text:
Peter Wynne-Thomas

Peter Wynne-Thomas BEM (30 July 1934 – 15 July 2021) was an English cricket writer, historian and statistician who was for many years the archivist and librarian of Nottinghamshire CCC. The library at Nottinghamshire's Trent Bridge cricket ground is named The Wynne-Thomas Library in his honour. He was one of the Nottinghamshire general committee members, and in 2016 he was elected President of Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club.

Life
Peter Wynne-Thomas was born on 30 July 1934 in Manchester to Daniel Wynne-Thomas, an architect, and Melrose (née Booth), a solicitor, and was educated at Belmont School and Lancing College in West Sussex.

He was trained as an architectural consultant at the University of London but, from what began as a hobby, he specialised in cricket statistics and research. He wrote cricket books, some intended for those with a beginner's or casual interest in the sport. Examples are the Hamlyn A-Z of Cricket Records, which is a selection of statistical information; and A History of Cricket: From the Weald to the World which presents an account of cricket's history. His Nottinghamshire Cricketers 1821–1914 won The Cricket Society Book of the Year Award in 1971.

During the 1960s, Wynne-Thomas worked with Rowland Bowen on The Cricket Quarterly. In 1973, he was involved in the foundation of the Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians (ACS). He was the original treasurer until 1974 and then secretary until he retired in 2006.

Wynne-Thomas managed the Sport-in-Print bookshop (opposite the Trent Bridge Inn by Trent Bridge Cricket Ground in Nottingham) from December 1987. The ACS purchased the premises in 1993 as its headquarters. Wynne-Thomas combined his shop and ACS roles until March 2006, when he retired and the shop was sold, the ACS relocating to Cardiff.

He was awarded the British Empire Medal in the 2019 New Year's Honours List for his services to cricket. He married twice: in 1975 to Margaret Barnett with whom he had a daughter, and in 2000 to Edith North. He died on 15 July 2021, aged 86, of bowel cancer.

Works
Publications by Wynne-Thomas include the following :

 * Nottinghamshire Cricketers 1821-1914 (1971)
 * Nottinghamshire Cricketers 1919-1939 (1980)
 * England on Tour (1983)
 * Who's Who of Cricketers (with Philip Bailey and Philip Thorn) (1984)
 * Cricket in Conflict (with Peter Arnold) (1984)
 * A-Z of Cricket Records (1985)
 * Give Me Arthur: A Biography of Arthur Shrewsbury (1985)
 * Nottinghamshire: Cricket's Double Champions 1987 (1988)
 * The History of Hampshire County Cricket Club (1988)
 * The Complete History of Cricket Tours at Home and Abroad (1989)
 * The History of Lancashire County Cricket Club (1989)
 * The Australian Tour to England 1948 (with Peter Griffiths) (1990)
 * The History of Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club (1992)
 * Sir Julien Cahn's Team 1923-1941 (1994)
 * Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club First-Class Records 1826–1995 (1996)
 * The History of Cricket: From the Weald to the World (1997)
 * Ivo Bligh (2002)
 * Nottinghamshire County Cricket Grounds (2002)
 * FS Ashley-Cooper: A Biographical Sketch And Bibliography (2003)
 * Cricket's Historians (2011)
 * William Clarke: The Old General (2014)
 * Arthur Carr: The Rise and Fall of Nottinghamshire's Bodyline Captain (2017)

Co-authored with Peter Arnold

 * The Illustrated History of the Test Match (1988)
 * An Ashes Anthology (1989)
 * The Ashes: A Complete Illustrated History (1990)
 * The Complete Book of Cricket (1997)
 * The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Cricket (1997)
 * The Best Book of Cricket Stats and Facts Ever! (1999)
 * The Complete Encyclopedia of Cricket (2007)

title: Peter Wynne-Thomas


text:
Talk:Missisquoi County, Quebec

Needs a map to explain the boundaries that are described by many words. RJFJR 17:45, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Missisquoi County, Quebec


text:
Eugene Aynsley Goossens

Sir Eugene Aynsley Goossens (26 May 1893 – 13 June 1962) was an English conductor and composer.

Biography
He was born in Camden Town, London, the son of the Belgian conductor and violinist Eugène Goossens (fils, 1867–1958) and Annie Cook, a Carl Rosa Opera Company singer. He was the grandson of the conductor Eugène Goossens (père, 1845–1906; his father and grandfather spelled Eugène with a grave accent; he himself did not). His younger sisters and brothers, all musicians, were Marie, Adolphe, Léon and Sidonie.

Eugene studied music at the age of ten in Bruges, three years later at Liverpool College of Music, and in 1907 in London on a scholarship at the Royal College of Music under composer Charles Villiers Stanford and the violinist Achille Rivarde among others. He won the silver medal of the Worshipful Company of Musicians and was made associate of the Royal College of Music.

He was a first violin in Henry Wood's Queen's Hall Orchestra from 1911 to 1915 and as second violinist a founding member of the Philharmonic Quartet before coming to attention as Thomas Beecham's assistant conductor with a performance of Stanford's opera The Critic (1916). In 1921 he decided to make conducting his career and founded his own orchestra; with this ensemble he made a number of gramophone records for Edison-Bell's Velvet Face label. He gave the British concert premiere of Igor Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring on 7 June 1921 at the Queen's Hall with the composer present.

For nearly a quarter of a century, he accepted positions at U.S. orchestras. At the invitation of George Eastman he was conductor of the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra from 1923 to 1931. This post also involved teaching at the Eastman School of Music. During the late 1920s he often conducted for Vladimir Rosing's American Opera Company, an organization which grew out of the Eastman School. From 1931 to 1946 he succeeded Fritz Reiner as the conductor of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. In a tribute to Goossens on his departure for Australia, nine American composers collaborated on Variations on a Theme by Eugene Goossens, for orchestra. The composers were Ernest Bloch, Aaron Copland, Paul Creston, Anis Fuleihan, Roy Harris, Walter Piston, Bernard Rogers, Roger Sessions and Deems Taylor, with Goossens himself writing the finale.

Goossens spent nine years in Australia, from 1947 to 1956. There, he enthusiastically lobbied for a new major performing arts theatre, which ultimately led to the creation of the Sydney Opera House.

He conducted the Sydney Symphony Orchestra and other groups, and was the director of the NSW State Conservatorium of Music. He held these positions concurrently until March 1956, when he was forced to resign after a major public scandal, only a year after being knighted.

Scandal
In the early 1950s, Goossens met Rosaleen Norton, the so-called "Witch of Kings Cross". Norton was known as an artist of the grotesque and for her interest in the occult and erotica, which Goossens secretly shared. They conducted an intense affair, exchanging a number of passionate letters; although Goossens asked Norton to destroy all of them, she kept a bundle hidden behind a sofa.

In early 1956, Goossens visited Europe, unaware that Sydney police were already in possession of his letters to Norton and photographs of her occult activities, which had been stolen from her flat by Sydney Sun reporter Joe Morris, who had infiltrated her supposed "coven". When Goossens returned to Australia on 9 March 1956, he was detained at Sydney Airport, following a tip-off by informants in London; his bags were searched by Customs officials, who found a large amount of what was then considered pornographic material, which included photographs, prints, books, a spool of film, some rubber masks, and sticks of incense.

Although he was not immediately arrested or charged, Goossens naively agreed to attend a police interview a few days later, where he was confronted with photographs of Norton's "ceremonies" and his letters. Faced with the evidence of his affair with Norton – which left him open to the serious charge of "scandalous conduct" – Goossens was forced to plead guilty to the pornography charges. He paid a fine of £100; more significantly, the scandal ruined his reputation and forced him to resign from his positions. He returned to England in disgrace.

The scandal was the basis of a novel, Pagan (1990), by Inez Baranay; it also inspired a play, The Devil is a Woman, by Louis Nowra and an opera, Eugene & Roie, by Drew Crawford. The scandal is documented in the film The Fall of the House, directed by Geoff Burton.

Marriages and children
He was married three times: to Dorothy Millar from 1919 to 1928 (with whom he had three daughters), to pianist Janet Lewis from 1930 to 1944 (two daughters, Sidonie born in 1932 and Renee born in 1940), and to Marjorie Foulkrod from 1946 to 1962 (childless).

His daughter Renee published an autobiography in 2003, which noted that her mother said her biological father was a Swedish violinist.

At the end of his life he and his wife lived apart, and he was instead joined by a young pianist from Adelaide, Pamela Main.

Note
The Belgian baritone Albert Goossens, who with his wife Alice Goossens-Viceroy, a soprano with the New South Wales State Orchestra, were on the teaching staff of the Sydney Conservatorium, was not related. Their daughter Renee Goossens, soprano and teacher at the Sydney Conservatorium and the Melba Conservatorium, has been confused with Renée Goossens (born 1940), youngest daughter of Sir Eugene Goossens and author of Belonging: a memoir.

Death
His former student Richard Bonynge visited him near the end of his life, and found him "absolutely destroyed". Nevertheless, he was engaged for work with the BBC, and Everest Records asked Goossens to make some stereo recordings. For Everest he completed a powerful recording of Respighi's Feste Romane just before his death and it was released as the sole selection on the LP. His other Everest recordings included Rimsky-Korsakov's Scheherazade, Rachmaninoff's Symphonic Dances, Tchaikovsky's Manfred Symphony, and the Symphonie Fantastique by Hector Berlioz.

He died of rheumatic fever and a haemorrhaging gastric ulcer on 13 June 1962 at Hillingdon Hospital in Middlesex. He was buried in St Pancras and Islington Cemetery. He left his estate including copyrights and royalties "to my faithful companion and assistant Miss Pamela Main".

Music and legacy
Among his works as a composer are two symphonies (1940, 1945), two "Phantasy" concertos (one for piano, one for violin) both composed in the 1940s, two string quartets (1918, 1942), two violin sonatas (1918 and 1930) and a Concertino for string octet (1928) that became quite popular and was later re-scored for string orchestra. The Oboe Concerto (1927), was written for his brother, Léon Goossens. He wrote two operas, both with libretto by Arnold Bennett, which Banfield believes are among his major achievements: Judith (1929) and Don Juan de Manara (1935). The latter was broadcast by the BBC on 11 April 1959 with Monica Sinclair, Marie Collier, Helen Watts, Marion Lowe, Bruce Boyce, Robert Thomas and Andrei McPherson. The performance was conducted by Goossens himself. And between 1949 and 1954 he wrote a large-scale oratorio, The Apocalypse, after the Revelation of St. John.

In 1942 Goossens wrote to several composers, including Aaron Copland, to request patriotic fanfares as "stirring and significant contributions to the war effort ..." Copland responded to the request with his famous Fanfare for the Common Man. Eighteen fanfares were written by the different composers and performed during the 1942/43 season of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra.

 * A Fanfare for Airmen, composed by Bernard Wagenaar, performed 9 Oct. 1942
 * A Fanfare for Russia, composed by Deems Taylor, performed 16 Oct. 1942
 * A Fanfare for the Fighting French, composed by Walter Piston, performed 23 Oct. 1942
 * A Fanfare to the Forces of our Latin-American Allies, composed by Henry Cowell, performed 30 Oct. 1942
 * A Fanfare for Friends, composed by Daniel Gregory Mason, performed 6 Nov. 1942
 * A Fanfare for Paratroopers, composed by Paul Creston, performed 27 Nov. 1942
 * Fanfare de la Liberté, composed by Darius Milhaud, performed 11 Dec. 1942
 * A Fanfare for American Heroes, composed by William Grant Still, performed 18 Dec. 1942
 * Fanfare for France, composed by Virgil Thomson, performed 15 Jan. 1943
 * Fanfare for Freedom, composed by Morton Gould, performed 22 Jan. 1943
 * Fanfare for Airmen, composed by Leo Sowerby, performed 29 Jan. 1943
 * Fanfare for Poland, composed by Harl McDonald, performed 5 Feb. 1943
 * Fanfare for Commandos, composed by Bernard Rogers, performed 20 Feb. 1943
 * Fanfare for the Medical Corps, composed by Anis Fuleihan, performed 26 Feb. 1943
 * Fanfare for the American Soldier, composed by Felix Borowski, performed 5 March 1943
 * Fanfare for the Common Man, composed by Aaron Copland, performed 12 March 1943
 * Fanfare for the Signal Corps, composed by Howard Hanson, performed 2 April 1943
 * Fanfare for the Merchant Marine, composed by Eugene Goossens, performed 16 April 1943

In 1941 he made the first American recording of the Symphony No. 2 by Tchaikovsky, with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. Goossens's recording ignored the cuts that were popular with conductors at that time. That same year, also with the Cincinnati Symphony, he recorded Vaughan Williams' A London Symphony, in its 1920 edition, and also the original version of Walton's Violin Concerto, with Jascha Heifetz as soloist.

After his return to England, Goossens was approached by Beecham to arrange a modern symphony orchestra version of Handel's Messiah to mark the bicentenary of the composer's death in 1959. Goossens augmented the original orchestration with parts for four horns, three trombones, tuba, piccolo, contrabassoon, two harps, triangle, cymbals, and bass drum. Memorably, he added cymbal clashes on the second repeat of "Wonderful, Counsellor" in the chorus "For Unto Us A Child is Born", and introduced an accelerando at the climax of the Hallelujah Chorus. Beecham recorded the piece soon afterward with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, and Goossens's version became synonymous with the conductor (but much less so with its orchestrator ). Because of disputes around whose work the orchestration was, and the fact that the manuscript was held by the Beecham estate, despite it being claimed by Goossens's estate, it went unperformed for over 40 years. It went unrecorded for even longer, until a new recording appeared in 2020, again with the RPO, under Jonathan Griffith.

For Kapp Records, he recorded a bilingual version of Peter and the Wolf in 1959, featuring the actor José Ferrer narrating the story in both English and Spanish. The music was played by the Vienna State Opera Orchestra. The performance was later released on CD by MCA Records.

Goossens is credited for much of the lobbying to the NSW Government to build a music performance venue, a process that led to the construction of the Sydney Opera House. Having agreed to go ahead with the project, the New South Wales Premier Joseph Cahill had wanted it to be on or near Wynyard Railway Station in the north-west of the CBD, but Goossens insisted that it be built at Bennelong Point overlooking Sydney Harbour. The site of Bennelong Point was confirmed in 1957, after he had left Australia.

He is commemorated in the Eugene Goossens Hall, a small concert and recording facility that is part of the broadcasting complex of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in Harris Street, Ultimo, in Sydney.

Discography
A far from complete listing:
 * George Antheil: Symphony No 4 and Alberto Ginastera: Estancia ballet suite, London Symphony Orchestra, Everest stereo LP SDBR 3013 (1958)
 * Antheil: Symphony No 4 (and Aaron Copland: Statements for Orchestra, Aaron Copland conducting, London Symphony Orchestra), Omega/Everest CD reissue of 1958 LP: EVC 9039 (1996)
 * John Antill: Corroboree ballet suite, Sydney Symphony Orchestra, HMVED1193-4/2A A206-9 (1950), reissued on Dutton CD CDBP 9779 (2007)
 * Antill: Corroboree ballet suite and Alberto Ginastera: Panambi ballet suite, London Symphony Orchestra, Sir Eugene Goosens, conductor, Everest stereo LP, SDBR 3003
 * Antill: Corroboree ballet suite and Alberto Ginastera: Panambi ballet suite, Estancia ballet suite, Heitor Villa-Lobos: The Little Train of the Caipira, London Symphony Orchestra, Omega/Everest CD reissue of 1958–59 Everest LPs: EVC 9007 (1994)
 * Arnold Bax: Tintagel, New Symphony Orchestra of London, HMV C1619-20, CR2017-19, (1928), reissued on Dutton CD CDBP 9779 (2007)
 * Bax: Mediterranean, New Symphony Orchestra of London, HMV C1620 CR2025, (1928), reissued on Dutton CD CDBP 9779 (2007)
 * Bax: Symphony No. 2, BBC Symphony Orchestra, live broadcast, 2 November 1956, Dutton CD CDBP 9779 (2007)
 * Hector Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique, London Symphony Orchestra, Everest stereo LP (1959) SDBR 3037; reissued as Vanguard/Everest CD EVC 9017, (1995).
 * Eugene Goossens: Four Conceits, Op.20 (~1917–1918), Goossens' s Orchestra, cond. Eugene Goossens. Edison Bell 'Velvet-Face' 1042 (10" (25 cm) 78 rpm), masters 7325, 7326. Issued circa September 1922.
 * Goossens: Tam O'Shanter, Op. 17a (1917), Royal Albert Hall Orchestra, HMV D694 Cc1777 (1922), reissued on Dutton CD CDBP 9779 (2007)
 * Edvard Grieg: Peer Gynt Suite No. 1, London Philharmonic Orchestra, His Master's Voice/Electrola
 * Paul Hindemith: Violin Concerto, Joseph Fuchs violin, London Symphony Orchestra, (with Hindemith: Symphony in E flat, Sir Adrian Boult conducting the London Philharmonic Orchestra), Omega/Everest CD reissue of Everest 1958–59 LPs: EVC 9009 (1994).
 * Felix Mendelssohn: Symphony No. 3 Scottish, BBC Symphony Orchestra, His Master's Voice BLP 1045
 * Mendelssohn: Symphonies Nos. 4 Italian and 5 Reformation, London Philharmonic Orchestra, Saga XID 5056
 * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Violin Concerto No. 3 and Paul Hindemith: Violin Concerto (world premiere recording), Joseph Fuchs, violin, London Symphony Orchestra, Everest stereo LP SDBR 3040 (1959)
 * Modest Mussorgsky, orch. Maurice Ravel: Pictures at an Exhibition, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Pickwick SPC 4031
 * Ottorino Respighi: Feste Romane and Sergei Rachmaninoff: Symphonic Dances, London Symphony Orchestra, Everest stereo LP SDBR 3004, (1958)
 * Respighi: Feste Romane (with Respighi: Pini di Roma and Fontane di Roma conducted by Sir Malcolm Sargent), London Symphony Orchestra, Vanguard/Everest CD reissue EVC 9018 (1995)
 * Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov: Scheherazade, London Symphony Orchestra, World Record Club TP148
 * Franz Schubert, Symphony in B minor (Unfinished), Royal Opera House Orchestra, His Master's Voice/Electrola (1925)
 * Igor Stravinsky: Petrouchka, London Symphony Orchestra, Everest stereo LP SDBR 3033 (1959)
 * Stravinsky: Symphony in Three Movements, London Symphony Orchestra, (and Stravinsky Ebony Concerto with Woody Herman orchestra) Everest stereo LP SDBR 3009 (1958)
 * Stravinsky: Le Sacre du Printemps, London Symphony Orchestra, Everest stereo LP SDBR 3047 (1960)
 * Stravinsky: Petrouchka, Symphony in Three Movements, London Symphony Orchestra, Vanguard/Everest CD reissue of Everest 1958 LPs: EVC 9042, (1996).
 * Stravinsky: Petrouchka, Symphony in Three Movements, London Symphony Orchestra (and Stravinsky: Ebony Concerto with Woody Herman orchestra), Philips CD reissue of Everest 1958 LPs: Philips 422 303–2, (1989).
 * Stravinsky: Le Sacre du Printemps and Sergei Rachmaninoff: Symphonic Dances, London Symphony Orchestra, Vanguard/Everest CD reissue of 1960 & 1958 LPs: EVC 9002 (1994).
 * Stravinsky: Le Sacre du Printemps and Petrouchka, London Symphony Orchestra. Bescol/Compact Classics CD reissue of Everest 1959–1960 LPs: CD 514 (1987).
 * Tchaikovsky: Manfred Symphony, London Symphony Orchestra, Everest stereo LP SDBR 3035 (1959); reissued as Omega/Everest CD EVC 9025 (with Jean Sibelius: tone poem Tapiola, Tauno Hannikainen conducting the London Symphony Orchestra) (1996).
 * Tchaikovsky: 1812 Overture, Eugene Onegin Waltz, Royal Opera House Orchestra, His Master's Voice/Electrola
 * Heitor Villa-Lobos: Little Train of the Caipira, Manuel de Falla: The Three-Cornered Hat World Record Club STP 164.

title: Eugene Aynsley Goossens


text:
Mulberry (email client)

Mulberry is an open-source email client marketed by Cyrusoft from approximately 1995 to 2005. On October 1, 2005, Cyrusoft International, Inc./ISAMET, declared Chapter 7 bankruptcy and went out of business. In August 2006, rights to the source code were acquired by Cyrus Daboo, the original author.

Originally developed for the Apple Macintosh, versions now exist for that platform as well as Microsoft Windows and Linux using the X window system. Mulberry's strengths include strict compliance with Internet standards such as IMAP, LDAP, IMSP, ACAP, and iCalendar, a unique GUI for defining Sieve (mail filtering language) scripts and support for IMAP disconnected operation.

As of August 20, 2006, with version 4.0.5, Mulberry was made available at no cost, but remained proprietary. The most recent version, 4.0.8, was released for Macintosh (as a Universal Binary), Windows, and Linux on February 23, 2007. However, Cyrus Daboo made Mulberry available as open source on all three platforms on November 21, 2007, under the terms of the Apache License 2.0.

title: Mulberry (email client)


text:
Talk:Huldenberg

Removed from article
"Use Other languages: Nederlands for more photo's." Rich Farmbrough

title: Talk:Huldenberg


text:
User:VivekM/Court

Redraft of Article:Court
A court is an assemblage, or designated place of assemblage of a body, officially transacting judicial or law business.

Origins and evolution
The word comes from Latin cohort (root: cohors) meaning the king's company. Rulers held court, attended by their retinue (of noblemen, courtiers, advisors), in exercise of the prerogative "of kings to rule and princes to decree justice" [1] or to be "judges over all their subjects and in all causes" [2].

In the early days, when the State was as yet imperfectly developed and the province of law small, rulers thus governed giving a country security and its people a civilised existence [1]. As populations grew and politics developed, rulers could hardly judge "all causes"; and had to delegate the task to ministers or officials - increasingly lower down in the administrative heirarchy.

Thus evolved courts presided by judges. In England, the Act of Settlement (1701) made the judges independent of the King - leading to the modern doctrine of separation of powers, and an independent judiciary, in parliamentary systems.

Functions/ing
Since all citizens are bound by the laws of the State, they are entitled to ask for its assistance against any errant citizen or official [3]. Courts are that arm of the State which administers justice by resolving disputes, enquiring into facts, interpreting the law and punishing its infractions; thus imposing order and the rule of law [2a].

In doing so a court would:
 * entertain complaints, petitions or appeals,
 * try the case: taking evdicence concerning the facts in issue and hearing arguments on the facts and laws bearing on the subject-matter,
 * make or deliver any order, decree, sentence, opinion or judgement that commends to it,
 * provide for or entertain applications for enforcement of its orders etc., and
 * punish for contempt of itself, of courts below it, or their pronouncements.

Court of law v. court of justice
Bring out the difference in historical development (in English Jurisprudence) and the integration with the growth of parliamentary systems.

Kinds and examples
The House of Commons considering a private bill or a Senate Committee holding a hearing could/would be courts.

Tribunals are specialist bodies appointed to regulate and determine disputes in specifc areas; usually made subordinate to a court with appeallate or review powers, and may not in all instances be considered to be courts.

Other kinds - Appellate, sessions, etc. -

Court heirarchies / systems
Heirarchies in different countries, under different systems of law.

title: User:VivekM/Court


text:
Talk:Oblique projection

Diagram please
Please add a diagram and some examples to make this more clear.

It looks like the diagram (provided by User:Jbergquist - thanks!) is pretty explanatory. If it is not adequate, say so. Otherwise, I'll remove the above image request. The Rod 17:01, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

context tag
Also, is the article still unclear or is it ready to have its context tag removed? The Rod 17:14, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Link to Euclidean geometry?
What do we mean by parallel? The idea dates back at least to Euclid. If lines are translated without rotation they will remain parallel. This is a common drafting method.

Can this be right?
My intuition has failed me, but ... isn't the following assertion from the article plain wrong? Surely all the projections described here must project spheres into circles.

In a general oblique projection, spheres of the space are projected as ellipses on the drawing plane, and not as circles as you would expect them from an orthogonal projection.

Question
Isn't cavalier oblique and NOT perspective? I thought perspective needed to have vanishing points, and there is none for cavalier. --aciel 17:59, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm confused as well. From the description and images in the article, it seems to be just another form of axonometric projection. SharkD 02:44, 20 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Yeah, it was mistakenly categorized as perspective I'd say - google nearly always has it as an oblique projection (I added a reference saying so and moved it in the template tree accordingly). --Allefant 14:03, 3 July 2007 (UTC)
 * One might perhaps see the cavalier projection as an perspective view, but the distans of the vanishing points is infinity. –Xauxa (talk) 11:09, 12 May 2010 (UTC)

Query withdrawn
Sorry - the above query was b*ll*cks. Lucky nobody's paying attention anyway.

Chris C 16:55, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

Image
I think this image is misleading, as the a and b from x+az and y+bz somehow are completely missing. Anyone has a better one? --Allefant 15:17, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I replaced it now with another one. --Allefant 12:04, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

skew projection
Not a single google result besides Wikipedia says that skew projection is another name for oblique projection - so I'm removing it for now. If there's a book or paper saying so, it should be added in, citing the reference. --Allefant 13:21, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

less pretention
"Inferior to unity"? Come on, write "less than 1" like normal people. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 160.39.211.175 (talk) 16:35, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

Merge Cavalier projection and Cabinet projection?
Any disagreement with merging Cavalier projection and Cabinet projection into this article? All three articles are currently rather small, and I would rather there be a single largish article than three stubs. SharkD  Talk  02:55, 28 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I went ahead with the merger as there was no comment. SharkD   Talk  01:14, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

Examples
Are the captions on the examples correct? The first example looks like it has an angle of 15 degrees (not 30). Likewise the potting bench example appears to have an angle of 45 degrees, not 30. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.181.42.126 (talk) 01:43, 9 May 2013 (UTC) No they are not. Potting bench is 45, and a scale factor of 2/3, not 1/2. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.3.240.251 (talk) 14:31, 23 May 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Oblique projection


text:
Talk:Compound eye

Untitled
Hi. I'm not an expert on eyes, so I don't want to edit this but too me at least the sentence "If one eye falls out the other will split in half and go to the other." is not very clear. If someone who knows more agrees maybe they want to clarify it. Jjhunt 06:31, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

Aperture limitation of resolution -- or phased array
Unless the phases of a light wave in different ommatidia can be compared to form a phased array, which seem unlikely, diffraction limits the resolution (in radians) to about the wave length divided by twice the lens diameter. This makes this type of eye surprising in small animals. Sensitivity to ultraviolet is some help here. I am not sure that this belongs in the article at this time. David R. Ingham 01:39, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

{If any bug has clearer vision than this limit, that would seem to imply that its nervous system were something like a quantum computer. Classical descriptions do not preserve phase information of individual photons. If the output of an ommatidia is describable classically, then the photon is described as being received in only one ommatidia and relative phase is not measured. David R. Ingham 04:27, 1 July 2006 (UTC)}

 * I'm not sure what you mean by having to be like a quantum computer here. Fased arrays are common in astronomy, and none of them have anything to do with quantum computers. Measuring and correlating phases gets more difficult the higher the frequency of the light is, but the VLTI is an example in infrared light. As far as I know (which isn't very far) animal vision works by incorherently absorbing radiation, which does not capture phase information (unlike a radio antenna, which does), so as neat as it would be, I doubt that insects have interferometric vision. Amaurea (talk) 16:49, 15 June 2013 (UTC)

I don't know much about the physiology, but a compound eye looks like a phased array, and does not look as good as a single larger dish or lens antenna if the phases are not used. The relevance to quantum is that if the the light phase is transmitted as a nerve phase, without a reference signal and decoding, then neurons can transmit data by their relative phases in other contexts. David R. Ingham (talk) 03:56, 14 June 2021 (UTC)

Trilobite eyes
I love to see something about the eyes of trilobites or other arthopods. Right now it seems focused almost exclusively on insects. Eluchil404 07:51, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

Types of compound eyes

 * Compound eyes: Compound eyes are composed of many light-sensitive elements, each having its own refractive system and each forming a portion of an image . Compared with single-aperature eyes, they have poor resolution, but a very large view angle, polarization, or fast movement detection often make up for the lack of resolution . Compound eyes are typically classified as either apposition eyes, that form multiple inverted images, or superposition eyes, that form a single erect image. In the superposition compound eye each rhabdom (light sensitive unit) receives light through many ommatidial facets, while in the apposition compound eye every rhabdom receives light from a single facet. Species: Compound eyes are found in a large number of arthropods, including various species of insects, crustaceans, centipedes, and millipedes  as well as a few species of annelids and mollusks . Trilobites, an extinct class of arthropods, also utilized various types of compound eyes. A combination of both types of compound eyes is used in some insects . The various types of compound eyes (apposition and all three superposition types) are present in all crustacean classes except Copepoda.

 * Apposition eyes: Apposition eyes consist of an array of individual units with a single lens and photoreceptor called ommatidia. Each ommatidium gathers light from a small part of the visual field . This type of eye allows for reasonably high resolution but low sensitivity. There are two types of apposition eyes: the typical apposition eye and the neural superposition eye. Species: Apposition eyes are found in Drosophila, many diurnal insects, shallow-water and terrestrial crabs, lower crustacea, and the Limulus horseshoe crab.

 * Apposition eye (typical)

 * Neural superposition eye, or schizochroal eyes: Neural superposition eyes are identical to the typical apposition eye in that each lens forms an image on the rhabdom, but the images are combined in the brain. Species: Neural superposition eyes are found in Strepsiptera and dipteran flies.

 * Superposition eyes or clear zone eyes: In superposition eyes, the light from multiple facets combines on the surface of the photoreceptor layer to form a single erect image of the object. Compared to apposition eyes, the superposition eye is much more light sensitive . In these types of eyes, the dioptric apparatus and the rhabdom layer are separated by an unpigmented clear zone. This permits, in theory, the superposition of light from a number of corneal facets onto a single rhabdom . There are three types of superposition eyes: refracting superposition eyes, reflecting superposition eyes, or parabolic superposition eyes. Many ommatidia contribute to a deep-lying erect image . Species: Superposition eyes are found in nocturnal insects such as neuropteran flies and moths as well as deep-water crustaceans and crabs.

 * Refracting superposition eyes: Refracting superposition eyes have lenses which are spherical in shape, causing the light to be bent into fewer convergence points on the retina, creating a much higher quality image.  Species: Refracting superposition eyes are found in insects, including the Hummingbird hawkmoth, and euphausid crustaceans (krill).

 * Reflecting superposition eyes: In reflecting superposition eyes, the lenses are rectangular in shape, so light is not bent through each of them, rather it is reflected creating multiple convergence points on the retina . Species: Reflecting superposition eyes are found only in most long-bodied decapod crustaceans such as crayfish, lobsters, and shrimp.

 * Parabolic superposition eyes: In parabolic superposition eyes, the ommatidia are shaped much like lightbulbs, with the larger end facing outward. Light is processed in a similar fashion as with the refracting superposition eye, however, not to such a precise degree . Species: Parabolic superposition eyes are found in swimming crabs and hermit crabs.

I'm posting the above information here for future reference. I may try to work it into the article later. -AED 05:30, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 05:09, 13 May 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Compound eye


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Hot/C6/Cla-Cli

Cla-Clc

 * 1) Claude Louis Hector
 * 2) Claude Mauriac
 * 3) Claude Pajon
 * 4) Claude Vigee
 * 5) Claude-Etienne Minie
 * 6) Claude-Frederic-Armand Schaeffer
 * 7) Claude-Louis Mathieu
 * 8) Claude-Louis, Comte de Saint-Germain
 * 9) Claudius James Rich
 * 10) Claudius
 * 11) Claus van de Werve
 * 12) Clausius Theorem
 * 13) Clausius-Mossetti Relation
 * 14) Clavaxinellida
 * 15) Clay Mineralogy
 * 16) Clay pan
 * 17) Clay, commercial
 * 18) Claystone
 * 19) Claytonia sibirica
 * 20) CLCC

Clea-Clei

 * 1) CLEAN Algorithm
 * 2) CLEAN Beam
 * 3) Clean boot
 * 4) Clean data
 * 5) Clean install
 * 6) CLEAN Map
 * 7) Cleaning Behaviour
 * 8) Clear box testing
 * 9) Clear GIF
 * 10) Clear memory
 * 11) Clear text
 * 12) Clear to send
 * 13) Clear-air turbulence
 * 14) ClearCase
 * 15) Clearstory
 * 16) Clearwater River (United States)
 * 17) Cleavage (embryology)
 * 18) Clebsch-Gordan Coefficient
 * 19) Cleft lip and cleft palate
 * 20) Cleft palate
 * 21) Cleidocranial Dysostosis

Clem-Clet

 * 1) Clemence Dane
 * 2) Clemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar
 * 3) Clement (Bible)
 * 4) Clement Biddle
 * 5) Clement Charles Julian Webb
 * 6) Clement Claiborne Clay
 * 7) Clement Wood
 * 8) Clemente, Count Solaro Della Margarita
 * 9) Clements Kadalie
 * 10) Clemmys
 * 11) Cleobis
 * 12) Cleome
 * 13) Cleomenes I
 * 14) Cleopas
 * 15) Cleopatra
 * 16) Cleopatra's Needles
 * 17) Cleophas
 * 18) Clepsydra
 * 19) Cleres Zoological Park
 * 20) Clethra alnifolia

Cli

 * 1) CLI

Clia-Clid

 * 1) Clianthus
 * 2) Cliche-Verre
 * 3) Click and drag
 * 4) Click disk
 * 5) Click drive
 * 6) Click exchange
 * 7) Click languages
 * 8) Click potato
 * 9) Click speed
 * 10) Click! disk
 * 11) Click-through
 * 12) Clickable image
 * 13) Clickable map
 * 14) ClickNet
 * 15) Clicks & mortar
 * 16) Clicks and mortar
 * 17) Clickstream
 * 18) Clicktract
 * 19) Clidastes

Clie

 * 1) Client application
 * 2) Client based
 * 3) Client computer
 * 4) Client machine
 * 5) Client operating system
 * 6) Client OS
 * 7) Client program
 * 8) Client software
 * 9) Client-client-server
 * 10) Client-server system
 * 11) Client/server analyst
 * 12) Client/server architecture
 * 13) Client/server development system
 * 14) Client/server environment
 * 15) Client/server network
 * 16) Client/server programmer
 * 17) Client/server protocol
 * 18) Clientship

Clif-Clim

 * 1) Cliff dwellers
 * 2) Cliff Dwelling
 * 3) Cliff effect
 * 4) Cliffbrake
 * 5) Clifford Hugh Douglas
 * 6) Clifford Whittingham Beers
 * 7) Clik! disk
 * 8) Clik! drive
 * 9) Climate history
 * 10) Climate modeling
 * 11) Climate modification
 * 12) Climatic Adaptation
 * 13) Climatic Map
 * 14) Climatic prediction
 * 15) Climatius
 * 16) Climbing perch

Clin-Cliv

 * 1) Clinch
 * 2) Clingfish
 * 3) Clingmans Dome
 * 4) Clinical pathology
 * 5) Clink
 * 6) CLINKS
 * 7) Clinoptilolite
 * 8) Clint Eastwood
 * 9) Clinton B. Fisk
 * 10) CLIP
 * 11) CLIPPER chip
 * 12) Clipperton Fracture Zone
 * 13) Clipping application
 * 14) Clipping level
 * 15) Clipping
 * 16) Clitoria
 * 17) Clive Bell
 * 18) Clivias


text:
Halfback option play

The halfback option play is an unorthodox play in American and Canadian football. It resembles a normal running play, but the running back has the option to throw a pass to another eligible receiver before crossing the line of scrimmage.

Strategy and execution
The running play that halfback options usually resemble is a sweep play. Sometimes the quarterback will run out of the backfield and become a receiving option for the running back. This can be effective because the quarterback usually does very little after handing off or pitching the ball to the running back on most plays, and the defense might not be expecting him to be used as an active receiver. In the National Football League (NFL), if the quarterback starts the play under center, then he is ineligible as a receiver; the quarterback must start from a shotgun formation to receive a pass.

The key to the play is fooling the defensive players, primarily the defensive backs. If the linebackers and/or the defensive line are fooled and believe the ball carrier is attempting a run, they will pursue the runner, abandoning their pass defense responsibilities and thereby leaving pass receivers uncovered. If the defensive backs are not fooled, the running back carrying the ball does have the option to run, instead of risking an incomplete pass or an interception. This play is not as popular as it once was as defensive players are expected to cover receivers until the football crosses the line of scrimmage on running plays.

The halfback option play usually has limited success and is not commonly used, especially in the NFL. The play almost completely relies on the element of surprise and better coaching has resulted in defensive backs being instructed to stay in coverage until the running back with the ball crosses the line of scrimmage. Another reason is that the passing ability of most running backs is usually poor in relation to the passing ability of a quarterback. However, certain teams and players do successfully run the option one to a few times a season; used sparingly it can be effective to make a game-changing play.

In modern professional football history, a halfback has only thrown more than one touchdown in three games: halfback Paul Hornung of the Green Bay Packers threw two touchdown passes in a 1959 NFL game against the Los Angeles Rams; utility player Gene Mingo of the Denver Broncos threw two touchdowns as a halfback in an American Football League (AFL) game against the Buffalo Bills in 1961; and running back Walter Payton of the Chicago Bears threw two touchdowns in a 1983 NFL game against the New Orleans Saints.

The halfback option play is an integral part of the wildcat offense, which involves the halfback receiving a direct snap.

Notable instances
There have been many notable cases where the halfback option pass has been used with great success.
 * Perhaps the first use of the play occurred under Homer Woodson Hargiss at the College of Emporia in 1910.
 * In Super Bowl XII, Dallas Cowboys fullback Robert Newhouse threw a 29-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Golden Richards, versus the Denver Broncos, becoming the first fullback/halfback to throw a touchdown pass in Super Bowl history. QB Roger Staubach took the snap and pitched the ball to Newhouse who ran left, faking a sweep, before pulling up and throwing an absolutely perfect pass to an almost perfectly covered Richards. This basically sealed the game for Dallas, and they went on to win 27-10.
 * The Los Angeles Rams successfully used a halfback option in Super Bowl XIV, with quarterback Vince Ferragamo handing the ball off to running back Lawrence McCutcheon who then passed it to wide receiver Ron Smith for a 24-yard touchdown.
 * In Super Bowl XXII, Denver Broncos quarterback John Elway caught a 23-yard pass from halfback Steve Sewell on the halfback option play, becoming the first quarterback ever to catch a pass in the Super Bowl.
 * Former San Diego Chargers running back LaDainian Tomlinson successfully threw seven touchdowns on option passes on just twelve career passing attempts.
 * In college football, the Arkansas Razorbacks used halfback option passes with great success in 2006, using running back Darren McFadden in the role.
 * During the 2008 NFL season, the halfback option play became particularly popular with the advent of the Wildcat formation. In Week 3 of that season, the play was used no less than nine times across the league, four times by Miami Dolphins running back Ronnie Brown, twice by McFadden, and once by Baltimore Ravens running back Willis McGahee.
 * A halfback option pass was one of the many trick plays successfully used by Boise State in its win over Oklahoma in the 2007 Fiesta Bowl.
 * The Cincinnati Bengals successfully used a halfback option in Super Bowl LVI, with quarterback Joe Burrow pitching the ball to running back Joe Mixon who then passed it to wide receiver Tee Higgins for a 6-yard touchdown.
 * Fictionally, the 1998 film The Waterboy prominently featured the halfback option as the game-winning play, with Bobby Boucher, in position as halfback, completing a Hail Mary pass to quarterback Guy Grenouille.

title: Halfback option play


text:
Talk:Temasek Academy

Please Add to this Page
As we all know the Temasek Acdemy page is still a stub article. Please add to it if possible. PLEASE DO NOT VANDALISE IT. Thank You

Fair use rationale for Image:TA Logo.jpg
Image:TA Logo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 06:32, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Merge into Temasek Junior College

 * Temasek Academy covers a small portion of the history of Temasek Junior College. It is a defunct programme that existed for a couple of years only and is now part of the College's Integrated Programme. Also, the article is outdated for years and only cited 1 source. Being as a stub article, it is viable to merge it into the main article instead. Muggershell (talk) 01:37, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Temasek Academy


text:
Con O'Neill (actor)

Con O’Neill (born Robert O’Neill on 15 August 1966) is an English actor. He started his acting career at the Everyman Theatre and became primarily known for his performances in musicals. He received critical acclaim and won a Laurence Olivier Award for playing Michael "Mickey" Johnstone in the musical Blood Brothers. Subsequently, he was nominated for a Tony Award and a Drama Desk Award for the same role. He has also appeared in many films and television series, including The Batman and Our Flag Means Death.

Early life
O'Neill was born on 15 August 1966 in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset. Aged one, O'Neill moved with his family to Parbold, growing up in the village of Up Holland, both near Wigan, in Lancashire.

O'Neill was discouraged from being an actor at an early age; O'Neill told Northern Soul: "My careers adviser at my school in Wigan, when I said I wanted to be an actor, told me not to be so ridiculous and why didn’t I want to join the army?".

Personal life
Con O'Neill has historically been quiet about his private life. In 2023 he proudly stated he was ready to come out as a part of "the community" (in context he meant LGBTQIA+ or Queer community). In June of 2024 he stated he had been married for 24 years as of the end of June. He also spoke about his spouse, calling them mostly by the gender neutral term partner. He did once refer to them as his husband.

Career
O'Neill began his acting career at Liverpool's Everyman Youth Theatre.

He was awarded the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical in 1988 for his performance in Willy Russell's Blood Brothers, and was nominated for Broadway's 1993 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical for Blood Brothers.

In the 1980s, he had a walk-on role in One Summer as Jackson. He starred in Dancin' Thru the Dark, the 1990 film adaptation of Willy Russell's Stags and Hens. In 1990, he played a principal role in Amongst Barbarians, part of the BBC ScreenPlay series. In 1992, he played Cougar Glass in the world premiere of Philip Ridley's The Fastest Clock in the Universe. He appeared in Moving Story, a TV comedy drama, as Nick, part of a removals team. He appeared as wheelchair user P.C. Ian LeFebre in "The Mild Bunch", the second season's eighth episode of Pie in the Sky (1995). He had a supporting role in Cider with Rosie (1998). In 2003, he portrayed Mickey in The Illustrated Mum. In 2006, he starred as Aston in a tour of Sheffield theatres' production of Harold Pinter's The Caretaker. In 1999, he starred in The Last Seduction II.

In 2008, he appeared in Criminal Justice, a five-part TV drama on the BBC, playing the part of Ralph Stone, a solicitor. He played the part of Joe Meek in both the 2008 film and 2005 play of Telstar: The Joe Meek Story. In 2011, he took the role of dock worker Eddie Carbone in Arthur Miller's A View From the Bridge at the Royal Exchange Theatre in Manchester (from 18 May to 25 June 2011). This portrayal won the 2011 Manchester Theatre Award for Best Actor. In 2012, he played Dr. Bob Massey in "Fearful Symmetry", S6:E3 of Lewis.

He played St. Paul in the 2013 mini-series The Bible. The same year he also appeared in Life of Crime as DCI Ferguson and in Midsomer Murders "Schooled in Murder" as Jim Caxton. He portrays Val Pearson in the sitcom Uncle (2014 to 2017). He played Cliff in Cucumber, an eight-part TV drama series. In 2015, he starred in the 35th-anniversary staging of Willy Russell's Educating Rita at The Liverpool Playhouse. He appears as Neil Ackroyd in the second and third series of Happy Valley. In 2016, O'Neill played the part of Joe Brierley in the second series of Ordinary Lies and appeared in two episodes of the Doctor Who spin-off Class. In the 2019 HBO miniseries Chernobyl he portrayed the plant director Viktor Bryukhanov. In 2022 and 2023, he appeared in the HBO series Our Flag Means Death as the pirate Izzy Hands.

title: Con O'Neill (actor)


text:
User talk:VanillaDeath

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -Platypus Man | Talk 17:53, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Help pages
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 * How to write a great article
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Regarding Gazeebow Unit you may wish to comment here. DJ Clayworth 19:08, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

Serial comma
Hello, fellow supporter of the serial comma, which I lovingly refer to as the oxford comma. --Michiel Sikma 22:03, 2 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi there! Wilson 23:16, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia Cat Lovers' Committee
, I can see from your userboxes that you love cats.

Would you be interested in joining the Wikipedia Cat Lovers' Committee?

If you want to join, you can add yourself to the members list, and contact me, Sergeant Snopake, on my talk page, or the committee founder, GeorgeMoney, on his.

The Wikipedia Cat Lover's Committee has also been nominated for deletion.

Please comment on the deletion page to help keep the committee going.

Please vote keep.

Thank You very much! :)

Sergeant Snopake, 12:11, 21th of April 2006 (UTC)

User icq
Just curious, were you aware of User ICQ? =) —Locke Cole • t • c 03:27, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Only after I made User icq at which point I thought "pink and white?!" That, and it doesn't display as your number (UIN) and it wasn't listed on the Userboxes/Computing page (which is why I didn't know about it in the first place) so I decided to keep the one that I had made at the time. -Wilson 11:21, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I fixed User ICQ today. Debresser (talk) 21:38, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

Blue Kaffee Web Radio listed for deletion
An article that you have been involved in editing, Blue Kaffee Web Radio, has been listed at Articles for deletion/Blue Kaffee Web Radio. Please look there to see why this is, if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Matthew Fenton ( TALK - CONTRIBS ) 09:43, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

Blue Kaffee
An editor has proposed that the Blue Kaffee, an article to which you are a major contributor, be deleted on the grounds that "Notability not established or sourced per WP:ORG." I have de-prodded and re-prodded the article as you were originally not notified of the proposed deletion (not mandatory, but considered a courtesy). If you wish the article to be kept, please address the concerns raised. -- Black Falcon 21:37, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Village Shopping Centre

The article Village Shopping Centre has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * NN 450,000 square ft mall.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Epeefleche (talk) 04:23, 5 June 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:VanillaDeath


text:
User talk:Zantanzukken

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -Platypus Man | Talk 17:53, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Zantanzukken


text:
User talk:Cutehercules

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Cutehercules


text:
Talk:Conner Prairie

Assessment comment
Substituted at 12:10, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Conner Prairie. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://newsfromyou.indystar.com/posts/conner-prairie-releases-documentary-history-rising-a-conner-prairie-balloon-adventure
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101208025259/http://www.insideindianabusiness.com/newsitem.asp?ID=44961 to http://www.insideindianabusiness.com/newsitem.asp?ID=44961
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110414220830/http://www.connerprairie.org/Plan-Your-Visit/1863-Civil-War-Journey.aspx to http://www.connerprairie.org/Plan-Your-Visit/1863-Civil-War-Journey.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110629132416/http://www.wthr.com/Global/story.asp?S=10462326&nav=menu188_2 to http://www.wthr.com/Global/story.asp?S=10462326&nav=menu188_2
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120229133552/https://www.insideindianabusiness.com/newsitem.asp?ID=35435 to https://www.insideindianabusiness.com/newsitem.asp?ID=35435

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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090311054242/http://www.gbl.indiana.edu///abstracts/91/huser_91.html to http://www.gbl.indiana.edu/abstracts/91/huser_91.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150811051317/http://www.connerprairie.org/Things-To-Do/Events/2015/Camps/Conner-Prairie-Camps/Adventure-Camp-2 to https://www.connerprairie.org/Things-To-Do/Events/2015/Camps/Conner-Prairie-Camps/Adventure-Camp-2
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Advertisement Issue
I agree that much of the latter portion of the article reads like an advertisement for Conner Prairie. A solution appears to be deleting those lines and simply have a single link to the company website for visitor engagement.

However, if I am wrong and the article is judged not to have advertisement content, I do not want to delete what appears to be the offending content erroneously.

I will appreciate any advice on moving forward. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Robertnola (talk • contribs) 14:14, 18 December 2018 (UTC)

 * Can you look at this article and see what needs to be cut (promotional content, etc.)? I'm sure there's some WP:SIGCOV in the Indy papers. Mvcg66b3r (talk) 01:44, 7 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I have not had my regular computer this week (and still don't), so I have held off from major editing work this week @Mvcg66b3r. This is not a topic I am familiar with, but you have the right idea. You have TWL access yourself and could probably do a good job. Sammi Brie  (she/her • t • c) 04:06, 7 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Why don't you have your regular computer? Mvcg66b3r (talk) 04:10, 7 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Conner Prairie


text:
Ryland

The name Ryland can refer to several things:

Places

 * Ryland, Alabama, United States
 * Ryland, Lincolnshire, England
 * Ryland, Hordaland, Norway
 * Ryland Heights, Kentucky, USA

Surname

 * Adolfine Mary Ryland (1903–1983), English artist
 * Bertha Ryland (1882-1977), militant suffragette
 * Bob Ryland (1920-2020), American former tennis player and coach
 * Chad Ryland (born 1999), American football player
 * Sir Charles Smith-Ryland (1927–1989), English landowner and farmer, Lord Lieutenant of Warwickshire
 * George Washington Ryland (1827–1910), Wisconsin politician
 * George Ryland (Queensland politician) (1855–1920), member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
 * Henry Ryland (1856–1924), British painter, book illustrator, decorator and designer
 * Herman Witsius Ryland (1760–1838), English colonial administrator in Canada
 * Ingrid Ryland (born 1989), Norwegian footballer
 * Jens Fredrik Ryland (born 1974), Norwegian guitarist
 * John Ryland (1753–1825), English Baptist minister
 * Jonathan Edwards Ryland (1798–1866), English man of letters and tutor
 * Louisa Ryland (1814–1889), English philanthropist
 * Octavius Ryland (1800–1886), English convict transported to Australia, later a school teacher
 * Robert Ryland (1805–1899), first president of Richmond College, Virginia
 * William Wynne Ryland (1732/8–1783), English engraver
 * William Ryland (1770–1846), American businessman and Methodist minister

Given name

 * Sir Ryland Adkins (1862–1925), English lawyer, judge and politician
 * Ryland Blackinton (born 1982), American musician and actor
 * Ryland Bouchard (born 1979), American vocalist and musician
 * Ry Cooder (born 1947), American musician
 * Ryland Davies (1943–2023), Welsh operatic tenor
 * Ryland Fletcher (1799–1885), American farmer, and politician
 * Ryland James (born 1999), Canadian pop singer
 * Ryland Milner (1909–1999), American football coach
 * Ryland Moranz (born 1986), Canadian folk/roots singer-songwriter
 * Ryland H. New (1888–1979), Canadian businessman and racehorse owner
 * T. Ryland Sanford (1878–1952), first President of the Chatham Training School, Virginia
 * Ryland Steen (born 1980), American drummer
 * Ryland Dillard Tisdale (1894–1942), American naval officer

Fiction

 * Dennis Ryland, character in American TV series The 4400
 * Harris Ryland, character in American TV series Dallas
 * Ryland Grace, character in sci-fi novel Project Hail Mary

Other

 * CalAtlantic Homes, American home builder formerly known as Ryland Homes

title: Ryland


text:
USS Mahan (DD-364)

USS Mahan (DD-364) was the lead ship of the United States Navy's Mahan-class destroyers. The ship was named for Rear Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan, a 19th-century naval historian and strategic theorist. Her design ushered in major advances over traditional destroyers. Among them were a third set of quadruple torpedo tubes, protective gun shelters, and emergency diesel generators, along with a steam propulsion system that was simpler and more efficient to operate.

Mahan began her service in 1936. She was first assigned to the US Atlantic Fleet and then transferred to Pearl Harbor in 1937. When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, Mahan was at sea with Task Force 12. The task force's mission to Midway Island was aborted to participate in the post-attack search for the enemy strike force. Unable to locate it, the task force returned to Pearl Harbor.

Early in World War II, Mahan took part in raids on the Marshall and Gilbert Islands. In the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, Admirals Chester Nimitz and William Halsey commended the destroyer group (of which Mahan was a member) for a stellar effort in screening the aircraft carriers USS Hornet (CV-8) and USS Enterprise (CV-6) against heavy odds. During the New Guinea campaign to take the northeast coast from the Japanese, Mahan was engaged in the  amphibious landings at Salamaua, Lae, and Finschhafen. She participated in landings at Arawe and Borgen Bay (near Cape Gloucester), New Britain, and provided support for the troop landing at Los Negros Island in the Admiralty Islands.

Late in the Pacific War, the Japanese kamikaze relentlessly plagued US Naval operations. On 7 December 1944, a group of suicide aircraft overwhelmed and disabled Mahan at Ormoc Bay, Leyte, in the Philippine Islands. On fire and exploding, the ship was abandoned, and a US destroyer sank her with torpedoes and gunfire.

Characteristics
Mahan displaced 1500 LT at the standard load and 1725 LT at the deep load. The ship's overall length was 341 ft, the beam was 35 ft and her draft was 10 ft. She was powered by two of General Electric's geared steam turbines, which developed a total of 46000 shp for a maximum speed of 37 kn. Four Babcock & Wilcox or four Foster Wheeler water-tube boilers generated the superheated steam needed for the turbines. Mahan carried a maximum of 523 LT of fuel oil, with a range of 6940 nmi at 12 kn. Her peacetime complement was 158 officers and enlisted men. The wartime complement increased to approximately 250 officers and enlisted men.

Mahan had a tripod foremast and a pole mainmast. To improve the anti-aircraft field of fire, the tripod foremast was constructed without nautical rigging. In silhouette, the ship was similar to the larger Porter-class destroyer that immediately preceded her. She was fitted with the first emergency diesel generators, replacing the storage batteries of earlier destroyers. Gun crew shelters were built fore and aft for the superimposed weapons. A third quadruple set of torpedo tubes was added, with one mount on the centerline and two in the side positions. This required relocating one 5 inch/38 caliber gun to the aft deckhouse. Mahan incorporated a new generation of land-based steam propulsion machinery. With boiler pressures increasing to 600 PSI (pounds per square inch), and high-pressure turbines that had double reduction gears, which ran faster and more efficiently than that of her predecessors.

Armament
The main battery of Mahan consisted of five 5 inch/38 caliber guns, later four in 1942, equipped with the Mark 33 ship gun fire-control system. Each gun was dual-purpose, configured for surface and aerial targets. Her anti-aircraft battery originally had four water-cooled .50 caliber machine guns. The ship was fitted with three quadruple torpedo-tube mounts for twelve 21 inch (533 mm) torpedoes, guided by the Mark 27 torpedo fire-control system. Depth charge roll-off racks were rigged on the stern of the ship.

In early 1942, the Mahan-class destroyers began a wartime armament refitting process, but most of the class was not fully refitted until 1944. Mahan was refitted in June 1944 at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard. The notable refits to the Mahan-class included the removal of one 5 inch/38 gun, typically replaced with two twin Bofors 40 mm guns and five 20 mm Oerlikon guns.

Construction and service
Mahan was built by United Dry Docks (successor to the Morse Dry Dock and Repair Company) in Staten Island, New York. Her keel was laid down on 12 June 1934 and she was launched on 15 October 1935, sponsored by Kathleen H. Mahan (the admiral's great-granddaughter). The ship was commissioned on 18 September 1936. The ship departed for Caribbean and South American ports within two months of her commission, combining her initial training and shakedown cruise with a goodwill tour. She remained in the Atlantic until July 1937, then headed to the Southern California coast for fleet training before steaming to her new station at Pearl Harbor.

Rising tension between Japan and the United States stretched back to 1931 with Japan's invasion of Manchuria in the Mukden Incident. Japan's continued aggression, instigating the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and invading French Indochina in 1940—to which the United States and European powers responded with embargoes on iron and oil imports—further heightened the tension. The Japanese thereafter decided to attack the Western powers in Asia, beginning with a surprise attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor. When the Japanese struck Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, Mahan was at sea with the aircraft carrier USS Lexington (CV-2), three cruisers and four destroyers as part of Task Force 12. Lexington's mission was to ferry Marine aircraft to reinforce Midway Island. After news of the attack on Pearl Harbor, the task-force commander received orders to terminate the ferry mission and to search for the Japanese strike force. Unable to locate them, the task force returned to Pearl Harbor on 12 December.

She put to sea in late December with 103 Marines to reinforce their detachment at Johnston Island (about 750 nautical miles—860 miles, or 1,390 km—west of Hawaii), and evacuated 47 civilians to Hawaii the following month. A convoy assignment took Mahan to Samoa, where she joined Task Force 17 (including the carrier USS Yorktown (CV-5), two cruisers and five destroyers). The task force carried out raids on Jaluit Atoll, Mili Atoll and Makin Atoll (Butaritari) in the Marshall Islands and Gilbert Islands. Mahan moved on to Canton Island in late February 1942, temporarily assigned to offshore patrol duty. By early April, she was at sea with a convoy bound for San Pedro, California. The ship then steamed north to the Mare Island Naval Shipyard for overhaul, docking on 18 April 1942.

Mahan was back operating in the waters off Pearl Harbor in August 1942. By mid-October, she had steamed out of Pearl Harbor as part of Task Force 16 with the carrier USS Enterprise (CV-6), the battleship USS South Dakota (BB-57), two cruisers and seven destroyers. On 24 October they joined Task Force 17, which included the carrier USS Hornet (CV-8), four cruisers and six destroyers. The two carrier groups formed Task Force 61 under the command of Rear Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid, and was ordered to the Santa Cruz Islands to strike the Japanese if they moved on Guadalcanal.

After the task force anchored off the islands on the morning of 26 October, Enterprise's search planes spotted the enemy carrier force and dropped two 500-pound bombs on the JAPANESE AIRCRAFT CARRIER Zuiho, setting the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands in motion. When it subsided, the Navy had lost 74 aircraft, the carrier Hornet and one destroyer; Enterprise, South Dakota, one cruiser and one destroyer were damaged. The Japanese lost about 100 aircraft, but their ship casualties were much lower. Nimitz and Halsey expressed their satisfaction with Kinkaid's force and their battle against heavy odds, and the destroyers in the Hornet and Enterprise screens were commended for a stellar effort.

En route to Noumea, New Caledonia, on 27 October,  a Japanese submarine contact caused the  American ships to take evasive action. In the confusion, Mahan and battleship South Dakota  collided:  both ships were seriously damaged. Commander R. W. Simpson was Mahan's captain at the time, having taken command in early 1941. Temporary repairs were made to Mahan at Noumea, and she headed back to Pearl Harbor for a new bow.

Fully repaired, Mahan left Pearl Harbor on 9 January 1943 for the South Pacific. In subsequent months she escorted convoys between the New Hebrides and the Fiji Islands, performed patrol assignments off New Caledonia, and engaged in operations in Australian waters. By August her base of operations was Milne Bay, New Guinea, which along with Buna, Papua New Guinea, was used as a staging area for an advance to gain possession of the Japanese-held northeast coast of New Guinea. The operation began in August 1943, with plans to strike Lae, New Guinea. Two weeks earlier, Mahan, under Lieutenant Commander James T. Smith, and three other US destroyers had cleared the Lae approaches and the waters between Salamaua and Finschhafen, bombarding Japanese installations at Finschhafen. In early September the Lae Task Force, under Rear Admiral Daniel E. Barbey, left Milne Bay for Lae with 8,000 Australian troops. By the evening of 4 September, the troop landing was completed. On 11 September Salamaua was under Allied control, and Lae was taken by 16 September. Mahan and other US destroyers had provided cover for the amphibious landings.

Defeated at Lae, the Japanese pulled back to Finschhafen, which the Americans and Australians chose as the site of their next offensive. On 21 September an assault force under Barbey left Buna, escorted by US destroyers including Mahan, and stopped at Lae to pick up an Australian infantry brigade. Additional US destroyers were attached to the force, preceding the convoy to the rendezvous point. On 22 September, before daylight, the amphibious force stormed the beach at Finschhafen; by noon, all troops were ashore. As the destroyers began to withdraw from the area, ten Japanese torpedo planes winged across the water, targeting Mahan and five other US destroyers. The ships returned fire, shooting down eight of the ten planes; the remaining two escaped. This scrimmage ended without any hits by enemy planes. By 2 October, Finschhafen was in the hands of the Allies.

On 14 December 1943, the amphibious force led by Barbey mustered at Buna, New Guinea, in preparation for the landing at Arawe, New Britain. With it was a bombardment group, composed of Mahan and four other US destroyers. Setting sail on the 14th, the force dropped anchor off Arawe early the next morning, and Mahan and her sister ships bombarded the Japanese shore defenses at the main landing point. The shelling from the 5"/38 guns and the bazooka-fired rockets sent the Japanese into retreat, and by mid-morning the beachhead was secured. Christmas 1943 found Mahan steaming with Barbey's amphibious force to Borgen Bay, near Cape Gloucester, New Britain. The entrance to Borgen Bay was risky, with uncharted waters; Mahan and USS Flusser (DD-368) were picked to sound out the channel and mark the way. They moved through the channel, with two minesweepers laying buoys in their wake. The force shadowed the buoys, and made its way through the passage. On the morning of the 26th, the Marines landed on the beach unopposed. The Japanese struck forcefully later that afternoon, but the Americans would not be dislodged.

In late February 1944, Mahan was in action with the Seventh Fleet supporting the troop landing at Los Negros Island in the Admiralty Islands. Although the supporting ships came under heavy fire, the troops made it ashore. Three weeks later, the Japanese force at Los Negros was defeated.

In early 1944, after extended wartime duty in the Pacific, the veteran destroyer was ordered to California for overhaul and moored again at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard. Mahan left the yard in early July for Pearl Harbor, participating in exercises there until 15 August. She returned to New Guinea on 20 October via Eniwetok, Jaluit, Guam, Saipan and Ulithi, escorting convoys between Hollandia (Jayapura) and Leyte. By the end of November 1944, Mahan was performing anti-submarine patrol off Leyte in the Philippines.

Sinking
In November 1944, bad weather and hostile terrain bogged down the ground campaign to seize Leyte from the Japanese. The chief impediment to retaking Leyte was the Japanese ability to reinforce and resupply its headquarters at Ormoc City, on the west side of Leyte, and the Americans' inability to counter this advantage. Thus, the unavoidable decision was made for an amphibious attack on Ormoc.

On the morning of 7 December 1944, three years to the day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, troops of the US 77th Infantry Division landed south of Ormoc City. At the same time, Mahan was patrolling the channel between Leyte and Ponson Island. The amphibious strike by the infantry met with little opposition, but nine Japanese bombers and four escort fighters converged on Mahan. In Kamikaze (1997), Raymond Lamont-Brown wrote: "Observers were to record of this, one of the most unusual and devastating of kamikaze assaults of 1944, that the Japanese aircraft used torpedo-launching tactics, but when they had been hit ... they switched to kamikaze attacks, diving on Mahan". During the assault, US Army fighters downed three Japanese aircraft and damaged two more. Mahan shot down four but took three direct kamikaze hits, as David Sears observed in At War With the Wind (2008), "... the most calamitous [being] a direct hit to the superstructure near the No. 2 gun."

Exploding and awash in flames, Mahan was turned by Commander E. G. Campbell toward the picket line in a last hope to save her before issuing the order to abandon ship. The destroyers USS Lamson (DD-367) and USS Walke (DD-723) rescued the survivors; one officer and five men were missing, and thirteen seriously wounded (including burns). A US destroyer sank Mahan with torpedoes and gunfire because she was not salvageable.

Mahan’s captain praised the performance of his crew during the ordeal. He described their response as disciplined and courageous. Mahan received five battle stars for her World War II service.

title: USS Mahan (DD-364)


text:
Municipality of Žirovnica

The Municipality of Žirovnica (Občina Žirovnica) is a municipality in Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the village of Breznica.

In the Završnica Valley, behind the Reber range that overlooks the villages, the first public hydroelectric plant in Slovenia was built in 1914. In 1952, after building a 60 m dam (the highest dam in Slovenia to date) in the Kavčke Gorge, a second hydroelectric plant opened in nearby Moste. This was the first hydroelectric plant to operate on the Sava River.

Geography
It is located in the traditional Upper Carniola region, on the southern slope of the Karawanks mountain range, along the border with Austria (Carinthia). The municipality borders the municipalities of Jesenice to the west, Bled and Radovljica to the south, and Tržič to the east as well as Austria to the north.

Settlements
In addition to the municipal seat of Breznica, the municipality also includes the following settlements:

 * Breg
 * Doslovče
 * Moste
 * Rodine
 * Selo pri Žirovnici
 * Smokuč
 * Vrba
 * Zabreznica
 * Žirovnica

Notable people
A number of figures important to Slovenes come from the Municipality of Žirovnica: the poet France Prešeren, the linguist Matija Čop, Archbishop Anton Vovk, the pioneering bee-keeper Anton Janša, and the writers Janez Jalen and Fran Saleški Finžgar. Bronze busts of all five have been put up in front of the school in Zabreznica. There is a well-marked trail through the villages called The Cultural Heritage Route. This can be followed to visit certain monuments associated with the above figures (e.g., the houses where Prešeren, Čop, Finžgar, and Jalen were born, all of which are small museums, Janša's beehive) and a number of other historical and cultural monuments in the area.

title: Municipality of Žirovnica


text:
Spleak

Spleak was an IM platform where users could publish and rate content. It existed in the form of six bots covering as many subject areas: CelebSpleak, SportSpleak, VoteSpleak, TVSpleak, GameSpleak, and StyleSpleak.

Overview
Users can add a "multi-Spleak" (which contains all of the different Spleak bots in one) to their IM buddy lists on MSN (spleak@hotmail.com) and AIM (buddy name: spleak), or add the separate bots on MSN (celeb@spleak.com, sport@spleak.com, vote@spleak.com, tv@spleak.com, game@spleak.com, and style@spleak.com) or AIM (buddy name: celebspleak, sportspleak, votespleak, tvspleak, gamespleak, and stylespleak). Users are also allowed access to Spleak online by using a CelebSpleak, SportSpleak, or VoteSpleak widget, or through the CelebSpleak and SportSpleak applications with Facebook.

Spleak was an alternate reality game and is moving to its own company, Spleak Media Network. "Celebrate Spleak" was introduced throughout 2007, launched in 2008, and was forced to retire in 2009.

Key people
Spleak was co-founded by Morten Lund and Nicolaj Reffstrup. The company's chief executive officer is Morrie Eisenburg; Josh Scott is Vice President in Product and Tyler Wells is Vice President in Engineering.

title: Spleak


text:
User:VivekM

'Tome

Bachi Karkaria C R Irani Danny Boy

Court High Courts of India Lord Denning A. P. Herbert Legal fiction Fair use

Gangaur City Palace, Jaipur Privy purse in India Princely state Jamshedji Tata Sealand

/Court /Sovereign Immunity /naive wikipedians

/The Flighty Drifers' Ditty, is a piece to showcase the beauty and versatality of Wikipedia.

PS: wikipedians may be incorrect, but neither does the spell-checker bot provide the standard applicable, seems.

title: User:VivekM


text:
Pathummayude Aadu

Pathumma's Goat (original title: പാത്തുമ്മായുടെ ആട് Pathummayude Aadu) is a 1959 Malayalam novel by Vaikom Muhammad Basheer. The characters of the novel are members of his family and the action takes place at his home in Thalayolaparambu. The goat in the story belongs to his sister Pathumma. Basheer begins the novel with an alternative title for the book, Pennungalude Buddhi (The Wisdom of Women).

Plot
Ever since Basheer first left home to participate in the salt satyagraha at Kozhikode, he had led a wanderer's life; Ottaanthadi, muchaanvayaru. Only occasionally did he return to his home at Thalayolapparambu, with the intention of penning down his thoughts in interludes of tranquility. Next to the house where he grew up, in the same compound, he had a walled-in plot with a small house. He built this retreat himself, and around the house he planted a garden. This gate was always closed, and he required silence and peace of mind. He would sit and write or walk around his garden tending to his beloved plants.

On returning from one of his travels, he was forced to live in the house where his large family lived, instead of in his private home. This household was always filled with noise and chaos; no place for a writer. The inhabitants were Basheer's mother, his younger siblings and their families. Add to this, there were myriads of domestic animals who treated the house as their own.

Basheer's sister Pathumma, who lived in a dilapidated shack a little distance away, would visit the house every day with her daughter Khadeeja and with them would come Pathumma's goat. This goat had absolute freedom in the house. It would eat up anything it could, from fallen leaves before someone came to sweep them, Chaambaykka fruits (Water Apple) from the lower branches of the tree basheer planted, trousers worn by Basheer's nephew Abi, grass specially gathered for it, food set away for it, even food meant for human inhabitants of the house, to the author's copy of newest editions of Basheer's Baalyakaalasakhi, Shabdangal and Vishwavikhyaadamaaya Mookku, fresh out of press. When Basheer arrived home, each of the family members approach him with requests for financial assistance. When Basheer gives money to his mother, the next day his younger brother Abdul Khadar would take it all from her. When he gives anything to any of his nephews or nieces, other people of the family ask why he doesn't give stuff to their children. His money runs out within a few days of his arrival. He gets down to disciplining the noisy children of the house. His youngest brother, Abu terrorises the household, the children, women and animals.

Basheer's immediate younger brother, Abdul Khadar was the head of the family, since Basheer was away most of the time and did not have a permanent source of income. At times the author would return home with a small fortune after publishing one of his books, then people of the family and the village would approach him with supplications. Abdul Khadar was handicapped in one leg. When Basheer and he were young, he used to beat up Basheer and make him carry his books to school. His handicap got him special privileges from everyone. Once when Basheer's tolerance was pushed to the limits, he beat up his younger brother, and since then Abdul Khadar began giving him due respect. In their childhood, Basheer often had to bear the punishment when actually Abdul Khadar was the real culprit.

While Basheer wandered from place to place, Abdul Khadar got himself a job and looked after the family. First he worked as a school master, then quit the job and took various other employments. At the time when he became a schoolmaster, Basheer was serving three months prison term in Kannur prison after getting arrested at Kozhikode on his way to participate in Salt Satyagraham (1930). In 1936–37, he was residing at Ernakulam, writing for various magazines essentially for free. That was the time when he lived in near poverty, struggling to get to eat one square meal a day, having to borrow from everyone even to manage a cup of tea. He wrote prolifically, for newspapers and periodicals, but he got paid next to nothing for his efforts. This was the period which forms the backdrop in which works like Janmadinam were set.

Once during this period, Abdul Khadar visited Basheer. The older brother proudly gave him his literary works to read. Abdul Khadar, instead of admiring his brother's literary genius found fault with the grammar and language usage. ''Avante oru lodukkoos akhya... Ithu njaan varthamaanam parayunnathupole ezhuthivachirikkayaanu. Avante chattukaalan akhyaadam. Palunkoosan vyakaranam'', Basheer retorts. Years later, with the publication of major works like Baalyakaalasakhi (1944), Basheer's name became recognised throughout Kerala. Then Abdul Khadar no longer complained of grammatical errors in his brother's sentences, instead asked him for copies of the book so that he could make money selling them. He even asked Basheer to write about members of the family and gave him ideas for plots of stories.

Writing and publication
Pathummayude Aadu is the only major Basheer work that was published without any revisions from the original manuscript. It was written in 1954 during Basheer's first period of insanity, when he was institutionalised at a mental Sanatorium at Thrissur. He meant to revise and edit the manuscript further, but did nothing for five years. Later, he felt that any revision was unnecessary. Between the writing (1954) and publication (1959) Basheer married Fabi. In this novel Basheer states that he is not writing it in lyrical language but in slang (speaking language).

The novel was first published serially in Gopuram, a bimonthly published from Trivandrum under the editorship of N. Damodaran.

title: Pathummayude Aadu


text:
User:Shervink

'''Hi. Shervink is currently on a wiki-break because he is very, very, very, really extremely very very busy in the non-wiki world.  He might also be active on a very serious top-secret parallel project for a while, which is decidedly more fun than wikipedia. '''

In the book of Esdras, the Bible tells us that about 2500 years ago, three guardsmen of the Persian emperor Darius the Great held a contest as to what was the strongest thing in the world.

The first said: "Wine is the strongest"; The second said, "The king is strongest"; The third said, "Women are strong, but above all things, truth is strongest''".

''The winner was then awarded by Darius, being allowed to go to Jerusalem to help rebuild Salomon's temple, fulfilling a promise already given by Cyrus the Great who had initially liberated the Jews from their Babylonian captivity.

''Iranians believe, since ancient times, that there is a cosmic war going on between good and evil, light and darkness, truth and those who try to hide and wipe it out.

As an Iranian, as a Wikipedian, and more generally as a human, I believe that truth is strongest. Our duty is to contribute our part to its eventual triumph''.

title: User:Shervink