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Bangkok Patana School

Bangkok Patana School (โรงเรียนบางกอกพัฒนา, ) is a British International School located in Bang Na District, Bangkok, Thailand. Bangkok Patana School was founded in 1957 to provide a British-style education for the children of English-speaking expatriates and others living in Bangkok.

It is Thailand's oldest British international school. As of 2010, it is also the largest British school in the country.

Curriculum
Students range from 18 months to 18 years of age and follow the English National Curriculum until they sit IGCSE examinations at 16. Senior students take the International Baccalaureate Diploma or Certificate in Years 12 and 13.

Student body
As of 2017, 24% of the students are from British families and this is the largest group of students by nationality. The school is international with the student body representing 60 - 65 nationalities.

Facilities
The 48 acre campus, situated in Bangna, includes purpose built classrooms, secondary and primary libraries, three swimming pools, an indoor sports centre, tennis courts and sports fields. The school is also home to an Arts Centre, Science Centre, and a Theatre that offers facilities for students, teachers and the community.

Accreditation
Bangkok Patana School is accredited by the Council of International Schools (CIS), and is an IB World School.

Sports
The sports teams in the school compete under the name and mascot of tigers. Each sports teams use variations of the Tiger name, such as the tiger sharks for the swim team. The teams compete in tournaments such as BISAC, SEASAC and FOBISIA even at the Varsity level in sports like basketball, football, volleyball, softball, swimming, badminton and athletics. Bangkok Patana School opened their new sports hall in 2007 (to commemorate their 50 th anniversary), which was opened by the Princess of Thailand. Bangkok Patana School along with other schools from around South-East Asia compete in the FOBISIA tournament every year. They have a range of, U9, U11, U13, U15, Junior Varsity and Varsity.

Environment
Bangkok Patana School is a silver certified green school. The School currently supplies some of its energy from solar. The School aims to enable well rounded Eco-Friendly Students.

Notable alumni

 * Joni Anwar – singer and actor
 * Ananda Everingham – actor
 * Praekarn Nirandara (Pieretta Dawn) – author
 * Alex Rendell – actor, singer
 * Louis Scott - actor, singer, TV host, racer
 * Urassaya Sperbund – actress, model
 * Somtow Sucharitkul – Composer, conductor and author of "Vampire Junction"
 * Erika Tham - actress
 * Michele Waagaard – model, JAMP singer and VJ for MTV Thailand
 * Tata Young – singer, actress and model
 * Krissa M. Lanham - judge of the US District Court for the District of Arizona

title: Bangkok Patana School


text:
List of people on the postage stamps of Sri Lanka

This is a list of people on the postage stamps of Sri Lanka, formerly known as Ceylon.

The list is complete through 1980.

Ceylon (through 1972)

 * Victoria of the United Kingdom (1857)
 * Edward VII of the United Kingdom (1903)
 * George V of the United Kingdom (1912)
 * George VI of the United Kingdom (1937)
 * D. S. Senanayake, prime minister (1949, 1966, 1968)
 * Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom (1953)
 * Sir John Kotelawala, prime minister (1956)
 * Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera, educator (1959)
 * Ratmalane Sri Dharmaloka Thera, educator (1959)
 * Anagarika Dharmapala, Buddhist missionary (1964)
 * Solomon Bandaranaike, prime minister (1961)
 * Henry S. Olcott, Buddhist reformer (1967)
 * D. B. Jayatilaka, Buddhist scholar (1968)
 * E. W. Perera, legislator (1969)
 * Alexander Ekanayake Goonesinha, trade unionist, politician (1969)
 * Ananda Coomaraswamy (1971)
 * Vladimir Lenin, Soviet leader (1971)
 * Cumaratunga Munidasa (1971)
 * Arumuga Navalar (1971)
 * Edward Henry Pedris, patriot (1971)
 * Ananda Rajakaruna (1971)
 * Charles Henry de Soysa, philanthropist (1971)
 * S. Mahinda Thero (1971)

Sri Lanka (from 1972)

 * Solomon Bandaranaike, prime minister (1973, 1974)
 * Muhammad Lafir, billiards player (1973)
 * Ponnambalam Ramanathan, lawyer, educator (1975)
 * D.J. Wimalasurendra, engineer (1975)
 * Sirimavo Bandaranaike, prime minister (1976)
 * Alexander Graham Bell, inventor (1976)
 * Ponnambalam Arunachalam, educator (1977)
 * Thotagamuwe Sri Rahula Thera, poet (1977)
 * Mohammed Cassim Siddi Lebbe, lawyer, educator, journalist (1977)
 * Veera Puran Appu, revolutionary (1978)
 * Sir Ernest de Silva, Philanthropist
 * D. S. Senanayake, prime minister (1979)
 * Piyadasa Sirisena, patriot, writer (1979)
 * Swami Vipulananda, philosopher (1979)
 * Rowland Hill, postal reformer (1979)
 * Henry S. Olcott, Buddhist reformer (1980)
 * A. Ratnayake, educator (1980)
 * George E. de Silva, politician (1980)
 * H. W. Amarasuriya, politician, educationist, proprietor and philanthropist. (1983)
 * Dr. E. W. Adikaram, educationist, populariser of science, philosopher, and thinker. (1988)
 * Joseph Vaz, Indian Catholic missionary, "Apostle of Sri Lanka" (1992)
 * Pope John Paul II, leader of Catholic Church from 16 October 1978 - 2 April 2005 (1995)
 * Kithalagama Sri Seelalankara Thera, Buddhist monk (2005)
 * Professor Seneka Bibile, pharmacologist, politician (2006)
 * Sri Narayana Guru Saint, Social Reformer, Poet KERALA (2009)
 * ERabindranath Tagore, poet (2011)
 * Dudley Senanayake, politician (2011)
 * Eddie Jayamanne, comedian (2012)
 * Sandhya Kumari, actress (2012)
 * Titus Thotawatte, director, editor (2012)
 * Joe Abeywickrama, actor (2012)
 * Malini Fonseka, actress (2012)
 * Gamini Fonseka, actor (2012)
 * Prof. Walpola Rahula Thero, Buddhist monk, scholar and writer (2012)
 * Kusuma Gunawardena, politician (2012)
 * Swami Vivekananda, Indian Hindu monk (2013)
 * Reverend Father Tissa Balasuriya, Roman Catholic priest and theologian (2013)
 * Alec Robertson, Buddhist preacher and lecturer (2013)
 * Dr. Premasiri Khemadasa, composer (2013)
 * Dr. Tissa Abeysekara, filmmaker (2013)
 * Dharmadasa Walpola, musician (2013)
 * Ven. Baddegama Wimalawansa Nayaka Thero, Buddhist monk (2013)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Category:2005 in rugby league

title: Category:2005 in rugby league


text: User:Jacquimunroe

title: User:Jacquimunroe


text:
Barry Morse

Herbert Morse (10 June 1918 – 2 February 2008), known professionally as Barry Morse, was a British-Canadian actor of stage, screen, and radio, best known for his roles in the television series The Fugitive and the British sci-fi drama Space: 1999. His performing career spanned seven decades and he had thousands of roles to his credit, including work for the BBC and the CBC.

Beginnings
Herbert Morse (he later changed his personal name to Barry) was born on 10 June 1918, in the Hammersmith area of west London (Morse later claimed to have been born in Shoreditch in London's East End but publicly-accessible birth records confirm Hammersmith), a son of Charles Hayward Morse and Mary Florence Hollis Morse. His parents owned a tobacco shop. Morse was a 15-year-old errand boy when he won a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. He performed the role of the Lion in Androcles and the Lion, and as a result, came to know George Bernard Shaw, a patron of the academy. His first paid job as an actor while still a student was in If I Were King. At graduation, he featured in the title role of William Shakespeare's play Henry V, presented as a Royal Command Performance for King George VI and Queen Elizabeth.

Radio
Upon graduation, Morse won the BBC's Radio Prize which resulted in several parts and a main role in the drama The Fall of the City. Later, among dozens of other roles, he played the lead in Shakespeare's Hamlet and featured as Paul Temple for the radio series Send for Paul Temple Again. He later performed on Canadian Broadcasting Corporation radio beginning in 1951 and continuing to the 1980s, including the long-running series A Touch of Greasepaint, the Joe McCarthy–inspired The Investigator, and 1984. He also featured in a number of U.S. productions during the 1970s and 1980s for producer Yuri Rasovsky, including The Odyssey of Homer, which won a Peabody Award.

Morse's final radio performance, Rogues and Vagabonds – A Theatrical Scrapbook, was distributed by internet radio KSAV on 7 August and 9 August 2007, prior to being released on compact disc format. The hour-long special audio drama comprised a half-dozen vignettes and performances culled from theatrical history, including Shakespeare and Shaw.

British stage
Morse was a member of repertory theatre companies in Peterborough, Nottingham, and other cities, where he gained experience as an actor while playing more than 200 roles. In 1941, he joined the national tour of The First Mrs. Fraser featuring Dame Marie Tempest and A.E. Matthews. He debuted on the London West End stage in The School for Slavery. Other West End productions included Escort, The Assassin, and A Bullet in the Ballet. He was directed by John Gielgud in Crisis in Heaven. Morse developed a theatrical partnership with actress Nova Pilbeam, and they worked together both in movies and on stage, most notably in the successful stage productions of The Voice of the Turtle and Flowers for the Living.

Movies
Morse made his movie debut in the 1942 comedy The Goose Steps Out featuring Will Hay and continued with roles in Thunder Rock, When We Are Married, and This Man Is Mine (released as A Soldier for Christmas in North America) with Glynis Johns and Nova Pilbeam. Other notable movies include Kings of the Sun with Yul Brynner, Justine, and Puzzle of a Downfall Child with Faye Dunaway. He also appeared in the thrillers Asylum (1972) with Peter Cushing, Funeral Home with Kay Hawtrey and Lesleh Donaldson (1980), and The Changeling with George C. Scott (1980). He worked on several Lacewood animated productions, notably as the voice of Dragon in The Railway Dragon, alongside Tracey Moore, who played Emily. In 1999, he featured in the dramatic comedy Taxman with Billy Zane, released as Promise Her Anything and on DVD as Nothing to Declare. His final movie appearance was in I Really Hate My Job, released in 2007. Morse was offered a cameo in the 1993 film version of The Fugitive, but declined.

Later stage work
Morse performed on Broadway in Hide and Seek, Salad Days, and the lead of Frederick Rolfe in Hadrian the Seventh, which he also played in Australia, co-featuring with Frank Thring. He directed the Broadway debut of Staircase featuring Eli Wallach and Milo O'Shea, a depiction of gay male life. He also featured in the U.S. national tour of Harold Pinter's The Caretaker as Davies.

He first presented a version of his one-man show Merely Players in 1959, which explored the experiences of actors through history, with the definitive version of the show debuting in 1984 for a Canadian national tour. Morse served as artistic director of the Shaw Festival of Canada for the 1966 season and as an adjunct professor at Yale Drama School in 1968.

In 1995, he premiered the Elizabeth Sharland play The Private Life of George Bernard Shaw in Toronto, also featuring Shirley Knight. The play featured Morse in the role of Shaw, with 10 actresses portraying the various women in Shaw's life. Morse later performed the play in 1997 at the British Theatre Museum in London.

With his son Hayward Morse, he featured in the 2004 North American debut of Bernard and Bosie: A Most Unlikely Friendship by Anthony Wynn, performed at the University of Florida, Sarasota. This two-act stage drama is based on the correspondence between playwright George Bernard Shaw, played by Morse, and Lord Alfred 'Bosie' Douglas (Oscar Wilde's boyfriend), played by Hayward.

The next year, Morse appeared in the world premiere performance of the science-fiction play Contact by Doug Grissom, co-featuring Ryan Case and presented in Tampa, Florida.

Television
1975-77 Space: 1999 (Dr. Victor Bergman)

Guest roles
Morse guest-featured in more than a thousand drama, comedy, and talk-show presentations in the U.S., Canada, and Britain. Early American appearances include the U.S. Steel Hour, Encounter, and Playhouse 90. He also guest-geatured on such TV series as Naked City, The Untouchables, The Twilight Zone, Wagon Train, The Defenders, The Invaders, The Starlost, and The Saint, episode: The Reluctant Revolution (season 5, episode 4). In The Outer Limits episode "Controlled Experiment", he featured with Carroll O'Connor and Grace Lee Whitney. In The Starlost episode "The Goddess Calabra", he guest-featured with John Colicos. In The Alfred Hitchcock Hour ‘A Tangled Web’ with Robert Redford & Zohra Lampert.

In his later years, Morse guest-featured in a number of Canadian-produced series, including La Femme Nikita and Kung Fu: The Legend Continues, as well as such British series as Doctors, Waking the Dead, and Space Island One.

Series
Morse's first television series was Presenting Barry Morse, which was broadcast for 13 weeks during the summer of 1960 on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Some of his best-known television roles included: Lt Philip Gerard for the 1960s series The Fugitive with David Janssen; Victor Bergman in the 1975–76 season of Space: 1999 with Martin Landau, Barbara Bain, and Zienia Merton; Mr Parminter in The Adventurer with Gene Barry; and Alec "the Tiger" Marlowe in The Zoo Gang with Sir John Mills, Lilli Palmer, and Brian Keith. In 1982, he played the Reaganesque U.S. President Johnny Cyclops in the satirical sitcom Whoops Apocalypse in the UK and hosted the series Strange But True for the Global and the BBC.

Miniseries
Morse appeared in a number of television miniseries, including The Winds of War and War and Remembrance (both with Robert Mitchum), The Martian Chronicles, Sadat, JFK: Reckless Youth, and Frederick Forsyth's Icon. Other notable miniseries appearances include A Woman of Substance, Master of the Game, and Race for the Bomb.

Books
The book based on his long-running stage play Merely Players – The Scripts was published in 2003. His first autobiography Pulling Faces, Making Noises was released in 2004.

Stories of the Theatre was published in 2006 and features material from his CBC radio series A Touch of Greasepaint, which was broadcast from 1954 to 1967.

His theatrical memoir, Remember With Advantages – Chasing 'The Fugitive' and Other Stories from an Actor's Life (ISBN 9780786427710), (written with Robert E. Wood and Anthony Wynn), details his life and career. The book features a foreword written by Academy Award-winning actor Martin Landau, and was released in 2007.

He wrote the afterword to Destination: Moonbase Alpha – The Unofficial and Unauthorised Guide to SPACE: 1999 (ISBN 9781845830342), published in 2010 by Telos Publishing, and written by Robert E. Wood. It featured a colour photo section of models created for the Space: 1999 television series by Martin Bower, and a foreword by Zienia Merton. Morse is quoted extensively throughout the book, as are numerous other series cast and crew.

Before his death, Morse wrote the foreword to Conversations At Warp Speed (ISBN 9781593932893), published in 2012 by BearManor Media, and written by Anthony Wynn. The book is a compilation of interviews with actors and other professionals associated with the various incarnations of Star Trek. It also contains a bonus chapter featuring an interview with Barry Morse, who worked with numerous actors who appeared in Star Trek.

Family life
After a short courtship, Morse married actress Sydney Sturgess on 26 March 1939, during their work together in repertory theatre in Peterborough, Cambridgeshire. The couple had two children, Melanie Morse (1945–2005) and Hayward Morse (b. 1947).

In 1951, the Morse family relocated to Canada, where he worked in radio and theatre, and participated with the first television broadcasts of CBC Television from Montreal, and later Toronto. Morse became a Canadian citizen in 1953.

Charitable work
Barry Morse long patronized a number of charitable organisations, including the Toronto-based Performing Arts Lodges of Canada, the Royal Theatrical Fund, the London Shakespeare Workout Prison Project, Actors' Fund of Canada, the Samaritans, BookPALS, and Parkinson's disease treatment and research.

The cause of Parkinson's disease was special for Morse, as his wife of more than 60 years, actress Sydney Sturgess, battled the illness for 14 years before her death in 1999. In later years, he also became an advocate for senior citizens in his adopted homeland of Canada.

Death
Barry Morse died on 2 February 2008 at University College Hospital, London, aged 89, after a brief illness. His body was donated to science, and on 3 April 2011 Morse's ashes were scattered in St. James's Square Garden, Pall Mall, London, England.

Selected filmography

 * The Goose Steps Out (1942) (with Will Hay) – Kurt
 * Thunder Rock (1942) – Robert
 * When We Are Married (1943) – Gerald Forbes
 * Schweik's New Adventures (1943) – S.A. prisoner
 * The Dummy Talks (1943) (uncredited)
 * Late at Night (1946) – Dave Jackson
 * This Man Is Mine (1946) – Ronnie
 * Mrs. Fitzherbert (1947) – Beau Brummell
 * Daughter of Darkness (1948) – Robert Stanforth
 * No Trace (1950) – John Harrison
 * The Untouchables (1961, episode: "The King of Champagne") - Michel Viton
 * The Twilight Zone (1962, episode: "A Piano in the House") – Fitzgerald Fortune
 * Kings of the Sun (1963) – Ah Zok
 * The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1963) (Season 1 Episode 18: "A Tangled Web") – Karl Gault
 * The Untouchables (1963, episode: "The Globe of Death") - Larry Bass
 * The Fugitive (1963-1967, TV series) – Lieutenant Philip Gerard
 * The Outer Limits (1964, episode: "Controlled Experiment") - Phobos One
 * The Invaders (1968, TV Series) – Keith
 * Justine (1969) – Colonel Maskelyne
 * Puzzle of a Downfall Child (1970) – Dr. Galba
 * The Telephone Book (1971) – Har Poon
 * The Golden Bowl (1972, TV series) – Adam Verver
 * Running Scared (1972) – Mr. Case
 * Asylum (1972) – Bruno (segment "The Weird Tailor")
 * To Kill The King (1974) – Secretary
 * The Zoo Gang (1974, TV series) – Alec 'The Tiger' Marlowe
 * Space 1999 (1975-1976, TV series) – Victor Bergman
 * Love at First Sight (1976) – William
 * Welcome to Blood City (1977) – Supervisor
 * One Man (1977) – Colin Angus Campbell
 * Power Play (1978) – Jean Rousseau
 * The Shape of Things to Come (1979) – John Caball
 * The Martian Chronicles (1980, TV miniseries) – Peter Hathaway
 * Klondike Fever (1980) – John Thornton
 * The Changeling (1980) – Parapsychologist
 * Funeral Home (1980) – Mr. Davis
 * The Hounds of Notre Dame (1980) – Bishop Williams
 * A Tale of Two Cities (1980, TV movie) – Marquis St. Evremonde
 * Murder by Phone (1982) – Fred Waites
 * Strange But True (1983) – Host
 * Reunion at Fairborough (1985, TV movie) – Nathan Barsky
 * The Twilight Zone (1988, episode: "Dream Me a Life") - Frank
 * The Railway Dragon (1988, TV movie) – The Railway Dragon
 * War and Remembrance (1988–89, miniseries) - Colonel General Franz Halder
 * Glory! Glory! (1989, TV Movie) – Dan Stuckey
 * The Birthday Dragon (1992, TV Movie) - The Railway Dragon
 * Al lupo al lupo (1992) – Mario Sagonà
 * Sacred Trust (1997) – Mon Farare
 * Promise Her Anything (1999) – Reverend Adam Putter
 * I Really Hate My Job (2007) – Old Man #2 – Georg

title: Barry Morse


text: Category:2004 in rugby league

title: Category:2004 in rugby league


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Niels Laurits Høyen

Niels Laurits Andreas Høyen (4 June 1798 – 29 April 1870) is considered to be the first Danish art historian and critic. He promoted a Danish nationalistic art through his writings and lectures, and exerted a far reaching effect on contemporary artists. His work in various cultural institutions helped steer the development of Danish art during the mid-19th century.

Early life and education
Høyen was born in Copenhagen to distiller Anders Larsen Høyen and wife, Inger Margrethe. He was bright and did well in school. He was an avid reader, and was interested in art and history. He was lucky to have access to the day's cultured homes that had been opened up to gifted students from modest backgrounds. He started his higher education in 1816. He first studied law, then theology, and then history, before finalising his studies with art history. He received a cand.phil.

He then became a student at the Drawing School of the Royal Danish Academy of Art (Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi) where he learned perspective and anatomy, and had access to such artists as Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, Christian David Gebauer and Jens Peter Møller. He took part in establishing the Student Union.

With economic support from his father he left Copenhagen in September 1822 for a three-year student travel through Germany, Austria and Italy

Early career
He was given the opportunity to give lectures at the Art Academy during the winter 1826-1827 on antique paintings. He was one of the founding members of the Art Union (Kunstforeningen) in 1827, and he helped edit the first three volumes of "Maanedsskrift for Litteratur" ("Monthly Journal of Literature") in 1829. He resided in Hillerød a short time in 1828, during which time he became familiar with the large collection of artwork, mainly portraits, which were housed in Frederiksborg Castle, now The Museum of National History with Denmark's most important collection of portraits and history paintings.

Høyen's interest and enthusiasm for Danish art history was noticed by such influential men as Finance Deputy Jonas Collin, who has also participated in establishing the Art Union and was Secretary for the royal discretionary funds. These funds were used in 1829 to give Høyen a one-time grant to travel and study preservation-worthy art in the Danish provinces. Høyen traveled to Kronborg, Lund (Lund Cathedral), Lübeck, Holstein and some areas in Schleswig registering Denmark's national treasures. The one-time grant was again given to Høyen in 1830, and in 1832 he received a two-year grant.

With Professor Niels Iversen Schow's retirement in February 1829, he became Professor of History and Mythology at the Academy of Art, of which art history was a part of the curriculum. Soon art history became the focus of his teaching, and in 1831 focus was also placed on his compiling a history of Danish art.

He married Edele Birgitte Westengaard on 8 April 1832.

Høyen’s profound reach on Danish art life
The Art Union sponsored competitions which set its mark on artists’ production. In its competition of 1834 one of the subjects was landscape painting featuring a Danish locale. Another that same year called for an interior or exterior view of a noteworthy or characteristic Danish building or public place. These competitions inspired Golden Age of Painting artists Christen Købke, Jørgen Roed and Constantin Hansen to paint such national-historical treasures as Danish church interiors and exteriors and views of Danish castles. The Art Union's purchases of art work helped support artists in a time of dwindling royal economic support. Christen Købke's first mature work "View of Århus Cathedral" (Parti af Århus Domkirke), painted in 1829, was purchased by the Art Union and is now in the collection of the Danish National Gallery (Statens Museum for Kunst).

His notes from his travels around Denmark are kept in the archives of the National Museum of Denmark, and these have served as the basis for a national understanding of Denmark's art history. His view and understanding of the nation's treasures, have helped other's understand the importance of works found throughout the country. He provided advice to artists, and was up-to-date on new developments.

In 1836 he was awarded a royal grant to travel to Paris on art historical research.

In 1839 he took over the position of Inspector of the Royal Painting Collection after Johan Conrad Spengler's death, and then became Director of the same after the death of Christian Jurgensen Thomsen in 1865. The old collection, which was housed in the recently rebuilt Christiansborg Palace, was resuscitated as Høyen removed lesser works, moved important works over from royal residences and castles throughout the country, and arranged the works for best effect. Additionally he was instrumental in the purchase of new works by the country's prominent new artists.

In March 1844 he held his famous lecture "Om Betingelserne for en skandinavisk Nationalkonsts Udvikling" ("On the conditions for the development of a Scandinavian National Art"), which inspired many to search out a new national and Scandinavian understanding of culture and art. This inspired genre artists, such as Frederik Vermehren, Julius Exner and Christen Dalsgaard, as well as landscape artists such as Johan Thomas Lundbye og P.C. Skovgaard.

He promoted a national art, and in 1847 he established the Nordic Art Society (Selskabet for nordisk Kunst). He gave lectures to a broader public, and on 26 June 1856 he was named as the first professor in art history at the University of Copenhagen.

He helped establish the large painting collection at Frederiksborg Castle, of which much was lost in the fire of 1859.

He was transitional director for the painting collection at Christiansborg Palace.

Høyen also gave lectures as part of a series from the Danish Church Historical Society, which starting in 1852 held meetings around the country in prominent churches, first off the country's cathedrals. His lectures were usually given on the subject of the church itself where the meetings were held, thus bringing into immediate focus the objects and artworks directly at hand. He was a member of the Society's leadership 1861-1870, and helped lead the rebuilding of Viborg Cathedral 1864-1876 before his death in 1870.

Legacy
Høyen played a vital role in Danish nationalistic painting's development around the middle of the 19th century. He advised young artists against going abroad to study art; rather, he insisted, they would be better served to remain in Denmark, undergo training and become independent before allowing themselves to be exposed to foreign influences. Høyen encouraged them to paint native landscapes and Danish monuments to the illustrious past, as well as to paint the people and surroundings of humble agricultural origin where life had not changed so much under industrialization.

His influence on art and artists also had its opposition, such as painter and Academy professor Wilhelm Marstrand who wrote, "Hvad menes der med, at kunsten skal være national? [...] ligesom den samme Sol skinner over hele Verden, saaledes er Kunsten ikke bundet" ("What does it mean that art needs to be national? … In the same way that the same sun shines over the whole earth, so is art not bound (to a specific land).")

Art in Denmark was split into two groups during this period, those oriented towards the Nordic (known as ”the blondes”) and those internationally oriented towards Europe (known as ”the brunettes”). At the higher levels the Nordic trend won, but it meant isolation for Danish art. At the World Exhibition in Paris 1878, a critic wrote that "nok er Danmark repræsenteret ved kunstnere, men ikke med kunst" ("Denmark is well represented with artists, but not with art").

Only parts of his lectures have been preserved in writing, and only a single one has been published. His works were published as a final act by the Nordic Art Society 1871-1876.

His legacy as an art historian and critic was followed up by Julius Lange, who quickly took over Høyen's positions at the Academy and the University shortly after his death.

title: Niels Laurits Høyen


text:
Higher (Creed song)

"Higher" is a song by American rock band Creed. It was released on August 31, 1999, as the lead single from their second studio album, Human Clay. The song became the band's breakthrough hit as it was their first song to reach the top ten on the US Billboard Hot 100 where it peaked at number seven in July 2000. It spent a total of 57 weeks upon the survey, the longest stay for any Creed song on the Hot 100. "Higher" also became the band's second chart-topping hit on rock radio as it topped both the Modern Rock and Mainstream Rock charts, for a then-record of 17 weeks.

Writing and recording
According to an interview with Loudwire, in an episode of "Wikipedia: Fact Or Fiction", Mark Tremonti revealed that the song was a culmination of improvising live onstage. During their earliest shows, vocalist Scott Stapp would placate the audience by goading his bandmates to come up with a song live on the spot. Drummer Scott Phillips was the first to begin playing the drum set piece, with Mark later entering the chord progression associated with the song. After reviewing the tapes of the show, as they had always recorded their performances for later review, they decided that the song was worth working out in the studio.

Music and lyrics
Vocalist Scott Stapp and long-time friend Steven Harang wrote the song about the power of lucid dreaming. In another episode of Loudwire's "Wikipedia: Fact Or Fiction?" Stapp stated that the inspiration for the song came from a recurring dream that he had. In the endlessly present nightmare, Stapp would be hunted down and killed by an unknown assailant brandishing a firearm. Once he took up studying lucid dreaming, he was able to escape the gunman, and subsequently wrote the song as a memento towards the dream.

Musically the song has an anthemic and uplifting sound, often drawing comparisons to one of the band's later hit singles, "My Sacrifice". The song is written in the key of D major, with Tremonti playing in drop D tuning and Stapp singing in baritone. "Higher" has been described as post-grunge, hard rock and alternative rock.

Music video
The video begins with the band sitting backstage before heading out to perform the song in front of an audience on stage. The video features slow motion and pause scenes of the band and the crowd, along with Stapp hanging in mid-air with his arms out while wearing his signature leather pants. At the end of the video, the camera pans back to the band backstage as they are seen once again walking to the stage to perform as they did at the beginning of the video, leaving the viewer to wonder if the original live performance was a dream or not. Director Ramaa Mosley, who also directed the video for "What's This Life For", recalls coming up with the idea after listening to the song with the record label. The first idea she had was of an epic performance that is later questioned to have ever happened. It was the only idea she pitched for the video.

The music video was shot in Orlando, Florida, at the Hard Rock Cafe Orlando. According to Mosley, filming the video was a "creative struggle", as Creed had only a short time to shoot the video before they went on tour in Japan. Over 300 extras were used in the video as members of the audience as well as the people seen with the band backstage. For the pause scenes, Mosley had the band and the audience freeze while the camera rotated around them, and also used multiple cameras set up around the band that were then joined with hovering objects added later in post-production. Cables were also used for scenes where Stapp is hovering over the audience. For the final scene, a 360 degree photography spin technique is used, a relatively new technique at the time, which required an array of cameras and sophisticated software to interpolate the still images into what appears to be one continuous shot of Stapp and the band backstage before heading off to play on stage.

Stapp himself has stated that he is embarrassed by the video and that it has not aged well. During a 2017 interview with GQ, Stapp said in regard to the video that "Sometimes I cringe when I see it. Like, 'What was I thinking? Look at those pants.'"

Release and reception
Released as the lead single to the bands sophomore album, Human Clay, "Higher" would prove to be Creed's major breakthrough hit when it peaked at number seven on the US Billboard Hot 100 on the issue dated July 22, 2000. It spent a total of 57 weeks upon the survey, which is the longest stay for any Creed song on the Hot 100, and finished on the Hot 100 year end chart for 2000 at number 11. Furthermore, it topped both the Modern Rock and Mainstream Rock tallies in the process, which gave the band their fifth consecutive chart-topping hit on rock radio. "Higher" remained in the top spot on the Mainstream Rock chart for a then-record of 17 weeks until it was surpassed by 3 Doors Down's song "Loser". The song would finish at number 4 on both the Mainstream and Modern Rock year end charts for 2000. It also charted in the top five on the Adult Top 40 chart. Internationally the song topped the UK Rock and Metal (OCC) chart for four weeks in early 2000, and also peaked at number two on the Canada Rock/Alternative (RPM) chart. To promote the Human Clay album, the band also released a free digital download of "Higher" a full month before the records release. On May 10, 2019, nearly 20 years after its original release, the song was given gold status by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over 500,000 certified digital units.

"Higher" placed at number 95 on VH1's "100 Greatest Hard Rock Songs" in 2009. It won the Song of the Year award at the 2000 My VH1 Music Awards, and was also nominated for the Best Rock Video award at the 2000 MTV Video Music Awards, but lost to Limp Bizkit's "Break Stuff".

Appearance in media

 * "Higher" appeared in the films The Skulls and 22 Jump Street.
 * The song had appeared in some of the official trailers for Titan A.E., but did not appear in the film itself or its soundtrack.
 * The book The Ishbane Conspiracy mentions the song.
 * The song was performed live on the November 16, 1999, episode of Late Night with David Letterman, the 2000 Billboard Music Awards, the 2001 Blockbuster Entertainment Awards and the April 23, 2010, episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.
 * "Higher" was performed as part of a medley, which also included "Don't Stop Dancing" and "My Sacrifice", during the bands performance at the halftime show at the 2001 Dallas Cowboys' annual Thanksgiving Day football game on November 22, 2001.
 * "Higher" was used for the closing video package at the 2nd annual WWE Tribute to the Troops professional wrestling event in 2004.
 * The song was released as downloadable content for the music video games Rocksmith 2014 and Rock Band 2.
 * In the film Neighbors, the fraternity boys of Delta Psi sang the first sentence from the chorus during the meeting after reciting their version of Sigma Nu's creed.
 * The Chicago Wolves used the song in a pregame video montage played at Allstate Arena before playoff games en route to winning the 2008 Calder Cup.
 * In Game 3 of the 2023 American League Division Series between the Texas Rangers and Baltimore Orioles, Rangers fans sang along to "Higher" as it was played at Globe Life Field. According to Rangers pitcher Andrew Heaney, the team began listening to Creed's music during the second half of the regular season as motivation. In Game 3 of the 2023 American League Championship Series between the Texas Rangers and Houston Astros, the band made a surprise appearance at Globe Life Field to sing along with Rangers fans to their song; the band earlier tweeted their support for the team. Following their win in Game 7 against the Astros at Minute Maid Park, the Rangers celebrated by singing along to "Higher" in the visitor's locker room. After winning the 2023 World Series, the Rangers celebrated by singing the song in the locker room. That same night at the American Airlines Center, following a game where the Dallas Mavericks defeated the Chicago Bulls, the World Series game was put on the jumbotron and "Higher" was blasted inside the arena following the Rangers' victory. Two days later, the Rangers held their victory parade in Arlington and played the Creed song as they took the stage with the Commissioner's Trophy in front of over half a million Rangers fans.
 * Inspired by the Texas Rangers, the Minnesota Vikings played "Higher" before their Week 6 victory over division rival the Chicago Bears; Vikings quarterback Kirk Cousins credited the song in an interview. The following week, they repeated this before and after their victory over the San Francisco 49ers on Monday Night Football.  Despite the successful use of the song, the Vikings were eliminated from postseason contention.
 * "Higher" was used in an advertisement of Paramount+, made for Super Bowl LVIII, which was released on February 1, 2024. The ad features Patrick Stewart, Drew Barrymore, Tua Tagovailoa, Knuckles the Echidna, Arnold from Hey Arnold!, Peppa Pig, and numerous other properties belonging to Paramount or related to Paramount+ shows. The premise of the ad features the group of characters attempting to get over a tall cliff. After conspiring, Creed (consisting of Scott Stapp and Mark Tremonti) suddenly appears and starts playing "Higher". This gives the characters the energy to tempt fate, and Stewart is seen picking up Arnold, and throwing him like a football (a gag on Arnold's head shape). Throughout the ad, Arnold flies through the air, and the vocals of "Higher" switch between Stapp's studio vocals and parody vocals sung by the characters, including Arnold. Arnold crashes into the cliff, and the characters then look at Peppa as the next candidate (a play on the word "pigskin"). It also shows Lieutenant Jim Dangle (Thomas Lennon) from Reno 911! showing off a Creed tattoo on his lower back.

title: Higher (Creed song)


text: Category:2004 in rugby union

title: Category:2004 in rugby union


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Adeptia BPM Server

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate wasCopyvio, All Deleted under CSD A8. Ëvilphoenix Burn! 03:02, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Adeptia BPM Server
Also similar articles at Adeptia Inc, Adeptia Integration Server, Adeptia XML Mapper. All were tagged for speedy, but don't seem to qualify, though they should be deleted as spam. R. fiend 13:16, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - sorry, I'm not quite familiar with the AfD process yet so I tagged these as speedy hoping that someone would know the right thing to do :) *goes and reads up on deletion process* Keithlard 13:54, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Copyvio from  I'd put that on the articles but don't want to complicate the Afd further.     Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   20:36, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Gentlemen, please keep in mind that we now have CSD A8, which is speedy for copyvios. All of these articles are copyvios and could have been tagged as such. Please don't hesitate to add a copyvio and speedy tag for articles that are in violation, it's much easier and faster than full AfD. Even if something is already on AfD, we can get rid of it that much faster if you go ahead and speedy it. Thanks for the vigilance, keep up the good work. Ëvilphoenix Burn! 03:02, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:20Q

Untitled
Before exploring more in the hand held version of 20Q it might be noted that there is a larger version with a base of about 8 inches that supports a purple dome on which the questions and guesses are projected by means of some motorized mechanism and light source. The games is controlled by an on and off switch under the unit and a hole for reset to be activated by a paperclip or similar item. Reset is for use when static electricity causes the game to fail. It has buttons for Unknown, Rarely, No, Yes (which also functions as "on" and "new game"), sometimes, undo (if the player incorrectly answers the question the player can press undo and go back to the question to change the answer) and sound on/off. The domed version always starts with the selections of Animal? Vegetable? Mineral? Other? or Unknown? The toy units ask 20 questions then displays its guess. If the item is not identified in 20 questions, the games try five more questions and guesses again. There is also a "big" size model which is rectangular.

That having been said, it may be sufficient to say that: The Twenty Questions game is also the basis for plastic toy versions by toy maker Radica (r) under licence from Radica Games Ltd. which produces versions of a game called 20Q, a trademark of 20Q NET, INC. The company also has an online version of the game which as of this writing is found online at WWW.20Q.COM. Also see WWW.RADICAGAMES.COM. The company also has an online message board. The plastic toy versions do not learn from play but the online game keeps track of answers and "learns" from being played.74.67.49.203 07:06, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

Existing (past/present) languages for the handheld version
I am trying to record for which languages a handheld version is/was available. I've got the Italian version (found in a toystore on the airport in Venice). It is the real thing, because of the brand Radica: and references to the official websites. According to the official site, only English, French and German versions are sold. Bcurfs 10 May 2006

20Q: Italian was removed form the website at the request of the Italian distributor. Dutch was among the first languages translated and the product should be in stores in the Netherlands.

And indeed, by now I found the Dutch version. Besides the previously mentioned languages (including Italian) no other languages seem to exist. It be mentioned that the online version of 20Q features the following languages: American, British, Canadian, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Chinese (2 languages), Dutch, Hungarian, Czechian, Greek, Danish, Swedish, Portugese. Bcurfs 21:51, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

The other languages exist on the website. The 20Q AI plays online at www.20Q.net in: Canadian English, British English, American English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Swedish, Polish, Portuguese, Danish, Finnish, Hungarian, Greek, Czech, Cantonese, Mandarin, Japanese, Korean (in test mode). The pocket games are sold (generally in the market for their specific language) in: English, French, Italian, German, Japanese, Chinese, Dutch. There are new specialty versions of the handheld game available in the United States and Canada. The toy is a bonus, the online game continues to learn and the original game played its 44,843,491st game today. Someone other than me launched this page about 20Q. I try to check in from time to time to make sure the information is accurate.

Functioning of handheld version.
It seems a bit unknown how the handheld version works.

For one thing, what is the reset button for?

The reset button restarts the game.

I read somewhere that it is stated that the handheld version does not learn from the responses it receives. Can anyone confirm / deny this based on fact or documentation?

Correct, the pocket games do not learn; the cost to produce the chip that would contain a learning knowledgebase would be very expensive.

I can't think of a proper function for the reset button if its internal information structure does NOT change with time. Bcurfs 10 May 2006

I contacted 20Q via the form on their website www.20q.net and got an answer to these two questions. 20Q: The reset button on the handheld "reboots" the chip, starting the program over in the event the game locks up. The buttons on the left and right of the product adjust the speed of the text scrolling. 20Q: In order to keep the cost of the product low, the handheld does not learn. We are considering this feature for future products. Bcurfs 21:42, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

NPOV note
The advertorial tone of the handheld section has been revised.20Qer 21:17, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

Over time, I'm learning more about editorial policies, however, I'd like to know how long it takes to have the messages that appear at the top of the article about cleanup, NPOV, etc., removed by the unseen, unnamed Benevolent Wikipedia Editor20Qer 21:17, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

How does it work?
This article should point a curious reader in the right direction to really learn how 20Q works. It links to artificial neural network, which is all well and good, but not enough. Even neglecting the learning aspect of things, how can a neural network take a series of yes/no answers and (a) decide on the next question to ask, and (b) guess what the answer is? How much of the algorithm was hand-coded and how much did the neural network figure out? —Ben FrantzDale 20:51, 26 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Very good questions. My pure conjecture is that it is not a standard neural network in configuration. Rather it consists of a huge matrix of questions and objects. It starts out with the special hard-coded question of "Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral". Given that answer it ranks the possible objects according to the number of times a person has identified the object in question in that category. At no point does the system ever rule any object out (unless it asks that object, and you say no), but it keeps tracks of a probability for every object. Then it randomly chooses a question from the list of questions not yet asked, weighting the chosen question according to how it is to narrow down the list of most probable objects by approximately 50%. Updating the probabilities of every object according to the question result. This continues until it is reasonably certain about the object in question. At this point it will start asking some other questions about the object, attempting to gain more information about it. (Only in versions with learning enabled, such as the online version) These new questions are often quite noticeably different from the previous questions, and are normally questions that it has very few answers for this particular object. Then it will guess the object. At the end if it has successfully determined the object, it will update the matrix to include the responses given for each question asked (so it might add one to Matrix["Hot dog"]["Is it edible"][YES], and Matrix["Hot dog"]["Is it commonly found in nature?"][NO], etc.) 66.254.242.239 (talk) 21:59, 18 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Also keep in mind that they are not just yes or no questions, but "Yes/No/Irrelevant/Probably/Doubtful/Sometimes" questions. That helps a bit. 66.254.242.239 (talk) 22:03, 18 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Just see the patent, it is covered in some detail there. pgr94 (talk) 22:31, 18 April 2009 (UTC)

I understand that the objects are learned by users who play the game. However, where are the questions learned from? Full Decent (talk) 20:20, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

How smart can it be?
You were thinking MAMMOTH! does it have a trunk? you said yes. 20q thinks: doubtful. >.> —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.122.63.142 (talk) 19:34, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

The problem with this is, that most people do NOT think of a mammoth and when asked the question 'Does it have a trunk?', the player may interpret this word as the trunk of a car... and the program may even ask this question in the series of questions when the player is thinking of a CAR (which is a much more popular word). In other words, there is no guarantee that any question has only one meaning. In fact this is almost certainly not the case for any question. The program only tries to narrow down its search and if the answer should be 'yes', this does not completely contradict doubtful. It is pretty smart of the program to then conclude that a mammoth 'doubtful' has a trunk. To the player this indicates that there is some evidence of a mixup of words. The program will reflect this mixup in 'strange' conclusions. But the players are the ones that give the question different meanings. Bcurfs (talk) 07:07, 12 February 2011 (UTC)

Misspelling of "20Q"
I would like to take this time to remind editors of the proper spelling of "20Q". Many misspellings of the name are "2oQ". Please do not make this mistake. the name consists of the number "20" and the letter "Q". I have seen the title misspelled many times on many pages on Wikipedia. VmKid (talk) 00:05, 6 July 2009 (UTC)

Not invented in 1988
I played this game on a computer in the London Science Museum in 1979. I don't have any proof of this and so cannot put it in the article. Paul Beardsell (talk) 04:57, 5 January 2018 (UTC)

Nomination of 20Q for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article 20Q is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/20Q until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Mokadoshi (talk) 17:01, 13 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:20Q


text:
Talk:Caveat emptor

'Caveat utilitor' mentioned in the List of Latin Phrases but not here
From List of Latin phrases (C) (which links back to this page):

 * Phrases modeled on this one replace emptor with lector, subscriptor, venditor, utilitor: "reader", "signer", "seller", "user"

However, this page doesn't mention caveat utilitor at all.

From https://definitions.uslegal.com/c/caveat-utilitor/:
 * Caveat Utilitor is a Latin term which means let the user beware. The user is responsible for checking whether the goods suit his or her need.

I would suggest adding this paragraph (or a paraphrase of it) to the main text. A quick search on Bing showed that many academic papers use the expression caveat utilitor in the sense of 'let the user beware'.

I came across that term a few decades ago, on one of the earliest examples of a libre license, but unfortunately, I can't produce a copy of that...

Gwyneth Llewelyn (talk) 20:52, 19 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Caveat emptor


text: Category:Nature conservation in Finland

title: Category:Nature conservation in Finland


text:
Cryptarrhena

Cryptarrhena is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae). It consists of 3 known species, native to the New World Tropics.

List of species

 * Cryptarrhena guatemalensis Schltr. (1911) - Central America, Trinidad, South America as far south as Brazil and Peru
 * Cryptarrhena kegelii Rchb.f. (1852) - South America as far south as Brazil and Bolivia
 * Cryptarrhena lunata R.Br. (1816) - Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Peru, Trinidad, Jamaica

title: Cryptarrhena


text:
User talk:Dave Sims

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Also, I do hate to have to tell you this, but the article you put in the main encyclopedia space, the one that's a duplicate of your user page? It's being deleted. DS 13:18, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Dave Sims


text:
John Costa

John A. Costa is an American labor union leader.

Born in Newark, New Jersey, Costa began working for NJ Transit in 1981, and joined the Amalgamated Transit Union. He held various posts in his local union, before in 2001 winning election as its president. In 2008 he became chair of the union's New Jersey State Council, and then in 2010 he won election as an international vice-president of the union. He became known for his bargaining skills, negotiating contracts across the United States.

Costa was appointed as president of the union in May 2019, and then won an election in September, to hold the post on an ongoing basis. He also serves as a vice-president of the AFL-CIO, and on the board of Jobs to Move America.

title: John Costa


text: Category:Tourism in Finland

title: Category:Tourism in Finland


text: Category:2005 in rugby union

title: Category:2005 in rugby union


text:
Kia Bongo

The Kia Bongo (Hangul:기아 봉고), also known as the Kia K-Series or Kia Besta, is a cabover pickup truck and van produced by the South Korean automobile manufacturer Kia since 1980.

The Bongo was first launched in 1980 under the name Bongo. In 1997, the third generation Bongo Frontier was launched. As of 2004, the Kia Bongo was in its fourth version, confusingly sold as the Kia Bongo III. "Frontier" was dropped from the name with this revision.

Background
Kia has produced small and large trucks for the South Korean market for at least 25 years. Rear-wheel-drive Bongo trucks have been on the market in Korea since at least the late 1980s, and these were equipped with a four-cylinder diesel engine. The Kia Bongo Frontier was originally available in RV or pickup trucks. It was replaced by the Kia Bongo III in 2004. The Bongo Frontier was one of the first Kia cars to be exported to Europe and South America.

In some markets, such as Europe, Australia and South America, the Bongo is branded as the Kia K-Series or the Kia Frontier, which includes the K2400 and K2700. In Taiwan, it is known as the Kia Kaon, while in Vietnam, it is manufactured under license by THACO and sold as the THACO Kia New Frontier.

First generation (1980–1994)
Production of the truck started in 1980 and the van started in 1981. Early Bongos had round headlights, although these were changed for square units in 1981. The first Bongos also used "Kiamaster" logos rather than simply "Kia"; this was changed in February 1986. The Bongo originally came with the 2.2 liter "S2" diesel engine of Perkins origins, producing 70 PS. The 1.4 liter "UC" petrol engine became an option in 1985. 'Wide Bongo' production started in 1987. Between 1987 and 1990 the Bongo was sold as the "Power Bongo", to reflect an upgrade to the 80 PS 2.4 litre "SF" diesel engine. The Power Bongo also has wide rectangular headlights, rather than the smaller units used previously. The first generation Bongo was removed from production in December 1994, although the tougher Ceres version continued for another seven years.

Kia Ceres
The Kia Ceres was a special agricultural version. It was a one-ton truck that shared a slightly longer front end with the Kia Titan. From 1987, it was also available with four-wheel drive; eventually the rear-wheel drive models were cancelled in the domestic market. Certain export markets with more rugged conditions, such as the Philippines, Latin America, Australia, and Turkey, received the Ceres model rather than the Bongo (in some places, both were available). The Ceres utilized the original BA2 cabin, except it uses a unique front clip. It was facelifted in 1995 when it received a new front clip with round headlights and the then-new Kia logo.

Second generation (1990–1997)
In January 1990 the second generation Bongo Wide (sold as plain "Bongo" in most export markets) appeared. It was largely a rebadged SR-series Mazda Bongo Brawny. In 1993, a 2.7-litre engine was introduced. In October 1994, Kia's new logo replaced the old "chimney" design. In 1995 a reengined and lightly facelifted version called the "Bongo J2" appeared; this reflected the name of the new engine. The second generation Bongo model for passengers (coach) is named the Kia "BestA" (or "HiBesta"), usually referred to as 'Besta'—which means "beast" in many Romance languages including Portuguese. This did not stop the Besta from immediately becoming the highest selling minivan in the Brazilian market. The Besta name was also used for cargo van versions in many countries. The Besta originally had the 2.2 liter Mazda R2 diesel engine with 62 PS, but at the end of 1994 the 80 PS 2.7 liter J2 unit was placed in the Besta as well. This version can reach 128 km/h.

The Bongo J2 also formed the basis for the new Kia Pregio, which replaced the Kia Besta (the coach version of the Bongo). The Besta 2.7 did continue in production alongside the Pregio until at least the summer of 1997 for markets where this lower priced model retained some popularity. Export models of the second generation Bongo often used the K2400 or K2700 labels.

Third generation (1997–2004)
The third generation Bongo appeared in April 1997, now with the "Bongo Frontier" name. The related van version, Pregio, was introduced in November 1995 and continued in production until 2006. A four-wheel drive version ("Bongo Frontier All Terrain") appeared in December 1999, this meant the final end of the Ceres trucks (with origins dating back to the 1977 Mazda Bongo BA2). The third Bongo had the same JS series 2.7 litre engine with 80 PS as used in the previous model, although an optional 3 litre JT engine with 90 PS was also made available from the beginning. In August 2001 this engine received an additional four horsepower.

Facelift
A facelifted Bongo was introduced in 2000. The truck was discontinued in late 2003, while the Van and Coach models continued to be built until May 2005. With stricter emissions controls coming into effect in South Korea in 2006, the 4x4 dump truck model was discontinued at the same time.

Fourth generation (2005–present)
The fourth generation, known as the Kia Bongo III, was introduced in 2005, engines were modernized, featuring a common rail option, which is gradually becoming more environmentally friendly.

Due to tighter emissions rules, the 1.2-ton and 1.4-ton variants were discontinued in November 2006. The coachvan, van and trucks except the 1-ton and 1.3-ton models were ceased in production on December 31, 2007, due to low demand. The Bongo III went on hiatus between October 2011 and January 2012, due to tighter emissions rules, but reemerged with a Euro V compliant engine.

The Bongo III was exclusively available in the Philippines as the K2700, from May 2005 to August 2018. It was later replaced by the K2500 in September 2018, which it gained a driver airbag. The K2700 Panoramic was replaced in 2019 by the K2500 Karga, "karga" is the Filipino word for "carry".

In Thailand, the Bongo III is known as the Kia Jumbo since 2005.

In Indonesia, the Bongo III is known as the Kia Big-Up since 2004. It was also available as a coachvan variant, known as the Kia Travello. The Travello was discontinued in 2019. This resulted in the coachvan variant becoming limited to custom builds from coachbuilders.

European sales of the Kia K-Series (with an exception of Russia and Turkey) has been discontinued in late 2007.

Facelift
Kia Bongo was updated in 2014, with new gearbox 6-speed engine and much more efficient Euro IV standards, new body design that includes different front and added grille, and wheels increased in size to 15 inches. The K2500, K2700 and K3000S have either a 2.5-litre turbocharged engine that delivers 130 PS, or an optional, more old-fashioned 2.7-litre engine that pushes out just 80 PS and another 3.0 liter that adds five more horsepower from the 2.7 litre. It provides all the sufficient loading capabilities, also they have three cab options: standard, super and double cabin. There is another model that is called the K400S and K4000G, which is the bigger van version of the K2500, the K2700 and the K3000II.

In January 2020, an EV version was launched in South Korea. It can go up to 211 km on a charge.

title: Kia Bongo


text:
One Last Breath (Creed song)

"One Last Breath" is a power ballad by American rock band Creed. The band's lead vocalist, Scott Stapp, wrote the song over a period of three weeks and recorded at J. Stanley Productions Inc in Ocoee, Florida. The lyrics of the song are about reflecting on past mistakes and seeking comfort from friends who want to help. It was released in April 2002 as the third single from their third studio album, Weathered (2001).

The song reached number six on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming their fourth and final top-10 hit. It also reached number five on the Mainstream Rock chart and Billboard Hot 100 Airplay, number four on the Mainstream Top 40 chart, and number two on the Adult Top 40 chart. Worldwide, the song peaked at number 43 in Australia, number 29 in New Zealand, number 47 in the United Kingdom, where the song was released as a double A-side with "Bullets", and reached number 41 on the Irish Singles Chart.

Writing and recording
Prior to recording the Weathered album, Creed had agreed that during the tour for Human Clay that no new songs could be written, so that the band members could "live life and have experiences". The band also agreed that they would not listen to any music between the ending of the Human Clay tour and the start of writing sessions for Weathered, so as not to allow any other music to subconsciously influence the band's writing process and to ensure that all the songs came completely from them. "One Last Breath" was written within a three-week period along with all the other material from the album, which was done primarily in Scott Stapp's living room during four-hour sessions, as well as on his Sea Ray cruiser.

Stapp recalls the writing process for the song in a 2024 interview with Spin, stating "I didn’t feel any particular pressure to write a particular kind of song. I don’t think we ever thought that way; we just wrote what we felt. We just got together and created whatever came out, and we put on a record if we liked it." Stapp noted that after they had completed writing the song, the band felt that they had written something inspiration that would resonate with both them and the fans alike. The band would also use something they called "the goosebump test", where the song would have to give them literal goosebumps after the song was completely written, as they did not want to put any material on the record if it did not pass the test.

The song was recorded and mixed at J. Stanley Productions Inc. recording studio in Ocoee, Florida, during the mid to late 2001 using Pro Tools.

Music and lyrics
As with all of Creed's songs, the music was written by guitarist Mark Tremonti. The song is written in the key of D major, with Tremonti playing in standard E tuning and Stapp singing in his traditional baritone with his vocal range spanning from D3-B4. Tremonti stated in an interview with Songfacts that the song contains one of his favorite guitar lines and musical compositions that he ever wrote.

"'One Last Breath' is one of my favorite guitar lines, so it's one of my favorite musical compositions for Creed. It's a song that turned out to be one of our biggest songs we ever put out. I think it had some of the most views we've ever had on YouTube, so it's a very important one for the Creed camp.' — Tremonti"

The lyrics, according to Stapp, were contributed by both he and Tremonti. Stapp recalls writing the lyrics to the verses over a loop of Tremonti's guitar picking, stating that they "came from the bottom of our hearts." He also recalls the artistic chemistry that he and Tremonti had, as well as the spiritual, emotional, and mental connection that would see them each provide lines that they found themselves articulating for each other. Stapp states, "We were on the same wavelength. [A specific lyrical line] may have come from a different place, but it was still one voice, and it was very special. And always straight from the heart."

According to Stapp, the song is about someone crying out for help and realizing the mistakes they've made in their past, as well as being able to lean on one's friends and keeping them close. Stapp also expresses sentiments about how in the minds of "normal, well-adjusted" people, any thoughts of moving beyond this life are not real, and how these surreal thoughts are just flashes-in-the-pan and they would never act upon them.

Further expanding on the meaning behind the song, Stapp recalls that lyrically, "One Last Breath" fit exactly where he personally was at the time, both in mind and spirit. The physical, emotional, and spiritual burnout he was experiencing at the time, which he attributes to the pressure on the band to constantly release new records as well as the aggressive touring schedule, was catching up to him. This, compounded with the taxing effect of the band's meteoric rise in previous years, eventually led him to go down several wrong paths in choosing how to cope with the pressure that would eventually lead to the band's breakup. Mark Tremonti also recalls the song perfectly reflected where the band was at the time, as it was written during the initial stages of the band breaking apart. Calling that period the "darkest time for the band," "One Last Breath" is one of the band's most truthful songs and was "genuinely sung by Scott and genuinely played by us," according to Temonti.

Release and reception
Released on April 15, 2002, as the third single from Weathered, the song was a chart success both in the United States and internationally. "One Last Breath" gave Creed their fourth and final top-10 hit on the US Billboard Hot 100, spending a total of 34 weeks on the chart and peaking at number six on the week of September 28, 2002. The song also reached number five on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart, number four on the Mainstream Top 40 chart, and number two on the Adult Top 40 chart. Internationally, the song peaked at number 43 in Australia and number 29 in New Zealand. In the United Kingdom and Ireland—where the song was released as a double A-side with "Bullets"—it peaked at number 47 on the UK Singles Chart and number 41 on the Irish Singles Chart. It also charted in Germany, peaking at number 89.

Music video
The video was directed by Dave Meyers, who had previously directed the videos for "What If", "With Arms Wide Open" and "My Sacrifice". He would go on to co-direct the video for the band's next single, "Don't Stop Dancing", along with Stapp. Stapp drafted the treatment for the video and explained his ideas to Meyers. They soon found out they both had a shared love and affection for Salvador Dalí, a Spanish painter known for his surrealist artwork. Most of the video was shot against a green screen with computer-generated animations to create the setting in which the band performs in as well as the otherworldly visuals.

"'We've used surreal imagery in our artwork since the beginning, but this is the first video we've fully explored it in. 'My Sacrifice' kind of started the surrealism vibe, but we took this one to a different level. There are backdrops kind of like 'Star Wars,' with all these computer-generated cities and scenes that look real but they're not.' — Stapp"

On the day of the shoot, Stapp was involved in an automobile accident. On April 19, 2002, around 1:40 in the afternoon, Stapp, while driving his Cadillac SUV on Interstate 4 in Florida was struck from behind by a Ford SUV. According to Stapp, the vehicle was going at "probably 50 or 60 miles per hour". Stapp was sent flying forward in his vehicle, with his body hitting the steering wheel and his head hitting the windshield. Stapp, concerned about the wellbeing of the person who hit him, got out of his vehicle to check on the other driver. Although initially the officer on the scene reported no injuries, Stapp soon realized he had not gone unscathed while calling his manager after the accident. He had suffered a concussion from the whiplash and from hitting the windshield. Stapp claims that the police on the scene didn't note any injuries in their report because he refused to call an ambulance or go to the hospital.

Due to prior commitments with director Dave Meyers, Stapp managed to show up to shoot the video the very next day where shooting began at 6:00 a.m. Actress Dawn Cairns, who appeared in the "My Sacrifice" video, also makes an appearance as the woman crying bloody tears into a bowl. The band flew her in from Argentina where she had just finished a shoot two days earlier. Beginning to feel the effects of the accident, Stapp had to be medicated during the shoot to deal with the pain in his head, neck, and spine, and was also suffering from a headache. A doctor and a masseuse were on site during the shooting of the video, and a body double was used for certain scenes Stapp was unable to complete. Stapp was limited in the video as he mainly just stood and sang with little movement or gesticulation. Meyers told Stapp during the shoot that his facial expressions from the pain actually helped in getting the emotion of the song to come across better and noted that he could tell Stapp was in terrible pain during the last shot of the video.

After the shooting was completed, Stapp's pain continued to worsen, and after an MRI on his neck and back it was revealed that the extent of his injuries were worse than once thought. Doctors discovered he had a bulging disk between two vertebrae in his neck and a smashed disk in his lower back. An adjacent missing disk from a congenital condition likely worsened the situation.

Appearances in media
On September 16, 2014, "One Last Breath" was made available as downloadable content as part of the "Creed 5-Song Pack" for the video game Rocksmith 2014 along with "Higher", "My Own Prison", "My Sacrifice" and "With Arms Wide Open".

Track listings
UK CD single
 * 1) "One Last Breath" (radio version)
 * 2) "Bullets" (album version)
 * 3) "I'm Eighteen"
 * 4) "One Last Breath" (video)

UK DVD single
 * 1) "Bullets" (video)
 * 2) "What If" (two-minute video clip)
 * 3) "Torn" (audio)
 * 4) "One Last Breath" (audio)

European CD single
 * 1) "One Last Breath" (radio version) – 3:58
 * 2) "Is This the End" – 6:15

Australian and New Zealand CD single
 * 1) "One Last Breath" (radio version) – 3:58
 * 2) "Is This the End" – 6:15
 * 3) "My Own Prison" (acoustic extended version) – 5:03
 * 4) "One Last Breath" (video) – 3:59

title: One Last Breath (Creed song)


text:
Nicolas Jean Hugou de Basseville

Nicolas Jean Hugou de Bassville or Basseville (7 February 1743 – 13 January 1793), French journalist and diplomat, was born at Abbéville.

Early life and career
Bassville was trained for the priesthood, taught theology in a provincial seminary and then went to Paris. Here in 1784 he published Éléments de mythologie and some poems, which brought him into notice. On the recommendation of the prince of Condé he became tutor to two young Americans travelling in Europe. With them he visited Berlin, made the acquaintance there of Mirabeau, and became a member of the Berlin Royal Academy.

At the outbreak of the Revolution Bassville turned to journalism, becoming editor of the Mercure international. Then, through the Girondist minister Lebrun-Tondu, he entered the diplomatic service, went in May 1792 as secretary of legation to Naples and was shortly afterwards sent, without official status, to Rome.

Assignment to Papal States
In Rome Bassville acted as the outspoken revolutionary he was, rather than a conventional diplomat. He ordered the fleur-de-lys on the escutcheon of the French embassy to be replaced by a picture of Liberty painted by a French art student, proclaimed himself protector of the radical Jacobins in Rome, and demanded the expulsion of the French émigrés who had taken refuge there, including the "demoiselles Capet" (i.e. members of the French Royal Family).

Bassville talked at large of the "purple geese of the Capitol" - i.e., the Sacred geese of Juno who were told in Roman Mythology to have saved the ancient City of Rome, a story taken up and given a Republican interpretation by French Revolutionaries. He met the remonstrances of Cardinal Zelada, the Papal Secretary of State, with insults. At Basseville's initiative symbols of the new French republican regime replaced those of the former monarchy displayed on the French embassy. The Papal authorities had refused permission for this action and a Roman crowd tore down the new insignia.

Murder in Rome
His conduct enraged the more conservative elements of the Roman populace, who considered him to have "insulted the Pope". On 13 January 1793 Bassville, together with his wife, young son and a French naval officer Charles de la Flotte, drove by coach to the Via del Corso. Provocatively the open carriage was decorated with republican insignia and a tricolour flag. A hostile Roman crowd pursued the coach when the occupants refused to discard the tricolour cockades in their hats. The alarmed coachman turned his vehicle into a courtyard fronting on the Palazzo Palombasra. Bassville was stoned and stabbed before being carried into a nearby police station. The Bassville family and la Flotte escaped without harm but he himself died of his injuries. Rioting spread beyond the Via del Corso and attacks were made on the French Academy in Rome, the French Post Office and the homes of believed republican sympathisers.

Aftermath
Although Pius VI had sent his personal physician to attend to the dying Bassville, the affair was magnified in the Convention, being considered "a deliberate murder of the representative of the Republic" by the pope's orders.

In 1797 an article of the treaty of Tolentino compelled the Papal government to pay compensation to Bassville's family.

Writings
Among his writings is included Mémoires historiques, critiques et politiques sur la Révolution de France (Paris 1790; English trans. London, 1790).

title: Nicolas Jean Hugou de Basseville


text:
Ifor Bach

Ifor Bach (meaning Ivor the Short) (fl. 1158) also known as Ifor ap Meurig and in anglicised form Ivor Bach, Lord of Senghenydd, was a twelfth-century resident in and a leader of the Welsh in south Wales.

Welsh Lord of Senghenydd
At this period the Normans had conquered England, but large areas of Wales were still under the control of the native Welsh Princes and Lords. Whilst parts of the old Welsh Kingdom of Morgannwg (which was to become Glamorgan) had fallen to the Normans, Ifor ap Meurig held land in Senghenydd, a region of Morgannwg which had not yet fallen completely. Broadly Senghennydd was the upland area bounded by Brecknock to the north, between the River Taff and the Rhymney River and abutting Cefn Onn in the south.

The Norman Lord of the region was William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester.

In 1158 he attacked and killed Morgan ab Owain, Welsh Lord of Caerleon and Gwynllwg (anglicised as Wentloog).

Kidnapped the Earl of Gloucester
According to Giraldus Cambrensis in the Itinerarium Cambriae, in 1158 Ifor Bach was a tenant of William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, who held Cardiff Castle. Gloucester was trying to take land which under Welsh law belonged to Ifor.

Ifor scaled the walls of Cardiff Castle using his bare hands, seized the Earl, his Countess Hawise, a daughter of the Earl of Leicester, and their young son Robert, and kidnapped all of them to the woods of Senghenydd. He refused to release them until he had recovered the land he had lost "and a lot more".

Descendants
Ifor ap Meurig was son of Meurig Fychan Cydifor (Father) and Gwyladys Verch Ithel (Mother).

He married Nest, sister of Rhys ap Gruffudd (also known as The Lord Rhys).

Descendants of Ifor ap Meurig continued to hold sway in the area and to harry the Normans for at least another century. He was succeeded by his son Gruffudd before 1170. Gruffudd ap Ifor married Mabel FitzRobert, a natural daughter of Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and half sister of the kidnapped earl. Ifor's descendants included his grandson Morgan Gam and his great-grandson Llywelyn Bren and, through Gruffudd and Mabel, Franklin Pierce.

Ifor ap Meurig is reputed to have built a medieval castle on the site now occupied by Castell Coch.

Modern times
Clwb Ifor Bach, a nightclub in Cardiff's castle quarter is named after him, as is Ysgol Ifor Bach, a Welsh medium primary school in Senghennydd, Caerphilly.

title: Ifor Bach


text:
It Had Better Be Tonight (Meglio stasera)

"Meglio stasera" (known in English as "It Had Better Be Tonight") is a 1963 song in samba rhythm with music by Henry Mancini, Italian lyrics by Franco Migliacci and English lyrics by Johnny Mercer. It was composed for the 1963 film The Pink Panther, in which it was performed by Fran Jeffries. In addition to the vocal performance, instrumental portions of the song appear in the film's underscore, sometimes as an introduction to the main "Pink Panther Theme".

Lyrics and translation
The beginning of the song, in the original Italian, is here followed by a literal translation and the first two lines of the English version which contains an Italian expression, "Fa' subito!", which translates as "do it right away", but which does not appear in the Italian lyrics. However, all the versions carry the same underlying meaning of "Let's make love tonight, because who knows what will happen tomorrow."

 * Italian version
 * Meglio stasera, che domani o mai,
 * Domani chi lo sa, quel che sarà?

 * Literal translation of the Italian version
 * Better tonight, than tomorrow or never,
 * Tomorrow who knows, what will be?

 * English version
 * Meglio stasera, baby, go-go-go,
 * Or as we natives say, "Fa' subito!"

 * Spanish version
 * Mejor ahora, ya mañana no,
 * Si quieres ser mi amor decídelo.

Other versions
The song has been recorded in a number of versions. The Italian version performed by Fran Jeffries appears in the film, but not on the soundtrack album. An instrumental that resembles the underscore of Jeffries' version is included on the soundtrack album, as is a group vocal with only vaguely related English lyrics (which can be heard in the film during the fancy-dress ball and costume party whilst the attempted robbery is taking place). Another Italian version, arranged by Ennio Morricone and performed by Miranda Martino, in 1963, appears on the compilation album Da Hollywood a Cinecittà. Morricone later also did an instrumental version on compilation albums. Another version appears in another Sellers, Blake Edwards & Mancini collaboration, the 1968 film The Party. Other singers to subsequently record the song include Sarah Vaughan, on her 1965 album Sarah Vaughan Sings the Mancini Songbook, and Lena Horne. An instrumental lounge-style version was recorded by The Hub Kings on their album This Way. John Barrowman performed the song during his 2008 tour. Accordionist Frank Marocco recorded the song together with "Quando, quando, quando", as part of a two-song medley on his compilation album Beyond the Sea. His arrangement appears in one of his sheet-music book combinations, titled Latin Rhythms. A Chill-style remake of this song was done by Italian group Mondo Candido. It appears on the mix album Buddha Bar V. A mambo-style version of the song was recorded by the swing revival group Lee Press-on and the Nails for the album El Bando en Fuego. A version of the song was recorded by Mic Gillette on his album Ear Candy. A Spanish version was also recorded in Santiago, Chile, by Bambi, a popular singer in the mid-1960s. The title was "Mejor Ahora". The Greek singer Elli Paspala performed the Italian version on her 1993 live album Η Ελλη Πασπαλά στο Μέγαρο Μουσικής (Elli Paspala at the Concert Hall).

Michael Bublé version
"It Had Better Be Tonight (Meglio Stasera)" was later covered by Canadian crooner Michael Bublé, and released as the fourth single from his third studio album, Call Me Irresponsible. Bublé's version of the song is an adaptation of the musical arrangement previously made for Lena Horne.

Background
Bublé's version of the song reached #74 in the UK Singles Chart after being used in an advertising campaign for Marks & Spencer. The track became one of Bublé's most remixed songs, with mixes by Eddie Amador being made available for download. No music video was made to accompany the release, as Bublé was away on tour at the time of the single's release. A promotional physical version of the single was made available in the United States, where other countries only received a digital release of the single.

Track listing

 * Promotional CD single
 * 1) "It Had Better Be Tonight (Meglio Stasera)" (Eddie Amador's Club Mix) - 7:45
 * 2) "It Had Better Be Tonight (Meglio Stasera)" (Eddie Amador's Club Dub) - 5:15
 * 3) "It Had Better Be Tonight (Meglio Stasera)" (Eddie Amador's House Lovers Mix) - 8:04
 * 4) "It Had Better Be Tonight (Meglio Stasera)" (Eddie Amador's House Lovers Dub) - 6:46
 * 5) "It Had Better Be Tonight (Meglio Stasera)" (Eddie Amador's House Lovers Extra Love) - 4:42

 * Digital download
 * 1) "It Had Better Be Tonight (Meglio Stasera)" (Zoned Out Mix) - 3:16
 * 2) "It Had Better Be Tonight (Meglio Stasera)" (Star City Remix) - 3:23
 * 3) "It Had Better Be Tonight (Meglio Stasera)" (Eddie Amador's House Lovers Extra Love) - 4:42
 * 4) "It Had Better Be Tonight (Meglio Stasera)" (Eddie Amador's House Lovers Dub) - 6:46
 * 5) "It Had Better Be Tonight (Meglio Stasera)" (Eddie Amador's House Lovers Mix) - 8:04
 * 6) "It Had Better Be Tonight (Meglio Stasera)" (Eddie Amador's Club Dub) - 5:15
 * 7) "It Had Better Be Tonight (Meglio Stasera)" (Eddie Amador's Club Mix) - 7:45


text:
User talk:Bortolotto~enwiki

Welcome
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Just a few quick tips:
 * Our Tutorial explains how to edit; you can experiment in the test area.
 * We have help pages, and if they don't help (can happen :-), post a question at the Help Desk.
 * Remember that we strive to have unbiased articles.
 * Eventually, you might want to read our Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Use the "Preview" button below the edit box! It helps you catch layout, format, and spelling errors before saving.
 * To sign your messages (to talk pages, for instance—like I do below), add four tildes (~~~~) to your posts. The software will replace them by your signature and a time stamp when you save the page.

Anyway, have fun improving this encyclopedia! Lupo 13:21, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Bortolotto Design Architect
Please note that Wikipedia is not an advertising platform. Lupo 13:21, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Bortolotto. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Bortolotto~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:44, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:11, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bortolotto~enwiki


text:
Sobraliinae

Sobraliinae is a subtribe of orchids (family Orchidaceae). Sobraliinae includes two genera, Elleanthus and Sobralia. It is a sub-tribe of the subfamily Epidendroideae, family Orchidaceae. The APG III classification now considers that it is the tribe of Sobralieae also including the genus Sertifera, whereas before, this sub-tribe was not classified in a tribe.

title: Sobraliinae


text: User talk:85.98.9.147

title: User talk:85.98.9.147


text: Category:2006 in rugby union

title: Category:2006 in rugby union


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bortolotto Design Architect

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy (by User:Brookie) as blanked by author. Lupo 07:51, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Bortolotto Design Architect
Blatant advertisement, vanity. Delete Lupo 13:23, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Advertisement --Wetman 18:14, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Adcruft.--Isotope23 18:41, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ethnicity Rules

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:48, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Ethnicity Rules
This article is an essay on racism. I don't think there's anything that can be salvaged, valid points are covered in better articles, and a redirect wouldn't make much sense. -- Kjkolb 13:24, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as a neologism. As pointed out in the nom, most if not all of the valid arguments in this article are covered elsewhere (and if there are any that are not they should be cleaned up and added to the existing article on Racism.  I will give the author some kudos for at least sourcing the article... even if it is poorly written.--Isotope23 15:14, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as personal POV essay. It's probably OR as well, given that the inline sources are simply dicdefs of the phrases used, rather than actual sources. The sources at the bottom are not referred to directly to support the arguments. MCB 23:58, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.