text:
Kuroishi Station (Aomori)

Kuroishi Station (黒石駅) is a railway station on the Kōnan Railway Kōnan Line in the city of Kuroishi, Aomori, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Konan Railway.

Lines
Kuroishi Station is a terminal station on Kōnan Railway Kōnan Line, and is located 16.8 km from the starting point of the line at Hirosaki. Previously, it was a terminal on the now-defunct Kōnan Railway Kuroishi Line.

Station layout
The station has a single bay platform serving two tracks, although Track 2 is seldom used. The station is fully attended.

History
Kuroishi Station was opened on August 15, 1912 on the Japanese Government Railways Kuroishi Light Railway Line (黒石軽便線). An adjacent Kōnan Kuroishi Station was built in 1950 for use by the Kōnan Line. On November 1, 1984, the Kuroishi Light Railway was sold to the Kōnan Railway Company, and the original Kuroishi Station was demolished. The station has been operated as a (kan'i itaku station) since November 1984. On April 1, 1986 a new station building was completed, and the station reverted to its original name. The Kuroishi Line ceased operations on April 1, 1998.

Surrounding area

 * Kuroishi City Hall
 * Kuroishi Post Office

Bus services

 * Kōnan Bus Company
 * For Aomori-Yadamae via Tobinai, Namioka, Shinjō and Aomori
 * For Kōya via Mayajiri, Tobinai, Namioka and Tarusawa
 * For Namioka Station via Hongō
 * For Hirosaki Bus terminal
 * via Tujinoki, Inakadate and Sakaizeki
 * via Guminoki, Takada, Hatakenaka, Toyomaki, and Wattoku-Kitaguchi
 * For Kawabe via Maeda-Yasiki
 * For Nijinoko-kōen via Yamagatachō and Itadome
 * For Nurukawa via Yamagatachō, Itadome and Nijinoko-kōen
 * For Ōwani Bus office via Tujinoki, Onoe, and Hiraka

title: Kuroishi Station (Aomori)


text:
User:Mcmvanbree

 * "Nec hic praetereundum est, quod huius doctrinae sectatores, qui in assignandis rerum finibus suum ingenium ostentare voluerunt, ad hanc suam doctrinam probandam novum attulerunt modum argumentandi, reducendo scilicet non ad impossibile, sed ad ignorantiam; quod ostendit nullum aliud fuisse huic doctrinae argumentandi medium."
 * Benedictus de Spinoza, Ethica ordine geometrica demonstrata

I am a public relations specialist with a broad experience in the media, arts and non-profit environment. I am currently employed as public relations coordinator and hold a Bachelor of Arts degree in Marketing Communication with a concentration in Public Relations. Visit my Web site

Major Contributions
 * Auditorium Theatre
 * Chicago Lighthouse
 * Chicago Symphony Orchestra
 * Erp
 * Metrosexual
 * Silk Road Project
 * Symphony Center

Starting Contributions
 * Boerdonk
 * Mariachi los Camperos
 * NHK Symphony Orchestra
 * Residentie Orchestra

Minor Contributions
 * Duchy_of_Brabant
 * Edo de Waart
 * Sandro Botticelli

Favorites
 * Topic: Nationalism
 * Wikipedia Entry: Flying Spaghetti Monster
 * Philosopher: Benedictus de Spinoza
 * Philosophy: On Liberty
 * Museum: Galleria degli Uffizi
 * Book: Homage to Catalonia by George Orwell
 * Movie: Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain
 * Rock Music: R.E.M.
 * Classical Music: Chicago Symphony Orchestra
 * Future President: Barack Obama

Shameless Plugs:
 * Marc C.M. van Bree
 * Dutch Perspective Online Magazine

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Mcmvanbree


text:
Dreamboat Annie

Dreamboat Annie is the debut studio album by American rock band Heart. At the time, the band was based in Vancouver, British Columbia; the album was recorded in Vancouver and first released in Canada by the local label Mushroom Records in September 1975, eventually reaching number 20 on RPM Top Album chart and earning a double platinum certification. It was released in the United States on February 14, 1976, through the US subsidiary of Mushroom Records in Los Angeles, peaking at number seven on the Billboard 200. It also reached the top 10 in the Netherlands and Australia in early 1977. The album contains three commercially successful singles, two of which, "Crazy on You" and "Magic Man", became staples on North American FM radio. Producer Mike Flicker helped the group to polish their sound and obtain a recording contract with the label.

Release
Heart's first single, "How Deep It Goes" (backed with "Here Song"), received little attention when released in Canada by the small Mushroom label in early 1975. The second single, "Magic Man" (backed with "How Deep It Goes"), was first picked up for radio play by CJFM-FM 96 in Montreal, while the band was on tour playing small club dates.

Dreamboat Annie was released in Canada in September 1975 following the success of "Magic Man". The album cover was designed by Emily Carr University of Art and Design communication design instructor Deborah Shackleton. Heart's first radio success earned them a spot opening a Montreal concert for Rod Stewart in October 1975 which prompted sales and airplay to increase in that region and then gradually across other regions of the country, partly because Heart's recording qualified as Canadian content thereby assisting radio stations in meeting their Canadian content requirements. The album sold an impressive 30,000 copies across Canada in its first few months, eventually being certified as double platinum for sales of 200,000. Due to the gradual nature of the sales, it only entered the Canadian Albums Chart on September 4, 1976, peaking at number 20 on October 9, 1976.

Internationally, Dreamboat Annie reached number seven in the Netherlands, number nine in Australia, and number 36 in the United Kingdom. "Magic Man" was the first single in these countries, followed by "Crazy on You".

Subsequent events
The success of the album indirectly led to a break between the band and label. The first cracks appeared when the group tried to renegotiate their royalty rate to be more in keeping with what they thought a platinum band should be earning. For this Michael Fisher, who was Ann Wilson's boyfriend at the time, stepped aside as de facto manager and Ken Kinnear was hired. Mushroom's tough stance in negotiations, and their opinion that perhaps the band was a one-hit wonder, led to Mike Flicker leaving the label. He did, however, continue to produce for Heart.

The relationship broke down completely when the label bought a full-page ad in Rolling Stone, mocked up like a National Enquirer front page. The ad used a photo similar to the one on the Dreamboat Annie album cover, showing Ann and Nancy back to back with bare shoulders. The caption under the photo read, "It Was Only Our First Time!" The band had not been consulted and was furious with the double meaning of the caption.

Since the label could no longer provide Flicker as producer as the contract specified, the band took the position that they were free to move to another label and signed with Portrait Records. Mushroom insisted that the band was still bound to the contract which called for two albums. So, Mushroom released Magazine with incomplete tracks, studio outtakes and live material and a disclaimer on the cover.

The band got a federal injunction to stop distribution of the 1977 edition of Magazine. Most of the initial 50,000 pressings were recalled from stores. The court eventually decided that the band could sign with Portrait, but that they did owe Mushroom a second album. The band returned to the studio to re-record, remix, edit, and re-sequence the recordings. Magazine was re-released in 1978 and sold a million copies in less than a month.

Shelly Siegel, the promoter behind the "First Time" ad and vice president of the record label, died a few months after the re-release, and Mushroom Records went bankrupt two years later. The episode had at least one more repercussion. Not long after the ad appeared, a radio promoter asked Ann about her lover; he was referring to Nancy, thus implying that the sisters were incestuous lesbian lovers. The encounter infuriated Ann who went back to her hotel and wrote the words to what became one of Heart's signature songs, "Barracuda".

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Dreamboat Annie.

Heart

 * Ann Wilson – lead vocals (all tracks); flute (tracks 3, 8, 10); backing vocals (tracks 3, 7–9); acoustic guitar (track 9)
 * Nancy Wilson – electric guitar (tracks 1, 6); acoustic guitar (tracks 1, 3, 5–7, 9, 10); backing vocals (tracks 3, 5–10); 12-string acoustic guitar, 6-string acoustic guitar (track 4)
 * Roger Fisher – electric guitar (tracks 1, 3, 4, 6–9); acoustic guitar (track 1); lap steel (track 7)
 * Howard Leese – electric guitar (tracks 1, 3); synthesizer (track 1); orchestral arrangements (tracks 4, 7, 9, 10); bells (track 5); orchestra bells (track 7); backing vocals (track 8)
 * Steve Fossen – bass (tracks 1, 3–8, 10)
 * Mike Derosier – drums (tracks 6, 8)
 * Heart – arrangements

Additional musicians

 * Dave Wilson – drums (track 1)
 * Ray Ayotte – conga (track 1); percussion (track 4)
 * Mike Flicker – percussion (track 1); timpani (track 10); arrangements
 * Kat Hendrikse – drums (tracks 3–5, 7, 10)
 * Rob Deans – synthesizer (tracks 3, 9); orchestral arrangements (tracks 4, 7, 9, 10); piano (tracks 9, 10)
 * Geoff Foubert – backing vocals (tracks 3, 5, 7, 10); banjo (track 5)
 * Tessie Bensussen – backing vocals (tracks 3, 5, 10)
 * Jim Hill – backing vocals (tracks 3, 5, 10)
 * Brian Newcombe – bass (track 9)
 * Duris Maxwell – drums (track 9)

Technical

 * Mike Flicker – production, engineering
 * Mike Fisher – special direction
 * Howard Leese – production assistance
 * Rolf Hennemann – engineering
 * Patrick Collins – mastering

Artwork

 * Toby Rankin – photography
 * Jim Rimmer – signature lettering
 * Captain Paste-Up – layout

title: Dreamboat Annie


text:
Cuando la Sangre Galopa

Cuando la Sangre Galopa is an album recorded by Mexican rock band Jaguares. The LP was released on July 10, 2001 under the label BMG US Latin. It was nominated for Rock Album of the Year at the 2002 Lo Nuestro Awards.

Personnel

 * Saul Hernández (lead voice, guitar, bass guitar)
 * Alfonso André (drums)
 * Cesar “El Vampiro” López García (main guitar)
 * Howard Willing (engineer)
 * Peter DiRado (assistant engineer)
 * David Campbell (arranger, orchestrator and conductor)

Guest musicians
Stuart Hamm, Chucho Merchán, Rubén Maldonado, Luis Conte, Alberto Salas, Patrick Warren, Greg Walls.

title: Cuando la Sangre Galopa


text:
Nord Region (Burkina Faso)

Nord (, "North") is one of Burkina Faso's 13 administrative regions. It was created on 2 July 2001. The population of Nord was 1,720,908 in 2019. The region's capital is Ouahigouya. Four provinces make up the region—Loroum, Passoré, Yatenga, and Zondoma.

As of 2019, the population of the region was 1,720,908 with 52.2% females. The population in the region was 8.39% of the total population of the country. The child mortality rate was 88, infant mortality rate was 72 and the mortality of children under five was 153. The coverage of cereal need compared to the total production of the region was 85%. As of 2007, the literacy rate in the region was 27%, compared to a national average of 28.3%.

Geography
Most of Burkino Faso is a wide plateau formed by riverine systems and is called falaise de Banfora. There are three major rivers, the Red Volta, Black Volta and White Volta, which cuts through different valleys. The climate is generally hot, with unreliable rains across different seasons. Gold and quartz are common minerals found across the country, while manganese deposits are also common. The dry season is usually from October to May and rains are common during the wet season from June to September. The soil texture is porous and hence the yield is also poor. The average elevation is around 200 m to 300 m above mean sea level. Among West African countries, Burkino Faso has the largest elephant population and the country is replete with game reserves. The northern regions are generally arid and usually have scrub land and semi-deserts. The principal river is the Red Volta, that originates in the northern region and drains into Ghana. The areas near the rivers usually have flies like tsetse and similium, which are carriers of sleep sickness and river blindness. The average rainfall in the region is around 25 cm compared to southern regions that receive only 100 cm rainfall.

Demographics
As of 2019, the population of the region was 1,720,908 with 52.2% females. The population in the region was 8.39% of the total population of the country. The child mortality rate was 88, infant mortality rate was 72 and the mortality of children under five was 153. As of 2007, among the working population, there were 43.6% employees, 13.7% under employed, 36.8% inactive people, 42.7% not working and 5.9% unemployed people in the region.

Economy
As of 2007, there were 434.5 km of highways, 135.4 km of regional roads and 569 km of county roads. The first set of car traffic was 40, first set of two-wheeler traffic was 3,061 and the total classified road network was 1,139. The total corn produced during 2015 was 10,256 tonnes, cotton was zero tonnes, cowpea was 110,466 tonnes, ground nut was 26,026 tonnes, millet was 110,057 tonnes, rice was 9,125 tonnes and sorghum was 157,661 tonnes. The coverage of cereal need compared to the total production of the region was 85.00 per cent. As of 2007, the literacy rate in the region was 27 per cent, compared to a national average of 28.3 per cent. The gross primary enrolment was 93.1 per cent, pos-primary was 24 per cent and gross secondary school enrolment was 7.6. There were 233 boys and 372 girls enrolled in the primary and post-secondary level. There were 35 teachers in primary & post-secondary level, while there were 715 teachers in post-primary and post-secondary level.

Local administration
Burkina Faso gained independence from France in 1960. It was originally called Upper Volta. There have been military coups till 1983 when Captain Thomas Sankara took control and implemented radical left wing policies. He was ousted by Blaise Compaore, who continued for 27 years till 2014, when a popular uprising ended his rule. As per Law No.40/98/AN in 1998, Burkina Faso adhered to decentralization to provide administrative and financial autonomy to local communities. There are 13 administrative regions, each governed by a Governor. The regions are subdivided into 45 provinces, which are further subdivided into 351 communes. The communes may be urban or rural and are interchangeable. There are other administrative entities like department and village. An urban commune has typically 10,000 people under it. If any commune is not able to get 75 per cent of its planned budget in revenues for 3 years, the autonomy is taken off. The communes are administered by elected Mayors. The communes are stipulated to develop economic, social and cultural values of its citizens. A commune has financial autonomy and can interact with other communes, government agencies or international entities.

title: Nord Region (Burkina Faso)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Violation of Probation

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 17:40, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Violation of Probation
Bandcruft vanity article. See also Articles for deletion/Vop and Articles for deletion/V.o.p. which is the same article three times. CambridgeBayWeather 08:49, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * There is now a redirect page Violation of probation to this article. CambridgeBayWeather 09:05, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Vanity may be my favourite sin, but this should still be packed off to /dev/null. Anville 10:12, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete lyrics about fat chicks may be some interesting kind of claim of notability but alas, I vote to delete. Qaz ( talk ) 10:15, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, doesn't meet WP:MUSIC. A note to the "Cannabis" brothers... the "brothers" thing has been done.--Isotope23 16:04, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vop

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 17:38, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Vop
Bandcruft vanity article. See also Violation of Probation and Articles for deletion/V.o.p. which is the same article three times. CambridgeBayWeather 08:49, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete same as above. Anville 10:13, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete lyrics about fat chicks may be some interesting kind of claim of notability but alas, I vote to delete. Qaz ( talk ) 10:14, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete doppelganger article.--Isotope23 16:21, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vop


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/V.o.p.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 17:37, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

V.o.p.
Bandcruft vanity article. See also Articles for deletion/Vop and Violation of Probation which is the same article three times. CambridgeBayWeather 08:50, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete lyrics about fat chicks may be some interesting kind of claim of notability but alas, I vote to delete. Qaz  ( talk ) 10:12, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Heh heh heh. Agreed, they're just not quite notable enough to stay.  Anville 10:14, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete doppelganger article.--Isotope23 16:22, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/V.o.p.


text:
Boolarra, Victoria

Boolarra is a small township located in the Latrobe Valley, in central Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. At the 2016 Census, Boolarra had a population of 973 with 48% males and 52% females and an average age of 50. The Boolarra Folk Festival is held in the town every year in March and attracts music lovers from around Australia and the world. The town is also infamous for producing the Boolarra strain of carp (Cyprinus carpio) which, after their release into the Murray River near Mildura, spread throughout Australia.

The name Boolarra is believed to be derived from an expression in one of the local Aboriginal languages meaning 'plentiful' or 'twenty'. The Post Office opened on 1 September 1884 prior to the railway arriving in 1885.

The town is at one end of the Grand Ridge Rail Trail, which travels for 13 kilometres through temperate rainforest and dry sclerophyll forest in the Strzelecki Ranges. The original railway branch line from Morwell to Boolarra, was opened on 10 April 1885, with the last train being run on 22 June 1974. The railway was constructed through difficult hilly terrain requiring construction of massive embankments and numerous bridges.

The town has an Australian Rules football team competing in the Mid Gippsland Football League.

History
Prior to colonisation, the Boolarra area was part of the country of the Gunaikurnai people, who had lived there for over 20,000 years.

The first European settler, W.H. Penaluna, arrived around 1878, taking up land along the Morwell River and erecting the Settlers' Arms Hotel. Land was quickly taken up, when a railway line was built in 1884‑5, connecting Mirboo North, Boolarra and Yinnar to Morwell, on the main Melbourne‑Sale line.

The hill country south and east of the Morwell River was opened up and a series of small communities, such as Budgeree, Gunyah, Ruyton Junction and English's Corner, began to flourish as goods and services flowed to and from Boolarra, which was the commercial and agricultural centre of the district.

Initially, the early settlers depended on timber and mixed farming for their livelihood. Blackwood for furniture and palings, cut from the surrounding forests, was freighted to Melbourne.

Butter, salted and packed on the farm, was also sent to the city. In 1905, the Danish firm Heyman set up a butter factory in Boolarra, and dairying became the main industry of the district. At that time, Boolarra's population rivalled that of Morwell.

At its peak, Boolarra supported three general stores, three hotels and four churches, along with two butchers, two bakers and three confectionery shops. Horses were harnessed and shod by two blacksmiths and the butter factory provided the bulk of employment for the town's youth. At one stage, a black coal and bauxite mine triggered an investment flow into the town.

Sadly, in 1937, a large fire raged through Tarwin Street, destroying many of the original shop fronts.

After World War II, residents banded together to create a Memorial Park, with the names of the town's fallen soldiers inscribed on its gates.

Today
Modernisation of farming and improved transport links have brought changes to many small rural towns, with car travel to the larger commercial centres in the Latrobe Valley increasing.

Boolarra, no longer a centre, has settled down to become an attractive town with a friendly rural atmosphere.

Today a large fish farm exports goldfish to the national market.

Despite being related to carp, little is known about the impact goldfish have on native fish, particularly in regard to competition for food, resources and habitat. Few detrimental effects have been recorded, however, this may be due to limited research. One impact that has been well recorded is the transmission of disease.

Goldfish ulcer disease (GUD) is a bacterial disease first isolated from a goldfish farm in Victoria in 1974. Since then outbreaks have occurred at warm water fish hatcheries in NSW and Victoria. NSW DPI researchers have found that fingerlings of Murray cod, golden perch and silver perch are resistant to GUD. However, there has been one recorded outbreak of the disease in a silver perch fish farm in NSW. Trout are at high risk of infection.

Farming is still important, as is Timber, which is harvested from plantation forests in the hills. There has been an influx of new residents, retirees and young families from the city. The old railway line, closed in 1974, has become an attractive Rail ‑Trail bush walk from Boolarra to Mirboo North. The Old Boolarra Pub has been restored.

Numerous sporting clubs use the recreational facilities of the Memorial Park, a modern school and kindergarten provide excellent educational facilities, and an historical society has converted the Old Boolarra School into a museum to preserve the local heritage.

Shops and cafes in Boolarra include the Boolarra Community Hotel, Boolarra Store (general store/cafe), post office, and the Boolarra Emporium.

In 2011, The Boolarra Australian Rules Football team, known as the Demons, won their first Mid-Gippsland premiership since 1997, defeating the Trafalgar Bloods.

Boolarra Folk Festival
The Boolarra Folk Festival was first held in 2003 in Railway and Centenary Parks in Tarwin Street, Boolarra. The free, whole-day music concert is complemented by a large arts, craft and produce market.

Newspaper
The Boolarra Link is a volunteer community newspaper published quarterly in March, June, October and December. The newspaper is published by the Latrobe Valley Express.

title: Boolarra, Victoria


text: User:The Raven's Apprentice/Userboxes/User PC


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lists of professional sports post-season droughts

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE.  Rob e  rt  00:00, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Lists of professional sports post-season droughts
Found this by clicking the random page, and what a treat it was to behold. Four items (two of them redlinks) do not a list make. Miniscule, ugly, pointless. And would anyone ever type this into the search page? They would not. If anything, it's a category. Delete. Proto t c 08:52, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete right up there with List of footballers with mustaches and deformed TV personalities.  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  12:16, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Drought (sport), since the content is already in that article. Punkmorten 22:19, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. While we have the content as noted by Punkmorten, I doubt if anyone is going to search for it under this title. Capitalistroadster 00:09, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Capitalistroadster. --Jacquelyn Marie 03:39, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * delete no need to redirect unless material has been copied and this is so short, obvious and mechanical that it would be fair use even if it had. Mozzerati 20:52, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Stalk-eyed fly

Stalk-eyed flies are insects of the fly family Diopsidae. The family is distinguished from most other flies by most members of the family possessing "eyestalks": projections from the sides of the head with the eyes at the end. Some fly species from other families such as Drosophilidae, Platystomatidae, Richardiidae, and Tephritidae have similar heads, but the unique character of the Diopsidae is that their antennae are located on the stalk, rather than in the middle of the head as in all other flies. Stalked eyes are present in all members of the subfamily Diopsinae, but are absent in the Centrioncinae, which retain unstalked eyes similar to those of other flies. The stalked eyes are usually sexually dimorphic, with eyestalks present but shorter in females.

The stalk-eyed flies are up to a centimeter long, and they feed on both decaying plants and animals. Their unique morphology has inspired research into how the attribute may have arisen through forces of sexual selection and natural selection. Studies of the behavior of the Diopsidae have yielded important insights into the development of sexual ornamentation, the genetic factors that maintain such a morphological feature, sexual selection, and the handicap principle.

Distribution and habitat
More than 100 species in the Diopsidae are known, with the greatest diversity found in the Old World tropics. They are distributed throughout the region, with the best-known species being from Southeast Asia and Southern Africa. Also, two species in North America have been described and a European species has recently been found in Hungary.

Adult diopsids are typically found on low-lying vegetation in humid areas, often near streams and rivers, where they feed on fungi and bacteria, which they scavenge from decaying vegetation. The larvae are saprophagic or phytophagous, eating decaying and fresh plant matter. Diopsis macrophthalma Dalman, 1817, is a pest of rice and sorghum in tropical Africa.

The peculiar morphology of stalk-eyed flies makes it easy to identify their fossils (e.g. in amber); one fossil genus is Prosphyracephala, known from Eocene aged Baltic amber. This genus has stalked eyes and is the earliest diverging member of the Diopsinae.

Morphology
The Diopsidae are small to medium-sized flies, ranging from about 4.0 to about 12.0 mm in length. Their heads are subtriangular, with transverse eye stalks in all genera except the African genus Centrioncus and Teloglabrus. The head is usually sparsely haired, with vibrissae (whiskers) absent.

The posterior portion of the fly's metathorax, or scutellum, has a pair of stout processes, and often the laterotergite (one of a number of lateral flanges) of the postnotum (a small dorsal sclerite on the insect thorax posterior to the notum) has a dome-like swelling or spine-like process. The anterior femora of the legs are stout, with ventral spines. Adult males have lost tergites seven and eight, and the seventh sternite forms a complete ventral band.

Stalk-eyed flies, as the name implies, typically possess eyestalks (in all but the two genera listed above). Their eyes are mounted on projections from the sides of the head, and the antennae are located on the eyestalks, unlike stalk-eyed flies from other families. Though both males and females of most species have eyestalks, they are much longer in males, a sexual dimorphism thought to be due to sexual selection. A rather remarkable feature of stalk-eyed flies is their ability, shortly after they emerge from their pupae, to ingest air through their oral cavity and pump it through ducts in the head to the tips of the eye stalks, thereby elongating them while they are still soft and transparent.

Taxonomy
True stalk-eyed flies are members of the family Diopsidae, first described by Fothergill, with the genus Diopsis named by Carl Linnaeus in 1775. The family Diopsidae is contained within the order Diptera and suborder Cyclorrhapha; it is divided into two subfamilies:

Centrioncinae
The African genus Centrioncus (once placed in Sepsidae, but then moved to Diopsidae) was once recommended to be treated as a separate family, Centrioncidae, a sister group of the diopsids, but since then this lineage has usually been treated as a subfamily.
 * 1) Centrioncus
 * 2) Teloglabrus

Diopsinae
The Global Biodiversity Information Facility includes:

 * 1) Cladodiopsis
 * 2) Cobiopsis
 * 3) Cyrtodiopsis
 * 4) Diasemopsis
 * 5) Diopsina
 * 6) Diopsis
 * 7) Eosiopsis
 * 8) Eurydiopsis
 * 9) Madagopsina
 * 10) Megalabops
 * 11) Pseudodiopsis
 * 12) Sinodiopsis
 * 13) Sphyracephala
 * 14) Teleopsis
 * Prosphyracephala

Vision
Despite the unusual morphology of the eye, each compound eye sees a region of space extending over more than a hemisphere in all directions. Thus, extensive binocular overlap occurs, with about 70% of the ommatidia of each eye having a binocular partner ommatidium in the opposite eye which views in the same direction. The binocular field is most extensive in the frontoventral quadrant, where it reaches over 135°, and is smallest in the dorsal region. The behavior of stalk-eyed flies is very much determined by vision. During the day, temporary territories may be defended by threatening behavior. At dusk, the animals gather in small groups on selected thread-like structures, returning to the same site each day. When males of about equal size encounter one another within such a group, they may engage in ritualized fights (or occasionally contact fights). Competitors are driven away by the dominant male. Conspecifics are most likely to elicit a threat or flight reaction when they are at a distance of about 50 mm, and reactions to model flies and reflections in a mirror also occur at about this distance.

Mating
Stalk-eyed flies roost at night on root hairs hanging by streams. Mating usually takes place in the early morning in the vicinity of their roosts. Females show a strong preference for roosting and mating with males with longer eyestalks, and males compete with each other to control lekking aggregations through ritualized contest. This contest involves males facing one another and comparing their relative eye spans, often with the front legs spread apart, possibly to emphasize their eye-stalk lengths. Male stalk-eyed flies with long eyestalks gain mating advantages both because of female choice and because they are better able to compete with rival males.

Sexual selection
Though the evolution of exaggerated male traits as a result of female mate choice was at one point controversial, the Diopsidae are now regarded as a classic example of animals that exhibit sexually selected traits. One view maintains that male ornaments co-evolve with female preferences. The selection of an ornamented mate causes genes that influence expression of the selected male trait and genes coding for female preference for this trait to be passed on to offspring. This process creates linkage disequilibrium between selected alleles, with the magnitude of resulting genetic correlations influencing evolutionary outcomes. If the genetic correlation is high relative to the heritability of the male ornament, then a runaway process can occur leading to extreme sexually selected traits, such as the incredible eye spans observed in male stalk-eyed flies. Otherwise, the trait and preference for the trait increase until natural selection against further trait elaboration balances sexual selection.

The extreme morphology exhibited by stalk-eyed flies (especially males) has been studied in an effort to support the hypothesis that exaggerated male traits could evolve through female mate choice and that the selection on male ornaments should cause a correlated response in female preferences. Researchers noted that the flies roosted along stream banks in peninsular Malaysia and that the males with the largest eye spans were accompanied by more females than males with shorter eye spans. From January to October, the researchers counted males and females on 40 root hairs along a single 200-m stretch of stream bank to confirm this observation.

Sexual selection experiments
Researchers collected stalk-eyed flies and observed their behavior under laboratory conditions. In the lab, each individual was scored for eye spans, body length, age, and fecundity. Observations of pairs of males differing in eye span but matched in body length were conducted to quantify mate choice in the presence and absence of male interactions. Test males with the longest or shortest eye-span to body-length ratios were mated with 25 randomly chosen females. Wilkinson and Reillo then tested female choice in the presence and absence of male competition and in the presence of males with abnormally long and abnormally short eye spans.

Males dispersed themselves, while females clustered in certain areas of the cage. As observed prior to the study, researchers found that the average number of females per male increased with male eye span in field collected aggregations of stalk-eyed flies. Under laboratory conditions, researchers found that female preferences for male characteristics changed as the males sexual characteristics changed. After 13 generations of artificial selection, they found that long eye-span male line females (i.e. females whose fathers had long eye spans) preferred long eye spans in both the selected males and in males that were not bred through artificial selection, while short eye-span male line females (i.e. females whose fathers had short eye spans) found short eye spans to be the most attractive, even over males with long eye spans. Because researchers kept the females separate from males prior to mate selection, the finding supported the hypothesis that the change in female mate choice was genetically based and not learned. Thus, stalk-eyed flies have been able to evolve a sexual trait in males that corresponds directly to traits that affect mating choices made by females.

Handicap selection
However, the evolution of extreme morphology in male flies and the corresponding evolution of female preference for these characteristics as an effect of sexual selection is only half the picture. Handicap models of sexual selection predict that male sexual ornaments have strong condition-dependent expression, and this allows females to evaluate male genetic quality.

Genetic variation underlies the response to environmental stress, such as variable food quality, of male sexual ornaments, such as the increased eye span, in the stalk-eyed fly. Some male genotypes develop large eye spans under all conditions, whereas other genotypes progressively reduce eye spans as environmental conditions deteriorate. Several nonsexual traits, including female eye span and male and female wing length, also show condition-dependent expression, but their genetic response is entirely explained by scaling with body size. Unlike these characteristics, male eye span still reveals genetic variation in response to environmental stress after accounting for differences in body size. Thus, it could be inferred that these results strongly support the conclusion that female mate choice yields genetic benefits for offspring as eye span acts as a truthful indicator of male fitness. Eye span is, therefore, selected not only on the basis of attractiveness, but also because it demonstrates good genes in mates.

Furthermore, some populations of stalk-eyed fly females carry a meiotic drive gene on their X chromosomes that causes female-biased sex ratios. In these populations, males which carry a gene to suppress X-chromosome meiotic drive have longer eyestalks. Thus, females that mate with these males gain a direct genetic benefit by producing male offspring in a female-biased population. In other words, the gene for long eye-stalks is linked to a gene that makes males sire more male offspring. Alternatively, long stalks may signal fertility, perhaps by encouraging females to use the sperm of a long-stalked male so as to produce more fertile sons.

title: Stalk-eyed fly


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Inspiron 6000

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was merge to Dell Inspiron. Rob Church Talk 02:13, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Inspiron 6000
Nominate for user Fsdfs since he didn't finish process. gren グレン 08:54, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect, merge to Dell Inspiron -- no need for each model. Protect page if necessary. gren グレン 08:54, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge per User:Grenavitar Pilatus 09:49, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect preferably to Dell, even  Dell Inspiron is too specific.   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  12:18, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect as per user Gren. Capitalistroadster 17:47, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Inspiron 9300

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was merge to Dell Inspiron. Rob Church Talk 02:02, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Inspiron 9300
Nominate for user Fsdfs since he didn't finish process. gren グレン 08:54, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect, merge to Dell Inspiron -- no need for each model. Protect page if necessary. gren グレン 08:54, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge per User:Grenavitar Pilatus 09:49, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect preferably to Dell, even Dell Inspiron is too specific.   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  12:19, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect as per user Gren. Capitalistroadster 17:51, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Purple Line (ceasefire line)

The Purple Line was the ceasefire line between Israel and Syria after the 1967 Six-Day War and serves as the de facto border between the two countries.

History
Syria gained independence from France in 1946 and on May 14, 1948, the British withdrew from Palestine as Israel declared its independence. Syrian forces participated in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War between Arab forces and the newly established State of Israel. In 1949, armistice agreements were signed and a provisional border between Syria and Israel was delineated (based on the 1923 international border; see San Remo conference). Syrian and Israeli forces clashed on numerous occasions in the spring of 1951. The hostilities, which stemmed from Syrian opposition to an Israeli drainage project in the demilitarized zone, ceased on May 15, after intercession by the United Nations Security Council.

In June 1967 after battling Syria, Jordan and Egypt in the Six-Day War, Israel captured the entire length of the Golan Heights including its principal city Quneitra. The resulting ceasefire line (dubbed the "Purple Line" as it was drawn on the UN's maps) was supervised by a series of positions and observation posts manned by observers of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization and became the new effective border between Israel and Syria.

In a surprise attack consisting of a massive armored thrust, the Syrians crossed the Purple Line into the Golan Heights during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. After several days of very heavy fighting on the Golan they were pushed back deeper into Syria and Israel conquered further territory inside Syria beyond the Purple Line by the time a ceasefire was reached. In the disengagements negotiations after the war, Israel and Syria agreed on May 31, 1974, to pull back their respective forces on the Golan Heights to the Purple Line. On the same day, a United Nations buffer zone was set up and the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force Zone (UNDOF) was established by the United Nations after the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 350.

title: Purple Line (ceasefire line)


text:
Plateau-Central Region

Plateau-Central (, "Central Plateau") is one of Burkina Faso's 13 administrative regions. It was created on 2 July 2001 and had a population of 977,510 in 2019. The region's capital is Ziniaré. Three provinces make up the region—Ganzourgou, Kourwéogo, and Oubritenga.

As of 2019, the population of the region was 977,510 with 53.1% females. The population in the region was 4.77% of the total population of the country. The child mortality rate was 83, infant mortality rate was 59 and the mortality of children under five was 138. As of 2007, the literacy rate in the region was 21.1%, compared to a national average of 28.3%. The coverage of cereal need compared to the total production of the region was 111%.

Geography
Most of Burkina Faso is a wide plateau formed by riverine systems and is called falaise de Banfora. There are three major rivers, the Red Volta, Black Volta and White Volta, which cuts through different valleys. The climate is generally hot, with unreliable rains across different seasons. Gold and quartz are common minerals found across the country, while manganese deposits are also common. The dry season is usually from October to May and rains are common during the wet season from June to September. The soil texture is porous and hence the yield is also poor. The average elevation is around 200 m to 300 m above mean sea level. Among West African countries, Burkino Faso has the largest elephant population and the country is replete with game reserves. The northern regions are generally arid and usually have scrub land and semi-deserts. The principal river is the Red Volta, that originates in the northern region and drains into Ghana. The areas near the rivers usually have flies like tsetse and similium, which are carriers of sleep sickness and river blindness. The average rainfall in the region is around 25 cm compared to southern regions that receive only 100 cm rainfall.

Demographics
As of 2019, the population of the region was 977,510 with 53.1% females. The population in the region was 4.77% of the total population of the country. The child mortality rate was 83, infant mortality rate was 59 and the mortality of children under five was 138. As of 2007, among the working population, there were 69.5% employees, 10.30% under employed, 19.2% inactive people, 20.2% not working and 1% unemployed people in the region.

Economy
As of 2007, the literacy rate in the region was 21.1 per cent, compared to a national average of 28.3 per cent. The gross primary enrolment was 80.5 per cent, pos-primary was 25 per cent and gross secondary school enrolment was 5.6. There were 0 boys and 0 girls enrolled in the primary and post-secondary level. There were 0 teachers in primary & post-secondary level, while there were 461 teachers in post-primary and post-secondary level. As of 2007, there were 218.6 km of highways, 172.8 km of regional roads and 253.2 km of county roads. The first set of car traffic was 15, first set of two-wheeler traffic was 1,136 and the total classified road network was 645. The total corn produced during 2015 was 26,551 tonnes, cotton was 6,424 tonnes, cowpea was 65,486 tonnes, ground nut was 26,668 tonnes, millet was 59,427 tonnes, rice was 15,863 tonnes and sorghum was 120,260 tonnes. The coverage of cereal need compared to the total production of the region was 111.00 per cent.

Administration
Burkina Faso gained independence from France in 1960. It was originally called Upper Volta. There have been military coups till 1983 when Captain Thomas Sankara took control and implemented radical left wing policies. He was ousted by Blaise Compaore, who continued for 27 years till 2014, when a popular uprising ended his rule. As per Law No.40/98/AN in 1998, Burkina Faso adhered to decentralization to provide administrative and financial autonomy to local communities. There are 13 administrative regions, each governed by a Governor. The regions are subdivided into 45 provinces, which are further subdivided into 351 communes. The communes may be urban or rural and are interchangeable. There are other administrative entities like department and village. An urban commune has typically 10,000 people under it. If any commune is not able to get 75 per cent of its planned budget in revenues for 3 years, the autonomy is taken off. The communes are administered by elected Mayors. The communes are stipulated to develop economic, social and cultural values of its citizens. A commune has financial autonomy and can interact with other communes, government agencies or international entities.

title: Plateau-Central Region


text:
Danish Australian Football League

The Dansk Australsk Fodbold Liga (Eng: Danish Australian Football League) is the controlling body and main league for the sport of Australian rules football in Denmark. Founded in 1989, regular competition commenced in 1991. Despite being predominantly Danish, the league includes clubs in Scania (Swedish: Skåne, southernmost region of Sweden).

Participation
DAFL is often considered the largest and most successful Australian Rules football competition outside the English speaking world with hundreds of participants playing on tailor-made ovals each weekend across the country. In 2013 Aksel Bang, a product of the DAFL, accepted an international scholarship from AFL club Greater Western Sydney giants.

History
In 1989 Mick Sitch (cousin of Rob Sitch ) placed an advertisement in a Danish newspaper asking if there were any interested parties who would like to meet him for a kick-to-kick in Fælledparken, a public park in Copenhagen. In addition to Mick, two other people turned up, a Dane, Robbie Larsen, and Steve McCay were present at the first informal training session, which formed the basis of a future league. In 1990 regular training sessions were held, with numbers swelling to the point where the players split themselves into three groups with the intention of starting a competition the following year.

The foundation clubs of the league were the Amager Tigers, Copenhagen Crocodiles and North Copenhagen Barracudas. Official league play began on June 8, 1991 with North Copenhagen taking on Copenhagen. In 1993, the next team to join the league were the Aalborg Kangaroos, based in northern Jutland and around six hours' travel from Copenhagen, followed in 1994 by the Helsingborg Saints in southern Sweden.

1995 saw two new expansion sides, the Farum Lions forming in the Copenhagen suburbs and a group leaving the Helsingborg Saints to found Sweden's second team, the Lund Bulldogs. Lund folded during the 1995 season, the number of clubs remaining at six until the Århus Bombers join the league in 1997 as the second side in Jutland.

With no new teams since 1997 and player numbers decreasing for the first time, the DAFL restructured its competition in 2003. The concept was based on more games between more (and smaller) teams - with three conferences making up the league. These were to be the Jutland Conference and the Zealand Conference in Denmark and the Scania Conference in Sweden. Clubs would be split into smaller squads and representative sides from the three conferences would play a regional series. The champion sides of each conference would then play a Denmark/Scania wide finals series to determine DAFL premiers.

This format was then reinvented a second time in 2005. Instead of adding a new level above the regular league play, as had been the case in 2003, the new league replaced the regional series with the club-based DAFL Premier League. The Premier League teams in 2007 are the North Copenhagen Barracudas, Farum Cats, Copenhagen Crocodiles, Jutland Shinboners, Port Malmö Maulers and the South Sweden Saints. Sides in the Premier League draw their players from four local leagues, based on North Zealand, Copenhagen, Jutland and Scania.

In 2011, prior to the 2012 season, the DAFL constitution was rewritten, changing the way DAFL is run. DAFL now has a board and they put down a league committee to run the actual league. This is to free up time for the board to focus on spreading knowledge of Australian Rules Football. The committee has a member from each club in the league, while the board has four members; a president, a vice president, a cashier and an Elite Committee President, who as the title suggests is the president of the DAFL Elite Committee, who is responsible for the Danish national team as well as tryouts for European teams.

The current (2015) president is Simon Malone. The vice president is Gavin Ward, the treasurer is Laszlo Peter Horvath and the Elite and Development Committee President is Morten Merhøj. In 2016 Maria Falkesgaard Jørgensen will replace Gavin Ward as vice president and Frederik Bøgeskov Schmidt will replace Laszlo Peter Horwath as treasurer

The teams that competed in the 2015 DAFL Premier League were Aalborg Kangaroos, Port Malmö Mailers, Copenhagen Barracudas, Copenhagen Giants, Odense Lions and reigning premiers Farum Cats. This brings the total number of teams to 6, 1 less than 2014 with the withdrawal of Helsingborg Saints. Copenhagen Giants won their first flag, coming into the finals placed fourth (due to better percentage than Port Malmö Maulers) and beating Aalborg Kangaroos in the Grand Final.

Jutland
The sole competing team from Jutland are the Aalborg Kangaroos, playing in green and gold. The Aalborg Kangaroos were formed in 1993, the first DAFL club outside Copenhagen and lasted until 2003, when with the DAFL league restructure, the Aalborg club created two squads, the Kangaroos and the Power for the newly formed Jutland Conference. From 2005 they were a feeder club for the Jutland Shinboners until 2013, when they reentered DAFL Premier League as their own unit, changing outfits from the classic blue and white Kangaroos guernseys to the current custom made green and gold.

The other existing DAFL membership club in Jutland is the Randers Dockers. Randers competed as their own team in the 2013 DAFL Premier League, but had to withdraw late for the 2014 season. Randers is still a membership club of DAFL, but are not competing in the 2015 Premier League. Randers historically played in white guernseys with a purple anchor from Fremantle Dockers.

Funen
The sole team from Funen is the Odense Lions. Formed in 2012 by former Farum Cats player Morten Merhøj and Australian Daniel Petrolo, Odense competed in DAFL Premier League for the first time in 2014, after some of their players were registered to play for Randers the year before. Odense plays custom made in red/burgundy, blue and gold.

Zealand
There are currently three teams from Zealand in the DAFL Premier League, the Farum Cats, the Copenhagen Barracudas and the Copenhagen Giants.

The club in Farum, originally dubbed the Lions, formed in late 1994, joining the DAFL for the 1995 season. They reached the grand final in every one of their first four seasons, although they only won the premiership in 1996. Farum have had an active junior department program since 1998, with half of the current senior players originally coming to the club as juniors. A partnership arrangement with the Geelong Football Club of the Australian Football League saw the club change its name and playing strip to match that of the Geelong club, and send senior and regular junior sides on tours of Australia. Farum is the most successful club in DAFL history, winning the Premier League a total of 8 times; in 1996, then three years running in 2005-2007 and every year since 2011. The current streak (4 years) is also a DAFL record. Farum plays in custom made navy blue and white guernseys with the old club shield on the stomach and the newer on the chest. It also shows the old DAFL logo on the chest. Since 2013, Farum Cats have been one of two teams under Farum Cats Australsk Fodboldklub (the other being FC Demons). In 2015, the Farum Cats Australsk Fodboldklub changed name to Farum Australsk Fodbold to accommodate also having a second team (being renamed Copenhagen Giants for the 2015 season). Since 2013, Troels Ottesen has coached and Thore Lauritzen has captained the team.

The Copenhagen Giants (formerly FC Demons) is a team under Farum Australsk Fodbold, based largely in Copenhagen but with home ground in Farum. The team was formed for the 2013 (when DAFL switched from 16 aside to 12 aside) season as a team for the Farum Cats players that had moved to Copenhagen. They were named FC Demons for the first two seasons, and achieved mixed success. In the first season they reached the finals after finishing in second place, but lost both their final games to Port Malmö and Farum. In their second season they were hit by injuries and lack of numbers, and forfeited half their games - making it an abysmal season. At the end of the season, there were talks about folding the team, but the team got rejuvenated energy and a few new players and decided to continue. During the winter a deal was made with Greater Western Sydney Giants which saw the team change name to Copenhagen Giants and as return they received a set of guernseys from them. The team now plays in GWS Giants clash guernseys (white with a dark grey G and orange borders). Since the beginning in 2013, the team has been coached by Morten Engsbye and captained by Simon Malone.

The Copenhagen Barracudas is the sole team fielded in the Premier League by Copenhagen Australian Football - the club founded from the three founding Copenhagen clubs. Copenhagen Australian Football was founded in 2014, effectively joining North Copenhagen Barracudas with the Copenhagen X-Men - who had players from Amager Tigers and Copenhagen Crocs. The Barracudas play in custom made guernseys based on the colours of Adelaide Crows with their insignia on the front.

Former clubs and teams
The North Copenhagen Barracudas were a foundation club of the DAFL, playing in every season since the league started in 1991. After the 2003 league restructure, the club fielded two senior sides, the Barras and the Cudas. After the 2005 restructure, the club fielded the Barracudas team in the DAFL Premier League and two squads in the Copenhagen local league until 2014.

The Copenhagen Crocs were also a foundation club of the Danish Australian Football League and have played (in some form) in every season of the DAFL since it began in 1991. With the league restructure in 2005, the Crocs fielded a combined side with the Amager Tigers in the DAFL Premier League, dubbed the Copenhagen Hawks. The Crocs traditionally wore the colours of the Carlton Blues from the AFL. The Crocodiles returned to the Premier League in 2006. The Copenhagen Crocs are now part of Copenhagen Australian Football

The Amager Tigers, based in Amager in the southern Copenhagen urban area, were formed as the third foundation club of the DAFL, competing in every season (in some form) from 1991 to 2005. The Tigers had the most successful premiership record of any club in the DAFL, however they often struggled for year-to-year consistency, with premiership years followed by a finish near the bottom of the ladder. After the 2005 DAFL restructure, Amager fielded a combined side with the Copenhagen Crocodiles for play in the DAFL Premier League, to be named the Copenhagen Hawks. In early 2006 they announced that they would not field any teams that season, but may do so again in future. As of 2014 they are now a part of Copenhagen Australian Football.

East Coast Bulldogs was a newer team in the DAFL based in Greve, who never entered the Premier League, but played in DAFL Sjælland 9's. The club was founded by formed Farum player Gavin Hollingworth but was folded due to lack of time and playerbase.

Scania
Due to its proximity to Denmark, the region of Scania in southern Sweden has fielded teams in DAFL Premier League for many years. Over the years they've had Port Malmö, Helsingborg, Southern Sweden and Lund. Currently only the Port Malmö Maulers compete in Premier League after Helsingborg Saints withdrew for the 2015 season to focus on AFL Sweden. Helsingborg have however confirmed that they will return to DAFL for the 2016 season.

National team
Denmark's national representative team are known as the Vikings. They have played a number of international fixtures dating back to the 1990s.

They competed in the Australian Football International Cup in Melbourne, finishing a respectable fourth behind Ireland, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand. The Vikings withdrew from the 2005 International Cup due to lack of funds, although they returned to the 2008 International Cup.

In 2014 and 2015 the Vikings have won back to back AFL Europe Euro Cup victories, after finishing as runners up in 2012.

Premiers
* Best on ground in Grand Final

Sitch Medallists (Best & Fairest)

 * 1991 Kim Madsen (Amager)
 * 1992 Aaron Ravenarki (Copenhagen)
 * 1993 Ian Moore (North Copenhagen)
 * 1994 Rick Ellis (Amager)
 * 1995 Jesper Gjørup (Aalborg)
 * 1996 Jesper Gjørup (Aalborg)
 * 1997 Shaun Hawking (Amager)
 * 1998 Mogens Hansen (North Copenhagen)
 * 1999 Duncan Milward (Aalborg)
 * 2000 Andreas Svensson (Helsingborg)
 * 2001 Andreas Svensson (Helsingborg)
 * 2002 Andreas Svensson (Helsingborg)
 * 2003 Páll Tómas Finnsson (Aalborg Kangaroos)
 * 2004 Mogens Hansen (North Copenhagen Cudas)
 * 2005 Frederik Schulin (Jutland)
 * 2006 Christian Rose (Farum)
 * 2007 Tim Feldtmann (North Copenhagen)
 * 2008 Tim Feldtmann (North Copenhagen)
 * 2009 Steve Wood (North Copenhagen)
 * 2010 Nick Ingall (North Copenhagen)
 * 2011 James Coumans (Farum)
 * 2012 Mathias Biron (Farum)
 * 2013 Troels Ottesen (Farum)
 * 2014 Aksel Bang (Aalborg)
 * 2015 Aksel Bang (Aalborg)
 * 2016 William Andersen (Farum)
 * 2017 Thore Lauritzen (Farum)
 * 2018 Aksel Bang (Aalborg)
 * 2019 Mikkel Kjøge (Farum)
 * 2020 William Andersen (Farum) and Chris Campion (Farum)

title: Danish Australian Football League


text:
Olav Reiersøl

Olav Reiersøl (28 June 1908 – 14 February 2001) was a Norwegian statistician and econometrician, who made several substantial contributions to econometrics and statistics. His works on identifiability and instrumental variables are standard references both in econometrics and statistics, and his work on genetic algebras are frequently cited in genetics.

Reiersøl became interested in the international language Esperanto at a young age, and later in life used it to keep in touch with other mathematicians. He was one of the founders of the Esperanto association Internacia Asocio de Esperantistaj Matematikistoj ("International Association of Esperantist Mathematicians").

He was made a fellow of the Econometric Society in 1952.

title: Olav Reiersøl


text: User talk:71.101.112.142

title: User talk:71.101.112.142


text:
Talk:G20

The map should be updated
I don't have the tools to do it, can someone update the 2019 map? The 2020 update was skipped for Covid i guess, but these are the invited guests for 2021: Algeria, Brunei, DR Congo, New Zealand, Singapore, Rwanda, Spain, Netherlands. Barjimoa (talk) 09:23, 30 September 2021 (UTC)

 * Map Of India is also not correctly shown, kindly have a look of it too. 116.73.196.104 (talk) 16:30, 10 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Indian map is not correct 110.225.82.225 (talk) 03:03, 6 November 2023 (UTC)

Russia out
Please put out Russia from G20 92.250.101.1 (talk) 23:44, 24 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Why? It's still a member, even if Putin, Xi, and Sánchez didn't attend. Tayuro (talk) 12:38, 10 September 2023 (UTC)
 * And, yes, it's still a member even if it started a bloodbath. Tayuro (talk) 12:39, 10 September 2023 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:07, 4 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Prosecutor General Yoon Seokyoul official portrait.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 01:23, 5 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Prosecutor General Yoon Seokyoul official portrait.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 03:53, 27 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Mario Draghi in 2022 (cropped).jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 07:37, 27 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Olaf Scholz In March 2022.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 04:07, 28 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Giorgia Meloni Premier (cropped).jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:51, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Giorgia Meloni a palazzo chigi.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 09:52, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Giorgia Meloni Official 2022 (cropped).jpg

Wiki Education assignment: Research Process and Methodology - FA22 - Sect 200 - Thu
— Assignment last updated by Kaisery (talk) 04:54, 19 November 2022 (UTC)

Please add more information
Please add more history 42.111.72.25 (talk) 04:54, 25 December 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 01:57, 19 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Ukraine.jpg

Why is the United Kingdom not included in the map
It is definitely a member but is not included in the map, somebody should fix that, I don´t know how. StrongALPHA (talk) 09:44, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I made a typo in the source code when creating the map. It has now been fixed. 5225C (talk • contributions) 10:43, 9 September 2023 (UTC)

Requested move 9 September 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Withdrawn by filer. KevinL ( aka L235 · t · c) 01:53, 10 September 2023 (UTC)

– African Union is now a part of the G20, it's time to rename the article to G21. — 𝙰𝚔𝚜𝚑𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚟™  💬  10:44, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * G20 → G21
 * G21 → G21 (disambiguation)
 * Note: pages with content, such as G21, are ineligible to be proposed titles in move requests unless they, too, are formally dispositioned. "G21 → G21 (disambiguation)" has been added to this request to meet that requirement.  P.I. Ellsworth  , ed.  put'er there 12:24, 9 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppose and procedural close – No indication that the group will be renamed at the moment, and this is not something for Wikipedia to decide. All reliable sources are merely noting speculation over the name, we will have to wait and see if such a change eventuates. No criteria for moving have been met. 5225C (talk • contributions) 11:10, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose as premature and speculative. Neutral on procedural close. Killuminator (talk) 11:18, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Let's wait for the tomorrow's official decleration for more clarity on renaming Apurvjain9999 (talk) 11:26, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, which is why I was neutral on a procedural close. Killuminator (talk) 11:34, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * There's no point leaving the discussion open for !voting when we have no information to go off. This is entirely premature and cannot be productive in any way. Either there is no change, and there will be no discussion, or there will be change, and the move will be uncontroversial. No need for this to go on. 5225C (talk • contributions) 11:36, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Comment. Gentle reminder that the WP:NAMECHANGES policy guides us to "...give extra weight to independent, reliable English-language sources ("reliable sources") written after the name change." This means that we don't necessarily change an article title under these circumstances. Wikipedia is sensitive to its readers under WP:COMMONNAME and will keep recognizable titles until a new name has become common in reliable sources. For this reason, letting this move request continue for at least the usual seven-day period would be a good idea. It will be important to keep an eye on reliable sources to determine just what the common name is and what it eventually becomes.  P.I. Ellsworth  , ed.  put'er there 12:24, 9 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppose & Close - Unnecessary discussion. The group has not announced it to be named as G21 yet. Change only if name change is officially announced.  Shaan Sengupta Talk 16:24, 9 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppose under WP:COMMONNAME MarkiPoli (talk) 16:30, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose let's wait until the official sources change it, if they ever do. 178.120.15.173 (talk) 19:07, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose due to WP:CRYSTALBALL. -- Minoa (talk) 22:19, 9 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppose/Speedy close (Withdrawing) - I agree with the point that it really seems too early to change the article title as of now. Although it is bound to happen, we can/should wait for the official announcement. — 𝙰𝚔𝚜𝚑𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚟™   💬  01:02, 10 September 2023 (UTC)

Highlights
The highlighting at the beginning of the article needs to be removed. It is distracting and makes the text difficult to read. Please maintain the general style standard of Wikipedia articles. 170.103.116.191 (talk) 13:51, 9 September 2023 (UTC)

European Union or African Union first?
So, mentioning that member countries is listed in alphabetical order, should it AU be written/placed (in table, etc.) first? or EU be first because it's joined first, and not a country 'category'? EdhyRa (talk) 17:28, 9 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Since the user who keeps reverting changes puts their reasoning in the description of their edit, let me just put it here: "The orders of the EU and the AU should be in chronological order of membership in the introduction, unlike the alphabetically ordered tables and lists below. To place the African Union before the European Union seems like a politically motivated statement, rather than a logical choice. Wikipedia should be objective, and not be at the whim of political statements."
 * Personally, I would disagree. I would argue that it's more of a political statement to put the EU first. You don't usually list members of a thing in chronological order instead of alphabetical unless you're doing so for a specific reason or you say "and later, this member." Or unless you're racist, but that's just stating the implied. I will personally give the aforementioned the benefit of the doubt. Tayuro (talk) 12:50, 10 September 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 September 2023
"Change G20 to G21" in summits section, 10th paragraph - last line 103.71.78.195 (talk) 09:33, 10 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template.  —  Paper9oll  (🔔 • 📝)  11:15, 10 September 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 September 2023
India has held the G20 presidency since 1 December 2022, with its presidency's theme being or "वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्" in Sanskrit or translated as "One Earth, One Family, One Future'" in English. and the summit was held from 9 September 2023 to 10 September 2023 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. In an interview on 26 August 2023, Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed optimism about the G20 countries' evolving agenda under India's presidency, shifting toward a human-centric development approach that aligns with the concerns of the Global South, including addressing climate change, debt restructuring through the G20's Common Framework for debt, and a strategy for regulation of global cryptocurrencies. G20 became G21 by the inclusion of African Union, 106.219.101.94 (talk) 18:18, 11 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Pinchme123 (talk) 03:39, 12 September 2023 (UTC)

On G20 source edit
India has held the G20 presidency since 1 December 2022, with its presidency's theme being or "वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्" in Sanskrit or translated as "One Earth, One Family, One Future'" in English. and the summit was held from 9 September 2023 to 10 September 2023 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. In an interview on 26 August 2023, Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed optimism about the G20 countries' evolving agenda under India's presidency, shifting toward a human-centric development approach that aligns with the concerns of the Global South, including addressing climate change, debt restructuring through the G20's Common Framework for debt, and a strategy for regulation of global cryptocurrencies. G20 became G21 by the inclusion of African Union, 106.219.101.94 (talk) 18:24, 11 September 2023 (UTC)

After inclusion African union G20 became G21
India has held the G20 presidency since 1 December 2022, with its presidency's theme being or "वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्" in Sanskrit or translated as "One Earth, One Family, One Future'" in English. and the summit was held from 9 September 2023 to 10 September 2023 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. In an interview on 26 August 2023, Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed optimism about the G20 countries' evolving agenda under India's presidency, shifting toward a human-centric development approach that aligns with the concerns of the Global South, including addressing climate change, debt restructuring through the G20's Common Framework for debt, and a strategy for regulation of global cryptocurrencies. G20 became G21 by the inclusion of African Union, Aakashdubey460 (talk) 18:27, 11 September 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 September 2023
The data about Nominal GDP per Capita in USD and GDP PPP per capita in USD for African Union is empty which can be calculated by Nominal GDP of African Union divided by Population of African Union to get Nominal GDP per capita of African Union in USD which is $2273.52 and GDP PPP per Capita of African Union in USD is $6757.27(for which divide GDP PPP per capita of African Union in USD by Population of African Union) Sundeep Nag (talk) 11:02, 12 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting wait.svg Already done M.Bitton (talk) 20:49, 14 September 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 November 2023
Can you add groupofnations.com to this page? I have been involved in publishing publications for the last 27 years Groupofnations (talk) 20:20, 25 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Per WP:ELNO. Editor has also been spam blocked. Liu1126 (talk) 21:25, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

Argentine not meet the t&c to top 20 economy
Argentine not meet the t&c to top 20 economy 202.80.218.57 (talk) 19:42, 16 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:G20


text:
User talk:Chopianissima

=Hoi!=

It's very nice to hear from you, and I appreciate your taking the time to write. It is not often we editors get the chance to communicate with the subjects of articles; I have from time to time, and always learn something. It must be very strange to come across an article on oneself in an encyclopedia; I cannot imagine how much stranger it must be to see that other editors are voting to delete it!

By means of introduction, I have a user page, with the same name, at nl.wikipedia.org. A nice person translated it for me: nl:User:Paul Klenk (Ik zal deze (nl:) site niet vaak bezoeken; Ik spreek geen Nederlands.)

I was sure the article originated at Wikipedia; Answers.com mirrors our site. But your letter has got me thinking that might not be the case.

Anyway, at Wikipedia, it is very common that people find that others have written articles about them. I have authored pieces on two people I know, James Harris Simons, the mathematician, and John Keston, the runner and performer. I wrote the articles because, as you read them, it is very obvious why they are notable and interesting. Notability is one of the primary things we look for in an subject, and it is, of course, a bit subjective. It is heartening that you freely admit to understanding why, in its current state, the article about you fails to establish enough about you to cross that threshhold. Of course, there is absolutely no reason why more information can't be added. We discourage people from writing about themselves, for obvious reasons, but anyone can edit an article, even without logging in. I have noticed you hvae created an account to contact me. Go ahead and try editing something, at tne English or Dutch Wikipedias. It's very fun! We want good, solid information on a variety of topics. Not everyone has to run a world marathon record or become a billionaire to make it into Wikipedia.

If you know someone who would like to augment your article, feel free to have them do so. If other editors see the changes, they may change their votes. Let me know if I can help. The article I wrote on Sophia Michahelles was up for deletion; this spurred me on to fill in better, solid info and the article is now so much better, and the editors unanimously moved to keep it.

By the way, your user name indicate an interet in Chopin, does it not? I am a pianist and singer, and love music. Yesterday I wrote articles on Ada "Bricktop" Smith and Mabel Mercer; I hope you like them.

Ik hoop iets van je te horen!

paul klenk talk 08:59, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, it was just deleted. paul klenk talk

title: User talk:Chopianissima


text:
Sahel Region

Sahel (, "Sahel") is one of Burkina Faso's 13 administrative regions. It was created on 2 July 2001. The region's capital is Dori. Four provinces make up the region—Oudalan, Séno, Soum, and Yagha. This region is the northernmost part of the country and is adjacent to Mali and Niger.

As of 2019, the population of the region was 1,094,907 which is 5.34% of the total population of the country.

Geography
Most of Burkina Faso is a wide plateau formed by riverine systems and is called Falaise de Banfora. There are three major rivers, the Red Volta, Black Volta and White Volta, which cuts through different valleys. The climate is generally hot, with unreliable rains across different seasons. Gold and quartz are common minerals found across the country, while manganese deposits are also common. The dry season is usually from October to May and rains are common during the wet season from June to September. The soil texture is porous and hence the yield is also poor. The average elevation is around 200 m to 300 m above mean sea level. Among West African countries, Burkina Faso has the largest elephant population and the country is replete with game reserves. The northern regions are generally arid and usually have scrub land and semi-deserts. The principal river is the Red Volta, that originates in the northern region and drains into Ghana. The areas near the rivers usually have flies like tsetse and similium, which are carriers of sleep sickness and river blindness. The average rainfall in the region is only around 25 cm compared to southern regions that receive 100 cm rainfall.

Demographics
The main languages spoken in Sahel Region as of 2006 were Fulfulde, Tamasheq (or "Bella"), and Moore. French is the official language throughout the country. As of 2019, the population of the region was 1,094,907 with 49.3% females. The population in the region was 5.34% of the total population of the country. The child mortality rate was 132, infant mortality rate was 119 and the mortality of children under five was 235. As of 2007, among the working population, there were 72.2% employees, 9.3% under employed, 16% inactive people, 18.5% not working and 2.5% unemployed people in the region.

Economy
As of 2007, there were 683.5 km of highways, 249.6 km of regional roads and 520.7 km of county roads. The first set of car traffic was 9, first set of two-wheeler traffic was 2,344 and the total classified road network was 1,454. The total corn produced during 2015 was 3,235 tonnes, cotton was 000 tonnes, cowpea was 17,804 tonnes, ground nut was 2,829 tonnes, millet was 152,287 tonnes, rice was 2,510 tonnes and sorghum was 72,967 tonnes. The coverage of cereal need compared to the total production of the region was 81.00 per cent.

As of 2007, the literacy rate in the region was 18 per cent, compared to a national average of 28.3 per cent. The gross primary enrolment was 40.8 per cent, post-primary was 7.6 per cent and gross secondary school enrolment was 1.9. There were 0 boys and 0 girls enrolled in the primary and post-secondary level. There were 0 teachers in primary & post-secondary level, while there were 239 teachers in post-primary and post-secondary level.

Administration
Burkina Faso gained independence from France in 1960. It was originally called Upper Volta. There have been military coups till 1983 when Captain Thomas Sankara took control and implemented radical left wing policies. He was ousted by Blaise Compaore, who continued for 27 years till 2014, when a popular uprising ended his rule. As per Law No.40/98/AN in 1998, Burkina Faso adhered to decentralization to provide administrative and financial autonomy to local communities. There are 13 administrative regions, each governed by a Governor. The regions are subdivided into 45 provinces, which are further subdivided into 351 communes. The communes may be urban or rural and are interchangeable. There are other administrative entities like department and village. An urban commune has typically 10,000 people under it. If any commune is not able to get 75 per cent of its planned budget in revenues for 3 years, the autonomy is taken off. The communes are administered by elected Mayors. The communes are stipulated to develop economic, social and cultural values of its citizens. A commune has financial autonomy and can interact with other communes, government agencies or international entities.

title: Sahel Region