text:
Runaway (1984 American film)

Runaway is a 1984 American science fiction action film written and directed by Michael Crichton, starring Tom Selleck, Gene Simmons, Cynthia Rhodes and Kirstie Alley. Selleck portrays a police officer assigned to track down dangerous robots, while Simmons is a scientist who hopes to profit from his manipulation of robots. The film was a box office disappointment and received mixed reviews.

Plot
In the then near future of 1991, robots are commonplace—a part of everyday life like any other electrical appliance—and are just as prone to malfunctions. When a robot malfunctions, it could pose a threat to people or property. Such robots are known as "runaways". Since they are more dangerous than the average machine, they are handled by a division of the police trained in robotics. The "runaway" squad, however, is treated as an easy and unexciting assignment, and often ridiculed.

Sgt. Jack R. Ramsay is a veteran police officer who joined the runaway squad after an incident in which his fear of heights allowed a criminal to escape, which subsequently resulted in a family's death at the hands of that escaped criminal. After years on the job, Ramsay has found himself one of the division's few real experts. His new partner Karen Thompson is enthusiastic about the job, but he assures her there is little excitement involved, saying that mostly it involves flipping a switch. This changes when they find themselves handling a new threat—the first robotic homicide. Investigating a household robot that murdered a family with a kitchen knife and handgun, Jack discovers strange integrated circuits, which not only override a robot's safety features but also direct it to attack humans. These circuits are not hacked chips, but created from a series of master templates, enabling them to be mass-produced.

Despite being unable to learn anything from uncooperative informants who end up dead, Ramsay refuses to give up and soon discovers the perpetrator is sociopathic genius Dr. Charles Luther. Luther, while working for a defense contractor, developed a program that allows a robot to thermographically identify a human from amidst cover and to even differentiate between humans. Seeing the profit potential, he killed his fellow researchers and tried to sell the technology on the black market. A failed attempt to arrest Luther—complicated by Ramsay having to remove an explosive shell from Thompson's arm—results in the recovery of another of Luther's weapons, a smart bullet: a miniature heat seeking missile capable of locking onto a human target's unique heat signature, pursuing them wherever they run, even around corners.

While investigating another of Luther's partners, Ramsay and Thompson find Jackie Rogers, who was once Luther's lover. She double-crossed him and stole the circuit templates, intending to sell them herself. She is scared because she believes Luther will stop at nothing to kill her. When they create a ruse to transfer Jackie to safety, Luther attacks the police convoy with robotic smart bombs. They discover that the bombs are zeroing in on a bug in Jackie's purse; they throw the bag out the window before a bomb reaches the car.

Ramsay decides to make a public appearance with Jackie at a restaurant to draw Luther out, but instead Luther captures Thompson and wants Ramsay to exchange her for Jackie and the templates. Before making the exchange, Jackie gives some of the templates to Ramsay, for insurance that Luther won't kill her. But Luther kills her anyway, after discovering the templates missing. He then fires his smart bullets into the crowded restaurant and flees.

To retrieve the missing templates, Luther plans to attack Ramsay. He uses the police computers to discover everything about Ramsay's personal life, including his son. Once Ramsay discovers his information has been hacked, he races home to find his household robot damaged and his son Bobby missing. Luther calls to confirm he kidnapped Bobby and wants to exchange him for the missing templates.

Ramsay agrees to meet Luther at an unfinished skyscraper. Luther gets the templates while in exchange Ramsay sends his son down in an elevator whereupon Luther informs him that a legion of "assassin" robots—small, spider-like robots which kill by injecting their victims with acid—are waiting to kill the first person exiting the elevator. Thompson arrives and helps Bobby stay out of reach of the robots. Furious, Luther begins firing smart bullets, but Ramsay turns on the robotic construction equipment, creating multiple heat sources which cause the bullets to miss. Ramsay escapes and jumps on the elevator to go down. However, the elevator malfunctions, and speeds up to the very top and stops. Ramsay is forced to overcome his fear of heights by reaching a reset button underneath the elevator to restart it, while encountering three robot spiders. Ramsay defeats the three spiders and restarts the elevator downward. The elevator then stops on the floor Luther is on, with Luther approaching an already exhausted Ramsay in the elevator and insults Ramsay about his experience up top, causing Ramsay to start the elevator down again. During the descent, Ramsay and Luther fight, but Ramsay gains the upper hand by stopping the elevator. The abrupt stop catapults Luther onto the ground, in the midst of his robot spiders. Programmed to kill whoever came down, the robots rush Luther, injecting him several times.

Ramsay helps his son down and then cautiously approaches the motionless villain. Screaming, Luther reaches up to grab Ramsay, but falls back, dead, while the spiders self-destruct around him. Ramsay and Thompson share a passionate kiss.

Production
The film was written and directed by Michael Crichton who said he deliberately made it vague how far into the future the film was set. "If you want my world view, I think it's about a year ahead," he said.

Crichton said the film "is not a cautionary tale" about technology but "an updated police story with every police cliche turned a bit. This is a movie, at least in part, about the difference between people and machines. We tried very hard to keep perspective. Machines are so visually interesting that a lot of times they threaten to take over a film."

Crichton wanted to ensure the film was visual and easy to follow. "Movies are about the here and now in things you see. To me, there's no point in writing a highly cinematic book or doing a very literary movie."

The star was Tom Selleck who had had a small role in Crichton's film Coma and since became a star on TV in Magnum, P.I.. Selleck later said, "With my TV series, I don't have the luxury of taking on a lot of projects. So when I got offered a movie and the timing's right, I say yes. I keep thinking if I don't say yes, then everyone will go away. And being a fan of Michael Crichton's helped, because I'm really very nervous doing this. I need my confidence built as much as anybody. It's a strange business. I like to grow in my parts, this was a risk in some ways."

The film marked the first feature acting role for rock star Gene Simmons (he had been in Kiss Meets the Phantom of the Park). Simmons had been interested in acting for a while, and had studied it since 1981. He turned down a TV series which wanted to exploit his KISS fame as well as parts in Flashdance and Doctor Detroit because he "wasn't interested in musicals or comedy. I wanted to start out in something serious. I understand brooding characters more than I do splashy people." He was offered the part after meeting Crichton and did not have to read for it.

"I didn't see Luther as evil", Simmons said, "but as a deadly animal who kills when someone gets in his way. Crichton didn't want me to memorize the script or talk to my acting coach. His direction was, 'Don't be afraid to try different things.' "

Filming took place from 29 May to August 1984 in Vancouver, British Columbia while Selleck was on a break from Magnum, P.I..

Mercury Topazes were used for the police cruisers in the film.

Jerry Goldsmith composed the original musical score, which was the composer's first all-electronic soundtrack.

Release
With a multi-million dollar budget, big-name actors and a world-famous author as both writer and director, Runaway was planned as 1984's major science fiction draw. However, it was overshadowed by James Cameron's blockbuster The Terminator, Star Trek III: The Search for Spock, and 2010: The Year We Make Contact, and the film was a box office disappointment.

Reception
The film received mixed reviews. Janet Maslin of The New York Times said, "Mr. Crichton has a much better feel for the gadgets than its human players." Kevin Thomas of The Los Angeles Times called it "assured, thoroughly cinematic filmmaking, its flourish of ingenious gadgetry not overwhelming its human dimension." Gene Siskel of The Chicago Tribune thought the movie began "excitingly" but "descended into a routine chase thriller" in which Selleck was a poor lead ("he's too nice, too familiar to be a big star in the movies"). At the Movies gave Runaway two thumbs down. Roger Ebert thought that Selleck and Simmons gave "good performances" but the film quickly became mired in cliches, while Gene Siskel thought the core premise was intriguing but the film was poorly executed.

Neil Gaiman reviewed Runaway for Imagine magazine, and stated that "The race to outwit the cybernetic psycho is gripping stuff, mostly, with a terrifying showdown atop an unfinished skyscraper; and as the hero cop with no head for heights, Selleck is fine. In between, he spends too much time just being a heart-throb."

On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a rating of 46% based on reviews from 24 critics.

Kirstie Alley earned a 1984 Saturn Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her performance.

title: Runaway (1984 American film)


text:
User talk:Evil Capitalist

Comprehensive Schools
I appreciate the new articles - well done! However, you have largley ignored the differences betweenn the different parts of the United Kingdom. Scotland and Northern Ireland present two very different situations from that which you have presented. It is somewhat emotive for me, as I do get annoyed when people ignore the differences. I shall find a way of reformatting your ammendments to include the developments in the Home Nations of the UK. But I must again say - good effort - hopefully the whole mess of writing articles for Education in the UK can be sorted out soon! Davidkinnen 20:08, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Comprehensive System
Whilst I appreciate - and welcome - the additional detail I am not happy about the tone and approach of recent edits. References in favour of comprehensive education have been removed and replaced with dubious party political references. For example you have deleted the reference to the fact (please note - fact) that Margaret Thatcher during her time as education secretary continued the policy of the previous Labour government on comprehensive schools. In fact most of the changeover from the tripartite system to the comprehensive system happened in the period 1968-75, mostly under a Conservative administration.

The material on the merits of the system is now biased because you have deleted the main arguments in favour which were:

Supporters of the comprehensive system argue that it is unacceptable on both moral and practical grounds to select children on the basis of their ability. They also argue that comprehensive schools in the UK have allowed millions of children to gain access to further and higher education, and that the previous selective system relegated children who failed the eleven plus examination to a second class and inferior education.

Additionally the current article makes a whole series of evidence free value judgements about comprehensive education – such as:

“There is a widespread perception, shared by many of the system's advocates, that the comprehensive system has not been the success hoped for.”

“Academic performance is usually well below selective schools. This is unsurprising, since selective schools will have a natural advantage over comprehensives. However, it can be argued that the difference cannot be explained by differences in students alone.”

Who argues this? Where is the evidence for this assertion?

“In spite of the intentions of a ‘grammar school education for all’, many comprehensive schools lack resources and good teachers.”

Whose intention was it to provide a 'grammar school for all'? What evidence exists that the lack of resources and teachers is worse in comprehensives schools? Supporters would argue that teaching in a grammar school is easier than teaching in a comprehensive and that grammar school teachers would not be able to cope in the comprehensive environment.

These are not isolated examples and I am considering a wholesale rewrite of both these pages. But I feel I ought to seek comment from the authors – a courtesy not extended to me as the original author – before I do so.

Shropshire Lad

And another thing
Thanks for your reply. It's not often that I get patronised on that scale, but new experiences are always welcome. I've revised the two pages on the Comprehensive System and on Comprehensive Schools, and now that they are less wordy I'm inclined to agree with another contributor and think that they ought to be re-merged.

That aside - I had read your related contributions and they have the same strengths and weaknesses. The strengths come from the research; the weaknesses come from the overriding assumption that there is only one story to tell. You claim not to be biased, but the mistakes and omissions in your contributions tell a different story.

Let's look at your edit of the Tripartite System.

"fell into disfavour under the Labour government after 1965"

If you have done your reserach, which you obviously have, you will know that the system was unpopular long before 1965, and what made it so was the lottery of the leven plus, as you acknowledge in that entry.

The key omission in your intro is the concept of 'parity of esteem' which was central to the Butler proposals, but never a reality. You also fail to mention that the entire edifice was built on the idea that children could be legitamately divided into types - academic, practical, and so on. This arose out of the Cyril Burt research which you briefly mention on this page. Burt's research was at worst discredited and at best weakened by revelations that his data appeared to have been manipulated or even invented to produce the results he was looking for. You don't mention this either here on on the eleven plus page, yet I am sure that you are aware of the controversy. Why is that?

"while children at secondary moderns usually took the less demanding Certificate of School Education"

This is largely untrue. For most of their history secondary moderns offered no examinations at all. The CSE was not introduced until 1965 and the school leaving age was not raised to 16 until 1972, by which time most secondary moderns had ceased to exist. Children in the schools left at 15, with no qualifications. Many schools did offer the possibility of taking exams, and in some students could transfer to nearly grammar schools. But the numbers of students who took up these offers do not represent even a substantial minority. I think you know this, so why didn't you say it?

"It had been written by a Conservative, and had received the full backing of Prime Minister Winston Churchill."

Good grief. The act came out of the Beveridge report. Beveridge was not a Conservative. Butler, who drew up the actual legisaltion was. The act was implemeted and carried through by the post war Labour government, not by Churchill. Post war restrictions meant that few new schools were built, but local authorities did move to the new system wherever possible.

"growing dissatisfaction on the left"

Not just the left. Many middle class parents whose children failed the eleven plus were deeply dissatisfied with a system that offered little for their children. many others thought the stress and upset of the examination too much for young children.

"as it became apparent that Comprehensivistion (sic) meant levelling out standards"

Evidence?

"It is often noted that more grammar schools were shut under Margaret Thatcher than any other Education Secretary. This is true but misleading, since this was a local process, started under Labour and allowed to continue to avoid controversy."

How is this misleading? She could have halted the process, and did so several years later. She did not do so in 1970 because the eleven plus was a deeply unpopular exam. This runs through the entire debate on selection and grammar schools. Supporters, including those in the closet, welcome the high standards which are possible when resources are concentrated on a minority. But no-one wants to think about the kids who fail. Pious statements that more resources ought to have been made available are either naive or wilfully misleading.

So where does that lead us?

Your research is welcome, and if you can bring yourself to avoid constant political references you will be doing us all a great service, because these pages do need more detail. If, on the other hand, you continue to sprinkle your edits with propaganda, then I think you will find your contributions being challenged.

Best wishes,

Shropshire Lad 16:58, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Hello again,

Thanks for your reply. I see my style as assertive and pugnacious, but the reality is for others to judge.

Some points.

The choice agenda has certainly had a major effect, but the fact is that most parents still send their child to the local, neighbourhood school. This possibly represents an unsophisticated market, or even an indifference to the quality of education provided, but it is the case.

I accept your point about Holyhead, though I had been told at some point, I can't find the reference, that falling rolls after the war plus the dilapidated condition of one of the schools meant that Angelsey's councillors faced some ghard decisions anyway.

Dont agree about London. It wasn't the first, and some midlands local authorities had a much more gung ho approach to implementing the new system. I feel that Graham Savage's role is often overplayed, as players on the capital's stage often are. But my real objection is that London does not now and has never had a comprehensive system. Lots of 'comprehensive' schools, and some comprehensive local authorities, but whilst grammar school were allowed to survive in some London Boroughs (Barnet, Bromley, Enfield, Redbridge, Sutton) and on the London fringe (Kent, KIngston, Essex), the London area cannot be described as comprehensive. Thsi situation was made worse by the abiity of faith and foundation schools to cherry pick their intake without going through a formal selection process. This is a sensitive topic for the pro-comprehensive lobby because failures in London's schools are often attributed to the comprehensive approach. To gauge the success or otherwise of the comprehensive system you have to look at areas where the policy was fully implemented (Devon, Cheshire), or to towns served by a single large comprehensive school (Uttoxeter is a good example - look at the results for the Thomas Alleynes High School and tell me that Comprehensive Schools have 'lowered' standards).

It's on that last point where you argument really falls down. You say "By introducing children who had not been cherrypicked for their intelligence into the class, the exam results are bound to tail off."

1960s grammar schools failed between 5 and 20% of their intake. Despite choosing the most able students in their area (sic); the schools often saw significant numbers of their bottom streams leave with fewer than five O levels. I only have evidence for one school (and if you have more detailed stats that contradict this point I'd be interested to see them).

BCGS admitted three classes of 30 children in 1965. These kids had passed the 11+; they were at the top end of the ability range. Five years later just 75 of them gained more than five O level passes. In the same year just 45 sixth form students left that school with A level certificates and only 13 of them gained four passes. In modern terms these results are pathetic.

Extrapolated across the country, that would give a benchmark of around 10-15% of the age cohort gaining 5 or more O levels. Today the figure is around 60%. Even allowing for the fact that the current GCSE can't really be compared to the O level, this represents a huge increase in performance. Other evidence comes from the huge increase in numbers going on to higher education. Forget the degrees is golf course management and media studies, the fact is that a largely comprehensive system is delivering real opportunity to thousands of children who were denied that opportunity under the old system. Yes there are failing schools, and in the inner cities there are real problems. If I was a parent still living in central London I would face a real dilemma about where to send my children to school. But that doesn't make the system a failure.

Cheshire's schools saw 60% of their students gain 5 or more GCSE A-Cs last year (2004), with an average point score of 353.5. Kent, with a grammar school system, had figures of 55.8 and 350.8. Look at the Social Trends figures for both these counties; they are strikingly similar. Don't compare English schools with northern Ireland; compare them with other English Schools.

But for the real story look at individual schools. Thomas Telford in Shropshire has a comprehensive intake. It outperforms most of the grammar school sector at GCSE, with 100% pass rates. In Sandwell, a desperately disavantaged area of the west midlands; the Wood Green High School gets A-C figures of 65%, with an average points score of 399. The head tells me that virtually none of her students would have passed the old 11 plus.

I will tweak my entries to reflect some of the points you have raised, and i'm enjoying the discussion. But do find out more about comprehensive schools before you judge them. Have you ever been inside one?

Shropshire Lad 13:09, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Debates on the grammar school
I have nominated Debates on the grammar school, an article you created, for deletion. I do not feel that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Debates on the grammar school. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. EJF (talk) 13:47, 31 December 2007 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Evil Capitalist


text:
Talk:Brown Mountain lights

Could not be light refractions due to the existance of the lights before the common use of electricity. An episode of unsolved mysteries that aired a segment on the Brown Mtn lights debunked the candlewatt reflection experiment in 1977.

There is also an excellent source to ellaborate on this article:

http://www.ibiblio.org/ghosts/bmtn_p2.html

This article appears biased towards LEMUR research. The referenced Electric Spacecraft is not a respected journal (http://www.electricspacecraft.com/journal.htm) but closer to a hobbyist publication. The explaination of intersecting "discharges" spinning in the visible spectrum makes no sense at all. Plasma discharges are a viable explaination -- IEEE Spectrum has an article describing lights caused by electrical discharges creating plasma before earthquakes. However, this article's description is incomplete and confusing.
 * I have referenced LEMUR's material as claims rather than fact. LuckyLouie 00:47, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree. I've taken first steps to correct this, but more work is needed.  Is "Electric Space Craft" even peer-reviewed?  LEMUR does ghost hunting and is a commercial group.  A couple years ago they were selling the video they claimed to have taken of the lights.  None of these things means they're not doing good science, but I think it suggests they have a high burden to show that they are doing good science. Allen 17:57, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

There is also a burden of finding a solid source for finding information concerning BML. I think there too many alternate sources that may be less than reputable. I originally posted the first entry in discussion being my first foray into the world of Wikki. It pleased me to see a timely revision.

 * I suggest looking into the entry for Joshua P. Warren. (a) He's a self-proclaimed "scientist. (b) There is much of what appears to be pseudoscience being claimed as fact. LuckyLouie 08:19, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

1913?
From an article at []

"Modern investigations started at the request of some US Congressmen to the U.S. Geologic Survey. Two investigations were made, the first in 1913 and the second in 1922."

I cross-checked this with various other articles, finding it to be correct. If a first investigation into the cause of the lights was made in the year 1913, surely they must have been observed for some time before that year, countering the Wikipedia article's claim that they were first observed in 1913?

In fact, from various sources, the earliest accounts from Europeans were during the 1770s. Native American accounts date much further, for obvious reasons. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.132.201.131 (talk • contribs)

 * Please clarify what these "various sources" are. The history of the Brown Mountain Lights is controversial, so it's crucial that we cite the sources of all claims that the lights were seen before the 1900s.  --Allen 16:38, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

 * https://www.ncpedia.org/brown-mountain-lights. States it was first documented in 1833 but no source given. 2603:6080:6602:9055:B055:1D7F:6A57:528B (talk) 20:37, 17 September 2023 (UTC)

Removed Unsourced Material
I just removed some unsourced material, including the following: "In later decades, reports of the Brown Mountain Lights continued. An experiment conducted in 1977 shone a 50,000 candela floodlight 22 miles (35 km) towards Brown Mountain. Experimenters saw a red, circular light floating above the horizon, and thus concluded that refraction of ordinary lights were likely to blame for the Brown Mountain Lights." I removed this text reluctantly, because I once talked to someone involved with this research, and it sounds like it probably did happen, and is potentially important. Still, the closest to a reliable source I can find is this, and it just doesn't seem reliable enough. But I'm leaving it here on the talk page in case anyone has a more appropriate source. --Allen (talk) 23:30, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

Removed the following unsourced statment until someone can find the source:

"In 2000, a woman called into the county 911 office of liesville, NC. The woman speech was reported as being slurred and the conversation was broke up due to signal loss. She stated her family saw mysterious lights, her husband was missing, and that her family was in need of help.  The local police department reported to the area, but only found an abandoned vehicle where the were obvious signs of a struggle.  The case was soon closed. The patrons of the vehicle were never found."

Graham1973 (talk) 16:57, 3 April 2014 (UTC)

Brown Mountain cameras, and low quality local journalism
Regarding this edit,, there are low quality local tv station reports about "lights" having being captured on two occasions. This example from 2019 is obviously someone flying drones, which anyone can buy on Amazon now, in front of the camera, and it just seems kind of embarrassing that the local media bought it wholesale. And we have video of a light from 2016 that could be possibly be an aircraft landing light 100 miles away--why haven't the Appalachian State people published a distance estimate from parallax? They ought to be able to do that, both cameras recorded it at the same time. The historical Brown Mountain lights were seen every clear night, you'd think several years' of nightly camera footage would have produced a lot more than this if they were real. Actually, the guy in charge of the cameras has acknowledged that they haven't caught much. Geogene (talk) 09:35, 26 July 2021 (UTC)

Biased article
This wikipedia article seems biased 169.136.42.220 (talk) 18:10, 30 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Okay, what words or phrasing should be corrected to make it non-bias? --WashuOtaku (talk) 18:33, 30 October 2022 (UTC)
 * See WP:FRINGE, Academic bias, and NPOV means neutral editing, not neutral content. Geogene (talk) 22:24, 30 October 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree. The entire article continually refers to the phenomena as basically being nonexistent and being imagined or pushed forth by the gullible or those seeking monetary reward.  The insistence within this article of using explanations, such as train lights, which have already been debunked, along with the insistence that people are only seeing campers or headlights, etc...is not consistent with the majority of observers who have actually viewed the lights.  I have.  I did not go expecting to see them, as I'm not one who experiences that sort of thing, but in 2011 I was with a group of people at one of the overlooks at Watchman's View, with a view of Table Rock and as night fell, we all very clearly saw, for some period of time, a repeated number of what looked like floating balls of light, with different hues to them, which appear out of nowhere, hovering OVER the edge of the mountain, and then would just sort of roll downwards, in the air, as the light disappeared.  There are no more trains left and I can guarantee there were no cars or campers or brush fires that were creating a multi-colored, evanescent ball of light that hovers at a high altitude with nothing below it but the very deep Linville Gorge.  This article is written as if the Lights are an invention of hillbillies who didn't understand the new-fangled invention of electricity, instead of citing the MULTIPLE scientific articles debating the cause of this as well as the numerous people who have personally experienced the phenomenon.  Instead, the article reads as if The Brown Mountain Lights do not exist and are merely reports of simpletons with active imaginations.  They do exist, they have been reported for hundreds of years and are still seen to this day.  The bias in this article which ignores any research to the contrary view of this author and that the article actually seems to deny the Lights even exist makes it undeniably biased and provides inaccurate information to the public. 204.152.2.230 (talk) 17:06, 3 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I note that you didn't actually cite any sources here. Your own experiences, while certainly interesting, cannot be the basis for changes to a Wikipedia article.  Cheers. Dumuzid (talk) 17:15, 3 July 2023 (UTC)
 * You claim there are "MULTIPLE scientific articles" debating this, but all I see in Google Scholar is the Mansfield report from 1922 and the Speer book. And both of those sources say there was never anything mysterious there. Geogene (talk) 20:16, 3 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Brown Mountain lights


text:
YSR

YSR can refer to:

 * Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy (1949–2009), former chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, India
 * YSR Congress Party, a political party in Andhra Pradesh, India, led by Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, son of Rajasekhara
 * Kadapa district (also referred to as YSR Kadapa District after the chief minister), a district in Andhra Pradesh, India
 * YSR Indoor Stadium, an indoor sporting arena located in Yanam, Puducherry, India; named after the chief minister
 * Yatra (2019 film), also YSR: Yatra, an Indian film about the chief minister
 * Yamaha YSR50, a miniature motorcycle made by Yamaha
 * Yuvan Shankar Raja (born 1979), music director
 * Ystrad Rhondda railway station (National Rail code) in South Wales
 * Nanisivik Airport (IATA code) in the Canadian territory of Nunavut
 * AP State Archaeology Museum
 * the callsign used by Canal 2 in El Salvador, which was formerly branded as that
 * A US Navy hull classification symbol: Sludge removal barge (YSR)

title: YSR


text: Category:Latvian musicians

title: Category:Latvian musicians


text:
Talk:Non-conventional literature

Still plenty of gray despite the digital revolution
Can an argument be made that there is no longer really a need to discuss "non conventional" or grey literature, because published documents that are not commercially available are not readily available on the Internet? [unsigned]

 * Not really. This concept is still just as important as ever, because lots of useful information is stovepiped within internal reports inside corporations, government agencies, etc. And this principle still applies in the digital era, because a lot depends on the operational definition of "published". A report that's locked away behind a firewall on a corporation's intranet is quite gray indeed for anyone in the rest of the world who might potentially be able to benefit from that information. One good example is info related to the history of technology. Lumbercutter 00:42, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Grey/Gray literature
Should this page not redirect to the Gray literature article? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 61.95.29.18 (talk) 21:22, 1 February 2007 (UTC).

 * Yes, it should. Currently, "Grey literature" is a redirect to here, while "Gray literature" is a completely separate article. In other words, meta-stovepiping! I added a merge-suggestion tag to the article. Lumbercutter 00:42, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Non-conventional literature


text:
User:Beugungsbild

User Name: Beugungsbild

created: September 28, 2005

Website: http://www.beugungsbild.de

title: User:Beugungsbild


text: Category:Latvian writers

title: Category:Latvian writers


text:
Drew Pearson (American football)

Drew Pearson (born January 12, 1951) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys. He played college football for the Tulsa Golden Hurricane. He was elected for induction into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2021.

Early life
Pearson was born and raised in South River, New Jersey, and began his football career at South River High School as one of the wide receivers of Joe Theismann. As a junior, he succeeded Theismann as the starting quarterback. He also lettered in baseball and basketball, graduating in 1969.

He accepted a football scholarship from the University of Tulsa. As a sophomore in 1970, he was the backup quarterback behind John Dobbs. He started four games, making 36 out of 86 completions (41.9%), for 423 passing yards, one touchdown and 5 interceptions.

As a junior in 1971, he was converted into a wide receiver. He was second on the team with 22 receptions for 429 yards. He led the team with an average of 19.5 yards per reception and 3 receiving touchdowns.

As a senior in 1972, he led a run-oriented offense with 33 receptions for 690 yards (20.9 yards per reception) and 5 touchdowns. He finished his college career with 55 receptions for 1,119 yards, 8 touchdowns and a 20.3-yard average per reception.

In 1985, he was inducted into the Tulsa Athletics Hall of Fame. In 1998, he received the NCAA Silver Anniversary Award.

Professional career
In 1973, he was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Dallas Cowboys and made the team as a third-team wide receiver because of his special teams play. As a rookie, he replaced Otto Stowe after Stowe suffered a broken ankle in the seventh game of the season against the Philadelphia Eagles, and his backup Mike Montgomery would also fall to injury in the next game. He appeared in 14 games with 6 starts, making 22 receptions for 388 yards and 2 touchdowns.

In 1974, Stowe asked to be traded and Pearson became the full-time starter opposite Golden Richards. He led the team with 62 receptions and 1,087 yards, while also catching 2 touchdowns. He would keep leading the team in receiving until 1978, when Tony Hill took over the number one role at wide receiver.

In 1979, he and Tony Hill—along with Tony Dorsett—helped the Cowboys become the first team in NFL history to have two 1,000-yards wide receivers and a 1,000-yard running back, when he recorded 55 receptions, 1,026 yards and 8 touchdowns. Pearson and Hill also became the first wide receiver tandem in Cowboys history to record 1,000-yard receiving seasons in the same year.

In 1980, he surpassed Bob Hayes' club mark in receptions and was selected by the Cowboys as their nominee for NFL Man of the Year. In the 1981 NFC Championship Game against the San Francisco 49ers, Pearson almost rendered "The Catch" irrelevant when, in the waning moments of the game, he caught a long pass from Danny White that might’ve gone for a touchdown and won the game for the Cowboys had 49ers cornerback Eric Wright not made a one-handed horse-collar tackle, stopping him just outside field-goal range (White fumbled on the next play, thus preserving victory for the 49ers and putting them in Super Bowl XVI).

In 1982, he delivered a key downfield block during Tony Dorsett's NFL record 99-yard touchdown run.

In 1983, he passed Hayes as the franchise leader in receiving yards.

On March 22, 1984, at 1:30 a.m. Drew fell asleep while driving, and crashed his car against a parked tractor-trailer. Drew's brother Carey was killed; Drew himself sustained a career-ending liver injury in the crash.

Pearson helped the Cowboys to three Super Bowl appearances and a victory in Super Bowl XII in 1978. He also scored a touchdown in Super Bowl X. Pearson was known as "Mr. Clutch" for his numerous clutch catches in game-winning situations, especially the Hail Mary reception from Roger Staubach that sealed the victory over the Vikings in a 1975 playoff game, one of the most infamous plays in NFL history. He also caught the game-sealing touchdown in a 1973 playoff game against the Los Angeles Rams and the game-winning touchdown pass from reserve quarterback Clint Longley in the 1974 Thanksgiving game against the Washington Redskins. All three plays were named among the Top 75 plays in NFL history by NFL Films in 1994. Pearson figured prominently in a fourth play on that list, throwing the final block to clear Tony Dorsett's path to the end zone on his 99-yard touchdown run in 1983. In addition in the 1980 playoff game at Atlanta, Pearson's clutch receptions helped win that game in a comeback by the Cowboys.

He rose to become one of the NFL's greatest wide receivers, earning career records of 489 receptions and 7,822 receiving yards, along with 189 rushing yards, 155 yards returning kickoffs, and 50 touchdowns (48 receiving and two fumble recoveries). Pearson was named one of the Top 20 Pro Football All-Time wide receivers, he was also recognized for his achievements by being named to the NFL 1970s All-Decade Team. Despite this fact, he was the only player from the team to not be inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame at the time, including the only one from the offensive first team category.

Pearson was named All-Pro three times (1974, 1976–77) All-NFC in 1975 and second Team All-NFC in 1978. In addition, Pearson was a Pro Bowler in 1974, 1976 and 1977. He was named The Football Digest NFL receiver of the year in 1977. He led the National Football Conference (NFC) in pass receptions in 1976 with 58. He served as offensive captain for the Cowboys in 1977, 1978, 1982 and 1983.

In 1984, he was named to the Dallas Cowboys' 25th-anniversary team.

In 2009, on the NFL Network show "NFL's Top 10", in the episode titled "Greatest Dallas Cowboys", he is number 10 on the list, although the update in 2016 where Drew was not on the list and was replaced by Randy White as #10 as well.

On August 19, 2011, Cowboys owner Jerry Jones announced that Pearson had been selected for inclusion into the Dallas Cowboys Ring of Honor. Pearson, Charles Haley and Larry Allen were inducted during the half-time show of the Cowboys-Seahawks game on November 6, 2011.

The Professional Football Researchers Association named Pearson to the PFRA Hall of Very Good Class of 2010.

Pearson was named as a senior finalist for the Pro Football Hall of Fame in the Class of 2020 as a part of its "Centennial Slate" of 20 senior finalists. However, he fell just shy of getting inducted. The following year, he was named the lone senior finalist for the class of 2021.

On February 6, 2021, Pearson was named to the 2021 Pro Football Hall of Fame class and his bust was sculpted by Scott Myers.

After the NFL
On April 28, 2017, Pearson was selected to announce a pick at the 2017 NFL draft, which took place at Philadelphia. Amidst boos from the Eagles fans in attendance, he announced Chidobe Awuzie as the 60th pick for the Cowboys.

Personal life
Pearson is married to Marsha, a daughter of Harlem Globetrotters star Marques Haynes.

title: Drew Pearson (American football)


text:
Talk:Advent calendar

Would anyone care to provide an image of a commercial calendar
The abundance of hand-made calendars seems WP:UNDUE. It would be good to have a photo of a commercial calendar or even a display of several. --Walter Görlitz (talk) 05:50, 20 November 2012 (UTC)

Chocolate
Could someone add a mention of chocolate advent calendars? Maybe they are just a UK thing but most people I know (at least when they were children) had advent calendars with chocolate inside. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 125.15.236.218 (talk) 23:39, 10 December 2014 (UTC)
 * It's brief but there: "or a small gift, such as a toy or a chocolate item." If you have an addition that you would like to suggest, feel free to add it. Walter Görlitz (talk) 04:57, 11 December 2014 (UTC)

The phrase "early doors"
The phrase "early doors" - meaning early on or near the start of a process - comes from advent calendars. The period when the first (few) doors on it are opened. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mr gobrien (talk • contribs) 20:30, 30 November 2018 (UTC)
 * I've never head the phrase. If you want that added to the article, you'll need to have it sourced. Walter Görlitz (talk) 21:16, 30 November 2018 (UTC)

Actually I've done more research and "early doors" originates from early after a venue opens its doors. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mr gobrien (talk • contribs) 22:17, 30 November 2018 (UTC)

Advent candle in gallery
I propose that the image of the Advent candle be removed for the simple reason that it is not a calendar – in a gallery of calendars.

I further propose that it be replaced with a link to Advent candle (which happens to contain the same image) in the See also section.

If there are no objections in a month's time, I would be happy to do so myself. 1980fast (talk) 01:48, 28 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Advent calendar


text: Obstreperous

title: Obstreperous


text:
Airborne wind turbine

An airborne wind turbine is a design concept for a wind turbine with a rotor supported in the air without a tower, thus benefiting from the higher velocity and persistence of wind at high altitudes, while avoiding the expense of tower construction, or the need for slip rings or yaw mechanism. An electrical generator may be on the ground or airborne. Challenges include safely suspending and maintaining turbines hundreds of meters off the ground in high winds and storms, transferring the harvested and/or generated power back to earth, and interference with aviation.

Airborne wind turbines may operate in low or high altitudes; they are part of a wider class of Airborne Wind Energy Systems (AWES) addressed by high-altitude wind power and crosswind kite power. When the generator is on the ground, then the tethered aircraft need not carry the generator mass or have a conductive tether. When the generator is aloft, then a conductive tether would be used to transmit energy to the ground or used aloft or beamed to receivers using microwave or laser. Kites and helicopters come down when there is insufficient wind; kytoons and blimps may resolve the matter with other disadvantages. Also, bad weather such as lightning or thunderstorms, could temporarily suspend use of the machines, probably requiring them to be brought back down to the ground and covered. Some schemes require a long power cable and, if the turbine is high enough, a prohibited airspace zone. As of 2022, few commercial airborne wind turbines are in regular operation.

Aerodynamic variety
An aerodynamic airborne wind power system relies on the wind for support. In one class, the generator is aloft; an aerodynamic structure resembling a kite, tethered to the ground, extracts wind energy by supporting a wind turbine. In another class of devices, such as crosswind kite power, generators are on the ground; one or more airfoils or kites exert force on a tether, which is converted to electrical energy. An airborne turbine requires conductors in the tether or some other apparatus to transmit power to the ground. Systems that rely on a winch can instead place the weight of the generator at ground level, and the tethers need not conduct electricity.

Aerodynamic wind energy systems have been a subject of research interest since at least 1980. Multiple proposals have been put forth but no commercial products are available. Other projects for airborne wind energy systems include:
 * Ampyx Power
 * Kitepower
 * KiteGen
 * Rotokite
 * HAWE System
 * SkySails
 * X-Wind technology
 * Makani Power crosswind hybrid kite system
 * Windswept and Interesting Kite Turbine Ring to Ring Torque Transfer
 * Kitemill

Aerostat variety
An aerostat-type wind power system relies at least in part on buoyancy to support the wind-collecting elements. Aerostats vary in their designs and resulting lift-to-drag ratio; the kiting effect of higher lift-over-drag shapes for the aerostat can effectively keep an airborne turbine aloft; a variety of such kiting balloons were made famous in the kytoon by Domina Jalbert.

Balloons can be incorporated to keep systems up without wind, but balloons leak slowly and have to be resupplied with lifting gas, possibly patched as well. Very large, sun-heated balloons may solve the helium or hydrogen leakage problems.

An Ontario based company called Magenn was developing a turbine called the Magenn Air Rotor System (MARS). A future 1000 ft-wide MARS system would use a horizontal rotor in a helium suspended apparatus which is tethered to a transformer on the ground. Magenn claims that their technology provides high torque, low starting speeds, and superior overall efficiency thanks to its ability to deploy higher in comparison to non-aerial solutions. The first prototypes were built by TCOM in April 2008. No production units have been delivered.

Boston-based Altaeros Energies uses a helium-filled balloon shroud to lift a wind turbine into the air, transferring the resultant power down to a base station through the same cables used to control the shroud. A 35-foot prototype using a standard Skystream 2.5kW 3.7m wind turbine was flown and tested in 2012. In fall 2013, Altaeros was at work on its first commercial-scale demonstration in Alaska.

Another concept, released in 2023, proposed a helium-filled balloon with attached sails, which create pressure and drive the rotation of the system around its horizontal axis. The kinetic energy is transferred to a generator on the ground through ropes in circular motion.

title: Airborne wind turbine


text:
Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department

The Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department (SEERAD) was a civil service department of the Scottish Executive. SEERAD was responsible for the following areas in Scotland: agriculture, rural development, food, the environment and fisheries. Following the change of administration in May 2007, a restructuring exercise led to most SEERAD functions being continued under the new Scottish Executive Environment Directorate.

SEERAD was directly responsible for various agencies of the Scottish Executive and other public bodies relating to these areas of responsibility. From early 2005 the Department was headed by Richard Wakeford. The Minister for Environment and Rural Development was Ross Finnie and he was assisted by the Deputy Minister for Environment and Rural Development, Sarah Boyack.

A concordat set out agreed frameworks for co-operation between it and the United Kingdom government Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

Many of the functions of SEERAD were subsumed into the Environment Directorate in 2007.

Structure
The department had three executive agencies:
 * Scottish Agricultural Science Agency, which is responsible for scientific research into agriculture
 * Fisheries Research Services, which carries out scientific research into the fisheries and aquaculture areas
 * Scottish Fisheries Protection Agency, responsible for enforcing fisheries regulations in Scottish waters, and monitoring compliance

The department sponsored several non-departmental public bodies (NDPBs) including:
 * Crofters Commission
 * Deer Commission for Scotland
 * Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
 * Scottish Environment Protection Agency
 * Scottish Natural Heritage
 * The Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park Authority
 * The Macaulay Institute

The department also worked with Scottish Water.


text:
Talk:Philosophical realism

Terminology
Coming from critical theory, this terminology is very confusing. We use the term "realist" for people who say literature should depict particular real-world instances rather than abstract universals. We use the term "idealist" for the Platonists who say you should depict universals. The two terms are in some respects the reverse of how they're used here, even though they're based on the same ancient writings. Probably this difference in terminology should be mentioned somewhere. Philgoetz (talk) 05:58, 23 October 2015 (UTC)

Straightforwardness
-- "Despite the straightforwardness of the realist position, there has been a lot of debate about what is real and what is meant by the term 'real'."

I find this statement very humorous, seeing that realism is defined by having beliefs that correspond to 'reality' or 'real life', and is constantly redefined by new observations about life by living people. Therefore, wouldn't the definition of the word 'real' always be under constant redefinition due to the fact that there are constantly new observations being made by those people?

This is the reciprocal relationship that I admire about realism - those who follow it seek to define the self and the world through an ever-maturing and self-critical self-awareness. 69.138.62.148 20:32, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

philosophy's not really about life as we know it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.70.50.117 (talk) 06:08, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

The Chinese "realists" (fa-jia) deny the utility of "knowledge", advocating Tao and rules (fa).FourLights (talk) 21:40, 22 November 2015 (UTC)
 * "Legalists were political realists who sought to attain a “rich state with powerful army” and to ensure domestic stability in an age marked by intense inter- and intra-state competition." -- That doesn't sound anything like Philosophical realism. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Blue Mist 1 (talk • contribs) 23:08, 22 November 2015 (UTC)

In physics
I added a section on realism in physics, in part because some of the articles in quantum mechanics point at this page. I hope the addition of such a section is not objectionable. Please note that the QM debate is very different than scientific realism, which is an unrelated idea. linas 15:19, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

hello, just a casual reader ... don't really know the formalism of the discussion pages, so I hope I'm not being rude or disruptive. A small but significant point is that Bell's theorem does not prove local realist theories are impossible. It gives an experimentally testable consequence of a theory being local and real. Quantum mechanics has so far failed this test (and therefore seems to be either non-local, or not real). But the accuracy of these experiments is still debated. While quite convincing, Bell's theorem is far from a proof 205.211.160.1 (talk) 18:57, 21 April 2008 (UTC)Daniel

Realist Philosophers?
Can someone add a list of prominent realist philosophers or links to their wikipedia pages? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.7.7.199 (talk) 06:10, 25 January 2007 (UTC).

It might be possible to give a list of some philosophers who have been prominent in the realist-antirealist debate (on the realist side), but it would need to be made clear that, at least as far as contemporary analytic philosophy is concerned, most philosophers can be considered realists. It would be possible to give a list of prominent anti-realists, but this might be better off on a different page. Many use the term, but without a univocal definition, this is an amorphous category.Willg1000 18:53, 22 August 2007 (UTC)

cite-ism
Just noticed a typical example of cite-ism: "It can also be argued that the 'realism' of physics is a much more specific notion than general philosophical realism." It not only can argued, but it is predominant view of those working in this area. But it is backed up by cite of Travis Norsen, someone who for good reason not even is important enough to a Wikipedia article. Without further knowledge, a reader knowing Norsen, but not the current discussions in philosophy of physics would be inclined to believe, that it is a fringe view in this area... --Pjacobi 07:40, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Who Won?
"This particular dispute over realism is largely moot in contemporary philosophy, and has been for centuries." The dispute in question (between realism, nominalism and conceptualism in regards to Universals) has been rendered moot, it would appear. Unfortunately, the reader is left to decide for him/herself just which of those three came out on top. Perhaps the author would deign to enlighten we poor lesser beings?

In all seriousness, while I get the impression this is quite obvious to those more familiar with the standard presentation of philosophy, shouldn't the implied answer be made explicit in an encyclopedia context? Cyclone77 (talk) 23:29, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

sorry about the double edit. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.70.50.117 (talk) 06:03, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

Contention with postmodernism?
"In recent times, debates concerning realism have become quite contentious due mostly in part to the influence of postmodernism"

Perhaps this can be explained in more detail in a section. What exactly are the relevant issues here? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.94.240.178 (talk) 11:41, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

Realism in religion section
Hello, i have just added a short "realism in religion" section because i had previously linked to this article's page while working on improving the Church of Reality page. As far as i know, the Church of Reality is the only religion founded upon the principles of philosophical realism -- but i would love to hear of any others, if known, with an eye toward including them in Wikipedia as well. Thanks! catherine yronwode, not logged in, and therefore posting as "64" 64.142.90.33 (talk) 18:43, 24 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Is this an "owned" article? The one-paragraph "Realism in religion" section was summarily deleted 2 days after being written with no explanatory edit-comment and with no discussion here. That is not standard operating policy for an open-source encyclopedia, in my experience. I am reinserting the section. If someone has a problem with it, they ought to discuss it here. Thanks! catherine yronwode, not logged in, and therefore posting as "64" 64.142.90.33 (talk) 15:57, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I've deleted this a second time, as the Church of Reality is off-topic, and would receive undue weight to be included here. Aryder779 (talk) 20:50, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

Metaphysical realism
There are many forms of realism: "metaphysical" is just one of them, is a technical term, not to be used in the introduction. --Gazal Cotre (talk) 17:22, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

"Realism is contrasted with idealism"
Not necessarily, many forms of ontological idealism are compatible with realism. I'd suggest removing this, too general. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.243.191.105 (talk) 20:58, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was not moved. --BDD (talk) 17:43, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

Philosophical realism → Realism – As was mentioned on the Realism talk page back in 2011 (without subsequent comment), the Realism article as it currently stands is halfway between a disambiguation page and an article, listing different definitions of the word "realism" and devoting a section to each. Such articles are prohibited by our disambiguation page guidelines; besides, we already have a "Realism" disambiguation page located at Realism (disambiguation). "Philosophical realism", which is most commonly simply called "Realism", is the general concept that encompasses scientific realism and realism in the arts. This article (Philosophical realism) is already recognized to be the parent article for Scientific realism (ie. that article is summarized in a subsection of this article).

To clarify:

 * "Philosophical" realism - the belief that an objective reality exists apart from subjective experience
 * Scientific realism - the attempt to study the objective reality that is philosophically believed to exist apart from subjective experience
 * Realism in the arts - the attempt to visually depict the objective reality that is philosophically believed to exist apart from subjective experience

As such, Philosophical realism should be moved Realism both 1) to recognize the philosophical concept as being the overarching and primary concept, and 2) to get rid of the half-article, half-disambiguation-page that currently exists at Realism. Neelix (talk) 18:02, 20 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Oppose I don't see how this is the primary topic, you haven't provided any evidence of that. To most people it'd be realism in the arts. To the science oriented, it'd be scientific realism. If anything your position supports moving the disambiguation page to the prime location. You're couching your argument in terms of the philosophical concept. Philosophy itself is just a psychological construct. If anything scientific realism, then is the primary form of realism. -- 65.92.180.137 (talk) 22:46, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
 * oppose not the primary topic, would support the prime location as a disambiguation page.·ʍaunus·snunɐw· 23:49, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose no way this is primary, and to say ""Philosophical realism", which is most commonly simply called "Realism", is the general concept that encompasses scientific realism and realism in the arts" is frankly rubbish, especially given that there are several different meanings attached to the term in the arts (something, unfortunately, that you won't find covered in our articles). Johnbod (talk) 00:38, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose Although a sufficiently diverse and even contentious term in philosophy (just look at the series of discussions further up this talk page), science and the arts each have as much claim to the basic term, and the arts, at least, have just as much diversity and contention (as Johnbod rightly points out). A disambiguation page is the right place for any core term that is as equally divided over several fields as this one is.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 01:49, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
 * In all wikis but Engish "realism" is marked as a dab page. IMHO the only required change is to convert a pseudo-article realism to an explicit disambiguation. Don’t move anything. Incnis Mrsi (talk) 10:09, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Additional comment. I have now added somewhat to Realism (arts), which I hope will help explain why the statement in the nom: "Realism in the arts - the attempt to visually depict the objective reality that is philosophically believed to exist apart from subjective experience" is just not correct. In addition that is dealing only with visual art ("visually depict") and possibly theatre, while "realism" is also a key term in literature, especially for the novel. Johnbod (talk) 10:42, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose, but realism should probably be a disambiguation page. Srnec (talk) 22:10, 23 February 2013 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

From the article: "realism is contrasted with idealism."
No, it is not. There is nothing about idealism that is opposed to the realism. But it seems implicit that realism+idealism=theism, whereas anti-realism+idealism=solipsism. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:30A:2E24:AA0:5194:7E86:698E:DD8C (talk) 18:30, 1 April 2015 (UTC)

Scientific realism and analytical philosophy
"Analytical philosophers generally have a commitment to scientific realism, in the sense of regarding the scientific method as a reliable guide to the nature of reality." This sentence should be removed. As almost any claim about what analytical philosophers are committed to, this is far to general. Many analytical philosophers, like philosophers specialized in ethics or philosophy of language, may not commit to any view on these questions. And there are many analytical philosophers of science who would clearly disagree. For instance, I don't think neither Carnap, Quine nor Kuhn would agree that science discovers "the nature of reality". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.0.218.180 (talk) 13:11, 5 July 2018 (UTC)

Philosophical realism/metaphysics is about attitudes
Changed lead sentence from about metaphysics to about attitudes with a reference. Arnlodg (talk) 21:02, 2 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Philosophical realism


text:
Franck Songo'o

Franck Steve Songo'o (born 14 May 1987) is a Cameroonian retired professional footballer who played as either a forward or midfielder. His senior career had been spent primarily in the English and Spanish football league systems, and has also been capped for the Cameroon national team.

Early career
Born in the Cameroonian capital, Yaoundé, Songo'o began his youth footballing career at Spanish club Deportivo de La Coruña. Franck's father, Jacques, played for Deportivo's senior club and was part of the squad that won the 1999–2000 La Liga championship. At Deportivo, Franck was spotted by Spanish club FC Barcelona. He spent several years at Barcelona's youth facility centre, La Masia, alongside future stars Lionel Messi, Cesc Fàbregas, and Gerard Piqué. Although Songo'o did not make an immediate impact on Barça's first team, he impressed other clubs, drawing interest from the Premier League.

Portsmouth
On 31 August 2005, Songo'o signed for Portsmouth for a fee of £250,000. He made two appearances for Portsmouth in the 2005–2006 season. After several loan spells, on 13 January 2008, he made his third and final Premier League appearance for Portsmouth as a second-half substitute for Arnold Mvuemba against Sunderland while a number of Portsmouth's first eleven were away at the African Cup of Nations in Ghana. He was then loaned out again to Sheffield Wednesday and left England at the end of the season.

Loan spells
On 20 October 2006, Songo'o joined League 1 side AFC Bournemouth on a one-month loan but failed to make an impact. On 8 March 2007, he signed with Championship club Preston North End on loan until the end of the season.

He became Neil Warnock's first signing at Crystal Palace at the end of October 2007, returning to Portsmouth in the new year.

On 7 March 2008, Songo'o joined Championship side Sheffield Wednesday on an initial one-month loan deal from his parent club. Whilst making his debut for Sheffield Wednesday he showed his wealth of trickery as he performed the rainbow kick skill to bypass two QPR defenders in the last minute of the game. He scored his first goal in English football for Wednesday, scoring a late equaliser against Stoke City.

Spain
In the summer of 2008, Songo'o joined Spanish side Real Zaragoza, where he was given the number 11 shirt. Zaragoza played well in the 2008–09 Segunda División and were promoted to La Liga. Songo'o played limited minutes for Zaragoza in the top flight and was loaned to Segunda División side Real Sociedad.

On 6 September 2010, Zaragoza terminated Songo'o's contract. He then signed for another Segunda División club, Albacete. Songo'o only made six first-team appearances for Albacete, and when the club was relegated at the end of the 2011 season, he was released.

Portland Timbers
In January and February 2012, Songo'o practiced and played as a trialist with the Portland Timbers of Major League Soccer. After assisting on four goals in four preseason games, Songo'o was signed to a contract by the Timbers on 16 February 2012. Songo'o was waived by Portland on 27 February 2013.

Greece
After a short spell with Glyfada in the Football League South, Songo'o signed for Superleague outfit PAS Giannina on 1 January 2014.

France U-19
Although he was born in Cameroon, he has represented the French under-19 international team.

Cameroon national team
In 2008 Songo'o applied to FIFA for a change in nationality to allow him to play in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The request was granted, and Songo'o was named in the Cameroon national squad for the games. He earned his first cap for Cameroon in the 2010 World Cup Qualifiers match against Cape Verde on 6 September 2008.

In November 2012, Songo'o was called up for the first time in four years. He came on as a second-half substitute in a friendly against Albania on 14 November 2012.

Personal life
The Songo'o family has raised many footballers. Franck is the son of former Cameroonian national team goalkeeper Jacques Songo'o, who featured for Spanish side Deportivo La Coruña in the late 1990s and early 2000s. His brother, Yann Songo'o, was formerly on the books of Blackburn Rovers. Near the end of his playing career it was reported that Franck Songo'o was becoming involved with several businesses in A Coruña owned by his father.

title: Franck Songo'o


text: User talk:206.13.48.3

title: User talk:206.13.48.3


text:
Carlos Sylvestre Begnis

Carlos Sylvestre Begnis (30 August 1903 – 22 September 1980) was a medical doctor and politician, born in Alto Grande, a village near Bell Ville, Córdoba province in Argentina. He was a rural physician and worked as a surgeon in hospitals of the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe.

He entered politics through the Radical Civic Union. In 1958 he was elected governor of Santa Fe, following a period of de facto military rule (after the Revolución Libertadora, which had ousted president Juan Perón three years before). He became a part of the Intransigent Radical Civic Union (UCRI), and then formed part of the leadership of the Movement for Integration and Development (MID). His term was ended by a federal intervention.

In the 1970s, Sylvestre Begnis moved to the Justicialist Party (Peronism), and was elected governor again in 1973 (Argentina had just emerged from seven years of military dictatorship). The Hernandarias Subfluvial Tunnel, which joins Santa Fe and Entre Ríos under the Paraná River, was built during his administration, and then officially renamed after him and Entre Ríos governor Raúl Uranga. The Brigadier Estanislao López Highway, linking Rosario and Santa Fe (the two largest cities in the province), was also built at this time. Sylvestre Begnis followed the policies of desarrollismo, sponsored by the national government of president Arturo Frondizi, devoting a large share of the provincial budget to public works (schools, roads, electric power lines, hydraulic works).

Sylvestre Begnis again could not complete his term, being removed from office in 1976 as a result of the military coup that started the dictatorship of the National Reorganization Process. He died of acute leukemia in 1980, at the age of 77.

His son Juan Héctor, also a politician, was a candidate for vice governor and served the Justicialist government of Jorge Obeid as Minister of Health, and is a national deputy for the Front for Victory. He chairs the Health Committee of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies. In 2007 he campaigned to be mayor of Rosario.

title: Carlos Sylvestre Begnis


text:
Picture This (novel)

Picture This is a 1988 novel from Joseph Heller, the satiric author of the acclaimed Catch-22. It is his fifth novel.

Plot
The novel is an eclectic historical journey across multiple periods of history, all connected by a single painting: Rembrandt van Rijn's Aristotle Contemplating a Bust of Homer. The work jumps from the golden age of Athens, to 17th Century Holland, to the rise of the American Empire; hopscotching from Aristotle, to Rembrandt, to Socrates, and back to Heller and even Jimmy Carter. It examines fundamental dichotomies in human existence under the guise of satire.

Major themes
Heller concludes that we do not learn from history (and in fact so much of history may be nonfactual that learning may be impossible). Being a pessimist chronicler of the American Century, his main unspoken theme is of course parallels between the onetime Hellenic overlord respective the onetime ruler of the seas, and his home country.

This is most apparent in his treatment of the peak and downfall of Athens, when after the victory over Persia, Athens formed the Delian League, and got embroiled in the Peloponnesian War. Heller describes a beacon of democracy that destroys its own greatest advances or transforms them into tools of abuse, turns on its own allies just to demonstrate its power, and loses to weaker enemies due to self-deception.

title: Picture This (novel)


text: User talk:68.62.105.138

title: User talk:68.62.105.138


text:
Talk:1949 West German federal election

Fewer seats of cummunist party deputies
Why did the Communists get fewer seats than their list votes seemingly entitle them to? --Jfruh 20:14, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Are you sure they did? Maybe the other parties who got less just won more seats through direct election of candidates.

Suffrage
Hey, does anyobody know if these elections were far elections by all civilians of Germany? - PietervHuis (talk) 20:30, 10 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I guess only german citicens are (has been) entitled to vote. Maybe someone has some sources to verify that aspect. --Angerdan (talk) 13:16, 20 February 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on West German federal election, 1949. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120506121421/http://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/de/bundestagswahlen/fruehere_bundestagswahlen/btw1949.html to http://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/de/bundestagswahlen/fruehere_bundestagswahlen/btw1949.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130908155054/http://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/glossar/texte/Wahlbeteiligung.html to http://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/glossar/texte/Wahlbeteiligung.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:37, 25 December 2017 (UTC)

Chapter Post election (west berlin votes)
"Adenauer had ensured that the votes of the predominantly Social Democrat West Berlin deputies did not count and later stated that he "naturally" had voted for himself." No source for the first part of the above sentence. I'd check the later added source, which seems to apply only to the second part of the sentence. The edit of adding the quote was from an IP: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_German_federal_election,_1949&diff=next&oldid=436558146 Any ideas, suggestions or informations? --Angerdan (talk) 13:16, 20 February 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 00:38, 3 June 2020 (UTC)
 * K.Schumacher.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:06, 29 January 2021 (UTC)
 * K.Schumacher.jpg

title: Talk:1949 West German federal election


text: Talk:University of Alabama in Huntsville


text:
Talk:Ovation

Can anyone confirm that the ovation was specifically so called because a sheep was sacrificed in gratitude, while in the triumph a bull was sacrificed? J S Ayer 20:16, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The ancient historian Plutarch says this: "it was customary for the generals in the greater triumphs to sacrifice an ox, and in the less a sheep, in Latin Ovis, whence the word 'ovation'." Some other ancient historians agreed, and some claimed it was related to a Greek word "euasmos" meaning to cry "eua!".  The modern historian Mary Beard denounces Plutarch's explaination as "deperately unconvincing", but in truth the only evidence about this matter are these two ancient written explanations.  Beard may simply be offended by the idea of animal sacrifice. DonPMitchell (talk) 05:15, 1 January 2012 (UTC)

Beard (2007) confirms that it wasn't. It's a spurious, though common and ancient folk-etymology whose counterpart is the equally ingenious attempt to provide "bull" as an etymology for Triumph. No pun intended, and yes, this is a rather late response to your query.

I'm always surprised and disappointed at the lack of references and citations in Roman History articles. I guess I'd better do something about this one, but am going to begin offsite then replace everything here, once I've done with the Roman Triumph copyedit. Haploidavey (talk) 01:48, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ovation


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Restaurant Guide of San Luis Obispo

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE.  Rob e  rt  17:10, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Restaurant Guide of San Luis Obispo
WP is not a restaurant guide. feydey 20:18, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. Quale 20:54, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a travel guide.   [  +t,  +c ,  +m  ] 20:55, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:68.61.19.26

title: User talk:68.61.19.26


text:
The Gospel Magazine

The Gospel Magazine is a Calvinist, evangelical Christian magazine from the United Kingdom, and is one of the longest running of such periodicals, having been founded in 1766. Most of the editors have been Anglicans. It is now published bi-monthly.

A number of well-known hymns, including Augustus Montague Toplady's Rock of Ages, first appeared in the Gospel Magazine. Toplady, sponsored by Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, used the magazine to attack John Wesley. Other contributors included John Newton, the organist William Shrubsole (1760–1806), the hymn writer Daniel Turner (1710–98) and (at a later date) the particular Baptist minister John Andrew Jones (1779–1868).

The Gospel Magazine Trust is currently working to scan their extant copies—going back 240 years—and upload them onto the website.

List of editors

 * 1766–1774: Joseph Gurney (died 1815)
 * 1774–1775 & 1776: William Mason (1719–1791)
 * December 1775–June 1776: Augustus Montague Toplady
 * 1776–1805: Erasmus Middleton (1739–1805)

Some time between 1783 and 1796 the Gospel Magazine was suspended for a period, and a magazine called the New Spiritual Magazine was produced.

 * 1796–1838: Walter Row, a personal friend of Toplady
 * 1839–1840: Bagnall Baker, a High Anglican (but not Anglo-Catholic)
 * June 1840–1893: David Alfred Doudney (1811–1893)
 * 1893–1894: George Cowell
 * 1895–1916: James Ormiston, rector of St Mary le Port Church, Bristol
 * 1916–1951: Thomas Houghton
 * 1951–1964: William Dodgson Sykes
 * 1964–1975: Herbert M. Carson (died 2004)
 * 1976–1981: John Tallach, then Free Presbyterian minister in Kinlochbervie, later Church of Scotland minister in Cromarty until 2011
 * 1981–2000: Maurice Handford
 * 2000–2013: Edward Malcolm
 * 2014–present: Edward J. Malcolm

title: The Gospel Magazine


text:
Talk:Cross-quarter day

Dates of the Solstices and Equinoxes
[|The US Naval Obseravtory publishes "the" national standard data for the dates and times of the solstices and equinoxes. The times given there are in UT (Universal Time -similar to GMT) so they read 5 hours ahead of what clocks are reading in the US's Eastern Standard Time or 4 hours during Eastern Daylight Saving Time. Neopagan publications have been mis-stating the dates of the solstices and equinoxes for generations now, probably just by copying from each other and being befuddled by the seemingly ambiguous dates they find when referencing the astronomical data. The following values represent the actual/correct dates based on USA time (EST/EDT).

MARCH EQUINOX: usually March 20th; occasionally the 21st; NEVER the 24th or 25th...

JUNE SOLSTICE: usually June 21st; occasionally the 20th...

SEPTEMBER EQUINOX: usually Sept. 23rd; occasionally the 22nd; NEVER (never) the 20th, 21st 24th, 25th...

DECEMBER SOLSTICE: usually Dec. 21st; occasionally the 22nd

Earrach

--- August 1 hardly marks the start of autumn so I would say these are all shifted by a season!

--

Yes, indeed. Cross-Quarter Days mark the middle of the seasons. It is the Quarter days (solstices and equinoxes) which mark the beginnings of seasons.

 * Cross-quarter days mark the start of traditional seasons, but the middle of astronomical seasons. November, for example, is the start of traditional winter, but in the middle of astronomical autumn.  Which makes more sense depends on what part of the world you're in---in some parts of the world it makes sense for November to be mid-autumn, while in other parts of the world, November is decidedly wintry. --Delirium 09:22, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

---

Thinking of the cross-quarters as the midpoints of seasons is a bit misleading as well. The reason is that it insinuates 1 1/2 months of seasonal temperature lag, while most northern temperate climates have only about 1 month. And in some climates (like the West Coast), winter lag is MUCH shorter than summer lag.

I've found a nifty way to split the difference, though. I like to think of the period between a quarter and a cross-quarter as a "High Season," while the period between a cross-quarter and quarter is a transitional season. Not only does this system give you a better approximation of seasonal lag; it also acknowledges the fact that the four primary seasons tend to overlap. The period between Groundhog Day and the March equinox, for example, is a transitional period between winter and spring. Karlbonner1982 (talk) 07:02, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

British Isles part of northern Europe?
Looking at the article Northern Europe it seems the definition is ambiguous: the British Isles may or may not be included. I think it's worth emphasising that they are included, since the term "cross-quarter day" is a British term, and many Brits would think of countries like Sweden, Finland and Norway when reading the article as it currently stands, and might assume that the cross-quarter days are purely an imported concept. While the UK and Ireland are now part of the EU, they have long been considered somewhat separate from Europe, or "the Continent". Do you mind if I add those four words back? Fuzzypeg★ 22:29, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Maybe it would be better to list the countries - removes any ambiguity... Bardcom (talk) 23:44, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I just added back British Isles, and suddenly realised that actually wasn't what you meant. ("British Isles" isn't a country!) If you want to list individual countries I'd be happy with that. And feel free to revert me if you wish until we sort out what wording we want. I wasn't trying to be pushy... honest. Fuzzypeg★ 22:15, 17 April 2008 (UTC)
 * No worries - there's no panic or hurry on this. If you look at the wikipedia article on Northern Europe, you can see that it does include the British Isles, etc.  If we agree to list the countries instead, what about the list of Sweden, Norway, Finland, United Kingdom (or British Islands), and Ireland.  Have I missed anybody? Bardcom (talk) 23:06, 17 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I don't agree with this change. British Isles and Scandinavia is more succinct and reads better. I'll revert this until we have wider discussion. 86.27.230.177 (talk) 21:08, 27 April 2008 (UTC)
 * The consensus here was to list the individual countries. If you wish to suggest anything different, carry out the discussion first, test for a new consensus, then make your change. In the meantime, I've reverted. --Bardcom (talk) 21:38, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

I'm happy with individual countries as suggested by Bardcom. Is Iceland in the list? (I honestly don't know.) Is Iceland part of Scandinavia? Listing individual countries avoids any confusion. Fuzzypeg★ 22:15, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Europe/Mediterranean have different seasons to North America
Because of the Gulf Stream, Europe and the Mediterranean have seasons advanced by 45 days compared to North America. For North America, December 21 marks the beginning of winter and only on March 20 does the grip of freezing relax and do Pasque flowers - the first flowers of Spring - pop out of the snow. This happens in Europe and the Mediterranean around in February, around cross quarter day. So for Europe December 21 is mid-winter's day, in reality, not simply by convention. In the Mediterranean the observation of winter is even more profound - the rainy season is November through February. Astronomically the European Calendar makes more sense. December 21 marks the low light point and the middle of winter defined as the season of shortest days. Oneye1i (talk) 03:14, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

One also needs to remember that even in North America, there is a vast difference in seasonal weather in various locations. For example, growing up in the Midwest (Indiana specifically) spring weather didn't really begin to be consistent until late March, with periods of warmer weather followed by a bitter cold snap in early March at times. In fact the last time I was in Indiana was 23 March 2008. I'd arrived in Indiana on 20 March 2008 to weather that was sunny and warm. On Easter Sunday, I was in church and my then 6 year old son along with my best friend's son who was then 9 were a few rows away from us. I remember that going into church around 8am that the weather was chilly and overcast. But I did not expect what happened sometime between 10:30 and 11am. I looked out the window and saw snow falling. I was a bit worried my son would look out the window and in his excitement over seeing it snow (a rare occurrence in coastal South Carolina) would interrupt the service. In SC that day, the weather was sunny, and had a low of 46 and a high of 61 with no precipitation at all. In Indiana, the low was 25, the high was only 41. and there was snow(a small amount at .01 in). These two locations are separated by approx. 775 miles. 174.107.155.28 (talk) 02:03, 10 June 2013 (UTC)

The day begins at sundown also not convention
That day begins at sundown - as it still does in the Jewish (Babylonian) Calendar - is not convention. It comes from the lunar calendar. The recurring event that is methodically and ritually observed is the first sliver of crescent moon in the West just after sundown, marking the New Month. If the month begins at sundown, then the day - which is a part of the month - must as well. Oneye1i (talk) 03:16, 2 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Are you proposing a change to the article? Itsmejudith (talk) 10:00, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

1. Propose change "since traditionally the new day was considered to begin in the previous night" and replace with "since in the lunar calendar days begin at sundown (since the new moon/month begins at sundown, marked by astronomical observation of the first sliver crescent in the west at sundown)." 2. I am a little unsure how to proceed with this one. All the holidays (holydays) listed are European, so we have a European POV (which is ok so long as it is acknowledged, but the reason is the whole concept). The concept of cross quarter days comes from Europe since something observable happens then - the season changes. We in North America do not observe season changes at cross quarter days, but on equinoxes/solstices, which are solar astronomic events. Even people keeping a lunar calendar do not ignore the sun - solar events are critical. In Europe, the solar events mark mid-season. The Gulf Stream advances European seasons by (approx.) 45 days, and that makes the difference. The Mediterranean region observes the rainy season begin and end around the cross quarter day (Nov-Feb). There is not observable astronomic event on cross quarter days that I am aware of. ... So please someone a little less neophyte than I integrate this! Oneye1i (talk) 23:14, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cross-quarter day


text:
Talk:Dodge City, Kansas

Flag
A new flag was just adopted as of April 7, 2021. If someone could create a vector version and upload it, that would be great! HapHaxion (talk / contribs) 05:28, 19 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dodge City, Kansas


text: User talk:216.186.99.131

title: User talk:216.186.99.131


text:
Talk:Airborne wind turbine

Untitled
This concept seems pretty flakey to me. I've split this out from the Wind power article because that article is already too long, and this idea was allocated equal space with onshore and offshore installations, both of which are widely practiced. If this concept is anything other than a crackpot idea, I'd like to see this article fleshed out to answer several questions:

 * If the rotor blades are also used as a lift mechanism, then the thing is a helicopter. :I agree. If the tether breaks or there is no wind, the FEG = flying electric generator descends slowly as an autogyro without power. Typically only minor damage occurs when it lands. What is the steering mechanism? :ordinary GPS = global positioning service plus a computer which makes most of the decisions. Ground operators can also pilot by radio control.
 * Are counter-rotating turbines used? If not, what cancels the rotor torque? :The 15,000 foot model will have two rotors spaced a bit more than two rotor radius apart. The later model will have 4 or more rotors spaced a bit more than a rotor radius apart.
 * Are winds aloft any less variable than low altitude winds? Why?
 * I believe they are very much so. They're driven by global patterns rather than local factors.  For example, the equator is always much warmer than the poles, so the basic Hadley cell is always there. dsws 15:57, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree, but much larger scale and typically faster wind. When the wind aloft shifts, The FEG will tyically find a new arrangement that works favorably in about one minute.

 * Identify any patents on this idea, companies/research groups pursuing it, and test articles or prototypes.
 * see www.skywindpower.com

Iain McClatchie 20:20, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd also like to know how much 30,000 feet of wire weigh.:#20 aluminum wire is 930 pounds per 1000 feet and 17.6 ohms per 1000 feet = one million ohms for 60,000 feet. We need two conductors very well insulated from each other. (Three conductors for 3phase ac) If the FEG produces 400,000 volts at 1/5th amp, half the energy is line loss. The wire gets warm, but not hot, which helps keep the the tether dry and ice free.  Wouldn't that weigh the thing down, so it would be spending all it's energy to get lift up? Sometimes altitude will lost, but typically altitude will be regained as conditions improve. Reduced power will be delivered briefly and rarely. The 30,000 foot tether will weigh at least 30 tons, unless we develop superconductors and/or CNT = carbon nano tubes for strength and/or think less than 1/5 amp. More than 400,000 volts is likely impractical and well into decreasing returns.

 * Does it get lift from wind blowing over its wings?  Or by rotors?
 * www.skywindpower is thinking rotors, but likely wings are possible

I tried contacting the company via their email form, but have not yet heard back.
 * my guess is neither company has yet found the extensive funding needed yet, so they are stretch thin for man hours. NeilCcpoodle 12:46, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

A much simpler approach is to have a tethered controllable airfoil. The kite might look like a paraglider or like a glider.[ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Img20040730_0302_at_neustift.jpg paraglider ] The angle of attack control could be via radio, via a conductors in the tether or by an on board computer. Changing its angle of attack in a periodic way would produce a periodic variation in the tension on the tether. This alternating tension could be rectified by a spring and crank apparatus on the ground.

For example, consider 0 to 1000 KG (10,000 N) at 6 cycles /minute along a 500 meter tether. Wire rope is rated at about 1550 N/mm^2 so the wire rope would weigh about 32KG

The sole role of tether (other than optionally carrying some light communication wire) is carrying the kite's wind driven tension. The tether material selection criterion is maximum strength and durability at minimum weight.

The advantage of this scheme is that all the heavy apparatus on is on the ground and only the functional airfoil and light aerodynamic controls are aloft. A lighter kite means that it converts wind into usable energy more efficiently. It can also pull a longer tether and thus reach higher altitudes where winds are steadier and stronger. It can be lofted at lower ground wind speeds and if it comes down to the ground it is less likely to cause serious damage. The kite should be designed to maximize lift at minimum weight subject to durability.

The ground base for the tether has a reel, crankshaft and generator. and can have a fairly small footprint. It would have to be anchored to withstand the peak tether stresses. Many ground bases and kites could be scattered fairly densely over a region.

With more sophisticated controls to avoid kite collisions (and tether tangles) one could have multiple (two in tandem seems reasonable, perhaps more on the same tether at different altitudes) kites tethered to the same ground station. Lou (talk) 20:01, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

What's wrong with airborne systems?
You know, every one of these guys has a Web site and a place for investors to dump in their money...but no other coverage on the Web. If it's such a great idea, how is it that no-one is actually using it? All the deadlines keep moving away at the rate of 1 year per year. --Wtshymanski (talk) 18:56, 3 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Over 85 entities: www.AirborneWindEnergyAssociation.org  Joefaust (talk) 18:02, 1 July 2010 (UTC)

http://energykitesystems.net/AWEstakeholders/index.html inidicates that our article is way behind in posting entities active in this new field. 68.123.232.10 (talk) 20:51, 28 February 2017 (UTC)
 * It's a fan site. There were Web sites back in 2009, too. Web sites are easier to build than airborne turbines. Does anyone have any shovels in the ground? --Wtshymanski (talk) 22:45, 28 February 2017 (UTC)

Where is the generator: on ground or onboard in air?
The article's title ought not force the generator to be in the kite; the turbine could be causing oscillations that drive the kite left and right of the wind window to drive railed or oscillating mechanisms for generating electricity on the ground. Ground-based generators means that the mass of the generator need not be lifted to altitude...leaving the kite to flying job only. There are many methods being explored other than the one seemingly being featured in the article so far. There are speciawl reel methods, rail-car methods, line payout-payin methods,.. EnergyKiteSystems.net is an open-source site gathering all of the methods of airborne wind turines, kite motors, kite generators. When the generator is on land or in the water, then large opportunities seem to be opening. Joefaust (talk) 23:36, 6 February 2009 (UTC)
 * The one scheme that hasn't been floated yet is using an airborne wind turbine to automatically manufacture AA batteries and tiny parachutes, as a method of transporting energy to the ground. That scheme is only a little further away than the ones with flying wires or pull-ropes (let alone lasers or microwave beams). --Wtshymanski (talk) 21:53, 21 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Actually, the industry has been discussing charging batteries aloft and then bringing down the charged batteries in exhcange for further batteries to be charged. Further: a patent teaches the flow of chemicals up and down with changes in the chemicals aloft; the down-going chemicals are bonded to store energy to be opened later. Similarly, the sending down compressed air has been being examined for various ground works: energy storage, drying of harvested food, space air conditioning, etc.  Joefaust (talk) 18:09, 1 July 2010 (UTC)

DO NOT merge High Altitude Wind Power to this article
Many reasons: The two articles are not one and the same. Many HAWP devices are not airborne turbines. So do not merge the article. There are many airborne wind turbines operated in very very low altitudes and even at below sea level. So do not merge the two articles. There is non-empty intersection, but poor coverage will occur if merge is forced.Joefaust (talk)
 * Well then maybe this article should merge to High Altitude Wind Power, though it will have to lose the capitals and we must find some evidence that the phrase exists in the world outside Wikipedia. I don't think tehre will ever be enough content to justify a plethora of articles because no-one is actually building anything; looking at some of the patents cited over at the other article, it's cheaper to file a patent than to hire a draftsman. --Wtshymanski (talk) 17:16, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

Magenn Air Rotor System SOLD to USA company.
This Canadian inovation has been shipped to a US company that bought all competing Airborn Wind Turbine inventions. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tunafishes (talk • contribs) 04:41, 25 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Reference? Newpaper article, magzine article, number of the bus on which you overheard a conversation? --Wtshymanski (talk) 19:57, 6 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Well, their Web page is still up, but hasn't been updated since 2009. 411.ca reverse look up on their phone number gives nothing. And a Google search on 105 Schneider Road, Kanata Ontario shows a kickboxing academy and a self-storage site. No news on Google, though. They're gone. --Wtshymanski (talk) 20:22, 6 December 2010 (UTC)

Working prototype
Some company demonstrated a working prototype of one of these at 350 feet. Could someone who understands wind energy better than I do update the article? 140.247.154.41 (talk) 20:48, 1 May 2012 (UTC)

would this work of mine be considered appropriate here? http://www.instructables.com/id/Enjoy-a-nice-cup-of-kite-powered-tea/  RoderickRead (talk) 07:22, 1 August 2015 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Airborne wind turbine. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140202102652/http://www.cleantech.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Uwe_Ahrens_NTS.pdf to http://www.cleantech.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Uwe_Ahrens_NTS.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140202102649/http://www.cleantech.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/NTS-Airborne-Executive-Summary.pdf to http://www.cleantech.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/NTS-Airborne-Executive-Summary.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081211041521/http://www.magenn.com/ to http://www.magenn.com/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140502131742/http://www.awelabs.com/why-airborne-wind-energy/ to http://www.awelabs.com/why-airborne-wind-energy/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:32, 25 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Airborne wind turbine