text:
Protest the Hero

Protest the Hero is a Canadian progressive metal band from Whitby, Ontario. Originally named Happy Go Lucky, the band changed their name to Protest the Hero, then released their debut EP, Search for the Truth, in 2002. In 2005, the band released their first album Kezia on Canadian indie label Underground Operations.

On January 23, 2006, the band signed with Vagrant Records for Kezia's American release on April 4, 2006. Their second album, Fortress was released by Underground Operations in Canada and by Vagrant Records worldwide on January 29, 2008. The band released their third studio album, Scurrilous, on March 22, 2011.

Expressing frustrations with record labels, in January of 2013 the band announced that they would crowdfund their fourth album. The Indiegogo campaign was a runaway success, and the independently-released Volition debuted on October 29, 2013, distributed with the help of Razor & Tie. In October of 2015, the band announced that their next release would take the form of an EP, distributed via subscription service Bandcamp, entitled Pacific Myth.

The band started the production process of their fifth studio album in January 2018. The process was delayed due to issues with vocalist Walker's voice, which arose during the Fortress X Tour in June 2018. The album, titled Palimpsest, would release two years later on June 18, 2020.

Early years (1999–2003)
The band started as Happy Go Lucky in 1999 and, shortly after, they recorded their first demo. In 2001 they changed their name to Protest the Hero. They released their first EP, Search for the Truth 7" vinyl, which included only two songs. They were included in the compilation (Coles) Notes from the Underground that same year. Luke Hoskin stated on his Formspring page that Search for the Truth was recorded when they were 13 years old. The day that the band members finished their senior finals, they went on a three-week "Rock the Vote" tour from Toronto to Halifax to garner recognition and raise awareness for the upcoming Canadian election.

A Calculated Use of Sound and Kezia (2003–2006)
A music video for their song "These Colours Don't Run", from the EP A Calculated Use of Sound, was released in 2003. The video begins with the band discussing the meaning of the song and features the band playing the song live at numerous locations in Toronto, with the album music dubbed over the actual live recording. At each location, the band would hand out lyrics to passers-by and encourage them to listen or sing along. In 2004 the band recorded their debut album, which released the following year. Kezia is a concept album, described by the band members as a "situationist requiem". The album achieved universal acclaim with many reviewers praising the album for its technicality and Walker's vocal range.

From September 2005 until the beginning of June, 2006, the band toured across Canada, the United States, and Great Britain in support of Kezia with bands such as Death by Stereo, Bad Religion, Anti-Flag, The Fall of Troy, The Bled, and DragonForce. They then took part in the Vans Warped Tour during the Summer of 2006. Following this, they toured with Avenged Sevenfold and 3 Inches of Blood until October 2006 when they began "The " tour with Trivium, The Sword, and Cellador, taking them across Canada and the United States. In September 2006, guitarist Luke Hoskin was detained at the Vancouver–US border for possessing a bag with less than 0.2 grams of marijuana, preventing him from continuing on their tour with Trivium and The Sword. In his place the band recruited Marco Bressette from the Canadian rock band Hypodust from September until November 2006. In November 2006, Protest the Hero toured with bands Bullet for My Valentine and As I Lay Dying. Beginning in the middle of December 2006, they embarked on a cross-Canada tour, named Bring Out Your Shred, with I Hate Sally and The Human Abstract. This tour was the first in which Kezia was played in its entirety.

Fortress (2006–2010)
In late May-early June they co-headlined the Tour and Loathing 2007 Tour with co-headliners All That Remains, Blessthefall, Threat Signal and The Holly Springs Disaster. After extensive touring the band returned to the studio in 2007 to record their sophomore effort. The resulting album featured 10 tracks that showcased the band heading in a more technical metal style than Kezia. During the Fortress tour the band released a live album (Gallop Meets the Earth) featuring tracks from their first 2 albums. Protest the Hero played Fortress from start to finish at their shows from November 20 to December 23, 2009. This stretch marked the last of the band's shows for a while as they took the first part of 2010 to work on a new album, which was to feature a more progressive sound.

In January 2009, Protest the Hero toured with As I Lay Dying, The Human Abstract, and Mychildren Mybride. Then they started a European Tour with The Human Abstract and The Chariot. In April 2009, they headlined the Heads Will Roll tour in the US with Misery Signals, The Number Twelve Looks Like You, Fall From Grace, and Scale the Summit. From September 8–17, 2009, they supported In Flames and Killswitch Engage with Between the Buried and Me. On November 21, 2009, at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, the band performed their album Fortress in its entirety for the first time. On November 26, 2009, they played in Halifax and on the 27th in Newfoundland, the only two eastern Canada tour dates for the year. Before the release of Scurrilous, Protest the Hero toured Europe in February as direct support for The Darkest Hour. Born of Osiris and Purified in Blood were the other opening acts on the tour. Protest the Hero was the third band announced to be playing at Australia's Soundwave in February/March 2011, and in March and April of that year the band supported the Scurrilous album, headlining a tour across Canada and the United States with Maylene & The Sons Of Disaster and TesseracT.

Scurrilous (2010–2013)
On January 28, 2008, the band began a tour through Canada with A Day to Remember, Silverstein, The Devil Wears Prada, and illScarlett. In April they toured with Chiodos before joining Warped Tour 2008. They were on tour with The Acacia Strain, Whitechapel, and Gwen Stacy after Warped Tour in the United States; and then will be on a European tour with, Parkway Drive, Despised Icon, Architects, Whitechapel, and Carnifex. The band officially began recording of their third album on August 30, 2010. On December 15, 2010, Walker posted a video indicating the completion of work on the third album. Scurrilous was released March 22, 2011. Following the summer of 2011, where Protest the Hero played festivals across Europe, they embarked on a small Ontario tour in September with support from The Kindred (formerly known as Today I Caught the Plague). Protest the Hero then ended 2011 and kicked off 2012 with a tour across America with Scale the Summit and Last Chance to Reason. Protest the Hero continued their efforts to promote Scurrilous and have commenced a 2012 UK Tour that features support from German post-metal band, Long Distance Calling, Norwegian punk band Blood Command and Uneven Structure. They announced tours with Periphery, Today I Caught the Plague, Jeff Loomis (formerly of Nevermore) and The Safety Fire for the US. Another tour is scheduled with metalcore band Underoath, We Came as Romans and Close Your Eyes commencing in May in South America. On August 27, 2013, the band announced a fall North American tour, along with Architects, The Kindred and Affiance, promoting their album Volition commencing in Ottawa on November 7, 2013.

Volition and line-up changes (2013–2015)
On January 8, 2013, Protest the Hero released the following statement on their Facebook page in regards to their upcoming album in the summer of 2013: "We have some big announcements coming next week concerning our new album – which is a few songs away from being written. We plan on recording in March or April and have a new album out in the summer. We have been recording pre-production with our old friends Cam and Anthony. The material is more challenging than ever before and we know we'll have to work hard to bring it to life. Looking very forward to a bold 2013!"

On January 15, 2013, Protest the Hero announced that their fourth studio album would be crowdfunded through Indiegogo. The band claimed that they want to forgo record companies and that they have "finally decided to take matters into [their] own hands." The album had a fundraising goal of $125,000, a goal that was reached within 30 hours. By the end of their campaign, the band reached $341,146 in fundraising, nearly tripling their original goal.

On June 6, 2013, the band announced in an interview that original drummer and founding member Moe Carlson would part ways with Protest the Hero in order to pursue an education and career in tool and die manufacturing. Chris Adler of Lamb of God would be stepping in as his replacement for the recording sessions of the band's new album. On August 15, the official title and release date of the album were announced: Volition to be released on October 29, 2013. On October 10, 2013, Protest the Hero announced that Mike Ieradi, formerly of The Kindred, will be their new drummer. On the evening of March 30, 2014, during a show in Raleigh, North Carolina, Rody Walker confirmed that bassist Arif Mirabdolbaghi had left the band. On April 2, 2014, the band announced that Mirabdolbaghi had left the band to focus on other projects. The band's producer Cameron McLellan, who had also performed on several songs on Volition, was announced as the touring bassist and has since remained with the band as an unofficial member.

Pacific Myth (2015–2017)
On October 15, 2015, the band announced that their next release would not be a conventional album, but would instead be a subscription-based release of six tracks through the online music service Bandcamp. Each of the songs, including artwork, instrumental versions, and high-quality downloads, were released through Bandcamp once per month to paid subscribers until March 2016, forming an eventual EP entitled Pacific Myth. The first track, "Ragged Tooth," was released to subscribers on the same day.

In August 2015, it was announced that Protest the Hero would embark on a Canadian tour for the 10-year anniversary of their debut album Kezia, featuring the band's original line-up playing the album in its entirety. In January 2017, the band embarked on a North American tour as direct support for August Burns Red with In Hearts Wake and '68 (band). In September 2017, the band played a 5-show Canadian tour called And The Quest For More Treats... with support from Red Handed Denial, The Frame Defect, and Earth's Yellow Sun. On October 6, 2016, Protest the Hero released a limited run of Pacific Myth in its entirety on vinyl, allowing members of the subscription service to pre-order the EP. The EP was released to the public on November 18, 2016. The fourth track, Cataract, features guest vocals by a friend of the band and lead vocalist of Mandroid Echostar, Michael Ciccia.

Palimpsest (2017–present)
On June 6, 2018, the band announced that they were forced to cancel their upcoming summer tour in Europe and Japan, and postpone the recording of their next studio album, due to Rody Walker developing "vocal issues" that might develop into "irreparable damage" if not taken care of.

A new single titled "The Canary" was released on April 16, 2020, on streaming sites. On the same day, the album's title, Palimpsest, along with the track listing and its release date set for June 19 was announced. Along with the 10 tracks that are listed for most editions, two bonus tracks called "Gift Horse" and "The Dueling Cavalier" exist that are included in a special vinyl bundle. The second single, "From the Sky", was released on May 14, 2020. The band modified the release date of the album from June 19 to June 18, 2020, in observance of Juneteenth, and the album was released to pre-order subscribers a day earlier on June 17, 2020.

Awards
In 2004, the band won the Canadian Independent Music Award for Favourite Metal Artist/Group, beating out the better-known Alexisonfire. They were nominated for the 2006 Canadian Music Week Indie Awards' Favourite Metal Artist/Group, which Kataklysm won in March of that year. Also in 2006, the band was nominated for the CASBY Award. In addition, members of the band appeared in a televised commercial for the musical instrument store, Long & Mcquade. Bassist Arif was also featured in the Closet Monster music video "Mamma Anti-Facisto (Never Surrender)"; he can be seen to the left of London Spicoluk during the main group scenes.

The band has also released videos for the songs "The Divine Suicide of K.", "Blindfolds Aside", and "Heretics and Killers" from Kezia, and for "Bloodmeat", "Palms Read", "Spoils", "Sequoia Throne" and "Limb from Limb" from Fortress. The video for "Heretics and Killers" received airplay on MTV2 and FUSE, partially because of the interesting premise of the video: the band play the flying monkeys from The Wizard of Oz who work odd jobs after The Wicked Witch is killed. At the 2009 Golden God Awards, Protest the Hero won best Viral Video. The video features Rody, Luke, and Tim doing a dance on the side of a road when their van broke down.

The band won the 2014 Juno Award for Metal/Hard Music Album of the Year for the album Volition.

Band members

 * Current members
 * Rody Walker – lead vocals (2001–present)
 * Tim MacMillar – rhythm guitar, piano, backing vocals (2001–present)

 * Current session musicians
 * Cam McLellan – bass, production (2013–2014, 2017–present, session; 2014–2015, 2015–2017, touring)
 * Luke Hoskin – lead guitar, piano, backing vocals (2021–present; 2001–2021 full-time member)

 * Current touring musicians
 * Henry "Hank" Selva – bass (2021–present)
 * Ben Davis – lead guitar, backing vocals (2021–present)
 * Matt Huber-Kidby – drums (2023–present)

 * Former members
 * Moe Carlson – drums (2001–2013; 2015, touring)
 * Arif Mirabdolbaghi – bass, backing vocals (2001–2014; 2015, touring)
 * Mike Ieradi – drums (2013–2022)

 * Former session and touring musicians
 * Jadea Kelly – vocals (2004–2013)
 * Chris Adler – drums (2013)
 * Eric Gonsalves – bass (2017–2021)

Extended plays

 * 2-Track Demo (2002, Self-released as Happy Go Lucky)
 * Search for the Truth (2002, Underground Operations)
 * A Calculated Use of Sound (2003, Underground Operations)
 * Sequoia Throne Remix EP (2008, Underground Operations)
 * Pacific Myth (2015–2016, Independent, serial subscription released via Bandcamp)
 * Fabula & Syuzhet (2020, Independent)

Compilation appearances

 * (Coles) Notes from the Underground (2002) ("Break the Chain" and "Asperity of Sin")
 * Greetings from the Underground (2004) ("Soft Targets Dig Softer Graves")
 * Things Could Be Worse (2004) ("Break the Chain")
 * Orange and Grey (2005, DVD) ("Silent Genocide," "These Colours Don't Run," "Red Stars Over the Battle of the Cowshed" and "Loathing In Laramie")
 * The Power of Music (2005) ("An Apathetic New World")
 * Warped Tour 2006 Compilation (2006) ("Heretics and Killers")

title: Protest the Hero


text:
Fred Cherry

Fred Cherry (15 April 1926 – 30 July 2003) was an American activist for greater rights for janes and johns (clients of prostitutes). He gained some measure of fame as self-styled "elector of homophobia" in his fight against (in his own words) "the Organized Homosexual Conspiracy of America", who he said opposed his own fight to get his freedom to patronize prostitutes recognized as being a matter of civil rights. Cherry headed the New York group Johns and Call Girls United Against Repression.

Activism
Cherry first began seeing sex workers in 1956 and started his campaign against New York State's anti-prostitution laws in 1962.

In the summer of 1964 he joined the New York City League for Sexual Freedom protesting against the anti-prostitution outside the New York Women's House of Detention in Greenwich Village. After the publicity surrounding the protest, many members of the Mattachine Society (a gay rights organisation) joined the League for Sexual Freedom. Under their influence the policies changed, and the league became an anti-prostitution organisation. This development caused Cherry to become anti-gay. He is reported to have said "If those homosexuals had not taken over the League for Sexual Freedom, the League might have achieved the decriminalization of prostitution."

Cherry had a severe disability and claimed because of this he relied solely on prostitutes for sex. In 1985, Cherry, and Margo St. James, filed a lawsuit against Ed Koch, then mayor of New York City, district attorney Elizabeth Holtzman and Police commissioner Benjamin Ward, seeking to overturn New York's laws banning prostitution on the grounds that Cherry's disability would make it impossible for him to find sexual companionship other than prostitutes, thereby violating the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The lawsuit was dismissed.

Cherry provided funding for the incorporation of the International Sex Worker Foundation for Art, Culture and Education (ISWFACE) and its daily running costs.

Mathematics
Cherry helped make mathematical history when he published, in collaboration with such distinguished combinatorialists as E.T. Parker and Walter Wallis, a construction of orthogonal pairs of doubly diagonal Latin squares of order 10, thus completing the proof that such pairs exist for all orders other than 2,3 and 6. In his words: "this accomplishment gave me a tremendous boost in my self-esteem. Before I had done this, I used to think of myself as a rich bum. Now, I can truly call myself a mathematician, even though I only have a bachelor's degree in mathematics."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fred Cherry


text:
Talk:Agenor Gołuchowski

Problems with articles
Both of these articles talk about the same person (the son). The one that says Agenor Goluchowsi (father) should be about the father (whose dates are 1812-1875). The son's article (which is currently listed under the father's name) needs to be merged with Agenor Maria G., and a separate article written about the father. User:FeanorStar7
 * Fixed 12 Oct. 2005 User:FeanorStar7

title: Talk:Agenor Gołuchowski


text:
Pascual de Andagoya

Pascual de Andagoya (1495–1548) was a Spanish Basque conquistador. He was born in the village of Andagoya, in the valley of Cuartango (Álava), in Spain.

As often happened at the time, Andagoya left as an explorer of the New World at a very young age of 19, on April 11, 1514, under the command of Pedro Arias de Ávila. The expedition left carrying an army of over 2,000 in 22 ships, with the objective of colonizing Central America.

The career of Andagoya commenced in Panama, whose capital Panama City he founded in 1519 with 400 settlers. Later he moved south towards the Colombian coast, until he reached San Juan, where he took charge as governor.

This was when he learned of the existence of the Inca Empire, in the distant territory called "Birú", or "Pirú". In 1522 he attempted a conquest, but it ended in failure.

With his health deteriorating, he returned to Panama and spread word of his discoveries, in particular the existence of a land of enormous riches of gold and silver, namely, Peru. In 1524 Francisco Pizarro, in association with the soldier Diego de Almagro and the priest Hernando de Luque, mounted an expedition using Andagoya's ships.

Andagoya was rewarded in 1539 by Carlos I with the post of Representative of the Indians, which he performed with brutal zeal. In 1540 he proclaimed himself governor of Popayán, which he held until 1542, when the legitimate governor Sebastián de Belalcázar relieved him under pressure. Andagoya died in Cuzco on July 18, 1548.

Works

 * Narrative of the Proceedings of Pedrarias Davila

title: Pascual de Andagoya


text:
User:MarkBruns

Engineer, economist, farmer

title: User:MarkBruns


text:
User:B1oody8romance7

my age, name, sex, etc. will never be known to anyone on this website. they are only important for the least important things in life anyway. but what you do get to know is this.

-i hail from Miami Florida (three ohh five, BABY!) -my favorite band is My Chemical Romance -i once filled up a latex glove with water and it got so big that it was the size of a standard pillow. -i have 429 friends on Myspace, ive met every single one of them except for 18 bands, but i only talk to maybe thirty or less of them regularly -i suffer from a god complex. -getting up early SUCKS. -helena -i am a walking contradiction -my iPod is my life -i need a new cell phone

title: User:B1oody8romance7


text:
Mou Zongsan

Mou Zongsan (1909–1995) was a Chinese philosopher and translator. He was born in Shandong province and graduated from Peking University. In 1949 he moved to Taiwan, and later Hong Kong, remaining outside of mainland China for the rest of his life. His thought was heavily influenced by Immanuel Kant, whose three Critiques he translated from English, possibly first, into Chinese, and above all by Tiantai Buddhist philosophy.

Over the last 40 years of his life, Mou wrote histories of "Neo-Daoist," Confucian, and Buddhist philosophy (totaling six volumes) a group of constructive philosophic treatises, culminating in his 1985 work, On the Summum Bonum, in which he attempts to rectify the problems in Kant's system through a Confucian-based philosophy reworked with a set of concepts appropriated from Tiantai Buddhism.

In the People's Republic of China, Mou is especially famous for his cultural traditionalism and his defense of democracy as a traditional Chinese value.

Biography
Mou Zongsan was born into the family of an innkeeper in Qixia, Shandong. He went to Peking University for college prep (1927) and undergraduate courses (1929). During that time he became a follower of Xiong Shili, author of the New Treatise on Consciousness-only and soon to be the most eminent philosopher in China until supplanted by Mou himself. After graduating in 1933, Mou moved around the country working as a secondary school teacher and a faculty member at different universities. In 1949 he followed the Nationalist government to Taiwan. His student at Tunghai University was Tu Weiming. In 1960 he moved to Hong Kong and eventually took up a post at New Asia College in Hong Kong (now part of the Chinese University of Hong Kong) and helped found New Asia Middle School. During the last two decades of his life Mou was something of an intellectual celebrity. He lectured frequently on Confucian, Buddhist, Daoist, and Kantian philosophy at Hong Kong University, National Taiwan Normal University, and National Taiwan University. He died in Taipei in 1995, leaving dozens of disciples in top academic jobs in Taiwan and Hong Kong.

Works
Mou's complete works contains more than 30 volumes written over about 60 years. In religious studies and philosophy programs, attention is paid mostly to his production in his last 30 years. These can be divided into histories of Chinese philosophy and philosophic treatises.

Histories of philosophy
Physical Nature and Speculative Reason 才性與玄理 (1963). This is Mou's main treatise on "Neo-Daoism" or xuanxue 玄學. It is an analysis of intellectual developments of the Wei-Jin dynasties (220-420 AD), said to set the agenda for much of later Chinese philosophy and anticipate the developments in Buddhist philosophy later understood by Mou as a pattern underlying the main line of Song-Ming Confucianism.

Substance of Mind and Substance of Human Nature 心體與性體 (1968–1969). This is probably the most studied of Mou's books, and by far the most famous in the West. It is a three volume history of Confucianism in the Song (960-1279) and Ming (1368-1644) dynasties, often called "Neo-Confucianism" in the West. It challenges usual two-part division of Neo-Confucian thought into a "school of principle" (lixue 理學), the Cheng-Zhu school represented by Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao, and Zhu Xi, and a "school of mind" (xinxue 心學) or xinxue represented by Lu Xiangshan and Wang Yangming. Mou identifies a third lineage, whose main figures are Hu Hong (Hu Wufeng) and Liu Zongzhou (Liu Jishan), which best conveys the basic message of the classical sage Mencius. Mou's later book From Lu Xiangshan to Liu Jishan (從陸象山到劉蕺山) (1979) is treated as the fourth volume of this book.

Buddha-Nature and Prajna 佛性與般若 (1977). This is Mou's main examination of Buddhist philosophy, written in two volumes. It upends usual Chinese recognition of Huayan school as most well-developed form of Buddhism and puts the Tiantai school in first place. Mou credits Tiantai with having the best concepts for understanding the authoritative Hong-Liu line of Confucianism.

Philosophical treatises
Intellectual Intuition and Chinese Philosophy 智的直覺與中國哲學 (1971). In this treatise, Mou applies the Kantian idea of 'intellectual intuition' to Chinese philosophy, which he believes affirms the idea that human beings can have such awareness. He expresses strong interest in the utility of Buddhist philosophy for Confucian purposes. This book is often thought of as an early version of Phenomenon and Thing-in-Itself.

Phenomenon and Thing-in-Itself 現象與物自身 (1975). This develops Mou's famous doctrine of "two-level ontology," patterned off of Kantian and Buddhist metaphysics.

Treatise on Summum Bonum (圓善論) (1985). This is Mou's last major work. Mou did not intend it as his final book, but scholars generally treat it as the definitive summary of his thinking. It attempts to use Tiantai ontological concepts as inspiration to find Confucian solution to Kant's problem of the highest good or summum bonum. It includes a chapter with Mou's commentary on Mencius and a more complete evaluation of the place of Daoist and Buddhist philosophy for the modern Confucian.

Mou and Kant
Following his teacher Xiong Shili, Mou Zongsan sought to articulate and justify a moral metaphysics. A moral metaphysics asserts the interconnectedness of ontology and morality, implying the moral value of all objects including the self. Mou's philosophy attempts to demonstrate the limits of Kant, suggesting instead the ways in which Chinese thought may surpass Kantian morality. Several of Mou's titles directly reveal his engagement with Kant – Intellectual Intuition and Chinese Philosophy, Phenomenon and Thing-in-Itself, and Treatise of the Perfect Good – a commitment that is reflected in Mou's decision to express his philosophy in Kantian terms. For example, Mou's philosophy inherits the Kantian concepts of autonomy, intellectual intuition, and Thing-in-Itself, although Confucianism inspires Mou to transform these concepts. The reason behind this decision to use Kantian terms remains unknown, but some scholars argue that Mou's use of certain terminologies aims to facilitate a dialogue between the East and West, pointing to Mou's comparison of Mencius and Kant, whereby he demonstrates the compatibility of Chinese and Western philosophies.

Mou's philosophy develops as a critique and transformation of Kant's critical philosophy. Mou believes in the compatibility of Chinese thought and Kantian philosophy because both are backed by the Way, where the Way is essentially truth and different philosophies manifest different aspects it. Mou's analysis of Kant centers on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. One of Mou's major criticisms of Kant involves Kant's regard for free will as theoretical. Herein lies one of Mou's fundamental beliefs, that morality and the moral life are, contrary to what Kant posits, really real. This presumption stems from Mou's belief in the metaphysical necessity of the capability of improving one's moral praxis, and thus Mou develops a moral metaphysics within the tenet of subjectivism. While Kant believes that intellectual intuition is only possible for God, Mou ascribes human beings equal capability of this intuition, which Mou finds superior to Heidegger’s fundamental ontology. Mou rejects Heidegger because according to Kant, true metaphysics is transcendent. Mou further departs from Kant’s philosophy, eventually transforming it into what is commonly referred to as New Confucianism or Mind Confucianism.

Mou's relation to Heidegger
Mou Zongsan’s interest in Heidegger’s philosophy arises from his critique and transformation of Kant's philosophy. Mou's interpretation of Kant is greatly influenced by Heidegger’s elaboration of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason in his books Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics (Kantbuch) and Introduction to Metaphysics. Under the influence of Heidegger’s philosophy, Mou change his interpretation of Kant’s first critique from an epistemological approach to an ontological approach. In his treatise Intellectual Intuition and Chinese Philosophy (zhi de zhexue yu zhongguo zhexue) 智的直覺與中國哲學 (1971), Mou not only wrote his reflection on Heidegger’s philosophy (and translated two chapters from Being and Time), but also criticized Heidegger’s fundamental ontology with his moral metaphysics. Actually, Mou may get influence from Heidegger even in his early major work Substance of Mind and Substance of Human Nature (xinti yu xingti) 心體與性體 (1968–1969). Mou’s argument of the “Three modes” of Neo-Confucianism may be inspired by Heidegger's “Three ontological difference”, which was introduced to Mou from Max Müller’s works.

Mou Zongsan agrees to a certain extent with Heidegger’s interpretation of Kant. Mou introduces a two-layer structure of understanding of the transcendental determination of the Kantian categories: a “logical” layer of understanding and an “ontological” layer of understanding. Mou believes the Kantian thesis that “objectivity is subjectivity” is not an “ontical proposition” but rather an “ontological proposition”. He agrees with Heidegger's analysis of Transcendental Schematism, which indicates that the meaning of objectification presupposes a subjective horizon that enables the object to appear. Mou names the ontology of the phenomenal world as “attached ontology” (zhi de cunyoulun). Mou rejects Kant's declaration that human beings are incapable of producing any intuitive knowledge of thing-in-itself. He embraces Heidegger's affirmation of the “subjective” character of the Kantian transcendental distinction, which he learns from Kantbuch:

"The distinction between the concept of thing in itself and that of appearance is not objective but merely subjective.The thing in itself is not another but another aspect (respectus) of the representation with regard to the same object."

Mou's critique
In general, Mou holds a critical attitude towards Heidegger's fundamental ontology in his treatise Intellectual Intuition and Chinese Philosophy:

"Heidegger’s descriptions could let us think of a disclosure of a “true mind” (zhen xin) for instance when he speaks about “call of consciousness”(Ruf, liangxin de huhuan), feeling of guilt ( jiuze zhi gan), dread (Sorge, jiaolü), determined being (Entschlossenheit, jueduan) or nothingness (Nichtigkeit, xuwu). Nevertheless, all these descriptions are still “floating” and he has not been able to pave the way for a “true mind.”"

According to Mou, Heidegger's descriptions are “floating” because Heidegger's thought does not recognize any transcendental reality (chaoyue de shiti) but focus on the immanent metaphysics (neizai xingershangxue) to develop his fundamental ontology. “True metaphysics” is “transcendent.” In the eyes of Mou Zongsan, since the immanent metaphysics merely focuses on the problem of the meaning of phenomenal beings, it fails to deal with Kant's transcendental concepts of freedom, immortality, and God. Mou also thinks Heidegger's philosophy is too heroic and romantic and thereby fails to maintain an inherent calmness to approach to “true mind.” Besides, Mou disagrees with Heidegger's “value-free,” and in particular, “morally-neutral” approach. The lack of moral awareness indicates that Heidegger's fundamental ontology does not reach the realm of moral metaphysics, but merely offers an empty and inauthentic answer to the subject.

In short, Mou considers Heidegger only as a “commentator” or “usurper” of Kant. According to Mou, the reason why Heidegger's fundamental ontology fails to reach the realm of moral metaphysics is that Heidegger sticks to the Kantian thesis of the finitude of human being and fails to recognize the intellectual intuition (zhi de zhijue) of human beings. Mou claims that although the study of Kant's philosophy helps him understand the relation between phenomenal world and metaphysical ontology, it is his teacher Xiong Shili who makes him realize the fundamental union of the two via the intellectual intuition. The idea of intellectual intuition is widely manifested in Confucianism, Neo-Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism, especially in the thought of Wang Yangming, who assimilates moral learning with the course of action such as archery and calligraphy. According to Mou, intellectual intuition is not the central concept of a highly complex speculative system, but a form of knowledge acquired through our deeds (including emotions and intentions).

Mou's "misplacement"
Some scholars argue that Mou Zongsan's critique of Heidegger's fundamental ontology actually “misplaces (wuzhi)” Heidegger's transcendental metaphysics. It turns out that Mou may agree with Heidegger more than he believes. Heidegger's discussions of Being actually achieve a similar metaphysical level with Mou's discussions of transcendental concepts, such as God, freedom, ren or Dao. Instead of being “floating”, Heidegger's fundamental ontology finds its root in the “transcendent metaphysics” in Being. Far away from “a way of being” in immanent metaphysics, Heidegger's Being actually serves as an ontological basis for beings in phenomenal world. Moreover, in Heidegger's theory, the unveiledness of the Being of beings (“beings” encompass the phenomenal world) is inseparable from the practical and ethical reason. This echoes with Mous’ belief in unifying phenomenal world with metaphysical ontology through the intellectual intuition. They also share a similar interpretation of the “knowledge”. Mou believes moral learning can pave a way to moral metaphysics, while Heidegger also believes that we can open ourselves to the Being in our daily lives.

Mou's “misplacement” of Heidegger's transcendental metaphysics may arise from his misconception of Heidegger's Time (Zeit, shijian). Heidegger's concept of Time is different from the time as a priori knowledge for Kant, which is actually the temporality (Zeitlichkeit, shijian xing) of Dasein (the experience of being that is peculiar to human beings). Heidegger's Time serves not only as the fundamental character for Being, but also as the fundamental unveiledness of Being. Mou confuses Heidegger's Time (Zeit, shijian) with temporality (Zeitlichkeit, shijian xing) and thereby fails to see the transcendental nature in neither Time nor Being. The different understanding of the concept Time further causes Mou's disagreement with Heidegger's discussions of finitude of human beings. In fact, Heidegger's discussions of finitude are based on his interpretation of the temporality of Dasein. It is not the rejection of the transcendental ontology. Mou fails to recognize that Heidegger's Time represents the transcendental metaphysics that overcome the normal sense of time in phenomenal world. This failure limits Mou's understanding of Heidegger's philosophy only as the immanent metaphysics that stick to the attached (phenomenal) ontology.

Mou's moral metaphysics
Moral metaphysical systems have been proposed prior to Mou, most notably in the Platonic Form of the Good and the Confucian concept of dao. In one sense, Mou's philosophy attempts to reconcile these systems. Concurrently, Mou's philosophy was influenced by Yogacara Buddhism, which believes that no objectivity is possible aside from subjectivity. Mou's beliefs regarding the relationship between philosophy and culture and his view of the future of humanity dictate his construction of a philosophy that argues for the necessity to develop “Confucian Modernity”. Akin to his view of intellectual intuition, Mou constructs a vertical philosophical system that emphasizes the relation between the subject and an ontological objective, as opposed to a horizontal system where one's relationship to the world functions through the subject-object dichotomy. Mou's ontological ultimate is benti, or ultimate reality. Mou's moral metaphysics, which includes the natural and ethical universe, attempts to validate morality through the notion of tiandao, the principle of the natural universe, which, for Mou, equates to the moral principle. Further, Mou believes that one's uncomfortable reaction to crime and degeneracy indicates the presence of moral consciousness, which Mou signifies as the inner essence of human beings. This belief, that the infinite within benti similarly exists within human beings, known as the doctrine of infinite mind, can be compared with Heidegger's acceptance of being-with-others as a feature of Dasein, Wittgenstein’s rejection of a private language, and Husserl’s discussion of the immediacy of our recognition of others and their mental states within the lived world.

Subsequently, Mou uses 良知 (liangzhi, or good consciousness) and 智的直觉 (zhi de zhijue, or intellectual intuition) to identify the substance in his system. Again, Mou chooses to translate his philosophy in Kantian terminology. Here, liangzhi refers to the foundation or essence of morality. Within Confucianism liangzhi also means the essence of human beings, explaining why Mou writes that, “the substance of human being is one and the same as that of the world, the world of value, but not the world of reality.” For Mou, this substance is independent of social background. This idea reflects the human nature proposed by Mencius through the example of the apparent, innate reaction of an individual to seeing a child sitting precariously on a well (The Four Beginnings). Here, Mou departs from traditional Confucianism by defining the essence of an individual in terms of modern individualism. Thus with regards to Mencius’ example, it is the very life of the child that evokes a reaction, and not the individual's relation to the child. Mou notes that the basic implications of this example – an individual's inherent benevolence – are consistent with the autonomy of a moral subject. This autonomy, the motivating force for morality according to Mou, exists within the transcendental and philosophical mind of the individual.

In accord with his notions of intellectual intuition, Mou is committed to the idea of moral transformation, whereby all individuals can transcend themselves to ultimately become sages. Mou borrows this conception of moral transformation from Confucianism, as well as the concept of summum bonum, in which there exists a connection between one's worthiness of happiness and the actual attainment of happiness.

Discussion and criticism of Mou’s philosophy
Several consequences arise from Mou's moral metaphysics. Some scholars view Mou as a defender of Zen Buddhism over other critical Buddhisms, pointing to Mou's morality, which, similar to Zen Buddhism, maintains that the possibility of enlightenment is more important than actually attaining it. Additionally, ascribing human beings intellectual intuition ultimately assigns humans moral responsibility. However, this allows individuals access to Kant's noumenon. According to Mou, intellectual intuition for human beings is the foundation of all of Chinese thought. In Phenomena and Noumena Mou Zongsan writes that, “if it is true that human beings cannot have intellectual intuition, then the whole of Chinese philosophy must collapse completely”. Despite the fact that this is Mou's claim, many scholars debate its validity, maintaining the legitimacy of Chinese philosophy and New Confucianism independent of intellectual intuition.

Some traditional Confucians reject Mou, citing his wholesale acceptance of Western liberty and democracy as problematic. Despite Mou's attempt at Confucian Modernity, critics claim that New Confucianism cannot handle modernity's interconnectedness and its inevitable negative consequences. Others argue that because Mou is not political, he should not even be considered a Confucian because much of Confucian doctrine advocates for the active pursuit of change. However, the limitations of speech in China during the time period when Mou philosophized may address this criticism.

Scholarship in English

 * Angle, Stephen C. “Sagehood: The Contemporary Significance of Neo-Confucian Philosophy.” New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
 * Asakura, Tomomi. “On Buddhistic Ontology: A Comparative Study of Mou Zongsan and Kyoto School Philosophy.” Philosophy East and West 61(4): 647–678.
 * Billioud, Sebastien. Thinking Through Confucian Modernity: A Study of Mou Zongsan's Moral Metaphysics. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2011.
 * Chan, N. Serina. The Thought of Mou Zongsan. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2011.
 * Chan, Wing-Cheuk. “Mou Zongsan’s Transformation of Kant’s Philosophy.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 33(1): 125–139.
 * Clower, Jason, "Mou Zongsan (Mou Tsung-san) ," Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
 * Clower, Jason T. The Unlikely Buddhologist: Tiantai Buddhism in the New Confucianism of Mou Zongsan. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2010.
 * Clower, Jason (ed.). Late Works of Mou Zongsan: Selected Essays on Chinese Philosophy. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2014.
 * Clower, Jason. "Chinese Ressentiment and Why New Confucians Stopped Caring about Yogācāra" in Transforming Consciousness: Yogacara Thought in Modern China, ed. John Makeham. New York: Oxford, 2014.
 * Kantor, Hans-Rudolf. "Ontological Indeterminacy and Its Soteriological Relevance: An Assessment of Mou Zongsan's (1909-1995) Interpretation of Zhiyi's (538-597) Tiantai Buddhism." Philosophy East and West 56(1): 16–68.
 * Lin Chen-kuo. "Dwelling in Nearness to the Gods: The Hermeneutical Turn from MOU Zongsan to TU Weiming." Dao 7: 381–392.
 * Lin Tongqi and Zhou Qin. "The Dynamism and Tension in the Anthropocosmic Vision of Mou Zongsan." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 22.
 * Liu, Shu-hsien. “Mou Tsung-san (Mou Zongsan)” in Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy, ed. A.S. Cua. New York: Routledge, 2003.
 * Rošker, Jana S. The Ideological Foundations of Taiwanese Modernity: Mou Zongsan's New Moral Philosophy. Asian and African Studies, ISSN 1408-5429, Vol. 15, Issue two https://revije.ff.uni-lj.si/as/article/viewFile/2882/2871
 * Rošker, Jana S. The Fusion of Modern Confucianism and Buddhism: Mou Zongsan's Journey from Double to Fundamental Ontology. Taiwan journal of East Asian studies, ISSN 1812-6243, 2016, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 57–76.
 * Rošker, Jana S.. The Rebirth of the Moral Self: the Second Generation of Modern Confucians and their Modernization Discourses. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, cop. 2016
 * Stephan Schmidt. “Mou Zongsan, Hegel, and Kant: The Quest for Confucian Modernity.” Philosophy East and West 61(2): 260–302.

Students

 * Cai Renhou 蔡仁厚
 * Dai Lianzhang 戴璉璋
 * Wang Bangxiong 王邦雄
 * Zeng Zhaoxu 曾昭旭
 * Lu Xuekun 盧雪崑
 * Huizhen You 尤惠貞
 * Chen Guimiao 陳癸淼

 * Wei Zhengtong 韋政通
 * He Shujing 何淑靜
 * Zhu Jianmin 朱建民
 * Fan Liangguang 范良光
 * Wang Caigui 王財貴
 * Lee Shui-chuen 李瑞全
 * Zhou Yangshan 周楊山

 * Yang Zuhan 楊祖漢
 * Yan Guoming 顏國明
 * Lin Yuehui 林月惠
 * Li Minghui 李明輝
 * Zhuang Yaolang 莊耀郎
 * Liu Jinxian 劉錦賢

 * Xie Daning 謝大寧
 * Lin Anwu 林安梧
 * Fan Kewei 樊克偉
 * Tu Weiming 杜維明
 * Wu Rujun (Ng Yu-kwan) 吳汝鈞
 * Chen Rongzhuo (Wing-cheuk Chan) 陳榮灼

title: Mou Zongsan


text:
User talk:Stan Shebs/archive 8

Naval Whistle Signal
Stan, it occured to me that you might have some info to get me started. I am interested in finding out the meanings of the various whistles that marked events on, for instance, a British naval vessel. My understanding is that there are signals for such as a call to arms, chnage of watch, and perhaps others? I cannot seem to find anything to give me a hook to find something. Any suggestions you might have would be appreciated. RayKiddy 02:14, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Philately
Hello, I'm from the French Wikipedia and has written articles about philatelic topics. Do you know if there is on en:wiki an "opening gate" into wikipedian articles on philately (such as on fr:) ? It will help me see what's new here and how to use it on fr:. Have a nice sunday. Sebjarod 08:52, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank for the answer. I will be attentive on the 3 pages you name. Sebjarod 12:51, 22 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Note that someone created this portal Wikiportal/Philately this morning. Sebjarod 08:17, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Ancient history
Hey. This is User:Lectiodifficilior. I run the site www.isidore-of-seville.com and www.ancientlibrary. I saw your edit to Arrian, and your interest in ancient history generally. You look like a Wikipedia dynamo.

Do you have any interest in working on a "Wiki Classical Dictionary"? I'm about to bring such a site live, and am looking for people who might want to be editors. The site would eventually cover anything classical, but would branch out from Alexander and Hellenistic history. The difference between Wikipedia and a Wiki Classical Dictionary would be similar to the difference between the Encyclopedia Britannica and the Oxford Classical Dictionary, eg.,

 * Emphasis on "norms of good scholarship," going beyond NPOV to citation, "writing to your level," etc.
 * Authors would have standardized headings for editions, translations and commentaries.
 * Deeper, focused coverage of the classical world.

What do you think? No commitment necessary. I want to gauge interest and sollicit ideas. Hit my talk page or email [mailto:editor@isidore-of-seville.com editor@isidore-of-seville.com].

Middle Earth
Hi there! Thanks for your contributions to the 'deletion policy/middle earth items' discussion, but I'd have to inform you that the discussion had already drawn to conclusions (WP:FICT) which do seem to correspond mostly to what you suggest. Radiant_* 10:17, Apr 4, 2005 (UTC)

Transwiki Bot
I don't know what the hell is going on, but you need to make your bot pay more attention to talk pages. I objected to a transwiki for letter carrier several months ago, being nice on the talk page and not just summarily reverting everybody in sight, but my reward has been to have another bot attempt to delete it, and only fail because of compression. It really pisses me off that we have irresponsible people running bots to delete stuff, not even taking the trouble to notice if something had been posted on the talk page. I guess the next time I'm just going to revert, since the talk page is apparently no longer used. Stan 17:45, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Stan, the transwikifier is a program I wrote, but it is not an automated bot. I put eyes on each of the pages that were transwikied, and no I didn't look at the talk pages of the 1000 articles or so that I've transwikied. Furthermore, I am not an administrator, so I did not delete the article (I did mark it for deletion, but in retrospect that article deserves to be in Wikipedia). I'll admit that I made a mistake marking the article for deletion. I'll contact the administrator that has protected the page and ask him to unprotect it and remove the pending deletion tag. I'm sorry if this caused your blood pressure to go up. Finally, you need to know that transwikifying an article does not mean that it will be deleted, it only means that it gets an entry in the transwiki namespace at wiktionary. Kevin Rector 23:13, Apr 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * Stan, Letter carrier has been unprotected and removed from the pending deletions. Kevin Rector 03:23, Apr 3, 2005 (UTC)

Trashed categories
"Are you aware that by changing category "American botanists" to "botanists", you simply destroyed the nationality info that hundreds of editors have been trying to develop and maintain across all of WP, not just the botany section? At the very least you should have added "American people" etc. I didn't notice this before now because the software broke my watchlist until today, now you've created a huge mess to clean up after. Stan 02:47, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)"
 * I disagree. I merely restored Category:botanists to how it used to be before 19 March, when it was broken up, almost entirely by one person (the anonymous user 82.35.37.118). I did not remove any other nationality categorisation. - MPF 17:39, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * "Categories for deletion/botanists by nationality lists a 4-4 vote, which is hardly a consensus to make the changes you did. Some of the categories you emptied have been around for six months at least, such as British botanists, so it wasn't just an anon (who was most likely User:Pcpcpc logged out, as the software is wont to do). Although I understand that you personally think nationality is unimportant, that is just your POV; for a high-school teacher in New Zealand or Brazil looking up homegrown botanists for the class to write about, that is quite relevant, and nearly impossible to find out without the subcategories. In any case, you're setting yourself against the hundreds of editors who have built Category:Nationalities by occupation and Category:People by nationality and their thousands of subcategories. Either botanists are fundamentally different from other kinds of people (which could be argued I suppose :-) ), or all these other editors are mistaken, in which case you should convince them of their wrongness first before unilaterally emptying out the category. But given that Category:American actors alone has some 3,000 names, I don't think you're going to get much of a favorable hearing! If you want to argue that the botanists is still too small to be subdivided, that's plausible, but your argument seems to be that the category shouldn't be subdivided no matter how large it gets. Just as you expect other people to defer to your knowledge in matters arboreal, you should respect those who are more knowledgeable about information organization. Stan 18:29, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)"
 * Hi Stan - several points; first, neither was there any consensus for Pcpcpc's (if they were his) changes in the first place; I was restoring the original status quo, not making a change. And no request for comment had been made at either WP:TOL talk or from regular botanical contributors, as should have been done, before making that change. Second, botanists are fundamentally different from (almost) all other kinds of people when it comes to nationality; e.g. uniquely only botanists and ornithologists working in Britain and Germany among all people maintained friendly communication and exchange of scientific information throughout the second world war. Third, yes, botanists are too small to subdivide; all but 4 or 5 of the new subcategories created had less than five entries, which is pretty ridiculous; it is not comparable to actors at all. Fourth, and most important of all, is the need to have all the botanists at a single source for reference. There are thousands of plant articles that are being written or having their taxoboxes updated; both involve adding the line ; one takes a species, and looks up the botanical name and author citation to enter there, e.g.  ; this gives you two authors to link in, with no information on their nationality. One can then get their full names from the IPNI author query page, but that still leaves the article writer with the task of finding the botanist's wiki page - does the botanist Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal have a page at all? Is it at Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal, or Diederich Franz von Schlechtendal, or Diederich Leonhard von Schlechtendal, or Diederich von Schlechtendal, or Diederich F. L. von Schlechtendal, or Diederich F. von Schlechtendal? The simple way to do this is to look up in Category:botanists. If you have to search through 30-odd subcategories and sub-subcategories - it takes an hour to do something that should take 2 minutes. So you don't, you give up in disgust. Or else start a new duplicate page about the botanist. It is quite clear from both 82.35.37.118's and Pcpcpc's contributions lists, that they've not had any experience at all of writing plant articles, and I think they should listen to those who do. They didn't even ask. - MPF 20:22, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Categories
Hey, I actually was the person who created and filled Category:Nationalities by occupation! I wondered if anybody would ever look at it - but apparently you've noticed it, so thanks! It's nice to know my efforts are not unappreciated :)

Have a look at User talk:MPF. I've put a suggestion there you might want to have a look at that might solve all this trouble with Category:Botanists and Category:Botanists by nationality. I'd really like some feedback!

Also there are some very interesting goings-on at WP:CFD. I put a few suggestions that I thought were largely housekeeping up and in fact they've turned out to be very controversial. I suggested a few things (mainly like Category:Luxembourg going to Category:Luxembourgeois people in line with the overwhelming majority of Category:People by nationality, although there were a few more controversial ones, e.g. finding an adjective for people from Bosnia-Herzegovina - standard English is "Bosnian" but that seems to discriminate against Herzegovinans). The general consensus now seems to be everything that I had it the wrong way round: "Fooian people" ought to be changed to "People from Fooland" (so presumably all the thousands of "Swedish entrepreurs", "Japanese inventors", "Russian scientists" and goodness knows what else should all be moved to their equivalents). Have I, and the people who have made all these hundreds of categories, been rather silly? (Which is possible - groupthink and all that) Or is there a reason for the apparently massive prior consensus? You seem to have an interest in categorisation so your input would be valued and appreciated. VivaEmilyDavies 19:22, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Classsical wikis
Thanks for your reply comment. Actually, I have a text-plus-wiki-commentary engine coming soon. I built it, but now I'm thinking I'll rewrite the PHP to work with Wiki markup, not HTML. Against your advice, I did start my Wiki Classical Dictionary. Not sure if it'll work. Thanks and best Lectiodifficilior 06:30, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Zambia map
Ow ow ow, eh? Yes, the general consensus seems to be that the bright colours are annoying. I think you probably saw the old version of the map. Have a look at the new one and see what you think. Kelisi 23:55, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

USS Constitution photograph
The photograph you submitted has, as part of the caption, "Constitution was en route to deliver livestock to Russia during the emergency shortage of November 1987". You can't be serious. Please edit the caption to something realistic? --Durin 02:31, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Ah, right you are (prank on image). Sorry, brain dead moment on my part and didn't think to check. --Durin 02:53, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Palla/Impala
What is the importance of the redirect of "palla" to impala that you created? I ask because I made an article called pallaventuno, that (after doing a little more research) is probably better titled "palla," Italian for "ball." I would like to usurp the palla article for this purpose. --Eoghanacht 00:13, 2005 Apr 19 (UTC)

(US) vs (U.S.) vs (United States) title disambiguator
Hi, Stan. I remember 2 years ago, you had a strong opinion that the article Sierra Nevada (US) should not be titled Sierra Nevada (U.S.). This issue has come up again. If you'd like to participate in the new discussion, feel free to contribute at Wikipedia Talk:Naming conventions (acronyms). Thanks! -- hike395 05:45, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Dab style
I've created a draft project at Disambiguation/Style for comment. I'll announce it on Village Pump, but I'm directly notifying people who have commented lately. —Wahoofive (talk) 17:24, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Postage stamps and postal history of Afghanistan
an image of one of your stamps is not loading correctly in Postage stamps and postal history of Afghanistan...maybe it is just my machine...i tried to fix it, but couldn't. the image is Image:Stamp Afghan 1892-600px.jpg. Kingturtle 04:47, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

1911 Britannica
Hello, Stan. I have a query about Omaguas. Do you have any current information on them? The article contains statements like "The Omaguas are still numerous and powerful around the head waters of the Japura and Uaups." This may have been true in 1911, but for all the average reader knows they've been entirely wiped out or assimilated since that time. The 1911 EB appears to contain a lot of ethnographic information that is either grossly over-simplified, tinged with racial prejudice of some kind, or just plain wrong (the same goes for plenty of Western literature of that period), so I can't help but question the value of importing a straight copy of an article about a tribal group from it. As far as I can tell they do still exist in some form, but like many such groups there's a dearth of information on them to be found on the Internet. I just wonder if the 1911 EB is the best source to use here in the absence of much else, especially when copied verbatim. Cheers. — Trilobite (Talk) 22:36, 11 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't have any more info on the Omaguas; one would have to visit a well-stocked university library (I'm always surprised at how much more info is still in books instead of on the net). The 1911EB article is certainly borderline, but what tipped it for me is the references to early explorers, which will be valid no matter what is changed or added about the tribe itself. I view 1911EB lifts as staking out ground, so to speak, letting later editors know the topic exists and should be updated, making links from other topics work, etc. I expect that sooner or later we'll ditch all the 1911EB content in favor of modern rewrites of the topics - in the meantime it's better than nothing at all. Stan 05:00, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

Roman Africa
I've posted a request for a page move at North Africa during the Classical Period. User:Adam Bishop said you'd be a good person to talk to. Alan 20:13, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

More on Russian Navy
Hi Stan! I remember you once asked me if I had more info on the history of the Russian Navy. Well, I've just recently wrote an article on Imperial Russian Navy and added some info to the Russian Navy article on its earlier history. Please, let me know what you think. Cheers! KNewman 16:50, May 24, 2005 (UTC)

Cultivar infoboxes
I would be grateful if you could comment on my proposal for cultivar infoboxes. The proposal is outlined at WikiProject Tree of Life/Cultivar infobox and there's comment at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Tree of Life. Gdr 10:30, 2005 May 31 (UTC)

Italian Provinces
Hi Stan, would you care to pass a comment here. Regards Giano | talk 13:04, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

USS Missouri
Don't no wheather you care or not, but the USS Missouri (BB-63) is up for featured article status. Thought you might like to know. TomStar81 02:28, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Category:Crusades
Hey Stan, a few months ago we were talking about reorganizing the category - well if you're still interested, I finally made some suggestions on the talk page, I don't know if you've seen it yet. Adam Bishop 06:22, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Royal consorts and monarchs
hi there. i´m trying to get a discussion going to change the rules on naming consorts, monarchs, etc.. it´s a bit of mess at the moment. maybe you wanna join in and give your opinion? feel free cheers Antares911 23:38, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

List of British reptiles
LOL - for some reason, this article didn't take as long as List of British birds, jimfbleak 28 June 2005 05:16 (UTC)

 * I think your yard doesn't have the same climate as England - my garden reptile list is 0, although we have recorded two amphibians. jimfbleak 30 June 2005 16:15 (UTC)

Surprise stamps
I noticed your interest in stamps, so I'm asking if you'll take a look at British Columbia and Vancouver Island. You might be surprised that the article is about stamps, rather than being about British Columbia and Vancouver Island. Can you think of a better title for the article, so it could be moved? Joyous June 30, 2005 04:57 (UTC)

 * Well, so much for surprise, then. I had no idea that was a standard naming convention.  I learn things all the time here. Certainly, we don't want to be graceless.  Joyous June 30, 2005 13:02 (UTC)

Interested in an L.A.-area Wiki meetup?
It's official! The first-ever L.A. Wiki Meetup will be occuring on July 25th, 2005. Are you coming? Would you like to help host? More details on the Meetup page. Be sure to check back regularly for updates! - Eric 3 July 2005 11:04 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for moving the Jean-Baptiste Vivien de Châtaeubrun article and changing the wording a little bit. I was going to come back to it but I had to step out for a moment. Dbraceyrules 19:15, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Glacier proposal
I understand your concern regarding our translation method at Spanish Translation of the Week. I have written up a proposal here. I would appreciate your input in creating a viable solution. — J3ff 01:35, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Bomb ketch vs Bomb vessel
Hey there! I've been working on category:bomb vessels lately, and started to get suspicious when all the pictures I could find show Erebus, Terror, Fury, and Hecla with 3 masts. Sure enough, Brian Lavery's book says that by the 1790's bomb vessels were ship-rigged because the older ketch-rigged ones had such poor sailing qualities. OK with you to rename the main bomb ketch article to bomb vessel? Ribbit. Dr.frog 01:05, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

Philatelic categorization
Hello. Can you please bear with me re the categories as I have a massive amount of data to input. Unfortunately, I do not have very much time to spend on the project and all my data has to be reformatted to meet Wikipedia’s tagging standard.

I have amended the categories because they lacked structure and there is need for a systematic approach. A friend, who is a postal expert but only an occasional computer user, told me he was going round in circles trying to tie up relevant articles. I am an IT professional and even I struggled to make any sense of the category structure.

There should be a single root category and in this case philately is the obvious choice since that is the umbrella term for the entire pursuit. Philately itself is a hobby or pastime or subject or whatever so it is entirely reasonable that it should also be a sub-category of those wider categories. I found that philately had such as postage stamps, postal markings and postal history as sub-categories but philately was also a sub-category of each of those, which is nonsense and does not help new users. Equally, similar articles such as the postage stamps of a particular country were categorised across the board instead of being allocated to a single category within a hierarchical or relative structure which non-IT people like my friend can easily navigate.

After I made a few amendments to the philatelic/postal categories, I asked my friend to try again and he found what he was looking for immediately. This is the benefit of a structured, systematic approach.

Whereas philately is the root, it splits into two main sub-categories. One of these is philately ‘’per se’’ which could be defined as the study of the physical aspects of stamps (e.g., watermarks, types of paper, gums, etc.). The other aspect is the actual issue of the stamps for postal purposes and this is all done at the behest of a postal authority (on the chicken before egg principle). Anything to do with issuing stamps and organising collection, sorting and delivery of mail is done by a postal authority which is why we believe it must rank as a main sub-category along with “physical” philately. The term “postal authority” is a catchall for any organisation that has issued stamps and processed mail: national government, army of occupation, foreign postal agency, etc.

Having said all that, I agree that it is a good idea to categorise types of stamp independently of a country’s issues and, on that basis, “postage stamps” should be a sub-category of “philately”. There is a clear difference between the two disciplines. I will endeavour to make use of that difference, especially as our inputs will fall into both of those categories.

As I say, please bear with us as we have a massive input to make and it will take some time to accomplish.

--John 09:45, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Missing image license
Quote from Stan Shebs: "Hi, some nice pictures of Utah (I went to grad school there)! Could you please tag Image:Red Butte Garden.jpg with license? It looks like an oversight, but only you can actually add the tag!"

Yes, an oversight. I'm new at this and still stumbling a bit. Please delete the entry — I subsequently added the photo again under a different name, this time with the license. By the way, I too went to grad school in Utah, but contrary to original plans, got married and never managed to leave. ;-) Maylett 17:35, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

Editing of Discussion
Hello. Thanks for your advice re deletion and I'll bear it in mind.

However, I think you should be aware that Encyclopaedia Britannica's decision to publish its information in both micro and macro formats was not lightly taken and was certainly not because of any desperation re printing costs or anything else. They were instead pursuing a customer service policy re presentation of information. They realised that many subjects can be covered in a few words or a concise summary whereas others have considerably wider scope and need to be addressed by means of comprehensive articles.

You could almost argue that Wikipedia has adopted the same approach when you see how many "stubs" there are, especially as many of them are to all intents and purposes already complete.

The reason why I originally removed the discussion item you mentioned is that your comment re Encyclopaedia Britannica is incorrect and may even be considered defamatory, especially as it has been seen by someone who works in the publishing industry, has links with Britannica and gave me the information above.

Since you have seen fit to restore the comment in its original form, may I suggest you now edit it? --Jack 09:47, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I think Mr McHenry's point of view is fair comment. I've seen plenty of stuff on Wikipedia over the last few years that I've declined to use.  Having said that, now that I've decided to make my own contributions, I hope I don't add stuff that other readers "decline to use"!!  I'm sorry we have had a few differences though I have taken on board quite a few of your suggestions and put them into practice.  No hard feelings and I wish you well.  We need more stamp people on here and I'll certainly try to persuade some that I know. --Jack 21:02, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

New Wikiproject Las Vegas
I have noted your interest in Las Vegas, Nevada and surrounding area. I extend the offer to join us on the Wikiproject Las Vegas. … G u y M … (soapbox) 13:53, August 15, 2005 (UTC)

Inactive Project Template
Hello, Stan. I was wondering if I could remove that banner but I decided it might be some system controlled thing that would cause the project to implode if I touched it! Thanks for getting rid of it. The project is anything but inactive as the philately pages are being updated every day. I suppose what we need is to persuade extra people to sign up to the actual Wikiproject. All the best. --Jack 08:41, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Vasco da Gama
An article that you've edited before (Vasco da Gama) is nominated for Article Improvement Drive. If you want go there and vote. Thanks. Gameiro 02:58, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Bureaucrats' noticeboard
Mark, I have created a new project page at Bureaucrats' noticeboard, and Secretondon suggested that I tell my fellow bureaucrats about it. It's designed as a forum where users with bureaucrat rights can discuss difficult situations, either beforehand (for advice about what to do) or after taking action (for review and feedback). It's similar to another page I created, which is starting to catch on (e.g., Jimbo used it this month): account suspensions, which is not for 3RR or simple vandalism but for close calls and disputed blocks.

Please take a look at these new project pages and give some feedback. Good idea? Bad? Needs improvement? --Uncle Ed 12:05, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

Talk:Joe Scarborough
Thanks for catching that, I didn't even notice I had done that. Gamaliel 21:08, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Cactus pictures
I didnt mean to delete any pictures, I used a program called wikimedia commonplace, it didn't give me any warning that it was errasing another picture, i wont use it from now, thanks for the warning. Martin - The non-blue non-moose 13:29, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks Stan!, I think i'll just not use that software anymore, it has a few other bugs anyway. btw I checked that i hadn't over written any others. Martin - The non-blue non-moose 20:42, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

new template for philately members
Stan, I'd like to get a list of all wiki members who contribute to philately and try to get them to sign up to the project and display this banner.

All the best. --Jack 21:23, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

User categorization
Greetings! Your user page hasn't been vandalized :-) --it was updated to use the new User Categorization scheme. Although I know that some people don't like to be "categorized" I have categorized your User Page as a Wikipedian in Nevada (Category:Wikipedians in Nevada) since your name was listed on the Wikipedia:Wikipedians/Nevada page and I didn't want to lose sight of that.  The Wikipedia:Wikipedians/Nevada page is scheduled for deletion.    Thanks!   Roby Wayne  Talk •  Hist 03:42, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

FishBase
Hi, I've contacted FishBase to cooperate with Wikipedia. They are willing to cooperate, maybe a bit unexpectedly. Do you want to help with this cooperation? Ucucha|... 13:33, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

Macau philately
Stan, Please see my reply to your query on my talk page. --Daveb 07:54, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

Ceres series and Ceres series (Portugal)
Hello, sorry to disturb you once more with my creations. Can you let on these two articles' talk pages what need to be done to fit in the en.wiki habits, please ? Have a nice week-end. Sebjarod 10:18, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
 * When the references are good, the article is good : Afinsa Portuguese stamp catalog is very good and complete, like the Dallay for French stamps with authors' name, dates, details, etc. Thanks for the text polishing. Have a nice day. Sebjarod 15:27, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

New Republic (South Africa)
On my travels with link repair I de-linked a wikilink to New Republic, when I should have linked to New Republic (South Africa). I was watched the page to see what would happen to my change, and thank you for fixing it up for me. Also, just thought I'd let you know that on disambiguation pages there is generally no need to use piping, which I've fixed up on New Republic. --Commander Keane 16:41, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

"Flourished"
Really? Well, live and learn. Thanks. Bunchofgrapes 19:00, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stan Shebs/archive 8


text: User talk:69.248.88.96

title: User talk:69.248.88.96


text:
Talk:Jackson, Missouri

Early History Paragraph
This article states: "The first post office was established in 1814 when the area was called Birdstown. The name was changed to Jackson on August 31, 1819, named for Andrew Jackson, a general popular for his role in the War of 1812. It was the first town to be named after Andrew Jackson. The town was platted in 1815. The Missouri Herald, the third newspaper in state, was established here on June 25, 1819. In 1818, the town already had a population of 300. The first county courthouse was built in 1818 on Jackson's public square." One might think a chronological format might be somewhat less confusing. As it reads now, it skips back and forth talking about events in 1819 before those in 1815 and then skips forward again to 1819 and then back to 1818, leading to some nonsensical claims like the Jackson public square being established in Birdstown before the town itself was renamed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:801:4280:A710:A1:584F:F5C4:9F55 (talk) 15:47, 9 January 2022 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 one external links on Jackson, Missouri. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6HQu4Spqa to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov to http://factfinder2.census.gov
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx to http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2 to http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX to http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:08, 21 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 external links on Jackson, Missouri. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://factfinder2.census.gov/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20160602200744/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:43, 17 April 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Jackson, Missouri. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141021041016/http://www.jacksonmo.org/AboutJackson/history.aspx to http://www.jacksonmo.org/AboutJackson/history.aspx

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:15, 19 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jackson, Missouri


text:
User talk:Stephen Allison~enwiki

Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing ~ ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 05:28, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

Emotions about emotion
I actually think the Emotion page is fine as is. It presents a psychological and philosophical perspective and I think the link you put to your affective neuroscience article is the way to go regarding neural mecanisms. One comment about the affective neuroscience article, it looks like its coming along nicely, but you really need a section in there regarding affective disorders, since many of what is known in this field stems from their study. Nice job though! Nrets 15:30, 13 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Sallison: my apologies for not getting back to you sooner. My activities of this semester have proven to be rather time consuming. I appreciate your comments on the FA success of cerebellum. I promise once things calm a bit I will get around to offering comments on the emotion article. Semiconscious  ( talk  · home) 19:02, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

Pick's Disease, etc.
Hi Sallison and welcome to Wikipedia. The See Also section is a good idea to have, but I remember reading in guidelines (unfortunately I can't remember the exact place...but I'm sure I read it in the guidelines) that categorization should be used instead of "See Also," especially when it's just a short list like that. I noticed that all of the articles listed in "See Also" were in the "Cognitive disorders" category, so I just added Pick's Disease to that category. But if you're going to put all those other references in a context in the article, then that See Also can be there, but is the Cognitive disorders category appropriate for Pick's Disease? --CDN99 20:04, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

Dementia
Thank you for your note! I have made some alterations in the text, and will make a comment on the talk page. / Habj 18:00, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Stephen Allison. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Stephen Allison~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:52, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:13, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stephen Allison~enwiki


text:
User:WolfKeeper

I spend most of my free time watching hockey or fishing, unless I'm at the Allstate Arena recording penalties for the American Hockey League at Chicago Wolves home games.

title: User:WolfKeeper


text:
Essex, San Bernardino County, California

Essex is a small unincorporated community in San Bernardino County, California. Essex lies on Old National Trails Highway – part of the old Route 66 – just south of Interstate 40 in the Mojave Desert.

History
Essex, a former oasis along historic Route 66 in California, was allegedly founded when a motorist suffered a flat tire only to discover there were no garages for miles. It also lies along the former Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (now the BNSF Railway).

In Essex's heyday, there were a number of important buildings utilized by motorists and local patrons, including:
 * Bell's Towing
 * The Wayside Cafe
 * Essex Post Office
 * Essex Elementary School
 * Essex Shell Tire Shop

Essex was notable along Route 66 for providing free water to travelers, thanks to a well installed by the Automobile Club of Southern California. Over a dozen homes also serviced the small community.

The town of Essex had no television reception until 1977. The signal from Los Angeles, 150 miles west, was too weak, and the signal from Las Vegas, 110 miles north, was blocked by hills. A device called a translator, costing several thousand dollars, could have solved this problem, but the town voted against spending the money. Johnny Carson found the town's lack of television interesting, and invited the entire town's population (about 50 people at the time) to attend the taping of the March 25, 1977 episode of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. He talked to 5 different townspeople about what it was like and whether they missed having television. All but one said they preferred it that way. Shortly after the Tonight Show appearance, executives at Electronics, Missiles and Communications (Emcee), which makes television transmitters, provided the town with a translator at no cost.

Today
Essex is on the verge of becoming one of many ghost towns scattered throughout the Southwestern United States displaced by the creation of Interstate 40. Essex Elementary school (founded 1937), which once served the educational needs of both Essex and its neighbor Goffs, has closed. It was once taught by a single teacher. Its location remote even with today's technological capabilities, Essex lacks many comforts of modern-day life, and was unable to receive television service until the end of 1977.

Many of the homes and buildings in Essex have completely disappeared, almost 50 lie in abandonment, and of what was once a bustling roadside hub, only the post office, Caltrans maintenance yard, school house, and outdoor telephone are still operational. There are no facilities in town.

Essex has only one close neighbor, the equally abandoned Goffs, located to the north, just across I-40.

Three miles northeast of Essex, just north of the Goffs Road Junction with National Old Trails Highway, the remains of Camp Essex Army Airfield are still visible. This uniquely configured airfield has two parallel runways and twelve "hardstands," where aircraft could be parked.

Population
In the 2000 Census, the population was 111. In a 2005 estimate, the population was presumed to be 89. Between the 2000 Census and the 2005 estimate, the community's population presumably decreased by 19.8%. Later in a 2013 estimate, it was presumed that the population was now approximately 10. Between 2005 and 2013, the community's population decreased by 88.7%.

Overall, the population of Essex presumably decreased by 90.9%. The town is presumably on its way to abandonment.

In popular culture
In the episode called "The Town" in the second season of the original Mission: Impossible television series, a car carrying two would-be assassins is shown pulling out of a gas station in Essex onto old US 66.

In the season 20, episode 1 of The Johnny Carson show, the entire population of Essex was invited to the show. All but a few showed up. The date was March 25, 1977. Many of the members of the town were interviewed in the episode.


text:
Jouett Shouse

Jouett Shouse (December 10, 1879 – June 2, 1968) was an American lawyer, newspaper publisher, and leading Democratic politician. A conservative, he was best known for opposing the New Deal in the 1930s.

Born in Midway, Kentucky, his family moved to Mexico, Missouri in 1892 where he attended public school. After studying at the University of Missouri at Columbia he returned to his native Kentucky where he served on the staff of the Lexington Herald from 1898 to 1904 and eventually became the owner/editor of The Kentucky Farmer and Breeder.

In 1911, Jouett Shouse moved to Kinsley, Kansas, where he married. He became involved in agricultural and livestock businesses and served on the board of directors of the director of the Kinsley Bank. He was elected a state senator in 1913 then in 1915 was elected to the United States Congress where he served until 1919 when President Woodrow Wilson appointed him as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. At the Treasury Department he was in charge of customs, internal revenue and reorganized the War Risk Insurance division until November 15, 1920, when he resigned "in order to adjust his personal affairs."

Shouse was very active in the Democratic Party and was appointed chairman of the executive committee of the Democratic National Committee in May 1929. His powerful position in Washington politics led to him being on the cover of the November 10, 1930 issue of TIME magazine. He opposed the nomination of Franklin D. Roosevelt as the Democratic Party's candidate for president and along with John J. Raskob supported the candidacy of Alfred E. Smith.

In early 1930s Shouse divorced his wife of twenty-one years and married the wealthy divorcee, Catherine Filene Dodd. A native of Boston, Massachusetts, the new Mrs. Shouse was a daughter of A. Lincoln Filene, head of Filene's department stores. She would serve on the board of trustees of the Filene Foundation. After their marriage, Jouett and Catherine Shouse took in and brought up a boy whom they renamed William Filene Shouse.

Liberty League
After Roosevelt's election, Shouse left his leadership position to become president of the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment. That organization played an important role in bringing about the repeal of prohibition in 1933. In this campaign Shouse worked together with Roosevelt's people.

Shouse broke with the liberals and became the president of the American Liberty League, 1934–40, a new conservative organization formed by leading businessmen to oppose parts of the New Deal. Roosevelt received him in the White House for a generous amount of discussion concerning the group's values and concerns, and he left Shouse charmed. Later, however, Roosevelt told the press that Shouse's organization put "too much stress on property rights, too little on human rights." The League, he said, was sworn to "uphold two of the Ten Commandments".

Regarding the controversial National Recovery Administration, Shouse was ambivalent. He commented that "the NRA has indulged in unwarranted excesses of attempted regulation"; on the other hand, he added that "in many regards [the NRA] has served a useful purpose." Shouse said that he had "deep sympathy" with the goals of the NRA, explaining, "While I feel very strongly that the prohibition of child labor, the maintenance of a minimum wage and the limitation of the hours of work belong under our form of government in the realm of the affairs of the different states, yet I am entirely willing to agree that in the case of an overwhelming national emergency the Federal Government for a limited period should be permitted to assume jurisdiction of them."

In 1936 Roosevelt built his campaign on crusading against the American Liberty League as a band of economic royalists.

Shouse practiced law in Kansas City, Missouri as well as in Washington, D.C. In 1953, he was appointed chairman of the board of directors of New York City-based Anton Smit and Co. Inc., now part of 3M.

Thoroughbred horse racing
Shouse grew up in Kentucky, where Thoroughbred horse breeding and racing was an integral part of daily life as well as the state's economy. According to a 1916 article in the New York Times, for many years he was actively engaged in promoting the Thoroughbred interests of Kentucky. Shouse and his second wife Catherine owned Wolf Trap Farm in Vienna, Virginia, where they raised and bred boxer dogs as well as Thoroughbred horses used as show hunters and for competing in flat racing. A part of the farm was later donated by Mrs. Shouse to become the site of the Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts.

Shouse retired in 1965 and died in 1968. He is buried in the Lexington Cemetery in Lexington, Kentucky.

title: Jouett Shouse


text:
KMVA

KMVA (97.5 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Dewey-Humboldt, Arizona. It is owned by Riviera Broadcasting, LLC. KMVA and sister station KZON 103.9 FM in Gilbert simulcast an adult contemporary format, covering the Phoenix metropolitan area.

KMVA has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 42,000 watts. The transmitter is on Tower Mountain Road in Crown King, Arizona.

In Flagstaff
In 1985, Santa Rosa Broadcasting obtained a construction permit to build a new FM station at 97.5 in Flagstaff. The station signed on the air on January 5, 1988. The original call sign was KENR. It began with a soft adult contemporary format.

The station was acquired by The Voice of Northern Arizona Ltd., the owners of KVNA 600 AM. It was relaunched on January 15, 1988, as KVNA-FM, moving to a mainstream adult contemporary sound. By 1992, it had shifted to Top 40 - CHR, branded as "The Heat". Then a couple of years later, KVNA-FM switched to alternative rock.

The Park Lane Group bought KVNA-AM-FM in 1995. The FM station ended the alternative format and returned to AC as "Sunny 97". While some listeners lamented the change, Park Lane cited the lack of an AC station in the market for the move.

Move closer to Phoenix
Marathon Media, a company known for taking rural stations and moving them closer to larger metropolitan areas in order to sell them for a higher amount, purchased KVVA-FM in 2003. It got approval to move the station to a site between Phoenix and Prescott to cover the Phoenix metropolitan area. On January 1, 2005, in order to remain in Flagstaff, the "Sunny" format moved to 100.1 FM, which changed its call letters from KLOD to become the new KVNA-FM.

The new 97.5 facility, now with its tower closer to Phoenix, began broadcasting in April 2005. The new call sign was KZLB, calling itself "97.5 Latino Beat," featuring a mix of Spanish-language Contemporary Hits and Reggaeton. The station was in the process of being sold at the time. KVIB 95.1, a station broadcasting from the same location with an identical format, signed on the air just one month later, thus forcing KZLB off the air for three months. 97.5 returned to the airwaves in late August with a format mixing classic and more recently recorded Adult Standards and Swing music. It was known on-air as "Star 97.5" with the KRZS call letters.

KRZS flipped to Rhythmic AC as "MOViN' 97.5" at 5PM on October 27, 2006. The last song on Star 97.5 was "You Make Me Feel So Young" by Frank Sinatra, while the first song on Movin' 97.5 was "Bust a Move" by Young MC. The station's old website was still up. But a goodbye message was left to its listeners explaining why the owners made the decision to switch formats. Throughout 2009, the station began adding various Adult Top 40 pop and rock songs, moving more into a Hot AC direction but keeping some of the rhythmic material. During this period, the station aired the syndicated Elvis Duran and the Morning Show and On Air With Ryan Seacrest.

On November 24, 2010, KMVA temporarily dropped its Top 40 format and began playing all-Christmas music. In addition, all references to "MOViN'" were omitted, an indication that KMVA would flip to a new format after the Christmas holidays. On December 20, 2010, management revealed that at midnight on December 25, 2010, KMVA would officially become Hot 97.5, a contemporary hit radio station with a unique mix of Top 40 and Hot AC currents. The first three songs on "Hot" were "Raise Your Glass" by P!nk, "September" by Daughtry, and "Viva La Vida" by Coldplay. Both Elvis Duran and Ryan Seacrest's shows were retained at KMVA after the transition. The station was added again to Mediabase's contemporary hit radio panel as of July 2011.

Hot 97.5/103.9

In early 2012, KMVA shifted its direction towards Dance music. It added a new slogan, "The Hits and Dance Channel". It also dropped Elvis Duran for a music-driven morning show that same year. By 2013, the Dance product was phased out for more Hot AC product, but remained within the Top 40/CHR realm. However, by the Fall of 2013, KMVA returned to an Adult Top 40 direction altogether.

On December 27, 2013, Trumper Communications and Riviera Broadcasting Group announced that they would merge their Adult Top 40 outlets into one simulcast, with KMVA and KEXX becoming "Hot 97.5/103.9 Trending Radio." The combined signals made their launch on December 31, 2013. On March 14, 2014, the sale of KMVA by Trumper Communications to Riviera Broadcasting was consummated at a price of $11,270,000.

On June 17, 2022, at noon, KMVA and KZON shifted to rhythmic hot AC, keeping the "Hot" branding and adopting the "Rhythm of the Valley" positioner. The first song was "Hot in Herre" by Nelly.

title: KMVA


text:
Hernando de Luque

Hernando de Luque (Unknown – 1533) was a Spanish priest who travelled to the New World in the 16th century. Luque was born in Olvera, Andalusia, but grew up in Luque, Spain. His last name comes from his town being Luque. His English name is Ferdinand of Luque. Luque left for the Americas in 1514. He arrived in 1514 with the expedition of Pedrarias Dávila to Panama, where he met Francisco Pizarro. He later met Vazquez who helped him in the conversion of the Incas.

Luque acted as an agent for the financial backer, Judge Gaspar de Espinosa, of the joint expedition by Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro to Peru in 1526. He was named "Bishop of Tumbes" and "Protector of the Indians" in the Capitulation of 1529.

In 1533, Hernando de Luque died in Panama.

title: Hernando de Luque


text:
John Brim

John Charles Brim (April 10, 1922 – October 1, 2003) was an American Chicago blues guitarist, songwriter, and singer. He wrote and recorded the song "Ice Cream Man" which was later covered by the rock band Van Halen for their first album, and by Martin Sexton on his 2001 album, Live Wide Open, and by David Lee Roth on his album Diamond Dave and by Swedish band FJK as "Isglasskis".

Biography
Brim began playing guitar by studying the recordings of Big Bill Broonzy and Tampa Red. He moved to Indianapolis in 1941 and Chicago in 1947. His wife, Grace, was also a talented musician, playing drums and harmonica.

Brim recorded for several labels, including Chess Records. "Ice Cream Man" was recorded on May 4, 1953, but not released until 1968. Other tracks recorded for Chess include "I Would Hate to See You Go" (1956). The album Whose Muddy Shoes includes all his songs from the 1950s on that label.

Brim also operated a dry cleaners and a record store. He used his royalties from Van Halen's recording of "Ice Cream Man" to open a nightclub in Chicago.

He continued to perform occasionally around Chicago and was a regularly featured performer at the Chicago Blues Festival beginning in 1991, when he was backed by a Chicago blues band, the Ice Cream Men (drummer Steve Cushing, guitarists Dave Waldman and "Rockin'" Johnny Burgin, and harmonica player Scott Dirks). The name of the band was coincidental; they were not Brim's regular band and had been using the name because the members had previously worked with the Chicago bluesman Otis "Big Smokey" Smothers, who worked as an ice cream man on Chicago's South Side.

Brim recorded four songs for the German label Wolf in 1989. A studio album, Ice Cream Man, was released by Tone Cool Records in 1994. It was nominated for a W. C. Handy Award as the Best Traditional Blues Album of the Year.

Brim appeared at the 1997 San Francisco Blues Festival. He recorded another album "Jake's Blues" in 2000 and continued to give live performances, including Belgium in 2001 and at the Chicago Blues Festival in 2002.

Death
Brim died following a year-long battle with heart cancer at 81 years old on October 1, 2003. His funeral was held on October 10, 2003.

Studio albums

 * The Ice Cream Man (Tone Cool, 1994)
 * Jake's Blues (Anna Bee, 2000)

title: John Brim


text:
Saldanha

Saldanha may refer to:

South Africa

 * Saldanha Bay, a bay in Western Cape
 * Saldanha, Western Cape, a town on the bay
 * Saldanha Bay Local Municipality, the unit of government that administers the Saldanha Bay region

Other countries

 * Saldanha (Lisbon Metro), a railway station in Lisbon, Portugal
 * Saldanha, a civil parish in Mogadouro, Portugal
 * Saldaña de Burgos, Castile and León, Spain

People

 * Saldanha (footballer, born 1989), Brazilian football right-back
 * Saldanha (footballer, born 1999), Brazilian football forward
 * Saldanha da Gama (1846–1895), Brazilian admiral
 * António de Saldanha (fl. 16th century), Castilian-Portuguese explorer for whom the South African bay is named
 * Carlos Saldanha (born 1965), Brazilian film director
 * Jacintha Saldanha (1966–2012), Indian nurse in London who committed suicide after a prank call
 * João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira Daun, 1st Duke of Saldanha (1790–1876), Portuguese marshal and statesman
 * João Saldanha (1917–1990), Brazilian journalist and football manager
 * José Pintos Saldanha (born 1964), Uruguayan footballer
 * Josh Saldanha, former drummer for the German metal band Disillusion
 * Lawrence Saldanha (born 1936), Indian Catholic priest, 10th Archbishop of Lahore
 * V. J. P. Saldanha (1925–2000), Indian Konkani-language writer

Military history

 * Battle of Saldanha Bay (1781), a naval action of the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
 * Capitulation of Saldanha Bay, the 1796 surrender of a Dutch expeditionary force to the British Royal Navy
 * HMS Saldanha, two vessels of the Royal Navy

Science

 * Saldanha (plant genus), a former genus in the plant family Rubiaceae
 * Saldanha catshark, Apristurus saldanha
 * 1456 Saldanha, an asteroid

Other uses

 * Saldanha Steel, a South African steel company
 * Beals v. Saldanha, a Supreme Court of Canada decision
 * Duke of Saldanha, a Portuguese title

title: Saldanha