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WJMH

WJMH (102.1 FM "102 JAMZ") is an urban contemporary radio station serving the Piedmont Triad region. It broadcasts with 99,000 watts of power and is licensed to Reidsville, North Carolina. Owned by Audacy, Inc., the station's studios are located near the Piedmont Triad International Airport in Greensboro, with a transmitter site near Stokesdale, North Carolina.

Former 102 JAMZ personalities
Personalities over the years have included Shilynne Cole, now Program Director and mid-day host for 97.1 QMG (WQMG); Busta Brown, who spent several years with area television station WXII-TV and now hosts afternoon on 97.1 QMG; Madd Hatta, morning host at Houston's 97.9 The Boxx (KBXX); Kyle Santillian, host of "The Chicago Morning Takeover!" on WGCI-FM/107.5; Skip Dillard, Operations Manager/Program Director of New York's WBLS/107.5; Afrika Perry, afternoon talent at Miami's Power 96 (WPOW); Boogie D, former Operations Manager of St. Louis' Hot 104.1 (WHHL), and Old School 95.5 (WFUN-FM), St. Louis; Mary K, Program Director of Charlotte's 92.7 The Block, Old School 105.3 and Praise 100.9; Kendall B, morning co-host at Denver's KS 107.5 (KQKS); The Bushman, middays at Detroit's FM 98 (WJLB); Big Tap Money, Program Director of Fayetteville's Foxy 99 (WZFX); Baby J, Program Director at (WCHZ-FM) Hot 95.5/93.1, Augusta, Georgia; Waleed Coyote, Executive at EMPIRE, founder and CEO of Othaz Records and President of Slip N Slide DJs; Geronimo and Cool Breeze (Reggae Jamz). Larry Diesbach aKa "Red Neck Stuby" bought the Domain 102Jamz.com without this purchase the FL 102Jamz would have got it 1st

Other well-known personalities included Terrence J, former co-anchor of E! News and former host of BET's 106 & Park, broadcast "voice-over" talents George "Apollo" Fetherbay, owner of radio commercial production house Apollo Productions and The Jammer, owner of Larry Davis Voiceover, as well as Traci LaTrelle, air talent at WHUR-FM, Washington, D.C.; former New York air personality Sammy Mack, and Big Lip Bandit, morning host at Power 96, Miami. All the previous happily admit that their time under the tutelage of Brian Douglas at 102 JAMZ was one of the big contributors to their success.

The late Tre Black, known as Tre Bien while with 102 JAMZ, went on to great success in New York City, Los Angeles and Detroit before his untimely death in March, 2010. Other alumni, not active in radio at this time, include Dr. Michael Lynn; Delyte; Hannah's Baby Boy Stu; Mario Devoe; Mic Foxx; and former morning show co-hosts Tanya Simmons Reid (last name formerly "James") and Amos Quick. Quick is now a Guilford County school board member, and pastor of Calvary Baptist Church in High Point.

102 JAMZ' SuperJam
Between 1997 and 2014, 102 JAMZ' annual summer concert happened each year in late June, featuring primarily hip hop artists. The station's debut summer show, SuperJam I, took place Friday night, June 20, 1997, at Greensboro Coliseum with an audience of 20,000 and featured Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, Junior M.A.F.I.A., Lil' Kim, OutKast, Lost Boyz, SWV, Freak Nasty and others. Successive annual SuperJams have included artists such as Jay-Z, Ludacris, Diddy, Young Jeezy, T-Pain, Rick Ross, Busta Rhymes, T.I., Ja Rule, Three 6 Mafia, J. Cole, LL Cool J, Fat Joe, Petey Pablo, Slick Rick and Doug E. Fresh, Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz, Nas, Wale, Cam'Ron, Trina, Big Pun, Lloyd, Redman, Omarion, Ying Yang Twins, 112, Trick Daddy, Da Brat, Dem Franchize Boyz, Dru Hill, N.O.R.E., Bow Wow, Ashanti, Elephant Man, Jermaine Dupri, DJ Kool, Chingy and Jagged Edge. SuperJam and the 102 JAMZ Birthday Bash, held each Jam-Uary, were hosted by the 102 JAMZ airstaff, with music provided by the 102 JAMZ Mix Squad.

Early history of 102.1 (1947–1988)
The radio station now known as 102 JAMZ was originally located in Reidsville, North Carolina, a simulcast of sister station WREV (1220 AM). In 1947, William Manton Oliver Sr., at that time owner of the local newspaper (The Reidsville Review), applied to the FCC for a permit to construct an FM radio station under the AM's corporate name, Reidsville Broadcasting Company, Inc. After operating for a time under a Construction Permit, the station's license was granted September 6, 1948. At that time, FM was still new and somewhat experimental. Almost all radio listening was shared among AM radio stations. Mr. Oliver's primary purpose for constructing the station was a desire to provide high school football coverage to Reidsville listeners, as WREV (AM) was not allowed to remain on the air after sunset. For almost twenty years, the same programming was carried on both WREV and WREV-FM. The WREV simulcast ended in 1966, when Oliver's son, William Manton Oliver Jr. began to handle day-to-day operations. WREV-FM became a Christian radio station and assumed the new call letters, WWMO. On September 10, 1977, by chance the day of William Manton Oliver Sr.'s funeral, WREV-FM was sold to new owner George Beasley, a former high school principal.

Late in 1986, Beasley began construction of a new tall tower, near the Guilford/Rockingham county line and moved the facility to new studios in Greensboro, NC. Upon completion of construction, with a new, much stronger signal in place, the former Reidsville-only station first actively attempted to reach the Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point metropolitan area. The new "BIG 102" took the WBIG call letters, recently abandoned by Greensboro's oldest radio station, (an AM facility that "went dark" [voluntarily turning in its broadcasting license to the FCC and leaving the air permanently]), hired some of WBIG (AM)'s personalities and debuted as a country music station, late in March, 1987. BIG 102's debut was preceded by a computerized countdown created by Dan Robins, who in 1994 was corporate product manager of Smart Computers and Software in Fayetteville, North Carolina.

WBIG's initial Arbitron ratings were fairly strong, but settled back over time. Through the four ratings "books" in 1988, the station's 12+ "shares" (a measure of the percentage of listeners aged 12 and older), were 4.9, 5.0, 4.4 and 3.8. Through that same year, competitor WTQR achieved shares of 18.6, 17.5, 18.1 and 16.8..

Background as 102 JAMZ
On December 29, 1988, the station abandoned the country battle, flipping the format to "Churban" and changing the station's call letters and name. WJMH "102 JAMZ" was consulted by Jerry Clifton, who specialized in multi-ethnic programming (in Miami, Detroit, Orlando, Dallas, Philadelphia and other markets). Under original Program Director Chris Bailey, 102 JAMZ showed a 12+ Arbitron share of 7.7 in their first ratings book, as compared to rival Power 97's 4.1.

Under Bailey, and 102 JAMZ' second PD Brian Douglas, 102 JAMZ continued to outrank Power 97 in the 12+ ratings, especially with Men and Women aged 18 to 34 and with teenaged listeners (Douglas joined 102 JAMZ in September, 1990 and remains Program Director at the present time). 102 JAMZ and Power 97 continued to compete head-on until September, 1996. At that time, new owner Max Media moved WQMG in a much more adult direction, as Black-targeted Urban Adult Contemporary 97.1 QMG and 102 JAMZ began working with Steve Smith Radio and Ratings Consultants (Smith had guided Hot 97 WQHT New York's transition from dance to a more Hip Hop and R&B mix as Hot 97's Program Director in 1993 and 1994).

From its inception, 102 JAMZ featured a strong percentage of Rap and, by 1992, was perhaps the first radio station to be targeted exclusively toward 18- to 24-year-old African-Americans. "Urban", or Black-targeted stations of the time, typically attempted to reach a broader demographic, concentrating focus on the lucrative 25- to 54-year-old market. Rap music was typically relegated to weekend mix shows, limited to airplay during the evenings only or, in many cases, not played at all.

The station achieved success with younger listeners across the spectrum (White, Hispanic, etc.), building on music for college-aged listeners, foreground "personalities", regular hip hop-oriented Mix Shows, interactive cash contests and activity "on the streets". Breaking lifestyle news and events in hip hop music played a key role on the station from the early days, as well.

102 JAMZ reports weekly playlist information to Mediabase as a Rhythmic CHR and to BDS as an R&B/Hip-Hop reporter. For ratings purposes, Nielsen Audio has WJMH listed as a Rhythmic in its monthly PPM books. The station's playlist is mostly focused on the Hip-Hop/Rap genre, leaving some current R&B to Urban AC sister WQMG.

On June 4, 2020, WJMH's 3 Live Crew teamed up with WKZL's Jared and Katie to discuss the continuing conflict involving police brutality against minorities, protests, and systematic racism that has spilled over into the Greensboro-High Point-Winston-Salem Metropolitan area that began with the George Floyd protests.

Ownership history
The station which is now WJMH has been operated by five different owners through the years. Reidsville Broadcasting Company, Inc., founded the station in 1947. In 1977, the company which became Beasley Broadcasting took ownership, followed by Max Media in 1996, Sinclair Broadcasting in 1998 and, from late 1999 to the present, Entercom Communications Corp. (renamed Audacy, Inc. in 2021).

title: WJMH


text: User talk:203.220.172.110

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:203.220.172.110


text: File:Blink-182 - Stay Together for the Kids cover.jpg


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George Harris (theologian)

George Harris Jr. (April 1, 1844 – March 1, 1922) was an American minister, academic, and college president.

Early life and education
He was born at East Machias, Maine to George Harris Sr. and Mary Ann Palmer. He attended Washington Academy and graduated from Amherst College in 1866 and from Andover Theological Seminary in 1869. He received the D.D. degree from Harvard, Yale and Amherst, and the LL.D. degree from Dartmouth and Williams.

Career
He was minister of High Street Church in Auburn, Maine from 1869 to 1872, and of the Central Congregational Church in Providence, Rhode Island from 1872 to 1883. From 1883 to 1899, he was professor of Christian theology at Andover Theological Seminary and from 1899 to 1911, president of Amherst College.

He spoke at the Commencement of Wheaton College in Massachusetts in 1872.

He is author of Moral Evolution, (1896) and Inequality and Progress, (1897). He was one of the editors of the Andover Review from 1884 to 1893.

He was married on December 24, 1873, in Providence, Rhode Island to Jane Anthony Viall, and they had one son.

title: George Harris (theologian)


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Corra Mae Harris

Corra Mae Harris (March 17, 1869 – February 7, 1935), was an American writer and journalist. She was one of the first women war correspondents to go abroad in World War I.

Biography
Corra Mae White was born in Elbert County, Georgia, March 17, 1869. Her formal education was limited to teacher training at nearby female academies, though she never graduated from any of the schools she attended.

In 1887 she married Methodist minister and educator Lundy Howard Harris (1858–1910). They had one child survive to adulthood, a daughter named Faith (1887–1919). For roughly two decades Harris struggled through various personal tragedies, including a troubled marriage; the death of two infant sons; scandal and humiliation surrounding the abandonment, betrayal, and return of her husband in 1898 and his public confessions of adultery; the financial destitution resulting from the loss of his teaching position at Emory College; his suicide in 1910; her daughter's death in 1919; and her sister's death shortly after that. Harris remained a widow until her death 25 years later.

Harris was, for a time, the most widely known woman from the state of Georgia. Her literary reputation during her life and legacy since are connected with A Circuit Rider's Wife published in 1910. Reputedly autobiographical, the novel is at most a spiritual autobiography, with little else that resembles her actual life. She wrote more than two dozen books, nineteen of which were published. Two were autobiographies, one a travel journal, and two became feature-length movies, the best known was I'd Climb the Highest Mountain, released in 1951 and inspired by, A Circuit Rider's Wife. The other was the 1920 film Husbands and Wives. She published over 200 articles and short stories, and well over a thousand book reviews. She was one of the first women war correspondents to go abroad in World War I. She lived the last two decades of her life at the place she named In the Valley in Bartow County, Georgia. She wrote lovingly of "The Valley" where she lived as early as 1914.

Although she became famous for her fiction, Harris's reputation for reactionary conservatism lasted throughout her life and became part of her contradictory legacy. Such a reputation resulted in part from her first nationally published piece in 1899. After the lynching of Thomas Wilkes, alias Sam Hose, near Newnan, Georgia, William Hayes Ward, editor-in-chief at the Independent, published an editorial denouncing the act. Harris wrote and the Independent published "A Southern Woman's View", a reply upholding the southern practice of lynching with reasoning anti-lynching activist Ida B. Wells-Barnett (Ida B. Wells) called "threadbare", namely to protect innocent white women from malevolent black men. Editors at the Independent asked Harris for more, which launched her writing career. Afterward, she wrote several non-fiction essays on southern identity that furthered conventional images of southerners during the first decade of the century. They also tied her reputation then and after to regional apologia (apologists), an image that belies the complexity of her body of work.

After A Circuit Rider's Wife was published in 1910, Harris wrote and published prolifically, both fiction and non-fiction, throughout the nineteen-teens. During the 1920s, her most successful works were two autobiographies published in the middle of the decade. By the early 1930s Harris's publishing was limited largely to local areas. The last four years of her life, from 1931 to 1935, she published what critics have called some of her best writing in a tri-weekly "Candlelit Column" in the Atlanta Journal. Some critics have dismissed Harris's fiction as domestic or sentimental, but others find nuanced social and cultural critique in her works, especially of the South's gender and racial mores.

Harris died in Atlanta, February 7, 1935.

Works

 * (1904). The Jessica Letters, in collaboration with Paul Elmer More.
 * (1910). A Circuit Rider's Wife.
 * (1910). Eve's Second Husband.
 * (1912). The Recording Angel.
 * (1913). In Search of a Husband.
 * (1915). The Co-Citizens.
 * (1915). Justice.
 * (1916). A Circuit Rider's Widow.
 * (1918). Making Her His Wife.
 * (1919). From Sunup to Sundown.
 * (1919). In Search of a Husband.
 * (1920). Happily Married.
 * (1921). My Son.
 * (1922). The Eyes of Love.
 * (1923). A Daughter of Adam.
 * (1923). The House of Helen.
 * (1924). My Book and My Heart.
 * (1925). As a Woman Thinks.
 * (1926). Flapper Anne.
 * (1927). The Happy Pilgrimage.

Selected articles

 * (1914). "New York as Seen from a Georgia Valley: In the Valley," The Independent 77, pp. 97–99.
 * (1914). "The Abomination of Cities," The Independent 77, pp. 129–131.
 * (1914). "Men and Women: And the 'Woman Question'," The Independent 77, pp. 164–165.
 * (1914). "Marriage: New Profession or Old Miracle?," The Independent 77, pp. 234–235.
 * (1914). "The Streets of the City," The Independent 77, pp. 306–308.
 * (1914). "How New York Amuses Itself," The Independent 77, pp. 374–376.
 * (1914). "The Literary Spectrum of New York," The Independent 77, pp. 441–443.
 * (1914). "If You Must Come to New York," The Independent 78, pp. 29–32.
 * (1914). "The Valley: After New York," The Independent 79, pp. 63–65.
 * (1915). "From the Peace Zone in the Valley," The Independent 81, pp. 190–192.
 * (1915). "War and Bride in June," The Independent 81, p. 506.
 * (1916). "Why We Should Read Books," The Independent 85, pp. 117–118.
 * (1916). "What Men Know About Women," The Independent 85, p. 379.
 * (1916). "June Brides," The Independent 85, p. 377.
 * (1916). "The Woman of Yesterday," The Independent 85, pp. 484.
 * (1916). "In the Valley," The Independent 87, pp. 123–124.
 * (1916). "Politics and Prayers in the Valley," The Independent 87, pp. 135–136.
 * (1917). "War Time in the Valley," The Independent 91, p. 471.
 * (1919). "Was Eve a Feminist?," The Independent 97, p. 338.

Short stories

 * (1912). "Jeff," The Independent 73, pp. 714–724.
 * (1913). "On the Instalment Plan," Harper's Monthly Magazine, Vol. CXXVII, pp. 342–353.
 * (1915). "The Other People," Harper's Monthly Magazine, Vol. CXXVII, pp. 54–57.

title: Corra Mae Harris


text:
List of schools in the Dominican Republic

 * Saint George School https://stgeorge.do/
 * Brilliant Minds School https://bms.edu.do
 * Dominica Website 1
 * New Horizons Bilingual School Website 2
 * Colegio Bilingue Centro de Estudios Delin www.centrodelin.com 3
 * Jarabacoa Christian School (http://www.jcs.com.do/education/index.php/en/) 4
 * Baby's First School Facebook 5
 * St. Mary's School Website 6
 * The Community for Learning school 7
 * Colegio Buena Vista Website 8
 * Colegio Senderos website 9
 * SOS Santiago Primary School 10
 * SOS Los Mina Primary School 11
 * Escuela Parroquial Santa Rita 12
 * Carol Morgan School 14
 * SEK Las Americas 15
 * Cemep 16
 * Saint Michael’s School 17
 * Saint Joseph School 18
 * CONSA 19
 * International School of Sosua 20
 * Notre Dame School of Santo Domingo 21
 * Colegio Arrollo Hondo 22
 * Colegio Cardenal Sancha 23
 * Colegio Ronda Infantil 24
 * Colegio San Juan Bautista de la Salle 25
 * Colegio Santa Clara 26
 * Colegio Quisqueya 27
 * Colegio Dominicano de La Salle 28
 * Colegio Cristiano Ministerios Be-tel 29
 * Americas Bicultural School (ABC) 30
 * Colegio Serafin de Asis 31
 * Colegio del Apostolado Website 32
 * Colegio Baby Care Center Tia Ury 33
 * Colegio Mi Colegio 34
 * Colegio Loyola de Santo Domingo 35
 * MI-EL Christian School 36
 * Colegio San Judas Tadeo 37
 * Colegio Pre-Universitario Lux Mundi 38
 * Colegio Babeque Secundaria Website 39
 * Colegio Bilingue Nuevo Horisons/Grazyna School 40
 * Saint Thomas School 41
 * Saint Patrick School 42
 * Centro Educativo los Prados (CELP) Website 43
 * Centro Educativo Amador 44
 * Colegio Santo Domingo 45
 * The Ashton School 46
 * Colegio Calasanz 47
 * King's Christian School 48
 * Colegio Domínico-Americano 49
 * American School of Santo Domingo 50
 * Instituto Montessori 51
 * Colegio San Rafael 52
 * The Cathedral School of Santo Domingo Website 53
 * Centro De Formacion Don Mattt 54
 * La Vega Christian School (www.lavegachristianschool.com) 55
 * Colegio Peces Centro Montessori 56
 * Colegio Cristiano Genesis 57
 * Doulos Discovery School Facebook 58
 * American Christian School (Dominican Republic) 59
 * Instituto Técnico Salesiano (ITESA) 60
 * O&M Hostos School of (Puerto Plata) Website 61
 * Colegio Taller Victoria Montás (CTVM) 62
 * St.Martin primary school (big section)
 * St.Martin primary school (small section)
 * S.M.P school

The Do

 * American School of Santo Domingo
 * Lycée Français de Saint Domingue (French school)
 * Colegio Cristiano Adonai


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100,000,000

100,000,000 (one hundred million) is the natural number following 99,999,999 and preceding 100,000,001.

In scientific notation, it is written as 108.

East Asian languages treat 100,000,000 as a counting unit, significant as the square of a myriad, also a counting unit. In Chinese, Korean, and Japanese respectively it is yi (or  in ancient texts), eok (억/億) and oku (億). These languages do not have single words for a thousand to the second, third, fifth powers, etc.

100,000,000 is also the fourth power of 100 and also the square of 10000.

100,000,001 to 199,999,999

 * 100,000,007 = smallest nine digit prime
 * 100,005,153 = smallest triangular number with 9 digits and the 14,142nd triangular number
 * 100,020,001 = 100012, palindromic square
 * 100,544,625 = 4653, the smallest 9-digit cube
 * 102,030,201 = 101012, palindromic square
 * 102,334,155 = Fibonacci number
 * 102,400,000 = 405
 * 104,060,401 = 102012 = 1014, palindromic square
 * 104,636,890 = number of trees with 25 unlabeled nodes
 * 105,413,504 = 147
 * 107,890,609 = Wedderburn-Etherington number
 * 111,111,111 = repunit, square root of 12345678987654321
 * 111,111,113 = Chen prime, Sophie Germain prime, cousin prime.
 * 113,379,904 = 106482 = 4843 = 226
 * 115,856,201 = 415
 * 119,481,296 = logarithmic number
 * 120,528,657 = number of centered hydrocarbons with 27 carbon atoms
 * 121,242,121 = 110112, palindromic square
 * 122,522,400 = least number $$m$$ such that $$\frac{\sigma(m)}{m} > 5$$, where $$\sigma(m)$$ = sum of divisors of m
 * 123,454,321 = 111112, palindromic square
 * 123,456,789 = smallest zeroless base 10 pandigital number
 * 125,686,521 = 112112, palindromic square
 * 126,390,032 = number of 34-bead necklaces (turning over is allowed) where complements are equivalent
 * 126,491,971 = Leonardo prime
 * 129,140,163 = 317
 * 129,145,076 = Leyland number
 * 129,644,790 = Catalan number
 * 130,150,588 = number of 33-bead binary necklaces with beads of 2 colors where the colors may be swapped but turning over is not allowed
 * 130,691,232 = 425
 * 134,217,728 = 5123 = 89 = 227
 * 134,218,457 = Leyland number
 * 134,219,796 = number of 32-bead necklaces with 2 colors when turning over is not allowed; also number of output sequences from a simple 32-stage cycling shift register; also number of binary irreducible polynomials whose degree divides 32
 * 136,048,896 = 116642 = 1084
 * 139,854,276 = 118262, the smallest zeroless base 10 pandigital square
 * 142,547,559 = Motzkin number
 * 147,008,443 = 435
 * 148,035,889 = 121672 = 5293 = 236
 * 157,115,917 – number of parallelogram polyominoes with 24 cells.
 * 157,351,936 = 125442 = 1124
 * 164,916,224 = 445
 * 165,580,141 = Fibonacci number
 * 167,444,795 = cyclic number in base 6
 * 170,859,375 = 157
 * 171,794,492 = number of reduced trees with 36 nodes
 * 177,264,449 = Leyland number
 * 179,424,673 = 10,000,000th prime number
 * 184,528,125 = 455
 * 185,794,560 = double factorial of 18
 * 188,378,402 = number of ways to partition {1,2,...,11} and then partition each cell (block) into subcells.
 * 190,899,322 = Bell number
 * 191,102,976 = 138242 = 5763 = 246
 * 192,622,052 = number of free 18-ominoes
 * 199,960,004 = number of surface-points of a tetrahedron with edge-length 9999

200,000,000 to 299,999,999

 * 200,000,002 = number of surface-points of a tetrahedron with edge-length 10000
 * 205,962,976 = 465
 * 210,295,326 = Fine number
 * 211,016,256 = number of primitive polynomials of degree 33 over GF(2)
 * 212,890,625 = 1-automorphic number
 * 214,358,881 = 146412 = 1214 = 118
 * 222,222,222 = repdigit
 * 222,222,227 = safe prime
 * 223,092,870 = the product of the first nine prime numbers, thus the ninth primorial
 * 225,058,681 = Pell number
 * 225,331,713 = self-descriptive number in base 9
 * 229,345,007 = 475
 * 232,792,560 = superior highly composite number; colossally abundant number; smallest number divisible by the numbers from 1 to 22
 * 240,882,152 = number of signed trees with 16 nodes
 * 244,140,625 = 156252 = 1253 = 256 = 512
 * 244,389,457 = Leyland number
 * 244,330,711 = n such that n | (3n + 5)
 * 245,492,244 = number of 35-bead necklaces (turning over is allowed) where complements are equivalent
 * 252,648,992 = number of 34-bead binary necklaces with beads of 2 colors where the colors may be swapped but turning over is not allowed
 * 253,450,711 = Wedderburn-Etherington prime
 * 254,803,968 = 485
 * 260,301,176 = number of 33-bead necklaces with 2 colors when turning over is not allowed; also number of output sequences from a simple 33-stage cycling shift register; also number of binary irreducible polynomials whose degree divides 33
 * 267,914,296 = Fibonacci number
 * 268,435,456 = 163842 = 1284 = 167 = 414 = 228
 * 268,436,240 = Leyland number
 * 268,473,872 = Leyland number
 * 272,400,600 = the number of terms of the harmonic series required to pass 20
 * 275,305,224 = the number of magic squares of order 5, excluding rotations and reflections
 * 279,793,450 = number of trees with 26 unlabeled nodes
 * 282,475,249 = 168072 = 495 = 710
 * 292,475,249 = Leyland number

300,000,000 to 399,999,999

 * 308,915,776 = 175762 = 6763 = 266
 * 309,576,725 = number of centered hydrocarbons with 28 carbon atoms
 * 312,500,000 = 505
 * 321,534,781 = Markov prime
 * 331,160,281 = Leonardo prime
 * 333,333,333 = repdigit
 * 336,849,900 = number of primitive polynomials of degree 34 over GF(2)
 * 345,025,251 = 515
 * 350,238,175 = number of reduced trees with 37 nodes
 * 362,802,072 – number of parallelogram polyominoes with 25 cells
 * 364,568,617 = Leyland number
 * 365,496,202 = n such that n | (3n + 5)
 * 367,567,200 = colossally abundant number, superior highly composite number
 * 380,204,032 = 525
 * 381,654,729 = the only polydivisible number that is also a zeroless pandigital number
 * 387,420,489 = 196832 = 7293 = 276 = 99 = 318 and in tetration notation 29
 * 387,426,321 = Leyland number

400,000,000 to 499,999,999

 * 400,080,004 = 200022, palindromic square
 * 400,763,223 = Motzkin number
 * 404,090,404 = 201022, palindromic square
 * 404,204,977 = number of prime numbers having ten digits
 * 405,071,317 = 11 + 22 + 33 + 44 + 55 + 66 + 77 + 88 + 99
 * 410,338,673 = 177
 * 418,195,493 = 535
 * 429,981,696 = 207362 = 1444 = 128 = 100,000,00012 AKA a gross-great-great-gross (10012 great-great-grosses)
 * 433,494,437 = Fibonacci prime, Markov prime
 * 442,386,619 = alternating factorial
 * 444,101,658 = number of (unordered, unlabeled) rooted trimmed trees with 27 nodes
 * 444,444,444 = repdigit
 * 455,052,511 = number of primes under 1010
 * 459,165,024 = 545
 * 467,871,369 = number of triangle-free graphs on 14 vertices
 * 477,353,376 = number of 36-bead necklaces (turning over is allowed) where complements are equivalent
 * 477,638,700 = Catalan number
 * 479,001,599 = factorial prime
 * 479,001,600 = 12!
 * 481,890,304 = 219522 = 7843 = 286
 * 490,853,416 = number of 35-bead binary necklaces with beads of 2 colors where the colors may be swapped but turning over is not allowed
 * 499,999,751 = Sophie Germain prime

500,000,000 to 599,999,999

 * 503,284,375 = 555
 * 505,294,128 = number of 34-bead necklaces with 2 colors when turning over is not allowed; also number of output sequences from a simple 34-stage cycling shift register; also number of binary irreducible polynomials whose degree divides 34
 * 522,808,225 = 228652, palindromic square
 * 535,828,591 = Leonardo prime
 * 536,870,911 = third composite Mersenne number with a prime exponent
 * 536,870,912 = 229
 * 536,871,753 = Leyland number
 * 542,474,231 = k such that the sum of the squares of the first k primes is divisible by k.
 * 543,339,720 = Pell number
 * 550,731,776 = 565
 * 554,999,445 = a Kaprekar constant for digit length 9 in base 10
 * 555,555,555 = repdigit
 * 574,304,985 = 19 + 29 + 39 + 49 + 59 + 69 + 79 + 89 + 99
 * 575,023,344 = 14-th derivative of xx at x=1
 * 594,823,321 = 243892 = 8413 = 296
 * 596,572,387 = Wedderburn-Etherington prime

600,000,000 to 699,999,999

 * 601,692,057 = 575
 * 612,220,032 = 187
 * 617,323,716 = 248462, palindromic square
 * 635,318,657 = the smallest number that is the sum of two fourth powers in two different ways (59$4$ + 158$4$ = 133$4$ + 134$4$), of which Euler was aware.
 * 644,972,544 = 8643, 3-smooth number
 * 654,729,075 = double factorial of 19
 * 656,356,768 = 585
 * 666,666,666 = repdigit
 * 670,617,279 = highest stopping time integer under 109 for the Collatz conjecture

700,000,000 to 799,999,999

 * 701,408,733 = Fibonacci number
 * 714,924,299 = 595
 * 715,497,037 = number of reduced trees with 38 nodes
 * 715,827,883 = Wagstaff prime, Jacobsthal prime
 * 725,594,112 = number of primitive polynomials of degree 36 over GF(2)
 * 729,000,000 = 270002 = 9003 = 306
 * 742,624,232 = number of free 19-ominoes
 * 751,065,460 = number of trees with 27 unlabeled nodes
 * 774,840,978 = Leyland number
 * 777,600,000 = 605
 * 777,777,777 = repdigit
 * 778,483,932 = Fine number
 * 780,291,637 = Markov prime
 * 787,109,376 = 1-automorphic number
 * 797,790,928 = number of centered hydrocarbons with 29 carbon atoms

800,000,000 to 899,999,999

 * 810,810,000 = smallest number with exactly 1000 factors
 * 815,730,721 = 138
 * 815,730,721 = 1694
 * 835,210,000 = 1704
 * 837,759,792 – number of parallelogram polyominoes with 26 cells.
 * 844,596,301 = 615
 * 855,036,081 = 1714
 * 875,213,056 = 1724
 * 887,503,681 = 316
 * 888,888,888 – repdigit
 * 893,554,688 = 2-automorphic number
 * 893,871,739 = 197
 * 895,745,041 = 1734

900,000,000 to 999,999,999

 * 906,150,257 = smallest counterexample to the Polya conjecture
 * 916,132,832 = 625
 * 923,187,456 = 303842, the largest zeroless pandigital square
 * 928,772,650 = number of 37-bead necklaces (turning over is allowed) where complements are equivalent
 * 929,275,200 = number of primitive polynomials of degree 35 over GF(2)
 * 942,060,249 = 306932, palindromic square
 * 981,706,832 = number of 35-bead necklaces with 2 colors when turning over is not allowed; also number of output sequences from a simple 35-stage cycling shift register; also number of binary irreducible polynomials whose degree divides 35
 * 987,654,321 = largest zeroless pandigital number
 * 992,436,543 = 635
 * 997,002,999 = 9993, the largest 9-digit cube
 * 999,950,884 = 316222, the largest 9-digit square
 * 999,961,560 = largest triangular number with 9 digits and the 44,720th triangular number
 * 999,999,937 = largest 9-digit prime number
 * 999,999,999 = repdigit

title: 100,000,000


text:
Chapin A. Harris

Chapin Aaron Harris A.M., MD, D.D.S. (May 6, 1806 in Pompey, N.Y. – September 29, 1860 in Baltimore, Maryland) was an American physician and dentist and dentistry school founder.

Education
At the age of 17 Harris studied medicine in Madison, Ohio, in the office of his brother, Dr. John Harris, who also tutored him in dentistry, a subject which become his main interest. He subsequently passed the Board of Medical Censors in 1824 and was licensed to practice medicine. He soon commenced practice in Greenfield, Ohio, where he remained for about one year, travelling to Bloomfield, Ohio, then Fredericksburg, Virginia. In 1828, Dr. Harris turned to full-time dentistry, and by 1833 was a student of Dr. Horace H. Hayden located in Baltimore, Maryland. Licensed by the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, Harris conducted an itinerant dental practice throughout the South, before settling permanently in Baltimore in 1835.

Harris received the honorary M. D. degree from Washington Medical College at Baltimore, in which he was a professor in 1838. Shurtleff College in Alton, Illinois, conferred an A.M. degree on him in 1842. His D.D.S. was obtained through membership of the American Society of Dental Surgeons, and an honorary D.D.S. degree was conferred upon him by the Philadelphia Dental College in 1854.

Achievements
Harris is considered one of the founding members of the profession of Dentistry in the United States of America, father of American dental science, and a pioneer of dental journalism. He has been inducted in the hall of fame of the Pierre Fauchard Academy.

Contribution to dental literature
As early as 1835 Harris became an active contributor to medical and periodical literature as one of the most vigorous and productive dental writers, causing him to be regarded as the founder of dental literature in the US. He was also a contributor to medical and periodical literature.

 * 1839: Publication of his first book, The Dental Art, a Practical Treatise on Dental Surgery.
 * 1845: Second edition of the above book with a new title: Principles and Practice of Dental Surgery. The book was edited 11 more times with the last edition in 1896. It was the most useful dental textbook of the 19th century.
 * 1840: Founder, first chief editor and publisher of the world first dental periodical, the American Journal of Dental Science. He continued as editor until his death in 1860.
 * 1842: Publication of Diseases of the Maxillary Sinus.
 * 1849: Publication of the Dictionary of Dental Surgery, Biography, Bibliography and Medical Terminology, a volume of 779 pages, the first dental dictionary in the English language, the sixth edition of which appeared in 1898.

First national dental organization
In 1840 he was the first to respond to the call of Dr. Horace H. Hayden to organize the American Society of Dental Surgeons (ASDS). At a meeting at the home of Solyman Brown BA, MA, MD, DDS, in New York, it was on his motion that the convention to organize a society "resolved that a National Society be formed." He was its first corresponding secretary and its president in 1844. After the disruption of the society in 1856 due to the dental amalgam controversy, he was one of the foremost organizers of its successor, the American Dental Convention, serving as its president in 1856–57. In 1859, a year before his death, another national dental organization, the American Dental Association, was established during a meeting in Niagara, New York. Before 1861 dentists were participant in both dental organizations, which promoted education and research in all aspects of dentistry, including dental materials and remained active throughout the American Civil War (1861–1865). However, during the war, Southern dentists withdrew from them and, in 1869 established the Southern Dental Association. The Southern Dental Association merged with the ADA in 1897 to form the National Dental Association (NDA). The NDA was renamed the American Dental Association (ADA) in 1922.

First dental college in the United States
With the assistance and advice of three other physicians, he worked tirelessly to establish the first dental school in the world. Apparently his initial attempt was to establish a dental training school attached to the Medical Department of the University of Maryland. This first attempt did not meet with success, possibly due to the opposition of Dr. H. Willis Baxley, one of the dental faculty.

Undaunted, Harris persevered in his efforts, and during the winter of 1839–40, almost single-handedly he gathered the signatures of representative citizens for a petition to the legislature of the state of Maryland for the incorporation of a College of Dental Surgery at Baltimore. Surmounting the opposition of jealous medical rivals, he successfully managed to obtain the charter and with the aid of Horace H. Hayden, Thomas E. Bond, H. Willis Baxley, S. Brown, E. Parmly and others, he organized the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery in 1840. He was the school's first dean and professor of practical dentistry. After Hayden's death in 1844, he became the school's second president.

The establishment of the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery is seen as one of the three crucial steps in the foundation of the dental profession in the United States. " A true profession is built upon a tripod: a formal organization, formal professional education, and a formal scientific literature. The United States was the leader in all three. In 1839–40, the American Society of Dental Surgeons was organized, the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery was established, and the first dental journal in the world, the American Journal of Dental Science, was founded. At that time there were only about three hundred trained and scientific dentists in the entire country; the rest were relatively untrained operators, outright quacks, or charlatans. In 1898, a list of the first subscribers to the first journal was discovered and published by G. V. Black. These initial subscribers may be considered the core group of truly professional American dentists. They became the leaders of the newly born profession of dentistry. " Harris was instrumental in all three.

Harris died on September 29, 1860, due mainly to overwork.

title: Chapin A. Harris


text:
File:Invaders from Mars (Doctor Who).jpg

Summary
Big Finish Doctor Who 28 - Invaders from Mars cover by Clayton Hickman.

Fair use in Invaders from Mars (Doctor Who audio)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.


text: File:Audio Lessonover-.jpeg

title: File:Audio Lessonover-.jpeg


text:
Luis Perea

Luis Perea may refer to:

 * Luis Carlos Perea (born 1963), Colombian football centre-back
 * Luis Amaranto Perea (born 1979), Colombian football manager and former defender
 * Luis Alberto Perea (born 1986), Colombian football striker, and son of Luis Carlos Perea
 * Luis Perea (footballer, born 1997), Spanish football midfielder

title: Luis Perea


text:
Midlands Gold

Midlands Gold Westmeath was an Independent Local Radio service in Ireland, broadcasting to County Westmeath. It was an opt-out from Midlands 103 (formerly Midlands Radio 3), the ILR contractor for counties Westmeath. Laois, and Offaly, and broadcast from studios in Athlone (95.4FM) and Mullingar (96.5FM). It was operated as part of Midlands 103's sound broadcasting contract from the Broadcasting Commission of Ireland.

Its studios were located in Harbour Place Shopping Centre in Mullingar and at Broadcast Centre, Monksland, Athlone.

It was a community-driven local radio service for the people of County Westmeath.

title: Midlands Gold


text: User talk:81.155.239.56

title: User talk:81.155.239.56


text:
Electric mandolin

The electric mandolin is an instrument tuned and played as the mandolin and amplified in similar fashion to an electric guitar. As with electric guitars, electric mandolins take many forms. Most common is a carved-top eight-string instrument fitted with an electric pickup in similar fashion to many archtop semi-acoustic guitars. Solid body mandolins are common in 4-, 5-, and 8-string forms. Acoustic electric mandolins also exist in many forms.

History
Electric mandolins were built in the United States as early as the late 1920s. Among the first companies to produce them were Stromberg-Voisinet, Electro (which later became Rickenbacker), Vivi-Tone, and National. Gibson and Vega introduced their electric mandolins in 1936.

In the United States, luthier/inventor Paul Bigsby began building solid-body electric mandolins (technically, they consisted of a solid wood core housing the electronics, with hollow wings forming the body) in 1949. His first one had ten strings and was built for Al Giddings. Bigsby's most famous mandolin, built in 1952, was owned and played by Western swing musician Tiny Moore. This instrument had five single courses rather than the more common four double courses, and was patterned after a similar instrument built by Jim Harvey of La Jolla, California, for a player named Scotty Broyles. Gibson and Rickenbacker introduced solid-body eight-string mandolins in the 1950s, while Fender followed the single-course idea with its four-string version.

A related instrument, the Bahian guitar, was developed in Brazil beginning in the 1940s by musicians Adolfo Antônio do Nascimento (Dodô) and Osmar Álvares Macedo (Osmar). Bahian guitars typically have a solid body and four or five strings tuned in fifths, but are considered to be electric versions of the cavaquinho rather than the mandolin which is why they used to be called originally electric cavaquinho (or cavaquinho elétrico in Portuguese). Virtuoso mandolin player Armandinho (Armando Macedo), son of Osmar, one of the inventors of the "trio eletrico," the moving stage that gave an identity to Carnival in Bahia, Brazil, added the fifth string to the Bahian Guitar and named it so. The Bahian Guitar evolved and is played in a very different way from the electric mandolins in the United States.

Solid-body electric mandolins
Both four-string single-course and eight-string double-course solid body mandolins have been produced by several makers, as well as five-string models combining the tonal ranges of the mandola and mandolin.

From 1956 to 1976, Fender produced a four-string version, the Fender Electric Mandolin with a body shape was based loosely on the Stratocaster, popularly nicknamed the "Mandocaster". In 2013, Fender reissued it as the Mando-Strat in both four- and eight-string models.

Gibson manufactured the EM-200 solid-body electric mandolin from 1954 to 1971. They recently produced a solid-body mandolin known as the Mandobird, based on the Gibson Firebird body and sold under the Epiphone label, in both four- and eight-string versions.

Eastwood Guitars manufactures a solid-body eight-string electric mandolin as the "Mandocaster" with a Telecaster-style body and two single-coil pickups, as well as a four-string Mandostang as part of their line of Warren Ellis-endorsed instruments.

Players
While the electric mandolin has increased in popularity along with its acoustic cousin, there are still relatively few recordings featuring it as a lead instrument on more than a song or two. The following artists have issued full-length recordings prominently featuring an electric mandolin throughout:
 * Armandinho Macedo (Brazilian Music/Choro/Trio Elétrico Music)
 * Tiny Moore (Western swing)
 * Yank Rachell (blues)
 * John Kruth (eclectic instrumental folk/rock/jazz)
 * Mark Heard (singer-songwriter/Americana)
 * Michael Kang/String Cheese Incident (jam band)
 * Uppalapu Srinivas (Carnatic Classical Music)
 * Warren Ellis (alternative rock/folk)
 * Nash the Slash (rock/electronica)
 * Kevin Jonas (rock/pop)
 * Ben Mink (rock/pop)
 * Charles O'Connor of Horslips (celtic rock)
 * Sierra Hull (Americana/Bluegrass)

title: Electric mandolin


text: User talk:129.215.194.206

title: User talk:129.215.194.206


text:
San Petronio, Bologna

The Basilica of San Petronio is a minor basilica and church of the Archdiocese of Bologna located in Bologna, Emilia Romagna, northern Italy. It dominates Piazza Maggiore. The basilica is dedicated to the patron saint of the city, Saint Petronius, who was the bishop of Bologna in the fifth century. Construction began in 1390 and its main facade has remained unfinished since. The building was transferred from the city to the diocese in 1929; the basilica was finally consecrated in 1954. It has been the seat of the relics of Bologna's patron saint only since 2000; until then they were preserved in the Santo Stefano church of Bologna.

Construction
In 1388, the Consiglio Generale dei Seicento prepared the construction of the church as a civic temple. To make room for the church, the adjacent Curia of Sancti Ambrosii was demolished, together with the majority of one of the city's burgs, including at least eight churches and towers. The first stone of construction was laid on 7 June 1390 under the supervision of architect Antonio di Vincenzo. Works lasted for several centuries: after the completion of the first version of the facade, in 1393 the first pair of side chapels were begun. The series were completed only in 1479.

The third bay was built in 1441–1446. Its construction was delayed by the cardinal Baldassarre Cossa, who sold the construction material of the basilica and kept the money. In 1514, Arduino degli Arriguzzi was chosen as the architect to construct the dome. His proposal included a large dome resting upon the width between the side aisles, which necessitated larger transepts and apses. The project was considered too complicated, and after building the first two pillars and two triangular pylons for the dome, the work was halted. According to legend, Pope Pius IV halted the "megalomaniac dream" and instead encouraged the construction of the Archiginnasio of Bologna.

Exterior
The basilica is a large church measuring 132 metres long, 66 metres wide, and 47 metres tall, and is described as the "most imposing" church in Bologna. The facade was designed by Domenico da Varignana and started in 1538 by Giacomo Ranuzzi. However, it remains unfinished.

The main doorway (Porta Magna) was decorated by Jacopo della Quercia of Siena with scenes from the Old Testament on the pillars, eighteen prophets on the archivolt, scenes from the New Testament on the architrave, and a Madonna and Child, Saint Ambrose and Saint Petronius on the tympanum. It is flanked by two side doors, with Alfonso Lombardi's Resurrection on the left and Amico Aspertini's Deposition on the right.

The central nave covering and apse shooting were completed in 1663, designed by Girolamo Rainaldi and directed by Francesco Martini. The lower naves are enclosed by rectilinear walls. The first two windows were designed by Antonio with the assistance of Francesco di Simone, Domenico da Milano, Pagno di Lapo Portigiani and Antonio di Simone. The bell tower was designed by Giovanni da Brensa and built between 1481 and 1487.

Interior
The interior houses a Madonna with Saints by Lorenzo Costa the Younger, and a Pietà by Amico Aspertini.

Main altar
The altar contains a 15th-century wooden crucifix. At the back, a fresco of the Madonna with St. Petronio by Marcantonio Franceschini and Luigi Quaini, cartoons by Cignani (1672). The ciborium of the main altar was built in 1547 by Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola.

The fifteenth-century wooden choir was completed by Agostino de 'Marchi. The vaulting and decoration of the central nave is by Girolamo Rainaldi, who completed them in 1646–1658.

Side chapels
The nave contains twenty-two side chapels:

 * 1) Chapel of St. Abbondio, formerly of the Dieci di Balia – restored in neo-Gothic style in 1865. In this chapel, in the year 1530, Emperor Charles V was crowned by Pope Clement VII.
 * 2) Chapel of St. Petronio, once of the Cospi and Aldrovandi families, designed by Alfonso Torreggiani, designed to contain the relic of the head of San Petronio.
 * 3) Chapel of St. Ivo, Formerly of the family of San Brigida dei Foscherari: it has statues of Angelo Piò and the paintings of the Madonna of St. Luke and Saints Emidio and Ivo by Gaetano Gandolfi and Apparition of the Virgin to St. Francesca Romana by Alessandro Tiarini (1615). On the pillar, two clocks, one of the first made in Italy with the correction of the pendulum (1758).
 * 4) Chapel of the Magi, once of Bolognini family: its marble Gothic balustrade designed by Antonio di Vincenzo (1400); the Triptych wooden altar with twenty-seven figures carved and painted by Jacopo di Paolo. The walls were painted by Giovanni di Pietro Falloppi/Giovanni da Modena with a cycle depicting the Episodes in the life of San Petronio, the back wall, right wall, Stories of the Three Kings; the left wall, at the top, The Last Judgment with the Coronation of the Virgin in oval, and the controversial Heaven and Hell, Dante's depiction of the places, with a gigantic figure of Lucifer.
 * 5) Chapel of St. Sebastian, once of Vaselli family.
 * 6) Chapel of St. Vincent Ferrer, formerly of the Griffoni, and Cospi-Ranuzzi families: bronze monument of Cardinal Giacomo Lercaro made by Giacomo Manzù (1954).
 * 7) Chapel of St. James, formerly of the Rossi and Baciocchi families: the Madonna Enthroned on the altar was painted by Lorenzo Costa (1492), to the same author attributed the designs of the stained glass. Funeral monument containing the remains of Prince Felix Baciocchi and his wife Elisa Bonaparte (1845).
 * 8) Chapel of St. Rocco, formerly of the Ranuzzi family: it contains a Saint Roch with a Donor by Parmigianino (1527).
 * 9) Chapel of St. Michael formerly of the Barbazzi and Manzoli families: it houses a  painting of Archangel Michael defeating the Fallen Angels by Denys Calvaert (1582).
 * 10) Chapel of St. Rosalie, formerly of the Sixteen of the Senate, now the Town Hall: canvas of Glory of Santa Barbara by Tiarini.
 * 11) Chapel of St. Bernardino stands before the fifteenth-century organ case by Lorenzo da Prato, the chapel was painted in 1531 by Aspertini with Four Stories of St. Petronius.
 * 12) Chapel of the Relics, formerly of Zambeccari family.
 * 13) Chapel of St. Peter Martyr, formerly the Society of Beccari, with marble railing by Francesco di Simone (late fifteenth century);
 * 14) Chapel of St. Anthony of Padua, formerly of Saraceni and Cospi families: the statue of St. Anthony of Padua attributed to Jacopo Sansovino.
 * 15) Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, formerly of the Malvezzi Campeggi, rebuilt in the nineteenth century.
 * 16) Chapel of the Immaculate, formerly of Fantuzzi family: art nouveau decorations by Achille Casanova.
 * 17) Chapel of St. Jerome, formerly of the Castelli: the St. Jerome altar attributed to Lorenzo Costa.
 * 18) Chapel of St. Lorenzo, formerly of the Garganelli, Ratta and Pallotti families: the Pieta was painted by Aspertini.
 * 19) Chapel of the Cross, formerly of the Notai: with devotional frescoes depicting Saints by Francesco Lola, Giovanni Pietro Falloppi and Pietro Lianori (XV). The window was made by Blessed Fra Giacomo di Ulm designed by Michele di Matteo da Bologna.
 * 20) Chapel of St. Ambrose, formerly of the Marsili, with a fresco in the style of Vivarini (mid-15th  century).
 * 21) Chapel of St. Bridget, formerly of the Pepoli: polyptych by Tomas Garelli (1477).
 * 22) Chapel of Our Lady of Peace: Madonna in Istrian stone by Giovanni Ferabech (1394).

Music
Bologna was a principal centre of Baroque music in Italy. The musical organisation had been officially instituted by Pope Eugenius IV in 1436; the first regularly paid instrumentalists were added in the late sixteenth century, and in the seventeenth century San Petronio was renowned for its sacred instrumental and choral music, with its two great organs, completed in 1476 by Lorenzo da Prato and 1596 by Baldassarre Malamini, both still in remarkably original condition; the library remains a rich archival repository. Three successive maestri di cappella marked the great age of music at San Petronio: Maurizio Cazzati (1657–71), Giovanni Paolo Colonna (1674–95) and Giacomo Antonio Perti (1696–1756). The current maestro, since 1996, is the harpsichordist Sergio Vartolo who has revitalised the cappella with a series of recordings for Naxos, Tactus, Brilliant Classics and Bongiovanni.

Cassini's Meridian Line
The church hosts also a marking in the form of a meridian line inlaid in the paving of the left aisle in 1655; it was calculated and designed by the astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini, who was teaching astronomy at the University. A meridian line does not indicate the time: instead, with its length of 66.8 m it is one of the largest astronomical instruments in the world, allowing measurements that were for the time uniquely precise. The sun light, entering through a 27.07 mm hole placed at a 27.07 m height in the church wall, projects an elliptical image of the sun, which at local noon falls exactly on the meridian line and every day is different as to position and size. The position of the projected image along the line allows to determine accurately the daily altitude of the sun at noon, from which Cassini was able to calculate with unprecedented precision astronomical parameters such as the obliquity of the ecliptic, the duration of the tropical year and the timing of equinoxes and solstices. On the other hand, the size of the projected sun's image, and in particular its rate of variation during the year, allowed Cassini the first experimental verification of Kepler's laws of planetary motion.

Cassini and Domenico Guglielmini published an illustrated account of how the meridian line was accomplished in 1695.

Terror threat
In 2002 five men were arrested on suspicions of planning to blow up the basilica. The men were allegedly connected to Al Qaeda. Again in 2006, plans by Islamist terrorists to destroy the Basilica were thwarted by Italian police. The terrorists planned to destroy the church because one of the chapels features a 15th-century fresco, painted by Giovanni da Modena and based on Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, depicting Muhammad in the eighth circle of Hell, in a section reserved for religious schismatics, being tortured and devoured by demons.

title: San Petronio, Bologna


text:
On-ride camera

An on-ride camera is a camera mounted alongside the track of a roller coaster, log flume or other thrill ride that automatically photographs all of the riders on each passing vehicle. They are often mounted at the most intense or fastest part of the ride, resulting in humorously distorted expressions due to fear or wind resistance. The pictures are then available for viewing and purchase as a souvenir.

Upon exiting the ride, park guests pass a booth or shop where their vehicle's pictures are on display screens. Depending on the size of the vehicle used by the attraction, the entire car or groups of one, two, or four may comprise one photograph. The display images are numbered, and customers wishing to purchase a photo take the appropriate number to a cashier. This photo shop may be located in the same building as the displays or in a separate shop nearby. Many parks offer minimal editing tools (such as red-eye effect removal) before purchase. The photo is usually ready within minutes of purchase. Single prints in varying sizes are available, provided in cardboard folio bearing the name of the park or ride. Often specialty products, such as posters, keychains or t-shirts, are available also.

An unusual camera configuration can be found on the hydraulically launched roller coasters Top Thrill Dragster at Cedar Point and Kingda Ka at Six Flags Great Adventure. Both had two cameras (Kingda Ka's second on-ride camera has since been removed), one during the high-speed launch segment and another at the final brake run, providing riders with a before and after picture of themselves on those harrowing rides. Another unusual configuration is Hydra the Revenge at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom. The ride features two cameras; one takes a rider's picture before a loop and the other takes a picture while the rider is upside-down. Hydra the Revenge is, along with Mine Blower at Fun Spot America Kissimme, one of the few roller coasters to take a picture while the rider is upside down.

Video
A relatively new trend in the industry is on-ride video cameras. On some rides, on-ride videos are recorded by cameras mounted alongside the track, similar to on-ride photo cameras. This provides a third person montage-style of cuts which show the train entering, passing through and then leaving the frame. Rides that use this system include SheiKra at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay, Hollywood Rip Ride Rockit at Universal Studios Florida, and Mystic Timbers at Kings Island.

Using the alternate system, videos are recorded by cameras mounted inside the ride vehicles, usually on the back of the seat in front of the subject. This provides a first-person stream of consciousness-style film, showing the riders' emotions close up from start to finish. Some coasters that use this system are Thunderhawk at Michigan's Adventure, Hollywood Rip Ride Rockit at Universal Studios Florida, Bluefire: Megacoaster at Europa-park, and Verbolten at Busch Gardens Williamsburg. FireWhip at Beto Carrero World utilizes this style; a method also previously used by Saw: The Ride and The Swarm at Thorpe Park which no longer offer the service, with the camera mounted to the seat backs.

title: On-ride camera


text: File:Touch (Delirious? album - cover art).jpg


text:
File:Chimes of Midnight.jpg

Summary
Big Finish Doctor Who 29 - Chimes of midnight cover by Clayton Hickman.

Fair use in The Chimes of Midnight
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Chimes of Midnight.jpg


text: User talk:71.133.252.146

title: User talk:71.133.252.146


text: User talk:80.4.78.208

title: User talk:80.4.78.208


text:
Talk:Cable railway

(First comment)
Melbourne used to have at least one cable tramway, and I think there are some preserved elsewhere in the world... San Francisco perhaps? Andrewa 17:32, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Aha! Yes, see Cable car (railway), San Francisco cable car system. Andrewa 17:38, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Merge proposal
Tagged (without explanation or rationale) on 24 June 2006 with this edit; closed (without archiving) 26 July with this. Archived by Moonraker12 (talk) 22:08, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

I think that a cable railway is distinct from a funicular, the former being a general means of transport thorugh a city, the latter being to overcome specific grades and usually at a uniform inclination. (Should not be merged) - Leonard G. 22:47, 25 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree with Leonard G. All funiculars are cable railways, but not all cable railways are funiculars. The major difference is that a funicular is a self-contained railway, that is the inclined portion of a funicular is the entire railways. Many non-funicular cable railways are connected to a regular non-inclined line at top and bottom. Also all funiculars are (I think) passenger carrying, while many cable railways are freight only. Keep them as separate articles with cross-links as appropriate. Gwernol 01:25, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Disagree with proposal. I also regard funiculars and cable railways as different for the reasons stated by others. There is probably a good case for the two articles to be checked and edited to make this clear and to remove any parts that do not clearly conform to the distinct definitions, that is all. Geof Sheppard 07:09, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

This was closed on 26 July 2006 with this edit. Archived now. Moonraker12 (talk) 22:08, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

Belated comment

 * I agree with the proposal. If there is a difference between 'cable railway' and funicular railway' the difference is sufficiently small for the two terms to be handled one one page especially since there is confusion between the two by so many. It may be the two? terms are equivalents across countries. pmailkeey 2016:7:26 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.64.2.177 (talk) 11:46, 26 July 2016 (UTC)

 * Your comment, sadly, is about 10 years too late for this discussion, However if you wish to propose it again, please open a new discussion, with your rationale (this comment would do, or something fuller), at the bottom of the page. Or you may wish to join the current discussion, here. Regards, Moonraker12 (talk) 22:16, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

Article too specific
Somewhat in line with the previous comments, I think that the content of the article is far too specific for the general nature of the title.

To my mind, a cable railway is a railway where the vehicles are propelled by cable. It has nothing to do with gradient; whilst many cable railways do indeed conquer steep gradients, others are completely horizontal. We already have two articles on different specialised forms of cable railways, cable cars and funiculars. I think this article should be rewritten to cover the general case. -- Chris j wood 19:09, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

Areas for expansion
Would it be worth expanding as follows:

Setting the context, early railways/tramroads used in extractive industries (Coal, Slate) and general flow of loaded traffic was downhill to rivers, ports or canals with empty wagons returning uphill. Until the full or development of the steam locomotive the use of inclined planes with gravity balances allowed railway lines to avoid heavy engineering and access otherwise inaccessible areas.

Perhaps some reference to pioneering railways in North East England and the use of stationary engines for both haulage on the incline and level. Ie a freight cable railway going beyond the inclines.

To expand types to distinguish between Table inclines (such as that pictured at Dinorwic)where the wagon rested on a table (these being closer to Funicular's and generally for steeper inclines) and ordinary inclines where the wagon was attached directly. Recognising that table inclines might be any of gravity/water balance or powered.

Mention or link to the "Brake" or "Drumhouse" which is often one of the striking surviving features. Horizontal and vertical drums.

That said we are drifting away from the title. That is more a matter of re-titling as this is an important area.Crantock 13:42, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

Funiculars, Cable Cars & Cable Railways
Cable Cars attach and detach themselves to a continuously moving rope (definition), like the former Dunedin (NZ) Cable Car systems.
 * But while the car of a Funicular is permanently attached to the rope, which is stopped as required, do there have to be two cars counterbalancing each other?

The Funicular page says there have to be two counterbalancing cars with the one going down helping pull the other one up.
 * The Cable railway page has three categories:

So what is a passenger system called, with one car permanently attached to a cable, and hauled up and down an incline by winding and unwinding the cable from a winch? Is it a Cable Car, Cable Railway, or Funicular?
 * Cable car (railway):
 * Funicular cars permanently attached to cable
 * Cable railway for freight

In Wellington there are 200 or 300 small systems for individual houses on steep sections. Most have a steep path going up (or down) to the house too. Generally with a small open car for 2 to 4 people. And slow; it was quicker to walk up to my son’s house, as it took several (4-5) minutes to go from the bottom to the top of the section!

There must be some similar larger public or mass transit systems with only one track, and only one car which is permanently attached to the cable.

PS: Wellington also has the Wellington Cable Car which is really a Funicular but has been called a Cable Car since 1902, when it was opened! Hugo999 12:18, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

 * The term funicular, as an adjective, means: "relating to or operated by a cable" . Therefore it does not matter whether there is one unbalanced car, one car balanced by a bucket of water moving vertically in a shaft, or two balanced cars. The important thing, I would suggest, is that the cars are permanently attached to the cables.

 * These Wellington funiculars sound interesting. Got any pictures?
 * EdJogg 13:42, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

 * The Southend Cliff Railway is a single-car funicular. It uses a counterweight that rolls in guides beneath the tracks. I am sure there were more single-car examples (I was reading the Shire Album only last night!), but I didn't have time to trawl through every example on this excellent site to find any more.)

 * The Funicular railway article needs a lot of attention to allow it to reflect the existence of single-car, alternately-balanced systems.
 * EdJogg 14:10, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Other single-car examples include: Margate Lido, dismantled in 1970's; and Broadstairs, abandoned in 1991. EdJogg 01:15, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

Here is the only company website I can find, though there must be more than one company involved in Wellington (NZ)! And I think they are generally unbalanced (no counterweights). Some run on a single I-beam. Perhaps some on turning track have an internal motor, though most I think are cable-operated. They were recently re-regulated in NZ after a fatality on a private system in Nelson, and it was found that the previous requirement for inspection (by local council) had been dropped during deregulation and reorganisation. There is a New Zealand Standard for them; NZS 5270, 2005. Hugo999 14:22, 16 June 2007 (UTC) Access Automation

On the former Denniston Incline (NZ) full rail trucks of coal going down pulled the empty ones up. But the rail trucks were attached and detached to/from the cable. What is (was) it? Cable? Funicular? See: Denniston Incline Hugo999 02:15, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Great video! Looks like a fairly standard 'Gravity Balance' type, as described in the article, although they only appear to send one wagon at a time (see Cromford and High Peak Railway, where trains of wagons were moved). The main difference between cable railways and funiculars, at least as far as WP is concerned (!), is that, for the latter, the rail vehicles are permanently attached to the cable.

 * I'm sure there must have been cases where a gravity type was additionally powered by a stationary engine, or a stationary engine -type had two tracks, but we'll have to wait for others to provide examples.
 * EdJogg 12:33, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

The Wellington Cable Car is a gravity Funicular with two linked cars going up and down, and with power assist (steam then electricity) for when there were more passengers going up! Originally two parallel tracks, but now a single track with a passing loop in the middle & the cars guided by the wheel flanges onto the right loop. Like the Denniston Incline it originally also had a raised centre Fell rail for braking only (but not for traction as in a true Fell system). See Melbourne cable tramway system for details of it. Hugo999 13:18, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

Agreed then that the private 2-4 person Wellington cable cars are funiculars, so I will add as Ref. to the Funicular page; a company website but with good photos! Hugo999 04:28, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

A proposal
I'm proposing a small re-organization of articles including this one at: Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Trains. I'd be grateful for your thoughts. Please post comment to Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Trains to keep the discussion in one place. Many thanks, Gwernol 18:48, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

Turnouts?
The section on turnouts is confusing. It seems to have little to do with turnouts (points), although these are mentioned in passing. The second paragraph seems to describe a particular type of gravity working, and does not fit with the section title. Rework, please?

EdJogg (talk) 14:06, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

List
Could we have a List of cable railways? Tabletop (talk) 23:16, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

Oldest
What are the dates of the oldest cable railways? Tabletop (talk) 08:30, 17 December 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Cable railway


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User talk:JIP/Archive 4

Thank you for your vote.
I appreciate your vote in my successfull RfA. If you every need anything just ask. I hope I can live up to expectations. - Trevor MacInnis (Talk | Contribs) 00:30, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

Delete and outgrabe
Per the OED's definition of "outgrabe", I honored both classes of votes by (a) deleting the article, and (b) emitting a strange noise as I did so.

intr. A nonsense word; (most frequently) to emit a strange noise. In quot. 1903 used trans. to mean outdo (cf. OUT- 18a). The text of quot. 1855 also occurs in the first verse of ’Jabberwocky’ in Through the Looking-Glass (1871) i. 21. 1855 ‘L. CARROLL’ Rectory Umbrella & Mischmasch (1932) 139 All mimsy were the borogoves; And the mome raths outgrabe. 1876 ‘L. CARROLL’ Hunting of Snark v. 50 The Beaver had counted with scrupulous care, Attending to every word: But it fairly lost heart, and outgrabe in despair, When the third repetition occurred. 1903 Sat. Rev. 7 Feb. 164/1 Deadmanship! wrote..Dr. Shrapnel..; and the word is fit to stir the jealous admiration of Carlyle or even Lewis Carroll. Indeed Dr. Shrapnel ‘outgrabed’ them both. 1980 Econ. Jrnl. 90 227 Raj Krishna..separates 16 categories each for ‘stock’ and ‘flow’ unemployment, even without considering wage expectations. One outgrabes with despair!

Regards, Nandesuka 18:56, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

Admin
Thank you for the nomination ! I'm flattered! The curate's egg 13:35, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

Your kind thanks
''Thank you for spotting so many Candidates for Speedy Deletion. I have deleted most of them.''

I appreciate the thanks. All from New pages in the last two days. Is it always this bad? Jkelly 18:12, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, not always, but usually. Back when I was still a non-admin I could also tag almost ten articles per day as CSDs. The worst times were when the author kept reverting my changes. — J I P | Talk 18:15, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

Deletion
Hello, can you delete this image for me. It's a picture of me I used to have on my userpage, but I don't want to use it anymore and I don't want to have it go through one week listed on images for deletion where anyone can take it and use it as they please. Thanks PRueda29 21:04, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Done! — J I P | Talk 04:38, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

Thanks!!! PRueda29 01:11, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

Parhaat kaikessa
Tervehdys!

Sinä näköjään päätit "varastaa" minun Afd-nominaationi: Articles for deletion/Parhaat kaikessa. Eikä laitettaisi kaikki kolme samalle alisivulle; minusta ainakin näyttää että nämä ovat samaa roskaa jokainen. Muuten, huomasin vasta tänään että sinäkin olet suomalainen, en muista tavanneeni kovinkaan monta suomea puhuvaa ylläpitäjää en-wikissä. Onko meitä muitakin? Terveisin, jni 12:08, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
 * No odottelin ensin vähän aikaa, mutta sitten luulin että olit unohtanut kirjoittaa nominaatiot, ja tein sen puolestasi. Sitten huomasin että sinä olitkin jo tekemässä sitä ja poistin turhat nominaatiot. Eli kyseessä oli puhdas väärinkäsitys. Nykyinen ratkaisu on aivan oikea, samaa roskaahan ne kaikki ovat. En usko että täällä en-wikissä on meidän lisäksemme muita suomea puhuvia ylläpitäjiä. Ainakin minä taidan olla ainoa, jolla ei ole edes käyttäjätunnusta fi-wikissä. — J I P | Talk 12:20, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

Brookie here
Thanks for nominating me for admin - the thought is appreciated! Kind regards. :) The curate's egg 10:46, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry - me agtain - I've already thanked you once ! It's obviously been a long week - I'd better get some fresh air! :) The curate's egg 10:47, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

Impostor preemption
Since we have UTF-8 support in usernames switched on (or has it been switched off again?), you should not only consider the spelling "JlP" but also "JІP", "JIΡ", "JIР", any combination thereof, and maybe even others :-) Lupo 10:54, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

Vandal revert
Uh. Thanks. –Hajor 12:03, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

Impersonator
Yes, thanks for the block: if I were going to have a sockpuppet, I'd give it a better name. :-) Mindspillage (spill yours?) 15:22, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Good grief! I didn't realize I was so popular with the vandals. Incidentally, I'm not currently in need of any sockpuppets, so any other names of that sort aren't me and should be blocked: thanks for the heads-up. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 15:08, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

My RfA
Thanks for participating and supporting me in my RfA, I hope I will not let you down. Molotov (talk)  18:04, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for reverting 213.80.102.98's changes to my user page. Do you by chance have any idea what he wrote there? Looks like Danish to me. Just curious. :) --Pablo D. Flores (Talk) 13:21, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
 * It looks vaguely like Danish or Norwegian, but I'm not sure. I think it means something like "I am nice, greetings Dan." — J I P | Talk 13:23, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

Closing Articles for deletion/Bilişim Kulübü
I just saw that you closed this debate as a keep. I was wondering why you made this call. Thanks, Apyule 04:16, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
 * It was because User:Csw3coder rewrote the article with better contents after it had been nominated for deletion, and there were only two delete votes. If you believe I have acted wrongly, you can renominate the article for deletion. — J I P | Talk 05:05, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think that you acted wrongly, I was just interested in why you went that way. --Apyule 05:59, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

FYI: Blocked users may edit their own talk pages.
This is a newly changed setting in the software. Unfocused 15:25, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Spoo!
Spoo has just been featured! Thanks for your support! --Jeffrey O. Gustafson - Shazaam! - <*> 05:13, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

BJAODN
People add BJAODNs after the line because the link "Add to BJAODN" on the main BJAODN page adds a new section, after the line. So the line should probably go from work-in-progress BJAODNs because it messes things up.  Grue  13:49, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

Fuck the south AFD
actually i did delete, it's complicated, more info can be found at WP:VFU and at Articles for deletion/Fuck the South 2 Jtkiefer  T - 20:33, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

Journalist's RFA
I want to thank you very much for your vote on my RFA. Greatly apperciated, I owe you one! →Jo urna list >>talk<<  23:59, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

My RfA
JIP-- Thank you for your comments on my RfA. I know the past haunts everybody, and not everyone will believe me, but I have changed. Since this is the main thing concerning my RfA, what would be an appropriate time to wait after a personal attack before trying for adminship? I do have a desire to by a sysop, but no desire to abuse any power. How long will it be before I can convince you I will not make any personal attacks? You are a trusted editor in my book, and I would like to know what to do. Thank you for your time. -- Lord Vold e  mort  (Dark Mark)  18:29, 28 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your comments. As for the time required, I would say about one or two months would suffice. Certainly not much more than two months. — J I P | Talk 18:33, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

Nii, en mäkää oo kala
Darn. The extent of my Finnish amounts to...well...nothing. So I am not sure I can give a sensible answer to your comment ;-). How does 42 sound, though? Would that be sensible? Cheers. notafish }<';> 07:28, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * "Nii, en mäkää oo kala" is colloquial Finnish for "yes, I'm not a fish either". — J I P | Talk 07:29, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I had just gotten the answer. Was about to ask you: "if you're not a fish, then what are you?" Just because it's so good once to be able to ask this question rather than being asked it ;-) notafish }<';> 08:03, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, obviously I'm a human, not a fish. — J I P | Talk 08:04, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Obviously. Doh. notafish }<';> 14:53, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Thanks!
Hi, thanks for the compliments. I have had quite a lot of spare time lately, so a lot of opportunity to gain some experience. I still have a lot to learn though, but it's always nice to hear that I'm doing well. If you ever have anything you think I could improve on, please let me know! --JoanneB 17:53, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey, I just read your comment on RFA talk, wow, thanks again! I responded there but since it has been a while since you wrote that I thought I'd drop a note here as well. Anyway, for the time that I'm not an admin, I'll know where to find you if I need one ;-) Regards, --JoanneB 22:19, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Proxy test page
How does your proxy test page work? — J I P | Talk 07:06, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Jinx! I was just deleting the proxy test pages to start afresh. The general idea is that I scour the net for open proxies, try to edit the proxy test page through them, and if it works, block the living daylights out of them. --fvw *  07:08, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, OK. Thanks. — J I P | Talk 07:10, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Adminship?!
I...

adminship?

Me?

Seriously, I sat up straight and got a little jolt through my neck.

I... wow.

Thank you. Thank you. Um, can I ask why me? Why do you think I merit this?

At the very least, it'll look good on my resumé (if it goes through).

Again - thank you. DS 16:26, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * As to why I've nominated you, like it says in the nomination, I've seen you around Wikipedia often enough to know you're an experienced and active editor. — J I P | Talk 16:29, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Changing nomination process
Hi. For future adminship noms, we're changing the process - we have achieved a consensus that from now on, nominations will not be posted for discussion until after they have been accepted by the nominee and the questions have been answered. See Wikipedia talk:Requests for adminship for the scoop. -- BD2412 talk 18:34, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for letting me know. — J I P | Talk 04:57, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Deciduous
I was combing through my Contributions, so as to properly construct answers to the Three Questions, when I noticed that, in closing the debate for Deciduous Trees (mythology), you specified that you don't know what "deciduous" means.

It refers to trees that shed their leaves in autumn (as opposed to evergreens, which keep them all year round). DS 21:54, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Skyring
Just letting you know that skyring is already banned by the AC Theresa Knott (a tenth stroke) 22:58, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

NID
Hi! Yes, he probably reverted himself in the time it took me to go to the history and click on the last edit by some one else :-) I can see how my revert looks a bit pointless now! --JoanneB 10:40, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Tervehdys!
Hi, JIP!

What a wonderful thing to see your comment on BD's page! I am so fascinated by other languages. The vowel and consonant patterns really stand out. Another thing I love about Finnish is the looong words and use of vowels. When you only speak one language fluently, it is still amazing to see how words like "englanninkielisessä" stand out. (Now that is a fabulous word.)

Odotan innolla kuulumisiasi!

paul klenk talk

p.s. "Mikäli haluat tehdä yhteistyötä, ota minuun yhteys, jotta voimme keskustella ajatuksestasi." I'm not yet sure how I will make this happen, but if you are interested and care to hear what some of my goals are, do please visit my Finnish page. -- p.k.

 * Oh, by the way, if you know of a good pronunciation guide for Finnish on the Internet, let me know. I am a singer and pick these things up very quickly.  It is a great way to begin learning a language.  paul klenk talk

Joka AfD
No, satun olemaan suomalaanen, en vain pidä siitä juurikaan meteliä. Kuinka niin? - Skysmith 19:38, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Pisti vain silmään, ei täällä en-wikissä monta suomalaista ole. Olenko muuten itse ainoa, jolla ei ole käyttäjätunnusta fi-wikissä? — J I P | Talk 20:04, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * No sitten meitä on vähintään kaksi - Skysmith 11:10, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

My RFA
Sorry about that. Bit rusty with all this since I've been a way for a while. Thanks for leading me on the straight and narrow! Wikiwoohoo 15:44, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

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Talk:Christian Democratic Party (Norway)

Name confusion
I'm not from Norway, and I find it quite confusing how this party is referred to in some articles as the "Christian Democratic Party" (a common translation?) but the article name is "Christian People's Party" (a literal translation?). Template:Norwegian political parties uses "Christian Democratic Party". Some links also use the name in Norweigan. For people outside Norway, there's no way to tell the two names are for the same party. Any current/former names/translations of the party name should be mentioned in the main article, and there should be consistency in how links to the article are done. --rob 17:33, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, Kristelig Folkeparti literally means 'Christian People's Party'. However, its common to translate it to Christian Democratic Party to contextualize it. I think Christian People's Party should be used constistently, as 1) there is a real difference in meaning, 2) to avoid possible confusion with the Christian Unity Party, 3) Scandinavian Christian Democracy has a somewhat different history than in constinental Europe, thus the contextualization doesn't work to 100%. --Soman 19:10, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * As far as I see it, Christian People's Party" is a bad literal translation. And we shold use Christian Democratic Party as the party uses themselvs and is the official translation from the norweian parlament (stortinget). http://www.stortinget.no/english/alphabetic.html —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Dl (talk • contribs) 19:38, 10 January 2007 (UTC).

 * To end this name confusion, I am moving the page to "Christian Democratic Party (Norway)" which is the official English name of the party as noted above. Also, the new title is now in accordance with the naming of the other Scandinavian corresponding parties: Christian Democratic Party (Denmark), Christian Democrats (Finland), Christian Democrats (Sweden). --Tunold 00:46, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

Category:Protestant Political Parties
User:Itake removed the protestant political party category, without stating any reason. I'm reverting it, because the Christian People's Party has its roots in the protestant churches of Norway and therefore merits inclusion in this category. -- C mon 22:14, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Putting that category implies that the party is a religious party, its not, its a Christian Democratic party. Itake 22:22, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

Did you read what you just wrote. I hope you realize it makes no sense. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.5.240.166 (talk) 13:00, 9 July 2015 (UTC)

Membership
I reverted this edit. The "faith declaration clause" applies to people who want to hold positions of trust in the party, but it does not bar non-Christians from merely being members. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:12, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

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Talk:Private schools in the United Kingdom

Requested move 27 January 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. Consensus to move. Editors in favor of the move have provided evidence and policy based arguments in support of their position. (non-admin closure) BilledMammal (talk) 14:30, 17 February 2023 (UTC)

Independent school (United Kingdom) → Private schools in the United Kingdom – "Private school" is the WP:COMMONNAME in the UK. It is also consistent with the recently moved private school (see Talk:Private school). Per ngrams, it seems "independent" was more common in the past when applied to the UK, but that is not the case anymore. Google scholar also shows more results for "private school" (For England:, for UK:  ). The media also uses "private school" more frequently, for example the BBC. Even more pronounced difference in the Guardian. I am happy to discuss other options with "private school" in the title, the main issue is to move to the more common name. Vpab15 (talk) 15:35, 27 January 2023 (UTC) — Relisting. --  Dane talk  16:33, 3 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose Google is far too clumsy as a tool, especially when English variants differ over the semantics of the same words. And the links you provided show a more nuanced picture than you've set out. On the substance, "private" school has connotations which "independent" school does not: the latter is a more inclusive and broader term which better captures the variations in the different types of institution sitting under the label. And "independent" does not imply secrecy - or suggest that they are in some way inaccessible to members of the public - in the way that "private" does. Wiki-Ed (talk) 16:24, 28 January 2023 (UTC)
 * The links cearly show "private" is more common than "independent". All links agree with that. So not sure where the nuance comes from. Not sure why you say "private" implies secrecy . Never seen "private" used that way. Also, I disagree "independent" is more inclusive. It sounds as exclusive as "private" if not more. In any case that is the whole point of private schools, that not just anyone can go. Vpab15 (talk) 17:17, 28 January 2023 (UTC)
 * How does "independent" in any way sound more exclusive than "private" - they have completely different meanings. "Not just anyone can go": really? The only limitation is an entrance exam - same as a state grammar school - and to some extent funding (on the basis that bursaries are relatively limited for those who cannot afford to pay). 'Private' implies some sort of limited clique determined by class, race, political affilication, or religion. As for Google: if we trust it to pick up phrases properly (which we shouldn't) then what your search is showing is just the difference between usage of the specific phrases you selected; it does not account for other formulations or for context or the volume of literature which Google does not include in its corpus, the origin of the literature that is/is not included, nor whether that other literature ought to be weighted more favourably. I.e. it's not reliable. Wiki-Ed (talk) 21:30, 29 January 2023 (UTC)
 * The only limitation is an entrance exam - same as a state grammar school - and to some extent funding. Haha, that was really funny. According to, the average fees are £14,940 per school year. Very affordable. And you can always sell one of your Rolls-Royces to pay for it if you are a bit short of cash. More seriously, per my comment below both terms are used interchangeably. The evidence I provided might be limited (all evidence is), but it is much better than the one you have provided, which is none whatsoever. Vpab15 (talk) 21:47, 29 January 2023 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Strongly oppose: please read this and all my arguments here (which I'm thinking of having reviewed). YorkshireExpat (talk) 19:59, 28 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Apart from ngrams, I provided other pieces of evidence. They all agree the proposed name is more common. Do you have any evidence that contradicts that? Vpab15 (talk) 20:06, 29 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Comment. Just a couple of links to show that both terms are used interchangeably within the same text . Even the Independent Schools Council uses the term "private school" . Vpab15 (talk) 19:58, 29 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Support. Support per WP:COMMONNAME and also the fact that, in modern usage, an independent school can also refer to any school that is independent of local authority control, including state schools such as academies, CTCs, free schools, etc which are not fee-paying "private" schools. This article only focusses on the traditional usage (private schools) and not on the modern usage, so to avoid confusion it would be better to move to Private schools in the United Kingdom as this name is more specific to the type of school that this article covers.ThatRandomGuy1 (talk) 18:01, 10 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Support. Support per WP:COMMONNAME;approaching my eighth decade, based in UK, I can say I have never heard anyone using independent school in a conversation. This name is a a very successful re-brand dating from the 1980's. My support is somewhat reluctant as to me a private school is a school in private ownership with the objective of providing income for an individual or corporation. However there has been a shift and private school now in the English speaking world means 'non-governmental'. Going back to my opening statement, I have heard many variations on themes such as: 'He/she/they of course send their children to private school'; 'Yeah, my parents send me to private school'; 'How on earth can I afford private school fees for my kids!' Hjamesberglen (talk) 16:27, 11 February 2023 (UTC)

"Tim Nice-but-Dim"
I keep hearing references to this been a phenomenon associated exclusively with British private schools, but not being a native, I am not sure about this subject. Could someone more informed add a section about this to the article? 31.94.60.127 (talk) 00:41, 18 April 2024 (UTC)