text:
Talk:Citroën C1

It would be nice with some links to owners-/user- reviews of this car, preferably with lots of pics.

Proposal: Merging articles on Peugeot 107, Citroën C1 and Toyota Aygo?
See this proposal.

HHahn (Talk)  15:28, 13 July 2010 (UTC)

99g per km CO2 model
The new 2012 model (with the LED daylight running lights) and equipped with the 1.0 petrol engine, theoretically emits just 99 grammes of carbon dioxide per kilometre driven, putting it in the UK tax band A meaning no road tax is payable on it at all in the UK, even after the first year! --86.157.83.117 (talk) 20:06, 13 October 2012 (UTC)

Why is CO2 being deleted??
I see no apparent reason for this, so I am contesting it. Thanks, George (My Talk Page) 22:13, 22 January 2014 (UTC)

 * It was just a temporary deletion while some of the variations were renamed (eg ). It's back now, so I have restored its use in this article.  Stepho  talk 23:41, 22 January 2014 (UTC)

Was the 1KR-FE ever in the second gen and is the C1 "enterprise" real?
I've tried googling and looking through dealer brochures but I can't find any evidence that the second gen had the 1KR-FE or if the first gen Enterprise ever existed. RealNZZN (talk) 16:17, 21 December 2020 (UTC)

Rear image removal
Why was the rear image from the first and second generation removed but the rear images of the facelifts kept? Most other automotive pages have a front and rear image. RealNZZN (talk) 20:31, 19 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Only 1 rear image was removed and that was because an image illustrating the same part of the car appears 3 sections later in the article, and there is no particular need to have the rear of the car shown twice. It just creates more text wrapping for no reason. I also readded the horizontal table and fixed any issue of overflow since the vertical table creates a lot of whitespace for no reason. And I readded the NCAP results you removed since this is relevant information that should be in the article. Terasail [✉] 22:07, 19 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I readded the pre-facelift rear image with gallery to avoid text wrapping, and restored vertical sales table to conform with countless other car articles and for easy mobile reading. White space usually wasn't really a problem as long it's tidy enough. Andra Febrian (talk) 07:43, 20 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Citroën C1


text: User talk:68.97.56.17

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:68.97.56.17


text:
Outwork

An outwork is a minor fortification built or established outside the principal fortification limits, detached or semidetached. Outworks such as ravelins, lunettes (demilunes), flèches and caponiers to shield bastions and fortification curtains from direct battery were developed in the 16th century. Later, the increasing scale of warfare and the greater resources available to the besieger accelerated this development, and systems of outworks grew increasingly elaborate and sprawling as a means of slowing the attacker's progress and making it more costly. When taken by an enemy force, their lack of rear-facing ramparts left them totally open to fire from the main works.

An advanced work, a fortification detached and forward of the main castle or fortification, is sometimes referred to as a type of outwork or 'advanced outwork'.

The hornwork and crownwork are subtypes of outworks.

title: Outwork


text:
Ezzolied

The Ezzolied, also known as the Cantilena de miraculis Christi (Song of the miracles of Christ) or the Anegenge (Beginning),  is an early Middle High German poem written in the 1060s by Ezzo, a German scholar and priest of Bamberg. It is the first poetic text of the High Middle Ages to join German vernacular and Latin learning.

Context
The "Vita Altmanni" relates that in 1065, when rumours of the approaching end of the world were rife, many people started on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem under the leadership of Bishop Gunther of Bamberg, and that Ezzo composed the poem on this occasion. The opening strophe of the Vorau manuscript does not mention the pilgrimage, but simply states that the bishop ordered Ezzo to write the song.

It survives in two recensions, associated with Strasbourg and Vorau. The poem was found by Barack in a Strasbourg manuscript of the late 11th century; but only a seven strophes have survived. The version found in Vorau is completed and consists of 34 strophes (because, as the text reminds the reader, Christ "lived among us thirty-three years ... and half of the thirty-fourth"). It is also expanded and the 7th strophe of the Strasbourg version is the 11th of the Vorau manuscript. Further, they also differ in genre as it seems that the Strasbourg version, which has strophes of equal length compared to the Vorau version, was sung while the later version probably not.

The poem is written in the East Franconian dialect; it relates in earnest language the creation, fall, and redemption of mankind.

Content
The subject of the poem is the life of Jesus Christ. The trinitarian concept of God forms an important link between the beginning, middle and end of the poem: in the beginning the Trinity is revealed at the creation of mankind, in the middle at the baptism of Christ and at the end in the redemption of man.

Compared with the later Vorau version (around 1120), the Strasbourg version does not include a section on Christ's childhood, showing the growing interest in this part of Christ's life during the twelfth century.

Influence
Very popular during the later Middle Ages, the Ezzolied had a great influence on the poetry of Southern Germany, and is valuable as a monument of the poetical literature of the time. It reveals, together with other German literature of the time such as the Annolied a growing awareness and pride in belonging to a larger collective of Germans. It was edited by P. Piper and Steinmayer (in Müllenhoff and Scherer "Denkmäler deutscher Poesie und Prosa aus dem VIII-XII Jahrhundert", Berlin, 1892).

title: Ezzolied


text: User talk:209.181.17.57

title: User talk:209.181.17.57


text:
File:Gregory Crewdson untitled photo.jpg

Summary
Untitled photo from Gregory Crewdson's series Beneath the Roses (2003-2005). © 2005 Gregory Crewdson. Taken from

Fair use for Gregory Crewdson
The image linked here is claimed to be used under fair use because:
 * 1) It is only used for nonprofit educational purposes.
 * 2) The image is only of a low resolution, and therefore subsequent copies would be of inferior quality.
 * 3) Due to the image's low resolution and the resulting lack of detail, its inclusion does not lessen its commercial value.
 * 4) The image's inclusion in the article adds significantly to the article, as it is used to illustrate the style and mood of the artist's work.

Fair use rationale in Emily Tsingou
This low resolution image is used in the WP article on art dealer Emily Tsingou, in a section on the program of a contemporary art gallery which exhibited this artist's work - the presentation of this low resolution jpg file adds more than words alone could impart. It is believed that this is fair use and does not infringe copyright. There is no known free alternative available. According to section 107 of the United States Copyright Act of 1976: The fair use of a copyrighted work...for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright.

The image is used for non-profit purposes. This factor is noted as relevant by the Act.


text:
Richard M. Webster

Richard M. Webster (April 29, 1922 – March 4, 1990) was an American politician from Missouri. He attended the University of Missouri and worked as an attorney in Carthage, Missouri. He was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives, in 1948, 1950, and 1953 (special election). He served as Speaker of the House in 1954. He was elected to the Missouri State Senate in 1962 and was re-elected 6 times. He served in the Missouri Senate until his death in 1990.

Webster was married to the former Janet Poston Whitehead for 42 years. Their son, William L. Webster served as Missouri Attorney General. Their oldest son, Richard M. Webster, Jr. continues to live in Carthage, Missouri and served as the Jasper County Auditor.

title: Richard M. Webster


text:
User talk:Moneydick

I'm just a wiki lover

title: User talk:Moneydick


text:
User:Xiphon/sandbox

TO DO
 * Start editing wikipedia and stop playing Imperial Glory.
 * Notes for apartheid
 * Langebaanweg article write
 * Revert vandalism
 * Snoop around fixing grammar and spelling

-- My Signature Policy:

My standard signature shall be as follows-- Xiph o  n, but for ceremonial occassions I may be inclined to use the following: Xiph o  n. Hopefully this will conserve bandwith for everyone.

title: User:Xiphon/sandbox


text:
Suicide Notes and Butterfly Kisses

Suicide Notes and Butterfly Kisses is the debut studio album by American metalcore band Atreyu. It was released on June 4, 2002, under Victory Records. The album featured re-worked versions of the songs "Living Each Day Like You're Already Dead", "Someone's Standing on My Chest" and "Tulips Are Better", which originally appeared on the band's 2001 EP, Fractures in the Facade of Your Porcelain Beauty. "Ain't Love Grand" and "Lip Gloss and Black" were released as singles and music videos were also made for these two songs. The latter video found significant airplay on Headbangers Ball and Uranium in the fall of 2003.

The album has sold more than 240,000 copies worldwide (according to March 2006 Nielsen SoundScan data) and continues to rise.

It is the only album to feature bassist Chris Thomson.

The album was originally to be released under the title of The Death Rock Diaries. The album name change simply came from the band liking Suicide Notes and Butterfly Kisses more as a title.

Limited edition re-release
On February 23, 2004, Victory Records re-released Suicide Notes and Butterfly Kisses as a "limited edition" with new liner notes from the band. The new version of the album shipped with a bonus DVD. The DVD contains a live concert featuring six songs at the Showcase Theatre, Corona, California held on December 27, 2003, two of the band's music videos, a documentary "Lairs" which takes a look at the homes of the band members, and biographies of the members of the band and crew, as follows: Only 25,000 copies of the limited edition version of the album were pressed and each copy is numbered in accordance.
 * "Deanne the Arsonist" (live video)
 * "Someone's Standing on My Chest" (live video)
 * "Ain't Love Grand" (live video)
 * "A Song for the Optimists" (live video)
 * "Dilated" (live video)
 * "Lip Gloss and Black" (live video)
 * "Ain't Love Grand" (music video)
 * "Lip Gloss and Black" (music video)
 * Documentary
 * Biographies

Band line-up

 * Alex Varkatzas - unclean vocals, lyrics
 * Dan Jacobs - guitar
 * Travis Miguel - guitar
 * Chris Thomson - bass
 * Brandon Saller - drums, clean vocals, additional guitar, keyboard

Additional credits

 * Album artwork by Justin Borucki
 * Album layout by Paul Miner
 * DVD artwork (limited edition only) by Justin Borucki and Clifford Raines
 * DVD produced (limited edition only) by Maxx Padilla of Click Vision Productions
 * DVD concert footage (limited edition only) provided by Sean Stiegemeier
 * Guest vocals on "At Least I Know I'm a Sinner" performed by Efrem Schulz (Death by Stereo)
 * Mastered by Alan Douches
 * Ryan Saller - sitar
 * Piano on "Lip Gloss and Black" performed by Jaime Boepple
 * Recorded, mixed and produced by Eric Rachel

Charts
Album - Billboard (North America)

title: Suicide Notes and Butterfly Kisses


text: User talk:86.132.54.203

title: User talk:86.132.54.203


text:
User talk:KevinCole

Welcome to Wikipedia
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers such as yourself:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
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 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -- Spinboy 20:25, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:KevinCole


text: User talk:211.15.48.50

title: User talk:211.15.48.50


text:
Talk:Nabiximols

Sativex
From the article: "Sativex Is basically a Liquid form of Marijuana with one exception, it cannot get you high"

Is this true? I would imagine that the only difference from marijuana is the delivery method, i.e., smoked vs. mucous membrane absorption/ingestion; if the THC and cannibidiol weren't affecting the central nervous system, how would they relieve pain?. Can anyone verify this? It seems a rather unsubstantiated and unscientific claim, but I'll leave it alone til some perspective is gained. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.10.68.139 (talk • contribs) 20:25, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I removed this unsupported assertion. If taken in sufficient amounts, Sativex will produce a high similar to smoking a spliff. JFW | T@lk  21:55, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Not only that, but the instructions for the medication -specifically- state that 'intoxication' is a common side effect, especially when starting off. They also say that if intoxication occurs, one should taper back usage of the medication until it no longer is a problem. - Pacula 14:04, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. I actually have used this medicine and it can get you extremely high.  To get high from it, I've noticed that I had to do about three to four doses (sprays) at once, although I have taken as many as 10-15 sprays at once.  The effects, in my opinion, are slightly distinguishable from smoking cannabis though.  It's kind of like a cannabis-high with less of the feelings of mental euphoria but with more of the physical "body high" effects.  Keep in mind this is a cannabis high that comes through ingestion rather than smoking, so be prepared to be quite high for a long period of time, with the high "spiking" upwards during digestion.  I have been so stoned off Sativex at times, after dinner, I felt like I was losing my mind and could no longer comprehend or remember movies or television that I was watching.  Often I would simply lose conciousness when getting that high.  I would definately not recommend going out in public after doing more than two doses of this stuff.  Torkmann (talk) 05:28, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

Incorrect information
"(Sativex will remain a Schedule 1 controlled drug in the UK)"

The UK doesn't use the Schedule system that America does. It uses a system of drug classes (Class A, B, C). Do they mean it's Class C (the same as cannabis atm) or what? Haddock420 01:43, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

 * That came straight from the GW Pharmaceuticals press release dated 2005/11/15. Anarchist42 23:23, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

The UK uses classes and schedules - for example Anabolic Steroids are Class C, Schedule III, I believe, which means that they are illegal without prescription but do have medicinal purposes. Cannabis medications would therefore most likely be in this class and will remain illegal without prescription.

Just to clarify, the Class system (A, B, C) refers to criminal classification, whereas the schedule system refers to Medical classification. The latter really just has implications for uses, and prescription and storage requirements. Schedule 1 for example means that there is no medical use for it, unless specified by a home office license, which it was in this case. (It is now Schedule 4, but remains class B). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.43.226.171 (talk) 13:20, 30 January 2014 (UTC)

Lilly had tinctures as medicine. Where did Sativex get credit for the worlds only pharma product? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.225.135.19 (talk) 06:43, 3 December 2009 (UTC)

A woman didnt suffered a fatality
Lucky she didn't die. The Real Walrus 23:08, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

Re above: You can not suffer a fatality and not die, thats contradiction in terms. Does any one know the LD50 of THC and CBN? 08:36, 29 August 2007 (UTC)~
 * From the Merck Index, 12th edition. 9349. The LD50 was measured in rats at 1270mg/kg (males) and 730mg/kg(females) given as an oral suspension in oil. It was 40mg/kg in male and female rats by IV. The value for inhalation in rats (corrected for particulate losses etc) was 42mg/kg. The values are reported for the Δ9-THC isomer. Jeff Dahl 22:36, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

This paragraph
This paragraph reads like an advertisement or promotional material from the company (bold text added to point out what I see as unencyclopedic, non-neutral text)

'"In February 2007, GW and Otsuka Pharmaceutical announced an exclusive agreement for Otsuka to develop and market Sativex in the United States. Otsuka is a major global pharmaceutical company, best known for its antipsychotic blockbuster medication, Abilify. Sativex has received permission from the US regulatory authority, the FDA, to enter directly into late stage Phase III trials in the US. The first large scale US trial in the US for cancer patients is expected to start in summer 2007. The 300-patient, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study will evaluate the effect of Sativex in relieving average daily pain, reducing the use of breakthrough opioid medications, improving the quality of sleep and relevant aspects of quality of life among other outcome measures."'

Particularly the last part: it seems predictive rather than narrative. Also "expected to start in summer 2007" -- it is now 2008, so wherever this came from (no citation either) it needs to be updated. I don't have the resources to correct this paragraph without damaging the good parts. User:Pedant (talk) 07:57, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

Also the word 'blockbuster' is inappropriate. Mjpresson (talk) 00:59, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

in the "effectiveness" section, the expression "a trend towards" doesn't mean anything, it is what drug companies say when the results are disappointing, or they don't understand the statistical methods used i.e. i'm guessing a neutral observer didn't write this. It is easy to find negative opinion of the results in the medical literature Andywhatever (talk) 16:14, 8 March 2014 (UTC)

More details for availability
I'm a wiki newbie, and would like to rewrite to break out the position on availability by country. In particular the UK situation, where although the medicine is approved, the funding decisions of many health authorities make it impossible to actually obtain it. This is well attested in various news articles. I would submit that (UK wise) this is a very important fact, as the existence of SativeX has repeated been used in attempts to short circuit the wider issue of UK drug laws, and the medicinal values of cannabis. — Preceding unsigned comment added by TheNoBrainer (talk • contribs) 18:10, 7 June 2011 (UTC)

Nabiximols (Sativex): is it cannabis in UK law?
'Schedules' in the UK are of the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 (MDRs), and nabiximols may be schedule 1, which includes cannabis I have yet to find any government statement, however, that nabiximols is cannabis for purposes of either the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (MDA), where cannabis is class B, or the MDRs, and government departments seem reluctant to respond to freedom of information requests on the issue Generally, G W Pharma and the UK government are creating the impression that nabiximols is not cannabis, but for MDA and MDR purposes there seems to be nothing else it can be See also Which ‘Controlled Drug’ is Sativex? at http://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/which_controlled_drug_is_sativex, Is Sativex cannabis? at http://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/is_sativex_cannabis and Sativex ingredients at http://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/sativex_ingredients_2 Laurel Bush (talk) 10:57, 17 February 2012 (UTC) The MDRs are intended to regulate medicinal use of drugs classified as ‘controlled drugs’ in the MDA, and have five schedules, such that the degree of regulation is very high for schedule 1 drugs and very low for schedule 5 drugs The opiates codeine and dihydrocodeine in ‘undivided doses’ of not more than 100mg, for example, are class B in the MDA and schedule 5 in the MDRs There seems to be no crime of simple possession for schedule 5 drugs or schedule 4 part II drugs Laurel Bush (talk) 12:39, 17 February 2012 (UTC)

I always said cannabis would be legalised when the drug companies( plus the medical profession ) could make money off it. Of course its still illegal to grow your own!
As the Dylan song, Union Sundown goes "I can see the day coming when even your home garden is gonna be against the law" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.234.70.92 (talk) 19:55, 12 April 2012 (UTC)
 * FYI, opium has been legal for decades, in the form of morphine ;-) --ἀνυπόδητος (talk) 20:47, 12 April 2012 (UTC)

 * So tired of stoner conspiracy theories. Plenty of people and groups make money off of tobacco, opium, etc. (all things you can grow on your damn own really easy, opium is like a weed.) Also, claiming a 1:1 THC/CBD combination product is medicinal cannabis is stretching the definition of cannabis. Considering that cannabis spp. has a much higher ratio of THC to CBD and other alkaloids, this isn't remotely like cannabis. Just like you wouldn't call cocaine a coca plant or morphine opium.  C6541  ( Talk ↔ Contribs)  19:44, 23 June 2013 (UTC)

No conspiracy, sativex is a whole plant extract of cannabis, it is nothing more than glorified cannabis tincture, exactly the same stuff that Queen Victoria used to help with her period cramps. It contains all of the other present cannabinoids as well as a full terpenoid and flavonoid profile. The 50/50 ratio of THC to CBD comes from the fact that sativex is extracted from two different strains of cannabis, one high in THC and one high in CBD. These are then blended, alcohol and peppermint oil is added and the product is complete. They don't simply extract this and that compound as many have been led to believe. Sativex IS cannabis. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.20.178.44 (talk) 12:06, 20 October 2014 (UTC)

Controversy
The entire section is unbalanced, biased, it is written poorly and many of the claims are unsourced and do not have citations. Someone needs to sort it out or it should be deleted--Allthestrongbowintheworld (talk) 16:50, 18 February 2013 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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title: Talk:Nabiximols


text:
Talk:Stone tower temple

New Page or Rewrite
Not only is this article poorly written, but I can't see how as is it could possibly be more than a stub even if it did receive proper attention. However, I don't think the core concept of the page is a bad one; the Legend of Zelda series has many rather interesting locations, and it could be informative to have an article devoted to them. So I'm suggesting the creation of a The Legend of Zelda series places to house this sort of information, and complete the suite of Zelda series articles. Naturally this page would be merged into it (after a significant rewrite).

Of course, any of the dungeons could easily merit a page of their own if somebody were to write a detailed walkthrough, or compilation of the contents of the dungeons and the related hints. If neither of these ideas play out, this page should probably be deleted. --Evan L. Kester 21:01, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stone tower temple


text: User talk:24.3.129.54

title: User talk:24.3.129.54


text:
USS Lyman K. Swenson

USS Lyman K. Swenson (DD-729), an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer, was laid down on 11 September 1943 by Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine and launched on 12 February 1944; sponsored by Miss Cecelia A. Swenson, daughter of Captain Swenson. The ship was commissioned at Boston Navy Yard on 2 May 1944.

Lyman K. Swenson (DD-729) is the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Lyman Knute Swenson, who was the captain of the cruiser USS Juneau (CL-52). Juneau was lost during the Battle of Guadalcanal, taking with it 690 men, including Captain Swenson as well as the five Sullivan brothers. Lyman Swenson was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his service.

Initial operations
Commissioned after the battle for the Atlantic had been decided, Lyman K. Swenson completed a Bermuda‑based shakedown cruise 25 June 1944 and prepared for duty in the Pacific. Departing Boston on 31 July, the new destroyer transited the Panama Canal on 8 August and arrived at Pearl Harbor on 30 August. After intensive training and practice in antisubmarine warfare (ASW) and antiaircraft warfare (AAW), she departed for the war zone on 28 September, dropping anchor at Ulithi—her base for the next six months‑on 13 October.

World War II
Lyman K. Swenson left Ulithi on 21 October as part of DesRon 61, screening a replenishment group of ten oilers. This group remained off the Philippines, refueling Admiral Halsey's aircraft carrier forces while the Imperial Japanese Navy suffered defeat at the Battle of Leyte Gulf, 24 to 26 October. The destroyer then joined TG 38.4 for carrier support duties. On 30 October, while supporting operations on Leyte, she saw her first hostile action. Carriers USS Franklin (CV-13) and USS Belleau Wood (CVL-24) received hits and the group retired to Ulithi for replenishment and repairs.

During much of November and December, Lyman K. Swenson screened various carrier groups engaged in the process of softening up the island of Luzon. Mid‑December witnessed the rescue of four pilots and three enlisted men while on plane guard duty, and a typhoon, known as Typhoon Cobra or the Typhoon of 1944, which generated waves 50 and 60 ft high. Though three destroyers capsized, Lyman K. Swenson emerged safely and returned to Ulithi.

The new year dawned as she steamed with TG 38.1 on a 3,800‑mile raid which spewed destruction on Formosa, Luzon, and on Japanese shipping along the Vietnamese and Chinese coasts. Okinawa also received attention from the carriers' planes before the return to Ulithi on 26 January 1945. For the next four months aircraft and repair centers on Okinawa and the Japanese home island of Kyushu were the main targets for the strike group temporarily redesignated TG 58.1.

During the Okinawa campaign the Japanese again attacked with much of their remaining airpower. With air targets plentiful, Lyman K. Swenson shot down her first plane, a Yokosuka P1Y "Frances", on 18 March, and destroyed her second on 27 March. This campaign also provided an opportunity for shore bombardment as she shelled Okino Daita Shima early in March, and Minami Daito Jima in April and again in June. With her sister ships, she then returned to San Pedro Bay, Leyte, to prepare for a mission which would continue until the surrender of Japan 71 days later.

Five carriers, three battleships, six cruisers and their destroyer screen steamed forth on 1 July to practice screen reorientation and conduct antiaircraft practice before proceeding northward to carry the war to the heart of the Japanese home islands. Air opposition remained minimal; and, after DesRon 61's anti-shipping sweep into Sagami Wan, Honshū, on the night of 22/23 July, enemy ships also proved difficult to locate. Lyman K. Swenson remained in enemy waters until after Japan's formal surrender on board battleship USS Missouri (BB-63) on 2 September.

On 20 September came the order to depart Tokyo Bay; and, after picking up additional passengers in Okinawa, Lyman K. Swenson proceeded back to the United States. She reached Seattle on 15 October, and then settled down in dry dock at San Francisco on 29 October. Lyman K. Swenson returned to the Far East as part of the 7th Fleet from 2 March 1946 to 22 February 1947. After performing patrol duties along the Chinese, Korean, and Japanese coasts, she steamed home to San Diego via Kwajalein, arriving 22 February. For the next two years she trained both her own crew and Naval reservists off the west coast.

Korea
In March 1950 she again turned westward. A member of DesRon 9, she worked with the carrier USS Boxer (CV-21) out of Okinawa until the outbreak of the Korean War brought immediate assignment to Korean waters. Reacting with the characteristic speed of seaborn power, her group launched the first carrier based strike against North Korea 3 July. Besides plane guard and patrol duties she also participated in shore bombardment and five support missions along the eastern coast.

Missions near Yongdok from 22 to 26 July and against Chongjin in the far northeast corner of Korea on 20 August were among the more successful ones.

On 12 September Lyman K. Swenson sailed as part of Task Element 90.62, the Destroyer Element of the Gunfire Support Group of the Inchon Attack Force. The following day at noon the six-ship Destroyer Element stood into Inchon harbor. On the way in they encountered a mine field. Because it was low tide the mines were visible, floating on the surface. Lyman K. Swenson destroyed one mine with 40 mm gunfire.

After anchoring in assigned positions, the destroyers conducted a one-hour bombardment against observed and suspected gun positions on the island of Wolmi-do and in the city of Inchon. This reconnaissance-in-force was intended to draw the fire of North Korean batteries. Thus their location would be revealed for neutralization by destroyer or cruiser gunfire, or by air strikes. The bombardment was highly successful. The press, and later on the historians, aptly dubbed the ships of the Destroyer Element as "Sitting Ducks". Upon retirement from the harbor, some enemy guns that had not been silenced opened up on the narrow channel through which the destroyers must pass. Shell fragments killed one officer and wounded another on board Lyman K. Swenson during channel transit.

On D‑Day, 15 September, Swenson returned eagerly to cover the landing and shell the enemy. For their gallantry all six ships received the Navy Unit Commendation and the Korean Presidential Unit Citation.

On 23 October, Lyman K. Swenson retired to Sasebo, Japan, and then on to the United States, arriving San Diego 18 November. After 7 months at home, she again departed for Korea 18 June 1951. On this 8‑month tour, and the succeeding one which began 15 September 1952, her main duties remained much the same as they had been during 1950. She took special pride in her ability to disrupt railroad and highway transportation and twice earned the praise of Vice Adm. H. M. Martin.

1953-1965
In the aftermath of the Korean Armistice in July 1953, Lyman K. Swenson continued to average one six-month deployment annually in the western Pacific until 1960. To catch up with changing technology she entered the Mare Island Naval Shipyard 27 June 1960 for a FRAM II refit. Antisubmarine warfare capabilities received the greatest emphasis as she received a helicopter flight and hangar deck. Following underway training and exercises, she departed 6 January 1962 with DesDiv 92 for a prolonged stay in the Far East. Yokosuka, Japan, served as her new home port. Periods of patrol duty preceded and followed SEATO operation "Tulungan", the largest peacetime amphibious landing operation ever conducted in the western Pacific. During the next two years, the ship ranged widely over the Far East. After particularly extensive 7th Fleet exercise "Crazy Horse," she paid a three-day good will visit to Bangkok, Thailand, and a four-day visit to Saigon.

On 12 June 1964, Lyman K. Swenson departed Yokosuka for the United States, arriving San Diego 27 July via Australia. Once home, time passed quickly until January 1965 when she entered Puget Sound Navy Yard for overhaul. Following refresher training, she helped host four Japan Self-Defense Forces destroyers in San Diego on a summer cruise.

With orders to proceed to the troubled coast of the Republic of Vietnam, Lyman K. Swenson departed San Diego 24 August 1965 and commenced fire support operations 4 October. In her first two weeks of action she expended as much ammunition as two months of comparable duty during the Korean War in 1950. Screen and plane guard duties for carriers USS Independence (CVL-22) and USS Ticonderoga (CV-14) normally followed such periods of fire support.

1966-1974
Lyman K. Swenson continued on station until departing for home in January 1966. She arrived in San Diego 26 February and participated in the annual midshipmen training cruise in June. For the remainder of 1966 Lyman K. Swenson operated out of her home port of San Diego on various ASW and gunnery exercises. From. 26 January to 1 March 1967 she underwent predeployment repairs in Long Beach Naval Shipyard.

On 8 April the ship once again underway for the western Pacific. After a stop in Yokosuka, Japan, she operated in the northern Tonkin Gulf as a search and rescue unit from May through August. She escorted the carrier USS Constellation (CV-64) into September, then sailed once again for home. Arriving home on 6 October 1967, after another successful deployment, the veteran destroyer served as an engineering school ship and was assigned availability to the Development and Training Command into 1968. She remained in the eastern Pacific through most of 1968, deploying to WestPac again late in the year, to serve there into 1969.

Lyman K. Swenson began her final deployment on 9 March 1970. While in WESTPAC the ship fired several naval gunfire support missions off the coast of the Republic of Vietnam, served as Search and Rescue picket escort, and escorted aircraft carriers in the Gulf of Tonkin. The destroyer returned to her home port of San Diego on 5 September 1970.

Fate
Lyman K. Swenson was decommissioned on 12 February 1971 and then later stricken from the register on 1 February 1974. Within months she was sold to Taiwan 6 May 1974 and cannibalized for spare parts.

Lyman K. Swenson received five battle stars for World War II service and six battle stars for Korean service.

title: USS Lyman K. Swenson


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Debt monetization

Debt monetization or monetary financing is the practice of a government borrowing money from the central bank to finance public spending instead of selling bonds to private investors or raising taxes. The central banks who buy government debt, are essentially creating new money in the process to do so. This practice is often informally and pejoratively called printing money  or money creation. It is prohibited in many countries, because it is considered dangerous due to the risk of creating runaway inflation.

Forms of monetary financing
Monetary financing can take various forms depending on the motivating policies and purposes. The central bank can directly purchase Government debt that would otherwise have been offered to public sector investors in the financial markets, or the government can simply be allowed to have a negative treasury balance. In either case, new money is created and government debt to private parties does not increase.

Direct forms of monetary financing
In its most direct form, monetary financing would theoretically take the form of an irreversible direct transfer of money from the central bank to the government. However, in practice monetary financing is most usually done in a way that is reversible, for example by offering costless direct credit lines or overdrafts to the government. The Bank of England can do this for example through its "ways and means" facility. In these cases, a government does have a liability towards its central bank.

A second form of direct monetary financing is the purchase of government debt securities on issue (i.e. on the primary market). In this case, the central bank can in theory resell the acquired treasury bills.

Those forms of monetary financing were practised in many countries during the decades following the Second World War, for example in France and Canada.

Indirect forms of monetary financing
Quantitative easing as practised by the major central banks is not strictly speaking a form of monetary financing, due to the fact that these monetary stimulus policies are carried out indirectly (on the secondary market), and that these operations are reversible (the CB can resell the bonds to the private sector) and therefore not permanent as monetary financing. Moreover, the intention of the central bank is different: the QE programmes are not justified to finance governments, but to push down long rates in order to stimulate money creation through bank credit. The increase in the government deficit that these policies allow is presented as an unintended side effect. This is at least the legal view: for example the European Court of Justice has ruled that the programme does not violate the prohibition of monetary financing as laid down in the European Treaties.

However, it is often said that the frontiers are blurry between QE and monetary financing. Indeed, the economic effect of QE can be considered similar or even equivalent to monetary financing. Insofar as ECB QE effectively reduces the cost of indebtedness of Eurozone countries by lowering market rates, and as central banks pass on to governments the profits made on these public debt obligations, the benefit of QE policy is significant for governments. Some observers thus believe that the distinction between QE and monetary financing is hypocritical or at best very blurry.

Moreover, quantitative easing could become an ex-post monetisation of debt if the debt securities held by the central bank were to be cancelled or converted into perpetual debt, as is sometimes proposed. According to the ECB, an ex-post debt cancellation of public debt securities held under QE would clearly constitute an illegal situation of monetary financing.

Legal prohibitions against monetary financing
Because the process implies coordination between the government and the central bank, debt monetization is seen as contrary to the doctrine of central bank independence. Most developed countries instituted this independence, "keep[ing] politicians [...] away from the printing presses", in order to avoid the possibility of the government, in order to increase its popularity or to achieve short-term political benefits, creating new money and risking the kind of runaway inflation seen in the German Weimar Republic or more recently in Venezuela.

In the Eurozone, Article 123 of the Lisbon Treaty explicitly prohibits the European Central Bank from financing public institutions and state governments.

In the United States, The Banking Act of 1935 prohibited the central bank from directly purchasing Treasury securities, and permitted their purchase and sale only "in the open market". In 1942, during wartime, Congress amended the Banking Act's provisions to allow purchases of government debt by the federal banks, with the total amount they'd hold "not [to] exceed $5 billion." After the war, the exemption was renewed, with time limitations, until it was allowed to expire in June 1981.

In Japan, where debt monetization is on paper prohibited, the nation's central bank "routinely" purchases approximately 70% of state debt issued each month, and owns,, approximately 440 trillion JP¥ or over 40% of all outstanding government bonds. The central bank purchased the bonds through the banks instead of directly, and books them as temporary holding, allowing the parties involved to argue that no debt monetization actually occurred.

The People's Bank of China (PBOC), is forbidden by the PBOC Law of 1995 to give overdrafts to government bodies, or buy government bonds directly from the government, or underwrite any other government debt securities.

Debt monetization and inflation
When government deficits are financed through debt monetization the outcome is an increase in the monetary base, shifting the aggregate-demand curve to the right leading to a rise in the price level (unless the money supply is infinitely elastic). When governments intentionally do this, they devalue existing stockpiles of fixed income cash flows of anyone who is holding assets based in that currency. This does not reduce the value of floating or hard assets, and has an uncertain (and potentially beneficial) impact on some equities. It benefits debtors at the expense of creditors and will result in an increase in the nominal price of real estate. This wealth transfer is clearly not a Pareto improvement but can act as a stimulus to economic growth and employment in an economy overburdened by private debt. It is in essence a "tax" and a simultaneous redistribution to debtors as the overall value of creditors' fixed income assets drop (and as the debt burden to debtors correspondingly decreases).

If the beneficiaries of this transfer are more likely to spend their gains (due to lower income and asset levels) this can stimulate demand and increase liquidity. It also decreases the value of the currency - potentially stimulating exports and decreasing imports - improving the balance of trade. Foreign owners of local currency and debt also lose money. Fixed income creditors experience decreased wealth due to a loss in spending power. This is known as "inflation tax" (or "inflationary debt relief"). Conversely, tight monetary policy which favors creditors over debtors even at the expense of reduced economic growth can also be considered a wealth transfer to holders of fixed assets from people with debt or with mostly human capital to trade (a "deflation tax").

A deficit can be the source of sustained inflation only if it is persistent rather than temporary, and if the government finances it by creating money (through monetizing the debt), rather than leaving bonds in the hands of the public.

On the other hand, economists (e.g. Adair Turner, Jordi Gali, Paul de Grauwe) are in favor of monetary financing as an emergency measure. During an exceptional circumstances, such as the situation created by the COVID-19 pandemic, the benefits of avoiding a severe depression outweighs the need to maintain monetary discipline.

In addition, the policy responses to the 2007–2009 Great Recession showed that money can be injected into economies in crisis without causing inflation. Why? An economy in recession is a "deflating" enterprise. As the quantity of money in circulation declines, economic activity naturally recedes, reinforcing collapse. Economists would say that contraction is "sticky," on the downside. Thus, deflation was a far bigger threat than inflation during the pandemic.

COVID-19 pandemic response
National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic include increasing public spending to support affected households and businesses. The resulting deficits are increasingly financed by debt that are eventually purchased by the central bank. The business publication Bloomberg estimates that the United States Federal Reserve will buy $3.5 trillion worth of bonds in 2020, mostly U.S. government bonds.

The Bank of England allowed an overdraft in the government account.

In July 2020, Bank Indonesia agreed to purchase approximately 398 trillion rupiah (US$27.4 billion) and return all the interest to the government. In addition, the central bank would cover part of the interest payments on an additional 123.46 trillion rupiah of bonds. The central bank governor Perry Warjiyo billed the decision as a one-time policy.

The economist Paul McCulley commented that despite the lack of an explicit declaration, the various policies represented the breakdown of the "church-and-state separation" between monetary and fiscal policy.

title: Debt monetization


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Talk:Dash Domi

I don't think Dash Domi needs his own article. He is entirely associated with the Toronto Computer Leasing Inquiry and this article should re-directed to that one. Any comments? --YUL89YYZ 20:28, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dash Domi


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File talk:Enemies of The United States of America.png

= In response to deletion = The map is complicated because more than a handful of nations are at odds with America. I tried out the same map in Axis of Evil, Rogue State, and Outposts of tyranny to illustrate the fact the certain nations can be declared enemies of America for varying reasons and that one nation can be grouped in more than one designation. Furthermore, by showing where the countries are located on a map, the uniformed will be readily able to recognize that although nations may belong to the same classifications this does not mean that these countries are bound together in some organization or alliance as most do not share similar geography, culture, religion and politics. Additionally, the original maps (by another individual) I felt where not perfect as they were. For example, the font was not easy to read (for myself) and the colours used did not properly contrast (using large fills of red and blue alone is very difficult for the eye to focus on). Also, Vancouver Island was indicated as an American possession! If the maps I have created are also found to be lacking, or wrong, perhaps readers can suggest ways to improve it. I should think though that my original idea of one map for three articles was flawed; I will create three separate maps in the future. I ask that TJLive, who evidently has some issues with the maps inform me next time when they delete the map what they find wrong with it, instead of just simply writing revert. In this way, what is perceived as a small ‘revert war’ can come to an end.--RPlunk 20:29, 29 September 2005 (UTC)


text: File:Owlmaleev.jpg

title: File:Owlmaleev.jpg


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Cadejo

The cadejo is a supernatural spirit that appears as a dog-shaped creature with blue eyes when it is calm and red eyes when it is attacking. It roams around isolated roads at night, according to Central American folklore of indigenous origin. There is a good white cadejo and an evil black cadejo. Both are spirits that appear at night to travelers: The white cadejo protects them from harm and danger during their journey, while the black cadejo (sometimes an incarnation of the devil) tries to kill them. They usually appear in the form of a large, shaggy dog (potentially as big as a cow) with burning red eyes and goat's hooves, although in some areas, they have more rough characteristics. According to the stories, many have tried to kill the black cadejo, but have failed and perished. It is said that if a cadejo is killed, it will smell terrible for several days, and then its body will disappear. Some Guatemalan and Salvadoran folklore also tells of a cadejo that protects drunk people against anyone who tries to rob or hurt them. When the cadejo is near, it is said to bring a strong goat-like smell. Turning one's back on the cadejo or speaking to it are said to induce insanity.

The term cadejo is thought to have derived from the Spanish word cadena, meaning "chain"; the cadejo is at times represented as dragging a chain behind him. There is a fairly large member of the weasel family, the tayra, which is called a cadejo, and is cited as a possible source of the legend.

In Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua, the dog-like creature is known as El Cadejo. It is said to look like a dog, has deer-like hooves, and moves like a deer. The white cadejos are benevolent and eat bell-like flowers that only grow on volcanoes. The white cadejo protects people, including drunks, vagabonds, and people with grudges from all evil foot steps, even La Siguanaba, and bad choices, which are sometimes caused by the evil black cadejo. The black cadejo is malevolent and lures people to make bad choices. The black cadejo has glowing purple eyes and eats newborn babies. The book Los perros mágicos de los volcanes (Magic Dogs of the Volcanoes), by Manlio Argueta, describes the cadejos as mythical dog-like creatures that figure prominently in the folklore of El Salvador. They mysteriously appear at night and lovingly protect the villagers who live on the slopes of the volcanoes from danger. In Guatemala and El Salvador, the legend of El Cadejo revolves around La Siguanaba and El Cipitio legends.

Characteristics
The evil cadejo ranges in size, according to different tales in various regions. It lurks in graveyards and dark alleys, waiting to attack a passing victim. It has a distinctive smell of concentrated urine and burning sulphur. It rattles with a jerking motion, contracting its pharynx. Its gaze freezes anyone who makes eye contact. Its skin and short hair, similar to those of a pig, glitter in the pitch dark.

There are three types of black cadejos:

The first is the devil himself in the form of a large, wounded dog with hoofed feet that are bound with red-hot chains. It is said that not even the white cadejo is able to completely stop him. Unlike the regular black cadejo, it is not likely to pursue and attack a passing person, as it is a scout - the eyes of evil. Instead, anyone who spots him will have a sad event. In the short story "Leyenda del Cadejo" ("Legend of the Cadejo") by Nobel Prize laureate Miguel Ángel Asturias, this variety of cadejo terrorizes a young abbess and robs her of her braid.

The second type of cadejo is a mysterious evil dog. It kills and savagely tears through its victim. First, it demoralizes him with a series of sounds and other signs that it is nearby. Then, after the victim is scared, it leaps, and will kill him if the white cadejo is not near.

The third and least powerful type of black cadejo is the offspring of a normal dog and the "regular" cadejo. It is a mortal hybrid and can (with difficulty) be killed by a strong man (bearing in mind that most men in those regions only carry a machete for protection). Once dead, it will completely rot in a matter of seconds, leaving behind a stain of evil, on which grass and moss will never grow again. This cadejo will never bite its victim. Instead, he kicks and pecks them with his snout. After this happens, people say "Lo jugó el cadejo" which means "he\she was handled by the cadejo". The victim goes mad. This term is sometimes applied to people that are born with a mental illness.

A fairly popular version of the legend in El Salvador talks about two brothers who walk into the house of a black magician. During a storm, he asks the boys to help him with some logs for a fire. Both boys slack on the job but eat the man's food. Once he finds out the little bit of food he had is missing and that there is not enough wood for his fire, he puts a curse on the road that leads to the boys' village. Voices bother the boys and when they turn their backs on the voices they get turned into creatures: a white cadejo and a black one. After going back to their village in their cursed form they get kicked out and have no choice but to wander.

Legend
In the early 20th century, Juan Carlos was a guardian who lived in a thatched house near Los Arcos, in the country fields near La Aurora in Guatemala. He worked near Parroquia Vieja and arrived at his house at midnight. His wife and small children almost always spent the whole day alone, in the middle of the fields. Juan found a white dog when he arrived home one day. When the dog saw him coming, it shook, turned and disappeared. Juan always tried to follow the dog, but he could never reach him. One day, when he arrived, the white dog did not move, and when he approached the dog, it did not make a single sound. But then Juan touched his paw, and all of a sudden it opened its eyes. Juan was scared; the dog said, 'you do not need my help anymore'. Frightened, Juan exclaimed, 'what help'? And the dog said, in pain, 'I am a dog sent from above. My mission was to protect you from any danger. But you have showed me you do not need my help anymore.' Right after that, the white dog died. Juan buried him, and every time he came home, he remembered the white dog.

In art and popular culture

The cadejo is a primary motif in the paintings of Guatemalan-born artist Carlos Loarca, who was born in 1937. As a child, Loarca was told the legend and believed that the cadejo protected his father, as he always came home unscathed from the cantina. As an adult, Loarca felt the protecting spirit helped him break his own alcohol habit. Since the 1970s, El cadejo has appeared in his paintings. Loarca states the dog has been a companion, and guide, and has grown old with him. The cadejo is seen in places like Copán and Tegucigalpa in Honduras.

The Salvadoran writer Manlio Argueta wrote a children's book describing the folklore of El cadejo called Magic Dogs of the Volcanoes: Los Perros Mágicos De Los Volcanes (1990). The bilingual Spanish-English edition was translated by Stacey Ross and illustrated by Elly Simmons.

title: Cadejo


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User:Enzokrew

My name is Enzo, i'm a UC Santa Cruz psychology student from Santa Cruz, CA.

title: User:Enzokrew


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User:MAQS

Hi, I'm Maksym from Lviv, Ukraine

--m@Qs 20:30, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User:MAQS


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User:Wikizwerg

My name is Barbara Stefanie Sitz and I live in Vienna, Austria.

title: User:Wikizwerg


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ToolTalk

ToolTalk is an interapplication communications system developed by Sun Microsystems (SunSoft) in order to allow applications to communicate with each other at runtime.

Applications supporting ToolTalk can construct "high-level" messages and hand them off to the system's ToolTalk server, which determines the proper recipients and (after applying permission checks) forwards the message to them. Although originally available only on SunOS and Solaris, ToolTalk was chosen as the application framework for the Common Desktop Environment (CDE) and thus became part of a number of Unix distributions as well as OpenVMS.

While ToolTalk had "object oriented" and "procedural" messages and a complex "pattern" structure which allowed dispatch of messages to processes based on object names, message names, and parameter types, actual desktop protocols never took full advantage of its power. Simpler pattern-matching systems like Apple Computer's AppleScript system did just as well.

The D-Bus standard has superseded ToolTalk in some Unix-like desktop environments.

title: ToolTalk


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Online trading community

An online trading community provides participants with a structured method for trading, bartering, or selling goods and services. These communities often have forums and chatrooms designed to facilitate communication between the members. An online trading community can be likened electronic equivalent of a bazaar, flea market, or garage sale.

History
One of the earliest trading sites on the internet (with exception to eBay which accepts cash transactions for all goods) was Game Trading Zone. The domain name ugtz.com was implemented in an independent database in the spring 1999. This was a departure from simply listing items on a forum or text document. The database helped traders by showing them a list of potential trading matches, and showed historical transactions as well.

Formal trading communities
A formal trading community consists of a website or network of websites that facilitate and track trade transactions. Some websites, such as the video game trading site Goozex, charge transactional fees per trade, while other similar sites such as GameTZ do not.

Key elements of formal trading communities
 * Transactional tracking
 * Ratings and feedback system
 * Content listing, referencing, and matching

Trading communities
There are several community based websites that have a broader scope and lend themselves to a trading environment.
 * 1UP is a website dedicated to the publishing of news, videos, and other related media dealing with video games. There is a growing section of the site though dedicated the trading of games and DVDs on their message boards.
 * Craigslist is a site for posting personal advertisements but many users have found this a less than conventional means of trading goods online with local residents.
 * Mydvdtrader.com is regarded as being the oldest remaining website dedicated to buying, selling and trading of selected media
 * IGN is another website dedicated to videogame news and media that also has message boards dedicated to online trading. The distinguishing factors being that IGN has a much larger integrated database of games and DVDs in existence that users can add to their collection lists for trade purposes as well as mark the ones they are playing to lock from trade.

General rules of conduct
Some online trading communities have the specific rules adopted by the users of that community, and though they can differ most have settled upon a few standard practices:

 * The less experienced trader (usually indicated by their feedback or trade history) sends their half first.
 * It is generally frowned upon by most communities to "thread crap" (A term referring to a user not involved in the pending trade undercutting a trade in progress with either a better deal or reasons for the trade not to take place).
 * While trading any used items online, be sure to include BOOK OF the condition and quality of the product so as the receiver can determine its overall value.

Trading circle
A trading circle is a form of online trading designed to facilitate viewing of television series and episodic media. Physical media such as videocassettes, DVDs and CDs are exchanged via mail. Each member agrees to pass an episode on to the next member in a timely fashion, thereby allowing all members of the group to view the series. This communal trading method is also used by special interest clubs. Some of these groups (among many) include anime clubs.

Trading Portal
Within global financial markets, an electronic trading platform gives investors who are part the online trading community a greater choice of  stock exchanges or other trading networks. A Trading Portal within the context of international trading on stock exchanges would be one that offers a selection of online trading platforms to choose from. This can be in the form of information provided on various regulated entities providing this service to stock market traders throughout the world or, alternatively, by way of a list of regulated investment dealers on the web who offer a selection of online trading platforms.

Examples

 * GameTZ.com - A game trading community, born out of the Usenet community in the mid 90s
 * Goozex - Video game trading community

title: Online trading community


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Steve Ontiveros (pitcher)

Steven Ontiveros (born March 5, 1961) is a former pitcher in Major League Baseball. From 1985 through 2000, Ontiveros played for the Oakland Athletics (1985–88, 1994–95), Philadelphia Phillies (1989–90), Seattle Mariners (1993) and Boston Red Sox (2000). He batted and threw right-handed. He attended the University of Michigan where he gained a Bachelor of Science degree in Physical Education. In a ten-season career, Ontiveros posted a 34-31 record with 19 saves and a 3.67 ERA in 207 games pitched (73 as a starter). In 1995, Ontiveros earned a trip to the 1995 Major League Baseball All-Star Game after posting an American League-leading ERA of 2.65 in 1994. In giving up Jeff Conine's game-winning home run, in the same game, Ontiveros was credited with the loss on behalf of starter Randy Johnson.

He now owns and operates Player's Choice Academy in Scottsdale, Arizona. In 2008, he was the pitching coach for the Chinese National baseball team in the Beijing Olympics.

title: Steve Ontiveros (pitcher)


text:
Matt Nokes

Matthew Dodge Nokes (born October 31, 1963) is an American former professional baseball catcher and designated hitter. He played 11 seasons in Major League Baseball for the San Francisco Giants (1985), the Detroit Tigers (1986–1990), New York Yankees (1990–1994), the Baltimore Orioles, and the Colorado Rockies (1995). He batted left-handed and threw right-handed. He also had experience at first base, third base, and left and right fields.

Playing career
Nokes was drafted by the Giants in the 20th round of the 1981 amateur draft. He debuted in the major leagues on September 3, 1985, against the visiting Philadelphia Phillies, collecting two hits in four at bats. In 1987, his rookie year, he had his finest statistical season, batting .289, hitting 32 home runs, (at the time a record for a rookie catcher) and driving in 87 runs. In that year, he was elected to the American League All-Star Game roster, won the Silver Slugger Award, selected to the Topps Rookie All-Star team, and finished third in voting for the American League Rookie of the Year award. He was also named the Tigers Rookie of The Year by the Detroit Sports Media Association.

Following his major league career, Nokes played for the St. Paul Saints of the Northern League in 1998 and 1999, with a brief two-game stint with the Cafeteros de Córdoba of the Mexican League. He spent 2001 as a player/coach for the Schaumburg Flyers and managed the Joliet Jackhammers of the Northern League in 2002 and 2003.

After retirement from professional baseball, Nokes returned to his hometown San Diego area where he currently owns an instructional consultation practice for serious hitters and advises software and equipment companies.

While with the Yankees, Nokes caught Jim Abbott's no-hitter on September 4, 1993.

Plane incident
On February 19, 2000, Matt Nokes, who had just signed a minor league contract with the Cleveland Indians, was forced to land a plane he was piloting on Interstate 15 in northern San Diego County. Nokes said that the plane lost oil pressure and that he couldn't reach an airport.

"I went south, hovered over some cars, and waited until they cleared", he said.

Nokes later sold the plane. On April 2, 2016, the man he sold it to, Dennis Hogge, crash landed it on the same highway. The plane struck a vehicle that had stopped on the side of the road, killing a passenger in that vehicle and injuring five others, including Hogge.

Career statistics
His only postseason appearance was in the 1987 American League Championship Series, batting only .143 (2-for-14) with 1 home run and 2 RBI.

title: Matt Nokes


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Jeff Newman (baseball)

Jeffrey Lynn Newman (born September 11, 1948) is an American former Major League Baseball catcher. Newman was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the 26th round of the 1970 Major League Baseball Draft. He made his MLB debut in 1976. He was an All Star in 1979. He served as the interim manager of the Oakland Athletics in 1986.

Early and personal life
Newman was born in Fort Worth, Texas, and is Jewish. He attended Paschal High School, where he played baseball and basketball. He later lived in Danville, California.

Newman is a convert to Judaism, having in 1970 converted in an Orthodox ceremony. His son, Ryan, was an infielder for three years in the Pittsburgh Pirates' organization before becoming a coach for the 2005 Gulf Coast League Pirates.

College
Newman was a History major at Texas Christian University, where he earned a B.S. in Education and also earned All-America honors as a third baseman in 1968. In his sophomore year after batting .350 he was All-Southwest Conference First Team and All NCAA All-District First Team as well as NCAA All American Third Team, and in 1969 as a junior he batted .345, set university records in RBIs (44) and hits (57), and was All-Conference and All-District First Team.

Minor leagues
Newman was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the 26th round of the 1970 Major League Baseball Draft. Originally, Newman played first, third and the outfield. He played for the GCL Indians of the Gulf Coast League in 1970 (batting .313, leading the league in RBIs with 55, and tying for the league lead in home runs with six, while playing primarily first base), for the Reno Silver Sox of the California League in 1971 (hitting 16 home runs in 234 at bats, while playing primarily outfield) and 1972 (hitting 20 home runs and 84 RBIs), and for the San Antonio Brewers of the Texas League in 1972. In 1974 he played for the Oklahoma City 89ers of the American Association and the Salt Lake City Angels of the Pacific Coast League (batting .303), in 1975 he played for Salt Lake City and for the Toledo Mud Hens of the International League, and in 1975 he again played for Toledo.

He didn't begin catching until 1972 with the Reno Silver Sox. He spent six seasons in the Indians' farm system, batting .259 with 73 home runs and 333 runs batted in when the Oakland A's purchased his contract in October 1975.

Oakland Athletics
Newman was called up to the majors in June 1976, when he was 27 years old, and spent the rest of the season backing up Gene Tenace behind the plate. He backed up Manny Sanguillén in 1977, a season in which he threw out 51.8% of attempted base-stealers, third-best of all catchers in the American League. He then moved into a platoon with Jim Essian from 1978 through 1980, while also backing up Dave Revering at first base.

He was batting .229 with 16 home runs and 52 RBIs when he was selected by AL manager Bob Lemon as Oakland's sole representative at the 1979 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. For the season, he hit 22 home runs and drove in 71 runs, both career highs. He also threw out 46.8% of attempted base-stealers, fourth-best of all catchers in the American League.

Newman was involved in the first of two bench-clearing brawls with Lenny Randle and the Seattle Mariners on April 19, 1981. The A's won the first half of the strike shortened season with a 37–23 record to return to the postseason for the first time since 1975. In 1981 he also threw out 46.4% of attempted base-stealers, fifth-best of all catchers in the American League. In his only career trip to the postseason, Newman went hitless in nine plate appearances in the American League West division series and ALCS.

At the start of the December 1982 Winter Meetings, the A's sent Newman and outfielder Tony Armas to the Boston Red Sox for Carney Lansford, Garry Hancock, and minor leaguer Jerry King.

Boston Red Sox
When the Red Sox originally acquired Newman in 1982, it was with the intent that he would be the back-up to Rich Gedman behind the plate. However, he soon fell to third in the depth chart behind Gary Allenson. He was released during spring training in April 1985.

Career stats
Newman had perhaps his greatest hitting success against Wayne Garland, against whom he was 13–18 (.722) with two home runs, six doubles and a walk. He made his only appearance on the mound on September 14, 1977. He pitched one scoreless inning, though he hit the first batter he faced (Hal McRae) with a pitch.

Coaching and managerial career
As soon as his playing days ended, Newman returned to the Oakland A's as manager Jackie Moore's bullpen coach. When Moore was fired as A's manager on June 28, 1986, Newman was named interim manager prior to the hiring of Tony La Russa. The A's went 2–8 under Newman. Through 2018, he was one of eight Jewish managers in MLB history. The others were Gabe Kapler, Bob Melvin, Brad Ausmus, Norm Sherry, Harold “Lefty” Phillips, Lou Boudreau, and Lipman Pike. He remained a coach and manager with the A's at the minor league level through 1991, being named the Southern League's Manager of the Year in 1989 while managing the Huntsville Stars to a win–loss percentage of .573.

He was Mike Hargrove's third base coach with the Cleveland Indians from 1992–1999, and served as the Baltimore Orioles' bench coach in 2000. He began wearing a tie for the first time in his career in 2002, serving as a field assistant for the Commissioner's Office of Major League Baseball until joining the Seattle Mariners as third base coach in 2005. An August 2005 Achilles injury requiring surgery prematurely ended his coaching career in Seattle.

title: Jeff Newman (baseball)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Johnny Chang

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was already deleted. — J I P | Talk 08:50, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Johnny Chang
Nice made up story. Cannot put a nn-bio, since claims to be famous. feydey 20:35, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, obviously bogus. The guy would've been 13-19 years old while in office.  Ilmari Karonen 21:46, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom. --Vsion
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Bob Knepper

Robert Wesley Knepper (born May 25, 1954) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher. From 1976 to 1990, he pitched 15 seasons for the San Francisco Giants and Houston Astros, earning two All-Star appearances as well as the 1981 NL Comeback Player of the Year award. He gained notoriety with his 1988 remarks disparaging umpire Pam Postema, the National Organization for Women, and gay people.

Biography
Born in Akron, Ohio, his family moved to the Napa Valley when he was nine years old, where he attended Calistoga High School.

Career
In the September 1978 issue of Sport, Jay Stuller wrote an extraordinarily positive article on Knepper, entitled, "You Can't Compare Him To Koufax...Yet". When Knepper's career failed to reach that standard, critics would later refer to that article and say, "You Can't Compare Him to Koufax...Ever."

On December 8, 1980, Knepper was traded from the Giants along with Chris Bourjos to the Astros for Enos Cabell. Knepper welcomed the trade, perceiving the Astros' clubhouse as strongly spiritual, and calling the Bay Area “such a liberal, almost anti-Christian society." He won The Sporting News Comeback Player of the Year Award in 1981. He was voted to the National League All-Star team twice (1981 and 1988). He led the National League in shutouts in 1978, with six, and in 1986, with five. He also led the league in hit batsmen in 1980, with eight, and losses in 1987, with 17.

Knepper played in three postseason games, all with the Astros. In the 1981 National League Division Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, he started Game 3 with the Astros needing just one victory to advance. However, Knepper allowed three runs in five innings and Los Angeles won 6-1 before rallying to win the series a couple of days later. In the 1986 National League Championship Series, Knepper started Game 3 and Game 6 against the New York Mets. The Mets tabbed Knepper for four runs (three earned) in seven innings before winning later 6-5. Trailing three games to two in the Series, the Astros were hopeful of forcing a Game 7 with star Mike Scott lined up to pitch. Knepper had done eight scoreless innings with the Astros up 3-0 before running into trouble in the ninth inning. He allowed a leadoff triple to Lenny Dykstra before a Mookie Wilson single scored a run. Keith Hernandez later hit a double to center to make it 3-2 with one out, which forced Knepper out of the game. The Mets and Astros would battle it out until the 16th inning before New York won the game and series.

Knepper started 413 games in the majors, appearing as a reliever only 32 times. However, on September 21, 1982, he did pick up his one and only major league save. Knepper pitched the final 2 2/3 innings to preserve a 5-3 Astros victory over the Braves. He saved the game for Astros starting pitcher Vern Ruhle.

By July 1989, Knepper was struggling with a 4-10 win–loss record and a 5.89 ERA. The Astros released him after he refused a demotion to the minor leagues, and was signed by the San Francisco Giants a few days later. He pitched the rest of the regular season with San Francisco, but did not make their postseason roster. The Giants waived Knepper in June 1990.

Anti-women remarks
During a 1988 season that was one of the best of his career, Knepper disparaged Pam Postema, a female AAA umpire officiating a Major League spring training game, citing his Christian beliefs. He said, "I just don’t think a woman should be an umpire. There are certain things a woman shouldn’t be and an umpire is one of them. It’s a physical thing. God created women to be feminine. I don’t think they should be competing with men. It has nothing to do with her ability. I don’t think women should be in any position of leadership. I don’t think they should be presidents or politicians. I think women were created not in an inferior position, but in a role of submission to men. You can be a woman umpire if you want, but that doesn’t mean it’s right. You can be a homosexual if you want, but that doesn’t mean that’s right either." He also berated the National Organization for Women, saying, "They are a bunch of lesbians. Their focus has nothing to do with women's rights. It has everything to do with women wanting to be men."

title: Bob Knepper


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Jim Kern

James Lester Kern (born March 15, 1949) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. A three time American League All-Star (1977–1979), Kern went 13–5 with a 1.57 ERA and 29 saves out of the Texas Rangers' bullpen in 1979 to finish fourth in American League Cy Young Award balloting.

Cleveland Indians
In 1967, Kern signed with the Cleveland Indians out of Midland High School in Midland, Michigan, at eighteen years old as a free agent with an overpowering fastball. He played six years in the minor leagues and winter ball seasons in Mexico, then missed the 1969 baseball season serving in the United States Marine Corps. In 1974 in AAA Oklahoma City of the American Association, he won the Allie Reynolds Award as the best pitcher in the league with a 17–7 record, striking our 220 batters in 189 innings and 19 strike outs in a nine inning game. During the 1973 and 1974 minor league seasons Kern was 28–14, striking out a total of 402 batters in 355 innings. He had an even 47–47 record over six seasons as a starting pitcher in the Indians' farm system when he received a September call-up in 1974. In his major league debut, he pitched a complete game in which he held the Baltimore Orioles to just one run. The Indians were, however, held scoreless by Orioles pitcher Mike Cuellar.

Kern had a 1.82 ERA as a reliever in 1975 when he was moved into the starting rotation. He was 1–2 with a 4.79 ERA as a starter when the Indians traded Gaylord Perry to the Texas Rangers for Jim Bibby, Rick Waits, Jackie Brown and $100,000 on June 13. In order to make room on the major league roster for the two additional pitchers acquired, Kern was optioned to the triple A Oklahoma City 89ers. Recalled in late June, he strained a muscle in his shoulder in July and sat out the remainder of the season.

He returned to the Indians in 1976 as a full-time reliever, making just two spot starts, and was 10–7 with a 2.37 ERA and fifteen saves. Kern and Dave LaRoche were named as the best relief in Indian history after the 2016 season. Early in the 1977 season, the Indians traded closer LaRoche to the California Angels, opening the door for Kern to inherit the job. He was 2–3 with seven saves and a 2.84 ERA in his new job at the All-Star break and was named, along with teammate Dennis Eckersley, to his first All-Star squad, pitching a perfect inning, striking out two. For the season, he finished with a 10–7 record and fourth in the American League with eighteen saves. He was the Indians' sole representative at the 1978 game in San Diego.

Texas Rangers
Kern and Larvell Blanks were traded to the Rangers for Bobby Bonds and Len Barker on October 3, 1978. He was dominant from the moment he arrived in Texas. He was 10–2 with a 1.48 ERA and sixteen saves at the 1979 All-Star break to earn his third consecutive selection to the AL squad. Kern came into the game in the seventh inning with the American League leading 6–5, then gave up an eighth inning home run to the New York Mets' Lee Mazzilli, allowing the National League to tie the score. Mazzilli returned to the plate an inning later with the bases loaded and two outs. AL manager Bob Lemon pulled Kern in favor of New York Yankees ace Ron Guidry. Guidry walked Mazzilli, allowing the winning run to score, and giving Kern the loss.

Kern remained hot in the second half, going 3–3 with a 1.72 ERA and thirteen saves. His 29 saves for the season were second only to the Minnesota Twins' Mike Marshall and his 13 wins were the most by a reliever. He was selected The Sporting News and Rolaids Relief Man of the Year, as well as being named the right-handed pitcher on The Sporting News AL All-Star Team that season. Kern was named the American League pitcher of the month for May 1979 going 4–0 with four saves, striking out 31 in 14 games and posting a 0.61 ERA. He was 4th in the balloting for the Cy Young Award and 11th for the balloting of the Most Valuable Player Award while being named the Texas Ranger Pitcher of the Year. Kern pitched 143 innings over 71 games in 1979, both career highs.

Working in the first year of a 5-year contract in 1980, he tried to pitch through a hyper extended elbow sustained in spring training and then a neck injury during the season, going 3–11 with two saves and a 4.83 ERA in 38 games before going on the disabled list for the rest of the season in July.

Injuries sustained during the 1980 season limited Kern to just seven innings pitched in the first half of the strike shortened 1981 season. However, he returned strong in the second half, going 1–2 with a 2.74 ERA and five saves in seventeen appearances. At the 1981 Winter meetings, he was traded to the New York Mets for Dan Boitano and Doug Flynn, however, before he could make an appearance with his new club, he was packaged with Greg Harris and Alex Treviño, and sent to the Cincinnati Reds for slugger George Foster.

Kern holds a number of all-time single season relief records for his 1979 season with the Texas Rangers including most wins out of the bullpen in a season with 13, the most inning pitched with 143 and the most strike outs with 136. He also holds the lowest earned run average in the history of the Texas Rangers for a pitcher with 100 or more innings in a season (1.57 ERA) and the lowest career earned run average for a pitcher with 200 or more innings (2.59 ERA). Kern also owns the second longest consecutive scoreless innings streak in Ranger history with 24$2/3$ innings. In three All-Star appearances, Kern pitched a total of 4$1/3$ innings giving up two runs while striking out five.

Journeyman
Kern pitched respectably in Cincinnati, in 1982 going 3–5 with a 2.84 ERA and two saves, however, he was unhappy with the Reds' rule against facial hair, and asked to be traded. The Reds accommodated Kern's wish, and sent him to the Chicago White Sox for two minor leaguers. After finishing out the 1982 season in Chicago, Kern made just one appearance in the second game of the 1983 season before he was placed on the disabled list after tearing two tendons and a ligament and dislocating his elbow. Kern accused the White Sox of using him improperly by asking him to throw in a game after an injection, causing him to tear two tendons. He was operated on in April and sat the summer out on the disabled list. The White Sox released him in March 1984 while he was still on the disabled list.

Decimated by injuries to their pitching staff, the Philadelphia Phillies signed Kern in June 1984 while he was rehabilitating. Facing the Pittsburgh Pirates in extra innings, Kern gave up seven runs (six earned) in just one inning of work to take the loss in his first appearance in 14 months with his new team. He was released on July 27 to make room on the roster for Tug McGraw, who was returning from a shoulder injury. Kern signed a minor league deal with the Milwaukee Brewers shortly afterwards and was called up that September, appearing in six games without giving up a run.

He also appeared in five games with the Brewers early in the 1985 season. He pitched three hitless innings in his first game of the season, but pitched poorly afterwards and was released on June 17 with a 6.55 ERA. The highlight of his 1985 season was when he pulled off an unassisted double play against the Seattle Mariners on May 6. He became the first pitcher to pull off this feat since Jim Umbarger in 1975.

Kern returned to the Cleveland Indians as a non-roster invitee to spring training in February 1986. Kern made the opening day roster but on May 12, Kern suffered one of the worst outings of his career against the Texas Rangers. In a little over an inning pitched, Kern gave up eight runs (seven earned) to see his ERA balloon from 3.46 to 7.53. On his way off the field, frustrated Indians fans began throwing garbage on the field, just missing Kern with a bottle. Kern's response was, "I knew they couldn't hit me as they were one of my fans". Kern was released and retired on June 17.

Retirement
Kern is an outdoor enthusiast, and in 1987, he started the Emu Outfitting Company, which was named after his major league nickname, the "Amazing" Emu in Arlington, Texas, an outdoor adventure company that books and operates hunting, fishing, and photographic trips in North and South America. From 1998 to 2014, he was general manager of the American offices of two peacock bass fishing operations in Brazil's Amazon and general manager of three fishing and hunting lodges in Southwestern Alaska.

Kern also did color commentary for college and Major League Baseball games for Fox Sports, Home Sports Entertainment, and Prime Sports. In 1994, he created and hosted Nolan Ryan's First Spring Turkey Hunt for Fox Sports.

In 2006, Kern was named as one of the greatest Texas Rangers pitchers of all time.

In 2013, FanGraphs named Kern as the best relief pitcher in baseball history over a given 4-year period of time in their January 25 article "Jim Kern's Four Incredible Seasons." From 1976 to 1979, he won 42 games and registered 75 saves out of the bullpen, and he averaged more than 100 innings per year and 1.88 innings pitched per game appearance.

title: Jim Kern


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User:Bitter1940

bitter1940

title: User:Bitter1940


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Steve Kemp

Steven F. Kemp (born August 7, 1954) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Detroit Tigers, Chicago White Sox, New York Yankees, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Texas Rangers.

Professional career
Kemp was the first overall selection in the January phase of the 1976 Major League Baseball draft, taken by the Detroit Tigers, and he played just one season in the minor leagues. Starting the 1977 season in the majors, he was immediately installed as the Tigers’ starting left fielder.

During his major league career, Kemp played for the Tigers (1977–1981), Chicago White Sox (1982), New York Yankees (1983–1984) and Texas Rangers (1988) all of the American League and the Pittsburgh Pirates (1985–1986) of the National League. He predominantly played in the outfield, with occasional appearances as a designated hitter or first baseman. His best season was with the Tigers in 1979, when he hit .318 with 26 home runs and 105 RBI and was named Tiger of the Year as selected by the Detroit Baseball Writers Association.

Kemp was selected for the American League All-Star team in 1979. After his major league days ended, he played a season in the Senior Professional Baseball Association.

In 1,168 games over eleven seasons, Kemp posted a .278 batting average (1128-for-4058) with 581 runs, 179 doubles, 25 triples, 130 home runs, 634 RBI, 39 stolen bases, 576 bases on balls, .367 on-base percentage and .431 slugging percentage. He finished his career with a .982 fielding percentage playing at left and right field.

College career
Kemp played college ball at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, under hall of fame head coach Rod Dedeaux. The Trojans won five consecutive College World Series titles in the early 1970s, and Kemp was part of the last two in 1973 in 1974; teammates included Fred Lynn, Roy Smalley, and Rich Dauer. He was an All-American in 1975.

title: Steve Kemp


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Jtest

Jtest is an automated Java software testing and static analysis product developed by Parasoft. The product includes technology for data-flow analysis, unit test-case generation and execution, static analysis, and more. Jtest is used by companies such as Cisco Systems and TransCore. It is also used by Lockheed Martin for the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter program (JSF).

Awards
Jtest received the Dr. Dobb's Journal Jolt Award for Excellence in 2000. It was granted a Codie award from the Software and Information Industry Association for "Best Software Testing Solution" in 2005 and 2007. It also won "Technology of the Year" award as "Best Application Test Tool" from InfoWorld two years in a row in 2006 and 2007.

title: Jtest


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User:Kruosio

I’m from Sweden and primary use my account on the English Wikipedia to make interwiki links. If you want to ask me something, pleas do that on my Swedish talk page.

da:Bruger:Kruosio de:Benutzer:Kruosio sv:Användare:Kruosio

title: User:Kruosio


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Latigo (comic strip)

Latigo was a comic strip written and drawn by cartoonist Stan Lynde, who also created the Rick O'Shay comic strip. After a dispute over the ownership of Rick O'Shay with the Chicago Tribune Syndicate, Lynde left and went to Field Enterprises to launch Latigo.

Latigo began on Sunday, June 24, 1979. The daily strip ended on May 7, 1983, followed by the last Sunday strip a month later, on June 5.

Characters and story
Set in the old West, it told the adventures of Cole Cantrell, aka "Two Trails". His father was a mountain man and his mother a Crow Indian. After serving in the Union Army during the Civil War, Latigo returned to the West and became a Federal marshal. Comics historian Don Markstein detailed the strip's background and characters: "The star was Cole Cantrell, nicknamed "Latigo" (after a saddle part). Cantrell was a veteran of the Union army, in contrast to his friend, Duke Sateen, who had fought for the Confederacy. He was raised among Crow Indians, where his name was the Crow equivalent of Two Trails. He had long-standing, unspecified "issues" with a railroad outfit called the Python Corporation and its ruthless CEO, Claudius Max, and clashed directly with them several times. He was an extremely good fighter, with either his fists or a gun, but tended to avoid fighting when he could. Latigo's daily strips were taken up with fairly serious continuing stories, though not without an element of humor. In the Sunday strips, which told self-contained stories, the humor was a bit more pronounced, but seldom predominated. Sober or funny, the series always represented Lynde's personal philosophy, which was strongly linked to a gentle style of Christianity—gentle not in the sense that he was shy about asserting it, but that unlike some strongly religious people, he never denigrated the beliefs of others. The Latigo series wasn't nearly as successful as Rick O'Shay, and lasted less than four years."

Books, reprints, and spinoffs
The Latigo daily strips have all been reprinted in three volumes from Cottonwood Publishing.

Comics Revue is reprinting the Latigo Sunday strips in color, starting in issue #300 (April 2011).

Dean Owen, Western writer, wrote novels starring Latigo with Stan Lynde's permission. They were Latigo: Trackdown, Latigo #2: Vengeance Trail, and Latigo #3: Dead Shot. He also wrote Latigo #4: Double Eagle [Don't know if he had Lynde's permission, though]

title: Latigo (comic strip)