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Talk:State highways in California/Archive 2

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Don't move this page please
Please don't move this page... California State Route is even more so a proper noun than County Route is! California State Route 22, etc. "state route" by itself is uncapitalized but California State Route is capitalized! At least discuss the move before you start just barging in! --Rschen7754 17:40, August 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Also shouldn't the people who work on the WP noted above be deciding this

Requested article move to List of California State Routes
California State Route is a proper noun. Also per examples below.Gateman1997 22:31, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

Discussion
Strongly AGREE. It has been requested that this article be moved back to List of California State Routes from list of California state routes on the basis that California State Route is a proper noun and that capitalization in article titles is to be on more then the first letter based on actual Wikipedia usage, ex: Main Page, Manual of Style, List of Arizona State Routes, and this site's own title Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Not to mention the "Chicago Manual of Style" and acedamia. English Manual of Style at Univ. of Colorado. Please note where it says, Article titles are to be capitalized.Gateman1997 18:12, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

Disagree, with citation to authority. "California state routes" is not a proper noun any more than "Portland streets" or "local highways." Squib 22:49, 8 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Wholeheartedly AGREE - "State Route" is a proper noun as defined as a type of road or proper name of a series of state owned highways. State route used as a general discription of a road in a state should be lower case.  Therefore List of California State Routes is correct, however if within another article a road is given the title of a state route, without naming the specific route name/number it should be lower case.  TEG 21:37, 8 August 2005 (UTC)
 * "California State Route" Designates a specific type or road/route in existance in California, therefore a proper noun, and thus should be capitalized, as it is in every other situation. Some states have state routes and state highways, others have a single name for all routes in the state owned by the state, regardless, the title given to a peticular road in California (i.e. SR-78) is "California State Route XX", therefore a listing of state routes should be "List of California State Routes". TEG 07:08, 9 August 2005 (UTC)
 * No one has supported the bare assertion that California State Routes, used generically, is a proper noun. Just to add some authority here, the following is from the US National Park Service’s Editing Reference Manual (January 2005):
 * "CMS 8.60 — Thoroughfares and the like. The names of streets, avenues, squares, parks, and so forth
 * are capitalized. The generic form is lowercased when used alone. In the plural, street, avenue, and such
 * are usually lowercased. ...
 * Interstate 80, I-80, an interstate highway
 * Jackson Park, the park
 * London Bridge, the bridge
 * 'U.S. Route 66; Routes 1 and 2; a state route'".
 * A state route is just a category of highway, which isn't a proper noun either. The issue should be whether there's a good reason to deviate from the Naming_conventions, because that's what the initial-caps version does. Squib 01:47, 9 August 2005 (UTC) California state routes is also in the common-noun company of California state senators, California state attorneys general, and California state parks. Squib

--15:30, August 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * There are 3 problems with this:
 * 1. A federal site gave this information... not Caltrans (the state DOT).
 * 2. This is a PARKS AND RECREATION federal site, not a highway site... the Parks and Recreation department is not in charge of highways and does not know much about them.
 * 3. This excerpt never mentions the classification of California State Route.
 * 1. Caltrans doesn't get to decide what the definition of a proper noun is. (And I haven't seen anything that says they've tried anyway.)
 * 2. The Editing Reference Manual's authority is as a professionally edited style manual, not as an edict of the federal government. Its government origin simply explains why it happens to specifically mention state route as an example. Find another style manual that does if you can. It would certainly be relevant.
 * 3. Why would it? (And how does state route magically become a proper noun in the phrase "California State Routes" when it clearly wouldn't be in "state routes in California," "California's state routes," or "a California state route"?)
 * 4. FWIW, the following is from the California Style Manual (4th ed. 2000), published by the California Supreme Court. (Yeah, the Court don't build highways, so what do they know? — They write edited prose for a living.):
 * "Sec. 4:8 Proper names, derivative words, numbered items, and labeled items
 * Capitalize otherwise common nouns and adjectives (and their plural forms) when part of a proper name. ...
 * San Bernardino Freeway
 * the freeway
 * State Route 99 or Route 99
 * U.S. Highway 101
 * the highway"
 * In other words, state route is an "otherwise common noun" only capitalized "when part of a proper name" or it wouldn't be on the list.   Squib

--Rschen775417:41, August 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Caltrans does not define a proper noun, but Caltrans can classify a noun as proper when it is in charge of maintaining the stuff that the noun represents.
 * You still never mention the existence of "California state route" in a style manual.
 * "A California State Route" is capitalized, and in that phrase "a" is the only adjective, modifying the entire phrase/proper noun "California State Route". "state route" is not capitalized, that I agree with. But "California State Route" is a proper noun since it defines a specific highway type / designation.
 * Many prominent road sites such as aaroads.com use "California State Route" even when not mentioning a specific route- here is the specific example: look for link "California State Route Log"
 * Govtrack.us also uses "California State Route 99"
 * Note the google search results on the county discussion page.
 * Google results: (Google is not case sensitive but I took a look at the boldfaced text for some hits just to make sure)
 * "California state route"- the 200 or so hits I saw all used "California State Route" except for Wikipedia and 2 other sites; and 5-6 site's "California state Route". I got bored after reading the 23rd results page; there were 7,000 hits.
 * "California state routes"- (this will have more results of "California state routes" without a number):9 hits/80 used "California state routes".
 * 1. The word "a" is no more an adjective than "California state routes" is a proper noun. 2. "Types" of things are, by definition, not proper nouns. 3. The internets do not qualify as edited prose. Squib
 * "A" is an adjective... the words a, an, and the are known as articles. According to Wikitionary, an article "specifies or limits the following noun." This falls into the definiton of an adjective, which is "a word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun, such as big or heavy." All of my grammar books (and I am still in high school) state that articles are adjectives.
 * Actually the definition for determiner summarizes it up: "a type of adjective which begins a noun phrase and includes the articles, demonstratives, and words such as some and all"
 * Now back to the subject... types of things can be proper nouns. A type is "A grouping based on shared characteristics; a class." I'll classify dogs for a second: English Springer Spaniel, Afghan Hound, Border Collie... these are all types of dogs yet all of these words are capitalized.
 * California State Routes is a proper noun... What is it a specific type of? Highway. Or you could say it is a specific type of state route.
 * The internet is not an example of edited prose... but a Wikipedia talk page isn't, either. Or should I say "is not?" But the point of the google search is to get the general consensus of whether California State Route is capitalized or not.
 * By the way state routes in California is not capitalized because in California is a prepositional phrase that modifies a common noun. State routes. Which state routes? California State Routes.

--Rschen775419:56, August 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. Though "a" is not the "only adjective" in the phrase — California and state modify route. And the use of the indefinite article means that "a California state route" is a generic, common-noun reference. California state routes is merely its plural. You’re off base as well with capitalizing dog breeds. English and Afghan, of course, are proper nouns in their own right (like California), and some breeds are registered and used like brand names, but dog breeds are not otherwise capitalized as a general rule. Your analogy therefore supports the case for "California state routes." I think it's also somewhat of an evasion. Yes, some types of things can be proper nouns as an incident of also being, e.g., a brand name or derived from a place name, but not because of the bare fact in and of itself, as you suggested, that they are specific types of things. Again, someone supporting the name change should cite some actual authority for the proposition that California state routes is a proper noun rather than simply asserting and re-asserting it. Squib

I'll start my text over here since the indent is way too big. Anyway... a English Springer Spaniel does work too. The big point with the dog breeds thing is that English Springer Spaniel has all the words capitalized in it... in Wikipedia... if you don;t agree with their capitalization philosophy then you can go over to their talk pages and argue there. The whole point is that Wikipedia chooses to capitalize these dog breeds! So why not California State Route? About definite/ indefinite articles... the California State Route works as well if you don't like a. But the example here is List of California State Routes and there are no articles that are in here. As for examples of California State Route(s)...
 * Over 75% of Google hits... over 5,000 pages online that is. 5,000 people can't be wrong.
 * Caltrans itself, who with the California State Legislature created the California State Route. Caltrans has the authority to adjust the capitalization of California State Route... just like Microsoft can adjust the capitalization of Windows XP. The Wikipedia article doesn't call it Windows Xp. Or then there's the iPod. Apple created the iPod and created the unique way it is capitalized. Both Windows XP and iPod are proper nouns because Microsoft and Apple decided to make them that way. California State Route could be considered a product.
 * AARoads, probably the most known site regarding roads.
 * Wikipedia for the last few years. Calfornia State Route(s)' have existed peacefully (except for the highways problem, but only those who actually worked on the WP would know about that) for the last few years. Why is it being brought up now?

Also note that there are no votes for the move on this page that come from people working on the WP. In other words everyone who works on the Ca hwys wp (who bothered to vote) voted for the move to California State Routes. Noone who disapproves of the move actually works on the WP. Why can those who don;'t work on the WP tell us how to run the WP? Continuing on.,.. List of Arizona State Routes and List of Interstate Highways and List of California County Routes all exist and were created by different people. I didn't create any of these pages and Gateman1997 only created one. Therefore it can be stated that the consensus of those who work on the CA/WA/AZ highways pages is to capitalize "California State Route".--Rschen775423:10, August 10, 2005 (UTC)

Yet also this page should be returned to its original name because it was moved to "List of California state routes" without discussion or consensus or any of that... and the user who did the move knew that it would be controversial... List of California county routes was moved by the same user a few hours before this one was and a discussion was begun right away. (-Rschen7754)
 * You seem to be advocating a kind of vanity capitalization. Caltrans likes to capitalize. Highway enthusiasts like to capitalize. Hey, more power to you. Lots of organizations capitalize pet projects and concepts. I'm just saying that doesn't make it a proper noun, which has an existing definition in the English language. If the actual naming convention on Wikipedia is different in practice than it is in the Naming_conventions, then somebody ought to edit the guidelines. Or a lot of somebodies in the fullness of time will continue to un-capitalize the article names. In the meantime, it would be helpful to cite some authority on the English language, which Caltrans is not. (Or mob rule is cool too.)

 * For what it's worth, I don't think that generic references to State Routes necessarily should be lowercased within the articles themselves, as long as it doesn't randomly vary within the same page. I haven't seen any official policy against taking a little stylistic license within aritcles. Consistency is the key thing, and I suspect that's what the naming convention for titles is trying to achieve. Good luck with the project. Squib
 * I found a brochure put out by the US Forest Service capitalizing the generic use of State Highways. The sentence said something like "You need to follow the same rules on Forest Roads as you do on State Highways." --Rschen7754 18:26, August 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * AGREE!!!!!!!! Here is the 1-2-3:
 * The move to list of California state routes was made without the consensus of those who ACTUALLY WORK ON HIGHWAYS ARTICLES. The people working on the WP that this is part of did not approve this move. Only people who are not listed under the Participants section of the WP page want this move to occur... interesting. I have made 427 article space edits, and I believe that there were 5 that were not highway-related. I also have started 2 WPs related to highways and am part of 2 more. I would do more work on Wikipedia if I wasn't still in high school... but I'm getting off topic. Shouldn't those who have a certain expertise in an area be the ones working on that area in Wikipedia? Isn't that the point? I don't mean to offend anyone.
 * Naming_conventions states that "Do not capitalize second and subsequent words unless the title is a proper noun (such as a name) or is otherwise almost always capitalized (for example: John Wayne, but Computer game)."
 * In this case "California State Route" is a proper noun... "state route" should be uncapitalized" but "California State Route" should be capitalized... just as "country" is uncapitalized but "United States of America" is capitalized. Even if you do not consider "California State Route" a proper noun, it is still often capitalized... the acronym CASR stands for "California State Route".

--Rschen7754 23:13, August 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page has happily resided at List of California State Routes for a long time... since February 7, 2004 to be exact. Why does it need to be moved? Can you just create a List of California state routes redirect?

 * Strongly disagree. as per User:Squib. The phrase "state route" is just like freeway, boulevard, avenue, street, etc. None of them are proper nouns. Blank Verse  ∅  03:58, 13 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Just thought I'd point out, our argument isn't that "state route" should be capitalized, it's that "California State Route" should be as it's a specific state route system. Just as "United States Interstate" would be capitalized.Gateman1997 00:02, 15 August 2005 (UTC)
 * There's the phrase I was looking for! Well I'm just gonna move the page right now though

Decision
Well if there are no immediate objections... since there appears to only be one vote to keep the page where it is I will move the page back to List of California State Routes on Monday PDT. It has been 5 days and it will have been over a week by then. --Rschen7754
 * Page moved. --Rschen7754 17:03, August 15, 2005 (UTC) 17:03, August 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * "Heads I win. Tails you lose." The "consensus" for caps here was a landslide 3 to 2 in favor of caps, so you reverted to caps. The "lack of consensus" for caps at Cal. County Routes was "only" 4 to 3 against caps, so keep the caps. Pretty lame. Squib 18:46, 15 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep in mind that this page got moved to List of California state routes WITHOUT CONSENSUS by user Radiojon. How lame is that?--Rschen7754
 * Agreed. 3 to 1 is also a consensus regardless of how few voted, however 4 to 3 is not. Sorry if you don't like the outcome but that's the way it goes. Plus as we demonstrated, it is a proper noun, just as United States Interstate and New Zealand State Highway network is.Gateman1997 19:43, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

What a waste of time
What a tremendous amount of wasted time and effort has been expended on this Talk page, at Talk:List of California County Routes, on various User Talk pages, plus WikiProject pages, etc., all in the support of ignorance. You clearly don't know what a proper noun is, so here is one clear definition:

 * PROPER NOUN: capitalized name: the name of a specific person or thing, normally beginning with a capital letter and not used with the indefinite article or a modifier, e.g. "York," "Sally," or "Henderson" [my emphasis]

Note that that the definition says "specific person or thing". The definition does not say specific type of person or thing.

California is a proper noun because it refers to s specific state. Orange County Route S18 and California State Route 55 are both proper nouns because they refer to a specific county route and a specific state route. Note, however, that I did NOT capitalize county route or state route at the end of that sentence, because in those cases they are not referring to any specific road, but are just referring to a type of road.

Also note in the definition the mention of the indefinite article (a or an). So I would write, for example: "I drove Pacific Coast Highway up the coast to Big Sur, which I thought was an interstate highway just like U.S. 101, but someone told me that it was just a California state route." Both "California state route" and "interstate highway" are not proper nouns. [Both Wikipedia links, unfortunately, are redirects to the capitalized versions and should be renamed.]

Because you are so dead set on violating a very clear rule in the Wikipedia's Manual of Style, you have brought up all sort of information that has absolutely no relevance to the issue.
 * Book titles like the "Chicago Manual of Style" are irrelevant because the Wikipedia does not titled their articles in the same way that books are titled
 * what other websites do, like aaroads.com, does not matter because they don't necessarily use the same editing style as the Wikipedia.
 * a Google search is irrelevant for the same reason.
 * even what Caltrans and the Forest Service says on their websites is irrelevant for the same reason.
 * The way that different lists are titled or mis-titled on the Wikipedia really shouldn't matter because a significant minority of them do not follow the Wikipedia MOS and should be retitled.
 * The fact that the article has been using a title that does not follow the Wikipedia MOS for a very long time does not matter either—articles get renamed all the time to match the MOS.

Although filing an Request for comments would bring more people into this discussion (and I believe would result in changing the consensus for this title of this article back to the lower case version), I will not fight the reverting of title of this article. On the other hand, after doing some investigating, I have seen that a very large number of lists on the Wikipedia do not follow the "proper noun" rule that is very clearly stated at Naming_conventions. What I will probably do instead is propose a more general "List title standardization" effort, that, if successful, would result in the renaming of a large number of Lists that do not currently follow the Wikipedia Manual of Style.

One more thing: Now that you've renamed this page, you are supposed to go through and clean up all the double-redirects. Blank Verse  ∅ 03:14, 16 August 2005 (UTC) Uh, guys, the capitalization is wrong. We need to find some way to move it back to the lowercase version. Sorry I missed the voting. --Yath 07:06, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * There are no double redirects as the original person who modified this article contrary to consensus and proper English did not fix them in the first place.Gateman1997 06:46, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * If you look at What links here, you will see that there are numerous double-redirects. For example, there are numerous articles that have links to List of California State Highways, which redirects to List of California state routes, which now redirects to List of California State Routes. Blank Verse  ∅  08:26, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I concur. I just came back from a trip to Europe and am horrified at how silly this discussion has become.  The name should be lowercase for all the reasons already stated. --Coolcaesar 09:32, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Well I stand by that it should be upper case for reasons stated. It is a proper noun.Gateman1997 15:58, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

You know what? THE DEBATE IS OVER! Now live with the results! The people who actually work on this WP should be the ones making this DECISION!--Rschen7754
 * Okay... if you want to open up the debate again... whatever. What about English Springer Spaniels? They are a type of dog, would you not agree? Yet Wikipedia capitalizes it. California State Route can also be a part of a highway system. A part is a thing, and a type is a thing, so this should also be moot. This last section is a waste of time too. This has already been decided. Also how many highway contributions have you made? (This is besides VFDing our templates and reverting our edits). Do I see your names on the CASR WP page? --Rschen7754
 * Okay... another question: is "to VFD" a verb? If you want something to discuss then there it is. --Rschen7754

Interstate Highway is a proper noun; otherwise it is a highway that goes in more than one state. --SPUI (talk) 23:57, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It's no more a proper noun than "cotton gin". It describes a class of objects. "Interstate 5" is a big road in California. It is one of the interstate highways. It is an interstate highway. A lengthier term for it might be "Interstate Highway 5". See? --Yath 00:32, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Cotton gin is not designated by state/ federal law as a specific type of highway system. Interstate 5 is an Interstate Highway. The capital letters indicate that Interstate 5 is a freeway, has a design speed of 65 mph in rural areas and 55 mph in urban areas, has 2+ lanes in each direction, has no at-grade intersections, is numbered by the FHWA, etc. etc. etc. U.S. Highway 101 is an interstate highway. This is so because it does have at-grade intersections, has one lane in each direction (sometimes), has a low design speed, is numbered by the AASHTO, blah blah blah. This is why the capitalization is needed. Also where is your name on the CASR WP? Noone has answered that question yet.--Rschen7754

 * Your lack of distinction between classes of objects and specific ones is still evident, and your ad hominem (insisting that only members of WP:CASR may participate) is troubling. Maybe someone else can get through to you. --Yath 19:18, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Well... what I am saying is that people keep interfering with this WP who aren't part of it... trying to delete the cleanupcsh template, messing with capitalization, trying to delete a highway article, opening up closed debates... that is why I am a little bit frustrated. Anyone can join the CASR WP if they are interested and willing to contribute; it's just frustrating when people who aren;t working on the CASR articles challenge our standards. As for the matter at hand... Congress originally and specifically defined the Interstate Highway system. The Interstate Highway system is a specific type of classification. An interstate highway is a general type of classification. Any highway can go between 2 or more states and be an interstate highway. Only highways that meet the specific standards described above can be Interstate Highways. Also note that I-16 is an intrastate highway but it is an Interstate Highway (it only goes through Georgia yet is part of the Interstate Highway System). --Rschen7754 21:01, August 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * As your edit above shows, you are still confusing things. The "Interstate Highway System" is a proper noun and should be consistently capitalized for all the words in the phrase. An "interstate highway" does NOT refer to a specific highway. Therefore is not a proper noun and should not be capitalized. On the other hand, Interstate 710 refers to a specific interstate highway and is capitalized.

 * Also: remember this is a wiki where "anyone can edit" and they can edit any page that they want. They don't have to belong to a specific WikiProject to edit the pages associated with that WikiProject. For example, I'm a doer, but not much of a joiner. I have several WikiProjects and Regional notice boards on my watchlist (I've even created a couple of WikiProjects), but I've never added my User name as a participant to any of them. If I see something that interests me, I will help out (and often do), but I see no reason to add myself as an "official" participant. Blank Verse  ∅  21:58, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

I suggest that the best rule of thumb for determining if they are proper nouns or not is: Do you use the definate article (the) or indefinate article (a or an) with "county route" or "state route". Then compare that usage with highway, freeway, avenue, boulevard, street, road, etc. Blank Verse  ∅  21:58, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Only problem in this instance it fits neither case.Gateman1997 18:44, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Consider the following paragraph:

 * After we had been driving down the winding potholed backroad from my cousin's house, it was nice to turn onto a well-maintained two-lane road. We debated whether it was a county route or a state route because we had seen no road signs. It was probably a dozen miles or more before we finally saw the pentagon-shaped sign for a California county route. Soon after that, we reached an intersection where we turned onto a four-lane highway marked by the spade-shaped signs for a California state route. Eventually we came to a freeway. The sign on the onramp had the familar red, white and blue shield for an interstate highway.

 * Note that I always used the indefinate article. In that paragraph all of the following are common nouns: road, county route, state route, California county route, California state route, freeway, and interstate freeway. The only "the" that you will find for a road is "the ... backroad", which is refering to a specific backroad that is not named, so "backroad" is also a common noun. Blank Verse <font color=#2554C7> <font color=#F660AB>∅  08:50, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Okay. This my view on the subject matter. When you talk about a particular state route and name it with a number, you are talking about a proper noun object. Example: California State Route 99 or State Route 99. When you are talking a list or a group of state routes, with no reference to a specific number, meaning you are collectively referring to state routes of California or California state routes, you do not capitalize it because it is not a proper noun. In any case, California is always a proper noun, and you'd always capitalize it. But in the context of what state route is used in, determines whether it is part of a proper noun object or not. You'd capitalize "Route 99" simply because that is a proper noun which is a name of a road. Adding the word "state" in front of "Route 99" includes "state" part of the proper noun object, thus it would be capitalized. However, it does not follow that because "California" is a proper noun, everything after it must be capitalized. You don't refer to "California Public Schools", you refer it as "California public schools". As for the spaniel, that's the name of the dog. It's a proper noun because it is a name. Proper nouns are names of people, places, things, etc. The key word defining what a proper noun is whether it is naming something. I mean, it would be stupid to say "The Wikipedia: Free Content, Anyone Can Edit, Encyclopedia" because that's not the title of the Wikipedia. --AllyUnion (talk) 09:18, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Thoughts: So why are county routes and state routes classified as to whether they are common or specific by the article that precedes it? Let's do that with cars then: "I will buy a ford escape." "I will buy the Ford Escape." What's the difference? Also... Interstate 16 is NOT an interstate highway. You need the capitalization to diffrentiate. Also you could say that County Road S-18 is a California state highway because it is a highway... in California state. The capitalization diffrentiates. (Interstate 5 is included in California code so I couldn't use that in the example). If you don't like the county road example then use (hidden) Interstate 305... it appears nowhere in the CS&HC so it is a California state highway. By the way... yes I do know what a proper noun is... I don't need someone to tell me. Also (I must have used that word several times already)... I quote from Naming conventions: '' Convention: Do not capitalize second and subsequent words unless the title is a proper noun (such as a name) or is otherwise almost always capitalized (for example: John Wayne, but not Computer game).'' First off... California State Route is a name of a (portion of) a highway system. Second... even if it is not a proper noun, then it is almost always capitalized as the Google search proves. Third... off to Nouns... Proper nouns (also called proper names) are names and denote unique entities. California State Route is an unique entity. (Sorry but I don't know if an an is used there). There you have it... --Rschen7754 03:14, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Interesting. Unique is not a word that I would have generally associated with the subject of a . . .  L I S T. Squib 22:13, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, yes... it is a proper noun of a preposition. Now I'm confused. --AllyUnion (talk) 07:08, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Unique could describe the California State Route... there is no other highway classification in the world exactly like the CASR. Kentucky's highway system is not defined in one set highway code, for example. BTW, the leader of the KYSH WP recently corrected the capitalization of "List of Kentucky state highways" to "List of Kentucky State Highways." --Rschen7754


text:
Talk:Two Lefts Don't Make a Right...but Three Do

Untitled
Anyone else think this is a fun cd? -- User:KelticK

Well, I'm not a big RK fan, but it is a pretty fun cd. STAREYe

Extra Trivia?
Hey, does anybody else realize that in "I'm in Love with the 80's (Pink Tux to the Prom)" the opening tune is similar to the lead in a Cars song? ("Tonight She Comes" I think)

Maybe this should be mentioned?

Track 12
Can anybody prove that Track 12 is called "Kids on the Street"? I always assumed, since it was skipped from the track listing on the back of the cd, that it was untitled. I could be wrong, though. Roofi's Publicist 02:23, 12 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Really, its called "Untitled" but known to fans as "Kids on the Street"--User:NFAN3|NFAN3 12:06, 23 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Not just that, but in the booklet, when it names those kids on the track, it called them the "Kids on the Street".

just wanted to add, track 12 is given the title "Kids on the Street" on the 2015 vinyl release UltimateRiff (talk) 07:21, 25 July 2022 (UTC)

Gold
Yo, like should we add info 'bout the gold release?
 * Uh, yeah. It's new information about a re-release of the album, and it very much deserves to be in the album's article. By the way, it doesn't annoy me too much, but just for others who it might upset, you mgiht want to sign your posts here.RoryS89 21:19, 26 October 2006 (UTC)RoryS89

Fair use rationale for Image:Twoleftscovers.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 07:02, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Sadarak (town)

Sadarak (Sədərək) is a town and the most populous municipality in the Sadarak District of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. It is located to the north-east of the district center, on the Sadarak plain. Its population is engaged in grain-growing, vine-growing and animal husbandry. There are wine processing plants, a branch of the garment factory of Nakhchivan, two secondary schools, a primary school, kindergartens, technical creativity centre, cultural house, club, library, children's music school, hospital, sanitary-epidemiological station, television transmitter and three mosques in the town. It has a population of 7,260.

Etymology
There are different theories about the origin of the town's name. According to some researchers, the word Sədərək (Sederek) was formed from the combination of the Persian words of "se dərə" (three valleys), or "sed rəng" (hundreds of colours). According to folk etymology, "Sederek" means "sel gerek" (flood-prone). Some researchers, believe that the "Səgrək" name which is mentioned in the epic The Book of Dede Korkut was transformed to "Sederek" as a place name. But, according to recent studies, the name of the "Sederek" comes from the Arabic word Sədər (camp) with an additional suffix of -ək. It is assumed that the town was founded in the former military camp area.

Ancient period
Sederek cave, burial monuments of the Bronze Age, the ruins of the cyclopes building named "Div hörən" (Built by Giant) allows to assume that this area is the ancient human settlement. The researchers, confirmed that the average flow banks of the Araz River including Sederek plain, at different times was part of the large state associations of Van, Medes, Assyrian kingdoms. In early Middle Ages, area have been under the sphere of influence of Persian Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Arab caliphate, and later the states of Atabegs, Kara Koyunlu and Ag Qoyunlu. In the period of Safavid, Sederek was part of Chukhursad province along with the present territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.

Medieval period
Medieval ages settlement of Sederek has covered a large area on the left bank of the Araz River, in the south-east of the same named town of modern period. Located at the crossroads of trade and caravan routes Sederek, increased to city level in the Middle Ages, here have been built water pipeline with earthenware pipes. French traveler Jean Chardin (1643-1713), Turkish traveler, geographer Evliya Çelebi (1611–82) and others gave interesting information about the Sederek. Evliya Çelebi, who visited Azerbaijan many times (1640–44, 1646–48, 1655–56) writes about Sederek in his work of “Seyahatname”: "We ... have reached the town of Sadarak. The town which is located in the land of Nakhchivan ... is beautiful and prosperous, there have 1000 beautiful houses, countless gardens and vineyards, pleasant climate. All of its population is Shia. Behind the city, at the foot of the high hill near the gardens, the hot water comes out".

Since 18th century
Since beginning of 18th century, Sederek was under the control of the Ottomans. According to the Turkmenchay Treaty in 1828, Nakhchivan and Erivan Khanate, also along with Sederek have been annexed to Russia.

Demographics
In the 1910 publication of the Caucasian Calendar, Sadarak (Садарак), which had a predominantly Tatar (later known as Azerbaijani) population, erroneously appears to have a population of 42,112 in 1908. The population appeared in a more realistic number in the 1912 publication as 4,127 in 1911, and 4,130 in 1914 (according to the 1915 publication).

In 2009, the town had a population of 9,306.

Historical-archaeological monuments
During the archaeological excavations in 1958 and 1978 in the south of the Sadarak were discovered the settlement of the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age (4-3 millennium of BC). From here were obtained tools made from basalt and tuff (the grain stones, graters, pestle, teeth of sickle, etc.), the obsidian plates, chisel, curry-comb, tools from flint, fragments of various clay pots (pitcher, cup, etc.). The tools were used in grain harvest, in to make tools from a bone and wood, etc. The materials from the place of residence of Sederek are similar to the ceramics products which were revealed from Kultepe I and other monuments of the Eneolit period.

title: Sadarak (town)


text:
Şahbuz

Şahbuz (Shahbuz) is a city and municipality in and capital of Shahbuz District, in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 3,127.

title: Şahbuz


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Talk:Stars – The Best of 1992–2002 (DVD)

Some one please merge it with Stars - The Best of 1992 - 2002 DVD. My english is too poor to do so. Only, as far as I can see, first paragraph is needed to be merged. --Anupam Srivastava 06:01, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Merged
I merged Stars - The Best of 1992–2002 (DVD) into Stars: The Best of 1992–2002 and added an infobox as this article was not included in the template for The Cranberries. It now appears in similar fashion to U2's Rattle and Hum CD/Film.

jh0367 (talk) 13:24, 29 August 2009 (UTC)


text:
Sharur

Sharur (Şərur ) is a city in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. It is the administrative centre of the Sharur District. The city is located 66 km northwest of Nakhchivan city, on the Sharur plain.

History
In a manuscript of the 16th-century Oghuz heroic epic Book of Dede Korkut stored in Dresden, the place Sheryuguz is mentioned, which, according to a Russian orientalist and historian Vasily Bartold, is a distorted form of Sharur. In the Russian Empire, the town was the administrative centre of the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd of the Erivan Governorate and was known as Bash-Norashen.

In 1948, the city received the status of an urban-type settlement, and on 26 May 1964, it was renamed from Norashen to Ilyichevsk, after Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. In 1981, Ilyichevsk received the status of a city, and in 1991 the city was renamed Sharur according to the historical name of the area.

Demographics
Until 1905, Sharur, then known as Bashnorashen (Башнорашен), was composed of 100 Armenian and 25 Tatar households, a Russian primary school, telegraph-office, and a police station. The population was engaged in gardening, cultivated cotton and rice. The Armenian element of the population was "eliminated" during the Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–1907. In 1897, Bashnorashen, which had the status of a selo ("rural locality"), had a population of 867 consisting of 597 Tatars and 132 Armenians. In the early 20th century, the settlement had a predominantly Tatar population of 749.

According to official information from The State Statistics Committee of Azerbaijan, on January 1, 2020, the city had a population of about 7,400.

Culture
Sharur has two parks, a stadium, a museum, a mosque, a monument-memorial to those killed in the First Nagorno-Karabakh war and a cinema.

Notable natives

 * Arthur Voloshin – Hero of Russia.
 * Adil Aliyev – President of the Azerbaijan Kickboxing Federation and a member of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan.

Twin Towns

 * 🇹🇷 Iğdır, Turkey

title: Sharur


text:
Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Work via WikiProjects

This sub-project for the Wikipedia 1.0 editorial team seeks to identify quality Wikipedia articles and key articles using information from individual WikiProjects (WPs). This approach taps into local knowledge of more specialist corners of Wikipedia and brings the benefit of some element of peer review by subject experts.

There are four main areas of work:
 * 1) The bot-supported assessment scheme serves as a valuable tool for WikiProjects while supplying this project with quality and importance information from those WikiProjects. Our role is now mainly support & guidance.
 * 2) We are now locating subject areas that need better coverage, and assisting with assessment and project launches (in collaboration with WP:COUNCIL).  Currently our most active area of activity.
 * 3) A new bot assisted article selection, currently being tested, will evaluate information from the WikiProjects in combination with external metrics to produce a selection of articles that are both important and of acceptable quality.
 * 4) Manual article assessment tables (See /Obsolete sections): Since the bot became widely established, these tables are much less used, but some maintenance is still needed.  MartinBotII will be using information from these tables as well as the WP1.0 Bot tables.

Members
Please join us! Sign below:

Using WP1.0 bot for WikiProject-based assessments
WikiProjects are encouraged to use WP 1.0 bot and the assessment scheme to coordinate project activities in compiling lists of articles and ranking them by quality and (if desired) priority (also called importance). Most projects coordinate this work using a task force/department such as this, or an assessment page such as this. People conducting assessments are encouraged to use Pyrospirit's tool (choose metadata.js on User:Pyrospirit/scripts).

Quality assessments are fairly standard across all projects, but priority/importance are evaluated relative to the project's own priorities. If desired, projects can make small adjustments to these schemes for internal use (for example, Mathematics records "B+" grades internally), but these will not be read by the bot. In the quality scheme, note that the "GA" level is not an internal assessment but rather an external tag – all GAs can be assessed as either A or B - and so a few projects choose not to use the GA level. Priority/importance can be a divisive issue in some subject areas, and may need to be handled carefully when established. Projects may choose to tailor their importance criteria to suit the specifics of their subject, to assess the priority of only a few articles, or to not assess importance at all.

Areas with poor coverage
This is currently the main focus of active work by the WVWP project. We are seeking to identify those areas that currently receive scant coverage from WikiProject oversight, to ensure that major topics in those areas are adequately assessed and included in our releases. In collaboration with WP:COUNCIL, we also hope to assist in establishing WikiProjects in those areas if needed.
 * In cases where we find active projects but little or no assessments, we may politely offer guidance and help to establish assessment activities.
 * In cases where we find inactive projects in poorly covered subject areas, we may try to re-activate those projects and energize them through assessment activities.
 * In subject areas where there is a clear need for a WikiProject, we may try to identify editors who could work in such areas, then we would offer support (with help from the WikiProject Council) in establishing projects and the associated assessments.

The categories containing almost all orphans that need WikiProjects can be found at Category:Unassessed articles and Category:Stub-Class articles. Higher-class assessed articles without a WikiProject can be found in similarly named categories.

Bot-assisted article selection
Work has now begun developing a bot-assisted scheme for article selection. VeblenBot or its successor will be used to scan the information from WikiProjects and combine this with "Google-type" algorithms that rank article importance to produce a list of articles that meet our criteria for inclusion for offline release versions. Manual article selection will still be available, but this is expected to provide only a small proportion of the articles.

We are still developing suitable algorithms, but the principles have been agreed on. In order to be selected, an article will need to achieve above a specified "score". Part of this score will come from the quality assessment provided by the projects. The other part of the score will come from the importance as judged by at least some of the following parameters:

 * Importance of the article from manual WikiProject assessments
 * Links into the article – more links-in means more important. It is intended to weigh these links-in based in turn on their importance.
 * Reader "hits". These data have become available recently, and used for compiling tables such as the "Top 100".  Clearly articles that are popular should be considered important, though (as the Top 100 shows) this should not be the only parameter used.
 * Equivalent articles in other languages (interwikis). Clearly an article that is well represented in many other language Wikipedias is important.  This will also help us obtain something closer to a World-Wide view.


text:
USS Purdy

USS Purdy (DD-734), was an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer of the United States Navy.

Namesake
Frederick Warren Purdy was born on 4 December 1911 in Chicago, Illinois. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy and was commissioned as an Ensign on 1 June 1933. He served at sea on the USS Mississippi (BB-41), USS Bagley (DD-185) and USS California (BB-44) and ashore at Newport, Rhode Island, Washington, D.C., and Annapolis, Maryland. On 7 December 1941 during the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor he was stationed on the California, Kenneth Dawson wrote in his after action report to the California's captain "I would like to recommend that you consider writing an official commendatory letter regarding Lieutenant F. W. Purdy. Purdy was apparently overlooked when all the J.O.'s were commended for fighting fires, rescuing wounded, etc.  Purdy went to Plot when G.Q. sounded; left there after establishing communications and checking switching; manned Air Defense and took over Sky Control (and nearly got strafed en route) and remained there during the entire attack.  After I had him relieved (Mandelkorn was not then on board) Purdy personally fought fires, took charge of the various parties engaged therein, supervised rescue of badly burned and injured personnel, and in general did the usual good work for which he could always be depended upon. I think he was one of the best officers on the ship and his work on the 7th merits commendation."

On 10 June 1942 he reported to the destroyer USS Strong (DD-467) as a prospective executive officer, and sailed aboard the destroyer to the Solomon Islands. Strong was part of a task force that bombarded Vila and Bairoko Harbor, initiating the naval part of the campaign for Munda. On the night of July 4–5, 1943, Strong was sunk. Lieutenant Commander Purdy assisted forecastle personnel to a rescue vessel and then returned to search for an injured man reported to be on the deck behind the gun mount. He was not seen again, and he was posthumously awarded the Silver Star.

Construction and commissioning
Purdy (DD-734) was laid down by the Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine, 22 December 1943 and launched on 7 May 1944; sponsored by Mrs. F. W. Purdy, widow of Lieutenant Commander Purdy. The ship was commissioned on 18 July 1944.

World War II
Following shakedown off Bermuda and operations in the Caribbean, Purdy departed Trinidad, 7 February 1945 for San Diego, whence she steamed west arriving at Leyte 17 March to rehearse the invasion of Okinawa. Ten days later she sailed with TU 51.13.2 for Okinawa. Screening the transports of the Southern Attack Force en route, she arrived 1 April and assumed radar picket station duty off that last Japanese bastion. Continuing that kamikaze imperiled duty after the initial landings, she fought fires on, and then returned injured survivors from, heavily damaged destroyer USS Mullany (DD-528) to Kerama Retto on 6 April. Six days later, with USS Cassin Young (DD-793) some 60 miles off Okinawa, she suffered a similar fate.

Attacked by a formation of about 30 enemy planes, both ships opened fire and with the aid of carrier aircraft were able to turn away most of the attackers. Two, however, broke through to score hits on Cassin Young. A third, closing Purdy, was splashed but momentum carried it to the destroyer where its bomb broke loose, pierced her plating and exploded to kill 15, seriously wound 25, and cause extensive damage.

Purdy made it back to Kerama Retto, underwent temporary repairs there and at Guam, and arrived at San Francisco 28 May. Repairs and training completed she sailed to Hawaii, thence 20 October to Japan. In Japanese waters for the next four months, she served as harbor control vessel at Point Bungo, transported passengers and mail, and performed medical and guard duties. On 21 February 1946, she sailed for San Diego, thence proceeded to Portland, Maine, arriving 16 April. In June, she entered the Boston Navy Yard for a six month overhaul; then, in December, shifted to her homeport, Newport, Rhode Island. Spring maneuvers in the Caribbean preceded her first Mediterranean tour and in mid-August 1947 she returned to Newport. From September 1948 to January 1949 she again sailed in European waters and in June she reported to New Orleans, whence she conducted naval reserve training cruises until March 1951. Then deployed to the Mediterranean, she resumed operations out of Newport in June.

Korean War
Four months later Purdy, with DesDiv 122, got underway for a return to a Pacific combat zone and on 31 October reported to TF 95 off the coast of Korea. Fire support for minesweeping operations at Hungnam preceded five weeks as flagship, Songjin-Chongjin unit of the Blockade and Escort Force. Christmas in Japan and antisubmarine training exercises off Okinawa interrupted combat operations, but in January 1952 she returned to Korean waters and for the next six weeks sailed with TF 77, the fast carrier force.

Relieved from Korean War duty 27 February, Purdy sailed for home via the Suez Canal and on 21 March completed her round-the-world cruise. Western Atlantic and Caribbean exercises carried her into 1953 and on 27 April she departed Newport for a second circumnavigation of the earth. Steaming via Suez, she arrived at Yokosuka on 9 June and after availability again took up duties with TF 77. Escort duty for the cruiser USS Bremerton (CA-130), bombardment and patrol operations from Chongjin to Wonsan, and duty with TF 96 preceded a reassignment to TF 77 and finally to TF 95 again for Pusan-Pohang patrol. Departing the Far East almost two months after the truce, she arrived at San Francisco 5 October and was back in the New England area by the end of the month.

Cold War
After Korea, Purdy regularly rotated east coast and Caribbean training operations with NATO exercises and 6th Fleet duty. In June 1955 she received the first Atomic-Biological-Chemical washdown system to be introduced to the fleet and-during the summers of 1956, 1957, and 1958—she made midshipmen summer training cruises, to Chile in 1957 and to Europe in 1958. Two years later while calling at Gythion, Greece, three of her crew were injured ashore assisting the local inhabitants contain a raging fire until fire fighting equipment could be brought from 25 mi away. On its arrival Purdy's "fire-fighters" continued to assist by manning hoses which replaced the bucket brigade.

Purdy was employed with the recovery forces for Project Mercury in the spring of 1961 and in the fall she cruised off the Dominican Republic supporting U.S. efforts to maintain stability in the Caribbean. A year later she returned to that sea for the same reason, but off a different island, and during November operated with other vessels implementing the Cuban Quarantine during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

On 1 April 1965 Purdy left DesRon 12 to commence operations with ResDesRon 30. Homeported at Fall River, Massachusetts, into 1970, she trained naval reservists, served as a school ship for Naval Destroyer School officer students, and tested and evaluated new equipment.

She was stricken from the register on 1 July 1973. Purdy was sold on 11 June 1974 to Northern Metals, Philadelphia and broken up for scrap.

Purdy earned one battle star during World War II and 3 during the Korean War.

title: USS Purdy


text: User talk:129.252.20.18

title: User talk:129.252.20.18


text:
Lomandra

Lomandra, commonly known as mat rushes, is a genus of perennial, herbaceous monocots in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Lomandroideae. There are 51 species, all of which are native to Australia; two of them also extend into New Guinea and New Caledonia.

They are generally tufted dioecious perennials with long narrow blade-like leaves that arise from a central stemless base and have thick woody rhizomes and fibrous roots.

Taxonomy
Now in the Asparagaceae, this genus was formerly assigned to the family Dasypogonaceae, Xanthorrhoeaceae, or Liliaceae.

Species
According to Plants of the World Online, there are 64 species recognised :

title: Lomandra


text:
Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/WPArts

<!--

NOTE TO LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE PROJECTS: There is now a separate page for this area, please go to Language & literature.

This lists the results from contacting the Arts Wikiprojects for Work via WikiProjects. Only active Wikiprojects (based on no. participants and talk page activity) are being contacted. Other lists are available for Economics and business, Hobbies and recreation, Humanities, Science, Technology and Places.

WikiProject Arts
Contacted June 18, 2006. No response by June 29.

WikiProject Radio Stations

 * Contacted October 2nd 2005. Recontacted February 2nd, 2006.  Still no response by April 22nd, 2006.
 * Second round contact on June 12, 2006. No response by June 29.

WikiProject Soap Operas

 * Contacted October 2nd 2005. Still no response by April 22nd, 2006.
 * Second round contact on June 12, 2006. No response by June 29.

WikiProject Television Stations

 * Contacted October 2nd 2005. Still no response by April 22nd, 2006.
 * Second round contact on June 12, 2006. No response by June 29.

WikiProject British TV channels

 * Contacted October 2nd 2005. Re-contacted shortly afterwards. They are now planning a collaboration.
 * Second round: Contacted June 15, 2006, they provided a list. Recontacted June 17.

WikiProject List of Television Episodes

 * Contacted October 4th 2005. Still no response by April 23, 2006.
 * Second round: Contacted June 15, 2006. Active group, but no response by June 29.

WikiProject 24

 * Second round: Contacted June 17, 2006. They gave us a list of their top five:

Wikipedia:WikiProject Avatar: The Last Airbender
Already using the bot, see the listing.

WikiProject Buffyverse
Contacted October 4th 2005. Re-contacted October 11th 2005. They have compiled a list of key articles that they plan to work on before submitting them to us. Recontacted April 23, 2006.

WikiProject Dad's Army

 * Second round: Contacted June 17, 2006. No response by June 29, 2006.

WikiProject Doctor Who

 * Contacted October 4th 2005. Re-contacted October 31st 2005.
 * Second round contact Jun 29, 2006. They replied immediately.

WikiProject EastEnders

 * Second round: Contacted June 17, 2006. List provided, no assessments, recontacted June 18 & 25, 2006.

WikiProject Eurovision

 * Second round: Contacted June 17, 2006. Short list provided, with some detail, recontacted June 19.

WikiProject Firefly
Brand new project. They are preparing to use the bot (Jul 2, 2006).

WikiProject Hitchhiker's Guide

 * Second round: Contacted June 29, 2006.

WikiProject ITC Productions

 * Second round: Contacted June 17, 2006. No response by July 2, believed to be fairly inactive.

WikiProject Owarai

 * Second round: Contacted June 17, 2006. Suggest including Owarai articles in WP:Japan list, which is now using the bot.

WikiProject The Simpsons

 * Second round: Contacted June 17, 2006. List provided, recontacted June 19. Now using the bot.

}}

WikiProject Stargate

 * First round: Contacted April 08, 2006. 8 articles suggested so far.
 * Second round: Contacted June 29, 2006, received request of clarification. 13 articles suggested.

As with Star Trek, a common criticism of our pages is that they start from a fictional rather than nonfictional point of view; however most agree that this is ridiculous considering the subject matter is inherently fictional. Nevertheless, an effort has been made to look at articles from a nonfictional perspective.

This list is made up of our most crucial articles, and our very best articles. Our project has hundreds more articles of varying quality and importance. Only the best are listed here.

WikiProject Star Trek

 * First round: Contacted October 4th 2005. Recontacted October 27th, 3 suggested so far. A common criticism is that these pages are more like fan sites or even "fancruft" than encyclopedic articles, but some are well-written and referenced. We will have to make that call at time of publication.
 * Second round: Contacted Jun 29, 2006.

WikiProject Thomas

 * Second round: Contacted June 17, 2006. Gave us their three top articles, we thanked them.

WikiProject Films

 * Contacted October 4th 2005. Re-contacted October 31st 2005. Later response elsewhere, we can probably recontact them now.
 * Second round contact on June 15th. They immediately started using the bot!  See the new bot-generated list.

WikiProject Anime and manga
Contacted October 2nd 2005. Recontacted 13 October 2005, response via talk page gave results below. Now using the bot to generate a set of lists covering about 2000 articles.

WikiProject Digimon Systems Update
No first round contact. Contacted June 25, 2006.

WikiProject American Animation
New project since first round. Contacted June 25, 2006; revived this October.

WikiProject Machinima
New project since first round. They already have a list produced by the bot.

WikiProject Star Wars
New project since first round. Contacted Jun 26 2006. Responses received Jun 28, we thanked them.

WikiProject Porn stars
Second round contact 25 Jun 2006. List provided, recontacted 2 July 2006.

WikiProject Professional wrestling

 * Contacted October 4th 2005. Re-contacted October 7th 2005. There is a question about the "blurring of fact and fiction."  Assessments have been based on the assumption that the content is fact.
 * Second round contact 29 Jun 2006. They provided a good long list.  Replied 6 & 22 July.

WikiProject Comics
Contacted January 25, 2006, no response by June 10, 2006.

WikiProject Music
Contacted December 4th, 2005. Contacted June 26, 2006. Immediate response, they are going to work on a list.

WikiProject World music
For main listing seem Version 1.0 Editorial Team/World music articles by quality, automatically updated by the bot.

WikiProject Albums
Contacted December 4th, 2005. Response was on our talk page, here. This listing has been assessed (only part so far).

WikiProject Composers

 * First round: Contacted 10 Deceomber, 2005. No response by 13 January, 2006. They added some to this list later on.
 * Second round: Contacted 3 July 2006.

WikiProject Music genres
See talk page and Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Music genre articles by quality,

WikiProject Classical music

 * First round: Contacted January 14, 2006. No response by June 10, 2006.
 * Second round: Contacted Jul 3, 2006.

WikiProject Songs

 * First round: Contacted January 30, 2006. No response by June 10, 2006.
 * Second round: Contacted Jul 3, 2006. They are starting to use the bot, see their list.

WikiProject Music terminology
Contacted January 30, 2006. No response by June 10, 2006.

WikiProject The Beatles
Now auto-generated by Mathbot. See also our article assessment department at WikiProject The Beatles/Assessment.

Assessments in the following table were originally done for WP:Music/WP:Albums:

WikiProject The KLF
List now auto-generated by Mathbot.

WikiProject Queen

 * WikiProject Queen/Assessment

WikiProject Dance
No contact first time (was inactive), but reactivated shortly afterwards. Second round contact on Jul 12, 2006.

WikiProject Opera
Contacted January 30, 2006. Recontacted February 3, 2006, info Contact with WP Opera|here. They are working "on the fundamentals right now," since they believe Opera to be a weak area of coverage on Wikipedia. They have asked for help on technical issues, and I have agreed to help them.
 * Greetings from the WikiProject Opera. I've been trying to get in contact via User:Shanel. We have some concerns about the bot-driven assessments of Biography/Musicians Project (the latter is a popular music project) and we'd prefer to be dealing with the team direct, however we are a small, highly specialized project and need your advice. Regards--Kleinzach 09:52, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Magic
Contacted January 30, 2006. Recontacted February 3, 2006. They have said that Bullet catch could use a fact-check and copyvio check.

WikiProject Theatre
Contacted January 25, 2006. Recontacted January 26, 2006.

WikiProject New York Theatre
Believed inactive.

WikiProject Elizabethan theatre
No first round contact (new?). Second round contact on July 14, 2006.

WikiProject Musical Theatre

 * (Formerly called WikiProject Broadway Musicals, till May 2006, and WikiProject Musicals till July 2006). Not contacted in first round.
 * Second round contact July 14, 2006.

WikiProject Stagecraft
Contacted September 18, 2006.

WikiProject Drum Corps
Contacted January 25, 2006. Recontacted January 26, 2006
 * Two articles are being cleaned up at the moment.

WikiProject Visual arts
Contacted January 25, 2006, no response by June 10, 2006.

WikiProject Contemporary Art
Contacted January 25, 2006, no response by June 10, 2006.


text:
Solimana (state)

Solimana was a small West African state of the nineteenth century with a capital at the fortress town of Falaba. Situated on rich trading routes in what is now Sierra Leone, Solimana was visited in 1822 by Alexander Gordon Laing and in 1869 by William Winwood Reade, making it nominally British.

It was formed by the Yalunka of the Samura clan, it was an amalgamation of various Yalunka clans in order to resist Futa Jallon expansion. The state managed to survice the threat and began to expand its political influence within the region.

In 1884, Mandinka conqueror Samori joined the king of Kaliere in attacking Solimana, then under the rule of Manga Sewa. After Samori's general N'fa Ali destroyed a number of surrounding villages, the Mandinka forces began a five-month siege of Falaba itself. With the city's residents starved nearly to death, Manga Sewa gathered his family in Falaba's gunpowder magazine and lit a torch, simultaneously killing himself and breaching Falaba's walls.

The territory of Solimana was then briefly assimilated into Samori's Wassoulou Empire. Following Samori's own fall several years later, it was claimed by the British and incorporated into the Crown Colony of Sierra Leone.

title: Solimana (state)


text:
Mount Read

Mount Read is a mountain located in the West Coast region of Tasmania, Australia, and is at the north west edge of the West Coast Range.

With an elevation of 1123 m above sea level, Mount Read has had as colourful a history, similar to that of Mount Lyell, with mines, settlements and other activities on its slopes for over a hundred years.

Geology
The main copper and gold ore bearing deposits in the West Coast Range are known to occur in the Mount Read Volcanics relating to the complex geology of the area.

Mineralisation and deposits were being identified well beyond the life of the original mines utilised on Mount Read.

To the south east of Mount Read are many features of glaciation in the Tyndall Range as well as glacial lakes of Lake Westwood, Lake Selina, and Lake Julia.

Hercules Haulage
The Hercules Mine on Mount Read was connected by a 1642 ft haulage incline to Williamsford and then to the North East Dundas Tramway. The haulage was self-acting and 1 mi long and 1642 ft high with a maximum gradient of 1 in 5.

The mine was in production in the late nineteenth century. It had a major strike in 1906. The mine produced well into the mid twentieth century. The mine site had ceased operation and was subject to cleanup processes in the early 2000s.

The Hercules Gold and Silver Mining Company was an operating company that ceased in 1916. The Mount Read and Rosebery Mines Limited started as an ex-Mount Lyell offshoot, absorbed by EZ by 1925.

Mount Read township
The community, mainly known in early sources as the Mount Read township surrounding the Hercules minesite had various struggles for services and facilities. Situated at 1000 metres Mount Read (township) was the most elevated town which has existed in Tasmania

Huon pine
Despite extensive historic mining and human activity on its slopes, Mount Read has unique and significant stands of Huon pine forests on its slopes. The southern slopes of Mount Read have been identified as a special habitat enclosed in the Lake Johnston Nature Reserve.

Climate
Mount Read has an alpine subpolar oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfc), bordering on a tundra climate (Köppen climate classification: ET). It currently has a Bureau of Meteorology automatic weather station in place, and it scores well in extreme weather conditions. Its extreme rainfall records for Autumn 2006 put it on a par with the Lake Margaret rainfall – which was still apparently recorded till 30 June 2006 by Hydro employees, but not appearing on the BOM website. It has one of the highest annual rain day amount in the world at 282 days, topping Cherrapunji in India, but falling behind Mount Waialeale in Hawaii and López de Micay in Colombia, which have 335 and 315 rainy days respectively. Its monthly temperature averages are comparable to those of Reykjavík in Iceland. Snowfalls are highly frequent and often very heavy, occurring at all times of the year. The mean afternoon relative humidity is the greatest anywhere in Australia, particularly in the cooler months.

title: Mount Read


text:
Leeds, Massachusetts

Leeds is a village in the western portion of the city of Northampton, Massachusetts, United States, bordering Williamsburg—along the Mill River—and Florence. The ZIP Code for Leeds is 01053.

History
The village was named after the city of Leeds, in England. In the 19th century, Leeds was known for its textile manufacturing, including broadcloth, silk, and vegetable ivory buttons, as well as extensive manufacturing of farm implements and household goods.

In 1874, a dam on the Mill River broke, flooding Leeds and Williamsburg and killing 139 people.

Geography
The major producer of silk in Leeds was the Corticelli Silk Mills, which were owned by the Nonotuck Silk Company. They had several buildings along sections of the Mill River. The major factory was located at the corner of Main Street and Mulberry Street, another factory building was located across the bridge and to the right of Chartpak. Another building was located near the opposite end of Main Street, where the cocoons were steamed to loosen the fibers and made the raw silk usable for production in Corticelli's various products. The company also created items that could be used in the classroom as teaching aids, including a poster showing the various steps in the production of silk.

Today, Leeds is home to the Northampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Chartpak, manufacturer of art and graphics supplies, which includes Koh-i-Noor Hardtmuth.

Leeds is also home to Leeds Elementary School.

title: Leeds, Massachusetts


text:
Federated Farmers

Federated Farmers of New Zealand is a lobby and advocacy group for all farmers: arable including fruit and vegetables, dairy and meat and their often remote communities. It has a network of 24 regional organisations and six industry groups. Federated Farmers lobbies on farming issues both nationally and within each region. Membership of the organisation is voluntary, and at 2021 it has over 13,000 members.

History
Federated Farmers was originally incorporated in 1902 as the New Zealand Farmers Union. In 1944, a joint initiative by the New Zealand Farmers Union and the New Zealand Sheepowners' Federation led to the formation of Federated Farmers, and a new incorporated society, Federated Farmers of New Zealand Inc was registered on 30 November 1944. There were 43,000 members of Federated Farmers in 1971.

Structure and membership
The organisation is a federation of 24 independent regional bodies (provinces) that are separate incorporated societies.

As of 2021, there were 13,000 members of Federated Farmers.

The parent body has 11 offices around the country, and employs 60 staff. In addition to the regional member organisations, Federated Farmers has six industry groups: Arable, Dairy, Goats, High country, Meat & wool and Rural butchers.

The organisation has recently introduced a discounted membership category for owners of lifestyle farm blocks.

Publications
Federated Farmers has several publications including a weekly newsletter called Friday Flash, which has 11,000 subscribers as of 2021. Other publications include the National Farming Review and Tussock Talk.

During the 2020 New Zealand general election, Federated Farmer released a manifesto.

Animal identification and tracing
In 2009, Federated Farmers opposed the Government's new National Animal Identification and Tracing (NAIT) scheme, claiming that it would impose extra costs on farmers which outweighed the benefits. Farmers also feared that the NAIT scheme would be used to impose a greenhouse gas emissions tax under an emissions trading scheme. A Federated Farmers survey found that 2% supported NAIT and 80% opposed it.

In November 2019, Federated Farmers meat and wool chairman Miles Anderson welcomed amendments to the national animal identification and tracing legislation and thanked the Primary Production Select Committee for listening to representations from Federated Farmers and other parties. In mid–May 2021, the group welcomed the 2021 New Zealand budget's allocation of $22 million in funding to the NAIT scheme, streamlining farm planning, and agricultural emissions research.

Climate change
By 2003, research into greenhouse gas emissions in New Zealand had indicated that approximately half of total emissions were attributable to agriculture - mostly methane and nitrous oxide. However, in 2003 Federated Farmers became involved in a lobbying campaign to oppose the Government's proposal to introduce an Agricultural emissions research levy. The levy was proposed to collect revenue from livestock farmers to fund research into agricultural emissions of greenhouse gases such as methane. Federated Farmers strongly opposed the plan and mocked the idea, calling it a "fart tax". The proposed levy was not implemented, but the following year, a memorandum of understanding was agreed between the Crown and a consortium of agriculture-based companies to pay for an unspecified portion of the costs of the Pastoral Greenhouse Gas Research Consortium.

In 2014, it was reported that Federated Farmers had been forced to state that they had no position on whether climate change is even real, to appease members who denied that climate change was occurring.

In January 2020, Federated Farmers launched a petition calling for the withdrawal and amendment of a new Ministry of Education teaching resource on climate change. The farming group's climate change spokesperson Andrew Hoggard called for balance in the climate change teaching material, taking issue with idea that eating red meat was damaging to the environment. Federated Farmers also called for more input from farmers in the teaching resource.

Electric vehicles
In June 2021, Federated Farmers' national president Andrew Hoggard called for the Government's electric car rebate scheme to include a waiver for farmers and tradespersons due to the lack of electric vehicle alternatives for the utes commonly used by these occupations.

Leadership
Presidents include:
 * The initial term was 4 years from 1 July to 30 June later reduced to 3 years. There have been mid-term resignations.

 * B. V. Cooksley (1945—1947)
 * William Norman Perry (1947—1952)
 * John Andrew (1952-1956)
 * Stanley Dixon Reeves (1956— )
 * W Malcolm (1961— )
 * Eric William McCallum (1963— )
 * Peter Sidney Plummer (1966—1970)
 * Alexander Campbell Begg (1972)
 * William Norman Gough Dunlop (1972— )
 * John Thomas Kneebone (1974—1977)
 * Allan Frederick Wright (1977—1981)
 * Rob Storey (1981—1984)
 * Peter Elworthy (1984—1987)
 * Brian D. Chamberlin (1987—1990)
 * Owen Jennings (1990—1993)
 * Graham Robertson (1993—1996)
 * Malcolm Bailey (1996—1999)
 * Alistair Polson (1999—2002)
 * Tom Lambie (2002—2005)
 * Charlie Pedersen (2005—2009)
 * Don Nicholson – resigned in June 2011 to stand for the ACT party in the general election
 * Bruce Wills (2011–2014)
 * William Rolleston (2014–2017)
 * Katie Milne (2017–2020) – first female president
 * Andrew Hoggard (2020–2023)
 * Wayne Langford (2023–present)

In 2021 the chief executive is Terry Copeland.

Women's division
Formed in 1926 as part of the New Zealand Farmers' Union "to associate farmers' wives and other country women", its name changed to Women's Division of Federated Farmers in 1946 and in 1999 to Rural Women New Zealand.

"In the year to August 2018, for example, parliamentary submissions covered rural environment, health, business, technology, education and social issues, as well as some areas, such as taxation reform, which had once been left to Federated Farmers."

Chairs include:
 * Margaret Millard 1999—2001

title: Federated Farmers


text:
Morey letter

The Morey letter was a forged letter that appeared during the 1880 United States presidential election. It was purportedly from James A. Garfield, the Republican presidential candidate, and suggested that Garfield was in favor of Chinese immigration at a time when many white Americans were strongly opposed.

Scandal
The letter was written on House of Representative official stationery dated January 23, 1880 and addressed to H. L. Morey of the Employers Union in Lynn, Massachusetts. The letter stated, “individuals and companies have the right to buy labor where they can get it cheapest. We have a treaty with the Chinese government… I am not prepared to say that it should be abrogated until our great manufacturing and corporate interests are conserved in the matter of labor."

On October 21, New York newspaper The Truth featured the letter with a quote from a reporter saying that a friend of Garfield’s had confirmed that the handwriting was indeed Garfield’s.

Democratic attacks
Democrats used this letter to their advantage and started to print and circulate the letter wherever they could. They were able to get over 500,000 copies out. They put the letter in store windows and sent it to areas with a great number of Chinese immigrants, to maximize controversy. The letter was an October surprise that the Democrats thought would flip the vote to their favor. They even called the letter “Garfield’s death warrant.”

Garfield's response
Garfield received a telegraph on October 20, 1880, regarding about a letter the candidate had allegedly written regarding "the Chinese question," that is, the question of the railroad companies hiring and importing Chinese labor to complete projects. Later that same day, he received the text of the letter.

Garfield requested a photo reproduction of the letter, and once he laid eyes upon it, he denied that he wrote the letter. He stated that it was a “manifestly bungling attempt to copy [his] hand and signature”.

During this time, Republicans also sent an investigator to Lynn, Massachusetts to try to find any trace of the letter. The investigator could not find H. L. Morey or the Employers Union. Shortly after, Garfield wrote and told the Republican National Committee to reproduce a letter of him denying that the letter was his.

Garfield’s real letter did not get published by any newspaper for about a week, and was often printed side by side with the original Morey letter.

Result
Democrats said that the delay was evidence of Garfield’s guilt. Most voters eventually thought the letter was a forgery, and just another political trick to win votes. The Morey letter was thought to be a forgery emanating from Democratic Party operatives, and produced a backlash against the Democrats. Garfield narrowly lost the state of California by 144 votes. His popular vote margin was the smallest in US history; however, he had a decisive victory in the electoral college.

While never proven, there was much public speculation at the time that Stanley Huntley, journalist at the Brooklyn Eagle and creator of the Spoopendyke humor stories, was the author of the Morey letter. Huntley himself had made fun of the question of who wrote the letter in one of his stories.

title: Morey letter


text: File:MK Golden Heart.jpg

title: File:MK Golden Heart.jpg


text:
User talk:11december

Welcome!

Hello 11december, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -  BanyanTree 06:07, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Image copyright problem with Image:Modern_wooden_yacht.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Modern_wooden_yacht.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

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title: User talk:11december


text:
Talk:Eyes Without a Face (film)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 03:14, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Eyes-without-faceposter.jpg
Image:Eyes-without-faceposter.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

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Allmovie
Reference available for citing in the article body. Erik (talk) 20:11, 10 January 2010 (UTC)
 * ... plot synopsis, review, cast, production credits, awards

Suggested "influences"
I'm highly critical of this sentence in the introduction: "as well as being a notable influence on filmmakers such as John Carpenter, Jesús Franco and John Woo." for being too speculative. a) Carpenter only suggests in the quoted interview that LYSV (or the mask in it, respectively) could have influenced the mask used in his film Halloween. b) Again, reviews suggest that the operation scene in LYSV influenced the same scene in Face/Off. Woo never confirmed that to my knowledge. I would leave these passages in the Legacy section of this article but would change the mentioned sentence in the intro to something like "as well as being an influence on other filmmakers." or simply delete it from the intro.--Robert Kerber (talk) 16:13, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Right. This was my first article I really worked on and looking at it again, these should be removed. I can't find a source on Woo stating this directly so I'm going to go with what you suggested. Andrzejbanas (talk) 22:58, 9 August 2011 (UTC)

Genre
LYSV is not a genuine horror film (as written in the intro) but a combination of thriller and horror or rather a thriller with horror elements (visuals, mad scientist motif). There is absolutely no supernatural element to it. William Everson doesn't even mention it in his "Classics of the horror film".--Robert Kerber (talk) 16:13, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Horror films don't necessarily need a supernatural element. Allrovi, Criterion, J. Hoberman, and Pauline Kael refer to it as a horror film, I believe that's enough sources. Andrzejbanas (talk) 20:30, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
 * I question Allrovi as a profound source and Criterion is simply the DVD's distribution company; of course the latter two are viewpoints worth discussing. It still reminds me of the popular misconception of Hitchcock's Psycho being a horror film. (I hope we agree on that.) Btw, what's your opinion on the topic "Suggested influences" (above)?--Robert Kerber (talk) 21:14, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
 * I could find more, but I think Kael and Hoberman cover it for now. But that's five sources Wikipedia would accept in referring to it as a horror film. Andrzejbanas (talk) 23:01, 9 August 2011 (UTC)

Co-production with Italy?...
The article used to call Eyes Without a Face a French-Italian film. After looking in the page's "Production" section for a connection to Italy, I found nothing, so I researched further. From what I can gather, the film is considered French-Italian by two sources—the Internet Movie Database (which is considered questionable as a citation), and an article on the website PopMatters (the article can be found here, and I suspect that it took the notion of the film being a French-Italian co-production from the article's lede sentence).

No other sources seem to consider the film to be Italian. The film's entry on the Criterion Collection's website lists a sole country of origin: France. A similar mention of France and not Italy can be found in this article by The Guardian. Nothing really seems to indicate that Italy was heavily involved with the film. – Matthew  - (talk) 18:41, 12 July 2017 (UTC)

 * Understood, but all the readings (and even the posters credits itself as a French-Italian production). Pulling information from Bifi.fr, a site that takes its information from the Cinémathèque Française claims its both a French and Italian co-production, specifically noting Lux as an Italian company based in Rome. Usually, Criterion is pretty accurate, but I'd rather see some specific writing stating how Italy was not involved outside this research. Andrzejbanas (talk) 19:21, 12 July 2017 (UTC)

 * I didn't notice that the poster says Co-production Franco-Italienne in some small writing in the bottom corner. You're quite right; my apologies. – Matthew  - (talk) 19:55, 12 July 2017 (UTC)
 * No worries! Its good to back up things on posters anyways.:) Andrzejbanas (talk) 21:58, 12 July 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Requested move 3 May 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved. Created dab page at base name. (non-admin closure) Natg 19 (talk) 23:01, 26 May 2022 (UTC)

Eyes Without a Face → Eyes Without a Face (film) – There seems to be WP:NOPRIMARY between the film and the song in terms of pageviews. While the song's name is based on the film, at this point both can lay claim to having some longterm significance culturally, so it's not a clear case of something having been so long established that it is far and away the main cultural influence. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 08:27, 3 May 2022 (UTC) — Relisting. 晚安 (トークページ) 16:02, 15 May 2022 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * The song is named after the film and the film gets more views (5,950) than the song (3,531)[|Eyes_Without_a_Face_(song)|Eyes_Without_a_Face,_Part_1_(D:TNG_episode)|Eyes_Without_a_Face,_Part_2_(D:TNG_episode)] but there are 2 unrelated (it seems) episodes.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk )  16:22, 3 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Note that the film is in the main namespace so there are likely to be false positive hits from people looking for the song. It's still likely the film gets more views but not at a ludicrous ratio, plus the song itself is culturally well known, having been a top-10 hit. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 20:20, 3 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. Colin M (talk) 21:00, 4 May 2022 (UTC)
 * '''Support"' per nom. Andrzejbanas (talk) 20:23, 15 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eyes Without a Face (film)


text:
Ruslan Kokshin

Ruslan Kokshin (born May 7, 1979) is an officer in the Russian military. While serving as a leader of a mortar platoon, Kokshin located and took out a small group of opposition forces in Chechnya. Due to this action by him, Kokshin was awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation for his "heroic duty while in the service of the state."

title: Ruslan Kokshin


text:
Creston High School (Washington)

Creston High School (9-12) was the only secondary school in Creston, Washington until 2016. Now, the school is only open as an Elementary School (K-6) and a Junior High School (7-8). High School students attend school in the nearby town of Wilbur, WA. Also, note that the Junior High School serves both the Wilbur and Creston school districts

title: Creston High School (Washington)


text:
J R

J R is a novel by William Gaddis published by Alfred A. Knopf in 1975. It tells the story of a schoolboy secretly amassing a fortune in penny stocks. J R won the National Book Award for Fiction in 1976. It was Gaddis' first novel since the 1955 publication of The Recognitions.

To complete the novel, Gaddis received a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation.

Synopsis
J R tells the story of the eponymous J R Vansant, an 11-year-old schoolboy who obscures his identity through payphone calls and postal money orders in order to parlay penny stock holdings into a fortune on paper. The novel broadly satirizes what Gaddis called "the American dream turned inside out". One critic called it "the greatest satirical novel in American literature." Novelist Louis Auchincloss thought it "worthy of Swift."

Literary analysis
The writing style of J R is intended to mimic Gaddis' view of contemporary society: "a chaos of disconnections, a blizzard of noise." The novel is told almost entirely in dialogue, and there is often little indication (other than conversational context) of which character is speaking. (Gaddis later said he did this in order to make the reader a collaborator in the process of creating the characters. ) There are also no chapters, with transitions between scenes occurring by way of shifts in focalization: for example, a character who is in a meeting may leave the meeting, get in his car, and drive off, passing another character, who becomes the subject of the next scene without any break in the continuity of the narration (though the novel is written in a discontinuous or fragmentary tone). The novel is thus broken only into French scenes (or perhaps "French chapters"). Gaddis later advised the reader not to put too much effort into figuring out each word but to read the novel at a normal talking speed; "it was the flow that I wanted," he said, "for the readers to read and be swept along -- to participate. And enjoy it.  And occasionally chuckle, laugh along the way."

This chaotic writing style may, some critics argue, reflect Gaddis' preoccupation with entropy and with the 20th century's rejection of Newtonian physics, the narrative style thus reflecting a quantum and Heisenbergian world of "waste, flux and chaos." In this world, the characters who devise complex systems to acquire as much material wealth as possible are founding their lives on illusion because matter is impermanent and because, as Gaddis himself wrote in an essay, "the more complex the message, the greater the chance for error. Entropy rears as a central preoccupation of our time." In J R, entropy manifests itself as "a malign and centrifugal force of cosmic disruption at work scattering everything in [people's] heads, homes and work"

One of the epicenters of entropy is a seedy, run-down tenement apartment on East 96th Street (Manhattan). The apartment is stacked floor to ceiling with useless goods J R has acquired at bargain prices; a blaring radio, blocked by those boxes, cannot be turned off; the faucets, always running, threaten to flood the apartment (and indeed later drown a cat); characters flit in and out on useless errands; and the clock runs backwards. One critic compares the craziness of this locale to a Marx Brothers film and finds it superior. Gaddis lived in a tenement on E. 96 St. and probably based the fictional apartment in part on his unpleasant experiences there.

Gaddis' real-life experiences figure in other locales as well. Much of the novel takes place in a desolate, nightmarish version of Massapequa, New York and features a ludicrously dysfunctional school board. Gaddis, who in real life spent many years in Massapequa and had much of his property seized (using eminent domain) by the school board there, said, half in jest, that he "wrote J R in revenge against Massapequa." One of the most memorable characters in the novel is fired by that school board for independent thinking. He is Mr Bast, J R's music teacher. Bast is a young composer employed casually by the school. Bast is drawn into assisting J R and becomes a critical link for the development of the business empire J R assembles. When Bast starts at the school his ambition is to write an opera. As the novel develops he is increasingly burdened by the business accumulations J R makes and his musical ambitions are sidelined. Bast's ambitions slide from opera to symphony, then to sonata and by the end of the novel he aspires to compose a suite. The responsibilities that come from being involved with the childish shenanigans of corporate takeovers and asset stripping has had a corrosive effect on Bast's capacity to create art. Indeed, the corrosive effect of today's messy, noisy society on everyone's capacity to create and appreciate art is a major theme of this novel—and, arguably, of all of Gaddis' novels. (Gaddis later qualified this by stating that when Bast and his fellow-artists Eigen and Gibbs abandon their dreams, this is due in part to their own self-destructive nature; and when, in the last scenes, Bast begins work on a humble cello piece, it represents a "real note of hope". )

"JR Goes to Washington" (1987)
Years later, Gaddis wrote the title character "J R" into a piece of political satire, which the New York Times published in 1987. "Trickle-Up Economics: JR Goes to Washington" is written as the transcript of a U.S. congressional hearing on the federal budget, and J R is an official at the Office of Management and Budget.

title: J R


text:
Talk:Golden Heart

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golden heart tour
Hi, the link to golden heart tour leads to MK page. It seems that the article "golden heart tour" has vanished. Any idea how to recover it ? 193.253.123.134 (talk) 07:28, 15 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Golden Heart