu, Tm, Ho, tb so, admittedly on an extremely long run, all gold will become terbium (Tb)which we should write in the articles if verifiable! --Eu-151 (talk) 18:09, 28 June 2009 (UTC)

 * It's perfectly fine to reference the theoretical prediction in this article. However, because reality doesn't always follow theory, and because of the very problem you're addressing, we've taken the somewhat more conservative view that isotopes are deemed "stable" unless they have been experimentally proven to be radioactive (by direct observation of decay) or else (in the famous case of tellurium-128) by confirmation of a radiogenic daughter (which gets us out to 10^24 yrs). S  B Harris 19:23, 28 June 2009 (UTC)
 * It would be fine "to reference the theoretical prediction in this article", but no reference for the predictions is given, AFAICS. The category "theoretically unstable" should be removed unless a reliable reference is provided. (Also, their predicted probability of decay should be vastly higher than that of proton decay for that category to make sense.) --Roentgenium111 (talk) 18:00, 30 June 2012 (UTC)

 * It's not really that gold-197 is "radioactive". It is created a decay chain with alpha and beta minus decay, the decay chain will end at gadolinium-157.Cristiano Toàn (talk) 03:07, 15 January 2011 (UTC)
 * The above remark is extremely unclear and it is practically useless. 98.67.96.19 (talk) 17:09, 11 August 2012 (UTC)

 * The predicted decay chain of Au-197 would be:
 * Au-197 → Ir-193 → Re-189 → Os-189 → W-185 → Re-185 → Ta-181 → Lu-177 → Hf-177 → Yb-173 → Er-169 → Tm-169 → Ho-165 → Tb-161 → Dy-161 → Gd-157 → spontaneous fission. Double sharp (talk) 15:10, 29 September 2012 (UTC)

Gold-197 is predict to be undergone by alpha decay because gold-197 nuclide has a slightly heavier than sum of masses of alpha particle and Iridium-197 nuclide Each Gold-197 atom has a mass 196.9665687u Iridium-193 atom has a mass 192.9629264u Alpha partilce 4.0026025u Each gold-197 atom decays will release 0.968 MeVCristiano Toàn (talk) 02:04, 17 November 2012 (UTC)

Still unreferenced
The discussed claim that almost two-thirds of all isotopes currently considered to be stable are theoretically unstable (which is repeated all over the article) is still unreferenced after a full two years! If no proper reference for this very strong claim can be given, practically the whole section Stable_nuclide, as well as lots of other article text, would need to be removed because it's based on this unreferenced claim. If it's really "definitely not OR" it does desperately need a citation soon. --Roentgenium111 (talk) 16:45, 13 June 2014 (UTC)
 * The "isotopes of element X" pages were edited by XinaNicole in 2011 to include this information on predicted decay modes, referencing it to Nucleonica's Universal Nuclide Chart http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx (registration required). I added this link as a reference for this section. (BTW, this predicted info is also in the element infoboxes.) Double sharp (talk) 04:07, 14 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks; so you can confirm the claims from that chart?
 * But if this is the only source and there are no secondary sources discussing the theoretical instability of most of the stable isotopes, I think we should still reduce the (IMO) undue weight of discussing these "theoretically instable" isotopes in the article. --Roentgenium111 (talk) 20:02, 2 July 2014 (UTC)
 * It didn't always require registration, and when XinaNicole added it it didn't: so I assume it must have had this info. But I'm not sure now. Double sharp (talk) 12:59, 4 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I see; I thought you might have registered there yourself (I haven't either). But the claims in this article were already added in 2009 by V1adis1av, and he only gave a reference for the fact that "many stable [...] nuclides have positive energy release in different kinds of radioactive decays", not for the decays themselves. It's quite possible that XinaNicole's Nucleonica source is also only for the positive mass difference. IMO, it's clearly OR to assume that any process with positive energy is predicted to occur; there are many other conservation laws in nuclear physics... --Roentgenium111 (talk) 14:39, 4 July 2014 (UTC)
 * It may well give actual predictions for some of the relevant nuclides, though, because XinaNicole also added predicted half-lives for some of these nuclides, such as 196Hg. Double sharp (talk) 14:47, 4 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, I can't remember where I got those predicted half-lives. I think it was from that site, but I can't be sure, since it's been three years since I worked on those articles. It definitely wasn't OR on my part, but I can't say for sure that it wasn't someone else's OR.  Sorry I can't be of more help  XinaNicole (talk) 06:42, 5 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks for chiming in. Then I will try to substantially reduce the "theoretically unstable" claims in this article if we can't exclude them being OR. --Roentgenium111 (talk) 13:25, 27 August 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't remember seeing these figures anywhere on WP before XinaNicole's work. It may well be Nucleonica's research or some other site's research, in which case it would be fine (but still perhaps undue weight). A clue comes from list of nuclides, which lists predicted decay energies for these nuclei and states that almost all data is from Jagdish K. Tuli, Nuclear Wallet Cards, 7th edition, April 2005, Brookhaven National Laboratory, US National Nuclear Data Center. If the decay energies are listed, then surely the decay modes must be as well. The half-lives are sketchier and may or may not be OR. I'll have to check some more. Double sharp (talk) 15:03, 27 August 2014 (UTC)
 * The decay energies would indeed only make sense together with the corresponding decay modes; but it's obviously possible (even easy) for a source (or a WP editor) to calculate hypothetical decay energies without predicting that the decays do occur. (Predicting half-lives is much harder.) Even if the decay data AND the decay predictions are backed up by Nucleonica or some other site, I don't think the article should give the predictions as definitive facts, since exceptional claims like these require several high-quality (preferably non-primary or at least peer-reviewed) sources. But I'd be glad if such sources could be found... --Roentgenium111 (talk) 16:52, 28 August 2014 (UTC)

Policy
Wouldn't most physicist say that if there's lower energy (double electron capture, double beta) then it's very likely it's not stable it's merely very long half life —Preceding unsigned comment added by 170.170.59.139 (talk) 21:08, 28 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, but predicting it is one thing, seeing it is another. Hydrogen, and indeed all elements, are predicted to be unstable by proton decay, which is actually allowed (though rare) in standard theory. It hasn't yet been seen. If we put in all the things that could happen in theory, there would be no stable isotopes AT ALL. S  B Harris 23:46, 28 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Let's remember also that there have been theories which have been accepted as standard by "most physicists" but later turned out to be wrong. A responsible encyclopedia must distinguish between observed facts and unproved theories, even if they are consensus theories. Dirac66 (talk) 00:19, 1 March 2010 (UTC)

 * What you say above, Dirac 66, is a very rare event! For common people like you and me, THEY ARE NOT EVEN WORTH BEING CONCERNED ABOUT. Why do you worry about something that happens in one case out of a million? I suggest that you pay attention to the 999,999 and that would do you a lot more good. 98.67.96.19 (talk) 17:17, 11 August 2012 (UTC)

Confusing sentence in Definition of stability ...
To Sbharris: I am trying to understand the meaning of an already confusing sentence to which you added the words "greater than" which confuse me even more. The sentence now reads "The shortest half-lives of easily detectable primordially present radioisotopes are around 700 million years (e.g., 235U), with a lower present limit on detection of primordial isotopes of half live greater than 80 million years (e.g., 244Pu)."

Is the following suggested rewrite equivalent? "Primordially present radioisotopes are easily detected with half-lives as short as 700 million years (e.g., 235U), although some primordial isotopes have been detected with half lives as short as (greater than?) 80 million years (e.g., 244Pu)."

Also, the 244Pu article says (in the first sentence) that the half-life is 80 million years, so what does "greater than" mean here? Dirac66 (talk) 14:05, 9 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I should re-write this so it's impossible to misunderstand. We can detect the primordial presense of isotopes that have half lives greater than 80 million years. For those that half half lives shorter than that, there's too little around to see with present methods. This could change. For the cutoff between Pu-244 and the nuclide with the next-shorter half-life, see list of nuclides. Meanwhile, I'll try to clarify this. S  B Harris 18:52, 9 August 2010 (UTC)

Tellurium-128
I think we should take a tellurium-128 in "stable" isotopes category because with the half life 2.2x10^24 years so that mean only one decay in about 1925 days if we have a mole of this isotopeCristiano Toàn (talk) 10:12, 22 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Our policy has been to declare any isotope that has a measured halflife (by any means) to be fair game for being a radioisotope (otherwise you get into all the problems mentioned in this article and wind up with only 90 stable isotopes left, all in the first 40 elements). Te-128 has the longest half life known, but not from direct measurement but geochronology. I believe from measurement by mass spectrometry of excess (stable) Xe-128 (to which Te-128 it has decayed by double beta decay) in rocks containing Te-128. It's a sort of Te/Xe dating, but using the date of the rock found by other means to inversely measure the half life of the Te-128 in it. 2e24 years is what came out. Think of a mole sitting in a rock for a billion years-- If you get one decay every 5.3 years then you end up with 200 million atoms of extra Xe-128. Perhaps enough to count a few. S  B Harris 03:39, 16 April 2011 (UTC)

Maximum stability atomic number fallback rationale
Also note that if the list is ordered by atomic number, we have OE81Tl205 in 4th place behind EE82Pb206, EE82Pb207, and EE82Pb208. And we used to have OE83Bi209 as first, until it was reported that a few of them would occasionally emit an alpha (2He4) particle and drop back into the OE81Tl205 category. And it is the theory that all Bi209 isotopes are identical that causes this event to make us believe that there are no stable 83Bi209 atoms.WFPM (talk) 23:31, 15 April 2011 (UTC) And the estimated halflife of Bi209 is 1.9x!0^19 years. Or maybe an OE83Bi209 atom is just an OETl205 atom with a loose alpha particle??. Incidentally, after the OE83Bi209 atom emits an alpha particle, what does it do with the 2 extra electrons? They must be emitted, with some amount of unaccounted for kinetic energy. Does anybody know these details?WFPM (talk) 17:49, 16 April 2011 (UTC) http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/17319

If spontaneous fission, why not spontaneous fusion?
We are saying that any nuclide which is heavier than its potential fission products is theoretically unstable to spontaneous fission, no matter how low the probability. Obviously a nuclide lighter than the iron peak can't transform into matter with higher binding energy in isolation. But most matter, at least for elements beyond the lightest, is not isolated but part of condensed matter. If two nuclides are in proximity, and their fusion would potentially release energy, isn't there some tunneling probability, no matter how small, that the two would eventually fuse, releasing energy? If it's true that in condensed matter, nuclides both below and above the iron peak will fuse or fission towards iron, why list the former unambiguously as "stable"? --JWB (talk) 17:44, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Do you have a reference for your claims, or is this original research? Also, stability is normally defined for an isolated nucleus - every isotope will fuse and/or decay when it collides with another nucleus. --Roentgenium111 (talk) 17:51, 30 June 2012 (UTC)

 * "Spontaneous fusion"? What an odd idea. It never happens. For example, two helium nuclei or two carbon nuclei ever fuse with one another (yielding beryllium in the first case), no matter how extreme the conditions are. Also, as Roentgenium111 pointed out, stability of nuclei is something that is considered one atom at a time. Is one atom of U-235 stable? No. Is one atom of oxygen-16 stable. Yes.98.67.96.19 (talk) 17:26, 11 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Under extreme conditions, "spontaneous" fusion does occur, e.g. for hydrogen inside the Sun. But since hydrogen has a "half-life" of billions of years even there, the rate of spontaneous fusion under standard conditions is likely unmeasurably small (but not quite zero, when several atoms are present).--Roentgenium111 (talk) 14:45, 4 July 2014 (UTC)

 * I think spontaneous fission for nuclides ≥ Nb-93 is just a hypothetical, since it has never been observed for any nuclides with mass number < 232, just like the proton decay, thus I think the heaviest theoretically stable nuclide is Dy-164 instead of Zr-92. Besides, none of the "stable" nuclides with mass number < 165 satisfy the condition of spontaneous fission: $$\frac{Z^2}{A} \ge 47$$ (e.g. for Nb-93, we have (41^2)/93 = 18.0752..., which is much smaller than 47).
 * No, proton decay is very different. It would require new physics, while spontaneous fission above Zr-92 is allowed by energetic considerations. Note that the 47 value is much too strict: 250Cm decays primarily through SF, but its value of Z2/A is only 36.864. Double sharp (talk) 02:24, 13 September 2018 (UTC)
 * But for Nb-93 this value of Z2/A is much low..., I do not believe that any nuclide with A ≤ 224 can spontaneous fission.
 * All that means is that the fission barrier is probably very high and thus the half-life is very long. It has no bearing on whether or not the fission is energetically possible. The barriers for many of the other predicted decay modes are also very high: some of the stable Pb isotopes have predicted half-lives going above 10100 years. Double sharp (talk) 23:46, 13 September 2018 (UTC)

Yes, I think the 46 isotopes in the list have half-lives < 1035 years, but the 61 isotopes in the list have half-lives > 1050 years. However, I don's think the 56 nuclides in the list will undergo spontaneous fission, since their $$\frac{Z^2}{A}$$ is much smaller than 47.
 * Whether or not the decay has been searched for does not necessarily have anything to do with how long the half-lives are actually going to be. All four stable isotopes of Pb have experimental lower bounds for their alpha decay: they are 1.4×1020 years for 204Pb, 2.5×1021 years for 206Pb, 1.9×1021 years for 207Pb, and 2.6×1021 years for 208Pb. However, if you look at that very same paper, the predicted half-lives from theoretical models are far greater: 2.3×1035 to 1.2×1037 years for 204Pb, 1.8×1065 to 6.7×1068 years for 206Pb, 3.6×10152 to 3.4×10189 years for 207Pb, and 1.2×10124 to 7.4×10132 years for 208Pb. It should be fairly clear that while these decays have been searched for, probably no one seriously expects them to actually be seen in the near future. That is why we should simply focus on one measure: have we experimentally seen decay or not? Whether decay has been searched for is interesting but is not terribly useful as a dividing line. Double sharp (talk) 15:49, 18 September 2018 (UTC)

Stable isotopes
H-1, H-2 He-3, He-4 Li-6, Li-7 Be-9 B-10, B-11 C-12, C-13 N-14, N-15 O-16, O-17, O-18 F-19 Ne-20, Ne-21, Ne-22 Na-23 Mg-24, Mg-25, Mg-26 Al-27 Si-28, Si-29, Si-30 P-31 S-32, S-33, S-34, S-36 Cl-35, Cl-37 (Ar-36), Ar-38, Ar-40 K-39, K-41 (Ca-40), Ca-42, Ca-43, Ca-44, (Ca-46) Sc-45 Ti-46, Ti-47, Ti-48, Ti-49, Ti-50 V-51 (Cr-50), Cr-52, Cr-53, Cr-54 Mn-55 (Fe-54), Fe-56, Fe-57, Fe-58 Co-59 (Ni-58), Ni-60, Ni-61, Ni-62, Ni-64 Cu-63, Cu-65 (Zn-64), Zn-66, Zn-67, Zn-68, (Zn-70) Ga-69, Ga-71 Ge-70, Ge-72, Ge-73, Ge-74 As-75 (Se-74), Se-76, Se-77, Se-78, (Se-80) Br-79, Br-81 (Kr-78), Kr-80, Kr-82, Kr-83, Kr-84, (Kr-86) Rb-85 (Sr-84), Sr-86, Sr-87, Sr-88 Y-89 Zr-90, Zr-91, Zr-92, (Zr-94) Nb-93 (Mo-92), Mo-94, Mo-95, Mo-96, Mo-97, (Mo-98) Tc-->No stable isotopes! (Ru-96), Ru-98, Ru-99, Ru-100, Ru-101, Ru-102, (Ru-104) Rh-103 (Pd-102), Pd-104, Pd-105, Pd-106, Pd-108, (Pd-110) Ag-107, Ag-109 (Cd-106), (Cd-108), Cd-110, Cd-111, Cd-112, (Cd-114) In-113 (Sn-112), Sn-114, Sn-115, Sn-116, Sn-117, Sn-118, Sn-119, Sn-120, (Sn-122), (Sn-124) Sb-121, Sb-123 (Te-120), Te-122, Te-124, Te-125, Te-126 I-127 (Xe-124), (Xe-126), Xe-128, Xe-129, Xe-130, Xe-131, Xe-132, (Xe-134) Cs-133 (Ba-132), Ba-134, Ba-135, Ba-136, Ba-137, Ba-138 La-139 (Ce-136), (Ce-138), Ce-140, (Ce-142) Pr-141 Nd-142, (Nd-143), (Nd-145), (Nd-146), (Nd-148) Pm-->No stable isotopes! (Sm-144), (Sm-149), (Sm-150), (Sm-152), (Sm-154) (Eu-153) (Gd-154), (Gd-155), Gd-156, Gd-157, Gd-158, (Gd-160) Tb-159 (Dy-156), (Dy-158), Dy-160, (Dy-161), (Dy-162), (Dy-163), Dy-164 (Ho-165) (Er-162), (Er-164), (Er-166), (Er-167), (Er-168), (Er-170) (Tm-169) (Yb-168), (Yb-170), (Yb-171), (Yb-172), (Yb-173), (Yb-174), (Yb-176) (Lu-175) (Hf-176), (Hf-177), (Hf-178), (Hf-179), (Hf-180) (Ta-180m), (Ta-181) (W-182), (W-183), (W-184), (W-186) (Re-185) (Os-184), (Os-187), (Os-188), (Os-189), (Os-190), (Os-192) (Ir-191), (Ir-193) (Pt-192), (Pt-194), (Pt-195), (Pt-196), (Pt-198) (Au-197) (Hg-196), (Hg-198), (Hg-199), (Hg-200), (Hg-201), (Hg-202), (Hg-204) (Tl-203), (Tl-205) (Pb-204), (Pb-206), (Pb-207), (Pb-208) Bi or heavier-->No more stable isotopes! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.126.202.81 (talk) 15:50, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * There is also a list in this article. Did you take time to read it? Do you disagree with it? S  B Harris 22:50, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * He or she appears to disagree with the inclusion in Te-123 in the list in the article. Double sharp (talk) 11:14, 1 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, they are out of date (see below). Te-123 has a half life at least 5x10^19 years and probably much longer. It is presently observationally stable. S  B Harris 02:55, 16 September 2013 (UTC)
 * I know, and was just clarifying the situation! :-) Double sharp (talk) 10:56, 16 September 2013 (UTC)

Te-123
Why Te-123 is stable? It's half-life is 5.99E14 year right? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.126.202.81 (talk) 15:20, 14 July 2012 (UTC)
 * No. See isotopes of tellurium. Decay of Te-123 by EC was claimed to have been observed, but more recent observations have not found it, and the report was apparently in error. Te-123 is still observationally stable. In theory it has a half life that has been calculated (as do many other "stable" nuclides"), but (see list of nuclides) our policy here has been to include only nuclides that have more direct evidence of decay, in terms of observation, or historical measurment of decay products in old rocks. S  B Harris 02:54, 16 September 2013 (UTC)
 * I'm quite curious why 123Te is so stable. It must decay, as its electron capture to 123Sb releases energy. What I'm wondering is what inhibits it from this decay (and why the energy released is so small). Double sharp (talk) 15:15, 16 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Apparently one needs to be a nuclear physicist to understand it. . An even-proton odd-neutron nuclide is capturing an electron to be an odd-proton even-neutron nuclide, and isn't happy about it or that eager to do it. The various influences lined up on both sides of this are apparently nearly balanced. There are a lot of things in nature that are energetically favorable that just don't happen. Decay of all the "stable" nuclides heavier than Z=40, for example. Perhaps we just live on the wrong time scale, is all. S  B Harris 05:09, 17 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Part of it must be that 123Sb has spin 7/2+ and 123Te 1/2+, so the beta decay would be second-forbidden. The mass difference is also really tiny (123Sb: 122.9042140; 123Te: 122.9042700), so it is no wonder that 123Te is grumpy about having to decay theoretically. Double sharp (talk) 12:28, 27 June 2016 (UTC)

Cristiano Toàn (talk) 10:26, 4 March 2023 (UTC)two neighbour beta decay cases 113Cd (mass 112.9044017, spin 1/2+) to 113In (mass 112.904058, spin 9/2+) mass difference 0.0003437u (energy 0.3201 MeV) 115In (mass 114.903878, spin 9/2+) 115Sn (mass 114.903342, spin 1/2+) mass difference 0.000536u (energy 0.499 MeV)

Tabulate the Information
The information on how many elements have how many stable isotopes ought to be TABULATED rather than listed in a very long sentence in the text. The tabulated information would be much faster to read and to grasp. I tried to tabulate thie information this morning, but then someone who must believe that he OWNS this article reverted my changes. I do not appreciate it. If you did not like my tabulated information, you should have worked on making a better table rather than greedily reverting the work that I had done. You might not believe it, but tabulated information is often a much better way to present it for ease of comprehension. Otherwise, why would bother making and using tables? 98.67.96.19 (talk) 17:03, 11 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Perhaps our web-reader programs differ? I see no sentence. I see a carriage-return delimited WP:LIST. This works fine for the purpose, but I have no objection to a table. I fail to find the edit where somebody reverted your conversion of a delimited LIST to a table. Could you point it out? S  B Harris 18:31, 11 August 2012 (UTC)

Valley of nuclear stability - general problems
I've been thinking of creating an article on Valley of nuclear stability, but ran across this article. There seems to be a general confusion of articles on this subject. Nuclear valley (which is vague) redirects here, whereas Valley of stability redirects to Island of stability (which is wrong!). I am not so sure that "stable nuclide" is quite the place for a redirect from "valley of stability". I propose a new article on Valley of nuclear stability - such an article would provide an umbrella discussion of stable/unstable nuclei. At the very least, the term "Valley of nuclear stability" or "Valley of stability" is a basic concept in nuclear physics that needs a better description/discussion; there are ample available citations for this term ("Vally of stability" alone is a term that seems overly generic, if one is not aware of its nuclear context). Incidentally, this article has as its first figure a "Graph of nuclides..."... I've just learned this is called a "Segre' chart", a term this article should define. I got here by working on beta decay and neutron. I had started a "sandbox" version of the proposed article at User:Bdushaw/Valley of nuclear stability; still in chicken-scratch phase. The reference "Nucleus: A trip into the heart of matter". By R. Mackintosh, J. Ai-Khalili, B. Jonson, and T. Pena, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 2001 ISBN: 0-801 8-6860-2 url: http://www.nupecc.org/pans/Data/CHAPT_6.PDF seemed illuminating. What do people think? Bdushaw (talk) 22:23, 19 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Meanwhile there is also Table of nuclides - this article, and others, have considerable redundancy with this one. Bdushaw (talk) 22:34, 19 June 2016 (UTC)

Awful article
What an awful article. I strongly disagree with the first sentence of the lead:"Stable nuclides are nuclides that are not radioactive and so (unlike radionuclides) do not spontaneously undergo radioactive decay." Although I understand that the lead should be simple, this sentence is simply wrong without the additional qualification that they are isotopes which have no MEASURABLE radioactivity (or "observable", if you want). I forget who it was who said we should make our statements as simple as possible, but no simpler, and I argue that hiding the SCIENCE (observational aspects) of the definition is misleading. There are a variety of other problems with the article, most of them fairly minor. Primordial is used before it is explained and should not imho ever be used to mean of an age of 4.5 billion years when the article also discussed the Big Bang (13.8 billon years ago). And speaking of the big bang, this article implies that many of the stable isotopes were created during primordial nucleosynthesis (see what I mean about the word 'primordial'?), and they were (generally) NOT. I see no reason that the sentence "Many naturally occurring radioisotopes (another 51 or so, for a total of about 339) exhibit still shorter half-lives than 68 million years, but they are made freshly, as daughter products of decay processes of primordial nuclides (for example, radium from uranium) or from ongoing energetic reactions, such as cosmogenic nuclides produced by present bombardment of Earth by cosmic rays (for example, 14C made from nitrogen)." is such a run on and so long. Add to that the fact that by "bombardment of Earth" what is really meant is collision of cosmic rays (link) with atoms in the Earth's atmosphere. (which is mostly what happens.) The article has obviously been added to by more recent contributors who for some reason did not remover earlier and conflicting verbiage. It needs a entire make-over by someone more articulate than I am ("present bombardment" ?!?!?). It should NOT, imho, take a close reading of the entire article to find out that 1. We don't know which, IF ANY, of the elements are infinitely (indefinitely) stable, 2. Our definition of stability is constrained by the methods we use, and those methods are continuing to improve, and 3. For more or less historical reasons, we regard 80 elements as having stable isotopes. I strongly doubt the claim that the "island of stability" is theorized to contain STABLE isotopes - Citation needed. (and as far as THAT article, it's in worse shape than this one! Nuclear shell model? and I thought we were in the 21st Century! Explaining nuclear stability in terms of the shell model is an exercise in numerology, imho; too bad someone more knowledgeable in the science hasn't contributed.) Oh, and I wonder about what "do not spontaneously undergo radioactive decay" MEANS in a Universe filled with neutrinos - do we really know? Just showing my ignorance, probably, but still...the existence of particles which only rarely interact with normal matter in such high abundance (here I'm speaking of not only neutrinos but also dark matter particles) makes "spontaneous" a bit questionable to me. One last thought: It might be helpful for a short lucid explanation of the relationship and differences between the terms "nuclide", "isotope", and "stable element".173.184.23.223 (talk) 17:48, 29 December 2017 (UTC)

Presentation
I think the list of stable isotopes here might better be presented as a Segrè chart (and then it would make sense to also show the other primorial radioisotopes, though maybe not 244Pu and 146Sm which fall in a weird limbo where some must be around but experimentally finding them is seriously problematic). Double sharp (talk) 03:28, 6 March 2018 (UTC)

Mistakes in the figure/table
The figure figure legend is incorrect. The blue region has more protons than neutrons and represents beta plus emitting nuclides instead of beta min. The orange/pink region represents beta min instead of beta plus.

The figure appears to have noticable mistakes. It indicates that tungsten (74 protons) has no stable isotopes (all are marked yellow for α-decay). Many other stable isotopes that do not lie on the main diagonal are also missing (e.g. most calcium isotopes are missing, including 40Ca).

A related issue is with another similar image which does have more off-diagonal stable elements, but also lists tungsten as unstable. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 149.126.136.53 (talk) 15:09, 1 September 2018 (UTC)
 * The info seems to be from NUBASE, which often lists still-theoretical decay modes like these as if they had actually been observed. Double sharp (talk) 02:40, 3 September 2018 (UTC)

 * That image has a very serious error: Dy163 is stable (even theoretically stable, this is the second-heaviest theoretically stable nuclide), but this image shows that it can undergo beta-decay (in fact, it can undergo beta-decay only when fully ionized (i.e. 163Dy66+)).
 * Not quite, actually: the image puts under 163Dy "STABLE", but then immediately self-contradicts by writing "β−: 100.00%". Maybe it's about the bound-state beta decay, but in that case I think the black stable colouring should win out, not the pink beta-minus decay... Double sharp (talk) 08:51, 22 April 2020 (UTC)
 * The chart is looking better. However, the stable nuclides 36Ar and 40Ca are still miscolored as beta-plus emitters (perhaps because of the theoretical possibility of rare double electron capture, but most sources including NUBASE consider them stable). 98.111.206.120 (talk) 16:28, 14 January 2024 (UTC)

Appeal for the People (or Myself)
I must object to the listing of elements prior in nuclear number to Bi that have various arguments for stability. The point is to, as the article says, summarize "stable nuclides." The article confuses the issue because of the multiple addenda and footnotes on the list. It's sufficient to note Tc as an exception and close the table after Pb. It's reasonably known (but worth discussion in the main text) in informed circles that Pb is the last stable element, as opposed to Bi, but I wouldn't bicker over Pb vs Bi. That the latter requires ages as to its half-life beyond the billions of years of our universe is of course why our forbears though it stable.

But to predict via endless parentheticals and footnote indicators (asterisks, carets, daggers, etc) with which the list offered is burdened does not serve the Wiki population well. This should just recite the stable nuclides we know, with one style of asterisk for those that like Bi we know to be radioactive on a universe-exceeding timeline such as its at 10^19 years. Predicting decay on the order of years that exceed Bi (already at an almost incomprehensible order of magnitude at 10^19) just confuses the issue and should be moved to another article, perhaps, "Theoretically Radioactive Nuclides." This article should answer a reasonably educated layperson looking to the answer as to what are the stable (or, within the asterisk, observationally stable) nuclides. My humble. Citizen Sunshine (talk) 05:28, 17 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Double sharp (talk) 13:48, 18 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Many thanks for taking my recommendation seriously; the revised table is much more legible and useful as an explanator of "stable nuclides." Citizen Sunshine (talk) 04:52, 2 January 2021 (UTC)

Summary
The theoretically stable nuclides are those with the lowest energies among the isobars A = 1 ~ 142 (5 and 8 excluded), 156 ~ 159, 163 ~ 164.

In terms of atomic numbers or neutron numbers, they are nuclides with Z ≤ 59 (N ≤ 82) that have the lowest energies among their isobars, and 142Nd, 156,157,158Gd, 159Tb, 163,164Dy. 129.104.241.162 (talk) 19:26, 22 February 2024 (UTC) Cristiano Toàn (talk) 02:12, 5 March 2024 (UTC) Theoretically decay chains of nuclides of light Lanthanide elements Series 4n+1: 153Eu =>149Pm => 149Sm => 145Nd => 141Ce => 141Pr (stable nuclide with 82 neutrons) Sereis 4n+3: 155Gd => 151Sm => 151Eu => 147Pm => 147Sm => 143Nd => 139Ce => 139La (stable nuclide with 82 neutrons). The only natural decay chain contains electron capture process Series 4n: 156Dy => 152Gd => 148Sm => 144Nd => 140Ce (stable with 82 neutron). Note 156Dy might also undergo double electron capture to 156Gd. 152Gd might also undergo double electron capture to 152Sm

Nuclear Isomers
The nuclides with the 'same number of protans(Z)and neutrons(N) or the same mass number (A) which differ in energy states are called NUCLEAR ISOMERS.  117.228.219.243 (talk) 07:53, 29 February 2024 (UTC)

Binding Energy chart
The chart titled "Binding energy per nucleon of common isotopes" [Binding energy curve - common isotopes.svg] has a series of points indicated by either diamonds (most of them) or squares (about 20), and for the diamonds, some appear to be not quite vertically oriented. But there is no discussion anywhere associated with this chart to explain what the distinction is which is indicated by these two markers. Does anyone have a clue what this is about? 2001:56A:F0E9:9B00:68D7:C67D:3EFE:A8D1 (talk) 22:00, 18 March 2024 (UTC)JustSomeWikiReader

title: Talk:Stable nuclide


text:
Talk:Elephant Man (musician)

LGBT rights opposition category
Until someone puts an addition into the article explaining it, I feel the inclusion of this article in the 'LGBT rights opposition' category will have to be removed. Feel free to return it, with an appropriate addition to the article. Cometboy 20:40, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Hmm...where do you start?
 * log on and step pon chi chi man
 * ''The gay human rights group OutRage! is urging the Metropolitan Police to bring hate crime charges against Elephant Man, Bounty Killer and Beenie Man – all of whom are nominated for a MOBO Award in the category "Best Reggae Act".
 * Nah support no chi chi and we nah support no raper.
 * ''Shoot yourself elephant homophobe man
 * ''Arrest Anti-Gay Rappers, Music Cos. Activist Demands

etc. Guettarda 22:45, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for adding the section to the article. That clears it up. Add something to the Bounty Killer page too, if you would. Cometboy 06:31, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

The term chi-chi man does not necessarily mean gay man, and it literaly translates to mean "termite-man". The term can be used for any undesirable person, particularly a sexual deviant such as a child molestor or rapist. That Outrage! has seized on this word as meaning strictly 'gay' in their crusade against dancehall artists means that they either didnt do proper research, or they intentionally distorted the meaning. 07:01, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

 * And "batty man"? "We say de fire make we bun dem"?  That's pretty unambiguous.  You're taking one specific quote and saying all of what he said is ambiguous.  I rather doubt Elephant Man would disagree with the gist of what the article said.  Guettarda 12:05, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

What I’m saying is that the extent to which artists like Elephant Man supposedly incite violence against gay people is being grossly exaggerated. In Jamaican culture terms like "fire" and "burn" are metaphorical meaning like a spiritual fire; they don't actually mean setting someone on fire. As for "battyman" being unambiguous, think of how often terms like "faggot" are used in American culture without actually referring literally to a gay person. Terms like this are used in rap music, and groups like Outrage! haven't branded it as "hate music." 19:09, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

 * So you are saying that prominent rap musicians call for the killing of gays? You are saying that calling for the murder or maiming of someone in a metaphorical sense is ok, despite the fact that it is done in a literal sense?  I don't understand your point.  "Kill gays" isn't just a metaphor.  Guettarda 20:26, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

I'm saying that homophobic language doesn't necessarily equate with homophobic violence. Expressing disaproval of homosexuality, or using a term like "battyman", which may or may not even be used to refer to a gay person, and promoting violence are very different things. In fact, I can think of very few examples of dancehall artists actually saying expressly to "kill gays." In the Jamaican context, terms like "fire" and "burn" refer to a spiritual fire which one will experience in the afterlife or on the "day of judgement," there's basically no implication of actually burning someone; therefore, a term like "fire burn" isn't killing or maiming someone in a metaphorical sense anymore than telling someone to "go to hell" is. Violence is frequently invoked in dancehall in a way thats widely understood to be symbolic. Competing aritists and sound systems speak of "killing" their competition. Violent language in dancehall music is easily misunderstood outside of its cultural context. What i'm saying is that Outrage 's tactic of trying to ban songs and musicians was somewhat shallow and irresponsible. Their energies could have been better directed toward the root social causes, such as the fact that homosexuality is illegal in Jamaica as it is in many other countries, making dancehall artists' expressions of homophobia concurrent with the mainstream opinion there. In any event, I think its absurd to claim that artists like Elephant Man "call for" the killing of gays. 18:43, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

What? Musician? I thought he was defor...oh, wait
I realize that the name of this musician is "Elephant Man" or whatever...but even the disambiguation page says "Elephant Man" usually refers to Joseph Merrick, the Elephant Man. Shouldn't "Elephant Man" direct me to Merrick's page or the disambiguation page, instead of this article, since people will "usually" be searching for the guy with the deformity? 152.23.196.162 01:55, 29 March 2007 (UTC)
 * From where did you get redirected? number29  (Talk) 18:58, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Forgot to leave a note here, but I fixed those redirects a few days ago. Both Elephant man and The Elephant Man should redirect to Joseph Merrick.  Hong Qi Gong (Talk - Contribs) 19:07, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

It seems as though someone has since altered it back. I typed in "Elephant Man" on the front page only to be brought here. No disrespect (even though this person sounds like a prick) but Merrick and his moniker of The Elephant Man should take you here to the relevant page. It seems fanboys are undermining this website yet again. 195.92.168.165 23:02, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

It seems that these people are trying to tarnish a great musician name by saying he is inflicting or suggesting the killing of all "battyman" gay people. I used the word alot and so does many others and that does not mean we go out and inflict any pain or any manner of way onto these people. the fact is that they stay in thier culture if they dont understand ours. do you ever hear the jamaican coming out say you are steriotying us by saying we live in tree, or hut and so forth. It is just that battymanism is illegal in jamaica and so many other country.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I'd just like to say that the person who wrote the last paragraph is a complete moron. First off, Elephant Man is NOT a great musician. He's not even a musician! Yelling out of tune into a mic is not a talent. Although he may not be going out and killing gay people (I wouldn't put it past him though) he is still very openly homophobic and calls for all gays to be murdered. Now you're going to tell me you don't see anything wrong with that??? You and your friends can be bigots all you want, that doesn't make it right. So by your logic it's okay for me to call black people niggers and coons, and preach that they should all be murdered as long as I'm not murdering them myself?!? Screw you and screw Elephant Man. (The shitty dancehall "artist").

"Murder" section
I propose that the "Murder" section of "Controversy" be deleted. It was his brother who did it, and he supposedly did not speak about it. Isn't that the safest thing to do? I wouldn't speak about it...

Tezkag72 (talk) 00:31, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

 * You're right. I removed it. -Roger (talk) 00:38, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

Cleanup
Does any of the above still need to be cleaned up? Aside from the "Controversy" section being unbalanced or unbalancing the article, does anything else need to be cleaned up? Hyacinth (talk) 23:26, 6 July 2008 (UTC)

British wanting to arrest him
If he's Jamaican, and not British in any way, how come "an agreement with gay rights groups in the U.K. has allowed him to remain free" from being arrested by the British for violating UK hate crimes laws?

Last time I checked, Jamaica was a sovereign nation. Are those sneaky Brits trying to take back their former colony? I'm an American and we believe strongly in free speech, so I can only shake my head.

And that is to say nothing of the fact that the British have gotten such big heads that they now think they can arrest CITIZENS OF OTHER COUNTRIES. What's next, China putting out arrest warrents for individual Americans because they criticized communism, and the corresponding Wikipedia article implying that China has a right to do that? This section definitely needs work, as it's written from a very British-centric (dare I say imperialist?) POV. Stonemason89 (talk) 00:37, 15 September 2008 (UTC)

"Jamaica is a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy with the monarch being represented by a Governor-General. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who officially uses the title "Queen of Jamaica" when she visits the country or performs duties overseas on Jamaica's behalf."

So no, Jamaica isn't entirely a sovereign nation.

And I think you'll find that the arrest warrant is for when Elephant Man sets foot in the UK. I think you'll find the US has done the same thing numerous times over various matters. --Panzer71 (talk) 17:38, 18 April 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Elephant Man (musician). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120204110226/http://www.sfgate.com:80/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2012/01/31/international/i115611S30.DTL to http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2012/01/31/international/i115611S30.DTL

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 07:06, 7 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Elephant Man (musician). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120210101338/http://www.hiphopcanada.com/_site/entertainment/interviews/ent_int366.php to http://www.hiphopcanada.com/_site/entertainment/interviews/ent_int366.php

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:09, 22 December 2016 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Elephant Man (musician)


text: User talk:65.93.114.39

title: User talk:65.93.114.39


text:
User talk:JimPettis

Please do not add commercial links or links to your own private websites to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links. See the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Jdavidb 20:40, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Regarding Weasel Words
Please read WP:Weasel. If there is apparent consensus by experts in a field, we don't write "most experts". We only write "most experts" believe X, if we can cite *some* experts who don't believe X. --BostonMA talk  22:50, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:JimPettis


text: User talk:81.77.2.230

title: User talk:81.77.2.230


text:
Mickey Miller

Mickey Miller is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Joe Swash. He made his first appearance on 15 April 2003. Introduced as a guest character, Mickey proved popular and was turned into a regular by executive producer Louise Berridge. The character is portrayed as a wheeler-dealer, involved in various money-making scams. A family was built around the character in 2004 when the other Millers moved to Albert Square. It was announced on 25 February 2008 that the characters of Mickey and his stepfather Keith had been axed by EastEnders ' executive producer Diederick Santer. Mickey left on 1 July 2008. In July 2011, it was announced Swash would reprise his role for the departure storyline of his screen brother Darren and appeared for two episodes on 19 and 20 September 2011.

Creation
The role of Mickey Miller was played by Joe Swash. The actor had originally auditioned for the part of Spencer Moon, which was eventually cast to Christopher Parker. However, the BBC bosses saw potential, and six months later, Swash was offered the part of Spencer's friend, Mickey.

The character was originally supposed to appear in only six episodes, but Mickey proved so popular with viewers that the soap's executive producer, Louise Berridge, decided to make him into a regular character. Swash has commented, "I'm pleased it happened that way, I have done it on my own merit rather than coming in as part of a family. It's a bit more special."

The BBC has described Mickey as a "lovable character" and "a happy-go-lucky wide boy." They continued, "Mickey is always on the look-out for a scam and a chance to make some easy money".

Introducing Mickey's family
For his first year in the soap, little was known about the character's background, which Swash commented on in an interview with the Sunday Mirror in February 2004: "It's weird because we don't know anything about Mickey's background. I was filming Kat and Alfie's wedding and I thought, 'Hang on, where's my family? Why have I abandoned them on Christmas Day to go to some wedding?' But I'm sure it'll all become clear. I think they're going to get in some other characters around Mickey, some family and friends, so we'll find out more about him."

In April 2004, the casting team held workshops, screen tests and script readings with the potential actors for Mickey's family. Shana Swash, the sister of Joe Swash, was cast as Mickey's younger half sister Demi Miller. Other family members included stepfather Keith (David Spinx), mother Rosie (Gerry Cowper) and half brother Darren (Charlie G. Hawkins). The family were publicised as "troublemakers" who were joining "in order to drum up conflict with existing characters." Louise Berridge said, "This lot are trouble. Even the dog is dodgy [...] They're set to cause havoc all over the square...". The family's introduction in September 2004 followed a survey in The Mirror newspaper which suggested that 57% of EastEnders viewers thought the soap had lost its appeal. Joe Swash has revealed that giving Mickey a family was not the producers' original plan for the character, but he was pleased when he was told of the development one year prior to their introduction: "Before, I was in and out all the time. I didn't really know where I stood as an actor. Now that the family are here, I feel like Mickey's a more regular character. I'm really happy about it [...] I didn't know exactly what they'd be like until about three or four months ago. They're really different which I think is good. I'm really pleased with them [...] they're really close. They won't hear a bad word said about each other. They'll kid each other in private, but in public they rally round and stick up for each other [...] [Mickey's] a bit of a mummy's boy."

The following year, Mickey's family was completed by the introduction of his elder sister Dawn Swann (Kara Tointon), and his con-artist father Mike Swann (a guest character played by Mark Wingett), who both made their first appearance in a special week of off-set episodes, set in France in September 2005. In the storyline, Mickey went to France with some of his friends to visit his sister, and was surprised to see his estranged father, who had abandoned him as a child.

Development
As a "wheeler-dealer", Mickey bonded particularly well with another dodgy dealer on the Square, Mo Harris (Laila Morse). Swash has commented, "It's natural for Mickey and Mo to be close because they're so similar. They're into the same things and doing business." Their interaction was mostly used for comedic purposes. In 2004, the duo were featured in a special plot to highlight the BBC's fundraising event Sport Relief, which tackles poverty and disadvantage, both in the UK and internationally. On-screen, Mickey competed in the Fitness First Sport Relief Mile, to raise money via sponsoring. As part of the storyline, Mo encouraged Mickey to keep the sponsorship money for himself, though Mickey eventually did "the right thing", donating the money to charity. Commenting on the storyline, Swash said, "Mickey is always trying to make money through some scam or another. But this time he has realised that there are people in this country and around the world who are much worse off than he is and he is determined to do his bit to help raise money for Sport Relief and help improve the lives of others."

Relationships were featured in the character's narrative, initially with Kareena Ferreira (Pooja Shah), in 2004. Kareena had taken a hiatus from the serial and returned two months later with what was billed as a "sexy new vamp look" — part of the producers attempt to popularise the much-criticised Ferreira family. Despite most of the male characters showing an interest in the new-look Kareena, she opted for Mickey. Swash said, "[Mickey]'s always liked [Kareena]. His eyes nearly pop out of his head when she returns! I think they'd make a good couple because they're chalk and cheese." The relationship hit various setbacks. When Mickey discovered Kareena had taken cocaine, he contemplated finishing with her, leaving Kareena to be comforted by Mickey's business partner and Kareena's drug dealer, Juley Smith (Joseph Kpobie). Despite weathering these problems, it was a brief reprieve as the relationship ended the episode following their reconciliation in March 2005, when Kareena left the serial with her family. In reality, the entire Ferreira family had been axed by executive producer Kathleen Hutchison. Despite promising to stay for Mickey's sake, Kareena changed her mind at the last minute and left. Mickey's next relationship was with "bad girl" Li Chong (Elaine Tan) in 2007, a fellow wheeler-dealer. The characters' storylines mainly concentrated on money-making schemes, including Li's cannabis farm, and her attempt to "pimp" Mickey as a male escort; however, the relationship ended when Mickey started getting too serious, and Li left the serial in July 2007 when the character was written out.

In February 2008, it was announced that Mickey and his stepfather Keith were being axed from EastEnders. The characters were two of several axed by executive producer Diederick Santer that year. Others included Gus Smith, Steven Beale, and Honey Mitchell. Their axing led to further disbandment of the Miller/Swann family. Both Mickey and Keith survived the axe in 2006 when Rosie and Demi Miller were written out. Darren Miller and Dawn Swann, the only remaining family members, were kept on.

Swash had been forced to take a three-month break from the serial after he contracted meningoencephalitis — a rare form of viral meningitis, which makes the brain swell up. EastEnders' writers were reported to be "frantically reworking scripts" to explain Mickey's sudden disappearance.

After being involved in a high-profile storyline that saw the Millers' home burned down in a gas explosion in June 2008, Mickey departed the serial two weeks later, joining his mother and sister for a new start. He departed on 1 July 2008.

On 17 July 2011, it was reported that Swash would reprise the role of Mickey the following week as part of a storyline focusing on Mickey's brother, Darren (Hawkins). Mickey's reappearance for two episodes was scripted to coincide with Darren's exit storyline. Mickey will appear from 19 September 2011.

In 2016, Swash expressed an interest in reprising the role of Mickey. He reiterated the sentiment after hosting EastEnders: The Six in 2023.

Backstory
Mickey is the son of Mike Swann (Mark Wingett) and Rosie Miller (Gerry Cowper). Mike left the family when Mickey was just three years old. He grew up with his sister Dawn and later his half siblings Demi (Shana Swash) and Darren Miller (Charlie G. Hawkins). He has always considered his mother's long-term partner, Keith Miller, to be his father, and uses his surname.

2003–2008
Mickey is first seen in Walford in 2003, selling dodgy goods to Spencer Moon (Christopher Parker) and he is later involved in similar money-making scams with fellow wheeler-dealer Mo Harris (Laila Morse). To earn extra money, he works as a builder and sells trinkets on Bridge Street market, aided by his business partner, Juley Smith (Joseph Kpobie). Mickey begins a relationship with Kareena Ferreira (Pooja Shah) in 2004. Mickey falls for Kareena, but he is incensed in 2005 when he discovers that she has been using cocaine, supplied by Juley. When Kareena sees Stacey Slater (Lacey Turner) attempting to seduce Mickey, she turns to Juley for comfort, and a fight breaks out when Mickey catches Juley attempting to kiss her. Mickey and Kareena manage to work through their problems, but shortly after Kareena leaves Walford with the rest of her family, despite previously promising Mickey that she will stay with him.

When Mickey visits his sister Dawn in France in 2005, he was surprised to discover that she is living with their biological father, Mike. Mickey is unimpressed with his father's sudden return; he refuses to forgive Mike for his prior neglect, and they fight when Mike makes derogatory comments about Rosie. Mike tries to make excuses for his absence, but Mickey refuses to believe him. They eventually call an uneasy truce, but Mike alienates his son further when he tries to con his friend Minty Peterson (Cliff Parisi) out of his life savings. Mickey enters into a relationship with Li Chong (Elizabeth Tan) in 2007, and they eventually both move into Gus Smith's (Mohammed George) flat. Li often tests the relationship, infuriating Mickey by growing cannabis in their closet, and then involving him in a money-making scam by advertising him as a male escort without his consent. With persuasion, Mickey agrees to do the male escorting, but Li proves too jealous of his flirtations with other women, so their scam soon ends. Li abruptly ends the relationship when Mickey starts getting too serious for her.

Mickey becomes the victim of bullying from Sean Slater (Robert Kazinsky) in May 2008, who does such things as assaulting Mickey and vandalising his property. Mickey is too scared to take any action against Sean, and relies on his sister's boyfriend, Jase Dyer (Stephen Lord), for protection. On 18 June 2008 he is knocked out when Dr. May Wright (Amanda Drew) hits him over the head with a crowbar, whilst trying to steal Dawn's baby, Summer. When Micky awakes, he manages to stop May from absconding with Summer, but she subsequently causes a gas explosion, and the Millers' house goes up in flames. May is killed in the explosion. Mickey, Dawn and Summer are trapped in a first floor bedroom. When Mickey attempts to pass Summer out the window to the awaiting crowd below, he loses consciousness and drops her, though she is caught by Jase. Dawn pushes an unconscious Mickey out the window, saving his life. Mickey discovers a letter from Rosie, offering Keith a job as a concierge at her home in the Cotswolds. All of the Millers are angry at him for not acknowledging the letter, and Mickey decides to take the job instead as he says there is nothing left for him in Walford. Later, along with Keith and their dog Genghis, Mickey leaves Walford after an emotional farewell at The Queen Victoria pub.

2011
In September 2011, Mickey returns for Darren's wedding to Jodie Gold (Kylie Babbington). He attends the stag night and flirts with Jodie's friend Poppy Meadow (Rachel Bright) and accidentally reveals to her that Darren has had sex with bridesmaid Lauren Branning (Jacqueline Jossa). Mickey helps Darren prepare for the wedding the following day and arranges for a car to drive them to the register office. But Darren's guilt over having sex with Lauren causes him to call the wedding off. Mickey goes for drinks at the pub with Darren and his wedding guests. He tells Darren that he has grown into a young man and is proud of him, before leaving.

Reception
The character, originally intended for one week's worth of episodes, proved popular with viewers, and was turned into a regular because of this.

In 2005, critic for The Mirror Jim Shelley branded Mickey a moron and one of EastEnders' weakest characters. During a period of heavy media criticism aimed at EastEnders in 2004, Shelley stated that the serial's "Tiresome obsession with petty crime" was one of the reasons for its decline in quality, with Mickey listed as one of the soap's "myriad criminals."

title: Mickey Miller


text:
User:Dustball

Name: B Klug

https://bklug.com

Wikipedia user since 29 September 2005

title: User:Dustball


text:
User talk:Manket59~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! feydey 20:42, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Manket59. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Manket59~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:18, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 15:51, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Manket59~enwiki


text:
Nobody Left to Hate

Nobody Left to Hate: Teaching Compassion after Columbine is a book by social psychologist Elliot Aronson that explores the implications of the attacks at Columbine.

Editions

 * ISBN 0-7167-4132-6

title: Nobody Left to Hate


text:
RMAS

RMAS may refer to:

 * Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
 * Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service of the United Kingdom
 * Remote Memory Administration System an operations support system used in the Bell System
 * Rape Myth Acceptance Scale

title: RMAS


text:
Shades of Green (resort)

Shades of Green is a resort owned by the United States Department of Defense (DOD) on the Walt Disney World Resort property near Orlando, in the city of Bay Lake, Florida. The resort is on the grounds of Walt Disney World, but it is annexed as a military resort. It is one of five Armed Forces Recreation Centers (AFRC) resorts, and a part of the military's Morale, Welfare, and Recreation (MWR) program. The resort, which was expanded between 2004 and 2006, is self-supporting; it operates from non-appropriated funds, and all profits are put back into it.

Resort details
Shades of Green is located near Magic Kingdom, southwest of the Polynesian Village Resort, however, it is not included on the monorail system. Instead, transportation around Walt Disney World is provided exclusively by a separate fleet of buses, which shuttle guests to and from the Transportation and Ticket Center, Disney's Animal Kingdom, Disney's Hollywood Studios, Disney Springs and the water parks.

The resort's motto, Serving Those Who Serve, reflects its design as a retreat for military personnel of all ranks, their families, and their guests. As guests approach Shades of Green, there are five service flags atop a rock formation with five waterfalls, each a tribute to five of the six branches of military service. Rising above the setting is a larger American flag and a smaller POW/MIA flag.

Shades of Green does not have a pervasive theme like other Disney resorts, with the general decor being that of a modern country club. The resort is in a wooded setting complete with waterfalls and tropical gardens, including a two-story rock formation encircled by the resort's main staircase. It has 586 guest rooms, most of which are standard guest rooms with over 480 sqft of floor space, along with 11 suites that can accommodate up to eight people. There are two lighted tennis courts, two heated swimming pools, a children's pool, a hot tub, a fitness center, an arcade, and laundry facilities.

The resort offers 7,500 sqft of banquet space equipped with audiovisual facilities for events. As a U.S. Military-operated facility, merchandise is sales tax-exempt, and rooms are exempt from hotel tax. The lease mandates compliance with Disney standards.

History
Shades of Green originally opened as a Disney-owned resort known as the Golf Resort in December 1973, with 151 rooms, between the Palm and Magnolia golf courses. It was built of wood and volcanic rock in the style of a country club. Its core building opened in 1971 as a two-story clubhouse for the golf courses and did not have guest rooms. Guest wings were added to the original clubhouse in 1973 to provide overnight accommodations. The Golf Resort had one restaurant, the Magnolia Room (later the Trophy Room), which had a signature dessert called "french fried ice cream." Live entertainment at the Magnolia Room was usually provided by Amos and Charles, a duo of singer-guitarists whose shows were a combination of soft rock, bluegrass, country, and folk music.

The hotel's full-service pro shop offered an instructional program, the Golf Studio, conducted by professionals for players of all ages and playing levels. The Players' Gallery was a large cocktail lounge that overlooked the Magnolia Golf Course. The resort's recreation included two lighted tennis courts and a pool, now the Magnolia Pool, which had three water-spouting columns in its shallow section. There were also two putting greens.

The resort had an occupancy rate of 60–75% for most of the year. To expand its target demographic beyond golfers, it was expanded and renamed The Disney Inn in February 1986. It received an additional 150 rooms, and a new Snow White theme; however, it was still small by Disney standards. The resort described itself as having "the rustic charm of a quiet country inn", with rooms decorated in a bright, airy style. The restaurant was renamed the Garden Gallery and served American cuisine. The lounge was renamed to the Back Porch, and two dining options were also added: The Diamond Mine, a snack bar, and The Sand Trap, a poolside bar. Recreation included the Diamond Mine Arcade, the two pools, jogging, the two tennis courts, and golf on either of the two adjacent championship courses. Rates from the early 1990s for the Disney Inn ranged from $195.00 a night for two queen beds and a sleeper sofa to $500.00 for suites.

In the early 1990s, the Army chose Orlando as the prime location for a continental U.S. resort. On February 1, 1994, the US Department of Defense secured a 100-year lease for the resort, limiting its use to eligible guests under the MWR program. In 1996, the DoD acquired the resort for $43 million due to its success, while Disney retained ownership of the land.

The resort was renamed Shades of Green, which refers to the colors of the US military's war-fighting uniforms. The resort temporarily closed on April 1, 2002, for the demolition of the original building and the construction of a brand-new building, designed by KBJ Architects. During the construction, guests were able to stay at Disney's Contemporary Resort at Shades of Green daily rates. The resort reopened nearly two years later, on March 31, 2004, with 586 guest rooms.

The new resort has more guest room options, meeting space, fine dining, and guest amenities. The renovation remodeled the guest rooms in the Magnolia Wing, doubled the number of guest rooms, added ten family suites, additional dining options, 7500 sqft of meeting facilities, a fitness center, and a multi-level, 500-space parking garage.

Walt Disney World privileges
Shades of Green guests have full transportation to most Walt Disney World theme parks with Shades of Green wrapped buses provided by Escot Bus Lines. The resort offers direct bus transportation to Disney's Animal Kingdom and Hollywood Studios theme parks, but not to the Magic Kingdom or Epcot. Guests traveling to the latter two theme parks may take a bus to the Transportation and Ticket Center and transfer to the monorail there. There is also bus transportation offered to Disney Springs and to either of the Walt Disney World water parks (Disney's Blizzard Beach and Disney's Typhoon Lagoon).

Shades of Green is considered a Disney-owned resort for purposes of Extra Magic Hours at the theme parks. However, due to its ownership by the Department of Defense, it does not have certain amenities that are exclusive to other Disney-owned resorts. Room charging off the Shades of Green property is not available, and resort guests are not eligible for the Disney Dining Plan. Shades of Green guests are required to pay for daily parking at Disney World's theme parks if they drive their car. Shades of Green also did not participate in the now discontinued Magical Express program.

Eligible guests may purchase discounted admission tickets for the Walt Disney World Resort parks and other Orlando-area parks and activities at the Shades of Green Attraction and Ticket Sales Office, which is located on the lobby level. A Military Identification Card or a Department of Defense Identification Card must be presented at the time of purchase. Most of these tickets may be used by any person; the only restriction is that the purchaser be one of the eligible persons listed below. It is not required that otherwise eligible parkgoers be staying at the resort in order to benefit from the ticket discounts.

As of December 2017, Shades of Green guests are now able to link their reservations to the My Disney Experience page on the Disney website.

Eligible guests
Because Shades of Green is an AFRC resort, it is not open to the general public. Reservations may be made only by:

 * Current Active-component members of the United States Armed Forces
 * Current Reserve and National Guard members
 * Retired from active component, Reserves, and National Guard with or without pay (gray area)
 * Honorably discharged veterans with 100% Disabled Veterans (DAV) service-connected disability certified by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)
 * Recipients of the Medal of Honor
 * Current and retired civilian employees of the Department of Defense (DoD) and Coast Guard (CG)
 * Recipients of the Purple Heart
 * Former prisoners of war
 * Veterans with VA-documented service-connected disability ratings
 * Primary family caregivers of veterans, as designated under the VA Program of Comprehensive Assistance for Family Caregivers

People who do not meet these eligibility requirements may stay at Shades of Green while on vacation with an eligible sponsor.

"Salute To Our Veterans" is a program that started in 2010, which allows all military veterans who have received an honorable discharge (verified by current DD Form 214) the opportunity to vacation at Shades of Green during January and September.

The Shades of Green Survivors’ Family Program is a program for eligible family members who have suffered a loss of a sponsor in the event of an Active-Duty death regardless of the cause (combat, accident, suicide or illness) and also may be uniformed personnel.

In line with the Disabled Veterans Equal Access Act 2018, in January 2020, Department of Defense/Army regulations were changed to include Purple Heart recipients, former POWs, and disabled veterans and/or their caregivers. Caregivers must be identified as such by their local VA Office of Community Care, while veterans may use their Veteran Health Identification Card (VHIC) or HEC form H623A to prove their status.

Room rates are adjusted on a sliding scale, with prices increasing with rank and pay grade.

Golf
Shades of Green is enveloped by two PGA Championship golf courses, Disney's Palm and Magnolia. Additionally, the resort features the nine-hole Oak Trail, a par-36 layout with holes ranging from 132 to 517 yards. Driving ranges and putting greens are also provided.

title: Shades of Green (resort)


text:
Talk:Montecito (processor)

Damn, is it NDAs which are preventing experts to participate in this article?

 * Mostly, but is an encyclopedia really the right place to be talking about unreleased products? It's better to be accurate than up-to-date: leave up-do-date but inaccurate to the news sites. I'm sure this page will grow significantly after Montecito starts selling.

Rename article?
Anyone else think that this article should be renamed to Montecito (Intel) or something? Then Montecito could be a redirect to the city, with a disambig link back to the intel article. Montvale is already a redirect to its city page, and there is no page on the Intel codename yet. The Tukwila page should also maybe be renamed to Tukwila (Intel) and let Tukwila redirect to the city page, with a disambig lnk back to the intel article. -- Bovineone 04:54, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree with that, but I suggest that *codename*_(processor) format would be better [ Montecito_(processor) ], or something like this. (unsigned comment by 19:42, 31 October 2005 Naffeju)
 * Yes, I suppose that might be a little more consistent with wikipedia naming policies. Conroe is another such codename article. -- Bovineone 04:40, 1 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I've added the "(processor)" suffix to Montecito, Montvale, Tukwila, and Poulson, with appropriate disambiguation pages. Bovineone 20:54, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

Broken link, not using <ref> ... </ref>
I put a hidden comment in the article marking the location of a broken link, namely:
 * http://www.intel.com/products/processor/itanium2/index.htm

After a few seconds, this link redirects to:
 * http://www.intel.com/products/processor/itanium/index.htm

The information there is relevant to the Itanium family of processors, but it does not say anything about the power reduction that the sentence is talking about (at least that I could see). I thought about removing the link and adding a, but that would have been a step backward. Maybe someone else can find a better link. Also, I think the article would look better if it used the usual footnote style of ref tags with a cite web template. This is a style consideration; I have read that it is considered bad behavior to reformat all the citations in an article without discussion. Would anyone mind if I did that? CosineKitty (talk) 14:34, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Montecito (processor)


text: User talk:86.130.208.125

title: User talk:86.130.208.125


text:
Template:Solar system small

Sun Mercury Venus Earth Mars Asteroids Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

title: Template:Solar system small


text: User talk:70.50.140.8

title: User talk:70.50.140.8


text:
2003–04 UEFA Cup

The 2003–04 UEFA Cup was won by Valencia in the final against Marseille. It wrapped up a league and UEFA Cup double for Valencia.

Porto could not defend their title as they automatically qualified for the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League and also went on to win the final for their second European Cup title.

Association ranking
For the 2003–04 UEFA Cup, the associations were allocated places according to their 2002 UEFA country coefficients, which took into account their performance in European competitions from 1997–98 to 2001–02.

Teams
The labels in the parentheses show how each team qualified for the place of its starting round:
 * TH: Title holders
 * CW: Cup winners
 * CR: Cup runners-up
 * LC: League Cup winners
 * Nth: League position
 * PO: End-of-season European competition play-offs (winners or position)
 * IC: Intertoto Cup
 * FP: Fair play
 * CL: Relegated from the Champions League
 * GS: Third-placed teams from the group stage
 * Q3: Losers from the third qualifying round

 * Notes

Qualifying round

 * }

Second leg
Viktoria Žižkov won 6–1 on aggregate.

Groclin won 6–1 on aggregate.

Matador Púchov won 6–1 on aggregate.

Nordsjælland won 6–0 on aggregate.

Hapoel Tel Aviv won 3–2 on aggregate.

Sartid won 4–1 on aggregate.

Publikum won 12–2 on aggregate.

Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk won 2–0 on aggregate.

Artmedia Petržalka won 2–0 on aggregate.

Dinamo București won 6–3 on aggregate.

Red Star Belgrade won 8–2 on aggregate.

Lens won 5–0 on aggregate.

Odense won 4–1 on aggregate.

Varteks won 6–3 on aggregate.

''3–3 on aggregate. Ventspils won on away goals.''

Levski Sofia won 6–1 on aggregate.

Maccabi Haifa won 6–0 on aggregate.

Željezničar won 4–1 on aggregate.

Debrecen won 3–2 on aggregate.

Lyn won 9–1 on aggregate.

Zimbru Chişinău won 2–0 on aggregate.

Esbjerg won 9–1 on aggregate.

Kärnten won 3–2 on aggregate.

Malmö won 6–0 on aggregate.

''1–1 on aggregate. Steaua București won on away goals.''

MyPa won 5–4 on aggregate.

Brøndby won 5–0 on aggregate.

Ferencváros won 6–0 on aggregate

AIK won 1–0 on aggregate.

Kamen Ingrad won 9–1 on aggregate

Molde won 6–0 on aggregate

''2–2 on aggregate. Hajduk Split won on away goals.''

Neuchâtel Xamax won 4–0 on aggregate.

APOEL won 5–1 on aggregate.

Torpedo Moscow won 9–0 on aggregate.

Dundee won 6–0 on aggregate.

Lokeren won 7–1 on aggregate.

Olimpija Ljubljana won 4–2 on aggregate

Manchester City won 7–0 on aggregate.

''1–1 on aggregate. Cementarnica 55 won on away goals.''

União de Leiria won 6–2 on aggregate.

First round

 * }

Second leg
''2–2 on aggregate. Torpedo Moscow won 3–2 on penalty shootout.''

Gaziantepspor won 1–0 on aggregate.

Groclin won 1–0 on aggregate.

''1–1 on aggregate. Hajduk Split won on away goals.''

Levski Sofia won 5–0 on aggregate.

Debrecen won 6–3 on aggregate.

Spartak Moscow won 3–1 on aggregate.

''1–1 on aggregate. Vålerenga won on away goals.''

Panionios won 3–1 on aggregate.

Slavia Prague won 4–2 on aggregate.

Roma won 5–1 on aggregate.

Utrecht won 6–0 on aggregate.

Rosenborg won 10–1 on aggregate.

Bordeaux won 3–2 on aggregate.

Steaua București won 2–1 on aggregate.

PAOK won 3–1 on aggregate.

Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk won 4–2 on aggregate.

Molde won 3–2 on aggregate.

Maccabi Haifa won 4–3 on aggregate.

Dinamo București won 5–2 on aggregate.

Villarreal won 3–2 on aggregate.

Sochaux won 3–0 on aggregate.

Basel won 3–2 on aggregate.

''2–2 on aggregate. Copenhagen won 3–2 on penalty shootout.''

Sporting CP won 3–0 on aggregate.

Dinamo Zagreb won 3–1 on aggregate.

Newcastle United won 6–0 on aggregate.

Hearts won 2–0 on aggregate.

Auxerre won 2–0 on aggregate.

Red Star Belgrade won 6–5 on aggregate.

Aris won 3–2 on aggregate.

Borussia Dortmund won 3–1 on aggregate.

Manchester City won 4–2 on aggregate.

Wisła Kraków won 4–2 on aggregate.

Perugia won 3–1 on aggregate.

Parma won 4–1 on aggregate.

''2–2 on aggregate. Austria Salzburg won on away goals.''

Liverpool won 4–1 on aggregate.

Mallorca won 6–3 on aggregate.

Gençlerbirligi won 4–2 on aggregate.

Barcelona won 9–1 on aggregate.

Valencia won 2–0 on aggregate.

Benfica won 2–1 on aggregate.

Brøndby won 2–0 on aggregate.

Teplice won 3–1 on aggregate.

Feyenoord won 3–1 on aggregate.

Schalke 04 won 1–0 on aggregate.

Second round

 * }

Second leg
''2–2 on aggregate. Levski Sofia won on away goals.''

''1–1 on aggregate. Groclin won on away goals.''

Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk won 3–1 on aggregate.

''1–1 on aggregate. Debrecen won on away goals.''

Villarreal won 2–1 on aggregate.

Teplice won 3–1 on aggregate.

Parma won 9–0 on aggregate.

''3–3 on aggregate. Brøndby won 3–1 on penalty shootout.''

Gaziantepspor won 6–1 on aggregate.

Rosenborg won 1–0 on aggregate.

Spartak Moscow won 5–3 on aggregate.

Perugia won 3–1 on aggregate.

Benfica won 5–1 on aggregate.

''0–0 on aggregate. Vålerenga won 4–3 on penalty shootout.''

Sochaux won 6–2 on aggregate.

Auxerre won 4–0 on aggregate.

Newcastle United won 4–2 on aggregate.

Roma won 2–1 on aggregate.

Bordeaux won 2–1 on aggregate.

Liverpool won 2–1 on aggregate.

Mallorca won 3–2 on aggregate.

Barcelona won 5–0 on aggregate.

Gençlerbirliği won 4–1 on aggregate.

Valencia won 4–0 on aggregate.

Third round

 * }

Second leg
Gençlerbirliği won 4–0 on aggregate.

Marseille won 1–0 on aggregate.

Roma won 2–1 on aggregate.

Celtic won 3–1 on aggregate.

Bordeaux won 6–2 on aggregate.

Club Brugge won 1–0 on aggregate.

Valencia won 5–2 on aggregate.

Liverpool won 6–2 on aggregate.

PSV Eindhoven won 3–1 on aggregate.

Auxerre won 1–0 on aggregate.

''2–2 on aggregate. Benfica won on away goals.''

''2–2 on aggregate. Internazionale won on away goals.''

Newcastle United won 4–2 on aggregate.

Mallorca won 3–1 on aggregate.

Barcelona won 3–1 on aggregate.

Villarreal won 5–2 on aggregate.

Fourth round

 * }

Second leg
Bordeaux won 4–1 on aggregate.

PSV Eindhoven won 4–1 on aggregate.

Villarreal won 3–2 on aggregate.

Celtic won 1–0 on aggregate.

Newcastle United won 7–1 on aggregate.

Internazionale won 4–3 on aggregate.

Marseille won 3–2 on aggregate.

Valencia won 2–1 on aggregate.

Quarter-finals
The first legs were played on 8 April, and the second legs were played on 14 April 2004.

 * }

Second leg
Villarreal won 3–1 on aggregate.

Marseille won 2–0 on aggregate.

Newcastle United won 3–2 on aggregate.

Valencia won 4–2 on aggregate.

Semi-finals
The first legs were played on 22 April, and the second legs were played on 6 May 2004.

 * }

Second leg
Marseille won 2–0 on aggregate.

Valencia won 1–0 on aggregate.

title: 2003–04 UEFA Cup


text:
The Mysteries of Paris

The Mysteries of Paris (Les Mystères de Paris) is a novel by the French writer Eugène Sue. It was published serially in 90 parts in Journal des débats from 19 June 1842 until 15 October 1843, making it one of the first serial novels published in France. It was an instant success and singlehandedly increased the circulation of Journal des débats. It founded the "city mysteries" genre, spawning many imitations.

Major characters and roles
The hero of the novel is the mysterious and distinguished Rodolphe, who is really the Grand Duke of Gerolstein (a fictional grand duchy of Germany) but is disguised as a Parisian worker. Rodolphe can speak in argot, is extremely strong and a good fighter. Yet he also shows great compassion for the lower classes, good judgment, and a brilliant mind. He can navigate all layers of society in order to understand their problems, and to understand how the different social classes are linked. Rodolphe is accompanied by his friends Sir Walter Murph, an Englishman, and David, a gifted black doctor, formerly a slave.

The first figures they meet are Le Chourineur and La Goualeuse. Rodolphe saves La Goualeuse from Le Chourineur's brutality, and saves Le Chourineur from himself, knowing that the man still has some good in him. La Goualeuse is a prostitute, and Le Chourineur is a former butcher who has served 15 years in prison for murder. Both characters are grateful for Rodolphe's assistance, as are many other characters in the novel.

Though Rodolphe is described as a flawless man, Sue otherwise depicts the Parisian nobility as deaf to the misfortunes of the common people and focused on meaningless intrigues. For this reason, some, such as Alexandre Dumas, have considered the novel's ending a failure. Rodolphe goes back to Gerolstein to take on the role to which he was destined by birth, rather than staying in Paris to help the lower classes.

Themes and style
Sue was the first author to bring together so many characters from different levels of society within one novel, and thus his book was popular with readers from all classes. Its realistic descriptions of the poor and disadvantaged became a critique of social institutions, echoing the socialist position leading up to the Revolutions of 1848. "Sue made a fortune even as he made a political statement, seeking to convince his readers that the suffering classes are victims rather than criminals." Sue showed how vice was not the only cause of suffering, but also caused by inhumane social conditions.

The novel is a melodramatic depiction of a world where good and evil are clearly distinct. Rodolphe, the Prince, embodies good. Ferand, a lawyer and representative of a new commercial order, embodies evil.

The novel was partly inspired by the Memoirs (1828) of Eugène François Vidocq, a French criminal and criminalist whose life story inspired several other writers, including Victor Hugo and Honoré de Balzac. Its greatest inspiration, however, was the works of James Fenimore Cooper: Sue took the plot structure of the Natty Bumppo novels and moved them to the city where buildings replaced trees and underworld gangs replaced Indians.

Criticism
The most extended criticism of the novel was by Karl Marx, who discussed it in The Holy Family (1845). Marx used the novel to attack the Young Hegelians who he thought advocated a too simplistic view of reality. Marx found Sue unintentionally making a mockery of mystery, turning character into caricature. Marx's basic point was that although the social conditions of Paris under Louis Philippe had indeed improved, the underlying belief systems were still medieval. Whatever sympathy Sue created for the poor, he failed to come to terms with the true nature of the city, which had changed little.

Edgar Allan Poe wrote an essay about the novel. He considers the incidents that follow the premise to be credible but that the premise itself is laughably impossible.

Legacy
Numerous novels inspired by The Mysteries of Paris were published all over the Western world, creating the City mysteries genre that explored the "mysteries and miseries" of cities. Works in the genre include Les Mystères de Marseille by Émile Zola, The Mysteries of London by George W. M. Reynolds, Les Mystères de Londres by Paul Féval, Les Mystères de Lyon (featuring the Nyctalope) by Jean de La Hire, I misteri di Napoli by Francesco Mastriani, the Mystères de Munich, Les Nouveaux Mystères de Paris (featuring Nestor Burma) by Léo Malet, Die Mysterien von Berlin by August Brass, Die Geheimnisse von Hamburg by Johann Wilhelm Christern, De Verborgenheden van Amsterdam by L. van Eikenhorst and many others.

In America, cheap pamphlet and serial fiction exposed the "mysteries and miseries" of New York, Baltimore, Boston, San Francisco and even small towns such as Lowell and Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Ned Buntline wrote The Mysteries and Miseries of New York in 1848, but the leading American writer in the genre was George Lippard whose best seller was The Quaker City, or The Monks of Monk Hall: a Romance of Philadelphia Life, Mystery and Crime (1844); he went on to found the paper The Quaker City as a vehicle for more of his mysteries and miseries. In 1988, Michael Chabon paid tribute to the genre with The Mysteries of Pittsburgh.

Dumas, at the urging of his publishers, was inspired to write The Count of Monte Cristo in part by the runaway success of The Mysteries of Paris. He had been working on a series of newspaper articles about historical tourism in Paris and was convinced to turn them into a sensationalist melodramatic novel.

Adaptations
The original novel was very long, in some editions over 1000 pages. It has been adapted for the stage, and was made into a feature film several times.
 * Les mystères de Paris (1911), a silent film directed by Albert Capellani
 * The Mysteries of Paris (1922), a silent film serial directed by Charles Burguet
 * The Mysteries of Paris (1935), a French film starring Madeleine Ozeray as Fleur-de-Marie
 * The Mysteries of Paris (1943), a French adaptation directed by Jacques de Baroncelli
 * The Mysteries of Paris (1957), a French-Italian co-production
 * Les Mystères de Paris (1962), a French film by André Hunebelle starring Jean Marais.
 * Les mystères de Paris (1980), a six episode television miniseries

English translations
The first two translations were published in the United States in 1843, one by Charles H. Town (for Harper & Brothers) and another by Henry C. Deming (for J. Winchester's New World). The Town translation was republished in England under different names, such as "Charles Rochford" (for Charles Daly, 1844) and "J. D. Smith" (for D.N. Carvalho, 1844).

In 1844, an uncredited translation was published for W. Dugdale.

In 1845, two uncredited translations were published, one for Edmund Appleyard and another for Chapman & Hall.

In 1846 followed another translation, by Henry Downes Miles, which was published in England for William M. Clark.

In 1869, there was another translation by Henry Llewellyn Williams (for F. M. Lupton).

In 1873, another uncredited translation was published by George Routledge.

Most recently, the novel was translated in 2015 by Carolyn Betensky and Jonathan Loesberg for Penguin Classics. Claiming to be the first English translation in over a century, it is over 1,300 pages long.

title: The Mysteries of Paris


text: User talk:69.158.187.213

title: User talk:69.158.187.213


text:
Cottonwood Publishing

Cottonwood Publishing is now a small press publisher residing in Wolfforth, Texas, established 2019. It is owned and operated by author and secondary teacher Jefferson Marshall and his wife Jordan to publish mainly children's fiction.

Writings by Jefferson Marshall

 * The Creatures of Caprock Canyons (2020)
 * The Voyager Notebook (2020)
 * The Palo Duro Lighthouse Race (2020)
 * The Timeless Garner (2022)

Cottonwood Publishing was once a small press publisher created in Helena, Montana by American comic artist, painter and novelist Stan Lynde and his wife Lynda to publish Western genre books and art, primarily work written and drawn by Stan Lynde. A partial list of their titles follows.

With the death of Stan Lynde in 2013, the company ceased operations.

Writings by Stan Lynde

 * The Bodacious Kid (1996)
 * Careless Creek (1998)
 * Vigilante Moon (2003)
 * Marshal of Medicine Lodge (2005)

Strip reprints

 * Rick O'Shay daily strips, from the beginning through 1964 (in four volumes of 11 planned)
 * Rick, Hipshot, and Me Rick O'Shay retrospective
 * Grass Roots panels reprinted in two volumes
 * Latigo daily strips complete in three volumes

ReferencesExternal links

 * Cottonwood Publishing

title: Cottonwood Publishing