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Talk:Windows code page

Way too big?
This page should link to the individual code pages instead of listing all of the tables at once (for one thing it is missing most of the mappings anyway, like for 932). --unsigned

 * ✅. Someone else apparently have already cleaned up the article.--Makkachin (talk) 00:50, 21 July 2013 (UTC)

ANSI or not?
Once and for all, is it correct to say "ANSI" to the Windows code pages? Currently, some pages on wikipedia say it's wrong (as ANSI never defined these code pages, but Microsoft just says "ANSI" to it anyway), while this article makes the impression that it is ok. --Abdull 23:53, 17 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Well microsofts technical documents use that term all over the place and i don't belive anyone uses the term ansi code page for anything else. I can't imagine ANSI are particularlly happy about having thier name put to something that isn't thiers though. I guess it all depends on how you define right and wrong ;) Plugwash 10:44, 18 March 2006 (UTC)
 * ANSI explicitly disavows any understanding of the standards they publish, and explicitly repudiates any suggestion that they have an opinion about the meaning of their standards. So if you want to say, for example, that the first 127 code points all represent the same character .... ANSI doesn't have an opinion on that. Wikipedia on the other hand....  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.188.134.186 (talk) 06:05, 25 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Microsoft is now leaning away from "ansi" and uses "active" instead to describe the current code page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.107.0.73 (talk • contribs)

Redundant comment
"Recent Microsoft products and APIs use Unicode internally, but many applications and APIs (including Java) continue to…"
 * does the Java comment seem relevant? I mean, there are a million and one applications that use the older methods, shouldn't we name them here too ?

Removal of chart
I have removed the charts of the code pages from this article, and put all the information that was left in a miscellaneous section. I am using the latest version of the screen reader JAWS on a fairly fast computer and JAWS froze for thirty seconds when I entered this page. I almost couldn't edit the section with the chart to remove it. I can understand that happening at somewhere like articles for deletion/yesterday or requests for adminship when it is busy, but JAWS should never freeze for more than a few seconds when I enter an article. Not even the article United States is that taxing on JAWS resources. The charts for code pages are available elsewhere on the Internet in an uneditable form. Graham 87 08:29, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

Available only to managed applications?
1201 — Unicode (BMP of ISO 10646, UTF-16BE) has the following description: "Available only to managed applications" Does it make any sense to include this explanation? The 1200 - utf-16 encoding is also available only to managed applications according to the linked MS page, but here its missing. Hubalu (talk) 10:24, 30 January 2014 (UTC)

Parked stuff found on category page Category:Windows code pages
Still missing: windows-874 (redirects to ISO/IEC 8859-11), code page 50220, code page 50221, code page 50222, which are variations on ISO-2022-JP.

External links
 * Full list of Windows code pages
 * Windows Code Page reference chart
 * IANA Charset Name Registrations
 * Unicode mapping table for Windows code pages
 * Unicode mappings of windows code pages with "best fit"

windows-874:
 * Windows 874 reference chart
 * Unicode mapping table for Windows 874
 * Unicode mappings of windows 874 with "best fit"

End of stuff moved from category page.

More than two groups of code pages
There are actually 4 groups of code pages: ANSI, OEM, Mac and EBCDIC under Windows. All of them can vary dependent on the locale of the Windows version. See LOCALE_IDEFAULTMACCODEPAGE and LOCALE_IDEFAULTEBCDICCODEPAGE in this link: https://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/library/windows/desktop/dd373761(v=vs.85).aspx

KOI8
Where is the source for “20866” designation by Microsoft? Incnis Mrsi (talk) 10:28, 3 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Windows code page


text:
User:MerlintheMad

I am a frustrated author (in book sales only, not what I turn out, which I am okay with most of the time); my genre of "expertise" is the Norman Conquest and the Crusades. If I do any editing or contributing to Wikipedia, it will likely be in those areas.

To-do list: Gervais Bishop of Le Mans; Baldwin I of Boulogne;

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:MerlintheMad


text:
Talk:California State Route 28

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on California State Route 28. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121014034331/http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=shc&group=00001-01000&file=250-257 to http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=shc&group=00001-01000&file=250-257
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101103112619/http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=shc&group=00001-01000&file=260-284 to http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=shc&group=00001-01000&file=260-284

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:08, 29 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:California State Route 28


text:
Talk:Powerlifting/Archive 1

Who deleted all the IPF records and inserted unrecognized WPO records?? Please change this back! Wiki is a legit source, or at least wants to be, then why are there some underground federation's record with ridiculous assistance gear? 99.231.46.37 (talk) 06:36, 15 June 2008 (UTC)Pavel Golikov.

Small change made to the paragraph contrasting olympic weightlifting with powerlifting. The previous version was a bit POV. Blowfish 19:09, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I also inserted headings designating one section for a description of the pun, another for discussion of governing bodies. Blowfish 04:30, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Speed
From article: "While both disciplines demand enormous strength and speed" How exactly does powerlifting require speed? If you can do a bench press as fast as you can do a snatch, I don't think you're benching enough weight. I think powerlifting is about strength not speed. Shawnc 17:18, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * agreed, speed is a little confusing. training for limit strength normally involves targetting both components of force production, both training with large masses and training lesser masses with great accelearation (f = m.a). obviously then by definition a 1 rep test of limit strength will have relatively little acceleration. i have reworded accordingly. StrengthCoach 21:26, 18 December 2005 (UTC) 21:26, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

Powerlifting requires plenty of speed. Check out articles by Louie Simmons and westside barbell for particulars. Also it is quite eronious to say that Paul Anderson has the raw squat record. He never competed in power lifting and in fact his 1200 lift was pure speculation on his part as it was never witnessed. He was able to perform what would now be considered a half-squat with about 1150 in front of reputable witnesses. I would consider the real heaviest raw squat to be 940 by Bill Kazmaier who also holds the highest raw total at 2401.

 * The faster you lift, the more powerfull the movement is, the more power exerted, but of course your maximum weight is lifted slowly, not quickly, so speed part is irrelevant. You are not trying to write a biomechanics article, why mentioning such details?99.231.46.37 (talk) 06:39, 15 June 2008 (UTC)Pavel Golikov.

bench shirts
Bench shirts do reduce pectoral tears as they shift stress away from the pectoral (particularly at the point of greatest risk - when the bar is near the chest and the chest muscles are at full stretch) and make the lift tricep/anterior deltoid/latisimus dorsi dominant.

Have you ever used one? I am NOT a good bencher, I am concentrating on my squat and deadlift, but hey, with bench shirt I can do 300 pounds, which I can not YET do without it, and it is pretty far from 300 pounds. The help A LOT. And that is 1 layer shirt, there are 3 layer shirts, I wonder how much tehy give on top of the lift (a lot).

Removed unverified statement
"At first the third event in the powerlifting was the bicep curl which later was replaced with the deadlift." i really doubt this is the case and cant find evidence to support this. StrengthCoach 21:40, 18 December 2005 (UTC) 21:40, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

The only study done on bench press shirts by Dr Herrick in the 1980's showed scientifically that the Bench Press shirt reduced injuries of all types including pec tears. Rickey Dale Crain

There were FOUR lifts in the early powerlifting events, but the bicep curl was eventually eliminated. There is a really detailed history of powerlifting, with lots of old pix, at http://www.americanpowerliftevolution.net Missm2u 14:49, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

Extra blank lines
To the anon who keeps inserting the extra blank lines - please see the "Structure of the article" section in Guide_to_layout; the extra blank lines are not in accordance with the layout guidelines. Keep in mind that whether or not the extra blank lines create "aesthetic page flow" is going to be browser dependent. Dsreyn 19:50, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

Before the three powerlifts became official in 1963 there was no official 3 lifts. In many parts of the country it was the squat, bench press and deadlift. In others it was the bench press, squat and continental clean and jerk. In other places it was the bench press, squat and curl. There were many combinations. Rickey Dale Crain

Doug Hepburn - origin of powerlifting?
There seems to be a bit of tradition around here (Vancouver BC) that Doug Hepburn was the "founder" of powerlifting. Is there any substance to this? I was just looking at his article and only the word "weightlifting" appears there, so I came here to see what this article might have to say about it. When was the first competitive powerlifting meet? Who evolved the combination-total for bench, squat, deadlift? Any comments about Hepburn and the evolution of non-Olympic competitive lifting?Skookum1 18:48, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

please see link to history website under "Removed Unverified Statement" above. i don't think there was a single founder, but there have been some extraordinary powerlifters from BC, like Robert O. Smith, first 60-year-old to bench over 500 lbs.

Scot Mendelson
I think the picture of Scot Mendelson is a bit large.--Trusader 01:38, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I made the picture of Scot Mendelson smaller so that it would fit on the page better. TheVault 23:39, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Now it seems to be gone completely...--Trusader 03:34, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

Power Lifting v Weightlifting
I've always thought that these sports have their names the wrong way wrong. Weightlifting is actually about generating large amounts of power over short period of time, while Powerlifting is about lifting the maximum amount of weight as you. 194.200.145.5 08:29, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Powerlifting gear
How/why does it help? Mathmo Talk 05:26, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Powerlifing gear is made of really strong material and supports and supplements the lifter's own body. Basically, it's constructed to force the body into the END the position of each kind of lift. Squat and deadlift suits want the body to be upright, while the arms of a bench shirt are made so they stick straight out from the chest. A single-ply bench shirt will provide protection and usually allows the bencher to lift a little more than he/she could without a shirt. But then there are shirts made of 5-6 layers of stuff like heavy denim or even metal-reinforced canvas, and squat suits that can stand in the corner by themselves. Missm2u 14:37, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

Power Lifting should be Natural
I Personally love Powerlifting but I also think that people are forgeting the HUMAN part about this sport.Olympic Lifting is more respected because even though the lifters may use Special techniques to make the lift a tiny bit easier the lifts are done completely by the lifters and with no help from Gear.I think that Powerlifting has a chance for injury like any other sport but since this sport is about HUMAN STRENGTH and the use of gear should be taken out; not even a Belt.I think the Basic Rules should be a Squat That breaks Parellal by Several Inches, a Full Range of Motional should dictate the Lift.So a Power Style Squat should still have the top of the Thigh go about 3 inches below the Knees.Dead Lifts are perfect as is.Now the Bench press should have no SUPER ARC the way it has now just the normal Amount that happens during a MAX lift not a lift where the ARC is more then 2 inches high.The Pause should be enough that there is no bounce or momentum in the Press.There for a pause about 1 second should be enough anything more then that will simply be endurance and not Limit strength.With the height of the Arc Regulated things like pressing lower or higher won't matter that much because the Super ARC won't be there to Aid the Lifter.With these simple changes and Rules Powerlifting could become an Olympic Sport.Also All Lifters should be Drug Free!!!!!

Article needs citations
Lots of text, no footnotes. Most of the information about the individual lifts could probably be split off into their respective articles, leaving this article to describe powerlifting in a more holistic manner - the nature and history of the sport, the federations and their differences, etc. TheRuss 23:48, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

The descriptions of the lifts are useful because a powerlifting bench, squat, or deadlift is different than the average gym version i.e. must wait for push command on bench, feet cannot move etc... I see no reason to take them out.

 * Well, the powerlifting-specific aspects can be included in this article. But stuff like "The athlete lies on a bench. A loaded barbell rests on stands built into the bench above the eye level of the lifter when lying supine on the bench. The athlete removes the bar from the supports with the aid of one or more spotters, lowers it to the chest, pauses, and then presses it up to the full extension of the arms, then carefully returns the weight to the rack." is a combination of stuff that's obvious to anyone familiar with the exercise in general (and if they're not familiar with bench press, they can go to the bench press article to learn about the exercise) and stuff that's not necessarily true - for example, that the stands are built into the bench (some federations may mandate this, but I use a power rack and a normal bench) and that the stands should position the barbell above the eye. In any case, the claims about the rules need to be verifiable, probably using references to the federations' rulebooks - and we probably want to avoid duplicated effort (or conflicting information) in separate articles.
 * The way I'd organize it would be by putting the basics of the exercise in the bench press article (and referencing it), then creating a list of rules common to all (or major, if we can verify that) federations about each of the lifts, and finally, a table listing the differences between them. That would help to clear things up a lot, I think. What do y'all think? TheRuss 23:40, 11 August 2007 (UTC)

Bench press picture
The caption on the picture in this article doesn't match the caption as given by the person who uploaded it, and it doesn't look like it was taken at a powerlifting competition. I figure that a picture about the sport of powerlifting should probably be of someone powerlifting at a powerlifting competition. If anyone here is going to a meet, take a picture and upload it here. TheRuss 08:51, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

List of federations vs. external links
Whoever removed the list of federations as a "directory of links" purged the wrong section. The list of powerlifting organizations was a bit long and unwieldy, but at bare minimum, the top-level organizations should be listed (I haven't yet had the time to tabulate the differences between the federations, but it'd certainly be worth inclusion). I think it's the external links section that really falls under that category - that's why I flagged the external links section. TheRuss 01:18, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

Powerlifting USA cover pic
This is likely to get deleted soon as things stand. The bottom line of the fair-use tag for that picture states "Note: It is not acceptable to use images with this tag in the article of the person or persons depicted on the cover, unless used directly in connection with the publication of this image. Such usages will be removed." In other words, we cannot use mag covers simply as general illustrations. At all. 81.158.3.3 10:30, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

Wow
Is this article a joke? There are so many blatant misspellings, horrible syntax, and other egregious errors. Someone really needs to clean this thing up. 71.56.2.160 18:33, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

Ok, thanks for volunteering. --Trusader 01:46, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Controversy and Olympics talk
Until someone is willing to back up these sections with reliable citations, there's no point in including them. TheRuss 21:27, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

All time records?
I'm not sure where these came from...

"Squat: - Heaviest Below Thighs parallel, 100 % strictly unassisted and accurate is around 385 Kg (officially) Bench: - 100 % strictly unassisted and accurate is around 285 Kg (officially) Deadlift: - 100 % strictly Unassisted and accurate is around 410 Kg (officially) Total: - estimated around 1000 Kg"

But A. there is no source and B. the numbers are wrong. The raw squat record is 948 lb and the raw bench is 715. Not sure about raw deadlifts. As for the "estimated" total record, that's just not wikiworthy. I might go ahead and change this... Alex Klotz (talk) 02:47, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

What "records" are those ? There are so many different rules that it is really impossible to talk about records here. For instance I know that it makes a HUGE difference in performance if you held the bar for a second at the lowest position of the lift versus not hold it, the difference being in the range 6%-8%. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.158.78.32 (talk) 15:50, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

Weightlifting in the "west"
Weightlifting was quite popular in the "west" until USSR started to take part in world sport events in the 1950-es. It came particularly strong in the weightlifting, soon started to dominate the sport which seems to have discouraged the western athletes who started to fade in the 1960-es and disappear in the 1970-es. The Russian and Bulgarian dominance in the 1980-es appeared to have effectively killed the sport in the west. Currently there is some growing interest in the USA but it will take time to revive. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.63.60.170 (talk) 01:27, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

Training Format
"This will cause the muscle to tear and push the body to repair the muscle stronger without much increase in muscle size compared to a bodybuilder." So the goal is to achieve an injury requiring hospitalization? Are you kidding me? This article is a joke. --smellymechanic —Preceding unsigned comment added by Smellymechanic (talk • contribs) 04:56, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

Powerlifting vs. Weightlifting comparisons
I think these comparisons should really stick to empirical observations and methods. I have yet to read any conclusive research that Olympic lifting requires any more power than Powerlifting. Moving a 500 lb barbell requires the same amount of force in either sport (although this would be a paltry attempt in powerlifting circles). Any research that I have read indicates that researchers have either been mislead or are not well versed on the lifts. In two of the three powerlifts there is a controlled eccentric downstroke that requires force (i.e. work) which was never accounted for in the research I've read. The snatch and the clean-and-jerk have just the up stroke and run to get out of the way of the plummeting barbell in the downstroke. If someone knows of conclusive research where the "total" amount of work performed in powerlifts is compared to the "total" amount of work performed in Olympic lifts, I'd greatly appreciate the read. Otherwise, I'd suggest that these "power" statements are more guesswork and assumptions than fact. Please leave these unvalidated terms out of comparisons and just stick to known variables. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Darakom (talk • contribs) 22:28, 15 August 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Powerlifting/Archive 1


text:
Quadratrix

In geometry, a quadratrix is a curve having ordinates which are a measure of the area (or quadrature) of another curve. The two most famous curves of this class are those of Dinostratus and E. W. Tschirnhaus, which are both related to the circle.

Quadratrix of Dinostratus
The quadratrix of Dinostratus (also called the quadratrix of Hippias) was well known to the ancient Greek geometers, and is mentioned by Proclus, who ascribes the invention of the curve to a contemporary of Socrates, probably Hippias of Elis. Dinostratus, a Greek geometer and disciple of Plato, discussed the curve, and showed how it effected a mechanical solution of squaring the circle. Pappus, in his Collections, treats its history, and gives two methods by which it can be generated. Another construction is as follows. $DAB$ is a quadrant in which the line $DA$ and the arc $\overarc{DB}$ are divided into the same number of equal parts. Radii are drawn from the centre of the quadrant to the points of division of the arc, and these radii are intersected by the lines drawn parallel to $AB$ and through the corresponding points on the radius $\overline{DA}$. The locus of these intersections is the quadratrix. Letting $A$ be the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system, $D$ be the point $(a, 0)$, $a$ units from the origin along the $x$-axis, and $B$ be the point $(0, a)$, $a$ units from the origin along the $y$-axis, the curve itself can be expressed by the equation
 * 1) Let a helix be drawn on a right circular cylinder; a screw surface is then obtained by drawing lines from every point of this spiral perpendicular to its axis. The orthogonal projection of a section of this surface by a plane containing one of the perpendiculars and inclined to the axis is the quadratrix.
 * 2) A right cylinder having for its base an Archimedean spiral is intersected by a right circular cone which has the generating line of the cylinder passing through the initial point of the spiral for its axis. From every point of the curve of intersection, perpendiculars are drawn to the axis. Any plane section of the screw (plectoidal of Pappus) surface so obtained is the quadratrix.
 * $$y = x\cot\left(\frac{\pi x}{2a}\right).$$

Because the cotangent function is invariant under negation of its argument, and has a simple pole at each multiple of $\pi$, the quadratrix has reflection symmetry across the $y$-axis, and similarly has a pole for each value of $x$ of the form $x = 2na$, for integer values of $n$, except at $x = 0$ where the pole in the cotangent is canceled by the factor of $x$ in the formula for the quadratrix. These poles partition the curve into a central portion flanked by infinite branches. The point where the curve crosses the $y$-axis has $y = 2a/π$; therefore, if it were possible to accurately construct the curve, one could construct a line segment whose length is a rational multiple of $1/π$, leading to a solution of the classical problem of squaring the circle. Since this is impossible with compass and straightedge, the quadratrix in turn cannot be constructed with compass and straightedge. An accurate construction of the quadratrix would also allow the solution of two other classical problems known to be impossible with compass and straightedge: doubling the cube and trisecting an angle.

Quadratrix of Tschirnhaus
The quadratrix of Tschirnhaus is constructed by dividing the arc and radius of a quadrant in the same number of equal parts as before. The mutual intersections of the lines drawn from the points of division of the arc parallel to DA, and the lines drawn parallel to AB through the points of division of DA, are points on the quadratrix. The Cartesian equation is $$y = a \cos\!\big(\tfrac{\pi x}{2a}\big)$$. The curve is periodic, and cuts the x-axis at the points $$x = (2n - 1)a$$, $$n$$ being an integer; the maximum values of $$y$$ are $$a$$. Its properties are similar to those of the quadratrix of Dinostratus.

Other quadratrices
Other curves that have historically been used to square the circle include the Archimedean spiral and the cochleoid.

title: Quadratrix


text:
Twin Cities 400

The 400 (later named the Twin Cities 400 ) was a named passenger train operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway between Chicago and Saint Paul, with a final stop in Minneapolis. The train took its name from the schedule of 400 miles between the cities in 400 minutes, and was also a nod to "The Four Hundred Club", a term coined by Ward McAllister to refer to the social elite of New York City in the late 19th century. It was an express train with limited stops between Chicago and the Twin Cities. The "400" ran from 1935 to 1963 on the Chicago to Twin Cities route. The C&NW later named their other passenger trains using the number "400".

Background
A lightweight streamlined train, the Pioneer Zephyr, was introduced in 1934 the United States by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. The CB&Q was a competitor to the Chicago and North Western Railway on Chicago to Minneapolis-St.Paul rail service. The C&NW had not invested in the new diesel powered passenger train technology, but decided to upgrade track and motive power for higher speeds with heavyweight, steam-powered trains.

Adams cutoff
The main route between Chicago and the Twin Cities for the C&NW went through Madison, Wisconsin and met the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway in Elroy, Wisconsin. The C&NW Chicago to St. Paul Viking train used this route through Madison, taking about 12 hours. In 1910, the Milwaukee, Sparta, and Northwestern Railroad, a subsidiary of the C&NW, began the "Air Line" or "Adams Cutoff" from Adams, Wisconsin towards Sparta, Wisconsin. It began operation in 1911. This railroad met the Omaha Railway in Wyeville, Wisconsin as part of the new route between Milwaukee and St. Paul, but not going through Madison. It became the route for the overnight North Western Limited, which used heavyweight Pullman cars between Chicago and the Twin Cities. The North Western Limited took 12 hours on this route.

Higher speed to Milwaukee
C&NW made their first upgrades in 1934 along the 85 mi line between Chicago and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, introducing the 90-minute Pacemaker service to compete with the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railroad (Milwaukee Road) which introduced a similar train.

Competition to the Twin Cities
Attention then turned to faster trains to Saint Paul: The CB&Q ran a Zephyr demonstration train between Chicago and the Twin Cities that summer with the intent to run regular service the next year, and the Milwaukee Road introduced similar plans. The C&NW focused on the Adams cutoff route running west from Milwaukee. The railroad also upgraded its locomotives and passenger cars. Four C&NW Class E-2 4-6-2 Pacific locomotives built by American-Schenectady in 1923 were converted to run on oil rather than coal and had other upgrades to help them run at high speed, becoming Class E-2-a engines. The passenger cars got air conditioning and improved suspension parts for a smoother ride.

Service history
A test run was made on December 30, 1934, but the regular train started on January 2, 1935. Time dubbed the 400, "the fastest train scheduled on the American Continent, fastest in all the world on a stretch over 200 mi." While the 400 implied "400 miles in 400 minutes", Chicago to St. Paul was 408.6 mi in 420 minutes (7 hours), with the station stop at St. Paul and the last leg to Minneapolis taking another 30 minutes. The 400s had priority over all other trains; the employee timetable specified that "Freight trains, transfer trains, and switch engines must clear the schedules of Nos. 400 and 401 [by] fifteen (15) minutes." Other 400 trains would receive similar instructions in later years, and the rule remained in effect for most of the Twin Cities 400's existence.

On the first day the train reached 91 mph. On April 28 the schedule was shortened by 30 minutes to reach the mile-a-minute pace the line promised, and matching the 6½-hour pace of the newly introduced Milwaukee Road Hiawatha and the Burlington's Twin Cities Zephyr. This included a 75-minute schedule between Chicago and Milwaukee, averaging 68 mph there and 63 mph overall. One day in late 1935 the 400 needed to make up time and reached 108 mph. Later, streamlined diesel trains were said to reach 112 mph.

C&NW renamed the first 400 to Twin Cities 400 in late 1941 as the C&NW prepared to rename almost all of its passenger trains as part of the 400 fleet, including the Flambeau 400, Minnesota 400, Peninsula 400, Shoreland 400, Valley 400 and the later Kate Shelley 400.

From 1950 to 1955 the train ran its shortest schedule, 6¼ hours between St. Paul and Chicago, an average of over 65 mph. In 1952 the railroad installed automatic train stop along the eastern half of the route from Chicago to Wyeville due to regulations from the Interstate Commerce Commission. This allowed the train to run at 95 to 100 mph there, although the western part of the line did not get upgrades and was limited to 79 mph. The pace reverted to a 6½-hour schedule in 1955 and in 1960 to the 7-hour pace established in 1935. C&NW ceased running the Twin Cities 400 in 1963 and all intercity passenger service on C&NW ended with the formation of Amtrak in 1971. Today, the Twin Cities to Chicago route is served by the Amtrak Borealis, which takes about seven hours. The route is also covered by the Seattle/Portland-to-Chicago Empire Builder. Both trains run on the former Milwaukee Road, now Canadian Pacific.

July 1959 derailment
On July 30, 1959, the Twin Cities 400 left the rails between Knapp and Menomonie in Dunn County, Wisconsin. Fifty people were taken to area hospitals with injuries out of the 115 passengers.

Equipment
The 400 was notable for fast trains of its day in that it originally ran with rebuilt or upgraded, rather than new equipment. This stood in stark comparison to the Milwaukee Road's Hiawatha and the Burlington Zephyrs, each of which first ran with brand new locomotives and cars. Each 400 train required two steam locomotives, which were swapped partway through the trip, primarily because some grease fittings on the train could not withstand the entire journey at high speed.

The steam locomotives were upgraded to feature a 45° lamp on top of the boiler just ahead of the smokestack. These lights were intended to announce the approach of the train and could be seen for a great distance in rural areas. In 1937, one locomotive was equipped with a prototype Mars light, the first ever put into use. The three-million-candela lamp had a gyrating reflector which traced a figure-8 pattern ahead of the engine.

C&NW updated the train in 1939 with two pairs of EMD E3A locomotives and lightweight streamlined passenger cars. Two engines were required because the diesels didn't have as much power as the older steam locomotives. However, they were extremely reliable, with only one major breakdown in the first two years of service. These were followed by E6 locomotives in 1941, and E7s in 1947. E8s saw some service in the 1950s, though they were initially purchased for other routes.

Route
The train originated at the Chicago and North Western Terminal (now the Ogilvie Transportation Center) on Madison Street in Chicago. It ran to Milwaukee on the lakefront commuter line and stopped at the Lake Front Depot on Wisconsin Avenue. It ran to Wyeville, Wisconsin where it followed the Omaha Road route to St. Paul. It stopped at the Saint Paul Union Depot, and then made the short run to the Minneapolis Great Northern Depot over the Stone Arch Bridge.

The North Western Limited train was an overnight train that also used the Twin Cities 400 route, but taking 9 hours and only stopping at Altoona and Adams between St. Paul and Milwaukee.

The Viking was another named C&NW passenger train that followed a different route, through Elroy, Wisconsin and Madison, Wisconsin, and made limited stops between Chicago and St. Paul. It took roughly 12 hours as a daylight train. The Victory was the overnight train on this route.

Name
Along the routes of the Twin Cities 400 and its sister trains, there were a number of bars titled "400 Club", paying homage to the train and the social status.

title: Twin Cities 400


text:
Pitäjänmäki

Pitäjänmäki (Sockenbacka) is a district located on the westernmost district of Helsinki, Finland, near the border with Espoo. There are many IT and machine manufacturing companies in the area, especially around the Valimo railway station. Such companies include Nokia, Nokia Siemens Networks, ABB, Fujitsu Siemens, Digia, Martela as well as Nordea Bank, Stockmann Auto Oy and Sweco Industry Oy. Besides, the suburb also contains many residential apartment buildings. The nearest shopping mall is Sello in Leppävaara, Espoo.

Pitäjänmäki hosts a famous designer jewellery manufacturing company called Kalevala Koru.

title: Pitäjänmäki


text: Template:Patras

title: Template:Patras


text:
Tavče gravče

Tavče gravče (Тавче-гравче) is a traditional Macedonian dish. It is prepared with fresh beans and can be found in many restaurants in North Macedonia. It is also commonly eaten by the Macedonian diaspora. This meal is baked and served in a traditional unglazed earthenware pot. The name of the dish may be translated as "beans on a tava". Tavče gravče is considered the national dish of North Macedonia. "Tavče gravče Tetovo style" is a popular regional variation.

Ingredients
The basic ingredients in tavče gravče are:

 * butter beans
 * onion
 * oil
 * dry red pepper
 * red and black pepper
 * salt
 * parsley

Preparation
The beans are cleaned and then soaked in cold water – preferably overnight, but, if time is an issue, they may be soaked for several hours or until the beans have become soft. The water in which the beans have been soaked must be discarded and fresh water added, before the beans are brought slowly to the boil and then simmered in a covered pot on a very low flame for one hour. After the first boiling, the water is again discarded, the beans washed and yet more fresh water added before they are boiled for a second time. This changing of the water at several points in the cooking process makes the beans more digestible by leaching out of them some of the indigestible sugars that can often cause flatulence. A whole onion is then added to the boiling water with the beans. When the beans are boiled, the boiled onion is removed from the water, fried separately with a scoop of flour and a teaspoon of ground red paprika, and then returned to the boiled beans. Salt, black pepper, and/or the ubiquitous regional seasoning salt Vegeta may be added to the soup. Some cooks may also add dried meats such as smoked pork, bacon or suho meso to the mix. When the beans are boiled and when all the ingredients have been added, they are put in an earthenware pot covered with a lid and baked in an oven at 220 °C. During the baking, the beans must be checked carefully from time to time to ensure that they do not become dry.

The traditional earthenware pot not only gives the dish a pleasingly rustic appearance when it is served, piping hot, from the oven, but also keeps it hot and, if used regularly and kept in good condition, can even impart a special flavour to the dish – in much the same way that the traditional unglazed earthenware cazuela can do.

title: Tavče gravče


text: User talk:204.10.221.253

title: User talk:204.10.221.253


text:
Allido Records

Allido Records is a record label and production company co-founded by British DJ Mark Ronson and his manager, media executive Rich Kleiman in 2004 as an imprint of J Records, a division of Sony BMG. The label's name is derived from Stevie Wonder's 1980 song "All I Do".

Rapper Saigon was the first artist to sign with the label, but left in favor of Just Blaze's Fort Knox Entertainment. In conjunction with Clive Davis' J Records, Allido signed Chicago-based rapper Rhymefest, who is best known as the co-writer for Kanye West's 2004 single "Jesus Walks". He released his debut album, Blue Collar for the label in July 2006. In 2007, Ronson and Kleiman signed Washington, D.C.-based rapper Wale to a contract which entered a joint venture with Interscope Records in April of the following year. In 2008, the label signed Australian-born soul singer Daniel Merriweather.

The label was distributed by J Records until its dissolution in 2011, after which Allido became an independent label.

Artists

 * Daniel Merriweather
 * The Rumblestrips
 * Surreal
 * Mark Ronson
 * Wale

title: Allido Records


text:
Yardley Chase

Yardley Chase is a 357.6 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest, mostly in Northamptonshire, with a small area in the south of the site in Buckinghamshire. It is in two areas of woodland, pasture and parkland, south-west of Yardley Hastings in Northamptonshire, and north-west of Olney in Buckinghamshire.

Ecology
This Chase has diverse semi-natural habitats, and its value for invertebrates has been enhanced by military use of the site, which has resulted in a long absence of intensive agriculture. There is woodland and unimproved grassland, and 30 breeding butterfly species have been recorded.

History
Much of the site was originally a Norman Hunting Chase and is now woodland, pasture and parkland. More recently, military use over a large part has left a series of railway tracks, grassland glades and open pools in the forest. The value of these habitats, particularly for invertebrates, is enhanced by their long isolation from intensive agriculture and by their presence over a large area.

There is documentary evidence in the form of early maps and estate plans to indicate a long history of woodland on the site, although much of the former ancient semi-natural woodland has been replanted or modified. This has created a range of woodland types including plantations of oak, mixed broad-leaves such as ash and conifers. The integrity of the woodland blocks as a whole is essential to their nature conservation importance, but the relatively unmodified areas are of particular significance.

In addition to the ancient trees dating back to the civil war, Yardley Chase was also home to the oak tree which provided the inspiration for William Cowper's poem "Yardley Oak" and the area is described as having been a favourite walk of Cowper's.

Military use
Yardley Chase contains some large concrete huts, about 12 m long, and about 6-8m (20–25 feet) wide, which were used during World War II to store bombs. They continued in use after the war as a bulk explosives depot, until the 1970s when the Ministry of Defence shut them down when it became obvious that they would be useless in a nuclear war. The site was served by a branch of the Northampton-Bedford railway line and evidence of revetted tracks are still visible around the site which is only a few miles east of the former depot of the Northamptonshire Regiment and later Royal Pioneer Corps at Simpson Barracks in Wootton. The site also has numerous small bunkers within it and is criss-crossed by barbed wire fences once past the main perimeter. It has several tracks that lead to the various bunkers and fair amounts of military debris (mainly used pyrotechnics) scattered around it.

The eastern munitions site is larger than its western neighbour and the bomb storage buildings, in addition to being less numerous, are also mostly surrounded by water-filled moats. The storage buildings at the western site are surrounded by earth banks. The eastern and western sites were connected by a rail track.

The site is nowadays used by Army, Navy and Air cadets, as well as the Territorial Army units for basic skills training and field-craft. This site is closed to the public. The ACF use the training area on a regular basis – along with CCF units from nearby Schools. Naval cadets from TS Invincible (Bletchley Park) also use the site for on-shore field-craft. It is also used by the air cadets from Wellingborough and Rushden for fieldcraft weekends.

A ceremony for the new Yardley Chase Cadet Training Centre, on Denton Road, Horton, Northamptonshire, took place at Yardley Chase on 11 July 2013 to mark the commencement of construction work on a new £7.2 million Cadet Training Centre. It replaced a number of former Second World War buildings in poor condition, that had been used by Army Cadets for many years. The new centre can be used by up to 180 Cadets and 45 adult volunteers and on 25 October 2014, eighty guests and over 100 young people and adult volunteers from the Combined Cadet Force, Sea Cadets, Army Cadet Force (ACF) and Air Training Corps were present at the opening of the centre by Major General Robert Nitsch CBE, General Officer Commanding Support Command.

The new training facility is set to be used primarily by Leicestershire, Northamptonshire and Rutland Army Cadet Force (LNR ACF) although other Cadet and youth organisations, community-based projects and local businesses will be able to hire the facility.

The official opening event included guests having the opportunity to see and get involved with a variety of Cadet-based activities both inside and outside the new training centre, as well as having a chance to view the new accommodation area.

Access
There are footpaths through the Chase but some areas used by the military are closed to the public.

title: Yardley Chase


text:
Jaime Torres Bodet

Jaime Mario Torres Bodet (17 April 1902 – 13 May 1974) was a prominent Mexican politician and writer who served in the executive cabinet of three Presidents of Mexico. He was the second Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), serving from 1948 until his resignation in 1952.

Life
Torres Bodet was born in Mexico City. His mother was Emilia Bodet Levallois, a Peruvian of French heritage, and his father was Alejandro Torres Girbent from Barcelona. The couple met in Peru, married and migrated to Mexico in the very late 19th century. His father was a promoter of operas and theatre, activities which impressed Jaime as a young child. Jaime was one of two children. He had a younger brother, Mario, who died very young and to whom Torres Bodet does not refer in his memoirs. His mother was a great influence on him, but his relationship with his father was less close as he was rarely home. He ran the Esperanza Iris Theater and arranged shows such as appearances by Enrico Caruso. The family was wealthy, living in a home on Donceles Street that allow them to see then-president Porfirio Díaz arrive for official business at the Chamber of Deputies across the street.

Both of Torres Bodet's parents stressed literature and the arts. His early education was the purview of his mother, who taught him piano, reading and the Gallic language. This allowed him to enter directly into the third grade when he started school. In 1912, he graduated the sixth grade, he received as a gift the collection of "The Natural Episodes" by Benito Pérez Galdós, along with many other books. He attended high school at the National Preparatory School, where his literary development began, befriending like-minded people in Bernardo Ortiz de Montellano, José Gorostiza, Carlos Pellicer and Luis Garrido.

Torres Bodet came of age during the Mexican Revolution. He published his first book of poems at age 16.

He lost sight in one eye in 1954, while returning to Mexico City from Cuernavaca.

He spent the last years of his life dedicated only to writing his memoirs. According to Solana, he planned to end his life after finishing them. He had decided he had done everything he wanted to do. His diplomatic career ended when he turned 65, forced to retire. He had a wife but no children or nieces and nephews on his side. His decision to commit suicide was also influenced by a 1956 book called The Temple of the Golden Pavilion by Yukio Mishima. He was impressed by the idea of destroying a perfect temple rather than letting it decay. He was also affected by the deaths of various friends and associates after long or debilitating illnesses. In 1974, he ended his life with by gunshot. The official version of the story stated that it was due to a long battle with colon cancer. Solana states Torres Bodet was fine both mentally and physically at the time of his death.

Career
He spoke French, which he learned as a child. This opened both literary and diplomatic doors for him. He was a specialist in French literature, and later learned English and Italian.

At only 18 years of age, in 1920, Torres Bodet was appointed an administrator at the National Preparatory School as well as a teacher of literature at the School of Advanced Studies.In 1921, José Vasconcelos made him his personal secretary. Soon after, he was appointed the head of libraries for the Secretariat of Public Education. In addition to these responsibilities, he founded a magazine called Falange along with several friends and the support of Vasconcelos. He then was appointed to the rectory of the National University (today UNAM), tasked with formulating the legal basis of the new educational system.

In 1929, he published Biombos, Poesias, Destierro (Screens, Poetries, Unearthing). In the same year, he founded with a group of friends a magazine called Los Contemporáneos (Contemporaries). The group behind this publication would become known as the "no grupo" (not a group) or "grupo sin nombre" (nameless group) and consisted of Enrique González Rojo, Benardo Ortiz de Montellano, José Gorostiza, Salvador Novo, Xavier Villaurrutia along with Torres Bodet. The purpose of Contemporáneos was to promote an expressive and poetic movement called Nuevo Ateneo, which had begun in 1924. The publication was quickly criticized as for not being in line with the current revolutionary ideology, nor patriotic enough. In fact, it was apolitical, itself becoming a political statement

From 1938 to 1941 he worked with a younger generation of writers such as Rafael Solana, Octavio Paz, Efraín Huerta and Alberto Quintero on a project and publication called Taller Poético (Poetic Workshop). His work has fallen into relative obscurity since his death despite being well-appreciated during his time.

He had contact with various other writers such as García Lorca, Alberto del Toro Aguirre, Pedro Salinas (Generation of 27), Paul Valery and Valery Larbaud.

Torres Bodet was appointed Secretary of Public Education (1943–46) by President Manuel Ávila Camacho; he then served as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs (1946–1951) under President Miguel Alemán Valdés. He was the ambassador of Mexico to France from 1954 to 1958. Later, in 1958–64, he was again appointed to serve as Secretary of Public Education, this time under President Adolfo López Mateos. He believed that the answer to Mexico's problem lie with education, that it could diminish crime, corruption, lack of employment, etc. This was particularly true with vocational education, despite himself being a poet. According to his personal secretary Rafael Solana, President Manuel Ávila Camacho offered to guarantee him the presidency, but Torres reminded him that it was prohibited under Article 82 of the Mexican Constitution as he was only a first generation Mexican. He retired from public life after his stint as the Secretary of Public Education, rejecting various positions that were offered to him.

Between 1929 and the outbreak of the Second World War, Torres Bodet held diplomatic positions in Madrid, The Hague, Paris, Buenos Aires and Brussels. He served as director-general of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) from 1948 to 1952. From 1955 to 1958 he was Ambassador to France.

He received the Medal of Honor Belisario Domínguez from the Senate in 1971.

He was also a member of the Mexican Language Academy (the national correspondent agency to the Spanish Royal Academy) and of the National College.

Torres Bodet died by suicide in Mexico City on 13 May 1974.

title: Jaime Torres Bodet


text:
Truth, Love & a Little Malice

Truth, Love and a Little Malice (published in 2002) is the title of the autobiography of Khushwant Singh, a famous Indian writer, journalist and columnist who is also a qualified Barrister from the King's College, London. Apart from tracing his story and immediate family history, it deals in-depth with his relations with political dignitaries. The name of the book itself was derived from a famous column that he wrote for the newspaper Hindustan Times (and that was syndicated in several newspapers) with the title "With malice towards one and all."

Some exclusive excerpts of the book detailing the relationship between the ex-Prime minister Indira Gandhi and her daughter-in-law Maneka Gandhi were published in India Today to generate publicity before publication of the book. The publication of the book was held up for more than five years after Maneka Gandhi filed a case against the release of the book.

title: Truth, Love & a Little Malice


text:
User:Anorion

eh?

http://www.b1n4rym4g3.blogspot.com

title: User:Anorion


text:
Saburō Aizawa

Saburō Aizawa (相沢 三郎 Aizawa Saburō) (6 September 1889 – 3 July 1936) was a Japanese military officer of the Imperial Japanese Army who assassinated Tetsuzan Nagata in the Aizawa Incident in August 1935. Aizawa was later court-martialed and executed for this murder.

Biography
Saburō Aizawa was born on 6 September 1889 in Sendai, the eldest son of Hyonosuke Aizawa, a former court clerk and notary of the Sendai Domain, and his wife Makiko. Aizawa attended junior high school in Iwate Prefecture before attending the regional military school of the Imperial Japanese Army in Sendai and graduating on 28 May 1910. Aizawa served in many positions and was promoted numerous times during the 1910s and 1920s, reaching the rank of lieutenant-colonel by the early 1930s.

Aizawa was a staunch supporter of the Kōdōha (Imperial Way), the radical militarist political faction of the Imperial Japanese Army in opposition to the moderate Tōseiha (Control Faction) during the Gunbatsu period. By mid-1935, Aizawa despised Major General Tetsuzan Nagata, the de facto leader of the Tōseiha, whose ideas earned him the violent animosity as "chief villain" of the Kōdōha. Nagata's national mobilization strategy of preparing both the military and civilian economy for total war offended the Kōdōha, who perceived it as collusion with corrupt party politics and the zaibatsu. Aizawa's behavior became noticeably erratic and he was stationed in Japanese Taiwan. In July 1935, Nagata's political manoeuvres led to the forced retirement of Jinzaburō Masaki, the Inspector-General of Military Training, who was a leading member of Kōdōha and Aizawa's friend.

Aizawa Incident
On 12 August 1935, Aizawa assassinated Nagata for reputedly putting the Army "in the paws of high finance" and in retaliation for Masaki's forced retirement, which became known as the Aizawa Incident. Aizawa entered Nagata's office in Tokyo and cut him down with his sword, making no attempt to resist arrest by military police and reportedly said that he "was in an absolute sphere, so there was neither affirmation nor negation, neither good nor evil". Aizawa's actions increased the political polarization within the Imperial Japanese Army and the Army Minister Senjūrō Hayashi was forced to resign over the affair. Further retaliation between factions resulted in the February 26 Incident in February 1936, effectively eradicating the Kōdōha and granting the Tōseiha total influence within the army. On 3 July 1936, Aizawa was executed by firing squad after a high-profile court martial trial held by the IJA 1st Division.

title: Saburō Aizawa


text:
Trash rack

A trash rack (US) or debris screen is a wooden or metal structure, frequently supported by masonry, that prevents water-borne debris (such as logs, boats, animals, masses of cut waterweed, etc.) from entering the intake of a water mill, pumping station or water conveyance. This protects water wheels, penstocks, and sluice gates from destruction during floods. They are sometimes fitted to storm drain inflows and outflows to prevent debris from entering a natural watercourse. Other names used as trash screen (US) or debris grille.

Trash racks composed of vertical wooden strakes separated by narrow gaps are very common and perform extremely poorly. Metal gratings are sturdier and can have narrower strakes, and angling the trash rack properly can allow some self-cleaning from the action of the water. Modern trash racks as used by hydroelectric plants can incorporate such advanced features as wedge-wire screens, the Coanda effect, and cleaning robots.

In waterways with large amounts of floating debris, various permanently installed "trash rakes" may be required to reduce the labor required for regular cleaning. Trash racks are designed for water velocity of around 2 feet/second (0.6 metres/second) to prevent excessive energy loss due to the head loss across the trash rack. Close spacing keeps out more small floating debris or fish, but may plug up easily with frazil ice in cold climates.

title: Trash rack


text:
User talk:David Woolley

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Wikiacc (talk) 19:15, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Interference
See User_talk:193.122.208.211. --Edcolins 11:04, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Re:SETI@home
Hi David. Sorry for the misunderstanding. The good news is that I share with you most of the comments you left on my talk page:
 * The whole article is not very rigorous in my view - Correct and maybe I was too lazy or busy for not dealing with that since a long time now. I am a fan of the project myself but I still see the article full of vanity!
 * The sources for network adminstrator - I agree again after checking.
 * One of my concerns about the article is over use of links. Links have been put in when they are too vague, and sometimes refer to the wrong definition. - Yes indeed. I can help in this.
 * ''I don't know for certain that the Lovell telescope doesn't get some government grants for SETI work. - As I am aware of is that the Novell telescope got a grant in 2001 and think it's been renewed by 2003 (but not sure it all that was related to SETI). Also, as heard in the news recently, that Britain is keen again to invest on Space technology but not sure wheather Lovell telescope has been granted a budget.

I think that the article needs some revision (facts, references, pov, etc...) What I suggest, David, is that it would be better later on to have a balanced article in terms of positivism and sckeptism. (having maybe both sections) -- Cheers -- Svest 19:35, 24 October 2005 (UTC) Wiki me up™

Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing
Hi, David Wooley. I agree with your assessment of Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing and the network dab. IUnlinking the network might make sense or combining it as computing network. I do agree that computer network doesn't quite fit here.

Let me know if you'd like to make the change or if you'd like to discuss more.

And, please feel free to share any other feedback you have about Network. There are hundreds of links to disambiguate.....television network, telecommunication network, social network....ugh. :-) Happy editing!  >: Roby Wayne Talk 02:05, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

Creationist
When I said cite sources, I meant sources that are not open to interpretation. The Old Testament was written ages after the supposed events happened and are in themselves not an entirely reliable source. What further complicates it, is the fact that there is quotes of which the meaning gets lost or misinterpreted in translation.

I have nothing against faith, but citing the Bible as a reliable source won't go well with me. BTW, I think it's a baseless argument to think creationism and evolution are mutually exclusive. God could've created the world and sort of build in the "random" evolution that happened next.

The question of sources was mainly aimed at the claim carbon dating was proven wrong and that evolution was related to communism. - Mgm|(talk) 20:38, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

Copyright problems
Hi, thanks for your message about I Capuleti e i Montecchi. Since you seem to be well up on this stuff, perhaps you could fill me in. The page the text comes from advertises "original and exclusive writing" and offers dire threats against anyone pirating it; the WP article contained no indication that it was reproduced with permission. As you know, blatant copyvios can be speedied, as it says at the top of the page you cited, WP:CP. There's no mention there of the need to list it as a copyright problem as well; I naturally assumed it would be treated by an admin as a speedy deletion, which should take much less than a week and doesn't require any listing elsewhere. Does the problem lie in the fact that (it seems) I didn't use the tag? Now, in your message to Kleinzach you imply that anyone can just revert the copyvio notice without causing problems. Is that correct? If so, I wonder why you didn't tell me (or even do it yourself if it's that simple); if not, what is the point in my listing the article as a copyright problem for seven days, given that an official permission to reproduce has already been submitted to and acknowledged by the permissions dept, and its status is therefore not controversial? Incidentally, I wonder what the point would be of "waiting to see if he does it properly"? Both Kleinzach and I feel we have spent more than enough time on this business, and I hope you can shed some light on the situation. Thanks. Flapdragon 01:08, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
 * As I said in my message above, there is absolutely no further question of a copyvio since official permission to use the text has been lodged, so I've reverted the copyvio notice. Flapdragon 14:14, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Re:User:Clee7903
Yes, I noticed the message on Clee's talk page. I've since removed the image from the article it was on, pending confirmation of licencing. Johnleemk | Talk 11:46, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

Stub sorting
I'm working too fast (reading Hampshire as New Hampshire) – need to slow down – sorry about that. --Bruce1ee 08:00, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

General complaints
My compliments for your patient handling of "general complaints". JFW | T@lk  19:31, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

I second the compliment, I apologise for any grief I may have caused. Serves me right for following the kind sir who commented just before me.

--Jen Duane 8:23, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

November 15 "Vandalism"
With regard to the note you left on my talk page....

As far as I was aware, I was editing a current version of the page, and added one short and relevant comment. I did have the edit page open for a long time (complicated reasons), but I did not get the usual warning that I was editing an outdated version, or that the page had been changed since I'd started editing. I am unable to account for other differences in the page versions subsequent to my edit.... I might very well have changed something in error, I probably should have checked the difference between versions after saving, and, of course, I apologise.

Now, that said, with all due respect, you might want to consider taking a brief look at users edit histories before you go accusing them of malice and vandalism. Some people get quite upset by that sort of thing. If people are acting out of habitual malice, it's almost always evident from their recent edits.

Best wishes, TheMadBaron 19:59, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

How to insert an external link on a page while editing?
I wasn't trying to correct anything you had said, I just thought the way you phrased it was slightly confusing (the bit about seriously considering anytime you placed a link in the body text of an article). I was just tyring to clarify your statements, not correct them. :) -Lanoitarus 18:08, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

Image:Kiss-image.jpg
Your points may be valid, although IMO an explicit relase from the copyright holder overrides such attempts at a geenral contrat of adhesion (courts have been mixed on upholdign such contracts in general, but the normal copyright rule is that an explicit statemetn from teh copyright holder trumps such general terms). But the IMO rather dubious nature of this issue takes it out of the realm of speedy deletion. I think that if you want to persue this you should take it to WP:PUI or WP:IFD where there can be actual debate on the issue.

In any case I will not restore the speedy delete tag on the image, and i ask ypu not to do so.

I am sure that you feel in good faith that the site terms of use prevent this being freely used by wikipedia. You may be right. But this is not the kind of clar-cut case that IMO is suited for speedy deletion. DES (talk) 21:06, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

Mittelalter.JPG
The Mittelalter.JPG image in the Portuguese wiki has already been deleted. Thanks for your alert. --Leonardo Alves 02:36, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia:General complaints
Hi David! Your point on General complaints is well made, but I think it's a bit daunting for general readers and (potential) new editors to grasp. It seems to me that it's better to encourage people not sure about how the system works to just have a go and see how it works. Getting into the whole "go into the history, find the last good revision, revert to that, check it over"-thing is fine for those of us who've been here a while or who grasped the Wiki idea instantly, but for most other people it's a big "this is too complex for you to edit" sign! It took me weeks as an active editor to grasp how basic reversion worked. We always need new contributors and vandalism hunters, so I worry about scaring them off with jargon. Peace! ➨ ❝REDVERS❞ 20:11, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I disagree. I think Wikipedia really needs people like David to snap the whip to get everyone galloping in the right direction -- forward!  BenjaminLindelof 08:46, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

Nerium oleander and its toxins
Hi David - thanks for formatting the refs I added, I'm not too well up on using these templates. I've just added another (while cleaning up the plant description a bit more), could you check I've got it right, please? - thanks, MPF 14:13, 26 November 2005 (UTC) (PS I'd agree that this article should be merged into the existing Oleander article)

Help desk fix
Thanks for picking up the top post and my archiving of it. --GraemeL (talk) 14:35, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Re: Distributed Computing Category Link
Regarding your comment: In the link was an excess "| " as shown in the diff. It wasn't really actually broken, so maybe I should've said something besides "bad." Just curious, is this a worthy update? Sean 18:20, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Okay, I see how it works now. The category format seems somewhat hacked up, and I didn't realize it. Lesson learned. Sorry about that! --Sean 18:34, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

A Barnstar for your excellent work helping other Wikipedians

Hi, David! I am looking at your talk page and marvelling that despite your relatively short time here so far, no one has yet thanked you for your efforts to help other Wikipedians with their technical difficulties at the Help Desk and elsewhere. You consistently provide extraordinarly thorough and practical answers and help make the Help Desk a friendly and useful service. Thank you for your contributions, and keep up the good work! — HorsePunchKid →龜 2005-12-03 09:39:05Z

Gregg
Please note my reply on my own talkpage. Uppland 13:04, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

Military history of Puerto Rico
Hello David, I believe that I have never had the pleasure of writing to you before. You're right about my interest in the article, I've written over 300 of them and always check and see the edits. In this case I saw that User:71,208.24.76 posted his POV twice even after your warning in his talk page. There are cases when a temporary 24 hr. protect discourages a person from breaking the three revert rule and therefore an edit war is avoided. I have nothing personal against User:71,208.24.76, otherwise I would have waited for him to revert three times and then blocked him, but I don't want to discourage him. If you'll notice he created an unsourced and POV article Puerto Rico Nasa Experimentation, which he now links by "See also's". Not only should this article be "tag" for cleanup, as you already did, but also for verification of sources. By the way I must say that you've been doing excellent work in Wiki, my hat off to you (smile). Tony the Marine 01:31, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

Stub sorting Anglo Norse Society
Then replace it with a better stub category! :-) Catamorphism 21:57, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

name links
The numbers link to articles on individual engines, the names link to whatever they were named after. — Dunc|☺ 16:33, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide
Looks OK to me at the moment, I will keep an eye on it. Physchim62 (talk) 13:21, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

ACM Crossroads
Hi, thanks a lot for adding ACM Crossroads, I'm the editor-in-chief, and it's great to see someone cares! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.36.68.50 (talk • contribs)

Funny Man!
Wikipedia isn't a valid source for Wikipedia articles.

You said this on the Article Creation page.

What is Wikipedia a valid source for, if not Wikipedia articles?

Bananas? Tofu? Orangutangs?

Very funny!
 * It's quite correct that it is not a valid source for itself. What this means is that information used in one Wikipedia article cannot be taken from another Wikipedia article, it must be taken from a primary source outside of Wikipedia.

 * --David Woolley 14:02, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Vandalism by User talk:64.235.102.2
I'm trying to help track down the students that are likely to be behind the vandalism. I don't see anything in your recent history or theirs that indicate you've crossed paths before, but I figured I'd ask just in case. See this vandalism in particular. Does this IP address ring a bell? Do you have any connection to high school students in Ontario, Canada? Or was this purely random? --Stephane Charette 05:35, 14 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I think it was random. --David Woolley 14:06, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Central Asia
Hi, I'm trying to start some sort of working group to improve the coverage of Central Asia and related topics in Wikipedia. Leave a message on my userpage if you're interested. Aelfthrytha 03:57, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

Mistake
Dear David, at first I put this question by mistake on your user page (newby mistake, sorry!).

Could you please look at rigid rotor and let me know if it satisfies the Wikipedia standards, and, if not, any suggestions for changes? Thank you. --P.wormer 11:08, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

Tay Coast Line (et al)
Hi David - I've got no idea if you are an expert on the railways in Britain or not, so forgive me if I'm a novice preaching to a master. Part of the issue of "Tay Coast Line" vs "Dundee and Perth Railway" is that xxx-line is the track and yyy-railway is the company that built or operates the line. Hence and article titled "Dundee and Perth Railway" has to be about the rail company that existed from 1845 when it was given assent through till 1848 when it was absorbed into the Scotish Central Railway. So the question is - what do you call the stretch of track between Dundee and Perth? I'm happy to use whatever term is deemed appropriate - the only reason I titled it "Tay Coast Line" is because that term is already used in existing Wiki articles.

As for the "Glasgow to Dundee (via Perth) Line", I'm glad you made the comment that it doesn't seem to exist as a single line - because it doesn't! Glasgow to Dundee via Perth is a route, not a single line. But again, it already exists within Wiki and within the existing template, hence my attempt to create an article to complete the template. NajaB 23:34, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

Hi David, I mentioned for historical reasons two original and two review papers (I read all 4 of them) in my rigid rotor article. Just from the references alone people can see how old the topic is. These articles are available on the internet (for free if you have access via most universities), otherwise you have to pay. But the same goes for textbooks. Knowing this, you still think it is too technical for Wikipedia? Cheers, --P.wormer 14:44, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:David Woolley


text:
Diplomat pudding

Diplomat pudding (Diplomate au Bavarois) is a cold dessert prepared in a mold. There are two methods of preparation. The more common method uses ladyfingers soaked in rum or Kirsch flavored syrup, layered with candied fruit, apricot jam, and an egg custard or Bavarian cream. This is then refrigerated, then later removed from the mold and coated with a fruit sauce or custard cream.

In the second method of preparation, the ladyfingers are replaced with stale brioche soaked in milk, and the entire pudding is cooked in a bain-marie before the refrigeration process.

title: Diplomat pudding


text:
In Enemy Hands (film)

In Enemy Hands is a 2004 American submarine film directed by Tony Giglio and starring William H. Macy, Til Schweiger, Thomas Kretschmann, Scott Caan and Lauren Holly. The film follows an American submarine crew getting captured by a German submarine crew and taken prisoner aboard their U-boat.

Plot
The movie begins with old film footage of World War II with a narrator explaining that Germany produced hundreds of U-boats to control the Atlantic. In 1942, groups of U-boats known as wolfpacks sank over a thousand Allied ships. The Germans began winning the war and if they continued to succeed in destroying the Allies, the Germans would conquer all of Europe. In 1943, Roosevelt and Churchill declared that stopping the U-boats was their main priority. With new technology and the United States committed to the war, the Allies began destroying the U-boats and bringing an end to the wolfpacks.

In June 1943, Lt. Cmdr. Randall Sullivan (Caan) talks about his upcoming mission with Admiral Kentz (Berkeley). Kentz asks about Sullivan's COB Nathan Travers (Macy), claiming he's a good man and Sullivan could learn something from him. He then bids Sullivan farewell. Elsewhere, as Travers prepares to depart from home, his wife Rachel (Holly) makes him promise to come home safe. Two months later, Travers is on board the USS Swordfish (a fictional submarine based on the real USS Swordfish (SS-193) in World War II), captained by Sullivan, who has the crew constantly perform general quarters drills.

Meanwhile, the U-429 (a fictional U-boat based on the real U-429), captained by Jonas Herdt (Schweiger) survives a depth charge attack by an American destroyer, after which U-429 sinks the ship. After playing chess with his First Watch Officer Ludwig Cremer (Kretschmann), Jonas receives a message from home, informing him that the German city of Hamburg got bombed. The bombing destroyed his daughter's school and there were no survivors, implying that Jonas' daughter was killed.

On the Swordfish, XO Teddy Goodman (Gregg) becomes increasingly sick with a rash on his stomach, which the doctor believes is meningitis, an extremely contagious disease that can sometimes be fatal. Unknown to the crew, Sullivan has a rash on his arm too, indicating he has contracted meningitis.

Another German U-boat, the U-821, sinks the British merchant vessel Achilles. Since there hasn't been any U-boat activity in the area for a while, the closest Allied vessel, the Swordfish, goes to investigate. Radio operator Virgil Wright (Huntington) hears music played by Glenn Miller coming from the U-821, and Sullivan prepares the crew to attack. U-821 detects the two torpedoes fired from the Swordfish and it dodges them, getting into an attack position in the process. When Goodman dies from his sickness, Travers takes his place, allowing the Swordfish to fire a third torpedo and destroy the U-821. But the delay caused by Goodman's death allows the U-boat to locate the Swordfish and fire a torpedo near the submarine, where the explosion severely damages the boat and kills most of the crew, forcing the submarine to surface. Sullivan, Travers, and six other crew members Wright, engineers Abers (Sisto), and Ox (Gallagher), and torpedomen Miller (Somerholder), Cooper (Giovinazzo), and Romano (Morgan) abandon ship and are taken prisoner by the nearby U-429.

The Germans split their prisoners into two groups: Travers, Ox, Cooper, and Miller in the bow and Sullivan, Wright, Abers, and Romano in the stern. Wright nurses Sullivan and discovers his rash, where Abers recognizes it as meningitis, and the group realizes that if the Germans don't kill them, the disease will.

Days later, the U-429 prepares to attack an American destroyer, the USS Logan (a fictional destroyer based on the real USS Logan (APA-196)). Travers and his group break free of their bonds and succeed in firing one of the U-boat's torpedoes off course, away from the Logan. The torpedo detonates, alerting the Logan to the U-boat's presence. The Logan then attacks the U-429 with depth charges. The explosions allow Sullivan's group to break free as well. Sullivan protects his crew by fighting off a German guard but gets killed in the process.

The meningitis begins spreading and it kills two-thirds of the German crew, including Romano of the Americans. Later on, Travers has a hallucination of Rachel, who reminds him of his promise to come home.

With no other choice, Jonas decides to have Travers' men work with his remaining crew to save them all. They plan to sail to the United States coast and be taken into custody. As both crews reluctantly work together, Jonas explains to Travers that he saved Travers' men in defiance of the standing protocol of capturing only the captain and COB of an enemy ship. He says he personally saved all of them because he's grown tired of the war and he felt strong for himself by saving lives instead of taking them. Jonas says if they come across either enemy, they must guarantee that their men will go home.

During their travel to the United States coast, Klause (Heger), the U-429 's quartermaster, becomes disillusioned with Jonas working with the Americans and orchestrates a mutiny, along with two other crew members, Lieutenant Bauer and the U-429's radio operator Christophe. Abers and Wright subdue Christophe, who makes a distress call to other U-boats, and engineer Hans (Thorsen) knocks out Bauer to save Ox. Klause unsuccessfully attempts to use the last bow torpedo to blow up the boat but manages to fatally stab Jonas in the back. Travers reacts by using a hoist chain to break Klause's neck, killing him quickly. With his dying breath, Jonas gives command of the boat to Cremer.

The U-429 encounters the Logan again and tries to make contact with the destroyer, but they're attacked by the U-1221, another U-boat that responded to the distress call. The U-1221 fires several torpedoes in an attempt to sink the U-429, while the Logan is once again put on the alert. Enduring heavy damage as they evade every torpedo attack, two German crew members try to convince Cremer to fight back, but he refuses to fire on his own countrymen. Abers and Travers convince Cremer to fight, only for him to reveal that they only have one torpedo left in the stern. After passing on top of the enemy submarine to align the stern tubes with it, the crew uses the last torpedo to destroy the U-1221, but it doesn't detonate. The U-1221 fires another torpedo at the U-429 that doesn't cause any serious damage right before the Logan locates it with its sonar and fires its guns into the water, destroying the U-boat.

When Travers makes contact with the Logan, Captain Samuel Littleton (Ellis) orders Travers to take the Enigma. Travers falsifies that they're sinking and disconnects with the Logan, keeping his promise to Cremer to never let the U-429 be captured. The crew floods the boat and are rescued by the Logan.

Returning home, Travers confronts Kentz about the Germans saving their lives. Kentz says the Germans are still the enemy, but he'll do his best to have them taken care of. Travers and Rachel are reunited and they go visit Cremer in a POW compound, where Rachel thanks Cremer for saving her husband's life. Travers and Cremer share with each other about Jonas succeeding in saving the crew and that the war will soon be over and despite becoming prisoners, the Germans will go home for good. Travers gives Cremer cigarettes and tells him that it's good to see him before leaving and Cremer watches on.

Cast

 * William H. Macy as COB Nathan Travers
 * Til Schweiger as Captain Jonas Herdt
 * Scott Caan as Lieutenant-Commander Randall Sullivan
 * Thomas Kretschmann as 1st Watch Officer Ludwig Cremer
 * Lauren Holly as Rachel Travers
 * Clark Gregg as Executive Officer Teddy Goodman
 * Carmine Giovinazzo as Buck Cooper
 * Sam Huntington as Virgil Wright
 * Jeremy Sisto as Jason Abers
 * Ian Somerholder as Danny Miller
 * Branden Morgan as Benny Romano
 * Patrick Gallagher as Ox
 * Chris Ellis as Captain Samuel Littleton
 * Xander Berkeley as Admiral Kentz
 * Rene Heger as Klause
 * Connor Donne as Bauer
 * Sven-Ole Thorsen as Hans
 * A.J. Buckley as Medical Officer
 * Gavin Hood as Achilles Captain

Alternate titles

 * When the film was shown on Albanian television, it was given a title that translates as Underwater Prison in English, and had similar titles in some other countries' TV schedules U-429: Underwater Prison in Armenia.

Continuity Errors
The actual USS Swordfish was a Sargo-class submarine, while in the film, the boat was described as a Balao-class submarine, which was a much later model.

title: In Enemy Hands (film)


text:
User:Runescape-rares admin

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --Ashenai (talk) 19:17, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Runescape-rares admin


text:
User talk:Matthanson

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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speedy deletion
Please do not remove speedy deletion tags from articles you have created. Thanks! — Lomn | Talk / RfC 19:18, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

hello
i cant beleive you havent banned me yet, i screwed up so many pages, my phone number is 507-644-3767

Testing
Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed or reverted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Friday (talk) 19:49, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. – ABCD✉ 20:59, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Matthanson


text:
User talk:Misantropo

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 15:23, 16 July 2006 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Afd etiquette

 * Please don't blank Hector Acuña. If the outcome of the AFD debate is to delete it, it'll be removed. Meanwhile, leave the entry (you can edit it if you want) but don't blank it and don't remove the AFD notice. -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 19:18, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Colegio Franklin Delano Roosevelt, The American School of Lima
"If you are not famous you can still have a page about you" - that's true, but that's called a userpage. And the difference between a userpage and a Wikipedia article is that WP articles are encyclopedic and don't have links to editors, Wikipedia namespace pages etc., whereas user pages are about editors and how they work on WP. So basically, as User:Misantropo is about the Wikipedia editor, and Álvaro Proaño is about the founder of the TSA, linking the founder of the TSA is justified whereas linking the WP editor is not. If you're notable, sooner or later you'll have an article under Álvaro Proaño and in that case my revision is better, and if you're not notable then you shouldn't link yourself from WP articles. Regards, Zoz (t) 18:30, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

Request for edit summary
When editing an article on Wikipedia there is a small field labeled "Edit summary" under the main edit-box. It looks like this: The text written here will appear on the Recent changes page, in the page revision history, on the diff page, and in the watchlists of users who are watching that article. See m:Help:Edit summary for full information on this feature.

Filling in the edit summary field greatly helps your fellow contributors in understanding what you changed, so please always fill in the edit summary field, especially for big edits or when you are making subtle but important changes, like changing dates or numbers. Thank you. – Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 15:23, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

Talk:Do the Bartman
I have replied at the above talk page. I hope it answers your question. Cheers.  young  american (ahoy-hoy) 20:10, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Rate equation
It seems to me that your correction to rate equation (the derivative) was wrong as it was perfectly OK Knights who say ni 23:19, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Roosevelt peru picnic.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Roosevelt peru picnic.jpg. I notice the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this file yourself, then there needs to be a justification explaining why we have the right to use it on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you did not create the file yourself, then you need to specify where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the file also doesn't have a copyright tag, then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

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Wikiproject Peru
Hi, you might be interested in joining WikiProject Peru, we help expand Peru-related articles and take care of the Portal:Peru. Talk there, thanks. -- Walt e r Humala God   save him! (wanna Talk?) 15:12, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

Hi Misantropo, the article TSA Peru has been deleted. —Quarl (talk) 2007-02-26 08:13Z

New Ivy League
A "" template has been added to the article New Ivy League, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but yours may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Were you aware of the previous article at New Ivies? This is technically a speedy-deletion candidate since it is a re-creation of a previously deleted article. -- Rbellin|Talk 21:54, 10 June 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of New Ivy League
I've nominated New Ivy League, an article you created, for deletion. We appreciate your contributions, but in this particular case I do not feel that New Ivy League satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion; I have explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/New Ivy League and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of New Ivy League during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Cornell Rockey 04:01, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Roosevelt.JPG
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 11:24, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Upch.jpg
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Orphaned non-free media (Image:Roosevelt.JPG)
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Women in Red World Contest
Hi. We're into the last five days of the Women in Red World Contest. There's a new bonus prize of $200 worth of books of your choice to win for creating the most new women biographies between 0:00 on the 26th and 23:59 on 30th November. If you've been contributing to the contest, thank you for your support, we've produced over 2000 articles. If you haven't contributed yet, we would appreciate you taking the time to add entries to our articles achievements list by the end of the month. Thank you, and if participating, good luck with the finale!

Orphaned non-free image File:Upch.jpg
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Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 02:50, 25 April 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Misantropo


text:
Talk:Vegetation structure

I'm going to fold this into the Vegetation article, or else completely re-do it, within the next few days. If anyone has any objections, let me know asap. Jeeb 19:18, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

No response, proceeding to redirect.

Jeeb 17:55, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vegetation structure


text: User talk:69.183.127.84

title: User talk:69.183.127.84


text:
Freimarkt

Freimarkt (lit. Free Fair) in Bremen, Germany, first held in 1035, is one of the oldest fairs in Germany. With more than four million visitors each year, it is also considered to be the biggest funfairs in Northern Germany.

It is celebrated for 17 days in the last two weeks of October, somewhat extended from Friday to Sunday. The area covers approximately 100,000 square meters on two areas: the so-called "Kleiner Freimarkt" (lit. Small Free Fair) on the market square, and the main area at the "Bürgerweide" adjacent to the Main Station and the Exhibition Center.

The highlight is the "Freimarktsumzug" (lit. Free Fair Procession) held on the second Saturday of the festival. The traditional exclamation for the Freimarkt days, which is also referred to as the "fifth season", is: "Ischa Freimaak!", which can be translated as "It's Freimarkt!".

History
On 16 October 1035 Emperor Conrad II gave the "fair justice" to the city of Bremen. In the first centuries it was a free market for one day on 9 October. A showman with a carousel appeared for the first time in 1809.

Chronology

1035

Emperor Conrad II grants the right to hold a fair to Archbishop Bezelin

1404

The Roland, the stone landmark of the city of Bremen, is erected.

1450/1489

The so-called ‚Kundigen Rullen' granted by the city, limited the Freimarkt for all time to the period when ‚de banere up den markede styet', i.e. the special flag was hoisted to display the agreed market peace

17th century

The monastery’s oxen were used in a procession and two of them were sold in an auction for charity. This custom endured until 1896.

From 1700 to 1814

The fair began on 18 October every year

1793

Franz II is the last German Emperor who grants the Bremen merchants the right for the Freimarkt - as of this time, they decide themselves when they want to celebrate.

from 1800

With the Enlightenment, which freed life and customs of traditional formality, and the introduction of carousels and swings, the selling market transforms into an entertainment market.

1809

The first carousel turns on the Freimarkt - Operator: the restaurant owner, Wilhelm Pohlmann

from 1830

The Bremer Freimarkt develops into an attractive event far beyond the borders of Bremen. The city has to turn away market operators for the first time due to insufficient space.

from 1860

The market develops further on account of technology e.g. illumination: 1862 oil lamps are replaced by petroleum lamps, these then by gas lamps as of 1880, and four years later by electric lamps. The railway connects Vegesack, Bremerhaven, Oldenburg, Hannover and Hamburg.

1936

The Freimarkt, which had taken place at differing locations (Grünenkamp, Domshof, Hohenstorsplatz), gets a fixed location in the heart of Bremen: on the Bürgerweide.

1967

A procession on the second Saturday was organized. In this event some thousand people take part every year, forming more than 100 groups (for example marching bands). The procession passes the city hall, and in the afternoon the most beautiful, most unusual and imaginative groups get awards. Since the end of the 20th century the procession starts in the "Neustadt" (new city) of Bremen.

title: Freimarkt