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User talk:Fadix/archive2

Mr. Coolcat straw poll deleted
My little straw poll was deleted as a personal attack. The next step would be a request for comment. Interested in the idea? — Davenbelle 00:58, Mar 30, 2005 (UTC)

 * Your insistance on removing me from wikipedia instead of discussing is ... intresting ... good luck with that. --Cool Cat My Talk 00:56, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Your goal is not to discuss. You are here at Wikipedia to introduce your POV in every enteries regarding Turkey. Wikipedia is not the place for that, find elsewhere... stop wasting all of our times, in your attemps to sabotate articles. You're nothing else than a troll. Fadix 01:03, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Email
Hi Fadix. Could you please put your email address in to your preferences on this site? Without the ability to email you privately and confidentially, I am unable to reply to your message to my talk page. Alternatively, you can email me at ultrablue@gmail.com and I will reply to you. - Mark 02:38, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Your general aproach to wikipedia
You may have not noticed but wikipedia is more than just armenian genocide, try editing other articles. --Cool Cat My Talk 22:02, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is more than articles relating to Turkey. Was it not for your trolling, by now, I'de participate in many articles. I will be investigating on your new alias, I am convinced both of you are the same person. Fadix 23:02, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Indeed, I help create Ranks and insignia of Starfleet --Cool Cat My Talk 01:27, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I crated Ranks and Insignia of NATO from scratch. Neither are related to just Turkey. --Cool Cat My Talk 01:27, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Bravo! Bravo! Bravo! Now, are you satisfied, you've been bragging that entry of yours in any given occasion. Do you want a gold medal for it? I give you one, so that you can add it in your member page. Fadix 01:34, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I wasnt actualy braging, just pointing out I have done other stuff. There is no such award. You are welcome to check out Barnstars --Cool Cat My Talk 08:21, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Fadix, thanks for your message. I don't think I want to get involved in the Armenian genocide article just now. I have enough difficult articles on my list and it's not a subject I have done much reading on.

Memo Fadix and Coolcat. Everyone at Wikipedia is thoroughly sick of petty Greek v Turkish nationalist feuding. You are nearly as bad as the Poles, and that's saying something. Adam 04:05, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not a Greek but an Armenian. I assume my etnicity, unlike Coolcat. :) Fadix 16:21, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Protection
The whole point of protection is to get it to go away by reaching a concensus/agreement. You can ask if he's willing to tag it with instead, which seems like a good solution (I'd be willing to do that). All he's trying to do is get this dispute resolved. If you're going to report him, that's unlikely to happen. Instead of attacking him for this, try to be constructive and get the article unprotected by proper discussion. If you still want to you can open a admin conduct RfC. - Mgm|(talk) 07:24, Apr 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * The concensus and agreement to be made was on the article that was asked for comment and peer review AND mediation. I wonder how one can get a dispute resolved by locking the article on edits made by a login registered only to edit the article in question. Go read the article, the word Armenian genocide has been replaced by "Armenian relocation" a racist website slandering people was added, and charges and claims that are even not supported from the other side were added. I reported all those things to Tony, he ignored it, he claims that article is better, if this is not offensive, I wonder what it is? How can an admin just lock an article on an edit made by someone being suspected to be Coolcat by many, because all the things he was after, have been realised by such an edit from someone that JUST REGISTERED to make those changes, and that a day after Coolcat has claimed that he know technology and could use another alias without be catched. I don't want to report Tony for his general behavour, I want to report him to get the decision reversed, because he just don't want to hear it, after I have shown him how the edits were just obviously wrong and not only limited to POV but beyond. Fadix 15:05, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Fadix, just so that you are in no doubt, I do not claim that the article currently there is better. Protecting a page does not involve endorsing the current version.  Your accusation that the page was edited by an alleged Coolcat sock is, for the purposes of the page protection, not relevant.  It appears to have been a good faith attempt to improve the article, whoever made it.  It may well be flawed--I can't think of a single Wikipedia article that couldn't use some improvement and even factual correction--but I'm protecting it in an attempt to encourage all involved to discuss the article content instead of attacking one another. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 15:18, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It was NOT good faith attempt, how am I supposed to take that? Someone just register and right away the first thing he does is to edit every points Coolcat wanted. More so, when there are claims that are presented as fact, and not with a neutral point of view by reffering to who says what. The original article was not like that. Your claim that it was in good faith does not hold water. Torque site is claimed to be by Turkish and Western scholars, and when I have justified the justification of the deletion, and torque was not able to say anything about it. The Armenian Genocide entry head title was replaced to "Armenian relocation." Anyone writting such a thing and lying about Torque website as well as a second meating at Vienna, when it was later reported to be just a pathetic lie, won't do it in a good faith. If someone was to do that in an article you've been participating, and an admin was to abuse his powers by locking the article on such a version I wonder what I would have done. If you read the exange with the editor, you'll see that he has never supported his edits... And your new decision of two versions doesn't satify me, because this was a CLEAR mistake you have done, the version of the edit CAN NOT be locked on, it is NOT a valid version, while the genocide theses was presented as a version, the edit present a lie about Armenians massacring Muslims in their villages in 1914, not as a version but as a fact, even though one of the leading figures of the Ottoman Departement II, the same departmenet charge to build anti-Armenian propaganda to justify their decision, has published a booklet admitting that those propagandas were build up to justify the destruction of the Armenians. But of course, it doesn't take a PhD in history or someone knowing the event to know that the way the article was edited WAS NOT good faith. I wonder what people were to do, if I were to change a Toyota cars entry, by reverting the word car with the word ship. Your refusal to correct the situation does not let me any choices Tony, and what I find more disturbing is that you havn't even shown any opening to correct your mistake. Not only the locking of the article was asked by Coolcat, but the locking on his version was asked by him, and now that the article was edited in the version he wanted, you lock it on it. Fadix 19:44, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I asked the article to be locked so that parties be encouraged to discuss it. I was not happy with the version of the article originaly. You should not declare everything the oposition claims as "lies lies lies". I ask you to provide evidence to the material you are adding. --Cool Cat My Talk 22:34, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * A suggestion, take a day of and chill. I know the speed of progress is very disapointing for you. The article will not change as it will stay locked. Just clear your mind for a day. It helped me when I was outraged by the level of reverts I had to deal with. Currently the results are very positive. --Cool Cat My Talk 22:36, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * How unsincere you are. I provided evidences for my article with 160 pages. When I present them, you claim this is not about "proving" anything, and when I present positions view, you want evidences. As for lies, lies and lies from the opposing view. That they were lies or not, I had no problem including them in the section of the Turkish government, and I even included it before you deleted it, because you wanted all the article to be the turkish government point of view. Fadix 22:37, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Personal Attacks
I urge you to STOP your personal attacks directed at me at tony and at anyone else to a complete stop. This is my last attempt to talk to you to comply. I woupld prefer a civil tone. Declaring me of things is agains wikipedia policy. --Cool Cat My Talk 22:30, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Shish, Mr. Coolcat claiming that I am attacking Tony, to make that as if I was attacking many people. Face it Mr. Coolcat, another member in March 29 has again viewed your POV in the ASALA website. Harming Wikipedia IS ALSO against Wikipedia policy. Fadix 22:39, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Drop me a line
Hi Fadix - please drop me an email re: Armeniapedia.org --RaffiKojian 04:23, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi Raffi, I kind of lost your email address... email me at liartracker@yahoo.ca

An Inqury
May I learn about your academic background regarding Armenian genocide and your relation to Turkey? Cezveci 08:22, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Sure, I have studied the subject for over 5 years. Why? Fadix 21:17, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Armenian Genocide

 * What do you want me to do more than this?

As I said when I protected the page, I'd like you all to discuss the article and reach agreement about what the article should contain. This is to ensure that when I do unprotect it you won't all drift back to an edit war. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 11:13, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Do you expect me to reach any agreement with nationalists that are here to dissolve an article just because it indirectly involve Turkey? Again, I have shown you exactly where there has been POV... you don't need to know the subject, reread an compare the tone of those changes with what the article was before it. There is no way to have any agreement with genocide revisionists, it is like trying to agree with Irving, Zundel, Rassinier, Faurisson etc. regarding the Holocaust. I have proposed to have a section for each versions with their critics, and giving as much space for each as it is accepted in the Academic world, they have refused. I proposed and made MANY concessions... not one of them satisified those nationalists... and now you give them satisfaction by locking the article on their POV weeks before the day of the commemoration of the genocide. This is both insulting and irresponsable. I have done everything, asked for a mediation, did any possible concessions as it is humanly possible... the article was asked for comment and perr review, and you come here and lock it on an article edited by an ultra nationalist. Fadix 21:23, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)

FYI
Wikipedia talk:Arbitration Committee --Cool Cat My Talk 00:14, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

deleting criticism
Hi Fadix, User:Coolcat has deleted criticism of himself on Talk:Armenian Genocide; your criticism.

See:

— Davenbelle 12:30, Apr 4, 2005 (UTC)

 * What should be done, do you believe it must be posted at the arbitration talk page? I guess now you see what he don't want others to see, and how he has droped his request there claiming a change of my attitude. He don't want others to know about all the concessions I made, and how he refused them wanting the entire article to represent the Turkish government point of view. Fadix 14:01, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, Tony has condoned it as deleting "sniping and bickering" on my talk page. I don't think it is as simple as that, but I would urge you to keep your posts above that sort of criticism. I would suggest that the discussion not be conducted in terms of national POV; it is not Armenians vs Turks, it about fact vs denial. User:Cookcat has been well advised as to what behaviors are acceptable, thus he skirts criticism of his agenda by being technically in compliance with "the rules". — Davenbelle 14:24, Apr 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * p.s. You may want to visit the Association of Members' Advocates and, well, get one. — Davenbelle

 * Tony as an admin, has locked the genocide entry in modifications made by a new alias that just appeared to make them as Coolcat wanted them. And even after showing him how they were in bad faith, he hasn't done anything at all. Had Tony read that persons post, he'll see that that person call a Turkish human right organization as being racist against their owns, and has even in the article passed Torques site as a one from Western and Turkish scholars. How do you expect me to trust Tony after such an incidences, when he don't even want to correct the situation? Fadix 14:31, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * In his role as an admin, Tony has no authority over content; admins do have authority to act in cases of misbehavior by users. Thus admins react to things like personal attacks and view POV as, well, opinion. All admins are also editors and edit stuff as any user may. Suppose, for example, someone wanted to seek "equal time" for the notion that Poland started WWII by attacking Germany in September, 1939 (The Germans did claim this at the time). It's absurd, of course, but if those denouncing the idea also resort to personal attacks on whomever, they are then open to criticism. And admins, when protecting a page, are authorized to protect on a version that whomever is flaunting the rules the most doesn't like; the point being that it may serve to modify behavior. It may also result in locking an article in a state that is highly inaccurate; thus protection itself is considered harmful. The Genocide Denial POV being pushed here is awful. One consolation you should consider is the fact that long standing controversies like that over Armenian Genocide serve to educate people. I'm sure there are many people right here on Wikipedia that had not heard of this atrocity before this latest round. — Davenbelle 15:12, Apr 4, 2005 (UTC)

 * But Tony doesn't even see Coolcat aim, and don't see Coolcat psychology of changing subject of interests everytime he is accused, to present projects and say: "Looky, I have a project that has nothing to do with Turks." Besides, Tony knows exactly where are the obvious offensing materials in the article he has locked... the guy choses an article by a new aliases just registering for the edit, against a member... he directly offensed me with such a taking of position, regardless of it is said that it is not taking of position, I consider accepted such edits like "Armenian genocide" for "Armenian relocation" weeks before the commemoration day as highly offensive and irresponsable. Tony, took position for Coolcat against many other members. Fadix 16:05, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I do agree with a lot of the criticism of Coolcat's point of view. However, Fadix, you seem to have adopted an attitude that people who go in and alter the article are unwelcome.  I think that's unhealthy, and the atmosphere that has grown up on that article--not all your fault--is not conducive to good editing.  Protecting the article on the twoversions template gives you a chance, if you want to take it, to discuss how the article can be improved so that, without being inaccurate, it is no longer a football to be kicked around as it has been for weeks now. I'm interested in seeing some real debate, not this Armenians vs Turks stuff. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 16:16, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Please read carefully Tony, I will again, explain you, this time by trying to be clearer.

 * Am I rude on members? Possibly. I have never denied it, but when I am respected, I will turn this respect back, when someone treat me well, he is treated well as a result, and this regardless of his position. When I came here, the article was entirely POV, there was hardly anything beside the section about the post genocide evolution of things, that wasn't POV. No one had any problem with that. In fact, I was the one that was the initiator of the Wikipedialization of the article, I don't want to sound arrogant here, but this is true, and I believe that this is so obvious that I don't even need to justify myself regarding why I believe it.

 * Now coming to Coolcat, Coolcat started editing the article without discussing, and then, when I was asked to make concession I have entirely planned to change my article and proposed something that not a single neutral person would refuse. I proposed to present each views and their critics. Western views of the event, its critics, the Turkish government view of the event, and its critics, the international community view, the differences and their critics etc. And I even engaged in that by adding a section regarding the Turkish government version that I was to more work on etc. This, Coolcat has refused, he deleted it, and decided to merge everything. I said to myself, OK! Well, if the other party don't want that, I will try to work as he want it, I then tried in this merging to present who says what, and here again, Coolcat has refused. He wanted to delete informations in what regards the defenders of the different positions, and wanted the Turkish government version and Academics version to be included without saying who says what. When I corrected him, he edited the entry and claimed that one version was supported by Armenia, and the other by Turkey. Which BTW is entirely false. What he fails to understand is that there is a differences between presenting views as they are, and belief of what those views actually are. If I claim that the Turkish government claim A, and that it claims B, this is not only POV, but is beyond POV. As I said, I don't care if the position is not shared by me, I have no problem including it, but who defends that position, why, and the critics by the other positions for each, should fairly by described.

 * I made many concessions and tried to work on the merging and the edits, the reason why the article was not moving is that I find hard to spend hours and hours of my time and documenting, footnoting the materials, when the other party will edit it, and is not ready to make a single concession. Mind you here that the concession has nothing to do with what I disagree on regarding the other position, as I said, I was ready to add it, it was ME, that added the Turkish government section, before Coolcat has deleted it, preferring to get the entire article as what the Turkish government version is. What the other party is not interested in, is to write who believes what, they want to merge every positions and present two positions and suggesting that the two positions are equally valid theses.

 * If you take a look at the edits that you have locked the article on, some are even not supported by the other parties documents, such as a said attack in Muslim villages in 1914 by Armenians. Or that Torques sites claimed to be a Western and Turkish academics website. I have given many examples like that. My problem here with the article is not because it present the other view, but that it does not say who says what, like my version of the article was mentioning... not only does it not say that, but there are some that are just personal lies, like what it is claimed of torque site etc.

 * My patience has limits, I have tried to discuss about the matter, when I was documenting, Coolcat claimed it was not about “proving” but presenting the views, when I was doing just that, he then required “proves” when I decided to prove, he then reverted at his initial claim, and said that it was not about proving etc.

 * What do you expect me to do here? I am facing nationalists that will try to get the article dissolved and do everything to not get a neutral article, they will even modify and reinterpret what the word neutral means. I am at a point, that I just want Coolcat out, he is not ready for any concessions, he is not ready for any discussions, he has no purposes here other than dissolving the article, and those charges against him, I have supported them, I don't believe them to be attacks, but accusations that are grounded. There is no way to discuss with the other party, because the other party is not here to discuss but to impose, and now it seems that I am the one that appears to be the one that want to impose, when me above any other people had made most of the concessions, when the other party has made NONE!!! For those reasons, I believe that Coolcat doesn't own my respect, he is harming Wikipedia. Fadix 16:54, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Summary
Thing is, Fadix, that you came to me March 26th alleging that Coolcat had performed vandalism on the Armenian Genocide article. You told me "I wan't this guy out of the Armenian Genocide section and EVERY entries regarding Armenians" You threatened to go to University history faculties and get a petition to "slap it on his face."

On that day, Coolcat had performed only these edits: which you had just reverted:

 * Changed "related deaths among the Armenians" to "related deaths of Armenians"
 * Changed "and causes such as famine and disease," to "along with famine and disease"
 * Removed "The statistics regarding how many Armenians perished varies and there are no official numbers, but most Western sources advance a million and over."
 * Changed "What is refered as the Armenian Genocide is the second most studied cases of what is called genocide and is often compared with the Holocaust" to "What is referred to as the Armenian Genocide is the second most studied cases of what is called genocide and often draws comparison with the Holocaust."
 * Changed section heading "Armenians in Anatolia" to "Armenians in Anatolia"
 * Changed "conflict with the central authority. This" to "conflict with the central authority—this "
 * Changed "of Armenians in the west. Most of these lived" to " of Armenians in the west, most of whom lived"
 * Changed "to this day, as it was the communities in Eastern Anatolia that suffered the most heavy fatalities." to "to this day. The communities in Eastern Anatolia suffered the heaviest fatalities."
 * Changed the paragraph:
 * "Before World War I the Ottoman Empire came under the government of the Young Turks. At first some Armenian political organizations supported the Young Turks in hopes that there would be a real change from a variety of Abdul Hamid's policies towards the General and Armenian population. There were even Armenians elected to the Ottoman Parliament, where some remained throughout World War I."
 * to
 * "Before World War I, the Ottoman Empire came under the government of the Young Turks. At first some Armenian political organizations supported the Young Turks, in hopes that there would be a significant change due to a variety of Abdul Hamid's policies towards the general and Armenian population. In this respect, many Armenians were elected to the Ottoman Parliament, where some remained throughout World War I."
 * Changed "Late in 1914, the Armenians were accused of treachery and siding with the Russians, and plans for a forcible evacuation from the front to what today is Syria was made." to " Late in 1914, the Armenians were accused of treachery and siding with the Russians, and plans for a forcible evacuation from the front to what is today Syria were made."
 * Changed "what today is Syria" to "what is today Syria"
 * Changed "fatalities are disputed. The numbers range from 200,000 to 1.8 million as mentioned earlier. The official German and Austrian documents record that the total may be over a million" to "fatalities are disputed; the numbers range from 200,000 to 1.8 million, as aforementioned. Official German and Austrian documents record that the total may be over a million"
 * Changed "most Western scholars accept the million or over contention." to "most Western scholars accept the contention that one million or more died."
 * Changed "and claim that" to "claiming that"
 * Changed "The majority of of the camps were situated mostly near the Iraqi and Syrian frontiers, and some was only temporary transit camps. Other camps were only used as temporary mass burial zones, like those of Radjo, Katma, and Azaz that were closed in Fall 1915." to "The majority of the camps were situated near the Iraqi and Syrian frontiers, and some were only temporary transit camps. Other camps were only used as temporary mass burial zones—such as Radjo, Katma, and Azaz—that were closed in Fall 1915."
 * Changed the paragraph:
 * "Even though nearly all the camps (all major ones were) were open air, according to records, some were not. Other camps existed, accoding to the Military court, there where irregular Red Crescent camps that were used to kill by morphine injection, (two of Saib (Health inspector) colleagues, Drs. Ragib and Vehib testified during the court) and where the bodies were thrown into the Black sea. In other instances, according to records, there were some small-scale killing and burning camps, where the Armenian population was told to present itself in a given area, and burned en mass. Other records from the Military tribunal, suggest gassing installations existed as well. For instance, during the Military tribunal, testimonies in the effect that Dr. Saib and Nail, an Ittihadist deputy, were heading two school buildings used as child extermination camps. Both Saib and Nail were allegedly in charge of providing the list of children who were to be distributed among the Muslim populace; the rest of the children were to be sent to the mezzanine floor to be killed by a mass gassing installation. The Children were sent there under the pretext to take baths, but were poisoned instead."
 * to
 * "Even though nearly all the camps, including all the major ones, were open air, according to records, some were not. Other camps existed, according to the military court, that were irregular Red Crescent camps used to kill by morphine injection (two Saib (health inspector) colleagues, Dr. Ragib and Dr. Vehib, testified during the court) and from which bodies were thrown into the Black Sea. In other instances, according to records, there were some small-scale killing and burning camps where the Armenian population was told to present itself in a given area, and was subsequently burned en mass. Other records from the military tribunal suggest that gassing installations existed as well. Other tribunal testimonies put forth that Dr. Saib and Nail, an Ittihadist deputy, were heading two school buildings used as extermination camps for children. Both Saib and Nail were allegedly in charge of providing the list of children who were to be distributed among the Muslim populace; the rest of the children were to be sent to the mezzanine floor to be killed by a mass gassing installation. The children were sent there under the pretext of taking baths but were poisoned instead."
 * Changed the section heading "The Special organization (Teshkilati Mahsusa)" to "The special organization (Teshkilati Mahsusa)"
 * Changed the References section to use the "Book reference" template.

Examining the changes made and your reaction to them, I formulate the opinion that you were crying "wolf!"

You again reverted some Coolcat edits on 31 March, referring to those as "vandalism".

Another user (which you allege was a Coolcat sock) made some edits which you then reverted.

It was at this stage that I observed a pattern of obstructiveness and false claims of vandalism. Such behavior is contrary to the Wikipedia guidelines and policy. To give you (and others) the opportunity to discuss changes to the article properly and stop making emotive accusations and edit warring like this, I restored the last edit that you had reverted, and protected the article. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 17:38, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Rebuttal

 * March 26th was few days ago, and this was a continuation of his policy of merging materials. The vandalism in question was the merging two paragraphs, in his attempt to merge under the banner of correcting and editing, from which many edits were just not needed. He used the same trick at Armenia entry, under the pretext of “correcting grammar” and other such entries. That you don't see this trick of his is amazing. Besides, I think you have misunderstood my “threat.” Had you followed this cases closely, you'll understand that the petition was in reference to his denial that most Academics recognize the genocide. The “slap” in his face was just about that, to show him, that in the Academic world, it is really “most” when he deny it, after that he has claimed that publications are not evidences, which of course is ridiculous. Fadix 17:52, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * As for the other user, I have clearly shown how the article was vandalized, there is no such thing as Jurispurdences when the Jursiprudences is till under debate. This means you can not use one cases, without paying closer attention to it, and suppose that my claims of vandalism is not supported, without even bothering to check what I have asked you to check. You just have used Coolcat arguments and repeated them here. Fadix 18:05, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Query
Well you say it's amazing that I "don't see the trick of this". Perhaps it's rather subtle. Could you show me which two paragraphs are merged and why this changes the meaning so radically as to merit the name "vandalism"?

Could you also clarify which section you're referring to when you say "there is no such thing as Jurispurdences when the Jursiprudences is till under debate." I've looked in the article for the word jurisprudence and I don't see it.

And be careful, there, you seem to be accusing me of bad faith, as you have previously accused Cool Cat. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 18:14, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Camps
The camps section, those cuts were done to add more materials, he has merged it and packed them. To make such changes, they must be based on valid reasons, not personal tastes... many of those changes did not need to be made, they were made, like others(including Armenia entry) after Coolcat was accused to edit articles he did not like. He just made them to claim making grammar changes. Besides, I was not the only reverting such changes he claimed to be only grammar, he did that in other articles about the same time. He is just trying to officialize the article to claim having worked on it with irrelevant changes.

Jurisprudence
Coming to Jurisprudence. My uses of the word has nothing to do with the article, but your uses of my charges against Coolcat to judge my further claim of vandalism against the new member.

Cezveci edits
Again, it seem that you are missing the entire point. Let me clarify yet again for you.

Armenian genocide REPLACED WITH Armenian relocation. He replaced what the name of the article is about with such a term. This IS vandalism.

“Following Ottoman Empire's entry in WWI, the Imperial Russia has invaded Eastern Anatolia, where the Armenian and Muslim communities were interleaved.” This is recorded inaccurate information, soon during the War the Ottoman Empire tried to invade and was defeated in December 1914-January 1915. Not only this information is POV, but it is even presented no0t as a position, but as a historical truth.

“Taking advantage of common religion and recent discomfort of the Armenian community in Ottoman Empire, Russia was promoting Armenian nationalism and there were many Russian-Armenians in the Russian army. Late in 1914, Russian supported and tranied Armenian militia started treachery and attacking on muslim villages.” There was no such thing as an Armenian attack of Muslim villages in 1914. Not only does he do it in a POV way, but he does present it as fact.

He added “Eastern front” for the Armenian population movement, as to claim that only these Armenians were moved, when this claim is even not supported by Turkish materials. Not only does he do it in a POV way, but present it as fact.

“There are a number of Turkish scholars who support the theses of genocide, including Taner Akçam and Halil Berktay. Despite being protested strongly by some Turkish nationalists, these scholars freely express and publish their opinions in Turkey.” This was an edit in reference to the Turkish new penal code, that makes it possible to condemn someone to 10 years of prison, who support the theses of genocide. While I refer to that, Mr. New aliases delete it and makes a POV presented as fact.

“However, the Armenian propagandists falsely claim that confirming the so-called genocide is a crime subject to imprisonment in Turkey. Orhan Pamuk, a famous Turkish novelist, has also recently told the press that he believes that a million Armenians were killed in Turkey.” Not only does he ad “so-called” before the word genocide, but he even makes statement to “Armenian propagandist” which is simply untrue and offensing.

He replaces the “Turkish” government, for “Ottoman” government, when the treatment is about the current theses of the Turkish government.

He adds Torques website and claim it to be a site from “A site by some Turkish and American scholars.” When I have in countless occasions justified the deleting of that site. And he add another site, which present the same materials as another link that is already there.

He adds: “1975: ASALA, a terrorist group that claimed recognition of genocide by Turkish government, was founded. Backed by some western countries, the group has killed several civilians and Turkish diplomats in various bombings and assasinations until the early 80's.” The way it is worded make it seem, rightly as something that is unrelated with the article.

“March 1, 2005: Two Armenian historians withdrew from the second Vienna Armenian-Turkish Platform meeting to be held in May, which was arranged for document exchange between Turkish and Armenian historians.” This information has been known to be a complete fabrication, the historians that have allegedly redrawn, have testified, that they have never engaged in those meetings in the first place, and that there was no first meeting as claimed. Halacoglu lied about Akcam refusing, and I was there during a Symposium, when Akcam said exactly what happened and what was his real answer.

“March, 2005: Poltical parties in Turkey came togerther made a declaration to invite Armenia to bring together a committee of historians from both sides to clarify the historical accounts in cooperation. The Armenian foreign minister rejected the invitation immediately, stating that "the genocide is a matter of politics, not history".” This information is not accurate, the Armenian foreign minister has never made such remarks, this add-on, actually has no place here.

Conclusion
As one can realize, my claims of vandalism against this member, that BTW modified it the way Coolcat wanted it, is supported, while I have reported this to you, you have positioned in favor of Coolcat and even going as far as accusing me.

Perhaps, shall I go before the dates which you report and start showing the other attempts of coolcat? Fadix 19:25, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Response to explanation
I hope this is okay. I added some section headers to try and organize things a bit. If they get in the way please remove them.

On the camps section, you say " those cuts were done to add more materials, he has merged it and packed them." But in the camps section all he did was correct some spelling and grammar! He fixed wikilinks so they worked. He made sentences of indifferent English into good English.

You have a point on the "jurisprudence" section. Having seen incomprehensible, unsupported charges of vandalism from you I *am* predisposed to ignore your claims of vandalism without some pretty good evidence.

We've been through the Cezveci edits and I think you're right, it's not a good version. But I didn't protect the article because I thought you were destroying good edits, but I knew that you already had gotten into that bad habit and that you appeared to be reckless about doing so.

I don't see much point in discussing Coolcat's alleged wrongdoings since you still seem to think that you did nothing wrong on your revert of 26th March.

Now I think we're pretty close to having a good consensus that Coolcat won't be able to make out that there's a debate about whether mass murder occurred. A number of people have weighed in and Coolcat hasn't really rebutted them. I've had to remove a *lot* of nonsense concerned with attacking Coolcat in order to get down to that point. Please try to bring the discussion to a reasonable conclusion and suggest a form of words such as "all/the vast majority of scholars are agreed that hundreds of thousands, probably around a million, Armenians were killed as a result of these relocations and there is no room for doubt that these deaths were foreseeable and preventable, and therefore deliberate." All Coolcat can then do, I guess, is a bit of handwaving, and he'll be unlikely to find many supporters unless he does come up with new, verifiable facts that neither you nor I know about yet. At that point you'll basically have a consensus that for a form of the article that cannot leave the reader in any doubt. At which point, the purpose of the protection having been served, the article will be made editable again. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 23:53, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Tony, my problem with Coolcat edit was not about the correction of the grammar, but rather the changes of wordings in many cases, when they were not needed, and above all, in the Camp section, merging paragraphs, when I separated them on purposes. If you follow the history of his edits, you'll see that he has done nothing to kill this suspicion I got against him, but only then, this time he has claimed a grammar edit. I may have overreacted about that, but I was preparing materials for the camp section, and those divisions of paragraphs were there on purposes to be clarified and added more, when I came in, I saw Coolcat having again merged those paragraphs and I was really furious, because he did again a change that had more to do with taste than purposes, while he started at the same time editing other entries to show himself as someone that would as well do “grammar corrections.”

 * As for Coolcat, believe me, I've been dealing with revisionists for years, they will never accept, more nationalists will come in, and it will only be a start again of what they consider a ball game. There is no way to get a consensus, and my suspicion is by experience, how much evidences I will be presenting, nothing will convince them, never will they accept it. And here was why I was quick asking for mediation, because I though it was the only way. My proposition still stick, and I believe it is the only way to write the article. Present what Western historians believe, why, and the critics, what the Turkish government believe, why, and its critics etc. important elements, and their critics, if there is any. But this has not satisfied them. But I still believe this is the only way to get the majority to agree on, and since Coolcat do not agree on this, I wonder how he can ever participate in such discussions. As of late, after being shown that most historians recognize it, and according to what he wrote, seems he accepted it, now he claims that he does not want historians as evidences but archival records, like if historians write their works based on nothing. Fadix 00:18, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fadix/archive2


text: User talk:69.158.105.181

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:69.158.105.181


text:
Mousse (disambiguation)

Mousse is a form of creamy dessert typically made from egg and cream.

Mousse may also refer to:
 * Hair mousse
 * Mousse, a character from the Ranma ½ series
 * Tire mousse, a flexible foam ring that replaces or complements the inner tube of a tire
 * Moussé, a commune in the French department of Ille-et-Vilaine
 * Mousse T., a German DJ and record producer of Turkish origin

title: Mousse (disambiguation)


text: User talk:69.219.158.122

title: User talk:69.219.158.122


text:
Hovhannes Shiraz

Hovhannes Shiraz (Հովհաննես Շիրազ) (April 27, 1914 – March 24, 1984) was an Armenian poet.

Biography
Shiraz was born Onik Tadevosi Karapetyan in the city of Alexandropol, then part of the Russian Empire (now Gyumri, Armenia). His mother, Astghik, was widowed by the Armenian genocide shortly before his birth. Shiraz grew up in considerable poverty. His first work called Beginning of Spring was published in 1935. Novelist Atrpet gave the talented poet the epithet "Shiraz", because "this youth's poems have the fragrance of roses, fresh and covered with dew, like the roses of Shiraz" (Shiraz being one of Iran's major cities, famous for its roses and poets). Another version of his pen name is "Shirak azn"—a child of Shirak, the region he was from.

In 1937 Hovhannes Shiraz entered the Armenian Literature Department of Yerevan's State University, where he studied until 1941. He also studied at the Moscow Maxim Gorky Literature Institute. In 1958, he published the first volume of his anthology Knar Hayastani (Lyre of Armenia). The second and third volumes were published in 1965 and 1974. These collections include the best examples of Shiraz's poetry. Shiraz mostly wrote and published poetry. He is an author of very popular patriotic and love poems included "Ani", "My Mother", "May my love remain a secret", "Siamanto and Khjezare", "Expromptu", "Like the Pagan Love", "My Holy Homeland", "The Fate of Armenians", "To Andranik", etc. He wrote "The Armenian Dante-esque" about the Armenian genocide, a subject that was banned in Soviet Union. The first version of this masterpiece was written in 1941. Only short passages from this work were published in Soviet Armenia during his lifetime, and some chapters were published in Beirut and Tehran. The entire poem (over 8000 lines) was published in 1990 in Yerevan.

He first married famous Armenian poet Silva Kaputikyan. His son with Kaputikyan, Ara Shiraz, was a sculptor. Shiraz had seven children with his second wife, Shushanik Shiraz (Aristakesyan), one of whom was Sipan Shiraz, a poet.

He was buried at Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan, along with other distinguished Armenians.

Yerevan school #169 and a street in Julfa, Isfahan are named after him. The Hovhannes Shiraz House-Museum is located in a nineteenth-century building in Gyumri.

In 2014, the Central Bank of Armenia issued a 10000 dram silver commemorative coin dedicated to the centenary of Hovhannes Shiraz’s birthday.

Personality
Shiraz was known for his good sense of humour. In 1963 John Steinbeck visited poet's apartment in Yerevan, and then wrote in a letter: "...men are closest together when they laugh together. And I remember that in Yerevan we laughed together a great deal."

Yevgeny Yevtushenko and Alexander Gitovich dedicated poems to Shiraz.

Shiraz was an anti-establishment poet who was very popular with the people of Soviet Armenia but fought against its corrupt Soviet leadership all his life. When in 1974 the known critic Suren Aghababyan brought to Shiraz the news about awarding of the Order of Lenin, his answer followed: "And what they [the Soviet government] want in exchange? To buy my silence?"

Poetry
Shiraz is an author of about forty poetry books and translations. His rich vocabulary and sensitive style, enhanced by folk and colloquial elements, made his poetry one of the highest achievements of Armenian literature. Critics consider many of his works masterpieces. According to Paruyr Sevak, "The modern Armenian poetry has risen on the ridge of Shiraz". "Shiraz is a great talent, we should be proud and consider as a great honor that we personally know him", wrote William Saroyan. Shiraz built his poems with Armenian "tuff of emotions", added Yevgeny Yevtushenko.

 In my dreams my door was knocked at, "Who is it?" I asked from inside. Some elderly lady from the outside Answered and said, "I'd sacrifice myself for you."

"I've come to ask for a piece of bread as charity I'm a poor orphan woman with no one to support me." At this point I opened my door immediately, Only to find a miracle; it was my deceased mother indeed!

I was shocked but fell into her arms; And my mother said, "It's me, it's me, I've come to try you and to check on you. I hope life hasn't changed your spirit and also you?!"

I came in the form of a beggar So that the whole world can be a witness To see if your conscience, my dear son, If your conscience also died along with me?!" (Translated from Armenian by Daniel Janoyan)

Poems of Shiraz are known throughout the former USSR (his works were translated by Arseny Tarkovsky and Nikolay Aseev) and abroad. As Andrey Dementyev writes, Hovhannes Shiraz, like Sergey Yesenin, uses many metaphors, so it's very hard to translate his poems.

During a meeting with Soviet writers, to demonstrate what kind of poetry he liked best, Hindi writer Bhisham Sahni, showed a journal containing poems by Hovhannes Shiraz.

House-Museum
The Hovhannes Shiraz House-Museum is located on Varpetats Street, Gyumri. The house was presented to Shiraz by Soviet Armenian officials in July 1983. The house was built in 1886 and belonged to a millionaire. During the Soviet Union it was used as a storehouse. Due to the 1988 Armenian earthquake, the museum's refurbishment was interrupted, and 8 homeless families found shelter in the house. In 2003 it became a house-museum by the resolution of the Armenian government.

Selected bibliography
Hovhannes SHIRAZ film GYUMRI rejisor Levon Mkrtchyan.jpg directing "Hovhannes Shiraz: A Documentary", 1983
 * Beginning of Spring, 1935
 * Song of Armenia, 1940
 * The voice of poet, 1942
 * A book of songs, 1942
 * Biblian, 1944
 * Lyre of Armenia, three volumes, 1958, 1965 and 1974
 * A monument to my Mother, 1968
 * Peace to everybody, 1982

]]

Filmography

 * "On the Path to Eternity", Armenfilm, 1983, 35mm, director Levon Mkrtchyan, composer Sarkis Aladjadjyan
 * "Hovhannes Shiraz: A Documentary", 2005, director Levon Mkrtchyan

title: Hovhannes Shiraz


text:
Kurt Schmoke

Kurt Lidell Schmoke (born December 1, 1949) is an American politician and lawyer who was the 47th mayor of Baltimore, Maryland, from 1987 to 1999, the first African American to be elected to the post. He is a former dean of the Howard University School of Law and, on July 7, 2014, he was appointed as president of the University of Baltimore.

Early life and education
Schmoke was born and raised in Baltimore to Murray Schmoke, a civilian chemist for the US Army, and Irene B. Reid, a social worker. He attended the public schools of Baltimore.

Schmoke attended the Baltimore City College, the third oldest high school in the United States, and graduated in 1967. Schmoke excelled in both football and lacrosse and he was a star quarterback. As the varsity quarterback, he led the City Knights to two undefeated seasons and successive Maryland Scholastic Association A-conference championships in 1965 and 1966.

As a student, Schmoke was a member of the Baltimore City College "A-course", a college preparatory curriculum that required him to take Latin and other advanced studies not offered to the average Baltimore high school student. Schmoke was elected president of the school's student government in his senior year but also worked in the Baltimore community with disadvantaged youth. Compulsory community service had not yet been mandated for Baltimore high school students, yet he tutored and mentored young men from the inner city as a member of the Lancers Boys Club.

Schmoke entered Yale College in the fall of 1967. He played quarterback on the freshman team that year. Schmoke played in one of college football's most famous games in 1968. Harvard and Yale battled to a 29-29 tie in a battle of unbeaten teams. While at Yale, Schmoke and his classmates started a day care center on campus for the children of the university's janitors and cafeteria workers who lived in New Haven. The center was named after Calvin Hill, a former Yale football star who became a star running back for the Dallas Cowboys, and it still stands today.

Schmoke has been acknowledged as the undergraduate student leader who helped quell the possibility of riot on the Yale campus in the wake of the New Haven Black Panther trials in the spring of 1970. As New Haven filled with radical protesters, Yale students demanded the suspension of classes. A bitterly divided faculty met to discuss strategy, and invited a student leader to address the gathering. Schmoke, who was Secretary of the Class of 1971 and a leader of the Black Student Alliance at Yale, was selected to represent the students. He spoke only a few sentences: "The students on this campus are confused, they're frightened. They don't know what to think. You are older than we are, and are more experienced. We want guidance from you, moral leadership. On behalf of my fellow students, I beg you to give it to us." This moment is credited with helping to dispel the growing tensions: the university voted to bend its rules, making classes "voluntarily optional" to the end of the term, and despite small outbreaks of violence, no campus-wide unrest resulted.

After graduating from Yale with a degree in history in 1971, Schmoke studied social anthropology as a Rhodes Scholar at Balliol College, Oxford, and graduated from Harvard Law School in 1976.

Schmoke was selected with five other distinguished former collegiate student-athletes for a Silver Anniversary Award by the NCAA in 1996.

Career
After graduating from Harvard Law School, Schmoke joined the Baltimore law firm of Piper and Marbury. In 1977, he was selected to be part of the White House Domestic Policy Staff during the Carter Administration to work in the Department of Transportation. After one year working in President Carter's administration, Schmoke returned to Baltimore as the Assistant United States Attorney, a position he held from 1978 to 1981.

Elected office
In 1982, Schmoke ran for his first elected office. He challenged incumbent Baltimore City State's Attorney William A. Swisher in a citywide contest. Schmoke ran an energetic, grassroots and race-neutral campaign and upset Swisher in a landslide.

On November 3, 1987, he was elected mayor of Baltimore. As mayor, he became known for his opposition to the "War on Drugs" and his stance in favor of drug decriminalization. He made his position on drug decriminalization known during a speech at the U.S. Conference of Mayors. Schmoke rewrote his speech the night before the conference, adding a harsh criticism of drug criminalization without showing his staff or the organizers of the conference. After newspapers published accounts of the speech, Schmoke faced widespread, bipartisan condemnation. Baltimore's two congressmen came out against Schmoke's idea of decriminalization, as well as Reagan administration officials. One of his most notable critics was Democratic Congressman Charles Rangel, who called Schmoke "the most dangerous man in America."

Schmoke initiated programs in housing, education, public health and economic development.

In 1992, President George H. W. Bush awarded him the National Literacy Award for his efforts to promote adult literacy and, in 1994, President Bill Clinton cited Baltimore's programs to improve public housing and enhance community economic development and named Baltimore one of six cities to receive Empowerment Zone designation. In 1995, Schmoke spoke at the Million Man March. In 1997, Schmoke was a committee member for the Rudy Bruner Award for Urban Excellence. After serving three terms as city mayor, Schmoke opted not to run for reelection in 1999.

Advocacy of school choice and school vouchers
In 1999, Schmoke delivered some remarks on the subject of school choice and school vouchers at a Manhattan Institute luncheon in New York. An edited version of a transcript of that speech entitled, "Why School Vouchers Can Help Inner-City Children", is available online and in that brief web page, Schmoke explains why he believes [that] school choice and vouchers will improve the quality of public education for America's youth, particularly inner-city minority children. Schmoke first spoke in support of school choice in a speech at Johns Hopkins University in March 1996.

Life after politics
After leaving office in December 1999, Schmoke practiced law at the firm of Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering in Baltimore. In 2003, Schmoke was appointed the dean of the Howard University School of Law in Washington, D.C. In 2004, Schmoke was appointed an honorary fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. He is also on the board of Global Rights, and a member of the Christian and Missionary Alliance. In 2008, Schmoke delivered the keynote lecture, "A New Hundred Years War? The Compelling Need to Reform National Drug Control Policy" for the Edward Bouchet Conference on Diversity in Graduate Education at Yale University.

He also appeared in two 2004 episodes of the acclaimed HBO series The Wire. The episodes, entitled "Middle Ground" and "Mission Accomplished", featured Schmoke in a bit part as a health commissioner. He acts as an advisor to the fictional mayor after a rogue police major has legalized drugs in a portion of the city. This is a reference to his own feelings on the drug war.

In July 2008, Schmoke became the acting senior vice president for academic affairs at Howard University. Schmoke continued as dean of the Howard University School of Law. He also taught election law as a seminar class every fall semester to third-year law students.

In January 2009, Schmoke was seen holding an umbrella for Illinois Senate designee Roland Burris during an outdoor press conference concerning Burris' seating controversy. Schmoke was part of the legal team advising Burris during the controversy. Schmoke was appointed vice president and general counsel of Howard University in July 2012. On May 14, 2014, the University of Baltimore announced that Schmoke would become its new president. On September 8, 2017, President Schmoke made the decision to have Department of Education Secretary Betsy DeVos as the Fall 2017 commencement speaker.

In January 2024, John P. Angelos reached a $1.725 billion deal to sell the Baltimore Orioles to a group led by David Rubenstein. The group included Schmoke, Cal Ripken, New York investment manager Michael Arougheti, businessman Michael Bloomberg and NBA hall of famer Grant Hill.

title: Kurt Schmoke


text:
Puffed rice

Puffed rice and popped rice (or pop rice) are types of puffed grain made from rice commonly eaten in the traditional cuisines of Southeast Asia, East Asia, and South Asia. It has also been produced commercially in the West since 1904 and is popular in breakfast cereals and other snack foods.

Traditional methods to puff or pop rice include frying in oil or salt. Western commercial puffed rice is usually made by heating rice kernels under high pressure in the presence of steam, though the method of manufacture varies widely. They are either eaten as loose grains or made into puffed rice cakes.

Description
While the terms "puffed rice" and "popped rice" are used interchangeably, they are properly different processes. Puffed rice refers to pre-gelatinized rice grains (either by being parboiled, boiled, or soaked) that are puffed by the rapid expansion of steam upon cooking. Puffed rice retains the shape of the rice grain, but is much larger. Popped rice, on the other hand, refers to rice grains where the hull or the bran is intact. When cooked, the kernel explodes through the hard outer covering due to heating. Popped rice has an irregular shape similar to popcorn. There are various methods, both modern and traditional, for making puffed and popped rice.

East Asia
Puffed rice or other grains are occasionally found as street food in China (called "mixiang" 米香), Taiwan (called "bí-phang" 米芳), Korea (called "ppeong twigi" 뻥튀기), and Japan (called "pon gashi" ポン菓子), where hawkers implement the puffing process using an integrated pushcart/puffer featuring a rotating steel pressure chamber heated over an open flame. The great booming sound produced by the release of pressure serves as advertising.

Mainland China
The earliest mention of puffed rice in Mainland China is in Zhejiang Province, from a book by Fan Chengda written in the Song dynasty (c. 1100). It was part of the rituals of the Spring Festival and was made in large cooking pots known as fǔ (釜) which was heated with woodfire. Puffed rice, known as bào chǎo mǐ huā lou (爆炒米花), is still a traditional street food in Shanghai where it is made by frying rice in oil and sugar.

Japan
Traditional puffed rice cakes in Japanese cuisine are known as kaminari-okoshi (雷粔籹) 'thunder cakes' or simply okoshi (おこし). In Edo Japan, the name okoshi was related to good luck, as the similar word okosu means to establish or set up. It is made by deep-frying sun-dried rice grains until they pop. It is then mixed with syrup (and other ingredients like peanuts or sesame seeds), pressed into trays, and dried. They are cut up into squarish or rectangular blocks before being sold. Traditional okoshi boxes feature images of Raijin, the Japanese god of thunder and lightning. Its earliest attestation was during the middle of the Edo period, when it was sold as a snack outside the Sensō-ji of Asakusa, Tokyo. Modern okoshi can use a variety of other ingredients and flavors and are usually factory-made.

Another type of Japanese puffed rice snack is ninjin (にんじん), which are loose puffed rice grains. Its name literally means "carrot" because it is sold in a carrot-shaped cone.

Puffed rice is also used in genmaicha (玄米茶), "brown rice tea", a traditional Japanese tea beverage consisting of green tea mixed with roasted puffed brown rice.

Taiwan
In Taiwan, puffed rice is known as Bí-phang or pōng-bí-phang (磅米芳, the word "pōng" is the sound of the explosion when the pressure furnace is opened) in Taiwanese and Mi-hsiang (米香) in Mandarin.

Korea
In Korea, puffed rice is known as twibap (튀밥) and is used to make yeot-gangjeong or to coat gangjeong.

Korea also has a tea beverage made with puffed rice called hyeonmi-nokcha (현미녹차, literally "brown rice green tea"), which is made with green tea and roasted puffed brown rice.

Philippines
In Filipino cuisine, traditional puffed rice is known as ampaw or ampao (a term which also became applied to popcorn). It is made with cooked white rice (usually leftovers). It is dried in the sun for around four hours. They are then fried in hot oil to make them puff up. The oil is drained thoroughly after frying. The sugar glazing is cooked separately using muscovado sugar or molasses (or corn syrup), salt, butter, and vinegar or calamansi juice. The glazing is poured onto the puffed rice and mixed until the grains are evenly coated. It is then allowed to cool and shaped into the desired form before it fully hardens. They are usually cut into square or rectangular blocks or molded into balls.

Thailand
In Thai cuisine, a traditional popped rice snack is krayasaat (กระยาสารท). It is associated with the Buddhist Saat festival, which is celebrated in autumn. It can be made with regular rice or glutinous rice. It is roasted directly in a dry pan like popcorn until it pops. It is mixed with caramelized palm sugar, coconut milk, peanuts, sesame seeds, and khao mao (pounded green rice).

Malaysia
In Malay cuisine, traditional puffed rice is known as bepang pulut especially in Terengganu state. Glutinous rice is dried under sunlight and cooked with palm sugar. It is different from regular bepang which uses ground nuts instead of glutinous rice. Bepang pulut is famous as a gift from the host to guests at a wedding ceremony.

Nepal
Puffed Rice is a popular snack in Nepal which is known as "Bhuja"-भुजा. It is used in a wide variety of recipes from simply eating it directly to making other dishes. Some people also refer to rice as bhuja which can be a little confusing.

India
In India, puffed rice is known as many regional names, which include murmura in Hindi (मुरमुरा), pura in Punjabi (ਪੁੜਾ), mamra in Gujrati (મમરા), kurmura in Marathi (कुरमुरा), charmbura in Konkani (चर्मबुरा), muri in Bangla (মুড়ি), mudhi in Odia (ମୁଢ଼ି), muri in Assamese (মুৰি), pori in Tamizh (போரி), pori in Malayalam (പൊരി), mandakki in Kannada (ಮಂಡಕ್ಕಿ), kurlari in Tulu (ಕುರ್ಲರಿ), borugulu in Telugu (బొరుగులు). It is a staple food in Odisha,West Bengal,Andhra Pradesh,Telangana.

It has been made since ancient times using a technique called hot salt frying in which parboiled rice (i.e. steamed and then dried) is puffed by preheated salt. Salt is heated in a pan until it is hot enough to pop rice added to it within seconds. Parboiled or dried pre-cooked rice is added to the heated contents of the pan and stirred. Puffing starts almost immediately and completes in less than a minute and the rice is scooped out by a sieve.

Puffed rice is an ingredient of bhel puri, a popular Indian chaat (snack). It is offered to Hindu gods and goddesses in all pujas in the southern Indian states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Pilgrims of Sabarimala often pack puffed rice in their travel pouch along with jaggery meant to be offered to Ayyappan. Pori has been mentioned in various Tamil texts as an offering to Hindu deities. Offerings of pori and jaggery made to Ganesha are mentioned in the Tiruppukal, a 15th-century anthology of Tamil religious songs, written by Tamil poet Arunagirinathar. In Gujarati cuisine it is called 'mamra' and is often used to make a dry snack by shallow frying in oil with spices or made into sweet balls using jaggery and ghee.

In Telangana, as a snack typically given to children, puffed rice or borugulu is made into a ball with jaggery sugar syrup or bellam pakam.

In Karnataka, puffed rice is mixed with carrots, tomatoes, spices and coriander leaves to make churumuri, a popular evening snack.

Under the initiative of Make in India, the Central Government of India decided that mudhi from Odisha would be part of Indian traditional food among 12 traditional dishes from different states that would be launched globally.

In Mithila and Bengal area, puffed rice is had with "kachari"-fried potato/onion chops, fried fish or with mutton curry. "Jhal-muri" and "Murhi-Bhuja" are also very popular snacks in this area. In Madhya Pradesh, this is referred to as Parmal and it is very often eaten with Sev as a snack and also used in Bhel. In some areas it is also known as laai and dishes made from it are called sweet laai, laai poha etc.

Bangladesh
Puffed Rice called Muri in Bengali is a popular snack in Bangladesh. Mostly used to make Jhalmuri, it is the most common and cheapest snack in Bangladesh. They use the same ancient method as India to prepare the puffed rice. This snack can be found anywhere in Bangladesh. In Old Dhaka, the jhalmuri -wala (Jhalmuri-seller) is still often seen dressed in colourful clothes, wearing anklet bells and calling out to the residents. Puffed rice is also mixed with jaggery and shaped into a rounded ball snack called murir moa.

Czech Republic and Slovakia
In 1960s Czechoslovakia, state firm Vitana was the first to begin the production of 'expanded rice', as plain flavoured or sweetened snack. The product became popular under the names burizony (burisony) or arizonky. These continue to be produced to this day in Pardubice or Sereď.

Puffed rice cereal
Puffed rice is formed by the reaction of both starch and moisture when heated within the shell of the grain. Unlike corn, rice kernels are naturally lacking in moisture and must first be conditioned with steam. Puffed rice can be created by heating the steam-conditioned kernels either with oil or in an oven. Rice puffed in this way is crisp, and known as "crisped rice". Oven-crisped rice is used to produce the Rice Krispies breakfast cereal as well as the crisped rice used in Lion Bars, Nestlé Crunch, Krackel, and similar chocolate bars. Though not as dramatic a change when compared to popcorn, the process and result are the same.

Another method of puffing rice is "gun puffing", where the grain is conditioned to the correct level of moisture and pressurized to around 200 psi. When the pressure is suddenly released, the pressure stored inside the kernel causes it to puff out. This method produces a puffed rice which is spongy in texture.

Rice can also be puffed by making a rice dough, and extruding small pellets which are then rapidly heated. The moisture in the dough flash boils and puffs the rice up. A cereal such as Cap'n Crunch is extruded, cooked, cut, pressurized, puffed and dried in a continuous process.

The method of modern industrial puffed rice production is attributed to American inventor Alexander P. Anderson, who stumbled across puffing while trying to ascertain the water content of a single granule of starch, introduced the first puffing machine at the World's Fair in Saint Louis, Missouri, in 1904. His eight "guns" that puffed grains for Fair goers were dubbed "The Eighth Wonder of the World" by an advertising billboard poster. Once the puffing principle, technique and technology had been discovered by Anderson, the competition to puff ready-to-eat American breakfast cereal took over the economy of Battle Creek, Michigan, with Kellogg's and Quaker Oats being two memorable and still active names to endure through the early puffing frenzy.

In the United States and Europe, puffed rice is served with milk as a breakfast cereal, a popular brand of this is Rice Krispies. Some chocolate bars, such as the Nestlé Crunch, include puffed rice, and puffed rice cakes are sold as low-calorie snacks.

Puffed rice cakes

In the United States, a flat disk of puffed rice was sold as "rice cakes" by the company Chico-San in the 1970s. These rice cakes were marketed as low-calorie "saucers" meant to be eaten with toppings like cottage cheese, jelly, and fruit. Chico-San was eventually acquired by Heinz in 1984, at which time the Quaker Oats Company also developed their own rice cake marketed as a "low-carb alternative to bread". Rice cakes became a fad diet in the 1980s and 1990s in the United States. In 1993, Quaker Oats Company also acquired Chico-San, their biggest competitor, from Heinz. Rice cakes are also produced by other companies including Lundberg Family Farms, Hain Celestial Group, and Whole Foods Market.

These puffed rice cakes are typically sold plain or blandly-seasoned, with the most popular flavor being lightly salted. They are also sold in flavored versions, including caramel, chocolate, cinnamon toast. They are popularly disk-shaped, but can also be sold as squares.

In the Netherlands, disk-shaped puffed rice cakes are commonly sold in cylindrical packaging in supermarkets. Puffed rice cakes are also sold in a variety of different flavors within Sweden.

title: Puffed rice


text:
Norm Augustinus

Norman Theodoor Augustinus Jr is an American writer.

Early life
Augustinus was born in the Hutzel Women's Hospital in Detroit, Michigan. He is the son of Levontina Melnyk and Norman Augustinus Sr. His grandfather Bart Theodoor Augustinus was born in Amsterdam, but left the Netherlands in 1922 entering the US by way of the Vermont, St. Albans Canadian Crossing. Augustinus never met his biological father, but at the age of ten his mother remarried. Augustinus credits his stepfather for much of his success. Augustinus's mother gave birth to twins but the other child was stillborn.

Biography
Known widely for writing humor, Augustinus studied Journalism and Communications at Ferris State University in Big Rapids, Michigan where he was an editor of the university newspaper the (Ferris Torch) and writer/producer of the then popular radio show, The Adventures of E-Man. While a freshman at Ferris State University Augustinus published LEONARD. During his senior year at Ferris State University Augustinus placed in an invention contest and won a cash award for a mailbox transmitter device. A certificate and cash prize was presented to Augustinus during the dedication and open house of the Manufacturing Resource and Productivity Center.

An inventor, his gadgets have been featured in numerous publications and television shows.

Augustinus' highly viewed 'iPhone Colon Exam' invention/video was an inspiration to Patrick O'Neil the inventor of the iPhone olloclip which has sold over 75 million units worldwide. Augustinus is cited in the olloclip US patent.

He has been a copywriter, run for political office hunted for treasure, appeared in over three dozen television commercials, and worked toward a private pilot license. In 1991 Augustinus developed the story-line and dialogue for place mats used in over 300 McDonald's restaurants throughout Michigan, The Adventures of Tizzie Bean. Additionally, Augustinus landed a bit part (under five lines) in the movie Hoffa starring Jack Nicholson (Shot in Cobo Hall Arena, Detroit). Augustinus is listed in the 2003 & 2004 Edition of Marquis Who's Who in America and was nominated for the Ferris State University Distinguished Alumni Award two consecutive years in a row. In 1999 he was accepted into the prestigious Powerhouse Theatre Program at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York. He has written for newspapers and online publications such as McSweeney's Internet Tendency and he is a member of the Society of Professional Journalists, Screen Actor's Guild/American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG - AFTRA) and Actors' Equity (AEA).

In March 2013 Roll Call and a dozen other publications worldwide, published a story about an animated cartoon Augustinus created and posted on his website with regards to the Obama administration. The cartoon depicted several high-ranking members of the Obama administration being laser beamed into nonexistence by a drone. The cartoon prompted a visit from the United States Secret Service. Highly controversial, the cartoon was viewed over 11 million times, and made Augustinus the first cartoonist in the United States to be investigated by a government agency because of a cartoon.

In 2014 and 2015 Augustinus stood in Columbus Circle Manhattan for hundreds of hours holding large, creatively worded banners in support of the New York City horse carriage industry, which de Blasio vowed to end immediately upon being elected NYC mayor. Augustinus was thanked by the Teamsters for his support in a full page notice/ad published in the New York Daily News on January 1, 2016.

Internet
Augustinus is one of the earliest podcasters. In 1992 he broadcast his offbeat stories and poems (via the internet) using large uncompressed wav (wave) files. In 1995 Augustinus began using RealAudio due largely to the dramatic increase in speed, eventually shifting his focus to the mp3 format and Podcasting in late 2004. During 2006 comical bits produced by Augustinus were broadcast weekly on Sirius Satellite Radio.

Influences
His stepfather was a seasoned storyteller and involved with the Tool & Die industry in Detroit and (as a boy) Augustinus often accompanied him when calling on clients. According to Augustinus, it was during these times that he "learned how to tell a story."

Personal life
In 2012 his sister Sandra committed suicide after being diagnosed with bone cancer after being treated for breast cancer. Augustinus writes daily and performs his popular stand-up comedy routine regularly. His novel, 'Cats and Dogs' (ISBN 9780615596907) was an Amazon Humor Best Seller (#8), in February 2013. His novel 'Bedbadger' (ISBN 9780615759753) was released January 21, 2013 and was also featured on the Amazon Humor Best Seller list.

On August 26, 2015, while driving through Michigan, Augustinus saw a Jeep Cherokee lose control and roll over several times off I-75. Augustinus ran to the car and pulled two children from the smoking, overturned vehicle. On October 9, 2015, Augustinus was nominated for the prestigious Carnegie Hero Medal.

title: Norm Augustinus


text:
KRFX

KRFX (103.5 FM) is an American commercial radio station in Denver, Colorado, serving the Denver metropolitan area. It is owned by iHeartMedia, and airs a classic rock radio format. The KRFX studios and offices are located on South Monaco Street in the Denver Tech Center. The station transmitter is atop Lookout Mountain, near Golden, more than 7,000 feet (2256 m) above sea level and 1,135 feet (346 m) in height above average terrain. Its effective radiated power is 100,000 watts.

KRFX broadcasts in the HD Radio format, with its HD2 subchannel simulcasting the programming of co-owned talk station KHOW. KRFX can also be heard online via iHeartRadio.

KOA-FM (1961–1968)
On June 1, 1961, the station first signed on as KOA-FM, the FM counterpart to KOA. Both stations were owned by the Metropolitan Television Company.

The two stations simulcast a full service middle of the road (MOR) format, with CBS Radio News at the beginning of most hours. KOA-AM-FM shared broadcast facilities at 1044 Lincoln Street, three blocks south of the state capitol, with their co-owned television station, KOA-TV (now KCNC).

Beautiful music (1968–1974)
After several years, the simulcast ended, and KOA-FM began airing a beautiful music format. In July 1968, KOA-AM-FM-TV was purchased by General Electric Broadcasting.

Top 40 (1974–1986)
In 1974, KOA-FM flipped to Top 40 as "Q103" KOAQ. As listening to hit music switched from AM to FM, Q103 became one of Denver's top-rated stations during the 1980s. Jack Regan was the station's long-time program director and morning DJ. Alan Sledge was the music director, and midday DJ. He later added assistant PD duties. Vic Martin held down afternoons until 1982, followed by Barry James of Yes95! in Cincinnati. James took over MD/APD duties upon Sledge's departure. James left in 1988, and was followed by Bill Hessin, who a few years earlier had worked nights on KIMN as "Long John Ball". Other Q103 personalities included Nick Sommers, Tom Chase (Tom Villagrana), Don MacLeod and Scott Morrison.

In September 1983, General Electric sold KOA and KOAQ to the A. H. Belo Corporation of Dallas for $22 million. Lee Larson was selected as the new general manager, coming to Denver from KLOS in Los Angeles. In June 1984, KOA and KOAQ moved to new offices and studios located at 1380 Lawrence Street, leaving their TV sister station at the Lincoln Street facility.

Adult contemporary (1986–1989)
With KOAQ competing with two rival Top 40 stations in 1986, the station segued to an adult contemporary music format.

In 1987, Jacor Communications purchased KOA and KOAQ for $24 million. Bob Visotcky was appointed general manager of KOAQ, while Lee Larson continued at the helm of KOA.

Classic rock (1989–present)
After nearly 14 years playing some kind of pop music format, on January 18, 1989, KOAQ flipped to classic rock, taking the new call sign KRFX, and rebranded as "103.5 The Fox", one of several stations in the U.S. using the brand "The Fox".

In late 1995, when sister station KBPI began playing mostly new active rock, KRFX added some more recent rock titles. At the same time, air personality Steve Cooper of KBPI replaced Tom Little at night.

In May 1999, Clear Channel Communications acquired KOA and KRFX when Jacor stations were absorbed by the company. In 2014, Clear Channel switched its name to iHeartMedia.

title: KRFX


text:
Chess boxing

Chess boxing, or chessboxing, is a hybrid sport that combines two traditional disciplines: chess and boxing. Two combatants play alternating rounds of blitz chess and boxing until one wins by checkmate or knockout. It is also possible to win by time penalty as in normal chess, and by boxing decision if there is a draw in the chess round.

Typically, events are held in a standard boxing ring using standard amateur boxing equipment and rules. The chess round is also played in the ring with the table, board, and seating on a platform being lifted in and out of the ring from the ceiling for each round.

The governing bodies of chessboxing are the World Chessboxing Association and the World Chess Boxing Organisation.

Chessboxing was invented by French comic book artist Enki Bilal and adapted by Dutch performance artist Iepe Rubingh as an art performance and has subsequently grown into a competitive sport. Chessboxing is particularly popular in the United Kingdom, India, Finland, France, and Russia.

History
An earlier version of combining chess and boxing took place in a boxing club outside London in the late 1970s. The Robinson brothers were in the habit of playing a round of chess against one another after a training session at their boxing club. The concept of chessboxing was first coined in the 1979 kung fu film Mystery of Chessboxing made by Joseph Kuo, where it referred to the Chinese variant of chess, xiangqi. In homage to the film of the same name, the band Wu-Tang Clan brought chessboxing into popular consciousness for the first time in 1993, when they released the song "Da Mystery of Chessboxin.

The first chessboxing event was put on by Dutch performance artist Iepe Rubingh. Rubingh's idea to create a new sport fusing the two disciplines, chess and boxing, originates from the 1992 comic Froid Équateur, written by French comic book artist Enki Bilal, that portrays a chessboxing world championship. In the comic book version, however, the opponents fight an entire boxing match before they face each other in a game of chess. Finding this to be impractical, Rubingh developed the idea further until it turned into the competitive sport that chessboxing is today, with alternating rounds of chess and boxing and a detailed set of rules and regulations.

Early years
The first chessboxing competition took place in Berlin in 2003. That same year, the first world championship fight was held in Amsterdam, in cooperation with the Dutch Boxing Association as well as the Dutch Chess Federation and under the auspices of the World Chess Boxing Organization (WCBO) that had been founded in Berlin shortly before. Dutch middleweight fighters Iepe Rubingh and Jean Louis Veenstra faced each other in the ring. After his opponent exceeded the chess time limit, Rubingh won the fight in the eleventh round, going down in the history books as the first-ever World Chess Boxing Champion.

WCBA and WCBO
By 2012, Rubingh in Berlin and Tim Woolgar in London had become the two shining lights of the chessboxing scene. Rubingh's events tended to have a more serious tone, while Woolgar's brought a party atmosphere and larger crowds. These two champions of the new sport were unable to agree on forming a unified style, which eventually left the sport with two governing bodies: the World Chessboxing Association (WCBA) and the WCBO. This period in chessboxing history was immortalised in the film By Rook or Left Hook – The Story of Chessboxing.

2005–2008: First champions

The first European Chess Boxing Championship took place in Berlin on 1 October 2005. Present-day chessboxing commentator Andreas Dilschneider was defeated by Tihomir Dovramadjiev (FIDE Master ) when he resigned in the ninth round of chess, crowning the latter by being the first European Chess Boxing Champion. A video report by German television channel RBB presented the event in detail. In 2006, more than 800 spectators filled the Gloria Theatre in Cologne for the world championship qualification fight between Zoran Mijatovic and Frank Stoldt. The 36-year-old Frank Stoldt, who was a former UN peacekeeper in Kosovo and Afghanistan, won when his opponent resigned in chess in the seventh round. After qualifying to fight for the title in 2006, Frank Stoldt went up against American David Depto in November 2007 in Berlin to fight for the first world championship title in the light heavyweight division. More than 800 tickets were sold for the event at the Tape Club in Berlin, making it the biggest chessboxing title fight to that date. Frank Stoldt defeated Depto in the seventh round and thereby cemented Berlin's status as the leading city in the chessboxing world and becoming the first German world champion.

2008–2011: Growth
Chessboxing first received credit from the International Chess Federation FIDE, in April 2008; its president, Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, took part in a chessboxing demo fight in Elista. In 2008, chessboxing clubs were founded in London and Krasnoyarsk. Created in 2009, the Los Angeles Chessboxing Club was the first of its kind in the United States and was directly followed by the New York Chessboxing Club in 2010. The Boxer in Munich also opened in 2010 and offers chessboxing training. In addition to the WCBO's initially European and later world championships taking place, the scene at the London Chessboxing Club grew as well. In 2011, the first international club matchup took place, with Berlin and London in the ring.

2011–2014: Global expansion
In 2011, the WCBO and with it, the global chessboxing community, made the biggest leap forward in its development to date with the foundation of the Chessboxing Organisation of India and its expansion in Asia, including Chessboxing China and the Chessboxing Organisation of Iran, which was founded in 2012. Furthermore, the third chessboxing organization in the United States, USA Chessboxing, was founded in 2011 and the European movement was being reinforced by the foundation of the Italian Chessboxing Federation in 2012. In addition to the WCBO becoming a registered association under German law in 2014, the Chess Boxing Global Marketing CBGM GmbH – called Chess Boxing Global (CBG) – was founded; it is responsible for organizing all professional chessboxing fights worldwide and above all, for the organization of the Chess Boxing World Championships.

The Chess Boxing Organisation India was founded in 2011 by kickboxing official and former Indian kickboxing and karate champion Montu Das. With this, the growth of chessboxing in Asia gained momentum, with the first Chess Boxing Organisation in Western Asia already being built in the following year by another experienced official in the kickboxing world, Fereydoun Pouya, who started the Chess Boxing Organisation Iran.

At the same time, the process of making chessboxing a professional discipline reached a milestone: The 2013 World Championship in Moscow was the first chessboxing event organized and marketed by Chess Boxing Global. With three world championship fights in one night, more than 1,200 spectators, and a standard of fighting never seen before, the first CBG event set new standards in the history of chessboxing, with Leonid Chernobaev leading the way. He has been able to make a name for himself with more than fifteen years of chess-playing experience, and in the boxing world as Marco Huck's and Yoan Pablo Hernández's sparring partner, and having fought over 200 amateur bouts. He won the light heavyweight title against Indian fighter Shailesh Tripathi after a technical knockout in the eighth round (boxing). Sven Rooch secured his title in the middleweight class division—winning against Jonatan Rodriguez Vega after the Spaniard resigned in the seventh round (chess), and Russian Nikolay Sazhin won the heavyweight title against Gianluca Sirci by checkmate. Thus, Sazhin (heavyweight), Chernobaev (light heavyweight), and Rooch (middleweight) would all go down in chessboxing history as the first Chess Boxing Global World Champions.

In terms of its development into a mass sport, there was much success in 2013 and early 2014 for the chessboxing world. There were more competitors in the second and third Indian Championships in the summer of 2013 and early 2014 than in any chessboxing events ever before, with more than 245 fighters of varying age and weight class, taking place in Salem and Jodhpur, respectively. Furthermore, the chessboxing community in London—under the command of London Chessboxing and the WCBA—has continued to grow constantly since 2011 and by now stages chessboxing events for 800 or more spectators regularly four to five times a year at the Scala, King's Cross.

Late 2014 also saw the Finnish Chessboxing Club being founded in Helsinki by five members. Since 2013, there has also been a Moscow Chess Boxing club.

2015–present
Chessboxing events in 2015 were produced by London Chessboxing under the WCBA—two events at Scala, Kings Cross. The second event, in June 2015, The Grandmaster Bash!, saw the British, European, and IBF light-welterweight world champion Terry Marsh fight and defeat Dymer Agasaryan. Terry Marsh is the first professional boxer to compete in chessboxing and has competed in three fights since June 2014 in London and still remains unbeaten in his career.

Chessboxing has also become more popular among young, poor women in India, where the sport has been seen as an alternative to traditional roles.

Actual numbers of local federations are officially registered in some countries, such as: China, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, India, Iran, Italy, Madagascar, Mexico, Netherlands, Philippines, Russia,  South Africa, Spain, Turkey,  Ukraine, USA,     and others.

In 2016, then-FIDE president, Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, publicly announced to Top Sport his desire to include chessboxing in the Olympic games.

On 11 December 2022, content creator and YouTuber Ludwig Ahgren held a chess boxing event, called the Mogul Chessboxing Championship, at the Galen Center in Los Angeles. The competition's bouts featured other content creators. The event's live viewership peaked at over 315,000 viewers on YouTube.

Rules
A match consists of eleven alternating rounds of chess and boxing, starting and ending with chess. Each boxing round lasts three minutes, followed by a one-minute break. The chess rounds are played under time control, with a total of nine minutes allotted to each player and no increment added to either player's clock after a move is made.

Decisions
A chessboxing match can end by any of the following:
 * Victory by knockout or technical knockout in boxing
 * Victory by checkmate in chess
 * Loss due to exceeding the chess game's time control; see fast chess
 * Loss by resignation in either discipline
 * Disqualification of one fighter by the referee in either discipline following multiple warnings (for extended inactivity, overextended playing time, rule infractions, etc.)
 * This rule prevents a fighter who is in an unwinnable position in one discipline from stalling to attempt to win in the other.

If the chess game ends in a draw before the final round, one more round of boxing is held. If this round also ends without a clear victory, the fighter who is ahead on boxing points wins the overall bout. If the chess draw occurs in the final round, the fighter ahead on points is immediately declared the winner. In either case, if the bout ends with both fighters tied on points, the one playing the black chess pieces wins the bout, due to not having the first-move advantage in chess. This scenario has not yet occurred in practice as of 2022.

Weight classes
Like boxing, chessboxers are divided into weight classes. Currently, the following apply to professional chessboxing events of Chess Boxing Global :

Men (17 years+)

 * Lightweight: max. 70 kg (154.3 lbs)
 * Middleweight: max. 80 kg (176.4 lbs)
 * Light heavyweight: max. 90 kg (198.4 lbs)
 * Heavyweight: over 90 kg (198.4 lbs)

Women (17 years+)

 * Lightweight: max. 55 kg (121.3 lbs)
 * Middleweight: max. 65 kg (143.3 lbs)
 * Light heavyweight: max. 75 kg (165.3 lbs)
 * Heavyweight: over 75 kg (165.3 lbs)

For amateur and youth chessboxing bouts under the flag of the WCBO, weight classes are graduated in 6-kilo steps. Exceptionally, event hosts can classify into 10-kilo steps.

Particular requirements and training
A chessboxer must have strong skills in both chess and boxing to be permitted to compete in a professional chessboxing fight. The current minimum requirements to fight in a Chess Boxing Global event include an Elo rating of 1,600 and a record of at least fifty amateur bouts fought in boxing or another similar martial art. One deciding factor in chessboxing is that the fighters have to mainly train in speed chess; the skills required by speed chess are different from those for chess using classical time controls. However, chessboxing is not only the ability to master both sports but above all, to be able to withstand the constant switch from a full-contact sport to a thinking game, round after round. After three minutes of boxing, opponents have to face each other at the chessboard barely having taken a break, and have to then perform calmly and think tactically. This switch becomes increasingly hard for the athletes as the contest progresses.

To practice these skills, specialized chessboxing training is used, in which physical interval training forms are combined with blitz or speed chess games. Thereby, the fighters adopt the rhythm of a chessboxing bout. They will use exercises like "track chess" and "stair chess", in which training partners will play an 18-minute game of speed chess over six rounds, with intensive running exercises in between, such as 400-meter sprints or stair sprints. Other common methods of training combine speed chess games with strength exercises such as push-ups. The classic chessboxing training is box sparring combined with a game of speed chess.

Major tournaments
Below is a partial list of chess boxing tournaments held in recent years:

Champions
Between 2003 and 2013, the chessboxing world championships were organized by the WCBO. , they take the form of professional events under the auspices of Chess Boxing Global.

World champions

 * 2003: Iepe Rubingh 🇳🇱 – middleweight, in Amsterdam against Jean Louis Veenstra 🇳🇱
 * 2007: Frank Stoldt 🇩🇪 – light heavyweight, in Berlin against David Depto 🇺🇸
 * 2008: Nikolay Sazhin 🇷🇺 – light heavyweight, in Berlin against Frank Stoldt 🇩🇪
 * 2009: Leo Kraft 🇩🇪 – light heavyweight, in Krasnoyarsk against Nikolay Sazhin 🇷🇺

European champions

 * 2005: Tihomir Dovramadjiev 🇧🇬 – light heavyweight, in Berlin against Andreas Dilschneider 🇩🇪
 * 2010: Gianluca Sirci 🇮🇹 – heavyweight, in London against Andrew Costello 🇬🇧
 * 2015: Sergio Leveque 🇮🇹 - heavyweight, in London against Darius Rolkis 🇱🇹
 * 2015: Sergio Leveque 🇮🇹 - heavyweight, in London against Dmitri Pechurin 🇷🇺
 * 2016: Sergio Leveque 🇮🇹 - heavyweight, in London against Daniel Wakeham 🇬🇧

CBG (starting 2013)

 * 2013: Nikolay Sazhin 🇷🇺 – heavyweight, in Moscow against Gianluca Sirci 🇮🇹
 * 2013: Leonid Chernobaev 🇧🇾 – light heavyweight, in Moscow against Shaliesh Tripathi 🇮🇳
 * 2013: Sven Rooch 🇩🇪 – middleweight, in Moscow against Jonathan Rodriguez Vega 🇪🇸

World Chess Boxing Association
The World Chessboxing Association (WCBA) is a legally recognized umbrella organization for chessboxing. It was founded in 2013 and is based in London, England. English heavyweight chessboxing champion Tim Woolgar is its current president. The WCBA originated from the London Chessboxing Club after having separated from the WCBO. It was founded by Woolgar in 2013 to accelerate the development of chessboxing. WCBO champions are also managed and recognized by the WCBA.

World Chess Boxing Organisation
The World Chess Boxing Organisation (WCBO) is the leading umbrella organization for international amateur chessboxing. It is based in Berlin, Germany, and legally recognized as a nonprofit organization by the German government. Iepe Rubingh founded the WCBO directly after the first chessboxing fight in 2003. Its goal is to establish the WCBO as the worldwide organization for the sport of chessboxing. The WCBO aims to collect and link all active chessboxing clubs worldwide under one roof. It was legally recognized as a registered association by Berlin's district court in 2014. The WCBO was the official organizer of the chessboxing world championships until it recognized Chess Boxing Global, following its statute, as the exclusive marketing agent for professional chessboxing fights, in 2013. Chessboxing inventor and WCBO founder Iepe Rubingh is also the current chairman. The first honorary member is comic book artist Enki Bilal, whose comic inspired the invention of chessboxing.

WCBO member associations

 * Chess Boxing Club Berlin (CBCB)
 * Chess Boxing Organisation of India (CBOI)
 * Chess Boxing Organisation of Iran (CBOIR)
 * Italian Chess Boxing Federation (FISP)
 * China Chessboxing (CBCN)
 * Russian Chess Boxing Organisation

Chessboxing Nation
London Chessboxing is a brand under which the sport of chessboxing has been promoted since 2008 in London, England. Although the sport has been practised in London since 1978, the home of chessboxing in London today is Islington Boxing Club, where London Chessboxing hosts regular training sessions.

The first-ever chessboxing event hosted in the UK under the brand was at Bethnal Green Working Men's club in Hackney by Tim Woolgar on 15 August 2008. Other notable venues include Chelsea Old Town Hall, The Grange Hotel in St Pauls, and the Royal Albert Hall. Their events are hosted at Scala, King's Cross, York Hall, and The Dome, in Tuffnell Park. The events are also broadcast on the livestreaming service Twitch.

In 2021 London Chessboxing rebranded as Chessboxing Nation in order to compete with Chessboxing Global; however, Chessboxing Global collapsed following the death of Iepe Rubingh.

Documentary
In July 2021, a documentary titled By Rook or Left Hook – The Story of Chessboxing premiered at the Doc Edge documentary festival in New Zealand, to positive reviews. The film was produced and directed by Canadian filmmaker David Bitton and executive-produced by Ed Cunningham, producer of the gaming documentary The King of Kong. By Rook or Left Hook tracks the early years of chessboxing, primarily focusing on the tensions that formed between the sport's inventor, Iepe Rubingh, and London Chessboxing founder, Tim Woolgar, and the formation of the two rival governing bodies, the WCBO and the WCBA. Although the documentary was filmed over an eight-year period, (November 2010 to January 2018), the story spans over 21 years—from Rubingh's early years as an artist, all the way up to his death in May 2020.

Chess boxing and science
In parallel with the development of chessboxing as a sport, the discipline has found an increasing place in several works by leading scientists who study the potential application of the concept in various fields.
 * The concept of chessboxing is of great interest to science seeking to optimize and increase the physical and psychological characteristics of athletes through the application of new methods and approaches, in order to increase human strength, biomechanical and intellectual abilities, and others.
 * The concept of the sport of chessboxing occupies a leading place in the research of scientists looking for new integrated methods and approaches applicable in the educational process to improve the general condition of adolescents, young people, and disadvantaged individuals.
 * In general, the main conclusions show the positive impact of the diversity of the sport of chessboxing, characterized by certain dynamics in a diverse environment.

Chess boxing and mass media

 * In 2012, Judit, Susan, and Sofia Polgar hosted a chess festival in Hungary during which the WBF / IBO middleweight world boxing champion Mihaly Kotai played a chessboxing match, the first in Hungary.
 * In 2013, the information and educational television channel Moscow 24 presented a report on the popularity of chessboxing.
 * In 2018, the official promo video SHAHBOX PROMO was presented. The video shows the preparation of the Russian national chess team for an international tournament in Moscow (28 March 2018) under the auspices of the Chess Federation (Moscow, Russia) and the World Chess Federation (WCBO). The tournament was held and supported by the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation. Among the participants in the cup were five candidates for master of sports in boxing, two masters of sports in kickboxing, one professional boxer (with a score of 3 - 0), two masters, three candidates for master of chess, three world champions in chessboxing, one European champion, and one silver medalist from the World Chess Championship.
 * In 2019, the book Chessboxer by Stephen Davies was published.
 * In 2019, the St. Petersburg TV channel presented a report on how chessboxing attracts chess players and boxers.
 * In 2019, Red Bull TV officially presented a documentary on chessboxing.
 * In 2020, at an international chessboxing tournament held in the Netherlands, K1 multiple world kickboxing champion Remy Bonjasky supported the event as a commentator. The tournament was especially important because after seventeen years, chessboxing returned to the country where the first world championship was held.
 * In early 2021, Russian channel RT publicly promoted chessboxing in a presentation video, focusing attention on the sport's popularity around the world and its prospects for inclusion in the Olympic Games.
 * On 11 December 2022, YouTube personality Ludwig Ahgren hosted a Chess Boxing Competition called Mogul Chess Boxing, featuring other YouTube and twitch celebrities, as well as Super Smash Bros players and chess grandmasters. The stream peaked at 317k viewers, making it the largest premier of Chess Boxing in the history of the sport.

title: Chess boxing


text:
Mbaydoum Simeon

Mbaydoum Simeon is a member of the Pan-African Parliament from Chad.

title: Mbaydoum Simeon