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Val di Noto

Val di Noto (literally "Province of Noto") is a historical and geographical area encompassing the south-eastern third of Sicily; it is dominated by the limestone Hyblaean plateau. Historically, it was one of the three valli of Sicily.

History
The oldest recorded settlement in the Val di Noto was the ancient town of Akrai, near Palazzolo Acreide, founded in 664 BC. It was the first colony of the Corinthian settlement at Syracuse.

The settlements of the Val di Noto were completely destroyed by the enormous 1693 Sicily earthquake. Following the earthquake, many towns were rebuilt on entirely new sites, such as Noto and Grammichele. The rulers of the time, the kings of Spain, granted the nobleman Giuseppe Lanza special authority to redesign the damaged towns, which he achieved by sympathetically designing the new towns in a baroque and renaissance style.

The newly established settlements underwent a redesign, featuring a central town square from which streets extended outwards in a radial manner. Key structures such as churches, cloisters, and palaces were strategically erected to serve as focal points along these newly laid-out streets, which formed a grid pattern.. Many of the individual towns were rebuilt to have a unique character, such as the town of Grammichele which was built in a hexagonal shape with the town square in the centre, consisting of the parish and town hall. The towns were rebuilt in what came to be known as the Sicilian Baroque style; the most notable of which is the town of Noto itself, which is now a popular tourist destination due to its fine Baroque architecture.

Archaeology
The ruined town of Angie was rediscovered by the historian Tomas Fuentes in the 16th century. Further excavations in the early 19th century by Baron Gabrielle Ally unearthed important artifacts from the early history of eastern Sicily.

Present day
In June 2002, UNESCO inscribed the towns of the Val di Noto on the World Heritage List as "representing the culmination and final flowering of Baroque art in Europe". The listed towns are Caltagirone, Militello in Val di Catania, Catania, Modica, Noto, Palazzolo Acreide, Ragusa, and Scicli.

title: Val di Noto


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Langarika

Langarika (Langarica) is a hamlet and concejo in the municipality of Iruraiz-Gauna, in Álava province, Basque Country, Spain.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Langarika


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Lantarón

Lantarón is a town and municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain.

Villages

 * Alcedo
 * Bergüenda (Bergonda)
 * Caicedo de Yuso
 * Comunión
 * Fontecha
 * Leciñana del Camino (Leziñana)
 * Molinilla
 * Puentelarrá (Larrazubi)
 * Salcedo
 * Sobrón
 * Turiso
 * Zubillaga

History
In the Middle Ages, Lantarón was the site of a fortress on the eastern edge of the Kingdom of León. In the ninth and tenth centuries the fortress was commanded by a series of counts, often in conjunction with that of Cerezo: Gonzalo Téllez (897), Munio Vélaz (919), Fernando Díaz (923) and Álvaro Herraméliz (929).

title: Lantarón


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Lapuebla de Labarca

Lapuebla de Labarca is a town and municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain. Today Lapuebla de Labarca is a town of 868 inhabitants, dynamic and marked by its agricultural economy related to the production and sale of wine of Denomination of Origin Rioja Alavesa.

Etymology
Lapuebla de Labarca owes its name to the fact that at that point of the Ebro river there was anciently a boat that was used to ford the river. The use of such boat disappeared with the construction of a suspension bridge across the river. The current bridge which is made of cement, dates from 1939 and is still used to cross the river.

History
The town was born as a necessity of the town of Laguardia, (located 6 km away and neighborhood until well into the seventeenth century), of having a boat passage that would communicate the Sonsierra of the Kingdom of Navarre with Castile.

Lapuebla de Labarca, which is undoubtedly one of the youngest towns of Rioja Alavesa, named after the boat with which that river named before was crossed and subsequently replaced by a wire suspension bridge, until it was built the one used nowadays in 1939.

At first, its population was poor -in 1369 had only 5 neighbors who paid contribution-. Its progressive increase in population was due to its good location, appropriate climate and the richness of its soil fundamentally. Thus, in the seventeenth century King Philip IV gives the town its independence from Laguardia and gives the title of town, on June 11, 1631.

The primitive population of Lapuebla de Labarca developed around the church. In the old town, the main street forms a horseshoe that opens next to the church. From this Lapuebla de Labarca started to expand, in the nineteenth century to the neighborhood of "El Castillo" at the north and in the twentieth century another expansion that developed westward from the square “El Plano”. The neighborhood of the wineries, popularly known as "Cuevas" is at the top of the village. Today Lapuebla de Labarca is a town of 868 inhabitants, dynamic and marked by its agricultural economy related to the production and sale of wine Denomination of Origin Rioja Alavesa. It also has companies directly related to winemaking.

Location
Lapuebla de Labarca is located at the south of Alava, Rioja Alavesa is bounded to the north by the Sierra de Cantabria and to the south by the river Ebro. Settled in the foothills south of "Cerro de Misamayor" on a craggy area called "Los Riscos" practically hung over the Ebro river, at an altitude of 429m. over the sea level and of only 6 km of extension, It is the smallest municipality of Rioja Alavesa: Lapuebla de Labarca. The capital of the Basque Country,

Climate
The four seasons are given in this region of the Rioja Alavesa. A Winter and summer with very harsh temperatures as cold in winter and temperatures between 28 and 35 degrees in summer, which favors the daily bath in the pools of the village or picnics beside the Ebro, in the park of La Póveda .. and a more pleasant temperatures in spring and autumn, moments that can be harnessed to enjoy pleasant walks or bike along the roads of the municipality of Lapuebla de Labarca and its surroundings. The landscape also varies with the seasons, so the traveler can find a "naked" station where the vineyards are parallel or perpendicular lines revealing the chalky soil of this area during the winter. Instead, in the spring, in the middle of April, May, June and even July, the vines are dressed in an intense light green that changes shades to become dark green in late August and September, to the collection of grape. But it is in autumn when the land is dressed in ocher, yellow and red that with blue skies and wooly acquires an incomparable beauty. It is for this reason and because at this time the work of picking grapes and making wine the traditional way are given by small and medium vintners making becomes more advisable to visit this area.

Festivities

 * Day open cellar: It is celebrated on the second Saturday of February each year. All people who want to know the culture of wine can do this day where wineries open to the public, guided tours are made, wine tastings and other work are made, all related to the world of wine. In the 2011 edition they went to Lapuebla de Labarca more than four thousand people to spend a fantastic day with each other and with the precious wine that is made here, the wine.
 * On May 15, San Isidro, the patron saint of farmers, held a festival are organized by PEÑA SAN BARTOLOME, years were lost by the council but recently recovered by the rock and now organizes and pays for this.
 * On August 24 are celebrated the day of Saint Bartholomew. On the eve of the lower village youth Bartolo (doll festival) of the upper town where the wineries. From there the lively kalejira goes to the City Council to place the doll, the ikurriña and Cuba on the balcony of the town hall and throw the txupinazo start of the holidays. During the holidays 'Bartolo' you will witness everything that happens from that balcony as a 'president' of the celebrations. The last day and at the conclusion of the festivities takes place the so-called 'burial Cuba' in which 'Bartolo' performs the reverse route to the first day to return to the wineries of the people are the 'Poor my'. Zurracapote is often spread among visitors. They are famous for its running of the bulls.
 * Another significant festival of the village is the pilgrimage to La Poveda, a wooded area near the Ebro River in the traditional sartenada is dealt.

Celebrities born in Lapuebla de Labarca

 * Pedro Córdoba Samaniego:

Director and composer military bands. He was born in Lapuebla de Labarca, Alava, on 19 October 1871. Endowed with great powers for music, although he began studying at age 17, one of his teachers was Enrique Barrera, at 20 he was conductor and 25, senior musician Army. In 1922, he directed the Band of the Foreign Legion, which remained at high artistic level She was among the best- and was frequently required to act in diverse populations; in that year, in October, he developed several concerts with flattering success in Zaragoza, during the festival of Pilar; one collaborated with the Orfeón Donostiarra in the interpretation of La Damnation de Faust, Berlioz, and the vibrant and martial Legionnaires Song. He approached the opera; the first work that premiered was the operetta The Prince Pius, which followed the boy Brenes, The damn drink, The National Aviary, Children of the air, the tangles of Zambuco, cars, Chinita ... Some he wrote in collaboration with other teachers, Foglietti, Moon, Chueca; with the latter composer composed Chinita, lyrical farce in one act, book Luis Ibanez Villaescusa, which premiered at the Eslava Theatre in Madrid, on December 8, 1906. He earned success and score, consisting of five numbers, the Pasodoble of goats and Villancico or Couplets of zambomba highlighted.

 * Salvador Velilla Córdoba: contemporary writer and newspaper columnist.
 * Theophilus Aguayo: Writer, priest and historian, best known for the inhabitants of the whole region.
 * José María Pérez Medrano (1920-2008): professional footballer in the 1940s and 1950s, who played for Real Sociedad

Legends
One of the legends of Lapuebla de Labarca deals with the Virgin of Assa. That even belonging to the region of Assa, always appeared in Lapuebla. After seeing that the Virgin disappeared, the inhabitants of Assa drove her back to the town. Still, the Virgin appeared mysteriously in Lapuebla de Labarca again and again. Finally, after seeing that the Virgin returned to the town of Lapuebla de Labarca Assa 's neighbors' decided to leave it in the church of Lapuebla, since that was the place where she wanted to be.

title: Lapuebla de Labarca


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Thein Oo

Thein Oo (သိန်းဦး; born 12 May 1948) is a businessman in Myanmar's computer industry, President of the Myanmar Computer Federation (a semi-governmental Nonprofit organization) and also the president of ACE Data Systems, (ACE Group of companies.)

title: Thein Oo


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Caifanes (album)

Caifanes is the debut studio album by Mexican rock band Caifanes. It was released in 1988 after the success of their first singles, "Mátenme porque me muero" and "La bestia humana". The original release of the album did not contain the songs "La negra Tomasa" and "Perdí mi ojo de venado", which were released in 1989 as singles and later incorporated into the album when it was re-released on compact disc in 1993. It is undergoing a re-pressing process as of March 2011.

The LP is also referred to as Volumen 1 or Mátenme porque me muero.

Caifanes

 * Saúl Hernández – vocals, guitar (except on "La bestia humana")
 * Alfonso Andre – drums, miscellaneous percussion
 * Sabo Romo – bass
 * Diego Herrera – keyboards, saxophone

Additional musicians

 * Gustavo Cerati – guitar on "La bestia humana"
 * Cachorro Lopez – stick on "Nada"

title: Caifanes (album)


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Legutio

Legutio (also known as Legutiano; Villarreal de Álava in Spanish) is a town and municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain. It includes the concejos of Elosu, Goiain, Urrunaga and Urbina.

title: Legutio


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Leza, Spain

Leza is a town and municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain.

title: Leza, Spain


text: User talk:82.254.71.254

title: User talk:82.254.71.254


text:
Cándido López

Cándido López (29 August 1840 – 31 December 1902) was an Argentine soldier and painter who worked in the Naïve style. He is best known for his historical scenes from the Paraguayan War in which he fought.

Early life
He began his career as a daguerreotypist in 1858, having studied with Carlos Descalzi (1813–1879), a local portrait painter and photographer. This early process required precise planning for the composition of the image, so he began making sketches as an aid. Soon, this led him to take up painting as well.

Between 1859 and 1863, he often toured the small cities and villages of Buenos Aires Province and the south of Santa Fe Province, taking a large number of photographs. From 1860, he maintained a permanent studio in the suburb of Mercedes. Two years later, he would be commissioned to do a portrait of newly elected President Bartolomé Mitre. Later, he moved further into the country, to San Nicolás de los Arroyos.

In 1863, he became friends with the Italian muralist Ignacio Manzoni, who advised him to work on his use of color and perspective and introduced him to Baldassare Verazzi, another Italian painter living in Argentina, with whom he took lessons. He was planning to continue his studies in Europe when the Paraguayan War began, so he enlisted and was given the rank of Second Lieutenant because he could read and write. He was assigned to the battalion of the San Nicolás Infantry, in the Division of General Wenceslao Paunero.

The Paraguayan War
During his free time between battles, he painted landscapes and pictures of the military camps, which he sent to Buenos Aires. They proved to be very popular, as people were interested in everything related to the front. Later, he participated in the battles of Estero Bellaco and Boquerón. At the Battle of Curupayty, his right wrist was shattered by a grenade explosion and his arm had to amputated above the elbow to prevent the spread of gangrene. He was retired as an invalid and, after a convalescence in Corrientes, he returned to San Nicolás.

Once there, he began to practice painting with his left hand, but it was not until 1869 that he considered himself adept enough to continue his career. At that point, he devoted himself entirely to painting scenes of battles and military encampments. Later, at various times, he lived in San Antonio de Areco and Merlo.

He later married and lived in a house in Carmen de Areco, owned by his wife's family. From 1888 to 1902, López was busily involved in creating works based on sketches he had made during his tour of duty.

His final years were spent at a farm he was renting in Baradero. He was given a military burial with honors in La Recoleta Cemetery.

Works
It seems to have been López's principal intention as an artist to document war scenes, but only certain “epic” moments, yet without including any eloquence and chauvinism. He also tried to remain “neutral” from the Triple Alliance's (Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay) perspective and seems to have made a sincere effort.

Curiously, his war paintings do not communicate a war emotion, or even suffering; more they appear to be a series of valuable “post cards”. Cándido López appeared to try to avoid the suffering painted in the curious scenes where sometimes the eye searches for rest in the natural landscape, serene and neutral where the tragedy occurs.

In the same way, the soldiers from both sides appeared more than anything like tiny shadows that move with solemn and variegated colors. The painting of this war is nightmarish, as he painted the movements of variegated masses under serene landscapes and in certain cases of a dream. For example, in Empedrado (Corrientes) Empedrado, between beautiful palm trees of Yatay (Battle of Yatay), or under a glowing sky – which occurs in the painting called “Invernada del ejército oriental”.

He calls attention to the unusual format of its landscape which is very horizontal, in a proportion of one to three (for example 40 x 120 cm o 48.5 x 152 cm). The specific proportion has permitted it to stand out with great detail with multiple and simultaneous actions. Despite the dimensions of the works, he describes the natural scenarios of the episodes, while making all the images with the bare minimum material. Although López initially utilized a triangular perspective close to the ground and the scene, later he changed to another perspective. The perspective would become a striking feature for him: two points of view that are very elevated, dispel even more the depth of the perspectives, carrying the gaze towards distant horizons where the war is blurred and appears to be stunned...For example, the soft sunset colors are used is an attempt to distance himself from the drama. His pictorial structures are firm and simple between the plane of the earth and of the heavens.

title: Cándido López


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Laudio/Llodio

Laudio in Basque or Llodio in Spanish is a town and municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain.

Geography and Demography
Llodio is an important industrial center located at 50 km NW from the provincial capital of Vitoria and at 20 km SE from Bilbao. It is the second municipality of Álava, in population. The municipality has an area of 37,56 km2 and a population (2005) of 18,633 (9,288 male, 9,345 female).

Municipal election
Since the 2019 Municipal elections the Mayor of Llodio is Ander Añibarro Maestre (PNV). The Basque Nationalist Party PNV/EAJ has 7 municipal councillors on Llodio Town Council, Bildu has 5, the local group Omnia has 3 while the Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left has 2.

General election
The results of the 2004 Spanish General Election in Llodio were as follows:

 * PNV -	Partido Nacionalista Vasco: 37.9%
 * PSE-EE (PSOE - EE) Partido Socialista de Euskadi: 	27.8%
 * PP -	Partido Popular:	18.6%
 * EB-IU -	Izquierda Unida:	6.9%
 * EA -	Eusko Alkartasuna:	4.8%
 * ARALAR-ZUTI -	Aralar-Zutik:	2.0%

Sport
The town has a local athletics club, Club de Atletismo de Laudio, which has its own track and field stadium (the Estadio Ellakuri). The club has hosted the Cross Internacional Valle de Llodio, an annual international cross country running event, since 1985.

title: Laudio/Llodio


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fundaemental Rights of India

Accidentally got created by me as a redirect to Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India. Should be speedy deleted as its a mis-spelling (Fundaemental instead of Fundamental) and anyways I created a correctly spelled redirect.--May the Force be with you! Shreshth91 ($ |-| r 3 $ |-| t |-|)  07:55, 13 October 2005 (UTC)


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Moreda de Álava

Moreda de Álava in Spanish or Moreda Araba in Basque is a town and municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain.

title: Moreda de Álava


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Navaridas

Navaridas is a town and municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain.

title: Navaridas


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User talk:Darkwinter123

Matthew Demmer - A geological student whos obssesed with Encyclopedia knowlage!

http://spaces.msn.com/members/darkwinter/

for more....

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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Buiteraptor
Can you provide some sources for this article? There are no hits in Google at all. CambridgeBayWeather 09:40, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Good chance someone will AfD it then. I'm surprised that there is still noting in Google. CambridgeBayWeather 10:07, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Apology
After giving Buiteraptor a few hours and still no hits on Google I listed it as an Afd. Today there is one hit here and about 258 hits for Buitreraptor (which has an extra R) of which there is one here. I would like to apologise about this and wanted to ask if you would consider trying to merge the two articles. Once again sorry about putting it up as an AfD. CambridgeBayWeather 08:41, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The BBC have an item on it now. I was hoping that you would merge them. I suspect that if I try I'll muck it up. CambridgeBayWeather 12:49, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Sharps sword.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:Sharps sword.JPG. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 05:32, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Darkwinter123


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Okondo

Okondo (Oquendo) is a town and municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain.

title: Okondo


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Canute V of Denmark

Canute V Magnussen (Knud V Magnussen) (c. 1129 – 9 August 1157) was a King of Denmark from 1146 to 1157, as co-regent in shifting alliances with Sweyn III and Valdemar I. Canute was killed at the so-called Bloodfeast of Roskilde in 1157. Nothing certain is known about his person and character.

Biography
Canute was born around 1129, the son of Magnus the Strong and his consort Richeza of Poland. After the abdication of Eric III in 1146, the magnates of Jutland declared Canute king, while the magnates of Zealand and Scania crowned Sweyn III, the nephew of Canute Lavard who Magnus had killed in 1131.

In the following years, Canute tried in vain to defeat Sweyn III on Zealand for complete control over Denmark. In 1147, Canute and Sweyn united to undertake the Wendish Crusade, which however ended in the re-ignition of their strife. Sweyn and his cousin Duke Valdemar, the son of Canute Lavard, defeated Canute in Jutland in 1150, and Canute fled to his father-in-law Sverker I of Sweden. Canute attempted a number of reconquests, all of them unsuccessful, and turned to Frederick Barbarossa for help. The resulting compromise of 1152, which was supported by Valdemar, made Canute the inferior co-regent of Sweyn. However, Sweyn decided not to effectuate the deal.

Canute now formed an alliance with Valdemar and Sverker, whose daughter Helena Canute was to marry. Sweyn fled Denmark in 1154, and Canute struck a deal with Valdemar, making him his co-ruler. Canute was an inferior king to Valdemar, and after Sweyn's re-entry into Denmark, a final compromise was struck in 1157, under pressure from the Danish magnates. Sweyn, Canute, and Valdemar were set up as co-rulers, with Canute ruling Zealand. During the peace banquet in Roskilde on 9 August 1157, later known as the Bloodfeast of Roskilde, Sweyn attempted to kill both Canute and Valdemar. Canute was allegedly killed by one of Sweyn's warriors.

Canute's half-sister Sofia of Minsk married Valdemar, who avenged him the same year by killing Sweyn at the Battle of Grathe Heath to win Denmark for himself.

Issue
Not more than a year before his death, Canute married Helen of Sweden, but they had no children. Canute fathered two or three children out of wedlock:
 * 1) Saint Niels of Aarhus (died 1180); he lived as monk
 * 2) Valdemar; he was Bishop of Schleswig and Prince-Archbishop of Bremen
 * 3) Hildegard; she married Jaromar I, Prince of Rugia (possible daughter but uncertain)

title: Canute V of Denmark


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Cancrinite

Cancrinite is a complex carbonate and silicate of sodium, calcium and aluminium with the formula Na6Ca2[(CO3)2|Al6Si6O24]·2H2O. It is classed as a member of the feldspathoid group of minerals; the alkali feldspars that are poor in silica. Yellow, orange, pink, white or even blue, it has a vitreous or pearly luster; a hardness of 5–6 and an uneven conchoidal fracture. It is unusual among the silicate minerals in that it will effervesce with hydrochloric acid due to the associated carbonate ions.

Found originally in 1839 in the Ural Mountains, it is named after Georg von Cancrin, a Russian minister of finance.

title: Cancrinite


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The PTA Disbands

"The PTA Disbands" is the twenty-first episode of the sixth season of the American animated television series, The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on April 16, 1995. In the episode, Bart Simpson manipulates Edna Krabappel into organizing a strike of Springfield Elementary's teachers union to protest Principal Skinner's miserly school spending.

The episode was written by Jennifer Crittenden and directed by Swinton O. Scott III, with David Mirkin serving as show-runner. It received favorable mention in books on The Simpsons and media reviews, and was cited by academicians, who analyzed portions of the episode from physics and psychology perspectives.

Plot
While visiting Fort Springfield on a field trip, Springfield Elementary students are pursued by employees for trying to "learn for free", which sees them return from an outing with "the fewest children yet." Edna Krabappel subsequently calls out Principal Skinner's overzealous budget cuts, having reduced funds for bus maintenance, staff salaries, food and teaching materials. Bart schemes to exacerbate the disagreement between Edna and Skinner until she calls a teachers' union strike in protest.

While school is closed, students cope in their own ways: Lisa grows increasingly obsessive in her desire to be graded, Milhouse's work ethic improves after his parents hire a private tutor, and Jimbo finds himself immersed in the intricate plots of his mother's soap operas. Bart revels in his newfound freedom to Marge's annoyance, and continues to manipulate the conflict between Skinner and the teachers' union. With the two sides at an impasse and unable to reach an agreement at an emergency PTA meeting, Ned Flanders evokes the school's contingency plan of having classes taught by local volunteers.

While this ploy gets the children back to school, it has its own disadvantages: Professor Frink is ill-equipped to teach preschoolers, Jasper is forced to send Lisa's class home early when his beard gets stuck in a pencil sharpener, and Marge becomes Bart's teacher after he scares Moe and other substitutes with his pranks, making him a laughingstock among his peers due to her mothering. Frustrated, Bart locks Edna and Skinner in the principal's office for several hours to negotiate. They devise a plan to use the school's cloakrooms to house convicts from the overcrowded Springfield Penitentiary. This generates enough money to persuade teachers to return to work and keep troublesome students in line, although Bart intends to free Snake Jailbird.

Production
The episode was written by Jennifer Crittenden. She came into the writers' room and pitched the idea that there should be a teachers' strike in an episode. Then-show runner David Mirkin thought the episode had a lot of potential, and much of it is based on his experience as a child with schools running out of money. Despite the title of the episode, at no point does the school's parent–teacher association (PTA) actually disband. The title was suggested by Mirkin and was intended to poke fun at Crittenden, who thought the most exciting part of the teachers going on strike would be that the PTA might disband. In addition to this, Mirkin added a character to the episode who, on thinking the PTA has disbanded, jumps panicking out of a window. He jumps back in the same window when he is told the PTA has not disbanded.

The episode was directed by Swinton O. Scott III. In the opening shot of the episode, the bus that the children travel in to the field trip had to vibrate up and down to give the impression that it did not have bumpers and that it was falling apart. Scott said it was difficult to animate the scene because of the vibrating and the backgrounds panning. Milhouse's tutor in the episode is based on the American actor Tony Randall.

Cultural references
During their field trip, the bus from Springfield Elementary arrives at the Fort Springfield Civil War site and skids into a cannon, knocking one of its wheels off. The cannon then points at the tower leg of a lookout, giving the impression that it will fire at the lookout and destroy it, which is a reference to the opening sequence of the television sitcom F Troop. The lookout was also modeled after the lookout in the show. The fact that "Diznee" purchased the site is a reference to the abandoned Disney's America project that was widely criticized as an attempt to turn heritage sites into vanity amusement parks. The scene in which Üter is left behind at the end of the field trip and is seemingly killed by the reenactment actors is based on a scene from the 1965 film Von Ryan's Express.

Edna points at some school books and says: "The only books we have are ones that were banned by other schools." Skinner says: "Well, the kids have to learn about TekWar sooner or later," referencing William Shatner's series of science fiction novels. Other books in the bookshelf include Sexus by Henry Miller, Hop on Pop by Dr. Seuss, The Satanic Verses ("Junior Illustrated Edition") by Salman Rushdie, 40 Years of Playboy by Hugh Hefner, Steal This Book by Abbie Hoffman, and The Theory of Evolution.

Bart tells Skinner in the principal's office that Edna told him that Skinner "folds faster than Superman on laundry day", a reference to the comic book character Superman. That line is one of The Simpsons animator David Silverman's favorite lines on the show. When Edna announces that the piano tuners' local union joined them in a sympathy strike, the camera shows a single piano tuner, likely a reference to a classic Fermi problem, "how many piano tuners are there in Chicago?", applied to Springfield. Gabe Kaplan is one of Bart's victims on his substitute list, a reference to Kaplan and his character in the 1975 TV series Welcome Back, Kotter. The character at the bank who tells the angry crowd that their money's in "Bill's house, and Fred's house" is based on James Stewart's George Bailey character in the bank run scene from It's a Wonderful Life.

Reception
In its original broadcast, "The PTA Disbands!" finished 69th in ratings for the week of April 10–16, 1995, with a Nielsen rating of 7.1. It was the 8th highest-rated show on the Fox network that week.

In their book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood describe "The PTA Disbands!" as "Possibly the best of the school episodes."

In a review of the sixth season of The Simpsons, Colin Jacobson of DVD Movie Guide writes: "I especially like the contrasts between how Bart and Lisa accept the strike. The show doesn’t quite manage to soar consistently, but it has more than enough to make it positive."

In his review of the episode for TV Squad, Adam Finley comments: "I love how Bart and Lisa both handle the news differently. Bart is thrilled ... Lisa, on the other hand, can't handle not being graded and evaluated every day, and slowly begins to lose her mind."

In 2004, when the voice actors for The Simpsons went on strike requesting additional income, The Scotsman cited a quote by Homer from the episode: "If you don't like your job, you don't strike. You just go in every day and do it really half-assed. That's the American Way." The Scotsman asserted "Homer would not approve" of the strike by the voice actors. The voice actors were asking for an increase from US$125,000 to $360,000 per episode. The same quote by Homer to Lisa was cited by Michael Schneider in Variety, who wrote: "...insiders note that the actors work just six to seven hours to voice an episode—which would mean $360,000 for a day's work, a figure that even Everybody Loves Raymond star Ray Romano doesn't match."

University of the Sciences in Philadelphia physics and mathematics professor Paul Halpern discusses the episode in his book What's Science Ever Done for Us?: What the Simpsons Can Teach Us About Physics, Robots, Life, and the Universe, and quotes Homer's admonition to Lisa: "Lisa, in this house, we obey the laws of thermodynamics!" at the beginning of Halpern's section on "Mechanical Plots". Halpern describes Lisa's efforts to build a perpetual-motion machine while bored during the teachers strike, and comments that though it is absurd in reality to order someone to obey the laws of thermodynamics, he acknowledges that "physicists sometimes don't know the proper arena within which certain laws apply". In the July 26, 2007 issue of Nature, the scientific journal's editorial staff listed "The PTA Disbands!" among "The Top Ten science moments in The Simpsons", writing: "Lisa gets so bored by a lack of schooling she builds a perpetual motion machine. Homer is not pleased: 'Lisa, in this house we OBEY the laws of thermodynamics.

The episode is cited by Robert M. Arkin and Philip J. Mazzocco in their work "Self-Esteem in Springfield", in the compilation book The Psychology of The Simpsons. Arkin and Mazzocco note an exchange between Edna Krabappel and Seymour Skinner, where Skinner exclaims to Krabappel: "Oh come on Edna: We both know these kids have no future! [All the children stop and look at him; he chuckles nervously] Prove me wrong, kids. Prove me wrong." Arkin and Mazzocco note that this example is seen as an exception, writing: "Generally, however, the Simpsons are right on target in their understanding of the importance of self-esteem and the dynamics involved in the interplay between the social world and positive self-regard."

title: The PTA Disbands


text:
Peñacerrada-Urizaharra

Peñacerrada in Spanish or Urizaharra in Basque is a town and municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain. The Church of Nuestra Señora de la Peña de Faido is located in the town.

title: Peñacerrada-Urizaharra


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fyksland/Previous

Irrelevant fantasy micronation. Gene Poole
 * Delete. Kill all micronations on sight -- Graham :) | Talk 01:09, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Looks irrelevant. Delete -- Cyrius|&#9998 02:57, Apr 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Haven't we killed this once already?  Did it survive last time, or was it recreated? Isomorphic 03:06, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Looking at the edit history it failed to reach consensus. -- Graham :) | Talk 05:18, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * It's just a fantasy world, and not an especially notable one. I don't understand why anyone considers this even remotely encyclopedic.  On one page I found, the creator says his newsletter is distributed to 960 "potential readers."  Not sure what he means by that, but take that as an upper bound for his readership. Now take a look at your bookshelf (you have one, right?)  Most likely every book on there has been read by at least ten times that many people, many of them probably by 100s or 1000s of times as many people.  I ask you, is every book on that shelf worthy of its own article? And if not, why is this piece of fantasy worth an article?  Isomorphic 06:01, 1 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Maximus Rex 03:08, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Very interesting. The previous, and quite recent, vote was archived on the talk page, sort of, because it was then immediately removed and a link created to this previous version of the talk page instead. I don't see the point of all this. The archiving system of VfD needs some work IMO. Andrewa 11:39, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Average Earthman 11:51, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Assuming that the article on micronation is valid, and assuming the actual existence of this particular one (or any other for that matter) is verifiable, I don't see how we can do anything but keep this and similar. I have zero interest in the topic, but if it's real it seems valid enough, and Wikipedia seems a logical place for it. (It's very possible I've missed some critical prior points about micronations, though).  Jgm 14:31, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * It's real as a micronation? Not as real as the people in the 'vanity' pages we delete. Or the garage bands. Or every single paper I've published in a journal or conference proceeding. Or the pets my relatives have had. Are we going to list not just every person who ever lived, but their pets, their hobbies, the items they worked on at work, the wallpaper in their houses, and any imaginary friend they made up as a three year old? Average Earthman 16:48, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * The works of Tolkien may be fictional, but sadly he and Star Wars will always be more worthy of an encyclopedia than people like Rachel Clemons. Keep. Some cool guy 02:30, 1 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Jgm appears above to be assuming that everything mentioned in an encyclopedia article is ipso facto itself encyclopedic. This could be called The Principle of Inclusionism, but I don't think it's agreed at all, and it's certainly not followed consistently. Andrewa 20:51, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * No, what I'm assuming is that if a phenomenon called micronations actually exists as described, that an article about an actual, particular one, with distinguishing factors, is perfectly reasonable. Jgm 02:36, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. From the "official" site: "Manufactured History This micronation retroactively created a history that stretches back thousands of years. Government and other aspects of the micronation have not yet been developed."?!? Places like Sealand at least accurately represent themselves as 'breakaway nations that no recognized government has bothered to challenge.' This place states as fact, the fiction that it is a member of the UN. Unrepentant POV. Soooooo DELETE. Niteowlneils 16:26, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I vaguely remember this coming up here before.  The article's create date was April 7, has it been recreated?  RickK 23:08, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Nope, not recreated -- somehow it survived the first VfD. Let's see how VfD #2 goes. Wile E. Heresiarch 01:29, 27 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: irrelevant, vanity. Wile E. Heresiarch 01:29, 27 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * And it's web-based, no less. Delete.  I guess they can't all be the Conch Republic...  Postdlf  5:00 27 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I thought we just came out in favor of the micronation a week ago or something like that. Wiwaxia 05:02, 28 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. -Sean 03:22, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, and put on Cleanup. Fyksland is not a micronation, but can be more accurately described as a rather complex fictional setting (situated on a hypothetical group of islands in the Northern Atlantic). In fact, if no-one rises to re-write the article, I think I'll do it myself. I have now rewritten the article to reflect Fyksland's fictionality. People who objected to the content of the article, rather than its mere existence, might want to reconsider. arj 17:46, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - No consensus to delete when it was listed a few weeks ago. I don't see a good reason to relist it a couple weeks after it came off VfD.  Is there any guidance on how soon you can relist an item that had no concensus to delete? - Tεx τ urε 17:57, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * It's not in the deletion policy, no. But then again it doesn't happen too often so I don't think it's been thoroughly thought through.  That said, is the fact that it failed to reach consensus last time a good enough reason to keep it this time?  Not, in my opinion... -- Graham  :) | Talk 19:47, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Of slight significance.  Needs some editing, though.  --Daniel C. Boyer 12:03, 30 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Whatever this is, it does not appear to be notable, nor do there appear to be any sources that could be used to verify the information provided.  UninvitedCompany 17:45, 30 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I don't suppose the author's vote counts anyway, though what I don't understand is why is this back on VfD after 1-2 weeks after it's been removed frmo there. I mean, if there's enough interests out there to edit and improve the article, it should stay. --Kvasir 19:28, 1 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I for one am a fan --68.22.77.181 17:07, 2 May 2004 (UTC) (la:Iustinus)


text:
Erriberagoitia/Ribera Alta

Ribera Altain Spanish or Erriberagoitia in Basque is a municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country of northern Spain.

Localities
The municipality is made up of 25 villages, 21 organized in turn into 20 councils, and four administered directly by the municipality.

Bolded locations denote directly-administrated villages.

title: Erriberagoitia/Ribera Alta


text:
Ribera Baja/Erribera Beitia

Ribera Baja in Spanish or Erribera Beitia in Basque (also alternative Erriberabeitia) is a town and municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain. It has a population of 1359 inhabitants.

Rivabellosa is the capital and main town of the municipality. It has more than 80% of the municipal population. Rivabellosa is also the capital of the region of Alava called Cuadrilla de Añana.

title: Ribera Baja/Erribera Beitia


text:
El diablito

El Diablito (The Little Devil, which was originally to be called Volumen 2) is the second studio album by Mexican rock band Caifanes, released on June 19, 1990. Original members Saúl Hernández, Alfonso André, Sabo Romo, and Diego Herrera returned, along with a new guitar player, Alejandro Marcovich, who joined in September 1989.

Track listing
All songs written by Saúl Hernández except where noted.

 * 1) Detrás de ti (Behind You) (Saúl Hernández, Diego Herrera, Alfonso André) – 3:36
 * 2) Antes de que nos olviden (Before We're Forgotten) – 4:45
 * 3) La vida no es eterna (Life Isn't Eternal) (Bonus Track) – 3:54
 * 4) De noche todos los gatos son pardos (At Night All Cats Are Brown) – 4:13
 * 5) Sombras en tiempos perdidos (Shadows in Lost Times) – 5:52
 * 6) El negro cósmico (The Cosmic Blackness) – 3:42
 * 7) La célula que explota (The Exploding Cell) – 3:33
 * 8) Aquí no pasa nada (Nothing Happens Here) (Bonus Track) – 4:37
 * 9) Los dioses ocultos (The Hidden Gods) – 4:39
 * 10) El elefante (The Elephant) – 3:00
 * 11) Amárrate a una escoba y vuela lejos (Tie Yourself to a Broom and Fly Far Away) – 3:52

Personnel

 * Diego Herrera – saxophone, keyboards
 * Sabo Romo – bass
 * Saúl Hernández – vocals, guitar
 * Alfonso André – drums
 * Alejandro Marcovich – guitar

title: El diablito


text:
Kidnapping of Tiede Herrema

In October 1975, Dutch businessman Tiede Herrema (21 April 1921 – 24 April 2020) was kidnapped by the Provisional IRA in Castletroy, near Limerick. This triggered a large police investigation and a two-week siege, after which Herrema was released unharmed.

Biography
Tiede Herrema was born in Zuilen (then a municipality, today part of Utrecht) in 1921. During World War II, he was arrested by Nazis because he was in the Dutch resistance, and was sent to a concentration camp in Poland. After being liberated by Soviet forces, he walked 500 km to American lines. In the 1970s, Herrema ran a wire factory, Ferenka, in the city of Limerick, Ireland. At the time, this was the city's biggest employer, with approximately 1,400 workers.

Kidnapping and rescue
On the morning of 3 October 1975, having just left his home in Castletroy near Limerick, Herrema was abducted by Provisional Irish Republican Army members Eddie Gallagher and Marion Coyle. The kidnappers demanded the release of three IRA prisoners, including Rose Dugdale.

After a massive security operation, the kidnappers were eventually traced on 21 October 1975 to a house in Monasterevin, County Kildare. After a further two-week-long siege, Herrema was released, shaken, but unharmed. He left Ireland soon after.

Aftermath
He eventually returned to Ireland to present an episode of Saturday Live in 1987. He and his wife Elizabeth were made honorary Irish citizens in 1975, and he was made a Freeman of the city of Limerick. In 2005, he donated his personal papers to the University of Limerick. Herrema died in April 2020, 5 days after his wife's death and 3 days after his 99th birthday.

title: Kidnapping of Tiede Herrema


text:
Talk:Canadian Fleabane

Canadian Fleabane merge to Horseweed

 * Sorry but you are too quick off the mark. Connyza canadensis is not Connyza equisiteum although they are similar and sometimes confused. Both have been called Horseweed. I was trying to draw attention to the difference. ping 07:49, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry ping, but you're over my head on that. Better to sort it out on the article's talk page.PooterCobb 08:01, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm no botanist, but it seems like "Horseweed" is used for several of the "Conyza" Genus: Canadian Fleabane is Conyza canadensis, others also called "Horseweed" are Conyza bonariensis, Conyza equisiteum, "Conyza ramosissima".

 * There seem to be many common names for species in this genus: "Canadian horseweed", "Hogweed", "Dwarf Horseweed", "branching conyza"

 * See the ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System) site

 * Thus it does seem appropriate to merge to the Horseweed article.

 * RickP 20:14, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

I've made it a redirect to Conyza canadensis, with Horseweed being a redirect to the genus page Conyza - MPF 22:57, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Canadian Fleabane


text:
User:Schutz/TODO

Some bits of information that could be integrated in misc articles:

 * Statistical independence: examples of abuse of the independence assumption, such as the AND-Multiplication error. People v. Collins could also be cited here, as well as Normally distributed and uncorrelated does not imply independent.
 * Municipalities of the Canton of Geneva: all communes have stubs and the infobox. They should probably all be checked, but this could wait until early 2006, and be done at the same time as a big update of the different statistics.
 * could be used as an image for the Geneva article.

Quick things to do:

 * Trans-Siberian Railway: check for possible copyvio in History section.
 * Check this edit
 * For TeX, in particular about the hyphenation and justification (H&J) part, the following pages may be interesting:
 * For Donald Knuth, more Q&A sessions: Munchen (Google Cache) Olso; other generic stuff
 * For Pythagorean theorem and Pythagorean triple:
 * It is not specified that the converse of the theorem is also true; see p. 164 of "Number: From Ahmes to Cantor" by Midhat Gazale (Pythagorean+triple+"construct+right+angles")
 * More about "constructing right angles": see p. 165 of the book,
 * Correct common typos such as those listed below. Worth doing once in a while, using for example the Google Searches (which do not return pages containing the word 'talk', to eliminate talk pages in the result).
 * reserach instead of researchWikipedia search or Google Search
 * resaerch would probably yield some hits too.
 * poeple instead of people Google Search
 * probabily or probabaly instead of probably
 * studing instead of studying

title: User:Schutz/TODO


text:
User:Schutz

I share my Wikipedia time between this site and the French-speaking Wikipedia, depending on my priorities and the time of the year... if you need me, don't hesitate to use my talk page there, or send me an email.

Things I have been doing:

 * Develop some bots and tools for housekeeping on Wikipedia:
 * Zorglbot, a bot which does some housekeeping on the Copyright problems and Templates for deletion pages.
 * A bot to automatically "bold" featured articles which have been featured on the main page, as well as indicate on the talk page of the article that the article has been featured.
 * List of broken redirects, on the toolserver: almost in real time (provided that there is no replication lag on the toolserver)
 * Parsed list of short pagse, again, on the toolserver and almost in real time.

 * Trying to remove "click here" links from as many articles as possible, since they are evil... There are still many of them left around...

QOTD, by User:DavidHoag: I try to avoid controversial areas on Wiki because, well, if I want to deal with idiots, I know plenty of Hollywood producers I could call.

TODO Misc Graphics

fr:Utilisateur:Schutz

For verification purposes: I wish to takeover the login Schutz on wikis on which it is not yet linked to my user account; currently: da, es, pt, vi.

title: User:Schutz


text:
Luis Cáncer

Luis Cáncer de Barbastro or Luis de Cáncer (1500 – June 26, 1549) was a Dominican priest and pioneer Spanish missionary to the New World. He undertook a non-violent approach to converting the American Indians to Christianity, and had significant success in this regard in the Caribbean and later in Guatemala. In 1549 he continued his mission work in Florida, an area already ravaged by previous explorers, and was killed on the shores of Tampa Bay. Since his death, he has been regarded by many as a martyr.

Early life
Cáncer was born at Barbastro in Aragón in 1500. Luis entered the Dominican order and was inspired like many of his time to go to the New World in an effort to spread Christianity.

Fray de Cáncer came to the New World in 1518 and worked successfully for some time among the native peoples of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola. He then ventured to the mainland and had particular success in Guatemala. A disciple of the famed Indian protector, Bartolomé de las Casas, Father de Cáncer's efforts were so successful in an area that was known for its bellicose natives, that it was renamed the “Province of True Peace.” He believed that aggression and violence were counter-productive to the spread of the Gospel and that the native peoples needed to be treated with dignity. He had great success in pacifying the Indians whom more violent methods had failed to subdue. He upheld the cause of the natives at an ecclesiastical assembly held in Mexico in 1546.

Florida expedition and death
Following his missionary success in Guatemala, Cáncer proposed a peaceful mission to Florida. The peninsula had already been ravaged by the expeditions of Pánfilo Narváez and Hernando de Soto and was regarded as very hostile to the Spanish, and Cáncer argued that further violence would never bring about its conversion to Catholicism and submission. In 1547, King Charles V approved Cáncer's Florida mission. However, the royal decree stipulated that the mission land at Florida's upper east coast, avoiding hostile territory in southern Florida and the Gulf Coast where earlier conquistadors had gone.

Cáncer recruited fellow Dominicans Gregorio de Beteta, Diego de Tolosa, Juan García, and a certain Brother Fuentes. Leaving Vera Cruz, they reached Havana in 1549. There, they took on a converted Florida Indian, Magdalena, a "highly recommended" interpreter. The expedition then left for Florida on a caravel captained by Juan de Arena. Despite the warnings to avoid the Gulf Coast, Arena took them to an area south of Tampa Bay, only miles from where the previous expeditions had landed. There, they encountered a group of apparently peaceful and receptive Indians, who told them about the many populous villages of the Tocobaga chiefdom around Tampa Bay. Perceiving the possibility of goodwill, the expedition split, with Magdalena, Diego de Tolosa, Brother Fuentes, and an unknown sailor joining the Indians on the half-day's land route, and Cáncer returning to the caravel to meet them at the bay.

The caravel reached Tampa Bay on June 23, 1549, but only Magdalena and a group of Indians greeted them. Magdalena, now "much changed" and wearing Indian attire, told Cáncer that she had convinced the local chief that the friars were peaceful, and that the other Spaniards were now his guests. Cáncer and the others returned to the caravel that evening, and on board they found Juan Munos, a sailor who had been enslaved by the Indians years before but now escaped. Munos indicated that the Tocobaga had killed the two friars and enslaved the sailor. Beteta and García wanted to flee immediately and sail for the east coast of Florida, but Cáncer refused to leave a land "hallowed by the life blood" of his compatriots. The next day, the three men rowed to shore, where they saw a group of hostile Indians, and Cáncer exited the boat. He waded to shore and prayed for a while. Upon rising, he was brought to the group and beaten to death with clubs.

Veneration
Cáncer has been regarded as a proto-martyr of Florida, as one of the Martyrs of La Florida. In 1860, Bishop Augustín Verot decided that the first parish on Florida's west coast should be named St. Louis Church in his honor. Likewise, in 1918 Cáncer's likeness was installed as part of a large stained glass window at the Church of St. Vincent Ferrer (New York) run by the Order of Preachers. In 1998 the Diocese of St. Petersburg established the Fr. Luis de Cáncer Distinguished Priestly Service Award to be given annually to a priest of the Diocese of St. Petersburg who best exemplifies selfless and dedicated service to the people of God. The Espíritu Santo Catholic Church in Safety Harbor, Florida, which is not far from the location of Cáncer's death, also has a stained glass window that depicts de Cáncer's martyrdom. In 2011, the diocese placed a Catholic Heritage Marker at the main entrance of that church, acknowledging both his and other early Catholic missionary efforts in the Tampa Bay area.

In 2015, the Congregation for the Causes of Saints bestowed the title Servant of God on Cáncer and 85 other Native American and Spanish martyrs of Florida,; the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops has endorsed the cause.

title: Luis Cáncer


text:
Roman de Rou

Roman de Rou ("Romance of Rollo") is a verse chronicle by Wace in Norman covering the history of the Dukes of Normandy from the time of Rollo of Normandy to the battle of Tinchebray in 1106. It is a national epic of Normandy.

Following the success of his Roman de Brut, which recounted the history of the Britons, Wace was apparently commissioned by Henry II of England to write a similar account of the origins of the Normans and their conquest of England. Wace abandons his tale before bringing it up to date, telling the reader in the final lines of Part III that the king had entrusted the same task to a Maistre Beneeit (believed to be Benoît de Sainte-More).

The work was started in the year 1160, and Wace seems to have performed his last revisions in the mid-1170s.

Composition
The work consists of:
 * a 315-line account of the Dukes in reverse chronological order known as the Chronique Ascendante. This is believed by some scholars not to be an original part of the Rou, but a separate work by Wace.
 * a 4,425-line section in alexandrines known as Part II
 * an 11,440-line section in octosyllables known as Part III

A 750-line section known as Le Romaunz de Rou et des dus de Normendie appended in some editions appears to be an early draft, abandoned and later reworked into the final redaction.

title: Roman de Rou


text:
Berthold Lubetkin

Berthold Romanovich Lubetkin (14 December 1901 – 23 October 1990) was a Georgian-British architect who pioneered modernist design in Britain in the 1930s. His work includes the Highpoint housing complex, the Penguin Pool at London Zoo, Finsbury Health Centre and Spa Green Estate.

Early years
Although certificates exist stating that his birth was in Warsaw in 1903, Lubetkin described these as false documents which he had used to conceal time spent in the Red Army. It is believed he was born in Tbilisi (now the capital of Georgia), into a Jewish family. His father, Roman (Reuben) Aronovich Lubetkin (1885, Saint Petersburg – 1942, Auschwitz), was a civil engineer for the railroad.

Lubetkin studied in Moscow and Leningrad where he witnessed the Russian Revolution of 1917 and absorbed elements of Constructivism, both as a participant in street festivals and as a student at VKhUTEMAS.

Lubetkin practised in Paris in the 1920s in partnership with Jean Ginsburg, with whom he designed an apartment building on #25 Avenue de Versailles. In Paris, he associated with the leading figures of the European Avant Garde including Le Corbusier. He continued to participate in the debates of Constructivism, designing a trade pavilion for the USSR in Bordeaux and participating in the Palace of the Soviets competition, for which his entry was shortlisted.

Tecton in the 1930s
Emigrating to London in 1931 from the Soviet Union, Lubetkin settled in the artists' community associated with the British art critic Herbert Read, located in Hampstead. In London he set up the architectural practice Tecton. The first projects of Tecton included landmark buildings for London Zoo, the Gorilla House and a penguin pool (clearly showing the influence of Naum Gabo). In 1934 Lubetkin designs and builds the first and only modernist terrace houses in England, in the highly dense Victorian suburban area of Plumstead, at 85–91 Genesta Road, SE18. These houses still represent a surprising sight, surrounded by Victorian terraces, and are Grade II listed. Lubetkin and Tecton set up the Architects and Technicians Organisation in 1936.

Tecton were also commissioned by London Zoo to design buildings for their reserve park at Whipsnade and to design a completely new zoo in Dudley. Dudley Zoo consisted of twelve animal enclosures and was a unique example of early Modernism in the UK. All of the original enclosures survive, apart from the penguin pool, which was demolished in 1979. According to the 20th Century Society: 'Encapsulated in the playful pavilions at Dudley is a call to remember the higher calling of all architecture, embracing not just material needs but also the desire to inspire and delight.'

Tecton's housing projects included private houses in Sydenham, the already mentioned modernist terraces at 85-91 Genesta Road in Plumstead, south London, and seven houses at Sunnywood Drive, Haywards Heath and most famously the Highpoint apartments in Highgate. Highpoint One was singled out for particular praise by Le Corbusier, while Highpoint Two exhibited a more surreal style, with its patterned facade and caryatids at the entrance.

The Labour Party council in the Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury were major patrons of Tecton, commissioning the Finsbury Health Centre, which was completed in 1938. Lubetkin and Tecton's achievement in Finsbury was to unite the aesthetic and political ambitions of Modernism with the radical municipal socialism of the Borough. The health centre resolved the tension between three key modernist ideals.

First: a social function; universal access to healthcare free at the point of use for the borough's residents (a decade before the NHS).

Second, the political; no longer was social good to be achieved through charity or hope, instead it was provided by a democratically elected and accountable municipal authority, funded through local taxation.

And third, the element which made Tecton's work unique, the aesthetic. The building's tiled facade shone above the surrounding slums, its rational conception asserted the ideal of a socialist future as the rational endgame to progress;  in Lubetkin's words the architecture "cried out for a new world". Lubetkin's modernism – 'nothing is too good for ordinary people' – laid down a challenge to the class bound complacency of thirties Britain. But Tecton's plans to replace Finsbury's slums with modern flatted housing were stopped by the onset of war in 1939. Paradoxically the war would move Lubetkin's work from the radical fringe to the mainstream. As the fighting progressed, the British government became increasingly committed to the idea of building a fairer society when peacetime came. As this was articulated through propaganda, Modernist architecture became the visual expression for this radiant future. Abram Games designed a series of posters comparing the promise of modernism, one featuring the Finsbury Health Centre, with the appalling realities of pre war Britain. The uncompromising title to each poster was: 'Your Britain- Fight for it Now'. A further sign of this political shift was the erection in 1941 of a statue in memorial to Lenin. Designed by Lubetkin, the memorial marked the site of Lenin's lodgings at Holford Square, London in 1902/3. The Monument had been defaced many times by those opposed to Communist Russia and its ideals at the time. This resulted in the monument being placed under 24-hour police guard.

Post-war

The post-war Labour victory was built on the promise of modernism as pioneered by Tecton. The Finsbury Health Centre became a model for the new National Health Service. To confirm the significance of Lubetkin's vision, the Minister of Health Aneurin Bevan laid the foundation stone to Tecton/Finsbury's Spa Green Estate in winter 1946. Spa Green remained the flagship estate, adapting many features from the luxury Highpoint flats for working families (including lifts, central heating, balconies, daylight from multiple directions, and a spectacular roof terrace); in 1998 it received a high Grade II* listing for its architectural significance and the 2008 restoration brought back the original colour scheme.

Spa Green was the first of a series of housing projects for the practice including Finsbury's Priory Green Estate and Tecton's work in Paddington (led by Denys Lasdun) at the Hallfield Estate. These all showed a more decorative, patterned style which contrasted greatly with the Brutalist style that was soon to emerge as the dominant form of welfare state architecture. Ironically, however, several features of Lubetkin's 1940s neo-Constructivist modernism have become staples of postmodern architecture, for example at Spa Green the floating roof canopy, the stairwells marked by repeated clusters of square 'windows', and the acute-angled canted meeting lodge.

For most of these projects Lubetkin and Tecton worked closely with Ove Arup as structural engineer. Arup's innovative concrete 'egg-crate' construction at Spa Green gave each flat clear views unobstructed by internal pillars, and his aerodynamic 'wind roof' provided a communal area for drying clothes and social gathering.

In 1947, Lubetkin was commissioned to be master planner and chief architect for the Peterlee new town, where he worked closely with Monica Felton. The following year Tecton was dissolved. Commenting on this, Lubetkin wrote to fellow Tecton member Carl Ludwig Franck "that after the war Tecton was at best a ghost of its former self".

Lubetkin's masterplan for Peterlee included a new civic centre for which he proposed a number of high rise towers. However the extraction of coal was to continue under the town for several years which posed a risk of subsidence. As a result, the National Coal Board (NCB), itself an agency of the Ministry of Fuel and Power would only consider a dispersed low density development. Despite investigating a number of options that would have allowed coal extraction to continue without preventing the proposed development, the NCB would not alter their policy. As Lubetkin was the employee of the Ministry of Town and Country Planning this developed into an inter-ministerial battle, and despite attempts at dispute resolution at cabinet level the difference in approach between the ministries remained. Frustrated at the unresolved bureaucratic battles, Lubetkin resigned from the Peterlee project in spring 1950. The only physical sign of his involvement in the scheme exists in the adjoining opposed parabola forms of the road layout at Thorntree Gill.

Lubetkin returned to Finsbury to complete (in collaboration with Francis Skinner and Douglas Bailey) his final project for the Borough, Bevin Court. Initially named Lenin Court the housing scheme was to incorporate Lubetkin's Lenin Memorial. Post-war austerity had imposed far greater budgetary constraints than in the showpiece Spa Green Estate, forcing Lubetkin to strip the project of the basic amenities he had planned; there were to be no balconies, community centre or nursery school. To save costs, Lubetkin made significant use of prefabricated floor and wall components. Instead he focused his energies on the social space. Fusing his aesthetic and political concerns he created a stunning constructivist staircase – a social condenser that forms the heart of the building. Before the building was completed the Cold war had intensified and as a result the scheme was renamed Bevin Court (honouring Britain's firmly anti-communist foreign secretary Ernest Bevin). In defiance, Lubetkin buried his memorial to Lenin under the central core to his staircase. The staircase was painted red as part of a restoration in 2014-2016.

Tecton's work would also be a major influence on the Festival of Britain. However Lubetkin's efforts to gain employment with the London County Council (the authority with responsibility for building the Festival) were rebuffed.

Frustrated, Lubetkin spent increasing time at the Gloucestershire farm he had managed for the Beamish family since the start of World War II, before purchasing it for himself. Though he failed to win several design competitions during the 1950s, he (again with Bailey and Skinner) designed three large council estates in London's Bethnal Green (now a part of Tower Hamlets). These schemes, the Cranbrook Estate, Dorset Estate (which featured the tower Sivill House) and the Lakeview Estate all made increased use of precast concrete façade panels while developing the idiom of complicated abstract facades and Constructivist staircases established in the 1940s.

Lubetkin eventually moved to Bristol where he lived with his wife. He campaigned in later life to protect the views of Brunel's Clifton Bridge; for Lubetkin, Brunel epitomised the spirit of technological progress which had first attracted him to England. In 1982, Lubetkin was awarded the RIBA Royal Gold Medal. He died in Bristol in 1990. Lubetkin (with Tecton) was the subject of a travelling exhibition sponsored by the Arts Council of Great Britain which opened at the Arnolfini Gallery in Bristol and toured the UK and Europe 1980 – 1983, under the title "Lubetkin and Tecton: architecture and social commitment". This featured specially commissioned models and illustrative material from his archive and was designed by David King. He was also the subject of a Design Museum exhibition in 2005. His daughter, Louise Kehoe, published an award-winning memoir in 1995, 'In This Dark House', which included previously unknown details of Lubetkin's early years.

In 2009, East Durham & Houghall Community College, based in Peterlee, named its theatre after Lubetkin in honour of the vision he had for the town. The Lubetkin Theatre was officially opened by his daughter Sasha Lubetkin on 5 October 2009. At the opening Sasha Lubetkin said: "I’m immensely proud that this beautiful theatre has been named after my father and that his work is remembered in spite of the brutal way it ended. He had such dreams for Peterlee, he wanted to turn it into the miners capital of the world. His respect and admiration of the miners made him want to create something really special that didn’t exist anywhere else but unfortunately that wasn’t possible."

The British Cement Association established the Berthold Lubetkin Memorial Lecture, the first given by the Japanese architect Tadao Ando in 1992, and RIBA the annual Lubetkin Prize for International Architecture.

Associated with Lubetkin

 * Ove Arup
 * Marcel Breuer
 * Wells Coates
 * Carl Ludwig Franck
 * Arthur Korn
 * Denys Lasdun
 * Francis Skinner

title: Berthold Lubetkin


text:
User talk:24.18.178.66

Adding commercial links (spam) is a violation of Wikipedia policy. Persistently adding them is vandalism. Please desist, or you will be blocked from editing. Pollinator 08:08, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:24.18.178.66


text:
University of the Southwest

The University of the Southwest is a private Christian university in Hobbs, New Mexico. It was incorporated as College of the Southwest in 1962, although the college had existed for several years prior as a two-year Baptist educational institution.

The University of the Southwest grants baccalaureate degrees, the Master of Business Administration (MBA), and the Master of Science in Education. It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

History
The University of the Southwest was founded by B. Clarence Evans as Hobbs Baptist College in 1956. It operated as a two-year junior college until 1958 when it was renamed New Mexico Baptist College in 1958 and began granting four-year degrees.

In 1961, the college moved onto a site just north of Hobbs, New Mexico, and was re-established as an interdenominational private four-year liberal arts college. In the following year, it was renamed the College of the Southwest, and in 2008, its name was again changed to its current name, the University of the Southwest.

Academics
University of the Southwest grants degrees in more than fifty undergraduate and fifteen graduate programs. These programs operate within three academic schools at the University; the School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business & Professional Studies, and the School of Education.

Student life
There are twelve student organizations at University of the Southwest. These student organizations operate in the areas of professionalism, academic honors, ministry, and civics. The university supports an intramural sports program wherein students, staff, and faculty participate. The University of the Southwest also hosts the Jack Maddox Distinguished Lecture Series.

Athletics
The University of the Southwest athletics teams are called the Mustangs. The university is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), which it initially joined as an independent member in 1994-1995. Since the 1998-1999 academic year, the university has been competing as part of the Red River Athletic Conference in the majority of its sports since the 1998–99 academic year; excepting its women's golf team, who competes in the Sooner Athletic Conference.

The University of the Southwest competes in 13 intercollegiate varsity sports, including baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, and tennis. In addition, women's teams exist for softball and volleyball. The school once fielded a track and field team, but has ceased to.

On March 15, 2022, a 2017 Ford Transit van containing members of the university's men's and women's golf teams was involved in a collision in Andrews County, Texas. The golf teams had been returning from a golf tournament in Midland, Texas. A pick-up truck crossed the center line of two-lane highway FM 1788 and struck the golf team van head-on, killing nine people. This included six students as well as the coach of the golf team. Two of the deceased students were international students from Portugal and Mexico; two students, from Canada, survived the crash. The driver and passenger of the pick-up truck were also killed.

Notable alumni

 * Khalid Abdulkhalik - Darfur national football team player

title: University of the Southwest


text:
Agurain/Salvatierra

Agurain in Basque or Salvatierra in Spanish is a town and municipality located in the province of Álava in the Basque Autonomous Community, northern Spain. The municipality, numbering 4,986 inhabitants (2015), is in turn the head town of the district or Cuadrilla of Salvatierra. The gross income per family amounts to 6,784 € (1997, Basque Autonomous Community: 8,258 €). With reference to workforce by economic sectors, 10.36% are employed in agriculture, 35.78% in the industry sector, 47.92% in the service sector and 5.95% in the construction industry (data not available for the municipality, applies to the larger Salvatierra District).

The council is headed by Mr Iñaki Beraza, member of the Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ-PNV)

Geography
The municipality, located at the centre of the eastern Alavese Plains, comprises a core built-up area sitting on a low ridge (605 m high) and consisting of three historical streets that stretch out south to north, i.e. Zapatari, Mayor and Carnicería, which bear witness to ancient guild clusters. North and west at the feet of the ridge, two watercourses, the Santa Barbara and Zadorra, outlined the town's limits not time ago, while increasingly absorbed by the rapid urban development. Outside the walls of the town spread age old neighbourhoods, such as the Madura (Basque for 'swamp'), La Magdalena or San Jorge. On either side of the road connecting the 'Portal del Rey' (main south entrance to the town) and the train station, a sprawl developed in the 1950s and 1960s, called La Moncloa. The town keeps on growing east beside the Madura through new housing projects in the 2000s (decade), i.e. Harresi Parkea.

There are other minor nuclei (villages) dotting the outward lands of the municipality of Salvatierra as follows:
 * Alangua
 * Arrizala: home to the famous dolmen Sorginetxe.
 * Egileor
 * Iturrieta: former village on a plateau, nowadays the site of an experimental farm. Not part of the municipality, but sometimes included within it for statistical purposes.
 * Opakua: at the foot of the mount Arrigorrista, lends its name to a winding mountain pass.

Economy
Agurain benefits from its location on the important European road axis N-1 E-5 E-80 and the Northern Railway, following that it developed industry since the early 20th century. In this respect, it is worth mentioning the one time stinky Curtidos Salvatierra S.A.L., a tanning factory, which provided not long ago work for so many inhabitants. Nowadays the town numbers three industrial estates, the two existing so far and a new one under construction, namely, Litutxipi across the train station, Agurain on the west (with PEM, former PUM Española, as its traditional flagship factory; maximum surface area for building 19,773 m2) and Galzar (urbanization works under way in 2008, maximum surface area for building 14,035 m2). The two latter industrial estates participate in a wider regional logistic scheme known as Vitoria Logistic Corridor.

A solar power plant in the outskirts of the town was inaugurated in 2007, currently the biggest in the Basque Autonomous Community, with a view to injecting into the power network 350,000 kWh/year.

History
The town of Salvatierra was founded in 1256 by the Castilian king Alfonso X on the former settlement of the village Hagurahin on top of a hill, a highly defensible position. Castile was intent on strengthening the territories bordering on the Kingdom of Navarre seized some decades ago. As a result, the king founded various strongholds or free towns (salvas terras, seguras and villas francas) over the lands of Gipuzkoa and Álava en route to Gascony through the northern Way of St. James, with a view at the same time to fostering Castilian trade.

Salvatierra was in the ensuing decades and centuries home to various scuffles, battles and sieges on the grounds of its bordering location with Navarre and its strategic position in the King's Highway to France. In the 13th century, the definitive layout of the town was established, with encircling walls and two big fortified churches sealing Salvatierra at the north and south ends (Santa María and San Juan churches respectively). The so-called olbeas were erected at this time too. These consisted of arcades, made originally of wood, next to both parishes in the one-time bustling marketplaces, and they have endured up to the present, although reconstructed in the 16th century.

The town thrived on its good location and trade in the Way of St. James, and it even had a Jewish quarter, located in today's 'Arramel' st. In 1521 the town had to fend off the attack of its own lord, the Count of Salvatierra, a rebellious leader that revolted against emperor Charles V in the Revolt of the Comuneros. Yet he failed to win the town, the Count was arrested and executed by the imperial forces, much to the joy of the inhabitants. The joy didn't last long though, since shortly afterwards the plague swept through the town, which eventually resulted in the burning of Salvatierra (1564), a disaster that some blame on a desperate attempt to put an end to the grim epidemic. Only the walls (and both main churches) were spared, almost the whole town was destroyed, a fact reflected in poems by the writer Juan Perez de Lazarraga.

Salbatierra

egun ey dago tristeric

oyta dabela

eguiten asco negarric

çerren jarri da

guztia destruiduric

ez da gueratu

barruan ese galantic

çerca çabaloc

jarri ey dira bacarric

oy onezquero

''ez da mercatu bearric (...) ''

After the burning, a vigorous and elegant reconstruction ensued under the hallmark of the Renaissance (late XVI-early XVII). Worth highlighting are the sumptuous walled stately homes in between the main streets, such as the Casa de los Diezmos in the 'Carnicería' st. While the building frenzy of the previous century waned in the 18th century, there were still some outstanding works like the pentagonal San Juan Church's baroque style porch stretching out to the centre of the marketplace.

The 19th century was to know unrest and turmoil in this area. The First Carlist War left a mayor scar on the town's medieval nucleus, since the walls were demolished in order to furnish the nearby Guevara fortress, a Carlist key position, with proper material. Between both Carlist Wars the railway was established up to the French border; however, the stretch between Vitoria-Gasteiz and Olazagutia was ready by 1862, so Agurain had already a railway stop at that time, following that the town started to expand south out of the medieval nucleus by lining both sides of the road to the station and SW of the Main Road N-1.

The town garnered particular attention at the height of the ETA (separatist group) terror attacks. On October 3, 1980, three unmasked gunmen murdered three Civil Motor Guard traffic offers -- Corporal Avelino Palma Brioa, Constable Ángel Prado Mella and Lance Corporal José Luis Vázquez Plata. The murders took place just minutes before the start of a cycling race that was to have kicked off the local Agurain fiesta. The murders received particular notoriety because the local priest, Ismael Arrieta Pérez de Mendiola, provided details to help the terrorists plan the attack. Father Ismael received 10 years in prison for each of the 3 murders (which the Supreme Court of Spain later reduced to 18 years).

Crossroads
The location of Salvatierra in the middle of a plain has been an important crossroads as early as the Neolithic age, as evidenced by the presence of two important dolmens nearby (see below). Scholars pinpoint the Roman manor Alba, a milestone in the Astorga-Bordeaux Roman road (extending west to east), in the nearby village of Albeniz (some others point to Salvatierra). The way winding down the pass (cave) of San Adrian into the plains around Agurain that was to become the Way of St. James evidences prehistoric traces of seasonal cattle migration, dolmens and burial mounds in the area. It was also used by Romans and gained momentum after the seizure of Gipuzkoa and Alava by the Castilians.

The use of the Way of St. James lost ground to new and more convenient roads, like the one built through Salinas de Leniz in 1765, which proved more practical for carriages, resulting in the transfer of the traffic to the latter. The traffic gone trickle first and drain later brought about some decay to Salvatierra. Yet new communications were being built at the time: Vitoria-Gasteiz was connected to the town with a new road in 1820, and on to the corridor of Burunda. In 1862 the railway connecting Madrid and Irun arrived in the town. After having crossed the town right in the south entrance to the Medieval Nucleus for decades, currently the main road E-5 A-1 (Nacional I) passes by the town west to east en route to France.

Language
The main language of use in Salvatierra is currently Spanish and it has been so for at least the last 150 years. In 1841, there was an interpreter required by the town council for Basque speaking residents. The geographer Elisée Reclus includes the town within the boundaries of the Basque language area still in 1867. Nowadays younger generations that come out of Basque-language schools (called ikastolas) since the 1970s may speak and/or understand Basque.

Features

 * San Juan and Santa María churches: Both impressive churches tower over the town. Due to the fortified nature of Agurain, both churches seal off the town south and north in a continuum with the town walls. Hence military architecture may be noticed (thick and stark walls, few windows and outward corridors perched on their walls for the sentries). Their current construction dates from the period spanning the 14th to early 16th century. They are both made in late gothic style and distributed in three naves.
 * Dolmen Sorginetxe: This dolmen north of Arrizala is not far from another one, Aizkomendi (located north-east in the village of Eguilaz), which bears witness to dolmen building activity in the Neolithic. These dolmens, used as burial monuments, were arguably situated at crossroads. The area is not without tales of witches and spells (in step with the dolmen's name: 'witch house'), especially as regards the cavern of Lezao.
 * Olbeas of San Juan: The present-day arcade sloping up south to north goes back to the 16th century (rebuilt after the fire). The long corridor glows with picturesque charm, with some of its columns being made of wood. A marketplace is held there every Tuesday since the town charter was granted in 1256.

title: Agurain/Salvatierra


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Samaniego, Spain

Samaniego is a town and municipality located in the province of Araba (Álava), in the Basque Country, northern Spain.

It forms part of the Rioja Alavesa wine region, and is located 10km west of Laguardia, 45km south of the provincial capital Vitoria-Gasteiz.

The primary industry of the town is winemaking, and a number of wineries are found within the village. The landscape is characterised by the extensive vineyards, and the Sierra de Cantabria mountain range which rises in the north of the municipality.

title: Samaniego, Spain


text:
San Millán/Donemiliaga

San Millán in Spanish or Donemiliaga in Basque is a scattered municipality made up of several villages located in the province of Araba (Álava), in the Basque Country, northern Spain. Its biggest nucleus is the village San Roman, lying at the south of the important road axis E-5 E-80 N-1 cutting its way east to west through the Alavese Plains. Other localities include Galarreta and Munain.

title: San Millán/Donemiliaga


text:
Urkabustaiz

Urkabustaiz (Urcabustaiz) is a municipality located in the province of Araba (Álava), in the Basque Country, northern Spain. Its capital is the town of Izarra.

Councils
The municipality consists of 12 towns governed by 10 administrative boards. As of 2018, their populations are as follows:

title: Urkabustaiz


text:
Church pennant

A church pennant is a pennant flown to indicate that a religious service is in progress. It is flown on ships and establishments (bases).

Marine Nationale
The French Navy maintained a church pennant but it fell into disuse in 1905.

Royal Navy and Royal Netherlands Navy
The Church Pennant as used by the Royal Navy, other navies of the Commonwealth, and the Royal Netherlands Navy.

History
The broad pennant combination of the English Flag at the hoist and the Dutch National Flag in the fly originates from the Anglo-Dutch wars of the late 17th century, when it was used on Sundays to indicate that a service was in progress and a ceasefire existed between the warring nations.

United States Navy
The United States Navy maintains several church pennants, of which the appropriate one is flown immediately above the ensign wherever the ensign is displayed, at the gaff when under way, or at the flagstaff when not under way, when religious services are held aboard ship by a Navy chaplain. Originally, the only authorized church pennant was for Christian chaplains, regardless of specific denomination. Later in 1975, the Secretary of Navy approved a similar Jewish worship pennant.

title: Church pennant


text:
Valdegovía/Gaubea

Valdegovía/Gaubea (Valdegovía, Gaubea) is a town and municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country (autonomous community), northern Spain.

The town-hall is located in Villanueva de Valdegovía / Uribarri Gaubea. There is a factory producing mantecadas in Tuesta.

Villages
The municipal term includes 30 small villages, some of which are grouped in Concejos:

 * Acebedo
 * Astúlez
 * Bachicabo
 * Barrio
 * Basabe
 * Bóveda
 * Caranca y Mioma, Concejo formed by Caranca and Mioma villages
 * Karkamu (Cárcamo)
 * Corro
 * Espejo
 * Fresneda
 * Ginea
 * Gurendes-Quejo, Concejo formed by Gurendes and Quejo
 * Nograro
 * Osma
 * Pinedo
 * Quintanilla
 * Tobillas
 * Tuesta
 * Valderejo, Concejo formed by Lahoz, Lalastra, Ribera and Villamardones
 * Valluerca
 * Villamaderne, includes Bellojín village
 * Villanañe
 * Villanueva de Valdegovía-Uribarri Gaubea, main town

title: Valdegovía/Gaubea


text:
Robert D. Carey

Robert Davis Carey (August 12, 1878 – January 17, 1937) was an American politician from Wyoming, a state of which he served as Governor and represented in the United States Senate. He was the first native-born Wyomingite to serve in either position. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Biography
Robert Carey was born on August 12, 1878, to Joseph Maull Carey and Louisa David in Cheyenne in the Wyoming Territory. He attended and received an education from the public schools and Hill School in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. Carey attended college and graduated from Yale University in 1900, after which he moved to Converse County, Wyoming. Once back in Wyoming, Carey entered the livestock and agricultural businesses and took an interest in banking. He served as a member of the Progressive National Committee for Wyoming from 1912 to 1916 and chairman of the Wyoming State Highway Commission from 1917 to 1918. Carey also served as president of the Wyoming Stock Grower's Association between 1917 and 1921.

In 1918, Carey was elected the 11th Governor of Wyoming, serving from 1919 to 1923. He was Wyoming's first governor to be born in the state. He was appointed by President Calvin Coolidge in 1924 to evaluate agriculture in the United States as chairman of the agricultural conference.

Carey was elected to represent Wyoming as a Republican in the United States Senate on November 4, 1930, to fill a vacancy created by the death of Francis E. Warren and was also elected in his own right to the term commencing in March 1931. He assumed office on December 1, 1930, and served until the expiration of his term on January 3, 1937. He unsuccessfully sought reelection in 1936.

Upon the expiration of his term in the United States Senate, Carey returned to Wyoming to reenter the agricultural business. He died on January 17, 1937, two weeks after he left office, in Cheyenne. He was interred in Lakeview Cemetery.

title: Robert D. Carey


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nintendocore

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. -R. fiend 17:05, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Nintendocore
Neologism, of the (random word)-core variety. No evidence of use that I could find; 209 unique hits (including usernames and non-English stuff) on Google, and the Wikipedia article comes up as the second hit. - A Man In Black (conspire | past ops) 08:11, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, barely-used neologism. Proto t c 08:44, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Gamewave. That's the term I've heard for this kind of music. flowersofnight 09:40, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or redirect -- my google shows 519 hits, jeeves 800+, alta vista 1250+. 90% using the word in reference to music. Maybe a minor genre, but a genre it is. Eaglizard 13:05, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 519 hits on Google, 209 of which are unique. - A Man In Black (conspire | past ops) 13:23, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per A Man In Black. -- Kjkolb 14:03, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Legitimate classification, and distinct from Gamewave, which is an electronic, not a hardcore, subgenre. Page links to a number of entries for bands belonging to the subgenre. Irrelevant that Wikipedia article comes up high on the Google hit list: if this were grounds to remove an article, then we should also delete entries such as Jew, Liberia and Utilitarianism. -- Mrmooky 14:58, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not arguing that this isn't a distinct genre (I'm not qualified), but instead I don't see any evidence that this article isn't a neologism or original research. Can you link to an example of this term in use? - A Man In Black (conspire | past ops) 15:11, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator CDC   (talk)  19:35, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge the list of bands (minus the wikilinks on some of the less popular ones) and redirect to gamewave. --Jacquelyn Marie 04:32, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please it is a real music genre we should not erase it Yuckfoo 00:00, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Can you present any evidence of use of this term? I'm naturally suspicious of "something-core" genres, but I admit I don't know much about the subject. I just couldn't find any evidence of use of the term, and the bands listed don't describe themselves as "Nintendocore". - A Man In Black (conspire | past ops) 00:31, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete neologism not found in the wild. Pete.Hurd 06:03, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Villabuena de Álava/Eskuernaga

Villabuena de Álava in Spanish or Eskuernaga in Basque is a municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country (Basque Autonomous Community) of northern Spain. It is famous for its production of top quality wines. The village has 48 wineries ranging from small family-owned businesses to larger bulk-production wineries. The centre of the village contains one of the oldest and most decorated churches in the Basque region, the Nearby is Hotel Viura, a boutique hotel.

Civic architecture
Villabuena features long, parallel streets, which follow the contours of the river valley, where the parish church stands. One of the outstanding aspects of the municipality are the many renaissance houses, patrician houses, and small palaces adorned with coats of arms, built between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries.

The House of the Indian
The Palace of Peciña Samaniego is known as "The House of the Indian". It was built by Andrés de Bença, between 1608 and 1610, for Pedro Peciña Samaniego, archdeacon and canon of Santiago de Compostela. The palace was built on a rectangular plan with a ground floor, an apartment above, and a tower that is accessed through a semicircular arch. The tower features two more semicircular arches, forming a gallery. A relief decorates the key of the arch. Some of the original Carlists of the region, like Francisco de Paula Rivas, stayed in the apartment.

House of the Marqués de Solana
Construction of the Marqués de la Solana began in the sixteenth century and continued in the eighteenth century, with the addition of two wings. This resulted in a house with two facades: the older one facing Santiago Street and the second one facing the High Street.

The houses on the main street
Along Villabuena Street, there are many houses that have carved, decorative elements, such as coats of arms, which identify the original owners. One house has a quartered shield with a bear being attacked by a dog next to a tree, a castle with three towers, and a farmhand holding a horn, with a forest and a wild boar hunting scene in the background.

The square and the town hall
The Square of the Tree of Gernika is the heart of the town, where a large part of the neighbourhood's social life takes place. The square is bordered by the House of Culture, the pharmacy, the town hall, the church, the House of the Tithes, and the Hotel Viura. The hotel is noted for avant-garde architecture.

The Town Hall is located across from the square. The top storey, facing the square, features the coat of arms of Castilla León.

The house on the square
On the north side of the square is a three-storey building with a symmetrical frontage, built during the 18th or 19th century. Two carved shields decorate the building: one shows a dog tied to a tree and the other shield has an unknown history.

The Dolmen of the Montecillo
The Dolmen of the Montecillo was discovered at the end of 2009. This is a megalithic tomb situated in a passage between two vineyards. There are seven similar tombs in the Rioja of Alava. It is broken and half covered by a morcuero (pile of loose stones). The entry to the passage is hidden due a wall that separates the two vineyards, a situation which has helped to preserve the tomb.

Religious architecture
The parish church, St. Andrew's, is dedicated to the patron saint, San Andreas. It was constructed between 1539 and 1728, and includes Gothic and Baroque architectural features.

Villabuena has three chapels: San Roque (now ruined), San Torcuato, and Santa Maria de Villabuena. The chapel of San Torcuato, dedicated to the patron saint of Villabuena, is on the north side of the town. It is a compact building of rectangular construction.

Santa Maria de Villabuena is also built in rectangular form. It is covered with a fanlight vault in the lower part and the upper part is smooth. It was restored in 1959 but retains many of its Romanesque and Gothic features: a large window, a carved-stone baptismal font, a stone frieze under the pedestal of the Virgin and its image, and a door with a pointed arch.

Past residents
Francisco de Paula Rivas, a political Carlist, was born in Villabuena in 1827. He was a senator for Alava in 1871, and was named as a member of the Basque Meetings, created by Manterota in 1870. In 1874 he became President of the General Meetings of Alava (called Juntas Maeztu or Together Maeztu), which had been named by the Carlist pretender. de Paula Rivas acted as a mediator between the different factions of the Carlist movement. After the Meetings dissolved, he resigned was named as a Commissioner in Court and as a representative of Alava in the Basque-Navarrese Meetings.

Pedro Peciña Samaniego was archdeacon and canon of Santiago de Compostela. At the beginning of the seventeenth century he ordered the construction of a palace in his native locality. After some years the building became known as "The House of the Indian".

Diego Sánchez Samaniego was a local clergyman during the 16th Century and became Archdeacon of Santiago de Compostela. He was related to many people in the civil and ecclesiastic government of that era. He built a large fortune and wanted to build a chapel in the parish of Villabuena, dedicated to Nuestra Señora del Rosario (Our Lady of the Rosary). He arranged for this in his will and his heirs subsequently gained the rights to the chapel of Saint Peter. This led to a lawsuit with the parish.

title: Villabuena de Álava/Eskuernaga


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Black Alien & Speed

Black Alien & Speed was an independent Brazilian Hip hop duo active between 1993 and 2001. Made up of singer Black Alien and the late producer/musician/rapper Speed, they started out using the name Speedfreaks and around 1998 became Black Alien & Speed.

The group performed and recorded in Brazil with artists such as Afrika Bambaataa, De La Soul, Beastie Boys, Chad Smith (Red Hot Chili Peppers), Carlos Lyra, Roberto Menescal, Nação Zumbi, Otto, Marcelo D2 and many others. In 2001, 80.000 copies of the hit "Quem Que Caguetou?"/"Follow Me, Follow Me" were released in a magazine in Brazil, and later in 2003, this song was in a commercial for a Nissan car called "Le Marathon". With the advertisement success, famous DJ Fatboy Slim remixed the track and the remixed version became another hit.

In 2005 the group separated and both members started working on solo careers. Black Alien has recorded a successful solo album, Babylon By Gus, Vol. 1 (2004). Speed released a number of independent albums until his death in 2010.

title: Black Alien & Speed