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Sabbioneta

Sabbioneta (Subiunèda) is a town and comune in the province of Mantua, Lombardy region, Northern Italy. It is situated about 30 km north of Parma, not far from the northern bank of the Po River. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). It was inscribed in the World Heritage List in 2008.

History
Sabbioneta was founded by Vespasiano I Gonzaga in the late 16th century along the ancient Roman Via Vitelliana, on a sandy bank of the Po (whence the name, meaning "sandy" in Italian); he was its first duke, using it as a personal fortress and residence.

It was also during this period that it became a minor musical centre; composers such as Benedetto Pallavicino (c. 1551–1601) were employed here by Vespasiano Gonzaga, prior to his moving to the main Gonzaga city of Mantua.

Located on an alluvial ground between the Po and Oglio rivers, as well as along the route of the ancient Via Vitelliana, it occupied a strategic position in the heart of the Po Valley. For Vespasiano Gonzaga, Sabbioneta was to be above all a fortress and, at that time, the power of its walls certainly made it one of the most well-equipped bulwarks in Lombardy of Spanish domination.

Sabbioneta was above all the capital of a small state placed between great regional states: the Duchy of Milan to the west, ruled at that time by the Spanish governorate; the Duchy of Mantua to the east, over the River Oglio, governed by ancient line of the Gonzaga, cousins of Vespasiano; the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza to the south of Po, under the domain of Farnese family, supportive of Gonzaga himself.

The territory of the small state of Sabbioneta was mainly concentrated in the eastern extremity of the diocese of Cremona and it represented a necessary crossroads both for trade midway along the Po and for communications between the lowlands of Brescia and Emilia Romagna. The most prosperous period in the history of this city was in its reconstruction years, in which it was under the dominion of Prince Vespasiano I Gonzaga, which also became his residence. Sabbioneta has been honored with the "orange flag" eulogy of the Touring Club of Italy.

Main Sights
The territory features the church of St. Anthony Abbot in the district of Villa Pasquali, designed by Ferdinando Galli-Bibbiena and built by his son Antonio Galli, and the small sanctuary of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Vigoreto that in ancient times was annexed to the convent of the Capuchins. Outside the gunnel city, the district banks of Vespasiano I Gonzaga are also reported: a system of artificial raised parts that enclose the city of Sabbioneta and a wide part of the adjacent council territory, marking a vast ring-like circuit of about twenty kilometers. In 2008, Sabbioneta was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List as a recognition of its perfect example of practical application of Renaissance urban planning theories.

Sabbioneta is also known for its historic Jewish Ghetto and Synagogue, and in particular for its Hebrew printing-press. In 1551 Tobias Foa set up the press; he had, however, published certain "anti-Christian books" and his career was "forcibly ended". His work and possibly his type were taken up by a Christian printer, Vicenzo Conte. Vespasiano Gonzaga's town, designed according to the Renaissance principles of the Ideal City, included:

 * The Ducal Palace (now the Town Hall)
 * The Teatro all'antica ("Theatre in the style of the Ancients"), designed by Vincenzo Scamozzi
 * The Galleria degli Antichi and Palazzo del Giardino: "Gallery of Antiquities" and "Garden Palace" respectively.)
 * Churches of the Assunta and Carmine
 * Chiesa della Beata Vergine Incoronata

The church and the summer palace contain frescoes by artists of the Campi family of Cremona.

World Heritage Site
On 7 July 2008, Sabbioneta, together with Mantua was declared by UNESCO to be a World Heritage Site due to its exceptional nature as a newly founded city built in just over 30 years by the will of Prince Vespasiano I Gonzaga. According to UNESCO, Sabbioneta represents a perfect example of the application of Renaissance theories on how an ideal city should be designed.

The vicissitudes that immediately occurred after the death of Vespasiano, especially the long-standing question of the succession of the small duchy, which divided the heirs for almost a century, as well as the Austrian dominion first and the Napoleonic one later, deprived the city of important buildings, such as the fortress, the armoury and the lunettes placed outside the city wall.

Pillage and confiscation deprived the city of some prestigious features, firstly, the confiscation of the antique collection to the Academy of Mantua in 1772 by the Teresian decree and the burning of the Sala dei Cavalli in the Palazzo Ducale in 1815. The church heritage remains conspicuous, promoted and redeveloped by a policy of recovery and enhancement over the last 25 years.

References in Art
According to the American lawyer and writer Richard Paul Roe, the play A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare was not set in Athens but in Sabbioneta, known as "little Athens" ever since its foundation.

Cinema and Television
In 1970, The Spider's Stratagem by Bernardo Bertolucci was filmed in Sabbioneta. In the film, the village takes on the imaginary name of Tara. Inside the Gallery of the Ancients and in some rooms of the Palace Garden, some scenes of  'Tis Pity She's a Whore, were filmed in 1971. More recently (1980s) in Sabbioneta the shooting of the RAI television show I Promessi Sposi ('The Betrothed') was also filmed: in particular, amid the columns of the Gallery of the Ancients, scenes of the plague were shot.

Also for the French film Marquise, released in 1997 under the direction of Véra Belmont, some scenes were shot in Sabbioneta, as well as for the 1999 film Amore nello specchio by Salvatore Maira, in which the Teatro all'Antica was used.

The second season of the television series I Medici, broadcast in 2018, used Sabbioneta in some scenes to represent Renaissance Florence.

title: Sabbioneta


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Ilala District, Dar es Salaam

Ilala District, officially the Ilala Municipal Council (Halimashauri ya Manispaaa ya Ilala, in Swahili) is one of five districts of the Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. The district is bordered to the north and northeast by Kinondoni District and Ubungo District, to the east by the Zanzibar Channel, the west by Pwani Region, and to the south by the Temeke District. It covers an area of 364.9 km2. The district is comparable in size to the land area of U.S Virgin Islands. The administrative seat is Mchafukoge. The 2012 National Tanzania Census states the population for Ilala as 1,220,611.

Administration
Ilala Municipal Council was one of the first 38 Local Government Authorities to undergo restructuring as part of phase one of the Local Government Reform Programme (LGRP) in order to meet the qualities required by the Local Government Act No. 6 of 1999, which aims to devolve political, legal, administrative, and financial powers to local authorities. Ilala Municipal Council was established in 1992, following a decade of poor performance by the old Dar es Salaam City Council, which caused the government to organize a probe team that produced the Mulokozi Report. Following this analysis, the government decided to reform Dar es Salaam's local government system in 1993.

In 1996, the government disbanded the City Council and established the Dar es Salaam City Commission as an interim administration with the broad mandates of the three restructuring programs. One of the programs was the formation of three new municipal councils, namely Ilala, Temeke, and Kinondoni, with the goal of responding to local demands and conditions for the best service delivery. Thus, on February 1, 2001, the Ilala Municipal Council (together with the citywide authority and the other two municipalities) was formally constituted.

Ilala Municipal Council is organized into three administrative divisions: Ilala, Ukonga, and Kariakoo. The district is divided into wards, which are further subdivided into mitaa. The ward is made up of a set number of mitaa. There are 26 wards and 159 mitaa in the Municipal Council.

The wards are listed below:

 * Buguruni
 * Chanika
 * Gerezani
 * Gongolamboto
 * Ilala
 * Jangwani
 * Kariakoo
 * Kimanga
 * Kinyerezi
 * Kipawa
 * Kitunda
 * Kisutu
 * Kivukoni
 * Kivule
 * Kiwalani
 * Majohe
 * Mchafukoge
 * Mchikichini
 * Msongola
 * Pugu
 * Segerea
 * Tabata
 * Ukonga
 * Upanga East
 * Upanga West
 * Vingunguti

Climate
Temperatures in the municipality range from 26 degrees Celsius in August to 35 degrees Celsius in December and January. During the long rainy season (March - May), the average monthly rainfall is 150mm - 300mm. The rainy season lasts from October through December, with monthly average rainfall ranging from 75mm to 100mm. The altitude of Ilala Municipality, which spans between 0 and 900 meters above sea level, has an impact on the municipality's biological characteristics. As a result, the Municipality is made up of a huge lowland area and a tiny upland zone.

The lowland areas run from the Municipality's Indian Ocean border (Kivukoni ward) to Segerea, Ukonga, and Kitunda wards. Beyond these wards, the minor upland sections of Pugu, Kinyerezi, Chanika, and Msongola wards emerge as small hills or plateaus. Whereas the majority of the Municipality's lowland sections are urban, the upland districts are largely agricultural and peri-urban in nature. The soil in these places is made up of sand, clay, and loam.

Economy
Ilala Municipal Council's main economic activities include retailing businesses such as small and medium-sized shops, hotels, bars, and restaurants, transportation services, clearing and forwarding, agro businesses, medical businesses, handcraft businesses, banking businesses, and construction businesses. These activities employ around 45% of Ilala Municipality's total population.

Infrastructure
The municipal road network is 1215.66 kilometers long. The Ilala Municipal road network is made up of 118.34 kilometers of tarmac, 264.81 kilometers of gravel, and 638.22 kilometers of earth roads, accounting for 62.49% of the entire road network in the municipality. There was no information on road surface type per division. However, the majority of the Municipal's asphalt roads are found in the Kariakoo division, whereas the Ukonga division is largely covered by earth roads.

The primary mode of public transportation is the 'daladala' bus. The majority of them are registered and privately owned daladala in services with a total seating capacity of 25-32 seats. Dar es Salaam's public transportation services are unreliable, uncomfortable, and unsafe. Given the total size of the urban transportation fleet, the maximum daily passenger capacity is predicted to be 4.6 million passenger journeys per day.

Ilala Municipality currently has two modes of railway transportation. Tanzania Railways Corporation (TRC) operates two lines, one from Ilala-Dar es Salaam to Tabora-Kigoma and the other from Tabora-Mwanza. The line was originally built during British colonial administration to transport minerals. It is now taken out for both, primarily for freight carried as opposed to passengers. Tanzania Zambia Railways (TAZARA) connects Ilala Dar es Salaam with Zambia.

Mwalimu Nyerere International Airport is home in the Ilala Municipal Council as the major entrance for incoming and exiting aviation passengers in the country. Tanzania Airport Authority manages the airport.

Agriculture
Farming and livestock are another key economic activity in Ilala Municipality, employing 13% of the population. Cattle, goats, sheep, donkeys, pigs, and chickens are among the livestock kept in the municipality. Fishing in the Indian Ocean also employs a significant number of people in the municipality. Cassava, sweet potatoes, paddy, maize, and cowpeas are among the principal food crops farmed. Cassava is the principal food crop in rural areas, where it is cooked fresh or dried for flour production. Sweet potatoes and paddy are two more food crops grown throughout the lengthy rainy season, particularly in waterlogged areas.

The main cash crops farmed in Ilala Municipal Council include a range of vegetables such as amaranthus, Chinese cabbages, egg plants, okra, kale, and leek (matembele), as well as fruits such as citrus, passionate, pawpaws (papaya), pineapples, mangoes, cucumbers, and cashew nuts. Because of the city's vast population, a market for crop produce exists, and crops can be sold in various marketplaces in Kariakoo, Buguruni, Kisutu, and Chanika.

Ilala Municipal Council is home to a variety of established enterprises. Medium-sized industries that process food, beverages, and textiles are among the most important. Others include small-scale industries that dominate a variety of food and textile products. Small-scale industries include hulling and milling machines, as well as fruit processing machines, which add value to agricultural basic products.

GDP
Dar es Salaam Region offers economic potentials in industrial production and business transactions, with Ilala Municipality being the most important. According to the 2007 Dar es Salaam Regional Profile, the Region contributed around 17% of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) yearly. According to the 2018 Dar es Salaam Regional Profile, the region's income climbed from TZS. 17.5 trillion in 2016 to TZS. 20.1 trillion in 2017, representing a Tsh 2.5 trillion or 12.68% rise. The average yearly per capita income in the Dar es Salaam region increased by 13.4% in 2017 to Sh 4,004,088.70 from Sh 3,227,593.23 in 2016.

Tourism
The National Museum is the main attraction in the Ilala district. The British constructed it as the King George V Memorial Museum in 1940. In 1963, new structures that are now part of the museum were built by Nyerere's government. The museum houses Tanzanian historical documents, marine biology, and ethnography. The museum also houses the skull of Australopithecus Boisei, which was discovered in 1959 in Olduvai Gorge by the late Dr. Leakey. There is also the Makumbusho Village, which is part of the national museum and deals with many traditional Tanzanian ethnic heritage such as culture, dances, housing, as well as other tangible qualities. The District has one forest reserve, the Zingiziwa Mangrove Forest Reserve (100.5 ha)

Demographics
Like most of Dar es Salaam, Ilala is the ancestral home of the Zaramo people and some Ndengereko communities. However, as a result of urbanization, many people from many ethnic backgrounds have emigrated into the municipality, making it tribally diverse. There is no single ethnic group that constitutes more than a quarter of the overall population.

The district has become a cosmopolitan community of people from all over the world. The municipality had a total population of 1,220,611, with 595,928 men and 624,683 females, for a sex ratio of 95. Vingunguti ward had the largest population of 106,946 people, while Kivukoni ward had the smallest number of 6,742 people. Females continue to outnumber males in almost all wards, with the exception of a few wards such as Mchikichini, Kariakoo, Jangwani, Gerezani, Mchafukoge, Kivukoni, and Upanga Magharibi. The municipality had 300,674 households, with an average household size of 4.1 people. Vingunguti Ward continues to have the biggest population of 130,264 people, followed by Kiwalani Ward with 101,104 people, and Kivukoni Ward with 8,716 people.

Population growth rates in Ilala Municipal Council grew from 4.6% in 2002 to 5.6% in 2012. It could be linked to enhanced municipal health services and a higher level of living. Between 2002 and 2012, the Municipality's population density went from an average of 3,022 people per square kilometer to 5,810 persons per square kilometer. Migration into the municipality is another element contributing to the quicker rate of growth. Between 2002 and 2012, the population of Ilala Municipality increased by 92.2%, from 634,924 to 1,220,611. This increase has an impact on the provision of social services to all Ilala Municipality stakeholders. The rise was substantially greater in the Ukonga division, which increased by 475,778 individuals during the two inter-census periods.

According to the 2012 Population and Housing Census, Ilala Municipality had 300,674 households divided into 26 wards, with Vingunguti ward having the most households (28,994 households). Table 3 shows that Kivukoni ward has the fewest households (1,343 households). This is owing in part to the fact that the majority of the buildings in this region are Government Offices, with very few residential buildings. According to the 2012 Population and Housing Census, the sex ratio for Ilala Municipality was 95, suggesting that the municipality had more females than males. Kariakoo ward had the highest sex ratio (113), while Kimanga ward had the lowest (90).

Health
Ilala District has 142 health care facilities. The total number of public Privately held dispensaries made for 77.5% of all dispensaries in Ilala Municipality. and only 22.5% were owned by the government. The district has six health centers and one large public hospital. Most common illnesses in the district are Upper respiratory infection, malaria, urinary tract infection, hypertension, and non-severe pneumonia were the most commonly reported causes of morbidity for outpatients in 2015 and 2018.

Education
The municipality contains 237 pre-primary schools, 121 of which are government-run and 116 of which are privately operated. In 2018, the Municipality has 235 primary schools, with 120 being government-run and 115 being privately owned. There are 98 secondary schools in the Municipal Council. There are 51 public schools and 47 private schools among these.In terms of secondary school enrollment, there were 67,652 students enrolled in 2018. Girls made up 52.4% of those enrolled in secondary schools, while boys made up the remaining 47.6%. The Municipal Council is home to nine Higher Learning Institutions, six of which are government-run and three of which are privately held.

Notable people
Dr. Rodrick Kazembe (Software Engineer)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ilala District, Dar es Salaam


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CMBC

CMBC may refer to:
 * Canadian Mennonite Bible College, one of three colleges that merged in 1990 to form Canadian Mennonite University
 * Coast Mountain Bus Company, the main contract operator for bus transit services in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
 * China Minsheng Bank, China Minsheng Banking Corporation Limited 中国民生银行股份有限公司

title: CMBC


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Terry Moran

Terry Moran is an American journalist, currently Senior National Correspondent at ABC News. Based in Washington, D.C., Moran covers national politics and policy, reporting from the Trump White House, the Supreme Court, and the campaign trail for all ABC News programs. Previously, Moran served as ABC's Chief Foreign Correspondent from 2013-2018; as co-anchor of the ABC News show Nightline from 2005-2013; and as Chief White House Correspondent from 1999-2005.

Biography
Moran was born in Chicago, Illinois and grew up in Mount Prospect, Illinois and Barrington Hills, Illinois. He graduated from Lawrence University in 1982, where he majored in English and edited the school newspaper, The Lawrentian. After leaving Lawrence, Moran received a Thomas J. Watson Fellowship for "purposeful, independent exploration outside the United States, awarded to graduating seniors nominated by one of 40 partner colleges." Moran's project focused on economic development, with an emphasis on foreign capital investment, in four rural communities of the West of Ireland.

Career

Moran began his journalism career at The New Republic magazine and then worked as a reporter and editor at the Washington D.C.-based Legal Times. From 1992 through 1997, Moran worked as a news correspondent and anchor for Court TV, where he rose to national prominence covering the trials in Los Angeles of Lyle and Erik Menéndez and O. J. Simpson, as well as for his reporting on the Bosnian war crimes trials at The Hague and the U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearings for justices Clarence Thomas, Stephen Breyer, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg.

Moran joined ABC News in 1997. After having served as the primary correspondent assigned to the U.S. Supreme Court from 1998 to 1999, he was ABC News' Chief White House Correspondent from September 1999 to November 2005, covering the presidencies of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. Prior to his White House assignment, Moran covered Vice President Al Gore's presidential campaign.

As co-anchor of Nightline, Moran continued his political coverage, reporting on the presidential campaigns of 2008 and 2012, the rise of the Tea Party, and other major developments. He also traveled frequently overseas, covering the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the "Arab Spring" uprisings in Egypt, Libya, and Syria. As ABC's Chief Foreign Correspondent, Moran led the network's coverage on major international stories, from Brexit, to the migrant crisis in Europe, to the civil wars Syria and Ukraine, to major terror attacks in London, Paris, Brussels, Berlin, and elsewhere.

Over the years, Moran's journalism work has been recognized with many awards, including the George Foster Peabody Award, the Emmy Award, the Merriman Smith Award from the White House Correspondents' Association (twice), and the Thurgood Marshall Journalism Award.

When he was named ABC's Chief Foreign Correspondent, the then-president of ABC News Ben Sherwood said, "Terry's range as a reporter is exceptional. He is equally adept interviewing a confessed hit man in one of Mexico's most notorious gangs as he is breaking down some of the most complex Supreme Court decisions...A brilliant writer and gifted storyteller, Terry has the ability to see the story no one else sees, explain its importance to the audience, and do it all in a stylish and compelling way."

Personal
Moran married twice. He married his first wife Karen Osler in the late 1980s. In 2015, he became engaged to his second wife, Johanna Cox, a Chinese language linguist and China intelligence analyst who previously worked as a journalist at Elle magazine. She was the winner of the reality TV show Stylista. The couple has three children. Moran also has a child from his first marriage.

title: Terry Moran


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Isotopic signature

An isotopic signature (also isotopic fingerprint) is a ratio of non-radiogenic 'stable isotopes', stable radiogenic isotopes, or unstable radioactive isotopes of particular elements in an investigated material. The ratios of isotopes in a sample material are measured by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry against an isotopic reference material. This process is called isotope analysis.

Stable isotopes
The atomic mass of different isotopes affect their chemical kinetic behavior, leading to natural isotope separation processes.

Carbon isotopes
For example, different sources and sinks of methane have different affinity for the 12C and 13C isotopes, which allows distinguishing between different sources by the 13C/12C ratio in methane in the air. In geochemistry, paleoclimatology and paleoceanography this ratio is called δ13C. The ratio is calculated with respect to Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB) standard:

Similarly, carbon in inorganic carbonates shows little isotopic fractionation, while carbon in materials originated by photosynthesis is depleted of the heavier isotopes. In addition, there are two types of plants with different biochemical pathways; the C3 carbon fixation, where the isotope separation effect is more pronounced, C4 carbon fixation, where the heavier 13C is less depleted, and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) plants, where the effect is similar but less pronounced than with C4 plants. Isotopic fractionation in plants is caused by physical (slower diffusion of 13C in plant tissues due to increased atomic weight) and biochemical (preference of 12C by two enzymes: RuBisCO and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) factors. The different isotope ratios for the two kinds of plants propagate through the food chain, thus it is possible to determine if the principal diet of a human or an animal consists primarily of C3 plants (rice, wheat, soybeans, potatoes) or C4 plants (corn, or corn-fed beef) by isotope analysis of their flesh and bone collagen (however, to obtain more accurate determinations, carbon isotopic fractionation must be also taken into account, since several studies have reported significant 13C discrimination during biodegradation of simple and complex substrates). Within C3 plants processes regulating changes in δ13C are well understood, particularly at the leaf level, but also during wood formation. Many recent studies combine leaf level isotopic fractionation with annual patterns of wood formation (i.e. tree ring δ13C) to quantify the impacts of climatic variations and atmospheric composition on physiological processes of individual trees and forest stands. The next phase of understanding, in terrestrial ecosystems at least, seems to be the combination of multiple isotopic proxies to decipher interactions between plants, soils and the atmosphere, and predict how changes in land use will affect climate change. Similarly, marine fish contain more 13C than freshwater fish, with values approximating the C4 and C3 plants respectively.

The ratio of carbon-13 and carbon-12 isotopes in these types of plants is as follows:
 * C4 plants: $-16 ‰$
 * CAM plants: $-20 ‰$
 * C3 plants: $-33 ‰$

Limestones formed by precipitation in seas from the atmospheric carbon dioxide contain normal proportion of 13C. Conversely, calcite found in salt domes originates from carbon dioxide formed by oxidation of petroleum, which due to its plant origin is 13C-depleted. The layer of limestone deposited at the Permian extinction 252 Mya can be identified by the 1% drop in 13C/12C.

The 14C isotope is important in distinguishing biosynthetized materials from man-made ones. Biogenic chemicals are derived from biospheric carbon, which contains 14C. Carbon in artificially made chemicals is usually derived from fossil fuels like coal or petroleum, where the 14C originally present has decayed below detectable limits. The amount of 14C currently present in a sample therefore indicates the proportion of carbon of biogenic origin.

Nitrogen isotopes
Nitrogen-15, or 15N, is often used in agricultural and medical research, for example in the Meselson–Stahl experiment to establish the nature of DNA replication. An extension of this research resulted in development of DNA-based stable-isotope probing, which allows examination of links between metabolic function and taxonomic identity of microorganisms in the environment, without the need for culture isolation. Proteins can be isotopically labelled by cultivating them in a medium containing 15N as the only source of nitrogen, e.g., in quantitative proteomics such as SILAC.

Nitrogen-15 is extensively used to trace mineral nitrogen compounds (particularly fertilizers) in the environment. When combined with the use of other isotopic labels, 15N is also a very important tracer for describing the fate of nitrogenous organic pollutants. Nitrogen-15 tracing is an important method used in biogeochemistry.

The ratio of stable nitrogen isotopes, 15N/14N or δ15N, tends to increase with trophic level, such that herbivores have higher nitrogen isotope values than plants, and carnivores have higher nitrogen isotope values than herbivores. Depending on the tissue being examined, there tends to be an increase of 3-4 parts per thousand with each increase in trophic level. The tissues and hair of vegans therefore contain significantly lower δ15N than the bodies of people who eat mostly meat. Similarly, a terrestrial diet produces a different signature than a marine-based diet. Isotopic analysis of hair is an important source of information for archaeologists, providing clues about the ancient diets and differing cultural attitudes to food sources.

A number of other environmental and physiological factors can influence the nitrogen isotopic composition at the base of the food web (i.e. in plants) or at the level of individual animals. For example, in arid regions, the nitrogen cycle tends to be more 'open' and prone to the loss of 14N, increasing δ15N in soils and plants. This leads to relatively high δ15N values in plants and animals in hot and arid ecosystems relative to cooler and moister ecosystems. Furthermore, elevated δ15N have been linked to the preferential excretion of 14N and reutilization of already enriched 15N tissues in the body under prolonged water stress conditions or insufficient protein intake.

δ15N also provides a diagnostic tool in planetary science as the ratio exhibited in atmospheres and surface materials "is closely tied to the conditions under which materials form".

Oxygen isotopes
Oxygen occurs naturally in three variants, but 17O is so rare that it is very difficult to detect (~0.04% abundant). The ratio of 18O/16O in water depends on the amount of evaporation the water experienced (as 18O is heavier and therefore less likely to vaporize). As the vapor tension depends on the concentration of dissolved salts, the 18O/16O ratio shows correlation on the salinity and temperature of water. As oxygen is incorporated into the shells of calcium carbonate-secreting organisms, such sediments provide a chronological record of temperature and salinity of the water in the area.

The oxygen isotope ratio in the atmosphere varies predictably with time of year and geographic location; e.g. there is a 2% difference between 18O-rich precipitation in Montana and 18O-depleted precipitation in Florida Keys. This variability can be used for approximate determination of geographic location of origin of a material; e.g. it is possible to determine where a shipment of uranium oxide was produced. The rate of exchange of surface isotopes with the environment has to be taken in account.

The oxygen isotopic signatures of solid samples (organic and inorganic) are usually measured with pyrolysis and mass spectrometry. Improper or prolonged storage of samples can lead to inaccurate measurements.

Sulfur Isotopes
Sulfur has four stable isotopes, 32S, 33S, 34S, and 36S, of which 32S is the most abundant by a large margin due to the fact it is created by the very common 12C in supernovas. Sulfur isotope ratios are almost always expressed as ratios relative to 32S due to this major relative abundance (95.0%). Sulfur isotope fractionations are usually measured in terms of δ34S due to its higher abundance (4.25%) compared to the other stable isotopes of sulfur, though δ33S is also sometimes measured. Differences in sulfur isotope ratios are thought to exist primarily due to kinetic fractionation during reactions and transformations.

Sulfur isotopes are generally measured against standards; prior to 1993, the Canyon Diablo troilite standard (abbreviated to CDT), which has a 32S:34S equal to 22.220, was used as both a reference material and the zero point for the isotopic scale. Since 1993, the Vienna-CDT standard has been used as a zero point, and there are several materials used as reference materials for sulfur isotope measurements. Sulfur fractionations by natural processes measured against these standards have been shown to exist between −72‰ and +147‰, as calculated by the following equation:

As a very redox-active element, sulfur can be useful for recording major chemistry-altering events throughout Earth's history, such as marine evaporites which reflect the change in the atmosphere's redox state brought about by the Oxygen Crisis.

Lead isotopes
Lead consists of four stable isotopes: 204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb, and 208Pb. Local variations in uranium/thorium/lead content cause a wide location-specific variation of isotopic ratios for lead from different localities. Lead emitted to the atmosphere by industrial processes has an isotopic composition different from lead in minerals. Combustion of gasoline with tetraethyllead additive led to formation of ubiquitous micrometer-sized lead-rich particulates in car exhaust smoke; especially in urban areas the man-made lead particles are much more common than natural ones. The differences in isotopic content in particles found in objects can be used for approximate geolocation of the object's origin.

Radioactive isotopes
Hot particles, radioactive particles of nuclear fallout and radioactive waste, also exhibit distinct isotopic signatures. Their radionuclide composition (and thus their age and origin) can be determined by mass spectrometry or by gamma spectrometry. For example, particles generated by a nuclear blast contain detectable amounts of 60Co and 152Eu. The Chernobyl accident did not release these particles but did release 125Sb and 144Ce. Particles from underwater bursts will consist mostly of irradiated sea salts. Ratios of 152Eu/155Eu, 154Eu/155Eu, and 238Pu/239Pu are also different for fusion and fission nuclear weapons, which allows identification of hot particles of unknown origin.

Uranium has a relatively constant isotope ratio in all natural samples with ~0.72%, some 55 ppm (in secular equilibrium with its parent nuclide ), and the balance made up by. Isotopic compositions that diverge significantly from those values are evidence for the uranium having been subject to depletion or enrichment in some fashion or of (part of it) having participated in a nuclear fission reaction. While the latter is almost as universally due to human influence as the former two, the natural nuclear fission reactor at Oklo, Gabon was detected through a significant diversion of concentration in samples from Oklo compared to those of all other known deposits on earth. Given that is a material of proliferation concern then as now every IAEA-approved supplier of Uranium fuel keeps track of the isotopic composition of uranium to ensure none is diverted for nefarious purposes. It would thus become apparent quickly if another Uranium deposit besides Oklo proves to have once been a natural nuclear fission reactor.

Archaeological studies
In archaeological studies, stable isotope ratios have been used to track diet within the time span formation of analyzed tissues (10–15 years for bone collagen and intra-annual periods for tooth enamel bioapatite) from individuals; "recipes" of foodstuffs (ceramic vessel residues); locations of cultivation and types of plants grown (chemical extractions from sediments); and migration of individuals (dental material).

Forensics
With the advent of stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry, isotopic signatures of materials find increasing use in forensics, distinguishing the origin of otherwise similar materials and tracking the materials to their common source. For example, the isotope signatures of plants can be to a degree influenced by the growth conditions, including moisture and nutrient availability. In case of synthetic materials, the signature is influenced by the conditions during the chemical reaction. The isotopic signature profiling is useful in cases where other kinds of profiling, e.g. characterization of impurities, are not optimal. Electronics coupled with scintillator detectors are routinely used to evaluate isotope signatures and identify unknown sources.

A study was published demonstrating the possibility of determination of the origin of a common brown PSA packaging tape by using the carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen isotopic signature of the backing polymer, additives, and adhesive.

Measurement of carbon isotopic ratios can be used for detection of adulteration of honey. Addition of sugars originated from corn or sugar cane (C4 plants) skews the isotopic ratio of sugars present in honey, but does not influence the isotopic ratio of proteins; in an unadulterated honey the carbon isotopic ratios of sugars and proteins should match. As low as 7% level of addition can be detected.

Nuclear explosions form 10Be by a reaction of fast neutrons with 13C in the carbon dioxide in air. This is one of the historical indicators of past activity at nuclear test sites.

Solar System origins
Isotopic fingerprints are used to study the origin of materials in the Solar System. For example, the Moon's oxygen isotopic ratios seem to be essentially identical to Earth's. Oxygen isotopic ratios, which may be measured very precisely, yield a unique and distinct signature for each Solar System body. Different oxygen isotopic signatures can indicate the origin of material ejected into space. The Moon's titanium isotope ratio (50Ti/47Ti) appears close to the Earth's (within 4 ppm). In 2013, a study was released that indicated water in lunar magma was 'indistinguishable' from carbonaceous chondrites and nearly the same as Earth's, based on the composition of water isotopes.

Records of early life on Earth
Isotope biogeochemistry has been used to investigate the timeline surrounding life and its earliest iterations on Earth. Isotopic fingerprints typical of life, preserved in sediments, have been used to suggest, but do not necessarily prove, that life was already in existence on Earth by 3.85 billion years ago.

Sulfur isotope evidence has also been used to corroborate the timing of the Great Oxidation Event, during which the Earth's atmosphere experienced a measurable rise in oxygen (to about 9% of modern values ) for the first time about 2.3–2.4 billion years ago. Mass-independent sulfur isotope fractionations are found to be widespread in the geologic record before about 2.45 billion years ago, and these isotopic signatures have since ceded to mass-dependent fractionation, providing strong evidence that the atmosphere shifted from anoxic to oxygenated at that threshold.

Modern sulfate-reducing bacteria are known to favorably reduce lighter 32S instead of 34S, and the presence of these microorganisms can measurably alter the sulfur isotope composition of the ocean. Because the δ34S values of sulfide minerals is primarily influenced by the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria, the absence of sulfur isotope fractionations in sulfide minerals suggests the absence of these bacterial processes or the absence of freely available sulfate. Some have used this knowledge of microbial sulfur fractionation to suggest that minerals (namely pyrite) with large sulfur isotope fractionations relative to the inferred seawater composition may be evidence of life. This claim is not clear-cut, however, and is sometimes contested using geologic evidence from the ~3.49 Ga sulfide minerals found in the Dresser Formation of Western Australia, which are found to have δ34S values as negative as −22‰. Because it has not been proven that the sulfide and barite minerals formed in the absence of major hydrothermal input, it is not conclusive evidence of life or of the microbial sulfate reduction pathway in the Archean.

title: Isotopic signature


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User talk:Plober

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 03:44, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

The period
I put the period back in formulas at Solenoidal vector field, as that's how it should be per the math style manual; and this was discussed a while ago at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mathematics.

And one note, it is good to use an edit summary, it helps others understand what you do, thanks. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 17:17, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Plober


text:
Playa Balandra

Playa Balandra is a beach located on the Baja California Sur peninsula of Mexico in La Paz. It is located on the Eastern side of the peninsula, but faces west, as the southern tip comes up. This beach is located on Balandra Bay. The water is very shallow, allowing visitors to walk across the bay to the other side. There are also many sandbanks located on this bay.

Since May 2020, due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, the beach allows for only 120 visitors per day. It is recommended by local guides in La Paz to drive up at 6am (earlier on the weekends) to have a chance to enter Playa Balandra. Another option is to take a local boat tour that takes visitors to the other beaches along Balandra Bay.

title: Playa Balandra


text:
Talk:HTS

This article has been renamed as the result of a move request. Hts -> HTS. Dragons flight 23:58, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:HTS


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Carver Engineering and Science

Carver Engineering and Science (formerly George Washington Carver High School of Engineering and Science) is a secondary school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Description
Carver Engineering and Science, which is operated by the School District of Philadelphia, handles grades 7 through 12. Carver Engineering and Science is a magnet school with a curriculum that specializes in science and technology, including a middle school program with 60 spaces for 8th grade and 60 spaces for 7th grade. The goal of the curriculum is to produce graduates who will be successful in their pursuit of higher education in specific subjects.

The High School of Engineering and Science was a dream of its founder and principal Dr. Alvin Garblik. The first class began in 1979, and had a strict dress code and curriculum.

Those that were in the first class attended classes in Stauffer Hall, a ten-story building no longer in existence, then located at the Southeast corner of Broad Street and Columbia Avenue (now Cecil B. Moore Avenue) on the Temple University campus. The school moved between the 1982-83 and 1983-84 school years to its current 17th and Norris location, which had previously been the George Washington Carver Elementary School.

It was Dr. Garblik's belief that students should come to school dressed and act in a way that modeled real life in the business world. Five years later, a student made a call to the ACLU, who had the requirement that boys wear neckties withdrawn, explaining to the administration at the time that they were violating the Philadelphia Public Schools Charter.

The first year students enjoyed higher end classes learning advanced Chinese, physics and computer sciences.

"High School of Engineering and Science is a small, nurturing, special-admissions school, seeking to attract academically-talented students who have an interest in science, engineering and technology." --- The mission statement of High School of Engineering & Science

The School as of 2019, has also received 2 blue ribbon awards of excellence.

The principal is Darryl Johnson.

Notable people

 * Michael Anderson, professional basketball player
 * John Cox, Venezuelan-American professional basketball player
 * Gene Demby, NPR reporter and podcast host
 * Lynn Greer, professional basketball player
 * Keisha Hampton, WNBA basketball player
 * Marc Lamont Hill (born 1978), academic, television personality
 * Brittany Hrynko, WNBA basketball player

title: Carver Engineering and Science


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wisdomsource

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. -R. fiend 14:55, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Wisdomsource
Blatant, blatant ad. Wording seems to be tweaked just enough from their web page that it's not a speedy delete copyvio. Did I mention it was a blatant ad? No? Bunchofgrapes 03:45, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete as advertising.--Alhutch 06:17, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete more empowerment.    Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   07:29, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ad. utcursch | talk 11:35, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as badvertising Qaz  ( talk ) 05:20, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Significant revisions have been made to remove advertising content and replace with factual descriptions of company and its vision & products. Please reconsider deletion. User:Pdubuc 21:01, 10 October 2005 (PST)
 * Nice job on the wikiformatting; I appreciate the work you've put into the page. I'm sorry to say that it still smells very much like an ad, though, so my nominator's Delete opinion is unchanged. Most of the page still sounds like a press release or corporate website, not an encylopedia article. Bunchofgrapes (talk) 15:00, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Hello Bunchofgrapes, I have taken another pass at the Wikipedia entry for the company, WisdomSource. Like Wikipedia, it is a story that needs to be told and Wikipedia is, I believe, the right place to tell their story. What ideas do you have to make it better? Let me know & I will implement them; and then we should be good to go. Thanks! - Paul Dubuc, MA, PMP, 604 313 4126. [User:Pdubuc|Pdubuc]] 04:59, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Most of the article should be eliminated or replaced with simple, straightforward facts about the products you sell and what they do. Again, simple, straightforward facts. The prose currently on the page is a searingly painful-to-read marriage of corporate-speak and new-age mumbo-jumbo. Honstly, even if you made the changes, I'm not sure that a company of 15 people (including resellers) and $1M revenues is notable enough for an article. I don't think Wikipedia is the right place to tell this story. I do appreciate the terrific effort you have put into this.Bunchofgrapes (talk) 15:17, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advertising. Gamaliel 06:18, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:69.158.1.180

title: User talk:69.158.1.180


text:
Michael Sachs (rabbi)

Michael Yechiel Sachs (מיכאל יחיאל זַקש; 3 September 1808 – 31 January 1864) was a Prussian rabbi from Groß-Glogau, Silesia.

Life
He was one of the first Jewish graduates from the modern universities, earning a Ph.D. degree in 1836. He was appointed Rabbi in Prague in 1836, and in Berlin in 1844. He took the conservative side against the Reform agitation, and so strongly opposed the introduction of the organ into the Synagogue that he retired from the Rabbinate rather than acquiesce.

Sachs was one of the greatest preachers of his age, and published two volumes of Sermons (Predigten, 1866–1891). He co-operated with Leopold Zunz in a new translation of the Bible. Sachs is best remembered for his work on Hebrew poetry, Religiöse Poesie der Juden in Spanien (1845); his more ambitious critical work (Beiträge zur Sprach- und Alterthumsforschung, 2 vols., 1852–1854) is of less lasting value. He turned his poetic gifts to admirable account in his translation of the Festival Prayers (Machzor, 9 vols., 1855), a new feature of which was the metrical rendering of the medieval Hebrew hymns. Another very popular work by Sachs contains poetic paraphrases of Rabbinic legends (Stimmen vom Jordan und Euphrat, 1853).

Publications

 * Sachs, Michael, Die religiöse Poesie der Juden in Spanien, Berlin: Veit, 1845.
 * Sachs, Michael, Stimmen vom Jordan und Euphrat: ein Buch fürs Haus, Frankfurt upon Main: Kauffmann, 1891
 * Sachs, Michael, Predigten, edited by David Rosin from the bequest of Sachs, Berlin: Gerschel, 1866-1869.
 * Sachs, Michael, Beiträge zur Sprach- und Alterthumsforschung: aus jüdischen Quellen: 2 parts, Berlin: Veit, 1852 and 1854.

title: Michael Sachs (rabbi)


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Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye

Nouradine Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye (نور الدين دلوا كوماكوي; born December 31, 1949 ) is a Chadian politician and the head of the National Rally for Development and Progress (VIVA-RNDP) political party. After serving as a minister in the government during the 1980s and early 1990s; he was Prime Minister of Chad from November 6, 1993 to April 8, 1995 and again from February 26, 2007 to April 16, 2008. In 2008, he became President of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council.

Biography
Koumakoye was born in Bongor in southern Chad. From August 1975 to March 1979, he was Advisor for Administrative, Economic, and Financial Affairs at the Presidency of the Republic, and from January 1976 to June 1976 he was Director of the Technical Cabinet of the President of the Republic. He subsequently served in the government as Minister of Justice from June 1981 to May 1982 and became President of the Democratic and Popular National Rally (RNDP) on February 4, 1982.

As a judge, Koumakoye sentenced rebel leader Hissène Habré to death; later, however, Koumakoye became Minister of Public Works, Housing, and Urban Planning under Habré's presidency in August 1987. He served in that post until April 1988; subsequently he was Minister of Justice from April 1988 to March 1989, Minister of Post and Telecommunications from March 1989 to October 1990, and Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research from October 1990 to December 1990.

Following Habré's ouster in December 1990, Koumakoye became President of the National Rally for Development and Progress (VIVA-RNDP) in January 1992, when it was founded. At the Sovereign National Conference in early 1993, he was a candidate to head the presidium but was defeated by Adoum Helbongo in a vote by delegates. Fidèle Moungar was chosen as transitional Prime Minister at the National Conference and Koumakoye became a member of his government, serving as Minister of Communications and Government Spokesman from April 1993 to June 1993 and as Minister of Justice from June 1993 to November 1993. He was then elected by Superior Council of the Transition (Conseil Supérieur de Transition, CST) as prime minister on November 6, 1993, replacing Moungar. After being elected, Koumakoye announced plans to reduce the size of the army by almost half; he also hoped to reach a social pact with the trade unions and to hold talks with rebels aimed at national reconciliation, in addition to making preparations for the multiparty elections intended to conclude the transitional period. His government was appointed on November 14, and it included nine members of Moungar's government; despite the presence of some members of the opposition, Koumakoye's government was dominated by the Patriotic Salvation Movement of President Idriss Déby.

After Koumakoye indicated his intention to run for President in the planned elections, President Déby asked the CST to change the transitional charter so that the Prime Minister could not run, and the CST accordingly did so in late March 1995. On April 8, 1995, the CST removed Koumakoye from his post as prime minister and chose Koibla Djimasta to replace him. In March 1996, Koumakoye was arrested for alleged illegal weapons possession and sentenced to three months in prison; according to Amnesty International, the trial was unfair and apparently intended to keep Koumakoye from contesting the election. In the presidential election, held in June 1996, he was nevertheless a candidate and received 2.29% of the vote, placing ninth.

He ran again in the May 2001 presidential election, taking 2.36% of the vote and sixth place. Koumakoye's primary support base is in Tandjilé in the south.

In the 2002 parliamentary election, Koumakoye was elected to the National Assembly of Chad as an VIVA-RNDP candidate from Kélo constituency in Tandjilé Ouest Department. and he became President of the External Affairs and International Cooperation Commission in the National Assembly. From March 2004 to August 2006, he was a member of the Pan-African Parliament. In the presidential election held on May 3, 2006, which was boycotted by most of the opposition, Koumakoye came in second place with 15.13% of the vote according to final official results, far behind Déby; this was, however, a significant improvement over the 8% of the vote credited to him in the provisional results. On May 29, shortly after the final results were announced, he congratulated Déby on winning the election.

On August 15, 2006, Koumakoye was appointed to the government as Minister of State for Regional Planning, Town Planning, and Housing, serving in that position until he was appointed as prime minister for the second time on February 26, 2007, a few days after the death of Pascal Yoadimnadji.

On April 15, 2008, Youssouf Abbas Saleh was appointed to replace Koumakoye as prime minister. It was reported that Koumakoye was dismissed because he opposed the implementation of the agreement signed by political parties of the ruling majority and the opposition in August 2007; the agreement involved a number of reforms and was intended to lead to a new parliamentary election in 2009. Déby then appointed Koumakoye as a member of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council on April 24, 2008, and Koumakoye became the Council's President.

title: Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye


text:
Talk:Tawûsî Melek

Uniqueness of bird depiction

 * The Yazidis are thought to be unique in their depiction of their primary god as a bird.

Really? Christians have historically often depicted Jesus as a phoenix. I'm removing this until at the very least there's a source for this claim.--Pharos 03:48, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Of course Jesus isn't the creator, so I can't say I agree with this objection. --Qaphsiel 20:34, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Er... Prototokos? Through whom all things were made?82.6.24.231 (talk) 03:59, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

Christians sometimes present jesus as a phoneix, but thats hardly at all the same. Malik Taus /is/ a peacock, he's not merely represented as one Nygdan -January 17 2006
 * What about the depiction of the Holy Spirit as a dove? 130.127.119.37 18:11, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

Suspicions
I am very suspicious about the entire content of this article. Especially the use of cuneiform symbols in the image since its use became extinct 3 millenium ago.82.6.24.231 (talk) 03:53, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

Malak, non Malik
In Arabic language (and the other from Arabic derived) the word for "angel" is malak (pl. malā'ika ) while malik (pl. muluk ) means "king". No confusion is possible, although both of them show the identical consonantal frame: . So the expression Malak Ṭā'ūs means only "Peacock Angel", not "Peacock King". --Cloj 09:30, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The word "tā'ūs", though having the meaning "peacock" in Persian and related languages, is in fact a cognate of the Latin word deus, meaning "god". "Malak Taus" thus literally means "God's Angel" or "God-Angel". Tajik (talk) 18:21, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

Tawûsê Melek
Err... given that the name of "Melek Tawus" is actually Tawûsê Melek, shouldn't we move the page to Tawûsê Melek (or Tawuse Melek) and make Melek Tawus/Taus/Taws redirects to it? Cf. the Kurdish version of this wikipedia page.

NBC
Conspiracy theorists would have a field day with this.

If MSNBC knew about this, perhaps they would have chosen another mascot. Ha ha!

There are also some depictions of Melek Taus as a bull, but I'm not sure why exactly. Anyone know? -Knowl -<(I am questing for Knowledge!) (talk) 08:22, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

New Age section
I removed this section, as it has no reliable sources and its importance to the article's subject isn't established (I think it's nonexistent). It was restored twice by another user, who requested that citation requests be placed instead, but I don't see that the section has any value at all. --Cúchullain t/ c 14:00, 3 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I find your sentiment strange. Why is it that a new age reference, or this particular reference, doesn't have "any value at all"? __meco (talk) 16:33, 3 July 2010 (UTC)
 * The better question is, why is it important to the article subject? I don't see that it is, especially as there are no reliable sources showing it to be.--Cúchullain t/ c 22:23, 3 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Now you are conflating two very separate issues. I would say that old religions as well as new ones are both significant. The new age references were related to a pagan sect which is notable by the fact that it has an article on it. I am quite unable to wrap my head around the notion that what this notable neo-pagan group writes about how Melek Taus features in their rituals and lore should be intrinsically of no interest. I can accept that it is of no interest to any one particular editor, but not how it can be asserted that it is irrelevant for this article. Now, the second, separate issue is whether sources supplied to reference the text that was inserted are acceptable per WP standards. I'm sure we could have a nice discussion on this issue, but as it is subordinate to the first I'll defer that discussion until I have come to grips with the reasoning you still haven't presented on the first issue, now extrapolated by me. __meco (talk) 22:37, 3 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I think you're putting the cart before the horse here. The Feri Tradition use of Melek Taus could be noteworthy enough to include in this article, if there were reliable sources attesting to it. Such sources could exist, but I doubt it; Google Books returns exactly zero hits for "Melek Taus"+Feri, and Google Scholar returns nothing useful either.--Cúchullain t/ c 23:23, 3 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Since www.feritradition.org is used in several place to reference Feri Tradition itself, apparently being run by the founder of the BlueRose Feri line, I see no reason to assume that this site does not represent the Feri tradition. This would be comparable with the general provision in WP:RS where the section Self-published and questionable sources as sources on themselves states:
 * This clearly applies to the edit that you want removed. __meco (talk) 07:29, 4 July 2010 (UTC)
 * This isn't an article about the Feri tradition, so it doesn't apply. WP:SPS on the verifiability policy discusses just this kind of thing: "Anyone can create a website or pay to have a book published, then claim to be an expert in a certain field. For that reason self-published media—including but not limited to books, newsletters, personal websites, open wikis, personal or group blogs, Internet forum postings, and tweets—are largely not acceptable." And, "Self-published material may in some circumstances be acceptable when produced by an established expert on the topic of the article whose work in the relevant field has previously been published by reliable third-party publications." Unless Storm Faerywolf has some kind of advanced degree in Middle Eastern studies, or previous worked published in academic journals, there is no reason to use them here.--Cúchullain t/ c 14:31, 4 July 2010 (UTC)
 * This isn't an article about the Feri tradition, so it doesn't apply. WP:SPS on the verifiability policy discusses just this kind of thing: "Anyone can create a website or pay to have a book published, then claim to be an expert in a certain field. For that reason self-published media—including but not limited to books, newsletters, personal websites, open wikis, personal or group blogs, Internet forum postings, and tweets—are largely not acceptable." And, "Self-published material may in some circumstances be acceptable when produced by an established expert on the topic of the article whose work in the relevant field has previously been published by reliable third-party publications." Unless Storm Faerywolf has some kind of advanced degree in Middle Eastern studies, or previous worked published in academic journals, there is no reason to use them here.--Cúchullain t/ c 14:31, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Anu
On the Melek Taus picture, the Cuneiform that looks like four plunger's is the same cuneiform that was used for Anu, father of the gods in Sumerian mythology. Anu was the father of Enki and Enlil. What does this possibly mean? Where is the connection here? 178.201.17.154 (talk) 06:42, 26 July 2011 (UTC)
 * So it means that Anu is Satan, and Enki and Enlil are Leviathan and Behemoth, respectively. 178.201.17.154 (talk) 23:18, 27 October 2011 (UTC)
 * It's a modern interpretation so what does it matter? Sumerian has been a dead language since about 2600 BCE, so that's not really relevant to anything.  Ogress  smash!  07:50, 28 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Also, that interpretation is original research (which we don't accept), and it completely ignores that the identification between Melek Taus and Satan is considered erroneous and sectarian: Melek Taus is the favorite servant of God in Yazidiism, Satan is more commonly an enemy of God in the Abrahamic religions. Furthermore, it ignores that the Dingir symbol was used as a general marker for "deity."  Ian.thomson (talk) 12:04, 28 October 2011 (UTC)

What "some Christians, Muslims and others" think
Is there a source for "Some Christians, Muslims and others identify Tawûsê Melek as Lucifer or Satan"? note 4 doesn't work and note 5 is not relevant to this statement. --Richardson mcphillips (talk) 18:26, 19 June 2014 (UTC)
 * If you look at some numeric books in french language dated between 1500 and 2000, you will see that yezidi are described and known by muslish only as adorateur du diable, because yezidi do not want to blaspheme the malek-taus. So, yes, there is some source, at least for the muslish considerations.
 * But the Christian approach is different, as they were interested by converting them to Christan religion: when they use tex expression adorateur du diable, it is only a reuse of the arabic expression.
 * the iranian encylopedi also give such meaning to this angel (read www.iranicaonline.org/articles/yazidis-i-general-1 ) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.199.97.103 (talk) 21:48, 12 September 2015 (UTC)

No Zoroastrian Comparison? Six Archangels
There are also six archangels in Zoroastrianism. They are called the Amesha Spentas. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ploxhoi (talk • contribs) 08:50, 9 August 2014 (UTC)

This article should be about Melek Taus in Yazidi belief, not the Islamic devil
Whoever is transforming this article into musings about the connection between Melek Taus and the Islamic devil, please stop and undo the damage. The claim that Yazidis worship the devil is slander used to fuel violence and hate. While it's perfectly fine to compare the myths of Iblis and Melek Taus, which are clearly related, it should be a minor part of this article, not the bulk of the introduction. Islamic prayers certainly do not belong here, and writing "Melek Taus/Shaitan" promotes a completely skewed point of view. --User:Pseudodoxia (talk) 12 August 2014 — Preceding undated comment added 21:20, 12 August 2014 (UTC)

 * Supported. The article is written like this being Melek Taus is Satan, which I doubt, based on the obviously Mesopotamian structure of the religion, and the fact that "Satan" is a late invention of heretic Jews that later became Christians. Iblis is the Christian Satan reworked for the Arabic mythological environment, neither "Iblis" nor "Satan" existed at the root of yazidism. Rursus dixit. ( m bork3 !) 06:03, 18 September 2015 (UTC)

 * It is true that the concept of Satan came after Yazidism. Therefore, it doesn't make sense, but a redefining of what is and what was not the Quran's. Redoing religious history with subsequent written work. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Veggiesoup2 (talk • contribs) 14:28, 19 September 2015 (UTC)

Main article picture
I'm not convinced that the picture used in the article is a a depiction actually used within the Yazidi religion or community. Trying to find a translation of the various cuneiform writing in the lower half led me to this forum and refutation of the image as relevant. http://www.forumbiodiversity.com/showthread.php/31577-Yezidi-Melek-Taus-(-quot-Peacock-Angel-quot-)   LordQwert (talk) 14:17, 24 June 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Origin of the bird
I don't see much written about the source of the bird.

The Arizal had a very similar looking bird, but I don't what that origin is either :

https://www.kabbalah-judaica.com/products/poster-of-home-protection-wall-tapestry-kabbalah-holy-names

According to facsimile copy of the 1855 Lemberg Sha'ar Hayichudim by Rabbi Chaim Vital, this predates the Arizal and goes back to the 11th century with Rabbi Eliezer of Worms. Pretty close to the sources for this peacock.

Kshlomo (talk) 16:14, 6 January 2019 (UTC)

It has been suggested by travellers to Lalish who have described the peacock in early traditions as a cock rather than a peacock and suggest that Taus Malak "King cock" or originally the God of death Nergal but so far there does not seem to much connection between the two as different claims are made about its origin. Sabyan (talk) 02:34, 3 May 2020 (UTC)

Removing pov-push
In the Infobox is pov-push and it should be removed. Kurdistan is very confusing and misleading for readers and Kurds is also POV because it is disputed whether the Yazidis are Kurds or not. There are Yazidis who identify themselves as a distinct ethnic group. Dortana (talk) 19:01, 13 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Why would Kurdistan be confusing for people? Again your "arguments" are nonsensical (as always). Please stop reverting if you don't have consensus with you. I see it as IJDLI and CENSORSHIP). --Semsûrî (talk) 19:04, 13 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Comment: maybe they refer to that Kurdistan is not a commonly known country like Iraq or Syria, then also Kurdistan overlaps other countries and some might think that Yazidi would hail/live from/in Turkey which is not so much the case. That Yazidi are an own ethnicity is not commonly known, so to display them as such (to denote some Yazidi's feelings) in brackets beside the Kurds I'd see as a fair compromise.Paradise Chronicle (talk) 04:21, 15 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree that Kurdistan is confusing and also not very accurate. Considerable Yazidi centres are located in Sinjar, which is not in Kurdistan, others are in the diaspora like in Germany, Russia and Armenia. Paradise Chronicle (talk) 20:00, 18 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Sinjar is counted as part of the geographic region of Kurdistan in most sources and maps, it was also among the regions that participated in two Kurdistan independence referendums that took place in 2005 and 2017. Additionally, seeing as Yazidi communities within the states of Iraq, Syria and Turkey hail specifically from the Kurdish parts of those countries, which are culturally classified as Kurdistan, I do not see any problems with keeping Kurdistan there. And since there are dozens of different diaspora communities, I think it is enough to name just Kurdistan, the native and traditional habitat of worshippers of this figure. KurdeEzidi (talk) 21:43, 18 July 2022 (UTC)

Ethnicity of a God?
The article appeared in the DYK section describing Melek Taus as a God. Others describe him as an angel or the peacock angel. How can a heavenly being be attached an ethnicity of a terrestrial people? Paradise Chronicle (talk) 10:37, 18 July 2022 (UTC)

 * Hello, I believe that section is not intended to show the holy being's ethnicity, but rather among which ethnic groups he is venerated among, similarly to Ahura Mazda, who obviously can not be Iranian by ethnicity, but is venerated among the Iranian peoples as implied on his infobox. KurdeEzidi (talk) 11:10, 18 July 2022 (UTC)

Malek Tavus in Yarsanism
According Hamzee, M. Rezaa (1990), The Yaresan: a sociological, historical, and religio-historical study of Kurdish community, Islamische Unterschungen (74, 75) is figuere of Malek Tavus also in Yarsanist myth of creation about Adam and Eve. "The Yaresan of the Kermanshah region use the name "Malek Tavus", i. e. the Peacock Angel to designate Satan." https://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/iud/content/pageview/1330849 Dr. Ivan Kučera (talk) 14:47, 1 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tawûsî Melek


text:
Erik Knudsen

Erik Knudsen (born March 25, 1988) is a Canadian actor. He is known for portraying Daniel Matthews in Saw II, Robbie Mercer in Scream 4, Alec Sadler in Continuum and Dale Turner in the CBS series Jericho.

Life and career
Knudsen was born on March 25, 1988, in Toronto, Ontario. His first film debut was in the 2000 film, Tribulation.

In 2001, Knudsen guest starred on The Guardian and appeared in three other episodes. He was nominated for a Young Artist Award for his performance. In 2003, Knudsen starred in the TV series Mental Block. He co-starred as Leroy "Lefty" in the film adaptation of Youth in Revolt, and in Scott Pilgrim vs. the World as Lucas "Crash" Wilson, who was the lead singer of fictional band Crash and the Boys. In 2005, he co-starred in the horror film Saw II. From 2006 to 2008, he played the series regular role, Dale Turner in the CBS series Jericho.

Knudsen portrayed Robbie in the 2011 slasher film Scream 4. Knudsen played Ryan in The Barrens, co-starring True Blood's Stephen Moyer, which was released in late 2012.

He portrayed teen tech genius Alec Sadler in the Canadian science fiction series Continuum, starring alongside Rachel Nichols and Victor Webster, and was nominated for Best Supporting Actor for the role for two consecutive years at the Saturn Awards. He appears in Bon Cop, Bad Cop 2, the horror feature Darker Than Night, as well as Stephen King-based sci-fi TV series The Mist and space adventure drama series Killjoys.

title: Erik Knudsen


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Down in a Hole

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was redirect to Dirt (album) -R. fiend 14:28, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Down in a Hole
This single by Alice in Chains isn't notable enough to warrant its own article, article is POV Chozan 03:51, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep expand and cleanup. Notable charting song by Alice in Chains a notable band. Capitalistroadster 05:44, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete (or merge with and redirect to the album or the band), as per nomination. --Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 10:44, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Capitalistroadster. Kappa 14:14, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Mel Etitis. AesopFable14:19, 6 Octover 2005. (UTC)
 * Experience has taught me that Capitalistroadster is almost invariably right on the money with these things. According to the article, the single reached the Top 40 in two countries.  (The resources listed on WikiProject Songs confirm this.)  The criteria at WikiProject Music/Notability and Music Guidelines/Songs are satisfied. Keep. Uncle G 16:07, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and lose the fanboy tone with a cleanup. --Jacquelyn Marie 19:06, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Dirt until there is more info on this song. Tuf-Kat 20:43, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as per User:Tuf-Kat. Jkelly 22:00, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect until there is enough material for its own article. Qaz  ( talk ) 05:23, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with album. -- Kjkolb 11:56, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Robert Ashkenes

Yes, you may create a userpage about yourself, but you have to do it on your userpage. If you look at the top of the page, you'll see a bar that has your username in red letters; if you click on it, it will take you to a blank page where you can put whatever you want about yourself. That only applies to that page however; putting information about yourself in articles is not allowed. -- Essjay ·  Talk 03:51, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * You did it the right way; the only problem is, you also created Robert Ashkenes which is in the article space. Your userpage is located at User:Robert Ashkenes. When you leave comments on talk pages (only talk pages) you should sign with ~, which will be translated by the software into your username and the date/time (like mine, above.)

Try reading some of the links below, they may help:

Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
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 * Meet other new users
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You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing ~~~~; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 04:18, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Robert Ashkenes


text: User talk:68.5.137.153

title: User talk:68.5.137.153


text:
Talk:Christoph Meili

Untitled
can I add "so the next time someone gets in-yo-face about swiss neutrality, remind them of this, and say the modern day swiss are no better then hitler" or would that be too much of a POV?

 * Well you posed and answered the question yourself ;-) Only one such incident is known, albeit I would think a very serious one. Those who would like to draw conclusions of any kind are welcome to do so, without the information provider telling what it should be. NPOV always seems more respectful of people's mental skills: we provide information, while trusting you are very capable of thinking yourself. gidonb  10:48, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

Sources?
Are there any (reliable) sources for the numerous allegations in this article? A few examples?

''He discovered that officials at UBS destroyed the credit balances of deceased Jewish clients, which was a violation of Swiss laws since it is required that any credit balances that existed would be paid to the family members of Jews who had perished in the Holocaust. '' Which Swiss law were violated?

The Swiss authorities reacted with an arrest warrant against Christoph Meili Is there any evidence for such an arrest warrant?

Christoph Meili and his family are the only Swiss nationals in history ever to have been granted political asylum in the United States. Is there any evidence for this statement?

etc.

--ChristophMeili 09:55, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Article referenced and expanded a little. Lupo 14:29, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

 * BTW, this edit at the German Wikipedia was inappropriate. The paragraph is badly phrased, but a little reformulation could have saved it. Lupo 14:43, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I've also removed the video link. The man shown may be Meili, though it's a bit hard to tell due to the extremely poor quality—cell phone cameras aren't exactly up to this task. :-) But in any case Wikipedia is not a platform for propaganda. If Meili has an axe to grind with the Swiss newspaper Blick, he should find other channels. (And in any case, I guess the mainstream media will pick up on that video soon enough.) Self-published works are not suitable as references or whatever for Wikipedia articles. Lupo 16:41, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

Idiocy!
Here http://www.kantonsrat.zh.ch/Dokumente/Sitzungen/KR-Protokolle/1995-1999/160.DOC on page 1744/45 is written, that these Documents are from 1897/1927! It was a Lie from Fagan and Co.! -Could somebody hwo can better write english do this in the article. Thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.60.68.45 (talk) 08:35, 28 May 2009 (UTC)

I must agree on this. -From the German Wiki-article it seems destruction of the old documents were irrelevant to the Swiss banks involvement in the Nazi crimes. Unfortunately the link to documentation is of no use. 94.144.63.87 (talk) 12:30, 21 December 2012 (UTC)

Clarification needed on the lawsuits
Per my commet, clarification is needed. As I mentioned the section mentions a lawsuit of US$2.56 billion on the behalf of Meili. This seem to suggest he was the only plantiff, however US$2.56 billion for a single individual plantiff seems way excessive even if the lawsuit was filed in the US where plantiffs seeking very high amounts seems common, particularly given the circumstances of the case. If the US$2.56 billion was actually a lawsuit with multiple plantiffs I presume holocaust survivors and Meili (which would make far more sense), this should be mentioned in the article. It sounds like the US $1.25 billion figure was definitely for multiple plantiffs with Meili only getting US$1 million but this isn't properly explained (neither who the other plantiffs are and it's only later when we read about Meili complaining about not getting the US$1 million that we read anything about how much he may have actually been supposed to receive as part of the settlement and considering the earlier mention of 2.56 billion I'm guessing some readers may misread the section in to thinking Meili really got a settlement with something like that amount of money). Nil Einne (talk) 03:32, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Christoph Meili


text:
Stele of Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu

The Stele of Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu or Stele of Revealing is a painted, wooden offering stele located in Cairo, Egypt. It was discovered in 1858 by the French Egyptologist François Auguste Ferdinand Mariette at the mortuary temple of the 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Hatshepsut, located at Deir el-Bahari. It was originally made for the Montu-priest Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu i, and was discovered near his coffin ensemble of two sarcophagi and two anthropomorphic inner coffins. It dates to circa 680–70 BCE, the period of the late 25th Dynasty/early 26th Dynasty. Originally located in the former Boulaq Museum under inventory number 666, the stele was moved around 1902 to the newly opened Egyptian Museum of Cairo (inventory number A 9422; Temporary Register Number 25/12/24/11), where it remains today.

The stele is made of wood and covered with a plaster gesso, which has been painted. It measures 51.5 centimeters high and 31 centimeters wide. On the front, Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu can be seen as a priest of Montu; he is presenting offerings to the falcon-headed god Re-Harakhty ("Re-Horus of the Two Horizons"), a syncretic form of the ancient Egyptian gods Ra and Horus, who is seated on a throne. The symbol of the west, the place of the Dead, is seen behind Re-Harakhty. Above the figures is a depiction of Nut, the sky goddess who stretches from horizon to horizon. Directly beneath her is the Winged Solar Disk, Horus of Behdet.

The stele is otherwise referred to as the "Stele of Revealing" and is a central element of the Western esoteric tradition and religious philosophy of Thelema, founded by the English occultist and ceremonial magician Aleister Crowley.

Origins
The stele is a fairly typical example of a Theban offering stele from the late Third Intermediate Period, dating to the late 25th Dynasty/early 26th Dynasty. It was originally discovered in 1854 as part of a large burial of priests of Montu at Deir el-Bahari in Luxor, Ottoman Egypt, and included the coffin of the dedicant, Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu i.

Text
The stele is painted on both faces with Egyptian texts, some of which are Chapter 91 of the Egyptian Book of the Dead, while the back of the stele records eleven lines of text from Chapters 30 and 2.

The text reads as follows.

Obverse

 * [A1] Beneath the Winged Solar Disk: (He of) Behdet, the Great God, Lord of Heaven

 * [A2–A3] Above Re-Harakhty: Re-Harakhty ("Re-Horus of the Two Horizons"), Chief of the Gods

 * [A4–A8] Above Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu: The Osiris, God's Servant of Montu, Lord of Waset, Opener of the Door-leaves of Heaven in the Most Select of Places (i.e., Karnak), Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu, <True of> Voice

 * [A9] Beneath the offering table: (thousands of) Bread and beer, cattle and fowl

 * [B1–B5] Main text: [B1] Words spoken by the Osiris (i.e., the deceased), God's Servant of Montu, Lord of Waset, Opener of the Door-leaves of Heaven in the Most Select of Places (i.e., Karnak), Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu, [B2] True of Voice: "O Exalted-one! may he be praised, Great of Manifestations, the great Ba whom [B3] the gods fear, and who appears on his great throne, make the path of the Ba, the Akh, and the Shadow, for I am equipped so that (I) might shine therein [B4] (as) an equipped-one. Make for me the path to the place in which Re, Atum, Khepri, and Hathor are therein." The Osiris, God's Servant of Montu, Lord of Waset, [B5] Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu, <True of> Voice, son of the like titled Ba-sa-en-Mut, borne of the Chantress of Amun-Re, Lady of the House, Ta-nesh.

Reverse

 * [C1] Words spoken by the Osiris (i.e., the deceased), God's Servant of Montu, Lord of Waset, Ankh-ef-en- [C2] Khonsu, True of Voice: "(O) my heart of my mother [2 times], (O) my heart while I existed [C3] upon earth, do not stand against me as a witness, do not oppose me in [C4] in the tribunal, do not be hostile against me in the presence of the Great God, Lord of the West. [C5] Although I have united (myself) to the land (i.e. died) to the great western side of Heaven, may I flourish upon earth!" [C6] Words spoken by the Osiris, the Stolist of Waset, Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu, True of Voice: O (you who are) Unique [C7], who shines like the moon, the Osiris, Ankh-ef- [C8] en-Khonsu, goes forth from your multitudes, [C9] (O) deliverer of those who are within the sun-light, open for him [C10] the Netherworld, indeed, the Osiris, Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu who goes forth in [C11] day in order to do everything all that pleased him upon earth among the living-ones."

Influence on Aleister Crowley
The designation of this object as the Stele of Revealing was given in April 1904 by the English occultist and ceremonial magician Aleister Crowley, in connection with The Book of the Law or Liber al vel Legis.

According to Crowley, his wife Rose had already reported a revelation from the ancient Egyptian god Horus through the non-physical entity named Aiwass, which is regarded as his messenger in Thelema. The couple went to the newly opened Egyptian Museum of Cairo (where the stele had been moved), to see if she could recognize Horus on Monday, March 21, 1904. Rose recognized an image of the god on this painted stele, which at the time bore the catalogue number 666, a number holding religious significance in Thelema.

According to Crowley, the stele depicts the three chief deities of Thelema: Nuit (Egyptian Nut), Hadit (Egyptian Behdety), and Ra-Hoor-Khuit (Egyptian Re-Harakhty ["Re-Horus of the Two Horizons"]). Crowley stated that he dined with Émile Brugsch, a German Egyptologist and curator of the Bulaq Museum, to discuss the stele in his charge and to arrange for a facsimile to be made. According to Crowley, Brugsch's French assistant curator translated the hieroglyphic text on the stele. In 1912, a second translation of the stele was later performed for Crowley by Alan Gardiner and Battiscombe Gunn.

title: Stele of Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu


text:
User talk:Johnzerrudo

Bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi Nelson, ASM MicrobeLibrary Bacteria consist of only a single cell, but don't let their small size and seeming simplicity fool you. They're an amazingly complex and fascinating group of creatures. Bacteria have been found that can live in temperatures above the boiling point and in cold that would freeze your blood. They "eat" everything from sugar and starch to sunlight, sulfur and iron. There's even a species of bacteria—Deinococcus radiodurans—that can withstand blasts of radiation 1,000 times greater than would kill a human being.

title: User talk:Johnzerrudo


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Edmonton and regina's time difference

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy delete. – ABCD✉ 04:35, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Edmonton and regina's time difference
Unencyclopedic, random information. The full text of the page is currently "On the 5th of every month, Edmonton, AB changes its time to +6 Central time, meaning at 9:46PM Regina time, it will be 3AM in edmonton." Bunchofgrapes 03:54, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The article's contents are implausible. Delete as hoax. --Metropolitan90 05:04, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom.    Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   07:29, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nomination. utcursch | talk 11:33, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy under new CSD A9, being this article. the wub  "?!"  12:44, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * There is no CSD A9, however I would vote to delete this because it is obviously false. Andrew pmk | Talk 02:56, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Andrew, I am sorry to tell you that your sense of humor is missing and presumed dead :-) Bunchofgrapes (talk) 03:59, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Yervant Odian

Yervant Odian (Երուանդ Օտեան or Երվանդ Օտյան; 19 September 1869 – 1926) was an Ottoman Armenian satirist, journalist and playwright. He is regarded as one of the most influential Armenian satirists, along with his contemporary Hagop Baronian. He is best known for his work Comrade Panchooni ("Panchooni" being a pun on the Armenian words for "has nothing"), a satire mocking the Armenian revolutionary parties (such as Dashnaks and Hunchaks) of the time.

Born into a wealthy family in Constantinople, Odian left the city during the Hamidian massacres of 1894–1896 and traveled throughout Europe before returning to Constantinople in 1909. Odian was deported to the Syrian desert during the Armenian genocide and survived; he published his memoirs about his experiences during the genocide in 1919.

Odian's writings, which include novels and short stories, often humorously point out humanity's vices. Odian's works also dealt with Armenian-Turkish relations and Muslim-Christian relations. In a 2013 piece written by Eddie Arnavoudian, he proclaimed "Even if elsewhere equaled in modern Armenian literature, Odian's exposure of the establishment's putrid core has certainly not been bettered". Odian's writing styles are often described as extroverted, as if his is removing his persona from the piece in order to best portray the truth.

Early life
Odian was born into one of the most affluent families in Constantinople (now Istanbul). His paternal uncle Krikor Odian (1834–1887) was a respected political figure and one of the founders and writers of the Armenian National Constitution. Odian's grandfather Yazedje Boghos Agha was from Palu, Turkey, a town notable for its significant Armenian population. His father was a writer, diplomat, and translator. His mother also came from a wealthy family.

Early in his life, Odian attended the Berberian School in Constantinople, where he began writing. Over the course of his life, Odian became fluent in a number of languages: French, Turkish, and Armenian to name a few. Odian pursued writing thanks to the support of his uncle, who was a major influence in his upbringing. Odian also served as a deputy of the Armenian National Assembly. Though Odian's satires frequently touch on political issues, he never aligned himself with any political party.

In 1896, before the massacres of Armenians in Constantinople ended, Odian left his then-home and traveled across Europe seeking asylum in places like Athens, Paris, Vienna, and London, and Bombay, before finally settling in Cairo.

Later life
Yervant Odian eventually returned home to Constantinople in 1909, where he continued his work as a writer. In August 1915, during the Armenian genocide, Odian was arrested and deported from Constantinople. In 1916 in Hama, Syria, he was forcibly converted to Islam and given the Muslim name Aziz Nuri, although he refused to practice the religion or use his new Muslim name. He was then deported to Deir ez-Zor, where was able to escape death by becoming a translator for German officials there, since he knew French and Turkish. Odian's horror of the events of the Armenian genocide pushed him to write his memoirs. In 1918, after World War I, he took up the responsibility of rescuing Armenian children orphaned by the genocide and placing them in orphanages. Odian returned to Constantinople and wrote for the newspaper Jamanak. He published his memoirs about his experience in the Armenian genocide in Jamanak in 1919. He left Constantinople in 1922 and lived in Bucharest and various locations in the Near East. Yervant Odian was an avid and heavy drinker. He spent the last days of his life in Cairo, Egypt, where he died in 1926 at the age of 56.

Legacy
Some of Odian's works have been adapted into films in Armenia, including Comrade Panchooni (1992) and Monsieur Jacques and the Others (1964, based on the short story "Geghdz Lrdesě" [The False Spy]). In late 2011 the Armenian General Benevolent Union's Ardavazt Theatre Company performed Odian's Ser yev Dzidzagh (Love and Laughter), a satirical comedy focused around three revolving plots all used in junction with one another in order to portray an accurate image of nineteenth century Armenian society. In 2016 the Armenian Museum of Fresno celebrated the 150th birthday of Odian by hosting an event focused on his life and his literary works. There is a street named after Yervant Odian in the Malatia-Sebastia neighborhood of Yerevan.

Selected works
(also a Turkish edition published as 'Yoldaş Pançuni' by Aras Pub.in 2008) ISBN 978-975-7265-32-0
 * Abdulhamid and Sherlock Holmes (Ապտիւլ Համիտ եւ Շէրլօք Հոլմս), Constantinople 1911
 * Accursed Years. My Exile and Return from Der Zor, 1914-1919, Garod Books, London 2009
 * Comrade Clueless (Ընկեր Փանջունի), Constantinople, from 1914 on (several books)
 * Twelve Years Out of Istanbul. 1896-1908 (Տասներկու Տարի Պոլսէն Դուրս. 1896-1908), Constantinople 1922 (Reminiscences)

title: Yervant Odian


text:
Braeburn Airport

Braeburn Airport, also known as the Cinnamon Bun Airstrip, in the Yukon, Canada, is adjacent to the Klondike Highway between Whitehorse and Carmacks. It is next to Braeburn Lodge (famous for its oversized cinnamon buns and sandwiches) and near Braeburn Lake. It receives no maintenance and pilots are advised to use caution as there are numerous holes in the runway caused by gophers.

title: Braeburn Airport


text:
Carmacks Airport

Carmacks Airport is located 3.5 NM from the community of Carmacks, Yukon, Canada.

title: Carmacks Airport


text:
Carcross Water Aerodrome

Carcross Water Aerodrome is adjacent to Carcross, Yukon, Canada on the shore of Grayling Bay on Tagish Lake. It's open from June to October and the area may be used by ski planes in the winter.

title: Carcross Water Aerodrome


text:
Carcross Airport

Carcross Airport is adjacent to Carcross, Yukon, Canada on the shore of Grayling Bay on Tagish Lake.

title: Carcross Airport


text:
Chapman Aerodrome

Chapman Aerodrome is a registered aerodrome located on the shores of the Blackstone River in the Yukon, Canada.

title: Chapman Aerodrome


text:
Charlotte Sainton-Dolby

Charlotte Helen Sainton-Dolby (17 May 1821 – 18 February 1885), was an English contralto, singing teacher and composer.

Life
Charlotte Helen Dolby was born in London to Samuel Dolby and Charlotte Niven. Her father died when she was 10 years old. She studied at the Royal Academy of Music from 1832 to 1837, Domenico Crivelli being her principal singing-master. In 1837 she was elected to a King's scholarship, and first appeared at a Royal Philharmonic Society concert in 1841. In October 1845 she sang at the Gewandhaus, Leipzig, through the influence of Mendelssohn, who had been delighted by her singing in his oratorio St. Paul. The contralto music in his Elijah was written for her voice, but she did not appear in that work until the performance at Exeter Hall on 16 April 1847.

She was a principal soloist in the first English performance of Bach's St Matthew Passion, directed by William Sterndale Bennett at the Hanover Square Rooms London on 6 April 1854 and again for the premiere of his Sacred Cantata The Woman of Samaria at the Birmingham Musical Festival in 1867.

She married the violinist Prosper Sainton in 1860, and in 1870 she retired from the career of a public singer, but two years afterwards started a vocal academy in London. She made various successful attempts as a composer, and the cantatas The Legend of St Dorothea (1876), The Story of the Faithful Soul (1879), and Florimel (1885), enjoyed considerable success. Her last public appearance was at her husband's farewell concert in June 1883.

She died on the 18th February 1885 and was buried on the western side of Highgate Cemetery, near the Terrace Catacombs.

A scholarship in her memory was founded at the Royal Academy of Music. Her voice was of moderate power and of fine quality, but it was her dignified and artistic style that gave her the high place she held for so many years both in oratorio and ballads.

title: Charlotte Sainton-Dolby