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Talk:Casing (borehole)

Expand
Frankly, I'm surprised WP can be called an encyclopedia without some nice hearty articles on the oilfield. As my brother's belt buckle says, "It ain't oilfield, it ain't [crap]." Maybe I can get a roughneck or two on here to expand this... Uriah923 06:22, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Move
I don't know if anyone is watching this page, but even though it would potentially expand it to "crap" it still would be good to change the name to Casing (borehole). Then people could add more sections to expand it to all types of borehole casings. These would include water wells, exploratory borings, etc.. The materials and concepts are basically the same and it doesn't make sense to have additional sections for Casing (water well), Casing (exploratory boring), Casing (geotechnical boring), etc.. Drillerguy 17:06, 9 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, if you are still around, I moved it for you. If you want to move something in the future, just hit the "move" button next to the "edit" button. Basar 00:24, 17 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Just posted this comment on Talk page of Casing string:
 * Way back in 2009 I wondered if this page should be merged into casing. There was no response either here or to a similar idea posted at casing string, so am inquiring again — and will make the same query again at the other article.  (Actually I prefer THIS ARTICLE's more descriptive name, so as an editing process perhaps that page should be merged into this one.)
 * As I stated there, "Casing (borehole)" is a better name. Casey (talk) 06:38, 3 November 2018 (UTC)

Consolidate
I just posted this on Talk page for Casing string:

Or should the merging be from here into Casing string? Comments from editors of this page? Irv (talk) 16:37, 14 September 2009 (UTC)

Concrete vs cement
I reverted the good faith edits by kjkolb from Concrete back to Cement. The slurry used in cementing oilwell casing almost always is not concrete because doesn't contain aggregate. It is basically just pure cement dispersed in fresh water, perhaps with a small amount of clay and even smaller amounts of other substances added to improve flowability, extend or shorten setting time, etc., and is displaced from bottom by pumping it down the inside of the casing and out the shoe. (Concrete might be used in shallow water wells where it is introduced merely by dumping from the surface into the annulus.) Irv (talk) 00:41, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

Specifically How ?
As a non-expert who can't contribute, I must say that this article (even supplemented by the Casing string article) just doesn't "do it" for me.

How long is a typical casing string? In deepwater drilling, where and how are the segments of the string screwed together? How is the weight of a string supported while it's being installed? What special equipment is required? For very deep wells, the strings could be very very long, which means they would be very (probably _too_) heavy. How is casing installed in very deep wells that are also deep under water ...such as the Deepwater Horizon well?

How is the top of a string joined to the shoe of the previous string? Is pressure at string joints a particular problem for blowouts?

What's the maximum depth (or time?) from a borehole being opened until it is cased? If for example only 100' of borehole can be opened before it is cased, how are very deep wells cased? If string length is limited by the depth (or time?) a borehole is opened, and if each string is of a smaller diameter than the previous one, doesn't this strictly limit the total depth of the well?

Such "duh" questions ...but I've never even thought about oil well drilling technology before and don't know the answers, and this WP article doesn't enlighten me.

And why aren't there _any_ bits of non-text? A simple schematic drawing of a casing in a well would do wonders for instant comprehension. 68.163.203.189 (talk) 05:50, 9 June 2010 (UTC)

Merge?
With Casing string ?

title: Talk:Casing (borehole)


text:
Rosine Vieyra Soglo

Rosine Honorine Vieyra Soglo (born Rose-Marie Honorine Vieyra; 7 March 1934 – 25 July 2021) was a Beninese politician. Soglo served as First Lady of Benin from 1991 to 1996 during the presidency of her husband, Nicéphore Soglo. She is considered the first First Lady of the democratic era following Benin's transition to a multi-party democracy.

In 1992, Soglo founded the Benin Rebirth Party (RB), becoming the first Beninese woman to establish a new political party. She served as a member of the National Assembly of Benin, representing the 16th Constituency of Cotonou, for six consecutive terms from 1999 until her retirement in February 2019. She also served as a member of the Pan-African Parliament from 2004 to 2009. Soglo was affectionately nicknamed "Maman" by Beninese colleagues and politicians.

Early life
Soglo, whose real name was Rose-Marie Honorine Vieyra, was born on 7 March 1934 in Ouidah, French Dahomey, into a wealthy family from the city's Afro-Brazilian community. Her father was a railway executive and landowner who was able to send his four children – Rosine and her three brothers – to France for their education. In 1946, she moved to France to attend secondary school at Lycée de Jeunes Filles de Caen. She then studied law in college. After graduation, Soglo went into law, working as a bailiff from 1965 to 1968 and before becoming a lawyer. Vieyra Soglo was multilingual and spoke fluent English, Fon, French, and Mina (also known as the Gen language).

Vieyra met Nicéphore Soglo in France in 1947, while both were students and teenagers aged 16 and 14 respectively. The couple married on 2 July 1958, and had two sons. Their eldest son, Léhady Soglo (born 1960), was a former national deputy and Mayor of Cotonou from 14 August 2015, until his dismissal on 2 August 2017 for alleged corruption. He went into exile in France in 2017 and was sentenced in absentia to ten years in prison by the Criet court. Their second son, Ganiou Soglo (born 1961), a former government minister and presidential candidate, was shot and wounded in an ambush on 5 February 2021.

Career
While Nicéphore Soglo studied at the École nationale d'administration (ENA), Rosine Vieyra Soglo chose to pursue her own studies in law in France. She worked as a bailiff from 1965 to 1968 during her husband's early political career. Meanwhile, Nicéphore Soglo was appointed Minister of Economy during the brief presidential rule of General Christophe Soglo in the early 1960s. In 1972, Major Mathieu Kérékou overthrew the country's government in the 1972 Dahomeyan coup d'état. Nicéphore and Rosine Soglo were forced to flee into exile following the coup and remained abroad for 18 years. The couple lived in Washington D.C. during the 1980s, where Nicéphore Soglo worked as director at the World Bank. They were finally allowed to return to Benin to attend the national conference in Cotonou in February 1990, which marked the country's transition to democracy.

Soglo became First Lady of Benin in August 1991 upon Nicéphore Soglo's election as President during the country's democratic transition. In 1992, First Lady Soglo created the Benin Rebirth Party (RB), becoming the first Beninese woman to establish a political party. Rosine Vieyra Soglo founded the Benin Rebirth Party to garner political support for her husband, who lacked widespread support from the country's political class. The following year, the political party La Renouveau issued a signed statement by Soglo to the media encouraging supporters of her husband to join the Benin Rebirth Party.

Rosine Vieyra Soglo's new party won 20 of the 83 seats in the National Assembly in the 1995 Beninese parliamentary election. However, President Nicéphore Soglo, who was seeking re-election, was defeated by former President Mathieu Kérékou in the 1996 Beninese presidential election.

In 1999, Rosine Vieyra Soglo was elected to the National Assembly of Benin, representing the 16th Constituency of Cotonou. She held her assembly seat from 1999 until 2019, winning re-election to four consecutive terms. During her time as deputy, Rosine Soglo became a vocal critic of some major policies introduced by Presidents Mathieu Kérékou, Thomas Boni Yayi, and Patrice Talon. Most recently, Soglo was fiercely critical of President Patrice Talon. Additionally, Soglo served simultaneously as a Beninese member of the Pan-African Parliament from 2004 to 2009.

In 2007, Soglo joined the Alliance for a Dynamic Democracy coalition with Antoine Idji Kolawolé and Bruno Amoussou. The ADD ran during the March 2007 parliamentary election and obtained 20 seats.

Leading up to the April 2011 parliamentary election, Soglo was the head of the ADD. However, during the 2011 elections, she joined the Union Makes the Nation coalition and promised to improve the quality of Benin's government and habitability.

In the April 2015 parliamentary election, Soglo was re-elected to the National Assembly as a Benin Renaissance candidate in the 16th constituency. Beginning on 19 May 2015, Soglo began presiding over debates as the Dean of the National Assembly, a role given to the oldest member of the legislature. As the oldest member and Dean of the National Assembly (doyenne d'âge), she presided over the initial proceedings of the National Assembly when it began meeting on 19 May 2015, prior to the election of the President of the National Assembly.

In her final address to the National Assembly on 18 February 2019, Rosine Soglo announced her resignation and retirement from office due to the loss of her eyesight, joking that "The old woman goes away and tells you bye bye" in her speech.

Outside of politics, Rosine Vieyra Soglo established the Vidolé Association (l’association Vidolé), which provides support to women and families who have twins, triplets, and quadruplets.

Later life
In 2019, Célestine Zanou, a politician and former presidential candidate, praised Soglo as "our national mother" and called her an "icon of Beninese politics."

In late July 2021, Rosine Soglo was hospitalized for three days at the Mahouena Clinic in Cotonou for treatment of a cardiovascular illness. Her condition initially improved with treatment, but her health rapidly deteriorated on the morning of Saturday, 24 July. She requested to return to her home at la Haie Vive in Cotonou, where she died at approximately 4 p.m. on 25 July 2021 at the age of 88.

She was survived by her husband, former President Nicéphore Soglo, who was abroad in Paris for medical treatment at the time of her death, and their two sons. In a statement, Soglo paid tribute to his late wife saying, "It is this woman who has allowed me to be so strong." Her eldest son, former Cotonou mayor Léhady Soglo, announced that he would return from exile in France for the first time since 2017 to attend his mother's funeral. She was also survived by her second son, Ganiou Soglo, who survived a shooting in February 2021. Soglo's funeral was organised by former minister and women's rights activist Vicentia Boco.

Tributes poured in from figures across Beninese politics, including President Patrice Talon, a frequent political nemesis, who called her "a brave and exceptional woman" in a Facebook post. Others paying tribute to Soglo included former President Thomas Boni Yayi and the President of the Beninese Parliament, Louis Vlavonou, who called her, "a woman of exception and conviction whose participation in six successive legislatures inevitably leaves an indelible imprint on the parliamentary institution and the country as a whole." Opposition leader Paul Hounkpè also stated, "the death of Rosine Soglo, an emblematic figure in Benin's politics since the historic national conference of February 1990, is a great loss for our country and our democracy...She is an intrepid fighter for peace, freedom and democracy in Benin."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Rosine Vieyra Soglo


text:
Miliolida

The Miliolida are an order of foraminifera with calcareous, porcelacous tests that are imperforate and commonly have a pseudochitinous lining. Tests are composed of randomly oriented calcite needles that have a high proportion of magnesium along with organic material. Tests lack pores and generally have multiple chambers.

Miliolids, which range from the Carboniferous to recent, are benthic Foraminifera abundant in shallow waters such as in estuaries and along coastlines, though they also include deepwater oceanic forms.

The order Miliolida, sometimes referred to as a suborder, the Miliolina, is divided on the basis of differences in test morphology into five recognized superfamilies.

title: Miliolida


text:
MDSP

MDSP is a multiprocessor DSP family from Cradle Technologies. It is used mostly in streaming video processing in broadcast (internet and terrestrial) and video surveillance security markets.

It is an architecture that employs compute and input/output (IO) subsystems with programmable IO, consisting of general purpose and signal processing cores. The general purpose cores are used for control and IO processing, and the DSP cores are for fixed or floating-point computation.

MDSP is similar in architecture to the Cell processor, except it has multiple processing elements. The processing element, or GPP (general purpose processor) units, are 32-bit general-purpose RISC-like cores with signal processing units (DSP or DSE) via a databus.

Development tools
The initial software development kit (sdk4) was based on Cygwin 1.3.x and Cradles umgcc (GCC port). Sdk5 is based on Cygwin 1.5.x and cragcc (GCC port).

The chips are programmed in a mix of C and CLASM (C-like assembly). The PEs can be programmed in C; the DSEs and MTEs are programmed in CLASM. The programmer can manage resource allocation using semaphores.

title: MDSP


text:
Talk:Walter Russell Mead

Untitled
Mr. Mead's intellect is astounding as is the clarity with which he expresses his ideas. His writings are a necessary read for a student of American Foreign policy who wishes to analyze its past and make accurate predictions for its future.

Sorry, I have to disagree. Mead makes many assumptions about the international system that quite frankly are enormous stretches. To say his writing is supremely clear is absurd and while I do not doubt that he has a tremendous intellect, it fails to show itself in his writings.

His book Special Providence is a rather simplistic and systemless approach to understanding American foreign policy. He seems to have intelligent "gut" assumptions about the direction of American policy, and an impressive knowledge of the facts surrounding those assumptions but provides little in the way of explaining the question of why those directions are taken.

Some indications from Mead indicate that he seems to think that it's more important to create a "useful mythology," than actual history in his works.

The supposed "strong" critique of Mead's book is simple-minded ideological wankery. It's just one long complaint that Mead doesn't do enough to promote the reviewer's ideology or to condemn other ideologies as evil. Calling it strong isn't NPOV and is laughable to anyone who's a grown up so I'm changing that description to something more accurate

Very slanted tone
Could someone please rewrite this article so that it reads less like a press release from the desk of Mr. Mead and more like a balanced article. Thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.180.44.133 (talk) 23:34, 4 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Yes, there is an excess of unsupported opinion ("famously wrote") and a paucity of verifiable fact. The phrase "regularly writes for" (various publications) seems to mean "has occasionally had articles published in." We learn from the article that unspecified people think he is important, and that his ideas have been criticized, but little about his actual ideas. Snezzy (talk) 12:43, 27 March 2012 (UTC)

This is a talk page, not a general discussion page
Please see Talk_page_guidelines for instructions on the appropriate use of this page. PStrait (talk) 21:49, 6 July 2009 (UTC)

Does not write for Washington Post
A search of "Walter Mead" comes up with nothing at WaPost. Reference 3 is a 2003 WaPost editorial coauthored by Kissinger, hardly sufficient. – Eric — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.180.85.97 (talk) 03:27, 29 November 2011 (UTC)
 * It's not co-authored by Kissinger. It's an op-ed piece (not an editorial), and the byline gives his title as "Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy". Snezzy (talk) 12:47, 27 March 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Walter Russell Mead. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080229134152/http://online.wsj.com:80/public/article_print/SB119872041294251867.html to http://online.wsj.com/public/article_print/SB119872041294251867.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 12:13, 13 January 2016 (UTC)

Influence on high school and college debate
I feel inadequate to fix this problem, but I was disturbed that Mead's long running importance in policy debate competitions is ignored here. The scope of his conclusions are a favorite impact to disadvantages. (If you're not a debater, a disadvantage creates a logical chain from a proposed plan to a bad reaction.) Mead's impacts end dramatically in world war. For example, here's a list of "Big Debate Impact Cards" with Mead quoted from his 1992 article "Depending on the Kindness of Strangers" and his 2009 article "Only Makes You Stronger." Another example cites his conclusions that economic decline causes regional strife that escalates to global wars

Mead has also worked with debate camps - so he is aware of how his academic works are used in debates.

Maybe we could we add it under Publications with a subheading of "Influence on high school and college debate?"

At this point, I can clarify that this is demonstrative of his impact, but I doubt there is a clear cite to be made that makes this not my conclusion/research. I can also clearly express that his impact is larger than most - maybe all, if we're looking at old school disadvantages from the last thirty years - but again, there's not a clear third party to cite as proof that there is a brightlight in favor of Mead having this added to his section over the million other authors cited in debates.

TL:DR Mead is very important to academic debate, but I am unclear on how to present that on Wikipedia. Thoughts? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.132.7.5 (talk) 20:15, 8 May 2017 (UTC)

Degree(s)
There is nothing in the article about his studies, if there were any, after his undergrad years at Yale. Does Mead have any other degree besides a B.A. in English literature? If not, what is his qualification in the field of political studies and especially foreign affairs? I think this needs to be clarified in the article. Niemandsbucht (talk) 07:57, 10 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Walter Russell Mead


text: User:Brian Howard/template1

title: User:Brian Howard/template1


text:
User:Shota/sig

Shota talk / cntrb / [ log]

title: User:Shota/sig


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hopeless Riot

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 00:27, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Hopeless Riot
bandvanity, never signed, no major tours
 * Delete. Gazpacho 06:28, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity --Rogerd 04:54, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. — J I P | Talk 16:05, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Brwebb

Hey Bro:

If you would, please review and comment. Thanks. --Midnite Critic 06:32, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your comments. I'm going to think/pray about it some more.  --Midnite Critic 17:15, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

POV in disp: Bib args against
Bro:

As you may have guessed, I am by no means a dispensationalist (although I was raised to be one). However, I am a bit disturbed by the rather blatant POV in the first two sub-sections in the above-referenced section of the Dispensationalism article, although I don't necessarily disagree. I noticed that you have made some non-POV modifications in this section, and I am wondering if you have any suggestions for rewording these two sub-sections. Thanks in advance for your input. --Midnite Critic 07:16, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I would like to thank you for your comments, although I wasn't necessarily trying to turn the section into non-POV. I simply did not wish to be included among those who believe the seven churches represent seven periods of history, or among those who add a seven-year trib between the "glorious hope" and the "blessed appearance". I don't hold these views; and I know other dispensationalists who don't hold them, either. Personally, I have no problem with the section on Biblical Arguments Against Dispensationalism being POV, because that is the intent of the section. But if it bothers you, maybe you could add something like, "(From a non-dispensational standpoint), the main problems with dispensationalism involve (perceived) errors in biblical interpretation..."; etc. Will that work? Brwebb

Criticism and Rebuttal: Rapture
Mr. or Ms 66.226.32.35 previously edited my comments found on the Rapture Discussion page, making it appear to the casual reader that I wrote the words he or she added. I have changed that section back to my original comments, and will address his or her additional comments here.

I had initially written: ...we don't believe the Lord will come two different times, as the author claims. We believe that there is only one future prophesied coming of Christ to the earth, preceded by a  non-prophesied  coming of Christ in the air for His saints (1 Thessalonians 4:17).

To which Mr. or Ms 66.226.32.35 added, "(Is not this two comings of Christ?)"

 My reply : The scriptures never state that the Lord can only come once; this is simply a conclusion drawn by Theologians. If He chooses to come in the air for His church before the tribulation (as I believe 1 Thess. 4:17 is talking about), and later come to the earth in wrath (2 Thess. 1:8, 2:8), there is no scripture that forbids Him from doing so. If you choose to define the Rapture as another coming of Christ, that’s your choice. Prophecy simply states that the Lord will "come again" (John 14:3; compare Zech. 14:4; Mt. 16:28; Mt. 24:3, 27, 30,and 37; Mt. 26:64; Mk. 13:46; Acts 1:11 and 3:20; Ro. 11:26; 2 Thess. 1:7, 1:10, and 2:8; 2 Tim. 4:1; Heb. 9:28; James 5:7; 2 Peter 3:4; Jude 14; Rev. 1:7 and 22:20). But as I stated before, most "Pre-Tribbers"believe the Lord will only come to the earth once, after the tribulation. There are, however, a few "Pre-Tribbers" who believe there will be multiple Raptures in the future. Maybe some of them believe the Lord will return to the earth more than once; but if they do, I am not familiar with this belief.

I had also written: At that time, the Lord will never come to the earth (according to 1 Thess. 4:17, He comes in the air), so His second coming - which will be to the earth - will still be future.

To which Mr. or Ms 66.226.32.35 added, "(Again he mentions two comings)"

 My reply : See my above explanation.

I had also written: As for the "first resurrection" into the Millennial kingdom (Revelaton 20:4-5), again, many of us do not believe that either the pre-trib resurrection or the Rapture was prophesied.

To which Mr. or Ms 66.226.32.35 added, "(Didn't he just say that the Rapture was not prophecied?)"

 My reply : Basically, there are two types of "Pre-Tribbers" that I am aware of. One group does believe the Lord was referring to the Rapture in Mt. 24:31, when He stated that His angels "shall gather together his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other". Personally, I do not hold this view - I can see how this would make the Rapture a prophesied event (indeed, there are a lot of prophecies connected with Matthew chapter 24). That is why I belong to a second group, which doesn’t believe Mt. 24:31 refers to the Rapture, but to Israel's future return back into the land (see Deut. 30:1-5; Neh. 1:9; Is. 11:11-16; Jer. 29:14, 30:10-24, and 31:7-11; Ezek. 11:17, 20:34-43, 28:25-26, and 36:24-28). In any case, most of the "Pre-Tribbers" I know of today (in both groups) make a distinction between the resurrection that was prophesied in the Old Testament (Is. 26:19-21; Ezek. 37:12-14; Dan. 12:1-3) and the resurrection that will occur at the Rapture (1 Corinthians chapter 15; Phil. 3:11; 1 Thess. 1:16). In the past, some "Pre-Tribbers" may have taught that these passages all refer to the same resurrection, thereby combining the resurrection of Old Testament saints with the resurrection of the New Testament saints at the Rapture. But I don’t think this is a widely held belief today. There are also those who distinguish the "rapture" of 1 Thess. 4:16-17 from the resurrection of the dead in Phil. 3:11 (known as the "out-resurrection"); but I don’t hold that belief, either.

And finally, I had written: This belief is based on passages such as 1 Corinthians 15:51, where Paul stated that he was showing them a "mystery" (we believe he was showing them something that had never before been mentioned in scripture).

To which Mr. or Ms 66.226.32.35 added, "(The subject and object of 1 Corintians 15 is about the resurrection)"

 My reply : I agree that the subject and object of 1 Corinthians 15 is about a resurrection. But since Paul calls the events surrounding this particular resurrection a "mystery" (1 Cor. 15:51), I don’t believe this is the resurrection that was prophesied in the Old Testament (again, see Is. 26:19-21; Ezek. 37:12-14; and Dan. 12:1-3). Paul also mentioned this same resurrection in 1 Thes. 4:16-17, when he stated that "the dead in Christ shall rise first: Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air". The events of 1 Thessalonians 4:15 through 5:3 are chronological; so after the resurrection/rapture of 1 Thes. 4:16-17 takes place, 1 Thess. 5:2-3 states that "sudden destruction" shall come upon "them" (those left behind), "and they shall not escape". Here in 1 Thess. 5:2-3, I believe Paul is referring to the wrath of God that was prophesied throughout both the Old and New Testaments (Job 21:30; Psalms 2:5 and 21:9; Is. 13:6, 9 and 13; Joel 1:15; Luke 21:23; 1Thess. 1:10, 5:2, 3 and 9; Rev. 6:17; Rev. 14:10 and 19; Rev. 15:1 and 7; Rev. 16:1). Brwebb 03:03, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

Orthodox/Catholics and Dispensationalism
On the Dispensationalism "talk" page, you stated that you knew (Roman) Catholics who hold a belief in a pre-tribulational rapture. These Christians have clearly been influenced by dispensationalism, possibly via charismatic renewal, and, I suspect, would constitute a very small minority within the Roman Church. None of the Churches which pre-date the Reformation teach this, and I, in fact, have seen no evidence to suggest that the idea was known anywhere prior to Darby and/or McDonald, save one quotation from the first millenium, which is, if I recall correctly, rather ambiguous. If you're aware of any other evidence, I would be interested in seeing it. Hope you had a blessed Christmas. --Midnite Critic 22:00, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for the clarification. I do not question the accuracy of your information; but I still wonder about some things, including your statement that the pre-trib rapture was not known anywhere prior to Darby/McDonald. Would that really disprove the pre-trib rapture, if it could still be supported from scripture? For example, Lutherans believe Martin Luther "rediscovered" the gospel, which had previously been lost; yet most Lutherans refuse to admit that Darby could also have "rediscovered" the pre-trib rapture teaching. Yet even Paul stated in Acts 20:29-30 that after his departure, some who were already among his flock would begin to speak perverse things, and draw away disciples after themselves. Likewise, when Paul stated that the time would come when men would turn away their ears from the truth, and be turned unto fables (2 Tim. 4:1-4), he seemed to be implying that Timothy himself would witness that day. Could this be what happened with teachings such as the pre-trib rapture? If so, then why can't Darby teach a "rediscovered" truth, if Luther can?

Midnite Critic's reply: IMHO, such a situation would not disprove it, but from a pre-reformational perspective, it would, a priori, make it suspect. This is because such a perspective understands the references in the New Testament to "the Church" to refer, not to some invisible entity, but to a visible organization (or organizations), continuous in time and space and, however small it may become, faithful to Christ from the Day of Pentecost until His Second Coming. Because of that, one holding this perspective would not grant your premise concerning Luther and the other Reformers; in order to do so, one would have to document that some community existed from the time of Jesus until Luther, which held the beliefs of the Reformation. Not only is such evidence lacking, but all the evidence points in the opposite direction. As far as II Timothy 4:1-4 goes, it most probably, in its immediate historical sense, refers to the onslaught, on the one hand of gnosticism and, on the other, Judaizers, both of which plagued the Church in the late first and the second centuries, as evidenced by the writings from this time which attack both, especially the gnostics (some of whom were, in fact, also Judaizers). From a purely historical perspective, one would have to show, I think, that Paul, in writing I Thess. 4:13-18, intended to teach a pre-tribulational rapture; however, given that the Fathers of the late first and second century, some of whom were disciples of the Apostles themselves, show no evidence of any knowledge of this belief, one is therefore forced to conclude, historically, that the idea was not around in the First Century, either. (As an opposite example, it IS known that at least some of the Second Century Fathers believed that Christ, upon His return, would indeed establish a literal 1,000 year reign on earth; the most prominent of these was Justin Martyr who, ironically, rejected the canonicity of the Book of Revelation;  the canon of the New Testament had yet to be completely finalized.)  --Midnite Critic 03:57, 30 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Brwebb responds: Again, thanks; I think I know what you are saying. I believe you are writing from a Roman Catholic perspective, and that you reject the Lutheran perspective? As for evidence that the pre-trib rapture was known prior to Darby or McDonald, what do you think about the writings of Victorinus, Cyprian, and Ephraim the Syrian, which are documented at http://www.biblefacts.org/history/subject/rapt.html (Right now, I am not sure about Shepard)?

 * Actually, I am a priest in an independent Syriac Orthodox Church. Thanks for finding those cites.  I think the Ephrem quote was the one I was thinking of.  I will research them and get back to you.  "Shepard," I think, refers to a text called "The Shepherd of Hermes" which actually may be somewhat earlier than 150.  --Midnite Critic 20:07, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I would also like to expand on my statement that I know Catholics who believe in the pre-trib rapture. A friend, who firmly believes in the pre-trib rapture, was talking one day about praying to Mary. When I asked her about her beliefs, she stated that she is a devout Catholic, but she still believes in a pre-trib rapture. She didn't seem to think there was a problem with this. And since I am not Roman Catholic, I didn't know which doctrines Roman Catholics have to believe, and which ones they are not allowed to believe (I was saved in a Baptist church, where some baptists don't believe in the pre-trib rapture, and others do; this is not a forbidden doctrine within the Baptist Church). Or, for another example, I once worked with an engineer who also claimed to be a devout Catholic; however, based upon passages such as 1 Tim. 2:5, he did not believe in praying to Mary. Or, take another Catholic friend I used to work with: at the age of 53, she received the Lord Jesus Christ as her Saviour. She said that she had never heard this in the Catholic Church; but she would not quit the Catholic Church, because she had been Catholic all her life. These three people come to mind right now; if they are a minority, are their beliefs actually forbidden by the Catholic Church? And if so, does this mean they would be excommunicated if their church found out? God bless! Brwebb 04:05, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

Midnite Critic's reply: As far as I know, none of the prereformation Churches, including the RCC, have officially declared that the doctrine of a pre-tribulational rapture is a heresy;  therefore, while these Churches do not teach this, neither do they state that one may not hold it (whether one SHOULD believe this is another matter) as a matter of theological opinion. The Marian/Saints issue is a bit stickier, but Rome rarely excommunicates anyone these days. In this case, no Roman Catholic is REQUIRED to ask for the intercession of the Saints; however, if  the engineer you mention were to denounce belief in the intercession of the Saints in a very public way,  I suspect he would encounter opposition from the RC hierarchy. Beyond that, I doubt that much would be done (if he were a theologian, it would be another matter; however, in any event, excommunication is, again, rare these days;  even Hans Kung, a liberal RC theologian, has not been excommunicated.)   As far as the third person you mention, while the prereformation Churches do not use the same language as Baptists, they do, indeed believe in and teach personal commitment to Christ every bit as much, and there are plenty of RC's out there, especially among those involved with charismatic renewal, who are as "born again" in the classic Evangelical/Fundamentalist sense of the term as any Baptist. There are even some who call themselves "Evangelical Catholics" (Not to be confused with certain Anglicans and esp. High Church Lutherans who refer to themselves by this term). --Midnite Critic 03:57, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

Your question at the OR noticeboard
Has the situation been resolved to your satisfaction? Just curious.

 * Yes, thanks. I also see other portions that I need to remove; I just haven't had the time yet. Brwebb 11:17, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

Ultra vs Hyper
Thank you for the reference & quote you left on my talk page. I agree that there may be distinctions to be made between Bullingerites and the less extreme variations. I just don't really see the justification for two separate articles as rammed through by User:Mysteryofthegospel. However, I am not motivated to make an issue of it here on Wikipedia. I will likely take your reference/quote and use it on Theopedia. Thanks, Jim Ellis (talk) 11:57, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Hyperdispensationalism HateSpeech

Please do not introduce inappropriate pages, such as Hyperdispensationalism HateSpeech, to Wikipedia. Doing so is considered to be vandalism and is prohibited. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Under section G3 of the criteria for speedy deletion, the page has been nominated for deletion. Repeated vandalism may result in the loss of editing privileges.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. jps (talk) 10:52, 15 May 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Brwebb


text:
Orou Gabé Orou Sego

Orou Gabé Orou Sego is a member of the Pan-African Parliament from Benin, beginning in 2004.

title: Orou Gabé Orou Sego


text:
Carlos Lopez-Barillas

Carlos Lopez-Barillas is a Guatemalan-born photographer, writer and athlete who has been living and working in the United Kingdom since 1994. His work appears regularly in publications like The New York Times, The Philadelphia Inquirer, Boston Globe, Dallas Morning News. His most recent series of work studies the post-conflict Protestant community of Northern Ireland; previous work includes the last ten years of the conflict in Northern Ireland, the Zapatista rebel uprising in the Mexican state of Chiapas, and the armed conflicts in Central America. His work has recently turned more towards the commercial, architecture, landscape and social documentary areas of photography.

Early life
The Lopez-Barillas family is a Guatemalan family with origins in Spain, England, Switzerland, and Luxembourg. Lopez-Barillas' father, Carlos Humberto Lopez y Lopez, was a coffee trade businessman and a professional cycling national and international champion in his youth.

During his earlier years Lopez-Barillas was always active in sports, first while attending San Sebastian school in Guatemala City, a school with a long tradition in athletics. This was the foundation for a lasting sporting career.

Some of the Lopez-Barillas family's notable ancestors are:

Second Great Grandfather Jose Venancio Lopez-Requena second president of the Republic (1842). Jose Venancio was also the first president of the Judicial Courts of Justice and the Supreme Court of the republic.

First Great Grandfather Lucio Lopez, famous landowner who voiced the opposition of the people against President's Rafael Carrera expropriation of communal land program. He was murdered by President Carrera's forces at the patronal house of one of his farms in 1845. A peasant revolt ensued instigated by an armed rebel faction who called themselves "Los Lucios" after the landlord who supported their cause.

The rebels went on a long run of pillaging and plundering throughout much of the east of the country. The revolt came to an end when President Carrera received news that "Los Lucios" were marching towards Guatemala city, camping 30 miles outside the city centre with the intention of taking the city. President Carrera rode to the field where "Los Lucios" were camping and after requesting a truce to dialogue, he met the rebel leaders and promised not to pursue his expropriation program. This successfully ended the revolt.

General Manuel Lisandro Barillas 13th. President of the Republic 1885-1892 Subsequently murdered by President Manuel Estrada Cabrera in 1907 after organizing and supporting an unsuccessful coup attempt against Estrada Cabrera in 1903. He was murdered while in exile in Mexico.

Brigadier General Policarpo Lopez-Pinto (Great-Grandfather) Governor and Chief-Of-Arms of the estates of Chiquimula and Jalapa in East Guatemala during the rule of President Manuel Estrada Cabrera 1898-1906. He was murdered by orders of president Manuel Estrada Cabrera in 1906 after the Head of the Guatemalan Aristocracy The Aycinena Family expressed their support of General Lopez as the preferred choice to succeed Estrada Cabrera in the presidency.

Carlos Humberto Lopez-Gonzalez (Grandfather) after the conservatives murder his father he turned to Left Wing Political activist and Politician, he supported the 1944 left wing revolution and was minister of transport during the presidency of Juan Jose Arevalo, 1945-1951 and Chief of Customs during the presidency of Jacobo Arbenz 1951-1954. He was briefly imprisoned and released during the right wing counter-revolution in 1955. He died of natural causes in 1979.

Through his maternal grandfather, Adolfo Mazariegos, Carlos is a direct descendant of Diego de Mazariegos, Conquistador of the region of Chiapas Mexico, and First Lieutenant Governor of Chiapas between 1528-1529. Diego Mazariegos was the first cousin of Alonso de Estrada, a Colonial Official and Governor of New Spain between 1525 and 1528, Alonso was allegedly the illegitimate son of King Ferdinand II of Aragon.

Career
During his younger years, Lopez-Barillas spent a short spell working as a fashion photographer for the fashion magazine Amiga, Upon closure of the magazine he was offered a post in the news section of the local daily Prensa Libre, an experience which marked the transformation of his work from fashion to reportage and investigative journalism. He worked there for a few years until he was offered a post with the American news agency the Associated Press (AP).

Lopez-Barillas continued working for AP until his subsequent move to live in Europe in 1996, when he developed a working relationship with the US Daily The New York Times. Apart from his documentary work, his work includes high level investigations into corruption of public institutions and non-governmental organisations NGO's.

Among other awards, he received a replica of the Nobel Peace Prize medal from Nobel laureate Rigoberta Menchú in December 1994 for his documentary and humanitarian work.

Sports
In his youth Lopez-Barillas won several Guatemalan skateboarding competitions, specialising in pool and vertical riding, he went to win the national aerial championship in 1978 with a recorded 6-foot high aerial. His interest with board based sports extended into surfing. He became active in swimming and waterpolo during his university years, first joining the national university USAC team, and later drafted into the Guatemalan National Waterpolo Squad where he played over 100 international caps, between 1980 and 1995. Among other victories, he played in the different teams that won the national waterpolo and swimming championships between 1981 and 1995, He won gold medals in the Central American Games in 1985, 1989, and 1993, also gold in the Central America Mexico and Caribbean games of 1986 and 1990. After his move to Europe he continued playing waterpolo in Ireland, playing with the team Clonard in the first division of the Irish Waterpolo League. Lopez-Barillas suffered a serious accident while snowboarding in 2002, fracturing his left arm and requiring reconstructive surgery to his left wrist and hand, to date he is still active in skateboarding, snowboarding, surfing and kite surfing. He is still active playing Squash at competition level in London, UK.

title: Carlos Lopez-Barillas


text:
Ismaël Tidjani Serpos

Ismaël Tidjani Serpos is a member of the Pan-African Parliament from Benin.

title: Ismaël Tidjani Serpos


text:
WSHM-LD

WSHM-LD (channel 33) is a low-power television station in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States, affiliated with CBS. It is owned by Gray Television alongside ABC/Fox/MyNetworkTV affiliate WGGB-TV (channel 40). The two stations share studios on Liberty Street in Springfield; WSHM-LD's transmitter is located on Mount Tom in Holyoke.

Although considered a separate station in its own right, WSHM-LD is actually operated as a semi-satellite of WFSB (channel 3) in Hartford–New Haven, Connecticut. WSHM-LD clears all network programming as provided through its parent station, but airs a separate lineup of syndicated programming, as well as separate commercial inserts and its own legal identifications. Master control and some internal operations are based at WFSB's studios on Denise D'Ascenzo Way in Rocky Hill, Connecticut.

History
The station signed on as W67DF in 1996 airing a low-powered analog signal, on UHF channel 67, from a transmitter on Mount Tom in Holyoke. The station served as the Pioneer Valley's over-the-air repeater of the Trinity Broadcasting Network without any local deviation outside of station identification.

Originally, CBS was seen in the Pioneer Valley on WHYN-TV (now WGGB-TV) from 1953 until 1959. The end of WHYN's CBS affiliation came several months after WFSB (then known as WTIC-TV with no relation to the current station except for the same call sign) became the network's Connecticut affiliate. Due to its strong analog signal on VHF channel 3, the station also became CBS' affiliate of record in Springfield; most cable television providers in Western Massachusetts carried WFSB once cable arrived in the Pioneer Valley in the early 1980s. Cable companies in Berkshire County carried WRGB-TV, as that area is considered to be a part of the Albany media market; Worcester County was also served by WHDH (now an independent station) and later WBZ-TV from Boston. Later on, WTIC-TV/WFSB would begin to purchase the syndicated territorial rights to programming for both the Hartford–New Haven and Springfield–Holyoke markets in bulk. It also blocked several attempts by WGGB to switch from ABC back to CBS.

In 2003, the Meredith Corporation (having acquired WFSB in June 1997) purchased W67DF in order to set up a separate operation in the Pioneer Valley. Reasons for such a launch ranged from local advertising opportunities, to being able to assert the Pioneer Valley as a secondary New England Patriots market as the team started its two-decade Brady–Belichick era. Meredith hoped to avoid preempting Patriots games in Hartford–New Haven, since Connecticut is located on the dividing line between the traditional home territories for Boston and New York City teams, and longstanding split allegiances among area fans between the Patriots and their AFC East rivals, the New York Jets. In November of that year, the station joined CBS and adopted the call sign WSHM-LP after officially upgrading to low-power status. TBN remains available easily through all cable and satellite providers in the area.

At sign-on, WSHM immediately replaced WFSB on Pioneer Valley cable systems. The station took the on-air branding "CBS 3" based on the cable channel location. It also received permission from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to continue using the channel 3 position for its digital companion channel when its operations were launched, in concert with WFSB. There were also no branding confusion concerns brought up by the second-nearest channel 3, fellow CBS affiliate (and future sister station) WCAX-TV in Burlington, Vermont.

The channel 3 branding remained to encourage longtime WFSB viewers to stay with WSHM after the switch, and to entirely avoid the ignominy of branding with their analog allocation on a high-band UHF channel, as in technicality, WSHM's analog channel held the highest number allocation of all CBS affiliates, with WWJ-TV in Detroit's channel 62 the highest full-power channel among its full-power affiliates. Mentions of channel 67 were limited to required technical disclosures during rare technical sign-on and sign-off sequences until the end of WSHM's analog service in late 2010.

Originally, WSHM was operated out of WFSB's "Broadcast House" on Constitution Plaza in Downtown Hartford. It cleared all of WFSB's syndicated programming except for those shows already claimed by Springfield's full-power stations commercial stations, WWLP (channel 22) and future sister station WGGB. In August 2006, WSHM changed its logo from one resembling sister station KPHO-TV to a logo resembling (but unrelated to) CBS owned-and-operated KYW-TV in Philadelphia.

On May 25, 2007, WFSB's studios were flooded by a water main break. The flooding knocked out power and phone service to the building which in turn caused WFSB to go dark. WSHM's master control was also affected and the station went black for about an hour mid-afternoon and intermittently throughout the evening. There were some points during the weekend that its "CBS 3 Springfield" IDs were seen on WFSB while that outlet's IDs were seen on WSHM. On June 27, the master control and internal operations of WSHM and WFSB moved to a newly constructed facility (south of Hartford) in Rocky Hill. Since it is a low-powered station, WSHM was exempt from the FCC-mandated switch to digital-only broadcasting on or before June 12, 2009. Back on February 28, 2008, a high definition feed of this station was added to Comcast, replacing WFSB which moved to digital channel 291 and became a standard-definition feed. Charter would follow suit two years later. Meredith eventually removed WFSB from those systems due to corporate and network affiliation agreements requiring only WSHM-LD's ratings to account for CBS in the Springfield market.

On June 18, 2014, Meredith announced that it would acquire WGGB from Gormally Broadcasting, creating a duopoly with WSHM. FCC broadcast ownership rules normally forbid same-market ownership of two of the four highest-rated television stations (based on monthly total-day ratings), which often constitute stations affiliated with the four major broadcast networks. Additionally, the Springfield market has only three full-power television stations (WGGB, WWLP and PBS member station WGBY-TV [channel 57]), too few to allow a duopoly in any normal circumstance. However, the deal is permissible under FCC rules which allow common ownership of full-power and low-power television stations (the respective class designations of WGGB and WSHM) in all markets. This sale was completed on October 31, 2014. Although WSHM and WGGB initially maintained separate facilities, WSHM was eventually consolidated into WGGB's studios in May 2015.

On September 8, 2015, Media General announced that it would acquire Meredith for $2.4 billion, with the combined group to be renamed Meredith Media General once the sale was finalized. Because Media General already owned WWLP, the companies would have been required to sell either WGGB or WWLP to comply with FCC ownership rules as well as recent changes to those rules regarding same-market television stations that restrict sharing agreements, had the sale gone through. WSHM-LD was the only one of the three stations affected by the proposed merger that could legally be acquired by Meredith Media General, owing to its low-power license, and it was possible the station would be paired with either WGGB or WWLP after the sales were completed. However, on January 27, 2016, Nexstar Broadcasting Group announced that it had reached an agreement to acquire Media General, resulting in the termination of Meredith's acquisition by Media General.

On May 3, 2021, Gray Television announced its intent to purchase the Meredith Local Media division for $2.7 billion. The sale was completed on December 1. As a result, WSHM-LD became a sister station to fellow CBS affiliates WCAX-TV to the north in Burlington, Vermont, and WWNY-TV in Watertown, New York.

WSHM-LD2
In September 2010, WSHM began to carry select live UMass Minutemen sports programming on its own second subchannel, which also carried a standard loop of automated news and weather information. The subchannel converted to Cozi TV in the second quarter of 2015 as part of Meredith's carriage deal with the network across all of their stations. The subchannel is carried on Spectrum channel 183 and Xfinity's channel 293. In January 2019, WSHM-LD8 upgraded its over-the-air digital signal into 720p high definition.

News operation
Initially as a semi-satellite of WFSB, WSHM did not operate a news department of its own nor did it simulcast any local newscasts from its parent. In October 2005, WSHM finally established a news operation and began producing local news from studios in Monarch Place in Downtown Springfield's Metro Center section. It was the first station in the United States to use Grass Valley's "Ignite" control room system. Originally, CBS 3 Springfield News was only seen Monday through Saturday nights at 6, Sundays at 6:30, and every night at 11.

Initially after entering the news race in the Pioneer Valley, it struggled to make a dent in the ratings of longtime market leader NBC affiliate WWLP and established runner up ABC outlet WGGB. Eventually, this station grew substantially across the board during the May 2009 sweeps period to within decimal points of WGGB in several key demographics. Compared with the area's two other commercial television stations, WSHM tended to have a flashier format in its newscasts featuring more fast-paced coverage.

Fending off a challenge by WGGB, WSHM debuted the area's first prime time newscast on August 18, 2008. Known as CBS 3 Springfield Non-Stop News at 10, the twenty-minute program aired in a commercial-free format on its then cable-exclusive local weather channel seven nights a week (the program was also streamed live on its website). The launch beat Fox affiliate WGGB-DT2 which started its own nightly prime time show at 10 on September 8. At some point in time for an unknown reason, WSHM's 10 p.m. broadcast was dropped. On August 24, 2009, it began airing a thirty-minute show on weekday afternoons called CBS 3 Springfield News First at 4. It was the first Pioneer Valley station to make such a launch. The program was expanded to sixty minutes on February 4, 2013.

In September 2010, WSHM debuted an updated local news format that contained the top stories of the day and a full weather segment shown in the first five minutes of all newscasts before a commercial break. To go along with the change, a new logo was made public and included an updated music package and graphics theme identical to WFSB. In the past during weather forecast segments, this station had been exclusively using WFSB's Doppler weather radar. Known as "Early Warning Pinpoint Doppler", this is based on top of a terminal building at Bradley International Airport in Windsor Locks, Connecticut. Eventually, live NOAA National Weather Service radar data from several regional sites began to be used interchangeably with WFSB's radar and was branded on WSHM as "Pinpoint Doppler".

Following Meredith's purchase of WGGB, the news operations of WGGB and WSHM were merged under the Western Mass News branding on April 21, 2015. The combined news operation is based out of WGGB's facilities on Liberty Street; this led to the closure of WSHM's Monarch Place studios following the April 20, 2015, newscasts. As a result of the merger, WGGB and WSHM simulcast the weeknight 6 p.m. and nightly 11 p.m. newscasts. WSHM retained its weekday afternoon local news hour from 4 until 5 which is not seen on WGGB. In addition, its partnership with the Springfield Republican and MassLive was extended to include WGGB. Also, as a result of the change, local news is now carried in high definition, an arrangement not possible when WSHM was at its previous facilities.

CBS' O&O station in Boston, WBZ-TV, shares resources with WSHM for coverage of Eastern Massachusetts and this station does the same for western areas of the state, in addition to the sharing of resources with WCVB-TV and WFXT in Boston from WGGB's existing ABC and Fox affiliations. iHeartMedia-owned radio stations WHYN (560 AM) and WHYN-FM (93.1 FM) partner with Western Mass News for severe weather coverage and winter weather storm closings. There was no regular sports segment seen during its newscasts although there was a Sunday night sports highlight show that aired after its 11 p.m. news.

Due to the arrangement of WSHM-LD, WGGB and WGGB-DT2, WSHM does not broadcast news in some timeslots, ceding to WGGB's wider viewership with its weekday morning, noon and 5 p.m. shows, and its evening weekend newscasts. Generally, the latter would be preempted by CBS Sports programming most weekend early evenings, with WGGB airing news at those times outside of the college football season. Conversely, WSHM airs Saturday night late newscasts on most of those same evenings which then repeat on WGGB immediately after the end of ABC's Saturday Night Football coverage, or other sporting event, and in the reverse it airs the 11 p.m. newscast on a delay on Sunday nights where earlier CBS Sports programming (namely NFL coverage) delays the schedule a half-hour purposefully.

Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed. From the launch of its digital signal, it numbered as a subchannel of WFSB, specifically 3.5 and later, 3.7, to avert confusion with its Hartford sister station under Meredith ownership. Gray began to re-number the station as its own entity to channel 33 on February 4, 2023, though it continues to brand otherwise as "CBS 3".

Analog-to-digital conversion
An application filed with the FCC calling for WSHM to launch its own low-powered digital station on channel 49 was dismissed in June 2006. Another application to move the existing analog signal to channel 45 was dismissed in 2004 at the station's request. More recently, WSHM had a construction permit to air a low-powered digital signal on UHF channel 21. On November 22, 2010, this became active after WSHM finally gained a "license to cover" allowing it to turn-off its analog signal (on channel 67) and activate its own digital signal for the first time.

On January 7, 2011, to reflect the change to digital-exclusive transmission, its calls were officially changed to WSHM-LD. WFSB's digital signal continues to have good reception into southern areas of the Pioneer Valley, thus allowing access to two CBS affiliates. In the fall of 2022, a new transmitter for WSHM was activated atop Mount Tom on the WGGB tower, which now provides a solid signal for the region from north of Greenfield to north of downtown Hartford.

title: WSHM-LD


text:
St Andrew's Presbyterian Church, Wingham

St Andrew's Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian church at 32 Moon Street, Wingham, New South Wales, Australia. Together with St Thomas' Presbyterian Church, Krambach, the St Andrew's congregation forms part of the Wingham and Upper Manning Parish.

St Andrew's is located on a 3 acre triangular block formed by Moon Street, Gloucester Road, and Fotheringham Street in Wingham. St. Andrew's is towards the apex at the corner of Moon Street and Gloucester Road. The manse is located at the Fotheringham Street end of the block, however the manse is not the home of the current minister.

Church building
The church building is a yellow brick building from the 1970s and replaced the original wooden church built in 1856 in Canget Street, one block east of the Wingham Memorial Hall.

The site of the new church was donated to the parish many years before the new church was built for the purpose of providing a manse. The manse was built in 1898 and has since undergone several alterations.

Part of the funding for the new building was provided by a scheme subsidising the building of World War II memorials. There is a roll of honour in the porch.

The building itself includes a sanctuary with seating for 120 people, a vestry off to the right and the hall to the left. Inside the church an enclosed pulpit is located to the left of the congregations view, and a lectern on the right. Further right from the lectern is seating for a choir of 30. Directly behind the lectern is the baptismal font. In the centre between the font and the organ is the Communion Table and seating for the minister and 8 elders. Behind the pulpit is a large chair for the preacher and the new organ. The original organ was donated by the former minister Rev. Philip Lucock. At the very back of the church is a large stand on which flowers are placed and above that on the back wall is a large celtic cross.

Although the original plans included the church hall, it was not expected that it would be built at the same time as the new church, but the parish decided that it could afford to do so. The original plans included only a small kitchen and did not include public facilities, which were added, but are located a long way from the body of the hall, and even further from the church itself.

Similar churches by the same architect are Port Macquarie Presbyterian Church, the Presbyterian Church at Rutherford, New South Wales, and a church at Leura in the Blue Mountains.

Parish
The Wingham and Upper Manning Parish was established in 1883 by its division form the Taree and Lower Manning Parish. At the time the parish formerly included congregations at Ashlea, Bo Bo, Bobin, Callighan's Creek, Cedar Party Creek, Cooplacurripa, Cucumbark, Kauthi, Krambach, Killawarra, Kimbriki, Kilibakh Creek, Glen Lewis, Giro, Nowendoc, No. 1, Wherral Flat, and Woodside (near Mt George). In the mid-1990s a congregation at Comboyne joined the neighbouring parish of Wauchope.


text: Category:Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Benin


text: User talk:69.164.4.111

title: User talk:69.164.4.111


text: Category:Activism stubs

title: Category:Activism stubs


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nefarious stp

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE.  Rob e  rt  15:56, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Nefarious stp
bandvanity, no google hits
 * Delete. Gazpacho 06:39, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no google hits. Punkmorten 12:28, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN --Rogerd 04:54, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Elazul's Pad

I love how it was automatically determined that this was sockpuppetry. There was obviously a community to which users like JIP were too busy to label rather then acknowledge. There were no duplicate users joining in on the debate, or rather even on the original article. So please do explain, how is this sockpuppetry? As per the Wikipedia definition of Internet Sock Puppet, "A sock puppet describes an additional account created by an existing member of an Internet community, sometimes to manufacture the illusion of support in a vote or argument.", I don't and can't see how the two are the same.


text:
Talk:Relic (Preston and Child novel)

Final Paragraph Reflects Information from 'Reliquary'
Much of the information about Whittlesey's transformation into the Museum Beast and Kawakita's independent research is based on material discussed in the sequel and doesn't seem like it should be in the plot summary for Relic. If no one objects, I will remove the Reliquary material. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Infophiliac (talk • contribs) 16:34, 3 April 2019 (UTC)

DO NOT EDIT THIS ARTICLE
The original version of this article--with its edit history--is at Relic. A user moved it without using the move article facility, losing the entire edit history. The original article is awaiting a move from an administrator. In the meantime, don't edit this article or your edits will be lost. — Frecklefoot | Talk 19:57, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

I have removed the erroneous redirect of this talk page to Talk:The Relic (movie) article that occured after this article was renamed. --SFDan 06:55, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Fixed up
I fixed the move from Relic (novel) to The Relic. I left it in the last version of The Relic. Take care and remember to use the move function next time! Ryan Norton T 06:42, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

book cover
Can't we get the book cover instead of the movie poster?--D-Boy 08:14, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:The Relic (film) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 03:02, 8 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Relic (Preston and Child novel)


text:
Armored Core (video game)

Armored Core is a 1997 third-person shooter mecha video game developed by FromSoftware and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation. The game is the first entry in the Armored Core series. A digital port was released in 2007 in Japan and 2015 in North America on the PlayStation Network as a part of the PSone Classics line of games.

The story introduces many elements that are commonly found in later games in the series, such as corporatocracies and mech robots known as "Armored Cores". The game takes place in a future Earth that has been wiped out by a cataclysm and forced humanity underground, a theme which would continue until Armored Core 4.

Gameplay involves controlling Armored Cores in combat scenarios against other Cores and vehicles. Cores are highly modular, allowing players a great deal of customization over them, such as swapping out different leg units to gain speed advantages. As players complete more missions, they gain credits to purchase different items and parts for their Core. Armored Core was favorably received by critics, who were especially impressed with its customization and multiplayer.

Gameplay
In single-player, players choose missions to engage enemies and earn credits. Within missions, the player navigates levels built on different kinds of terrain, ranging from desert bases to space stations. Levels are extremely open, forcing the player to look around for enemies that can appear from all directions. Like many shooters, the primary weapon types available for use are guns, rocket launchers, lasers, missiles, and swords which can be customized at will based on player purchases. Ammunition and repair costs are deducted from mission rewards, and mission failure still penalizes the player with these deductions. The player is responsible for purchasing their weapons and AC parts, and must use the money they earn from missions to that end.

As the player progresses through missions, the pay increases, but choosing specific missions can lock others down, creating a branching path through the story that can be noticeably different on subsequent play sessions.

The game has a two-player versus mode using a split screen or the PlayStation Link Cable.

Plot
The vast majority of Earth's population is wiped out by a cataclysmic war known as the "Great Destruction". The harsh conditions that result force the few remaining survivors to live underground for fifty years, during which time corporations come to power. The two largest corporations, Chrome and Murakumo Millennium, constantly battle each other for supremacy, causing significant strife among the populace. However, the competition provides endless opportunities for mercenaries called Ravens, who exist independently of the corporations. The player is a Raven and pilots an Armored Core, powerful mecha robots that fight for the highest bidder.

Development
The robot designs were created by renowned mecha designer Shōji Kawamori. Kawamori was approached before the PlayStation's launch and during this time, the concept of a player-designed modular mecha was one of the game's only set ideas. Kawamori thought that too much player freedom would hinder the team's ability to form a unique visual identity for the game, so he proposed the concept of "armored cores," a system in which the modularity revolved around changes around a core block containing the cockpit, engine, and joint connectors for the limbs and so on. FromSoftware adopted this as the official concept for the mecha and the name of the game.

Release
Armored Core was initially released in Japan for the Sony PlayStation on July 10, 1997. FromSoftware partnered with Sony Computer Entertainment and released a North American version on October 25 the same year, while a European version was released on June 1, 1998.

As a part of Sony's PSone Classics banner, Armored Core was re-released in Japan for the PlayStation 3 (and later the PlayStation Vita) on July 26, 2007. In North America, the game was re-released on March 24, 2015 for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, and PlayStation Vita.

Armored Core became a title for the Japanese release of the PlayStation Classic on December 3, 2018. The game has not been released on PlayStation Classic consoles in other regions.

Reception
Reviewers praised the gameplay of Armored Core, highlighting the depth of customization options afforded to the player. Game Revolution's Nebojsa Radakovic wrote, "A ballpark figure for possible combinations is in the very high millions," and added, "The variety of weapons is also a definite plus." GameSpot's Joe Fielder similarly praised the depth of options available, stating, "Almost as charming as the gameplay are the upgradable options for the mech". Kraig Kujawa of Electronic Gaming Monthly felt the amount of customization was the best aspect of the game. GamePro attested that "robot mechanics will have a great time shopping through the detailed onscreen catalogs and fine-tuning their killing machines."

The local multiplayer was positively received, with Radakovic calling it "a sure-fire recipe for intense death matches for the fate of the universe." Adam Douglas from IGN agreed, referring to the multiplayer as "The real meat of the game". Next Generation noted the immense size and great variety of the multiplayer arenas.

A common complaint from reviewers was that the speed of turning is too slow. IGN, Next Generation, and GamePro all commented on this, with Douglas describing it as his "only complaint".

Radakovic praised the graphics, writing they were "excellent with a high attention to detail." AllGame's Shawn Sackenheim agreed with this, describing, "Crisp texture maps with little pixelation and distortion carry visuals to a new level." Next Generation had a different outlook, stating, "while crisp, [they] do lean a little to the bland side". Fielder wrote, "Its graphics ... are fitting and workable."

Reviewers both praised and criticized the soundtrack, which was described as being fitting and lacking depending on the source. Game Informer's consensus was that, "All the sounds are appropriate and the soundtrack is as thumping as it can get." Radakovic disagreed, writing, "there is little to no background music in the game; so mostly all you hear is the sound of gunfire and metallic footsteps." GamePro commented, "The effects are the stars of the audio show with great blasts and clanking metal body parts. The fusion music tries hard but quickly gets repetitive."

Armored Core's story was criticized as unoriginal and underdeveloped, while some reviewers also commented on the length of the campaign. Game Informer's Andy McNamara stated, "If you're looking for something with plot, you aren't going to find it here". Douglas felt that the missions were "pretty straightforward". Radakovic wrote that the developers "don’t get an award for plot originality" and mentioned that he felt the campaign was too short, saying, "50 missions may sound like a lot, but they can go by pretty quickly if you know what you’re doing." However, most critics felt that the inclusion of a story campaign with sophisticated missions put Armored Core a cut above its contemporary Virtual On: Cyber Troopers, which contains only small-scale mech vs. mech fights. Kujawa even found that the increasing difficulty of the missions can force the player to adapt their play style as well as upgrading their mech.

The game held a 75% on the review aggregation website GameRankings at the time of its 2019 closure, based on eight reviews.

Sequels and legacy
Armored Core is the first entry in a mecha game series of the same name, and spawned many sequels, including Armored Core: Project Phantasma and Armored Core: Master of Arena. The making of Armored Core solidified FromSoftware's development skills, and in July 1999, they released the multiplayer action game Frame Gride for the Sega Dreamcast. The company's focus would shift from RPGs to mech games due in part to the success of the Armored Core series. In 2002, FromSoftware released the mech action game Murakumo: Renegade Mech Pursuit for the Xbox. In 2004, they released another Xbox title, Metal Wolf Chaos. In 2005, FromSoftware started to produce a series of licensed games based on various mecha-based anime properties under the banner Another Century's Episode.

title: Armored Core (video game)


text: User talk:84.244.192.111

title: User talk:84.244.192.111


text:
Talk:Ching-Te (crater)

Untitled
Who is the crater named after? It is said the crater is named after a Chinese name. Well, I'm a Chinese, but I really cannot recognize what or who Ching-Te is. - Yaohua2000 06:43, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This is one of a small portion of the lunar craters that aren't named after a person, but instead have been given a name originating from a particular nationality. Thanks. :) — RJH 19:39, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ching-Te (crater)


text: Template:UEFA European Under-17 Championship


text:
Enteric coating

An enteric coating is a polymer barrier applied to oral medication that prevents its dissolution or disintegration in the gastric environment. This helps by either protecting drugs from the acidity of the stomach, the stomach from the detrimental effects of the drug, or to release the drug after the stomach (usually in the upper tract of the intestine). Some drugs are unstable at the pH of gastric acid and need to be protected from degradation. Enteric coating is also an effective method to obtain drug targeting (such as gastro-resistant drugs). Other drugs such as some anthelmintics may need to reach a high concentration in a specific part of the intestine. Enteric coating may also be used during studies as a research tool to determine drug absorption. Enteric-coated medications pertain to the "delayed action" dosage form category. Tablets, mini-tablets, pellets and granules (usually filled into capsule shells) are the most common enteric-coated dosage forms.

Description
Most enteric coatings work by presenting a surface that is stable at the intensely acidic pH found in the stomach, but breaks down rapidly at a higher pH (alkaline pH). For example, they will not dissolve in the gastric acids of the stomach (pH ~3), but they will in the alkaline (pH 7–9) environment present in the small intestine. The time required for an enteric-coated dosage form to reach the intestine mostly depends on the presence and type of food in the stomach. It varies from 30 minutes up to 7 hours, with an average time of 6 hours. Although some studies indicated that larger sized dosage forms may require additional time for gastric emptying, others suggested that the size, shape, or volume of the tablet possess no significant effects instead. Enteric coated granules emptying rate is, however, less affected by the presence of food and present the more uniform release and reproducible transit time typical of the multiparticulates dispersion.

By preventing the drug from dissolving into the stomach, enteric coating may protect gastric mucosa from the irritating effects of the medication itself. When the drug reaches the neutral or alkaline environment of the intestine, its active ingredients can then dissolve and become available for absorption into the bloodstream. Drugs that have an irritant effect on the stomach, such as aspirin or potassium chloride, can be coated with a substance that will dissolve only in the small intestine. However, it has been shown that enteric coated aspirin may lead to incomplete inhibition of platelets, potentially negating the intended effect for those being treated for vascular disease. Likewise, certain groups of proton pump inhibitors (esomeprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole and all grouped azoles) are acid-activated. For such drugs, enteric coating added to the formulation tends to avoid activation in the mouth and esophagus.

Materials used for enteric coatings include fatty acids, waxes, shellac, plastics, and plant fibers. Conventional materials used are solutions of film resins. However, as the solvents for such solutions are organic solvents, there is a concern about the toxicity potential of the traces of the residual solvents in the tablet coating.

The first form of gastro-resistant coating was introduced by Unna in 1884 in the form of keratin-coated pills, although it was later discovered that they were not able to withstand gastric digestion. Salol was also used by Ceppi as one of the first forms of enteric coating. However, the first material that was extensively used as enteric coating agent was shellac, since its introduction in 1930. Properly treated or hydrolyzed shellac showed different enteric release properties.

Recently, some companies have begun to apply enteric coatings to fish oil (omega-3 fatty acids) supplements. The coating prevents the fish oil capsules from being digested in the stomach, which has been known to cause gastroesophageal reflux.

Sometimes the abbreviation "EC" is added beside the name of the drug to indicate that it has an enteric coating.

Composition

 * Methyl acrylate-methacrylic acid copolymers
 * Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP)
 * Cellulose acetate succinate
 * Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate
 * Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate (hypromellose acetate succinate)
 * Polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP)
 * Methyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymers
 * Shellac
 * Cellulose acetate trimellitate
 * Sodium alginate
 * Zein
 * enteric coating aqueous solution (ethylcellulose, medium chain triglycerides [coconut], oleic acid, sodium alginate, stearic acid) (coated softgels)

title: Enteric coating


text:
Glade (brand)

Glade (/gleɪd/) is an American brand of household air fresheners that were first introduced in 1956. Glade is a worldwide brand owned by S. C. Johnson & Son, known variously around the world as Glade, Gleid, Brise (Germany, France and the Netherlands), etc. Brise was renamed Glade in Germany, France and the Netherlands in 2012.

List of Glade products
The Glade family of products include: Aerosol sprays, Candles, Car Scented Oil, Carpet & Room, Glass Scents, PlugIns, PlugIns Scented Gel, PlugIns Scented Oil, Press'n Fresh, Secrets, Scented Oil Candles, and Wisp.

Aerosol

 * Glade Aerosol - Blue Odyssey
 * Glade Aerosol - Clean Linen
 * Glade Aerosol - Country Garden
 * Glade Aerosol - Crisp waters
 * Glade Aerosol - French Vanilla
 * Glade Aerosol - Fresh Lemon
 * Glade Aerosol - Fruit Explosion
 * Glade Aerosol - Hawaiian Breeze
 * Glade Aerosol - Jasmine & White Rose
 * Glade Aerosol - Lavender & Vanilla
 * Glade Aerosol - Lilac Spring
 * Glade Aerosol - Neutralizer
 * Glade Aerosol - Powder Fresh
 * Glade Aerosol - Rainshower
 * Glade Aerosol - Tropical Mist
 * Glade Aerosol - White Tea & Lily
 * Glade Aerosol - Blooming Peony & Cherry

Candles

 * Glade Candles - Cashmere Woods
 * Glade Candles - Apple Cinnamon
 * Glade Candles - Angel Whisper
 * Glade Candles - Clean Linen
 * Glade Candles - French Vanilla
 * Glade Candles - Glistening Snow - Cancelled 2009
 * Glade Candles - Lavender Meadow
 * Glade Candles - Melon Burst
 * Glade Candles - Mountain Berry
 * Glade Candles - Pumpkin Pie
 * Glade Candles - Rainshower
 * Glade Candles - Refreshing Spa
 * Glade Candles - Strawberries & Cream
 * Glade Candles - Fresh Mountain Morning

3 In 1 Candle

 * Glade 3 In 1 Candle - Baking With Grandma
 * Glade 3 In 1 Candle - Berry Picking
 * Glade 3 In 1 Candle - Evening At Home
 * Glade 3 In 1 Candle - Starlit Garden
 * Glade 3 In 1 Candle - Lighting

Car Scented Oil

 * Glade Car Scented Oil - Jasmine Mist
 * Glade Car Scented Oil - Tropical Moment
 * Glade Car Scented Oil - Outdoor Fresh
 * Glade Car Scented Oil - Ocean Blue

Carpet & Room

 * Glade Carpet & Room - Country Garden
 * Glade Carpet & Room - French Vanilla
 * Glade Carpet & Room - Fresh Scent
 * Glade Carpet & Room - Lilac Spring
 * Glade Carpet & Room - Melon Burst
 * Glade Carpet & Room - Neutralizer
 * Glade Carpet & Room - Rainshower
 * Shake n' Vac

Fragrant Mist

 * Glade Fragrant Mist - Alpine Spice
 * Glade Fragrant Mist - Country Garden

PlugIns
The original concept for PlugIns came from a man named Frederick Gammon who invented it while working for Johnson & Johnson.
 * Glade PlugIns - Apple Cinnamon
 * Glade PlugIns - Citrus Zest
 * Glade PlugIns - Clean Linen
 * Glade PlugIns - Country Garden
 * Glade PlugIns - Country Spice
 * Glade PlugIns - Glistening Snow - Cancelled 2009
 * Glade PlugIns - Island Breeze
 * Glade PlugIns - Lilac Spring
 * Glade PlugIns - Mango Splash
 * Glade PlugIns - Mountain Berry
 * Glade PlugIns - Mountain Meadow
 * Glade PlugIns - Mountain Snow
 * Glade PlugIns - Natural Springs
 * Glade PlugIns - Rainshower
 * Glade PlugIns - Refreshing Spa
 * Glade PlugIns - Strawberry
 * Glade PlugIns - Tropical Garden
 * Glade PlugIns - Vanilla Garden

PlugIns Scented Gel

 * Glade PlugIns Scented Gel - Lavender & Vanilla

PlugIns Scented Oil

 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Apple Cinnamon
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Butterfly Garden
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Clean Linen
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Clear Springs
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Ferns and Blossoms
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Floral Escape
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Glistening Snow - Cancelled 2009
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Hawaiian Breeze
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Jasmine & White Rose
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Lavender Meadow
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Mystical Garden
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Mango Fusion
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Ocean Blue
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Refreshing Citrus
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Rainshower
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Seaside Garden
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Sky Breeze
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Summer Berries
 * Glade PlugIns Scented Oil - Vanilla Breeze

Press 'N Fresh

 * Glade Press 'N Fresh - Country Garden
 * Glade Press 'N Fresh - Just Orange
 * Glade Press 'N Fresh - Rainshower

Quick 'N Fresh

 * Glade Quick 'N Fresh - Country Garden
 * Glade Quick 'N Fresh - Sunny Days

Secrets

 * Glade Secrets - Country Garden
 * Glade Secrets - Floral Breeze
 * Glade Secrets - Lavender Meadow
 * Glade Secrets - Rainshower
 * Glade Secrets - Summer cravings

Solid Air Fresheners

 * Glade Solid Air Freshener - Angel Whispers
 * Glade Solid Air Freshener - Apple Cinnamon
 * Glade Solid Air Freshener - Clean Linen
 * Glade Solid Air Freshener - Clear Springs (Tough Odor Solutions)
 * Glade Solid Air Freshener - Crisp Waters
 * Glade Solid Air Freshener - French Vanilla
 * Glade Solid Air Freshener - Fresh Berries
 * Glade Solid Air Freshener - Fresh Scent for Pet Odors (Tough Odor Solutions)
 * Glade Solid Air Freshener - Hawaiian Breeze
 * Glade Solid Air Freshener - Lavender & Vanilla

Holiday products
In the late 2005, Glade introduced candles inspired by artist Thomas Kinkade. Both candles had a different wintry scene printed on the jar and offered the choice of vanilla, apple cinnamon, or pumpkin pie scent.

Competition
Glade's two main competitors in the air freshener market are Air Wick and Renuzit. Formerly, Wizard Scented Oils was also a competitor to Glade as well until it was discontinued due to poor sales.

title: Glade (brand)


text:
Armored Core: Project Phantasma

Armored Core: Project Phantasma is a 1997 third-person shooter mecha video game developed by FromSoftware for the PlayStation. Project Phantasma is the second entry in the Armored Core series and a prequel to the original Armored Core. The game was not released in Europe.

The story is set 2 years before the original Armored Core and follows the player's investigation of the mysterious Amber Crown complex, a testing ground for the shadowy Doomsday Organization and their dangerous research codenamed Project Phantasma. The player encounters an escaped prisoner named Sumika, who guides the player as the two are targeted by a vicious rival named Stinger.

Gameplay is largely identical to Armored Core with the addition of new weapons and customization options available to the player. Players can import save files from the original game to continue their progress and use parts that are only present in the original's in-game shop. An Arena mode is included in the game, which would later be expanded in Armored Core: Master of Arena.

Gameplay
Project Phantasma continues the core gameplay of Armored Core, in which players choose missions to engage enemies and earn credits. Levels remain open, and enemies can appear from any direction to attack the player. A majority of weapons and items from the original game appear with new additions that can be purchased by the player.

An import feature allows players to bring their character from Armored Core into the game, retaining all of their customization and weapons from the original game. In order to do so, they would need a save file from the original game on their memory card. Players can instead create a new character, but in doing so lose the ability to bring certain exclusive weapons and items from the original game to Project Phantasma.

Unlike Armored Core, Project Phantasma does not include a branching story line and instead focuses on a much more linear experience. Rather than the 50 missions of the original, Project Phantasma features 17, but have more variety and depth than the original game.

Project Phantasma introduces three new features: the Arena, Replay mode, and DualShock compatibility. In the Arena player is given the opportunity to face off against opponents of varying difficulty. The Arena is an optional feature, but allows players to earn more credits to unlock new weapons and items for their Armored Core. Replay mode allows players to watch an exact recreation of their last battle from multiple perspectives. DualShock functionality allows for force feedback vibrations during explosions and strikes.

Returning from Armored Core is a split screen multiplayer mode. This mode features 1-on-1 combat and allows players to bring their customized Armored Core via a memory card. This mode retains the PlayStation Link Cable functionality introduced in the first game, allowing players to connect two PlayStation consoles together and fight each other on separate televisions.

Plot
The Raven (protagonist) receives an unusual request. The cryptic message tells the player to infiltrate a mysterious underground complex called Amber Crown with a promise of an extremely lucrative monetary reward. Once in Amber Crown, the player encounters Sumika Juutilainen, an escapee from the enigmatic Doomsday Organization (Wednesday Organization in Japan), the shadow group that has been operating in the complex. Sumika becomes the player's primary client and partner during the mission in Amber Crown.

As the player completes more missions, he develops a rivalry with an Armored Core pilot named Stinger, who is in the employ of the Doomsday Organization. Stinger becomes a more dangerous presence as the mystery in Amber Crown is uncovered, culminating in the revelation of Project Phantasma. A top-secret development project by the Doomsday Organization, Project Phantasma is a weapon system that would tip the balance of power. Sumika and Stinger were test subjects for the project. Stinger, desiring the strength of the Phantasma weapon, attempts to use it against the player.

The player's continued success drives Stinger to merge with Phantasma and challenge the player to a final fight. The player defeats Stinger and destroys the Phantasma project, leading to the dissolution of the Doomsday Organization.

Release
Project Phantasma was initially released in Japan for the Sony PlayStation on December 4, 1997. FromSoftware partnered with ASCII Entertainment and released a North American version on October 7, 1998. A European version was never released.

As a part of Sony's PSone Classics banner, Project Phantasma was re-released in Japan for the PlayStation 3 (and later the PlayStation Vita) on September 27, 2007. It was never re-released in other territories.

Reception
The game received "average" reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 27 out of 40.

Project Phantasma's gameplay was well received and seen as an improvement over the original Armored Core. GameSpot's Joe Fielder noted that the depth of the missions, despite being fewer in number, was a welcome addition, stating that they required "more thought than merely 'Destroy!'" In a review for AllGame, Shawn Sackenheim praised the Arena mode, summarizing the experience as able to keep players "busy for weeks". IGN's Craig Harris was more reserved about the game, writing that it wasn't a "high-key PlayStation title", but was still "a fun action title". Next Generation said, "Those who were really into the original Armored Core – and there were more than a few – should enjoy the greater number of missions and options in Project Phantasma."

Reviewers, while generally agreeing that the game was mechanically an improvement over the original game, criticized the lack of content in Project Phantasma. GameSpot's Fielder pointed out that "Armored Core: Project Phantasma can be beaten within the space of two or three days, meaning there simply isn't quite enough here to justify the cost of purchase". AllGame's Sackenheim also commented that "the single player missions ended too quickly", but seemed to disagree on the Arena being that short. GamePro said that the game "will give any mech partisan a good fight. But if this is your first time with robot combat, you'd do well to rent the game first instead of rushing into a battle that might never be won."

title: Armored Core: Project Phantasma


text:
Talk:Vayalar Ramavarma

Vayalar the hindu poet?
If there is a category for "hindu poets", its probably unnecessary. Even if it was necessary to have such a category, Vayalar would be the last person one would think of adding to it. Yeah, he was a poet, he was "born" a hindu, but.. If he must be categorized, he'd fall under "anti-religious poets" more suitably than anywhere else. Why insult his ghost? ok, if someone must absolutely include him under "hindu poets"; then please do so, i won't remove it once again, i'll just register my protest here.

--Pournami 06:44, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I completely agree. I raised the point in Category_talk:Hindu_poets, but no one seemed to care. However, a category for poets who have written the mythological/relegious stuff (Valmiki, Tulsidas, Jayadeva etc) seems sensible. As of now, with Vayalar gone, all but two of the people in the category are such people, so I hope that is the intention of people who started it. Tintin 11:03, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

He is a malayalam poet, he does not have any religion  Rahul SomanDiscussions - contribs 15:28, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

should there be a quote section?
don't know of what use it could be of:

snehikkayilla njaan novumaathmavine snehicheedathoru thatvashaastratheyum-ma nishada!, mulankaadu

vaalallen samaraayudham, thchanatchanadhhwaanammuzhakkeduvaanaaLallen karavaaLuvittoru manipponveena vaangichu njaan!-sargasangeetham.

 * Hmmm. IMHO, these are for ml.wikipedia, unless you can do a good translatation. Tintin 11:07, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

snehikkayilla njaan novumaathmavine snehicheedathoru thatvashaastratheyum- is by Changampuzha. In fact the Late Prof. M.Krishnan Nair would class vayalar and several other poets as among those who could not find their own idiom, on account of Changampuzha's influence.Annamma Agnihotri (talk) 21:04, 9 October 2010 (UTC)

promote to start class
Article promoted to start class as per WP:ASSESS --Anoopkn (talk) 07:53, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

== Vayalar in English ==

A minor attempt to render Vayalar's Film song themes into English understanding. The link may be deleted if found inappropriate. --218.248.68.63 (talk) 08:30, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

Infobox
The following changes are made to the infobox. Birth place: Vayalar, Travancore, British India to Vayalar, Alleppey, Travancore Reason: In 1928, Vayalar was part of Travancore which was a princely state and not part of British India. Death place: Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram to Government Medical College, Trivandrum or Trivandrum Medical College. Reason: The official name of the city was Trivandrum in 1975. And the Medical College was till very recently named Trivandrum Medical College.

And a reference has been added for Vayalar marrying Bharathy Thampuratty.141.72.239.107 (talk) 10:14, 4 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vayalar Ramavarma


text:
Syed Rasel

Syed Rasel (সৈয়দ রাসেল) (born 3 July 1984) is a Bangladeshi former cricketer who represented his country in all formats of the game. He was a left-handed medium-fast swing bowler who came up through the ranks of the under-19s, to the Bangladesh A team, to the full Bangladesh team, while playing domestically for Khulna Division.

Playing for Bangladesh A against Kent in August 2005, a 21-year-old Rasel took bowling figures of 7 for 50 in the first innings and finished the match with ten wickets.

International career
He was rewarded with a spot in the Bangladeshi squad for the tour of Sri Lanka the following month. He went on to make both his Test and ODI debuts on the tour, taking 4 for 129 in the second Test at Colombo.

Back home at Bogra in February 2006, Rasel took 2 for 28 to give Bangladesh their first ever ODI win over Sri Lanka.

Rasel's progress was halted when he damaged his foot in a motorbike accident but he recovered in time to take part in the 2006 Champions Trophy.

Despite not playing all but one game of their last ODI series before 2007 Cricket World Cup, he made the squad for the Caribbean. In the 3rd Test against Sri Lanka during the 2007 season he became the 700th Test victim of Muttiah Muralitharan.

At the start of November 2010, the BCB announced 16 central contracts. Rasel was one of six players in the third tier (grade B). When the central contracts were next renewed, in April 2012, Rasel's contract was allowed to lapse.

In 2011, he signed for Halstead Cricket Club to play in the East Anglian Premier Cricket League.

title: Syed Rasel