text:
User:R. fiend/How many articles does Wikipedia really have?

While the official count is somewhere around 750,000, having looked through quite a few of these articles, I've noticed that there are a number of these that would be hard to call "articles". Some are a sentence long, some are disambiguation pages, some are more of a chart or a list than an article (not to say they aren't necessarily useful, but the term "article" might be a bit of a stretch). So I decided to explore what these 750,000 articles contain. To aid me in this I have used the random article option. Now, it's been a while since I've taken a class in probability and the like, but it is my understanding that, if truly random, a pretty small sample can yield pretty accurate results. This is assuming the random article button is truly random (and I think it is). I have cateogrized the results into several categories:

 * Full articles: though I cannot judge their overall quality very well, these are your basic decent or very good articles in wikipedia, with a few exceptions that are covered elsewhere
 * Stubs: sort of tricky, as I disregarded if they were labelled as such, but I basically went with anything that was a brief or medium sized paragraph. But any of 2 sentences or less are:
 * Sub-stubs: Very brief articles (they really cannot be considered articles at all)
 * Disambiguation pages: we all know what they are
 * Articles completely from other sources: these are basically the same as "full articles", but I thought they deserved special categorization, as they are not the creation of wikipedia or wikipedians. In it's own category are
 * Rambot articles: We all know these; quite a vexed part of wikipedia. Those that have substantial human written sections (not sure what qualifies as "substantial" yet) will be included in full articles.
 * Articles that are mostly a chart: Articles that have little text that is not a template or chart. This includes album stubs that are a sentence (artist and year) plus a template and a tracklist, as well as often a member lineup. Those which have at least a few sentences beyond this can be considered full articles. A similar but separate group is:
 * Lists: We all know these; another highly debated facet.
 * Articles needing cleanup: for this I included pretty substantial cleanup. It's a bit of a judgment call, I know, but these are ones than can probably be generally called "pretty bad" and hence do not take their place (yet) with the full articles, but are not
 * Deletables: either speedy or AfD. Again a bit of a judgment call here, particularly since I have a slightly higher bar than many. But this project is partially for the purpose of people who are skeptical of wikipedia, those who are used to and prefer more standard encyclopedias, and their standards may well be considerably above mine.
 * Dubious articles: Ones that may be disguised adverts, dubious, potentially unverifiable claims, hoaxes, copyvios, and the like, but ones I'm not going to AfD.
 * Redirects, these are articles that should have been redirects to more complete articles, and I have since redirected them. This sort of like a delete, as it removes one article from the total number. Redirects, I believe, are neither counted in the article count nor the random article feature, so are disregarded when they exist already.

Note this is more about types of articles than article quality. In my notes I originally had "full artciles" down as "good articles", but decided to change it. Since I won't be reading anything but the stubs and substubs in their entirety, I cannot judge the accuracy or quality of them (even if I read them completely, I still couldn't do so without substantial research, which would obviously slow this project down immensely). There are also articles, while full and complete, I wouldn't necessarily call "good". I didn't want to have to make a separate category for fancruft or anything, as that would obviously be severely subjective. At some later point, I think I may undertake another such project in which I categorize random full articles into subject, paying particular attention to the amount of fiction. One criticism (not entirely unfounded) that Wikipedia often garners is it's level of detail in TV shows, sci-fi, anime, etc., potentially at the expense of other subjects (though whether this is really at any expense is clearly debatable).

The number of random articles I explored was 500. This should give me a pretty accurate reading. I'll have to look into calculating the margin of error (if any math folks who want to help I'd be grateful).

If anyone knows of a similar project by another wikipedian, I'd be very curious to see it. Any feedback on this I'd love to hear. Leave it on my talk page.

Results
Following the collection of data resulting from 500 random article searches, I have come up with the following statistics.

The estimated number of each group in Wikipedia is based on an approximate number of 772,000 as being the number of stated articles in Wikipedia on Oct 14, 2005 (rounded up slightly).

So how many articles does Wikipedia have?
Well, that depends on what one wants to call an "article." Obviously the "Full article" category are not by any means the only articles. Even though I was quite generous in listing articles labeled "stub" as full articles, I think even those particularly short ones can still meet the technical definition of an article. Likewise Rambot and other articles from external sources are real articles, though I did feel they deserved separate mention.

Substubs and disambiguation pages I really cannot call articles; they lack too much real information to qualify. Charts and lists are questionable. I feel a certain amount of prose is required to technically be an article. This is not to say they are not useful (nor does it say all of them are). The deletables, dubious articles, and redirected ones should probably not be counted either. The cleanups, I suppose, could go either way.

So, using the classifications above (1st paragraph are articles, others are not or questionably so), it seems Wikipedia has an estimated 545,032 articles. A pretty large amount, really. Though again, beyond the terrible deletables and the clear cleanups, this says nothing about quality. Of course, there is the consistent accusation that half of Wikipedia's articles are on Star Trek. This is not true, obviously, but we certainly do have an extreme number of articles on very minor elements of fiction ("fancruft" some call it). There are various schools of thought on this. Some say they damage the reputation of Wikipedia, making it more of a specialty than general purpose encyclopedia that is difficult to take seriously in a more academic way, some say that extreme coverage in these areas is not at the expense of more traditionally "encyclopedic" topics. It's hard to say. If we look at Britannica, according to our article, they have 120,000 articles. If we are competing with them, it is not in the area of Star Trek and the like; we have them beat there. No, the competition is on their turf. By the calculations above, we have about 4.5 times the articles they do. Even if half of these can be dismissed as "fancruft" (and though I didn't keep track, I'm sure it was not nearly that many in my sample) we still have twice as many articles as they do on a very wide range of pretty unquestionably encyclopedic topics. The issue of quality, however, is not one that can easily be answered.

How accurate is this?
Overall, it appears to be pretty accurate. Pollsters have been using pretty small random samplings to predict elections (reflecting millions, not thousands), and have shown a pretty high degree of accuracy. I think the only specific number I have for comparison is the Kate's tool count for Rambot. It says Rambot has edited 53,826 articles. My calculations have 54,040. Pretty close. Pretty damn close, now that I really look at it. Off by merely 0.4%, I believe.

Further Statistical analysis
By Spangineer

Here's the table in the article, but with the half-widths of a 95% confidence interval. In English, that means that there's a 95% chance that the true number of a given type is within "+/- #" from "Estimated # in WP". For example, there's a 95% chance that the true number of full articles is less than 33600 from 342,768. Put another way, the correct number of full articles was between 309,200 and 376,400. Similarly, the percentage of full articles is somewhere between 40% and 48.8%. This method of analysis only works if the sample percentage is greater than about 1%, so I didn't do the calculations for two of the article types, since the numbers wouldn't be particularly valuable.

Comparisons
I have included comparisons to shorter studies of 100 articles by two other users. User:Pureblade did one based on my same orgainzation, while User:Carnildo did one for a different reason and with different categorization, see User:Carnildo/The 100.

* Carnildo has stated that he counted charts as substubs. combining those two in my sample yields 17.4%, reasonably close to Carnildo's 16%.

Analysis
My results, compared with Pureblade's, are quite similar, particularly in the first 2 categories. The biggest discrepancy comes from the cleanups, where subjectivity is somewhat high. Carnildo's results differ from mine greatly in some categories, and (from a quick look at a few of the articles in his study) I think much of it comes down to how one defines a stub. Like I stated, I didn't take a stub label (or lack thereof) into account. Much of what he calls a stub I call a short article (still in the "Full articles" section). This does not mean there isn't plenty of room for expansion. I also had to go through his comments and the like to make adjustments in categories (some he had as substubs became deleteables, as they have been deleted, and so on).

If anyone else wishes to do a similar test to compare, please go ahead and leave the results on this talk page. I urge you to use categories and criteria similar to mine for easiest comparison (stubs are a paragraph or less, substubs are 2 or fewer sentences, separate rambot articles and EB 1911s, anything AFDed or otherwise deleted goes in the deletables category, etc).


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Pierre-François Bouchard

Pierre-François Bouchard (29 April 1771, Orgelet – 5 August 1822, Givet) was an officer in the French Army of engineers. He is most famous for discovering the Rosetta Stone, an important archaeological find that allowed Ancient Egyptian writing to be understood for the first time in over a millennium.

Early life
He was born in 1771 to Pierre Bouchard (a master joiner, then a businessman, then a merchant and finally a teacher) and his wife Pierrette Janet de Cressia, the youngest of their four daughters and three sons, all born in Orgelet (Jura). Pierre-François studied in the collège in Orgelet up until the classe de rhétorique, then spent two years studying philosophy and mathematics in the collège at Besançon. His military career began in 1793 as a sergeant-major in a battalion of the Grenadiers de Paris. He was one of these famous "soldiers of Year II' and fought in Champagne and Belgium, before being sent to the École Nationale d' Aérostatique in 1794. He was made 'lieutenant des aérostiers' and taught maths as sous-directeur of this École, then based in the Chateau de Meudon. There his right eye was badly damaged when a gas flask exploded during an experiment to produce hydrogen gas to inflate observation balloons – the experiment was led by Nicolas-Jacques Conté who lost his left eye. Conté held Bouchard in very high esteem and recommended him to Claude Louis Berthollet, one of the four founding fathers of the École polytechnique, which Bouchard entered on 21 November 1796. There he studied descriptive geometry under Gaspard Monge and learned the art of fortification, until his studies were interrupted when he was taken on by the Ministry of War and attached as a lieutenant to the Egyptian expeditionary force on 20 April 1798.

Egypt
Before embarking for Egypt, he married Marie Élisabeth Bergere on 23 April 1798 – she was a young woman from Meudon, five years his junior, with whom he much later had two children. He then went to Toulon and on 19 May the same year boarded the Franklin. He landed in Egypt on 4 July after the capture of Alexandria and was then made a member of the Commission des Sciences et des Arts. Still under Conté's command, he was attached to a group of mechanical artists and ordered to investigate Egyptian crafts and techniques. He left Alexandria for Cairo on 7 September and, after a few weeks in Cairo, was on 3 October put under Antoine-François Andréossy's command as part of a team of geographers sent to investigate Lake Menzalé between Damietta and Port Said. Bouchard was only on this mission for forty days before going before the exit-panel of the École polytechnique presided over by Monge, graduating in mid November. He was then promoted to engineer lieutenant, second class on 28 November 1798 and left the Commission des Sciences et des Arts to train in the army.

He was then put in charge of rebuilding of Fort Julien, an old Mamluk fortification near the port city of Rosetta (present-day Rashid) which Bonaparte had renamed after Thomas Prosper Jullien, recently assassinated in Egypt. During these works he discovered the Rosetta Stone on 15 or 19 July 1799. He was immediately convinced of its importance, an enthusiasm he passed on to generals Menou and Bonaparte. He found himself caught up in the fiasco which led to the fall of the fort of El-Arish, which he and general Cazals were defending against the Ottomans. He was sent as an envoy to the Grand Vizier but was arrested, disarmed and imprisoned in Damascus for forty-two days. On his release he was promoted to captain on 1 May 1800 and attached again to the force at Rosetta, where he was again captured when the small French garrison Fort Jullien had to capitulate to the 2,000 British and 4,000 Ottoman troops sent against them. He was released at the end of the war in Egypt and got back to Marseille on 30 July 1801.

Saint Domingue and Spain
At Marseille he joined the Saint-Domingue expedition, embarking in December accompanied by his wife, who came with him at her own expense in imitation of Pauline Bonaparte, wife of the expedition's commander Leclerc. Bouchard and his wife both caught yellow fever on the island, though she was repatriated and gave birth to their daughter in 1802, without Bouchard receiving news until much later. Bouchard was captured on the island's surrender and interned on Jamaica before being released on parole in August 1804, after which he went back to France. He convalesced there for a few months before joining Napoleon in September 1805, upon which Bouchard was put in charge of construction works in the town of Vendée (later renamed La Roche-sur-Yon), which Napoleon had founded to reestablish civil and military authority on a civilian population who he thought might be encouraged to resume the War in the Vendée by the British naval presence in the area. Bouchard was in the town for two years with his wife, who gave birth to a son.

After a brief stay in La Rochelle, in 1807 Bouchard joined an expeditionary force which Napoleon was sending against Spain and Portugal after the Treaty of Tilsit. Bouchard then spent seven years in the Peninsular War under Dupont, Soult, Massena and Marmont, fighting bravely at the Battle of Alcolea Bridge on the Guadalquivir. Even so, after Dupont's surrender at Baylen on 22 July 1808, Bouchard was yet again captured. When he was released he went to join Soult's army and was present at the battle of Corogne and the capture of Oporto, distinguishing himself at the head of the sappers in the crossing of the fortified bridge at Amarante. He was promoted to chef de bataillon on 24 November 1809, but left his wife in such great want she had to beg for an advance of 500 francs from his pay, which he had otherwise entirely devoted to buying equipment and new horses after the French pulled out of Portugal. In 1810 and 1811 he fought under Massena in a new expedition to Portugal, which once again ended in retreat. He was made a Knight of the Légion d'Honneur and attached to the defence of Astorga in Spain under the command of Marmont then Clauzel. There he was again captured on the city's surrender and sent to England in September 1812, leaving his children and his parents in the care of his wife, who was again impoverished now she did not have his income.

Restoration
Bouchard only got back to France after the Treaty of Paris in July 1814 and the Bourbon Restoration saw him made an Officer of the Légion d'Honneur, a knight of the order of Saint Louis and chief engineer of Orléans. During the Hundred Days he sided with Napoleon, who put him in charge of defending Laon. He was denounced after Waterloo for this action and put on half-pay, until requesting in July 1816 that his service record be amended to play down his actions during the Hundred Days. He thus rejoined the army and was attached to the fortified cities in northern France. His classmate Prevost de Vernois recommended him for the rank of lieutenant colonel, but he died in Givet in 1822, as Engineer in Chief there, after a long and painful illness – his daughter died just before him, aged 13. His widow's friends convinced the king to grant her a 450 franc pension, only a quarter of the pension Bouchard himself had received.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pierre-François Bouchard


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Zurdo

Zurdo is a 2003 Mexican fantasy adventure film, directed by Carlos Salces from the same company that produced Amores Perros.

Translated from Spanish, the title means "Lefty."

Plot
A young boy called Lefty is a gifted marble player who lives in an urban housing complex. One day a stranger arrives claiming to know the best marble player in the world and challenges Lefty to a contest. The news sends the townspeople into a frenzy and they put all their hopes and dreams into their little hero winning much more than a simple game of marbles. With success well within his grasp, Lefty is faced with a dilemma when a corrupt local official comes along to sabotage his chances.

Music
The music is by Paul van Dyk who won an Ariel (Mexican Oscar) for his work, he also has released the soundtrack to the film in the form of an album.

title: Zurdo


text:
Desmoteplase

Desmoteplase is a novel, highly fibrin-specific "clot-busting" (thrombolytic) drug in development that reached phase III clinical trials. The Danish pharmaceutical company, Lundbeck, owns the worldwide rights to Desmoteplase. In 2009, two large trials (DIAS-3 and DIAS-4) were started to test it as a safe and effective treatment for patients with acute ischaemic stroke. After disappointing results in DIAS-3, DIAS-4 was terminated, and in December 2014 Lundbeck announced that they would stop the development of desmoteplase.

Desmoteplase is a recombinant form of the alpha-1 isoform of DSPA (Desmodus rotundus salivary plasminogen activator).

Mode of action
Desmoteplase, a chemical found in the saliva of vampire bats, has the effect of catalysing the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which is the enzyme responsible for breaking down fibrin blood clots.

Discovery of desmoteplase
As early as in 1932, the saliva of the vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) was known to lead to interference with the haemostatic mechanism of the host animal. In 1991, the DNA coding of four plasminogen activators present in the saliva of the vampire bat was completed. Of the four, recombinant D. rotundus salivary plasminogen activator alpha 1 (rDSPAα1; desmoteplase) was investigated further.

Chemical structure
The structure of desmoteplase is similar to rt-PA (alteplase), but it does not contain the plasmin-sensitive cleavage site and the lysine-binding Kringle 2 domain. As a result, desmoteplase, in comparison to rt-PA, has high fibrin selectivity (100,000- v. 550-fold increase in catalytic activity), an absence of neurotoxicity, and no apparent negative effect on the blood–brain barrier. Desmoteplase also has a half-life of about four hours; rtPA has a terminal plasma half-life of about 5 minutes.

Desmoteplase in acute ischaemic stroke clinical trial program
The two phase II trials DIAS and DEDAS indicated that when intravenous (IV) desmoteplase was administered three to 9 hours after onset of ischaemic stroke symptoms, it was associated with a high rate of reperfusion and a low rate of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage at doses up to 125 μg/kg. In the subsequent DIAS-2 trial, the same benefit could not be shown. This could be explained by the inclusion of a substantial number of patients with a mild stroke at baseline and small mismatch volumes associated with no vessel occlusion. Post hoc analyses of the DIAS-2 data and the pooled data of the DIAS, DEDAS and DIAS-2 data showed that patients who had a proximal cerebral vessel occlusion or high-grade stenosis on baseline angiography, had a positive response for desmoteplase.

In 2009, the DIAS-3 and DIAS-4 phase III trials started, each planning to enroll 400 patients worldwide who had had an acute ischaemic stroke. Participants are treated with desmoteplase as an intravenous bolus dose of 90 μg/kg within three to 9 hours after stroke symptom onset. Patients are selected with occlusion or high-grade stenosis (TIMI 0-1) in proximal cerebral arteries as assessed by magnetic resonance or computed tomography angiography. Wherever possible, additional perfusion-weighted imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging assessments will be done.

The outcomes of DIAS-3 and DIAS-4 studies should tell whether desmoteplase is a breakthrough treatment for acute ischaemic stroke. In June 2014, Lundbeck published a press release about the DIAS-3 study revealing neutral results in an intention-to-treat analysis. The proportion of patients presenting good clinical outcome was comparable in the desmoteplase group (51.3%) and in the placebo group (49.8%). Notably, Lundbeck mentioned that, when analysing per protocol, desmoteplase showed an effect relative to placebo. Publication of the final results is still awaited.

After the disappointing results in DIAS-3, the DIAS-4 trial was terminated. In December 2014 Lundbeck announced they would stop the development of desmoteplase and the company made a write-down of 309 million Danish crowns.

Significance of the time window
Current standards of treatment allow for IV rt-PA up to 4.5 hours in ischaemic stroke. After this time window, the benefit is typically thought to be outweighed by the risk of brain haemorrhage. Interarterial approaches are thought to be useful up to six hours. Nevertheless, CT-perfusion scans and MRI-perfusion versus MRI-diffusion demonstrate that even after six hours a significant ischaemic penumbra of brain tissue may be salvageable. Some approaches to this involves mechanical removal of clot (for example the Merci device, the penumbra device and removable stents like Solitaire).

If desmoteplase can extend the IV treatment window to 9 hours, this would allow a much larger percentage of ischaemic stroke patients to receive active thrombolytic treatment – including patients who were delayed in getting to the hospital and neurological assessment. This could make a substantial difference in stroke outcomes. A 9-hour treatment window could also have a major impact on the treatment of "wake-up" strokes - where a patient awoke with symptoms, and is not sure whether the stroke occurred within the past 4.5 hours.

title: Desmoteplase


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User:Prefixcaz

Name: Caz

Location: Belgium

Year of birth: 1969

Zodiac sign: Scorpio

Gender: Male

Studies: H&R mgmnt, Comms&PR/Pers Mgmnt, Mil Tacs&WeaSys

Professions: H&R mgr, Int Peace Corps, Mil Adv, IT dpt mgr

Hobbies: Am Football, MA, bikes, golf, Scandinavian history

title: User:Prefixcaz


text:
Talk:Alphabet Route

Untitled
This could really use a map of the route from Toledo to Boston. Anyone care to make one? --63.160.95.13 20:04, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * That's one of my long-term plans. I currently have the route traced from Chicago/Toledo to around Pittsburgh - P&WV has a section. I'd also like to show the NKP to St. Louis.

 * By the way, do you know where the "Alpha Jets" actually went? Did they go to Boston or just to Maybrook for a transfer to NYNH&H trains? --SPUI (talk) 13:05, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Map done. I'd like to add state lines but that would be too much of a hassle at this point. --SPUI (talk) 20:55, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

What I can find
Bellevue had to transfer from one train to another, as there was no connection pointing the right way. They would have used the Bellevue Yard.

5-22-1950 Philly-Chicago and Philly-East St. Louis second morning service began

1-1-1955 Philly-Chicago TOFC (trailer on flatcar) service began

Can't find anything about it even going to Jersey City (in the PRR Chronology) but I know it did. --SPUI (talk) 23:22, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Another question - what yards did it use? I got some of them in the article, but I can't figure out the Chicago or St. Louis yards, for instance. --SPUI (talk) 00:35, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alphabet Route


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User:Darthbaby

you wasup everybody my name is earl and my current profession is : pornstar heres my moto

So i was sitting down the other day while i was eating a pear thinking about hot sauce, why does it have 5 legs and we only have 2, its not fair, i also noticed racist have fancy shoes while i only have a piece of carpet, then i ran outside and ate a banana because it was a hurricane, the old man that delivers my mail was not a man at all, but a broom, so i decided i would call the cops on that muffin thats been stalking me, blueberry my ass, then i got a tatoo on the bottom of my foot that was a picture of a drunk breadstick, i laughed so hard concrete shot out my nose. so i went to buy some x lax, because the floor was green again, when i went to the bar it was full of lizards, so i thought it was another one of those gay bars, so i burned that place down, then Martha Stewart tried to kill me with poisonous toothpicks, so i dodged the 18 wheeler and went in my clawset, because the bed bugs could not find me in there, but evantually the voices in my head told me that there was to much ahead in my life, and i should face darth vader face to face, then i fell asleep and i dreamed that i was sleeping, after that whole mess i took a bath, and pulled 4 leaches out of my nose, my hair was turning gray and i knew it was my time to forget to do the dishes, then my face imploded and they had to take me to mcdonalds to get it fixed, trust me you never want to eat french fries without being in japan because the chinese people are so racist that bagels taste better with cheese on them instead of ketchup, yesterday i found out that italians dont like mexicans, because the mexicans like the chinese, that eat canadians, that are allied with albania, that has currently declared war against greenland, that is currently in war with russia, because russia hates people from brazil, because they drown people from cambodia, and the Polish get mad and then they drop bombs on south africa, which ticks of sweden and then they boycott itallian ice, so i made some missing posters for my missing fish named fluffy, i loved that brick more than anything in the world, then after i got caught smuggling chinese air into the country, i went to my best friend donalds house, but that terrorist would not stop, so i called the dog catchers, and i finally finished the job and my gutters were leaf free, so i called pizza hut and they told me they did not sell pizzas anymore, but now burger king did, so i burned the english flag because they do not have the right to tell me that i can not have kids , so what if eyem a male, nowadays maids get to have all the fun, the get to eat lobsters and smoke peoples lost hair, my uncle once told me, boy if you ever have a choice in your life to become a lunch lady, you better do it , because if you dont the president will show up at your house and want you to drink with him, so the party was great but i cant remember the 70s because the government implanted a toaster in my brain , then when the bagel was ready i went outside and got the mail because mr broom was running late, excusesexcuses i cant believe my one and only friend got sent to the military and died in a fatal cardboard box crash, i will miss that dear old sandwich, i salute to you murphy the sandwich

title: User:Darthbaby


text:
Croatian Prva HMNL

The SuperSport HMNL (Croatian First Futsal League) is the top futsal league in Croatia.

Ten teams currently comprise the league. The Croatian First League winner is entered into the UEFA Futsal Champions League. Clubs also compete in the Croatian Futsal Cup.

The league was formed in 1991 with the dissolution of the Yugoslav leagues. It is operated by the Croatian Football Federation.

title: Croatian Prva HMNL


text: User talk:87.131.181.173

title: User talk:87.131.181.173


text: User talk:62.38.153.127

title: User talk:62.38.153.127


text: User talk:83.192.108.250

title: User talk:83.192.108.250


text: User talk:84.9.133.91

title: User talk:84.9.133.91


text:
User talk:Ukemike

Welcome!
Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! Hello, and welcome to the loony yet quite pleasing ranks of Wikipedians! My name is BorgHunter, one of very many zany Wikipedians around here, and let me be the first to welcome you here. Before getting too in-depth, you may want to read about the simplified ruleset. If you need help on how to title new articles check out the naming conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the manual of style. If you need help look at Help and the FAQ, plus if you can't find your answer there, check the Village Pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions)! There's still more help at the Tutorial and Policy Library. Plus, don't forget to visit the Community Portal. And if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my user talk page. And don't worry -- you may well have a bunch of questions after that avalanche of info I just threw at you. Yeah, Wikipedia has a bit of a culture and etiquette of its own, but you get used to it! ---

Additional tips
Here's some extra tips to help you get around in the 'pedia!
 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills the Sandbox is for you.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes (~). If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.
 * You may want to add yourself to the new user log.
 * You should also consider (if you have not already) creating a user page for yourself, to tell us a bit about you. Don't worry if it's small at first -- most people tend to grow their user pages over a period of time, much like Wikipedia articles. Don't expect everything to happen all at once!
 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.
 * If you're still entirely confused, or would like to get a better grasp of your wikipedia skills, and you have an IRC client (or don't mind getting one), check out the Bootcamp. It's not what it sounds like, but it is fun and can help you with your editing skills.
 * If you're bored and want to find something to do, try the Random page button in the sidebar, or check out the Open Task message in the Community Portal.

Happy Wiki-ing.
--BorgHunter (talk) 20:06, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ukemike


text:
Talk:List of storms named Maria

The Hurricane Maria (2017) page doesn't seem to exist and may need to be created as everytime I click the link, I get redirected back to Tropical Storm Maria. Fishymuse (talk) 19:41, 20 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Nevermind, it's a problem on my end. Link is fine. Fishymuse (talk) 20:20, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Maria


text:
Buddha (manga)

Buddha (ブッダ) is a manga drawn by Osamu Tezuka and is Tezuka's unique interpretation of the life of Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism. The critically acclaimed series is often referred to as a visually explicit yet humorous and thought-provoking portrayal of the Buddha's life; the series itself has become a staple text in Buddhist temples for young adults and teens to learn about the Buddha's life. The series began in September 1972 and ended in December 1983, as one of Tezuka's last epic manga works.

Buddha has over 20 million copies in circulation and won Eisner Awards in 2004 and 2005. Due to differences between the ways in which Japanese and English are read, the American volumes published by Vertical Inc. are presented as mirror images of Tezuka's original work so they can be read from left to right, rather than from right to left. Nearly three decades after the manga was completed, an anime film adaptation was released in 2011. A second film was released in 2014.

Plot
In ancient India, the lives of many people are plagued by drought, famine, constant warfare and injustices in the caste system. The intertwining lives of many unhappy souls are drawn together by the birth of the young prince Siddhartha, who embarks on a spiritual journey and becomes Gautama Buddha, "the Enlightened One", and attempts to bring about a spiritual rebirth of the people in this desperate age.

Characters

 * Siddhartha Gautama (Sakyamuni Buddha): The main character of the Buddha series and prince of the Shakya tribe. He is born midway into book 1, shortly after his birth his mother dies. The first book mentions omens that seemed to symbolize Siddhartha's future. In book 2, he is a child growing bored of the privileged life of a prince. He leaves the palace towards the end of the book to become a monk. In book 3, he is a struggling monk. In book 4, after many trials in the Forest of Uruvela, Buddha achieves enlightenment. He continues to teach his disciples and inspire others until his death in book 8.
 * Chapra: A fictional character from the lower Shudra caste who decides to make a better life for himself. After saving the life of a well-known Kosalan general, Chapra is adopted by him as his own son, under the belief that Chapra is a Kshatriya warrior orphan. After growing up, Chapra's true heritage is revealed when his mother shows up, resulting in conflict for Chapra. Chapra eventually decides to escape with her after the truth of his caste is revealed and the two are killed by Kosalan soldiers.
 * Princess Yashodara: A beautiful princess who loved Siddhartha and is also the latter's cousin. He married her against his will, and together they had a son named Rāhula. Siddhartha left on the day Rahula was born.
 * Bandaka: An arrogant archer who appears in book 1 and 2. He was in love with Yashodara and fought Buddha for her hand in marriage. After Buddha left to pursue enlightenment, Bandaka convinced Buddha's father to name him heir to the Shakyan but still failed to win Yashodara over. He then resigns himself to taking a plump noblewoman as his wife, fathering Devadatta, and is later killed while fighting the invading Kosalan army.
 * Prasennajit: The ruler of Kosala. He married a slave from Kapilavastu, tricked to think she was a Kshatriya, and takes over Kapilavastu when he finds out the truth. When he objects to his son Virudhaka releasing Kapilavatsu, Virudhaka imprisons his father, claiming he is mentally unfit to rule. In his cell, Prasentnajit gradually wanes physically and mentally until Buddha convinces his son to release him. He dies shortly afterward, reduced to a mere beggar.
 * Virudhaka: Prasentnajit's son. After learning of his mother's true caste, he ostracizes her to the slave quarters and later orders her to be killed with the other slaves when plague breaks out among them. For tricking his father, Virudhaka begins a gradual extermination of Buddha's tribe until Buddha shows him that all he's accomplished is to increase the suffering he already felt. He is sometimes called Prince Crystal due to the Lapis Lazuli set in his forehead.
 * Bimbisara: The king of Magadha, whom Asaji prophesies will be killed by his son. This torments Bimbisara all his life. Drugged by Devadatta, Bimbisara is overthrown by his son Ajasattu and locked in the same tower he jailed his son in for attempting to kill Buddha where he gradually starves to death. On his death bed, Bimbisara meets Buddha one more time and asks Buddha to save his son. In his final hours, he regrets not showing his son more affection, instead consumed by paranoia that his son would kill him as prophesied.
 * Prince Ajatasattu: Bimbisara's son, who is imprisoned in book 6 because he shot and almost killed Buddha with an arrow. He falls in love with a blue-eyed blonde slave named Yudelka, and vows revenge on his father when she is murdered. Ajatasattu, with the help of Devadatta, overthrows his father. The guilt causes him to have a malignant tumor, which Buddha cures. In doing so, Buddha sees him smile for the first time, and pronounces "It's in the heart of man... that God exists."
 * Tatta: A fictional thief of the 'Pariah', making his status even lower than that of the slave caste. As a child, Tatta is very close to nature and has the unique ability to possess animals, which the Brahmin Naradatta takes great advantage of. In volume 1, after befriending the slave Chapra, his mother and sister are murdered by the rampaging armies of Kosala. After Kosala's soldiers execute Chapra and 'Moms', Tatta vows revenge upon the kingdom of Kosala. As he grows up, Tatta becomes a bandit and reveals his plan of vengeance is to show the outside world to the sheltered child, Siddhartha, in hopes of persuading him to vanquish Kosala when he becomes king. In book 3, he agrees to stop being a bandit. In book 5, he becomes a lay disciple to Buddha, unwilling to become a monk because it would mean cutting his hair. Despite Buddha's attempts to convince him otherwise, Tatta is unable to forgive the Kosalans for killing those close to him and joins a renegade Shakyan army who sought revenge for the atrocities inflicted on them by Crystal Prince. He dies in the last book fighting the Kosalan army.
 * Migaila: A bandit whom Buddha falls in love with in book 2. Her eyes are burnt out on order from Buddha's father for scheming to marry him which leaves her blind for the rest of the series however she is able to "see" the world mysteriously. After a stillbirth, she becomes fatally ill with a total body rash, that leaves her terrifying to look at. Siddartha saves her life with Tatta by sucking the poison out with their mouths. She is Tatta's wife, and they have one son in book 4, a stillborn, and triplets, introduced in book 7.
 * Dhepa: A samanna (a non-Brahmin monk), whose philosophy is that humans were meant to suffer. He burns out one of his eyes to join Tatta and Migaila. Buddha befriends Dhepa in book 3, but the two part ways when Buddha decides against Dhepa's lifestyle. Despite ridiculing Buddha's teachings and even attempting to kill him at one point, Buddha saves Dhepa's life in book 5 whereupon Dhepa becomes his disciple.
 * Asaji: In volume 3, Siddhartha and Dhepa are sheltered by a huntsman and his family. In return, the huntsman asks the monks if his infant son, Asaji, can join them on their travels. Judging Asaji by his dimwitted look and runny nose, Dhepa and Siddhartha refuse, attempting to flee from Asaji by any means necessary. When Asaji catches a fever after pursuing the monks through the monsoon season, Siddhartha is determined to save him. Siddhartha cures Asaji by sucking the poisonous pus from his body. Meanwhile, the unconscious Asaji encounters a god in a vision that tells him in ten years time he will be devoured by beasts in payment for his father's meaningless hunting. As time passes, when Siddhartha is separated from the other monks, Asaji successfully and precisely predicts natural disasters. His predictions are a gift from a god. Eventually, he is brought forth before King Bimbisara and prophesies his fate and that of many other palace nobles. When Siddhartha undertakes the trials of the forest, he is astounded that Asaji is completely fearless of his gruesome destiny. When the moment of truth arrives, Asaji approaches a litter of starving wolf-cubs and sacrifices himself to the ferocious parents that tear him apart, much to Siddhartha's horror.
 * Devadatta: One of Buddha's first disciples. The son of Bandaka, Devadatta had a difficult childhood. As a child, he is forced to flee from Kapilavastu and meets Naradatta, learning to live with animals. When he returns to civilization, he is exploited by others to gain power, and sees a powerless old woman die. As a result, he resolves "I'll be a strong human, the strongest alive!" He met Tatta when looking for a warrior, and through Tatta, Devadatta met the Buddha. He leaves the sect when he is not chosen to be Buddha's successor and attempts to form his own sect by stealing Buddha's followers. When that fails, Devadatta plots to kill Buddha; first by dropping a boulder on him, then by having an elephant stampede him. When his initial attempts fail, Devadatta poisons his nails but accidentally injures himself with them when he trips. In his final moments, he reveals that he hated the Buddha because he wanted to be just like him but couldn't.
 * Visakha: Visakha is the leader of a town suffering from a plague, which took her parents' lives. She is betrothed to Sukanda, a knight tasked with guarding the city. She meets Siddartha for the first time, when he and Dhepa rest in the town to save Asaji from a nearly fatal illness. She falls in love with him and tries to keep him in her city. Tatta, along with his bandits, then invade the town, rescuing Siddartha, and taking Viskha with them. The bandits also burn the town. Sukanda, comes to rescue her, but realizing she does not love him, commits suicide. Siddartha, Tatta, and Visakha part ways. Years later, Siddartha comes upon the remains of the town and meets Visakha again. She is the only resident of the town and is addicted to hallucinatory potions. Siddartha rescues her; when she eventually sobers, she becomes a disciple.
 * Sujata: Sujata first meets Siddartha as a young girl. She saves his life by feeding him, when he nearly starves from fasting during an ordeal. Later she saves him yet again, having fallen in love with him. She's eventually bitten by a cobra. Siddartha saves her life by pulling a soul back into her body, with instruction from Brahman. This is also the first time we see the recurring visual motif of interconnected souls.
 * Ananda: Ananda is the maternal half-brother of Devadetta as mentioned briefly in book 3. However, the both of them don't seem to know that they are blood-related. A former criminal who becomes one of Buddha's major disciples. The devil Mara protected him after Ananda's father offered him in exchange for sparing his life. Following his mother's murder, Ananda seeks revenge on all humanity until Buddha saved his life. Ananda then becomes Buddha's personal attendant and companion although visions of hell and death continue to haunt him.
 * Lata: A pretty former slave with whom Ananda falls in love. She has difficulty speaking. Lata cuts off her hair to achieve enlightenment. She dies after receiving a snake bite meant for Buddha in book 7.
 * Angulimala: A ruthless killer who works with Ananda and tries to kill Buddha. He is known to wear the fingers of his victims as a necklace around his neck. He ends up changing his ways thanks to Buddha's guidance.
 * Naradatta: A monk who is turned into an animal for forty years as punishment for killing several animals in order to save one human. He becomes a mentor for Devadatta. Naradatta dies in the last book, moments after he is forgiven for his murder and returned to his human state.
 * Yatala: A twenty-foot giant. The son of a slave who studied herbs and plants, Yatala's father gave him a potion that would make him grow to be powerful and invincible. His parents were killed shortly after he received the potion which caused him to grow twenty feet high by adulthood. Yatala then killed the elephant that killed his parents and wandered off, killing livestock and terrorizing villages. Many tried to kill him unsuccessfully, including a person with a bazooka. Finally, Virudhaka, or Prince Crystal, tamed him by offering him a position within the Kosalan palace guard. However, Yatala was angered by how Virudhaka abused his mother simply because of her caste and escaped whereupon he met Buddha who shows him how Virudhaka is suffering as well. He later went to work for the Kinga of Magadha before shaving his head and becoming Buddha's disciple.
 * Master Asita: Naradatta's master. He appears in the first book briefly and sends Naradatta to find a man with the power to save the world. He later goes to the baby prince Siddharta and gives him blessings from Brahma and Indra. He later curses Naradatta for killing several animals to save the life of one human. He was also shown to have siddhis.
 * Brahman: Supreme universal Spirit. Appearing frequently to Buddha as a wizened old man, Brahman sets Siddhartha on the path to seeking a solution to suffering. After Buddha obtained enlightenment, Brahman bestowed him with the title of Buddha. After the Buddha died in book 8, Brahman personally escorted the Buddha to the afterlife where he promised to reveal what awaited those who pass into death.
 * Yudelka: A pretty 'slave' who is a worker in Magadha with whom Ajatasattu falls in love during his imprisonment in a tower. She is later killed after guards hear about their plan to escape.
 * Moggalana and Sariputta: Both are introduced in book 7 and are Buddha's future 'heirs' according to Buddha. Both have psychic powers.

Themes

 * Pratītyasamutpāda: The interconnectedness of life is highlighted first, in Master Asita's story of his master, Gosala, being saved by animals. In the story, a rabbit immolates itself to save his life. Later on, Assaji similarly sacrifices himself to be consumed by a pack of starving baby wolves.
 * Impermanence: Throughout the story, characters go through many ups and down – kings are imprisoned by their own sons, murderers become holy men, and numerous characters die, emphasizing the impermanence of life.

List of titles

 * 1) Kapilavastu: Prince Siddhartha (the future Buddha) runs from home.
 * 2) The Four Encounters: Siddhartha rejects his heritage.
 * 3) Devadatta: Siddhartha, accompanied by Dhepa and Assaji, visit a plague stricken town.
 * 4) The Forest of Uruvela: Buddha visits the Forest of Uruvela, beyond which awaits enlightenment.
 * 5) Deer Park: Buddha's divinity is tested as he attempts to thwart a war.
 * 6) Ananda: Buddha confronts Ananda, who is possessed by his eternal enemy Mara.
 * 7) Prince Ajatasattu: Devadatta becomes a power hungry monk with Prince Ajatasattu under his tutelage.
 * 8) Jetavana: Buddha, teaching until his last breath, finds Nirvana.

Anime films
In 2009, an animated feature-length film adaptation titled ''Tezuka Osamu no Buddha – Akai Sabaku yo! Utsukushiku (English title: Buddha: The Great Departure'') was announced. The film was directed by Kozo Morishita, produced by Tezuka Productions, animated by Toei Animation and distributed by Toei Company and Warner Bros. Pictures. The film was released on May 28, 2011 during the celebrations of the 750th memorial of Shinran Shonin, founder of the Jōdo Shinshū sect. Rock band X Japan performed the theme "Scarlet Love Song", composed by band leader Yoshiki at Morishita's request. A second film, Buddha 2: Tezuka Osamu no Buddha ~Owarinaki Tabi~ (BUDDHA2 手塚治虫のブッダ　終りなき旅), was released on February 8, 2014. Ayumi Hamasaki recorded "Pray", composed by Kunio Tago and arranged by Yuta Nakano, as the theme song of the film. The 14th Dalai Lama appeared on a Tokyo MX TV special on January 18, 2014, to state his approval. After seeing the film a month before it premiered in Japan, he said, "I am very thankful to have the world of the Buddha be spread by the film."

Originally, a series of three films was planned. However, the production of the third film was stopped for financial reasons.

Reception
Buddha has over 20 million copies in circulation. The English release of the manga won Best U.S. Edition of Foreign Material at the 2004 and 2005 Eisner Awards and received a nomination in 2006. It also won the award for Best American Edition of Foreign Material at the 2004 and 2005 Harvey Awards. The film was nominated for the 2012 Japan Academy Prize for Animation of the Year.

title: Buddha (manga)


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User talk:Darthbaby

Vandalism
Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Private Butcher 20:07, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. (I refer to ASPA). DES (talk) 21:05, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Darthbaby


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Stage Dolls

Stage Dolls is a Norwegian hard rock band based in Trondheim, Norway.

History
In 1982, Erlend Antonsen and Terje Storli played at local clubs in and around Trondheim. In need of a guitarist they called on Torstein Flakne, who by then had finished playing in The Kids (a popular teeny-band in Norway 1980-82). Throughout the summer and fall of 1982 the newly formed band started rehearsing and playing shows in the region. The trio took the name Stage Dolls in January 1983. The first album, titled Soldier's Gun, was released in late 1985, after a successful nationwide tour in Norway supporting the Norwegian band TNT.

Antonsen left the band in 1985 and was replaced by Steinar Krokstad; he in turn left in 1993 and was replaced by Morten Skogstad.

The recordings for their next album Commandos started in late 1985. It peaked at number 8 in the Norwegian charts (VG) and set the band up as one of the most popular rock bands in Norway in 1986. The album was released in the US by Big Time Records and the title track "Commandos" gained considerable airplay on college-radio.

The self-titled third album was released in 1988. It made it to number 3 at the charts in Norway, and the single "Wings of Steel" went to number 10. In 1989, the band released the album on Chrysalis Records for the American market. The single "Love Cries" went to number 46 on the Billboard Singles Charts the same year. A second single for the song "Still in Love" was also released in America.

In 1991, the band released a fourth album called Stripped. The album went to number 5 in Norway, and the single "Love Don't Bother Me" charted at number 3. The music video for the song, featured English model Kate Moss.

In 1995, Torstein Flakne released a solo album on Mercury Records in 1995 called Shoot the Moon.

Current members

 * Torstein Flakne - lead vocals, lead guitar (1983–present)
 * Terje Storli - bass, backing vocals (1983–present)
 * Morten Skogstad - drums, percussion, backing vocals (1993–present)

Former members

 * Erlend Antonsen - drums, percussion, backing vocals (1983–1985)
 * Steinar Krokstad - drums, percussion, backing vocals (1985–1993)

Studio albums

 * Soldier's Gun (1985)
 * Commandos (1986)
 * Stage Dolls (1988)
 * Stripped (1991)
 * Dig (1997)
 * Get a Life (2004)
 * Always (2010)

Live albums

 * Get a Live CD + DVD (2005)

Compilation albums

 * Stories We Could Tell (1993)
 * Good Times - The Essential Stage Dolls (2002)

title: Stage Dolls


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Template:NJ Legislative 37

For the 2024-2025 session, the 37th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the New Jersey Senate by Gordon M. Johnson (D, Englewood) and in the General Assembly by Shama Haider (D, Tenafly) and Ellen Park (D, Englewood Cliffs).

title: Template:NJ Legislative 37


text: User talk:63.161.12.129

title: User talk:63.161.12.129


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Schleicher ASH 25

The ASH 25 is a two-seater high performance Open Class glider manufactured by Alexander Schleicher from 1986 until September 2008, originally with a 25-metre wingspan. It was superseded in production by the ASH 30.

Design and development
In 1984, designer Martin Heide (the 'H' in the type designation) combined the wing of the World Championship winning single-seater Schleicher ASW 22 with a fuselage derived from the Akaflieg Stuttgart fs31 which had particularly low drag. The prototype was designated AS 22-2. The span was increased in later versions to 25.6 or 26 metres with winglets.

A 'turbo' version was also developed, the ASH 25E, followed by the self-launching ASH 25 Mi with a large retractable propeller and a Wankel engine.

Variants

 * ASH 25:A 25m Open class glider, 25.6m or 26m wingspan when fitted with option winglets.
 * ASH 25E:Self-sustaining version with a 24 hp Rotax 275 engine
 * ASH 25M:Self-launching version with a 50 hp AE50R engine. Both the ASH 25 and ASH 25E can be converted to the ASH 25M by the manufacturer.
 * ASH 25 Mi:Self-launching version with a 56 hp IAE50R-AA engine. The ASH 25, ASH 25E and ASH 25M can be converted to the ASH 25Mi by the manufacturer.
 * ASH 25J:Self-launching version with a jet engine
 * ASH 25EB:Self-launching version with a Rotax 535C engine, 27m wingspan and one-piece canopy
 * ASH 25EB/28:Self-launcher with one-piece canopy and 28m wingspan

title: Schleicher ASH 25


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Talk:Elective dictatorship

[Untitled]
What's the purpose in mentioning the commonwealth of Britain bill? The way it is presented at the end suggests it would end the elective dictatorship, but it wouldn't at all. I'm removing the reference. Ud terrorist 20:09, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

The phrasing of the last paragraph (solutions to reform elective dictatorship) seems to suggest that PR and a written constitution enjoy widespread popular support. Whatever their merits I think it fair to say that this is not the case. Wording tightened up.

Xdamr 23:57, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

added cleanup tag
The third paragraph ("The governing party...") requires cleanup -- it contains a fragment and a lot of repetition. Joriki 02:51, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Tag removed, I've rewritten the article to give it a more coherent and cohesive appearence.

Xdamr 14:40, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

early History
From the political institutional point of view, the North American colonists of the 1760's-1770's wanted either directly elected representatives from the North American colonies in the British parliament, or some kind of structurally-entrenched "constitutional" guarantee of certain privileges for the North American colonies (i.e. so that the privileges couldn't be revoked by a simple majority vote of parliament after the next revolving-door change of British ministries). It was the refusal of politicians in London to seriously consider either of these demands which was one of the contributing causes of the American Revolutionary War. I think that sometimes Americans in the 1760's and 1770's railed against parliamentary elective dictatorship (though they presumably didn't use that exact phrase). AnonMoos (talk) 11:54, 9 December 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Elective dictatorship


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User:BrendanS

Hello People of Wikepedia. Welcome to my Wike Page!

title: User:BrendanS


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Cato Bontjes van Beek

Cato Bontjes van Beek (14 November 1920 – 5 August 1943) was a German member of the Resistance against the Nazi regime.

Early years
Born in Bremen, Cato was the eldest of three children. She spent her childhood and youth in the nearby Fischerhude artists' colony around her uncle Otto Modersohn. Her parents, the Dutch-born potter Jan Bontjes van Beek (1899–1969) and dancer and painter Olga Bontjes van Beek ( Breling; 1896–1995) offered their children considerable personal freedom while growing up. From 1929, Cato stayed abroad to attend the German school in Amsterdam, and in 1937, she spent time in Winchcombe, Gloucestershire, as an au pair.

Unlike many others, Cato did not join the League of German Girls (Bund Deutscher Mädel, BDM) youth organisation. Through her younger brother, Tim (1923-2013), she met Luftwaffe Sergeant Helmut Schmidt, the future Chancellor of Germany, who, from 1937, was stationed in Bremen-Vegesack for his military service and during this time had an intense friendship with the Bontjes van Beek family. However, Schmidt eventually broke off this friendship when he began an officers' training in order to join the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe in Berlin.

Beginning in 1940, Cato and her younger sister, Mietje, lived with their father in Berlin, where he had already moved in 1933 in the hopes of spreading his artistic work. They met friends at their father's house who opposed the Nazi regime. Cato, though, struggled to choose a profession and attempted to become a pilot. This even included joining the National Socialist Flyers Corps to learn gliding. However, Cato eventually decided to learn her father's craft.

In 1940, Cato experienced the deportation of a Jewish family who lived in the same house. In a letter to her aunt, she then expressed her worries about "something terrible" to come. Both sisters saw the wrong that the Nazis inflicted upon others, were affected by it, and tried to help. Beginning in September 1940, this included giving humanitarian aid to French prisoners of war. Both Cato and Mietje would hand out bread or exchange letters with them while riding the Berlin S-Bahn.

Resistance activities
Van Beek's active work against the Nazis began in the Red Orchestra resistance organization after she had gotten to know Libertas Schulze-Boysen in autumn 1941. Together with her friend, the author Heinz Strelow, she distributed illegal writings and leaflets which sought to arouse readers to the struggle and resistance against the Nazi regime.

Arrest
In the course of the suppression of the resistance group, van Beek was arrested by Gestapo agents on 20 September 1942 in her father's pottery shop in Berlin. On 18 January 1943, she was found guilty at the Reichskriegsgericht military court of "abetting a conspiracy to commit high treason" and sentenced to death. A clemency appeal of the 22-year-old was personally denied by Adolf Hitler, though the court itself had suggested a reprieve. She was guillotined on 5 August 1943 at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin, together with 19-year-old Liane Berkowitz, who had given birth to a daughter in April. Her body was released to the institute of anatomy of Hermann Stieve on the same evening. Her final resting place is unknown.

Cato's younger sister, Mietje, managed to escape Nazi persecution and lived in Fischerhude until her death in 2012. Cato's mother's efforts to have her daughter's death sentence declared invalid remained unsuccessful for decades. The conviction was only reversed in 1999, four years after Cato's mother's death.

Honours
A gymnasium secondary school in Achim, a town near Bremen, has since 1991 borne the name Cato Bontjes van Beek-Gymnasium. A street in nearby Fischerhude also bears her name, and an explanatory notice. Both these places are in the Verden district. Further streets and public squares are named after her in Bremen, Leipzig, and Meldorf.

title: Cato Bontjes van Beek


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A Darkling Plain

A Darkling Plain is the fourth and final novel in the Mortal Engines Quartet series, written by British author Philip Reeve.

The novel won the 2006 Guardian Children's Fiction Prize and the 2007 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Young Adult Fiction.

Setting
The book is set six months after Infernal Devices. Wren Natsworthy and her father Tom Natsworthy have taken to the skies in their airship, the Jenny Haniver. After the apparent death of the Stalker Fang at the end of Infernal Devices, General Naga has seized command of the Green Storm and has signed a peace treaty between the Green Storm and the Traktionstadtsgesellschaft, ushering in a new era of peace and trade. Whilst Wren is enjoying life as an aviator, Tom misses Hester, and has been informed by a doctor that his weak heart means he only has a few years left to live. The Lost Boy, Fishcake, is secretly repairing the Stalker Fang, coming to regard her as the mother he never had. Theo Ngoni has returned to Zagwa and rejoined his family.

Explanation of the novel's title
The title is derived from Matthew Arnold's poem Dover Beach. This excerpt of the poem appears at the beginning of the book:

This relates to the novel in several ways. The characters are indeed swept about, often against their will, by the "ignorant armies" of the Green Storm and Traktionstadtsgesellschaft, on the "darkling plain" of the Great Hunting Ground.

Reeve references his choice of title himself towards the end of the book when the character Nimrod Pennyroyal writes a book within a book titled Ignorant Armies.

The similarly titled, "As on a Darkling Plain", by Ben Bova in 1972 also takes its title from this poem.

Part One
Six months after the events of Infernal Devices, General Naga, the now-leader of the Green Storm after the supposed demise of the Stalker Fang, has formed a truce with the Traktionstadtsgesellschaft, blossoming a new era of trade and peace.

Theo Ngoni, returning to his home of Zagwa and reuniting with his family, foils an assassination attempt on Oenone Zero, who is married to General Naga and has taken the title of Lady Naga. Zero was in Zagwa to facilitate peace terms with Zagwa and the Green Storm; and suspects that the attempt was made by Green Storm soldiers still loyal to the Stalker Fang. Due to the possibility of another attempt, Zero has an incognito merchant airship prepared that will take her an alternate route to Naga. As Theo saved her life, Zero wants him to accompany her; Theo agrees, hopeful that he might meet Wren. En route, Zero's servant Rohini is revealed to be Cynthia Twite, a Green Storm spy who survived the events of Infernal Devices, and attempts to kill her, but Theo intervenes. Cynthia escapes and downs the airship. The pair survive the crash, but Zero is captured by air-trader Napster Varley who plans to sell her to the Traktionstadtsgesellschaft; whilst Theo is saved from slavers by Hester Shaw and the Stalker Shrike, who is unable to kill due to Zero's tampering. After Theo informs them of Zero's capture, Hester and Shrike decide to find her, as Zero will be able to reverse Shrike's "barrier" she implemented.

Cynthia reaches Naga's base in Tienjing and lies to him that Zero was killed by the Zagwans, though Naga refuses to take action against Tractionists. Cynthia manages to weasle her way to serve in Naga's household.

In the Traction City of Peripatetiapolis, Tom Natsworthy discovers that the bullet that Nimrod Pennyroyal shot him with in Predator's Gold has damaged his heart and he has not long to live, though he doesn't tell his daughter Wren. Tom soon discovers a woman that resembles Clytie Potts, a London Apprentice Historian that he knew. When questioned, she tells him that her name is Cruwys Morchard and that she is transporting Old-Tech devices. Unconvinced, Tom and Wren decide to pursue her, travelling on the Jenny Haniver to Murnau, a Traktionstadtsgesellschaft city, where they meet Wolf von Kobold, the son of the Mayor of Murnau and commander of the traction city Harrowbarrow. Wolf believes that the survivors of MEDUSA may be still inside London, and the three agree to make an expedition to London.

Tom and Wren meet Wolf on Harrowbarrow, a burrowing Traction City, which takes them closer to London. With Wolf accompanying them, they fly the Jenny Haniver over the Green Storm border, and finally reaching the debris field of London. There they discover that the survivors of MEDUSA have rebuilt a society in London, led by Tom's old boss and now Mayor Chudleigh Pomeroy. Garamond, the paranoid head of security, convinces Pomeroy to keep them there as he suspects that they may inform others of London's survival. Tom, Wren and Wolf eventually discover a new traction town being rebuilt near the ruins, a project that was in-progress long before Magnus Crome decided to use MEDUSA. Noticing that "New London" has no wheels, the leading Engineer Dr. Childermass explains that it uses Magnetic Levitation to float above the ground, making it less harmful to the environment. Wolf slips away from the conversation and escapes back to Harrowbarrow, intent on devouring New London and to use the technology to make his city better.

Meanwhile, the former Lost Boy Fishcake has partially rebuilt the Stalker Fang in Cairo. The Stalker Fang often malfunctions, alternating in personality between the kind and supportive Anna-side and the cold and merciless Stalker-side. Fishcake informs Fang that Cairo is stopping to trade with Lost Boy-ruled Brighton where they steal a limpet and make their way to the state of Shan Guo, where the Stalker will do something "important".

Walking the rest of the way by foot, Fishcake and Fang stop at a hermitage, that is inhabited by Sathya, an exiled commander of the Green Storm and an old friend to Anna. The Anna-side of the Stalker doesn't wish to harm Sathya, and wants former London Engineer Dr. Popjoy, who resurrected her in Predator’s Gold to eliminate the Stalker-side. Despite protestations, Fishcake accompanies her to Batmunkh Gompa. However, before meeting Popjoy, the Stalker-side returns and demands that he remove the Anna-side. Popjoy explains to her that the brain he fitted her with in Rogue's Roost was from a much older model he found in the Arctic and that it was from a "Remembering Machine" that helped to keep a nomad culture alive. When Popjoy discovers that the Stalker Fang will reactivate ODIN (standing for Orbital Defence Initiative), an orbital weapon with firepower similar to MEDUSA, he protests; but the Stalker kills him. The Stalker Fang takes Fishcake with her to Erdene Tezh, her old home.

Part Two
Napster Varley arrives in Airhaven, which is floating above the Traktionstadtgesellschaft, and unsuccessfully attempts to sell Zero to Wolf's father Kriegsmarschall von Kobold. Hester, Theo and Shrike arrive at the floating city and attempt to buy her from Varley, who asks for an extortionate price which they cannot pay. Hester and Theo discover Pennyroyal hiding in Airhaven in disgrace and debt after a newspaper exposed him as a fraud. Hester takes what remains of his money and heads to Varley's ship to buy Zero, with Theo accidentally mentioning to Pennyroyal about Zero being alive. With this knowledge and seeking to reclaim fame, Pennyroyal rounds up men from Manchester and marches to Varley's ship. Discovering a photograph of Zero that Varley placed on him, von Kobold attempts to rescue her to make further peace with Naga.

Hester's attempt to cheat Varley is discovered and he attacks her, but his abused wife kills him. As Hester and Zero make their way back, von Kobold finds them and helps them. Pennyroyal arrives with the Manchester men and a fight ensues where von Kobold is shot, but survives via his Old-Tech armour. Shrike manages to scare them away and gets Hester and Zero to their airship the Shadow Aspect and escape. Pennyroyal gets into an altercation with a journalist and falls from Airhaven and is assumed dead, but lands in the rigging of the Shadow Aspect. Stalker-birds arrive but escort the airship to a Green Storm air base where they are hailed as heroes. The base is soon attacked by the Traktionstadtsgesellschaft and Harrowbarrow. All escape in an airship heading east except Theo who stays behind to retrieve a letter that Wren sent him, but is seemingly killed by a bomb shell.

Wolf returns to Harrowbarrow and meets with von Kobold and the Mayor of Manchester Adlai Browne. With support from other Traktionstadtsgesellschaft cities, Browne intends to destroy the Green Storm, despite von Kobold wanting peace. In Tienjing, Naga is informed of the Green Storm air base being attacked but does nothing, disheartened by Zero's supposed death. Cynthia has been poisoning his green tea to make him helpless further and fanatically believes that the Stalker Fang will return.

Fishcake and the Stalker Fang, whose personalities seem to be merged, steal Popjoy's air yacht and reach Erdene Tezh and her old home. Inside, she starts to create a device which will relay orders to ODIN.

Part Three
Theo survives the attack on the airfield and treks east across the plains toward London, where Wren's letter told him she would be; whilst the surviving Green Storm soldiers are transported off to Forward Command, an old traction city where Hester, Shrike and Zero were taken. Theo eventually reaches New London and is reunited with Wren, as well as warning the residents that the war between the Green Storm and the Traktionstadtsgesellschaft has restarted.

ODIN is fired upon Manchester and other cities by the Stalker Fang, killing Browne. Orla Twombley, a pilot formerly from Brighton, observes the destruction and reports to von Kobold in Murnau, telling him and the remaining cities to retreat from a Green Storm weapon. Naga receives communication that Zero is alive, and, realising that Twite has deceived him confronts her. Twite attempts to kill him, but ODIN fires on Tienjing. Naga survives but Twite is killed instantly in the blast.

The residents of New London see the firepower of ODIN from afar, and fearing that it is a Green Storm weapon, make plans to head north when the city is finished. Tom, fearing for Wren, takes the Jenny Haniver to Tienjing, hoping to convince Naga to not use his supposed weapon. Tom leaves a letter to Wren saying his goodbyes and entrusting Theo to take care for her, admitting that he is dying. Wolf hears of Manchester's destruction and is determined to continue on to London, claiming to his underlings that Harrowbarrow's creeping nature will help them survive.

Part Four
Hester, Shrike, Zero and Pennyroyal make their way to Batmunkh Gompa to reunite with Naga, who has been evacuated to there. They are told of the destruction of traction cities and Tienjing alike, which Shrike deduces is the work of the Stalker Fang. Zero intends to talk to Popjoy as he built the Stalker Fang and may know how to disable her for good.

Wren discovers Tom's letter and attempts to follow him with Theo, but they are stopped by Garamond, who believes they are Green Storm agents and are escaping to betray New London. It is revealed that Pomeroy had died in his sleep when Tom left New London and Garamond has taken his place. Garamond arrests the pair, but Childermass frees them and tells them to escape to a Green Storm settlement. It is revealed that Childermass is the mother of Bevis Pod.

Tom, flying the Jenny Haniver, is intercepted on his way to Tienjing and brought to Batmunkh Gompa, where he is interrogated by Naga. Tom pleads for Naga to not use the weapon on New London, but Naga mistakes him for a Traktionstadtsgesellschaft spy and disbelieves him. Hester and the others arrive in Batmunkh Gompa, where Zero discovers Popjoy is dead. When Zero meets with Naga, he accuses her of being a spy, believing that London is the master of the new weapon and that Popjoy faked his death to join them. Naga has Zero beaten and detained, then orders for their forces to attack London. Pennyroyal informs Hester and Shrike of Zero's predicament, and Hester is shakily reunited with Tom, who tells her that Theo is alive and with Wren in London. With Shrike, the pair escape on the Jenny Haniver. The Stalker Fang targets Zhan Shan, a volcano, with ODIN, triggering an eruption that will last for weeks and destroy many provinces. Tom and Hester deduce that the Stalker Fang has gone to Erdene Tezh and fly the Jenny Haniver there.

Wren and Theo hear Harrowbarrow approaching to devour New London. Wren boards it whilst Theo warns the Londoners of the approaching city. Wren confronts Wolf, and tricks him into diverting Harrowbarrow into an area that is full of energy left from MEDUSA. The Green Storm arrives and attacks, though Wolf continues ahead, having dealt with the Green Storm before, but Harrowbarrow is damaged by MEDUSA's left-over energy. Theo boards it and finds Wren, but Harrowbarrow starts moving again. Naga, informed of Harrowbarrow's approach, realises his error and defends New London, which finally begins to move, with Harrowbarrow in pursuit. Wolf confronts Wren and Theo on Harrowbarrow's back, but Wren accidentally kills Wolf when Naga's airship arrives and rescues them. Naga drops Wren and Theo on New London and pilots his airship straight into Harrowbarrow in a kamikaze attack, destroying the city and allowing New London to escape.

On board the Jenny Haniver, Shrike finds Pennyroyal hiding, and the three tie him up. Stalker-birds attack the airship, severely damaging it. Shrike manages to save the three from being killed, but falls out of the ship and into the mountains. The airship downs near Fang's old home, where Hester and Tom leave Pennyroyal. Fishcake, having heard the airship, confronts them and tries to kill Hester, but is stopped by the Stalker Fang. Fishcake demands she kills them, but the Stalker Fang hits him and Fishcake runs away. Tom's heart begins to strain and he collapses. The Stalker Fang, deciding not to kill them as they will all die soon enough, takes Tom into the house as Hester follows.

The Stalker Fang explains to Tom and Hester that she destroyed various traction cities and Green Storm bases to make the two sides fight each other, giving her time to send a command to ODIN. This command targets various volcanoes around the Earth, which will erupt and kill humanity in the resulting volcanic winter, but will "make the world green again". Fishcake finds Pennyroyal, and they plan to escape in Popjoy's sky-yacht, but need the keys around the Stalker Fang's neck. Pennyroyal finds an anti-Stalker weapon that Hester dropped and makes his way toward the house. Tom attempts to convince the Anna-side of the Stalker to destroy ODIN, and the Stalker flashes between the converging personalities. Pennyroyal suddenly enters and kills the Stalker Fang, which falls onto the ODIN transmitter and destroys it. Tom's heart strains and he collapses again, whilst Pennyroyal takes the key to the sky-yacht and attempt to bring it to them to save Tom. As Hester takes Tom outside, they see a twinkling star in the sky, and Hester realises that the Stalker Fang had ordered ODIN to destroy itself. Pennyroyal attempts to fly the sky-yacht to Tom and Hester, but is threatened by Fishcake to leave them behind as revenge for leaving him on Brighton. Hester watches the sky-yacht fly away, and she comforts Tom as he dies. Hester commits suicide shortly afterwards.

Zero is informed of Naga's demise, and is appointed leader of the Green Storm, which she reforms as the Anti-Traction League. She makes a treaty with von Kobold to cease fighting forever, with many traction cities subsequently becoming static. Popjoy's sky-yacht fails outside Batmunkh Gompa, and Fishcake abandons Pennyroyal, who travels back to Murnau and spends time in debtors' prison before writing a truthful account of the events he survived, titling it Ignorant Armies. However, it is never published due to his fraudulent activities, and Pennyroyal lives out the rest of his life in Peripatetiapolis with an old girlfriend. Fishcake makes his way to Sathya's hermitage, where he lives with her into adulthood and has children of his own. He comes to regret leaving Hester and Tom in Erdene Tezh, though he believes that they were resourceful enough to find a way to escape. Wren and Theo leave New London in the north a year later, and go to Zagwa to see Theo's family. When Airhaven arrives, Wren and Theo buy a new airship with Wolf's expedition money, calling it the Jenny Haniver II and become air-traders. New London thrives as it escapes predator cities and trades with anti-gravity furniture.

Miles away, Shrike revives himself and arrives at Erdene Tezh too late, finding the remains of the Stalker Fang. Although her Stalker brain is dead, Shrike downloads memories from the older part of her brain. He then finds Tom and Hester's bodies, and considers taking Hester to be Resurrected, but decides against it when he sees that they held hands when they died. As he takes their bodies, Shrike recalls his own long-lost memories of his own two children (Ruan and Fern from Fever Crumb) before he was turned into a Stalker. Laying the bodies down in an outcrop nearby, Shrike shuts down and watches their bodies decompose over the years. As the years flash by him, an oak tree grows from Hester's body, and he eventually slows this time lapse when he notices human figures nearby. Finally out of his fugue state, Shrike discovers that a forest has grown round him, and meets a girl and a boy. The pair take him down into a village, where Shrike finds that he was considered an old shrine statue, and the people hung flowers around his neck for luck.

The Stalker discovers that the village has utilised Childermass' anti-gravity machines, and that he has woken hundreds, if not thousands of years into the future. When he asks if there are any traction cities in the world, the village people explain that they are thought to be fairy tales nowadays and find the idea ridiculous. When the people ask what he was for, Shrike responds that he is a "Remembering Machine", and is asked to tell his story. Shrike starts by speaking the first lines of Mortal Engines: "'It was a dark, blustery day in spring, and the City of London was chasing a small mining town across the dried-up bed of the old North Sea...'"

Literature

 * Henry Keazor: "'Mortal Engines' und 'Infernal Devices': Architektur- und Technologie-Nostalgie bei Philip Reeve", in: Techniknostalgie und Retrotechnologie, edited by Andreas Böhn and Kurt Möser, Karlsruhe 2010, pp. 129–147

title: A Darkling Plain


text:
User talk:Kensoccer1988

Welcome from Private Butcher
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title: User talk:Kensoccer1988


text: File:Photography s001 samluke777.jpg

title: File:Photography s001 samluke777.jpg


text:
80-Page Giant

80-Page Giant was the name used for a series of comic books published by DC Comics beginning in 1964. The series was named for its unusually high page count (the typical page count for American monthly comics at this time was 32 pages). The cover price was initially 25 cents, while other comics of the day were rarely above 12 cents. Many of these "Giant" issues contained reprinted material, often including material from the Golden Age era of comics. Each issue would focus upon a particular DC character or group, such as Superman, Batman, or Jimmy Olsen. The 80-Page Giant format and numbering would later be used for special extra-large, reprint-heavy issues of their regularly published titles.

In the late 1990s, DC Comics began publishing 80-Page Giant specials which were special publications relating to a series (including Secret Origins, which had not been an ongoing title for years) and which were usually compilations.

Around this time, DC was also publishing reprint-themed 80-Page Giant Annuals (also called "100 Page Spectaculars"), some of which were reprinted replicas of past Annuals and some of which were newly published reprint collections styled as the Annuals of a Silver Age title that had no Annuals during its actual run.

Number of pages
Originally, the Giant issues were all labeled 80 Page Giant. When the number of pages was decreased (usually to 64 pages), the "80 Page" part of the title was dropped and the title changed to simply Giant or DC Giant.

Types of "Giant" comics
There were four types of "Giant" comics:

Issues G1 to G15
These issues were published under the 80 Page Giant title. They had "80 Page Giant G##" on the cover:

 * 80 Page Giant 01 - Superman
 * 80 Page Giant 02 - Jimmy Olsen
 * 80 Page Giant 03 - Lois Lane
 * 80 Page Giant 04 - Flash
 * 80 Page Giant 05 - Batman
 * 80 Page Giant 06 - Superman
 * 80 Page Giant 07 - Sgt. Rock
 * 80 Page Giant 08 - Secret Origins
 * 80 Page Giant 09 - Flash
 * 80 Page Giant 10 - Superboy
 * 80 Page Giant 11 - Superman
 * 80 Page Giant 12 - Batman
 * 80 Page Giant 13 - Jimmy Olsen
 * 80 Page Giant 14 - Lois Lane
 * 80 Page Giant 15 - Superman and Batman

Issues G16 and up
These were published under other series titles such as Justice League of America #39. In other words, 80 Page Giant #16 is the same as JLA 39. These had "80 Page Giant G##" or "DC Giant G##" or "Giant ##" on the cover (for example, 80 Page Giant G16).

The following is a complete list of the issues, ordered by date:
 * 1965-11 80 Page Giant G16 Justice League of America 39
 * 1965-12 80 Page Giant G17 Batman 176
 * 1966-01 80 Page Giant G18 Superman 183
 * 1966-02 80 Page Giant G19 Our Army at War 164
 * 1966-03 80 Page Giant G20 Action Comics 334
 * 1966-04 80 Page Giant G21 Flash 160
 * 1966-05 80 Page Giant G22 Superboy 129
 * 1966-06 80 Page Giant G23 Superman 187
 * 1966-07 80 Page Giant G24 Batman 182
 * 1966-08 80 Page Giant G25 Jimmy Olsen 095
 * 1966-09 80 Page Giant G26 Lois Lane 68
 * 1966-10 80 Page Giant G27 Batman 185
 * 1966-10 80 Page Giant G28 World's Finest 161
 * 1966-11 80 Page Giant G29 JLA 048
 * 1966-12 80 Page Giant G30 Batman 187
 * 1967-01 80 Page Giant G31 Superman 193
 * 1967-02 80 Page Giant G32 Our Army at War 177
 * 1967-03 80 Page Giant G33 Action Comics 347
 * 1967-04 80 Page Giant G34 Flash 169
 * 1967-05 80 Page Giant G35 Superboy 138
 * 1967-06 80 Page Giant G36 Superman 197
 * 1967-07 80 Page Giant G37 Batman 193
 * 1967-08 80 Page Giant G38 Jimmy Olsen 104
 * 1967-09 80 Page Giant G39 Lois Lane 77
 * 1967-10 80 Page Giant G40 World's Finest 170
 * 1967-11 80 Page Giant G41 Justice League of America 58
 * 1967-12 80 Page Giant G42 Superman 202
 * 1968-01 80 Page Giant G43 Batman 198
 * 1968-02 80 Page Giant G44 Our Army at War 190
 * 1968-03 80 Page Giant G45 Action Comics 360
 * 1968-04 80 Page Giant G46 Flash 178
 * 1968-05 80 Page Giant G47 Superboy 147
 * 1968-06 80 Page Giant G48 Superman 207
 * 1968-07 80 Page Giant G49 Batman 203
 * 1968-08 80 Page Giant G50 Jimmy Olsen 113
 * 1968-09 80 Page Giant G51 Lois Lane 86
 * 1968-10 80 Page Giant G52 World's Finest 179
 * 1969-11 80 Page Giant G53 Justice League of America 67
 * 1968-12 80 Page Giant G54 Superman 212
 * 1969-01 80 Page Giant G55 Batman 208
 * 1969-02 80 Page Giant G56 Our Army at War 203
 * 1969-03 DC Giant G57 Action Comics 373
 * 1969-04 DC Giant G58 Flash 187
 * 1969-05 DC Giant G59 Superboy 156
 * 1969-06 DC Giant G60 Superman 217
 * 1969-07 DC Giant G61 Batman 213
 * 1969-08 DC Giant G62 Jimmy Olsen 122
 * 1969-09 DC Giant G63 Lois Lane 095
 * 1969-10 DC Giant G64 World's Finest 188
 * 1969-11 DC Giant G65 Justice League of America 76
 * 1969-12 DC Giant G66 Superman 222
 * 1970-01 DC Giant G67 Batman 218
 * 1970-02 DC Giant G68 Our Army at War 216
 * 1970-03 DC Giant G69 Adventure 390
 * 1970-04 DC Giant G70 Flash 196
 * 1970-05 DC Giant G71 Superboy 165
 * 1970-06 DC Giant G72 Superman 227
 * 1970-07 DC Giant G73 Batman 223
 * 1970-08 DC Giant G74 Jimmy Olsen 131
 * 1970-09 DC Giant G75 Lois Lane 104
 * 1970-10 DC Giant G76 World's Finest 197
 * 1970-11 DC Giant G77 Justice League of America 85
 * 1970-12 DC Giant G78 Superman 232
 * 1971-01 DC Giant G79 Batman 228
 * 1971-02 DC Giant G80 Our Army at War 229
 * 1971-03 DC Giant G81 Adventure Comics 403
 * 1971-04 DC Giant G82 Flash 205
 * 1971-05 DC Giant G83 Superboy 174
 * 1971-06 DC Giant G84 Superman 239
 * 1971-07 DC Giant G85 Batman 233
 * 1971-08 DC Giant G86 Jimmy Olsen 140
 * 1971-09 DC Giant G87 Lois Lane 113
 * 1971-10 DC Giant G88 World's Finest 206
 * 1971-10 DC Giant G89 Justice League of America 93

Annuals
The following "Giant" issues were the forerunners of the 80 Page Giants (80 Page Giant G01 was originally advertised in DC titles as Superman Annual 09):
 * 1960 - Superman v1 - Annual 01
 * 1960 - Superman v1 - Annual 02
 * 1961 - Secret Origins v1 - Annual
 * 1961 - Superman v1 - Annual 03
 * 1961 - Batman v1 - Annual 01
 * 1961 - Superman v1 - Annual 04
 * 1961 - Batman v1 - Annual 02
 * 1962 - Lois Lane v1 - Annual 01
 * 1962 - Superman v1 - Annual 05
 * 1962 - Batman v1 - Annual 03
 * 1962 - Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer v1 - Annual
 * 1962 - Batman v1 - Annual 04
 * 1962 - Superman v1 - Annual 06
 * 1963 - Batman v1 - Annual 05
 * 1963 - Lois Lane v1 - Annual 02
 * 1963 - Superman v1 - Annual 07
 * 1963 - Flash v1 - Annual
 * 1963 - Batman v1 - Annual 06
 * 1963 - Superman v1 - Annual 08
 * 1964 - Sgt. Rock's Prize Battle Tales - Annual
 * 1964 - Superboy v1 - Annual
 * 1964 - Batman v1 - Annual 07

The new 80-Page Giant (1998–2003)
DC published a number of 80 Page Giant specials within various current series. These began numbering with #1 within each series.

The following is a partial list of issues, sorted by title:
 * 1998-10 - Adventure Comics 80 Page Giant 01
 * 1999-09 - All Star Comics 80 Page Giant 01 (JSA)
 * 1998-08 - Batman 80 Page Giant 01
 * 1998-10 - Batman 80 Page Giant 02
 * 2000-07 - Batman 80 Page Giant 03
 * 1998-08 - Flash 80 Page Giant 01
 * 1999-04 - Flash 80 Page Giant 02
 * 1998-12 - Green Lantern v3 80 Page Giant 01
 * 1999-06 - Green Lantern v3 80 Page Giant 02
 * 2000-08 - Green Lantern v3 80 Page Giant 03
 * 1998-07 - JLA 80 Page Giant 01 - The Green Bullet-Revelations
 * 1999-11 - JLA 80 Page Giant 02
 * 2000-10 - JLA 80 Page Giant 03 - The Century War #1-3
 * 2000-01 - Legends of the DC Universe 80 Page Giant 01
 * 1998-09 - Legends of the DC Universe 80 Page Giant 02
 * 2000-12 - Nightwing 80 Page Giant
 * 2003-xx - Plastic Man 80 Page Giant 01
 * 2000-09 - Robin 80 Page Giant 01
 * 2000-07 - Silver Age 80 Page Giant 01
 * 1999-01 - Starman v2 80 Page Giant
 * 1999-xx - Superman 80 Page Giant 01
 * 1999-xx - Superman 80 Page Giant 02
 * 2000-11 - Superman 80 Page Giant 03
 * 2002-xx - Wonder Woman 80 Page Giant
 * 1998-12 - Young Justice Secret Origins 80 Page Giant
 * 1999-05 - Young Justice 80 Page Giant 01
 * 1999-08 - DC One Million 80 Page Giant

title: 80-Page Giant


text:
Talk:List of ministers of the interior (Denmark)

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text: User talk:71.111.32.206

title: User talk:71.111.32.206


text:
Where the Heart Is (1990 film)

Where the Heart Is is a 1990 American romantic comedy film co-written and directed by John Boorman and starring Dabney Coleman, Uma Thurman, Joanna Cassidy, Crispin Glover, Suzy Amis, and Christopher Plummer.

Plot
Stewart McBain is a successful self-made demolitions expert who blows up buildings for a living. In the midst of one such project, a group of protesters stops the last building on a lot, the Dutch House, from being demolished. When McBain appears on TV to dismiss the protests, he is made to look foolish. Returning home, his three college-aged children–Daphne, Chloe, and Jimmy–ridicule him for his television appearance.

Feeling his children are spoiled, McBain kicks them out of the house. Giving them each $750, he drops them off at the Dutch House, which is dilapidated and on the verge of collapse. Jean, their mother, tries to stop him but in vain.

In order to finance their new lives, the children take on housemates. These include a fashion designer named Lionel; a homeless magician, Shitty; a stockbroker, Tom; and Sheryl, an amateur occultist. Chloe is commissioned to finish a calendar for an insurance company. Lionel has to complete his designs for a fashion show. Chloe uses her roommates to model in the calendar, incorporating their bodies into ethereal murals on their walls, and Lionel ends up using some of them for his show.

A stockmarket crash where Tom is chiefly responsible for Mr McBain's stock plummeting, brings McBain to ruin. Desperately attempting to stave off a hostile takeover of his demolition company, he fails. Jean shows up at the Dutch House hysterical as he loses their home and they become destitute.

Mr McBain disappears into the city, feeling down and out. Sleeping in the homeless cardboard box shanty town, scavenging the next day in the dump. Ultimately, his children take him in after Sheryl finds him, and he starts to see the world in a new light.

Evicted from Dutch House after they've all helped Lionel with his dresses and Chloe with her calendar, the homeless shelter turns the McBains and friends away. Jimmy has an epiphany, as there is a bad thunderstorm and the Dutch House is structurally unsound, to use his father's demolishion skills.

The family recovers their properties and wealth, and have learned how to live more simply.

Cast

 * Dabney Coleman as Stewart McBain
 * Joanna Cassidy as Jean McBain
 * Suzy Amis as Chloe McBain
 * Uma Thurman as Daphne McBain
 * David Hewlett as Jimmy McBain
 * Crispin Glover as Lionel
 * Christopher Plummer as "Shitty"
 * Maury Chaykin as Harry
 * Dylan Walsh as Tom
 * Sheila Kelley as Sheryl
 * Ken Pogue as Hamilton

Reception
Where the Heart Is was poorly received by critics. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a score of 9% based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 3.8/10. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote, "[The film] is essentially a fable set in the wrong city. Its story doesn't fit in New York or seem correctly placed in 1990; it's not quick-witted or street-smart enough."

title: Where the Heart Is (1990 film)


text:
Neil Williams (cricketer)

Neil Fitzgerald Williams (2 July 1962 – 27 March 2006) was an England cricketer, who played first-class cricket for both Middlesex and Essex. In a first-class career spanning over seventeen years, he took 675 wickets and scored 4,457 runs.

Life and career
Williams was born in St Vincent and emigrated to Britain when he was 13. He joined Middlesex after a season-and-a-half as an MCC Young Professional during which time he had been playing for Hornsey. A deeply religious man, when he first arrived at Lord's, he refused to play on Sundays. He made his county debut in 1982. A brisk bowler with good accuracy and late away-swing, he was a key part of four County Championship-winning sides (1982, 1985, 1990, 1993). He also picked up winners' medals in the 1983 Benson & Hedges Cup and the 1992 Sunday League. In 1995, following a successful benefit, he moved to Essex where he played until 1998. He also played three seasons for Windward Islands and one season with Tasmania in 1983–84. He was part of an "English Counties XI" tour of Zimbabwe in 1984–5, impressing in one fixture against Zimbabwe, in which he took 7 for 55 in the first innings and 10 for 119 in the match (his victims including a young Graeme Hick).

His Test call-up for the last Test of 1990 against India at The Oval came when Chris Lewis withdrew with a migraine. Williams took 2 for 148 (the victims were Sachin Tendulkar and Mohammad Azharuddin) as India racked up a huge score. On the second evening of the match, after Michael Atherton was out cheaply, he was sent out as a nightwatchman, a successful move as he scored 38. However, with England forced to follow on and their batters batting out time to secure a draw, Williams had no further chance to contribute to the game and was never called up by England again. Ironically this meant that he ended his test career with a better batting average than would Atherton (who went onto play 115 Tests for England), as well as a better bowling average, and as many Test wickets.

Mike Brearley, his first captain at Middlesex, said he was a "modest, unassuming person who always did his absolute best for the team," while Christopher Martin-Jenkins described him as a "courteous, friendly man brought up to believe in the precious traditions of fair play". Former team-mate Angus Fraser - who played alongside Williams at Middlesex and in his only test match - said that he was "a very talented bowler who, in another era and had he not picked up so many injuries, may have played for England a few more times."

After retiring he took up coaching and was the coach of St Vincent's Academy for Kids at the time of his death. He died of pneumonia, in St Vincent, three weeks after suffering a stroke. He was 43 years old.

title: Neil Williams (cricketer)