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Houston Heights

Houston Heights (often referred to simply as "The Heights") is a community in northwest-central Houston, Texas, United States. "The Heights" is often referred to colloquially to describe a larger collection of neighborhoods next to and including the actual Houston Heights. However, Houston Heights has its own history, distinct from Norhill and Woodland Heights.

History

In 1886, Oscar Martin Carter, a former bank president from Nebraska arrived in Houston and by 1891 he and a group of investors had established the Omaha and South Texas Land Company, managed by Carter and a subsidiary of the American Loan and Trust Company. The company purchased 1756 acre of land and established infrastructure, including streets, alleys, parks, schools, and utilities, worth $500,000. As one of Texas's early planned communities, Houston Heights was founded as a streetcar suburb of Houston and attracted residents who did not wish to live in the dense city but had a way to commute back and forth for work. Another appealing factor to potential residents was that the area is 23 feet higher in elevation than Houston, which was experiencing yellow fever outbreaks along with other waterborne illnesses due to excessive flooding and high levels of mosquitos.

It had its own municipality, established on July 1, 1896 and William G. Love served as the first mayor and J.B. Marmion was the fifth and final mayor. According to the U.S. Census of 1900 the area had 800 residents and had its own school system, hospital and emergency services. By 1919 the city government experienced difficulty collecting sufficient tax revenue to fund the school system and so the small community agreed to be annexed to the city of Houston.

After World War II industrial interests moved into the Houston Heights.

Sister M. Agatha wrote the book History of the Houston Heights, published in 1956. Some of her research stemmed from a document and photograph collection organized by Jimmie May Hicks, the head librarian at the Heights Public Library from 1931 to 1964.

Marilyn Bardsley of Crime Library stated that the Houston Heights became "decrepit" and "tired" after World War II. In that period several units of housing were subdivided into apartments and maintenance declined. In the 1970s the Houston Heights was considered to be a low income area of the city. In 1973 the Houston Heights Association (HHA) was established to reverse this trend.

On December 13, 1970, Dean Corll began luring and killing children from the Houston Heights which became known as the Houston Mass Murders. For most of the period of his crime spree, Corll lived in or close to Houston Heights as his two teenage accomplices resided there. Other teens from the area were targeted simply because the two teens knew many of them which made it easier to entice them to Corll's various residences during the period.

From the 1980 U.S. Census to the 1990 Census, the population of the Houston Heights declined by more than 1,000 people per square mile. The Houston Heights Association opened in 1973.

From 1980 to 2017, about 100 houses and other properties in the Heights have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Since the 1990s, and similar to other parts of Houston inside the 610 Loop, the Heights has experienced gentrification, a process ongoing to this day, as young highly paid professionals (many of whom work in Downtown Houston) have flocked to the area, purchasing and renovating some of the historic homes (and demolishing some of them to build newer, upscale housing). Upscale boutiques and restaurants have opened in the area, giving the streetscape an appearance not too much unlike Bellaire, Lower Westheimer or Upper Kirby.

The 7000 sqft Houston Heights Fire Station, a former fire station at 12th Street at Yale Street was constructed as Houston Heights' city hall and jail, and fire station in 1914. After annexation, it served as a city of Houston fire station from 1918 until 1995. The Houston Heights Association took a 30-year lease on the property from the city and refurbished the property. By December 2009 the former city hall was for sale.

In 2013 CNN Money ranked the Houston Heights as no. 4 in its Top 10 big city neighborhoods ranking.

A section of the Houston Heights was a "dry" (no sales of alcohol allowed) district from 1912 to 2017.

Cityscape
The Houston Heights, one of the earliest planned communities in Texas, is located 4 mi northwest of Downtown Houston. A National Geographic article says "stroll the area's broad, tree-canopied esplanades and side streets dotted with homes dating from the early 1900s and you may think you've landed in a small town." In 2011 John Nova Lomax said that the Heights, which he describes as "Houston's own mini-Austin," had many "low-key" restaurants and beer gardens. The Houston Heights Association describes the Heights as being bounded by Interstate 10 on the south, North Shepherd Drive on the west, Interstate 610 on the north and both North Main and Studewood Streets on the east.

Neighbourhoods within Houston Heights include Shady Acres in the northwest, Greater Heights in the central, and Woodland Heights in the southeast.

According to a study of the University of Houston Institute of Regional Forecasting and Crawford Realty Advisors, from 2002 to 2003 prices of single family houses appreciated by 8.7 percent. Anjali Athavalley said "[r]eal estate agents say most houses there costing less than $200,000 need serious work" and "[b]uying a single-family house in the Houston Heights, for example, is getting expensive."

Gabi Barrett of Bella Magazine wrote in the Pensacola News Journal stated that the Heights is similar to two neighborhoods in Pensacola, East and North Hill.

In 1976 James Conaway of the Texas Monthly described the Heights as a "seedy, lower-middle-class enclave with horizons limited to once-fashionable homes divided into low-rent apartments, and guarded by pickups on concrete blocks."

Local government
By 2000 Houston Heights community retained its prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages. The Houston Heights passed a prohibition on alcoholic beverages in 1912, and the annexation agreement followed by the City of Houston stipulates that much of the Heights must retain the ban on alcoholic beverages. Many restaurants in the zone got around the ordinance by forming private clubs that patrons may join so that the patrons can order alcoholic beverages. In 2016 the requirement that grocery stores not sell beer nor wine was disbanded through a vote, and in 2017, the prohibition against alcohol in restaurants and on sales of other alcohol was disbanded though the complete dissolution of the 1912 ordinance; the latter was by a vote with 60% in favor.

The Houston Fire Department operates Station 15 Heights in the Northside district, near the Houston Heights. It is a part of Fire District 6. Fire Station 15 moved to Houston Avenue and North Main in 1918 and North Main at Tabor in 1942. The current station at Dunbar and North Main opened in 1999.

The Houston Police Department's (HPD) Central Patrol Division serves the neighborhood. The Heights Storefront was formerly located at 1127 North Shepherd. The Heights storefront closed in 2017 as the owner of the building chose not to renew HPD's lease.

As of 2011 most of the Heights is a part of Houston City Council District C, while a portion is in District H. Because of the inclusion of the Heights, Montrose, and Rice University areas, it has the nickname "Hipstrict" for what Chris Moran of the Houston Chronicle refers to as its "progressive, urban ethic." Before the 2011 redistricting, District H included all of the Houston Heights. H was mostly Hispanic, but because of the inclusion of the Houston Heights, it was becoming increasingly non-Hispanic White. Around 2011 an earlier plan would have combined the Heights and Montrose under a district called District J.

In a 1989 Houston Chronicle article Alan Bernstein described political support for Jim Westmoreland, an incumbent in an at-large position, in the Houston Heights as "relatively weak." In one precinct 49.4 percent of the voting residents voted for him. Westmoreland drew controversy after reports of a joke that was characterized as "racist" spread. Beverley Clark, the opponent and a Black teacher, defeated Westmoreland in that race. Bernstein said that the significant racial minority groups and the "social tolerance" trait may have contributed to backlash against Bernstein. In a 1989 Houston Chronicle article, Randy Cypret, the president of the Houston Heights Association, said that the split vote from the Houston Heights may reflect the ethnic division. Cypret added that opposition may have stemmed from Westmoreland's lack of political presence in the Houston Heights and a lack of advocacy for zoning-related issues. Cypret said that he opposed Westmoreland because of "the fact that he considers being on the city council a part-time job. In the fourth largest city in the country, you should take your job more seriously."

County, state, and federal representation
The area United States Postal Service office is the Heights Post Office at 1050 Yale Street, but the post office is scheduled to close on December 30, 2015. Operations and post office boxes are moving to the TW House Station located at 1300 West 19th Street.

Harris Health System (formerly Harris County Hospital District) designated Casa de Amigos Health Center in Northside for the ZIP codes 77007 and 77008. The nearest public hospital is Ben Taub General Hospital in the Texas Medical Center.

Demographics
In 2010, the research paper "Houston Heights" described Houston Heights as having a "diverse population" and in the same year National Geographic said that the Houston Heights was "home to the highest concentration of professional artists" in Texas.

Since 2000, Houston Heights has experienced widespread gentrification, which has affected the demographics of the neighborhood. In 2000, the median household income in Houston Heights was $41,576 and by 2015 it nearly doubled to $80,048. 42% of households earn over $100,000 a year. During that same time, median housing value increased from $118,758 in 2000 to $315,793 in 2015.

Ethnic demographics also shifted during this time. Between 2000 and 2015, the Hispanic population decreased from 53% to 34% and Non-Hispanic Whites increased from 42% to 58%.

In 2015, the population of the Super Neighborhood #15 Greater Heights, which includes the Houston Heights and several surrounding subdivisions, was 41,362.

Age Breakdown
This is the age breakdown of Super Neighborhood #15 Greater Heights.

Transportation
Bike Trails : The MKT Trail is a Rails-to-Trails conversion project of 4.62 miles made up of a 10-foot wide, concrete, multi-use hike and bike trail along the old Missouri, Kansas, Texas railroad right-of-way.

The trail runs from 26th Street to 7th Street along Nicholson, and from Shepherd along 7th Street, to Spring Street, across White Oak Bayou, and under I-45, where it connects to the Heritage Corridor West Trail providing a connection to the University of Houston and other downtown bikeways and destinations.

Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas (METRO) formerly operated the Heights Transit Center. In 2018 the city government purchased the site from METRO. It is now Sunset Heights Park.

Culture
A National Geographic Traveler article stated that the Houston Heights "maintains a quirky sense of individuality" and "flourishes as a destination for foodies, architecture buffs, and creative types."

Doug's Barbershop on 11th Street was featured in the 1998 film Rushmore, directed by Wes Anderson. Doug's has also been featured in various television and print advertisements due to its classic barbershop decor.

Media
The Houston Chronicle is the citywide newspaper.

The headquarters of Houstonia magazine is in the Houston Heights.

The Suburbanite was the first ever newspaper established in the Heights. The Leader is a local community newspaper. Sharon Lauder publishes a monthly newspaper that was created in 1986, The Heights Tribune; businesses receive copies of this publication.

Economy
Fiesta Mart formerly had a location in the Heights. H-E-B acquired the former Fiesta location in 2015, and stated it would build a store there if voters removed the 1912 ban on grocery stores selling beer and wine. The prohibitions against sales of beer and wine were repealed in a 2016 vote, and H-E-B began construction in October 2017.

Colleges and universities
Houston Community College provides community college services.

The Gulf Coast Bible College was located in the Houston Heights. While it was there, it tried to form its own campus by buying and tearing down houses. In 1984 the college announced it was moving to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, doing so in June 1985. In August of that year the college was still trying to sell the Houston Heights campus.

Primary and secondary schools
The Heights is served by Houston Independent School District (HISD). It is in Trustee District I, represented by Elizabeth Santos as of 2018. HISD's Central Region offices were located in the Houston Heights in the former Holden Elementary building.

Elementary schools that serve portions of the Houston Heights include Harvard, Helms Community Learning Center, Field, Love, and Sinclair. Helms is located in Heights block 76, while Harvard is in Heights block 248. Helms has a Spanish-English bilingual program that began in 1996 as a partnership with the University of St. Thomas. Shell Oil Co. founded a learning laboratory at Helms with a $500,000 grant. By 2008 the Ministry of Education of the Spanish Embassy named Helms an "International Spanish Academy". Field Elementary is in nearby Pinelawn. Love Elementary is adjacent to, but outside of, the Heights proper.

Middle schools that serve portions of the Houston Heights include Hamilton and Hogg. Hamilton is in the Heights, on blocks 71, 72, and 87; Hogg is in adjacent Norhill. High schools that serve portions of the Houston Heights include Heights High School (formerly John H. Reagan High School) and Waltrip High School. The Arabic Language Immersion School, a magnet elementary school, opened in the former Holden Elementary School location in the fall of 2015; it is located in Heights Block 21.

Two state charter schools are located in the Heights; they are: Houston Heights Learning Academy and Houston Heights High School. Three private schools, a K-9 school called The New School in the Heights, Immanuel Lutheran Church and School (K-8) and Houston Outdoor Learning Academy, a 6-12 private school, are in the Houston Heights.

Trinity Classical School has an elementary campus in the Heights.

the British International School of Houston in Greater Katy has a school bus service to the Houston Heights.

History of schools
The first elementary school to open in the Houston Heights was Cooley Elementary School, which opened in 1894, and was located in Heights block 131. Harvard Elementary School opened in 1898.

An elementary school for black children, which became Eighth Avenue Elementary, opened in 1911 and received its current name and final campus in 1913. The campus on Heights block 267, in 2003 served the southwest portion of the Houston Heights. It became a district-run charter school, a status sought by principal Teresa Lenoir, because the State of Texas did not grant the school permission to have early Friday dismissal to allow for teacher training, while the school had the right to unilaterally do so with charter status.

In 1914, a businessman donated land for a new elementary school, which became Love Elementary School. Helms Elementary School was built in 1918, and opened in 1921. It was named after a member of the Houston Heights school board and had a cost of $49,000. Within the Heights, the city's budget became increasingly less able to support the educational needs of the city's population. This influenced the decision to allow the City of Houston to annex the Houston Heights.

Houston Heights Senior High School opened in 1919. Harvard became a part of Houston ISD in 1921 and Love moved to its current location in 1923. In 1925 Heights High School became Hamilton High School. In 1926 Love received a new campus, Hogg opened, and Reagan opened; Hamilton became a junior high school that year. Field opened in February 1929. The final 8th Avenue building opened in 1958. Sinclair and Waltrip opened in 1959. During the same year, Twenty-Third Street Elementary School in the Houston Heights received fire damage, so it closed. In 1960 Holden Elementary School opened on the site of the former Twenty-Third Street Elementary School. In 1965, Cooley was renovated.

Cooley closed in 1980. Shortly afterwards HISD began housing offices in the Cooley building. In 1997 a small portion of the Houston Heights was rezoned to Waltrip. In 2001 Helms received its current name. Holden closed in May 2004 and students were rezoned to Sinclair and Helms; at the time 52% of students zoned to Holden were enrolled in Holden. Eighth Avenue closed after the HISD board voted to close it in 2004. Students were rezoned to Love Elementary.

Prior to Houston ISD's 2005 reorganization, the North Central District was headquartered in the Cooley Facility. It served as the headquarters of HISD's alternative certification program until 2010, when the location was sold to a home builder.

The former Holden Elementary building was used for Energy Institute High School for school year 2013-2014 and later the Arabic Immersion Magnet School.

Previously Crockett Elementary School in the Sixth Ward served a small section of the Houston Heights north of Interstate 10. A 2015 rezoning proposal was presented that would remove the portion of the Crockett boundary north of Interstate 10. These sections were rezoned to Harvard and Travis, with two students affected.

In 2015 Field Elementary applied to have a magnet program for theater and media arts.

In 2016 residents in the Love Elementary attendance area proposed adding a magnet program to Love Elementary so it could attract a wider variety of students and additional financial support from the community. As of that year it had fewer than 500 students; 88% of its students were Hispanic or Latino, 7% were white, and 89% were considered low income. Its demographics and level of financial support strongly contrast with other Heights area elementary schools.

Public libraries
The Heights Neighborhood Library of the Houston Public Library (HPL) is located at 1302 Heights Boulevard, in Heights block 170. It has a pink Stucco Italian Renaissance façade and arches in its doors and windows. Jason P. Theriot wrote in the Houston Review that the ceilings are "high" and that the arches were "beautifully" done. Due to renovations the library has over 14000 sqft of space.

The first Heights area library facility was the Baptist Temple Library, opening in 1909, which was established by Reverend Fred Huhns. This collection moved to Heights Senior High School in 1918. The Trustees and the Heights Committee spent $7,500 to buy the land for the current facility in the mid-1920s. The current building opened in 1925 and was dedicated on March 18, 1926.

Parks and recreation
The City of Houston operates parks within and around the Houston Heights. The Heights Boulevard Park is located at 100-1900 Heights Boulevard. Milroy Park and Community Center has a playground and lighted tennis courts. Milroy Park, on Heights Block 185, formerly housed the original Heights High School campus, and in 2001 it began hosting the Heights FunDay. Love Park and Community Center are adjacent to the Houston Heights. Love Park has an outdoor basketball pavilion, a 0.2 mi hike and bicycle trail, a playground, a lighted sports field, and a swimming pool. Love Community Center has an indoor gymnasium, meeting rooms, and a weight room. In addition the Houston Heights World War II Memorial is located in the Heights.

The MKT/SP Heights Trail runs along the south edge of the neighborhood approximately 4.6 miles, with mixed use for pedestrians and bikers.

The Heights is the locale of Houston's White Linen Night, held annually in late July or early August.

Religion
Churches in the Houston Heights include:
 * All Saints Catholic Church (Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston)
 * Heights Christian Church
 * Baptist Temple in the Heights

The archdiocese operates St. Anne De Beaupre Church in Sunset Heights Extension No. 2, near the Houston Heights. It was the third black church in Houston and opened in 1938.

Community Information
The Houston Heights Association was organized in 1973 by residents and business owners to work together toward maintaining the quality of life and preserving the historic character of the community. The association owns several properties, one of which is Marmion Park, which is at the original location of the Cooley mansion, one of the first houses built in Houston Heights. The house was demolished in 1965. The land was purchased in 1979 by the Houston Heights Association for the purpose of constructing Marmion Park, named in honor of the last mayor of Houston Heights, J. B. Marmion.

The Houston Heights Woman's Club was founded in 1900, and constructed its own club building in 1912, which is still in use. Members were active in the suffrage movement, and later, during both World Wars volunteered the club for use by the Red Cross. Today the club volunteers in efforts to improve the Heights neighborhood, in particular mentoring children and assisting the elderly.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Houston Heights has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Notable residents

 * Dan Rather - American news anchor
 * Dean Corll - American serial killer
 * Martha Wong - Politician
 * T.C. Jester - Pastor at Baptist Temple Church resided on north side of West 20th street west of Rutland, house is painted red today
 * John Ross Palmer - American Artist

title: Houston Heights


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Hi, i'm from brisbane australia and my interests are varying and wide.

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Kanshu Sunadomari

Kanshū Sunadomari (Kanji: 砂泊 諴秀 Hiragana: すなどまり かんしゅう 1923 – November 13, 2010 ) was a Japanese aikido teacher who was an uchideshi to the founder of aikido, Morihei Ueshiba. He founded the aikido style Manseikan Aikido.

Biography
Sunadomari was born on the island of Kikaijima in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan and in his teens became an uchideshi of Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of aikido. His live-in apprenticeship under the founder took place during World War II, and he also spent a brief period at the Aikikai Hombu Dojo after the war. On October 23, 1953 he gave the first public demonstration of aikido in Kyūshū. The following January he opened up the Manseikan dojo (万生館) on the premises of the Tettori Shrine (手取神社) in the heart of Kumamoto City. His aikido spread throughout Kyūshū to cities such as Fukuoka, Kagoshima, Nagasaki, and Miyazaki. During this time, the number of practitioners rose to over 20,000 with over 3,000 people reaching the level of black belt.

In 1961, at the age of 38, Sunadomari received the rank of 9th [dan]. Sunadomari dedicated himself to the teaching of aikido in Kyūshū while based in Kumamoto.

Sunadomari comes from a family of devout believers in Ōmoto, the religion on which Ueshiba based the spiritual underpinnings of aikido, and the Sunadomari family maintained a close relationship with the founder until his death. Kanemoto Sunadomari (elder brother of Kanshu) studied under the founder in the early 1930s and published the first biography of the Founder in 1969 entitled Aikido Kaiso Morihei Ueshiba. A newer version of this book was later published under the title Bu no Shinjin. Fukiko (Mitsue) Sunadomari (elder sister of Kanshu) was a close personal confidante of the founder until his death and was also a high ranking practitioner of aikido.

After Ueshiba's death in 1969, Sunadomari founded his own independent style in Kumamoto City and began his further study of the spirit of aikido. In 1999, he renamed his style Aiki Manseido (合氣万生道) symbolizing his conviction to help spread world peace by transmitting the spirit of the founder across the world through physical technique. The "do" in Manseido is the same as in Aikido, referring to "the way", rather than the "kan" in Manseikan that can be translated as mansion or castle. Manseido translates as "the way of giving life to all things" or "the way for all people." On January 11, 2008, Sunadomari chose to return to using the name Manseikan Aikido (万生館合氣道) to pay homage to the Founder and to re-emphasize his organization's dedication to the study and manifestation of the Founder's philosophy.

Practitioners of his style recite the Spirit of Aikido (合氣道の精神) before beginning each practice : "Aiki is Love... it is through the spirit of protective love for all things that we perfect our life's mission... ".  Practice in Manseikan Aikido consists of a set of flowing warm-up exercises (準備運動), a number of paired movements that train both body movement (taisabaki, 体裁き) and breath-power(呼吸力), practice of basic technique (kihon waza, 基本技), as well as paired warm-down exercises (sei no undo, 背の運動). Training is further supplemented with practice using the wooden sword (bokken,木剣)　and staff (jō ,杖). Sunadomari is known for his emphasis on kokyu ryoku (breath power; 呼吸力) and his extremely soft and powerful technique. He is widely acclaimed for his dynamic performance in the First Friendship Demonstration which was held in Tokyo in 1985 and became one of the most famous modern aikido demonstrations captured on film. He has written several books, most of which have never been translated from their original Japanese. In 2004, his book Enlightenment through Aikido (Aikido de Satoru, 合気道で悟る) became the first to be released in English translation.

Translated works

 * Enlightenment Through Aikido (2004) - ISBN 1-55643-487-1, translation by Dennis Clark based on the 2002 book Aikido de Satoru

title: Kanshu Sunadomari


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The Mystery of the Fire Dragon

The Mystery of the Fire Dragon is the thirty-eighth volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series. It was written under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene, and was first published in 1961.

Plot summary
Nancy Drew is called to New York City by her Aunt Eloise to solve a missing-person case. The granddaughter of her elderly Chinese author neighbor, Mr. Soong, has been kidnapped. The search is on, first by disguising Nancy's friend George Fayne as the missing Chi Che, and then pursuing a lead at Chi Che's place of employment, a book store, where Nancy encounters its suspicious owner, Mr Stromberg.

Nancy decides to visit the store again but as she goes along the sidewalk, Nancy is knocked-out by a falling vase which hits her on the head. While Nancy is unconscious, Bess and George take up the mystery and a red-haired man is quickly arrested.

A series of clues leads the girls to Hong Kong, where Nancy's boyfriend, Ned Nickerson, joins the action. Nancy foolishly follows "Chi Che" on board a plane, and is herself kidnapped. Her captors tie her up and leave her on a couch. Ingenious Nancy uses her lipstick to signal for help on the plane windows. After her rescue, she follows more clues to an international smuggling ring, and, utilizing a disguised George once again, forces the thieves out of hiding and has the chance to finally locate the missing girl.

Production
This is the highest number volume in the series to be issued with a dust jacket. The publishers commissioned new artwork for volume 12, The Message in the Hollow Oak, although the book text had not been updated and revised, and The Mystery at Lilac Inn, which had been revised with a totally different story, now twenty chapters in length, and with a copyright of 1961. Subsequent volumes that were either updated or issued as new books integrated the artwork directly into the covers.

title: The Mystery of the Fire Dragon


text: User talk:71.114.25.165

title: User talk:71.114.25.165


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Mermaid's Avenue

"Mermaid's Avenue" is a song written by American folk singer Woody Guthrie. In 1943, Guthrie moved his family to 3520 Mermaid Avenue, Coney Island, New York. The song is named after this street. There, Guthrie was an active participant in the thriving cultural and political scene of Brooklyn's Jewish community. The song's title later served as the project title for the Wilco and Billy Bragg album Mermaid Avenue; a cover version by the New York-based klezmer band The Klezmatics is included on their 2006 album Wonder Wheel.

The lyrics describe Guthrie's vision of America in microcosm. All sorts of unlikely comings and goings transpire, with meetings between unlikely characters. The scene, although fervent, is not always pretty, leading him to wonder in the song's refrain, "Why they call it Mermaid Avenue, that’s more than I can see."

title: Mermaid's Avenue


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Telemundo Deportes

Telemundo Deportes is the programming division of NBC Sports Group, owned by NBCUniversal, that is responsible for the production of sports events and magazine programs that air on NBCUniversal's Spanish language television networks Telemundo and Universo and the streaming service Peacock. Originating as the former's sports division Deportes Telemundo from 1999 to 2015, it broadcasts an array of sports events, including the soccer matches from various international soccer leagues and the Olympic Games, among others.

Origins as Deportes Telemundo
The division was originally formed in 1987 as Deportes Telemundo, which at first exclusively served as the sports division of Telemundo, with the acquisition of rights to soccer matches to select teams from the Mexican Primera División (now Liga MX). Following NBC's $2.7 billion purchase of Telemundo Communications Group on October 11, 2001, Deportes Telemundo began to gradually be integrated into NBC Sports, although it would maintain sports programming rights separate from the main NBC broadcast network and its sister cable channels. Under NBC (which ironically lost the rights to the league that year to ABC), on August 20, 2002, Telemundo signed a three-year agreement with the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Spanish language broadcast rights to 15 NBA and up to ten WNBA regular season games; Telemundo and the NBA did not renew the deal upon its expiration following the 2004–05 season.

On August 12, 2009, the division's production responsibilities were extended to sister cable network mun2 (now NBC Universo), when it carried an English language broadcast of a World Cup qualifier between the United States and Mexico national teams, which was broadcast as part of a one-day free preview available to most cable and satellite providers though was presented by NBC Sports; and furthermore in January 2010, when mun2 began airing Liga MX games under the brand Fútbol Mexicano (most of which aired as English language simulcasts of Telemundo's Fútbol Estelar soccer telecasts).

On October 28, 2012, NBC Sports also announced a three-year, $250 million deal to televise Premier League matches, giving Telemundo and mun2 the Spanish language rights (with the latter simulcasting games broadcast in English on NBCSN) beginning with the 2013–14 season, replacing ESPN and Fox Soccer as the league's U.S. broadcasters; prior to the arrangement, NBC had proposed Telemundo for use as a Spanish-language simulcast partner for select sporting events for years after the 2001 purchase.

On July 23, 2013, NBC re-acquired rights to NASCAR beginning in the 2015 season, and announced that it would include the option to air Spanish-language broadcasts on Telemundo and mun2. As a prelude to the contract, mun2 carried the 2014 Toyota 120—the season opener of Mexico's NASCAR Toyota Series at Phoenix Raceway—on February 28, 2014.

On October 22, 2011, Deportes Telemundo acquired the Spanish language rights to broadcast FIFA tournaments beginning 2015 for around $600 million, replacing Univision as the Spanish language broadcaster of events such as the FIFA World Cup for the first time since 1970 (Fox acquired the English language U.S. broadcast rights through a separate agreement). The deal was extended on February 12, 2015, to include rights to the 2018, 2022 and the 2026 FIFA World Cup.

Through NBC's rights agreement with the National Football League (NFL), mun2 carried a Spanish simulcast of a Thanksgiving matchup between the Seattle Seahawks and San Francisco 49ers on November 27, 2014; on February 1, 2015, the rebranded NBC Universo served as the Spanish-language broadcaster of Super Bowl XLIX (which NBC held rights to broadcast that year). On January 13, 2015, NBCUniversal promoted Deportes Telemundo senior vice president of sports Eli Velázquez to the newly created position of Executive Vice President, Sports within the company's Hispanic Enterprises and Content unit, following the departure of the sports division's executive vice president Jorge Hidalgo (whose position was eliminated as part of restructuring of the division).

Reorganization with NBC Sports
On May 16, 2015, during Telemundo's 2015–16 upfront presentation in New York City, it was announced that Deportes Telemundo would be replaced by a new division initially known as NBC Deportes; the new division was formed as a branch of the English-language NBC Sports division, and be responsible for sports content for Telemundo, NBC Universo and related digital platforms. While it retained all existing sports telecast rights and programs aired by both Telemundo and NBC Universo, the latter network also began to expand its sports coverage, primarily in preparation for the 2016 Summer Olympics and the start of the division's contract with FIFA—whose first events included the 2015 U-20 World Cup and Women's World Cup.

It was announced in August 2015 that the division would migrate its operations from Telemundo's headquarters in Hialeah, Florida, to NBC Sports Group's facility in Stamford, Connecticut, in a phased process that was expected to be completed by the second quarter of 2016. Around 70 employees, including production staff and on-air talent, were given a month to decide if they want to remain with NBC Deportes and relocate to Stamford, providing relocation packages to employees who opt to move and severance packages to employees who chose not to move and are unable to find other jobs within NBCUniversal Hispanic Enterprises and Content; most positions within NBC Deportes that were based in the Hialeah offices – with the exception of NBCDeportes.com digital staff, some tech operators employed with the sports unit and production and on-air staff for the late-night magazine program Titulares y Más, which will remain at the Telemundo headquarters – were eliminated in the move, necessitating the employee offers. Around 30 additional staffing positions were expected to be added alongside the existing employees upon the move to Stamford, while the division will invest heavily in the division's infrastructure and sets for its news and analysis programs.

The announced move to Stamford, Connecticut was cancelled in November 2015. The division would change its name from NBC Deportes to Telemundo Deportes in 2016.

Telemundo Deportes moved into Telemundo Center in Miami when it opened in April 2018.

Programs throughout the years
Telemundo Deportes holds the sports broadcast rights to several sporting events (with much of its programming available through agreements with soccer leagues and organizations) for broadcast on Telemundo and Universo, and also produces sports news, magazine and analysis programs that mostly air on Telemundo. Telemundo used to produce Rumbo al Mundial with the Conmebol Qualifying Soccer games for the World Cup, this was huge with Spanish speaking audiences but was not repeated for the 2020 World Cup Qualifier in Qatar.

It also produces several specials in conjunction with organizations to which NBC Sports maintains programming agreement such as the National Football League (NFL).

Current broadcast rights
Events which are held by NBC Sports for their English language channels are designated in Italics.

 * American football:
 * NBC Sunday Night Football: (2014–present)
 * Super Bowls: All years where NBC holds rights since 2014 (XLIX, LII, LVI)
 * Soccer:
 * Premier League (2013–present)
 * Fútbol Estelar: Liga MX and Liga MX Femenil; used in years where Telemundo has broadcast rights to home matches of specific Liga MX and Liga MX Femenil teams (2020–present for Chivas Guadalajara home matches and selected Chivas Femenil home matches)
 * FIFA U-17 World Cup (2015, 2017, 2019, and 2023)
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 * FIFA World Cup - CONCACAF qualifiers (2018 and 2022; except U.S. and Mexico home matches)
 * FIFA World Cup - CONMEBOL qualifiers (2026; only Brazil and Argentina home matches)
 * SheBelieves Cup
 * U.S. men's national soccer team (2023–present; except for select CONCACAF Nations League and all Mexico home matches)
 * U.S. women's national soccer team (2023–present; except for select CONCACAF Nations League and all Mexico home matches)
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 * Juegos Olimpicos por Telemundo
 * Summer Olympic Games (2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024, 2028, 2032)

 * Other programming:
 * Boxeo Telemundo (1987–present)
 * Ritmo Deportivo (2002–present)
 * Rumbo Al Mundial (1987–present)
 * Titulares Telemundo (1999–present)
 * Titulares Y Mas (2008–present)

Former programs

 * American football:
 * Thursday Night Football: (2016–2017)
 * Soccer:
 * FIFA Club World Cup (2014–2018)
 * Copa América (2019)
 * Copa Libertadores (2018 Final 2nd Leg ONLY via sublicense from Fox Deportes)

 * Basketball:
 * NBA en Telemundo (2003–2005)
 * WNBA en Telemundo (2003–2005)

Play-by-play

 * 🇦🇷 Andrés Cantor (lead)
 * 🇵🇪 🇷🇺 Sammy Sadovnik
 * 🇦🇷 🇭🇳 Copán Álvarez
 * 🇦🇷 Diego Pessolano
 * 🇨🇺 Alejandro López
 * 🇲🇽 Jorge D. Calvo
 * 🇲🇽 Carlos Yustis
 * 🇵🇷 Edgar Lopez
 * 🇵🇷 Omar Amador
 * 🇻🇪 Carlos Mauricio Ramírez
 * 🇻🇪 Luis Gerardo Bucci

 * 🇲🇽 Daniella López Guajardo (on loan from Fox Deportes)

Color commentators/Analysts

 * 🇲🇽 Carlos Contreras
 * 🇲🇽 Manuel Sol
 * 🇦🇷 Eduardo Biscayart
 * 🇲🇽 Tony Núñez
 * 🇨🇱 Nicolás Massú
 * 🇵🇪 Jorge Koechlin von Stein
 * 🇻🇪 Frederik Oldenburg
 * 🇻🇪 Walter Reinaldo Roque
 * 🇲🇽 Rolando Cantú
 * 🇨🇺 René Giraldo
 * 🇵🇪 Jorge Andres
 * 🇻🇪 Deyna Castellanos
 * 🇲🇽 Janelly Farías
 * 🇲🇽 María Sánchez
 * 🇪🇸 Natalia Astrain
 * 🇨🇷 Amelia Valverde
 * 🇨🇴 Isabella Echeverri
 * 🇨🇴 Diana Rincón (on loan from ESPN South America)

Reporters

 * 🇲🇽🇯🇵 Kaziro Aoyama
 * 🇲🇽 Arantza Fernández
 * 🇲🇽 Rodrigo Camacho
 * Pablo Aguabella

Studio hosts

 * 🇲🇽 Miguel Gurwitz
 * 🇲🇽 Verónica Rodríguez
 * 🇪🇸 Carlota Vizmanos
 * 🇻🇪 Ariana Figuera

Play-by-play

 * 🇩🇴 Félix de Jesús
 * 🇻🇪 Erasmo Provenza

Color commentators/analysts

 * 🇦🇷 Norberto Longo
 * 🇦🇷 Viviana Vila
 * 🇲🇽 Carlos Hermosillo

Studio hosts

 * 🇲🇽 Karim Mendiburu
 * 🇭🇳 Ana Jurka
 * 🇦🇷 Rosina Grosso
 * 🇲🇽 Leti Coo

title: Telemundo Deportes


text:
Dan Rutherford

Dan Rutherford (born May 26, 1955) is an American politician who served as the 73rd Treasurer of Illinois from 2011 to 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the Illinois State Senator from the 53rd district from 2003 to 2011 and a member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1993 to 2003.

Early life and education
Rutherford was born in Pontiac, Illinois. During elementary and high school Rutherford worked at his parents' pizza restaurant. and attended Pontiac Township High School. Following high school, Rutherford attended Illinois State University. While at Illinois State University, Rutherford was elected Student Body President.

Business career
While on a business trip to Japan in 1984, Rutherford became familiar with the ServiceMaster Company. One year later, he joined the Downers Grove, Illinois-headquartered company as an executive. Rutherford eventually became responsible for expansion of the company's businesses internationally, licensing services in Chile, Brazil, Honduras, Japan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Guam, Venezuela, South Africa, Spain, and a host of other countries. ServiceMaster is a family of service companies that operated with trade names such as ServiceMaster clean, Terminix, Tru-Green Chem Lawn, Merry Maids, American Home Shield, and Rescue Rooter during this period.

Early political career
In 1978, Rutherford served as a legislative aide to then-State Representative Thomas W. Ewing. During the 1980 Republican Party presidential primaries, Rutherford coordinated a congressional district for the campaign of Ronald Reagan. He eventually became the statewide executive director in Illinois. After a brief stint working for Governor James R. Thompson, Rutherford managed the 1982 campaign of Ty Fahner, whom Thompson had appointed to the position of Illinois Attorney General. After Fahner's loss, Rutherford returned to Thompson's administration, this time as the manager for the International Business Division of the Illinois Department of Commerce and Community Affairs.

In 1991, Robert Mosbacher, the U.S. Secretary of Commerce, appointed Rutherford to the International Service Advisory Committee. The committee was tasked with reviewing various American trade deals and the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs.

Illinois General Assembly
Rutherford defeated incumbent Les Conkling in the 1992 Republican primary. In an unusually competitive general election for the otherwise staunchly Republican area of the state, Democratic candidate and basketball coach Chuck Rolinski came within two percentage points of defeating Rutherford. Rutherford eventually became Assistant Republican Leader.

In the 2002 Republican primary, Rutherford defeated Brian Heller, a member of the Tazewell County Board, for the Republican nomination for the newly drawn 53rd district. In the Senate, Rutherford served as the ranking Republican for the Financial Institutions Committee and was a member of the Environment & Energy Committee. Senator Rutherford also served on the bi-partisan Joint Committee on Administrative Rules.

As a lawmaker, Rutherford sponsored and directed legislation which changed the formula for reimbursing nursing homes for care of the elderly. The new system bases rates on the medical needs of the resident, rather than just their geographic location in the state.

Political campaigns
During the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries, Rutherford served as the Illinois state chairman for the presidential campaign of Mitt Romney. Rutherford was also on Romney's delegate slate for Illinois's 15th congressional district.

2006 Illinois Secretary of State campaign
On September 12, 2005, Rutherford officially announced his campaign for the office of Illinois Secretary of State. Rutherford faced incumbent Democratic Illinois Secretary of State Jesse White, of Jesse White Tumbling Team fame, and Green Party candidate Karen Young Peterson, in the November, 2006 election, but lost to Jesse White.

2010 Illinois Treasurer campaign
Rutherford won the open seat of Illinois Treasurer. Also running were Democratic nominee Robin Kelly, Green Party Party nominee Scott K. Summers and Libertarian nominee James Pauly.

2014 Governor
On June 2, 2013, Rutherford officially announced his candidacy for Governor of Illinois. His running mate was attorney Steve Kim.

Rutherford lost in the 4-way Republican primary to businessman Bruce Rauner, taking 7.55% of the vote.

2014 scandal
In February 2014, a former employee of Rutherford, Edmund Michalowski, filed a federal complaint alleging that Rutherford had sexually harassed him and had pressured him to do political work on state time. The complaint was filed just a few weeks before Rutherford was scheduled to face off against the other contenders in the Republican gubernatorial primary. Rutherford denied all allegations and charged that they were the work of his political opponent, Bruce Rauner. Rutherford vowed that he would continue on in the race A judge dismissed some of Michalowski's claims, such as Michalowski being forced to do political work on state time and Michalowski re-filed in April 2016, alleging harassment by Rutherford and four others. In November 2017, attorneys for Rutherford and Michalowski agreed that the lawsuit be "dismissed without prejudice", meaning that it could be re-filed.

Personal
Rutherford has never been married. He has crewed in many Chicago-to-Mackinac Island races and is an Advanced Certified Diver. Rutherford has traveled to all seven continents.

Electoral history

 * 2010 election for Treasurer of Illinois
 * Dan Rutherford (R), 49.9%
 * Robin Kelly (D), 45.1%
 * Scott Summers (G), 3.2%
 * James Pauly (L), 1.9%
 * 2006 election for Secretary of State of Illinois
 * Jesse White (D) (inc.), 62%
 * Dan Rutherford (R), 34%

title: Dan Rutherford


text:
History of Bulgaria (1990–present)

The history of Bulgaria from 1990 to the present is the period of Bulgarian history that begins after the fall of Communism and the transition to a market economy.

End of the Communist rule
The reforms towards liberalization, both social, political and economic in the Eastern Bloc started with Mikhail Gorbachev's reform program in the Soviet Union which was felt in Bulgaria in the late 1980s. In fact, the release of tightening started with the end of the Stalinist era and continued slowly to the point that many previously forbidden literary texts were translated, the same was relevant for Hollywood movies, etc., stores appeared with Western products that had elements of advertisement (advertisement of products was generally unknown and not used in the Eastern Bloc since everything was accessible and the same to all), these new features of the late communist years acknowledged the gradual breaking of the Iron Curtain for the Comecon people. This, together with the policies of Gorbachev, led to more freedom and expectations for democracy among people.

In November 1989, demonstrations on ecological issues were staged in Sofia, and these soon broadened into a general campaign for political reform. That communists generally did not break the demonstrations was a sign of a possible change that would come. In fact, communist politicians reacted by eventually voting for the removal of Todor Zhivkov as a communist party and country head and replacing him with Petar Mladenov, but this gained them only a short respite in power. In February 1990 the Communist Party, forced by street protests gave up its claim on power and in June 1990 the first free elections since 1931 were held, won by the Bulgarian Socialist Party (the new name of the Communist Party). In July 1991 a new constitution was adopted, which regulates a representative elected president and a prime minister and cabinet.

Transition
Like the other post-socialist regimes in eastern Europe, Bulgaria found the transition to capitalism rather painful and not easy as expected. The anti-Communist Union of Democratic Forces (in Bulgarian: СДС, SDS) took office between 1991 and 1992 to carry through the privatization of agricultural land, properties and industry issuing shares in government enterprises to all citizens, but these were accompanied by massive unemployment as industries were no longer tightened to the broken Comecon and failed in competition of the global market without the participation of Bulgaria to new regional or world trade organizations, at the same time Bulgaria's industry showed to be backward which was amendable but in the hurry of political changes neither government, nor people were ready for industrial modernization. In fact the disbandment of former State security that was tightened to the Communist party (Bulgarian: ДС, DS) although brought relief to many Bulgarian people previously feared to speak or express other than communist views, at the same time boosted criminality never seen before in Bulgaria. The police were not ready to care about and chase the criminality which was before kept low with the fearful methods of DS. This led to mass stealing of capital, machinery, materials and even furniture from the industry and also institutions. Referring to industry this led to soon failing to work of many factories, etcetera

Zhan Videnov (1995–1997)

 * For more information on the cabinet, see Videnov Government.

The Socialists (former Communists) presented their political visions as the defenders of the poor against the excesses of the free market. Reaction against economic reforms appeared because reforms left many unemployed (unemployment was almost not existing before in Bulgaria) and many towns literally was left to drop economically just in months, this allowed Zhan Videnov of the Bulgarian Socialist Party to win the 1994 parliamentary elections. Videnov was very young when he stepped in the PM post and his inability to show political strength and his incompetence was soon acknowledged by people surrounding him who took advantage of it for own purposes and personal enrichment. This incompetence and the misguided policies of the Socialist government in all exacerbated the economic conditions. The government was clearly unsupported by Western countries and thus Bulgarian foreign policy seriously suffered, and in 1996 the economy fell into hyperinflation and many banks went bankrupt. In the presidential elections of that year the SDS's Petar Stoyanov was elected. In 1997 the BSP government collapsed after a month of nationwide protests and government was appointed by the President Stoyanov which coped to calm the economic situation. Later the democratic party of SDS came to power.

Ivan Kostov (1997–2001)

The new Democratic government headed by Ivan Kostov enjoyed strong support and moved the Bulgarian economy ahead, but allegations of corruption and inability to cope with some of the serious problems in the country caused frustration. The electorate became to some extent dissatisfied with both parties – BSP and SDS. At that point Stoyanov, who still held some good positions and had public approval, took part in presidential elections seeking a second mandate, but he scandalously failed with a blunder on TV and lost support, and the elections too. The newly elected president, former BSP leader Georgi Parvanov, was not very well known to the public although he was in politics since the early 1990s, and was well received for his wise political behavior. Although a BSP candidate, he was rather perceived as an independent figure and he also always stated to be president to all Bulgarians without any political reference. At that point with the already dissatisfaction with both BSP and SDS, people were looking for new alternatives and new politicians.

The return of Simeon II (2001–2005)

 * For more information on the cabinet, see Sakskoburggotski Government.

In 2001, Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Bulgarian: Симеон Сакскобурготски, Simeon Sakskoburgotski), son of Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria, who had fled from socialist Bulgaria as a nine-year-old boy in 1946, became Prime Minister of Bulgaria. Several years prior to that, in 1996, he had visited Bulgaria with his family of two princes and a princess and it was then when he announced he would soon come back to his homeland to form a new political party. Several years later, Sakskoburggotski formed the National Movement Simeon II (NDSV) and swept away both major parties in the elections of June 2001 with a landslide victory. As Prime Minister, he followed a strong and strictly pro-western course, as a result of which Bulgaria joined NATO in 2004 and the European Union in 2007. Economic and political conditions visibly improved, although economic growth was not as high as expected and unemployment and emigration remained high. Problematic areas remained corruption, health care, organized crime (though scaled down), and higher education, which all need to be massively reformed.

The Triple Coalition (2005–2009)

 * Form more information on the cabinet, see Stanishev Government.

At the next parliamentary elections NDSV didn't reach enough votes to form a government, in fact BSP gained the largest share of the votes, followed by NDSV. And because none of the parties had enough seats in Parliament to establish a government on its own after more than a month of negotiations initiated by President Parvanov for the forming of coalition government that was needed for the EU joining, a coalition was formed between BSP, NDSV and MRF (Movement for Rights and Freedoms). Although divided by deep ideological and political differences, the three parties were united by a major goal: accomplishing the reforms necessary for joining the European Union in 2007. But ineffective administration and high-level corruption remained serious problems that was limiting the entrance of foreign businesses and entrepreneurs in the country. Additionally, Sergei Stanishev's government was caught in his last months by the world financial crisis but denied its existence and refused to initiate steps for protecting Bulgarian economy from it for which he received wide disapproval.

First cabinet of Boyko Borisov (2009–2013)

 * For more information on the cabinet, see First Borisov Government.

In the parliamentary elections in 2009 the center-right party Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria (GERB) won, taking 117 seats in the 240-seats Parliament. The Socialists were a distant second, with 40 seats. NDSV couldn't take enough votes to enter Parliament. The new government of Boyko Borisov stated some serious intentions for educational changes for liberation of the system and ability of students to easily choose universities and most important placed the accent on fiscal discipline. In particular, the Ministry of Finance reduced the budget deficit following a policy of administrative reform and privatization. Subsidies to state-owned enterprises in the transport and energy sectors were cut. Deputy Prime Minister Simeon Djankov led a reform team that included the Minister of Infrastructure Rosen Plevneliev, the Minister of Economy Traycho Traykov and the Minister of Environment Nona Karadjova. The government fell on 20 February 2013 after multiple street protests, over strictly imposed austerity measures and sustained fiscal stability encouraged by the European Union and the International Monetary Fund during the recession, but also delayed government payments to private companies, and also wiretapping scandals involving the Minister of the Interior Tsvetan Tsvetanov.

Plamen Oresharski (2013–2016)
The government of Plamen Oresharski was not well accepted, leading to yearlong protests, ultimately resulting in its downfall in 2016.

.

Second cabinet of Boyko Borisov (2017-2021)
In March 2017, Boyko Borisov was re-elected as Prime Minister of Bulgaria for the second time. Borisov had resigned and called early elections after his conservative GERB party lost the presidential elections the previous year. He formed a coalition government with nationalist VMRO-BND and National Front for Salvation of Bulgaria. The Socialist Party and the Turkish DPS party formed the opposition.

In April 2021, Borisov's party won the parliamentary election. It was again the largest party of the parliament, but it did not get the absolute majority, indicating difficult coalition talks. Bulgarian President Rumen Radev, a vocal critic and rival of prime minister Borisov, announced that he will run for a second five-year term of office in presidential elections in autumn 2021.

Borisov's last cabinet saw a dramatic decrease in freedom of the press, and a number of corruption revelations that triggered yet another wave of mass protests in 2020. GERB came out first in the regular April 2021 election, but with its weakest result so far.

Stefan Yanev as Interim Prime Minister (2021)
All other parties refused to form a government, and after a brief deadlock, another elections were called for July 2021, with Stefan Yanev serving as an interim Prime Minister of a caretaker cabinet until then.

In July 2021 snap election, anti-elite party called There Is Such a People (ITN) finished first with 24.08 percent and former Prime Minister Boyko Borisov's GERB-led coalition was the second with 23.51 percent of the vote.

In November 2021, President Rumen Radev was easily re-elected in the presidential election with a very low turnout of 34 per cent.

The Quadruple coalition (2021–2022)
The next snap election was in November of the same year. Kiril Petkov's PP party emerged as surprise victors over the conservative GERB party, which had dominated Bulgarian politics in the last nine years. In December 2021, Bulgaria's parliament formally elected Kiril Petkov as the country's next prime minister, ending a months-long political crisis. The new centrist-led government – a coalition led by Petkov's anti-corruption We Continue the Change party (PP) and three other political groups – the left-wing Bulgarian Socialist Party, the anti-elite There Is Such A People party, and the liberal group Democratic Bulgaria. They together controlled 134 seats in Bulgaria's 240-seat parliament. The government received a vote of no confidence of 23 June 2022 and submitted its resignation. President Radev appointed Galab Donev as acting prime minister to lead a caretaker cabinet. Bulgaria's fourth parliamentary elections in less than two years were held on 2 October 2022. However, the results of the October 2022 elections did not enable formation of new government.

The rotation government/The (No)coalition (2023-)
In April 2023, because of the political deadlock, Bulgaria held its fifth parliamentary election since April 2023. GERB was the biggest, winning 69 seats. The bloc led by We Continue the Change won 64 seats in the 240-seat parliament. In June 2023, Prime Minister Nikolai Denkov formed a new coalition between We Continue the Change and GERB. According to the coalition agreement, Denkov will lead the government for the first nine months. He will be succeeded by former European Commissioner, Mariya Gabriel, of the GERB party. She will take over as Prime Minister after nine months.

title: History of Bulgaria (1990–present)


text:
Temeke District, Dar es Salaam

Temeke District, officially the Temeke Municipal Council (Halimashauri ya Manispaa ya Temeke, in Swahili) is one of five districts of the Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. Temeke is bordered to the south by the Mkuranga District of the Pwani Region, to the north by the Indian Ocean, and to the northwest by the Ilala District. Temeke's eastern boundary is shared by Kigamboni District. The district covers an area of 150.4 km2. The district is comparable in size to the land area of Cook Islands. The administrative seat is Miburani. The district is home to the University of Dar es Salaam's School of Education, the National Stadium, the largest stadium in the country, Port of Dar es Salaam the largest port in the country, and The Chamazi Stadium the largest privately owned stadium. The 2012 National Tanzania Census states the population of the district as 1,205,949.

Administration
The Temeke Municipal Council is organized into 23 wards and two divisions on an administrative level. The wards are:

 * Azimio
 * Buza
 * Chamazi
 * Chang'ombe
 * Charambe
 * Keko
 * Kiburugwa
 * Kijichi
 * Kilakala
 * Kurasini
 * Makangarawe

 * Mbagala
 * Mbagala Kuu
 * Mianzini
 * Miburani
 * Mtoni
 * Sandali
 * Tandika
 * Temeke
 * Toangoma
 * Yombo Vituka

History
One of the five municipalities in the City of Dar es Salaam, Temeke Municipal Council was founded on November 10, 1999, in accordance with Sections 8 and 9 of the Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, 1982 No. 8.

Geography
Temeke Municipal has a total area of 240 square kilometers, including 5 kilometers of coastline. Due to its location in Tanzania's tropical coastline region, Temeke Municipal Council is impacted by two key climatic factors: temperature and rainfall. Bimodal conventional rains accompany the bimodal type of rainfall pattern. Between December and February, the Municipality experiences nearly constant monsoon rainfall. While there were prolonged periods of severe rain from March to June. Every year, there is between 800 and 1200 mm of rainfall. Like rainfall, temperature is likewise impacted by the ocean. The entire year is marked by high temperatures, which range from 35 °C in January to March to 25 °C from June to August.

Topography
Temeke Municipal's soil is frequently clayey and partially sandy, making it relatively unproductive for agricultural usage. Alluvial soils—primarily Eutric Fluvisols and Eutric Gleysols—predominate in the river valleys, which are recent floodplains and are prone to floods. Urban soil erosion is mostly caused by the slopes of river valleys, where there is no vegetation to hold the soil in place, and is exacerbated by human activity like the extraction of building materials.

Neogene clay-bound sands to hard sandstones make up Temeke Municipal's outcropping rocks and underlying (semi-)consolidated formations. In the central and southern regions of Municipal, terrace sands and sandstones of the Quaternary System are more prevalent.

Water and Sanitation
The Municipality's primary water sources come from both surface sources such as the Mtoni plant and lower Ruvu (through DAWASCO pipes) and ground water sources. The current population (2018) is predicted to be 1,574,167, according to the 2002 National Population and Housing Census. The anticipated daily total water demand is 125,933m3, or 80 liters per person. Only 85.634 cubic meters per day, or 68.1% of the total needed amount, are produced at the moment as part of the water supply.

There are 232 deep boreholes owned by Temeke Municipal Council. 116 of the 232 boreholes—69 for primary schools, 23 for health centers, and 24 for secondary schools—are owned by the government. Out of 368,416 total residences, 9,516 are connected to the DAWASCO network in 13 of the 24 wards. Bore holes and shallow wells are dispersed across the Municipality in various locations. The Mtoni water treatment plant and drill holes jointly produce roughly 6.5 million gallons each day in the metropolitan regions. Boreholes in rural regions and streams in certain places yield a total of roughly 0.7 million gallons daily.

The Temeke Municipal Council is predicted to produce 1494 tons of garbage each day on average. The capacity of municipal vehicles working with private companies to collect rubbish is 964.6 tons per day, or 65% of the waste produced daily from locations within Temeke Municipal Council. The total amount of waste produced that is not collected and delivered to the disposal site is therefore 529.4 tons per day, or 35% of the total amount of waste produced each day (including recyclable wastes). Only five (5) of Temeke Municipal Council's 23 wards—Chang'ombe, Mtoni, Kurasini, Tandika, and Temeke—have private contractors that collect and transport rubbish to the landfill in Pugu Kinyamwezi on a regular basis.

Road and rail
Temeke Municipal Council maintains a network of roads totaling 628 km, of which 98.41 km are asphalt roads, 140.48 km are gravel roads, and 389.11 km are earth roads. Within the overall network of 628 km, 59 km (all paved) are under the control of TANROAD, while 575.7 km (paved-59 km, gravel-136.5 km, and earthroad-379.7 km) are under the supervision of TARURA-TEMEKE.

Temeke Municipal is located along the Central Railway Line and TAZARA Railway Line, which operate from Dar es Salaam Port and serve the nation as well as the seven (7) bordering nations of Kenya, Uganda, Malawi, Zambia, Rwanda, and Burundi. As final destinations for the railways, Kigoma, Mbeya, and Mwanza—both of which border the neighboring nations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Zambia, Malawi, and Kenya—could also be useful for the transportation of bulk goods.

Energy
Petroleum, hydropower, and 1% of Municipal households utilize kerosene as a lighting source for homes and small businesses are the Municipal's main sources of commercial energy. Given that the Municipal relies on the National Grid for its energy source, power outages are somewhat frequent as a result of low water levels in the hydroelectric dams. The electricity is available in all 23 of the Municipal's wards. The government, a small number of private businesses, and certain religious institutions all use solar energy.

Banking
Except for a small number of them, the Municipal has a sizable number of local banks functioning in Tanzania. The financial institutions in Tanzania have a total of 702 branches in their overall branch network, per the most recent BOT banking report.

Agriculture
In Temeke Municipal, paddy, cassava, sweet potatoes, maize, pigeon peas, cowpeas, vegetables, and fruits are the primary food crops grown. At Rufu in the Chamazi ward, the irrigation plan for the Major Agricultural Program was created. More than 325 hectares of potential irrigation land are ideal for large-scale crop cultivation. A group of 60 small-holder farmers have developed 75 of these hectares for minor irrigation. Extension officers oversee the 200 hectares of irrigation farming practiced by small holders in Temeke Municipality.

One of the activities carried out by Temeke Municipal Council is livestock keeping. There are 6,095 households that maintain animals in total. However, the space available for cattle husbandry is shrinking as a result of human settlement increase. On a modest scale, dairy cows, goats, and chickens are raised intensively. The Municipal keeps dairy cattle using a zero grazing approach. Systems that are intense and semi-intensive are used for commercial poultry raising. In the Municipality, 742 tons of broiler meat and 928,173 trays of eggs are typically produced.

There are now 30 businesses that buy, sell, process, manufacture furniture, or deal in hides or skins. The majority of animals is transferred to Pugu at Ilala for slaughter before being sold alive. A very tiny number of animals have been killed and eaten within the Municipality.

Trade and industry
Fishing, commerce, and small-scale farming are very popular in the Temeke region. It is also regarded as a manufacturing hub because it is home to the majority of Dar es Salaam's industry. Here you can also find the Dar es Salaam International Trade Fair Grounds and Tanzania's biggest port, Dar es Salaam Port, which serves six other nearby nations. The Municipal is connected to a variety of economic infrastructures, including highways, the Tanzania Railway Cooperation (TRC), Tanzania Zambia Railway (TAZARA), and maritime transportation. Temeke Municipal is connected to Dar es Salaam's city center as well as the central areas of Morogoro, Dodoma, Singida, Tabora, Mwanza, and Kigoma by the TRC infrastructure's railway line. The nation is linked to the entire East Africa Community by Mwanza and Kigoma. Currently, Temeke Municipal has 2,353 enterprises invested. 80 of these are heavy manufacturing sectors with more than 100 employees. 62 are medium-sized businesses, whereas 2,131 are small-sized businesses.

The Municipal now employs 67 commercial millers. Private persons own each one of them in large, medium, and small scale units. Since so many commodities from southern Tanzania are transported to the city for sale, the rise in flour milling businesses will encourage farmers and businesspeople to raise the price of their goods. Only 8 fruit canning and juice concentrate manufacturing industries are located in the Municipal.

Serengeti Breweries Limited (SBL) is the sole brewery that the Municipal currently has, despite the fact that the transportation industry has plenty of investment potential and sound physical infrastructure. With its own brands accounting for 15% of the market by volume and when combined with the portfolio of EABL, Serengeti Breweries Limited-SBL, Tanzania's second-largest beer company, accounts for roughly 28% of the country's branded beer market. The business was founded in 1988 under the name Associated Breweries Limited, then in 2002 it changed its name to Serengeti Breweries Limited. The SBL's main office is located in Temeke Municipal.

Over 490 businesses in the district have invested in the processing of timber, The municipal has the largest timber processing facilities in the country. They are divided into four categories: coffin making (2), sawmilling (68), and wood carving (1). There are, nevertheless, 238 businesses that produce doors, windows, and frames. The timbers (raw materials) are acquired from locations other than Temeke and Dar es Salaam, but there is sufficient supply. In Temeke Municipal, more than 2,360m3 of timber are handled each year. The Municipal actually needs about 6,000m3 of wood every year. Over 1,000 casual workers are employed in the sector, and some businesspeople are involved in the sale of lumber in the municipal market.

Tourism and natural resources
The largest officially designated protected area is a mangrove forest in the municipal spans 380 hectars and is located in Temeke District in the Kurasini, Kijichi, and Mbagala Mtoni Ward. The Mwalimu J.K.Nyerere Trade Fair Grounds hosts the Dar es Salaam International Trade Fair (DITF), popularly known as Saba Saba Day, every year on the seventh of July. The Temeke Municipality is where the yearly big promotional event hosted by the Board of External Trade is situated along Kilwa Road. To lead Tanzania's export efforts, the Board of External Trade, a government entity, was founded by Act No. 5 of 1978.

One year after Tanzania declared its independence on December 9, 1961, the Trade Fair Grounds, also known as the Mwl. J. K. Nyerere Trade Fair Grounds, were opened for business. The National Agricultural and Trade Fair (NATF) was held at the Grounds, which at the time fell under the Ministry of Trade and Cooperative Unions. Over the years, the Dar es Salaam International Trade Fair has solidified its position as the showcase for goods from East, Central, and Southern Africa as well as Tanzania.

Population
The Zaramo and Ndengereko minority were the district's original residents, but increasing urbanization has made Temeke one of Tanzania's most ethnically diverse districts. There is a large Makonde community in Temeke. The city had a total population of 1,205,949 as of the 2012 National Population and Housing Census, of which 587,857 were men and 618,092 were women. There were also a total of 307,760 homes, with an average size of four people per household. The annual average population growth rate was 4.6%. Temeke was expected to have 368,416 households and 1,443,629 residents as of 2016. Men make up 703,718 of them, and women make up 739,912.

Education
The Municipal contains 140 pre-primary schools and 134 primary schools, of which 2 schools and 14 units provide special education for students with various disabilities. 51 of the 134 schools are owned by the private sector, and the remaining 81 are government-run pre-primary schools. There are a total of 134 schools in total. There are 15 COBET (MEMKWA) Centers, 3 vocational centers, 2 government centers, and 1 private center, nevertheless. There are 170,027 pupils enrolled in public and private pre-primary and primary schools overall.

The Municipal has 63 secondary schools in total. wherein there are 37 private secondary schools and 26 public ones. As shown in figure 8 below, there are presently 52,161 pupils enrolled in the Municipal (in both private and public schools), with 25,347 boys and 26,814 girls.

Health
There are currently 136 medical facilities in existence, of which 3 are hospitals, 16 are health centers, and 102 are dispensaries. The largest one being the Temeke Regional Referral Hospital located in Temeke ward.

Notable people

 * Marioo, socialite

title: Temeke District, Dar es Salaam


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Tim Johnson (baseball)

Timothy Evald Johnson (born July 22, 1949) is a former professional baseball player and manager. A shortstop and utility infielder in Major League Baseball from 1973 to 1979, he became better known as manager of the Toronto Blue Jays.

Playing career
After signing with the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1967 as a free agent, Johnson was traded to the Milwaukee Brewers for Rick Auerbach just as the 1973 season began while still a minor leaguer. Johnson played every day for the 1973 Brewers at shortstop, but lost his starting job next season to Robin Yount, thus forcing him to settle in as a utility infielder. He was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays during the 1978 season where he retired a year later with a lifetime .223 batting average in 516 career games.

Scouting, coaching and managerial career
After retiring as a player, Johnson spent the next 20 years as a scout, coach or minor league manager for the Dodgers, Montreal Expos, Boston Red Sox and Chicago Cubs.

1998 Toronto Blue Jays season
The Blue Jays named Johnson as their manager for the 1998 season following the firing of Cito Gaston and the interim management of pitching coach Mel Queen. Johnson beat out several higher-profile candidates, most notably Davey Johnson (no relation), Larry Bowa, and Buck Martinez.

Queen remained on as pitching coach under Johnson and the two reportedly feuded extensively, despite Johnson's reputation as a good communicator. Johnson also had rumoured differences with several of his players, including Pat Hentgen, Ed Sprague, and Cy Young Award winner Roger Clemens.

Despite this lack of chemistry, Johnson guided the 1998 Blue Jays to a respectable third-place finish in the AL East with an 88–74 record, just four games out of a tie for the wild card. It was the team's first winning season since they won two World Series in a row in 1992 and 1993.

Vietnam War stories controversy
This success was partly attributed to the stories Johnson would tell his players about his battle experiences in the Vietnam War. For example, he told Hentgen a story about his war experiences to get him to accept a different place in the pitching rotation.

However, in late November 1998, Johnson told several Toronto newspapers all of these stories were completely made up. In truth, Johnson had been in the Marine Corps Reserve throughout the war, and trained mortarmen at Camp Pendleton, California, while playing in the Dodgers' farm system. He'd also claimed for over 20 years he had been an All-American high school basketball player, and turned down a scholarship to attend UCLA.

During the 1998 baseball winter meetings, Johnson said admitting the truth was like having "a 50,000 pound weight" taken off his shoulders. He said he had lied because he felt guilty about going to spring training with the Dodgers while many of his friends fought in the war. He entered therapy, and called several of his players to apologize for lying.

Departure from the Blue Jays
The Blue Jays were initially willing to stand by Johnson and let him return for 1999. During spring training, he apologized to the entire team, and later said that he did not seem to detect a credibility problem. However, the next month brought a steady diet of questions about Johnson's credibility, as well as outside attacks (Sprague, for instance, called Johnson a "liar" and a "backstabber"). Finally, on March 17, less than a month before opening day, Blue Jays general manager Gord Ash fired Johnson and replaced him with Jim Fregosi. Ash said Johnson's presence had become so much of a distraction he felt he would have to fire Johnson "if not now ... 30 or 45 days from now." He decided he had to act in order to save the season. After Johnson's one season at the helm, the Blue Jays failed to achieve an equal or better record than Johnson's 88–74 mark until 2015. To date, it is Johnson's last job in Major League Baseball.

After MLB
Following his dismissal from the Blue Jays, Johnson spent seven seasons as manager in the Mexican League, with the Diablos Rojos del México in 1999-2002, Yaquis de Obregón in 2002-2003 and then with the Águilas de Mexicali in 2004-2005.

In 2003, Johnson became manager of the Lincoln Saltdogs of the Northern League. In 2006, the Lincoln team joined the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball. On September 25, 2008, Johnson resigned after six years. His career record as the Saltdogs' manager was 315–255.

On December 16, 2008, Johnson was announced as the inaugural manager of the Golden Baseball League incarnation of the Tucson Toros.

On November 12, 2010, Johnson was announced as the second manager of the Lake County Fielders of the North American League.

On July 9, 2011, Johnson resigned from his Lake County Fielders Managerial Position

Johnson later became field manager with the El Paso Diablos in 2012, but the team folded in 2013.

Johnson coached in the Arizona Winter League as of 2017 and spent time in the California Winter League from 2010–2014 as an instructor and coach. He also coached the Algodoneros de San Luis of the Liga Norte de Mexico later in 2017, before he was promoted to manager of the Pericos de Puebla of the Mexican League on June 4, 2017. Taking over about halfway through the season, Johnson led the Pericos to their second straight championship appearance.

Johnson was named manager of the Tigres de Quintana Roo of the Mexican League for the 2018 season.

Johnson was announced as manager for the Piratas de Campeche of the Mexican League for the 2019 season. However, he was fired 33 games into the season on May 13 after a 10-23 start to the season.

He was hired by the Bravos de León of the Mexican League for the 2020 season. The team posted a 29-37 record and did not make the playoffs. Johnson was dismissed by the team following the season.

title: Tim Johnson (baseball)