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St Paul's tram stop

St Paul's tram stop is a tram stop serving nearby St Paul's Square, Birmingham, England. It was opened on 31 May 1999 on West Midlands Metro Line 1. The stop is a short distance west of Birmingham Snow Hill station, which is visible from the stop. Pedestrian access is via Constitution Hill.

The stop sits in the shadow of Livery Street, which, at this point, is on a blue-brick lined embankment, preventing direct access to the square. Livery Street then crosses the tram and railway lines, at a very acute angle, at the Wolverhampton end of the stop.

The Birmingham to Worcester railway line runs alongside, but the stop is served only by trams, as there are no railway platforms.

Services
On Mondays to Fridays, West Midlands Metro services in each direction between Edgbaston Village and Wolverhampton St George's/Wolverhampton Station run at six to eight-minute intervals during the day, and at fifteen-minute intervals during the evenings and on Sundays. They run at eight minute intervals on Saturdays.

title: St Paul's tram stop


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Terra del Sole

Terra del Sole is a town constructed in 1564 for Cosimo I de’ Medici by Baldassarre Lanci of Urbino, in what is now the Province of Forlì-Cesena, northern Italy. It was one of the first fortified cities to be constructed entirely from new on a planned grid system. Meaning Town of the Sun it was conceived to be the ideal town of the Renaissance period.

Designed on a rectangular plan, with a square inner wall with a bastion at each corner. Terra del Sole was not just a residential town, but also had a strong defence to meet any onslaught that may have arisen following the recent invention, and common use of firearms in military attacks. In places the walls are 9 metres thick. Within the walls—2087 m wide and 12.36 m high—are symmetrical settlements divided by streets. Two small castles within the walls were the strongholds of the "Captain of the Artillery" and  the "Governor of the City". The four quarters of the town were named Santa Maria, Santa Reparata, Sant’Andrea and San Martino.

The central piazza was named "Piazza d’Armi", and was enclosed by the principal public buildings of - Church of Santa Reparata, the Palazzo del Provveditore, the Palazzo della Cancelleria, other civic buildings, and the Palazzo Pretorio (today the Museum of Man and the Environment)

The town still stands and today has a population of 6,096, while small clusters of houses have sprung up outside its walls. The town as conceived by Cosimo de' Medici is still very evident.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Terra del Sole


text: User talk:82.22.145.200

title: User talk:82.22.145.200


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Talk:Racial and political views of the Westboro Baptist Church

Having an "Anti-Islamic" section seems redundant and strange considering the religious connotation of the organization; in other words, isn't the act of declaring a specific religious affiliation quite the same as denouncing other specific religions? Islamic and Baptist are not compatible, if you select to believe one as true you must then believe other religions have got it wrong somehow.

Also this is not a "racial" or "political" stance, except insofar as much as religions are inherently political. The existence of Islamic theocracies does not make anti-Islam polemics necessarily political.

I don't see how "Anti-Obesity" qualifies as racial or political, either. I'm not a big fan of obesity myself yet have never considered this notion when at the ballot box.

I've removed the Anti-Obesity section as it is neither racial nor political. --Xyzzyplugh 15:13, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

I added a NPOV tag. This article is ridiculously POV, it claims to be about the racial and political views of the Westboro Baptist Church but it is instead a series of accusations made by various people or groups against the WBC. This church is so bizarre and outrageous that it comes across as a parody of the worst of fundamentalist christianity, but that doesn't make it automatically guilty of racism.

Also, the article is generally crappy. Is there really a need for separate sections regarding islam, catholicism, and judaism, consisting of outrageous quotes? The WBC is opposed to ALL non christian (and non protestant christian) churches, and claims they all are leading people to hell and so on. This is not an uncommon belief amongst many fundamentalist churches.

Probably this thing should be deleted or entirely rewritten, but for now I'm just adding the NPOV tag and these paragraphs. --Xyzzyplugh 15:30, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I disagree. Yes, many religious sects believe that they are the only true religion and that all others are damned. Those views are notable in each case and should be included in articles about those groups. WBC is unusual in the vitriolic language that they use. -Willmcw 19:17, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

Articles for Deletion debate
This article is to be merged with and redirected to Westboro Baptist Church as a result of an Articles for Deletion debate. The discussion can be found here. -Splash talk 00:44, 7 January 2006 (UTC)


text: User talk:209.188.203.5

title: User talk:209.188.203.5


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SonAir

SonAir Airline Services, S.A. (SonAir Serviço Aéreo, S.A.), commonly known as SonAir was established as DAR (Direcção de Aeronaútica) on 10 October 1979, is a venture of the Angolan national petroleum company Sonangol Group.

Operations
It provides helicopter services to Angolan oil facilities, both onshore and offshore, as well as scheduled and charter services within Africa and to the United States.

Domestically they also provide air transportation to several business groups - private and government, outside the oil business. The company was also the first to provide direct transportation of passengers and cargo between Angola and the United States. Until 2018, the airline provided thrice-weekly services between Luanda (LAD) and Houston (IAH) utilizing a Boeing 747-400 (10 First Class, 143 Business Class, some of which were marketed as a Premium Economy with a lesser amenity service, and 36 Economy Class seats) operated by Atlas Air. In Angola, SonAir is once again investing in its fleet after several years of impasse over the company's future. In a first phase, the Sonangol subsidiary was included in the privatization program announced in 2019, while several strategic changes and a program to refound the largest company in the country were introduced. This caused some internal ripples because Sonangol's Board of Directors argued that supporting the oil industry is a profitable business.

These decisions also led to the separation of the functions of concessionaire (which are now under the responsibility of ANPG - National Oil and Gas Agency) and operator. It was also established that Sonangol would focus mainly on its core business (research, production and distribution of oil and derivatives). In this context, the market for the provision of air transport services to the oil industry was liberalized, putting an end to the monopoly, which led to the entry of new players in this segment. After avoiding the closure of the company, Sonair is now looking to reinforce its operations in a context of greater internal competition.

Destinations
As of May 2018 SonAir operated scheduled flights to the following destinations:

 * Angola
 * Cabinda (Cabinda Airport)
 * Catumbela (Catumbela Airport)
 * Luanda (Quatro de Fevereiro Airport), hub
 * Soyo (Soyo Airport)

Fleet
As of February 2015 the Sonair fleet included:

Fixed wing

 * 1 Airbus A319
 * 13 Beechcraft 1900
 * 1 Boeing 727-100F
 * 2 Boeing 737-700
 * 2 Boeing 747-400 (operated by Atlas Air)
 * 2 Embraer Legacy 600 (operated by Planair)
 * 1 Dassault Falcon 7X (operated by Planair)
 * 2 Dassault Falcon 900 (operated by Planair)

Helicopters:

 * 8 Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma
 * 5 Eurocopter Dauphin AS 365N3
 * 16 Eurocopter EC225
 * 9 Sikorsky S-76C+ and S-76C++

The fleet included the following aircraft (as of August 2019):
 * 2 Boeing 737-700
 * 5 De Havilland Canada DHC-6-300 Twin Otter

Former fleet
The airline previously operated the following aircraft:
 * 4 further De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter

title: SonAir


text: User talk:85.101.159.9

title: User talk:85.101.159.9


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SCSK

SCSK Corporation (株式会社SCSK) is a Japanese information technology company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, offering IT services and computer software. Outside of Japan, It is widely known for its acquisition of Sega in 1984, ended in the sale to Sammy in 2004, through which Sega Sammy Holdings was established.

History
In 1969, Sumitomo Computer Service Corporation was established by Sumitomo Corporation. In 2005, Sumitomo Computer Service Corporation and Sumitomo Electronics Corporation were merged into Sumitomo Computer System Corporation.

Separately, in 1968, CSK Corporation was established by Japanese entrepreneur Isao Okawa in 1968. The acronym CSK was derived from "Computer Service". CSK established CSK Research Institute, later renamed as CRI Middleware, in 1983. At its peak, the company, the largest independent software company in Japan until it being acquired, was called the CSK Group. In the 2000s, its real estate investment business failed, resulting in heavy losses to the company after Okawa's death in 2001.

In April 2011, Sumitomo Corporation acquired CSK through a takeover. In October 2011, Sumitomo Computer System Corporation and CSK Corporation went through a statutory merger, in which Sumitomo Computer System absorbed CSK Corporation and was re-branded SCSK Corporation.

Services
The company offers the services of system integration, cloud computing, information security and produces computer software in Japan, mostly on a B2B basis for enterprises. SCSK Corporation's business type and scope is similar to those of Itochu Techno-Solutions, Uniadex and Mitsui Knowledge Industry, which also specialize in IT services. The company has been listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange since 1989, then as Sumitomo Computer Service Corporation.

title: SCSK


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File:Uwu01.jpg

Cover of Underworld Unleashed.

title: File:Uwu01.jpg


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Arnold Lewis Raphel

Arnold Lewis Raphel (March 16, 1943 – August 17, 1988) was an American diplomat who served as the 18th United States Ambassador to Pakistan.

Early life and education
Raphel was born March 16, 1943, in Troy, New York, into a Jewish family, the son of Harry and Sarah (Rote-Rosen) Raphel.

As a boy, Raphel was already interested in diplomacy and international affairs. At age 12, he wrote to the then Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, regarding his interest in diplomacy. Dulles wrote back in reply, advising him to "study hard, work hard and we’ll see you in ten years." Raphel graduated from Hamilton College (B.A., 1964) and the Maxwell School at Syracuse University (M.A., 1966).

Career
Raphel joined the US State Department in 1966. He held a variety of positions throughout his career until his death in 1988. He was mainly a diplomat for the US Government.

Iran hostage crisis
In 1979, Raphel was a key member of the State Department's Special Operations Group set up to free the American hostages seized by Iranian militants at the United States Embassy in Tehran.

Office of United States Secretary of State
In 1981, Raphel served as the Special Assistant to Secretary of State Edmund Muskie. Afterward, he became the Deputy Assistant to the United States Secretary of State in 1985.

Ambassador to Pakistan
Raphel was nominated by President Ronald Reagan and succeeded Dean Roesch Hinton as US Ambassador to Pakistan in January 1987.

Awards

 * Presidential Citizens Medal (1989)

Personal life
Raphel was married three times. His first wife was Myrna Feigenbaum, by whom he had one daughter, Stephanie. In 1978, he married fellow diplomat Robin Raphel; the marriage, which was childless, ended in divorce two years later. In 1987, he married another fellow diplomat, Nancy Halliday Ely-Raphel. They had been married for around a year when he died in an aircrash in August 1988.

Death
Raphel was serving as US ambassador to Pakistan, and was traveling in the plane with President Zia-ul-Haq on August 17, 1988, when the plane crashed, resulting in the death of 30 people, including him and President Zia.

Raphel was 45 years old. He was survived by both his parents, who were living in retirement by then in Atlantic City, N.J., and by his only daughter Stephanie, who was living with her mother, Myrna Feigenbaum, in Orlando, Florida. Raphel was also survived by his third wife, Nancy.

title: Arnold Lewis Raphel


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Pacific Academy

Pacific Academy is a private Christian school in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada that spans from preschool to Grade 12. The school has 4 classes per grade, and has over 200 staff members as well as 1500 students. It was started by Jim Pattison, a billionaire who donated money to create Pacific Academy. Pacific Academy also has an outreach program (PAOS) that spans the far reaches of the globe. For example, it supports the Kibaale community schools in Uganda. Pacific Academy was ranked by the Fraser Institute in the school year of 2017/2018, as 7th out of 251 British Columbian Secondary Schools.

History
The school's main website states that the school was founded by Christian pastors in 1985, with 200 students; the school moved in January 1991, and became an International Baccalaureate World School in 2004.

Chandos Pattison Auditorium
Chandos Pattison Auditorium is one of four theaters in Surrey, British Columbia. Chandos Pattison Auditorium is named after the father of business magnate Jim Pattison. The auditorium is part of Pacific Academy. In September 2008, FireFighters for Christ held an event at the auditorium called A Night to Remember: A Tribute to September 11, 2001. Two months later, the Soweto Gospel Choir performed at the venue. Destino also performed there in November in an operatic pop benefit concert in support of the Delta Arts Council. In March 2011, there was a dance performance at the auditorium to raise awareness about human trafficking. The Surrey Symphony Society held a Christmas concert there in December 2011 and a spring concert in May 2012.

Notable alumni

 * Bynon - DJ, Record Producer, Music writer
 * Gabriel Ho-Garcia - Olympic field hockey player (Canadian men's national team)
 * Jessica Lowndes - Actress

title: Pacific Academy


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Power Grid

Power Grid is the English-language version of the second edition of the multiplayer German-style board game Funkenschlag, designed by Friedemann Friese and first released in 2004. Power Grid was released by Rio Grande Games.

In the game, each player represents a company which owns power plants and tries to supply electricity to cities. During the game, players bid on power plants and buy resources to provide electricity to the growing number of cities in their network.

Background
Power Grid was developed from Funkenschlag, the original game, which had players draw their networks with crayons instead of playing on a fixed map. This and other changes were made when Friedemann Friese reworked the game. The new game is called Funkenschlag in the German market, but is sold under other names elsewhere.

Game play
The game comes with a double-sided board with a map of the United States on one side and Germany on the other. Each map has six regions, containing cities with connections of various costs between them. The number of regions used is based on the number of players. The map is a key strategic component, since some areas have generally higher connection costs than others.

Power Grid is played in rounds. Each round has five phases:

Determining turn order: Turn order is determined randomly at the beginning of the game. It is rearranged each round, according to the number of cities each player has connected. The player with the most connections goes first, followed by the player with the second-highest number of connections and so on. When players own the same number of connections, the player with the higher-value plant goes first. Auctioning power plants: Turn order determines who starts bidding on power plants. A player may pass rather than bid on a plant, forfeiting their chance to bid on any other power plants in a round. An initial bid must be equal to, or higher, than the value of an available plant. After the initial bid, players bid in clockwise order until every player passes on an existing bid. When a plant is purchased, a new one is drawn from the deck to replace it; available plants are re-arranged by value. The player with the highest-priority turn order (which may still be the first player) then has the option to bid on an available plant. The phase ends when every player has purchased a plant or passed on an opportunity to bid on a plant. Most power plants require at least one coal, oil, garbage (see waste to energy), or uranium resource to supply electricity. Wind turbines and hydraulic plants do not require resources. Buying resources: Players buy resources for their plants in reverse turn order. They can only purchase resources they can use, and each plant may only have twice the number of resources it needs to run; a plant which uses two oil can hold up to four oil. As resources are purchased, they become more expensive; the player who is last in turn order (the person with the fewest cities connected) can buy resources at the cheapest prices in that round. Building: In reverse turn order, players may build into cities. In the first round, a player may build into any city which is not already occupied. They may expand by paying the cost to build into the desired city, plus the value of all connections to that city from an already-occupied city. No player may build into more than one slot in a city. Slot one costs 10 elektros, and is the only slot available during step one (see steps below). During step two the second slot is available for 15 elektros, and in step three the final slot is available for 20 elektros. Bureaucracy: Players use resources to power their cities and earn more elektros based on the number of cities they power. Resources available for purchase are replenished at a rate based on the number of players in the game and the step. The most valuable power plant is placed at the bottom of the draw deck.

The game ends when one player builds a fixed number of cities, and the winner is the player who can supply electricity to the most cities with his network. In case of a tie, the player with the most money wins. If that results in a tie, the player with the most cities is the winner.

Power Grid is further divided into three steps. In step one eight power plants are visible to players, arranged in two rows of four based on reverse value. The first row (the least- valuable plants) is available for bidding. Only the first slot of a city may be connected. Step two begins when a player builds a set number of cities, determined by the number of players. The least-valuable available plant is removed from the game, and the second city slots are available for connection. Step three begins when the step-three card comes up in the power-plant deck after being initially placed at the bottom of the deck, and the least-valuable available plant is removed from the game. The available-power-plant pool is down to six, and the remaining-power-plant deck is shuffled to make a new draw deck.

Editions
Power Grid is available under different names in different markets. Most have the same game play, but a few editions are slightly different because they have non-standard maps.

Funkenschlag (Power Grid): The German and U.S. editions are virtually identical, with the same German or US maps. Small differences are unintentional consequences of the translation from German to English, and most errors have been corrected by Rio Grande Games in subsequent editions. Funkenschlag: EnBW edition: Released in 2007 as a promotional tie-in with EnBW, a power company in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, its map differs from Funkenschlag in Mannheim's replacement with nearby Karlsruhe (the location of EnBW's headquarters). The game's second map is of Baden-Württemberg. Player order is determined after the power-plant auction, and the power-plant deck has 41 plants instead of the original 42; plant #29 is omitted. Vysoké napětí: The Czech-Slovak edition has Central European and German maps. Mégawatts: The French edition has maps of France and Quebec. The Quebec map has more renewable power plants, reflecting its regional hydroelectricity. Other editions: Power Grid is also available in Polish, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Chinese, Korean, Portuguese, and Japanese. These editions have the original maps of Germany and the US and a map of each local publisher's home country. 10th anniversary deluxe edition: Released in 2014, it has redesigned wood pieces and cards and a double-sided board with Europe on one side and North America on the other, and replaces garbage (trash) with natural gas.

==Expansions== All expansions require the original game.

France and Italy: The France & Italy Expansion for Power Grid was released in 2005, with a double-sided map allowing play in France and Italy. Minor rule changes reflect the countries' power culture. France, which has embraced nuclear power, has an earlier start with atomic plants and more available uranium. Italy has fewer coal and oil resources, but more garbage. Benelux and Central Europe: The Benelux & Central Europe Expansion was released in 2006. This expansion provides a new double-sided map, this time for play in Benelux and Central Europe. Again, there are small rule changes to reflect the power culture in these two regions. Benelux (Economic union of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg) has more ecological power plants and more availability of oil. Central Europe (Poland, the Czech Republic, Austria, Slovakia, and Hungary) has rules changes in Steps 2 and 3, and limits on what type of power plant may be used to power cities in different regions (countries) of the map. Power Plant Deck 2: Released at the Spiel game fair in Essen in 2007, the Power Plant Deck 2 expansion has a second set of power-plant cards for gameplay variety. China and Korea: Released in 2008, the map expansion is for play in China and Korea. Minor rule changes reflect the region's power culture. In Korea, players have high connection costs. Because of the division of Korea, there are two resource markets. During each turn, a player must choose one market from which to buy resources; North Korea has fewer resources and no uranium. The Chinese market is a planned economy. The power plants on the market are offered in ascending order during the game's first two steps, and resources will probably to be in short supply as the game proceeds. Brazil, Spain and Portugal: The Brazil/Spain & Portugal expansion (also known as Brazil/Iberia), released in 2009, has additional maps. In Brazil, biogas replaces garbage and resources are scarcer than in the original game. In Spain and Portugal side, uranium becomes important in step two. Russia and Japan: Released in October 2010 with a restricted Russian power-plant market and different rules for exchanging out-of-date power plants. Based on Japan's two wide-area synchronous grids which run at different mains frequencies, players can begin two separate networks in that country. The Robots: Released in November 2011, the expansion added 30 tiles for AI players used with two players. Quebec and Baden-Württemberg: The Quebec/Baden-Württemberg expansion was released in 2012. Its maps were previously released in separate base games: Québec is part of Mégawatts (released by Filosofia) and Baden-Württemberg is included in Funkenschlag: EnBW. Northern Europe, United Kingdom and Ireland: The Northern Europe/United Kingdom & Ireland expansion was released at Essen 2012. Another map expansion, it includes twelve new power-plant cards for Northern Europe. The seven North European countries use different energy sources, and the set of power plants depends on the region chosen. Players can operate two networks in the UK and Ireland, but starting a second network is expensive since there is no direct connection between Ireland and Great Britain. Australia and Indian subcontinent: Released at Essen 2013, it contains regional maps. There are three networks and the maximum cost to connect two cities is 20 elektros, reducing the overall cost if a player is blocked in. The Stock Companies:Players play one degree removed from the original game by being shareholders in companies that take actions in the game. Players can invest in multiple companies with the objective of earning the most money.

Spin-offs
These are stand-alone games:

Power Grid: Factory Manager: Players own factories and try to earn the most money. Each player uses their workers to buy the best machines and robots on the market and run the machines most effectively. Players must monitor their energy consumption. Power Grid: The First Sparks: Similar to the original game, but set in the Stone Age.

Reception
According to Martin Wallace, "I cannot say the game is definitively a classic. What I do know is that it still gets played regularly around the U.K. games scene. The vast majority of board games get dragged out once or twice and are then chucked to one side to collect dust until either auctioned or hidden in the loft by the better half. Power Grid has hung around because it has that certain something about it that makes you happy to sit down and play a game".

Reviews

 * Pyramid

title: Power Grid


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Edmund Wood

Edmund Wood may refer to:

 * Edmund Burke Wood (1820–1882), Canadian politician
 * Edmund Wood (footballer) (1903–1986), English footballer
 * Edmund Wood (British politician), British Member of Parliament, 1924–1929

title: Edmund Wood


text:
Ra (board game)

Ra is a board game for two to five players designed by Reiner Knizia and themed around Ra, the sun-god of Heliopolis in ancient Egyptian culture. It is one of three auction games designed by Knizia, the others being Medici and Modern Art.

Originally published in Germany, it was republished in an English language translation by Rio Grande Games. Subsequent English language editions have been published by Überplay and again by Rio Grande Games. The last of these increased the number of players from the original 3-5 to 2-5, but otherwise all editions have used the same rules. Ra won the 2000 International Gamers Award and placed 2nd in the 1999 Deutscher Spiele Preis.

Gameplay
Ra is an auction game, in which the players compete for the same resources. The game is played in three rounds, called Epochs, reflecting the history of ancient Egypt. Players use their sun tokens to bid against each other on auctions for tiles. At the end of an epoch, points will be scored for the number and types of tiles a player managed to win. The price of the tiles is determined by the players bidding for them, and values can shift rapidly.

Players are faced with a constant balance between "what should be done eventually" and "what can actually be done now", which is a hallmark of many of Knizia's games, and of German-style board games in general.

History
Ra was published in 1999 by Alea in Germany. In an interview with Funagain Games, Knizia explains how he created the game : "Ra actually has a good story behind it; it was the first game I did after my retirement. Two or three weeks after my retirement I said, 'Okay, now let's get started.' That's the time, when I do a big game, that the world around me stops. I concentrate on this game and nothing else. And since I had more time, this concentration became even more extreme. For four to six weeks I did nothing but work on this game. "

Almost immediately the game was picked up for distribution and English translation by Rio Grande Games. Rio Grande owner Jay Tummelson explains how he chose Ra for distribution so early in its life: "Games I like are likely to be liked by others. With Ra, I saw it at Essen last year and decided I would like to do it in English. I approached Alea and offered to do it. We negotiated and I did it. I try to get involved earlier in the process…. I am working with some companies on games they are considering for next year, but have not decided on final theme or look."

999 Games published a Dutch edition of Ra in the Netherlands in 2000. Besides these three officially published language translations, fans of the game have translated the rules into Hungarian, Italian, Spanish, and French. All of these translations, along with reviews, photos, and discussions about the game can be found on BoardGameGeek.com, a board game database and fan community.

Ra quickly sold out, and was out of print for several years. In October 2005 Überplay reprinted the English version. The Überplay edition has minor differences from earlier editions: slightly larger tiles, a slightly larger board, a cloth sack to pull the tiles from, a smaller box (thanks to the board being quad-fold), a scoring summary printed on the board, and marks on tiles to indicate which are kept at the end of a round. In 2005 Knizia, working with Michael Menzel, also designed a new game called Razzia, which is the basic game of Ra with a mafia theme.

A third edition of Ra was published by Rio Grande Games in 2009. This increased the range of the number of players to 2-5 from the 3-5 of earlier editions.

Reception
A review in Ars Technica stated that Ra "might just be the best auction game".

title: Ra (board game)


text: User talk:204.129.158.10

title: User talk:204.129.158.10


text:
Tertianship

Tertianship is the final period of formation for members of the Society of Jesus. Upon invitation of the Provincial, it usually begins three to five years after completion of graduate studies. It is a time when the candidate for final vows steps back to assess his experience of living and working in the Society of Jesus and to discern whether this is the life to which he is being called by Christ. The Constitutions of the Society indicate that"after completing his studies (which were concerned with the cultivation of the intellect), the scholastic should apply himself to the schola affectus (which deals with matters of the heart), by turning now to 'spiritual and corporal' works, which will help him to make progress in humility and in the denial of selfishness and self-will or self-opinionatedness."Tertianship characteristically takes place either through the course of an academic year or through two consecutive summers. During this time, the Jesuit in formation, called a "tertian", will undertake an apostolic placement of teaching or service. The tertian will also return to study the history and foundational documents of the Society, study of ascetical theology, and undergo a thirty-day silent retreat based on the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola.

title: Tertianship


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Ringmaster (circus)

A ringmaster or ringmistress, or sometimes a ringleader, is a significant performer in many circuses. Most often seen in traditional circuses, the ringmaster is a master of ceremonies that introduces the circus acts to the audience. In smaller circuses, the ringmaster is often the owner and artistic director of the circus.

Duties and functions
A ringmaster introduces the various acts in a circus show and guides the audience through the experience, directing their attention to the various areas of the circus arena and helping to link the acts together while equipment is brought into and removed from the circus ring. A ringmaster may interact with some acts, especially the clown acts, to make the various acts part of a seamless circus performance. Ringmasters have become an integral part of the many circus shows and sometimes will be involved in elements of some of the acts performances.

It is traditionally the ringmaster's job to use hyperbole whenever possible while introducing the acts to enhance the expectations of the audience. Declarations of the "biggest", "most dangerous", "amazing", "spectacular" and similar expressions are common.

Costume and attire
The traditional ringmaster costume consists of a bright tailcoat, often red with gold trim and with a waistcoat and a black top hat; occasionally with a bow tie, cravat, or stock tie. The outfit is designed to look as an 18th-century gentleman's riding habit, and often includes a whip, a relic of when the ringmaster directed the performance, not as an announcer and host, but as director of the many equestrian acts. It is generally accepted that this costume was first adopted by George Claude Lockhart on the orders of Bertram Mills in 1928, when Lockhart worked as ringmaster for his circus at Olympia, London. A female circus leader is known as a ringmistress, and often wears a black skirt or leggings with knee-high black boots, and either the same style topcoat and tails as a ringmaster or a red blouse.

In non-English speaking countries, the ring master is known by different titles. In France, he is called "Monsieur Loyal" after the Anselme-Pierre Loyal (1753-1826), one of the first renowned circus personalities.

Early function and necessity
The main function of a ringmaster was to direct the attention of the audience. In the days before modern lighting equipment and amplification, most acts performed mute, accompanied only by the circus' in house brass band. It was the ringmaster's loud voice that was necessary to cut through the noise, get the audiences attention and announce the next act.

Notable ringmasters

 * Adolph Althoff (25 June 1913 – 14 October 1998), a German ringmaster and circus owner during World War II
 * Philip Astley (8 January 1742 – 20 October 1814), a British master equestrian and the "father of the modern circus"
 * James Anthony Bailey (4 July 1847 – 11 April 1906), an American ringmaster and co-founder of Barnum & Bailey Circus
 * P. T. Barnum (5 July 1810 – 7 April 1891), an American ringmaster and co-founder of Barnum & Bailey Circus
 * Norman Barrett (b. 1935), a British ringmaster, notable for the children's TV show Right Charlie
 * Tommy Hanlon Jr. (14 August 1923 – 11 October 2003), an American-born actor and ringmaster, notable for his career in Australia
 * Johnathan Lee Iverson (b. 30 January 1976), the first African-American ringmaster of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus
 * George Claude Lockhart (1885 – 8 October 1979), a British ringmaster of the International Circus at Belle Vue and Blackpool Tower Circus
 * George William Lockhart (1849 – 24 January 1904), a British ringmaster, equestrian, former acrobat, and elephant trainer
 * Henry Lytton Jr. (2 July 1906 – 16 September 1965), a British actor and singer, who served as ringmaster of the Blackpool Tower Circus

Records
Norman Barrett has been noted by Guinness Word Records as holding the Guinness world record for the 'longest career as a ringmaster'.

title: Ringmaster (circus)


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Alexander MacRobert (politician)

Alexander Munro MacRobert KC (1873 – 18 October 1930) was a Scottish lawyer and Unionist politician. He was Lord Advocate of Scotland in 1929.

Life
He was born in 1873 the son of Jean Carmichael and Thomas MacRobert.

He was educated at Paisley Grammar School, going on to study law at the University of Edinburgh and then the University of Glasgow graduating MA in 1895 and LLB in 1897. He became an advocate in 1897. In 1910 he was living at 86 Great King Street in Edinburgh's New Town.

He worked with the Admiralty in 1917–18 and as an Advocate Depute from 1919 to 1923. He was appointed King's Counsel in 1919. He was Sheriff of Forfar from 1923 to 1924.

He was an unsuccessful parliamentary candidate for Edinburgh Leith in 1922, and was elected for East Renfrewshire in October 1924 holding the seat until his death. He was appointed Solicitor General for Scotland in December 1925, and was promoted to serve as Lord Advocate briefly from May 1929 to June 1929.

He is buried in a line of law lords against the north wall of the 20th century extension to Dean Cemetery in Edinburgh, with his wife Emma Gentles.

title: Alexander MacRobert (politician)


text:
User talk:BookwormUK

=User Talk Section= Please do let me know if you have any Wikipedia pages that need to be tidied up as I will be delighted to help.

Sanskrit Articles
Does anyone have time to develop the Sanskrit pages with me on Wikipedia? BookwormUK 17:54, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

Voluntary Work Project
Is anyone interested in establishing a Wiki Project to discuss Voluntary work to help the needy in other countries? BookwormUK 00:15, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Hinduism and Hindu Mythology
Please consider joining these projects. Also do you want to help out at Sanskrit Wikipedia? There are only 600 articles there. Please join. Thanks GizzaChat  © 12:30, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Hinduism
--D-Boy 18:41, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia_talk:Notice_board_for_India-related_topics--D-Boy 18:41, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Earthquake Relief
Are there any groups that are organised and require help? BookwormUK 21:39, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

Indian property bubble
Indian property bubble has been proposed for deletion. An editor felt this information might be based on your own conclusions or research, rather than published ideas. Please review No original research for the relevant policy. If you can improve the article to address these concerns, please do so, citing sources.

If no one objects to the deletion within five days by removing the "prod" notice, the article may be deleted without further discussion. If you remove the prod notice, the deletion process will stop, but if an editor is still not satisfied that the article meets Wikipedia guidelines, it may be sent to Articles for deletion for consensus. NickelShoe (Talk) 02:09, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Russian property bubble
I have nominated Russian property bubble, an article you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Russian property bubble. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. Russavia Dialogue Stalk me 22:58, 10 October 2008 (UTC) Russavia Dialogue Stalk me 22:58, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:BookwormUK


text:
James McDowell

James McDowell (October 13, 1795 – August 24, 1851) was the 29th Governor of Virginia from 1843 to 1846 and was a U.S. Congressman from 1846 to 1851.

Biography
McDowell was born at "Cherry Grove," near Rockbridge County, Virginia, on October 13, 1795. He attended a classical school at Greenville, Virginia, a private school at Brownsburg, Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), Lexington, Virginia, and Yale College. He graduated from Princeton University in 1817 and studied law. He was admitted to the bar but did not practice. He was a member of the State house of delegates 1831–1835 and again in 1838. He was chosen as Governor of Virginia in 1843. He was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-ninth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William Taylor. He was reelected to the Thirtieth and Thirty-first Congresses and served from March 6, 1846, to March 3, 1851. McDowell died on his estate "Col Alto" near Lexington on August 24, 1851. He was interred in Presbyterian Cemetery.

McDowell was the brother-in-law of Senator Thomas Hart Benton. McDowell County, Virginia (now part of West Virginia) was formed in 1858 and named in honor of Governor McDowell.

title: James McDowell


text:
Talk:Camp Echo (Guantanamo Bay)

Merging
What is the consenus on merging this article into Camp Delta. ant_ie 18:22, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Why not merge Camp Delta, Camp X-ray Camp Iguana, and Camp Echo as a subsection to Guantanamo Bay? Wouldn't it be better to have one, well-written, NPOV article, without all the mispellings and typos. Joaquin Murietta 22:17, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree. ant_ie 21:30, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

responsible use of tags...
Another contributor added an unbalanced tag to the article. When instantiated an unbalanced tag directs readers to a fuller explanation on the talk page. This contributor never got around to offering an explanation for this tag. I suggest this is an irresponsible use of the tag. If the tagger doesn't explain their concern good faith contributors can't know when those concerns have been adequately addressed.

If no one offers an explanation of this tag, the next time I visit this article I will remove it.

Cheers! Geo Swan (talk) 17:46, 10 June 2009 (UTC)

don't fear the red-link
I reverted this excision which seems to be based on a misunderstanding of the value of red-links. What the excising contributor should have done was to have clicked on the "what links here" button of Camp_Echo_(Iraq). If they had done so they would have found the red-link had instances in two real articles: Polish zone in Iraq and Multinational Division Central-South. As such the hat-note was valid and useful and should not have been removed. Geo Swan (talk) 16:37, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Per WP:REDDEAL. While red-links can be useful this one here in the hatnote is not. Red links in hatnotes are useless as hatnotes serve a navigational prupose and should be replaced or removed. See also WP:REDDEAL. IQinn (talk) 17:26, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070930184710/http://www.cageprisoners.com/articles.php?id=8154 to http://www.cageprisoners.com/articles.php?id=8154

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:30, 6 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Camp Echo (Guantanamo Bay)


text:
Special Higher Police

The Special Higher Police (特別高等警察), often abbreviated Tokkō (特高), was, from 1911 to 1945, a Japanese policing organization, established within the Home Ministry for the purpose of carrying out high policing, domestic criminal investigations, and control of political groups and ideologies deemed to threaten the public order of the Empire of Japan. As the civilian counterpart to the military police forces of the Kenpeitai (army) and of the Tokkeitai (navy), the Tokkō's functions were criminal investigation and counter-espionage. The Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsu was also known by various nicknames such as the Peace Police (治安警察) and as the Thought Police (思想警察).

Establishment
The High Treason Incident of 1910 was the stimulus for the establishment of the Tokkō under the aegis of the Home Ministry. With the Russian Revolution, unrest at home due to the Rice Riots of 1918, increase in strikes and labor unrest from the labor movement, and Samil Uprising in Korea, the Tokkō was greatly expanded under the administration of Hara Takashi, and subsequent prime ministers. The Tokkō was charged with suppressing "dangerous thoughts" that could endanger the state. It was primarily concerned with anarchism, communism, socialism, and the growing foreign population within Japan, but its scope gradually increased to include religious groups, pacifists, student activists, liberals, and ultrarightists.

Expansion
After the passage of the Peace Preservation Law of 1925, the power of the Tokkō was expanded tremendously, and it expanded to include branches in every Japanese prefecture, major city, and overseas locations with a large Japanese population (including Shanghai, London and Berlin). In the late 1920s and 1930s, the Tokkō launched a sustained campaign to destroy the Japanese Communist Party with several waves of mass arrests of known members, sympathizers and suspected sympathizers (March 15 incident).

The Tokkō was composed of six departments (Special Police Work, Foreign Surveillance, Koreans in Japan, Labor Relations, Censorship, Arbitration). In 1927, a sub-bureau was added, the Thought Section of the Criminal Affairs Bureau, to deal with the study and suppression of subversive ideologies. The Tokkō made use of both uniformed and non-uniformed officers, along with a large network of informants. These informants were often undercover officers infiltrating suspect organizations and acting as agents provocateur, or voluntary informants from Tonarigumi neighborhood associations. Counter-espionage activities also included monitoring external telephone and radio communications inside or outside Japan and nearby areas.

By 1936, the Tokkō had arrested 59,013 people, of whom 5000 had been brought to trial; about half of those received prison sentences.

Abolishment
The Tokkō was abolished in October 1945 by the Allied Occupation authorities under the Removal of Restrictions on Political, Civil, and Religious Liberties. This directly led to prince Naruhiko Higashikuni's resignation as prime minister.

Principal agents and officers

 * Genki Abe

Notable cases involving the Tokkō

 * Investigation of the Sorge Spy Ring.
 * Death by torture of the Hokkaido writer Takiji Kobayashi

title: Special Higher Police


text:
User talk:Upabovethesky

Welcome!
Hello Upabovethesky, and welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like it here, and decide to stay and contribute some more.

It's good to see someone putting some structure into some of those Pakistan cricket articles. Have you found WikiProject Cricket yet? There's a collection of us who like to edit cricket articles. There's always a lively discussion going on on the talk page too. But I don't think we have any Pakistan supporters at the moment, which could explain why a lot of the Pakistani player pages aren't very good.

Finally, I wanted to warn you that I removed your photo of Imran Khan from his article. I'm sorry to do this when you managed to find a photo. Photos are a big problem on the cricket articles. It's hard to find photos, except for professional photos from photo agencies, which we're not allowed to use. But the problem with a book cover is that it can come under fair use rules, but only to talk about the book itself. So if you were to write an article about that book, you could use a scan of the cover, but in an article about Imran Khan himself, it wouldn't be fair use.

Well, welcome again, and I hope you'll join our cricket community here on Wikipedia and we'll see more from you in future.

Stephen Turner 18:23, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Upabovethesky


text:
Soho Benson Road tram stop

Soho Benson Road tram stop is a tram stop in Soho, Birmingham, England. It was opened on 31 May 1999 and is situated on West Midlands Metro Line 1. It is situated on the site of the old Soho and Winson Green railway station, which was closed in 1972.

The Birmingham to Worcester railway line runs alongside, but the stop is served only by trams, as there are no railway platforms.

Services
On Mondays to Fridays, West Midlands Metro services in each direction between Edgbaston Village and Wolverhampton St George's/Wolverhampton Station run at six to eight-minute intervals during the day, and at fifteen-minute intervals during the evenings and on Sundays. They run at eight minute intervals on Saturdays.

title: Soho Benson Road tram stop


text: Category:Cuban businesspeople

title: Category:Cuban businesspeople


text:
User talk:DragonHawk/Archive 4

"Windows Template"
I know your busy right now but if you have a spare minute there are some discussions going on regarding the Windows navbox that I know you worked on before, I'd love to hear your opinion. JasonJD48 (talk) 03:29, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

Cent: Clarity of listings
Please see: Template talk:Cent. Andy Mabbett (User: Pigsonthewing ); Andy's talk; Andy's edits 06:50, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

Don't reformat other people's comments
Not under any circumstances (although it's OK to sign a comment if they forget, but even then only if you make it clear that's what happened.)Rememberway (talk) 01:19, 3 May 2011 (UTC)

 * There are quite a few circumstances where it's okay to reformat other people's comments. See WP:TPO.  "Fixing format errors ... include fixing indentation levels" is explicitly allowed. — DragonHawk (talk|hist) 01:46, 3 May 2011 (UTC)

Wikipedia:NBD listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect NBD. Since you had some involvement with the Wikipedia:NBD redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion (if you have not already done so).  It Is Me Here  t /  c  15:16, 24 August 2011 (UTC)

Merger proposal
Sorry to bother you, but since it looks like you've been involved can you check out the talk page at Mini survival kit? Thank you. Wekn  reven i susej eht Talk• Follow 21:50, 28 December 2011 (UTC)

You're invited! New England Wikimedia General Meeting
Message delivered by Dominic at 08:35, 11 April 2012 (UTC). Note: You can remove your name from this meetup invite list here.

Disambiguation link notification for June 28
Hi. In your recent article edits, you've added some links pointing to disambiguation pages. Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

 * Burglar alarm (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver)
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It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 13:52, 28 June 2012 (UTC)

Talk header discussion
There's a discussion regarding the injunction not to place Talk header on a blank talkpage. It was pointed out that you added the advice in 2007. Looking into the history of the template, it appeared to me that you might have added that advice because there were a handful of users who disliked the template because it turned talkpage links blue, and you added that advice as a concession to them. If I have got that wrong, or you wish to join the discussion, it's at: Wikipedia talk:Talk page guidelines.  SilkTork   ✔Tea time  14:24, 22 August 2012 (UTC)

MOS:BOLDTITLE
Hi. You participated in a previous discussion that led to changes in this policy. There is a current discussion at WT:LEAD further concerning that policy and its application, including the changes made. You may be interested in the new discussion, as the previous changes have been brought up there. – 2001:db8:: (rfc | diff) 04:52, 27 May 2013 (UTC)

File:Abort Retry Fail.PNG missing description details
Dear uploader: The media file you uploaded as: is missing a description and/or other details on its image description page. If possible, please add this information. This will help other editors make better use of the image, and it will be more informative to readers.
 * File:Abort Retry Fail.PNG

If you have any questions, please see Help:Image page. Thank you. Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) 16:13, 1 July 2013 (UTC)

2nd Annual Wikimedia New England General Meeting
You are invited to the 2nd Annual Wikimedia New England General Meeting, on 20 July 2013 in Boston! We will be talking about the future of the chapter, including GLAM, Wiki Loves Monuments, and where we want to take our chapter in the future! EdwardsBot (talk) 10:19, 16 July 2013 (UTC)

Abort, Retry, Ignore
Sure go ahead and edit the page. I still feel that anybody understanding that article is well aware that MSDOS was command line oriented. I really feel that is irrelevant, as A,R,I would pop up during programs that took over the screen and did menus. The real reasons for it are the need to be compatible with CP/M (where on most machines a disk missing from a drive would make the call to open a file block until a disk was inserted, therefore a lot of software assumed that the only possible result for creating a file was an opened file).

It certainly was Abort, Retry, *Ignore* in the version most users see. By the time Microsoft added "Fail" most software that took over the screen had also replaced the handler, so users did not see this anywhere near as much. I do remember that faking "fail" was a real pain in MSDOS2 and required unwinding the stack through the MSDOS system, a kludge that was very unstable and Microsoft was forced to remain compatible with the dozens of methods software used to fake this.

I think the important points are:
 * Doing "Fail" ALWAYS would have been a much, much, much, much (...) better solution and could have been done even on a "primitive command-line-oriented system" as you call it (which is the real reason I do not like that text). This would not be incompatible with CP/M software, as it would simply act as though the file was not found, which I cannot think of any examples where this would be worse than the program crashing immediately. This is an inexcusably bad design by Microsoft.
 * This is an excellent example of cryptic error messages. The information it presents is perfectly accurate but has nothing to do with what the user wants to know or wants to do. This is a design problem that still exists today. Lots of programmers just think if the errors are "pretty" and antialiased and non-modal and have "help" buttons and other crap that it is fixed, but it is not at all. "Abort, Retry, Ignore" would be equally bad no matter how beautiful the pop up error box is. This is the other reason I don't like that "command line oriented" text.

Spitzak (talk) 19:24, 5 May 2011 (UTC)

Abiogenesis article - first sentence
Hello,

Please read the Abiogenesis talk page and make your case there more clearly for changing the first sentence of the article. Here's the direct link: Talk:Abiogenesis. Many thanks in advance. Dontreader (talk) 21:11, 2 November 2013 (UTC)

Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Lead section#WP:BOLDTITLE and election articles
I have started a discussion that may interest you at Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Lead section. Anomalocaris (talk) 08:09, 3 April 2014 (UTC)

You're invited!
(You can unsubscribe from future notifications for Boston-area events by removing your name from this list.)

title: User talk:DragonHawk/Archive 4


text:
Danish Security and Intelligence Service

Politiets Efterretningstjeneste (PET) (literally: Police Intelligence Service, official name in English: Danish Security and Intelligence Service, or DSIS) is the national security and intelligence agency of Denmark. The agency focuses solely on national security, and foreign intelligence operations are handled by the Danish Defence Intelligence Service, the foreign intelligence service administered by the Danish Royal Defense.

The stated overall purpose of PET is to "prevent, investigate and counter operations and activities that pose or may pose a threat to the preservation of Denmark as a free, democratic and safe country".

History
The history of PET can be traced back to shortly before World War II when the Danish police force expanded to create the Sikkerhedspoliti (SIPO) (literally: Security Police).

Operations
The primary duties of the PET are counter-terrorism, counter-extremism, counter-espionage and security.

Counterterrorism encompass stopping terrorist attacks on Denmark and Danish interests, and preventing Denmark from being used as a base of operations for carrying out terrorist attacks in and against other countries. Furthermore, it attempts to gather evidence to ensure that terrorists are prosecuted. Denmark is obliged by UN and EU resolutions to support other states in prosecuting terrorists.

Aside from the three main areas, PET also provides counselling to Danish companies on how to avoid espionage but is directly involved in countering industrial espionage only if an agency of a foreign government is involved. It has a role as national security advisor to the Danish government, public authorities and other branches of the police along with a number of other activities common to domestic security organisations.

PET also provides bodyguards for Danish royalty, politicians and other persons.

Organization
PET is a part of the Danish police but reports directly to the Minister of Justice.

The headquarters is in Copenhagen, and they have offices in Århus and Odense located in the local police stations. Because the service is integrated with the Danish police, they have representatives in all police precincts of Denmark.

The Security Department
The Security Department provides operational support to the other units of PET and the police districts through: the Special Intervention Unit, the Personal Protection Unit and the Negotiation Group. The Security Department also comprises: the Security Co-ordination Centre, which ensures ongoing prioritisation of, among other tasks, personal protection and security coordination assignments in relation to major events, state visits and similar.

Supervision and oversight
Several organs oversee PET in order to make sure the agency does not misuse its powers.
 * Ministry of Justice.
 * The parliamentary budget committee (Rigsrevisionen) has oversight and supervision with the budgets.
 * The Wamberg committee has oversight and supervision with the registration of people.
 * Parliamentary intelligence agencies control committee, that consist of five members, from each of the five biggest parties.

Besides those listed the agency is also under the control of the Courts of Denmark (which has to approve many special steps of investigation, e.g. wire-tapping.)

Criticism and public relations
PET was criticised in the late 1990s for being closed to the public and has tried to counter these claims by adopting a more open approach. Thus PET has taken to maintain a website explaining its overall aims and obligations and publishing an annual public report surveying extremist activities in Denmark and the threat level to national domestic security (albeit only in a very overall fashion).

Following a report into the 2015 Copenhagen shootings, Jens Madsen resigned.

People with bodyguards
PET does not comment on whom they offer specific bodyguard protection. However, it is publicly established that the following people are under permanent protection:

 * Frederik X of Denmark
 * Mary of Denmark
 * Margrethe II of Denmark
 * Mette Frederiksen, prime minister of Denmark

These people have or have had at some time full-time protection:
 * Rasmus Paludan, politician and leader of the now defunct Hard Line anti-immigration political party (Dissolved by parliamentary order)
 * Pia Kjærsgaard, former speaker of the Danish parliament Folketinget, and former leader of the right-wing political party Dansk Folkeparti
 * Helle Thorning-Schmidt, former Prime minister of Denmark and former leader of the Social Democrats
 * Lars Løkke Rasmussen, former Prime minister of Denmark and former leader of Venstre
 * Naser Khader, member of the Danish parliament
 * Kurt Westergaard, cartoonist
 * Prince Joachim of Denmark
 * Lars Hedegaard, historian and journalist


text:
User:Nklensch

I have nothing to say about myself at the moment.

title: User:Nklensch


text:
Category talk:People by council area in Scotland

Untitled
I don't like the idea of this page - for one very simple reason. There have been radical changes to the council areas over the last forty years, and these are highly confusing, particularly in the case of Aberdeenshire, which is currently much larger than it formerly was, but retains the same name. --MacRusgail 18:27, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Perthshire
Should Category:People from Perthshire really be a sub-category here? No other category for a former council area/county is in this category (eg Category:People from Ross and Cromarty is not). Dunarc (talk) 15:22, 25 February 2017 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Unfallen1

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 18:27, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Doh...missed him by THAT much..I was gonna welcome him!--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 03:44, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Just say MOE
MOE MOE MOE MOE MOE ITLAN!--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 11:19, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Do we really want this?!
My dear friend and fellow Wikipedian, A proposal has been made here which could effect the way all featured articles, and perhaps even eventually all articles, are handled in the future. While it has the well-meaning intention of addressing some real problems, if it is adapted, I fear it will actually create more problems and possibly destroy the wonderfully open and collaborative nature of the Wikipedia we all so love.

I therefore, strongly urge you to join us who OPPOSE this potentially dangerous proposal. Thank you for your time, thoughts and words.--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 08:10, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

ALL YOUR WIKI ARE BELONG TO US!
SOMEBODY SET US UP THE POV!--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 12:57, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Category:K.W. Jeter
Notice this is one of yours. The std naming for this type of category would be "Category:K. W. Jeter" with the extra space. Should be renamed! :: Kevinalewis  : (Talk Page) /(Desk)  16:31, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

Yo Mama!
Greets Rifferness, Remember Mama Lo's? Intercourse yeah you do! I just started a lil stub about it. If there's anything you can add to it please do. So many have fond memories of that place and the wonderful folks who ran it...besides it is notable enough, I think, to warrant a Wiki article. The better developed it is the less likely it will be deleted.--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 10:53, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of NC*SA

A tag has been placed on NC*SA requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person, a group of people, an individual animal, an organization (band, club, company, etc.), web content, or an organized event that does not credibly indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the.

Proposed deletion of NC*SA

The article NC*SA has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "As a declined WP:CSD A7."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Jay 💬 05:33, 10 February 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Unfallen1


text:
Arthur Yap

Arthur Yap Chioh Hiong (1943 – 19 June 2006) was a Singaporean poet, writer and painter.

Biography
Arthur Yap was born in Singapore, the sixth child of a carpenter and a housewife. Yap attended St Andrew's School and the University of Singapore, after which he won a British Council scholarship to study at the University of Leeds in England. At Leeds Arthur earned a master's degree in Linguistics and English Language Teaching, later obtaining his PhD from the National University of Singapore in the years after he returned from Leeds. He stayed on in the university's Department of English Language and Literature as a lecturer between the years 1979 and 1998. Between 1992 and 1996, Yap served as a mentor with the Creative Arts Programme run by the Ministry of Education to help inspire students and nurture young writers at local secondary schools and junior colleges. Yap was then diagnosed with lung cancer, and received radiotherapy treatment. Yap was known to be an intensely private man.

Poetry
Yap's poetry is distinctive for an unusual linguistic playfulness and subtlety that is able to bridge the rhythms of Singlish with the precision of acrolectic English. Unsurprisingly, the craft of Yap's voice has the admiration of other writers. Anthony Burgess has written that he encountered Down the Line "with elation and occasional awe", while D. J. Enright has praised Yap's "sophisticated cosmopolitan intelligence". The Oxford Companion to 20th-Century Poetry describes Yap's poems as "original, but... demanding: elliptical, dense, dry, sometimes droll. At their best, they shuttle between playfulness and sobriety and are alert to the rhythms and contours of the natural and the peopled landscape, seasoning insight with compassion."

His first collection of poems Only Lines was published in 1971, when he was 28. It had a first print run of 2,000 to 3,000 copies. Its whimsical, wordplay-based humour captured the hearts of poetry lovers, and it won the first poetry award from the National Book Development Council of Singapore in 1976. An analysis of the poems from Only Lines finds moments of both celebration and apology for the power of the written word. At times he begins his verses as if in mid-conversation with the reader: The pun on the word 'plot' in this passage, denoting both a storyline and a piece of land, suggests a dimensionality in the language that belies the dismissive adjective 'only'.

Other signature features of Yap's poems include his choice of simple words, and the use of all-lowercase style favoured by American poet E. E. Cummings.

Yap's second collection Commonplace was published in 1977. The third collection, Down The Line (1980) was acclaimed and won Yap his second Book Council Award. In 1983, Yap was honored with Singapore's Cultural Medallion for Literature and the South-East Asian Write Award in Bangkok. Yap described this as one of the high points in his literary career. Translations of his books were published in many Asian countries, mainly in the Japanese, Mandarin and Malay languages. In 1988, Yap won his third Book Council Award for Man Snake Apple & Other Poems (1986).

One of Yap's short stories was included in Singapore Short Stories, which was used worldwide for the 'O' Levels from 1991 to 1992. Yap's poems 'In Passing', about the restlessness of the modern world, and 'Old House at Ann Siang Hill' were included in The Calling of Kindred: Poems from the English-speaking World, a poetry anthology prescribed for the 'O' Levels in Singapore from 1996 to 1997. His poems also have been included in a literature course offered by McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, and collected in anthologies like New Voices of the Commonwealth, The Flowering Tree and The Second Tongue: An Anthology of Poetry from Malaysia and Singapore. Selected poems of his are on the reading lists of West Virginia University and New York University Sydney. Yap also served as the general editor of literary magazine Singa, first published in 1981.

In 1998, Yap received the Montblanc-NUS Centre for the Arts Literary Award for English.

A selection from each of Yap's previous books was compiled in The Space of City Trees: Selected Poems published in 2000. Extracts from The Space of City Trees were subsequently published in The Straits Times' Life! Books section. NUS Press published The collected poems of Arthur Yap and Noon at five o'clock, a collection of his short stories, in 2013 and 2014 respectively. Yap's paintings decorated both book covers.

In 2015, Down the Line was selected by The Business Times as one of the Top 10 English Singapore books from 1965 to 2015, alongside titles by Goh Poh Seng and Daren Shiau.

Painting
Yap was also a painter. His passion for painting began in 1967 when he was working as a Pre-University English Literature teacher at the Serangoon Gardens English School. During the weekends he would pick up the brush, expressing himself through his abstract works of art. On 13 April 1969 Arthur Yap held his first solo art exhibition featuring 44 square abstract paintings at the National Library in Stamford Road. Yap went on to have a total of seven solo exhibitions in Singapore, as well as participating in group exhibitions in Malaysia, Thailand and Australia. Yap's paintings were also chosen to represent Singapore at the Adelaide Festival of Arts in 1972.

Death
After a two-and-half-year battle with throat cancer, Yap died in his sleep at home on 19 June 2006. He was 63. The cancer had recurred in 2004, and Yap underwent major surgery to remove his voice box.

Works

 * Only Lines (Federal Publications, 1971)
 * Commonplace (Heinemann Educational Books, 1977)
 * Down the Line (Heinemann Educational Books, 1980) ISBN 9971640023
 * Man Snake Apple & Other Poems (Heinemann Asia, 1986) ISBN 9971641089
 * The space of city trees: selected poems (Skoob, 2000) ISBN 1-871438-39-X
 * The collected poems of Arthur Yap (NUS Press, 2013) ISBN 9789971696535
 * Noon at five o'clock: the short stories of Arthur Yap (NUS Press, 2014) ISBN 9789971697914
 * 2 mothers in a hdb playground(down the line,1980)

title: Arthur Yap


text: User talk:64.251.53.68

title: User talk:64.251.53.68


text: User talk:69.214.173.142

title: User talk:69.214.173.142


text:
Handsworth Booth Street tram stop

Handsworth Booth Street tram stop is a tram stop in Handsworth, Birmingham, England. It was opened on 31 May 1999 and is situated on West Midlands Metro Line 1. It is situated on the site of the old Handsworth and Smethwick railway station, which closed in 1972.

The Birmingham to Worcester railway line runs alongside, but the stop is served only by trams, as there are no railway platforms.

Immediately south of the tram stop the West Midlands Metro passes over a modern bridge which takes the line over a siding for an adjacent scrap metal works. This bridge was constructed under instruction from Network Rail.

Services
On Mondays to Fridays, West Midlands Metro services in each direction between Edgbaston Village and Wolverhampton St George's/Wolverhampton Station run at six to eight-minute intervals during the day, and at fifteen-minute intervals during the evenings and on Sundays. They run at eight minute intervals on Saturdays.

There is an hidden feature to its past life under the railway bridge on Booth Street itself which is the bricked up gentlemen's toilet.

title: Handsworth Booth Street tram stop


text:
Ferry Point, Hong Kong

Ferry Point, also known as Austin, is an area located on the west of Jordan, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It was at the seafront and adjacent to former Jordan Road Ferry Pier. However, after reclamation, the ferry pier was then demolished and the name Austin is frequently used instead of Ferry Point.

Ferry Point is often considered as the area at the west of Jordan and Kwun Chung, the south of Tai Kok Tsui and the east of Elements (a mall above Kowloon station of the MTR Airport Express and Tung Chung line).

title: Ferry Point, Hong Kong


text:
Dominic Loricatus

Dominic Loricatus, O.S.B. Cam. (Italian: San Domenico Loricato; 995 - 1060), was an Italian monk, born in the village of Luceolis near Cantiano (then in Umbria, now in the Marche). His father, seeking social advancement, paid a bribe to have him ordained a priest when still a child. When he discovered the fact, he resolved on a life of penance and became a hermit in the woods near the abbey of S. Emiliano in Congiuntoli, then a Camaldolese monk at the monastery of Fonte Avellana in 1040.

Fonte Avellana was at this time under the influence of St. Peter Damian, who promoted penitential self-mortification. It is through his vigorous embrace of this practice that Dominic Loricatus has become most well known, particularly through a mention by Edward Gibbon in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Vol. V, C. LVIII):

"By a fantastic arithmetic, a year of penance was taxed at three thousand lashes; and such was the skill and patience of a famous hermit, Saint Dominic of the iron Cuirass, that in six days he could discharge an entire century, by a whipping of three hundred thousand stripes. His example was followed by many penitents of both sexes; and, as a vicarious sacrifice was accepted, a sturdy disciplinarian might expiate on his own back the sins of his benefactors."

Dominic is said to have performed these lashes while reciting the psalms, with 100 lashes for each psalm. 30 psalms (3000 strokes) made penance for one year of sin; the entire psalter redeemed 5 years, while 20 psalters (300,000 strokes) redeemed one hundred years - hence the 'One Hundred Years Penance' St. Dominic is said to have performed in six days, over Lent.

Dominic owes his nickname Loricatus to his further bodily mortification of wearing a coat of chain mail (Latin: Lorica hamata) next to his skin as a hairshirt. He died at the Hermitage of San Vicino, near San Severino Marche in 1060, where he had been appointed prior by Peter Damian the previous year, where his remains are still venerated. His feast is celebrated by the Camaldolese Order on October 14.

title: Dominic Loricatus


text:
Diego Torres (singer)

Diego Antonio Caccia, known as Diego Torres, (born March 9, 1971) is an Argentine pop singer, songwriter, musician, and actor. His music is generally categorized as Latin pop, tropical, and rock & roll. He is a member of the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame, and the son of the Argentine icon Lolita Torres.

His work has been well received throughout Latin America and he is a recipient of numerous awards, including the Latin Grammy Award, which he has won three times. His hit single "Color Esperanza," released as an anthem of hope during Argentina's economic depression, has become a standard for school choirs since its release in 2001. He performed it for Pope Francis in 2015.

Early life
He's the son of popular Argentine singer and actress Lolita Torres.

Career
In 1989, Torres' music career began with a band called "La Marca." Later, he began his first steps on TV starring in the successful TV series "La Banda del Golden Rocket" which stayed on air for three years. He loves soccer. Torres has won 3 awards along with 17 nominations for the Latin Grammys.

In 1992 he launched his first album, "Diego Torres," produced by Cachorro López. This album was rewarded 3 times platinum. Two years later, and a little distant from TV, he launched his second album called "Tratar de estar mejor" which received 5 platinum albums in Argentina and gold and platinum albums in other Latin American countries. This album launched Torres to the international scene.

In 1996 the Italian producer Celso Valli produced Torres' third album, "Luna Nueva", and months later Diego started touring with his band all across Latin America, United States, and Spain. The album went on sale, soon reaching gold and quickly being rewarded with the platinum in Argentina.

In 1999 he recorded his fourth album called "Tal Cual Es", produced by Cachorro López. This album showed Diego's talent and creativity to compose and mix different Latin sounds, such as flamenco guitars as well as various other tropical sounds.

His next album was named "Un Mundo Diferente" which was recorded in the second half of 2001 in Buenos Aires and Miami. This album presents a variety of styles and merges with several Latin rhythm styles in most songs, such as in his most successful song so far, "Color Esperanza", which stayed at the top of the Argentine Singles/Airplay Chart for twelve consecutive weeks. The album received a Grammy Award nomination in 2003.

2004 brought a new challenge to Diego: the possibility of recording an MTV Unplugged, which aired in the MTV networks of Brazil, Latin America, Spain and United States. The reconversion of the acoustics in some of his hits along with the presentation of his new themes were part of this show, which was also produced on CD and DVD.

In 2006 he released his sixth studio album "Andando", proceeded by the lead single "Abriendo Caminos" featuring Dominican singer-songwriter Juan Luis Guerra. In 2005 he received the Platinum Konex Award as best Argentine male pop/ballad singer, shared with Sandro de América.

In 2010 he released his seventh studio album "Distinto" featuring his first the number-one Billboard Hot Latin Song single "Guapa".

TV

 * 1989: Nosotros y los otros
 * 1991: El gordo y el flaco
 * 1991–1993: La Banda del Golden Rocket
 * 2011: Los únicos
 * 2013: Los Vecinos en Guerra

Theater

 * 1990: Pajáros in the Nait
 * 1991: El Zorro
 * 1992: La Banda del Golden Rocket

Film

 * 1988: El profesor Punk
 * 1994: Una sombra ya pronto serás
 * 1997: La furia
 * 1999: La venganza
 * 2003: El juego de Arcibel
 * 2012: Extraños en la noche

Studio albums

 * 1992: Diego Torres
 * 1994: Tratar de Estar Mejor
 * 1996: Luna Nueva
 * 1999: Tal Cual Es
 * 2001: Un Mundo Diferente
 * 2006: Andando
 * 2010: Distinto
 * 2015: Buena Vida
 * 2021: Atlántico a Pie

Live albums

 * 2004: MTV Unplugged

Compilation albums

 * 2008: Un Cachito de Mí: Grandes Éxitos
 * 2008: Todos Éxitos

Other albums

 * 1991: Compañías Indias (with his former group La Marca)

Nominations

 * 2013 Martín Fierro Awards
 * Best actor of daily comedy (for Los vecinos en guerra)

title: Diego Torres (singer)


text:
Ferry Point

There are many places named Ferry Point in the world:
 * Ferry Point, Hampshire on the Hayling Island of England
 * Ferry Point, Hong Kong in Kowloon, Hong Kong
 * Ferry Point, California, United States
 * Ferry Point Border Crossing on the U.S.–Canada border
 * Ferry Point Park in the Bronx, New York City

title: Ferry Point


text:
User talk:ChristopherEdwards

UPDATE LATER

LGBT WikiProject Newsletter
Delivered on 17:31, 11 October 2007 (UTC).

LGBT WikiProject Newsletter
{| class="navbox collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left; border: 0px; margin-top: 0.2em;" ! style="background-color: #CC9966; text-align: center;" |The LGBT studies WikiProject Newsletter  {| The LGBT studies WikiProject Newsletter! Issue XI - November 1, 2007
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Hey, Peeps, it's that time of the month again (no not that time — get your mind out of the gutter): time for another monthly edition of the LGBT Project's Love Boat newsletter from your cruise director Miss Julie. So much has been happening this month and I just can't wait to tell you all about it!!!

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Alice and her harasser
Let's start with some good news: Alice and the project lost the bothersome sock puppet who had been disrupting many articles we monitor, and now most of us can edit in relative peace. Congratulations, Alice, for being able to come out of semi-retirement. Benjiboi, on the other hand, has gained an anonymous IP stalker who seems to be more Catholic than the Pope and who has a hard-on for the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence. We seem to have a sort of Yin and Yang thing going on here, which helps both to keep us in balance and on our toes.

Harry Potter and his homosexual teacher
Albus Dumbledore got outed this month, and was immediately adopted by our project. The international brouhaha surrounding this disclosure reached all the way to Wikiland, and his article was briefly locked due to homophobic vandalism (as well as well meaning editors who just couldn't believe that that nice man could possibly be gay). This is a wonderful article to add to your watchlist, and will surely give you hours of reverting fun on cold winter days.

"My Fellow Americans"
On a more serious note, Fireplace has suggested a new article series about LGBT rights in the United States, state by state. This ambitious topic will surely require many editors and a lot of research, but has the potential to add further prestige to our already prestigious project.

Same name, same sexuality: a riddle for the ages
Francis Bacon (not the new gay one, but the old gay one ... though they're actually both dead, now that I think about it) has also aroused passions here on Wikipedia, with editors opposing his sexuality being disclosed in his biography. The always helpful Haiduc has thoughtfully provided any number of sources, but it is slow going getting his point across. Anyone want to lend a hand?

Beat writer arouses Irish guy
And speaking of passions, Jack Kerouac has inflamed the senses once again with editors, including administrator Irishguy, mounting a spirited defense to keep him as heterosexual as possible for Wikipedia purposes. Why? I don't know. Perhaps some of you can drop by the talk page and ask your questions there. I feel certain a stimulating debate will ensue that will be enjoyed by all.

Love those Texas Longhorns
Did you know that one of our Featured articles, Lawrence v. Texas, lost its shiny gold star? That was a shocker. It has been suggested that we turn our attention to it in an effort to restore it to its former glory. I took a peek, and it does need our help badly. For our American editors, it would seem almost a civic duty to edit it (not that I'm hinting....).

Point and Counterpoint
Though it was far too intellectual a debate for a mere cruise director like myself to take part in, Intersexuality was certainly a hot topic a week or two ago. The thrust of the debate was over inclusion in our project. Lots of good editors had lots of good opinions. For those too lazy to check out the discussion, we decided to leave it out for now.

Drudgery on offer
Peer review is, as always, short staffed and seemingly unloved. Wouldn't you feel better about yourself and the world in general if you took a few minutes to read one of the listed articles and offer some helpful advice? I know I'd feel better if you did.
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"My Fellow Americans" redux
The article LGBT movements in the United States certainly raised eyebrows last week, especially when it was discovered that copyrighted content had been added to our article. Tragedy was averted at the last minute, though, when the original hosts of the article where the material had been pilfered agreed to make it free to everyone. Our thanks to them, whoever they are. Busy Bee that I am, I haven't had time to read it, but I'm sure it's sensational.

This month's Wiki stars
Lesbian pulp fiction (a genre close to my heart, I must confess) writer Ann Bannon has decided to spice up the featured articles candidates list this month. Why not drop by and make your opinion heard? Joining her in this lofty aspiration are the articles But I'm a Cheerleader and Conversion therapy. I'm sure their main editors would welcome any comments (well, helpful ones, anyway) on the talk pages or the FAC discussions. And lest we forget, the List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: Sd-Si became a Featured list!! Rah rah, siskumbah! Go, team, GO!!!!

And the Oscar goes to...
Not content to run for Best Actress, plucky Bannon won a Best supporting actress Oscar... whoops, I meant to say Ann is also getting more than her share of womanly attention on the Good Article list. Joining her on this exalted plane are Freddy Mercury, Waylon Smithers and Lance Bass. Good articles indeed, and the last one mentioned just goes to show that one needn't admire the subject of an article to appreciate the effort put into making him worthwhile reading. What on earth Britney ever saw in him I'll never know. Truly a riddle cloaked in an enigma and wrapped around a puzzle.

Fresh faces to brighten our pages
Though I may not be the first, let me extend a warm, LGBT Love Boat welcome to the 12 new members who joined us in October: Jliberty, JockCub360, ChristopherEdwards, Desiderius82, Zlrussell, Kelsied, BeardedWoof, Mujerado, Tyrfing, Fabgurrl, Redl@nds597198, and decafdyke! Whatever you choose to do here, I feel sure that your contributions will enhance our project to no end. And if they don't...well, let's just say that I'm not shy.

Leather and lace
On a personal note, your already overworked cruise director is being cyberly whipped almost daily by Nemissimo, who desperately wants to get the German BDSM translation copy edited and used as a replacement for the current one. It's such a ... err, stimulating topic that I am sure many of you will want to join the copy editing fun. Jump right in, folks! It's so lonely copy editing it all by my lonesome!

Late breaking news
A little birdie just whispered in my ear that our noble collaboration project was delisted from the Community Portal due to inactivity. When asked how this scandalous turn of events could have occurred, the answer I received was "we suck at stuff like that". Well. In the first place, I disagree that sucking should be considered a negative, but to each his or her own. In the second place, I have full confidence that we can and will collaborate with other projects in the future. So let's not view this as a setback (even though it is), but rather a challenge to improve (and good Lord, I sound almost Wikipedian!).

Champagne dreams and caviar kisses
Lastly, the holidays are rapidly approaching. Our American cousins are currently getting ready to slaughter masses of poultry in an effort to show their gratitude and generally peaceful demeanor, and those of the Canadian persuasion, trendsetters that they are, celebrated a bit early this year. I'm sure all us foreigners will join together in wishing them all a very happy Thanksgiving on their respective holidays, both already celebrated and forthcoming... though I would hope somebody would enlighten me as to why they don't celebrate it on the same day. I was awake all last night trying to figure that one out. - In the spirit of this peculiarly North American holiday, let me take a moment to thank all of our editors for their contributions to this project. It's people like you who make people like me...well, a "people person"! May all your Wiki days be bright, and may your Love Boat never turn into a Poseidon.
 * }

Kisses,

Miss Julie To stop receiving this newsletter, or to receive it in a different format, please let us know here. If you have any news or any announcements to be broadcast, do let Dev920 know. Delivered on 12:00, 1 November 2007 (UTC).
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LGBT WikiProject Newsletter
Delivered on 20:05, 3 December 2007 (UTC). SatyrBot 20:59, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

LGBT WikiProject Newsletter
Delivered sometime in January 2008 (UTC). SatyrBot (talk) 23:23, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

Notice of Inactivity
In trying to deliver the LGBT Project newsletter, SatyrBot detected a period of three months of inactivity from this account. You have been placed in our "Inactive Members" section. If this has been done in error, please let my bot owner know and change your status in he project. Thanks! SatyrBot (talk) 17:25, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

Wiki Loves Pride!
 You are invited to participate in Wiki Loves Pride!

 * What? Wiki Loves Pride, a campaign to document and photograph LGBT culture and history, including pride events
 * When? June 2015
 * How can you help?
 * 1.) Create or improve LGBT-related articles and showcase the results of your work here
 * 2.) Upload photographs or other media related to LGBT culture and history, including pride events, and add images to relevant Wikipedia articles; feel free to create a subpage with a gallery of your images (see examples from last year)
 * 3.) Contribute to an LGBT-related task force at another Wikimedia project (Wikidata, Wikimedia Commons, Wikivoyage, etc.)

Or, view or update the current list of Tasks. This campaign is supported by the Wikimedia LGBT+ User Group, an officially recognized affiliate of the Wikimedia Foundation. Visit the group's page at Meta-Wiki for more information, or follow Wikimedia LGBT+ on Facebook. Remember, Wiki Loves Pride is about creating and improving LGBT-related content at Wikimedia projects, and content should have a neutral point of view. One does not need to identify as LGBT or any other gender or sexual minority to participate. This campaign is about adding accurate, reliable information to Wikipedia, plain and simple, and all are welcome!

If you have any questions, please leave a message on the campaign's main talk page.

Thanks, and happy editing!

User:Another Believer and User:OR drohowa

Wiki Loves Pride 2016
As a participant of WikiProject LGBT studies, you are invited to participate in the third annual Wiki Loves Pride campaign, which runs through the month of June. The purpose of the campaign is to create and improve content related to LGBT culture and history. How can you help?
 * Create or improve LGBT-related Wikipedia pages and showcase the results of your work here
 * Document local LGBT culture and history by taking pictures at pride events and uploading your images to Wikimedia Commons
 * Contribute to an LGBT-related task force at another Wikimedia project (Wikidata, Wikimedia Commons, Wikivoyage, etc.)

Looking for topics? The Tasks page, which you are welcome to update, offers some ideas and wanted articles.

This campaign is supported by the Wikimedia LGBT+ User Group, an officially recognized affiliate of the Wikimedia Foundation. The group's mission is to develop LGBT-related content across all Wikimedia projects, in all languages. Visit the affiliate's page at Meta-Wiki for more information, or follow Wikimedia LGBT+ on Facebook. Remember, Wiki Loves Pride is about creating and improving LGBT-related content at Wikimedia projects, and content should have a neutral point of view. One does not need to identify as LGBT or any other gender or sexual minority to participate. This campaign is about adding accurate, reliable information to Wikipedia, plain and simple, and all are welcome! If you have any questions, please leave a message on the campaign's talk page.

Thanks, and happy editing! --- Another Believer ( Talk ) 21:19, 30 May 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:ChristopherEdwards


text:
Blond Eskimos

Blonde Eskimos or Blond Eskimos is a term first applied in accounts of sightings of, and encounters with, light-haired Inuit (then known as "Eskimo") peoples of Northern Canada from the early 20th century, particularly around the Coronation Gulf between mainland Canada and Victoria Island. Sightings of light-haired natives of the Arctic have been mentioned in written accounts as far back as the 17th century.

Etymology
Christian Klengenberg is credited with having introduced the term "Blonde Eskimo" to Vilhjalmur Stefansson just before Stefansson's visit to the Inuit inhabiting southwestern Victoria Island, in 1910. Stefansson, however, preferred the term "Copper Inuit". Adolphus Greely first compiled the sightings recorded in earlier literature of blonde or fair-haired Arctic natives, and in 1912 published them in the National Geographic Magazine, in an article entitled "The Origin of Stefansson's Blonde Eskimo". Newspapers subsequently popularised the term "Blonde Eskimo", which caught more readers' attention despite Stefansson's preference for "Copper Inuit". Stefansson later referenced Greely's work in his writings, and the term "Blonde Eskimo" came to be applied to sightings of light-haired Inuit from as early as the 17th century.

Early history of sightings
Greely traced the first sighting of light-haired Arctic natives to 1656 when a Dutch trading vessel travelled west from Greenland across the Davis Strait towards Baffin Island. Nicholas Tunes, the captain of the vessel, claimed to have sighted two distinct races, the first being the brownish-skinned Inuit, but the second being a tall, fair-skinned people. Greely also published the eyewitness account of the Lutheran missionary Hans Egede who wrote in 1721 of a blonde "quite handsome and white" indigenous tribe he had discovered in Greenland.

Later sightings include those made by William Edward Parry, who wrote of native inhabitants across the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Canada, as having physical features of Europeans (e.g. blonde hair and light complexions) and later Captain Wilhelm August Graah of the Royal Danish Navy, who in 1821 reported Inuit he met with "complexions scarcely less fair than that of Danish peasantry". British navy officer John Franklin in 1824 also claimed he had come close in contact and even spoken with a "Blonde Eskimo" who had strong European facial features. Greenlandic polar explorer Knud Rasmussen in 1903 further claimed to have found blonde-haired Eskimos "of a different race" in Greenland and parts of Canada.

Stefansson's speculations
In 1910, Stefansson visited the Copper Inuit inhabiting southwestern Victoria Island and Prince Albert Sound. He described meeting many men whose beards and hair were blonde "who looked like typical Scandinavians". In his book My Life with the Eskimo, Stefansson proposed several explanations for those physical features:

 * Early mixture with Norse colonists from Greenland
 * Mixture with European whalers
 * Ancient migration of European-like people from across the Bering Strait

He rejected the second explanation because there had been contact between whalers and Inuit in Alaska for over 100 years, but there were no blonds there. He also said that the Inuit had had greater contact with whalers in the eastern Arctic and thus should have exhibited a greater degree of blondness but, as in Alaska, there were none in evidence.

Scientific investigation
As early as 1922, anthropologists investigated Stefansson's claims but could not come up with an answer to explain the high amount of blondeness in Copper Inuit inhabiting southwestern Victoria Island.

In 2003, two Icelandic scientists, the geneticists and anthropologists Agnar Helgason and Gísli Pálsson announced the results of their research comparing DNA from 100 Cambridge Bay Inuit with DNA from Icelanders, and concluded that there was no match. In 2008, in an article in Current Anthropology, Palsson concludes that recent work "refutes Stefansson's speculations on the Copper Inuit".

title: Blond Eskimos


text:
Tokubetsu Keisatsutai

The Tokkeitai (特警隊) was the Imperial Japanese Navy's military police, equivalent to the Imperial Japanese Army's Kempeitai.

The original Tokkeitai was known as the General Affairs Section and concerned itself with police and personnel work within the Navy: personnel, discipline and records. It took a more active role, partly to keep the Kempeitai and the Army from meddling in Navy affairs.

It was especially active in the areas of the South Pacific and the Naval Control Area and was as pervasive as the Kempeitai. It had the same commissar roles in relation to exterior enemies or suspicious persons, and it watched inside units for possible defectors or traitors under the security doctrine of Kikosaku.

Attached to navy units, they served as Colonial police in some occupied Pacific areas. Later accusations of war crimes were made against them in that role for such acts as coercion of comfort women from Indonesia, Indochina and China into sexual slavery.

In addition to its police responsibilities, it was the operative branch of the Secret Service Branch of the Imperial Japanese Navy (Information Office (情報局), which was responsible for recovering and analyzing information and for the execution of undercover operations. Its members also provided local security near naval bases. In the final weeks of the Pacific War, it was among the security units prepared for combat against the proposed Allied invasion of Japan.

title: Tokubetsu Keisatsutai


text: User talk:216.56.11.135

title: User talk:216.56.11.135