text:
Pauline Roland

Pauline Roland (1805, Falaise, Calvados – 15 December 1852) was a French feminist and socialist.

Upon her mother's insistence, Roland received a good education and was introduced to the ideas of Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, the founder of French socialism, by one of her teachers. She became an enthusiastic supporter of his philosophy. Following her arrival in Paris in 1832, Roland began writing for early feminist papers and compiled a series of remarkable histories of France (1845), England (1838), and England, Scotland and Ireland (1845).

Roland was a close associate of Pierre Leroux and George Sand and she joined Leroux's community at Boussac (Indre) in 1847, where she worked in the school and wrote for l'Eclaireur de l'Indre. Roland lived for twelve years until 1845 in a "free union" with Jean Aicard, insisting that their two children, and a son whose father was Adolphe Guérolt, bear her name and be brought up by her. On Flora Tristan's death in 1844, she also undertook the care of her daughter Aline (later to be the mother of Paul Gauguin).

On Roland's return to Paris in December, she became active in feminist and socialist agitation and publications (the Voix des Femmes), notably with Jeanne Deroin and Desirée Gay. With Deroin and Gustave Lefrançais she established the Association of Socialist Teachers stressing the importance of equality of the sexes in an education program spanning the first eighteen years of life and of women staying in the work force. Roland then played a key role in convening the Union of Workers Associations.

In October 1849 delegates of over 100 trades elected Roland to the central committee. This attempt to resuscitate the cooperative movement in 1848 was suppressed by the government in April 1850, and Roland was one of fifty people arrested the following month. At her subsequent trial for her socialism, feminism and "debauchery," she was attacked vitriolically and then imprisoned for seven months, until July 1851. Undaunted, Roland was active in the Parisian resistance to the coup d'état of December and subsequently imprisoned in Algeria. She owed her early release to the intercession of Pierre-Jean de Béranger and George Sand however, on the way home to rejoin her children, she became ill owing to the harsh conditions she had endured in prison and died in Lyon on 15 December 1852.

title: Pauline Roland


text:
American Go Association

The American Go Association (AGA) was founded in 1935, to promote the board game of Go in the United States. Founded by chess master Edward Lasker and some friends at Chumley's restaurant in New York City, the AGA is one of the oldest Western Go associations.

The AGA publishes a weekly online newsletter that reaches more than 13,000 subscribers worldwide, The American Go E-Journal, and an annual Yearbook; maintains a national rating system; organizes an annual national event, The US Go Congress; selects North American representatives in international tournaments; and provides support to its members and chapters as they promote Go in their communities.

Events for youth have also been established, including tournaments and an annual AGA youth summer camp that features instruction from professional players. The AGA has developed a set of rules that attempts to reconcile difference between "area"-based rule sets and "territory"-based rule sets, and participates actively in an international committee, trying to establish a unified worldwide set of rules.

As a member of the International Go Federation, the AGA is the official organization responsible for managing and promoting Go in the United States.

Publicity and exposure
President Barack Obama's administration contacted the AGA for an American-made Go board etched with the presidential seal and signature, the gift given on November 17, 2009 to China's President Hu Jintao.

Whilst the US Go community were buzzing about getting exposure, and the BBC covered the event on its Newsnight programme, the US press did not really pick up the story, except the Chapel Hill Herald, the local paper where the board was made.

The association and its aim of finding the first professional American Go player were heavily featured in the 2018 movie The Surrounding Game.

Professional system
In December 2011, The AGA partnered with the Korea Baduk Association and the Korean Go server Tygem to promote a new professional players system for the US. Tygem agreed to sponsor and be the broadcaster for the 2012 professional certification tournament. In addition, several Asian professional tournaments have invited AGA professionals to compete.

In 2021, the AGA transferred its professional system to a new governing organization, the North American Go Federation, formed by the AGA and the Canadian Go Association. The certification system is open to both US citizens and Canadian citizens via invitation pending the residency requirement and qualifying as a finalist.

Professional players
Professional status in Go is customarily for life. The dates below indicate when the players were granted professional status.

 * 2012: Andy Liu 1p and Gansheng Shi 1p
 * 2014: Calvin Sun 2p
 * 2015: Ryan Li 3p
 * 2016: Eric Lui 1p
 * 2022 Kevin Yang 1p and Alexander Qi 1p

AGA City League
The City League is an AGA tournament where teams from different cities play each other in a league system, on the Pandanet server in the AGA room.

The teams consist of up to five players, out of whom three are selected to play in each round.

The current rules are listed on Pandanet.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: American Go Association


text:
Open (Shaznay Lewis album)

Open is the debut solo studio album by the English singer Shaznay Lewis, released by London Records on 19 July 2004. It was preceded by the single "Never Felt Like This Before" which entered the UK Singles Chart at number eight. The album received mixed reviews from critics and peaked at number 22 on the UK Albums Chart.

Critical reception
Open received mixed reviews from music critics upon release. Peter Robinson of The Observer believed the album had "a charm and warmth which always leads back to Lewis and her charismatic vocal style."  Evening Standard critic John Aizlewood wrote that it was "hardly the work of a major talent", but "a pleasant, perfectly serviceable pop album". Andy Gill of The Independent called the album "a considered and assured work, even if there's not, ultimately, much greater depth to it." The Guardian's Alexis Petridis commented that "the second Open ends, most of it immediately vanishes from the memory, leaving virtually no trace." John Mulvey of Dotmusic described Open as "frustratingly ordinary" and "like a Beverley Knight album for aspiring Notting Hill residents".

Track listing
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Open.

title: Open (Shaznay Lewis album)


text: Talk:Laurier station (Ottawa)

title: Talk:Laurier station (Ottawa)


text: Talk:University of Ottawa Heart Institute


text:
Talk:UOttawa station

"Campus station?"
That's a strange redirect. It doesn't have much to do with uOttawa, nor the O-Train. Aside from it being an LRT station located on the campus of uOttawa, it has no other direct relation to uOttawa station. I say... scrap it? And campus radio? What does that have to do with anything? Is it in relation to CKOU-FM? It is really strange placement for the redirect... Ifrenkel (talk) 05:07, 20 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:UOttawa station


text:
Mary Rotolo

Mary Teresa Pezzati Rotolo Bowes (January 28, 1910 – September 27, 1990) was an American writer and political activist. Her daughters were Carla and Suze Rotolo. Suze Rotolo was one of Bob Dylan's early girlfriends in New York City.

Early life
Mary Teresa Pezzati was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts, on January 28, 1910, the daughter of Italian immigrants Sisto Pezzati and his wife Cesarina (née Opizzi). Her older brother was Peter S. "Pietro" Pezzati, who was a noted American portrait painter.

While in Boston, Rotolo dated B. F. Skinner and was acquainted with Conlon Nancarrow, who later renounced his American citizenship because of his membership in the Communist Party. In the 1930s, she traveled to Spain supposedly to report on the Spanish Civil War. However, she was, in fact, working for the communists as a courier between Spain and Italy supplying American passports for Italian communists so they could leave Italy and join the International Brigades fighting in Spain. On her return, she went to New York City, where she wrote for various liberal newspapers.

Marriage and children
Mary was married three times. She first married Dominic Testa in Boston, Massachusetts, on March 28, 1933. On July 1, 1933 while taking a sailboat trip along the Eastern United States coast her husband fell overboard and drowned. His body was never recovered.

In March 1940, she married Joachim Rotolo in New York and they had two daughters, Carla and Susan (Suze). Mary and her husband were also friends with American writer Charles Flato who, it was discovered only in the 1990s, was a Soviet spy.

Joachim Rotolo died of a heart attack on February 18, 1958, before Suze met and lived with Bob Dylan in the early 1960s. When Mary's daughters knew Bob Dylan she thought very little of him and later remembered him as "a twerp" and informed Bob Dylan biographer Howard Sounes, that he had "green teeth", was not generous with money, and that his attitude left a lot to be desired adding: "I didn't trust him and I didn't like him and I certainly didn't want him living under the same roof as my daughter."

Rotolo married Dr. Frederick P. Bowes on January 8, 1962, in Hoboken, New Jersey. They moved to Santa Teresa di Gallura (Sardinia) where they lived most of their lives together. Rotolo predeceased her husband and died at Norwood Hospital in Norwood, Massachusetts, on September 27, 1990, from lung cancer.

Dylan said about his girlfriend Suze's mother: "Mary, though, who worked as a translator for medical journals, wasn't having it. Mary lived on the top floor of an apartment building on Sheridan Square and treated me like I had the clap. If she would have had her way, the cops would have locked me up. Suze's mom was a small feisty woman-volatile with black eyes like twin coals that could burn a hole through you, and was very protective. Always make you feel like you did something wrong. She thought I had a nameless way of life and would never be able to support anybody, but I think it went much deeper than that. I think I just came in at a bad time. She glared at me, cigarette in her mouth. She was always trying to goad me into some kind of argument. My presence was so displeasing to her, but it's not like I'd caused any trouble in her life. It wasn't me who was responsible for the loss of Suze's father or anything. Once I said to her that I didn't think she was being fair. She stared squarely into my eyes like she was staring at some distant, visible object and said to me, 'Do me a favor, don't think when I'm around.' Suze would tell me later that she didn't mean it. She did mean it, though. She did everything in her power to keep us apart, but we went on seeing each other anyway."

Mary Pezzati's concerns as to Dylan's character were realized to a certain extent when Suze Rotolo discovered that he was not only conducting an affair with Joan Baez, but also with a married woman, Sara Lownds and also expressed a desire to continue his relationship with Rotolo.

title: Mary Rotolo


text:
The Candyskins

The Candyskins were an English rock band formed in 1989 in Oxford, England. Though early members of the 'Oxford Scene', they enjoyed limited commercial success compared to their contemporaries Radiohead and Supergrass. They were considered by the British music press as one of the seminal early bands of the Britpop era. The band recorded four studio albums over a period of eight years before breaking up in 1998 and reuniting in 2009.

History
The band owes its origins to Mark and Nick Cope, Nick Burton and John Halliday all living in the same village, Islip, Oxfordshire, and attending the same local secondary school (Gosford Hill School) between around 1974 and 1980. The four Islip members of the band had begun working together by the time they left school and various line-ups and name-changes followed during the 1980s, until "The Candyskins" were formed in 1989, with Richard (mini) Brown on bass and banjo. After the successful release of the single "Submarine Song" in 1990, the band went into the studio to produce their first full-length album Space I'm In. The album included three singles: "Submarine Song", "She Blew Me Away" and "You Are Here". Brown left the band before the album was released.

After a year of touring and the replacement of a stand-in bass player with Karl Shale, the band released their second album Fun? on Geffen Records in 1993. Characteristically, the band attempted to build upon the US success of Space I'm In with an ironic album featuring songs about football and gardening. The poor selling record began an elongated legal dispute between the record company and the band, reportedly due to disagreements over songwriting royalties.

The album Sunday Morning Fever was released on Ultimate in the UK in 1997, and saw the band enjoy their biggest chart success with the single "Monday Morning" making it into the Top 40 of the UK Singles Chart. The record company went bankrupt and the band were left in limbo during the recording of their last album Death of a Minor TV Celebrity. The album did not do as well as their previous efforts, despite featuring the single "Feed It" which was one of the central songs on the soundtrack to the movie The Waterboy starring Adam Sandler.

Break-up
The band broke up in 1998 and members now primarily pursue other projects in the music industry. Mark Cope has a new band Nine Stone Cowboy, and has released several singles including "Jesus Doesn't Like Me". Nick Cope writes and records music for children and his own CBeebies show Nick Cope’s Popcast. John Halliday has produced many bands in his studio in Oxford, Shonk Studios.

Reformation
The band have reunited on several occasions since their break-up, fuelling rumours that they may one day reform. Notable public performances included:

A farewell gig on New Year's Eve, 2001 at The Zodiac.

The last night party of The Zodiac in Oxford on 17 May 2007. The event was filmed for a documentary about the history of the Oxford music scene, Anyone Can Play Guitar (in which The Candyskins featured). Over two thousand people attended the sold-out show. They also played at the Carling Academy, Oxford, in what was The Zodiac, on 8 August 2008.

They performed at the Truck Festival on 26 July 2009, on a bill that included old Oxford friends Supergrass, amongst others.

Line-up

 * Nick Cope – vocals
 * Nick Burton – guitar
 * Mark Cope – guitar
 * Brett Gordon – bass
 * Karl Shale – bass
 * John Halliday – drums

title: The Candyskins


text:
Talk:Carleton University Students' Association

Slates
I removed the comments about the slates as there were a number of independent candidates that were not mentioned.. and there is no need.. also corrected the information about the CURRENT executive.. Penner 15:39, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

CUSA's Disqualification of a Black President-Elect
Why has my addition of information regarding CUSA's recently disqualified black president been removed? CUSA has constantly proven that it does not believe in upholding democracy or enacting motions that address what students actually want, and this is another instance of it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by ARMY101 (talk • contribs) 03:17, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

This is a very serious charge. The information you provided is was not adequately sourced (i.e. notable third party references). Please keep this in mind if you wish to reinsert this.(Hyperionsteel (talk) 03:29, 26 February 2009 (UTC))

Understood. Thank you for the heads up. ARMY101 (talk) 15:38, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

I removed the first Black president of CUSA sentence. There were in fact Three other Black Presidents in CUSA two recent Black Presidents of CUSA were Joseph Bright in 2002 and Kim Bryce in 2003.--Pwranger (talk) 22:09, 19 March 2009 (UTC)http://magazine.carleton.ca/2004_Winter/1174.htm -Kim Bryce CUSA President 2003

Also since the information of Bruce being the first Black president is incorrect. The title then should be read "The Disqualification of a President elect"--Pwranger (talk) 22:15, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

Wikipedia isn't a directory
While I agree with Ardenn, I think the list of the current executive is not only important but vital to describing the Association.Penner
 * I must disagree with you here. It's not vital at all. It adds nothing to the article. Ardenn  05:57, 23 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I disagree Ardenn, with the constant change of executives having an updated list is very useful. In keeping with most elected organizations wikipedia usually does include a list. --Mrr1979 20:26, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

Anti-Choice
I am re-adding the anti-choice debate section to the article. The issue gained national attention, and forms an important part of the debate over the role of CUSA at the school.

Regarding the tagline next to Ollie's
Does that really need to be mentioned? -DanCBJMS via 134.117.168.234 04:14, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

Regarding Haven
When did CUSA run haven??? removed...74.12.232.245 (talk) 09:31, 26 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Since now. CUSA seals the deal on Haven --Padraic 19:38, 26 February 2008 (UTC)

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text: Talk:Carleton station

title: Talk:Carleton station


text:
Talk:CKCU-FM

Programs
I would like to have complete writeup pages on as many programs as possible, especially the long-running ones. I'm going to start by making stub pages for some of these programs. Please feel free to add a page and writeup for a show. cmh 07:20, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

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text:
Lost Lagoon

Lost Lagoon is an artificial 16.6-hectare (41 acre) body of water, west of Georgia Street, near the entrance to Stanley Park in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Surrounding the lake is a 1.75 km trail. The lake features a lit fountain that was erected by Robert Harold Williams to commemorate the city's golden jubilee. It is a nesting ground to many species of birds, including Canada geese, numerous species of duck such as mallard ducks, and great blue herons. Also many turtles are usually resident on the northern shore.

Naming
In the Squamish language, the name is Ch'ekxwa'7lech, meaning "gets dry at times". The English name for Lost Lagoon comes from a poem written by Pauline Johnson, who later explained her inspiration:

"I have always resented that jarring unattractive name [Coal Harbour] for years. When I first plied paddle across the gunwale of a light canoe and idled about the margin, I named the sheltered little cove Lost Lagoon. This was just to please my own fancy for, as that perfect summer month drifted on, the ever restless tides left the harbor devoid of any water at my favorite conoeing hour and my pet idling place was lost for many days; hence my fancy to call it Lost Lagoon."

The lake was officially named Lost Lagoon in 1922 by the park board, long after Johnson's death and, ironically, after the lagoon had been permanently lost after becoming landlocked.

History
The lake was created in 1916 by the construction of the Stanley Park causeway; until then, Lost Lagoon was a shallow part of Coal Harbour, which itself is an extension of Burrard Inlet. Native food gatherers used the low tide mudflats as a source for clams, and a midden on the north side indicates that a large dwelling once stood there. Prior to the construction of the causeway, settlers also built cabins around the lake, which were all removed between 1913 and 1916 during construction.

The lake was formerly populated with non-native mute swans, whose wing tendons were clipped to prevent escape and the introduction of a non-native species into the environment. This practice was eventually discontinued, and the last three remaining swans were moved to an animal sanctuary in 2016.

Development
When the causeway was first proposed in 1909, an intense public debate took place over the fate of the basin. As with most of the early controversies concerning the use of Stanley Park, organized labour was pitted against the more upper and middle class proponents of the City Beautiful movement. Trade union representatives argued that the majority working class population was in need of recreational facilities, while their opponents maintained that more aesthetic or ethereal considerations should take precedence in park development. The Vancouver Trades and Labour Council was adamantly opposed to the idea of an artificial lake, and argued for it to instead be filled in for use as a sports field. The park board retained the services of T. Mawson and Associates, an architectural landscaping firm that had designed the park's zoo and many other facilities in Stanley Park. The proposal the board settled on featured an artificial lake with a sports stadium on the northwest side and a large museum on the southwest shore. The $800,000 price tag, however, proved too steep for the board's budget, and the non-lake parts of the proposal were quashed.

The next phase in the lake's development came in 1929, when the saltwater pipes entering from Coal Harbour were shut off, turning it into a freshwater lake. The BC Fish and Game Protection Association was given permission to stock the lake with trout. The Stanley Park Flyfishing Association was formed, and charged members to fish in the lake, while the park board profited from the canoe and boat rentals. This came to an end in 1938 when the walkway around the lake was constructed and the area declared a bird sanctuary. Civic budgets were significantly reduced during the depression, but the park board benefited from the free labour of relief recipients, who were used to landscape Lost Lagoon.

The next controversy surrounding the lake followed the proposal for a fountain to be erected in the lake to coincide with the city's Golden Jubilee anniversary celebrations in 1936. For the mayor, it would be "a miracle of engineering," with the spray of water lit by virtually "limitless combinations" of colour. The public, in contrast, were not impressed by the proposal. Its $33,019.96 price tag was considered extremely frivolous in the midst of an economic crisis. As written in The Sunday Sun Edition of the Vancouver Sun Newspaper, Saturday, August 8. 1936. The lead story in the Magazine section is; SECRETS OF THE FOUNTAIN. It was the conception and idea of then, Chief Electrical Engineer, Robert Harold Williams with Hume and Rumble Ltd. electrical contractors. R.Harold Williams designed and supervised the erection of the Vancouver's Golden Jubilee fountain. After a business trip to Los Angeles he saw a fountain and thought this would be a great gift for the city for their up and coming birthday, Golden Jubilee celebration. To build the fountain, Lost Lagoon was drained. Seventy piles were driven into the mud. On these a concrete mat was laid. The fountain was built upon this mat. The work was of necessity rushed; it was done in a month. "The fountain is worthy of all the traditions of art, worthy of Vancouver's Golden Jubilee, and it will be a permanent, decorative joy in Stanley Park". "When operating, it is like a symphony concert, in motion and color instead of music, says Harold Williams, engineer, of Hume & Rumble Ltd., under whose personal supervision the work has been done." Vancouver's Jubilee Committee and private citizens who contributed are to be commended on their work in pushing for this beautiful fountain, which is sure to be one of the major attractions during the Golden Jubilee celebration. "We've had to hurry," says Mr. Williams," in that time 285 tons of cement have been utilized and all the special equipment was built." All equipment was built in Canada and the pumps were constructed in Vancouver. All union labor was employed. It was restored for Expo in 1986.

Lost Lagoon is a popular place for park users for strolling the perimeter trail and bird watching. On the southeast corner of the lake is the Lost Lagoon Nature House, an old boathouse that is now an interpretive centre for the Stanley Park Ecology Society. While rare in recent decades, Lost Lagoon can freeze during a cold spell, permitting public ice skating and ice hockey.

title: Lost Lagoon


text: File:LaliPuna-ScaryWorldTheory.jpg

title: File:LaliPuna-ScaryWorldTheory.jpg


text:
Talk:Plesetsk Cosmodrome

Coordinates
Concerning the placement of the Plesetsk Cosmodrome, the exact coordenates seems to be 62°55'32.00"N, 40°31'33.13"E.

 * Is this the project code named Object Angara?

Shorter names in Spaceport template

 * Regarding the template Spaceport used on this page, please join the discussion at Template talk:Spaceport.
 * (sdsds - talk) 23:20, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

Is the second sentence here redundant, or should otherwise be combined with the first sentence?

 * Plesetsk is not ideally suited for low inclination or geostationary launches because of its high latitude of 62 degrees north (as compared to the Guiana Space Centre at 5° north or the Kennedy Space Center at 28° 31′ north). In addition, the high latitude means that lift capacity for boosters launched from Plesetsk is slightly lower than Baikonur launches.

Jess_Riedel (talk) 18:44, 7 November 2018 (UTC)

Written by a Russian native speaker

 * And from 1964, on the basis of rocket connection started the establishment of research proving ground missiles and space weapons. Such conversion were the favourable geographical location and a significant number of systems already deployed by the end of 1964 were on duty, four launchers R-7A, seven PU P-16U, and three PU R-9A. Since then, the landfill has developed in two directions: rocket and space.

77.182.140.179 (talk) 00:16, 1 September 2022 (UTC)

Warmonger&Russia's President
Honourable President Putin: I found it strange that your warlords are unable to complete the task in grabbing the furtile&gasious landscape from a neighbouring country?

I am anxcious to hear about the outcome of this drone bombardment from the enemies side. 165.0.139.238 (talk) 16:19, 6 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Plesetsk Cosmodrome


text:
Kontagora

Kontagora is a major town on the south bank of the Kontagora River in north-west Niger State, Nigeria. It is the capital city of the Kontagora Emirate. The former Niger state governor, Alhaji Abubakar Sani Bello hails from Kontagora. On December 15, 1995, the Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Kontagora was established here. St Michael's Cathedral is the seat of the apostolic vicar.

History
Kontagora was founded by Umaru Nagwamatse, who after conquering a large amount of land owned by non-Muslim Kambaris. Umaru then set up Kontagora as the kingdom’s capital in 1864, making himself the first emir of Kontagora. Throughout Umaru’s rule, he greatly expanded the emirate. When his son Ibrahim Nagwamatse became emir in 1880, the emirates became notorious for slave-raids that left the area severely under-populated. This left the area with many abandoned villages, despite a state sponsored re-populated plan in between 1949-56. In 1899, Ibrahim captured the town of Birnin Gwari, causing the emirate of Zaria to get help from the British. Ibrahim threatened the British base in Jebba, causing the British to capture Kontagora city in 1901. When Ibrahim was reinstated as emir in 1903, his power was greatly reduced.

Climate
The temperature in the region fluctuates year-round, ranging from 58°F to 97°F, with occasional dips below 53°F or above 103°F.

title: Kontagora


text:
User talk:Guards~enwiki

Welcome!

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Guards~enwiki


text: Talk:Ottawa Fringe Festival

title: Talk:Ottawa Fringe Festival


text: Talk:Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival

title: Talk:Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival


text:
Talk:Ottawa Jazz Festival

Copyright review.
The entire history section is a close paraphrase of this site, so I removed it.-- SPhilbrick (Talk)  12:34, 4 May 2013 (UTC)

Lists of performers
The article, as it stands today, is significantly out of date (4 years, as a matter of fact). The list of performers is much too unwieldy, mostly because it shows the specific dates that the performers played. I recommend that somebody replace the tabular display with more simple lists.  PK T (alk)  13:34, 2 April 2018 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: https://ottawajazzfestival.com/history/. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.)

For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, and, if allowed under fair use, may copy sentences and phrases, provided they are included in quotation marks and referenced properly. The material may also be rewritten, providing it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Therefore, such paraphrased portions must provide their source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Pahunkat (talk) 16:38, 17 August 2021 (UTC)
 * I have converted this article to a one-sentence stub, due to copyright and promotion issues leaving nothing salvageable. If you have any issues, please contact me on my talk page. Best, Pahunkat (talk) 16:40, 17 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ottawa Jazz Festival


text:
Talk:Ottawa Bluesfest

notable
Mark Monahan doesn't seem to be notable in his own right and his page is mostly about Ottawa Bluesfest anyway; either he needs to be expanded on, or merged with this article. TCHJ3K 21:55, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

2011 stage collapse
Needs to be expanded on. The way it's written right now makes it seem like cheap trick finished their set then the stage got knocked down. I may do it later, it'd be nice to wait for more information as well. Skootles (talk) 03:10, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

 * So, which one of you got paid to whitewash this article free from info on the stage collapse? I can't be arsed to use WikiScanner to find out, but it's good to see that Bluesfest can afford to hire PR firms for truthiness services. - SmashTheState (talk) 04:32, 17 July 2012 (UTC)

 * No source citing that the stage collapse caused anyone to suffer from PTSD. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.219.152.164 (talk) 15:21, 26 August 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Ottawa Bluesfest


text: Talk:Ottawa International Children's Festival


text: Talk:Canada Dance Festival

title: Talk:Canada Dance Festival


text: User talk:81.153.67.155

title: User talk:81.153.67.155


text:
Talk:Smokey and the Bandit

Untitled
what was the snow man's dog named? Someone please settle this bet for me\ Rosco? jjklein4@aol.com thanks

Dog's name was Fred. You're welcome. -galation

Snowman's dog was named Fredrick. - neutral

Error?
There is an error. The scenes at the race track were filmed at the Nashville Speedway, not in Atlanta. The Tennessee State Fair Park there was made up to look like the Georgia State Fair Park, but it was actually filmed at the park in Nashville. You can see the old white wooden roller coaster, the Skyliner, in it clearly in a lot of the shots. I know it was shot there, because I was in Nashville when it was filmed. They wanted extras for the shoot and I almost went.

Actually, the Fairground and racetrack scenes were filmed at Lakewood Speedway/Lakewood Fairgrounds- I was there. Check out the photos at http://www.atlantatimemachine.com/smokey/thumbnails.htm. The Greyhound at Lakewood was the old wooden rollercoaster (demolished on film for the second movie.) Deelzbub May 2008

 * Actually, there is no source referenced for either of those claims so it shouldn't be in the article...OR preferrably you should provide a source like this source (but without the spaces)74.92.180.145 (talk) 15:11, 21 July 2010 (UTC)

- If the article is accurate, perhaps there should be some mention that the Bandit's payment for his beer run amounts to $8 per beer ($26 in today's dollars). Even given a dearth of Coors on the east coast, this would dictate an extremely unrealistic price. Was this also part of a bet, or was there some other plot reason for this high payment? NTK 15:42, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Coors was unavailable for sale in Georgia at the time the film was made. It had just become available as far East as Texas. Big and Little Enos wanted the beer and had enough money to pay whatever price was demanded for it but that wasn't really the point of having Bandit go get it for them. What they wanted was for him to fail, lose the bet, and look bad. Uncle Bubba (talk) 18:06, 30 October 2012 (UTC)

I added a little more thorough explanation in the plot section about why Coors was unavailable. I added a longer section explaining it underneath all the information about the cars. I cited a couple sources.Planeis (talk) 17:59, 21 November 2012 (UTC)

The Kenworth.
SHouldn't there be mention made of the Kenworth truck in the film? A long time ago I read on an internet website (I think it was "nitpick.com" or something similar where it said that a total of three trucks and two trailers were used for the film.

Also, it would be interesting to note where these trucks are today, if they even still exist. The truck is just as important a character, if not more so, in the film as the Trans Am was, IMOSrosenow 98 12:34, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Definitely, if you've got some verifiable information on the trucks that would be good. --Robert Merkel 04:30, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

Pontiac never produced a "Bandit Edition" Fire Bird TA. There was a "Bandit Edition" TA made by a company called Trans Am specialties in 1981 and it was made from 1981 stock Firebirds. There was an article in Motor Trend magazine in June of 1981 about this "Bandit Edition".

 * Well, if you could fix it, and add a reference to your magazine, that would be really great, thanks. --Robert Merkel 04:30, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

"Mistakes" section
I believe the "Mistakes" section ought to be deleted. Goofs are unencyclopedic trivia. No matter how interesting they are, they have no place in a serious encyclopedia (which is what Wikipedia strives to be). Remember, Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. Furthermore, as they are not published in any reliable sources, they count as original research. The section's got to go, period. (By the way, one user has claimed that I am "POV-pushing" in saying this section has to go. That is incorrect. "POV-pushing" is a term used to describe articles or sections that tend to favor one viewpoint over another and are thus biased.) --Hnsampat 18:15, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

"East Bound and Down" redirect
I believe the "East Bound and Down" redirect to "Smokey and the Bandit" should be removed, given the forthcoming HBO show of the same name. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Homerbklyn (talk • contribs) 16:25, 17 December 2008 (UTC)

Actually, there is a difference, which as of 18 February Wikipedia has not corrected in the name of its Title Page. The HBO show is correctly titled Eastbound & Down. "Eastbound" is one word. "East Bound" is two words. Glenn L (talk) 16:46, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

I imagine that a disambiguation page could be useful here. Though there are only two uses, a disambiguation link at the top would not make much sense, as the article is on Smokey and the Bandit and there is only a section on the soundtrack.--Unclebanglin (talk) 21:27, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

east bound and down should absolutely NOT direct to this site. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.244.116.100 (talk) 16:07, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Remake Section?
I've been doing some research ever since reading this page, and I can't find any evidence for this fact anywhere. Should it be deleted? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.2.170.12 (talk) 09:18, 25 March 2010 (UTC)

 * The closest evidence I can find of a remake is this about a planned film called Trucker, "pegged as an updated take on Smokey and the Bandit". There is nothing about a direct remake, though, so the information appears false.  (It can happen sometimes, unfortunately.)  I'll remove the section.   Thanks for the heads-up! Erik (talk) 14:37, 25 March 2010 (UTC)

"Diablo sandwich"
I wrote the "Diablo sandwich" section -- and its pretty awful, grammatically. I think this is of reasonable interest, but....well, I'm either going to rewrite it, or, if someone else cares to un-sloppify my writing, I'd be glad to see it. Also, I still want to know what a Diablo sandwich is ;) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.235.56.24 (talk) 10:13, 20 April 2011 (UTC)

 * With all due respect (and any SATB trivia is good in my book), I don't really feel this fits a Wikipedia article. It would be a fun addition to a fan website, but as a hardcore Smokey fan for all of my 33 years, I personally wouldn't say it was one of the key points of the movie. =) Jay Firestorm (talk) 21:09, 11 May 2011 (UTC)

I'll grant you that, but -- let me put it this way: I first saw this movie about two years ago. I've been hearing debates about "Diablo sandwich" -- many, and frequent -- since I joined the Straight Dope board circa 1999...and its since become a minor legend (particularly in the south). Namely, everyone swears they've had one, or they saw it on a diner menu, or...etc. I'll grant that it may well not warrant its own subheading (in fact -- hehe, realistically, yes, it almost certainly doesn't) -- but perhaps a general category on "Popular Culture"? I'm of the impression (correct me if I'm wrong) that this movie had a HUGE influence on the "CB craze", for example; similarly, was not this the originator (along with the song "Convoy"?) of the "trucker-as-American-hero" asthetic? I could see putting all that -- and the Diablo sandwich -- together under a broader "effect on pop culture" banner. Thoughts? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.186.152.160 (talk) 02:41, 13 May 2011 (UTC)

dry counties
"Also, Texarkana, Texas, is located in a dry county, preventing Coors or any other alcoholic beverage from being sold there"

 * While it is true that Texarkana is in a dry county preventing retail beer sales, its still possible for distributors to maintain warehouses in the county containing beer along the lines of what was seen in the film. Warehousing for distribution purposes is totally different than retail sales. 70.234.227.164 (talk) 05:43, 19 April 2013 (UTC)

1800 miles!
I haven't seen the film in quite a while ... and the article doesn't mention any particular place in Georgia, which is a fairly wide state. Do they actually make particular mention that the start/finish line is in Atlanta story-wise, as well as having been filmed there? Or might Atlanta be subbing in for, say, Savannah? (A rather convenient 900 miles from Texarkana!)

That or maybe there wasn't a decent continuous direct interstate between the two states at the time and you'd have to take a considerable detour to avoid lots of hold-ups that'd delay you even more? I do recall at least a few sequences where they're driving on relatively narrow, curving country roads rather than arrow straight divided freeways. 193.63.174.211 (talk) 08:18, 19 June 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Sally Field casting
https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/burt-reynolds-sally-field-she-180715846.html

Majinsnake (talk) 00:03, 16 March 2018 (UTC)

Coors Beer Section Needs Work
The passage about Coors beer and why it was not available east of Oklahoma is flawed. I have worked in the alcohol industry for 30 years. NO major commercial beer contains compounds that we would identify as stabilizers and preservatives. There is no need. The alcohol in beer (even though it is low) and the hops used in production serve as preservatives. There is no such thing as a "stabilizer" in beer production. Later in the paragraph "additives" are referred to instead of "stabilizers." This furthers the confusion. Additives to beer would not influence shelf life. They would influence- clarity, water ph, flavor, bittering, and a host of other issues. Beer will not pose a health risk if it is not consumed within a few weeks, so I don't think spoiling is the right word. It is possible that Coors was susceptible to picking up a skunky flavor if it was not kept within a strict temperature range, but this is a separate issue and not spoilage. Light lager beers can be vulnerable to this flavor shift and I imagine that Coors didn't really want to market this, so instead advertised their lack of preservatives (a claim that every other brewery could make). I think the 1970's article referenced is probably not very accurate and therefore misleading. The real reason that Coors was not being distributed to the east had nothing to do with preservatives and more to do with wholesale distributors. The famous people bringing back Coors to the east are not beating spoilage so much as extending the brand's range. You can't get it in the Carolina's so it is more valuable. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.45.62.9 (talk) 03:36, 7 September 2018 (UTC)
 * The American brewing industry and associated liquor laws are incomprehensible to anybody outside the US. Most people don't appreciate that this movie is about a beer distribution dispute, which would be inconceivable anywhere else. The rest of the world sees it as a lightweight road movie. Yee-ha! The Dukes of Hazzard cast a long shadow. --Ef80 (talk) 19:49, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

Blusterous ?
Well, okay, but when I was at school we would have used ‘blustering’ to describe a personality like Justice’s. Different now in Trump’s America, I guess. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:44B8:3102:BB00:D44F:B85E:8DD:BFFD (talk) 06:38, 6 November 2019 (UTC)

Beer role
Re: Legal status of Coors beer In 1977, Coors was unavailable for sale east of Oklahoma.

But why? Not explained. Zezen (talk) 05:51, 6 July 2020 (UTC)

Oh, only now I read this above: The American brewing industry and associated liquor laws are incomprehensible to anybody outside the US. Most people don't appreciate that this movie is about a beer distribution dispute...

Indeed. So let us explain this "bootlegging".

Zezen (talk) 05:54, 6 July 2020 (UTC)

First Television Broadcast Date
In the section about television broadcasts, it says something like "When the movie was first broadcast on television in the early 1980s...." This is wrong. I think it was first broadcast in early 1979. I have some film negatives, (the complete roll of film), where I took pictures of the television screen during the first broadcast of Smokey And The Bandit. Later on in that same roll, I have some screenshots of Battlestar Galactica, which premiered during the new fall season in late 1978. Since Battlestar Galactica actually only lasted one season, under no circumstances could these shots have been taken later than 1979. And the Battlestar Galactica screenshots are not of Galactica 1980, but the original Battlestar Galactica. I've been trying to put an exact date to this roll of film, but all internet sources seem to have it wrong. I did see a promo on You Tube about it's television premiere being in 1979 on a Sunday night for NBC's Big Event. Now, if only somebody had the show logs from NBC, an actual date for it's first broadcast could be made. I hope this helps. HaarFager (talk) 08:54, 23 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Smokey and the Bandit


text: Talk:Fitzroy Township

title: Talk:Fitzroy Township


text: Talk:Gloucester Township, Ontario

title: Talk:Gloucester Township, Ontario


text:
Talk:Battle of Sangju (1592)

Japanese army of Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Hi LordAmeth Konishi Yukinaga was the commander of one the eight Japanese divisions of Toyotomi Hideyoshi army... it will be more accurate to noticed Japanese First Division on the battlebox instead of Japanese army of Toyotomi Hideyoshi won't be?Whlee 22:42, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "Army of Toyotomi Hideyoshi" may give the wrong impression as to how many divisions were involved, but it gives important and relevant information as to whose army this is.

You're welcome to do with it what you wish, but most people reading the article (including myself) won't know what "Japanese First Division" means. And besides, the format for battleboxes seems to be to name the more general combatants, i.e. the countries at war. A battle of the US Civil War would be labeled "Union" vs "Confederacy", not "3rd Artillery Regiment, Third Division" vs "5th Infantry Company, 12th Division". These kinds of details, while accurate, are not helpful. LordAmeth 02:26, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Date
Hi. The date provided in the article is according to the lunar calendar (4m 24d). Does anyone know the date according to gregorian calendar? --Rage against (talk) 17:45, 6 November 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Battle of Sangju (1592)


text:
Chiral auxiliary

In stereochemistry, a chiral auxiliary is a stereogenic group or unit that is temporarily incorporated into an organic compound in order to control the stereochemical outcome of the synthesis. The chirality present in the auxiliary can bias the stereoselectivity of one or more subsequent reactions. The auxiliary can then be typically recovered for future use.

General scheme for employing a chiral auxiliary in asymmetric synthesis

Most biological molecules and pharmaceutical targets exist as one of two possible enantiomers; consequently, chemical syntheses of natural products and pharmaceutical agents are frequently designed to obtain the target in enantiomerically pure form. Chiral auxiliaries are one of many strategies available to synthetic chemists to selectively produce the desired stereoisomer of a given compound.

Chiral auxiliaries were introduced by Elias James Corey in 1975 with chiral 8-phenylmenthol and by Barry Trost in 1980 with chiral mandelic acid. The menthol compound is difficult to prepare and as an alternative trans-2-phenyl-1-cyclohexanol was introduced by J. K. Whitesell in 1985.

Asymmetric synthesis
Chiral auxiliaries are incorporated into synthetic routes to control the absolute configuration of stereogenic centers. David A. Evans' synthesis of the macrolide cytovaricin, considered a classic, utilizes oxazolidinone chiral auxiliaries for one asymmetric alkylation reaction and four asymmetric aldol reactions, setting the absolute stereochemistry of nine stereocenters.

Cytovaricin, synthesized by D. A. Evans in 1990. Blue and red bonds indicate stereocenters set with the use of chiral auxiliaries.

A typical auxiliary-guided stereoselective transformation involves three steps: first, the auxiliary is covalently coupled to the substrate; second, the resulting compound undergoes one or more diastereoselective transformations; and finally, the auxiliary is removed under conditions that do not cause racemization of the desired products. The cost of employing stoichiometric auxiliary and the need to spend synthetic steps appending and removing the auxiliary make this approach appear inefficient. However, for many transformations, the only available stereoselective methodology relies on chiral auxiliaries. In addition, transformations with chiral auxiliaries tend to be versatile and very well-studied, allowing the most time-efficient access to enantiomerically pure products. Furthermore, the products of auxiliary-directed reactions are diastereomers, which enables their facile separation by methods such as column chromatography or crystallization.

8-phenylmenthol
In an early example of the use of a chiral auxiliary in asymmetric synthesis, E. J. Corey and coworkers conducted an asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction between (−)-8-phenylmenthol acrylate ester and 5-benzyloxymethylcyclopentadiene. The cycloaddition product was carried forward to the iodolactone shown below, an intermediate in the classic Corey synthesis of the prostaglandins. It is proposed that the back face of the acrylate is blocked by the auxiliary, so that cycloaddition occurs at the front face of the alkene.

Diastereoselective Diels-Alder cycloaddition with the chiral auxiliary (−)-8-phenylmenthol in route to the prostaglandins

(−)-8-phenylmenthol can be prepared from either enantiomer of pulegone, though neither route is very efficient. Because of the widespread utility of the 8-phenylmenthol auxiliary, alternative compounds that are more easily synthesized, such as trans-2-phenyl-1-cyclohexanol and trans-2-(1-pheyl-1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol have been explored.

1,1’-Binaphthyl-2,2’-diol (BINOL)
1,1’-Binaphthyl-2,2’-diol, or BINOL, has been used as chiral auxiliary for the asymmetric synthesis since 1983. Hisashi Yamamoto first utilized (R)-BINOL as a chiral auxiliary in the asymmetric synthesis of limonene, which is an example of cyclic mono-terpenes. (R)-BINOL mononeryl ether was prepared by the monosilylation and alkylation of (R)-BINOL as the chiral auxiliary. Followed with the reduction by organoaluminum reagent, limonene was synthesized with low yields (29% yield) and moderate enantiomeric excesses up to 64% ee. The preparation of a variety of enantiomerically pure uncommon R-amino acids can be achieved by the alkylation of chiral glycine derivatives possessing axially chiral BINOL as an auxiliary. It has been depicted by Fuji et al. Based on different electrophile, the diastereomeric excess varied from 69% to 86. Protected at the aldehyde function with (R)-BINOL, reacted diastereoselectively with Grignard reagents to afford protected atrolactaldehyde with moderate to excellent diastereomeric excess and high yields.

BINOL was also used as a chiral auxiliary to control the formation of a P-stereocenter in an asymmetric metal-catalyzed C-P coupling process. Mondal et al. discovered that the Pd-catalysed C-P cross-coupling reaction between axially chiral BINOL-based phosphoramidites and aryl halides or triflates proceeds with excellent stereoselectivity due to the presence of BINOL near the reacting P center.

trans-2-Phenylcyclohexanol
One type of chiral auxiliary is based on the trans-2-phenylcyclohexanol motif as introduced by James K. Whitesell and coworkers in 1985. This chiral auxiliary was used in ene reactions of the derived ester of glyoxylic acid. In the total synthesis of (−)-heptemerone B and (−)-guanacastepene E, attached with trans-2-phenylcyclohexanol, the glyoxylate reacted with 2,4-dimethyl-pent-2-ene, in the presence of tin(IV) chloride, yielding the desired anti adduct as the major product, together with a small amount of its syn isomer with 10:1 diastereomeric ratio. For even greater conformational control, switching from a phenyl to a trityl group gives trans-2-tritylcyclohexanol (TTC). In 2015, the Brown group published an efficient chiral permanganate-mediated oxidative cyclization with TTC.

Oxazolidinones
Oxazolidinone auxiliaries, popularized by David A. Evans, have been applied to many stereoselective transformations, including aldol reactions, alkylation reactions, and Diels-Alder reactions. The oxazolidinones are substituted at the 4 and 5 positions. Through steric hindrance, the substituents direct the direction of substitution of various groups. The auxiliary is subsequently removed e.g. through hydrolysis.

Preparation
Oxazolidinones can be prepared from amino acids or readily available amino alcohols. A large number of oxazolidinones are commercially available, including the four below.

Some of the commercially available oxazolidinone chiral auxiliaries

Acylation of the oxazolidinone is achieved by deprotonation with n-butyllithium and quench with an acyl chloride.

Acylation of a chiral oxazolidinone with propanoyl chloride

Alkylation reactions
Deprotonation at the α-carbon of an oxazolidinone imide with a strong base such as lithium diisopropylamide selectively furnishes the (Z)-enolate, which can undergo stereoselective alkylation.

Alkylation of an oxazolidinone imide with benzyl bromide

Activated electrophiles, such as allylic or benzylic halides, are very good substrates.

Aldol reactions
Chiral oxazolidinones have been employed most widely in stereoselective aldol reactions.

Soft enolization with the Lewis acid dibutylboron triflate and the base diisopropylethylamine gives the (Z)-enolate, which undergoes a diastereoselective aldol reaction with an aldehyde substrate. The transformation is particularly powerful because it establishes two contiguous stereocenters simultaneously.

Stereoselective Evans aldol reaction

A model for the observed stereoselectivity can be found below. The syn-stereo relationship between the methyl group and the new secondary alcohol results from a six-membered ring Zimmerman-Traxler transition state, wherein the enolate oxygen and the aldehyde oxygen both coordinate boron. The aldehyde is oriented such that the hydrogen is placed in a pseudo-axial orientation to minimize 1,3-diaxial interactions. The absolute stereochemistry of the two stereocenters is controlled by the chirality in the auxiliary. In the transition structure, the auxiliary carbonyl is oriented away from the enolate oxygen so as to minimize the net dipole of the molecule; one face of the enolate is blocked by the substituent on the chiral auxiliary.

Model for the stereoselectivity of an Evans aldol reaction

Removal
A variety of transformations have been developed to facilitate removal of the oxazolidinone auxiliary to generate different synthetically useful functional groups.

Transformation of an oxazolidinone imide to different functional groups

Camphorsultam
Camphorsultam, or Oppolzer's sultam, is a classic chiral auxiliary. In the total synthesis of manzacidin B, Ohfune group utilized camphorsultam to construct the core oxazoline ring asymmetrically. Comparing with oxazolidinone as the chiral auxiliary, camphorsultam had a significant (2S,3R)-selectivity. Camphorsultam also acts as a chiral auxiliary in Michael addition. Lithium base promoted stereoselective Michael addition of thiols to N-mcthacryloylcamphorsultam produced the corresponding addition products in high diastereoselectivity. Camphorsultam was used as a chiral auxiliary for the asymmetric Claisen rearrangement. In the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) used as a radical scavenger, a toluene solution of the adduct between geraniol and camphorsultam was heated in a sealed tube at 140 °C, to provide mainly the (2R,3S)-isomer as the major rearrangement product in 72% yield, securing the two contiguous stereocenters including the quaternary carbon.

Pseudoephedrine and pseudoephenamine
Both (R,R)- and (S,S)-pseudoephedrine can be used as chiral auxiliaries. Pseudoephedrine is reacted with a carboxylic acid, acid anhydride, or acyl chloride to give the corresponding amide.

The α-proton of the carbonyl compound is easily deprotonated by a non-nucleophilic base to give the enolate, which can further react. The configuration of the addition compound, such as with an alkyl halide, is directed by the methyl group. Thus, any addition product will be syn with the methyl and anti to the hydroxyl group. The pseudoephedrine chiral auxiliary is subsequently removed by cleaving the amide bond with an appropriate nucleophile.

Preparation
Both enantiomers of pseudoephedrine are commercially available. Racemic pseudoephedrine has many medical uses. Because pseudoephedrine can be used to illegally make methamphetamine, the purchase of pseudoephedrine for use in academic or industrial research is rather regulated. As an alternative, Myers et al. reported the utility of pseudoephenamine chiral auxiliaries in alkylation reactions. While pseudoephenamine is not readily available from commercial sources, it can be synthesized with relative ease from benzil and cannot be used to make amphetamines. Pseudoephedrine and pseudoephenamine chiral auxiliaries

Pseudoephedrine amides are typically prepared by acylation with an acyl chloride or anhydride.

Acylation of (S,S)-psueodphedrine with an acid anhydride

Alkylation
Pseudoephedrine amides undergo deprotonation by a strong base such as lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) to give the corresponding (Z)-enolates. Alkylation of these lithium enolates proceeds with high facial selectivity.

Diastereoselective alkylation of a pseudoephedrine amide

The diastereoselectivity is believed to result from a configuration wherein one face of the lithium enolate is blocked by the secondary lithium alkoxide and the solvent molecules associated with that lithium cation. In accordance with this proposal, it has been observed that the diastereoselectivity of the alkylation step is highly dependent on the amount of lithium chloride present and on the solvent, tetrahydrofuran (THF). Typically, 4 to 6 equivalents of lithium chloride are sufficient to saturate a solution of enolate in THF at the reaction molarity.

Model for the diastereoslective alkylation of a pseudoephedrine amide enolate

One primary advantage of asymmetric alkylation with pseudoephedrine amides is that the amide enolates are typically nucleophilic enough to react with primary and even secondary halides at temperatures ranging from –78 °C to 0 °C. Construction of quaternary carbon centers by alkylation of α-branched amide enolates is also possible, though the addition of DMPU is necessary for less reactive electrophiles.

Removal
Conditions have been developed for the transformation of pseudoephedrine amides into enantiomerically enriched carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones - after cleavage, the auxiliary can be recovered and reused.

Transformation of pseudoephedrine amides into synthetically useful functional groups

tert-Butanesulfinamide
This specific sulfinamide chiral auxiliary was initially developed by Jonathan A. Ellman, and its use has been explored extensively by his group. Thus, it is often referred to as Ellman's auxiliary or Ellman's sulfinamide.

The two possible enantiomers of tert-butanesulfinamide

Preparation
Either enantiomer of tert-butanesulfinamide can be reached from tert-butyl disulfide in two steps: a catalytic asymmetric oxidation reaction gives the disulfide oxidation product (thiosulfinate) in high yield and enantiomeric excess. Treatment of this compound with lithium amide in ammonia affords optically pure inverted product.

Synthesis of tert-butanesulfinamide from readily available chemicals

Condensation of tert-butanesulfinamide with an aldehyde or ketone proceeds in high yield and affords only the (E)-isomer of the corresponding N-sulfinyl imines.

Condensation of tert-butanesulfinamide with aldehydes and ketones

Synthesis of chiral amines
Addition of a Grignard reagent to a tert-butanesulfinyl aldimine or ketimine results in asymmetric addition to give the branched sulfinamide. The observed stereoselectivity can be rationalized by a six-membered ring transition structure, wherein both oxygen and nitrogen of the sulfinyl imine coordinate magnesium.

Addition of a Grignard reagent to a tert-butanesulfinyl aldimine

Removal
The auxiliary can be removed from the desired amine by treatment with hydrochloric acid in protic solvents.

Acidic cleavage of the sulfinamide auxiliary

SAMP/RAMP
Alkylation reactions of chiral (S)-1-amino-2-methoxymethylpyrrolidine (SAMP) and (R)-1-amino-2-methoxymethylpyrrolidine (RAMP) hydrazones were developed by Dieter Enders and E.J. Corey.

Preparation
SAMP can be prepared in six steps from (S)-proline, and RAMP can be prepared in six steps from (R)-glutamic acid.

Preparation of SAMP and RAMP from commercially available materials.

Alkylation reactions
Condensation of SAMP or RAMP with an aldehyde or ketone affords the (E)-hydrazine. Deprotonation with lithium diisopropylamide and addition of an alkyl halide affords the alkylated product. The auxiliary can be removed by ozonolysis or hydrolysis.

Condensation, alkylation, and cleavage with SAMP/RAMP chiral auxiliaries

Chiral auxiliaries in industry
Chiral auxiliaries are generally reliable and versatile, enabling the synthesis of a large number of enantiomerically pure compounds in a time-efficient manner. Consequently, chiral auxiliaries are often the method of choice in the early phases of drug development.

Tipranavir
The HIV protease inhibitor Tipranavir is marketed for the treatment of AIDS. The first enantioselective medicinal chemistry route to Tipranavir included the conjugate addition of an organocuprate reagent to a chiral Michael acceptor. The chiral oxazolidinone in the Michael acceptor controlled the stereochemistry of one of two stereocenters in the molecule. The final, commercial route to Tipranavir does not feature a chiral auxiliary; instead, this stereocenter is set by an asymmetric hydrogenation reaction.

Synthetic strategies for setting a key stereocenter in Tipranavir

Atorvastatin
The calcium salt of atorvastatin is marketed under the trade name Lipitor for the lowering of blood cholesterol. The first enantioselective medicinal chemistry route to atorvastatin relied on a diastereoselective aldol reaction with a chiral ester to set one of the two alcohol stereocenters. In the commercial route to atorvastatin, this stereocenter is carried forward from the readily available food additive isoascorbic acid.

Synthetic strategies for setting a key stereocenter in atorvastatin

title: Chiral auxiliary


text:
Peggy Kornegger

Peggy Kornegger is an American writer. In the 1970s she identified herself as an anarcha-feminist, and was an editor of the American feminist magazine The Second Wave. Her article "Anarchism: The Feminist Connection" (1975) was reprinted as a booklet in New York City and London in 1977, translated into Italian for a journal in Italy, and included in the book Reinventing Anarchy in 1979. Her book Living with Spirit, Journey of a Flower Child was published in 2009.

title: Peggy Kornegger


text:
Talk:Goulbourn Township, Ontario

2006 census
Goulbourn's population isn't independently reported by the Canadian Census anymore...2006 census figure is calculated by summing all of Goulbourn's component census tracts. Marathone 09:25, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Goulbourn Township, Ontario


text:
Alamance-Burlington School System

The Alamance-Burlington School System is a school district covering Alamance County and the city of Burlington in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It was created in July 1996 by merging the respective systems of the county and city.

For the school year of 2020-2021 it had 23,148 students (NC's 14th largest system) in 38 schools.

High Schools

 * Alamance-Burlington Early/Middle College
 * Alamance Virtual School
 * Career and Technical Education Center
 * Hugh M Cummings High School
 * Eastern Alamance High School
 * Graham High School
 * Ray Street Academy
 * Southeast Alamance High School
 * Southern Alamance High School
 * Western Alamance High School
 * Walter M. Williams High School

Middle Schools

 * Alamance Virtual School
 * Broadview Middle School
 * Graham Middle School
 * Hawfields Middle School
 * Turrentine Middle School
 * Western Alamance Middle School
 * Woodlawn Middle School
 * Southern Middle School

Elementary Schools

 * Alamance Virtual School
 * Alexander Wilson Elementary School
 * Altamahaw-Ossipee Elementary School
 * Andrews Elementary School
 * B Everett Jordan Elementary School
 * Eastlawn Elementary School
 * Elon Elementary School
 * EM Holt Elementary School
 * EM Yoder Elementary School
 * Garrett Elementary School
 * Grove Park Elementary School
 * Haw River Elementary School
 * Highland Elementary School
 * Hillcrest Elementary School
 * Newlin Elementary School
 * North Graham Elementary School
 * Pleasant Grove Elementary School
 * Smith Elementary School
 * South Graham Elementary School
 * South Mebane Elementary School
 * Sylvan Elementary School

title: Alamance-Burlington School System


text: Talk:Huntley Township, Ontario

title: Talk:Huntley Township, Ontario


text:
Talk:Battle of Peebles' Farm

External links modified
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title: Talk:Battle of Peebles' Farm


text: Talk:Marlborough Township, Ontario

title: Talk:Marlborough Township, Ontario


text:
Talk:Osgoode Township

2006 census
Osgoode's population isn't independently reported by the Canadian Census anymore...2006 census figure is calculated by summing all of Osgoode's component census tracts. Marathone 09:25, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Osgoode Township


text: User talk:82.24.140.202

title: User talk:82.24.140.202


text: Talk:March Township, Ontario

title: Talk:March Township, Ontario


text: Talk:Battle of Boydton Plank Road

title: Talk:Battle of Boydton Plank Road


text:
Sigma Aquilae

Sigma Aquilae, Latinized from σ Aquilae, is the Bayer designation for a binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Aquila. The baseline apparent magnitude of the pair is +5.17, which, according to the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale, is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye from suburban skies. Because of the Earth's orbit about the Sun, this system has an annual parallax shift of $1.95 d$. This provides a distance estimate of approximately 780 ly.

Sigma Aquilae is a double-lined spectroscopic binary system consisting of two massive B-type main sequence stars; each has a stellar classification of B3 V. They are detached components, which means the two stars are sufficiently distant from each other that neither fills its Roche lobe.

Because the orbital plane lies close to the line of sight with the Earth, they form an eclipsing binary system. The two components are each distorted by the gravity of the other star, and their shapes mean that the magnitude of the star system varies constantly even outside of the eclipses, an arrangement known as a Beta Lyrae variable. The brightness of the pair decreases during each eclipse, which occurs with a frequency determined by their orbital period of 1.95026 days. During the eclipse of the primary component the net magnitude decreases by 0.20 to 5.37; the eclipse of the secondary component results in a magnitude decrease of 0.10 to 5.27.

title: Sigma Aquilae


text:
Talk:Gas attacks at Hulluch

Requested move
The only source that lists this as the "Battle of Hulluch" is derived from wikipedia. The attack lasted three days and only spanned a divisional front, so it pales in comparison to the Battle of the Somme, for example. It is, however, notable for being a gas attack. So I'm suggesting that this page be renamed to Gas attack at Hulluch. — RJH (talk) 14:05, 10 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Will this article need to then be removed from the battle categories Category:Battles of the Western Front (World War I), Category:Battles involving Germany and Category:Battles involving the United Kingdom? Ewlyahoocom 07:10, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

Lead
If you leave the lead as it is there's a four line paragraph followed by an eight line and a five line paragraph. I prefer them to have an equal number of lines. Keith-264 (talk) 12:12, 22 March 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gas attacks at Hulluch


text: Talk:North Gower Township

title: Talk:North Gower Township


text:
Talk:Regional Municipality of Ottawa–Carleton

Proposed merge
It has been proposed that this article (RMOC) be merged with Ottawa-Carleton, an article about the former electoral district. My vote is to Oppose; despite similar titles, the subjects of each article are considerably different - the RMOC article is about a governmental body, while the electoral district is a matter of federal parliamentary history. I would propose instead that we use:

Which generates:

Thus solving any disambiguation problems. -Joshuapaquin 07:13, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Oppose - one is a riding, one is a municipal government. Kevlar67 03:06, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose, the RMOC was a municipal level goverenet body, which had SOME powers in the Ottawa Carleton Area. RMOC has been turned into the New City of Ottawa, as part of a long process of assimilation of the neighbouring communities. cmacd 13:15, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose obviously. And the other article is Ottawa—Carleton not Ottawa-Carleton. -- Earl Andrew - talk 05:40, 14 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The merger makes NO sense, one being a federal ridign and one being a former RM.Shopteacher 18:18, 28 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose, for all of the reasons given. Do we have consensus to remove the tag and put an end to this? Skeezix1000 17:28, 12 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes. Done. -Joshuapaquin 20:51, 12 April 2007 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Rideau Township, Ontario

2006 census
Rideau's population isn't independently reported by the Canadian Census anymore...2006 census figure is calculated by summing all of Rideau's component census tracts. Marathone 09:25, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rideau Township, Ontario


text: Talk:Torbolton Township

title: Talk:Torbolton Township


text: Talk:Nepean Township

title: Talk:Nepean Township


text:
Scary World Theory

Scary World Theory is the second studio album by German electronic music band Lali Puna. It was released on 15 October 2001 by Morr Music.

Personnel
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.

Lali Puna
 * Valerie Trebeljahr
 * Markus Acher
 * Christoph Brandner
 * Florian Zimmer

Additional musicians
 * Osamu Nambu – violin

Production
 * Michael Heilrath – mastering
 * Mario Thaler – production, mixing, recording

Design
 * Jan Kruse – cover artwork
 * O8 Design – cover artwork

title: Scary World Theory


text:
Tinashe Panyangara

Tinashe Panyangara (born 21 October 1985 in Marondera) is a Zimbabwean cricketer. He is a right-arm fast-medium bowler.

Panyangara first came to prominence during the under-19s World Cup in Bangladesh in 2003–04 in which he bowled 6 for 31 in a surprising victory for the Zimbabweans. Panyangara was rated as one of the fastest Zimbabwean bowlers in their history. Following the sacking of fifteen rebel players in 2004, he found himself launched into the Zimbabwean squad instead of being able to complete his A-levels as he had previously wished.

Panyangara plays cricket in England during the summer months at Barkisland Cricket Club. He has since moved to Nottingham where he plays for the West Indies Cavaliers. Recently he has started playing for the CATS Cricket Club in Australia.

title: Tinashe Panyangara


text:
IHO (disambiguation)

As a three letter acronym, IHO can be:
 * International Hydrographic Organization
 * the former IOC 3-letter country code for Netherlands Indies

title: IHO (disambiguation)


text: Talk:Walkley station

title: Talk:Walkley station


text: Talk:Smyth station

title: Talk:Smyth station


text:
User:Lexi Marie/MARMOT on IRC

MARMOT makes me laugh sometimes. 12:40/15 --> Irssi: Starting query in Freenode with Cooler_Cat 12:40/15  So, 12:40/48  hi marmot 12:40/51  what's up? 12:40/57  got bummed recently? 12:41/01  bummed? 12:41/08  not sure what you mean 12:43/49  y'know 12:43/53  brown love 12:43/59  Oh. no, i haven't. 12:44/05  arse piracy 12:44/11  By the way, are you JarlaxleArtemis too? 12:44/26  "tailgating" 12:44/34  lol 12:44/52  no. 12:44/58  ok 12:45/50  So was there something you wanted to say? 12:55/30 <Cooler_Cat> only this: 12:55/44 <Cooler_Cat> Alex is a cunt. 12:55/48 <Phroziac> rofl 12:55/50 <Cooler_Cat> Raul is a fat prick. 12:57/23 <Phroziac> are you sure you aren't JarlaxleArtemis? 12:58/59 <Cooler_Cat> " don't really edit any more" 12:59/04 <Cooler_Cat> *I 12:59/20 <Phroziac> hmm, where did you quote that from? 12:59/53 <Cooler_Cat> I never quote. 13:00/01 <Phroziac> you put quote marks around it 13:00/49 * Cooler_Cat "Speak marks, actually" 13:00/54 <Phroziac> ok 13:01/09 <Phroziac> why don't you edit anymore? 13:01/25 <Cooler_Cat> I'm not retarded, it's just the shitty keyboard 13:01/47 <Cooler_Cat> I prefer this version http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:MARMOT&oldid=19868581 13:02/30 <Phroziac> lol 13:02/51 <Phroziac> i have to admit, you make me laugh 13:06/45 <Phroziac> so do you know WoW? 13:07/33 <Cooler_Cat> "not personally" 13:15/03 <Cooler_Cat> it seems someone is a little over zealous with the marmot template 13:15/13 <Phroziac> who and why? 13:16/39 <Cooler_Cat> I mean, 'Bottled Milkman', what the fuck is that about? 13:16/51 <Phroziac> lol 13:17/01 <Phroziac> Milkman, you, JarlaxleArtemis, and wow are kinda confusing 13:17/34 <Cooler_Cat> elaborate... 13:18/12 <Phroziac> You must not have been paying much attention 13:18/30 <Phroziac> !!!Linuxbeak is a cunt! 13:18/35 <Phroziac> sound familiar? 13:18/52 <Cooler_Cat> I can tell you that none of those were me 13:19/18 <Phroziac> Those were Jarlaxle, actually. 13:19/21 <Cooler_Cat> out of the 400 + accounts listed, 90% arn't me 13:19/31 <Phroziac> But...you're always talking about how Linuxbeak is a cunt... 13:20/46 <Phroziac> there are currently only 200 accounts in 13:22/38 <Cooler_Cat> copying 13:22/57 <Phroziac> Who copied who? :) 13:23/05 <Phroziac> Anyway, what sockpuppets are yours? 13:23/51 <Cooler_Cat> unblock me and I'll tell you 13:24/07 <Phroziac> ... 13:24/59 <Phroziac> By the way, were you User:David Gerard's anal virginity? 13:25/38 * Cooler_Cat "No comment"

title: User:Lexi Marie/MARMOT on IRC


text:
User talk:John11

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Coffee 17:12, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Images
Hi, thanks for the image of the Banaue Rice Terraces that you uploaded. However, it looks like you had some trouble adding it to the page... the file name is case sensitive, so "Banaue_Rice_Terraces_1.jpg" would not work if the filename is "Banaue_rice_terraces_1.jpg". Anyway, I had it fixed for you. :) Coffee 17:12, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Barry Manilow
Hi you need to give a source for "Comments were made about the size of his nose, and his appearance was compared to that of a frog." Thanks Arniep 16:15, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Freedom Monument, Riga.jpg

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title: User talk:John11


text: Talk:Heron station

title: Talk:Heron station


text:
User talk:Infomuse

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Taejo 17:13, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Locopops
I have added a "" template to the article Locopops, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Tarheelcoxn 08:14, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Infomuse


text:
Marsick Stradivarius

The Ex-Marsick Stradivarius of 1715 is a violin named after Belgian violinist and teacher Martin Pierre Marsick (1847–1924), who owned the instrument made by Antonio Stradivari of Cremona. The instrument, valued at approximately $8 million USD, was purchased in 1999 by David L. Fulton who loaned it to violinist James Ehnes, who bought it from Fulton a decade later.

At a pre-concert talk at Colston Hall in Bristol, England, on 28 November 2005, James Ehnes took pains to differentiate the instrument he was playing from that played by David Oistrakh. Ehnes was playing a 1715 Stradivarius formerly owned by Marsick, while Oistrakh played the Marsick Stradivarius of 1705.

title: Marsick Stradivarius


text:
Anthony Heinsbergen

Anthony Heinsbergen (December 13, 1894 – June 14, 1981) was a Dutch American muralist considered the foremost designer of North American movie theatre interiors.

Biography
Born Antoon Heinsbergen in Haarlem (the Netherlands), he emigrated with his family to the United States in 1906 where they settled in Los Angeles. Heinsbergen began painting while still a boy; and, as a young man he worked as an apprentice painter and was one of the first students to take formal training from Mrs. Nelbert Chouinard at her Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles. His area of interest in which he developed a renowned expertise was the painting of murals and in 1922 he went into business for himself. He was successful in obtaining a few commissions out of which he earned considerable recognition that led to a number of major contracts in and around Los Angeles most notably with the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, the Beverly-Wilshire Hotel and in 1928 a municipal government contract for the new Los Angeles City Hall. During this time, his work came to the attention of theatre mogul Alexander Pantages who hired him to work on one of his buildings. The praise he received for this work opened the doors to jobs at more than twenty Pantages theatres and helped Heinsbergen become a major national contractor for theatre murals.

Heinsbergen's company grew to employ more than one hundred and eighty decorative painters involved with a wide variety of wall and ceiling murals for corporate offices, churches, synagogues, civic auditoriums, libraries and other ornate structures of the era. However, the Heinsbergen name is mainly linked to his theatre murals as a result of the more than seven hundred and fifty he created throughout North America during the theatre industry's period of rapid growth. High-profile work of this type includes murals for the Wiltern Theatre, the Oakland Paramount Theater, the Warner Grand Theatre in San Pedro, California, the Metro Theatre in San Francisco, and the United Artists flagship theatre in downtown Los Angeles, plus the vaulted ceiling of the city's Park Plaza Hotel which can be seen in the opening sequences of the 1990 David Lynch film Wild at Heart.

Anthony Heinsbergen built a home in the Los Angeles district of Pacific Palisades on the south slope in the Santa Monica Mountains. Semi-retired by the 1970s when his son Anthony, Jr. (1929–2004), took over the day-to-day management of the company, the elderly Anthony Heinsbergen nonetheless remained active as a frequent consultant for theatre restoration projects until his death in 1981, in Los Angeles, at the age of eighty-six.

title: Anthony Heinsbergen