text:
TrinityRoots

TrinityRoots are a band based in Wellington, New Zealand. Although they are commonly associated with New Zealand reggae they also embody a stripped back, jazz and soul-influenced rhythmic sound, which often builds up to highly emotional drum- and guitar-led crescendos.

Like their contemporaries Fat Freddy's Drop, TrinityRoots formed a loyal fan base through live performances and word of mouth. They played alongside international acts including Ben Harper, Lee Scratch Perry, The Mad Professor, as well as local bands such as Fat Freddys Drop, Salmonella Dub and Che Fu. TrinityRoots has also toured small towns on sellout tours. The band's song "Little Things" was featured prominently in an episode of the cartoon bro'Town.

Before breaking up in 2005, the band released a self-titled EP and two albums, True and Home, Land and Sea. Both albums reached Platinum status in New Zealand with virtually no advertising or media attention.

The band separated in 2005, playing their final concert in February 2005 in a sellout concert to raise relief funds for the Boxing Day Tsunami at the Wellington Town Hall. This material was released in 2010 with accompanying documentary footage as Music Is Choice.

All members of the band, past and present, are involved in other musical projects and continued making music after the 2005 break-up. Lead singer and guitarist Warren Maxwell was a member of Fat Freddy's Drop until late 2006 when he left to spend more time with family, and is the frontman of the acclaimed group Little Bushman. Bassist Rio Hemopo has released solo music and is involved with Breaks Co-op as a member of their live band. Drummer Riki Gooch has also released solo music under his own name and as Eru Dangerspiel, as well as playing and producing for many other artists and projects such as Neil Finn, Hollie Smith and Ria Hall.

In early September 2010, Trinity Roots announced they had re-formed and embarked on a tour of New Zealand.

In July 2011, the band announced that Riki Gooch was leaving. Wellington-based drummer Jean Pompey has replaced him. Gooch had previously left the band after the recording of their first EP, and was replaced by Darren Mathiassen. Gooch returned to the band during the time that True was being recorded, hence both Mathiassen and Gooch featuring in the album sleeve notes. The song "D by D" was written by Mathiassen.

Current band members

 * Warren Maxwell (lead vocals/guitar)
 * Trinity Roots 082 (51460517670).jpgTrinity Roots 216 (51459814643).jpg Hemopo (backing vocals/bass)
 * Ben Lemi (backing vocals/guitar/drums)

title: TrinityRoots


text:
User:Donsfan

A typical donsfan is a passionate, rangers hating ned. we love to have fights, drink beer and chant dirty things at the referee. we are notorious around the footballing world and are proud sheep-sh**gers!!

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Donsfan


text:
Talk:Jack White (reporter)

Year of birth
No news account I've read has given the year of his death, but 2005–63 = 1942, so I'll go with that for now. If anyone knows for sure, please be sure to correct it, or if it's right as is, note so here. --zenohockey 05:01, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Right you are, Don Pardo. WPRI confirms it in this article's screen capture. — Dan Johnson TC 05:56, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Jack White (reporter)


text:
Talk:Logitech

Picture
The current picture seems a bit old. Shouldn't we post it of one of their leading products, such as the G5 or MX1000? Also, this is an article focusing on Logitech. I don't think there should be a Microsoft product right next to it. If anyone has a G5, mind posting a picture? My Logitech mouse is certainly a little bit more modern, but the G5 is probably their most well known product. --EndTasked 00:51, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Fixed! njan 17:42, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

As of Dec 2019, the main picture of the article shows a grandiose complex, with the caption "Logitech's headquarters". That picture is actually of the entire EPFL campus in Lausanne, Switzerland: the Logitech's offices (not sure it's the headquarters) are one small building barely visible in the top right corner. Meaning, it's actually this building. I sometimes visit the area; if I can, next time I will take a picture with no copyrights attached, as a replacement. 85.218.35.184 (talk) 03:26, 7 December 2019 (UTC)

 * As of Dec 2019, the main picture of the article showed a grandiose complex, with the caption "Logitech's headquarters". That picture was actually of the entire EPFL campus in Lausanne, Switzerland. I replaced it with a public domain picture that shows the real offices. Amicotoni (talk) 10:10, 6 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Looks good, Thanks! ··· 日本穣 ·  投稿  · Talk to Nihonjoe ·  Join WP Japan ! 16:48, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

Logitech Page Refresh -
Hello! So sorry that my first request wasn't clear enough @spintendo! Here are the reasons and verbatim text for each claim being changed.

1. Please remove the last sentence in the opening section:' The name Logitech is derived from the French word for software, "logiciel".[3] In Japan, Logitech was established as Logicool to avoid conflict with the Logitec brand. ''

2. Reason for change being made:''' This isn't general information about the Logitech brand, it is a part of the brand's history and should be included in the history section. Additionally, the Logicool information is not cited and therefor should not be listed.

1. Please remove the second sentence in the history section:' For a time during its formative years, Logitech's Silicon Valley offices occupied space at 165 University Avenue, Palo Alto, California, home to a number of noted technology startups.[6]

2. Please add the following claim as the second sentence in the history section: The founders chose the name Logitech based on the French word for software, “logiciel”

3. Using as the reference: Campbell-Dollaghan, Kelsey. "The Life and Untimely Death of Technology's Weirdest Logo". Gizmodo. Gizmodo. Retrieved July 30, 2019.

4. Reason for change being made: The original information was not particularly relevant to Logitech as a company. It is not where their office currently is, or where they were founded. The information of where their name came from is a much more relevant piece of history.

1. Please remove the third sentence in the history section:' In 2007, Logitech licensed Hillcrest Labs' Freespace motion control technology to produce the MX Air Mouse, which allows a user to use natural gestures to control a PC.[7][8]

2. Please add the following claim as the third sentence in the history section: The company was originally focused on software, and wanted to develop a software product that would let users interact with a computer visually. Logitech realized that the computer mouse was a growth opportunity, and their decision to produce one became a turning point for the company. Logitech introduced its first hardware device, the P4 mouse, for users of graphic software in 1982

3. Using as the reference: Logitech History" (PDF). Logitech.com. Logitech. Retrieved July 30, 2019. Hitt, Michael; Duane, Ireland; Hoskisson, Robert (2014). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases: Competitiveness and Globalization. Cengage Learning, 2014. p. 273. ISBN 9781305142732.

4. Reason for change being made: Logitech made other hardware advancements. It's out of place and doesn't tell a cohesive story to include just one achievement.

1. Please remove the fourth sentence in the history section: In August 2008, Logitech acquired Ultimate Ears, supplier of custom in-ear monitors for professional musicians and Bluetooth speakers for the consumer market.[9]

2. Please add the following claim as the fourth sentence in the history section: Since then, Logitech has expanded its product portfolio far beyond computer mice. In 1988, the company produced its first non-mouse peripheral, a handheld scanner.

3. Using as the reference: "Logitech International S.A. History". Funding Universe. Funding Universe. Retrieved July 30, 2019.

4. Reason for change being made: A majority of this History section is just acquisitions the company has made. Therefore, it makes more sense to break them out into their own section of the page. I will suggest that edit in a separate post

1. Please remove the fifth sentence in the history section: In December 2009, Logitech acquired video conferencing equipment maker Lifesize Communications.[11]

2. Please add the following claim as the fifth sentence in the history section: Over the coming years, Logitech introduced products to their portfolio including computer keyboards, a digital still camera, a headphone/microphone, a joystick gaming peripheral, and a webcam on a flexible arm.

3. Using as the reference: Hitt, Michael; Duane, Ireland; Hoskisson, Robert (2014). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases: Competitiveness and Globalization. Cengage Learning, 2014. p. 273. ISBN 9781305142732

4. Reason for change being made: Primary source. Also, a majority of this History section is just acquisitions the company has made. Therefore, it makes more sense to break them out into their own section of the page. I will suggest that edit in a separate post

1. Please remove the sixth sentence in the history section: In July 2011, Logitech acquired the mobile visual communications provider, Mirial.[12]

2. Please add the following claim as the sixth sentence in the history section: Starting in 1981, founders Daniel Borel and Pierluigi Zappacosta shared CEO duties. However, in 1997, Zappacosta left Logitech to become chairman of Digital Persona Inc. and Borel retired to the position of company chairman the following year

3. Using as the reference: "Logitech International S.A. History". Funding Universe. Funding Universe. Retrieved July 30, 2019.

4. Reason for change being made: A majority of this History section is just acquisitions the company has made. Therefore, it makes more sense to break them out into their own section of the page. I will suggest that edit in a separate post

1. Please remove the seventh sentence in the history section: In January 2013, Bracken Darrell became Logitech’s chief executive officer and then CEO Guerrino De Luca continued as Logitech’s chairman of the board.[13]

2. Please add the following claim as the seventh sentence in the history section: Logitech then brought in Guerrino De Luca, a former executive at Apple Computer, to fill the role of CEO in 1998

3. Using as the reference: "Logitech International S.A. History". Funding Universe. Funding Universe. Retrieved July 30, 2019.

4. Reason for change being made: There were multiple changes in leadership at this point in time, which are not accurately reflected here.

1. Please remove the eighth sentence in the history section: In January 2016, Logitech spun off the video conferencing equipment maker Lifesize.[14][15][16]

2. Please add the following claim as the eighth sentence in the history section: De Luca lead the company for over a decade, before Gerald Quindlen took on the role in 2008. Quindlen held the CEO position until 2012, when the company began to experience net losses and profits began to take a downturn due to a changing technology market and distribution issues in Europe

3. Using as the reference: Mijuk, Goran (2011-07-28). "Logitech's CEO Resigns Amid Recent Stumbles". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2019-10-22

4. Reason for change being made: A majority of this History section is just acquisitions/sales the company has made. Therefore, it makes more sense to break them out into their own section of the page. I will suggest that edit in a separate post. And as stated previously, multiple changes in leadership were made that were not accurately reflected in the original document.

1. Please remove the ninth sentence in the history section: On 15 September 2016, Logitech announced that they had purchased the Saitek brand and assets from Mad Catz for US$13 million in cash.[18]

2. Please add the following claim as the ninth sentence in the history section: De Luca then returned to the CEO position on an interim basis until the company’s current CEO, Bracken Darrell was selected in 2012. Since Darrell became CEO, Logitech has begun to focus heavily on its gaming category, creativity and productivity division, and video collaboration. Darrell has stated that “nothing is recession proof, but these categories are recession resistant. In a down environment people are going to cut their travel budgets, so video will go up. In gaming, in a down environment people don’t want to go out so much and spend as much money, so they will probably play more games.”

3. Using as the reference: Logitech can consider much bigger deals than before: CEO". Reuters. 2019-03-06. Retrieved 2019-10-22.

4. Reason for change being made: A majority of this History section is just acquisitions/sales the company has made. Therefore, it makes more sense to break them out into their own section of the page. I will suggest that edit in a separate post

1. Please remove the tenth sentence in the history section: On 11 August 2017, Logitech acquired Astro Gaming, makers of professional gaming equipment (mainly headset solutions), for US$85 million in cash.[19]

4. Reason for change being made: A majority of this History section is just acquisitions/sales the company has made. Therefore, it makes more sense to break them out into their own section of the page. I will suggest that edit in a separate post

1. Please remove the eleventh sentence in the history section: In July 2018, Logitech announced plans to acquire Blue Microphones for US$117 million.[20]

4. Reason for change being made: A majority of this History section is just acquisitions/sales the company has made. Therefore, it makes more sense to break them out into their own section of the page. I will suggest that edit in a separate post

1. Please remove the twelfth sentence in the history section: On 19 August 2018, Logitech announced the launch of their most advanced Ergonomic Mouse called "MX Vertical".[21] It features a vertical angle of 57 degrees, It also comes with a USB-C charging port.[22] The product shipped for sales in September 2018.[23]

4. Reason for change being made: Why only highlight one product that Logitech makes? This is an odd choice and doesn't pertain to the history of the company. Also a primary source is used

1. Please remove the thirteenth sentence in the history section: Logitech acquired Streamlabs, a platform for tools to help streamers with monetization, in September 2019, for about US$89 million with an option of US$29 million in stock for meeting future performance metrics.[24]

4. Reason for change being made: A majority of this History section is just acquisitions/sales the company has made. Therefore, it makes more sense to break them out into their own section of the page. I will suggest that edit in a separate post

Here are my suggested edits in a paragraph form with citations already included for your convince:

The founders chose the name Logitech based on the French word for software, “logiciel”. The company was originally focused on software, and wanted to develop a software product that would let users interact with a computer visually. Logitech realized that the computer mouse was a growth opportunity, and their decision to produce one became a turning point for the company. Logitech introduced its first hardware device, the P4 mouse, for users of graphic software in 1982.

Since then, Logitech has expanded its product portfolio far beyond computer mice. In 1988, the company produced its first non-mouse peripheral, a handheld scanner. Over the coming years, Logitech introduced products to their portfolio including computer keyboards, a digital still camera, a headphone/microphone, a joystick gaming peripheral, and a webcam on a flexible arm.

Starting in 1981, founders Daniel Borel and Pierluigi Zappacosta shared CEO duties. However, in 1997, Zappacosta left Logitech to become chairman of Digital Persona Inc. and Borel retired to the position of company chairman the following year. Logitech then brought in Guerrino De Luca, a former executive at Apple Computer, to fill the role of CEO in 1998.

De Luca lead the company for over a decade, before Gerald Quindlen took on the role in 2008. Quindlen held the CEO position until 2012, when the company began to experience net losses and profits began to take a downturn due to a changing technology market and distribution issues in Europe. De Luca then returned to the CEO position on an interim basis until the company’s current CEO, Bracken Darrell was selected in 2012. Since Darrell became CEO, Logitech has begun to focus heavily on its gaming category, creativity and productivity division, and video collaboration. Darrell has stated that “nothing is recession proof, but these categories are recession resistant. In a down environment people are going to cut their travel budgets, so video will go up. In gaming, in a down environment people don’t want to go out so much and spend as much money, so they will probably play more games.”

CiaraAislingLoughnane (talk) 20:54, 28 October 2019 (UTC)

Including An Acquisitions/Brands section
Since a large part of the previous history section was giving information about Logitech's various acquisitions and brands, I propose that we create a separate section of the page to discuss those in more depth, and to ensure that the history section of the page is dedicated to only the company history. Here is my suggested new section.

Product and Brands

Logitech is the parent company for seven separate brands: Logitech, Logitech G, Ultimate Ears, Jaybird, Astro Gaming, Blue Microphones, and Streamlabs.

The Logitech brand focuses on various creativity and productivity product offerings, such as mice, keyboards, webcams, video collaboration products, and smart home devices.

Logitech G was created by Logitech after the success of their GSeries gaming products in 2014. The brand creates PC gaming peripherals such as headsets, keyboards, mice, and racing wheels.

Ultimate Ears was acquired in 2008 for $34 million USD and creates portable Bluetooth speakers and professional in-ear monitors.

In 2016, Logitech acquired Jaybird for $50 million USD. The brand creates wireless headphones marketed for running and other outdoor activities.

ASTRO Gaming was acquired by Logitech in 2017 for $85 million USD. ASTRO Gaming focuses on producing console gaming headsets.

Logitech acquired Blue Microphones in 2018 for $117 million. Blue is known for USB condenser microphones.

Most Recently, Logitech acquired Streamlabs in 2019 for approximately $89 million.

CiaraAislingLoughnane (talk) 20:53, 28 October 2019 (UTC)

Reply 30-OCT-2019
Below you will see where proposals from your request have been quoted with reviewer decisions and feedback inserted underneath, either accepting, declining or otherwise commenting upon your proposal(s). Please read the enclosed notes within the proposal review section below for information on each request. Spintendo 10:35, 30 October 2019 (UTC)

information
what are the changes of logitech mouse from customer insights? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 103.144.192.197 (talk) 19:32, 14 September 2020 (UTC)

Audio
Surprised by the lack of information on Logitech audio systems. Especially the "THX" speaker systems with 7" / 8" / 10" ported reflex and 6.5" ported bandpass subwoofers (Z623, Z-560/Z-2200/Z-680/Z-2300/Z906, Z-5500 and Z-5300/Z-5300e/Z-5400/Z-5450), and the systems based on the Labtec LCS-2424's passive radiator bandpass subwoofer design (Z-340/Z-540/Z-640/X-620/Z-3/Z-4/Z-3e/Z-4i). Maybe I'll fix this one day. --91.125.45.23 (talk) 17:42, 30 January 2021 (UTC)

Is mentioning the Titan incident really necessary?
The little blurb under the pic of the F710 is funny and all, but will this Titan incident REALLY be THAT notable in Logitech's history? MantleM (talk) 04:12, 25 June 2023 (UTC)

 * Agreed, it's nonsense. There very well may have been a BIC pen onboard, shall we add that to the article for the BIC company? No. The controller played no role in the disaster. I'll take it out. cheers. anastrophe, an editor he is. 04:25, 25 June 2023 (UTC)

'Provenance' of Logitech
The company's 'foundation' is routinely bounced around in the first sentence. Swiss-American. American-Swiss. Swiss. It seems to bother some editors have America even mentioned, even though Logitech's history - in the fullest sense - began in America when Borel and Zappacosta were engineering students at Stanford University, in California, United States. The history is muddled however on the original incorporation. Some 'histories' suggest that they began as "Metaphor, Inc.", in 1981. Where that incorporation occurred, I can't find. But other sources suggest that "Metaphor" was simply the name of the first wireless mouse, produced by logitech. We do know that logitech was founded in Switzerland, and is incorporated there. However, it is also incorporated in the U.S., U.K., and dozens of other countries around the world. It is a multinational, global company. Logitech established their presence in American near-simultaneously with their founding in Switzerland. We need to find a common ground. Logitech is a global/multinational company, founded in Switzerland but with "headquarters" around the world. This need to be presented neutrally, and with respect to the facts. Let's work together on finding a suitable wording/solution, rather than serially reverting. cheers. anastrophe, an editor he is. 19:32, 13 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Here's my suggestion: "Logitech International S.A. is a global manufacturer of computer peripherals and software, founded in and with primary headquarters in Switzerland." Or something like that. cheers. anastrophe, an editor he is. 19:38, 13 August 2023 (UTC)

 * "Logitech S.A.", situated in Ecublens (VD) near Lausanne on EPFL's campus, has a complex subsidiaries and (not publicly known?) ownership structure directly or indirectly reigning over many companies such as "Logitech Europe S.A.", "Logitech Schweiz AG", "Logitech US" in San Jose, and many more. But only "Logitech International S.A." – actually a holding comany – in Hautemorges (actually in the village and former municipality Apples, but belongs now to the municipality of Hautemorges), Vaud, Switzerland, is a Swiss company on the SIX Swiss Exchange (LOGN) and on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (LOGI). As the SEC filings and the annual report (SEC-form: 10-K) for the fiscal year 2023 in the chapter Company Overview states: "Founded in 1981, and headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, Logitech International is a Swiss public company listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange (LOGN) and on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (LOGI). Logitech’s website address is www.logitech.com."
 * Everything else are subsidiaries or directly owned companies of "Logitech .S.A.". – I think this is enough proof for its only HQ in Ecublens/Lausanne (VD), Switzerland. q.e.d. ZH8000 (talk) 22:17, 13 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Yes. And no. Not meaning to be difficult, honestly. The question is, is this article strictly and only about Logitech S.A.? Do we now exclude anything having to do with the many other subsidiaries, or the locations from which various headquarters previously existed? Obviously no. But perhaps the article - named simply Logitech - needs to take a someone broader perspective, keeping that in mind. I had also seen that 10-K filing just a few hours ago, and it does indeed confirm that Logitech S.A. proper is the corporate overlord, so to speak. But - to keep in spirit and in practice the notion that "Logitech" full-stop is broader, I feel the first sentence needs to clearly state the fact that Logitech is a global and/or multinational concern, because that's what it is. "Logitech S.A." as you rightly point out is ultimately a holding company - and that is not what this article is about. I can understand the bristling some people have at any mention of America, not that I agree with it. It is, per the evidence, not an "American-Swiss" company nor a "Swiss-American" company. It is a "Swiss-Hong Kong-Italy-Brazil-USA-Belgium"...you get the idea, company. Founded in Switzerland. Intimately involved in and 'headquartered' at one time in the USA, branching out ever further over the years.
 * I'm chattering too much here, a known disability of mine. Global/Multinational, founded/headquartered in Switzerland, or word to that effect, would be the most accurate characterization, IMHO. Now I'll shut up for others to chime in. cheers. anastrophe, an editor he is. 23:27, 13 August 2023 (UTC)
 * The company has been described as global at inception in the Routledge textbook Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Regional Development ISBN 9781134864034. Page 410 says "Mini case study 9.1 The global conception", and goes to describe Logitech as "a successful born-global business" founded in Apples, Vaud, Switzerland in 1981. The company expanded in the 1980s to add manufacturing in Ireland and Taiwan. The Sage textbook Entrepreneurial Management in Small Firms (ISBN 9781446242582) says on page 127 that Logitech's first customer was a large Swiss corporation (unnamed) requesting a word processor, but they soon pulled the plug. The second big Logitech customer was Ricoh needing a graphical workstation. Logitech developed their first stand-alone mouse product from one designed in Switzerland by Professor Jean-Daniel Nicoud. They produced their first mice entirely in Switzerland.
 * Logitech's office in Silicon Valley provided the connection which resulted in a big OEM order from HP in the early '80s. The HP mouse order put Logitech on the map, so to speak. The California location was never the "headquarters" of the company. I think we should only say "Swiss". Binksternet (talk) 03:11, 14 August 2023 (UTC)
 * A curious find amongst all of this - another company named logitech, unrelated to this logitech - https://logitech.uk.com/who-we-are/our-history . Odd! cheers. anastrophe, an editor he is. 04:01, 14 August 2023 (UTC)

Early history
The first paragraph of the history section is insufficient: too short, lacking very important developments. This section should be more than one paragraph! A lot happened in the 1980s and 1990s, especially the first wireless mouse. 21:42, 14 August 2023 (UTC) Binksternet (talk) 21:42, 14 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Strong agreement. While poking around on the previous matter, I ran across this: https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/politics-and-business-magazines/logitech-international-sa-0
 * However, I'm not sure how WP deals with use of _other_ encyclopedia content for content here. cheers. anastrophe, an editor he is. 21:52, 14 August 2023 (UTC)
 * WP:SECONDARY sources are best. Encyclopedias are tertiary.
 * Suggested source:
 * This author mentions another manufacturing plant in Fremont, California. Metcalfe uses Borel's nickname "Bobo". Binksternet (talk) 14:52, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Various sources talk about the timeline of innovation at Logitech.
 * 1981 founding of company
 * 1982 P4 opto-mechanical mouse
 * 1984 HP OEM mouse, huge boost to company
 * also 1984 First cordless mouse developed for Metaphor, based on infrared light beam requiring line-of-sight connection
 * 1985 First Logitech retail mouse, the C7
 * mid-1980s manufacturing added in Hsinchu, Taiwan, (some city in) Ireland, and Fremont, California, US. After opening in Ireland, the Swiss factory is shut down.
 * 1988 the company incorporates as Logitech International SA, initial public offering of stock, Zurich stock exchange
 * 1989 PC Mag Award for Multiscope OS/2 Debugger, a development tool
 * also 1989 Trackball product offered.
 * 1991 First cordless mouse with radio frequency connection. Left-hand and right-hand ergonomic Mouse Man products released.
 * 1994 main manufacturing moved to Suzhou, China. Logitech Ireland pivots to become an R&D center in Cork. The Fremont factory shuts down. The Taiwan factory retains small batch prototype capability.
 * 1998 Logitech acquires Connectix webcam company, then releases QuickCam, the first webcam with integrated microphone
 * I'm sure there are more milestones in the 1980s and 1990s. Binksternet (talk) 16:27, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm sure there are more milestones in the 1980s and 1990s. Binksternet (talk) 16:27, 15 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Logitech


text:
Milliken Memorial Community House

Milliken Memorial Community House, erected in 1928 in Elkton, Kentucky, is the first privately donated community house in America. The 13000 sqft mansion pioneered a new architectural program for public use. The house was commissioned by Mary Louise Milliken (1873–1936) and her husband Samuel Canning Childs (April 2, 1859 – 1934) in 1926.

Both were wealthy philanthropists and were responsible for the construction of over twenty hospitals and two churches throughout the United States. Childs was a wealthy businessman who had founded the American Food Store Company, a prominent Mid-Atlantic retail grocery chain. A Woman's Club was organized in Elkton in 1924 and Mr. & Mrs. Childs began formulating plans to construct a community center for this and other social groups. Designed for the specific purpose of housing community events and funded entirely by Mr. and Mrs. Childs, the building was to be a permanent memorial to the memory of her mother.

Construction of the building began in fall of that year (1927) and was completed in April during the next year (1928) at a cost of $75,000, equal to $1,478,000(2008) today. Average home cost in 1928 was 4,000 dollars.

Local contractor V.L. Price constructed the building and the architect responsible for the buildings design is Geo. S. Koyl and Marr & Holman Architects. The mansion is designed in the Neo-Classical style of Flemish bond brick with a large two-story portico on the main facade. The main section is two stories with a porte-cochere on the west facade and with a one-story apollarium ballroom wing at the rear.

The house was officially opened on April 11- April 12 in a two-day celebration. Mary Louise and Canning booked the Francis Craig Orchestra from RCA Records to play for the opening ball. Newspapers from Lexington and Nashville covered the event naming it one of the greatest successes of generosity ever recorded.

Book
Home Elsewhere was released on July 25 of 2007. The non-fiction book catalogs the history of the house, and the life of Mary Louise Milliken Childs and her project, the Milliken Memorial Community House. Matthew Colin Bailey completed the first book after 3 years of research. Home Elsewhere was pre-released in Todd County, Kentucky as a first edition. The statewide second edition was released in 2008 at Kentucky bookstores. The second edition was edited by James Coursey.

title: Milliken Memorial Community House


text:
Talk:Renuka

Renuka and Yellamma
Renuka and Yellamma are two completely separate personalities. Goddess Yellamma is an expansion of Durga-devi, who appeared to save the life of Renuka--the wife of sage Jamadagni. There are several versions to this Hindu narrative but most do not depict these two as identical. Rather, they are inseparable companions and most temples in India have two deities--a deity of Yellamma accompanied by a deity of Renuka.

Please see also: Hindu Deities and the Third Sex > Yellamma-Devi http://www.galva108.org/deities.html

-Amara Das Wilhelm author of "Tritiya-Prakriti: People of the Third Sex" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.65.75.22 (talk) 21:35, 2007 March 15 (UTC)
 * I agree, Renuka and Yellamma seem like totally different deities, since the Devi Renuka temple, at Mahur, Maharashtra, is mentioned in Devi Bhagawatam, as one of Devis important shrines, and is regarded as a Shakti Peetha, it is hard to imagine her as the same goddess as Yellamma, who is often projected as the goddess to low caste people, if not as a gram devta. Though Yellamma might be a later development out of Renuka cult! --Ekabhishek (talk) 13:59, 25 December 2008 (UTC)

Renuka Bhakat community
Respected to all person who are renuka bhakat. iwant to only that renuka bhakat mandli wouud be happend.pls contact me my self Rohit Joshi 09350878757 New Delhi —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 61.247.233.162 (talk) 08:27, 19 February 2007 (UTC).

In Andhra Pradesh, Renuka and yellama are considered as same. They are considered as Grama devatas. They have different names in different villages. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 218.248.14.71 (talk) 08:27, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

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Add'l reading
The additional reading section includes the Encyclopedia of Prostitution, but no mention of prostitution is in the current version of the article (although the goddess is mentioned in the Prostitution article). Should this article include something about daughters being dedicated to Renuka as prostitutes (as that article suggests)? IAmNitpicking (talk) 19:58, 10 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Renuka


text:
Master status

In sociology, the master status is the social position that is the primary identifying characteristic of an individual. The term master status is defined as "a status that has exceptional importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life." Master status can be ascribed or achieved.

Ascribed statuses are statuses born with—e.g., race, sex, etc. Achieved statuses are gained throughout life—e.g., mom, athlete, spouse, etc. When one of these statuses overpowers the others it can be determined as one's master status.

Origin
Everett Hughes first introduced the notion of master status in the 1940s, and it was the key subject of his address as the 53rd president of the American Sociological Association. In this address, he discussed "the tendency of observers to believe that one label or demographic category is more significant than any other aspect of the observed person's background, behavior or performance", with special reference to race. Everett Hughes presented the concept of Master Status in an article, “Dilemmas and Contradictions of Status” in the American Journal of Sociology. While his concept was influential, the term master status wasn't cited regularly until the 1970s. While it often perceives master status as negative, like race or gender discrimination, this isn't always the case (occupation status, for example).

Description
The master status is often the most important architecture of individual identity. Common characteristics are those of race or ethnicity, gender, sexuality, physical ability, age, economic standing, religion or spirituality, and education. Others include raising children, employment status; and disability or mental illness.

In perception, an individual's master status supersedes other identifying traits; for example, if a woman feels that her role as a mother is more important than her role as a woman, a daughter, etc., she is more likely to identify herself as a mother and to identify with other women who label themselves as such. An individual's master status dominates how they are perceived by others and their behavior towards them. More than other aspects of the status set, the master status affects how the individual behaves and how others behave with respect to them.

Master status in society
Master status can be seen in everyday life (e.g., gendered bathrooms, handicapped signs, fame, occupation, etc.). These identities often control individual interactions. People may treat one differently depending on their master status. These examples are often social constructs that humans create to understand the world we live in.

Criminal courts' decision making based on master status
From data taken on about 370 different criminal court case decisions, studies have focused on the creation of a master status based on gang membership and the influence that has on charging and sentencing decisions. Various statuses such as “drug addict,” “mentally ill,” “child abuser,” “alcoholic,” and “ex-convict” have a big impact on decision-making. Statuses like these modify personal identity and limit alternatives and opportunities in the eyes of those in charge of sentencing. Stereotypes and master statuses can not be confused because while a stereotype indicates in this scenario that the observer is the one who filters any additional information about the case at hand, a master status heavily influences any final decisions made even when other information may be relevant. Over the years, gang and non-gang offenses have been carefully looked at because of this master status notion.

Plessy vs. Ferguson
In this court case, race was evident as a master status, as the Supreme Court upheld racial segregation allowing advantages to white individuals. It occurred after African American Homer Plessy refused to sit in a car for blacks. The court ruled that a law that “implies merely a legal distinction” between color was "not unconstitutional.” This distinction is an example of a master status, in this case discrimination occurs due to ones master status.

Right to vote
Until 1920, women were prohibited from voting in elections. This exemplifies the master status of gender as it overpowered other aspects of a woman's identity. Allowing women to vote limited the power of this master status.

title: Master status


text:
Hoyleton, South Australia

Hoyleton (formerly Hoyle's Plains) is a former railway town in South Australia, west of the Clare Valley, halfway between Leasingham and Halbury.

Hoyle's Plains was the original terminus of the Port Wakefield railway line. This was constructed in 1869 as a horse-drawn tramway to assist farmers on the newly settled Hoyles Plains to get their grain to the port.

The Gladstone railway line ran from Balaklava to Blyth and further on into the Mid North of the state. Due to various reasons, this particular line had become obsolete and the tracks were dismantled in the late 1980s. The original historic stone railway shed remains standing alongside the grain silos which are still in use, but now serviced by road.

Sir Walter Watson Hughes, one of the founders of the University of Adelaide, originally owned a pastoral lease at Hoyleton in the 1850s. He later went on to own vast copper mining interests at Wallaroo, on the Yorke Peninsula.

The Hoyleton Airbase to the west of the township is a base for firefighting aircraft to quickly respond to reports of fires in the Mid North region.

Government
Hoyleton is in the Wakefield Regional Council local government area, the State Electoral District of Goyder and the Federal Electorate of Grey.

title: Hoyleton, South Australia


text:
User:Yadev

Yadev Niraula

Yadev Niraula born in remote district of Eastern Nepal in the district of Terathum and went to Indis at the age of Nine along with his family and persued education in political science and History Presently he is in working for the cause of children in Nepal

title: User:Yadev


text:
Joey Comeau

Joey Comeau (born September 26, 1980) is a Canadian writer. He is best known for writing the text of the webcomic A Softer World, and for his novels Lockpick Pornography and Overqualified.

Career
In 2003, Comeau co-created the webcomic A Softer World with Emily Horne. His first novel, Lockpick Pornography, was serialized on the A Softer World site prior to publication in book form by Loose Teeth Press.

Excerpts from his novel Overqualified were included in the 2010 Best American Nonrequired Reading. The first 20 chapters of his novel One Bloody Thing After Another were serialized on the National Post's book blog and the book was nominated for the 2010 Shirley Jackson Award. One Bloody Thing After Another was also nominated for the 2011 ReLit Awards. The Globe and Mail review of One Bloody Thing After Another was generally critical, concluding that the novel did not succeed as either horror or comedy, while the reviewer in the Toronto Star wrote "As a fast-paced, fragmented tale of terror for an accelerated culture, it's bloody good."

In 2012 a sequel to Lockpick Pornography titled We All Got It Coming was released for free on the Internet before being published together with the original in The Complete Lockpick Pornography.

A review of Comeau's 2017 novel Malagash in The Globe and Mail called it "a surprisingly quiet, moody affair", but observed that "some characters and plot lines could be more deeply developed",

Kickstarter campaign
In 2013, Comeau and collaborator Emily Horne ran a successful Kickstarter campaign to publish the fourth print volume of A Softer World, titled Let's Do Something Wrong. The campaign raised over $78,000, on a goal of $25,000. The project was described as being "A book about dead moms, queers, sexy extremism and sad feelings. In photo comic form with words on the photos, like, over top of them!".

Recognition

 * 2011 Finalist, Shirley Jackson Award
 * 2017 Anne Green award recipient
 * 2018 American Library Association Alex Award winner
 * 2018 Golden Cowbell Award (Swiss Group of International Schools (SGIS)) for Ninja-rella.

Personal life
Comeau describes himself as queer. He studied linguistics at Saint Mary's University. He currently lives in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

title: Joey Comeau


text:
Dangun Feveron

Dangun Feveron is a 1998 vertical-scrolling shooter arcade game developed by Cave and published by Nihon System in Japan. Players control a fighter craft and must destroy waves of enemies throughout a series of scrolling stages that increase in difficulty. The game's scoring system is designed to encourage players to destroy as many enemies possible, as points are subtracted based on how many enemies leave the screen. It is known for its elaborate disco-inspired presentation, soundtrack, and sassy voiceovers.

Developed in conjunction with ESP Ra.De. (1998), Dangun Feveron began production as a more generic take on the scrolling shooter genre. The disco theme was chosen after Cave received negative feedback from location testing, and wanting the game to have its own unique ideas and mechanics. Critics praised the game's unique scoring system and absurdity, though some questioned the quality of the gameplay itself. Feveron did not see any contemporary home ports until it was released for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in 2016 by M2.

Gameplay
Dangun Feveron is a vertical-scrolling shooter video game. Its plot involves an organization named the Great Gracce attempting to seize control of Earth as part of its plan to conquer the entire universe. The residents of a nearby planet named Fever are alerted of this, and deploy a group of starfighters to destroy the Great Gracce and its leader before they take Earth and its population captive.

Players select one of three starfighters, which possess different shot types, speed, and power. These starfighters are tasked with completing each level by destroying formations of enemies and avoiding collision with them and their projectiles. The game features a disco-inspired presentation, which serves importance to the gameplay through "cyborg soldiers", miniature people that can be collected to increase the score multiplayer. Collecting cyborgs and destroying enemies is often accompanied by a sassy-toned announcer. The scoring system is designed to encourage players to destroy as many enemies as possible; points are subtracted from the player's score if any enemies leave the screen.

Power-ups are dropped by certain enemies throughout each stage that enhances the player's abilities. There are also bombs that clear the screen of enemies when fired and other items that increase the score. Levels become more challenging as the player progresses, introducing new enemy types that react faster to the player's attacks and those that require more hits to destroy. The game contains a hidden time attack mode where players try to score as many points possible within three minutes.

Development and release
Dangun Feveron was developed by Cave, a company known for creating "bullet hell" shoot 'em ups such as the DonPachi series. The game was produced by Kenichi Takano, one of the founding members of Cave, and in development alongside the vertical shooter ESP Ra.De. (1998). Feveron was originally a more generic take on the shooter genre, but the team wanted it to have its own unique presentation and mechanics after the game returned generally unfavorable results at location tests. Several meetings were held to discuss ideas, where one Cave employee suggested the disco theme. The game was revised multiple times, with the final revision focusing on gameplay centered around dodging fast-moving projectiles. In one of these revisions, the cyborg soldiers were originally the projectiles that were fired from the player's ship. Early names for Feveron included Fever SOS and Baro Fever; Fever SOS was re-used as the game's international title.

Dangun Feveron's elaborate disco-themed soundtrack was originally heavy metal. Around the time the disco theme was considered, a member of the development staff believed the music should represent the game's fast-paced action. The soundtrack was then hurriedly changed to feature disco-inspired music tracks, though the boss battle theme retained the heavy metal sound. Feveron's music is reminiscent of music from artists such as the Bee Gees.

Dangun Feveron was released in Japan in September 1998, published by Nihon System Inc. Unlike several of Cave's other releases, the game remained exclusive to arcades and hadn't seen a contemporary port for a home console. Cave considered releasing an Xbox Live Arcade downloadable version if the digital re-release of Guwange performed well. In 2016, M2, a company regarded for its high-quality video game re-releases, published a port of Feveron for the PlayStation 4 under its M2 ShotTriggers series. This version was released internationally in 2018 with full English translations, alongside an Xbox One conversion. Both versions feature multiple enhancements, such as achievements and border graphics. The title has since been re-released on the AntStream service. A physical edition of the PlayStation 4 version was planned to be published by Limited Run Games.

Reception
Game Machine lists Dangun Feveron among Japan's most popular arcade games in November 1998. A reviewer for Game Criticism believed that outside its colorful visuals and disco-inspired presentation, Dangun Feveron was a generic vertical shooter that felt "half-finished" in comparison to similar titles, which they believed was most noticeable in its unremarkable enemy designs and level layouts. The reviewer was also critical of the game's lack of challenge, which they believed contradicted the Fever part of the title. Takehiko Hara, who previewed the game for ITmedia, claimed the low difficulty made Dangun Feveron more accessible to beginners, as most scrolling shooters at the time were known for their immense challenge. Hara commented on its addition of a time attack mode, which was a largely unheard-of idea for arcade games.

Retrospective reviews for Dangun Feveron had identified its absurdity and fast-paced action. A PC Zone writer described it as being "a brilliant, over-the-top shooter", applauding its comical nature and addictive gameplay. Hardcore Gaming 101's Kurt Kalata agreed, and found it to be among Cave's more experimental and unusual creations. He was particularly fond of its scoring system for not ahdering to the usual standards of scrolling shooters. Famitsu reviewers generally enjoyed the PlayStation 4 version of Dangun Feveron for its vibrant graphics and fast-paced gameplay. One reviewer praised the addition of extra features as it made the game seem more worthy of its price point. Another questioned its difficulty level and claimed that, even at the lowest difficulty session, it was a difficult game and likely only suitable for advanced players.

title: Dangun Feveron


text:
User:Omega69~enwiki

I'm the man.

title: User:Omega69~enwiki


text:
Talk:Lowell family

Untitled
I have searched all over the place online and can't find a link from Christopher Lowell to the Lowell family. I looked at the Talk Page for the "user" and found many instances of vandalism logged by this IP. Unless you all can find a reason I shouldn't, I'm deleting the reference to Christopher Lowell on this page. Danahuff 05:09, 13 October 2005

Lovell
What about Francis Lovell, 1st Viscount Lovell? Gadsden, Arizona 07:17, 30 April 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Catterick (talk • contribs)

Pocahontas?
A claim cropped up that the Lowell family has Pocahontas as an ancestor. It shows up all over the internet (usually centered around the astronomer Percival Lowell) but this is not showing up in RS, setting off my "dubious meter". There are claims this roots through First Families of Virginia, but again its short of RS. Fountains of Bryn Mawr (talk) 16:19, 3 October 2015 (UTC)

Please stop reverting polyglot for Mary Traill Spence Lowell Putnam (1810-1898)
You claim there's no source for her having been a polyglot, yet you revert the text to linguist, for which there is no source. Makes no sense whatsoever to revert one for the other, equally unsourced. The fact is that she knew a number of languages. Okay by me not to mention that in the brief blurb on the Lowell page, but if it's going to be mentioned, the label should be unambiguous: polyglot. Linguist is ambiguous. Please stop the nonsensical warring. 47.32.20.133 (talk) 23:21, 18 June 2018 (UTC)
 * the use of the description "polyglot" is a superlative Superlative? Polyglottissima? Good grief. No, there is nothing superlative about noun/adjective polyglot; it's a straightforward neutral description: adj. Speaking, writing, written in, or composed of several languages; n. A person having a speaking, reading, or writing knowledge of several languages. Now you've gone from saying "there is ample evidence on the same page that the subject was a linguist" (Really? Like Noam Chomsky? André Martinet?) to "no support for claim (direct or indirect," which is falsified by mention of her translations in the article on her. Linguist is ambiguous. Polyglot is true and unambiguous. Whether it's necessary in the context is open to debate -- it could easily be replaced by uncontroversial translator, aptly descriptive of part of her accomplishments. 47.32.20.133 (talk) 13:42, 19 June 2018 (UTC)

Supporting sources?
Much as the Lowell family are clearly very important in US history, it would be rather nice if this article could have a little more in the way of supporting sources, preferably not clothing blogs, or derived from a book whose author is called Lowell... Given their importance, there must be some genuine secondary, in-depth sources from good historians describing the origin of the name? Elemimele (talk) 21:09, 17 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lowell family


text:
Mount Giluwe

Mount Giluwe is the second highest mountain in Papua New Guinea at 4367 m (Mount Wilhelm being the highest), and the fifth highest peak on the island of New Guinea. It is located in the Southern Highlands province and is an old shield volcano with vast alpine grasslands. Ancient volcanic plugs form its two summits, with the central peak the highest and an east peak about 2 km away at 4300 m. Giluwe has the distinction of being the highest volcano on the Australian continent and Oceania, and is thus one of the Volcanic Seven Summits.

Geology
The original volcano on the site of Mount Giluwe formed roughly 650,000–800,000 years ago, probably as a stratovolcano of similar height to the current peak. Extensive Pleistocene glaciation eroded away much of the peak, leaving a series of volcanic plugs which form the present-day summits. A renewed episode of extensive volcanic eruptions formed the shield-like bulk of the current mountain between 220,000 and 300,000 years ago, and there is evidence that some of the lava erupted subglacially. During the last glaciations of the Ice Age, the upper slopes were covered by a massive ice cap over 150 m (500 ft) thick, from which only the main and east peaks protruded as nunataks above the ice surface. At its maximum extent, the ice cap was over 15 km (9 mi) across and covered an area greater than 100 km2 (40 mi2). Outlet glaciers extended down as low as 3,200–3,500 m (10,500–11,500 ft), leaving a variety of deposits including glacial till and moraines. Although the glaciers are now long gone, numerous cirques and U-shaped valleys remain visible. The present-day climate on the summit plateau above roughly 3400 m is cold enough for nightly frosts and occasional snowfall.

History
Australian explorers Mick Leahy, and his brother Dan, were the first Westerners to reach the area and to discover and climb Mount Giluwe. However, another explorer Jack Hides also laid claim to be the first to discover Mount Giluwe after viewing the peaks from the west in 1935. Hides aptly named them the Minaret Mountains. However the name did not stick after Leahy went to London in 1935 and set up a hearing into the two opposing claims at the Royal Geographical Society. Leahy delivered his address on 21 November 1935 and the following year Leahy was awarded a grant from the Society and published his discoveries in their journal.

Being a part of the Volcanic 7 Summits, Mt Giluwe has attracted mountaineers from across the world. Satyarup Siddhanta became the first from India to climb Mt Giluwe as a part of his Volcanic 7 Summits journey. He is the youngest in the world to climb the Seven Summits and the Volcanic Seven Summits. This peak has been climbed by many climbers like James Stone who keeps a track of climbers who climbed the volcanic 7 summits in his blog clachliath. He is the first Briton to climb the volcanic 7 summits. Theodore Fairhurst climbed this peak too and he is the oldest person to climb all the 7 summits and volcanic 7 summits.

Flora and fauna
The slopes of Mt. Giluwe exhibit a number of different biomes. Between 2500 m and 2800 m is the lower montane rainforest dominated by Nothofagus and Elaeocarpus with large Pandanus including the climbing Freycinetia, climbing bamboo, many gingers, orchids, ferns, herbs and shrubs including Begonia. Avian fauna include the endemic dwarf cassowary. Above this is the upper montane rainforest or moss forest, with stunted moss-shrouded trees such as Quintinia and conifers including Papuacedrus and Podocarpus. The ground is covered in ferns of all types including Blechnum, filmy ferns and the world's largest moss (Dawsonia superba) up to 55 cm tall. Rhododendrons grow as epiphytes in the trees as do specialised cloud forest orchids.

At 3200 m, the moss forest opens into subalpine grassland. This transition marks the extent of glaciation during the last glacial maximum. The grassland is inhabited by towering endemic tree ferns. Tiny wildflowers grow amongst the tussock grasses including Veronica, Viola and Gaultheria. Streams flow in beds once scoured by glaciers, and wet bogs contain frog species found nowhere else on earth. This is also the domain of the endemic woolly ground cuscus, a species of possum. Patches of relict subalpine rainforest cling to the sheltered areas where frost is lessened. Scarlet Rhododendron and Dimorphanthera abound in the gnarled dwarf forest and white beard lichens hang in the branches. Above 3400 m on the vast alpine plateau, creeping Astelia, cushion plants and mosses can be found near the numerous tarns, along with alpine blueberries (Vaccinium) and asters in rockier areas.

title: Mount Giluwe


text:
Peter Mahon (judge)

Peter Thomas Mahon (1 November 1923 – 11 August 1986) was a New Zealand High Court judge. He led a Commission of Inquiry into the 1979 crash of Air New Zealand Flight 901 into Mount Erebus. His assessment of the airline's witnesses having engaged in "an orchestrated litany of lies" is one of the most well-known quotes in New Zealand, brought him offline with the establishment and made him a national hero.

Early life and family
Born in Christchurch on 1 November 1923, Mahon was the son of Agnes Helen Mahon (née Tankard) and Cecil Owen Mahon. He was educated at St Bede's College and went on to study law at Canterbury University College from 1940.

After two years at university, Mahon enlisted in the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force, seeing active service in Italy and rising to the rank of second lieutenant, and then serving in J Force after the end of the war. He subsequently returned to complete his Bachelor of Laws degree and was admitted to the bar in 1947.

Early legal career
Mahon began his legal career with the Raymond, Donnelly & Co. He was mentored by Sir Arthur Donnelly. Mahon was junior counsel for the prosecution in the Parker–Hulme murder case in 1954. At the commencement of the trial Mahon was assisting Alan Brown. Brown withdrew during the trial and was later admitted to Sunnyside Hospital.

Erebus inquiry
After the crash of Air New Zealand Flight 901 with loss of all aboard on 28 November 1979, New Zealand's official accident report was released by the Chief Inspector of Air Accidents, Ron Chippindale, which cited serious pilot error as the chief cause of the accident. Public demand led to the formation of a Royal Commission of Inquiry into the accident. Mahon produced his report on 27 April 1981, which cleared the crew of blame for the disaster and found that the major cause was the reprogramming of the aircraft's navigation computer without the crew being notified. Mahon claimed that Air New Zealand executives had engaged in a conspiracy to whitewash the inquiry, covering up evidence and lying to investigators, and concluded that they had told "an orchestrated litany of lies". His book, Verdict on Erebus, an account of his inquiry, won the New Zealand Book Awards prize for non-fiction in 1985. Mahon retired from the High Court bench in 1982.

In 1983 the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council held that Mahon had made serious mistakes of law through acting in excess of his jurisdiction and in breach of natural justice by going on to make findings of a conspiracy by Air New Zealand to cover up the errors of the ground staff. This conclusion was reached on the point of law that those accused of the conspiracy had not been given an opportunity to contest it in Mr Justice Mahon's inquiry: his conclusions that documents had been suppressed, and that witnesses had lied, were not set aside as an appellate court is not permitted to investigate findings of fact.

In 1985 Mahon was appointed as Commissioner of Inquiry into the 1984 Queen Street riot. In the same year he published Dear Sam, a collection of his letters to his children. He died of heart failure in August 1986.

In 1999 Transport Minister Maurice Williamson tabled Mahon's findings in parliament. His report had not previously been officially accepted as the verdict on the Erebus tragedy. In 2008, Mahon was posthumously awarded the Jim Collins Memorial Award by the New Zealand Airline Pilots Association for exceptional contributions to air safety, "in forever changing the general approach used in transport accidents investigations world wide." In the 1988 TVNZ dramatisation of the inquiry, Erebus: The Aftermath, Mahon was played by Frank Finlay.

Publications

 * Verdict on Erebus, Collins, 1984, ISBN 0-00-217213-5
 * Dear Sam, Fontana/Collins, 1985, collection of letters to family and friends

title: Peter Mahon (judge)


text:
Luzon B. Morris

Luzon Buritt Morris (April 16, 1827 – August 22, 1895) was an American lawyer and politician from Connecticut. He served as the 55th governor of Connecticut.

Biography
Morris was born in Newtown, Connecticut. He prepared for college at the Connecticut Literary Institute in Suffield, Connecticut and worked as a blacksmith and in a factory until he entered Yale University. He studied law with a local attorney while attending Yale, graduating in 1854, and attaining admission to the bar in 1856. While at Yale he became a member of Skull and Bones.

Morris served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from 1855 until 1856, 1870, 1876, 1880 and in 1881. He was probate judge from 1857 until 1863, and served in the Connecticut Senate in 1874. He served as President pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate. During his service in the Connecticut General Assembly, he was a member of the commission that settled the border dispute with New York. He was an officer of the Connecticut Savings Bank for several years, and served as the bank president. As governor of Connecticut from January 4, 1893 until January 9, 1895, Morris was the only member of the Democratic Party to hold the governorship between 1885 and 1911. During his governorship, Morris advocated for constitutional amendments in the election laws, but failed to get the appropriate legislation passed. His popularity eroded due to the bleak financial depression that overwhelmed the state, and he did not seek reelection. After leaving office, Morris returned to his law practice.

Personal life
Morris married Eugenia L. Tuttle in 1856. They had six children together including Mary Seamoor Morris Pratt, Helen Harrison Morris Hadley, Ray Morris and Robert Tuttle Morris.

His daughter Mary married oil industrialist Charles Millard Pratt, and they had five children. His daughter Helen married Yale University president Arthur Twining Hadley, and they had three children. His son Ray was a partner in the investment banking house of Brown Brothers Harriman. His son, Dr. Robert Tuttle Morris, became a famous surgeon and author.

Death and legacy
Morris died of a stroke at his home in New Haven, Connecticut on August 22, 1895. He is interred at the Zoar Cemetery in Newtown, Connecticut. His home in New Haven was purchased by Yale University in 1957 and restored in 1990. The house was originally built in 1873 and features Italianate architecture.

title: Luzon B. Morris


text:
Talk:Claire McCaskill

Where is the link to the Archives? There has not been a discussion on the talk page?108.231.225.200 (talk) 18:55, 18 July 2021 (UTC)

 * An archive link is now present. Thanks for making the absence known. —ADavidB 02:03, 19 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Claire McCaskill


text:
Williamsonia (plant)

Williamsonia is a genus of plant belonging to Bennettitales, an extinct order of seed plants. Within the form classification system used in paleobotany, Williamsonia is used to refer to female seed cones, which are associated with plants that also bore the male flower-like reproductive structure Weltrichia.

Description
The monosporangiate female Williamsonia seed cone (sometimes described as a "flower" though this does not imply homology with angiosperm flowers ) consists of an ovulate receptacle enclosed by bracts (modified leaves), with the receptacle bearing sporophylls with terminal seeds/ovules, which are surrounded by interseminal scales. The micropyle of the ovules varied from protruding above the cone to slightly sunken in, depending on the species. The cones were of variable shape, with reported morphologies including pyriform (pear shaped), ovoid, subspheroidal, and oblate spheroid and could be up to 15 cm in diameter. As many as 25–50 ovules could be present in each cone. The cone was borne on a peduncle, and grew at the apex of a branch. In at least some species, only one Williamsonia cone grew per active branch at any one time/season, while the cones from the preceding season/time developed into mature seed cones. The cones have been suggested to be wind pollinated. In at least some species, the cones increased in size during maturation, which might reflect the transformation of the interseminal scales into a fleshy coating possibly used to attract seed dispersers.

Associated plant parts
Williamsonia is typically associated with the male flower-like reproductive structure Weltrichia. It is unclear whether the parent plants were monoecious (having both structures on one plant) or dioecious (where each plant only has one gender of reproductive organ). In Kimuriella densifolia from the Late Jurassic of Japan and Williamsonia gigas from the Middle Jurassic of England, the Williamsonia cone is associates with leaves assignable to the genus Zamites, while Williamsonia carolinensis from the Late Triassic of North America is associated with leaves assigned to Eoginkgoites. Kimuriella is thought to have been a divaricately branching, low growing shrub with a maximum height of 2–3 metres, with a growth form similar to that of Wielandiella, while Williamsonia gigas may have been more cycad-like. In Kimuriella and W. gigas, the axes (assigned to Bucklandia in W. gigas), which were up to 16 mm and 40-50 mm wide respectively, were densely covered with persistent leaf bases, which were apparently sloughed off in older branches. The affinity of the cycad-like Williamsonia sewardiana from Early Cretaceous Rajmahal Hills of India to the family Williamsoniaceae has been questioned, with some scholars suggesting that the species may represent an early species of Cycadeoidaceae instead.

Taxonomy
Williamsonia was originally described as Zamia gigas by William Crawford Williamson. William Carruthers proposed the name Williamsonia in 1870, with the type species being W. gigas from the Middle Jurassic of England. When originally specifying the genus, Carruthers specifically referred to the foliage, which modern authors usually assign to the foliage genus Zamites. However, later authors beginning with Tom Harris's 1969 publication The Yorkshire Jurassic Flora used Williamsonia to refer to the ovulate reproductive organs.

Distribution
Fossils of Williamsonia are known spanning from the Middle Triassic to Late Cretaceous, and have been found worldwide, including in Europe, Australia, North America, East Asia India and South America.

title: Williamsonia (plant)


text:
Rayonier

Rayonier Inc, headquartered in Wildlight, Florida, is a timberland real estate investment trust ("REIT") with assets located in some of the most productive softwood timber growing regions in the United States and New Zealand. Its core business segments are timber and real estate.

As of December 31, 2022, the company owned or leased approximately 2.8 million acres of timberlands overall, located in the U.S. South (1.92 million acres) and U.S. Pacific Northwest (474,000 acres). The company also has a 77% ownership interest in Matariki Forestry Group, a joint venture, that owns or leases approximately 417,000 acres of timberlands in New Zealand.

History
Rayonier was founded in 1926 as the Rainier Pulp and Paper Company in Shelton, Washington, with a headquarters office in San Francisco, California. Its name was inspired by Mount Rainier in Washington state. Its first mill opened the next year in Shelton Washington, on the Olympic Peninsula. The mill used Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock) trees to create a premium bleached paper pulp.

In September 1930, Rainier Pulp and Paper began working with the DuPont chemical company to produce hemlock pulp for the manufacture of rayon. Two additional pulp mills were constructed and began operation in the state of Washington at Hoquiam, Washington and Port Angeles, Washington.

Rainier Pulp and Paper changed its name to Rayonier, a portmanteau of the words rayon and Rainier, in 1937, when it became a publicly traded company. The following year, the company acquired timber stands in the southeastern United States, and began construction of a Fernandina Beach, Florida, pulp mill, which began production in 1939.

In 1944, the company moved its offices to New York City. As World War II ended, Rayonier began making large land purchases in the Pacific Northwest. The Rayonier Foundation was created in 1952 to provide assistance to charitable, civic and education organizations in the communities where Rayonier did business.

Rayonier opened international sales offices in Europe and Asia during 1954. That same year, another pulp mill in the southeast was constructed at Jesup, Georgia. High demand prompted the facility to double its capacity by 1957.

ITT purchased the company in 1968 and the name changed to ITT Rayonier.

The Jesup mill grew larger in 1974, becoming the largest pulp mill on earth.

Company headquarters were moved again in 1978; this time to Stamford, Connecticut.

Diplomatic relations with China were restored in 1979. The following year, Rayonier received orders for pulp and logs. It took almost five years to receive permission to open an office in Beijing in 1985.

A log-trading office was opened in New Zealand during 1988. The New Zealand government sold Rayonier 250000 acre of timberland in 1992.

The company was spun off from ITT in 1994 with the company name reverting to Rayonier and shares again traded on the New York Stock Exchange.

Rayonier purchased 969000 acre of timberland in Florida, Georgia and Alabama in 1999, then relocated the corporate offices to Jacksonville, Florida, to be closer to company employees and properties.

Rayonier converted to a real estate investment trust (REIT) on January 1, 2004. TerraPointe LLC was established in 2005 to manage properties with development potential.

The 2006 purchase of 228000 acre in six states brought the company's total of land owned, leased or managed to 2600000 acre in the U.S. and New Zealand.

In March 2008, the company purchased 56300 acre for $215 million in southwest Washington state from Sierra Pacific

In March 2013, the company sold its wood products division, including its mills in Baxley, Swainsboro, and Eatonton, Georgia, to British Columbia-based International Forest Products (Interfor) for $80 million.

In April 2013, the company increased its shareholding in the joint venture ''Matariki Forestry Group in New Zealand from 26% to 65% for $140 million.

In May 2014, Rayonier named David L. Nunes as post-separation president and CEO for Rayonier.

A class action against members of the former management team by certain shareholders was launched for the period from October 26, 2010, to November 7, 2014, claiming over-harvesting while communicating publicly harvesting below a sustainable rate. On October 5, 2017, the court entered orders approving the settlement and a plan of distribution terminating these class actions.

In June 2014, Rayonier spun off its performance fibers business into an independent, publicly traded company, Rayonier Advanced Materials Inc. (NYSE: RYAM). Shareholders of Rayonier received one share of the new Rayonier Advanced Materials company for every three shares of Rayonier on June 27, 2014.

In August 2015, Rayonier announced its ownership in the New Zealand joint venture will increase from 65% to approximately 77%, as part of an anticipated recapitalization of the JV.

In May 2016, Rayonier announced upgrades to it Pacific Northwest timberland portfolio through the acquisition of 61,000 acres of timberlands in western Oregon for $263 million, and a disposition of 55,000 acres comprising predominantly pre-merchantable timber in Washington state for $130 million.

In August 2017, Rayonier consolidated its corporate headquarters, real estate, and forest resources offices into a newly constructed, state-of-the-art building in Wildlight, Florida. The company is currently constructing a 23,600 acre development in Wildlight. It began work on phase two of the project in 2022, developing 15,000 acres of land.

In May 2020, Rayonier acquired Pope Resources in the Pacific Northwest.

Business segments

 * Timber (77% of total sales for 2022)
 * U.S. real estate (15% of total sales for 2022)
 * Trading (8% of total sales for 2022).

title: Rayonier


text:
Solar Max

Solar Max may refer to:
 * The solar maximum period of greatest sunspot activity in the 11 year solar cycle of the Sun
 * The Solar Maximum Mission satellite to investigate solar phenomena

title: Solar Max


text:
Nicole Oliver

Nicole Lyn Oliver (born February 22, 1970) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her roles as Princess Celestia and Cheerilee in My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic and Zoe Trent in Littlest Pet Shop.

Biography
Oliver was born in Ottawa, Ontario. She has a Bachelor of Fine Arts from York University, a Master's degree in Communication from Royal Roads University, and additional training by Jeremy Irons from the British American Drama Academy.

A prominent member of the Union of BC Performers, Oliver served on its executive board (2002–2005), chaired several committees, and continues to be part of the negotiation team during collective bargaining. In 2017, she was nominated for the Best Voice Award by UBCP ACTRA.

Oliver is married to film composer Chris Ainscough. They live in Vancouver with their two sons. She has stated on her Twitter account that she has battled depression.

Documentary

 * A Brony Tale – Herself
 * Bronies: The Extremely Unexpected Adult Fans of My Little Pony – Princess Celestia (Archive Sound)

Live-action roles

 * Bond of Silence – Pat
 * Crash Test Mommy – Host
 * The Falling - Karis
 * The Foursome – Lori Towers
 * Kung Fu: The Legend Continues – Detective Kelly Blaine
 * The L Word – Chanter
 * A Vow to Kill – Linda Mason
 * The Outer Limits – Jill Cooper (episode: "The Deprogrammers"), Heather Cattrell (episode: "Judgment Day")
 * Arrow – Judge Sakow (episode: "Broken Hearts")
 * Psych – Abby Daniels
 * Seed – Mrs. Anderson
 * Seven Deadly Sins – Principal Lowenstein
 * The Silencer – Holly Sharp
 * Stargate SG-1 – Leedora
 * Supernatural – Nora Havelock (episode: "Repo Men")
 * Wonder – Jack Will's Mom
 * The Woodcarver – Rita Stevenson
 * The Christmas Ornament – Sarah
 * Three Bedrooms, One Corpse: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery – Eileen Crandall
 * Britney Ever After – Lynne Spears
 * Possessing Piper Rose – Gretchen

Live-action dubs

 * Death Note – Naomi Misora
 * L: Change the World – Naomi Misora
 * #TweetIt: Featuring My Little Pony Staff and Bronies – Herself/Music Video

Animation roles

 * A Chinese Ghost Story: The Tsui Hark Animation – Siu Seen
 * Baby Looney Tunes – Tessa, Usher
 * Barbie of Swan Lake – Carlita the Skunk
 * Barbie Fairytopia: Mermaidia – Shellie
 * Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses – Ashlyn, Twyla
 * Barbie Mariposa and her Butterfly Fairy Friends – Henna
 * Barbie and the Diamond Castle – Dori, Maid
 * Barbie and the Three Musketeers – Corrine's Mother, Fancy Dress Girl #1
 * Barbie in A Mermaid Tale – Calissa
 * Barbie: Princess Charm School – Dame Devin
 * Barbie in A Mermaid Tale 2 – Calissa
 * Barbie in Rock 'N Royals – Lady Anne
 * Barbie: A Fashion Fairytale – Liliana Roxelle
 * Barbie: A Fairy Secret – Liliana Roxelle, the fitting room attendant
 * Beat Bugs – Granny Bee (episode: Granny Bee)
 * Billy the Cat – Anita, Goldfish, Claudia Shifter, Rita, Mme Irma
 * Bob the Builder (2015 TV series) – Mayor Madison (US)
 * Bratz Babyz: Save Christmas – Portia (Yasmin's mother)
 * Bratz Kidz: Sleep-Over Adventure – Tanya (Meygan's sister)
 * Capertown Cops
 * Cardcaptors – Meilin Rae
 * Cardcaptors: The Movie – Su Yung, Meilin Rae
 * Class of the Titans – Arachne, Fortuna, Jay's Mother, Nemesis
 * Corner Gas Animated – Louise, Pregnant Woman #2
 * The Cramp Twins – Dorothy Cramp, Little Kid, Teen Assistant
 * Dinosaur Train – Brenda Brachiosaurus & Mrs. Pliosaurus
 * Dokkoida!? – Sayuri Yurine/Hyacinth
 * Dragon Ball Z (Ocean Group dub) – Chi-Chi (episodes 254-276)
 * Dragon Booster – Pyrrah, Sentrus
 * Dragon Tales – Shrinking Violet
 * Dumb Bunnies – Felony
 * Edgar and Ellen – Mrs. Moon Violet
 * Elemental Gelade – Eve
 * Fat Dog Mendoza – Brenda, Alien #2, Cookie Customer, Robot Baby, Company Employee #2, Company Employee #4, Female Reporter, Female Superboots Customer, Laura the Sock Puppet
 * Firehouse Tales – Additional Voices
 * Galaxy Express 999, Adieu Galaxy Express 999 – Emeraldas
 * Generation O! – Lacey, Shubert Sister
 * Ghost Patrol – Ms. Flores, Rich Woman
 * Hamtaro – Pepper
 * He-Man and the Masters of the Universe (2002) – Queen Marlena, The Sorceress of Castle Grayskull
 * Hulk Vs. Thor – Betty Ross, Brunnhilde
 * Inuyasha – Additional Voices
 * Inuyasha the Movie: The Castle Beyond the Looking Glass – Princess Kaguya
 * Johnny Test (2021 TV series) - Daisy, Announcer (2)
 * Kate & Mim-Mim – Valerie
 * Key the Metal Idol – Tokiko "Key" Mima
 * Kong: The Animated Series – Tiger Lucy
 * Krypto the Superdog – Kevin's Mom, Mrs Sussman, various
 * Kurozuka – Kagetsu
 * Lego Elves – Rosalyn Nightshade
 * Lego Dreamzzz: - Never Witch
 * Lego Ninjago: Dragons Rising - Empress Beatrix
 * Lego Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu – Dogshank, Girl Pirate
 * Lego Star Wars: Droid Tales – Hera Syndulla
 * Let's Go Quintuplets – Ms. Carruthers
 * Littlest Pet Shop – Zoe Trent
 * Martha Speaks – Mrs. Clusky, Janice Kennelly
 * Marvel Super Hero Adventures - Morgan le Fay
 * Mary-Kate and Ashley in Action! – Additional Voices
 * Max Steel – Molly McGrath
 * MegaMan: NT Warrior – Mrs. Hikari
 * Milo's Bug Quest – Kathy Leaf
 * Mobile Suit Gundam SEED – Via Hibiki
 * Mobile Suit Gundam 00 – Regene Regetta
 * Mosaic – Agent Newell
 * ¡Mucha Lucha! – Chinche
 * My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic – Cheerilee, Cinnamon Chai, Crystal Pony #1 (S03E01), "Crystal Pony 1" (S06E01), Daybreaker (S07E10), Dr. Fauna, Dragon 1 (S06E05), Fleur Dis Lee, "Foal" (S06E01), Fume, Narrator (S01E01), Princess Celestia, Spitfire (S01E16), Tree Hugger, Twinkleshine (S01E01, first line)
 * My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Principal/Princess Celestia and Miss Cheerilee
 * My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Rainbow Rocks – Principal Celestia
 * My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Friendship Games – Principal Celestia
 * My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Legend of Everfree – Principal Celestia
 * My Little Pony: The Movie – Princess Celestia and Lix Spittle
 * My Little Pony: Pony Life – Princess Celestia, Cheerilee
 * Next Avengers: Heroes of Tomorrow – Betty Ross, Jocasta
 * Night Warriors: Darkstalkers' Revenge – Hsien-Ko
 * Ōban Star-Racers – Maya Wei
 * Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures – Jean
 * Packages from Planet X – Dan's Mother, Additional Voices
 * Pirate Express – Queen #1
 * Polly Pocket – Mrs. Johnson, Ms. Fuss
 * Pony Royale – Rosie
 * Powerpuff Girls Z – Ms. Bellum, Beetle Betty
 * The Princess Twins of Legendale – Queen Luna
 * Ranma ½ – Miyo (season 3), Ling-Ling (seasons 3–4), Lung-Lung (seasons 3–4), Yotaro's Mother (season 4), Additional Voices (English version)
 * RollBots – Manx
 * Saber Marionette J – Cherry (during the 2nd half of the series), Baiko
 * Sabrina, the Animated Series – Gemini Stone (adult)
 * Sara Solves It – Pizza Delivery Lady, Cornelia
 * Sausage Party – Sally Bun, Female Shopper #1, Ice Cream
 * Silent Möbius – Katsumi Liqueur
 * Sitting Ducks – Mother Duck
 * Storm Hawks – Starling, Suzi-Lu
 * Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures – Jadeybug, Dr. Hazel Nutby (ep. 9)
 * Super Dinosaur – Hilda, Robot One, Female Earth Core Tech (2)
 * Super Monsters – Cleo's Mom
 * The Deep – Commander Pyrosome
 * The Dragon Prince - Zubeia
 * The Girl Who Leapt Through Time – Makoto's Mother (Mrs. Konno)
 * The Hollow – Tree, Spider-Woman, Adam's Mom, Brynhilda, Pixie 1, Old Lady
 * The Last Kids on Earth - Bear
 * The Story of Saiunkoku – Shusui Hyo, Boy 1, Court Lady 1, Setsugyoku
 * The Vision of Escaflowne – Nariya, Eriya, Hitomi's grandmother (Bandai Entertainment dub)
 * Tom and Jerry Tales – Mrs. Two Shoes
 * Transformers: Energon – Sally Jones, Miranda Jones
 * Ultimate Book of Spells – Elsa
 * Ultimate Wolverine vs. Hulk – Jennifer Walters
 * Ultraforce – Chrysalis, Veil
 * Ultraviolet: Code 044 - Matilda
 * Valley of the Lanterns – Olistene & Mother
 * What About Mimi? – Additional Voices
 * X-Men: Evolution – Risty Wilde
 * Yvon of the Yukon – Maxine

Video games

 * Dynasty Warriors: Gundam 2 – Katejina Loos
 * Dynasty Warriors: Gundam 3 – Katejina Loos
 * He-Man: Defender of Grayskull – The Sorceress
 * Legends of Runeterra - Diana
 * My Little Pony – Princess Celestia, Cheerilee
 * StarCraft II – First Ascendant Ji'nara
 * Thimbleweed Park – Agent Ray
 * Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War – Eldar Farseer, Howling Banshees, Farseer Macha
 * Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War: Dark Crusade – Farseer Taldeer
 * Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War: Soulstorm – Farseer Caerys

Voice director

 * Enchantimals: Finding Home
 * Hatchimals: Adventures in Hatchtopia
 * Molly of Denali
 * The Guava Juice Show

title: Nicole Oliver


text:
Théophile Nata

Théophile Nata (1947 – 11 June 2022) was a Beninese politician and a former member of the Pan-African Parliament.

Education
Nata attended Natitingou Catholic Primary School for four years starting in 1954 and ended in 1960. He graduated from the Sainte Jeanne d' Arc de Oudah, Southern Benin after seven years.

He studied French and literature for two years at the Higher Education Centre of Lomé, Togo, as well as at Abidjan University in Côte d'Ivoire and the Sorbonne. He received a Master's Degree which dealt with colonisation and decolonisation in the novels of Aimé Césaire.

Nata acquired a PhD in Comparative Literature at the Sorbonne in 1976. He obtained a Bachelor's Degree, a Master of Arts and a Postgraduate diploma from the International Institute of Phonetics, Paris III University. He was appointed associate professor of French Language, Literature and Linguistics at the National University of Benin in 1976 as well.

International and governmental work
Nata was the co-coordinator of the AGECOOP Project within the Directorate of National Commissions and Councils. He became director of the Asia Department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation in 1978. In 1988, Nata was appointed Benin's Ambassador to Algeria and then as Beninese Ambassador to the United States.

He was a participant in the 1990 National Conference and was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Benin's transitional government that same year. In 1991, he was made Commander of the National Order of Benin.

Nata served as Minister of Youth and Sports from 1991 to 1993. He founded a political party in 1992. He was elected to the National Assembly in the 1995 parliamentary election and was elected by the National Assembly as its Second Vice-president. In 1999, he was appointed Minister of Rural Development; he gained the rank of High Officer of the National Order of Benin in 2000. From 2001 to 2003, he served as Minister of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. He was again elected as a deputy in the National Assembly in the March 2003 parliamentary election.

Nata served in the Pan-African Parliament beginning in 2004. Following the death of Jerome Sacca Kina Guezere in 2005, he became Fourth Vice-president of the Pan-African Parliament.

title: Théophile Nata


text: User talk:69.143.21.61

title: User talk:69.143.21.61


text:
Talk:Least mean squares filter

Could use work
This article could use some work but since I don't understand LMS, I can't do it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.162.70.155 (talk) 05:15, 2005 October 13 (UTC)

Least Squares
Minimizing the sum of squares distance is the same as minimizing the average squared distance (providing the number of points does not change). I do not understand why this is a separate article. I therefore move that this be merged into Least squares. - JustinWick 18:05, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
 * LMS is an adaptive filter algorithm. Therefore, it belongs firmly in the area of digital signal processing. Whereas Least squares describes a mathematical technique. There must be a link from Least squares to LMS and vice versa. Faust o 17:07, 22 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Only one use of the term least means squares is an adaptive filter, it is also frequently used in statistical minimization problems. I propose that this page be moved to Least mean squares (filter). --Salix alba (talk) 00:11, 4 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Done Faust o 15:36, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Stochastic gradient descent
Is LMS a Stochastic gradient descent algorithm? --Memming 17:10, 12 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, added the link there Jmvalin 06:13, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

NLMS and more
Just added NLMS and a sort of overview figure. I changed the notation for the filter. If everyone objects and want something else, I can always update the figure. The main reason for having h and \hat{h} is that I want to add some derivations for the optimal rate, so I need to distinguish between the "real" filter and the adapted one. Jmvalin 06:07, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Just did another batch of improvements. I'd be interested on feedback on that -- and the rest of the article Jmvalin 13:45, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

Undefined symbol.
Several places in the article the symbol $$\mathbf{h}^{H}(n) \,$$ is used, but it is not defined. I cannot tell from context what it is supposed to mean. Can someone who knows please update the article so this symbol is well defined? 207.190.198.130 00:55, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

 * It's the Hermitian transpose. I've now added a mention of this to the article.  Oli Filth(talk) 09:23, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

 * The definition occurred long after the term is used (in several places). Moved reference to Hermitian to "definition of symbols" section. Laugh Tough (talk) 17:35, 27 February 2012 (UTC)

The star symbol is also undefined in $e^*$ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.41.16.196 (talk) 21:47, 15 July 2020 (UTC)
 * It means conjugate. It is a common notation in signal processing.  Still, it could be explained. Constant314 (talk) 22:17, 15 July 2020 (UTC)

Misleading figure and explanations
In an article as this one I'm expecting that by simply looking at the figure to grasp as much as possible about the subject. Unfortunately, be inspecting the figure one will remain with the impression that the impulse response of the filter is computed sample by sample. That is, for the n-th input and output samples it is possible to estimate only the n-th sample of the impulse response, which is not the case. I guess that a more consistent notation would be to make n a sub / superscript because n is not the input sample number but the iteration number.

Another thing, I can't find anywhere in the text any information regarding the length of the impulse response. I can see that x(n) is in fact a column vector consisting of the previous p samples of the input signal and by this I can assume the same length for the transfer function, but I think this should be made more clear in the text.89.136.41.31 (talk) 14:27, 19 February 2009 (UTC)Apass

Gradient computation
In the section Idea, in the discussion about the steepest descent method, shouldn't it be "to take the partial derivatives with respect to the CONJUGATES of the individual entries of the filter vector"?

Indeed we want to compute the gradient of the modulus square here, and the gradient of a real function $$f(z)$$ of the complex variable $$z$$ is given by

\nabla f(z) = 2 \frac{d f(z)}{d z^*}. $$

I think it should be corrected, otherwise it can be misleading and the equation providing $$ \nabla C(n)$$ may seem general whereas it is in fact a very special case (because here $$e(n)$$ is expressed with respect to the conjugate of the filter coefficients...)

Ivilo (talk) 13:22, 15 October 2009 (UTC)

 * This has to be explained in more details. Where is 2 coming from? The way it is written in the article itself, it just magically appear. Also, are you sure that it it full derivative with respect to z*? Not partial? MxM (talk) 16:31, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

Step Size Factor
would anyone address the Step Size (μ) limitations?

One must pay attention to define the Step Size clearly.

I wish I could do it, yet I struggle to understand the contradictions about it from different sources. --Royi A (talk) 15:13, 30 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I added a section about mean stability and convergence. I omitted the proof, as it would clutter the page significantly, and anyone can look it up in the references. There should also be a section about mean square performance (specifically, one should be informed that the steady state mean square error increases monotonically with increasing $$\mu$$), maybe I'll add something later. BTW, this is my first edit on Wikipedia - does anyone know why the math looks different in the different equations, although the tags are identical? Can I do something about that? It looks weird that a greek letter is italic in one place and plain in another.

128.97.90.235 (talk) 05:54, 18 May 2010 (UTC)

Relationship to the least squares filter section needs work
I've been trying to make sense of the equation:

$$ \boldsymbol{\hat\beta} = (\mathbf{X} ^\mathbf{T}\mathbf{X})^{-1}\mathbf{X}^{\mathbf{T}}\boldsymbol y. $$

I cannot relate it to anything in the article or figures. $$ \boldsymbol{\hat\beta}$$ is defined nowhere. X and y are casually referred to as "input matrix" and "output vector". Does "output vector" mean the entire history of the output? It says X is a matrix, but the input to me looks like a vector. From what is written, I gather that the "least squares filter" is something different from the Wiener filter. I have three books on adaptive filtering, including Widrow's and none of them mention a "least squares filter". There is no "least squares filter" article. The LMS algorithm converges under certain conditions to the Wiener filter solution. I propose to delete this equation and all mention of "least squares filter." Discussion of the LMS algorithm vs the Wiener filter covers the issue. Constant314 (talk) 04:38, 20 November 2016 (UTC)

Convergence/stability section is incorrect
Started [discussion](https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/87091/for-which-values-of-step-size-is-lms-filter-stable) on dsp.SE on ideas to fix. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:645:8800:5c70:b019:9d63:3e17:e7d3 (talk) 00:16, 2023 March 18 (UTC)

 * Fix it yourself or make the case here and maybe someone else will fix it. Constant314 (talk) 00:22, 18 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Least mean squares filter