text:
AMD mobile platform

The AMD mobile platform is an open platform for laptops from AMD. Though little marketing was done on this platform, it has been competing with the Centrino platform in the segment to gain more marketshare. Each platform has its own specification, catching up the latest technology developments. Since the acquisition of ATI, AMD began to include Mobility Radeon GPUs and AMD chipsets as part of the requirements of the mobile platform; the first of such platforms is the Puma platform.

Open platform approach
In February 2007, AMD had announced the "Better by Design" initiative to continue the success of the open platform approach for desktop back in early 2003 after the launch of Athlon 64 processors with a lack of chipset being developed by AMD, and open the platform to chipset vendors such as VIA, SiS, NVIDIA and from AMD subsidiary ATI. The initiative also includes platforms succeeding the Kite Refresh mobile platform.

Under the "Better by Design" initiative, AMD introduced a three-cell arrow sticker to identify mobile platform products, which the top cell being the processor (as Turion 64 X2). The middle cell for graphics accelerators as NVIDIA or ATI (as a result of retaining the use of "ATI Radeon" branding for graphics ), including onboard graphics (IGP), while the last cell representing the wireless (Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.11 standard) or LAN solutions, provided by one of the following companies: Airgo, Atheros, Broadcom, Marvell, Qualcomm, and Realtek.

The stickers to be used will be further classified by the system performance according to the processor performance, and into five classes, each having different colours as well as different logos for each component, listed as follows:

Market analysis
According to AMD figures in December 2007, AMD mobile platform gained 19% unit share in the market and about 23% revenue share of the firm during Q3 2007 while competing with the Intel Centrino platform. Figures for Q1 and Q2 2007 are 15% and 17% unit share, accounting for 14% and 16% of the company's revenue respectively.

AMD's mobile platform, even as recent as the Turion 64 X2 platform, has been criticized as consistently performing worse than Intel's Centrino in all areas: system speed, heat dissipation, and battery life.

Initial platform (2003)
Launched in 2003, the initial platform for mobile AMD processors consists of:

Kite platform (2006)
Introduced in 2006, the Kite platform consists of:

Kite Refresh platform (2007)
AMD used Kite Refresh as the codenamed for the second-generation AMD mobile platform introduced in February 2007.

Puma platform (2008)
The Puma platform introduced in 2008 with June 2008 availability for the third-generation AMD mobile platform consists of:

Yukon platform (2009)
The Yukon platform was introduced on January 8, 2009, with expected April availability for the first AMD Ultrathin Platform targeting the ultra-portable notebook market.

Congo platform (2009)
The Congo platform was introduced in September 2009, as the second AMD Ultrathin Platform targeting the ultra-portable notebook market.

Tigris platform (2009)
The Tigris platform introduced in September 2009 for the AMD Mainstream Notebook Platform consists of:

Nile platform (2010)
The Nile platform introduced on May 12, 2010, for the third AMD Ultrathin Platform consists of:

Danube platform (2010)
The Danube platform introduced on May 12, 2010, for the AMD Mainstream Notebook Platform consists of:

Brazos (Fusion) platform (2011)
The AMD low-power platform introduced on January 4, 2011, is designed for HD netbooks and other emerging form factors. It features the 40 nm C-Series (formerly codenamed Ontario, a 9-watt APU for netbooks and small form factor desktops and devices) and E-Series (formerly codenamed Zacate, an 18-watt TDP APU for ultrathin, mainstream, and value notebooks as well as desktops and all-in-ones) APUs. Both low-power APU versions feature two Bobcat x86 cores and fully support DirectX11, DirectCompute (Microsoft programming interface for GPU computing) and OpenCL (cross-platform programming interface standard for multi-core x86 and accelerated GPU computing). Both also include UVD 3 dedicated hardware acceleration for HD video including 1080p resolutions. This platform consists of:

Sabine (Fusion) platform (2011)
The Sabine platform introduced on June 30, 2011, for the AMD Mainstream Notebook Platform consists of:

Comal (Fusion) platform (2012)
The Comal platform introduced on May 15, 2012, for the AMD Mainstream Notebook Platform consists of:

title: AMD mobile platform


text:
Talk:Theodore Sedgwick

Party
Did Sedgwick belong to a political party?
 * The article says that he was a member of the Federalist party. CitationsFreak (talk) 02:56, 10 July 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Theodore Sedgwick


text:
Talk:Azusa, California

Images
Can anyone find a good (at least 150x150 pixel) image of the city seal? It would be nice to add this to the top of the sidebar. Joshers 17:17, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Citations missing
I've tagged this article as citations missing. I think that the introduction (which I added a citation to earlier) as well as the Transport and Trivia sections have information that needs to be cited. I will also probably add that the assumption that the name is a compaction of "everything from A to Z in the USA" is derived from a Jack Benny joke when I think of a good way to word it. VagueHorizon 23:33, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

No passenger rail service to Anaheim in the 1930s - 40s?
This can't be right. When I used to take Amtrak in the late 1970s between Del Mar and LAUS there was a fairly large slightly Spanish-style station which couldn't possibly have been built much later than the early 1930s. It is true that the station was out of service in the 1970s, that being a low point for passenger rail service in California, but it was obvious that it had been built as a full service station, with counter staff and a baggage room. Had ATSF already taken this station out of service by the time the Jack Benny Show was on the air? I doubt it.

If I can find a cite or old schedule to back this up, I'll edit the passage.Pithecanthropus4152 (talk) 00:03, 24 October 2015 (UTC)
 * The long-running joke indeed existed! I remember it!   But, I don't think it reflected reality.  I very much doubt that there was a train with that route.   2601:1C2:4E02:3020:ED97:9D32:E83F:E619 (talk) 03:30, 24 June 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
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Azusa shooting
Does anyone have any local media coverage of this to build the article? Ranze (talk) 06:16, 9 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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How the Japanese see "Azusa".
梓 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 112.205.237.47 (talk) 04:49, 21 August 2018 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Azusa, California
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Azusa, California's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "cc": From Lakewood, California:  From Corona, California:  From South El Monte, California:  From Duarte, California:  From Redondo Beach, California:

 From Covina, California:  From Hermosa Beach, California:  From Norwalk, California:

From Temple City, California:

From Santa Monica, California:

From Santa Clarita, California:

From Rosemead, California:

From Rancho Palos Verdes, California:

From Glendale, California:

From Diamond Bar, California:

From Calabasas, California:

From Monterey Park, California:

From San Marino, California:

From Fontana, California:

From Burbank, California:

From Moreno Valley, California:

From La Cañada Flintridge, California:

From Hawaiian Gardens, California:

From Rolling Hills, California:

From Pomona, California:

From Montclair, California:

From Fullerton, California:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 12:26, 16 April 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Azusa, California


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/I Cup

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 07:42, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

I Cup
not encyclopediac, not notable. Account of a childish joke. Was tagged as a speedy, but does not fit WP:PN. Delete DES (talk) 17:17, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as G1 (no meaningful content) and G2 (test). If this is not a candidate for speedy deletion in the eyes of the admin at hand, I vote delete as utterly non-encyclopedic. Aecis 17:48, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * IMO there is meaningful content. This describes a joke that many children do in fact make. If there were more about why this sort of thing is amusing to children of a certian age, and how adults react, and if that were sourced and not original research, it might even be a valid article. As it stands that is not enough useful content for a worthwhile article, IMO, but this is not patent nonsense in the quite restricted sense that justifies a speedy -- all IMO of course. If another admin speedys it, that is that admin's judgement. DES (talk) 18:16, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Bobblewik 19:02, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Wikipedia isn't a joke book. -- Kjkolb 03:48, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Clasp your hands above your head and while holding them there, spell the word "image" and then say light bulb. Qaz  ( talk ) 08:19, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * REDIRECT to Brassiere... I think Japan has I-cup bra sizes, which is the equivalent of an American single-D. 67.71.169.168 05:29, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/I Cup


text:
Kramer (musician)

Mark Kramer (born Stephen Michael Bonner, 1958 in New York City, United States) known professionally as Kramer, is a musician, composer, record producer and founder of the New York City record label Shimmy-Disc. He was a full-time member of the bands New York Gong, Shockabilly, Bongwater, has played on tour (usually on bass guitar) with bands such as Butthole Surfers, B.A.L.L., Ween, Half Japanese and The Fugs (1984 reunion tour), and has also performed regularly with John Zorn and other improvising musicians of New York City's so-called "downtown scene" of the 1980s.

Kramer's work as a producer has been with bands such as Galaxie 500 (whose entire oeuvre he produced), Low (whom he discovered and produced), Bowery Electric, Half Japanese, White Zombie, GWAR, King Missile, Danielson Famile, Will Oldham, Daniel Johnston, and Urge Overkill, including their hit cover of "Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon".

Early music career
Kramer's first experience in the New York music scene came when he played in the band New York Gong, led by Daevid Allen, in 1979 and 1980. Kramer played organ on one song on their 1979 album About Time.

In 1980, Kramer joined the band The Chadbournes, led by Eugene Chadbourne, which also included David Licht, Tom Cora and John Zorn. They played together until Chadbourne, Kramer and Licht formed the band Shockabilly, which toured internationally from 1982 until 1985. The band dissolved while on a US tour early in 1985. That tour included a brief trip through Texas with the then-unknown Butthole Surfers. Forging a close friendship with co-founding Butthole Surfers members Gibby Haynes and Paul Leary, Kramer was available when the band needed to replace their bassist later that year. Kramer bought a Höfner Beatle bass and joined the Butthole Surfers' for a string of shows in the USA, and for the band's debut European tour in 1985. Prior to his purchase of Noise New York, he recorded several songs from the band's "Rembrandt Pussy Horse" LP there, including "Florida" and "Two Parter".

Production and studio
After touring, Kramer took over a New York recording studio named Noise New York, using a loan of $5,000 from an uncle. The studio was to serve as a mainstay for artists and bands both local and international, and Kramer became one of the busiest indie music producers in New York City. The first recording at Noise New York was the Buttholes' rendition of "American Woman".

Kramer formed the record label Shimmy-Disc two years later in 1987 and enjoyed critical acclaim, releasing 105 albums before shutting down in 1999. Artists who recorded with Kramer at Noise New York or Noise New Jersey and released music on his label include King Missile, GWAR, Boredoms, Damon & Naomi, Daniel Johnston, Jad Fair, Tuli Kupferberg, B.A.L.L. and Ween, Lidda Husik, Uncle Wiggly, Hugh Hopper, Daevid Allen, and others.

The label remained a favorite at college radio stations throughout the 1980's and 90's.

Bongwater
In the early 1980s Kramer met Ann Magnuson, New York City performance artist, when he ran the sound for a band she was in, Pulsallama, during their frequent performances at Club 57. After Pulsallama disbanded in 1984, the two began to collaborate, and in 1986 they formed Bongwater. Together they released five LPs, including Double Bummer, and culminating with their 1991 swansong, The Big Sell-Out. In 1991 they began a romantic relationship while Kramer was separated from his estranged wife. After several months, Kramer decided to end the romantic relationship and reconcile with his wife, and the end of the relationship also spelled the end of the band. Several months later, Magnuson sued Kramer for $4.5 million for breach of contract, among other charges, and Kramer responded with a counter-suit. The subsequent legal battle resulted in the financial crippling of the Shimmy-Disc label, which never recovered. The lawsuits were eventually settled out of court in 1997 for undisclosed terms.

Association with Penn & Teller
A pivotal moment in Kramer's early career came when Jad Fair of Half Japanese introduced him to Penn & Teller. Kramer soon found himself working eight shows per week as Sound Consultant on Penn & Teller's 1987 Broadway show, and composing the music for their Cruel Tricks for Dear Friends special. In 1992, Kramer formed the band the Captain Howdy with Penn Jillette, and together with guest artists Debbie Harry (of Blondie) and Billy West, they made two highly eclectic CDs together, both released on Shimmy-Disc. Following Penn's permanent relocation to Las Vegas in 1997, the group disbanded.

Collaboration with other artists
In 1988 Kramer & Jad Fair released the record Roll Out the Barrel together on Kramer's Shimmy-Disc label. They reunited in 1998 and published the record ''The Sound of Music. An Unfinished Symphony in 12 Parts'' that year. In 2020, they released their 3rd collaboration, "The History of Crying" on Kramer's newly relaunched Shimmy-Disc label.

In 1990 Kramer first met the two-man band Ween when they played a show at a small New York club, the Pyramid Club. Kramer struck up a friendship with the two, who had already been fans of his Shimmy-Disc label. He signed them to Shimmy-Disc, and released their new double-LP The Pod. In January 1992, THE WEEN went on a brief tour of England with Kramer on bass and Claude Coleman Jr on drums, culminating with the recording of 4 songs from THE POD for a John Peel Session at the BBC.

In 2023, Shimmy-Disc released Kramer's duo collaboration with new-age pioneer Laraaji, entitled "Baptismal", and a remixed & remastered double-LP by Allen Ginsberg (originally produced by Hal Willner in 1989 as a single LP) titled "The Lion For Real", re-titled for this re-release as "The Lion For Real, Re-Born", featuring Marc Ribot, Arto Lindsay, Bill Frisell and many other musicians hand-picked by Willner. The double-LP features 8 songs from the original recording sessions that were not included on the original 1989 LP, concluding with two 'undiscovered' poems set to music by Kramer himself.

Also in 2023, Shimmy-Disc released a six-EP limited-edition wooden box set of 7" vinyl featuring Britta Phillips (Luna), Paul Leary (Butthole Surfers), Rob Crow (Pinback), Jad Fair (Half Japanese) & Danielson, and David Grubbs (Gastr Del Sol).

In 2024, Shimmy-Disc released Kramer's collaborations with Pan American (Mark K. Nelson of Labradford, Anjou, etc) entitled "Reverberations of Non-Stop Traffic on Redding Road", and with Japanese composer Kato Hideki entitled "The Walk", the latter having been inspired by the writings of Swiss prose master Robert Walser and Japanese Haiku master Basho. Both LPs jackets feature photography by Rudy Royston. Among his numerous forthcoming collaborations for Shimmy-Disc are a spoken-word+music LP of poems by Edgar Allan Poe featuring Joan As Police Woman, Thurston Moore, Teller, Anne Waldman, Lydia Lunch and others, and the debut LP from his newest live trio 'SQUANDERERS', with David Grubbs and Wendy EISENBERG.

Changes in ownership of studio and record label
In 1992 Kramer sold his Noise New York recording studio and moved just across the Hudson River, where he'd found a house going into foreclosure with a state-of-the-art 24-track recording studio built in. He dubbed the studio Noise New Jersey, and continued to produce recordings there, including, most famously, Urge Overkill's cover of "Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon".

Shortly following the sale of Shimmy-Disc and his recording facility to the Knitting Factory in 1998 (in which he was contracted to play a continuing role in the label as producer and Director of A&R), Kramer sued the Knitting Factory for breach of contract and soon found himself without a creative base for the first time in his professional career. This experience left him emotionally devastated and looking to exit the music business without delay.

Film and theater
Kramer turned to his lifelong passion in film and theater, and in late 2000, he began studying directing under film and stage director Arthur Penn, whom he had met in 1989 when Penn directed Penn & Teller Get Killed. Kramer spent the better part of four years at New York's Actors Studio, where, in addition to learning directing, he did sound design and music for various productions at the Actors Studio Free Theater on 42nd street. This phase of Kramer's career culminated in 2002 when he composed the music for Fortune's Fool, the Tony Award-winning Broadway play directed by Arthur Penn. Kramer had been appointed assistant director on Arthur Penn's next Broadway play (Sly Fox) when his mother Rosalyn was stricken with a debilitating stroke, which drew him to Florida in 2003. She died 16 months later.

Work with the James Randi Educational Foundation
After moving to the Fort Lauderdale area, Kramer worked for the James Randi Educational Foundation from 2004 until February 2006. His main job was to manage the foundation's One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge. Kramer also maintained the foundation's video library and oversaw the digital transfer of over 700 archival VHS tapes to DVD, comprising the most complete document of the life and career of James Randi.

Recent activities
Kramer is associated with the formation of the "slowcore" movement because of his production work for Low and Galaxie 500.

From 2003 to 2023, Kramer operated a private CD/LP mastering and mixing studio in Florida. In 2006, he announced the return of his record company under the name Second-Shimmy. The debut release in October 2006 was I Killed the Monster - 21 Artists Performing the Songs by Daniel Johnston, featuring performances by Dot Allison, Fair & Kramer, Daniel Smith & Sufjan Stevens, Kimya Dawson, R. Stevie Moore, Major Matt Mason USA, Jeff Lewis, Mike Watt, and many others. The label released 5 CDs and ceased operations.

In 2006, Kramer produced Exaltation of Larks, a solo release from Dot Allison for which he acted as arranger and played most of the instruments. The LP was released in September 2007 on Cooking Vinyl in the UK and P-Vine in Japan.

Kramer premiered his composition "Things to Come" in Tokyo in 2007. Hoping to perform the piece annually, he performed it in Tel Aviv in 2008, Melbourne in 2009 and Paris in 2010. In January 2008, Kramer toured 14 cities in 14 days in Japan with Mike Watt and Samm Bennett in a "dueling bass" trio named Brother's Sister's Daughter.

In 2012 Kramer released The Brill Building on John Zorn's Tzadik label, an album of cover songs written in the Brill Building in the early 1960s. In 2017, Tzadik followed that release with Kramer's The Brill Building, Book Two, featuring guitar performances by Bill Frisell.

In January 2020, Kramer was named one of the 12 curators of the Joyful Noise Recordings White Label Series, with David Lynch, Lydia Lunch, Son Lux and others. On April 29, 2020, Joyful Noise Recordings also named Kramer its 2020 Artist-in-Residence, and simultaneously announced a new partnership with Kramer for the rebirth of his Shimmy-Disc label. The first release by the label was from Let It Come Down, Kramer's recording project with U.K. vocalist Xan Tyler. Their debut LP, titled "Songs We Sang in Our Dreams", was released on June 12, 2020. The A.I.R. series culminated in a five-LP box set of Kramer projects.

The A.I.R. box also includes "Words and Music", Kramer's spoken-word LP in which he sets music to the voices of poets and writers as diverse as Allen Ginsberg, Gregory Corso, Terry Southern, Tina May Hall, Christine Schutt, Scott McClanahan and others, and his first full-length 'ambient cinema' releases, "Music for Pianos and Sunflowers", and "Music for Films Edited by Moths", collaborating with Dutch multi-disciplinary artist Tinca Veerman on a series of videos for each piece of music. Another collaboration with Tinca Veerman followed in 2024, when he was commissioned by her to compose the music for her Amsterdam installation at De Hallen, "We Are Passengers".

In November 2021, Kramer released "And The Wind Blew It All Away" (his first solo LP of original songs since 1998's "Songs From The Pink Death"). All of the performances were recorded alone in his Florida studio.

In 2022, Kramer re-mixed the first demos recorded in 1994 by Josh Haden for his band Spain, and released them on Shimmy-Disc as "World Of Blue", featuring many of the songs eventually included on Spain's debut LP, "The Blue Moods of Spain".

As a filmmaker, Kramer has created over 60 music videos and short films he refers to as 'Ambient-Cinema', following his lifelong quest to bring quiet music and cinema into a single artform.

As of January 2023, Kramer lives in a small town near Asheville, North Carolina, where he continues his activities as a composer/producer and maintains a modest recording/mixing/mastering facility in his home.

Discography

 * The Guilt Trip (1992)
 * The Secret of Comedy (1994)
 * Let Me Explain Something to You About Art (1998)
 * Songs from the Pink Death (1998)
 * The Greenberg Variations (2003)
 * The Brill Building (2012)
 * The Brill Building, Book Two w/Bill Frisell (2017)
 * Songs We Sang In Our Dreams w/ Let It Come Down (2020)
 * Music for Pianos and Sunflowers (2021)
 * Words and Music (2021)
 * And The Wind Blew It All Away (2021)
 * Music for Films Edited by Moths (2022)

title: Kramer (musician)


text:
Talk:Multiple sclerosis/to do

MS has effects that extend beyond simply the loss of the myelin sheath. Some axons are shown to be destroyed, likely as a result of inflammatory processes in the overlapping myelin. Thus, while the innate cause of multiple sclerosis is not established, axon loss certainly could be a contributor in its visible functional deficits. Mp214 (talk) 15:50, 25 April 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Multiple sclerosis/to do


text:
Illinois Route 155

Illinois Route 155 is an east–west state highway in southwestern Illinois. It runs from Fort de Chartres – outside of Prairie du Rocher – to Illinois Route 3 in Ruma. This is a distance of approximately 10.81 mi.

Route description
Illinois 155 serves as a spur from Illinois Route 3 through Prairie du Rocher and on to Fort de Chartres. It is recognized as a spur of the Great River Road. It is also part of the Lincoln Heritage Trail. Illinois 155 is a two-lane road from Fort de Chartres all the way to Illinois 3.

History
Illinois Route 155 was established in 1924 with the second batch of SBI routes. Its route has not changed since 1924.

title: Illinois Route 155


text: User:Marco Bonavoglia/draft

title: User:Marco Bonavoglia/draft


text:
Shirley LeFlore

Shirley LeFlore (1940–2019) was an American poet, one of St. Louis' most influential performance art poets. Before she became a board member for Word In Motion, she split her time between performances in New York City and teaching creative writing at the University of Missouri–St. Louis. One of the premiere women's voices in St. Louis, Shirley has been a part of many underground activists poetry organizations including the Black Artists' Group and Harmony. Brassbones and Rainbows, a collection of her work, is available from 2-Leaf Press.

LeFlore was also a recipient of the Warrior Poet Award from Word in Motion in 2005.

She died from renal failure at her home in Frontenac, Missouri on May 12, 2019.

title: Shirley LeFlore


text:
Hozumi Hasegawa

Hozumi Hasegawa (長谷川 穂積) is a Japanese former professional boxer who competed from 1999 to 2016. He is the first Japanese boxer to win world titles in three weight classes, having held the WBC bantamweight title from 2005 to 2010; the WBC featherweight title from 2010 to 2011; and the WBC super-bantamweight title in 2016. Hasegawa received MVP awards from the Japan Boxing Commission in 2005, 2006, 2008, and 2009 for his title defenses, and is the first Japanese boxer to have defended a bantamweight world title more four times.

Professional career
Born as the second of five children in Nishiwaki, Hyōgo, Hasegawa made his professional debut in 1999. Despite losing two four-round fights by decision early in his career, he defeated Jesse Maca by 12-round decision in 2003 to win the OPBF bantamweight title, which he defended three times before returning the belt on December 20, 2004.

Bantamweight
Hasegawa fought long-time champion Veeraphol Sahaprom on April 16, 2005, at Nippon Budokan. Sahaprom had defended the WBC bantamweight title against ten contenders over six years, and had not been defeated for almost a decade. Hasegawa fought effectively, leading the first four rounds, before Sahaprom fought back to win the middle rounds. Sahaprom tired in the later rounds, allowing Hasegawa to become more aggressive, shaking Sahaprom in round 10. The fight went to a decision, and the judges gave Hasegawa a 3–0 victory, ending Sahaprom's long reign over the bantamweight division.

Hasegawa made his first title defense on September 25, 2005, at Yokohama Arena. Hasegawa was originally scheduled to fight WBC top-ranked contender Diego Morales. However, Morales backed out of the fight due to an injury, and the eighth-ranked contender, Geraldo Martinez, was hastily called up as a substitute. Hasegawa had been sparring with southpaws in preparation to fight Morales, who was a southpaw, but the change to Martinez meant he would now be fighting an orthodox style fighter. Hasegawa took an early lead in the fight, knocking Martinez down twice in the 2nd round (ruled as slips by the referee), and once in the 3rd round. Hasegawa put Martinez down again early in the 7th with a dazzling left straight, and the fight erupted into a massive slugfest between the two fighters. Hasegawa knocked Martinez down two more times in the same round, prompting the referee to stop the fight. Hasegawa marked his first title defense with a TKO victory. This was also the day of his wedding anniversary.

On March 25, 2006, Hasegawa returned to fight in his hometown, Kobe, for the first time after becoming world champion. Hasegawa's opponent for his second title defense was again Veeraphol Sahaprom, who had compiled five consecutive wins to become the top-ranked WBC contender after losing his title to Hasegawa a year ago. It was rumored that Sahaprom had not been in top condition when he lost to Hasegawa, and many speculated that Sahaprom had not fought to the best of his ability in the previous fight. Both fighters started off slowly, but Hasegawa's shots gradually began to land on Sahaprom, and almost knocked out Sahaprom with a powerful left uppercut in the 6th. Sahaprom fought back in the 7th and 8th rounds, landing body shots, but Hasegawa landed a stunning right hook only ten seconds into the 9th round to knock out Sahaprom. Since Hasegawa suffered a left sternal fracture in June 2006, the scheduled defense on July 15 was postponed.

The third title defense took place on November 13, 2006, at Nippon Budokan, where Hasegawa first won the title. The challenger was Mexican fighter Genaro Garcia, ranked 1st in the WBC. Hasegawa knocked Garcia down with a left uppercut in the 4th round, but Garcia showed surprising resilience, landing powerful body shots in the middle rounds. Hasegawa suffered a light cut in the 7th round, which was worsened by a head-butt from Garcia in the 8th. Hasegawa managed to knock down Garcia again in the 8th, though his own face was covered with blood, and his eye was practically sealed shut from the cut. Hasegawa showed able defensive skills to ride out the 12th round, and won with a unanimous 3-0 decision. After the fight, Hasegawa was visited by WBC super-flyweight Champion Masamori Tokuyama, who gave Hasegawa a hand-written letter challenging him for his bantamweight title. If the fight with Tokuyama had taken place, it would have been a huge match-up between two Japan-based world champions, but Hasegawa declined the offer, wanting to fight non-Japanese challengers instead. Tokuyama retired shortly afterwards.

Hasegawa fought undefeated challenger Simpiwe Vetyeka of South Africa on May 3, 2007, for the fourth defense of his title. Very little was known about the challenger, Vetyeka, except that he had an undefeated record (16-0-0), and had defended the South African bantamweight title five times, winning four of those fights by knockout. He was also said to have compiled an exceptional career in the amateur ring. The fight itself was rather anticlimactic, as there had been huge excitement about the May 3 card, which featured two other world title match-ups. Both Hasegawa and Vetyeka wanted to land counter punches, leading to a great deal of inactivity from both sides. Neither fighter seemed willing to expose themselves, and few hard punches were thrown in the early rounds of the fight. The open scoring system was used in the fight, and Hasegawa was leading in the judges' scorecards going into the later rounds, but Vetyeka continued to lie back and wait for Hasegawa to attack. Hasegawa finally stepped up to decisively win the final two rounds, and won his fourth defense with a unanimous decision. There was some frustration after the fight, because both Hasegawa and Vetyeka complained that one of the advertisements in the middle of the ring was causing their feet to slip. This was the first world title defense where Hasegawa was unable to knock down his opponent in the fight.

Hasegawa defended his title for the fifth time on January 10, 2008, with a 12-round unanimous decision victory against top-ranked WBC contender Simone Maludrottu. Hasegawa had transferred to the newly established Shinsei Boxing Gym in Kobe along with its founder and his trainer, Masato Yamashita, during the 8-month layoff since his last defense. Despite suffering a cut above his right eye early in the fight, Hasegawa dominated the fight to win by unanimous decision. This made him the first Japanese boxer to have defended a bantamweight world title over four times.

He defended it again for the sixth time, defeating Venezuela's Cristian Faccio with a second-round TKO on June 12, 2008.

Hasegawa fought on October 16, 2008, when he defended his title for the 7th time by taking on Mexican prospect Alejandro Valdez. Hasegawa won the fight by technical knockout in the second round.

His eighth title defense was a lot more impressive as he stopped Vusi Malinga in a single round on March 12, 2009.

He defended it again for the ninth time, defeating USA's Nestor Rocha with a first-round TKO on July 14, 2009.

He defended his title for the tenth time by knocking out Alvaro Perez on December 12, 2009.

End of title run
On April 30, 2010, Hasegawa challenged WBO 118-pound champion Fernando Montiel of Mexico. Although Montiel holds a title in the same division, it was not on the line because of JBC policy. At the bout, Hasegawa won the first three rounds, frustrating the Mexican visitor. In the fourth round Montiel landed an attack on Hasegawa, leaving the hometown fighter vulnerable for more blows. The referee declared an end and this was Hasegawa's first knockout loss. Aside from losing the match and the title, Hasegawa also suffered a shattered jaw. The injury was caused not by Montiel's barrage of attacks in the 4th round but by an impact Hasegawa took in the first round.

Featherweight
Following the bout with Montiel, Hasegawa went up two weight divisions and fight Juan Carlos Burgos for the vacant WBC featherweight crown on November 26, 2010 and won the WBC Featherweight Championship. Hasegawa was nominated as return of the year for the Best of 2010 awards by WBC, but was granted the most dramatic fight of the year for the match against Fernando Montiel, after all.

After being dethroned by Jhonny González in April 2011, Hasegawa hired a new trainer Frankie Liles in November 2011, in addition to his long-time trainer Yamashita, and has intensely trained with them.

Hasegawa was slated to make his return to the ring against the undefeated Mexican featherweight Carlos Felipe Felix on December 17, 2011. However, a broken right rib that he sustained during training caused the bout to be postponed until April 6, 2012. He stopped the opponent in the seventh round in that comeback appearance.

Super-bantamweight
In October 2012, it was announced that Hasegawa would move down a weight division to super-bantamweight in his next fight in December. He defeated Arturo Santos Reyes via a unanimous decision in Kobe on December 22, 2012. Hasegawa told that he had needed two years after winning the featherweight title to recapture his early style. He had suffered from lack of motivation to continue fighting during the two years after the death of his dearest mother and the tragedy of the aftermath of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan.

Hasegawa faced Genaro Camargo in a bout in Tokyo on August 12, 2013. He won by TKO in the first round.

Hasegawa fought for the IBF super-bantamweight title against reigning champion Kiko Martinez on April 23, 2014 in Osaka. In what many thought to be the last fight in the colorful career of Hasegawa, a back and forth contest erupted, with the Spaniard's one punch knockout power being the deciding factor as he urged a referee stoppage in 7th round following a brutal attack on his Japanese foe.

Following the Martinez bout, there were calls by many for Hasegawa to retire, as it seemed he was no longer the fighter he once was. However, Hasegawa returned to the ring on May 9, 2015 in Kobe against undefeated Mexican Horacio Garcia. He won the fight comfortably via UD over 10 rounds.

On September 15, 2016, Hasegawa defeated Hugo Ruiz by technical knockout to become WBC super-bantamweight champion. Later that year, on December 9, Hasegawa announced his retirement from boxing.

title: Hozumi Hasegawa


text: User talk:24.148.230.157

title: User talk:24.148.230.157


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Talk:Astronomer Royal

Date
Looking up dates for Astronomers Royal, in Wilkepedia I find the statement "the Astronomer Royal for Scotland, which dates from 1818" which is wrong. It dates from 1834. Not an auspicious start with Wilkepedia!!

Professor John C. Brown 10th Astronomer Royal for Scotland — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.11.163.132 (talk • contribs) 18:23, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Useful source
I don't have time to incorporate it into the article, but here's a newpaper article on the history and nature of the role Astronomers Royal, scientific advice and engineering Modest Genius talk 17:36, 13 September 2013 (UTC)

Stipend
Hundred quid a year??? Wow. There's a figure that should be inflation indexed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.217.215.148 (talk) 07:58, 19 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Since the post is nowadays an honorary one, there's no need for inflation-indexing; the Astronomer Royal will have that title in addition to other functions, from which he or she makes a living. Keeping the salary fixed at a hundred pounds a year underlines that honorary character of the post and also maintains historical tradition. SchnitteUK (talk) 11:46, 2 April 2019 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: History of Science
— Assignment last updated by K8shep (talk) 16:15, 22 March 2024 (UTC)

Article edits and reformating
I am reorganizing this article and adding some new information and sourcesAtghmb (talk) 16:20, 12 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Astronomer Royal


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Liucor

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete Ryan Norton T 00:16, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Liucor
This is just some uninformative advertising created by User:195.237.27.2, who also vandalised some other pages. Wempain 17:23, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Liucor is a very effective ... company with <5 Google hits oh no, it's not.   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   18:45, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. --Vsion 04:47, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Liucor


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Laura Rodríguez

Laura Fiora Rodríguez Riccomini (April 1, 1957 – July 18, 1992) was a Chilean political activist from the Humanist Party. In 1989 she became the world's first Humanist to win a seat in parliament, after claiming victory as part of the Concertación coalition.

Rodríguez was born in Santiago, Chile. She married Darío Ergas in 1978. She was active in and eventually became president of the Community for Human Development. She graduated as engineer from the University of Chile in 1983.

Rodríguez was co-founder of the Humanist Party in 1984 and was president of the party in 1990. She was elected to the Chilean parliament in 1989 for the La Reina-Peñalolén electoral district.

Rodríguez died of brain cancer in 1992.

title: Laura Rodríguez


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User:Bo

🇦🇩 🇦🇹 🇨🇦 🇪🇬 🇫🇷 🇩🇪 🇬🇷 🇮🇶 🇮🇹 🇰🇼 🇲🇽 🇲🇨 🇲🇦 🇸🇲 🇪🇸 🇨🇭 🇹🇷 🇬🇧 🇺🇸 🇻🇦

Traditionalist. Fan of the GPL. Living Fossil (I've written code for machines with Drum Drives)

The "Wiki" is a neat way to learn (the Article of the Day and its links are FUN to read).

I Update the Wiki with the Traditional Measures when I can.

I add to the Article when I actually know something significant about the subject.

I love History (Especially the Eastern Roman Empire)

title: User:Bo


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User talk:Decimator~enwiki

This message is regarding the article Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith. Please stop removing content from Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. [ contribs • block • [ block log ] ] - jredmond 17:24, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

This message is regarding the article Nazism. Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. [ contribs • block • [ block log ] ] -- Pgk 17:27, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. -- Pgk 17:35, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Blocked
Blocked
 * You have been blocked from Wikipedia for repeated vandalism of articles or talk pages. If you continue to vandalise articles when this block expires this account may face a longer block, and action may be taken against the individual engaged in the vandalism. - jredmond 17:38, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
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Renamed
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title: User talk:Decimator~enwiki


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Shadowmancer

Shadowmancer is a fantasy novel by G. P. Taylor, first published privately in 2002. It is a Christian allegory in the form of a fantasy adventure, akin to C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia. Taylor wrote the book to counteract what he saw as a rise in atheist propaganda in children's books such as His Dark Materials. It is the first of four books generally referred to as The Shadowmancer Quartet. The book was a number one best seller in the UK and the US.

Two thematic sequels named Wormwood and Tersias were also released soon after. A direct sequel named The Shadowmancer Returns: The Curse of Salamander Street that follows on where Shadowmancer left off was released in 2006.

The book has garnered some controversy for its negative portrayal of witches and pagans, whom it claims have been tricked by and worship the Devil. Despite this, Taylor claims to be "an authority on Wicca and paganism".

Plot summary
The fantasy story takes place in Whitby and concerns the evil sorcerer Reverend Obadiah Demurral who is seeking two powerful amulets, called the Keruvim, which he plans to use to control the elements and dominate the world. At the start of the book he purchases the first Keruvim (which takes the form of a golden statuette of a cherub) from an Ethiopian mercenary named Gebra Nubera.

He then uses the Keruvim to destroy a ship upon which the next Keruvim is prophesied to arrive, but when he surveys the wreckage he finds nothing.

The next day an Ethiopian boy named Raphah arrives searching for the Keruvim. He befriends the main character, an urchin named Thomas and reveals that he is a messenger from God (referred to as Riathamus here), and that Demurral is a Shadowmancer, a sorcerer who can control the dead. Despite not believing in God, Thomas agrees to assist Raphah in regaining the Keruvim because he wants revenge on Demurral for evicting him and his dying mother from their home.

They pursue Demurral and the Keruvim with the assistance of Thomas's tomboy friend Kate and the mysterious smuggler, Jacob Crane. During the story, Raphah, Kate and Jacob Crane, who all for their own individual reasons did not believe in God, do come to believe in him.

Eventually it is revealed that, in using the Keruvim, Demurral has unleashed a demonic race called the Glashan who were imprisoned at the dawn of time for rebelling against God. Led by the evil Pyratheon (the Devil), they join forces with Demurral so that they can find the other Keruvim and harness its power to overthrow God and rule the universe.

It is eventually revealed that Raphah is the other Keruvim, so Demurral and Pyratheon try to capture him, so that they can kill him and turn him into an Azimuth (a slave spirit) to activate the Keruvim's full power.

At the climax of the story Thomas, Kate and Raphah meet an angel referred to as a Seruvim (a play on the word Seraphim) named Raphael, who goes by the alias Abram Rickards. A showdown takes place in Demurral's church during which Raphah is killed and Pyratheon obtains the Keruvim. He recites the incantation to activate its power and the world is temporarily plunged into night. Pyratheon thinks he has succeeded in stealing the power of God and gloats. However Abram then reveals that while Raphah is dead it has no power and all Pyratheon has done is meddle with time. After Abram restores life to Raphah, the sun rises, Abram is revealed in his true form and Pyratheon and Demurral flee.

Abram tells Thomas, Kate and Jacob Crane to take the Keruvim away to another land so they leave aboard Crane's ship, The Magenta. However, in the closing page of the book it is revealed that they are being stealthily pursued by sea-demons known as Seloth.

Characters

 * Thomas Barrick: A rebellious but nihilistic street-urchin who harbours great resentment towards Obadiah Demurral for evicting himself and his sick mother from their home. He is the main character as most of the story is told from his point of view. His tough exterior masks a more vulnerable side. Ultimately he comes to accept God from his time spent with Raphah.
 * Kate Coglan: Tom's tomboy best friend who has always played the role of a big sister to him. It is stated that she "never cries" but soon after her introduction, when she encounters the demons at Demurral's command, her strong exterior disintegrates and she is revealed to be weak and ineffective when faced with true adversity. Throughout the book, she is shown to initially be cowardly, useless and dependent on others, until her resolve strengthens through her friendship with Thomas Raphah.
 * Raphah: A young holy man from Ethiopia with divine powers from God. A healer with a gentle, humorous disposition, he reveals a fiery side to his personality whenever confronted with evil or injustice. He is searching for the Keruvim, unaware that he himself is its twin.
 * Jacob Crane: A charismatic and sardonic smuggler who dresses in an elegant, dandified manner, Crane is strong, independent and opportunistic. Despite his veneer of selfishness and cynicism, he is an honourable man and genuinely cares about saving the world.
 * Obadiah Demurral: The books main antagonist, an evil sorcerer with an embittered, abrasive personality. While he was once a devout man of God, self-loathing and hardship drove him into evil. Demurral is shown to possess a deeply sadistic nature but is given to surprising moments of empathy. It is implied that he is not quite as powerful as he pretends to be.
 * Pyratheon: The satanic figure in the story, described as a tall, "beautiful" man with red hair and blue eyes. He is the leader of the Glashan, a demonic race who were imprisoned for trying to steal the power of God and is worshipped as a deity by witches and sorcerers. He has power over all dark creatures on earth and is described by Demurral as "the dark god of the universe." A Machiavellian figure, he is shown to be charming, witty, cold, calculating but with occasional fits of rage that cause him to act impulsively. In Wormwood, it is revealed that he is the younger brother of Lilith.
 * Abram Rickards/Raphael: A sharp-tongued angel with an eye for fashion, Raphael joins Thomas, Kate, Raphah and Jacob Crane during the latter part of their journey and wields a potent weapon known as the Sword of Mayence. He is a formidable fighter with misanthropic tendencies and an acerbic sense of humour.

Special edition
A special edition of Shadowmancer was released in 2003 containing an extra chapter that carried on where the book had left off. In the extra chapter Raphah and the Keruvim are snatched by the Seloth. Special editions of Wormwood and Tersias were also released.

Film rights
In 2004, a $4 million deal with Taylor was announced for the making of a $100 million film version by Fortitude Films, backed by Universal Pictures. Fortitude made it known that they wanted Mel Gibson to direct, with Donald Sutherland playing Demurral and Sean Bean as Jacob Crane. Fortitude paid Taylor $1 million for Shadowmancer and $1.8 million for Wormwood.

Locations
Reverend Obadiah Demurral's vicarage is based on the main building of Fyling Hall School.

Sequel
At the end of Shadowmancer, the effects of Pyratheon's use of the Keruvim to distort time and reality is also the beginning of G. P. Taylor's follow-up novel, Wormwood. The book's main protagonist, Dr. Sabian Blake, is studying the comet Wormwood when the sky-quake from the north hits the city of London.

Other uses
Shadowmancer was the name of a heavy metal band based in Maryland.

title: Shadowmancer


text: Category:Weather events

title: Category:Weather events


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Isaac Grünewald

Isaac Grünewald (2 September 1889 – 22 May 1946) was a Swedish-Jewish expressionist painter born in Stockholm. He was the leading and central name in the first generation of Swedish modernists from 1910 up until his death in 1946, in other words during almost his entire career spanning four decades. He was a highly productive painter as well as a writer and public speaker.

Biography
Having studied at an influential Swedish art school for three years, at age 19 Grünewald travelled with his friends Einar Jolin and Einar Nerman to Paris where they soon began studies at Henri Matisse's academy. In 1909 he gained recognition in his homeland when he exhibited his work with a group of Scandinavian artists known as The Young Ones.

He met his future wife Sigrid Hjertén in 1909 and encouraged her to study painting with him in Paris. Having married in 1911, Grünewald and Hjertén from 1912 on regularly exhibited together at home and abroad. Art historians nowadays often cite them as being responsible for introducing modernism to Sweden. At a time in history when antisemitism was both widespread and politically correct and women artists were frowned upon, their works were often the subject of ridicule in the press. In fact, recent research has shown that Grünewald who became the center of public controversy numerous times was the primary target of antisemitism in the Swedish press between 1910 and 1926.

Despite or because of his role as the leading and most controversial pioneer in Swedish modernism in his days, in Swedish journalism and literature, he is still sometimes being portrayed as, in effect, the embodiment of a classic Jewish caricature, with insinuations of his not having earned his success fairly; being an insignificant Matisse imitator as an artist but a genius as a businessman. In the 1920s, Grünewald began reaping major commercial successes. He created stage designs for the Royal Swedish Opera and other theaters. In 1925-26, he decorated the walls and ceiling in the minor hall (since renamed Grünewald Hall) at the Stockholm Concert Hall, site of the Nobel Prize ceremony, and in 1928 the walls of the Matchstick Palace. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.

Grünewald was a professor at the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts between 1932 and 1942 and in 1941 he opened his own art school. During the Second World War Grünewald worked at the renowned Rörstrand porcelain factory. He was awarded the Prince Eugen Medal in 1945.

His wife Sigrid Hjertén suffered from lifelong mental health problems that resulted in her being hospitalized for extended periods in the 1930s. Grünewald divorced Hjertén, who was then hospitalized permanently, in 1937 and remarried. In 1946 he and his second wife Märta Grundell were killed in an airplane crash. Grünewald was the father of three sons born in 1910, 1911 and 1940.

Manifesto
The author of numerous essays on art, during his influential 1918 exhibit at Stockholm's Liljevalchs Konsthall Isaac Grünewald published his manifesto The New Renaissance.

Commercial value
According to the Swedish copyright organization BUS, Grünewald is still the single artist whose sales bring the highest yearly income to Swedish art dealers among the modernists. At Stockholm auctionist Bukowski's spring auction in 2009, one of Grünewald's lesser known paintings was sold for 2.65 million crowns - about 340,000 US dollars.

title: Isaac Grünewald


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Joseph Devlin

Joseph Devlin (13 February 1871 – 18 January 1934) was an Irish journalist and influential nationalist politician. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for the Irish Parliamentary Party in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom (1902-1922 and 1929-1934). Later Devlin was an MP and leader of the Nationalist Party in the Parliament of Northern Ireland. He was referred to as "the duodecimo Demosthenes" by the Irish politician Tim Healy which Devlin took as a compliment.

Early years
Born at 10 Hamill Street in the Lower Falls area of Belfast, he was the fifth child of Charles Devlin (c.1839-1906), who was a self-employed 'jarvey', and his wife Elizabeth King (c.1841-1902), who sold groceries from their home; both were Catholics. Until he was twelve, he attended the nearby St. Mary's Christian Brothers' School in Divis Street, where he was educated in a more 'national' view of Irish history and culture than offered by the diocesan schools or the state system.

While working briefly as a clerk and in a pub, he showed an early gift for public speaking when he became chairman of a debating society founded in 1886 to commemorate the first Irish nationalist election victory in West Belfast. From 1891–1893 he was a journalist on the Irish News, then on the Freeman's Journal. He became associated with the Ancient Order of Hibernians (AOH), which he helped to establish in the 1890s. He became a lifelong opponent of its loyalist counterpart, the Orange Order. Devlin then worked at Samuel Young MP's brewery company, for which he was assistant manager of Kelly's Cellars, a Belfast pub, until 1902.

Politician
During the 1890s he was active as organiser in the anti-Parnellite Irish National Federation in eastern Ulster. When William O'Brien founded the United Irish League (UIL) in County Mayo in 1898, Devlin founded the UIL section in Belfast which became his political machine in Ulster. He was elected unopposed as Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) Member of Parliament for Kilkenny North in the February 1902 by-election. His first political assignment came that year when the Party sent him to Irish Americas on the first of several successful fund-raising missions. In his first four month tour of the USA, he addressed 160 meetings, raised £3000 and established 184 branches of the United Irish League of America.

It was there that he encountered the power of the Hibernian Orders and on his return set about claiming it for constitutional nationalism, when in 1904 he became lifelong Grandmaster of the AOH in Ireland. Members of his Order, largely composed of earlier members of the Molly Maguires, a militant secret society also known as the Mollies, also became members of the Irish Party, deeply infiltrating it. Already secretary of the London-based United Irish League of Great Britain Devlin became General Secretary of O’Brien's UIL, replacing John O'Donnell, through the initiative of deputy IPP leader John Dillon MP, with whom he held a close alliance and who had fallen under his influence. This "coup" gave them nationwide control of the 1200 UIL branches, the organisational base of the IPP, depriving O'Brien of all authority.

Devlin had risen in the ranks of the League from being a local Nationalist organiser in Belfast to becoming the only newcomer to the parliamentary party who was accepted politically, as an equal by the established leaders. He was devoted to Dillon who had helped him greatly to his rise to prominence, and Dillon in turn relied greatly on him, not alone for both his control of the UIL and the AOH, but also because he was an outstanding representative of Ulster Nationalism.

Immense influence
He became a distinguished parliamentarian and had reached the top by the skilful use of two remarkable talents, his persuasive and very powerful oratory, and secondly, that he was a great organisation man, not merely as General Secretary of the United Irish League, but because he also dominated the Ancient Order of Hibernians. He was the only member of the younger generation to belong to the innermost circle of the IPP leadership and was widely seen as eventual heir-apparent.

For some years Devlin had been in bitter conflict with the bishops' Catholic Association who wanted politics based on Catholic rights rather than on nationalism. Now in control of the three nationalist political organisations all sides succumbed to Devlin's influence. The AOH continued the O'Connellite link between Catholicism and nationalism but under a lay controlled organisations. To the Irish party's opponents the AOH was synonymous with Catholic sectarianism, jobbery and patronage. Rivals such as Jim Larkin called it the "Ancient Order of Catholic Orangemen". Devlin represented the main urban and national business interests, which contrasted with his advocacy of social reforms when he took up labour issues especially working conditions in the linen mills and textile trades.

In the 1906 British general election, Devlin was re-elected to Kilkenny North, and also to Belfast West which he regained from the Unionists by 16 votes. Choosing to retain the Belfast seat, he served as its MP beyond 1918, when his popularity in Belfast and east Ulster survived the downfall of the IPP. Devlin became governor of the nationalist hinterland after his AOH political machinery rapidly saturated the country, acting through the UIL as the militant support organisation of the Irish Party. Devlin could assure John Redmond leader of the IPP, that at Redmond's bid, his organisation could provide full attendance of suitable "supporters" at any meeting, demonstration or convention throughout Ireland, something Redmond and his party often availed of.

The AOH was vehemently opposed by one nationalist organisation, the Munster based All-for-Ireland League (AFIL), an independent party founded by William O'Brien who held Devlin's AOH as being at the root of widespread religious intimidation and sectarianism. He and his followers were attacked at a UIL Convention in Dublin in February 1909 by 400 militant "Mollies" organised by Devlin to silence him and his followers at what became known as the "Baton Convention".

Home Rule compromised
With the involvement of Ireland on the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, Devlin sided with Redmond's decision in supporting recruiting for Britain's and the Allied war effort and voluntary enlistment of National Volunteers in Irish regiments of the New Service Army. Redmond's plan was that, post-war, an intended 'Irish Brigade' and the National Volunteers would provide the basis for an Irish army, capable of enforcing Home Rule on reluctant Ulster Unionists. Devlin saw loyalty to the Empire as part of the deal for home rule. At a recruitment rally he said "We told the British people that if they gave Ireland that autonomy that inspired the loyalty of her colonies [...] Ireland would give the treasure of her blood and her allegiance to that Empire which, when it gives freedom constitutes itself the mightiest factor in the progress of human liberty". The Republican James Connolly wrote of the 'Wee Bottlewasher' as 'a recruiting sergeant luring to their deaths the men who trusted him and voted him into power.'

After the 1916 Easter Rising, Devlin compromised with Northern Nationalists on a temporary six-county exclusion to assist Lloyd George's abortive home rule negotiations, organising a convention which endorsed exclusion by a vote of 475 to 265. On the other hand, during the Irish Convention he sided with the bishops in blocking Redmond's compromise with Southern Unionists on Home Rule. In April 1918 Devlin was signatory to the anti- Conscription Crisis of 1918 pledge. At the end of the war he was elected Nationalist MP for Belfast Falls in the 1918 general election (in which he defeated Éamon de Valera of Sinn Féin), one of the very few Irish Parliamentary Party MPs to retain their seats against the Sinn Féin landslide.

Minority leader
During 1919–1921, his leadership was reduced to six Nationalist MPs. His attempts to achieve a united nationalist front was undermined because of resentment by west Ulster nationalists of his acceptance of temporary partition as the price for a Home Rule settlement in 1916. He avoided any involvement in All-Ireland politics having accepted that the mandate had passed to Sinn Féin. Although, when he tried to bring up the Croke Park killings that occurred on Bloody Sunday at Westminster, he was shouted down and physically attacked by Conservative MP John Elsdale Molson; the Speaker had to suspend the sitting.

In February 1920, Devlin was certain that a Parliament would be set up for six Counties within Ulster: "This will mean the worst form of partition and, of course, permanent partition... we Catholics and Nationalists could not, under any circumstances, consent to be placed under the domination of a parliament so skilfully established as to make it impossible for us to be ever other than a permanent minority, with all the sufferings and tyranny of the present day continued, only in a worse form." Speaking in the British House of Commons on the day the Government of Ireland Act 1920 was passed, Devlin made clear the feelings of many Nationalists concerning partition and the setting up of a Northern Ireland Parliament:

In order not to prevent a Ulster Unionists "walk-over" win in the first election for the Northern Ireland House of Commons (1921), Devlin agreed to a pact with de Valera - Nationalists would not stand for election against Sinn Féiners; both parties co-operated during the election and won 6 seats each, the Unionists 40. Devlin, who represented a more moderate nationalist view, was elected for both Antrim and Belfast West. He chose to sit for Belfast West although his seat in the seven member Antrim constituency was left vacant for the rest of the Parliament. He continued to sit at Westminster as leader of the Nationalist Party of Northern Ireland, as both small parties did not recognise the Stormont parliament. His Belfast Falls seat was abolished in 1922, when Devlin unsuccessfully fought Liverpool Exchange; he returned to Westminster in 1929.

Devlin was re-elected in Belfast West in 1925 when he decided to lead his small party out of abstentionism and sat for the first time in the Parliament of Northern Ireland as head of a powerless opposition, but so as to highlight Catholic grievances, especially in relation to education. He was returned for the four member constituency until Proportional Representation by the Single Transferable Vote was abolished for territorial constituencies and single member seats were introduced for the 1929 election.

In 1927, Devlin was urged by Alfie Byrne to stand in the Irish general election (for a seat in the Dublin parliament) but he refused saying "If I do that, the poor people of Belfast, who have stood by me loyally for the past thirty years and who are undergoing the tortures of the damned will, I fear, think I am taking this opportunity of slipping out of a difficult position."

From 1929 until his death, Joe Devlin was the Northern Ireland MP for Belfast Central. He won amendment to the Northern Ireland Education Act of 1930 which improved the funding of Catholic schools. Otherwise they were years of demoralisation for northern Catholics, and the party abstained after 1932 due to the abolishment of proportional representation, when frustration finally drove him and his followers out of the Belfast parliament again, when his party abstained.

After his death, James Craig, the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and leader of the Ulster Unionist Party, said, "He and I were in opposite political camps for over thirty years, and fought for our respective parties, necessarily at times with keen enmity, but throughout I have never entertained anything but admiration for his personal character.".

Personal background
"Wee Joe", as he was popularly known, was held in high affection by his constituents for his charming and effervescent personality. He was a fluent and powerful orator. In later years he was comfortably off as director of the Distillery Company and chairman of the Irish News, and enjoyed organising summer fêtes – "days of delight" – for Belfast children. His approach in life was 'getting things done'. He lived most of his life in Belfast, though he spent some earlier years in London. An acknowledged spokesman and leader of Catholic nationalists in Ulster for decades, Devlin died in Belfast on 18 January 1934. He was buried at Milltown Cemetery. His funeral at St. Peter's, Belfast, was attended by leading members of both Irish governments. The AOH hall in Ardboe, County Tyrone, is named after him.

He never married.

title: Joseph Devlin


text:
Ananda Shankar

Ananda Shankar (11 December 1942 – 26 March 1999) was an Indian musician, singer, and composer best known for fusing Western and Eastern musical styles. He was married to dancer and choreographer Tanusree Shankar.

Life
Born in Almora, Uttar Pradesh (now in Uttarakhand), North India, Shankar was the son of Amala Shankar and Uday Shankar, who were popular dancers of Bengali heritage, and also the nephew of sitar player Ravi Shankar. He studied in The Scindia School, Gwalior. Ananda did not learn sitar from his uncle but studied instead with Lalmani Misra at Banaras Hindu University. He died in Kolkata on 26 March 1999 aged 56 from cardiac failure.

Professional career
In the late 1960s, Shankar travelled to Los Angeles, where he played with many contemporary musicians including Jimi Hendrix. There he was signed to Reprise Records and released his first album, Ananda Shankar, in 1970, with original Indian classical material alongside sitar-based cover versions of popular hits, The Rolling Stones' "Jumpin' Jack Flash" and The Doors' "Light My Fire". The album is included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

Returning to India in the early 1970s, Shankar continued to experiment musically and in 1975 released his most critically acclaimed album, Ananda Shankar and His Music, a jazz-funk mix of Eastern sitar, Western rock guitar, tabla and mridangam, drums and Moog synthesizers. Out of print for many years, the album was re-released on CD in 2005.

After working in India during the late 1970s and 1980s, Shankar's profile in the West began to rise again in the mid-1990s as his music found its way into club DJ sets, particularly in London. His music was brought to a wider audience with the release of Blue Note Records' 1996 rare groove compilation album, Blue Juice Vol. 1., including two tracks from Ananda Shankar and His Music, "Dancing Drums" and "Streets of Calcutta".

In the late 1990s, Shankar worked and toured in the United Kingdom with the London DJ State of Bengal and others, a collaboration that resulted in the Walking On album, featuring Shankar's trademark sitar soundscapes mixed with breakbeat and hip hop. Walking On was released in 2000 after Shankar's death the previous year.

In 2005 his music was said to be a major inspiration to the DJ duo Amorphous Androgynous / The Future Sound of London on their live show on BBC 6Mix called A Monstrous Psychedelic Bubble Exploding in Your Mind vol. 7

In 2010 and 2011, his music appeared in the following episodes of the NBC comedy show Outsourced:

In 2015, his cover of "Jumpin' Jack Flash" was featured in an episode of Master of None.

Discography

 * Ananda Shankar, 1970 (LP, Reprise 6398; CD, Collectors' Choice CCM-545)
 * Ananda Shankar and His Music, 1975 (EMI India)
 * India Remembers Elvis, 1977 (EP, EMI India S/7EPE. 3201)
 * Missing You, 1977 (EMI India)
 * A Musical Discovery of India, 1978 (EMI India)
 * Sa-Re-Ga Machan, 1981 (EMI India)
 * 2001, 1984 (EMI India)
 * Temptations, 1992 (Gramaphone Company of India)
 * Ananda Shankar: Shubh – The Auspicious, 1995
 * Ananda, 1999 (EMI India)
 * Arpan, 2000 (EMI India)
 * Walking On, 2000 (Real World 48118-2, with State of Bengal)
 * Ananda Shankar: A Life in Music – The Best of the EMI Years, 2005 (Times Square TSQ-CD-9052)
 * Tamil film music from the film Yaaro Ezhudhiya KavidhaiYear : 1986

title: Ananda Shankar


text:
Craig Stanford

Craig Stanford is Professor of Biological Sciences and Anthropology at the University of Southern California. He is also a Research Associate in the herpetology section of the Los Angeles County Natural History Museum. He is known for his field studies of the behavior, ecology and conservation biology of chimpanzees, mountain gorillas and other tropical animals, and has published more than 140 scientific papers and 17 books on animal behavior, human evolution and wildlife conservation. He is best known for his field study of the predator–prey ecology of chimpanzees and the animals they hunt in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, and for his long term study of the behavior and ecology of chimpanzees and mountain gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda.

He is also a herpetologist and involved in research and conservation of tortoises and turtles. He is Chair of the IUCN SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group, and is on the board of the Turtle Conservancy.

Background
Stanford received his BA in anthropology and zoology at Drew University, his MA in anthropology at Rutgers University, and his PhD in anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley in 1990. He taught at the University of Michigan and joined the University of Southern California in 1992. He has received numerous grants from the National Science Foundation, National Geographic Society, Wenner Gren Foundation, Leakey Foundation, among others. He has also received several major teaching and research awards at USC. He lectures widely in the U.S. and abroad.

Selected bibliography

 * "The New Chimpanzee: a 21st Century Portrait of Our Closest Kin," 2018
 * "Evolution: What Every Teenager Should Know," 2014
 * "Planet Without Apes," 2012
 * The Last Tortoise, 2010
 * Beautiful Minds, 2008 (with Maddalena Bearzi)
 * Apes of the Impenetrable Forest, 2007
 * Exploring Biological Anthropology, (with John Allen and Susan Antón); 4th edition 2015.
 * Biological Anthropology: The Natural History of Humankind, (with John Allen and Susan Antón); 4th edition 2015
 * Upright : The Evolutionary Key to Becoming Human, 2003
 * Significant Others: The Ape-Human Continuum and the Quest for Human Nature, 2001
 * The Hunting Apes : Meat Eating and the Origins of Human Behavior, 1999
 * Meat-Eating and Human Evolution, 2001 (with co-editor H. Bunn)
 * Chimpanzee and Red Colobus : The Ecology of Predator and Prey, 1998

Articles

 * Close encounters: mountain gorillas and chimpanzees share the wealth of Uganda's "impenetrable forest," perhaps offering a window onto the early history of hominids

title: Craig Stanford


text: User talk:69.17.182.114

title: User talk:69.17.182.114


text: User talk:24.206.117.92

title: User talk:24.206.117.92


text:
Oh My God (Kaiser Chiefs song)

"Oh My God" is the debut single of English indie rock band Kaiser Chiefs. It was initially released by the Drowned in Sound label on 17 May 2004, reaching number 66 on the UK Singles Chart. It was re-released on 21 February 2005, two weeks before the release of their debut album, Employment. This time, it peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart, which earned the band their first top-10 hit as well as their highest-charting single at the time until it was succeeded by UK chart-topper "Ruby" on 25 February 2007. The song also appeared on the soundtrack for the video game Driver: Parallel Lines.

The original single release, now a rarity due to its limited run of 500 copies, features artwork by frontman Ricky Wilson, and its B-sides were earlier versions of "Born to Be a Dancer" and "Caroline, Yes", both of which would also appear on Employment.

Background
Singer Ricky Wilson said, "The verses are about the fact that we've been playing together for such a long time and people think, 'What's he doing? He's still trying to make a career out of music? It'll never work. One in a million people do it.' But we still had the opinion that we were five of the people in a million, so we carried on."

Dorian Lynskey of The Guardian wrote that the Kaiser Chiefs had been labeled as has-beens by 2003-2004, and they were desperate to build a fanbase to impress record labels: "The need to make an impression while bottom of the bill in a tiny venue explains all the ohhhhhhs and nanananas and oft-repeated choruses that set up shop in the listener's brain after the first listen."

Initial release
All of these tracks are different, earlier versions of the album editions.
 * 1) "Oh My God"
 * 2) "Born to Be a Dancer"
 * 3) "Caroline, Yes"

Re-issue
7-inch (limited-edition white vinyl)
 * 1) "Oh My God"
 * 2) "Brightest Star"

CD
 * 1) "Oh My God"
 * 2) "Think About You (And I Like It)"

Mexican CD
 * 1) "Oh My God"
 * 2) "Hard Times Send Me"
 * 3) "Born to Be a Dancer" (demo)
 * 4) "Oh My God" (enhanced video)

Mark Ronson version
In 2006, "Oh My God" was covered by Lily Allen on her second mixtape. She later re-recorded the track with Mark Ronson for his second studio album, Version (2007). This version was released as the second single from the album on 16 July 2007. The single was a success, reaching number eight on the UK Singles Chart.

Music video
The music video was directed by Nima Nourizadeh, and features a toon version of Allen (a reference to Jessica Rabbit in the film Who Framed Roger Rabbit) performing the song and flirting in the Ink and Paint Club. The Kaiser Chiefs themselves make a cameo. Of notice is that, in the video, "Lily Allen" is the only toon present. Most of the toons that worked at the club (the octopus bartender, the penguin waiters, Bongo the Gorilla and Betty Boop) have been replaced by real people.

Live performances
When Ronson performed at the BBC Electric Proms in 2007, Allen had been the intended singer of the song but cancelled at the last minute. Rather than not perform the song, Ricky Wilson, who was performing with the Kaiser Chiefs the next day, stepped in. Ronson and Wilson performed the song again on the last Friday Night with Jonathan Ross of 2007, which also featured Candie Payne. Daniel Merriweather, who appears on Ronson's debut single "Stop Me" (and appears in the accompanying video), also has a cameo in this video. Ronson's band, Mark Ronson & The Business Intl continued to play the song, including in 2011, at Positivus Festival, Latvia, with singer-songwriter Rose Elinor Dougall taking Allen's place. This performance was more akin to the original.

Track listings
UK CD single
 * 1) "Oh My God" (radio edit)
 * 2) "Oh My God" (the clean Super Busdown remix)
 * 3) "Oh My God" (instrumental)
 * 4) "Pistol of Fire"

10-inch vinyl
 * 1) "Oh My God" (radio edit)
 * 2) "Oh My God" (the dirty Super Busdown remix)

European CD single
 * 1) "Oh My God" (radio edit)
 * 2) "Oh My God" (instrumental)
 * 3) "Oh My God" (Christopher Lake mix)
 * 4) "Oh My God" (Emperor Machine extended vocal mix)
 * 5) "Oh My God" (the clean Super Busdown remix)
 * 6) "Oh My God" (the dirty Super Busdown remix)

Digital download
 * 1) "Oh My God" (radio edit)
 * 2) "Oh My God" (instrumental)
 * 3) "Oh My God" (the clean Super Busdown remix)
 * 4) "Oh My God" (the dirty Super Busdown remix)
 * 5) "Oh My God" (Christopher Lake mix)
 * 6) "Oh My God" (Emperor Machine ext vocal mix)
 * 7) "Pistol of Fire"

2020 reworked edit
The band, influenced by the current coronavirus pandemic, unveiled a reworked "Stay Home" edition with new, lockdown-inspired lyrics. The idea came about as a joke, when a fan of The Chris Moyles Show on Radio X texted in to suggest alternative lyrics, prompting Chris to message Ricky with the idea. Ricky then rewrote the song, notably changing the chorus from "Oh, my God, I can't believe it, I've never been this far away from home" to "Oh, my God, I can't believe it, I've never spent this much time at home" and re-recorded it from home, on call with the other band members. It also mentions the Clap for our Carers appreciation gesture. The song was posted on Twitter and uploaded to YouTube on 14 April.

title: Oh My God (Kaiser Chiefs song)


text: Talk:Yogi Bush

title: Talk:Yogi Bush


text:
Talk:Magnolia Crescent

There is nothing here that is not adequatley covered on the Harry Potter page. --Westminsterboy 17:27, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Articles for Deletion debate
An Articles for Deletion debate ended rather inconclusively suggesting this article should be merged to another. If you can think of a good place to merge it to, please be bold and do so, or expand the article if you prefer. The discussion can be found here. -Splash talk 21:53, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Magnolia Crescent


text:
Joe Devlin

Joseph or Joe Devlin may refer to:

 * Joseph Devlin (1871–1934), Irish journalist and nationalist politician
 * Joe Devlin (American football) (born 1954), American football offensive tackle
 * Joe Devlin (footballer) (born 1927), retired Scottish professional footballer
 * Jack Devlin (Australian politician) (1900–1957), aka Joseph Devlin, Australian politician
 * Joe Devlin (actor) (1894–1973), American actor

title: Joe Devlin


text:
Category:Brooklyn Grooms players

This category includes baseball players for the team known as the Brooklyn Grooms (National League, 1891–1895). There were 54 players who played for the team under that moniker.

title: Category:Brooklyn Grooms players


text: User talk:84.48.66.253

title: User talk:84.48.66.253


text:
Talk:Stanley Unwin (comedian)

Untitled
The person supposedly campaigning against animal nudity was perhaps San Francisco Chronicle columnist Herb Caen. His spoof campaign is mentioned here. However, it would seem not to have been on the Tonight programme since according to our article that has only been running since 1999. Shantavira 17:28, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * That's Tonight with Trevor McDonald. Before this there was a long-running BBC current affairs programme called by the same name presented by (among others) Cliff Michelmore. David | Talk 15:25, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

I'm almost certain the animal nudity campaign mentioned here was the SINA hoax. That would make the person Unwin interviewed either Alan Abel or Buck Henry. PapayaSF 05:28, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

I can confirm that the person Stanley "interviewed" was Alan Abel. We still (somewhere) have the autographed copy of the book "Yours for Decency" that Able gave him. JohnSU 11 May 2008 —Preceding unsigned comment added by JohnSU (talk • contribs) 13:47, 11 May 2008 (UTC)

Enormous list of unreferenced funny words?
Is it really essential to have this enormous list, without a single reference, on a serious encyclopaedia article? I really think it makes the article look crap. As a minimum we need proper third party sources, or else it will have to come down per WP:V. --John (talk) 22:11, 11 February 2012 (UTC)
 * It's pretty much essential. This vocabulary is what made Unwin noteworthy in the first place. Andy Dingley (talk) 22:33, 11 February 2012 (UTC)
 * In that case it should be easy to find decent references that say so. --John (talk) 22:48, 11 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Funnily enough, I am not seeing similar sections on articles like Michael Bentine, Spike Milligan. I wonder why? Let's give it another 24 hours and if nobody can reference it we can take it back down again. --John (talk) 20:05, 12 February 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stanley Unwin (comedian)


text:
Whitehall Street

Whitehall Street is a street in the South Ferry/Financial District neighborhood of Lower Manhattan in New York City, near the southern tip of Manhattan Island. The street begins at Bowling Green to the north, where it is a continuation of the southern end of Broadway. Whitehall Street stretches four blocks to the southern end of FDR Drive, adjacent to the Staten Island Ferry's Whitehall Terminal, on landfill beyond the site of Peter Stuyvesant's 17th-century house.

Whitehall Street is one of New York's oldest streets, having been a 17th-century road in the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam. It was known as Marckvelt by 1658 and as Whitehall Street by 1731. Over the years, the street has been widened and modified to accommodate different traffic patterns. Whitehall Street contains several structures, including the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House and 2 Broadway at its northern end. The street has entrances to the New York City Subway's Whitehall Street–South Ferry station at both its ends, as well as the Staten Island Ferry terminal and Battery Maritime Building at its southern end.

Description
The northern end of Whitehall Street is commonly cited as being at Stone Street, just south of Bowling Green, where southbound traffic from Broadway continues onto Whitehall Street. According to street signs, Whitehall Street begins half a block north at the southern edge of Bowling Green. Near that location, on the site of modern-day 2 Broadway, Whitehall Street and Broadway formerly intersected with Marketfield Street. That intersection was eliminated in 1880 for the construction of the New York Produce Exchange.

Whitehall Street carries southbound traffic two blocks from Stone Street, intersecting with Bridge Street and Pearl Street. These two blocks of Whitehall Street are preserved as part of the New Amsterdam street grid, a New York City designated landmark. South of Pearl Street, Whitehall Street continues for another two blocks, carrying northbound traffic. The street intersects with State Street/Water Street before terminating at the FDR Drive. The southernmost block, adjacent to the Whitehall Ferry Terminal, provides access from FDR Drive to the Battery.

History

Whitehall Street is one of New York City's oldest streets, having been built by c. 1626, shortly after the Dutch West India Company established New Amsterdam. During the Dutch colonial era, part of the street was known as Markvelt or Marckvelt, though the name seems to have only applied to the northern portion. Another part of Whitehall Street was also known as Beurs Straat, while the block from Pearl to State Streets was known as Waterside or Lang Straat. In the 1640s, numerous settlers were given land grants on Whitehall Street. At the intersection of what is now Pearl and Whitehall Streets, Dutch colonial governor Peter Stuyvesant built the Governor's House c. 1657. The British took over New Amsterdam from the Dutch in 1664, and thereafter the building became known as the "Whitehall", for England's seat of government, Whitehall in London.

In 1676, the street was described as containing "twelve houses of the better class". Under the leadership of British colonial governor Edmund Andros, a large semicircular wood-and-stone fortification was built at the southern end of the modern Whitehall Street. It was commonly known as the Whitehall Battery. There was also a drinking well, "De Riemer's Well" in the center of Whitehall Street near Bridge Street. The section between State and Pearl Streets was known as Leisler Street by 1720. The entire street had commonly become known as "Whitehall Street" by 1731.

By 1790, Whitehall Street had assumed its current layout when Government House was built at the northern end of the street. The section of Whitehall Street from Bowling Green to State Street was widened and straightened in 1859.

Modifications to Whitehall Street's traffic patterns were made in the 21st century. In 2010, the New York City Department of Transportation announced plans to improve the intersection of Water and Whitehall Streets by creating a painted pedestrian plaza on an underused slip road in the northeast corner of the intersection. The block of Whitehall Street from Pearl to Water Streets would also be converted from a two-way street to a northbound-only street, with a painted sidewalk on the eastern side of the block. In May 2012, following the successful implementation of the pedestrian plaza between Pearl and Water Streets, additional painted pedestrian spaces were proposed on both sides of Whitehall Street from Pearl Street to Bowling Green. These improvements were completed by September 2012.

Architecture
At the northeast corner of Whitehall and Stone Streets is 2 Broadway, a 32-story tower designed by Emery Roth & Sons and built in 1958–1959. The building originally housed financial firms, but by the early 2000s, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill had renovated the building, turning it into a new headquarters for the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. At the southeastern corner of the same intersection, the 23-story structure at 1 Whitehall Street was completed in 1962, also to designs by Emery Roth & Sons.

On the western sidewalk between Bowling Green and Bridge Street is the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House. Completed in 1907 to designs by Cass Gilbert, it originally served as the Custom House for the Port of New York. Since 1994, it has housed the George Gustav Heye Center of the National Museum of the American Indian. The building is a New York City designated landmark and a National Historic Landmark.

The Army Building at 39 Whitehall Street, between Pearl and Water Streets, was used as offices, a military recruiting center, and an Armed Forces Examination and Entrance Station (i.e. induction center) from 1884 until the end of the Vietnam War. Nearly three million Americans were inducted at the Army Building before it was closed after two bombings by war resisters (in 1968 and 1969 ). The damage was superficial and, in 1986, it was repurposed as a glass-skinned condominium with retail space, ten additional floors, and the alternate address of 3 New York Plaza.

Just south of 3 New York Plaza is 1 New York Plaza, which occupies the eastern sidewalk of Whitehall Street between Water Street and the FDR Drive. The 50-story building was built in 1969 to designs by William Lescaze & Assocs. and Kahn & Jacobs.

The New Amsterdam Plein and Pavilion, in Peter Minuit Plaza on Whitehall Street at the intersection of State Street, was a gift from the Netherlands to New York City, honoring the 400th anniversary of Henry Hudson's arrival in New York Harbor in 1609. The 5000 sqft pavilion, in the shape of a flower, was designed by the Dutch architects Ben van Berkel and Caroline Bos, and features radiating bars of LEDs; it is both a café and a visitors center. The stone plaza is a landscaped platform ("plein" in Dutch) with benches of modern design, walkways with engraved passages from Russell Shorto's The Island at the Center of the World, about the founding of Manhattan, and a map of the Castello Plan of New Amsterdam from 1660, carved in stone.

Former buildings
2 Broadway was the site of the New York Produce Exchange. The exchange's structure, designed by George B. Post and completed in 1884, was the first building in the world to combine wrought iron and masonry in its structural construction. It was demolished in 1957 to make way for 2 Broadway.

The Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House was the site of Fort Amsterdam, constructed by the Dutch West India Company to defend their operations in the Hudson Valley. The fort became the nucleus of the New Amsterdam settlement, and in turn, of New York City. The Government House was subsequently built on the site of Fort Amsterdam and, after 1799, housed a previous location of the Custom House for the Port of New York. The old Government House was demolished in 1815, and the site was later developed with the houses of several wealthy New Yorkers.

Near the foot of the street is the site of the Governor's house built by Peter Stuyvesant, now long demolished. On the Castello Plan of 1660, Whitehall, with its white roof, stands on a jutting piece of land at Manhattan's tip, facing along the waterfront strand that extends along the East River. The only extensive pleasure gardens in seventeenth-century New Amsterdam are seen to extend behind it, laid out in a patterned parterre of four squares. Other grounds in the center of blocks behind houses are commons and market gardens.

Transportation
There is an active passenger ferry terminal at the southern tip of Whitehall Street: the Whitehall Terminal, which serves the Staten Island Ferry. However, its facilities in use have shifted over the decade, as have the destinations served. The original Whitehall Terminal served Brooklyn, Governors Island, Staten Island, and Jersey City, New Jersey, and it contained connections to the Interborough Rapid Transit Company's elevated train lines at South Ferry station. Furthermore, the terminal once served vehicular traffic. The subways have replaced the els, and cars now use fixed crossings such as the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel. The structure was renovated in the 1950s and reopened in 1956. It was destroyed by fire in 1991. It was renovated from 2000 to 2005.

The Battery Maritime Building, housing the ferry to Governors Island, is just east of the Whitehall Terminal. It is open to the public from April through October. Completed in 1909, the terminal was renovated in 2001–2005. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Whitehall Street–South Ferry station of the New York City Subway is located on Whitehall Street. Entrances are located at the northern and southern ends of the street (at Stone Street and the Staten Island Ferry terminal, respectively). The Bowling Green subway station, just north of the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House, is also on Whitehall Street.

In popular culture
The former military induction center at 39 Whitehall Street was featured in Arlo Guthrie's "Alice's Restaurant".

title: Whitehall Street


text:
Bagel Bites

Bagel Bites are a brand of frozen pizza bagel snacks produced by Kraft Heinz.

History
Bagel Bites were invented by Bob Mosher and Stanley Garkzynski, both of Fort Myers, Florida, who then sold the company to major food producer John Labatt Co. Later a large portion of Labatt Co. was purchased by Heinz in 1991 in a $500 million deal. Bagel Bites is currently still owned by Heinz via the Ore-Ida brand. In 2022, the company pulled the product from Canadian shelves, but no reason was given.

Varieties
The mini-bagels are topped with cheese and other pizza toppings. Bagel Bites are available in six flavors: Cheese & Pepperoni; Three Cheese; Cheese, Sausage & Pepperoni; Mozzarella Cheese; Supreme; Cheesy Garlic Bread; and Extreme Nacho. Bagel Bites come in 9, 18, 24, 36, 40, and 72 count varieties. Bagel Bites are manufactured in Southwest Florida.

Bagel Bites also makes Breakfast Bagel Bites, which consists of breakfast toppings on the mini-bagel. These are available in Bacon & Cheese, Bacon Egg & Cheese, Bacon Sausage & Cheese and Sausage Egg & Cheese. Preparation of Bagel Bites involves either a microwave or an oven.

Popular culture
In the 1990s, Bagel Bites ran a television commercial, most popular during children's programming, featuring the jingle:

"Pizza in the morning, Pizza in the evenin', Pizza at suppertime! When pizza's on a bagel, You can eat pizza anytime!"

The lyrics were altered from The McGuire Sisters' 1957 single "Sugartime", written by Charlie "Sugartime" Phillips.

In 2002, an ad was aired featuring pro skateboarder Tony Hawk.

The jingle was performed on a web exclusive video for Late Night With Jimmy Fallon, in which he and Meat Loaf do a rock operatic style extended remake of the jingle (with additional lyrics), titled "Ode to Bagel Bites".

title: Bagel Bites


text: User talk:216.108.193.232

title: User talk:216.108.193.232