text:
English ship Dreadnought (1573)

Dreadnought was a 41-gun galleon of the Tudor navy, built by Mathew Baker and launched in 1573. Like HMS Dreadnought of 1906, she was a radical innovation over contemporary ships. When John Hawkins became Treasurer of the Navy in 1577, he had sailed all over the world, and his ideas contributed to the production of a new race-built series of galleons—of which Dreadnought was the second, following Foresight of 1570—without the high forecastle and aftcastle prevalent in earlier galleons. These "marvels of marine design" could reputedly "run circles around the clumsier Spanish competition."

Dreadnought took part in many of the naval engagements between Britain and Spain in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. Under Captain Thomas Fenner, she was part of Drake's fleet which "singed the King of Spain's Beard" with the raid on Cadiz in Spring 1587. Under George Beeston she was part of the English fleet which harassed most of the Spanish Armada in 1588. She was rebuilt for the first time in 1592. In 1596, with Sir Alexander Clifford as her captain, she was part of the Anglo-Dutch fleet which captured Cadiz. In 1599 she was in the Western Channel under George Fenner, while in 1601 under Sir Henry Palmer she was on the Thames.

On 2 June 1602, captained by Edward Manwaring, Dreadnought was part of Ricard Leveson's fleet which succeeded in capturing the Portuguese carrack Sao Valentinho at Cezimbra Roads In 1603, as hostilities with Spain concluded, she was in the English Channel under captain Hamphrey Reynolds.

Dreadnought was rebuilt again at Deptford in 1614 as a middling ship of 32 guns.

In 1625, with renewed hostilities against Spain, Dreadnought took part in yet another expedition to Cadiz, this time under a captain named Plumleigh, as part of a fleet commanded by Viscount Wimbledon. In 1628 she took part in the unsuccessful attempt to relieve the Siege of La Rochelle by sea.

In 1637, she was part of the Earl of Northumberland's fleet in the North Sea, commanded by Captain Henry Stradling and then by Thomas Kirke.

Dreadnought was broken up in 1648.

title: English ship Dreadnought (1573)


text:
Warp 10: Influences, Classics, Remixes

Warp 10 is a series of compilation albums issued by Warp Records in 1999 to celebrate the label's tenth anniversary. The collection spans three double CD/quadruple vinyl sets, which can be purchased individually. Each volume in the set highlights different phases of electronic music, including influential tracks not originally released by Warp, early releases from the first four years of the label's history, and the last being remixes by contemporary musicians of Warp's catalogue.

Content
Three compilation albums were released to celebrate Warp's tenth anniversary. The album covers were designed by Michael Place who worked at the Designers Republic for almost nine years. Place stated he designed the covers with the idea of playing "up the famous 'Warp purple' colour, and so we came up with the idea of the colour creeping into our everyday lives." Place stated they originally had the idea actually painting objects like cars and buildings purple but found it unpractical. The photos are of locations in Sheffield and Leeds.

The second album Warp 10+2: The Classics pulls music from the first four years of the label's history containing some of their more rare and earliest tracks. The compilation compiles music that would later be referred to as bleep techno. The third album consists of indie rock and electronic musicians doing remakes of the label's back catalog. The artists who remixed the album included newer artists in 1999 such as Isan and Four Tet.

Warp 10+1: The Influences
Reviewing the compilation for The Independent, Laurence Phelan found Influences as "slices of musical history that every household should have if it doesn't already - Phuture's "Acid Tracks", A Guy Called Gerald's "Voodoo Ray" and the one Warp tried to sign as their first release, Unique 3's "The Theme"." Pat Blashill of Rolling Stone found the compilation "wild and often gorgeous" declaring the highlight to be the "slyly beautiful" "Voodoo Ray." Douglas Wolk of the Village Voice commented on Classics, stating that "Ten years later, a lot of it sounds like pretty average bleepity-bloopity acid house, A Guy Called Gerald's deathless "Voodoo Ray" aside." John Bush of AllMusic alternatively proclaimed that "as compilations of obscure but important techno go, this could be the best ever produced" finding that it balanced the best tracks from early Chicago, Detroit and British scenes. Bush continued that though most tracks have been anthologized several times while more obscure tracks like "Computer Madness" by Steve Poindexter. Bush concluded that the electronic music had progressed in years with groups like Autechre and Aphex Twin, "but the energy and power of mid- to late-'80s techno is undiminished with time."

Track listing

 * Disc 2

Warp 10+2: Classics 89–92
Wolk stated similar comments about Classics that outside of LFO and Sweet Exorcist, "the rest of it is pretty flat." Phelan called Classics as "an essential compilation that preserves the roots of the current scene" and that it "engenders a peculiar sensation of nostalgia towards that dated set of simple beeps and bleeps that sounded so revolutionary at the time." Bush found the album compilation "may not work well for those unfamiliar with the label's complete history, it's a fitting tribute to the beginning of electronic dance's move from the club floor to the living room."

In a 2013 article for Fact Magazine, Simon Reynolds noted that Warp 10+2: Classics 89–92 remains one of the only compilations that covers the "bleep techno" of the early 1990s: "[D]espite its time-defying excellence, bleep is poorly served in terms of compilations: basically, there's Warp's Classics double CD, plus out-of-print comps from the original era."

Track listing

 * Disc 1

The final track does not appear on the 4xLP edition, although it is listed on the sleeve.
 * Disc 2

Warp 10+3: Remixes track listing
Phelan found the third album in the series, Remixes as "the most interesting of these three albums" proclaiming that it "got the same blend of pure brilliance, sometimes successful avant-garde experimentalism and occasional unlistenable-to rubbish that characterises the label's output." Alternatively, Blashill found Remixes to be "proves that tinnitus-inducing artists like Labradford can turn challenging music into truly difficult listening." Bush of AllMusic found that the compilation "might be too sprawling for fans of just one or two of the acts included, Warp10+3: The Remixes is an effective statement of the electronic/dance world circa the end of the millennium."

Disc 2
The final track was previously released on LFO's 1994 single Tied Up.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Warp 10: Influences, Classics, Remixes


text:
Centrix

Centrix is a fictional superhero in the DC universe and a member of the superhero team the Global Guardians.

Fictional character biography
Mark Armstrong is a metahuman with the ability to project energy force waves from his body. He also has small projectiles that can be propelled by his energy force waves. He uses his powers to stop criminals in his native Canada and is a practitioner of New Age philosophies.

In Justice League Quarterly #17 (Winter 1994), he joins the Global Guardians after one of their darkest periods. One of their old enemies, Fain Y'Onia, attacks and kills Bushmaster and Thunderlord. Godiva, Impala and Tuatara are badly injured. The Wild Huntsman is missing in action, having vanished in the seeming defeat of Fain.

The survivors recruit Centrix, along with Tundra, Chrysalis and Cascade.

title: Centrix


text:
Arsonval

Arsonval is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

It lies on the right bank of the river Aube, about 30 mi east of Troyes. It has a church dating from the twelfth century.

Personalities

 * Victor-Eugène Ardouin-Dumazet (born in 1852, died in 1940 at Arsonval) : journalist, author of "Voyage en France", tourist guides (in 60 volumes).

title: Arsonval


text:
User:Bogdangiusca/predictions

1960s predictions of Glenn T. Seaborg and co. at the "Institutul American de Conjunctură a Viitorului"

In Romanian language.

1970

 * sateliţi meteorologici; (Weather satellite)
 * navete locuibile şi locuite, între Pămînt şi sateliţii săi artificiali;
 * laborator spaţial locuit şi deservit de 10 specialişti;
 * omul pe Lună; (Apollo 11)
 * rachetă nucleară; (Nuclear missile)
 * sisteme de sateliţi de comunicaţie; (Communications satellite)
 * începuturile controlului meteorologic regional; (Weather control)
 * utilizarea laserului în comunicaţii spaţiale; (Free-space optical communication)
 * traduceri comprehensibile executate curent de maşini; (Machine translation)
 * importante progrese în miniaturizarea mijloacelor de comunicaţie şi de informare;
 * utilizarea materialelor de construcţie sintetice; (Synthetic material)
 * desalinizarea economică a apei de mare; (Desalination)
 * stocarea uşoară a electricităţii; (Energy storage)
 * descoperirea limbajului cetaceelor; (Cetacean intelligence, Animal echolocation)
 * transplantul de membre ale corpului uman; (Organ transplant)
 * reconstituicea în eprubetă a cîtorva forme primitive de viaţă, începînd cu molecule capabile de reproducere;
 * aparate de radiodetectare pe bază de laser miniaturizate; (Radiodetection)
 * staţii orbitale de cercetări. (Space station)

1975

 * rachete reutilizabile; (Space Shuttle program)
 * staţii ştiinţifice de mari dimensiuni;
 * baze temporare de cercetări pe Lună; (Colonization of the Moon)
 * racheta cu propulsie ionică; (Ionic propulsion)
 * zbor uman în jurul lui Marte şi al lui Venus;
 * bibliotecă automatizată; (Internet?)
 * exploatarea electronică a informaţiilor; (Digital Revolution)
 * generalizarea maşinilor de învăţat; (Learning machines)
 * posibilitatea producţiei economice a proteinelor sintetice;
 * creşterea de 10 ori a cazurilor vindecare pe cale chimică sau fizioterapică a îmbolnăvirilor psihice;
 * înlăturarea actualelor confuzii dintre fizica cuantică şi fizica relativistă şi simplificarea teoriilor asupra particulelor;
 * prevederi meteorologice sigure; (Meteorology)
 * control total al traficului aerian; (Air traffic control)
 * muncile de birou automatizate în proporţie de 25%. (Automation)

1980

 * Stabilirea bazelor lunare permanente; (Colonization of the Moon)
 * traducerea automatizată, corectă şi rapidă; (Machine translation)
 * organe artificiale din material plastic şi elemente electronice; (Artificial organ)
 * începerea producţiei de substanţe chimice în stare să schimbe personalitatea;
 * tehnica laserilor aplicată la razele X şi gama;
 * revizuirea teoriilor fizicii;
 * cunoaşterea undelor gravitaţionale; (gravitational waves)
 * măsurători fizice (de exemplu a vitezei luminii) realizate în afară de Pămînt;
 * automobile automatice;
 * fuziunea termonucleară automatizată; (nuclear fusion, Cold fusion)
 * Începutul exploatării miniere a fundului mărilor. (deep sea exploitation)

1985

 * atmosferă artificială locală; (Artificial athmosphere)
 * aterizare pe Marte; (Exploration of Mars)
 * primul zbor cu oameni în afara sistemului solar;
 * ochi artificiali pentru orbi; (Artificial eye)
 * tranzit automatizat rapid în transporturi;
 * imunizarea biochimică generală contra îmbolnăvirilor prin acţiunea virusurilor şi a bacteriilor exploatarea curentă a fundurilor submarine;
 * organe electronice de proteză;
 * droguri care modifică personalitatea, viaţă artificială primitivă viabilă;
 * laseri cu raze X şi raze gama în industria curentă;
 * diagnostic medical automatic; (automatic diagnose)
 * construirea ordinatorilor (sic) pe bandă rulantă.	(Computer hardware)

1990

 * începuturile controlului asupra genelor în combaterii unor deficienţe ereditare;
 * folosirea substanţelor chimice în vederea creşterii inteligenţei;
 * industrie pe Lună;
 * staţii permanente pe planete;
 * aparat de radio personal prin implant de aparat electronic miniaturizat;
 * maşini inteligente uzuale;
 * proteine alimentare sintetice în alimentaţia curentă; (synthetic food)
 * organisme cibernetice; (Cyborg)
 * laseri antirachete. (anti-missile laser, Airborne Laser)

1995

 * Interacţiunea electromagnetică directă între calculatorul electronic şi creier;
 * începutul controlului al îmbătrînirii şi lungirea duratei medii a vieţii 40 de ani;
 * generalizarea terapeuticii psihiatrice chimice.

2000

 * Transport comercial balistic; (Rocket mail)
 * colonizarea planetei Marte; (Colonization of Mars)
 * 15% din hrana lumii obţinută din proteine sintetice şi exploatarea florei şi faunei marine;
 * începerea creşterii unor animale inteligente capabile să îndeplinească sarcini inferioare;
 * învăţămînt prin înregistrarea cerebrală automată directă a informaţiei;
 * bibliotecă şi limbă universale; (Universal language)
 * jurnale imprimate acasă; (computer printer)
 * eliminarea totală, chimică a defectelor ereditare;
 * organizarea structurii subnucleare la fabricarea de elemente noi;
 * transportul energiei fără fir; (Wireless energy transfer, Microwave power transmission)
 * autostrăzi ghidante automat şi furnizante în acelaşi timp a energiei motrice (Automated highway system)

2010

 * Exploatarea centrului Pămîntului;
 * aparate telesenzoriale;
 * ameliorarea chimică a sensibilităţii psihice.

2020

 * Explorare interstelară; (Interstellar travel)
 * aterizare pe sateliţii lui Iupiter; (Colonization of the outer solar system)
 * zbor în jurul lui Pluton;
 * comunicaţii intergalactice; (intergalactic communication)
 * minimul vital asigurat gratuit tuturor oamenilor;
 * simbioză om-maşină electronică mobilă şi imobilă; (Man-Computer Symbiosis)
 * cataliză nucleară; (nuclear catalysis)
 * roboţi logici.

2030

 * Comă de lungă durată aplicată în terapeutică şi navigaţie cosmică; (Suspended animation)
 * misiuni astronautice extrasolare;
 * trafic comercial curent cu Luna;
 * contact cu extraterestrii; (Extraterrestrial life)
 * citirea curentă a gîndurilor; (Thought reading)
 * agricultură extraterestră; (Extraterrestrial agriculture)
 * exploatarea planetelor;
 * transformări de geniu biologic pentru crearea curentă a speciilor de animale inteligente.

2050

 * Propulsie prin antigravitaţie; (anti-gravity propulsion)
 * statopropulsie nucleară; (nuclear stato-propulsion?)
 * aterizare pe Pluton;
 * comunicaţii la distanţă prin citirea gîndurilor (radio-neuro-bio-comunicaţii);
 * educaţie "publică" fără învăţămînt urmat;
 * industrie pe planetele sistemului solar;
 * hibernare umană prelungită; (Suspended animation)
 * injectară, directă a informaţiei în creier;
 * antigravitaţie; (Anti-gravity)
 * eliminarea centurilor de radiaţii ale Terrei, centurile van Allen. (Van Allen radiation belts)

2070

 * Transfer direct de energie pe Lună cu ajutorul laserului;
 * viaţă artificială; (artificial life)
 * distorsiune timp-spaţiu. (space-time distortion)

2080

 * Zbor interstelar cu viteză apropiată de aceea a luminii;
 * inteligenţă mecanică superioară; (Artificial intelligence)
 * duplicarea automată a materiei; (matter replication)
 * imunizarea contra radiaţiilor;
 * transmiterea materiei la distanţă. (Teleportation)

2100

 * întîlnirea cu extratereştrii în afara Terrei;
 * creier electronic lucrînd pe plan mondial; (World Brain)
 * lucrări de geniu astronomic la scara sistemului solar;
 * prelungirea vieţii umane după dorinţă (la indivizi cu stare de uzură sub anumite limite). (Life extension)

title: User:Bogdangiusca/predictions


text:
Get Happy! (Ella Fitzgerald album)

Get Happy! is a 1959 album by the American jazz singer Ella Fitzgerald, recorded with various studio orchestras over a two-year period.

History
The original 12 songs on the album come from 5 different sessions, featuring orchestras led by Nelson Riddle, Frank DeVol, Russell (Russ) Garcia, Marty Paich or Paul Weston.

The first two tracks are from the sessions for the George and Ira Gershwin Songbook, which were later included on the 1998 reissue of the album, and Berlin's "Blue Skies" was recorded at the sessions for the 1958 album Sings the Irving Berlin Songbook, but inexplicably omitted from the final cut, despite featuring one Ella's most impressive extended scat improvisations.

Reception
Writing for Allmusic, music critic Scott Yanow wrote of the album "As usual, Ella uplifts all of the material and her best moments come on "Somebody Loves Me," a heartfelt "Moonlight Becomes You," a scat-filled "Blue Skies" and (somewhat surprisingly) "St. Louis Blues." Although this was not her most essential release, the formerly obscure Get Happy finds Ella Fitzgerald at the peak of her powers."

Track listing
For the 1959 Verve LP release; Verve V6-4036

Side One:
 * 1) "Somebody Loves Me" (Buddy DeSylva, George Gershwin, Ballard MacDonald) – 2:36
 * 2) "Cheerful Little Earful" (Ira Gershwin, Billy Rose, Harry Warren) – 2:06
 * 3) "You Make Me Feel So Young" (Mack Gordon, Josef Myrow) – 2:19
 * 4) "Beat Me Daddy, Eight to the Bar" (Hughie Prince, Don Raye, Eleanore Sheehy) – 2:28
 * 5) "Like Young" (André Previn, Paul Francis Webster) – 3:00
 * 6) "Cool Breeze" (Tadd Dameron, Billy Eckstine, Dizzy Gillespie) – 1:56

Side Two:
 * 1) "Moonlight Becomes You" (Johnny Burke, Jimmy Van Heusen) – 3:06
 * 2) "Blue Skies" (Irving Berlin) – 3:43
 * 3) "You Turned the Tables on Me" (Louis Alter, Sidney Mitchell) – 2:31
 * 4) "Gypsy in My Soul" (Clay Boland, Moe Jaffe) – 2:39
 * 5) "Goody Goody" (Matty Malneck, Johnny Mercer) – 2:28
 * 6) "St. Louis Blues" (W. C. Handy) – 3:53

Bonus Tracks; Issued on the Verve 1998 CD re-issue, Verve 314 523 321-2

13. "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" (Originally released in 1959, on 7" single, a-side) (Van Alexander, Ella Fitzgerald) – 2:20

14. "The Swingin' Shepherd Blues" (Previously unreleased, alternate take) (Kenny Jacobson, Moe Koffman, Rhoda Roberts) – 2:50

Personnel
Recorded in six sessions from July 24, 1957- July 11, 1959 in Hollywood, Los Angeles:

Tracks 1,2 Capitol Studios, Hollywood January 7, 1959 Nelson Riddle (arr, con) Paul Smith (p) Herb Ellis (g) Joe Mondragon (b) Bill Richmond (d) Conrad Gozzo, Cappy Lewis, Vito Mangano, Shorty Sherock (tpt); Dick Noel, Tommy Pederson, George Roberts (trmb);rmb)

Tracks 3,7 Radio Recorders, Hollywood, July 11, 1959 Frank DeVol (arr, con) Lou Levy (p) Herb Ellis (g) Joe Mondragon (b) Alvin Stoller (d) Frank Beach, Pete Candoli, Cappy Lewis, Al Porcino (t) Harry Betts, Dick Noel, George Roberts, lloyd Ulyate (vtrmb)

Track 4 United Recorders, Hollywood, September 3, 1959 Russell Garcia (arr, con) Claude Williamson, Jr. (p) Herb Ellis (g) Red Mitchell (b) Jack Sperling (drums) (d) Pete Candoli, Philip Candreva, Buddy Childers, Stu Williamson (t)

Tracks 5,6 United Recorders, Hollywood, September 3, 1959 Marty Paich (arr, con) Claude Williamson, Jr. (p) Herb Ellis (g) Red Mitchell (b) Jack Sperling (d) Pete Candoli, Philip Candreva, Buddy Childers, Stu Williamson (t)

Track 8 Radio Recorders, Hollywood, March 18, 1958 Paul Weston (arr, con) Paul Smith (p) Barney Kessel (g) Joe Mondragon (b) Alvin Stoller (d) John Best, Pete Candoli, Harry "Sweets" Edison, Don Fagerquist, Mannie Klein (t)

Tracks 9-13 Capitol Studios. Hollywood, July 24, 1957 Frank DeVol (arr, con) Arnold Ross (p) Barney Kessel (g) Ben Webster (ts) Abe Luboff, Joe Mondragon, Philip Stephens (b) Alvin Stoller (d) Pete Candoli, Harry "Sweets" Edison, Ray Linn, George Werth (t) Milt Bernha

Track 14 Radio Recorders Annex, Hollywood, March 19, 1958 Weston (arr, con) Harry "Sweets" Edison (t) Leonard Hartman, Matty Matlock. Ted Nash, or Fred Stulce (fl) Paul Smith (p) Barney Kessel (g) Joe Mondragon (vb; Alvin Stoller (d)

title: Get Happy! (Ella Fitzgerald album)


text:
Temco TT Pinto

The Temco TT Pinto is a tandem two-seat primary jet trainer built for the United States Navy by Temco Aircraft of Dallas, Texas.

Design and development

The Temco Model 51 had been initially proposed to the US Air Force in response to an Air Force competition for a jet-powered primary trainer, which was won by the Cessna T-37 Tweet. The concept behind the Model 51 was an attempt to provide primary training in a jet-powered aircraft. The official name for the Model 51 was the Pinto.

The Pinto was a mid-wing, tricycle landing gear trainer with an enclosed cockpit powered by a single Continental Motors J69-T-9 (license-built Turbomeca Marboré) jet engine. The aircraft carried no armament.

The TT-1s were equipped with many of the same features found in operational jets, including ejection seats, liquid oxygen equipment, speed brakes, along with typical flight controls and instrument panels. Although the flight characteristics were considered good, the "wave off" capability was rated marginal due to being slightly underpowered.

After its first flight in 1956, the prototype was sent to the Naval Air Test Center (NATC) Patuxent River to be evaluated alongside the Beech Model 73 Jet Mentor. Fourteen of the aircraft, designated TT-1, were produced between 1955 and 1957.

AJI T-610 Super Pinto
In 1968, American Jet Industries (AJI) (later to become Gulfstream Aerospace) re-engined a TT-1 Pinto. The J69 was replaced with a 2850 lbf General Electric CJ610 (the civil version of the J85). The modified aircraft, called the T-610 Super Pinto, flew on 28 June 1968. The new engine significantly increased performance, with maximum speed reaching 450 kn, and AJI marketed the aircraft as a light attack aircraft.

The prototype Super Pinto, together with drawings and production rights, were purchased by the Philippine Air Force, which planned to build the aircraft as the T-610 Cali.

Operational history

In 1959, these aircraft served in the Air Training Command at Pensacola, Florida and used in a training program demonstration testing the feasibility of using a jet-powered trainer for primary flight training.

By the end of 1960, the TT-1s were phased out of operations in the Naval Air Training Command because performance was deemed insufficient, and sold as surplus.

Variants

 * TT-1 Pinto
 * Two-seat primary jet trainer aircraft.

 * American Jet Industries T-610 Super Pinto
 * Re-engined with 2850 lbf General Electric CJ610-6 turbojet.

Operators

 * United States Navy
 * United States Navy

Surviving aircraft

In December 2016, five of the TT-1 Pinto series still appeared on the U.S. civil roster (one with an expired certificate ), down from seven, four of them Super Pintos, in 2011.

As of late 2015, one T-610 prototype was still preserved at the Philippine Air Force Museum.

title: Temco TT Pinto


text:
Les Arsures

Les Arsures is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

title: Les Arsures


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/JHOVE

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:53, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

JHOVE
nothing links here Tedernst 18:16, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nomination. - Tedernst 18:16, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: nothing links here is not a criterion for deletion. It is, however, very stubby.  JHOVE Harvard draws 136 unique Google hits.  I think it's borderline on low hits => software vanity vs many hits being academic papers.  No vote.  — Lomn | Talk / RfC 18:44, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep No valid reason in nomination. Hipocrite - « Talk » 19:03, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay, so I'm learning the policy here. Sorry for taking time following the policy that might've been better spent by me learning the policy.  It seems to be vanity and unimportant.  Can a reason for deletion be changed?  Is there a reason to keep an article just because the reason in the afd is wrong?  Thanks for helping me learn. Tedernst 20:13, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep, collaboration between JSTOR and Harvard University Library. The google hits on Lomn's link are good quality. Kappa 20:26, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Pronounce Jove - I spent days on this and related stuff over the Summer. (On second thoughts, if I voted delete would it all just go away?)   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   21:56, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This helps me get through college. --Jacquelyn Marie 04:06, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete per CSD:A1. Denni ☯ 05:09, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, substub. --fvw *  01:55, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I expanded the stub a little. -- DS1953 03:56, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/JHOVE


text:
Albert Baez

Albert Vinicio Báez (, ; November 15, 1912 – March 20, 2007) was a Mexican-American physicist and the father of singers Joan Baez and Mimi Fariña, and an uncle of John C. Baez. He made important contributions to the early development of X-ray microscopes, X-ray optics, and later X-ray telescopes.

Early life
Albert Báez was born in Puebla, Mexico, in 1912 to Alberto B. Báez and Thalia Báez. His father was a Methodist minister and his mother was a social worker for the YWCA. Albert was four when his father moved his family to the United States, first to Texas for a year and then to New York City. Albert, his sister Mimi and brother Peter were raised in Brooklyn where his father founded the First Spanish Methodist Church in New York. During his youth, Baez contemplated becoming a minister, but he followed his interests in mathematics and physics instead.

Báez earned degrees in mathematics and physics from Drew University (BS, 1933) and mathematics from Syracuse University (MS, 1935). He married Joan Chandos Bridge, the daughter of an Episcopalian priest, in 1936. The couple became Quakers. The two had three daughters (Pauline, Joan, and Mimi), then moved to California: Báez enrolled at Stanford's doctoral program in physics. Baez taught at Wagner College from 1940 to 1944, and then moved to Stanford University in 1944 where he taught undergraduate courses in physics and mathematics. In 1948, Báez co-invented, with his doctoral program advisor, Paul Kirkpatrick, the X-ray reflection microscope for examination of living cells. This microscope is still used in medicine. Baez received his Ph.D. in physics from Stanford in 1950, and wrote his thesis titled "Principles of X-Ray Optics and the Development of a Single State X-Ray Microscope". In 1948, while still a graduate student at Stanford, he developed concentric circles of alternating opaque and transparent materials to use diffraction instead of refraction to focus X-rays. These zone plates proved useful and even essential decades later only with the development of sufficiently bright, high intensity, synchrotron X-ray sources.

Academic life
As the Cold War intensified in the 1950s, Báez's talent was in high demand in the burgeoning arms race, yet his family's pacifism moved him to refuse lucrative defense industry positions, and he devoted himself instead to education and humanitarianism.

From 1950 to 1956, he held a professorship at the University of Redlands, where he continued his X-ray research. Baez took leave for a year to work with UNESCO in 1951, and stationed his family in Baghdad to establish the physics department and laboratory at Baghdad University. In 1956, Baez returned to Stanford and began to work with Jerrold R. Zacharias. Together, they worked on the Physics Science Study Committee, which was an effort to reshape the way physics was taught in high schools. In 1959, Baez accepted a faculty position at MIT and moved his family to the Boston area. Baez worked on physics education with the Physical Science Study Committee, in particular, focused on producing films. In 1960, working with the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, he developed optics for an X-ray telescope. Later that year he moved his family to Claremont, California, where he joined the faculty at Harvey Mudd College. From 1961 to 1967, he served as the first director of the science education program for UNESCO in Paris. Here, he helped to develop projects in the basic sciences in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Arab states.

Baez was the author of the textbook The New College Physics: A Spiral Approach (1967). He was the co-author of the textbook The Environment and Science and Technology Education (1987), and the memoir, A Year in Baghdad (1988), written with his wife Joan. Báez made nearly a hundred films on physics from 1967 to 1974 for the Encyclopædia Britannica Educational Corp. Báez chaired the Commission on Education of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources from 1979 to 1983.

On 22 June 1974, Britain's Open University awarded Baez an honorary degree as Doctor of the university.

Retirement
After his retirement, Báez occasionally delivered physics lectures and was the president of Vivamos Mejor/USA in 1986, an organization founded in 1988 to help impoverished villages in Mexico. Its projects include preschool education, environmental projects, and community and educational activities. His lectures often included the "importance of the 3 Cs- curiosity, creativity, and compassion." In 1991, the International Society for Optical Engineering awarded him and Kirkpatrick the Dennis Gabor Award for pioneering contributions to the development of X-ray imaging microscopes and X-ray imaging telescopes. In 1995, the Hispanic Engineer National Achievement Awards Corporation (HENAAC) established the Albert V. Baez Award for Technical Excellence and Service to Humanity. Báez himself was inducted into the HENAAC Hall of Fame in 1998.

Báez was the father of folk singers Joan Baez and Mimi Fariña, whom he encouraged to enjoy music and the arts, and of Pauline Bryan; he also was the uncle of mathematical physicist John Baez. He had three grandchildren and one great-granddaughter. He died of natural causes on March 20, 2007, at age 94 in the Redwood City care home where he had lived for the prior three years. Báez had been divorced from his wife, Joan Bridge Baez, for several years, at the time of his death. According to the singer Joan Baez, speaking at the 2009 Newport Folk Festival, her parents married each other a second time before his death. His obituary in the New York Times states that "his survivors include his wife, Joan Bridge Baez of Woodside, Calif."

Publications

 * Baez, Albert V. (1967). The New College Physics: A Spiral Approach. W.H. Freeman and Company.

title: Albert Baez


text:
Tigalari script

Tigalari (Tigaḷāri lipi, tulu lipi), also known as Tulu script, is a Southern Brahmic script which was used to write Tulu, Kannada, and Sanskrit languages. It was primarily used for writing Vedic texts in Sanskrit. It evolved from the Grantha script. It is referred to as Tigalari lipi in Kannada-speaking regions (Malnad region) and Tulu speakers call it as Tulu lipi. It bears high similarity and relationship to its sister script Malayalam, which also evolved from the Grantha script.

The oldest record of the usage of this script found in a stone inscription at the Sri Veeranarayana temple in Kulashekara here is in complete Tigalari/Tulu script and Tulu language and belongs to the 1159 A.D. The various inscriptions of Tulu from the 15th century are in the Tigalari script. Two Tulu epics named Sri Bhagavato and Kaveri from the 17th century were also written in the same script. It was also used by Tulu-speaking Brahmins like Shivalli Brahmins and Kannada speaking Havyaka Brahmins and Kota Brahmins to write Vedic mantras and other Sanskrit religious texts. However, there has been a renewed interest among Tulu speakers to revive the script as it was formerly used in the Tulu-speaking region. The Karnataka Tulu Sahitya Academy, a cultural wing of the Government of Karnataka, has introduced Tuḷu language (written in Kannada script) and Tigalari script in schools across the Mangalore and Udupi districts. The academy provides instructional manuals to learn this script and conducts workshops to teach it.

Alternate names
The name by which this script is referred to is closely tied with its regional, linguistic or historical roots. It would not be wrong to assign all the names mentioned above to this script.

Arya Ezhuttu or the more recently coined term: Grantha Malayalam is used to refer to this script in Kerala. Arya Ezhuttu covers the spectrum between the older script (that is Tigalari) until it was standardised by the lead types for Malayalam script (old style) in Kerala.

‘Tigalari’ is used to this day by the Havyaka Brahmins of the Malanadu region. Tigalari is also the term that is commonly used to refer to this script in most manuscript catalogues and in several academic publications today. Prof. Gunda Jois has studied this script closely for over four decades now. According to his findings that were based on evidences found in stone inscriptions, palm leaf manuscripts and early research work done by western scholars like Prof. B L Rice, he finds the only name used for this script historically has been ‘Tigalari’.

This script is commonly known as the Tulu script or Tulu Grantha script in the coastal regions of Karnataka. There are several recent publications and instructional books for learning this script. It is also called the Tigalari script in—Elements of South Indian Palaeography by Rev. A C Burnell and a couple of other early publications of the Basel Mission press, Mangalore. Tulu Ramayana manuscript found in the Dharmasthala archives refers to this script as 'Tigalari Lipi'.

Geographical distribution
The script is used all over Canara and Western Hilly regions of Karnataka. Many manuscripts are also found North Canara, Udupi, South Canara, Shimoga, Chikkamagaluru and Kasaragod district of Kerala. There are innumerable manuscripts found in this region. The major language of manuscripts is Sanskrit, mainly the works of Veda, Jyotisha and other Sanskrit epics.

Historical use
Thousands of manuscripts have been found in this script such as Vedas, Upanishads, Jyotisha, Dharmashastra, Purana and many more. Most works are in Sanskrit. However, some Kannada manuscripts are also found such as Gokarna Mahatmyam etc. The popular 16th-century work Kaushika Ramayana written in Old Kannada language by Battaleshwara of Yana, Uttara Kannada is found in this script. Mahabharato of 15th century written in this script in Tulu language is also found. But earlier to this several 12th-13th century Sanskrit manuscripts of Madhvacharya are also found. Honnavar in Uttara Kannada District is known for its Samaveda manuscripts. Other manuscripts like Devi Mahatmyam, from the 15th century and two epic poems written in the 17th century, namely Sri Bhagavato and Kaveri have also been found in Tulu language.

Modern use
Today the usage of the script has decreased. It is still used in parts of Kanara region and traditional maṭhas of undivided Dakshina Kannada and Uttara Kannada Districts.

The National Mission for Manuscripts has conducted several workshops on Tigalari script. Dharmasthala and the Ashta Mathas of Udupi have done significant work in preserving the script. Several studies and research work has been done on Tigalari script. Keladi houses over 400 manuscripts in Tigalari script.

There is a gaining support and interest by Tuluvas in revival of the script. Karnataka Tulu Sahitya Academy is constantly conducting meetings with experts for standardisation of Tulu script. There is also huge support from Local MLAs for popularising the Tulu script.

There are many places in Tulu Nadu region where sign boards are being installed in Tulu script.

Preservation

 * Keladi Museum & Historical Research Bureau, Shimoga, Karnataka
 * The museum has a library of about a thousand paper and palm leaf manuscripts written in Kannada, Sanskrit, Tamil and Telugu, besides four hundred palm leaf manuscripts in Tigalari script. They relate to literature, art, dharmaśāstra, history, astrology, astronomy, medicine, mathematics and veterinary science. There are several collections in the museum, including art objects, arms coins, stone sculptures and copper plate inscriptions belonging to the Vijayanagara and Keladi eras. The Institution is affiliated to Gnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Kuvempu University of Shimoga.

 * Oriental Research Institute Mysore
 * The Oriental Research Institute Mysore houses over 33,000 palm leaf manuscripts. It is a research institute which collects, exhibits, edits and publishes rare manuscripts in both Sanskrit and Kannada. It contains many manuscripts, including Sharadatilaka, in Tigalari script.  The Sharadatilaka is a treatise on theory and practice of Tantric worship. While the exact date of the composition is not known, the manuscript itself is thought to be about four hundred years old. The author of the text, Lakshmana Deshikendra, is said to have written the text as an aid to worship for those unable to go through voluminous Tantra texts. The composition contains the gist of major Tantra classics and is in verse form.

 * Saraswathi Mahal Library, Thanjavur
 * Built up by the Nayak and Maratha dynasties of Thanjavur, Saraswathi Mahal Library contains a very rare and valuable collection of manuscripts, books, maps and painting on all aspects of arts, culture and literature. The scripts include Grantha, Devanagari, Telugu and Malayalam, Kannada, Tamil, Tigalari and Oriya.

 * French Institute of Pondicherry
 * The Institut Français de Pondichéry was established in 1955 with a view to collecting all material relating to Saiva Āgamas, scriptures of the Saiva religious tradition called the Shaiva Siddhanta, which has flourished in South India since the eighth century A.D. The manuscript collection of the Institute was compiled under its Founder–Director, Jean Filliozat. The manuscripts, which are in need of urgent preservation, cover a wide variety of topics such as Vedic ritual, Saiva Agama, Sthalapurana and scripts, such as Grantha and Tamil. The collection consists of approximately 8,600 palm-leaf codices, most of which are in the Sanskrit language and written in Grantha script; others are in Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Nandinagari and Tigalari scripts.

 * The Shaiva Agama is composed in Sanskrit and written in Tigalari script. Though there may be a few copies of these texts available elsewhere, this particular codex comes from southern Karnataka, providing glimpses into the regional variations and peculiarities in ritual patterns. The manuscript was copied in the 18th century on (sritala) palm leaf manuscripts.

Apart from these they are also found in Dharmasthala, Ramachandrapura Matha of Hosanagar, Shimoga, Sonda Swarnavalli Matha of Sirsi and the Ashta Mathas of Udupi.

Characters
Palm-leaf manuscript of Sanskrit written in Tigalari: Vidyamadhaviyam-Jyotisha Shastram

A chart showing a complete list of consonant and vowel combinations used in the Tigalari script.

Comparison with other scripts
Tigalari and Malayalam are both descended from Grantha script, and resemble each other both in their individual letters and in using consonant conjuncts less than other Indic scripts. It is assumed that a single script around 9th-10th century called Western Grantha, evolved from Grantha script and later divided into two scripts.

This table compares the consonants ka, kha, ga, gha, ṅa with other Southern Indic scripts such as Grantha, Tigalari, Malayalam, Kannada and Sinhala.

Unicode
Proposals of Tigalari (Tulu) have been submitted to Unicode in 2011 by Michael Everson and in 2017 by Vaishnavi Murthy K. Y. and Vinodh Rajan. Srinidhi A and Sridatta A also made comments on L2/16-241, the previous version of L2/17-378. , the most recent proposal is L2/22-034 by Dr. Akash Raj Jain of Karnataka Tulu Sahitya Academy.

Currently the proposal is to make 2 different scripts, one matching the archaic script as closely as possible for publishing old documents and manuscripts for which research is still going on, another is a simplified newly created version with some influence from Malayalam and Kannada scripts for daily use of Tulu for which the work is complete. This proposal is supported by the Karnataka Tulu Sahitya Academy too.

title: Tigalari script


text:
Tule Lake

Tule Lake is an intermittent lake covering an area of 13000 acre, 8.0 km long and 4.8 km across, in northeastern Siskiyou County and northwestern Modoc County in California, along the border with Oregon.

Geography
Tule Lake is fed by the Lost River. The elevation of the lake is 4035 ft.

It is one of twenty ancient lakes in the world that have existed continuously for more than 1 million years. However, this has recently come under significant threat due to multiple years of drought conditions.

Tule Lake is located 2.4 km, southwest of the town of Tulelake in Northern California.

Wildlife and water
The lake is part of the Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge and the Klamath Project. Deliveries of water from the Klamath Project have been necessary to provide sufficient water for wildlife. On July 24, 2020, a delivery of water from the Klamath Project saved 50,000 ducklings from death.

History
Canby's Cross is located about 3 mi south of the lake; it is the site where General Edward Canby was killed by the Modoc chief Kintpuash, also known to American settlers as Captain Jack.

The Tule Lake War Relocation Center, a Japanese American internment camp, is located east of the lake, in Modoc County. During World War II, the United States federal government under Executive Order 9066, forced the evacuation of Japanese nationals and Japanese Americans, including citizens born in the United States, to numerous camps built in the interior of California and inland states. This camp later housed mainly those who rebelled against WRA control in other Japanese Internment Camps, as well as those who refused to cooperate under what was known as the "loyalty questionnaire". They were forced to sell their businesses and homes, and suffered enormous economic and psychological losses by being treated as potential enemies. Following World War II, the federal government awarded 86 farm sites on land reclaimed by the drainage of Tule Lake to returning white veterans using a land lottery. A lottery was used because the number of applicants was greater than the number of homesteads available.

title: Tule Lake


text:
Talk:Tule Lake

Comment
The Tule Lake War Relocation Center article used to be here, instead of an article about the lake itself. -- howcheng  [ talk • contribs • web ] 19:06, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tule Lake


text: User talk:130.70.139.14

title: User talk:130.70.139.14


text:
Archon of Pella

Archon (Ancient Greek: Ἄρχων; died 321 BC) was a Pellaeon, appointed satrap of Babylonia after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC. He is probably the same as the son of Cleinias mentioned in the Indian expedition of Alexander. He perished in 321 BC in a fight against Dokimos. An inscription in Delphi shows that Archon had taken part in both the Isthmian and Pythian Games of 333 to 332 BC, won some horse-races.

1938 statue base discovery
A limestone statue base was found on 2 May 1938 in Delphi along the Via Sacra. It is currently held by the Delphi Archaeological Museum. Three different inscriptions in Greek were engraved on the base. The first six-line epigram celebrated Archon's athletic victories, his administration of the city of Babylon, a period of military service alongside Alexander, the glory given to his motherland (Pella) by his achievements, followed by the dedication of a sculptural group depicting Archon's family. A shorter inscription of two elegiac couplets related to Archon’s victories in the Pythian and Isthmic agons in an equestrian event. The third inscription was a decree granting privileges to Archon and his family (including priority in consulting the oracles, first place in the theater, exemption from taxes, and precedence in the tribunal). Smaller inscriptions on the statue base found in the same area named, Archon's father, Kleinos, his mother, Synesis (wife of Kleinos), and his brother, Isokrates.

The dating of these inscriptions confirm that the Archon referred to was, known from the historiography as the officer of Alexander the Great, who was active in the East between 326 and 321 BC. Together with other Trierarchs, Alexander assigned Archon to oversee the transport of the fleet in the Battle of the Hydaspes of 326. During the division of the empire among the generals after the death of Alexander, Archon assumed the satrapy of Babylon. In the Wars of the Diadochi, Archon was hostile to Perdiccas, who sent Dokimos to Babylon against him. Archon then died in 321 in the battle for control of the city.

title: Archon of Pella


text:
Talk:Seven Years in Tibet

1953
I find the changes by User:24.207.55.128 suspicious — Preceding unsigned comment added by J2xshandy (talk • contribs) 18:21, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I reverted the changes based on the fact that the book is listed as being published in 1953 in every source. - Bobet 23:21, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

Stilted
The spelling, grammar and punctuation in this entry are awful. I have done some amendments, but sections will need a total re-write as the English is often very stilted. Jonobass 10:03, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
 * The prose in the original book is no better! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:44B8:3102:BB00:2D0F:4C96:3681:101B (talk) 20:50, 30 December 2019 (UTC)

Book and film shouldn't be merged
WOuldn't it be better to have two articles? The book is one of the great travel writing classics - translated into 53 languages but this seens to 80% about the film and its accuracy.--JBellis 17:53, 29 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree Rlfb 13:15, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok, I've now looked into it, and WikiProject Films/Films based on books quite clearly states that the book and film should not be merged, and here's how to do it: User:Eagle 101/films that are also novels list. This seems to be the standard across Wikipedia, so at some stage this is what needs to be done. Rlfb 23:18, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Claims
The article stated: It was also revealed by the German magazine Stern'' that the real life Heinrich Harrer was a member of Adolf Hitler's Nazi party and a member of the Austrian SS. In the movie, however, he is shown to have contempt for the Nazis. ''

The link is not exact, and it does not support the claims made. Further, Harrer's connection the Nazis was not exactly new, so it did not need to be "revealed". Actually, it is shown in the movie itself. -- Zz 14:08, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Film synopsis
The article said: [...] although incredibly intrigued by his looks. Statements like these completely miss the point of an encyclopedia. The entire film synopsis lacks neutrality and gives much too much detail. -- Zz 11:36, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree. I see two options:
 * split the page so one page talks about "the" film (there is an earlier film, made in 1956, which isn't mentioned at all at the moment) and the other about the book;
 * drastically reduce the detail about the film, or (even better), swap the "synopsis" of the film for a (shorter) synopsis of the book, and mention that two films have been made, perhaps giving some small details like a cast list.
 * I personally favour the second course of action. Rlfb 15:14, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

I would hate to see the amount of information greatly reduced. If you want to improve it, fine. Otherwise, please leave it alone. If you feel covering the book and two films thoroughly in one article is too much, give them each an article. They are worthy. 69.87.200.41 03:10, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

After seeing the Pitt movie on VHS, and trying to read this article and fix it, I am forced to agree that this article needs a lot of work. The only serious neutrality problem I see is the vexing issue of whether the Chinese "really" invaded Tibet. But the wording needs to be improved (more), and there really is too much detail. But it takes a lot of thought to cut things out in a good way! The Film synopsis sort of ends before it quite gets to the end of the movie -- so after condensing what is there by about half, more should be added. The synopsis as it stands seems to mostly be from the movie, with some from the book. It would be good if the differences were clarified, and good to have more material about the earlier movie. 69.87.204.231 02:13, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

After further reflection, I am more accepting of the great detail in the article. It isn't hurting anything, really -- no one is forced to read it! The intro is a fair summary; casual readers can stop there. The section divisions help the browser find the material that they may be interested in. The photos are nice on the whole. It could certainly benefit from some more improvement of wording. Some reduction in the amount of detail would be OK, but is not that important, and would take a lot of effort to do well. The NTSC VHS is 136 min ISBN 0-8001-2511-8 UPC 4339621813 1997 1998. What would most improve the article would be a bunch of good links to reviews of the book and movies -- but I am not sure that is allowed here in WP-land... 69.87.200.42 14:09, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Ok, so it seems keeping the detail might be the best policy. However, I still believe that the article that currently exists talks way too much about the synopsis of the Pitt movie, rather than about the original book on which it is based - a travesty given the book's historical importance and status as one of the great classics in the world of travel literature (ok, so saying that on the actual page would violate NPOV, but I hope you get my point that its significance really does outweigh both of the films made about it). I've not read the book recently so I don't intend to do anything in the immediate future at any rate. Rlfb 10:45, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

You are all acting as if the article reads really boring it doesn't it is actually very good -just needs to compare the book now Ernst Stavro Blofeld 13:07, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

Titles
I think all the titles in this article are one size too big, i.e. we should replace =Title= with ==Title==, and so on. Looking around, this seems more consistent with the rest of wikipedia. Any objections? Rlfb 18:57, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

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Plot ?
The word ‘Plot’ implies that the work is fiction, and it is fact. This summary is more like a high school study guide. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:44B8:3102:BB00:2D0F:4C96:3681:101B (talk) 20:52, 30 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Seven Years in Tibet


text:
Lewis Morris (governor)

Lewis Morris (October 15, 1671 – May 21, 1746), chief justice of New York and British governor of New Jersey, was the first lord of the manor of Morrisania in New York City (in what is now the Bronx).

Biography
Born on the estate of his parents, Richard Morris (originally from Monmouthshire, Wales) and Sarah (Pole) Morris in 1671, this Lewis Morris was the first in a lengthy string of men with the same name to inherit the prominent estate of Morrisania in the southwest section of today's Bronx. Richard and Sarah moved their estate from Barbados to the Bronx after buying the estate from Samuel Edsall in 1670 when it was still known as Broncksland. As the name suggests, Broncksland was the original settlement of Jonas Bronck and his wife, for whom the borough is named. In the fall of 1672, both Richard and Sarah died, leaving only the infant Lewis, barely a year old, as the lord of the manor.

Although the manor was left in the trust of five prominent Westchester citizens until Lewis could rightfully inherit the estate, Matthias Nicoll, secretary of the colony, sent word to Colonel Lewis Morris, the infant's uncle in Barbados. Col. Lewis immediately made plans to move to Morrisania to care for his young nephew and his nephew's estate, which had been somewhat embezzled. Col. Lewis made great pains to secure his nephew's lost property, including a few slaves that had been captured and resold. He was even successful in petitioning for an additional land grant with the help of family friend, Walter Webley. When the childless Col. Lewis and his wife, Mary, died, the now fully-grown Lewis inherited the estate in 1691.

New Jersey
Lewis Morris showed a passion for politics from an early age, and first appears on the political scene in 1692, serving in the East New Jersey Provincial Council during the administration of Governor Andrew Hamilton. After the late 1690s the government of East and West Jersey became increasingly dysfunctional. This ultimately resulted in the surrender by the Proprietors of East Jersey and those of West Jersey of the right of government to Queen Anne. Anne's government united the two colonies as the Province of New Jersey, a royal colony, establishing a new system of government.

On July 29, 1703, in the instructions to Governor Viscount Cornbury Morris was appointed to the New Jersey Provincial Council, and would serve, with several suspensions, through the administrations of seven governors. During much of this time Morris was President of Council.

Morris and Cornbury soon found themselves at opposition, and Cornbury responded by suspending Morris from the upper house. The first time, in September 1704, Morris apologized to the governor and was reinstated, but in December 1704 Cornbury suspended him.

Morris was elected to a seat in the New Jersey General Assembly in 1707, representing an at-large constituency within the Eastern Division of New Jersey. After the recall of Cornbury by the Crown, Lewis Morris was reinstated to the Council in the June 27, 1708, instructions to Baron Lovelace; Lovelace died eleven months later, and Morris was again suspended, this time by Lt. Gov. Richard Ingoldesby.

Morris was again reinstated to the Council in the instructions to Governor Robert Hunter, with whom he had a good relationship.

Sir William Cosby, who served as governor of New York and New Jersey (as did all governors beginning with Viscount Cornbury), showed little interest in New Jersey politics, started a feud with Morris because of a decision of the New York Supreme Court. Morris was Chief Justice, and wrote a dissenting minority opinion which Cosby found deeply offensive. Cosby recommended Morris' removal from the New Jersey Council on February 5, 1735.

In 1738, New Jersey petitioned the crown for a distinct administration from New York, and Lewis Morris served as Governor of New Jersey until his death in 1746.

New York
On March 16, 1715, Morris was appointed Chief Justice of New York. When William Cosby was appointed Governor of New York and New Jersey in 1732, his opponents were called "Morrisites" as Lewis Morris was a prominent critic. In 1733 Morris presided over the case of Cosby v. Van Dam. Although the case was decided in favor of Gov. Cosby, Morris wrote the minority opinion, which infuriated Cosby. Cosby demanded the written opinion from Morris. Morris complied with the Governor, but also had the opinion printed for public distribution, along with an explanatory letter stating,

"If judges are to be intimidated so as not to dare to give any opinion, but what is pleasing to the Governor, and agreeable to his private views, the people of this province who are very much concerned both with respect to their lives and fortunes in the freedom and independency of those who are to judge them, may possibly not think themselves so secure in either of them as the laws of his Majesty intended they should be."

This even further angered Cosby, who removed Morris from the court. His dismissal led directly to the John Peter Zenger trial affirming freedom of speech in the United States.

Personal life
On November 3, 1691, Morris was married to Isabella Graham (1673–1752), the eldest daughter of James Graham, who served as Speaker of the New York General Assembly and Recorder of New York City. Together, they were the parents of:

 * Mary Morris (1695–c. 1746), who married Capt. Vincent Pearse, commander of HMS Phoenix (1694).
 * Sarah Morris (1697–1736), who married Michael Kearney (1667–1741), the treasurer of the Province of East New Jersey.
 * Lewis Morris Jr. (1698–1762), who married Katrintje "Catherine" Staats (1697–1731). After her death, he married Sarah Gouverneur (1714–1786).
 * Robert Hunter Morris (1700–1764), who served as New Jersey Chief Justice.
 * Anne Morris (1706–1781), who married Edward Antrill (1701–1770). They were the parents of Lt. Col. Edward Antill.
 * Arabella Morris (b. 1708), who married her first cousin, James Graham III (1704–1767).
 * Isabella Morris (b. c. 1705), who married Richard Ashfield (1695–1742).
 * Euphemia Morris (c. 1710–1756), who married Capt. Matthew Norris, son of Sir John Norris, and grandson of Matthew Aylmer, 1st Baron Aylmer.
 * Margaret Morris (b. c. 1711), who married Isaac Willett (1706–1774).
 * Elizabeth Morris (1712–1784), who married Col. Anthony White III (1717–1787). They were the parents of Brig. Gen. Anthony Walton White.
 * John Morris (-1737), a Surrogate of Monmouth County NJ in 1733. Father of Lieut. John Morris and Ann Morris. Who died young.
 * Nancy Morris, who died young.
 * James Morris
 * Daniel Morris(1702-1784)

Gov. Lewis Morris died on May 21, 1746, in Kingsbury (near Trenton). His remains are in the Morris family crypt at St. Ann's Church in the Bronx.

Legacy and descendants
Through his children, he was the grandfather of many prominent Americans, including Lewis Morris (1726–1798), a signer of the Declaration of Independence; Gen. Staats Long Morris (1728–1800); New York Chief Justice Richard Morris; New Jersey Chief Justice Robert Morris (1745-1815); and U.S. Senator and Founding Father Gouverneur Morris (1752–1816).

Places Named after Morris

 * Morris County, New Jersey
 * Morristown, New Jersey
 * Morris Township, New Jersey
 * Morris Plains, New Jersey
 * Lewis Morris County Park, New Jersey

title: Lewis Morris (governor)


text: User talk:70.189.120.44

title: User talk:70.189.120.44


text:
User talk:Pcv~enwiki

Welcome To The World Of Technology. I am P.C.Vishakh A Student Of Mvj College Of Engineering Doing My 3rd Year Computer Science Bach.Of Engineering.I am Trying To Create A New Operating Systems Complete Different From The Traditional OS Structure.Please Tell Me Article That Can Help Me.Are U With Me Just Mail Me A pcvishakh@yahoo.com.

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title: User talk:Pcv~enwiki


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Microsoft Japan

Microsoft Japan Co., Ltd. (日本マイクロソフト株式会社) (also known as MSKK) is a Japanese subsidiary of Microsoft headquartered in Minato, Tokyo. It develops both hardware and software technologies for consumers and business partners.

Microsoft Japan was founded in February 1986 as Microsoft Company, Ltd. (マイクロソフト株式会社) by Susumu Furukawa and Bill Gates after partnership between ASCII Corporation and Microsoft ended, with the remaining ASCII Microsoft operations being merged into ASCII.

History
In 1978, Kazuhiko Nishi, co-founder of ASCII Publisher, partnered with Bill Gates and founded ASCII Microsoft (株式会社アスキー・マイクロソフト) as the sole dealer of Microsoft's products in Japan. In 1980, ASCII made 1.2 billion yen of sales from licensing Microsoft BASIC. It was 40 percent of Microsoft's sales, and Nishi became Microsoft's Vice President of Sales for Far East. In 1983, ASCII and Microsoft announced MSX. In 1984, ASCII Microsoft was merged to ASCII.

However, Microsoft founded its own Japan subsidiary, Microsoft Company, Limited (マイクロソフト株式会社) often shortened to MSKK, and dissolved partnership with ASCII in 1986. It was because Gates wanted Microsoft to go public in the New York Stock Exchange, and also he opposed Nishi and ASCII's diversification. Susumu Furukawa (古川 享), who was also a member of ASCII, officially became the first president of Microsoft Kabushiki Kaisha. ASCII kept rights of MSX.

In October 1986, Microsoft Japan announced the AX project that was a Japanese computing initiative to allow IBM PCs to handle Japanese text. The AX couldn't break into the Japanese PC market due to its cost and lack of available software.

In October 1990, IBM Japan announced the DOS/V. Furukawa made an appointment with IBM Japan to share the source code of DOS/V. Microsoft Japan supplied the OEM adaptation kit (OAK) of DOS/V for PC manufacturers.

For the Japanese adaptation of Windows 3.1, Microsoft Japan and Ricoh co-developed two Japanese TrueType fonts, MS Gothic and MS Mincho. It took two years, and delayed the release of Japanese Windows 3.1. However, it became the first successful version of Windows in Japan.

In 1998, the Japan Fair Trade Commission informed Microsoft of an unfair trade that Microsoft forced personal computer manufacturers to bundle with Excel and Word against the request of a bundle with Excel and Ichitaro. The company faced another JFTC scrutiny (in midst of European Union actions against Microsoft) when the company was accused of having clauses that hurt the ability of Japanese computer manufacturers to obtain an OEM Windows license in 2004.

In 2011, the company changed its name to Microsoft Japan Company, Limited (日本マイクロソフト株式会社).

Microsoft Japan conducted a trial 4-day work week in summer 2019, granting workers paid leave on Fridays. At the same time it cut the length of most meetings from a full hour to half an hour, and capped attendance at five employees. For the duration of the trial, the company reported a 40% increase in productivity and 23% reduction in electricity costs.

Microsoft Hagaki Studio
Microsoft Hagaki Studio (マイクロソフト はがきスタジオ, Microsoft Postcard Studio) is a discontinued postcard software for printing nengajo (New Year's Day postcard). The software was released only in Japan from 1997 to 2006. It provided the upgrade path from other competitors such as Fudemame (筆まめ) and Fudeoh (筆王), but Microsoft Hagaki Studio 2007 was the last version of the software.

Events

 * May 13, 2005 - Yoshihiro Maruyama presented the Xbox 360 to the public.

Sponsorship
From 2004 to 2009 the company sponsored the Microsoft Cup, a knockout rugby football tournament contested by the best Japanese teams from the Top League.

title: Microsoft Japan


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Art and part

Art and part is a term used in Scots law to denote the aiding or abetting in the perpetration of a crime, or being an accessory before or at the perpetration of the crime. There is no such offence recognised in Scotland as that of being an accessory after the fact.

Under section 293(1) of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995, a person may be convicted of, and punished for, a contravention of any enactment, notwithstanding that he was guilty of such contravention as art and part only. Subsection (2) says:

"(2) Without prejudice to subsection (1) above or to any express provision in any enactment having the like effect to this subsection, any person who aids, abets, counsels, procures or incites any other person to commit an offence against the provisions of any enactment shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction, unless the enactment otherwise requires, to the same punishment as might be imposed on conviction of the first-mentioned offence."

title: Art and part


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Dennis Washington

Dennis R. Washington (born 1934) is an American billionaire industrialist who owns, or co-owns controlling interests in, a large consortium of privately held companies collectively known as the Washington Companies and, in Canada, another collection of companies known as the Seaspan Marine Corporation.

Early life
Born in Spokane, Dennis Washington grew up in Spokane, Bremerton, Washington, and Missoula, Montana. His parents separated when he was very young, and Washington lived with his mother. He rarely saw his father, who worked in construction overseas. Washington did not grow up in a wealthy family. Additionally, he states his parents' divorce as his motivation to provide his own wife and children with a stable family environment.

Career
Following graduation from high school, Dennis Washington worked in construction in Alaska and Montana. He began his business career at age 30 in 1964, with a $30,000 loan and a single bulldozer. He created Washington Construction, which worked primarily on highway contracts, and by 1969 was the largest contractor in Montana.

In the 1970s he moved into mining and dam construction. In 1986 he acquired a copper and molybdenum mine at Butte, Montana. He reopened the mine and it became a profitable operation. This success helped him diversify into railroads, marine services, coastal shipping, aviation and real estate. In 1996 Washington Construction acquired global construction and engineering company Morrison-Knudsen Corporation of Boise, Idaho, creating Washington Group International.

Washington Companies
The Washington Companies are a group of individual privately held companies headquartered throughout the United States and western Canada and conducting business internationally.

Included in the Washington Companies' holdings are:
 * Seaspan ULC is an association of Canadian companies involved in coastal marine transportation, shipdocking and ship escort, ship repair and shipbuilding services in western North America.
 * Montana Rail Link is a Class II regional railroad that operates over 900 route miles of track in Montana and Idaho.
 * Aviation Partners Inc. develops and markets the Blended Winglet Performance Enhancement System for business jet aircraft..
 * Envirocon Inc.’s core services include environmental remediation, ecological restoration, and decommissioning and demolition for government and commercial clients.
 * Southern Railway of British Columbia (SRY) is a major transporter of freight in British Columbia.
 * Modern Machinery Co. Inc. sells and rents heavy equipment, and supplies parts and service to support the construction, mining, aggregate, and logging industries.
 * Montana Resources LLP operates an open-pit copper and molybdenum mine in Butte, Montana, near the Continental Divide.
 * Seaspan Corporation (NYSE:SSW) is one of the world’s leading independent containership owners, owning and managing ships which are chartered long-term.

Political activity
Together with his spouse, Washington contributed $1million to Donald Trump's 2020 presidential campaign.

Personal life
Washington is married to Phyllis and lives in Missoula, Montana. His son, Kyle Washington, is co-chairman of Seaspan Marine Corporation.

Washington also owns a private estate on Stuart Island, British Columbia, including a fishing lodge and golf course. The Washington–Grizzly Stadium for football at the University of Montana is named for him.

His private yacht Attessa IV has been featured in Forbes magazine. He has a Boeing Business Jet, 737-700 registration N162WC.

title: Dennis Washington


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National team appearances in the FIVB Volleyball World Championship

National team appearances in the FIVB Volleyball World Championship may refer to
 * National team appearances in the FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship
 * National team appearances in the FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship


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Talk:PC98

Does anybody know how it is connected to PC-9801 and if they should be merged? -- Darklock 18:24, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:PC98


text: Wikipedia:Picture of the day/October 13, 2005