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Talk:Roy J. Glauber

Untitled
For the past ten years, Roy has been a vital participant in the annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony. By spontaneous tradition, the Ig audience throws paper airplanes at the stage during the entire ceremony (and the people on stage waft some of them right back). The airplanes accumulate so rapidly that it is necessary to have two people spend the entire ceremony sweeping them off. Harvard physics professor Roy Glauber has nobly, and stylishly, swept the stage for ten long years. Today, October 4, 2005, he was announced as the winner of a Nobel Physics Prize. from http://improbable.typepad.com/improbable_research_whats/2005/10/sweeping_succes.html :-) bogdan | Talk 11:51, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

On the Ig Nobel page, it says that he is Keeper of the Mop as opposed to Broom, like is says on this page... Which is it?

Glauber was not awarded the Nobel prize for the "notion and mathematics of coherent states" as the article says, but for the mathematical description of optical coherence and the theory of photodetection. These are different subjects.--J S Lundeen 11:09, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Nobel prize
Can someone knowledgeable please put more information about his nobel prize? As it currently stands, it's just mentioned as a footnote to his Ig Nobel duties. --Storkk 11:59, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

"Considerable controversy"?
I was surprised to find this recent and very one-sided addition to the article summary:

 * However, there is considerable controversy regarding this award, as E. C. George Sudarshan was ignored. Also the Sudarshan representation, which Glauber renamed as the P-representation, was conveniently renamed the Sudarshan-Glauber representation, later the Glauber-Sudarshan representation, and now has become the Glauber representation. But what's in a name? Sudarshan's representation by any other name will smell as sweet.

It turns out that this "considerable controversy" (something I'd never heard about until today) has been publicly addressed by InsideHigherEd, Seed, and The Harvard Crimson. I'm not sure this belongs in Glauber's article--the complaint reflects actions by the Nobel Committee rather than any wrongdoing by Glauber. Experience with other controversies suggests, however, that removing this material will only result in its re-insertion by another partisan. Writing it up dispassionately seemed the best course. betsythedevine 12:02, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

It also turns out that Harvard Crimson did not 'address' the issue 'publicly'.It merely QUOTED others[none from Harvard] in the article.I am sure even the Nobel committe never heard of Sudharshan or the controversy[whose work Glauber criticised and later acknowledged,who knows what else] till they acknowledged Glauber for Sudharshan's work.That's something,a common undercurrent. - BengalTiger

 * Two months later, somebody has removed the "controversy" section from Glauber's bio--probably the right decision. The mini-uproar seems to have died down without any echo--and it was never a Glauber controversy anyway, really a Sudarshan vs. Nobel Committee controversy. betsythedevine 13:37, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The same person removed it from the Sudarshan article. Should it be reinstated there ? Tintin (talk) 13:59, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm happy to let it stay removed from both places. IMO, the fact that Sudarshan did major work in an area where a Nobel was awarded is notable. The fact that Sudarshan and a very few other people complained post-facto about the 2006 Nobel Prize isn't something I'd want in my bio, if I were Sudarshan. betsythedevine 19:30, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Meanwhile, someone has added it back :-) Tintin (talk) 12:11, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

 * As of 2017, there is still this remark about Sudarshan in there, even if only in an abbreviated form. I think it is totally misleading, since the Nobel prize citation was phrased like this: "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005 was divided, one half awarded to Roy J. Glauber "for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence", the other half jointly to John L. Hall and Theodor W. Hänsch ". So the official citation does not mention work on the P representation (which, I believe, would never merit a Nobel prize). What stands out in Glauber's work is the theory of photodetection and joint photon measurement, which enabled a discussion of the photon statistics. The P representation is completely incidental.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.5.35.14 (talk) 18:45, 24 March 2017 (UTC)

Stolen Nobel
Glauber's Nobel prize medal was apparently stolen in a burglary reported in the news today. Is that worthy of inclusion in the article? --96.233.95.239 (talk) 20:36, 16 April 2010 (UTC)

Missing 2005 Ig Nobel?
The Ig Nobel ceremony was held in October, and the "genuine" Nobel in December. How could he have missed the Ig Nobel ceremony because "he was being awarded his real Nobel Prize at the time"?--220.232.232.66 (talk) 05:30, 7 October 2010 (UTC)

"Glauber Physics", PHYS E-26
Roy J. Glauber was well-known among high school science teachers in Eastern Massachusetts during the late 1980's when I taught at Bishop Stang High School in North Dartmouth MA. His course at the Harvard Extension School, Physics E-26, was referred to as "Glauber Physics". In the spring term of 1989, I escorted a group of students on the 75-minute trip to Cambridge every Thursday. In my opinion, his ability to communicate and fascinate is exceptional. See:

http://books.google.ca/books?id=qOsSCUXn1SUC&pg=PA140&lpg=PA140&dq=glauber+physics+E-26+harvard+extension+school&source=bl&ots=QFxMxwqZlv&sig=7v7XiYefB5GF6AQPh2mkp5n2Gx8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0tYhU-rAGueayAGc6IG4Bg&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false.

I leave it to more experienced contributors to decide if +/or how this may be include in the article.

Assessment comment
Substituted at 04:59, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

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It is not Glauber's controversy
This Sudarshan concern of his failure to be recognized for his work only arose after the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics honorees were announced. The work in question done by Glauber, recognized for creating the Physics field of Quantum Optics, was done in 1963. There is no found record of Sudarshan voicing objection to Glauber’s work or achievements prior to the Nobel Prize Selection Committee announcing on October 4th, 2005 who was to be honored at the December 10th ceremony in Stockholm. Objections appeared on Wikipedia in August 2006. Up to this Wikipedia edit, there was no mention here of any controversy, or the fact that Sudarshan felt slighted by Glauber’s work. Suddenly in 2006 an IP user from India wrote a short paragraph in the opening paragraph of the page. So, all this began with “Conflict of Interest,” as clearly this edit was likely added or influenced by a close relative, friend or former colleague of Sudarshan. The following IP address location clearly indicates that he/she was working from India and the ISP organization was: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR). Of note, Sudarshan also worked at the TIFR earlier in his career. Within a few hours an editor appears and a new section is added with extensive details, I doubt the edit of this editor as well, because in the short time period between the two posts one would not be in a position to do that extensive research; so maybe there were some backdoor links between them? Most of the references supporting the whole controversy are fake and bogus, and there are not any links published by any western media, rather Indian media exclusively has been used to highlight what they report as an issue. It’s interesting that this so called “issue” was never given credibility or carried by any traditional western publications. The Harvard Crimson, the one which has been cited, is a student run university newspaper, and they simply highlighted the aforementioned Indian newspaper article. Western press did not see this story worthy of publication (see below re: The New York Times, and a letter Sudarshan claimed he sent to them). Inside Higher Ed reference (December 7th 2005) explicitly explains the matter, “The Nobel report explicitly notes that, though Sudarshan took Glauber’s work to the next level, Glauber’s seminal work appeared first, months before Sudarshan’s in 1963.” Additionally, the article states “Sudarshan acknowledges that Glauber’s work came first, but suggests that his own might better fit the achievements described by the committee. Sudarshan also adds that he believes the committee “did their work diligently and with care.” The “Controversy regarding Nobel Prize” section that has been posted on Glauber’s Wiki page goes on to say: “In an unpublished letter to The New York Times, Sudarshan calls the “Glauber–Sudarshan representation” a misnomer, adding that "literally all subsequent theoretic developments in the field of Quantum Optics make use of Sudarshan's work”— essentially, asserting that he had developed the breakthrough.” The references # 22 has absolutely no credibility. What credibility does an unpublished letter to The New York Times highlighted in the sighted article provide? And besides that, where's the proof that it was ever even written or provided? A sent letter, that isn’t published, isn’t proof of anything. The only thing that this might prove is that the New York Times recipient didn't find enough relevancy or credibility in the letter to use it. One has to also wonder whether this letter ever existed, as its contents weren’t ever shared publicly, or published by Sudarshan prior to his passing. Given the extremely high honor of the Nobel Prize, and its inherent competitive nature, past selections have been subject to controversy and criticism across many years. This is not uncommon. Let’s have a look at the controversy regarding the Physics prize. The point here is that people who feel they were treated unfairly by the Nobel Selection Committee already have their grievance highlighted on the main Noble Prize Controversy Page, not on the page of the person or persons who won The Prize. Let’s talk about the Nobel Prize of 1974. In 1974 Martin Ryle and Antony Hewish won the Physics Nobel Prize and Jocelyn Bell Burnell criticized the committee for not recognizing her work and not giving her the prize. But here, while this is understandably noted on the Wiki page of Burnell, we can see that there’s no mention of any controversy on the Wiki pages of either winner: Martin Ryle and Antony Hewish. Additionally, Sudarshan has claimed that he was slighted for the 1999 Nobel Prize, specifically the work that was done by Harvard Physicists Steven Weinberg and Sheldon Glashow. This shows a clear Sudarshan pattern. Here, his concern appears on the above-mentioned Nobel Prize Controversy Page, but not on the Wiki pages of Weinberg or Glashow. The same is true for other such “Controversy” years. Please also read the previous posts currently appearing on this Talk tab for the views of other editors who, going back to 2006, have also previously agreed and supported the fact that such content was not factually supportable, and was not appropriate to appear on Glauber’s Wiki page. As betsythedevine appropriately stated: “Two months later, somebody has removed the "controversy" section from Glauber's bio--probably the right decision. The mini-uproar seems to have died down without any echo--and it was never a Glauber controversy anyway, really a Sudarshan vs. Nobel Committee controversy. betsythedevine 13:37, 31 October 2006 (UTC).” In a nutshell, the controversy should not be displayed on the Glauber’s page. If the family, friends or colleagues of Sudarshan want to highlight this issue, they can expand it further on his page or on the sub-section of “Noble Prize Controversies, Physics Section, 2005”. Or if they’re determined, they can even create a new page, if Wikipedia allows, but it should not be displayed on Glauber’s page. It is not Glauber’s issue. This is a concern that Sudarshan had with the Nobel Prize Selection Committee, so Glauber shouldn’t be dragged down for a concern that he’s not responsible for. Glauber, a recognized creator of the physics field of Quantum Optics, a Michelson Medal (1985) and Heineman Prize winner (1986), and the selected and recognized Physics Nobel Prize Winner (2005), is currently being discredited by posts highlighting the unsupported sentiments of another person, and the fact that Sudarshan felt slighted because he wasn’t recognized. Again, not an issue that Glauber in any way created or shares any responsibility for. This Sudarshan grievance should not appear on Roy J. Glauber’s Wiki page. Thank you. Sternlens (talk) 14:56, 5 February 2022 (UTC)

A consensus needs to be built for this matter of vandalism
"The Wikipedia page of a selected Nobel Prize honoree shouldn't be the place for the family or friends of Mr. Sudarshan, who wasn't selected, to continue to air their grievances. The Nobel Prize physics selection committee made their decision in 2005".Sternlens (talk) 17:45, 25 July 2022 (UTC)

A permanent solution and consensus need to be reached
I have been posting on the talk page with much detail and you guys are consistently adding the controversy section without bothering to read the talk page in the first place. More recently Hey man im josh  reinstated the controversy section saying it is properly sourced. I am not saying the content is not properly sourced, what I am saying is it should not be displayed on Glauber's page. Further details are in the above section.

Please read the sections I added above and comment on your views.

 * 158.144.51.80 (talk · contribs)
 * 99.174.173.241 (talk · contribs)
 * M.Bitton (talk · contribs)
 * Kpddg (talk · contribs)
 * Drmies (talk · contribs)
 * Praxidicae (talk · contribs)
 * Hey man im josh

Sternlens (talk) 16:36, 16 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Oh I can come up with a permanent solution, but you won't like it, and that is to semi-protect the article (to stop the decade-old flow of vandalism from IP editors) and to block you from editing the article. I suppose one could say you've been posting here with great detail, but what I see is one impossibly long and dense paragraph, and one quoted comment (?) whose relevance is invisible to me. So pardon me for not plowing through the lengthy "above" section in its entirety, though I will note that fortunately there is some discussion of sources, and looking again at the Inside Higher Ed article is probably a good way to try and maybe edit this down. Drmies (talk) 20:11, 16 October 2022 (UTC)

"RfC: Please comment on the controversy section"
Should the "Controversy section removed or kept? Sternlens (talk) 17:09, 16 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Neither--it should likely be shortened/rewritten, with the Inside Higher Ed article, the most reliable source in the bunch, as the guide. Drmies (talk) 20:11, 16 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Merge - The entire section is too big and the notable coverage should be folded into Awards and honors. For WP:BLP we should avoid WP:CRITS so an entire criticism section should be avoided. Nemov (talk) 21:24, 16 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Shorten as above, definitely shouldn't be one of the largest sections in his article.--Ortizesp (talk) 22:15, 17 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Shorten per Drmies AND semi-protect the page. The section should also NOT be titled "Controversy", per WP:CRITS. PianoDan (talk) 01:02, 18 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Merge With awards section. It seems reasonable to mention the controversy but it does not need that much attention. Discussing it in so much depth makes it seem un-NPOV. A shortend version merged into the awards section makes sense to me. GoldMiner24 Talk 02:12, 19 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Reduce and Merge - this is WP:UNDUE by amount of text and by being a section. It seems generally not a ‘controversy’ and this simply has far, far less in coverage and biographical significance than the award itself so anything said should be adjacent to the text about the award and shorter than that.  Cheers Markbassett (talk) 20:10, 19 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Merge the controversy is only about the Nobel Prize, it makes sense to merge it with awards EmilySarah99 (talk) 09:27, 22 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Roy J. Glauber


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468 Lina

Lina (minor planet designation: 468 Lina), provisional designation , is a dark Themistian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 60 km in diameter. It was discovered on 18 January 1901, by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The carbonaceous asteroid was named for the housemaid of the discoverer's family.

Classification and orbit
Lina is a core member of the Themis family, an ancient population of carbonaceous outer-belt asteroids with nearly coplanar ecliptical orbits. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.5–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,025 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 0.4° with respect to the ecliptic. Lina was first observed at Heidelberg a few days prior to its official discovery observation. The body's observation arc begins with its identification as  at Heidelberg in 1915, or 14 years after its official discovery observation.

Naming
This minor planet was named for "Lina", a domestic housemaid of the discoverer's family at Heidelberg. The members of Max Wolf's household figure prominently in the names of his discoveries, but background information on the name's origin behind most of them have been lost. Wolf also named 482 Petrina and 483 Seppina after the household's two dogs, a practice that was later discouraged by the IAU. Naming citation for Lina was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 51).

Physical characteristics
It has been characterized as a CPF-type and P-type asteroid by Tholen and NEOWISE, respectively.

Photometry
In December 2006, a rotational lightcurve of Lina was obtained by American astronomer Robert Buchheim at Altimira Observatory (G76) in California. Light-curve analysis gave a rotation period of 16.33 hours with a brightness variation of 0.15 magnitude (U=3). Its odd light curve shows multiple peaks, contrary to the classically shaped double-peaks seen in bimodal light curves, that have two maximums and two minimums per rotation. Lina's unusual triple-peak shape made it difficult to fit a period.

Other photometric observations were taken by Edward Tedesco in the 1970s (8.3 hours; Δ mag; U=1), by Pierre Antonini and Raoul Behrend in January 2006 (16.478 hours; Δ0.18 mag; U=2), and by Scott Marks and Michael Fauerbach in February 2007 (16.54 hours; Δ0.13 mag; U=2).

Diameter and albedo
According to the space-based surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Lina measures between 58.60 and 69.34 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.043 and 0.06.

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link still adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is an albedo of 0.043 and a diameter of 69.34 kilometers at an absolute magnitude of 9.83, while more recent results by NEOWISE and Spitzer tend toward a higher albedo of 0.06 and a shorter diameter of 58.60 and 59.7 kilometer, respectively. Spitzer's spectra of Lina shows an emissivity plateau in the wavelength range of 9 to 12 μm, which is indicative of silicates.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 468 Lina


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Arroyo del Medio

The Arroyo del Medio (Spanish, lit. "Middle Creek" or "Middle Stream") is a small river of Argentina, located on (and serving as) the border between the provinces of Buenos Aires and Santa Fe. Its catchment basin comprises about 3200 km2. The Arroyo empties into the Paraná River at the city of San Nicolás de los Arroyos, Buenos Aires, opposite the Constitución Department in Santa Fe.

title: Arroyo del Medio


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469 Argentina

Argentina (minor planet designation: 469 Argentina) is an asteroid that was discovered by Luigi Carnera on 20 February 1901. Its provisional name was 1901 GE. 469 Argentina has an estimated rotation period of 12.3 hours.

title: 469 Argentina


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470 Kilia

Kilia (minor planet designation: 470 Kilia) (1901 GJ) is a 27 km main-belt asteroid discovered on 21 April 1901 by Luigi Carnera at Heidelberg, the 470th asteroid discovered. It was one of the 16 asteroid discoveries made by Carnera.

Photometric observations of this asteroid in 2021 were used to produce a light curve showing a rotation period of $26.39 km$ with a brightness amplitude of $0.238$ in magnitude.

title: 470 Kilia


text:
User:Gmspider

Hi I am Sarah

Edit it Sarah ;)

title: User:Gmspider


text:
User:RichG

Background

Education:
 * A.S. Science
 * B.S. Physics
 * M.S. Physics
 * Doctoral studies

I have a handful of journal publications in optics and have been co-principal investigator on a NASA-funded research project.

Other research/education:

 * Electronics design - a lot of analog signal processing and control stuff
 * Artificial neural networks - creation and testing of models of temporally-antisymmetric Hebb-type learning
 * Organic chemistry - almost my formal field of study
 * General relativity - also almost my formal field of study

Occupation:

 * Professional musician. I like stuff like Tangerine Dream.

Contributions
I wrote the initial version of the complete article neuropsychopharmacology. Other non-minor contributions include:
 * pharmacodynamics (section on receptor binding)
 * Glutamate receptor
 * Gravimeter
 * Gravitometer
 * Bible prophecy
 * Organic chemistry
 * Mexican jumping beans
 * Clinical pharmacology

title: User:RichG


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471 Papagena

Papagena (minor planet designation: 471 Papagena) is an asteroid that was discovered by German astronomer Max Wolf on 7 June 1901. Its provisional name was 1901 GN.

Papagena comes to a favorable near-opposition apparent magnitude of better than magnitude 9.8 every five years. On 30 September 2010, it was magnitude 9.68 and it will get brighter every five years until 12 December 2035, when this late-to-be-discovered asteroid will be at magnitude 9.28. It is named for a character in Mozart's opera, The Magic Flute.

title: 471 Papagena


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472 Roma

Roma (minor planet designation: 472 Roma) is an asteroid. It was discovered by Luigi Carnera on July 11, 1901. Its provisional name was 1901 GP. This asteroid was named by Antonio Abetti for the city of Rome in Italy, the native country of its discoverer.

At 21:57 UT, on Thursday, July 8, 2010, this 50 km wide asteroid occulted the star Delta Ophiuchi in an event lasting about five seconds. The occultation path crossed central Europe along a band that ran through Stockholm, Copenhagen, Bremen, Nantes and Bilbao.

This is a member of the dynamic Maria family of asteroids that were probably formed as the result of a collisional breakup of a parent body.

title: 472 Roma


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Rhomphaia

The rhomphaia (ῥομφαία) was a close-combat bladed weapon used by the Thracians as early as 350-400 BC. Rhomphaias were weapons with a straight or slightly curved single-edged blade. Although the rhomphaia was similar to the falx, most archaeological evidence suggests that rhomphaias were forged with straight or slightly curved blades, presumably to enable their use as both a thrusting and slashing weapon. The blade was constructed of iron and used a triangular cross section to accommodate the single cutting edge with a tang of rectangular cross section. Length varied, but a typical rhomphaia would have a blade of approximately 60-80 cm and a tang of approximately 50 cm. From the length of the tang, it can be presumed that, when attached to the hilt, this portion of the weapon would be of similar length to the blade.

Usage
Used almost exclusively by the Thracians, examples have been found dating from 300-400 BC. As a weapon, the rhomphaia was feared (like the falx) because of the cutting power afforded to it by its design. The falx forced the only documented change in Roman armour brought about by an encounter with a new weapon. After encountering the falx in Dacia, the Romans added extra reinforcing bars to their helmets to protect against the powerful blows of this weapon. According to some researchers, this weapon was developed by the Bessi, that were actively involved in mining and metalworking.

Differences from the falx
The rhomphaia's blade was straight or only slightly curved, while the falx's blade was significantly curved. Because its straighter blade facilitated a thrusting motion, as well as an overhead or sidewards hacking motion, the rhomphaia could be used by tightly packed troops as a defensive weapon. However, the straighter blade limited the use of the cutting edge.

Roman
Rhomphaia was first a "spear", later a "sword" (Plutarch: Life of Aemilius Paulus 18; Eustathius, on Iliad verse VI 166; Hesychius; also Luke 2:35 and the Revelation of John of Patmos, several times.). In Latin, it has the forms:
 * rumpia (Livy, Aulus Gellius, Ascon. ad Mil.)
 * romphea (Isidore of Seville.),
 * romphaea vel romfea (CGL 7, 212).

W. Tomaschek listed the Bulgarian roféja, rufja "thunderbolt" and the Albanian rrufeja as derivatives of that word. In Albanian folk beliefs the lightning was regarded as the "fire of the sky" (zjarri i qiellit) and was considered the "weapon of the deity" (arma/pushka e perëndisë), indeed an Albanian word to refer to the lightning is rrufeja, related to the Thracian rhomphaia.

The Thracian rhomphaia contains the stem *rump- in the Latin rumpo, -ere "to break, to tear".

Byzantine
A weapon called rhomphaia was also mentioned in Michael Psellos' Chronographia where he describes it as a "one-edged sword of heavy iron which they [the palace guards at Constantinople] carry suspended from the right shoulder". This was possibly a reference to the Varangian Guard and their two handed axe, probably a Dane axe. However, Niketas Choniates describes the bodyguards of the emperor Andronikos I Komnenos as removing "the two-edged swords from their shoulders". Being two-edged, these weapons do not resemble Dane axes.

It is also mentioned in Anna Komnene's Alexiad. She explains that during the battle, her father, Alexios I Komnenos, fought against the rebel Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder. Alexius happened upon a horse saddled for an emperor, which also had a number of grooms, some of whom "had in their hands the great iron swords which normally accompany the emperors". They seem to have been very distinctive for the Byzantines who, after an initial rout, saw "the general display of the royal horse with its insignia and the sight of the great swords (which all but spoke for themselves) convinced them that the news was true: Bryennius, who was guarded by these swords, had fallen into the hands of his enemies".

The word 'rhomphaia' is preserved in modern Greek, with the meaning of "big broad sword".

title: Rhomphaia


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User talk:Gmspider

Welcome!
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Rob Church Talk 11:57, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
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Welcome Sarah
Dear Sarah, See, other wikipedians are eager to welcome you to... It's a great day for wikipedia that you joined us. --Cyril Thomas 12:09, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gmspider


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473 Nolli

Nolli (minor planet designation: 473 Nolli) is a rather small asteroid that may be in the Eunomia family. It was discovered by Max Wolf on February 13, 1901, but only observed for 1 month so it became a lost asteroid for many decades. It was recovered in 1987, 86 years after its discovery.

title: 473 Nolli


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User talk:Itub

Archives: 2006-2007, 2008 (01-06), User talk:Itub/2008-2011

User:Itub/Chembox property count 2
Would it be possible to run your script again on the pages and create a new version of User:Itub/Chembox property count, I'd be interested to see how it progressed. Thanks. --Dirk Beetstra T C 11:28, 8 September 2011 (UTC)
 * As you can see, I haven't logged in to Wikipedia in many months... I'd have to see if I can find the script that I used to generate that table, but I'm currently away from the computer where it might be found. --Itub (talk) 19:06, 1 January 2012 (UTC)

All files in category Unclassified Chemical Structures listed for deletion
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AfD on a page you have previously edited or commented on a previous Afd
You are invited to join the discussion at Articles for deletion/Quantum fiction (2nd nomination).  Ron h jones (Talk) 23:17, 9 June 2012 (UTC)

Merge discussion for Three-center four-electron bond
An article that you have been involved in editing, Three-center four-electron bond, has been proposed for a merge with another article. If you are interested in the merge discussion, please participate by going, and adding your comments on the discussion page. Thank you. Officer781 (talk) 08:19, 27 March 2013 (UTC)

List of oxidation states of the elements
What are the Gd(I) and Tb(I) compounds referred to? (I'm curious.) Double sharp (talk) 11:29, 6 November 2013 (UTC)

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See this link
…for a proposed change under discussion, on an article in which you have had interest:. Cheers, Le Prof Leprof 7272 (talk) 14:57, 2 June 2014 (UTC)

Hello, and important ongoing discussion
Very nice to meet you, sorry to have taken so long to spot you. See my User page, hidden though it is (un-gray by clicking on Edit tab), to see who hails you. Also …concerning the future direction of the Natural Products article, in a current sorry state, and avoided for its current structure and constraints, see. Perhaps you have a view to express. Le Prof Leprof 7272 (talk) 18:30, 3 June 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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"E numberE626" listed at Redirects for discussion
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Speedy deletion nomination of Francium hydroxide

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FAR for iridium
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title: User talk:Itub


text:
474 Prudentia

Prudentia (minor planet designation: 474 Prudentia) (1901 GD) is a Main-belt asteroid discovered on 13 February 1901 by Max Wolf at Heidelberg.

title: 474 Prudentia


text:
Swing When You're Winning

Swing When You're Winning is a swing cover album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams, and his fourth studio album overall. It was released in the United Kingdom on 19 November 2001 and peaked at number one on the UK Albums Chart.

The album's title is a play on Williams' previous album Sing When You're Winning. In 2013, Williams returned to swing for his tenth studio album Swings Both Ways. Unlike Swing When You're Winning, however, the sequel is nearly evenly divided between covers and original songs penned by Williams and Guy Chambers.

Background
After the success of his third studio album, Sing When You're Winning, Williams wanted to take another musical direction. Williams had been asked to guest on a swing or traditional-style version of the standard, “That Old Black Magic” as a duet with Jane Horrocks the year before. The song had been previously recorded by Frank Sinatra amongst others, and this era of music, singing standards with an orchestra, along with an old-fashioned, Rat Pack glamour, was a style that Williams was fond of. Inspired by this, he took two weeks off his tour to record what would be his fourth studio album, an album he described as the "big band album he had always dreamed of making." The album was released in November 2001. Consisting mainly of swing covers common to the Great American Songbook, the album counts as Williams' fourth studio album. Aside from the title, the album is not directly associated with Williams' previous album, Sing When You're Winning. Born from his lifelong love for Frank Sinatra, combined with the success of the track "Have You Met Miss Jones?" that he recorded for the film Bridget Jones's Diary in early 2001, the album was recorded at the Capitol Studios in Los Angeles, and was symbolically released under the Capitol label.

The album features duets with actors Rupert Everett, Nicole Kidman, Jon Lovitz and Jane Horrocks, as well as a special guest performance from Williams' friend and former flatmate Jonathan Wilkes. Surprisingly the album features a duet with Frank Sinatra who died in 1998, on the song "It Was a Very Good Year", in which the instrumental backing track is sampled from the original Sinatra recording, the first two verses are sung by Williams, and, for the third and fourth verses, Sinatra's original vocal track is used. Williams explains this came about after one of his session musicians played his vocals to Sinatra's family. This musician was purportedly a good friend of the family, and played with Sinatra on the original release of "It Was a Very Good Year". Another surprising guest musician is pianist Bill Miller, who accompanies Williams on "One for My Baby". Miller played on many of Sinatra's tours and recordings, among them, the original 1954 soundtrack recording of "One for My Baby" and the 1958 Capitol studio recording. Additionally, backing musicians for portions of the album include the London Session Orchestra. The album's lead song, "I Will Talk and Hollywood Will Listen", is the only original song on the album. Additionally, Robbie Williams' cover of Bobby Darin’s classic "Beyond the Sea" was playing over the closing credits of the 2003 Disney/Pixar animated motion picture Finding Nemo.

Critical reception
In a retrospective review John Bush of AllMusic rated the album four out of five stars, saying the album is "a surprisingly natural fit with its intended target: '50s trad-pop patriarchs like Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin. And just like those two loveable rogues, Williams has brawled and boozed in the past, but isn't afraid to wear his heart on his sleeve; in fact, he's one of the few modern pop stars to fully embrace affecting balladry and nuanced singing." American publication Slant Magazine also rated the album four out of five stars, saying the album is "doused with cheeky humor" and that "Britain's bad boy proves that not only can he artfully capture our attention, he's actually worthy of it." NME were more mixed in their opinion, rating the album 5/10 and saying the album "mistakes celebrity for entertainment, cabaret for class."

Commercial performance
The album spent 57 weeks on the UK Albums Chart, certified 7× Platinum, and became the 49th best-selling album of all-time in the UK. In Germany, the album has become Williams' best-selling album there, selling more than 1,500,000 copies being certified 5× Platinum. The album debuted at No. 1 and stayed there for nine non-consecutive weeks. It managed to stay 83 weeks on the German Albums Chart, nineteen weeks of those in the top 10. Thanks to its success, it became the fourth best-selling album of the decade in Germany. In 2001 the album was the 17th best-selling album globally, selling 4.4 million copies.

Legacy
Entertainment.ie credits the album for starting a "craze" for big band tribute-style albums. Pop Idol: The Big Band Album (2002), an album of big band songs sung by the contestants of series 1 of Pop Idol, was one such similar album inspired by Swing When You're Winning. Zoe Birkett, one of the contestants who performs on the album, said "we've all listened to [Swing When You're Winning] and it's really brilliant music." Westlife's Rat Pack covers album ...Allow Us to Be Frank (2004) was also inspired by Swing When You're Winning, and was compared to it in reviews.

Singles
"Somethin' Stupid", a duet with Nicole Kidman, was released as the album's first single. A cover of Frank and Nancy Sinatra, the song became Williams' fifth number 1 in the United Kingdom, selling almost 100,000 copies in the week of release, as well as hitting the top spot in Argentina, New Zealand, Latvia and scoring top ten placings all over Europe. It became one of the biggest hits of 2001, selling over 200,000 copies in the UK alone after spending three weeks at the top of the charts, being certified Silver in January 2002.

A double A-side of "Mr. Bojangles" and "I Will Talk and Hollywood Will Listen" was released as the album's second and final single; however, it was only released in Central and Eastern Europe.

Live performances
A live performance of the album from The Royal Albert Hall was released on DVD in December 2001. It has become one of the best selling music DVDs of all time in Europe, being certified 6× Platinum in the United Kingdom alone and 2× Platinum in Germany. The performance includes renditions of nearly all of the songs from the album, with guest appearances from Jonathan Wilkes, Jon Lovitz, and Jane Horrocks, as well as a live version of Robbie's 'duet' with Frank Sinatra. Rupert Everett emceed, and Nicole Kidman attended the show, but neither performed their duets featured on the album. Thus, "They Can't Take That Away from Me" and "Somethin' Stupid" were the only songs from the album which were not performed live. Additionally, there were three songs performed live which did not appear on the album: "The Lady Is a Tramp", which featured as a B-side to "Mr. Bojangles", and "Let's Face the Music and Dance" and "My Way", which features as B-sides to "Somethin' Stupid".

On the occasion of the European premiere of the Disney movie Finding Nemo in November 2003 in Berlin, Williams, accompanied by a youth orchestra, gave a live performance of several songs of the album in the subway station "Bundestag" (which at that time was only structurally completed) in front of a few hundred invited premiere guests.

Williams gave a rare performance of "Mack the Knife" at Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Concert in June 2012, and he performed four songs from this album on his first Swing tour in 2014, in promotion of his second swing album Swings Both Ways.

Track listing
All tracks produced by Guy Chambers; except "Somethin' Stupid" and "Things" produced by Chambers and Steve Power.

Notes
 * "It Was a Very Good Year": Original recording produced by Sonny Burke.
 * "They Can't Take That Away from Me": Rupert Everett's vocals produced by Nicky Holland.

Personnel

 * Robbie Williams – vocals
 * Chuck Berghofer – bass guitar
 * Bruce Otto – trombone
 * Wayne Bergeron – trumpet
 * Ralph Salmins – drums
 * Jim Cox – piano
 * Craig Ware – trombone
 * Gary Foster – alto saxophone
 * Harold Jones – drums
 * Andy Macintosh – alto saxophone
 * Alex Illes – trombone
 * Beverley Dahlke-Smith – baritone saxophone
 * Chuck Findley – trumpet
 * George Doering – guitar
 * Phil Todd – baritone saxophone
 * Sam Burgess – double bass
 * Sal Lozano – tenor saxophone
 * Bill Miller – piano
 * Frank Ricotti – percussion
 * Dave Stewart – trombone
 * Stuart Brooks – trumpet
 * Eric Marienthal – alto saxophone
 * Gordon Campbell – trombone
 * John Barclay – trumpet
 * Dan Higgins – alto saxophone
 * Dave Bishop – tenor saxophone
 * Greg Huckins – baritone saxophone
 * Andy Martin – trombone
 * Brian Kilgore – percussion
 * Phil Teele – trombone
 * Dave Catlin-Birch – bass guitar
 * Chris White – tenor saxophone
 * Jamie Talbot – saxophone
 * Jeff Bunnell – trumpet
 * Bill Liston – alto saxophone
 * Mitch Dalton – electric guitar
 * Paul Spong – trumpet
 * Anthony Kerr – vibraphone
 * Steve Sidwell – trumpet
 * Brian Kilgore – percussion
 * Steven Holtman – trombone
 * Dave Arch – piano
 * Dennis Farias – trumpet

title: Swing When You're Winning


text: Talk:Tate Britain

title: Talk:Tate Britain


text:
Denford Stakes

 * }

The Denford Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old horses. It is run at Newbury over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in August.

History
The event was originally named after Washington Singer (1866–1934), a prominent racehorse owner and philanthropist. It has been won by several subsequent Classic winners, including Rodrigo de Triano, Lammtarra and Haafhd.

The race is currently restricted to horses which have not won at Group level, and whose sires achieved victory at distances in excess of 1 mile and 1½ furlongs, or 1,900 metres.

Sponsors of the Washington Singer Stakes have included Usk Valley Stud, Matalan and Denford Stud, and in recent years it has been run under various sponsored titles. The race title formally changed to the Denford Stakes from the 2017 running.

Records
Leading jockey since 1986 (4 wins):
 * Frankie Dettori – Sharp Nephew (2007), Cry of Freedom (2008), Janood (2010), Escobar (2016)

Leading trainer since 1986 (4 wins):
 * Barry Hills – State Fair (1996), Bahr (1997), Valentine Girl (1998), Haafhd (2003)
 * Mark Johnston – ''Dubai’s Touch (2006), Cry Of Freedom (2008), Somewhat (2013), Thunderous (2019)

title: Denford Stakes


text: Category:Hotels in Russia

title: Category:Hotels in Russia


text:
475 Ocllo

Ocllo (minor planet designation: 475 Ocllo) is a large Mars-crossing asteroid. It was discovered by American astronomer DeLisle Stewart on August 14, 1901 and was assigned a provisional name of 1901 HN.

Photometric observations of this asteroid at the Organ Mesa Observatory in Las Cruces, New Mexico during 2010 gave a light curve with a period of 7.3151 ± 0.0002 hours and a brightness variation of 0.66 ± 0.04 in magnitude.

title: 475 Ocllo


text:
Clayton J. Lonetree

Clayton J. Lonetree (born November 6, 1961) is a former U.S. Marine who was court-martialed and convicted of espionage for the Soviet KGB; he served nine years in prison for espionage. During the early 1980s, Lonetree was a Marine Corps Security Guard stationed at the Embassy of the United States in Moscow.

Lonetree is the first U.S. Marine to be convicted of spying against the United States. Lonetree, who was stationed in Moscow as a guard at the U.S. Embassy in the early 1980s, confessed in 1987 to selling documents to the Soviet Union. Lonetree was seduced by a 25-year-old female KGB officer named "Violetta Seina" in that year. He was then blackmailed into handing over documents when he was assigned to Vienna, Austria, including the blueprints of the U.S. Embassy buildings in Moscow and Vienna and the names and identities of U.S. undercover intelligence agents in the Soviet Union.

Early life and education
Lonetree's father is a Native American of the Winnebago tribe, and his mother is a Native american of the Navajo.

Career
Lonetree was tried in a court martial at Quantico, Virginia and convicted of all 13 counts - six of espionage, three of conspiracy to commit espionage and four of violating general regulations - on August 21, 1987.

Lonetree faced the possibility of a life sentence or being shot dead by a firing squad, but initially received a 30-year sentence with a reduction in rank from E-5 to E-1, a fine of $5,000, the loss of all military pay and allowances, and a dishonorable discharge.

In 1989, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, Gen. Alfred M. Gray Jr., wrote a letter to the Secretary of the Navy recommending that Lonetree's sentence be reduced from 30 to 15 years. Gray wrote that the effect of Private Lonetree's actions "was minimal." In addition, he said, the Marine's motivation "was not treason or greed, but rather the lovesick response of a naive, young, immature and lonely troop in a lonely and hostile environment." Lonetree's sentence was subsequently reduced to 15 years.

In May 1991, Lonetree filed an appeal, asking that his conviction and sentence be overturned because he had never learned the identity of one accuser, but this was denied.

Some of the serious security breaches at the embassy which were alleged to have been the work of Lonetree were found to have been done by CIA mole Aldrich Ames.

Lonetree was released in 1996 after serving nine years at the United States Disciplinary Barracks.

According to Time magazine: Marine Sergeant Clayton Lonetree, 25, was so highly regarded at his job as security guard at the U.S. embassy in Moscow that in November 1985 he was detached for special duty at the Reagan–Gorbachev summit in Geneva. Last week Lonetree sat in a brig at the Marine base at Quantico, Va., suspected by his superiors of helping the Soviet KGB filch classified U.S. documents from diplomatic offices in Moscow and Vienna. Lonetree, authorities said, had an affair with a female KGB agent who was reportedly working as a translator at the embassy.

In 2001, Lonetree testified as an expert witness at the trial of former United States Army Reserve Colonel George Trofimoff, who was charged with spying for the KGB. After remorsefully describing his own recruitment by the Soviet State, Lonetree publicly sobbed on the witness stand and apologized for his actions. Colonel Trofimoff was subsequently convicted of espionage and sentenced to life imprisonment.

title: Clayton J. Lonetree


text:
Talk:WULM

Untitled
The problem with calling this article WULM-AM is that these are not the call letters of the station. However, because other (non-radio) uses on Wikipedia of radio call letters are possible, the emerging standard is to use (AM), (FM), or (TV) in parentheses where those letters do not form part of the call letters. Please consider moving this article back to WULM (AM). -- SwissCelt 12:02, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:WULM


text:
Talk:Instrument of Government (1772)

Sources, move
Can we have any external links and sources on this? Also, I'd like to move this article to Swedish Constitution of 1772, so the name of the country is in the article's title, as seems to be our usual custom on Wiki. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 12:03, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Swedish "Constitution"?
Why this document is called Constitution when even by their authors it was not called in that way and it doesn't have legal form of constitution? --Blueye (talk) 07:48, 10 January 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Instrument of Government (1772)


text:
Per Johansson (trade unionist)

Per Johansson (born 1960?) is a Swedish trade unionist, a Communist and labor organizer. He worked for Connex in the Stockholm Metro and was the leader of the local branch of the Swedish Union for Service and Communications Employees (SEKO), "club 119". Johansson was fired in late September 2005. According to SEKO it was due to complaints of neglected security and safety conditions for workers and passengers, while Connex asserted that Johansson was guilty of harassing and threatening colleagues and the management. The firing of the union leader resulted in a wildcat strike amongst the subway workers in Stockholm on the morning of October 6, 2005. More strikes followed in November. These were organised by a rival union, the anarcho-syndicalist SAC. The dismissal was challenged in the Swedish Labour Court (Arbetsdomstolen), which found that the dismissal was lawful and justified.

In the 1990s, Johansson was also a member of the Justice Party - the Socialists, a trotskyist organization.

title: Per Johansson (trade unionist)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mtsaturn

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. -R. fiend 04:52, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Mtsaturn
Non-notable name derived from, according to the article, the initials of a certain person (non-notable) and the name of the planet. Refers to a web site, and little else. Rob Church Talk 12:04, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn, ad, contextless, contentless ...  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  12:27, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Rogerd 12:35, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. utcursch | talk 12:46, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The web site that this article is trying to promote is not notable. --Metropolitan90 03:49, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Auburn Tigers football

The Auburn Tigers football program represents Auburn University in the sport of American college football. Auburn competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

Auburn officially began competing in intercollegiate football in 1892. The Tigers joined the Southeastern Conference in 1932 as one of the inaugural members of the conference and the Tigers began competing in the West Division when the conference divided in 1992. Auburn has achieved 12 undefeated seasons, won 16 conference championships, along with 10 divisional championships. The Tigers have made 44 post season bowl appearances, including 12 historically major bowl berths. With over 798 total wins, Auburn is the 13th winningest FBS program. The Tigers claim two national championships; 1957 and 2010.

The Tigers have produced three Heisman Trophy winners: quarterback Pat Sullivan in 1971, running back Bo Jackson in 1985, and quarterback Cam Newton in 2010. Auburn has also produced 31 consensus All-American players. The College Football Hall of Fame has inducted a total of 12 individuals from Auburn, including eight student-athletes and four head coaches: John Heisman, Mike Donahue, Ralph Jordan, and Pat Dye. Jordan, who coached from 1951 to 1975, led Auburn to its first national championship and won a total of 176 games, the most by any Auburn coach.

Auburn's home stadium is Jordan–Hare Stadium, which opened in 1939 and becomes Alabama's fifth largest city on gamedays with a capacity of 88,043. Auburn's arch rival is in-state foe Alabama. The Tigers and Crimson Tide meet annually in the Iron Bowl, one of the biggest rivalries in all of sports.

History
Auburn claims two national championships: 1957 and 2010. Three Auburn players, Pat Sullivan in 1971, Bo Jackson in 1985, and Cam Newton in 2010 have won the Heisman Trophy. The Trophy's namesake, John Heisman, coached at Auburn from 1895 until 1899. Auburn is the only school that Heisman coached at (among others, Georgia Tech and Clemson) that has produced a Heisman Trophy winner. Auburn's Jordan–Hare Stadium has a capacity of 88,043 ranking as the tenth-largest on-campus stadium in the NCAA as of January 2011. Auburn played the first football game in the Deep South in 1892 against the University of Georgia at Piedmont Park in Atlanta, Georgia. The Tigers' first bowl appearance was in 1937 in the sixth Bacardi Bowl played in Havana, Cuba. AU Football has won 12 conference championships (8 SEC), has had seven perfect seasons, and since the division of the conference in 1992, six outright western division championships (1997, 2000, 2004, 2010, 2013, 2017) along with three additional co-championships. Auburn plays archrival Alabama each year in a game known as the Iron Bowl. In the overall series with Alabama, Auburn trails Alabama 42–35–1, despite holding an 18–14 advantage in games played since 1982. Of the 14 SEC member universities, Auburn currently ranks 5th in the number of SEC football championships.

Auburn completed the 2004 football season with an unblemished 13–0 record winning the SEC championship, their first conference title since 1989 and their first outright title since 1987. However, this achievement was somewhat overshadowed by the Tigers being left out of the BCS championship game in deference to two other undefeated, higher ranked teams, USC and Oklahoma. The 2004 team was led by quarterback Jason Campbell (Washington Redskins), running backs Carnell Williams (Tampa Bay Buccaneers) and Ronnie Brown (Miami Dolphins), and cornerback Carlos Rogers (Washington Redskins).

Auburn completed the 2010 football season with a perfect record of 13–0 winning the SEC championship when they defeated the University of South Carolina 56–17, which set an SEC Championship Game record for most points scored and largest margin of victory. The Tigers went on to defeat the Oregon Ducks 22–19 in their first appearance in the BCS National Championship Game on January 10, 2011, in Glendale, Arizona. The 2010 team was led by quarterback Cam Newton, who became the Heisman trophy winner of 2010 along with multiple other awards.

Auburn completed the 2013 regular season with an 11–1 record by knocking off then #1 Alabama. Auburn went on to defeat #5 Missouri 59–42 in the 2013 SEC Championship Game to claim its eighth SEC championship. Auburn faced #1 Florida State in the 2014 BCS National Championship Game at the Rose Bowl, falling to the Seminoles in the final seconds, 31–34. The Tigers finished the season with a 12–2 record and ranked #2 in the final AP and Coaches polls.

Program success
In terms of winning percentage, Auburn ranks as the 15th most successful team of all time (1869-2019) with a 63.052% win rate.

The College Football Research Center lists Auburn as the 14th best college football program in history, with eight Auburn squads listed in Billingsley's Top 200 Teams of All Time (1869–2010). The Bleacher Report placed Auburn as the 18th best program of all time in their power rankings conducted after the 2010 season. In 2013, College Football Data Warehouse, a website dedicated to the historical data of college football, listed Auburn 13th all-time. After the 2008 season, ESPN ranked Auburn the 21st most prestigious program in history. Additional noteworthy outlets to rank Auburn in the top 25 all time were College Football News, who put the Tigers at 13th all time after the 2018 season, and the Associated Press, who ranked Auburn 15th all time after the 2017 season.

The Associated Press poll statistics show Auburn with the 11th best national record of being ranked in the final AP Poll and 14th overall (ranked 503 times out of 1058 polls since the poll began in 1936), with an average ranking of 11.2. Since the Coaches Poll first released a final poll in 1950, Auburn has 26 seasons where the team finished ranked in the top 20 in both the AP and Coaches Polls.

Auburn has also had success against teams ranked number one in the nation. The Tigers have beaten seven teams ranked number one in either the AP, Coaches, Bowl Championship Series (BCS), or College Football Playoff (CFP) rankings. The BCS was created in 1998 to guarantee bowl game matchups between the top teams, including a national championship game between the two top-ranked teams. The BCS was discontinued in 2014 and replaced by the CFP, which organizes a four-team playoff and national championship game.

Conference affiliations
Auburn has been both independent and affiliated with three conferences.
 * Independent (1892–1894)
 * Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (1895–1920)
 * Southern Conference (1921–1932)
 * Southeastern Conference (1933–present)

National championships
Six Auburn teams have been awarded a national championship from NCAA-designated major selectors—1910, 1913, 1957, 1983, 1993, and 2010. The 1957 and 2010 championships are consensus national championships and claimed by the university.

 * 1910 season

 * 1913 season

The 1913 team was coached by Mike Donahue and was undefeated at 8–0, outscoring opponents 224–13. Auburn, led by senior captain Kirk Newell, finished as SIAA champions for the first time in school history. Newell, also a member of the Upsilon Chapter of Pi Kappa Alpha, went on to be a World War I hero and member of the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame. In 1999, the 1913 Tigers were awarded a national title by the Billingsley Report under their Billingsley MOV (margin of victory) formula, one of two formulas used by Billingsley at the time.

 * 1957 season

The 1957 Auburn Tigers, led by coach Ralph "Shug" Jordan, finished with a perfect 10–0 record, marking the school's first ever SEC championship. Auburn was recognized as national champions by the AP Poll even though they were on probation and did not participate in a bowl game. This was the school's first recognized national championship. The 1957 title is shared with Ohio State, who was named the national champion by the Coaches' Poll. This was the first of only two times in the history of the AP championship that it was awarded to a team on probation not allowed to participate in a bowl game (it would occur again in 1974 with Oklahoma).

 * 1983 season

The 1983 Auburn Tigers, led by head coach Pat Dye and running back Bo Jackson, finished 11–1 after playing the nation's toughest schedule. Their only loss came against No.3 Texas, who defeated the Tigers, 20–7. Auburn went on to defeat No.8 Michigan, 9–7, in the Sugar Bowl. Despite entering the bowl games ranked third in both major polls, and with both teams ranked higher losing their bowl games, the Tigers ended ranked third in the final AP poll. The New York Times ranked Auburn number one at the conclusion of the season, as did several other math system selectors. Later, the Billingsley Report math system retroactively listed Auburn at number one. The universally recognized national champions for 1983 are the Miami Hurricanes.

 * 1993 season

Head coach Terry Bowden led the 1993 team to a perfect season in his first year on the Plains. The Tigers were the only undefeated team in major college football; however, they were banned from playing on television or post-season games due to NCAA violations. Rival Alabama was sent to the SEC Championship Game as the substitute representative of the Western Division. Auburn finished ranked fourth in the nation by the Associated Press. However, Auburn was on NCAA probation in 1993 and ineligible for post season play.

 * 2010 season

The Tigers, led by head coach Gene Chizik and Gus Malzahn, completed a 12–0 regular season record and defeated South Carolina in the 2010 SEC Championship Game. On October 24, 2010, Auburn was ranked first in the BCS polls for the first time in school history. On January 10, 2011, Auburn defeated Oregon in the BCS National Championship Game in Glendale, Arizona, 22–19. It was the school's second claimed national title, but their first undisputed title. Their quarterback, Cam Newton, became the Tigers' third Heisman Trophy winner. He had a total of 2,854 yards passing and 30 passing touchdowns. He also rushed for 1,473 yards and 20 touchdowns. Auburn went on to have two first round picks in the 2011 NFL draft with Cam Newton going number one and Nick Fairley going 13th.

Conference championships
Auburn officially has won 16 total conference championships, including seven SIAA Championships, one Southern Conference Championship, and eight SEC Championships.

† Co-champions

Division championships
Since divisional play began in 1992, Auburn has won the SEC Western Division championship and gone on to the conference title game on six occasions and is 3–3 in the SEC Championship Game. The most recent appearance came in 2017 as Auburn completed the regular season 10–2, losing a rematch to Georgia in the 2017 SEC Championship Game. Auburn has also shared the Western Division title, but did not play in the championship game due to tiebreakers on three occasions. Auburn also finished the 1993 season in first place in the division but was not eligible for postseason play.

† Co-champions

Head coaches
Auburn has had 28 head coaches, and three interim head coaches, since it began play during the 1892 season. On November 29, 2022, Hugh Freeze was named head coach of the Tigers. The team has played more than 1,200 games over 120 seasons. In that time, eight coaches have led the Tigers in postseason bowl games: Jack Meagher, Ralph Jordan, Pat Dye, Terry Bowden, Tommy Tuberville, Gene Chizik, Gus Malzahn, and Bryan Harsin. Billy Watkins, Mike Donahue, Chet A. Wynne, Jordan, Dye, Tuberville, Chizik, and Malzahn won a combined 12 conference championships. During their tenures, Jordan and Chizik each won national championships with the Tigers.

Bowl games
Auburn has participated in 45 bowls in total, with the Tigers garnering a record of 24–19–2.

Rivalries
Historically, Auburn has two main rivals, the cross-state Alabama Crimson Tide in the Iron Bowl, and the bordering Georgia Bulldogs in the Deep South's Oldest Rivalry.

Alabama
Alabama leads the series 50–37–1 through the 2023 season.

Clemson
Auburn leads 34–15–2 through the 2018 season.

Florida
Auburn leads 43–39–2 through the 2019 season.

Georgia
Georgia leads 64–56–8 through the 2023 season.

Georgia Tech
Auburn leads the series 47–41–4 through the 2017 season.

LSU
LSU leads 30–24–1 through the 2023 season.

Ole Miss
Auburn leads the series 35–12 through the 2023 season.

Tennessee
Auburn leads 29–22–3 through the 2020 season.

Tulane
Tulane leads the series 17–15–6 through the 2019 season.

Tiger Walk
Before each Auburn home football game, thousands of Auburn fans line Donahue Drive to cheer on the team as they walk from the Auburn Athletic Complex to Jordan–Hare Stadium. The tradition began in the 1950s when groups of kids would walk up the street to greet the team and get autographs. During the tenure of coach Doug Barfield, the coach urged fans to come out and support the team, and thousands did. Today the team walks down the hill and into the stadium surrounded by fans who pat them on the back and shake their hands as they walk. The largest Tiger Walk occurred on December 2, 1989, before the first ever home football game against rival Alabama—the Iron Bowl. On that day, an estimated 20,000 fans packed the one block section of road leading to the stadium. According to former athletic director David Housel, Tiger Walk has become "the most copied tradition in all of college football".

"War Eagle"

There are many stories surrounding the origins of Auburn's battle cry, "War Eagle". The most popular account involves the first Auburn football game in 1892 between Auburn and the University of Georgia. According to the story, in the stands that day was an old Civil War soldier with an eagle he had found injured on a battlefield and kept as a pet. The eagle broke free and began to soar over the field, and Auburn began to march toward the Georgia end-zone. The crowd began to chant, "War Eagle" as the eagle soared. After Auburn won the game, the eagle crashed to the field and died but, according to the legend, his spirit lives on every time an Auburn man or woman yells "War Eagle!" The battle cry of "War Eagle" also functions as a greeting for those associated with the university. For many years, a live golden eagle has embodied the spirit of this tradition. The eagle was once housed on campus in The A. Elwyn Hamer Jr. Aviary (which was the second largest single-bird enclosure in the country), but the aviary was taken down in 2003 and the eagle moved to a nearby raptor center. The eagle, War Eagle VI (nicknamed "Tiger"), was trained in 2000 to fly free around the stadium before every home game to the delight of fans. The present eagle, War Eagle VIII (nicknamed "Aurea"), continues the tradition. War Eagle VI is believed to be the inspiration behind the 2005–2006 Auburn Cheerleading squad's chant, "Tigers, Tigers, Gooooooo Tigers!"

Toomer's Corner
The intersection of Magnolia Avenue and College Street in Auburn, which marks the transition from downtown Auburn to the university campus, is known as Toomer's Corner. It is named after Toomer's Drugs, a small store on the corner that has been an Auburn landmark since 1896. Hanging over the corner were two massive old oak trees, planted in 1937, and whenever there was cause for celebration in the Auburn community, toilet paper could usually be found hanging from the trees. Also known as "rolling the corner", this tradition originated after Auburn upset No.2 Alabama in the 1972 Iron Bowl, The famous 'Punt Bama Punt' Game. "We beat the 'number 2' out of Alabama." Until the mid-1990s, the tradition was relegated to only celebrating athletic wins.

The oak trees were cut down by the university in April 2013, as a result of their being poisoned by Harvey Updyke Jr., a fan of rival Alabama.

Wreck Tech Pajama Parade
The Wreck Tech Pajama Parade originated in 1896, when a group of mischievous Auburn students, determined to show up the more well-known engineers from Georgia Tech, snuck out of their dorms the night before the football game between Auburn and Tech and greased the railroad tracks. According to the story, the train carrying the Tech team slid through town and didn't stop until it was halfway to the neighboring town of Loachapoka, Alabama. The Tech team was forced to walk the five miles back to Auburn and, not surprisingly, were rather weary at the end of their journey. This likely contributed to their 45–0 loss. While the railroad long ago ceased to be the way teams traveled to Auburn and students never greased the tracks again, the tradition continues in the form of a parade through downtown Auburn. Students parade through the streets in their pajamas and organizations build floats.

Award winners
A number of Auburn players and coaches have won national awards, including 66 players being named as college football All-Americans. The Tigers also have 11 coaches and players who have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in Atlanta.

Retired numbers
The Tigers have retired three numbers to date, honoring the following players:

National awards
Players

Coaches

1st Team All-Americans
† Consensus All-American ‡ Unanimous All-American

Conference opponents
From 1992 to 2023, Auburn played in the West Division of the SEC and played each opponent in the division each year along with several teams from the East Division. The SEC will expand the conference to 16 teams and will eliminate its two divisions in 2024, causing a new scheduling format for the Tigers to play against the other members of the conference. Only the 2024 conference schedule was announced on June 14, 2023, while the conference still considers a new format for the future.

Non-conference opponents
Announced schedules as of April 13, 2024.

title: Auburn Tigers football


text:
Great helm

The great helm or heaume, also called pot helm, bucket helm and barrel helm, is a helmet of the High Middle Ages which arose in the late twelfth century in the context of the Crusades and remained in use until the fourteenth century. The barreled style was used by knights in most West European armies between about 1210 to 1340 AD and evolved into the frog-mouth helm to be primarily used during jousting contests.

History
In its simplest form, the great helm was a flat-topped cylinder of steel that completely covered the head and had only very small openings for ventilation and vision. Later designs gained more of a curved design, particularly on the top, to deflect or lessen the impact of blows. The helmet was also extended downward until it reached shoulders.

The great helm ultimately evolved from the nasal helmet, which had been produced in a flat-topped variant with a square profile by about 1180. From this type of helmet an intermediate type, called an 'enclosed helmet' or 'primitive great helm', developed near the end of the 12th century. In this helmet the expansion of the nasal produced a full face-plate, pierced for sight and breathing. This helmet was largely superseded by the true great helm by c. 1240.

A later variant with a more conical top is known as a 'sugarloaf helm'. In Spanish they are called yelmo de Zaragoza, referring to Zaragoza where they were introduced for the first time in the Iberian peninsula.

Although the great helm offered vastly superior protection than previous helmets, such as the nasal helm and spangenhelm, it limited the wearer's peripheral vision, and in addition to being heavy, the mass-produced form (flat-topped without ventilation holes) provided little ventilation and could quickly overheat in hot weather. Knights usually wore the great helm over a mail coif (hood) sometimes in conjunction with a close-fitting iron skull cap known as a cervelliere. The later development of the cervelliere, the bascinet, was also worn beneath the great helm; men-at-arms would often remove the great helm after the first clash of lances, for greater vision and freedom of movement in melee combat. The bascinet had a mail curtain attached, a camail or aventail, which superseded the coif. Mail throat and neck defences such as these were made obsolete when plate gorgets were introduced, around 1400.

The bascinet evolved from its early skull cap form to supersede the great helm for combat. The great helm fell into disuse during the 15th century; however it was used commonly in tournaments where a version of the great helm, the frog-mouthed tilting helm, evolved.

Somewhere around 1600 Great helms became a popular part of Funeral Achievements.

Decoration
The Great Helm was often blackened, lacquered or painted, and frequently bore decorations such as:
 * Ventilation decoration (crosses and symbols)
 * Visor (horizontal and vertical "cross") decorations
 * Crests, such as crowns, feathers, caps of maintenance, wings, lions, etc.

Contemporary reenactors
The great helm is today especially popular amongst live-action role players and used in Medieval reenactment of the 13th and 14th centuries. It is inexpensive, easy to manufacture with even rudimentary equipment (metal scissors, drill, rudimentary anvil, rivets and hammer), and provides good protection for the head against both sharp and blunt weapons. Its biggest drawback is the square edges, that crumple very easily under blunt force trauma, and poor ventilation and air circulation. This can make it very hot in warm weather, although not much heavier, hotter or more cumbersome than a number of other medieval helmet styles. However period-accurate methods of padding and suspending the helmet can drastically improve the wearer's experiences.

Modern reenactment versions of great helms weigh 1.5 to 3 kg. They are sometimes but not always made from thicker steel than medieval originals yet are not usually overly heavy, cumbersome, or uncomfortable. Although visor slits are usually only some 20–30 mm wide, they do not greatly restrict the field of vision as they are very close to the wearer's eyes to reduce parallax.

title: Great helm


text:
Lebanese–Syrian Security Apparatus

The Lebanese–Syrian Security Apparatus is a network of intelligence officers and security leaders in Syria and Lebanon that is believed to have been the actual ruling power behind the government during the Syrian Hegemony period that ended in 2005.

title: Lebanese–Syrian Security Apparatus


text:
Helminthic therapy

Helminthic therapy, an experimental type of immunotherapy, is the treatment of autoimmune diseases and immune disorders by means of deliberate infestation with a helminth or with the eggs of a helminth. Helminths are parasitic worms such as hookworms, whipworms, and threadworms that have evolved to live within a host organism on which they rely for nutrients. These worms are members of two phyla: nematodes, which are primarily used in human helminthic therapy, and flat worms (trematodes).

Helminthic therapy consists of the inoculation of the patient with specific parasitic intestinal nematodes (or other helminths). A number of such organisms are currently being investigated for their use as treatment, including: Trichuris suis ova, commonly known as pig whipworm eggs; Necator americanus, commonly known as hookworms; Trichuris trichiura ova, commonly referred to as human whipworm eggs; and Hymenolepis diminuta, commonly known as rat tapeworm cysticerci.

While the latter four species may be considered to be mutualists – providing benefit to their host without causing longterm harm – there are other helminth species that have demonstrated therapeutic effects but which also have a potential to cause less desirable or even harmful effects and therefore do not share the ideal characteristics for a therapeutic helminth. These include Ascaris lumbricoides, commonly known as human giant roundworm; Strongyloides stercoralis,  commonly known as human roundworm; Enterobius vermicularis,  commonly known as pinworm or threadworm; and Hymenolepis nana,  also known as dwarf tapeworm.

Current research targets Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease, multiple sclerosis and asthma.

Helminth infection has emerged as one possible explanation for the low incidence of autoimmune diseases and allergies in less developed countries, while reduced infection rates have been linked with the significant and sustained increase in autoimmune diseases seen in industrialized countries.

Incidence of autoimmune diseases and parasitic infestation
While it is recognized that there is probably a genetic disposition in certain individuals for the development of autoimmune diseases, the rate of increase in incidence of autoimmune diseases is not a result of genetic changes in humans; the increased rate of autoimmune-related diseases in the industrialized world is occurring in too short a time to be explained in this way. There is evidence that one of the primary reasons for the increase in autoimmune diseases in industrialized nations is the significant change in environmental factors over the last century. It is posited that the absence of exposure to certain parasites, bacteria, and viruses is playing a significant role in the development of autoimmune diseases in the more sanitized and industrialized Western nations.

Lack of exposure to naturally occurring pathogens and parasites may result in an increased incidence of autoimmune diseases. Correlational data has shown the prevalence of helminthic infections to be greatest south of the equator where the rates of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis are low. This is consistent with the hygiene hypothesis which suggests that helminthic infections protect individuals from developing auto-immune diseases rather than being an agent responsible for inducing them. A complete explanation of how environmental factors play a role in autoimmune diseases has still not been proposed. Epidemiological studies such as the meta-analysis by Leonardi-Bee et al., however, have helped to establish the link between parasitic infestation and their protective role in autoimmune disease development.

Hypotheses
Although the mechanism(s) of autoimmune disease development is(are) not fully understood, there is broad agreement that the majority of autoimmune diseases are caused by inappropriate immunological responses to innocuous antigens; these are generally called the hygiene hypothesis, but exist in several variants.

One version proposes that the dysfunction is driven by a branch of the immune system known as the T helper cells (T$h$ or TH). Two other refinements to the hygiene hypothesis exist: The "old friends" hypothesis, and the "microbiome depletion" hypothesis.

TH1 vs. TH2 response regulation
Extra-cellular antigens primarily trigger the TH2 response, as observed with allergies, while intracellular antigens trigger a TH1 response. T$h$ cells can be divided into subtypes based on the characteristic cytokines they secrete. TH2 immune responses result in the release of cytokines associated with inflammation reduction such as interleukin 4, interleukin 5, and interleukin 10.

These cytokines are thought to reduce the symptoms of many autoimmune disorders. Conversely, TH1 immune responses are characterized by the cytokines interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), both of which are thought to increase inflammation and worsen the progression of autoimmune diseases and their symptoms. The antagonism between these two types of immune response is a central theme of one proposal for the biological basis of the hygiene hypothesis, which suggests that there is a regulatory action between the two types of response.

The observation that allergies and autoimmune response are increasing at a similar rate in industrialized nations appears to undermine this explanation of hygiene hypothesis.

Learned appropriate response
The hygiene hypothesis proposes that appropriate immune response is in part learned by exposure to micro-organisms and parasites, and in part regulated by their presence. In industrialized nations, humans are exposed to somewhat lower levels of these organisms, potentially resulting in unbalanced immune systems.

The development of vaccines, hygienic practices, and effective medical care have diminished or eliminated the prevalence and impact of many parasitic organisms, as well as bacterial and viral infections. This has been of obvious benefit with the effective eradication of many diseases that have plagued human beings. However, while many severe diseases have been eradicated, humans' exposure to benign and apparently beneficial parasites has also been reduced commensurately.

The central thrust of the hypothesis is, therefore, that correct development of regulatory T cells in individuals may depend on exposure to organisms such as lactobacilli, various mycobacteria, and helminths. Lack of exposure to sufficient benign antigens, particularly during childhood, is sometimes suggested as a cause of the increase in autoimmune diseases and diseases for which chronic inflammation is a major component in the industrialized world.

Old friends hypothesis
The old friends hypothesis modifies the hygiene hypothesis by proposing that regulatory T cells can only become fully effective if they are stimulated by exposure to microorganisms and parasites that have low levels of pathogenicity and that have coexisted universally with human beings throughout our evolutionary history. This hypothesis has recently been given more credibility by a study demonstrating the impact of infectious organisms, and helminths in particular, upon genes responsible for the production of various cytokines, some involved in the regulation of inflammation, in particular those associated with the development of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and celiac disease.

Microbiome depletion hypothesis
The microbiome depletion hypothesis posits that the absence of an entire class of organisms from the human inner ecology is a profound evolutionary mismatch that destabilizes the immune system, resulting in disease: The microbiome is "depleted". The way to correct the dysregulation is to "reconstitute", or replenish, keystone species in healthy individuals prior to the development of human diseases of modern living.

As keystone organisms, helminths are central to correcting immune dysregulation, and their replenishment may prevent disease. The biome depletion hypothesis departs from a drug model approach, which remains the current focus of helminthic therapy as evidenced by numerous clinical trials now underway for existing disease states.

Proposed mechanism of action
Experimental data support the hypothesis that clinically induced helminthic infections have the ability to alleviate or mitigate immune responses. Most autoimmune disorders are believed to involve hyperactive TH1 or TH17 immune responses that are down-regulated by the promotion of a TH2 response by helminths. Helminths secrete immunoregulatory molecules that promote the induction of regulatory T cells while inhibiting the function of antigen presenting cells and other T cells. As such, helminthic therapy attempts to restore homeostasis by shifting a hyperactive TH1 pro-inflammatory response to a TH2 response with reduced inflammation.

Human and animal studies have provided evidence of decreased TH1 and TH17 immune responses with a shift to TH2 cytokine production resulting in significantly decreased levels of interleukin 12 and IFNy with simultaneous increases in the regulatory T cells, interleukin 4, interleukin 5 and interleukin 10 of test subjects. These observations indicate that helminth therapy can provide protection against autoimmune disease not only through prevention, since helminths can be present before autoimmune disease develops, but also after autoimmune responses are initiated. Furthermore, responses of type-2 T helper cells rarely kill the parasitic worms. Rather, the TH2 response limits the infection by reducing the viability and reproductive capacity of the parasite.

Given the down regulation of TH1 and TH17 immune responses with helminthic therapy, immune responses to other pathogens and allergens may be suppressed. Consequently, unmonitored and uncontrolled helminthic infections may be associated with suppressed immunity to the viruses and bacteria that normally trigger TH1 and TH17 immune responses required for protection against them, leading to illness or disease.

Research
Evidence in support of the idea that helminthic infections reduce the severity of autoimmune diseases is primarily derived from animal models. Studies conducted on mice and rat models of colitis, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, and asthma have shown helminth-infected subjects to display protection from the disease. The first clinical studies of helminthic therapy in humans started in 2003 with the use of Trichirus suis. While helminths are often considered a homogenous group, considerable differences exist between species and the species used in clinical research varies between human and animal trials. As such, caution must be exercised when interpreting the results from animal models.

Helminthic therapy is currently being studied as a treatment for several (non-viral) autoimmune diseases in humans including celiac disease, Crohn's disease,    multiple sclerosis, ulcerative colitis, and atherosclerosis. It is currently unknown which clinical dose or species of helminth is the most effective method of treatment. Hookworms have been linked to reduced risk of developing asthma, while Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm infection) was associated with an increased risk of asthma. Similarly, Hymenolepis nana, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, Enterobius vermicularis, and Trichuris suis ova have all been found to lower the number of symptom exacerbations, reduce the number of symptom relapses, and decrease the number of new or enlarging brain lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis at doses ranging from 1,180 to 9,340 eggs per gram. However, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis and Enterobius vermicularis are not considered suitable for therapeutic use in humans because they do not meet the criteria for a therapeutic helminth.

Trichuris suis ova has been used in most cases to treat autoimmune disorders because it is thought to be non-pathogenic in humans and therefore has been presumed safe. The use of Trichuris suis ova has been granted by the USA Food and Drug Administration as an investigational medicinal product (IMP). It begins when the eggs are ingested. The worms then colonize the caecum and colon of the human gut for a short period of time. The beneficial effect is temporary because the worms only live for a few weeks. Because of this short life span, treatments need to be repeated at intervals. Trichirus suis removes any wider public health issues due to species-specificity and lack of chronic infection.

The hookworm Necator americanus has been granted an IMP license by the Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Authority in the U.K. Necator americanus larvae are administered percutaneously and migrate through the vasculature and lungs to the small intestine. They feed on the blood from the mucosa. This hookworm is likely to be relatively safe, although it can cause temporary gastrointestinal side effects, especially following the initial inoculation, or with increased doses. High doses can also cause anemia.

The general ideal characteristics for a therapeutic helminth are as follows:
 * Little or no pathogenic potential
 * Does not multiply in the host
 * Cannot be directly spread to close contacts
 * Produces a self-limited colonization in humans
 * Produces an asymptomatic colonization in humans
 * Does not alter behaviour in patients with depressed immunity
 * Is not affected by most commonly-used medications
 * Can be eradicated with an anti-helminthic drug
 * Can be isolated free of other potential pathogens
 * Can be isolated or produced in large numbers
 * Can be made stable for transport and storage
 * Easy to administer

Potential side effects
Helminths are extremely successful parasites capable of establishing long-lasting infections within a host. During this time, helminths compete with the host organism's cells for nutrient resources and thus possess the potential to cause harm. However, the number of organisms hosted by individuals undergoing helminthic therapy is very small and any side effects are typically only encountered in the first three months of infection. In the long term, the vast majority of clinically infected individuals are asymptomatic, with no significant nutrient loss. In fact, nutrient uptake can be enhanced in some subjects who are hosting a small number of helminths. If the side effects from helminthic therapy were to become unmanageable, they can be alleviated by the use of anti-helminthic medications. The most common clinical symptoms which may be encountered while undergoing helminthic therapy can include:

 * Fatigue
 * Gastrointestinal discomfort
 * Anemia
 * Fever
 * Abdominal pain
 * Weight loss
 * Anorexia
 * Diarrhea
 * General malaise

title: Helminthic therapy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Steve's Gym

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. -R. fiend 04:49, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Steve's Gym
Non-notable sports facility. Wikipedia is not a Yellow Pages. Rob Church Talk 12:08, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn, ad  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  12:28, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete ad --Rogerd 12:33, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom Maltesedog 12:34, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ad. utcursch | talk 12:46, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete There Should be a Speedy Criteria for ads like those --JAranda | yeah 01:02, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete ad. - Mgm|(talk) 09:16, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Category:United States senators from Iowa

Members, past and present, who represented the state of Iowa in the United States Senate.


text:
Talk:Public school (United Kingdom)

Clarification requested
"Until the war, the role of public schools in preparing pupils for the gentlemanly elite meant that such education, particularly in its classical focus and social mannerism, became a mark of the ruling class."
 * 5.1 Associations with the ruling class

The reference may be : Journal Article The Gentleman Ideal and the Maintenance of a Political Elite: Two Case Studies: Confucian Education in the Tang, Sung, Ming and Ching Dynasties; and the Late Victorian Public Schools (1870-1914) Rupert H. Wilkinson Sociology of Education Vol. 37, No. 1 (Autumn, 1963), pp. 9-26 Published by: American Sociological Association DOI: 10.2307/2112137 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2112137 This needs a JSTOR account in order to check. I am not sure if the concept should be manners, or mannerisms but not mannerism (singular) ClemRutter (talk) 18:06, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia Library gives out free JSTOR subscriptions to active editors. see https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ Rjensen (talk) 18:20, 9 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Resource Exchange is a good place to request copies of articles. I canemail you a pdf of the article if you would like - just email me via Wikipedia and I will reply with the pdf. DuncanHill (talk) 22:35, 9 July 2020 (UTC)

Link to List of Victoria Crosses by School
I note the link to the above list was deleted on 4/10/21, when the list itself was deleted. I am disappointed to see this list disappear. It was deleted, noting the discussion, on grounds of 'lack of notability', 'advertising/marketing/puffery', 'trivia'. It is too late for me to join the deletion discussion but I do fundamentally disagree. The value of the list is being part of UK and Commonwealth social and economic history evidencing the role of (mostly) public schools in proving the officer class in the UK armed forces. Indeed it also shows how officers may well be over represented as recipients of this medal. I am unsure how this deletion may be appealed.Hjamesberglen

Definition
I am removing (temporarily) the ISIS definiition of 1981. I eventually sourced this. It is a 22 page A5 size booklet (40 pence at the time!). The definition used in the article is heavily paraphrased or even embellished from that of the booklet. In short, as it stands it is not a good citation. Unfortunately I do not have this little gem with me at the moment and I may be a month away from seeing it again. When I get access again I will cite the correct ISIS definition of 1981. Also I am reformatting in sequence and also style. Hjamesberglen (talk) 18:41, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

 * that's fine, I don't see it as a showstopper for the GAN. If you can tidy up the lists of schools overseas and of TV documentaries - we just need a couple of cited lines about the topics, not primary-cited lists of examples in each case - we can proceed to GA. Chiswick Chap (talk) 18:51, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

The "public" in public school
Public schools were originally so named because they were operated by the people, in contradistinction to church schools, which weren't. This should be included in the lead paragraph; instead of being squeezed out like juice from a recalcitrant lemon later in the article. Nuttyskin (talk) 16:10, 23 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Public school (United Kingdom)