text:
The Girl Can Rock

Hilary Duff: The Concert – The Girl Can Rock, commonly referred to as The Girl Can Rock, is the first live video album by American recording artist Hilary Duff, released on August 10, 2004, by Hollywood Records. It contains a full concert from Ventura Theatre, Ventura, California and an accompanying music video for her single "Come Clean". Some special features of the DVD include Duff's appearance on Ryan Seacrest's On Air television program and her getting her first surfing lesson. In addition, the DVD contains footage of Duff recording "Crash World" and an interview with Duff discussing her self-titled album. Duff's DVD won the DVDX Award for Best Overall DVD in the Music Program. The DVD was nominated for the home video VSDA Award. The album was also certified four times platinum in Canada by Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA).

title: The Girl Can Rock


text:
DSV Sea Cliff

DSV-4 (formerly known as Sea Cliff) is a 25-ton, crewed deep-ocean research submersible owned by the United States Navy, now known only by its hull number, not by its former name.

DSV-4 is an Alvin-class deep submergence vehicle (DSV), a sister ship to Turtle (DSV-3) and Alvin (DSV-2). The Alvin-class DSVs were designed to replace older DSVs, such as the less-maneuverable Trieste-class bathyscaphes. Sea Cliff was built by Electric Boat in Groton, Connecticut for the U.S. Navy and was completed in December 1968. It spent much of its service life on loan to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

DSV-4 initially had a maximum dive depth of 6500 ft; all Alvin-class personnel pressure hulls were originally designed for 6000 ft, but subsequent testing allowed a higher rating. In 1981, the submersible was refitted with a titanium personnel hull to dive to 20000 ft. With the refit of DSV-4, the bathyscaphe DSV-1 (formerly known as Trieste II) was retired from service.

In 1985 the Sea Cliff made a record dive for this vessel type by diving 20,000 feet off Guatemala's Pacific Coast. The crew of the dive consisted of NAVSEA system certification representative/command pilot, LCDR Rick Williams, mission pilot Lt. Alan Mason, and co-pilot Chief Petty Officer David Atchinson. From late September to early October 1990, over a course of 6 days, DSV-4 recovered the cargo door of United Airlines Flight 811 from the Pacific Ocean.

DSV-4 has a plug hatch 2 ft in diameter, held in place mechanically with hatch dogs and, while submerged, by the pressure of the water above it.

Sea Cliff was retired from active service in 1998 and subsequently given to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). As of 2019, the Naval Vessel Register shows DSV-4 was returned to active U.S. Navy service on September 30, 2002, in the custody of Woods Hole.

Although an article in The New York Times from 1998 indicated that DSV-4 would be cannibalized to upgrade Alvin, this appears to not have taken place since: 1) the US Navy Vessel Registry shows DSV-4 as an active vessel; 2) a photo from 2005 shows DSV-4 to still be intact with its personnel pressure sphere; and 3) WHOI in its official history of Alvin does not discuss using DSV-4 parts during this timeframe. As of September 2023, WHOI does not list DSV-4 as one of their underwater vehicles.

Awards

 * Meritorious Unit Citation with three stars
 * Navy E Ribbon (2 awards)
 * National Defense Service Medal with two stars
 * Global War on Terrorism Service Medal

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: DSV Sea Cliff


text:
NIC Zuidlaren

NIC Zuidlaren is an international horse riding competition in Zuidlaren, the Netherlands.

Overview
NIC Zuidlaren is the abbreviation of Noordelijk Internationaal Concours hippique Zuidlaren (Dutch), which might be translated in English as Northern International Equestrian Contest Zuidlaren. In English (as also in Dutch) NIC Zuidlaren is the common name to be used for the event. Zuidlaren stands for the name of the village where the contest takes place. Zuidlaren is a village in the north of the Netherlands, which is why the contest refers to 'Northern' in its name. The realization of the event is largely under control of event organization BCM. NIC Zuidlaren offers international equestrianism in 3 different disciplines: jumping; dressage and combined driving.

50 years of NIC Zuidlaren
In year 2004 NIC Zuidlaren took place for the fiftieth time in history. It all happened in the Prins Bernhardhoeve exhibition complex in Zuidlaren. The event took 5 days and 36.000 visitors came to see the show. The fiftieth edition was special, because of the jubilee celebration. Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands accompanied the event, there were special shows and Mr. W. Roelfsema quit his NIC Zuidlaren presidency.

title: NIC Zuidlaren


text:
Nazis, Communists, Klansmen, and Others on the Fringe

Nazis, Communists, Klansmen, and Others on the Fringe: Political Extremism in America is a 1992 book by John George and Laird Wilcox. It is an examination of political extremism of both the far left and far right in the United States.

The authors attempt to summarize the pre-1960 historical background of American extremist movements, discuss conspiracy theories and their validity, offer their insight on what motivates extremists, and discuss a number of contemporary groups on the "far left" and "far right" based principally on their personal contacts with approximately six hundred individual extremists and the extremists' own writings.

It was published by Prometheus Books (Buffalo, New York) in 1992 as a 523-page hardcover (ISBN 0-87975-680-2). In 1996, Prometheus Books (Amherst, New York) republished it as American Extremists: Militias, Supremacists, Klansmen, Communists and Others in a 443-page paperback (ISBN 1-57392-058-4).

Overview
The authors give the history of their personal interest in political extremism. Recognizing their fallibility, and inability to claim "anything approaching complete objectivity", the authors attempted to "make an honest and diligent attempt to be fair and even-handed in our treatment of this subject." Distinguishing this book from the many covering "extremism" or "extremists" on the market (with their own agenda "to provide a rationale for persecuting or doing away with certain 'extremists'"), the authors' goal was "to provide understanding of a human problem, not a basis for one more round of persecutions." The authors propose a definition of "extremism" based on "the behavioral model" ("defined in terms of certain behaviors, particularly behavior toward other human beings"), passing up the "normative or "statistical" way" (framing the spectrum on a linear scale, a "bell curve") and the "popularity contest" theory ("social definition agreed upon by collective fiat"). The authors describe their position on the political spectrum as "a bit difficult to pin down"; they "might be most accurately described as pragmatists with libertarian tendencies."

Organization

 * Preface
 * Part I. Background, Characteristics, Motivations, and Other Considerations
 * Chapter 1. It's Not New: Historical Perspective on American Extremism Prior to 1960
 * Chapter 2. What Is Extremism? Style and Tactics Matter More Than Goals
 * Chapter 3. Extremists and the Constitution
 * Chapter 4. Motivations: Why They Join, Stay, Leave
 * Part II. The Far Left
 * Chapter 5. Communist Party USA
 * Chapter 6. Socialist Workers Party
 * Chapter 7. Spartacist League
 * Chapter 8. Workers League
 * Chapter 9. The Guardian
 * Chapter 10. Black Panther Party
 * Chapter 11. Students for a Democratic Society
 * Chapter 12. Progressive Labor Party
 * Chapter 13. Workers World Party
 * Chapter 14. Communist Party USA (Marxist–Leninist)
 * Chapter 15. Revolutionary Action Movement
 * Chapter 16. Revolutionary Communist Party
 * Chapter 17. Communist Workers Party
 * Chapter 18. All-African People's Revolutionary Party
 * Chapter 19. Marxist–Leninist Party, USA
 * Part III. The Far Right'''
 * Chapter 20. Reverend Billy James Hargis and his Christian Crusade
 * Chapter 21. The John Birch Society: A Plot to Sell Books?
 * Chapter 22. The Dan Smoot Report
 * Chapter 23. "Life Line"
 * Chapter 24. The Church League of America
 * Chapter 25. The Christian Right
 * Chapter 26. Willis Carto and Liberty Lobby
 * Chapter 27. The Citizens' Councils of America and The Councilor
 * Chapter 28. Robert Bolivar DePugh and the Minutemen
 * Chapter 29. Common Sense
 * Chapter 30. Gerald L. K. Smith and Christian Nationalist Crusade
 * Chapter 31. The LaRouche Network
 * Chapter 32. Jewish Defense League
 * Chapter 33. The Nation of Islam
 * Chapter 34. Assorted Neo-Nazis
 * National Renaissance Party
 * American Nazi Party
 * National Socialist Party of America
 * Neo-Nazi splinters and sects like
 * America First Committee
 * American White Nationalist Party
 * Euro-American Alliance
 * National Alliance
 * National Democratic Front
 * National Socialist League/World Service
 * National Socialist Liberation Front
 * National Socialist Movement
 * National Socialist Vanguard
 * National Socialist White America Party
 * NSDAP/AO
 * National Socialist White Workers Party
 * the Social Nationalist Aryan Peoples Party
 * SS Action Group,
 * United White Peoples Party
 * major groups of the 1980s like Aryan Nations
 * The Mountain Church of Jesus Christ
 * The Order
 * Posse Comitatus
 * White Aryan Resistance
 * Chapter 35. The National States' Rights Party
 * Chapter 36. National Christian Publishers
 * Chapter 37. Ku Klux Klans

 * Appendix I. Fake Quotes and Fabricated Documents: A Common Extremist Tactic
 * Appendix II. Principal Characteristics of the Extremes and the Mainstream in America: A Handy Guide for Extremist Watchers
 * Index


text:
User talk:Pigsonthewing/Scottfisher

Since he insists on deleting questions put to him on his talk page, such material I've addressed to User:scottfisher is duplicated on this special page, for ease of reference.

Odd edit
Please explain why you added a link to your own, external website, from my talk page, in this edit. Andy Mabbett 13:23, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Doerflingers pic
I dispute your claim to have created Image:GA DOERFLINGERS 126 N Centre Pottsville Pennsylvania.jpg. Andy Mabbett 21:41, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Personal attacks
Cease making Personal attacks. Andy Mabbett 11:57, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Image: Carbidelamp.jpg
(Of Image:Carbidelamp.jpg)

You say on User talk:SCEhardt that ''I loaded it up a few months ago, as a new user July, before realizing the rules of Wikipedia. There are a few lingering ones left I believe.''. If you have uploaded other images (or text) in violation of the copyright owners' rights, please list them so that they may be removed ASAP. Thank you. Andy Mabbett 21:44, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Necho Allen
The article Necho Allen, which you started, appears to be a copyright violation of. If that's not the case, please feel free to say so on Copyright problems/2005 October 11; otherwise, it will probably be deleted. Andy Mabbett 17:50, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Image: NECHO ALLEN HOTEL.jpg
I've listed Image:NECHO ALLEN HOTEL.jpg as a possibly copyright violation., Please feel free ot refute that, if appropraite. Andy Mabbett 22:11, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Thaddeus Stevens College of Technology
I've listed Thaddeus Stevens College of Technology as a possibly copyright violation. Please feel free to refute that, if appropraite. Perhaps you might like to declare any other images or articles which you've taken from elsewhere, without permission? Andy Mabbett 22:43, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Hurricane
(In response to Scott's post about the recent New Orleans hurricane)

"Where are all the countries the USA helps"? I guess they are still looking for free hand-outs. Caio~ Scott 12:32:53, 2005-08-30 (UTC)
 * 'I guess they are still looking for free hand-outs' - Nice sentiment. Andy Mabbett 11:13, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "Where are all the countries the USA helps"?: See: International response to Hurricane Katrina, whcih lists all the "free handouts" (sic) received by the USA. Andy Mabbett 12:06, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Deprecated HTML
Please stop re-inserting Deprecated HTML. THe reasons for not using it have already been explained to you previously, and you said you;d understood. Thank you. Andy Mabbett 15:09, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Shawn Mullins
Please stop re-adding a link from Shawn Mullins to an image page. That's not how we make links on Wikipedia. Thank you. Andy Mabbett 15:22, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Special page update
I've just added two more comments, which you've deleted, unanswered, from this section, to User_talk:Pigsonthewing/Scottfisher, where everyone can see them. Please feel free to respond there. Don't you think it would be sensible to discuss things in a mature fashion, rather then ignoring them? Andy Mabbett 15:46, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Edit summaries
Please don't make "empty" edits in order to use edit summaries for discussion, as you did with this edit. Thank you. Andy Mabbett 08:22, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Talk:Magnetic resonance imaging
When you said about me, on Talk:Magnetic resonance imaging, he never creates any article (sic), did you know it was a bare-faced lie, or were you just demonstrating your ignorance? Andy Mabbett 19:26, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Copyvio's
Heya, I note you've been uploading a number of images to which you do not have the copyright as created-by-you-and-released-into-the-public-domain. Could you please explain why you did this, and tag all the images you uploaded that you do not have the copyright to for deletion immediately? Thank you. --fvw *  02:08, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I have previously asked Scott the same thing; but he simply deletes such comemnts from his talk page. Andy Mabbett 08:53, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Image: The-Marion-Shovel.jpg/ Duncott, Pennsylvania
I have again removed Image:The-Marion-Shovel.jpg from Duncott, Pennsylvania. Please do not re-add it, until you have addressed the question of that image's disputed provenance. Thank you. Andy Mabbett 10:44, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Image: Francis vacuuming md clr.gif
You claim to be the creator of Image:Francis vacuuming md clr.gif, which you uploaded earlier today. Please explain, then, why it is found all over the web. Andy Mabbett 10:49, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Image:NECHO ALLEN HOTEL.jpg
I note that you're still claiming, from that list, to be the creator of Image:NECHO ALLEN HOTEL.jpg which appears to be a copyvio from. Andy Mabbett 12:05, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

Image uplaods
''Do not upload any images until the issues with your current issues have been addressed, or you will be re-blocked. Do not add any links to images in articles, even if not uploaded, or you will be re-blocked.'': See. Andy Mabbett 09:39, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

Personal attacks
Not for the first time: cease making personal attacks:,. Andy Mabbett 11:10, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

Images of uncertain provenance
User:Evilphoenix told you: ''Do not upload any images until the issues with your current issues have been addressed, or you will be re-blocked. Do not add any links to images in articles, even if not uploaded, or you will be re-blocked.'' (my emphasis); yet you continue to revert the removal of "possible-copyvio"-flagged images from articles (e.g. ). You may choose, as is your habit, to delete this comment from your talk page, but you should be aware that that will be seen as both an indication that you have seen the comment, and, if you continue to repeat such behaviour, that you are doing so wilfully and in full knowledge of the potential consequences. It's your call. Andy Mabbett 09:40, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pigsonthewing/Scottfisher


text: User talk:24.127.228.97

title: User talk:24.127.228.97


text:
Median filter

The median filter is a non-linear digital filtering technique, often used to remove noise from an image or signal. Such noise reduction is a typical pre-processing step to improve the results of later processing (for example, edge detection on an image). Median filtering is very widely used in digital image processing because, under certain conditions, it preserves edges while removing noise (but see the discussion below for which kinds of noise), also having applications in signal processing.

Algorithm description
The main idea of the median filter is to run through the signal entry by entry, replacing each entry with the median of the entry and its neighboring entries. The idea is very similar to a moving average filter, which replaces each entry with the arithmetic mean of the entry and its neighbors. The pattern of neighbors is called the "window", which slides, entry by entry, over the entire signal. For one-dimensional signals, the most obvious window is just the first few preceding and following entries, whereas for two-dimensional (or higher-dimensional) data, the window must include all entries within a given radius or ellipsoidal or rectangular region (i.e., the median filter is not a separable filter).

Worked one-dimensional example
To demonstrate, using a window size of three with one entry immediately preceding and following each entry, and zero-padded boundaries, a median filter will be applied to the following simple one-dimensional signal:

 * x = (2, 3, 80, 6, 2, 3).

This signal has mainly small valued entries, except for one entry that is unusually high and considered to be a noise spike, and the aim is to eliminate it. So, the median filtered output signal y will be:

 * y0 = med(0, 2, 3) = 2, (the boundary value is taken to be 0)
 * y1 = med(2, 3, 80) = 3, (already 2, 3, and 80 are in the increasing order so no need to arrange them)
 * y2 = med(3, 80, 6) = med(3, 6, 80) = 6, (3, 80, and 6 are rearranged to find the median)
 * y3 = med(80, 6, 2) = med(2, 6, 80) = 6,
 * y4 = med(6, 2, 3) = med(2, 3, 6) = 3,
 * y5 = med(2, 3, 0) = med(0, 2, 3) = 2,

i.e.,

 * y = (2, 3, 6, 6, 3, 2).

It is clear that the noise spike has been essentially eliminated (and the signal has also been smoothed a bit). The result of a moving average filter with the same window width on the same dataset would be y = (1.7, 28.3, 29.7, 29.3, 3.7, 1.7). It can be seen that the noise spike has infected neighbouring elements in the moving average signal, and that the median filter has performed much better (for this type of impulse noise). Median filtering works well for both positive impulses (spikes) and negative impulses (dropouts), so long as a window can be chosen so that the number of entries infected with impulse noise is (almost) always smaller than half of the window size.

Boundary issues
When implementing a median filter, the boundaries of the signal must be handled with special care, as there are not enough entries to fill an entire window. There are several schemes that have different properties that might be preferred in particular circumstances:

 * When calculating the median of a value near the boundary, missing values are filled by repeating the boundary value to obtain enough entries to fill the window.
 * Avoid processing the boundaries, with or without cropping the signal or image boundary afterwards,
 * Fetching entries from other places in the signal such as values from the far ends (repeating boundary conditions) or reversing the signal (reflected boundary conditions). With 2D images for example, entries from the far horizontal or vertical boundary might be selected, or repeating in reverse order the points at the same boundary
 * Shrinking the window near the boundaries, so that every window is full,
 * Assuming zero-padded boundaries.

Two-dimensional median filter pseudo code
Code for a simple two-dimensional median filter algorithm might look like this:

1. allocate outputPixelValue[image width][image height] 2. allocate window[window width × window height] 3. edgex := (window width / 2) rounded down 4. edgey := (window height / 2) rounded down

for x from edgex to image width - edgex do for y from edgey to image height - edgey do i = 0 for fx from 0 to window width do for fy from 0 to window height do window[i] := inputPixelValue[x + fx - edgex][y + fy - edgey] i := i + 1 sort entries in window[] outputPixelValue[x][y] := window[window width * window height / 2]

This algorithm:
 * Processes one color channel only,
 * Takes the "not processing boundaries" approach (see above discussion about boundary issues).

Algorithm implementation issues
Typically, by far the majority of the computational effort and time is spent on calculating the median of each window. Because the filter must process every entry in the signal, for large signals such as images, the efficiency of this median calculation is a critical factor in determining how fast the algorithm can run. The naïve implementation described above sorts every entry in the window to find the median; however, since only the middle value in a list of numbers is required, selection algorithms can be much more efficient. Furthermore, some types of signals (very often the case for images) use whole number representations: in these cases, histogram medians can be far more efficient because it is simple to update the histogram from window to window, and finding the median of a histogram is not particularly onerous.

Worked two-dimensional example
The median filter operates by considering a local window (also known as a kernel) around each pixel in the image. The steps for applying the median filter are as follows:

 * 1) Window Selection:
 * 2) * Choose a window of a specific size (e.g., 3x3, 5x5) centered around the pixel to be filtered.
 * 3) * For our example, let’s use a 3x3 window.
 * 4) Collect Pixel Values:
 * 5) * Collect the pixel values within the window.
 * 6) * For the center pixel, we have the following values:
 * 7) ** Window: $$\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 8 & 6 \\ 7 & 5 & 9 \end{bmatrix}$$
 * 8) ** Center pixel: 8
 * 9) Sort the Values:
 * 10) * Sort the collected pixel values in ascending order.
 * 11) * For the center pixel, the sorted values are: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
 * 12) Choose the Median Value:
 * 13) * The median value is the middle value in the sorted list.
 * 14) * In our case, the median value is 5.
 * 15) Replace the Center Pixel:
 * 16) * Replace the original center pixel value (8) with the median value (5).
 * 17) Repeat for All Pixels:
 * 18) * Repeat steps 2-5 for all pixels in the image.

Converted Image
After applying the median filter to all pixels, the converted image becomes: $$ \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 3 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 7 & 8 \end{bmatrix}$$ This filtered image effectively removes noisy pixels while preserving important features. Remember that we assumed virtual rows and columns with repeated border pixel values to handle the edge pixels.

Edge preservation properties
Median filtering is one kind of smoothing technique, as is linear Gaussian filtering. All smoothing techniques are effective at removing noise in smooth patches or smooth regions of a signal, but adversely affect edges. Often though, at the same time as reducing the noise in a signal, it is important to preserve the edges. Edges are of critical importance to the visual appearance of images, for example. For small to moderate levels of Gaussian noise, the median filter is demonstrably better than Gaussian blur at removing noise whilst preserving edges for a given, fixed window size. However, its performance is not that much better than Gaussian blur for high levels of noise, whereas, for speckle noise and salt-and-pepper noise (impulsive noise), it is particularly effective. Because of this, median filtering is very widely used in digital image processing.

title: Median filter


text:
GWR 3600 Class

The Great Western Railway (GWR) 3600 Class was a class of 2-4-2T side tank steam locomotive, designed by William Dean and built at Swindon in three lots in 1900-1903:

History
Dean had built an experimental 2-4-2T numbered 11, whose success led to the cancellation of another batch of 2-4-0 "Metro" Tanks and the construction of the 3600s in their place. The new 2-4-2Ts had 5 ft coupled wheels and 17 x cylinders. The second batch were slightly longer than the prototype, resulting in greater tank capacity, and the third lot, delivered under Churchward, were slightly larger again, and had taper boilers. The class gained the nickname "Birdcage" due to their (for the GWR) unusually spacious cabs.

Use
The 3600 class were fitted with steam reversing gear, steam brakes, and two steam-operated water pick-ups for forward and reverse working. This reflects their intended work as fast suburban engines. About half were employed on such duties in the Birmingham area. The rest worked in the London area, though later a few worked Chester-Birkenhead trains, and some were allocated to South Wales sheds. They were essentially passenger train locomotives, and were eventually superseded by Collett's 2-6-2Ts. All were withdrawn and scrapped between 1930 and 1934.

title: GWR 3600 Class


text:
Learning to fly

Learning to fly or learn to fly may refer to:

 * Fledging, a bird, bat or other flighted creature learning how to fly
 * Flight training, in which a person takes lessons to fly an aircraft such as a helicopter or fixed-wing aircraft

Music

 * "Learn to Fly", a 1999 song by Foo Fighters
 * "Learn to Fly" (Surfaces and Elton John song), 2020
 * "Learn to Fly" (A1 song), 2002
 * "Learn to Fly", a 2009 song by Greek stoner rock band Nightstalker off the album Superfreak
 * "Learning to Fly" (Pink Floyd song), a 1987 song by Pink Floyd
 * "Learning to Fly", a 1986 song by Emerson, Lake & Powell from the album Emerson, Lake & Powell
 * "Learning to Fly" (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers song), a 1991 song by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
 * Learning to Fly (Christina Aguilera song), 2023

Other

 * Learning to Fly, the 2001 autobiography of singer Victoria Beckham
 * Learning to Fly (video), Hilary Duff's third video album

title: Learning to fly


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipediology/library

Welcome to the Great Library on Wikipedia, a user resource about Wikipedia and the Wikipedian Community.

 * Essay Collection
 * Wikibio
 * Wikiglossary for wiki-related sources on concepts like "Wikigoverment", "Arbcom precedents", "Red Faction", etc.
 * Association of Members' Advocates (AMA) Mirrors

title: Wikipedia:Wikipediology/library


text:
Talk:WYGIWYS

Untitled
10/11/2005 - Put up initial stub for term 'WYGIWYS'

11/23/2011 - I think you should link this with WYSIWYG, and put there an alternate name as "WYGIWYS". Daydraemer (talk) 14:09, 23 November 2011 (UTC)Daydraemer

title: Talk:WYGIWYS


text:
Port Rhombus (EP)

Port Rhombus EP is a 1996 EP by Squarepusher. It was the first Squarepusher release on Warp Records. There is also a promo version, with identical tracks, but dated 1994. Also compiled in the US version of Big Loada on Nothing Records.

Track listing

 * 1) "Port Rhombus" – 6:49
 * 2) "Problem Child" – 5:43
 * 3) "Significant Others" – 3:28

title: Port Rhombus (EP)


text:
CDW

CDW Corporation, headquartered in Vernon Hills, Illinois, is a provider of technology products and services for business, government and education. The company has a secondary division known as CDW-G, devoted solely to United States governmental entities, such as K-12 schools, universities, non-profit healthcare organizations, State & Local and the Federal government.

History
CDW was originally incorporated in 1984 as "MPK Computing" by its founder Michael Krasny. The idea was born when Krasny took a small ad in a free-circulation newspaper to sell his computer and printer. It later became Computer Discount Warehouse and then simply CDW.

In early 2006, CDW opened a 513000 sqft distribution center in North Las Vegas, Nevada. The Vernon Hills, Illinois distribution center is roughly 450000 sqft. In October 2006 CDW acquired Berbee, a top tier reseller of IBM, Cisco, and Microsoft products and services. It was CDW's second major acquisition after purchasing Micro Warehouse in September 2003.

On 12 October 2007, Chicago based private equity firms Madison Dearborn Partners and Providence Equity Partners completed a $7 billion acquisition of CDW. It went public again through an initial public offering on the NASDAQ market on July 2, 2013, under the name CDW Corporation (the parent company since 2010). CDW LLC and CDW Finance Corporation are wholly owned subsidiaries.

CDW operates in Canada as CDW Canada Incorporated, based in Etobicoke, Ontario. CDW Canada was recognized by the Great Place to Work Institute as one of the best workplaces in Canada in 2011, ranked 25th in the category of large and multinational companies.

On 3 August 2015 the company announced that it had acquired the remaining 65% of Kelway Ltd., a London based multinational business with significant presence in the IT sector. Eight months earlier, CDW had bought a 35 percent stake in Kelway.

As of 2018, CDW ranked 189th on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue.

In 2005, CDW launched BizTech magazine, which it publishes on quarterly basis.

In 2021, CDW announced the acquisition of Sirius Computer Solutions, Inc. The acquisition was completed later that year.

Berbee Information Networks Corporation
Berbee Information Networks Corporation, an American company specializing in IT, was purchased by CDW in 2006. Prior to that it was a privately held company headquartered in Fitchburg, Wisconsin. Berbee was founded in 1993 by James G. Berbee and grew to over 300 million USD in revenue and more than 800 employees. Berbee's IT solutions included network infrastructure, systems and storage, productivity applications, communication and collaboration, application development, and security. Its data centers delivered hosted applications, co-location, and managed services. Berbee had offices in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. In October 2006, Berbee accepted an $175 million all-cash acquisition offer from CDW. It became a division of CDW and is now known as CDW Advanced Technology Services. The Berbee Voice-Over IP software product group, creator of the InformaCast family of IP notification solutions, was spun off to form the new company Singlewire Software in April, 2009.

Non-profit
CDW Non-Profit, a sector founded in 2007, assists in providing affordable technology tools and services to associations, foundations, governmental departments, religious and social service organizations. The Brookings Institution, Salvation Army, PCAOB, Aids Healthcare Foundation, The Metropolitan Museum of Art and American Heart Association are some of their clients.

title: CDW


text:
User talk:Meebly

Sharpdale
Thanks for the photo of the "sharpdale". Because there are so many possible invented crossbreed names, we're trying to collect them under dog hybrids and crossbreeds rather than having separate articles (also since there's not much really that could be said except that it's a mix of 2 other breeds). So we're likely going to change Sharpdale to redirect to the crossbreeds page. If you have any questions, feel free to ask on my talk page or also user Tekana's talk page. Elf | Talk 21:27, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Philadelphia Project
Hi i have noticed that you have edited several articles on subjects related to the Philadelphia area. Several other users and myself have got together to creak a project to help improve, expand, and create articles concerning the Philadelphia/Delaware Valley region. While our project is still new, we are inviting people to join us to help it get started off on the right foot. You can find the project at WikiProject Philadelphia, feel free to add your name and drop off an suggestions that you might have. If you have any questions, drop me a line anytime. Thanks. --Boothy443 | trácht ar 04:10, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Quimby with Hippo.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Quimby with Hippo.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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Image Tagging Image:Hippo.04.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Hippo.04.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sherool (talk) 22:57, 15 April 2006 (UTC) Hey WOOO

Image:Hippo.03.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Hippo.03.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Black Falcon (Talk) 08:17, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello, Meebly, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your messages on discussion pages using four tildes ( ~ ); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question on this page and then place  before the question. Again, welcome! DThomsen8 (talk) 12:19, 17 January 2011 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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 * How to create your first article (using the Article Wizard if you wish)
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title: User talk:Meebly


text:
Mileage

Mileage is a distance measured in miles.

Motor vehicles

 * Distance traveled, typically as measured by an odometer, optionally from a milestone (UK)
 * Fuel economy in automobiles, typically in miles per gallon (mpg) (US)
 * Business mileage reimbursement rate, an optional standard mileage rate used in the United States for purposes of computing the allowable business deduction

Other uses

 * "Mileage" (song), by Jung Yong-hwa and YDG, 2015
 * Loyalty programs frequently list their points as "mileage" or "miles", earning their origins from airlines' frequent-flyer programs
 * Mileage, a song on Die Lit by Playboi Carti.

title: Mileage


text:
Adam Proudlock

Adam David Proudlock (born 9 May 1981) is an English football manager and former professional footballer.

Proudlock played as a striker from 1998 to 2015. He started his career in the Football League with Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1998; he went on to make over 70 league appearances for the club, scoring 13 goals as well as spending time on loan with Clyde, Nottingham Forest, Tranmere Rovers and Sheffield Wednesday. He joined Wednesday permanently in 2003, where he made 50 appearances as well as appearing for Ipswich Town on loan before signing with Stockport County and Darlington. He ended his stay in professional football whilst in a two-year spell with Grimsby Town, in which the club were relegated to the Conference National in 2009–10. Proudlock subsequently had spells at Non-league level for AFC Telford United, Chester and Market Drayton Town. He managed Eccleshall during 2020.

Wolverhampton Wanderers
Born in Wellington, Telford, Shropshire, Proudlock began his career as a trainee with Wolverhampton Wanderers in August 1998. He had a loan spell at Scottish side Clyde at the start of the 2000–01 season to gain first team experience. There, he scored a hat trick on his professional debut on 5 August 2000 against last seasons Scottish 1st Division champions Falkirk in a 3–1 win at Broadwood. He scored five times in six games for Clyde and was named Scottish Division One player of the month for August 2000. He was recalled by Wolves and offered a new contract until 2003. He became a regular starter for Wolves throughout that season, which he ended as their top goalscorer with 11 goals.

Proudlock found himself mostly relegated to the substitutes bench in the 2001–02 season after manager Dave Jones spent heavily in the close season on new attacking players. He scored a hat trick against Bradford City in October 2001, which earned praise from Jones, but these ended up his only goals of the season. A knee injury suffered in December 2001 that required surgery interrupted his season, a four-match suspension followed and having missed a lot of football, he joined Nottingham Forest on a one-month loan in March 2002.

Opportunities were limited at Molineux and Proudlock joined Tranmere on loan in October 2002 and Sheffield Wednesday on loan in December 2002, where he scored twice in five matches. He was recalled by Wolves in January 2003 and made a total of 22 appearances, almost all as substitute, for Wolves in the 2002–03 season as Wolves were promoted to the Premier League after beating Sheffield United in the Division One play-off final in May 2003. In total, he scored 17 goals for Wolves in 84 appearances.

Sheffield Wednesday
Proudlock joined Sheffield Wednesday on a three-year permanent deal in September 2003. He scored nine times during the 2003–04 season for his new club but suffered a broken leg in a training ground accident in November 2004, and did not play again in the 2004–05 season. He returned to the first team in the following season, but he joined Ipswich Town on a three-month loan in October 2005 after a one-week trial period. /Proudlock then had his contract terminated by Sheffield Wednesday in September 2005 owing to a breach of discipline He had made 62 league and cup appearances for Sheffield Wednesday, scoring 17 goals.

Ipswich Town
Proudlock was given a short-term contract by Ipswich in January 2006 until the end of the 2005–06 season. However, he made only two further substitute appearances for Ipswich to add to the seven that he made while on loan. Proudlock was released from the Portman Road club at the end of the 2005–06 campaign.

Stockport County
Proudlock joined Stockport County on non-contract terms in August 2006. He agreed a permanent deal to the end of the 2007–08 season with Stockport in December 2006, and made 26 league and cup appearances for Stockport in the 2006–07 season, scoring six goals. The following season, he scored ten goals as Stockport reached and won the League Two play-off final at Wembley Stadium in May 2008. However, a week later he was released by the club as his contract expired,

Darlington
Following his release by County, Proudlock joined Darlington in July 2008 on a free transfer. However, he failed to score in any of his games for the club, and struggled to hold down a first team place. Proudlock was then made available for loan by his manager Dave Penney.

Grimsby Town
On 6 November 2008 Proudlock joined Grimsby Town on an initial two-month loan with a view to a permanent move. He made his debut in the FA Cup defeat to Morecambe. He managed to score his first goal for the club in a 2–1 away defeat against Port Vale, and after impressing manager Mike Newell in his loan stay, Proudlock was reported to be a target for the club in the January transfer window. Adam made his move to Grimsby a permanent one by signing for the club until the end of the 2010–11 season in January 2009. His strike partnership with fellow newcomer Jean-Louis Akpa Akpro resulted in Adam scoring a hat-trick against local rivals Lincoln City in a 5–1 victory on 7 March 2009. Following the arrival of loan striker Barry Conlon, Proudlock found himself playing second fiddle to him and Akpa-Akpro in the remaining games of the season, but his goals and performances were a great help in helping the club eventually stave off relegation from the Football League. Adam finished the 2008–09 season as the club's top goalscorer, with a total of 8.

Following only 1 league goal for The Mariners during the 09/10 season, on 12 May 2010, Proudlock was one of seven players placed on the transfer list by Grimsby manager Neil Woods after their relegation from the Football League. Proudlock left the club on 22 June 2010.

AFC Telford United
In July 2010 Proudlock began training with Hungarian side Ferencváros before being offered the chance of playing for Non League side Bridgnorth Town as well as receiving an offer from Stafford Rangers but instead Adam chose to join Kidderminster Harriers on trial After failing to impress the Harriers management he joined Andy Sinton's A.F.C. Telford United on trial and played in the club's friendly against Chasetown. He subsequently signed a short-term contract with the Bucks. In his first season, he helped the club to promotion from the Conference North, but soon suffered an injury that sidelined him for the majority of the 2011–12 season. He rejected a fresh contract at Telford in June 2012 as it involved reduced terms and a pay as you play deal.

Non-League
On 14 June 2012 Proudlock joined Conference North side Chester but left the club in September after his contract was cancelled by mutual consent.

After his release from Chester he then joined Market Drayton Town on a game-by game deal in October 2012. In December 2012 Proudlock moved on loan to his home town side Newport Town of the West Midlands Division Two

In July 2013 Proudlock signed for Whitehawk on non-contract terms, making his debut in the club's friendly with Crawley Town. He however left the club in August 2013 having been snubbed a further deal.

In the summer of 2014, Proudlock returned to Newport Town, also signing as a youth team coach.

Coaching career
Proudlock coaches youngsters for both DoubleTouch coaching and with the youth setup at Newport Town. On Tuesday 1 May 2018 Proudlock won his first trophy as a manager, the Shropshire Premier Cup as he led his Newport Town side to a 3–1 win over Haughmond, a team two divisions higher. In June 2020 Proudlock was appointed manager of Eccleshall F.C. He left the club at the end of October.

Controversies
In May 2019, Proudlock's former Grimsby Town teammate Paul Linwood appeared on the 'I Had Trials Once' podcast on Spotify, in the interview he spoke about his time at the club during the 2009–10 season. Linwood went on to explain that the team was full of alcoholics and spoke of instances where the drinking culture at the club got out of hand.

Speaking of Proudlock, Linwood said "You'd finish training, Adam Proudlock on the Whatsapp group would say 'lads, I'm just having a pint at the Laceby Arms', and the whole squad would be in there. 15 pints, easy. It was the only pub we could get away with it. It was in a tiny little village, and we were dead inconspicuous – we used to go in our kits! Even I turned round one day and said 'this has gone too far.' We'd had a Monday session – straight after training, we finished boozing about five that morning, and then we were in for training at nine the next day. Adam Proudlock and Peter Sweeney came to pick us up, and both were just the most unbelievable players who had just tossed it off at this point. Those two came to pick me up after a session, and we were drinking cans of Fosters on the way to training, which is out of order because I f***ing hate Fosters!"

Grimsby Town would go on to finish 23rd in League Two and were relegated from the Football League for the first time in their 122-year history.

As a player
Wolverhampton Wanderers Sheffield Wednesday Stockport County A.F.C. Telford United
 * Football League Division One play-off winner: 2002–03
 * Football League One play-off winner: 2004–05
 * Football League Two play-off winner: 2007–08
 * Conference North play-off winner: 2010–11

As a manager
Newport Town
 * West Midlands League Division One: Runner-up 2017–18
 * Shropshire Premier Cup Winner: 2017–18

title: Adam Proudlock


text:
Intermediate film system

The intermediate film system was a television process in which motion picture film was processed almost immediately after it was exposed in a camera, then scanned by a television scanner, and transmitted over the air. This system was used principally in Britain and Germany where television cameras were not sensitive enough to use reflected light, but could transmit a suitable image when a bright light was shone through motion picture film directly into the camera lens. John Logie Baird began developing the process in 1932, borrowing the idea of Georg Oskar Schubert from his licensees in Germany, where it was demonstrated by Fernseh AG in 1932 and used for broadcasting in 1934. The BBC used Baird's version of the process during the first three months of its then-"high-definition" television service from November 1936 through January 1937, and German television used it during broadcasts of the 1936 Summer Olympics. In both cases, intermediate film cameras alternated with newly introduced direct television cameras.

The exposed film, either 35mm or 17.5mm (35mm split in half, to save expense), travelled in a continuous band from the camera, usually atop a remote broadcast vehicle, into a machine that developed and fixed the image. The film was then run through a flying spot scanner (so called because it moved a focused beam of light back and forth across the image), and electronically converted from a negative to a positive image. Depending on the equipment, the time from camera to scanner could be a minute or less. An optical soundtrack was recorded onto the film, between the perforations and the edge of the film, at the same time the image was taken to keep the sound and image in synchronization.

The intermediate film system, with its expensive film usage and relatively immobile cameras, did have the advantage that it left a filmed record of the programme which could be rerun at a different time, with a better image quality than the later kinescope films, which were shot from a video monitor.

Television tubes developed by Farnsworth and Zworykin in the United States, and by EMI in England, with much higher sensitivity to light, made the intermediate film system obsolete by 1937. Film continued to be used for time-shifting and as a long-term storage until electronic video recorders were invented.

title: Intermediate film system


text:
Alexander Vilenkin

Alexander Vilenkin (Алекса́ндр Виле́нкин; Олександр Віленкін; born 13 May 1949) is the Leonard Jane Holmes Bernstein Professor of Evolutionary Science and Director of the Institute of Cosmology at Tufts University. A theoretical physicist who has been working in the field of cosmology for 25 years, Vilenkin has written over 260 publications.

Biography
As an undergraduate studying physics at the University of Kharkiv, Vilenkin turned down collaborator offer from the KGB, causing him to be blacklisted from pursuing a graduate degree. Then he was drafted into a building brigade and later worked at the state zoo as a night watchman while conducting physics research in his spare time.

In 1976, Vilenkin immigrated to the United States as a Jewish refugee, obtaining his Ph.D. at SUNY Buffalo. His work has been featured in numerous newspaper and magazine articles in the United States, Europe, Soviet Union, and Japan, and in many popular books.

Vilenkin is the father of writer and musician Alina Simone.

Work
In 1982, Paul Steinhardt presented the first model of eternal inflation, Vilenkin showed that eternal inflation is generic. Furthermore, working with Arvind Borde and Alan Guth, he developed the Borde–Guth–Vilenkin theorem, showing that a period of inflation must have a beginning and that a period of time must precede it. This represents a problem for the theory of inflation because, without a theory to explain conditions before inflation, it is not possible to determine how likely it is for inflation to have occurred.

He also further developed Edward P. Tryon's idea of quantum creation of the universe from a quantum vacuum.

He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1989 "for pioneering research in the application of particle physics to cosmology, and in particular for seminal contributions in the areas of cosmic strings and quantum cosmology".

Books

 * Many Worlds in One: The Search for Other Universes A. Vilenkin (Macmillan, July 2006)
 * Cosmic Strings and Other Topological Defects by A. Vilenkin, E. P. S. Shellard (paperback – July 31, 2000)

title: Alexander Vilenkin


text:
Talk:Benitoite

Online Benitoite Data Sources
This is a listing of sources used for this article. Baryonyx 21:29, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * WebMineral
 * MinDat
 * Mineral Galleries
 * Friends of Mineralogy review of benitoite.

National Benitoite Pages
Benitoite is (since 27 Feb 2009) also on German Wiki, slightly different. F.N. Berg (talk) 20:19, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Benitoite


text:
Arizona (disambiguation)

Arizona is a state in the United States of America.

Arizona may also refer to:

Places

 * Arizona, San Luis, Argentina
 * Arizona, Manitoba, Canada, a locality
 * Arizona, Atlántida, Honduras, a municipality
 * Arizona City, Arizona, United States a census-designated place
 * Arizona, Louisiana, United States, an unincorporated community
 * Arizona, Nebraska, United States, an unincorporated community
 * Arizona Township, Burt County, Nebraska, United States
 * 793 Arizona, an asteroid
 * Arizona Market, a market in Brčko District, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Former territorial designations

 * Arizona Department, a department of the Second Mexican Empire, immediately south of the territory, 1863–1867
 * Arizona Territory, a territory of the Confederate States, 1861–1865
 * Arizona Territory, a territory of the United States, 1863–1912

Ships

 * USS Arizona (1858), launched 1859, served in the American Civil War
 * USS Arizona (1869), a steam frigate launched in 1865
 * USS Arizona (BB-39), a battleship sunk in the attack on Pearl Harbor
 * SS Arizona, a British passenger liner and holder of the eastbound Atlantic Record in 1879

Films

 * Arizona (1913 film), silent film starring Robert Broderick
 * Arizona (1918 film), silent film featuring Douglas Fairbanks
 * Arizona (1931 film), starring John Wayne
 * Arizona (1940 film), starring Jean Arthur and William Holden
 * Arizona (2018 film), starring Danny McBride

Theatre

 * Arizona (play), an 1899 play written by Augustus Thomas

Music

 * Arizona (American band) (stylized as A R I Z O N A), American rock and electropop band from New Jersey
 * Arizona (British band), Eurodance musical project from England
 * "Arizona" (song), a 1970 song by Mark Lindsay
 * "Arizona", a 1981 country and western hit by Rex Allen and Rex Allen, Jr. used as the Alternate State Anthem of Arizona; see state songs of Arizona
 * "Arizona", a song from the 1982 album Blackout by Scorpions
 * "Arizona", a track on the 2007 album Because of the Times by Kings of Leon
 * "Arizona", a song from the 2008 album Hold On Tight by Hey Monday
 * "Arizona", a song from the 2009 album The New Way Out by Rustic Overtones
 * "Arizona", a song from the 2009 album Reality Killed the Video Star by Robbie Williams

Other

 * Arizona (snake), a genus of snakes
 * Arizona (Lucky Luke), a Lucky Luke comic
 * Talbot Arizona, a car model based on the Peugeot 309
 * Arizona Brandy, Filipino drag queen
 * Arizona Reid (born 1986), Israeli National League basketball player
 * Arizona Zervas (born 1995), American musician
 * Arizona, one of the main characters of the video game Them's Fightin' Herds.

title: Arizona (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:People's New Party

Untitled
222.147.179.50 21:30, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Only Shizuka Kamei was a member of Shisuikai(Kamei faction).Watanuki and Hasegawa were members of Hashimoto faction.Hisaoki Kamei was a member of Kono faction.
 * Hashimoto faction had strongest links to postal lobby.

title: Talk:People's New Party


text: User talk:198.115.75.113

title: User talk:198.115.75.113


text:
McGill–Queen's University Press

The McGill–Queen's University Press (MQUP) is a Canadian university press formed as a joint venture between McGill University in Montreal, Quebec and Queen's University at Kingston in Kingston, Ontario.

McGill–Queen's University Press publishes original peer-reviewed works in most areas of the social sciences and humanities. As of 2023, it has more than 4,000 books in print. For more than twenty-five years, the publishing house has been under the direction of executive director Philip Cercone, a former director of Canada's Awards to Scholarly Publishing Program, the governmental agency that funds scholarly books published in Canada. Under Cercone's guidance, the list has grown to the point where MQUP is sometimes claimed to be Canada's leading academic publisher. For many years, one of its senior editors was the historian and author Donald Akenson.

The press is currently a member of the Association of University Presses.

Publications
Among the best-known academics to have published with the press are Jacob Neusner, Margaret Somerville, Stéphane Dion, Charles Taylor, Bruce Trigger and Christl Verduyn. It also has a poetry list including such writers as Carmine Starnino, Mark Abley, Peter Dale Scott and Brian Bartlett. In recent years the press has also become known for contentious books on Canadian politics by Tom Flanagan among others. Some of its books are translated from French.

McGill–Queen's has been awarded numerous prizes for the design of its books, as well as for editorial quality.

History
McGill–Queen's University Press began as McGill in 1961 and amalgamated with Queen's in 1969.

title: McGill–Queen's University Press


text:
Napoléon-Charles Bonaparte

Napoléon Louis Charles Bonaparte (10 October 1802 – 5 May 1807) was the eldest son of Louis Bonaparte and Hortense de Beauharnais. His father was Emperor Napoleon I's younger brother; his mother was the daughter of Napoleon's first wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais.

Life
At the time of his birth, his uncle was the First Consul of France and childless. Napoleon Charles was his eldest nephew and was seen as a potential heir, but he died before reaching his fifth birthday on 5 May 1807 of croup.

Napoleon Charles had two brothers: the youngest, Louis Napoleon, eventually became Emperor as Napoleon III in 1852.

The strong attachment that Napoleon showed towards the child, which was not repeated with his two younger brothers, gave rise to speculation that Napoleon-Charles was the son of a forbidden relationship between Napoleon and his stepdaughter Hortense.

title: Napoléon-Charles Bonaparte


text:
Kader Khan

Kader Khan (22 October 1937 – 31 December 2018) was an Indian actor, screenwriter and film producer. As an actor, he appeared in over 300 Bollywood films after his debut in the 1973 film Daag, starring Rajesh Khanna, as a prosecuting attorney. He was a prolific actor and screenwriter in Hindi cinema in the period late 1970s to 90s and wrote dialogues for 200 films. Born in Afghanistan, Khan graduated from Ismail Yusuf College affiliated to Bombay University. Before entering the film industry in the early 1970s, he was a professor of civil engineering in M. H. Saboo Siddik College of Engineering, Mumbai.

Early life and education
Kader Khan was born in Kabul, Afghanistan, on 22 October 1937 into a Sunni Muslim family. His father was Abdul Rahman Khan from Kandahar, Afghanistan while his mother was Iqbal Begum from Pishin in the Baluchistan Province of British India (now in Balochistan, Pakistan). Khan had three brothers, Shams ur Rehman, Fazal Rehman and Habib ur Rehman. He is an ethnic Pashtun of the Kakar tribe. Khan was raised in the Kamathipura neighbourhood of Mumbai after his family moved there from Kabul. He enrolled in a local municipal school and later in the Ismail Yusuf College after which he graduated in Engineering specialising in Civil engineering. Between 1970 and 1975, he taught at M. H. Saboo Siddik College of Engineering in Byculla as a professor of civil engineering.

While performing in a play named Taash Ke Patey, he was noted by comedian Agha who then suggested actor Dilip Kumar to see the play. Dilip Kumar was impressed and signed him up for his next films, Sagina and Bairaag. During an interview with Rediff, Khan recalled this as the incident that started his film career. He used to write plays for theatres and was subsequently offered to write the script of Jawani Diwani, which started his career as a scriptwriter and for which Khan received 1500 rupees.

Actor
Khan acted in over 300 films in Hindi and Urdu and wrote dialogue for over 250 Indian films, from the 1970s up to the turn of the 21st century. At the insistence of Rajesh Khanna, Manmohan Desai paid him the high amount of one lakh twenty-one thousand for writing dialogue for the film Roti (1974), which was produced by Khanna himself.

He was most popularly recognised for working with actors Amitabh Bachchan, Rajesh Khanna, Jeetendra, Feroz Khan, Mithun Chakraborty, Anil Kapoor, Govinda and in films directed by T. Rama Rao, K. Raghavendra Rao, K. Bapaiah, Narayana Rao Dasari, David Dhawan. He has worked side by side with other comedians like Asrani, Shakti Kapoor and Johnny Lever. He has co-starred with Amrish Puri, Prem Chopra, Amjad Khan and Anupam Kher in many films. He has played a large variety of parts in different genres of films like comedy, action, romance, family, social and political.

Khan made his debut with Daag, starring Rajesh Khanna in the main lead role, wherein Khan played the supporting role of an advocate. He subsequently starred as supporting artist with roles in Dil Diwana, Muqaddar Ka Sikandar and Mr. Natwarlal.

He also started getting lengthy roles as a supporting actor after 1984, with films like Masterji, Dharm Adhikari, Nasihat, Dosti Dushmani, Ghar Sansar, Loha, Insaniyat Ke Dushman, Insaf Ki Pukar, Khudgarz, Sherni, Khoon Bhari Maang, Sone Pe Suhaaga and Vardi. From 1988, there were films written with him in main lead, like Karz Chukana Hai, Jaisi Karni Waisi Bharnii, Biwi Ho To Aisi, Ghar Ho To Aisa, Hum Hain Kamaal Ke and Baap Numbri Beta Dus Numbri.

His first attempt at comedy was with Himmatwala and Aaj Ka Daur. He started doing main comedy roles from 1989 onwards, with films like Kishen Kanhaiya, Hum, Ghar Parivar, Bol Radha Bol and continued through the nineties with comedy roles in Aankhen, Taqdeerwala, Main Khiladi Tu Anari, Dulhe Raja, Coolie No. 1, Saajan Chale Sasural, Sooryavansham, Judaai, Aunty No. 1, Bade Miyan Chote Miyan, Raja Babu, Khuddar, Chhote Sarkar, Gharwali Baharwali, Hero Hindustani, Sirf Tum and Anari No. 1. Even in early 2000s, he attempted versatile roles with films like Akhiyon Se Goli Maare, Chalo Ishq Ladaaye, Suno Sasurjee, Yeh Hai Jalwa and Mujhse Shaadi Karogi. His work as a comedian was notable in Himmatwala, Aankhen and Coolie No. 1.

He starred in his comedy television series titled Hasna Mat (literally: Don't laugh), which aired on Star Plus in 2001. He made a comeback on Indian television with a comedy series ''Hi! Padosi... Kaun Hai Doshi?'' on Sahara One.

He later appeared in Lucky: No Time for Love (2006) and Family: Ties of Blood (2006).

Screenwriter
This was Rajesh Khanna who gave him the break as dialogue writer in his film Roti and thereafter he wrote dialogues for films with Rajesh Khanna in the lead like Maha Chor, Chhailla Babu, Dharam Kanta, Fiffty Fiffty, Naya Kadam, Masterji, and Nasihat, all of which were hit films at the box office. Other successful films for which he has written or assisted in dialogues include films starring Jeetendra like Himmatwala, Jaani Dost, Sarfarosh, Justice Chaudhury, Farz Aur Kanoon, Jeeo Aur Jeene Do, Tohfa, Qaidi and Haisiyat.

As a screenwriter, Kader Khan has worked with Manmohan Desai and Prakash Mehra for their films starring Amitabh Bachchan. Besides Amitabh, he was the only one to work in the rival camps of Mehra and Desai. His films with Desai include Dharam Veer, Gangaa Jamunaa Saraswati, Coolie, Desh Premee, Suhaag, Parvarish and Amar Akbar Anthony and films with Prakash Mehra include Jwalamukhi, Sharaabi, Lawaaris and Muqaddar Ka Sikandar.

Some of Amitabh Bachchan's films with popular dialogues and scripts were written by Khan. Some notable examples of these movies are Mr. Natwarlal, Khoon Pasina, Do Aur Do Paanch, Satte Pe Satta, Inquilab, Giraftaar, Hum and Agneepath. For the film Agneepath for Bachchan, had received the National Film Awards.

Khan was in demand by South Indian film production houses such as Padmalaya. Major filmmakers of southern cinema such as Narayana Rao Dasari, K. Bapayya, K. Raghavendra Rao, T. Rama Rao, Dasari Narayan Rao, D. Rama Naidu consulted Khan for doing the script and dialogue of the Hindi remakes of their southern language films. Some of these films included Himmatwala (1983), Justice Chaudhury (1983), Haisiyat (1984) and Singhasan (1986). As reported in The Hindu, "He didn't just translate the original films into Hindi but transposed them into a new North setting, culture, context and language."

He was the preferred dialogue writer for the Hindi films directed by K. Raghavendra Rao, Narayana Dasari Rao, K. Bapaiah and for films produced by D. Rama Naidu and K. C. Bokadia. He also wrote dialogues in other successful films in the late '80s to the late '90s like Meri Aawaz Suno, Angaar, Jail Yatra, Satte Pe Satta, Katilon Ke Kaatil, Waqt Ki Awaz, Coolie No. 1, Main Khiladi Tu Anari, Kanoon Apna Apna, Karma, Sultanat, Baap Numbri Beta Dus Numbri, Humshakal, Saajan Chale Sasural, Hero Hindustani, Aunty No. 1, and Rajaji. He also wrote dialogues for films of Rakesh Roshan like Khoon Bhari Maang, Kala Bazaar and Khudgarz.

Personal life
Khan lived in Mumbai, until moving to Toronto for health reasons. He had three sons: Sarfaraz Khan, Shahnawaz Khan, and Quddus who lived in Canada, who died in 2021. It was reported that Khan took the citizenship of Canada. In 2014, Khan visited Mecca to perform Hajj.

Sarfaraz has also acted in several films.

Death
Khan had supranuclear palsy, a degenerative disease. He was hospitalised on 28 December 2018 complaining of "breathlessness" in Canada, where he stayed with his youngest son and daughter-in-law while seeking treatment. On 31 December 2018 (EST), Khan's eldest son, Sarfaraz, confirmed that Khan had died. His funeral was held at ISNA mosque in Mississauga, and he is buried in Brampton's Meadowvale Cemetery.

Awards and nominations

 * 2013: Sahitya Shiromani Award for his work and contributions to the Hindi Film industry and Cinema.
 * Khan was recognised twice by the AFMI (American Federation of Muslims from India) for his achievements and service to the Muslim community in India.
 * On 26 January 2019 Government of India announced to posthumously award Kader Khan Padma Shri.

title: Kader Khan


text:
User talk:Hrainian

If you blank another article you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. DJ Clayworth 21:34, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Speedrun article
Yes, I agree with you, Mike is the best Zelda speedrunner in the world — but let's convey that knowledge using encyclopedic arguments. You're welcome to edit the Zelda paragraph for that reason, but please don't state biased comments like that. --Michiel Sikma 11:34, 2 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, nevermind... all you seem to be doing is blanking articles and leaving subtle vandalism. --Michiel Sikma 11:37, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

Breathing-A useless obsession held by all humans —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Hrainian (talk • contribs).

Please do not add nonsense to Wikipedia; it is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Docu (talk • contribs).

What? I'm talking to my friend! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Hrainian (talk • contribs).

By the way, that wasn't me... —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Hrainian (talk • contribs).

Fine, I don't really care what you think... I know I didn't do it.

title: User talk:Hrainian


text:
Solidere

Solidere s.a.l. is a Lebanese joint-stock company in charge of planning and redeveloping Beirut Central District following the conclusion, in 1990, of the Lebanese Civil War. By agreement with the government, Solidere has special powers of eminent domain as well as a limited regulatory authority codified in law, making the company a form of public-private partnership.

Solidere was founded on 5 May 1994 under the authority of the Council of Development and Reconstruction and following the vision of then-Prime Minister Rafik Hariri. Solidere was incorporated as a privately owned company listed on the stock exchange. The name stands for Société Libanaise pour le Développement et la Reconstruction du Centre-ville de Beyrouth, French for "The Lebanese Company for the Development and Reconstruction of Beirut Central District".

Solidere's original mandate was to finish its development work and dissolve by 2019, but this date has been extended to 2029.

Projects
Solidere is widely credited as the most important force behind Beirut's reemergence, in recent years, as a bustling urban destination with a chance to earn back its prewar title of "Paris of the Middle East". Solidere's main functions are the supervision of the government-authorized reconstruction plan, financing and developing the infrastructure, new construction and rehabilitation of war-torn structures, urban landscaping and the management of property. Solidere has worked to attract global retailers such as Virgin Megastores to Beirut Central District. Its most significant single project to date has been Beirut Souks, a 100,000 m2 retail center that was scheduled to open by 2008; it opened in 2009. Other projects that are central to the company's cultural strategy for the center are the Beirut Exhibition Center, add Saifi Village - Quartier des Arts, a residential neighbourhood with a high density of design shops and art galleries.

Controversy and Challenges
Solidere was founded after the government chose the framework of the public-private Real Estate Holding Company (REHCO) as the most viable option to reconstruct the central district, which was severely damaged and demolished, and emptied of its pre-war economic and demographic activity. Some research points out that the REHCO solution was the only viable option. The practical nonexistence of a functional government after the war, and the near-impossibility to align all stakeholders, including property owners, into one unified and feasible vision, called for private resources to plan and execute a project of such scale and importance. Hariri's credibility as a business person and the speed and efficiency of submitting plans and investments models all played in favor of the REHCO model. It can be argued that without this large-scale intervention, the centre would have at best re-developed in a chaotic and uncoordinated manner, the way that other areas of the capital are experiencing.

Solidere was given powers of compulsory purchase, compensating in Solidere shares rather than cash, and of a regulatory authority allowing it to manage the city centre area. Critics claim the company used harassment to drive the original residents out for compensation below true market value.

The first axis of controversy relates to the mechanisms and masterplans of the reconstruction. Several opposition groups emerged to challenge the REHCO model and propose alternatives to it. Among those was a group of academics and urban planners who fueled a public debate about the goals and methods of reconstruction, especially the large-scale demolition and redesign, as outlined by an initial plan submitted by Dar Al Handassah. Other critical views saw the plan as disconnecting the centre from the rest of the city's fabric and transforming it into an "island of modernity". The contested plan was consequently changed, with the participation of some of the architects from the opposition groups to take into account some of the key points raised.

A modified plan emerged and was evaluated by the Engineer's Union, but it never approved by the public before being sent to government.

The second axis of controversy relates to the mechanism of property expropriation, deemed forced and enabled by Capital's pressure on the government and Hariri's influence as prime minister and the valuation of property, deemed inappropriately low. By law, the company had six months to secure the necessary cash subscriptions to balance out the land value. Were it not for that conservative valuation of land, the whole project would have collapsed when the government had no alternatives.

Finances
Solidere shares went on sale at the beginning of November 1993. Each share cost $100. Sales were restricted to Arab investors. Sixty-five million shares were on sale. $1.1 billion worth of shares had already been issued to landowners, tenants and leaseholders in compulsory purchases. One property owner involved described the process as “one of the greatest swindles of the century.”

In 1996, following the Israeli seventeen day bombardment of Lebanon, Solidere revised it's $30 billion plan, Horizon 2000. The new plan projected an expenditure of $1 billion a year for five years. In the four years since Rafic Hariri becoming Prime Minister the country's public debt had risen from $2 billion to $8 billion. The Israeli attack was estimated to have caused damage costing $500 million. It also resulted in a loss in investor confidence.

Its shares are listed on the Beirut Stock Exchange, and its Global Depository Receipts trade on the London Stock Exchange. Its share price on the Beirut exchange has risen sharply in recent years, from about US$5 in early 2004 to a high of $39 in September 2008. Between 1995 and 2015, Solidere has approved more than $1B in dividends to its shareholders.

Solidere's 36,000 shareholders are mostly Lebanese, in addition to Arab nationals, banks, and Arab or international funds. There are two categories of shares: A held by previous property owners and B by new investors. Rafik Hariri's share in the company has been a controversial subject in the Lebanese political spectrum. Some rumors say that he owned a majority stake in Solidere before his assassination in 2005, and the Hariri family continues to be a principal shareholder today. However, the Hariri family rejected those rumors, saying that he owned only 6% of the company's shares. Furthermore, Solidere prohibits any shareholder from acquiring more than 10% of the company's capital, either directly or indirectly.

In 2020, according to Jean Hanna, Deputy General Manager at Fidus, when Solidere saw the surge in demand for real estate it stopped selling at discounts of 30 to 40 percent as it used to do in the past when there was a slump in demand. It began to sell at a fair price but afterwards it increased prices by around 30 percent with the continuous rise in demand, he said. Now that it has settled its debt, Solidere is less interested in selling properties that is why it has raised its prices, according to Hanna. The fact that real estate sales on the local market at large were only limited property owners who wanted to settle debt to banks has also contributed to the increase in demand for Solidere's properties, he said.

Solidere is back on the profit path and this trend will continue. Solidere has posted a net profit of $49 million in 2019, according to the company's released audited financial statement. Total revenues jumped from $66.2 million in 2018 to $295.4 million in 2019. Revenues from land sales, which represented 79 percent of total revenues, soared from nearly $1.3 million to $234.5 million. Hanna said that land sales allowed the company to repay its loans which reduced its interest costs and therefore the net profit resulted not only from the increase in sales revenues but also from the decrease in interest expenses. The company has decreased its total liabilities, including bank loans, by 40 percent. Total liabilities dropped to $417.4 million at the end of 2019. Solidere's interest expenses fell by $13.7 million compared with 2018. The company had said that it had succeeded in further lowering its liabilities in 2020 to $225 million at the end of June, thanks to the increase in sales. It settled debts to banks worth $190 million. “Proceeds collected from sales will reach $342 million in the first half of 2020,” it said.

Also, according to Faysal Barbir, Director-Capital Markets at FFA Private Bank, Solidere has been selling properties since the beginning of 2020 at a higher pace which would reflect on its earnings for the current year. This led to a jump in the share price. The price of Solidere ‘A’ share doubled compared with its closing price in October 2019. The trading volume of Solidere ‘A’ soared more than six times to around 900,000 shares in May from less than 150,000 shares in October 2019. The increase in share price was also driven by the fact that a new category of investors have entered the market. These are mainly depositors who wanted to preserve the value of their savings when the currency was collapsing. Solidere shares were the only option available on the stock market, especially following press reports about possible haircuts and restructuring of the banking sector. Buying real estate shares is more convenient for investors who cannot afford to buy real estate properties. Barbir also indicated that Solidere shares could rise further if a new catalyst emerges such as renewed fears regarding the banking sector or if Solidere announces an improvement in its net profit.

At the end of 2020, the rise in sales allowed the company to settle its entire debt to banks totaling more than $200 million. This has also led to a surge in its cash liquidity in banks. Solidere stocks have soared even higher sitting at $24.5 on 18 March 2021. This is a rise of 500% since November 2019.

title: Solidere


text: User talk:66.43.94.252

title: User talk:66.43.94.252


text:
Ross Stores

Ross Stores, Inc., operating under the brand name Ross Dress for Less, is an American chain of discount department stores headquartered in Dublin, California. It is the largest off-price retailer in the U.S.; as of 2023, Ross operates 1,765 stores in 45 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and Guam, covering much of the country, but with no presence in New England, Alaska, and areas of the Midwest. The company also operates DD's Discounts, a discount department store chain with over 300 locations across the United States, most of which are located in Sun Belt states.

History
Ross Department Store was first opened in San Bruno, California, in 1950 by Morris "Morrie" Ross. Morris would work 85 hours a week doing all of the buying and bookkeeping for his department store. In 1958 Ross sold his store to William Isackson to become a residential and commercial real estate developer. Isackson built the company to six stores, located in San Bruno, Pacifica, Novato, Vacaville, Redwood City, and Castro Valley. In 1982 a group of investors, including Mervin Morris, founder of the Mervyn's chain of department stores, purchased the six Ross Department Stores in San Francisco, changed the format to off-price retail units, and within three years rapidly expanded the chain to 107 stores under Stuart Moldaw and Don Rowlett. By the end of 1995 the chain reached an annual sales of $1.4 billion with 292 stores in 18 states. By 2012 Ross reached $9.7 billion for the fiscal year with 1,091 stores in 33 states with an additional 108 for DD's Discounts in 8 states. Ross moved its headquarters from Newark to Pleasanton, California, in the Tri-Valley area, in 2003.

Barbara Rentler took the place of CEO Michael Balmuth on June 1, 2014; she was the 25th female CEO of a Fortune 500 company. Ross moved its headquarters from Pleasanton to neighboring Dublin, California, in 2014.

title: Ross Stores


text:
Macclesfield Park

Macclesfield Park is a 92-acre park located in Yardley, Pennsylvania, in the United States (Lower Makefield Township).

It hosts games, tournaments and practices for Pop Warner football, youth and adult soccer, baseball and softball, and teams belonging to the Pennsbury School District, primarily the soccer and Ultimate teams. Access is by permit only. The park borders the Delaware River and is accessed via River Road (Pennsylvania Route 32).

The front 60 acres of the park was dedicated in 1989. Stephen Beede, a 13-year-old township resident, won a contest to name the park after learning through research that the Makefield name likely derived from Macclesfield in England. The back 30 acres of the park was dedicated in 1997.

title: Macclesfield Park


text:
Peugeot 304

The Peugeot 304 is a small family car manufactured and marketed by the French manufacturer Peugeot from 1969 to 1980.

The 304 was introduced to the public at the Paris Motor Show in September 1969. Production of the saloon/sedan on the Sochaux assembly lines was discontinued during the summer of 1979, while the "Break" (estate / station wagon) was manufactured until the spring of 1980. The 304 fit into the 7CV tax category, one step above its little sister the 204 (6CV) and significantly below the 9CV 404.

The 304 was a success for Peugeot and was noted for its Pininfarina styled exterior; It was marketed until 1980 and was replaced by the Peugeot 305, which was launched in 1977, still based on the Peugeot 204 with which it shared many components. The chassis lasted for approximately 24 years when derivative models (the 204 and 305) are included.

History
Peugeot conceived the 304, noting a gap in the midsize car market in France, Italy and the rest of Western Europe, and used the smaller 204's midsection, to minimize development costs and maximize return. The 304's main competitors on its home market came from Renault and Simca, with Citroën noticeably absent from this sector at the launch. independent suspended front-wheel-drive drivetrain and disc brakes. At introduction, only a single model was available: a four-door sedan (berline) with Super-Luxe equipment.

The 304 was also built in a version meeting federal standards for sale in the United States. The 304 did not sell particularly well in North America, though, and the federal version was only produced between June 1970 and July 1972. Introduced in the latter half of 1970 as a 1971 model year car, the station wagon arrived during calendar year 1971 (production beginning in November 1970). 1,407 were sold during calendar year 1970, 2,153 cars during 1971, with a final 709 cars delivered during 1972 (4,269 sold in total).

The engine
The 304 was launched with an all alloy SOHC four-cylinder 1,288 cc petrol engine (XL3), directly derived from the 1130 cc XK3 engine fitted to the earlier 204. A more powerful S version of the engine, sporting a twin choke/twin barrel carburettor (XL3S), became an option on the coupé and cabriolet in March 1972. The S engines provided a 10 hp-metric output increase to 75 hp-metric and also became available on the 304 saloon in the autumn of 1972.

Various detailed modifications were made to the engine in 1975 which boosted torque and included a marginal displacement increase to 1,290 cc (XL5/XL5S). After the 204 had been discontinued, the 304 Break and Fourgonette also became available with a new 1127 cc petrol engine (XK5, modified in a similar manner to the XL5) to fit this opening at the lower end of the market. The new 6CV 304 Break and Fourgonette were introduced at the 1976 Paris Show.

In order to meet federal emissions standards in the United States, the engine used there was lightly modified. It had a reduced compression ratio of 7.5 to 1 (rather than the usual 8.8 ratio) and a slightly changed carburettor. Claimed power is 70 hp SAE Gross in 1970, the 1972 models used the SAE net rating which is very similar to DIN and have a claimed maximum output of 58 hp. In the Greek market there was a significant tax threshold at 1,200 cc. In order to stay beneath this, the 304 Berline was sold with the 204's 1130 cc XK4 engine since October 1971. In September 1975, this changed over to the lightly changed XK5 engine; production of the special Greek model ended in March 1978.

A 1,357 cc diesel engine became available for the saloon from July 1976, and for the estate and "fourgonette" van two months later. In July 1979, a larger 1,548 cc diesel engine was offered; this was the engine also installed in early versions of the Peugeot 305. Only available for a little over three years, Peugeot still built more than 120,000 diesel 304s.

Running gear
The car was moderately advanced for its time, having fully independent suspension, and a four-speed gearbox located directly below the engine, sharing the same oil as the engine. Although most interior components were interchangeable with the 204, the 304 had a floor-mounted gear change in place of the column-mounted control in the smaller car. The transverse-engine front-wheel-drive configuration conferred enhanced cabin space, although this was no longer such an unusual feature as it had been for the 204 back in 1965. The 304 also incorporated front disc brakes and headlights that could adjust for left/right hand drive.

The body
The 304 was designed to slot between the popular 204 and the recently introduced Peugeot 504. Since the 204 had an exceptionally spacious passenger cabin for its class, the 304 body used the central portion of the 204: engine and running gear components were mostly interchangeable between the two cars. However, the 304 had a restyled front grille and headlights, designed consciously to emulate the 504 which had received a generally positive response from the market place.

More substantial differences occurred at the rear of the saloon, where overhang on the 304 was 13.5 cm (5.5 inches) longer than on the 204: this allowed for a larger boot/trunk. However, estate and two-door versions shared their (shorter) rear ends with corresponding models in the 204 range. Coupé and cabriolet versions replaced their 204 forerunners in March 1970, being the first models to receive the "S" version of the engine two years later in March 1972. The lower powered cabriolet and coupé 304s were withdrawn from the market in July 1972 and August 1973 respectively, leaving only the S models.

Originally only offered as a sedan, the Break (station wagon) model appeared in September 1970 and largely completed the lineup. The three-door fourgonette (panel van) version of the 304 appeared only in September 1977, as a belated replacement for the 204 fourgonette which had disappeared from the production lines the previous year.

The 304 changed little during a model life exceeding ten years. From the outside, the saloon received a simplified rear light cluster design in September 1972, and the Peugeot badge appearing on the front grille now took on a gold coloured solid form in place of the silver/grey coloured outline badge that the car had worn hitherto. The roof line of the saloon was discreetly squared off to give greater headroom for rear passengers: the window frames on the rear doors were modified correspondingly, adding about and inch and a half to their rearmost upper edge and making them unique to the 304, while the car's front doors remained interchangeable with those on the 204. Changes under the metal were limited: the replacement of the dynamo with an alternator in mid-1971 (standard on the Break, Coupé, and Cabriolet from the beginning). Somewhat wider tyres became standard fitment on the sedan and Break in February 1974. The hydraulically operated clutch was replaced with a cable operated mechanism in 1977.

Commercial
Launched in 1969, the Peugeot 304 confronted a more competitive market place than the one that had greeted the 204 in 1965. From the start it found itself in a fight for market share with the Renault 12 also introduced at the 1969 motor show: after the launch in 1970 of the Citroën GS competition intensified further. Nevertheless, the entire segment was boosted by the 1973 oil price shock as motorists traded down from larger cars. The Peugeot was particularly popular with the police and other public services both within France and in the Saarland region of Germany where the German Peugeot importer is based and where locally, for historical reasons, Peugeot traditionally enjoyed a level of market penetration usually reserved, at that time, for domestically branded makes.

The 304 saloon remained in production until 1979, by when a saloon version of the Peugeot 305 had been on sale for two years: the break (estate) 304 continued until Summer 1980, by when an estate version of the 305 had been introduced. By 1980, when the last 304 Breaks came off the lines at Mulhouse, 1,178,423 Peugeot 304s had been produced. Of these, approximately 36 percent were exported, mostly within Europe: during the 1970s Peugeot was one of several European manufacturers successfully learning to treat the entire EEC region as a single market.

The estate version was also exported to North Africa, where many were deployed as taxis and louages. In Egypt, the estate version of the 304 remained one of the most widespread types of vehicle in taxi service as late as 2009, though the government is hoping to persuade taxi drivers to adopt more recently manufactured, more government-imposed emissions compliant vehicles.

Cabriolet
The Peugeot 304 was also offered as a 2-door cabriolet which had only two seats, unlike the four-seater coupé. This version is also the only version of the 304 that exists in any significant numbers in the UK today, as most saloons imported were destroyed by corrosion. Just under 19,000 cabriolets were produced from 1970-1975, of which 836 were produced in right hand drive and imported into the UK. Of these, all but 244 were the "S" versions. The more powerful 304 S was introduced in March 1972 and became the only version of the cabriolet after July the same year.

title: Peugeot 304


text:
H. Dieter Zeh

Heinz-Dieter Zeh (8 May 1932 – 15 April 2018), usually referred to as H. Dieter Zeh, was a professor (later professor emeritus) of the University of Heidelberg and theoretical physicist.

Education and career
Zeh was born in Braunschweig and studied physics at the Technical University of Braunschweig and nuclear physics at the University of Heidelberg under J. Hans D. Jensen. At Heidelberg, he also investigated alpha particle formation in nuclei with Hans-Jörg Mang and Zeh investigated the topic for his PhD thesis under Mang. Between 1964 and 1965, Zeh was a research assistant at California Institute of Technology and in 1965 and between 1967 and 1968 at the University of California, San Diego. He later became a professor in Heidelberg.

Research
Zeh's research revolves around the fundamental problems of quantum mechanics since the 1960s, in particular with Hugh Everett III's many-worlds interpretation. Zeh was one of the developers of the many-minds interpretation of quantum mechanics and the discoverer of decoherence, first described in his seminal 1970 paper.

title: H. Dieter Zeh


text: User talk:70.27.51.108

title: User talk:70.27.51.108


text:
Aegineta

Aegineta was an ancient Greek modeller (or fictor, one who sculpts with clay or other plastic material) mentioned by Pliny the Elder. Some scholars supposed that the word Aeginetae in the passage of Pliny denoted merely the country—Aegina—of some artist, whose real name was not given. The consensus of scholarly opinion is now against this hypothesis, however, and it is generally believed that "Aegineta" was the man's given name.

Aegineta's brother Pasias, a painter of some distinction, was a pupil of Erigonus, who had been color-grinder to the artist Nealkes. Plutarch says that that Nealkes was a friend of Aratus of Sicyon, who was first elected strategos of the Achaean League in 243 BC. This would make it possible that Aegineta and his brother flourished about 220.

title: Aegineta