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Saharanpur district

Saharanpur district is the northernmost of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state, India. Bordering the states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, and close to the foothills of Shivalik range, it lies in the northern part of the Doab region.

The district headquarters are in Saharanpur, which is also the headquarters of Saharanpur Division. Other principal towns are Sarsawa, Behat, Deoband, Gangoh and Rampur Maniharan.

Geography
Saharanpur is located at 29.97°N, 77.55°W, about 130 km south-southeast from Chandigarh and 170 km north-northeast from Delhi and 61 Km. South of Dehradun and about 70 Km. South East from the town of Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh. It has an average elevation of 284 m. It is bordered by Yamunanagar and Karnal districts of Haryana to the west, Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh to the northwest, Dehradun district of Uttarakhand to the north, Haridwar district of Uttarakhand to the east and Muzaffarnagar and Shamli districts to the south.

It is the northernmost district of Uttar Pradesh, bounded by the Yamuna to the west. The northern border of the district is formed by the southern slopes of the Sivallik Hills. Below the Sivallik is the Bhabhar, and south of that, the Terai. The west of the district is khadir land next to the Yamuna, generally composed of clayish soil, and produces two small tributaries of the Yamuna: the Budhi and Saindh.

Medieval period
During the reign of Shamsu’d-Din Iltutmish (r 1211–1236), the region became a part of the Delhi Sultanate. At that time, most of the area remained covered with forests and marshlands, through which the Paondhoi, Dhamola, and Ganda Nala rivers flowed. The climate was humid and malaria outbreaks were common. Muhammad bin Tughluq, the Sultan of Delhi (1325–1351), undertook a campaign in the northern doab to crush the rebellion of the Shivalik kings in 1340, when according to local tradition he learned of the presence of a sufi saint on the banks of the Paondhoi River. After visiting the sage, he ordered that henceforth this region would be known as 'Shah-Haroonpur', after the Sufi Saint Shah Haroon Chishti. The simple but well-preserved tomb of this saint is situated in the oldest quarter of Saharanpur city, between the Mali Gate/Bazar Dinanath and Halwai Hatta. By the end of the 14th century, the power of the Sultanate had declined and it was attacked by Emperor Timur (1336–1405) of Central Asia. Timur had marched through the Saharanpur region in 1399 to sack Delhi and people of the region fought his army unsuccessfully. A weakened Sultanate was later conquered by the Central Asian Mogul king Babur (1483–1531).

Mughal period
In the 16th century, Babur, a Timurid descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan from Fergana Valley (modern-day Uzbekistan), invaded across the Khyber Pass and founded the Mughal Empire, covering India, along with modern-day Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh The Mughals were descended from Persianised Central Asian Turks (with significant Mongol admixture).

During the Mughal period, Akbar (1542–1605), Saharanpur became an administrative unit under the Province of Delhi. Akbar bestowed the feudal jagir of Saharanpur to the Mughal treasurer, Sah Ranveer Singh, a Hindu Rohilla who laid the foundations of the present-day city on the site of an army cantonment. The nearest settlements at that time were Shekhpura and Malhipur. Saharanpur was a walled city, with four gates: the Sarai Gate, the Mali Gate, the Buria Gate, and the Lakhi Gate. The city was divided into the neighbourhoods named Nakhasa Bazar, Shah Behlol, Rani Bazar and Lakhi Gate. The ruins of Shah Ran Veer Singh's old fort can still be seen in the Chaudharian locality of Saharanpur, not far from the better known 'Bada-Imam-bada'. He also built a large Jain temple in Muhallah/Toli Chaundhariyan, it is now known as the 'Digamber-Jain Panchayati Mandir'.

The Sayyids and Rohillas
Mughal emperors Akbar and later Shah Jehan (1592–1666) bestowed the administrative pargana of Sarwat on Muslim Sayyid families. In 1633 one of them founded a city and named it and the surrounding region Muzaffarnagar, in honour of his father, Sayyid Muzaffar Ali Khan. The Sayyids ruled the area until the 1739 invasion by Nadir Shah. After his departure, anarchy prevailed across the entire doab with the region ruled or ravaged in succession by Jats. Taking advantage of this anarchy, the Rohillas took control of the entire trans-Gangetic region.

Ahmad Shah Durrani, the Afghan ruler who invaded Northwestern and Northern India in the 1750s, conferred the territory of Saharanpur as Jagir on Rohilla chief Najaf Khan, who assumed the title of Nawab Najeeb-ud-Daula and took up residence in Saharanpur in 1754,. He made Gaunsgarh his capital and tried to strengthen his position against Maratha Empire attacks by entering an alliance with the Hindu Gurjar chieftain Manohar Singh. In 1759, Najeeb-ud-Daula issued a Deed of Agreement handing over 550 villages to Manohar Singh, who became the Raja of Landaura.

Maratha period
In 1757, the Maratha army captured the Saharanpur region, which resulted in Najeeb-ud-Daula losing control of Saharanpur to the Maratha rulers Raghunath Rao and Malharao Holkar. The conflict between Rohillas and Marathas came to an end on 18December 1788 with the arrest of Ghulam Qadir, the grandson of Najeeb-ud-Daula, who was defeated by the Maratha general Mahadaji Shinde. The most significant contribution of Nawab Ghulam Qadir to Saharanpur city is the Nawab Ganj area and the Ahmedabadi fortress therein, which still stands. The death of Ghulam Qadir put an end to the Rohilla administration in Saharanpur and it became the northernmost district of the Maratha Empire. Ghani Bahadur Banda was appointed its first Maratha governor. The Maratha Regime saw the construction of the Bhuteshwar Temple and Bagheshwar Temple in Saharanpur city. In 1803, following the Second Anglo-Maratha War, when the British East India Company defeated the Maratha Empire, Saharanpur came under British suzerainty.

British colonial period (1803–1947 AD)
When India rebelled in 1857 against the foreign Company's occupation, now referred to as the First War of Indian Independence, the Saharanpur and the present-day Muzaffarnagar Districts were part of that uprising. The centre of freedom fighters' operations was Shamli, a small town in the Muzaffarnagar region which was liberated for some time. After the uprising failed, British retribution was severe. Death and destruction was particularly directed against the Muslims of the region, whom the British considered as the main instigators of the rebellion; Muslim society was devastated beyond recognition. When social reconstruction started, the cultural and political history of Muslims began to revolve around Deoband and Aligarh. Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, both proponents of the reformer Shah Waliullah's ideology for social and political rejuvenation, established a school in Deoband in 1867. It found popularity and global recognition as the Darul Uloom Deoband. Its founders' mission was twofold: to raise and spread a team of scholars able to awaken the religious and social consciousness of Muslims through peaceful methods and to make efforts, through them, to educate Muslims in their faith and culture; and to bring about a feeling of nationalism and national unity by promoting the concept of Hindu-Muslim unity and a united India. Muslim scholars in the city of Saharanpur were active supporters of this ideology and went on to establish the Mazahir Uloom theological seminary six months later.

Royal Family
In 1845, Nawab Rao Wazir-ud-din Khan ascended to the prestigious position of member and voter of the Mughal Darbar at the Red Fort in Delhi. This honor was largely due to his cordial relationship with the Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar. Rao Wazir-ud-din Khan was recognized as the wealthiest individual in the district of Saharanpur, possessing an expansive estate comprising 52,000 bighas of land and holding dominion over 57 villages, including Shaikhpura, Landohra, Tapri, Piragpur, Yousfpur, Badshapur, Harhati, Nazirpura, Santgarh, Lakhnor, Subri, and Pathri, among others.

The British governors, acknowledging his influence and affluence, maintained a favorable relationship with Rao Wazir-ud-din Khan and bestowed upon him the title of "Badsha-e-Waqt," meaning "the King of his Period." His life concluded in 1895 at Sheikpura Qudeem in Saharanpur, but his legacy endured through his descendants.

Rao Wazir-ud-din Khan was survived by his two sons, Nawab Rao Mashooq Ali Khan and Nawab Rao Ghafoor Muhammad Ali Khan. Nawab Rao Ghafoor Muhammad Ali Khan had seven children, with his eldest son, Nawab Rao Maqsood Ali Khan, distinguishing himself as a person of considerable renown. Nawab Rao Maqsood Ali Khan was highly educated, having pursued his studies at Aligarh Muslim University and the University of Oxford. He was known not only for his intellectual acumen but also for his deep spirituality. His kind and amiable nature made him a beloved figure among the people.

Nawab Rao Maqsood Ali Khan demonstrated his resourcefulness and capabilities by providing relief to the poor during times of famine and crop failure. He became a disciple of Sufi Hazrat Sheik Bahauddin, a descendant of Tipu Sultan, and played a significant role in spreading Sufism across the Saharanpur region. As a scholar, he authored many books in both English and Persian; however, regrettably, all his works were lost after his death.

During his tenure as the Nawab of Saharanpur, he presided over a vast estate, which included properties in the Saharanpur region as well as in Dehradun. His commitment to the welfare and upliftment of his people was unwavering. He generously donated land for madrasas and dargahs and provided substantial aid to impoverished farmers. His philanthropic endeavors were recognized by the Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin, who awarded him in Dehradun.

Nawab Rao Maqsood Ali Khan passed away in 1973 at Sheikpura Qudeem. His legacy continued through his sons, Nawab Rao Ghulam Muhi-ud-din Khan, Nawab Rao Zamir Haider Khan, Nawab Rao Yaqoob Khan, and Nawab Rao Gulam Hafiz Khan. Notably, Nawab Rao Zamir Haider Khan's son, Prince Shameem Haider Rao, has made a name for himself as a fashion model and poet.

This illustrious family, with its rich history and enduring contributions to society, remains a testament to their legacy. Their influence and charitable work have left an indelible mark on the region, continuing to inspire and uplift the community they have long served.

Demographics
According to the 2011 census the Saharanpur district had a population of 3,466,382, roughly equal to the nation of Panama or the US state of Connecticut. This gives it a ranking of 92nd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 939 PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.59%. Saharanpur has a sex ratio of 887 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 72.03%. 30.77% of the population lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 22.05% and 0.03% of the population respectively.

Religion
Hinduism is followed by over 56% of people. Islam is the second-largest religion in the district with over 41.95% adherents. Sikhism is followed by 0.54% people. Hindus generally dominate rural areas while Muslims are majority in urban areas.

Languages
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 80.90% of the population of the district spoke Hindi and 18.57% Urdu as their first language.

Medical College

 * Sheikh-Ul-Hind Mahmood Mahmood Hasan Medical College, a government medical college which provides healthcare for all citizens of the state and to train students. The present medical college is planned to have a 500-bed hospital with road access to the Saharanpur-Ambala National Highway. The proposed annual intake of MBBS Students is expected to be 100 from 2014 to 2015.

Villages

 * Agwanhera

title: Saharanpur district


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Grorud (station)

Grorud is a rapid transit station on the Oslo Metro. Located between Ammerud and Romsås on Grorud Line, it serves the Grorud borough. The station is located on the south side of a tunnel entrance. Above the station is a small cluster of shops and a small bus terminal.

The station was the end station of the original section of the Grorud Line, which opened 16 October 1966, and remained the end station until it was extended to Rommen on 3 March 1974.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Grorud (station)


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Talk:Vrindavan

Ganeshbot
I have merged the information in the article today. Ys, GourangaUK 11:31, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

Widows
I dont see how this is relevant to the Vrindavan article. If someone wants, and if it is found notable, they can start a separate article on this. Anyway, the CNN article itself is so full of generalizations, factual inaccuracies, and thinly-veiled racism that we will need a more scholarly source for this to be notable.199.43.32.86 16:28, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

 * How can it not be notable? It's the only thing Vrindavan is known for outside India (largely thanks to historian William Dalrymple's The Age of Kali), and "city widows vrindavan" gets 27,000 Google hits.  If you're disputing specific assertions in the paragraph, please provide contrary sources. Jpatokal 04:18, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

Article moved
From Vrindavan to Vrindavana according to academic spelling and Google test. Wikidās ॐ 12:30, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I have no idea how you're doing your Google test, but I get 470k hits for Vrindavan vs 73k for Vrindavana. The (self-proclaimed, but there's nothing better) "official" website also uses the spelling Vrindavana. I've thus reverted your move. Jpatokal (talk) 18:37, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

Tourist Scams in Mathura-Vrindavan
This warning is for everyone visiting or wanting to visit Mathura-Vrindavan and all the holy sites around.Basically it works like this….. Once you hire a tourist taxi randomly,the driver will take you to the temple where his accomplices in the form of guides,priests etc are waiting to scam you of all your money and more.Vrindavan and mathura is filled with numerous temples at any one site.If you don’t have a plan to visit any particular temple,the taxi drivers will drive you to the temple of their choice where an accomplice is waiting to act as your guide.Once you take him on as a guide,he will take you around the legitimate temple (in our case it was the govind temple at Vrindavan) and explain the various aspects,asking you to clap your hands and laugh in praise of Lord Krishna.He will then concoct a story of how a diamond embedded in the ceiling was taken by Aurangzeb when he attacked the temple,and how his mother gave it back to an adjacent temple to repent when Aurangzeb went blind.Once he leads you out of the temple to see that diamond in its new place,you are on your way to getting cheated of all your money.In the narrow alleyways and bylanes around the main temple are various ashrams,temples etc.where you will be shown beggars and widows who are fed by donations of visitors.Finally you will be led to the temple where the scam starts.You will be shown various statues etc and finally be told to switch off your mobile.You will then be seated in front of 3 statues where the priest then takes over.He will conduct a sham ceremony and ask you to utter a few mantras.After that he will ask you for a donation in 1000,3000 and 4000 denomination.In return he promises you that your name will be engraved on a marble stone and fixed on the wall of the temple.He will also show you a few famous names engraved on the slabs.eg.amitabh bacchan,karishma kapoor etc.After that he will whip out a fake receipt book and start by asking you your name,your fathers name etc. and then ask you for the money in 1000,3000 or 4000 denomination.If you try to talk to each other,he will scare you with curses and bad luck.If you try to discuss it with your friends who are seated around you,he will stop you and ask you to mind your own business.While all this name taking is going on,his cohorts in the temple will be seated behind you and pronounce their donations out loud.Making you believe that it’s a genuine donation.If you part with your money,you will become the newest victim.In our case 3 people lost 1000 rupees.I used my presense of mind and asked them for a credit card donation,since I knew it would lead me out of the temple and give me time to think.Trust me,once you are seated and the ceremony is complete you will need all the fortitude to get out of that situation with menacing faces surrounding you.Once we were led to the so called ‘temple trust office’ it was all clear that it was a sham since it was one of the dingy shops around the corner and not a temple trust office.I faked that I needed a temple trust receipt from the machine and not some screwed up shop’s name. So all those of you who visit India or are planning to visit India beware of these scams.They are everywhere.Guides who will lead you to shops where they get the maximum commission and you get ripped off.Get your head out of the sand and plan it carefully. Any comments or questions….mail me at:mayur72@sify.com I will be glad to send you a photo of the scamsters taken inadvertently while clicking inside the main temple.They wont allow you to take pictures while you are in the temple citing the monkeys around. Take care…and best of luck. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.184.182.75 (talk) 08:41, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

 * "Scam"? We had that pulled on us as well, and we just refused to give them any money.  They scowled for a while, but then we took off and the guided tour continued.  End of story. Jpatokal (talk) 03:51, 28 November 2008 (UTC)

File:Vrindavan Hare Krishn.jpeg Nominated for speedy Deletion
dxcgsdfgsdfgsdfgsdfgsdfg — Preceding unsigned comment added by 115.112.33.139 (talk) 12:33, 19 May 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vrindavan


text: User:The Minister of War/Sandbox/

title: User:The Minister of War/Sandbox/


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Babingtonite

Babingtonite is a calcium iron manganese inosilicate mineral with the formula Ca2(Fe,Mn)FeSi5O14(OH). It is unusual in that iron(III) completely replaces the aluminium so typical of silicate minerals. It is a very dark green to black translucent (in thin crystals or splinters) mineral crystallizing in the triclinic system with typically radial short prismatic clusters and druzy coatings. It occurs with zeolite minerals in cavities in volcanic rocks. Babingtonite contains both iron(II) and iron(III) and shows weak magnetism. It has a Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 6 and a specific gravity of 3.3.

It was first described in 1824 from samples from Arendal, Aust-Agder, Norway (which is its type locality) and was named after the Irish physician and mineralogist William Babington (1757–1833).

It is the official mineral (mineral emblem) of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The first published report of babingtonite in Massachusetts was by Francis Alger in 1844, who credited Thomas Nuttall with its discovery in Charlestown (now Somerville). The location was the Granite Street quarry, formerly known as the Milk Row quarry.

title: Babingtonite


title: File:Untoldtales1.jpg


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Talk:Vindhyachal

External links modified
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title: Talk:Vindhyachal


text:
Kostas Biris

Konstantinos "Kostas" Biris (Κωνσταντίνος "Κώστας" Μπίρης; 1899–1980) was a Greek architect, city planner and folklorist. He was born in Cairo but grew up in Euboea; he graduated from NTUA in 1921.

Books

 * 1946, Reconstruction plan for the Capital city
 * includes a plan for a unified archaeological park, on the areas of Acropolis, Plaka, Dimosiou Simatos and Iera Odos
 * 1957, History of the NTUA
 * 1958, For modern Athens, studies and contests
 * 1960, Arvanites
 * 1966, Athens from the 19th to the 20th century

title: Kostas Biris


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Sweet Sixteen (2002 film)

Sweet Sixteen is a 2002 coming-of-age crime drama film directed by Ken Loach. Set in Scotland, the film tells the story of Liam, a teenage boy from a troubled background who dreams of starting afresh with his mother as soon as she has completed her prison term. Liam's attempts to raise money for the two of them are set against the backdrop of the Inverclyde towns of Greenock, Port Glasgow and the coast at Gourock.

The film is an international co-production of the United Kingdom, Germany and Spain. It is often shown with subtitles because, as with many of Loach's films, the dialogue is extensively in a local dialect, in this case the Inverclyde variant of Scottish English and Scots, a similar dialect and accent to Glaswegian.

Plot
In the Scottish town of Greenock, teenager Liam and his friends exemplify the violent ned subculture: they no longer attend school, and instead wander aimlessly all day long. They earn money by illegally selling untaxed cigarettes in a pub. Liam's mother, Jean, is currently in prison for a crime actually committed by her boyfriend Stan, who works as a drug dealer with Liam's grandfather, Rab. Jean is due to be released in a few weeks, in time for Liam's 16th birthday.

Stan and Rab attempt to force Liam to smuggle drugs to Jean during a prison visit. Refusing to cooperate, Liam is beaten up by Stan and eventually thrown out of Rab's flat. Liam then moves in with his older sister Chantelle in nearby Port Glasgow. She urges Liam to do something constructive with his life.

When Liam takes Chantelle's young son Calum for a walk along the Greenock Esplanade, his friend Pinball arrives in a stolen car and insists on taking them joyriding along the coast. They drive up through the Cloch caravan park where Liam sees a caravan for sale. Liam dreams of starting afresh by purchasing a caravan to live in with his mother and sister, away from Stan and Rab. To afford it, he and Pinball steal a delivery of drugs from Stan's house and sell them. They soon raise several thousand pounds, which they pay as a deposit towards the caravan in Liam's mother's name.

Liam's efforts attract the attention of the local drug "godfather", Tony Douglas. Liam agrees to work with them after Tony tells him to "stay away from our shops". Pinball, meanwhile, is thrown into the health club showers due to his disrespectful behaviour towards the dealer, and vows revenge. Liam and Pinball continue selling drugs locally, with the help of Liam's other friends who deliver pizzas. Liam and Pinball meet again with members of Tony's gang, and Liam joins them in their car. Pinball is kicked out, angering him further; the gang members advise Liam to "dump" Pinball for good. They take Liam to a Glasgow nightclub and inform him that he has to kill someone to join the gang. Liam attempts to do so, but is stopped by the gang, who inform him it was a test—which he has passed.

Liam, Chantelle, Calum and Suzanne (Chantelle's friend) drive to the caravan for a picnic, only to discover that it has been burned down. Liam believes Stan did it. That evening, Pinball turns up in Tony's stolen car, telling Liam that he wants revenge. He proceeds to crash the car into the health club. Liam speaks to Tony in the morning and is ordered to kill Pinball. The next morning, Pinball—aware of Liam's intentions—tries to stab Liam, before proudly revealing that he burnt down the caravan. He then cuts his own face in rage. Liam reassures his injured friend after phoning for an ambulance, but he then notifies Tony that the deed has "been done", implying that he has indeed murdered Pinball.

Tony promises to buy Liam an upscale apartment, and on the day before his birthday, Liam's mother is released from prison and taken to this new house on the coast of Gourock where she is welcomed with a party. She appears uneasy, and the next morning is found to have escaped to Stan's house. Liam blames this on Chantelle, who is now fully aware that Liam is dealing drugs. She attempts to warn him about their mother probably not being so thankful for Liam's efforts because she is too devoted to Stan, but this only provokes Liam further. An enraged Liam goes to Stan's house, trying to convince his mother to return to their new home, only to be insulted by Stan. In a struggle, Liam stabs Stan.

Liam walks alone on the beach. He is phoned by Chantelle, who reminds him that it is his 16th birthday on that day, meaning he can be tried in court as an adult. She also tells him that the police have been looking for him, and that despite everything that he has done, Chantelle still loves him. He walks towards the sea.

Cast

 * Martin Compston as Liam
 * Annmarie Fulton as Chantelle
 * William Ruane as Pinball
 * Junior Walker as Nighttime
 * Gary McCormack as Stan

Soundtrack

 * "The Arrival of the Night Queen from The Magic Flute" by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Performed by Failoni Kamerazenekar and Helen Kwon
 * "I'll Stand by You" – Written by Tom Kelly, Billy Steinberg and Chrissie Hynde – Performed by the Pretenders
 * "Burn in Hell" – Written by Otten/Skog/Tell/Torstensen – Performed by Clawfinger
 * "Dogman" – Written by Tristan Hervo – Performed by Wide Open Cage
 * "Bushes" – Written by Markus Nikolai, Theo Krieger, Clair Dietrich – Performed by Markus Nikolai
 * "Ain't No Love (Ain't No Use)" – Written by Melanie Williams, Jimi Goodwin, Jez Williams, Andy Williams – Performed by Sub Sub featuring Melanie Williams
 * "Let Me Entertain You" – Written by Robbie Williams and Guy Chambers – Performed by Robbie Williams
 * "You Stole the Sun from My Heart" – Written by James Dean Bradfield, Nicky Wire, Sean Moore – Performed by Manic Street Preachers
 * "I Go to Sleep" – Written and composed by Ray Davies – Performed by the Pretenders

Reception
Sweet Sixteen premiered at the UGC in central Glasgow on 1 October 2002. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 97% based on 88 reviews, with an average rating of 7.9/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "A bleak, but heartbreaking coming-of-age tale that resonates with truth." Sweet Sixteen was nominated for the Palme d'Or and won the Best Screenplay Award at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival. Sweet Sixteen inspired Italian singer-songwriter Lucio Dalla for the 2007 song "Liam".

Criticism of BBFC classification
Use of the words fuck (313 times) and cunt (about 20 times) led the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) to forbid the film to viewers under the age of 18. Spain followed this decision, but other countries, like France and Germany (not under 12) had a different rating system. Loach and Paul Laverty protested against the British procedure in The Guardian.

Laverty asserted that this was "censorship" and "class prejudice" because he obtained plenty of information to write his screenplay from people around Scotland, many of whom were not 18, and were therefore denied the opportunity to see the film. The BBFC acknowledged that there is some variation across the United Kingdom in how offensive some words are perceived, but stood by the 18 certificate and argued that most of the publicity around the film was "mostly generated by the disgruntled film-maker".

Screenings in Inverclyde, Martin Compston's birthplace, where the film was shot, were shown under a 15 certificate.

title: Sweet Sixteen (2002 film)


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Vranov nad Topľou District

Vranov nad Topľou District (okres Vranov nad Topľou) is a district in the Prešov Region of eastern Slovakia. Until 1918, the district was mostly part of the county of Kingdom of Hungary of Zemplén, apart from an area around Hanušovce nad Topľou which formed part of the county of Sáros.

Municipalities

 * Babie
 * Banské
 * Benkovce
 * Bystré
 * Cabov
 * Čaklov
 * Čičava
 * Čierne nad Topľou
 * Davidov
 * Detrík
 * Dlhé Klčovo
 * Ďapalovce
 * Ďurďoš
 * Giglovce
 * Girovce
 * Hanušovce nad Topľou (town)
 * Hencovce
 * Hermanovce nad Topľou
 * Hlinné
 * Holčíkovce
 * Jasenovce
 * Jastrabie nad Topľou
 * Juskova Voľa
 * Kamenná Poruba
 * Kladzany
 * Komárany
 * Kučín
 * Kvakovce
 * Majerovce
 * Malá Domaša
 * Matiaška
 * Medzianky
 * Merník
 * Michalok
 * Nižný Hrabovec
 * Nižný Hrušov
 * Nižný Kručov
 * Nová Kelča
 * Ondavské Matiašovce
 * Pavlovce
 * Petkovce
 * Petrovce
 * Piskorovce
 * Poša
 * Prosačov
 * Radvanovce
 * Rafajovce
 * Remeniny
 * Rudlov
 * Ruská Voľa
 * Sačurov
 * Sečovská Polianka
 * Sedliská
 * Skrabské
 * Slovenská Kajňa
 * Soľ
 * Štefanovce
 * Tovarné
 * Tovarnianska Polianka
 * Vavrinec
 * Vechec
 * Vlača
 * Vranov nad Topľou
 * Vyšný Kazimír
 * Vyšný Žipov
 * Zámutov
 * Zlatník
 * Žalobín

title: Vranov nad Topľou District


text:
Sitapur district

Sitapur district is one of the districts which is situated in Uttar Pradesh state of India, with Sitapur town as the district headquarters. Sitapur district is a part of Lucknow division.

History
Sitapur was first constituted as a district by the British after their takeover of Oudh State in February 1856. Before that, under the Mughal Empire and then the Nawabs of Awadh, the area had been divided between multiple administrative units. Even earlier, under the Delhi Sultanate, it appears that the territory of the current district was part of the province of Bahraich, but this is unclear because contemporary sources do not mention this area.

During the reign of Akbar, the area of today's Sitapur district was divided between four sarkars, all in the Subah of Awadh. Most of it was in the sarkar of Khairabad: this area comprised the mahals of Haveli Khairabad, Hargam, Laharpur, Biswan, Machhrehta, Sitapur (called "Chhitiapur" in the Ain-i-Akbari), Sadrpur, Nimkhar (a large territory including the later parganas of Aurangabad, Misrikh, and Maholi), and Kharkila (later Korauna). The later pargana of Gundlamau is "untraceable" but was probably divided between Nimkhar and Machhrehta. In addition, the pargana of Chandra was then part of Gopamau in today's Hardoi district, which was also in Khairabad sarkar. A few mahals belonged to Lucknow sarkar: Bari, Manwan, Bahrimau (later Pirnagar; name changed under Jahangir), Bangaon, and Ramkot (included in Lucknow for some reason, although surrounded on all sides by Khairabad). Additionally, the mahal of Fatehpur, in today's Barabanki district, included part of Mahmudabad pargana, which now forms part of Sitapur. The mahal of Qila Nawagarh, comprising the later parganas of Tambaur and Kondri North, was part of Bahraich sarkar; finally, Kondri South was part of Sailuk mahal in the sarkar of Awadh.

A few parganas would be established later: for example, Mahmudabad was split off from Fatehpur, during the reign of Jahangir, and Kondri was formed out of Sailuk in 1739, during the reign of Saadat Khan I. Aurangabad pargana, originally part of Nimkhar, was split off by the taluqdars Muhammad Bakhsh and Qutb Muhammad several generations after the town's foundation in 1670.

The basic administrative setup, though, remained intact until the reign of Asaf-ud-Daula in the late 1700s. Under the later Mughal emperors and then the Nawabs of Awadh, Khairabad remained a relatively unimportant command, rarely mentioned in contemporary sources. It was not a very prestigious posting — when Safdar Jang appointed his subject Hidayat Ali Khan as faujdar of Khairabad, Hidayat Ali Khan was less than enthusiastic. Later, Asaf-ud-Daula divided his country into various chaklas and nizamats; the three chaklas that included areas of Sitapur district were Muhamdi, Khairabad, and Bari-Biswan.

After the British annexed Awadh in 1856, they selected Sitapur to serve as the headquarters of a new district in Khairabad division. The area between the Chauka and Ghaghra rivers briefly formed a separate district based at Mallanpur, which was part of Bahraich Division. It was decided before the 1857 uprising to abolish Mallanpur district, but it was not carried out until 1858 after the end of the conflict, and the parts south of the Dahawar were annexed to Sitapur.

From then on, and still in effect as of the early 1900s, Sitapur consisted of four tehsils and 21 parganas: Misrikh tehsil in the west (with parganas Maholi, Chandra, Misrikh, Aurangabad, Korauna, Machhrehta, and Gundlamau), Sitapur tehsil in the north and center (with parganas Sitapur, Ramkot, Pirnagar, Khairabad, Hargam, and Laharpur), Sidhauli tehsil in the south and southeast (with parganas Bari, Manwan, Mahmudabad, Sadrpur, and Kondri South), and Biswan tehsil in the east (with parganas Biswan, Tambaur, and Kondri North).

Geography
Sitapur is located at 27.57°N 80.68°E. It test has an average elevation of 138 meters (452 feet). It is located in the Gangetic Plain, with elevations ranging from 150 m above sea level in the north-west to 100 m in the south-east. It is intersected by numerous streams and ravines and contains many shallow ponds and natural reservoirs, which overflow during the rainy seasons, but become dry, in some places, in the hot season. Except in the eastern portion, which lies in the doabs between the Kewani and the Chauka, and the Ghaghra and the Chauka rivers, the soil is semi arid. Even this moist tract is interspersed with patches of land covered with saline efflorescence called reh.

Drainage
The monotony of featureless plain of upper Ganga valley is preserved throughout the district. At places this monotony is broken by Small River like Kathana, Sarayan and Gomati. Sandy stretches are found along the rivers and locally known as s. the region in general is a part of well integrated system of the river Ganga. Gomti is the most important tributary flows in the eastern part of the district and engulfs above mentioned small rivers. Ghaghara forms the eastern boundary of the district. There are five rivers flowing through the district of Sitapur: Gomti, Kathana, Pirai, Sarayan, Ghaghra and Sharda.

Climate
The gradual rise in temperature starts in the months of February and becomes more rapid by March and April unless checked by more humid easterlies. The local hot and gusty winds, locally known as, result in hot and scorching weather. The condition is aggravated further by presence of meager relative humidity (40%). The district of the study does not show much influence of Himalaya which otherwise tend to lower the temperatures in the places nearby as in the case of Meerut and Gonda.

The pre-monsoon showers are meager and this along with low humidity accentuates the impact of which at times changes into heat waves with exceptionally high temperature. The rainy season commences in the latter half of the June at different dates which are too difficult to be predicted. It brings relief to the people by lowering the temperatures up to 30 °C. The rainfall decreases southward and westward in the region. There is a dominance of Bay of Bengal currents. This season comes to an end by October with a sudden fall in temperature and amount of rainfall. Soon after the winter conditions settle in at times cold waves and westerly disturb the general monotony of the winters. The showers due to western depressions are very useful for the crop in the region. The average rainfall in the study area varies between 105 cm to 150 cm.

Political and administrative divisions
The district is divided into seven tehsils namely Sitapur, Biswan, Maholi, Mishrikh, Laharpur, Mahmudabad and Sidhauli and 19 blocks namely Pisawan, Maholi, Misrikh, Machhrehta, Gondlamau, Ailiya, Hargaon, Parsendi, Khairabad, Laharpur, Behta, Reusa, Sakran, Biswan, Pahala, Mahmudabad, Rampur Mathura, Kasmanda and Sidhauli. There are 2348 census villages and 1329 Gram Panchayats in the district. Sitapur has nine seats in Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha. These nine constituencies are:
 * Biswan,
 * Hargaon,
 * Laharpur,
 * Mahmoodabad,
 * Maholi,
 * Misrikh,
 * Sevata,
 * Sidhauli and
 * Sitapur,

The district is divided into four Lok Sabha seats:
 * Sitapur Lok Sabha constituency includes Sitapur, Laharpur, Biswan, Sewta and Mahmoodabad Vidhan Sabha seats,
 * Dhaurahra Lok Sabha constituency includes Maholi and Hargaon Vidhan Sabha seat from Sitapur district,
 * Mohanlalganj Lok Sabha constituency includes Sidhauli Vidhan Sabha seat from Sitapur district,
 * Misrikh Lok Sabha constituency includes Misrikh seat from Sitapur district.

Demographics
As of 2011 India census, Sitapur district has population of 4,483,992 of which male and female are 2,375,264 and 2,108,728 respectively. District Sitapur ranks 8th in terms of population in Uttar Pradesh. The density of Sitapur district for 2011 is 781 people per km2. In 2001, it was about 630 people per km2. Sitapur town/city has a population of 1,77,351. Males constitute 52.67% of the population and females 47.41%. Sitapur has an average literacy rate of 61%, lower than the national average of 74.04%. Female literacy is about 50%. In Sitapur, 16.6% of the population was under 6 years of age. Sitapur has a sex ratio of 888 females per 1000 males. 11.84% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes made up 32.26% of the population. There are 801,764 households in the district accounting for 2.4 percent of the total households in the state. The average size of households in the district is 5.6 persons.

Urbanization
Out of the total Sitapur population, the percentage share of urban population in the district is 11.8% as against 22.3 percent of the population in urban areas of the state. The district has 12 towns out of them 11 are statutory and one town is a census town.

According to housing census, 2011, total 723 families live on footpath or without any roof cover in the district. The total Population of all who lived without roof at the time of Census 2011 is 3,460. This is approximately 0.08% of the total population of Sitapur district.

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Sitapur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Religion
Hindus constitute about 79% of total population of the district and Muslims are about 20% of the total population. In Sitapur, Hindus and Muslims work together in the carpet industry. The district has a concentration of fakirs.

Languages
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 93.12% of the population in the district spoke Hindi (or a related language) and 5.62% Urdu as their first language.

Languages spoken here include Awadhi, a vernacular in the Hindi continuum spoken by over 98 million people, mainly in the Awadh region. Sanskrit, Punjabi and English are also understood among a minuscule minority. Apart from Hindi, English is now part of curricula in most government and private schools.

Agriculture
Agriculture is the primary activity in the district, with wheat, rice, and urad being the staple crops with sugarcane, mustard and groundnuts as cash crops. The crop area of peppermint is also rapidly increasing especially in eastern part of the district. Narrow tracts of sandy soils in the valley of rivers produce potato, groundnuts and ginger. Banana plantations are becoming popular among farmers recently.

Industry
As far as industries are concerned, most of them are based on raw agricultural products. Plywood, sugar, paper, rice, flour mills are scattered all over the district. There are several sugar mills, mostly owned by private firms. The only cooperative sugar mill in the town of Maholi closed down a few years ago due to loss.

Sugar mills
There are several sugar mills in the district.

Hargaon sugar mill
Located in the heart of Hargaon town, it is also known as the Oudh Sugar Mills Limited (OSML). It belongs to the renowned K.K. Birla Group of Sugar Companies. It has a crushing capacity of about 10,000 tonnes of sugarcane per day. It also produces 100 kiloliter per day industrial alcohol/ethanol in its distillery and 15 MW electricity using its co-gen power plant.

Ramgarh sugar mill
Also known as Dalmia Chini Mill, it was the first sugar plant of Dalmia Group established in the year 1994 in the village Ramgarh which is approximately 40 kilometers from the district headquarter in Sitapur town. This plant has a cane crushing capacity of 7500 tonnes of sugarcane per day and an installed generation capacity of 25 MW. The mill started its first cane crushing on 28 December 1994 to manufacture plantation white sugar, using the double sulphitation process. It also has co-generation facility. The export of electricity started in October 2007. Co-generation takes place only during crushing season simultaneously with production of white sugar.

Jawaharpur sugar mill
Apart from the unit at Ramgarh village, Dalmia Group in 2007 set up another unit in a village near Ramkot town which is only 14 kilometers away from Sitapur on the Sitapur-Hardoi Road. The Jawaharpur sugar factory unit has a cane crushing capacity of 100000 tonnes of sugarcane per day and co-gen capacity of 27 MW. It also has a distillery capacity of 80 kiloliter per day.

Biswan sugar factory
The Seksaria Sugar Factory, a private limited company composed of members of the Seksaria family, located in Biswan town. It was established in 1939.

Mahmudabad sugar mill
The Kisan Sahkari Chini Mills Limited, Mahmudabad was established under U.P. Cooperative Societies Act, 1965 and its first crushing season was 1982–83. The factory is situated at Mahmoodabad Tehsil of Sitapur District and its present crushing capacity is 2750 tonne of sugarcane per day.

Kamlapur sugar mill
The Kamlapur mill in has a capacity of crushing 4,000 tonne of sugar cane a day and also a 6 MW power generating plant.

Kraft Paper Plant
J. B. Daruka Papers Limited have set up a Kraft Paper Plant near a village called Advenia Grant. It consists of an agro-based paper plant (Capacity 50 TPD).

Rail network
The district is traversed by broad gauge train network connecting Gorakhpur and Delhi via Gonda, Burhwal, bypassing Lucknow and Hardoi. The major towns of the district Sidhauli, Mishrikh, Maholi, Hargaon, Biswan, Mahmudabad etc.are well connected with rails. Tamabur-Ahmedabad is not connected with rails. Broad Gauge conversion from Lucknow to Sitapur and Mailani has been completed and Lucknow to Sitapur commenced on 09-Jan-2019.

Road network
Towns and villages within the district are now well-linked through major district roads (MDR) and metaled rural roads. Most of the roads are in good condition. The National Highway No. 24 (Lucknow - Delhi) passes from the heart of Sitapur district. This highway is open to public.

Nearest airport
Sitapur does not have any airport of its own. Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport, Lucknow is the nearest airport. It takes almost an hour and a half to reach Sitapur by car.

Historical places
According to Hindu mythology, Puranas were written by Rishi Ved Vyas at Vyas Gaddi in modern-day Naimisharanya. Sitapur is one of the five sacred places the Hindus have to visit in their Panch Dham Yatra journey. Misrikh, near Naimisharanya, holds its religious significance due to the belief that Maharshi Dadhichi donated his bones to Devatas for making Vajras. And many more temples in the villages in the district where annual fairs are organised.
 * Mishrikh is a religious place 10 km from Namisharanya. Maharishi Dadhichi Asharam and Sitakund are holy pilgrimage of this place.
 * Namisharanya is a centre of religious and knowledge. There are 30,000 religious sites here. Some important holy places at Namisharanya are as follows:
 * Suraj Kund Temple is near to Nawab Nagar, Akabarpur, a famous temple of SHIV JI, Bajrang Bali
 * Pachhakhare BABA is near to Nyamupur Kalan, a famous temple of Shiv, Hanuman, and Durga. Om Sai Dham, Gayatri Mandir is also famous at Nyamupur.
 * Chakratirth is the holiest in the Naimisharanya. It is said that Lord Vishnu's chakra fell on this pious land and created a round kund which is named Chakra Tirth.
 * Goshai Baba: (Khairullapur)
 * Lalita Devi Temple is one of the Shaktipeeths.
 * Panch Prayag: This pond is situated near the Lalita Devi temple.
 * Hanuman Gharhi: This is near Lalita Devi temple.
 * Manu Shatroopa Temple: This is situated near Vyas Gaddi.
 * Dev Puri: This is situated near Railway Station.
 * Tirupati Mandir: This is situated near Dev Puri.
 * Aanand Bhawan: It has 18 Upnishad and Purans kept.
 * Shyamnathan Mandir: This Shiv Temple was built 300–400 years ago in old Sitapur City (Munshiganj). The temple has the Nagar style of temple architecture.
 * Vyas Gaddi is located near sitapur in Mishrikh tehseel where Rishi Vyas divided Vedas into four parts.
 * Jangli Nath Baba is located near Police Line crossing. It is a temple of Shiva.
 * Khairabad: A small town famous for its Sufi heritage. Dargah bade Maqdoom saheb is one of them. Imaambara Makka jamadaar, ghuyya Tali, Imam bara Aaga Ali, Niazia school, Pakka bagh, Dargah chote Maqdoom and Dargah Hafiz Mohd. Ali shah.
 * Karam court: The place where the famous badminton player Karam Gopichand practiced badminton in the early years of his career. Now people is visiting this place to start their 'Vidyarambha' in Badminton. People collect the soil where Karam's footprints were once made. He is now practising in the Tampines stadium in Singapore. Sitapur is more famous by its alias 'Karamgrad' among Russians.
 * Shivshakti Mandir in Jogapur, Thangaon
 * Biswan has a famous temple of Lord Shiva known as Patthar Shivala.
 * Sidhauli also has a famous ancient Lord Shiva temple.

Famous personalities

 * Acharya Narendra Dev
 * Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
 * Jan Nisar Akhtar, Urdu poet
 * Salman Akhtar, psychoanalyst
 * Muztar Khairabadi, Urdu poet
 * Manoj Kumar Pandey, Param Veer Chakra
 * Raja Todar Mal, finance minister and one of the Navratn in Emperor Akbar's court
 * Wajahat Mirza, screenwriter and film director, won Filmfare awards for Mughal-e-Azam and Ganga Jamuna
 * Mahesh Prasad Mehray, Padma Vibhushan, founder of Sitapur Eye Hospital
 * Narottam Das, poet

Filmography
1. Umrao Jaan (2006 film) 2. Dedh Ishqiya 3. Kagaz (Shooting Near Biswan)

Photography

title: Sitapur district


text:
User talk:Hagen~enwiki

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Hagen. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Hagen~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:14, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Jxwd
Hello Hagen,

I wanted to let you know that I just tagged Jxwd for deletion, because the article doesn't clearly say why the subject is important enough to be included in an encyclopedia.

If you feel that the article shouldn't be deleted and want more time to work on it, you can contest this deletion, but please don't remove the speedy deletion tag from the top.

You can leave a note on my talk page if you have questions. WMartin74 (talk) 15:41, 24 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:34, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hagen~enwiki


text:
Talk:Sitapur district

English
Sitapur 2409:4063:6E8F:5C7B:547A:313F:2016:AF2B (talk) 02:43, 26 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sitapur district


text:
Lauricocha

Lauricocha (in hispanicized spelling) or Lawriqucha (Quechua for "bluish lake") may refer to:

Lakes

 * Lake Lauricocha, in Huánuco, Peru
 * Lauricocha (Ancash), in the Ancash Region, Peru

Rivers

 * Lawriqucha River

Places

 * Lauricocha Province, a province in Peru
 * Lauricocha (Huánuco), a village in Peru
 * Lauricocha Culture, a sequence of cultural periods of Peru in the Huánuco area

Others

 * Margos-yarowilca-lauricocha - a language spoken by ca 80,000 Margos Chaulan Quechua in Peru

title: Lauricocha


text:
Talk:Pilibhit

use of scrolling lists in ref/extlinks and similar sections
As per WP:MOS (see Citing_sources), all these sections should not have scrolling lists. I removed them, but one ip user has reverted those changes. I am going to remove them again, and if it gets reverted, I'll bring this to the attention of administrators.--GDibyendu (talk) 09:33, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

Culture related details
Please also provide culture of Pilibhit related details in the article. --GanpatiM (talk • contribs) 04:58, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

- we have included culture related details in the article Makks2010 (talk • contribs) 06:26, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

Demographics
Please include the religious and concise details of the Pilibhit Area. Isn't this a basic for the demographic section. India07 (talk) 10:08, 18 March 2009 (UTC)India07

- we have included religious and area related details in the article Makks2010 (talk) 10:20, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

Style issues
I have done a big clean up on this article today to bring it more in line with the Manual of Style and its associated manuals, including: I encourage editors to become more familiar with the Manual of Style before reverting my edits. Thanks. Ground Zero | t 04:33, 18 December 2009 (UTC)
 * removed repeated links an link to plain English words per WP:OVERLINK
 * removed incorrect boldfacing per WP:BOLDFACE
 * removed links to acronyms -- these were either links to disambiguation pages or to the wrong articles, e.g., it is incorrect to link to PSP to describe a political party -- this is a link to the article on "PlayStation Portable", which has nothing to do with Indian politics
 * fixed the capitalisation of headings per WP:HEAD
 * fixed the formatting of dates and numbers per WP:MOSNUM

I have fixed a number of these problems again today, corrected spelling and punctuation, and addressed the horrendous overlinking as explained below. Ground Zero | t 12:35, 16 January 2010 (UTC)

Linking

 * The Guide to writing better articles says: "When you do create links, link only one or a few instances of the same term; don't link all instances of it."
 * Avoiding common mistakes warns against "Over-Wikifying": "Wikipedia thrives on internal links, but keep it within reason."
 * Also, links should be made only where they are relevant to the article, and not to every word. See Make only links relevant to the context.

WP:OVERLINK specifically says:
 * "Unless they are particularly relevant to the topic of the article, it is generally inappropriate to link:
 * plain English words;
 * terms whose meaning would be understood by almost all readers;
 * items that would be familiar to most readers, such as the names of major geographic features and locations, religions, languages, common professions and common units of measurement (particularly if a conversion is provided);
 * dates."

Ground Zero | t 12:35, 16 January 2010 (UTC)

Clean up of article
I have begun doing a thorough clean up of the article to correct the grammar, punctuation, capitalisation and sentence structure. Some of the article does not make any sense at all, and some of it is just not written in correct English.

I have reverted Makks2010's most recent edits because there were too many grammatical errors being made. Here are some of them: Editors cannot just throw into the article whatever they want and expect others to fix their errors. Editors should make every effort to use proper grammar, puctuation, captitalisation and sentence structure, or expect that their edits will be reverted. I will continue the clean up of the article shortly. Ground Zero | t 17:18, 22 January 2010 (UTC)
 * "boys's/girls'" -- "boys's" is not correct punctuation
 * "as well as co-educational" -- the adjective "co-educational" doesn't modify any noun in the sentence.
 * "Law college, a Nursing college and one Management school and a few college for Science, Commerce and Art" -- it is incorrect to capitalise these words. They are not proper nouns in this sentence.
 * "affiliated with MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly." -- this is not a complete sentence. A sentence must have a predicate, i.e., a main verb that indicates an action.
 * "but its a bit backward in the area of industry" -- "its" is the possessive form of "it": 'the dog ate its dinner'. "It's" means "it is": 'it's a bit backward'.
 * "sections of that line was removed" -- it is the sections that were removed, not the line that was removed.

Coordinate error
The following coordinate fixes are needed for

28.627,79.805

—66.104.254.34 (talk) 03:24, 2 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I see that you've emended the coodinates yourself. All is well. Deor (talk) 12:34, 2 November 2011 (UTC)

References misleading
Many reference links are either dead or misleading. Please look into this. It looks like someone has added name sake references. Shawrix (talk) 16:32, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Yet another clean up
This article appears to have two major contributors over a long period of time. It has also had several big clean ups, made by other contributors with experience. I have just cleaned it up yet again, albeit the task is incomplete. Please, please take heed of the past notes above and on your talk pages. Thanks. - Sitush (talk) 12:49, 20 September 2012 (UTC)

Revert of recent contributions
I regret having to revert this article to its "last best" state. That state was far from perfect and there probably were decent contributions buried among the mass of stuff added thereafter. However, the contributors here really need to get a grip on some of our policies are guidelines. For example: I could go on: this thing is pretty poor despite the obvious enthusiasm of those who contribute. I am afraid that I will be gutting a fair amount of the current content unless others can assist in resolving the issues that remain. Sorry. - Sitush (talk) 00:30, 4 March 2013 (UTC)
 * 1) verifiability
 * 2) reliable sources
 * 3) keeping focus and avoiding indiscriminate collections of information
 * 4) the use of honorific titles
 * 5) when it is and when it is not appropriate to provide multiple sources for a statement
 * 6) our "See also" procedure
 * 7) how we handle dates

 * OK, a lot of the crap reappeared and so I've begun to gut the thing. - Sitush (talk) 12:45, 16 June 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Pilibhit


text:
Talk:Jesse Boot, 1st Baron Trent

Probable Error
"John Boot offered his close friend and business associate John Harston, the opportunity of going into business with him, but Barrett declined, feeling the venture was not worth investing in" - the 2 halves of the sentence seem to refer to different people. Is "Barrett" the same person as John Harston, or is something missing here? Rodparkes (talk) 05:22, 13 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20030823050106/http://www.boots-plc.com/information/info.asp?Level4ID=12 to http://www.boots-plc.com/information/info.asp?Level4ID=12
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20040310070321/http://www.pharmj.com/pdf/xmas2002/pj_20021221_boots.pdf to http://www.pharmj.com/pdf/xmas2002/pj_20021221_boots.pdf

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title: Talk:Jesse Boot, 1st Baron Trent


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Charlie Dodd

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete · Katefan0(scribble) 04:06, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Charlie Dodd
Hoax. (Compare Special:Whatlinkshere/Charlie_Dodd and also Tiffin Boys' School. The dates don't match (the school opened in 1880), and the image cries hoax, too.) Delete unless verified. Lupo 09:57, 29 September 2005 (UTC) Do not delete-I have put in correct dates corresponding to when he lived. Somebody had been lying, he never went to Tiffin school but he was minister on the council of leicester. I can't verify if he was minister of transport but he was on the council. P.s He did not die from liver failure, that is somebodies idea of a "joke". Grabbo
 * Delete. Shall we start with the poll tax? Obviously, Dodd was not a pioneer of the poll tax because he supposedly lived in the 1800s while the poll tax is from the middle ages. Otherwise, I wasn't able to verify any of the info, and had it been true it should have been easy to do so. I think we can safely say this article is a complete fabrication. Sjakkalle (Check!)  10:46, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Dottore So 16:04, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I cannot confirm Mr.Dodd's attendance at any particular School, nor Tiffin Boys' Schoool. However, having a flatmate that Studied in Leicester, who worked part-time in the House of Records, I can confirm that Mr.Dodd is indeed mentioned as being on the council for at least 2 terms, I am planning a trip to Leicester soon, and shall post my findings on his status as Minister for Transport. Dupe
 * Comment reverted vandalism on this vote. -- Sliggy 17:50, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I can find no reference to this person as described in the (revised) article, and there is suspiciously little detail about the "drastic railway reforms" introduced by Mr. Dodd. Sliggy 18:32, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No Google hits on "Charlie Dodd" + "Minister of Transport". - Andre Engels 08:16, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Chiang Hsiao-yung

Chiang Hsiao-yung (also known as Eddie Chiang; October, 1948 – December 22, 1996) was a politician of the Republic of China.

Biography
Chiang was born in Shanghai, Republic of China in 1948. He was the third son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother was Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had two older brothers, Hsiao-wen and Hsiao-wu, and one older sister, Hsiao-chang. He also had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.

After a brief political career in the Kuomintang in 1988, he emigrated to Canada with his family. In 1996, he died in Taiwan at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital as a result of esophageal cancer, aged 48. He was survived by his wife Chiang Fang Chi-yi and three sons.

, Chiang Fang Chi-yi is a member of the Kuomintang Central Committee while his eldest son Demos Chiang is a successful designer and businessman. Andrew Chiang, his youngest son, was charged with making threatening comments against the faculty of the Taipei American School through email and Facebook in 2013. He was convicted in 2015, and fined NT$183,000.

title: Chiang Hsiao-yung


text:
Cultivar group

A Group (previously cultivar-group ) is a formal category in the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) used for cultivated plants (cultivars) that share a defined characteristic. It is represented in a botanical name by the symbol Group or Gp. "Group" or "Gp" is always written with a capital G in a botanical name, or epithet. The Group is not italicized in a plant's name. The ICNCP introduced the term and symbol "Group" in 2004, as a replacement for the lengthy and hyphenated "cultivar-group", which had previously been the category's name since 1969. For the old name "cultivar-group", the non-standard abbreviation '''cv. group or cv. Group''' is also sometimes encountered. There is a slight difference in meaning, since a cultivar-group was defined to comprise cultivars, whereas a Group may include individual plants. The cultivar-groups, in turn, replaced the similar category convariety (convar.), which did not necessarily contain named varieties.

The ICNCP distinguishes between the terms "group" and "Group", a "group" being "an informal taxon not recognized in the ICBN", while a "Group" is the formal taxon defined by the ICNCP (see above).

This categorization does not apply to plant taxonomy generally, only to horticultural and agricultural contexts. Any given Group may have a different taxonomic classification, such as a subspecific name (typically a form or variety name, given in italics) after the genus and species.

A Group is usually united by a distinct common trait, and often includes members of more than one species within a genus. For example, early flowering cultivars in the genus Iris form the Iris Dutch Group. A plant species that loses its taxonomic status in botany, but still has agricultural or horticultural value, meets the criteria for a cultivar group, and its former botanical name can be reused as the name of its cultivar group. For example, Hosta fortunei is usually no longer recognized as a species, and the ICNCP states that the epithet fortunei can be used to form Hosta Fortunei Group.

Orthography
Every word in a Group name is capitalized (unless that conflicts with linguistic custom; for example, lower-case is used after a hyphen in a hyphenated term, like "Red-skinned", and for conjunctions and prepositions except in the first word of the name). This is followed by the capitalized word "Group". The combined Group name is not italicized or otherwise stylized, and follows the italicized Latin epithet. It can also be used after a vernacular name for the species, genus, or other category. Examples:
 * Lilium Darkest Red Group
 * Neofinetia falcata Hariba Group
 * hollyhock Chater's Double Group

"Group" may be abbreviated "Gp" (without a terminal  character). A cultivar group may be surrounded by parentheses (round brackets) for clarity in long epithets: ICNCP illustrates this order consistently, though in actual practice the cultivar name in single quotation marks may come before that of the cultivar group (with or without parentheses):
 * Solanum tuberosum (Maincrop Group) 'Desiree'
 * Solanum tuberosum 'Desiree' Maincrop Group

"Group" is translated in non-English material, and uses the word order of the language in question, but is always capitalized. Translation may or may not be applied to the name itself. For example, "Chater's Double Group" may appear as "Groupe Chater's Double" in French (retaining the English name but translating "Group" and using French word order), yet with full translation as "Chaters Doppelte Gruppe" in German.

Groups are not necessarily mutually exclusive. For example, the same potato may be designated Solanum tuberosum Maincrop Group, or Solanum tuberosum Red-skinned Group, or given with both as Solanum tuberosum Maincrop Red-skinned Group, "depending on the purpose of the classification used".

title: Cultivar group


text:
M. C. Bradbrook

Muriel Clara Bradbrook (1909–1993), usually cited as M. C. Bradbrook, was a British literary scholar and authority on Shakespeare. She was Professor of English at Cambridge University, and Mistress of Girton College, Cambridge.

Biography
Born on 27 April 1909, Bradbrook was the eldest child of Annie Wilson (née Harvey) and her husband Samuel Bradbrook, superintendent of HM Waterguard. She was educated at Hutcheson’s Girls’ School, Glasgow, and Oldershaw High School, Wallasey. Between 1927 and 1930 she studied English at Girton College, Cambridge, graduating with first-class honours in both parts of the Cambridge Tripos. She remained at Girton College as a Carlisle Scholar and subsequently as an Ottilie Hancock Research Fellow between 1930 and 1935, obtaining her PhD in 1933. She spent a year at Oxford before returning to Girton College as Lecturer in English and Fellow in 1936. She remained in Cambridge apart from a period working in London for the Board of Trade during the Second World War. By that time, she had already published five major works of literary criticism and throughout the 1950s and 60s she continued to publish on Shakespeare and the Elizabethans.

In all, she wrote some 17 books, including works on Ibsen, Lowry and Conrad. She was appointed a University Lecturer by University of Cambridge in 1948, a Reader in 1962, and Professor of English in 1965 (the first female professor in the Faculty of English). She held visiting professorships at numerous universities, including Santa Cruz, Tokyo, and Rhodes, South Africa, and received honorary degrees from many more. During her period of office as Mistress, Girton College celebrated its centenary (for which she wrote a history, That Infidel Place ) and the decision was taken to admit men. She retired in 1976 and became a Life Fellow of Girton College. She died on 11 June 1993.

Recognition
In 2016, the Council of the University of Cambridge approved the use of Bradbrook's name to mark a physical feature within the North West Cambridge Development.

Works

 * Elizabethan Stage Conditions: A Study of Their Place in the Interpretation of Shakespeare's Plays (1932)
 * Themes and Conventions of Elizabethan Tragedy (1935)
 * The School of Night: A Study in the Literature Relationships of Sir Walter Raleigh (1936)
 * Andrew Marvell (1940) with M. G. Lloyd Thomas
 * Joseph Conrad: Poland's English Genius (1941)
 * Ibsen - The Norwegian : A Revaluation (1946)
 * T. S. Eliot (1950)
 * Shakespeare and Elizabethan Poetry: A Study of His Earlier Work in Relation to the Poetry of the Time (1951)
 * Themes & Convention of Elizabethan Tragedy (1952)
 * The Queen's Garland : Tudor Poems Now Collected in Honour of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (1953) editor
 * The Growth and Structure of Elizabethan Comedy (1955)
 * Sir Thomas Malory (1958)
 * The Rise of the Common Player: A Study of Actor and Society in Shakespeare's England  (1962)
 * English Dramatic Form: A History of Its Development (1965)
 * Shakespeare's Primitive Art (1965)
 * The Tragic Pageant of 'Timon of Athens' (1966)
 * That Infidel Place - a Short History of Girton College 1869 – 1969 (1969)
 * Shakespeare the Craftsman  (1969) Clark Lectures 1968
 * Literature in Action: Studies in Continental and Commonwealth Society (1972)
 * T.S. Eliot: the Making of 'The Waste Land' (1972)
 * Malcolm Lowry: His art and Early Life - a study in transformation (1974)
 * The Living Monument : Shakespeare and the Theatre of His Time (1976)
 * George Chapman (1977)
 * Shakespeare : The Poet in His World (1978)
 * In defence of Plato's love in modern literature (1979)
 * John Webster, Citizen and Dramatist (1980)
 * The Artist and Society in Shakespeare's England (1982) Collected Papers I
 * Women and Literature 1779-1982 (1982) Collected Papers II
 * Aspects of Dramatic Form in the English and Irish Renaissance (1983) Collected Papers III
 * Muriel Bradbrook on Shakespeare (1984)
 * Shakespeare in His Context: The Constellated Globe (1989) Collected Papers IV

Portraits of Muriel Bradbrook

 * Portrait by Bassano, 9 January 1969, National Portrait Gallery, London.
 * Portrait by Bassano, 9 January 1969, National Portrait Gallery, London.
 * Portrait by Mayotte Magnus, August 1976, National Portrait Gallery, London.

title: M. C. Bradbrook


text:
Wool (band)

Wool was an American rock band from Washington, D.C., and based in Los Angeles. The band was active from 1990 to 1996 and specialized in a rough hewn but melodic brand of punk-based hard rock.

History
Wool formed in the early 1990s when brothers Pete and Franz Stahl (vocals/guitar and guitar/vocals, respectively) were forced to terminate their popular band Scream after bassist Skeeter Thompson left the band and after drummer Dave Grohl joined Seattle grunge band Nirvana midway through a U.S. tour.

The brothers then teamed up with drummerPeter Moffett (also a member of Government Issue and Burning Airlines) and bassist Al Bloch (member of Concrete Blonde, and brother of Seattle Sub-Pop legend Kurt Bloch from the Fastbacks).

The quartet's first single "Little Darlin, is a well-regarded punk single. Then, the band released 1992's rollicking Budspawn, which was released independently on External Records (the original vinyl version consisted of eight tracks clocking in at over 30 minutes while the CD version had six tracks and was classified as an EP instead). The material on Budspawn combined the four members' inherent punk aesthetics with a tendency toward more straight-ahead, anthemic hard rock and drug-induced psychedelia.

Following a line-up change in which Moffett was replaced by Chris Bratton (Inside Out and Chain of Strength), Wool was signed to London Records in the newly punk-friendly climate of 1993. The band recorded Box Set in early 1994 and released it in the Fall of that year. Following in the footsteps of its predecessor, Box Set expanded on the basic blueprint of Wool's already established sound.

After a disappointing commercial reaction to Box Set, the band was dropped by London Records, early on in 1996. Wool recorded new demos in late '94 and late '95, but split up by summer of 1996. Later on guitarist/vocalist Franz Stahl became the touring guitarist for Japanese musician J, and joined former Scream bandmate Dave Grohl in the Foo Fighters, replacing departing guitarist Pat Smear. Franz's tenure in the band included the entire world tour for the 1997 album The Colour and the Shape. Pete Stahl went on to play with Earthlings? and Goatsnake and appeared on several of Josh Homme's (Queens of the Stone Age) The Desert Sessions albums. Later on he became a tour manager for many bands, including Foo Fighters, Cave In and Rammstein.

Members

 * Pete Stahl – vocals, guitar
 * Franz Stahl – guitar, vocals
 * Al Bloch – bass, vocals
 * Chris Bratton – drums (1993–1996)
 * Peter Moffett – drums, vocals (1990–1993)

Discography
=== Little Darlin (7-inch) (1991) ===
 * 1) "Little Darlin"
 * 2) "Medication"

Mayday (7-inch) (1992)

 * 1) "S.O.S."
 * 2) "Run-Hide"

Medication (7-inch) (1992)

 * 1) "Medication"
 * 2) "Marky St. James"

Budspawn (1992)

 * 1) "S.O.S."
 * 2) "Slightly Under"
 * 3) "Clear My Head"
 * 4) "Wait"
 * 5) "Medication"
 * 6) "Eff"

Budspawn (vinyl) (1992)

 * 1) "S.O.S."
 * 2) "Slightly Under"
 * 3) "Clear My Head"
 * 4) "Love My Gun"
 * 5) "Wait"
 * 6) "Medication"
 * 7) "Eff"
 * 8) "Marky St. James"

Box Set (1994)

 * 1) "Eden"
 * 2) "Kill the Crow"
 * 3) "Eat Some Ziti"
 * 4) "Superman Is Dead"
 * 5) "B-350"
 * 6) "Chances Are"
 * 7) "Coalinga"
 * 8) "Speak"
 * 9) "God Rest His Soul"
 * 10) "Blackeye
 * 11) "Take a Look"

Bonus 7-inch included with vinyl pressing of Box Set

 * 1) "So Many Ways"
 * 2) "Sister Song"
 * 3) "Dear Dorothy"

Kill The Crow (1994)

 * 1) "Kill the Crow"
 * 2) "The Witch"

Your Choice Live Series (1995)
Released via Your Choice Records.

 * 1) "S.O.S."
 * 2) "Kill the Crow"
 * 3) "Soundchecksong"
 * 4) "Car Crash"
 * 5) "Clear My Head"
 * 6) "Eden"
 * 7) "B-350"
 * 8) "Zitty"
 * 9) "Blackeye"
 * 10) "Coalinga"
 * 11) "Superman Is Dead"
 * 12) "Medication"
 * 13) "Wait"
 * 14) "Eff"
 * 15) "Sistersong"

Single Limited Vinyl Edition (1996)
Crippled Dick Hot Wax record, Wool appears courtesy of London Records.

 * 1) "Sound Check Song"
 * 2) "Don't Bother Me"

Shine! / Short Term Memory Loss (1996)
Bong Load Records – limited edition vinyl split single with Kyuss.

 * 1) "Short Term Memory Loss"

Lunar Momento: Lost Rancho Session 1 (2012)
Released via Dine Alone Records.

 * 1) "Everything We Do"
 * 2) "Car Crash"
 * 3) "Flana Flan a Flan Flan"
 * 4) "Wonderful"
 * 5) "Father of Three"
 * 6) "My Girlfriend Is a Rock"
 * 7) "Satsuma Saturday Night"
 * 8) "Pockets"
 * 9) "Snakecharmer"
 * 10) "Sibling Rivalry Redux"
 * 11) "Shining Down"
 * 12) "I Am You"

Lunar Momento: Lost Rancho Session 2 (2012)
Released via Dine Alone Records.

 * 1) "Hey Y'all"
 * 2) "Bald Singers"
 * 3) "The Whistler"
 * 4) "It's All Over Now Baby Blue"
 * 5) "Dancing on the Table"
 * 6) "Sibling Rivalry (1994)"
 * 7) "Country Song"
 * 8) "45 Rev 1995"
 * 9) "In My Backyard"
 * 10) "Lucy Throw Them Down"
 * 11) "Sound Check Song"
 * 12) "Rats Head"
 * 13) "I Still Remember"

title: Wool (band)


text:
User talk:No offenc

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. -- 10:00, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:No offenc


text:
Anna in Kungfuland

Anna in Kungfuland is a 2003 Hong Kong romantic comedy martial arts film directed by Raymond Yip, and starring Miriam Yeung and Ekin Cheng.

Plot
Anna (Miriam Yeung) is an aspiring actress, and her father was a monk of the Shaolin temple who defected to Japan after representing the temple during a martial arts tournament. There he met a Japanese woman and later bore Anna. He starts a martial school in Japan, although he dreams of being reconciled with his former mates.

Anna enters a martial arts tournament, which she hopes will lead to her getting her acting career started. She falls in love with the marketing executive (Ekin Cheng) who organized the tournament.

Cast

 * Miriam Yeung as Anna Shek
 * Ekin Cheng as Ken Kei
 * Wong You-nam as Sam Kei
 * Denise Ho as Zoe Pak
 * Cheung Tat-ming as Tournament MC
 * Maggie Lau as Big twin
 * Mandy Chiang as Small twin
 * Benz Hui as Boss Pak
 * Lee Lik-chi as Hung Fung
 * Lau Kar-wing as Master Wisdom
 * Chiu Suet-fei as Nicky
 * Charles Ingram as Spencer
 * Yasuaki Kurata as Sword Shek
 * Tats Lau as Fu
 * Lo Mang as Ox
 * Michael Clements as Hollywood producer

title: Anna in Kungfuland


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alex Ong

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 12:56, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Alex Ong
Probable fabrication. I don't think there was any person named "Ong Tzu Sun" who changed his name to "Alex Ong". Some google hits on "Alex Ong" and "Alexander Ong" (they are fairly common names) but nothing on "Ong Tzu Sun". Sjakkalle (Check!)  10:01, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hoax, created by the same childish guy as Charlie Dodd. (Yes, I know, the IPs are slightly different, but check the page histories of the two articles and that of my user page for yourself. The kid also goes by the names User:Bude and User:Bjude.) Lupo 10:18, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

I disagree. I take care to inform you that google is not the source of all mankind and will consistently fail to provide you with all the right answers. Also, Lupo has been on my case for ages making his opinion incredulous.
 * ''Above comment was posted on 12:44, September 29, 2005 (UTC) by . Lupo 12:53, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Do British school kids have nothing better to do than to fool around here? Remember Ong, Nebraska? Lupo 12:53, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

I would like to remind user:lupo that you cannot change user's pages at a whim. the other false "Bude" is a nickname by some prankster i imagine; my name is my real second name. I hope this witch hunt will end. Bjude

 * Cut the crap and get back to learning. Lupo 12:58, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per Lupo. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 14:00, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Dottore So 16:05, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Microcosm

Microcosm or macrocosm, also spelled mikrokosmos or makrokosmos, may refer to:

Philosophy

 * Microcosm–macrocosm analogy, the view according to which there is a structural similarity between the human being and the cosmos

Music

 * Macrocosm (album), seventh studio album by the German electronic composer Peter Frohmader, released in 1990
 * Makrokosmos, a series of four volumes of pieces for piano by American composer George Crumb
 * "Mic-rocosm", a song by American rapper Prodigy from the album Hegelian Dialectic
 * Microcosm (album), 2010 album by Flow
 * Microcosmos (Drudkh album)
 * Microcosmos (Thy Catafalque album)
 * Mikrokosmos (Bartók), a cycle of piano pieces written 1926-1939 by Hungarian composer Béla Bartók
 * Mikrokosmos (Turovsky), four cycles of lute pieces, Mikrokosmos I-IV, by Ukrainian-American composer Roman Turovsky
 * Mikrokosmos, pseudonym used by former Dark Star frontman Christian Hayes for solo material
 * Mikrokosmos, a 1987 performance choreographed by Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker
 * "Mikrokosmos", by BTS from the 2019 album Map of the Soul: Persona

Biology

 * Microcosm (experimental ecosystem), a small scale contained and controlled ecosystem
 * Microcosmus, a genus of tunicates

Literature and publishing

 * Microcosm Publishing, an independent publisher and distributor based in Portland, Oregon, and Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.
 * Microcosm: E. coli and the New Science of Life, a 2008 book by Carl Zimmer
 * Microcosm: Portrait of a Central European City, a 2002 book by Norman Davies and Roger Moorhouse
 * Microcosm: The Quantum Revolution In Economics And Technology by George Gilder

Other uses

 * Macrocosm (Star Trek: Voyager), 54th episode of Star Trek: Voyager
 * Microcosm (CERN), a museum near Geneva, Switzerland
 * Microcosm (clock), a unique clock made by Henry Bridges of Waltham Abbey, England
 * Microcosm (hypermedia system), an early hypermedia system that predated the World Wide Web
 * Microcosm (video game), a 1993 shoot-'em-up by Psygnosis
 * Microcosm Ltd, a UK software protection company
 * Microcosmos (film), a 1996 documentary film
 * The Microcosm, a 19th-century microscope gallery and shop on Regent Street, London, run by Carpenter and Westley

title: Microcosm


text:
Royal Sovereign

Royal Sovereign can refer to :
 * HMS Royal Sovereign, any of various ships of the Royal Navy
 * Royal Sovereign-class battleship, a class of pre-dreadnought battleships of the Royal Navy
 * Revenge-class battleship, a class of Royal Navy dreadnoughts sometimes referred to as the Royal Sovereign class
 * Royal Sovereign (1829 ship), a merchant ship used to transport convicts to Australia
 * Royal Sovereign, a GWR 3031 Class locomotive of the Great Western Railway, England
 * The Royal Sovereign Lighthouse, Eastbourne, England
 * The Royal Sovereign shoal which the lighthouse marks
 * Royal Sovereign International, Inc., an international supplier of appliances and office products, acquired by Dickinson Robinson Group

title: Royal Sovereign


text:
Sigtunaskolan Humanistiska Läroverket

Sigtunaskolan Humanistiska Läroverket (SSHL) is a coeducational independent school for boarding and day students between the ninth and twelfth grades. It is located in Sigtuna, Sweden. The school is attended by Swedish boarders, local children and foreigners.

As a non-profit private boarding school, management of the SSHL's financial and physical resources is jointly overseen by the Sigtuna Skolstiftelse (Sigtuna School Foundation), the Sigtunastiftelsen (National Sigtuna Foundation) and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; all the trustees are drawn from Sigtuna citizens and school alumni. Day-to-day operations are headed by a school director and 2 principals, who are appointed by the trustees.

SSHL alumni include the current King of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf, and Olof Palme, the former Prime Minister of Sweden. SSHL is a member of the global G30 Schools group.

History
Dating back to the mid-1920s, there were two boarding schools in Sigtuna: Sigtunastiftelsens Humanistiska Läroverk, which was founded by Bishop Manfred Björkquist, and Sigtunaskolan, the other boarding school that was founded by theologian Harry Cullberg.

The two schools merged in 1980 to form Sigtunaskolan Humanistiska Läroverket on where Sigtunastiftelsens Humanistiska Läroverk used to stand, a hill on the western side of Sigtuna.

During the night between 28 February and 1 March 2021, the school's almost 100 year old assembly hall, called Aula (originally the sports hall), caught on fire and burnt down.

Education
Classes at SSHL are held Monday through Friday. Emphasizing the school's primary principle of offering a Swedish educational experience with international characteristics, the school offers programs in both Swedish (Swedish gymnasium year 10-12) and English (International Baccalaureate IB).

International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme
SSHL offers students from 9th grade (MYP 4) to 10th grade (MYP 5) to attend the IB Middle Years Programme (MYP) and final year students to undertake the two-year IB Diploma programme and IB Career-related Programme. The school offer a variety of subjects to cater to the diverse body of students taking the program at SSHL and offer support CAS (Creativity, activity, service), a central emphasis of the IB program by organizing service trips to Laos, Nepal and Kenya.

Notable alumni

 * Carl XVI Gustaf (1946-), Swedish king
 * Olof Palme (1927-1986), former Swedish prime minister
 * Curt Nicolin (1921-2006), Swedish industrialist, former CEO and President of ASEA and ABB
 * Annika Falkengren (1962-), Swedish industrialist, former President and CEO of Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken
 * Richard, 6th Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (1934-2017)
 * Carl Adam Lewenhaupt (1947–2017), Swedish count and businessman
 * Ella Rappich (2000-), Swedish actress

Sports
SSHL is a member of Sweden's Boarding and Private Schools' Sports Organization (Svenska Internat och Privatskolors Idrottsorganisation, SIPSI), founded in 1983, which allow students from different European and Swedish schools to compete in various sporting events throughout the academic year.

Furthermore, SSHL students compete against each other in the so called "House Series". Students are able to represent one of the school's "Houses" to which they belong, and take part in different athletic tournaments.

title: Sigtunaskolan Humanistiska Läroverket


text:
Talk:Methuen Publishing

Untitled
According to the British Library Methuen & Co. Ltd also published the first edition of H.G. Wells's World Brain in 1938.

This entry is so hopelessly out of date and inaccurate that it should probably be removed for the time being - Methuen has been split into numerous entities with the drama list acquired by A&C Black, and the rump company is no longer at the address listed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.133.114.144 (talk) 10:37, 27 February 2008 (UTC)
 * This article doesn't only contain current publisher information. As a major UK publishing house, the complete history of their names, imprints, editors, addresses, co-publishing agreements, buyouts, sales, etc. belongs here.(mercurywoodrose)75.61.132.46 (talk) 04:08, 4 July 2011 (UTC)

Sven Hedin's books
http://books.google.com/books?id=gjLVAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

Title	Through Asia, Volume 1 Through Asia, Sven Anders Hedin Author	Sven Anders Hedin Editor	John Thomas Bealby Edition	2 Publisher	Methuen & co., 1899 Original from	Indiana University Digitized	May 6, 2009 Subjects	Asia, Central

Rajmaan (talk) 21:55, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Methuen Publishing


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Category:Boarding schools in Sweden

Boarding schools in Sweden.

title: Category:Boarding schools in Sweden


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File:AnotherLateNight Zero7 albumcover.jpg

Summary
http://images-eu.amazon.com/images/P/B00005UO3I.02.LZZZZZZZ.jpg

This image is of the CD cover for the Late Night Tales album mixed by Zero 7 entitled Another Late Night: Zero 7. It is used in the article about the album, Another Late Night: Zero 7. The image is therefore illustrative of, and directly relevant to, the article's content. The justification / rationale for using this image is:

 * The image is directly relevant to, or is representative of, the article in which it appears.
 * The presence of the image improves and/or gives clarity to the article in which it appears.
 * The image is of low size and quality.
 * The image depicts, or is used to promote, a product. Use of the image in an encyclopedic article relevant to that product does not harm or diminish the product, its creators, the original artist / designer of the image, the record company, publishers or studios that market the product, or any other personnel involved in its production in any way.
 * The image was taken from the website that is sourced above. On the source website, the image was used to advertise or review the product. Use of the image in a relevant encyclopedic article does not harm or diminish the source website's continued use of the image for their intended purposes.
 * The image is unlikely to have been edited. However, there are two circumstances where it may have been edited by the uploader:
 * 1) If the original image was large, the uploader may have reduced the size prior to uploading to Wikipedia.
 * 2) If borders, shadows or other effects had been added to the image on the source website, these may have been removed by the uploader purely for the purpose of returning the exact likeness of the original product.
 * Neither of these forms of editing affect the other points listed here.

Gram123 (talk) 11:19, 8 January 2008 (UTC)


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User:Cheers mate

Cheers mate!

title: User:Cheers mate


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Alph River

Alph River (-78.2°N, 163.75°W) is a small river, flowing in summertime, on the northern side of Koettlitz Glacier, Scott Coast, Antarctica. It rises from Koettlitz ice at the upper end of Pyramid Trough and from south to north includes Pyramid Ponds, Trough Lake, Walcott Lake, Howchin Lake, and Alph Lake. The Alph ends in a subglacial stream beneath Koettlitz Glacier to McMurdo Sound.

Exploration and name
The portion north of Pyramid Trough was explored and named in February 1911 by the British Antarctic Expedition (BrAE) Western Journey Party led by Thomas Griffith Taylor. He reported that the stream continues north a considerable distance under moraine and ultimately subglacially beneath Koettlitz Glacier to the Ross Sea. This led to the name from a passage in Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem Kubla Khan: “Where Alph the sacred river ran, Through caverns measureless to man, Down to a sunless sea.” The nearby Xanadu Hills are named from the same poem.

Pyramid Ponds
-78.28333°N, 163.45°W A group of ponds lying south of Trough Lake in Pyramid Trough on Scott Coast. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (1994) in association with Pyramid Trough and The Pyramid.

Trough Lake
-78.28333°N, 163.46667°W. A permanently ice-covered pro-glacial lake in the Pyramid Trough. Descriptively named in association with Pyramid Trough.

Walcott Lake
-78.23333°N, 163.46667°W. One of several lakes in the Alph River system, this one located 1.3 miles east of the snout of Walcott Glacier on Scott Coast. Named by NZGB (1994) in association with Walcott Glacier.

Walcott South Stream
-78.25°N, 163.38333°W. A meltwater stream from the southern part of the snout of Walcott Glacier. It flows eastward to Walcott Lake on Scott Coast. Named by NZGB (1994) in association with Walcott Glacier.

Walcott North Stream
-78.23333°N, 163.38333°W. A meltwater stream from the northern part of the snout of Walcott Glacier. It flows eastward to Walcott Lake on Scott Coast. Named by NZGB (1994) in association with Walcott Glacier.

Howchin Lake
-78.21667°N, 163.51667°W. A lake, one of several in the Alph River system, located 1.1 nmi southeast of the snout of Howchin Glacier in Denton Hills. Named by NZGB (1994) in association with Howchin Glacier.

Alph Lake
-78.2°N, 163.7°W. Lake at the foot of Ward Valley on the north-west side of Koettlitz Glacier. It is 0.4 nmi long, and surrounded by steep morainic walls. Named by Griffth Taylor of the BrAE, 1911-13 (Capt. Robert Scott) in association with Alph River.

title: Alph River


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Eleorchis

Eleorchis, abbreviated Elo in trade journals, is a genus of terrestrial orchids (family Orchidaceae). , it contains only one recognized species, Eleorchis japonica, native to Japan and to the Kuril Islands.

title: Eleorchis


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Hoher Dachstein

Hoher Dachstein is a strongly karstic mountain in central Austria and the second-highest mountain in the Northern Limestone Alps. It is situated at the border of Upper Austria and Styria, and is the highest point in each of those states. Parts of the massif also lie in the state of Salzburg, leading to the mountain being referred to as the Drei-Länder-Berg ("three-state mountain").

The Dachstein massif covers an area of around 600 sqkm with dozens of peaks above 2,500 m, the highest of which are in the southern and southwestern areas. The main summit of the Hoher Dachstein is at an elevation of 2995 m. Seen from the north, the Dachstein massif is dominated by glaciers with rocky summits rising beyond them. By contrast, to the south, the mountain drops almost vertically to the valley floor.

Geology
The geology of the Dachstein massif is dominated by the Dachstein-Kalk Formation ("Dachstein limestone"), dating from Triassic times. In common with other karstic areas, the Dachstein is permeated by a rich cave system, including some of the largest caves in Austria, such as the Mammuthhöhle and the Hirlatzhöhle. Another significant tourist destination is the Eisriesenhöhle. The Dachstein is famous for its fossils, including Megalodonts; the Linzer Weg leads over many such fossils, which are referred to as Kuhtritte ("cattle footprints").

Glaciers are uncommon in the Northern Limestone Alps, and those on the Dachstein — the Hallstätter Gletscher ("Hallstatt glacier"), the Großer Gosaugletscher ("great Gosau glacier") and the Schladminger Gletscher ("Schladming glacier") — are the largest, as well as being the northernmost and the easternmost in the whole of the Alps. Several smaller ice-fields also exist, such as the Kleine Gosaugletscher ("lesser Gosau glacier") and the Schneelochgletscher ("snow-hole glacier"). The glaciers are retreating rapidly, and may disappear entirely within 80 years. The Hallstatt glacier withdrew by 20 m in the year 2003 alone. By 2018, it is estimated that the glacier has retreated more than 1 km since 1908.

Climbing
The summit was first reached on July 18, 1834 by Peter Karl Thurwieser, guided by the brothers Adam and Peter Gappmayr, via the Gosau glacier, after an earlier attempt by Erzherzog Karl via the Hallstätter glacier had failed. A wooden cross was erected at the summit during this ascent. The question of the first successful ascent has been a matter of controversial discussion even in contemporary newspaper articles. Two potential summit successes occurred in 1819 and 1823 by Jakob Buchsteiner, the latter of which is today thought to be the first ascent of neighbouring Torstein. The first person to reach the summit in winter was Friedrich Simony, on 14 January 1847. The sheer southern face was first climbed on 22 September 1909 by the brothers Irg and Franz Steiner.

Being the highest point of two different Bundesländer, the summit is a popular goal in both summer and winter. In fine weather as many as 100 climbers may be attempting the ascent, leading to congestion at key sections of the climb.

On April 15, 1954, during the Easter holiday 13 people from Heilbronn went missing in what is now known as the Dachstein hiking disaster.

title: Hoher Dachstein