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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Writing articles

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 03:40, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Writing articles
Non-notable university student organisation (Filipino American Student Association at Virginia Tech)? --Mysidia (talk) 03:18, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as nn. Way to have a title with nothing to do with your content. --CastAStone 03:46, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom.  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  06:25, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom, assuming that the topic of the article is the student organization. Student organizations that exist at a single institution are generally non-notable.  I don't know what the article would be like if it really was about "writing articles." --Metropolitan90 06:37, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. utcursch | talk 07:54, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - nn CLW 12:31, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as nonsense, with that title. Eliot 22:26, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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MS Berge Stahl

MS Berge Stahl was a bulk carrier. Until the delivery of MS Vale Brasil in 2011 she was the longest and largest iron ore carrier in the world. She was registered in Comoros. Before that, she was registered in Douglas, Isle of Man, Stavanger, Norway as well as in Monrovia, Liberia.

An iron ore carrier, Berge Stahl had a capacity of. She was built in 1986 by Hyundai Heavy Industries. The vessel was 342.08 m long, had a beam, or width, of 63.5 m, and a draft, or depth in the water, of 23 m.

Her MAN B&W 7L90MCE diesel engine drove a single 9 m propeller giving a top speed of 13.5 kn.

Because of its massive size, Berge Stahl could originally only tie up, fully loaded, at two ports in the world, hauling ore from the Terminal Marítimo de Ponta da Madeira in Brazil to the Europoort near Rotterdam in the Netherlands. Even at these ports, passage must be timed to coincide with high tides to prevent the ship running aground. Berge Stahl made this trip about ten times each year, or a round-trip about every five weeks.

The newly opened deep-water iron ore wharf at Caofeidian in China received the fully loaded Berge Stahl in October 2011, and several other Chinese ports have since opened to receive Vale's even larger Valemax ships. Berge Stahl can operate from other ports if not fully loaded. In September 2006, the ship carried ore to the port of Majishan, China. On the return voyage to Rotterdam, the ship picked up a partial load of ore in Dampier, Western Australia, and Saldanha Bay in South Africa (where the maximum draft permitted is 21 m). In April 2014, the Berge Stahl received her last dry-docking, in Portugal. The owner, Berge Bulk, announced that the thirty-year-old vessel performed her last voyage to Rotterdam in the autumn of 2016. She was then headed for dry dock, where she was refitted before commencing a new contract transporting iron ore from the Port of Tubarão in Brazil to Sohar, Oman.

In July 2021 the ship was beached at Gadani ship-breaking yard and scrapped.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: MS Berge Stahl


text:
Erich Vermehren

Erich Vermehren, also known as Erich Vermeeren de Saventhem or Eric Maria de Saventhem, (23 December 1919 – 28 April 2005) was an ardent anti-Nazi, an agent of the Abwehr, the German military intelligence organization, and later a leading Catholic Traditionalist.

Early life
Vermehren was born in Lübeck to a family of lawyers whose opposition to the Nazi regime was such that they were considered politically unreliable. Erich's repeated refusal to join the Hitler Youth marked him as unfit to "represent German youth", and he was prevented from taking up a Rhodes scholarship at Oxford University; his passport was revoked, making it impossible for him to travel outside Germany.

Vermehren converted to Roman Catholicism in 1939, shortly after his elder sister Isa, when he met the Countess Elisabeth von Plettenberg, a member of one of Germany's leading Catholic families. They married in October 1941. The Plettenbergs were also opposed to Hitler, and clandestinely distributed the banned anti-Nazi Papal encyclical Mit brennender Sorge in 1937. As a result of this, Elisabeth's parents were imprisoned by the Gestapo, but she was able to secure their release after three weeks. In addition, she herself was repeatedly questioned about her "subversive" activities.

As an Abwehr agent
Despite the Vermehrens' unwillingness to openly resist the Nazi regime, they inevitably found themselves in anti-Nazi circles, several of which centered on Vermehren's cousin Adam von Trott zu Solz, and both felt that their lives were at risk while they remained in Germany. Vermehren was excluded from military service due to a childhood injury, but managed to get himself assigned to the Abwehr late in 1943 with the help of Von Trott and Paul Leverkühn, the Abwehr station chief in Istanbul.

At that time, Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, head of the Abwehr, was making peace overtures to the Americans with the help of the German ambassador to Turkey, Franz von Papen, who had been asked to meet Archbishop (later Cardinal) Francis Spellman. Von Papen was a cousin of Elisabeth Vermehren, and as a result of this family tie, Vermehren was assigned to Istanbul as a junior-grade agent after two weeks' training in secret inks. Elisabeth, however, was detained by the Gestapo as a hostage.

Defection
When Vermehren returned to Berlin on leave, the couple agreed they would defect to Britain. So that Elisabeth could travel to Istanbul, she procured an official assignment from the Foreign Office in connection with the Archbishop's visit to Turkey. They travelled by train to Istanbul, but at the border crossing into Bulgaria, Elisabeth was arrested by Gestapo agents and taken to the German embassy in Sofia, though Vermehren was permitted to continue to Istanbul. In Sofia, the ambassador was a family friend who (in cooperation with the Abwehr station chief) sneaked her on board a diplomatic courier plane to Istanbul. Meanwhile, Erich had made overtures to the British Secret Intelligence Service, which already had a file on him, through its counter-espionage representative Nicholas Elliott.

The couple received word that a friend from the Foreign Office, Otto Carl Kiep, had been arrested on 12 January 1944 in connection with his attendance at the Frau Solf Tea Party. The Gestapo summoned them to Berlin in connection with the case, but anticipating what was in store for them, they refused, and defected in early February 1944. In the hope that their families would be protected from Sippenhaft (detention for the crimes of a family member) as a result of their defection, their defection was made to appear to be a kidnapping by the British. The Vermehrens were smuggled to England via İzmir, Aleppo, Cairo and Gibraltar.

British propaganda organisations broke the news of the defection, knowing that it would cause havoc in Germany's intelligence services, especially since the invasion of Western Europe was imminent. It was believed that he had absconded with the Abwehr's secret codes. This was untrue, but according to British records, Vermehren nevertheless gave much valuable information to the Allies about German intelligence operations. Hitler now distrusted the Abwehr and Canaris, and on 18 February 1944 the Abwehr was abolished and its intelligence functions taken over by the SS Security organisation (RSHA), under the jurisdiction of Heinrich Himmler.

Several members of the couple's families were arrested and interned, including Erich's parents, his elder brother Michael and sister Isa Vermehren, and Elisabeth's youngest sister Gisela. All of them survived the war. Isa wrote of her time in prison camps in the book, A Journey through the Final Act: Ravensbrück, Buchenwald, Dachau: A Woman Reports.

In England
The Vermehrens were given accommodation in the South Kensington flat of the mother of Kim Philby, where they provided him with lists of personalities of the Catholic underground in Germany. As these Catholic figures were as equally opposed to Communism as Nazism, Philby, a Soviet spy, handed the list over to his handlers; when the British tried to contact the list of personages at the end of the war, it was found that most of them had been killed. The couple also tried unsuccessfully to persuade the British Foreign Office to allow leading members of the German opposition to help in rebuilding the country. They then asked for their status as "Guests of the Foreign Office" to be annulled and to be left to their own devices. Elisabeth found employment as an assistant teacher in Worth Priory, a preparatory school run by the Benedictine Order while Erich founded a small export company, which had limited success, and later found employment with a firm of brokers with Lloyd's of London. They settled near the Church of the Immaculate Heart of Mary in Brompton Road, and changed their surname to Vermehren de Saventhem for genealogical reasons.

Later years
The de Saventhems settled in Zürich in the 1960s with Erich managing his firm's Swiss subsidiary until he was promoted as Director for Europe in 1964. They then lived in Paris before moving back to Switzerland in 1966. They became active in the Catholic Traditionalist Movement following the Second Vatican Council. Erich was one of the founding members of the Una Voce movement, becoming its first president.

The couple returned to Germany in view of Elisabeth's failing health, and she died there in 2000. Erich died in Bonn in 2005.

Main source

 * Bassett, Richard. "A Lion of the Faith". Obituary of Erich Vermehren de Saventhem in The Independent, 3 May 2005.

title: Erich Vermehren


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Talk:Secess

Why is this a candidate to move to Wiktionary? It's referring to a people (maybe it needs to be reworded as such). An unfortunate example that parallels this that is in the wikipedia is nigger. Not sure why one would be here and the other not.

title: Talk:Secess


text:
Wikipedia talk:Link rot

How to archive YouTube videos on Wikipedia articles
There are several articles on Wikipedia which use YouTube videos as a reference. Since YouTube videos get blocked and/ or deleted frequently, I tried to archive some YouTube videos using Wayback Machine and archive.today but Wayback doesn't let me view the video on the archived webpage and archive.today fails to archive a youtube video every time. Is there any other way to archive youtube videos for preventing link rot on wikipedia articles? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tech2009Girl (talk • contribs) 10:56, 29 January 2022 (UTC)

 * If Wayback doesn't work try https://ghostarchive.org Rlink2 (talk) 14:15, 29 January 2022 (UTC)
 * "Wayback doesn't let me view the video" can you give an example? --  Green  C  16:34, 29 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the help -- User:Tech2009Girl
 * "Doesn't let me view" means that I'm unable to play the video. I'm not saying that the video doesn't even appear. -- User:Tech2009Girl
 * User:Tech2009Girl, can you provide an example? I can report it to IA and they will try to fix. It's a fairly new thing and they need feeback, example links not working. -- Green  C  16:50, 30 January 2022 (UTC)

Alexa.com
Hello, there is a note on alexa.com that it will be retiring on 1 May 2022 See https://support.alexa.com/hc/en-us/articles/4410503838999. We currently have just over 800 links to the site. Keith D (talk) 12:45, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

 * RfC: Reliable_sources/Noticeboard -- Green  C  15:32, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

Finding all articles linking to a dead site?
I found a bunch of references to one dead site, but after poking around, I've found out that all the content is still there, just under a slightly tweaked website name. It's even retained the exact same URL structure as before, it's literally just the precise details of the website's name that's changed -- update that, and the links spring back to life. Is there any way to collect the articles which still cite the old URL, so I can correct them en masse using AWB? Searching the regular way shows me there are about 2.6k articles still using it (although some may have valid archives, which I'd leave untouched), but no easy way to convert that into one grand list for inputting into AWB. Buttons to Push Buttons (talk | contribs) 17:15, 18 May 2022 (UTC)

 * Does advanced search using insource: help in some way? For example, something like this. --Kompik (talk) 21:45, 6 January 2023 (UTC)

CiteSeerX links
I am not sure what would be the right place to ask about this - I have tried here. As far as I can tell, CiteSeerX changed the scheme they're using. For example, Template:CiteSeerX offers 10.1.1.34.2426 as an example. The link is dead, but looking in the Wayback Machine, we can see that it was the paper William D. Harvey, Matthew L. Ginsberg: Limited Discrepancy Search. In the new scheme, pid/efa56b710ff3c6d8b2666971d07c311eeb6c5b40 or pid/d8b76a9af36448b775997ef0a960e4b0fa585beb seem like the most likely candidate. Is there any chance to fix the old links in some other way than checking them one-by-one and replacing them by the new links manually? Is somebody aware of some announcement from CiteSeerX containing some details about the old identifiers and the new ones? --Kompik (talk) 10:27, 6 January 2023 (UTC)

Clicking archive.org link loads a blank page
At 2019 Military World Games, clicking the archive link in the following citation loads a blank archive.org page. Bad snapshot maybe?

What should be done? Is there a way to repair this? Should it be deleted? Marked with something? Thanks. – Novem Linguae (talk) 21:54, 4 April 2023 (UTC)

 * @Novem Linguae theres a hashtag in the link, wayback machine does not support hashtags. Notrealname1234 (talk) 00:31, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
 * The only way (i think) to repair this is to put the link in a another web archiving service (like archive.is) Notrealname1234 (talk) 00:32, 29 May 2023 (UTC)

Archiving hundreds of healthy (live) sources
After asking at the wrong place, I ask here: is there any need for this type of edit? Shouldn't we just archive dead or unfit sources? Unlike the former, this edit actually makes sense because it did rescue sources. What I usually do is to rescue sources manually, this prevents outdated archives, i.e. archived pages that present (very) old information compared to live sources (e.g. a page showing information from 2023 and another showing information from 2015.) SLBedit (talk) 16:13, 7 June 2023 (UTC)

 * Archiving at the time of usage guarantees (in most cases) that we have an archive of the source from when it was used and cited. Once it's been archived once, Archive.org will probably continue to archive it. The worst-case scenario is a source that is used but not archived, and then disappears before it can be archived. Mackensen (talk) 16:44, 7 June 2023 (UTC)
 * The worst case scenario I've seen is where the earliest archive of a source postdates the URL being redirected / usurped. Then there's the appearance of a source with an archive, when in fact there is neither.I ran IABot on Monica Macovei yesterday, after spending hours manually finding archives for dead links that had been damaged in script-assisted editing, just to make sure I had found them all. It tagged zero as dead, so it's the same category edit as the one User:SLBedit linked above. On articles with hundreds of references to web sources, it's tedious to go through and check each manually, and there's no guarantee Internet Archive bot will find any dead URLs, but I always instruct it to archive sources just in case there's no archive yet. Folly Mox (talk) 16:55, 7 June 2023 (UTC)

 * WaybackMachine (archive.org) is dynamic, not a static database. Archives move and disappear, for many reasons. Because of this I wrote a bot called WP:WAYBACKMEDIC. It's verifying archive URLs still work. Example: Special:Diff/952770913/972737706 The problem with this bot it's very resource intensive (on the WaybackMachine) so it runs slow and is semi-manual, thus I don't run it very often. My opinion is archives should only be added into Wikipedia when the link is dead. In terms of adding archives into the WaybackMachine, that is already done automatically by a back-end process (not IABot). A script monitors every edit on all 300+ language wikis (including Enwiki) and when it detects a URL it makes sure this URL is added to the WaybackMachine. Nothing needs to be done with this part of the process it's being taken care of already (mostly) by invisible bots. It's a massive load on WaybackMachine disk space and bandwidth, it is being donated free of charge to Wikipedia by the Internet Archive. -- Green  C  20:06, 7 June 2023 (UTC)

Worst-case scenario in adding archives automatically: A source is archived several times throughout the years; in 2000, 2010, and 2020. A user adds that source to an article in 2023 and a bot adds a link to the 2000 archive. Source becomes dead in 2024 and the article points the reader to an outdated source. Conclusion: After an automatic archive, someone needs to make sure the article links to the proper archive, as there may be different versions of the original source. SLBedit (talk) 21:08, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

 * In my experience, the archival bots usually add the most recent archive version, which is actually frequently less reliable than earlier archives, since in many cases the target site will have restructured over the years and the newer archives point to empty content.The ideal situation would probably be if bots could read the access-date= parameter and add the most recent archived version that does not postdate the access-date. Folly Mox (talk) 21:38, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

 * My understanding is that bots do read the access-date and do as you suggest, although I'm not entirely certain of that. Dhtwiki (talk) 23:17, 11 June 2023 (UTC)

 * I'm someone who reverts the addition of archive links en masse, especially when the byte count is high (>10k), when the original links are live, and when the editor has shown no interest in curating the page otherwise; and I receive plenty of questions and push back from even the most experienced editors. GreenC has explained why adding such links isn't actually making the archiving happen. When IABot runs on its own, it only adds links to archives *when the original is determined to have died*. That is sensible, and I don't know why editors shouldn't be encouraged to check that option (assuming that it is an available option). Also, when links die, it's a good time to check for website reorganization, and reset the original link, as well as check for citation relevance (e.g. has scientific, economic, or census data been superseded?). I keep thinking that there should be an RfC on limiting the addition of archive links, but, as I said, I've received too much push back, from editors thinking that they're doing good, to think that such an RfC would easily pass. Dhtwiki (talk) 23:29, 11 June 2023 (UTC) (edited 00:48, 22 September 2023 (UTC))

Is there automation for adding archive links that I have found to citations?
I frequently find myself manually finding archived content from a citation in order to verify a claim, but I don't always have time to update the citation accordingly to aid future readers. Is there a tool that automates adding the necessary three(?) parameters to a citation if I already have the archive link in hand? I would prefer this over using a bot, for the reasons given above. Orange Suede Sofa (talk) 00:20, 8 August 2023 (UTC)

 * I think that activating the WP:IABOT would do what you are looking for. According to the documentation, you can run the bot on demand, but a low-effort approach would be to mark a link as dead, as the highest priority task appears to be to look for dead-tagged links and replace them with archived links.  There are also instructions on activating the bot here and here.  Personally, I prefer to do the replacement manually as I try to take into account the url access date when selecting a particular archived version to use as the accessible URL, but that is certainly not a necessary thing and not for someone who wants to get 'er done quickly. --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me ) 00:43, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * To your point about preferring the manual approach, that's exactly what I'm trying to account for— I've usually already done the work of selecting the appropriate archive URL, now I just need the citation updated. If I understand the docs right, running the bot wholesale does everything from scratch; I'm looking for a way to automate the step of adding the appropriate links to the citation if I already have the archive link. In short, I've done the first part manually (finding the best archive URL) and want to automate the second half (updating the citation). Orange Suede Sofa  (talk) 00:58, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, the bot does everything from scratch. Hmm -- you might try AutoWikiBrowser.  I have not used it for this particular use case, but it might be applicable.  This would be a "semi-manual" approach, but you could quickly run through dozens of edits faster than via the main editing interface, I think.  Take a look and see what you think.  One tricksy thing - you will need to create a bot account with a bot password for yourself; the documentation notes this, but it's not obvious on a quick read, I think. --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me ) 01:24, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks; I didn't think of that. I've had AWB perms in the past, so maybe once I have a plan I can whip up something quick and apply. Regards, Orange Suede Sofa  (talk) 01:35, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I use AutoHotKey. You can set it up so that whenever you type the letters "3archive", it will automatically replace it with "|archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status". I also use it to generate empty cite webs, books, journals .. various things like that, saves a lot of typing. -- Green  C  01:49, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Client-side scripting is a good approach too; I don't have Windows so I can't use AutoHotKey, but that page has given me enough pointers to go dig around. Thanks! Orange Suede Sofa  (talk) 01:59, 8 August 2023 (UTC)

To wrap up the question for myself, and in case this helps anyone else, I created an AppleScript to take a Wayback URL from the clipboard, parse the URL for the date, and then automatically add the  and   parameters to an existing citation, pre-filled and with no additional typing needed. More info here. Orange Suede Sofa  (talk) 02:40, 15 August 2023 (UTC)

Mass additions of archive links for live sites
This discussion emerges from those on Billjones94's talk page, my talk page, and other previous discussions (1 again @ Billjones94, 2 again @ Billjones94, 3 @ Wikipedia:Bots, 4 @ Wikipedia talk:Link rot, 5 @ Village pump). Tags:. Please tag others.

I propose an addition to this page as follows:

"After the words "in general, do not" in the second paragraph of the lede, insert "(with automated tools or otherwise) add archive links for live websites or".

The paragraph would then read In general, do not (with automated tools or otherwise) add archive links for live websites or delete cited information solely because the URL to the source does not work any longer."

My understanding, for the record, is that links cited on the English Wikipedia are automatically archived. Hitting the check mark in the IA Bot to add those archived links for live sites does not archive anything. It does not actually archive those pages nor does it update those archives. It just adds the links themselves to the article text. Moreover, archive links are automatically substituted for links that become dead.

What these archive links for live websites do is profoundly clutter the editor. This makes it very difficult for humans to parse. An example of this is the old version of Julius Caesar. This was a single citation (for a half of a sentence about Caesar's wife) therein:

When I removed these archive links en masse, the page shortened by over characters (probably upward of 35,000 after including all of my edits). Again, these additions are not necessary to preserve the text of the cited source. This is a live website. And if it became dead the archive URL would be automatically inserted. The costs are, however, substantial for active editors. Just finding real article text, as opposed to background mark up, in articles packed with these archive links becomes difficult.

Moreover, removing these archive links is significantly more difficult than adding them. It is almost trivial for someone to add unnecessary archive URLs. Not to pick on Billjones94 (the selection is merely because this series of discussions emerges from an edit on Roman Republic), the following edits were all done within a single hour:

Not a single source was tagged as dead. The average edit added 4,657 bytes of text and in total this single hour of triggering IA Bot added 100,478 bytes to Wikipedia's servers. I also firmly believe that these edits fall within the scope of WP:MEATBOT and WP:FAITACCOMPLI. Undoing them one by one after intervening edits is extremely difficult; Billjones94 has been repeatedly informed and tagged of how these mass additions are controversial with absolutely no response beyond "Thanks" on talk page edits. Nor do I believe for a second that anyone can review 11,674 bytes of additions – Dempo SC; around 3,000 bytes reviewed per minute – in the elapsed four minutes between the last edit.

Moreover, the archive links are also generated for paywalled sources hosted on Jstor (other services like Cambridge Core or Oxford Academic suffer similarly). For example, at Roman Republic:

In those cases, the archive links do not preserve anything at all. Going to the archive URL loads a single front page of the article. On my computer the image thereof does not even load, leaving a blank page with the citation at the right. Given the stability of Jstor, there are functionally no benefits to these paywalled archive links. The costs in the editability of these articles remains however. Inasmuch as nothing is added for readers, editing ought to take priority.

Concluding, I want to emphasise three things. First, link rot is a semi-solved problem in which these WP:MEATBOT-esque additions do not help. Second, the enormous volume and rapidity of these WP:FAITACCOMPLI additions make them both harmful to actual content contribution and difficult to remove. Third, many times these archive links add nothing between the website still being live and paywalled sources' archives still being paywalled. We should edit the guidelines to reflect these facts and require adding archive links for live URLs to be justified instead of accepted by default. Ifly6 (talk) 16:11, 21 September 2023 (UTC)

 * The last time I brought this up, we didn't come to a clear outcome and I didn't follow up with an RfC. We're probably due for one. Basically: should every link have an archive? If yes, should this be a bot task or should it be done manually/arbitrarily? If no, in what situations (if any) should archives be added to a live link? — Rhododendrites  talk \\ 16:27, 21 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I don't think it follows we should have an RfC to add an archive link to every URL on Wikipedia (with some exceptions) . That probably will fail. The feature in question here with selective articles has some utility, the question is should we continue to have this feature on enwiki and if so under what conditions - anyone can run it anytime, only certain users, only x times a day, etc.. what are the guidelines for this feature? Right now there are none, other than it has to be initiated manually which slows the user down some. -- Green  C  16:50, 21 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Not sure I totally agree, most readers are not editors, so having a function link is useful. However archiving Google books or archive.org seems rather redundant, also URLs to Jstor seem completely redundant when jstor exists. -- LCU ActivelyDisinterested ∆transmissions∆ °co-ords° 16:41, 21 September 2023 (UTC)
 * A bot to extract Jstor URLs to the Jstor parameter was something I floated in the discussion @ WP:Bots (policy seems to say requirements or goals should be specified first etc; if anything it reminds me of how annoying government contracting can be). I also raised a discussion on MediaWiki re changing Citoid to use the Jstor parameter but it doesn't seem that went anywhere because it would have to be a parameter on like all Wikipedias. Fixing it after the fact for CS templates seems easier to implement. I would also be fine with guidance that Jstor URLs shouldn't appear on Jstor articles but that is a separate issue. Ifly6 (talk) 17:35, 21 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Some nuance would be better. There are multiple issues here. Working backwards, archives to an online version of printed material on a stable platform, like jstor or gbooks, are indeed essentially useless. I don't think such citations should get archive-urls, nor access-dates, and since we have a bespoke jstor parameter, citations to jstor in particular should not get urls either, since that encourages the addition of crufty archives and access dates.I don't really buy the argument that addition of archive urls to live links requires human review, except for urls whose contents change frequently, in which case the archived version may not match the cited version. An online edition of some translation of an ancient or classical text, as used in the example, is not likely to change, so any date of the archive is probably correct, although currently unnecessary. I notice that none of the example references from the Julius Caesar article mentions the date of composition of the original work, the date of publication of the translation, nor the identity of the translator or the publisher of the translation, all of which are more serious issues than an unnecessary archive.Prose can be located within citation syntax with the use of syntax highlighting, and there's at least one gadget that does this. Moving to list-defined references or shortened footnotes also fixes that issue, and while I'm not a fan of adding archives to live links for many domains, I don't think guidance should be changed because the laziest referencing style of just fully defining the reference at its initial point clutters the source. That's more of an argument to encourage better citation styles.I also think the exact proposed wording is a bit ambiguous, in one sentence talking about live links and then dead links, without a clear separation. It could be read as discussing cases of adding archives to, which is contradictory. I must stress this is not an argument against the idea, just the proposed text.I have, in at least one case, been forced to add archives to live links, due to the way IABot defines "live links". I was cleaning up citations on an article about some museum in Germany. The article cited something like 140 different pages on the museum's site, but they had restructured their domain such that all the links now resolved to a custom 404 page, which automated tools understand as a "live link". After updating the first sixteen or so manually over an hour or two, I despaired and asked IABot to add archives to live links, since it couldn't understand that the links were actually useless.Some domains do drop articles with some frequency. Local news sites, sohu.com, obituary sites, etc. When I'm citing a source like this, I'll add the archive to the live site prophylactically, since I deem it unlikely to work within a year or so. Folly Mox (talk) 17:09, 21 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I see some of what I just mentioned is already addressed in footnotes. Sorry; I'm still waking up. Folly Mox (talk) 17:12, 21 September 2023 (UTC)
 * To be clear, I agree that archive URLs for live websites (whether that be IA Bot's idiosyncratic "live" or actually "live" but different) can have some utility. I would, however, oppose their indiscriminate addition. Cluttering up the editor with tens of thousands of bytes is a problem; I think doing so should need justification with facts specific to the circumstances. Ifly6 (talk) 17:44, 21 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Re-reading what I wrote above, perhaps instead word as, prior to the current sentence in paragraph 2 of the lede Do not add archive links for live websites (using automated tools or otherwise) without a justification specific to the circumstances? Ifly6 (talk) 18:00, 21 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Since I was pinged, I’ll just state that I’m impartial to this particular matter, but will also mention that Ifly6, hasn’t consider the potential for content drift, especially on news related articles. An archive can preserve the integrity of the original version while a live link may continue to change the content of its page over time.— CYBERPOWER  (Around ) 18:37, 21 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I don't think that's wholly accurate, my note (discussing good reasons for archiving live pages) which has a last element talking about the possibility of changes to the live website has been present since the original post was made. Ifly6 (talk) 18:47, 21 September 2023 (UTC)
 * If content drift within a source is due to corrections, then we shouldn't stay with a possibly erroneous archive snapshot. This is in line with why it's doubtful to rely on archive snapshots when a dead-URL is the result of website reorganization, where changing the original link is the better solution. Dhtwiki (talk) 04:27, 22 September 2023 (UTC)
 * With regard to Moreover, archive links are automatically substituted for links that become dead. Did you not mean "...are [not] automatically substituted...", which is my experience and is in line with the point you're making. I'm in certainly favor of changing this article's wording to discourage mass archive-link additions, especially since this guideline is often used as justification for such activity. I've also heard people justify mass additions as being required by featured article reviewers, although I've only seen recommendations to that effect. Perhaps we should clarify things with the FAC page. Dhtwiki (talk) 04:35, 22 September 2023 (UTC)
 * The way I read what I wrote – archive links are automatically substituted for links that become dead – is that it reflects this on the opposite (non-talk) side: there is a Wikipedia bot ... that automates fixing link rot. It runs continuously, checking all articles on Wikipedia if a link is dead, adding archives to Wayback Machine (if not yet there), and replacing dead links in the wikitext with an archived version. Ifly6 (talk) 06:10, 22 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Do you know the name of that bot? I've not come across it. -- LCU ActivelyDisinterested ∆transmissions∆ °co-ords° 09:00, 22 September 2023 (UTC)
 * IABot, when it runs by itself, only places archive links when it detects a dead link as well as setting the url-status to "dead". Since that is a sensible approach, by the same tool that the massive adders are using, why isn't that the bot option that is required: then people can run the bot in that configuration, to detect dead-URLs and add archive snapshots only when the original has died, (almost) as often as they want. Dhtwiki (talk) 09:30, 22 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure IABot runs automatically, or at least I've come across pages with long dead links that haven't had archives added. -- LCU ActivelyDisinterested ∆transmissions∆ °co-ords° 10:50, 22 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Do you have any examples of this? I'm unaware of such cases. Ifly6 (talk) 15:34, 22 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Many links don't get archived for many reasons. Log into iabot.org and manage domains. If a domain is set to "subscription" or "permalive" it won't be archived. You can change it. Just be careful things are usually not as simple as they seem ie. some links in a domain work others do not. In those cases you can manage individual URLs the same way. --  Green  C  16:40, 23 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Is this feature to ignore links (like Jstor?) overridden when The Check Box is used? Ifly6 (talk) 03:29, 24 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I don't know. It's easy to check. Create a page in user space, add some citations, run the bot on the page. -- Green  C  20:51, 24 September 2023 (UTC)
 * The Check Box forces addition of useless Jstor archives per test, giving a link to a largely blank page. Ifly6 (talk) 02:44, 25 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I see 0 reason to prohibit preemptive addition of archive links, and certainly oppose the suggested amendments above. I abhor having to go and find archive links long after a link has gone dead. Preemptive addition of an archive link helps ensure that the archive link actually has provided an archive, since we all know that archive.org does a bad job tracking websites that themselves do a bad job indicating they're no longer serving a resource at a specific URI (which is not archive.org's fault). If you have a specific issue with specific editors editing in a WP:MEATBOT way, you should approach them and/or discuss their cases at the appropriate dispute resolution forum. As for "JSTOR links don't need archiving" (which I agree with), the solution is not "stop adding all links to archive.org", the solution is request an adjustment to IABot not to archive such links. And/or revisit the decision made some years ago to stop Citation bot from removing URIs to links that duplicate identifiers. In general, none of the three issues described here lead to a resolution which is "discourage users in the closest thing to a guideline on the topic". Izno (talk) 20:44, 25 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I don't see how this response engages with the text of the change: you can hit the "include URLs on all" check box if you can produce a specific justification... like actual evidence of content having been moved. The archive bots also already read and pick archives prior to or around that date. Ifly6 (talk) 22:07, 25 September 2023 (UTC)

Paywalled landing pages should not be archived
The above discussion (Mass additions of archive links for live sites) discusses why indiscriminate archiving of live links is a problem and a broader mechanism – don't add archive links for live websites unless you have an actual and specific reason – for resolving them.

Per 's minimalist framing of the question at Talk:Citation bot, I propose the following (with appropriate wording to be determined):
 * Archive links to paywalled landing pages should not be added.
 * Assuming that marking as permanently alive prevents the IA Bot check box from adding archive links, IA Bot should mark everything on Jstor (and other sites of similar expected permanence like PubMed) to be permanently alive. Does permalive prevent the check box in IA Bot from adding archive URLs?

As to the utility of archive links of paywalled landing pages, they are not useful and they do not provide full text. They are currently being added if you hit the check mark in the IA Bot management console. The resulting links are largely blank. They do not archive anything or trigger anything to archive anything while introducing extremely large amounts of markup with no value. Ifly6 (talk) 05:21, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Agree / Support / Cosign. Archives of paywall landing pages (the kind I just removed from an article) have negative value. The paywall landing page does not display the content that supports the prose citing it, and there's no way to navigate to that content from the archive. You have to go to the live site to log in or purchase a subscription.While they're not useful for verification, they do significantly bloat the wikitext and the references displayed to readers.In almost all cases, an archive of a Jstor page does nothing apart from bloat the text. The proportion of the 0.1% of readers who click through a reference link who choose to click the archive link instead of the original, will cause a tiny server load for Internet Archive instead of Jstor.(In a small minority of cases, the Jstor original will be open access, so the archive will actually support the prose the way the original does. I assume that Jstor occasionally suffers outages, and during those brief windows of time an archive to an open access article will actually have greater value than the non-functional original. I assume it's also possible that Jstor increases access requirements for hosted articles, paywalling previously free ones, in which case an archive could bypass the newly erected paywall. None of these open access cases affect the main thrust of this proposal.)Jstor is basically always up, and never changes the parts of its site structure that host content, and so setting it to permalive should not affect the availability of its contents at all, which are mostly paywalls to as far as Internet Archive is concerned anyway. The "open access case" can be untangled later, if it is deemed important enough to bother about.What I'm hoping to get from this discussion is consensus that we shouldn't have archives of paywall landing pages. The permalive for User:IABot is an implementation detail, and how we can go about cleaning up this cruft is also a follow up. Any bot task requires consensus first (unless speedy approved by a BAG member). Folly Mox (talk) 06:52, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

external links: URLs that were broken due to editing errors
(crosspost from Teahouse)

hello maintainers. I made a List of ~10000 brocken URLs User:ⵓ/Worklist brocken URLs with query/78127 (feel free to fork it)

The SQL query filters not existing top level-domains, all URLs in this List are broken. The Domain in list is in reversed order

Most of the cases are easy to fix (i.e remove a white space-character). In some cases I needed a URL-decoder ( meyerweb.com/eric/tools/dencoder/). More difficult cases can only be solved with the help of the version history or with the help of web archives and Google search. (i.e. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018%E2%80%9319_Ukrainian_First_League&diff=prev&oldid=1185545810 )

I fixed this kind of errors in german wikipedia so query/77794 is clean. But I am not able to do this in english wikipedia. ⵓ (talk) 17:57, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

 * I am looking for users who specialize in external link / link rot maintenance ⵓ (talk) 07:27, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

Pew research study on link rot
I thought that this might be of interest to this community. Peaceray (talk) 04:24, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

 * This Pew report is not very good surprisingly given their reputation for authority. The word "soft-404" appears nowhere in the document, yet this is one of the hardest problems in link rot detection, and accounts for a sizeable portion of all link rot. It looks like they simply checked for 404 links. They consider redirects, but these are often correct and not a problem. Many 404s can be made live again by replacing with a new URL (work done at WP:URLREQ). They discuss Wikipedia, but don't mentioned archive URLs, it's unknown if they are counting links as dead even though they have a live archive URL. Many devils in the details they pass over, so I'm not sure how useful this report is other than "many links die", which has been known for 30 years. I hope folks on Wikipedia understand this is an existential problem for our project, it's easy to imagine a wasteland in a few decades where most things are unverifiable, and a massive content deletion project begins to "clean up" per WP:V. --  Green  C  16:10, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Link rot


text:
Fox Chase Cancer Center

Fox Chase Cancer Center is a National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center research facility and hospital located in the Fox Chase section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The main facilities of the center are located on property adjoining Burholme Park. The center is part of the Temple University Health System (TUHS) and specializes in the treatment and prevention of cancer.

History
The center was formed in 1974 by the merger of the American Oncologic Hospital, which was founded in 1904 as the first cancer hospital in the United States, and the Institute for Cancer Research, founded in 1927.

In 1967 a large wing of the hospital was constructed based on a design by Vincent G. Kling using steep slopes of poured concrete and roof tiles by Ludowici.

In 1995, Fox Chase also became a founding member of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, an alliance of 21 of the nation's leading academic cancer centers.

The center was an independent, non-profit institution until it became part of TUHS July 1, 2012. On December 15, 2011, Fox Chase Cancer Center and Temple University Health system signed an affiliation agreement. Under the agreement, Fox Chase has connected and extended its current operations into the adjoining 176-bed and 33-acre Jeanes Hospital, which is already a part of the Temple University Health System. Fox Chase is considered the "Cancer Hub" of the Temple University Health System.

The hospital has almost 2,400 employees and an operating budget of $300 million. Annual hospital admissions average about 4,100 and outpatient visits to physicians exceed 69,000 a year.

Research advances and awards

 * 2023 American Nurses Association Magnet Award for Nursing Excellence. Fox Chase Cancer Center is one of 15 hospitals to receive the award six or more times.
 * 2020 the Press Ganey's Guardian of Excellence Award for excellence in clinical care in outpatient services.
 * 2018 Anna Marie Skalka is awarded the William Procter Prize for Scientific Achievement, given to scientists who have made an outstanding contribution to scientific research and demonstrated an ability to communicate this research to scientists in other disciplines
 * 2011 The 6th Albert Szent-Györgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research was awarded to Beatrice Mintz by the National Foundation for Cancer Research for her discoveries of the relationship between development and cancer, based on construction and analysis of chimeric and transgenic mouse models.
 * 2004 The Kyoto Prize in Basic Science is awarded to Alfred G. Knudson for lifetime achievement and contributions to the betterment of mankind.
 * 2004 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Irwin Rose and his colleagues Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko for their discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation.
 * 2000 Fox Chase became the first US cancer center and the first hospital in Pennsylvania to earn the American Nurses Association Magnet Award for Nursing Excellence.
 * 1993 Beatrice Mintz produces the first mouse model of human malignant melanoma, in which the disease resembles the human malignancy.
 * 1991 Philip Tsichlis, Alfonso Bellacosa, and Joseph Testa clone the AKT1 and AKT2 genes - the first viral oncogenes described that inhibit programmed cell death.
 * 1991 Timothy Yen discovers that a molecular motor controls the way human cells sort their chromosomes when cells divide during mitosis.
 * 1982 William Mason and Jesse Summers demonstrate that the hepatitis B virus utilizes reverse transcription for genome replication, previously thought to be unique to retroviruses.
 * 1981 Beatrice Mintz's laboratory is one of the first to introduce a cloned gene into fertilized mouse eggs and prove that it is retained in animals developing from those eggs, and is transmitted to their progeny.
 * 1980 Discovery of critical aspects of ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation by Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose.
 * 1980 Alfred G. Knudson develops the "two-hit" hypothesis, predicting the existence and behavior of tumor suppressor genes.
 * 1980 Discovery of the SCID mouse, a mouse strain with no natural immunity, by Melvin Bosma. The SCID mouse is an essential research tool in devising new treatments.
 * 1979 Beatrice Mintz shows that a fatal genetic anemia of mice can be prevented in utero by injecting normal blood-forming stem cells into the fetus through a placental blood vessel.
 * 1976 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded to Baruch Blumberg for his discovery of the Hepatitis B virus and development of the HBV vaccine, the first "anti-cancer vaccine", which has reduced the incidence of liver cancer.
 * 1975 The first transgenic mammals containing foreign DNA are produced by Beatrice Mintz and Rudolf Jaenisch.
 * 1974 Discovery by Robert Perry that the messenger RNAs of mammalian cells and their precursors contain a novel structure at their leading ends.
 * 1972 Helen M. Berman and Jenny Glusker report the crystal structure of a nucleic acid-drug complex as a model for anti-tumor agent and mutagen action.
 * 1968 Development of the first Hepatitis B vaccine by Baruch Blumberg and Irving Millman.
 * 1967 Discovery of the Hepatitis B virus and development of the blood test for Hepatitis B by Baruch Blumberg.
 * 1962 The first demonstration, by Robert Perry, that ribosomal RNA is synthesized in the nucleolus as a large precursor molecule that is subsequently processed into mature components.
 * 1962 Beatrice Mintz's development of the first mammal comprising two genetically different cell populations in all tissues, as a tool for analyses of embryonic development and disease in mouse models.
 * 1960 Discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome, the first genetic abnormality associated with a human cancer, by David Hungerford of the Fox Chase Cancer Center and Peter Nowell of the University of Pennsylvania.
 * 1952 First nuclear transplantation (or 'cloning') experiment is performed by Robert Briggs and Thomas King using eggs of the frog Rana pipiens.
 * 1946 Mary Bennett identifies an essential nutrient later revealed to be Vitamin B12.

Notable current and former researchers

 * Manfred Bayer, electron microscopist who obtained the earliest images of hepatitis B virus
 * Helen M. Berman, former director of the Protein Data Bank
 * Baruch Blumberg, (d. 5 April 2011) awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1976 for discovery of Hepatitis B and the Hepatitis B vaccine
 * Robert Briggs, pioneer in cloning by embryonic nuclear transfer
 * Marie A. DiBerardino, pioneer in amphibian cloning
 * Wafik El-Deiry, discoverer of WAF1
 * Jenny Pickworth Glusker, noted crystallographer
 * David Hungerford, co-discoverer of the Philadelphia chromosome
 * V. Craig Jordan, "Father of Tamoxifen"
 * Alfred G. Knudson, architect of the "two-hit hypothesis" (Knudson hypothesis) about the role of accumulated genetic errors in cancer development, awarded the Kyoto Prize in 2004 and the Albert Lasker Award in 1998
 * H. Paul Meloche (1929 – 1999), research biochemist who specialized in the field of enzyme stereochemistry
 * Irving Millman (d. 17 April 2012), who helped Baruch Blumberg develop the first hepatitis B vaccine
 * Beatrice Mintz, pioneering cancer researcher, noted for many embryonic and genetic advances, and member of the National Academy of Sciences and of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
 * Arthur Lindo Patterson, who developed the Patterson function, a key step in determining the structures of molecules using X-ray crystallography
 * Irwin Rose, awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2004 for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation
 * Harry Rozmiarek, noted veterinarian, academic, and laboratory animal care specialist.
 * Alton Sutnick, noted for the early clinical work that led to the identification of the Hepatitis B virus
 * Shirley M. Tilghman, president of Princeton University from 2001 to 2013
 * Tim J. Yen, former professor

title: Fox Chase Cancer Center


text: User talk:70.173.186.25

title: User talk:70.173.186.25


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Citybus (Hong Kong)/archive1

Citybus (Hong Kong)
Citybus (Hong Kong) should be a featured article for several reasons. First it tells a comprehensive history of the company and service it provides. In addition, it lists ALL of the routes Citybus operates (including Cityflyer). No bus article can achieve the stats it has reached. It is simply a featured article. This article deserves it! - Carsonley
 * Support

 * Oppose. Although I really hope that there can be some hong kong buses articles can become one of the featured articles, however, I think this article is still far from the stanard. I think that the article is not well-organized and not fruitful enough. I would expect there are more introduction to the company, not only facts, but something like the road of success, leader in the evolution of HK bus industry, etc. Anyway, let's work hard to achieve the standard that the MTR articles has achieved. -- Spring Dennis 10:33, 24 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
Dale Purinton

Dale Purinton (born October 11, 1976) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman, known as an enforcer, who played 181 games for the New York Rangers in the National Hockey League.

Playing career
Purinton was drafted in the 5th round, 117th overall, by the New York Rangers in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft. He spent the early part of his career in the WHL, ECHL, and AHL before his NHL debut in the 1999–2000 season.

In 181 NHL games Purinton racked up 578 penalty minutes to go with his 4 goals and 16 assists. After completing the 2007–08 season with the Lake Erie Monsters of the American Hockey League, he became an unrestricted free agent and upon failing to sign with a new team, subsequently retired.

Coaching career
Purinton was hired as head coach of the Cowichan Valley Capitals of the BCHL on October 18, 2009. He was later hired as head coach of the Kerry Park Islanders of the VIJHL.

Personal life
Purinton was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, but his family moved to Sicamous, British Columbia when he was four years old.

On August 11, 2015, Purinton was arrested in Oneida County, New York on charges of burglary.

Suspensions
This is a list of suspensions that he has received:
 * April 8, 2008,
 * The AHL suspended Purinton three games for his actions during an April 4 game in Hamilton.

 * March 27, 2008,
 * The AHL suspended Purinton three games for his actions during a game on March 26. The three-game suspension was automatic after Purinton received his fifth game misconduct in the general category this season.

 * March 20, 2008,
 * The AHL suspended Purinton one game for his actions during pre-game warms ups prior to an AHL game against Grand Rapids.

 * March 15, 2008,
 * The AHL suspended Purinton for 2 games for accumulating 4 misconducts in one season. His latest came in the first period of a game against the Grand Rapids Griffins in which he kneed right winger Jamie Tardif.

 * February 19, 2008,
 * The AHL suspended Purinton for four games for his actions in a game against Hamilton.

 * October 19, 2007,
 * The AHL suspended Purinton for 25 games for punching Stars' forward Marius Holtet in the head from behind with a gloved fist after the completion of play during a game between Lake Erie and Iowa.

 * April 26, 2006
 * The AHL suspended him for 1 game for instigation a fight during the last 5 minutes of a game.

 * October 1, 2005
 * On October 4 the NHL handed out a 10-game suspension for an attempt to eye-gouge Colton Orr in a pre-season game.

 * 2004–05 season in the ECHL
 * suspended by the ECHL on December 10 for 6 games for elbowing a player into the head during the game vs Bakersfield on December 7.
 * Later in the season the ECHL suspended him for 3 games for his refusal to stop fighting and pulling the hair of a player. As a result, the Salmon Kings released him. He only played 25 games that season and racked up 192 penalty minutes.

 * February 2002
 * The NHL handed out a 3-game suspension for a sucker-punch to Jason Blake of the New York Islanders.

 * October 2001
 * The NHL handed out a 7-game suspension for a cross-check to the head of Stephen Peat of the Washington Capitals.

 * September 2001
 * The NHL handed out a 4-game suspension for beating up goaltender Garth Snow in an NHL pre-season game.

 * 1999
 * Purinton suspended by the AHL for 3 games during the 1998–1999 season.

title: Dale Purinton


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ian McDonald (King Crimson)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result was   redirect to Ian McDonald (musician). Page already redirected. :) · Salvidrim!  ·  ✉  20:34, 17 May 2013 (UTC)

Ian McDonald (King Crimson)
Requesting deletion because it is a duplicate of Ian McDonald (musician)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:York Region Transit

title: Category:York Region Transit


text:
Talk:Dale Purinton

Blacklisted Links Found on the Main Page
Cyberbot II has detected that page contains external links that have either been globally or locally blacklisted. Links tend to be blacklisted because they have a history of being spammed, or are highly innappropriate for Wikipedia. This, however, doesn't necessarily mean it's spam, or not a good link. If the link is a good link, you may wish to request whitelisting by going to the request page for whitelisting. If you feel the link being caught by the blacklist is a false positive, or no longer needed on the blacklist, you may request the regex be removed or altered at the blacklist request page. If the link is blacklisted globally and you feel the above applies you may request to whitelist it using the before mentioned request page, or request it's removal, or alteration, at the request page on meta. When requesting whitelisting, be sure to supply the link to be whitelisted and wrap the link in nowiki tags. The whitelisting process can take its time so once a request has been filled out, you may set the invisible parameter on the tag to true. Please be aware that the bot will replace removed tags, and will remove misplaced tags regularly.

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 * http://www.hockeyfights.com/articles/167
 * Triggered by  on the global blacklist

If you would like me to provide more information on the talk page, contact User:Cyberpower678 and ask him to program me with more info.

From your friendly hard working bot.— cyberbot II NotifyOnline 17:36, 8 December 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dale Purinton


text:
Living the Dream (New Zealand TV series)

Living the Dream was the New Zealand version of Spike TV's Joe Schmo Show, produced by Touchdown Television for TV2.

Description
It was a reality TV show (actually a parody of reality game shows) that began airing in August 2004 and involves a setup that is reminiscent of the movie The Truman Show.

One man, Sam Chambers, thinks he's on a reality TV show called Living the Dream. However, all of the other members in this reality TV show, including the host, are actually actors and the entire show is an elaborate hoax centred on the main character. All of the events and games played are staged to give a particular outcome designed to elicit a response from the main character for comedic effect.

The other "contestants" are stereotypes of common reality TV show contestants. They are (real names follow character names/descriptions):

 * Mick the Prick – Jason Fitch
 * Rima, the Schemer – Awanui Simich-Pene
 * Billy the Gay Guy – Jeremy Birchall
 * Mule the Former SAS Soldier – Stephan Hall
 * Betty the New Age flake – Kirsty Cooke
 * Tiffany the Rich Bitch – Sarah Thomson
 * Ben the Best Mate - Charlie McDermott
 * Mary the Virgin – Victoria Blackman
 * Mark Ferguson, the Smarmy host – Himself

At the end of the show, Chambers received the $50,000 prize for which he was "competing" as well as all the other prizes given away in the show.

Sam's colloquial exclamation "Crikey!" became the show's catchphrase.


text:
William S. McFeely

William Shield McFeely (September 25, 1930 – December 11, 2019) was an American historian known for his Pulitzer Prize-winning 1981 biography of Ulysses S. Grant, as well as his contributions to a reevaluation of the Reconstruction era, and for advancing the field of African-American history. He retired as the Abraham Baldwin Professor of the Humanities emeritus at the University of Georgia in 1997, and was affiliated with Harvard University since 2006.

Biography
McFeely was born in New York City, the son of William C. McFeely, an executive with Grand Union supermarkets, and Marguerite McFeely (née Shield), a homemaker. He graduated from Ramsey High School, in New Jersey. After earning a B.A. at Amherst College in 1952, he worked for the First National City Bank of New York for eight years, before deciding to pursue graduate work in American studies at Yale University, where he received his Ph.D. in 1966. At Yale, he studied with, among others, C. Vann Woodward, whose book The Strange Career of Jim Crow was a staple of the Civil Rights Movement. Like Woodward, he sought to employ history in the service of civil rights. His dissertation, later the 1968 book Yankee Stepfather, explored the ill-fated Freedmen's Bureau which was created to help ex-slaves after the Civil War.

McFeely taught at Yale until 1970, during the tumultuous years of the American Civil Rights Movement and Black Power movements, and was instrumental in creating the African-American studies program there, at a time when such programs were still controversial. One of the students in his class was Henry Louis Gates Jr., later the director of the Hutchins Center for African & African American Research at Harvard University and Professor at Harvard.

He taught for 16 years at Mount Holyoke College before joining the University of Georgia in 1986 as the Constance E. Smith Fellow. McFeely won the 1982 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography for his 1981 biography of Ulysses S. Grant, which portrayed the general and president in a harsh light. He concluded that Grant "did not rise above limited talents or inspire others to do so in ways that make his administration a credit to American politics."

McFeely retired in 1997. He was a fellow at Harvard's Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study during the 2006–2007 academic year, where he studied Henry Adams and his wife Clover Adams, and Clarence King and his wife Ada Copeland King. He was a visiting scholar and associate member of Harvard's Afro-American Studies Department and an associate of their Humanities Center.

McFeely died of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis on December 11, 2019, at his home in Sleepy Hollow, New York, at the age of 89.

Awards and honors

 * 1982 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography for Grant: A Biography
 * 1982 Francis Parkman Prize for Grant: A Biography
 * Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (since 1987)
 * The Lincoln Prize 1991 for Frederick Douglass (based upon the life of Frederick Douglass).
 * 1992 Avery O. Craven Award from the Organization of American Historians.

Select scholarship

 * Yankee Stepfather: General O.O. Howard and the Freedmen (W. W. Norton, 1968)
 * Grant: A Biography (W. W. Norton, 1981)
 * Frederick Douglass (W. W. Norton, 1990)
 * Sapelo's People: A Long Walk into Freedom (W. W. Norton, 1994)
 * Proximity to Death (W. W. Norton, 2000)
 * Portrait: The Life of Thomas Eakins (W. W. Norton, 2007)

title: William S. McFeely


text:
Skin (Marvel Comics)

Skin (Angelo Espinosa) is a fictional character (a human mutant) appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in The Uncanny X-Men #317 (October 1994).

Fictional character biography
Angelo Espinosa was a former gang member from the east Los Angeles area who faked his own death for numerous reasons; to make sure that his friend Tores was not blamed for murder, to hide his newly manifested mutation from his family, and to leave that part of his life behind. Skin was one of four young mutants (including M, Husk, and Blink) abducted by the Phalanx, a techno-organic alien race. The reason behind the abductions was so that the Phalanx could uncover the secret behind their inability to assimilate mutants into their collective. Through their combined efforts and those of Banshee, Emma Frost, Sabretooth, Synch, and Jubilee, the four young mutants managed to escape their confines; although, Blink sacrificed herself by using her powers to destroy the Phalanx that had captured them.

Afterwards, Skin accepted an invitation to enroll in the Massachusetts Academy, a school for mutants owned by Emma Frost. As a member of Generation X, Skin was joined by Synch, Jubilee, Husk, and M (and later by Chamber, Penance, and Mondo). During his stay at the Massachusetts Academy, Skin became close friends with Chamber because neither could pass for normal humans in public, and he always found time to playfully flirt with Husk, Jubilee (whom he nicknamed Jubecita), and M. Skin was also hunted by a mutant-killing vigilante known as the X-Cutioner who believed Skin responsible for the death of Angelo Espinosa. The X-Cutioner did not know that Skin, in fact, was Angelo Espinosa. Skin succeeded in defeating the vigilante, but kept his identity secret.

During Operation: Zero Tolerance, Skin and his teammates found themselves transported to his hometown by Glorian. While searching for Skin's cousin Gil, they were captured by Skin's ex-girlfriend Tores, a gang leader who wanted to kill him for making her believe he was dead. Before she got the chance, Prime Sentinels attacked both Generation X and her gang, forcing them into a reluctant temporary truce. Skin and Tores acted as bait to lead the Sentinels into an ambush, and Gil completed the trap by starting a huge explosion, allowing Generation X to escape.

After the Academy closed due to the machinations of Adrienne Frost, Skin returned to Los Angeles with Jubilee in tow. Some time later, Skin and Jubilee, along with Magma, Bedlam, and a handful of other unknown mutants were found crucified on the lawn of the X-Mansion. This action was done by the Church of Humanity, a militant, religious anti-mutant organization. Archangel used his blood's healing properties to revive Jubilee and Magma but Bedlam and Skin didn't survive.

Jubilee, Husk, and Archangel went to visit Skin's grave after Jubilee had recovered only to find that the owner of the cemetery was about to dig Skin up and remove him because of his status as a mutant. The girls argued with the foreman, but he insisted that it was against the religious convictions of the cemetery to bury mutants. He offered to cremate Skin's remains and give them to the girls, which he ultimately did.

Skin was later resurrected by means of the Transmode Virus to serve as part of Selene's army of deceased mutants. Under the control of Selene and Eli Bard, he takes part in the assault on the mutant nation of Utopia.

Years later, Skin was resurrected on Krakoa through The Five, his resurrection pushed forward on the schedule because his former teammate Synch was needed to act as a back-up for The Five and they believed the two young mutants would help each over re-adjust. He was seen arm in arm with Synch and standing next to Broo at a party following the first meeting of the Quiet Council. He was later approached by Madison Jeffries manifesting himself through the land, who explained to him that he was thrown in the Pit of Exile for trying to create a place for Danger to live, which was deemed a violation of rule three by the Quiet Council. He later told Blob about this, unsure if it really happened, Blob assures him he's seen enough weird things to believe his story and remarks there's going to be a power-vacuum soon and that "it's good to have a brotherhood.

Powers and abilities
Skin possessed approximately six feet of extra skin. He was capable of stretching, deforming, wrapping, expanding, and compressing this extra amount of epidermis. When Skin is performing any of these stunts, it is only the epidermis that was manipulated; Skin's skeletal structure was the same as any normal, average person of his age and height. Skin's skin had a greyish tone and, because of the extra amount, gave him the appearance of a melted candle. At one point, along with compressing his skin tighter against his body, Skin was learning to manipulate the pigment melanin in his epidermis in order to appear normal. However, performing these two stunts together caused him to have migraines and he soon gave up on the idea of being normal.

Age of Apocalypse
In the alternate timeline of the Age of Apocalypse, Skin was featured in Generation Next as one of the protégés tapped by Colossus and Shadowcat to rescue Illyana Rasputin from enslavement at the Sugar Man's Core. Due to their more militant training, Skin was depicted as using his powers in a much more aggressive fashion, including impaling opponents with skin protrusions. Colossus abandoned the team to ensure Illyana's rescue, and as a result, only he, Shadowcat, and Illyana managed to escape from the Core. Skin and the rest of his teammates were overwhelmed and killed by the Core's guards.

Ultimate Marvel
In the Ultimate Marvel universe it was mentioned by Sunspot that Skin had nearly been beaten to death by humans.

In other media
Skin appears in Generation X, portrayed by Agustin Rodriguez. This version possesses full elasticity akin to Mister Fantastic, though using the ability causes him great pain.

title: Skin (Marvel Comics)


text:
Pascal Covici

Pascal Avram "Pat" Covici (November 4, 1885–October 14, 1964) was a Romanian Jewish-American book publisher and editor, best known for his close associations with authors such as John Steinbeck, Saul Bellow, and many more noted American literary figures, mainly through his position at Viking Press.

Early life
Covici, known to his friends as "Kai," was born on November 4, 1885, in Botoșani, Kingdom of Romania. He was the son of vintner Wolf Covici and Schifra Barish. At the age of twelve, his family immigrated to Chicago where his six brothers owned and managed a number of retail stores. He studied at the University of Michigan and the University of Chicago but did not graduate from either school, working instead at his brothers' stores.

Early publishing career
For several years, he published a monthly newspaper in Bradenton, Florida. In 1922, together with partner Billy McGee, he started a publishing company (McGee/Covici, then, Covici-McGee) and bookstore in Chicago. The store became a popular spot for writers, and the company published special, limited edition books, often created for collectors. Ben Hecht's 1922 novel, Fantazius Mallare, published by the firm, was labeled obscene, restricted, and confiscated by post office officials. Hecht, the illustrator Wallace Smith, and the publishers were arrested. They pleaded no contest, and had to pay a fine of $1,000. In 1928 he published The Wild Party by Joseph Moncure March. The poem was considered lewd and was banned in a number of places, including Boston.

New firm and controversy
When McGee left the company due to health issues in 1924, Covici continued to publish under Pascal Covici, Inc. Several years later, he began a firm with Donald Friede in New York City. The play The Front Page by Hecht and Charles MacArthur and the novel The Well of Loneliness by Radclyffe Hall garnered the company quick success. The Well of Loneliness was seized from Covici-Friede's offices after Friede sold a copy to John Saxton Sumner of the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice but the New York Court of Special Sessions cleared the book of charges of obscenity.

In addition to writers like Gene Fowler, Wyndham Lewis, Clifford Odets, and Nathanael West, their key author was John Steinbeck, whom they signed in 1934. They published Tortilla Flat in 1935 and other new and reprinted Steinbeck works. Covici-Friede failed in 1938; in 1943, Crown Publishing purchased the firm's assets.

Viking Press
In 1938, Covici moved to Viking Press, where he convinced Steinbeck to sign. Viking published The Grapes of Wrath (1939), which received a 1940 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Overall, Covici's association with Steinbeck was long-lasting and highly honored by both sides.

Covici also worked on the Viking Portable Library and with authors like Joseph Campbell, Ludwig Bemelmans, Gilbert Highet, Lionel Trilling, Arthur Miller, George Gamow, Shirley Jackson, Willy Ley, Marianne Moore, and Saul Bellow. Bellow's novel Herzog, Steinbeck's East of Eden, and Jackson's We Have Always Lived in the Castle are dedicated to Covici.

Death and legacy
Covici died on October 14, 1964. His relationship with John Steinbeck is portrayed in the book Steinbeck and Covici: The Story of a Friendship, edited by Thomas Fensch.

Other works published

 * 1001 Afternoons in Chicago, Ben Hecht
 * Broken Necks {More 1001 Afternoon}, Ben Hecht
 * Fantazius Mallare, a Mysterious Oath, Ben Hecht
 * Kingdom of Evil, Ben Hecht
 * The Coming Struggle for Power, John Strachey
 * The Sweet Singer of Michigan, Julia Moore
 * The Childermass, Wyndham Lewis
 * Complete Cheerful Cherub, Rebecca McCann
 * Speakeasy Girl, Bobbie Meredith
 * Bachelor's Wife, George A. Bagby
 * Boy Crazy, Grace Perkins

title: Pascal Covici


text:
Talk:Harriet Miers/to do

 * Add information about "Miers Led Law Firm Repeatedly Forced to Pay Damages For Defrauding Investors"
 * Add information about "Bush's Guard service may affect Miers nomination" (use BugMeNot to bypass compulsory registration if you must)

'''None of this needs doing. This todo should be deleted.'''

title: Talk:Harriet Miers/to do


text:
Bianca Maria Visconti

Bianca Maria Visconti (31 March 1425 – 28 October 1468) also known as Bianca Maria Sforza or Blanca Maria was Duchess of Milan from 1450 to 1468 by marriage to Francesco I Sforza. She was regent of Marche during the absence of her spouse in 1448. She served as Regent of the Duchy of Milan during the illness of her spouse in 1462, as well as in 1466, between the death of her spouse and until her son, the new Duke, who was absent, was able to return to Milan to assume power.

Early years
Born near Settimo Pavese, Bianca Maria was the illegitimate daughter of Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan and last of the Visconti rulers, and Agnese del Maino. Agnese was the daughter of Ambrogio del Maino, a Milanese nobleman and ducal questore. Agnese served as lady-in-waiting to Filippo's wife, Beatrice di Tenda. The couple had a second daughter, called Caterina Maria or Lucia Maria, also born in Settimo in 1426, but she died shortly after her birth.

When she was six months old, Visconti and her mother were sent to a castle in Abbiate, where a rich residence had been established for the two of them. The Duke spent much of his time in Abbiategrasso, where he was impressed by Visconti's strong character.

Visconti spent her childhood and adolescence in Abbiategrasso, where she received a humanist education. The Ducal library contained a wide variety of works: Latin classics, narrative texts in Provençal and French, scientific and didactical works, as well as texts in Italian and volgare, mainly by Tuscan authors. Both Bianca and her father were passionate hunters and lovers of horses.

Bethrothal and wedding
In 1430, at the age of five, Visconti was betrothed to the condottiero Francesco I Sforza, a man twenty-four years her elder. In that year the condotta (contract) between Milan and Sforza came to an end, and the betrothal was a move to keep the powerful general tied with Milan. It has also been suggested that Visconti enticed Sforza with the promise of appointing him as legitimate heir to the duchy. Sforza probably also accepted because of the rich dowry, which included territories in the areas of Cremona, Castellazzo di Bollate and Bosco Frugarolo. The contract was signed on 23 February 1432 in the castle of Porta Giovia, the Visconti residence in Milan. Visconti's official spokesperson was her godfather, Andrea Visconti, general of the Humiliates order. The presence of Visconti and her mother at the ceremony is not certain; according to some sources, she visited Milan for the first time when she was already of marrying age.

In the following years, the suspicious Filippo Maria tried twice to dissolve the betrothal with the ambitious Sforza: in 1434, after the latter had sided with Pope Eugene IV, who sent him to fight Milan, Carlo Gonzaga, the son of the Marquis of Mantua, was contacted. The later project of betrothing Visconti to Leonello d'Este, marquis of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio, was only a political move to pressure Sforza to leave the alliance formed by the Republic of Venice against Milan. Visconti's trip to Ferrara at that time (September 1440) was also her first confirmed trip outside Abbiategrasso. The attempt to force Sforza to change alliances was fruitless, and Visconti returned to her castle in April 1441.

Also in 1441, Niccolò Piccinino, captain of the Milanese troops, created difficulties for Sforza; he asked Visconti for lordship of Piacenza in return for his capture of Sforza. Visconti then moved toward reconciling with Sforza, suspending hostilities and sending him peace proposals, together with the proxy for the marriage with Visconti. On 24 October 1441 Francesco Sforza and Bianca Maria Visconti were wed in the Abbey of San Sigismondo in Cremona, preferring that city's Cathedral for security reasons. In the typical Italian Renaissance manner, feasts lasted for several days and included a sumptuous banquet, tournaments, a palio, allegorical carts and a huge cake reproduction of the Torrazzo, the city's main tower. It is probable that this cake is the origin of the torrone.

Marriage
On 7 November 1441, Filippo Maria issued a decree reducing the rights of his vassals, Sforza included. The latter preferred to establish himself in the safer territory of Venetia, in the hamlet of Sanguinetto. In the same years, Sforza and Visconti were invited to Venice by the doge of Venice, Francesco Foscari. Shortly thereafter, news that Piccinino was menacing Sforza's possessions in the Marche reached the city. Visconti then accompanied her husband to Rimini, where they were guests of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, in Gradara and then in Jesi. Here she remained in the castle while Sforza led the military operations against Piccinino. In 1442, Visconti (then 17 years old) was named regent of the Marche; contemporary chronicles state that Visconti had repeatedly proven her skills in administration and diplomacy. While Sforza was unfaithful to Visconti, she usually reacted to his infidelity with nonchalance. On one occasion, however, in 1443, one of her husband's mistresses disappeared and was killed in dubious circumstances.

In 1442, Sforza was excommunicated. Four years later, ill and declining, Filippo Maria Visconti approached Sforza for a reconciliation. The latter, however, remained distrustful, and, despite Visconti's pleading, preferred to concentrate on the defense of his territories, menaced by Papal troops. In 1447 Sforza, feeling more confident, accepted the position of lieutenant of the Duchy of Milan, but Visconti, jealous and suspicious after the popularity of Sforza in Milan, soon changed his mind. At the same time the new Pope, Nicholas V, demanded the restitution of Jesi.

Francesco Sforza gave back to the pope the town of Jesi in exchange for 35,000 florins, and moved towards Milan along with his wife. News of the death of Filippo Maria Visconti, who died in the night between 13 and 14 August 1447, reached Sforza in Cotignola. Visconti was very angry when she heard about the depredations suffered by the Visconti properties in Milan after Filippo's death. Visconti and Sforza were marching toward Milan, with 4,000 knights and 2,000 infantry, when the new-born Ambrosian Republic, under the menace of a Venetian invasion, offered Sforza the title of Captain General. Visconti favored refusing, but Sforza accepted, starting three years in which he strove to reconquer the cities that had declared independence from the Duchy after Filippo Visconti's death.

In May 1448, when Sforza was in Pavia, the Venetians attacked Cremona. According to the chronicles, Visconti donned a suit of parade armor and, along with some troops and the populace, hurried to defend wards the city. She fought in the battle that ensued for the whole day. This episode gained her fame as a "warrior woman".

After the Venetian danger had been repulsed, Visconti settled in the Visconti Castle of Pavia, together with a large court. Her good relationships with her Visconti relatives gained popular support, as well as loans and funds, for the fragile new state created by her husband. On 24 February 1450, a revolt broke out in Milan. The Venetian ambassador was killed, as the Venetian Republic was deemed responsible for the famine that had struck Milan. A meeting of nobles and citizens recognized Sforza as lord.

Duchess of Milan
The date of the entrance of the new duke and duchess in Milan is disputed: 22 March or 25 March. Sforza and Visconti refused the triumphal wagon (they called it superstizione da re, "kings' superstition"), instead reaching the Duomo riding on a couple of horses. It was the first time that a duke's title had been awarded by the citizens of the city.

During the first years of their reign, Visconti collaborated with her husband in recovering her father's assets and restoring the Ducal Palace. Sforza was again entangled in a war against Venice. Remaining alone in Milan, Visconti devoted herself to the administration of the Duchy, as attested by the correspondence with her husband, which gives precious insights on the education of their children, state affairs, the financial difficulties, and details of her daily life. The letters also show the assertive character of Visconti, who did not hesitate to express her opinions even when they differed from her husband's. The letters include also accusations of his extramarital adventures.

In 1453 in Pavia, Visconti hosted René I of Naples, who was asked to go to Cremona with his army to fight alongside Sforza. She later showed him the construction site of the large new Castello Sforzesco in Milan.

After the Peace of Lodi in 1454, Visconti devoted herself not only to diplomacy and the restoration and embellishment of the several Ducal residences, but also to public works. The ducal couple had a large hospital built in Milan, the Ospedale Maggiore, and often Visconti offered direct help to numerous poor women. With her support both Santa Nicola and Santa Maria della Pace were constructed. She sent court painter, Zanetto Bugatto, to Brussels to study with Rogier van der Weyden.

In 1459 Pope Pius II summoned a council in Mantua to prepare a crusade against the Ottoman Turks. Visconti offered 300 knights, and Sforza was proposed as military leader of the expedition. The crusade never materialized, but Sforza and Visconti's support of the papacy gained them bulls of indulgence for the Duomo and the Ospedale Maggiore of Milan.

In 1462 Francesco Sforza, who suffered from gout and dropsy, fell ill. During his absence from the government, Visconti's political and administrative capabilities prevented the state from crumbling after some rebellions spurred by Venice. She acted effectively as co-regent of the Duchy. Visconti also promoted a marriage between Jacopo Piccinino, the son of Niccolò, and Drusiana, Sforza's illegitimate daughter.

Dowager Duchess
The main problems for Visconti in this period came from their eldest son, Galeazzo Maria, whose unstable and treacherous character created numerous troubles for her. On 13 December 1465, her mother, Agnese del Maino, died. Shortly afterward, on 8 March 1466, Duke Francesco Sforza died also. Visconti quickly took the reins of the duchy as regent and called back Galeazzo Maria, who was fighting alongside the king of France, to succeed as duke. The latter's behavior was initially one of gratitude and deference towards his mother, but soon greed and ruthlessness led him to act independently against Visconti's advice. As time passed, the Duke relegated his mother to an increasingly secondary role and in the end forced her to leave Milan. She then moved to Cremona, her dower city. According to some sources, she was thinking of giving the control of the city to Venice, and she had frequent contacts with Ferdinand I of Naples, who was aiming to overthrow Galeazzo.

Against the advice of all her counsellors, Visconti decided to take part in Galeazzo's marriage on 9 May 1468. At the end of the feasts she accompanied her daughter Ippolita to Serravalle, whence she set off to Cremona. However, when midway, in Melegnano, she fell ill. A high fever obliged her to stay in bed until August, but she kept up an intense correspondence. At the beginning of October, her condition worsened further. She died on 28 October of that year, after having recommended her younger children, Elisabetta and Ottaviano, to their brother Galeazzo. She was buried in the Duomo of Milan, next to her husband. The funeral oration, commissioned by Galeazzo, was written by the humanist Francesco Filelfo.

Her death raised suspicions; Galeazzo Maria Sforza was accused by various men, including Bartolomeo Colleoni, of having poisoned her. It is certain that during her illness, there were in Melegnano certain men close to Galeazzo, some of whom were later involved in other cases of poisoning. According to Bernardino Corio, Visconti "died of natural ungratefulness more than poison".

Children
Bianca Maria Visconti and Francesco Sforza had:
 * Galeazzo Maria (24 January 1444 — 26 December 1476), Duke of Milan from 1466 to 1476.
 * Ippolita Maria (18 April 1446 — 20 August 1484), wife of Alfonso II of Naples
 * Filippo Maria Sforza (12 December 1449 — 1492), Count of Corsica.
 * Sforza Maria Sforza (18 August 1451 — 29 July 1479), Duke of Bari from 1464 to 1479.
 * Ludovico Maria (3 August 1452 — 27 May 1508), Duke of Bari from 1479 to 1494 and Duke of Milan from 1494 to 1499.
 * Francesco Galeazzo Maria (5 August 1453/54 — died young).
 * Ascanio Maria (3 March 1455 — 28 May 1505), Abbot of Chiaravalle, Bishop of Pavia, Cremona, Pesaro, and Novara and Cardinal.
 * Elisabetta Maria Sforza (10 June 1456 — 1473), second wife of Guglielmo VIII Paleologo, Margrave of Montferrat. She had two daughters by her husband: Giovanna, married to Ludovico II, Marquess of Saluzzo, and Blanche of Montferrat.
 * Ottaviano Maria Sforza, Count of Lugano (30 April 1458 — 1477), who drowned while escaping arrest.

title: Bianca Maria Visconti


text:
Derek the Sheep

Derek the Sheep is a fictional character and comic strip in the British comic The Beano. He first appeared in issue 3214, dated 21 February 2004. The strip is set on a farm and was about Derek's endless problems with the other animals.

Derek the Sheep was created by Gary Northfield and appeared occasionally in the comic, however, since the Beano re-vamp Derek has not been seen, but appeared regularly in monthly BeanoMAX until June 2011. Gary Northfield both writes and draws for the character.

Derek has been published in France by Actes Sud/Editions De L'an2 and a collection the first thirteen strips was published in bookform from Bloomsbury Publishing in September 2008. The character is known as Norbert Le Mouton in French.

Three further collections were published by Bog Eyed Books in 2018; named: Let's Bee Friends, The First Sheep in Space and Danger is my middle name.

Characters

 * Derek the Sheep
 * Lenny the Sheep: He is Derek's friend. Appeared less in the last couple of years
 * Cecil the Bee: Another one of Derek's friends.
 * Doris the Bee: Cecil's sister. Has a crush on Derek. Normally quite sweet-natured, but dangerous when angry.
 * Nobby the Hedgehog
 * Kevin the Rabbit: Generally took over as the second character in the last couple of years.
 * Big Baz: Derek's worst enemy.
 * Mad Nigel: Derek's second worst enemy. Hasn't been seen since the last part of Sold Out, when he was given to the zoo in place of zebras.
 * Rodney the Bull:
 * Bernard the Goat:
 * Bingo the Goat: Seen only in the strip "Sold Out".
 * Farmer Jack: Mentioned quite a lot, but rarely seen.
 * Alan the Horse:
 * Benny the Sheep: Derek's nephew, who always said "Beep!".
 * Dave Carrot, who was Derek's companion when he became stranded on an island.
 * Bert Worm, mentioned on the weblog, although never seen in the comic.
 * Alan Chicken: A chicken who has wonky legs, who has also only been mentioned on the weblog.
 * Gnasher, Dennis the Menace's dog, has appeared in the 2007 Beano Annual episode.
 * Walter The Softy also appeared in that story.
 * Vera Cow: The only girl on the farm, during the last few years.
 * Barry Chicken: Derek doesn't like him.

title: Derek the Sheep


text:
Talk:Acey-deucey

Rules
The way we always played Acey-Deucey, is that the opponent gets to use any number that you can't use.

Thus, if you are on the bar, you definitely need to get off the bar and come in; suppose you roll double fives, and the opponent has covered the 5-spot, what do you do? Nothing, because you are out of luck. Worse, the opponent gets to use the double fives, because everything rolled has to be used if it is at all possible, and he uses your double fives before he gets his turn.

Similarly if you have two men on the bar, and you roll something like a two and a three, and one of those points is already covered by your opponent, you can bring in only one of your men, but the other man remains on the bar. The way we play it, any number you can't use, ought to be used by your opponent. Hence, in the above example, you bring in one man but the opponent gets to use the other number.

When all of your men are in the home court, the numbers you throw relate to bearing men off, as moving the men from point to point is forbidden. This makes placement of the men an important matter before you bring that very last man home to your home court.

Finally, another house rule is something a little bit more serious: it makes the rule mandatory instead of optional; if you can't use a given number, then the opponent HAS to use the number!

Major Shortcoming
The article totally lacks an explanation of how the men are put onto the board. The article and many online sources are clear that the game starts with all the men/checkers/pieces off the board, but nobody says much about how they get put on. This is an important part of the game as I remember it from the wardroom of the USS Rankin 45 years ago, but I don't remember the details. I'm looking for a source that explains it. Online sources don't seem to. Lou Sander (talk) 13:37, 23 February 2009 (UTC)

Terminology
Various sources call backgammon's moving pieces "stones," "men," "checkers," etc. I've standardized this article to call them "pieces." I hope there aren't strong objections. Lou Sander (talk) 15:10, 24 February 2009 (UTC)

- One observation: Depending on how the article is interpreted, is seems to suggest that "5. A player can move pieces even if he has pieces on the bar." In our rules, one can move pieces around while there are still pieces that have not yet entered the inner board from opening play (i.e., not yet all aboard). But if "kicked" and pieces remain on the bar, no pieces can be moved until all "kicked" pieces have been brought aboard. So that is either a variant to the game, or the way it is written isn't exactly clear. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.29.43.1 (talk) 14:21, 8 July 2011 (UTC)

Acey-deucey starting
page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acey-deucey article does not explain who rolls first or first roll. 68.230.108.172 (talk) 01:17, 2 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Acey-deucey


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gay Nigger Association of America (5th nomination)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was CANCELLED. This debate was ended shortly after it was started and the article was kept. This page is retained merely as a record of that latest nomination. An editor wishing to renominate this article should first study Template:VfD-GNAA, Votes for deletion/Gay Nigger Association of America (see multiple attempts in the history), Votes for deletion/Gay Nigger Association of America Deletion (5th nomination) and Articles for deletion/Gay Nigger Association of America attempt 6. The should then study them again. Then, if they are absolutely sure of their course of action, they should ask on WP:AN for this page to be unprotected. -Splash talk 19:55, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Gay Nigger Association of America
Non-notable trolling organization DickStallman 03:09, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per six distinct findings - see Talk: Gay Nigger Association of America. ESkog 03:18, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep This is the seventh nomination of this page. Here's one and another, among more. It's not going away no matter how offensive. --CastAStone 03:26, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and protect the VFD page. Zach (Sound Off) 03:30, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.