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Jack Stivetts

John Elmer Stivetts (March 31, 1868 – April 18, 1930) was an American professional baseball pitcher who played 11 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) spanning from 1889 to 1899. He played in the American Association (AA) with the St. Louis Browns, and in the National League (NL) with the Boston Beaneaters and Cleveland Spiders. "Happy Jack" (nicknamed due to his pleasant demeanor) was born to German immigrants and raised in Ashland, Pennsylvania. He initially followed his father into the coal mining industry before playing professional baseball. After playing $2 1/2$ seasons in minor league baseball, he was signed by the Browns. Over the next few seasons, he was regarded as one of the best pitchers in baseball.

He led the AA in earned run average (ERA) in his first MLB season, and then in strikeouts two seasons later. In the years spanning from 1890 through 1896, he posted 20 or more victories in a season six times; two in which he won more than 30. In 1892, he won a career-high 35 games, and on August 6, he threw a no-hitter. During his seven seasons with the Beaneaters, he was part of four NL championships, and pitched alongside future Hall of Fame members John Clarkson and Kid Nichols. He was among the best hitting pitchers of his era, and was often used at other positions when he was not pitching. His season total of seven home runs in 1890 stood as the record for pitchers until 1931. He compiled a .298 lifetime batting average, hit 35 home runs, and delivered 357 runs batted in (RBIs).

In his last season in the major leagues, he played for the Spiders, widely considered to be one of the worst teams in MLB history. After his baseball career, he returned to his hometown of Ashland. He worked for the area coal mines as a brewery wagon driver and carpenter, and died there at 62 years of age.

Early life
John Elmer Stivetts was born on March 31, 1868 in Ashland, Pennsylvania. His father, Adam, a coal worker, and mother, Amelia (née Cooper), were both German immigrants. He was raised in a family of Lutherans, receiving his baptism one month after his birth, and his confirmation on April 2, 1882 at the age of 14 from Christ's United Lutheran Church in Ashland. He attended public schools for eight years, before following his father in the coal trade. He married Margaret Ann "Maggie" Thomas in June 1896, and together they had one son, John, and five daughters, Ida, Mary, Leona, Margaret, and Gladys.

In June 1897, at the age of 19, Stivetts began his professional baseball career with the Ashland representative of the Central Pennsylvania League. He compiled a 9–5 win–loss record (W–L) that season with a 1.35 ERA. He returned to the Ashland team in 1888, though he later joined the Allentown Peanuts of the Central League. He began the 1889 season with the York representative of the Middle States League. It was there when an umpire named Tim Hurst noticed Stivetts' talent; who then recommended him to Charles Comiskey, the manager of the St. Louis Browns of the AA. Comiskey was impressed by the velocity of Stivetts' pitches, and offered him a contract. The Philadelphia Athletics soon made an offer of their own, but he accepted the Browns' salary offer of $275 a month, with a $200 signing bonus.

1889 season
When Stivetts joined the Browns, he became their third starting pitcher in the rotation behind Silver King and Ice Box Chamberlain. He made his major league debut on June 26, 1889 against the Cincinnati Reds. He pitched a complete game and struck out nine batters, but lost the game by the score of 6–1 behind several errors made by his teammates. His performance was noted in the press to have "made a good impression."

In his 26 games pitched that season, he had a W–L record of 12–7 and had a league-leading 2.25 ERA while St. Louis finished two games behind the Brooklyn Bridegrooms for the AA championship. He started 20 games, completed 18, struck out 143, and pitched 191$2/3$ innings. It was reported on November 13, 1889 that he had re-signed with the Browns for the 1890 season.

1890 season
During the off-season, an up-start league was created, the Players' League (PL), which drew many players away from teams from both the AA and NL teams. The Browns lost a few of their best players as well, including Comiskey, their player-manager, and King, the team's top pitcher. Chamberlain re-signed with the team, but he was sold to the Columbus Solons after pitching in just five games. These movements left Stivetts and Toad Ramsey as the franchise's top two starters, with rookie Billy Hart cast as the occasional relief starter.

The Browns opened the regular season on April 18 with a four-game series on the road versus the Louisville Colonels, and Stivetts started games two and four. In game two, he recorded 13 strikeouts, but lost the game 5–3 on a tenth-inning, two run double by Tim Shinnick. In game four on April 21, Stivetts was again credited with the loss by allowing 17 runs to score, seven of which were earned. He fared better in his third start however, allowing just one run as the Browns defeated the Solons by a 14–1 score. He struck out 12 batters, including the first seven he faced, and hit the first home run of his career.

On June 10, against Fred Smith and the Toledo Maumees, he hit two home runs in one game, the first of three times in his career he accomplished the feat. The first was a two-run home run in the fifth inning, and the second came with his team down by three runs in the bottom half of ninth inning and the bases loaded. It was the first, and only, grand slam of his career, and the second "ultimate grand slam" in history. In a game versus the Brooklyn Gladiators on July 6, manager Chris von der Ahe removed the Browns' starting pitcher Ramsey in the third inning and replaced him with Stivetts. Though the crowd momentarily interrupted the game in protest, the move proved successful. Stivetts hit a home run in the fifth inning to give the Browns a 3 runs to 1 advantage, leading the team to an eventual 7–2 victory. The home run was his sixth of the season, and he added another on August 9 for number seven: his final season total. His seven home runs in a season by a pitcher was neither broken nor tied until 1931, when Wes Ferrell hit nine for the Cleveland Indians. St. Louis finished in third-place among the nine AA teams, 12 games behind the Colonels. Stivetts had a W–L record of 27–21, a 3.52 ERA, and 289 strikeouts in 419$1/3$ innings pitched, along with three shutouts.

1891 season
On January 25, 1891, it was reported that he had re-signed with the Browns for the up-coming season. The season opened April 8, and the Browns faced the Cincinnati Kelly's Killers at home. Stivetts was the team's opening day starting pitcher. The game ended in the bottom of ninth inning when the umpire, former player and St. Louis native Bill Gleason, determined that Cincinnati was intentionally allowing St. Louis to score in an effort to delay the game. St. Louis was awarded the forfeit when Cincinnati refused to play. AA president, Louis Kramer, declared the forfeit illegal a short time later, and the game was re-played on April 12. St. Louis won the re-match behind the pitching of Stivetts. This was Gleason's second and last career game as an umpire. Over the course of the season, Stivetts was the Browns' ace, pitching mostly every second or third game the team played. When not pitching, or when he occasionally played in right field, the Browns used Joe Neale, Willie McGill, and future Hall of Fame executive Clark Griffith as part of the starting rotation. On May 30, Stivetts started both games of a doubleheader in a home series versus the Philadelphia Athletics. Due to large leads by the Browns, he was pulled from each game; lasting two innings in the first and six in the second.

Stivetts won each of his next three starts, hitting a home run in the third game, on June 6, against the Boston Reds. He hit two more in a game on August 6, against Gus Weyhing of the Athletics, the second two-homer game of his career. He connected for another off of Weyhing in a game on September 16, during a four-run ninth inning that gave the Browns a 10–7 victory. This was his seventh home run of the season, fourth as a pitcher, adding to three that he hit while playing right field. Again, he was among the best pitchers in the AA, and among the league leaders in many pitching categories. His 259 strikeouts led the league, while his 33 victories were third, and his 2.86 ERA ranked fifth. St. Louis completed the season second in the AA among the nine teams, 8.5 games behind the champion Reds.

1892 season
Though Stivetts initially denied it, it was reported on September 28, 1891 that he signed with the Boston Beaneaters of the National League (NL) for the 1892 season. Stivetts joined a pitching rotation that already included future Baseball Hall of Fame members John Clarkson and Kid Nichols, as well as veteran Harry Staley. With Boston's solid pitching staff, and their potent mix of position players consisting of future Hall of Fame members and established veterans, the team was expected to compete for a second consecutive NL championship. When analyzing the 12 National League teams, New York Giants captain, Buck Ewing, remarked about Boston's roster, "I think Clarkson has seen his better days. Jack Stivetts will strengthen them wonderfully. He is one of the best pitchers in the country to-day." In Stivetts' first start of the season on April 23, his pitching was described as "wild", as he issued six bases on balls. He prevailed, however, and Boston won by the score of 11–7. Four days later, he was victorious again, and Boston's W–L record stood at 10–1 after their first 11 games. On June 23, he hit his first home run of the season, along with a double, in a 13–6 victory over the Baltimore Orioles. The Pittsburg Dispatch reported on July 1 that Stivetts was leading Boston hitters in batting at that point in the season.

With Stivetts now established, Clarkson became expendable and was released from the team on June 30, leaving Boston with a solid three-man pitching rotation for the remainder of the season. On August 6, 1892, Stivetts pitched a no-hitter against the Brooklyn Bridegrooms, an 11–0 victory. Later, on September 5, he started, completed, and defeated Louisville in both games of a doubleheader. The following day, the press credited the victories to his ability to work well with runners on the bases. The regular season for the Beaneaters closed on October 15 with a doubleheader against the Washington Senators. Stivetts pitched the second game, and delivered a complete game shutout, his third shutout of the season, and his 35th victory. Although he finished within the top-ten in several pitching statistical categories, his strikeout total dropped to 180 in 1892. His 3.9 strikeouts per 9 innings pitched (K/9) was significantly lower from the 5.3 the previous season.

The AA had dissolved following the 1891 season, with several teams merging with the NL, re-establishing itself as the lone "major league". The NL devised a post-season series to determine a champion between the two half-season victors. This series pitted the Beaneaters (the first-half champions) against the Cleveland Spiders (the second-half champions). The first game occurred on October 17; Stivetts started for Boston, and future Hall of Famer Cy Young pitched for Cleveland. The pitching duel lasted eleven scoreless innings before the game was brought to end by darkness. After Boston won game two behind Staley on October 18, Stivetts started and gained the victory in the game on October 19. The Beaneaters were declared the NL champion after winning five straight after the opening tie game; Stivetts gained victories in three. This playoff scheme was abandoned after the season.

1893 season
On January 21, 1893, it was reported that Stivetts re-signed with Boston for the up-coming season. In March, Stivetts' name was tied to an "imminent" trade between Boston and Brooklyn that involved pitcher Tom Lovett transferring to Boston. Ultimately, the deal did not transpire, however, and each pitcher reported to their respective teams. Several rule changes were implemented before the 1893 season that intended to even the competitive balance between the pitchers and hitters. One lengthened the distance between the pitching mound and home plate from 50 feet to 60 feet 6 inches, and another required pitchers were to pitch from a rubber slab instead of being allowed to take a running start before they delivered the ball to the batter.

Stivetts struggled with the new distance initially; his first four starts of the season were largely ineffective. On April 29, with the weather cold and rainy, he issued bases on balls to ten New York Giants batters, and surrendered 15 runs. The next two starts were against Baltimore and he allowed seven runs to score the first game despite gaining the victory, and another 16 runs in a loss in the second game. Another ten runs scored on May 10, in a loss versus the Washington Senators.

His troubles adjusting to the new rules, and his athletic conditioning during June and July, prompted the team to sign Hank Gastraight for added pitching strength. He struck out just 61 batters in 283$2/3$ for a 1.6 K/9, and his ERA increased from 3.03 in 1892 to 4.41. Despite this, he helped Boston claim their third consecutive NL championship with a 20–12 W–L record.

1894 season
With the previous season's inconsistencies behind him, Stivetts was re-signed and was the team's starting pitcher for Boston's season-opening game on April 19; a 13–2 victory versus the Bridegrooms of Brooklyn. He then lost his next eight starts, however, before beginning a ten-game winning streak that lasted into mid-July. On August 21, he started and gained complete game victories in both ends of a doubleheader versus the Cincinnati Reds. Two days later, on August 23, he pitched Boston to a 12–10 victory against the Spiders. That same day in Ashland, his father was killed in a coal mining accident when a load of coal fell on top on him.

Boston finished in third place among the 12 NL teams in 1894, and Stivetts won 26 games, though most of his numbers in important statistical categories failed to improve or became worse. His ERA rose to 4.90, and his K/9 moved up slightly to 2.0 when he struck out 76 in 338 innings pitched. He issued 127 bases on balls, and surrendered a league-leading 27 home runs. His biggest success in 1894 was his skill as a hitter. Beginning on July 5, Boston played a three-game series against Cleveland. While alternating game to game from pitching and playing in right field, Stivetts hit one home run in each game, the last one coming in the sixth inning off of Cy Young, completing the sweep. He hit a career-high season total of eight home runs. He also achieved career-highs with 64 RBIs, seven triples, and 55 runs scored, while batting .328 in 68 games played.

1895 season
In early November, due to the threat that a new American Association was near formation, the National League clubs were quick to sign their players without much negotiating. Many of the players' salary demands were met, including Stivetts'. In March, shortly before the 1895 season began, Stivetts claimed he was in "excellent physical condition", and that he was "many pounds lighter than he was at this period last year". The season opener was on April 19 against Brooklyn, and Stivetts got the start over Nichols for the second consecutive season. Despite being down early in the game, Boston won the game 11–6 behind a seven-run seventh inning. Stivetts scored thrice and gathered two hits in the game, including a double.

During the 1893 season, Stivetts involved himself in a dispute between two catholic players, Tommy Tucker and Hugh Duffy, and their manager Frank Selee. The resulting rift occasionally caused strife among team members. Factions formed, with Duffy, Tucker, and Tommy McCarthy on one side; Herman Long, Bobby Lowe, and Stivetts on the other. These disagreements, in part, led to an incident in a Louisville, Kentucky hotel dining room between Stivetts and McCarthy. In response to something Stivetts had said, McCarthy retaliated by punching him once in the face and then calmly left the restaurant.

His W–L record slid to 17–17, while his ERA improved slightly to 4.64 in 291 innings pitched, as Boston fell to fifth place, 16.5 games behind the NL champions from Baltimore. His hitting suffered as well; his batting average dropped to a career-low .190, and he failed to hit a home run for the first time since his rookie season. Shortly after Boston completed its schedule, Stivetts re-signed for the 1896 season.

1896 season
During the off-season, trade talks were conducted, but not completed, between the Beaneaters and the Philadelphia Quakers. The deal likely involved Stivetts and Tucker, two players involved in Boston's religious quarrel from the previous season. As the season progressed, the press noted that his season had begun better than the previous season. Stivetts claimed that it was his weight loss (now just over 200 lbs), that was the main reason why he had been more of an asset to the team than in past years.

Though he lost his first start of season, he rebounded to win six starts in succession from April 25 though May 20, including a 7–0 shutout victory on May 8 versus Louisville. On June 12, he pitched Boston to a 15–3 victory over the Reds at home, and connected for two home runs against Chauncey Fisher. This was the third, and last, time he hit two home runs in a single game. He hit three home runs total for the season and improved his batting average to .347 in 222 at bats. He increased his win total to 22, and his 4.10 ERA was the lowest since 1892.

On October 3, it was reported that he was retained by Boston under the reserve clause. When interviewed during the off-season, Stivetts claimed that he would like to quit pitching and play first, that is if a team would give him the opportunity. Selee, Boston's manager, disagreed and claimed that the team needed Stivetts in the pitching rotation instead. It was also likely that he would have received less salary playing at first.

1897 season
Boston re-signed Stivetts for $2,100 despite the view of some in the press who believed Boston would continue to sink in the standings if they didn't rid themselves of him and the team's manager. Shortly after Stivetts' first start of the season, a 10–5 loss on April 23 in Baltimore, Selee commented that Stivetts will not be pitching much into the future, saying that "he is growing rather stiff, and will not let himself out as he did when he was at his best, some years ago." His weight was now at 217 lbs, so as the team departed on May 10 for a western road trip, Selee sent him back to Ashland to get back into proper game condition. Although he was told not to report back to the team until his weight was below 200 lbs, he had re-joined the team and played right field in the second game of a doubleheader on May 15. His place in the rotation fell behind Nichols, Fred Klobedanz, and Ted Lewis. He made a relief appearance on May 18, before having to take some time off for a sore arm. His next start occurred on May 31, when Boston defeated St. Louis by a 25–5 score. He earned his second consecutive victory on June 11, a 12–4 win over Louisville.

While he only pitched 129 1/3 innings in 18 games during the season, he fared well, and helped Boston re-claim the NL championship, with an 11–4 W–L record, and 3.41 ERA. As a hitter, he continued to flourish, with a .367 batting average, hit a career-high nine triples, and added two more home runs. At the conclusion of the regular season, Boston faced the second place Orioles in a post-season series, the Temple Cup. Created after the 1893 season by Pittsburgh Pirates owner William Chase Temple, the winner of the best-of-seven game series was awarded possession of a silver ornate cup, and 65% of the proceeds to be distributed to the players. Boston players were fatigued by their championship run, especially their games against second-place Baltimore, and now were facing the Orioles again, in the Temple Cup. Because of the fatigue, and an agreed upon even-split of the proceeds, the series was played without much enthusiasm from either team. Boston won game one, but then lost the next four games, giving Baltimore the cup. Stivetts pitched in game four, losing 12–11 to Jerry Nops. Due to McCarthy's sloppy play in center field throughout the series, he was benched in the final game in favor of Stivetts. After four seasons, the series lacked popular support and was discontinued.

1898 season
Stivetts was again reserved by Boston, and later re-signed for $2000. Due to the Beaneaters' solid, four-man starting pitching rotation of Nichols, Klobedanz, Lewis, and rookie Vic Willis, his role with the team was expected to be as an extra outfielder. Stivetts claimed that he had never felt better in his life and his outlook on the up-coming season was positive.

In a game versus the Reds on June 9, the score was tied 5–5 in the bottom of the ninth inning when Stivetts connected for a pinch-hit, walk-off solo home run. This was his second career walk off home run, his third as a pinch hitter, and the last home run of his career. It was reported on July 22 that a deal had been agreed upon to trade Stivetts to the St. Louis Browns of the NL for Kid Carsey and cash. The deal was contingent upon the acceptance of Stivetts. In early August, the Boston manager Selee sent Stivetts home, commenting that the team did not have use of his services any longer. Tim Hurst, now managing St. Louis, planned on using Stivetts in center field. Stivetts refused to accept the move to St. Louis, and a sale was officially conducted on August 14 that sent him to St. Louis for $2000 and an unnamed player. True to his word, Stivetts did not report, or play a single game for St. Louis that season. Due to his objection to being sold to St. Louis, he claimed that he would remain in Ashland and return to coal mining.

1899 season
During the off-season, the owners of the Cleveland Spiders purchased the St. Louis Browns from Chris von der Ahe. They changed the team name to Perfectos, and inherited their players. In early 1899, Stivetts claimed interest in playing for the St. Louis franchise if his salary were equal to what he was paid with Boston. The new owners, to maximize their assets, transferred all the best players to St. Louis, while sending the rest, including Stivetts, to Cleveland. The Spiders released Stivetts on June 13, and he subsequently retired from playing baseball. In 18 games for the Spiders, Stivetts had a .205 batting average and a 0–4 W–L record. He was claimed by St. Paul of the Western League a few days later, but did not play a game for the team. In his 11-season career, Stivetts won 203 games against 132 losses, a 3.74 ERA, and 1223 strikeouts in 2887$2/3$ innings pitched. In addition to his 35 career home runs as a hitter, he collected 593 hits in 1992 at bats for a .298 batting average, and had 357 RBIs.

Post-baseball/Legacy
After his retirement from professional baseball, he worked for the coal industry in various capacities. He was listed as a carpenter in both the 1910 and 1920 Federal Census. He operated a brewery wagon for a coal company in his hometown of Ashland. In April 1912, he was working as a carpenter for the Black Ridge mine in Conyngham, Pennsylvania. He occasionally played on small clubs around the Ashland area, and in May 1902, he survived a bout of smallpox. By 1930, he was no longer working. He died on April 18, 1930, at the age of 62 in Ashland, and is interred at Brock Cemetery.

He was described by sportswriters of the time as one of the fastest pitchers in the league, comparable to Amos Rusie and Ted Breitenstein. Kid Nichols remarked in 1902 that Stivetts' speed was as fast as Rusie, and could have extended his career much longer had he taken better care of his body. Baseball writer O. P. Caylor wrote that Stivetts' issues were entirely his own, blaming his hard-drinking lifestyle and his inability to remain in good condition.

title: Jack Stivetts


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Junior Kimbrough

David "Junior" Kimbrough (July 28, 1930 – January 17, 1998) was an American blues musician. His best-known works are "Keep Your Hands off Her" and "All Night Long". In 2023, he was inducted in the Blues Hall of Fame.

Early life
Kimbrough was born in Hudsonville, Mississippi, and lived in the north Mississippi hill country near Holly Springs. His father, a barber, played the guitar, and Junior picked his guitar as a child. He was apparently influenced by the guitarists Lightnin' Hopkins, Mississippi Fred McDowell and Eli Green.

Career
In the late 1950s Kimbrough began playing the guitar in his own style, using mid-tempo rhythms and a steady drone played with his thumb on the bass strings. This style would later be cited as a prime example of hill country blues. His music is characterized by the tricky syncopation between his droning bass strings and his midrange melodies. His soloing style has been described as modal and features languorous runs in the middle and upper registers. The result was described by music critic Robert Palmer as "hypnotic". In solo and ensemble settings it is often polyrhythmic, which links it to the music of Africa. North Mississippi bluesman and former Kimbrough bassist Eric Deaton suggested similarities between Kimbrough's music and that of Fulani musicians such as Ali Farka Touré. The music journalist Tony Russell wrote that "his raw, repetitive style suggests an archaic forebear of John Lee Hooker, a character his music shares with that of fellow North Mississippian R. L. Burnside".

In 1966, Kimbrough traveled to Memphis, Tennessee, to record for Goldwax Records, owned by the R&B and gospel producer Quinton Claunch. Claunch was a founder of Hi Records and is known as the man who gave James Carr and O.V. Wright their starts. Kimbrough recorded one session at American Studios. Claunch declined to release the recordings, deeming them too country. Some forty years later, Bruce Watson, of Big Legal Mess Records, approached Claunch to buy the original master tapes and the rights to release the recordings made that day. These songs were released by Big Legal Mess Records in 2009 as First Recordings.

Kimbrough's debut release was a cover version of Lowell Fulson's "Tramp" issued as a single on the independent label Philwood in 1967. On the label of the record his name was spelled incorrectly as Junior Kimbell, and the song "Tramp" was listed as "Tram?" The B-side was "You Can't Leave Me". Among his other early recordings are two duets with his childhood friend Charlie Feathers in 1969. Feathers counted Kimbrough as an early influence; Kimbrough gave Feathers some of his earliest lessons on the guitar.

Kimbrough recorded little in the 1970s, contributing an early version of "Meet Me in the City" to a European blues anthology. With his band, the Soul Blues Boys (then consisting of bassist George Scales and drummer Calvin Jackson), he recorded again in the 1980s for High Water, releasing a single in 1982 ("Keep Your Hands off Her" backed with "I Feel Good, Little Girl"). The label recorded a 1988 session with Kimbrough and the Soul Blues Boys (this time consisting of bassist Little Joe Ayers and drummer "Allabu Juju"), releasing it in 1997 with his 1982 single as Do the Rump! In 1987 Kimbrough made his New York debut at Lincoln Center.

He received notice after live footage of him playing "All Night Long" in one of his juke joints appeared in the film documentary Deep Blues: A Musical Pilgrimage to the Crossroads, directed by Robert Mugge and narrated by Robert Palmer. This performance was recorded in 1990, in the Chewalla Rib Shack, a juke joint he opened in that year east of Holly Springs to divert crowds from his packed house parties. Beginning around 1992, Kimbrough operated Junior's Place, a juke joint in Chulahoma, near Holly Springs, in a building previously used as a church.

Kimbrough came to national attention in 1992 with his debut album, All Night Long. Robert Palmer produced the album for Fat Possum, recording it in the Chulahoma joint, with Junior's son Kent "Kinney" Kimbrough (also known as Kenny Malone) on drums and R. L. Burnside's son Garry Burnside on bass guitar. The album featured many of his most celebrated songs, including the title track, the complexly melodic "Meet Me in the City," and "You Better Run", a harrowing ballad of attempted rape. All Night Long earned nearly unanimous praise from critics, receiving four stars in Rolling Stone. His joint in Chulahoma started to attract visitors from around the world, including members of U2, Keith Richards, and Iggy Pop. R. L. Burnside (who recorded for the same label) and the Burnside and Kimbrough families often collaborated on musical projects.

A second album for Fat Possum, Sad Days, Lonely Nights, followed in 1994. A video for the album's title track featured Kimbrough, Garry Burnside and Kent Kimbrough playing in Kimbrough's juke joint. The last album he recorded, Most Things Haven't Worked Out, was released by Fat Possum in 1997. Following his death in 1998, Fat Possum released two compilation albums of recordings Kimbrough made in the 1990s, God Knows I Tried (1998) and Meet Me in the City (1999). A greatest hits compilation, You Better Run: The Essential Junior Kimbrough, followed in 2002.

Personal life
Kimbrough died of a heart attack following a stroke in 1998 in Holly Springs, at the age of 67. According to Fat Possum Records, he was survived by 36 children. He is buried outside his family's church, the Kimbrough Chapel Missionary Baptist Church, near Holly Springs. The rockabilly musician Charlie Feathers, a friend of Kimbrough's, called him "the beginning and end of all music"; this tribute is written on Kimbrough's tombstone.

Legacy
Fat Possum also released a tribute album, Sunday Nights: The Songs of Junior Kimbrough, in 2005, which featured Iggy & The Stooges (Kimbrough once toured with frontman Iggy Pop), the Black Keys and Mark Lanegan. The Black Keys released the EP Chulahoma: The Songs of Junior Kimbrough as well as Delta Kream, both consisting of covers of Kimbrough's songs. Sweet Tea, by Buddy Guy, is another album that borrows heavily from Kimbrough. Richard Johnston, a Kimbrough protégé, keeps this musical tradition alive with one of Junior's sons, performing live on Beale Street, in Memphis.

His sons Kinney and David Malone Kimbrough, both musicians, kept Junior's Place, which continued to attract big crowds until it burned to the ground on April 6, 2000. , David Malone Kimbrough had a string of company- and self-published solo releases,  Kent Kimbrough had one (beside sideman work), and the two have played together with their brother Robert as the Kimbrough Brothers.

Album discography

 * First Recordings (recorded in 1966, released in 2009)
 * All Night Long (1992)
 * Sad Days, Lonely Nights (1993, released 1994))
 * Do the Rump! (1997)
 * Most Things Haven't Worked Out (1997)
 * God Knows I Tried (1998)
 * Meet Me in the City (1999)
 * You Better Run: The Essential Junior Kimbrough (2002)
 * Introducing Junior Kimbrough  (2021)

Tribute albums

 * Sunday Nights: The Songs of Junior Kimbrough (2005)
 * The Black Keys, Chulahoma: The Songs of Junior Kimbrough (2006)

Films

 * Deep Blues: A Musical Pilgrimage to the Crossroads (1992)
 * You See Me Laughin': The Last of the Hill Country Bluesmen (2003), released by Fat Possum Records, 2005

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Junior Kimbrough


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Tom Colley

Thomas Lewis Colley (August 21, 1953 – November 17, 2021) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He played one game in the National Hockey League, with the Minnesota North Stars on March 12, 1975. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1973 to 1986, was spent in the minor leagues. Colley's son, Kevin, also played in the NHL.

Playing career
As a youth, Colley played in the 1966 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Toronto Weston minor ice hockey team.

Born in Toronto, Ontario, Colley played junior hockey for the Niagara Falls Flyers and the Sudbury Wolves, scoring 117 points including 81 assists. Colley was drafted 57th overall by the Minnesota North Stars in the 1973 NHL Amateur Draft and 38th overall by the New England Whalers in the 1973 WHA Amateur Draft. Like most WHA draftees, Colley chose to report to the NHL and signed with the North Stars, playing one game for the North Stars during the 1974-75 NHL season. He was assigned to the New Haven Nighthawks of the American Hockey League and spent a total of seven seasons with the team, helping them to two division titles in 1979 and 1980 as well as the regular season title in 1980. He also made the Calder Cup finals three times with the Nighthawks, in 1975 losing to the Springfield Indians and in 1978 and 1979, losing to the Maine Mariners on both occasions. He is the Nighthawks' all-time leader in goals (204), assists (281), points (485) and games (534).

In 1980, Colley spent a season with the Binghamton Whalers before spending the next five seasons playing senior hockey for the Collingwood Royals. He retired as a player in 1986. Colley died on November 17, 2021.

title: Tom Colley


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sdrg

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – Rich Farmbrough 20:03, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Sdrg
Not notable DarbyAsh 06:50, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per nomination. - DarbyAsh 06:50, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sdrg


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Peoples Host

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – Rich Farmbrough 20:03, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

The Peoples Host
Non-notable web host. -- Kjkolb 06:50, 1 October 2005 (UTC) so please don't put your fingers in something u have no clue about first learn about it and it's not that everything is on the internet well if u wan to see the proof why don't you call BRANKO CIKATIC OR PRESIDENT OF IAMTF FEDERATION AND ASK? so learn something now "IF IT'S NOT IN THE GOOGLE IT DOESN'T MEAN IT'S NOT REAL"
 * Delete a web-hosting company should certainly manage more than 35 unique Google hits Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 12:32, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative

The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) is a Norwegian-based organization that seeks to establish a global standard for the good governance of oil, gas and mineral resources. It seeks to address the key governance issues in the extractive sectors.

The EITI Standard requires information along the extractive industry value chain from the point of extraction, to how the revenue makes its way through the government and its contribution to the economy. This includes how licenses and contracts are allocated and registered, who the beneficial owners of those operations are, what the fiscal and legal arrangements are, how much is produced, how much is paid, where the revenue is allocated, and its contributions to the economy, including employment.

The EITI Standard is implemented in 55 countries around the world. Each of these countries is required to publish an annual EITI Report to disclosing information on: contracts and licenses, production, revenue collection, revenue allocation, and social and economic spending.

Every country goes through a quality-assurance mechanism, called Validation, at least every three years. Validation serves to assess performance towards meeting the EITI Standard and promote dialogue and learning at the country level. It also safeguards the integrity of the EITI by holding all EITI implementing countries to the same global standard.

Each implementing country has its own national secretariat and multi-stakeholder group made up of representatives from the country's government, extractive companies and civil society. The multi-stakeholder group takes decisions on how the EITI process is carried out in the country.

The EITI Standard is developed and overseen by an international multi-stakeholder Board, consisting of representatives from governments, extractives companies, civil society organisations, financial institutions and international organisations.

The current Chair of the EITI Board is Helen Clark, Former Prime Minister of New Zealand and former UNDP Administrator. The previous chairs have been Fredrik Reinfeldt, former Prime Minister of Sweden, Clare Short (2011-2016), former UK Secretary of State for International Development and Peter Eigen (2009-2011). The EITI International Secretariat is located in Oslo, Norway and is headed by Mark Robinson.

History
The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) was first launched in September 2002 by the then UK Prime Minister, Tony Blair during the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, following years of academic debate, as well as lobbying by civil societies and companies, on the management of government revenues from the extractive industries. In particular, the EITI was established to be an answer to public discussions on the “Resource Curse” or the “Paradox of Plenty”. NGOs such as Global Witness and “Publish What You Pay”, as well as companies such as BP pushed the UK government to working towards an international transparency norm.

The organisation was founded at a conference in London in 2003. The 140 delegates from government, companies and civil society agreed on twelve principles to increase transparency over payments and revenues in the extractive sector. A pilot phase of the EITI was launched in Nigeria, Azerbaijan, Ghana and the Kyrgyz Republic. The management of the Initiative continued to lay with the UK Department for International Development.

The second EITI Conference on 17 March 2005 in London established six criteria based on the principles. These set out the minimum requirements for transparency in the management of resources in the oil, gas and mining sectors, laying the foundation for a rule-based organisation. This conference also established an international advisory group (IAG) under the Chairmanship of Peter Eigen to further guide the work of how the EITI is to be set up and function. More countries, companies and civil-society organisations joined the initiative. The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank endorsed the EITI.

The report issued in June 2006 by the international advisory group recommended the establishment of a multi-stakeholder board and an independent secretariat, and these were set in place at the third EITI conference held in Oslo, Norway on 11 October 2006. Oslo was chosen as the new location for the secretariat.

In the following years the body further fleshed out the criteria, turning them into a set of 23 requirements, known as the EITI Rules in 2011.

The EITI Standard replaced the EITI Rules on 24 May 2013. The Standard was revised in February 2016.

Structure and funding
The EITI is organised as a non-profit association under Norwegian law. It has three institutional bodies: The Members’ Meeting, the EITI Board, and the International Secretariat. The Members’ Meeting governs the EITI and convenes alongside the EITI global conferences, which are held every two to three years.

The board develops the Standard and assesses the progress of the countries. It is supported by the international secretariat, located in Oslo, Norway. The EITI Board meets between two and four times a year and is composed of three groups: countries, companies and civil society. The membership of the Board reflects the multi-stakeholder nature of the EITI. The EITI Board has eight committees (audit, finance, governance and oversight, implementation, nominations, outreach and candidature, rapid response and Validation) to develop recommendations to the full board.

The funding of the EITI is two-fold. At the country level, implementation is funded by the governments. At the international level, the EITI is funded by implementing countries, supporting governments and companies.

Member countries
Any country with extractive industry sectors can adhere to the EITI Standard. Countries implementing the transparency standard include OECD states such as Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States as well as countries in Africa, Central and East Asia, Europe, and Latin America and the Caribbean.

When a country intends to join the EITI Standard, it is required to undertake five sign-up steps before applying.

These steps relate to a clear commitment of the government, company and civil society engagement, the establishment of a multi-stakeholder group and agreement on a work plan, which sets out what the country wants to achieve within a certain time frame.

Once the application of the country has been accepted by the board, the country is called an “EITI candidate”. The candidate receives the deadlines for publishing information and undergoes “Validation” two and a half years later.

The result of Validation is a measure of how well the country is progressing to meet the requirements of the standard. It can make satisfactory, meaningful, inadequate or no progress. The EITI board will ask the country to improve aspects which Validation deemed insufficient to fulfil the standard. An overview of Validation results is available online.

When a candidate country passes EITI Validation, it is declared “EITI compliant” by the Board.

, 57 countries are implementing the EITI: • Afghanistan

• Albania

• Angola

• Argentina

• Burkina Faso

• Cameroon

• Central African Republic (suspended)

• Chad

• Colombia

• Côte d'Ivoire

• Democratic Republic of Congo

• Dominican Republic

• Ecuador

• Ethiopia

• Gabon

• Germany

• Ghana

• Guatemala

• Guinea

• Guyana

• Honduras

• Indonesia

• Iraq

• Kazakhstan

• Kyrgyz Republic

• Liberia

• Madagascar

• Malawi

• Mali

• Mauritania

• Mexico

• Mongolia

• Myanmar

• Mozambique

• Myanmar

• Netherlands

• Niger

• Nigeria

• Norway

• Papua New Guinea

• Peru

• Philippines

• Republic of the Congo

• Sao Tome and Principe

• Senegal

• Seychelles

• Sierra Leone

• Suriname

• Tajikistan

• Tanzania

• Timor-Leste

• Togo

• Trinidad and Tobago

• Uganda

• Ukraine

• United Kingdom

• Zambia

Other countries, such as Lebanon, France and Australia have shown interest in implementing the EITI.

Impact of the EITI
The EITI has made significant contributions to improved governance of the extractive sector in several countries around the world. In countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the EITI has been central to many reforms of the sector. At the international level, debates on transparency in the sector are unrecognisable from ten years ago, and the EITI is seen as being at the forefront of many frontier debates including beneficial ownership, commodity trading, and artisanal and small-scale mining.

It is also clear that the EITI process is one of the only functioning global mechanisms to inform and channel debate in resource-rich countries in a way that includes all stakeholders. In Peru, EITI Reports have highlighted that, only about 15% of revenues from the mining and hydrocarbon sector has been used for developmental spending, such as infrastructure or economic diversification. The rest has been spent on current expenditures such as salaries and servicing debts. Local citizens are using this information to engage with their regional authorities on alternative ways to spend these resources.

EITI Reports make recommendations aimed at addressing weaknesses in government systems and improving extractive sector management. In Nigeria, President Buhari has initiated major reforms in the oil sector, starting with restructuring the national oil company, a review of oil contracts, an pause in the awarding of the notorious oil swap deals, and a review of subsidy arrangements. These were all recommendations from Nigeria EITI Reports.

Furthermore, the EITI can lead to higher attractiveness for investments. There is “mounting evidence that information release supports greater competition around government contracting and that being an EITI signatory leads to greater inflows of both aid and foreign direct investment”.

Supporting companies
, 68 oil, gas and mining companies, financial institutions and commodity traders support the EITI. Supporting companies publicly endorse the EITI and contribute to covering the cost of the international secretariat of the EITI.

Extractive companies are involved on the national level in countries implementing the transparency standard. They are part of the stakeholders and are required to hand over numbers on payments as part of the reporting process under the EITI standard. Company advocacy has resulted in several countries beginning EITI implementation.

Criticism
Campaigning organisations have criticised the organisation for the lack of sanction possibilities. On the other hand, business representatives have commented that the EITI board is captured by civil society organisations. The EITI has been seen as insufficient to bring full transparency to payments in the extractive industries, since it does not cover countries active in commodity trading. This has since been addressed by new requirements of the EITI standard.

The body's credibility was questioned after it permitted an Ethiopian application for membership in 2014.

EITI has also been criticised for ignoring the violations of human rights in Azerbaijan, and for not reacting sufficiently strongly to the harassment of Azerbaijani civil society groups that are part of EITI's multi-stakeholder approach. On the other hand, the EITI has been criticised by an international lending institution for shifting its mandate beyond the promotion of transparency.

The EITI has been criticised in the EU debates on country by country reporting because governments (as opposed to corporations) need to publish the payments. These governments can erode the EITI rules because they can decide autonomously on the threshold size of payments and company operations that do not need to be published.


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Les Colvin

Leslie Charles Colvin (February 8, 1919 – September 7, 2006) was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender who played in one National Hockey League game for the Boston Bruins during the 1948–49 season, on January 22, 1949 against the Montreal Canadiens. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1939 to 1953, was spent in various minor leagues.

title: Les Colvin


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Tropaeolum peregrinum

Tropaeolum peregrinum, the canary-creeper, canarybird flower, canarybird vine, or canary nasturtium,  is a species of Tropaeolum native to western South America in Peru and possibly also Ecuador.

Description
It is a climbing plant growing to 2.5 m high by scrambling over other vegetation. The leaves are 2–5 cm diameter, palmately lobed with three to seven (mostly five) lobes; they are subpeltate, with the petiole attached within the leaf (not at the edge), though near the edge.

The flowers are 2–4 cm diameter, with five frilled petals, bright pale yellow (canary-coloured, hence the English name), often with red spots at the base of the petals, eight stamens, and a 12 mm nectar spur at the rear.

Cultivation
It is a frost-tender perennial widely grown as an annual ornamental plant in cool temperate parts of the world.

title: Tropaeolum peregrinum


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Roger Cormier

Joseph Arthur Roger Cormier (March 23, 1905 – February 9, 1971) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played one game in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Canadiens during the 1925–26 season, on January 16, 1926 against the Montreal Maroons. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1924 to 1940, was spent in the minor leagues.

title: Roger Cormier


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Canary creeper

Canary creeper may refer to:

 * Senecio tamoides, a South African vine
 * Tropaeolum peregrinum, a South American vine

title: Canary creeper


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The St. Petersburg Times (Russia)

The St. Petersburg Times was a weekly newspaper issued in St. Petersburg, Russia. It served the expatriate community, tourists, and Russians interested in an international perspective on local and world affairs. Publication began in May 1993, and was suspended on 24 December 2014. The editorial staff tweeted that the situation was connected with the economic crisis in Russia and current legislative environment.

The newspaper, and its sister The Moscow Times, which continues to be published, were published by Finnish Sanoma Oyj, publisher of Helsingin Sanomat in Helsinki.

History
The newspaper was founded by New Zealand writer Lloyd Donaldson (7 November 1963 – 26 of June 2010) and Russian novice entrepreneur Gregory Kunis. In 1992, they founded the publishing house Cornerstone. In May 1993 the publishing house has released the first issue of the newspaper The St. Petersburg Press. The newspaper adopted its later name in 1996, when it was sold to Sanoma.

The paper temporarily suspended publication after December 2014 due to worsening economic conditions in Russia and the staff were given paid leave in January 2015. The last editor, Simon Patterson, said that the website would continue to function. The website stayed up until March 2015, after which it was usurped by The Moscow Times.

title: The St. Petersburg Times (Russia)


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Stuart Margolin

Stuart Margolin (January 31, 1940 – December 12, 2022) was an American film, theater, and television actor and director who won two Emmy Awards for playing Evelyn "Angel" Martin on the 1970s television series The Rockford Files. In 1973, he appeared on Gunsmoke as an outlaw. The next year he played an important role in Death Wish, giving Charles Bronson his first gun. In 1981, Margolin portrayed the character of Philo Sandeen in a recurring role as a Native American tracker in the 1981–1982 television series, Bret Maverick.

Early life
Margolin was born January 31, 1940, in Davenport, Iowa, to Morris and Gertrude Kalina Margolin but spent much of his childhood in Dallas, Texas, where he learned to golf.

Margolin stated that he led a "hoodlum" childhood, was kicked out of Texas public schools, and was sent by his parents to a boarding school in Tennessee. While he attended that school, his family moved to Scottsdale, Arizona. When Margolin was released from reform school and moved back with his family, he decided to move back, on his own, to see his friends in Dallas. His parents made arrangements for him to attend a private school there.

Television and film
Margolin played the recurring character Evelyn "Angel" Martin, the shifty friend and former jailmate of Jim Rockford (James Garner) on The Rockford Files, whose various cons and schemes usually got Rockford in hot water. Margolin was earlier paired with Garner in the Western series Nichols (1971–72), in which he played a character somewhat similar to the Angel character in The Rockford Files. That show lasted for only one season.

At times Rockford would pay Angel to "hit the streets" and discover information that would help solve a case. Margolin won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for this role, in 1979 and 1980; he is one of only five actors to win this award twice for the same role.

In 1969, Margolin wrote and co-produced The Ballad of Andy Crocker, an ABC television movie that was one of the first films to deal with the subject matter of Vietnam veterans "coming home". He also co-wrote the title song and had an uncredited cameo in the film. Margolin had an uncredited role as the Station Wagon Driver in Heroes, another story about Vietnam veterans dealing with what we now refer to as PTSD.

Margolin played Rabbi David Small in the 1976 movie, Lanigan's Rabbi, based on the series of mystery novels written by Harry Kemelman. Scheduling conflicts prevented him from continuing the role in the short-lived TV series of the same name that aired in 1977 as part of The NBC Sunday Mystery Movie, in which the character was played by actor Bruce Solomon.

Margolin appeared in episodes of the television series M*A*S*H ("Bananas, Crackers and Nuts" and "Operation Noselift"); The Partridge Family ("Go Directly to Jail" and "A Penny for His Thoughts"); That Girl; The Mary Tyler Moore Show; Rhoda; Land of the Giants; Twelve O'Clock High; The Monkees; Love, American Style (in which he was a member of the Love American Style Players; his brother Arnold Margolin was the executive producer of the series); The Fall Guy; Magnum, P.I.; Hill Street Blues (as bookmaker Andy Sedita in the consecutive episodes "Hacked to Pieces" and "Seoul on Ice"); and Touched by an Angel. In May 2009, Margolin appeared on an episode of 30 Rock, opposite Alan Alda; it was the first time the two actors appeared together since Margolin's appearance on M*A*S*H in 1974.

In Canada, Margolin appeared in the 2009 CTV/CBS police drama series The Bridge. Margolin appeared as bail jumper Stanley Wescott in the episode "The Overpass" (Season 5 Episode 2; 2013) of the Canadian CBC Television series Republic of Doyle, which itself was inspired by The Rockford Files. While not a wholesale recreation of the Angel Martin character, the Stanley Wescott role sported many similar attributes. The episode also featured Margolin's stepson, Max Martini, in the role of Big Charlie Archer.

Margolin appeared in such feature films including Kelly's Heroes, Death Wish, Futureworld, The Big Bus, and S.O.B.

Directing
Margolin directed TV shows since the early 1970s, including episodes of The Mary Tyler Moore Show; Sara; The Love Boat; Magnum, P.I.; Bret Maverick; Quantum Leap; Wonder Woman; and Northern Exposure.

In addition to acting in the original and 1990s TV movie versions of The Rockford Files, Margolin also directed some episodes: "Dirty Money, Black Light" (1977), "Caledonia – It's Worth a Fortune!" (1974), "The Rockford Files: Friends and Foul Play" (1996), "The Rockford Files: If It Bleeds... It Leads" (1998).

He won the 1996 DGA Award for children's programming for directing the film Salt Water Moose, and he was nominated again for the same award for directing the 1998 film, The Sweetest Gift. He was also nominated for a DGA Award for drama series direction for a 1991 episode of Northern Exposure entitled "Goodbye to All That". He directed, co-starred and scored The Glitter Dome (1984) for HBO Pictures.

Other
Margolin wrote several songs for and with longtime friend and singer-songwriter Jerry Riopelle that have appeared on Riopelle's albums since 1967. Margolin was first associated with Riopelle's late 1960s band the Parade, co-writing many of their songs and playing percussion on various tracks. He and Riopelle (along with Shango member Tommy Reynolds) co-wrote Shango's 1969 Caribbean-flavored novelty record "Day After Day (It's Slippin' Away)", which hit No. 57 on the U.S. charts and No. 39 in Canada.

Margolin had tracks he co-wrote covered by R. B. Greaves and Gary Lewis and the Playboys in 1968–69. Margolin's frequent songwriting partner Jerry Riopelle established a long-running solo career beginning in 1971; Riopelle released 8 albums between 1971 and 1982, every one of which contained at least one song (often more) written or co-written by Margolin. In turn, Margolin released a solo album in 1980, And the Angel Sings, which featured his interpretations of a number of Margolin and/or Riopelle compositions previously recorded by Riopelle.

Starting in 2004, he was a regular participant in the theater program of the Chautauqua Institution.

Personal life and death
He married Patricia Dunne Martini in 1982. He had three stepchildren: actor Max Martini, costume designer Michelle Martini and editor/ producer/ director Christopher Martini.

He was the younger brother of Emmy-winning director/producer/writer Arnold Margolin, both of them lived in Lewisburg, West Virginia, and acted together there in a professional community theater production of Laughter on the 23rd Floor.

Margolin had frequently been misidentified as the brother of actress Janet Margolin (1943–1993); the two were not related, although they appeared together as husband and wife in the pilot for the 1977 TV series Lanigan's Rabbi.

Margolin, his wife and stepchildren lived on Salt Spring Island in British Columbia, Canada for twenty two years.

According to stepdaughter Michelle Martini, Margolin had been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer a decade earlier. He died in Staunton, Virginia, on December 12, 2022.

Selected filmography
Films
 * Women of the Prehistoric Planet (1966) – Chief
 * Don't Just Stand There! (1968) – Remy
 * The Gamblers (1970) – Goldy
 * Kelly's Heroes (1970) – Little Joe
 * Limbo (1972) – Phil Garrett
 * The Stone Killer (1973) – Lawrence
 * Death Wish (1974) – Ames Jainchill
 * The California Kid (1974, TV Movie) – Deputy
 * The Gambler (1974) – Cowboy
 * The Big Bus (1976) – Alex
 * Futureworld (1976) – Harry
 * Heroes (1977) – Motorist at Garage (uncredited)
 * Days of Heaven (1978) – Mill Foreman
 * S.O.B. (1981) – Gary Murdock
 * Class (1983) – Balaban
 * A Killer in the Family (1983, TV Movie) – Randy Greenawalt
 * Running Hot (1984) – Officer Trent
 * The Glitter Dome (1984, TV Movie) – Herman Sinclair
 * A Fine Mess (1986) – Maurice 'Binky' Drundza
 * Iron Eagle II (1988) – Gen. Stillmore
 * Bye Bye Blues (1989) – Slim Godfrey
 * Deep Sleep (1990) – Bob
 * Guilty by Suspicion (1991) – Abe Barron
 * Impolite (1992) – I.M. Penner
 * The Lay of the Land (1997) – Carmine Ficcone
 * The Hi-Line (1999) – Clyde Johnson
 * The Hoax (2006) – Martin Ackerman
 * Arbitrage (2012) – Syd Felder
 * The Discoverers (2012) – Stanley Birch
 * The Second Time Around (2016) – Isaac
 * Sgt. Will Gardner (2019) – Mr. Glenn
 * What the Night Can Do (2020) – Hugh Dryer

Television (acting)
 * The Gertrude Berg Show – Lester Wexler – Episode "Lonely Sunday" (1961)
 * Ensign O'Toole – Lt. Miller – 4 episodes (1962)
 * The Lieutenant – Cpl. Merle Purveau – Episode "A Very Private Affair" (1963)
 * Burke's Law – Young Man – Episode "Who Killed Sweet Betsy?" (1963)
 * Channing – 2 episodes (1963/1964)
 * The Fugitive – Jimmy – Episode "The End Game" (1964)
 * Twelve O'Clock High (TV series) – "Mutiny at Ten Thousand Feet" (1965)
 * Gunsmoke – “The Storm” (S11E2) - Hays City Sheriff (1965)
 * Occasional Wife – Bernie Kramer (1966/1967)
 * The Virginian – Abe Yeager (1967)
 * That Girl – Dr. Phillip L. Priddy / Leonard Stanley / Talley (1968)
 * It Takes a Thief – Sagalis / Dimitri Stavro / Prison Chaplain (1968)
 * The Monkees (1968) – Captain in S2:E17, "Monkees Watch Their Feet
 * Love, American Style (1969) – "Love and the Comedy Team"
 * Bewitched (1968) — “A Prince of a Guy”
 * The Partridge Family – Hank; Snake (1970/1972)
 * Nichols (1971–1972) – Mitch
 * The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1973) – Warren Sturgis – Episode "Romeo and Mary"
 * Cannon (1973) – Roger Henry – Episode "Press Pass to the Slammer"
 * Gunsmoke – Brownie (1974)
 * Rhoda – Dr. Arthur Alborn - Episode "If You Want to Shoot the Rapids, You Have to Get Wet" (1975)
 * M*A*S*H
 * Season 1 (1972): 'Bananas, Crackers and Nuts' – Capt. Phillip Sherman
 * Season 2 (1973): 'Operation Noselift' – Major Stanley "Stosh" Robbins
 * The Rockford Files – Evelyn "Angel" Martin (1974–1979)
 * Bret Maverick (1981) – Philo Sandeen
 * Magnum P.I – Rod Crysler – Episode "...by its cover"'' (1983)
 * Hill Street Blues – Andy Sedita – Season 6 episodes "Hacked to Pieces" and "Seoul on Ice" (1985)
 * Mom P.I. (1990–1992) – Bernie Fox
 * Matlock – Nelson Adelson – Episodes – The Evening News parts 1 and 2 (1992)
 * Stone Undercover – Jack Welsh – 26 episodes (2002–2004)
 * Intelligence (2006) – Flannegan – Recurring
 * 30 Rock (2009) – Fred
 * Republic of Doyle – Stanley Westcott (2013)
 * NCIS – Felix Betts (2014)
 * The X-Files – Dr. They (2018) Episode "The Lost Art of Forehead Sweat"

title: Stuart Margolin


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Kesmai

Kesmai was a pioneering game developer and online game publisher, founded in 1981 by Kelton Flinn and John Taylor. The company was best known for the combat flight sim Air Warrior on the GEnie online service, one of the first graphical MMOGs, launched in 1987. They also developed an ASCII-based MUD, Island of Kesmai, and empire building game, MegaWars III, which ran on CompuServe, and later, GEnie.

The company was acquired by Rupert Murdoch's News Corp. in 1994. The company continued to develop massively multiplayer games such as Air Warrior 2 and Legends of Kesmai. They distributed their games through AOL and eventually a new gaming service formed with three other publishers, GameStorm.

AOL purchased CompuServe in 1997 and retooled its AOL Games Channel in a way that placed Kesmai unfavorably compared to its own games division, WorldPlay. Kesmai sued AOL for monopolistic practices. The suit was settled out of court with undisclosed terms.

In 1999, the company was sold to Electronic Arts, and the company's studios were subsequently closed in 2001. Upon closure a number of the Kesmai staff went to work for Lodestone Games, also located in Charlottesville, Virginia; while others remained in the former Kesmai offices but became part of EA.com and later Maxis East.

Flinn selected the name Kesmai from a set of names that were output by a random name generator that he wrote for in-game use.

title: Kesmai


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WRMI

WRMI (Radio Miami International) is a shortwave radio station broadcasting from Okeechobee, Florida, United States. WRMI is a commercial radio station that sells airtime to businesses and organizations.

Programming
WRMI relays several international news stations including Radio Ukraine International, Radio Slovakia International, Radio Tirana, Radio France International, Famagusta Gazette Radio, Radio Prague, the Italian Broadcasting Corporation, NHK World Radio Japan, Radio Taiwan International, and Radiodifusión Argentina al Exterior, all of which, except for the last, would otherwise be difficult to receive in the Western Hemisphere. It also features headline news stories from the Voice of America, several religious programs (particularly those of Brother Stair and Ching Hai), as well as original and syndicated programs. According to its 1996 station record from the Federal Communications Commission, WRMI's broadcast target zones were the Caribbean, Central America and South America. In particular, much of its programming was targeted towards Cuba. With the addition of the former WYFR transmitters, WRMI had 14 transmitters with 23 antennas targeting many zones worldwide in 2016. Its broadcasts are also easily received in the United States and Canada. WRMI airs programs in English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian, Ukrainian, Russian and Slovak. Since March 2022, WRMI has targeted daily native language programming to Ukraine and Russia regarding the on-going Russian invasion of Ukraine.

WRMI Legends
In November 2022, WRMI added an evening block of personality oldies programming that had previously been aired on WTWW in Lebanon, Tennessee. The block, branded as "WRMI Legends," was forced off WTWW when that station shut down due to a number of factors earlier that month. WRMI Legends has operated on the 5050 kHz frequency, vacated by WWRB following the January 2022 death of its owner, since February 2023. WRMI Legends, like WTWW before it, largely targets a North American and European audience of DXers and Amateur Radio enthusiasts. The WRMI Legends programming block also carries “Ria’s Ham Shack,” an amateur radio focused talk show hosted by Ria Jairam, N2RJ, Sundays at 8PM Central. Jairam’s show was previously broadcast on Saturdays on WTWW.

Mighty KBC
In January 2023, WRMI absorbed another block of personality music programming from German/Dutch shortwave broadcaster The Mighty KBC Radio, which was forced to suspend operations due to an energy crisis in Europe.

History
The station began broadcasting on June 14, 1994, with a 50,000-watt transmitter and two antennas located near Miami, Florida. In December 2013, they purchased the WYFR transmission complex from Family Radio in Okeechobee, Florida. This new facility includes a dozen 100,000-watt transmitters plus two 50,000-watt transmitters and several antennas to cover all parts of the world.

Frequencies
WRMI currently, as of April 2024, broadcasts on the following frequencies in the following directions:

title: WRMI


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Desi Anwar

Desi Anwar (born 11 December 1962, in Bandung, West Java) is an Indonesian news presenter. She worked for RCTI in Jakarta from 1990 to 1999. She then moved to news web portal Astaga.com before returning to television and joining Indonesia's first 24-hour television news network, Metro TV, in 2001. In 2015, she joined CNN Indonesia and is currently hosting Insight with Desi Anwar.

Education
Desi Anwar holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in French and European Studies from the University of Sussex, England, and a Master of Arts degree in Indonesian and Malay Studies from SOAS, University of London.

Anwar was a Jefferson Fellow at the East-West Center, Honolulu, USA, in 1999.

She speaks Indonesian, English and French.

Anwar was recognised for her contributions to society and honoured for her achievements at the 2013 graduation ceremonies of SOAS, University of London becoming an Honorary Fellow.

Writing
Anwar has been a columnist for The Indonesian Observer, Tempo magazine and The Jakarta Globe. She is the author of several non-fiction books and a book of short stories.

Books

 * A Simple Life (2014). A collection of musings and anecdotes.
 * Faces & Places (2016). A collection of travel writing.
 * 148 Tips for Life: Everyday Wisdom for a Happy, Healthy and Balanced Life (2016) A self-help book.
 * Being Indonesian (2017). A collection of columns from 1997 to 2007
 * Growing Pain: Five Stories, Five Lives (2018). Five short stories about young people facing struggles in life.
 * Going Offline: Finding yourself in a life full of distractions (2019)

title: Desi Anwar


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File:Tales of Rebirth (game box art).jpg

Summary
Tales of Rebirth cover art by Namco (2004).

Fair use rationale
This image, "Torcover.jpg", is believed to be covered by fair use laws for inclusion in the Wikipedia article Tales of Rebirth because: Copyright retained by Namco Bandai Holdings.
 * 1) No free or public domain images have been released for the Tales series.
 * 2) The image does not limit Namco's rights to distribute any current or future entry in the Tales series.
 * 3) The image is being used for informational purposes only, and its use is not believed to detract from Tales of Rebirth.
 * 4) The content of the Tales of Rebirth article could not provided without this image.
 * 5) The image is being used purely to illustrate an aspect of the article Tales of Rebirth, specifically the artistic style employed in the game.


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Kurt Stillwell

Kurt Andrew Stillwell (born June 4, 1965) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) infielder. He played for the Cincinnati Reds, San Diego Padres, Kansas City Royals, California Angels and Texas Rangers from 1986 to 1993 and in 1996.

Biography
Stillwell was born in Glendale, California. He attended Thousand Oaks High School in Thousand Oaks, California, graduating in 1983. The Cincinnati Reds selected Stillwell with the second pick in that year's MLB draft.

Stillwell was selected to the American League All-Star team in 1988 as a member of the Royals. After his playing career, he became a fishing guide and later worked as an advisor to the Scott Boras Corporation. Stillwell's father, infielder Ron Stillwell, played for the Washington Senators in 1961 and 1962.

title: Kurt Stillwell


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Jess Harnell

Jess Harnell (born December 23, 1963 ) is an American voice actor. His roles include Wakko Warner in Animaniacs, Captain Hero in Drawn Together, Jerry in the first two seasons of Totally Spies!, Ironhide in the first three Transformers films directed by Michael Bay, the titular character in the Crash Bandicoot franchise, and Wooton Bassett in Adventures in Odyssey. Harnell has also been the announcer for America's Funniest Home Videos since 1998.

Early life
Harnell was born on December 23, 1963, at Englewood Hospital and Medical Center in Englewood, New Jersey, and grew up in nearby Teaneck, the son of Joe Harnell (a jazz composer) and his wife Alice.

Career
In 1989, Harnell provided the voices of Br'er Rabbit and many other critters for the Splash Mountain attraction at Disneyland Park. Harnell also recorded some new character dialogue for the subsequent Walt Disney World version of the attraction. He has continued to reprise the role of Brer Rabbit in new Disney projects when needed, such as in the 2011 video game Kinect: Disneyland Adventures.

In 1990, Harnell served as a casting director on DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp. In 1993, he went on to voice Wakko Warner on Animaniacs and Secret Squirrel on 2 Stupid Dogs. That same year, he became the singing voice of father in the current version of Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress. From 1994 to 1996, he supplied the voices of Sewer Urchin, the Human Bullet and Chief Louder in the animated series The Tick.

Also, in 1996, Harnell voiced Hunter in Road Rovers. One of Harnell's next appearances was as the principal stormtrooper in the 1997 Star Wars fan film Troops, a parody of Cops set in the Star Wars expanded universe. Harnell voiced Rudy's father, Joe Tabootie and Chalk Dad on the Nickelodeon show ChalkZone, Crash Bandicoot in Crash Tag Team Racing, Crash of the Titans, Crash: Mind over Mutant, and Crash Bandicoot N Sane Trilogy, Lo-Lo in Crash Bandicoot: The Wrath of Cortex, Rodney Copperbottom in the Robots video game, Spyro the Dragon in Spyro: A Hero's Tail and Spyro: Shadow Legacy, Marlin, Bruce and Crazy Drivers in the Finding Nemo video game, Jerry in the first two seasons of Totally Spies!, Linguni in Pucca and Dr. Finkelstein in The Nightmare Before Christmas' video game spin-offs, as well as in the Kingdom Hearts series. In 2005, he voiced Buzz Blister in Tom and Jerry: Blast Off to Mars and numerous other characters in subsequent Tom and Jerry features. He also voiced wild and energetic Cro-Magnon Doubledome from the Longhair and Doubledome cartoon shorts for Cartoon Network's Big Pick (also starring Daniel Davis as Longhair).

In 2001, Harnell was the singing voice of Buster on Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure. He also voiced Captain Hero on Comedy Central's animated comedy Drawn Together and he also does the voices of Wooton Bassett and Bennett Charles on the radio drama Adventures in Odyssey, as well as playing the lead role of Finnian Jones for the Lamplighter Theatre Radio Drama. He also made appearances on Superhuman Samurai Syber-Squad. His voice also made an appearance in NASCAR Rumble, and is credited for in-game commentary in the follow-up game Rumble Racing. Jess also replaced Brad Garrett as the voice of Fatso during season 3 of The Spooktacular New Adventures of Casper. He also guest starred in Samurai Jack as he voiced Ringo and a waitress in the episode "Jack Under the Sea". He also produced the 2004 film Comic Book: The Movie along with Billy West, Mark Hamill, Eric Mittleman, Scott Zakarin and Roger Rose as well as playing the character Ricky. In 2006, he worked as a voice director on Pet Alien. In 2007, he replaced Neil Flynn as the voice of The Plumber in Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction and Ratchet & Clank Future: A Crack in Time. He also voiced the Smuggler in that popular series.

In that same year, Harnell voiced the characters of Ironhide and Barricade in the Michael Bay-directed Transformers, making him the only voice actor to play both an Autobot (Ironhide) and a Decepticon (Barricade) in that film. He returned to voice Ironhide once again in Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen  and Transformers: Dark of the Moon as well as Barricade in Transformers: The Last Knight.

Harnell voiced a character in Up and replaced Brad Garrett as the voice of Professor Buffo in Special Agent Oso. He also voiced Flip Wreck, Blast Zone and Bucko in the Skylanders reboot of the franchise and Cowardly Lion and Reegull in Lego Dimensions. Harnell also provided the voice and singing voice of Cedric the Sorcerer from Sofia the First from 2013 to 2018.

Music career
Harnell released his only solo album, The Sound of Your Voice, in 1995. He is the lead vocalist in the pop/metal mashup rock band, Rock Sugar, which evolved from his previous band, Loud & Clear. With Loud & Clear or Rock Sugar, Harnell released five albums: Disc-Connected (2003), self-titled demo album (2007), Festival of Fire (2008), Reimaginator (2010), and Reinventinator (2021)

Personal life
On November 8, 2019, Harnell proposed to his girlfriend Cara Leanne, and the couple married on November 19.

title: Jess Harnell


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Signature (disambiguation)

A signature is a hand-written, possibly stylized, version of someone's name, which may be used to confirm the person's identity. The writer of a signature is a signatory or signer.

Signature or signatory may also refer to:

Businesses and organizations

 * Signature (charity), trading name of UK-based Council for the Advancement of Communication for Deaf People (CACDP)
 * Signature, a brand of the clothing company Levi Strauss & Co.
 * Signature (dance group) (born 1979), British Bhangra act in the 2008 series of the television show Britain's Got Talent
 * Signature (typography journal), a 20th-century journal published in Britain
 * Signature (whisky), a brand of Indian whisky

 * Signature Books, a publisher of Mormon works
 * Signature Digital Menus, a company specializing in the provision of digital menu boards
 * Signature Flight Support, a British fixed-base operator
 * Signatures Restaurant, a restaurant formerly owned by Washington lobbyist Jack Abramoff
 * Signature School, a charter school in Evansville, Indiana spanning grades 9–12
 * Signature Team, a French motor racing team
 * Signature Theatres, a movie theatre chain in California, Hawaii, and Montana operated by Regal Entertainment Group
 * Signatory Vintage Scotch Whisky Company, a Scottish company that owns the Edradour distillery

Computing

 * Signature block, text automatically appended at the bottom of an e-mail message, Usenet article, or forum post
 * Electronic signature, or e-signature, refers to data in electronic form, which is logically associated with other data in electronic form and which is used by the signatory to sign.
 * Signature file, a computer file containing signature data
 * File signature, data used to identify or verify the contents of a file
 * Type signature, which defines the inputs and outputs for a function or method

Cryptography

 * Blind signature, digital signature in which the content of a message is disguised
 * Digital signature (or public-key digital signature), a method for authenticating information
 * Digital Signature Algorithm, a United States Federal Government standard
 * Electronic signature, a signature imputed to a text via one or more of several electronic means, or cryptographic means to add non-repudiation and message integrity features to a document
 * ElGamal signature scheme, based on the difficulty of computing discrete logarithms
 * Key signature (cryptography), the result of applying a hash function on a key
 * XML Signature, a W3C recommendation that defines an XML syntax

Mathematics

 * Signature (logic), description of a set of function and relation symbols in mathematical logic
 * Signature (permutation), a measure for the number of pairs a permutation maps out of order
 * Signature (quadratic form), number of positive, negative, or null terms of a quadratic form
 * Signature (topology) of a 4k-dimensional compact oriented manifold
 * Signature of a knot, in knot theory
 * Prime signature, the multiset of exponents in the prime factorisation of a number
 * Signature (matrix), the difference of the positive and negative eigenvalues of a matrix
 * Metric signature of the metric tensor on a pseudo-Riemannian manifold

Music

 * Key signature, a series of sharp or flat symbols placed on the staff, designating notes that are to be played one semitone higher or lower
 * Signature (Moya Brennan album), a 2006 album by Irish musician Moya Brennan
 * Signature (Joe album)
 * Signature (Patrice Rushen album)
 * Signature, a 2021 EP album by the Filipino singer Morissette
 * Signature Records, a mid-20th century United States-based record label
 * Signature song, the one song that a popular and well-established artist is identified with
 * Time signature, a notational device used to specify how many beats are in each bar and which note value constitutes one beat

Science

 * Acoustic signature, a combination of acoustic emissions
 * Doctrine of signatures, the notion that the appearance of plants is a function of their celestial influences
 * Isotopic signature, a characteristic set of ratios of stable or unstable isotopes
 * Metric signature, in physics, refers to the form of a metric tensor: the sign of the diagonal components constitutes its "signature"
 * Signature change, in relativity
 * Radar cross-section
 * Spectral signature, the specific combination of reflected and absorbed electromagnetic (EM) radiation at varying wavelengths which can uniquely identify an object

Bookbinding

 * Signature (bookbinding), a group of sheets folded in half
 * Signature mark, a mark at the bottom of a gathering to assist the bookbinder in collation
 * An alternative word for section (bookbinding)

Other uses

 * Signature Bridge, over the Yamuna river, Delhi, India
 * Signature crime, a crime which exhibits characteristics unique to an offender's psychology
 * Signature Place, a residential skyscraper located in St. Petersburg, Florida

title: Signature (disambiguation)


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User:BlankVerse/adminship2

< User:BlankVerse/Other Subpages
 * originally posted to User talk:BD2412 04:00, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Although it would be very nice to have the rollback tool, the pages on my watch list get surprisingly little vandalism and spam. Even then it is almost never part of a large vandalism or spam run, so they are easy to clean up.

On the other hand, I have no interest right now in getting more involved in the tedious backstage maintenance work on the Wikipedia (other than trying to turn the California and Southern California WikiProjects into self-sustaining projects). I have not, and will never do RC patrol. I definitely will not wade into the middle of edit wars or article disputes. I don't want to get involved in speedy deletion work, and certainly don't want to deal with the dysfunctional AFD arena. In my opinion, if you accept a nomination for adminship, you are also volunteering to do your share of the shit work on the Wikipedia as well (although as far as I can tell, out of close to 600 admins most of the work is done less than 50 of them).

So I will keep doing my occasional vandal rollbacks by hand, I'll welcome some of the new editors that show up on my watchlist, and I will very occasionally deal with problem editors (User:Ronald20 is my current project).

Thank you for the offer, but for now I'd rather not get more involved in the Wikipedia bureaucracy. (Please note that I do admire and appreciate all those who are willing to do the Wikipedia scullery work.) Blank Verse  ∅  04:00, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Update 1 December 2005: With a larger watchlist I am seeing more vandalism, and so I am doing more manual rollbacks. It is becoming more tempting to become an admin just to have that rollback button. I still think, however, that everyone agreeing to become an admin should also be willing to do their fair share of the maintenance tasks on the Wikipedia. Blank Verse 08:34, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

Update 3 January 2007: I find that I am acting more and more like a Wikipedia admin, so not having the magic buttons sometimes is frustrating.

I am doing more than my share of vandalism reverts, as well as welcoming new editors. Anyone can do that, but I am often then adding advice for any new editors who I find have not been following Wikipedia's Policies and Guidelines in the hope that were misguided or hadn't learned the rules yet.

After reverting vandalism, I then follow through and check the editor's other contributions. If they have been repeat offenders, or if it had been problematic edits (spam, blatantvandal, etc), I then add warnings to the editor's user page. For anon IPs, I usually add sharedip and/or ipowner templates after doing an rDNS. What is especially frustrating for me is that I often see IPs that have had escalating warnings over a 2-3 day period, including vandal-bot warnings, and blatantvandal warnings, and so they are way overdue to be temporarily blocked.

I am also doing such admin-like efforts such as trying to stop edit wars, and counseling problematic editors. This will sometimes include warning editors over the consequences of their actions such as article page protection and temporary blocking of the editor. If the threat advice doesn't work, then I have to trudge off to WP:AN/3RR, WP:RFPP, or WP:AIV to get some administrator to actually do the necessary actions.

Another frustration is when I come across a spam run. The usual spamming for Southern California articles is 2-4 articles, so that's easy to do the old-fashion way. When it's 10-20 pages, then I have to report it, or find a friendly admin that I know is online. BlankVerse 05:19, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User:BlankVerse/adminship2


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Wayne Cowley

Wayne Robert Cowley (born December 4, 1964) is a Canadian-born British retired professional ice hockey goaltender who played in one game in the National Hockey League for the Edmonton Oilers during the 1993–94 season, on December 11, 1993, against the New Jersey Devils. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1988 to 2000, was mainly spent in the minor leagues, though he also played several years in the United Kingdom and Germany. Cowley became a naturalized British citizen and played for the British national team at the 2000 World Championships.

title: Wayne Cowley


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People's National Assembly

The People's National Assembly (المجلس الشعبي الوطني; abbreviated APN) is the lower house of the Algerian Parliament. It is composed of 407 members directly elected by the population. Of the 407 seats, 8 are reserved for Algerians living abroad. Members of the People's National Assembly are directly elected through proportional representation in multiple-member districts and serve terms lasting five years at a time. The last election for this body was held on 12 June 2021. The minimum age for election to the Assembly is 28.

There are 58 districts, corresponding to the wilayas (provinces), and an overseas constituency, which send representatives to this body. The current speaker of the APN is Ibrahim Boughali, an independent member. The minimum age to vote in Algeria is 18 and voting is not compulsory.

History
The first election for the People's National Assembly was held on 20 September 1962. In 1963, the President of the Republic of Algeria, Ahmed Ben Bella, halted the activities of the APN and set up a Revolution Council lasting from 1965 to 1976. The APN was reestablished in 1976 with the passage of Algeria's new constitution, at the time only a unicameral legislature. Up until 1991, the ruling party was the National Liberation Front (FLN), and in fact, the 1976 Algerian constitution considered the FLN as the preferred Algerian political party. The first APN election with multiple parties was held in December 1991. After a predicted Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) victory, a fundamentalist opposition party, the Algerian People's National Armed Forces canceled the elections. A substitute legislative body, the National Consultative Council, was established in April 1992 and lasted until May 1994, when the National Transitional Council ruled for until the next elections, held on 5 June 1997. In 1996, the legislature split into two chambers forming the Algerian Parliament with the ratification of a new constitution.

Women in Parliament
After the 1997 elections, women composed 3.4% of APN members.

By 2012, Algerian women occupied 31 percent of parliamentary seats, placing the country 26th worldwide and 1st in the Arab world.

Role
The People's National Assembly is an institution of the Republic and, together with the Council of the Nation, forms one of the chambers of the Parliament. As such, it votes the law, monitors government action and evaluates public policies. Its powers are fixed by the Constitution.

Dissolution
The President of the Republic can dissolve the People's National Assembly, and the only one authorized to do so. According to article 147 of the Constitution, the President of the Republic can decide on the dissolution of the National People's Congress or on early legislative elections, after consultations with the President of the APN, the President of the Council of the Nation and the Prime Minister.

Electoral system
The National People's Assembly is made up of 407 seats filled by multi-member proportional representation in 58 constituencies corresponding to the wilayas (provinces) of the country, with an additional overseas constituency. Each constituency is allocated a number of seats according to its population, with a minimum of three seats per constituency. After counting the votes, the seats are distributed according to the largest remainder method, without an electoral threshold.

Before the 2021 election (which was the first after 10 new provinces were created in 2019), there was a constituency for each of the 48 provinces, plus four constituencies for Algerians living overseas. The province-based constituencies were guaranteed a minimum of four seats each.

Electoral history

 * Algerian Constituent Assembly election
 * Algerian legislative election of September 20, 1964
 * Algerian legislative election of February 25, 1977
 * Algerian legislative election of March 5, 1982
 * Algerian legislative election of February 26, 1987
 * Algerian legislative election of December 25, 1991
 * Algerian legislative election of June 5, 1997
 * Algerian legislative election of May 30, 2002
 * Algerian legislative election of May 17, 2007
 * Algerian legislative election of May 10, 2012
 * Algerian legislative election of May 4, 2017
 * Algerian legislative election of 12 June 2021

President of the People's National Assembly
The president of the People's National Assembly has a role of directing debates and organizing the work of the Assembly. He is the fourth person of the State in the order of precedence during the protocol ceremonies, behind the President of the Republic, the Prime Minister and finally the President of the Council of the Nation.

In the legislative procedure, the president opens and closes the meeting, leads the debates and enforces the rules. He may be replaced in these functions by one of the vice-presidents.

It also has important constitutional prerogatives: it appoints three of the nine members of the Constitutional Court; it must be consulted by the President of the Republic before he exercises some of his constitutional powers (such as dissolution or concerning full powers in times of crisis). He can also at any time seize the Constitutional Court to verify the constitutionality of a law before its promulgation. It can also decide, with the Bureau, to reform the rules and the functioning of the People's National Assembly.

The president of the People's National Assembly is elected at the beginning of the legislature for the duration of the latter.

Although the information is not made public, the amount of the compensation of the president of the APN is known and amounts to about 600,000 dinars, significantly higher than that of the deputies.

Vice presidents
The nine vice-presidents of the People's National Assembly, the distribution of which is the subject of a consensus between the different political groups which nominate their candidates beforehand, essentially aim to replace the president of the APN at the perch if this one is prevented, with a successive order of replacement going from the first to the ninth vice-president.

Permanent legislative committees
The permanent committees have an important monitoring role: they can conduct hearings and set up fact-finding missions. They can monitor, through reports, the application of laws by the Government.

Commissions of inquiry
Each assembly can create a parliamentary commission of inquiry by passing a resolution. They are trained to collect information either on specific facts or on the management of public services or national companies, with a view to submitting their conclusions to the assembly that created them. A commission of inquiry cannot be created on facts which gave rise to legal proceedings and as long as these proceedings are in progress. If a commission has already been created, its mission ends upon the opening of a judicial investigation relating to the facts on which it is responsible for investigating. The members of the committees of inquiry are appointed in such a way as to ensure proportional representation of the political groups. Committees of inquiry are of a temporary nature. Their mission ends with the submission of their report and, at the latest, at the expiration of a period of six months from the date of the adoption of the resolution which created them.

Political groups
According to the regulations of the National Assembly, the "deputies can regroup by political affinities" in parliamentary groups. They must contain at least ten members. The political group must present at the opening of the legislature to the President of the People's National Assembly a political declaration signed by its members.

In addition to the full members of the group, who are generally members of the same party (FLN, RND, FFS, etc.), some deputies can "relate" to a group: they are not then included in the quota. minimum of 10 required for group formation. These are usually members from small parties or without labels close to the tendency of the main political movement behind the formation of the group.

The groups decide, with the president of the People's National Assembly, the areas of the hemicycle where they will sit. They are then the sole judges of how to distribute their members and relatives within this zone. They have their own organization and their own rules of procedure, elect from among themselves a president who will represent them within the Conference of Presidents and who will have several important prerogatives (such as the request or on the contrary the opposition to the creation of a special committee, the right to obtain a suspension of the session to convene the group, to request the vote by public ballot, to call in session for the verification of the quorum on the occasion of a vote, to prepare the order of monthly parliamentary day specific to their group, to propose or oppose the initiation of simplified engagement procedures. Each group, depending on its numerical weight within the Assembly, appoints its representatives within the Bureau and different committees, depending on their size, their own financial subsidy and have offices and rooms to meet.

Building
The building of the People's National Assembly is the former city hall of the municipality of Greater Algiers, at Boulevard Che-Guevara on the Algiers monumental waterfront.

title: People's National Assembly


text: Category:Long Beach, California

title: Category:Long Beach, California


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Arnold Margolin (television producer)

Arnold Margolin is an American television producer, screen writer, and director. He is the older brother of actor Stuart Margolin.

He was executive producer of Love, American Style, and shared composition credits for the theme song along with Charles Fox.

title: Arnold Margolin (television producer)


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Sandrina Malakiano

Sandrina Malakiano (born Alessandra Shinta Malakiano 24 November 1971) is a former news presenter of Metro TV, an Indonesian news television channel. She was runner-up in the "Best News Presenter" category of the 2002 Asian Television Awards. Sandrina was named Best News Presenter in 2001 and 2003, and Best Current Affairs Presenter in the 2005 Asian Television Awards respectively.

Career
Malakiano was born in Thailand but was raised in Bali. She graduated from university as a Civil Engineer. She started her career in the broadcasting world in Bali when she became a radio show host in 1990 and after a few months she joined TVRI station of Denpasar Bali as a newscaster. In 1996, she joined ANTV Jakarta as a newscaster and sportscaster. Then, in 1997, she worked as a freelance host for several TV programs, such as Travel Asia and Beyond and 'Wild Things''. ''

From 1998 to 2000, she worked as Public Relations Manager of PT. Sido Muncul (a notable Indonesian herbal medicine company) whilst working as English News Presenter and Sportscaster at TVRI Central Station in Jakarta.

Malakiano converted to Islam in 2000.

In 2000 Malakiano joined Metro TV, the first 24-hour news channel in Indonesia, as the station's main news and current affairs anchor. Right after she went on the Hajj pilgrimage in 2006, Sandrina decided to wear the veil (hijab), hence she was unable to further pursue her career there as wearing hijab was against the company's 'On Air Look' policy for news anchors.

Since October 2009, with her husband, political analyst Eep Saefulloh Fatah, Malakiano has run a political marketing consultancy company under the name PolMark Indonesia Inc. Malakiano and her husband also own and manage two cafes/restaurants in Jakarta, named 'Abuella'.

Malakiano teaches Broadcast Journalism and Public Speaking. She hosts programs on a freelance basis.

Social activism
As Ambassador for the National Campaign to Fight Cervical Cancer, for the last decade Malakiano has continuously promoted and educated the public about Cervical Cancer Prevention in Indonesia. She is also involved in many different forms of social activities, such as in the field of education.

title: Sandrina Malakiano


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Terry Steinbach

Terry Lee Steinbach (born March 2, 1962) is an American former professional baseball player and coach. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a catcher from 1986 to 1999, most notably as a member of the Oakland Athletics team that won three consecutive American League pennants and a World Series championship in. He played his final three seasons with the Minnesota Twins. A three-time All-Star player, Steinbach won the 1988 All-Star Game MVP Award and caught two no-hitters during his career.

Amateur career
Steinbach attended New Ulm High School in New Ulm, Minnesota. The Cleveland Indians selected Steinbach in the 16th round of the 1980 Major League Baseball Draft, but Steinbach chose not to sign. He enrolled at the University of Minnesota, and played for the Minnesota Golden Gophers' college baseball team. With the Golden Gophers, Steinbach played as a third baseman. In 1982, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL), where he led the league in batting average with a .431 mark; in 2001 he was inducted into the CCBL Hall of Fame. In 1983, he was named the Big Ten Conference Co-Player of the Year, with Rich Stoll of the University of Michigan.

Professional career
The Oakland Athletics selected Steinbach in the ninth round of the 1983 Major League Baseball Draft. Steinbach signed with the Athletics, and made his professional debut in the minor leagues. After two years as a third baseman, the Athletics moved Steinbach to catcher, and played him for two years in Class AA of the minor leagues.

Steinbach made his major league debut on September 12, 1986, against the Cleveland Indians. He hit a home run off of Greg Swindell in his first major league at-bat. During his 1987 rookie year he had a .284/.349/.463 line with 16 home runs, 56 RBIs and 16 doubles. He also caught 37 would-be base stealers, 3rd highest in the American League.

He was elected to the All Star Game in 1988. His selection was controversial because Steinbach had posted modest numbers in the first half of the season. However, during the game he accounted for both AL runs with a home run and sacrifice fly, and was named the game's MVP. The same year he hit .364 with a double in the World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers. In all, Steinbach played for 4 Division Championship teams from 1988 to 1992, winning 3 AL Pennants and the 1989 World Series. He had 7 RBIs and a home run in 16 at bats in the '89 fall classic. For his career he hit .281 with 2 home runs and 14 RBIs in 25 postseason games. Offensively his best year was 1996, when he hit 35 home runs with 100 RBIs, 25 doubles for a .272/.342/.529 slash line. He was 21st in the AL MVP ballot. He occasionally played first base, third base and both left and right field. After playing for the A's for 11 seasons ('86-'96), he went on to play for his home-state Minnesota Twins for 3 more seasons ('97-'99). At ages 35 to 37, he averaged 15 home runs, 71 RBIs and 23 doubles per every 162 games as the Twins starting catcher. He also caught two no-hitters during his career (Dave Stewart in 1990, Eric Milton in 1999).

Coaching
From 2008 to 2012, Steinbach was a coach for the Wayzata High School boys varsity baseball team in Plymouth, Minnesota. Steinbach's son Lucas played with the team during this time before graduating in June 2012. He also worked as the Twins' minor league instructor for thirteen years.

On October 22, 2012, the Twins hired Steinbach to be the bench coach and catching instructor on manager Ron Gardenhire's coaching staff, succeeding Steve Liddle. Stuart Turner, a catching prospect for the Twins, credited Steinbach's tutelage in spring training for his improvement as a catcher. In 2014, Steinbach managed games in April and August, when Gardenhire was unable to attend the game.

Personal life
Steinbach and his wife, Mary, have three children. Their two sons both played college baseball.

Terry's brother, Tom, was a teammate on the Golden Gophers' baseball team. Tom was the right fielder.

title: Terry Steinbach