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Harriet Andersson

Harriet Andersson (born 14 February 1932) is a Swedish actress, best known outside Sweden for being part of director Ingmar Bergman's stock company. She often plays impulsive, working class characters.

Film actress
Harriet Andersson began her acting career as a 15-year-old student at Calle Flygare stage school. She joined director Ingmar Bergman for several stage productions at Malmö stadsteater between 1953 and 1956.

In a 2008 interview with Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle, Andersson debunked a rumor that she was discovered by Bergman while working as an elevator operator: "In an elevator! Ha, that's a new one for me. No. I did operate an elevator, but that was when I was 14½! Ingmar did not discover me. I was discovered in 1949 in theater school. Before Monika, I had many small parts. Most of them were a little like Monika. I looked that way. I looked like a bad girl. But I wasn't a bad girl, really. I was a very nice little girl, until I found out what life was."

Bergman wrote the title role in Summer with Monika (1953), specifically for Andersson. Filmed in Sweden, the motion picture shows the romantic history of two disaffected youths from first meeting to a summer idyll followed by their hasty marriage and subsequent divorce.

Although the romantic relationship with Bergman was brief, they continued to work together. Andersson appeared in several of his best-known films, including Smiles of a Summer Night (1955), Through a Glass Darkly (1961), Cries and Whispers (1972), and Fanny and Alexander (1982).

In Through A Glass Darkly, in which Andersson appeared with Max von Sydow and Gunnar Björnstrand, she portrays a latent schizophrenic. The film title is taken from a verse in First Corinthians (13:12) where Paul of Tarsus says, "For now we see through a glass darkly: But then face to face; Now I know in part; But then I shall know even as I am also known". The plot deals with the actions of four persons during a twenty-four-hour period in an old house a far distance out on the Swedish Archipelago. Some audiences were shocked by Andersson's vivid portrayal of the presence of God as represented in the dark world of a schizophrenic.

Like several other Bergman associates, she has also had a career in English-language films including performances in Sidney Lumet's The Deadly Affair (1966) and later in Lars von Trier's Dogville (2003).

Her autobiography, a set of interviews with Jan Lumholdt, was published in 2006.

Awards
Andersson has won several acting awards, including the Swedish Guldbagge Award, the Norwegian Amanda and best actress awards on the Venice Film Festival (1964) and the 9th Moscow International Film Festival (1975). In 1968, Andersson received the Bodil Award for Best Actress for her role in the Henning Carlsen Danish comedy People Meet and Sweet Music Fills the Heart. Recently, Andersson won the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Stockholm International Film Festival 2010.

Personal life
Harriet Andersson was married to childhood friend Bertil Wejfeldt 1959–1963/4. She has a daughter, Petra Wejfeldt (b. 1960), whom Andersson named after her character in Smiles of a Summer Night. She lived with the Finnish director Jörn Donner for some years in the 1960s, and she appeared in Donner's films, A Sunday in September (1963), To Love (1964), Adventure Starts Here (1965) and Anna (1970).

Selected filmography

 * Playing Truant (1949)
 * Andersson's Kalle (1950)
 * The Motor Cavaliers (1950)
 * Teacher's First Born (1950)
 * Knockout at the Breakfast Club (1950)
 * While the City Sleeps (1950)
 * The Kiss on the Cruise (1950)
 * Two Stories Up (1950)
 * Beef and the Banana (1951)
 * My Name Is Puck (1951)
 * U-Boat 39 (1952)
 * Defiance (1952)
 * Summer with Monika (1953)
 * Sawdust and Tinsel (1953)
 * A Lesson in Love (1954)
 * Dreams (1955)
 * Smiles of a Summer Night (1955)
 * Whoops! (1955)
 * Last Pair Out (1956)
 * Night Child (1956)
 * Synnöve Solbakken (1957)
 * Woman in a Fur Coat (1958)
 * More Than a Match for the Navy (1958)
 * Crime in Paradise (1959)
 * Through a Glass Darkly (1961)
 * Barbara (1961)
 * Siska (1962)
 * A Sunday in September (1963)
 * To Love (1964)
 * Loving Couples (1964)
 * All These Women (1964)
 * Adventure Starts Here (1965)
 * Ormen (1966)
 * The Deadly Affair (1967)
 * People Meet and Sweet Music Fills the Heart (1967)
 * Rooftree (1967)
 * The Girls (1968)
 * Kampf um Rom I (1968)
 * Kampf um Rom II (1969)
 * Anna (1970)
 * Cries and Whispers (1972)
 * The White Wall (1975)
 * Fanny and Alexander (1982)
 * Raskenstam (1983)
 * The Blessed Ones (1986)
 * Himmel og Helvede (1988)
 * Brenda Brave (1989)
 * Dogville (2003)

title: Harriet Andersson


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Government of Rosario

This article is about the government of Rosario, the third most populated city in Argentina, and the largest in the province of Santa Fe. Rosario has about 910,000 inhabitants and is located on the western shore of the Paraná River.

Rosario is ruled by two branches of government: the Executive, represented by a Mayor (Intendente), and the Legislative, consisting of a Deliberative Council (Concejo Municipal). The status of the city and its form of government are dictated by Santa Fe's Provincial Organic Law of Municipalities (Ley Provincial Nº 2756/39 Orgánica de las Municipalidades), according to which Rosario is a first-category municipality (having more than 200,000 inhabitants).

The Mayor is elected by popular direct vote for a four-year term. He manages several Secretariats in charge of different fields: Government; Finance and Economy; Health; Public Works; Public Services and Environment; Planning; Social Promotion; Culture and Education; Production, Employment Promotion and Foreign Trade; General Secretariat; General Direction of Public Housing Service; General Direction of Social Communication; and the Human Rights Secretariat, established in 2005 and the first of its kind at the municipal level in Argentina. The seat of the Executive branch (Municipalidad) is the Palacio de los Leones, located beside the Cathedral, at the historical core of the city.

The Deliberative Council is in charge of local legislation, passing municipal regulations (ordenanzas). It renews half of its 21 members (Concejales) every two years. It gathers near the Municipality, in its seat at the Palacio Vassallo.

Mayors of Rosario
Since the return to democracy in 1983, the Mayors of Rosario were Horacio Usandizaga (1983–1987, reelected, resigned in 1989), Héctor Cavallero (elected to complete Usandizaga's term, 1989–1991, then reelected 1991–1995), Hermes Binner (1995–1999, reelected, 1999–2003), Miguel Lifschitz (2003–2007, then reelected 2007–2011), and the current one, Mónica Fein (elected in December 2011 until December 2015). Usandizaga was a member of the Radical Party (Unión Cívica Radical in Spanish); he had promised to resign if Carlos Menem was elected President in the national 1989 elections, and he kept his promise. Since then, Rosario's mayors have been members of the Socialist Party, though Cavallero turned to work for the Peronist Party after his last term.

Urban organization
The city is divided into six large administrative districts (Center, North, Northwest, West, Southwest, and South), where Municipal District Centers provide services to the neighbours and organize cultural events.

In December 2003, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) bestowed Rosario (chosen among 257 candidate cities) an award for considering it a model of "successful local governance and development experience in Latin America", having achieved a sustained improvement of the citizens' quality of life. Between 25 March and 1 April 2005, following a proposal from the UNDP, Rosario hosted a Fair on Governance (Experiencia Rosario).

Push for autonomy
Local people and institutions are pushing the provincial government for a law, or even a constitutional reform, that grants Rosario the status of Autonomous City, in a manner similar to Buenos Aires. This would allow the city to organize its government independently, to pass laws, to enact its own tax regulations, etc. The idea of municipal autonomy was expounded and elaborated on by Rosario-born politician Lisandro de la Torre in the first years of the 20th century, and incorporated into the Argentine Constitution as part of the 1994 reform.

Rosario as seat of the National Congress
A number of politicians, law experts and prominent locals have also been pursuing the idea of moving the National Congress to Rosario, turning the city into a federal capital along with Buenos Aires, in order to geographically and politically decentralize the national government.

On 22 November 2005, during a regional development forum, the governors of the Center Region (provinces of Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Córdoba), together with Mayor Miguel Lifschitz and the President of the Board of La Capital newspaper, officially presented the project, which was sent to be studied by the Chamber of Deputies.

Justifications for the move include sparing legislators from the "urban neurosis" of Buenos Aires, the status of Rosario as the country's fastest-growing city and a productive pole, and historical reasons (President Justo José de Urquiza intended Rosario to become the federal capital already in the 19th century).

The Municipal Urban Guard
Rosario pioneered the creation of a special force, the Municipal Urban Guard (Guardia Urbana Municipal, GUM) to patrol the city. The GUM agents are not police officers (the police force is under control of the provincial government), so they do not carry weapons and they cannot detain or arrest people, but they can report and record traffic violations, shut down commercial establishments that violate the law, perform first aid procedures, set up roadside blood alcohol content controls, etc. The GUM patrols public areas such as squares, monuments, and the pedestrian streets in the center; its operations overlap and coordinate those of other municipal and provincial agencies, and are intended to have an extra dissuasive effect. The GUM was started on 29 June 2004 with 250 agents, and soon taken up by other cities: in Villa Constitución a project was presented by a private citizen in September; nearby Roldán adopted it in October, Buenos Aires in March 2005 (see Guardia Urbana de Buenos Aires), and Rafaela is currently discussing it. The Police Cadet School of Rosario provided technical courses for aspiring agents residing in many towns and cities of Santa Fe.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Government of Rosario


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East Wales

East Wales (Dwyrain Cymru) is either a ITL 3 statistical region of Wales or generally a region encompassing the easternmost parts of the country.

Usage
The UK Office for National Statistics has as its highest level sub-division, East Wales, covering the whole east side of the country. It is defined as Powys, Flintshire and Wrexham, Monmouthshire and Newport, and Cardiff and Vale of Glamorgan. (The remainder of Wales is termed 'West Wales and the Valleys').

Sport
Welsh Athletics has four regions (East, West, North and South), with leagues for various disciplines having regional and inter-region competitions, particularly at school levels. The East Wales region covers Blaenau Gwent, Caerphilly (eastern half), Monmouthshire, Newport, South Powys and Torfaen.

The East Wales Bridge Association is one of four in Wales, the others being Mid, West and North. The East Wales Association has clubs in the historic counties of Glamorgan, Monmouthshire and Brecknockshire.

Rivers
Rivers in East Wales include:
 * River Usk
 * Ebbw River
 * River Llynfi
 * Sirhowy River

Some Notable People of East Wales

 * St. Tegfedd (Llandegveth)
 * Ian Gough
 * Taulupe Faletau
 * Aneurin Bevan
 * Ellis Shipp

Places of Interest

 * Cwmbran Stadium
 * Cwmbran Centre, The second largest shopping centre in Wales
 * Ysgyryd Fawr
 * Sugar Loaf, Monmouthshire
 * Offa's Dyke
 * Tintern Abbey
 * Pontypool Park
 * Blaenafon World Heritage Site

title: East Wales


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Very Happy Alexander

Very Happy Alexander (Alexandre le Bienheureux, "Blissful Alexander") is a 1968 French comedy film, directed by Yves Robert, starring Philippe Noiret, Marlène Jobert and Françoise Brion. This was comic actor Pierre Richard's third appearance on film, playing a secondary role toward the end of the plot.

The film was released on DVD on 4 May 2004.

Brief summary
Philippe Noiret plays a henpecked childless farmer that lives oppressed by his authoritarian and materialistic wife, being the only worker in his farm. Whenever he attempts to take a small rest, indulge in any distraction, or simply falls asleep out of exhaustion, there she is chasing him to move on. When she and her elderly parents are killed in a car accident, he decides that the time has come to take it easy and enjoy life a little, sets all his livestock free, and then practically disappears. The only clue that he is still alive is his dog, who periodically goes shopping to the nearby town with a basket in its mouth. Concerns about Alexander's fate are the center of the town's gossip. After several attempts, a delegation sent by the citizens finds he has retired—to his bed. This creates no small social upheaval in this working-class small French town where hard work is regarded as a virtue, and hence his attitude is viewed as a scandal and a menace.

Cast

 * Philippe Noiret — Alexandre
 * Françoise Brion — La Grande, Alexandre's wife
 * Marlène Jobert — Agathe
 * Paul Le Person — Sanguin
 * Tsilla Chelton — Madame Bouillot
 * Léonce Corne — Lamendin
 * Pierre Richard — Colibert
 * Jean Saudray — Pinton
 * Marcel Bernier — Malicorne
 * Bernard Charlan — The mayor
 * Madeleine Damien — Madame Boisseau
 * Pierre Maguelon — Verglandier
 * François Vibert — Alexandre's father in law
 * Jean Carmet — La Fringale

title: Very Happy Alexander


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Shailendra Singh (singer)

Shailendra Singh is an Indian playback singer and actor. He sang several Hindi and a few Marathi songs during the late 1970s and early 1980s.

Early life
Shailendra Singh was born on 4 October 1952 in Mumbai, India to a Punjabi family. He studied at Hill Grange High School at Peddar Road, and did his graduation from St. Xavier's College, Mumbai. He then joined the Film and Television Institute of India in Pune to train as an actor. He also learnt classical Hindustani music from a Guru. His first break as a playback singer is Bobby, during his second year at the FTII.

Career
Shailendra Singh had many hit songs to his credit. Raj Kapoor gave Singh a break when he signed him for Bobby. The song "Main Shayar To Nahin" became a big hit. His song "Humne Tumko Dekha" from the film Khel Khel Mein rocked the entire nation. His rendition of "Jaane Do Na" from Saagar along with Asha Bhosle added to the sensuality of the entire song. He tried his hand at acting in films like Agreement (with Rekha) and Do Jasoos, but those films flopped.

In addition to his singing career, he acted in a Bengali film Ajasra Dhanyabaad, opposite Aparna Sen.

In 1994, he was hospitalized for complication due to diabetes. He says that “The talk in the industry was that I had a heart attack and that I had died. I didn’t die. But the rumours killed my career.” He considers himself better in singing than in acting.

Awards

 * 1974 – Nominated for Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – "Mai Shayar Toh Nahi" (Bobby).

title: Shailendra Singh (singer)


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Kingston on Soar

Kingston on Soar is a village and civil parish in the Rushcliffe borough of Nottinghamshire, England.

Setting
Kingston on Soar predominantly lies within the Trent Washlands character area, and partially in the Nottinghamshire Wolds character area.

White's Directory of Nottinghamshire, written in 1853, describes Kingston on Soar as such: "Kingston-Upon-Soar is a small village and parish 10 miles south west by south of Nottingham, betwixt the Wolds and the Leicestershire border."John Throsby, writing during 1790 in his new edition of Robert Thoroton's Antiquities of Nottinghamshire, describes Kingston on Soar such: "This Lordship contains 1100 acres of old inclosed land, divided into 3 farms, exclusive of some patches of home ground, attached to some inferior dwellings: It belongs chiefly to the Duke of Leeds, who is lord of the manor. [...] The village contains about 30 dwellings."

Local geography
The River Soar does not pass through the village, but very close by to the west. At this point the Soar, flowing south to north, forms the border with Leicestershire. The Kingston Brook drains west through the village. Nearby places are Kegworth in Leicestershire, New Kingston in Nottinghamshire and, further downstream, Ratcliffe on Soar.

John Throsby, writing during 1790 in his new edition of Robert Thoroton's Antiquities of Nottinghamshire, describes Kingston on Soar's geography such: "The soil in the upper part of the lordship is clayey; but towards the Soar it is of a light sand, and appears good grazing ground."

Population
The 2011 census records the population of Kingston on Soar as 296, increasing marginally to 301 at the 2021 census.

The parish has three centres of population: the core village, Kingston Hall and New Kingston (which covers West Leake Lane, Kingston Fields and Kingston Court).

The table below displays the historic number of households, families and people living in Kingston on Soar:

Toponymy
The Domesday Book, written in 1086, records the village's place name as 'Chinestan'.

Robert Thoroton writing in his book The Antiquities of Nottinghamshire first published in 1677, later published with additions by John Throsby in 1790, states: "In Doomsday-Book written Cheniston: So called, probably, from some Owner, as most Towns of that Termination, in this County, generally are."The book The Place-Names of Nottinghamshire differs from Robert Thoroton stating that the origin of the name means 'royal stone'. The name derives from the Old English words 'cyne', meaning royal or kingly, and 'stan', meaning stone or rock. In Old English the word 'cyne' could refer to a local chief and does not necessarily refer to a ruler of a larger dominion. The '-on-soar' originates from the village's location near the River Soar.

Listed buildings
Kingston on Soar has a Grade I listed church along with 18 other listed structures in the parish, all Grade II listed.

St Winifred's Church (Grade I)
St Winifred's church dates back to c. 1540, when the chancel was built under the Babington family of Dethick. Before, when Kingston on Soar belonged to the parish of Ratcliffe on Soar, a chapel-of-ease existed dating back to the late 11th or early 12th century. The church was largely rebuilt in 1900 by R Creed. The tomb of the 1st Baron Belper is located in the churchyard.

Simon Jenkins listed St Winifred's in his book, England's Thousand Best Churches.

Kingston Hall (Grade II)
Kingston Hall, which is a large Grade II listed country house, was built 1842-46 for Mr Edward Strutt, who would later become the 1st Lord Belper. The hall was built by the architect Edward Blore who had previously worked on Buckingham Palace. Ronald Strutt, the 4th Lord Belper, sold the hall in 1976. In 1980 the hall was converted into 12 individual dwellings and the surrounding buildings were sold for separate occupation.

The grounds of Kingston Hall contain three Grade II listed structures: a garden pavilion, a stable block and a lodge with an attached gateway.

Kingston Park Pleasure Gardens, which surrounds Kingston Hall, is also Grade II listed.

Other listed buildings
As well as St Winifred's Church (Grade I) and Kingston Hall (Grade II), there are 17 other listed structures in Kingston on Soar, all Grade II listed: 1, 3, 5 and 7, the Green; 9, 11, 15, 17 and 19, the Green; 21, 23, 25 and 27, the Green; Church Farmhouse; K6 Telephone Kiosk; Kegworth Bridge; Kegworth Shallow Lock; Kingston Fields Farmhouse and Workshops; Lodge and Attached Gateway; Lychgate at Entrance to Churchyard of Church of St Winifred; Manor Farmhouse; Pavilion in the Garden of Kingston Hall; Pumphouse; Stable Block at Kingston Hall; Stables at Manor Farm; The Old Schoolhouse and The Post Office.

Kingston Park Pleasure Gardens, which surrounds Kingston Hall, is also Grade II listed.

Agricultural college
The precursor to the Midland Agricultural and Dairy College (which became the University of Nottingham's Sutton Bonington Campus in the neighbouring parish of Sutton Bonington) was the Midland Dairy Institute and was located in the parish of Kingston on Soar. Stilton cheese was made along with other types at the Institute. The University Farm, a 445 ha commercial research farm, partly lies in the parish, including an associated high-technology dairy centre.

Notable people
John Berridge (1717–93) was born into a Kingston on Soar farming family but soon realised he had little talent for the land. He entered Cambridge University and then the ministry of the Church of England. In this he was at first totally inept, but in 1757 experienced a religious conversion while reading the Bible and became a great preacher at Everton in Bedfordshire. His visitors included John Wesley and Selina, Countess of Huntingdon. His sermons were often met with 'strange convulsions' in the congregation, and people falling down as if dead, described in detail in Wesley's journals in 1758-9. Berridge's tomb at Everton is famous for its evangelistic inscription. His funeral was conducted by Charles Simeon.

Parliamentary elections
The Member of Parliament for the parliamentary constituency of Rushcliffe is Ruth Edwards, of the Conservative party, who has held the seat since 2019. She was elected with 28,765 votes. The constituency had previously been represented by Kenneth Clarke, former Chancellor of the Exchequer, from 1970 until 2019.

County council
For Nottinghamshire County Council elections the parish comes within the Leake & Ruddington electoral ward, which has two council seats. The most recent election was in May 2021, when Matt Barney and Reg Adair, both of the Conservative party, won the two available seats.

Borough council
For the election of a councillor to Rushcliffe Borough Council, the parish forms part of the Gotham ward, which elects two councillors. The most recent election was on 4 May 2023, in which Rex Walker and Andy Brown of the Conservatives were elected.

Parish council
The parish council has 7 seats. Council meetings usually take place on the first Tuesday every two months.

Historic
The parish fell within the ancient Rushcliffe wapentake of Nottinghamshire. Before 1894 the parish was part of the Shardlow sanitary district, along with other nearby villages such as Ratcliffe on Soar and Kegworth. Between 1837 and 1930 the parish was also part of the Shardlow poor law union and registration district. From 1927 the parish was part of the Leake Rural District, until its abolition in 1935, when the parish was then transferred to the Basford Rural District. In April 1974 the Basford Rural District was abolished and the non-metropolitan district of Rushcliffe was created, which Kingston on Soar became part of.

Transport
There is no railway station in the village, however East Midlands Parkway opened in January 2009 at nearby Ratcliffe on Soar providing links on the Midland Main Line with journeys to London St Pancras taking approximately 90 minutes.

The Soar Valley Bus routes 1-7 serve the village, including a regular service to East Leake Academy during school term time, a weekly service to Loughborough on Thursday (market day), a weekly service to East Leake on Tuesday and a service every Friday to either Long Eaton Asda or West Bridford Asda. The Nottinghamshire 865 bus also serves the village providing a regular service to Clifton NET Park & Ride between Monday to Saturday.

Other facilities
The Village Hall, built in 1935, is located near the centre of the village on The Green.

Kingston on Soar has one postbox, located on The Green.

title: Kingston on Soar


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ang Mo Kio Avenues 1, 2, 5 and 10

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1, Ang Mo Kio Avenue 2, and Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5 were deleted by User:JIP before this closure; I deleted Ang Mo Kio Avenue 10.  Rob e  rt  22:35, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Ang Mo Kio Avenues 1, 2, 5 and 10
This is a collective AfD for Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1, Ang Mo Kio Avenue 2, Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5 and Ang Mo Kio Avenue 10. Ang Mo Kio Avenue 6 was nominated for deletion a few days ago; its AfD page is here.

All four roads are passing through the housing estate of Ang Mo Kio New Town, which has already a section on transportation where these roads are mentioned and put into context. As they have no cultural or historic significance and there is no point in having separate entries on every single one of them the lot ought to be deleted. Pilatus 12:37, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as with all minor and insignificant roads. Dottore So 16:08, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator CDC   (talk)  20:23, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I don't see what's encylopedic about documenting every road. They are not particularly minor roads, either, many of them containing many muncipal buildings and tens of thousands of population on each - we can probably substantiate all of them soon. How about this: if they are not substantiated in say, a month, we can probably delete this? -- Natalinasmpf 22:42, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * These entries have been around since February this year and have been touched by three or four people (and that includes myself nominating them here). Pilatus 23:01, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all - if there are any reasons for any of these strips of tarmac to be notable, they should be - and are - covered in Ang Mo Kio New Town. Proto t c 10:20, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. *drew 15:55, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - These are not significant enough streets to merit their own pages. Singopo 06:31, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Can I Have It Like That

"Can I Have It Like That" is a song written, produced, and performed by American singer and rapper Pharrell Williams featuring vocals from American singer Gwen Stefani from the former's 2006 debut album In My Mind and it’s the opening track. The song's hook comes from a one-line contribution from Stefani, used as part of a call and response in the chorus. "Can I Have It Like That" was released as the album's lead single October 10, 2005.

The song was commercially unsuccessful in the United States, but fared somewhat better worldwide. A rock remix of the song featured Travis Barker playing the drums and Pharrell playing the guitar. It was later put as one of the songs in NBA 2K15.

Background and composition
P. Diddy was originally designated to use the track that Williams created. Several other artists were also interested in using it, but Williams changed his mind and decided to use the song himself. In mid-2005, he worked with Stefani in Miami, Florida on her second solo album The Sweet Escape (2006). While she was in the booth recording "Breakin' Up", he told her that he had a song he thought would be his first single. Stefani asked to hear it, and he said that he wanted to record her for the track after the two finished working on "Breakin' Up". Stefani, however, insisted that they work on "Can I Have It Like That" then, and Williams recorded her performing the song's hook. She contributed one line, which she performed twice, to the song.

Williams' rap is in a throaty baritone, described as a "honey-coated version" of the styles of Snoop Dogg and Dr. Dre. He raps about his current lifestyle as well as his life and achievements. The rap is set over a rhythm section consisting of an irregular beat and a grinding bass. The track reflects Williams' minimalist style, and it is inflected with jazz music, including a trumpet part during the bridge.

Critical reception
Josh Tyrangiel of Entertainment Weekly called the song an "odd opener" to In My Mind and remarked that Williams "never commits to putting his hips into it", leaving the track without any climax. The Observer 's Luke Bainbridge, however, referred to the song as "a grinding instant smash". For IGN, Spence Abbott described Williams' rapping as "a little sticky, but…ruggedly appealing in a manner of speaking", and commented that "it's the shuffling and infectious beat…that will have you swerving and slinking like a cobra with epilepsy." In his review for Slant Magazine, Preston Jones characterized the song as "curiously inert", adding that it sounded better as a sample on Girl Talk's 2006 mashup album Night Ripper. About.com's Ivan Rott commented that the song's funk-influenced sound "definitely knocks", but was disappointed in Stefani's contribution, finding its repetition tedious. Evan McGarvey of Stylus Magazine also found it repetitive, and described "Can I Have It Like That" as "a brief distillation of everything calamitous about [Williams'] and Chad Hugo's production style". The Guardian stated that Stefani's part was the only catchy hook on In My Mind, but added that it "seems to be built around a one-line cast-off found on the Love. Angel. Music. Baby. factory floor." Finding "Can I Have It Like That" a "slow burner" that offered a "promising hint at what else is to come" on In My Mind, Claire Simpson stated in her musicOMH review that Stefani's contribution was "purely cosmetic and clearly a transparent means of getting her name on the single to not only boost her own credentials but to help draw Pharrell to the attention of her increasingly mainstream following."

Chart performance
"Can I Have It Like That" was commercially unsuccessful in the United States. It debuted at number 97 on the Billboard Hot 100 and peaked at number 49 three weeks later. It exited the chart after eight weeks. It was somewhat more successful in urban contemporary and rhythmic contemporary markets, reaching number 20 on the Hot Rap Tracks, number 31 on the Rhythmic Top 40, and number 32 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. It had some crossover success in mainstream music and reached number 51 on the Billboard Pop 100.

The single was more successful in Europe, where it reached number 11 on the Billboard European Hot 100 Singles chart. In the United Kingdom, "Can I Have It Like That" debuted and peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart, behind Arctic Monkeys' "I Bet You Look Good on the Dancefloor" and Westlife's cover of You Raise Me Up. It left the chart after 11 weeks. The single remained Williams' highest-charting release in Britain until 2013 when he topped the charts three times with Robin Thicke's "Blurred Lines", Daft Punk's "Get Lucky", and as the solo artist in "Happy". The song was less successful throughout the rest of Europe and reached the top 20 in Finland, Ireland, and Norway; the top 40 in Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland; and the top 80 in Austria and France.

"Can I Have It Like That" was somewhat successful elsewhere. It debuted at number 21 on the ARIA Singles Chart and after gradually descending the chart, reached a second peak at number 31 seven weeks later. It remained on the chart for a total of 12 weeks. After debuting at number 20, the song peaked at number 18 on the New Zealand Singles Chart.

Music video

The song's music video was directed by Paul Hunter. It depicts Williams being watched by a secret organization. Aware that he is being watched, he talks to a woman, revealed to be Stefani, on the phone. He makes appearances at an exclusive boat party and at another party in his penthouse. There are intercut sequences of people including Williams and Stefani dancing in front of a large equalizer, Williams standing in front of explosions, and people skateboarding. And the video also shows Pharrell's Enzo Ferrari.

The music video was filmed in late September 2005. The cinematography is designed so that the music video becomes the secret organization's surveillance of Williams. It uses shifting camera angles to create tension. The scenes in front of the equalizer were filmed in front of a greenscreen, and the explosion sequences were shot live on the streets of Los Angeles, California. In the penthouse scene, he is accompanied by two naked women with leopard-pattern body paint and a baby cougar. Hunter came up with the idea of showing body-painted women, and Williams suggested sitting with the cougar because he "wanted to exude power."

The video had little success on video chart programs. To date, it is Williams' only video as a main artist to debut on MTV's Total Request Live. It was on the program's countdown for three days, reaching number nine. The video was unable to make MuchMusic's Countdown.

Track listings
12-inch vinyl single
 * 1) "Can I Have It Like That" (clean) – 3:57
 * 2) "Can I Have It Like That" (dirty) – 3:57
 * 3) "Can I Have It Like That" (instrumental) – 3:57
 * 4) "Can I Have It Like That" (acappella) – 3:49

American 7-inch vinyl single
 * 1) "Can I Have It Like That" (clean) – 3:57
 * 2) "Can I Have It Like That" (dirty) – 3:57

British CD single
 * 1) "Can I Have It Like That" – 3:59
 * 2) "Can I Have It Like That" (the Travis Barker remix) – 4:10

title: Can I Have It Like That


text:
Puysegur Point

Puysegur Point is a headland located in the far southwest of the South Island of New Zealand. It lies within Fiordland National Park on the southern head of Preservation Inlet and is 145 km west-northwest of Invercargill. The name 'Puysegur' was bestowed by Lieutenant Jules Dumont d'Urville or Midshipman Jules de Blosseville during a South Pacific expedition of La Coquille; probably in honour of the French naval officer Antoine-Hyacinthe-Anne de Chastenet de Puységur (1752–1809).

Geography

Puysegur Point has been said to be the windiest place in New Zealand, with gales recorded on an average of 48 days a year. A large earthquake in this region on 15 July 2009 pushed Puysegur Point closer to Australia by 30 cm.

Biodiversity
Humpback whales pass the point during annual migrations.

Lighthouse
A lighthouse on the point was first illuminated on 1 March 1879. The original wooden lighthouse was destroyed in an arson attack in 1942. The lighthouse was operated by permanent lighthouse keepers from its establishment in 1879 until it was temporarily shutdown in 1980, with a further period of staffed operation from 1987 until it was fully automated and destaffed in 1989.

The landing
The main access to Puysegur Point and the lighthouse is via a track from a beach landing point at Otago Retreat - a narrow waterway between the mainland and Coal Island in Preservation Inlet to the north west of the point. The name Otago Retreat originates from the passage of the schooner Otago that found shelter in this narrow passage during a voyage accompanying the survey ship HMS Acheron on a survey of the South Island around 1850-51. There are buildings remaining at the landing that formerly served the lighthouse. One of the buildings is a Department of Conservation shelter, known as the Landing Shed.

title: Puysegur Point


text:
De Virga world map

The De Virga world map was made by Albertinus de Virga between 1411 and 1415. The map contains a mention in small letters:
 * ''"A. 141.. Albertin diuirga me fecit in vinexia"
 * "Made by Albertinius de Virga in Venice in 141.."

(the last digit of the date is erased by a fold in the map) Albertinus de Virga, a Venetian, is also known for a 1409 map of the Mediterranean, also made in Venice.

The map disappeared, together with its owners, a Jewish family from Heidelberg, at the end of the 1930s.

Structure
The map is circular with a diameter of 410 mm. It is drawn on a piece of parchment 696×440 mm which also includes a calendar and two tables. One table was for calculating lunar changes, the other the date of Easter.

The map is oriented to the North, with a wind rose centered in Central Asia, possibly the observatory of Ulugh Beg in the Mongol city of Samarkand in Uzbekistan, or the western shore of the Caspian Sea. The wind rose divides the map into eight sectors.

The map is colored: the seas are left white, although the Red Sea is colored in red. Continental land is colored in yellow, and several colors are used for islands. The mountains are in brown, the lakes are in blue, and rivers are in brown.

The extension shows a calendar with depictions of the signs of the zodiac and a table to calculate lunar positions.

The map is generally consistent with the Fra Mauro map (1457), also drawn before the rounding of the Cape of Good Hope, which is currently on display in Venice.

Regions
The ocean surrounding the continental mass bears the mention "Mari Oziano Magno".

Jerusalem is indicated (Jordan and Gorlan), although not at the exact center of the map. The three continents are rather clearly represented, and labeled "Europa", "Africa" and "Axia". The Indian Ocean contains many colored islands, in a style reminiscent of Arab maps.

Atlantic Ocean
The Canaries and the Azores are depicted, showing an influence by Genoese and Catalan nautical maps.

Africa
Africa contains depictions of the Atlas Mountains and the Nile river, with mention of the territory of Prester John ("Pre. Joanes") in Ethiopia.

The Garden of Eden is depicted at the southernmost tip of Africa with the symbol of two concentric rings, from which emerge the four rivers mentioned in Genesis.

Asia
The locations described in Asia are consistent with Mongolian rule: Medru, Calcar, Monza sede di sedre ("the Mangi of northern China"), and Bogar Tartarorum ("the Great Bulgarian" or "Golden Horde"). On the emplacement of Karakorum, fortifications are depicted, with the mention "M[on]gol". The names shown for Chinese rivers and cities are those used by Marco Polo.

The shores of the Indian Ocean contain show the kingdoms of Mimdar and Madar (Malabar?) and probably Sri Lanka with the mention "Ysola d alegro suczimcas magna". A large island in the Indian Ocean labelled "Caparu sive Java magna" possibly combines Marco Polo's descriptions of Java and Japan.

Europe
In northern Europe, various places are mentioned, such as "Ogama, Goga" Gog and Magog, "Rotenia" Russia, Naia, Samolica, and a peninsula or promontory showing the southern end of "Norveca" Norway. Iceland/Thule is not named or shown on the map.

History of the map
The map was re-discovered in a second-hand bookshop in 1911 in Šibenik, Croatia by Albert Figdor, an art collector. Albert Figdor died 1927 in Vienna. The map was analyzed by Doctor Professor Franz von Wieser, of the University of Vienna. Authenticated photographs were taken, which are today in the British Library.

In literature, there are hints that the map was retracted from the auction (piece no. 56, 14/15.June 1932) by the auction-house Gilhofer and Ranschburg (Alpenstrasse nr.6) in Lucerne. The story is not clear. The map later disappeared with its owners; a Jewish family from Heidelberg.

title: De Virga world map


text:
Talk:British Rail Class 43 (HST)

Why is this a separate article from "Intercity 125"?
It’s the same train PixelatedVolume (talk) 02:30, 9 May 2022 (UTC)

I now see one is about the power cars and one is about the train. Still feels like an unnecessary duplication to me. PixelatedVolume (talk) 02:37, 9 May 2022 (UTC)

 * I would agree they should be merged - as you say, unnecessary duplication. Mattdaviesfsic (talk) 04:59, 9 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Fully agree. Be bold. Merge them. 10mmsocket (talk) 07:55, 9 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I would disagree - Intercity 125 is about the development and service of the train and concept, and how it changed British Rail intercity services. British Rail Class 43 (HST) is specifically about the class of locomotive which powers the IC125, which is worthy of a separate article. As an example, see British Rail Class 91 and Intercity 225. Danners430 (talk) 10:01, 9 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Great point. I wonder therefore if the confusion comes about because some articles link to Class 43 when they should be linking to Intercity 125 and vice versa. I'll do some digging. 10mmsocket (talk) 12:09, 9 May 2022 (UTC)
 * We actually have three articles that overlap significantly, and there have been sseveral merger proposals in the past. Have a look at Talk:British Rail Class 43 (HST)/Archive 1, Talk:British Rail Classes 253, 254 and 255 and Talk:InterCity 125. -- Red rose64 🌹 (talk) 22:54, 9 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I think all three should be merged, same with the 91 and 225 articles. If they don't get merged, the information in both should be revised so that the 125 article is specifically about the intercity service and train formations, and the 43 article should be revised so that it is only about the class 43 power cars. The class 253, 254 and 255 page could be merged with the intercity 125 page, as much of the information about passenger cars is fairly similar.  Butler2679 (talk) 08:17, 9 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I think they should not be merged since the Intercity 125 is more of branding, where as the Class 253, 254 & 255 is more history and formations. And If the Island Line gets three different articles for then the HST should keep its Intercity 125 and Class 253, 254 & 255 articles separate and also Intercity 125 does not really refer to the Castle sets or Inter7cites which the Class 253, 254 & 255s refer to.--I Like The british Rail Class 483 (talk) 21:39, 17 March 2023 (UTC)

NOT a merge proposal...
So, this article clearly overlaps with InterCity 125 and British Rail Classes 253, 254 and 255. This is not a merge proposal but - in a way - a more general discussion about the purposes and focuses of these three articles. This article (which is probably the most watched/searched for/read out of the three - I'm not too bothered about the stats in all fairness!) and the third deal with TOPS classifications, while the second deals with the IC125 more broadly (from what I can gather). All three list various accidents/incidents, some of which cross over.

I just want to get some ideas for how we can sort this out, whether it needs sorting out, or if indeed there is some consensus for a significant merge of the three (or of any given combination).

As I say this isn't a merge proposal, but as says above, there have been sseveral [sic] merger proposals in the past..

Please do reply with any general comments/questions you have about the three articles to gauge ideas if anything needs to be done. Mattdaviesfsic (talk) 11:04, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Can I just check that the three articles you're talking about are InterCity 125, British Rail Class 43 (HST) and British Rail Classes 253, 254 and 255? 10mmsocket (talk) 11:57, 2 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, that's correct. I'll edit my wording. Mattdaviesfsic (talk) 11:59, 2 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Three is too many. I think it would be reasonable to merge British Rail Classes 253, 254 and 255 into InterCity 125 then create redirects for each individual class. 10mmsocket (talk) 12:02, 2 January 2023 (UTC)
 * The IC125 article should (to my mind) be about the concept and the history of a rake of Mk3s sandwiched between two power cars (the 43s), especially as an alternative to the kind of route modernisation that was out of the question in the 70s. There's no shortage of material on that. In fact, quite possibly enough for a spin-off "history of" or "background to" article. Then we have separate articles on the locomotives and carriages which cover the mechanical engineering and what history they have independent of the HST concept. This, in my opinion, is where write-offs/scrappings/stock movements should be documented. There's necessarily some overlap but the 43/Mk3 articles should just contain a brief summary of the HST as it relates to their specification and direct readers to the main article if they want to know more. I've never been entirely sure what the purpose of the separate article on British Rail Classes 253, 254 and 255 is; HSTs were briefly treated as fixed formations (like multiple units) early in their lives but that can easily be documented in the main article on the HST. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 12:07, 2 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, this is how I'd view it. XAM2175  (T) 20:11, 2 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I agree that this seems like the most logical proposal, although the previous designation as multiple units probably also warrants a 1-2 sentence mention at the Class 43 article. Thryduulf (talk) 10:05, 3 January 2023 (UTC)
 * We can even have a "nomenclature" section in the IC125 article that explains all the different names and directs readers elsewhere as appropriate. HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts? 19:21, 3 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I agree entirely with HJ Mitchell. Regarding 253/254/255, my 1977 Ian Allen does list the HSTs under those class numbers, and in the DMU section. My 1988 platform 5 book says this: These trains run in formations of 7 (class 253) or 8 (class 254) trailer cars with a driving motor brake (power car) at each end. They are marketed by BR as 'Inter-City 125'. That work does not list the 253XXX formations. My 1996 edition says this about the Class 43: Formerly numbered as coaching stock but now classified as locomotives. The Class 253/254 concept lasted longer than I'd realized, but it's a historical concept and I don't see a need for a separate article. Trailers are covered under British Rail Mark 3? Mackensen (talk) 12:42, 6 January 2023 (UTC)
 * The problem with classes 253/254/255 is that their meanings are unclear. When first ordered, the trains for the Western Region had seven passenger cars and were given unit numbers 253001 upwards, and those for the Eastern and Scottish Regions had eight passenger cars and were 254001 upwards. As ordered, the formations were basically the same - the only difference was that class 254 had four TS instead of three. So far, so good.
 * This rapidly changed when the Western Region decided that two refreshment cars per train (one TRUK and one TRSB) was one too many and what with various reformations connected with this, the provision of TGS cars, the introduction of the North East-South West trains (only one TF but an extra TS), ECML trains that were seven or nine cars instead of eight, Western Region trains that were eight cars instead of seven, the allocation of some units to the Midland Main Line, etc. etc., the situation became confused.
 * Unit numbers were initially applied to the lower front of all power cars except the seven designated as "spare" cars, so two power cars bore the same unit numbers. This was fine so long as two bearing the same numbers were at each end of the same train, but power car failures resulted in the substitution for one of the spares. After repair, the Western Region depots returned the repaired power car to its original train, whilst the East Coast depots did not; worse, they did not alter the unit numbers on the power cars that were no longer in their intended formations. There was a photo in one of the railway magazines in about 1980 or 1981 showing two HSTs side by side at Kings Cross, both bearing the same unit number. Eventually, the situation was appreciated and the unit numbers removed from all power cars, and since all 197 power cars were interchangeable, the concept of 253 and 254 as two separate classes became completely meaningless. -- Red rose64 🌹 (talk) 14:33, 7 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I suppose the question this provokes is; will sufficiently-detailed (but still encyclopaedic) coverage all that chopping and changing be too much for a section in the IC225 article? XAM2175  (T) 14:46, 7 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Seven days after the last post, this discussion has gone cold. Having gained some support to merge British Rail Classes 253, 254 and 255 into InterCity 125, a merge discussion has been initiated. Nukerstt (talk) 04:11, 16 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Since it would make the other articles far to long, if they were merged.--I Like The british Rail Class 483 (talk) 18:01, 25 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:British Rail Class 43 (HST)


text:
User:Compoundeye

I live in Melbourne Australia.

de:Benutzer: Compoundeyefr:Utilisatuer: Compoundeye

title: User:Compoundeye


text:
Baseball (band)

Baseball are an Australian indie punk band formed by mainstay front man, Cameron Potts, on lead vocals and violin, in 1995. Their influences range from Eastern European and Middle-Eastern Gypsy music and Sufi poetry to bands like The Ex, the Pixies and Led Zeppelin. They disbanded in 2010 and reformed late in 2016.

History
Baseball started as a solo project for front man, Cameron Potts (Ninetynine, Sandro) throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s, recording tracks influenced by his travels through the middle east using piano, drums and often whispered vocals. Cameron began working closely with Monika Fikerle on drums and piano accordion and Steve Begovich on bass, touring Europe together in 2002. Returning to Melbourne in Cameron and Monika were joined by Japanese bassist and drummer Yoshi-Nobu Araki to record the Gods and Stars, Priests And Kings album.

Baseball evolved to the current line-up in 2005, consisting of bass player Monika Fikerle (Love of Diagrams, Sea Scouts), drummer/vocalist Evelyn Morris (Pikelet, True Radical Miracle) and guitarist Ben Butcher (The Assassination Collective).

In 2005, Baseball released a five-song EP of demo tunes titled "Taiwan – Japan Tour EP" for their tour of Japan and Taiwan where they played the Hohaiyan Rock Festival with Black Rebel Motorcycle Club, Vincent Gallo and more, and where Cameron Potts smashed his violin at the end of the set.

After touring Europe and Far East Asia in 2005, Baseball toured Russia, the US, the UK, Scandinavia and continental Europe in June 2006. They again toured Europe and the UK in June/July 2007.

In 2006, a live show was filmed on 3 cameras at Bar Open, Melbourne, featuring Baseball, The Thaw (Sydney), ni-hao! (Japan) and Sabot (Czech Republic). The show was later released on DVD by Tenzenmen (009TZM), entitled "Live at Bar Open". In 2006, Baseball played support to the likes of Sleater-Kinney, Saul Williams, Les Savy Fav, Amateur Party, Birushanah (Jap) and Ryokuchi (Jap).

The band took a break from 2010 before returning to playing and writing new songs in September 2016.

Members

 * Cameron Potts, leads vocals, violin (also a member of Ninetynine, Sandro, High Tea)
 * Monika Fikerle, vocals, bass, drums (also a member of Love of Diagrams and Sea Scouts)
 * Evelyn Morris, vocals, bass, drums (also a member of True Radical Miracle, Pikelet)
 * Ben Butcher, vocals, guitar (also a member of The Assassination Collective, Paul Kidney Experience, High Tea, Star/Time)

Past members

 * Yoshi-Nobu Araki, bass and guitar 2003 (playing on Gods and Stars, Priests and Kings)
 * Steve Begovich, bass 2002-2003

Albums

 * The Sea Is Blue and Green (Songs of Travel Loss and Hope) (Warm Cola Recordings, 1999)
 * Gods and Stars, Priests and Kings (Thirsty Arab, 2003)
 * Animal Kingdom (Stomp STMPCD014, 2008)

Extended plays

 * Taiwan-Japan Tour (2005)

Singles

 * "Run, Run, Run" / "The Synagogue of Wooden Nerves" (Split 7" single with Ricaine, 1995)

title: Baseball (band)


text:
Munroe Island

Munroe Island (Malayalam : മണ്‍റോത്തുരുത്ത്) or Mundrothuruthu is an inland island group located at the confluence of Ashtamudi Lake and the Kallada River, in Kollam district, Kerala, South India. It is a group of eight small islets comprising a total area of about 13.4 km2. The island, accessible by road, rail and inland water navigation, is about 25 km from Kollam by road, 38 km north from Paravur, 12 km west from Kundara and about 25 km from Karunagapally. , the administrative village of Mundrothuruth (which includes nearby small villages as well) has a total population of 9599, consisting of 4636 males and 4963 females. This island is also known as "Sinking Island of Kerala"

The place is named in honour of Resident Colonel John Munro of the former Princely State of Travancore. The islands measure 13.4 km2 in area.

History
In 1795 the British established their supremacy in South India and the princely state of Travancore came under their governance. From 1800 onwards, a Resident was appointed by East India Company as administrative head of Travancore. The first Resident was Colonel Colin Macaulay, followed by Colonel John Munro. During his tenure Munro oversaw the land reclamation efforts in the delta where Kallada River joins Ashtamudi Lake and the reclaimed island was named after him as Munroe Island. The Dutch Church here in Munroe Island is one of the ancient churches in Kerala. It was built by the Dutch in 1878. The red brick church is a blend of Dutch-Kerala architecture on the scenic banks of Lake Ashtamudi.

The villagers depended on coconut coir manufacturing as livelihood, however, post Indian Ocean tsunami, things have changed.

Tourism
The island village is a tourism destination where one can see the coir retting process, coir weaving, fishing, prawns feeding, migratory bird watch, narrow canals and waterways, coconut farms on the lake shore, lagoons, mangrove plants and the beautiful tiny islands of Pathupara.

Kallada Boat Race, which is one of the famous boat races in Kerala, is at Karuvathrakadavu- Muthiraparambu nettayam in Munroe Island.

Threat of submergence
Low-lying areas of the Island are reportedly under a threat of submerging in high tides. In 2016, an expert team from the Thangal Kunju Musaliar College of Engineering, Kollam had started a study into the phenomena at the request of the Munroethuruthu grama panchayat. The team headed by Prof. Gouri Antharjanam, Head, Department of Civil Engineering, visited the Island. Subsequently, geo-scientists from the National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS) conducted a 2-year study from 2017 to 2019. They used observations from the satellite microwave interferometric technique and from an array of local GPS stations. They tentatively concluded that the Island is not subsiding. They found that only very heavy buildings that do not follow proper design standards have subsided up to 1.5 ft. The double railway line, with up to 150 trains per day, and station platforms are also subsiding. The NCESS scientists found that a tide of 1 m at the coast translates to less than 0.5 m at Munroe Island. Hence, global warming is also not a key problem.

The island's population has been steadily declining due to an exodus of people unable to cope up with the living conditions. The death of Lance Naik B. Sudheesh of this island in the Border area at Siachen Glacier spurred interest of the outer world in the problems of this place. Villagers fear subsiding of the land, and they suffer due to the lack of transport and other amenities. Land prices have fallen as they migrate elsewhere for better opportunities. The problems may have been exacerbated by the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 that changed the backwater system and resulted in increased salinity of the soil.

title: Munroe Island


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rambutans for Ang Mo Kio?

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 16:47, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Rambutans for Ang Mo Kio?
This is a fairly incoherent essay that discusses the etymology of Ang Mo Kio, a new town development in Singapore. It's nowhere near an encyclopedic format, not sure what can be salvaged from here. Pilatus 12:41, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Ang Mo Kio already has a big ol' section on the etymology of the name CDC   (talk)  20:23, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, and it does appear to lean a little too much towards original research.--Huaiwei 16:33, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. POV. *drew 15:52, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - There's already an appropriate Wikipedia page on the rambutan fruit. This page isn't encyclopedic. Singopo 06:37, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Land's Advocate of Holland

The Lands' Advocate (landsadvocaat) of Holland acted as a legal adviser and secretary to the Estates of Holland. They also acted as leader and spokesman of the Holland deputies in the States-General, and negotiated with foreign ambassadors. The office started in the late 15th century and ended in 1630, following the death Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, when the title was renamed into Grand Pensionary. They were the speaker of the nobility of Holland and had the first say on a subject during a meeting of the Estates. A decision of the Estates was made by a summarizing of all the statements of the other delegates by the Lands' Advocate. The Lands' Advocate of Holland was the most powerful man of the United Provinces when there was no Stadtholder in Holland (because two-thirds of the tax income of the republic came from the county of Holland). For the majority of its existence, Lands' Advocates would serve for life, though this would change to a five year term when the position was renamed.

The lands' advocates of Holland were considered influential people in Holland, at times as influential as the Stadtholder. In particular, the final Advocate, Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, who held the position from 1586 to 1619, acquired an almost complete control over every department of administration.

title: Land's Advocate of Holland


text:
First Grammatical Treatise

The First Grammatical Treatise (Fyrsta málfræðiritgerðin ) is a 12th-century work on the phonology of the Old Norse or Old Icelandic language. It was given this name because it is the first of four grammatical works bound in the Icelandic manuscript Codex Wormianus. The anonymous author is today often referred to as the "First Grammarian".

Significance
This work is one of the earliest written works in Icelandic (and in any North Germanic language). It is a linguistic work dealing with Old Norse, in the tradition of Latin and Greek grammatical treatises, generally dated to the mid-12th century. Hreinn Benediktsson was not able to narrow the time of writing more precisely than to 1125–1175.

The First Grammatical Treatise is of great interest to the history of linguistics, since it systematically used the technique of minimal pairs to establish the inventory of distinctive sounds or phonemes in the Icelandic language, in a manner reminiscent of the methods of structural linguistics. It is also notable for revealing the existence of a whole series of nasal vowel phonemes, whose presence in the Icelandic language of the time would otherwise be unknown.

The Treatise is important for the study of Old Norse, as it is a major text showing the state of the language just prior to the writing of the Icelandic Sagas. It also provides a comprehensive study of the pronunciation of the language, to the extent that it created an Icelandic alphabet derived from the Latin, and more adapted to writing on paper or parchment than the older, epigraphic Runic alphabet that was made for shorter carvings on wood or stone. (Other writings in the Latin alphabet presumably existed in the form of law books and Christian writings. The educated clergy of the time would not have used runes.) This alphabet included þ (derived straight from the runes), as well as diacritic indication of vowel length, and an o with an ogonek. The First Grammarian's entire system was never adopted, as evidenced in later manuscripts, in some cases not much younger, but it has had an influence on Icelandic writing ever since (see above). See Icelandic orthography.

Alphabet
The author of the First Grammatical Treatise proposes that long vowels be marked with an acute accent, e.g. á. The nasal vowels are marked with a dot. Small capitals denote a geminate consonant. The author proposes a letter Ǥ, named eng, which denotes.

Raddarstafir (Vowels): a, ȧ, ǫ, ǫ̇, e, ė, ę, ę̇, ı, i, o, ȯ, ø, ø̇, u, u̇, y, ẏ

Samhljóðendr (Consonants): b, ʙ, c, ᴋ, d, ᴅ, f, ꜰ, g, ɢ, ǥ, h, l, ʟ, m, ᴍ, n, ɴ, p, ᴘ, r, ʀ, ſ, ꜱ, t, ᴛ, þ
 * Note: "c" is lowercase; lowercase long-s "ſ" is followed by small-capital "ꜱ".

Samsettar (Letters for composite sounds): x, z

Other: ⁊, ˜

Phonological System
Based on the description of minimal pairs of words in Old Norse, Einar Haugen proposes one tentative interpretation of the vowel description given by the First Grammatical Treatise. There are potentially 36 vowels in Old Norse, with 9 basic vowel qualities,, which are further distinguished by length and nasality. Haugen notes that "A system of thirty-six vowel phonemes would have been something of a monstrosity among the world's phonemic systems". However, a system of 18 oral vowels is in no way unusual for a Germanic language, and nasality must be seen an independent category.

The author
The author is unknown, and is usually referred to as "First Grammarian". Scholars have hypothesized various identities for the First Grammarian. One probable candidate is Hallr Teitsson (born ca. 1085, died 1150). Þóroddr Gamlason has also been suggested.

Haugen notes that the author of the text cannot be the 11th century Icelandic scholar Ari the Learned (1067-1148), as the author refers to Ari, "in the text with a reverence such as might be offered by a pupil or a friend." Furthermore, Haugen notes, concerning the author candidate Hallr Teitsson, that, "His [Hallr's] father was a foster brother of Ari the Learned, and Hallr himself was the fourth in line of a distinguished family of cultural leaders in Iceland". .

The First Grammarian's choice of terminology, such as the use of the Latin terms "capitulum" and "vers", as well as a quotation from Cato's Distichs, suggests he received a Latin education. However, he was also well-versed and familiar with Norse skaldic poetic verse, making him "one of that line of students of poetics, whose greatest representative from Iceland was to be Snorri Sturluson." This can be seen in the illustrative sentences used in demonstrating minimal pairs, which contain allusions to "the giantess Þórgerð Hǫlgabrúð (90.20), Thor and the giant Hymir (90.20), and the legendary Dane Ubbi (90.19)".

title: First Grammatical Treatise


text: User talk:82.70.211.86

title: User talk:82.70.211.86


text:
Haydn Tanner

Haydn Tanner (9 January 1917 – 5 June 2009) was a Welsh international rugby union player who represented both Wales and the British and Irish Lions. At club level he played for several top-flight teams, including Bristol, Cardiff, Swansea, London Welsh and the Barbarians.

Personal history
Tanner was educated at Gowerton Grammar School and was still a schoolboy when he played at scrum-half for Swansea against the All Blacks at St. Helens in 1935. Swansea won the game by 11 points to 3, with Tanner and his cousin Willie Davies outstanding. The New Zealand captain, Jack Manchester, is said to have passed back the message to New Zealand: "Tell them we have been beaten, but don't tell them it was by a pair of schoolboys".

In December the same year Tanner won his first cap for Wales at the age of 18 years and 11 months, making him one of the youngest players to appear for Wales. The match was again against the All Blacks and Tanner was again on the winning side. He went on to win 25 international caps, 12 as captain, despite his career being interrupted by the Second World War.

Tanner toured South Africa with the British and Irish Lions in 1938 and played in only one test owing to injury. In 1948 he was captain of the Barbarians against Australia. His last international match was against France in 1949.

He was undoubtedly one of the greatest scrum-halves to ever play the game and, according to the 1950 Lion, Bleddyn Williams, he was "the greatest": "Among all the scrum-halves I've seen and played with, he would reign supreme," said Williams. "He had a superb pass – the best I ever played with. His service was even better than Gareth Edwards."

After retiring from rugby, he became an industrial chemist working in the wood pulp trade for Thompson and Norris. He later became a buyer for Reed International and travelled extensively. He attended the Harvard Business School and became purchasing director for Reed Paper and Board UK. He retired in November, 1980. Having moved to Surrey, he became coach of Esher and became a member of London Welsh.

Tanner died in his sleep on the 5 June 2009, aged 92.

title: Haydn Tanner


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Stefan Roberts

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was 'SPEEDY DELETE by user:Android79 as "Hoax vandalism". Thryduulf 16:30, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Stefan Roberts
Self-admitted hoax. Delete, including the image. Lupo 12:43, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:KCOM Group

Untitled
There is no monopoly:

''The Independent regulator Office of Communications (Ofcom) stipulates that KCOM must make wholesale broadband access products available to organisations that wish to provide internet services via its network. KCOM meets the requirement and offers a range of wholesale broadband products to meet the needs of ISPs (Internet Service Providers); therefore the broadband market in Hull and parts of East Yorkshire served by KCOM is open to any ISP who wants to offer broadband via KCOM’s network''

http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page15066  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.100.232.150 (talk) 22:55, 26 November 2008 (UTC)

KC's link to national network
Is it still the case that BT have a trunk exchange in Hull, nextdoor to Telephone House, to connect national/international calls to/from KC customers?? Or have KC installed their own network connections?? (RM21 20:02, 21 June 2006 (UTC))

AUP
Could we have a link to their AUP as people seem to have an issue with it? they do not seem to have it on their website, maybe someone has a copy?
 * Just show me ignorance but what's an AUP? --Achmelvic 08:07, 3 May 2006 (UTC)
 * AUP = Acceptable Use Policy. Thryduulf 00:13, 4 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Ah cheers. What are the issues that ppl have with Kingston's? --Achmelvic 07:50, 4 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Hmmmm check out www.karooforums.net for a TRUE rendition of KC's service to its so called customers and then you can make your own mind up..

hullnet
I would like to include http://www.hullnet.co.uk on the Kcom site. the site is trying to remove the "sudo" monopoloy that KComs has in Kingston-upon-Hull for Broadband and phone. I have picked one company, but I do not work for them so I'm not advertising for them. This is just a strategic approch to the "sudo" monopoly problem we have in Hull. --Spiderbug (talk) 11:25, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

 * As indicated previously this does not fit in with our external links policy. I have also removed the forum link that you pointed out to me. Though I would welcome the opinions of other editors on the inclusion of this link. Keith D (talk) 12:26, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 20:47, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:KCOM Group


text:
Marino, South Australia

Marino is a coastal suburb in the south of Adelaide, South Australia that's surrounded by a conservation park and rugged coastline. Most houses have sea views and access to meandering public open spaces. The suburb even has its own working lighthouse. Marino's elevated position provides panoramic views of the ocean – Gulf St Vincent, the metropolitan beaches and Adelaide CBD. Marino has access to the North or South via Brighton Road, has two railway stations on the main Seaford Line and a host of walking and cycle trails to the neighbouring beaches and wine region. A community cooperative has purchased a restaurant building on the beachfront on Marine Parade. It's called Marino Rocks Social. The cooperative's first project is to run a cafe. The cooperative has 250 members, all with equal status, who have invested money or effort and is completely independent of other local community associations.

Marino is directly 13 km south west of Adelaide CBD, 3 km south west of South Australia's largest shopping complex Westfield Marion and 14 km north west of the McLaren Vale wine region.

The suburb is home to Marino Rocks beach, which sits below the cliff tops and features a flat rocky beach with a boat ramp leading out to a reef on the southern end of Kingston Park/Seacliff. Fishing, kayaking, sailing and snorkelling are common recreation activities.

Many people also use this section of the coastline to exercise while enjoying the views from the trails that run along the Marino cliff tops.

At the northern end of the beach, the public artwork Contemplation can be viewed, by artist Marijana Tadic. Launched in 2006, the artwork takes the form of a rocked boat.

The artwork looks out over the ocean and marks the change from the rocky shoreline at Marino Rocks to the sandy beaches of neighbouring Seacliff.

Also as of 2006, at the access point to the beach, there is a mosaic artwork designed and constructed by South Australian artist Michael Tye. Michael worked with local artists and community members in the design and construction of the mosaic artwork along the nearby retaining wall.

The main Seaford railway line into Adelaide CBD passes through the suburb, and there are two railway stations: Marino, and the newly improved Marino Rocks that is looked after by community volunteers as part of the Government's Rail Care scheme. In 2020 Marino Rocks railway station benefited from new seats, community artwork, City of Marion way-finding signage to local attractions and extensive Government-funded landscaping.

A number of walking trails are available throughout Marino, including the clifftop Marino to Hallett Cove Boardwalk and the Adelaide Coast Park that has an uninterrupted path along all of Adelaide's metropolitan beaches and beyond.

Bikeways include the Marino Rocks Greenway all the way into Adelaide CBD, the Coast to Vines rail trail that runs through to the beautiful McLaren Vale wine region and a signposted route to the nearby cafes and bars in Seacliff, Brighton and Glenelg.

Marino is home to the Marino Rocks Lighthouse within the Marino Conservation Park, now part of the newly created Glenthorne National Park–Ityamaiitpinna Yarta.

Guided walking trails lead up to the lighthouse within the conservation park.

Community ties in Marino are strong with an active 5049 Coastal Community Residents Association, the Marino Community Garden, several parks that often host neighbourhood get-togethers and a host of activities on offer at the Marino Community Hall.

History
A team, under the leadership of J.W. McLaren, completed the survey of the coastal strip of Brighton in December 1838. Land grants for sections 206 (now Somerton) and 234 – 246 (now Brighton – Marino) were allotted in March and April 1839. Section 244 was known as Marino, and granted to George S. Kingston who built what is now one of the oldest buildings in South Australia as his occasional residence.

This is now mostly Kingston Park. Sections 245 and 246 were originally known as the New Brighton Country Lands and were granted to Matthew Smith.

Smith divided the New Brighton Country Lands into 40 blocks of 4 acre each. It was considered poor pastoral land, due to the exposed salt air and strong winds. By August 1842 Smith had sold only 15 blocks, mainly to notable business people who had little intention of living in the New Brighton Country Lands, but bought properties as a speculative proposition for future sales to fishing families or workers in the nearby quarry. Henry Hickling purchased 6 blocks. In 1884 John Roberts bought some of the remaining unsold blocks and 20 or so years later sold this land to George S. Kingston.

Local government in the area was formed in 1853, the 18th District Council constituted in South Australia. Its name was the District Council of Brighton (as distinct from the Corporation of Brighton which formed some 5 years later, mainly as a result of the determination of local residents to improve roads in the area). The first chairman of this new district was Thomas O'Halloran. The first meetings were held in the Thatched House Tavern, which, if still standing, would be on the corner of Brighton and Sturt roads. According to the 1876 Census, the District Council of Brighton totalled 328 schoolchildren of which 192 were able to read and write. In 1886 the council, less the now small coastal Corporation of Brighton, was renamed the District Council of Marion.

In 1875 a proposal was put forward to build an outer harbour at Marino. The proposal was furthered in 1880 in a report by Captain H.S. Stanley, R.N. In 1901 a Marino Outer Harbour League was formed. However the construction of the Outer Harbour near Port Adelaide, in 1908, finally laid these plans to rest.

In 1883 the Glenelg, Brighton and Marino Tramway Company began a horse-drawn tram service. The tram made its last run along Brighton Road to Glenelg in February 1914.

The shore from Holdfast Bay to Marino, was generally well visited by townspeople, who would take the hours ride from Adelaide to enjoy the beach and fresh sea breeze. Sundays in particular were popular, especially in fine weather. In Easter, holiday-makers could buy cool drinks, hot water and fruit from a tent set up on the beach, the proprietor paying a guinea fee to the council to conduct business. In the 1920s an old railway carriage found its way onto the foreshore of Marino Rocks, still a popular holiday destination. In the 1930s, reports from council stated no renovations or building of shacks should disturb the Sunday peace of Marino residents.

Marino, also known as Folkestone for a while, was further subdivided in 1912, along with Morphettville Park, Woodlands Park and Hallett Cove Model Estate.

The suburb now has a mix of old and new property, often on large blocks and with panoramic views.

Industry
Early in the history of European settlement of South Australia, limestone, sand, quartzite and gypsum have been quarried in the Marino area.

The South Australian Company quarried building and paving stone. A pier was built at Marino Rocks beach in 1840 to transport this stone to building sites in Port Adelaide and Adelaide. The ridges of the pier, extending out to a marker buoy, are still visible today, at low tide.

In 1882, a limestone quarry supported the first cement manufactured in South Australia by Brighton Hydraulic Cement Works, competing with Portland cement, which was imported in great quantities. Horses played a significant part in the Brighton Cement Works especially on the steep and difficult climb from Marino to the quarries further south, on what was then, and still is, known as Cement Hill. The Brighton Cement works moved to Angaston in the 1950s. Brighton Cement merged with Adelaide Cement to become Adelaide Brighton Cement in first months of 1971.

Linwood Quarries bought into the area in 1933 and further expanded into the previous Brighton Cement Works when they moved out in 1952. In 1973, rehabilitation of the site was being discussed and in 1979 the Marion Golf Park was opened on former quarry land. The cost of the rehabilitation was shared between Quarry Industries, City of Marion and various state and federal government departments. The project marked the first council to avail themselves of funds available through the Extractive Areas Rehabilitation Fund, a 10% state government levy on each ton of extractive minerals sold.

Boral have been operating a small asphalt plant, under a federal mining licence, in Marino, at the Lindwood Quarry since the 1980s.

Walking and cycling trails
The 7.2 km coastal boardwalk starts at the Marino Esplanade and finishes at the Hallett Cove Headland Reserve. A part of the Adelaide Coast Park, the walk is unique in the metropolitan area with its rugged cliffs, small coves and rocky coast. The cliffs at Hallett Cove feature significant geological formations with evidence of glacial movements 600 million years ago. The coastline features prominently in the Tjilbruke legend of the Kaurna people. Coastal and marine interpretive signage has been installed along the coastal walking trail and consists of 33 large art signs in the shape of dolphins, fish, crabs and traditional Kaurna shields. Community artist, Barbary O'Brien worked with local schools, resident groups and members of the Kaurna Aboriginal community to develop the signs.

The 34 km Coast to Vines rail trail is a mostly sealed walking and cycling trail starting at Marino and travelling south through Adelaide's southern suburbs along the old railway line. It travels through the McLaren Vale wine region, finishing in the country town of Willunga.

A bike path along secondary roads is also available for cyclists to ride north from Marino to Glenelg, and even further to Semaphore and Outer Harbour.

title: Marino, South Australia


text:
User talk:Dmmaus/temp

By 1900, the Presidency Match - as the Europeans versus Parsis game had come to be called - was the highlight of the Bombay cricket season.

Just a suggestion. 'Bombay Presidency Match' would be a better title for the section than 'Europeans v Parsis'. Tintin 12:48, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dmmaus/temp


text:
Talk:Yellow crazy ant

Untitled
The Yellow Crazy Ant's supercolonies reminds me about the news reports about the one in spain and the reasoning how it could be possible. Report about super ant colony in spain from BCC news Super ant colony ant in spain (google search An example from the BBC article: The supercolonies possibly form because the ants are related and so excrete the same feromones and thus can form huge colonies. Conclucsion that I take is that the Crazy Ants colonies formed from just a few queens
 * Yes, judging from the fact that this is an accidentally introduced species, supercolonies are probably an example of the founder effect. The same principle is thought to be responsible for supercolonies of ants in Australia and wasps in new Zealand.  I've edited the article accordingly to remove the term 'adapted'. --Townmouse 23:09, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Evidently not a founder effect. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/04/0418_020418_TVantcolony_2.html 'A possible explanation was that the entire supercolony arose from a very small number of founders, which would mean that the ants within the colony are genetically very similar—hence their surprising tolerance of ants from distant nests. But this did not prove to be true. A genetic analysis done by Keller's team revealed that the European Argentine ants are a diverse lot. "It's a very nice piece of work," says Kenneth Ross, an entomologist from the University of Georgia, in Athens. "Keller and his colleagues collected a huge number of samples, tested many genetic markers and proved that this tolerance is not due to these ants being closely related."' Davidweman 00:15, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

merged from Crazy Ant
Both referred to the same species. Merged to the article with the more specific name. Shyamal 03:38, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

redirect and possible note for inclusion
these ants which are rampaging through TX, USA right now recently shorted out a circuit board at some science center. Some worry about HOuston space center.

SHould we include that if I can find the source and stuff?

Also how about a "crazy ants" redirect.

Size?
Mention how big they are. Also be consistant with upper/lower case: don't say Crazy Ant, or Crazy ant, probably. Jidanni 23:58, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

We now have: "is a relatively large, yellow to orange ant". Does relatively large mean 3mm, 6mm, 11mm...?173.180.149.41 (talk) 08:12, 24 May 2017 (UTC)(just some wiki reader...)

End Area
The Commons template the the categories box looks funny. For example, the categories box, has more space at the top then at the bottom, counting from the top of the text and teh bottom of the text, respectivly. If you can't fix it, you have to make a post in bugzilla.68.148.164.166 (talk) 08:24, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

Mass per ant
The article says: 2,254 foraging ants per m2 with a biomass of 1.85 g per m2. 1.85 grams seems mighty low -- does this mean each ant weighs on average less than a milligram? GAdam (talk) 02:43, 17 September 2009 (UTC)
 * I don't know any actual figures but that would make sense. They're pretty small.  KarlM (talk) 08:03, 17 September 2009 (UTC)

Clarification needed
Not sure what this means: "The enemy release hypothesis, suggests that escape from co-evolved natural enemies may help organisms achieve a large colonial size." Does this mean natural enemies from its original habitat that are absent from the new habitat? The sentence needs to be clarified. In particular the word "escape" seems to be an unfortunate word choice, but perhaps it is a technical usage?

Also, it's noted twice in the article that "A. gracilipes was accidentally introduced to Christmas Island between 1915 and 1934." I presume "accidentally introduced" means inadvertently by human beings. I'd be interested to know how we know this as, according to the article, we don't even know the ant's original habitat.JKeck (talk) 22:30, 1 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I reworded the sentence to make it clearer. On the second point, it's known because there were definitely no ants before 1915 and they were there after 1934; it doesn't matter where exactly they came from.  It's a widespread tramp species all over the tropics, so it probably came to Christmas Island from another place it's not native to.  KarlM (talk) 06:20, 3 October 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yellow crazy ant


text:
Talk:Marino, South Australia

Walking trail
The Marino to Hallett Cove boardwalk would make a useful standalone article. Doug butler (talk) 14:28, 29 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marino, South Australia


text:
Istor-o-Nal

Istor-o-Nal is the third highest mountain in the Hindu Kush, in the Chitral District of the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. It is the 68th highest independent peak in the world. It crowns a massif with eleven peaks of elevation more than 7000 m. The peak is located a few kilometres northeast of Tirich Mir (the highest mountain in the Hindu Kush), across the Tirich Glacier. Because Istor-o-Nal is behind the higher peak of Tirich Mir from many viewpoints, it is not easily visible and therefore not well known.

The word "Istoro Nal" means horseshoe in the chitrali language (Istor means "horse"). The origin of the name is unclear.

Istor-o-Nal was first climbed on June 8, 1955, by the Americans Joseph E. Murphy, Jr., and Thomas A. Mutch, led by Pakistani Major Ken Bankwala, on a Princeton Mountaineering Club expedition. They climbed the west ridge, starting from the south side of the peak on the Tirich Glacier. Their small, minimally financed expedition (by the standards of the time for high-altitude mountaineering) achieved what was then the second highest summit attained by Americans.

title: Istor-o-Nal


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aeolipilanthropy

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. --Phroziac(talk) 00:26, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Aeolipilanthropy
This is a neologism and possibly nonsense as well. The only Google hit for Aeolipilanthropy is a Wikipedia mirror site. Thryduulf 12:49, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Someone's trying to do a parody of werewolves and relate it to railfanning. I had considered listing this one myself as patent nonsense, but didn't have time to go through the motions yet. slambo 13:55, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hoax. Quale 04:31, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep it. The term may be unknown in the USA, but it is in use by wives and girlfriends of trainspotters and railway enthusiasts in the UK. This is my first post on Wiki, and I don't have a user name, sorry.
 * — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.178.109.107 (talk • contribs) Thryduulf 23:22, 1 October 2005 (UTC) (only edit from that IP).
 * Keep it. As a railfanatic in the UK I use this term regularly as do many of my acquintances, this is no hoax.
 * — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.101.64.221 (talk • contribs) Thryduulf 23:22, 1 October 2005 (UTC) (only edit from that IP).
 * Keep it. There's an Otherkin connection. Perhaps it would be better merged into an article on Mechanthropy or even Railway Folklore?
 * — Preceding unsigned comment added by Coppertop Darkwhistle (talk • contribs) Thryduulf 21:12, 2 October 2005 (UTC) (This user's third edit - 1st requesting an article on Aeolipilanthropy, the 2nd editing the Aeolipilanthropy article ). Thryduulf 21:12, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:166.66.202.80

title: User talk:166.66.202.80


text:
Muhammad Gaddafi

Muhammad Muammar Gaddafi (محمد معمر القذافي; born 15 March 1970) is the eldest son of the former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. While he was regarded as a possible successor as ruler of Libya from his father, he was reported to be uninterested in the role. In 2005, Muhammad was involved in an armed standoff with his half-brother Mutassim over control of a Coca-Cola bottling plant.

He was also the chairman of the General Posts and Telecommunications Company which owned and operated cell phone and satellite services in Libya and Temporary Head of the Libyan Football Federation at the time. The company is the exclusive internet provider to Libya, and immediately after the beginning of protests against the Gaddafi government in February 2011 which led to the Libyan Civil War, it cut internet links between Libya and the rest of the world.

Libyan civil war
On 30 April 2011, one of Muhammad's children was killed by a NATO airstrike along with his half-brother Saif al-Arab Gaddafi. Muhammad was among the 2,000 mourners at Saif al-Arab's funeral along with his half-brother Saif al-Islam on 2 May 2011.

On 21 August 2011, Muhammad surrendered to rebel forces of the National Transitional Council as they took over Tripoli. While being in custody in his home, he gave a phone interview to Al Jazeera, saying that he surrendered to the rebels and had been treated well before the line went dead from apparent gunfire. The National Transitional Council head later spoke to Al Jazeera assuring Muhammad's safety. Muhammad spoke to Al Jazeera again confirming his safety and that of his family. On 22 August 2011, he escaped reportedly with the help of Gaddafi loyalists.

In exile
On 29 August 2011, he entered Algeria along with several other members of the Gaddafi family. In October 2012, they left a hideaway in Algeria to go to Oman, where they were granted political asylum.

title: Muhammad Gaddafi


text:
Carbury, County Kildare

Carbury, also formerly spelt "Carbery", is a rural community and a village in north-west County Kildare, Ireland. It is situated on the R402 regional road between Enfield and Edenderry, near the border with County Offaly, and includes the smaller hamlets of Derrinturn, Ticknevin and Killina along the Grand Canal (Ireland). The source of the River Boyne is located just north of the village. The village is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.

Carbury Hill
This prominent hill just north of the village of Carbury has been inhabited since the Bronze Age. Although partly silted up, at least two barrows from that time can still be found on top of the hill.

The site was anciently known as Sídhe Neachtain or “The Mansion of Neachtain”, from Nuadha Neacht, a leader of the mythological Tuatha de Danann who became King of Leinster for a year In 45 AD according to the Annals of the Four Masters. He and his brothers were the keepers of the well at the foot of the hill, (now Trinity Well at Newberry Hall, Carbury, County Kildare) which was associated with the gift of wisdom. When Neachtain married the goddess Boann (or Bóinn), she wanted to see the sacred well, but was never allowed to visit it, since Neachtain had to keep the location a secret. One day Bóinn followed him and when she found the well, she allowed herself a taste from the forbidden waters. The well burst up, surging round the hill and through the country, all the way out to the Irish Sea. According to legend, the curious Bóinn was swept along with the rushing waters and drowned, and thus the River Boyne - an embodiment of her spirit - was created.

The last reference to Sidh Neachtain in the Annals of the Four Masters records the death of Laoghaire, High King of Ireland and son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, at Sidh Neachtain in 458AD. His brother Cairbre (from whom Carbury gets its name) established a dynasty which controlled the hill in subsequent centuries as the centre of the territory known as Cairbre Uí Chiardha (which may still be seen on signposts in the area). They were the Ó Ciardha sept of the Southern Uí Néill (anglicised Carey, Carry and Keary) who were the Lords of Carbury mentioned in the Annals of the Four Masters in 952.

The ancient settlement was close to the old strategic road called Eiscar Riada or Slí Mhor (the "High Road"), which connected the east of Ireland with the River Shannon and the west.

Carbury Castle

After the 12th century Norman invasion, Meiler Fitzhenry was granted the Carbury area. The motte on the top of the hill behind the current castle was probably built by Meiler FitzHenry who was granted the area by Strongbow. The complex was acquired by the de Berminghams in the 14th century, from whom it passed by inheritance to the Preston family, who held the title Baron Gormanston, before being retaken by the Irish in the 15th century. The 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, John Talbot, later also Earl of Wexford, Earl of Waterford and Baron of Dungarvan, rebuilt Carbury Castle after 1428–1447.

From 23 October 1554 a 21-year lease was granted to Sir Henry Colley (the patrilineal ancestor of the Dukes of Wellington); this was renewed, and the Colley family built a large stronghouse on the hilltop in the 17th century. The central scenic focus of Carbury Hill now is the ruins of that Tudor mansion of the Colleys, which was also known as Fairy Hill.

The hill was also a camping site used by the Irish during the United Irishmen Rebellion of 1798.

Sport
Carbury GAA is the local Gaelic football club, winner of 11 Kildare county senior football championships. Carbury GAA Club was founded in 1925. Since then it has grown and developed to become one of the leading senior clubs in County Kildare. The club has around 150 adult members and 150 Juvenile members. The club fields fourteen football teams for both men and women.

Carbury S.C is the local soccer club which was formed when Carbury Utd and Parsonstown Utd merged.

Namesake
The small village of Carbury located in Bottineau County in the U.S. State of North Dakota is named after Carbury.

Transport
Carbury railway station was opened by the Midland Great Western Railway on 10 April 1877 as part of its branch line from Enfield to Edenderry. The station closed to regular passenger traffic on 1 June 1931, and to goods traffic on 1 September 1932. The branch remained in use for occasional special trains until final closure on 1 April 1963. The station building survives as a private residence.

People

 * Tony Adams, film producer
 * Clement Johnson, cricketer who played test cricket for South Africa
 * Dudley Colley, MP and 17th century owner of Castle Carbury
 * Thomas Flanagan, auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of San Antonio in the US

title: Carbury, County Kildare


text: User talk:204.39.64.2

title: User talk:204.39.64.2


text:
Turkish Cypriot enclaves

The Turkish Cypriot enclaves were inhabited by Turkish Cypriots between the intercommunal violence of 1963–64 and the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus.

Events leading to the creation of the enclaves
In December 1963 the President of the Republic of Cyprus, Archbishop Makarios, citing Turkish Cypriot tactics aimed at obstructing the normal functioning of government, proposed several amendments to the post-colonial constitution of 1960. This precipitated a crisis between the Greek Cypriot majority and the Turkish Cypriot minority, and Turkish Cypriot representation in the government ended. The nature of this event is controversial. Greek Cypriots claim that Turkish Cypriots voluntarily withdrew from the institutions of the Republic of Cyprus, while the Turkish Cypriot narrative has it that the Turkish Cypriots were forcibly excluded.

After the rejection of the constitutional amendments by the Turkish Cypriot community the situation escalated into island-wide intercommunal violence. 103 to 109 Turkish Cypriot or mixed villages were attacked and 25,000-30,000 Turkish Cypriots became refugees. According to official records, 364 Turkish Cypriots and 174 Greek Cypriots were killed. Turkish Cypriots consequently started living in enclaves; the republic's structure was changed unilaterally by Makarios and Nicosia was divided by the Green Line, with the deployment of UNFICYP troops.

Situation in the enclaves
The enclaves were scattered all over the island. The enclaves were deprived of many necessities. Restrictions on the enclaves began to be eased after 1967 and many Turkish Cypriots began to return to the villages they'd left in 1963.

Ban on goods
The Greek Cypriot-run Republic of Cyprus banned the possession of certain items by Turkish Cypriots and the entrance of these items to the enclaves. The restrictions were aimed not only at restricting the military activities of Turkish Cypriots, but also to prevent their return to economic normality. As for fuels, all kinds of fuels including kerosene were initially banned, but the ban on kerosene was lifted by October 1964. The ban on petrol and diesel did remain in force until that time and hindered food supply to the enclaves. Ban on building materials prevented the restoration of houses damaged by fighting when winter approached, and the ban on woolen clothing affected the supply of clothing to Turkish Cypriots, especially putting the displaced in a concerning situation. The restriction on tent materials further blocked the construction of temporary places of residence for the displaced. Below is a list of banned items as of 7 October 1964, according to a report by the United Nations Secretary-General:

 * Accumulators
 * Ammonium nitrate
 * Angle iron
 * Automobile spare parts
 * Bags
 * Cables
 * Camouflage netting
 * Cartridges, shotgun
 * Cement
 * Crushed metal
 * Crushed stone

 * Electrical detonators
 * Exploders and explosives
 * Fuel, in large amounts
 * Galvanometers
 * Iron pickets
 * Iron poles and rods
 * Khaki-colored cloth
 * Mine detectors
 * Radio sets
 * Safety fuses
 * Sand

 * Studs for boots
 * Sulfur
 * Telephones
 * Tents and tent material
 * Thick steel plates
 * Timber
 * Tires
 * Wire, including barbed wire
 * Wire-cutters
 * Woollen clothing (if it can be used militarily)

Travel restrictions
The freedom of movement of Turkish Cypriots were restricted in this period. The Greek Cypriot police committed what was called by the UN Secretary-General "excessive checks and searches and apparently unnecessary obstructions", which instilled fear in Turkish Cypriots who had to travel. Turkish Cypriots suffered the harassment of nationalist Greek Cypriot officers at control points, airports and government offices. The Secretary-General also noted his concerns about arbitrary arrest and detention. Greek Cypriot police imposed restrictions on Turkish Cypriot travel outside the enclave of North Nicosia. Initially, the movement of Turkish Cypriots in and out of Lefka was not allowed at all, the restriction was relaxed by October 1964 to allow them to travel eastwards, but not westwards towards Limnitis. Turkish Cypriot doctors were also not allowed to travel freely to carry out their profession, the Greek Cypriots insisted that they should be searched.

Economic situation
The period of 1963-74 saw widening economic disparities between the two communities. Whilst the Greek Cypriot economy benefited from flourishing tourism and finance sectors, Turkish Cypriots grew increasingly poor and unemployment increased. The enclaves were put under an economic embargo by the Greek Cypriot administration of the Republic of Cyprus, trade between communities was blocked. Due to travel restrictions, a large number of Turkish Cypriots had to leave their previous jobs. Refugees, meanwhile, had been uprooted from their old sources of income. The period thus saw the beginning of aid from the Turkish government, as by 1968, Turkey had started to give about £8,000,000 a year to Turkish Cypriots.

List of Turkish Cypriot enclaves

 * Kazivera (Gaziveren)
 * Kokkina (Erenköy)
 * Limnitis (Yeşilırmak)
 * Lefka (Lefke)
 * Nicosia-Agirda (Lefkoşa-Ağırdağ)
 * Chatos (Çatoz/Serdarlı)
 * Galinoporni (Kaleburnu)
 * Kofinou (Geçitkale)
 * Louroujina (Akincilar)
 * Angolemi (Taşpınar)
 * Pergamos (Beyarmudu)

Smaller enclaves within the main cities:
 * Paphos (Mouttalos/Kasaba)
 * Larnaca (İskele)
 * Famagusta (Mağusa/Suriçi)

title: Turkish Cypriot enclaves