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Bill Crawford-Compton

Air Vice-Marshal William Vernon Crawford-Compton, (2 March 1915 – 2 January 1988) was a New Zealand flying ace of the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the Second World War. He was officially credited with destroying at least 20 German aircraft.

Born in Invercargill, Crawford-Compton joined the RAF in 1939. He qualified as a pilot the following year and was posted to No. 603 Squadron. In March 1941, he was transferred to a newly formed unit, No. 485 Squadron. He flew numerous operations, including during the Channel Dash, and was credited with the shooting down of a number of aircraft. After recovering from injuries received in a crash landing, he served as a flight commander in No. 611 Squadron. He was given command of No. 64 Squadron at the end of 1942 and led it for the early part of the following year. After a period of staff duties, he became wing leader of the Hornchurch fighter wing in mid-1943, and led it until the end of the year. He spent three months in the United States giving lectures on RAF operations before returning to active duty as commander of No. 145 Wing. He led the wing in offensive operations in France in the run up to and after Operation Overlord. After the war, he held a series of senior appointments in the RAF, including command of an airfield in Egypt during the Suez Crisis. His final posting before his retirement in late 1968 was commander of No. 22 Group. He died in January 1988 at the age of 72.

Early life
William Vernon Crawford-Compton was born in Invercargill, New Zealand on 2 March 1915, the son of William Gilbert Crawford-Compton and Ethel (Horne). The family later moved to Auckland, settling in Mission Bay. In 1938, he was working as a storeman in Waiuku when he decided to enlist in the Royal Air Force (RAF). He joined the crew of a ketch, with the intention of sailing to England where he would enlist in the RAF.

The yacht, Land's End, left Auckland and began sailing through the South Pacific. After stops in Tonga and Fiji, as they neared New Guinea, Land's End struck an uncharted reef. The four crew built a raft and were able to make it to nearby Rossel Island. They stayed with a local tribe for a time before making their way to Samari in New Guinea. There Crawford-Compton gained a berth as a carpenter on a steamer heading for England. He eventually arrived at Liverpool on 6 September 1939 just as the Second World War commenced. He promptly joined the RAF as an aircraftman.

Second World War
Although Crawford-Compton enlisted in the RAF in a groundcrew role, he was later selected for flight training. Once this was completed, towards the end of 1940, he was posted to No. 603 Squadron, based at Hornchurch, as a sergeant pilot. In March 1941 he was transferred to No. 485 Squadron. His new unit, newly formed at Driffield, had a cadre of experienced New Zealand pilots. After a period of training, the squadron became operational on 12 April, flying Supermarine Spitfire fighters on patrols over the North Sea.

Circus offensive
In June No. 485 Squadron graduated to taking part in the RAF's Circus offensive, carrying out sweeps over the French coast and the following month was operating from Redhill. By this time Crawford-Compton had been commissioned in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR) and was a probationary pilot officer. Redhill was a satellite airfield to Kenley and the squadron formed part of Kenley Wing, alongside No. 452 and No. 602 Squadrons. It flew 22 offensive operations in July during which seven pilots were lost. By September the tempo of operations had slowed, with the squadron only involved in seven operations. During one of these, on 21 September, Crawford-Compton engaged a Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter, claiming it as probably destroyed. The following month, while covering bombers attacking St. Omer on 13 October, he destroyed a Bf 109, stating that he had seen it break up in midair. As winter set in, offensive operations were scaled back but on one of the final sweeps of year, carried out on 6 November, he claimed another Bf 109 as probably destroyed near Cap Gris-Nez.

On 12 February 1942, No. 485 Squadron was among those scrambled during the Channel Dash, with Crawford-Compton leading one of its flights. He shot down a Bf 109, which crashed near Ostend. Another Bf 109 was reported as damaged. Now holding the rank of acting flight lieutenant, he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) early the following month; the citation, published in The London Gazette, read: "This officer has participated in a large number of operational sorties. He has at all times displayed great dash and determination. He has destroyed 2 and probably destroyed another 2 enemy aircraft." The Kenley Wing resumed offensive operations the next month and on 26 March, while escorting Douglas Boston bombers attacking Le Havre, the squadron encountered large numbers of Bf 109s. Crawford-Compton, leading the squadron on this operation, shot down one of the enemy fighters during the engagement, and with Pilot Officer Evan Mackie, shared in the destruction of another. Two days later he shot down a Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter, one of several put up by the Luftwaffe in response to a sweep mounted by the RAF that covered the French coast from Cap Gris-Nez to Dunkirk. On 27 April, Crawford-Compton was involved in an accident when the engine of his Spitfire cut out while landing after an operation. During the resulting crash landing, he broke his wrist. This took him off flight operations for a time while he recovered and meant he missed being given command of No. 485 Squadron, for its commander, Squadron Leader Edward Wells, was to be appointed to lead Kenley Wing. In August, once he recovered from his injuries, he was posted to No. 611 Squadron as one of its flight leaders. He soon was back in action, and damaged a Fw 190 on 19 August while flying one of two covering patrols he carried out during the Dieppe Raid. On the other patrol, he became separated from his section and was pursued by four Fw 190s, which only ceased the chase halfway across the English Channel. Five days later, he destroyed another Fw 190. He claimed to have shot down two more on 28 August, when his squadron was escorting Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses of the United States Army Air Force (USAAF) on a bombing raid of an aircraft factory at Méaulte, near Amiens. On subsequent operations from September to early November, he was credited with damaging at least six Fw 190s. On 9 November he claimed a Fw 190 as destroyed near Cap Gris-Nez. A further Fw 190 was claimed as probably shot down south of Dunkirk on 6 December.

Crawford-Compton was appointed commander of No. 64 Squadron on Christmas Day. By this time he had been awarded a Bar to his DFC; the published citation read: "This officer has led his flight on many operational sorties with great skill and success. Since being awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross he has destroyed a further 5 enemy aircraft bringing his total victories to seven." Crawford-Compton was credited with damaging a Fw 190 on 20 January 1943 and damaged another one the following month. On 8 March he had two Fw 190s confirmed as destroyed near Clères. He gave up command of No. 64 Squadron shortly afterwards, at which time he was assigned a staff role at No. 11 Group. Despite his duties, he still occasionally flew on operations, and on 13 March, while flying with No. 122 Squadron was credited with damaging a Bf 109. In June he was appointed commander of the fighter wing at Hornchurch, which included No. 129 and No. 222 Squadrons. Much of the wing's work involved escorting bombers of the USAAF on raids to France. In recognition of these efforts, he was awarded the Silver Star, a United States gallantry medal. He destroyed a Bf 109 on 27 June. Another Bf 109 was destroyed on 19 August and this was followed by Fw 190s on 5 and 23 September. Shortly afterwards, his award of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) was announced, the published citation reading: "Since being awarded a bar to the Distinguished Flying Cross, this officer has taken part in a large number of sorties over enemy territory. By his masterly leadership and exceptional skill and gallant example he has imbued the squadron he commands with rare efficiency with a rare zest for battle, combined with a high degree of operational efficiency. Wing Commander Crawford-Compton, who has destroyed at least 13 hostile aircraft and damaged several others, has rendered most valuable service." Within a few days of the announcement of his DSO, he was credited with damaging a Fw 190 near Beauvais and then on 3 October, the destruction of a Bf 109 near Noordwijk. His substantive rank was made up to squadron leader later that month. At the end of the year, Crawford-Compton was taken off active duties and selected to go to the United States to give talks regarding the operations of the RAF. Along with another experienced pilot, Wing Commander Raymond Harries, he spent three months in the country lecturing before returning to England.

Northwest Europe
In April 1944, Crawford-Compton was appointed wing commander, flying, of No. 145 Wing, which had two Free French squadrons of Spitfires. Under the overall command of Wing Commander Alan Deere, and later Group Captain Adolph Malan, the wing was part of the Second Tactical Air Force. In the prelude to Operation Overlord, the landings at Normandy, Crawford-Compton led the wing in attacks on targets in France, including transportation infrastructure, flying-bomb sites and military installations in the Pas-de-Calais.

Following the invasion, Crawford-Compton's wing conducted regular patrols over Normandy and covering the Allied forces maintaining their hold on the bridgehead. The day after the landings, he intercepted and destroyed a Junkers Ju 88 medium bomber, one of a group of five that were attacking the landing beaches. As the Allied ground forces moved inland, the wing began operating from temporary airstrips established in the bridgehead at Normandy. It sought out and attacked German transports on the roads between Paris and Caen, disrupting the flow of supplies to the front lines. At the end of the month, he destroyed a Bf 109 and Fw 190 that had just taken off from Evereux airfield, with other pilots in the wing accounting for four other German aircraft.

As the Allies advanced further into Normandy, No. 145 Wing continued to provide support, carrying out fighter-bomber operations on the Falaise pocket and on 9 July, Crawford-Compton destroyed a Bf 109. By the end of the year, his command was operating from Antwerp. Upon completion of his tour in early 1945, he was awarded a Bar to his DSO and was posted to the headquarters of No. 11 Group, as a staff officer. He ended the war having flown at least 517 operational missions and was credited with destroying at least 20, possibly 21, German aircraft. He also shared in the destruction of one further aircraft, claimed three probables and a share in a fourth, and thirteen damaged.

Later life
In the postwar period, Crawford-Compton went to the RAF's Staff College after which he formally transferred from the RAFVR to the regular RAF. He was granted a permanent commission as a squadron leader with effect from 1 September 1945 although remained in his acting wing commander rank. After a period of service at the headquarters of Middle East Command in Cairo, he served as a time as the Air attache in Oslo, Norway. He then went on to command the RAF station at Bruggen in West Germany. In January 1955, he was promoted to group captain.

During the Suez Crisis, he was commander of Gamil airfield in Egypt and for his services, in the Queen's Birthday Honours the following year, Crawford-Compton was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. In July 1960, his acting rank of air commodore was made permanent. Three years later he was promoted to air vice-marshal, having already held the rank in an acting capacity for a month.

In the 1965 New Year Honours Crawford-Compton was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath. He was the senior air staff officer in the Near East Air Force, based at Cyprus, until December 1965. He then succeeded Air Vice-Marshal Albert Case in January 1966 as commander of No. 22 Group, part of the RAF's Technical Training Command. This was Crawford-Compton's last appointment for he retired from the RAF in November 1968. He died in England on 2 January 1988.

title: Bill Crawford-Compton


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Riksråd

Riksrådet (in Norwegian and Swedish) or Rigsrådet (in Danish or English: the Council of the Realm and the Council of the State – sometimes translated as the "Privy Council") is the name of the councils of the Scandinavian countries that ruled the countries together with the kings from late Middle Ages to the 17th century. Norway had a Council of the Realm (Riksrådet) that was de facto abolished by the Danish-Norwegian king in 1536–1537. In Sweden the parallel Council gradually came under the influence of the king during the 17th century.

Rigsrådet in Denmark
The members of the Council of Denmark seem to have developed from being councillors of the king to being representatives of the magnates and noblemen. From the 1320s it clearly appears as a force, and from the 1440s it was the permanent opponent of royal power, replacing the Danehof.

The Council consisted of noblemen who were appointed either by the king or their peers on the council. Until the 1536 Reformation, bishops were automatically members. So were the supreme officials (today the "cabinet ministers") while lower ranking "ministers" did not have any formal right to membership. The "backbenchers" of the council took part in daily negotiations of problems and administration, voted, and took on diplomatic tasks. Most of them were squires who also had to look after their lands.

As a whole, it was the role of the council to rule together with the king, to control him, and to manage the affairs of State well. The councillors were seen as a guarantee towards the nobility (and in theory also towards "the people") that everything was done right. The Council took over the rule in the space that appeared by a succession or at interregna. It led negotiations over the creation of a new haandfæstning, and in theory it also had to call for a rebellion against kings who did not keep their promises, a right that was used in 1523. However, in the 16th century, it was not quite unusual that the councillors to some degree identified with the State rejecting too extravagant demands from the Danish gentry. The background of this normally was that they themselves represented the Danish answer to the peerage.

The number of councillors was not laid down. Normally it was about 20, but from time to time deaths might reduce their number wherefore it was supplied by mass creations. Not until 1648 was the number of councillors finally fixed to 23.

The authority of the council was indisputable, and within some limits the kings also tried to co-operate. However most of the kings neglected some of the rules and, for instance, foreign questions presented many loopholes. The many military defeats of the 17th century and especially growing economic problems and conservatism of the nobility also weakened the prestige of the council, and the king gradually tried to strengthen his own influence. At the introduction of absolute monarchy in 1660, the council was abolished.

The word Rigsråd was revived in Denmark in the 19th century. During 1854–1866 it was used for a special federal council dealing with all common legislative questions of Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein, and from 1863 of Denmark and Schleswig alone. It had hardly anything else in common with its old namesake other than the title. (The world's first use of the Single transferable vote in an election of legisators was seen in the 1855 Rigsrad election.) The loss of Schleswig in 1864 made the Rigsrad redundant, and it was abolished by the new constitution two years later.

Riksrådet in Norway
The Norwegian Riksråd gradually emerged around 1300, evolving from the King's council. It emerged clearly as a power factor after 1319, during the minority of King Magnus VII Eriksson. There do not seem to have been any clear rules for how many members the council should have, or who should be councillors. During the 15th century, the number could be from 30 to 40, whereas after 1500 it was barely above ten. The Norwegian bishops were automatically members. There were at the time five bishops in mainland Norway (the archbishop in Trondheim, the bishops in Oslo, Hamar, Stavanger, Bergen), as well as one in the Faroe Islands, two on Iceland, one in Greenland, and one in Orkney (lost to Scotland in 1468). The bishops from the islands rarely participated in the Norwegian Riksråd. In addition, the chaplains of the royal chapels in Oslo and Bergen were permanent members. So were the commanders of the five strongest castles of Norway: Bohus, Akershus in Oslo, the castles in Bergen, Tønsberg and Trondheim. The rest of the council was recruited from the Norwegian nobility. Only Norwegians were eligible for these places in the Norwegian Riksråd – however, this was also taken to include foreigners who had married a Norwegian. As several of the bishops and commanders of the castles were foreign – mostly Danish, but also some Swedish – the number of Norwegians in the Norwegian Riksråd gradually diminished. The archbishop of Trondheim mostly acted as the head of the council.

As Norway had of old been a hereditary kingdom, the Norwegian Riksråd's task did not, originally include the election of the king, as in Sweden and Denmark. However, as successive kings died without leaving any issue, starting with Olav IV in 1387, it fell to the Riksråd to interpret the succession laws. This it did so freely that Norway more and more became, in reality, an elected monarchy, like its Nordic neighbours. This was formally affirmed in 1450, when Christian I of Denmark took the Norwegian throne as an elected monarch. On his death, in 1481, the Riksråd ruled the country for two years, in an interregnum, before electing Christian's son as the new king – a period which could be seen as the height of the council's power.

In the early 16th century, the power of the Norwegian council diminished. The Oldenburg union kings conducted a policy of strengthening their own power at the cost of the nobility, and the Norwegian nobility was too weak to put up a strong opposition. In addition, the few Norwegian noble families became more and more intermarried with the Danish nobility, giving them less of an interest in maintaining separate Norwegian structures. During the troubled transition to the reign of King Christian III, the Norwegian archbishop Olav Engelbrektsson led a rebellion in support of Christian's rival to the throne. After Christian had won, the Norwegian Riksråd was de facto abolished, in 1536–1537. The archbishop went into exile, the Protestant reformation was carried through in Denmark and Norway, and the Norwegian Riksråd never assembled again.

Riksrådet in Sweden
The Riksråd was the upper parliamentary house in Sweden populated by the nobility. The Swedish nobility often played a prominent role in Swedish history, which both helped and hindered the nation. Sten Sture of the Riksråd led the resistance against the Danish-dominated Union of Kalmar until he was killed in battle in the beginning of 1520. After the Stockholm bloodbath in November 1520, when around 90 nobles were executed by the Danish king Christian II, the Swedish nobleman Gustav Vasa took over the resistance and successfully restored Swedish sovereignty in 1523.

Over the next two centuries the Monarchy and the Riksråd were constant rivals. When Sigismund was crowned in 1594 the Riksråd drafted the Charter of Nyköping which took many of the king's powers. During Queen Christina of Sweden's reign a large proportion of crown land was alienated (given to nobles) which led to major financial instability in Sweden.

King Charles XI was Sweden's first absolute monarch who led an immense 'reduction' policy (the retrieval of land from the nobility). In 1654 1.5% of land was the Crown's and 72% belonged to the nobility. By 1700, 35.5% of land belonged to the Crown and 33% belonged to the nobility. This continued until the end of the Swedish absolutists in 1718 when Charles XII was killed during the Great Northern War.

The Privy Council, Riksråd, officially was the ruling body of Sweden until 1974.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Riksråd


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Chris McCann

Christopher John McCann (born 21 July 1987) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for 1874 Northwich.

Burnley
McCann was born in Dublin, County Dublin. He was brought over to Lancashire from the Irish club Home Farm, alongside Martin Reilly after going on a trial at Burnley earlier this year. McCann progressed through the youth system at Burnley in the 2004–05 season, reaching the Alliance Cup northern final in a losing effort. McCann was promoted to the first team by manager Steve Cotterill in the 2005–06 pre–season matches. He made his senior debut in the 2005–06 season, coming onto the pitch as an early substitute in the 4–0 win against Coventry City on 13 August 2005. McCann scored his first senior goal on 27 September 2005, in the 3–0 win against Ipswich Town. McCann then became involved in the first team, with his playing time coming from the substitute bench. He then scored his second goal of the season, in a 1–1 draw against Queens Park Rangers on 2 January 2006. The next day on 3 January 2006, McCann signed his first professional contract with Burnley on a three-and-a-half-year contract. Following this, he said his target "was too cement a place in the club’s first team". For the rest of the 2005–06 season, McCann fulfilled his target, making number of starts for Burnley. This resulted in him earning seven awards at the club’s award ceremony, including the Young Player of the Year award. At the end of the 2005–06 season, he made twenty–seven appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. Ahead of the 2006–07 season, manager Cotterill believed that players like McCann could be move to bigger clubs if the price was right. He started the 2006–07 season in the first-team squad, appearing in the first four league matches for Burnley. However, McCann was reverted to the substitutes' bench after a few games as he sought to confirm his potential at Championship level. McCann made his first start in three months against Ipswich Town on 4 November 2006 and scored the winning goal, in a 1–0 win. After the match, manager Cotterill praised his performance, saying: "I thought he was immaculate. I told them but I just thought he could do it and low and behold he didn't let me down and he certainly didn't let himself down." However, injuries saw McCann pressed into action as an emergency left-back and he took these opportunities – re-establishing himself in the first-team line-up. Three weeks later on 25 November 2006, McCann scored his second goal of the season, in a 2–1 loss against Birmingham City. He added two more goals throughout February, coming against Queens Park Rangers and Wolverhampton Wanderers. On 13 March 2007, McCann signed a three–year contract with the club, keeping him until 2010. A month later on 23 April 2007, he scored another winning goal, in a 3–2 win against West Bromwich Albion. After the match, McCann said he dedicated the goal to James O’Connor, who suffered heads to heads clash with Paul McShane and had to be substituted. For his performance, McCann won the Young Player of the Year award for the second time in a row. At the end of the 2006–07 season, he went on to make forty appearances and scoring five times in all competitions. Reflecting on his performance, Andy Lochhead said about McCann’s performance, saying: "A good, young up and coming player who has seemed to improve as the season's gone on. He is versatile, has shown improvement all the time and is getting stronger and developing more. He's level headed, which is important because youngsters have got to keep their feet on the ground." Ahead of the 2007–08 season, McCann said that his aim to secure a regular first team place in effort to rebuild his career, with manager Cotterill intended to help him to "further his development" at Burnley. He started the first seven matches of the season for the club, playing in the midfield position. McCann scored his first goal of the season, in a 2–0 win against Sheffield Wednesday on 18 September 2007. After the match, he were among four Burnley’s players to be praised by manager Cotterill. However in a follow–up match against Bristol City, McCann suffered a hamstring injury when he was fouled under a challenge and was substituted in the 20th minute substitute, as Burnley drew 2–2. After being sidelined for two weeks, he returned to the starting line–up and played 45 minutes before being substituted, in a 2–1 loss against Cardiff City on 6 October 2007. Following his return from injury, McCann said it was time for him to grow up and be a man, due to reaching maturity. He then regained his first team place in the midfield position. Three weeks later on 27 October 2007, McCann scored his second goal of the season, in a 2–1 loss against Southampton. His third goal of the season came on 1 December 2007, in a 3–1 win against Charlton Athletic. Following the appointment of Owen Coyle as the Burnley’s manager, he re-iterated his desire to keep McCann amid to the January transfer window and believed in his potential on "reaching to the very top". In a match against Preston North End on 15 December 2007, he scored an equalising goal in the 62nd minute to make it 2–2, but was sent–off two minutes later "for a two-footed challenge on Sean St Ledger", as the club went on to lose 3–2. After serving a three match suspension, McCann returned to the starting line–up, in a 3–0 loss against Blackpool on 1 January 2008. The beginning of 2008 saw the player sidelined on three occasions, due to suspension and injuries. Despite this, he returned and scored his fifth goal of the season, in a 2–0 win against Coventry City on 26 February 2008. His performance throughout the 2007–08 season was praised by Coyle, describing him as "the outstanding player on the pitch", while McCann, himself, praised him in return for giving him confidence, as well as, acknowledging his improvements. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he went on to make thirty–seven appearances and scoring five times in all competitions. Ahead of 2008–09 season, McCann was linked with a possible move to a Premier League club, but stayed at Burnley, as he aimed to set a new target on scoring goals. His first goal of the season came on 26 August 2008 against Oldham Athletic in the second round of the League Cup, in a 3–0 win. Since the start of the 2008–09 season, McCann fully established himself in the first team, playing in the midfield position, as he considered to be "his most important season yet". McCann made his 100th league appearances for the club, in a 0–0 draw against Plymouth Argyle on 30 August 2008. Between 27 September 2008 and 18 October 2008, he contributed to assisting two goals, winning both matches against Preston North End and Watford, followed up by scoring two goals in the next two matches against Reading and Birmingham City. This led to manager Coyle commenting about McCann’s progress is getting stronger and believed that he will make an impact in the league. However in early–December, McCann suffered an illness that saw him miss two matches; where up until his illness, he started every matches since the start of the 2008–09 season. Two months prior to his illness, McCann previously suffered an injury that almost made him miss a match but he quickly recovered. McCann made his return to the starting line–up against Southampton on 13 December 2008 and helped Burnley win 3–2. Two weeks later on 26 December 2008 in a match against Barnsley, he scored the equalising goal, but then scored an own goal, which was a winning for the opposition team, as the club went on to lose 2–1. Since returning from his illness, McCann regained his first team place for the rest of the 2008–09 season. He scored his fifth goal of the season against Tottenham Hostpur in the League Cup semi-final, equalising the tie on aggregate making it 4–4 late on, and although Burnley went on to win the match 3–2 on the night, the tie finished 6–4 to Spurs on aggregate after late goals in extra time from Jermain Defoe and Roman Pavlyuchenko. McCann added two more goals in February, coming against Wolverhampton Wanderers and Sheffield Wednesday. His eighth goal of the season came on 4 April 2009, in a 1–1 draw against Derby County. He then played a part in Burnley's play off campaign which saw them promoted to the Premier League after victories over Reading, and a 1–0 Football League Championship play-off final win over Sheffield United at Wembley Stadium. McCann started the match and played 27 minute before being replaced by Joey Guðjónsson, due to injury. At the end of the 2008–09 season, he went on to make fifty–eight appearances and scoring eight times in all competitions. With Burnley playing in the Premier League for the 2009–10 season, manager Coyle successfully predicted that McCann is destined and capable to play in top–flight football. Amid to his future at Burnley, he was in talks over a new contract by the club. On 13 August 2009, McCann officially signed a two–year contract extension with Burnley, keeping him until 2011. Two days later, he began his debut Barclays Premier League season in the opening game of the season against Stoke City and started the whole game, in a 2–0 loss. McCann, however, suffered an unfortunate knee injury and subsequent surgery to his cruciate following the game against Sunderland at Turf Moor. The injury sidelined the midfielder until December 2009 at the earliest. He spent the rest of the year, regaining his fitness following his return from injury. McCann made his return to the starting line–up against Reading in the fourth round of the FA Cup, as the club loss 1–0. In his second match back from injury, however, he picked up a second injury that ruled him out for the rest of the season. At the end of the 2009–10 season, McCann made eight appearances in all competitions. Following Burnley's relegation from the Premier League, McCann returned to the team and played in Burnley's first three pre-season friendlies against Bury, Oldham Athletic and the first game of Burnley's tour of Singapore in which he was taken off with a knee injury. McCann played no further part in Burnley's pre-season and in the week before the Clarets season opener against Nottingham Forest, news broke that the midfielder was a doubt for this game and would be sent to see a specialist. Shortly after, it was announced that he would be out for six months after undergoing his knee surgery. McCann spent seven months recovery from his knee injury before returning to training fully in March. He made his first appearance for the club in eight months, appearing in the Burnley’s reserve match, in a 3–1 win against Morecambe’s reserve on 5 April 2011. While making progress on his return, McCann was offered a new contract by the club. Two weeks later on 23 April 2011, he made his first league appearance of the season against Derby County and scored his first goal for Burnley in two years, in a 4–2 win (the goal also earned him the club’s goal of the season). On the last game of the season against Cardiff City, McCann captained the club for the first time in his Burnley’s career, in a 1–1 draw. He went on to finish the 2010–11 season, making four appearances and scoring once in all competitions. On 30 June 2011, McCann signed a two–year contract extension with the club, keeping him until 2013. Ahead of the 2011–12 season, McCann was named captain of Burnley by manager Eddie Howe following Graham Alexander’s departure. In the club’s first two matches in the League Cup, he set up a goal for Jay Rodriguez, who scored a hat–trick, in a 6–3 win against Burton Albion, which was followed up by scoring his first goal of the season, in a 3–2 win against Barnet. A month later on 27 September 2011, McCann scored his second goal of the season, in a 5–1 win against Nottingham Forest. His start of his reign as Burnley’s captain started off badly, due to the club’s struggling form, leading to supporters expressed concern over his responsibility as captain. But he soon received a backing from the former captain and teammate Graham Alexander. McCann then scored three goals in two matches between 29 November 2011 and 3 December 2011, scoring twice against Ipswich Town and once against West Ham United. Two weeks later on 17 December 2011, he made his 200th appearances for Burnley against Brighton & Hove Albion and helped the club win 1–0. However during a 3–1 loss against Millwall on 25 February 2012, McCann suffered a hamstring injury and was substituted in the 39th minutes. But he quickly recovered from his hamstring injury and returned to the starting line–up, in a 3–2 loss against Watford on 3 March 2012. Throughout the 2011–12 season, McCann regained his first team place for Burnley, playing in the midfielder position while on a captain duty and played in every league matches, making fifty–one appearances and scoring five times in all competitions. Reflecting on the 2011–12 season as the club’s captain, he acknowledged the "inconsistent" and "sloppy performances" on Burnley’s form, but "neverthesless exceeded his expectations". Ahead of the 2012–13 season, McCann was replaced as captain by new signing Jason Shackell. He later felt relieved to be replaced as captain, citing "it feels like a weight has been lifted" and his own concentration on the game. McCann scored his first goal of the season, in a 3–1 win against Port Vale in the first round of the League Cup. With his contract expiring at the end of the 2012–13 season, Burnley began opening talks with the player over a new contract. Two weeks later on 15 September 2012, he scored his second goal of the season, as well as, setting up one of the goals, in a 5–2 win against Peterborough United. McCann started in every matches for the club until he suffered an injury during a 2–2 draw against Millwall on 29 September 2012, resulting in him missing one match. McCann scored on his return from injury, as Burnley loss 4–3 against Crystal Palace on 6 October 2012. Two weeks later on 23 October 2012, he scored the winning goal, in a 4–3 win against Bristol City. However, McCann found himself out of the first team, due to injuries and suspension that saw him miss one match once a month between November and March. Despite this, he continued to be regain his first team place in the centre–midfield position. McCann finished the 2012–13 season, making forty–three appearances and scoring five times in all competitions. With his contract expiring at the end of the 2012–13 season, McCann’s future at Burnley was uncertain. McCann said he was happy to stay at the club. On 19 February 2013, Burnley’s manager Sean Dyche revealed that he’s interested to open talks with McCann over a new contract. Amid to the contract talks, he was linked with a loan move to Blackpool, but Burnley rejected the bid for him. As a months of uncertainty, it was more likely that McCann would be leaving the club, with no talks over a new contract has started. It was announced on 21 May 2013 that he would be leaving Burnley, ending his eight years association with the club.

Wigan Athletic
On 26 June 2013, McCann agreed to join Wigan Athletic following the expiry of his contract with Burnley at the end of the month, reuniting with former Burnley manager Owen Coyle. Two years prior, he was linked with a move to Bolton Wanderers, where Coyle was managing at the time. But Coyle did not opted to sign McCann and instead signed Darren Pratley. Upon joining the club, he was given a number seven shirt. McCann made his Wigan Athletic debut, coming on as a 70th minutes substitute, in a 4–0 win against Barnsley in the opening game of the season. A month later on 19 September 2013, he made his European debut in a UEFA Europa League match against Zulte Waregem, as the club drew 0–0. On 12 December 2013, McCann received his first red card in a Wigan Athletic’s shirt for second bookable offence, in a 2–1 loss against NK Maribor. Nine days later on 21 December 2013, he scored first goal for the club, in a 2–1 win against Reading. McCann scored his second goal of the season, in a 2–1 win against Cardiff City in the fifth round of the FA Cup, which was followed–up, in a 2–1 win against Brighton & Hove Albion. However, he suffered "a multiple fracture of his right knee cap" after colliding with Micah Richards, in a 2–1 win against Manchester City on 9 March 2014, and was out for the rest of the 2014–15 season. In his first season at Wigan Athletic, McCann found his playing time, coming from the substitute bench but went on to make thirty–nine appearances and scoring three times in all competitions. The start of the 2014–15 season saw McCann continue to rehabilitate from his injury before making his return in Wigan Athletic’s reserve match against Everton’s reserve in a behind closed doors friendly match, playing only 60 minute. He made his first appearance of the 2014–15 season, coming on as a 84th minute substitute, in a 1–0 loss against Brighton & Hove Albion on 4 November 2014. Three weeks later on 29 November 2014, McCann scored his first goal of the season, in a 2–1 loss against Sheffield Wednesday. Two weeks later on 13 December 2014, he scored his second goal of the season, in a 2–1 loss against Watford. However, McCann found himself out of the first team, with injuries and being placed on the substitute bench reduced his playing time. At the end of the 2014–15 season, which saw the club relegated to League One, he finished his second season with Wigan Athletic, making eighteen appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. The start of the 2015–16 season saw McCann rotate in playing both defender and midfield positions. He scored his first goal of the season, in a 3–2 loss against Port Vale on 12 September 2015. By late–September, McCann began to play in the centre–back position. This last until on 28 November 2015 when he suffered a groin injury during a match against Southend United and was substituted in the 42nd minute, as Wigan Athletic drew 0–0. After missing two matches, McCann made his return from injury, coming on as a 67th minute substitute, in a 3–1 win against Fleetwood Town on 28 December 2015. Two weeks later on 12 January 2016, he scored his second goal of the season, in a 3–3 draw against Sheffield United. After missing one match due to a toe injury, McCann returned to the starting line–up, playing in a right–back position, in a 1–1 draw against Crewe Alexandra on 23 January 2016. He began to play in the right–back position on four occasions until being suspended for two matches. After serving a two match suspension, McCann returned to the starting line–up, playing in the right–midfield position, against Swindon Town and set up the club’s first goal of the game, in a 4–1 win on 25 March 2016. Since returning from suspension, he soon found himself placed on the substitute bench following the new signing of Stephen Warnock. But McCann found himself on the score sheet when he first score, coming against Southend United, in a 4–1 win. In a follow–up match against Blackpool, McCann scored the opener and then set up two goals, in a 4–0 win, which saw Wigan Athletic promoted to the Championship and ending the season as champions. At the end of the 2015–16 season, he made forty appearances and scoring four times in all competitions. Following this, McCann was offered a new contract by the club.

Atlanta United
On 6 July 2016, it was announced that McCann would join Atlanta United for their inaugural season in 2017. He went out on loan between the time of his signing and the beginning of the 2017 MLS season. McCann made his debut for the club, coming on as a 77th minute substitute, in a 6–1 victory over fellow MLS newcomers Minnesota United FC on 12 March 2017. However, he found his playing time, coming from the substitute bench. Following the injury of Greg Garza, McCann began to play in the left–back position for the rest of the 2017 season. However during a 3–2 loss against Minnesota United FC on 4 October 2017, he suffered an injury and was substituted in the 44th minute that saw him miss one match. At the end of the 2017 season, he went on to make twenty–six appearances in all competitions. At the start of the 2018 season, McCann began playing in both the midfield position and centre–back position. He then scored his first goal for Atlanta United from a header, in a 2–2 draw against New York City on 15 April 2018. However, McCann suffered a hamstring injury that saw him miss four matches. It wasn’t until on 31 May 2018 when he made his return from injury, starting the whole game, in a 1–1 draw against New England Revolution. However, his return was short–lived when McCann suffered a hamstring injury during a 1–1 draw against Philadelphia Union on 3 June 2018 and missed five matches as a result. It wasn’t until on 8 July 2018 when he made his return from injury, coming on as a 73rd minute substitute, in a 2–0 win against Philadelphia Union. Since his return from injury, McCann regained his first team place, playing in the left–back position. However, he found himself out on three occasions towards the end of the 2018 season, due to injuries and suspension. Despite this, McCann made an appearance in the MLS Cup final against Portland Timbers, coming on as a late substitute, in a 2–0 win the tournament. At the end of the 2018 season, he made twenty–four appearances and scoring once in all competitions. On 9 February 2019, McCann was waived by Atlanta United.

Loan to Coventry City
On 2 August 2016, McCann joined Coventry City on loan until the start of the 2017 Major League Soccer campaign. He made his debut for the club, starting the whole game, in a 0–0 draw against Bury in the opening game of the season. However in a match against Fleetwood Town on 3 September 2016, McCann suffered an injury and was substituted in the 38th minute, as Coventry City loss 2–0. It wasn’t until on 28 September 2016 when he made his return from injury, starting the whole game, in a 2–2 draw against AFC Wimbledon. In a follow–up match against Port Vale, McCann scored his first goal for the club, in a 2–0 win. His return was short–lived when he suffered a hamstring injury and was substituted in the 16th minute, in a 2–0 win against Rochdale. It wasn’t until on 4 December 2016 when McCann made his return from injury, starting a match and played 77 minutes before being substituted, in a 3–1 loss against Cambridge United in the second round of the FA Cup. On 31 December 2016, his loan spell with Coventry City ended and returned to Atlanta United.

D.C. United
McCann signed with D.C. United on 12 February 2019. He made his debut for the club, starting the match and played 75 minutes before being substituted, in a 2–1 win against Orlando City on 31 March 2019. During a 0–0 against Montreal Impact on 9 April 2019, however, McCann suffered a muscle injury and was substituted in the 56th minute. It wasn’t until on 16 May 2019 when he made his return from injury, starting a match and played 62 minutes before being substituted, in a 0–0 draw against Toronto FC. On 12 June 2019, McCann scored his first goal for D.C. United from a header against the Philadelphia Union in the U.S. Open Cup. D.C. United and McCann mutually parted ways on 31 July 2019. By the time he left the club, McCann made seven appearances and scoring once in all competitions.

Oldham Athletic
McCann signed with Oldham Athletic on 18 October 2019 on a short-term deal. He made his debut for the club the next day 19 October 2019, starting the whole game, in a 1–0 defeat against Macclesfield Town. McCann then captained Oldman Athletic twice between 10 November 2019 and 13 November 2019, both in a cup competitions. In early–January, however, he suffered a knock that saw him out for a month. While rehabilitating his injury, McCann signed a contract with the club, keeping him until the end of the 2019–20 season. He made his return from injury, coming on as a late substitute, in a 3–0 win against Bradford City on 1 February 2020. Following his return, McCann received handful of starts for Oldham Athletic until the season came to a premature end due to the global pandemic COVID-19. At the end of the 2019–20 season, he made nineteen appearances in all competitions. On 1 July 2020, McCann was among nine players to be released by the club.

Shamrock Rovers
On 14 December 2020, McCann signed for the League of Ireland champions Shamrock Rovers. Upon joining the club, he said that his aim of joining Shamrock Rovers was to win trophies. He made his debut for the club, starting the whole game, against Dundalk in the President of Ireland's Cup, losing 5–4 on penalties following a 1–1 draw. Since joining Shamrock Rovers, McCann became a first team regular, playing in the defensive midfield position. However, his first season at the club was plagued with injuries and suspension that saw his playing time reduced. Despite this, he started the match on the last game of the season against Drogheda United and played 58 minutes before being substituted, as Shamrock Rovers won 2–1 to win the league. At the end of the 2021 season, McCann made twenty–seven appearances in all competitions. In the 2022 season, McCann found his second season at Shamrock Rovers reduced, due to being on the substitute bench. However, he also faced his own injury concerns along the way. Despite this, his contributions in the 2022 season saw the club win the league for the third consecutive time. When the season finished, McCann made twenty–two appearances in all competitions. On 2 December 2022, he was released by the Shamrock Rovers after the club decided against offering him a new contract.

Burton Albion
On 4 February 2023, McCann moved back to England when he joined Burton Albion for the rest of the 2022–23 season. McCann made his debut on the same day against Fleetwood Town and played 76 minutes before being substituted, in a 3–2 win. In his third appearance against Bristol Rovers on 18 February 2023, he suffered a knock and was substituted in the 25th minute, as the club won 2–1. After the match, manager Dino Maamria revealed that McCann suffered both a concussion and a calf injury. Even after returning from injury, McCann never played for Burton Albion again, as he made three appearances in all competitions. Following this, McCann was released by the club.

1874 Northwich
On 25 November 2023, 1874 Northwich of the Northern Premier League Division One West announced the signing of McCann. He made his debut on the same day, in a 2–1 loss against Avro.

International career
McCann has represented the Republic of Ireland at under-17, under-18 and under-19 level. He was first called up to the Republic of Ireland U21s for the matches against Montenegro and Bulgaria on 16 and 20 November 2007 for the 2009 European U21 Championship qualifiers. On the wake of his call-up Ireland U21 manager, Don Givens, stated that "Chris has been involved with Ireland at other age levels but this is his first call-up to the Under-21 panel. He is a good player and deserves a chance at this level". McCann was selected in the squad for the 1–0 defeat to Montenegro in Podgorica. However, he had to withdraw due to an injury. This was unexpected news as he has played the week before against Preston North End after he had miss three games with a groin injury. McCann was again named on the bench for the second match against Bulgaria but opted out of the squad two hours prior to kick-off claiming it was a waste of his time being there. Don Givens criticised McCann saying, "I can never understand anybody that doesn't want to pull on the green shirt". He also added that this event could hinder McCann's future international career, "Will I pick him again? Would you?". Ireland went on to win the match in Athlone regardless of McCann's actions through a 90th-minute winner from the Watford midfielder John-Joe O'Toole. However, Givens later apologised for his criticism, "I take it back, its nice to see Chris developing into a player of true class". Despite smoothing things over with Givens, he was never called up to the under-21s again. Since that event, McCann has stated his desire on three occasions to play for the full national side and hoped that his form for his club side could push him into Giovanni Trappatoni's squad, but this never happened.

Personal
McCann is close friends with teammate Kyle Lafferty. Growing up, he supported Manchester United and idolised Andy Cole, who was his teammate at Burnley. On 11 June 2016, McCann married Gaynor Boult and together, they have two children. McCann earned his U.S. green card in February 2017. This status also qualifies him as a domestic player for MLS roster purposes. He lived in the United States for three years before moving back to England, due to his wife unable to settle in the country following the birth of their second child.

Honours
Burnley Wigan Athletic Atlanta United Shamrock Rovers
 * Football League Championship play-offs: 2008–09
 * League One: 2015–16
 * MLS Cup: 2018
 * League of Ireland Premier Division: 2021, 2022
 * President of Ireland's Cup: 2022

title: Chris McCann


text:
User:Akako/Sig

Akako |  ☎

title: User:Akako/Sig


text:
Talk:Feel Good Lost

Fair use rationale for Image:Broken Social Scene-Feel Good Lost.jpg
Image:Broken Social Scene-Feel Good Lost.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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BetacommandBot 00:20, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Feel Good Lost


text:
Abaurrepea/Abaurrea Baja

Abaurrepea/Abaurrea Baja (Abaurrepea is the Basque name, Abaurrea Baja the Spanish; both are recognised officially) is a municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre (Spanish: Navarra), northern Spain. It is situated approximately 67 km from the provincial capital, Pamplona. As of 2005 INE figures, the municipality has a population of c. 41 inhabitants.

Abaurrepea/Abaurrea Baja has an area of 11.1 km², and a median elevation above mean sea level of 855 m.

title: Abaurrepea/Abaurrea Baja


text:
Talk:Broken Social Scene (album)

Release date
I reverted a change of the album release date from the 5th to the 4th. I believe it may have been an attempt at sneaky vandalism - the user otherwise has been adding nonsense to pages today - but I thought I'd write a note here to be sure. The chage was the 4th to the 5th. Amazon has the 4th. Thoughts? --Hansnesse 07:13, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

accordng to the offical arts&crafts-page, their eu-distributor cooperative and musicbrainz it's the 4th. --Wiesengrund 16:40, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Lisa
She's still in the band. I saw them last night (11/11 Ann Arbor Michigan), and Kevin Drew had short little speech about how much they loved her and how she had moved and turned her life around to be a part of the band.

who's the singer on the song Swimmers?
it sounded like the girl from the Yeah Yeah Yeahs, but I might just be wrong.

I do believe its Emily Haines from Metric, but I may be mistaken --207.253.70.47 00:36, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

according to her entry, it's Emily Haines. --Wiesengrund 16:31, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Cdcover bss free 7-4.jpg
Image:Cdcover bss free 7-4.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 05:34, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Cover Broken Social Scene.jpg
Image:Cover Broken Social Scene.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot 04:06, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Broken Social Scene Album Cover.png
Image:Broken Social Scene Album Cover.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 04:42, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Broken Social Scene (album). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080316122825/http://www.rollingstone.com:80/artists/brokensocialscene/albums/album/8791143/review/8855823/broken_social_scene to http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/brokensocialscene/albums/album/8791143/review/8855823/broken_social_scene

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External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Broken Social Scene (album). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20070930153634/http://www.entertainment.ie/reviews/review.asp?ID=4321&subcat=CD to http://www.entertainment.ie/reviews/review.asp?ID=4321&subcat=CD
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20110610121802/http://www.okayplayer.com/content/view/4276/86/ to http://www.okayplayer.com/content/view/4276/86/

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title: Talk:Broken Social Scene (album)


text:
Aberin

Aberin is a municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

title: Aberin


text:
George McCowan

George McCowan (June 27, 1927 – November 1, 1995) was a Canadian film and television director in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.

McCowan began his career working for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. He worked as an actor and director for several seasons at the Stratford Festival, and moved to the United States in 1967.

He directed episodes of Charlie's Angels, S.W.A.T., and Starsky and Hutch, as well as every episode of the popular Canadian series Seeing Things. He also worked on such shows as The Silent Force, The Mod Squad, The Streets of San Francisco, Fantasy Island, and Hart to Hart. McCowan directed the 1970 TV movie Carter's Army, the 1971 Canadian hockey film Face-Off, the fourth and final Magnificent Seven film, The Magnificent Seven Ride! in 1972, the cult horror film Frogs in the same year, and the 1976 film Shadow of the Hawk.

McCowan also directed the film H. G. Wells' The Shape of Things to Come and the 1970 television war movie, The Challenge, but for the latter he chose to be credited as Alan Smithee.

McCowan died of emphysema on November 1, 1995, in Santa Monica, California.

title: George McCowan


text:
Stanley Park (Westfield, Massachusetts)

Stanley Park is a non-profit privately owned park including an arboretum and botanical garden, located in Westfield, Massachusetts. It is open to the public daily without charge from May to November. Although the park is closed during the winter, people can still enter the park at their own risk. The duck pond area is monitored 24/7 with three security cameras, which are accessible on the park's websites.

Stanley Park was founded by Frank Stanley Beveridge in 1949. The park began on a 25 acre plot, but now spans 300 acre with multiple gardens, trails, and playing fields. It is a short walking distance from Westfield State University, located across Western Avenue to the northwest from Stanley Park.

History
Frank Stanley Beveridge was born in Nova Scotia, Canada in 1879, and he moved to western Massachusetts in 1900 to attend Mount Hermon School in Northfield. After graduating, he traveled to New York where he married and began a family. He founded Stanley Home Products in Westfield, Massachusetts. and founded the Frank Stanley Beveridge Foundation in 1947, to both perform charitable works and to further his legacy. He founded Stanley Park in 1949, on 25 acre of land at 400 Western Ave, Westfield. After he died in 1956, the foundation still honors his contributions to the community.

The security cameras at the duck pond were installed about 6 months after three teenagers killed a Muscovy duck in November 2011. Westfield Bank donated the security cameras, after public outcry that the park did not have any surveillance on the duck pond area. A memorial statue for the duck was also erected.

In 2017, a volunteer at the park created a memorial sign to be placed in sight of the life size bronze statue.

Conservation
As of 2018, Stanley Park has prohibited the use of bread for feeding the park's ducks and geese. Stanley Park also has over 300 acres of protected woodland with miles of hiking trails.

List of animals that live at the duck pond

 * American Black Ducks
 * American Pekin Ducks
 * Greylag Geese
 * Brecon Buff Geese
 * Snow Geese

Occasionally wood ducks will visit the pond in the winter, and in the summer some park guests have seen great blue herons.

A greylag goose lived in the pond until November 2, 2018 when he died. He was approximately 25 years old.

The park was established in 1945 by the philanthropist Frank Stanley Beveridge. It includes a number of gardens, listed below, as well as a playground, soccer fields, tennis courts, picnic area, wildlife sanctuary, colonial pond, covered bridge, and blacksmith shop.

 * American Wildflower Society Display Garden - indigenous shade-tolerant New England wildflowers, with peak season in early May.
 * Arboretum (1,000 acres) - trees and shrubs with a 30 ft fountain.
 * Bog garden
 * Herb garden - fragrant, culinary, and medicinal herbs; mid-May through mid-October.
 * Asian garden and teahouse - alpine conifers, rhododendrons, azaleas, and flowering deciduous shrubs with an authentic bamboo Japanese Tea House. Peak season mid-May through mid-June.
 * Rhododendron Display Garden - hundreds of rare species, sponsored by the Massachusetts Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society, with peak season mid-May through early June.
 * Rose Gardens - Over 50 varieties and 2,500 bushes. Winner of the "Outstanding Public Rose Garden" Award from All-America Rose Selections.

General information
Stanley Park's hours of operation are from 7:00 am until nightfall every day. It is open beginning on the first Saturday in May and closes for the season on the last Sunday in November. The park is open to the public and does not charge for admission.

Stanley Park features multiple natural walking trails, throughout the woods and along the Little River, as well as leading to a variety of ponds, gardens, and wildlife sanctuary. Along with experiencing nature, Stanley Park features operating mills, a meetinghouse, blacksmith shop, Asian tea house, and dinosaur tracks. For recreation, the park has many playing fields, cross country course, a playground, and pavilions.

Primary points of interest

 * Arboretum - Approximately 5 acre of land; many trees, shrubs, as well as a 30 ft fountain
 * Carillon Tower - 98 ft high tower, inside there are 25 English bells, 61 Flemish carillon bells, an electric organ; tower has two bronze doors with 14 relief sculptures on them
 * Colonial Pond - Many ducks and swans, two functioning mills: the Old Mill and Water Mill, and a quaint Covered Bridge
 * Rose Garden - More than fifty roses species and 2,500 bushes
 * Wildlife Sanctuary - 198 acre of trails running beside Little River

Other attractions
Other attractions include:

 * ADA Playscape
 * Angel Of Independence Statue
 * Asian Garden/Tea House
 * Basketball Courts
 * Beveridge Pavilion
 * Blacksmith Shop
 * Carriage Shed
 * Cathy’s Garden and Pavilion
 * Cross Country Course
 * Dinosaur Tracks
 * Dorthy Perkins Garden
 * Duck Pond
 * Enchanted Oak
 * Eternal Light, dedicated by Clare Boothe Luce
 * Evelyn B. Rose Garden
 * Frog Pond
 * Herb Garden
 * Lacrosse and Soccer Fields
 * Meeting House
 * Mill Shop
 * Recreation Picnic Area
 * Rhododendron Display Garden
 * Shrine Area
 * The Reeds
 * Tennis Courts
 * Woodland Wildflower Garden

Carillon concerts
Stanley Park holds annual Carillon concerts every first and third Sunday each month. These concerts take place from May to November; beginning at 3:00 pm and ending at 4:00 pm.

Friday Mornings for Children
Stanley Park offers various children’s activities during the summer on Friday mornings. These include story telling, skits, and puppets.

Zoo on the Go
Stanley Park hosts a travelling zoo on three occasions during the summer. Children may pet and ask zookeepers questions about the animals during the event.

Wheel Walk
An annual Wheel Walk to promote accessibility at the park. Food and games provided.

title: Stanley Park (Westfield, Massachusetts)