text:
Talk:Gender roles in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Annie yang. Peer reviewers: Lmz8.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 22:08, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
I want information on Aztec midwives and/or healers. Where is the best source to get some "over the top" information. Most text seem to all be so general. I want to learn about the woman during and after her midwifery training.

Copied
This entire article is copied from here & violates copy rights. Someone needs to fix this. Xuchilbara 03:01, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * No, that allexperts.com site is just another mirror of wikipedia content, so there's no copyright vio. The article originated here in wikipedia, and allexperts.com subsequently copied it over to their setup - see the smallprint there noting the text available under the GDFL.

 * Their acknowledgement that wikipedia was the source is admittedly hard to find- a conscious decision, most likely, on their part.--cjllw | TALK  00:27, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

The article is not a very good summary of studies in gender roles in Mesoamerica. First of all it talks about gender roles in MEsoamerica as if there is a single form of gender roles that has been existed in all mesoamerican cultures at all times. That is clearly false, it would need to nuance its statements to apply only to the specific cultures and time periods that the sources it uses are about. Secondly it has to do a much better job at surveying and including the large body of literature about gender roles in indigenous communities in Mesoamerica in both ancient, colonial and modern times. As it is the article is misleading because it makes unnuance generalizing statements about a very large and complex topic based on very few sources that are not the best possible sources on the topic. For example the first statement is directly false since many mesoamerican societies operate and have operated with third gender roles such as the Zapotec Muxe gender, such genders were viously not given from birth. (It is also incorrect to say that a role is given from birth it is the status that is given - the role has to be learned).·Maunus· ƛ · 22:58, 12 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Updated: A Rebuttal**

A REBUTTAL: To the person above, no. The whole Muxe thing is merely an embodiment of the two genders, a mere amalgmation of the two genders, which, were each viewed as necessary whilst in a sort of agonistic unity (James Maffie, 2014). The supposed third gender is but an amalgamation of the two genders. To say otherwise is to Northernize (or Westernize) the nuances these Pre-Hispanic people assigned to concepts like gender. Arguably, gender was something they held as being metaphysically prior to the individual and the community at-large. The only way one could possibly read it in a more or less, say, "nuanced" manner is to pay attention to what the Mexica (or Aztec) for example, thought on these matters. Goodness inhered in gender insofar as it was held as being essential for a well-ordered society (Rhianna Rogers, 2007). Perhaps, once the body aged, maybe just maybe, so too did the one's gender once his/her fecundity and youth faded. This is analogous to the absolute value of the moral standard or tlamanitiliztli (Leon-Portilla, 1963) that inheres in a food source, for example, but which can and does cease to be possessed by the source upon its having gone bad; that is, perhaps there is nuance (of the kind you're thinking) in analogizing organic bodies such as ripe fruit or a fecund body in its prime in light of loss of vitality with regard to sustenance or fertility respectively. Perhaps then, we can allege (ala Caroline Dodd Pennock) this Western notion of "fluidity" or whatever. Otherwise, no.

Rebuttal 2: Okay. No one has the right to label any contribution misleading WITHOUT offering a sound rebuttal to what was said. Simply disagreeing does not make what others say "misleading". Until then, what is stated above is fact! Take it or leave it. This is, after all, the discussion section, not the actual article. No one is forcing the above contribution or opinion; you should not either! I'm taking screenshots for references.

Um... what about men?
Yeah, so, I don't know what the person who described this article as misleading was specifically thinking, but one thing they might've thought is that there's a bit of a discrepancy in the amount the article focuses on women versus the amount the article focuses on men.

For example, as of time of posting, the words "girl" and "women" are used a total of 27 times, whereas the words "boy(s)" "men" and "masculine" are used a total of 10 times. Exactly three facts are given relating to male gender roles (they are given "masculine" toys, they're given a machete at birth, and they're allowed to do all parts of agriculture.) In counting the "facts" given here about women's gender roles, I lost interest at a dozen; 400% fact discrepancy seems enough to prove my point that this article is imbalanced and therefore i;jlj;jl;jjn need of rebalancing.
 * jkl;j(Then again, one has to use the word "fact" llkjoosely if one wants to count as factual the notion that Mesoamerican men won't let women plow fields because plows look and operate vaguely like penises.)

Frankly, this article reads less like an encyclopedia and more like a leaflet by militant feminists. Thoughts for the future: this article needs a little less implication of reverse penis envy, and a little more fair and neutral description of a world culture.

(Plows = penises... talk about misleading...)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Gender roles in Mesoamerica. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101119233308/http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07182004-012228/ to http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07182004-012228/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:17, 25 December 2017 (UTC)

Article quality
This article is written really badly. What is mascpresenting? The flow is also not good. It should not define Mesoamerica in the first paragraph in that specific location like it does. Also why is it written in the present tense? It sounds like it was translated quickly and angrily by somebody with an agenda.

118.160.95.118 (talk) 14:49, 13 February 2019 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Gender and Technoculture 320-01
— Assignment last updated by Marimend (talk) 21:41, 17 October 2022 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Akan names

Day name
I had started the article day name before I found this article.

It seems to me the concept is broader than Akan

Suggestion:
 * we have an article on day name for the general concept
 * also a more details article entitled "Akan (or Ashanti?) day names"

Also, please look at the article on R.S.Rattray, which they are trying to get deleted!

 * Johnbibby 18:10, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

All the names are due to Akan influence Like the Akwamu

Delivernews (talk) 16:45, 9 June 2011 (UTC)

Merged article/additional names
With this edit, a user deleted many additional names. Don't know how useful the material might be. — kwami (talk) 21:23, 26 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Akan names. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140314103015/http://asanteman.freeservers.com/contact.html to http://www.asanteman.freeservers.com/contact.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:59, 29 June 2017 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Akan names


text:
Stamnos

A stamnos (plural stamnoi; adjective stamnoid) is a type of Greek pottery used to store liquids. Stamnoi had a foot, wide mouths, lids and handles on their shoulders. The earliest known examples come from archaic Laconia and Etruria, and they began to be manufactured in Athens around 530 BC.

title: Stamnos


text:
William E. Mason (American politician)

William Ernest Mason (July 7, 1850 – June 16, 1921) was a Republican U.S. Representative and Senator from Illinois. He was the father of Winnifred Sprague Mason Huck.

Mason was born in Franklinville, New York. His family moved to Bentonsport, Iowa when he was 8. He attended Birmingham College. After graduating, he taught at Bentonsport Academy, which he had previously attended. After studying law, he moved to Chicago in 1872 and was admitted to the bar.

Mason was elected to Congress in 1886 and again two years later. Following his defeat in 1890, he returned to law practice in Chicago in 1891 but was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1896. After one term, he returned to Chicago. He served three more terms in the House from 1917 until his death. Mason often was an opponent of U.S. intervention in foreign affairs. He delivered a fiery speech advocating self-governance for the Philippines during the Philippine–American War at the turn of the 20th century: "You cannot govern the Philippine Islands without taxing them. You have not yet their consent to tax them. You propose again to tax them without representation. Look out for tea parties"  On April 5, 1917, he was one of 50 representatives who voted against declaring war on Germany.

He is buried in Oakwood Cemetery in Waukegan, Illinois.

title: William E. Mason (American politician)


text:
Yoshinori Kitase

Yoshinori Kitase (北瀬 佳範) is a Japanese game director and producer working for Square Enix. He is known as the director of Final Fantasy VI, Chrono Trigger, Final Fantasy VII, Final Fantasy VIII and Final Fantasy X, and the producer of the Final Fantasy X and Final Fantasy XIII series.

He is currently the head of Square Enix's Creative Studios I and II, the Final Fantasy series Brand Manager, an executive officer at Square Enix and a member of the board of directors at both Square Enix Co, Ltd and Square Enix Holdings.

He was the head of Square Enix's Creative Business Unit 1 as well as Business Division 1 during their entire respective existences as well as a Corporate Executive. He is also part of the Final Fantasy Committee that is tasked with keeping the franchise's releases and content consistent.

Biography
In July 1978, at the age of 11, Kitase watched the movie Star Wars for the first time and was deeply impressed with it. He later examined the making-of video to it and became interested in the creative process of the film industry. Kitase decided to attend the Nihon University College of Art and studied screenwriting and filmmaking. Although he enjoyed filming, he showed a much greater passion for post-production editing as he felt it allowed him to give the footage a completely new meaning and to appeal to the viewers' feelings. In his first year after the graduation, Kitase worked at a small animation studio that produced animated television programs and commercials. When he played Final Fantasy for the first time, he considered a switch to the game industry as he felt that it had potential when it came to animation and storytelling. Despite having no software development knowledge, he applied at the game development company Square and was hired in March 1990. In the ten years to follow, he gathered experience as an "event scripter", directing the characters' movements and facial expressions on the game screen as well as setting the timings and music transitions. He has compared this work to directing film actors. Kitase continued directing cutscenes in spite of filling other roles in later projects; for example, he directed part of the event scenes in Final Fantasy VIII and was event planner for the Nibelheim section of Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII.

When many players responded to the sci-fi world of Final Fantasy VII and Final Fantasy VIII by requesting a "simple fantasy world", Kitase tried to expand the definition of the word "fantasy" beyond that of a medieval European setting. This led to Southeast Asia being the backdrop for Final Fantasy X. Kitase referred to Final Fantasy VII and its protagonist Cloud Strife as his favorite game and character, respectively. In an interview, he said that he loves first-person shooters. Kitase supervised the Final Fantasy VII: Technical Demo for PS3. Final Fantasy creator Hironobu Sakaguchi feels that he "handed the torch to" Kitase as far as heading the series is concerned.

title: Yoshinori Kitase


text:
Brunswick railway station

Brunswick railway station serves the Toxteth district of Liverpool, England, on the Northern Line of the Merseyrail network. The station serves the nearby district of Dingle and is situated on a short section of track between two tunnels, between the now in-filled Toxteth and Harrington Docks. The station also serves businesses on the Brunswick Dock estate, which gives it name to the station. The residential area of Grafton Street is reached by steps or ramp from the southbound platform.

History
The original Brunswick station was opened on 1 June 1864 by the Garston and Liverpool Railway, on Sefton Street, Liverpool's southern section of the Dock Road. It was the Liverpool terminus of a new Garston and Liverpool Railway line to Liverpool. The terminus was inconveniently outside of the city centre and after only ten years it closed on 1 March 1874 when the line was diverted and extended, mainly by tunnel, to Liverpool Central High Level railway station. A large impressive goods terminal building remained on the station site, providing a connection to the Mersey Docks Railway, giving trains direct access to the quayside at the docks. The goods terminal building was closed in the 1970s. The original passenger station building was still standing until demolition. The mouth of the former Liverpool Overhead Railway tunnel which led to Dingle can be seen just south of the station.

The present passenger station opened in 1998, on a site close to the original station but on the through route to Merseyrail's Liverpool Central underground station. The industrial former dock buildings are served on the river side, and a small housing estate at a higher point on the other.

Facilities
The station has a 35-space car park, free of charge. The Liverpool-bound platform has a ticket office and a shelter with seats. A bridge leads over to the Hunts Cross-bound platform which has another shelter. A ramp and stairs lead upwards to the Eastern entrance. There is a cycle rack for 8 cycles and secure cycle storage for 10 cycles.

Services
The typical Monday to Saturday service at the station is 4 trains per hour northbound to via  and 4 trains per hour southbound to. On Sundays there are 2 trains per hour in each direction.

title: Brunswick railway station


text:
Liberation Monument

The Liberation Monument is a monument in Pyongyang, North Korea. It was built in 1947 to honour Red Army soldiers who took part in capturing Korea from Imperial Japan during the final stage of the Second World War. Soviet paratroopers took control of Pyongyang on August 24, 1945. The monument is composed of a stele surmounted by a five-pointed red star, with the entire structure attaining a height of 30 meters. The square base of the monument bears an inscription on each of its sides. The text, in Russian and Korean, describes the purpose of the monument. The monument is often visited by official delegations as well as by tourists and city residents. It has become traditional for newlywed couples to visit the monument as well.

Inscriptions
Primary Russian text (Front side): ''Великий советский народ разгромил японских империалистов и освободил корейский народ. Кровью, пролитой советскими воинами при освобождении Кореи, еще больше укрепились узы дружбы между корейским и советским народами. В знак всенародной благодарности воздвигнут этот памятник. 15 августа 1945 года.''

English translation:

''The great Soviet people defeated the Japanese imperialists and liberated the Korean people. The blood shed by Soviet soldiers during the liberation of Korea has served to strengthen the bonds of friendship binding the Korean and the Soviet peoples. This monument was erected to signify the gratitude of the Korean people. August 15, 1945.''

Secondary Russian inscription (Back side) ''Вечная слава великой Советской Армии, освободившей корейский народ от ига японских империалистов и открывшей ему путь к свободе и независимости! 15 августа 1945 г.''

English translation:

''Eternal glory to the great Soviet Army that liberated Korean people from Japanese imperialists and showed them the way to freedomy and independence! August 15, 1945.''

title: Liberation Monument


text: User talk:71.51.232.92

title: User talk:71.51.232.92


text:
Krystal Square Off

The Krystal Square Off was the official World Hamburger Eating Championship from 2004 to 2009, taking place in Chattanooga, Tennessee and sanctioned by the International Federation of Competitive Eating (IFOCE). In this event, contestants ate as many Krystal hamburgers as possible in eight minutes.

The sole difference between the hamburgers consumed for the Square Off and the hamburgers purchased from Krystal restaurants is that pickles were removed from hamburgers consumed for the event to minimize the risk of choking.

The Krystal Square Off consisted of a qualifying tour and a world championship. In the qualifying tour, amateur eaters competed with professional eaters for a spot at the world championship. In 2004, the first year of the event, local amateurs Sam Vise and Jeff Hicks defeated professionals to earn a position at the world championship.

The two-minute qualifier record stands at 39 Krystals eaten by "Humble" Bob Shoudt in Nashville, 2007.

Citing "significant" demands on company resources, the company cancelled the event in 2010, looking to shift its "marketing focus and efforts" to new products and new store locations.

History

 * 2004: Kobayashi consumed 69 Krystals in the 8-minute contest, pocketing $10,000 in prize money. Second place went to "The Black Widow" Sonya Thomas who ate 46, pocketing $5,000.
 * 2005: Kobayashi consumed 67 Krystal hamburgers in the 8-minute contest. Second Place went to Joey Chestnut (62) of San Jose, California. Sonya Thomas (56) took third. "Humble" Bob Shoudt (51) of Royersford, Pennsylvania took fourth place. Prize money was $10,000, $5,000, $2,500, $1,500 respectively, for the top four positions.
 * 2006: The event, taking place at the First Tennessee Pavilion, was televised live on ESPN2 for the first time. Kobayashi and Chestnut both topped the event's world record near the midpoint of the contest, with Kobayashi (97 Krystals) taking the victory. Patrick "Deep Dish" Bertoletti, of Chicago also broke the previous world record, finishing third with 76. The winners split a $30,000 purse. An amateur event, dubbed the Krystal Sackful Challenge, was held prior to the main event. It featured two-person teams chosen from the audience, eating as many Krystals as possible in two minutes. The winners of the inaugural challenge were Matt Alling, 24, of Birmingham, and Bruce Clements, 23, of Chattanooga.
 * 2007: Joey Chestnut devoured 103 Krystal hamburgers in eight minutes to win the Krystal Square Off IV World Hamburger Eating Championship. The battle for second between 22-year-old Patrick "Deep Dish" Bertoletti and "Humble" Bob Shoudt, 41, ended in an upset. Shoudt, ranked seventh in the world, consumed 95 Krystals to edge out Bertoletti, the number two ranked eater in the world. Chestnut won $10,000 and a Krystal Square Off champion's belt and trophy made out of crystal. Shoudt's runner-up finish earned $7,500, while Bertoletti third-place finish earned $3,500. The winner of the first three competitions, Takeru Kobayashi, did not participate due to a jaw injury.
 * 2008: Joey Chestnut defended his title successfully, eating 93 Krystals. Pat "Deep Dish" Bertoletti finished second with 85.  Takeru Kobayashi scored 84, 13 fewer than his 2006 total, to place third.
 * 2009: This last edition featured a revised ruleset. First, eaters were no longer allowed to dunk their hamburgers in liquid in an effort to eliminate “detritus” during the competition. Also new this year, every eater was given five Big Angus Burgers at the start of the competition in addition to their tray of Krystal hamburgers. Each Big Angus Burger consumed added five hamburgers to an eater’s total count.  Takeru Kobayashi defeated reigning champion Joey Chestnut with a score of 93 (68 Krystals, 5 Big Angus Burgers), earning the $20,000 top prize.  Chestnut was second, with 81, and Pat "Deep Dish" Bertoletti finished third, with 76.
 * 2010: There has been no event since 2010 as the company changed its "marketing focus and efforts" to new products and new company-owned restaurant locations. It was called off in August.

100 burgers or more ("The Double Tre Double Deuce")

 * Joey "Jaws" Chestnut (San Jose, CA) - 103 (#1 2007)

90 burgers or more ("The Triple Tre")

 * Takeru "Tsunami" Kobayashi (Nagano, Japan) - 97 (#1 2006)
 * "Humble" Bob Shoudt (home page) (Royersford, PA) - 95 (#2 2007)
 * Patrick "Deep Dish" Bertoletti (Chicago, IL) - 94 (#3 2007)

70 burgers or more ("The Double Tre and a Half Deuce")

 * Tim Janus (New York, NY) - 74 (#4 2007)

60 burgers or more ("The Double Tre")

 * Hall Hunt (Jacksonville Beach, FL ) - 63 (#6 2008)
 * Sonya "The Black Widow" Thomas (Alexandria, VA) - 62 (#1 Chattanooga, TN qualifier 2006)

50 burgers or more ("The Deuce Tre")

 * Juliet Lee (Germantown, MD) - 55 (#7 2008)
 * Chip Simpson (USA) - 55 (#5 (tie) 2006)
 * Rich "The Locust" LeFevre (Henderson, NV) - 53 (#6 2007)
 * Shaun Kesler (Chattanooga, TN) - 52 (#2 Atlanta, GA qualifier 2006)
 * Eric "Badlands" Booker (Copiague, NY) - 51 (#2 Nashville, TN qualifier 2008)
 * Juris Shibayama (Murfreesboro, TN) - 51 (#2 Nashville, TN qualifier 2008)
 * Crazy Legs Conti (New York NY,) - 50 (#2 Knoxville, TN qualifier 2008)
 * Erik "The Red" Denmark (Seattle, WA ) - 50 (#3 Memphis, TN qualifier 2008)

40 burgers or more ("The Double Deuce")

 * Tim "Gravy" Brown (Chicago, IL) - 45 (#2 Atlanta, GA qualifier 2008)
 * Jim "Buffalo" Reeves (Buffalo, NY) - 44 (#3 Atlanta, GA qualifier 2008)
 * Arturo "The Natural" Rios (NJ) - 44 (#9 2006)
 * Allen "The Shredder" Goldstein - 42 (#2 Atlanta, GA qualifier 2007)
 * Seaver "The Achiever" Miller (Ashburn, VA) - 41 (#3 Memphis, TN qualifier 2006)

30 burgers or more ("The Tre")

 * Dale Boone (Atlanta, GA) - 38 (#12 2006 finals)
 * Elizabeth Canady (Bradenton, FL) - 38 (#2 Jacksonville, FL 2007)
 * Ron Koch (Las Vegas, NV,) - 37 (#8 2005 finals)
 * Justin Mih (Boston, MA,) - 36 (#13 2006 finals)
 * Eric "Steakbellie" Livingston (Drexel Hill, PA) - 35 (#4 Atlanta, GA qualifier 2008)
 * RJ Frasca - 35 (#3, Jacksonville, FL qualifier 2009)
 * Sam Vise (Union City, TN) - 35 (#10 2005 finals)
 * Micah "Wing Kong" Collins (Drexel Hill, PA) - 33 (#5 Atlanta, GA qualifier 2008)
 * Lynn Curley (Nashville, TN ) - 33 (#2 Nashville, TN qualifier 2004)
 * Charles "The Godfather" Hardy (Brooklyn, NY) - 33 (#6 (tie) 2004 finals)
 * Ed "Cookie" Jarvis (Nesconsett, NY) - 33 (#6 (tie) 2004 finals)
 * Chris Abatsas (TN) - 32 (#2 Chattanooga, TN qualifier 2006)
 * Nathan Biller (Briarwood, NY) - 32 (#5 Nashville, TN qualifier 2008)
 * Pete "Pretty Boy" Davekos (Boston, MA) - 32 (#3 Knoxville, TN qualifier 2008)
 * Russ Keeler (PA, USA) - 31 (#2 Perry GA qualifier 2007)
 * Rick Petralia (Chattanooga, TN) - 31 (#3 Chattanooga, TN qualifier 2009)
 * Dave "U.S. Male" Goldstein (Voorhees, NJ) - 30 (#5 Knoxville, TN qualifier 2008)
 * Cade Hardin (Huntsville, AL) - 30 (#3 Nashville, TN qualifier 2004)
 * Carlene LeFevre (Henderson, NV) - 30 (#2 Perry, GA qualifier 2004)
 * Kevin Ross (Temecula, CA) - 30 (#3 Nashville, TN qualifier 2007)
 * Loren "Bubba" Yarbrough (Newnan, GA) - 30 (#13 2005 finals)

title: Krystal Square Off


text: User talk:80.0.116.119

title: User talk:80.0.116.119


text:
United Kingdom food information regulations

The law in the United Kingdom on food information and labelling is multifaceted and is spread over many reforms and parliamentary acts. UK law is based on the relevant European Union rules, chiefly Regulation (EU) 1169/2011, which is implemented in the UK in the Food Information Regulations 2014, the Food Information (Wales) Regulations 2014, the Food Information (Scotland) Regulations 2014 and the Food Information Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2014. Regulations apply to the labelling of goods pre-packaged for sale and to the provision of information regarding non-prepacked (loose) foods.

General rules
There are general rules applying to any food product:
 * Name – It must inform the customer the nature of the product. It may also be necessary to attach a description to the product name. However, there are certain generic names which must be only used for their conventional uses. Muesli, coffee, and prawns are among those exceptions.
 * Ingredients – All ingredients of the food must be stated under the heading 'Ingredients' and must be stated in descending order of weight when present at more than 2% in the product. Ingredients making up less than 2% may be declared in any order at the end of the declaration. Moreover, certain ingredients, such as preservatives, must be identified as such by the label 'Preservatives', a specific name, e.g. "sodium nitrite", and the corresponding European registration number colloquially known as an "E number", e.g. "E250". When ingredients are themselves made of a number of sub-ingredients (e.g., mayonnaise), these must be declared as well in the ingredient declaration. If ingredients or additives contain one of the listed 14 EU allergens, these must be explicitly named in the list. For example: 'Preservative: E220 (Sulphites)'.
 * Nutritional information– The display of nutritional information is mandatory on most pre-packaged goods in Northern Ireland as result of the Northern Ireland Protocol. In the rest of the UK, displaying nutritional information is only mandatory if the manufacturer makes a 'nutritional claim' such as 'Low Sugar' or if vitamins and minerals have been added to the food.
 * Medicinal or nutritional claims – Medicinal and nutritional claims are tightly regulated. Some are only allowed under certain conditions, while others are not authorized at all. For example, presenting claims the food product can treat, prevent, cure diseases or other 'adverse conditions' are prohibited. While claiming the food is reduced in fat or rich in vitamins require the food to meet compulsory standards and grades. In addition, the terms must be used in a form specified in regulations.
 * Date labelling Until 1980 there was no legal requirement for food to be labelled with date information, although some retailers had long been using dates, often in coded form not intelligible to purchasers, to help with stock control. Great Britain first introduced legislation in 1980 when the Food Labelling Regulations harmonized UK law with the 1979 EC Labelling Directive (79/112/EC), which required a 'date of minimum durability' – the 'best-before' date – but allowed member states to use their own terms, thus allowing the UK to use the sell-by date. When introduced, food could be sold after this date; it was information to help consumers, not a requirement. It later became illegal to sell food past its 'use-by' date.  There are two types of date tagging:
 * Use-by date – 'Use by date' must be followed by a day and/or month which the product must be consumed by. This is to be applied on perishable foods that usually would be kept cold: fish, meat, dairy products, and 'ready to eat' salads.
 * Best-before date – 'Best before date' is used as an indicator of when the product will begin to degrade from optimal quality; this includes when the food becomes stale, begins to taste 'off' or decays, rots, or goes mouldy. There are also regulations on which type of best before date must be applied:
 * Best before + day for foods with a shelf life of up to 3 months.
 * Best before end (BBE) + month for foods with a more-than 3-month shelf life.
 * Best before end (BBE) + year for food with a more-than 18-month shelf life.
 * Storage conditions – If there are any particular storage conditions for the product to maintain its shelf life, these must be pointed out. However, as a rule, it is recommended to always describe the necessary storage conditions for a food product.
 * Business name and address – In addition to the business name and address, it is necessary to indicate the manufacturer or packager if independent to the main business and the seller is established within the European Union.
 * Place of origin – The food is required to specify its place of origin, especially if the name or trademark is misleading. An example of this is if the product is called 'English Brie Cheese' when it is produced in France.
 * Instruction for use – This is only necessary if it is not obvious how to use or prepare the product, in which case the consumer's own initiative must be used.
 * Presentation – The label must be legible and easy to read. Also, it must be written in English but, the manufacturer may also include other languages.
 * Batch identifier, such as Lot Mark or Batch Code – It must be possible to identify individual batches with a lot mark or batch code. The code must be prefixed with the letter 'L' if it can not be distinguished from other codes however, the date mark can be used as a lot mark. Manufacturers must bear in mind that the smaller the size of a batch, the smaller financial consequences in the case of a product recall.
 * Sectioning – All of the following must be in the same field of vision:
 * Product name
 * Date mark
 * Estimated net weight or quantity
 * Alcohol strength (if applicable).
 * Standard specification – Indicate the level of the standard compliances which the product are manufactured and packaging are completed against and the specification limits if the standard is not publicly available, especially for those of:
 * Microbial limits
 * Heavy metal limits
 * The limits of pesticide residuals
 * The limits of preservatives, artificial flavouring and colouring, etc.
 * Food additives – The items should be presented by their approved names (i.e. domestically), functional classes, and numbers of International Numbering System (INS) or equivalent.

 * Allergens – Certain common allergens must be declared explicitly in the ingredient declaration and a summary list of allergens may be added nearby for added clarity for the consumer. These include allergens present in the actual recipe's ingredients, but also those from additives and processing aids when residues may be present in the product. There are 14 sources of allergens that need to be mentioned when they or their derivatives are present in a product:
 * Celery
 * Cereals containing gluten
 * Crustaceans
 * Eggs
 * Fish
 * Lupin
 * Milk (including lactose)
 * Molluscs
 * Mustard
 * Nuts (specifically: almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pistachios and walnuts)
 * Peanuts
 * Sesame seeds
 * Soybeans
 * Sulphur dioxide and sulphites

External links and further reading

 * Labelling notes from the UK Food Standards Agency
 * Official EU Food Law texts and guidelines
 * "Labels and Other “Krafty” Stuff"


text:
User:Duderon

Yo, just made a profile and will be updating momentarily.

title: User:Duderon


text:
Talk:Tonkawa language

Tonkawa Phonemes
I've got a chart from Tonkawa Texts, by Harry Hoijer, which shows the Tonkawa Phonemes. I think the charts currently in this article are gleaned from the resources at Rosetta Project, which I have looked at. Here is the chart, using the orthography that Hoijer used:

Comments
If no one has any objection to this, I'll go ahead and put it on the article sometime...

By the way, these are the phonemes of Tonkawa, and thus are not just a representation of the language's phonemes in a certain orthography. Please note that I didn't use the IPA here, but Hoijer's orthography for Tonkawa. If you have any objections, let me know!

 * — Benjamin 20:10, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * hi. i am not sure exactly you are adding to the article. do you want to replace what is in the article to symbols that Hoijer uses? (i think that Mithun was used as the source for the article, but of course we should ideally check the originals - there is an early grammar & a later sketch in addition to the collection of texts) peace – ishwar  (speak)  22:17, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Rosetta also uses Mithun (why dont they use the original?). – ishwar  (speak)  22:21, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

In response to Ish ishwar above: Yeah, I used Mithun for the phoneme chart. As I see it, the two best options would be either to (a) leave the current tables up and describe Hojier's orthography and it's foundations in the phonemes of Tonkawa elsewhere in the article (the article right now has about two sentences on this), or (b) replace the table with Hojier's and make sure the allophonic changes and IPA representations are mentioned in the accompanying text. In theory, it shouldn't really matter which we do. I myself don't have a preference. Take care --Whimemsz 03:29, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * we should probably stay with IPA since that is what is generally used in wikipedia. Hoijer is using Americanist phonetic notation which is essentially the same as it is now. i personally like Americanist transcription, but using it would be inconsistent with other articles. i dont know that this needs to be discussed at all: almost all literature on American languages uses this system. i think i have a copy of Hoijer's sketch somewhere. i'll see what it says. – ishwar  (speak)  05:36, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I wasn't really saying that we should change the orthography, in fact I don't think it really matters what orthography is used since it's a dead language. However, is seems to me that using the IPA might be a bit awkward (at least for the vowels).  The vowel chart in IPA would be as follows:

 * Anyway, what I was getting at with my first message was that I think the "sounds" tables on the article ought to be tables of the Tonkawa phonemes, not phonemes and a few allophones. Then the info about /ʦ/ being dental to postalveolar could be put in the section currently called "phonology" (as it is), along with anything else that would be about allophones.  If I understand right, this is Whimemsz's option (b).
 * As for the vowels table, I just thought the one supplied by Hoijer would be more accurate as to the position of the vowel phonemes. What I have here is the actual table that Hoijer put in Tonkawa Texts.
 * Hope we're all on the same page now. Henoxco'.  —Benjamin

 * I'm going to go ahead and put these charts in the article, using the IPA. Ishwar, let me know if you find any of those other materials that you mentioned; I'd like to know if they're any different.  Thanks!  – Benjamin 20:14, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * hi. no, i still havent compared the texts to the sketch. I changed palatal to the more accurate velar. Hoijer and many other linguist elders dont always use precise articulatory descriptions via their symbolization which they want to be phonologically structured in a nice and neat way (whatever the phonetics actually). Hoijer says that these sounds are front palatal and back palatal depending on the vowel environment. You will find postalveolar to uvular as "palatal". His early grammar may have the most detailed description of the phonetics, so someone should check that out. peace – ishwar  (speak)  22:45, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * orthography: I think it's better to follow the Tonkawa website's orthography. This may be closer to what the tribe uses in language classes (assuming they are holding classes). – ishwar  (speak)  22:58, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, that looks great. About the orthography: the reason I put Hoijer's orthography on there was because the website's isn't quite uniform.  The pronunciation key on their website shows what I wrote the notes about, but then if you look at a page on their online dictionary, you'll see that they use a superscript question mark (?) for the glottal stop.  I doubt that they have language classes since the language is dead, but I don't know.  You can change the orthography if you want to; it doesn't matter to me.  –Benjamin 23:45, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * my thinking about using the website stems from Hoijer's audience being mainly linguists & anthropologists. Since the Tonkawa site promises that it will soon have an update to the dictionary with sound files, it looks like people are doing something with the language. Language death is not a dead-end, esp. with a beautiful model of the Jewish language to follow. Maybe they are inconsistent on their site about the glottal stop symbol, or maybe some prefer different symbols (standardization neednt be a necessity). But, we can find out: let's send them an email asking what they prefer. Maybe it will lead to further (interesting) improvements. thanks – ishwar  (speak)  04:11, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, the article seems to be shaping up quite well; thanks for all your work on it, Ishwar. I just now added a section for a text example, there's probably a better way to format it, so please do so if you want.
 * You're right, languages can be brought back; the Catawba language has been dead for many years, but the Catawbas do have a language program and are trying to revive it. –Benjamin 21:00, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Coahuilteco and Tonkawa
According to Ethnologue, Tonkawa belongs to a language family named "Coahuiltecan", which happens to sounds very much like "Coahuilteco", another dead and isolated native American language from Texas. Are those two related or not? — N-true 00:23, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Not related. This is a speculative proposal that has not been backed up with convincing evidence. The hypothetical Coahuiltecan family (e.g. Edward Sapir's) consists of Coahuilteco, Cotoname, Comecrudan, Karankawa, and Tonkawa. Ethnologue is probably using this (although they dont list older extinct languages). You shouldnt use Ethnologue for American language classifications, use references written by specialists. Ideally, a section should be written about Tonkawa's connection to the Coahuiltecan hypothesis & why it's not accepted. more to do... – ishwar  (speak)  06:10, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Tonkawa language. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050316021951/http://www.tonkawatribe.com/culture/language.htm to http://www.tonkawatribe.com/culture/language.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050316021951/http://www.tonkawatribe.com/culture/language.htm to http://www.tonkawatribe.com/culture/language.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:34, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

"Dative" Cases
The names "Dative (Arrival)" and "Dative (Approach)" sound like they mean lative and allative to me, rather than dative (which I believe implies giving or benefit). I don't really know anything about this language, though. I also don't know whether simply replacing the terms without explanation would be an improvement to understandability.2600:1700:8C10:8770:D47E:E1A6:63B9:343A (talk) 05:07, 10 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tonkawa language


text:
Talk:Munich U-Bahn

Untitled
I moved the following text from the article (it was commented out) --Jason McHuff 20:11, 3 October 2005 (UTC):

Average Speed
Hi all, I am a newcomer to wikipedia syntax so there is something that I noticed needs to be fixed in this article but I do not know how to do it. I hope someone else can. In the "fact box" at the top right of the article, it lists the munich u-bahn's average speed as 35.6mph, lists that speed converted into km/h, and then links to the annotated source. I went to check out the source and found that the source lists the average speed as 35.6km/h, NOT 35.6mph. The number is in the unfamiliar syntax of the "fact box" plus the unfamiliar syntax of something that is automatically converting the mph figure to km/h. Will someone please fix this appropriately? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.184.178.71 (talk) 03:05, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

Technical Base
Prior to construction of Munich's U-Bahn there was a survey for the site of a new U-Bahn

Vor Beginn des U-Bahn-Baus wurde nach einer geeigneten Stelle für ein Betriebswerk für die U-Bahn gesucht, die bisherigen Straßenbahnwerkstätten kamen allein schon aus Platzgründen nicht in Frage, eine unterirdische Werkstatt im Zentrum kam aus finanziellen Gründen nicht in Frage. Schnell stand deswegen fest, dass im nördlichen Stadtgebiet oberirdisch am Kieferngarten eine Werkstatt entstehen sollte. Aus diesem Grund hatte auch der Bau der U6 bis Kieferngarten Priorität, obgleich andere Strecken an sich wichtiger gewesen wären.

Anfangs bestand das Betriebswerk in Fröttmaning hauptsächlich aus Abstellanlagen und Lagergebäuden sowie Wartungshallen, in denen kleinere Reparaturen und teilweise auch Überholungen erledigt wurden. Da der noch kleine Wagenpark keine Hauptwerkstätte rechtfertigte, mussten einzelne Teile zur Reparatur in die Straßenbahnhauptwerkstätte überführt werden.

Als Mitte der 1970er Jahre der U-Bahn-Bau immer weiter voran schritt, führte der erhöhte Wagenbedarf dazu, dass neben den Wartungshallen eine Hauptwerkstätte errichtet wurde, in der alle nötigen Aufgaben für die U-Bahn ausgeführt werden können. In den 1980er Jahren folgte der weitere Ausbau des Betriebhofs Nord zum jetzigen Zustand, der Technischen Basis in Fröttmaning mit mittlerweile eigenem angrenzenden U-Bahnhof.

In Neuperlach Süd existiert der sogenannte Betriebshof Süd, der jedoch fast ausschließlich aus einer großen Abstellanlage besteht. Unter der Theresienwiese befindet sich mit der Betriebsanlage Theresienwiese eine weitere große Abstellanlage.

Vor Fertigstellung des Betriebhof Nord fand auf einer Teilstrecke der U6 ja bereits ein Testbetrieb statt, dafür wurde die Abstellanlage nördlich des Bahnhofs Alte Heide vorübergehend als behelfsmäßige Werkstatt genutzt.
 * shall I translste it? and maybe start a separate article Munich U-Bahn Technical base and overhaul depot??IsarSteve 15:16, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Proper Names
Trying to literally translate all the names of stations is not necessary and makes all the hard work put into this page look very childish. e.g. Klinikum Großhadern and München Hauptbahnhof. I propose leaving the station names in German with an english explaination, if necessary in brackets  e.g. Hauptbahnhof (Main station). By the way, Central station is not correct!! IsarSteve 13:34, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Er, central station is correct, although it is not a literal translation. But as THEY translate it to Central Station in official maps, Wikipedia should use that term, too. -- 3247 16:33, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Duplicate Pictures
Is there any particular reason the pictures of the Georg-Brauchle Ring station and the Frötmanning station are in this article twice? Granted they may be somewhat relevant in both locations, but I think that the redundancy outweighs the relevance. Lapunkd 06:31, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

Order of the Sections
I feel like, per de facto standards established in countless other articles, that the history section should probably be the first section in this article, or, at the very least, certainly not last. Lapunkd 07:03, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

Rating
This article is definitely far beyond the Start rating for Wikiproject Germany. It has numerous outstanding photographs (one a FP!), and an impressive amount of information about each U-Bahn line, past, present, and future.Lapunkd 22:03, 18 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree --IsarSteve 00:43, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

Reorg
The article is good, but in its current form it's very long. I think it would help to split off the part about each line to a separate article. Any objections? --Reuben 05:17, 1 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Not really. It would give the opportunity to delve a little more into the history of the lines, ie there was an U5 in the 1970's as a "Verstärkerlinie". I got a few refs on User:Agathoclea/UBahn, just being a bit busy with other things atm. Agathoclea 22:04, 2 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Example line page: User:Reuben/U1 (Munich U-Bahn) --Reuben 17:47, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Further plans/U9 (Bypass line)
The press release link (source 10 by now) is dead. Similar information can be found at https://www.mvg.de/ueber/mvg-projekte/u-bahn/u9.html (in German) 93.104.168.89 (talk) 17:13, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Munich U-Bahn. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215908/http://www.mvg-mobil.de/ueberuns/images/mvg_in_figures_s.pdf to http://www.mvg-mobil.de/ueberuns/images/mvg_in_figures_s.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140309050754/http://www.mvg-mobil.de/presse/2014-02-11_mvg-pressemeldung.pdf to http://www.mvg-mobil.de/presse/2014-02-11_mvg-pressemeldung.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:09, 8 February 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Munich U-Bahn


text:
User talk:Mirage5000

 * Talk page archive

COTW Project
You voted for 1950s, this week's Collaboration of the week. Please come and help it become a featured-standard article. Davodd 19:55, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Motto of the day
Hello, I notice you're using one of the motd templates, run by Motto of the day. You may have noticed that some of the mottos recently have been followed by a date from 2006, or on occasion simply "Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". The reason for this is that Motto of the day is in some very serious need of help. Participation in the project, which has never been especially high, has dropped considerably over this past summer, to the point we have had several days where no motto was scheduled to appear at all. Over the past several weeks, I've been the only editor scheduling mottos at all, but there aren't enough comments on some of these mottos to justify their use. If we do not get some help - and soon - your daily mottos will stop. In order for us to continue updating these templates for you, we need your help.

When you get a chance between your normal editing, could you stop by our nominations page and leave a few comments on some of the mottos there, especially those that do not have any comments yet? This works very simply; you read a motto, decide whether or not you like it, and post your opinion just below the motto. That's it - no experience required, just an idea of what you personally like and what you feel reflects Wikipedia and its community. If you do have past experience with the project, then please close some of the older nominations once they've got a decent consensus going. There are directions on the nominations page on how to do this.

If you have any questions, please let me know, or post on the project's talk page. I'm looking forward to reading your comments on the suggested mottos, and any additional suggestions you'd like to make. Until then, happy editing! Hers fold  (t/a/c) 01:40, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

Motto of the Day Help Request April 2014
Motto of the Day (WP:MOTD) is in a state of emergency and really needs your help! There are not enough editors who are reviewing or nominating mottos at Motto of the day/Nominations/In review, and this probably means that you will notice a red link or “This space for rent” as our mottos for the next weeks and months.

Please take a moment to review the nominations and nominate your own new mottos at Wikipedia:Motto of the day/Nominations/In review and Wikipedia:Motto of the day/Nominations/'Specials. Any help would be appreciated! MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 09:13, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

 * This message has been sent by p joe f on behalf of Motto of the Day to all editors of the English Wikipedia who are showing MOTD's templates on their pages, and to all the participants to MOTD: (page, template, and category).

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mirage5000


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Applesquash

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:35, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Applesquash
Hoax veggie. Google shows 23 uniques, nearly all of which are for one Hiram Applesquash. The rest are for apple+squash recipes. Delete — Lomn | Talk / RfC 20:11, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this hoax. Friday (talk) 20:15, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hoax. (I wish it were true though. Yum). KeithD (talk) 20:27, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I think it should stay, I've heard of this from my cousins in Southern Ireland. Sounds tasty :) AWESOME VEGGIE I LOVE ITTTTTT keep it. (Unsigned comments from User:24.128.23.21 who created the article, and vandalised this AfD by changing people's votes).
 * Delete Here's one Southern Irish vegetarian who never heard of it. Sounds better than dulse though.  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  21:40, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-existent fruit hybrid. Andrew pmk | Talk 00:47, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Videoscandals

The Videoscandals (Videoescándalos)  were political scandals in Mexico in 2004 when videos of prominent politicians taken with hidden cameras were made public. The majority of them involved politicians in corrupt dealings with former business man Carlos Ahumada, and another showed a politician spending money in Las Vegas.

The videos
The videos are listed in order of chronological appearance on television.

Jorge Emilio González
The first video shown on national television was of Jorge Emilio González Martínez, the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM) leader (a long time ally of the PRI party). He was taped by one of his own party members, who introduced him to the businessman interested in the project, allegedly negotiating a $2 million bribe in cash to assist in the development of a hotel in an ecologically protected area. The three met at the PVEM headquarters.

During an interview with Grupo Reforma, Emilio talked about some accusations: his involvement with a Bulgarian woman's death, which happened inside one of his properties located in Emerald, Cancún

Gustavo Ponce
Mexico City's finance chief, Gustavo Ponce, was filmed gambling at the Bellagio Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.

René Bejarano
The second scandal came when René Bejarano, previously López Obrador's personal secretary, later elected to the Mexico City legislature, was videotaped accepting USD $45,000 in cash. The video got to the hands of Congress member Federico Döring who took it and had it shown on March 3, 2004 at Victor Trujillo's news program (which he hosted as his Brozo character). Subsequently, Bejarano again appeared in another video, negotiating with Ahumada the assignment of public positions in the Álvaro Obregón delegation.

Carlos Ímaz
The delegate of Tlalpan (a district within Mexico City), Carlos Ímaz, was also shown receiving money from Carlos Ahumada. A judge sentenced him to 3 years and 6 months in prison, however, the penalty was replaced by a fine of 100 thousand pesos. His wife at the time was Claudia Sheinbaum, who would be elected President of Mexico in 2024.

title: Videoscandals


text:
Talk:Armitage III: Poly-Matrix

VA
I edited in to note that the voice actors/actresses listed are from the English dub. If someone with the information could add to/replace this with the Japanese voice actors, that would be great (if both are listed, with the Japanese in priority since it's the original version). MardukZero 20:11, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Armitage III: Poly-Matrix


text:
Orwell, Cambridgeshire

Orwell is a rural village outside Cambridge in South Cambridgeshire, England.

The Prime Meridian passes the eastern edge of Orwell.

History
The village of Orwell grew around the well that gave it its name and the Roman road that runs to Cambridge runs alongside the village. Listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Ordeuuella, (Ord Wella, in Old English) the village's name means "spring by a pointed hill".

The hill in question may be the natural one which lies behind St Andrew's Church. However, it is anything but pointed. There was once a man-made hill near to where the Church now stands, and an old map shows it as being pointed and that a spring emerged from its foot. The date of this hill is not known, but if it was made for a religious purpose then it may well pre-date the Church. There is an old excavation site for clunch, a traditional building material, in the side of the hill. It is now overgrown with wild flowers and is grazed by rare breeds of sheep. "The Clunch Pit" has views into three different counties, as the pit places visitors a couple hundred feet above the village below. It also contains a very small cave.

The parish is home to Malton Farm, the only remaining part of the former village of Malton which was a separate parish to Orwell until the late 18th century.

The oldest surviving houses in the village date from the 16th century. The parish's main commercial activity has always been agriculture, though a coprolite mine opened for a brief period at the end of the 19th century, and a brewery was run.

St Andrew's Church
St Andrew's was founded sometime about 1150 AD, however, little of this early church remains. The tower, which was built in 1250, is decorated with dog-tooth carving and blind arcading; unfortunately the tower has undergone severe wear over its 850 years, so the arcading has disappeared from the north wall, and much of the tower is patched with brick. The simple nave was rebuilt in the early 14th century, whilst the chancel, built by a bequest from the Rector, Richard Anlaby, is overpowering for the size of the nave. The south aisle dates from the 14th century, whilst the north was re-built using brick in 1883. The simple misericords date from the early 15th century. These misericords are all simple V shapes, with a small decoration at the base.

In the 18th century, the original 1610 clock of Trinity College was donated to village. It was installed in the tower, where it still runs.

During the 19th-century restoration a crucifixion sculpture, dating from about 1300, was discovered, this now resides at the east end of the south aisle, and although Mary is missing from it, Christ is shown in his agony on a simple crucifix made from a tree, with St John watching on.

The chancel vault was replaced during the 19th century, and the bosses, showing the arms of several county families, and painted in distemper, were recreated from a manuscript housed at Wimpole Hall.

Village life
The village is often a hub for the smaller villages around, and plays host to events all year round.

There were two pubs listed in the village in 1756, rising to seven by 1882. By 1936 there were still six, but by 1970 only The Chequers remained. It remains the village's only pub.

title: Orwell, Cambridgeshire


text:
Talk:Hendrik Wade Bode

Biography assessment rating comment
The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- Edofedinburgh 02:09, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for the hint. I think I may also need this too. Dr.K. 03:25, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

Seriously though, it's got some helpful points. Thanks. Dr.K. 03:49, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

There is a contradiction in this article: in the caption of the picture it says he was born in Uruguay and that his citizenship was Uruguayan. In the article, it says he was born in Madison, and that he was American. Please correct the one that is not right. [User: Dr.L.R.L.] 04:16, 4 May 2014. 23.16.109.206 (talk) 11:18, 4 May 2014 (UTC)]

 * Archive: Talk:Hendrik Wade Bode/archive1

English pronunciation
Is there really an english pronunciation for his name? I think we just fucked his name up, but that doesn't make it correct. What makes sense to me is that boh-dah is the correct pronunciation, and lots of people mutilate his name - especially over in america. Fresheneesz 07:38, 6 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes there is. His colleagues at Bell Labs used to call him using the English version. He apparently did not object. The english version is also used in North American universities. His family however preferred the dutch version. This information is from the "In memoriam" citation of the IEEE given in the article. It is telling that the author of the "In memoriam" paper mentions that someone must mention the different ways to pronounce the name so that wrong pronunciations such as the one rhyming with the word abode can be avoided. This is why I included it in the article. Dr.K. 00:30, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

What just happened? The most recent edit claims that the correct English pronouciation is "Bode not Bode-dee". Apart from disagreeing with the reference provided, who in their right mind would ever think it was Bode-dee? If no-one objects, I will revert this. Dajp (talk) 09:16, 26 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Right, it's been a week and no-one's objected, so I'm reverting the last change.Dajp (talk) 12:42, 3 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I just saw this vandalism. Thank you for fixing it. Δρ.Κ. λόγοςπράξις 02:47, 18 August 2012 (UTC)

tone
Good content, but way too much of cheerleader tone. Too conversational.
 * Well I guess given enough typewriters and keys to press anything can happen. But surely this ain't a football game. Dr.K. (talk) 07:17, 17 November 2007 (UTC)
 * But seriously, I appreciate your comment about the content. Thanks. As far as the other part, although I disagree I will doublecheck just in case. Dr.K. (talk) 08:13, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 6 external links on Hendrik Wade Bode. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/ms/center/frmdir.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051201042235/http://www.cai.cam.ac.uk/students/study/engineering/engineer03l/cebode.htm to http://www.cai.cam.ac.uk/students/study/engineering/engineer03l/cebode.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060208232216/http://dcoward.best.vwh.net/analog/ to http://dcoward.best.vwh.net/analog/
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20130118060203/http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/ms/center/history.html to http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/ms/center/history.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070929155247/http://www.mathworks.com/products/control/demos.html?file=%2Fproducts%2Fdemos%2Fshipping%2Fcontrol%2Fopampdemo.html to http://www.mathworks.com/products/control/demos.html?file=%2Fproducts%2Fdemos%2Fshipping%2Fcontrol%2Fopampdemo.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101229190027/http://www.ieeecss.org/main/awards/hendrik-w-bode-lecture-prize to http://www.ieeecss.org/main/awards/hendrik-w-bode-lecture-prize
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051201042235/http://www.cai.cam.ac.uk/students/study/engineering/engineer03l/cebode.htm to http://www.cai.cam.ac.uk/students/study/engineering/engineer03l/cebode.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:12, 2 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hendrik Wade Bode


text:
Albert J. Hopkins

Albert Jarvis Hopkins (August 15, 1846 – August 23, 1922) was a Congressman and U.S. Senator from Illinois.

Biography
Hopkins was born near Cortland, Illinois on August 15, 1846. He was admitted to the bar in 1871 and practiced in Aurora.

He married Emma Stolp on September 9, 1873, and they had four children.

He was elected to fill out the congressional term of Reuben Ellwood in 1885 and was re-elected in his own right for eight full terms, serving from 1885 through 1903. In 1903, he successfully ran for the U.S. Senate. His reelection bid in 1908 was unsuccessful and he returned to practice law in Aurora.

He died at his home in Aurora on August 23, 1922.

title: Albert J. Hopkins


text:
Filby Broad

Filby Broad is one of five broads (lakes) in the Trinity Broads in Norfolk, England. It lies within the Broads National Park, adjacent to the village of Filby. The broad has an abundant selection of birds and wildlife.

The lake is connected to Ormesby Broad and Rollesby Broad via a narrow inlet under a road bridge and via the River Bure and the main broads network by a now unnavigable cutting with a lock gate. This cuts the broad off from the main Broadland area and that means there is no water traffic for a majority of the time. As with the other Norfolk broads, Filby is a peat working and is now only about six to eight feet at its deepest. It is approximately half-a-mile long and surrounded on all sides by reed banks and trees, and one end of the Bridges Carrs area of the broad has been given Site of Special Scientific Interest status.

Currently the main use as a body of water is as a reservoir serving the Yarmouth and Broadland areas, owned and operated by the Essex and Suffolk Water Company. There is no public access to the Broad. It has a public boardwalk constructed at the north west side. As a leisure facility the main occupant of the broad is the Norfolk Schools Sailing Association, which has occupied the site since the early 1970s and has built over time a sailing base, slip ways and dinghy park at the north end of the broad. The Association is a voluntary group that provides sailing training to children and adults within the county of Norfolk. This has created a body of water that has a very restricted level of human access leaving it an ideal spot within the broadland area for nesting birds away from the tourist bustle of the main rivers.

title: Filby Broad


text:
Banting Memorial High School

Banting Memorial High School is a public secondary institution serving grades 9–12, located in Alliston, Ontario, Canada. It is part of the Simcoe County District School Board and has a student population of 1530. The principal is Rob Poissant.

The school is named in honour of Sir Frederick Grant Banting, a key member of the Canadian scientific team that discovered how to extract and use insulin for treating diabetes mellitus. Alliston, Ontario, Canada was the home town of Sir Frederick Banting, and is also the foundation of his homestead. Banting Memorial offers attending students programs in Extended French courses and Specialist High Skills Major in Health & Wellness, Horticulture & Landscaping, Agriculture, and Transportation. The school participates in county sporting events under the name of the "Marauders". The school serves students residing in Alliston, Beeton, Tottenham, Hockley Valley and Adjala Township.

As of 2018 the school board has recognized Banting Memorial as a priority school due to aging infrastructure, current recommendations are in place to renovate or rebuild the school building.

Feeder schools

 * Alliston Union PS
 * Adjala Central PS
 * Baxter Central PS
 * Boyne River PS
 * Cookstown Central PS
 * Ernest Cumberland ES
 * Tecumseth Beeton PS
 * Tecumseth South PS
 * Tosorontio Central PS
 * Tottenham PS

Schools with similar names

 * Banting and Best Public School in Toronto, Ontario
 * Frederick Banting Secondary Alternate Program in Ottawa, Ontario
 * Sir Frederick Banting Secondary School in London, Ontario

title: Banting Memorial High School


text:
Deloraine—Glenwood

Deloraine—Glenwood is a former provincial electoral division in Manitoba, Canada.

The constituency was created for the 1949 provincial election, by a merger of the Deloraine and Glenwood constituencies. It was eliminated by redistribution in the 1958 election.

title: Deloraine—Glenwood


text:
Category:Japanese international schools

Japanese schools outside of Japan mainly for the native speakers of Japanese or the children of Japanese descent.

There are two types of day schools: nihonjin gakkō (Japanese overseas schools operated by local Japanese associations) and Shiritsu zaigai kyōiku shisetsu (Japanese overseas schools operated by a Japan-based private school association). Hoshū jugyō kō are weekend/supplementary schools.

Put articles about schools of international origin located in Japan in "Category:International schools in Japan".

title: Category:Japanese international schools


text:
Tim Christensen

Tim Christensen (born 2 July 1974) is a Danish singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He is known as the singer, guitarist and songwriter of the Danish alternative rock band Dizzy Mizz Lizzy (1988–1998, 2010, 2014–current) and as a solo artist. Since 2014, he has primarily focused on Dizzy Mizz Lizzy.

Christensen's solo career spans four studio albums, two EPs, and two live DVDs. It is characterized as rock music with pop and folk influences. His biggest musical influences include The Beatles, Led Zeppelin, Nick Drake, Neil Young, Paul McCartney, The Zombies, Cheap Trick, XTC, Crowded House, Jellyfish and Elliott Smith.

Early years (1974–1982)
Christensen was born in Copenhagen, and became fond of his father's LP records of The Beatles as a small child. He was six years old when John Lennon was murdered, and many documentaries and performances of The Beatles appeared on television. Christensen was impressed by how The Beatles played, which inspired him to start playing on his father's acoustic guitar. He received his first guitar from a distant uncle.

Christensen's parents were divorced, and his half-sister lived up in North Denmark. His family wasn't very wealthy, but when he was eight years old, his father received a one-time sum of money and gave Christensen two choices: either to build a pool in the back yard or to go on vacation to Lennon's hometown of Liverpool and to the legendary Abbey Road Studios in London. Christensen chose the latter, and recalls that this was the only time his family went on a vacation. At that age he also played in a children's rock band that performed at schools and he started writing his own songs.

Playing the guitar felt natural to Christensen, and he did not feel like taking lessons and having to practice "stupid children's songs". However, at the recreation center in Espergærde he met Bent, a musician who practiced there and became a sort of mentor to Christensen. He arranged that Christensen was allowed to play in the basement of the recreation center and start the children's rock band Crep, which he formed with some friends in 1982. They released a three-track recording in 1985 called En aften i fredagscafeen (An evening at Friday Café) and recorded a 4-song demo. Crep disbanded when Christensen's family moved from the village of Espergærde to the Valby district of Copenhagen in 1988. He received his first Fender Stratocaster as a gift.

Dizzy Mizz Lizzy (1988–1998)
Dizzy Mizz Lizzy was founded in 1988 by Christensen, his classmate Martin Nielsen, whom he had become friends with on the first day of school, and drummer Søren Friis, who was recommended to them by a friend. Nielsen took on the bass guitar because Christensen already played electric guitar. Critics would explain: "From the outset it was clear that Tim Christensen was the group's undisputed center, but the band benefited significantly from the collective dynamics." They initially played glam rock but were inspired by Nirvana's music to switch to power rock. They were signed with EMI-Medley after winning Denmark's largest rock talent contest, DM i Rock, in 1993. Their eponymous debut album, released in 1994, has sold over 250,000 copies in Denmark and 100,000 copies in Japan. The band toured through Denmark, Europe and Japan. They recorded the album Rotator at the Abbey Road Studios and released it in 1996, selling 100,000 copies in Denmark and Japan, followed by another extensive tour.

The band decided to take a year off in 1997, during which time Christensen performed in a television show with B.B. King, and helped with the start-up of Swan Lee, the band of his then-girlfriend Pernille Rosendahl. Rosendahl was a major support for him when recording Dizzy Mizz Lizzy's second album Rotator in London as the other band members did not share Christensen's enthusiasm, nor could they appreciate the unique symbolism recording in these legendary studios as much as Christensen. This meant Christensen had no one to share his palette of emotions with, causing him to turn to Rosendahl in and out of the studio. This further added to the crisis and caused Christensen to become increasingly estranged from the band. Nielsen and Friis even went as far as labeling the couple as "John and Yoko", referring to the supposed detrimental influence of Yoko Ono on John Lennon that contributed to the break-up of the Beatles. Christensen and Rosendahl had formed the band Swan Lee in 1996 with guitarist Jonas Struck and drummer Emil Jorgensen, and entered the Tomorrow Never Dies soundtrack contest by writing a song of the same name. The contest was won by Sheryl Crow. It was around that time Christensen first bought and experimented with a Mellotron, which would continue to feature on many of his songs. Christensen also produced Rosendahl's 1997 demo Dream Away, and wrote arrangements for and played several instruments on some of Swan Lee's earlier songs. When Christensen met with his bandmates from Dizzy Mizz Lizzy on 10 March 1998 at the Rosenborg Castle Gardens, they decided to split up because they were fatigued. Because Christensen was "bitten by a mad Mellotron" and was involved with several music projects, critics speculated he would come up with something before too long.

Secrets on Parade (1998–2003)
Due to the break-up of Dizzy Mizz Lizzy, Christensen became even more introverted, while his girlfriend could not handle him being in a crisis. Christensen considers the time after his break-up with the band and then Rosendahl to be the deepest low point in his career, which also inevitably led him to step out of Swan Lee in 1999. He had not seen all this coming, as he was living in a dream: "We believed that we were still down to earth, but that was very unrealistic. Only afterwards did we learn we were skating around on a silver platter. Since day one, we had solely tasted success, and it is very unhealthy for such a young band to have so much going for them from the start." Nevertheless, he was deeply grateful about the way his career had evolved, but describes it as "a typical example of how you don't know what you've got till it's gone." Christensen became involved in various projects. He was a stand-in guitarist for the Danish Led Zeppelin cover band Led Zeppelin Jam and co-wrote the Inside the Whale 1998 hit "Hvor Er Tiden Der Ta'r Os" ("Where Is The Time That Takes Us"). This was the start of the ongoing collaboration of Christensen with Inside the Whale singer and guitarist Marcus Winther-John, who contribute to each other's music to date. Christensen furthermore played Mellotron and Wurlitzer electric piano on Kashmir's 1999 album The Good Life, and Mellotron on Mew's 2000 album Half the World Is Watching Me. He performed three songs on Mellotron with Kashmir at the 1998 Roskilde Festival, and would continue to perform there as a solo act in 1999, 2001, 2004 (on his 30th birthday), 2009, and 2016 (on his 42nd birthday). In 2010, he played there again with Dizzy Mizz Lizzy (on his 36th birthday), as he previously had done from 1993 through to 1996. The 1994 performance at Roskilde, which was held shortly after their big breakthrough and on his 20th birthday, is named by Christensen as a special highlight in his career.

Christensen used songwriting as a form of therapy to overcome his break-ups with both Dizzy Mizz Lizzy and Pernille Rosendahl, with whom he was involved for five years. Although he had originally been writing these songs for a possible new band, he ended up starting a solo career, which gave Christensen the added benefit of being fully in control. By this time, Christensen had attained a new outlook on his future. The money he earned with living his boyhood dream was largely spent, causing him to shift his ambitions to starting a stable and ongoing career to earn his living, while being able to develop himself both personally and musically. The circumstances had also changed his approach to songwriting. In 1994 he considered music as having first priority and words coming in second, as he is a composer and not an author or a poet, but by 2003 he put equal emphasis on lyrics and music, where his songwriting borrows from his own experiences, thoughts and feelings, making the lyrics more direct. With his approach being comparable to writing a diary, the title of his first solo album Secrets on Parade was explained by a reviewer as: "instead of lying hidden in a drawer somewhere, his secrets are literally on display."

He gathered musicians to record the album with. Before entering the studio in December for four months, they performed six shows, the first being held on 28 June 1999. The public had to get used to the idea of Christensen no longer heading a power trio combined with him choosing a wider musical horizon. At that time, Christensen described the audience's response as follows: "Many run away screaming when they hear that there are two guitarists in the band. But performing live, we have seen that people really like to hear rock music." He had to challenge the expectations of people that were based on his reputation as the driving force of a successful power rock band, and he had to refuse to let that control him and trust his own gut feeling on what he was doing. Although the majority of the material on the album has been written after Dizzy Mizz Lizzy disbanded, the title track "Secrets on Parade", along with "Prime Time" and "Caterpillar", were originally intended for a third Dizzy Mizz Lizzy album that was never made. The album was launched in the autumn of 2000 and the single "Love is a Matter of...." became a hit single. The song "21st Century High" appeared on the soundtrack of the Danish movie Flickering Lights (2000).

Honeyburst and Abbey Road (2003–2008)
By the time Secrets on Parade was released, some songs were seven years old, and Christensen was eager to move on from this transition album. A year ahead of the release of his second studio album, in 2002, the song "Right Next to the Right One" became a national hit when it was used as the theme song for the Emmy Award winning DR1 drama series Nikolaj og Julie. Christensen picked this song from the demos he had ready when the producer told him what the series were about. It is a quiet ballad; one Christensen considers a masterpiece of his own, but it far removed from the sound of Dizzy Mizz Lizzy. In 2007, this song was covered by Celine Dion, for which Christensen provided the instrumental tracks.

After his successes with two ballads, the general audience for a time got a rather awkward impression of the music he was making: "I sense that the entire general population knows about Dizzy Mizz Lizzy and about Nikolaj og Julie, but nothing of what's in between. That feels very strange because Secrets on Parade after all did sell nearly 60,000 copies and I even scored several hits." It did help him attract a far wider audience than he had before: "I get stopped on the streets by everything from five-year-old children to 60-year-old ladies." He got another wake-up call when over 60.000 people attended his concert at Tivoli Gardens on 30 May 2003; the only time a greater number of visitors attended one of the amusement park's live shows was when Sting performed there. Christensen also discovered his fame as a solo artist was different from the time he headed Dizzy Mizz Lizzy: "There is obviously much more attention being directed towards me than before. It is not something I have worked towards. I had not experienced it before, not even with Dizzy Mizz Lizzy; we were just a band — we were three long-haired guys who looked like all the others, and it was actually pretty anonymous. Now, 10 years later, there is a face to me, while I am also the face that people associate with the band that was big once, and no longer exists." A downside to his public image was that he received more direct criticism: "Most people that come over say sweet things, and then there is someone who just can't keep his mischief to himself. (...) Annoyingly, after a while it is the negative things that hit the hardest. I don't get why I didn't just push that aside and think of the good, but that one negative thing tends to overshadow everything else." Especially some fans of Dizzy Mizz Lizzy could not appreciate the change in musical style: "[they] do not understand that I sit down with an acoustic guitar and a hat on, and sing love songs; then I am suddenly a faggot and so on." Christensen thinks this can be explained to some extent: "Now that I sing more ballads, more girls are starting to like it, so the boys get extremely envious. Now I'm gay rock or whatever."

The second single, "Whispering At the Top of My Lungs", received heavy airplay on DR P3 in the summer of 2003. Honeyburst was released on 1 September 2003 and sold over 130,000 copies. It was described as being quieter and more mature, sometimes offering an explosion of rock, more folkish and with a little twinge of country. It contains more ballads, because Christensen considers these more timeless. He recorded almost every instrument himself; only several songs feature Nicolai Munch-Hansen on bass, and Olaf Olsen or Laust Sonne on drums. The Honeyburst tour went through Denmark and the Netherlands, with a finale on 3 September 2004 at the famous Abbey Road Studios in London. The concert was released on DVD/2CD and 2LP under the name Live at Abbey Road Studios 2004, and includes the documentary "Tim Christensen: From Roskilde to Abbey Road".

In 2003, several key figures at EMI-Medley departed from the label and started Copenhagen Records to give artists more artistic freedom. Christensen had been signed with this label since the start from his career, but the people he used to work closely with at EMI had been replaced by new people he did not know, so he joined them in 2005 after his contract with EMI expired. When his long-time friend and producer Nick Foss started Mermaid Records together with former EMI-colleague Mik Christensen, he switched to their label prior to the release of his next album, Superior. Sony Music Denmark later bought a part of Mermaid Records.

An unreleased song by Christensen called "Maybe Not Anyhow" has been covered in several versions, all crediting Christensen using the pseudonym Charlie Dinsdale. Danish musician Gunnar Mikkelsen rewrote the lyrics for his 2004 song "Haunted Honeymoon", which Dutch rock band Di-rect later covered as "I Forget Your Name" on their live-cd Live & Acoustic (2008), of which the single release failed to catch on. In 2006, Danish boy band Unite covered the song with even different lyrics under the title "Need to Know". Christensen revealed the original lyrics in 2013, and occasionally plays "Maybe Not Anyhow" in acoustic settings. Charlie Dinsdale is also credited as co-writer on "Lille Søster" (2000) by Søs Fenger. Under the pseudonym C.S. Son, Christensen also co-wrote "Find Her" (1997) by YouKnowWho.

Christensen was officially asked to write the people's gift to the wedding of Crown Prince Frederik and Mary Elizabeth Donaldson on 14 May 2004, but he turned it down: "It was flattering, but I thought it sounded a little too corny. The task was much better placed in the hands of Erann DD." Crown Prince Frederik has attended many shows by Dizzy Mizz Lizzy, and Crown Princess Mary is known to love Christensen's solo work.

On 16 August 2006, Christensen briefly reunited with his Dizzy Mizz Lizzy bandmates for a 5-song performance at the charity event Brandalarm (Fire Alarm).

Distributed activities (2008–2014)
After Christensen noticed that the cycle of releasing records and going on tours became repetitive, he started diversifying his work. He split his solo career into full-band and acoustic settings, played with the reunited Dizzy Mizz Lizzy, started collaborating with other artists such as Mads Langer, the DR UnderholdningsOrkestret, Gemma Hayes, Mike Viola and Tracy Bonham, and presented a radio show on DR P6 Beat.

Solo work
During work on his third solo album, entitled Superior, the success of its predecessor Honeyburst and the expectations that followed, laid a burden on his shoulders. It was released on 24 November 2008. He again played almost all instruments himself and experimented with several uncommon instruments such as a baritone guitar and a dulcimer. Olaf Olsen and Laust Sonne played drums on selected songs. Besides touring through Denmark and the Netherlands, he also recorded a show for Rockpalast on 25 March 2009.

On 10 October 2010, Christensen was the closing act at the annual Ken Gudman Prisen award ceremony, where his guitarist Lars Skjærbæk received that year's award. He played the songs "Surfing the Surface", "Tell Me What You Really Want", "Jump The Gun", "Isolation Here I Come", "Superior", and "Whispering at the Top of My Lungs. The only solo performances with a full set Christensen played in 2010 were held in the Netherlands on 4–7 November, for which he received the Inner Ear Media Award for Best Live Show 2010.

On 12 November 2010, EMI released the compilation albums Big-5: Tim Christensen and Big-5: Dizzy Mizz Lizzy as part of their Big-5 series, containing their artists' five best tracks.

Christensen's fourth studio album was released on 25 November 2011. It bears the title Tim Christensen and The Damn Crystals, giving credit to his solo band. The album is a collaborative effort between Christensen and his backing band The Damn Crystals. About the relation of this album to the 2010 reunion and tour of Dizzy Mizz Lizzy, Christensen said: "I have not tried to suck juice from the Dizzy-reunion and use it on my next solo project. To me, Dizzy has been extremely separated from my ongoing development as an artist, musician, or whatever you call it. The reunion was a pit stop to celebrate music. But already one week after the last concert – and I am not lying here – Dizzy was already completely out of my system again. Weird huh?"

The album's first single "Surprise Me" was previewed to the fans for 48 hours on 21 October 2011 and officially released on 24 October 2011. During its first week, DR P3 chose it as "Single of the Week". According to Christensen, "the single might be the most classic rock-track of the bunch." On 14–24 July 2011, they were in the line-up of the Grøn Koncert tour, as in 2002, 2005 and 2009. At the 2011 Danish Music Awards, they performed "Surprise Me" and "Get the Fuck out of My Mind". From 26 January through to 7 April 2012, they held 27 performances throughout Denmark, and performed many more dates on international legs of the tour, including Japan.

In the fall of 2011, In October 2011, Christensen participated as a mentor in the DR project Dr.dk/Sangskriver, which aims to get children and teenagers to sing more. Each week, he would provide feedback to three of the songs that were uploaded to the project's website.

On 17 December 2012, Christensen released The EP Series, Volume 1: Acoustic Covers, a 6-track album with only Christensen singing and playing acoustic guitar, and one duet with Gemma Hayes. Christensen's first two solo albums, Secrets on Parade and Honeyburst, were re-released on vinyl on 19 April 2014 through Parlophone.

From 21 October 2014 onwards, parts of the song "If You Wanna Talk" were revealed as part of the "Knæk Cancer" (Break Cancer) campaign. A short documentary with interviews was released on 27 October via YouTube.

Christensen performed in the tribute concert for the DR UnderholdningsOrkestret (DR Chamber Orchestra) on 26 October 2014. He had played with the orchestra on several occasions and was set to play with them again in 2015 before the announcement of the orchestra's disbanding was made.

On 7 October 2018, Christensen performed the song "Som et strejf af en dråbe" at the memorial concert held for Gasolin' frontman Kim Larsen, who had died of prostate cancer on 30 September 2018. It was attended by around 35,000 people and included performances of several major Danish musicians and groups covering songs of Gasolin' and Larsen.

Dizzy Mizz Lizzy reunion
Between 18 March and 29 September 2010, Christensen went on a reunion tour through Denmark and Japan with Dizzy Mizz Lizzy, playing almost 50 concerts. During the final two concerts in Japan on 28–29 September, Christensen played the solo songs "Love is a Matter Of..." and "Surfing the Surface" acoustically as a precursor to a select few solo shows in Japan later that year. After this, they disbanded amically, though they appeared one more time in public at the film festival CPH:DOX, where a documentary about the band entitled Lost Inside a Dream premiered. Here it received the Politiken Publikumspris (people's choice award).

Collaborations with other artists
Around the time Christensen worked on the album Superior, he co-wrote the song "Say No More" with Mads Langer, and on 28 February 2009, he performed with Danish indie rock band Figurines on the TV show DR2 Backstage.

Christensen played guitars for Heidi Svelmøe Herløw's second album Talisman (2011, Playground Music), among others on the single "Angerholic" which was released on 29 November 2010, and the song "Shame on Us" on which Christensen features with vocals and guitars. As a contestant for X Factor in 2008, she sang Christensen's song "Whispering at the Top of My Lungs" in the first live show.

Christensen performed a show with Gemma Hayes on 25 August 2011. A year later, she also sang a duet with Christensen on the song "A Way to Say Goodbye", released on The EP Series, Volume 1: Acoustic Covers. On 18 June 2012, Christensen, Mike Viola (with whom Christensen previously co-wrote the songs "One of these Days" and "Superior"), Tracy Bonham, and The Damn Crystals, played a Paul McCartney tribute concert at Vega in Copenhagen, in celebration of McCartney's 70th birthday that same day. The show included the entire album Ram, as well as several post-Beatles songs. The show was recorded and released on 12 February 2013 as Pure McCartney.

On 19 July 2014, the EP Side Effects by Mads Langer and Tim Christensen was released. The first single off the EP, "Bringing Back Tomorrow", was released in June. The duo performed the songs during the 2014 Grøn Koncert tour together with bassist Søren Balsner of Carpark North and drummer Birk Nevel. The collaboration garnered them a GAFFA Award for "Danish rock band of the year", while Side Effects was awarded the "Danish rock album of the year".

Dizzy Mizz Lizzy's second era (2014–current)
After a four-year hiatus, Christensen wrote the abbreviation "DML2015" on his Facebook wall on 20 October 2014, suggesting another Dizzy Mizz Lizzy reunion. Shortly thereafter, they resumed touring as a band, and revealed new material. At the time, Christensen did not exclude continuing to record and release a new solo album while also fronting Dizzy Mizz Lizzy, because for example his heavy guitar riffs do not fit in his solo work, while Crowded House covers do not fit in with Dizzy Mizz Lizzy. However, except for occasional (acoustic) solo tours, his solo career and his work with The Damn Crystals seems to effectively be put on hold, as he has fully dedicated himself to Dizzy Mizz Lizzy.

On 7 November 2015, the band performed at the Danish Grammy ceremony, where Christensen received the IFPI's Ærespris (Honorary Award), which is considered the most prestigious prize a Danish musician can be awarded.

Dizzy Mizz Lizzy released their third studio album Forward in Reverse on 29 April 2016 to critical acclaim, receiving 2016 GAFFA Awards for both "Danish album of the year" and "Danish rock album of the year". According to critics, it helped the band regain their position as Denmark's most popular rock band. The band's fourth studio album Alter Echo, released on 20 March 2020, was lauded with the GAFFA Award for "Danish rock album of the year", while Christensen received the award for "Songwriter of the year" for the first time in his career. Fans appear to have embraced the new songs as much as the classics.

Equipment
Christensen uses two Vox AC30 amplifiers from the 1960s on top of Marshall 4x12 G1275 cabinets which he got from his parents for his 18th birthday, and plays among others on a 1974 Gibson Hummingbird, an old sunburst Fender Telecaster, a white Fender Stratocaster, a red Gibson ES-330, a deep red Gibson ES-125, and three Rickenbacker 480 guitars from 1973 and 1974 in white or black. He also uses Henning Hansen guitars, and had a worn red Fender Telecaster body revised by them in 2008. In his living room, he keeps a Höfner bass guitar.

The Damn Crystals
The Damn Crystals are Christensen's backing band, both in the studio and on tour. The opening track of the album Tim Christensen and The Damn Crystals is named after them.

History
Christensen had put together a band to record his first solo album, Secrets on Parade. This was "decidedly a solo album" but the band would support Christensen during nearly every live performance. This is why around this time, Christensen did consider resuming in a band formation like with Dizzy Mizz Lizzy: "We actually spent a lot of time finding a band name, for a band that in reality does not even exist!" It is likely that Secrets on Parade established the name Tim Christensen sufficiently so that there was no longer a need for naming the band. As a result, the band remained nameless until 2011, although fans and Christensen would sometimes refer to it as TeamC as a near-homophone of TimC. The subsequent studio albums Honeyburst and Superior were not recorded in formation, although current and former band members would contribute on select songs. Because the recording sessions for the fourth solo album were done in a band setting and the band members contributed importantly to the album, the band received an official name: The Damn Crystals. This name was introduced on 21 October 2011 with the preview release of the single "Surprise Me".

Members
The band with whom Christensen recorded Secrets on Parade consisted of Lars Skjærbæk from Inside the Whale on guitar, keyboard and Mellotron, Fredrik Damsgård on bass and Laust Sonne on drums. After the completion of the album, Sonne was offered a position as drummer in the hard rock band D-A-D, after which Christensen thought it impossible to find a proper replacement, nor could he find one right away. As a result, his record company EMI-Medley placed an ad in the June issue of GAFFA requesting applications for "a drummer for an established Danish rock artist." Since the album had already been recorded, it asked for an experienced, energetic and technically good drummer between 20 and 30 years old that enjoys both hard and melancholic rock, and is available for a year ahead starting July 2000 for a domestic and international tour and related promotional activities. This call did not remain unanswered, as Christensen explains: "I spent endless difficult nights listening through the applications, but before I had to decide, one of my friends told me about a drummer who had just left his Norwegian band BigBang, which seemed a fantastic opportunity to me. And it went well during a tryout, so we went with him." This was Olaf Olsen, who subsequently moved to Copenhagen for Christensen's cause and Christensen would later admit that "[Olsen] has saved the band" Nicolai Munch-Hansen replaced Damsgård on bass and Skjærbæk stayed. In this setting, the band contributed to Honeyburst, played in the ensuing tour, of which one performance was recorded as Live at Abbey Road Studios 2004. Johan Lei Gellet has stood in for Olsen during the summer of 2002.

Olsen left the band in 2005 to focus on BigBang, to which he had returned in 2001. He was replaced by Jesper Lind, who first performed with the band during the July 2005 Grøn Koncert series. At the time, Lind played on drums in the band Kira and the Kindred Spirits, led by singer Kira Skov who is married to bassist Munch-Hansen. Later in 2005, Munch-Hansen left the band so he and Skov could start a new band, named Kira and the Ghost Riders. He was replaced by Søren Koch, who was a bandmate of Skjærbæk in the band Boat Man Love. Christoffer Møller joined the band on keys, allowing Skjærbæk to focus entirely on playing guitar. This formation has contributed to Superior and its tour, and went into the studio in early 2011 to work with Christensen on his next album. They took on the name The Damn Crystals prior to the release of Tim Christensen and The Damn Crystals.

Studio albums

 * Tim Christensen solo

 * Tim Christensen and The Damn Crystals

Live albums, EPs and compilations

 * Tim Christensen solo

 * Tim Christensen, Mike Viola, Tracy Bonham, with The Damn Crystals

 * Tim Christensen and Mads Langer

Singles

 * Tim Christensen solo

 * 2000: "Get the Fuck Out of My Mind" (promo), EMI
 * 2000: "21st Century High" (radio version) / "21st Century High" (album version), EMI
 * 2001: "Love Is a Matter of..." (promo), EMI
 * 2001: "Love Is a Matter of..." / "Misty Mono" / "Get the Fuck Out of My Mind" (live), EMI
 * 2001: "Watery Eyes" (promo), EMI
 * 2001: "King's Garden" / "Prime Time", EMI
 * 2002: "Right Next To the Right One" (promo), EMI
 * 2003: "Whispering at the Top of My Lungs" (promo), EMI
 * 2004: "How Far You Go" (promo), EMI
 * 2004: "Jump the Gun" (promo), EMI
 * 2004: "Surfing the Surface" (promo), EMI
 * 2008: "Superior", Mermaid
 * 2009: "Hard to Make You Mine", Mermaid
 * 2009: "India", Mermaid
 * 2009: "Tell Me What You Really Want", Mermaid
 * Tim Christensen and The Damn Crystals
 * 2011: "Surprise Me", Mermaid / Sony Music
 * 2012: "Happy Ever After", Mermaid / Sony Music
 * 2012: "Far Beyond Driven", Mermaid / Sony Music
 * Tim Christensen and Mads Langer

Cover versions by other artists

 * "Love is a Matter of..." from Secrets on Parade was covered by Will Young on his December 2003 album Friday's Child as "Love is a Matter of Distance".
 * Maggie Chiang recorded "Right Next to The Right One" from Honeyburst in Chinese for her 2004 album Beautiful But Lonely. It is titled "Ni Bu Gong Ping" ("Unfair to You").
 * Eason Chan had performed the song How far you go and changed it into Chinese version. In that version, the name is adapted as "sonata loneliness" (寂寞奏鳴曲),which was inside one of his albums,Black,white,grey, released in 2003.
 * An Italian version of "Right Next to The Right One" titled "Giorni d'estate" ("Summer days") was recorded for Dolcenera's fourth album, Dolcenera nel paese delle meraviglie ("Dolcenera in Wonderland").
 * Celine Dion covers "Right Next to The Right One" on her album Taking Chances (2007). Producer Christopher Neil requested the song to be played by Christensen to retain the original feel of the song, and Celine laid down the vocal track later on. Although not released as a single, it entered the Danish Singles Chart on 23 November 2007 at number 13, due to strong digital downloads.
 * As a contestant to the first season of X Factor in 2008, Heidi Svelmøe Herløw sang "Whispering at the Top of My Lungs" in the first live show. She would reach third place.
 * Auditioning for Voice: Danmarks største stemme on 2 December 2011, Noa Sophie sang "How Far You Go", and was accepted by three jury members.

Awards

 * Dizzy Mizz Lizzy
 * 1994 Danish group of the year (GAFFA Award)
 * 1995 Danish group of the year (Danish Grammy)
 * 1995 Danish newcomer of the year (Danish Grammy)
 * 1995 Danish rock album of the year (Danish Grammy for Dizzy Mizz Lizzy)
 * 1995 People's choice award (Danish Grammy)
 * 1996 Danish live group of the year (GAFFA Award)
 * 1997 Danish live group of the year (GAFFA Award)
 * 1997 Danish rock album of the year (Danish Grammy for Rotator)
 * 1997 Danish producer of the year (Danish Grammy for Nick Foss for Rotator)
 * 2016 Danish album of the year (GAFFA Award for Forward in Reverse)
 * 2016 Danish rock album of the year (GAFFA Award for Forward in Reverse)
 * 2021 Danish rock album of the year (GAFFA Award for Alter Echo)
 * 2021 Songwriter of the year (GAFFA Award)

 * Tim Christensen solo
 * 2000 Singer of the year (GAFFA Award)
 * 2000 Newcomer of the year (GAFFA Award)
 * 2003 Singer of the year (GAFFA Award)
 * 2004 Danish DVD of the year (GAFFA Award for Live at Abbey Road Studios 2004)
 * 2004 Danish album of the year (Danish Grammy for Honeyburst)
 * 2004 Danish singer of the year (Danish Grammy)
 * 2004 Danish producer of the year (Danish Grammy for Honeyburst, shared with Rune Nissen-Petersen)
 * 2015 IFPI's Ærespris (Danish Grammy, Honorary Award)

 * Tim Christensen and Mads Langer
 * 2014 Danish band of the year (GAFFA Award)
 * 2014 Danish rock album of the year (GAFFA Award for Side Effects)

title: Tim Christensen


text: User talk:69.210.246.16

title: User talk:69.210.246.16