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Republican Party of Virginia

The Republican Party of Virginia (RPV) is the Virginia chapter of the Republican Party. It is based at the Richard D. Obenshain Center in Richmond. As of May 2024, it controls all three statewide elected offices and 5 out of 11 U.S. House seats.

Antebellum
Five Virginians (George Rye, John H. Atkinson, James Farley, Joseph Farley, and Mr. Ashley) attended the first national organizing convention of the Republican Party in Pittsburgh. John Curtiss Underwood, Rye, and H. Carpenter were the state's delegates to the 1856 Republican National Convention. They wanted to cast forty-five votes, three per congressional district and six at-large, but the convention only allotted them nine votes. They refused to vote in protest on both ballots. The delegation initially supported David Wilmot for the vice-presidential nomination, but later supported William L. Dayton.

Underwood formed the party's newspaper in Wheeling, the first in any of the border states using financial aid from William H. Seward. Underwood also received backing from Horace Greeley and Eli Thayer to form a colony for northern workers in Ceredo.

The first state convention was held on September 18, 1856, while Underwood was in another state due to threats of violence. William E. Stevenson, a future governor of West Virginia, was indicted for distributing an anti-slavery pamphlet. John C. Frémont received 291 votes in the state with 280 from the northwest.

Republicans, such as Cassius Marcellus Clay and Underwood, viewed John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry as damaging to the party. Almost all of Abraham Lincoln's support in the 1860 election came from around Wheeling. The Republicans supported Francis Harrison Pierpont's unionist Virginia government during the Civil War.

1860s
In June 1865, the Radical Republicans, which included many of the party's founders, held a convention in Alexandria which supported black suffrage. A rival Republican convention opposed to Pierpont was held in May 1866, by former Whigs under the leadership of John Botts, and formed the Union Republican Party. The convention passed resolutions criticizing Pierpont's government, supporting disenfranchising Confederates, and supporting qualified black suffrage. James W. Hunnicutt, who found most of his support among black people and the Union League, also vied for leadership of the party.

Senator Henry Wilson, at the request of Botts, had the Second Reconstruction Act conduct voting by ballot, which Botts believed would increase white support for Republicans. Wilson unsuccessfully attempted to have the act structured to result in Pierpont administering the constitutional convention election rather than the military commander. Hunnicutt's supporters initially controlled the 1868 constitutional convention and called for property confiscations. The Pierpont and Botts factions, and Horace Greeley feared that Hunnicutt's faction would ruin the electoral chances of the party.

Edward McPherson granted printing contracts to Hunnicutt's Richmond New Nation, but Hunnicutt complained that a majority of the contracts were given to the Alexandria Virginia State Journal.

One-third of the delegates to the constitutional convention were black. Underwood, a Radical who was friends with Greeley, was selected as president. Elihu B. Washburne and Schuyler Colfax advocated for the convention to be generous towards the voting rights of former Confederates while Hunnicutt supported disenfranchisement. The constitution written by the convention disfranchised a large number of Confederates and required loyalty oaths for local and state officials. John Schofield opposed the loyalty oath as it would not allow for enough men to fill offices.

Schofield removed Pierpont, who was appealing to the Radicals to aid in his election, from the governorship stating that his term had expired under the current constitution. Schofield sought a moderate and initially offered the position to Alexander Rives, but he declined and Henry H. Wells was appointed instead. Wells received the Republican gubernatorial nomination against other nominees, including Hunnicutt, but the loyalty oath requirement was maintained despite another attempt by Schofield. Schofield and Congress refused to finance the elections. The Radicals supported Wells while the conservatives and moderates supported Gilbert Carlton Walker, who won the election.

Later history
Virginia Republicans were active in fighting for the Union side in the American Civil War and helped lead the formation of the Restored Government of Virginia as well as the secession of what became the state of West Virginia. Republicans Francis Harrison Pierpont and Daniel Polsley were respectively elected the governor and lieutenant governor of the Restored Government, with Pierpont eventually taking power as the de facto governor of Virginia after the previous Democratic governor William Smith was removed from office and arrested. Two more Republicans would hold office for governor, Henry H. Wells and Gilbert Carlton Walker.

Republican fortunes turned downward as the Redeemer movement gathered apace and the Reconstruction era ended. A brief upturn occurred when William Mahone formed the Readjuster Party, a bi-racial populist coalition of Democrats and Republicans which held its height of power from 1870 to 1883. After the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1902, which drafted and promulgated a new constitution which disfranchised almost all African Americans in the commonwealth, the Republican Party ceased to be an effective political party in Virginia.

The party reached its nadir of representation in the General Assembly, reaching handfuls of representation in either chamber and in the U.S. House until after 1964. Historically, from the late 19th into the mid-20th centuries, the 9th and 2nd congressional districts were the friendliest terrain for Republicans in the state (and some of the friendliest in the former Confederacy), encompassing areas which border West Virginia. Virginia Republicans managed to help Herbert Hoover and Charles Curtis win the 1928 election but would only regain their statewide competitiveness after Dwight D. Eisenhower carried the state in 1952. Linwood Holton would be elected in 1969 as the first Republican governor of Virginia in the 20th century, inaugurating an era of competitive elections between the two major parties.

Current elected officials
Republicans are the minority in both the Virginia House of Delegates and Senate, and five of the state's eleven U.S. House seats are held by Republicans. As of 2024, they hold the offices of Governor, Lieutenant Governor and Attorney General.

U.S. Senate

 * None

Both of Virginia's U.S. Senate seats have been held by Democrats since 2009. John Warner was the last Republican to represent Virginia in the U.S. Senate. First elected in 1978, Warner opted to retire instead of seeking a sixth term. Former Governor Jim Gilmore ran as the Republican nominee in the 2008 election and was subsequently defeated by Democratic challenger Mark Warner who has held the seat since.

U.S. House of Representatives
Out of the 11 seats Virginia is apportioned in the U.S. House of Representatives, five are held by Republicans:

Leadership
Kate Obenshain Griffin of Winchester became the party's chairman in 2004. Following Senator George Allen's unsuccessful 2006 reelection bid, Griffin submitted her resignation as Chairman effective November 15, 2006. Her brother, Mark Obenshain, is a State Senator from Harrisonburg in the Virginia General Assembly. Both are the children of the late Richard D. Obenshain.

Ed Gillespie was elected as the new Chairman of the RPV on December 2, 2006. He resigned on June 13, 2007, to become the counselor to President George W. Bush. Mike Thomas served as interim chairman until July 21 when former Lieutenant Governor of Virginia John H. Hager was elected chairman. On April 9, 2007, the RPV named Fred Malek to serve as the Finance Chairman and Lisa Gable to serve as the Finance Committee Co-Chair.

On May 31, 2008, Hager was defeated in his bid for re-election at a statewide GOP convention by a strongly conservative member of the House of Delegates, Jeff Frederick of Prince William County. Frederick, who was then 32 years old, was the fifth party chairman in five years. On April 4, 2009, Frederick was removed from the position by RPV's State Central Committee, in a move backed by most of the senior GOP establishment. Many argued that Frederick's election and later removal was a war within the party between insiders and outsiders, or grassroots versus establishment Republicans. After his removal, Frederick considered seeking the chairman job again at the party's May 2009 convention, but decided against it. Pat Mullins, who was then the chairman of the Louisa County party unit and formerly the chairman of the Fairfax County party unit, was selected on May 2, 2009, to serve in the interim before a special election at state party convention later that month. Mullins won the special election at the May 30, 2009, convention, defeating Bill Stanley, the Franklin County chairman. Mullins was re-elected at the party's June 2012 convention. Mullins announced his retirement on November 5, 2014, a day after the Virginia GOP had a strong showing in the 2014 elections. 10th District Republican Committee chairman John Whitbeck was elected on January 24, 2015, by the party's State Central Committee to serve out the remainder of Mullins's term.

Whitbeck faced a challenge for the chairmanship for the 2016 election at the party's state convention from Vince Haley, who unsuccessfully ran for the Republican nomination for state senate in the 12th state Senate district in 2015. Haley withdrew his candidacy in early 2016, then tried to re-enter before the convention. At the convention, the party nominations committee ruled that Haley did not qualify to seek the office, and Whitbeck was re-elected unopposed to a full four-year term. Whitbeck resigned from his position on July 21, 2018, due to differences with Corey Stewart, the party's nominee for U.S. Senate in that year's race for U.S. Senate. In September 2018, Jack R. Wilson, the party's 4th Congressional District Chairman since 2007 and a lawyer from Chesterfield County, was elected to fill the balance of Whitbeck's term.

The current chairman is former Delegate Rich Anderson, who was elected to a four-year term on August 15, 2020.

Organization and candidate selection
The State Party Plan specifies the organization of the state party and how candidates will be selected. The 79-member State Central Committee sets the policy and plans for the party between larger State Conventions, which gather at least once every four years.

Candidates for elective office can be selected by (1) mass meetings, (2) party canvasses, (3) conventions, or (4) primaries. A mass meeting consists of a meeting where any participants must remain until votes are taken at the end. A party canvass or "firehouse primary" allows participants to arrive anytime during announced polling hours, cast a secret ballot, and then leave. A convention includes a process for selecting delegates, and then only the delegates may vote. Mass meetings, party canvasses and conventions are conducted by party officials and volunteers. Primaries are administered by the State Board of Elections at all established polling places. Because Virginia does not have party registrations, participation in primaries are open to any register voter regardless of party. However, on June 15, 2006, the Plan was amended to redefine a primary:

"Primary" is as defined in and subject to the Election Laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, except to the extent that any provisions of such laws conflict with this Plan, infringe the right to freedom of association, or are otherwise invalid.

At the same time, the Plan was amended to require participants in any of the candidate selection methods to "express in open meeting either orally or in writing as may be required their intent to support all [Republican] nominees for public office in the ensuing election".

The candidate selection process has been criticized as favoring "party insiders" and disfavoring moderate candidates. For example, both Jim Gilmore and the more moderate Thomas M. Davis were seeking the 2008 Republican candidate for U.S. Senate. However, two weeks following the decision that the candidate will be selected at a convention instead of a primary, Davis announced that he would not seek the nomination.

Open primary litigation
Virginia does not provide for voters to register by party. Virginia law requires "open" primaries that are not restricted based on party registration:

All persons qualified to vote... may vote at the primary. No person shall vote for the candidates of more than one party.

In 2004, the Republican Party amended the State Party Plan to attempt to restrict participation in primaries to exclude voters who had voted in a Democratic primary after March 1, 2004, or in the last five years, whichever is more recent. In August 2004, Stephen Martin, an incumbent State Senator, designated that the Republican candidate for his seat in the November 2007 election should be selected by primary. The Republicans then sued the State Board of Elections demanding a closed primary be held, with taxpayer funding of a mechanism to exclude voters who had participated in past Democratic primaries.

The Federal District Court dismissed the suit on standing and ripeness grounds. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit reversed and sent the case back for a trial on its merits. The District Court then ruled that the rule forcing a party to accept the choice of its incumbent office holder of an open primary was unconstitutional. The state could continue to hold open primaries if a party opted for a primary instead of a mass meeting, party canvass, or convention to choose its nominees. On October 1, 2007, the Fourth Circuit affirmed this holding, which largely left Virginia's primary system intact, striking down only the rule allowing an incumbent officeholder to choose an open primary over the objection of his or her party.

The Republican State Central Committee dropped plans to require voters to sign a loyalty oath before voting in the February 2008 Presidential Primary. The party had proposed to require each voter to sign a pledge stating "I, the undersigned, pledge that I intend to support the nominee of the Republican Party for President." However, there was no way to enforce the pledge, and the proposal caused vocal public opposition.

At a March 20, 2014, meeting, John Ferguson defeated Leslie Williams to become Chairman of the Campbell County Republican Committee. Williams unsuccessfully challenged the meeting before the county committee and the Fifth Congressional District Republican Committee. However, the State Central Committee overturned the vote on the grounds that schoolteachers and public employees participated in the meeting and that they must have been Democrats. In response, Ferguson and the other party officials that were elected filed a lawsuit to block a new mass meeting to fill the seats.

Richard D. Obenshain Center
The party headquarters building is named the Richard D. Obenshain Center in memory of Richard D. Obenshain (1936–1978), the State Party Chairman who beginning in 1972, helped lead the party's renaissance in Virginia following 95 years of virtual control by the State's Democratic Party.

In 1978, "Dick" Obenshain had won the party's nomination to run for the U.S. Senate to replace retiring Senator William Scott when the 42-year-old candidate and two others were killed in an airplane crash of a twin-engine aircraft on August 2, 1978, while attempting a night landing at the Chesterfield County Airport. They had been returning to Richmond from a campaign appearance.

List of Chairs

 * William Henry Harrison Stowell (1872–1873)
 * William Lamb (1895–1897)
 * C. Bascom Slemp (1905–1918)
 * Joseph L. Crupper (1918–1928)
 * Robert H. Angell (1928–1933)
 * H. B. McCormac (1933–1936)
 * Clarence R. Ahalt (1937–1944)
 * I. R. Dovell (1944–1947)
 * Robert H. Woods (1947–1952)
 * S. Floyd Landreth (1952–1956)
 * Irwin Lee Potter (1956–1962)
 * Horace E. Henderson (1962–1964)
 * Robert J. Corber (1964–1968)
 * Samuel E. Carpenter (1968–1970)
 * Warren B. French (1970–1972)
 * Richard D. Obenshain (1972–1978)
 * Randy Forbes (1996–2001)
 * Gary R. Thomson (2001–2003)
 * Kate Obenshain (2003–2006)
 * Ed Gillespie (2006–2007)
 * John H. Hager (2007–2008)
 * Jeff Frederick (2008–2009)
 * Pat Mullins (2009–2015)
 * John Whitbeck (2015–2018)
 * Jack Wilson (2018–2020)
 * Rich Anderson (2020–present)

2016 elections
Over one million voters participated in the 2016 Virginia Republican presidential primary. Donald Trump placed first with 35% of the vote, followed by Marco Rubio (32%), Ted Cruz (17%), John Kasich (10%), and Ben Carson (6%). The party held its quadrennial convention in Roanoke and elected 13 at-large delegates to the Republican National Convention, 10 of which pledged to support Ted Cruz in the event of a contested convention. In the general election, Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton defeated Donald Trump 50% to 45%.

In the 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia, the Republicans lost one seat but maintained a 7–4 majority in their representative delegation.

2017 elections
In 2017, the party nominated Ed Gillespie for governor, Jill Vogel for lieutenant governor, and John Adams for attorney general via an open primary. All three lost to their Democratic opponents. Gillespie lost to Ralph Northam by a margin of 8.93%.

The Republican Party lost 15 seats in the 2017 Virginia House of Delegates election. This resulted in the Republicans going from a 66–34 majority to a 51–49 majority in the Virginia House of Delegates.

2018 elections
In 2018, incumbent Democratic senator Tim Kaine defeated Republican Corey Stewart by a margin of 16% in the 2018 United States Senate election in Virginia. The party also lost three seats in the House of Representatives elections, giving Democrats a 7–4 majority.

2019 elections
In 2019, the party lost their majorities in the House of Delegates and State Senate. Democrats gained two seats in the 2019 Virginia Senate election, giving them a 21–19 majority. Democrats gained six seats in the 2019 Virginia House of Delegates election, giving them a 55–45 majority.

2020 elections
In 2020, Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden defeated incumbent President Donald Trump by 10.11%. Both parties maintained their seats in the 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia. Incumbent Democratic senator Mark Warner defeated Republican challenger Daniel Gade by 12.1% in the 2020 United States Senate election in Virginia.

2021 elections
In 2021, Republican nominee Glenn Youngkin defeated former governor Terry McAuliffe by a 51%–48.5% margin. The GOP nominees for Lieutenant Governor, Winsome Sears, and Attorney General, Jason Miyares, also won their respective races. This was the first time Republicans won a statewide election in the Commonwealth since 2009. The party gained seven seats in the House of Delegates to have a majority of 52–48, with Todd Gilbert as the new Speaker of the House. These races were seen as a crucial bellwether for the 2022 midterms, as they took place during a period of low approval for President Joe Biden.

2023 elections
In 2023, the party lost their majority again in the House of Delegates and failed to win a majority in the State Senate, rendering Governor Youngkin's abilities to pass a more conservative agenda.

Controversies surrounding the 2020 presidential election
Prior to the January 6 joint session of the United States Congress to certify Joe Biden's win, Republican Delegates Dave LaRock (Loudon), Mark Cole (Fauquier), and Ronnie Campbell (R-Lexington) sent a letter to Vice President Mike Pence urging him to nullify Virginia's electoral results. Democratic Speaker of the House Elieen Filler-Corn punished the members by stripping them of their committee assignments.

Republican 2021 candidate for Governor Sen. Amanda Chase attended the rally prior to the January 6 storming of the United States Capitol. After the riot that left one person dead, party chairman Rich Anderson said in a statement "I and Virginia Republicans across our great Commonwealth condemn these despicable acts without reservation or hesitation. "

Democratic Party of Virginia Chairwoman Susan Swecker quickly condemned the Republican officials, saying "The Republican Party has made their disdain for democracy clear, and every elected GOP official has been complicit. "

Method of nomination for 2021 elections
In December 2020, the State Central Committee voted to choose its candidates for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Attorney General by convention, not by a primary. Candidate Sen. Amanda Chase threatened to run as an independent, but quickly backtracked and said she would reluctantly participate in a convention. The State Central Committee has held several meetings to reconsider the decision to hold a convention.

"Ghetto" statements
At a January 2021 State Central Committee meeting, Party Chairman Rich Anderson called the Party Headquarters in Richmond a "literal ghetto. Democrats and other Republicans criticized him for the choice of words, while he defended himself by pointing out that “ghetto has nothing to do with race” and that he had only been referring to the building, not the neighborhood. "

title: Republican Party of Virginia


text:
PocketBell

Philippine Wireless Inc., doing business as PocketBell, was a telecommunications company which was the first to introduce pagers in the Philippines.

History
Philippine Wireless Inc. introduced PocketBell in the 1970s, becoming the first company to make pagers commercially available in the Philippines. From the 1970s until the mid-1980s, it virtually maintained a monopoly in the pager industry in the country. After the 1986 People Power Revolution which deposed President Ferdinand Marcos and installed Corazon Aquino as the new head of state, certain sectors of the Philippine economy was liberalized including telecommunications which allowed the entry of new companies in the pager industry. As much as 10 companies competed with Philippine Wireless at the peak of the pager industry in the country.

A shareholder dispute within the Philippine Wireless in the 1990s which ended to the Santiago family gaining control of the company but this allowed PocketBell's competitors to break its monopoly. In the 1990s, PocketBell's main competitor was EasyCall. Another competing company called Digipage also entered the market in 1991. Philippine Wireless along with EasyCall claim that they own 50 percent of the market share in the Philippine pager industry.

The introduction of mobile phones with short message service (SMS) functionality in the late 1990s and the 1997 Asian financial crisis caused Philippine Wireless' to end its pager services. They planned to introduce two-way paging as a response to the introduction of SMS but failed to do so.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: PocketBell


text:
Naseeruddin Shah

Naseeruddin Shah (born 20 July 1950) is an Indian actor. He was notable in Indian parallel cinema and has starred in various international productions. He has won numerous awards in his career, including three National Film Awards, three Filmfare Awards and the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri and the Padma Bhushan awards for his contributions to Indian cinema.

In 1982, he married his second wife, actress Ratna Pathak, daughter of actress Dina Pathak, with whom he has two sons. His sister-in-law is actress Supriya Pathak, who is married to actor Pankaj Kapur.

Early life
Naseeruddin Shah was born on 20 July 1950 in Barabanki town, Uttar Pradesh, into a Nawab family. His great-great-grandfather was the Afghan warlord Jan-Fishan Khan, who would go on to become the Nawab of Sardhana. His relatives include Ikbal Ali Shah, Amina Shah, Omar Ali-Shah and Idries Shah.

Shah attended St. Anselm's Ajmer school and St Joseph's College, Nainital. He graduated in arts from Aligarh Muslim University in 1971 and attended National School of Drama in Delhi.

His elder brother, Lt. General Zameerud-din Shah (Retd.) PVSM, SM, VSM, had a distinguished career in the military, having served as Deputy Chief of the Army Staff of the Indian Army, and later was appointed a member of the Armed Forces Tribunal and also Vice-Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University.

Career
Shah has acted in films such as Nishant, Aakrosh, Sparsh, Mirch Masala, Albert Pinto Ko Gussa Kyon Ata Hai, Trikal, Bhavni Bhavai, Junoon, Mandi, Mohan Joshi Hazir Ho!, Ardh Satya, Katha, and Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro. He made his debut with a small role in film Aman (1967) starring Rajendra Kumar and Saira Banu.

Shah became active in mainstream Bollywood cinema with the 1980 film Hum Paanch. In 1982, he acted in the film Dil Aakhir Dil Hai directed by Ismail Shroff, opposite Rakhee. One of his most important films, Masoom, was released in 1983 and was shot at St Joseph's College, Nainital. His next major success in mainstream films was the 1986 multi-star film Karma where he acted alongside veteran Dilip Kumar. Starring roles for films such as Ijaazat (1987), Jalwa (1988) and Hero Hiralal (1989) followed. In 1988, he played opposite his wife Ratna Pathak as Inspector Ghote, the fictional detective of H. R. F. Keating's novels in the Merchant Ivory English language film The Perfect Murder. He acted with Aditya Pancholi in films like Maalamaal (1988) and Game (1993).

He has acted in several multi-star Bollywood films as well, such as Ghulami (1985), Tridev (1989) and Vishwatma (1992). In 1994, he acted as the villain in Mohra, his 100th film as an actor. He forayed into Malayalam cinema the same year, through T. V. Chandran's drama Ponthan Mada. The film portrayed the irrational bonding of a feudal serf (played by Mammootty) and a colonial landlord (played by Shah). He strongly believed that the distinction between art and commercial films had largely reduced, especially with the directors of the former also making commercial films. In 2000, Shah played Mahatma Gandhi in Kamal Haasan's Hey Ram which focused on the assassination of Gandhi from the assailant's point of view.

Shah played Mohit, the drunken coach to a deaf and mute boy in Iqbal. Shah was noted for his roles in the 1999 Aamir Khan-starrer Sarfarosh, where he played Gulfam Hassan – a ghazal singer-cum-terrorist mastermind — and in Neeraj Pandey's A Wednesday (2008).

Shah has also starred in international projects, such as Monsoon Wedding in 2001 and a Hollywood adaptation of The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen in 2003 (co-starring Sean Connery), where he played Captain Nemo. His portrayal of Nemo was very close to the design of the graphic novel, although his Nemo was far less manic. He worked in Vishal Bhardwaj's Indian adaptation of Shakespeare's Macbeth, titled Maqbool, in 2003, and Rajiv Rai's Asambhav opposite Arjun Rampal and Priyanka Chopra in 2004. He then went on to work in The Great New Wonderful (2005). Shah played a pivotal role in Today's Special, Aasif Mandvi's 2009 independent comedy film. In 2011, Shah was seen in The Dirty Picture. He acted in Anup Kurian's The Blueberry Hunt, playing a recluse growing marijuana in his forest retreat, and in Waiting, starring opposite Kalki Koechlin, both of which were released in 2016.

Shah made his Pakistani film debut in Khuda Ke Liye by Shoaib Mansoor, where he played a short cameo. His second Pakistani film Zinda Bhaag was selected as the country's official entry to the 86th Academy Awards for the Best Foreign Language Film award.

As a director
Shah has performed with his theatre troupe at places such as New Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore and Lahore. He has directed plays written by Lavender Kumar, Ismat Chughtai and Saadat Hasan Manto.

His directorial debut in movies, Yun Hota To Kya Hota, was released in 2006. It stars several established actors such as Konkona Sen Sharma, Paresh Rawal, Irrfan Khan, then-newcomer Ayesha Takia, his son Imaad Shah and his old friend Ravi Baswani.

Other media and art forms
In 1977, Shah, Tom Alter and Benjamin Gilani formed a theatre group called Motley Productions. Their first play was Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot, which was staged at the Prithvi Theatre on 29 July 1979.

In 1988, he acted in the eponymous television series based on the life and times of Mirza Ghalib, directed by Gulzar and telecast on DD National.

In 1989, he acted as the Maratha King Shivaji in another eponymous television series Bharat Ek Khoj based on Jawaharlal Nehru's book The Discovery of India.

In mid 1990s, Shah also hosted some episodes of science magazine programme Turning Point.

In 1999, he acted as a special agent in the TV series Tarkash on Zee TV. He played a retired agent haunted by nightmares who is re-inducted as he apparently knows something about a dreaded terrorist somehow connected with his past. He played the villain with the dual identity of a ghazal singer and a Pakistani spy who supports terrorism in India in Sarfarosh (1999). He was the first of several celebrity actors, who played narrator in the popular audiobook series for kids Karadi Tales. He along with wife Ratna was the narrator in the film Paheli — the Indian entry to the 2006 Academy Awards.

In 2017, Shah returned to film, starring in Shakespearean adaption The Hungry, screened under special presentations at the Toronto International Film Festival 2017. He also acted as lead in The Coffin Maker directed by Veena Bakshi, which however never got released in public but only remained for private viewership.

Personal life

Shah was married to Manara Sikri and had a daughter, Heeba, with her. In the 1970s, Shah met and fell in love with Ratna Pathak, the daughter of Dina Pathak, a well-respected character actress. During the 70s and 80s they co-starred in several films, including Mirch Masala and The Perfect Murder. They were in a live-in relationship for many years, while Shah put together the mehr required to divorce Manara. Shah and Pathak were finally married in 1982. Manara died the same year due to undisclosed reasons. By his second marriage, Shah has two sons, Imaad and Vivaan, both of whom are actors. The couple lives in Mumbai with Heeba, Imaad and Vivaan.

Civilian Awards

 * 1987 — Padma Shri — India's fourth highest civilian award.
 * 2003 — Padma Bhushan — India's third highest civilian award.

Other awards

 * 2000: Won: Sangeet Natak Akademi Award

Autobiography
In an interview with HT Brunch, Shah speaks about having thought about an autobiography for almost 10 years. He penned down his thoughts occasionally during this period until he finally came up with 100-odd pages. What had started as an amusing pastime had clearly grown into something much deeper. He then presented the unfinished version to his friend, historian Ramchandra Guha, who encouraged Shah to complete it and send it to a publication house. Shah's memoir is titled And Then One Day, and was published by Hamish Hamilton.

title: Naseeruddin Shah


text:
Yasuhiro Takemoto

Yasuhiro Takemoto (武本 康弘) was a Japanese animator and television and film director. He worked at Kyoto Animation for almost his entire animation career after joining the company in 1996 until his death in 2019.

Career
After graduating, he entered at the Yoyogi Animation Institute, a specialized animation academy located in Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo. Upon graduation, he joined the animation studio Kyoto Animation, where he became a director.

His first major job as a director came in 2003 with Full Metal Panic? Fumoffu. Two years later, he directed his sequel: The Second Raid. In 2007, Takemoto replaced Lucky Star director Yutaka Yamamoto after his dismissal. He led The Melancholy of Haruhi-chan Suzumiya and Nyorōn Churuya-san original net animation series, and was co-director with Tatsuya Ishihara of the second season of The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya, broadcast in 2009, as well as the film The Disappearance of Haruhi Suzumiya.

In 2012, he was in charge of directing Hyouka, based on a series of mystery novels by Honobu Yonezawa. In the series collaborated as screenwriter was Shoji Gatoh, author of Full Metal Panic!. Two years later, in 2014, Takemoto was commissioned to direct another series of Gatoh novels, Amagi Brilliant Park.

Takemoto had great knowledge of classical music. His usage of Shostakovich's 7th symphony in episode 12 ("The Day of Sagittarius") of The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya and the choice of Erik Satie's pieces for the film The Disappearance of Haruhi Suzumiya were his ideas.

Death
Four days after the Kyoto Animation arson attack on July 18, 2019, Takemoto was declared missing by his father, who stated "he was untraceable". His death was later confirmed by his relatives and authorities.

Director

 * Amagi Brilliant Park: Director, Episode Director (ep 3, 7)
 * High Speed! Free! Starting Days: Director, Storyboard
 * Full Metal Panic? Fumoffu: Director, Screenplay (ep 5), Storyboard (ep 1, 9, 12), Episode Director (ep 12)
 * Full Metal Panic! The Second Raid: Director
 * Hyouka: Director, Script (ep 11.5), Storyboard (OP, ED 1, ED 2, ep 1–2, 22), Episode Director (ep 1, 22)
 * Lucky Star: Director (ep 5 onwards)
 * Miss Kobayashi's Dragon Maid: Director, Script (ep 3, 7, 9), Storyboard (OP, ED, ep 1–3, 13)
 * Nyorōn Churuya-san: Director
 * Nurse Witch Komugi: Director (ep 1-2), Storyboard (ep 1-2), Episode Director (ep 1-2)
 * The Disappearance of Haruhi Suzumiya: Director, Storyboard, Key Animation; Chief direction by Tatsuya Ishihara)
 * The Melancholy of Haruhi-chan Suzumiya: Director

Other

 * Air: Storyboard (ep 3, 6), Episode Director (ep 3), Key Animation (OP, ep 3)
 * Beyond the Boundary: Storyboard (ep 2, 4, 10), Episode Director (ep 2, 4, 10)
 * Beyond the Boundary -I'll Be Here- Future: Key Animation
 * Clannad: Storyboard (ep 10, 16, 22), Episode Director (ep 10, 16, 22), Key Animation (ep 10, 22)
 * Clannad After Story: Storyboard (ep 5, 24), Episode Director (ep 24)
 * Haré+Guu: Storyboard (ep 14, 24), Episode Director (ep 14, 24)
 * K-On!: Key Animation (ep 10)
 * K-On!!: Storyboard (ep 9, 23, 27), Episode Director (ep 27)
 * Master of Mosquiton: Key Animation
 * Nichijou: Storyboard (ep 8, 16, 22, 25), Episode Director (ep 8, 16, 22, 25), Key Animation (ep 2, 8)
 * Sound! Euphonium: Storyboard (ep 7), Episode Director (ep 7), Key Animation (OP, ep 7)
 * Sound! Euphonium 2: Storyboard (ep 2)
 * Sound! Euphonium: The Movie – May the Melody Reach You!: Storyboard
 * Tenchi the Movie: Tenchi Muyo in Love: Key Animation
 * Tenchi Universe: Key Animation (ep 23)
 * The Family's Defensive Alliance: Episode Director (ep 6)
 * The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya: Storyboard (ep 11), Episode Director (ep 11)
 * The SoulTaker: Storyboard (ep 3, 6), Episode Director (ep 3, 6)
 * Violet Evergarden: Storyboard (ep 4, 9), Episode Director (ep 9)

title: Yasuhiro Takemoto


text:
Eberhard Werdin

Eberhard Werdin (19 October 1911 in Spenge – 25 May 1991 in Weilheim in Oberbayern) was a German composer and writer on music.

He studied in Hanover, Bielefeld and Cologne, and then became a schoolteacher. From 1955 to 1969 he was a lecturer at the conservatory in Düsseldorf, and in 1952 he became a professor at the Municipal Music School in Leverkusen.

Werdin wrote music for the stage, works for school orchestras as well as professional orchestras, choral music and chamber music, including a large number of works for brass instruments. He also wrote on aspects of musical education.

Compositions: Concertino Fur Flöte, Gitarre und Streichorchester (1969)

title: Eberhard Werdin


text:
Centre for International Intellectual Property Studies

The Centre for International Intellectual Property Studies, or Centre d'Études Internationales de la Propriété Intellectuelle (CEIPI) in French (formerly the "Centre for International Industrial Property Studies", or "Centre d'Études Internationales de la Propriété Industrielle" in French), is a Strasbourg, France-based training centre for specialists in intellectual property law. It was founded in 1963, as part of the University of Strasbourg by Professors Daniel Bastian (law) and Hubert Forestier (chemistry).

The centre is organized in three sections: the French section, the international section, and the research section. The CEIPI is member of the European Intellectual Property Institutes Network (EIPIN). The former General Directors of the CEIPI were Professor Yves Reboul, followed by Christophe Geiger. The current General Directors of the CEIPI is Yann Basire.


text:
Talk:Naseeruddin Shah

Copy Vio
Hi, before I created the main page of this article, I noticed that there was a long delete history of 29 edits for copyright violation from 1 (Also see WP:CP). It is sad that so many people (including myself) work for so long in good faith on a pre-existing article only to find that it is copyvio and is hence deleted. Kindly ensure that all comments made are verifiable, NPOV and cited. Most importantly, please keep off copyright violations. Thanks...Gurubrahma 10:55, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

DYK Blurb

 * ...that Naseeruddin Shah could not bag the title role in Gandhi, but later got opportunities to portray the Mahatma in a play and in a film? --Gurubrahma 20:58, 11 October 2005 (UTC) (self-nom)
 * ...the above was featured on Did You Know? on the Main Page on 12 October, 2005? --Gurubrahma 12:26, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

DVD cover
Using the Image:Mirza Ghalib dvdcover.jpg to illustrate a biography article is not allowed under fair use criteria. The image can be used only to illustrate the DVD in question, not the person who starred in the movie. --Ragib 19:28, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

Movie List
He also did Sazaye Maut in 1981. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 115.185.42.38 (talk) 09:46, 20 April 2014 (UTC)

Shubham
I don't know if he also started in Shubham. Is this correct?

Basically in this movie (and old movie), he plays a doctor. He gets married for the second time, but the new bride decides to comit suicide as she was forceably married to the doctor (as she was in love with someone else - an aspiring music director).

The doctor (played by Naseeruddin Shah) makes a deal with his new bride, that he will re-unite her with her lover and set her free, so long as she plays 'wife' for a few more days to until the doctor's mother passes away.... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.146.227.134 (talk) 13:28, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

Zaheeruddin Shah
Can anyone please confirm that naseeruddin shah has brother by name zaheeruddin shah who was in the indian amrmy ,since there was one person whom i know since he was my father's collegue in madura coats during the year 1992 his name was zaheer shah and was naseeruddin shah's brother so kindly confirm please your source —Preceding unsigned comment added by 164.164.86.22 (talk) 20:34, 16 December 2008 (UTC)

Hi sir Njik (talk) 06:08, 27 October 2016 (UTC)

Thabbaliyu neenaade magane.
Shah has enacted a very very good role in Kannada film "THABBALIYU NEENADE MAGANE" Directed by GirishKarnad, based on the reknowned novel of same title by SL Bhairappa. His portrayal of Brahmani shaastrhi (priest of a temple) is very nice and quite natural with stunning clarity in Kannada language and locale.

Some one add this info with citations if possible :) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.247.216.74 (talk) 10:18, 4 April 2010 (UTC) It seems rather confusing and contradictory for me to read that Naseerudin Shah is a descendant of an Afghan warlord named Jan Fishan Khan and his surname is Shah which is indicative of his Syed descent i.e. Arab and from the Prophet's (PBUH). Khan is an indication of Pashtun or Mughal affiliation and I have read in many sources that Idries Shah claimed to be a descendant of Bukhari Syeds as did Syed Kamal Shah the late Pakistani film star. Please can someone shed light on this. Moarrikh  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Moarrikh (talk • contribs) 03:13, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

Suggest to include more images in the article
I suggest to include more images in the article. --Tito Dutta (Talk) 06:40, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

Manara Sikri (his ex-wife)
...was not widowed. Naseeruddin Shah was, when she passed away. Please update that error in the profile box on the right hand corner of the screen and replace the word "(widowed)" with "(deceased)". UnconsciousInferno (talk) 12:09, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
 * It seems you have updated. Isn't it? --Tito Dutta (Send me a message) 12:54, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, I did after I posted this message; figured out where to do it from. UnconsciousInferno (talk) 20:47, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
 * But you did not provide any verification. Do you have any? --Tito Dutta (Send me a message) 02:10, 26 February 2012 (UTC)

Verification? For correcting an incorrect usage or cleaning up a grammatical/linguistic error? UnconsciousInferno (talk) 08:54, 3 March 2012 (UTC)
 * You changed the word widowed to deceased in this edit. It is not a grammatical/linguistic error correction. BTW< the edit was correct as it is mentione here --Tito Dutta (Send me a message) 09:11, 3 March 2012 (UTC)

Name deletion
I have deleted the name Jasir Khan from the article. He's supposedly Naseeruddin Shah's son from his first marriage but I can find no mention of him anywhere on the net (and why would he have "Khan" as his surname anyway?). I have also deleted the reference from Vivaan, Imaad, Heeba, Ratna Pathak and Supriya Pathak's articles. Until and unless someone can provide proof of such a son's existence there's no point allowing what seems like vandalism to remain on the site. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.177.7.236 (talk) 18:52, 10 July 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added tag to http://www.naachgaana.com/.../bbuddah-hoga-terra-baap-audience-feedback-must-watch
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BLP and Copy Editing, NPOV and backing up claims
Allo! I'm a member of both the Copy Editors Guild and the Task force on Indian cinema (part of WikiProject:Film.) noticed this article has some language which is very enthusiastic, possibly fan oriented, and also not sourced. I'm taking a run through here to clean the article up and make it better. Here's what I'm doing:

1. Looking at peacock terms. 2. Rewriting or removing claims that just seem like peacocking, especially if there is no source. Example: "In 2000, his dream of playing Mahatma Gandhi was realised when he played Gandhi in Kamal Hassan's critically acclaimed Hey Ram which focused on the assassination of Gandhi from the assailant's point of view."

How do we know that Shah had a dream of playing Gandhi? We don't, because it hasn't been mentioned before in the text, so this is news. Ok, so where's the source? Oh, there isn't one. So, it may be well intentioned, but honestly this is a living person so it sort of seems like the article is -putting words in his mouth- speaking for Shah, instead of reporting what he has already said.

That is the type of statement that I will look for and cleanup, rewrite & source (if unsourced) or remove if no source can be found. Thanks! Curdigirl (talk) 06:52, 17 May 2019 (UTC)

Nasreddin
I'm sure I read on an earlier version of this article that Naseeruddin Shah was a verified descendant of the famous and near-legendary author Nasreddin (Nasreddin Hodja). Was this a mistaken assertion? Nuttyskin (talk) 16:38, 10 February 2023 (UTC)

Controversies section
@Starkex Please get a consensus for the controversies section. That section as it stands is a serious WP:BLP and WP:CRIT violation — DaxServer (t · m · e · c) 21:23, 11 June 2023 (UTC)

 * @DaxServer, I will defend my instance, Whatever I wrote all verified the following points of WP:BLP:
 * 1. Neutral Point of View, the grammar pose and the text had no bias against the author as it was factual
 * 2. Verifiability, It had over 10+ citations.
 * 3. No Original Research, Already insignificant as the "Comments on Sindhi language" section had the sources that were independent and documented by news channels from both India and Pakistan.
 * Indian news channels used:
 * Hindustan Times
 * Times of India
 * Pakistani news channels used:
 * Geo News
 * Bol News
 * Also Naseeruddin Shah's commentary on Sindhi language also saw great criticism on social media, You would've knew if you were a social person.
 * And speaking of WP:CRIT, I never made criticisms on author rather I carefully summarized into a short paragraph because I knew if I would boast and extend it, it would cause controversies.
 * And you also deleted an entire section of controversies page which was of notability and was present here long before I made edits, this is not something that a WikiPedian does.
 * I hope you understand.  ⭐ Starkex ⭐  📧  ✍ 08:21, 12 June 2023 (UTC)
 * @Starkex Verifiability does not guarantee inclusion. The content needs to have due weight. One way that could be achieved is when reliable sources discuss it outside of breaking-news trend. The press will cover the event because the subject is a celebrity and it is a current event.
 * Adding 10+ citations that do not add anything, except that they are just reporting what happened, is just ref bombing. It has no value. I'd suggest not doing that.
 * WP:CRIT refers to content, not that you are criticising anyone. Having a Controversies section in a BLP article is rather very contentious and require absolutely high-quality sources with established journalistic/scholarship standards.
 * Like I stated in the edit summary, the content under The Kashmir Files is just about what he said and what the director replied. I don't see anything encyclopaedic here. Criticising other actors is again about incidents when he said something. Nothing encyclopaedic. Safety in India is missing a whole lot of context as to why that statement warrants a section for itself. Completely undue. I don't see
 * Wikipedia is not a newspaper neither a tabloid. If you'd like to reinstate any of that content, please bring in high quality sources that discuss/analyse with context, not popular press reporting what-is-what. — DaxServer (t · m · e · c) 14:58, 12 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Naseeruddin Shah


text:
Peterborough Phantoms

The Peterborough Phantoms are a British ice hockey team that play at the Planet Ice Peterborough Arena, in Bretton, Peterborough. The Peterborough Phantoms ice hockey club was founded in 2002. It replaced the former city based team, the Peterborough Pirates, and plays in the same arena. The team currently competes in the semi-professional National Ice Hockey League, the second tier in British ice hockey below the fully professional Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL). They previously played in the English Premier Ice Hockey League (EPIHL).

The team won the English Premier League and Cup Double in its first season (2002–03) and retained the Cup the following year. After four years, they won the 2007–08 Knock-out Cup followed by the 2008–09 season in which the Phantoms won the English Premier League, English Premier Cup and the play-offs. In the 2018–19 season, the Phantoms won the NIHL 1 Autumn Cup, NIHL 1 South Cup and NIHL South Playoff competitions, and also finished as part of the NIHL 1 National Playoff Final Four.

Club history
Ice hockey in Peterborough started in late 1981 when the first ice rink built in the UK since the 1960s was opened in the city. The Peterborough Pirates was then formed in the summer of 1982. The team joined Division One of the three division National League and two seasons later won promotion to the top level of UK ice hockey. Attendance topped the 1,000 mark on a regular basis and the Pirates reached the 1991 championship play-off final at Wembley, appearing live on mainstream TV. The played in the final again in 1992, but then struggled in the increasingly competitive 1990s as new arena based teams arrived.

In 2002, the Peterborough Pirates folded and replaced with the Peterborough Phantoms in the lower division English Premier Ice Hockey League (EPIHL). The Phantoms went on to secure a league and Cup championship in their debut season and retained the Cup the following season. They won the Knockout Cup in season 2007–08, and then won all three major honours in 2008–09.

The Phantoms joined the National Ice Hockey League (NIHL) after the EPIHL folded in 2017.

In 2019, a new ten-team division was approved to sit above the existing Division 1 (North and South). Alongside the Phantoms, the National League contains Basingstoke Bison, Bracknell Bees, Hull Pirates, Leeds Chiefs, MK Lightning, Raiders IHC, Sheffield Steeldogs, Swindon Wildcats and Telford Tigers.

Club honours

 * EPIHL
 * Play-Off Championship winners: 2008–09, 2014–15
 * English Premier Cup winners: 2002–03, 2003–04, 2008–09
 * League winners: 2002–03, 2008–09
 * Knockout Cup winners: 2007–08
 * NIHL
 * Autumn Cup winners: 2018–19
 * South Cup winners: 2018–19
 * South Playoff winners: 2018–19
 * National Cup Winners : 2022–23

Club roster 2022-23
(*) Denotes a Non-British Trained player (Import)

2021/22 outgoing
=== Season-by-season record ===

22/23 head to head
League, Cup & Play Offs - Record (0-0-0)

22/23 statistics
(source: )

Top ten scorers

 * League, Cup & Play Offs; as of 24 August 2022

Top ten assisters

 * League, Cup & Play Offs; as of 24 August 2022

Top ten point scorers

 * League, Cup & Play Offs; as of 24 August 2022

Top ten penalty minute ratios

 * League, cup & playoffs; as of 24 August 2022

title: Peterborough Phantoms


text: Talk:Coyote Ugly (film)

title: Talk:Coyote Ugly (film)


text:
476 Hedwig

Hedwig (minor planet designation: 476 Hedwig) (1901 GQ) is a main-belt asteroid discovered on August 17, 1901, by Luigi Carnera at Heidelberg. Named in honour of the wife of Swedish-Danish astronomer Elis Strömgren.

title: 476 Hedwig


text:
477 Italia

Italia (minor planet designation: 477 Italia) (1901 GR) is a main-belt asteroid that was discovered on 23 August 1901 by Italian astronomer Luigi Carnera at Heidelberg.

Photometric observations of this asteroid collected in 2005 gave a provisional rotation period of 19.4189 hours and a brightness variation of about 0.2 in magnitude.

title: 477 Italia


text:
Anne-Louise Lambert

Anne-Louise Lambert (born 21 August 1955), also credited as Anne Lambert, is an Australian actress. She is best known for her role as Miranda in the 1975 film Picnic at Hanging Rock.

Life and career
Born Anne Louise Lambert in Brisbane, Australia she later moved to Sydney. Under the name Anne Lambert, she first gained recognition on Australian television with roles in three soap operas. In 1973, she played nymphomaniac Sue Marshall in Number 96. The following year, she was an original cast member in a school-based drama, Class of '74, playing student Peggy Richardson.

Director Peter Weir saw her in a television commercial for Fanta playing the fancy Nancy character and felt she was perfect for the lead role in Picnic at Hanging Rock. In 1976, she had a six-month role in adult soap opera The Box as the "sexy and promiscuous" Trish Freeman.

During 1975, she appeared in a recurring sketch in comedy series The Norman Gunston Show called "The Checkout Chicks". This sketch, a send-up of melodramatic soap operas set in a supermarket, mostly featured other former Number 96 actors - Vivienne Garrett, Candy Raymond, Philippa Baker, Judy Lynne, and Abigail.

She adopted the name Anne-Louise Lambert when, on seeking work in the UK, she found that another actress was listed as Anne Lambert. She has worked steadily in film and on stage ever since, including starring roles in the BBC TV series The Borgias (1981), Cousin Phillis (1982) Peter Greenaway's The Draughtsman's Contract (1982), Breathing Under Water (1991), Seeing Red (1992), The Dirtwater Dynasty and Great Expectations – The Untold Story,  A Los Cuatro Vientos (1987),filmed in Spain; and Australian TV miniseries such as Mussolini and I (1985), Fields of Fire 2 (1988), and Tanamera-The Lion of Singapore (1989). Her stage roles include Sweet Bird of Youth co-starring with Lauren Bacall and Colin Friels. She also played the role of Lady Mary Brackenstall in the adaptation of "The Abbey Grange" for The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1986).

She later appeared in Lillian's Story with Toni Collette, and Somersault, which won Best Film at the 2004 Australian Film Institute Awards. She also appeared in the Australian TV series The Alice (2004) and the short drama Photograph (2006), directed by her sister Sarah Lambert, and also the short film Waiting for the Turning of the Earth (2011). Her most recent movie is The Last Babushka Doll (2018).

Lambert resides in the Sydney suburb of Balmain with her son (born 1989) and works as a psychotherapist, counsellor, and coach.

title: Anne-Louise Lambert


text: User talk:80.75.10.226

title: User talk:80.75.10.226


text:
Johannes van Keulen

Johannes van Keulen (1654 in Deventer – 1715 in Amsterdam) was a 17th-century Dutch cartographer. He published the influential nautical atlas the Zee-Atlas and the pilot guide Zee-Fakkel (meaning Sea-Torch in English).

In 1678 Johannes van Keulen established himself in Amsterdam and in 1680 he obtained a patent from the States of Holland and West Friesland allowing him to print and publish maritime atlases and shipping guides. These were books of maps and descriptions of itineraries, used by helmsmen for safe navigation. The patent was a kind of protection against illegal copying of produced books and charts. This was especially important for the atlases which were made with extensive initial costs. Van Keulen named his firm ‘In de Gekroonde Lootsman’ ('In the Crowned Pilot'). Soon Van Keulen struck a deal with cartographer Claes Jansz. Vooght.

From 1681 onwards the Nieuwe Lichtende Zee-Fakkel appeared, a five-volume atlas for which Vooght compiled the maps and which was illustrated by Jan Luyken. The five volume Zee-Fakkel made Johannes van Keulen famous. The Zee-Fakkel was published in 5 volumes between 1681 and 1684 containing over 130 new charts.

Descendants
His son, Gerard van Keulen (1678–1726), continued his work and produced new editions of the various volumes. Grandson Johannes II van Keulen (1704–1755) published a new edition of the volume with maps of Asian waters, first published in 1753. The wife of Johannes II, Catharina Buijs (1714–1781), took over the business when her husband died and assumed his position of official mapmaker for the Amsterdam office of the powerful Dutch East India Company. On her death, her son, Gerard Hulst van Keulen (1733–1801) occupied himself with the last editions of the Zee-Fakkel. The business prospered until 1885 when it was finally liquidated after operating successfully for more than two centuries.

title: Johannes van Keulen


text:
Headwall

In physical geography and geology, the headwall of a glacial cirque is its highest cliff. The term has been more broadly used to describe similar geomorphic features of non-glacial origin consisting of a concave depression with convergent slopes typically of 65 percent or greater forming the upper end of a drainage valley.

In civil engineering, a headwall is a small retaining wall placed at the inlet or outlet of a stormwater pipe or culvert.

In medicine, a headwall is the wall at the head end of a hospital bedspace. The bed abuts this headwall perpendicularly, which is furnished with equipment such as regulators for supplemental oxygen, regulators for suction, suction canisters, connections for the call bell system, lighting, electrical outlets, and often a vital signs monitor.

title: Headwall


text:
The Saracen

The Saracen is a two-part novel written by Robert Shea. The continuous tale has two separate portions: The Land of the Infidel and The Holy War.

Basically ignored during its publication and then out of print although still enjoying strong reviews and a cult following by those who have read it, the novel is the portrayal of an English-born man, David, who is captured as a very young child and sold into slavery to Baibars, a Mamluk officer. He becomes a devout believer in Islam and takes the Arabic form of his name and the surname of a convert, Daoud ibn Abdullah. He develops into a gifted warrior and assassin. He is sent to the Papal Court in Orvieto in the 13th century as a spy, in order to foil an alliance between the Christian West and the Mongolian descendants of Genghis Khan to exterminate the Muslim faith and capture the Holy Land.

Daoud was also trained by the Hashishyya, a heretical Islamic order. One of the many spellings of its name, Hashshashin, is the origin the modern word "assassin". Shea spends considerable time discussing its techniques and philosophy, which are major themes of the book.

Many of the characters in the novel, such as Thomas Aquinas, Baibars, King Manfred of Sicily, Louis IX, and Charles of Anjou, are historical figures, who are woven into the fictional canvas Shea invented.

Some historians believe that an alliance was attempted by the Papal Court, with Louis IX's backing, with the Mongols against the Muslim world, which ultimately failed. Shea creates a fictional scenario to explain that failure, and his firmly historical figures, such as Aquinas, are set side by side with wholly fictional characters and semilegendary figures such as the Italian poet Sordello, who appears in Dante's Purgatorio and with whom Shea also takes considerable poetic license.

Other major fictional characters include Sophia, a Byzantine woman who is a member of Manfred's court and Manfred's former concubine and accompanies Daoud on his mission, and Simon de Gobingnon, a French knight assigned to protect the Mongol ambassadors, who is Daoud's chief nemesis and the son of the major characters in Shea's All Things Are Lights.

Daoud is unquestionably the hero of the novel, but those who have read All Things Are Lights and are familiar with Simon's background often find themselves sympathizing with the young Simon's attempts to live up to his birthright.

Ostensibly an adventure tale, the novel is also a thinly veiled look into secret societies such as the Hashishin and the Templar Knights. Shea tackled those subjects in many books, most famously his Illuminatus! Trilogy, co-written with Robert Anton Wilson. Many of Shea's books after Illuminatus!, such as Shike and All Things Are Lights, but deal with the secret societies that clearly had interest hin, few of his other books interweave his scholarly investigations of those societies into as compelling a story.

title: The Saracen


text:
Mahatma Gandhi Foundation

The Mahatma Gandhi Foundation is located in Gujarat, India and is headed by Tushar Gandhi, the great-grandson of Mahatma Gandhi and the son of nonviolent activist and organiser Arun Gandhi. The organisation under the leadership of Tushar, a socio-political activist of peace issues, is involved in advocating and spreading Gandhian values and principles to address the problems and dilemmas faced by humankind and the contemporary world.

In 2006, Tushar Gandhi was appointed as a Goodwill Ambassador of CISRI-ISP Intergovernmental Institution for the use of Micro-algae Spirulina Against Malnutrition.

The Gandhi Foundation is a foundation which is dedicated entirely to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and his works to free India from British rule. It has an office in Kingsley Hall Community Centre in east London where Gandhi stayed in 1931.

This organisation was founded in 1983 by Surur Hoda.

title: Mahatma Gandhi Foundation


text:
Society of London Theatre

The Society of London Theatre (SOLT) is a British trade association for West End theatre in London. It was founded in 1908 as Society of West End Theatre Managers, becoming the Society of West End Theatre in 1975, and then changing to its current name in 1994. SOLT is a not-for-profit organisation which speaks on behalf of the theatre owners, producers, and managers of all the major commercial and grant-aided theatres in London. SOLT shares an office with UK Theatre, its sister organisation.

As well as advocating for the interests of its members, SOLT promotes theatre through activities including the Laurence Olivier Awards, the TKTS ticket booth, Theatre Tokens, a fortnightly printed listings guide and website. The organisation also administers the audience development initiatives Kids Week and Official London Theatre's New Year Sale, and runs events including the 'behind-the-scenes' career fair, TheatreCraft, and West End LIVE, alongside Westminster City Council. SOLT also supports a number of theatrical charities including Stage One and Mousetrap Theatre Projects.

title: Society of London Theatre


text:
Vidar Kleppe

Vidar Sveinung Kleppe (born 16 September 1963) is a Norwegian politician. He was a member of parliament and deputy leader of the Progress Party until he was suspended and left the party in 2001. He was the founder and leader of the Democrats party from 2002 to 2012, and has since 2003 held public office as a member of the Vest-Agder county council and the Kristiansand municipal council.

Early and personal life
Kleppe was born in Bergen to CEO Erling Kleppe (1941–1989) and his wife Harriet Uthaug (1944–2018), and was raised in Fedje. He received education at a mechanical school from 1980 to 1981, and after this went to sea for a year. When he came back he worked as an industrial labourer in Kristiansand for four years, until 1987 when he was a businessman for two years. He was married in 1992 to Elin Dyrstad Kleppe, and has three children, two with Elin. For his wedding, Jan Simonsen was his best man. Kleppe wrote in 2021 that his wife Elin had died of cancer.

Progress Party (1989–2001)
Kleppe was a prominent politician for the Progress Party during the 1990s and was a member of their national board from 1989 to 1999. He was a member of parliament for two periods, from 1989 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2001. From 1995 to 1999 he was the second deputy leader of the party. He also held the office as a member of the Kristiansand municipal council from 1987 to 1999. During electoral campaigns in 1999, Kleppe, together with his close party colleague Øystein Hedstrøm, notably ran numerous campaigns together, popularly known as the "Hedstrøm & Kleppe Show", where they discussed issues regarding immigration and integration.

In early 2001 turmoil however erupted within the Progress Party, and Kleppe was suspended and soon left the party, in spite of strong opposition to the suspension in many local chapters of the party. Kleppe was seen by party chairman Carl I. Hagen as a "leader" of a rebellious faction of the party, as well as being controversial, because of his positions on immigration as well as other issues where he contradicted the official party policy. He was also accused of not being a "constructive team player." His earlier history was toppled when Kleppe attacked then deputy leader Terje Søviknes in the turmoil around the sex scandal he was involved with at the time, insinuating him of fooling around with young girls and possible sexual assaults.

2001 election
The suspension was restricted to a year only, but Kleppe chose to leave the party and contested the 2001 parliamentary election as a candidate for the Southern Norway List. His campaign failed and he received only 2.8% of the vote in Vest-Agder, a largely disappointing result as he was regarded as having a strong support there with an opinion poll in March where 17.5% said they would vote for him.

In early 2001 he had also apparently been nominated as the top candidate for the Liberal People's Party in two counties, but conflict erupted over the party's status. The dispute was resolved in June when they announced that they would launch the "Freedom Party", but the plans were never realised. Since this failed, they instead contested the election by a loose collection of county lists.

Democrats (2002–2023)
Kleppe went on to found the Democrats in 2002. He was elected as member of the Vest-Agder county council and Kristiansand municipal council in the 2003 local elections, and was re-elected again in 2007. Before the 2005 parliamentary election a poll showed that close to 10% of those voting for the Progress Party in Hordaland in 2003 would consider voting for Kleppe.

Kleppe has held speeches at several rallies of the anti-Muslim activist group Stop Islamisation of Norway (SIAN). In 2015 he also held a speech at a Pegida rally in Kristiansand.

In 2023, Kleppe and all the party's elected representatives in Kristiansand and Southern Norway were expelled from the party after Kleppe criticised the Russian invasion of Ukraine and demanded that Vladimir Putin be put on international trial, in opposition to the party's decision to oppose weapons support to Ukraine. He thereafter started the new "Kleppe List". He was re-elected to the Kristiansand municipal council the same year as the party's only representative.

Political views
In 2005, the Christian conservative weekly newspaper Norge IDAG described him as a "Christian libertarian". When running for the 2007 local elections, Kleppe cited as his most important issues to fight for the weak in society and against poverty, as well as to stop the Islamisation and dechristianisation of Norway. To accomplish the latter, he sought to, among other things, remove all public economical support for Muslim religious societies. During the 1990s, he at various times suggested George H. W. Bush, the Salvation Army and Bill Clinton for the Nobel Peace Prize. He has publicly endorsed the controversial short film Fitna, made by Dutch politician Geert Wilders, and recommends everyone to see it.

In January 2009, Kleppe was denied membership of the eurosceptic organisation Nei til EU as he, according to its leader Heming Olaussen (a former member of the Socialist Left Party), stood for "racist attitudes". This action led to the resignations of a large number of members, including one county secretary citing it to be totally unintelligible to deny Kleppe membership, as he was "one of the greatest supporters of Nei til EU during the last EU-referendum". Kleppe, regarding this event, even received support from one of his strongest political rivals, Harald Sødal, a former Christian Democratic deputy mayor of Kristiansand.

After his suspension from the Progress Party in 2001, it has been noted that many of the proposals raised by Kleppe earlier, then being very controversial even within the Progress Party, has since been "copied" by the party. This include a proposal of limiting kontantstøtte (social security for children choosing not to go to kindergarten) to only Norwegian citizens in 1998, which was later raised by Per Sandberg in 2004. With his tough line against Islam, he later also welcomed controversial episodes of criticism of Islam by Carl I. Hagen in 2004 and Siv Jensen in 2009.

Assaults by political opponents
In 1999 Kleppe was twice assaulted, both times by the pouring of beer over his head. First by Jan Otto Hauge, then editor of Journalisten, and secondly by singer-songwriter Lillebjørn Nilsen, with the latter getting a 100,000 kr fine, as well as losing a culture award he had been awarded by the municipality of Oslo.

In August 2005 Kleppe was physically assaulted by a former Workers' Communist Party deputy leader, and was thrown eggs at, physically assaulted, and had equipment for a public speech sabotaged by members of a demonstration by left-wing organisations SOS Racism, Blitz-movement and Socialist Youth. In 2003 he also received numerous death threats.

title: Vidar Kleppe


text:
Émile Desportes

Émile Desportes (1878, Pont l'Evêque, France – 1944, Méricourt) was a French composer and conductor. He was the father of composer Yvonne Desportes (1907–93).

Desportes was originally a lawyer at Caen, then professor of music and conductor. He studied composition with Paul Dukas, but soon became more interested in other activities.

Most of his compositions were written for wind instruments, but he also wrote songs, and his best known piece is Pastorale joyeuse for flute and guitar.

title: Émile Desportes


text:
User:Guyalsfere

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title: User:Guyalsfere


text:
Nagalingam Shanmugathasan

Nagalingam Shanmugathasan (நாகலிங்கம் சண்முகதாசன், 1920 – 8 February 1993) was a trade unionist and Maoist revolutionary leader in Sri Lanka. He was the General Secretary of the Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist)

Early life and family
Shanmugathasan hailed from a family of modest means in the town of Manipay in Jaffna District. He began studying history at the University College Colombo in 1938, where he first came into contact with communist ideas and met supporters of the Communist Party of Great Britain who had returned from studying at Cambridge University. In 1939 he and two fellow students were suspended, but soon reinstated, from the university for distributing anti-imperialist flyers after the outbreak of World War II. Shanmugathasan gained notoriety among the students after this action and in 1940 won in the student election to become General Secretary of the University Union Society. The next year he was elected President of the Society. In the meantime, he was organising a group of Communists among the students that opposed both British imperialism and the Trotskyists of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party.

After graduating from the University of Ceylon in 1943, Shanmugathasan joined the trade union movement, and became a full-time activist of the Ceylon Communist Party. He became the head of the Ceylon Trade Union Federation and led several strikes, including the general strike of 1947, the Hartal (general strike) of 1953, and a transport strike in 1955.

Shanmugathasan married with Parameswari, the widow wife of veteran Communist leader Hon. Pon Kandiah. Also Shanmugathasan adopted Hon. Pon Kandiah's daughter – Dr. Radha Thambirajah. She is a lecturer of Acupuncture in Europe.

Anti-Soviet and pro-Chinese stand
In the aftermath of the Soviet-Chinese split of the Communist movement, he and Premalal Kumarasiri were expelled from the Ceylon Communist Party's Politburo in 1963 for pro-Mao views and they formed a new Party with the same name as Ceylon Communist Party. In 1964 he became the general secretary of the Ceylon Communist Party (Peking Wing) (later CCP(Maoist)). He contested the 1965 general election as a Communist Party (Peking Wing) candidate, but was unsuccessful: he won only 0.5% of the vote. The party at its ninth Congress held in 1969 upheld Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Shanmugathasan visited China twice during the Cultural Revolution and was important enough to have addressed thousands of Red Guards.

After the formation of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist), which conducted armed struggle with the Communist Party of India (Maoist) as a part of the Naxalite Insurgency, Shanmugathasan played the role of liaison between China and CPI(ML).

In 1971 Shanmugathasan was imprisoned for one year during a crackdown on revolutionaries following the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (People's Liberation Front) rebellion. Shanmugathasan was targeted by the government for his espousal of armed revolution for political change and for being identified as one of the political mentors of Rohana Wijeweera, the founding leader of the JVP. While detained in prison Shanmugathasan authored a book, A Marxist Looks at the History of Ceylon.

In 1973, Shanmugathasan's party was estimated by the US State Department to have approximately 500 to 800 cadre, and possessed "the ability to control the Ceylon Trade Union Federation and the Ceylon Plantation Workers' Union with a combined membership of some 110,000".

Anti-Chinese stand
In 1976, after the death of Mao Zedong and the defeat of the Gang of Four and the revolutionary pro-Mao forces in China, Shanmugathasan sided with the pro-Mao forces internationally. He played an important role in the foundation of the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement, which he hailed as a "milestone in the history of the international communist movement". In 1991 he convened a conference of the Communist Party of Ceylon (Maoist) to promote new leadership and assure the longevity of the party.

Political mentor
Sri Lankan former President Maithripala Sirisena commenced his political career under Shanmugathasan in the Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist).

S. K. Senthivel the General Secretary of the New-Democratic Marxist-Leninist Party has started his full time political career under Shanmugathasan in 1964 and worked closely with him till 1978.

In 1965, Rohana Wijeweera learned from Shanmugathasan to lead the revolutionary faction of the Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist). Later he formed the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna or JVP.

Stand on the Tamil Nationalism
Shanmugathasan was one of few national level politicians of Sri Lankan Tamil origin. He did not accept the Tamil Nationalism and the decision of the Tamils self-determination till 1983, when the Civil War broke out. Still, he did not express support towards the Separatists.

Final days
His last public appearance was at the first press conference of the International Emergency Committee to Defend the Life of Dr Abimael Guzmán in London. He died of natural causes on 8 February 1993 in England, where he had gone for medical treatment near the end of his life.

Works
This is a partial list of books and articles written by Shanmugathasan.

 * A Marxist Looks at the History of Ceylon, 1974, Colombo: Sarasavi Printers
 * The Bright Red Banner of Mao Tse-tung Thought, 1969, Colombo: Communist Party Publications, written to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China (excerpt from Chapter IV)
 * "Castro Joins Anti-China Chorus," Peking Review, Vol. 9, No. 9, 25 February 1966
 * Enver Hoxha Refuted, originally published in A World to Win magazine
 * How Can the Working Class Achieve Power? A Selection of Articles of Interest to the Working Class Movement, 1963, Colombo: Worker Publications
 * The Lessons of the October Revolution, 1964, Colombo: Workers' Pub. House
 * "N. Sanmugathasan on Indonesian Revolution," Peking Review, Vol. 9, #37, 9 September 1966
 * "Nurtured by Mao Tse-tung’s Thought, China Grows Young," Peking Review, Vol. 9, #46, 11 November 1966
 * Political Memoirs of an Unrepentant Communist, 1989, Colombo (excerpts online)
 * "Sri Lanka's Week of Shame: an eyewitness account," Race & Class, A Journal for Black & Third World Liberation, Volume XXVI, Summer 1984, No. 1: Sri Lanka: Racism and the Authoritarian State
 * Some Notes on Mao's Philosophy, 1986
 * "Tremendous International Significance of Mao Tse-tung’s Thought," Peking Review, Vol. 11, No. 43, 25 October 1968, pp. 22–23

title: Nagalingam Shanmugathasan


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Nickshanks

 * ''The following discussion is preserved as an archive of a successful request for adminship. Please do not modify it.

Nickshanks
Final (13/0/0) ended 11:10, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

I feel that a strong, consistent record over the past year, a level head when communicating with others, a varied spectrum of disciplins about which I am knowledgeable and solid contributions both large and small stand me in good stead for consideration as an admin on the English Wikipedia. I am also an admin on the Latin, and minor contributor to the French, Kannada, German and Old English Wikipedias, and use the Wikimedia Commons wherever appropriate for uploading images.
 * edit count; self-nomination. I have been mainly active in my interest areas of space, archaeology, british history, computing and linguistics for a year or so, and contributed articles about places in which I've lived or have visited, with sporadic contributions where I wasn't logged in. I also lightly contributed for a couple of years from various university IPs (147.197.*) but with no registered account. I am a bit of a grammar nazi and often make tiny changes here and there to spruce up pages, make tables prettier, use Unicode instead of HTML entities, fix hyphenation et cetera. I also revert vandalism wherever I see it, for example Planet. I have been involved in a couple of disputes as you can see from my talk page (as I am sure anyone who's been here long enough has). I hope that you are able to see I can resolve them amicably, either by explaining better what I was doing, or by admitting error and reverting changes.

Support
 * 1) Support Good consistent (not consistant) editor and obviously not such a grammar nazi after all! Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   16:45, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oops, yeah well spotted Nicholas 18:33, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Support, yeah, what the heck. — J I P | Talk 18:54, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support --Rogerd 20:53, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) I give him the nod. Denelson83 22:11, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) '''Support, Not the most active of users, but that's alright, active enough to have over 2000 edits (Not that I look at edit counts or anything) Privat  e   Butcher  22:53, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Support CambridgeBayWeather 02:47, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Merovingian (t) (c) 08:13, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Support Use edit summaries though please :) Ryan Norton T 02:35, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Cool. --JuntungWu 07:14, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Support nearly three thousand edits. freestylefrappe 23:12, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Only two thousand of those are on article pages, the other 700‐odd are talk pages. Nicholas 23:26, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Support sample checked a small amount of edits, good quality stuff on numismatic articles too. Alf melmac 15:57, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support. El_C 03:27, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Support. --NormanEinstein 14:05, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Support. This user can be trusted. The Singing Badger 17:27, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Oppose

Neutral

Comments

Questions A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. Primarily the same stuff I do now, but better :-) i.e. reverts to vandalism, moving images to Commons, etc. I will probably also take on a role deleting pages that ought not to be.

 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. I tend not to write whole new articles, but where I do they usually stand unchanged for a long period of time. I suppose this is either because the are either very good or very obscure! The articles that I have written in their entirety, and which have not had people complain about or make substantial changes to, are the ones I feel have been accepted and welcomed into the community. Some examples are [1], [2],[3], [4], [5], [6] and just today [7]. The first of which I have had compliments about how interesting readers found it! The second and third are my most substantial single contributions.

 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future?
 * A. I have not felt stress at any point (yet, fingers crossed). I have a tendency to copy conversations into my own talk page so that when people reply I get notified and can follow the thread. It also mean that the disputes I have had are there for all to see. All have been resolved quickly and amicably, as I have explained in my nomination speech. I don't believe there's anyone on here who holds a grudge against me, at least, I hope there isn't! :-)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page. No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Ash Vale railway station

Ash Vale is a railway station serving the village of Ash Vale in Surrey, England. It is situated at the junction of the London to Alton line and the Ascot to Guildford line, 32 mi down the line from London Waterloo. The station and all trains serving it are operated by South Western Railway.

Location
The station is on an embankment and is adjacent to the Basingstoke Canal. It is approximately half a mile from Ash Vale to North Camp station on the North Downs Line (the line between Gatwick Airport, Guildford and Reading), a distance passengers are expected to walk to make any connection. Only disabled passengers may argue that to do so would not be "reasonable" - the National Routeing Guide which defines route validity allows for the less able taking circuitous routes at the discretion of staff.

History
The station was opened by the London and South Western Railway on 2 May 1870, under the name of "North Camp and Ash Vale" and was given its present name on 30 March 1924. It became part of the Southern Railway as a result of the Grouping of 1923.

Electrification of the line between Woking and Farnham was completed in January 1937 and electrification of the branch to Ascot was finished two years later. Responsibility for the station passed to the Southern Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. The original main station building on the south side had to be demolished due to subsidence; the current replacement dates from 1972.

When Sectorisation was introduced in the 1980s, the station was served by Network SouthEast until the Privatisation of British Railways.

Train movements in the Ash Vale station area and the junction beyond were controlled by Ash Vale Junction signal box, constructed in June 1879. The signal box, complete with its four residents and cover staff, operated 24 hours a day, 364 days a year. The signal box closed in 2014 and was demolished two years later.

Services
On weekdays, there are trains approximately every 30 minutes between London Waterloo and Alton and between Ascot and Aldershot. On Sundays, trains run every 30 minutes between London and Alton and every 60 minutes between Ascot and Guildford.

South Western Railway is replacing their Class 458, 455 and 707 EMUs with Class 701 "Arterio" EMUs, meaning that these new trains will stop at Ash Vale station in the future.

Accidents and incidents
In 1952 the booking clerk at Ash Vale was murdered following a hold-up by a fellow rail worker.

On the evening of 29 August 1990, a Class 421 electric multiple unit working a Guildford to Ascot service derailed at Ash Vale Junction. All four carriages remained upright; 20 passengers were evacuated by military personnel and escorted to Ash Vale station.

title: Ash Vale railway station


text:
Yoma danio

The yoma danio (Danio feegradei) is a fish in the family Cyprinidae, a species of danio from Myanmar. It can grow up to 8 cm in length.

Although discovered by Hora in 1937, it was first exported in 2005.

These fish has an exceptional ability for jumping. It can jump vertically to a height of over a foot (0.3 m) and may jump in this manner repeatedly.

The Yoma danio is quite variable in appearance, with some specimens developing black bars.

title: Yoma danio


text:
User:Scandum

Any society that values morality above reason will end up with unreasonable morals.

title: User:Scandum


text:
Charles Holmes

Sir Charles John Holmes, KCVO (11 November 1868, Preston, Lancashire – 7 December 1936, Kensington, London) was a British painter, art historian and museum director.

Holmes was Slade Professor of Fine Art at Oxford University (1904 to 1910). At the same time he co-edited The Burlington Magazine from 1904 to 1909. Holmes was appointed director of the National Portrait Gallery in 1909, resigning in 1916 to become Director of the National Gallery, from which he retired in 1928.

His writing on art combined theory with practice, and he was an expert on the painting techniques of the Old Masters, from whose example he had learned to draw and paint.

Early life
Holmes was the son of a clergyman, Charles Rivington Holmes, and Mary Susan Dickson. His uncle was Sir Richard Rivington Holmes, Librarian at Windsor Castle. His grandfather had been Assistant Keeper of manuscripts at the British Museum.

He attended Eton College from 1883 and attained a scholarship to Brasenose College, Oxford in 1887. From 1889, Holmes worked as a publisher's and printer's assistant in London, first for his cousin Francis Rivington, then at the Ballantyne Press, and finally with John Cumming Nimmo. From 1896 to 1903, he was manager of the Vale Press, supporting Charles Ricketts and Charles Shannon. Holmes also wrote an art column for the Athenaeum which he shared with Roger Fry. In 1903, Holmes married his cousin, the musician Florence Mary Rivington.

Later career
From 1904 to 1910, Holmes was Slade Professor of Fine Art at Oxford University. At the same time, his experience in the field of publishing contributed to the early success of The Burlington Magazine (founded 1903), which he edited from 1904 to 1909 (co-editor with Robert Dell until 1906, co-editor with Harold Child from 1907).

Upon the retirement of Lionel Cust, Holmes was appointed director of the National Portrait Gallery in 1909. He resigned this post in 1916 to take up his appointment as director of the National Gallery. Since a change in the constitution of the gallery meant that Holmes was not given the absolute authority in the choice of purchases which his predecessors had enjoyed, Holmes instead made it his priority to familiarise the general public with the contents of the museum. Using his experience as a critic and in publishing, he published a series of catalogues of the National Gallery's holdings and produced a guide book. He retired in 1928.

Artist

Holmes was a draughtsman, painter in watercolours and oils, and etcher, mostly of landscapes. Self taught, he developed a highly personal style from studying European as well as Japanese sources like Hiroshige and Hokusai, travelling to Japan in 1889. These influences can be seen in his magazine, the Studio Magazine, founded in 1893. Later, he came under the artistic influence of Ricketts, and he learned etching from William Strang. He is also known for his industrial landscapes in which industrial buildings and activities play a major part. Examples for this can be found at Samlesbury Hall for which he painted a series of views around Blackburn und Preston (exhibited at Colnaghi's, London, in 1928).

His stature as an artist was acknowledged when, in 1904 or 1905, he was admitted as a member into the New English Art Club with whom he had already exhibited from 1900. He was also six times participant at the Venice Biennale between 1912 and 1930, and became a member of the Royal Society of Painters in Watercolours in 1929 (associate from 1924; vice-president in 1935). He held one-man shows at the Carfax Gallery, Piccadilly, in 1909, 1911 and 1913. A memorial exhibition was held in London by the Fine Art Society in 1937.

Honours
Holmes received a knighthood in 1921, and was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1928, the year of his retirement. He also held honorary doctorates from the universities of Cambridge and Leeds und was made an Honorary Fellow of Brasenose College in 1931.

Selected writings

 * Hokusai, 1899
 * Constable, 1901 – available as a Kindle book
 * Constable and His Influence on Landscape Painting, 1902
 * Notes on the Science of Picture-Making, 1909
 * Notes on the Post-Impressionist Painters, Grafton Galleries, 1910–11, 1910
 * Notes on the Art of Rembrandt, 1911
 * Leonardo da Vinci, 1919, Proceedings of the British Academy, vol. 9, pp. 53–78; Master-Mind Lecture, on Leonardo da Vinci
 * The Making of the National Gallery, 1824–1924. An historical sketch, 1924 (together with C. H. Collins Baker)
 * A Grammar of the Arts, 1931
 * Self and Partners (Mostly Self), 1936 (Autobiography)

title: Charles Holmes


text:
AMS-Osram

ams OSRAM AG is an Austrian semiconductor manufacturer headquartered in Premstätten, Austria with a co-headquarters in Munich, Germany. The company develops and produces intelligent sensors and emitter components

In 2020 ams AG acquired the German lighting, LED, and opto-semiconductor manufacturer OSRAM. Since then, the company operates under the name ams OSRAM.

The ams OSRAM portfolio includes light emitters, sensors and CMOS ICs with embedded software solutions as well as lighting systems and specialty lamps for automotive, industrial and entertainment applications.The company mainly address the automotive, industrial and medical markets, as well as selected fields of consumer electronics.

1978–2000
Voestalpine AG decides to expand its product and services range during the late 1970s and chooses the semiconductor industry. Due to voestalpine looking for a joint venture partner the first cooperation with AMI (American Microsystems, Inc., later AMI Semiconductor, now part of onsemi) was formed.

In 1981, this joint venture resulted in the American Micro Systems Incorporated-Austria GmbH (AMI-A). AMI owned 51% and voestalpine AG 49%. The Schloss Premstätten in Unterpremstätten (Styria, Austria) was chosen as headquarters.

In 1983, the Austrian chancellor Fred Sinowatz officially opened the 100 mm wafer factory which started its production with 300 employees.

1987 was the year when voestalpine AG took over full ownership. In September of the same year the name was changed from AMI-A to AMS (Austria Mikro Systeme International GmbH). Furthermore, there were new sales branches established in California and Germany.

In 1991, ams became one of the 25 fastest growing businesses in Europe. ams was chosen to be the "top Fab of 1992".

In June 1993, ams was the first semiconductor company in Europe to go public, at the Vienna stock exchange.

ams opened the first sales office in Asia in 1996, the company was also accredited according to the ISO 14001:1996 and EMAS. In 1997, AMS achieved first successes in the area of deep sub-micron technologies.

NASA's "Deep Space 2" mission in 1998 took off with 2 chips developed from ams and the aircraft manufacturer Boeing. These chips were designed to manage the power supply of the whole space probe. In the same year the company was accredited according to the American and German automotive industry, QS 9000 and VDA 6.1 respectively.

In 2000, ams set the foundation for the new 200 mm wafer factory. With the support of its new private equity shareholder Permira, ams left the Vienna stock exchange the same year. This resulted in a further name change to austriamicrosystems AG.

2001–2010

The new 200 mm production line starts its trial run. At the same time a license agreement has been reached between austriamicrosystems AG and TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd.), the largest global IC foundry. After the successful trial run the new 200 mm wafer factory goes ahead with the mass production in 2002. New sales offices in Singapore were opened in the same year, furthermore an expansion of locations in Hong Kong, Japan and the USA was carried out.

Silicon Strategies listed austriamicrosystems as the only European company under the top ten 2003 foundries worldwide. austriamicrosystems AG decided to continue its policy of expansion with new sales offices in South Korea, China (Suzhou), Finland and Sweden. Additionally, a design center for multimedia playback applications was set up in Bangalore, India.

2004 was the year austriamicrosystems AG found its way back to the stock exchange. Since 17 May that year austriamicrosystems AG is listed on the Swiss Stock Exchange, short SIX, in Zürich.

In 2005, the standard products as well as the capacity of the 200 mm wafer factory were expanded to compensate for the shut down of the old 100 mm factory which played a main part in the success of austriamicrosystems AG.

In 2006, the year of the 25th anniversary, a new test centre in the Philippines and a new design centre in India were built. The 200 mm wafer factory was also expanded further.

In 2007, austriamicrosystems AG stepped into new business segments in the form of a partnership with the micro motor manufacturer New Scale Technologies. In the same year the new cafeteria & conference centre (CCC) was built by the architect DI Tinchon.

ams AG reduced emissions and plans in the mid term to produce CO2-free. Nevertheless, austriamicrosystems AG reached revenues amounting to EUR 209.4m in 2010.

2011–present
In 2011, austriamicrosystems acquired 100% of the shares in Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions, Inc. (TAOS), for about US$320 million (about EUR 220m). TAOS works in the area of light sensor technologies.

In May 2012, austriamicrosystems rebrands to "ams". The new brand name ams conjoins austriamicrosystems and the brand of TAOS, a supplier of intelligent lights sensors, acquired in 2011. Furthermore, ams AG acquired IDS Microchip AG in the same year.

Since 13 May 2013, Kirk Laney, former CEO of TAOS Inc., took over the interim management of the company after the step down of John Heugle, head of company for 11 years.

In June 2014, ams acquired 100% of shares in AppliedSensor, a maker of solid-state chemical gas sensors.

On 25 June 2014, ams published a statement of a possible merger of equals with Dialog Semiconductor.

In July 2015, ams acquired the advanced CMOS sensor business from NXP.

In November 2015, ams acquired CMOSIS, a supplier of area scan and miniature medical CMOS image sensors.

In June 2016, ams acquired CCMOSS.

In July 2016, ams acquired color and spectral sensing specialist MAZeT.

In October 2016, ams acquired optical packaging firm Heptagon.

In December 2016, ams acquired Incus Laboratories, active in active noise cancellation in headphones and earphones.

In March 2017, ams acquired 100% of the shares in Princeton Optronics, Inc., a provider of Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), in an all-cash transaction. In September 2017, AMS announced that it would be opening site under $200 million plan in Singapore.

In March 2019, ams and Wise Road Capital, a global private equity firm focusing on the semiconductor industry and other emerging high-tech industries, create a joint venture to advance the development and sales of environmental, flow and pressure sensors for the global market.

In April 2019, ams share value surged 20% after offering their 3D sensor technology to Android makers, that was once exclusive to their largest client, Apple.

In December 2019, ams successfully closed their acquisition of German lighting, LED, and opto-semiconductor manufacturer, OSRAM.

Managing board
The management board of AMS Osram is composed of:
 * Aldo Kamper (CEO since 2023)
 * Rainer Irle (CFO since 2023)

Key figure
Financial and employees number of last year.

Shareholder structure
AMS Osram AG is listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange (ticker symbol: AMS) since 2004. Approx. 95% of the shares are free float, around 5% are held by AMS Osram AG as treasury shares.

Business segments
AMS Osram's activities are organized into two main business segments, Semiconductors and Lamps & Systems. The Semiconductors segment includes semiconductor-based products such as high-performance LEDs, lasers, and optical sensors for business customers in the automotive, consumer, and industrial end markets. The Lamps & Systems segment includes traditional lamps and lighting systems for automotive, industrial and medical end markets.

In the first half of the fiscal year 2022 the Semiconductors business segment contributed 68% of the group's revenues while the Lamps & Systems segment contributed 32%.

Within the automotive market, the range of AMS Osram products includes illumination for front- and back-lighting, components for LED-based products and traditional light sources and interior lighting. The company also provides sensing for the automotive end markets such as in-cabin sensing or exterior sensing required for ADAS.

The automotive end market accounted for 40% of the group's total revenues in the first half of 2022.

AMS Osram has been named as one of the leading automotive LED vendors.

In the consumer end market AMS Osram serves companies for mobile wearables devices. The main focus areas are sensing for applications such as ambient light sensing, camera enhancement and vital signs monitoring.

The consumer end market accounted for 24% of the group's total revenues in the first half of 2022.

In the area of industrial and medical end markets AMS Osram provides primarily illumination and sensor. Their illumination products include LEDs for horticulture lighting, outdoor / industry lighting and UV-C LEDs for treatment purposes. Their sensors include components for home & building automation, robotics and medical imaging such as CT sensor modules.

The industrial and medical end market accounted for 36% of the group's total revenues in the first half of 2022.

Research and development
AMS Osram consistently invests in research and development. In 2016, research and development expenses totaled EUR 138.9m - corresponding to 25% of revenue. On average, the research and development department included 677 employees. In 2021, research and development expenses totaled EUR 642m (13% of revenue) and included 3,445 employees on average.

title: AMS-Osram


text:
User talk:Logix

Image:Fskinpen.jpg listed for deletion
An image that you uploaded, Image:Fskinpen.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion because it lacks source and license information, and it is not used in any articles. Please go there to voice your opinion (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you.

title: User talk:Logix