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Liselotte Herrmann

Liselotte Herrmann (called "Lilo", 23 June 1909 – 20 June 1938, executed) was a German Communist resistance fighter in Nazi Germany. Herrmann was the first woman to be sentenced to death by a Nazi court and then executed in Plötzensee Prison in 1938.

Life
Born in Berlin, Liselotte Herrmann had a middle class liberal upbringing. Her father, Richard Hermann was an engineer who had to move several times for his job. In 1929 she completing her Abitur exams. Her essay was on Friedrich Hebbel's tradegy, "Herodes and Mariamne". After high school she initially planned to become a painter due the influence of Käthe Kollwitz but her father was against it and persuaded her to become a chemist instead. So she went to work as a laboratory assistant in a chemical factory to prepare her studies in chemistry. Later that year, her family moved to Stuttgart, where she attended the Technical College to study chemistry. As a schoolgirl, she was influenced by socialist ideas in Frankfurt and eventually joined the National Socialist Schoolchildren's League (SSB) and the Young Communist League of Germany in 1928, and also became a member of the Red Students’ League (Roter Studentenbund). On 7 Septmenber 1930, she was fined 30 Reichsmarks for distributing "communist leaflets" in Esslingen during International Youth Camp, after refusing to hand them to the police. She then joined the Revolutionary Union Opposition (Revolutionäre Gewerkschafts Opposition) in 1931, and in the same year became a member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) in Stuttgart.

In 1931, she moved to Berlin to study biology at the Humboldt University in Berlin. In Berlin, she became actively involved in volunteering with the KPD and began her political education by attending classes at the Marxist Workers' School.

Resistance
Soon after the Nazis won the election in 1933, the KPD was outlawed after the Reichstag Fire Decree and formally banned on 6 March 1933. Nazi terror against all those of dissented increased abruptly. In an attempt to resist the Nazis, she together with 111 other students signed the "Call for the Defence of Democratic Rights and Freedoms" declaration. She was reprimanded and for political reasons expelled by the university for being an anti-fascist on 11 July 1933. From that point forwards, she was excluded from all German universities. From then on, she worked illegally against Germany's Nazi government and socialized with the armed resistance within the KPD organisation. When the KPD was banned, Herrmann hid the KPD official Fritz Rau (resistance fighter), eventually having a relationship by him. She temporarily took a job as a nanny and on 15 May 1934, her son Walter was born. The boys father remained a mystery, as Herrmann refused to reveal his identity. It was assumed her friend Walter Ehlen was the father or possibly Fritz Rau, who died in the same month, while in Gestapo custody in Moabit prison. or Württemberg KPD district leader Stefan Lovász (sources vary)

In September of the same year, she moved back to Stuttgart to be with her family and found work as a stenotypist at her father's engineering office. Upon arrival and with the help of a friend she established contact with the Stuttgart KPD district leader Stefan Lovász. Herrmann worked together with Diethelm Scheer for the KPD's intelligence unit, which collected evidence of Nazi Germany's illegal German re-armament programme. She maintained this connection via Josef Steidle, but her closest collaborator was Adolf Butz, an assistant at the Institute of Geography at Stuttgart Technical University, who maintained a wide range of Nazi opponents.

From late 1934, she worked as a technical aide to Stefan Lovász, until his arrest in June 1935. Working with a boat builder and KPD official Josef Steidle and the locksmith Artur Görlitz, she obtained information about re-armament, concerning secret weapons projects — munitions production at the Dornier aircraft factory in Friedrichshafen and the building of an underground ammunition factory (Muna) near Celle, via Eugen Beck, who was employeed by the Stehle company in Stuttgart. The documents were relayed to the KPD's office in exile that had been set up in Switzerland.

Arrest, trial, and death
On 7 December 1935, Hermann was arrested in her family's apartment. During the search, the Gestapo found a copy of the plan for the ammunition plant hidden behind a mirror, along with KPD and Marxist literature. For three months, she was interrogated at the Stuttgart police prison, and from February 1936 she was held for 19 harrowing months in remand custody, whilst her young son had to be cared for by his grandparents. Charged in the People's Court (Volksgerichtshof), Herrmann and Stefan Lovász, together with KPD officials and, were sentenced to death by the Second Senate in Stuttgart on 12 June 1937 for "treason in concomitance with preparation of high treason in aggravating circumstances". Herrmann's fellow party member, Lina Haag, was held in the prison cell opposite her. Haag wrote a letter of her experiences, which was turned into a memoir in 1947 in Eine Handvoll Staub (A handful of dust)

Deported to Berlin, after another year in the Barnimstrasse women's prison, she was transferred to Plötzensee Prison for execution. Despite international protests from many countries and an American petition containing 830,000 signatures and a petition for clemency submitted in 1937 by her family, Hermann was executed by guillotine on 20 June 1938. Lovász, Steidle and Göritz were also put to death the same day. The bodies of the five people were not buried, instead were given to anatomy professor Hermann Stieve of Charité Anatomical Institute for medical research.

Memorials
In East Germany, many schools, streets, and institutions were named after her, including in Berlin, Neubrandenburg, Erfurt, Gera, Jena, Weimar and Chemnitz. These have been joined by new street names in the West, for example in Kiel, Schwäbisch Hall and Vaihingen an der Enz. In Leipzig, a small park in the east of the city is named after her. In Frankfurt (Oder), there is a "Lilo Herrmann" daycare center in the western part of the city. However, after German reunification in 1990, many were given new names to erase all references to Communism.

Indeed, even in Stuttgart, where Herrmann studied, she has been a controversial figure. In the 1970s, students at the university tried to get a new residence named after her, but the university administration refused. In 1987, the debate began again when the Stadtjugendring Stuttgart and the Association of Persecutees of the Nazi Regime – Federation of Antifascists, made a proposal for a memorial plaque was discussed in a meeting at the Stuttgart municipal council and forwarded to the university. A commission was formed to examine the proposal who recommended that "the memory of Lilo Herrmann be maintained and promoted, but to refrain from building a monument only intended for it". On 20 June 1988, unknown persons from the Stadtjugendring Stuttgart, placed a simple memorial stone to her on public ground close to the University of Stuttgart campus, which caused a stir. "Lilo-Herrmann-Weg" was the city's tribute to her, but it is little more than a 100 m-long blind alley affording access to public and private parking. In 2008, a Stolperstein was created and placed close to the residence of Lilos' former parents address in Stuttgart.

title: Liselotte Herrmann


text:
Talk:Coming Up Close: A Retrospective

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Coming Up Close: A Retrospective


text: Template:Infobox song contest country

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Talk:U.S. Route 17-1

Untitled
This route shield is anachronistic. -Branddobbe (talk) 06:06, 23 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Indeed. –Fredddie™ 01:01, 29 August 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:U.S. Route 17-1


text:
Ed Feighan

Edward Farrell "Ed" Feighan (born October 22, 1947) is a former American politician. He served as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, and as a Democratic Party U.S. Representative from 1983 to 1993, serving Ohio's 19th congressional district.

Early life and education
Feighan was born in Lakewood, Ohio. He graduated in 1965 from St. Edward High School, an all-boys Catholic high school on Cleveland's west side. In 1969, he earned a Bachelor of Arts from Loyola University in New Orleans, LA. He attended Cleveland State University College of Law at Cleveland State University while serving in the legislature and received his Juris Doctor in 1978.

Political career
Feighan was first elected to public office as a State Representative from Cleveland, Ohio, in 1972. He served for six years in the Ohio Legislature until his election as a Cuyahoga County Commissioner, a position he held for four years.

In 1977, Feighan ran for Mayor of Cleveland, but lost a narrow race to Dennis Kucinich, who also later became a member of Congress.

He was not a candidate for renomination in 1992 to the 103rd Congress, presumably due to his involvement in the House banking scandal and the specter of a primary fight against fellow incumbent Mary Rose Oakar due to redistricting.

After politics
Feighan served as a director of ProCentury Corporation, a Westerville-based specialty insurance company, and its insurance subsidiaries from 1993 to 1996.

From November 1997 until August 1998, he was a Senior Vice President of Century Business Services, a Cleveland-based provider of outsourced business services now known as CBIZ.

From 1998 until 2000, Feighan was the president of Avalon National Corporation, a holding company for a workers’ compensation insurance agency. During that span, he was also a Managing Partner of Alliance Financial, Ltd., a merchant banking firm specializing in mergers and acquisitions from September 1998 until May 2003.

In 2000, he once again became director of ProCentury, for which he had been the on-and-off Special Counsel. In October 2003, Feighan became the chairman, president and CEO of ProCentury. However, he resigned on July 31, 2008, when it was sold to Meadowbrook Insurance Group.

Since February 2014, Feighan has served as the CEO of Covius, a commercial and residential real estate advisory services company.

title: Ed Feighan


text:
Talk:U.S. Route 117

Split previous designation
A request has been made, by, to split the previous designation of US 117 to a new or moved to another article. It is my recommendation to leave as is, but it would be best if the requester would put more information here about this split. This post is to merely start this conversation instead of allowing it to go idle then removed by Admins. --WashuOtaku (talk) 00:57, 16 July 2014 (UTC)
 * This was already resolved, but you decided to revert for no reason but bureaucratic process. So I'll say it again: the former US 117 has nothing to do with the current one. It doesn't belong here. --NE2 01:00, 16 July 2014 (UTC)
 * It wasn't resolved and it was reverted by Ohnoitsjamie. --WashuOtaku (talk) 01:03, 16 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Sigh, so an editor with no knowledge of the topic decided to take sides in a revert war. If my opinion of that editor were not already horrible, it would be now. --NE2 01:06, 16 July 2014 (UTC)

The old US 117 should probably be a separate article since it doesn't seem to fit in US 58, US 158, or the current US 117. However, I wouldn't bother splitting it out unless a C-Class article can be made out of it. –Fredddie™ 01:12, 16 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I agree that a split is necessary since the former US 117 designation does not fit in the current US 117 article and that the former designation was replaced with multiple designations making one redirect target impossible, and that the new article should a halfway decent article when created.  Dough 48  72  01:15, 16 July 2014 (UTC)
 * It fits reasonably in US 158: it was first truncated to Franklin, and then separately renumbered 158. Thinking about it, it's really just an old number for 158 (which was later rerouted away from Franklin). 158 was created at exactly the same time as 117 disappeared, and 158's first alignment included all of 117's last alignment (plus an extension west from Norlina to Mocksville). These 1932 maps (postdating the change) may make it easier to visualize: Virginia North Carolina --NE2 01:22, 16 July 2014 (UTC)
 * If the final routing of US 117 was entirely replaced by US 158, then the former US 117 should be covered in the US 158 article.  Dough 48  72  01:42, 16 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Yep. Confirmed by 1932 and 1933 Virginia officials. It's possible that NC renumbered their part in 1932 and VA did in 1933, but what's clear is that VA truncated it to Franklin before renumbering it. --NE2 01:57, 16 July 2014 (UTC)

So where do you all think we stand, I tally three for the split, one oppose. Should the motion pass and process taken to affix the previous US 117 routing onto US 158 as a progression of the history of the routes? Also, what is the official way to close a request? --WashuOtaku (talk) 22:23, 16 July 2014 (UTC)

 * I'm agnostic, leaning oppose, on splitting as yet. Can we create, from reliable sources, enough text to justify creating a separate article on the former routing of 117, if so, then a split may be useful.  If we can't say anything more substantial than the one sentence we already have, Wikipedia gains nothing from having a new article.  The current text on the former route does NOT overwhelm this article, and so, if all we have is the current amount of text, I would oppose the split.  If someone can show where we could have an article with enough text to make this one unwieldy or imbalanced, I would only then support a split.  -- Jayron  32  00:30, 17 July 2014 (UTC)
 * The idea is to split it out from here and put it instead in the US 158 history. --NE2 01:00, 17 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Oh, I'd be fine with moving the single sentence of text to the US 158 article, so long as a hatnote is used to redirect someone so they don't get confused. I'm not in support of it in the sense "Hells yeah, we should absolutely do that" but I'm neither opposed to it so long as it is done right.  What I would be opposed to doing in any case is to create a new article merely to house a single sentence of text.  -- Jayron  32  01:24, 17 July 2014 (UTC)

Done: U.S. Route 158 --NE2 09:00, 21 July 2014 (UTC)

Orphaned references in U.S. Route 117
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of U.S. Route 117's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "1935 map": From North Carolina Highway 133:  From U.S. Route 76 in North Carolina:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 05:39, 15 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:U.S. Route 117


text: Category:Psychological schools

title: Category:Psychological schools


text:
Talk:Maidenhead Railway Bridge

Bridge widening
I have removed "Subsequently the bridge has been widened", because I think it is not correct. A major rail bridge in Maidenhead was widened - but that was a different bridge, in the town centre. CarolGray 18:26, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I have reverted this - the original version is correct. CarolGray 19:59, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * If you stand under the bridge, you can see the change in brickwork. The fact that the same shape for the arches was followed when widening is a clear testimony to Brunel's design. --Redrose64 (talk) 14:41, 5 December 2009 (UTC)

Electrification
Maybe not the place for this question, but did they consider letting trains coast over the bridge? Even that mightn't be necessary if they had pantographs at front and back... Just a thought anyway. LaFoiblesse (talk) 16:42, 04 December 2010 (GMT)
 * Correct, WP:NOTFORUM. That aside, I assume that you mean that there would be a gap in the catenary.
 * Overhead catenary is sometimes designed to include dead sections, but (in Britain at least) these always involve a section of catenary that exists, but is not connected to the supply. If there were a gap in the wires, this would almost certainly be significantly longer than the bridge, since if there are to be no wires on the bridge, the wires can't simply stop at one end, and start immediately on the other - there needs to be a run-out stretch, and corresponding run-in stretch, which cannot be shorter than the distance between two overhead masts. Have a look at this picture, which shows that masts can be about two coach lengths apart; and since these particular coaches are about 64 ft long, the distance between masts is about 128 ft. Thus, we are considering a 128 ft run-in/run-out length at each end of the bridge, plus the absent catenary over both 128 ft spans, for a total of 512 ft with no electricity supply. This would therefore be rather unfeasible, particularly for stopping trains, because if an eastbound train had called at Maidenhead (67 chain to the west), or a westbound train had called at Taplow (62 chain to the east) the train would need to work up a decent speed to acquire the necessary inertia required coast through such a huge gap.
 * As for multiple pantographs, this is also unlikely: in Britain, EMUs never have more than one pantograph per unit; locos also have one each nowadays (the first 100 AC electric locos of 1959-64 had two, but one was soon removed from each as unnecessary). As explained above, the two pantographs would need to be at least 512 ft apart - any train shorter than around eight coaches would have no chance of maintaining power continuously. Typical stopping trains on this line have 3, 5 or 6 coaches. -- Red rose64 (talk) 19:39, 4 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Actually, it's perfectly feasible. Have a look at Akkrum railway station. 400 m north of that station is a 70 m gap in the overhead wire at a swing bridge, clearly visible in Google Streetview. 3.2 km further is another one. There are many gaps like these at moveable bridges in the Netherlands. Thanks to ski-shaped overhead rails, the run-in/run-out stretches are significantly shorter than the standard 70 m mast-to-mast distance. Of course, power to the motors has to be cut before reaching the end of the wire to prevent arcing, especially as this is DC electrification.
 * They just don't think it's worth the effort. On the continent many historic railway bridges got wires in the '30s and '50s and nobody thinks they're out of place. In fact, a double track railway without overhead wires, let alone a quadruple track one, seems incomplete to our eyes. PiusImpavidus (talk) 14:30, 11 November 2015 (UTC)
 * It's a working bridge, not just a thing of great beauty. It was built for the railway and it continues to be used by the railway. As long as it is treated sympathetically (as the equally beautiful and listed St Pancras station was when electrified) the catenary will not have a negative impact. 83.104.249.240 (talk) 16:23, 25 June 2016 (UTC)

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Number of arches
a single structure of two tall wide red brick arches buttressed by two over-land smaller arches - I was there today, and observed that besides the two main arches, there are three smaller arches at each end, making a total of eight. -- Red rose64 🌹 (talk) 16:30, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Maidenhead Railway Bridge


text:
User talk:Beest

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! from Wackymacs 18:27, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
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Dartmouth Park
Had been on my to do list for a while, and I discover today that its already been done. Thanks! I added a picture and a few notes. Justinc 22:28, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Image:Katse dam intake tower.jpg
That's a very nice picture of Katse Dam! Now, may I ask that when you upload your media to Wikipedia, that you do so on Wikimedia Commons? That way us at the Portuguese wiki (and others) could easily use your material, too! Many thanks. From a fan of South Africa, Tintazul msg 09:33, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Thank you, Beest! -- Tintazul msg 17:34, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Dealing with vandals of Stoke-on-Trent
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London Meetup - January 12, 2008
Hi! There's going to be a London Wikipedia Meetup coming Saturday January 12, 2008. If you are interested in coming along take part in the discussion over a Meetup/London7. The discussion is going on until tomorrow evening and the official location and time will be published at the same page late Thursday or early Friday. Hope to see you Saturday, Poeloq (talk) 01:32, 10 January 2008 (UTC)

Invitation to Wikipedia meetup in London

Date: 13:00 onwards, Sunday 10 August 2008

Venue: Penderel's Oak pub, Holborn WC1 map

More information: Meetup/London 12

Hello,

I noticed that you have listed yourself as a Wikipedian in London, so I thought you might like to come to one of our monthly social meetups. The next one is going to be on Sunday 10 August, which might well be rather short notice, but if you can't come this time, we try to have one every second Sunday of the month.

If you haven't been before, these meetups are mainly casual social events for Wikipedia enthusiasts in which we chat about Wikipedia and any other topics we fancy. It's a great way to meet some very keen Wikipedians, but we'd also love for you to come along if you're interested in finding out more about Wikipedia, other Wikimedia projects, or other collaborative wiki projects too.

The location is a pub that is quite quiet and family friendly on a Sunday lunchtime, so hopefully younger Wikipedians will also feel welcome and safe. Alcohol consumption is certainly not required!

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London Wikimedia Fundraiser
Good evening! This is a friendly message from Chase me ladies, I'm the Cavalry, inviting you to the London Wikimedia Fundraising party on 19th December 2010, in approximately one week. This party is being held at an artistic London venue with room for approximately 300 people, and is being funded by Ed Saperia, a non-Wikipedian who has a reputation for holding exclusive events all over London. This year, he wants to help Wikipedia, and is subsidising a charity event for us. We're keen to get as many Wikimedians coming as possible, and we already have approximately 200 guests, including members of the press, and some mystery guests! More details can be found at http://ten.wikipedia.org/wiki/London - expect an Eigenharp, a mulled wine hot tub, a free hog roast, a haybale amphitheatre and more. If you're interested in coming - and we'd love to have you - please go to the ten.wikipedia page and follow the link to the Facebook event. Signing up on Facebook will add you to the party guestlist. Entry fee is a heavily subsidised £5 and entry is restricted to over 18s. It promises to be a 10th birthday party to remember! If you have any questions, please email me at chasemewiki at gmail.com.

Hope we'll see you there, (and apologies for the talk page spam) - Chase me ladies, I'm the Cavalry (talk) 18:05, 12 December 2010 (UTC)

The Contribution Team cordially invites you to Imperial College London All Hail The Muffin Nor does it taste nice... 15:08, 5 February 2011 (UTC)

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User talk:LazerBeam

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Biography_of_Martin_Luther_King, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. This article appears to be a direct copy from http://www.gateserver.net/Topicdetails.aspx?Topicid=48991&name=&catid=339&topicname=Lyes. As a copyright violation, Biography_of_Martin_Luther_King appears to qualify for speedy deletion under the speedy deletion criteria. Biography_of_Martin_Luther_King has been tagged for deletion, and may have been deleted by the time you see this message. If the source is a credible one, please consider rewriting the content and citing the source. If you believe that the article is not a copyright violation, or if you have permission from the copyright holder to release the content freely under the GFDL, you can comment to that effect on Talk:Biography_of_Martin_Luther_King. If the article has already been deleted, but you have a proper release, you can reenter the content at Biography_of_Martin_Luther_King, after describing the release on the talk page. However, you may want to consider rewriting the content in your own words. Thank you, and please feel free to continue contributing to Wikipedia. -- Johann Wolfgang 18:27, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Biography of Martin Luther King listed at Redirects for discussion
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title: User talk:LazerBeam


text: User talk:71.243.246.162

title: User talk:71.243.246.162


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Talk:Neural oscillation

Untitled
Let me add to this article (without an overlap with "brain waves"), and then let's consider merging it with brain waves. "Neural oscillations" seems actually a better term.

All the Fingelkurts references look a *lot* like self-promotion. Esp the links to reprints from 'Brain and Mind' a journal that is not indexed by PubMed. This work may well be of high quality, but it is certainly not on a par (in terms of historical relevance) with that of Gray, Laurent, &c.

Opening
I'm a scientist in an electrophysiology lab that uses scalp EEG, human intracranial recordings, and monkey intracranial multiunit recordings. In particular, we study oscillatory mechanisms of cognitive processes such as selective attention. For us, the term "neural oscillations" means oscillatory neural activity, independent of how its recorded. The data that are collected by the various methods are just numbers in a computer file, which we take to reflect the underlying brain activity to a certain extent. However, this opening paragraph says that the terms refer to the recordings of the activity, not the activity itself, which is inaccurate. This is important, because while any article on neural oscillations should mention the various methods used to observe them, as well as their benefits and drawbacks, the focus should be on neural oscillations themselves, which are brain activity.

Furthermore, the distinction between "neural oscillations" and "brain waves" makes me uneasy. "Brain waves" is the term we use to explain our work to non-specialists (i.e.: over the dinner table with family friends), and we use it to refer to measurable electrical potentials of the brain in a general sense. By "brain waves" we are usually referring to the raw EEG signal, whereas by "neural oscillations" we are usually refering to band-delimited components of the frequency spectrum of that raw signal. I have seen the term "brain waves" published in journals, but its usually in the titles for snazzy reviews, and the authors quickly switch over to using more specific terminology. In brief, I find the term "brain waves" to be highly colloquial, unspecific and inaccurate.
 * Lots of the neuroscience articles on Wikipedia were written by people who didn't really know what they were talking about, and badly need improvement. If you're a scientist who works on this, please edit the article in any way that seems appropriate to you.  The only thing to be careful about is not to express personal views that aren't reflected in the mainstream literature.  Also bear in mind that an article on this topic should be understandable by an undergraduate, or even by an intelligent high school student.  If you need any advice, please ask. Looie496 (talk) 16:39, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

 * LOL, my first reaction was to this as a laymen perspective issue, accentuating "oscillations" as some class of thing without particular context or understanding of relevance etc. Certainly you can emphasize the recorded signal, which presumably has some fourier spectrum regardless of its physical origin, or the underlying system that generates the signal and just about any closed loop with time delay, like a ring oscillator, will "oscillate." Neural suggests some interest in attributing signal to physical origin and significance to organism containing the neurons.

I have recently read a wiki article on electromagnetic theories of consciousness, and there is credible but speculative literature on the primacy of EM to mind, notably,

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&term=penrose+hameroff

adding oscillations turns up only one result,

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&term=oscillations+penrose+hameroff

The title of this page may make an interesting entry and indeed the "oscillation" may be thought to contain signifiant information. But of course that depends upon the details of the content which I have not taken the time to assess.

Nerdseeksblonde (talk) 01:44, 24 June 2009 (UTC)

Update 24/6/09
I completely agree with the above assessment and have updated the opening paragraph to incorporate the suggested changes. TjeerdB (talk) 02:11, 24 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, it looks like a substantial improvement. Looie496 (talk) 15:54, 24 June 2009 (UTC)

This article or section has multiple issues
The article was tagged to have multiple issues in September 2008. Since then a lot of changes have been made to this page, so it seems time to reassess this qualification. I'm not sure how that works. Can anyone remove the tag as he/she seems fit or is there some standard procedure? TjeerdB (talk) 03:30, 7 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Done. I've given it a quick look and, while further improvements are always appropriate, I think it is reasonable to remove the big tag. I do notice one more stylistic correction to make: the inline citations for references should all be after the period at the end of a sentence (or the comma within a sentence). Thank you for your work on this page. --Tryptofish (talk) 17:06, 7 December 2009 (UTC)

Reassessment for WikiProject Neuroscience
I've been watching this article; it's still Start class in my opinion. There are major subtopics that aren't even mentioned -- membrane potential oscillations in single neurons and central pattern generators just to mention two. It's almost exclusively about EEG oscillations at the moment, and doesn't even deal with that topic in anything like a comprehensive way -- a look through Gyuri Buzsaki's book "Rhythms of the Brain" might give a sense of the domain this article ought to cover. Looie496 (talk) 01:23, 8 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the suggestions. I've changed the structure of this article to accommodate future additions to cover those topics more extensively. However, several subheadings are still lacking content and references, in particularly the section on the mechanisms and on memory. TjeerdB (talk) 05:31, 8 December 2009 (UTC)

I put this article up for a reassessment last week at WikiProject Neuroscience, as the article has been updated considerably since the last assessment in December 2009. Nobody responded however. Is WikiProject Neuroscience still operational? TjeerdB (talk) 00:04, 20 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes, of course it's still operational, and this page is on my watchlist, although I haven't been actively editing it. I don't understand where you made a request. I don't see anything about it at the WikiProject page or talk page. --Tryptofish (talk) 17:27, 20 July 2011 (UTC)

 * I did see it, at WikiProject Neuroscience/Assessment. I was intending to look at it, but hadn't gotten around to it due to the complexity of the article. Looie496 (talk) 22:40, 20 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Oh, I didn't know about that page! It's on my watchlist now. WP:There is no deadline. This article is rather complex, and probably could do with a serious copyedit. --Tryptofish (talk) 22:46, 20 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Didn't want to rush or upset anyone, it's just not always clear how things work as a relative outsider.. I would be very happy if someone is prepared to copyedit this article. TjeerdB (talk) 01:47, 21 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm definitely not at all upset, and I don't think anyone else is, either, so please don't worry about that at all. And I think Looie did a fine job of reviewing it—thanks! I'll put a note at the WikiProject, instructing others like me to be aware of the assessment page. --Tryptofish (talk) 21:25, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

I've reassessed the article. It has certainly become far more useful and made a lot of progress -- I'm assessing it as C class, though, mainly because of rather diffuse organization and lack of coverage of some key topics. The most important thing missing is coverage of central pattern generators and their role in motor control -- even in humans actions such as locomotion and breathing are controlled by oscillatory CPGs. The mathematical analysis section covers little other than the Kuramoto model, which presumes oscillation and only explains how it becomes synchronized, not how it arises in the first place. Circadian oscillations also probably deserve a mention. Looie496 (talk) 19:09, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

 * I changed the content structure of article to give it a clearer organization and cover the missing topics. Although a number of sections need editing, I was wondering whether you think the new structure is an improvement or whether you have some suggested changes.TjeerdB (talk) 00:42, 2 August 2011 (UTC)

I think this article deserves another reassessment. Since the last assessment in July 2011 a lot of progress has been made. The organization of the article has been updated and it covers a more extensive range of topics, including central pattern generators, additional computational models and circadian oscillations. In addition, a number of figures have been added to make it more accessible. TjeerdB (talk) 20:35, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Considering the changes since the last assessment and comparing it to related articles in WikiProject Neuroscience, I'm assessing it as B class. Happy to hear comments from the other editors.TjeerdB (talk) 09:57, 29 February 2012 (UTC)

Page rename
I disagree with the page rename from plural to singular. (I'm also not convinced that neural synchronization does not still merit a separate page.) What do other editors think? --Tryptofish (talk) 17:21, 12 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Hmm, I'm not sure which name makes more sense logically, but the singular seems to better match the way other articles are named. As long as a redirect for the alternative name exists, I don't see that it matters all that much which is the "official" name.  Regarding the merger, I think perhaps in principle separate articles are justified for all of the things that were merged, but all of them were very sketchy in their existing state, and nothing prevents splitting the material off again if somebody wants to expand it. Looie496 (talk) 18:19, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

 * In neuroscience most people will refer to it in plural, which also has my preference. I agree with the above two editors that the different topics merit separate articles. That is, although they are clearly related, some of these terms refer to fundamentally different phenomena. For the moment it might be good to have them merged in a single article though, as this might attract more people who want to contribute to this underrepresented topic. TjeerdB (talk) 22:46, 19 December 2009 (UTC)

Activity patterns
In my opinion, 'spontaneous activity' and 'ongoing activity' refers to the same type of activity and should be merged. What do other editors think? TjeerdB (talk) 22:53, 19 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Agree, although there is little in the 'ongoing activity' section that is worth merging, in my opinion. Looie496 (talk) 14:25, 20 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I merged them now. Åkebråke (talk) 13:42, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Neuronal spiking
In previous discussions on this article it became apparent that the focus was mainly on large-scale oscillations as measured by EEG/MEG. The spiking patterns of individual neurons also reflect oscillatory neural activity. I tried to reorganize some of the headings so to better reflect the multiple topics this article should cover. At present, the sections of single neuron activity are very short and require further expansion. This is however not my main expertise so I hope someone would like to help generating some content on this topic. TjeerdB (talk) 07:26, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

Content structure
In response to Looie496's assessment on 19:09, 21 July 2011, I propose a new organization of the content structure. At present the main division is between neuronal spiking and large-scale oscillations, which is not very clear. In addition, it includes the topics that were identified as missing. Please leave any feedback below. Otherwise, I'll carry out the reorganization on 2 August 2011. TjeerdB (talk) 07:48, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

1. Overview 2. Physiology 2.1. Microscopic 2.2. Mesoscopic 2.3. Macroscopic 3. Mathematical description 3.1. Single neuron model 3.2. Spiking model 3.3. Neural mass model 3.4. Kuramoto model 4. Mechanisms 4.1. Intrinsic properties 4.2. Network properties 5. Activity patterns 5.1. Ongoing activity 5.2. Frequency response 5.3. Amplitude response 5.4. Phase resetting 5.5. Additive response 6. Function 6.1. Pacemaker 6.2. Central pattern generator 6.3. Information coding 6.4. Perceptual binding 6.5. Motor binding 6.6. Memory 7. Pathology 7.1. Tremor 7.2. Epilepsy 8. Applications 8.1. Brain-computer interfaces 9. See also 10. References 11. Further reading 12. External links

Scholarpedia
I agree with Rjanag that Scholarpedia is peer-reviewed and articles are written by experts. In my opinion, most articles are of very high standard and written on a more advanced level than wikipedia. As such, they may provide valuable background information for people who would like have a more detailed understanding of some of the concepts discussed, in particular for a technical article as neuronal oscillations. I'm not an expert on WP:MOS, but this is my reason for adding those links to Scholarpedia. TjeerdB (talk) 10:34, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * That's fine, no objection from me. (I also made a null edit saying this, before I saw this comment here in talk—sorry for not looking here first.) No worries. --Tryptofish (talk) 17:13, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

Conceptual and terminological inconsistency vis-a-vis 'brain waves'.
The 'brain wave' disambiguation page has a link to this page and also a link to electroencephalography, styled 'a layman term for the electric fields measured by electroencephalography'.

It seems from the Overview here that whatever the terminology, 'brain waves' and neural oscillations are the same phenomena, or at least that the former is a class of the latter. 'Neural oscillations have been most widely studied in neural activity generated by large groups of neuron. [...] EEG signals reveal... oscillatory activity in specific frequency bands' - namely alpha, delta, beta, theta and gamma activity. As it happens, the EEG article has a section on these wave types, and each wave type has its own wikipedia entry (alpha wave, etc.).

So my point is, as a layman with (like most intelligent, well-informed non-specialists) a vague idea that there are things called brain waves divided into alpha, beta, gamma, etc., and correlated with states of consciousness/alertness, I would expect the article on what appears to be that concept, i.e. neural oscillations, to have a clearly signalled section on those wave types, and/or some sort of terminological clarification (not just a redirect), including the fact that 'brain wave' - and presumably 'alpha wave', etc. - is a laymans term, and that the term used by experts is... ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.29.177.75 (talk) 12:39, 11 September 2012 (UTC)
 * "Brain wave" is a more general term, because many recognized types of brain waves are not oscillatory, for example the P300 and the readiness potential. Our articles on this whole topic area are something of a mess. Looie496 (talk) 18:02, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

 * I haven't checked this page in a while, hence my late response. I appreciate your point. Apart from "brain wave" being a layman's term it is also a terminology specifically linked to EEG activity. But there are also other types of oscillations in the central nervous system, such as the heartbeat, breathing, walking but also on the cellular level that is not directly linked to 'brain waves' such as alpha activity. Given the amount of research devoted to neural oscillations it can be hard to cover all topics appropriately, but I'll keep you point in mind when I have time to work on this article again. TjeerdB (talk) 22:57, 24 February 2013 (UTC)

Episodic Memory Section Added
I felt that the topic of episodic memory was not given full justice in the context of neural oscillations. I added in this section to provide a brief description of episodic memory because this is a type of memory that is strongly related to gamma and theta oscillations. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cheetah6666 (talk • contribs) 15:40, 15 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I just removed that new section (before reading this), because the contents very nearly duplicate the material in the "Memory" section directly above it. A reader who went through them both would be very puzzled.  It would be more productive to modify that existing section, if necessary, than to add a new one.  Regards, Looie496 (talk) 15:44, 15 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I have added in my information as per your suggestion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cheetah6666 (talk • contribs) 15:54, 15 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I shortened it, because we don't really need to define episodic memory here, since we can just link to it. The take-home message is that theta-gamma are broadly important, after all. --Tryptofish (talk) 23:29, 15 May 2013 (UTC)

Basic Info: Which organisms? When does it start?
The article jumps right into the (no doubt fascinating) details of the matter, but I was expecting (and missing) a little basic information which maybe an encyclopedic article of this length and detail should have. Just as a suggestion here are two questions this article does not currently answer:

 * Is this limited to humans? It probably isn't, since animals have central nervous systems too, but the article just doesn't explicitly state so, while mostly covering humans. Animals are only mentioned two or three times and glancing over the sources most use human subjects with a few monkeys mixed in. So are there differences between human brains and brains of other animals when it comes to neural oscillation? Can findings in one species be applied to others immediately?

 * When does neural oscillation start in fetal development and is it different from adult oscillation? 88.116.229.82 (talk) 23:20, 3 February 2014 (UTC)

Too technical
This article reads like a medical text or journal article -- it is too technical for the average Wikipedia user. Rissa -- obsessive/compulsive copy editor 21:24, 8 April 2014 (UTC)

Delta waves start at 1 Hz or 0.1 Hz?
This article says delta waves are 1-4 Hz, but the delta waves article says they are 0.1-4 Hz. This discrepency should be corrected, or sources should be cited to reflect differing opinions. I'm not too familiar with this topic, though.

Piojo (talk) 16:21, 31 December 2014 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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Brain waves arising from the cytoskeleton and microtubule vibration
The following appears in the cytoskeleton topic:
 * "With the help of Stuart Hameroff and Roger Penrose, it was discovered that microtubules vibrate within neurons in the brain, suggesting that brain waves come from deeper microtubule vibrations.[13]"
 * [13] is Elsevier. "Discovery of Quantum Vibrations in "Microtubules" Inside Brain Neurons Corroborates Controversial 20-Year-Old Theory of Consciousness". www.elsevier.com. Archived from the original on 2016-11-07. Retrieved 2017-11-20."
 * 92.25.47.124 (talk) 12:53, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

role of astrocytes in brainwaves: a source
unfourtunatly most of the reaserch on this topic is original and cant be added to wikipedia. idid find one source though.

https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/talking-back/brainwaves-propagation-may-hinge-on-glial-cells/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by RJJ4y7 (talk • contribs) 16:38, 3 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Neural oscillation


text: User talk:69.63.200.226

title: User talk:69.63.200.226


text: User talk:69.3.77.34

title: User talk:69.3.77.34


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Talk:Human interface guidelines

The Anti-Mac User Interface
The article by Gentner and Nielsen explores the downsides of desktop user interface and proposes principles that may form a basis for the next generation of computer user interfaces. However, it does not enumerate specific policies — two applications built with the article as their guide will not look and act as if they belonged to the same environment. That's because there is no environment, just some ideas that might get expanded into an environment by someone.

True, it's not always certain what constitutes a guideline and what is a principle, but I think this particular document is certainly not a HIG. Also, please note that Wikipedia has article covering the Anti-Mac user interface, which is a better link target if the concept of Anti-Mac user interface needs to be referred to. Aapo Laitinen 18:28, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree that it's not a HIG. Still relevant, though.  — Omegatron 20:05, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Change link to "Apple Human Interface Guidelines" in the main article?
The link http://developer.apple.com/documentation/UserExperience/index.html, "Apple Human Interface Guidelines", does not lead directly to that book/document.

A better link, I believe, is:

http://developer.apple.com/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/AppleHIGuidelines/XHIGIntro/XHIGIntro.html

And/or to the PDF version:

http://developer.apple.com/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/AppleHIGuidelines/OSXHIGuidelines.pdf —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mortense (talk • contribs) 01:06, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

Remove GNU/Linux
The rational for this is that GNU/Linux desktops are used outside of GNU/Linux (Solaris and *BSD for example). Besides not GNOME nor KDE HIG is dependent on anything GNU nor Linux related. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.167.145.223 (talk) 23:52, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

Article Name
This article should be renamed to User interface guidelines. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.204.70.21 (talk) 20:10, 28 October 2014 (UTC)

Proposed merge with Design language
From what I read in both articles, they are the same things: Rules governing the look and feel of user interfaces. Even examples are the same: Both provide Material Design and Metro (design language) as examples. Only "Human interface guidelines" uses an external link farm. Fleet Command (talk) 18:26, 16 October 2015 (UTC)
 * The scope of the articles are different. Design language seems mainly concerned about visuals while HIG are about the user experience and cover much more than looks. The former is also related to the design/ad industry while the latter is related to the HCI/UX fields.. Opencooper (talk) 01:35, 24 November 2015 (UTC)
 * What you explained right now are two scopes with 90% overlap. Even those eccentric user interfaces designed by Kai Krause didn't purely concern themselves with looks. Fleet Command (talk) 04:14, 25 November 2015 (UTC)
 * I agree that there is some overlap but that alone isn't reason for merging, the two are still distinct. I've read both Apple's and Android's HIG and they really don't stop at design. They give advice on things like behavior and language. It's very specifically geared towards applications running on a platform. From what I can glean from the design language article, its about visual branding, making a companies products have a consistent look and feel; it's much more concerned about things at the product level. The only reason the examples are the same is because the articles haven't demarcated themselves clearly, though I'd say design language is more of a vaguely-related superset of HIG if anything, and it mostly links to visual guides like Metro (design language) and Snow White design language. HIG are notable by themselves and deserve their own article. Opencooper (talk) 15:53, 25 November 2015 (UTC)
 * You are just convincing me that merger is more appropriate. Maybe I should've merged without asking. Perhaps next time. Fleet Command (talk) 06:08, 26 November 2015 (UTC)
 * You're more than welcome to invite participants from relevant WikiProjects to discuss, I am just one editor after all, and the best consensus is that formed from several views Opencooper (talk) 07:58, 26 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Design language is far broader than a user interface. A design language can be applied to everything ranging from a user interface to the styling cues used across automotive design.JC Berger (talk) 16:57, 1 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Human interface guidelines


text:
Category:Retired Pacific hurricanes

These Pacific hurricanes (from the eastern and central Pacific hurricane basins) all caused their name to be retired.

Hurricane names are retired due to the notoriety of the storm to which they are attached (after a nation impacted by the storm lobbies the World Meteorological Organization). See naming of tropical cyclones.

This list does not include devastating storms from the current Pacific hurricane season; they won't be retired until WMO makes a decision after the end of the season.

title: Category:Retired Pacific hurricanes


text: Category talk:Retired Atlantic hurricanes


text: Category talk:Retired Pacific hurricanes


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Triangular tiling

In geometry, the triangular tiling or triangular tessellation is one of the three regular tilings of the Euclidean plane, and is the only such tiling where the constituent shapes are not parallelogons. Because the internal angle of the equilateral triangle is 60 degrees, six triangles at a point occupy a full 360 degrees. The triangular tiling has Schläfli symbol of ${3,6}.$

English mathematician John Conway called it a deltille, named from the triangular shape of the Greek letter delta (Δ). The triangular tiling can also be called a kishextille by a kis operation that adds a center point and triangles to replace the faces of a hextille.

It is one of three regular tilings of the plane. The other two are the square tiling and the hexagonal tiling.

Uniform colorings
There are 9 distinct uniform colorings of a triangular tiling. (Naming the colors by indices on the 6 triangles around a vertex: 111111, 111112, 111212, 111213, 111222, 112122, 121212, 121213, 121314) Three of them can be derived from others by repeating colors: 111212 and 111112 from 121213 by combining 1 and 3, while 111213 is reduced from 121314.

There is one class of Archimedean colorings, 111112, (marked with a *) which is not 1-uniform, containing alternate rows of triangles where every third is colored. The example shown is 2-uniform, but there are infinitely many such Archimedean colorings that can be created by arbitrary horizontal shifts of the rows.

A2 lattice and circle packings
The vertex arrangement of the triangular tiling is called an A2 lattice. It is the 2-dimensional case of a simplectic honeycomb.

The A$$ lattice (also called A$$) can be constructed by the union of all three A2 lattices, and equivalent to the A2 lattice.
 * + +  = dual of  =

The vertices of the triangular tiling are the centers of the densest possible circle packing. Every circle is in contact with 6 other circles in the packing (kissing number). The packing density is $$ or 90.69%. The voronoi cell of a triangular tiling is a hexagon, and so the voronoi tessellation, the hexagonal tiling, has a direct correspondence to the circle packings.
 * 1-uniform-11-circlepack.svg

Geometric variations
Triangular tilings can be made with the equivalent {3,6} topology as the regular tiling (6 triangles around every vertex). With identical faces (face-transitivity) and vertex-transitivity, there are 5 variations. Symmetry given assumes all faces are the same color.

Related polyhedra and tilings
The planar tilings are related to polyhedra. Putting fewer triangles on a vertex leaves a gap and allows it to be folded into a pyramid. These can be expanded to Platonic solids: five, four and three triangles on a vertex define an icosahedron, octahedron, and tetrahedron respectively.

This tiling is topologically related as a part of sequence of regular polyhedra with Schläfli symbols {3,n}, continuing into the hyperbolic plane.

It is also topologically related as a part of sequence of Catalan solids with face configuration Vn.6.6, and also continuing into the hyperbolic plane.

Wythoff constructions from hexagonal and triangular tilings
Like the uniform polyhedra there are eight uniform tilings that can be based from the regular hexagonal tiling (or the dual triangular tiling).

Drawing the tiles colored as red on the original faces, yellow at the original vertices, and blue along the original edges, there are 8 forms, 7 which are topologically distinct. (The truncated triangular tiling is topologically identical to the hexagonal tiling.)

Related regular complex apeirogons
There are 4 regular complex apeirogons, sharing the vertices of the triangular tiling. Regular complex apeirogons have vertices and edges, where edges can contain 2 or more vertices. Regular apeirogons p{q}r are constrained by: 1/p + 2/q + 1/r = 1. Edges have p vertices, and vertex figures are r-gonal.

The first is made of 2-edges, and next two are triangular edges, and the last has overlapping hexagonal edges.

Other triangular tilings
There are also three Laves tilings made of single type of triangles:

title: Triangular tiling


text:
David Gell

David Gell (23 August 1929 – 8 December 2023) was a Canadian radio DJ and television presenter.

Born in Canada, he worked for radio station CFAC in Calgary before relocating to Europe. He was a DJ on Radio Luxembourg, and later on the BBC Light Programme, Radio One, and Radio Two.

Gell presented many popular programmes for the BBC, including the Top Ten Game produced by Johnny Beerling, a midweek show which toured the country inviting audiences of 200 to vote for their favourite discs of the week from 1965. Each week David would play ten new releases, followed by the ten most popular songs from the previous week, together with a Second Chance Disc, which had previously been played but did not register enough votes to make the Top Ten. The show ran until it was dropped in early 1966.

From 16 June 1958, he hosted the twice-weekly Granada Television quiz show Concentration which usually came from the Manchester studios but would sometimes go to other cities, such as Glasgow. In 1969 and 1970, Gell was the commentator for the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest; he had previously provided the BBC Radio commentary for the 1965 contest.

Gell later presented another 'voting' show for the BBC on Radio Two, namely European Pop Jury, where teenagers from several European countries would sit in judgement of two songs from each participating nation. The programme aired monthly and would typically feature the UK, Ireland, Germany, Spain, Norway, Sweden and Finland.

David had a toned down mid-Atlantic accent, and a warm, professional style, with strong audience rapport. Gell left EPJ and the BBC after his broadcast on 23 July 1977.

By 1978 David Gell had returned to broadcasting in his native Canada where he remained until retiring in the 2000s.

Gell was involved with his daughter Rosemary. C. Gell's company Golden Muse Productions, which specialises in musical theatre. He died at his home on 8 December 2023, at the age of 94. He is survived by his wife and two daughters.

title: David Gell


text:
Kenny Williams (baseball)

Kenneth Royal Williams (born April 6, 1964) is an American former outfielder in Major League Baseball and a former Executive Vice President of the Chicago White Sox.

Playing career
Selected by the White Sox in the third round of the 1982 amateur draft, Williams made his debut in 1986 and spent three years in Chicago, primarily as a center fielder, before being traded to the Detroit Tigers in 1989. The Tigers waived him during the 1990 season, and he was claimed by the Toronto Blue Jays. Williams remained a bit player with the Blue Jays, usually coming on as a pinch-runner due to his speed. He was the starting center fielder when Dave Stieb threw his only no-hitter, the first no-hitter in Toronto history. He is best remembered as a player for a bizarre incident during the 1990 season, where a series of wild throwing errors resulted in him (on base as a pinch-runner) rounding third base and mauling over third base coach John McLaren, knocking him out in the process (Williams himself was winded, but eventually ended up scoring the run). This humorous clip would be played over and over in blooper reels for years to come. The Blue Jays then put him on waivers during the 1991 season, with Canada's other major league team, the Montreal Expos, picking him up. Williams decided to retire from baseball after being released by Montreal following the 1991 season.

Administrative career
In November 1992, Williams rejoined the White Sox organization as a scout. Named special assistant to Sox chairman Jerry Reinsdorf in 1994, he spent some time as a studio analyst for Sox games on SportsChannel Chicago before becoming the team's director of minor league operations in 1995. In 1997, he was named vice-president of player development, a position in which he remained until 2000.

General manager
In October 2000, Williams replaced Ron Schueler as the general manager of the White Sox. Williams inherited Jerry Manuel as his first manager, who had just led them to 95 wins and a division title prior to Williams being promoted to GM. At the conclusion of the 2003 season Manuel was fired despite a winning record of 86–76. Williams then hired popular former Chicago shortstop Ozzie Guillén as the team's manager in 2003. Since becoming the White Sox GM, Williams has become known for his aggressive moves to bolster the Sox lineup. This reputation was strengthened following the 2004 season, when Williams completely made over the White Sox team by switching its on-field focus from home runs to pitching, defense, and speed. Accordingly, he acquired players which excelled in those areas, through free agent signings (Orlando Hernández, Dustin Hermanson, Jermaine Dye, A. J. Pierzynski, Tadahito Iguchi), trades (Scott Podsednik, José Contreras, Freddy García) and the farm system (Joe Crede, Aaron Rowand). Both Crede and Rowand were drafted by Schueler. Williams' off-season maneuvers were reflected in an extremely successful 2005 campaign for the South Siders, one in which they held the best record in all of baseball for most of the year, and finished with the best record in the AL to clinch their first AL Central Division title since 2000, their first American League pennant since 1959, and their first World Series since 1917.

In the off-season prior to the 2006 season, Williams set out to improve his world championship team further by acquiring pitcher Javier Vázquez from the Arizona Diamondbacks and slugger Jim Thome from the Philadelphia Phillies. In addition, Williams was cognizant of the large role that the bench played under Ozzie Guillén and solidified it by trading for Rob Mackowiak and Alex Cintrón. Because of these maneuvers, the White Sox were once again favored to win the 2006 American League Central. At the All-Star break, the White Sox were tied with the Detroit Tigers for first place and held a 6-game lead over the New York Yankees for the wild card. The lead evaporated in the second half of the season and despite winning 90 games, they fell short and finished in third place in their Division behind the Detroit Tigers and Minnesota Twins, thereby not making the playoffs.

In the offseason before the 2007 season, Williams traded away Freddy García to the Phillies and acquired prospects, Gavin Floyd and Gio González, in return. He also signed veteran free agent Darin Erstad to a one-year, $1 million contract. Williams has also stated that the team needs to get younger and improve its scouting. In early January 2008, he traded Gio González, Fautino de los Santos, and Ryan Sweeney for Nick Swisher.

With pitcher Jake Peavy being acquired at the trade deadline for the 2009 season, Williams was referred to by Gordon Edes of Yahoo Sports as a "stealth bomber" for his under the radar moves. On August 10, 2009, Williams made another under-the-radar move, by claiming OF Alex Ríos off the waivers from the Toronto Blue Jays. On September 29, 2011, Ozzie Guillén was traded to the Miami Marlins, along with minor league pitcher Ricardo Andres. The Marlins assumed the last year on Guillen's contract, in exchange for minor league pitchers Jhan Mariñez and Osvaldo Martinez. On October 6, 2011, Kenny Williams hired Robin Ventura as the new manager of the Chicago White Sox.

On October 26, 2012, Williams was promoted to executive vice president of the Chicago White Sox while assistant GM Rick Hahn was promoted to general manager.

On December 6, 2016, Williams oversaw the trade in which he sent Chris Sale to the Boston Red Sox for Michael Kopech, Yoan Moncada and Luis Alexander Basabe.

The White Sox fired Hahn and Williams on August 22, 2023.

Personal life
Kenny resides in Naperville, Illinois. He has 5 children: Kenny also has one granddaughter. He remarried television journalist Zoraida Sambolin in July 2014. Williams has two new stepchildren, Sambolin's son Nicolas and daughter Sofia.
 * TeMeka C. Williams, entrepreneur
 * Dedrick Q. Williams, former professional scout for the White Sox
 * Kenny Williams, Jr., former Wichita State University baseball player, 2008 draftee of the White Sox and current scout for the Arizona Diamondbacks
 * Kyle Williams, former Kansas City Chiefs wide receiver and 2006 draftee of the White Sox
 * Tyler Williams, first baseman for the class A affiliate Kannapolis Intimidators

title: Kenny Williams (baseball)


text:
Concertino (composition)

Concertino is the diminutive of concerto, thus literally a small or short concerto.

Examples
Listed by composer:
 * Hendrik Andriessen:
 * Concertino for oboe and string orchestra (1970)
 * Concertino for cello and chamber orchestra (1970)
 * Jurriaan Andriessen:
 * Concertino for bassoon and winds (1962)
 * Concertino for piano and orchestra (1962)
 * Concertino for sousaphone and orchestra (1967)
 * Alexander Arutiunian: Concertino for piano and orchestra (1951)
 * Kees van Baaren: Concertino for piano and orchestra (1934)
 * Henk Badings: Concertino for piano trio (violin, cello, and piano) and chamber orchestra (1942)
 * Marion Bauer: Concertino for oboe, clarinet, and string quartet, Op. 32b
 * Luciano Berio: Concertino for clarinet, violin, celesta, harp, and strings (1949, rev. 1951 and 1970)
 * Henriëtte Bosmans: Concertino for piano and orchestra (1929)
 * Ferrucio Busoni:, BV 276 (Op. 48)
 * Cécile Chaminade: Concertino for flute and orchestra in D major
 * Ferdinand David: Trombone Concertino
 * Hossein Dehlavi: Concertino for santur and orchestra
 * Gaetano Donizetti: Concertino in G Major for cor anglais and orchestra (1817)
 * Theodore Eisfeld: Concertino for clarinet and orchestra
 * David Farquhar: Concertino for piano and strings (1960)
 * Lorenzo Ferrero:
 * Three Baroque Buildings, concertino for trumpet, bassoon and string orchestra (1997)
 * Rastrelli in Saint Petersburg, concertino for oboe and string orchestra (2000)
 * Two Cathedrals in the South, concertino for trumpet and string orchestra (2001)
 * Guarini, the Master, concertino for violin and string orchestra (2004)
 * Wolfgang Fortner: Concertino for viola and chamber orchestra (1934)
 * Jean Françaix:
 * Concertino for piano and orchestra (1932)
 * Concertino for violin and orchestra (1954)
 * Roberto Gerhard: Concertino for strings (1927–28)
 * Peggy Glanville-Hicks:
 * Concertino da camera for flute, clarinet, bassoon, and piano (1945)
 * Concertino antico for harp and string quartet (1955)
 * Michael Haydn: Concertino for trumpet and orchestra
 * Hans Werner Henze: Concertino for piano, winds, and percussion (1947)
 * Paul Hindemith: Concertino (or: Konzertstück) for trautonium and strings (1931)
 * Gilad Hochman: Concertino for string orchestra and flute obbligato (2003)
 * Jacques Ibert: Concertino da camera
 * John Ireland: Concertino pastorale for string orchestra (1939)
 * Leoš Janáček: Concertino for piano and chamber ensemble
 * André Jolivet:
 * Nikolai Kapustin: Concertino for piano and orchestra, Op. 1 (1957)
 * Julius Klengel: Concertino for cello in C major
 * István Láng:
 * Concertino for xylophone and orchestra (1961, rev. 1967)
 * Concertino for soprano, trumpet, harp, violin, viola, cello, and electronics
 * Lars-Erik Larsson:
 * Concertino No. 1 for flute and strings, Op. 45 No. 1 (1955)
 * Concertino No. 2 for oboe and strings, Op. 45 No. 2 (1955)
 * Concertino No. 3 for clarinet and strings, Op. 45 No. 3 (1957)
 * Concertino No. 4 for bassoon and strings, Op. 45 No. 4 (1955)
 * Concertino No. 5 for horn and strings, Op. 45 No. 5 (1955)
 * Concertino No. 6 for trumpet and strings, Op. 45 No. 6 (1953)
 * Concertino No. 7 for trombone and strings, Op. 45 No. 7 (1955)
 * Concertino No. 8 for violin and strings, Op. 45 No. 8 (1956)
 * Concertino No. 9 for viola and strings, Op. 45 No. 9 (1956)
 * Concertino No. 10 for cello and strings, Op. 45 No. 10 (1956)
 * Concertino No. 11 for double bass and strings, Op. 45 No. 11 (1957)
 * Concertino No. 12 for piano and strings, Op. 45 No. 12 (1957)
 * Walter Leigh: Concertino for Harpsichord and String Orchestra
 * Ursula Mamlok: Concertino for wind quintet, string orchestra, and percussion
 * Bohuslav Martinů:
 * Concertino for cello and chamber ensemble (piccolo, 2 oboes, clarinet, bassoon, horn, trumpet, trombone, piano, timpani, drum, and cymbals) (1924)
 * Concertino for piano left hand and chamber orchestra (1926)
 * Concertino for piano trio and strings, H. 231 (1933)
 * Concertino for piano trio and strings, H. 232 (1933)
 * Concertino for piano and orchestra (1938)
 * Darius Milhaud: Les quatre saisons:
 * Concertino de printemps for violin and chamber orchestra, Op. 135 (1934)
 * Concertino d'automne for two pianos and eight instruments, Op. 309 (1951)
 * Concertino d'été for viola and chamber orchestra, Op. 311 (1951)
 * Concertino d'hiver for trombone and string orchestra, Op. 327 (1953)
 * Per Nørgård: Concertino No. 2 for piano solo (1950)
 * Léon Orthel: Concertino alla burla for piano and orchestra, Op. 12 (1930)
 * Vincent Persichetti: Concertino for piano and orchestra, Op. 16 (1941)
 * Walter Piston: Concertino for piano and chamber orchestra (1937)
 * Francis Poulenc: Concertino for piano four-hands (1931)
 * Sergei Prokofiev: Cello Concertino
 * Marcel Quinet:
 * Concertino for flute and orchestra (1959)
 * Concertino for oboe, clarinet, bassoon, and orchestra (1960)
 * Concertino for violin and orchestra (1970)
 * Ned Rorem:
 * Concertino de Camera for harpsichord and small ensemble (1946)
 * Albert Roussel:
 * Gunther Schuller: Concertino for jazz quartet (vibraphone, piano, percussion, and double bass) and orchestra (1959)
 * Roger Sessions: Concertino for chamber orchestra (1971–72)
 * Dmitri Shostakovich: Concertino for two pianos, Op. 94 (1954)
 * Nikos Skalkottas:
 * Concertino for solo oboe with piano accompaniment (1939)
 * Concertino for trumpet with piano accompaniment (190–42)
 * Concertino for piano and orchestra in C major (1948)
 * Concertino for two pianos and orchestra (1935)
 * Richard Strauss: Duett-Concertino for clarinet, bassoon, strings and harp (1947)
 * Igor Stravinsky: Concertino for string quartet (1920), also arrs. for piano four-hands, and for flute, oboe, cor anglais, clarinet, 2 bassons, 2 trumpets, 2 trombones, violin, and cello
 * Carlos Surinach:
 * Concertino for piano, stings, and cymbals (1956)
 * Doppio Concertino for violin, piano, and nine instruments (1954)
 * Germaine Tailleferre:
 * Virgil Thomson: Autumn, concertino for harp, strings, and percussion (1964)
 * Erich Urbanner: Concertino for flute and orchestra (1959)
 * Václav Jindřich Veit: Concertino for violin and orchestra, Op. 25 (1844)
 * Carl Maria von Weber:
 * Concertino in E-flat major for clarinet and orchestra, Op. 26, J. 109 (1811)
 * Concertino in E minor for horn and orchestra, Op. 45
 * Konzertstück in F minor for piano and orchestra, Op. 79
 * Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari:
 * Idillio-concertino in A major for oboe, two horns, and strings, Op. 15 (1933)
 * Suite-concertino in F major for bassoon, two horns, and strings, Op. 16 (1933)
 * Concertino in A♭ major for cor anglais, two horns, and strings, Op. 34 (1947)
 * Arthur Wood: Concertino in A major for flute and orchestra (1948)
 * Isang Yun: Concertino for accordion and string quartet (1983)
 * Arthur Wood: Concertino in A major for flute and orchestra (1948)
 * Isang Yun: Concertino for accordion and string quartet (1983)

title: Concertino (composition)


text: User talk:72.22.147.73

title: User talk:72.22.147.73


text:
Provencher Bridge

The Provencher Bridge (Pont Provencher) is a set of paired bridges — a four-lane vehicular bridge and a suspended pedestrian bridge (called Esplanade Riel) — across the Red River in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

The bridge links downtown Winnipeg and The Forks historic area with St. Boniface, a Winnipeg community across the Red River. It derived its name from the connecting Boulevard Provencher (Provencher Boulevard).

The vehicular bridge serves Route 57 and is a main connector from downtown Winnipeg to most of the eastern communities in Winnipeg. The speed limit on the bridge is 50 km/h (31 mph).

Bridge history
There have been a total of three bridges (aka Red River Bridges), as well as a ferry, linking Winnipeg from the then-eastern end of Broadway with St. Boniface from the western end of Provencher Boulevard. The current-day Provencher Bridge succeeds the ferry and the previous two bridges.

Ferry
The first way of crossing the Red River was by the Notre Dame Street (Pioneer Avenue) ferry, linking Broadway on the west with Provencher Blvd on the east. The ferry route was cancelled in 1882 with the opening of the Broadway Bridge. It sank on the Assiniboine River later that same year.

Broadway Bridge
Prior to the construction of the first Provencher Bridge was the Broadway Bridge (also known as the St. Boniface Bridge), which spanned the Red River and linked the cities of Winnipeg and St. Boniface by connecting Provencher Boulevard with Broadway.

Built by the joint-stock Assiniboine and Red River Bridge Company, a subsidiary of the Hudson Bay Company, the Broadway Bridge replaced the Notre Dame Street (Pioneer Avenue) ferry as the first bridge to link Winnipeg to St. Boniface.

The Broadway Bridge was a simple iron truss structure, about 900 ft in length, consisting of five 140 ft stationary spans and one swing span. Known as a Pratt or Whipple truss bridge, the Broadway Bridge was designed by Edward Worrell Jarvis and constructed by C. W. Dean of Cleveland, Ohio.

Construction of this bridge began in 1881 and was opened to traffic on April 16, 1882, as a private toll bridge,. Disaster struck three days later due to ice from annual Red River break-up, wiping away two spans of the bridge. The bridge remained closed until repairs were completed one year later.

In 1909, the City of St. Boniface bought the bridge for $59,000, and in 1912, city engineers recommended that a new bridge be built. Broadway Bridge remained in use until the completion of the construction of the Provencher Bridge in 1918, whereafter the Broadway Bridge was demolished.

First Provencher Bridge
In 1912, engineers of the City of St. Boniface recommended that the Broadway Bridge be replaced by a modern bridge with a refined aesthetic quality. A team of six engineers was recruited to oversee the construction project, and the cost would be split between St. Boniface (two thirds) and the City of Winnipeg (the remaining third).

The new viaduct, a double-leaf drawbridge designed by the Strauss Bascule Bridge Company of Chicago, began construction in 1913 or 1914. Construction was undertaken by MacDonald & McGoogan Company and the Dominion Bridge Co.

The new drawbridge along Provencher was opened in the summer of 1918, replacing the Broadway Bridge.

Instead of linking with Broadway, this new bridge was oriented slightly to the north; traffic crossing from the east was sent even further north, eventually connecting with Main Street about 500 metres from Broadway. Streetcars began operating on the bridge on December 3, 1925.

The second bridge was dismantled in 2001 for the opening of the third (current) bridge.

Current bridge
The third and current bridge consists of two paired bridges, a vehicular bridge and a pedestrian bridge (Esplanade Riel).

The City of Winnipeg decided to replace the 90-year old Provencher Bridge with a newer structure, following 2 and a half years of public consultation process. The bridge was designed by primary consultant Wardrop, and architectural design was provided by Guy Préfontaine and Étienne Gaboury.

To avoid disruptions the bridges were built in phases. The vehicular bridge was begun in 2001 and completed in 2003. The total project costs reached over $72.5 million for both bridges.

The vehicular bridge
The vehicular bridge's plan was originally designed to connect York and St. Mary Avenues to Provencher Boulevard, but it was cancelled in 1997. The lands for the St. Mary–York–Provencher connection were used for the construction of the Canadian Museum for Human Rights.

Construction of the vehicular bridge began on July 20, 2001, and was completed two years later, in September.

The vehicular bridge is slightly curved, branching off from a shared abutment on the east, unlike the old bridge which was completely straight and at a slight angle. The concrete vehicular bridge spans 280 m, and includes such features as rock-socketed, steel-jacketed concrete caissons constructed to high elevations which help avoid the issues of spring ice-break-ups and floods.

The pedestrian bridge
The Esplanade Riel (named for Louis Riel), the pedestrian portion of the Provencher Bridge, is a side-spar cable-stayed bridge sitting parallel to the vehicular bridge.

The construction of Esplanade Riel was added later to the Provencher Bridge project, in August 2002. Completed in 2003, the same year as the vehicular bridge, Esplanade Riel was officially opened in the summer of 2004. It was designed by Architects Guy Préfontaine and Étienne Gaboury, and Colin Douglas Stewart of Wardrop Engineering.

The bridge is 5 m and follows the alignment of the historic Broadway Bridge.

The Esplanade Riel features a restaurant in the middle of the bridge. Originally operated by Salisbury House, the restaurant space was home to Chez Sophie Sur Le Pont from summer 2013 to February 2015. The bridge's next tenant, Mon Ami Louis, opened in July 2015 as an "approachable and eschewing the haute cuisine haughtiness of French dining."

title: Provencher Bridge


text:
User talk:Jreynolds1000

Welcome, from Journalist Welcome to Wikipedia!

Hello. My name is Orane (but I go by the name 'Journalist' on Wikipedia) and I am one of Wikipedia's Administrators. I just stopped by to say Hi and to formally welcome you to Wikipedia. Thank you for your awesome contributions so far. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. I know that being here for the first few days may be a bit confusing, but you'll get used to it pretty soon.

Here are a few good links for newcomers. I know that they can be boring, but I recommend that you take a look at them:
 * Policies and guidelines
 * What Wikipedia is not
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Manual of Style

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! You can come to my talk page if you have any questions. If Im online, I will definitely respond. If I'm offline, you can go to Where to ask a question. Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~) ; this will automatically produce your name and the date. Again, welcome! Come say Hi! →Jo urna list >>talk<<  18:31, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jreynolds1000


text: Category:Hotels in the Netherlands

title: Category:Hotels in the Netherlands


text:
File:Fuvammulah watermelon feild.jpg

A man watering watermelons. Fuvahmulah, Maldives

Author : [mailto:liraar@msn.com Liraar]

title: File:Fuvammulah watermelon feild.jpg


text:
User:Fariborz

I am 34 years old Iranian Doctor,i am a bloger too, I am familiar with WIKIPEDIA for more than 3 years. Here is my website : http://fz-az.fotopages.com/

title: User:Fariborz


text: Template:Repeated IP abuse

title: Template:Repeated IP abuse


text:
Joseph Angara

Joseph Oduol Angara (born 8 November 1971) is a former Kenyan cricketer who played One Day Internationals for Kenyan national team between 1997 and 2003, including at the 1999 and 2003 World Cups.

As player
One of Angara's best performances in ODIs came at the 2001 tri-series in South Africa. In the sixth match of the series, he returned figures of 3/30, helping his team defeat India by 70 runs. Playing his first game of the series, Angara bowled four maiden overs in his first spell, while claiming the wicket of Sachin Tendulkar, bowling him out for 3. He was named player of the match.

As coach
Angara was appointed coach of the Botswana national cricket team in July 2015. He had earlier coached the Botswana national under-19 side at the 2015 Africa Under-19 Championship, and previously worked as a development coach with Cricket Kenya, which including coaching a Sahara Elite League franchise, the Northern Nomads. His contract as Botswana head coach ended in 2023.

title: Joseph Angara


text: Category:Biological oceanography

title: Category:Biological oceanography


text:
Xandee

Xandee is a stage name of Sandy Boets (born 18 December 1978 in Tienen), Flemish singer who represented Belgium at the Eurovision Song Contest 2004.

At the age of 16 she founded the pop duo Touch of Joy with Serge (Sergio) Quisquater. Sergio and his band Sergio & The Ladies represented Belgium in ESC 2002 with the song "Sister". At the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 in Istanbul Xandee sang the dance uptempo song "1 Life" in the contest. The song was one of the major favourites before the contest, but only got 7 points, 5 of which from neighbouring country the Netherlands, on the final evening. It eventually got only 22nd place out of 24 participants.

Xandee's fate was repeated two years later, at the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 in Athens, where fellow Belgian entry Kate Ryan, despite being a hugely hyped favourite, failed to qualify from the semi-final.

title: Xandee


text:
User talk:Fariborz

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Physchim62 18:32, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Latyan-2.jpg
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Image Tagging for Image:Latyan1.jpg
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Flower garden of isfahan
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Removing tags
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Tourism in Iran
This article has been deleted as it was a personal essay rather than an encyclopedic article. (aeropagitica) 17:41, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fariborz