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Talk:Rajput/Archive 6

This is Sumerendra
You used Dalit propaganda to voice your opinion on Rajputs? That to an article that has been ridiculed in many University forums.

On top of that you claim to be Rajputs and yet speak against Rajputs. Sure, Rajputs aren't perfect, they are after all humans, however Rajputs never use crap from that stupid website unless they are a Non-Rajput Anti-Hindu individual.

Listen, after reading your so-called "refreshing" discussions, it seems that only Shivraj, Dinesh and a couple of others had any sense of this topic. The rest of you are just plain and simply Anti-Hindu racists who wish to claim a Hindu designation for themselves.

Even when you were given open and neutral information, you refuse to listen because the madarsas in which you have been taught teach you not to listen to historical fact.

Although Wikipedia allows everyone to voice their opinions, this is one situation where we find that the truth is in danger of being hijacked by individuals who knowingly do not belong to this ethnic designation, and yet wish to steal it for themselves.

They way you so-called Rajputs have presented your viewpoints are very Anti-Rajput and distasteful. I, for one, am sending a copy to the Rajput conference to bring up the issue of you Racist Anti-Rajput Hindu-hating individuals are trying to promote.

The entire discusiion around the forced conversions committed by Islam in India is central to understanding the history and survival of the Rajputs. To deny this is simply your tactic in you racist agenda which has been seen time and again in your distortions of history.

I would not be surprised if you all get together for your annual book burnings.

Continued
And if you wish to quote a Dalit and a Buddhist, then perhaps you would like to read what Dr. Ambedkar wrote, since he was the Dalit leader of the Dalit civil rights movement.

The Invasion of India by the Muslim Hoards By Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
Historically, Pakistan was part of India when Chandragupta was the ruler; it continued to be part of India when Hsuan Tsang, the Chinese pilgrim, visited India in the 7th century A.D. In his diary, Hsuan Tsang has recorded that India was divided into five divisions.

(* The writers of the Puranas divided India into nine divisions). It is also true that when Hsuan Tsang came, not only the Punjab but what is now Afghanistan was part of India and further, the people of the Punjab and Afghanistan were either Vedic or Buddhist by religion. But what happened since Hsuan Tsang left India?

The first Muslim invasion of India came from the north-west by the Arabs who were led by Mahommad Bin Qasim. It took place in 711 A.D. and resulted in the conquest of Sind. This first Muslim invasion did not result in a permanent occupation of the country because the Caliphate of Baghdad, by whose order and command the invasion had taken place, was obliged by the middle of 9th century A.D. to withdraw its direct control from this distant province of Sind.

Soon after this withdrawal, there began a series of terrible invasions by Muhammad of Ghazni in 1001 A.D. Muhammad died in 1030 A.D., but within the short span of 30 years, he invaded India 17 times.

He was followed by Mahommed Ghori, who began his career as an invader in 1173. He was killed in 1206. For thirty years Muhammad of Ghazni ravaged India and for thirty years Mahommad Ghori harried the same country in the same way.

Then followed the incursions of the Moghul hordes of Chenghiz Khan. They first came in 1221. They then stayed on the border of India but did not enter it. Twenty years later, they marched on Lahore and sacked it. Of their inroads, the most terrible was under Timur in 1398. Then comes on the scene a new invader in the person of Babar who invaded India in 1526. The invasion of India did not stop with that of Babar. There occurred two more invasions. In 1738 Nadir Shah’s invading host swept over the Punjab like a flooded river “furious as the ocean”. He was followed by Ahmad Shah Abdali who invaded India in 1761, smashed the forces of the Maharthas at Panipat and crushed for ever the attempt of the Hindus to gain the ground which they had lost to their Muslim invaders.

These Muslim invasions were not undertaken merely out of lust for loot or conquest, but also to strike a blow at the idolatry and polytheism of Hindus and establishing Islam in India. In one of his dispatches to Hajjaj, Mahommad bin Qasim is quoted to have said:

“ The nephew of Raja Dahir, his warriors and principal officers have been dispatched, and the infidels converted to Islam or destroyed. Instead of idol-temples, mosques and other places of worship have been created, the Kutbah is read, the call to prayers is raised, so that devotions are performed at stated hours.”

Muhammad of Ghazni also looked upon his numerous invasions of India as the waging of a holy war. Al’Utbi, the historian of Muhammad, describing his raids writes:

“He demolished idol temples and established Islam. He captured ……cities, destroyed the idolaters, and gratifying Muslims. He then returned home and promulgated accounts of the victories obtained for Islam……..and vowed that every year he would undertake a holy war against Hind.”

Mahummad Ghori was actuated by the same holy zeal in his invasions of India. Hasan Nizami, his historian, describes his work in the following terms:

“He purged by his sword the land of Hind from the filth of infidelity and vice, and freed the whole of that country from the thorn of God-plurality and the impurity of idol-worship, and by his royal vigor and intrepidity left not one temple standing.”

Taimur has his Memoir explained what led him to invade India. He says:

“My object in the invasions of Hindustan is to lead a campaign against the infidels, to convert them to the true faith according to the command of Muhammad (on whom and his family be the blessing and peace of God) to purify the land from the defilement of misbelief and polytheism, and overthrow the temples and idols, whereby we shall be Ghazis and Mujahdis, companions and soldiers of the faith before God.”

These Muslim invaders were Tartars, Afghans, and Mongols. Mahommad bin Qasim’s first act of religious zeal was forcibly to circumcise the Brahmins of the captured city of Debul; but on discovering that they objected to conversion, he proceeded to put all above the age of 17 to death, and to order all others, with women and children, to be led into slavery. The temple of the Hindus was looted, and the rich booty was divided equally among the soldiers, after one-fifth, the legal portion for the government, had been set aside.

Muhammad of Ghazni from the first adopted those plans that would stike terror into the hearts of the Hindus. After the defeat of Raja Jaipal in A.D. 1001, Muhammad ordered that Jaipal “be paraded about in the streets so that his sons and chieftains might see him in that condition of shame, bonds and disgrace; and that fear of Islam might fly abroad through the country of the infidel.”

“The slaughtering of ‘infidels’ seemed to be one thing that gave Muhammad particularly pleasure. In one attack on Chand Rai, in A.D. 1019, many infidels were slain or taken prisoners, and the Muslims paid no regard to booty until they had satiated themselves with the slaughter of the infidels and worshippers of the sun and fire. The historian naively adds that the elephants of the Hindu armies came to Muhammad of their own accord, leaving idols, preferring the service of the religion of Islam.”

The slaughter of the Hindus, gave a great setback to the indigenous culture of the Hindus, as in the conquest of Bihar by Muhammad Bakhtyar Khilji. When he took Nuddea (Bihar) the Tabaquat-I-Nasiri informs us that:

“ great plunder fell into the hands of the victors. Most of the inhabitants were Brahmins with shaven heads. They were put to death. Large number of books were found…..but none could explain their contents as all the men had been killed, the whole fort and city being a place of study.”

Summing up the evidence on the point, Dr. Titus, author of Indian Islam p. 22, says:

“ Of the destruction of temples and the desecration of idols we have an abundance of evidence. Mahommad bin Qasim carried out his plan of destruction systematically in Sind, but he made an exception of the famous temple of Multan for purposes of revenue, as this temple was a place of resort for pilgrims, who made large gifts to the idol. Nevertheless, while he thus satisfied his avarice by letting the temple stand, he gave vent to his malignity by having a piece of cow’s flesh tied around the neck of the idol.”

“ Minhaj-as-Siraj further tells us how Mahommad became widely known for having destroyed as many as thousand temples, and of his great feat in destroying the temple of Somnath and carrying off its idol, which he asserts was broken into four parts. One part he deposited in the Jami Masjid of Ghazni, one he placed at the entrance of the royal palace, the third he sent to Mecca, and the fourth to Medina.”

Lane Poole, author of Medieval India p. 26, has said that Mahommad of Ghazni:

“who had vowed that every year should see him wage a holy war against the infidels of Hindustan” could not rest from his idol-breaking campaign so long as the temple of Somnath remained inviolate. It was for this specific purpose that he, at the very close of his career, undertook his arduous march across the desert from Multan to Anhalwara on the coast, fighting as he went, until he saw at last the famous temple:

“There were a hundred thousand pilgrims were wont to assemble, a thousand Brahmins served the temple and guarded its treasures. Within stood the famous Shiva linga, adorned with gems and lighted by jeweled candelebra which were reflected in rich hanings, embroidered with precious stones like stars, that decked the shrine….The foreigners nothing daunted, scaled the walls, fifty thousand Hindus suffered for their faith and the sacred shrine was sacked to the joy of the true believers. The great stone was down and its fragments were carried off to grace the conquerors’ palace. The temple gates were set up at Ghazni and a million pounds worth of treasure rewarded the iconoclast.”

Dr. Titus writes, that Quatb-ud-Din Aybak, also destroyed a thousand temples, and then raised mosques on their foundations. He also built the Jami Masjid, Delhi, and adorned it with stones and gold obtained from the temples which had been demolished by elephants and covered it with inscriptions (from the Koran) containing the divine commands. In his conquest of South India the destruction of temples was carried out by Ala-ud-Din as it had been in the north by his predecessors.

“The Sultan Firoz Shah, in his Futuhat, graphically describes how he treated Hindus who had dared to built new temples. I killed these leaders of infidelity and punished others with stripes, until this was entirely abolished and where infidels and idolaters worshipped idols. “

Even in the reign of Shah Jahan, we read of the destruction of the temples that the Hindus had started to rebuild, and the account of this direct attack of the piety of the Hindus is thus solemnly recorded in the Badshah-namah”

“ It has been brought to the notice of His Majesty, says the historian, that during the late reign (of Akbar) many idol-temples had been begun but remained unfinished at Benares, the great stronghold of infidelity. The infidels were now desirous of completing them. His Majesty, the defender of the faith, gave orders that at Benares and throughout all his dominions in every place all temples that had been begun should be cast down. It was reported that the Province of Allahbad that 76 temples had been destroyed in the district of Benares.”

It was left to Aurangzeb to make a final attempt to overthrow idolatry. The author of “Ma”athir i-Alamgiri dilates upon his efforts to put down Hindu teaching, and his destruction of temples in the following terms:

“ In April, A.D. 1669, Aurangzeb learned that in the provinces of Thatta, Multan and Benares, but especially in the latter, foolish Brahmins were in the habit of expounding frivolous books in their schools, and that learners, Muslims as well as Hindus, went there for long distances…..The ‘Director of the Faith’ consequently issued orders to all the governors of provinces to destroy with a willing hand the schools and temples of the infidels; and they were enjoined to put an entire stop to the teaching and practicing of idolatrous worship….Later it was reported to his religious Majesty that the Government officers had destroyed the temple of Vishvanath at Benares.”

Dr. Titus observes:

“Such invaders as Muhammad and Timur seem to have more concerned with iconoclasm, the collection of booty, the enslaving of captives, and the sending of infidels to hell with the ‘proselytizing sword’ than they were with the conversion of them even by force. But when invaders/rulers were permanently established the wining of converts became a matter of supreme urgency. It was a part of the state policy to establish Islam as the religion of the whole land.”

“Qutb-ud-Din, whose reputation for destroying temples was almost as great as that of Muhammad, in the latter part of the twelfth century and early years of the thirteenth, must have frequently resorted to force as an incentive to conversion. One instance may be noted : when he approached Kiol (Aligarh) in A.D. 1194, ‘those of the garrison who were wise and acute were converted to Islam, but the others were slain with the sword.”

“ One pathetic case is mentioned in the time of the reign of Firoz Shaha (A.D. 1351-1388). An old Brahmin of Delhi was burnt to death for refusing to give up his faith.”

Muhammad not only destroyed temples but also made it a policy to make slaves of the Hindus he conquered.

“Not only was slaughter of the infidels and the destruction of their temples resorted to in earlier period of Islam’s contact with India, but as we have seen, many of the vanquished were led into slavery. The dividing up of booty was one of the special attractions, to the leaders as well as to the common soldiers in these expeditions. Muhammad seems to have made the slaughter of infidels, the destruction of the temples, the capturing of slaves, and the plundering of the wealth of the people, particularly the temples and the priests, the main object of his raids. On the occasion of his first raid he is said to have taken much booty, and half a million Hindus, ‘beautiful men and women’ were reduced to slavery and taken back to Ghazni.”

When Muhammad later took Kanauj, in A.D. 1017, he took so much booty and so many prisoners that ‘ the fingers of those who counted them would have tired.’ Describing how common Indian slaves had become in Ghazni and Central Asia after the campaing of A.D. 1019, the historian of the times says:

“The number of prisoners may be conceived from the fact that each was sold for from two to ten dirhams. These were afterwards taken to Ghazni,and merchants came from far distant cities to purchase them; …and the fair and the dark, the rich and the poor were commingled in one common slavery.

“In the year A.D 1202, when Qutb-ud-Din captured Kalinjar, after the temples had been converted into mosques, and the very name of idolatry was annihilated, fifty thousand men came under the collar of slavery and the plain became black as pitch with Hindus.”

Slavery was the fate of those Hindus who were captured in the holy war.

Reference: Pakistan or The Partition of India – By B. R. Ambedkar AMS Press ISBN 0404548016 p. 53-66

According to B. R. Ambedkar:

"The Musalman invaders sacked the Buddhist Universities of Nalanda, Vikramshila, Jagaddala, Odantapuri to name only a few. They raised to the ground Buddhist monasteries with which the country was studded. The monks fled away in thousands to Nepal, Tibet and other places outside India. A very large number were killed outright by the Muslim commanders. How the Buddhist priesthood perished by the sword of the Muslim invaders has been recorded by the Muslim historians themselves. Summarizing the evidence relating to the slaughter of the Buddhist Monks perpetrated by the Musalman General in the course of his invasion of Bihar in 1197 AD, Mr. Vincent Smith says, "....Great quantities of plunder were obtained, and the slaughter of the 'shaven headed Brahmans', that is to say the Buddhist monks, was so thoroughly completed, that when the victor sought for someone capable of explaining the contents of the books in the libraries of the monasteries, not a living man could be found who was able to read them. 'It was discovered,' we are told, 'that the whole of that fortress and city was a college, and in the Hindi tongue they call a college Bihar.' "Such was the slaughter of the Buddhist priesthood perpetrated by the Islamic invaders. The axe was struck at the very root. For by killing the Buddhist priesthood, Islam killed Buddhism. This was the greatest disaster that befell the religion of the Buddha in India...."

But today the fashion is to ascribe the extinction of Buddhism to the persecution of Buddhists by Hindus, to the destruction of their temples by the Hindus. One point is that the Marxist historians who have been perpetrating this falsehood have not been able to produce even an iota of evidence to substantiate the concoction.

And you should remember this:

B. R. Ambedkar who became a Buddhist wrote:
"Such was the slaughter of the Buddhist priesthood perpetrated by the Islamic invaders. The axe was struck at the very root. For by killing the Buddhist priesthood, Islam killed Buddhism. This was the greatest disaster that befell the religion of the Buddha in India. " Today it is impossible to find this quotation of the Indian history textbooks.

(Reference: The decline and fall of Buddhism - Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches, Volume III Government of Maharashtra. 1987. p. 229-38). -Sumerendra

Again
The above articles are a sorry state for the Indian continent today. These quarrels never did finish and never will finish. Neither Hinduism, Islam or Bhuddism calls for displacement of or maligning of another religion or culture yet it is obvious that this precept isn't being followed. I am appaulled at the lack of consideration for each other that people display here. I for one will no longer visit this page again.

TO THE DEFENDERS OF ISLAM
It has been a traditional pastime of the defenders of Islam to rave and rant when they are cornered with overwhelming evidence about the wrongdoing of Islam as religion and its practitioners the Muslims (even if they are so-called Rajputs). A case in point is readily available in the form of discussion by Arun Shourie during the Babri Masjid farce thwarting Shahbuddins claim that Islam never destroyed religious places of other religions.

Kindly refer to http://arunshourie.voiceofdharma.com/articles/19921001.htm for the detailed discussion.

SAYVARI - Another Rajput

In response to the person who wrote "Again"
That is your choice not to wish to come back, but to put Islam in the same category as Hinduism and Buddhism is wrong since Hinduism and Buddhism are Dharma fiaths, while Islam is a semitic faith. I guess you weren't a history major or a religious studies student and thus you have no clue about what is the truth. The problems facing India stem from the fact that no one knows or wants to know what the truth is. If you are appaulled by the lack of consideration shown here, I guess you would also be appaulled by the Jews still discussing the crimes of the Holocaust, I guess you would be offended if any Nazi's feelings were hurt. Or perhaps, you would like to simply deny any atrocities that may have taken place throughout the world. In that case you would be worse since now you are a Holocaust denier. The choice is yours. -Sumerendra

Surmendra,

YOU are oddly enough the wrong one here. Islam is a faith for all mankind and it was proved in the Holy Quran where it states in the beginning that it has been revealed for all of Mankind. Therefore regardless of the race of the Prophet who revealed it, it was the same religion which openly stated all races had the same ancestor Adam. Should Islam state Semetic superiority, or acknowledge itself as simply exclusive to Semites, then your claim would have weight. It doesn't state that, so your point is baseless with no weight. I guess you yourself weren't a religious studies major eh? ; )

What do you mean Hinduism and Buddhism are dharma faiths? If they were the same why did the Brahmins seek to destroy it using Rajputs? Also if you are stating that they are in essence 'Spiritual', then I guess the branch of Islam called Sufism popularly isn't spiritual at all?(which does indeed pre date Islam and is a base premise of spirituality which was followed by many enlightened souls from Jesus, the Yogis, Gautamma Buddha and even other Oriental disciplines) These Sufi Saints conquered those damaged hearts with their love and piety what the swords only cut. So be clear, stop being immature and one sided. Rajputs are stubborn towards righteous, your hell bent on the ignorant parts of historical figures. Are you a real Rajput?

Shivraj Singh
You have posted a long article but I do not see the relevance. We need to see some evidence on things you are suggesting: a) majority conversions of hindu rajputs/ordinary hindus happened voluntarily b) they were accomplished by saints and not muslim kings c) akbar did not massacre 30,000 in chittor when they refused to convert.

I am assuming all muslim rajputs engaged in this discussion are from pakistan. It is is also becoming evident that muslim rajputs in Pakistan are trying to tie there lineaqes to arabs/turks rather then hindu rajputs.

This seems like a pressure in pakistani society where arabs/turks are perhaps revered.

This does not fly. Turks/Arabs cannot be rajputs ever. Period. The character that makes a rajput flows in the blood and is acquired thru heredity and not out of thin air.

I can accept that some Islamic saints were really good people and are revered by both hindus and muslims and such saints never indulged in forced conversions.

But for you to not accept that there ever were forced conversions is rewriting history to suit your own beliefs. Islam may not preach the atrocities but they were perpetrated by followers of Islam with the sole aim of spreading Islam. Why is it diffucult to accept this?

Khurram Again
I don't know why a simple information page about a cast or race has been transformed into a cross religion debate. The way I see it is that being a Rajput is only a matter of belonging to a certain blood line. What religion do you practice? I don't think it is relevant at all. Anyway one thing is for sure. This page does prove the enormous energy that Rajput genes do have in them and our basic characteristic, fight even when there is nothing to fight for :) Finally, I know my forefathers and I carry their blood in veins. For this, I personally don't need anyone else's testimony nor does anyone else :)

Khurram

To Khurram
Khurram,

This is Shivraj. You are calling it simple but it is not. You and others have suggested that arabs/turks could be considered rajputs, majority conversions were voluntary, Akbar did not kill 30000 innocent people. In addition you show no appreciation for rajput history and show no reverence for johar and saka. With such an attitude it is difficult to accept that you are a rajput. Lack of knowledge can be corrected if one is willing. But if you want to continue with your way of thinking that is your choice.

To Shivraj
Shiv,

First of all I never suggested that arabs/turks could be considered rajput. I think being a rajput is simply a matter of who your father is and nothing more. Secondly, I don't take Akbar's killing of 30,000 people as Islamic nor do I advocate it. I however don't cry over "collateral damage". By taking the pride of being a member of a "Martial" race, one shall not be whining about such incidents. Being killed by an adversary is nothing to whine about at all. At least I don't think so. A warrior has the right to kill its adversary but so does his adversary.

As far as appreciation of Rajput history is concerned, I like the Rajput characteristics. Things that make one a Rajput. Things like truthfulness, trusworthiness, bravery and honesty to name a few. Remember, being brave is not only the name of ability to face certain death, it requires a lot more courage to accept that you were wrong than facing a hungry wild tiger. I don't know what history of Rajput were you referring to, but to me the history of Rajputs is their behavior everything else is insignificant.

Finally my friend, it doesn't matter if you accept me as a Rajput or not (and why should it matter at all?) I was born a Rajput and will die a Rajput and I need no certification for that.

Khurram

 * I agree with khurram.it doesnt matter - you accept us or not الثاقب (WiseSabre| talk) 22:31, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

You don't know what is Islamic and what isn't, just go to www.jihadwatch.org

Dear Wisesabre,

You have again not answered the questions that were raised and instead tried to defelct the discussion into "collateral damage". The reason you are doing this is because you do not want to accept how hindus were converted to Islam which includes perhaps your forefathers. The truthfulness that you elucidate above is required now from you. You consider this a mark of a true rajput and I agree. Let us see it coming from you and khurram and others.

-Shivraj.

Shiv,

I don't know of any incident when anyone was converted to Islam by threatning their life. This simply is not permitted in the religion itself. Furthermore, I know that my forefathers were not converted to Islam by sword. My forefathers were dewellers of village "Chatala" in the general area "Bhatnair" (we keep our lineage with ourselves and they can be matched against the ones still living there). They converted to Islam at least a century before when Babur entered the sub-continent. During the rule of Ibrahim Lodhi, upon the directions of Sandal Bhatti, the grandfather of famous "Dulla Bhatti" (ever heard of him?) my ancestor moved to the general area "Narowal" and are there since then. My village was there when Baba Jee Guru Nanak established the village of "Kartar Pur" and it is only about three miles away from my village. At the time of partition, ours was the one of the two villages in near vicinity that was completely Muslim. All the surronding villages were primarily Sikhs (all convertd from Hinduism to Sikhism and off course not by force).

I don't want to indulge into the facts about the conversions from Hinduism to Islam or to Sikhism in that matter since it requires another discussion, but I would just like to point out a fact that the Soveit Union couldn't make people convert from Islam in 70 years of total and complete control. A religion is changed when one's heart changes. It is not changed by force, not at least as was the case of India where the ruler changed almost every now and then (except for Mughal rule). If my forefathers were converted to Islam by the fear of death, then there should be no Bhatti Rajput living in the area after that time (remember Rajputs don't flee from the war). On this remartk, I leave the research about the truth of your hypothesis to you.

BTW Baba Jee Guru Nanak was not supportive of the caste system. Doesn't this disqualify the Sikhs from calling themselves Rajputs too (as per the arguments presented somewhere else in this forum?)

Khurram

to shiv- i dont know if someone asked me any question,im not intersted in history of Rajput. what i want was that to correct you people that rajputs are muslims also.

الثاقب (WiseSabre| talk) 17:52, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rajput/Archive 6


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User:WCX/Drachaeanstream

This is the page for the upcoming Drachaean Order streamline.

to discuss these changes please use the talk page

Officers please use this to add, edit or whatever things you want

Overview of changes

 * A thread on the forums that all must reply to, by replying you will be "signing" the guild guidlines. If you do not sign you will be removed from the guild
 * Guild Guideline or constitution of some form
 * Marshal Law for the time being where members can be booted for being idiots
 * Rules for what is appriopriate and not for guild chat and punishment for infractions
 * An idea to serperate officer powers, where one person is over guild ranks, another over guild raids etc.
 * Possible level 30 rank
 * New rank guidlines, inactivity=demotion
 * You must register to the site with a name close to your main ingame character's
 * Submit a list of Main/Alts in a specified thread
 * Possible re-vamp of the rank system

Officer Responsibilities
Krauss-

Chrno- Guild Website, Ventrilio Server, Professions List (public note)

Nickademous-

Guild Chat Guidelines

 * Keep swearing to a minimum
 * if an officer tells you to take a discussion to whisper, then do so at once
 * no harasing other players

Guild Direction
Ok an idea for the future of the guild, A kinda "casual" raiding guild where we primarily deal with the destroying of the outside raid bosses, more specificly the dragons since it would go best with our lore and name. Just an idea being thrown out there

Templar, level 30 rank
need to decide on the test for this rank and any other things needed for it

Guild Events

 * Guild Helper of the week- Members vote on who helped them the most during the week and the winner will receive a prize of an enchant or something to enhance their items
 * Guild Bank Contribuutor- split into 30-50 and 50-60, who ever donates the most to the new guild bank receives a run through an instance of their choice and gets to keep all the loot that they accumilate.
 * First to 60- first to 60 from each class gets one of their set items

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:WCX/Drachaeanstream


text:
User talk:Cypherzero

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! RJFJR 01:45, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Cypherzero


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Canada (Labour Relations Board) v Paul L'Anglais Inc. et al.

Canada (Labour Relations Board) v Paul L'Anglais Inc. et al. [1983] 1 S.C.R. 147 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada constitutional decision on the jurisdiction of the superior courts to hear constitutional arguments. The unanimous court found that courts of inherent jurisdiction such as the Quebec Superior Court had concurrent jurisdiction to hear constitutional cases.

Background
A series of multimedia companies were involved in the production of several television shows and sold air time to sponsors. The Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE) brought a claim against the companies to the Canada Industrial Relations Board (CIRB). CUPE applied to have the companies declared a single party for the purposes of a collective bargaining proceedings. The companies argued that it was impossible as some of them were not inter-provincial companies and thus were outside of federal jurisdiction.

The CIRB found that the companies were within federal jurisdiction, and subsequently granted CUPE's application. The companies, in turn, applied to the Quebec Superior Court for a writ of evocation against the CIRB. The Superior Court denied the application on grounds that they did not have jurisdiction, holding that the Federal Court Act gave the power to hear this sort of case to the Federal Court. On appeal to the Quebec Court of Appeal, the court held that the Superior Court had jurisdiction and granted the writ of evocation.

The issue before the Supreme Court was whether the Superior Court had jurisdiction over constitutional issues.

Opinion of the court
The unanimous court upheld the decision of the Quebec Court of Appeal. The opinion was given by Justice Julien Chouinard.

The court acknowledged the fact that the Federal Court Act gave jurisdiction to the federal courts on matters of federal agencies. However, the act "does not apply to supersede the superintending and reforming power of the Superior Court". The federal government can create a court "for the better administration of the laws of Canada" as per section 101 of the Constitution Act, 1867. Such a court may be given exclusive power over the application of federal laws. However, section 101 does not grant the federal government authority to remove the power of superior courts to determine the constitutionality of federal laws. The government can only create concurrent jurisdiction rather than exclusive jurisdiction.

In the end the court held that the companies were not engaged in matters within the federal powers by creating TV programming and so the CLRB did not have jurisdiction over the dispute. Instead the superior courts had jurisdiction. The court affirmed the Court of Appeal's granting of the writ.

Aftermath
The case largely established concurrent jurisdiction between statutory courts and courts of inherent jurisdiction. However, in later decisions such the jurisdiction trilogy of Cuddy Chicks Ltd. v. Ontario, the Douglas College case, and the Tétreault-Gadoury case have seemingly reversed the ruling with little mention of the case itself.


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Pennsylvania Route 132

Pennsylvania Route 132 (PA 132) is a state highway in southeast Pennsylvania. The route, which is signed east–west, runs northwest to southeast through Bucks County in suburban Philadelphia from PA 611 in Warrington southeast to Interstate 95 (I-95) in Bensalem. PA 132 is a commercial route lined with shopping centers throughout much of its 15 mi length. It is named Street Road and is five lanes wide for much of its length. The route was also designated as the Armed Forces and Veterans Memorial Highway in 2005. From west to east, PA 132 intersects PA 263 and PA 332 in Warminster; PA 232 in Southampton; PA 532 in Feasterville; and U.S. Route 1 (US 1), the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-276), PA 513, and US 13 in Bensalem. Street Road was included in William Penn's survey plans and completed by 1737. The road was paved by 1911 and received the PA 132 designation between US 611 (now PA 611) and US 13 by 1927. The route was widened into a multilane highway and extended east from US 13 to I-95 by 1970. An interchange with the eastbound direction of the Pennsylvania Turnpike opened in 2010.

Route description
PA 132 begins at an intersection with PA 611 (Easton Road) in the community of Neshaminy in Warrington Township, heading to the southeast on Street Road, a roadway that alternates between a four-lane divided highway and an undivided five-lane road including a center left-turn lane. West of PA 611, Street Road continues northwest as State Route 3001 (SR 3001), an unsigned quadrant route, to Lower State Road. From its western terminus, the route heads through commercial areas before crossing the Little Neshaminy Creek and entering residential areas. At the Valley Road intersection, the road crosses into Warminster Township and continues through suburban development as West Street Road. PA 132 enters commercial areas as it comes to a junction with PA 263 (York Road). Farther southeast, the road intersects Mearns Road. After crossing the New Hope Railroad at-grade about 300 ft north of that railroad meeting the terminus of SEPTA's Warminster Line, the route passes through industrial and business areas before intersecting PA 332 (Jacksonville Road).

Past the PA 332 junction, the road continues through a mix of homes and businesses as East Street Road. The route passes northeast of the historic home Craven Hall and the John Fitch Steamboat Museum after intersecting Newtown Road. Upon crossing Davisville Road, PA 132 enters Upper Southampton Township and intersects Maple Avenue as it heads past more businesses as Street Road. The road has a junction with PA 232 (Second Street Pike) in the community of Southampton before passing over the Newtown Rail Trail and reaching an intersection with Churchville Road/Knowles Avenue. After running through wooded residential areas, the road crosses into Lower Southampton Township at the Stump Road junction and passes under Norfolk Southern's Morrisville Line before intersecting Buck Road.

Street Road continues past a mix of residential and commercial development as it comes to an intersection with PA 532 (Bustleton Pike) in the community of Feasterville. After the PA 532 junction, the road heads past several businesses before turning south-southeast near more suburban development. PA 132 curves southeast again and crosses Philmont Avenue prior to entering Bensalem Township. Upon entering Bensalem Township, the route passes over SEPTA's West Trenton Line and intersects Trevose Road as it enters commercial areas in the community of Trevose. After a bridge over CSX's Trenton Subdivision railroad line, PA 132 crosses under the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-276) immediately before an intersection with Old Lincoln Highway, becoming a divided highway.

A short distance later, the road reaches a partial cloverleaf interchange with US 1 (Lincoln Highway) before turning south. After the US 1 interchange, the route comes to a ramp that provides access to and from the eastbound Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-276). PA 132 continues south-southeast past more businesses, becoming an undivided road again past the Richlieu Road intersection and passing two entrances to Parx Casino and Racing to the northeast of the road. The road gains a center left-turn lane and heads past more commercial development, crossing Mechanicsville Road and Knights Road before coming to the PA 513 (Hulmeville Road) intersection. Farther southeast, PA 132 reaches a partial cloverleaf interchange with US 13 (Bristol Pike) before ending at a diamond interchange with I-95 just north of the Eddington station along SEPTA's Trenton Line that follows Amtrak's Northeast Corridor railroad line. Past I-95, Street Road becomes SR 2007, passing over the Northeast Corridor as it continues southeast to State Road near the Delaware River.

In 2016, PA 132 had an annual average daily traffic count ranging from a high of 54,000 vehicles between Trevose Road/Old Street Road and Old Lincoln Highway to a low of 25,000 vehicles between Maple Avenue and Knowles Avenue/Churchville Road. The entire length of PA 132 is part of the National Highway System.

History
Street Road was originally surveyed in the late 17th century, with the road being included in the original survey plans of William Penn for the Province of Pennsylvania. For much of its history it has been known as "the Street road". It was called this because, contrary to present usage where "street" is a synonym for road, the original use of the word "street" was a paved road. The entire length of the road was completed by 1737. Street Road became a paved road by 1911; at the time, the route was not defined as a legislative route. By 1927, PA 132 was designated onto part of Street Road, running from US 611 (now PA 611) in Warrington Township southeast to US 13 in Bensalem Township.

In February 1950, two traffic signals were installed along the road in Bensalem. Street lights were installed along the stretch of PA 132 in Bensalem in December 1952. In August 1956, Bensalem police chief William Riempp urged for the stretch of Street Road through the township to be completely reconstructed as it was one of the most dangerous roads in the state. The state widened the portion of PA 132 through Upper Southampton and Lower Southampton townships from 22 ft to 24 ft in 1956; this widening was called a "useless waste of public funds" by the Lower Southampton Township planning commission as the road was not anticipated to handle increasing traffic volumes. The portion of Street Road between US 1 and US 13 in Bensalem Township was repaved in mid-1957; however the shoulders were not repaved, resulting in a drop between the travel lanes and the shoulder. In August 1958, the Pennsylvania Department of Highways (PDH) considered reducing the speed limit on the two-lane stretch of PA 132 between Davisville Road and Gravel Hill Road in Upper Southampton Township in order to make the road safer.

On January 9, 1960, the PDH awarded a contract worth $1,488,493 to James D. Morrisey, Inc. to upgrade the section of PA 132 between Neshaminy and Warminster to a four-lane divided highway. In November 1961, the portion of Street Road southeast of US 13 was closed to allow for construction of I-95 (Delaware Expressway), which would include an interchange with Street Road; this interchange was planned to be completed in 1962. In January 1962, a proposal was made to split PA 132 onto separate roadways through Feasterville, with the westbound direction using Irving Place a block north of Street Road. In January 1963, plans were made to widen the entire length of PA 132 to 80 ft with a median strip, with a portion in Feasterville to be widened to 71 ft. The widening was originally planned to be completed in 1965. By March of that year, the widening project was shelved as the state felt they should receive federal funds to fund the project. With the widening shelved, businesses from Feasterville and Southampton along with State Senator Marvin Keller led a push to get the portion of Street Road through the two communities paved, which was in disrepair and saw a lot of accidents.

In May 1965, construction began to widen the portion of PA 132 between US 1 and US 13 in Bensalem to a four-lane divided highway. On August 27, 1965, a 2 mi stretch of new concrete pavement along PA 132 in Bensalem was completed, with work then to begin on rebuilding the original roadway to make it a divided highway. The widening of Street Road into a divided highway between US 1 and US 13 was completed in December 1965. The proposed widening of PA 132 in Feasterville drew concerns from residents who feared they would lose their homes. In July 1967, the state made plans to add left turn lanes at PA 132's intersections with US 611 in Warrington and PA 263 in Warminster in order to reduce crashes. In 1969, work was underway in widening Street Road between PA 263 and PA 332 in Warminster. The widening of PA 132 into a divided highway was completed in 1970. As a result of this improvement, a portion of the road was relocated east of Feasterville, with the former alignment becoming Old Street Road. Also by this time, the route was extended southeast to an interchange with I-95.

In May 1971, plans were announced to install a traffic signal at PA 132 and Mechanicsville Road in Bensalem Township, an intersection that saw many accidents. Plans were discussed in September 1975 to reconstruct PA 132 to handle increasing traffic volumes, with work projected to begin between 1977 and 1980. On November 22, 1976, Warminster Township supervisors voted against building sidewalks and curbs on a portion of Street Road in the township in order to not burden taxpayers.

In 2005, a bill was introduced into the Pennsylvania General Assembly designating the entire length of PA 132 as the Armed Forces and Veterans Memorial Highway; this bill was signed into law by Governor Ed Rendell on October 27, 2006. On May 28, 2007, PA 132 was officially named the Armed Forces and Veterans Memorial Highway in a ceremony held in Warminster, with State Representative Kathy Watson in attendance. On November 22, 2010, a ramp with access to and from the eastbound Pennsylvania Turnpike in Bensalem Township opened, intended to provide improved access to Parx Casino and Racing and reduce congestion at the Pennsylvania Turnpike interchange with US 1. The intersection of PA 132 and Knights Road in Bensalem Township was ranked by Time magazine as the most dangerous intersection in the United States from 2003 until 2012.

In 2018, construction began on rebuilding the interchange with US 1 as part of a reconstruction and widening project along that highway. As part of this project, the US 1 interchange with PA 132 was rebuilt to include traffic signals and turn lanes at the intersections between PA 132 and the ramps, while also adding a ramp from eastbound PA 132 to southbound US 1. In addition, left-turn lanes were also added at the intersection between PA 132 and the ramp to and from the eastbound Pennsylvania Turnpike. Construction was completed in 2022.

title: Pennsylvania Route 132


text:
Battle of Osan

The Battle of Osan (오산 전투) was the first engagement between the United States and North Korea during the Korean War. On July 5, 1950, Task Force Smith, an American task force of 540 infantry supported by an artillery battery, was moved to Osan, south of Seoul, the capital of South Korea, and was ordered to fight as a rearguard to delay the advancing North Korean forces while more US troops arrived to form a stronger defensive line to the south. The task force lacked both anti-tank guns and effective infantry anti-tank weapons and had been equipped with obsolete 2.36-inch (60 mm) rocket launchers and a few 57 mm recoilless rifles. Aside from a limited number of HEAT shells for the unit's 105 mm howitzers, crew-served weapons that could defeat T-34/85 tanks from the Soviet Union had not yet been distributed to the US Army forces in South Korea.

A North Korean tank column equipped with ex-Soviet T-34/85 tanks overran the task force in the first encounter and continued its advance south. After the North Korean tank column had breached US lines, the task force opened fire on a force of some 5,000 North Korean infantry that were approaching its position, which held up their advance. North Korean troops eventually flanked and overwhelmed the US positions, and the rest of the task force retreated in disorder.

Outbreak of war
During the night of June 25, 1950, ten divisions of the North Korean People's Army launched a full-scale invasion of its southern neighbor, the Republic of Korea. The North Korean force of 89,000 men moved in six columns, caught the Republic of Korea Armed Forces by surprise, and routed them. The smaller South Korean Army suffered from widespread lack of organization and equipment and was unprepared for war. The numerically-superior North Korean forces destroyed isolated resistance from the 38,000 South Korean soldiers on the front before they began moving steadily to the south. Most South Korean forces retreated in the face of the invasion. The North Koreans had captured South Korea's capital, Seoul, by June 28, which forced the government and its shattered army to retreat further south.

To prevent South Korea's collapse, the UN Security Council voted to send military forces. The US Seventh Fleet dispatched Task Force 77, led by the fleet carrier USS Valley Forge; the British Far East Fleet dispatched several ships, including HMS Triumph, to provide air and naval support. Although the navies blockaded North Korea and launched aircraft to delay the North Korean forces, those efforts alone did not stop the North Korean Army juggernaut on its southern advance. US President Harry S. Truman ordered ground troops into the country to supplement the air support. The strength of US forces in the Far East, however, had steadily declined since the end of World War II, five years earlier, and the closest unit was the 24th Infantry Division of the Eighth United States Army, headquartered in Japan. Military spending cuts meant that the division was understrength and using outdated equipment.

Division Commander Major General William F. Dean determined that the 21st Infantry Regiment was the most combat-ready of the 24th Infantry Division's three regiments. He decided to send the 1st Battalion from the formation because its commander, Lieutenant Colonel Charles Bradford Smith, was the most experienced leading man since he had fought at the Battle of Guadalcanal during World War II. C-54 Skymaster transport aircraft airlifted one battalion from the division garrison under Smith's command into Korea. The battalion deployed quickly to block advancing North Korean forces and performed a holding action while the rest of the division could be moved to South Korea by sea.

Task Force Smith
"When you get to Pusan, head for Taejon. We want to stop the North Koreans as far from Pusan as we can. Block the main road as far north as possible. Make contact with General Church. If you can't find him, go to Taejon and beyond if you can. Sorry I can't give you more information—that's all I've got. Good luck, and God bless you and your men!"

- Major General William F. Dean's orders to Colonel Smith

The first units of the 24th Infantry Division left Itazuke Air Base in Japan on June 30. Task Force Smith, named after its commander Charles Bradford Smith, had 406 men of the 1st Battalion, 21st Infantry Regiment, and 134 men of A Battery, 52nd Field Artillery Battalion, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Miller O. Perry. The forces were both poorly equipped and understrength: 1st Battalion, 21st Infantry, had only two companies of infantry (B and C companies), instead of the normal three for a US Army battalion. The battalion had half of the required number of troops in its headquarters company, half of a communications platoon, and half of a heavy weapons platoon, which was armed with six obsolescent M9A1 Bazooka rocket launchers, two 75 mm recoilless rifles, two 4.2 inch mortars, and four 60 mm mortars. Much of the equipment was drawn from the rest of the understrength 21st. A Battery, which formed the entire artillery support for the task force, was armed with six 105 mm howitzers. The howitzers were equipped with 1,200 high explosive (HE) rounds but were incapable of penetrating tank armor. Only six high explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds were issued to the battery, all of which were allocated to the number six howitzer sited forward of the main battery emplacement. A Battery also had four .50 calibre M2 Browning heavy machine guns and four bazookas.

Most of the soldiers of the task force were teenagers with no combat experience and only eight weeks of basic training. Only a third of the officers in the task force had combat experience from World War II, and only one in six enlisted soldiers had combat experience. Many of them still volunteered to join the task force. The soldiers were each equipped with only 120 rounds of ammunition and two days of C-rations.

By July 1, Task Force Smith had fully arrived in South Korea and briefly established a headquarters in Taejon. The task force soon after began moving north by rail and truck to oppose the North Korean Army. Task Force Smith was the first of several small US units sent into Korea with the mission to take the initial "shock" of North Korean advances and to delay much larger North Korean units with the goal, which would buy time to allow more U.S. units into Korea. Task Force Smith's mission was to move as far north as possible and to begin engaging the North Koreans to stem their advance so that the rest of the 24th Infantry Division could be moved into South Korea to reinforce it. The 24th Division commander, William F. Dean, personally ordered Smith to stop the North Korean force along the highway from Suwon and "as far from Pusan" as possible.

Three days later, on July 4, it dug in on two hills straddling the road north of the village of Osan, 6 mi south of Suwon and about 25 mi south of Seoul. The ridges rose to 300 ft above the road, which provided visibility almost the entire distance to Suwon. The battalion set up a 1 mi line over the ridges. There, they waited to meet the advancing North Korean forces. The force was placed along the road with the infantry formations on the two hills, five of the howitzers 1 mi behind the infantry, and the sixth with its six HEAT shells positioned halfway between the infantry and the other five field artillery pieces. Heavy rain made air support impossible and so Smith and Perry preregistered the artillery battery in the hope it would be just as effective. The heavy machine guns and bazookas of A Battery along with a volunteer crew were sent forward to reinforce the infantry.

Tank columns
At around 0730 on July 5, Task Force Smith spotted a column of eight North Korean T-34/85 tanks of the 107th Tank Regiment, North Korean 105th Armored Division heading south toward them. The North Korean forces, driving south from Seoul, pursued retreating South Korean forces. At 08:16, the artillery battery fired its first rounds at the advancing North Korean tanks. The tanks, which were around 2 km from the infantry force, were hit with numerous 105 mm howitzer rounds, but they were unaffected. When the tanks closed to 700 m, the 75 mm recoilless rifles fired and scored direct hits on the lead tanks but did not damage them. The North Korean tanks returned fire but could not locate the American positions and gun emplacements, and their fire was ineffective.

Once the tanks reached the infantry line Second Lieutenant Ollie Connor fired 22 2.36-inch rockets at a range of 15 yd from his M9A1 launcher tube. Only some of these ignited, but several struck the rear plate armor of several T-34s, where their armor was thinnest. The warheads failed to penetrate the armor, however, and the North Korean tanks continued their advance, ignored the roadblock, and continued down the road. The operators assumed that the roadblock was manned by South Korean troops and ignored it since it did not pose them a serious threat. When the tank column came over the crest of the road, the forward howitzer, commanded by Corporal Herman V. Critchfield, the chief of section, and crewed by five cannoneers, fired its HEAT rounds, damaged the first two tanks, and set one of them on fire. One of the crew members of the burning tank emerged with a PPSh-41 and killed a member of an American machine gun crew before he was killed himself; the American became the first casualty of Korean War ground combat. He was later identified, incorrectly, as Kenneth R. Shadrick. The howitzer, depleted of HEAT rounds, began firing high explosive rounds before it was destroyed by the third T-34. The tanks then advanced and continued to ignore the American howitzer and bazooka fire. The US forces managed to disable another North Korean T-34 when a 105 mm shell struck and damaged its tracks. The tracks of the T-34 tanks cut the communication signal wires between the infantry and artillery forces, which further compounded the confusion. Perry was wounded in the leg by North Korean small arms fire as he attempted to get the crew of the disabled tank to surrender. His artillery force continued firing at the North Korean tanks without effect.

The second column of 25 T-34 tanks approached the task force within an hour. The new T-34 formation advanced singly or by twos and threes close together with no apparent formal organization. The howitzer battery hit another tank from the column in its tracks, disabled it, and damaged three more. The North Korean tanks had destroyed the forward howitzer (number six) and wounded one of its crew members, killed or wounded an estimated 20 infantrymen, and destroyed all of the parked vehicles behind the infantry line. At the main battery position, one of the five remaining 105 mm guns had been slightly damaged by a near-hit. Several of the men in the artillery battery began deserting their positions, but Perry managed to convince most of them to return. Although Smith later stated that he believed that the rounds had deteriorated with age, the ineffectiveness of the 2.36-inch bazooka had been demonstrated repeatedly during World War II against German armor. Because of peacetime defense cutbacks, the 24th Infantry Division had never received improved M20 3.5-inch "Super Bazookas" with M28A2 HEAT antitank ammunition, which could defeat Soviet tanks. After the last tanks had passed their lines, no North Korean forces were spotted for around an hour.

Infantry column
Three more tanks were sighted advancing from the north at around 11:00. Behind them were a column of trucks 6 mi long, carrying two full infantry regiments; the 16th Infantry Regiment; and the 18th Infantry Regiment of the North Korean 4th Infantry Division, which amounted to almost 5,000 troops under the command of Major General Lee Kwon Mu, which were advancing from Seoul. The column apparently was not in communication with the tanks that had preceded it, and the North Korean infantry was not aware of the Americans' presence.

At 11:45, when the column had advanced to within 1000 yd of the Americans, Smith gave the order for the task force to open fire with everything that it had. The mortar, machine gun, artillery, and rifle fire destroyed several trucks, which scattered the column. The three lead tanks moved to within 300 m of Task Force Smith and opened fire. Behind them, around 1,000 of the infantry formed in the rice paddies to the east of the road in an attempt to flank the American forces, but they were repulsed. Smith attempted to order artillery fire on the North Korean force, but runners were unable to get back to the field artillery positions and so he assumed they had been destroyed by the tanks. Within 45 minutes, another enveloping force formed to the west of the road, which forced Smith to withdraw a platoon to the east side of the road. The US infantry then began to take mortar and artillery fire from the North Koreans.

American withdrawal
Task Force Smith managed to hold its lines for three hours, but at 14:30, Smith ordered the Americans to withdraw since they suffered from low ammunition and a breakdown of communications. North Korean forces were then moving on both flanks of the American force and toward the rear of the formation. Smith ordered an orderly withdrawal of the force one unit at a time to allow the rest of the force to cover it as it withdrew. C Company pulled back, followed by the American medics, the headquarters, and finally B Company. 2nd Platoon, B Company, however, did not receive the withdrawal order. When the platoon discovered that it was alone, it was too late for an orderly withdrawal, and the platoon could not move its wounded quickly enough. The platoon left most of its equipment in its positions, which was captured by the North Koreans. Most of the survivors escaped captivity, but a number of wounded litter-borne US soldiers were left behind along with an attending medic. The American wounded were later found shot to death in their litters; the medic was never seen again. One North Korean officer later told the historian John Toland that the American forces at the battle seemed "too frightened to fight."

The retreat quickly broke down into a confused and disorganized rout. Task Force Smith suffered its highest casualties during the withdrawal since its soldiers were the most exposed to enemy fire. The surviving members of Task Force Smith reached Battery A's position. The artillerymen disabled the five remaining howitzers by removing their sights and breechblocks and retired in good order with the remains of the task force on foot to the northern outskirts of Osan, where most of the unit's hidden transport vehicles were found intact. The vehicles, unmolested by the North Korean forces, departed for Pyongtaek and Cheonan, picking up stragglers along the way and eventually joined units of the 24th Infantry Division that had established a second line of defense.

Task Force Smith's force had 250 return to the American lines before nightfall, with about 150 more of the force killed, wounded, or missing. Most of the other stragglers found their way into the American lines over the next several days. The last stragglers from 2nd Platoon, B Company, reached Chonan five days later, only 30 minutes ahead of the North Korean Army. Upon the initial count, Task Force Smith suffered 20 killed in action, 130 wounded in action or missing in action, and around 36 captured. After the end of the war, the figures were revised to 60 dead, 21 wounded and 82 captured, 32 of whom died in captivity. That casualty count accounted for 40% of Task Force Smith. The US troops advancing northward during the Pusan breakout offensive would later discover a series of shallow graves containing the bodies of several soldiers of the 24th Infantry Division. All of them had been shot in the back of the head, with their hands bound behind their backs with communications wire. North Korean casualties were approximately 42 dead and 85 wounded, with four tanks destroyed or immobilized. The North Korean advance was delayed approximately seven hours.

Aftermath

The Battle of Osan was the first US ground action of the war. The fight showed that American forces were weak and unprepared for the war, and outdated equipment was insufficient to fight North Korean armor and poorly trained and inexperienced units were no match for better-trained North Korean troops, but the disparity in number of troops engaged certainly had a profound effect on the outcome of that battle and others. Undisciplined US troops abandoned their positions prematurely and left equipment and wounded for North Korean troops to capture. Smith also said he felt he had stayed too long in his position, which allowed North Korean troops to envelop the force and cause heavy casualties as it retreated. Those weaknesses would play out with other US units for the next month as North Korean troops pushed them further back.

Though the force was badly defeated, Task Force Smith accomplished its mission of delaying North Korean forces from advancing for several hours. During the battle, the 24th Infantry Division's 34th Infantry Regiment set up in Pyeongtaek, 15 mi to the south. It would be similarly defeated at the Battle of Pyongtaek. Over the next month the 24th Infantry Division would fight in numerous engagements to delay North Korean forces with similar results. Within a week, the 24th Infantry Division had been pushed back to Taejon where it was again defeated in the Battle of Taejon. The North Koreans, repeatedly overwhelming US forces, pushed the Eighth Army all the way back to Pusan, where the Battle of the Pusan Perimeter would culminate in the eventual defeat of the North Korean Army.

Three months later, on September 19, Osan would be the location where the US and UN forces, under the command of the Eighth Army, advancing from the south, would meet up with forces of X Corps, advancing from the north after having recently surprised the North Koreans with the Inchon Landings, as both forces were in an offensive pushing the North Koreans back, which would culminate in a complete defeat of the North Korean Army in the south.

In the years after the Korean War, the US Army used the areas in Japan that Task Force Smith had trained as a memorial. A monument to Task Force Smith was also established on the Osan battlefield, where an annual commemoration of the Battle of Osan is held by the Eighth Army, which is still headquartered in South Korea. On July 16, 2010, sixty years after the Battle of Osan, Eighth Army leaders, in conjunction with government officials of Osan, held another ceremony, speaking of Task Force Smith and describing the engagement as "the opening shots of a war of ideas that exists even today." On the 61st anniversary, another ceremony was held by both the US military and Osan politicians to remember the task force.

Memorial
There is a memorial park - 'Osan Jukmiryeong Peace Park' in Osan. This park has museum and monument and opened in July 2020.

title: Battle of Osan


text: User talk:65.41.23.241

title: User talk:65.41.23.241


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shit Happens Webcomic

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete on Wikipedia, Transwiki to Comixpedia Karmafist 16:09, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Shit Happens Webcomic
Effort has been put into this article, that is true. But this webcomic, found here is just none notable, with an alexa rank of over 2 million. Alexa can be a red herring, but for a rank so low, it can be safe to say that this webcomic is not popular. A google search did not bring up anything which would make this website more notable than the others. Another note, is that the main contributor to the article is User:Joellevand, author of the comic. Also, check the newpost on the front page of their site, asking viewers to click on webcomic toplists. If this were notable, they wouldn't need it. This article does not belong on wikipedia, but on comixPedia where it does not yet exist. Sigh. - Hahnchen 01:47, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Jkelly 07:02, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as NN and vanity, per nom. --Jeffrey O. Gustafson - Shazaam! - <*> 07:12, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to ComixPedia if there's no license concerns. - Mgm|(talk) 10:01, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn webcomic. Dottore So 22:03, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. Dragonfiend 15:54, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to ComixPedia as per Mgm. Bobstay 08:37, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to ComixPedia -- may not belong here, but isn't vanity either. --Raincannon 16:42, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd put this down as vanity. The guy who wrote the article seems to be the webcomic artist. - Hahnchen 15:04, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Neh, I'm the artist, and the article was written by my girlfriend before she became co-writer -- but I take your point on it not belonging here. I'll put it on ComixPedia when I get a moment, then feel free to let it go. --Raincannon 06:43, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: If someone wishes to himself copy this to another GFDL wiki before the afd ends, that's all well and good, but please don't close afd nominations as transwikis to non-Wikimedia wikis. —Cryptic (talk) 08:04, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Persuasive Percussion

Persuasive Percussion was an LP album performed by Terry Snyder and the All Stars and released in 1959 by Command Records (run by Enoch Light). The packaging includes the first use of the gatefold cover which, upon being unfolded, lists information about each selection. The liner notes state that the album may be used to test audio equipment, due to the stereo placement of sounds independently in either the left or right channel (something common today, but extremely innovative in 1959). The album cover artwork, by Josef Albers, is minimalistic in style, consisting of an arrangement of dots. The album was the first volume in a series of Persuasive Percussion releases. Provocative Percussion was the second release of the Percussion albums. Both Persuasive Percussion and Provocative Percussion had four volumes released over the next several years.

In April 1960, the album reached number 1 on The Billboard's Stereo Action Albums chart,and stayed at the top for 13 weeks. It spent a total of 124 weeks on the top selling albums charts.

In 1965 Cash Box magazine stated, "Persuasive Percussion Vol. 1 was perhaps the LP that put the stereo disk on the map. Much like Milton Berle, whose antics in the early days of TV was credited with selling millions of sets, this album undoubtedly brought to light the startling musical aspects of stereo sound on records".

Track listing

 * 1) "I'm in the Mood for Love"
 * 2) "Whatever Lola Wants"
 * 3) "Misirlou"
 * 4) "I Surrender Dear"
 * 5) "Orchids in the Moonlight"
 * 6) "I Love Paris"
 * 7) "My Heart Belongs to Daddy"
 * 8) "Tabú"
 * 9) "Breeze and I"
 * 10) "Aloha Oe"
 * 11) "The Japanese Sandman"
 * 12) "Love Is a Many Splendored Thing"

Credits

 * The Command All-Stars	Primary Artist
 * Dominic Cortese	Accordion
 * Dick Hyman	Organ, Piano
 * Jack Lesberg	Bass
 * Enoch Light	Primary Artist
 * Art Marotti	Percussion
 * Tony Mottola	Guitar
 * Cole Porter	Composer
 * Willie Rodriguez	Bongos, Percussion
 * Terry Snyder	Drums
 * Todd Sommer	Drums
 * Stanley Webb	Woodwind

title: Persuasive Percussion