text:
Tommy Gunn (actor)

Thomas Joseph Strada (born May 13, 1967), better known by his stage name Tommy Gunn, is an American pornographic actor and director. He has made several mainstream appearances, including an episode of Entourage and music videos for Buckcherry and Rilo Kiley. In 2016, Gunn was inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame.

Early life
In his early years, Tommy grew interested in sports, BMX bicycles, motorcycles, and soccer. Gunn was shy around girls until he noticed girls were interested in bigger and "buffer" guys, so he took up bodybuilding. He entered a "hot body" contest in a local bar, and although he lost the contest, a man offered him work as a stripper. For ten years, he worked as a dancer, traveling all over the world.

Career
Beginning his career in pornographic films in 2004, Gunn was soon recognized as the 2005 AVN Best Male Newcomer award. He likewise received the 2006 AVN Best Supporting Actor for his role in Pirates and a second AVN Male Performer of the Year for 2007.

In 2007, Gunn appeared in the music video for "The Moneymaker" by American indie rock band Rilo Kiley. He also appeared in the music video "Too Drunk" by the band Buckcherry. In 2010 Gunn appeared in an episode of Entourage. In 2011 he had an uncredited role in Mommy & Me, a comedy film, directed by Jennifer James. In 2012 he appeared in the Louis Theroux documentary Twilight of the porn stars discussing the porn industry and his personal experiences within it. In 2014, he appeared in the horror film Wolves, directed by David Hayter. He also had a small part in the 2017 movie Gangster land.

In 2009, Gunn directed and starred in a 3-D choose-your-own-adventure movie titled Cummin' At You 3D.

Gunn appeared in about 2,500 videos in his pornographic career.

Business ventures
In February 2012, he launched his own underwear line.

Gunn appeared in an episode of the History Channel show, Pawn Stars, where he sold a zombie-proofed "zombie apocalypse" van for $11,000.

Personal life
Gunn's father is of Italian descent while his maternal grandfather was Chinese. He was married to porn actress Rita Faltoyano from 2005 to 2008. When asked during an August 2007 interview if there was a romance between him and fellow porn star Ashlynn Brooke, Gunn's reply was, "I think we are becoming something more." Gunn and Brooke have since ended their relationship.

Gunn has family in the Philadelphia area, including award-winning instructor of the ECCRSD Percussion Ensemble, Tom Harbora.

Awards and nominations

 * 2005 AVN Award – Best Male Newcomer
 * 2005 XRCO Award – New Stud
 * 2006 AVN Award – Best Couples Sex Scene (Video) – Porn Star (with Brittney Skye)
 * 2006 AVN Award – Best Supporting Actor (Video) – Pirates
 * 2006 Eroticline Award – Best International Actor
 * 2006 NightMoves Award – Best New Director (Fan's Choice)
 * 2007 AVN Award – Best Group Sex Scene (Film) – FUCK (with Carmen Hart, Katsuni, Kirsten Price, Mia Smiles, Eric Masterson, Chris Cannon & Randy Spears)
 * 2007 AVN Award – Best Oral Sex Scene (Film) – FUCK (with Ice LaFox, Eric Masterson, Marcus London & Mario Rossi)
 * 2007 AVN Award – Best POV Sex Scene – Jack's POV 2 (with Naomi)
 * 2007 AVN Award – Male Performer of the Year
 * 2007 XRCO Award – Male Performer of the Year
 * 2008 NightMoves Award – Best Male Performer (Fan's Choice)
 * 2009 NightMoves Hall of Fame inductee
 * 2011 NightMoves Award – Best Male Performer (Editor's Choice)
 * 2011 XBIZ Award – Male Performer of the Year
 * 2015 XBIZ Award – Best Scene - Couples-Themed Release – Untamed Heart (with Anikka Albrite)
 * 2016 AVN Hall of Fame inductee
 * 2018 XBIZ Award - Best Sex Scene — Vignette Release - Sacrosanct

title: Tommy Gunn (actor)


text:
Flag of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

The flag of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands was granted on 3 October 1985, when the Territory was created. Previously the Territory was a part of the former Falkland Islands Dependencies and used the same flag as the Falklands Islands.

The new territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) was created in 1985, as is evidenced by the letters patent and order in council that are shown in full on the South Georgia government website. Prior to 1985, the area had been administered as a dependency of the Falkland Islands. The arms of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands were granted by royal warrant on 14 February 1992. The website of the SGSSI has a copy of the warrant, which addresses the arms only, and does not mention any flag. After the arms were granted in February 1992, the government of SGSSI started using them on the British Blue Ensign as is customary in British dependencies. The Flag Bulletin, XXXII:2 (1993), describes the badge which was granted on 14 February 1992 to celebrate the liberation of the islands from Argentine occupation. It consists of a shield (lozengy argent and azure, on a pile vert a lion rampant or, armed and langued gules, holding a torch or, inflamed gules, and in chief two estoiles or), a reindeer crest, as supporters a fur seal and a macaroni penguin, and the motto Leo Terram Propriam Protegat ('Let the lion protect its own land').

The original flag had a smaller version of the coat-of-arms displayed in a white disc, but this was later changed to the current flag. In June 2006, the College of Arms in Newsletter No. 9 said, "South Georgia and Sandwich Islands: the flag of this overseas territory, illustrated left, has been approved by Her Majesty and accordingly placed on record at the College of Arms, along with the flag of the commissioner of the territory. College reference: Standards 5/96, 97." The flag that is illustrated in Newsletter No. 9 shows the arms in full, without a white disc.

The flag is a blue ensign, with the Union Flag in the canton, defaced with the coat-of-arms. The flag flies over the main government settlements on South Georgia Island, and the scientific bases of the British Antarctic Survey.

There is also a flag to represent the Civil Commissioner of the Territory, a Union Flag defaced with the coat-of-arms. As the Civil Commissioner is also the Governor of the Falkland Islands, the flag is only in use when the Commissioner visits the Territory. The original version of the commissioner's flag just displayed the shield (escutcheon) of the full arms, but it was later changed. In June 2006, the College of Arms (in Newsletter No. 9 ) said, "South Georgia and Sandwich Islands: the flag of this overseas territory, illustrated left, has been approved by Her Majesty and accordingly placed on record at the College of Arms, along with the flag of the commissioner of the territory. College reference: Standards 5/96, 97."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Vale of White Horse District Council elections

Elections to the Vale of White Horse District Council, the local authority for the Vale of White Horse in Oxfordshire, England take place every four years.

Council elections

 * 1973 Vale of White Horse District Council election
 * 1976 Vale of White Horse District Council election
 * 1979 Vale of White Horse District Council election (New ward boundaries)
 * 1983 Vale of White Horse District Council election (District boundary changes took place but the number of seats remained the same)
 * 1987 Vale of White Horse District Council election (District boundary changes took place but the number of seats remained the same)
 * 1991 Vale of White Horse District Council election (District boundary changes took place but the number of seats remained the same)
 * 1995 Vale of White Horse District Council election
 * 1999 Vale of White Horse District Council election
 * 2003 Vale of White Horse District Council election (New ward boundaries)
 * 2007 Vale of White Horse District Council election
 * 2011 Vale of White Horse District Council election
 * 2015 Vale of White Horse District Council election (New ward boundaries)
 * 2019 Vale of White Horse District Council election
 * 2023 Vale of White Horse District Council election


text:
Talk:Paper mill

Speeds
How does a mill "operate at speeds of over 100 mph"? It spits out paper at this speed? Kfor 19:18, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * That's what I was assuming. I work summers in a mill to put myself through college, and all the machinery here seems to be measured in feet per second (the speed of the paper passing through the machine).--Daveswagon 05:33, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

History
Could some one please add a historical section to this article. As it stands, there is one sentence on history, and the article would lead one to believe that paper was made from wood pulp at Baghdad in the 9th century. In fact the use of wood pulp is quite a modern innovation. Previously, the raw material used in England was rags (probably woollen rags), which the mill reduced to pulp. I think this applies to the period 1600-1850, but I am not an expert in this subject. Peterkingiron 17:37, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

History (again)
"One of the first known paper mills in Europe was in Xativa (now Jativa) near Valencia, Spain"

I live 40 km far from Xàtiva. What is that about "now Jativa"? The official name of the city is Xàtiva. "Játiva", with j, is the name Castilians give to Xàtiva. But now, as almost always (excepting a period after it was burned out by the Castilian king, who renamed it to "San Felipe" as an humiliation), its name is Xàtiva. I don't know the motivations the one who wrote the sentence above had, but it is in no doubt false. You can check this:
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xativa
 * http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xativa (Catalan Wikipedia) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.129.3.122 (talk) 04:40, 20 December 2008 (UTC)

List of Mills
Is a list of paper mills really necessary... there's thousands of them in the world isn't there —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.202.146.213 (talk) 23:44, 16 May 2009 (UTC)

Need for real experts on medieval papermaking
To stress the point again: Historical investigations into the origin of the paper mill, that is a water-powered mill as opposed to the manual pounding of the pulp with hand pestles, are complicated by the propensity of modern authors to refer indiscriminately to any ancient paper manufacturing centre as a "mill".

Therefore, let only the real experts on the topic speak. People who do the primary research. Not secondary or tertiary authors who cite outdated views while the specialist scholarship has already long moved on. What I am saying is, the complexity of the topic is such that simply quoting views of authors who refer in passing to "paper mills" is not enough.

I have no edited the historical section so that only authors of the first category are included, but recycler or mere quoters are removed. Pertinent experts are:
 * Thomas F. Glick
 * Robert I. Burns
 * Donald Routledge Hill
 * Tsuen-Hsuin Tsien Gun Powder Ma (talk) 11:41, 16 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Bloom has largely been superseded, he offers little in the way of a discussion of the evidence, but simply asserts the existence of "paper mills". Gun Powder Ma (talk) 16:44, 21 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I do not claim to be an expert, but I would support the view that the most reliable source will normally be recent academic writing specifically on the subject, not earlier allusions in tertiary (or more derivative works), probably copying from older academic works, superseded by modern research. Peterkingiron (talk) 22:12, 21 March 2010 (UTC)

 * This is at large also my view. However, I found Burns superseding even later scholarship, as he really probed the individual claims, much more than all other experts I consulted. Bloom, for one, might be a nice guy, but he is uncritical in his terminology, mostly simply asserting the existence of paper mills; he does not offer a discussion of the primary sources, and repeatedly does not even cite a reference at all. I do think that we have to give scholars like Burns preeminence over others who just repeat more or less uncritically outdated views. Gun Powder Ma (talk) 01:33, 22 March 2010 (UTC)

Ambiguity of the term
There is one point we have overlooked so far: a paper mill can not only be a water-powered, but also an animal-powered mill! So, in those cases where the cited authors do not offer further specifications as to their terminology, such as J. Bloom, we are at a loss with regard to the exact meaning of "paper mill". In my view, the consequence is clearly that all these authors where the meaning is unclear should be removed from the article, since we have no way of knowing whether they refer to an animal-driven, water-powered or no mill at all. Gun Powder Ma (talk) 02:27, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

 * In addition to animal-powered mills, there are also human-powered mills, usually powered by foot-pedals. Like Bloomjo suggested, there is no reason to assume a paper mill needs to be water-powered rather than human-powered or animal-powered, given the number of authors who do not define paper mills exclusively in terms of water power. Regards, Jagged 85 (talk) 03:01, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

 * So, I guess, we need to make that clear to the reader somehow. But the problem remains that only few authors ever specify what they mean with a "paper mill" which suggests that they are not even aware of the ambiguity of their terminology. Gun Powder Ma (talk) 11:49, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

Company Oval Strapping
www.ovalintl.com http://orf.at/#/stories/2085047/ could give an article. --Helium4 (talk) 09:44, 19 October 2011 (UTC)

Market pulp link to section in Pulp (paper) page
So, first time trying to do something good here ('cept for donating!).. The "Market Pulp" page is not created, but it is described in Pulp_(paper) page under #Market_pulp. I don't want to mess up the page, so anyone with a little knowledge could link "Market pulp" mention to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_(paper)#Market_pulp and it'd be swell. Thanks bye! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.89.97.1 (talk) 09:29, 12 June 2013 (UTC)

Possible redraft for
CURRENT VERSION -

Historical investigations into the origin of the paper mill are complicated by differing definitions and loose terminology from modern authors: Many modern scholars use the term to refer indiscriminately to all kinds of mills, whether powered by humans, by animals or by water. Their propensity to refer to any ancient paper manufacturing centre as a "mill", without further specifying its exact power drive, has increased the difficulty of identifying the particularly efficient and historically important water-powered type.[1]

Hum

PROPOSED REDRAFT - Many modern scholars fail to say what powered the mills they discuss. This makes it difficult to be sure when water-powered mills were invented.

PS Is it the modern scholars who fail to say what type of power is used? Or their sources? If it's their sources, then perhaps you need -

Historical source often fail to say ...

I am very new to Wiki so I hope this is OK. if you like it I'll leave it to you to change it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Julianthebarbarian (talk • contribs) 18:40, 10 April 2016 (UTC)

another redraft
CURRENT VERSION - The general absence of the use of water-power in Muslim papermaking is suggested by the habit of Muslim authors to call a production center not a "mill", but a "paper manufactory".[6]

PROPOSED REDRAFT - Muslim authors generally call a production center a "paper factory" not a "mill", suggesting that that they did not use water power. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Julianthebarbarian (talk • contribs) 18:47, 10 April 2016 (UTC)

 * I find the use of the word "Muslim" curious. Do you mean "Arab"? Muslim covers a lot of geography - the Arab peninsula, North Africa, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, to name a few countries. Perhaps you could clarify which Muslim authors you're referring to? DBlomgren (talk) 17:33, 19 July 2016 (UTC)

Characteristics: the smell?
I'm writing about paper mills in the mid to late 19th century in Sweden. I assume they smelled as badly as the mills I passed by as a kid. Can anyone confirm the smell being a notable characteristic? If so, please add to the article. DBlomgren (talk) 17:33, 19 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Paper mill


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Unit Ei 1644

Unit Ei 1644 (栄1644部隊) — also known as Unit 1644, Detachment Ei 1644, Detachment Ei, Detachment Tama, The Nanking Detachment, or simply Unit Ei, was a Japanese laboratory and biological warfare facility under control of the Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department. It was established in 1939 in Japanese-occupied Nanjing as a satellite unit of Unit 731. It had 12 branches and employed about 1,500 men.

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Unit Ei engaged in "producing on a mass scale lethal bacteria to be used as weapons against the Chinese forces and civilian population" and "took a direct part in employing bacteriological weapons against the Chinese forces and local inhabitants during the military operations of the Japanese troops," according to its Chief, Shunji Sato.

Human experiments
Sato claimed in his testimony that Unit Ei "did not conduct experiments on human beings."

An anonymous researcher, who claims he was attached to Unit 1644, says that it regularly carried out human vivisections as well as infecting humans with cholera, typhus, and bubonic plague. The researcher and his family had not yet reached an agreement about releasing his name.

The human experiments on Unit Ei 1644 took place in the confines of the fourth floor in the facility, which was out of bounds for the majority of the Unit Ei 1644. Reportedly, only a minority of the staff took part in the BW experiments on humans at Unit Ei 1644, such as the unit's doctors and high level technicians. Each week between ten and twenty persons were exposed to poisons, germs and different gases, and about ten were killed weekly by gases, lethal injections and bullets after having been used as test subjects.

A soldier stationed at the Unit testified, that ordinary soldiers were not allowed beyond the second floor and not informed that human experiments were taking place there, but they were aware of rumours to that effect. The soldier had heard that they were prisoners kept at the fourth floor, and was told by an officer: "There is a lumber storage facility on the fourth floor. You never go above the second floor, you got it." several units referred to human test subjects and corpses as ‘logs’ to be burned/incinerated, also solidifying soldier’s assumption of what really happened on floors they were not granted access to. There was an incinerator in the Unit in which dead prisoners were cremated.

When the war ended, the remaining test subjects were killed, the East Zhingsahn Street complex was destroyed with explosive charges and the staff evacuated.

Capabilities
Sato testified that while Chief of the Unit, it was "devising bacteriological weapons and producing them on a mass scale. For this purpose the Nanking Detachment Ei was supplied with high-capacity equipment and with bacteriological experts, and it produced lethal bacteria on a mass scale. Under my direction ... the Training Division every year trained about 300 bacteriologists with the object of employing them in bacteriological warfare."

According to Sato, "...the output of bacteria substance was 10 kilograms per production cycle." The facility also bred fleas for the purposes of plague infection.

Sato also testified about the equipment of Unit Ei, "The output capacity of the Nanking Detachment Ei 1644 for the production of lethal bacteria was up to 10 kilograms per production cycle." To produce this quantity of bacteria, Detachment Ei 1644 had the following equipment: and for cooking media, the detachment had large retorts..."
 * Ishii cultivators, about 200; incubator room, 1, dimensions 5x5x3 meters;
 * 2 cylindrical autoclaves, 1 .5 meters in diameter and 2.5 meters long;
 * incubators, about 40-50
 * steam sterilizers, 40-50
 * Koch boilers, about 40–50,

Members
The first Chief of Unit Ei was Shiro Ishii, then Colonel Oota. In February 1943, Sato was appointed Chief of Unit Ei. He served as Chief until February 1944. Sato testified at the Khabarovsk War Crime Trials that Unit Ei "possessed high-capacity equipment for the breeding of germs for bacteriological warfare."

Lieutenant Colonel Onadera was Chief of the General Division. Captain Murata was in charge of breeding fleas.

Biological warfare
In late August 1942, Unit Ei participated in a biological attack against Chinese citizens and soldiers in Yushan County, Jinhua, and Fuqing. As Kawashima Kiyoshi testified, "..[The] bacteriological weapon was employed on the ground, the contaminating of the territory being done by sabotage action. ... The advancing Chinese troops entered the contaminated zone and came under the action of the bacteriological weapon." Cholera and plague cultures used during the attack were made at Unit Ei. Sato testified he was told that "plague, cholera and paratyphoid germs were employed against the Chinese by spraying. The plague germs were disseminated through fleas, the other germs in the pure form—by contaminating reservoirs, wells, rivers, etc." The plague fleas were also from Unit Ei.

A Japanese who was part of Unit Ei 1644 admitted that the Japanese suffered a major disaster in their 1942 biological weapons attack in Zhejiang, saying that he saw papers which said 1,700 killed at the Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department but admitted Japanese regularly downplayed their own casualties so the real death toll was higher.

Aftermath
When the war ended, the remaining test subjects were killed, the East Zhingsahn Street complex was destroyed with explosive charges and the staff evacuated.

title: Unit Ei 1644


text:
Choo

Choo may refer to:

Surname

 * Alternative spelling of Chu (Korean name)
 * Alternative spelling of Zhu (surname), a Chinese surname
 * Spelling of Zhou (surname)
 * Jimmy Choo (born 1961), Malaysian fashion designer now based in London

Given name

 * Choo-Choo Coleman, American baseball player
 * Choo Freeman (born 1979), American baseball player

Other meanings

 * Choo, Chinese name for the star Alpha Arae
 * Choo, village in Ghana near Adibo
 * Choo, character in the Japanese manga and anime series One Piece

title: Choo


text:
User talk:Sacredwombat

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 19:09, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sacredwombat


text:
User talk:Jmoran666@btinternet.com

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
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 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 19:09, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jmoran666@btinternet.com


text:
User talk:JonMartinKarl

Iovation Inc. at AfD
Hi! The article on Iovation Inc., which you have made significant contributions to, has been listed at Articles for Deletion (AfD) in accordance with Wikipedia's deletion policy. If you have an interest in preserving the article, you may place a vote on the article's AfD page, explaining why the article should be included in Wikipedia. I've also speedy deleted the article you created on yourself, as it met one of our criteria to do so (see WP:DVAIN). You may want to take a look at the welcome page to see what kind of contributions Wikipedia expects. - ulayiti (talk)  19:09, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Please do not re-create the article about yourself without asserting notability. Wikipedia's policy is to speedily delete all articles about real people that do not assert any notability. I hope you understand that founding a company does not automatically make you worthy of inclusion in an encyclopaedia. I've deleted the article. Please have a look at the welcome page. If you have any questions, feel free to ask me at my talk page. - ulayiti (talk)  20:11, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:JonMartinKarl


text:
User talk:Fuhsce

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
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Meelar (talk) 19:09, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fuhsce


text: User talk:86.131.158.120

title: User talk:86.131.158.120


text:
Philly Lutaaya

Philly Bongoley Lutaaya (19 October 1951 – 15 December 1989) was a Ugandan musician who was the first prominent Ugandan to give a human face to HIV/AIDS. He became a national hero because he was the first Ugandan to declare that he was HIV – positive. That was in 1988, when HIV still carried a lot of stigma. Before dying of AIDS, Lutaaya spent his remaining time writing songs about his battle with AIDS, releasing his last album Alone and Frightened, including his famous song "Alone", influenced by Swedish duo Roxette's hit song It Must Have Been Loveas well as touring churches and schools throughout Uganda to spread a message of prevention and hope. Lutaaya was popular in Uganda in the 1960s, and in the 1970s he toured the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, and Japan. In the mid-1980s, he settled in Stockholm, Sweden. There he recorded his hit album Born in Africa, which is still popular in Uganda. Philly could play the guitar, piano (keyboards), and drums. He's music still lives on uptodate

Lutaaya's Christmas Album, produced in 1986, remains his most popular album to date. The album, whose songs were written in native Luganda, remains central to Christmas celebrations in Uganda. It includes classics such as "Merry Christmas, Zuukuka, Tumusinze, Ssekukkulu, Gloria, Anindiridde, and Katujaguze. To date, Philly Lutaaya remains one of the best recording musicians Uganda has ever produced.

Lutaaya's music incorporates western pop music style as observed in songs like "Anifa sembera, Gloria, I have a dream, the voice is crying out, sirimba, sekukkulu to mention."

Awards
In 2004, he won Lifetime Achievement Award at the Pearl of Africa Music Awards (PAM Awards)

Later in 2007, various Ugandan artists came together to re-record some of Lutaya's greatest hits. Bebe Cool sang "Born in Africa", Juliana Kanyomozi re-did "Diana". Iryn Namubiru and Nubian Li of Fire Base Crew both re-did "Empisazo".

Legacy
After his death at age 38, the Philly Lutaaya Initiative Association was created by a group of infected and affected peers at that time to help educate people about the dangers of HIV/AIDS. With assistance from UNICEF, the initiative sponsors lectures in schools and communities across Uganda highlighting personal testimonials of hundreds of people infected with HIV. In Uganda, 17 October is the Philly Bongoley Lutaaya Day observed by the Uganda Aids Commission. 2014 daughter Tezra Lutaaya started a community-based organisation to keep her father's legacy alive. The organisation will help boost the socio-economic lives of AIDS orphans and widows through a Philly Lutaaya Vocational Centre in Kanoni, Gomba. This is the birthplace of Philly Lutaaya.

A biopic about Philly's life is in development by filmmaker Usama Mukwaya.

Albums

 * Merry Christmas (1987, remastered and re-released 11 December 2015)
 * Alone (1988, remastered and re-released 11 December 2015)
 * Alone II The legacy (1988, remastered and re-released 11 December 2015)
 * Tumusinze (1988, remastered and re-released 11 December 2015)
 * Born in Africa (1986, remastered and re-released 11 December 2015)

title: Philly Lutaaya


text:
The Deposition from the Cross (Pontormo)

The Deposition from the Cross is an altarpiece, completed in 1528, depicting the Deposition of Christ by the Italian Renaissance painter Jacopo Pontormo. It is broadly considered to be the artist's surviving masterpiece. Painted in tempera on wood, it is located above the altar of the Capponi Chapel of the church of Santa Felicita in Florence.

Interpretation
This painting suggests a whirling dance of the grief-stricken. They inhabit a flattened space, comprising a sculptural congregation of brightly demarcated colors. The vortex of the composition droops down towards the limp body of Jesus off center in the left. Those lowering Christ appear to demand our help in sustaining both the weight of his body (and the burden of sin Christ took on) and their grief. No cross is visible; the natural world itself also appears to have nearly vanished: a lonely cloud and a shadowed patch of ground with a crumpled sheet provide sky and stratum for the mourners. If the sky and earth have lost color, the mourners have not; bright swathes of pink and blue envelop the pallid, limp Christ.

Pontormo's undulating mannerist contortions have been interpreted as intending to express apoplectic and uncontrolled spasms of melancholy. The Virgin, larger than her counterparts, swoons sideways inviting the support of those behind her; the Swoon of the Virgin was a controversial moment at the time. The assembly looks completely interlocked, as if architecturally integrated. Legend has it that Pontormo set himself in self-portrait at the extreme right of the canvas; but ultimately, the most compelling and empathic figure is the crouching man in the foreground, whose expression mixes the weight of the cadaver and the weight of melancholy.

This painting plays a key role and is discussed extensively in Sarah Winman's novel, Still Life.

Other works
The Deposition from the Cross is one of the standard scenes from the life of Jesus in medieval art, and because of the complexities of the composition, it is one in which Renaissance artists continued to take a great interest. Several years prior to Pontormo's masterpiece, the Florentine painter Rosso Fiorentino had painted a more phantasmagorical and gymnastically challenged array in his crowded version of the Deposition of 1521.

Pontormo's grieving crowds and brightness of color also provide a stark contrast to Caravaggio's somber Deposition from the Cross or Entombment in the Vatican Pinacoteca. The Deposition by Raphael in the Galleria Borghese shows a later, though related scene: the Entombment of Christ.

In addition to works of the same subject by other artists, Pontormo's own work from the time provides a useful comparison. The decoration in the dome of the Capponi chapel is now lost, but four roundels with the Evangelists still adorn the pendentives, which were painted by both Pontormo and his apprentice Bronzino. The swathed drapery in The Visitation (1529) in the church of San Michele e Francesco at Carmignano bears a striking resemblance to that in the Deposition. The contrapposto of the figures can be compared to Pontormo's Annunciation (1520s) frescoed on the adjacent wall.


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Peer Impact

Peer Impact was the name of a pay-for-download file-sharing service created by Wurld Media, Inc.

As the name suggests, it utilized a peer-to-peer distribution system similar to BitTorrent to speed downloads. To compensate users for their bandwidth, Peer Impact paid out cash-credit rewards toward future purchases. Like iTunes, songs on Peer Impact cost $0.99 each. Other media was also available, including radio, video, audio books, and video games.

Peer Impact was launched by Wurld Media in August 2005 with signed digital distribution contracts with four large content providers: Sony BMG Music Entertainment, Universal Music Group, Warner Music Group, and EMI. Wurld Media is the first legally sanctioned digital distributor to sign agreements with all four of these content owners. It also had deals with NBC/Universal, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Bros. Pictures to provide video on demand content.

Although Peer Impact used a peer-to-peer architecture, it maintained centralized control of verification and authorization of downloads to ensure that only legal content was exchanged within the network. This was also important to ensure that content redistributors and copyright owners were appropriately compensated.

Wurld Media, Peer Impact's parent company, was acquired for 10 million dollars by the ROO Group on February 26, 2007.

title: Peer Impact


text:
Holley Rubinsky

Holley Rubinsky (May 18, 1943 – August 1, 2015) was an American-born Canadian fiction writer who lived in Kaslo, British Columbia.

Biography
Rubinsky was born on May 18, 1943, in Long Beach, California. She came to Kaslo, British Columbia, in 1976 with her daughter, the artist and children's book writer, Robin Ballard.

In 1984, she married Yuri Rubinsky, whom she had met at a Banff Publishing Workshop, and couple moved to Toronto.

The title story of Rubinsky's first book, Rapid Transits and Other Stories (Polestar, 1991), won the first $10,000 Journey Prize (1989), as well as the Canadian National Magazine Awards Gold Medal for fiction and a nomination for the Western Magazines Award. At First I Hope for Rescue (Knopf Canada, 1997; Picador, 1998) was shortlisted for B.C.'s Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize, and was chosen for the Barnes & Noble Booksellers "Discover great new writers program". Beyond This Point was published by McClelland & Stewart in 2006. Her collection of short fiction, South of Elfrida (Brindle & Glass), was published in 2013.

Yuri died January 21, 1996, after suffering a massive and unexpected heart attack. After his death, she moved to Arizona, then returned to Kaslo in 2001.

From 2006-2008, Rubinsky was host of The Writers' Show produced by CJLY-FM, Kootenay Coop Radio, a weekly program about the process of writing and experiences in publishing.

Rubinsky died of cancer on August 1, 2015. Since 2016, she has been memorialized by the Holley Rubinsky Blue Pencil Sessions at the annual Elephant Mountain Literary Festival in Nelson, B.C.

Publications

 * Rapid Transit and Other Stories. Vancouver: Polestar, 1991.
 * At First I Hope For Rescue. Toronto: Knopf Canada, 1997; New York: Picador, 1998.
 * Beyond this Point. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 2006.
 * South of Elfrida. Victoria: Brindle & Glass, 2013.

title: Holley Rubinsky


text:
1965 SEAP Games

The 1965 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, officially known as the 3rd Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, was a Southeast Asian multi-sport event held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from 14 to 21 December 1965 with 14 sports featured in the games. Originally to be hosted by Laos, the third edition of the games was hosted by Malaysia after the former was not able to honour its hosting commitment citing financial difficulties and would later known to have hosted the 2009 SEA Games decades later. Two years earlier, the third SEAP Games was cancelled as Cambodia pulled out of hosting the event due to internal strife. This was the first time Malaysia host the games. Malaysia is the third country to host the Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, which later known as the Southeast Asian Games after Thailand and Myanmar, then Burma. The games was opened and closed by Ismail Nasiruddin, the King of Malaysia at the Stadium Merdeka. The final medal tally was led by Thailand followed by host Malaysia and Singapore.

Participating nations

 * Burma (135)
 * (40)
 * Laos (20)
 * (host) (189)
 * (114)
 * South Vietnam (121)
 * 🇹🇭 (186)

Medal table

 * Key

title: 1965 SEAP Games


text:
Spezia Calcio

Spezia Calcio is an Italian professional football club based in La Spezia, Liguria, currently competing in the Serie B. Spezia Calcio was founded in 1906 by the Swiss banker Hermann Hurni (or Hurny in some documents), who played for the early Crystal Palace amateur teams in London during his time there as a student.

The first Spezia playing kit, light blue and white, was a second-hand amateur Crystal Palace kit donated to Hurny when he returned to La Spezia. In 1911, following the decision of Alberto Picco and others to honour Pro Vercelli as an example of a small team able to beat the big teams, a plain white shirt was adopted with black shorts and black socks, which is still in use today. In the 1920s prior to the creation of Serie A, Spezia played several top league games against the giants of Italian football including AC Milan, Juventus, and Inter Milan. The club has participated in all tiers of the Italian football system.

Spezia won the 1944 Campionato Alta Italia which was officially recognized by FIGC (the Italian Football Federation) in 2002 after a long dispute and the use of a special permanent badge was authorized. The tricolour badge is exhibited on the official jerseys during games and has a different shape and size compared to the ordinary Scudetto.

Following the fall from Serie B in 1951, Spezia was destined to languish in third and fourth division for 55 years. The 2000s saw the return to Serie B in 2006, bankruptcy and the rebirth re-establishing themselves as a regular Serie B team once again. In 2020, exactly 100 years from its first appearance at the top level, Spezia finally returned to Serie A as the winner of the promotion play-offs, securing a second Serie A term for the 2021–22 season.

Early history (1906–1944)

Spezia Calcio was founded in 1906 by the Swiss banker Hermann Hurny (or Hurni in some documents), who played for the reserves of Crystal Palace in London during his time there as a student. Allegedly the first Spezia kit, light blue and white, was a second hand Crystal Palace kit donated to Hurny when he returned to La Spezia. He played for Crystal Palace again (in its revived form) in 1909.

In 1926, they won the Seconda Divisione and were promoted to the Prima Divisione, which was at that time the second-highest level of Italian football. In 1929 Spezia won the Prima Divisione but the league was demoted to become the third division in Italy so the team remained at the second level, playing in Serie B.

For the 1929–30 season, the club played in the first season of the newly formed Serie B and changed their name to AC Spezia. Spezia remained at this level before suffering relegation in 1935, only to swiftly return for the 1936–37 season.

In 1944, because of World War II, the Italian football federation decided to split the top league into regional rounds. The team, named 42° Corpo dei Vigili del Fuoco della Spezia (Firefighters of La Spezia) after a merger with the local firefighter to have a sufficient number of players, was included in Round D of Emilia-Romagna, together with Corradini Suzzara, Fidentina, Orlandi Busseto and Parma. Spezia won the round and qualified to the semi-finals, in which it challenged Suzzara, Carpi and Modena. Spezia won also this round, winning five of the six matches played, losing only to Carpi. By winning the semi-final round, Spezia was admitted to play a two-legs play-off against Bologna.

The first match, played in Bologna, was suspended because of incidents after the 1–0 goal of Spezia by the Bologna supporters; Spezia was awarded a 2–0 win because of that. The return match, scheduled to be played in La Spezia, was first moved to Carpi, because of the heavy bombings in the Ligurian city during the period, then cancelled because of protests by Bologna chairman Renato Dall'Ara, so Spezia was admitted to the final without playing the return match.

The finals, held in Milan, were played against Venezia and Torino. On 9 July 1944, the first match between Spezia and Venezia was played: it ended in a 1–1 draw. commented by the Gazzetta dello Sport as a "surprising result".

On 16 July, Spezia challenged the Grande Torino, with Vittorio Pozzo as coach and Silvio Piola as striker. The match ended in an epic 2–1 victory for Spezia. After the third match, in which Torino beat Venezia in a 5–2 win, Spezia was declared champion.

The title was officially recognised by FIGC in 2002 as decoration.

Following the decision of FIGC in 2002, Spezia is authorized by the Italian Federation to exhibit a tricolour badge on the official jerseys which is unique, being the only example of a permanent one in Italy. The badge has a different shape and size compared to the ordinary Scudetto.

Post-war era to bankruptcy (1944–2008)
After the war, the Italian football system once again consisted of national leagues, as opposed to regional rounds, and Spezia returned to Serie B from 1946 to 1951. Relegation in the 1950–51 season led to a rapid fall through the divisions, as the club was relegated in three consecutive seasons back into the local Promozione Ligure in 1953. The club's name was changed to A.C. Spezia-Arsenal in 1954, only to change again to Football Club Spezia 1906 just a year later.

Promotion back to Serie C in 1958 marked the beginning of a period in which the club bounced back and forth between the third and fourth levels of Italian football, a cycle that would continue until finally returning to Serie B in the 2000s. The most consistent spell in a single division was Spezia's run in Serie C from 1966 to 1979, when the club finished in 17th position and was again relegated to the fourth-division Serie C2. Spezia returned the next year with another promotion but again fell back down in 1981. Another spell in Serie C was to follow from 1986 to 1997, when the club returned to the fourth tier once more. The name of the club was changed to its current name Spezia Calcio in 1995.

In 2002, the club reached an agreement with Internazionale, making the club Inter's feeder club, with the Milan club holding a percentage in Spezia ownership shares. The team signed Goran Pandev, Aco Stojkov, and Alex Cordaz in the first season. In the second season, Cristian Lizzori, Luca Ceccarelli and Nicola Napolitano were signed. In 2004–05 season, Spezia received Antonio Rizzo from Fiorentina and Paolo Castelli from Internazionale.

Players like Alex Cordaz, Riccardo Meggiorini and Paolo Hernán Dellafiore joined the team directly from Inter to boost the team in January 2005. The season ended with winning Coppa Italia Serie C against Frosinone. After the season, Inter sold most of its shares in Spezia. The next season (2005–06) started with the arrival of a new owner, Giuseppe Ruggieri, and a new manager, Antonio Soda. After a long battle for the first position with rivals Genoa, Spezia were crowned Serie C1 champion and promoted to Serie B after 55 years of absence. The squad included Vito Grieco, Massimiliano Guidetti, Giuseppe Alessi, Massimiliano Varricchio and Roberto Maltagliati.

Life in Serie B with traditional Italian powerhouses Juventus, Genoa and Napoli was difficult for the newly promoted Ligurian side, which themselves were fighting to avoid the relegation spots in the 2006–07 campaign. With a squad consisting of mid-season signing Guilherme do Prado, Tomás Guzmán, Corrado Colombo, Massimiliano Guidetti, Nicola Santoni, amongst others, Spezia managed to survive in Serie B through finishing in 19th place, gaining participation in the playout round after a late victory in Turin against Juventus. Having tied 2–2 with Juventus, the Ligurians were only seconds away from relegation, but a dramatic goal on the 91st minute by Nicola Padoin condemned Arezzo to the drop to Serie C and qualified Spezia for the playoffs. The first leg against Hellas Verona, who had ended the regular season in 18th position, ended in a 2–1 win for Spezia, and a 0–0 tie in the return match secured Spezia's place in Serie B for the following season.

However, in the next season, with the team led by players such as Isah Eliakwu, Colombo and Do Prado, the club failed to make the miracle happen in consecutive seasons, primarily due to a troubling situation in the financiers of the club and growing economic issues. Spezia finished the 2007/08 season in 21st place, only above Cesena and three points behind Avellino in the final safety position, relegated after two seasons back in Serie B.

In 2008, due to financial difficulty and following their relegation from Serie B, the club was forced to declare bankruptcy. In June 2011 FIGC sanctioned a number of former board members of the bankrupted Spezia for sports fraud.

Refoundation and Serie A (2008–present)
The team was refounded in 2008 as A.S.D. Spezia Calcio 2008 by Gabriele Volpi, the owner of water polo team of Pro Recco and Croatian side HNK Rijeka, winner of numerous scudetti and admitted to the non-professional Serie D, thanks to Article 52 NOIF of FIGC.

Upon promotion in Lega Pro Seconda Divisione at the end of the Serie D 2008–09 season, A.S.D. Spezia changed its denomination in the current "Spezia Calcio", a return to the club name from 1995. Spezia finished Girone A of Lega Pro Seconda Divisione as second and qualified for promotion play-offs in 2009–10 season. Spezia defeated Pavia at semifinal and Legnano at final and were promoted to Girone A of Lega Pro Prima Divisione after making a second consecutive promotion.

During the 2011–12 season, the club secured a Lega Pro treble for the first time; finishing as champions of Lega Pro Prima Divisione/B and being promoted to Serie B, winning the Coppa Italia Lega Pro, and also winning the Supercoppa di Lega di Prima Divisione. A 3–0 victory against Latina on 6 May 2012 secured promotion, Spezia's third in four seasons as part of a rise from the fifth to the second level of the national football system.

After returning to Serie B, the club enjoyed relative success, generally finishing in mid-table or qualifying for the promotion playoffs from 2012 to 2019. In this time, Spezia qualified for the playoffs on five occasions, only to be eliminated in the first round four times and was defeated in the semifinals by Trapani in the 2015–16 season. This period established the club as a consistent contender for promotion to Serie A. A big international investment was made by Australian businessman Lucas Vivarelli during this time, when he bought the team's home kit, enabling the club to grow further with such significant funding.

In the 2019–20 season, Spezia finished in third place, only behind the automatically promoted Benevento and Crotone, equaling their highest ever league finish. This was the sixth occasion in which Spezia had reached the Serie B promotion playoffs in the previous eight years. After beating Chievo in the semi-final of the promotion play-offs, Spezia won promotion to Serie A for the first time on 20 August 2020 by defeating Frosinone in the final via the tiebreaker rule over two legs (with each team having won 1–0 in each leg respectively, but Spezia ending the regular league season five places higher than eighth placed Frosinone). This was Spezia's fourth promotion since Volpi's refoundation in 2008 (the club rising from the-then fifth-tier Serie D to Serie A in just 12 years).

After clinching promotion just over a month prior, Spezia played its first home game of the 2020–21 Serie A season against Sassuolo on 27 September 2020, ending in a 4–1 home defeat, with Andrey Galabinov scoring their first-ever top-flight goal. Spezia won its first Serie A match on 30 September, against Udinese, ending in a 2–0 away win. Volpi, having owned the club for just under 13 years and supporting its rise through the Italian professional divisions, sold the club in February 2021 to an American ownership group headed by the family of Robert Platek, a partner of U.S. private investment firm MSD Capital. Despite having been widely expected to lose its relegation battle at the end of the first season in Serie A, Spezia impressively overcame much larger and wealthier clubs on several occasions throughout the season, including a home win against Milan, a 2–1 away victory over Napoli, followed by further success in the Liguria derby against Sampdoria, whilst also earning draws against Internazionale, Roma and Atalanta. Boosted by the flexible attacking-based tactics of coach Vincenzo Italiano, Spezia's on-field success was most notable in their improved second half of the season, which led to a 15th-place finish with 39 points (six more than Benevento in the final relegation position), with survival eventually being secured through a 4–1 win at home to Torino on 15 May 2021. Another notable feat during the season was the call-up of star midfielder Matteo Ricci to the Italy national team in March 2021, 85 years after club legend Luigi Scarabello played for Italy (the last Italian international to have played for Spezia simultaneously). Alongside Ricci, key players who impressed for the Ligurians upon their survival in the top-flight include striker M'Bala Nzola, scorer of 11 goals in 2020/21, loanee Tommaso Pobega, Emmanuel Gyasi, as well as academy products Giulio Maggiore and Simone Bastoni.

Ahead of Spezia's second season in Serie A, the club lost coach Italiano, who was appointed by Fiorentina. He would be replaced by Thiago Motta. The club was also hit by the news that it had been subjected to a two-year transfer ban by FIFA, active from January 2022, due to a breach of national immigration law through illegally signing 13 underage players from Nigeria, that was later reduced to a one-year partially suspended sentence on appeal.

Colours, stadium and supporters
Spezia's official club colours are white and black. The home kit traditionally consists of a plain white shirt with black trim, black shorts and black socks. White shorts and socks are also commonly used in the event of kit clashes with opponents. Away kits typically feature either an all-black design for shirts, shorts and socks, or the reverse of the home kit, but may also feature a variety of different colours, often changing each season. The club's nickname is Gli Aquilotti ("The Eagles").

The club hosts its matches at the 10,336-capacity Stadio Alberto Picco, which has been the club's home stadium since 1919. For the 2020–21 season, Spezia was forced to play many of its home matches at the Stadio Dino Manuzzi in Cesena, which has a capacity of just under 24,000, because its home stadium did not meet Serie A requirements. However, Spezia was eventually able to return to the Alberto Picco in the latter stage of the season after undergoing renovations.

Spezia's fanbase is almost exclusively based in the city of La Spezia and the surrounding areas, due to the domination of Liguria of its two largest clubs, Genoa and Sampdoria, who are heavily supported throughout the region. With Liguria having become known as a breeding ground for multiple teams since the early days of football in Italy, many derbies have emerged between the football clubs of the region. Spezia maintains minor rivalries with Liguria's more traditional powerhouses, Genoa and Sampdoria, with fierce historical meetings with the former in their battle for promotion in the 2005–06 Serie C season as well as on numerous occasions in Serie B, along with the more recent matches between Spezia and both of these two clubs in Serie A from Spezia's first season in 2020/21. Similarly, the club has played many notable fixtures against Pisa, which has become known as the Tuscan-Ligurian Derby, as well as a rivalry with Carrarese in the Derby Lunense. Other rivalries that Spezia has contested throughout its history, particularly in its time in the lower leagues of Italian football, include those with other Ligurian sides such as Virtus Entella, Savona, Sestrese and Sanremese.

Recent seasons
The recent season-by-season performance of the club:

 * Key

World Cup players
The following players have been selected by their country in the World Cup Finals, while playing for Spezia.

 * 🏴 Ethan Ampadu (2022)
 * 🇵🇱 Bartłomiej Drągowski (2022)
 * 🇵🇱 Jakub Kiwior (2022)

League

 * Divisione Nazionale
 * Winners (1): 1944 (honorary)
 * Serie C1 (Level 3)
 * Winners (3): 1935–36 (Group B), 2005–06 (Group A), 2011–12 (Group B)
 * Runners-up (1): 2001–02 (Group A)
 * Serie C2 (Level 4)
 * Winners (1): 1999–2000 (Group A)
 * Runners-up (3): 1979–80 (Group A), 1985–86 (Group A) , 2009–10 (Group A)
 * IV Serie (Level 4)
 * Winners (1): 1957–58
 * Runners-up (1): 1955–56 (Group E)
 * Serie D (Level 4)
 * Winners (1): 1965–66 (Group A)
 * Runners-up (1): 2008–09 (Group A)
 * Serie B (Level 2)
 * Play-off winners (1): 2019–20

Cup

 * Prima Divisione (forerunner of present-day Serie B)
 * Winners (1): 1928–29
 * Supercoppa di Serie C
 * Winners (2): 2006, 2012
 * Coppa Italia Serie C
 * Winners (2): 2004–05, 2011–12
 * Scudetto Serie D
 * Winners (1): 1957–58
 * Coppa Ottorino Mattei
 * Winners (1): 1957–58

title: Spezia Calcio


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mark G. Turnbull

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedied. android 79  00:03, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Mark G. Turnbull
Vanity. This guy takes 3 paragraphs to say "I like politics, but I haven't run for any office." Best he's done is president of the Young Democrat club at his college and some campaigning for various politicians. R. fiend 19:13, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom.--Alhutch 19:44, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete borderline CSD:A7 speedy.--Isotope23 20:29, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. I think it's surely an A7 speedy, but it might not work as such due to its length.  Friday (talk) 20:48, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You know, if it had been a bit shorter, unwikified, and hadn't been here for over two months, I probably would have speedied it. Even though those things have no bearing on the CSD criteria, I decided to bring it here. I guess it's just psychological. If another admin wants to speedy it, I will certainly not stand in their way. -R. fiend 22:24, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, what the heck, in that case, I'll put an nn-bio tag on it and see what happens. Friday (talk) 23:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity, nn. -Greg Asche (talk) 21:51, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Glennmcdonald

Info

 * Personal site: Furia
 * Professional resume: glenn_mcdonald.pdf
 * Employment: EMC Documentum, Senior Product Strategist, Documentum eRoom, Product Designer

Wikipedia interests

 * Semantic MediaWiki
 * Semantic MediaWiki/Background: Ontologies and the Semantic Web

title: User:Glennmcdonald


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/29a

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Linuxbeak | Talk 22:28, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

29a

 * Also See Articles for deletion/Benny/29a -- ( ☺ drini ♫ | ☎ ) 18:11, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - vanity/advert for their group and weblogs (see the three weblog links and long list of members) - Tεx τ  urε  19:13, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable group.--Isotope23 20:44, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as nn scriptkiddiecruft. MCB 04:03, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity - nn adv. Vsmith 16:04, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * See also Articles for deletion/Benny/29a Vsmith 16:19, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete nn group; no links from articles in main namespace; deadend; WP:NPOV; WP:V; WP:VAIN --Kgf0 18:25, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NN.  Even as "re-written" to just be the conversion to decimal. Wikibofh 14:16, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity to say the least Masterhatch 10:44, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Anon votes

 * DON'T DELETE - the world should know about the group and it is a notable group. What are you guys scared of?  If you want to take down the links to the weblogs then fine take down the links.  The member list should stay because there is a member list availble on the internet already!  What's the point in deleting it!?!?!? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.64.5.97 (talk • contribs) 2005-10-11 09:17:00 UTC
 * Don't Delete Your making a big deal out of nothing. The links are off and it is a notable group. The article shall continue to be written and be up as long as there are no links to any weblogs (since your gonna make a big deal about it.) If you want your proof to the list of members then why don't you just go to this link [vx.netlux.org/lib/static/vdat/groups1.htm here]. Your denying the right for the public to view this information. This group has been in the news many times before. At the VERY least then leave the paragraph up about them and take the member list down. As I have said before this article shall remain up. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.64.5.97 (talk • contribs) 2005-10-12 10:43:00 UTC
 * Note: above edit was intended to replace all delete votes, reverted by Kgf0 18:02, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/29a


text:
User talk:Veritatis~enwiki

Welcome
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the Wikipedia Boot Camp, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type   on your user page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
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 * How to write a great article
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 * Manual of Style

JDH Owenstalk 19:15, 10 October 2005 (UTC) P.S., I love getting messages!

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Veritatis. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Veritatis~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:13, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Veritatis~enwiki


text:
Talk:Holiday (Green Day song)

Lyric Issue
In the spoken verse, the second line goes: Paparazzi, Eiffel Towers, will criticize your government; not pulverise the eiffel towers. At least, this is what's written in the lyric booklet provided with the cd. Or is it a mistake in the booklet? I doubt it. - Ishaandirnt
 * Scan it —Preceding unsigned comment added by Blaze7755 (talk • contribs) 17:23, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

George Bush OR Politicians?
Regarding the article: he said "'fuck you' to George W. Bush" and not "all the politicians". - Macintalk

There is a sentence in one of the first paragraphs that talks about "Jackson is so awesome he was secretly in every scence of the video..." Could someone who knows what that even means please fix it?

In regard to Macintalk, no he didn't. He said "...a big fuck you to all the politicians."
 * I do know on the Bullet in a Bible DVD, he talks about "all the politicians", but on other live versions of the song, he directs it towards Bush personally. -- Selmo (talk) 03:33, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

Odd title
Anyone know why it's called Holiday when it's a song about war.Buc 21:22, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

my guess is that Armstrong is commenting how politicians treat their day job like it's holiday time. I have always felt that the lyrics are a mockery of how some politicians discuss and make decisions. Rosham60 (talk) 10:46, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

Maybe a shout-out to The Dead Kennedys Holiday in Cambodia. They share similar themes. 50.74.14.28 (talk) 18:23, 11 June 2014 (UTC)

Time signature
Isn't it in 12/8, not 4/4? The all the drum tabs suggest that its 12/8, and Tre at some points fills out a bar with 12 notes on the snare... So surly it's 12/8?

RE: I may be wrong, but i dont think the amount of snare notes he plays affects the signature as long as he sticks to the 16 beats (4 by 4). Im pretty sure its a 4 by 4 throughout, but hey, im not an expert! - ishaandirnt —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ishaandirnt (talk • contribs) 15:54, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

You can consider it either way. It's either 12/8, or it's 4/4 with swung eighths and a lot of triplets. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.162.44.48 (talk) 20:03, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

It's 4/4, I play it in marching band. 12 notes = 4 triplet eighths (not swung, that dosen't change amounts). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.193.241.155 (talk) 04:34, 27 May 2010 (UTC)

Rock?
What signals this as Pop Rock and Boulvard as Rock? Who determines this? H2P (Yell at me for what I've done) 20:33, 16 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I have no idea. I move that it be labelled "rock" at least.--Jude 06:38, 17 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I suggest Pop Punk like the rest of their songs on Wiki. H2P (Yell at me for what I've done) 07:08, 17 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I just fixed it. To justify it:  the sidebar said that it was pop punk but the article said it was rock, so I just put "pop punk" into the article to match it up.--Jude 07:17, 17 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Changed to Pop Punk...again. Guys, this is not Alternative Rock or Folk Punk(wtf?).77.30.217.141 (talk) 12:40, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

This isn't punk rock, it's just punk pop!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by RandomEnigma (talk • contribs) 16:32, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

No,it's more punk than pop punk!American Idiot is pop punk,but Holiday is way different than pop punk--188.26.49.48 (talk) 13:07, 5 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Why not have it say pop punk, punk, rock or something of the sort? cymru lass (hit me up)⁄(background check) 21:07, 13 June 2010 (UTC)

tre
did tre cool dress in a drag? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.8.69.18 (talk) 05:05, 4 March 2007 (UTC).
 * In the video, yes.--Jude 07:28, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

This song is not Alternative rock in any way, shape or form
YOU stop changing the genre. -- Blaze7755 (talk) 17:26, 10 April 2008 (UTC)
 * This is not specifically directed at Blaze, but it's more appropriate to put it in this section than create a new one. DO NOT CHANGE THE GENRE IN THE INFOBOX WITHOUT DISCUSSION FIRST. If you want to get the genre of Green Day's music changed, please discuss the change at Talk:Green Day before actually making any changes. Thank you. —Vanderdecken∴ ∫ξφ 19:17, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

Well, what else would you call this song? it's not really pop punk, or punk rock, i personally think Alternative rock is a fitting genre. --Chickenguy13 (talk) 10:19, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

I thought this page was sprotected?
. Que? —Vanderdecken∴ ∫ξφ 19:36, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

Rivers Cuomo?
How do we know it's Rivers Cuomo from Weezer? When I first saw it, I thought it was Buddy Holly or someone like that. ChesterG (talk) 20:59, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

True. In fact, i hadn't even realized that he looked like Rivers after i read the page. He's just a random geek. I really don't think he was intended to look like Rivers. - Ishaandirnt *want to be* KING FOR A DAY! 18:59, 13 March 2009 (UTC)

I think someone from Green Day mentioned something about Rivers Cuomo in the making of the music video for "Holiday". --Blaguymonkey (talk) 02:44, 18 February 2011 (UTC)

Not pop punk
This song isn't pop punk. Minority and LOTAG are pop punk by GREEN DAY and this song doesn't sound all happy and joyful or friendly, read the lyrics — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.28.140.11 (talk) 20:22, 19 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Read Verifiability and Neutral point of view (short version: your opinion of the song is irrelevant, only what reliable sources have to say is relevant). --IllaZilla (talk) 20:36, 19 June 2012 (UTC)

Lets just stick to sourced genres.

Blink182182 (talk) 08:09, 21 July 2013 (UTC)

Sources for genre
In the interests of avoiding an edit war on genre, it is important to note that when supplying sources for gene changes they should be professional reviews, directly related to the song (or album) and the information should be specific. There are currently sources referenced that do not meet the required standard. contact music and sentences like "yogether all these elements pack a meaningful punk punch" arguably do noes not support a punk genre. contains a vague reference to punk and then specifically states an alternate view. You can't cheery pick the sections that support a genre (vaguely) and ignore the sections that don't. For the source Green Day: A Musical Biography, please quote the section that supports punk rock genre for Holiday. ''' Flat Out   let's discuss it   00:52, 23 July 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Holiday (Green Day song)


text: Talk:Křivoklát

title: Talk:Křivoklát


text: User talk:84.56.174.212

title: User talk:84.56.174.212


text:
Ronnie Simpson

Ronald Campbell Simpson (11 October 1930 – 19 April 2004) was a Scottish football player and coach. He is mainly remembered for his time with Celtic, where he was the goalkeeper in the Lisbon Lions team that won the European Cup in 1967. Earlier in his career, Simpson had won the FA Cup twice with Newcastle United. He also played for Queen's Park, Third Lanark and Hibernian. Simpson represented Great Britain in the 1948 Olympics, but was not selected for Scotland until 1967. He made his international debut in the famous 3–2 victory against England at Wembley.

Club career
Simpson started his senior career with amateur club Queen's Park; he was selected by their first team in 1945, aged just 14 years and 304 days. This made him the youngest person to represent a Scottish league club, although it was an unofficial record due to the suspension of normal competitive football during the Second World War. He was 15 when he made his first Scottish Football League appearance in August 1946.

After completing his National Service, Simpson moved to Third Lanark in 1950. He then joined Newcastle United six months later for a fee of £8,750. He won the FA Cup twice with Newcastle, after taking over as their regular goalkeeper from Jack Fairbrother, in 1952 and 1955.

After nine years and almost 300 appearances for Newcastle, Simpson returned to Scotland, with Hibernian, in 1960. His performances helped to save Hibs from relegation in 1962, but he fell out of favour under the management of Jock Stein due to his attitude in training. Hibernian sold Simpson to Celtic in 1964 for £4,000.

Thought to be in the last throes of his career, Celtic signed Simpson as cover for John Fallon. This perception appeared to be confirmed when Jock Stein, who had let Simpson go as Hibernian manager, was appointed Celtic manager later in the 1964–65 season; however, Simpson became the first choice after Fallon was blamed for a defeat by Rangers in the 1964 Scottish League Cup Final. His sense of humour made Simpson a popular figure in the team, who nicknamed him "Faither", on account of his relative old age.

The highlight of his time at Celtic was winning the 1967 European Cup Final, as part of a clean sweep of trophies in the 1966–67 season. Apart from an early save with his knees from a Sandro Mazzola header, Simpson had little to do during the match. His fancy footwork when dealing with a backpass was one of the highlights. Because Fallon did not factor into that season's Scottish Cup or Scottish League Cup, Simpson stood alone as the first goalkeeper to win the European Treble and remains the only goalkeeper to win the fabled Quadruple.

He suffered a dislocated shoulder in 1969, and trouble with this injury forced him to miss the 1970 European Cup Final and to retire as a player that year.

International career
Simpson represented the Scotland Youth side in a match against England Youth played on 25 October 1947 at Belle Vue, Doncaster. He was selected by Matt Busby to play for the Great Britain squad in the 1948 Olympics. Great Britain finished fourth, losing a bronze medal playoff to Denmark.

Simpson also played for the Scotland national team, making his debut in the famous 3–2 win over 1966 World Cup winners England at Wembley in 1967. He set a new record for being the oldest player to make his Scotland debut, aged 36 years and 196 days. He won five full caps in total, alongside the Youth and B international caps won earlier in his career. He also represented the Scottish League once, in 1968.

Style of play
Simpson was small in stature for a goalkeeper, at just 5 feet 10 inches. He compensated for this with an unorthodox style of shot-stopping, using his elbows and shoulders to block shots. He also had top-class foot movement and ball distribution skills.

Personal and later life
Simpson's father Jimmy Simpson also played for Scotland, and enjoyed notable success as a centre-half for Rangers and Dundee United in the 1930s.

After Ronnie Simpson retired as a player, he was manager of Hamilton Academical for a year. He also served on the Pools Panel, which adjudicated on results of postponed matches in periods of exceptionally bad weather. He was also a Progressives Councillor on Edinburgh City Council in the 1970s. Simpson died from a heart attack on 19 April 2004.

Awards
In 2002, Simpson was named in Celtic's greatest ever team, ahead of John Thomson and Pat Bonner.

He was posthumously inducted into the Scottish Football Hall of Fame in November 2011.

Club
Newcastle United
 * FA Cup: 1952, 1955

Celtic
 * European Cup: 1966–67
 * Scottish League (4): 1965–66, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69
 * Scottish Cup: 1966–67
 * Runner-up 1965–66
 * Scottish League Cup: 1965–66, 1966–67, 1967–68
 * Glasgow Cup: 1966–67, 1967–68

Individual

 * SFWA Footballer of the Year: 1967

title: Ronnie Simpson


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Economic fascism

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Linuxbeak | Talk 22:28, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Economic fascism
Conspiracy theory craziness, POV.TomTheHand 19:15, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per nomination. - TomTheHand 19:15, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; not a soapbox etc. The fact that I may have points of agreement with the author is irrelevant, or perhaps gives me extra responsibility to speak up here. --Trovatore 19:42, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Indoctrination telling me... must... vote... Delete. WP:NOT a soapbox.  Also, much of the text is lifted from the link mentioned in the article ... making this a Copyvio as well.  I'll change my vote though if someone wants to write a NPOV article on what Economic fascism is.  Current one is unreadable and doesn't even enlighten the reader as to what they are arguing against... pretty poor piece of soapboxing.--Isotope23 20:41, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I didn't think my opinion of DiLorenzo could get lower, but that "internet = facist" foolishness did it. Gazpacho 21:03, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Trovatore. MCB 04:07, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Icosahedral symmetry

In mathematics, and especially in geometry, an object has icosahedral symmetry if it has the same symmetries as a regular icosahedron. Examples of other polyhedra with icosahedral symmetry include the regular dodecahedron (the dual of the icosahedron) and the rhombic triacontahedron.

Every polyhedron with icosahedral symmetry has 60 rotational (or orientation-preserving) symmetries and 60 orientation-reversing symmetries (that combine a rotation and a reflection), for a total symmetry order of 120. The full symmetry group is the Coxeter group of type $H3$. It may be represented by Coxeter notation $[5,3]$ and Coxeter diagram. The set of rotational symmetries forms a subgroup that is isomorphic to the alternating group $A5$ on 5 letters.

Description
Icosahedral symmetry is a mathematical property of objects indicating that an object has the same symmetries as a regular icosahedron.

As point group
Apart from the two infinite series of prismatic and antiprismatic symmetry, rotational icosahedral symmetry or chiral icosahedral symmetry of chiral objects and full icosahedral symmetry or achiral icosahedral symmetry are the discrete point symmetries (or equivalently, symmetries on the sphere) with the largest symmetry groups.

Icosahedral symmetry is not compatible with translational symmetry, so there are no associated crystallographic point groups or space groups.

Presentations corresponding to the above are:

 * $$I: \langle s,t \mid s^2, t^3, (st)^5 \rangle\ $$
 * $$I_h: \langle s,t\mid s^3(st)^{-2}, t^5(st)^{-2}\rangle.\ $$

These correspond to the icosahedral groups (rotational and full) being the (2,3,5) triangle groups.

The first presentation was given by William Rowan Hamilton in 1856, in his paper on icosian calculus.

Note that other presentations are possible, for instance as an alternating group (for I).

Visualizations
The full symmetry group is the Coxeter group of type $H3$. It may be represented by Coxeter notation $[5,3]$ and Coxeter diagram. The set of rotational symmetries forms a subgroup that is isomorphic to the alternating group $A5$ on 5 letters.

Group structure
Every polyhedron with icosahedral symmetry has 60 rotational (or orientation-preserving) symmetries and 60 orientation-reversing symmetries (that combine a rotation and a reflection), for a total symmetry order of 120. The ' I' is of order 60. The group I is isomorphic to A5, the alternating group of even permutations of five objects. This isomorphism can be realized by I acting on various compounds, notably the compound of five cubes (which inscribe in the dodecahedron), the compound of five octahedra, or either of the two compounds of five tetrahedra (which are enantiomorphs, and inscribe in the dodecahedron). The group contains 5 versions of Th with 20 versions of D3 (10 axes, 2 per axis), and 6 versions of D5.

The ' Ih' has order 120. It has I as normal subgroup of index 2. The group Ih is isomorphic to I × Z2, or A5 × Z2, with the inversion in the center corresponding to element (identity,-1), where Z2 is written multiplicatively.

Ih acts on the compound of five cubes and the compound of five octahedra, but −1 acts as the identity (as cubes and octahedra are centrally symmetric). It acts on the compound of ten tetrahedra: I acts on the two chiral halves (compounds of five tetrahedra), and −1 interchanges the two halves. Notably, it does not act as S5, and these groups are not isomorphic; see below for details.

The group contains 10 versions of D3d and 6 versions of D5d (symmetries like antiprisms).

I is also isomorphic to PSL2(5), but Ih is not isomorphic to SL2(5).

Isomorphism of I with A5
It is useful to describe explicitly what the isomorphism between I and A5 looks like. In the following table, permutations Pi and Qi act on 5 and 12 elements respectively, while the rotation matrices Mi are the elements of I. If Pk is the product of taking the permutation Pi and applying Pj to it, then for the same values of i, j and k, it is also true that Qk is the product of taking Qi and applying Qj, and also that premultiplying a vector by Mk is the same as premultiplying that vector by Mi and then premultiplying that result with Mj, that is Mk = Mj × Mi. Since the permutations Pi are all the 60 even permutations of 12345, the one-to-one correspondence is made explicit, therefore the isomorphism too.

Commonly confused groups
The following groups all have order 120, but are not isomorphic: They correspond to the following short exact sequences (the latter of which does not split) and product
 * S5, the symmetric group on 5 elements
 * Ih, the full icosahedral group (subject of this article, also known as H3)
 * 2I, the binary icosahedral group
 * $$1\to A_5 \to S_5 \to Z_2 \to 1$$
 * $$I_h = A_5 \times Z_2$$
 * $$1\to Z_2 \to 2I\to A_5 \to 1$$

In words, Note that $$A_5$$ has an exceptional irreducible 3-dimensional representation (as the icosahedral rotation group), but $$S_5$$ does not have an irreducible 3-dimensional representation, corresponding to the full icosahedral group not being the symmetric group.
 * $$A_5$$ is a normal subgroup of $$S_5$$
 * $$A_5$$ is a factor of $$I_h$$, which is a direct product
 * $$A_5$$ is a quotient group of $$2I$$

These can also be related to linear groups over the finite field with five elements, which exhibit the subgroups and covering groups directly; none of these are the full icosahedral group:
 * $$A_5 \cong \operatorname{PSL}(2,5),$$ the projective special linear group, see here for a proof;
 * $$S_5 \cong \operatorname{PGL}(2,5),$$ the projective general linear group;
 * $$2I \cong \operatorname{SL}(2,5),$$ the special linear group.

Conjugacy classes
The 120 symmetries fall into 10 conjugacy classes.

Subgroups of the full icosahedral symmetry group

Each line in the following table represents one class of conjugate (i.e., geometrically equivalent) subgroups. The column "Mult." (multiplicity) gives the number of different subgroups in the conjugacy class.

Explanation of colors: green = the groups that are generated by reflections, red = the chiral (orientation-preserving) groups, which contain only rotations.

The groups are described geometrically in terms of the dodecahedron.

The abbreviation "h.t.s.(edge)" means "halfturn swapping this edge with its opposite edge", and similarly for "face" and "vertex".

Vertex stabilizers
Stabilizers of an opposite pair of vertices can be interpreted as stabilizers of the axis they generate.
 * vertex stabilizers in I give cyclic groups C3
 * vertex stabilizers in Ih give dihedral groups D3
 * stabilizers of an opposite pair of vertices in I give dihedral groups D3
 * stabilizers of an opposite pair of vertices in Ih give $$D_3 \times \pm 1$$

Edge stabilizers
Stabilizers of an opposite pair of edges can be interpreted as stabilizers of the rectangle they generate.
 * edges stabilizers in I give cyclic groups Z2
 * edges stabilizers in Ih give Klein four-groups $$Z_2 \times Z_2$$
 * stabilizers of a pair of edges in I give Klein four-groups $$Z_2 \times Z_2$$; there are 5 of these, given by rotation by 180° in 3 perpendicular axes.
 * stabilizers of a pair of edges in Ih give $$Z_2 \times Z_2 \times Z_2$$; there are 5 of these, given by reflections in 3 perpendicular axes.

Face stabilizers
Stabilizers of an opposite pair of faces can be interpreted as stabilizers of the antiprism they generate.
 * face stabilizers in I give cyclic groups C5
 * face stabilizers in Ih give dihedral groups D5
 * stabilizers of an opposite pair of faces in I give dihedral groups D5
 * stabilizers of an opposite pair of faces in Ih give $$D_5 \times \pm 1$$

Polyhedron stabilizers
For each of these, there are 5 conjugate copies, and the conjugation action gives a map, indeed an isomorphism, $$I \stackrel{\sim}\to A_5 < S_5$$.
 * stabilizers of the inscribed tetrahedra in I are a copy of T
 * stabilizers of the inscribed tetrahedra in Ih are a copy of T
 * stabilizers of the inscribed cubes (or opposite pair of tetrahedra, or octahedra) in I are a copy of T
 * stabilizers of the inscribed cubes (or opposite pair of tetrahedra, or octahedra) in Ih are a copy of Th

Coxeter group generators
The full icosahedral symmetry group [5,3] of order 120 has generators represented by the reflection matrices R0, R1, R2 below, with relations R02 = R12 = R22 = (R0×R1)5 = (R1×R2)3 = (R0×R2)2 = Identity. The group [5,3]+ of order 60 is generated by any two of the rotations S0,1, S1,2, S0,2. A rotoreflection of order 10 is generated by V0,1,2, the product of all 3 reflections. Here $$\phi = \tfrac {\sqrt{5}+1} {2}$$ denotes the golden ratio.

Fundamental domain
Fundamental domains for the icosahedral rotation group and the full icosahedral group are given by:

In the disdyakis triacontahedron one full face is a fundamental domain; other solids with the same symmetry can be obtained by adjusting the orientation of the faces, e.g. flattening selected subsets of faces to combine each subset into one face, or replacing each face by multiple faces, or a curved surface.

Polyhedra with icosahedral symmetry
Examples of other polyhedra with icosahedral symmetry include the regular dodecahedron (the dual of the icosahedron) and the rhombic triacontahedron.

Other objects with icosahedral symmetry

 * Barth surfaces
 * Virus structure, and Capsid
 * In chemistry, the dodecaborate ion ([B12H12]2−) and the dodecahedrane molecule (C20H20)

Liquid crystals with icosahedral symmetry
For the intermediate material phase called liquid crystals the existence of icosahedral symmetry was proposed by H. Kleinert and K. Maki and its structure was first analyzed in detail in that paper. See the review article here. In aluminum, the icosahedral structure was discovered experimentally three years after this by Dan Shechtman, which earned him the Nobel Prize in 2011.

Related geometries
Icosahedral symmetry is equivalently the projective special linear group PSL(2,5), and is the symmetry group of the modular curve X(5), and more generally PSL(2,p) is the symmetry group of the modular curve X(p). The modular curve X(5) is geometrically a dodecahedron with a cusp at the center of each polygonal face, which demonstrates the symmetry group.

This geometry, and associated symmetry group, was studied by Felix Klein as the monodromy groups of a Belyi surface – a Riemann surface with a holomorphic map to the Riemann sphere, ramified only at 0, 1, and infinity (a Belyi function) – the cusps are the points lying over infinity, while the vertices and the centers of each edge lie over 0 and 1; the degree of the covering (number of sheets) equals 5.

This arose from his efforts to give a geometric setting for why icosahedral symmetry arose in the solution of the quintic equation, with the theory given in the famous ; a modern exposition is given in.

Klein's investigations continued with his discovery of order 7 and order 11 symmetries in and  (and associated coverings of degree 7 and 11) and dessins d'enfants, the first yielding the Klein quartic, whose associated geometry has a tiling by 24 heptagons (with a cusp at the center of each).

Similar geometries occur for PSL(2,n) and more general groups for other modular curves.

More exotically, there are special connections between the groups PSL(2,5) (order 60), PSL(2,7) (order 168) and PSL(2,11) (order 660), which also admit geometric interpretations – PSL(2,5) is the symmetries of the icosahedron (genus 0), PSL(2,7) of the Klein quartic (genus 3), and PSL(2,11) the buckyball surface (genus 70). These groups form a "trinity" in the sense of Vladimir Arnold, which gives a framework for the various relationships; see trinities for details.

There is a close relationship to other Platonic solids.

title: Icosahedral symmetry


text:
Wolf at the Door (disambiguation)

"Wolf at the Door" is a song by the rock band Keane.

Wolf at the Door may also refer to:
 * Wolf at the Door (album), a 1991 album by Walter "Wolfman" Washington
 * A Wolf at the Door (film), a 2013 Brazilian film
 * "A Wolf at the Door", a song by Radiohead from Hail to the Thief
 * The Wolf at the Door, a 1986 Danish-French film
 * The Wolf at the Door: A Poetic Cycle, a book by Bogomil Ǵuzel

title: Wolf at the Door (disambiguation)


text:
Ron Affif

Ronaldo Antunacci Charles Affif (December 30, 1965), known professionally as Ron Affif, is an American jazz guitarist of Lebanese and Italian origin. He is the son of boxer Charley Zivic, who was a jazz fan and encouraged his son.

Career
Born Ronaldo Antunacci Charles Affif in Pittsburgh, he is mostly self-taught. At the age of twelve, he took lessons from his uncle, guitarist Ron Anthony.

In 1984, after graduating from high school, he moved to Los Angeles, was taught by Joe Pass, and worked with Dick Berk, Pete Christlieb, Dave Pike, and Jack Sheldon, then a couple years later moved to New York City. He led a band which included Colin Bailey, Brian O'Rourke, Andy Simpkins, and Sherman Ferguson. In the 1990s, formed a trio with Essiet Essiet and Jeff "Tain" Watts in New York City. He has worked with Michael Carvin, David Kikoski, Ralph Lalama, and Leon Parker.

As leader

 * Ron Affif (Pablo, 1993)
 * Vierd Blues (Pablo, 1994)
 * 52nd Street (Pablo, 1996)
 * Ringside (Pablo, 1997)
 * Solotude (Pablo, 1999)
 * Affif, Valihora, Griglak (Hevetia, 2005)

As sideman

 * Joe Ascione Post Bill Bills (Arbors, 1998)
 * Miri Ben-Ari,The Temple of Beautiful (Half Note, 2003)
 * Alexis Cole, Zingaro (Canopy 2007)
 * Allan Harris, Love Came: The Songs of Strayhorn (2001)
 * Steve Hass, Traveler (2003)
 * Donna Lewis, Brand New Day (Palmetto, 2015)
 * John Pisano, Among Friends (Pablo, 1995)

title: Ron Affif


text: User talk:81.250.46.152

title: User talk:81.250.46.152


text: File:Like Gods of the Sun Album Cover.jpg


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Trade and services in Japan

Japan's service industries, including trade, are the major contributor to gross national product (GNP), generating about 74.1 percent of the national totals in 2004. Moreover, services are the fastest growing sector, outperforming manufacturing. The service sector covers many diverse activities. Wholesale and retail trade was dominant, but advertising, data processing, publishing, tourism, leisure industries, entertainment, and other industries grew rapidly in the 1980s. Most service industries were small and labor-intensive but became more technologically sophisticated as computer and electronic products were incorporated by management.

Wholesale and retail
The trade operations of wholesalers and retailers has often been denigrated by other nations as a barrier to trade, as well as being called antiquated and inefficient. Small retailers and "mom and pop" stores predominated- -in 1985 there were 1.6 million retail outlets in Japan, slightly more than the total number of retail outlets in the United States (1.5 million in 1982), even though Japan has only half the population of the United States and is smaller in size than California. Small businesses are a large voter base of the LDP and had a strong stance in government-business relations. The business situation for non-Japanese companies has improved, though, due to growing experience of foreign firms on the market and more international cooperation in the wake of globalization. The Japanese economic crisis of the 1990s helped, too.

There were several changes in wholesaling and retailing in the 1980s. Japan's distribution system was becoming more efficient. Retail outlets and wholesale establishments both peaked in number in 1982 and then went down 5.4 percent and 3.7 percent, respectively, in 1985. The main casualties were sole proprietorships, especially mom-and-pop stores and wholesale locations with fewer than ten employees. Almost 96,000 of the 1,036,000 mom-and-pop stores in operation in 1982 were out of business three years later. Government estimates for the late 1980s show additional consolidation in both wholesale and retail sectors including a continued sharp decline in mom-and-pop store operations. A further decline in mom-and-pop stores is expected as a result of the Large-Scale Retail Store Law of 1990, which greatly reduced the power of small retailers to block the establishment of large retail stores. Soaring land prices are another major cause of the decline of mom-and-pop stores, but an even more important reason is the growth of convenience and discount stores. Discount stores are not much bigger than the traditional small shops, but their distribution networks gives them a big pricing edge. As of 2005, large chains dominate nearly every market niche be it consumer electronics (notably Yodobashi Camera) or cookies (Aunt Stellas).

In the 1980s, Japanese consumers were discovering the advantages of catalog shopping, which offered not only convenience but also greater selection and lower prices. According to a Nikkei survey, the mail-order business expanded 13 percent between April 1987 and March 1988 alone, to more than US$8.9 billion in annual sales. Specialty chains, particularly those handling men's and women's clothing, shoes, and consumer electronics, were also doing better than the overall industry. Department stores, supermarkets, and superstores (hybrid supermarket-discount stores) and other big retail operations were gaining business at the expense of small retailers, although their progress was quite slow. Between 1980 and 1988, department stores increased their share of total retail sales by only 1 percentage point to 8.4 percent. Supermarkets and superstores increased in market share from 6.5 to 7.3 percent. Between 1980 and 1988, the number of department stores grew from 325 to just 371, and other big self-service stores only increased in number by 62 units between 1984 and 1988.

The late 1990s brought a decline of the catalog mail order in favor of online shopping.

Service industries
Among service industries, the restaurant, advertising, real estate, hotel and leisure business, and data-processing industries grew rapidly in the 1980s. The fast-food industry has been profitable for both foreign and domestic companies. By 1989 family restaurants and fast-food chains had grown into a US$138 billion business per year. Overall growth declined in the late 1980s because of the sharp rise of rents and a proliferation of restaurants in many areas. The number of hotel and guest rooms grew from 189,654 in 1981 to peak at 342,695 in 1988, and has been falling again since.

This fact is based on tertiary sector services.

Advertising
Because much of the sales competition in Japan is of the nonprice variety, advertising is extremely important. Consumers have to see the suitability of products and services for their lifestyles. The intense competition for the domestic market spurs the growth of the world's largest advertising agency, Dentsu, as well as other advertisers. A lot of the advertising effort goes into brand development, as Japanese consumers are very conscious about brand names. Brands are seen as a means of identification and a guarantee for quality. The Japanese consumer market is also one of the fastest in the world, and companies are constantly struggling to come up with new products, which is also an advertisement effort.

title: Trade and services in Japan


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Norse Peak Wilderness

Norse Peak Wilderness is a 52,315 acre designated wilderness area located in central Washington in the United States. It protects the portion of the Cascade Range north of Chinook Pass (Highway 410), south of Naches Pass (Naches Trail), and east of Mount Rainier National Park. It is bordered by the William O. Douglas Wilderness to the south. The wilderness is named for a prominent peak which overlooks Crystal Mountain Ski Area. Roughly triangular, it is about 10 miles (16 km) across and contains no roads.

History
The Norse Peak Wilderness was established by the 1984 Washington State Wilderness bill and is managed by the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. This area was heavily grazed by domestic sheep between 1890 and 1950. The area south of Norse Peak Wilderness within Morse Creek drainage was once known as the Summit Mining District and was a popular mineral activity area between 1885 and 1920. The placer mineral content in this area was poor but historic remains of this earlier mining activity are still evident.

A 2017 wildfire blackened more than 50,000 acres, closing several forest roads and popular camp sites in the area.

Geographic features
Norse Peak Wilderness is characterized by forested slopes and jutting volcanic peaks. The local streams flow through narrow valleys into lower elevation meadows. The topography includes broad open park-like basins at higher elevations. Elevations range from 3,000 feet (900 m) at the Greenwater River in the north to 6,856 foot (2090 m) Norse Peak in the west and 6900 foot (2100 m) Fifes Peaks, a prominent remnant volcanic cone in the east. The eastern portion is drained by tributaries of the Naches River.

The Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail follows closely the Cascade divide in the Norse Peak Wilderness. The historic Naches Pass Trail runs east and west just outside its northern boundary. Several additional trails provide access to other portions of the wilderness

Flora and fauna
The wilderness hosts deer and elk in the basins and meadows, and a herd of goats range over the upper alpine peaks. The area is also home to cougar, coyote and black bear. It is also rumored to be home to grey wolf, though this has yet to be confirmed. Douglas fir, western red cedar, western hemlock and pine fill the forests, and the meadows are full of a variety of lesser growth. The undergrowth of the forest is dense and also varied.

title: Norse Peak Wilderness


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1967 SEAP Games

The 1967 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, officially known as the 4th Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, was a Southeast Asian multi-sport event held in Bangkok, Thailand from 9 to 16 December 1967 with 16 sports featured in the games. Cambodia once again declined to host this edition of the games, as it did in 1963. This was Thailand's second time hosting the Southeast Asian Games, and its first time since the 1959 inaugural games. The games was opened and closed by Bhumibol Adulyadej, the King of Thailand at the Suphachalasai Stadium. The final medal tally was led by host Thailand, followed by Singapore and Malaysia.

Participating nations

 * Burma
 * Laos
 * South Vietnam
 * 🇹🇭 (host)
 * South Vietnam
 * 🇹🇭 (host)

Medal table

 * Key

title: 1967 SEAP Games


text:
Talk:Multiple myeloma

Wiki Education assignment: Epidemiology ENPH 450
— Assignment last updated by Schmidtj5997 (talk) 00:58, 29 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Multiple myeloma