text:
User talk:KittenKlub

Precious
You are recipient no. 2448 of Precious, a prize of QAI. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 08:05, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

Enjoy some extra flowers! --Gerda Arendt (talk) 15:36, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

Grote Stadskerk
Hi KittenKlub, thanks for creating the page. Since the article is new enough and in good shape, would you like to nominate it at the WP:DYK? If so, is it possible for you to expand the prose a bit? Let me know what you think. -- Ashley yoursmile!  09:59, 11 March 2021 (UTC)

 * Actually, I've never done a DYK before ... The text can be expanded a bit, because it's just a brief overview of the main points. It is interesting because the Moravian Church is not well known. Yet in Suriname it is one of the largest congregations because of their work among the slaves and the Maroons. Also the government has always looked at them with some suspicion because they were a bunch of Germans and Czechs. KittenKlub (talk) 10:07, 11 March 2021 (UTC)
 * , thank you for expanding the text, the character count now stands at 1623, which definitely exceeds the minimum prose count of 1500. I have the following hook in mind, but please feel free to suggest something more interesting since you'd know that better than me:
 * ... that Grote Stadskerk is the first and the largest church of the Moravian congregation in Suriname?
 * . Ashley  yoursmile!  10:32, 11 March 2021 (UTC)
 * The hook is fine with me. The instruction page of WP:DYK looks daunting as usual, so you could be so kind as to nominate the page ;). KittenKlub (talk) 10:36, 11 March 2021 (UTC)
 * , I'd be happy to nominate the article. :) Just one final thing, I was thinking it would be better to support the hook with a picture of the church, since its used in the article and could make the hook attractive. So would you prefer the one which is used in the infobox or the monochrome one which is used in the body? Ashley  yoursmile!  10:39, 11 March 2021 (UTC)
 * I think a colour picture is better. The tower can be seen in that image, but you have to look closely. The pictures are from official archives, so there's no licensing problem with any of them. KittenKlub (talk) 10:44, 11 March 2021 (UTC)
 * , I have nominated it and used the coloured photo like you suggested. You can find the entry here. Someone will review it soon and leave comments. Thank you for the work on the article. :)  Ashley  yoursmile!  10:58, 11 March 2021 (UTC)
 * And thank you for the nomination. I've put it on watch, so let's wait and see... KittenKlub (talk) 11:00, 11 March 2021 (UTC)
 * , no problem! I'll review another DYK nom and provide the QPQ shortly so that the entry is complete. :) Ashley  yoursmile!  11:02, 11 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Hi KittenKlub, the nomination has been reviewed and approved. :) Ashley  yoursmile!  12:56, 14 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Hi KittenKlub, the nomination has been reviewed and approved. :) Ashley  yoursmile!  12:56, 14 March 2021 (UTC)

Season's Greetings
Ah, thank you, Joofjoof. A merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to you too. KittenKlub (talk) 12:50, 25 December 2021 (UTC)

DYK for Louis Doedel
Cwmhiraeth (talk) 00:02, 10 January 2022 (UTC)

Rudi Kappel DYK review
Hiya, happy NY, I left you some comments at Template:Did you know nominations/Rudi Kappel, see what you think. Mujinga (talk) 15:16, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

Nice one!
Wow thanks for adding stuff to Killing of Rishi Chandrikasing and Death of Michael Koomen. That's lovely to come back and see more info added so fast! Apologies for leaving the inuse on the Koomen article. Actually, I've put it to DYK and I'll add you for a co-creation credit :) Mujinga (talk) 20:58, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks. There wasn't much info for Chandrikasing. You could add Indo-Surinamese, however I don't think he was religious and was most likely born in the Netherlands. Also I don't like to put ethnic tags on articles unless it is relevant. OTOH Koomen was easy. The article said 31 years old, so I searched for his name +1980 and +1979, and a surprising background appeared. KittenKlub (talk) 21:15, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

Death of Michael Koomen
Hello,

The above article, on which you are co-author, has passed DYK review, and is GTG.Georgejdorner (talk) 01:48, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

2022!
thank you for adding coordinates and more --Gerda Arendt (talk) 08:19, 21 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Your welcome. I know, this is a long shot, but how would you go about finding confirmation of a death in 1962 in Bavaria. Is there a comprehensive newspaper overview without paywalls for Germany? Ironically I know exactly where to look for Suriname or the Netherlands, but don't know where to start for Germany.KittenKlub (talk) 08:46, 21 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Seeing this late: I'm not familiar, sorry, SusunW does miracles in finding things in newspapers, but she's busy. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 17:31, 2 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Actually, I solved it in a different way. Thanks anyway. KittenKlub (talk) 17:36, 2 February 2022 (UTC)

DYK for Rudi Kappel
— Amakuru (talk) 12:03, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

DYK for Death of Michael Koomen
Mujinga (talk) 12:35, 29 January 2022 (UTC)

February songs
Today is a feast day for which Bach wrote several cantatas including Mit Fried und Freud ich fahr dahin, BWV 125, which was on DYK 10 years ago and TFA 4 years ago. I'm less happy that Georg Christoph Biller had to wait days for a Main page appearance under recent deaths, and then stayed not even for a full day. It would have been so meaningful today, with the man in the cantata saying he can depart in joy and peace. - The February pic was taken in memory last year. - The Mühlbauer article survived. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 17:02, 2 February 2022 (UTC)

I like my talk today (keeping Biller a bit longer, and even explaining how it works), and managed to picture two more vacation days. Would you like to do the Mühlbauer DYK review? --Gerda Arendt (talk) 16:50, 3 February 2022 (UTC)

 * Are you referring to the Elena Guseva picture. I think she is about to scream. Let's give Mühlbauer a try, the name sounds familiar... KittenKlub (talk) 16:57, 3 February 2022 (UTC)

 * I like the combination, the singer's intensity (described as "blazing passion" by a critic, and someone wanted that for the DYK), the combination of venerable musicians remembered and students making music together (heard yesterday), the colour scheme of the five boxes which is accidental but just fine ... - Holger Mühlbauer, nom on the talk --Gerda Arendt (talk) 17:03, 3 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Your page talk looks beautiful. The DYK page (yes I've found it) OTOH ... Well, let's bite the apple.KittenKlub (talk) 17:09, 3 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Today, I decorated my talk with a Bach cantata. I heard it last year when missing RexxS began, and "not letting go" was a theme. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 17:40, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * my joy - more on my talk --Gerda Arendt (talk) 17:01, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
 * You've made the front page with Bach. Congratulations. KittenKlub (talk) 17:28, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
 * thank you! - Valentine's Day edition, with spring flowers and plenty of music --Gerda Arendt (talk) 19:48, 14 February 2022 (UTC)
 * stand and sing --Gerda Arendt (talk) 23:19, 25 February 2022 (UTC)

 * stand and sing --Gerda Arendt (talk) 23:15, 25 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I took the pic in 2009, and it was on the German MP yesterday, with the song from 1885, in English Prayer for Ukraine. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 11:46, 6 March 2022 (UTC)

the automation of this function is in beta testing mode—please let me know if I've screwed up! theleekycauldron (talk • contribs) (she/they) 23:27, 1 April 2022 (UTC)

 * Yes, my bot friend, you've messed up and posted in Gerda's corner. KittenKlub (talk) 06:23, 2 April 2022 (UTC)

DYK for Plaza Hotel Curaçao
Cwmhiraeth (talk) 00:02, 2 March 2022 (UTC)

Great job! I added the Curacao hotels to List of hotels. Cheers!♦ Dr. Blofeld  14:18, 2 March 2022 (UTC) the automation of this function is in beta testing mode—please let me know if I've screwed up! theleekycauldron (talk • contribs) (she/they) 05:59, 3 April 2022 (UTC)

Thank you...
...so much for improving our coverage of Suriname. Much appreciated. 207.229.101.47 (talk) 15:42, 2 March 2022 (UTC)

DYK for Nieuwe Pekela
Cwmhiraeth (talk) 00:02, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

A barnstar for you!

 * Thanks for the barnstar :) KittenKlub (talk) 13:30, 27 April 2022 (UTC)

New articles
Hi. Regarding your many newly-created articles on places in the Netherlands, which are much appreciated, could you clarify whether they are translations from the Dutch Wikipedia article or whether you're writing them new? Thanks and best wishes, Ingratis (talk) 16:17, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

 * I always make articles from scratch. Translations from the Dutch wikipedia (or the German or French for that matter) are not really an option, because they are mainly unsourced. I sometimes peek at them to see whether there are an important missings. There is a strange regional issue: the provinces of Groningen and North Brabant still have quite a lot of missing villages. Friesland OTOH (known for their chauvinism) is complete: all villages have an articles except for weird stuff like Drachten-Azeven (an industrial zone of Drachten in another municipality which has a village status and 0 inhabitants). Belgium is a different story and I'm taking a break, because it seems like almost everything has been redirected to the municipality which turned out to be a real killer. All 2,568 villages and towns with a deelgemeente status are technically big enough for a little article, but most have a redirect. KittenKlub (talk) 16:55, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks very much for letting me know. I was asking for NPP reviewing reasons. I had not realised the position with the Belgian village articles, which explains why the coverage is so patchy here. Best wishes, Ingratis (talk) 17:58, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

Would you consider becoming a New Page Reviewer?

 * Sorry, but I'm not interested. I'm not a reviewer or vandalism fighter. (Of course, I remove vandalism when I see it, but I do not hunt for vandals and get stressed during edit wars) Also I do not agree with WP:N in the current form.
 * I see a perfect example at the top of User:SDZeroBot/NPP sorting/Geography/Regions/Americas/South America. Cándani. First of there's a bias because I know and have collaborated with Joofjoof. Candani is seemingly a borderline case because the amount of books published is limited and the number of copies sold is pathetic (those poetry books were less than minimum wage). Yet, she is clearly notable, because the refs are people/organisations like De Ware Tijd Literair, Michiel van Kempen, Wim Rutgers, Werkgroep Caraïbische Letteren (="overseas" part of Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde). Those names/organisations are the literary "elite" of the Netherlands and Suriname, so Candani scores high quality-wise, but does not seem important quantity-wise. KittenKlub (talk) 13:34, 20 June 2022 (UTC)

Autopatrolled granted
Hi KittenKlub, I just wanted to let you know that I have [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&type=rights&page=User%3AKittenKlub added] the "autopatrolled" permission to your account, as you have created numerous, valid articles. This feature will have no effect on your editing, and is simply intended to reduce the workload on new page patrollers. For more information on the autopatrolled right, see Autopatrolled. However, you should consider adding relevant wikiproject talk-page templates, stub-tags and categories to new articles that you create if you aren't already in the habit of doing so, since your articles will no longer be systematically checked by other editors (User:Evad37/rater and User:SD0001/StubSorter.js are useful scripts which can help). Feel free to leave me a message if you have any questions. Happy editing!  Schwede 66  11:37, 10 June 2022 (UTC)

Christon Baptiste
Hi, just checking, are you sure it's not useful to keep that distinguish template in place? Dr. Vogel (talk) 13:13, 22 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't think that anybody will type Christon instead of Christian. Christian is a commons first name unlike Christon. That hatnote was probably placed there because the redirect. Then again feel free to revert that edit.KittenKlub (talk) 13:15, 22 June 2022 (UTC)
 * It's all French to me :) It's probably alright. Dr. Vogel (talk) 16:17, 22 June 2022 (UTC)
 * At least I get to use my highschool French now... Better than math, never found a practical purpose for that subject. P.S. It's actually Greek (Χριστιανός). KittenKlub (talk) 16:20, 22 June 2022 (UTC)

Adding articles to missing persons lists
Hi, I see that you added an article to the List of fugitives from justice who disappeared. I could use some help in adding entries to lists, Could you please add this article Chan Kai-kit to that list for me? I have my hands full with editing and could use any help that I can get. Davidgoodheart (talk) 04:38, 5 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I can't do that, because I know nothing about the case and am unable to verify the story because all the references are in Chinese. Try the talk page of the list and hope that anybody will listen and can verify the story.KittenKlub (talk) 05:05, 5 August 2022 (UTC)

Precious anniversary
--Gerda Arendt (talk) 06:22, 28 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks Gerda. I totally forgot my Precious birthday :) KittenKlub (talk) 06:51, 28 September 2022

title: User talk:KittenKlub


text:
Mi Sangre

Mi Sangre (My Blood) is the third studio album by Colombian singer-songwriter Juanes, released on September 28, 2004.

Re-releases
In 2005, a 'Tour Edition' of the album was released. This specially packaged re-release of Mi Sangre is an individually numbered, limited edition of 150,000 copies. Within its triple gatefold are two booklets — the CD's lyric book, a fold-out booklet with full credits of the current version, and many press quotes. The CD contains the regular album's 12 tracks, live versions of "A Dios le Pido," "La Camisa Negra," "Fotografía," and "Nada Valgo Sin Tu Amor". Bonus tracks include "La Paga", which features Taboo from The Black Eyed Peas, a remix of "La Camisa Negra," and the unreleased track "Lo Que Importa". "Lo Que Importa" was originally made for the album "Fijate Bien". The second disc is a DVD featuring all four videos shot for the album.

The 2005 Mexican double CD contains the regular album's 12 tracks too, but different bonus tracks and no DVD. Just like the regular Tour Edition, it contains bonus tracks "Lo Que Importa" and "La Paga", though the other bonus tracks are songs from his debut album Fíjate Bien; "Nada," "Fíjate Bien" and "Podemos Hacernos Daño". This edition also contains two other bonus tracks; an acoustic version of his first worldwide hit "A Dios le Pido" and a different remix of "La Camisa Negra."

As result of the big success after releasing "La Camisa Negra" at the end of 2005 and beginning of 2006, a Special European Tour edition was also released. The only difference between this version and the regular version is that the European version doesn't have the unreleased track "Lo Que Importa". The album also has a remix of "La Camisa Negra". In June 2006 a 2 disc limited edition was released in Germany. The first disc is the same as the Special European Tour edition. The second disc includes 6 songs performed live from the Shepherds Bush Empire in London.

The album was successful in the United States. As of 2019, the album has been certified 18× Platinum by the RIAA for selling 1,008,000 album-equivalent units in the country. In France, the album sold 300,000 copies as of 2014. Worldwide sales it estimated around 4 millions of copies.

Normal CD

 * 1) "Ámame" (Love Me) – 4:19
 * 2) "Para Tu Amor" (For Your Love) (feat. string arrangements by David Campbell) – 4:09
 * 3) "Sueños" (Dreams) – 3:10
 * 4) "La Camisa Negra" (The Black Shirt) – 3:36
 * 5) "Nada Valgo Sin Tu Amor" (I'm Worthless Without Your Love) – 3:16
 * 6) "No Siento Penas" (I Don't Have Regrets) – 3:53
 * 7) "Dámelo" (Give It to Me) – 4:07
 * 8) "Lo Que Me Gusta a Mí" (What I Like) (feat. string arrangements by David Campbell) – 3:30
 * 9) "Rosario Tijeras" (Rosario Tijeras) – 3:27
 * 10) "¿Qué Pasa?" (What's Happening?) – 3:47
 * 11) "Volverte a Ver" (To See You Again) – 3:37
 * 12) "Tu Guardián" (Your Guardian) – 4:25

Videoclips

 * 1) Para Tu Amor
 * 2) La Camisa Negra
 * 3) Nada Valgo Sin Tu Amor
 * 4) Rosario Tijeras
 * 5) Volverte A Ver

Awards

 * 2005 Latin Grammy Awards:
 * Best Rock Song ("Nada Valgo Sin Tu Amor") – won
 * Best Short Form Music Video ("Volverte a Ver") – won
 * Rock Solo Vocal Album (Mi Sangre) – won

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mi Sangre


text:
Bellbowrie, Queensland

Bellbowrie is a suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the, Bellbowrie had a population of 5,495 people.

Bellbowrie is on the northern side of the Brisbane River and lies 17 km west-southwest of Brisbane's city centre. It is a rapidly developing semi-rural area due to Brisbane's growth heading in a westwards direction.

Geography
The suburb is bounded to the north by Pullen Pullen Creek and to the east by the Brisbane River with two of its reaches:

 * Pullen Reach (downstream -27.5502°N, 152.9038°W)
 * Goggs Reach (upstream -27.5638°N, 152.8969°W)

Moggill Road, which bisects the suburb, is a main thoroughfare for traffic passing from Ipswich to central Brisbane. Commuters may use the Moggill Ferry to gain access to Moggill Road as an alternative to the Centenary Highway. Neighbouring suburbs include: Moggill, Pullenvale, Pinjarra Hills and Anstead.

The streetscape in Bellbowrie benefits from the provision of underground power and there are few power poles to be seen.

Bellbowrie is part of the Pullenvale Ward for Brisbane City Council Elections as well as the seat of Moggill for state elections and the seat of Ryan for federal elections.

History
The name Bellbowrie is an Aboriginal word (possibly from the Hunter River area in New South Wales) meaning flowering gum, possibly referring to the red gum. It was named on 4 November 1972 and bounded on 11 August 1975.

The initial subdivisions in the area were commenced in the early 1970s. Development slowed in the aftermath of the 1974 Brisbane flood which saw much of the eastern, lower-lying areas of the suburb badly inundated with water. Since the construction of the Wivenhoe Dam in the 1980s the fear of floods was reduced and development increased. Many acreage owners are subdividing their properties and as a consequence, significant areas of bushland are being cleared.

The boundaries of the suburb were extended on 13 December 1990 to include land previously in Anstead.

Several new housing estates began development in 2001 on land that used to be pineapple farms.

In the 2011 Brisbane floods, the Brisbane River rose significantly and some small areas of Bellbowrie were flooded. However, of greater concern was the inundation of access roads to the area, isolating a number of suburbs including Bellbowrie including the loss of electricity and telecommunications and a shortage of food with the supermarket inundated. The Uniting Church acted as an evacuation centre for those whose homes were flooded and as a communal food bank which received supplies of necessities via helicopter.

Demographics
In the, Bellbowrie had a population of 5,413 people.

In the, Bellbowrie had a population of 5,462 people.

In the, Bellbowrie had a population of 5,495 people.

Moggill Cemetery
Moggill Cemetery is located on the eastern side of Moggill Road, Bellbowrie in subdivision 2 of portions 7 & 8, County of Stanley, Parish of Moggill (-27.5584°N, 152.8894°W). In March 1851, the original land owner, Joseph Lewis, purchased portions 7 & 8. It is believed portions 7 & 8 was used as church graveyard, circa 1855, only clues remain as to the exact location of the associated, possibly Methodist, chapel. George Mounser, who accidentally drowned at Moggill on 4 March 1855, is assumed to have been the first person buried in the graveyard.

In 1865, the land was sanctioned as a cemetery. In June 1921, the Queensland Governor, Sir Matthew Nathan, ordered that the cemetery be permanently reserved and placed under the control of trustees: John Anstead, John Bird, Maurice William Doyle, Norman Charles Robert Sexton and Frederick Charles Sugars. In February 1922, the land was resumed by the Crown. In July 1930, the Governor, Sir Thomas Herbert Goodwin, passed control of Moggill Cemetery over to the Brisbane City Council).

Education
There are no schools in Bellbowrie. The nearest government primary schools are Moggill State School in neighbouring Moggill to the south. The nearest government secondary school in Kenmore State High School in Kenmore to the north-east.

Amenities
Bellbowrie has an abundance of recreational facilities such as many off-leash areas for dogs to play in. The suburb also borders the Brisbane River and some residents have boat ramps in order to access it.

Bellbowrie is serviced by a weekly visit of the Brisbane City Council's mobile library service in the Bellbowrie Shopping Plaza carpark, off Birkin Road.

Bellbowrie Community Church (formerly Kenmore Community Church) is at 3077 Moggill Road.

A number of community groups are active in the area, including:

 * Rural Environmental Planning Association Inc.
 * Rural Environmental Planning Association Inc.
 * Moggill Girl Guides
 * Moggill Scout Group

Bellbowrie is part of the Tyakunda Scout District, Tyakunda being an Aboriginal word meaning ''land of the rolling hills. '' The local Scout group is called "Moggill Scout Group", and is named so as Moggill was the original name of the area and meet at 17 Mahonia Street.

The Moggill branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the Bellbowrie Community Church at 3077 Moggill Road.

Sporting clubs
The Bellbowrie Sports & Recreation Club Inc., known locally as the "sports & rec" or "the club", located in Sugarwood Street, is the home ground of several sporting clubs:

The Bellbowrie Sports & Recreation Club Inc. also has a skate park, cricket nets and a multiple use tennis and basketball court (which is no longer left open for all hours access and free public use).
 * Bellbowrie "Strikers" Hockey Club Inc.
 * Moggill Football Club Inc.
 * Moggill Cricket Club
 * Moggill "Mustangs" Junior Australian Football Club.

A Brisbane City Council public swimming pool, by award-winning architects bureau^proberts is located in Sugarwood Street and hosts the Bellbowrie Swimming Club.

title: Bellbowrie, Queensland


text:
File:Robbie Williams - South of the Border - CD single cover.jpg

Summary
The CD cover of Robbie Williams' 1997 single "South of the Border", from the 1997 album Life thru a Lens.


text:
Richard Sims

Richard William Sims (born 23 July 1979) is a Zimbabwean cricketer. An allrounder, he bats in the middle order and bowls right-arm offbreak. He is a good driver of the ball and is a straight hitter.

International career
Sims made his international debut in 2002 in an One-Day International (ODI) against Pakistan. Having gone into bat first, Pakistan reached 305–2 in 50 overs with Sims bowling 9 wicketless overs for 49. Sims then batted at ten and scored 7 not out as Zimbabwe notched up 295–9 in their 50 overs.

In 2004 he became involved in disputes with the ZCU board and Sims opted out of playing from Zimbabwe instead keeping his contract with his English club. He now plays for a Norfolk club, Swardeston. He also coaches cricket, hockey and rugby at Norwich School, working as a batting and bowling coach.

Post Zimbabwean cricket
In 2000 he played for Helensburgh, west of Glasgow in Scotland. He was good with the ball and scored two hundreds and three nineties, averaging 51 with the bat for the season. He returned again in 2001, and despite having a great many matches rained off he managed three centuries. He has become a successful rugby coach, coaching Norwich School 1st XV to the daily mail vase 2010 final at twickenham in and leading the U14's to Norfolk Cup victory in 2007.

Sportsman
Sims was also a notable rugby player at scrum-half who represented Zimbabwe Schools. He had represented national rugby teams from junior school upwards.

He got injured on a tour of South Africa and it has affected his cricketing career and it's weakened his throw. As a result, he is forced to field in close during games. He gave up rugby to concentrate on cricket.

title: Richard Sims


text:
Ivan Tors

Ivan Tors (born Iván Törzs; June 12, 1916 – June 4, 1983) was a Hungarian playwright, film director, screenwriter, and film and television producer with an emphasis on non-violent but exciting science fiction, underwater sequences, and stories involving animals. He started a Miami-based film studio now known as Greenwich Studios, and later a music company.

Biography
Tors was born to a Jewish family in Budapest, Hungary. He wrote several plays in his native country before moving to the United States just prior to World War II. He arrived with his brother Ervin in July 1939 on the SS Hansa and had come to study at Fordham University in New York City. He subsequently enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps then transferred to the Office of Strategic Services. Following the war, he was contracted to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as a screenwriter.

In 1952, he made Storm over Tibet, his first film as co-writer and producer. He began his partnership with his fellow Hungarian Andrew Marton with this film, reusing much of Marton's footage from Demon of the Himalayas.

Long interested in fact-based science fiction, often with an underwater setting, Tors partnered with actor Richard Carlson in the 1950s to create A-Men Films, a production company devoted to making films about its own fictitious exploits.

Under the A-Men banner, Tors wrote and produced The Magnetic Monster (1953) reusing footage from the 1934 German film Gold. This was the first film in what became his "Office of Scientific Investigation" (OSI) trilogy that was followed by Riders to the Stars (1954) and Gog (1954), both the same year. The following year came the syndicated television series Science Fiction Theater (1955–1957). He also created the first-run syndicated underwater action and adventure series Sea Hunt (1958–1961), starring Lloyd Bridges, and The Aquanauts (1960–1961), starring Keith Larsen, Jeremy Slate, and Ron Ely, which was later renamed Malibu Run. He also created NBC's science fiction series The Man and the Challenge, starring George Nader and Jack Ging and was the executive producer of the first-run syndicated skydiving action and adventure series Ripcord, starring Larry Pennell and Ken Curtis.

Tors also produced two Korean War films, Battle Taxi (1955) and Underwater Warrior (1958).

In the 1960s, Tors left science fiction and concentrated on making films and television series involving animals. He typically would make a film first and then develop a television series based on that film. His animal films included Flipper (1963), Flipper's New Adventure (1964), Zebra in the Kitchen (1965), Clarence, the Cross-Eyed Lion (1965), Gentle Giant (1967), and Africa Texas Style (1967). He also directed Rhino! (1964), and Galyon (1977).

Tors appeared as himself on the February 14, 1966 episode of the CBS game show To Tell the Truth. He received two votes.

His animal-themed television adventure series included Flipper, Daktari, Gentle Ben, Cowboy in Africa, and Jambo, a documentary series set in Africa. He was also the executive producer of MGM Television's 1967 TV series Off to See the Wizard for ABC.

His production company, Ivan Tors Films, did the underwater filming for the James Bond film Thunderball as well as filming his own Around the World Under the Sea for MGM and Daring Game and Hello Down There for Paramount. Tors' studio also filmed Soupy Sales' film debut in Birds Do It.

Personal life
Tors was married to film actress Constance Dowling from 1955 until her death in 1969. Tors died 14 years later, eight days before his 67th birthday. He died in Mato Grosso, Brazil, where he was scouting a new television series.

Legacy
In 1989, the Academy of Underwater Arts & Sciences posthumously awarded Tors a NOGI Award in Arts.

title: Ivan Tors


text:
Emerald toucanet

The emerald toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus) is a species of near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found from Mexico to Nicaragua.

Taxonomy and systematics
The emerald toucanet was originally described in the genus Pteroglossus. For many years it was treated as having at least 14 subspecies. In 2008 the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) split 10 of those subspecies to create seven new species and retained four of them as subspecies of their current emerald toucanet sensu stricto. BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) concurred. Some of the seven have since been merged resulting in the current (2022) Wagler's toucanet (A. wagleri), blue-throated toucanet (A. caeruleogularis), white-throated toucanet (A. albivitta), and black-throated toucanet ( atrogularis) in addition to the emerald toucanet.

However, the North and South American Classification Committees of the American Ornithological Society and the Clements taxonomy declined to follow them. In 2017 they did split the emerald toucanet into two species, the northern (A. prasinus) and southern (A. albivitta) emerald-toucanets, each with seven subspecies. They treat the IOC's "emerald toucanet" as four subspecies of the northern emerald-toucanet.

Four subspecies of emerald toucanet are recognized by the IOC and HBW:

 * A. p. warneri - Winker, 2000
 * The nominate A. p. prasinus - (Gould, 1833)
 * A. p. virescens - Ridgway, 1912
 * A. p. volcanius - Dickey & van Rossem, 1930

Description
Like other toucans, the emerald toucanet is brightly marked and has a large bill. Adults are 29 to 37 cm long and weigh about 150 to 240 g. The sexes are alike in appearance although the female generally is smaller and shorter-billed. Their bill has a black mandible, a yellow maxilla with a black patch near the nares, and a white vertical strip at its base. All subspecies have plumage that is mainly green like that of other members of genus Aulacorhynchus, and is somewhat lighter below than above. The nominate's crown has a bronze tinge and its nape and upper back a yellowy bronze tint. Their eye is dark brown surrounded by even darker bare skin. Their lower face and throat are white. Their flanks are bright yellow-green to green-yellow and their undertail coverts and the underside of the tail are chestnut. The base of their tail's upper surface is green becoming blue towards the end and the tips of the feathers are chestnut. Subspecies A. p. warneri has a yellowish wash on its throat and some yellow on the face. A. p. virescens is slightly smaller than the nominate. It has a yellower face and throat, more yellow on the flanks, and darker chestnut tips on the tail feathers. A. p. volcanius is similar to the nominate but paler overall and slightly smaller. Immatures are grayer than adults and the chestnut of the tail tips is browner and smaller.

Distribution and habitat
The subspecies of emerald toucanet are found thus:

 * A. p. warneri, Sierra de Los Tuxtlas in southeastern Mexico's Veracruz state
 * A. p. prasinus, eastern and southeastern Mexico including the Yucatán Peninsula, Belize, and northern Guatemala
 * A. p. virescens, from southeastern Mexico's Chiapas state south through Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras into northern Nicaragua
 * A. p. volcanius, eastern El Salvador's Volcán San Miguel

The emerald toucanet primarily inhabits humid montane forest but is also found in more open landscapes like secondary forest, shrublands, pastures, and plantations. In elevation it ranges from near sea level to at least 3000 m.

Movement
The emerald toucanet is non-migratory.

Social behavior
The emerald toucanet is gregarious and frequently gathers in groups of up to about 10.

Feeding
The emerald toucanet forages by gleaning, usually while perched. Its diet is eclectic and includes a wide variety of fruits, invertebrates of many orders, and vertebrate prey such as birds, eggs, lizards, and snakes.

Breeding
The emerald toucanet's breeding season is from March to July. It nests in tree cavities, either natural or those abandoned by woodpeckers. They can be as high as 27 m above the ground. The typical clutch size is three or four but can range from one to five. Both sexes incubate the eggs but the female does so more than the male. The incubation period is 16 days and fledging occurs 42 to 45 days after hatch.

Vocal and non-vocal sounds
The emerald toucanet's call is "a nasal, barking Wok!-Wok!-Wok!-Wok!-Wok!-Wok!-Wok!...". It also makes "a growling, throaty wra'a'a'a'a'a'ak".

Status
The IUCN has assessed the emerald toucanet as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range but its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immeditate threats have been identified. However, it "is vulnerable to habitat destruction".

Aviculture
The emerald toucanet is a popular pet toucan. It is affectionate when hand-fed and loves to play and interact with its owner. Emerald toucanets are as quick to learn tricks as cockatoos. They are active and need a large cage for their size, including perches that they can hop back and forth on. They also require a high-fruit diet, without which they are susceptible to a disease of excessive iron storage that is similar to hemochromatosis in humans.

title: Emerald toucanet


text:
Byron Kennedy

Byron Eric Kennedy (18 August 1949 – 17 July 1983) was an Australian film producer known for co-creating the Mad Max series of films with George Miller.

Early life
Byron Kennedy was born in Melbourne. At the age of 18, he formed his own production company named Warlok Films and produced many amateur short films under this logo. In 1970, at the age of 21, he won The Kodak Trophy, Australia's Ten Best on Eight, for the short film Hobson's Bay, a short documentary film about the Melbourne port suburb of Williamstown. This award enabled him to travel overseas and gain invaluable knowledge of the international film/television industry. Upon his return, he embarked upon a television and film course at the University of New South Wales.

George Miller
Kennedy met George Miller at the University of Melbourne in 1969. The first mini-film made by both was Violence in the Cinema, filmed in Yarraville, Melbourne. The film won international acclaim and this led to the formation of the new film company Kennedy Miller, which was incorporated in 1975 with both George Miller and Byron Kennedy as co-directors.

Their first major movie together was the international smash hit Mad Max (1979). This film set a record for the highest-grossing film relative to budget, a record which was only broken with the advent of The Blair Witch Project (1999).

In 1981, Kennedy produced the film Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior, the sequel to Mad Max, which grossed over US$100 million worldwide.

Death
In 1983, at the age of 33, Kennedy was killed at Warragamba Dam in New South Wales, Australia, when the helicopter he was piloting crashed.

Legacy
In his honour, the Australian Film Institute, with George Miller as a panel member, established the Byron Kennedy Award. This award is bestowed upon those whose work is marked by their pursuit of excellence within the film and television industry and is sponsored by Kennedy Miller, Warner Bros., Village Roadshow, Greater Union, Cinemedia, and Steven Spielberg.

The film Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome is dedicated to Kennedy.

His original co-production company, Kennedy Miller, is now called Kennedy Miller Mitchell.

Motion pictures

 * Violence in the Cinema, Part 1 (1971)
 * The Last of the Knucklemen (1977)
 * Mad Max (1979)
 * Mad Max 2 (1981)

Miniseries

 * The Dismissal (1983), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia
 * Bodyline (1984), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia
 * The Cowra Breakout (1985), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia
 * Vietnam (1987), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia
 * The Dirtwater Dynasty (1988), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia
 * Bangkok Hilton (1989), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia

title: Byron Kennedy


text:
Blue-throated toucanet

The blue-throated toucanet (Aulacorhynchus caeruleogularis) is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Panama and far northwestern Colombia.

Taxonomy and systematics
What is now the blue-throated toucanet was two of many subspecies of the then emerald toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus sensu lato). In 2008 the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) split 10 of those subspecies to create seven new species, one of which is the blue-throated toucanet, and retained four of them as subspecies of their current emerald toucanet sensu stricto. BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) concurred. In 2016 the IOC merged the violet-throated toucanet (A. cognatus) into the blue-throated and again HBW concurred. However, the North and South American Classification Committees of the American Ornithological Society and the Clements taxonomy declined to follow them. In 2017 they did split the emerald toucanet into two species, the northern (A. prasinus) and southern (A. albivitta) emerald-toucanets, each with seven subspecies. They treat the IOC's "blue-throated" as two subspecies of the northern emerald-toucanet.

Two subspecies of blue-throated toucanet are recognized by the IOC and HBW:

 * The nominate "blue-throated" A. c. caeruleogularis - Gould, 1853
 * "Violet-throated toucanet" (A. c. cognatus) - Nelson, 1912 : Other names used include Nelson's toucanet and Goldman's blue-throated toucanet.

Description
As in all toucans, the blue-throated toucanet has a large bill. The adult is 29 to 37 cm long and weighs about 120 to 185 g. The sexes are alike in appearance although the female generally is smaller and shorter-billed. Their bill is black with a wide yellow stripe along its culmen and a white vertical strip at its base. The nominate subspecies has a rufous patch near the base of the culmen; A. c. cognatus does not. Both subspecies have plumage that is mainly green like that of other members of genus Aulacorhynchus, and is somewhat lighter below than above. The nominate's crown has a bronze tinge and its nape and upper back a yellowy bronze tint; A. c. cognatus crown and nape are almost pure green. Their eye is dark brown surrounded by even darker bare skin. Their lower face and throat are deep blue. Their undertail coverts and the underside of the tail are chestnut. The base of their tail's upper surface is green becoming blue towards the end and the tips of the feathers are chestnut. Immatures are grayer than adults and the chestnut of the tail tips is browner and smaller.

Distribution and habitat
The nominate subspecies of blue-throated toucanet is found along most of the length of Costa Rica into western Panama as far as Veraguas Province. A. c. cognatus is found in central and eastern Panama and slightly into Colombia's Chocó Department. In elevation the species ranges between 800 and 3000 m in Costa Rica and between 600 and 2400 m in Panama. It primarily inhabits humid montane forest but is also found in more open landscapes like secondary forest, shrublands, pastures, and plantations.

A potential problem relates to the distribution limit between A. c. cognatus and A. c. caeruleogularis in Panama. Some authors place the population in central Panama in A. c. caeruleogularis, which limits A. c. cognatus to extreme eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia. However, others assert that the toucanets in central Panama are closer to A. c. cognatus.

Movement
The blue-throated toucanet is non-migratory.

Social behavior
The blue-throated toucanet is gregarious and frequently gathers in groups of up to about 10.

Feeding
The blue-throated toucanet forages by gleaning, usually while perched. Its diet is eclectic and includes a wide variety of fruits, invertebrates of many orders, and vertebrate prey such as birds, eggs, lizards, and snakes.

Breeding
The blue-throated toucanet's breeding season is from March to August. It nests in tree cavities, either natural or those abandoned by woodpeckers. They can be as high as 27 m above the ground. The typical clutch size is three or four but can range from one to five. Both sexes incubate the eggs but the female does so more than the male. The incubation period is 16 days and fledging occurs 42 to 45 days after hatch.

Vocal and non-vocal sounds
The blue-throated toucanet's main vocalization is "a loud, far-carrying, dry rrip rrrip rrip rrip or curré curré curré...often continued for minutes on end". In flight its wings make a whirring sound.

Status
The IUCN has assessed the blue-throated toucanet as being of Least Concern. Though its population size is not known, it is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. However, it "is vulnerable to habitat destruction".

title: Blue-throated toucanet


text:
Lazy Days

"Lazy Days" is a song by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released in the United Kingdom on 14 July 1997 as the second single from his debut studio album, Life thru a Lens (1997). According to Williams, the song is about being young, optimistic about the future and not afraid of committing mistakes. The song became a top-10 hit in the United Kingdom, peaking at number eight on the UK Singles Chart. A demo version of "Lazy Days" is included as a B-side on the "Millennium" CD2 single.

Critical reception
A reviewer from Music Week rated the song three out of five, adding, "Gary's former colleague continues to occupy indie-pop territory with a solid enough song. However, it lacks the killer chorus needed to better his previous chart performances." The magazine's Martin Aston described "Lazy Days" as "a hazy-lazy, summery feel, and an instant indication of Williams and [Guy] Chambers' Beatlesy tastes." David Sinclair from The Times viewed it as a "big, catchy, anthemic follow-up to Old Before I Die with fade-out borrowed from Hey Jude."

Music video
Williams took a day out of rehab to shoot the accompanying music video for the song, and he explained it was "a bonkers video, 'cause that's how my head was at the time, I think". Williams explained that "Lazy Days" was a song previously written by Guy Chambers, during his spell in the Britpop band the Lemon Trees. Williams thought it was an amazing song, but made some changes on the lyrics, including hooks in arrangement and music.

Track listings

 * UK CD1 and cassette single
 * 1) "Lazy Days" – 3:53
 * 2) "Teenage Millionaire" – 3:09
 * 3) "Falling in Bed (Again)" – 3:28

 * UK CD2
 * 1) "Lazy Days" – 3:53
 * 2) "She Makes Me High" – 3:23
 * 3) "Ev'ry Time We Say Goodbye" – 3:03

 * European maxi-CD single
 * 1) "Lazy Days" – 3:53
 * 2) "She Makes Me High" – 3:23
 * 3) "Teenage Millionaire" – 3:09
 * 4) "Falling in Bed (Again)" – 3:28
 * 5) "Ev'ry Time We Say Goodbye" – 3:03

Credits and personnel
Credits are taken from the Life thru a Lens album booklet.

Studios
 * Recorded at Matrix Maison Rouge (London, England)
 * Mixed at Battery Studios (London, England)

Personnel

 * Robbie Williams – writing, vocals, backing vocals
 * Guy Chambers – writing, guitar, keyboards, production, arrangement
 * Andre Barreau – backing vocals, guitar
 * Steve McEwan – backing vocals, guitar
 * Andy Caine – backing vocals
 * Fil Eisler – bass
 * Steve Power – keyboards, production, mixing
 * Geoff Dugmore – drums
 * Andy Duncan – percussion
 * Jim Brumby – Battery Studios assistant
 * Matt Hay – Matrix Maison Rouge assistant

title: Lazy Days


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/How the pathology of schizophrenia relates to symptoms

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 21:17, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

How the pathology of schizophrenia relates to symptoms
Blank article. Information should be in Schizophrenia anyway. Edwardian 06:55, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge anything useful (from the talk page since the article itself is empty) to Schizophrenia and leave a redirect to preserve the history. --Angr/undefined 07:23, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep for the moment as poor basis for deletion content moved to talk page, by another person is not the same as blank topic. --Mysidia (talk) 07:27, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I reverted the page to the unblanked version while keeping the AfD tag, so people can see it (the talk page is a mess). Someone knowledgeable about schizophrenia should take a look and see if there's anything useful that can be merged with the schizophrenia article. If there is, merge and redirect. If not, delete. -- Kjkolb 10:05, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Schizophrenia exists. Pilatus 16:58, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Pilatus --Rogerd 01:21, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Everything should be in schizophrenia. If not, improve that article instead of keeping this one. No one will use this article name as a search term anyway. --Jacquelyn Marie 15:45, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Homolka

Homolka is a surname of Czech origin. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Karla Homolka (born 1970), Canadian serial rapist and killer
 * Tammy Homolka (1975–1990), Karla's sister and victim
 * Oscar Homolka (1898–1978), Austrian-born actor
 * Walter Homolka (born 1964), German rabbi

title: Homolka


text: User talk:68.82.197.137

title: User talk:68.82.197.137


text:
File:Robbie Williams - Lazy Days - CD single cover.jpg

Summary
The CD cover of Robbie Williams' 1997 single "Lazy Days", from the 1997 album Life thru a Lens.


text:
File:Terra 003.jpg

Summary
Photo von Richard Mayer

title: File:Terra 003.jpg


text:
User talk:Submission~enwiki

Image Tagging Image:Flower face (2).jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Flower face (2).jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, ie in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use .)  See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thanks so much. --cohesion | talk 06:58, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Submission. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Submission~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:13, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:17, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Submission~enwiki


text:
Old Before I Die

"Old Before I Die" is a song by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams, released as the first single from his debut album, Life thru a Lens (1997). The Oasis-influenced song became a number-two hit in the United Kingdom and a number-one hit in Spain following its release on 14 April 1997.

Critical reception
Pan-European magazine Music & Media commented, "Williams certainly can't be accused of playing it safe in the wake of his departure from U.K popsters Take That. Instead, post-Freedom, he's opted for a radical change of musical direction. Gone is the sweet, middle of the road style, in favour of a solid and confident rock sound, somewhat reminiscent of his new pals, Oasis." A reviewer from Music Week rated the song four out of five, describing it as "a confidently composed return from the former Take That man, boasting a strong vocal, tuneful Beatlesesque melody and a ILR-friendly hook. On this evidence, Owen, Barlow and co may be left in Williams shadow." The magazine's Martin Aston complimented it as "pure Britpop/Beatles swagger and crunch." Ian Hyland from Sunday Mirror noted that the singer "has come up with some magic tracks", adding that songs like this are "stadium thrillers".

Music video
A music video was made to accompany the song. It features Robbie Williams performing for the camera with ageing rock stars as his backing band, and some fade-ins by the cameraman. There are also shots of Williams flying through the air.

Track listings

 * UK CD1
 * 1) "Old Before I Die"
 * 2) "Better Days"
 * 3) "Average B Side"

 * UK CD2
 * 1) "Old Before I Die"
 * 2) "Making Plans for Nigel"
 * 3) "Kooks"

 * UK cassette single
 * 1) "Old Before I Die"
 * 2) "Making Plans for Nigel"
 * 3) "Better Days"

 * European CD single
 * 1) "Old Before I Die"
 * 2) "Average B Side"

 * Australian CD single
 * 1) "Old Before I Die"
 * 2) "Kooks"
 * 3) "Average B Side"
 * 4) "Making Plans for Nigel"
 * 5) "Better Days"

 * Japanese mini-album
 * 1) "Old Before I Die"
 * 2) "Kooks"
 * 3) "Average B Side"
 * 4) "Making Plans for Nigel"
 * 5) "Better Days"
 * 6) "Freedom"

Credits and personnel
Credits are taken from the Life thru a Lens album booklet.

Studios
 * Recorded at Matrix Maison Rouge (London, England)
 * Mixed at Battery Studios (London, England)

Personnel

 * Robbie Williams – writing, vocals, backing vocals
 * Desmond Child – writing
 * Eric Bazilian – writing
 * Steve McEwan – backing vocals, guitar
 * Guy Chambers – guitar, keyboards, production, arrangement
 * Fil Eisler – guitar, bass
 * Steve Power – keyboards, production, mixing
 * Geoff Dugmore – drums, percussion
 * Jim Brumby – Battery Studios assistant
 * Matt Hay – Matrix Maison Rouge assistant

title: Old Before I Die


text:
Talk:Putyvl

Move from Putivl to Putyvl
This move was made entirely appropriately by User:AndriyK and in a correct way using "move article" link rather than cut and paste. This is normally not worth mentioning but I am only bringing this up because there was recently a whole bunch of moves by cun-and-paste made by the same user.

Cut'n'paste moves do not preserve histories, they do not move talk and they are against a policy that requires listing at WP:RM when the move is impossible because of competing histories/entries. Then admins merge histories once consensus is reached. Loosing history and talk hurts the articles and in most cases such moves would be reverted.

But this move is correctly implemented and also justified (modern Ukrainian name for a Ukrainian city in the absence of any significantly used other English name). For a thorough discussion of the issue, see Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Ukrainian_subdivisions#How_the_city_name_is_spelled_in_English. --Irpen 06:59, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Usage
Nothing major against the move ,however, Putivl still scores 3 times more Google hits than Putyvl. Fisenko 07:55, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, if you check "English language only" option in the google test, the results almost level out. The media usage test I made is also statistically insignificant. Two hits of Putivl in Houston Chronicle in 2001 in connection with Prince Igor pervormance there and one hit of Putyvl in BBC report. So, since no usage can be affirmatively established, we should use a native Ukrainian one, see the link in my previous entry above.

 * Regarding the use in Old East Slavic history I am less sure now, would have to look. Regarding the use in Sydir Kovpak, I think we should use Putyvl, a modern name for a relatively modern time, especially in the article about the person who is as Ukrainian as one can possibly be. OTOH, change of khutor for khutir there, made no sense. I will correct Kovpak accordingly --Irpen 08:32, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

Putivl/Putyvl probably has the longest historical connection to Muscovy/Russian Empire among all modern Ukrainian towns if it is any of any use in determination of what name should be used in historic context in articles. Fisenko 15:19, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

Someone who knows what they're doing (i.e. not me!) might like to make the spelling consistent throughout. Currently, we have Putyvl in one half and Putivl in the other :-) UrsusMaximus 11:46, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Putyvl


text: User talk:71.99.25.213

title: User talk:71.99.25.213


text:
NGY

NGY, nGy or ngy may refer to:

 * Nagyágite, a rare sulfide mineral (IMA symbol: NGY)
 * nanogray, a unit of absorbed dose of ionising radiation equal to 10$-9$ Gray (unit) (symbol: nGy)
 * Papua New Guinea, a country in Oceania (IOC country code 1976-1980: NGY)
 * Suriname, a country in South America (former FIFA country code: NGY)
 * Tibea language, also known as Ngayaba, a language spoken in Cameroon (ISO 639-3: ngy)

title: NGY


text:
Mirrorball (TV pilot)

Mirrorball was a sitcom pilot in the United Kingdom directed by Adrian Edmondson and written by Jennifer Saunders. It originally aired on 22 December 2000.

All of the main cast members (and several supporting cast members) from the popular series Absolutely Fabulous were also cast in this show, although the plot and characters were completely different. It was produced as a pilot episode for what Saunders intended to be a new show. Mirrorball ended up inspiring Saunders to revive Absolutely Fabulous in 2001, and a full series was never produced.

Plot synopsis
The show centers around Vivienne Keill (Saunders) and Jackie Riviera (Joanna Lumley), two aging stage actresses who live in vertically adjacent flats. The two are of questionable talent, and their careers seem to be at a standstill. During the course of the pilot, Vivienne has the opportunity to be cast in a new show but delivers a horrifying rendition of the standard "Send in the Clowns", thanks in part to Jackie's off-kilter advice.

Julia Sawalha plays Freda Keill, Vivienne's younger sister and a more serious (and successful) actress. Jane Horrocks plays Yitta Hilberstam, a vicious Icelandic actress/waitress. June Whitfield appears as Dora Vermouth, a former vaudeville actress who spends most of her time intoxicated at the local pub and is showing slight signs of dementia. Harriet Thorpe plays Cat Rogers, an actress who is busy understudying multiple roles.

Cast
Main
 * Jennifer Saunders as Vivienne Keill
 * Joanna Lumley as Jackie Riviera
 * Julia Sawalha as Freda Keill
 * Jane Horrocks as Yitta Hilberstam
 * Harriet Thorpe as Cat Rogers
 * Tim Wylton as Brice Michaels
 * June Whitfield as Dora Vermouth

Guest
 * Matthew Francis as Theatre Producer
 * Sean Chapman as Mark
 * Alan Corser as Johnny
 * Andy Clarkson as Postman
 * Rupert Bates as Gordon
 * Nigel Ellacott as Jackie's Fan 1
 * Peter Robbins as Jackie's Fan 2
 * George Hall as Pianist
 * Bonnie Langford as herself

Reception
The episode received a viewing figure of 6,690,000 and ranked 20th place during the week it was broadcast on BBC One.

Availability
Mirrorball is available as an "extra" on the DVD edition of Absolutely Fabulous series 4.

title: Mirrorball (TV pilot)


text:
Hi-Fi murders

The Hi-Fi murders were the torture of five people resulting in three deaths during a robbery at the Hi-fi Shop, a home audio store in Ogden, Utah, United States, on the evening of April 22, 1974. Several men entered the Hi-fi Shop shortly before closing time and began taking hostages. They forced their victims to drink corrosive drain cleaner, which the perpetrators believed would fatally poison their hostages, but instead caused burns to their mouths and throats. Further violence included kicking a pen into an ear and the brutal rape of an eighteen-year-old woman, before three of the victims were fatally shot. The two surviving victims were left with life-changing injuries.

Police only had enough evidence to convict three enlisted United States Air Force airmen: Dale Selby Pierre, William Andrews, and Keith Roberts; the three others involved were never caught. Pierre and Andrews were both sentenced to death and executed for murder and aggravated robbery, while Roberts, who had remained in a getaway vehicle, was merely convicted of robbery. The crime became notorious for its extreme violence and later accusations of racial bias in the Utah judiciary.

Robbery
On April 22, 1974, Dale Selby Pierre, William Andrews, Keith Roberts, and three other men drove in two vans to the Hi-Fi Shop at 2323 Washington Boulevard, Ogden, just before closing time. Four of the group entered the shop brandishing handguns, while Roberts and another man remained with the vehicles. Two employees, Stanley Walker, aged 20, and Michelle Ansley, aged 18, were in the store at the time and were taken hostage. Pierre and Andrews took the two into the store's basement and bound them. The gang then began robbing the store.

Later, a 16-year-old boy, Cortney Naisbitt, who dropped by to thank Walker for allowing him to park his car in the store's parking lot earlier that day as he ran an errand next door, was also taken hostage and tied up in the basement with Walker and Ansley. Later that evening, Orren Walker, Stanley Walker's 43-year-old father, became worried that his son had not returned home and went to the store. Cortney Naisbitt's mother, Carol Peterson Naisbitt, also arrived at the shop later that evening looking for her son, who was late getting home. Both Orren Walker and Carol Naisbitt were taken to the basement and tied up. This brought the total number of hostages to five.

Torture, rape, and murders
With five people now held hostage in the basement, Pierre told Andrews to get something from their van. Andrews returned with a bottle in a brown paper bag, from which Pierre poured a cup of Drano-brand drain cleaner. Pierre ordered Orren to administer it to the other hostages, but he refused, and was bound, gagged, and left face-down on the basement floor.

Pierre and Andrews then propped the hostages into sitting positions and forced them to drink the Drano, telling them it was vodka laced with sleeping pills. It immediately caused blisters on the victims' lips, burnt their tongues and throats, and peeled the flesh around their mouths. Ansley, still begging for her life, was forced to drink the Drano, although Orren said she coughed less than the other victims. Pierre and Andrews tried to duct-tape the hostages' mouths shut to hold quantities of drain cleaner in and to silence their screams, but the oozing blisters prevented the adhesive from sticking. Orren was the last to be given the Drano, but seeing what was happening to the other hostages, allowed it to pour out of his mouth and then mimicked the convulsions and screams of his son and other hostages.

Pierre became angry because the deaths were taking too long, and were too loud and messy, so he shot Carol and Cortney Naisbitt in the backs of their heads, killing Carol but leaving Cortney alive. Pierre then shot at Orren Walker but missed. He fatally shot Stanley before again shooting at Orren, this time grazing the back of his head.

Pierre took Ansley to the far corner of the basement, forced her at gunpoint to remove her clothes, then repeatedly raped her after telling Andrews to leave for 30 minutes. Afterwards, he allowed her to use the bathroom while he watched, then dragged her, still naked, back to the other hostages, threw her on her face, and fatally shot her in the back of the head. According to Orren's testimony, her last words were "I am too young to die."

Andrews and Pierre noted that Orren was still alive, so Pierre mounted him, wrapped a wire around his throat, and tried to strangle him. When this failed, Pierre and Andrews inserted a ballpoint pen into Orren's ear. Pierre stomped it until it punctured his eardrum, broke, and exited his throat. Pierre and Andrews went upstairs, finished loading equipment into their van, and left.

Victims
The victims included the following five individuals, three of whom were murdered. Each of the victims were bound, forced to drink liquid Drano, and were later shot. Nonetheless, two individuals, now deceased, survived their injuries.

 * Sherry Michelle Ansley (January 24, 1956 – April 22, 1974): Michelle Ansley, age 18, was an employee at the Hi-Fi Shop. She had been hired only a week before the murders. She had recently become engaged and planned to be married on August 5, 1974. Ansley was raped and shot dead by Pierre.
 * Byron Cortney Naisbitt (September 25, 1957 – June 4, 2002): Cortney Naisbitt, age 16, was a student at Ogden High School. Although he survived his injuries, he suffered from amnesia and was thus unable to testify at trial. Naisbitt was able to return to school more than a year after the incident, and he graduated with his class at the high school in 1976. Due to the brain damage from his head wound, however, he was forced to drop out of college. As he could not hold down a job, he had to apply for Social Security assistance. On November 15, 1985, Naisbitt married Catherine Hunter. (Cortney's mother, Carol, was a fatality in the murder and her husband, Byron Naisbitt, later remarried. ) He suffered chronic pain for the rest of his life and died on June 4, 2002, aged 44.
 * Carol Elaine Naisbitt (née Peterson) (December 25, 1921 – April 22, 1974): Carol Naisbitt, age 52, was the mother of victim Byron Cortney Naisbitt. She died at the hospital after being shot by Pierre.
 * Orren William Walker (September 17, 1930 – February 13, 2000): Orren Walker, age 43, was the father of victim Stanley Walker. Having survived the attack, he testified at trial against the perpetrators. He died on February 13, 2000, aged 69.
 * Stanley Orren Walker (March 19, 1954 – April 22, 1974): Stanley Walker, age 20, was an employee at the Hi-Fi Shop. He was shot dead by Pierre.

Arrests
The bodies were discovered almost three hours later, when Orren's wife and other son came to the store looking for them. Orren's son heard noises coming from the basement and broke down the back door, while Mrs. Walker called the Ogden police. Stanley Walker and Ansley were already dead; Carol Naisbitt was taken by ambulance to St. Benedict's Hospital (now Ogden Regional Medical Center) but was pronounced dead on arrival. Cortney, although not expected to live, survived with severe and irreparable brain damage; he was hospitalized for 266 days before being released. Orren Walker survived with extensive burns to his mouth and chin, as well as the damage to his ear caused by the pen.

In spite of his injuries, Orren was able to give a description of the two leading robbers, with that of the man who fired the killing shots on the other victims, a short-statured, bespectacled black male with a Caribbean accent, later being identified as Dale Pierre.

Hours after news of the crime broke, an anonymous Air Force employee called the Ogden police and told them that Andrews had confided to him months earlier, "One of these days I'm going to rob that Hi-Fi shop, and if anybody gets in the way, I'm going to kill them." Hours later, two teenage boys dumpster diving at Hill Air Force Base, near the barracks Pierre and Andrews were living in, contacted the police after discovering the victims' wallets and purses, recognizing their pictures from the drivers' licenses.

Detective Deloy White, who responded to the scene, believing the killers might be in the crowd, put on a show for the gathered airmen. Speaking dramatically, he waved each piece of evidence in the air with tongs as he removed it from the dumpster. Later, he noted that most of the service personnel who gathered around the dumpster stood still and watched in relative silence, with the exception of two men, later identified as Pierre and Andrews, who paced around the crowd, speaking loudly and making frantic gestures with their hands. The detective later received an award from the Utah branch of the Justice Department for his use of proactive techniques.

Based on the two men's reactions to the evidence being removed from the trash bin, Andrews and Pierre were taken in for questioning. A search warrant was then issued for their barracks. Police found fliers for the Hi-Fi Shop and a rental contract for a unit at a public storage facility. Following the issuance of another search warrant, stereo equipment taken from the Hi-Fi Shop, later identified via serial numbers, was recovered from the storage unit. Also recovered was the half-empty bottle of Drano. A few weeks later, a third airman, Keith Roberts, was taken into custody after he was identified through questioning on the base as a participant in the robbery.

Trial
Pierre, Andrews, and Roberts were charged with first degree murder and aggravated robbery.

The joint trial of Pierre, Andrews, and Roberts for first-degree murder and robbery began on October 15, 1974, in Farmington, in neighboring Davis County. On November 16, 1974, Pierre and Andrews were convicted of all charges; Roberts was convicted only of robbery. Four days later, Pierre and Andrews were sentenced to death. Roberts was sentenced to five years to life imprisonment and was paroled in 1987.

During the trial, it was revealed that Pierre and Andrews had robbed the store with the intent of killing anyone they encountered, and, in the months prior, had been looking for ways to commit the murders quietly and cleanly. The two then repeatedly watched the film Magnum Force (1973), in which a prostitute (played by Margaret Avery) is forced to drink Drano and is shown immediately dropping dead. Pierre and Andrews decided that this would be an efficient method of murder and decided to use it in their crime.

Survivor Orren Walker was the star witness for the prosecution. Due to his amnesia, Cortney Naisbitt was unable to testify. His father, Byron Hunter Naisbitt, did testify.

Convictions
The official police report stated that six black men driving two vans committed the robbery. Roberts and another man remained with the cars, and two others loaded the vans, while Pierre and Andrews tortured and killed the victims. However, detectives only had enough evidence to convict Pierre, Andrews, and Roberts. Ogden Police Department Officer Deloy White, who was a detective when he worked the case, observed: "Andrews was the brains behind the whole deal, the one who organized it [...] Pierre was the enforcer." Andrews would corroborate White's statement in an interview with KUTV before his execution in 1992, admitting that he targeted the store after becoming acquainted with Stanley Walker a few months prior to the robbery and blaming solely Pierre for the excessive violence leading up to the killings.

Dale Selby Pierre
Pierre was 21 years old at the time of the crime. He was born and raised in Trinidad and Tobago, and moved to Brooklyn, New York at the age of 17. In May 1973, Pierre entered active service with the United States Air Force and in September 1973 was transferred to Hill Air Force Base, as a helicopter mechanic. Almost on arrival, Pierre became the prime suspect in the October 5, 1973, murder of Edward Jefferson, an Air Force Sergeant at Hill Air Force Base, although police lacked enough evidence to file charges. At the time of the Hi-Fi murders, Pierre was out on bail for car theft from a Salt Lake City car dealer. On November 16, 1974, Pierre was convicted of three counts of first degree murder and two counts of aggravated robbery for the Hi-Fi crimes. On November 20, 1974, he was given three death sentences, one for each of the murder victims. While in prison, Pierre changed his name 27 times, reportedly to protect his family name from notoriety, finally settling on "Pierre Dale Selby" (transposing his first, middle, and last names from birth) as his legal name. At his clemency hearing, he said he had a strict upbringing and was a changed man. After being denied clemency, Pierre was executed by lethal injection on August 28, 1987, at the age of 34. At the time of his death, Pierre bequeathed all of his money ($29) to Andrews. Pierre declined a last meal, instead spending his final day fasting, praying, singing hymns and reading the Bible. His last words were "Thank you, I’m just going to say my prayers." The Deseret News reports that Pierre said, to no one in particular, moments before his execution: "I'll be glad when this is over."

At his clemency hearing, Pierre said, "The crime took a course of its own. It wasn’t planned that way. People kept coming in and I just panicked. The only way to prevent what happened was to have been moved away from the Air Force entirely… Of course the alcohol and the pills I was consuming didn’t help—valiums, reds, black beauties and yellow jackets. Everyone has a limit beyond which they won’t go—drugs, etc., can alter that limit. I tell myself, 'You have to accept responsibility for it—you did it, you were there. You can’t rationalize it'." However, Andrews said he never saw him drunk or using drugs.

Orren Walker testified during the clemency hearing. He called Pierre a sadist and said he deserved to die, saying, "After he shot Mrs. Naisbitt first, then he was kind of prancing or walking in a manner that I got the impression he was kind of enjoying what he was doing. This has been hard for me. It’s hard for me to believe that I was ever involved with this. My son Stanley’s life was taken with two shots and Drano. He tried five different times to kill me. Each one could have been lethal. It certainly has changed our lives." Walker said that his younger son, traumatized by his older brother's murder, slept on a mattress in his parents' bedroom and refused to go into the basement of the house. "Most of my wife’s time is spent in bed trying to forget," Walker said.

William A. Andrews
Andrews was 19 years old at the time of the crime and, like Pierre, was a helicopter mechanic at Hill Air Force Base. He was born in Jonesboro, Louisiana and was previously stationed in Dallas. During the trial, it was revealed that he and Pierre had the intention of killing anyone they came across while robbing the store. On November 16, 1974, Andrews was convicted of three counts of first-degree murder and two counts of aggravated robbery for the Hi-Fi crimes. Andrews' death conviction was considered especially controversial, because he did not directly kill any of the victims, although he did admit to forcefully administering Drano down their throats. On November 20, 1974, he was given three death sentences, one for each of the murder victims. The date was set to August 22, 1989, but he was given repeated stays of execution by the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals. Andrews was executed by lethal injection at 1:30 AM on July 30, 1992, at the age of 37, after 18 years on death row. His last meal was a banana split, which he shared with his niece and sister. Andrews's last words, spoken to deputy corrections director Bruce Egan, were: "Thank those who tried so hard to keep me alive. I hope they continue to fight for equal justice after I'm gone. Tell my family goodbye and I love them." After being strapped onto the gurney at 1:35 AM, Andrews lifted his head and said "I love you. Bye bye." to his sister, just before the injections were administered. He was declared dead at 1:46 AM.

Keith Leon Roberts
Roberts was 19 years old at the time of the crime. He was from Lawton, Oklahoma and had a wife and an infant son at the time of his arrest. He initially denied being part of the robbery, but admitted during his trial that he acted as a getaway driver, under the impression that no one else would be in the store. Although Roberts claimed that he only met Andrews the day of the robbery, witnesses stated that they had spotted Roberts a few days earlier repeatedly driving around a different stereo shop in Ogden. The prosecution also stated that Roberts had been seen pacing back and forth in front of the Hi-Fi store around the same time the killings occurred, despite his insistence that he stayed in one of the vans for the duration of the robbery. Roberts was acquitted of murder after the court found that he had no role in nor knowledge of the murders. He was, however, convicted of two counts of aggravated robbery and sentenced to 5 years to life. Roberts was paroled on May 12, 1987, after nearly 13 years in prison, and moved to Chandler, Oklahoma, to live with relatives and was reported as working for an Oklahoma City electronic store in 1989. He died by suicide on August 8, 1992, barely a week after Andrews's execution.

Pierre and Andrews became notoriously hated prisoners at Utah State Prison, and were particularly reviled on death row. In 1977, convicted murderer Gary Gilmore (also facing capital punishment) was reported to have said, "I'll see you in Hell, Pierre and Andrews!", as he passed their cells on the way to his execution by firing squad. However, the Deseret News reported that Gilmore's parting words to the Hi-Fi killers, moments before his execution were: "Adios, Pierre and Andrews. I'll be seeing you directly."

Appeals and aftermath
Following the handing down of death sentences to the defendants, the NAACP and Amnesty International campaigned to commute Pierre and Andrews' death sentences. The NAACP demanded that Pierre and Andrews' death sentences should be revoked because of racial bias at the trial. They noted that the defendants were both black, and the victims and jury were all white. According to Amnesty International, the sole black member of the jury pool was stricken peremptorily by the prosecution during jury selection; however, it was revealed that the juror was dismissed because he was a law-enforcement officer who personally knew "just about everyone tied to the case."

Andrews also accused the judicial system of racism following the NAACP's request for reduced sentences. A letter from a representative of Pope John Paul II, signed by 40 members of clergy from Utah, also asked for clemency for Andrews; the Mormon Church did not endorse the appeal. In an interview with USA Today, he claimed that he had never intended to kill anyone.

After Pierre's execution, a petition for a stay of Andrews' execution was submitted to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. The Inter-American Commission petition alleged that a hand-written note, "hang the niggers," had been found in the jury area during a recess, and that the judge had refused a request for a mistrial and a right to question jurors concerning the note. The fate of the physical note itself is unknown. The Jury had been sequestered and were transported daily to "Lee's Cafe" in Bountiful, Utah. During lunch, one of the jurors discovered the words written on a napkin in the dining area where they had been repeatedly seated. Despite these appeals, both death sentences were upheld. In December 1996, the Inter-American Commission found that the United States had violated its international obligations by denying William Andrews a trial free from racial discrimination.

Legacy

 * FBI trainees at the FBI Academy at Quantico, Virginia are taught about the case. It was included as a sample case in the FBI's Crime Classification Manual.
 * The experiences of Cortney Naisbitt and his family became the basis for Gary Kinder's book, Victim: The Other Side of Murder (1982). At one point, he said Dale Selby Pierre was a psychopath and that Andrews and Roberts were terrified of him.
 * The Hi-Fi murders were the basis for the CBS television movie, Aftermath: A Test of Love (1991), starring Richard Chamberlain and Michael Learned.

title: Hi-Fi murders


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SRH

SRH may refer to:

 * Scottish Radio Holdings
 * Scottish Rail Holdings
 * Sexual and reproductive health
 * Shockley-Read-Hall recombination in solid-state physics
 * Socialist Republic of Croatia
 * Storm relative helicity in meteorology
 * Streatham Hill railway station, London, National Rail station code SRH
 * Sunrisers Hyderabad, an Indian cricket team
 * SRH Presents: Supporting Radical Habits, a 2005 compilation album

title: SRH


text:
UPV

UPV can refer to:

Politics

 * Unión Popular Venezolana, a Venezuelan political party.
 * Republic of Upper Volta, former name of the African country currently known as Burkina Faso.
 * Ulster Protestant Volunteers

Educational Institutions

 * University of the Philippines Visayas (UPV or UP Visayas)
 * The Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV)
 * The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU).

title: UPV


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Q9 input method

The Q9 input method, invented by Qcode Information Technology Ltd. of Hong Kong, is an input method that uses only the number keys on a numeric keypad to input Chinese characters into a digital device. Invented in 1999 by Vincent Lau Man-kin, it is considered an easy method to use even though it is a "structural" input method. (Most "structural" methods are considered difficult.) It is used on some mobile phones in Hong Kong. It provides an alternative to Cangjie input method as well, as this utilizes the numeric keypad on personal computers.

Lau's previous experience was as a television screenwriter for three decades. A friend asked Lau in 1999 if he could create an input method capable of using the numeric keypad on the mobile phone to output Chinese characters. He spent three days creating the Q9 input method. Making the input method his company's primary product, he renamed the company from Quick Code Information Technology to Q9 Information Technology.

However, besides its use for cell phones, the use of this input method on personal computers is limited, due to its proprietary nature and that personal computers do not have Q9 input method pre-installed. Since the speed of the input method relies upon using numeric keypad on PCs, this method is impractical for use on most laptops.

Q9 input method is available as an FEP on Symbian S60 3rd Edition mobile devices.

Basic usage
The 9 positions of the number pad are shown with 9 Chinese characters and 9 stroke shapes; the first 5 of these stroke shapes are the same as in the Wubihua method, and the others are more elaborate shapes generated according to context (see below). At any time you may choose either a character or a stroke shape from any one of the 9 squares (with mobile phones press 0 to switch between character and stroke shape; with pointing devices you can point to either one or the other). If the character you want is not available, choose a stroke shape that closest to the character's first stroke (i.e. at the character's top left); the stroke shape in position 5 is a general concept of "other strokes". If the character is still not available, choose either the character's second stroke shape, or elaborate on the first stroke shape (some stroke shapes cause additional elaborations of themselves to appear in positions 6 to 9). If the character is still not available after this second shape has been entered, the third stroke shape to enter is that corresponding to the character's last stroke (usually at bottom right). Finally if the character is not listed, then you can press 0 to see another page of similar characters (or you may have entered the wrong stroke shapes). Usually, only Traditional Chinese characters are available on the Q9 method, although some versions allow Simplified characters to be found as well. Additional controls are usually available to reset the input method's state, and to switch to English letters, digits or punctuation.

Issues with Q9 on macOS
The system encounters problems with Mac OS X Q9 input. In the glitch, the selection bar for the input method would grey when being selected. However, older browser versions continue to support Q9 input.

Commentary
Lai-Man Po and his co-authors called the Q9 input method "an easy to learn method but its input speed is quite low".

title: Q9 input method


text:
User talk:Grace Saunders

Banned
You have been community banned per this discussion: --Rschen7754 05:18, 22 July 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Grace Saunders


text:
Samudra Manthana

The Samudra Manthana (समुद्रमन्थन) is a major episode in Hinduism that is elaborated in the Vishnu Purana, a major text of Hinduism. The Samudra Manthana explains the origin of the elixir of eternal life, amrita.

Nomenclature

 * Sāgara manthana (सागरमन्थन) – Sāgara is another word for Samudra, both meaning a sea or large water body.
 * Kshirasāgara manthana (क्षीरसागरमन्थन) – Kshirasāgara means the ocean of milk or milky ocean. Kshirasāgara = Kshira (milk) + Sāgara (ocean or sea).
 * Amrita Manthana (अमृतमन्थन) – Amrita means the elixir. “Churning for the Elixir”

Legend
Indra, the King of Svarga, was riding on his divine elephant when he came across the sage Durvasa, who offered him a special garland given to him by an apsara. The deity accepted the garland and placed it on the trunk (sometime the tusks or the head of the elephant in some scriptures) of Airavata (his mount) as a testament to his humility. The flowers had a strong scent that attracted some bees. Annoyed by the bees, the elephant threw the garland on the ground. This enraged the sage, as the garland was a dwelling of Sri (fortune) and was to be treated as a prasada or a religious offering. The goddess Lakshmi vanished into the oceans. Durvasa cursed Indra and all the devas to be bereft of all strength, energy, and fortune.

In the battles following the incident, the devas were defeated and the asuras, led by Bali, gained control over the three worlds. The devas sought Vishnu's wisdom, who advised them to treat with the asuras in a diplomatic manner. The devas formed an alliance with the asuras to jointly churn the ocean for the nectar of immortality, and to share it among themselves. However, Vishnu assured the devas that he would arrange for them alone to obtain the nectar. The churning of the Ocean of Milk was an extensive process. Mount Mandara was uprooted and used as the churning rod and Vasuki, a naga who resided on Shiva's neck, became the churning rope after being promised that he would get his share. While carrying the massive mountain, several devas and asuras fell to their deaths and some perished due to sheer exhaustion. Vishnu flew upon his mount Garuda and revived them all, and placed Mandara on his mount and carried it towards its destination, the midst of the ocean. Reaching their destination, Vasuki coiled himself around Mandara. Vishnu counseled the devas to tug from the head of the serpent and the asuras the tail, but perceiving it as inauspicious the asuras refused. The devas relented and held the tail henceforth and the churning commenced. However, Mandara was too enormous and sank to the bottom of the ocean. Vishnu, in the form of his Kurma avatara (lit. turtle), came to the rescue and supported the mountain on his shell.

The Samudra Manthana bequeathed a panoply of substances from the Ocean of Milk. One of them was the lethal poison known as halahala. In some variations of the story, the poison escaped from the mouth of Vasuki as the demons and gods churned. This terrified the gods and the demons because the poison was so powerful that it could destroy all of creation. The asuras were poisoned by fumes emitted by Vasuki. Despite this, the devas and the asuras pulled back and forth on the snake's body alternately, causing the mountain to rotate, which in turn churned the ocean. Shiva consumed the poison to protect the three worlds, the consumption of which gave a blue hue to his throat, offering him the epithet Neelakantha (the blue-throated one; "neela" = "blue", "kantha" = "throat" in Sanskrit).

Ratnas
All kinds of herbs were cast into the ocean and fourteen ratnas (gems) were produced from it and were divided between the asuras and the devas. Though the ratnas are usually enumerated as 14, the list in the scriptures ranges from 9 to 14. According to the quality of the treasures produced, they were claimed by Shiva, Vishnu, Maharishis, the devas, and the asuras. There were three categories of goddesses who emerged from the ocean; most lists include:

 * Lakshmi: the goddess of prosperity and wealth, who chose Vishnu as her eternal consort.
 * Apsaras: divine damsels like Rambha, Menaka, Punjisthala, and others, who chose the Gandharvas as their companions.
 * Varuni: the goddess of wine (sura) and the virgin daughter of Varuna, accepted by the devas. (Some interpretations believe her acceptance to be the etymology of devas being termed as suras and the daityas as asuras.)

Likewise, three types of supernatural animals appeared:

 * Kamadhenu or Surabhi: the wish-granting cow, taken by Brahma and given to the sages so that the ghee from her milk could be used for yajnas and similar rituals.
 * Airavata and several other elephants, taken by Indra.
 * Uchhaishravas: the divine seven-headed horse, taken by Indra.

Three valuables were also produced:

 * Kaustubha: the most valuable ratnam (divine jewel) in the universe, claimed by Vishnu.
 * Kalpavriksha: a divine wish-fulfilling and flowering tree with blossoms that never fade or wilt, taken to Indraloka by the devas.

Additionally produced were:

 * Chandra: a crescent, claimed by Shiva.
 * Dhanvantari: the "vaidya of the devas" with amrita, the nectar of immortality. (Sometimes considered as two separate Ratna s)
 * Halahala: the poison swallowed by Shiva.

This list varies among the different Puranas and it is also slightly different in the Ramayana and Mahabharata. Lists are completed by adding the following ratnas:

 * Panchajanya: Vishnu's conch
 * Jyestha (Alakshmi): the goddess of misfortune
 * The umbrella taken by Varuna
 * The earrings given to Aditi by her son Indra
 * Nidradevi, goddess of sleep

Amrita
Finally, Dhanvantari, the heavenly physician, emerged with a pot containing the amṛta, the heavenly nectar of immortality. Fighting ensued between the devas and the asuras for its possession. The Asuras took the Amrit from Dhanvantari and ran away.

The devas appealed to Vishnu, who took the form of Mohini, a beautiful and enchanting damsel. She enchanted the asuras into submitting to her terms. She made the devas and the asuras sit in two separate rows and distributed the nectar among the devas, who drank it. An asura named Svarbhanu disguised himself as a deva and drank some nectar. Due to their luminous nature, the deities of the sun and the moon, Surya and Chandra, noticed this disguise. They informed Mohini who, cut off his head with her discus, the Sudarshana Chakra. From that day, his head was called Rahu and his body Ketu, the Hindu myth behind eclipses. When all the Devas were served, Vishnu assumed his true form, riding on Garuda and departing to his abode. Realising that they had been deceived, the asuras engaged in combat with the devas, who had been bolstered by their consumption of amrita. Indra fought Bali, Kartikeya fought Taraka, Varuna fought Heti, Yama fought Kalanabha, Brihaspati fought Sukra, Mitra fought Praheti, Vishvakarma fought Maya, Vrishapati fought Jambha, Shani fought Naraka, Savitri fought Vilochana, Chandra fought Rahu, Vayu fought Puloman, and Aparajita fought Namuchi. There are also descriptions of duels between groups of beings: the Ashvini twins and Vrishaparva, Surya and the hundred sons of Bali, the sons of Brahma with Ilvala and Vatapi, the Maruts and the Nivatakavacha, Kali with Shumba and Nishumba, the Rudras and the Krodavasas, and the Vasus and the Kaleyas. Rejuvenated by the amrita, the devas emerged victorious and exiled the asuras to the Pataloka, regaining Svarga.

Origin of the Kumbha Mela
Medieval Hindu theology extends this legend to state that while the asuras were carrying the amṛta away from the devas, some drops of the nectar fell at four different places on the Earth: Haridwar, Prayaga (Prayagraj), Trimbak (Nashik), and Ujjain. According to the legend, these places acquired a certain mystical power and spiritual value. A Kumbha Mela is celebrated at these four places every twelve years for this reason. People believe that after bathing there during the Kumbha mela, one can attain moksha.

While several ancient texts, including the various Puranas, mention the Samudra Manthana legend, none of them mentions the spilling of the amṛta at four places. Neither do these texts mention the Kumbha Mela. Therefore, multiple scholars, including R. B. Bhattacharya, D. P. Dubey and Kama Maclean believe that the Samudra Manthana legend has been applied to the Kumbha Mela relatively recently, in order to show scriptural authority for the mela.

Comparative study
This episode has been analyzed comparatively by Georges Dumézil, who dubiously connected it to various historical "Indo-European" facts and even the European medieval legend of the Holy Grail, reconstructing a proto-story (the "ambrosia cycle", or "cycle of the mead") about a theoretical trickster deity who steals the drink of immortality for mankind but fails in freeing humans from death. Dumézil later abandoned his theory, but the core of the idea was taken up by Jarich Oosten, who posits "similarities" with the Hymiskviða. In this Old Norse poem, beer is prepared for the gods by the Jotunn sea god Ægir, after Thor and Tyr recover a giant kettle Ægir needs to make the beer. Oosten claims the serpent Jörmungandr takes the place of Vasuki, although his role in the story is not at all similar or comparable.

title: Samudra Manthana


text:
The Collection (Alanis Morissette album)

The Collection is a greatest hits compilation album by Canadian-American singer-songwriter Alanis Morissette, released in the United States on 15 November 2005. It comprises material from 1995 to 2005, with some soundtrack selections and a cover of Seal's "Crazy". A limited edition release, which included a DVD, followed on 6 December 2005.

Morissette's singles that are not on the album include "All I Really Want", "Joining You", "Unsent", "So Pure", the live track "King of Pain" (a cover of The Police song), "Precious Illusions", "21 Things I Want in a Lover", "Flinch", the American single "Utopia" and the European single "Out Is Through". Additionally, none of her eight dance-pop single releases under MCA Records' Canada imprint are present.

As of March 2012, the album has sold 401,000 copies in the United States and more than 1,000,000 worldwide.