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Todd Grimshaw

Todd Grimshaw is a fictional character from the British soap opera Coronation Street, formerly played by Bruno Langley from 2001 to 2017, and now played by Gareth Pierce. The character's debut was broadcast on 14 January 2001. He was introduced as part of the Grimshaw family, formed around the established character Eileen Grimshaw (Sue Cleaver).

Todd was the programme's first gay character, which generated much coverage in the British media. The coming out storyline was credited with helping Coronation Street portray a more accurate depiction of society in the 21st century.

The character's storylines have mainly focused on his relationships with Sarah-Louise Platt (Tina O'Brien), Karl Foster (Chris Finch), Marcus Dent (Charlie Condou) and Billy Mayhew (Daniel Brocklebank). Langley decided to leave the show in 2004 but returned for brief appearances in 2007 and 2011. The actor agreed to reprise the role on a permanent basis in 2013. Todd remained a part of the series until Langley's contract was terminated following legal issues in 2017. It was announced in July 2020 that Todd was to return, with the role having been recast to Pierce; Todd returned on 9 October 2020.

Family
The Grimshaws are often portrayed as arguing rivals in their scenes. Todd and his eldest brother Jason Grimshaw (Ryan Thomas) are portrayed as "bickering brothers". Jason is often cheeky to their mother, Eileen Grimshaw (Sue Cleaver). Thomas told a reporter from Soaplife that he and Langley were best friends off-screen.

Early relationships
Todd begins a relationship with Candice Stowe (Nikki Sanderson), before romancing Sarah-Louise Platt (Tina O'Brien). She later ends their relationship because she wants to date Aidan "Ade" Critchley (Dean Ashton). Langley and O'Brien were in a relationship and she told Frances Traynor from the Daily Record that acting out their break-up was not strange. Todd then resumes his previous relationship with Candice. However, Todd soon returns to Sarah. She decides to sleep with Todd on her sixteenth birthday; storyline was controversial, and nine viewers contacted the Independent Television Commission. The organisation investigated the scenes and cleared Coronation Street of breaching guidelines. They praised them for building a relationship between the two characters and viewed it as a mature decision. Prior to this, Langley's friends would tease him because Todd was a virgin. O'Brien told Steve Hendry from the Sunday Mail that Sarah is "a bit dependent on Todd". In June 2003, Alex Tate from The People reported that Sarah-Louise would dump Todd. Sarah fears that she and Bethany are preventing Todd from succeeding at Oxford University. However, Sarah and Todd move into a flat together. Sarah's daughter Bethany Platt (Amy and Emily Walton) electrocutes herself, and Todd finds her unconscious; this accident prompts Gail Platt (Helen Worth) to involve social services.

Sexuality
In March 2003, Polly Graham from the Sunday Mirror reported that executive producer Kieran Roberts wanted Todd to become the show's first gay character. The show confirmed that had discussed the possibility but nothing has been decided upon. On 22 August 2003, it was reported that Todd would befriend Sarah's brother, Nick Tilsley (Adam Rickett) and kiss him. However, Nick does not reciprocate. A show spokesperson said that the storyline was a "groundbreaking move" and predicted a varied and "huge reaction" from viewers. They told a reporter from the Liverpool Echo that Todd had always questioned his sexuality. They added that "the storyline came naturally out of the character. It is being handled extremely sensitively." In October a spokesperson commented that "this is just the start. It's not a case of having a gay kiss just for titillation's sake. Todd will continue to struggle with his feelings, not for Nick, but general confusion over his sexuality." Approximately fourteen million viewers watched the kiss and sixteen complaints were filed.

Todd kissed Karl Foster (Chris Finch) and began an affair. The decision was made to film the scenes in the centre of Manchester's Gay Village, Canal Street. As the kiss was filmed, revellers on the street cheered at the actors. Langley was worried about portraying the issue led story correctly. He told Billy Sloan of the Sunday Mail that the crowd approval made him believe he was doing in right. Filming inside the street's nightclubs was carried out while actual drinkers were having their nights out. Thirty extras were hired to make the clubs look busier. Langley thought the location shoot was advantageous because "it gave you a real feeling of the atmosphere. It was very different from being on the normal Corrie set." A spokesperson added that it was the beginning of Todd's realisation about his sexuality. While kissing Karl, Todd sees Sarah approaching, and is "mortified", but she fails to notice Todd and Karl's kiss.

The storyline sparks a fight between Eileen and Gail. Eileen attacks Gail after she brands Todd a "two-timing, twisted, lying pervert". The two proceed to pull each other's hair out in the street.

Departure (2004)
In May 2004, it was announced that Langley had decided to leave Coronation Street. He stated that he had spent happy years with the show, but felt it was the correct time to leave. The producers did not expect Langley to leave, and had planned his sexuality storyline for two years in advance. They were shocked by the actor's decision to leave, and had to revise the storyline to facilitate Langley's impending departure. They decided not to kill Todd, making it possible for Langley to reprise the role. Todd decides to leave Weatherfield when he discovers Jason and Sarah in bed together. The show's producer Tony Wood added that Langley "has been an asset to the show and his portrayal of the sexually confused Todd has been superb." Daran Little, who wrote Todd's coming out storyline, told Daniel Martin and Jason Deans from The Guardian that he wanted to create a spin-off show focusing on Todd living in London. Langley was asked to return at various points, but could not do so due to other work commitments.

Returns
In 2007, Langley returned to the show to film fifteen episodes as Todd. Langley said that he would return again because he enjoyed filming scenes with the Grimshaw family. In 2009, Thomas asked the new producer Kim Crowther if she would reintroduce the character. On 30 January 2011, Daniel Kilkelly from Digital Spy revealed that Todd would return to Coronation Street. A spokesperson told Kilkelly that "we are currently in negotiations with Bruno Langley about a short storyline." Langley was on a theatre tour when asked to return. He split his time between Leeds and Manchester to film Todd's reappearance, which was for a single episode broadcast on 24 April 2011. Despite the return, Langley filmed over five days and decided to convey that Todd had changed. However, he noted that Todd "is essentially the same guy – he's just grown up." Todd returns to visit Eileen, and introduces her to his new boyfriend, Jools Creme (Ben Allen). Langley told Kilkelly that Todd and Jools must be in a serious relationship because Todd has never introduced a boyfriend to his family. Jools is middle-class and Todd had been treated as a guest at posh parties. Langley explained that Todd is nervous because residents of Weatherfield are completely different from Jools. It was also revealed that Gail would not welcome Todd's return and brands him a "gay gold-digger".

Reintroduction
On 17 August 2012, Langley revealed that he would like to return to the show. On 5 June 2013, it was announced that the character would be returning to Coronation Street, with Langley returning as a regular cast member. Executive producer Stuart Blackburn told an itv.com reporter that "Todd is a much loved character who has real history on the show and his return will leave Eileen with some impossible choices." Langley said it was a great time to reprise the role and explore how Todd has changed whilst living in London. He added that he was happy to see the Grimshaw family reunited. Langley returned to filming on 27 August and his first scenes aired on 4 November 2013. Nick Owens from the Daily Mirror reported that Todd's return would see him attempt to ruin Marcus Dent (Charlie Condou) and Maria Connor's (Samia Ghadie) relationship.

Upon his return Todd is played as a manipulative liar. Langley told Mark James Lowe from All About Soap that Todd had a job and a boyfriend in London but soon lost everything. Todd behaved badly and "burnt his bridges" with those he knew. When Todd arrives back he is untruthful with his family. His ex-boyfriend Alex Hughes (Nathan Ives-Moiba) arrives claiming that Todd has stolen his money. Langley explained that Todd does not like being exposed as a liar because he enjoys Eileen viewing him as the "better son". The actor told David Brown from Radio Times that Todd is concerned about the way Eileen views him, but does not care what other residents think. Todd has no worries about seeing Nick (now played by Ben Price) and Gail again, but upon doing so he is confronted with his past. The change of behavior continues as Todd manipulates Sean Tully (Antony Cotton) into convincing Eileen to ask him to stay. Langley explained that Todd "knows that Sean fancies him so he uses that against him. He manipulates Sean into speaking to Eileen and his plan works. Eileen wants him to stay, which makes Todd very pleased with himself."

Langley also confirmed reports that Todd would attempt to steal Marcus away from Maria. He added that Todd would manipulate and use Sean in his efforts to impress and attract Marcus. However, Maria is unaware of Todd's intentions towards her partner. Of Todd's motives, Langley said that "he likes a challenge and I guess he's probably one of those people who likes the drama of splitting couples up. It's all for his own ego and just to prove that he can." The actor was happy with Todd's changed personality. He noted that Todd spent years living away from home and it would have been a bad decision for him to return exactly the same person. Todd's manipulation of Sean is soon exposed by Brian Packham (Peter Gunn). Todd reveals that he could never be attracted to Sean and Brian informs him. To gain revenge, Todd exposes secrets to his girlfriend Julie Carp (Katy Cavanagh). Langley told a reporter from New! that "[Todd] was really angry so [he] decided to wreck his relationship with Julie."

Affair with Marcus Dent
In January 2014, the storyline between Todd and Marcus (played by Charlie Condou) was developed. Marcus is a gay male in a relationship with a female, who has not acted on his attraction to men while with Maria. However, Todd has a birthday party, which Marcus attends, and Todd uses the opportunity to gain his attention. Todd manipulates the situation by taking his shirt off in-front of Marcus. Condou told David Brown from Radio Times that Todd is "very flirtatious" and his handsome looks do not go unnoticed by Marcus. He was "turned on" by Todd but also upset about it. Todd takes his plan further by getting Marcus alone to kiss him. Eileen interrupts them and Todd admits that he tried instigate a kiss. Condou added that Todd controls the situation and knows exactly what to say to his advantage. This leaves Marcus "conflicted" because he loves Maria and Todd is "bad for him", but he cannot keep away. Condou told Allison Jones from Inside Soap that "He's trying to tell himself his feelings for Todd aren't a big thing, but Todd's like a dog with a bone and when he wants something he won't let go. He knows what he wants and he's going to get it."

Langley explained that Todd made an effort to behave cunningly, choosing to loiter around Coronation Street to keep an eye on Marcus. Todd does not care about the consequences and has his sights set firmly on Marcus. Langley explained that his character does not consider Maria's feelings because he has a "warped" view that he is doing Marcus and Maria a favour: he believes that Marcus will eventually decide to be with another man and believes it should be himself. Todd also claims to be in love and lets local gossip Sean know, playing a game of manipulation, knowing Marcus will hear of it. Langley further explained Todd's motives: "I think Todd has a reason for doing what he's doing. Todd was going to marry Sarah and have children, but he knew it wasn't right [...] he can see the same pattern happening with Marcus, so Todd is quite adamant when he tells Marcus that he's doing the wrong thing." The Daily Star later released photographs obtained during location filming depicting Marcus chasing after Maria. Reporter Nicole Morley revealed that Maria would catch Todd and Marcus sharing a shirtless embrace.

Departure (2017)
In October 2017, a woman complained to ITV that Langley had acted inappropriately towards, and sexually assaulted her, in a Manchester bar. After an internal investigation into the sexual assault allegation made by the woman, Langley's contract with Coronation Street was terminated with immediate effect. His last on-screen appearance was on 22 December 2017. On 30 October 2017, police confirmed that Langley had been charged with two counts of sexual assault, to which he pleaded guilty on 28 November 2017.

Recast
On 12 July 2020, it was announced that Coronation Street producers were beginning to look at a new actor to portray Todd. Todd returned on 9 October 2020 played by Gareth Pierce.

2001–2017
Highly academic, Todd is poised to sit A-Levels until he gets involved with teenage mother, Sarah Platt (Tina O'Brien), with whom he falls in love, leaving thoughts of university behind in favour of domesticity; much to his mother's dismay. Sarah becomes pregnant with Todd's baby, her second, at the age of sixteen. However, changes begin to show in Todd when he becomes infatuated with Sarah's older brother, Nick Tilsley (Adam Rickett). After a night out, Todd kisses a sleeping Nick, who wakes up and rebuffs him. Although Nick remains convinced that Todd is gay and insists that Sarah finish her relationship with him, Todd is able to pass the incident off as a misguided moment of drunken confusion. Despite this, he later secretly embarks on a relationship with gay nurse Karl Foster. They sleep together in Sarah's bed, and Todd admits that he enjoys sneaking around behind Sarah's back. Karl ends their relationship when Todd refuses to break up with Sarah, wanting to have Sarah and his child at home and Karl as his "bit on the side". Todd then comes out as gay to Sarah. Sarah then suffers a placental abruption, caused by a pre-existing medical condition, and goes into premature labour. She has an emergency caesarean section and their son Billy is born, leaving them both on the critical list. Todd shows little concern for Sarah's wellbeing during this time, and is only interested in Billy, demanding that Sarah take him to see him. Billy dies 24 hours after his birth, and tensions escalate between the Platts and Grimshaws. Todd comes to terms with his sexuality, resumes his studies and is accepted to study at Oxford University.

However, when Todd catches Sarah and his brother Jason together, he lashes out at Sarah, slapping her and throwing her out, then fighting with Jason. In the aftermath, Todd moves to London and tells Sarah he hopes she finds someone who loves her as much as he did.

Todd returns three years later for Jason's stag party. He tells Eileen he is in an open relationship with a man named Ben and has obtained his law degree and is doing temporary work. Jason informs Todd that Sarah's younger brother David Platt (Jack P. Shepherd) sent Todd's invitation after forging Jason's handwriting. Todd is hurt, as he thinks he has finally been accepted by Jason again, and is mortified about being tricked into returning. Before he can depart, Todd and Sarah cross paths when she arrives at the house, and they argue. However, Jason convinces Sarah that Todd should stay, otherwise David will have won. After Sarah throws a tantrum following Jason and Todd's drunken behaviour at the stag do, Todd confronts her and tells her to stop being selfish. They argue, but work things out and promise to lay the past to rest. Todd attends the wedding and returns to London soon after. Todd later visits the street with his new wealthy boyfriend Jools, and introduces him to Eileen. Eileen and Todd argue because he is ashamed of his working-class background. He leaves after making his apologies.

Todd loses his job as a lawyer and returns to Weatherfield, but fails to inform Eileen. A man named Alex then arrives and reveals Todd has stolen his money, cheated on Jools and is unemployed. Eileen is upset with Todd's lies, but he manipulates Sean into helping reaffirm his place in the Grimshaw household. Todd enjoys causing trouble for Brian who has been keeping secrets from Julie. This annoys Marcus, but Todd manipulates the situation and gains his trust. Todd tries to cause tension with Marcus and Maria, later attempts to kiss him, but Eileen interrupts. Todd refuses to listen to her warnings revealing that he sees sleeping with Marcus as a challenge. He begins to disrupt Marcus and Maria's relationship and spends more time with them. Todd spreads a rumour that he is in love and Marcus becomes jealous. They sleep together, but Marcus warns Todd off, so Todd continues to manipulate him. He sets up a scenario in which Maria will catch them being intimate. Maria throws Marcus out, leaving Todd free to pursue Marcus for himself. Todd later starts a relationship with vicar Billy Mayhew (Daniel Brocklebank) and they foster a child, Summer Spellman (Matilda Freeman), the daughter of Billy's ex-boyfriend who died. Todd left Weatherfield in December 2017 with Summer (fearing her grandmother would gain custody) and went on the run after assaulting a police officer, telling Summer to go find Billy.

2020–
In 2020, Sean, Billy and Mary Taylor (Patti Clare) read a letter meant for Eileen (who is currently visiting Jason in Spain) supposedly from Todd, asking for £1,000. They agree to go ahead with his plan, but they discover that it is a young woman called Safia (Sofiya Limalia) who admits that she wrote the letter and that she is scamming them. This leads Billy and Sean to contact the police, where they told he was found and released, meaning he is no longer on the run. While he was on the run, he worked for criminals, offering legal advice, and continued to work for them after. After Eileen returns from visiting Jason in Spain, Todd gets in contact, leaving a note in Eileen's house, telling her to meet her at a warehouse. The meeting is interrupted when they are cornered by gangster Mick Chaney (Neil Bell), who demands that Todd come with him. Todd hits him over the head, and he and Eileen run. When Eileen is called in to identify a dead body, Todd begs her to say that it him. At first she agrees, but she does not go through with it. Todd confronts Eileen and tells her that he owes Mick £1,000, and when Mick follows Eileen home, he reveals that he is Todd's ex. Mick discovers that Todd is in the house, and takes out a gun, threatening to shoot Eileen unless he follows, which he does; however, when they leave, Gary Windass (Mikey North) hits Mick over the head with a baseball bat in the garden.

Reception
In 2003, a survey was conducted amongst British landlords to determine which fictional characters most resembled real life tenants. 35% of landlords chose Todd and Sarah, who represented teenagers struggling to pay rent. A reporter from Hello! magazine has branded Todd a "unlucky-in-love, relationship-challenged" character whose life is blighted with problems. A Virgin Media writer branded him a "sensitive hunk", while Peter Dyke and Katie Begley from the Daily Star touted him as the "gay hunk". A writer from Orange branded him the "beacon of benevolence", and a reporter from the Daily Record opined that Todd kissing Nick sent "Coronation Street crashing into the 21st century". They added that they were surprised that it took forty-three years to feature a same sex kiss.

Rachael Tinniswood of the Liverpool Echo was not impressed with the "unrealistic" storyline. She said that "poor Todd" had "homosexuality foisted upon" him in a "sad attempt" to gain viewers. Brian Roberts from the Daily Mirror believed that Todd was "out of the closet once and for all" when he kissed Karl in Canal Street. He branded the show's first gay kiss as a mere peck in comparison to the second. Inside Soap ran an opinion poll asking readers whether or not they felt Todd's gay storyline was overdue or too taboo for television. 63 per cent voted that it was about time the show covered the topic.

In 2014, an Inside Soap writer branded him a "wily man-hunter". A fellow writer named him a "manipulative fella" and "scheming man-stealer". Jane Simon of the Daily Mirror questioned whether Todd was attempting to become the show's "new devil child". She observed his behavior to be that of a "boy poking a wasp's nest with a big stick." A writer from TV Magazine said that Todd would stop at nothing to get Marcus, top rated his cunning behaviour and branded him a "rotter". In August 2017, Langley and Brocklebank were longlisted for Best Partnership at the Inside Soap Awards. They did not progress to the viewer-voted shortlist.

title: Todd Grimshaw


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Category:Scarborough F.C.

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Scarborough F.C.


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Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba candidates in the 1995 Manitoba provincial election

The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba fielded a full slate of 57 candidates in the 1995 provincial election. Thirty-one of these candidates were elected, giving the party its second consecutive majority government. Many candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here.

Burrows: Bill McGee
McGee is from Beausejour, Manitoba, and has been a self-employed construction contractor. He received 1,266 votes (17.99%), finishing second against New Democratic Party incumbent Doug Martindale. He was hired to set up a regional health authority after the election, and was a board member of the North Eastman Health Association in 2000-01.

Elmwood: Clayton McMurren
McMurren is a small businessman and a former councillor in Rockwood, a rural municipality located outside of Winnipeg. He was first elected in 1989, and served until 2002. In 2006, he was elected as a councillor in Pinawa.

In 1995, McMurren proposed that Winnipeg's municipal government should rehabilitate quarry lands for the 1999 Pan-American Games, and then turn the site over to Rockwood (which would not contribute to the total costs). The Winnipeg councillors who handled the proposal were described as "far from impressed".

In addition to running for the provincial legislature in 1995, McMurren also sought the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada's nomination for Selkirk—Interlake in the 1997 federal election. He finished third against Reid Kelner; Felix Holtmann placed second. He later served on the board of Ensis Management, Inc., the Manitoba Film Classification Board, Community Futures Winnipeg River and Triathlon Manitoba.

Point Douglas: Claire Riddle
Riddle was born to a Métis family in Eddystone, Manitoba, and has been an active member of the Manitoba Métis Federation (MMF) for many years. She served as vice-president of the MMF's Winnipeg Region from 1986 to 1993, and has been a director for the region since that time. She was re-elected to a third term in office in 2000. Riddle is the chair for Métis Rights and the Métis Nation Agenda within the MMF, and is the Manitoba representative at the Métis Rights Panel of the Métis National Council. She has also worked with the MMF Unemployment Insurance Commission and for the Canadian Aboriginal Economic Development Strategy. As of 2005, she works with the Residential Tenancies Office of the province of Manitoba.

Riddle received 578 votes (11.77%) in 1995, finishing third against New Democratic Party incumbent George Hickes.

Rupertsland: Eric Kennedy
Kennedy was born in Princess Harbour on Lake Winnipeg. He began his political career at the municipal level, serving as Mayor of Long Body Creek and president of the Northern Association of Community Councils. Kennedy took the MACC out of debt within one year of becoming its leader. He is an aboriginal Canadian, and has long been active in drawing attention to aboriginal issues.

He first campaigned for the Manitoba legislature in a by-election to replace Elijah Harper, held on September 21, 1993. He received 614 votes, finishing third against New Democrat Eric Robinson. He again placed third against Robinson in 1995, receiving 619 votes (13.98%). Kennedy has been critical of both the Progressive Conservatives and the New Democratic Party in their handling of northern affairs in Manitoba.

In June 2005, Kennedy was appointed to manage the Pauingassi First Nation office of Southeast Child and Family Services. Since taking this position, he has become prominent in drawing attention to solvent abuse among young children, and has proposed an outreach program to the federal and provincial governments.

Transcona: Richard Bueckert
Bueckert is a small businessman in Winnipeg, and has been co-owner of Randonne Tours Ltd. He received 2,372 votes (26.71%), finishing second against New Democratic Party candidate Daryl Reid.

Wellington: Steve Place
Steve Place received 1,226 votes (17.49%), finishing third against New Democratic Party incumbent Becky Barrett. The President of the Manitoba Historical Society from 2002 to 2004 was named Steve Place; this may be the same person.


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George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar

George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar, KG, PC (ca. 1556 – 20 January 1611) was, in the last decade of his life, the most prominent and most influential Scotsman in England. His work lay in the King's Household and in the control of the State Affairs of Scotland and he was the King's chief Scottish advisor. With the full backing and trust of King James he travelled regularly from London to Edinburgh via Berwick-upon-Tweed.

In Scotland
Home was the third son of Sir Alexander Home of Manderston, Berwickshire, by his spouse Janet, daughter of George Home of Spott. He was introduced, at the age of 26, to the Court of sixteen-year-old James VI by a relative, Alexander Home, 6th Lord Home. Establishing himself as a favourite, he was in the retinue which accompanied King James VI to Norway and Denmark to collect his future Queen. James Melville of Halhill mentions that Home did not sail with the king, but in one of three other ships, along with Lewis Bellenden, John Carmichael, the Provost of Lincluden, William Keith of Delny, James Sandilands, and Peter Young.

During the trip, James VI made him Keeper of the Royal Wardrobe and sacked William Keith of Delny, who had appeared in richer clothing than himself. In 1606, when making him Earl of Dunbar, James VI praised him for his tact and diplomacy in Denmark at this time, his "high prudence and rare discretion."

He was knighted on 4 November 1590, when Alexander Lindsay was made Lord Spynie, and known as "Sir George Home of Primrose Knowe", and after 1593, as "Sir George Home of Spot". Spott is a village in East Lothian. Home had a feud with the previous owner James Douglas, who was drawn into the plots of the Earl of Bothwell and declared a rebel and traitor. James VI gave Home the rest of the lands of Spott and made them barony for Sir George Hume on 10 June 1592, requesting that Spott castle be the chief residence of the baron, and a feudal duty of a primrose to be delivered at Primroseknowe every 25 March.

In the 1590s Home presided over an arrangement where clothes and textiles for the royal households were provided by the goldsmith Thomas Foulis and merchant Robert Jousie, partly financed by money sent as a gift or subsidy to James VI by Queen Elizabeth. Home had a role in financing the household of Anne of Denmark giving her £3833 Scots in 1591, and in 1592 a dividend of £4000 from her dowry which had been invested in various Scottish towns. He was in charge of paying her Danish servants who were owed fees by the Scottish exchequer, totalling £1,200 in 1592.

In November 1592 Home was identified with friends of the Duke of Lennox, Colonel William Stewart, the Laird of Dunipace, Thomas Erskine, and James Sandilands, as a supporter of the king's former favourite James Stewart, Earl of Arran, working for his rehabilitation to the disadvantage of the Chancellor, John Maitland and the Hamilton family. The English diplomat Robert Bowes called this group the "four young and counselling courtiers."

In December 1592 he rode with Sir John Carmichael with news of the crisis caused by the discovery of the Spanish blanks to Alloa Tower, where James VI and Anna of Denmark were celebrating the wedding of the Earl of Mar and Marie Stewart.

In November 1593 Anna of Denmark complained that people around the king were speaking disrespectfully of her. James asked Home to be watchful of the queen's honour. Robert Bowes wrote that Home himself was suspected of speaking against the queen, and Burghley endorsed this, adding "The wolf to be a watchman."

Home was involved in the preparations for the baptism of Prince Henry at Stirling Castle in 1594. He was given £4,000 Scots from the queen's dowry which had been invested with Perth town council. The money was for mending the royal tapestries, making tablecloths for the banquets and the desks in the chapel, and upholstering stools and chairs. Some new textiles were provided by an English merchant Baptist Hicks. The tapestries were repaired by George Strachan or Strathauchin and William Beaton, the court embroiderer, made the other items.

Home was active in the campaigns against Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell. In February 1595 his brother William Home was in arms against Bothwell's supporters, killing John Noutt in Dunfermline and capturing men in Kelso.

With the king, at Linlithgow Palace, he interviewed a woman from Nokwalter in Perth, Christian Stewart, who was accused of causing the death of Patrick Ruthven by witchcraft. She confessed she had obtained a cloth from Isobel Stewart to bewitch Patrick Ruthven. She was found guilty of witchcraft and burnt on Edinburgh's Castlehill in November 1596. In 1598 he was appointed a Privy Counsellor, and the following year appears as Sheriff of Berwick-upon-Tweed, (by then in England).

In October 1600 James VI visited his house at Spott and was banqueted. The "merry" party included Sir Robert Ker, the Duke of Lennox, Sir Thomas Erskine, and Sir David Murray. The English courtier Roger Aston noted that all the gentlemen of the chamber there were "inward" with one another and with Home, who was the most "inward" with the king. Aston took the opportunity to ride to Berwick-upon-Tweed to see his friends.

In 1601 he was made Master of the King's Wardrobe, and on 31 July the same year was appointed one of the Componitors to the Lord High Treasurer, and acceded to that position in September. In 1601 he was also made Provost of Dunbar.

In England
Upon James's accession as James I of England in 1603, Home accompanied his sovereign to Westminster, where he became Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1603 to 1606.

In 1603, he was also appointed to the Privy Council of England, and on 1 June that year received a grant as Keeper of the Great Wardrobe for life. In July the king asked the Chancellor John Fortescue to move out of his house so Home could live there. The French ambassador the Marquis de Rosny identified Erskine as an influential courtier, and gave him a panache or feather jewel set with diamonds and featuring a fair ruby in the centre.

On 7 July 1604, he was created Baron Hume of Berwick in the Peerage of England. In 1605 he was appointed a Knight of the Garter, and, on 3 July, was created Earl of Dunbar in the Peerage of Scotland. There is evidence that he took a part in the interrogation of Guy Fawkes in the immediate aftermath of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605.

King James granted him the patent for dying cloth with imported tropical dyewoods. The use of these dyes was restricted due to concerns over quality. Dunbar paid £500 a year for the patent, and was able to issue licences to dyers. In 1607 a new process was thought to improve the quality, the restrictions were lifted, and the Earl was paid compensation.

The Venetian ambassador Nicolò Molin described Dunbar in unflattering terms in 1607. He wrote that Dunbar was a weak and ungrateful character who made few friends, and no one could understand why he received the king's favour. He thought that Dunbar contributed to the power held by the Earl of Salisbury.

In June 1608 Dunbar and the Earl of Montgomery went in procession from London to Windsor Castle for their investiture. The royal family watched the procession from Cecil House on the Strand. The Venetian ambassador Zorzi Giustinian noted that the English courtiers were jealous of the honours awarded to Scots. Dunbar went hunting with the King at Havering in 1608.

In October 1609 Dunbar, who was on his way to Scotland, gave King James a book of advice and counsel that his mother Mary, Queen of Scots had written for him. The manuscript was found in the Earl of Gowrie's house in Perth. Roger Aston reported that the king was "right glad of it".

Queen Elizabeth's jewels and clothes
Home was made keeper of the royal great wardrobe on 1 June 1603, and he is particularly associated with dispersal of Queen Elizabeth's costume and jewellery. John Chamberlain wrote that Elizabeth left, "a well stored jewel house and a rich wardrobe of more than 2000 gowns with all things else answerable". In June 1603, Scaramelli, a Venetian diplomat, wrote that Anne of Denmark had given away jewels, costume, and hangings to her ladies remaining in Scotland, and would find six thousand gowns in Elizabeth's wardrobe which were being adjusted for her. Anne would discard her Scottish identity for an English persona. As King James travelled south to London in April 1603 he ordered that some of Elizabeth's jewels, and a hairdresser Blanche Swansted, should be sent to Berwick-upon-Tweed so that Anne of Denmark would appear like an English queen as she crossed the border. James reiterated this request, explaining these jewels were to be selected by Elizabeth's household attendants for Anne's "ordinary apparelling and ornament". Anne may have been dressed in Elizabeth's clothes, the accounts reveal that her own gowns were altered and enlarged, perhaps to wear with larger farthingales.

However, according to the Venetian ambassador, Antonio Foscarini, King James gave away the queen's wardrobe, richly embroidered with pearls and gold, to a Scottish lord (meaning George Home), and disposed of many of Elizabeth's jewels. Pietro Contarini wrote a similar report or relazione in 1618, that King James had given away her jewels on one day and a few days later given away her costume and household goods. James was said to given the jewels to members of his Scottish retinue or English noble courtiers.

Records show that King James disposed of much of Queen Elizabeth's jewellery, either by selling it, having it remade, or exchanging it for new pieces. Several jewels were dismantled to provide gems for the circlet used at Anne of Denmark's English coronation. George Home was involved in examining the old queen's jewels which were brought to Hampton Court at Christmas time 1603 by Sir Thomas Knyvett. The King, Home, Roger Aston and the Earl of Nottingham selected pieces for disposal and sent them to the goldsmiths John Spilman and William Herrick, including a remarkable clock in the form of glass woman studded with rubies emeralds and pearls. Other pieces were sent to Peter Vanlore in exchange for a new jewel including a large rectangular ruby and two lozenge diamonds. Spilman and Herrick also valued jewels that had been kept by Mary Radcliffe for the queen's immediate use.

Marginal notes added to an old inventory of Elizabeth's clothes and jewels indicate items that Sir George Home delivered for the king's use, including a diamond studded pelican and a jewel like a mount with six rows of diamonds. An inventory of 22 March 1605 mentions items in his keeping for the king's use, or recently returned to the Secret Jewelhouse of the Tower of London, including, two sets of ten diamond buttons worn by King James, 29 other diamond buttons, and a gold feather jewel set with a large diamond and 25 other diamonds. King James from time to time asked Dunbar and Robert Cecil and the Lord Treasurer to select jewels, apparently from the royal wardrobe or Jewel House, as gifts from him to Anne of Denmark.

In July 1606 the earl's office of keeper of the wardrobe in Scotland was given to Sir James Hay, then a gentleman of the king's bedchamber. Dunbar was receipted for jewels held in the Tower of London and elsewhere, including; the ruby and chain from the (dismantled) pendant called the "Great H of Scotland", a hat badge with the monogram "J.A.R" in diamonds with three pendant pearls, a gold ring with five diamonds and clasped hands called the "espousal ring of Denmark", a band for hat with 23 links including six pieces with letters made of diamonds, and a diamond cross, which had been brought from Scotland for their value and significance.

Sir Charles Stanhope recorded an anecdote that Dunbar had made £60,000 from sales of clothes from the wardrobe of Queen Elizabeth I of England, and spent £20,000 on the house he built on the site of Berwick Castle. A similar story was recorded by Symonds D'Ewes on 21 January 1620, that King James had given the late queen's wardrobe to the Earl of Dunbar, who had exported it to the Low Countries and sold it for £100,000. Anne of Denmark retained a collection of the gowns and garments of previous queens of England, which was sold on her death in 1619.

Landed interests
On 27 September 1603 Home received the manor and castle of Norham, with its fishing rights on the River Tweed. On 12 December a Royal Charter gave him the custody and captaincy of St Andrews Castle. In July 1605 he had a confirmation of all the lands previously granted to him incorporated and combined into a free earldom, Lordship of Parliament, and Barony of Dunbar.

Mansion at Berwick
George Home began to build a house on the site of Berwick Castle. The master of royal building work in Scotland, James Murray of Kilbaberton was involved in the construction. It was never finished but was widely rumoured to be magnificent. George Chaworth wrote to the Earl of Shrewsbury in 1607 about the various reports of its size, height, views, and good proportions and that its long gallery would make that at Worksop Manor look like a garret or attic. Worksop had been built by Shrewsbury's father.

According to William Brereton, who visited Berwick in 1633, the building work ended at the Earl's death in 1611. A stately "platform" was begun, and a long gallery with a large mantlepiece (5 yards long) had a flat roof to view the landscape.

Religious affairs
In July 1605 some nineteen ministers assembled at Aberdeen in defiance of the King's prohibition against the General Assembly meeting. Six of them were subsequently imprisoned in Blackness Castle near Linlithgow, and there, on 10 January 1606, the Earl of Dunbar came from London to be present at their trial and to act as the assessor. Everything was done that could be done by him to win a verdict for the King against the six ministers and it is said that he "brought plenty of money with him to purchase a verdict". In addition, the Earl himself selected the 15 jurymen, five of whom were Homes, his relatives. But even then the jury could not agree. In the end it was a majority verdict of nine against six in favour of the guilty verdict. Regardless of the irregularities, the verdict stood, and established the law that it was High Treason for any minister of the Established Church to dispute the authority of the King and the Privy Council in religious matters.

In 1608, Home journeyed to Scotland with George Abbot to arrange to promote the Episcopal Church, and to seek some sort of union between the Church of England and Church of Scotland. King James was pleased with the initial results, although the hoped-for Union never occurred and the gulf between the King and the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland widened.

Marriage and family
In 1590 he married Elizabeth Gordon, daughter of Alexander Gordon of Schivas and Gight, and Agnes Beaton, a daughter of Cardinal David Beaton, Archbishop of St. Andrews, and Marion Ogilvy.

The English ambassador Robert Bowes commented on Elizabeth Gordon's arrival at court in June 1590. Bowes said she was the heiress of Gight, and her mother, Agnes Beaton, by now Lady Auchindoun, had brought her to court and that George Home was likely to marry her. She became a lady in waiting to Anne of Denmark. James VI and Anna of Denmark bought her an elaborate purple velvet gown with satin sleeves and skirt in November 1590, perhaps for her marriage. Auchindoun Castle came into George Home's ownership in March 1593.

Their children were:

 * Anne Home (d. 1621), who married Sir James Home of Whitrig (d. between 1614 and 1620) in 1602. Their son became James Home, 3rd Earl of Home.
 * Elizabeth Home (d. 1633), according to a memoir of the early life of Princess Elizabeth, the daughter of King James and Anne of Denmark, she was one of her companions at Coombe Abbey from 1604. She married Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk in 1612.
 * A son who died in 1604.

Death
The Earl of Dunbar died in Whitehall, London, in 1611, without male issue, whereupon the earldom and the barony became dormant.

His body was embalmed, but his funeral service did not take place in Westminster until April, after which his body was placed in a lead coffin and sent to Scotland where it was buried under the floor of Dunbar parish church, midway between the font and the pulpit. A magnificent monument, said to be finer than any in Westminster Abbey, was erected in his honour, which is still the distinguishing feature of the interior of this church.

In May 1612, his daughter Anna Home complained to the Privy Council that during negotiations for her sister's marriage to Lord Walden, The Earl of Suffolk had obtained her father's property while she remained liable for his debts.

The earl's daughter, Elizabeth, Countess of Suffolk, wrote to King Charles in 1627 pleading for her husband's position, after their imprisonment in the Tower of London, mentioning her father's long court service. Suffolk had spent £20,000 following the court, running at tilts and on masques to gain royal favour.

title: George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar


text:
Talk:Leek, Staffordshire

Photo of the Roaches
That photo of Leek and the Roaches in the background is cracking good photo.

How about something about the double sunset as well.

Bjddavies2006 22:07, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

Leek Memorial
I noticed that the Architecture & Development section contains no information on the Leek War Memorial. I find this strange, as it is ranked (unless I am mistaken) as one of the highest in England. I do not profess to being an expert on the subject, but if anyone has any knowlage about the memorial, please add it on. I will try to find some more information about it on leekonline.com. MJ 77 13:57, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
 * The Nicholson War Memorial has its own page: http://www.nicholsonmemorial.org.uk/ - If someone would like to add info on it then go ahead. LeekTownTK (talk) 16:53, 1 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I've added a link to a new article I've created, about the memorial. Andy Mabbett ( Pigsonthewing ); Talk to Andy; Andy's edits 14:34, 9 February 2012 (UTC)

Crime rate in Leek???
I was wondering what the crime rate was like in Leek??? (I am thinking about taking a job offer there) I would probably live near the centre of town. Am I going to get mugged??? I mean, I see that two and three bedroom terraced houses can be had for under £100,000 but I know that up north you get hassled/mugged in the bad sections of town (whereas in London, even if you live in Brixton, you are not going to get mugged (unless you are involved in a drug transaction)). What's it like in Leek??? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.129.158.40 (talk) 18:59, 21 July 2010 (UTC)

As with any town some areas are worse than others, having said that, I am from the South East and lived in Leek for almost two years without any problems. Crime stats for the area are contained on government websites. You could try: http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/ as a starting point.Percepeters (talk) 11:58, 29 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Leek isn't especially crime ridden and most trouble is of the 'drunken yobs on a Saturday night' variety. There are a couple of rough council estates where you'd want to take care, but even those are pretty safe compared with big city estates. The population is mostly white working class with some gentrification over the last decade. --Ef80 (talk) 16:47, 4 February 2018 (UTC)

Economy
I have now updated the economy page with citations to support the heretofore unreferenced material. Can anyone who has an issue with these references please post any problems on this page. Thank you.Percepeters (talk) 12:26, 29 July 2010 (UTC)

Sports section edit
Leek Hockey Club is located on Macclesfield Road in Leek and not Mill Street as described in the article.

94.193.76.75 (talk) 07:11, 26 September 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Leek, Staffordshire. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20140812003340/http://www.mcrailways.co.uk/page/reconnect-leek to http://www.mcrailways.co.uk/page/reconnect-leek

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title: Talk:Leek, Staffordshire


text:
Category:Scunthorpe United F.C.

__NOGALLERY__

title: Category:Scunthorpe United F.C.


text:
Marcel Wouda

Marcel Reinier Wouda (born 23 January 1972) is a Dutch former swimmer, who became the first Dutch world champion in men's swimming when he won the world title in the 200 m individual medley at the 1998 World Aquatics Championships in Perth, Australia. He was the coach of Olympic champions Maarten van der Weijden and Hinkelien Schreuder at the Nationaal Zweminstituut Eindhoven.

Swimming career
Wouda was born in Tilburg and grew up in Uden, where he joined the 'De Zeester' swimming club at a very young age. His trainers were Martien Swinkels and Rob Kennis, who brought him to the top of Dutch swimming. Wouda made his Olympic debut at the 1992 Summer Olympics, where he was the sole male in the Dutch squad of eight females ending 22nd in the 200 m individual medley and 19th in the 400 m individual medley.

Afterwards he moved to the United States, where he joined University of Michigan in Ann Arbor under the guidance of trainer-coach Jon Urbanchek, alongside swimmers like Eric Namesnik, Gustavo Borges and Tom Dolan. At the 1993 European Aquatics Championships in Sheffield he won the bronze medal in the 400 m individual medley.

Two years after he left Wouda moved back to the Netherlands, where trainer-coach Jacco Verhaeren brought him back to the top. Wouda got his second Olympic selection when he qualified for the 1996 Summer Olympics. There he finished in 4th place in the 200 m individual medley, 5th place in the 400 m individual medley, and 7th place in 4×200 m freestyle. At the 1997 European Aquatics Championships he became European champion in the 200 m and 400 m individual medley and won a silver medal in the 4×200 m freestyle together with Pieter van den Hoogenband, Mark van der Zijden and Martijn Zuijdweg.

At the 1998 World Aquatics Championships in Perth, Western Australia Wouda became world champion in the 200 m individual medley and won two silver medals in the 400 m individual medley and the 4×200 m freestyle relay alongside Van den Hoogenband, Van der Zijden and Zuijdweg. In April 1999 at the 1999 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) in Hong Kong, China Wouda won four medals. He became world champion in the 4×200 m freestyle alongside Pieter van den Hoogenband, Johan Kenkhuis and Martijn Zuijdweg. He won silver medals in the 400 m individual medley and the 4×100 m freestyle together with Mark Veens, Johan Kenkhuis and Pieter van den Hoogenband, in the 200 m individual medley he won a bronze medal. In the summer of 1999 Wouda took part in the 1999 European Aquatics Championships in Istanbul, Turkey. He successfully defended his title in the 200 m individual medley and won the relay titles in the 4×100 m freestyle, with Kenkhuis, Veens and van den Hoogenband, and the 4×100 m medley with Klaas-Erik Zwering, Stefan Aartsen and van den Hoogenband. He also won the bronze medal in the 400 m individual medley.

On the road to the Sydney Olympics Wouda took part in the 2000 European Aquatics Championships in Helsinki, Finland where he won a bronze medal in the 4×200 m freestyle together with Martijn Zuijdweg, Mark van der Zijden and Pieter van den Hoogenband. Wouda won a bronze medal in the 4×200 m freestyle relay at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia alongside Martijn Zuijdweg, Johan Kenkhuis and Pieter van den Hoogenband. Individually he ended 5th in the 200 m individual medley and 13th in the 100 m breaststroke. With the 4×100 m medley team he ended 4th just missing out for a medal alongside Klaas-Erik Zwering, Joris Keizer and Pieter van den Hoogenband. In the aftermath of the Sydney Olympics Wouda resigned from swimming. Six months later a journalist from Dutch daily NRC Handelsblad, Mark Hoogstad, wrote a book describing the resurrection of Dutch swimming at the hand of Wouda's career.

Coaching career
Wouda was the head coach of Dutch junior swimming for two years, before being named assistant-coach of Verhaeren in Eindhoven, in October 2006. He guided Maarten van der Weijden to his world title in the 25 km and the Olympic title in the 10 km. He is also the coach of Hinkelien Schreuder who was part of the Dutch golden 4×100 m freestyle team and reached an individual 7th place in the 50 m freestyle at the Beijing Olympics in 2008.

Swimmers coached

 * Maarten Brzoskowski
 * Linsy Heister
 * Job Kienhuis
 * Robert Lijesen
 * Allen Lindenberg
 * Hinkelien Schreuder
 * Bastiaan Tamminga
 * Arjen van der Meulen
 * Maarten van der Weijden
 * Wendy van der Zanden
 * Tom Vangeneugden
 * Joeri Verlinden
 * Maaike Waaijer

title: Marcel Wouda


text:
File:Rotk1171.jpg

Summary
Attack by the Corsairs of Umbar, sailors from Harad, on Gondor's port, Pelargir, in New Line Cinema's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy.

Rationale for the fair use of this image in Harad:
 * The image is used to demonstrate the film's distinctive graphical style
 * The image is being used in an informative way and should not detract from the film
 * The image does not limit New Line Cinema's ability to sell or show the film

title: File:Rotk1171.jpg


text:
Autumn Cup

The Autumn Cup was an ice hockey competition in the United Kingdom between 1946 and 2000. The competition was originally divided into English and Scottish competitions, known as the English Autumn Cup and the Scottish Autumn Cup between 1946 and 1954 when it became the British Autumn Cup until 1960. The competition did not take place again until 1967 when it was resurrected as the Northern Autumn Cup before it again became a national competition in 1983. Following a series of major sponsorships during the 1980s it became known as simply the Autumn Cup in 1991 before a sponsorship deal with Benson & Hedges renamed it the Benson & Hedges Cup (B&H Cup) in 1982 until their association ended in 2001 and the Autumn Cup discontinued.

The competition was contested during the opening months of each season with preliminary round games taking up the majority of the early season schedule. From 1983 finals were played at a predetermined venue with Sheffield Arena becoming the sole venue in 1991. Between 1983 and 2000, all but three finals were settled in regulation time with the 1983, 1986 and 1999 finals going into overtime and the 1983 and 1999 final being settled on penalty shots.

title: Autumn Cup


text:
Talk:Sig (rune)

logo
"A logo involving oak leaves and an iron cross was later implemented to replace it..." Actually this would be a Knight's Cross with an Oak Leaf Cluster.Alexander 13:23, 29 July 2007 (UTC) yea 92.80.91.1 (talk) 15:51, 14 June 2010 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Slayerlogo.png
Image:Slayerlogo.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 10:47, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sig (rune)


text:
Lamborghini Silhouette

The Lamborghini Silhouette P300 is a two-door two-seat mid-engined rear-wheel drive sports car that was made by Lamborghini between 1976 and 1979 in small numbers.

Officially presented at the 1976 Geneva Auto Show, the Silhouette began as a styling exercise by noted Italian Carrozzeria Bertone. It was based on the earlier Lamborghini Urraco, but was distinguished from the Urraco by more angular styling. The Silhouette was the first Lamborghini to employ a targa top roof. The Silhouette later evolved into the similar looking but more successful Lamborghini Jalpa. The car had a 3.0-litre all-aluminium alloy Lamborghini V8 engine mounted transversely behind the driver. Of the 54 units (42 left-hand-drive and 12 right-hand drive), 31 are currently known to exist.

Official performance figures indicate the Silhouette could complete the 0 to 100 km/h sprint in 6.5 seconds, 0 to 100 mph in 16.1 seconds, and could reach a top speed of 260 km/h

title: Lamborghini Silhouette


text:
Category:People from Chubut Province

People from the Argentine province of Chubut.

title: Category:People from Chubut Province


text:
Template talk:UnitedStatesCode

How to use this
Cornell University has the United States Code online in its entirety: this template adds a URL to titles and sections of the code.

{{UnitedStatesCode|title|section}}

Template:Usc redirects here, so you may also use the shortcut usc.

{{usc|title|section}}

Example

 * {{usc|18|2702}}
 * this becomes

Discussion
Why not use Cornell's site (http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode) instead?

I'm working on a new template, Template:USCode, that will implement it.

However, I'm not good at these things, so any (all) help would be greatly appreciated.

--Markles 21:23, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

U.S. Code
''The following comment was copied from my talk page to here, to make it easier for people to follow the discussion in the future. Markles has been notified on his talk page. --Arcadian 20:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC)''

You've made a great template, Template:UnitedStatesCode. It uses FindLaw. I'm an attorney and I use and like Findlaw. On the other hand, Cornell's site is a lot cleaner, slicker, and more attractive to the common user & Wikipedian. So I'm looking into trying a Template that uses Cornell's site: Template:USCode. However, I'm not having much luck because I'm not good at this stuff. Can you give me some advice? You can answer here instead of my user page. --Markles 21:40, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the kind words. Unfortunately, I think that it might be beyond my ability to create the needed template. I did a little research on the format of the URLs. Here are two examples, to contrast FindLaw with Cornell:

 * http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/ts_search.pl?title=28&sec=1350
 * http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode28/usc_sec_28_00001350000-.html

 * http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/ts_search.pl?title=18&sec=922
 * http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode18/usc_sec_18_00000922000-.html

As you can see, Cornell's site requires padding of the zeros, while FindLaw's site does not, and unfortunately the Cornell site crashes if you leave the extra zero out, and I don't know how to get the template feature to provide this padding. But the door isn't necessarily closed -- we'll leave this discussion here, and if somebody with better skills than me comes along, or if new features are added to the MediaWiki software to support padding, then we may be able to switch over in the future. --Arcadian 20:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * OK. I found some of the same problems at the Cornell site (the leading zeros, etc).  :(  I am undaunted.  Can someone figure this out?  Maybe we need to contact the Cornell people.  --Markles 21:19, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I just discovered this template... as I was working on the USA PATRIOT Act I have actually sorted out this issue independently. You might want to look at usc and usc-clause. - Ta bu shi da yu 16:50, 19 November 2005 (UTC)
 * (Recently discovered and conformed these templates.) Cornell does have title-section (and, for that matter, title-chapter, etc.) links: cut everything after the "uscode/" and replace with titlenumber/sectionnumber.html, e.g., http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/28/1350.html. (Chapters are coded as titlenumber/chchapernumber.html, e.g., http://www.law.cornell.edu/17/ch1.html and so forth.) -User:Sisyphe

Washingtonwatchdog.org
http://www.washingtonwatchdog.org/documents/usc/ttl5/ptIII/subptE/ch61/subchI/sec6103.html, used by Holidays of the United States (as of 20:10, 2 January 2006 (UTC)). This is nice because it allows linking to specific titles, parts, subparts, chapters, subchapters, or sections. I think Template:USC only allows linking to the section. I generally prefer the Cornell links, however. Just thought I'd pass this along. —Markles (markles)  20:10, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

Formatting
I removed the italics. —Markles (markles)  December 28, 2005

I also removed  . I think the reader should know (at least in this case) that they're going outside of wikipedia. —Markles (markles)  18:54, 2 January 2006 (UTC)
 * You just broke the article when it is printed. I'm putting it back in - when you print I really don't care about the URL in the text. Try printing one of my USA PATRIOT Act articles and you'll see what I mean. The link, incidently, is a slightly different colour and this indicates that it's not an internal wikilink. - Ta bu shi da yu 08:36, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I know that this is an old conversation, but I was surprised just now when I clicked on a USC section link and ended up at Cornell's web site. I agree with Markles that these links to Cornell should indicate to the reader that clicking on them will take them away from Wikipedia.  While I can sympathize with Ta bu shi da yu that it might not look good when printed, the primary use of Wikipedia is to be online and interactive, not printed.  I rarely print anything.  I think this printing argument for not including the external link indicator is very weak.  Incidentally, I tried printing an article that included external links with indicators and the indicators were not printed.  I believe that's because Wikipedia specifies different CSS for printing, which hides the indicators.  I think that the span should be removed from the template again.  --Lance E Sloan (talk) 14:08, 21 January 2009 (UTC)

I changed spaces to  (non-breaking spaces) so now the citation will all stay on the same line. —Markles (markles)  01:30, 10 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree with your new points. I've removed the span.  How's it look to you now?—Markles 11:43, 22 January 2009 (UTC)

I brought the title number into the wikilink to result in only 2 colors in the output as opposed to 3 colors. --G1076 00:02, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

The periods
Ta ba shi or whatever his name is took out the periods in U.S.C. on March 15. I put them back in on March 18 because that's the way the U.S.C. is always cited in Bluebook style, which most federal and state courts adhere to. --Coolcaesar 01:40, 19 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Should I feel insulted you can't get my username right when it's right in the page history? Anyway, I see what you are saying and agree with your decision. It's just that most other sources that I read don't use this, however THOMAS does and as you say Bluebook style wants this. - Ta bu shi da yu 08:35, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Footnote trouble
After looking at the 80ish footnotes of redundant listings I figured why not actually put the links into the text and have a real reference for the cornell site. That reduced the footnotes down to a reasonable size but someone should go back and look over it to make sure I didn't put something out of context.-Darkwraith 19:35, 15 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I strongly disagree with what you did to USA PATRIOT Act, Title III. It makes the text harder to read. - Ta bu shi da yu 06:32, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

how to cite entire title (no sections)?
Suppose I simply want to refer to an entire Title sans chapters/sections/etc. Can I do this with one of these templates? For example, I want to state that the mission of the U.S. Census Bureau is defined in Title 13 U.S.C.. Any suggestions? older ≠ wiser 20:14, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)?
I just found and made my first use of the UnitedStatesCode tempate. Thanks for it! Now, is there a similar template for the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)? The US GPO has an electronic version posted at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html. In searching Wikipedia, I've not found any appropriate templates. --Jdlh | Talk

 * CFR means 'category for renaming' on Wikipedia so they don't use the normal abbreviation, which is why a search might be fruitless. You're probably looking for "Template:CodeFedReg" (Although (slightly not unrelatedly) Fed. Reg. can also stand for the Federal Register) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.65.109.10 (talk) 18:35, 3 December 2010 (UTC)

switch from Cornell to a non-commercial site?
It appears that Cornell is now requiring cookies and asking for donations. Would it be possible to like to a non-commercial site instead? It appears that http://law2.house.gov/search/criteria.shtml may let us construct appropriate URLs and that would be to a more authoratative source anyway. Wrs1864 20:28, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
 * They do that once or twice a year. It's no big deal. - Ta bu shi da yu 13:04, 29 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree with TBSDY, but if anyone can find a better way to link to a better site, then I'm all for it. I've been having trouble, for instance, making Usc-title-chap work right.—Markles 14:16, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

Semi-protected
This is a high visibility template because that it is used on PD-USGov. Cburnett 02:19, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

New template: USCSub
I wrote a new template UnitedStatesCodeSub because the cornell pages have anchors embedded for each subsection, subparagraph, etc. I'm not sure of the precise wording that would go best in the docs so please correct if needed.

Example: yields. Note the "d_2_B" anchor in the URL which will jump the browser to the appropriate clause.

Cburnett (talk) 04:36, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Why does this not use the Office of the Law Revision Counsel?
Great template! Thanks a lot. I'm curious though, why are we not using the Office of the Law Revision Counsel instead? It may not look as cute, but it's somewhat of a more direct source I believe. WDavis1911 (talk) 08:20, 1 May 2008 (UTC)
 * See Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Law/Archive 6. Cheers! bd2412  T 08:25, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Shouldn't <ref> be used?
I think that the link should generate a note and a link in the references section, i.e. <ref> should be used. 167.107.191.217 (talk) 13:49, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Perhaps a new template could be used for that. Right now, however, this template is useful for putting the citation directly into the text.—Markles 14:35, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

USSG
Is there no template for U.S. Sentencing Guidelines? Tisane (talk) 01:47, 15 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Looks like there is none. Do you want to make one?  Do you know how?  I can help; let me know.  —Markles  13:14, 15 February 2010 (UTC)
 * I created Template:USSG and Template:USSGSub. So, produces  and  produces . What do you think? At least this way, we won't have to update urls on every page that quotes the USSG every time the U.S. Sentencing Commission issues a new guidelines manual. We can just update the template. Tisane (talk) 20:24, 17 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Looks like your 5th & 6th paramenters aren't working. (As of now.)  Can you fix that?—Markles  22:38, 17 February 2010 (UTC)

This template violates the Bluebook
Where multiple sections are cited, §§ should be used instead of §. For example, 1 U.S.C. §§ 1-2, not 1 U.S.C. § 1-2. Don't know how to fix this technically, but I estimate this has created thousands of inaccurate citations. Savidan 19:57, 19 February 2011 (UTC)
 * The Bluebook is not the Wikipedia style guide, the citations are accurate. They are just not formatted the way the editors of that style guide think it should be edited.  Nevertheless, I have made the change to the code.  Does it work now?—Markles  20:17, 19 February 2011 (UTC)
 * The double §§ is good. That is not just used by the Bluebook, but basically every system of legal citation in the US.  Another change that would be in accordance with those style guides, but perhaps difficult to achieve technically is to drop repetitive digits, except for the last two, and except when all the numbers are the same.  For example, instead of 1 U.S.C. §§ 100-125, it should be 1 U.S.C. §§ 100-25.  But, 1 U.S.C. §§ 100-100aa should be left as is.  Savidan 15:39, 20 February 2011 (UTC)

Appendices unsupported?
How does one link to this? http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode46a/usc_sec_46a_00000723000-.html  Sandstein   22:59, 25 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Alas, we haven't (yet) found a way to work it into this template.—Markles 01:57, 26 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks anyway,  Sandstein   14:56, 26 February 2011 (UTC)
 * It seems like we should be able to support the idea that LII has pages with an "a" for the Appendices, i.e. http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18a. Would this be better done in a different (new) template? The deeplinks to sections appendices give me the willies, since they kind of scream "not a durable URL," but I guess linking to them with an html link without a template is better than nothing. jhawkinson (talk) 01:46, 19 October 2014 (UTC)

Edit request: §§ as "sub-section"
Template does not correctly render ranges of sections. Cf., i.e., Sherman_Act. The *sections* 1-7 are erroneously labeled as *sub*sections. BUG!

207.22.49.29 (talk) 19:50, 9 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I don't see the problem. "§§" means "sections" as the plural of "section."  Am I wrong?—Markles  20:26, 9 March 2011 (UTC)

No external links within article text
Please see discussion at Wikipedia talk:External links/Archive_33 regarding the use of this template in article text (as distinct from the references or external links section). Cnilep (talk) 03:28, 17 October 2013 (UTC)

 * This could easily be resolved by defining a new parameter such as 1. When specified, the wikilink would remain intact, and only the external link would be suppressed. In this mode, editors would be able to utilize these templates to properly format inline mentions of regulations, etc. within article texts. If one really wanted to be precise, one could also define another parameter such as 1, which could be used to suppress subsequent internal links for multiple mentions of the same title within the same article.  Personally, I think the latter option might be overkill. — groll tech   ( talk ) 23:05, 10 July 2015 (UTC)

Sea of blue
Consistent with WP:Sea of blue, wouldn't it be better to not link the section (§) symbol, so the internal link to the title and the external link to the actual code don't appear to be a single link? --205.254.147.8 (talk) 13:30, 1 November 2013 (UTC)

New notitle parameter
I have added a "notitle" parameter to prevent display of the title, for use when multiple citations are desired but without repeating superfluous title information, as is demonstrated on Template:UnitedStatesCode/testcases. Int21h (talk) 23:23, 21 November 2014 (UTC)

 * In the documentation, I've expanded "Usage" section, and have added an example to the "Examples" section. Thanks! — groll tech  ( talk ) 07:12, 11 July 2015 (UTC)

Handling usc|ch|sec(1)(A)(i) type invocations, or a bot to autocorrect; transferred codes; https for links
I just manually corrected a bunch of citations at Paperwork Reduction Act that were made using the format "usc|ch|sec(1)(A)(i)", e.g. ->.

 * 1) Could the template itself handle this style of invocation?
 * 2) If not, could someone please make a bot to autocorrect as I did (preferably doing a validation check against the Cornell site to ensure that the page and anchor are present)?
 * 3) Could a bot check the Cornell site to check whether a code has been moved, e.g.  ->  or the entire FECA transfer, eg  ->  (which Cornell has with a dash at the end for some reason)
 * 4) ✅ Could the template change all Cornell links from http to https? Their full site is https now, and linking to http first presents a security & privacy vulnerability.

Thanks! Sai ¿? ✍ 11:04, 27 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure what you mean by "this style of invocation". It looks like there's a separate template, Template:USCSub, for linking to subsections. Changing the protocol used should be as easy as changing "http://" to "https://" in this template. Are you asking for a bot to change all instances of to  ? That and checking whether they've moved should be pretty easy.  KSF  T C 22:36, 27 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I don't have edit rights to the template, so I can't change http -> https. It should be a trivial change, though. [ETA: looks like I was wrong. Changed.] Re. bot: yup, exactly that — or have just work directly, which would be more robust than having separate templates. Sai ¿? ✍ 16:21, 1 July 2016 (UTC)

Link no longer working
I'm concerned that the external link to the Cornell site generated by this template may no longer be working. I made an edit to Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban to use this template for and was surprised to see the link got sent to a "Lost and Found" page at Cornell. The issue was not just with the new link I added--for example the existing link to is no longer working either. It appears that Cornell has redesigned their site such that many of the old links no longer yet, but I haven't yet been able to figure out what--if any--new links may be appropriate. Dash77 (talk) 16:29, 30 July 2016 (UTC)
 * You need to use USCsub, like so: . Sai ¿? ✍

Template points to 404
See edit summary. Should I bring (minor) Template:CRS issue up at that talk page, separately?

 * is not valid because there is no section "1973gg(b)" of title 42. See : . int21h (talk · contribs · email) 04:58, 25 November 2016 (UTC)

Template-protected edit request on 16 March 2020
Remove the dots from "U.S.C." as per MOS:US. Getsnoopy (talk) 21:27, 16 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. – Jonesey95 (talk) 22:08, 16 March 2020 (UTC)

Remove dots as per MOS:US
The MoS currently states that any abbreviation/initialism that is 3 letters or more shouldn't have dots, but this template still outputs it as such. This should change. Getsnoopy (talk) 23:22, 16 March 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅.  P.I. Ellsworth   ed.  put'r there 08:22, 15 June 2020 (UTC)

Template-protected edit request on 12 June 2020
Could a non-breaking space be added between the title number and "U.S.C."? Currently something like "12 U.S.C. § 123(a)" can end up with "12" at the end of a line and "U.S.C." at the start of the next line. I think keeping those elements together would help readability. It appears that the rest of the spaces are already non-breaking. Brad (talk) 04:20, 12 June 2020 (UTC)
 * If they are all non-breaking spaces, is there any danger that this will be rather long and have no breaking spaces? — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 11:05, 12 June 2020 (UTC)
 * length of template rendering is, so a nbsp would work better than no nbsp. So...
 * ✅.  P.I. Ellsworth   ed.  put'r there 17:10, 14 June 2020 (UTC)

Restore periods per Manual of Style/Legal
User:Getsnoopy's request above to drop the periods from this template should never have been implemented. I request that the periods be restored immediately.

User:Jonesey95 correctly pointed out that such a controversial change requires consensus. User:Getsnoopy has done nothing of the sort to try to reach such consensus.

Manual of Style/Legal under "Citations and referencing" indicates that "it is recommended that editors use the referencing style for the jurisdiction that heard that case or for which that legal subject applies." For the United States, it is recommended that one uses the Bluebook or ALWD systems, both of which use periods.

User:Getsnoopy is advocating a difficult-to-read style of citation that would get an attorney fired for cause from any legal job in at least 47 states, one federal district, and all inhabited federal territories. (The exceptions are New York, Michigan, and Oregon.) Anyone who has attended any decent law school--or for that matter, any decent graduate school--knows that U.S.C. is always spelled with periods. This can be easily verified by looking at, for example, Cornell Law School's guide to legal citation.

Also, anyone with basic computer science or computer programming training would know that U.S.C. is just a lot easier to parse and read. (The man who taught my freshman introductory computer science course is famous enough that he is the subject of his own Wikipedia article.) --Coolcaesar (talk) 20:27, 15 June 2020 (UTC)
 * since the consensus for removal of the full stops is a community consensus found at MOS:US, and since MOS:LAW asks editors to "consider using..." outside style manuals, you are asked to first seek a consensus change for putting the full stops back before using the edit template-protected template. Thank you for your contributions!  P.I. Ellsworth   ed.  put'r there 23:02, 15 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Did you actually read my statement above? User:Getsnoopy didn't bother to get consensus in the first place. The consensus was in favor of periods all along. It is an appalling indicator of bad faith on your part to ask me to obtain consensus when User:Getsnoopy did not bother to comply with that process and was therefore acting in bad faith.
 * You should not be editing citation templates if you do not understand Wikipedia policy or proper citation practices. I work in an profession where I am judged on my ability to correctly cite legal authority every day and I started editing this encyclopedia five years before you. --Coolcaesar (talk) 00:43, 16 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia doesn't use Bluebook style. There's no reason why style that would "get an attorney fired" (a gross exaggeration, btw.) from a job that requires to them to use a particular stylebook ought to be determinative here at Wikipedia. Or course it's factor, but there are lots of instances of style conflict. We resolve them without absolutism, and certainly not in the fashion that the argument is made above. It's not about yelling, it's not about bad faith, it's not about what the legal profession does. Let's all please handle this in a different and more collegial fashion. Thanks. jhawkinson (talk) 03:23, 16 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Yes, I can read and I did read your post... every word. The reason I granted this edit request is that there was already a standing consensus, a community consensus, an agreement by editors that articles in this encyclopedia should follow a particular style. In this case the consensus that the requestor most certainly mentioned was the consensus that supports the MOS guideline cited by the requestor. That has already been explained, and the requestor has acted in good faith to point out the error that was in this template. Now if you would be so kind, I wonder if you can explain why you appear to refuse to follow an important Wikipedia behavioral guideline as can be seen by how you refer to the requestor and by how you react to my editing. I respect and celebrate that you have been editing this reference work for nearly sixteen years, and I congratulate you for your obvious passion on this issue. I hope you will understand that the underlying community consensus has already chimed in on this issue, and that consensus can change. Rather than to fight uphill against the MoS, all that is needed is a Local Consensus here on this talk page that can determine if we should follow the MoS guideline cited by the requestor, or if we should do as the Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal guideline tells us to "consider using Bluebook, ALWD, or an official state system" instead of the MOS:US Wikipedia style guideline. That's all you are asked to do... garner a consensus to override MOS:US and be guided by the legal MoS guideline instead.  P.I. Ellsworth   ed.  put'r there 08:57, 16 June 2020 (UTC)

 * further research yields that 's position has merit; therefore, I have reverted my previous removal of the full stops. This was determined by an above discussion from 2006, as well as the fact that consistency is warranted by other similar templates such as UnitedStatesCode2, UnitedStatesCodeClause, Usc-title-chap, UnitedStatesCodeSub and CodeFedReg. This depicts an obvious long-term consensus to use Bluebook, THOMAS, etc., as style guides for this issue. So was correct to require that  garner a new consensus to override MOS:LAW and the existing long-term consensus that supports "U.S.C." instead of "USC".  P.I. Ellsworth    ed.  put'r there 10:51, 16 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Well, it would have been preferable if you had recognized that in the first place, but better late than never. Thank you for recognizing your error and reverting your edit. --Coolcaesar (talk) 15:05, 16 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Great Caesar's ghost! Always a pleasure to do the right thing, no matter how much cool crow another editor makes me eat.  P.I. Ellsworth   ed.  put'r there 16:01, 16 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Template talk:UnitedStatesCode


text:
Dry & Heavy

Dry & Heavy is a Japanese reggae and dub band, formed in 1991 by drummer Shigemoto Nanao (Dry) and bass player Takeshi Akimoto (Heavy). Their names come from the Burning Spear album of the same name. The line-up which recorded the album Dry & Heavy came together in 1995, with Naoki Uchida on dub controls, Mitsuhiro Toike on keyboards, Kei Horiguchi on guitar, and the vocal duo of Likkle Mai and Ao Inoue.

They were influenced by the 1970s Jamaican dub sound of King Tubby, Lee Perry and others.

In 2001, during Fuji Rock (Japan's largest music festival) founding member Takeshi Akimoto (Heavy) announced he was leaving the group, Audio Active's current bassist Pata, stepped in to fill the void. Takeshi Akimoto was the former bassist for Audio Active, and Shigemoto Nanao the former drummer of the same band.

As well as appearances at every major Japanese rock and reggae music festival, the band have enjoyed success with their own headline dates in the United Kingdom, France and Switzerland. Concert dates include the Reading and the Hanover based Womad Festivals, and guest appearances in Germany with Asian Dub Foundation and Buju Banton. They also played in Hong Kong with Primal Scream and Adrian Sherwood, and created their own Japanese dubfest, Echomaniacs. This has featured Adrian Sherwood, Andrew Weatherall, Dennis Bovell and 3 Head, and Dry & Heavy have played in concert with Lee Perry, Horace Andy, Jah Shaka and Mad Professor.

In 2015 they released a new studio album In Time and the band continues to tour.

Band members

 * Shigemoto Nanao: Drums
 * Pata: Bass Guitar
 * Likkle Mai: Vocal
 * Ao Inoue: Vocal
 * Mitsuhiro Toike: Keyboard
 * The K: Guitar
 * Naoyuki Uchida: Dub Control

Discography

 * Dry & Heavy (1997)
 * 1. Law of the Jungle
 * 2. Runs Good
 * 3. Flash Flood
 * 4. I'm A Likkle Lioness
 * 5. Steppin' Out
 * 6. Strange Flute
 * 7. Bow and Arrow
 * 8. Meditate Rocka
 * 9. Mighty Gun

 * One Punch (1999)
 * 1. Mr. Blueflame
 * 2. T.K.O.
 * 3. Triumph
 * 4. Harmony
 * 5. Lost World
 * 6. Say No More
 * 7. Don't Give Up Your Fight
 * 8. Herbal Wise
 * 9. Night Flight
 * 10. Gassy Disco
 * 11. The Athlete

 * Full Contact (2000)
 * 1. Dawn Is Breaking
 * 2. Heavy Special
 * 3. Knife
 * 4. King Cobra Syle
 * 5. Rumble
 * 6. Love Explosion
 * 7. Love Explosion Version
 * 8. Private Plan
 * 9. Life In The Jungle
 * 10. Less Is More
 * 11. Less Is More Version
 * 12. The Smoker's Cough
 * 13. Landing

 * King Jammy meets Dry and Heavy in the Jaws of the Tiger (2000)
 * 1. Do Dub Up Your fight
 * 2. Rumble Dub
 * 3. Dub World
 * 4. Radical Dubber
 * 5. Mr. Dub
 * 6. Breaking Dub
 * 7. Private Plan Dub
 * 8. Harmony Dub
 * 9. Night Flight Dub
 * 10. Tiger Claw Dub
 * 11. Less Is Dub
 * 12. Love Explosion Dub

 * From Creation (2002)
 * 1. Reverse Again
 * 2. New Creation
 * 3. Strictly Baby
 * 4. Show A Fine Smile
 * 5. Silent Drive
 * 6. Watch Your Step
 * 7. Kombu
 * 8. The Dog And The Chicken
 * 9. Don't Make The Children Cry
 * 10. Riders On The Storm
 * 11. Right Track
 * 12. Bright Shining Star

 * In Time (2015)
 * 1. In Time	0:29
 * 2. Lean On Me	4:44
 * 3. Truth And Rights	3:37
 * 4. Swing Easy	4:17
 * 5. Cuss Cuss	4:13
 * 6. Tempo	4:15
 * 7. Shine Eye Gal	4:44
 * 8. World A Music	4:12
 * 9. Stalag 17	4:14
 * 10. I'll Never Let You Go	3:41
 * 11. Under Me Sleng Teng	4:12
 * 12. Drum Song	5:12
 * 13. Fast Car	3:47
 * 14. Real Rock	3:57
 * 15. Do You Love My Music	3:52
 * 16. Dreamland	3:16

title: Dry & Heavy


text:
Talk:Jewish Telegraph

Jewish Newspaper/Jewish centered Newspaper/Jewish focused Newspaper?
I called it a Jewish Newspaper, but that doesn't sound quite right. Jewish centered Newspaper doesn't sound quite right either. Maybe Jewish focused Newspaper? Does anyone have a good phrase for this? RJFJR 21:36, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jewish Telegraph


text:
Mizuiro

Mizuiro (みずいろ) is a visual novel made by NekoNeko Soft released in 2001. It has versions for four different platforms: Windows CD (3 Disc), Dreamcast, PlayStation 2, and Windows DVD-Rom.

There were two anime OVA adaptations of the game, a two-episode hentai OVA in 2002, and Mizuiro 2003, a two-episode non-hentai OVA in 2003. Both have same characters, but with somewhat different storylines.

Characters

 * '''Kenji Katase (片瀬 健二)
 * The protagonist controlled by the player.

 * Yuki Katase (片瀬 雪希)
 * The heroine of the story. Kenji Katase's adopted little sister.

 * Hiyori Hayasaka (早坂 日和)
 * Kenji Katase's childhood friend. (In DC/PS2 version she has two different stories)

 * Kiyoka Onosaki (小野崎 清香)
 * Kenji Katase's childhood friend.

 * Mutsuki Shindou (進藤 むつき)
 * Yuki's trusted friend. In her story, she is shy. In all other stories, she is very loud and humorous.

 * Asami Kouzu (神津 麻美)
 * A shy, but smart third year student.

 * Fuyuka Ishikawa (石川 冬佳)
 * Kenji Katase's tutor. She is quite strict. (DC/PS2 version only)

Game Setting

 * Prologue: The player's character is very young, with the story beginning with the meeting of Yuki for the first time and developing a loving sibling relationship although they are not both related in blood as Yuki was adopted.
 * Pre-Opening: The player makes choices to decide the story of the game, with the players character still very young. The first meeting of Hiyori occurs, who is a lost girl crying in the park. The game then presents the problems of the character that your choices led to.
 * Game: The players character is in the second year of senior high in the game (grade 11). A story about a character is presented to the player depending on the choices made in the last setting. Each story has a moving or tragic situation.
 * Voice: Most of the female characters you encounter have a very calm voice, though it depends on the situation.

title: Mizuiro