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Shenandoah (band)

Shenandoah is an American country music band founded in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, in 1984 by Marty Raybon (lead vocals, acoustic guitar), Ralph Ezell (bass guitar, backing vocals), Stan Thorn (keyboards, backing vocals), Jim Seales (lead guitar, backing vocals), and Mike McGuire (drums, background vocals). Thorn and Ezell left the band in the mid-1990s, with Rocky Thacker taking over on bass guitar; Keyboardist Stan Munsey joined the line up in 1995, until his departure in 2018. The band split up in 1997 after Raybon left. Seales and McGuire reformed the band in 2000 with lead singer Brent Lamb, who was in turn replaced by Curtis Wright and then by Jimmy Yeary. Ezell rejoined in the early 2000s, and after his 2007 death, he was replaced by Mike Folsom. Raybon returned to the band in 2014. That same year, Jamie Michael replaced the retiring Jim Seales on lead guitar.

Shenandoah has released nine studio albums, of which two have been certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. The band has also charted twenty-six singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including the Number One hits "The Church on Cumberland Road," "Sunday in the South" and "Two Dozen Roses" from 1989, "Next to You, Next to Me" from 1990, and "If Bubba Can Dance (I Can Too)" from 1994. The late 1994-early 1995 single "Somewhere in the Vicinity of the Heart," which featured guest vocals from Alison Krauss, won both artists a Grammy Award for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals.

History
Lead guitarist Jim Seales and drummer Mike McGuire formed Shenandoah in 1984 as a house band in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, with bass guitarist Ralph Ezell and keyboardist Stan Thorn, as well as lead singer Marty Raybon, who had been in his father's bluegrass band since childhood called American Bluegrass Express, as well as Heartbreak Mountain. Before that, Seales, Thorn, McGuire and Ezell were session musicians. McGuire invited songwriting friend Robert Byrne to one of the session band's shows. Byrne then invited them into his recording studio to record a demo, which he then pitched to Columbia Records' CBS Records division. The band first wanted to assume the name The MGM Band, a name which was rejected for legal reasons. CBS suggested Rhythm Rangers and Shenandoah as possible names, and Raybon chose the latter because he thought that the name Rhythm Rangers "sounded like an amateur band."

1987–1990: Shenandoah and The Road Not Taken
In 1987, Shenandoah released its self-titled debut studio album, which Byrne and Rick Hall produced. This album accounted for the band's first two charting singles in "They Don't Make Love Like We Used To" and "Stop the Rain". The latter was the band's first Top 40 country hit, peaking at number 28 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles (now Hot Country Songs) charts. John Bush of Allmusic wrote that this album "leaned a little close to the pop-schmaltz they later rebelled against."

The Road Not Taken was the band's second album, released in 1988. This album's first two singles — "She Doesn't Cry Anymore", previously found on Shenandoah, and "Mama Knows" — brought the band to the Top Ten for the first time. After these singles came three consecutive Billboard number-one hits: "The Church on Cumberland Road", "Sunday in the South" and "Two Dozen Roses". "The Church on Cumberland Road," with its two-week run at Number One, marked the first time in country music history that a country music band's first number-one single spent more than one week at the top. This song was originally recorded by one of its three writers, former Rockets and Billy Hill member Dennis Robbins as the B-side to his 1987 single "Two of a Kind, Workin' on a Full House"; Garth Brooks would later reach number one in 1991 with a rendition of the latter song. Byrne co-wrote "Two Dozen Roses" with Mac McAnally, a veteran songwriter and session musician who has recorded both as a solo singer and as a member of Jimmy Buffett's Coral Reefer Band. The last single from The Road Not Taken, "See If I Care", reached number 6 on Billboard and number one on Gavin Report. On January 22, 1991, The Road Not Taken earned a gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of 500,000 copies in the United States. Tom Roland of Allmusic gave The Road Not Taken four-and-a-half stars out of five, with his review saying, "The songs mix the day-to-day struggles of everyday-Joe with a steady respect for love, personal roots, and family." In the wake of The Road Not Taken's success, the band played 300 shows in 1989.

1990–1992: Extra Mile and lawsuits
The band achieved its biggest hit in 1990 with the three-week number-one single "Next to You, Next to Me." Written by then-solo singers Robert Ellis Orrall and Curtis Wright, this was the first of five singles from Shenandoah's third album, Extra Mile. "Ghost in This House," "I Got You" (co-written by Teddy Gentry of the band Alabama) and "The Moon Over Georgia" all peaked in the Billboard top ten between late 1990 and mid-1991, with the latter two reaching number one on Gavin Report; "When You Were Mine," the fifth single, stopped at number 38 on Billboard in 1991. Also that year, the band won the Academy of Country Music's Vocal Group of the Year award.

Alanna Nash of Entertainment Weekly gave Extra Mile a B rating, saying that it was "unflinchingly commercial" but adding that "the band goes beyond Alabama's jingoistic flag-waving and Restless Heart's vapid mood-brighteners to showcase intelligent ballads and jaunty rhythm numbers." An uncredited review in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette said that the band "proved that no matter how overcrowded the field is, there's always room for quality." Extra Mile earned a gold certification in the United States.

Following the release of Extra Mile, a band from Kentucky threatened to sue Shenandoah over the use of the name Shenandoah. After a financial settlement was made with the Kentucky band, two other bands filed lawsuits over Shenandoah's name. The lawsuits depleted the money earned by the band on the road, which led to the band asking the label and their production company to all pay one-third of their legal costs. The production company refused, and Shenandoah was forced to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in early 1991 after paying more than 2 million dollars on court settlements and legal fees. Although the lawsuits allowed Shenandoah to keep its name, the bankruptcy filing terminated the contract with Columbia after a 1992 Greatest Hits package. The production company's officials then filed a lawsuit against the band, claiming that it had tried to void its agreement with them. After Shenandoah's departure, there were no other bands on Columbia's Nashville division; as a result, producer Larry Strickland assembled three musicians to create a new band called Matthews, Wright & King in an attempt to keep a commercially successful band on the label.

1992–1994: Long Time Comin' and Under the Kudzu
In 1992, the band had moved to RCA Records Nashville, releasing Long Time Comin' on it that year. This album was produced by Byrne and Keith Stegall, a former solo singer best known for producing Alan Jackson's albums. "Rock My Baby" (another Curtis Wright co-write) led off the single releases, reaching number 2 on Billboard and Radio & Records and number 1 on Gavin Report. After it came the top 30 hits "Hey Mister (I Need This Job)" and "Leavin's Been a Long Time Comin'", whose music video featured a guest appearance by Dallas Cowboy quarterback and NFL hall of famer Troy Aikman as ‘Cowboy Joe’. Also guest appearing was Eddy Arnold. The band was nominated as Vocal Group of the Year at the Academy of Country Music again in 1992. Long Time Comin' received a three-and-a-half star rating from the Chicago Tribune, whose Jack Hurst said that it was "an excellent brand of rural-toned blue-collar music." Nash gave a B− rating in Entertainment Weekly, where she said that the album had a more country pop-oriented sound than its predecessors, but commended the "sincerity" of Raybon's voice and the themes of "family and friendship."

Under the Kudzu, Shenandoah's second RCA album, followed in 1993. It was produced by Don Cook, who was also Brooks & Dunn's producer at the time. "Janie Baker's Love Slave", written by "Burning Love" writer Dennis Linde, was a top 15 Billboard hit from the album early that year. Next came "I Want to Be Loved Like That", which peaked at number three on Billboard, number two on Gavin Report and number one on Radio & Records. The album also included the band's fifth and final Billboard number-one hit, "If Bubba Can Dance (I Can Too)", which Raybon and McGuire wrote with veteran Nashville songwriter Bob McDill after a conversation about line dancing instructions at the local bar Shenandoah started in. "I'll Go Down Loving You," the last single from the album, spent eleven weeks on the Billboard charts and peaked at number 46, thus becoming the band's first single to miss the Top 40 since "They Don't Make Love Like We Used To" in 1987. Michael Corcoran of The Dallas Morning News called Under the Kudzu "their strongest album to date", and Jack Hurst gave it three stars, saying, "Shenandoah carries most of this album with impassioned vocals rather than superior song content."

1994–1995: In the Vicinity of the Heart and collaborations
Columbia's parent company Sony Music Entertainment released ten of the band's Columbia songs in a Super Hits compilation in May 1994, which was certified gold in 2002. Shenandoah also collaborated with country and bluegrass singer Ricky Skaggs on the 1994 Keith Whitley tribute Keith Whitley: A Tribute Album, recording a cover version of Whitley's "All I Ever Loved Was You". Later in 1994, the band left RCA for Liberty Records, then the name for the Nashville division of Capitol Records. RCA gave Liberty the master recordings for a nearly-completed album, to which Liberty added "Somewhere in the Vicinity of the Heart", a song featuring guest vocals from bluegrass musician Alison Krauss. Liberty released the album in November 1994 as In the Vicinity of the Heart, with the number seven-peaking title track also serving as the first single release. This song was also Krauss' first top 40 country hit, and its success helped boost sales of her album Now That I've Found You: A Collection.

Vicinity became the band's fastest-selling album, and the first 175,000 copies were distributed with prepaid telephone cards which included an 800 number that could be called to receive a greeting from the band members. The album also produced the band's last Top Ten hit in "Darned If I Don't (Danged If I Do)." Originally the B-side to "Somewhere in the Vicinity of the Heart," this song was co-written by Ronnie Dunn (of Brooks & Dunn) and songwriter Dean Dillon, best known for co-writing several of George Strait's singles. "Heaven Bound (I'm Ready)" (another Dennis Linde song) and "Always Have, Always Will," peaking at numbers 24 and 40, were the last two releases from the album. Jim Ridley gave the album a two-and-a-half star rating in New Country magazine, citing the vocal performances on the title track and "I Wouldn't Know" as standouts, but saying that the rest of the album did not take any risks.

Raybon released a solo gospel music album for Sparrow Records in July 1995, and in October of the same year, that label released a multi-artist country-gospel album entitled Amazing Grace — A Country Salute to Gospel, to which the band contributed a rendition of "Beulah Land." Shenandoah also covered The Beatles' "Can't Buy Me Love" on the mid-1995 album Come Together: America Salutes The Beatles. "Somewhere in the Vicinity of the Heart" won Shenandoah and Krauss won the 1995 Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Collaboration and the Country Music Association award for Vocal Event, and "Darned If I Don't" was nominated for Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal by a Duo or Group the same year.

1995–1996: Now and Then and Shenandoah Christmas
Stan Thorn and Ralph Ezell left in late 1995 and early 1996, respectively, with Rocky Thacker unofficially replacing Ezell, and songwriter/keyboardist Stan Munsey replacing Thorn. During this time, Liberty Records was renamed Capitol Records Nashville. The band's first album for Capitol, 1996's Now and Then, comprised re-recordings of eight Columbia singles, the original recording of "Somewhere in the Vicinity of the Heart", and five new songs. Among these new songs was the album's only single, "All Over but the Shoutin'," which peaked at number 43 on Billboard.

Nash gave this album an A− rating in Entertainment Weekly, saying that Raybon's voice "beautifully capture[s] the rites of passage in Small Town, USA." Larry Stephens of Country Standard Time also reviewed the album favorably, saying, "The familiar hits on this album have all been re-recorded, but they've lost none of their familiar and loved sound," while Allmusic critic William Ruhlmann gave it two stars out of five and referred to it as a "stopgap."

Shenandoah's first Christmas music album, Shenandoah Christmas, was released in September 1996, also on Capitol. Except for the original song "There's a Way in the Manger," it comprised acoustic renditions of popular Christmas songs. It received a two-and-a-half star rating from Allmusic, whose critic Thom Owens said that none of the renditions were "particularly noteworthy."

1997: Departure of Marty Raybon and disbanding of Shenandoah
Marty Raybon and his brother Tim recorded one album as the Raybon Brothers for MCA Nashville Records in mid-1997. They charted within the top 40 on both the country and Billboard Hot 100 charts with a rendition of the Bob Carlisle song "Butterfly Kisses," followed by the number 64 country release "The Way She's Lookin'." Marty continued to tour with Shenandoah until the end of the year, when the remaining members disbanded and he sold the naming rights. In 2000, he released a second solo album and charted his only solo country chart hit, the number 63 "Cracker Jack Diamond." Raybon remained a solo artist, while Thorn self-released a solo jazz album titled In a Curious Way in 2001.

2000–present: Reunion and Shenandoah 2000
Seales, McGuire, Munsey and Thacker reunited as Shenandoah in 2000, with two new members: lead singer Brent Lamb, and guitarist/vocalist Curtis Wright, who was also playing with Pure Prairie League at the time. Before joining Shenandoah, Wright had been a member of the Super Grit Cowboy Band in the 1980s, then a solo artist and one-half of the duo Orrall & Wright with Robert Ellis Orrall. Wright also wrote "Next to You, Next to Me" and "Rock My Baby", collaborating with Orrall on the former. In 2000, the new lineup recorded the band's next album, Shenandoah 2000, under the Free Falls label. It produced the band's last chart single in the number 65 "What Children Believe." Jolene Downs of About.com gave this album a positive review, saying that it was a "very strong country album" and "a slightly different sound from the original group, but not bad at all." The band toured small venues in 2001 to promote it.

Lamb left in 2002, with Wright succeeding him on lead vocals and original bassist Ralph Ezell later re-joining. In 2006, Shenandoah released the album Journeys on the Cumberland Road label. Ezell died of a heart attack on November 30, 2007, and Mike Folsom succeeded him on bass guitar. Also, Wright, after also finishing his stint in Pure Prairie League left the group to join Reba McEntire's band in early 2007, and songwriter Jimmy Yeary took over as lead singer. In April 2009, the lineup of Yeary, Folsom, McGuire, Munsey and Seales performed a benefit concert in Muscle Shoals, in which Wright and Raybon also participated.

Yeary and McGuire co-wrote a song entitled "You Never Know" as a tribute to Ezell. Darryl Worley recorded this song on his 2009 album Sounds Like Life, saying that he considered it "dead-on" for him. Shenandoah has continued to tour in 2009 and 2010 with Yeary on lead vocals, mostly playing at community festivals and county fairs. Yeary engaged country-gospel singer Sonya Isaacs (of The Isaacs) in November 2009. They have since become married and had one son in 2011. He has also written songs for other artists, including "In Another World" by Joe Diffie, "Why Wait" by Rascal Flatts, "Summer Thing" by Troy Olsen, "I'm Gonna Love You Through It" by Martina McBride, and "I Drive Your Truck" by Lee Brice. Yeary left in 2011, with Doug Stokes taking over on lead vocals, and Chris Lucas (Roach) on bass.

In August 2014, Marty Raybon re-joined as lead singer of the band, replacing Doug Stokes. At the time of his rejoining, the band consists of Raybon, McGuire, Munsey, and bassist Chris Lucas, later replaced by Paul Sanders. In October, Jamie Michael replaced the retiring Jim Seales on lead guitar. In 2016, Brad Benge joined the group on bass and baritone vocals, until his departure in 2018.

In February 2016, Shenandoah signed with Johnstone Entertainment for management representation. "The confidence that you place in a person should be based on the true understanding you have of their integrity, wisdom and vision. We feel we made the right decision with Cole Johnstone as our manager as we set our sights on the future." said lead vocalist Marty Raybon

The band released a collaborative album in 2020 titled Every Road, which featured vocal collaborations with country music artists such as Brad Paisley and Luke Bryan. "Then a Girl Walks In", a duet with Blake Shelton, served as the lead single. This was followed in 2023 by the band announcing they would begin a 50-show Revival Tour in early 2023. Coinciding with this tour was a single titled "Revival", which was co-written by both members of Florida Georgia Line.

In September 2023, Shenandoah recorded a new version of "Two Dozen Roses" with Luke Combs. Released via 8 Track Entertainment, the track was recorded at the historic FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama and was produced by Grammy Awards winning producer Noah Gordon. Billboard (magazine) premiered the track on September 21, 2023. Upon release, "Two Dozen Roses" hit #1 on the iTunes All Genre and Country Charts.

Musical styles
The band's sound is defined by country, bluegrass and gospel influences. John Bush of Allmusic calls Shenandoah "one of the first groups to rebel against the urban cowboy image of the '80s and lead the way to the new traditionalism of the '90s." Marty Raybon's vocals have been described as "blend[ing] the soulfulness of rhythm and blues with the lonely intensity of great country music." Alanna Nash wrote that the band's work relies on "sentimental lyrics revolving around the Southern experience," and said that Shenandoah "forged its very commercial reputation on a soulful gospel-and-bluegrass blend, with lead singer Marty Raybon's searing sincerity making even the tritest songs about small-town Southern values and attitudes memorable." Logan Smith of the St. Petersburg Times said that the band has "woven together a highly polished sound built around precision musicianship and pristine harmonies, very much a hybrid of Raybon's bluegrass roots." Writing for the Associated Press, Joe Edwards cited the variety of sounds on the band's second album, referring to "The Church on Cumberland Road" as a "spirited up-tempo," also making note of the Southern imagery in "Sunday in the South" and the "truest country music tradition" of the ballad "She Doesn't Cry Anymore."

Current

 * Marty Raybon – lead vocals, acoustic guitar (1984–1997, 2014–present)
 * Mike McGuire – drums, backing vocals (1984–1997, 2000–present)
 * Donnie Allen – fiddle, acoustic guitar (1990–1997, 2014–present)
 * Paul Sanders – bass guitar, backing vocals (2014–2016, 2018–present)
 * Austin Brown – lead guitar (2024–present)

Former

 * Ralph Ezell – bass guitar, backing vocals (1984–1996, 2002–2007; died 2007)
 * Jim Seales – lead guitar, backing vocals (1984–1997, 2000–2014)
 * Stan Thorn – keyboards, backing vocals (1984–1995)
 * Rocky Thacker – bass guitar, backing vocals (1996–1997, 2000–2002)
 * Brent Lamb – lead vocals, acoustic guitar (2000–2002)
 * Curtis Wright – lead and backing vocals, acoustic guitar (2000–2007)
 * Mike Folsom – bass guitar, backing vocals (2007–2011)
 * Jimmy Yeary – lead vocals, acoustic guitar (2007–2011)
 * Doug Stokes – lead vocals (2011–2014)
 * Travis Mobley – keyboards (2018–2022)
 * Chris Lucas (Roach) – bass guitar (2011–2014)
 * Brad Benge – bass guitar, backing vocals (2016–2018)
 * Stan Munsey – keyboards (1995–1997, 2000–2018)
 * Jamie Michael – lead guitar, backing vocals (2014–2020)
 * Jeff Allen – bass guitar, backing vocals (2010–2011)
 * Austin Crum – lead guitar (2020–2022)
 * Nicky Hines – lead guitar (2022–2024)
 * Andrew Ishee – keyboards (2022–2024)

Studio albums

 * Shenandoah (1987)
 * The Road Not Taken (1989)
 * Extra Mile (1990)
 * Long Time Comin' (1992)
 * Under the Kudzu (1993)
 * In the Vicinity of the Heart (1994)
 * Shenandoah Christmas (1996)
 * Shenandoah 2000 (2000)
 * Journeys (2006)
 * Good Ole Fashioned Christmas (2014)
 * Good News Travels Fast (2016)
 * Reloaded (2018)
 * Every Road (2020)

Billboard number-one hits

 * "The Church on Cumberland Road" (2 weeks, 1989)
 * "Sunday in the South" (1 week, 1989)
 * "Two Dozen Roses" (1 week, 1989)
 * "Next to You, Next to Me" (3 weeks, 1990)
 * "If Bubba Can Dance (I Can Too)" (1 week, 1994)

Grammy Awards

 * 1991
 * "Ghost in This House"
 * rowspan=2| Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2| 1996
 * "Darned If I Don't (Danged If I Do)"
 * Nominated
 * "Somewhere in the Vicinity of the Heart"
 * Best Country Collaboration with Vocals
 * Won
 * }
 * Best Country Collaboration with Vocals
 * Won
 * }

American Music Awards

 * 1991
 * Shenandoah
 * Favorite Country Band/Duo/Group
 * Nominated
 * }
 * }

TNN/Music City News Country Awards

 * 1990
 * rowspan=3| Shenandoah
 * rowspan=2| Vocal Group of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 1991
 * Nominated
 * 1993
 * Vocal Band of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 1996
 * Shenandoah and Alison Krauss
 * Vocal Collaboration of the Year
 * Nominated
 * }
 * Shenandoah and Alison Krauss
 * Vocal Collaboration of the Year
 * Nominated
 * }

Academy of Country Music Awards

 * rowspan=2| 1990
 * rowspan=3| Shenandoah
 * Top New Vocal Group or Duet
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2| Top Vocal Group of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2| 1991
 * Won
 * "Next to You, Next to Me"
 * Single Record of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 1992
 * Shenandoah
 * Top Vocal Group of the Year
 * Nominated
 * }
 * 1992
 * Shenandoah
 * Top Vocal Group of the Year
 * Nominated
 * }

Country Music Association Awards

 * rowspan=2| 1989
 * rowspan=6| Shenandoah
 * Horizon Award
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=5| Vocal Group of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 1990
 * Nominated
 * 1991
 * Nominated
 * 1992
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2| 1995
 * Nominated
 * "Somewhere in the Vicinity of the Heart"
 * Vocal Event of the Year
 * Won
 * }
 * rowspan=2| 1995
 * Nominated
 * "Somewhere in the Vicinity of the Heart"
 * Vocal Event of the Year
 * Won
 * }
 * }

Nominated alongside Alison Krauss

title: Shenandoah (band)


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Muniadona of Castile

Muniadona of Castile (c. 995 – 1066), also called Mayor or Munia, was Queen of Pamplona (1011 – 1035) by her marriage with King Sancho Garcés III, who later added to his domains the Counties of Ribagorza (1017) and Castile (1028) using her dynastic rights to these territories.

Dynastic rights
Eldest child and daughter of Sancho García, Count of Castile and his wife Urraca, probably a member of the Banu Gómez family, she married King Sancho Garcés III of Pamplona before 27 June 1011 when both appear confirming certain privileges of the Monastery of San Millán.

In 1017, William Isarn, Count of Ribagorza was assassinated during an expedition to the Val d'Aran. William's illegitimacy had resulted in his claim to the county being challenged, and it had been partitioned between him and his cousin Mayor García, daughter of García Fernández of Castile by William's aunt, Ava de Ribagorza, along with her husband Count Raymond III of Pallars Jussà. William's death without heirs led Mayor and Raymond to claim the entire county, but this was contested by Sancho Garcés III of Pamplona, asserting the dynastic rights of his wife Muniadona, who as eldest daughter of Mayor's brother, Count Sancho García, could claim to be the rightful heiress of her grandmother Ava, and hence of Ava's father Count Raymond II of Ribagorza. In 1017 the troops of Sancho III invaded Ribagorza and he took control over William's half of the county, while the rest remained in the hands of Mayor García until 1025 when, having been repudiated by her husband, Mayor transferred most of the remainder to Sancho III, Raymond III only retaining the Noguera Ribagorçana basin. It may have been in recognition of this transfer that Muniadona adopted the name Mayor that she would sometimes use subsequently.

Again, in 1028, Muniadona's dynastic rights were invoked. Following the assassination of Count García Sánchez of Castile by the Vela family in León, Sancho III took control of Castile since his wife was the eldest sister of the late count. Their son Ferdinand Sánchez was named count in 1029.

Widowhood and testament
Muniadona outlived her husband and most of her children, except perhaps Jimena who was still alive in December 1063. After the death of her husband in 1035, Muniadona founded the monastery of San Martín de Tours de Frómista, and in her testament dated 13 June 1066, she requested to be buried there. She probably died shortly after executing her last will.

Her last will also "determined the definitive transfer of the horses that she had lent to those who enjoyed them until then. She also freed the Saracens who had converted to Christianity that were under her dependence. In addition, she declared the monastery of San Martín de Tours de Frómista owner of the estates that it had been exploiting and gave it other properties in Bobadilla and Agero, the thirds of the tithes of Frómista and Población de Campos, as well as a half meadow and a serna in Villota. She also divided her sheep, cows and horses in Frómista among the ecclesiastical centers of Santa María, San Juan Bautista and San Martín, and the cows she had in Asturias among the place of her burial, the monastery of San Martín de Tours de Frómista and the three monks who were in charge of praying for her soul".

Family and children
From her marriage to King Sancho Garcés were born:
 * García Sánchez III, nicknamed "the one from Nájera", King of Pamplona from 1035 until his death in 1054 and married to Stephanie of Foix.
 * Fernando Sánchez, King of León married to Sancha of León.
 * Gonzalo Sánchez, petty King of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza.
 * Jimena Sánchez, queen consort of León by her marriage to Bermudo III.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Muniadona of Castile


text:
User talk:Cheap thoughts

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Cheap thoughts


text:
Wikipedia:Japan-related topics notice board/New Japan-related articles/2005-September

 * List of Japanese celebrities, and linked from it, Tamori, Minomonta, Kano sisters, Othello, Papaya Suzuki (short articles). --DannyWilde 03:25, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Papaya Suzuki is now on Portal. Fg2 07:21, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Daikanwa Jiten - huge dictionary of kanji. --DannyWilde 06:10, 27 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I put this on the Portal. Fg2 07:47, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Code of Taihō - 702 Code establishes feudal gov't based on the T'ang model, and creates provinces. LordAmeth 00:28, 27 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Now on Portal. Fg2 07:21, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Norakuro --DannyWilde 13:10, 26 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Kiyoshi Hikawa (stub). --DannyWilde 06:23, 25 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Kagami mochi (stub). --DannyWilde 01:51, 24 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Daidai, Iyokan. --DannyWilde 14:01, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Te form of Japanese verb (beginnings). I couldn't find a good explanation about this in Japanese grammar. Since that article is already long and very messy, I made this new article. It is quite short but I'll be adding to it, so please give it a little time to grow before suggesting any merges. I also created Category:Japanese grammar in preparation for adding more articles like this - in particular about particles. --DannyWilde 12:45, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Since there was not so much to say about the te form, I moved this to Japanese verb conjugations. This page is intended to be a comprehensive list, including irregular and all the usual verbs. So far I have added the imperative form only. --DannyWilde 03:45, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Zenigata Heiji (stub). Partial translation of Japanese Wikipedia article. --DannyWilde 05:43, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Shunkinshō (film) (stub) --DannyWilde 10:44, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Tomokazu Miura -- Momoe Yamaguchi's husband. (abbreviated translation of Japanese wikipedia article, minus list of films, since film titles are such a pain to translate.) --DannyWilde 10:44, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Tokyo Medical and Dental University, stub, created to fix a red link in Tokyo (and because I had a photo). Fg2 04:09, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
 * From "Did You Know?" on the front page at the moment, Nightwork. MC MasterChef
 * I put this on the Portal. Fg2 04:19, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Edomoji - article extracted from sci.lang.japan FAQ. Unfortunately, I don't think I can upload the images to Wikipedia, due to the copyright restrictions. --DannyWilde 04:10, 15 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm putting this on the Portal. Fg2 04:19, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Yu Yamada (stub). Photo to be added. --DannyWilde 06:53, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Hatsuyume Mostly a translation from 初夢. CES 02:12, 12 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm putting this on the Portal. Fg2 04:19, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Japanese titles This is a split from Japanese honorifics. Contents of Talk:Japanese honorifics have not been moved onto the new talk page. --DannyWilde 12:19, 11 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Yokogaki and tategaki (Japanese writing). This is fairly comprehensive but I haven't put any images in it yet - not sure about copyrights etc. --DannyWilde 06:58, 10 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Gender differences in spoken Japanese -- Exploding Boy 04:29, September 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Kanai Mieko -- a wee little sub-stub on a very important writer. Exploding Boy 20:14, September 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Gyaru (stub). I was surprised there was nothing in Wikipedia about this topic already. Linked from gyaru-moji page. --DannyWilde 12:54, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Category:Japanese writing system to bring together various articles. --DannyWilde 05:18, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I added it to the Portal. It's of sufficient interest that it deserves an entry of its own. Fg2 05:46, September 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Japanese rice --DannyWilde 12:43, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Mochigome (stub) -- there was some kind of confusion about the nature of mochigome and normal rice on the page Sticky rice. --DannyWilde 12:43, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Hideki Saijo -- I don't know why but I imagined there would already be a page about him somewhere. Can't find it though. --DannyWilde 12:16, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Gyu-Kaku -- a stub about the delicious, delicious restaurant. Exploding Boy 05:31, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've added this to "Did you know" on the Portal. Thanks to you folks for making me hungry. Fg2 06:02, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Gari (ginger) (stub) This article is lame, but there was some confusion about the beni shoga page, so I'm adding it - anyone else care to improve this? --DannyWilde 05:24, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for correcting my mistake about gari and beni shoga. Fg2 06:02, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sukiya --DannyWilde 04:14, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've added this to "Did you know" on the Portal. Fg2 06:02, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Beni shoga (stub) --DannyWilde 03:39, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ito konnyaku (stub) --DannyWilde 03:39, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Tokyu Hands -- Exploding Boy 18:40, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * and Tokyu Group Fg2 05:01, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Pontocho -- Exploding Boy 18:34, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've added this to "Did you know" on the Portal. Fg2 01:20, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Agemochi--DannyWilde 13:50, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've added this to "Did you know" on the Portal. 01:20, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Learning kanji--DannyWilde 13:50, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Portal:Japan. It's under construction and badly needs help! To edit the main portal, including the brief introduction to Japan at the top, click on the Edit tab at the top; to edit the contents of any of the boxes, click on the Edit link inside the box. The initial content is placeholder content (featured article, featured picture, did you know?. Please put something better in those boxes. In editing the Categories section, be sure to put a colon (following the examples in the template) to make sure the text appears in the box, not on the bottom line of the screen. Fg2 12:08, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Chiba Urban Monorail: monorail in the city of the same name. Fg2 12:08, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Seven & I Holdings Co., Ltd., new holding company, part of IY Group, parent of 7-Eleven Japan, Ito Yokado, Denny's Japan. Also IY Bank. Both can use help. Fg2 05:34, September 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Nihonjinron I removed the redirect to Japanese people, which seemed rather irrelevant, and moved the small amount of stuff about nihonjinron which was there into the new page. I also added a list of "nihonjinron" ideas to the bottom of the page. This needs work but anyway the topic should certainly have never been redirected to "Japanese people". I've also been fixing up Japanese etiquette. DannyWilde 02:58, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've added this to "Did you know" on the Portal. Fg2 01:20, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education, started by WhisperToMe (see below) Fg2 07:01, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Results of Japan general election, 2003 - We (Willhsmit and I) have been working on this page. We can use some input for the table format. -- Taku 23:54, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've added this to "Did you know" on the Portal. Fg2 02:20, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Obi (sash) -- anyone who knows about the different parts of women's obi and the names of different styles of knots, or who can provide photos or diagrams to expand this article...? Exploding Boy 19:03, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've added this to "Did you know" on the Portal. Fg2 01:20, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * High school baseball in Japan - New article by an IP user, Niteowlneils, and Ken6en. Fg2 07:36, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've added this to "Did you know" on the Portal. Fg2 01:20, September 4, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:List of Ford VIN codes

Missing Passenger Engine I4 1.9L SOHC
There is information missing for the I4 used in the Escorts. The material below is from the Ford service manual. General Specifications The base engine (6007) for Escort and Tracer vehicles is the 1.9L (116 CID) Sequential Multiport Fuel Injection (SFI) engine. The compact powertrain is mounted transversely in the engine compartment. The engine has a lightweight design for maximum efficiency.

66.67.237.156 18:04, 4 October 2007 (UTC) mnkyslut

Where is the Australian WMI code?

New information from Ford Fleet - copyright?
I found that for the restraint system 'B' means only active belts, and 'C' means active belts plus airbags.

Also, I found that the 'F' engine code is not listed, which happens to be the enigne in my Ford. It is a 5.0L EFI V8.

But, I found this information on the Ford Fleet VIN Decoder which I found on this article. I was wondering if it would be against Wikipedia policy to post this information?

AndreniW 03:54, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Restraint Codes Missing/Inaccurate
I also discovered the missing/inaccurate restraint code issue, and decided to correct it just now. Based on sources here http://www.geocities.com/bruzilla/vins.html and here http://www.angelfire.com/ca/TORONTO/VIN/ford.html (no copyright on either page), the 4th digit restraint code is broken down as follows:

This information jives with cars I've owned or own, so I went ahead and posted these updates.

I can't find any Ford VINs anywhere with a 4th digit "K" (i.e. Google "1FAK", "1FMK" and "1FTK"), but I left it where it was, lumped in with "F". If anyone can find any specific information about the "K" restraint type, I'd welcome an update (with refs). Jonheese 04:50, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

VIN Code Sources
Here are some sources for the codes in this article since the lack of sources is now a hot issue. I will edit them into the article when I have more time. Feel free to help--they weren't hard to find. Corey Salzano (talk) 21:10, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

Total VIN Charts
http://www.fordf150.net/howto/decodevin.php https://www.fleet.ford.com/maintenance/vin_tools/pdfs/VIN2000.pdf https://www.fleet.ford.com/maintenance/vin_tools/pdfs/VIN2001.pdf https://www.fleet.ford.com/maintenance/vin_tools/pdfs/VIN2002.pdf https://www.fleet.ford.com/maintenance/vin_tools/pdfs/VIN2003.pdf https://www.fleet.ford.com/maintenance/vin_tools/pdfs/VIN2004.pdf https://www.fleet.ford.com/maintenance/vin_tools/pdfs/VIN2005.pdf https://www.fleet.ford.com/maintenance/vin_tools/pdfs/VIN2006.pdf https://www.fleet.ford.com/maintenance/vin_tools/pdfs/VIN2007.pdf https://www.fleet.ford.com/maintenance/vin_tools/pdfs/VIN2008.pdf http://www.explorerforum.com/ntrprize/VIN.htm (explorer, ranger, bronco)

Axle Codes
http://www.ford-trucks.com/article/idx/0/022/article/Ford_Axle_Code_Chart_.html

Classic Fords
1951-1952 http://www.vanpeltsales.com/FH_web/FH_images/FH_vincharts/fh_vinchart_51-52trucks.jpg 1953-1955 http://www.vanpeltsales.com/FH_web/FH_images/FH_vincharts/fh_vinchart_53-55trucks.jpg

1949-1953 http://www.vanpeltsales.com/FH_web/flathead_serialno_49-59VINdecode.htm http://www.vanpeltsales.com/FH_web/flathead_serialnumber-patentplate_49-59partA.htm http://www.vanpeltsales.com/FH_web/flathead_serialnumber-patentplate_49-59partB.htm

1932-1953 http://www.vanpeltsales.com/FH_web/flathead_serialnumbers.htm

1968 http://www.mercurystuff.com/1968-ford-mercury-vehicle-identification.html 1969 http://www.mercurystuff.com/pdfs/1969-ford-lincoln-mercury-vehicle-identification.pdf

Soft redirect
I would like to propose a soft redirect to Vehicle_Identification_Numbers_%28VIN_codes%29/Ford/VIN_Codes, so that the information is only maintained in one place so that anyone wishing to update it will update it there. —Random832 19:35, 21 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I improved this article today, so the information is already different between the two sites. I disagree that "anyone wishing to update it will update it there" because I will not. I have no desire to create a Wikibooks account. Corey Salzano (talk) 21:01, 21 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Why don't you want to make an account there? This just complicates things. —Random832 22:25, 21 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Because his goal is not based on the betterment of wikipedia, or he lacks the knowledge of policy and practice. I'll repropose AFD tomorrow. EvanCarroll (talk) 06:32, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your judgment, Evan. I didn't honestly expect troll trash from someone who is so active on this site and its siblings. I even assumed that we both had cooled off on this issue. I hate to say it, but I can't read your comments any way other than deliberately inflammatory.

 * Random832, sorry to disappoint you, but I simply have no interest in the wikibooks website. I disagree that I am complicating the deletion request--the sources I have added to this talk page can be integrated more completely regardless of where this information ends up and regardless of my participation. However, I will not vote on the new deletion request to avoid further disagreement. Corey Salzano (talk) 15:19, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Ford VIN codes