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Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Military history/Archive 5

"Battles in" categories
The last remnant of the "Battles in Foo" categorization, Category:Military operations in Saudi Arabia, has been listed for deletion here. Comments are very welcome! Kirill Lokshin 11:53, 27 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I seem to be winding up with egg on my face there, since (so far) opinions are quite strongly in favor of "Battles in ...". Did I misjudge the existing consensus that badly, or is this just a difference between the audience on CFD and the one here? Kirill Lokshin 02:58, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The problem isn't that the category exists, but that it is mis-categorised in "Battles by country". Perhaps instead of "Battles by country" there should be "Battles by participant" for "Battles of XXX" and "Battles by location" for "Battles in XXX". Geoff/Gsl 03:18, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I suppose that's one possible solution; would both of them be under Category:Categories by country though? In any case, if we were to implement "Battles by location", we'd need to decide whether to use modern or historical countries (and how to select countries in cases where claims to territory conflict) before actually categorizing everything. Kirill Lokshin 03:24, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think a top-level "Battles by location" category would come under "Battles by country" because it is possible that someone would want to do a "Battles in the Mediterranean" or some such geographical, non-country category. Likewise, I don't know that, say, "Battles of the Goths" would go under "Battles by country" if there was a "Battles by participant".

 * The immediate problem is to provide a suitable parent category for "Military operations in Saudi Arabia" (ie., Battles in XXX) without breaking the scheme used in "Battles by country" (whether that category is correctly named or not). That doesn't necessarily mean that every battle needs to be recategorised according to the new scheme.  Geoff/Gsl 03:57, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * If the CFD result is (as I suspect it may be) to keep the category, we could create Category:Battles by location for it quite easily, placing it under Category:Battles directly; Category:Battles by country could then be renamed to Category:Battles by participant to avoid confusion.

 * I certainly wasn't suggesting that every battle be immediately categorized into the new category. Once Category:Battles by location exists, however, sub-categories will (gradually) be created for it, and it would be best to decide what scheme they will follow in advance to avoid massive recategorizations afterwards. Kirill Lokshin 04:16, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

New warbox attempt
I have made an attempt at a new warbox. I found that most warboxes contain military information which is hard to gauge (fe troop figures vary widely in one war), which i have replaced with some relevant political reasons & consequences (y'all know your Clausewitz, no doubt :-) ). Furthermore, because some wars are related, i've attempted something of a parent/child structure within the box. It links to any possible "parent" war, and uses the campaign box to link to any "child" wars. These can then in turn be subdivided, and link to the above. The idea is to have a concise POLITICAL overview of the war, linking it to relevant items, but leaving the reader to browse elsewhere for more information (to avoid this level of complexity).

The input and output:

As yet, its only up on the Scanian War, and the subdivisions are incomplete, but i hope the general strain of thought is clear. Obviously the aim is to make a warbox which can be used for more situations; would this make sense for other wars as well? --The Minister of War 08:41, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Overall, looks great; having a dedicated warbox is a much better idea than trying to use battlebox for wars. One (very minor) issue is that the colors used don't match the ones on battlebox; I think it would be nice to have a single color to avoid confusion.

 * More significantly, this type of template is limited to wars with two "well-defined" sides; it doesn't really work for wars with three sides (e.g. War of Three Henrys) or for wars where extensive "alliance-jumping" occurs (e.g. War of the League of Cambrai). I suspect the answer to this may be simply to accept that some wars won't have a warbox, but maybe someone has an idea for dealing with these situations. Kirill Lokshin 12:49, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

I concur, it does look great. Perhaps the solution to more than 2 combatants, would be to create a similar but larger warbox template for those scenarios. Coupled with some sort of icon to indicate alliance jumpers. Perhaps the † from the Battbox (indicating they "stabbed" their original allies in the back :) Kirill's icon could also be used, to show combatants who dropped out of their alliance or concluded a separate peace but did not join the other side. --R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 13:04, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The larger warbox might work, particularly if we make the columns a bit thinner on the 3-side one. It would only be used for a handful of wars anyways.
 * The icons will work for isolated alliance jumpers; but there are certain cases where the alliance jumping is so extensive that just using them won't be enough; for example, during the War of the League of Cambrai, the major players went through (practically) every possible combination of alliances. Kirill Lokshin 13:15, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

Hmmm. The War of the League of Cambrai certainly seems to be an exception to several rules in one! :-) Still, the idea with the parent/child thing was to make it customizable as you see fit. In the case of Cambrai, it might be used (mind you, i know next to nothing of the war itself!) to subdivide the War into segments covering the different alliances. The effect of this would be several short (specialised) articles rather than one long (general and perhaps fragmented) one, which can be useful to distinguish distinct periods or theatres of a war. I am still experimenting on articles pertaining to the Scanian War, but i can see a reasonably clear hierarchy emerging there:

Franco-Dutch War |               ,-+-.                |                     |                     |  Third Anglo-Dutch War         Scanian War       Swedish-Brandenburg War |                           ,-+--'                            |                    |                Gyldenløve War      Invasion of Scania |                   |                  seperate battles        seperate battles

Now, i'm not too keen on a large battle box, i think theyre way too clumsy (maybe in highly exceptional cases). But my idea was to link only to the ABOVE and BELOW levels, and leave the reader to do the browsing. I was thinking that this kind of work needs one template:TopWarbox, which doesnt link to above, a few normal Warboxes, and a few Subwarboxes which also include strength and casualty numbers for campaigns and such. You can use the campaignbox to link to below, and the Warbox to link to above. I did some attempts to test that mold on the Scanian War. Still, despite the parent/child logic (and related problems), i think it is mighty important that we start listing Casi Belli (grammar?), Allies and Territory changes; these are far more important in examining the war, and much clearer to assess than troop numbers, which come and go. Having said that, i agree allies come and go as well. However, either the change of alliance DOESNT matter that much, and you can list it on the warbox ((until 1917) or something), or it DOES change the war, in which case you can use the subdivision to indicate that. I am hoping this customizability and this focus on political aspects of a war make sense for different war - perhaps even (gasp!) Cambrai! What do you guys think? --The Minister of War 14:21, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree completely about listing political aspects; troop and casualty numbers are quite unreliable for most of recorded history anyways.
 * As far as parent-child issues and subdividing wars, we can presumably work that out as we go along. I suspect that, with some careful tweaking of the template, we can get to a point where a single warbox will work for all levels (with some parameters obviously being optional.  One thing I think is important to keep in mind is that these templates are an enhancement to articles, rather than articles in themselves — they should be flexible enough that using them does not require breaking a single war article into dozens of stubs.  One possibility, for instance, would be to create a warbox-phase that could be used to keep track of shifting alliances but would omit some of the fields from the main warbox for brevity (this would allow us, for instance, to add templates for the phases of the Thirty Years' War without forcing it to be divided). Kirill Lokshin 14:45, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Haha! i agree about it not being the focus of the articles, but must admit i am (ab)using the Scanian War a bit to test the mold :-) (currently working to fill the gaps!)
 * A phase could be nice, though must admit i'm a sucker for standardization. Thats why im quite... well... AWED by your suggestion to do a single warbox! Wow, would that be possible? I started out trying this, but i couldnt work out how to add an 'optional' component (one which lists if you enter something in the field, but is ommited when you dont). Is such a thing possible? Kewl. How? --The Minister of War 15:13, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * We could probably do it by systematicaly violating Avoid using meta-templates; on the other hand, we already do it with campaignboxes, and nobody has complained yet (one of the advantages of working with low-traffic articles). The key would be to tie the headings to the arguments; I'll take a look and see what I can work out.
 * Some other points:
 * Do we really need the distinction between "Combatants" and "Allies"? If a country is formally allied to one of the combatants but plays no part in the war, is it necessary to list it in the warbox?  For instance, battle articles may discuss allies not present at the battle within the text, but don't include them in the battlebox (which helps keep them to a manageable size).
 * Leaders and notable commanders could probably use the same heading.
 * I think this effort needs to be combined with a thorough look at how campaignboxes are structured; for instance, the dozens of separate campaignboxes for the American Civil War would force us to create a separate article for each campaign (often consisting of a single battle) in order to use these templates. Kirill Lokshin 15:27, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Hmmm... I've been looking at meta:Help:Template, and there seem to be quite a few options to standardize a box without breaking the rule. But boy, does it look complicated! The template:Chess diagram uses interesting tricks to use...
 * As for both your points, IF we go for one uber-warbox (which i would very much like), i agree completely: they should be grouped together. However, it seems to me that dividing some wars into theatres/campaigns and whatnot is unavoidable. Political leaders should be listed on War level, but not on Battle level (and vice versa with generals). Besides, i tried calling it "Leaders and Notable Commanders, but it looked horrible! Maybe we should just call it notable leaders :-)
 * But as an example, if you look at the Scanian War, it was clearly a conflict between between Denmark and Sweden; though the Dutch helped (on Danish side). Also, there was also a seperate theatre between Sweden and Brandenburg which played a large role in the division of Swedish forces. The eventual peace was forced upon both by France. I am not sure how these would combine.
 * Conluding: it is definitely important to develop a vision on how to structure levels within a war, down to campaigns - without losing flexibility!--The Minister of War 16:35, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

I've managed to produce a prototype multi-phase warbox (shown here). It's quite simplified from what you have above (mainly because I was too lazy to trace through the full table nestings, and also quite incomplete (the full version would have four phases).

Thus, we may conclude that (1) it is possible to do this, but (2) the markup is somewhat unintuitive, so we should decide what fields each phase will have before creating a full-blown warbox. Incidentally, it would be possible to change this to be like babel if we got flak from the developers about the meta-template issue (e.g. warbox, warbox-2, warbox-3, etc.); I don't think any war would have more than five phases without being split into multiple articles, so this would be manageable. Kirill Lokshin 16:33, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

Wow, pretty nice! Indeed, i agree with you we could tweak it endlessly. We could segment other stuff, like the image, troop figures, etc as optional as well, inserting boxes if they are applicable. It's an interesting idea. But there is a danger that by customizing it to larger extent, we are slowly drifting away from standardization. We have to walk a thin line between them... Lets see if we can agree on different stuff which should be there:

 * Main Box
 * Name of conflict
 * ->Optional Box: Part of Other War
 * ->Optional Box: Image
 * Date
 * Political Box
 * Casus Belli
 * Outcome
 * Territorial Changes
 * Fight Box
 * Combatants
 * Notable Leaders
 * Troop Box
 * Troop Strengths
 * Casualties
 * Campaign Box

Is it possible to list multiple boxes after each other, but make them appear like one? If so, we dont need one uber-box, and like this, we call five templates from a single page (even if its empty we call them), and only two nested templates. Not too shabby. Perhaps we can combine this with one simple custombox, to be able to name the section and specify, as in you Warphase. Interesting stuff. --The Minister of War 09:46, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't mean to be a downer, but I like the old battle boxes better... Spawn Man 10:16, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

You like them better in terms of visuals? I do too i guess, this is still work in progress. But these are not in any way meant to replace the battleboxes, its more of an upgrade to the warboxes. Now i've tried to make something work in terms of boxable flexibility; take a look see what you think.

The input and the output:

The idea is that you can turn any and all of the boxes on(1) or off(0), and so only relevant data can be supplied. In fact, only conflict name and date are absolutely necessary. I havent implemented the flexible make-up Kirill provided just yet, but once those are in, most situations can be accounted for. Its still a bit buggy; if you turn everything off there are still line breaks i cant seem to track down, which is annoying but harmless. Technically, it does violate the Avoid using meta-templates multiple times though... any way to bypass this? How does this look? Would this be a good way to attempt some sort of flexible standardization? --The Minister of War 13:02, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Looking at how taxoboxes are implemented (see, for example, the code used in Aardvark) suggests another idea:

The obvious advantages of such a scheme: (1) avoids (major) violations of Avoid using meta-templates, and (2) since the elements can be repeated arbitrarily, we can use the same scheme for battles, wars, wars with multiple phases, wars with multiple campaigns (by including several campaignboxes), etc. I don't really see any problems with it, other than the somewhat more complicated instructions that would come with properly making one of these for the non-obvious cases. Kirill Lokshin 13:26, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Wow, Aardvarks are related to giraffes? Cute.
 * But this does indeed seem much more handy. Especially the replication of sections is nice, and it still allow the ommission of irrelevant sections! I think this we should go with this (which means i've wasted my morning coding pie fights! :-) ). One Q though, doesnt this 'also' overstress the servers? Sure, it doesnt metatemplate, but surely calling on a large number of templates gives the same trouble, or not? --The Minister of War 13:46, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I think (but I could be quite wrong) that any number of non-nested templates can be fetched in a single server call, as opposed to multiple server calls for true meta-templates. In any case, if this were a major problem, I think WikiProject Tree of Life, which uses this model on thousands of articles, would have attracted comments to that effect.
 * Incidentally, since this involves several independent templates, it would probably be best to decide on a color for the entire "warbox" before writing them. I have no objection to plain gray, but I believe others have commented that it's too dull before.  Kirill Lokshin 14:24, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

If it's not replacing the old battle boxes, I'm fine with that. Speaking of boxes, one improvement you could do to your war box is that where it has the out come, casus etc to put these into boxes, like the battle box. This is mainly because, 1, easier to follow, 2, more appealing to the eye, 3, research shows that people gather & remember more info from catergorised info than other info. So if you just put like a line underneath each subject it would be better, E.G. Date, (line), outcome, (line), casus, (line)...etc etc. Spawn Man 04:09, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, the lines should definitely be there; I'm not sure why they're not present now, but keep in mind that what's shown above are very rough drafts. In any case, I'm probably going to have little time to work with these until Sunday; if nobody has done it by that point, I'll write the markup for the multi-template version then. Kirill Lokshin 04:27, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * In terms of colors, i'm all for a bit more colorful, though i've seen wars done in pink (eugh). BEcause we're also implementing phases, it might be a good idea to use two colors; one for the Conflict Title, and the Phases titles, and another for the other boxes within those categories to highlite the hierarchy.
 * I might have some time, though im not sure just yet. I'll post something here if I have something. --The Minister of War 11:10, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

I couldnt resist and worked up something. It's still very rough, and for some reasons i cant get the borders between cells to show. With the risk of overfilling this page with test-templates (maybe we should get a room? ;-) ), here's the input and the output:

Ive already noticed several things to address: --The Minister of War 13:21, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) We have to argue what to include obligatory, and what should be optional.
 * 2) *Images: Mandatory or optional?
 * 3) *Personally, i think place is a tricky one; The one on the Franco-Prussian war lists: France and Germany. I think this applies to a lot of conflicts; i am not sure as to the added value.
 * 4) *I think allies are relevant, albeit optional; even if they dont actively fight, such as France in the Scanian War, they are part of the geopolitical choices of a country and thus of the make-up of the war.
 * 5) *The obvious additions are Casus belli (which we should be careful to point out does not mean the first shot fired), and Territory changes.
 * 6) Purple and grey dont combine very well imho; any ideas?
 * 7) Most importantly, i think we should rewrite the code to make input more intuitive. This means renaming the templates (these names dont work for me), and perhaps recoding the templates themselves. I am thinking along the lines of doing  for the example above, instead of naming every variable. It will still be easy to grasp, and requires much less typing!

 * Not quite what I had in mind; I was envisioning the phase actually creating a nested box, rather than merely separating the warbox vertically.
 * We can certainly create warbox-allies to list uninvolved but allied countries. Images should definitely be optional; most battles don't have them (yet).  As far as place, we certainly need it if we use this for battles in addition to wars; maybe we can make it optional. Kirill Lokshin 13:30, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Possibly some combination of blue and gray will work. I'd stay away from the more unusual colors; pink just looks silly in this context.
 * As far as I can tell, the templates we'll need are:
 * warbox-begin (contains name)
 * warbox-end
 * warbox-begin-phase (contains name)
 * warbox-end-phase
 * warbox-partof (contains link up to main war)
 * warbox-image (contains image and caption)
 * warbox-general (contains date, place, and outcome)
 * warbox-cause (contains casus belli)
 * warbox-combatants (contains pairs of combatants and leaders)
 * warbox-numbers (contains pairs of strength and casualties)
 * warbox-campaign (meta-template in order to hold nest campaignbox within a surronding table; this will allow a campaignbox to be nested inside either the entire warbox or a particular phase)
 * Incidentally, this will allow us to simulate the existing battlebox; the only difference will be that the link to the conflict will appear above the image, rather than below it. Kirill Lokshin 13:13, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Second Aisne:
Hi everyone,

Just so you know, cause I like to get everyone involved, I've got the Second Battle of the Aisne up & running, as well as its nephew article, the Nivelle Offensive. So I've created 2 Aisnes, one more to go... Just so you know... Spawn Man 10:19, 29 September 2005 (UTC) P.S. Feel free to contribute to them if you want.

 * The NivOff got DYK status (but you knew that already :) and I had a good visit with your 2nd BoA. Would make one more minor suggestion, though...a campaignbox to link 2nd BoA with Battle of Arras (1917), which I have on good intelligence is a "World War I stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it" Good work and cheers M8:)--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 10:47, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Thanks R.D.H... But I don't understand what you're saying about the link between Arras & 2nd Boa?? Spawn Man 21:52, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Compound warboxes
For your viewing pleasure, my (very rough) draft of the compound warbox scheme:

Simulating the existing battlebox:

For a simple war:

For a multi-phase war:

(The alignment of the phase table inside the main one is obviously somewhat funny; I'll take a look at it later to see what's causing it, but it probably isn't a killer problem.)

There are still obvious changes to be made, but I think this scheme is workable. As far as the names of the templates are concerned, I think we can create redirects from shorter names without breaking anything.

I'll do some more work on this Sunday; feel free to play around with the sandboxed templates in the meantime. Kirill Lokshin 15:06, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

I see where you're getting at. Tried to center the thing, but apparently didnt work... Think that coloring of the titles (War title & Phase title) would look more informative. Should we hardcode color? I think we should, to avoid everybody coloring their own. I suggest we designate some specific place (maybe you're sandbox/warbox-full?) to test the box, and then tweak your files till we're there. Incidentally, did you use my code to start off or did you write it yourself? Good work either way! I dont have time today, maybe tomorrow... Greets, --The Minister of War 16:48, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

I've fixed the centering problem with the nested phase boxes; we can, incidentally, nest campaigns into phases, as shown here:

I've added back border="1" in order to enable borders between the white-background boxes, without which the warbox is quite confusing; I'm not sure how to selectively remove it (in order to make the "Part of" field flow together with the title.

I think we're at the point where pretty certain this will work; we now need to decide on colors/names/arrangements, and I'd like some input on these issues from other people before we start adding this to articles. In the meantime, I have no objections if anyone wants to keep working on this design in my sandbox subpages; if anyone wants to try a completely different (in terms of code rather than appearace) design, it might be best to create another sandbox for it, however, to allow side-by-side development. Kirill Lokshin 18:36, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Looking good; howd you get it to center?

 * I'd say we want the titles dark blue or something (like the battleboxes, but different to show its a WAR we're talking about), and the rest something bland, cccccc grey works nice imho. I think i know a way past the border thing, which is recouloring the border in the title part. I've implemented part of it, but dont have time to do it in full now. I think the border inside the box should be something other than white thought - i can hardly see it!
 * i think the items are pretty accurate, wouldnt know what to add/remove.
 * One thing though, i'm a bit unsure as to the addition of phases. Now that i see them in action, i'm kind of afraid they make things less clear rather than more. But i'd also love to hear some other opinions on this, before we conclude anything. --The Minister of War 09:28, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I centered it by setting the margins in warbox-phase-begin to "0em" instead of "1em".

 * The blue looks quite nice. I suppose one question is whether we'd want to use these new templates just for wars, or also to replace the battleboxes (for consistency).  I think the box up at the top of the section is a pretty good simulation of battlebox, but maybe others want to keep two entirely separate sets of templates.  In any case if (1) we replace battlebox with these and (2) we want different colors in the title for wars and battles, we may need to add a color parameter to warbox-begin.

 * The phases are going to be the exception rather than the rule in any case, since most wars can be written without them. They're really just a way to allow us to add warboxes to the (few) really unusual cases where we can't show the changing alliances in any other way, and we certainly don't have to use them in other cases.

 * In conclusion, I'd like to hear some other responses on basically three questions:
 * Are these warbox templates a good idea?
 * Can we use them to replace battlebox?
 * What style/formatting/content changes need to be made to them?
 * We're at the point where we could probably move these to Template:... and begin using them in articles, but we still don't know if anybody else likes the idea at all. Kirill Lokshin 10:14, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Just wanted to add, great work Kirill and MOW! It seems the two of you have made us new and improved warboxes. May I suggest the first place to try the compound WB would be the Thirty Years' War . Cheers, --R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 13:07, 5 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
User:Zaidkamal

Zaid Kamal is a legend of the twenteenth century. he is clever and hot-tempered in the same time. his name went through his country, through the world, through the global untill he became a myth and a legend.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Zaidkamal


text:
Abney Park

Abney Park is in Stoke Newington, London, England. It is a 13 ha park dating from just before 1700, named after Lady Abney, the wife of Sir Thomas Abney, Lord Mayor of London in 1700 and one of the first directors of the Bank of England and associated with Isaac Watts, who laid out an arboretum. In the early 18th century it was accessed via the frontages and gardens of two large mansions: her own manor house (Abney House) and Fleetwood House. Both fronted onto Church Street in what was then a quiet mainly Nonconformist (non-Anglican) village. In 1840, the grounds were turned into Abney Park Cemetery, where 200,000 people were buried. Since 1978, the grounds have served as a cemetery open only to burials in a few remaining paid-up plots; an enclosed woodland park and events venue open to the public managed by the London Borough of Hackney, and since 1993, as a Local Nature Reserve, too.

Parkland
In the early 18th century, Lady Abney laid out Abney Park after inheriting the Manor of Stoke Newington in 1701 from her brother Thomas Gunston. Initially she and her husband Sir Thomas Abney lived there part-time, also living at his country residence in Hertfordshire. She began work on the park in those years.

After her husband's death in 1722, Lady Abney moved to Abney House full-time, becoming the first Lady of the Manor of Stoke Newington in her own right. She was said to be helped in designing the landscaping of the grounds as an English garden by the learned Isaac Watts, who had been a long-term house guest of her and her late husband, and continued to live in her household. The neighbouring Hartopp family of Fleetwood House, who leased the eastern part of the park to Lady Mary, also helped with the park.

Her improvements included planting of the Great Elm Walk and Little Elm Walk, which established shady walkways down to the island heronry of the Hackney Brook at the bottom of the park. Both Wych Elm and English Elm were planted. The Hartopp family had already completed one of the early plantings of a Cedar of Lebanon tree in Great Britain, adjacent to an ornamental pond. This tree survived into the 1920s and is illustrated in many engravings of the period.

Other trees planted at an early date at Abney Park (either in the portion leased by Fleetwood House, or that attached solely to Abney House) included American Larch and Tulip Trees from the New World. The Nonconformists of Stoke Newington had strong connections to colonists in New England.

Abney House
Abney Park was dominated by Abney House which was built in 1700. For some time in the early decades of the 19th century, it was the residence of James William Freshfield and his family.

In its final years, it was adapted for use as a Wesleyan Methodist training college (c.1838/9–1843). Rev. John Farrar was the Governor of the college. He was elected Secretary of the Methodist Conference on fourteen occasions and twice its president. When the Methodists moved into their first purpose-built college at Richmond, south of London in 1843, Farrar was appointed as the Classical Tutor. He worked there until 1857.

After 1843, Abney House was 'recycled' (broken up for sale as building materials) for the building trade of the rapidly expanding metropolis, as was common in the Victorian era.

Fleetwood House
Fleetwood House was built in the 1630s for Sir Edward Hartopp. By marriage the estate passed to Charles Fleetwood, one of Oliver Cromwell's generals, and was named for him. It was later owned by various parties. It served as a meeting place for Dissenters and Nonconformists, for which residents Stoke Newington was known.

In the grounds was a third building, called the Summerhouse. From 1774, it was used as a summer residence by the family of young James Stephen (1758–1832). Although not a Quaker, he became closely involved with the abolitionist cause, which they supported. In 1800, he married Sarah Wilberforce, sister of his friend William, who visited Stoke Newington regularly. Between them, the two men drafted the Slave Trade Act 1807, to prohibit the international slave trade originating in Africa.

In 1824, Fleetwood House was adapted for use as a new Quaker school, known as Newington Academy for Girls (also Newington College for Girls). In a time when girls' educational opportunities were limited, it offered a wide range of subjects (including sciences) "on a plan in degree differing from any hitherto adopted", according to the prospectus. It commissioned the world's first school bus, designed by George Shillibeer.

One of the school's founders was William Allen, a Quaker active with the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade. His marriage to Grizell Hoare was the subject of a satirical cartoon, in which the school is referred to as the Newington Nunnery. Joseph Pease, later the first Quaker MP, wrote a doggerel verse praising Allen's marriage.

Fleetwood House was demolished in 1872. A fire station was constructed on the site.

title: Abney Park


text:
Muskiz

Muskiz is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country, northern Spain.

Neighborhoods
Muskiz is administratively divided into six neighborhoods or wards:

Economy

In the 1970s the petrochemical company Petronor built a refinery with a 222 metres tall chimney called La Catalítica.

Notable people

 * Nicolás de la Quadra, painter
 * Jose Ramon Campos, painter

title: Muskiz


text: User talk:83.145.101.66

title: User talk:83.145.101.66


text:
SixDegrees (magazine)

SixDegrees is a monthly published free English language magazine in Finland. It focuses on multicultural events, people, matters, and phenomena.

The magazine gets its name from the six degrees of separation, which is also what it is based off of.

History
SixDegrees was founded in 2003 by Alexis Kouros, as the first independent English language magazine in Finland. The magazine started with a digital edition, along with a print edition.

SixDegrees continued to be published daily online, as well as monthly in print, until 2016, when the latter of which was discontinued.

title: SixDegrees (magazine)


text:
Muxika

Muxika is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain. It has a population of 1,465 inhabitants as of 2019 according to the Spanish National Statistics Institute.

title: Muxika


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KCI

KCI may refer to:

 * Key Club International
 * Kitchener-Waterloo Collegiate and Vocational School
 * Kansas City International Airport
 * Korea Citation Index
 * Cedric "K-Ci" Hailey
 * Kinetic Concepts Inc
 * Kennel Club of India
 * Kereta Commuter Indonesia, Indonesian commuter railway operator

title: KCI


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Gig (carriage)

A gig is a light, two-wheeled open carriage with large wheels, a forward facing seat, and shafts for a single horse. The gig's body is constructed above the shafts, and it is entered from step-irons hanging from the shaft in front of the wheels. Gigs are enclosed at the back, and have luggage space under the cross-seat. Early gigs were crude and unsprung; later gigs were elegant for town driving and were constructed with springs. The term "gig" is short for "whirligig".

The Oxford English Dictionary gives the date of first known reference to a horse-drawn gig as 1791, and they were ubiquitous by the early 1800s.

Gigs were typically named after their designers, builders, or their shape. There are several types of gig, including:

 * Dennett gig: Early 1800's resembling the Stanhope gig but with three springs, one crosswise and two horizontal
 * Skeleton gig: Very light; no luggage space.
 * Spider gig: Very high gig, French version had high outward curving dash and curved shafts.
 * Stanhope: typically having a high seat and closed back; designed and built by Fitzroy Stanhope around 1814.
 * Stick-back gig: designed with the seat back made of sticks or ribs.
 * Suicide gig: Very high gig popular in Ireland. Dangerous to drive or mount.
 * Tilbury or Seven-spring gig: designed by Fitzroy Stanhope, but named after builder Tilbury. Heavier than the Stanhope because it had seven springs and two braces. Popular where roads were rough.
 * Whiskey or whisky: lightweight, often constructed with canework. Named for whisking over the road.

Gigs travelling at night would normally carry two oil lamps with thick glass, known as gig-lamps. This caused the formerly common slang word "giglamps" for "spectacles".

Nineteenth century literature frequently recounted "romantic tales of spills and hairbreadth [e]scapes" from these vehicles, but is equally fulsome on the fearful thrill experienced in driving them.

title: Gig (carriage)


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Nabarniz

Nabarniz is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain.

title: Nabarniz


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Ondarroa

Ondarroa is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of the Basque Autonomous Community, northern Spain.

Main sights

 * Church of St. Mary, in late Gothic style (late 15th century)
 * Likona Tower, a typical Basque tower-house.
 * Itsas Aurre Bridge, designed by Santiago Calatrava

People

 * Pedro Maria Unanue (1814-1846)
 * Txomin Agirre (1864-1920)
 * Agustin Zubikarai (1914-2004)
 * Karmele Urresti Iturrioz (1916-2010)
 * Dina Bilbao (1960-1997) - athlete
 * Ana Urkiza (b. 1969) - writer
 * Kirmen Uribe (b. 1970) - writer
 * Kepa Arrizabalaga (b. 1994) - goalkeeper for Real Madrid On loan from Chelsea football club and Spain, previously of Athletic Bilbao

Twin towns

 * 🇮🇹 Santa Flavia, Italy
 * 🇪🇭 Borj, Western Sahara

title: Ondarroa


text: User talk:66.109.245.29

title: User talk:66.109.245.29


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/D`Agostino Residence Hall

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Merge with NYU School of Law Ryan Norton T 23:05, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

D`Agostino Residence Hall
Non-notable dorm at New York University School of Law. Delete or merge into NYU School of Law or NYU residence halls (I don't know if the ones for the law school should be separate for some reason). -- Kjkolb 12:49, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. nn and not particularly worth merging. Anville 17:06, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into NYU School of Law per nom. Karmafist 19:15, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Borderline merge otherwise Delete. C HAIRBOY (☎) 19:33, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Trevor Fehrman

Trevor Gregory Fehrman (born July 14, 1981) is an American actor and writer best known for his portrayal of Elias in the 2006 comedy film, Clerks II.

Life and career
Fehrman is most widely known for his role in the film Clerks II in which he plays Elias Grover, Dante and Randal's new co-worker at the Mooby's fast food chain. Fehrman also appeared in Now You Know, which was written, directed and also featured Clerks II co-star Jeff Anderson. Kevin Smith had Fehrman reprise his role in Clerks III. He also played Handsome Davis, a teen student who cheats his way through high school in Cheats.

In 2013, Fehrman contributed film reviews for the website Film Racket.

title: Trevor Fehrman


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Caisa

Caisa is an International Cultural Centre in Helsinki, Finland. Located in Kallio near the city centre, it aims to support the multicultural development of the city by promoting the interaction of people from different countries, and by providing information about various cultures and about Finnish society.

title: Caisa


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Ondategi

Ondategi (Ondátegui) is a village and concejo in the municipality of Zigoitia, in Álava province, Basque Country, Spain. It is the capital of the municipality.

title: Ondategi


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User:Drorbn

Dror Bar-Natan, at.

There's a Wikipedia article about me; I did not start or edit that entry, and I have no intention of ever touching it.

title: User:Drorbn


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User talk:Saitansurimono

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Also, you may want to join the Japan-related topics board. --Dforest 12:52, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Saitansurimono


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Ruby Allen

Ruby Allen is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Louisa Lytton from 18 March 2005 to 23 November 2006, and then again from 18 September 2018 to 17 September 2021. The character and casting were announced in February 2005, and Ruby was introduced in March that year by producer Kathleen Hutchison. She was featured in storylines surrounding her gangland father Johnny Allen (Billy Murray), with whom she shared a problematic relationship with due to his criminal lifestyle. Other storylines included a close friendship with Stacey Slater (Lacey Turner), and an engagement to Stacey's brother Sean (Robert Kazinsky) - which affected their friendship. In July 2006, Lytton was axed from the show due to limited possibilities for the character following the death of her on-screen father, and Ruby departed on 23 November 2006. In July 2018, it was confirmed Lytton would return after a twelve-year absence. Ruby returned on 18 September 2018 and departed once again on 17 September 2021.

Following Ruby's initial departure, Lytton had expressed a disappointment in her exit, but stated that she would always be grateful for the role. In July 2018, it was announced that producer John Yorke had decided to reintroduce the character. After a twelve-year hiatus, Ruby returned on 18 September 2018 to reunite with her best friend Stacey. Producers soon placed her at the centre of a sexual consent storyline, involving a special episode about the views surrounding consent. Lytton and the storyline were praised by viewers and critics alike. In March 2021, Lytton announced she was expecting her first child and would go on maternity leave later in the year. Ruby departed in the episode broadcast on 17 September 2021. In March 2022, Lytton admitted she may not return to the soap following her maternity leave.

2005–2006
Ruby arrives in Walford, having run away from boarding school to look for her father, Johnny Allen (Billy Murray). On her arrival, she is befriended by Stacey Slater (Lacey Turner), who grills Ruby about her family. After storming out of the café where they are talking, she is mugged by a vagrant in Bridge Street, who grabs hold of Ruby's coat and steals her mobile phone. She is then almost run over by Tina Stewart's (Charlotte Avery) taxi. Ruby feels that Johnny is pushing her away and reminds him that he only saved her by accident when their house caught fire. He was actually trying to save her sister, Scarlet. Scarlet and their mother, Stephanie, died in the fire in March 2004. Ruby is livid when Johnny introduces her to his mistress Tina, who turns out to be the woman who had almost run her over, but later accepts the relationship. Ruby overhears Peggy Mitchell (Barbara Windsor) telling people that Johnny is a violent, murdering bully. Ruby confronts him and he denies it. She knows he is lying and stays with Stacey initially and then Peggy at Pat Evans' (Pam St Clement) house.

Ruby catches Johnny having an affair with Amy (Nina Fry) while he is engaged to Tina. She tells Tina and Tina leaves. Ruby eventually forgives her father and moves back in with him but later moves in with boyfriend, Juley Smith (Joseph Kpobie), to whom she lost her virginity. Johnny doesn't take kindly to this, as he has already warned Juley about Ruby. Ruby defends Juley and even turns against her dad for him, but she is devastated to learn that Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden) has been paying Juley to sleep with her as part of his feud with Johnny. Ruby feels thankful when Dennis Rickman (Nigel Harman) helps with her things as she moves in with Juley, Ruby drops her things outside her house whilst walking to her flat. She is upset when Johnny is brutally beaten up on New Year's Eve during a clash with Dennis. On New Year's Day 2006, Ruby thinks that Phil attacked him, unless it wasn't him. When Dennis dies on New Year's Eve, Ruby is unaware that Johnny had him killed. She reacts by getting drunk and collapsing on the floor. Phil, who has broken into Johnny's house to have it out with him, takes her to hospital. Juley attempts to get Ruby back, and she eventually agrees to try again. However, she realises that she cannot trust him when she found herself questioning his phone calls.

Ruby discovers that Johnny is an alcoholic in "Get Johnny Week" and she leaves him to Phil. She and Grant Mitchell (Ross Kemp) have a heart to heart, and Grant discovers that Phil paid Juley to sleep with Ruby. Grant is furious and burst into Johnny's office where Phil is holding Johnny until he confesses to Dennis's murder. This gives Johnny a chance to get away. There is a big chase, which results in Danny Moon (Jake Maskall) handcuffing the brothers and marching them into the forest. He is about to kill Grant when Jake Moon (Joel Beckett) shoots him instead and kills him. Ruby persuades Johnny to hand himself in, and that she will never forgive him if he doesn't. To please her, he hands himself in, and he is imprisoned for the murders of both Dennis and Andy Hunter (Michael Higgs). Ruby promises to visit Johnny whilst he is in prison.

When Ruby returns to Walford, Charlie Slater (Derek Martin) allows her to move in with him and the Slaters. Ruby later discovers that Jake had murdered Danny, and she is furious with him. Jake becomes obsessed with Ruby's welfare, and takes over the running of her club until she turns 18 in October. Ruby withdraws £2000 for a holiday, but decides to return it and is mugged by Juley in the process. Ruby then begins a relationship with Sean Slater (Robert Kazinsky), Stacey's brother, unaware that he is a womaniser who is only dating her for her money. Jake is furious when he discovers Sean's plans, and he does all he can to persuade Ruby to leave him. Jake lets Johnny know about Ruby's relationship with Sean, and informs him about Sean's plans, so Johnny calls for Sean to visit him in prison. On Ruby's 18th birthday in October 2006, Sean meets Johnny in the prison visiting room, and he aggravates Johnny with plans on what he was going to do to Ruby. Johnny is furious, and plans revenge. That night, Ruby is vexed by Jake's interference which leads to an argument, calling him a "murderer" and a "psychopath", which resulted in Jake departing Walford to start anew out of the country - thereby leaving Ruby to fend for herself. That same night on her birthday, Ruby finds out that Johnny has died from a heart attack after the confrontation with Sean in prison.

Ruby is left heartbroken following her father's death, and is even more so when Sean lacks comfort and support. On the day of Johnny's funeral, Ruby goes missing and Sean finds her - slumped behind the desk in the Scarlet office - with a bottle of vodka. Later, she speaks to Pat who made her think, by saying that her father was normally right about people, including Jake and Sean. Sean later proposes to Ruby, stating he has genuine feelings for her, and she accepts. Later, Ruby learns from Stacey that Sean had cheated on her with Preeti Choraria (Babita Pohoomull) and she barges into Tanya Branning's (Jo Joyner) salon to threaten her. She makes Sean vow to be true to her, but when she tells his mother, Jean Slater (Gillian Wright), that he is back in Walford, he angrily breaks up with her, throwing her father's ashes in her face. Ruby later leaves Walford in the back of a taxi, having fallen out with Stacey once again.

2018–2021
After twelve years, Ruby returns to Walford and reunites with Stacey at the E20. Ruby attends the school reunion of Stacey's husband, Martin Fowler (James Bye), where Ruby flirts with Martin's friend Ross Swinden (Ossian Luke). The next day, Ruby tells Stacey that she went back to Ross' house afterwards and had sex with him, but woke up with Martin's other friend, Matt Clarkson (Mitchell Hunt), on top of her. Stacey tells Ruby that she was raped by Matt and eventually Ruby reports this to the police. Ruby moves into a flat on Albert Square. A photograph emerges of Ruby kissing Matt in the club the night before and Ruby is devastated when the police receive it. However, both Matt and Ross are charged with rape. It is then reported in the local newspaper, though none of the people involved are named, but Ruby starts to get tagged in online photos taken in the E20 that night with comments implying Ruby's rape allegation is false. Ruby suffers from online bullying, and considers dropping the case altogether. She eventually continues with it, and goes on several dates with Jay Brown (Jamie Borthwick). She struggles to open up to him because of her experiences.

In February 2019, Ruby is hosting a party for Habiba (Rukku Nahar) and Iqra Ahmed (Priya Davdra) to coincide with the opening of their restaurant. She feels sorry for Mel Owen (Tamzin Outhwaite) following her son Hunter's (Charlie Winter) prison sentencing, and encourages her to come along. The night goes smoothly, until the police turn up and arrest Ruby for sexual assault on her former employee Blake Turner (Makir Ahmed). After she is arrested on suspicion of sexual assault on Blake, they meet to discuss what happened. She says they had consensual sex but he says that as she was his boss, when she came onto him at the office Christmas party, he felt obliged to have sex with her and then date her for fear of being sacked, which he was when their relationship ended. She says she had to sack someone and he was not up to the job and she asks if this accusation is revenge for her firing him. He admits he was bad at the job but says that was why he had to go along with her advances. He leaves but she follows him and asks if someone put him up to the accusation, as her rapists are due in court soon. He says his girlfriend did, as she helped him see what happened for what it really was. He says she has to realise that she cannot get away with what she said, so she apologises and says she did not know that he did not want to have sex with her. She tells him to do what he feels is right. However, Ruby later finds out that Blake has dropped the allegation.

Ruby's trial is coming up, and she begins to fear that it will not deliver justice. So thinks about how her father might handle the situation, and decides to try for revenge. She lures Matt and Ross back to the Square by pretending to be another girl. Ross comes to her apartment, and while confronting him, she manages to drug him. Meanwhile, Ross has sent Matt a picture of Ruby along with the message "Round Two?" The message is seen by Martin, who is catching up with Matt at the time, and finally realises that what Ruby said is true. Him and Stacey rush to Ruby's apartment, where she is preparing to castrate Ross. They convince her to trust in the Courts, and Martin suggests that they hand Ross' phone in to the police, as it contains incriminating text messages between Ross and Matt. Ruby decides against this, knowing that it would also incriminate her for what she tried to do to Ross. The trial proceeds, and is an emotional experience for both Ruby and Stacey, who support each other throughout. Matt eventually breaks on the stand, admitting that he does not know whether Ruby had consented or not. Matt and Ross are found guilty and sentenced to ten years in prison. After Stacey encourages her to move on with her life, Ruby decides to start a relationship with Jay. Whilst Ruby and Jay are on and off, Jay's ex-girlfriend Lola Pearce (Danielle Harold) returns to Walford and almost begins a relationship with him. Billy convinces Ruby to let Lola work with her and Ruby agrees, not knowing about her identity. They struggle to get on and Ruby eventually sacks her. Ruby is reunited with Sean at The Queen Victoria public house and she slaps him as revenge for throwing her father's ashes in her face.

In the summer, Ruby starts dating Max Branning (Jake Wood). Max wanted their relationship to be kept a secret from Stacey, but Ruby was unaware as to why. One evening, Stacey delivers some food to his doorstep, but is gobsmacked to find Ruby with him. Max then decides to tell Ruby about his sexual past with Stacey, and she is left stunned, but decides to stay with him. Stacey starts to feel betrayed by Ruby for sleeping with Max, but their friendship is not affected. Max and Ruby's relationship doesn't survive however, with Max confessing to her that he was going through a "midlife crisis". However, they later reunite.

In November 2019, Mel decides to sell her half of the E20, and offers Ruby the chance to buy both hers and Sharon Watts' (Letitia Dean) shares. Mel's blackmail of Sharon over her affair with and pregnancy by Keanu Taylor (Danny Walters) ensures Sharon reluctantly sells to Ruby. However, Ruby is concerned about Mel's mental health and assures Lisa Fowler (Lucy Benjamin) that she will only buy the club from Mel if she is definitely in a fit state to sell, which she eventually does, renaming the club "Ruby's". Ruby later sleeps with Martin and tells Max straight away, explaining that they are in an open relationship. Ruby befriends Whitney Dean (Shona McGarty) during Stacey's absence, and Ruby is shocked by Whitney's talent of dress-making. Whitney explains to Ruby how her ex-boyfriend Leo King (Tom Wells) had locked her in a hotel room when she discovered his true identity. Ruby has a heart-to-heart with Whitney and encourages her to feel less sympathetic towards him. Ruby later lets Dotty Cotton (Milly Zero) and Vinny Panesar (Shiv Jalota) deal NOS canisters on the club premises.

Ruby hires Martin as the new bouncer of her club, making Max jealous. As Ruby and Martin become closer, Ruby leaves Max. Ruby later begins a relationship with Martin and is shocked to find that somebody is stealing her money. Due to financial difficulty, Ruby stages a robbery with Vinny which results in Martin being seriously injured by Vinny. Ruby discovers that Stacey is the culprit behind her missing money; as revenge against Ruby for dating Martin, and she plans to report her to the police, but is stopped by Martin who only wants Stacey to stay, so he can see his children. Soon after in October 2020, Ruby and Martin announce their marriage, much to the shock of Stacey. Ruby hosts a celebration at the club and forces Stacey to join, leading to a confrontation when Ruby continues to belittle Stacey. They almost make amends until Stacey's daughter Lily Slater (Lillia Turner) reveals all the horrible things that Stacey had said about Ruby. Upset, Ruby arranges for Stacey to be attacked by a hooded figure outside the club. Ruby and Stacey's rivalry continues when Ruby is jealous that Martin is spending Christmas Day with Stacey and the Slaters. Unbeknown to Ruby, Stacey makes a pass at Martin but is rejected. A jealous Ruby accuses Stacey of plotting to win back Martin and warns her to stay away. During a conversation with Martin's friend Kush, he tells Ruby that Stacey is still interested in Martin and is scheming to win him back. As revenge on New Years Eve Ruby offers Kush money to run away with his and Stacey's son Arthur. She then claims to be pregnant so to keep Martin with her. In February 2021, Stacey discovers that Ruby was the perpetrator behind the robbery, Stacey's attack and Kush taking Arthur, which leads to a confrontation at the club where Ruby finds out she really is pregnant. Days later, Ruby and Martin want to take the kids on holiday and making Stacey angry about the lack of communication and worried if the kids will not return to her.

After visiting a clinic and stealing another woman's baby scan to protect her lies, Ruby suffers a miscarriage. During a further confrontation with Stacey at the club, she trips and falls on the stairs. She uses the fall as the explanation for losing the baby and accuses Stacey of pushing her. Finding CCTV footage from the club which appears to show this happening, she deletes the footage from another camera showing the truth and presents it to the police. Jean Slater (Gillian Wright) tries to persuade her to drop the charges, telling her that she believes she has terminal cancer and may not live to see Stacey released, but Ruby presses ahead regardless. Stacey is subsequently convicted of assault and sentenced to a year in prison. Her children end up having to move in with Ruby and Martin because Jean is very stressed, and Ruby uses them regularly to get out of difficult situations such as Lily as she knows the lies about Ruby so in revenge cuts up Ruby's mum's wedding dress. Ruby and Martin continue trying for a baby, but she learns that she has endometriosis which could affect her fertility. After suffering a second miscarriage, Jean offers support to Ruby and the pair begin to grow close. Isaac Baptiste (Stevie Basaula), who is suffering from schizophrenia, becomes obsessed with Ruby, convinced that her father was responsible for his brother Paul Trueman's (Gary Beadle) death and that she is covering it up. Ruby's guilt over sending Stacey to prison increases as she and Jean spend time together, and she starts sending large amounts of money to Jean to support her. During an appointment she finally confesses the truth to Jean, and she warns Ruby that she needs to confess the truth to Martin or she will. Ruby subsequently discovers that Jean has a cannabis farm in her garage that was set up by Big Mo before she left and tips off the police, leading to her arrest before she can tell Martin the truth. However, Martin discovers the lies after Lily is caught with weed and knowing about suspecting Jean's cancer is back. Martin visits Stacey in prison and learns about much of Ruby's deceit and is ordered to sort Ruby out or she will kill her. When he confronts her about it, she confesses everything to him including the robbery and about how she manipulated Martin by twisting the truth and how she silenced Stacey, Kush and Lily but also reveals that she is pregnant again. However Martin doesn't believe her as he encourages her to go to the police station with him. But Jean sets Ruby up by accusing her of being behind the cannabis farm to the police and threatens her, resulting in Ruby being arrested after Lily's drugs are found in the house and subsequently pleading guilty. She later sells her house to Sharon, applies for a divorce from Martin and leaves him and the kids homeless and without a job and all bank accounts shut down. She leaves Dotty in charge of the club before selling it off-screen to Sam Mitchell (Kim Medcalf), the following year.

Casting and characterisation
Ruby Allen and her casting were announced on 3 February 2005. Louisa Lytton was cast in the role. Speaking of her casting, Lytton commented "I'm nervous and excited all at the same time to be joining EastEnders. This is an amazing opportunity and I can't believe that I'm going to be working alongside some of my favourite actors and actresses."

Ruby has been described as "daddy's little princess, who has a bite when someone crosses her line." Johnathon Hughes of the Radio Times said "Part of the somewhat shaky mid-2000s era of EastEnders, Ruby was the vulnerable, softly-spoken daughter of dangerous crime boss Johnny who's [sic] womanising and wide [sic] boy ways constantly saw him let his daughter down." Sophie Dainty of Digital Spy stated "Despite being dangerous Johnny’s daughter, Ruby was a meek and mild little thing when she first arrived [...] she had been traumatised by a house fire that had killed her mum and her sister and developed a problematic sleep walking habit as a result."

Departure
On 8 July 2006, Daniel Saney of Digital Spy reported Lytton would be written out of EastEnders following a mutual decision between the producers and the actress herself. It was decided that the character had no further purpose after the departure of her on-screen father, Johnny Allen (Billy Murray). A spokesperson said "The way the storylines pan out means there's not really much scope for Louisa's character any more." Lytton revealed that she had enjoyed her time at EastEnders, and called it a great experience. She added that she was looking forward to trying new things. Executive producer Kate Harwood stated that Lytton was popular with fans and her character would get a "dramatic" exit.

In December 2009, Lytton said she would have liked her EastEnders exit to have been more dramatic. Speaking to an FHM writer, Lytton explained that her exit, which saw Ruby leave in a black cab with her father's ashes, would have been better if it was something "massive" and "dramatic". In August 2011, Lytton said that she would love to return to the show. She stated that she would immediately cause trouble and come back as a "hard-faced bitch", as Ruby often let people walk over her and constantly cried. Lytton also said that she will always be grateful for the part of Ruby. Speaking to a writer from OK Magazine, Lytton admitted that the experience was brilliant and helped give an insight of what she wanted to do in her career. She added "But there is so much I still want to do at home, like theatre, and build myself up, because I have missed out on things like drama schools. It's funny because when I was there they thought I was a huge star back in Britain!"

Reflecting back at her time on EastEnders during an interview with British Comedy Guide, Lytton told them, "I was 15 when I started. My family were not in the industry at all and it was so full on being in EastEnders. I was so young and I didn't know what to expect. It could have gone one of two ways - either I went off the rails or I grew up. I was focused and I grew up. I do feel really lucky." Talking about whether she'd return to soap, Lytton revealed, "I loved my time on the soap [...] but I am not sure I would return to one again. Never say never!"

Reintroduction
Lytton's return to the series was announced on 18 July 2018, twelve years after her departure. Lytton began filming again in Summer 2018 and Ruby returned later in the year. While most of Ruby's return details were embargoed, it was confirmed that Ruby would reconcile with Stacey upon her return. John Yorke, the show's executive consultant, approached Lytton with a return, and she quickly accepted the offer. Lytton expressed her excitement to reprise the role and explore the character. She commented, "We last saw her twelve years ago as a young girl and now she is returning as a woman with scope for major change and some brilliantly challenging storylines." Yorke expressed his delight at Ruby's return and described the character as "much more mature and confident".

Further details about Ruby's reintroduction were released on 11 September. It was revealed that Ruby would anonymously contact Stacey and arrange to meet her at the E20 nightclub, leaving Stacey stunned when she realises that she is meeting Ruby. Lytton thought that while it appears that she is visiting a friend as she passes Walford, Ruby is actually "quite lonely". She commented, "I think it's a thing of going back to what she knows and recreating that friendship with her old friend." Stacey wants to reestablish a friendship with Ruby and prepares for their night out. Lytton hoped that her and Turner's bond came across well on screen and confirmed that they would recommence the friendship started in her first stint. She added that it was "surreal" to reprise the role and described the character as "older and more confident" following her reintroduction. Ruby returns in episode 5779, first broadcast on 18 September.

Lytton revealed that she was shocked to be asked back to EastEnders after such a long time, and told Metro UK, "In my head, obviously I’d always have loved to go back to the show because it was where I started out, but it had been so long that it was never an option in my head anymore [...] I genuinely never thought about it being an option, especially because my dad had died in the show."

Sexual consent
Yorke confirmed that when Ruby returns, she would be involved in one of the show's "biggest storylines". Two months later, it was announced that Ruby would be raped as part of a sexual consent storyline. The plot begins when Ruby and Stacey attend a party together following her return. The following day, Ruby confides in Stacey that she has been raped, although the perpetrator has an alternative view of the night. Duncan Lindsay of the Metro confirmed that the perpetrator would not be a regular character. It was reported that the attack would not be shown, but the show's research team worked with charity Rape Crisis England and Wales to accurately portray the storyline. Yorke said that the story would "challenge the stereotyping and myths that can surround sexual violence and consent". He described the plot as challenging and emotional and added, "we hope that by EastEnders tackling this issue we can raise awareness about an incredibly important issue." Lytton was aware of the responsibility attached to the storyline and felt proud to portray the issue. She hoped to "end the many misconceptions surrounding sexual violence." Yvonne Traynor, the CEO of Rape Crisis South London, commented, "EastEnders have taken this responsibility very seriously and ensured that their portrayal of sexual violence has been thoroughly researched and is based on realism which is, sadly, so prevalent in our country today."

On 19 November 2018, a special episode of EastEnders focusing on Ruby's sexual assault was announced. The episode is entirely set in The Queen Victoria pub and showcases different opinions on Ruby's assault after it is featured in a local newspaper. The episode sees multiple residents discussing attitudes to consent and the assault without knowing that Ruby is the victim, while Ruby listens to the variation in opinions. Lytton liked the concept of the episode since she knew many people with different views on consent. She felt that it was important to display the alternative outlooks on the situations. The episode takes place after Ruby's rapists, Ross Swinden (Ossian Luke) and Matt Clarkson (Mitchell Hunt), are charged for rape. At the end of the episode, Ross and Matt's friend, Glenn Neyland (Todd Von Joel), publicly accuses her of lying so she reveals herself as the rape victim, shocking the local residents. The special episode is filmed differently to normal episodes and uses a different director to the rest of the week's episodes. Lytton realised the episode would be not be a regular episode when she noticed it had a different director. On the episode, the actress commented, "It's not what you normally see on EastEnders."

Reception
For her portrayal of Ruby, Lytton was nominated for Best Soap Actor (Female) at the 2018 Digital Spy Reader Awards; she came in fourth place with 10.5% of the total vote. Her sexual consent storyline was also nominated under the "Best Soap Storyline" category; it came in fifth place with 9.7% of the total vote.

Lytton received a positive response from the audience about the storyline. Female viewers contacted the actress to let her know about when they related to the storyline. The decision to use Ruby as the character in the sexual consent story was criticised following the announcement of the story, although Sophie Dainty, writing for entertainment website Digital Spy, thought it was a good choice as the characters and viewers would be unbiased when deciding whom to believe. Dainty praised EastEnders for exploring an "important social issue" with Ruby's sexual consent storyline and the "extensive" research it undertook when developing the story. She also commented, "EastEnders bosses weren't wrong when they said it would be one of the biggest stories of the year". Katie Baillie of the Metro enjoyed Lytton's performance during the storyline and opined that she deserved an accolade as she did not appear to be acting, rather living the experience herself.

Critics and viewers alike enjoyed the special episode about Ruby's consent storyline, describing it as "authentic, unflinching, and thoroughly thought-provoking", "an episode we won't be forgetting in a while", "one of the soap's all-time classics", "one of the most poignant [episodes] in the history of EastEnders", "nothing short of spectacular", and "brave and ambitious". Dainty (Digital Spy) also said that at times, the episode was "uncomfortable to watch" and "slightly unconventional". Her colleague, Justin Harp, dubbed the episode an "emotional rollercoaster that viewers will not soon forget". Dainty and Baillie (Metro) praised Lytton's performance during the rape storyline, with Dainty dubbing it "brilliant" and Baillie saying that it has "you going through a roller coaster of emotions". Dainty described Ruby's speech at the end of the episode as "powerful and very public", while Baillie said that it leaves the audience "with a fire in your belly ready to stand beside her and fight". Viewers of the episode also enjoyed Lytton's performance, calling it "phenomenal" and "incredible". Baillie noted that the episode is "filled with moments that will knock the wind out of you with some incredible one liners that catch you off guard". Dainty thought that the special episode "unpicked and unravelled" each opinion of rape and consent. The reporter believed that after the episode, there was "more ground to be covered in the aftermath". Baillie enjoyed the writing of Ruby as someone who is upset and annoyed, yet not worried and frightened. She added that although Ruby is teary, her tears "take not one ounce away from her strength".

title: Ruby Allen


text:
Polysomy

Polysomy is a condition found in many species, including fungi, plants, insects, and mammals, in which an organism has at least one more chromosome than normal, i.e., there may be three or more copies of the chromosome rather than the expected two copies. Most eukaryotic species are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes, whereas prokaryotes are haploid, containing a single chromosome in each cell. Aneuploids possess chromosome numbers that are not exact multiples of the haploid number and polysomy is a type of aneuploidy. A karyotype is the set of chromosomes in an organism and the suffix -somy is used to name aneuploid karyotypes. This is not to be confused with the suffix -ploidy, referring to the number of complete sets of chromosomes.

Polysomy is usually caused by non-disjunction (the failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate) during meiosis, but may also be due to a translocation mutation (a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes). Polysomy is found in many diseases, including Down syndrome in humans where affected individuals possess three copies (trisomy) of chromosome 21.

Polysomic inheritance occurs during meiosis when chiasmata form between more than two homologous partners, producing multivalent chromosomes. Autopolyploids may show polysomic inheritance of all the linkage groups, and their fertility may be reduced due to unbalanced chromosome numbers in the gametes. In tetrasomic inheritance, four copies of a linkage group rather than two (tetrasomy) assort two-by-two.

Types
Polysomy types are categorized based on the number of extra chromosomes in each set, noted as a diploid (2n) with an extra chromosome of various numbers. For example, a polysomy with three chromosomes is called a trisomy, a polysomy with four chromosomes is called tetrasomy, etc.:

In canines
Polysomy plays a role in canine leukemia, hemangiopericytomas, and thyroid tumors. Abnormalities of chromosome 13 have been observed in canine osteoid chondrosarcoma and lymphosarcoma. Trisomy 13 in dogs with lymphosarcoma show a longer duration of first remission (medicine) and survival, responding well to treatments with chemotherapeutic agents. Polysomy of chromosome 13 (Polysomy 13) is significant in the development of prostate cancer and is often caused by centric fusions. Since canine chromosome 13 is similar to human chromosome 8q, research could provide insight to treatment for prostate cancer in humans. Polysomy of chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, and 25 are also frequently involved in canine tumors. Chromosome 1 may contain a gene responsible for tumor development and lead to changes in the karyotype, including fusion of the centromere, or centric fusions. Aneuploidy due to nondisjunction is a common feature in tumor cells.

Sex chromosomes
Some of the most frequent genetic disorders are abnormalities of sex chromosomes, but polysomies rarely occur. 49,XXXXY chromosome polysomy occurs every 1 in 85,000 newborn males. The incidence of other X polysomies (48,XXXX, 48,XXXY, 48,XXYY) is more rare than 49,XXXXY. Polysomy Y (47,XYY; 48,XYYY; 48,XXYY; 49,XXYYY) occurs in 1 out of 975 males and may cause psychiatric, social, and somatic abnormalities. Polysomy X may cause mental and developmental retardation and physical malformation. Klinefelter syndrome is an example of human polysomy X with the karyotype 47, XXY. X chromosome polysomies can be inherited from either a single maternal (49, X polysomies) or paternal (48, X polysomies) X chromosome. Polysomy of sex chromosomes is caused by successive nondisjunctions in meiosis I and II.

Chromosome 7
In squamous cell carcinoma, a protein from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is often overexpressed in conjunction with polysomy of chromosome 7, so chromosome 7 can be used to predict the presence of EGFR in squamous cell carcinoma. In colorectal cancer, EGFR expression is decreased with polysomy 7, which makes polysomy 7 easier to detect and could be used to prevent patients from having unnecessary cancer treatment.

Chromosome 8
Tetrasomy and hexasomy 8 are rare compared to trisomy 8, which is the most common karyotypic finding in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). AML, MDS, or myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) with a high incidence of secondary diseases and a six-month survival rate are associated with a polysomy 8 syndrome.

Chromosome 17
Overexpression of the HER2/neu gene on chromosome 17 and some type of polysomy has been reported in 8-68% of breast carcinomas. If theHER-2/neu gene does not amplify in the case of polysomy, proteins may be overexpressed and could lead to tumerogenesis. Polysomy 17 may complicate the interpretation of HER2 testing results in cancer patients. Chromosome 17 polysomy may not be present when the centromere is amplified, so it was later discovered that polysomy 17 is rare. This was discovered using array comparative genomic hybridization, a DNA-based alternative for clinical evaluation of HER2 gene copy number.

Trisomy 21
Trisomy 21 is a form of Down syndrome that occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21. The result is a genetic condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. During egg or sperm development the 21st chromosome does not separate during either the egg or sperm development. The result is a cell that has 24 chromosomes. This extra chromosome may cause problems with the manner in which the body and brain develop.

Tetrasomy 9p
Tetrasomy 9p is a rare condition in which people have a small extra chromosome that contains two copies of part of chromosome 9, in addition to having two normal chromosome 9's as well. This condition may be diagnosed by analyzing a person's blood sample since 9p is found in high concentrations in the blood. Ultrasound is another tool that may be utilized to identify tetrasomy 9p in infants prior to birth. Prenatal ultrasound may reveal several common characteristics including: growth restriction, ventriculomegaly, cleft lip or palate, and renal anomalies.

Tetrasomy 18p
Tetrasomy 18p occurs when the short arm of the 18th chromosome appears four times, rather than twice, in the cells of the body. It is considered to be a rare disease and usually is not inherited. The mechanism of 18p formation appears to be the result of two independent events: centromeric misdivision and nondisjunction. Characteristic features of tetrasomy 18p include, but are not limited to: growth retardation, scoliosis, abnormal brain MRI, developmental delays, and strabismus.

Germ line polysomy in the grasshopper
Germ line cells develop into eggs and sperm and the associated inherited material can be passed down to future generations. As shown in the associated karyotype image, chromosomes 1–22 are grouped A-G. A population of male grasshoppers (Chorthippus binotatus) from the Sierra Nevada (Spain) are polysomic mosaics (coming from cells of two genetically different types) possessing an extra E group chromosome(chromosomes 16, 17 & 18) in their testicles. Parents that exhibited polysomy did not pass the E chromosome abnormality to any of the offspring, so this is not something that is passed down to future generations. Male grasshoppers (Atractomorpha similis) from Australia carry between one and ten extra copies of chromosome A9, with one being the most common in natural populations. Most polysomic males produce normal sperm. However, polysomy can be transmissible through both the male and female parents through nondisjunction.

Heterochromatic polysomy in the cricket
Heterochromatin contains a small number of genes and densely staining nodules in or along chromosomes. The mole cricket chromosome number varies between 19 and 23 chromosomes depending on the part of the world in which they are located, including Jerusalem, Palestine, and Europe. Heterochromic polysomy is seen in mole crickets with 23 chromosomes and may be a factor contributing to their evolution, specifically within the species Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, along with various living environments and mating systems.

X-chromosome polysomy in the fruit fly
In the fruit fly, Drosophila, one X chromosome in the male is almost the same as two X chromosomes in the female in terms of the gene product produced. Despite this, metafemales, or females having three X chromosomes, are unlikely to survive. It is possible that the extra X chromosome decreases gene expression and could explain why the metafemales rarely survive this X-chromosome polysomy.

In plants
A karyotype rearrangement of individual chromosomes takes place when polysomy in plants in observed. The mechanism of this type of rearrangement is "non-disjunction, mis-segregation in diploids or polyploids; mis-segregation from multivalents in interchange heterozygotes." Incidences of polysomy have been identified in many species of plants, including:

 * Ornithogalum umbellatum L. (Liliaceae)
 * Conifers
 * Cultivar R570
 * Brassica
 * Euphrasia
 * Paspalum dilatatum

In fungi
Few fungi have been researched so far, possibly due to the low number of chromosomes in fungi, as determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Polysomy of Chromosome 13 has been observed in the Flor strains of the yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Chromosome 13 contains loci, specifically the ADH2 and ADH3 loci, which encode for the isozymes of alcohol dehydrogenase. These isozymes play a primary role in the biological aging of wines via ethanol oxidative utilization. Polysomy of Chromosome 13 is promoted when there is disruption of the yeast RNA1 gene with LEU2 sequences.

Fluorescent in situ hybridization
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a cytogenetic technique that has proven to be useful in the diagnosis of patients with polysomy. Conventional cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have been used to detect various polysomies, including the most common autosomies (trisomy 13, 18, 21) as well as polysomy X and Y. Testing for chromosomal aneuploidy with Fluorescence in situ hybridization may increase the sensitivity of cytology and improve the accuracy of cancer diagnosis. The Cervical Cancer, TERC, Fluorescence in situ hybridization test, detects amplification of the human telomerase RNA component (TERC) gene and/or polysomy of chromosome 3.

Spectral karyotyping
Spectral karyotyping (SKY) looks at the entire karyotype by using fluorescent labels and assigning a particular color to each chromosome. SKY is usually performed after conventional cytogenic techniques have already detected an abnormal chromosome. FISH analysis is then used to confirm the identity of the chromosome.

Giemsa banding (G-banded karyotyping)
Karyotypes are commonly analyzed using Giemsa banding (G-banded karyotyping)). Each chromosome shows unique light and dark bands after they are denatured with trypsin and polysomies can be detected by counting the stained chromosomes. Several cells have to be analysed to detect mosaicism.

Microarray analysis
Submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities that are too small to be detected via other means of karyotyping, may be identified by chromosomal microarray analysis. There are several existing microarray techniques that may be utilized during the prenatal diagnosis phase, and these include SNP arrays and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). CGH is a DNA-based diagnostic tool that has been used to detect polysomy 17 in breast cancer. CGH was first used in 1992 by Kallionemi at UC San Francisco. When used in conjunction with ultrasound findings, microarray analysis may be instrumental in the clinical diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities.

Prenatal diagnostic tests
Prenatal and other diagnostic techniques such as immunocytochemistry (ICC) evaluation are usually followed by FISH or Polymerase Chain Reaction to detect chromosomal aneuploidies. Maternal blood sampling for fetal cells, often used to identify risk of trisomies 18 or 21, poses less risk as compared to amniocentesis and chorionic villous sampling (CVS). Chorionic villus sampling utilizes placental tissue to give information about fetal chromosome status and has been used since the 1970s. In addition to CVS, amniocentesis can be used to obtain fetal karyotype by examining fetal cells in amniotic fluid. It was first performed in 1952 and became standard practice in the 1970s. The odds of having a child with polysomy increases as the age of the mother increases, so pregnant women over the age of 35 are tested.

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis
RFLPs can be used to determine the origin and mechanism involved with Polysomy X and other chromosome heteromorphisms or chromosomes that differ in size, shape, or staining properties. Restriction enzymes cut DNA at a specific site and the DNA fragments that are left are called restriction fragment length polymorphisms, or RFLPs. RFLP also aids in the identification of the Huntingtin (HTT) gene which is predictive of an adult-onset autosomal disorder called Huntington's disease (HD). Mutations in chromosome 4 are able to be visualized when RFLP is used in conjunction with Southern blot analysis.

Flow cytometry
Human lymphocyte cultures may be analyzed by flow cytometry to assess chromosomal abnormalities, such as polyploidy, hypodiploidy, and hyperdiploidy. Flow cytometers have the ability to analyze thousands of cells each second and are commonly used to isolate specific cell populations.

title: Polysomy


text:
User talk:Anasazi~enwiki

Welcome!

Hi there Anasazi and welcome to Wikipedia. I'm Banes. Thank you for joining this project. I sincerely hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian (trust me, being a Wikipedian can be great fun)! By the way, you can sign your name on talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or feel free ask me on my Talk page. You are most welcome to drop me a line anytime. Again, welcome! Its good to have you with us!  Ban e  s  12:56, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
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The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Anasazi. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Anasazi~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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title: User talk:Anasazi~enwiki


text:
Robert Sidoli

Roberto Andrew Sidoli (born 21 June 1979), commonly anglicised as Robert Sidoli, is a former Welsh international rugby union player. He has won 42 caps for Wales as a lock forward.

Born in Merthyr Tydfil, he played for his school, Bishop Hedley High School, and then club rugby for Merthyr and Pontypridd, being voted Pontypridd's Player of the Year in 2001–02. During his time at Merthyr, Sidoli studied for a BSc in computer science at Cardiff University. At the introduction of regional rugby in Wales in 2003, Sidoli joined the Celtic Warriors, but the team only lasted a year before being wound up in 2004, when Sidoli joined the Cardiff Blues.

Sidoli joined Bristol at the start of the 2008–09 season, but was unable to prevent them from being relegated, and returned to Wales in 2009, joining the Newport Gwent Dragons. He retired from playing at the end of the 2013–14 season.

International
Sidoli won his first cap for Wales as a replacement against South Africa in 2002. After good performances in the 2003 Rugby World Cup, he missed most of the 2004 Six Nations Championship with a groin injury. He was in the starting line-up for all Wales matches in the Grand Slam-winning team of 2005, and scored his first international try against Italy during that tournament.

Personal
His brother, Wales under-21 international Peter Sidoli, nationalised to play for their father's native Italy, but was never selected.

Sidoli is related to the Sidoli's Ice Cream family business, well known in South Wales.

title: Robert Sidoli


text:
Mark Mercuri

Mark Mercuri (born 21 February 1974) is a former professional Australian rules football player who played for the Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League. He played in the 1993 premiership winning team which defeated Carlton and in the 2000 premiership team which defeated Melbourne. In the 1999 AFL season, Mercuri was one of the premier players of the competition, finishing runner-up in the Brownlow Medal, and earning a lucrative and rarely heard-of 5-year contract.

Mercuri played his 200th AFL game in round three, 2004 against in the match best known for James Hird's match-winning goal which broke a 131–all deadlock with less than a minute remaining. He retired following Essendon's 10-point semi-final defeat to Geelong at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.

In 2005, there was talk of a comeback, with Mercuri contemplating nominating for the pre-season draft. This never eventuated.

In 2006 he played for Airport West in the Essendon District Football League.

Playing statistics

! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1992 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1994 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1995 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1996 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1997 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1998 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1999 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2001 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2002 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2003 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2004 ! colspan=3| Career ! 207 ! 242 ! 158 ! 2192 ! 1678 ! 3870 ! 990 ! 345 ! 1.2 ! 0.8 ! 10.6 ! 8.1 ! 18.7 ! 4.8 ! 1.7
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 45 || 3 || 1 || 4 || 22 || 14 || 36 || 9 || 2 || 0.3 || 1.3 || 7.3 || 4.7 || 12.0 || 3.0 || 0.7
 * style="text-align:center;background:#afe6ba;"|1993†
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 20 || 25 || 10 || 251 || 197 || 448 || 106 || 44 || 1.3 || 0.5 || 12.6 || 9.9 || 22.4 || 5.3 || 2.2
 * - style="background:#eaeaea;"
 * - style="background:#eaeaea;"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 13 || 16 || 7 || 143 || 107 || 250 || 61 || 21 || 1.2 || 0.5 || 11.0 || 8.2 || 19.2 || 4.7 || 1.6
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 22 || 36 || 25 || 268 || 217 || 485 || 125 || 32 || 1.6 || 1.1 || 12.2 || 9.9 || 22.0 || 5.7 || 1.5
 * - style="background:#eaeaea;"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 21 || 37 || 25 || 244 || 200 || 444 || 115 || 32 || 1.8 || 1.2 || 11.6 || 9.5 || 21.1 || 5.5 || 1.5
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 11 || 12 || 10 || 136 || 66 || 202 || 47 || 15 || 1.1 || 0.9 || 12.4 || 6.0 || 18.4 || 4.3 || 1.4
 * - style="background:#eaeaea;"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 20 || 24 || 14 || 224 || 141 || 365 || 112 || 27 || 1.2 || 0.7 || 11.2 || 7.1 || 18.3 || 5.6 || 1.4
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 21 || 32 || 19 || 256 || 200 || 456 || 103 || 31 || 1.5 || 0.9 || 12.2 || 9.5 || 21.7 || 4.9 || 1.5
 * - style="background:#eaeaea;"
 * style="text-align:center;background:#afe6ba;"|2000†
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 20 || 32 || 19 || 208 || 152 || 360 || 92 || 33 || 1.6 || 1.0 || 10.4 || 7.6 || 18.0 || 4.6 || 1.7
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 20 || 10 || 10 || 164 || 153 || 317 || 70 || 34 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 8.2 || 7.7 || 15.9 || 3.5 || 1.7
 * - style="background:#eaeaea;"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 11 || 7 || 9 || 101 || 93 || 194 || 50 || 21 || 0.6 || 0.8 || 9.2 || 8.5 || 17.6 || 4.5 || 1.9
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 16 || 7 || 6 || 126 || 99 || 225 || 74 || 32 || 0.4 || 0.4 || 7.9 || 6.2 || 14.1 || 4.6 || 2.0
 * - style="background:#eaeaea;"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 2 || 9 || 3 || 0 || 49 || 39 || 88 || 26 || 21 || 0.3 || 0.0 || 6.5 || 4.3 || 9.8 || 2.9 || 2.3
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * }

title: Mark Mercuri


text:
Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya, Coimbatore

Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya, Coimbatore is a group of educational institutions with 19 wings offering courses from pre-school to doctoral levels. The Vidyalaya was established in 1930 in the suburbs of Coimbatore, India, and affiliated to Ramakrishna Mission in 1934. Ramakrishna Mission's official General Reports start giving reports of its activities from 1936.

The Vidyalaya strives to infuse the educational and spiritual ideas of Sri Ramakrishna and Swami Vivekananda into the daily lives of its students. Values such as self-reliance, self-control, patriotism and dedication to duty are taught in practical ways. A band of monks and brahmacharis of the Ramakrishna Order manage the activities of the Vidyalaya assisted by teaching and non-teaching staff.

History
Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya was founded by Sri Avinashilingan chettiyar in 1930 with an investment of Rs. 5.75 and with one Harijan boy on its roll. While studying in college, Sri pani, awoke in him the vision for his future mission in the field of education. Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation, laid the foundation stone of the Vidyalaya in 1934 and wished that the students of the Vidyalaya would be intensely patriotic followers of truth. The Vidyalaya was affiliated to Ramakrishna Mission in the same year.

Campus
Vidyalaya is located 19 km from the city of Coimbatore on the main road to Ooty. The campus is spread over nearly 300 acres of wooded land. It is home to hundreds of bird species, including peacocks.

Colleges

 * Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science
 * Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya Maruthi College of Physical Education
 * Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Education

Schools

 * Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya High School
 * Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya Swami Shivananda Higher Secondary School
 * Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya TAT Kalanilayam Middle School

Other Institutions

 * Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya Polytechnic College
 * Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya Gandhi Teacher Training Institute
 * Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya Industrial Training Institute
 * Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya Agriculture Institute
 * Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya IT Academy

Social services
The Swami Akhandananda Rural Development Scheme started in 2002. Under this scheme, Arivoli Nagar and other rural areas are provided with tuitions and medical services.

Notable events
Apart from technical seminars and workshops, Vidyalaya is known for the following events:

Guru Puja
Guru puja, the public celebration of the birthday of Bhagavan Sri Ramakrishna, is the most important cultural activity of Vidyalaya and is celebrated every year on the first Sunday of January. The day-long celebration includes bhajans, talks by personalities, drama, educational exhibition, music and cultural programmes. The highlight of the function is Maheswara Puja in which around 40,000 people are given a sumptuous feast.

Youth Convention
Started in 2009, Youth Convention is a three-day annual event to inspire youth. The event, conducted in the first week of December, includes inspirational speeches, presentations, meditation, yoga, sports and cultural programmes.

Play Festival
Play Festival is an annual event, in which about 4000 students from some 45 primary schools perform physical, yogic and calisthenic exercises to the rhythm of devotional and nationalistic songs. Generally conducted in February.

Kalaimagal Vizha
Kalaimagal Vizha is a three-day event focussed on literature, music and drama. Celebrated every year in the month of September/October before Vijaya Dasami.


text:
User talk:NovusOrdoSecolorum

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title: User talk:NovusOrdoSecolorum


text:
Talk:Lolly (singer)

[Untitled]
Any objections to having this page redirrect to the Confectionery page? It seems like MOST phagz would be expecting the confectionery, as opposed to an article on Anna Kumble (only gets 650 google hits).--Brendanfox 12:57, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Agreed Jmount 18:04, 19 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Agree DWaterson 19:33, 25 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Agree --Kurt Shaped Box 22:47, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

Is there any proof of her comming back???
I've heard rumours that she is planned to come back to the music industry, but I don't know if this is true or not plz can you tell me if it is!!! Thanks, Jonni 08:24, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

 * God, I hope not !

 * Derek R Bullamore (talk) 19:59, 14 February 2009 (UTC)

Lolly Gold
I've also Heard that there's going to be a new album out called Lolly gold it's all her greatest hits!!! Is there any proof that this nis going to happen??? Jonni 18:49, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

 * God, I hope not ! (Sorry, I've already done that one).

 * Derek R Bullamore (talk) 19:59, 14 February 2009 (UTC)

Lolly Loses a leg due to steam roller incident
I can notfind anything about this on the internet and I believe if it was true then there will be some sort of reference, I'll give it about 3 weeks for someone to find a reference for it, if there is non I'll take it off Jonni Boi 15:40, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

LOVE YOU STANGER —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.21.215.13 (talk) 18:38, 16 December 2010 (UTC)

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User:Deanos/HEIFER

you found it. well done. please sign your name below (~) and proceed to the next page. (hint: initially, there actually was no next page)

title: User:Deanos/HEIFER