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Electorate of Hanover

The Electorate of Hanover (Kurfürstentum Hannover or simply Kurhannover) was an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire, located in northwestern Germany and taking its name from the capital city of Hanover. It was formally known as the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Kurfürstentum Braunschweig-Lüneburg). For most of its existence, the electorate was ruled in personal union with Great Britain and Ireland following the Hanoverian Succession.

The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg had been split in 1269 between different branches of the House of Welf. The Principality of Calenberg, ruled by a cadet branch of the family, emerged as the largest and most powerful of the Brunswick-Lüneburg states. In 1692, the Holy Roman Emperor elevated the Prince of Calenberg to the College of Electors, creating the new Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The fortunes of the electorate were tied to those of Great Britain by the Act of Settlement 1701 and Act of Union 1707, which settled the succession to the British throne on Queen Anne's nearest Protestant relative, the Electress Sophia of Hanover, and her descendants.

The prince-elector of Hanover became king of Great Britain in 1714. As a consequence, a reluctant Britain was forced time and again to defend the king's German possessions. However, Hanover remained a separately ruled territory with its own governmental bodies, and the country had to sign a treaty with Great Britain whenever Hanoverian troops fought on the British side of a war. Merged into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia in 1807, it was re-established as the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814, and the personal union with the British crown lasted until 1837.

Name
In 1692, Emperor Leopold I of the House of Habsburg elevated Duke Ernest Augustus of the Brunswick-Lüneburg line of Calenberg, to the rank of prince-elector of the empire as a reward for aid given in the Nine Years' War. There were protests against the addition of a new elector, and the elevation did not become official until the approval of the Imperial Diet in 1708. Calenberg's capital, Hanover, became colloquially eponymous for the electorate, but it officially used the name Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburg of the entire ducal dynasty.

The electoral coat of arms and flag (see info box upper right of this article) displayed the Saxon Steed (Sachsenross, Niedersachsenross, Welfenross, Westfalenpferd; Twentse Ros / Saksische ros/paard; Low Saxon: Witte Peerd) is a heraldic motif associated with the German provinces of Lower Saxony and Westphalia, and the Dutch region of Twente as the electorate covered large portions of the original stem Duchy of Saxony.

Geography
The electorate comprised large parts of the modern German state of Lower Saxony in Northern Germany. Beside the Principality of Calenberg it also included the former princely lands of Göttingen and Grubenhagen as well as the territory of the former County of Hoya.

In 1705, Elector George I Louis inherited the Principality of Lüneburg with the Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg upon the death of his uncle Duke George William of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In 1715, he purchased the duchies of Bremen-Verden from King Frederick IV of Denmark (confirmed by the 1719 Treaty of Stockholm), whereby his former landlocked electorate gained access to the North Sea.

In 1700, the territories forming the electorate introduced, like all other Protestant territories of imperial immediacy, the Improved Calendar, as the Gregorian calendar was called by Protestants to avoid mentioning the name of Pope Gregory XIII. Sunday, 18 February (Old Style) was thus followed by Monday, 1 March (New Style).

History
In 1692, the Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold I, elevated George's son, Duke Ernest Augustus to the rank of elector of the empire as a reward for aid given in the War of the Grand Alliance. There were protests against the addition of a new elector, and the elevation did not become official (with the approval of the Imperial Diet) until 1708, in the person of Ernest Augustus's son, George Louis. Though the elector's titles were properly duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and elector of the Holy Roman Empire, he is commonly referred to as the elector of Hanover after his residence.

Hanover acquired Bremen-Verden in 1719.

The electorate was legally bound to be indivisible: it could add to its territory, but not alienate territory or be split up among several heirs; and its succession was to follow male primogeniture. The territory assigned to the electorate included the Brunswick-Lüneburg principalities of Calenberg, Grubenhagen, and Lüneburg (even though at the time Lüneburg was ruled by Ernest Augustus's older brother) and the counties of Diepholz and Hoya.

Link with Great Britain
In 1714, George Louis became king of Great Britain and Ireland and so the electorate and Great Britain and Ireland were ruled in personal union. The possessions of the electors in Germany also grew, as they de facto purchased the formerly-Swedish-held duchies of Bremen and Verden in 1719.

George Louis died in 1727 and was succeeded by his son George II Augustus. In 1728, Emperor Charles VI officially enfeoffed George II (gave him land in exchange for a pledge of service), with the reverted fief of Saxe-Lauenburg, which had de facto been ruled in personal union with Hanover and with one of its preceding Principality of Lüneburg since 1689.

In 1731, Hanover also gained Hadeln. In return, Hanover recognised the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, which changed the Habsburgs' inheritance law. It took George II Augustus until 1733 to persuade Charles VI to enfeoff him also with the Duchy of Bremen and the Principality of Verden, colloquially called Duchies of Bremen-Verden. At both enfeoffments, George II Augustus swore that he would respect the existing privileges and constitutions of the estates in Bremen-Verden and in Hadeln, thus confirming 400-year-old traditions of estate participation in government.

In Hanover, the capital of the electorate, the Privy Council of Hanover (electoral government) installed a new ministry in charge of the Imperial Estates ruled by the electors in personal union. It was called the Department of Bremen-Verden, Hadeln, Lauenburg and Bentheim. However, the electors spent most of their time in England. Direct contact with the electorate was maintained through the office of the German Chancery, situated in St James's Palace in London.

Seven Years' War
During the French and Indian War (1754–1763) in the North American colonies, Britain feared a French invasion of Hanover. George II formed an alliance with his Prussian cousin Frederick II combining the North American conflict with the Brandenburg-Prusso–Austrian Third Silesian, or Seven Years' War (1756–1763).

In the summer of 1757, the French invaded Hanover and defeated George II's son Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, leading the Anglo-Hanoverian army, at the Battle of Hastenbeck and drove him and his army into remote Bremen-Verden, where in the former Zeven he capitulated on 18 September (Convention of Kloster-Zeven). However, George II did not recognise the convention. The following year, the British Army, supported by troops from Prussia, Hesse-Kassel and the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, again expelled the occupants. Hanover remained unaffected for the rest of the war.

French Revolutionary Wars
After the war ended, peace prevailed until the French Revolutionary Wars started. The War of the First Coalition against France (1792–1797) with Great Britain, Hanover and other war allies forming the coalition, did not affect Hanoverian territory since the first French Republic was fighting on several fronts, even on its own territory. However, men were drafted to recruit the 16,000 Hanoverian soldiers fighting in the Low Countries under British command against France. In 1795, the Holy Roman Empire declared its neutrality, including Hanover, but a peace treaty with France was being negotiated until it failed in 1799. Prussia, however, ended for its part the war with France by the Treaty of Basel (1795), which stipulated that Prussia would ensure the Holy Roman Empire's neutrality in all of the latter's territories north of the demarcation line of the River Main, including the British continental dominions of Hanover, Bremen-Verden, and Saxe-Lauenburg. To that end, Hanover also had to provide troops for the so-called demarcation army maintaining the armed neutrality.

Napoleonic era
During the War of the Second Coalition against France (1799–1802) Napoléon Bonaparte urged Prussia to occupy the continental British dominions. In 1801, there was an invasion of 24,000 Prussian soldiers that surprised Hanover, which surrendered without a fight. In April they arrived at Bremen-Verden's capital, Stade, and stayed there until October. The British first ignored Prussian hostility, but when the latter joined the pro-French coalition of armed neutral powers, including Denmark-Norway and Russia, Britain began to capture Prussian ships. After the Battle of Copenhagen (1801), the coalition fell apart and Prussia withdrew its troops.

As part of the German Mediatisation of 25 February 1803, the electorate received the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück in real union, which had been ruled by every second ruler of the House of Hanover since 1662.

After Britain, this time without any allies, had declared war on France (18 May 1803), French troops invaded Hanover on 26 May. According to the Convention of Artlenburg (5 July 1803), confirming the military defeat of Hanover, the Hanoverian Army was disarmed, and its horses and ammunitions were handed over to the French. The Privy Council of Hanover, with the minister Friedrich Franz Dieterich von Bremer holding up the Hanoverian stake, fled to Saxe-Lauenburg, across the Elbe, which was ruled by Britain and Hanover in personal union. Soon, the French also occupied Saxe-Lauenburg.

In the autumn of 1805, at the beginning of the War of the Third Coalition against France (1805), the French occupying troops left Hanover in a campaign against Austria. British, Swedish and Russian coalition forces captured Hanover. In December, the French Empire, since 1804 France's new government, ceded Hanover, which it no longer held, to Prussia, which captured it in early 1806.

On 6 August 1806, the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved, thereby abolishing the function of prince-electors electing its emperors. After Prussia had turned against France in the War of the Fourth Coalition, it was defeated in the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt (11 November 1806), and France recaptured Hanover.

Following the Treaty of Tilsit in 1807, the new Kingdom of Westphalia was founded, ruled by Napoléon's brother Jérôme Bonaparte, then including territories of the former Electorate of Hesse-Kassel, the ducal Brunswick-Lüneburgian principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and formerly-Prussian territories. In early 1810 Hanover proper and Bremen-Verden but not Saxe-Lauenburg were also annexed by Westphalia. In an attempt to assert the Continental System, the French Empire annexed in late 1810 all of the continental North Sea coast (as far as Denmark) and the areas along the sections of the rivers navigable for seagoing vessels, including Bremen-Verden and Saxe-Lauenburg and some adjacent territories of Hanover proper.

However, the government of George III did not recognise the French annexation and was at war continuously with France for the entire period, and Hanoverian ministers continued to operate out of London. The Privy Council of Hanover maintained its own separate diplomatic service, which maintained links with countries such as Austria and Prussia. The Hanoverian Army was dissolved, but many of the officers and soldiers went to England, where they formed the King's German Legion. That was the only German army to fight continually throughout the Napoleonic Wars against the French.

French control lasted until October 1813, when the territory was overrun by Russian troops, and the Battle of Leipzig later that month spelled the definitive end to the Napoleonic client state of Westphalia, as well as the entire Confederation of the Rhine, and the rule of the House of Hanover was restored. The former electorate became the Kingdom of Hanover, which was confirmed at the Congress of Vienna in 1814.

Electors of Hanover
The electorate was legally indivisible: it could add to its territory, but not alienate territory or be split up among several heirs, as had been the rule before, which led at times to a multitude of Brunswick-Lüneburgian principalities. Its succession was to follow male primogeniture. Since that was against Salic law, which was then valid for the ducal family, the change needed imperial confirmation, which Emperor Leopold I granted in 1692.

In 1692, at its upgrading to the rank of electorate, its territory comprised the Brunswick-Lüneburgian principalities of Calenberg and Grubenhagen, which the line of the former had already inherited in 1665. However, before the confirmation of the electorate by the Imperial Diet in 1708, the Calenberg line further inherited the principality of Celle in 1705. Further included were the earlier-acquired counties of Diepholz and Hoya.

Although the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in 1806, George III's government did not consider the dissolution to be final, and he continued to be styled "Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, Arch-treasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire" until 1814.

title: Electorate of Hanover


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Matter and Memory

Matter and Memory (French: Matière et mémoire, 1896) is a book by the French philosopher Henri Bergson. Its subtitle is Essay on the relation of body and spirit (Essai sur la relation du corps à l’esprit), and the work presents an analysis of the classical philosophical problems concerning this relation. Within that frame, the analysis of memory serves the purpose of clarifying the problem.

Matter and Memory was written in reaction to the book The Maladies of Memory by Théodule Ribot, which appeared in 1881. Ribot claimed that the findings of brain science proved that memory is lodged within a particular part of the nervous system; localized within the brain and thus being of a material nature. Bergson was opposed to this reduction of spirit to matter. Defending a clear anti-reductionist position, he considered memory to be of a deeply spiritual nature, the brain serving the need of orienting present action by inserting relevant memories. The brain thus being of a practical nature, certain lesions tend to perturb this practical function, but without erasing memory as such. The memories are, instead, simply not 'incarnated,' and cannot serve their purpose.

Various forms of memory
Bergson distinguishes between two different forms of memory. The first category consists of memories concerning habitude, replaying and repeating past action — not strictly recognized as representing the past, but utilizing it for the purpose of present action. This kind of memory is automatic, inscribed within the body, and serves a utilitarian purpose. Bergson takes as an example the learning of a verse by rote — i.e., a recitation tending toward non-reflective and mechanical repetition. The duration of habitual recitation tends toward the regular, and one may compare this kind of memory to practical knowledge or habit. "It is habitude clarified by memory, more than memory itself strictly speaking." Pure memory, on the other hand, registers the past in the form of "image-remembrance," representing the past, recognized as such. It is of a contemplative and fundamentally spiritual kind, and it is free. This is true memory. Bergson takes as his example the remembrance of the lesson of learning the same verse — i.e., a dated fact that cannot be recreated. Pure memory or remembrance permits the acknowledgment that the lesson has been learned in the past, cannot be repeated, and is not internal to the body.

Metaphysical consequences
Bergson accused classical metaphysics of misrepresenting its assumed problems, and of being guilty of posing secondary problems as being principal. The problem posed by Bergson was thus well known, but he redefined the way of posing it. Each of his four main works follows the same principle — responding to a precisely posed problem; in Matter and Memory, Descartes's problem of spirit and body — stated as being two substances with different attributes. Descartes's fault lies in defining matter and memory as substances or res, thus not separating them distinctly.

Bergson really does distinguish the spirit from the body, but as opposed to in Descartes's classical philosophy, the distinction resides in the temporal domain, not in the spatial. The spirit is the abode of the past; the body of the present; the soul or spirit always anchored in the past, not residing in the present; lodged in the past, and contemplating the present. To have or take consciousness of anything, means looking at it from the viewpoint of the past, in light of the past. Contenting oneself with reacting to an external stimulus means being unconscious of the act; an existence within the sheer presence of the body. Consciousness means, invariably, delaying reaction to stimuli; the interval accompanied by the conscious awareness that the spirit is anchored within the past. One becomes conscious while being anchored in the past, in light of the past, in view of appropriate action directed towards the immediate future. The articulation of time — past, present, future — finds place through the union of spirit and body. The more the spirit descends into the past, the more one becomes conscious. The more one acts automatically, the more one exists in the present, in the temporal domain of the body. And one always stays within one domain or the other. True awareness necessitates the united action of body and spirit. According to Bergson, the "impulsive person" suspends his consciousness and stays within the unreflective domain of automatism.

The role of affection
Bergson contended that we do not know our bodies only "from without" by perceptions, but also "from within" by affections.

Modern cognitive science
Present developments of modern selectionist theories of memory in cognitive science seems to confirm Bergson's theories. Selectionist models offer new and potentially useful approaches to a theory of remembering. On the model of natural selection, these selectionist theories require at least two processing components: a device which generates a range of memory representations and a selection process which preserves a subset of those representations. Bergson shows how the subjective experience of remembering might be understood within a selectionist framework.

The book is considered to be a major philosophical contribution to the analysis of implicit memory.

Editions

 * Matter and Memory, 1990 (Matière et Mémoire, 1896), translators N.M. Paul and W.S. Palmer. Zone Books ISBN 978-0-942299-05-2
 * Matter and Memory 2004. [Republication of the 1912 MacMillan edition, translators N. Margaret Paul and W. Scott Palmer. Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-43415-X.]

title: Matter and Memory


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Talk:Don Knotts

vandalism
The introduction to this article appears to have been vandalized, please revise accordingly.

Leaving Andy Griffith
Why did Don Knotts leave The Andy Griffith Show in 1965? The show was nowhere near as funny when "Barney Fife" left the show. I presume the ratings of the show dropped dramatically as well. Also, the show was less charming in color as opposed to black & white. Do any of oyu agree?

According to a biography I saw, Andy Griffith was thinking about leaving the show (I think around season 5 or 6) and Don Knotts started looking for a new job thinking the series was ending, but when Andy decided to stay, Don had already committed to other projects. Tom Willis

 * According to some of the biographies out there, Griffith had told Knotts near the begininng that he had only planned to do the show for a set number of seasons. When that time came Knotts started to look at leaving thinking the show was going to end but was suprised to learn that Griffith decided to stay.  By that time Knotts had already indicated his wish to depart and I believe he felt a bit angry that Griffith hadn't mentioned that he was going to stay.--Skeev 19:53, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

Andy Griffith was on Larry King tonight (3/1), and he said that when the show started, it was planned to go 5 seasons. During the fifth season Knotts started to look for work as he thought the show would end. When Griffith announced he decided to stay on, Knotts was already under contract at Universal and so had to leave. -- Ash

 * The original plan for a predetermined run of the Andy Griffith Show only partly explains the departure of Knotts. As I understand it, Knotts wanted to parlay his television success into film. He is quoted as saying (in a video-taped interview) that even at the time he thought it might have been a mistake (to leave the Andy Griffith Show). Jeff Mincey (talk) 21:04, 28 June 2008 (UTC)

 * It's only natural. As loved and successful as his Fife role was, he, like most TV stars, saw film as a move up. – AndyFielding (talk) 09:26, 4 July 2022 (UTC)

Pittsburgh?
Why is he listed in the Pittsburgher category?

Death?

 * I can't find any news reports that confirm this. Until someone posts a link confirming it, it really shouldn't be here (and yes, I've made the mistake of jumping the gun on deaths before). Danny Lilithborne 22:42, 25 February 2006 (UTC)
 * And now you've made the mistake of reverting accurate info. - Nunh-huh 22:49, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

"Don Knotts, TV's Lovable Nerd, Dies at 81" http://entertainment.tv.yahoo.com/entnews/ap/20060225/114091842000.html

I'm going to fix the date. Saline

ACK, nevermind, the date is right, 24th, leave 24th. Saline

Don Knotts... was a man and a legend... in his passing the world has lost a pillar of greatness. Daniel J. Forman 23:32, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

The article states that Andy Griffith was at Knotts' bedside when he died. I would like to believe that's true, but I haven't seen it stated anywhere else. What is the source for this? Rich 03:17, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

On Larry King (3/1), Andy Griffith stated that he visited Knotts in the evening, but left around 6:30 or 7:00, and Knotts passed away at 11:00. Knotts' daughter Karen was at his bedside when he passed, and they made no mention of anyone else being present or absent --Ash61

Career Comeback
Knotts was essentially trick casting for his role in "Pleasantville," since he himself is sort of a relic of a bygone, "innocent" era of T.V. His role in that film hardly brought him a plethora of new acting work, and I wouldn't really call it a comeback, so I'm going to change this wording... Pacian 00:15, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

Knotts worked in theater up until 2003 at least, including a revival of On Golden Pond, and worked in some shows with his daughter Karen Knotts. He was doing voice over work a month before he passed (Ash61)

Scooby-Doo?
Wasn't he among the celebrity guests who turned up in Scooby-Doo cartoons? I never watch Andy Griffith and I'm pretty sure that was my first introduction to him. --Do Not Talk About Feitclub (contributions) 01:09, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

Where did he die?
I've found 350 sources through Google News that say he died at Cedars and 17 that say he died at UCLA. I suspect the former is correct despite what the article currently says. Here are the searches I did:

 * Cedars
 * UCLA

Theshibboleth 01:56, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

On Larry King (3/1), Andy Griffith and Karen Knotts mentioned that he was in UCLA --Ash61

Recurring role in Andy Griffith Show
I'm little suprised that it goes from Knotts leaving the show to his later work and on to the reunion but never mentions that he did appear at least once more (or was it more?) on the show as a guest. The only appearence I remember offhand was when he comes to visit from Raleigh and is afraid to tell people that he's not doing as well as he hoped with the Raleigh department. I believe there were others when Andy visted him. --Skeev 19:57, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Andy Griffith stated on Larry King (3/1) that Knotts made 3 appearences on the show after he left in 65, and won Emmy's for 2 of those appearences, making a total of 5 Emmys that Knotts won for playing Barney Fife (Ash66)

 * That's probably something that should be added to the article rather than leaving the impression that he left and never looked back until the reunion.--Skeev 15:50, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Don Knotts married?
Was Don Knotts ever married? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 69.148.167.29 (talk) 00:26, 12 April 2007 (UTC).

Personal life?
I've done a bit of revision to move what was already written around in chronological order, and to incorporate some of the (still too long) trivia section into the main article. I'm thinking, though, that someone must have some info on his personal life. We know he had a daughter- what about a wife, other kids, etc? ChrisStansfield 11:52, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

trivia
the trivia is a little lame. a lot of it amounts to name-dropping. a character in one show mentions an actor from another--that's trivial, but not any more noteworthy than the list of politicians mentioned on murphy brown. all don knots had to do with these shows was get referenced by a character? a dozen people get name-dropped every week on family guy... 76.238.60.13 16:16, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

Emmies
Has any actor earned more Emmies than Don Knotts? Softlavender (talk) 12:32, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

Death
Great article. One suggestion- making distinction between “pulmonary” and “respiratory” complications of lung cancer is not necessary. I think “respiratory complications of related to (of) lung cancer” would be somewhat better. (Yanmak (talk) 21:21, 31 December 2008 (UTC))

Early Life
The article lists Knotts as having two brothers. According to the Archive of American Television Interview at about 2' 37", Knotts says he had 3 older brothers: Willis, Earl and Ralph. Spidra (talk) 06:43, 20 June 2010 (UTC)spidra

No Deposit, No Return
In 'filmography' No Deposit, No Return should be under film, unless... was it made for television? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.193.200.216 (talk) 06:51, 15 January 2012 (UTC)

Inaccuracies in "Post-Mayberry films".
According to the article, Don Knotts made "It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World" and "The Incredible Mr. Limpet" after he left "The Andy Griffith Show." That's not true. Those films were released in 1963 and 1964 respectively, and Knotts didn't leave "The Andy Griffith Show" until 1965.97.73.64.149 (talk) 02:24, 26 July 2012 (UTC)

"Windy Wales"
Mention should be made of Don's portrayal of Windy Wales (who told tall tales) on the Bobby Benson and His B-Bar-B Riders radio series beginning in 1949. The character's name was, of course, a take-off on that of western sidekick George "Gabby" Hayes.

Griffith said in an interview he had been a fan of the radio series and that during auditions for supporting roles in his own TV series, he recognized Don's voice as that of Windy Wales and hired him immediately.76.199.5.143 (talk) 15:52, 4 October 2015 (UTC)

The Shakiest Gun in the West
Looking at the lede, I know Knotts was very well known for Barney Fife, probably also for Mr. Limpet which was shown on TV very frequently following its initial release, and maybe also for Steve Allen Show which was before my time, but is he that well known for The Shakiest Gun in the West? I don't remember that movie being particularly popular, at least not any more so than Knotts' other movies (and certainly less known than Mr. Limpet). Does the film have a big cult following or did I miss something? The only things I really remember Knotts for between Andy Griffith and Three's Company are Mr. Limpet and a few Disney kids' films where he usually played half of a bumbling duo. TheBlinkster (talk) 05:51, 26 November 2015 (UTC)

Add link to daughter Karen
Optionally, add link to the new page for his daughter Karen created July 25, 2016 A21stCenturyEducator (talk) 03:41, 26 July 2016 (UTC) Johnny Booker

Don Knotts related to Ron Howard?
I nominate immediate deletion of the statement: "Knotts is a sixth cousin of Ron Howard, a co-star on The Andy Griffith Show." Notable that Ron Howard never mentions the relationship in his eulogy for Don Knotts or in subsequent articles where Howard talks about his time working with Knotts. There are no articles, interviews, or books published prior to May 2017 (when the statement was added) that cite this relationship. However, the statement appears verbatim in a self-pub book "The Kings & Queens of Hollywood Comedy" published in March 2017 which also lacks citation. MUnderwood 17:18, 15 August 2017 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wikieditor 3833 (talk • contribs)

Lead
The lead of the article has been going back and forth between two versions (refs removed):

 * Jesse Donald Knotts (July 21, 1924 – February 24, 2006) was an American actor and comedian, widely known for his role as Deputy Sheriff Barney Fife on The Andy Griffith Show, a 1960s sitcom for which he earned five Emmy Awards, and for his role as Ralph Furley on the highly rated sitcom Three's Company from 1979 to 1984.
 * Jesse Donald Knotts (July 21, 1924 – February 24, 2006) was an American actor and comedian. He was widely known for his role as Deputy Sheriff Barney Fife on The Andy Griffith Show, a 1960s sitcom for which he earned five Emmy Awards.  He also played Ralph Furley on the highly rated sitcom Three's Company from 1979 to 1984.

, perhaps you could discuss it here instead of in edit summaries? Schazjmd  (talk)  15:40, 24 January 2021 (UTC)

 * It's mostly a question of style: I think that the longer sentence reads better, because "He was", "He ..." is repetitive. The sentence could be rewritten:

"Jesse Donald Knotts (July 21, 1924 – February 24, 2006) was an American actor and comedian widely known for his role as Deputy Sheriff Barney Fife on The Andy Griffith Show, for which he earned five Emmy Awards, and for his role as Ralph Furley in Three's Company."

 * Removes some of the extra details while keeping it in one flowing sentence. Anyway, not a major issue. RandomCanadian (talk / contribs) 15:47, 24 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I just thought maybe you two could talk it out here, since you've both reverted twice. Neither version is wrong. Schazjmd   (talk)  15:51, 24 January 2021 (UTC)

 * The first one is appropriate because it simply states the two shows he was widely known for. Breaking it up changes the entire context. I thought we already dealt with this years ago. P37307 (talk) 15:53, 24 January 2021 (UTC)

Dodge commercials
A little more mention might be in order about Knotts being the commercial spokesperson for Dodge Trucks. The earliest appearance I have found on YouTube is a dealer promotional film he starred in, dated 1965. There is at least one general market TV spot on YouTube dating from that year.--Msr69er (talk) 14:28, 24 February 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 March 2022
While serving in WWII Knotts was awarded the World War II Victory Medal, Philippine Liberation Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (with 4 bronze service stars), Army Good Conduct Medal, Marksman Badge (with Carbine Bar) and Honorable Service Lapel Pin. BullGa8tor (talk) 04:17, 27 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 09:44, 27 March 2022 (UTC)

Matlock
I could be wrong, but I feel sure I saw Don Knotts on Andy Griffith’s TV show “Matlock”. 107.11.180.184 (talk) 22:24, 21 April 2022 (UTC)
 * You did. Matlock is listed in Knotts' TV credits. Schazjmd   (talk)  22:49, 21 April 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 30 April 2022
One of the links in the main description leads to the Wikipedia page for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress, rather than the page for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor, which is what Don Knotts won. Physicsboyt (talk) 22:04, 30 April 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ Thanks for catching that! Schazjmd   (talk)  22:09, 30 April 2022 (UTC)

Edit
It’s “man ON the street”. 2601:196:8780:9B60:E951:A05A:31D8:2D75 (talk) 23:21, 13 July 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 August 2022
It mentions Knotts’ appearance in That 70’s Show and says he “plays Fez, Jackie’s landlord.” Fez is another established character on the show. It should be changed to either “plays Jackie and Fez’s landlord” or simply that he plays the landlord. Proof can be found in the filmography/tv show section of the same page. 2600:1700:9A21:A10:C76:F58B:9B:57D0 (talk) 03:15, 10 August 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ - FlightTime  ( open channel ) 03:26, 10 August 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 17 August 2022
Incorrect hyperlink on "It's a Mad, Mad, Mad World" film title. 47.232.190.190 (talk) 04:56, 17 August 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ --*Fehufangą (✉ Talk · ✎ Contribs) 06:10, 17 August 2022 (UTC)
 * By 107.119.69.43 (talk) 02:58, 10 January 2023 (UTC)

No time for Sergeants
Knotts was not the test administrator. 71.182.144.131 (talk) 19:04, 7 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Don Knotts


text:
Thomas Corbett, 2nd Baron Rowallan

Thomas Godfrey Polson Corbett, 2nd Baron Rowallan, (19 December 1895 – 30 November 1977), had a distinguished military career in the British Army and was Governor of Tasmania from 1959 to 1963. The Boy Scouts Association appointed him as its Chief Scout of the British Commonwealth and Empire from 1945 to 1959.

Family life & death
The first son of Archibald Corbett, the Liberal politician and property developer, and Alice Mary, the daughter of John Polson, a corn merchant, Thomas Corbett was born in Chelsea, London, on 19 December 1895 and was brought up in London and on the family's Scottish estates. Known as "Billy" to the family, he was educated at Gibbs School in Sloane Street, London, Wellington House Preparatory School in Westgate-on-Sea and Eton College. His mother died of sepsis, in 1902. His elder sister, Elsie Cameron Corbett, became a volunteer ambulance driver in Serbia during the First World War and was awarded British and Serbian medals. His younger brother, Arthur Cameron Corbett, died in military service.

Corbett married Gwyn Mervyn Grimond on 14 August 1918. She was the daughter of Joseph Bowman Grimond of St Andrews, Fife, and sister of Jo Grimond, later Baron Grimond, leader of the Liberal Party 1956–67. He had met her while on leave from war service; they had five sons and a daughter. On leaving the British Army, he became a successful breeder of pedigree dairy cattle on the family estate in Ayrshire and campaigned for the eradication of bovine tuberculosis. He succeeded as The 2nd Baron Rowallan on 19 March 1933.

In 1961, Lord Rowallan was diagnosed as suffering from cancer of the palate, for which he took leave as Governor of Tasmania and was treated in London. He retired in 1963 to his family estate in Scotland. He completed his autobiography, "Rowallan", in his eightieth year. Lord Rowallan died at Rowallan Castle, near Kilmarnock, on 30 November 1977. He was survived by his daughter and four of his five sons; his other son, John, had been killed in action in 1944.

First World War
Corbett was 18 when the First World War broke out; he secured a Commission in the Ayrshire Yeomanry and went with them to Gallipoli in October 1915. The Ayrshires were amongst the last troops to be evacuated and went from there to Egypt, forming part of the cavalry reserve in the Second Battle of Gaza. He then transferred to the Grenadier Guards; after re-training he was sent to the Western Front in March 1918, joining the 1st Battalion at Mercatel as a lieutenant. This coincided with the German Spring Offensive (Operation Michael), and the battalion was soon in action. At Boyelles on 30 March 1918, Corbett attempted to dig out some wounded soldiers who had been buried by artillery, while "under heavy fire and in full view of the enemy" and was awarded the Military Cross but received a leg wound which left him with a permanent disability.

Second World War
Between the wars, Corbett served as Adjutant of the Ayrshire Yeomanry. In 1939, Corbett raised a new Territorial Army battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers whom he accompanied to France as part of the British Expeditionary Force in 1939. Evacuated from Cherbourg during Operation Aerial, he was then given command of a Young Soldiers’ Battalion in the Scottish Highlands; the adventurous training he initiated was based in part on his long association with the Scout Movement. His success earned him the position of Commandant at the new Highland Fieldcraft Training Centre in Glenfeshie and Poolewe, which had been established to provide leadership experience to junior officers. A measure of his influence is that a "Rowallan Company" was formed at Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 1977 using his methods to improve the performance of Officer Cadets.

National Bank of Scotland
Rowallan was a Governor of the National Bank of Scotland from 1947 until 1953.

Governor of Tasmania
Lord Rowallan became Governor of Tasmania on 21 October 1959, despite the Labor Party having resolved that the next Governor of Tasmania should be an Australian. He did much to promote Tasmania and to protect its interests and sovereignty. Rowallan Power Station and its associated dam and lake are named after him. In his spare time, he built up a herd of Jersey cattle at Government House and sailed a yacht which he later gave to the local Sea Scouts. Following his illness and leave in 1961, his term of office ended on 25 March 1963.

Boy Scouts Association
Rowallan had become the Boy Scouts Association district commissioner for north-west Ayrshire in 1922. In 1944, the Boy Scouts Association appointed him Scottish headquarters commissioner for leader training. In 1945, the Boy Scouts Association appointed him as its Chief Scout of the United Kingdom and Dependant Territories in February and Chief Scout of the British Commonwealth and Empire in April, appointments he retained until 1959. Rowallan also served on the International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement's committee from 1947 until 1953.

As the Boy Scouts Association's Chief Scout, Rowallan travelled widely, encouraging the post-war growth of Scouting; his tours included:
 * Belgium (April 1945)
 * Canada (August – September 1946)
 * Gambia, Sierra Leone, Gold Coast and Nigeria including the West African Jamboree (January – March 1947)
 * United States of America (May 1948)
 * Australia and New Zealand (1948–49)
 * Union of South Africa, Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland (January – March 1950)
 * Kenya, Zanzibar, Tanganyika and Uganda (October – December 1950)
 * Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British Guiana, British Honduras, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts, Saint Vincent and Trinidad (January – April 1952)
 * Suez Canal Zone, Cyprus, Gibraltar, Malta, Greece and Italy (May – June 1954)
 * Scandinavia (July 1954)
 * Borneo, Brunei, Ceylon, Hong Kong, Malaya, Sarawak and Singapore (September – October 1954)
 * Australia including the Pan-Pacific Jamboree, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Tonga and the Solomon Islands (December 1955 – February 1956)
 * Canada (September – October 1958)
 * Southern Rhodesia including the Central African Jamboree (May 1959)

In 1957, the International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement's committee awarded Rowallan its only distinction, the Bronze Wolf, for exceptional services to world Scouting. The Boy Scouts of America awarded Rowallan its highest award, the Silver Buffalo Award in 1948. Scout camp sites in Riddells Creek in Victoria, and Wrexham in Wales are named after him; as is the Kenya Scouts Association Headquarters Campsite in Nairobi.

Other awards and recognition

 * Knight of the Order of the Thistle in March 1957.
 * Freedom of the City of Edinburgh, March 1957
 * 1954, a Britannia Class Locomotive (No. 70045) was named in his honour.

title: Thomas Corbett, 2nd Baron Rowallan


text:
User talk:Jan.de.mooij

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Jan.de.mooij


text:
Viscount Newhaven

Viscount Newhaven was a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created 17 May 1681 for Charles Cheyne (or Cheyney), a Member of Parliament and Clerk of the Pipe. He was made Lord Cheyne at the same time, also in the Peerage of Scotland. He married Lady Jane Cavendish, a daughter of William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle by whom he was the father of William Cheyne, 2nd Viscount Newhaven. Charles purchased the estate of Chelsea, Middlesex (now in Central London), and was buried at Chelsea Old Church. After him are named Cheyne Row, Upper Cheyne Row and Cheyne Walk, in Chelsea. Upon the death of the 2nd Viscount on 26 May 1728 without issue, both titles became extinct.

Viscount Newhaven (1681)

 * Charles Cheyne, 1st Viscount Newhaven (c. 1624–1698)
 * William Cheyne, 2nd Viscount Newhaven (1657–1728)

title: Viscount Newhaven


text:
Talk:Bark (sound)

comment
I would like to see a section on the physiology of barking. I've heard that barking is different from how the human voice works, thus a dog's "voice" doesn't get tired after hours of barking, but there is nothing about the nature of it here. If anyone is qualified, please consider writing such a section. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.65.200.205 (talk) 13:15, 25 May 2009 (UTC)

You don't need to take article to AfD to rid them of unencyclopedic material or to redirect them. Please explain why we need an article about a dicdef with a whole lot of translations of onomatopoeia in other languages?

Peter Isotalo 16:20, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It's already been discussed (and decided upon) in VfD - see Talk:Oink. -- ChrisO 18:03, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "Oink" is really more of an interjection than a noun to begin with, making it very questionable as a Wikipedia article. Also, AfDs are not precedents for anything other than the article being voted on, and I still say that oink is no less a dictionary definition than "help", "jolted" or "greet". An encyclopedic article has to contain something other than comments on how the term is used and its etymology; that's what dictionaries are for. There's no harm in mentioning usage of actual encyclopedic terms, but not to keep articles merely to duplicate content intended for Wiktionaries. "Why dogs bark" belongs in dog not here, and the rest is just a long list of foreign language onomatopoeia.
 * Peter Isotalo 09:50, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

barklessness
A number of dog species do not bark. I don't know much about it, but this is probably a good place to cover the phenom, if someone knows enough to do so... Tom e rtalk 06:40, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

WP is not a how to
The "bark control" appears to be written in an instructional format. Wikipedia is not an instruction manual; it is not a how to. Shouldn't the section be rewritten or removed? GO-PCHS-NJROTC (Messages) 01:58, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

It ideally should go to Wikihow since there's no need to remove a perfectly good piece when it would fit on one of the other wikis. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.86.45.4 (talk) 22:21, 5 October 2009 (UTC)

Nuisance
chkcghkcgkgkgkghghcghh There's a link to nuisance at the bottom of the page, which dosen't exactly have much to do with the article and isn't from a perspective of neutrality. I'm new, though; I'll leave it up to you. Kausill (talk) 00:07, 22 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Agreed. It's gone now. Gobonobo  T C 05:52, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

An image of a dog barking?!
lol 85.65.84.165 (talk) 10:07, 4 July 2009 (UTC)

onomatopoeic terms
The onomatopoeic terms are what I came looking for. While I can see that it's not necessarily related to barking, the phenomenon of how a word is written controls how we hear a sound is significant that it needs mentioning and cataloguing *somewhere* in the wiki. Ideally, though, there'd be a single central table of all onomatopoeias, possibly on some related wiki rather than wikipedia itself, akin to Derek Abbott's effort here: http://www.eleceng.adelaide.edu.au/personal/dabbott/animal.html

I added the quintessential French sound (everyone who's grown up with Tintin will know Snowy's "ouah, ouah"), as well as a few others from the above source, plus http://www.gbarto.com/languages/animasounds.html. - DewiMorgan (talk) 20:30, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

The onamtopeic words cannon be described as transliterations as a transliteration is a mapping of one system of writing to another. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.78.240.73 (talk) 07:30, 22 December 2009 (UTC)

Change name from Bark (utterance)
I don't think a bark is an utterance. Utterances are a part of spoken language. I believe a more precise naming convention is in order and propose moving this page to bark (vocalization) or bark (vocalisation). Gobonobo T C 00:38, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

 * You are wrong about that.
 * http://www.thefreedictionary.com/utter
 * ut·tered, ut·ter·ing, ut·ters
 * 1. To send forth with the voice:

 * There is nothing wrong with using "utterance" to refer to a dog's bark. Now kindly remove the "neutrality disputed" bullshit at the top of the page, please.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 114.45.224.186 (talk) 12:50, 31 July 2010 (UTC)

Image
Removing the image at the top of this page per WP:Images; the image in no way contributes to the article or exemplifies the concept of barking (the dog in the photo could be grinning, for all we know). It's merely a picture of a dog with its mouth open. True, it might be hard to find an image for barking at all since it's a sound phenomenon, but that's no excuse to put up an ambiguous picture and try to pass it off as a helpful one. 192.83.228.119 (talk) 18:46, 24 February 2010 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Armbrust, B.Ed. WrestleMania XXVIII The Undertaker 20–0  06:00, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Bark (utterance) → Bark (sound) – Echoing the concerns expressed here in 2010, I think "utterance" carries a connotation of spoken words. Compare to Quack (sound), which redirects to a section of Duck. Bark (vocalization) could be a more formal alternative. BDD (talk) 18:01, 5 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Support, and "vocalization" would be fine too. Yes, "utterance" has the wrong connotation to my mind; even though the dictionary seems to have some non-speech definitions for "utterance", including the cry or call of an animal, those feel incorrect. I wonder if this is a regional difference of some kind. — P.T. Aufrette (talk) 05:34, 6 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Support, makes sense to me. Miyagawa   (talk)  22:07, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Dogs and Wolves
The section "Barking in dogs" opens with the assertion that dogs and wolves are unquestionably unique species. This is entirely false and actually completely opposite of the truth. Currently, the domestic dog is scientifically classified as Canis lupus domicticus, a domesticated subspecies of the wolf. They are no longer considered to be a separate species. The section places some emphasis on the degree of difference between dogs and wolve, and needs to be revised. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.45.169.2 (talk) 22:54, 10 December 2012 (UTC)

Ancient Greek

 * I assume the "ghav ghav" is modern Greek. Any idea what it might have been in Ancient Greek? Cake (talk) 00:38, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * ἆυ ἆυ ἆυ Anthony Appleyard (talk) 11:04, 22 February 2020 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110629171751/http://www.umass.edu/newsoffice/images/upload/Behavioural%20Processes%20paper_0.pdf to http://www.umass.edu/newsoffice/images/upload/Behavioural%20Processes%20paper_0.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050816201935/http://www.hilltopanimalhospital.com:80/barking%20dogs.htm to http://www.hilltopanimalhospital.com/barking%20dogs.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090417043149/http://www.aspcabehavior.org:80/articles/41/Barking.aspx to http://www.aspcabehavior.org/articles/41/Barking.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110502064540/http://www.junglewalk.com:80/popuptop.asp?type=a&AnimalAudioID=5511 to http://www.junglewalk.com/popuptop.asp?type=a&AnimalAudioID=5511

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"wong1 wong1"
Why does my edit keep getting reverted? I promise I'm not a vandal. 101.100.129.88 (talk) 04:02, 12 June 2018 (UTC)

Inhale or exhale
Mention if the bark is produced by a quick exhale, or inhale?! and if the same in all animals. Jidanni (talk) 01:48, 13 June 2022 (UTC)

Tone alterations
I've been taking steps to improve this article's grammar and tone for some time now. How do we feel about the current state of it? Should we remove the message at the top or should we make further improvements first? Mercedes-Fletcher (talk) 16:25, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bark (sound)


text: User talk:82.31.15.64

title: User talk:82.31.15.64


text:
User talk:TomRobinson

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!
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BTW, I've made Housing market a redirect to Real estate economics. Hope this helps. -- PFHLai 16:20, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I've put in a link from there to British housing market as that's the page I was looking for in the first place. -- TomRobinson 09:19, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

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Unreferenced BLPs
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Nomination of Amsprop for deletion
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title: User talk:TomRobinson


text:
File:Orpheus2.png

Summary
Copyright DC Comics, Cover to Batman: Orpheus Rising #2. Art by Dwayne Turner.

title: File:Orpheus2.png