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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ghenna Creole

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. -Doc (?) 17:17, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Ghenna Creole
The only verification for the existence of this language I can find is the pdf document from www.linguasphere.org linked to from this page. It's not in Ethnologue, nor can I find it on Google apart from Wikipedia mirrors and linguasphere. Also, I took a class at the University of Texas from Ian Hancock, a prominent creole specialist, who taught us all about Gullah and Afro-Seminole Creole but never mentioned "Ghenna", which strikes me as suspicious. Therefore, delete as unverifiable. Angr/undefined 08:40, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'd easily switch to keep if I found any evidence of a place or ethnic name "Ghenna."  "Ghenna" is apparently a name used by Ethiopian Christians for Christmas.  It also appears as a frequent misspelling of Gehenna.  Neither seems helpful in context.  Smerdis of Tlön 17:03, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Justin Bacon 01:21, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Puffin Island (County Kerry)

Puffin Island (Oileán na gCánóg), historically called Inishfearglin, is an uninhabited steep rocky island lying off the coast of the Iveragh Peninsula, County Kerry, Ireland.

Geography
The island is about 1.5 km long and 0.7 km wide, and rises to 213 metres. It is separated from the mainland by Puffin Sound, which is only about 250 metres across. Day visits to the island from Valentia can be arranged. It lies off the northern headland of St. Finian's Bay.

Nature conservation
Puffin Island holds important populations of several seabird species, including Atlantic puffins, Manx shearwaters and European storm-petrels, and was acquired as a nature reserve by the Irish Wildbird Conservancy (now BirdWatch Ireland) in the early 1980s.

History
The island also has some signs of ancient human habitation, and it has attracted the interest of archaeologists.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Puffin Island (County Kerry)


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File:Alexandria of Sofia Codex.jpg

/http://www.kb.nl/gabriel/treasures/country/Bulgaria/bg05.html

title: File:Alexandria of Sofia Codex.jpg


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Talk:Ureter

Muscles of the ureter
this article needs to go into far deeper detail about the muscles of the ureters. let's start wth what muscles are in the ureter

Gringo300 08:42, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, the article does describe the two helically arranged muscle layers. They are unnamed, being just the ureteric smooth muscle. They are not very remarkable either, except to those with a specialised interest (like me - they were the subject of my doctorate thesis!) and some urologists interested in the medical management of ureteric colic. Jfbcubed 22:30, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Why has someone posted a picture of a kidney on the ureter page? There used to be a anatomic drawing (?from Gray's) of a ureter in cross-section - that made more sense. This picture is like showing a map of Europe to illustrate Gibraltar. It's there, sure, but only in the corner and the only use of the picture is to show what it's connected to. Jfbcubed 19:51, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

Urerter
I have a daughter who is in her fourth month of pregnancy and the the procedure has caused even greater pain... my question is will she continue to hurt as great throughout the rest of the pregnancy and what are risk they may apply further into time? Thanks

Proposed merge with Ureteropelvic junction
Ureter Tom (LT) (talk) 06:32, 11 June 2015 (UTC) ✅

Proposed merge with Orifice of ureter
Needlessly fragmented to have these two tiny articles on the beginning and end of the ureter separated. Tom (LT) (talk) 06:37, 11 June 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ureter


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Sandown Bay

Sandown Bay is a broad open bay which stretches for much of the length of the Isle of Wight's southeastern coast. It extends 8 + 1/2 mi from Culver Down, near Yaverland in the northeast of the Island, to just south of Shanklin, near the village of Luccombe in the southwest. At Luccombe, the bay is separated from The Undercliff by a large headland from which Upper Ventnor sits atop. The towns of Shanklin, Lake and Sandown are on the bay's coast, while Luccombe and Upper Ventnor feature panoramic views across both Sandown Bay to the East and the Undercliff to the southwest. Due to the bay being relatively sheltered from offshore winds it is often used as temporary anchorage point for boats, including large cargo ships, before continuing east towards Continental Europe, or north towards The Solent.

History
In the past, the bay had significant military importance as the wide beach offered a good landing-point for an armed invasion of the Island. To protect against a French or Spanish invasion, Henry VIII built Sandown Castle in the centre of the bay as part of his chain of coastal defences to protect the South-Coast of England. However, the castle was still under construction during the French invasion of the Isle of Wight of 1545 when it was overwhelmed. This castle fell into disrepair due to coastal erosion and was demolished in 1631, though the remains of the foundations of the castle are still visible along the shore at low tide. Sandown Fort, also known as the Diamond Fort after its arrow-headed bastions, this was built using the remains of the old castle further up the coast.

As a result of its sandy beach and good weather, Sandown and Shanklin grew rapidly in the Victorian era as tourists from across both the Island and the country came to enjoy the seaside thanks to new the transportation connections of the railway and paddle steamers. This transformed a relatively sparsely populated area into a series of bustling seaside resorts. New developments included a long promenade, many large seafront hotels and the 875 foot Sandown Pier (originally 360 ft when opened in 1879). A lot of Victorian-influenced architecture can still be seen throughout the bay.

Geography
Sandown Bay is an excellent example of a concordant coastline and has well-developed sandy beaches stretching all the way from Shanklin to Culver Down due to Longshore drift. The bay has over 5 miles of unbroken sandy beach, making it one of the longest beaches in the British Isles. The area has weak sandstone cliffs which vary from 30 to 130 ft, these have suffered from erosion and instability in the past. The risk of cliff-failures affecting populated tourist areas led the Isle of Wight Council to commission a report and an extensive structural stabilisation programme in 1988.

The bay is best viewed from Culver Down to the north. The Isle of Wight Coastal Path follows the whole bay-line either along the cliff top to the south of Sandown or the concrete seawall north of Sandown.

The bay itself has a seabed consisting of a mixture of sand, shells and gravel with shallow waters out till about 1/4 nmi. The total area of the bay is 5 sqmi.

Economy and tourism
The economy of the bay is dominated by retail and hospitality sectors due to a large amount of tourism it receives, an estimate of 500,000 visitors annually. However, the average earnings of people living around the bay are approximately 10% below the national average. A local action-plan, the Bay Area Action Plan, has been set up in 2016 for the development of the bay for the next 15 years. It plans to get local and national funding with the aim to improve public spaces and increase the level of tourism. The bay has a combined total of 21,374 inhabitants.

Maritime incidents
The outer bay is used as a sheltered anchorage. Ships requiring salvage have sometimes been towed there, such as the tanker Tarpenbeck in 1979. The wreck of a salvage tug (the Harry Sharman) which assisted the stricken tanker Pacific Glory in 1970, was visible for some decades at low tide below Culver Cliffs.

title: Sandown Bay


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Agni Natchathiram

Agni Natchathiram is a 1988 Indian Tamil-language masala film that was written and directed by Mani Ratnam. The film stars Prabhu, Karthik, Amala and newcomer Nirosha, with Vijayakumar, Jayachitra, Sumithra, Tara, S. N. Lakshmi and G. Umapathy in supporting roles. Its story revolves around two half-brothers who come into conflict with each other due to their claims for legitimacy as sons of a common father.

Ratnam intended Agni Natchathiram to follow Mouna Ragam (1986); he completed the script but chose to prioritise Nayakan. Although some scenes were filmed during a break from Nayakan, production on Agni Natchathiram stalled for nearly a year and resumed in late 1987 after Nayakan's release. Agni Natchathiram was produced by Ratnam's brother G. Venkateswaran; it was filmed by P. C. Sreeram, and edited by B. Lenin and V. T. Vijayan.

Agni Natchathiram was released on 15 April 1988, the week of the Tamil New Year festival Puthandu, and became a box-office success, running in theatres for over 200 days. The film won two Filmfare Awards South, three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, and five Cinema Express Awards. It became a trendsetter in Tamil cinema, set a new standard in the use of lighting, and was remade in Hindi as Vansh (1992).

Plot
In Madras, half-brothers Gautham and Ashok are the sons of senior government Indian Administrative Service (IAS) official Vishwanath. Gautham's mother is Vishwanath's first wife Susheela, and Ashok's mother is Vishwanath's second wife Kamala. Both Gautham and Ashok inappropriately express their anger towards their father to others, and display open antipathy towards each other.

Gautham, a trainee Indian Police Service (IPS) officer, meets the Commissioner's daughter Anjali and they slowly become lovers. After graduating from the police academy, Gautham is appointed Assistant Commissioner in Madras. Around the same time, Ashok meets a mysterious girl and they also form a romantic relationship. Meanwhile, Vishwanath is appointed head of an inquiry commission to investigate a nefarious factory owner called Chidambaram.

One night, Ashok and his friends run into Gautham and Anjali; one of Ashok's friends teases Gautham, who arrests Ashok's friend on an invented charge. Enraged, Ashok and his gang throw stones at Gautham's house, accidentally injuring Susheela. The next day, Gautham arrests Ashok after provoking him into attacking him. Because Vishwanath is out of town, Susheela helps Kamala bail Ashok and offers snide, unsolicited advice about raising her children to be law-abiding. Meanwhile, Chidambaram repeatedly tries to bribe Vishwanath but is rebuffed and orders an assault on Vishwanath.

On the day when Ashok's sister Mallika is meeting a prospective groom's family for a matchmaking ceremony, Vishwanath fails to arrive, causing the groom's family to question the seriousness of the marriage between Kamala and Vishwanath. Ashok is enraged; he goes to Vishwanath's house and berates him but realises his paternal grandmother has died; Gautham throws him out. Later, Ashok learns his girlfriend also comes from a broken family. The Commissioner learns of Gautham's romance with Anjali and, based on his father's behaviour, doubts his monogamy.

Mallika runs into Gautham and Anjali on a commuter train; Gautham protects her from ruffians hired by Chidambaram to harass her, and he and Anjali accompany Mallika home safely. Mallika addresses Gautham as her elder brother but before he can respond, Ashok arrives and throws him out. Another altercation occurs at a wedding. The next day, they get into a huge brawl in public. Vishwanath berates them both, lamenting his public humiliation at his sons' behaviour.

While Vishwanath is leaving his office, he is run over by a truck driven by one of Chidambaram's thugs and becomes comatose. Mutual fear brings the families closer as Susheela and Kamala wait by his bedside. Chidambaram arranges for Vishwanath's murder in the hospital. When the thugs attack, Gautham and Ashok foil the murder attempt by switching to the ambulance that Vishwanath was in. The next day, the brothers take the bandaged Vishwanath into the commission's office to submit evidence of Chidambaram's crimes. Chidambaram is arrested and the brothers high five each other.

Development
After Mouna Ragam (1986), Mani Ratnam wrote the script for Agni Natchathiram, with which he intended to reach out to audiences he could not reach with Mouna Ragam. However, when Muktha Srinivasan approached Ratnam to make a film for Kamal Haasan, which eventually became Nayakan, he agreed. Agni Natchathiram was produced by Ratnam's brother G. Venkateswaran, filmed by P. C. Sreeram, and edited by B. Lenin and V. T. Vijayan. Thota Tharani was the art director and Mugur Sundar was the dance choreographer.

Casting and filming
Agni Natchathiram is the second time after Mouna Ragam Karthik collaborated with Ratnam. It is the feature-film debut of Radhika's sister Nirosha, who was not initially interested in pursuing an acting career, having previously declined an offer to act in Nayakan, but at Radhika's suggestion she joined this film. Vijayakumar, who had quit films and had settled in the United States, had returned to India for a different purpose when assistant director K. Subash met and offered him a role in Agni Natchathiram. Vijayakumar initially refused but Subash remained adamant; when Ratnam narrated the script, Vijayakumar was impressed with the character and accepted the role. G. Umapathy made his acting debut, playing the antagonist Chidambaram.

In January 1987, after two weeks of filming for Nayakan, Ratnam resumed work on Agni Natchathiram, filming scenes with Prabhu and Amala such as the song "Ninnukkori Varnam". Ratnam, however, could not manage filming for two films at the same time so work on Agni Natchathiram was halted for nearly a year, resuming only after Nayakan's release in late 1987. To make the film more commercially viable, a comedy subplot involving a middle-aged man (V. K. Ramasamy) and his chauffeur (Janagaraj) trying to cavort with a prostitute (Disco Shanti) without their wives' knowledge was created. Two backup dancers did not arrive for the filming of the dance song "Raaja Raajathi", so Sundar persuaded his son Prabhu Deva to perform the breakdance in the song. The entire climax was filmed with strobe light effects.

Soundtrack
Ilaiyaraaja composed the music for the soundtrack of Agni Natchathiram and Vaali wrote the lyrics. Many of the songs are set in Carnatic ragas; "Vaa Vaa Anbe Anbe" is in Shivaranjani, "Thoongatha Vizhigal" is in Amritavarshini,  "Oru Poonga Vanam" is in Sudhadhanyasi, and "Ninnukkori Varnam" is in Mohanam. For "Raaja Raajathi", Ilaiyaraaja used no string instruments and composed the opening stanza with only two notes. Anand–Milind adapted the song as "Tap Tap Tapori" for Baaghi (1990), and "Ninnukori Varnam" was sampled by musician Karthik for "Thooriga" from "Guitar Kambi Mele Nindru", an episode of Navarasa (2021). For the Telugu dubbed version titled Gharsana, all the lyrics are written by Rajasri.

Release
Agni Natchathiram was released on 15 April 1988, the week of Puthandu, the Tamil New Year festival. It ran in theatres for over 200 days, becoming a silver jubilee film and Ratnam's most-profitable film to that point. The film was also dubbed in Telugu as Gharshana.

Critical reception
S. Shivakumar, writing for Mid-Day, called Agni Natchathiram "Mani's loosely scripted work to date" and said; "What emerges on the screen is frothy and cracks like fresh pop corn". N. Krishnaswamy of The Indian Express wrote the film has "more light than heat", referring to the impact Sriram's technique had on the film, and criticised the comedy subplot. Ananda Vikatan wrote Ratnam proved he could make an interesting and engaging film with just a small thread of script, and that he had imagined each scene differently and presented them interestingly, giving the film a rating of 45 out of 100. Jayamanmadhan of Kalki criticised the film for Ratnam's direction and writing.

Legacy
Indian film critic Baradwaj Rangan considers Agni Natchathiram a defining Tamil film for the youth of the 1980s. It became a trendsetter in Tamil cinema for setting "a new standard in the use of lighting". Lakshmipathy's dialogue "En pondatti orrukku poittaa" ("My wife has gone to her town"), which is spoken in excitement when his wife leaves for her hometown, entered Tamil vernacular. The dialogue also inspired a song of the same name in Nenjam Marappathillai (2021). In 2004, Rediff.com appreciated Agni Natchathiram for its "[s]ubtlety, diffused lighting, realistic fights, plain logic, a controlled Prabhu and a livewire Kartik", calling it a "landmark movie which never got the recognition it deserved up north". In 2018, Rangan called Agni Natchathiram one of the best films in the masala genre, though he noted elements such as the loosu ponnu character played by Amala and the "flashy, MTV-era cinematography" did not age well. The film was remade in Hindi as Vansh (1992).

title: Agni Natchathiram


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Friedrich von Hügel

Friedrich von Hügel (born Friedrich Maria Aloys Franz Karl Freiherr von Hügel, usually known as Baron von Hügel; 5 May 1852 – 27 January 1925) was an influential Austrian Catholic layman, religious writer, and Christian apologist. Although classified with Modernists due to his friendships with Alfred Loisy and George Tyrrell, von Hügel rejected the Modernist theory of belief.

Life and work
Friedrich von Hügel was born in Florence, in 1852, to Charles von Hügel, who was serving as Austrian ambassador to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, and a Scottish mother, Elizabeth Farquharson, who was a convert to Catholicism. The young Friedrich was educated privately, and in 1867 moved with his family to England, when he was fifteen, remaining there for the rest of his life. It has been suggested that Count Felix Sumarokov-Elston, an ataman of the Kuban Cossacks, was his elder half-brother; but as the Count was born in 1820 this is most unlikely, and the Count is more likely to have been his uncle, the son of Hügel's grandfather.

In 1873 he married Lady Mary Catherine Herbert (1849–1935), daughter of the statesman Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea, by Elizabeth Ash à Court-Repington, an ardent convert to Roman Catholicism and a philanthropist. Mary, like Hügel's mother and her own, was also a convert. The couple had three daughters: Gertrude (1877–1915), Hildegarde (1879–1926), and Thekla (1886–1970), who became a Carmelite nun. Hügel remained an Austrian citizen until he found himself to be a "hostile alien" after Britain declared war on Austria-Hungary in August 1914. He applied for naturalisation and received it in December of the same year.

Hügel was a Baron of the Holy Roman Empire, an inherited title, and a frequent visitor to Rome. A self-taught biblical scholar, he was fluent in French, German, and Italian, as well as his adopted English. A master of many subjects, he never held office in the church, nor any academic post, nor did he ever earn a university degree. However, he is often mentioned alongside John Henry Newman as one of the most influential Roman Catholic thinkers of his day. The scope of his learning was impressive, and the list of his correspondents reads like a "who's who" of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century European religious leadership (for example, Louis Duchesne, Alfred Loisy, Germain Morin, Maurice Blondel, Henri Brémond, John Henry Newman, William George Ward, Wilfrid Philip Ward, Lord Halifax, Cuthbert Butler, Claude Montefiore, George Tyrrell, Maude Petre, Evelyn Underhill, Antonio Fogazzaro, Ernesto Buonaiuti, Rudolf Christoph Eucken, Hans Vaihinger, Franz Xaver Kraus, and Ernst Troeltsch). In Italy, Hügel frequently met two future popes, Achille Ratti and Eugenio Pacelli, later Pius XI and Pius XII. In Milan in 1901 Ratti helped him with his research at the Ambrosiana for The Mystical Element of Religion. Hügel did much to bring the work of the philosophers Eucken and Troeltsch to the attention of the English-speaking public, despite the hostility during and after the First World War to all things German.

Modernism
Baron von Hügel was deeply engaged in theological discussions with a wide group of scholars associated with the turn-of-the-century Modernist controversy. "He shared with other modernists a belief that science had raised new questions for religious faith and that undermined any naïve suppositions that believers could rely purely on dogmatic authority as a source of truth." His scholarly concerns included the relationship of Christianity to history, ecumenism, mysticism, the philosophy of religion, and the rejection of much of the immanentism in nineteenth-century theology. Von Hügel supported Alfred Loisy in his troubles with ecclesiastical authorities because he understood Loisy's biblical criticism as valid historical apologetics for the Catholic Church. He was a close friend of George Tyrrell, and the two would exchange and proof each other's writing. Under Pope Pius X, prompted by conservatives such as Cardinal Merry del Val y Zulueta, there was a backlash against many of the Modernist thinkers, and Hügel attempted to negotiate a middle way of restraint, while remaining true to the principles of intellectual rigour and free enquiry.

When the University of Oxford granted him an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree in 1920, it was the first time since the Reformation that a Roman Catholic had been so honoured by that university. The University of St. Andrews, where the Hügel archives are now located, had awarded him an honorary degree in 1914.

Hügel died in 1925. He was buried, beside his mother and sister, with the Benedictines of Downside, beside the abbey. His tombstone in an English country churchyard bears the simple inscription: "Whom have I in heaven but Thee?"

The Mystical Element of Religion
Friedrich von Hügel's major work was The Mystical Element of Religion as Studied in St. Catherine of Genoa and Her Friends (1908). Writing in The Manchester Guardian after Hügel's death, William Temple gave his judgement of its value: "It is quite arguable that this is the most important theological work written in the English language during the last half-century. Its greatness, like all true greatness in this field, consists in its combination of qualities usually found in separation from each other. It is a masterpiece of detailed critical study, yet it is a massive presentation of fundamental principle. It is a penetrating piece of psychological analysis, while it is also a great achievement in constructive philosophy. The most striking section of it — the introduction — has so deeply permeated the thought of our time that its leading conception has become a commonplace among many who have never read the book, or even who have never heard of it. This leading conception is, of course, the necessity of three elements in any religion which is to be both full and living — the mystical, the intellectual, the institutional. His statement of the necessity of each of these, and of the consequent need to harmonize and balance them, is unanswerable."

Hügel's The Mystical Element of Religion is a critical but largely appreciative philosophy of mysticism. Yet, in many ways throughout this work von Hügel counsels the reader of mysticism's potential dangers. The mystical impulse is but one of the three elements that together with the other two constitutes the rich complexity of existence. Hügel cautions: "...mysticism would never be the whole of religion; it would become a dangerous error the very moment it claimed to be this whole; but, at the same time, it would be an element essential to religion in the long run and upon the whole, although it would… possess its own dangers, its own besetting sins, as indeed also the primitive, naïve type of religion possesses its own different dangers and different besetting sins."

The three elements
Hügel's "three elements of religion" are his most enduring contribution to theological thinking. The human soul, the movements of western civilisation, and the phenomena of religion itself he characterised by these three elements: the historical/institutional element, the intellectual/speculative element, and the mystical/experiential element. This typology provided for him an understanding of the balance, tension, and 'friction' that exists in religious thinking and in the complexity of reality and existence. It is an organising paradigm that remained central to his project. The effort to hold these sometimes disparate dimensions together is structurally and theologically dominant throughout his writing. His friend George Tyrrell observed, "All life, according to [Hügel] consists in a patient struggle with irreconcilables—a progressive unifying of parts that will never fit perfectly."

Hügel and Yeats
William Butler Yeats addressed Friedrich von Hügel in the last stanza of "Vacillation": "Must we part, Von Hügel, though much alike, for we Accept the miracles of the saints and honour sanctity? The body of Saint Teresa lies undecayed in tomb, Bathed in miraculous oil, sweet odours from it come, Healing from its lettered slab. Those self-same hands perchance Eternalised the body of a modern saint that once Had scooped out Pharaoh's mummy. I – though heart might find relief Did I become a Christian man and choose for my belief What seems most welcome in the tomb – play a predestined part. Homer is my example and his unchristened heart. The lion and the honeycomb, what has Scripture said? So get you gone, Von Hügel, though with blessings on your head."

Hügel and Flannery O'Connor
In The Habit of Being: Letters of Flannery O'Connor, published posthumously in 1979, O'Connor refers often to von Hügel, especially in writing to a correspondent in the process of conversion to Catholicism. A Subversive Gospel by Michael Bruner also examines her Catholicism and Hügel's influence.

Legacy
With a deep commitment to the life of prayer, von Hügel was an authority on the great mystical writers, particularly of the pre-Reformation period, and sympathetic to the emotional and spiritual burdens of humanity, so that he was sought out by many as a counsellor, guide, and spiritual mentor. His authority as a spiritual writer has endured through the posthumous publication of many of his letters: Selected Letters, 1896–1924, 1927, Letters from Baron Friedrich von Hügel to a Niece, 1928, and Spiritual Counsels and Letters of Baron Friedrich von Hügel, 1964.

The Von Hügel Institute, a research centre for the study of Christianity and society at St. Edmund's College, the University of Cambridge, was founded in 1987, and is named in honour of Friedrich's brother, Anatole von Hügel, the first director of the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at Cambridge.

A plaque was erected in 1968 by the Greater London Council outside his former home at 4 Holford Road, Hampstead, London, NW3 1AD, London Borough of Camden.

Works
In addition to extensive correspondence, his published works include:
 * The Mystical Element of Religion: as studied in Saint Catherine of Genoa and her friends, 2 vols, (1908, revised 1923: Vol. I; Vol. II )
 * Eternal Life (1912)
 * The German Soul (1916)
 * Essays and Addresses on the Philosophy of Religion (Vol. I 1921; Vol II 1926)
 * Some Notes on the Petrine Claims, Sheed & Ward, 1930.
 * The Reality of God and Religion and Agnosticism (1931). This last book contains two works that von Hügel left unfinished at his death: The Reality of God, which was to have been the Gifford Lectures of 1924–1925 and 1925–1926 at Edinburgh University, and Religion and Agnosticism, a study of the religious opinions and writings of Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall which was begun in 1912 and laid aside in 1915 (though retouched here and there later).
 * The Reality of God and Religion and Agnosticism (1931). This last book contains two works that von Hügel left unfinished at his death: The Reality of God, which was to have been the Gifford Lectures of 1924–1925 and 1925–1926 at Edinburgh University, and Religion and Agnosticism, a study of the religious opinions and writings of Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall which was begun in 1912 and laid aside in 1915 (though retouched here and there later).

title: Friedrich von Hügel


text:
Mothercare

Mothercare plc was a British retailer that specialised in products for expectant mothers and in general merchandise for children up to eight years of age. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE SmallCap Index.

Mothercare's United Kingdom subsidiary had over 150 stores in 2017, but by 2019 the number had been reduced to 79. In November 2019, the subsidiary was placed into administration, which led to closure of all the stores, continuing as a franchise-only business. Mothercare-branded products are sold in the UK by Boots, and Mothercare continues to supply franchisees in other countries.

History
The company was founded by Selim Zilkha and Sir James Goldsmith in 1961. It was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1972.

In 1982, the company merged with Habitat to form Habitat Mothercare plc. In 1986, Habitat Mothercare plc merged with British Home Stores, to form Storehouse plc. In January 1996, it bought Children's World from Boots, and rebranded these stores as Mothercare World. In May 2000, the Bhs stores were sold to Philip Green, and Storehouse reverted to the Mothercare brand.

In June 2007, Mothercare bought Early Learning Centre (ELC) for £85 million. In October 2007, it launched Gurgle, a pregnancy and parenting social networking website. In November 2009, Mothercare acquired the 50% of Gurgle that it did not already own.

In July 2010, Mothercare bought the trademark and brand of Blooming Marvellous, a privately owned rival.

In May 2018, it was confirmed that Mothercare would close 50 stores in the United Kingdom under company voluntary arrangement schemes affecting three subsidiaries: Mothercare UK Limited, Early Learning Centre Limited and Childrens World Limited. The Early Learning Centre business – which operated in 80 UK stores and 400 overseas franchises – was sold to the Entertainer group in March 2019.

During the 2019 financial year, the company's Watford headquarters was sold in a leaseback transaction which raised £14.5M. In July 2019, the company said it was planning to spin off its UK retail business due to decreased sales. The company reported that UK store sales had fallen by 23.2%, while online sales in the UK were down by 12.1%. The company recorded a worldwide sales drop of 9.4%.

In November 2019, the company put Mothercare UK (and Mothercare Business Services) into administration; all the UK shops and the UK website closed soon after.

Operations
The company operated online, on high streets and in out-of-town retail parks. In November 2009 it had over 1,060 stores worldwide, of which 389 were in the United Kingdom, and 671 were in 38 other countries.

In January 2019, Mothercare announced that its store closure programme was ahead of schedule and the group was on course to have 79 shops by the end of March 2019.

Following the closure of the UK business, from mid-2020 some Mothercare-branded products were to be sold by Boots, both online and in stores.

Financials
In September 2014, Mothercare made a nine-for-ten rights issue at 125p per share, a discount of 34.2 per cent to the then current share price, in order to raise £95m net of expenses, to be used to pay off £40 million in loans. By March 2018, Mothercare were in talks with the banks to waive their covenants, causing the company's share price to fall by one third to 22 pence per share, and had a pension shortfall of £80m.

UK administration
On 4 November 2019, Mothercare announced it was appointing administrators for its UK operations of 79 stores, placing 2,500 jobs at risk. The company, which suffered a loss of £36.3m during 2018–19, stated the decision came after a review made clear that the business would not return to profitability. On 5 November, it was announced by the administrators that there would be a phased closure of all UK stores and its headquarters.

Kuwait
In 1983, M.H. Alshaya Co. began its first franchise operation with the Mothercare brand in Kuwait, which was also its first international store. Alshaya operates Mothercare franchises in the Middle East, North Africa, central and eastern Europe and Russia.

Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong
In Singapore, the Mothercare brand is represented by Kim Hin International Pte. Ltd. which began in 1984 by its founder and current chairman, Pang Kim Hin.

Poundland's "Motherland" store
The British retailer Poundland planned to open a store in Biggleswade, dubbed "Motherland", the logo featured a similar logo to Mothercare's. On 9 February 2023, Mothercare sent a cease and desist to the discount retailer, the store was renamed to "Parentland" and now uses the same font as the Poundland logo.

title: Mothercare


text:
PTRD-41

The PTRD-41 (Shortened from Russian, ProtivoTankovoye Ruzhyo Degtyaryova; Противотанковое однозарядное ружьё системы Дегтярёва образца 1941 года; "Degtyaryov Single Shot Anti-Tank Weapon System Model of 1941") is an anti-tank rifle that was produced and used from early 1941 by the Soviet Red Army during World War II. It is a single-shot weapon which fires the 14.5×114 mm round, which was able to penetrate German tanks such as the Panzer III and early models of the Panzer IV. Although unable to penetrate the frontal armor of late-war German tanks, it could penetrate their thinner side armor at close ranges as well as thinly armored self-propelled guns and half-tracks.

History
In 1939, in its invasion of Poland the USSR captured several hundred Polish Model 35 anti-tank rifles, which had proved effective against the German invasion of Poland from the West. Vasily Degtyaryov copied its lock and several features of the German Panzerbüchse 38 when hasty construction of an anti-tank rifle was ordered in July 1941.

The PTRD and the similar but semi-automatic PTRS-41 were the only individual anti-tank weapons available to the Red Army in numbers upon the outbreak of the war with Germany. The 14.5 mm armor-piercing bullet had a muzzle velocity of 1012 m/s. The 64 g bullet had a 39 g steel core and could penetrate around 30 mm of armor at 500 m, and 40 mm of armor at 100 m. During the initial invasion, and indeed throughout the war, most German tanks had side armor thinner than 40 mm (Panzer I and Panzer II: 13-20 mm, Panzer III and Panzer IV series: 30 mm, Panzer V Panther (combat debut mid-1943): 40-50 mm).

Guns captured by the Germans were given the designation 14.5 mm PzB 783(r). After World War II the PTRD was also used extensively by North Korean and Chinese armed forces in the Korean War. During this war, William Brophy, a US Army Ordnance officer, mounted a .50 BMG (12.7 mm) barrel to a captured PTRD to examine the effectiveness of long-range shooting. Furthermore, the US also captured a number of PTRDs in the Vietnam War. The weapon proved effective out to 1800 m.

Current

 * Donetsk People's Republic: Used by militiamen in 2014.
 * 🇷🇺: Limited use in the Syrian civil war
 * 🇺🇦: Limited use in the war in Donbas

Former

 * 🇧🇬 Bulgaria: Equipped with 300 items (both PTRD & PTRS) by Soviet Union between 1944 and 1945, seen in combat operations.
 * 🇨🇳 China: Used in Chinese Civil War, later by People's Volunteer Army during Korean War.
 * Czechoslovakia: Used by 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps in the USSR.
 * Nazi Germany: Captured and used by Wehrmacht under the title Panzerbüchse 783(r).
 * 🇰🇵 North Korea: Equipped by the USSR, saw extensive combat in Korean War against M24 light tanks.
 * 🇵🇱 Poland: Used by 1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division in 1943 then by other Polish divisions.
 * North Vietnam: In stockpile, used by Viet Cong in Vietnam War.
 * USSR: Largely used in Eastern Front by the Red Army.

title: PTRD-41


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Protothread

A protothread is a low-overhead mechanism for concurrent programming.

Protothreads function as stackless, lightweight threads, or coroutines, providing a blocking context cheaply using minimal memory per protothread (on the order of single bytes).

Protothreads are used to accomplish a non-preempted form of concurrency known as cooperative multitasking and, therefore, do not incur context switch when yielding to another thread. Within a protothread, yielding is accomplished by utilizing Duff's device within a thread's function and an external variable used in within the switch statement. This allows jumping (resuming) from a yield upon another function call. In order to block threads, these yields may be guarded by a conditional so that successive calls to the same function will yield unless the guard conditional is true.

A feature of protothreads relative to other implementations of coroutines, or proper threads, is that they are stackless. This has advantages and disadvantages. A disadvantage is that local variables within the protothread cannot be trusted to have retained their values across a yield to another context. They must retain their state through the use of static or external, often global, variables. An advantage is that they are very lightweight and therefore useful on severely memory constrained systems like small microcontrollers where other solutions are impractical or less desirable.

Tom Duff, of Duff's device fame, had this to say about the shortcomings of the method: "a similar trick for interrupt-driven state machines that is too horrible to go into. [...] I never thought it was an adequate general-purpose coroutine implementation because it’s not easy to have multiple simultaneous activations of a coroutine and it’s not possible using this method to have coroutines give up control anywhere but in their top-level routine. A simple assembly-language stack-switching library lets you do both of those."

The protothread concept was developed by Adam Dunkels and Oliver Schmidt, based on prior work by Simon Tatham and Tom Duff.

title: Protothread


text:
Sodium bisulfate

Sodium bisulfate, also known as sodium hydrogen sulfate, is the sodium salt of the bisulfate anion, with the molecular formula NaHSO4. Sodium bisulfate is an acid salt formed by partial neutralization of sulfuric acid by an equivalent of sodium base, typically in the form of either sodium hydroxide (lye) or sodium chloride (table salt). It is a dry granular product that can be safely shipped and stored. The anhydrous form is hygroscopic. Solutions of sodium bisulfate are acidic, with a 1M solution having a pH of slightly below 1.

Production
Sodium bisulfate is produced as an intermediate in the Mannheim process, an industrial process involving the reaction of sodium chloride and sulfuric acid:
 * NaCl + H2SO4 -> HCl + NaHSO4

The process for the formation of sodium bisulfate is highly exothermic. The liquid sodium bisulfate is sprayed and cooled so that it forms a solid bead. The hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in water to produce hydrochloric acid as a useful coproduct of the reaction.

Sodium bisulfate can be generated as a byproduct of the production of many other mineral acids via the reaction of their sodium salts with an excess of sulfuric acid:
 * NaX + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + HX ( X− = CN−, NO3−, ClO4−)

The acids HX produced have a lower boiling point than the reactants and are separated from the reaction mixture by distillation.

Chemical reactions
Hydrated sodium bisulfate dehydrates at 58 C at which point it separates from the water molecule attached to it. Once cooled again, it is freshly hygroscopic. Heating sodium bisulfate to 280 C produces sodium pyrosulfate, another colorless salt:
 * 2 NaHSO4 -> Na2S2O7 + H2O

Uses
Sodium bisulfate is used primarily to lower pH. it also is used in metal finishing, cleaning products, and to lower the pH of water for effective chlorination in swimming pools and hot tubs. Sodium bisulfate is also AAFCO approved as a general-use feed additive, including use in poultry feed and companion animal food. It is used as a urine acidifier to reduce urinary stones in cats.

It is highly toxic to certain echinoderms, but fairly harmless to most other life forms; so it is used in controlling outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish.

Sodium bisulfate was the primary active ingredient in the toilet bowl cleaners Vanish and Sani-Flush, both now discontinued.

In the textiles industry, it is sometimes applied to velvet cloth made with a silk backing and a pile of cellulose-based fiber (rayon, cotton, hemp, etc.) to create "burnout velvet": the sodium bisulfate, when applied to such a fabric and heated, causes the cellulose-based fibers to become brittle and flake away, leaving burned-out areas in the finished material, usually in attractive patterns.

Sodium bisulfate is the active ingredient in some granular poultry litter treatments used to control ammonia. Sodium bisulfate has also been shown to significantly reduce the concentration of Campylobacter and Salmonella in chicken houses.

Sodium bisulfate is sometimes used as the active ingredient in flocculant tablets, a step in soil and water quality test kits.

In food
Sodium bisulfate is used as a food additive to leaven cake mixes (make them rise) as well as being used in meat and poultry processing and most recently in browning prevention of fresh-cut produce. Sodium bisulfate is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA and has been named to the EPA Safer Choice Safer Chemicals Ingredients List. The food-grade product also meets the requirements set out in the Food Chemicals Codex. It is denoted by E number E514ii in the EU and is also approved for use in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Mexico. where it is listed as additive 514. Food grade sodium bisulfate is used in a variety of food products, including beverages, dressings, sauces, and fillings. It has many synonyms including bisulfate of soda, sodium acid sulfate, mono sodium hydrogen sulfate, sodium hydrogen sulfate, sodium hydrosulfate, and sulfuric acid sodium salt (1:1).

Sodium bisulfate lowers the pH without creating a sour taste, and has been used in the place of citric, malic, or phosphoric acids that are commercially available, and it can also be used as an anti-browning agent.

title: Sodium bisulfate


text:
Potassium bisulfate

Potassium bisulfate (potassium bisulphate) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KHSO4 and is the potassium acid salt of sulfuric acid. It is a white, water-soluble solid.

Preparation
More than 1 million tons were produced in 1985 as the initial stage in the Mannheim process for producing potassium sulfate. The relevant conversion is the exothermic reaction of potassium chloride and sulfuric acid:
 * KCl + H2SO4 -> HCl + KHSO4

Potassium bisulfate is a by-product in the production of nitric acid from potassium nitrate and sulfuric acid:
 * KNO3 + H2SO4 -> KHSO4 + HNO3

Chemical properties
Thermal decomposition of potassium bisulfate forms potassium pyrosulfate:
 * 2 KHSO4 -> K2S2O7 + H2O

Above 600 °C potassium pyrosulfate converts to potassium sulfate and sulfur trioxide:
 * K2S2O7 -> K2SO4 + SO3

Uses
Potassium bisulfate is commonly used to prepare potassium bitartrate for winemaking. Potassium bisulfate is also used as a disintegrating agent in analytical chemistry or as a precursor to prepare potassium persulfate, a powerful oxidizing agent.

Occurrence
Mercallite, the mineralogical form of potassium bisulfate, occurs very rarely. Misenite is another more complex form of potassium bisulfate with the formula K8H6(SO4)7.

title: Potassium bisulfate


text: Talk:Ignite (youth programme)

title: Talk:Ignite (youth programme)


text:
Talk:Gang violence

Non-Sensical material--rewrite needed
The Modern American gang violence section needs serious re-writting--it makes no sense. I am very confused as to who Nicholas is? Never is he/she explained in the article!

I don't think this should be merged because this is information about Gangs in Glasow not only about violence but about the culture of Gangs in Glasgow

Danish, Glasgow FUCK YER MAW YASSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

Merger
Both this page and the original gang page are in need of some desperate attention. More focus needs to be directed to the gang page before we break off onto sub-pages. The word 'gang' is ambiguous to say the least and should be linked to seperate pages relating to a particular country/region. It seems pointless to write a seperate page on gang violence when you could easily include it within its regional article and save much dispute. Feedback please... YAAAAAAAAAAAAASSSSS PORN WWW.THEHUN.COM GORBALS CUMBIEEEEEEEEEE

Nearly Good Enough
There is an entry for 'list of famous glaswegians', and the same for other cities. I think this page should be left as is, with a link from Glasgow mainpage. It is, after all, fairly well written and is dealing with a different type of culture than other gangs. Besides, students may well choose to look up Glasgow Gangs if they are studying modern Scottish poets such as Edwin Morgan or the blade culture in the 1950s - both are true encyclopaedic uses for this article. Perhaps the article should be expanded with this in mind - the cultural history of the Glasgow gang scene and its role in art and the way a culture sees itself.

title: Talk:Gang violence


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/AWA Superstars of Wrestling

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep, merge and redirect. Wikiacc (talk) 00:03, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

AWA Superstars of Wrestling
This very short bite of information could perhaps be merged with AWA--194.32.41.11 08:52, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This afd nomination was orphaned. Listing now.  Redirect to American Wrestling Association; the content's already there, nearly verbatim.  Merge the roster article in, too.  (If this somehow survives as an independent article, merge the roster here.) —Cryptic (talk) 10:21, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and Redirect per Cryptic Youngamerican 16:59, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect as above. This is barely notable, even as part of a parent article. Xoloz 14:34, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as per above. McPhail 23:20, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Thalapathi

Thalapathi is a 1991 Indian Tamil-language gangster drama film written and directed by Mani Ratnam, and produced by G. Venkateswaran. The film stars Rajinikanth and Mammootty with Arvind Swamy in his feature-film debut, Jaishankar, Amrish Puri, Srividya, Bhanupriya, Shobana and Geetha in supporting roles. This is the Tamil debut of Bollywood actor, Amrish Puri. It is about a courageous slum dweller who befriends a powerful gangster and the attempts of a district collector to thwart them.

The plot of Thalapathi is based on the friendship between Karna and Duryodhana, characters from the Hindu epic, Mahabharata. Ilaiyaraaja, in his last collaboration with Mani Ratnam, composed the film's score and soundtrack, and the lyrics were written by poet Vaali. The cinematography was handled by Santosh Sivan and the editor was Suresh Urs. Most of the filming took place in Karnataka state. With a budget of ₹3 crore, at the time of its release, Thalapathi was the most expensive South Indian film.

Thalapathi was released on 5 November 1991, Diwali day; it became a critical and commercial success, and won many awards including two Filmfare Awards South: Best Director – Tamil (Ratnam) and Best Music Director – Tamil (Ilaiyaraaja), and two Cinema Express Awards: Best Actor – Tamil (Rajinikanth) and Best Character Actress (Srividya). It was remade in Kannada as Annavru (2003).

Plot
A fourteen-year-old Kalyani gives birth to a boy alone and, fearing societal backlash and incapacity, abandons him inside a moving goods train. A slum dweller finds the baby, takes him home, names him Surya and raises him. Surya grows up to be intolerant of injustice, especially to the poor, and wonders why his biological mother abandoned him. The only item from his mother is the yellow shawl in which she had placed him. Devaraj, a powerful gangster, who is kind but feared by most, fights injustice with violence. Surya attacks and kills Ramana, an auxiliary of Devaraj. Surya is arrested for murder and faces brutal torture from police, but Devaraj bails him out after perceiving Ramana's felony and realises Surya's cause was genuine. Surya and Devaraj, who share an ideology, come to understand each other. Devaraj declares Surya as his Thalapathi (commander) and best friend.

Arjun, the city's new district collector, wants to lawfully end violence. He is the second son of Kalyani, who is now a social worker. After abandoning Surya, her firstborn, she married Krishnamoorthy. Kalyani never told Arjun of the ordeal she faced as a teenager but is constantly grieved by thoughts of her long-lost firstborn. Meanwhile, Surya is courted by a Brahmin girl Subbulaxmi, who is smitten with his transparent nature. Surya's appraisal to Devaraj leads local people in the locality to respect them both. They continue objecting to societal incongruities. While Devaraj leads Surya to help curb unlawful discrepancies, Subbulaxmi despises Surya's use of violence and tries to persuade him against it. Devaraj tries to form a relationship between Subbulaxmi and Surya but Subbulaxmi's orthodox father objects and arranges her marriage to Arjun.

In his fight against organised crime, Arjun unsuccessfully targets Devaraj and Surya. Meanwhile, Padma, Ramana's widow, makes Surya feel guilty for killing Ramana. Understanding Padma's pain, Devaraj shelters her and her child. However, Padma confesses she is constantly troubled by the dishonourable men surrounding her. Devaraj, considering Padma and her daughter's safety and Surya's future, asks them to marry each other. Guilt-ridden, Surya marries Padma and eventually wins her child's affection. Later, at a medical camp, Kalyani meets Padma and her daughter, along with the shawl in which she wrapped Surya. After asking about the day he was found, Kalyani and Krishnamoorthy discover Surya is Kalyani's long-lost son during a suspect identification. Krishnamoorthy secretly meets Surya and reveals the truth of his origin to him. Surya asks Krishnamoorthy to promise not to let his mother know of Surya's identity because it would hurt her to know her son has grown to be a vigilante.

Kalyani eventually finds Surya and meets him. Surya vows not to harm Arjun for her sake. The long-standing feud between Devaraj and his main rival Kalivardhan makes Surya tell Devaraj, who learns of his meeting with his stepfather and mother the truth about his family. Devaraj is pleased to know that, despite Arjun being Surya's half-brother, Surya still sides with him, thus valuing their friendship over family. Because of this, Devaraj decides to surrender. Devaraj and Surya meet Arjun, who now knows Surya is his own half-brother. Suddenly, Kalivardhan's henchmen open fire and Devaraj is killed. Enraged, Surya storms into Kalivardhan's house, murders Kalivardhan and all of his henchmen, and surrenders to the police, but is exonerated due to lack of evidence. Arjun is later transferred to another state with Subbulaxmi while Kalyani stays with Surya.

Development
Rajinikanth was a friend of Mani Ratnam's brother G. Venkateswaran of GV Films, and they were talking about making a film together. Ratnam had met Rajinikanth twice because he had expressed interest in working with Ratnam, who had nothing for him then. Ratnam needed a film with scope for Rajinikanth's stardom but would remain Ratnam's film. Ratnam wanted something Rajinikanth could not refuse and that Ratnam really wanted to do. Soon the concept of the story of Karna from the Indian epic Mahabharata, which became the basis for Thalapathi and was a contemporary version of the Mahabharata from Karna's perspective, came up. Ratnam wanted to present a realistic Rajinikanth, which he saw in Mullum Malarum (1978) without his style elements and larger-than-life image. Thalapathi was cinematographer Santosh Sivan's first film in Tamil and his first project with Ratnam. The film was edited by Suresh Urs, and art-directed by Thota Tharani. Thalapathi remains the only collaboration between Ratnam and Rajinikanth.

Casting
Rajinikanth played Surya, who is a representation of Karna. Rajinikanth insisted Karna's friend Duryodhana, who is important to the story, was correctly cast; Mammootty was eventually cast as Devaraj, the equivalent of Duryodhana. He was then filming for Joshiy's Kuttettan (1990) and initially declined the role after listening to Ratnam's narration of the story, but after advice from Joshiy, accepted. For the role of Surya's brother Arjun, Ratnam wanted someone with a sophisticated look and fluency in English. Mammootty suggested Jayaram to Ratnam for the role, but Jayaram declined due to scheduling conflicts. Ratnam saw Arvind Swamy in a television commercial and approached him to play Arjun; after a few screen tests, Arvind – who was only credited with his first name – was cast in his feature-film debut. Mammootty was paid inr 1000000 and Amrish Puri, who portrayed the antagonist Kalivardhan, and shaved his head for the role, received inr 500000 for only five days of filming.

Despite being almost three years younger than Rajinikanth, Srividya was cast as Surya's mother Kalyani. When Bhanupriya was cast as Padma, the widow of a man killed by Surya, whom she later marries, Ratnam told her there would be no songs for her because Surya "was the cause of her husband's death. So it can't be the start of a new romantic track". Ratnam said the casting of Bhanupriya showed "there was some weight to the character, and you don't have to invest in terms of songs and things like that. Her very presence makes the character strong". Shobana was cast as Subbulaxmi, her second film role opposite Rajinikanth after Siva (1989). Manoj K. Jayan was cast as Manoharan – his first role in Tamil cinema – after Ratnam was impressed with his performance in the Malayalam film Perumthachan (1990). Krishna was chosen to play the young version of Surya but the character was later scrapped because it affected the film's length.

Filming

Principal photography began before the role of Arjun had been cast. Ratnam said he chose to film in Mysore, Karnataka, because it had everything the script required, including a waterfront and a river. According to Sivan, Ratnam chose Mysore because "there'd be less people, or at least less people" having extreme adulation for Rajinikanth. The slum scenes were filmed in Madras on a set that was erected by Thota Tharani.

The first scene to be filmed was Subbulaxmi teaching a group of students by a river. Because the rising sun was important to the scene, it was filmed earlier than 5:45 am. By the time Rajinikanth came to film his part in the scene, the sun had already risen. To avoid continuity errors, he filmed after 4:30 am the next day. When filming against the "early morning or the late evening sun" was not possible, the crew used tungsten lights and mirrors to create the intended effect.

Ratnam chose to film the prologue in which Kalyani gives birth to Surya in black and white because according to him, "Black and white gives the sense of this being a prologue without us having to define it as a prologue". Rajinikanth said he had a tough time while filming because Ratnam "was from a different school of film making and asked me to feel emotions even when taking part in a fight scene". Ratnam delayed filming the scene in which Surya meets his biological mother for the first time by a day at the request of Rajinikanth, who needed more time to prepare.

The songs "Rakkamma Kaiya Thattu" and "Sundari Kannal" were filmed at Rayagopura, Melukote and Chennakeshava Temple, Somanathapura – both in Karnataka – respectively. "Rakkamma Kaiya Thattu" was filmed over the course of several nights, and was choreographed by Prabhu Deva and his father Mugur Sundar. Rajinikanth wore Samurai apparel for "Sundari Kannal"; according to The Hindu S. Shiva Kumar, this was the closest Ratnam came to doing something like his idol Akira Kurosawa. With a budget of inr 30000000, Thalapathi was the most expensive South Indian film at the time of its release.

Themes
Thalapathi is a contemporary adaptation of the Mahabharata but because the film's focus is Surya, it dispenses with the epic's ensemble nature. The character Subbulaxmi is based on Draupadi, Arjun on Arjuna and Kalyani on Kunti. The film was not originally publicised as an adaptation of the Mahabharata; Ratnam said this was because the "parallels are hidden sufficiently inside the story to make it work. That is the way I wanted it – at a layer below and not crying out loud". Venkateswaran said the film "questions people's normally held ideas of friendship". According to New Straits Times, the film does not extol crime or violence; rather it narrates the story of a tragic character who rises from slums to gain untold riches and unbridled power.

Ratnam refused to name Surya's father, saying the film "consciously avoids the who and the how of the underage girl's first love. It was the child, the son of Surya, who formed the story". The name Surya was chosen to emphasise the character's connection to the sun, similar to the way Karna is the son of the sun god Surya in the Mahabharata. Ratnam did not consider killing Surya, unlike the Mahabharata in which Karna dies, because he felt the character had suffered enough, and "his death would look too doomed, too tragic".

Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, with lyrics written by Vaali. Thalapathi marked the final collaboration between Ilaiyaraaja, Vaali and Ratnam, as the latter had associated with A. R. Rahman and Vairamuthu for all of his projects, beginning with Roja (1992), which marked Rahman's debut. The original Tamil version of the soundtrack album includes seven songs with lyrics that were written by Vaali. The six songs of the Hindi-dubbed version Dalapathi were written by P. K. Mishra. Rajasri wrote the lyrics for the Telugu-dubbed version. Lahari Music released the Kannada-dubbed version of the film's soundtrack which was titled Nanna Dalapathi, and V. Nagendra Prasad penned its lyrics.

Marketing
In a first-of-its-kind marketing strategy in India, GV Films launched "a whole range of consumer products" based on the lead character of Thalapathi. As part of the marketing strategy, all products would be "of the highest quality" and sport the film's name.

Release
Thalapathi was released on 5 November 1991 during the Diwali festival. The film was a major critical and commercial success.

Reception
On 8 November 1991, The Hindu said; "Moving his pieces with the acumen of an international grandmaster, the director sets a hot pace". The same day, N. Krishnaswamy of The Indian Express said; "One reason why Thalapathi, despite its visual grandeur is not as riveting as it should have been is that it does not have a strong antagonist". On 1 December 1991, the review board of Ananda Vikatan praised Ilaiyaraaja's music, called the film a mountain of a masala entertainer, and said Rajinikanth had several scenes in which he could emote and that he looks a caged lion left in the open. The magazine Kalki wrote a review of the film as a discussion panel alongside directors S. P. Muthuraman and Mahendran reviewing the film. In that review, the film's cast performances, cinematography and music were praised but the violence was criticised.

Legacy
C. S. Amudhan said Thalapathi was "really ahead of its time" and called it "intellectual entertaining cinema". Karthik Subbaraj said he watched the film during his childhood. Subbaraj's 2014 film Jigarthanda includes several references to Thalapathi. Rajinikanth's daughter, director Soundarya, said; "I remember Thalapathy most vividly as that was the first time I went for a first-day-first-show ever". Mammootty's performance in the scene in which Devaraj tells Arjun "mudiyathu" after being asked to surrender everything inspired director Mahi V Raghav to cast him in Yatra (2019).

Thamizh Padam (2010) parodied Thalapathi by featuring scenes with characters who are dimly lit and speak one-word dialogues. Atlee, who directed Raja Rani (2013), cites Thalapathi as the main inspiration that led him to consider a career in cinema. Soundarya has stated Rajinikanth's hairstyle in her directorial venture Kochadaiiyaan (2014) was inspired by his appearance in Thalapathi. Baradwaj Rangan compared Kadal (2013) to Thalapathi, both of which feature a character "who yearns for a lost mother and who is coerced into a life of crime".

Remakes
Thalapathi was remade in Kannada as Annavru (2003). In November 2011, producer Bharat Shah acquired the Hindi remake rights, despite having a Hindi dubbed version for this film released in 1993.

title: Thalapathi


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Live Covers, Ace of Base

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. -Doc (?) 17:19, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Live Covers, Ace of Base
According to the article, Ace of Base have only ever sung one live cover version, so the article can't be expanded into a list. One song sung once at one performance with no other assertion of notability does not warrant its own article. Delete (I'm not convinced this is even worth merging or redirecting to the main Ace of Base article.) CLW 08:53, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete -- (and add a notice about it on Ace of Base) Somewhat interesting that "Vårvindar friska" has been sung by Ace of Base live.  // Fred-Chess 11:53, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, and move info across, as per Fred's suggestion --Qirex 12:24, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and merge, per above Justin Bacon 01:22, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, with a merge only if there's anything verifiable to say. Jkelly 01:27, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge, this info in 100% true, they sang this Swedish cover in the Viña del Mar Festival on 1996 (THE BRIDGE album promotion) Just merge this info in the main page (Ace of Base) CrushNush 16:21, 11 October 2005 (GMT-3)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Ryde Bridge

Bridge closure
The premier is thinking of closing the ryde bridge for a few months or years ... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.239.37.196 (talk • contribs) 08:53, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Recommendation for improvement
Under REFERENCES. Third bullet point. It reads simply [1]. When clicked, it takes one to another website "On This day - Naval Historical Society of Australia". I cannot see the relevance of this website to Ryde Bridge. Perhaps it was intended as a reference for the statement. "The keel of HMAS Stuart (destroyer) is buried in the mud below Ryde Bridge." If so, this page of the website contains nothing about HMAS Stuart. Could some editor more experienced than me please either correct the reference so that its points to an appropriate web page and make the wording less cryptic than [1] or; delete it. Thank You Rick from Richmond (talk) 14:56, 20 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Hi there. Thanks. Yes, I agree, it's not a great link. And the database does not appear searchable. I've cleaned up the reference; but the link needs to be rectified. Rangasyd (talk) 11:05, 16 January 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ryde Bridge


text:
User talk:203.177.109.4

Nomination of Timoga Spring for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Timoga Spring is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Timoga Spring until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Lenticel ( talk ) 01:07, 26 May 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:203.177.109.4


text:
Donald Duck pocket books

The Donald Duck pocket books are a series of paperback-sized publications published in various European countries, featuring Disney comics.

Background
The pocket books were originally published irregularly (about 6 times a year) until 1987 and monthly since. They are roughly A5-sized (digest size) and about 250 pages thick. Each book has about eight stories, but the numbers of stories can vary widely from issue to issue. As of 10 September 2019, there are 524 issues. Almost all stories come from European publishers, namely Mondadori / Disney Italy from Italy and, more recently, Egmont from Denmark.

Most of the artists are from Italy (among the most famous and internationally renowned being Romano Scarpa, Marco Rota, Pier Lorenzo De Vita, Massimo De Vita, Giorgio Cavazzano, Giovan Battista Carpi, Luciano Bottaro) with a minority of Danish artists (such as Flemming Andersen), and very few stories are drawn by Spanish and Argentinian artists.

Production process
Just like their larger, comic book-sized European Disney comic counterparts and as is common with North-American superhero comics, hardly any story published in the pocket books is made by one single person, instead each story is a combined effort. An author writes a story for which the production company assigns an artist whose unique style they think most resembles the story's particular spirit, then the artist's drawings are completed, again per management directions, first by a particular inker and then a particular colorist. These groupings can at times be only loose and variable from story to story (especially stable author-artist groupings are rare), but particular artist-inker-colorist groupings can last long enough to define what later is recognized as an artist's defined "style period". It was not until the late 1990s that the production companies began to print at least the name of author and artist of each Disney story in their publications.

Black-and-white vs. colour
Until issue #118 [German numbering], a particular limitation of the pocket books out of economical reasons was that only half of the pages were printed in colour, while for the other half simply the uncoloured line art was printed. This was done in an alternating routine so that one pair of pages (left and right page) one was looking at was black and white, and turning to the next pair of pages they were in colour, etc. It was not until issue #119 (spring 1987, shortly before the move to monthly issues) that the pocket books were printed in full colour. In later reprints, these early issues were published in all-colour.

Mini pocket books
In the late 2000s, "mini" pocket books have also appeared. These mini pocket books are smaller (A6-sized rather than A5-sized) but have slightly more pages, and consist almost exclusively of reprints of stories in previously appeared full-size pocket books, rather than all-new material.

Additional series
Since the 1990s, many additional side series have been launched, some of which were printed in many countries, others being more specific to a few areas. These include Christmas-, Easter-, summer-, winter and Halloween-themed books, big issues that collect a mixture of reprints and unissued stories, oversized "Premium" books dedicated to specific series (PKNA, X-Mickey, Mickey Mouse Mystery Magazine, Darkwing Duck, DoubleDuck and others), and editions dedicated to various characters. Some of these are one-shots, others appear with different regularity.

Framework stories
The blueprint for all the European pocket books was the Italian series I Classici, which reprinted and collected comics from the weekly and much thinner Topolino.

A special feature of these early issues of pocket books were the so-called framework stories. In these early days, the stories used to be connected with each other by a framework story, forming a general story line throughout the entire book. For every one of those early issues, the publishers mostly chose unrelated stories from a large pool, and it was only after those stories had been chosen that a fitting framework would be written, then drawn in a sub-standard quality style by the artist Giuseppe Perego. As the feature gradually fell out of use, Perego was partly replaced by Giancarlo Gatti, an artist whose quality is more on par with that of the usual production level and who like Perego often publishes full-length main stories instead of only doing "filler" frameworks in between these.

The framework feature was gradually dropped during the 1980s (roughly between the issues #80-#100), as nowadays each story is usually completely independent from the other stories in the same issue. In this era, the German/Scandinavian series became independent from the Italian role model. While I Classici continues to be released to this day, there is no connection between its story selection and the Egmont-selected pocketbooks anymore.

Spine-assembly pictures
Since the same issue as full-color was introduced, the pocket books also feature pictures of Disney characters on their spines, a feature especially appealing to collectors as these pictures make it instantly apparent if an issue is missing when the pocket books are lined up on a cupboard. The first spine-assembly picture ran from 1987 until late 1991/early 1992, since then each spine picture (usually) spans a year (= 12 issues). This feature was also added to reprints of the early issues that originally did not have it.

"Choose your own adventure" stories
Some of the stories have a "choose your own adventure" aspect (semi-officially called "Which-way stories"). The reading order of the story is not completely linear. At the end of approximately every fourth page a choice is presented to the reader about what the character should do next, with two or three options. The reader makes their choice by turning to the page mentioned in the option. Thus, stories of this kind have about six to eight alternative endings. A rarer variation of this is the stories that are built up like levels in a video game; there is only one ending but various ways to get there, which includes several "wrong" turns of events that lead back to a previous point in the story so that the reader has to choose a different path in order to eventually arrive at the end.

In different countries
The same stories, which are mostly written and drawn by Italian writers and artists, are translated into different languages and appear in each country roughly about the same time, but there are differences of one or two months between the publishing schedules of different countries. As there was no connection between issues other than the recurring cast of characters, the early issues (until about #30?) were mostly published in different order all over Europe, so the German #3 for instance is not the same as the Danish, French, or Finnish #3. A few of the I Classici (e.g. the 1964 Olympics issue entirely by Romano Scarpa) also were never adapted outside Italy, and the stories weren't printed in the respective languages until much later.

Various local names for the Donald Duck pocket books include:
 * Danish: Jumbobog
 * Estonian : Miki Hiir Koomiksikogu
 * Egyptian : ميكى جيب
 * Finnish: Aku Ankan taskukirja
 * French : Mickey Parade (from issue #723bis, April 1966 to #1433bis, December 1979)
 * German: Lustiges Taschenbuch (before issue #119, April 1987, the title was Walt Disneys Lustige Taschenbücher)
 * Icelandic: Myndasögusyrpa/Syrpa
 * Italian: I Classici di Walt Disney
 * Norwegian: Donald Pocket
 * English: Jumbo Book (Great Britain; only 4 issues were released, 1981-1982)
 * Romanian: Donald Duck de Buzunar (only 4 issues were released, in 2011)
 * Slovenian: Vesela žepna knjiga (only 3 issues were issued, all in 1997)
 * Swedish: Kalle Ankas Pocket
 * Dutch: Donald Duck Pocket
 * Polish: Gigant Poleca (formerly Komiks Gigant)
 * Russian: Комикс Disney (Komiks Disney) since 2010
 * Latvian: Donalds Daks – Tavā Kabatā since 2012
 * Czech:  Superkomiks
 * Chinese: 终极米迷 （Zhongji Mimi ) since 2006, discontinued in 2018

All these books started publishing in 1967 and 1968 respectively, except for the Finnish version, which started in 1970, the Polish which started in 1992, Icelandic which started in 1994 and Estonian which started in 2008. The Italian edition, published since 1957, was the inspiration for the later European editions.

title: Donald Duck pocket books


text:
Christopher Middleton (poet)

John Christopher Middleton (10 June 1926 – 29 November 2015) was a British poet and translator, especially of German literature.

Life
Middleton was born in Truro, Cornwall, United Kingdom in 1926. Following four years' service in the Royal Air Force, he studied at Merton College, Oxford, matriculating in 1948. He then held academic positions at the University of Zürich and King's College London. In 1966 he took up a position as Professor of Germanic Languages & Literature at the University of Texas, Austin, retiring in 1998. Middleton has published translations of Robert Walser, Nietzsche, Hölderlin, Goethe, Gert Hofmann and many others. He has received various awards, including the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize and the Schlegel-Tieck Prize for translation.

Middleton married Mary Freer in 1953; they had two daughters and a son. They divorced in 1969. Middleton died on 29 November 2015.

Works

 * The Pigeons and the Girls (unknown)
 * Poems (1944)
 * Nocturne in Eden (1945)
 * The Vision of a Drowned Man (1949)
 * Torse 3 (1962)
 * Nonsequences (1965)
 * Our Flowers & Nice Bones (1969)
 * The Fossil Fish (1970)
 * Briefcase History (1972)
 * The Lonely Suppers of W. V. Balloon (1975)
 * Pataxanadu and Other Prose (1977)
 * Céleste, Orange Export Ltd., collection Chutes (1977)
 * Bolshevism in Art and Other Expository Writings (1978) essays
 * Anasphere: le torse antique (Burning Deck, 1978)
 * Carminalenia (1980)
 * The Pursuit of the Kingfisher (Carcanet Press, 1983) essays
 * 111 Poems (Carcanet Press, 1983)
 * Serpentine (1984)
 * Two Horse Wagon going by (Carcanet Press, 1986)
 * Selected Writings (Carcanet Press, 1989)
 * The Balcony Tree (Carcanet Press, 1992)
 * On a Photograph of Chekhov (1995)
 * Intimate Chronicles (Carcanet Press, 1996)
 * The Swallow Diver (1997)
 * Jackdaw Jiving (Carcanet Press, 1998)
 * The Redbird Hexagon (1999)
 * Faint Harps and Silver Voices: Selected Translations (Carcanet Press, 2000)
 * Twenty Tropes for Doctor Dark (2000)
 * The Word Pavilion and Selected Poems (Carcanet Press, 2001)
 * The Anti-Basilisk (Carcanet Press, 2005)
 * Collected Poems (Carcanet Press, 2008)
 * Collected Later Poems (Carcanet Press, 2014)

Translations

 * Kafka's Other Trial, by Elias Canetti (Schocken Books, 1974)
 * Selected Stories, by Robert Walser (Carcanet Press, 1988)
 * The Spectacle at the Tower, by Gert Hofmann (Carcanet Press, 1988)
 * Our Conquest, by Gert Hofmann (Carcanet Press, 1988)
 * The Parable of the Blind, by Gert Hofmann (Fromm International, 1989)

title: Christopher Middleton (poet)


text:
Carpenter syndrome

Carpenter syndrome, also called acrocephalopolysyndactyly type II, is an extremely rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by craniofacial malformations, obesity, syndactyly, and polydactyly. Acrocephalopolysyndactyly is a variation of acrocephalosyndactyly that presents with polydactyly.

It was first characterized in 1909, and is named for George Alfred Carpenter.

Presentation
Carpenter syndrome presents several features:
 * Turricephaly – tower-shaped skull
 * Polydactyly – additional digits (fingers and toes)
 * Syndactyly – fused digits
 * Obesity
 * Reduced height
 * Undescended testes

Intellectual disability is also common with the disorder, although some patients may have average intellectual capacity.

Description
Carpenter syndrome belongs to a rare genetic disorder known as acrocephalosyndactyly, (ACPS) (RN, 2007). There were originally five types of ACPS, but this number has been decreased because they have been found to be closely related to one another or to other disorders (Paul A. Johnson, 2002). The most common physical manifestation of Carpenter syndrome is early fusing of the fibrous cranial sutures which results in an abnormally pointed head. The fusion of the skull bones is evident from birth (National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc., 2008). Babies' mobile cranial bones form a cone shape as they pass through the birth canal and soon thereafter return to a normal shape; however, a baby affected by carpenter syndrome maintains a cone shaped head.

A baby affected by Carpenter syndrome will also display malformations of the face. An individual affected by the syndrome may have broad cheeks, a flat nasal bridge, and a wide upturned nose with abnormally large nasal openings. Their ears will most commonly be low, unevenly set, and malformed in structure. In addition to these facial abnormalities, individuals also have an underdeveloped maxilla and/or mandible with a highly arched and narrow palate which makes speech a very difficult skill to master. Teeth are usually very late to come in and will be undersized and spaced far apart.

Other physical abnormalities associated with Carpenter syndrome include extra digits. Extra toes are more commonly seen than fingers. Often both the toes and fingers are webbed, a process that occurs before the sixth week gestational period. Often their digits will be abnormally short, and the fingers are commonly missing an interphalangeal joint. Roughly half of the babies born with Carpenter syndrome have some type of heart defect, and seventy five percent of individuals with this disease will experience some degree of development delay due to mild intellectual disability (Carpenter syndrome-description).

Genetics

Carpenter syndrome has been associated with mutations in the RAB23 gene, which is located on chromosome 6 in humans. Additionally, three key SNPs in the MEGF8 gene, located on chromosome 19 at 19q13.2, have been identified as primary causes of Carpenter syndrome.

Diagnosis
The diagnosis of Carpenter syndrome is made based on the presence of the bicoronal and sagittal skull malformations, which results in a pointed, cone-shaped or short, broad head. The diagnosis is also made based on the presence of extra or fused digits. X rays and/ or CT scans of the skull may be performed in order to accurately diagnose the individual; however, other genetic disorders, which have available genetic tests, are also characterized by skull malformations. A positive result on these tests can rule out a Carpenter syndrome diagnosis.

Types
The primary diagnostic factor is a malformation of the skull. The two most common types of craniosynostosis are sagittal and bicoronal. Sagittal craniosynostosis manifests itself by causing a long narrow skull, resembling a football. It is quantitatively determined by measuring the anterior to posterior (front to back) diameter of the skull. An increased A-P diameter indicates a malformed fusion of the sagittal suture. Individuals affected with sagittal craniosynostosis have narrow, prominent foreheads and the back of the head is much larger than normal. The "soft spot" is very small or missing altogether with this particular type of craniosynostosis.

The second common type of skull malformation is bicoronal craniosynostosis is characterized by a wide, short skull. In this particular type of craniosynostosis the A-P diameter is smaller than in normal individuals. These individuals have malformed eye sockets and foreheads. The eye sockets are much smaller than normal and often cause visual impairment. Complications may include damage to the optic nerve, resulting in a decrease in visual clarity, bulging eyeballs as a result of shallow eye orbits which usually causes some sort of damage to the cornea (the outer layer of the eye). Bicoronal craniosynostosis may also result in widely spaced eyes and narrowing of the sinuses and tear ducts that may result in inflammation of the mucous membranes of the exposed portion of the eye.

In addition to the previously named complications of bicoronal craniosynostosis, many babies will also be affected by hydrocephalus, more commonly known as water on the brain. Hydrocephalus results in increased pressure on the brain which can cause permanent brain damage if not treated promptly. An abnormally highly arched palate is also seen in affected individuals causing dental problems and the thrusting forward of the lower jaw. Individuals affected by Carpenter syndrome often experience cutaneous syndactyly (fusion of the digits) or polydactyly (presence of extra digits) of the toes more often than fingers. Individuals also have short fingers. Approximately one third of individuals born with Carpenter syndrome have a type of heart defect. Commonly seen heart defects may include: narrowing of the pulmonary artery, transposition of the major blood vessels, or the presence of an abnormally large vena cava, which delivers blood back to the heart from the head, neck, and upper limbs. The testes of males affected by Carpenter syndrome may also fail to descend (Paul A. Johnson, 2002).

Treatment
Operations to correct the malformations of the skull should be performed within the first year of infancy in patients affected by Carpenter syndrome. Performing surgery at a young age increases the likelihood of obtaining a greatly improved appearance of the head because modifying bone is much easier to do when the skull is still constantly growing and changing. In surgery the doctor breaks the fused sutures to allow for brain growth. Doctors remove the cranial plates of the skull, reshape them and replace them back onto the skull in an attempt to reshape the head to appear more normal. Although the sutures are broken during surgery they will quickly refuse, and in some cases holes form in the plates allowing cerebral spinal fluid to escape into cyst like structures on the external surface of the head.

If an individual with Carpenter syndrome has a serious heart defect they will require surgery to correct the malformation of the heart. Other elective surgeries may also be performed. Some parents opt to have their child's webbed fingers or toes separated which improves their appearance but not necessarily the functionality of the digits. In order to address the occupational challenges of the disease, many children with Carpenter Syndrome go through speech and occupational therapy in order to achieve more independence in everyday tasks and activities (RN, 2007).

In order to address the vision problems that are associated with bicoronal  craniosynostosis, the individual must seek consultation from an ophthalmologist. If the palate is severely affected dental consultation may be necessary to correct the malformation. Obesity is often associated with Carpenter syndrome, so a lifelong diet plan is often utilized to maintain a healthy weight. In addition surgery must be performed if the testes fail to descend (Paul A. Johnson, 2002). If the procedure is not performed the individual will become infertile.

Occurrence
There are approximately three hundred known cases of Carpenter syndrome in the United States. Only 1 in 1 million live births will result in an infant affected by Carpenter syndrome (RN, 2007).

Carpenter syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease which means both parents must have the faulty genes in order to pass the disease onto their children. Even if both parents possess the faulty gene there is still only a twenty five percent chance that they will produce a child affected by the syndrome. Their children who do not have the disease will still be carriers and possess the ability to pass the disease onto their offspring if their spouse is also a carrier of the particular gene.

title: Carpenter syndrome


text:
File:Sir Henry Neville (c. 1615).jpg

Summary
Taken from http://www.berkshirehistory.com/bios/hneville_1615.html and dated 1615 From an original picture in the collection of Richard Aldworth Neville, Esqr.

title: File:Sir Henry Neville (c. 1615).jpg


text:
Mariel Rodriguez

Maria Erlinda Lucille Sazon Termulo-Padilla (born August 10, 1984) professionally known as Mariel Rodriguez, is a Filipino-born American commercial model, endorser, television host, VJ and actress.

Early life
Mariel Rodriguez was born Maria Erlinda Lucille Sazon Termulo on August 10, 1984. She is known by the nickname "Mariel" as a child, lived and was raised by her maternal grandparents in Parañaque due to her parents' separation at her youth. She studied at De La Salle Santiago Zobel School for grade school and high school and attended De La Salle University for college, where she studied with a Bachelor of Arts in Philippine Studies, major in Filipino in Mass Media.

Rodriguez has one sister and two half-siblings. Her sister, Kaye Garcia, owns the clothing line Hot Pink Lingerie. Her half-siblings, Ethan and Julia Termulo, both live in New Jersey.

Career
Rodriguez started her career at the age of 15 as a commercial model, which included Clean & Clear. In 2004, she was cast in MTV Asia's television show Rouge. Introducing herself through the webcam, she flew to Singapore for the audition and got the part. Her role in the show caught the eye of MTV Philippines executives and was made a VJ in December 2004. She left MTV in April 2006.

GMA Network signed her as one of their stars. While in the network, she became one of the regular hosts of Extra Challenge, and appeared on the series Love to Love.

In 2005, Rodriguez moved to ABS-CBN, where she joined as a co-host of the competition series Pinoy Big Brother until 2010. Later, she became well known for co-hosting the noon-time programs Wowowee (2006–10), Pilipinas Win Na Win (2010), and Happy Yipee Yehey! (2011). Additionally, Rodriguez also acted in the Komiks series Varga in 2008, where she starred in the titular main role as Varga, and two installments of the Precious Hearts Romances Presents, namely Bud Brothers and Love Is Only in the Movies, in 2009 and Cinco 2010, respectively.

In September 2011, she moved to TV5, where she continued her co-hosting stint for Willie Revillame's variety show Wil Time Bigtime from 2011 to 2013, which upon its cancellation was followed by Wowowillie, which she continued to co-host.

In November 2015, she returned to ABS-CBN and reprised her role as co-host in Pinoy Big Brother: 737, which also serves as the reunion of Kuya's Angels together with Toni Gonzaga and Bianca Gonzalez respectively. She also appeared in 737 as a celebrity houseguest, alongside Enchong Dee and Karla Estrada.

In 2015, Rodriguez was tapped as the guest host of It's Showtime along with Amy Perez. Weeks later, she confirmed their official participation on the show as main co-hosts.

Personal life
Rodriguez is an American citizen. She married actor-director Robin Padilla at the Taj Mahal in Agra, India on August 19, 2010. They had met on the Philippine noon time variety show Wowowee when Padilla was temporarily a presenter. Rodriguez, a Catholic, did not convert to Islam following her marriage with Padilla, who is a Muslim.

In March 2015, Rodriguez revealed that she had suffered a miscarriage, which would have been her first child with Padilla. In August 2015, Padilla announced that he and Rodriguez were expecting triplets. However, a few weeks after the announcement, a statement was released from Padilla's manager that Rodriguez had suffered a second miscarriage.

On May 21, 2016, on an episode of It's Showtime, Rodriguez announced that she was pregnant for the third time. On August 13, 2016, it was announced that she and Padilla will have a daughter, due in November. Their daughter, Maria Isabella, was born on November 14, 2016, in Delaware. She gave birth to her second child named Maria Gabriela who was born on November 15, 2019, also in the US.

In September 2022, Rodriguez officially signed a contract with AMBS to be part of the new Channel 2 TV station, ALLTV.

title: Mariel Rodriguez


text: User talk:70.35.110.163

title: User talk:70.35.110.163


text:
User:Mewcenary

About Me
My name is Tristan. I am a 30 year old male who lives in Surrey, United Kingdom.

A Computer Science graduate of the University of Southampton, I am a Software Engineer by trade, specialising in the creation of Internet systems in the area of recruitment. I am a Chartered Engineer. My other computing interests include security, Linux and computer games.

Outside the computing world, I play guitar and enjoy writing songs and instrumentals. Some big influences are Dream Theatre, Joe Satriani and Steve Vai. I am a big fan of the technology that Line 6 produces.

I enjoy spending time with my daughter, my girlfriend, and being an amateur Judo player.

My home page may be found at http://www.extricate.org/.

Created pages

 * Compunet, an interactive service provider for the Commodore 64 which operated from 1984 to 1993.

 * MailScanner, a complete e-mail security system designed for use on UNIX e-mail gateways.

Significant work

 * Line 6, a manufacturer of Digital Signal Processing guitar and amplifier devices.

 * Suzuki Bandit Series, a range of motorcycles.

Obscenely detailed list: Special:Contributions/Mewcenary

To Do List

 * Cave article (Econet Multi User Game). XOB Software.

 * Denmead history.

 * Dreamcast European launch party.

 * Federation history.

 * Suzuki Bandit Series.

title: User:Mewcenary


text:
Talk:Protein kinase

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jecgecko.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 07:21, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
this page needs citations

There is already a "kinase" article. "protein kinase" article is redundant

 * You'd probably want to simply add the tag to the article itself.  It says the following:

~GMH ''talk to me 22:37, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Is it really true that the phosphate transfered comes from DNA? I rather thought it comming from ATP. 84.160.239.84 12:00, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

Not redundant,
I'm no expert on this topic, but the kinase article states that not all kinases are protein kinases. Either that statement is false or there's no redundancy.

There is no reference to kinase A, here, yet there is a page for it: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMP-dependent_protein_kinase

I came here looking to be sure that kinase 1 and kinase A were unrelated, not different usages. It certainly seems so, but if someone has more information on that, please do add it here. Ndaniels 17:44, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

I definitely concur - protein kinase is not redundant. Biochemza 18:14, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

Removed the Kin3X link since that site requires registration, and after several months and attempts, I've been unable to get access. Ceolas (talk) 23:53, 5 December 2009 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I propose that Protein kinase be merged into Protein phosphorylation or vice-versa, or at least properly divided and referenced. I think that the content in the Protein kinase article can easily be explained in the context of Protein phosphorylation and the Protein phosphorylation article is of a reasonable size that the merging of Protein kinase will not cause any problems as far as article size or undue weight is concerned. 79.180.161.130 (talk) 07:39, 21 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Protein kinase is a molecule while protein phosphorylation is a process. I think these should remain separate. Aszilagyi (talk) 14:54, 7 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Against, "The diphosphoinositol polyphosphates serve as phosphate donors in non-enzymatic protein phosphorylation ..." Scott T. Brady et al. (bold is mine) Teaktl17 (talk) 22:02, 10 May 2015 (UTC) Also: "Non-enzymatic phosphorylation of bovine serum albumin" by Chellappa Vasant et al. Teaktl17 (talk) 22:09, 10 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Tags removed, agreement here that these should be separate. Opabinia regalis (talk) 06:52, 3 June 2015 (UTC)

"Receptor serine/threonine kinase" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Receptor serine/threonine kinase and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 February 1 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Steel1943 (talk) 06:41, 1 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Protein kinase