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User talk:Mataichi

This message is regarding the article Sushi. Please stop removing content from Wikipedia that people have worked hard to create. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. [ contribs • block • [ block log ] ] - RoyBoy 800 02:20, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Sushi
Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed or reverted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --DannyWilde 03:05, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Further vandalism
You added words like "penis" to the following pages:

 * Dragon Ball,
 * Dexter's Laboratory,
 * Vietnamese people,
 * Nation-state,
 * Chair

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia.

--DannyWilde 03:23, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mataichi


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Theodora Morse

Theodora Morse (July 11, 1883 — November 10, 1953) was an American songwriter and composer. She was a Tin Pan Alley lyricist who collaborated to produce a number of popular songs.

Background
Alfreda Theodora Strandberg was born in Brooklyn, New York. On March 7, 1907, she married Theodore F. Morse (1873–1924). She and her husband became a successful songwriting team for Tin Pan Alley. Listed as Terriss & Morse, they were one of the earliest Tin Pan Alley husband-wife songwriting teams.

Career
Theodora not only wrote with her husband, but also collaborated with other composers. Professionally, she often used the pseudonyms of Dorothy Terriss, Dolly Morse and D. A. Esrom. She wrote the lyrics for Hail, Hail, the Gang's All Here to a tune originally written by Arthur Sullivan for the comic opera The Pirates of Penzance. The popular good-night waltz Three O'Clock in the Morning was written to music composed by Julián Robledo. The song was recorded in 1922 by Paul Whiteman and his orchestra. Jazz and pop standard, Wonderful One, was written by Paul Whiteman and Ferde Grofé, with lyrics by Theodora Morse based on a theme by movie director Marshall Neilan.

Theodora Morse died in White Plains, New York, aged 70.

Selected works

 * Hail, Hail, the Gang's All Here (1917)
 * Soldier Boy (1915)
 * Three O'Clock in the Morning (1921)
 * Wonderful One (1922)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Theodora Morse


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Talk:Harlot (disambiguation)

Untitled
How is this a disambiguation page? --Habbie 02:20, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

This wiki entry is so poor, it is humorous.

History
I added some breif information on the history of the word. I'll put more information as i find it so it's less of a definition and more of an article.--Ichy 04:50, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

OK, so I've added a lot more now, but it's still a work in progerss.--Ichy 05:06, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

It's really coming along nicely now. some feedback would be appreciated.--Ichy 06:16, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

''The word "harlot" occurs 122 times in the New Kings James Version of the Bible. Some - NOT ALL - are listed below''

As it stands it can't be far off 122! Are so many quotes needed? Sharm 23:12, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

Yeah, what's with the complete reprint? --IgorW 12:03, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I have removed the quotations, per WP:NOT. Long lists of quotations belong on wikiquote or wikisource, not Wikipedia.--Srleffler 21:15, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

This article sucks
That pretty much covers it. --Xyzzyplugh 15:24, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Thats a rather rude way to put it, but I do think so many citations are not needed, although not bad but you could explain the citations meaning --User:rajat.chandra 12:26, 30 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, the excessive quotations were inappropriate, per WP:NOT and WP:NOT.--Srleffler 21:13, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

Redirect to Prostitute, which is another term for harlot.--168.13.191.66 19:57, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Harlot (disambiguation)


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Lockatong Creek

Lockatong Creek is a 15.6 mi tributary of the Delaware River in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. Its source is near Quakertown in Franklin Township. It flows into the Delaware River via an overflow spillway after entering the feeder canal of the Delaware and Raritan Canal in Delaware Township, midway between Raven Rock and Stockton.

Lockatong is derived of a Munsee phrase — lokatink, or “place of wheat meal".

title: Lockatong Creek


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As I Went Out One Morning

"As I Went Out One Morning" is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released as the second song on his 1967 album John Wesley Harding.

Lyrical interpretation and reception
"As I Went Out One Morning" is a narrative song about a man who offers a hand to a woman in chains, but realizes that she wants more than he is offering, and that "she meant to do [him] harm." A character identified as Tom Paine then appears, "command[s] her to yield," and apologizes to the narrator for the woman's actions.

Tom Paine as a figure may represent common sense or civil liberties, which the historical Tom Paine championed. However, it is also likely that this song references the prestigious Tom Paine Award that Dylan received in 1963 from the National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee. Dylan delivered an acceptance speech and was booed and rushed from the stage when he claimed to have empathy for some of Lee Harvey Oswald's feelings. This was followed by a letter from the ECLC and then a poem/letter from Dylan explaining his speech.

In their book Bob Dylan All the Songs: The Story Behind Every Track, authors Philippe Margotin and Jean-Michel Guesdon praise Dylan's vocal performance for "expressing a new maturity" not found in his earlier recordings and note that it is also "one of the first times he sings with vibrato".

The song bears a resemblance to, and is perhaps influenced by, the W. H. Auden poem As I Walked Out One Evening, including sharing the same iambic meter and quatrain form. The first line also bears resemblance to the folk song Lolly Tudum, which begins "as I went out one morning to breathe the pleasant air", popularized in the New York folk scene by the Seeger Family.

Live performance
Dylan has only performed the song live once, in 1974.

title: As I Went Out One Morning


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California Space Authority

The California Space Authority (CSA) was a nonprofit corporation representing the commercial, civil, and national defense/homeland security interests of California's diverse space enterprise community in four domains: Industry, Government, Academia, and Workforce. CSA was also a participating member in the Coalition for Space Exploration. It officially ceased operations on June 10, 2011.

Overview
Former schoolteacher, Assemblywoman and Congresswoman Andrea Seastrand served as the Executive Director of CSA, which was governed by a statewide board of directors, composed of twelve members elected by the CSA Membership. Four directors were selected from each of CSA's three regions (Northern, Central, and Southern California) during elections that are held in the Fall in which each director was elected to a 3-year term. The terms of office were staggered such that half of the seats on the board are up for election each year. The Board would also fill additional 1-year seats with CSA members to ensure adequate representation was met across CSA's constituent types (industry, government, academia, large, small, etc.).

Designated as California's Spaceport Authority, CSA was tasked by the state of California to operate as a member-based "enterprise" association that worked closely with individual, corporate, state and local government and academic stakeholders throughout the state. The main purpose of CSA was to facilitate California's competitiveness within the aerospace industry. In this capacity, CSA was also authorized to facilitate development of California-based spaceports.

Including space-related companies, individual entrepreneurs, government agencies, non-profit organizations and College and University research programs, California's space enterprise provides or supports the delivery of hundreds of space-related products and services to the state and the nation. The total economic impact of California's space enterprise (Commercial, Civil, National Security) was estimated to be in excess of $120 billion. Representing 24% of the global space market, California space enterprise impacts over 251,000 jobs statewide.

Some of the CSA's major responsibilities were to:

 * Serve as the official voice of the State of California on space technology issues to the federal government, other state governments, local governments and the private sector;
 * Act as the official policy advisor to the Governor and State Legislature on space-related matters;
 * Link statewide resources and capital to California space and technology enterprises;
 * Promote California as an international center of space technology;
 * Coordinate the development of the California Strategic Space Plan, and;
 * Design and administer a competitive grant program.

History
The predecessor organization to the California Space Authority (CSA) was the California Space and Technology Alliance (CSTA). The first CSA Board of Directors was seated in January 2001.

The California Space and Technology Alliance was established in 1996 as a 501(c)(6) non-profit organization to foster development of space industry and was officially recognized by the state when Governor Pete Wilson signed Assembly Bill 1475 into law in October 1997. AB 1475, co-sponsored by state Senator John Vasconcellos and Assemblymembers Jim Cunneen, Elaine K. Alquist and Liz Figueroa created the CSTA "to foster the development of specified activities in California related to space flight." The vision of the CSTA was that "California leads the world in space education, research, technology, manufacturing, services and transportation."

The bill also authorized the CSTA to function as the California Spaceport Authority (one of five spaceport authorities in the nation) and set forth the duties of the CSTA. One such duty was to administer the Space Flight Competitive Grant Program.

Prior to enactment of AB 1475, California, which had been a leader in the space industry, did not have a coordinated, statewide voice on space issues. By creating the CSTA, AB 1475 provided a vehicle for such a unified voice. The CSTA served as the official policy advisor to the Governor and the Legislature on space-related matters, while acting as an advocate for the state on space technology issues (CA Government Code 15333.3).

Governed by a statewide board of directors, the space authority was a private nonprofit group whose headline members included Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Northrop Grumman and Raytheon. However, it had managed more than $16 million in taxpayer funds since the 1990s.

Over the past decade, the group's major focus was the California Space Center, a proposed 500000 sqft complex envisioned as providing education, entertainment, cultural activities and office space just outside the only spaceport on the West Coast at Vandenberg Air Force Base in Santa Barbara County.

In January 2011, the CSA was within months of signing a final lease with the Air Force and breaking ground. However, just two months later in March, CSA leadership halted those plans. The space authority said it had determined the California Space Center would have had to navigate Santa Barbara County's strict environmental review process, which would have added three to five years of hearings and approvals before construction could start. CSA had signaled its intent to move the center within the city limits of Lompoc, where city leaders welcomed the project.

On June 10, 2011, officials announced the CSA Board of Directors had agreed the previous Monday to begin the dissolution process, with members voting in favor of breaking up the organization. According to Janice Dunn, former deputy director, a lack of funding led to the decision. In the past few months, the organization learned an expected $5 million in federal money wouldn't be coming through, due in large part to the economic recession.

The dissolution also signaled an end to plans to develop the California Space Center. Difficulty in establishing the planned space center were also cited as reasons for dissolving the corporation. Santa Barbara County’s environmental review process was to add and additional three to five years to the process before construction could even start.

"The California Space Authority, Inc., (CSA) has initiated the process of dissolving the non-profit corporation in accordance with state law and the by-laws of the organization,” the group said in an e-mail statement to supporters. “The CSA board of directors voted unanimously on June 6, 2011, to begin the dissolution process and the members of CSA subsequently voted in favor of corporate dissolution. CSA will cease to operate effective today, June 10, 2011.' – Official statement released to media."

title: California Space Authority


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Mary Pinchot Meyer

Mary Eno Pinchot Meyer (October 14, 1920 – October 12, 1964) was an American painter who lived in Washington D.C. She was married to Cord Meyer from 1945 to 1958, and became involved romantically with President John F. Kennedy after her divorce from Meyer.

Pinchot Meyer was murdered on the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal towpath in Washington, D.C., on October 12, 1964. A suspect, Ray Crump, Jr., was arrested and charged with her murder, but he was ultimately acquitted. Beginning in 1976, Pinchot Meyer's life, her relationship with Kennedy, and her murder became the subjects of numerous articles and books, including a full-length biography by journalist Nina Burleigh.

Early life
Pinchot was born in New York City, the elder of two daughters of Amos and Ruth (née Pickering) Pinchot. Amos Pinchot was a wealthy lawyer and a key figure in the Progressive Party who had helped fund the socialist magazine The Masses. Her mother Ruth was Pinchot's second wife and was a journalist who wrote for such magazines as The Nation and The New Republic. Mary was also the niece of Gifford Pinchot, a noted conservationist and two-time Governor of Pennsylvania. Pinchot and her younger sister Antoinette (nicknamed "Toni") were raised at the family's Grey Towers home in Milford, Pennsylvania. As a child, Pinchot met such left-wing intellectuals as Mabel Dodge, Louis Brandeis, Robert M. La Follette, Sr., and Harold L. Ickes. She attended The Brearley School and Vassar College, where she became interested in Communism. She started dating William Attwood in 1935 and, while with him at a dance held at Choate, first met John F. Kennedy.

After her graduation from Vassar in 1942, Meyer became a journalist, writing for the United Press and Mademoiselle. As a pacifist and member of the American Labor Party, she came under scrutiny by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Marriage
Pinchot met Cord Meyer in 1944 when he was a Marine Corps lieutenant who had lost his left eye because of shrapnel injuries received in combat. The two had similar pacifist views and beliefs in world government, and married on April 19, 1945. That spring they both attended the UN Conference on International Organization in San Francisco, during which the United Nations was founded, Cord as an aide of Harold Stassen and Pinchot as a reporter for a newspaper syndication service. She later worked for a time as an editor for Atlantic Monthly. Their eldest child Quentin was born in November 1945, followed by Michael in 1947, after which Pinchot became a homemaker, although she attended classes at the Art Students League of New York.

Cord Meyer became president of the United World Federalists in May 1947 and its membership doubled. Mary Meyer wrote for the organization's journal. In 1950, their third child, Mark, was born and they moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts. Meanwhile, her husband began to re-evaluate his notions of world government as members of the Communist Party USA infiltrated the international organizations he had founded. In 1951, Cord joined the Central Intelligence Agency after being recruited by Allen Dulles.

With her husband's CIA appointment, they moved to Washington, D.C., and became highly visible members of Georgetown society. Their acquaintances included Joseph Alsop, Katharine Graham, Clark Clifford, and Washington Post reporter James Truitt and his wife, noted artist Anne Truitt. Their social circle also included CIA-affiliated people such as Richard M. Bissell, Jr., high-ranking counter-intelligence official James Angleton, and Mary and Frank Wisner, Meyer's boss at the CIA.

In 1953, Senator Joseph McCarthy publicly accused Cord Meyer of being a Communist. The Federal Bureau of Investigation was reported to have looked into Mary's political past. Allen Dulles and Frank Wisner aggressively defended Meyer, and he remained with the CIA. However, by early 1954, Cord Meyer had become unhappy with his CIA career. He used contacts from his covert operations in Operation Mockingbird to approach several New York publishers for a job, but was rebuffed.

In the summer of 1954, John F. Kennedy and his wife Jackie Kennedy bought the house in McLean, Virginia next door to the Meyers'; at some point Pinchot Meyer and Jackie Kennedy became acquainted and eventually, after both had moved back to Georgetown, "they went on walks together." By the end of 1954, Cord Meyer was still with the CIA and often in Europe, running Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty, and managing millions of dollars of U.S. government funds worldwide to support progressive-seeming foundations and organizations opposing the Soviet Union.

One of Pinchot Meyer's close friends was a fellow Vassar alumna, Cicely d'Autremont, who married James Angleton. In 1955, Meyer's sister Antoinette (Tony) married Ben Bradlee, who was then Washington bureau chief of Newsweek. On December 18, 1956, the Meyers' middle son Michael, aged nine, was hit by a car near their house and died. Although this tragedy brought Mary and Cord Meyer closer for a time, Mary filed for divorce in 1958.

Relationship with Kennedy
After the divorce, Pinchot Meyer and her two surviving sons moved to Georgetown. She began painting again in a converted garage studio at the home of her sister Tony and Tony's husband, Ben Bradlee. She also started a close relationship with abstract-minimalist painter Kenneth Noland and became friendly with Robert F. Kennedy, who had purchased his brother's house, Hickory Hill, in 1957. Nina Burleigh, in her book A Very Private Woman, writes that after the divorce Pinchot Meyer became "a well-bred ingenue out looking for fun and getting in trouble along the way."

Counter-intelligence official James Angleton told Joan Bross, the wife of John Bross, a high-ranking CIA official, that he had begun tapping Pinchot Meyer's telephone after she left her husband. Angleton often visited her Georgetown home and took her sons on fishing outings. Pinchot Meyer visited John F. Kennedy at the White House in October 1961; their relationship became sexually intimate. Pinchot Meyer told Anne and James Truitt that she was keeping a diary.

More than ten years after Pinchot Meyer's death, rumors of her affair with Kennedy began to circulate. In 1976, they were confirmed first by the National Enquirer, then by The Washington Post. Nineteen years later, Post editor Ben Bradlee went into great detail about his sister-in-law Pinchot Meyer's life and murder in his autobiography A Good Life.

In Timothy Leary's 1983 memoir titled Flashbacks: A Personal and Cultural History of an Era, he claimed to have known Pinchot Meyer personally, and said she had influenced Kennedy's "views on nuclear disarmament and rapprochement with Cuba." In an interview with Nina Burleigh, Kennedy aide Myer Feldman said, "I think he might have thought more of her than some of the other women and discussed things that were on his mind, not just social gossip." Burleigh wrote, "Mary might actually have been a force for peace during some of the most frightening years of the Cold War ..."

In a 2008 interview with author Peter Janney for his book Mary's Mosaic, journalist and Kennedy intimate Charles Bartlett emphasized the serious nature of Pinchot Meyer's romance with the late president, stating, "That was a dangerous relationship. Jack was in love with Mary Meyer. He was certainly smitten with her, he was heavily smitten. He was very frank with me about it." Pinchot Meyer was a guest at the intimate party hosted by Jacqueline Kennedy in honor of President Kennedy aboard the yacht Sequoia on his 46th and last birthday celebration, May 29, 1963.

In October 1963, one month before his assassination, Kennedy wrote a letter to Mary Pinchot Meyer, imploring her to join him for a tryst. The unsent letter, written on White House stationery and retained by Kennedy's personal secretary Evelyn Lincoln, sold in June 2016 at auction for just under $89,000. The letter reads: "Why don't you leave suburbia for once – come and see me – either here – or at the Cape next week or in Boston the 19th. I know it is unwise, irrational, and that you may hate it – on the other hand you may not – and I will love it. You say that it is good for me not to get what I want. After all of these years – you should give me a more loving answer than that. Why don't you just say yes." The letter is signed "J."

Murder and investigation
On October 12, 1964, Pinchot Meyer finished a painting, then went for her customary daily walk along the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal towpath in Georgetown. Mechanic Henry Wiggins was trying to fix a car on Canal Road and heard a woman cry out, "Someone help me, someone help me." Wiggins heard two gunshots and ran to a low wall looking upon the path where he saw "a black man in a light jacket, dark slacks, and a dark cap standing over the body of a white woman."

Pinchot Meyer's body had two bullet wounds, one in the left temple and one in the back. An FBI forensic expert testified at trial that "dark haloes on the skin around both entry wounds suggested they had been fired at close range, possibly point blank". The precision, placement and instantaneous lethality of the wounds suggested to the District of Columbia medical examiner that the killer was highly trained in the use of firearms.

Approximately forty minutes after the murder, Washington, D.C., police detective John Warner spotted a soaking-wet African American man named Ray Crump about a quarter of a mile from the murder scene. Crump wasn't running; "He was walking," Detective Warner testified at the murder trial. Crump was arrested at 1:15 pm near the murder scene, based on car mechanic Wiggins' statement to police that Crump was the man he had seen standing over the victim's body as well as Crump's inability to give police a coherent explanation for his presence in the area. The day after the murder, a second witness, Army Lt. William L. Mitchell, came forward and told police that when jogging on the towpath the preceding day, he had seen a black man trailing a white woman he believed was Mary Meyer. Mitchell's description of the man's clothing was similar to the clothing Crump had been wearing that day. On the strength of the statements of these two witnesses, Crump was indicted without a preliminary hearing. No gun was ever found, however, and Crump was never linked to any gun of the type used to murder Mary Pinchot Meyer.

The FBI Crime Report, withheld from the defense during the trial and published by Peter Janney in his book Mary's Mosaic, documented that there was no forensic evidence linking Crump to the victim or murder scene. Despite the fact that Pinchot Meyer bled profusely from her head wound, no trace of her blood was found on Crump's person or clothing.

A very short time after Pinchot Meyer's brother-in-law Ben Bradlee finished eating lunch, hours before police identified the body, CIA official Wistar Janney placed a phone call to Bradlee. According to Bradlee's account in his memoir A Good Life, moments earlier Janney had heard a radio news report about the murder of a woman at the C&O Canal. The victim was not identified by name. Author Peter Janney, son of Wistar, has established that as of approximately 2:00 pm, when District of Columbia police had Ray Crump in custody at the station, they did not know the identity of the murder victim. This was because Pinchot Meyer had not carried identification or a purse while walking on the canal towpath. She owned a pocketbook that her brother-in-law Bradlee, several hours after he identified her body at the morgue, found in her art studio.

According to Bradlee's memoir, he did not listen to the radio before Wistar Janney phoned him about the radio news report of the anonymous murder victim. Bradlee was unaware a murder had taken place. The description of the woman in the radio news report made Janney think she was Bradlee's sister-in-law, according to what he told Bradlee on the phone. Bradlee immediately left his workplace at the downtown Washington, DC office of Newsweek and went to his home in the Georgetown neighborhood. During his trip, he was uncertain as to who had been murdered; he arrived home and noticed the presence of several neighbors, including his close friend Harry "Doc" Dalinsky, a pharmacist. Dalinsky accompanied a shocked and distraught Bradlee to the District of Columbia morgue, where Bradlee identified his sister-in-law's body.

According to Cord Meyer's account, immediately after Wistar Janney phoned Ben Bradlee about the radio news report, Janney then phoned him, notifying him that a murder had occurred on the C&O Canal towpath and that his ex-wife Pinchot Meyer was indeed the victim.

Both in Bradlee's 1995 memoir and in a 2007 interview he did with Peter Janney, he did not voice suspicion about how Peter's father Wistar had known the identity of the murder victim who had not carried any documentation of her name or home address. Peter Janney says that in 2007, Bradlee "had a hard time recollecting certain events."

Police identified the body after 3:45 pm. Wistar Janney had phoned Ben Bradlee "just after lunch" — Bradlee's words in his memoir.

When Raymond Crump came to trial in 1965, Judge Howard Corcoran ruled Mary Pinchot Meyer's private life could not be disclosed in the courtroom. Pinchot Meyer's background was also kept from Dovey Johnson Roundtree, Crump's lawyer, who later recalled she could find out almost nothing about the murder victim: "It was as if she existed only on the towpath on the day she was murdered." At trial, Roundtree demonstrated the porousness of the police dragnet and showed that Ray Crump was 50 pounds lighter and 5 inches shorter than the 5 feet 8 inch, 185 pound male that Henry Wiggins had described to police. Although Lt. William L. Mitchell estimated the height of the man he claimed to have seen trailing Pinchot Meyer at five feet 8 inches, Mitchell was not able to identify Ray Crump as that man when Mitchell testified at trial. Crump was acquitted of all charges on July 29, 1965, and the murder remains unsolved. Author Nina Burleigh has argued that Crump's post-trial criminal history indicates his capacity to murder Meyer. Defense attorney Roundtree, however, attributed Crump's post-trial violence to the trauma he suffered during his eight-month imprisonment while he awaited trial for Pinchot Meyer's murder. Other post-trial revelations appear to corroborate his innocence in the Meyer murder, notably the likely presence of another black man at the crime scene and the fact that police dispatched a search for Crump's jacket 15 minutes before his arrest. Crump's attorney Roundtree, in her autobiography Mighty Justice, stated that Crump had an alibi witness in the person of the married woman with whom he was having a sexual encounter near the crime scene, that the woman's account squared with Crump's account that he gave Roundtree, but that she refused to testify out of fear of her husband and disappeared before Crump's trial.

Ben Bradlee said in A Good Life that despite Raymond Crump's acquittal on all charges, immediately thereafter District of Columbia police physically escorted him to the border of the District of Columbia and Virginia. Police told him never to set foot in the District of Columbia again. He was the father of six underage children who lived in the District of Columbia.

Cord Meyer left the CIA in 1977. In his 1982 autobiography Facing Reality: From World Federalism to the CIA, he wrote, "I was satisfied by the conclusions of the police investigation that Mary had been the victim of a sexually motivated assault by a single individual and that she had been killed in her struggle to escape." He stated he rejected "journalistic speculation" that said he believed his former wife's death had some other explanation.

James Truitt and the National Enquirer
The March 2, 1976, issue of the National Enquirer quoted James Truitt as stating Meyer had a two-year affair with John F. Kennedy and that they smoked marijuana in a White House bedroom. According to Truitt, their first rendezvous occurred after Meyer was chauffeured to the White House in a limousine driven by a Secret Service agent where she was met by Kennedy and taken to a bedroom. He stated that Meyer and Kennedy regularly met in that manner, sometimes two or three times each week, until his assassination. Truitt said the two would "usually have drinks or dinner alone or sometimes with one of the aides", and claimed that Meyer offered marijuana cigarettes to Kennedy after one such meeting on April 16, 1962. He said after they smoked three joints, she commented, "This isn't like cocaine. I'll get you some of that." According to the Enquirer, Meyer also kept a diary of the affair. The publication quoted Toni Bradlee — Meyer's sister — as confirming the existence of the affair and the diary, stating that Bradlee found the diary in Meyer's studio after her death, then turned it over to James Jesus Angleton, who subsequently burned it at CIA headquarters.

In an interview with a correspondent from The Washington Post, Truitt confirmed the Enquirer's account, stated that Meyer had told him of the affair, and that he had kept notes about what he had been told. According to Truitt, Meyer and Kennedy met approximately 30 times — frequently when Jackie Kennedy was out of town — from January 1962 until the time of the President's death in November 1963. Truitt stated that the two would occasionally have drinks or dinner with one of Kennedy's aides, whom he identified as David Powers and Timothy J. Reardon Jr. Contradicting his earlier account with the Enquirer, Truitt said Kennedy gave the marijuana to Meyer. Truitt acknowledged that he received payment from the Enquirer, but did not disclose the amount of payment.

Truitt's allegations were denied by Kennedy aides Kenneth O'Donnell and Timothy Reardon, Jr., and Powers was unavailable for comment. Pinchot Meyer's sister Tony stated that the Enquirer had quoted her out of context to create the impression that she agreed with Truitt's allegations. The Washington Post, Associated Press and United Press International printed a follow-up story that cited assertions by Truitt's physician and his former wife that his judgment was impaired by mental illness. However, Truitt's allegations regarding Pinchot Meyer's affair with the late President Kennedy and the existence of a diary in which she recorded the affair were confirmed in 1995 by her brother-in-law Ben Bradlee in his memoir A Good Life.

Diary
Ben Bradlee states in his 1995 memoir A Good Life that for several hours after he and his wife Tony learned her sister had been murdered, they were unaware she had kept a diary. On the night of the murder in their time zone, they received an international phone call from Pinchot Meyer's friend Anne Truitt in Japan. She was looking for James Jesus Angleton at the Bradlee house. Truitt advised all of them, including Angleton, of the existence of the Pinchot Meyer diary and the urgent need to retrieve it, given what Truitt said were its details of Meyer's affair with President Kennedy during the last two years of his life. A decision was then quickly made by Bradlee, his wife Tony, James Angleton and his wife Cicely, and another friend present at the scene, that if they found the diary, they were going to keep its existence from authorities.

According to Bradlee's 1995 account – one of at least four conflicting versions of the events surrounding the diary – the search at Pinchot Meyer's art studio behind the Bradlee house began the day after the murder. Bradlee says he and his wife arrived at the studio with tools to obtain entry, since they had no key, and upon arriving they found Angleton in the process of picking the lock with special tools he had for that purpose. "The fact that the CIA's most controversial counterintelligence specialist had been caught in the act of breaking and entering, and looking for her diary," Bradlee said, was not something he considered appropriate for public disclosure. Regarding their discovery of the diary two days after the murder, he added that he and his wife, upon reading it and seeing that it revealed Pinchot Meyer's affair with the late President Kennedy, "concluded this was in no sense a public document, despite the braying of the knee jerks about some public right to know."

Bradlee testimony at murder trial
Bradlee's 1995 memoir account conflicted with the testimony he gave at the July 1965 trial of Ray Crump, the African-American laborer accused of Pinchot Meyer's murder, where he was asked by prosecuting attorney  whether he had made any effort to gain entrance to his sister-in-law's art studio on the evening of the murder. Bradlee answered in the affirmative, but gave no indication of any difficulty in entering the padlocked premises, nor of the presence of anyone else accompanying him in this endeavor. Asked by prosecutor Alfred Hantman, "Now besides the usual articles of Mrs. Meyer's avocation, did you find there any other articles of her personal property?" Bradlee replied, "There was a pocketbook there," adding that it contained keys, a wallet, cosmetics, and pencils. He made no mention of the diary.

Upon learning years later of the existence, contents and alleged burning of the diary, prosecutor Alfred Hantman and defense attorney Dovey Johnson Roundtree, as well as D.C. Police Detective Bernie Crooke, stated that knowledge of that information at the time of the trial would have materially affected the proceedings. "I'd have been very upset at the time if I'd known that the deceased's diary had been destroyed," Crooke told author Ron Rosenbaum in 1976. In a 1991 interview with the late author Leo Damore, Hantman said that he had been "totally unaware of who Mary Meyer was or what her connections were," and that having that knowledge "could have changed everything." In her 2009 autobiography, Justice Older than the Law (reissued in 2019 as Mighty Justice), defense counsel Dovey Roundtree expressed shock at learning of the diary's significance from Bradlee's book. "How differently my line of cross-examination would have run had I been aware, on July 20, 1965, of the story Mr. Bradlee told thirty years later in his autobiography ... James Angleton's awareness of the diary's existence and his interest in finding it, reading it, and destroying it – all of that unsettled me deeply when I read Mr. Bradlee's 1995 account, as did his insistence that the diary was a private document ... Had I been aware of it, I would have felt compelled to pursue it."

Pinchot Meyer biographers Peter Janney and Nina Burleigh have both criticized Bradlee's omission of key information under oath. "Bradlee had excoriated Cord Meyer [Pinchot Meyer's ex-husband] for his 'derisive scorn' for the people's right to know in the 1960s, but the rules changed when the subject of a story was his sister-in-law," Burleigh says. "The First Amendment champion of the Watergate investigation admitted in his memoir that he gave Mary Meyer's diary to the CIA because it was 'a family document.'"

Timothy Leary
In his 1983 autobiography Flashbacks, former Harvard University psychology lecturer Timothy Leary claimed to have met Pinchot Meyer several times. According to Leary, Pinchot Meyer first came to see him at Harvard to learn how to give LSD sessions. They used psilocybin together, and she warned him that there were "powerful men" in Washington who wanted to "use drugs for warfare, for espionage, for brainwashing" while she and a group of women wanted to use drugs "for peace, not war" by holding LSD sessions with powerful Washington figures to enlighten them. Pinchot Meyer gave Leary no clue that the president of the United States was one of the powerful men.

Leary writes that Pinchot Meyer became afraid after one of the women she recruited for her plan to "turn on" powerful men in Washington "snitched" and she warned Leary that they were both in danger. Soon after JFK's assassination he received a phone call from a sobbing Pinchot Meyer in which she said, "They couldn't control him any more. He was changing too fast ... They've covered everything up."

After the 1976 publication of the National Enquirer article on James Truitt's claims, Leary realized Pinchot Meyer had been describing her affair and drug use with President Kennedy. He makes this claim in his 1983 memoir.

Biographers of both Leary and Meyer have treated Leary's claims with dismissal or caution. Leary biographer Robert Greenfield believes that Leary did have contact with Pinchot Meyer but found no evidence that Pinchot Meyer had taken LSD with Kennedy and writes that "a good deal of what Tim reported as fact in Flashbacks is pure fantasy." Pinchot Meyer biographer Nina Burleigh also believes that Leary and Pinchot Meyer met, but writes that "No one has ever confirmed that Kennedy tried LSD with Mary." She notes, however, that "the timing of her visits to Timothy Leary do coincide with her known private meetings with the president."

title: Mary Pinchot Meyer


text: User talk:68.60.174.203

title: User talk:68.60.174.203


text:
Sabri Jiryis

Sabri Jiryis (صبري جريس, Ṣābri Jiryis, סברי ג'ריס; born in 1938), also known as Sabri Jaris, Sabri Geries or Sabri Jirais, is a Palestinian-Arab Israeli writer and lawyer, a graduate of the Hebrew University law faculty, and Palestinian activist. In 1966, the first edition of his book The Arabs in Israel was published in Hebrew.

Biography
Jiryis was born in 1938, in the Palestinian Christian town of Fassuta, Mandatory Palestine.

Arrest in Israel
He was given an "Administrative House Arrest" on 25 April 1969. The order was given by the Chief of the Northern Command, David Elazar and based on Emergency Regulations. According to this order Jiryis was to:

 * not live outside the city limits of Haifa,
 * not change home within Haifa without police permission,
 * not leave the city of Haifa without police permission,
 * report to the police every day at 15.45,
 * stay in his home from one hour before sunset until dawn.

20 February 1970 he was jailed on another Administrative regulation. In March 1970, Jiryis was one of the initiators of a hunger strike by Palestinian administrative detainees, which attracted wide support, including demonstrations in Israel and across the world. He was allowed to leave Israel later in 1970, and moved to Beirut, Lebanon, where he became director of the Palestine Research Centre.

PLO activism
About 1975, Yasser Arafat sent Jiryis together with Issam Sartawi to Washington, D.C. to open an office to represent the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). These two held a series of meetings, among others with people prominent in American Jewish groups in New York and Washington. Rabbi Max Ticktin and Arthur Waskow (both members of "Breira") were among five American Jews at the Washington meeting. According to some sources, Jiryis and Sartawi were within a few hours of holding a press conference to announce the establishment of their new office. However, Henry Kissinger, then the Secretary of State, working in coordination with Yitzhak Rabin, then the Israeli Prime Minister, sent the FBI to the Capitol Hilton Hotel to deport Jiryis and Sartawi.

About the same time, Israeli doves General Mattityahu Peled, Uri Avnery and Arie Eliav had been meeting for months in Paris, France, with Jiryis and Sartawi.

In 1977, Jiryis, as a member of the Palestinian National Council, wrote:

"The Palestinians may, in certain circumstances, be ready to seek a settlement in the area to which Israel is a party. But they are not prepared to conclude an agreement recognizing the legitimacy of Zionism; no Palestinian Arab can ever accept as legitimate, a doctrine that he should be excluded from most parts of his homeland, because he is a Muslim Arab or a Christian Arab, while anyone of the Jewish faith from anywhere in the world is entitled to settle there. Realism may require recognition of the existence of a Jewish state in Palestine and that this fact be taken into account in seeking a settlement. But this can never mean approving the expansionist and exclusivist tendencies of Zionism. The Journal of Palestine Studies, 1977."

During the 1982 Lebanon War, the Palestine Research Centre's historical archives were seized by occupying Israeli forces, but were returned as part of the November 1983 prisoner exchange with the PLO. In February 1983, a saboteur's bomb destroyed the centre; among those killed was Jiryis's wife.

Jiryis moved on to Nicosia, Cyprus, in July 1983. In 1995, after the Oslo Accords, he returned to Israel.

2005 arrest of his brother
On 7 January 2006, it became known that his brother, Jiryis Jiryis, age 57, a resident of the Christian village of Fassuta, had been arrested on 12 December 2005. The arrest was kept secret by the Israeli military censor until an Acre municipal court judge accepted the Israeli newspaper Haaretz's request to lift a ban on publication of the affair. The Shin Bet security service and the police alleged that Jiryis Jiryis had been recruited by Iranian intelligence during a stay in Cyprus. Sabri Jiryis, acting as his brothers attorney, claimed that the suspicions were baseless. Jiryis said the security services had been tracking his brother for nine months, and that during his interrogation, he was presented with a recording of a phone call during which his brother was heard rejecting the Iranian agents' offer of assistance. "'My brother is a very secular man, affiliated with the PLO's centrist stream, who believes in peace talks and a two-state solution for two nations,' he told Haaretz, and added: "What they are trying to ascribe to him contradicts his political outlook." "During the detention, the police dropped the spy charges initially ascribed to him" Sabri Jiryis added further, and he believed the additional suspicions against his brother would be refuted "because the police have no evidence on the matter."

Bibliography, articles (partial)

 * Jiryis, Sabri: Recent Knesset Legislation and the Arabs in Israel, in Journal of Palestine Studies,  1, no. 1  (Aut. 1971): 53-67.
 * Jiryis, Sabri: The Legal Structure for the Expropriation and Absorption of  Arab Lands in Israel, in Journal of Palestine Studies,  2, no. 4 (Sum. 1973): 82-104.
 * Jiryis, Sabri: No Peace in Israel, interview in Journal of Palestine Studies, 4, no. 4 (Sum. 1975): 26-40.
 * Jiryis, Sabri: On Political Settlement in the Middle East: The Palestinian Dimension in Journal of Palestine Studies, 7, no. 1 (Aut. 1977): 3-25.
 * Jiryis, Sabri: Israeli Rejectionism in Journal of Palestine Studies, 8, no. 1 (Aut. 1978): 61-84.
 * Jiryis, Sabri: The Arab World at the Crossroads: The Opposition to Sadat, in Journal of Palestine Studies, 7, no. 2 (Win. 1978): 26-61.
 * Jiryis, Sabri: The Arabs in Israel, 1973-79, in Journal of Palestine Studies, 8, no. 4 (Sum. 1979): 31-56.
 * Jiryis, Sabri: Secrets of State: An Analysis of the Diaries of Moshe Sharett,  in Journal of Palestine Studies, 10, no. 1 (Aut. 1980): 35-57.
 * Jiryis, Sabri: Domination by the Law, in Journal of Palestine Studies, 11, no. 1 (Aut. 1981): 67-92.
 * Jiryis, Sabri: Forty Years since the Seizure of Palestine, in Journal of Palestine Studies, 18, no. 1 (Aut.  1988): 83-95.

title: Sabri Jiryis


text: User talk:66.41.212.243

title: User talk:66.41.212.243


text:
Talk:Asmara

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Rachelm23.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 14:51, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Old talk
Have a listen to: http://www.bbc.co.uk/africalives/features/listenagain.shtml

On the BBC, a very interesting report

Fair use image
The pic of the building is fair use. I suspect its possible for someone else to get a pic of it, hence its marked as fairusereplace. 68.39.174.238 05:41, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

Gallery
I have added some pictures but am unsure how to organise them into a gallery. I think that many of these pictures accurately represent asmara so could someone arrange them into a gallery for me? Thanks Segafreak2 10:30, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

Asmara became Italian on August 3, 1889.
Asmara, the formar capital of Ras Alula, became Italian on August 3, 1889. General Antonio Baldissera took the town.

Asmara in WWII.
During WWII Asmara was attacked by the British Royal Air Force (the first air raid took place on June 11, 1940). The British took the town on April 1, 1941 after the bloody battle of Keren.

War cut this short however, but his injection of funds adversely made Asmara what it is today, and was supposedly a symbol that Fascism was working and an ideal system of government.
I do not understand what is meant by the adverb 'adversely' here (under the Features sub-heading in the Asmara entry). Does anyone else? Maybe a clearer wording could be substituted by someone who thinks they understand the writer's intention. Please? Charles01 (talk) 12:11, 15 August 2008 (UTC)

changed the altitude of Asmara to 2400 meters
I changed the altitude of Asmara to 2400 meters (7,874ft) as I was there all over the city (and the country) with a 3d GPS and Asmara is at 2400 or slightly above as are most of the mountain tops and plateaus in that part of the country.

--Rachelm23 (talk) 04:02, 9 November 2016 (UTC) Education--Rachelm23 (talk) 04:02, 9 November 2016 (UTC) I added more information about the University admission process.

Asmara
In regards to the changes of Asmara (1)

1. ኣሥመራ is not a 'Native script variant name,' as previously stated, Tigrigna does not use the letter ሥ, only ስ is used. In Eritrea this is always the standard, even for direct Ge'ez loan-words which used the former spelling.

2. In all native use, Asmara is spelled ኣስመራ, the citation given (2) is not an example of native use.

3. a) This citation directly denies any claims of it's accuracy. "The information regarding ኣሥመራ in Eritrea on this page is published from the data supplied by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, a member of the Intelligence community of the United States of America, and a Department of Defense (DoD) Combat Support Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of ኣሥመራ information contained here."

3 b) The information on this citation seems to come from the US National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (3) which gives a similar disclaimer: "The geographic names in this database are provided for the guidance of and use by the Federal Government and for the information of the general public. The names, variants, and associated data may not reflect the views of the United States Government on the sovereignty over geographic features."

4. There is zero relevance of this additional citation which seems to be the geographic coordinates of a random church.

5. In addition, the letter ሥ is used only in Ethiopia, where it (in addition to ስ) is still used in Amharic; also that the additional citation "Ye’Inglīz Bēte Kristīyan" is clearly Amharic too; this provides additional evidence of irrelevance.

Simply put, Amharic is a foreign language in Eritrea and should not be used to describe the capital of Asmara. This is the same reasoning why the English wikipedia article on London does not list the French (Londres) as a native variant. Mesfin (talk) 11:53, 7 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Mesfin asked me to take a look at this dispute over an alternative name for Asmara as a third party. While I am not an expert in either Amharic or Tigrigna (let alone know how to even read a menu or give directions to a taxi driver in either), I do have some concerns about this alternative name:
 * The Geospatial data base is simply a collection of placenames drawn from maps by agencies of the US government. While this collection is accurate as far as the transcription of these placenames & the fact they appear on published maps, having worked with this database in depth, I have found that its sources vary greatly in their accuracy & in their age. (See Articles for deletion/Ad Arisc for a recent example where a placename is shown to be wrong.)
 * Then there is the nature of this name. As I said, I'm not an expert on either language, but I do know that "Bēte Kristīyan" means "church" in Amharic (literally "Christian house"), & I suspect that the full name -- "Ye’Inglīz Bēte Kristīyan" -- means "The English Church". Asmara has been in existence for at least a few centuries (I have found 17th century references to it & suspect the settlement is even older), long before people from England ever visited that stretch of the Red Sea coast. This placename most likely refers to a mission church run by English missionaries, not the entire city; I do know that the Geospatial data base contains coordinates for a number of churches. This is not unusual: churches are commonly considered permanent landmarks, & Asmara is large enough that landmarks inside of its boundaries make sense.
 * On the point of the Amharic version of Asmara, I believe that can be included -- as long as it is properly flagged as the Amharic spelling. Wikipedia does include foreign names of cities & places. (See the long & acrimonious disputes over including the German names of cities & towns in Poland as well as elsewhere in Eastern Europe. Last I looked, they are included because the German form is used in older English works.) But I'd like to see a citation -- other than the Geospatial data base -- that this spelling is commonly used by Amhara users before I'd feel 100% comfortable with including it. And even if it is included, there is the question of where it should be included & how much attention this variant spelling deserves. -- llywrch (talk) 17:48, 7 December 2010 (UTC)

Added information under the sections of: economy, religion, and transportation. Economy: The city of Asmara is a center for agricultural products and tanning hides. The primary industrial products of Asmara are: textiles, clothing, footwear, processed meat, beer, soft drinks, and ceramics. Religion: The city of Asmara is a center for agricultural products and tanning hides. The primary industrial products of Asmara are: textiles, clothing, footwear, processed meat, beer, soft drinks, and ceramics. Transportation: There is one airport in Asmara, the Asmara International Airport. The airport is very limited in capacity and land extent. The short length of the runways inhibits large air crafts from flying to the Asmara airport, and instead these planes must land at Massawa International Airport, located in the city of Massawa. After the independence of Eritrea, the roads of Asmara went under construction. The old roads were renovated and new highways were also built. There are only five primary roads out of Asmara: it is one of Africa’s most isolated capitals. Sources: http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Asmara#Economy http://www.wsj.com/articles/what-its-like-inside-asmara-one-of-africas-most-isolated-capitals-1445390907

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2024. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Gyrofrog (talk) 18:59, 20 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Aside from the copyright concern, the text (as written) violated WP:NPOV. I cited the website in question as a reference, and worked it into the existing text in the "Features" section. -- Gyrofrog  (talk) 18:59, 20 February 2014 (UTC)

Assessment comment
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ethiopian/tigrayan vandals are attacking this article
To every good faith editor on here, please be alert to vandals from ethiopian/tigrayan backgrounds who have been vandalising this article for years now. Go through the history and you will see their edits. Do not hesitate to revert their edits because it is being done with malice and not good faith editing. You can normally tell the edits by the bad english and hyperbole use of language to inflate "ethiopian/tigrayan" things and attack "eritrean" things.HarryDirty (talk) 06:37, 19 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Please ignore the advice above: bad edits should be discouraged, and good edits should be encouraged, independently of trying to guess the ethnic or national or citizenship backgrounds of the editors. The above editor appears to have been blocked as a sockpuppet. Boud (talk) 14:20, 1 March 2021 (UTC)

Notable people
According to, some level of criteria needs to be met to be considered notable. Also would be better to add or create a page for this (e.g List of people from Accra, see and linking to it rather then adding a long list of names. Leechjoel9 (talk) 10:35, 4 April 2020 (UT* C)
 * 1) Since you went on the talk page (and this is good), the stable version of the article should be kept until consensus has been reached. Beacause of my revert, it is clear that at the moment there is no consensus for this removal;
 * 2) According to WP:BIO, condition necessary to write an article about a person on wikipedia is his/her notability. Since all the cited people in this article have an article, they are per se notable. If - despite that - you think that one or more of the cited people are not notable, please open a discussion on the respective article or go the project Biography;
 * 3) If you think that we need a list of notable people of Asmara, feel free to write it and to cite it in this article. Until then, please don't remove anything from the article, since removing text without a valid reason is considered disruptive editing, and can lead to a block. Alex2006 (talk) 12:47, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

 * Good that you engaged in this discussion. Just being born in a city is not a reason to be considered notable, but in this case this is not the major issue. You are arguing for adding  list of persons to this article, a list that can grow by hundreds of names which will not last in the long run. The best way to handle such list is by creating an article and cite to it in this article, which  also seems as the best practice according Wikipedia. The person that you are arguing for should create such article. Leechjoel9 (talk) 14:28, 5 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Very good! If the number of notable people will grow by the hundreds, as you say, and will become unmanageable, I will create a list, and link it to the article. Until then (currently there are 8 entries), there is no need to split it (about that, please see Manual of Style/Lists), and the list, as the manual says, will stay in the article. Cheers. Alex2006 (talk) 08:59, 7 April 2020 (UTC)

Notable people again
A suggestion is to include only people of Eritrean origin in this section, since some people is causing controversy, or create article with link to notable people of Asmara and remove the list from this article. Leechjoel9 (talk) 18:29, 26 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Neither nor. Wikipedia cannot be censored. Alex2006 (talk) 20:42, 26 February 2021 (UTC)

 * This is not a censorship, there is different views on the matter. Your view is to keep it as is. This article should be relevant to Asmara and people of Eritrea which it should represent. Another alternative is to create a list for notable Eritreans from Asmara and another one for notable non Eritreans from Asmara. Still a link to these lists is more preferable instead of presenting them here, since these list or some people in them has nothing to do with Asmara or Eritrea other than being born or lived there.Leechjoel9 (talk) 21:31, 26 February 2021 (UTC)

 * A policy to exclude the currently most famous person in the world born in Asmara, on the grounds that he does not hold Eritrean citizenship, would be, to put it politely, absurd. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus was in world news headlines almost daily for several months of 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic, and he's still in the headlines almost every week or so, depending on which sources you read. He's overwhelmingly notable, and there's no dispute (as far as I know) that he was born in Asmara. Boud (talk) 14:58, 27 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Exactly. If a person was born in place X and is notable, he/she belongs to article X. Her/his nationality is considered in the list itself, and it's like that everywhere on wikipedia. About your last proposal (two lists) here on wikipedia we don't do apartheid: your last proposal is repulsive, as well as going against another policy (NPOV), because it implies that there is a difference between an Eritrean and a non-Eritrean born and living in Asmara. And about moving the list to a separate article, this would make sense if the list contained hundreds of names, and this is not (yet) the case here. And sure a list will never be split from an article if the reason for the split is what you say, that is to hide the past of the city. If you have trouble accepting Asmara's Italian and Ethiopian past, I can understand, but your feelings about this past should in no way influence your work here. I conclude by saying that having discussions about proposals that contradict a wikipedia policy doesn't make sense: once warned that the policy exists, and explained the reasons behind that policy, the initiator of the discussion is given some time to retrace his/her steps, and if he/she does not do it, the next step will be a report to ANI, and that's what will happen in this case too.Alex2006 (talk) 07:35, 28 February 2021 (UTC)

Native name in infobox
A lot of edit warring on this, but no talk page discussion, so I'll start one. The issue seems to what should be contained in the "Native Name" field in the infobox. Should it be the city's name in Tigrinya, ኣስመራ, the name in Arabic, أسمرة, both, or neither? I'll start by saying I read neither Tigrinya or Arabic, so I have no insight on whether the two names I listed are in fact the ways that Tigrinya-speakers and Arabic-speakers write the name of the city called Asmara in English. I'm just going to assume that they are, since there doesn't seem to be any dispute about that. The description of the "native_name" field in the infobox settlement template says Name in the official local language, if different from name, and if not English. As an example, the article for Vienna shows the city's name in German, "Wien," in the infobox in the native name field. The "native_name_lang" field's description says If there is more than one native name, in different languages, enter those names using -the lang template-, instead. So, there's clearly the intention that the native name field can include the name in more than one local language. As mentioned in Languages of Eritrea, the Eritrean Constitution doesn't define any official language or languages. There are various sources, including the CIA World Factbook, that describe Arabic as an "official language" of Eritrea, and others, including at least one Eritrean government website, that refer it it as a frequent working language. Hopefully we can start a productive and collaborative discussion, rather than just ongoing edit-warring on the article page. Pinging, ,. BubbaJoe123456 (talk) 19:57, 30 December 2021 (UTC)

 * Thanks for starting this discussion. The Arabic name can be considered official, and I included it in the official languages section of the infobox. Another reason it makes sense to include the Arabic name is that it is present on maps (e.g. Google Maps) next to the English name of the city. – Batreeq ( Talk ) (Contribs) 04:11, 31 December 2021 (UTC)

 * The native name should be written in the native name which is in Tigrinya, see Wikipedia naming conventions of geographic places WP:NCGN. The city was created through four villages called “arbate Asmara” meaning four Asmara in Tigrinya (see the history) who later merged together and became “Asmara”, this was in 800BCE, long before any arrival of Arabic speakers to the shores of the Red Sea of Eritrea. The country has eight native languages (Tigrinya, Tigre, Kunama, Nara, Bilen, Afar, Saho, Herab). Arabic is not native although spoken by the recognised Rashaida ethnic group who constitute 1-2% of the population and who arrived in Eritrea a little more than hundred years ago as refugees. The rest of the population are not native speakers of Arabic. The country has no defined official language at policy level, but have three working languages and all languages are considered equal according to the constitution. The native name is only displayed in “native name” field within the info box which is correct. Leechjoel9 (talk) 10:11, 31 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I think it is important to understand if there is an important minority in Asmara that speaks Arabic. If yes, we have to put the name in Arabic; if not, no. In Italy, the municipalities of South Tyrol/Alto Adige where the great majority of the inhabitants are german speaking (basically all except Bolzano and Merano) have in the infobox only the name in German, altough Italian is also an official language: I think we should follow the same pattern. Alex2006 (talk) 06:54, 4 January 2022 (UTC)
 * The name derived and got its meaning from the Tigrinya language per the history. In the case of Massawa that pattern seem to be more accurate, which you also added. Removal of the native name info box is also an option given the variety of languages spoken and that the English name is well established and also sufficient on the english WP. Leechjoel9 (talk) 09:40, 4 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Thoughts on placing it in the official name section (as explained previously)? I recognize that it is not native, which is why I was placing it in the official name section. – Batreeq ( Talk ) (Contribs) 04:29, 14 January 2022 (UTC)

Abdlbrii
Zakir0968453516 ABDIBRII — Preceding unsigned comment added by 196.190.91.97 (talk) 17:41, 23 June 2022 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Asmara


text:
User:YaworskiJ85

I am Joshua Yaworski. Although I am only 14 years old, I have my own opinionated views on the modern government, and the behaviours of my fellow man. Those who understand the stupidity of modern society. I wish to let you know, that as a helpfull user suggested, I have an 9 year old brother who is quite the obnoxious brat. He found my link to this site and made some stupid and rude comments on many pages. I hope all of you users out there except my humblest apologies.

title: User:YaworskiJ85


text:
Plectasin

Plectasin is an antibiotic protein from the mushroom Pseudoplectania nigrella. It was initially discovered in 2005 and commercialised by Novozymes. Plectasin belongs to the antimicrobial peptide class called fungal defensins, which is also present in invertebrates such as flies and mussels.

Clinical trials
Pre-clinical tests in mice have shown promising results in that multiresistant bacteria have problems mutating resistance against plectasin, which acts by directly binding the bacterial cell-wall precursor Lipid II in a supramolecular complex.

At the end of 2008, Novozymes signed a global licensing agreement with Sanofi-Aventis for the further development and marketing of NZ2114, a derivative of plectasin, as a treatment for gram-positive bacterial infections, e.g. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus which are resistant to all existing antibiotics.

title: Plectasin


text: User talk:69.143.121.167

title: User talk:69.143.121.167


text: User talk:70.111.205.197

title: User talk:70.111.205.197


text:
Category:Rail cooperatives

Rail cooperatives are cooperatives that serve the rail transport industry.

title: Category:Rail cooperatives


text:
Raven Grimassi

Gary Charles Erbe (April 12, 1951 – March 10, 2019), known as Raven Grimassi, was an American author of over 20 books, including topics on Wicca, Stregheria, witchcraft and neo-paganism. He popularized Stregheria, the religious practice of witchcraft with roots in Italy. Grimassi presented this material in the form of neo-paganism through his books. He had been a practitioner of witchcraft for over 45 years and was the co-director of the Ash, Birch and Willow tradition. He died of pancreatic cancer on March 10, 2019.

Early life and education
Grimassi was born Gary Charles Erbe in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His father was Herbert Erbe Jr. (1922–2004), who was of German and Scots heritage, and who served as a sergeant in the United States Army in World War II. His mother was Flora Gemma Erbe (1915–2011), born in Pagani, Campania.

Herbert and Flora met in Italy during his military service, and they married in 1944. Flora's father was Giovanni Rescigno, a train station master in Naples, a Freemason, and an Italian witch. He entered the Order of the Pentagram in 1930. Grimassi wrote that his maternal grandfather was part of a tradition of Italian witches who were associated with the Carbonari revolutionary movement in the early 19th century, then joined the Masons or other secret societies as a cover for their meetings.

After some time in Pittsburgh, Herbert and Flora settled in San Diego, California, where they raised their children. Grimassi attended James Madison High School, advancing to San Diego Mesa College and San Diego City College where he studied to be a psychiatric technician.

Wicca
Grimassi became involved with Wicca in 1969. He created his own system of witchcraft known as the "Aradian Tradition" ten years later, publishing it in print beginning in 1981. He was the co-directing elder of the Ash, Birch and Willow tradition. In 1994, the new age publisher Llewellyn Publications accepted his manuscript for Ways of the Strega, which was reprinted the following year as Italian Witchcraft: The Old Religion of Southern Europe.

Stregheria
Reports that Grimassi claimed to belong to a "family tradition" of religious witchcraft had opened him to criticism.

Professor Sabina Magliocco, a critic of some of Grimassi's claims, however points out that "Grimassi never claims to be reproducing exactly what was practiced by Italian immigrants to North America; he admits Italian-American immigrants "have adapted a few Wiccan elements into their ways". After personally meeting Grimassi, Professor Magliocco wrote in her letter to the Pomegranate Reader's Forum: "I had the pleasure of meeting Raven Grimassi during the summer of 2001, unfortunately after the final draft of my article had already been submitted to The Pom. He was very gracious and helpful to me. From information he revealed during our interview, I can say with reasonable certainty that I believe him to have been initiated into a domestic tradition of folk magic and healing such as I describe in my article."

Awards
Grimassi won "Book of the Year" and "First Place – Spirituality Book" from the Coalition of Visionary Retailers in 1998 for his book The Wiccan Mysteries, and his book the Encyclopedia of Wicca & Witchcraft was also awarded "Best Non-Fiction". His publisher, Weiser Books, produced the author's biography, Horns of Honor. Patheos listed Grimassi in 2018 as one of the 25 most influential living pagans.

Personal life
In the 1970s, Grimassi recorded a garage rock song with Ritchie Brubaiter, called "Brat". After studying psychology in college, he worked for a few years for San Diego County Mental Health Services inside a secure psychiatric facility. He shifted to a center for abused children, then worked as a counselor for drug and alcohol abuse patients. The stress of these jobs moved him to study cosmetology and become a hair stylist for many years. After that he served as a financial aid counselor, then in the mid-1990s his book publishing income allowed a full-time writing career.

Grimassi's first marriage with Patty produced Michelle, born in San Diego, and his second marriage with Diane produced a daughter in 1979 – Brieanna, born in Escondido, California. Grimassi dedicated his book The Wiccan Mysteries to his "beautiful daughters, Michelle and Brieanna...". Grimassi's father died in 2004 and was buried at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery in San Diego. His mother died in 2011 and was buried with her husband.

Grimassi's third marriage was to Stephanie Ann Zarrabi, pen-name Stephanie Taylor. From 1998, they operated a magick shop in Escondido called Raven's Loft, closing the physical store in 2002 to run it as a website. The couple moved to Springfield, Massachusetts, in 2009, but suffered a lightning strike in June 2017 which burned down their home and destroyed their business assets. Stephanie announced on her Facebook page that Grimassi died on March 10, 2019, aged 67, following a battle with pancreatic cancer. He was survived by two brothers and three daughters: Kathy, Michelle and Brieanna. A memorial service was held on March 23 in Springfield.

title: Raven Grimassi


text:
Talk:Cecil C. Rousseau

Untitled
note: I made a mistake in my edit comment. I falsely said we do know the level of work with Erdos. I *don't* know the level of work with Erdos. I just know they worked together. I think my edit was correct, but my edit summary was wrong. --rob 02:26, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Cecil C. Rousseau


text:
WBJB-FM

WBJB-FM (90.5 MHz, "Brookdale Public Radio, 90.5 The Night") is a non-commercial, listener-supported, public FM radio station. It is licensed to Lincroft, New Jersey, and is owned by Brookdale Community College. It serves Central New Jersey with "The News You Need and the Music You Love."

WBJB-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 900 watts as a Class A station. The transmitter tower is on Arena Drive on the campus of Brookdale Community College in Lincroft. The station broadcasts using HD Radio technology. One digital subchannel carries alternative rock. Another subchannel airs "Brookdale Student Radio," which is freeform.

DJs and programming
WBJB mostly airs an adult album alternative (AAA) radio format. Specialty shows are heard on weekends. WBJB is a member of National Public Radio.

The station's staff includes Michele McBride, Rich Robinson (former student), Jeff Raspe, Sean Carolan, Stephanie Coskey, Tara Feeley (former student), Stu Coogan (former student), Anthony Fox (former student), Tom Brennan, Megan O'Shea (student), Andrew Maggs (student), and Jaimee Denaro (former student).

Live at The Night Releases
Starting in late 2000, WBJB began releasing "Live At The NIGHT" CDs featuring unique performances from their studios.

As of 2019, 11 CD volumes have been released, and one vinyl record compilation (including a previously unpublished recording of Bruce Springsteen). Each release is limited to one pressing and will never be reissued.

Songwriters Concert Series
Brookdale Public Radio presents a "Songwriters Concert Series" each summer. The shows are free and open to the public. They are held, weather permitting, on the beach in Belmar, New Jersey and were formerly held at Riverside Gardens Park in Red Bank, New Jersey before moving to the 5th Avenue Beach in Belmar in 2013.

HD radio multichannel broadcast
In early March 2010, WBJB announced the broadcast of two multicast channels utilizing HD radio technology. The two channels are "FM Flashback" on HD2 and "Brookdale Student Radio" on HD3. Each channel runs 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and are also available via internet streaming.

Altrok Radio began as a feature on Friday nights (Now, called the Altrok Radio FM Showcase) and has become a separate station under the umbrella of Brookdale Public Radio.

Brookdale Student Radio 90.5 HD3 is completely student run, with different students doing their own shifts.

"FM Flashback" carries the syndicated weekly Pink Floyd program Floydian Slip.

Format timeline

 * Mid 1980s–1999: "Jazz & More For The Jersey Shore" (Jazz, NPR News Magazines)
 * 2000–present: "90.5 The Night"

title: WBJB-FM


text: User talk:70.171.12.17

title: User talk:70.171.12.17


text:
Suruj Ragoonath

Suruj Ragoonath (born 22 March 1968) is a former West Indies international cricketer.

An aggressive right-handed opening batsman, Ragoonath played domestically for Trinidad and Tobago between 1989 and 2001. He played in two Test matches in March 1999, both against Australia, but without success.

Ragoonath is currently chief executive officer of the Trinidad and Tobago Cricket Board. He has also been a policeman.

title: Suruj Ragoonath


text:
Samsung Lions

The Samsung Lions are a South Korean professional baseball team founded in 1982. They are based in the southeastern city of Daegu and are members of the KBO League. Their home stadium is Daegu Samsung Lions Park. They have won the Korean Championship eight times, and also finished as runners-up on ten occasions. The Samsung Lions are the first team to win four consecutive Korean Series titles (2011–2014), and are also the first team to win the regular season league title for five consecutive years (2011–2015).

History
The Samsung Lions were founded in 1982 as one of the original six KBO League teams. They won their first championship in 1985, going 40-14-1 in the first half and 37-18 in the second half for a total of 77–32 for the best one-season winning percentage in KBO League history (a record that still stands). The 1985 team had two 25-game-winners on their staff, Kim Si-jin and Kim ll-young; as the Lions were winners of both half-season pennants that year, no Korean Series was held and the Lions were declared champions outright.

The Lions would also win the championship in 2002, 2005 and 2006, having the best record in each one of those years. In 2010, Ryu Jung-il was hired as the new manager of the Samsung Lions. He led the team to the best record in the league and its fifth KBO title in 2011. After the KBO League, the Samsung Lions won the Asian Series championship. The Samsung Lions became the first team to win the pennant race, the Korean Series, and the Asian Series in the same year.

In 2012, one of the most notable players on the team, Lee Seung-yuop, returned to South Korea from Japan. With his help, the Samsung Lions won their sixth championship in the 2012 season. They won another two championships in 2013 and 2014, for a total of eight Korean Series championships. In 2016, Samsung Lions moved to their new stadium, Daegu Samsung Lions Park.

Korean Baseball League MVP

 * 1983: Lee Man-soo (catcher)
 * 1987: Jang Hyo-jo (outfielder)
 * 1993: Kim Seong-rae (infielder)
 * 1997, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003: Lee Seung-yuop (infielder)
 * 2004: Bae Young-soo (pitcher)

Batting average

 * 1983 Jang Hyo-jo AVG .369
 * 1984 Lee Man-soo AVG .340
 * 1985 Jang Hyo-jo AVG .373
 * 1986 Jang Hyo-jo AVG .329
 * 1987 Jang Hyo-jo AVG .387
 * 1993 Yang Joon-hyuk AVG .341
 * 1996 Yang Joon-hyuk AVG .346
 * 1998 Yang Joon-hyuk AVG .342

Home runs

 * 1983 Lee Man-soo 27 HR
 * 1984 Lee Man-soo 23 HR
 * 1985 Lee Man-soo 22 HR
 * 1987 Kim Seong-rae 22 HR
 * 1993 Kim Seong-rae 28 HR
 * 1997 Lee Seung-yuop 32 HR
 * 1999 Lee Seung-yuop 54 HR
 * 2001 Lee Seung-yuop 39 HR
 * 2002 Lee Seung-yuop 47 HR
 * 2003 Lee Seung-yuop 56 HR
 * 2007 Shim Jeong-soo 31 HR
 * 2011 Choi Hyoung-woo 30 HR

Retired numbers
The first number retired by the Samsung Lions organization was number 22, in honour of catcher and slugger Lee Man-soo, who played for the team from 1982 to 1997, and was later a coach with the Chicago White Sox of the MLB and the SK Wyverns. Lee was a five-time KBO League Golden Glove Award-winner with the Lions, won the KBO League MVP in 1983, and the hitting Triple Crown in 1984. The second number retired by the Samsung Lions organization was number 10, in honour of left-handed batter Yang Joon-hyuk, who played for the team from 1993 to 1998 and from 2002 to 2010. Yang led the league in batting four times, and holds six career batting records (including at one time the home run record with 351, now surpassed by Lee Seung-yeop). The third retired number, 36, was retired in honour of Lee Seung-yuop, who has spent 15 seasons with the club and is the all-time KBO League leader in home runs with 467. Lee also holds the KBO records for runs scored, RBIs, total bases, slugging percentage, and OPS.

Managers

 * Seo Young-moo (1982–1983)
 * Lee Chung-nam (1983)
 * Kim Yeong-duk (1984–1986)
 * Jeong Dong-jin (1986) (caretaker)
 * Park Young-gil (1987–1988)
 * Jeong Dong-jin (1989–1990)
 * Kim Sung-keun (1991–1992)
 * Woo Yong-deuk (1993–1995)
 * Baek In-chun (1996–1997)
 * Cho Chang-soo (1997) (caretaker)
 * Seo Jeong-hwan (1998–1999)
 * Kim Yong-hee (2000)
 * Kim Eung-ryong (2001–2004)
 * Sun Dong-yol (2005–2010)
 * Ryu Joong-il (2011–2016)
 * Kim Han-soo (2017–2019)
 * Heo Sam-young (2020–2022)
 * Park Jin-man (2022–present)

title: Samsung Lions


text:
User talk:Jedi47

Continued vandalism of wikipedia will lead to this account and associated IPs being blocked from wikipedia. Consider yourself warned. Fawcett5 02:27, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jedi47


text:
Empress Xiaoshengxian

Empress Xiaoshengxian (12 January 1692 – 2 March 1777), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Niohuru clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the consort of Yinzhen, the Yongzheng Emperor and mother of Hongli, the Qianlong Emperor. She was honoured as Empress Dowager Chongqing during the reign of her son and posthumously honoured as empress, although she never held the rank of empress consort during her lifetime.

When the empress seat was vacant after Empress Xiaojingxian of the Ulanara clan's death, she was placed in charge of the imperial harem as the highest ranked concubine in that time. The Qianlong Emperor held her in high regard and often consulted her for advice. She died in 1777 and outlived many of her son's consorts.

Family background
Empress Xiaoshengxian's personal name was unknown and not recorded in history. She was born to the upper class Niohuru clan in Beijing.

 * Father: Lingzhu (凌柱; 1664–1754), served as a fourth rank military official (四品典儀), and held the title of a first class duke (一等公)
 * Paternal grandfather: Wulu (吳祿), Eidu's cousin once removed
 * Paternal grandmother: Lady Qiao
 * Mother: Lady Peng
 * Maternal grandfather: Peng Wugong
 * Four brothers

Kangxi era
The future Empress Xiaoshengxian was born on the 25th day of the 11th lunar month in the 30th year of the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, which translates to 12 January 1692 in the Gregorian calendar. She was born to the prominent Niohuru clan

In 1705, aged thirteen, when she went to the capital, just at the time, it so happened, that the ladies of the nobility were there awaiting selection to the palace. She followed them to watch the excitement, and the door guards let her in, thinking she was one of the candidates. It was only when the selection began, and the leading officials found that she was not on the list. They told Yinzhen, the fourth son of the Kangxi Emperor, who asked them to include her in the last group. She was then selected because of her regular features and tall figure. She was then sent to the prince's resident and received the title of "Gege".

She was, however, not in the prince's good graces. He apart from his official wife, favoured his concubines Li, Geng, and Nian. In the summer of 1710, he developed a disease that made his attendants unwilling to be too close to him. She nevertheless looked after him day and night, and he recovered from the illness after two months. He was grateful to her for her loyalty, and the following year on 25 September 1711, she gave birth to his fourth son, Prince Hongli. Soon after the birth, she fell out of favor again.

In 1722, Prince Yinzhen, who was made Prince Yong, invited the Kangxi Emperor to his residence, Yuanmingyuan, where he met his grandson, eleven year-old Prince Hongli, and took him to his own palace to rear him, and the two lived together for six months. The Kangxi Emperor's love for Hongli was sufficient to raise her status, whom the emperor had once given an audition and praised as "a person with good fortune".

Yongzheng era
The Kangxi Emperor died on 20 December 1722 and was succeeded by Yinzhen, who was enthroned as the Yongzheng Emperor. On 28 March 1723, Lady Niohuru was granted the title "Consort Xi". In 1730, she was elevated to "Noble Consort Xi". When the Yongzheng Emperor's empress consort, Empress Xiaojingxian, died on 29 October 1731, Noble Consort Xi was placed in charge of the emperor's harem because she was the highest rank consort in that time.

Qianlong era
The Yongzheng Emperor died on 8 October 1735 and was succeeded by Hongli, who was enthroned as the Qianlong Emperor. As the birth mother of the reigning emperor, Noble Consort Xi was honoured as (the) "Divine Mother Empress Dowager Chongqing".

The Qianlong Emperor held his mother in high regard and often consulted her for advice. Some believe that she may have been behind the emperor's ill-fated selection of Lady Nara to be his second empress consort. The Qianlong Emperor often visited his mother. The Empress Dowager also always accompanied her son on his excursions to Shenyang and the Yangtze River Delta. In her old age, when the Empress Dowager was no longer fit to travel, the Qianlong Emperor stopped all his trips and only resumed them after her death.

The Empress dowager's 60th birthday was lavishly celebrated. The Qianlong Emperor ordered the roads decorated from Beijing to the Summer Palace, Chinese poems were read in her honour and sacrifices were made to the gods by the emperor and the entire imperial court. In her honour, the emperor also ordered the dredging of a lake at the Garden of Clear Ripples, which he named Kunming Lake, as well as renovated buildings on the lake shore.

Empress Dowager Chongqing died on 2 March 1777. She was interred in a separate tomb in the Tai Mausoleum of the Western Qing tombs.

Titles

 * During the reign of the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722):
 * Lady Niohuru (钮祜禄氏; from 12 January 1692)
 * Mistress (格格; from 1705), second rank lord consort
 * During the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor (r. 1722–1735):
 * Consort Xi (熹妃; from 28 March 1723 ), fourth rank consort
 * Noble Consort Xi (熹貴妃; from 1730 to 1734), third rank consort
 * During the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796):
 * Empress Dowager Chongqing (崇慶皇太后; from 8 October 1735 )
 * Empress Xiaoshengxian (孝聖憲皇后; from 1777)

Issue

 * As Mistress :
 * Hongli (弘曆; 25 September 1711 – 7 February 1799), the Yongzheng Emperor's fifth (fourth) son, enthroned on 18 October 1735 as the Qianlong Emperor

In fiction and popular culture

 * Portrayed by Teresa Ha in Take Care, Your Highness! (1985)
 * Portrayed by Chan Choiyin in The Rise and Fall of Qing Dynasty (1988)
 * Portrayed by Zhao Minfen in My Fair Princess (1998) and My Fair Princess III (2003)
 * Portrayed by Zhao Minfen, Yan Minqiu and Wang Liyuan in The Eloquent Ji Xiaolan (2002)
 * Portrayed by Cheng Pei-pei in Book and Sword, Gratitude and Revenge (2002)
 * Portrayed by Li Li in Jiangshan Weizhong (2002)
 * Portrayed by Lisa Lu in Qianlong Dynasty (2003)
 * Portrayed by Shi Xiaoqun in Huang Taizi Mishi (2004)
 * Portrayed by Sally Chen in The Book and the Sword (2009)
 * Portrayed by Leanne Liu in New My Fair Princess (2011)
 * Portrayed by Sun Li in Empresses in the Palace (2011)
 * Portrayed by Yuan Shanshan in Palace II (2012)
 * Portrayed by Lily Leung in Succession War (2018)
 * Portrayed by Song Chunli in Story of Yanxi Palace (2018)
 * Portrayed by Vivian Wu in Ruyi's Royal Love in the Palace (2018)
 * Portrayed by Han Jiunuo in Love story of court enemies (2020)

title: Empress Xiaoshengxian


text:
Wave (Patti Smith Group album)

Wave is the fourth studio album by Patti Smith, and the third and final album where the Patti Smith Group is billed. It was released on May 17, 1979, by Arista Records. Produced by Todd Rundgren, the album continued the band's move towards more radio-friendly mainstream pop rock sound. Wave garnered a mixed reception from music critics and was less successful than its predecessor, Easter (1978). However, the songs "Frederick" and "Dancing Barefoot" both received commercial airplay. Following the album's release, the band disbanded, and frontwoman Patti Smith pursued a solo career nine years later with Dream of Life (1988).

Background and release
The title track was a tribute to Pope John Paul I, whose brief papacy coincided with the recording sessions of Wave. The first single of the album was "Frederick", a love song for frontwoman Patti Smith's fiancé Fred "Sonic" Smith with a melody and structure bearing a resemblance to "Because the Night", the group's biggest hit. Smith began writing the lyrics of second single "Dancing Barefoot" in late 1978 and recorded it in 1979. The song was described as "a swirling, seductive love song" that uses "love-as-addiction" metaphors and wordplay with the words "heroine" and "heroin". Smith stated she was told to replace the word "heroine" with a synonym because of issues with radio airplay, but she objected the decision since she actually intended the lyric to reference the female equivalent of hero. Rolling Stone ranked the song number 323 on their 2004 list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time". Both songs received commercial airplay. A cover of the Byrds' "So You Want to Be (A Rock 'n' Roll Star)" was released as the album's third and final single.

After Wave was released, the band disbanded in fall 1979 when finishing their last concert in Florence, Italy. Patti married Fred on March 1, 1980 and spent many years in semi-retirement from music following the birth of their children, Jesse and Jackson, until her return as a solo singer with Dream of Life (1988). The 1996 remaster of Wave includes Smith's original version of "Fire of Unknown Origin". Blue Öyster Cult's version was released on their album of the same name in 1981. The back cover of the original LP bore a quote from the Jean Genet poem "Le Condamné à mort".

Critical reception
In Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau found the album "quirkier than the more generally satisfying Easter and praised "Dancing Barefoot" and the title track. However, he dismissed "Seven Ways of Going" and "Broken Flag" as "unlistenable [and less interesting than]" the band's 1976 album Radio Ethiopia. Tom Carson of Rolling Stone also negatively likenened Wave to Radio Ethiopia, concluding that the record "is too confused and hermetically smug to be much more than an interesting failure." The Globe and Mail determined that "Rundgren handles the production chores with remarkable restraint as he showcases Patti Smith the suicidal torch singer, admirably backed by her resident group of musicians."

AllMusic's William Ruhlmann noted that Smith "achieves a sense of charm and sincerity on Wave that she hadn't even attempted on her earlier albums" but lamented that "the overall mediocre quality of the material makes this the slightest of Smith's efforts." In a 2019 review for PopMatters, Matt McKinzie dubbed the album as the singer's "most unapologetically-pop effort" where she "reject[s] the idea that her genre capabilities begin and end with th[e] four-letter word [punk]." Emma Johnston, a writer from Louder Sound, ranked Wave number 6 on a list of Patti Smith's best albums, writing that it was "Smith at her least filtered and most emotionally open, and remains something of an underrated treasure."

Track listing
Note
 * On some vinyl releases "So You Want to Be (A Rock 'n' Roll Star)" and "Citizen Ship" swapped places.

Personnel
Patti Smith Group
 * Jay Dee Daugherty – drums, consultant
 * Lenny Kaye – guitar, bass guitar on "Wave", vocals
 * Ivan Kral – bass guitar, guitar, cello on "Wave", keyboards
 * Richard Sohl – piano, ocean effects on "Wave"
 * Patti Smith – vocals, piano on "Wave"

Additional musicians
 * Andi Ostrowe – percussion, timpani on "Seven Ways of Going"
 * Todd Rundgren – bass guitar on "Dancing Barefoot", production, engineering

Technical
 * Thom Panunzio and Patti Smith Group - production on "54321/Wave", recorded live in New York, May 23, 1979
 * Vic Anesini – mastering
 * George Carnell – assistant engineer
 * Tom Edmonds – assistant engineer
 * Robert Mapplethorpe - art direction, photography

title: Wave (Patti Smith Group album)


text: User talk:68.174.177.20

title: User talk:68.174.177.20


text:
Talk:Wave (Patti Smith Group album)

Broken Flag
If "Broken Flag" is about Barbara Fritchie, how the heck does Algiers come into it? —Tamfang 00:14, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

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Jobim album
There is an album of the same name by Antonio Carlos Jobim, which was released EARLIER. Why then is this the default album, while his album is referred to as "Jobim album"? Either specify for both or make Jobim's album the default "album". - Zhi —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.193.160.174 (talk) 13:01, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 10:18, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Wave (Patti Smith Group album)


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title: User:Nwbmxdad


text:
Hide and Seek (Tracie Spencer song)

"Hide and Seek" is the first single from Tracie Spencer's self-titled debut album. It was released in December 1987 and was written by Lynn Davis.

Chart information
"Hide and Seek" did not chart onto the Billboard Hot 100, but did place at number 32 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart.

Music video
The music video for "Hide and Seek" features Spencer singing the song in an audition for some kind of competition.

title: Hide and Seek (Tracie Spencer song)


text:
7 Andromedae

7 Andromedae (abbreviated 7 And) is a single, yellow-white hued star in the northern constellation of Andromeda. 7 Andromedae is the Flamsteed designation. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.52, and is located 79.6 light years from Earth, based on an annual parallax shift of $12.1$. The star is moving further from the Sun with a heliocentric radial velocity of 12 km/s.

This is an ordinary F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F1V, which indicates it is generating energy from hydrogen fusion at its core. This energy is being radiated from its photosphere at the rate of 7.8 times the Sun's luminosity with an effective temperature of 7,380 K. 7 Andromedae is 1.1 billion years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 61 km/s.

Within Andromeda it is at the middle of a northerly chain asterism – 8, 11 are further south-westward, with 5, then 3 Andromedae in the other direction. This star is the closest of these five, all of quite great apparent magnitude.

title: 7 Andromedae


text:
3 Andromedae

3 Andromedae, abbreviated 3 And, is a single star in the northern constellation of Andromeda. 3 Andromedae is the Flamsteed designation. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.64. The distance to this star, as determined from an annual parallax shift of $1.058$, is 181 light years. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −35 km/s, and has a relatively large proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere at $−34.87$·yr−1.

This is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K0 IIIb, where the 'b' suffix indicated a lower luminosity giant. It is a red clump star, which means it is generating energy through helium fusion at its core. This star has an estimated 1.7 times the mass of the Sun, and, at the age of 2.3 billion years, has expanded to 10 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 49 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,668 K.

title: 3 Andromedae


text:
User talk:Superiorwolf

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -- Francs2000 02:32, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
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 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Superiorwolf


text:
65 Andromedae

65 Andromedae, abbreviated 65 And, is a single, orange-hued star in the northern constellation of Andromeda. With an apparent magnitude of 4.73, it is visible to the naked eye. The distance to 65 And can be derived from its annual parallax shift of $1.532$, which yields a range of around 440 light years. At that distance, its brightness is relatively lowered primarily by the inverse square law but also by an extinction of 0.16 magnitude due to interstellar dust. The star is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −5 km/s.

This is a mildly iron-deficient giant star with a stellar classification of K4.5 III, which indicates that, at the age of three billion years, is an evolved star that has exhausted the hydrogen at its core and expanded its radius. The measured angular diameter of this star, after correction for limb darkening, is $−4.93$. At the estimated distance of this star, this yields a physical size of about 47 times the radius of the Sun. The star has 1.6 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 372 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,927 K.

title: 65 Andromedae


text:
Jessamyn West

Jessamyn West may refer to:

 * Jessamyn West (writer) (1902–1984), American writer
 * Jessamyn West (librarian) (born 1968), American librarian and blogger

title: Jessamyn West