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Akathethara

 Akathethara  is a census town and suburb of Palakkad city, Kerala, India. It is located about 11 km from the city centre and 5 km from renowned Malampuzha dam. Sabari Ashram also called as Kerala's Sabarmati is located here where Mahatma Gandhi made his visit three times.

Demographics
India census, Akathethara had a population of 28592 with 13862 males and 14730 females.

title: Akathethara


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Papoose

Papoose (from the Algonquian papoose, meaning "child") is an American English word whose present meaning is "a Native American child" (regardless of tribe) or, even more generally, any child, usually used as a term of endearment, often in the context of the child's mother. The word came originally from the Narragansett tribe. In 1643, Roger Williams recorded the word in his A Key into the Language of America, helping to popularize it.

Papoose carrier
Cradle boards and other child carriers used by Native Americans are known by various names. In Algonquin history, the term papoose is sometimes used to refer to a child carrier. However, there are many different terms among the 573 federally recognized tribes, nations, and communities.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Papoose


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Belvédère tower

The Tour du Belvédère is a 20 metre tall observation tower located on Belvédère mountain near Mulhouse in Alsace, France. Tour du Belvédère was designed by Ph. Ant. Fauler, built in 1898 and is reminiscent of the Eiffel Tower.

title: Belvédère tower


text: Category:Mass media in Sri Lanka

title: Category:Mass media in Sri Lanka


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Thomas Binney

Thomas Binney (1798–1874) was an English Congregationalist divine of the 19th century, popularly known as the "Archbishop of Nonconformity". He was noted for sermons and writings in defence of the principles of Nonconformity, for devotional verse, and for involvement in the cause of anti-slavery.

Biography
Binney was born of Presbyterian parents at Newcastle upon Tyne in 1798, and educated at an ordinary day school. He spent seven years in the employment of George Angus, bookseller and printer of The Side, Newcastle. A fellow apprentice, Robert Emery wrote his song about "The Great Frost on the River Tyne" which had caused the River Tyne to freeze over during January and February 1814; Binney is credited by Thomas Allan, in his Illustrated Edition of Tyneside Songs and Readings with finishing off the song. After his time with the bookseller, he entered the theological school of Wymondley College, Hertfordshire.

In 1829, after short pastorates at Bedford (New Meeting) and Newport, Isle of Wight, he accepted a call to the historic King's Weigh House Chapel, London in succession to the elder John Clayton. Here he became very popular, and it was found necessary to build a much larger chapel on Fish Street Hill, to which the congregation removed. Its eminent members included Samuel Morley MP as well as William Hone and members of his family.

Binney laid the foundation stone of the new chapel himself, in 1834. An address delivered on the occasion of the laying of the foundation stone, published with an appendix containing a strong attack on the influence of the Church of England, gave rise to a long and bitter controversy. Throughout his career Binney was a vigorous opponent of the state church principle, though he maintained friendly relations with many of the dignitaries of the Established Church. From 1865 to 1869, Llewelyn David Bevan assisted Binney at the King's Weigh House.

His liberality of view and breadth of ecclesiastical sympathy entitle him to rank, on questions of Nonconformity, among the most distinguished of the school of Richard Baxter. Indeed, he became known as "the Archbishop of Nonconformity".

Binney was an active member of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, formed in 1839. A painting at the National Portrait Gallery in London, The Anti-slavery Convention, 1840, depicts many of the key participants of the first World Anti-Slavery Convention, with Thomas Clarkson introducing the event chaired by Binney. In 1853, when the African-American abolitionist Samuel Ringgold Ward came to Britain to raise funds for the Anti-slavery Society of Canada, a time when there was a vast influx of escaped slaves from the United States seeking refuge in the British colony, he brought letters of introduction to Binney, planning to seek help initially from fellow Congregationalists in London such as Binney, James Sherman and Josiah Conder. Binney later became the biographer of Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, a leading parliamentary abolitionist.

He continued to discharge the duties of the ministry until 1869, when he resigned. In 1845 he paid a visit to Canada and the United States, and in 1857–1859 to the Australian colonies. The University of Aberdeen conferred the LL.D. degree on him in 1852, and he was twice chairman of the Congregational Union of England and Wales.

Binney pioneered changes to the forms of service in Nonconformist churches, and gave a special impulse to congregational psalmody by the publication of a book entitled The Service of Song in the House of the Lord. Of numerous other works the best-known is his Is it Possible to Make the Best of Both Worlds?, an expansion of a lecture delivered to young men in Exeter Hall, which attained a circulation of 30,000 copies within a year of its publication. He wrote much devotional verse, including the well-known hymn "Eternal Light! Eternal Light!"

Binney preached his last sermon in November 1873. After some months of suffering, he died on 24 February 1874. Arthur Penrhyn Stanley assisted at his funeral service in Abney Park Cemetery, Stoke Newington, London, where his monument, a tall pink granite obelisk, can still be seen near to that of William Booth, close to Church Street.

Books
Among his many books and numerous collections of sermons, published throughout his life, are:

title: Thomas Binney


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Category:Fellows of Nuffield College, Oxford

Fellows and Wardens of Nuffield College, Oxford.


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User talk:71.99.29.34

Proposed deletion of Libertarian management

The article Libertarian management has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Unsourced since 2005. No sources found to support use of this term."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Mccapra (talk) 21:26, 20 January 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:71.99.29.34


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Talk:Alistair Darling

IMG membership
Was he ever a member of the International Marxist Group? Not inconceivable, presumably in his student days, but this is not sourced. PatGallacher (talk) 14:03, 30 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alistair Darling


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Ee ja nai ka

Ee ja nai ka (ええじゃないか) was a complex of carnivalesque religious celebrations and communal activities, often understood as social or political protests, which occurred in many parts of Japan from June 1867 to May 1868, at the end of the Edo period and the start of the Meiji Restoration. Particularly intense during the Boshin War and Bakumatsu, the movement originated in the Kansai region, near Kyoto.

In West Japan, ee ja nai ka appeared at first in the form of dancing festivals, often related to public works, rain magic, or dances for the dead. When sacred amulets were said to have fallen from heaven, thanksgiving celebrations for these amulets were added that could last for several days and effectively took whole rural and urban communities away from everyday life. Gifts were exchanged, youth groups organized mass dances which included cross-dressing, elaborate costumes, or not wearing clothes at all. To express their gratitude towards the kami or buddhas who had given them the amulets, many people went on pilgrimages to local or regional sanctuaries. The term ee ja nai ka was a refrain in popular songs performed during these activities and was therefore later chosen as their title. The phrase's meaning is also both defiant and fatalistic, and it translates as "Who cares?", "Why not?" or "What the hell?", along the lines of "Who cares if we take our clothes off?", "Who cares if we have sex?".

The great diversity and rivalry of religious practice in pre-modern Japan helped shape the range of events. It has been suggested that religious activists, such as priests and itinerant preachers, played a major role in fabricating the "amulet showers", and some suspects were even caught in the act by alert officers. Youth interested in celebrating parties, or in becoming spiritual leaders, were also suspected and in some cases convicted.

Ee ja nai ka was not linked to any specific political platform, though it is often understood "as a form of political protest when other ways [were] blocked", in reaction to the crumbling Tokugawa shogunate. Disappointment regarding the lack of governing political leadership, disgust at Western and Christian foreigners, and other signs of social/political critique were frequently displayed. There is no evidence for any coordinated political setup or staging of ee ja nai ka, although this was also rumoured.

The movement spread across Japan, eventually descending to mob violence before coming to an end. The end of ee ja nai ka was concurrent with the beginning of the Meiji Restoration and the Western-style modernization of Japan.

A British translator, Ernest Mason Satow, recalled that he had seen:"Crowds of people in holiday garb, dancing and singing 'ii janai ka, ii janai ka' ...... houses decorated with rice cakes in all colours, oranges, little bags, straw and flowers. The dresses worn were chiefly red crape, a few blue and purple. Many of the dancers carried red lanterns on their heads."In 1981, Japanese director Shohei Imamura produced his film Eijanaika, which gives a deliberately historically incorrect interpretation of the events but nevertheless catches the unstable and tense atmosphere of the age. Imamura had previously helped write the 1957 Yuzo Kawashima film on the period Sun in the Last Days of the Shogunate. This era was also depicted in the 1969 Kihachi Okamoto-directed Toshirō Mifune film Red Lion. The ee ja nai ka activities, hitherto unknown as part of Japanese history during the Bakumatsu, have in recent years been included and alluded to in mainstream historical productions, such as the NHK Taiga dramas Ryōmaden and Yae no Sakura.

In popular culture

 * Like a Dragon: Ishin! - Appears sub story.

 * Bakumatsu Kikansetsu Irohanihoheto - At the beginning of episode 8 of the anime, the story involves an incident of Ee Ja Nai Ka as part of the plot.

title: Ee ja nai ka


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Rottingdean

Rottingdean is a village in the city of Brighton and Hove, on the south coast of England. It borders the villages of Saltdean, Ovingdean and Woodingdean, and has a historic centre, often the subject of picture postcards.

Name
The name Rottingdean is normally interpreted as the valley of the people associated with Rōta (a male personal name). Rota was probably the leader of a band of Saxons who invaded the region in 450–500 AD and replaced the existing Romano-British inhabitants. The first recorded mention is Rotingeden, in the Domesday Book (1086). Other variations to be found in ancient charters include Ruttingedene (1272), Rottyngden (1315) and Rottendeane (1673).

The name was contrasted unflatteringly with Goodwood (another place in Sussex) in a national 1970s advertising campaign for wood preserver.

Geography
Rottingdean is in a dry valley whose sides in the upper reaches are quite steep, and this valley comes right down to the English Channel coast.

Civil status and former extent of the area
The parish became part of county borough of Brighton in 1928. In 1996 it regained an independent parish council, the only one in what is now the city of Brighton and Hove. Within the parish lies the deserted hamlet of Balsdean. The adjacent village of Woodingdean was formerly (until 1933) part of Rottingdean parish. Also formerly in the parish were most of the district of what is now Saltdean; Roedean School, an independent school for girls; and the Blind Veterans UK Centre, a rehabilitation centre for blinded ex-Service personnel.

History
The first settled inhabitants of Rottingdean were the Neolithic people, arriving around 2500 BC. They would have hacked down trees and scrub to make fields for the growing of cereals such as barley. Through the ages, from Neolithic to Bronze to Iron Age, from Roman to Anglo-Saxon the same fields were probably worked. A Bronze Age barrow and pottery fragments were found when houses were being built in the area now known as Rottingdean Heights, east of the village centre. On the other side of the village, an Iron Age burial site was uncovered in 1863 on Beacon Hill.

The Celtic Iron Age mode of life probably continued much unchanged after the arrival of the Romans in 43 AD, but, from the middle of the third century, people living near the coast were terrorised by Saxon raiders. Some panic-stricken wealthy Romano-Britons took their money from their villas and buried it in pots on remote downland sites. One such hoard was unearthed at Balsdean and contained over a thousand coins dating from the years 275–287. After the Romans withdrew from Britain, Saxons started to settle in Sussex, the name Sussex being derived from the land of the South Saxons. In the sixth century, the South Saxons settled in Rottingdean, with their leader probably giving rise to the name of the village (see above).

Five hundred years later, in 1066, the Normans invaded. The new king, William the Conqueror, rewarded his followers with land. Rottingdean was part of the Lewes district given to his brother-in-law Earl William de Warenne. From information in the Domesday Book of 1086 it can be estimated that Rottingdean had a total population of between 50 and 100 at that time.

In the summer of 1377, during the Hundred Years War, French forces attacked Rottingdean. This attack was part of a series of French raids under the command of The Admiral of France, Jean de Vienne who had a fleet of 120 ships. Earlier, his forces had sacked and burnt the port of Rye, the French even taking the church's bronze bells. The raiders landed at Rottingdean, probably intending to pillage the nearby Lewes priory. The Prior of Lewes, with a force of 500 men marched to Rottingdean. The French could see them coming and set an ambush with 300 horsemen. The outnumbered English lost at least 100 men, but inflicted sufficient casualties on the French to deter them from making an attack on Lewes itself. During the action, the Prior was captured, together with his subordinates; Sir John Falvesley (or Fallesley), Sir Thomas Cheyne and the esquire John Brocas. The Prior and the two knights were later ransomed, but John Brocas died, probably of wounds received during the battle. The village suffered grievously. The French plundered and set fire to the houses and burnt the crops. Tradition has it that in their terror the villagers fled to the church where they sought sanctuary. The attackers then set the church alight, killing everybody inside.

In the 17th century, the rise of the Quaker movement was reflected in Rottingdean, with a number of villagers becoming Quakers. Their beliefs and codes of behaviour led to confrontations with authority. Nicholas Beard was one of the wealthiest landowners in the parish, who, in line with his Quaker beliefs, refused to pay his tithes. This led to a feud between him and Robert Baker who held the position of Vicar of Rottingdean for 52 years. Nicholas Beard and other Quakers suffered imprisonment on a number of occasions and it is recorded that, in 1659, the vicar took twelve oxen, six cows and a bull from Nicholas Beard to pay a year's tithes. However, Nicholas Beard remained a wealthy man. When he died he left a plot of land in the grounds of Challoners House to be a burial ground for Quakers.

Most histories of Rottingdean mention that its inhabitants were involved in smuggling. The smuggling was in both directions; wool would be smuggled out, and tea, spirits, tobacco and lace would be smuggled in. A number of documented seizures of contraband goods were made in Rottingdean in the second half of the 18th century. Contraband was most probably unloaded at Saltdean Gap rather than at Rottingdean as it was a more deserted spot. It would then be transported over the hill, down the present Whiteways Lane into the village and then inland for distribution. It is impossible to verify all the local stories or believe all the claims about secret passages under the village, but it is persistently rumoured that the 18th century vicar Dr Thomas Hooker was involved. However, the other face of Hooker was his devotion to education. He opened schools in the village both for the well-off and for the local children.

The village was once a centre for hunting, especially in the second half of the 19th century. The Brookside Hunt was based in the village until 1902, hunting hares and foxes with a pack of hounds.

For most of its history Rottingdean was a farming community, but from the late 18th century it attracted leisured visitors wanting a genteel alternative to raffish Brighton, among them people famous in English cultural life. Some, in the late 19th century, notably the painter Sir Edward Burne-Jones and his nephew Rudyard Kipling, made it their home. When farming collapsed in the 1920s, much of the farmland became available for building, and Rottingdean increased significantly in population, but especially in the area known as Saltdean. The Woodingdean area was made a separate parish in 1933 to cope with its expanding population.

The Black Horse
Now a public house on the High Street, the Black Horse is believed to be the oldest entire building in Rottingdean, having been built during the reign of Henry VIII, perhaps as early as 1513. It was formerly called the "Black Hole". Its lounge was once a forge.

Challoners
The old manor house of Rottingdean dates back to 1450 but only the cellars remain of the original building. Thomas Challoner built the manor but it later passed into the hands of the Beard family. Extensions were built right up to the 19th century and one distinctive feature is the solarium window. The present building, with its hidden smugglers’ tunnels, dates back to the late 16th century.

The Elms
The Elms is most famous for being lived in by Rudyard Kipling who rented the property between 1897 and 1902. The Elms was built around 1750, situated on The Green facing the village pond. From 1785 to 1859 it was owned by the Ingram family. Roderick Jones and his wife Enid Bagnold bought the house in 1929 to prevent it from being turned into a hotel. It was leased to Ernest Beard after the Second World War and was then lived in by Enid Bagnold's daughter Laurian d'Harcourt until it was sold in 1975. The Rottingdean Preservation Society (now called Rottingdean Heritage) bought most of the grounds of The Elms to protect them from development, so creating the Kipling Gardens in 1986.

The Grange
Originally built as a vicarage and extended by the vicar Thomas Hooker in the early 19th century as a school, the house was purchased by the artist Sir William Nicholson who renamed it The Grange when he lived there before WW1. In the 1920s, Lutyens restored the property for London solicitor Sir George Lewis, with Gertrude Jeckyll influencing the garden design. Developer Charles Neville occupied it for some time. It now houses an Art Gallery and Museum which are managed by Rottingdean Heritage volunteers, as well as the local library and Tourist Information Hub which are the responsibility of Brighton and Hove Council.

North End House, Aubrey Cottage and Gothic House
These three properties on The Green were the inspiration for Angela Thirkell's autobiographical Three Houses (1931). North End House was originally Prospect House, purchased by Sir Edward Burne-Jones in 1880. He then acquired Aubrey Cottage next door and combined the two properties. The writer Enid Bagnold bought the property with her husband Sir Roderick Jones in 1923 and extended into the adjoining Gothic House. The three houses are now separate dwellings once again.

St Margaret's Church
The present church stands on the site of an Anglo-Saxon building, reconstructed at frequent intervals especially during the period c.1000–1400. Substantial rebuilding occurred in 1856 to the designs of Sir George Gilbert Scott. St Margaret's church Rottingdean features stained glass windows built by William Morris from the designs of the artist Sir Edward Burne-Jones. An almost exact replica of the church was constructed at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California in 1941.

Tallboys
A high, narrow building on the High Street. It was built in 1780 and served as the customs house.

Tudor Close
Converted from two former barns and a cowshed of Court Farm in the 1920s. The seven original houses did not sell well and were converted into the fashionable Tudor Close Hotel, which in the 1930s played host to many celebrities of the day. In the 1950s it was converted yet again into residential property. The only claim to authenticity for these mock-Tudor structures is the possible age of some of the beams.

Windmill
Rottingdean is known for the black wooden windmill erected on Beacon Hill to the west of the village in 1802. The painter William Nicholson made a woodcut that was used as the logo of the publisher William Heinemann; this is often said to have been inspired by Rottingdean mill, although the mill on the logo is very different in appearance. The mill ceased to function in 1881 and has required regular restoration ever since, a task now undertaken by the Rottingdean Preservation Society. The mill is a Grade 2 listed landmark.

Whipping Post House
Originally a sixteenth-century cottage, its grounds were the site of the village stocks and whipping post. It was once the home of Captain Dunk, village butcher by day and smuggler by night. Part of the building continued to serve as a butcher's shop in later years under William Hilder.

Rottingdean School
The vicar Dr Thomas Hooker founded a private school in the vicarage in the early 19th Century. He expanded his classes to an annexe in the High Street. From 1863 a Mr Hewitt ran Field House School on the High Street site; there Ralph Vaughan Williams and the later Earl Jellicoe were educated. The school took the name Rottingdean School in 1887 and seven years later moved to new buildings in the north of the village by the Falmer Road on land that had belonged to Steyning Beard. The vacant building on the High Street became (under a different proprietor) St Aubyns Preparatory School.

J.E Maxwell-Hyslop MA, Balliol College, Oxford, and England Rugby International was the Headmaster of Rottingdean School pre- and postwar. He scored his first try against Ireland in his debut match in 1922. Alumni include the linguist Maurice Pope, the author and broadcaster Robert Kee and Sir Ian Jacob, Director General of the BBC. The school buildings were demolished in 1964 with much of the site developed as residential properties called The Rotyngs. Today, only the war memorial and playing fields remain.

Village School
Dr Thomas Hooker also started a school for the village children some time before 1818. In the 1840s a Lewes banker, George Molineux, let a house near the coast at Rottingdean for use as a National School. The school was funded from voluntary subscriptions and the payment of a fee of 1d. per week for each pupil. In 1859, Lord Abergavenny and James Ingram donated a piece of land for the construction of a purpose-built schoolroom at the bottom of Neville Road, opening in 1860. In 1874 a separate infants school was built on the opposite side of the road. By 1953, the school had become Rottingdean Church of England Primary School and new school buildings were opened in Whiteway Lane. However, the new building could only accommodate 160 of the 221 children enrolled, so the Neville Road building continued in use until extra classrooms were constructed on the new site in 1957 and 1961. In 1986 a serious fire caused major disruption, with the rebuilding taking until 1988.

Our Lady of Lourdes School
The Roman Catholic school opened in 1969, initially for children aged 5 to 7. The school was extended to cater for children up to age 11 in 1989.

Longhill School
Longhill School opened in 1963 as a Secondary Modern school. Although geographically within Rottingdean's boundaries it initially drew most of its intake from Woodingdean. It became a Comprehensive school in 1975. By 1992 it was attracting so many pupils – from as far afield as Newhaven and Brighton – that it was substantially extended.

St Aubyns
St Aubyns was a boys' preparatory school, founded in 1895. Amongst the pupils were Wilfred Ewart, tutored privately after St Aubyns rather than going to Eton. During the First World War he served as a subaltern in the Scots Guards and wrote one of the most iconic novels of the war 'Way of Revelation'. Rudyard Kipling’s son, John, also attended St Aubyns. The school was privately owned, usually by the head master, until 1969, after which it was owned and operated by an independent charitable trust. St Aubyns closed in 2013.

Roedean School
Roedean School is an independent day and boarding school for girls. In 1879 it moved to its present site on the cliff-top west of Rottingdean. At the time, the land was part of Rottingdean parish and was purchased from the Marquess of Abergavenny.

Notable residents

 * Edward Burne-Jones, Pre-Raphaelite artist
 * Katharine Goodson, English pianist
 * Rudyard Kipling, writer
 * William Nicholson, artist
 * Enid Bagnold, writer
 * Wilfred Ewart, journalist and writer (Attended St.Aubyn's School)
 * William Watson, poet
 * Angela Thirkell, writer
 * Fred Perry, tennis player
 * Elvi Rhodes, writer
 * Michael Fabricant, Member of Parliament for Lichfield
 * John Volanthen, cave diver

Most of these well-known people were not local, and had settled in or retired to Rottingdean. The village also had home-grown talent of significance, notably the Copper Family who maintained a long tradition of English folk song, performing for the collector Kate Lee as early as 1892. Its best-known member was Bob Copper (1915–2004), also known as a writer. The Rottingdean Preservation Society recognised their importance in the village and erected a plaque in 2010 at 1 Challoner's Cottages, partly funded from its own resources but complemented by a donation from the English Folk Dance and Song Society.

World War I veteran Henry Allingham was a resident of St Dunstan's. Allingham was the oldest man in the world and the last founder member of the RAF when he died aged 113 in July 2009.

Sport
Rottingdean Cricket Club was founded in 1758. The original cricket pitch was at Balsdean, moving to Beacon Hill in the early 19th century but is now situated on the Falmer Road. The 1st team play in the Sussex County League, Division 3, and is currently captained by Jack Cox.

Popular culture
The board game Cluedo, launched in 1949, had its origins in Rottingdean. Travelling entertainers Anthony and Elva Pratt hosted murder mystery games at the Tudor Close Hotel in Rottingdean, played out by guests and local actors. Called Murder at Tudor Close, they took the idea to Waddingtons, who marketed it as Cluedo.

Victorian Rottingdean is the setting for the mystery novel Death at Rottingdean. Rottingdean plays an important role in the final act of C. J. Sansom's alternate history novel Dominion. A shop in Rottingdean was the inspiration for the Local Shop in the comedy series The League of Gentlemen.

General references

 * Carder, Tim (1991) The encyclopaedia of Brighton. Lewes: East Sussex County Council (1991).
 * Coates, Richard (2010) A history of Rottingdean and Ovingdean through their place-names. Nottingham: English Place-Name Society.
 * Copper, Bob (1976) Early to rise. London: Heinemann (1976).
 * Heater, Derek (1993) The remarkable history of Rottingdean. Brighton: Dyke Publications.
 * Rottingdean Preservation Society annual reports and unpublished archives.
 * Green, Howard (1973) Guide to the Battlefields of Britain & Ireland London: Constable and Company, Ltd

title: Rottingdean


text: Category:Communications in Sri Lanka

title: Category:Communications in Sri Lanka


text:
User:Guyalsfere/Uniface programming language

Uniface is a 4GL programming language distributed and developed by Compuware.

With Uniface, one can develop applications with a SOA (Service Oriented Architecture (also known as 'Component Based Development')) in a MDA (Model Driven Architecture) way. Uniface has been around since the early 1990s.

It stores model information and code into a repository, with which one can create forms, reports, services, session services and entity services. Each component written derives its metadata from the repository (including keys, relations, table layout, field layout, etc.). By drawing entities within entities on a component, Uniface automatically takes care of foreign key transport and retrieval of 1 to many relations. This way, a so-called 'fast form' can be written in minutes.

Using templates for components and fields, one can write new programs rapidly by inheriting the code from the model and template. Changes in the model and on the templates are automatically transported to the components that use them.

The database abstraction layer in Uniface makes many different databases transparent to the developer. Field types in Uniface are automatically mapped to the right ones in the Database.

The represention layer is designed to be platform independent, which means that one can develop on a main platform and execute on many other platforms.

The Universal Request Broker of Uniface is capable of dealing with many current protocols, including CORBA, Tuxedo, and call-in and -out for many languages and protocols (ActiveX, .NET, C(++), Java, COBOL, RPG, etc.). Reuse of legacy code is one of the strong points of Uniface.

The URouter/UServer principal of Uniface makes it scalable, balanceable and gives one the ability to run processes asynchronically. UServer is a server with 3 modes:

 * File Server.
 * Application Server.
 * Database Server.

Uniface is highly configurable and can seamlessly adapt to many platforms. Runtime versions are available for Windows, Unix, Linux, VMS, etc.

External link

 * Compuware


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SEF Torres 1903

Torres is an Italian football club based in the city of Sassari. It plays in Serie C, the third division of the Italian football league system.

Re-founded in 2017, the club is the continuation of the Società per l'Educazione Fisica Torres, born in 1903 and reconstituted thrice throughout its history. Together with Ilvamaddalena, it is the oldest football club in Sardinia.

The highest division it took part in was the third tier. It played thirty seasons, making Sassari the most populous city in Italy that has never had a team in Serie B. Its best result in the third tier is the third place, while it has won Serie C2 twice, in 1986-1987 and 1999–2000.

The club colours are red and blue. It plays its home matches at the Stadio Vanni Sanna.

Beginnings
Torres was founded on 19 April 1903 as Società per l'Educazione Fisica Torres (Torres Physical Education Society) and starts its sporting activity the 1 July. On 20 September 1903, the Torres players made their public debut with a gymnastic recital held in the Verdi Theatre in Sassari. The club soon distinguished itself as one of the most active at the regional level in various disciplines, achieving outstanding results even at a national level. The first away game played by Torres dates back to 19 April 1908 when the rossoblù faced in Ajaccio the local team, a game played in Piazza Diamante. As for football, after eight years of amateur activity, a special section was founded in 1911. Torres won the first edition of the Sardinian football championships the same year. In addition to Torres, two other teams from Sassari, Iosto and Club Sportivo, and one from Cagliari, Amsicora, participated in the championship. At La Maddalena, in the summer of 1912, Torres won the Coppa Città della Maddalena, first beating Ilva 7-0 and, in the final, the Marina 3–1. The inter-war period was a phase of little sporting activity, which resumed with more continuity in the 1920s.

The 1920s and 1930s: First local derbies and the first promotion
On 8 September 1920, Sardinia's two leading clubs played in Cagliari at the Stallaggio Meloni. Surprisingly, Cagliari won 5–2. On 27 May 1922, in the presence of Prince Umberto di Savoia, the Stadio Acquedotto, still the stadium of Torres, was inaugurated. On 4 November 1924, another historic derby was played for the first time, that between Torres and the then Terranovese to celebrate the 21st anniversary of Torres. The Sassaresi won 2-1 The game between Olbia and Torres, known as the Derby del Nord Sardegna, is the most played derby on the island, with more than 100 matches. It is a fierce rivalry between both fans. After the first few years of friendly activity, they entered the Terza Divisione in 1927–1928, finishing runners-up behind Cagliari and ahead of Monteponi Iglesias and Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista of Cagliari.

In the 1930–1931 season, participated in a regional championship (with the Lazio Regional Directorate because the Sardinian one could not organise it), resulting in a promotion to the Prima Divisione (the third tier at the time). In the 1931-1932 championship, the Sassaresi, led by the Hungarian Ferenc Plemich, came close to promotion to Serie B.

The following season was less positive, finishing second to last and relegated, but still being readmitted to the third tier. In 1934-35 it finished mid-table but renounced to play the next championship and played friendly matches until 1939. In 1939-40 they finished fifth in the Sardinian First Division, which corresponded to the fourth national level.

Post Second World War period
In the first part of the 1940s, Torres played in the Sardinian First Division without great results; the best position was third place in 1942–43. Due to the war, the championships were suspended the following year until 1944–45. In 1946–47, despite finishing fourth, the club was admitted to Serie C. A friendly against Juventus was played to celebrate this event on 5 June 1947 at the Stadio Acquedotto, with Juventus winning 3–1. The following season, however, the team was relegated back to the First Division, almost missing out on promotion in 1949–50. They won the group A but finished only third in the final round.

In 1950-51 Torres won the Sardinian First Division and entered the newly formed fourth division. It remained until 1958-59 when it won the championship and was promoted to the Serie C. In the third national division, it disputes mid-table championships but was awarded the CONI Stella d'oro al merito sportivo (Golden Star for sporting merit). It was relegated again in 1970–71 to Serie D but returned to the third division in 1971–72. It was relegated again in 1974–75. In 1980-81 they won another Serie D championship, being promoted to the newly formed Serie C2, corresponding to the fourth level. In 1982 it changed its name to Torres Calcio s.r.l. Dragged along by the experience of Mario Piga, back in the red and blue after a brilliant career at the highest level, and the rising star Gianfranco Zola, in 1986–87, the club, coached by Lamberto Leonardi, won the championship and gained promotion to Serie C1. This was the standard formation: Pinna, Tamponi, Poggi, Petrella, Cariola, Del Favero, Tolu, Zola, Galli, Piga, Ennis. At the end of the following season, they finished ahead of rivals Cagliari. At the same time, in the 1988–1989 season, Torres reached the fourth-place finish just a step away from Serie B, behind rivals Cagliari (winners of the tournament), Foggia and Palermo.

The first bankruptcy and the rebirth
In 1990–1991, following relegation on the field to Serie C2, came exclusion for financial defaults. In the 1991–1992 season, the club entered the interregional championship. Under the presidency of Corrado Sanna, Torres finished 5th and won the Coppa Italia Dilettanti (interregional phase). In the summer of 1992, the club was re-founded, retaining the sporting title and the interregional category but changing its name to Polisportiva Sassari Torres. In 1992-1993 Torres, taken over by the building entrepreneur Gianni Marrosu and coached by Giuseppe 'Eppe' Zolo, immediately achieved a return to the professional ranks, thanks to a 2–1 victory (goals by Antonio Podda and Renato Greco) in the play-off against L'Aquila, played at the Stadio Flaminio in Rome in front of over three thousand torresini fans.

After many Serie C2 championships and some unsuccessful attempts at corporate changeovers, in the 1999–2000 season, Torres was bought by a group of businessmen from Sassari, who entrusted the presidency to Leonardo Marras. The team, led again by Leonardi, regained promotion to Serie C1, thanks also to the goals of former Panionios Greek forward Theofilos Karasavvidīs, who scored 19 goals in 32 matches. In the 2000–2001 season in Serie C1, Torres had a good championship as newly promoted, placing 7th. Among the most important results, it is necessary to remember the 3–0 home victories against Catania and Palermo and 2–0 against Messina.

Initially excluded from the 2005-2006 championship, the club gained registration thanks to an order of the administrative judge and, led by Antonello Cuccureddu, managed to reach the playoffs for promotion to Serie B. On 16 May 2006, Torres was involuntarily involved in the Calciopoli investigation when telephone interceptions were published between the then Minister of the Interior, Beppe Pisanu and the Juventus manager Luciano Moggi. The team suffered the backlash, being defeated in the semifinals in the double-header by Grosseto, losing both games 1–0.

Exclusions in 2006 and 2008
The defeat was followed by exclusion from the championship due to the club's serious financial collapse because of debts accrued under the management of president Rinaldo Carta. In the 2006-2007 championship, with the new name of Sassari Torres 1903 and under the presidency of Sassari entrepreneur Antonio Mascia, the club obtained admission to Serie C2 in extremis, thanks to the Lodo Petrucci. The team, built in just a few weeks during the summer, struggled due to poor pre-season preparation and the club's inexperience. The tournament fell short of expectations, alternating good play and victories with discouraging results. In fact, in April, the coach Maurizio Costantini was exonerated. However, the team won salvation and avoided the play-outs. In the 2007–2008 season, still in the Serie C2 group A, under the guidance of Luciano Foschi, Torres played a first leg that ended at the top of the league table and with a record sequence of nine consecutive home victories. However, a crisis of results and an eight-point penalty for administrative irregularities during the failed Mascia management plunged the team into the play-out zone, but the team avoided relegation.

In the summer of 2008, the federal control bodies ordered the club's exclusion from Serie C2 again for financial reasons. The appeal to the Lazio Regional Administrative Court against this decision was rejected, as was the request to the Council of State on 27 August. Torres was condemned to exclusion from the professional championships and thus restarted from the Sardinian Promozione championship with a new club chaired by Leonardo Marras, former president in 1999 and patron of Torres Femminile. Former red-blue bomber Roberto Ennas has been chosen as a manager. Amarcord of the eighties, also in the club's name: Torres Calcio.

After winning the 2008-2009 Sardinian Promozione (second tier), under the direction of Roberto Ennas, Torres gained promotion to Eccellenza.

On 27 September 2010, the club exonerated the coach for the bad results at the beginning of the season. It appointed a new coach Angelino Fiori. On 17 January 2011, the club dismissed Fiori; Ennas returned to the team's bench the next day. On 27 February 2011, after the 3–1 defeat suffered in Tortolì, Ennas resigned from the post. The club was then assigned to Guglielmo Bacci, who finished runners-up in the standings and participated in the playoffs as the top seed. After winning the regional phase, they entered the national playoff phase. In the semi-final of the national stage of the playoffs for promotion to Serie D, Torres met the Umbrian club of Trestina, from which it was eliminated.

The following season was triumphant, winning all the titles with record numbers (28 wins out of 34 matches played, 12 consecutive victories, 28 consecutive results without losing, 17 wins out of 17 games played at home). On 25 January 2012 came the first trophy, the Sardinian Cup, with a 2–1 victory over Taloro Gavoi, defending champions of the 2011 trophy. On 18 March 2012, beating Calangianus 1–0, the Torres returned to Serie D mathematically four days in advance. Finally, on 20 May 2012, the rossoblù closed the season by winning the Sardinian Supercup, imposing 2–1 on Fonni.

During the following summer, the club was largely renewed with good elements from different clubs on the island. To the general surprise, it was at the top of the Serie D championship standings for almost the entire season. The team's top scorer is Giuseppe Meloni, a striker from Nuoro with experience in Lega Pro, who scores a total of 21 goals. On 28 April 2013, drawing 4–4 with Hyria Nola and Casertana losing to Torre Neapolis, he returned to the Second Division.

In June, President Lorenzoni denounced that registration for the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione was at risk, due to difficulties in obtaining the necessary bank guarantee, and subsequently resigned. A committee of fans announced Operation Fundraising whose guarantor was the lawyer Umberto Carboni from Sassari, who is in charge of collecting and guarding the money received. The operation was successful, and around €110,000 was raised in a week. On 27 June, Torres shares officially passed into the hands of Lazio entrepreneur Domenico Capitani. He became the new owner of the Sassari club. He is joined by the new Sardinian partner Antonio Filippo Salaris. The 2013-14 Lega Pro Seconda Divisione started disastrously. For this reason, and also due to the fans' protest, the club exonerated coach Salvo Fulvio D'Adderio. Lazio's Marco Cari replaced him. The team was completely renewed during the winter market and placed 12th, which still ensured participation in the play-outs. In the double-header against Forlì they won 1–0 in the first leg but lost 3–0 in the return match in Romagna. On 25 May 2014 Torres was relegated in Serie D, however, on 1 August 2014, the club was readmitted in the new Lega Pro.

In the 2014–2015 season the club incorporated A.S.D. Torres (the city's women's team), one of the most important Italian female clubs with 7 Scudetti, 8 Coppe Italia and 7 Italian Super Cups in its palmarès, before it was excluded from the championship for financial defaults, and reborn the following season with a separate entity from the men's team. In the Lega Pro Torres avoided relegation on the field with two days to go before the end of the championship. Still, on 29 August 2015 the FIGC's Corte d'Appello Federale relegated it to Serie D for sports offences.

In the 2015-16 Serie D Torres reached the play-offs. In the semifinals it draws 1–1 in extra time with Rieti. It enters the final by the best placement in the standings at the end of the league (3rd). On 29 May 2016, they lost at home 0–1 against Olbia in the play-off final for the repechage to Lega Pro.

In the 2016–2017 season, the financial situation was problematic. However, the entry of Salvatore Sechi in the club, with the new sports director Vittorio Tossi, completely renewed the team to try to save the category. Still, despite all the efforts, the Sassaresi relegated to the top regional division. Due to huge financial problems, the club was put into liquidation and went bankrupt. The club did not enter the Sardinia.

The fourth re-foundation and the ascent to Serie C
The new president Salvatore Sechi tried to relaunch the Sassari sporting legacy by taking the reins of the Tergu Plubium, a team of excellence born from the merger of the towns of Tergu and Ploaghe. In the presentation of the new club, the new logo was unveiled, identical to the previous one but with the wording Torres Calcio. Still, federal regulations prohibited the transfer of the sport's title due to the previous merger between the two teams from the province of Sassari and the sporting offences of the old S.E.F. Torres. The legacy of S.E.F. is therefore continued by Sechi with the former Tergu Plubium, even though that club does not possess the sporting title of the predecessor Torres club. On 2 August 2017 came the confirmation of the change of name of the A.S.D. F.C. Tergu Plubium to A.S.D. Torres, with the consequent relocation of the playing field for home matches to the Stadio Vanni Sanna, with consequent dispensation from the FIGC as it is not located in the territory of the municipality of Tergu. Consequently, the club's social colours also changed from white-blue to Torresino red-blue. The new club finished third, followed by the victory in the regional playoffs with consequent admission to the national disputes for promotion to Serie D, which are won, ensuring the team promotion. The management Sechi provides stability but is fluctuating in terms of results: in the first season, the team avoided relegation only at the play-out in the derby with Castiadas, while the following year, after a good championship, interrupted only by the pandemic of COVID-19, it finished third. In 2020–2021, the team started among the favourites. Still, the performances are mediocre, and the team only manages to save the category at best.

The turning point came in the summer of 2021 when the Sardinian company Abinsula Srl bought the club. The new president became the former flagman of the 1990s, Stefano Udassi, who immediately set up a team to return to Serie C. The expectations are confirmed, and only Giugliano denies the conquest of direct promotion. Even in the Coppa Italia Dilettanti, the path was excellent. The victory faded only in the final loss in Genzano di Roma against Follonica Gavorrano. The third place in the championship guarantees participation in the play-off for the repechage list. After the semi-final with Arzachena, the red and blue, on 8 June 2022, beat Afragolese at home in the final, thus guaranteeing the second slot of the potential admitted in the third series. In this perspective, the extra-football corporate operations in July, such as the renovation of parts of the Stadio Vanni Sanna and the transformation from Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica to a limited liability company, thus changing its name to Torres Srl, had an impact. On 3 August 2022, following Campobasso and Teramo's exclusion for financial defaults from Serie C, the Sassaresi obtained the official repechage to Serie C, thus returning to the professional ranks after eight seasons of absence.

Name
The choice of the name Torres is due to one of the club's founders, Professor Berlinguer. Judicate of Logudoro or Torres was the medieval Sardinian Judicates in which Sassari was located in the north-western part of island. At the beginning of the 20th century, several Sardinian football clubs and sports associations chose names that recalled Sardinian history. It was due to a rediscovery of local identity that also took place through naming historical names.

Colours
The club's official colours are red and blue, following a survey by the founding members. They, looking for a gala suit, put three on display in a well-known city shop. What met with great success was a blue double-breasted jacket with red lapels.

The classic Torres uniform is the one commonly - but improperly - known as the red and blue quartered shirt: red on the right and blue on the left, with the sleeves, generally reversed, i.e. red on the left and blue on the right. On the left side, at heart, is the club's coat of arms, which for a long time was represented by a white shield with the heraldic coat of arms of the city of Sassari. Rarely this historical combination has undergone variations. In the 1977–1978 season, the two parts of the uniform were separated diagonally. In the 1980s, the uniform often had a single colour, red or blue, with trim in the opposite colour on the shoulders and above the heart. At the time, another jersey was also used, with red and blue vertical stripes. Particularly the uniform used in the 1997-1998 Serie C2, blue with a red vertical stripe running through the centre of the shirt, edged in white. This uniform is reminiscent of the classic combination of the French club Paris Saint-Germain. The classic second uniform is white with red-blue trim. Players have also worn white uniforms with a red-blue diagonal or horizontal stripe over the years.

Coat of arms
The club's emblem adopted by the club since the 1950s (and since then only modified from a graphic point of view, but never in substance) faithfully follows the heraldic coat of arms of the city of Sassari: a red and blue quartered shield, with a white tower drawn in the red quarters and an equally white cross in the blue ones.

Leagues

 * Serie C1 (Tier 3):
 * Bronze medal icon.svg Third-place (1): 2005-06 Group B
 * IV Serie / Serie C2 / Serie D (Tier 4):
 * Gold medal icon.svg Winners (4): 1956-57 Group F, 1971-72 Group F , 1986-87 Group A , 1999-00 Group B
 * Silver medal icon.svg Runners-up (3): 1954-55 Group F, 2015-16 Group G , 2019-20 Group G
 * Bronze medal icon.svg Third-place (1): 1982-83 Group A
 * Serie D (Tier 5):
 * Gold medal icon.svg Winners (3): 1980-81 Group D, 1992-93 Group F , 2012–13 Group G

Cups

 * Coppa Cossu-Mariotti:
 * Gold medal icon.svg Winners (1): 1976–77, 1977–78
 * Coppa Italia Dilettanti (interregional phase):
 * Gold medal icon.svg Winners (1): 1991–92
 * Coppa Italia Serie D:
 * Silver medal icon.svg Runners-up (1): 2021–22

Leagues

 * Prima Divisione / Eccellenza (Tier 1):
 * Gold medal icon.svg Winners (3): 1949–50, 1950–51, 2011–12
 * Silver medal icon.svg Runners-up (1): 2010–11
 * Bronze medal icon.svg Third-place (2): 1951-52 Group I, 2017–18
 * Promozione (Tier 2):
 * Gold medal icon.svg Winners (1): 2008-09 Group B

Cups

 * Sardinian Cup:
 * Gold medal icon.svg Winners (1): 2011–12
 * Sardinian Supercup:
 * Gold medal icon.svg Winners (1): 2011–12

Friedlies trophies

 * Campionati sardi di foot-ball:
 * Gold medal icon.svg Winners (1): 1911
 * Coppa Città de La Maddalena:
 * Gold medal icon.svg Winners (1): 1912

Individual Player & Coach awards

 * Top Scorer
 * Theofilos Karasavvidis Serie C1:1999-00 (19 gol)

League and cup history

 * {|class="wikitable"

! Season ! Div. ! Pos. ! Pl. ! W ! D ! L ! GS ! GA ! P !Domestic Cup !colspan=2|Other !Notes
 * -bgcolor="#efefef"
 * -bgcolor=PowderBlue
 * align=center|2018–19
 * align=center|Serie D
 * align=center|15/20
 * align=center|38
 * align=center|12
 * align=center|4
 * align=center|22
 * align=center|35
 * align=center|59
 * align=center|40
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * -bgcolor=PowderBlue
 * align=center|2019–20
 * align=center|Serie D
 * align=center|3/18
 * align=center|26
 * align=center|14
 * align=center|9
 * align=center|3
 * align=center|44
 * align=center|25
 * align=center|51
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * -bgcolor=PowderBlue
 * align=center|2020–21
 * align=center|Serie D
 * align=center|15/20
 * align=center|34
 * align=center|8
 * align=center|10
 * align=center|16
 * align=center|31
 * align=center|48
 * align=center|34
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * -bgcolor=PowderBlue
 * align=center|2021–22
 * align=center|Serie D
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * style="text-align:center; background:silver"|Finalist
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * align=center|
 * }

Women's team
The women's team Torres Calcio Femminile has won six Serie A titles and eight Italian Women's Cups.

title: SEF Torres 1903


text:
Battle of Thyatira

The Battle of Thyatira was fought in 366 at Thyatira, Lydia (modern Turkey), between the army of the Roman Emperor Valens and the army of the usurper Procopius, led by his general Gomoarius.

Background
After the death of the emperor Julian in his campaign against Persia in 363, his distant relative Procopius was the last surviving descendant of Constantine I. This link to the revered Constantinian dynasty made Procopius dangerous as a potential usurper, but the emperor Jovian allowed him to retire peacefully to his estates in Cappadocia. Jovian's successor Valens was less trusting, and tried to have Procopius killed. Procopius escaped from the imperial executioners and spent an interval hiding in the Tauric Chersonese. In 365, while Valens was absent from Constantinople, Procopius emerged from exile, seizing control of the capital city and the adjoining provinces of Thrace and Bithynia. His Constantinian heritage, and promises of money, won a strong force of imperial soldiers to his cause.

The battle
Valens reacted to the usurpation with despair, and the situation was saved by his generals, Salutius, Arintheus and Arbitio. An army intended for campaigns in the east was redirected against Procopius, who confronted it at Thyatira. Valens's officers spoke to the rebellious soldiers, many of whom they had commanded in prior wars, and encouraged them to rejoin the legitimate emperor. Procopius lost the battle after a large part of his army defected to Valens; a subsequent action at Nacolia ended in a similar manner, and Procopius was captured and killed.

title: Battle of Thyatira


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sandhills Publishing Company

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep (2 keep, 1 delete) Wikibofh 00:11, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Sandhills Publishing Company
Page is mostly cut-and-paste from their website; the bits that aren't (mainly at beginning) aren't comprehensible enough to be edited into something useful. I would have cut the plagiarised/copied stuff and made this a stub. However, I'm not convinced that there's enough of note about this publisher to warrant inclusion as a stub. Fourohfour 14:14, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Footnote: User:211.245.243.189 (contributor) and User:Mirmo! (originator) are almost certainly the same person. Fourohfour 15:05, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment. I carried out a major cleanup involving removing all of the copyvio text and the "See also" section which consisted entirely of redlinks. I also dispute the assertion that "Sandhills Publishing Company is the most visited website on the Internet today". I don't have enough interest to verify notability, so no opinion on the AfD. --GraemeL (talk) 17:36, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, company seems notable enough but GraemeL was too kind in his editing and I used a somewhat larger axe. -- DS1953 05:00, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep; this is a very well-known publishing company with major titles; I think the stub can be expanded back into a comprehensive article without resorting to copyvio. I'll put it on my list to look in on. MCB 22:10, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

211.245.243.189 has removed the AfD tags; I have reinstated them. It's hard to tell if this user is malicious, egotistical, incompetent, or just doesn't understand English very well, as they've never responded via talk pages. Fourohfour 10:53, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't believe Mirmo has a malicious intent, I think he keeps removing tags because he doesn't properly understand English. --ApolloBoy 04:29, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * No, I don't think Mirmo/211.245.243.189 is outright malicious either. However, I believe that he/she/it knows enough English to at least respond. If she is confident enough to make contributions to Wikipedia, she knows enough to respond. I don't expect perfect English. I DO expect them to try. Fourohfour 11:17, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Eejanaika

Ee ja nai ka was a complex of carnivalesque religious celebrations and communal activities, often understood as social/political protests, which occurred in many parts of Japan in 1867–1868.

Eejanaika or Eijanaika may refer to:
 * Eijanaika (film)
 * Eejanaika (roller coaster)
 * "Eijanaika" (song)

title: Eejanaika


text:
Talk:Hanso Foundation

untitled
Should there be some explicit discussion of marketing Hanso as a real organization with a life otuside of the show. There's discussion of the content and design of the web sites but not really of the aggressive commercial campaign and web site blitz as a marketing/cultural phenomenon.

Hanso Foundation Executives
Why was this section removed? It was not a copy/paste from the website. It contained relevant and difficult to find information.

Yeah, where is this infomration about Dr. Mittelwerk?

http://www.lostpedia.com/wiki/Thomas_Mittelwerk

—Preceding unsigned comment added by Bluerisk (talk • contribs) 09:21, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

thehansofoundation.org/khr.html
I would like to point everyone to the source code of this page, registerd by Disney. Specifically bits including a number cipher and commented html "LOL H4x0r3d!!1". If someone would look into the number code and possibly cracking that access password I believe it could provide great insights into the Hanso Foundation. Travis 05:28, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

 * sorry to disappoint, i think this is the mark of a hacker, namely this guy: Wowlookitsjoe 09:03, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * access password: "Copenhagen" file revealed: images/ltr_gho.gif 198.151.13.8 14:56, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

Ownership

 * Can anyone confirm that this is actually an official site? Only, a quick check of the DNS info reveals that it was registered from an address in copenhagen with a fake phone number (speficially, one comprised entirely of 9s) by someone using a hotmail address. A network would most probably register the site in their own name, not "hanso foundation" for both name and organisation. Also, in my experience, most corporate-registered websites don't withhold the registrants email address (usually they're something like webmaster@). I realise that every source on Lost lists this as official, but given the DNS info i'm not so sure. Here's the DNS Info: http://www.dnsstuff.com/tools/whois.ch?ip=www.thehansofoundation.org --Ant991 23:54, 2 May 2006 (UTC)
 * look here: http://domain-history.domaintools.com/?page=details&domain=thehansofoundation.org&vol=3&date=2005-12-30 --unsigned.
 * Which is a paysite.. right. Does anyone have a mirror or anything? --Shadowcode 19:31, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

Merge Alvar Hanso into this article
Merge. I think we should merge all this into The Hanso Foundation. We don't need a whole article for a fictional guy the only thing about whom we know is that he founded a fictional foundation. Phoenix-forgotten 05:11, 27 November 2005 (UTC)

Merge. I agree. The only things we know about him comes from the fake instruction movie. Merge the content into The Hanso Foundation, and redirect to that page. abelson 09:24, 27 November 2005 (UTC)

Merge and redirect. There's simply not enough about Alvar Hanso in the show to merit his own separate page, now and, possibly forever (depending on where the show takes us). Baryonyx 06:21, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Merge. The combined article would not be overly large; see the Dr. Candle section in Dharma Initiative for a corollary. Radagast 19:53, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

Bigspaceship1.com
http://bigspaceship1.com is a red herring. The following two links are for pages that track number stations: http://www.spynumbers.com/WBNY.html http://www.cvni.net/radio/nsnl/nsnl053/nsnl53vs.html Both talk about a message broadcast occasionally in the Eastern US; the same message is repeated, at times, on the bigspaceship1.com site. If you look at the transcription of the number cipher (which is as easy as a newspaper jumble puzzle), you get different messages, of which one mentions the "FRN" and the other someone named "Al Fansome". If you google "Al Fansome," results include a page from http://www.frn.net, which is a site for pirate radio enthusiasts; someone with the username "Al Fansome" posts in the forum regularly, often referencing a rodent uprising (again, mentioned in the message broadcast on the same frequency as above and played on bigspaceship1.com) and spars in the forum with a "Commander Bunny." If you need further proof that this can't be in any way connected with the show, ABC, or Disney, view this entry from Fansome on the forum: http://www.frn.net/vines/Forum1/HTML/001753.html. It references a .wmv file on another server, http://rjdudley.com/media/squirrel_launcher.wmv, which would land any corporate entity at all responsible, no matter how cirumscribed the route, in serious hot water with the SPCA and other animal welfare groups, not to mention several state and/or federal statutes. This is a radio pirate/hacker, who may or may not have had access to the Hanso Foundation site as a designer (or simply hacked the https protocol), having fun with Lost fans. http://bigspaceship1.com is registered to an individual rather than a company. Jodaboyo 14:21, 14 October 2005 (UTC) 213.41.132.65 08:50, 14 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Incidental note: The HTTPS trick doesn't work anymore - if it ever did (I never tried it before). Going into secure mode just puts you back on the Hanso site. -Litefantastic 14:06, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Original Research
Woa-- rampant Original Research here. Someone get some big scissors to this article. LeFlyman 06:44, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Ok, before it continued to spiral out of control, I've excised the excessive OR that had no resemblance to encyclopedic information about the television series Lost. Those interested in reviewing the deletion can view it in the The Hanso Foundation/Original Research Archive archival subpage. LeFlyman 21:32, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your insight. Could you explain why this is considered OR? Nashville 01:06, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

"Original Research" is any information generated by an editor that is not drawn from another source, such as a print or media publication/broadcast -- there is nothing in the television series Lost or in any verifiable news sources that refers to any of the information presented in the excised sections. All of the material was gathered from a single Web site, which does not qualify under the "Verifiability" policy.

In particular, from the "Verifiability, not truth" section of the policy: "Articles in Wikipedia should refer to facts, assertions, theories, ideas, claims, opinions, and arguments that have been published by a reputable or credible publisher. The threshold for inclusion is verifiability, not truth." -LeFlyman 14:12, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

I'm not sure I understand how the information that was archived is any different than the information on the "official" Hanso Foundation page. Both pages were referenced and verifiable by viewing the remote sites. After reading the Original Research link and although bigspaceship1.com turned out not to be Lost related, I don't understand how this was original research whereas the information still posted for the Hanso Foundation isn't. Had this actually been Lost related and part of the "game", would it have been handled differently? —204.74.161.2 11:22, 18 October 2005

The Whois records for thehansofoundation.org show it to be an ABC-owned site-- a source connected to the Lost series-- while the record for bigspaceship1.com shows registration to an individual, Matthew Bardram, in Emeryville, California. Thus, it can be argued that the "Hanso Foundation" website info is an extension of the television show-- albeit, likely created by the marketing, rather than creative department-- "bigspaceship1.com" does not have any such connection, and appears to be purely fan-created. Any attempt to connect the site with the TV series would be Original Research, because there is no link, reference or media source which ties the two. Like the "Genetic Mirror Theory", this appears to be a fan-generated hoax. It does not qualify for inclusion in an article, as it has no valid source for Verifiability. The article would be on surer footing if it were to separate the information that was derived from the "Hanso Foundation" Web site versus that which was drawn from the TV series itself.

 * There's a Boston Globe article out there that talks about how a company called 42 Entertainment was behind the Alias ARG. It's based in Emeryville, CA, so it's highly possible that they're running BS1.

 * The Emeryville connection is that the PO Box is most likely owned by Melbourne IT, which has offices in Emeryville. A number of different websites use this PO box as their address;  all are connected to myprivateregistration.com, a registry service offered by Melbourne IT.  Melbourne and 42 Entertainment are only two of many IT-related firms in Emeryville, including some large ones such Pixar and LeapFrog. 23:29, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

Also, even if an anonymous IP editor, please remember to sign your comments with a " ~ "; this helps readers later be able to differentiate between commenters. —LeFlyman 19:24, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

"Thus, it can be argued that the "Hanso Foundation" website info is an extension of the television show". With respect, that is purely an assumption on your part. What is to stop ABC from registering the domain under another name? "...this appears to be a fan-generated hoax". Another conclusion on your part, with no real evidence. Could your major edit a few days ago be wrong? Cheers, and thanks for the time an attention you have put into this and your other posts\edits\articles here. - Nashville

 * Thanks for the kind words. As noted before, it's "verifiable" that the "thehansofoundation.org" domain is registered by ABC-- that is not an assumption. Thus, the material there is produced/approved through some agency of the broadcaster. The sentence beginning with, "It can be argued..." is likewise not an assumption, but a rhetorical statement. I'm not suggesting one way or another for inclusion of "official" Web site information, and have in the past argued for removing non-canonical materials derived from ancillary Web sources, such as those created by the writers' assistants for the Lost "Diary" on ABC.com.

 * Neither "Bigspaceship1.com" nor "Bigspaceship1.org" are registered by the companies behind the show; that's also not an assumption, but fact. As to the question of "What is to stop ABC from registering the domain under another name?" The registrar's "Terms of Service" as required by ICANN is what stops them. Falsifying registration data is a sure way to get into hot water with a registrar and lose a domain. See, for particulars: http://www.icann.org/registrars/ra-agreement-17may01.htm#3.7.7

 * Disney/ABC isn't going to bother to disguise a domain registration under a false personal name just to entertain the conspiracy theories of Internet fans. - LeFlyman 08:52, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * "The registrar's "Terms of Service" as required by ICANN is what stops them". Excellent point. Thanks.

 * On another point, would it be wrong to have a link to the Original Research Archive on the Hanso page? Nashville

If one downloads the Lost screensavers available through www.oceanicflight815.com, the software is licensed Big Spacehip. According to the archived atricle this information was not mentioned.

Sorry, but wtf is that? http://babel-research.eu/?about=research_bsp —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.239.187.196 (talk) 15:25, 25 April 2009 (UTC)

More Original Research
Clipped out of trivia -- it's pure speculative musing, more appropriate to a fan site than here:

 * Perhaps totally trivial, but the name Hanso strangely resembles Han Solo of Star Wars, as well as the Eugenics section, named Juxtapositional Eugenics Development Institute has the acronym JEDI.

LeFlyman 09:44, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Still pretty neat, though. And there have been other Star Wars references in the show. -Litefantastic 02:56, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

 * There are two scientists that the name is merged from, I'll see if I can find them. --Rroepke 03:01, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I have more about Han Solo, which I added to the trivia section. RSimione 07:55, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I see it has been removed. "The Hanso Foundation is on the show Lost. Lost & Found go together. So if you switch Lost for Found, you have the Hanso Lostation, or Han Solo Station." was the text. Why was this removed from trivia? It is not speculative, it is self explanatory. And it doesn't reference outside sources, it is entirely self-contained.RSimione

Question about copyright
Are we allowed to upload images from the Hanso foundation site in order to embed them into the article? I would like to add the faxes sent to HF from the GHO, but not sure what the situation is with ABC's copyright. --morphax 03:43, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Wouldn't it be possible to just say what is in the faxes? Do we need the images? -Willmcw 04:46, 1 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree. I think it'd be helpful to at least quote what is in the faxes, or provide a link to somewhere they're permanently posted.  Right now, you can't access any of them on the THF site.--TsuKata 03:58, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Letters
I don't know if it's just my computer, but I can't view any of the letters that were added to the site at the end of last year. Has anyone else had this problem? Jon Hart 03:38, 23 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Looks like all that is gone; and should likewise be removed from the article. --LeFlyman 05:00, 23 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Disagree. The Wiki page could instead include a note that these letters are no longer available on the site.  It should still maintain the history that they existed.--TsuKata 04:00, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, without any Verifiable source for the material, such info should not be on Wikipedia; otherwise, it is Original Research. Just because it was in this article previously doesn't mean it has any reason to remain. Wikipedia is not a fan site dumping ground.—LeFlyman 17:35, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

 * "that have already been published by reputable publishers." Thus fits with wikipedia's policy, so what's the issue? --81.108.0.100 03:10, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The problem is that the content does not exist any longer, and thus is not verifiable. As for whether it was "published by reputable publishers" that may also be disputable. — LeflymanTalk 04:05, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

Quotes and External Links
Since there is only one quote and one external link, shouldn't these sections be titled "Quote" and "External Link" instead? Or should we leave them the way they are in the spirit that we may someday find another quote or external link? --Kahlfin 19:48, 6 February 2006 (UTC)
 * The MoS, last time I looked, asks for the plural form, regardless of number, but some users disagree with that. IMO it should be plural; people are often lazy in adding links and don't update the header, and thus makes the section look doubly silly in that it has singular with a plural number of links. Coincidentally, www.thehansofoundation.org link is dead or something. Is there a mirror?Dysprosia 05:27, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

What is The Hanso Foundation?
What is The Hanso Foundation, really? The only thing actually mentioned on the show is: "Danish industrialist and munitions magnate Alvar Hanso whose financial backing made [DeGroots'] dream of a multi-purpose social science research facility a reality."

No mention of a "Hanso Foundation", nor about "creating a brighter future for all humanity". All information about this "foundation" comes from various web sites affiliated with the network. While the contents of such sites may be entertaining to fans searching for clues, wikipedia should try to stick to what is said on the actual show, because all else can prove to have been a red herring. If this information is provided anyway, it should be clearly noted that it does not come from the show itself.

I propose to resurrect an "Alvar Hanso" article and fill it with information about Alvar Hanso, as presented on the show. When and if a "Foundation" is presented on the show, it can be added. 83.131.73.21 10:34, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

 * You may be onto something. Most of the content appears to be based solely on the hansofoundation.org web site, which seems to have gone down; hence, without source-material, it's likely that this would fail the requirement for Verifiability. While obviously an ABC-related production, the only direct connection between the site and the show was a quoted line by "Mr. Friendly." If the site does not return, I'd suggest we're stuck with a definite quandary about what to do with this article-- perhaps the verifiable material it should be merged into The Dharma Initiative. — LeflymanTalk 21:22, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Leflyman, you can cite websites that no longer exist. Verifiability does not have to be convenient, citations can come from difficult to obtain sources, and you are permitted to link to non-authoritive mirror copies of an authoritive website for the sake of making it more convenient to verify, just as you are allowed to link to scanned web copies of difficult to obtain reference books or court documents. You should read W:CITE on this matter. Specifically, it says do not remove the inactive reference, but rather record the date that the original link was found to be inactive — even inactive, it still records the sources that were used, and it is possible hard copies of such references may exist, or alternatively that the page will turn up in the near future in the Internet Archive, which deliberately lags by six months or more. Note also that whilst many printed sources become outdated, scholars still routinely cite those works when referenced.
 * Additionally, you're missing the obvious link - the Orientation video explicitly said it was copyright "The Hanso Foundation". How do you think viewers found the website? Mr Friendly didn't even mention "The Hanso Foundation", he just quoted material on the website. 195.173.23.111 11:05, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

Mr. Friendly
Who is Mr. Friendly?
 * Mr. Friendly is one of the Others. Sawyer referred to him as Zeke at one point.  He had a rather long conversation with a few of the survivors.Coffeeboy 19:41, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

Did anyone else pick up on the fact that Mr Friendly quoted Hanso? - "Somebody a whole lot smarter than anybody here once said "Since the dawn of our species, Man has been blessed with curiosity". You know the other one about curiosity don't you Jack?" So I was wondering on the provenance of the quote... Wowlookitsjoe 03:05, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

accessing website
In Active Projects->Electromagnetism there is an easer egg or secret section - you have to give password to get to persephone.thehansofoundation.org does anyone else have problems accessing thehansofoundation.org? i'm using IE 6 (and 7 beta) and i haven't been able to go to the website for a long time. is the site down or is it just something wrong with my comp?

I have never been able to access it with Firefox (or any other for that matter) browser. Wowlookitsjoe 03:09, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Neither my IE nor my Firefox could ever connect to the site. However you can check the new site out: http://thedharmainitiative.org/ -which links to the video and a LOGIN page. Orientation video new link: http://thedharmainitiative.org/orientation Darth Kevinmhk 11:15, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

Apparent, TheHansoFoundation.org site is gone-- see comments above. Note that TheDharmaInitiative.org is not an ABC-sponsored site; it is a fan site, and therefore inappropriate to use as the basis of this article. Thus, I propose that this be mereged into Dharma Initiative-- LeflymanTalk 19:34, 15 March 2006 (UTC)
 * In the official podcast dated 3.28.06 the executive producers state that the site is being revamped and will be up by summer. Coffeeboy 16:29, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

UK Advert
there was an advert on in the uk for the hanso foundation, with a free-phone number 0800666640

a recording of a call to the number is here

Further to the anonymous addition above, I phoned the number that was broadcast on the advert after the E4 episode aired. All I got was a message saying that the line has had to be closed, and then directed me to the new website for more info. Dissonant Unity 00:37, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I phoned the number stated above just after the advert was broadcast in the middle of the E4 episode on 2/5/06. The number was engaged at the first two attempts and then on the third attempt I got through and had the option to press number 1, 2, etc for different options. I pressed number 1 for 'general information' and heard what sounded like nonsense, possibly from foreign languages. But yes I can confirm that calling the number now does just get through to a message saying line closed, etc. Joe 1987 00:46, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

Trouble accessing website
I've cleared my cache multiple times, reinstalled Macromedia Flash, restarted my computer, and refreshed multiple times, but nothing seems to work - I can't access the (new, May 2nd) Hanso Foundation website at all. I have an excellent internet connection and a fine computer, but I cannot access the website (I have the latest IE version, FYI). I keep getting the infamous "The page cannot be displayed" error message. Does any computer-savvy person have any idea why this would be happening? 69.47.142.95

Australian Freecall Number
I have a More in-depth series of recordings of the recent Australian version of the Hanso Foundation phone number (1800227717) here but I would prefer if it was hosted elsewhere. --Lemming2005 12:51, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Maybe you can upload it to wikimedia commons? (see at the bottom of the wikipedia main page). Joe 1987 17:11, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

persephone.thehansofoundation.org
The code on this site ("106 98 111 32 117 98 115 32 114 115 110 102 32 102 118 32 102 118 101 71 32 49 32 108 110 90 32 116 117 98 46 83 69 71 32 103 110 32 111 118 32 116 98 73") appears to be ASCII, given the repeated occurance of 32 (ASCII space character). Which means it says (unless I messed up the translation) "jbo ubs rsnf fv fveG 1 lnZ tub.SEG gn ov tbI". What does that mean? Who knows...

- rnicoll, 22:05 UTC, 5th May 2006

 * Well, if you reverse that and ROT13 it, you get "Vog ib at TRF.ohg May 1 Tris is safe foh bow", which could be "Got in at THF.org May 1 This is safe for now". But I digress. I think we should keep developments of the Lost Experience ARG on the Lost Experience page, and leave this page simply to document facts about the Hanso foundation, its members and the basics of its website, and an introduction of the ARG. I don't want to tell people what to write, but there's a lot of energy going into Lost pages and it would be nice to have it focused on writing new things into the right articles, rather than duplicating, cutting, moving, etc. things between articles. 86.141.208.51 22:48, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

The URL now only displays the number 2. --82.38.192.237 05:16, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

Vík, Iceland
The following sentence was added to the article Vík í Mýrdal (which is an Icelandic village):

Vik Is Also Supposedly A Research Center For The Fictional Hanso Foundation In The TV Series Lost.

I can't find any mentioning of that sort in this article so I removed it, put back if it is actually true. --Bjarki 15:39, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Ah under the "Mental Health Appeal" section of the website one can find a description of the VIK institute, the "flagship clinic". --Bjarki 15:56, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

subLYMONal.com
Could it be worth mentioning that when you enter the "wrong" code on the subLYMONal.com website, it gets the Wikipedia entry on the word? Jon Harald Søby 18:57, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

Merging sponsor sites
The list of sponsor sites on this page was, for all purposes, a duplicate of the more detailed info on Lost Experience. I've merged any extra info bits and kept a bare-bones list of the sites here. Arru 11:42, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Where did this information come from?
Maybe I missed something, but I've never heard of Tom (Mr. Friendly) referred to as "Mr. Temme." Phoenix Song 22:36, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Also, where did the following information come from? This doesn't sound very accurate. If it is, it needs to be rewritten, because it makes no sense. Here's what I'm talking about: ''He was the ingenious person that brought pestcontrol4u.com and the natural born (rodent) killer that we have all come to love. He was born a long long time ago in a land that was named "Prince Rock". Under great strain Vince managed to overcome his peers and create the force that surrounds him. At the end of his life Vince fought for what was wrong rather than what was right and his funeral was attended by thousands. In an Epitaph by someone that (maybe) knew Vince said "what a wanker". There in lies the person that is "a wanker"'' Phoenix Song 22:40, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Metafiction problem
There's a problem with using info from the Lost Experience in this article. According to Rachel, Lost (the TV show) exists within the Lost Experience and The Hanso foundation is fictionally represented on the TV show because the real Hanso Foundation paid ABC to include it in a positive light. This article explains what I'm saying a little better. --TorriTorriTalk to me! 02:18, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

Foundation
Has anyone thought about Asimov's Foundation Trilogy (as was - lots more now) with regard to its "charismatic founder, Hari Seldon"? The science of psychohistory, predicting future events by extrapolating from historic trends, has its origins here. Ultimately, Seldon and his team are exiled to Terminus, to work on The Encyclopaedia Galactica, which will contain the sum of all human knowledge. The Empire which exiles Seldon et al is described by him as having "lost all the virility it once has." The mayor of Terminus is Salvor Hardin. Any thoughts, anyone?--Irony29 18:36, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

A bit of trivia
The Hanso Foundation website contained information about an orangutan named Joop. In the Jules Verne novel "The Mysterious Island" Joop (short for Jupiter) was an orangutan adopted as a pet and mascot by the colonists/castaways. A hidden benefactor drove Joop's fellow orangutans from the castaway's cave home when the castaways had left to explore the island. A nice little nod to Mr Verne's work, especially considering some of the plot similarities. Bryanthebeachboy1970 14:50, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

Fictional foundation!
The article should clearly state that the Hanso Foundation is a fictional part of the LOST TV series, not a real foundation with real people standing behind it. The article should not sound like an article or "fansite" on the fictional character Hanso, rather a description of the fictional foundation and its part in LOST. What role does it actually play in LOST? What is special about it? Those questions make more sense to the reader than a discussion on its "official website", which is also part of fiction.

Hanso Foundation in Cloverfield?
I found this picture from the opening of Cloverfield. Look in the bottom right corner and you'll see the logo for the Hanso foundation. I thought someone could put it up on the page. Image: http://i17.photobucket.com/albums/b63/deja_vu_2828/cloverfieldlost.jpg Wieners (talk) 22:24, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Dharma initiative logo video.jpg
The image Image:Dharma initiative logo video.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

The following images also have this problem:

 * Image:Hanso-web.jpg

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --00:15, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

Alfred Nobel parallels
From reading this article, the Hanso Foundation and its founder remind me of real-life personality Alfred Nobel. Have any reliable sources also speculated this? If so, it would be good to mention it. Colin MacLaurin (talk) 06:49, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hanso Foundation


text:
Eugen-Keidel Tower

Eugen-Keidel Tower is a 31-metre-high observation tower location on the Schauinsland mountain near Freiburg, Germany. It was built in 1981. The Eugen-Keidel Tower has an extraordinary design with a triangular cross section.

title: Eugen-Keidel Tower


text:
User:D-bot

D-bot is an Australian male with an interest in motor racing, finance, law and Australian politics.

Articles to which he has made a significant contribution include:

Motor racing

 * Ron Tauranac
 * Colin Bond
 * Circuit de Monaco
 * Dick Johnson

Business & Finance

 * The Dividend Decision
 * One.Tel
 * Jodee Rich
 * Index investing
 * Macquarie Bank
 * List of controversial corporate officers

Law

 * Corporations Act 2001
 * Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory

Government & Politics

 * Division of Macquarie
 * Office of State Revenue (New South Wales)

Other

 * Mazda Miata
 * Smokey and the Bandit II
 * Dr Geoffrey Edelsten
 * Jennifer Keyte
 * Space Riders
 * Roger Rogerson

title: User:D-bot


text:
Doreen Knatchbull, Baroness Brabourne

Doreen Geraldine Knatchbull, Baroness Brabourne, (née Lady Doreen Geraldine Browne; 29 May 1896 – 28 August 1979) was an Anglo-Irish aristocrat and socialite. She died as a result of her injuries following an attack off the coast of County Sligo by the Provisional IRA targeting her son's father-in-law, Louis, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, in August 1979.

Family life
Doreen was born on 29 May 1896, the third child of George Ulick Browne and Agatha Stewart Hodgson (1867–1965), granddaughter of William Forsyth. On 30 December 1903, her grandfather, Lord Henry Ulick Browne, succeeded his elder brother as 5th Marquess of Sligo. Her father took the courtesy title Earl of Altamont and Doreen became Lady Doreen.

On 22 January 1919, she married the Hon. Michael Knatchbull-Hugessen a son and eventual successor of Cecil, 4th Baron Brabourne.

They had two sons:
 * Hon. Norton Cecil Michael Knatchbull, later 6th Baron Brabourne (1922–1943)
 * Hon. John Ulick Knatchbull, later 7th Baron Brabourne (1924–2005)

On 15 February 1933, her husband succeeded his father as 5th Baron Brabourne and Doreen became The Lady Brabourne. Her husband, Lord Brabourne, served as Governor of Bombay from 1933 until 1937, and then as Governor of Bengal from 1937 until his death.

She was appointed to the Order of the Crown of India on 5 November 1937.

The National Portrait Gallery holds four photographs of her, including two portraits by Alexander Bassano.

Death
On 27 August 1979, the Dowager Lady Brabourne was seriously injured in an explosion which killed Lord Mountbatten (the father of the wife of her younger son), their teenage grandson Nicholas, and local boy Paul Maxwell, on Donegal Bay, County Sligo. A bomb had been planted in Lord Mountbatten's fishing boat by a member of the Provisional IRA. Lady Brabourne died in hospital from her injuries the next day.

Commemoration
Her name is commemorated by the eponymous Lady Brabourne College, which was established in 1939 as the first women's college for Muslim women in Calcutta, India. She took the initiative in establishing this institution following complaints from Muslim girls that they were discriminated against by the Hindu establishment at the elite Bethune College, which was incidentally the first women's college in India.

title: Doreen Knatchbull, Baroness Brabourne