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Falls of Foyers

The Falls of Foyers (Scottish Gaelic: Eas na Smùide, meaning the smoking falls) are two waterfalls on the River Foyers, which feeds Loch Ness, in Highland, Scotland. They are located on the lower portion of the River Foyers, and consist of the upper falls, with a drop of 46 ft and the lower falls, which drop 98 ft.

The falls were a popular destination for tourists using the pleasure steamers operating on Loch Ness, but in 1895, the North British Aluminium Company began building an aluminium smelting plant, which required large amounts of electricity. The hydro-electric station at the plant took large volumes of water from the River Foyers from an intake just above the falls, significantly reducing their flow. The plant was built without the need for Parliamentary approval, because the company bought the Lower Foyers estate, through which the river ran, and they were thus able to ignore the public outcry at the spoiling of an amenity. The works operated until 1967, with the original turbines which generated 3.75 MW remaining in use until the works closed.

The 1895 scheme had dammed Loch Garth and raised its level by 20 ft. Because it then joined Loch Farraline, the reservoir was renamed Loch Mhòr. This became the upper reservoir for a pumped-storage hydro-electric scheme when the newly closed works was taken over by the North of Scotland Hydro Electric Board. They installed a 5 MW turbine at the aluminium works, and constructed a tunnel from Loch Mhòr to feed a new power station located further to the north on the shore of Loch Ness. This has a capacity of 300 MW, and to preserve the amenity of the area, underground cables carry the power to a switching station some 3000 ft from the power station site. Further reductions to the flow over the falls have occurred as a result of diverting the River E into Loch Mhòr, and channelling most of the flow of the River Fechlin to it as well. Both formerly fed into the River Foyers, and hence the falls.

History
The falls influenced Robert Addams, a travelling lecturer in natural philosophy, to write a paper in 1834 about the motion aftereffect. He observed that after watching the waterfall for a while, nearby rocks appeared to move upwards.

Aluminium smelting
The flow over the falls has been much reduced since 1895 when North British Aluminium Company built an aluminium smelting plant on the shore of Loch Ness which was powered by electricity generated by the river. Artist Mary Rose Hill Burton, who was active in the unsuccessful resistance against the smelting plant, made many drawings and paintings of the falls before the plant was built, to capture the landscape in nature before it was lost.

Aluminium was first recognised in the early 1800s, and processes for extracting it from Bauxite ore were developed during the nineteenth century. The most promising was the Heroult-Hall process, separately developed by P T L Heroult in France and C M Hall in America in 1886-1887, but it required large amounts of electricity. The rights to using the process in Britain were obtained by the British Aluminium Company, which was formed in 1894. To produce a ton of aluminium required around 24 MWh of power, and the idea of obtaining cheap hydro-electricity to produce it was suggested. The company identified the Falls of Foyers as a possible site, and bought the Lower Foyers estate, covering some 8000 acre, together with water rights from neighbouring areas. This allowed them to create a hydro-electric scheme without needing to obtain Parliamentary approval, and to ignore public opposition to the effects it would have on local amenities. The River Foyers ran through a gorge to the almost vertical Lower Falls, which was a beauty spot, and was a stopping point for tourists using the MacBrayne pleasure steamers running along the Caledonian Canal from Fort William to Inverness.

Construction began in 1895. Loch Garth was modified by a concrete and masonry dam at its south-western end, together with an earth embankment. The concrete section is 690 ft long and around 23 ft tall, or possibly 760 ft long and around 30 ft tall. The dam raised the water level of Loch Garth by 20 ft, resulting in it joining Loch Farraline, and the combined storage reservoir, which was 4.5 mi long, was renamed Loch Mhòr. Water from the reservoir was conveyed along the original course of the River Foyers to the top of the Upper Falls of Foyers. From there a tunnel was cut through solid rock for 0.5 mi and the water continued through cast iron pipes to the generating station. The pipes were 30 in in diameter, and were laid in a trench, to be covered with sand. This provided a head of 350 ft to the turbines, and although there was some debate as to whether cast iron pipes could withstand such pressure, no issues were experienced. The water drove five Girard turbines connected to Oerlikon direct current generators, which could produce a total of 3.75 MW. This was sufficient for the production of aluminium, and some 200 tons per year were produced from June 1896. It was a new product, and with production exceeding demand, the power was also used to produce calcium carbide, and experiments were carried out to manufacture ferro-silicon, carborundum, cerium, magnesium, and precious stones.

The plant at Foyers steadily improved in efficiency, as the Heroult-Hall process was refined, and by 1904, world demand for aluminium had increased sufficiently that production of calcium carbide ceased, and the plant only produced aluminium. However, larger plants built subsequently at Kinlochleven and Fort William were more efficient, and from 1954, the plant was used to refine aluminium produced at those sites, by remelting it and removing impurities, to produce "super purity" aluminium. This eventually became uneconomic, and the plant shut in 1967. The Girard vertical shaft Pelton wheels, which had been installed in 1896 to provide power at 65 volts and 8000 amps, were used until the plant closed.

Hydroelectric power
The site was acquired by the North of Scotland Hydro Electric Board soon after the aluminium plant closed in 1967. The Girard turbines were replaced by a 5MW generator located in the main building.

Angus Fulton had been the Chief Civil and Hydraulic Engineer for the North of Scotland Hydro Electric Board almost from its inception. He had considered that Foyers would be a suitable site for a 60MW conventional hydroelectric scheme, but following the completion of the Hunterston A nuclear power station, the Joint Planning Committee that advised both the Board and the South of Scotland Electricity Board, had recommended that a 300MW pumped storage scheme was needed next. By that time Fulton had been succeeded by K R Vernon, an engineer with wide experience, that included working on the construction of another pumped storage scheme at Cruachan. He was an enthusiastic advocate for pumped storage schemes, as they complemented large thermal power stations such as Hunterston.

Plans for the Foyers scheme were published in 1968, and they were the fortieth construction scheme that the Board had promoted. Loch Mhòr would be the upper reservoir and Loch Ness the lower reservoir. The catchment for Loch Mhòr was about 30 sqmi, but this would be increased to 80 sqmi by diverting most of the flow of the River Fechlin and the River E into the loch. Like Cruachan, the system would be a hybrid, where about 25 percent of its output would be derived from water flowing from the catchment into Loch Ness, and the remainder would be from the pumped storage element. The project was estimated to cost about £106 million, and made good economic sense, since the cost per kW installed was £35.2, compared to around £50 for a thermal station of a similar size. The plans were laid before Parliament in February 1969 and approved in April.

The rock between Loch Mhòr and Loch Ness is heavily fractured, making tunnelling difficult, and there was only one place where the ground was sufficiently high to accommodate a surge shaft. This was at Tom an Eig, and by following a curved route, the low pressure tunnel could be driven through Foyers granite from Loch Mhòr to the surge shaft. However, the route was bisected by the Gleann Liath, a small lower lying valley, and because the quality of rock was so poor, the pipeline ran off the surface for a short distance. This provided two additional work faces from which tunnelling could be carried out. The low pressure tunnel was 9400 ft long. From the surge shaft, a 24 ft tunnel was excavated, which fed two steel lined tunnels to supply the turbines. These were situated at the bottom of elliptical shafts which are 50.2 m deep, an arrangement that maintained the scenic integrity of the area and complied with the planning conditions that the outlet should be at least 115 ft below the surface of Loch Ness.

Edmund Nuttall Ltd won the contract for the surge shaft, the high pressure tunnels, the power house and lower control works. The contract for the low pressure tunnel was awarded to Duncan Logan Construction, but they went bankrupt after six months on site, and Nuttall's took over this part of the project as well. The reversible turbines were supplied by Boving and Company, at a cost of nearly £2 million. The surge shaft was nearly 300 ft tall and 61 ft in diameter when completed. It was lined with concrete, which was achieved in a single pour by working 24 hours a day for 21 days, and using a hydraulically operated climbing shutter. Initial plans for routing the 275kV power lines away from the station were altered after there were objections to the route, and following a public enquiry, the switching station was located some 3000 ft further along Loch Ness, with the cables buried underground between the power station and the switching station.

The new power station is situated on the east bank of Loch Ness, to the north of the aluminium smelter, and was formally opened in April 1975. The scheme has a capacity of 305 megawatts and comprises two 150 MW generating sets located at the bottom of elliptical shafts, plus the 5MW generators at the Falls of Foyers station. The turbines are controlled remotely from a control centre in Perth, and when there is a sudden increase in demand for electricity, the plant can start generating 300 MW within 30 seconds, using 200 tonnes of water per second. At periods of low demand, the turbines are run in reverse, taking power from the grid to pump water from Loch Ness back into Loch Mhòr, ready for the next period of high demand. In order to allow back pumping, water for the power station no longer uses the course of the river, but is fed through 2 mi of pipes and tunnels which run to the station from Loch Mhòr.

When completed, the final cost of the project was nearly twice the original estimate, at £20.2 million. However, 60 percent of the increase was due to inflation, and much of the rest was due to the extremely difficult geology of the area, which lies in the shatter zone of the Great Glen Fault. The scheme proved to be the last of the schemes carried out by the North of Scotland Hydro Electric Board.

Maintenance
The low pressure tunnel from Loch Mhòr to the surge chamber is D-shaped and 23 ft in diameter. From the surge chamber, the water fills a vertical concrete shaft which is 367 ft deep and the same diameter as the low pressure tunnel. At the bottom, it turns through a right angle, and continues as a concrete tunnel with a steel lining. This then splits into two smaller tunnels, again steel lined, which taper down to 10 ft at the inlet valves for the turbines. In 2002, some of the steel lining separated from the concrete in one of the tunnels, on the final section 160 ft below the level of Loch Ness. Engineers from Kvaerner Markham of Sheffield, England cut away the damaged steelwork and fitted redesigned linings, which had to be welded in situ, before 400 anchor bolts were used to attach them to the concrete.

The generator sets at Foyers produce power at 18kV, which is stepped up to 275kV at the station, and is connected to the switching station by an underground oil-filled cable. There are two transformers, one of which was manufactured in 1982, and a second which was installed in 1991 after partial failure of the first one. By 2019, the original transformer was in need of replacement, and a decision was taken to rationalise the system, including the replacement of the oil-filled cable to the switching station, as it is the only one left in the Scottish transmission system. The proposed solution will involve building a new transformer station offline, just outside the existing power station compound.

Heritage
The main building for the aluminium smelter was probably designed by Cameron Burnett and erected in 1895-96. It consists of eight crow-stepped gables, behind which is a long shed. It has a corrugated iron roof, and the end walls are pierced by pairs of round-headed windows. Each of the eight ridges has a louvered saddle-back vent running along its length. It is a Grade A listed structure, and has been listed because the powerhouse was the first use of large scale hydroelectric power for industrial purposes in Scotland.

The dam at Loch Mhòr was built at the same time. It was made of concrete, masonry and rammed earth, and consists of two sections. The north-west wall was subsequently reinforced with additional concrete, while the control tower is crenellated, reflecting the style of the smelter. The control gear for the sluice gates is original. The intake for the original turbines consists of a D-shaped structure on the River Foyers just above the Upper Falls. It is not quite in original condition, as metal screens and railings were added in the late 20th century.

title: Falls of Foyers


text: User talk:86.130.246.69

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:86.130.246.69


text:
Talk:Champ Ferguson

Champ's Death
Champ aint dead... I hear him at night up there in the woods near the spring. bet he's makin whisky again.

In line with the above statement it should probably be noted that folklore local to the Cumberland Plateau of Middle TN indicates that Champ survived the gallows and lived on in the area from whence he came.

I'll look up the documentation on this and contribute when I can. If you are able to do so before I can, please feel free to do so.

 * You're absolutely correct, that is a very important part of the Champ Ferguson story. I'll see if I can't find some good sources to get that in there. Danthemankhan 18:04, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

Bold text== Champ Ferguson is my Great x 5 Uncle. ==

My name is DeWayne Carter, I am 16 and i live in Georgia. I have been working on a family history project for school for the past few weeks. My grandfather and I recently discovered that Champ Ferguson is my great great great great great uncle. I have the family tree and other sources as a reference. I just wanted to see if you could tell me anymore about him.

Books
Amazon has a couple of books about Champ. I've read one & just ordered the other. Thurman Sensing repeated the rumor about his escape. The Union calvary stabled their mounts in the Chapel of the Methodist Church in Sparta so he had a lot of friends here. Corruption ran rampant and he was a successful guerrilla, so he could have bought out. jacksherrell@yahoo.com —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.158.173.158 (talk) 05:01, 9 December 2006 (UTC).

Picture
Harper Weekly drawing based on can be found at   —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.83.72.154 (talk) 21:09, 18 May 2011 (UTC)

Needs editing
"He is also claimed to have stabbed a man named at a camp meeting. Evans survived." who is Evans?Owain meurig (talk) 21:29, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Citation needed
I have requested the inclusion of reliable verification that supports the article content that says Ferguson himself had claimed to killing over 100 people. I have researched this to no avail and find that it directly contradicts the statements Ferguson gave, after his conviction, to the Nashville Dispatch which were published in The New York Times where he admitted to killing at least ten people.--John Cline (talk) 14:39, 22 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Champ Ferguson


text:
Dennis Cleveland Stewart

Dennis Cleveland Stewart (July 29, 1947 – April 20, 1994) was an American actor and dancer. He was best known for his work in the films Grease (1978), and Grease 2 (1982), and Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1978).

Early life
Stewart was born in Los Angeles, California on July 29, 1947.

Career
Dennis was known for playing Leo "Craterface" Balmudo, the Scorpions' gang leader in Grease (1978), and reprised the role in Grease 2 (1982). He also appeared as a dancer in Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, highly visible in the Maxwell's Silver Hammer scene with Steve Martin.

Death
Stewart was diagnosed with HIV in 1993 and died from pneumonia as a result of complications from AIDS in 1994.

Stewart was buried at Rose Hills Memorial Park Whittier, Los Angeles County, California, USA along with his mother Evelyn M. Stewart.

title: Dennis Cleveland Stewart


text:
Gilbert W. Lindsay

Gilbert William Lindsay (November 29, 1900 – December 28, 1990) was an American politician who worked his way up from Los Angeles City Hall janitor to become the city's first black City Council member and one of its most powerful elected officials. He helped fashion downtown Los Angeles into a major metropolitan center but was accused of turning his back on the people in his district who elected him to 27 years on the city's governing body from 1963 to 1990.

Biography
Lindsay was born on November 29, 1900, in Mississippi, where he worked in the cotton fields as a youth. He left Mississippi as a teenager and enrolled in a school in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He then moved to Arizona, where he joined the Army and served in the 10th Cavalry and the 25th Infantry. As part of an Army program, he studied business administration at the University of Arizona. He moved to Los Angeles in 1923 or 1924 and became a City Hall janitor with the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. He took a civil service exam for a clerkship, and he was given a basement office because, he said, his superiors did not want him to sit with whites. He took classes in governmental administration and political science at the University of Southern California and in business administration at UCLA during the 25 years he worked for the department.

About his years as a janitor, the Los Angeles Times quoted him as saying, "I used to scrub toilets for the city of Los Angeles with a mop—that was my job [...] I had the lowest job you can give a human being." but the Los Angeles Sentinel, a black-oriented newspaper, cited C. A. (Bob) Barker, a Los Angeles businessman, as saying, "He was a helluva janitor! That was an important job for Negroes at that time. He gave the janitor's job the same respect he gave the council position. Whatever Gil was doing was very important to him."

He was known as being a short man, standing five feet, three inches tall.

Lindsay's wife, Theresa, was from Greenville, Texas. It was said that Lindsay "began to decline mentally and physically" after Theresa died in 1984; they had been married 49 years. He had a son, Melvin; a daughter, Sylvia Thornton, a stepson, Herbert Howard, and an adopted daughter, Christina Willoughby.

Public service
Lindsay became involved in Democratic and labor politics and became so influential that his bosses in Water and Power "called on him to turn out the black vote on various bond issues." He was on the board of directors of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People from 1953 to 1958 and was also an NAACP vice president. He was tapped by City Council candidate Kenneth Hahn as his aide to turn out the black vote. Hahn won and when he later became a county supervisor he appointed Lindsay as a field deputy, a job that Lindsay held for ten years, until 1963.

Appointment and elections
Lindsay became Los Angeles's first black council member at the age of 62 when, with the backing of the political Hahn brothers—Gordon and Kenneth—he was appointed to a vacant 9th District Council seat in January 1963 after Ed Roybal won election to Congress. He won election in his own right later in the year and was reelected to eight successive terms. As the years passed, he proclaimed himself the "Emperor of the Great 9th District." Lindsay's term of 27 years was surpassed only by those of John S. Gibson, Jr. (30 years), Marvin Braude, 31 years, Ernani Bernardi (32 years) and John Ferraro (35 years).

Positions
Developers. Over the years, Lindsay attracted criticism "that he was too cozy with big developers, that he favored Downtown Los Angeles and neglected the neighborhoods." He was often criticized for supporting Downtown "at the expense of the southern portion of his district." But City News Service writer Cathy Franklin said of him: "During his nearly three decades in office, the downtown area exploded into one of the premier business centers of the world."

Blue lights. Lindsay clashed "in a bitter personal exchange" with Councilman Ernani Bernardi when the latter introduced a resolution aimed at removing the blue lights that Lindsay had had installed on the rear of his city automobile. Lindsay later agreed to remove the lights but said: "The thing that disturbs me is that my colleagues equivocate over frivolous motions that amount to nothing. They gag at a gnat and swallow a camel." Morals. The 9th District councilman opined that San Fernando Valley communities would "not be having problems with topless-bottomless bars if moral levels matched those" of his Downtown Los Angeles and South L.A. district. "We have clean-minded people and a clean district," he said. "All this junk is out there where the affluent aristocrats, the holier-than-thou people live."

Council members. Interviewed by Los Angeles Times reporter Janet Clayton for an article about relationships among City Council members, Lindsay noted in 1984 that "All the council members get along fine when they need a vote. Otherwise, they can't stand each other, or I should say, don't genuinely like each other. They each have their own agenda, you know." He said he has a "simple formula" for deciding issues: "When I give my word on a vote, I haven't reneged, least not more than a half dozen times in 20 years. I vote my district, then my friends, and, what's good for me."

Skid Row. The Times noted that Lindsay, "whose district includes Skid Row, has always favored upscale commercial and residential development in the area, the last big undeveloped stretch of downtown Los Angeles." In 1987 the councilman, along with a group of business owners objected to putting more residential and treatment centers in Skid Row on the grounds they were "drawing the homeless, including the mentally ill" to an area that had "great potential for commercial growth."

Afterword
In April 1992, a Superior Court jury ruled that Juanda Chauncie, Lindsay's 40-year-old girlfriend, had taken advantage of the councilman to gain control of his money and property. The five-woman, seven-man panel ruled that Chauncie had used undue influence over him and awarded $235,000 to Lindsay's stepson and estate. Attorney Johnnie Cochran's firm represented the estate.

Illness and death
Lindsay suffered a stroke in 1989 that reduced him simply to being the "titular leader" of the 9th District, with much of the real power in the hands of Bob Gay, his chief assistant, the Downtown News reported. "On the Council floor, he has had moments of confusion, and been both humored and manipulated by the other councilmembers. Those who deal with him say that he has moments of tremendous clarity, but that he is largely removed from the day-to-day workings of the office." Lindsay had lost "some control of his hands and has had trouble writing." City Council President John Ferraro said that Lindsay had "deteriorated to the point where he was incapable of doing his job." Lindsay was sent to a hospital again when, in the midst of the excitement occasioned by a planned visit to City Hall by South African anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela, he forgot to take his diabetes medicine and collapsed.

He was brought to a hospital in Inglewood, California, where he remained until his fellow City Council members talked about removing him from his Council seat because he had been outside the Los Angeles city limits for more than 90 days. He was then transferred to "another facility within Los Angeles to make him less vulnerable to efforts to unseat him."

By then in his 28th year as a City Council member, Lindsay died in a Hollywood hospital December 28, 1990, "as a result of a long illness which began with a severe stroke in early September that left him paralyzed on the right side and unable to speak and, at the end, was complicated by a heart attack." A funeral service was held at Victory Baptist Church, and he was buried in Evergreen Cemetery. Lindsay was a member of People's Baptist Church.

Legacy

 * The Gilbert W. Lindsay Child Abuse Center at California Medical Hospital "for the councilman's contributions to the Central City community"
 * The Gilbert W. Lindsay Endowed Public Policy Forum in Forensic Science at California State University, Los Angeles
 * A $250,000, 10-foot-high-artwork by Pat Ward Williams entitled The Emperor of the Great 9th District on the Gilbert Lindsay Plaza fronting the Los Angeles Convention Center
 * Gilbert Lindsay Mall, a small plaza at the end of an alley off 2nd Street in Little Tokyo
 * Gilbert Lindsay Recreation Center, 429 East 42nd Street

title: Gilbert W. Lindsay


text:
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikipedia:Links to (disambiguation) pages (0th nomination)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Radiant_ >|< 23:50, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Links to (disambiguation) pages
What an overgrown list! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.209.137.5 (talk • contribs)
 * Delete. It floods system resources, and is somewhat redundant to Category:Disambiguation. (unsigned comment from anon). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.209.137.5 (talk • contribs)
 * Delete. Floods the system and dosen't serve any real purpose. Dan M 21:58, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Per nom. StephenJMuir 22:11, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. This is not an article. it is in the Wikipedia namespace. as such, it should be being debated on Miscellany for deletion not here. Take it there Grutness...  wha?  05:11, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep. This is a most useful project page. It is meant to avoid having disambiguation pages cluttering Orphaned Articles, since normally they are not linked from anywhere else. Without these pages Orphaned Articles would become almost useless. PLease read: Disambiguation and Links to disambiguating pages. Nabla 20:30, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as above. --Carnildo 04:29, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep useful project page. Rossami (talk) 05:58, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per Nabla. Good thing I asked him. -- Kjkolb 07:29, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep concur with Nabla. slambo 13:34, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Nabla. Xoloz 16:00, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per all above. BD2412  talk 04:24, 21 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but I wish people would quit using "speedy keep". We have no such thing. --Woohookitty 04:44, 21 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, per Nabla. Tito xd (?!?) 01:56, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Nabla. It's definitely useful, "overgrown" isn't a deletion criteria the last time I checked. ;) --Andylkl (talk) 17:38, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Abandoned Ship

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Deletion review nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was to delete text of Pokemon-related article. Keep recently created "possible replacement article" on abandoned ships in games in general, as no deletion debate occurred on that topic or content. Snowspinner 06:09, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

Abandoned Ship

 * Delete - Gamecruft. The article with this title could be something a lot more notable.--Atlantima 21:42, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - non-encyclopedic JoJan 20:15, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This afd nomination was orphaned. Listing now.  No opinion. —Cryptic (talk) 06:54, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. When List of locations in Pokémon (or more likely List of locations in Hoenn) is made, it will mention this. Probably a one-liner. In the meantime, delete this. - A Man In Black (conspire | past ops) 08:15, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, at least until List of locations in Pokémon is made we shouldn't take this away from people. Kappa 09:56, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I started List of locations in Hoenn to include this location, without bothering to use any of the nascent information contained here. Can we delete this useless cruft now? - A Man In Black (conspire | past ops) 10:05, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Is it part of the deletionist plan to drive away contributors of information they don't like by insulting their input? Kappa 10:47, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * TINC, "deletionist" or otherwise, and, again, labels like that are needlessly divisive. Frankly, I do feel this article is near-useless and certainly cruft; it isn't even notable in the context of the game in which it appears. (It's an optional dungeon with no significant items or Pokémon contained therein.) Even given that, I'd have voted to merge this article (or just closed this AFD and merged it myself) if there was any content to merge. If the author weren't an AOL anon (I checked), I'd welcome him or her to help us at the Pokémon Wikiproject, just like three other contributors that have gotten a username and joined after my invitation. Next time, try assuming good faith, please. - A Man In Black (conspire | past ops) 11:56, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Kappa, please explain how this is any less a personal attack than the one you whined about? -- Antaeus Feldspar 17:55, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't like seeing good-faith contributors driven away by insults, if that causes me to appear whiny so be it. Kappa 18:13, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I'm all for having Pokémon articles in Wikipedia, but this really isn't notable enough for its own article, especially as it is now in List of locations in Hoenn. Sonic Mew | talk to me 13:28, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect so that people looking for it will be pointed to the list. - Mgm|(talk) 15:08, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - too much pokemon stuff already! --MacRusgail 16:38, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; I'm not convinced even redirecting is worthwhile for such a generic term. — Haeleth Talk 23:56, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Recreate the article as a stub. Abandoned ships appear in dozens of video games; there's at least one in TLOZ:Wind Waker, several in the third Final Fantasy on Game Boy... —  stillnotelf   has a talk page  00:03, 23 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as to general for redirect (and because above noted lists already carry mostly non-notable information). Jtmichcock 05:43, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Podophyllotoxin

Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is the active ingredient in Podofilox, which is a medical cream that is used to treat genital warts and molluscum contagiosum. It is not recommended in HPV infections without external warts. It can be applied either by a healthcare provider or the person themselves.

It is a non-alkaloid toxin lignin extracted from the roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum species. A less refined form known as podophyllum resin is also available, but has greater side effects.

Podophyllotoxin was first isolated in pure form in 1880 by Valerian Podwyssotzki (1818 – 28 January 1892), a Polish-Russian privatdozent at the University of Dorpat (now:  Tartu, Estonia) and assistant at the Pharmacological Institute there.

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Medical uses
Podophyllotoxin possesses a large number of medical applications, as it is able to stop replication of both cellular and viral DNA by binding necessary enzymes. It can additionally destabilize microtubules and prevent cell division. Because of these interactions it is considered an antimitotic drug, although modern medicine instead use less orally toxic derivatives when such effect is wanted.

Podophyllotoxin cream is commonly prescribed as a potent topical antiviral. It is used for the treatment of HPV infections with external warts as well as molluscum contagisum infections. 0.5% PPT cream is prescribed for twice daily applications for 3 days followed by 4 days with no application, this weekly cycle is repeated for 4 weeks. It can also be prescribed as a gel, as opposed to cream. PPT is also sold under the names condyline and warticon.

Adverse effects
The most common side effects of podophyllotoxin cream are typically limited to irritation of tissue surrounding the application site, including burning, redness, pain, itching, swelling. Application can be immediately followed by burning or itching. Small sores, itching and peeling skin can also follow, for these reasons it is recommended that application be done in a way that limits contact with surrounding, uninfected tissue

Neither podophyllin resin nor podophyllotoxin lotions or gels are used during pregnancy because these medications have been shown to be embryotoxic in both mice and rats. Additionally, antimitotic agents are not typically recommended during pregnancy. Additionally, it has not been determined if podophyllotoxin can pass into breast milk from topical applications and therefore it is not recommended for breastfeeding women.

Podophyllotoxin cream is safe for topical use; however, it can cause CNS depression as well as enteritis if ingested. The podophyllum resin from which podophyllotoxin is derived has the same effect.

Mechanism of action
Podophyllotoxin destabilizes microtubules by binding tubulin and thus preventing cell division. In contrast, some of its derivatives display binding activity to the enzyme topoisomerase II (Topo II) during the late S and early G2 stage. For instance, etoposide binds and stabilizes the temporary DNA break caused by the enzyme, disrupts the reparation of the break through which the double-stranded DNA passes, and consequently stops DNA unwinding and replication. Mutants resistant to either podophyllotoxin, or to its topoisomerase II inhibitory derivatives such as etoposide (VP-16), have been described in Chinese hamster cells. The mutually exclusive cross-resistance patterns of these mutants provide a highly specific means to distinguish the two kinds of podophyllotoxin derivatives. Mutant Chinese hamster cells resistant to podophyllotoxin are affected in a protein P1 that was later identified as the mammalian HSP60 or chaperonin protein.

Furthermore, podophyllotoxin is classified as an arytetralin lignan for its ability to bind and deactivate DNA. It and its derivates bind Topo II and prevent its ability to catalyze rejoining of DNA that has been broken for replication. Lastly, experimental evidence has shown that these arytetralin lignans can interact with cellular factors to create chemical DNA adducts, thus further deactivating DNA.

Structural characteristic
The structure of podophyllotoxin was first elucidated in the 1930s. Podophyllotoxin bears four consecutive chiral centers, labelled C-1 through C-4 in the following image. The molecule also contains four almost planar fused rings. The podophyllotoxin molecule includes a number of oxygen containing functional groups: an alcohol, a lactone, three methoxy groups, and an acetal.

Derivatives of podophyllotoxin are synthesized as properties of the rings and carbon 1 through 4 are diversified. For example, ring A is not essential to antimitotic activity. Aromatization of ring C leads to loss of activity, possibly from ring E no longer being placed on the axial position. In addition, the stereochemistry at C-2 and C-3 configures a trans-lactone, which has more activity than the cis counterpart. Chirality at C-1 is also important as it implies an axial position for ring E.

Biosynthesis
The biosynthetic route of podophyllotoxin was not completely eludicidated for many years; however, in September 2015, the identity of the six missing enzymes in podophyllotoxin biosynthesis were reported for the first time. Several prior studies have suggested a common pathway starting from coniferyl alcohol being converted to (+)-pinoresinol in the presence of a one-electron oxidant through dimerization of stereospecific radical intermediate. Pinoresinol is subsequently reduced in the presence of co-factor NADPH to first lariciresinol, and ultimately secoisolariciresinol. Lactonization on secoisolariciresinol gives rise to matairesinol. Secoisolariciresinol is assumed to be converted to yatein through appropriate quinomethane intermediates, leading to podophyllotoxin.

A sequence of enzymes involved has been reported to be dirigent protein (DIR), to convert coniferyl alcohol to (+)-pinocresol, which is converted by pinocresol-lariciresinol reductase (PLR) to (-)-secoisolariciresinol, which is converted by sericoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase (SDH) to (-)-matairesinol, which is converted by CYP719A23 to (-)-pluviatolide, which is likely converted by Phex13114 (OMT1) to (-)-yatein, which is converted by Phex30848 (2-ODD) to (-)-deoxypodophyllotoxin. Though not proceeding through the last step of producing podophyllotoxin itself, a combination of six genes from the mayapple enabled production of the etoposide aglycone in tobacco plants.

Chemical synthesis
Podophyllotoxin has been successfully synthesized in a laboratory; however, synthesis mechanisms require many steps, resulting in a low overall yield. It therefore remains more efficient to obtain podophyllotoxin from natural sources.

Four routes have been used to synthesize podophyllotoxin with varying success: an oxo ester route, lactonization of a dihydroxy acid, cyclization of a conjugate addition product, and a Diels-Alder reaction.

Derivatives
Podophyllotoxin and its derivatives are used as cathartic, purgative, antiviral agent, vesicant, antihelminthic, and antitumor agents. Podophyllotoxin derived antitumor agents include etoposide and teniposide. These drugs have been successfully used in therapy against numerous cancers including testicular, breast, pancreatic, lung, stomach, and ovarian cancers.

Natural abundance
Podophyllotoxin is present at concentrations of 0.3% to 1.0% by mass in the rhizome of the American mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum). Another common source is the rhizome of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum Royle (Berberidaceae).

It is biosynthesized from two molecules of coniferyl alcohol by phenolic oxidative coupling and a series of oxidations, reductions and methylations.

title: Podophyllotoxin


text:
User talk:Quberoot

Jeb Bush
Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed or reverted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 21:42, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

My mistake, for which I apologise. I was overhasty, and thought that you had added the vandalism, whereas you'd simply edited the article without noticing and removing it. Sorry again (though I'm still unsure why you removed the correct formatting from the date). --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 20:41, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Tom Gallagher
Please see comments on the Gallagher talk page regarding edits on the 28th. Thanks--Flawiki 03:38, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Quberoot


text:
Marder

Marder may refer to:

German military vehicles

 * A series of World War II tank destroyers:
 * Marder I
 * Marder II
 * Marder III
 * Marder (IFV), a modern infantry fighting vehicle
 * Marder (submarine), a World War II midget submarine

People with the surname

 * Arthur Marder (1910–1980), American historian
 * Barry Marder, American stand-up comedian
 * Darius Marder, American film director and screenwriter
 * Eve Marder, American neuroscientist
 * Janet Marder, American female rabbi
 * Larry Marder, American cartoonist
 * Malerie Marder, American photographer
 * Marlene Marder, Swiss guitarist
 * Maureen Marder, exotic dancer and welder whose life was the basis of Flashdance
 * Michael Marder, Basque contemporary philosopher
 * Rebecca Marder, French actress
 * Seth Marder, American chemist
 * Steven Marder, dotcom executive

Other uses

 * Marder (Zoids), a zoid from Zoids

title: Marder


text:
Akita Station

Akita Station (秋田駅) is a junction railway station in the city of Akita, Akita Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

Lines
Akita Station is the northern terminus of the Akita Shinkansen, and is 127.3 kilometers from Morioka and 662.6 kilometers from Tokyo. The station is also the northern terminus of the Uetsu Main Line and is 298.7 kilometers from the starting point of that line at Niitsu and is also a station on Ōu Main Line. Most trains on the Oga Line continue past the nominal southern terminal of that line at Oiwake to terminate at Akita Station.

Shinkansen

 * Komachi (Tokyo–Akita)

Limited Express

 * Tsugaru (Akita–Aomori)
 * Inaho (Niigata–Sakata–Akita)

Station layout
The station is an elevated station, consisting of four island platforms serving eight tracks for regular trains, and two bay platforms for the Akita Shinkansen. The station has a "Midori no Madoguchi" staffed ticket office and a View Plaza travel agency.

History
Akita Station opened on 21 October 1902. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987. The station's building was renovated in 1997.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2018, the station was used by an average of 10,733 passengers daily (boarding passengers only). The passenger figures for previous years are as shown below.

Surrounding area

 * Akita Station building "Topico" (department store near the west entrance)
 * Akita Northern Gate Square
 * Akitaekimae post office
 * AL☆Ve (shopping/hotel complex near the east entrance)
 * Kanto festival (five-minute walk from the west entrance)
 * Senshu park

Long-distance buses

 * For Yokote Station, Jūmonji, Yuzawa Station
 * For Noshiro Station
 * Senshu; For Sendai Station (Miyagi)
 * Flora; For Shinjuku Station
 * Dream Akita/Yokohama; For Tokyo Station and Yokohama Station

title: Akita Station


text: Category:Theatre in Nigeria

title: Category:Theatre in Nigeria


text:
Mérida cable car

The Mérida Cable Car (Teleférico de Mérida) is a cable car system in Venezuela. Its base is located in the Venezuelan city of Mérida at an altitude of 1577 m, and its terminus is on Pico Espejo, at 4765 m. It is the highest and second longest cable car in the world. The system was opened to the public in 1960, and closed in 2008 for reconstruction. In October 2016, a new regular service was inaugurated.

Structure
The Mérida Cable Car comprises four cable cars connected serially, covering 12.5 km over rugged terrain between the city of Mérida and the Espejo Peak.

Each section of the route has two lanes, and in each lane, there is a cable car that can transport 36 passengers. The cable car moves at a velocity of 5 m/s thanks to the suspended cable that was run by an engine. There are two different engines: the first is in the La Montaña station which serves to the section between that station and the La Aguada station. The other one is located in the Loma Redonda station and serves the rest of the section

History and administration
The system emerged from the former Venezuelan Andean Club (Club Andino Venezolano) project in 1952. Its purpose was to make it easier to ascend to the Sierra Nevada de Mérida. The idea was approved by the government. In 1955, the design was approved and construction started. In December 1956, the route towards the mountains was marked.

On November 8, 1957, the first car of the Loading System arrived at La Aguada, overcoming the natural barriers of the Andean forests. The system opened to the public in March 1960.

The cable car itself was built in France by 25 different companies, hired by the enterprise Applevage, a specialist in cable cars. Other foreign companies assumed specialized tasks: Eggeca was in charge of the civil works, Egecom was in charge of the metal structures, and Sucre-Barret was responsible for essential duties. The first three sections of the loading cable car were built by the German company Heckel and the last by the Swiss company Habegger.

The director of the works was Maurice Comte from France. Most of the work was performed by workers from Mérida state. Technicians and engineers came from many foreign countries, including Poland, Yugoslavia, Colombia and Haiti. The international contribution was evident until its closure in 2008, as operators would often speak in French rather than Spanish.

Closure and reconstruction
On August 11, 2008, the Venezuelan Ministry of Tourism announced that there would be an indefinite closure of the cable car service to the general public. A report made by The Doppelmayr Group recommended no further repairs to the existing aerial tramway system since it had reached the end of its service life. The construction of a brand new cable car system was announced, with a projected opening date in 2012, which was subsequently delayed. In October 2016, the new cable car was opened to the public.

title: Mérida cable car


text:
Talk:Love Me

Disambiguation
I've just added a link to Love Me (book), which doesn't exist at this time. If and when that article is written, I would propose moving this article to Love Me (song) and making this a disambiguation page. -- Super Aardvark 21:44, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Tony Robinson
Link is to Tony Robinson the actor - Tony Robinson the hip hop producer is a different guy

Ta

title: Talk:Love Me


text:
Cap (crown)

The cap of a crown is the cap which fills the inner space of a modern crown. While ancient crowns contained no cap, from mediaeval times it became traditional to fill the circlet with a cap of velvet or other such cloth, with a base of ermine.

title: Cap (crown)


text:
Talk:Far Rainbow

It is not written that Sklyarov and Turchina were participating in watching a team of null-T-testers. The null-T testers appeared during the conversation of Gorbosvky and Camill (that happened after Gorbovsky slept for a while). --- Misha Stepanov

 * And just how much importance this detail plays to the plot in general? --Koveras 11:48, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * If this detail is not important, then it is better to write nothing than provide inaccurate information. --- Misha Stepanov 07:05, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Repeated Translation
The English translation is referred to as "repeated". What is that supposed to mean? -- Schewek (talk) 16:24, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

Baker's Dozen or Devil's Dozen?
This article states that Camill was the last remaining of the Baker's Dozen, but in this article this group is called the Devil's Dozen. Could someone verify that and correct the wrong version - I think the correct name is "the Devil's Dozen", but I never read English version of this book, so I prefer to leave that to someone who has source text. Lord Ya (talk) 14:26, 11 March 2012 (UTC)

Being a native Russian speaker, I can inform you that the Devil's Dozen (чёртова дюжина) in Russian means absolutely the same as the Baker's Dozen in English, i.e. thirteen. Nothing's devilish in Camill... almost nothing, to be true. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.243.99.35 (talk) 18:16, 9 July 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Far Rainbow


text:
ACTEW

ACTEW may refer to:

 * ActewAGL, utility company in the Australian Capital Territory
 * Icon Water, formerly Actew Corporation, water company in the Australian Capital Territory

title: ACTEW


text:
Sandringham Hotel, Newtown

The Sandringham Hotel, 387–391 King Street, locally known as The Sando, was a pub in the Inner West suburb of Newtown in Sydney, Australia.

History
The pub first opened in 1870 and has a long history including being the spiritual home to several of Sydney's bands, including Frenzal Rhomb, Bughouse, and The Whitlams.

Before renovations in the late 1990s, the pub had a unique layout. The bar had an art-deco theme and was essentially a large square in the middle of the pub. It was possible to sit at the bar and watch the band on the other side of the bar in the corner. The front-middle stage used to jut into one corner of the square bar allowing performers to rest their beer on the bar at the front of the stage. Between 1980 and 1998 the pub was a thriving live music venue, at one point (1985-1998) hosting live music seven nights a week and "operating as a gateway to the wider inner Sydney pub rock scene".

Following further renovations, the pub was bought in 2005 by music promoter Tony Townsend, who intended to revitalize the Sando as a live music venue. In June 2012, the Sandringham Hotel was placed in receivership with management owing a reported $3.6 million to creditors. The impending closure of the popular venue caused fans to mobilise a rally to "Save The Sando" on 26 August. The event was publicly supported by musicians Angry Anderson and Tim Freedman and saw an estimated 3000 supporters gather on King Street outside the pub while the former frontman of The Angels, Doc Neeson played to the crowd.

The Newtown Social Club
In October of the same year, The Sando was purchased by the owners of popular Melbourne rock venue The Corner Hotel and renamed The Newtown Social Club. The band room upstairs reopened in May 2014 with an audience capacity of 300, hosting live acts several nights per week.

Holey Moley
In July 2017, the Sandringham reopened as Holey Moley, a cocktail bar and 18-hole miniature-golf course. A spokesman for developers Funlab said the new venue would give punters much "good content for Instagram".

Popular culture

 * In 1997, Australian band The Whitlams wrote a song about the pub, "God Drinks at The Sando". It appeared on their 1999 album Love This City.
 * In 2002, Australian singer/songwriter Jodi Martin recorded her live album, Twenty One Stairs (Recorded Live at The Sando), at the pub.

title: Sandringham Hotel, Newtown


text:
Arved Fuchs

Arved Fuchs (born 26 April 1953) is a German polar explorer and writer.

Polar exploration
On 30 December 1989, Fuchs and Reinhold Messner were the first to reach the South Pole with neither animal nor motorised help, using skis and a parasail. That made him the first person to reach both poles by foot within one year.

Many of his expeditions have taken place on the water, such as his failed attempt to sail around the North Pole on a traditional sailing boat (1991–1994). This boat, Dagmar Aaen, is still used by Fuchs on his current expeditions.

In 2000, Fuchs led an expedition to recreate Ernest Shackleton's desperate sea journey in the James Caird from Elephant Island to South Georgia, and the subsequent land crossing of that island.

Recognition
In October 2017, Fuchs was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for his merits to the protection of the environment.

title: Arved Fuchs


text:
User:Francisco Valverde

 * El Sol (Madrid)
 * American Zeitgeist
 * 35725 Tramuntana
 * Serra de Tramuntana
 * Manuel Aznar Acedo
 * José Luis Sáenz de Heredia
 * Franco, ese hombre
 * Aleksandr Grigorevich Sharov
 * Minorcan Giant Lagomorph
 * Gymnesian Islands
 * Ana Belen
 * FAES
 * Holiday stamp
 * Gervaise
 * Thebaid (Greek poem)
 * Caudillo (movie)
 * Alfred Leete
 * Ana Botella
 * Adelphailurus
 * Castle of Santa Águeda
 * Ra'îs of Manûrqa
 * Abû 'Umar ibn Sa'îd
 * Abû 'Uthmân Sa'îd ibn Hakam al Qurashi
 * Manûrqa
 * Nass Marrakech
 * Sintir
 * Krakebs

Testing Grounds

title: User:Francisco Valverde


text:
Category:Politics of Pennsylvania

Articles and categories related to the politics of Pennsylvania

See also: Category:Government of Pennsylvania

title: Category:Politics of Pennsylvania


text:
Talk:Antaeus (band)

Fair use rationale for Image:Antaeus cyfaws.jpg
Image:Antaeus cyfaws.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 20:08, 31 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Just added a rationale for the image (was not the original uploader, but it is widely available on the web). Hervegirod 21:40, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Antaeus (band)


text:
Higashi-Noshiro Station

Higashi-Noshiro Station (東能代駅) is a junction railway station in the city of Noshiro, Akita, Japan operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). The station is also a freight depot for the Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight)

Lines
Higashi-Noshiro is served by the Ōu Main Line and Gonō Line. It is located 355.4 km from the terminus of the Ōu Main Line at Fukushima, and it is the southern terminus of the 147.2 kilometer Gonō Line.

Station layout
The station consists of one side platform and one island platform, connected to the station building by a footbridge. The station has automated ticket machines, Suica automated turnstiles as well as a Midori no Madoguchi staffed ticket office.

History
The station opened on November 1, 1901 as Noshiro Station (能代駅). It was renamed Hataori Station (機織駅) on November 1, 1909, and renamed Higashi-Noshiro Station on June 15, 1943. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987, the station came under the control of JR East.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2018, the station was used by an average of 500 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

title: Higashi-Noshiro Station


text: User talk:71.96.139.168

title: User talk:71.96.139.168


text: User talk:68.80.66.20

title: User talk:68.80.66.20


text:
2004 IAAF Golden League

The 2004 IAAF Golden League was a series of track and field meetings organised by the International Association of Athletics Federations.

Originally taking place in Oslo, Rome, Monaco, Zürich, Brussels and Berlin, the Bislett Games was temporarily moved from Oslo to Fana (Bergen) due to the redevelopment of the Bislett stadion. The athletes (in selected events) who won their event at all six meetings took a share of a $1 million jackpot.

2004 results

 * Golden background indicates selected Golden League event.

title: 2004 IAAF Golden League


text: User talk:84.84.36.139

title: User talk:84.84.36.139


text:
Kawabe Station (Aomori)

Kawabe Station (川部駅) is a railway station on the Ōu Main Line and Gonō Line in the village of Inakadate, Aomori Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

Lines
Kawabe Station is served by the Ōu Main Line, and is 453.4 kilometers from the southern terminus of the line at Fukushima. It is also the northern terminal station for the Gonō Line.

Station layout
Kawabe Station has two ground level island platforms, serving three tracks, connected to the station building by a footbridge. The station will be unmanned from March 18, 2023. A fourth track has not been in use since April 1, 1998 with the discontinuation of the Kuroishi Line.

History
Kawabe Station opened on December 1, 1894 as a station on the Japanese Government Railways, the predecessor to the Japanese National Railways (JNR) on the Ōu Northern Line. From August 15, 1912, a spur line opened to Kuroishi, and from September 25, 1918, the Mutsu Railway (present-day Gonō Line) began operations from Kawabe Station. On November 1, 1984, operations on the Kuroishi Line were transferred from JNR to the Konan Railway. All freight operations were discontinued from April 1987. With the privatization of JNR on April 1, 1987, it came under the operational control of JR East. The Kuroishi Line ceased operations from April 1, 1998.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2018, the station was used by an average of 285 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

Surrounding area

 * Kawabe-Izumi Post office

Bus services
Kōnan Bus services for Kuroishi Station via Maeda-Yashiki.

title: Kawabe Station (Aomori)


text:
Anguilla Progressive Party

The Anguilla Progressive Party (APP) is a political party in Anguilla. The APP took part in the 2005 and 2010 Anguilla general election.

In 2005, Brent Davis ran as the leader of the APP. Although the party did not win any seats, they won 8.92% of the total vote.

Brent Davis also ran in 2010, during which the APP managed to obtain one seat by receiving 53.46% of the votes in the Sandy Hill District and 14.71% of the total votes.

title: Anguilla Progressive Party


text: User talk:70.16.207.220

title: User talk:70.16.207.220


text:
Portal:Speculative fiction/Genres

 * Speculative fiction
 * Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
 * Alternate history
 * Biblical speculative fiction
 * Fairy tale
 * Fantasy
 * Gothic fiction
 * Horror fiction
 * Invasion literature
 * Lost World
 * Magic realism
 * Paranormal romance
 * Science Fantasy
 * Science fiction
 * Slipstream
 * Space opera
 * Supernatural fiction
 * Utopian and dystopian fiction
 * Weird fiction
 * Weird West
 * Writers of:
 * Alternate history
 * Fantasy
 * Horror
 * Science fiction

title: Portal:Speculative fiction/Genres


text:
File:TWOSAT.jpg

Summary
The Wizard of Speed and Time movie poster

title: File:TWOSAT.jpg


text: Category:National Wildlife Refuges in Nevada


text:
Chubb

Chubb may refer to:

People

 * Chubb (surname), a list of people with the surname
 * Timothy O'Connor (Irish politician) (1906–1986), Irish politician nicknamed "Chubb"
 * Chubb Rock (born 1968), American rapper Richard Simpson

Companies

 * Chubb Limited, an American insurance company
 * Chubb Locks, a British lock and security company
 * Chubb Fire & Security, a worldwide operating business specialised in asset protection & life safety

Other uses

 * Chubb Crater, a meteor crater in Quebec
 * Chubb detector lock, a re-locking device which indicates tampering
 * Squalius cephalus or chubb, a European river fish
 * HMS Chubb, several ships

title: Chubb


text:
Enmore Theatre

The Enmore Theatre is a theatre and entertainment venue in Enmore, New South Wales, Australia.

It was built in 1908. It is located at 118–132 Enmore Road in Newtown, in the inner west of Sydney's suburbs. It was first opened in 1912 as a photo-play theatre. It was run by a well-known theatre family at the time, the Szarka Brothers.

Today's Enmore Theatre is the longest running live theatre in Sydney, hosting concerts, comedians, plays and all forms of performance. The theatre is considered a medium-sized venue that holds 1,700 people when fully seated and 2,500 when seats are removed, and all attendees are standing. It has hosted many international bands including a performance by Bob Dylan.

The venue's Inter-war Art Deco style, dating from its 1937 remodelling by Charles Bohringer, is protected by its listing as a local heritage item by Inner West Council. The Enmore theatre has had many renovations and shifts of ownership. Today it is owned by Century Venues and has hosted a range of arts from photographic, performing arts, music and motion picture.

The theatre's listing in the Office of Environment and Heritage states that the building "illustrates the development of suburban theatres in the late 1930s and early 1940s and is of social significance for the local community.″ It is the only theatre in Sydney from the Art Deco movement in its original condition. From cinema use to concerts, today it is used for various reasons.

History
Opened in 1912, the theatre was first used as a photo-play theatre that screened silent movies, this was accompanied by a concert orchestra. Patrons could attend silent movies for between three and six pennies.

The venue was run by brothers William and George Szarka. William Szarka, also known as Bill, was an elected member of the local council from 1914 to 1928. He crowned himself "King of Newtown" on stage at the Enmore theatre in the style of a pageant, complete with pageboys and regal robes. He was also a boxing promoter and businessman. Together the brothers also ran the Olympia Stadium in nearby Marrickville.

The two brothers rejuvenated the cinema. In 1920, the pair extensively renovated the theatre, before it was opened by premier John Storey on 1 July in the same year. Theatre architects Kaberry and Chard carried out the renovations in the Inter-war Spanish Mission style. The Sydney Morning Herald reported the cost of this was 24,000 pounds. In 1920 it was reported that the bill would be changed twice a week on Mondays and Fridays.

In 1926, the Szarka brothers joined the Hoyts cinema chain. 1928 saw the arrival of talking pictures which created a massive surge in cinema attendance. Hoyts cinema chain purchased the venue from the Szarka brothers in 1936. The brothers' company, Szarka Bros Ltd, was liquidated in 1936. In 1937, Hoyts Theatres Limited undertook an extensive construction programme across their suburban theatres, including the complete rebuilding of the Enmore Theatre. The theatre was expanded and completed redesigned in the Art Deco style by prominent theatre architect, Charles Bohringer & Associates, with J. Marron as the builder.

The cinema was closed in 1967 and was reopened in 1969, when it was purchased by the Louis Film Company. The family owned business, adapted and controlled the theatre privately, screening only Greek Films. The venue's name was changed to Finos Theatre. This was popular in an area where 13% of the Greek population lived. The 1980s saw a decline in use of theatres across Sydney, with many theatres closing down. The Australian Elizabethan Theatre Trust took control of the theatre and began renovations. Half a million dollars was spent restoring and extending the venue, once again allowing the venue to host live performances. Unlike other cinemas which were demolished due to the Sydney pro-development movement, the Enmore Theatre was reopened in 1985 with its original name. The Fink family became the sole owner of Hoyts in 1985 and expanded its operations into distribution and home entertainment. The experience of cinema was changing.

In 1991, the Showcall Pty ltd began running the theatre and exceeded $2 million in expenditure to redesign the venue and provide additional space. The popularity of the Enmore Theatre is closely linked with the contemporary development of Newtown as an arts and entertainment hub. The Federal Government in 1992 requested the Australian Broadcasting Authority to begin trials of community television. There was less demand for cinema, and more demand for live entertainment and performances within spaces like the Enmore Theatre.

On 3 March 2022, during a sold-out show by Genesis Owusu, the dance floor collapsed two songs into his set. The concert was halted and rescheduled. No one was injured and the venue confirmed the following day that the floor was repaired and all scheduled shows would still continue.

Events
A list of some of the more famous musical acts that have performed at the Enmore Theatre

One of its earlier notable events is that the venue hosted several Miss Globe pageants during the 1950s and 1960s. Other performances and shows include Rockwiz, screening the 2018 FIFA World Cup, Comedy Festival 2016, Tuesday Comedy Club Nights, Mardi Gras Parties, Miss Pole Dance Australia, Wogs at Work, The Pink Floyd Experience, My Favourite Murder. Comedy performances include Tom Gleeson, Matt Okine, Kitty Flanagan, Miranda Sings, Daniel Tosh, Merrick and Rosso, Rove McManus and Lano and Woodley.The Enmore Theatre is also becoming known as a major space for children's entertainment featuring acts such as The Wiggles, Justine Clarke, The Fairies, & Lah-Lah.

Australian musician, Steve Balbi, describes the Enmore Theatre as having a "certain prestige...that's kind of a little bit like the Sydney Cricket Ground, not at an arena level but at a theatre level. It's beautiful, it's about music, it's about performance."

In 2020, due to the Global pandemic of COVID-19, and the forced temporary shut down of all venues in Australia, the Enmore Theatre had to cancel and reschedule many performances.

Community use
The late 20th century saw the local community of Enmore and Newtown become more active in community activism and independent thinking. The Enmore Theatre is therefore not just used for performance purposes. It has previously and is today been used by the local community. In 2015, the local community attended a meeting that proposed the plans for the WestConnex development proposals The local community of the Marrickville, Enmore and Newtown suburbs strongly rejected the proposals actioned by the local and state government. The Enmore Theatre often also supports the local community through hosting local acts and performances. An example of this was in 2014 the Enmore Theatre hosted the event 'Rock the Gate.' This was to raise money in support of protecting farmlands from fracking as well as unconventional gas mining.

In terms of location, the closest train station is Newtown Station, the theatre is within 5 minutes walking distance. Parking is limited in the area. Patrons can, however, book a parking spot to ensure they will have a place to park their vehicle. There are many buses from the CBD to Newtown and Enmore. It is surrounded by cafes, restaurants and bars. There are public toilets on site at the Theatre and it is air conditioned. Inside the venue is three licensed bars. It has confectionary items, snacks, soft drinks and alcohol. There is a cloakroom that charges $3 per item. Condition of entry requires patrons to put large bags or backpacks in the cloakroom. Smoking within the venue is not permitted. For those who wish to collect or purchases tickets at the venue, the Box Office opens 2 hours prior to any performance.

Architecture
1920 Enmore Theatre was originally designed by architects, Kaberry & Chard, in the Spanish Mission Style. The Art Deco design of the Enmore Theatre is the work of prominent theatre architect, Charles Bohringer, who was responsible for the designs of a large number of theatres around Sydney.

The Enmore Theatre has been described as "Art Nouveau, Edwardian, Art Moderne and various Art Deco." It is predominantly modern, with aspects of late 19th century and early 20th century architecture. Tropman & Tropman architects completed the most recent heritage study review, acknowledging that the "building is of rendered masonry with a raised parapet and Art Deco motif above the wide, multi-lead doorway." The entrance has pressed metal lining and the doors are made of timber, with glass insertions and brass detailing. The most recent assessment of condition was done in 2001, the local government recorded that the building appeared to be in reasonable condition, with some cracking within the paintwork. The building is classified by the national trust and is registered in the historic buildings of the Australian Institute of Architects.

title: Enmore Theatre


text: User talk:204.83.156.28

title: User talk:204.83.156.28


text:
Talk:Spice Girls/to do

 * Justify. After two peer reviews, I have come to the conclusion that a to do list would be preferable since I am approaching the finish line for editing this article. The to do list will hopefully complete the task of making this article a FA.

 * --Winnermario 21:55, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Move sales minutiae to individual song and album articles. Replace the info in the main article with general sales info (like "the album was the top seller in Britain that year") and back up every piece of sales information with sources adavidw 17:24, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Build a "References" section with a list of every source used in the article as per WP:CITE. adavidw 22:27, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Now that the references are there, clean up "References" section to make every entry a proper citation as per WP:CITE. adavidw 23:59, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Archive this talk page! It's massive!

 * Add inline citations to "Future" subsection.

 * Convert "Career records and achievements" from listy format to fluent, cohesive prose (listy formats fail criterion 1. a. of "What is a featured article?") which ties the section together. Also, the section needs a summarising introduction.

 * Add magazine articles from Emma/Melanie C regaurding reunion

title: Talk:Spice Girls/to do


text: Category:Politics of Texas

title: Category:Politics of Texas


text:
Fancheng, Xiangyang

Fancheng is a district of the city of Xiangyang, Hubei, People's Republic of China.

History
Fancheng, or Fan City, was an ancient city in Hubei, situated on the northern side of the Han River, opposite Xiangyang on the southern side of the river. Throughout history, the city has served both military and economic purposes and was famous for numerous battles including the Battle of Fancheng during the Three Kingdoms period and the Siege of Xiangyang during the Mongol invasions.

In 1949, Fancheng was merged with Xiangyang to form Xiangfan, a prefecture-level city. Fancheng is now a district of that city, encompassing 482.2 km2 and having a population of 821,531, according to a 2010 census.

Administrative divisions
Subdistricts:
 * Hanjiang Subdistrict, Wangzhai Subdistrict , Zhongyuan Subdistrict , Dingzhongmen Subdistrict , Qinghekou Subdistrict , Pingxiangmen Subdistrict , Migong Subdistrict , Shipu Subdistrict , Zizhen Subdistrict , Qilihe Subdistrict , Dongfeng Subdistrict

Towns:
 * Niushou, Taipingdian , Tuanshan , Mizhuang

title: Fancheng, Xiangyang


text:
Portal:Speculative fiction/News

 * August 25: The first human to walk on the moon, American astronaut Neil Armstrong, dies at 82.
 * August 23: American author, editor, and folklorist Josepha Sherman dies at 65.
 * August 23: American puppeteer Jerry Nelson, best known for his work with The Muppets and Sesame Street, dies at 78.
 * August 17: Scottish writer Ken MacLeod is named writer-in-residence at Edinburgh Napier University.
 * August 15: American science fiction author Harry Harrison, best known for his Stainless Steel Rat series, dies at 87.
 * August 14: American actor Ron Palillo, whose genre worked included an appearance in Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives and voicing the lead character in Rubik, the Amazing Cube, dies at 63.
 * August 13: The winners of the English-language 2012 Prix Aurora Awards, including WWW: Wonder by Robert J. Sawyer, are announced.
 * August 12: American author Adam Niswander dies at 66.
 * August 10: Italian special effects master Carlo Rambaldi, known for his Oscar-winning work on E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial and Alien, dies at 86.
 * August 9: American film director Mel Stuart, known in the genre for directing the 1971 Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, dies at 83.
 * August 8: The nominees for the 2012 World Fantasy Awards are announced.
 * August 6: American composer Marvin Hamlisch, whose genre works include The Spy Who Loved Me and D.A.R.Y.L., dies at 68.
 * August 6: Betty Ballantine donates a large collection of vintage books to Columbia University Libraries Rare Book & Manuscript Library.
 * August 6: The Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art officially transfers its assets to the Society of Illustrators.

Past news archive Main sources include: Box Office Mojo, Internet Speculative Fiction Database, SF Scope, and Slice of SciFi, with other sources used on occasion.

title: Portal:Speculative fiction/News


text:
Burman University

Burman University is an independent publicly funded university located in Lacombe, Alberta, Canada. It is sponsored by the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Canada. It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system. By date of founding, it is the oldest university in Alberta. The school's official mission statement is to educate learners to think with discernment, to believe with insight and commitment and to act with confidence, compassion, and competence. The university places emphasis on service in local and global communities.

Campus

Burman University is located in Lacombe, Alberta, on top of a hill overlooking Barnett Lake. Lacombe is located less than half an hour away from Red Deer, an hour away from Edmonton, and an hour and a half away from Calgary.

The campus consists of 17 buildings. These buildings include the administration building, the College Heights Seventh-day Adventist Church, the College Heights Christian School (for K-9 students), Parkview Adventist Academy (for grade 10-12 students), the Chan Shun Science Centre, West Hall (arts, English, and music), the McKibbin Centre (education), the Physical Education centre, and a few other buildings.

Burman operates four residences for students. Lakeview Hall and Maple Hall are co-educational dormitories; men and women live on opposite wings of each dorm. Lakeview is for first and second year students; Maple Hall is for third and fourth year students. Riverton Hall is a co-educational dormitory for third and fourth year students; Riverton has suites instead of dorm rooms, and is divided into gender-specific halls. Redstone is an honour house for older female students.

Academics
Burman University is accredited by the Adventist Accrediting Association. The Province of Alberta, through the Minister of Advanced Education, grants Burman University the right to award degrees; programs offered at Burman University are approved by the Campus Alberta Quality Council. Burman University is owned and operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Canada.

Burman employs 35 full-time faculty, and 41 Ph.D. faculty overall. Burman's students come from 37 countries, and Burman boasts a 13:1 student-to-professor ratio.

School of Education
Burman's school of education is one of the oldest programs at Burman. Initially beginning as a four-year degree offered through Union College, Burman began awarding the Bachelor of Education under its own charter once approval was granted by the Province of Alberta in 2004. Burman currently awards the Bachelor of Education with majors in Elementary or Secondary education, with specializations in biology, business, English, mathematics, music, religious studies, and social studies; and additional minors in art, chemistry, French, physical education, and physical science, as well as minors in all of the previously named specializations. In 2017, 29% of Burman graduates received a Bachelor of Education degree, making the School of Education one of the largest programs at Burman. The school of education is currently led by Chloe Weir.

School of Business
Burman has a school of business which offers the Bachelor of Business Administration, with tracks in accounting, human resource management, international business, and management. Burman's school of business also offers a three-year business degree as a Bachelor of Arts, without a speciality track; as well as a minor.

Other programs
Burman's other programs are divided into a Division of Arts and a Division of Science, which lead to various majors and minors for the Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Arts degrees. A few departments are notable enough to have their own chairs: these include Music (which offers a Bachelor of Music degree), English, Religious Studies, Biology, Psychology, Outward Pursuits, and Wellness; each of these departments offers a major in their field.

Affiliations
Burman has articulated program agreements with a few Seventh-day Adventist universities, which allow students to begin programs at Burman and finish them at the other university. Burman offers a Bachelor of Social Work from La Sierra University, and also offers an Extended Campus Program from La Sierra University during the summer. Burman also offers a Master of International Development Administration from Andrews University. In 2019, Burman began an articulated program agreement with Kettering College, allowing Burman to offer the first three semesters of Kettering's Bachelor of Nursing program.

Burman also has an articulated program agreement with Red Deer College, which allows students from RDC to transfer into Burman's Business, Education, and Music programs.

Burman, like all Adventist colleges and universities, allows its students to attend other Adventist universities in France, Austria, Spain, Argentina, Italy, and Germany for a year through the Adventist Colleges Abroad program, in pursuit of a learning a second language.

Parkview Adventist Academy (10-12) and College Heights Christian School (K-9) operate on the campus of Burman University. While they have separate administrative structures, they share many of Burman's facilities. Additionally, Burman's education students are involved at each school, for observation and practicum.

Student life
The Burman University Student Association (BUSA) is the student association at Burman University.

Students at Burman University publish a newspaper, named the Aurora Chronicles, and a yearbook, named the Aurora Borealis.

Campus Ministries is responsible for the spiritual life of students on campus. Campus Ministries is led by student chaplains, in co-ordination with the university's chaplains. Campus Ministries provides a number of service opportunities for Burman students, such as a soup kitchen, sunshine bands, and mission trips. A number of Burman University students choose to take a year off of school to travel overseas and serve as a student missionary for a year.

Athletics
Burman University has a number of athletics teams which its students may compete in.

The Acronaires are a touring gymnastics group, founded in 1973, which performs shows at schools and communities across Canada and around the world. Their mission is to encourage healthy lifestyles and promote athletic involvement among young people. They also offer a children's acrobatics program for local children in their community.

Burman offers indoor soccer, volleyball, and basketball teams for both men and women, and they also offer a men's ice hockey team. Burman's teams had previously competed in the Alberta Colleges Athletic League prior to the collapse of that organization in 2015. Burman then made two applications to join the Alberta Colleges Athletic Conference, but both applications were rejected in light of Burman's inability to play games on the sabbath, as observed by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Without a conference, Burman was forced to schedule exhibition games to fill out its schedule for a few years. In 2018, Burman was granted permission to join the Prairie Athletic Conference, which consists of colleges in Saskatchewan and Alberta. The current athletic director is Ron Schafer.

 * PAC Provincial Championships:
 * Men's Basketball (2) (2019, 2021)
 * Women's Basketball (1) (2021)
 * Men's Futsal (1) (2019)
 * Women's Futsal (1) (2019)

 * ACAL Championships:
 * Men's Basketball (5) (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015)

Music
Burman University's music department was founded in 1949, but music has been a part of the university since the beginning. Perlie Park Adams taught the first choir, in 1910. The current choir was named the Choral Union in 1977, under the leadership of current director Wendolin Pazitka-Munroe. The choir was given that name because it consisted of both university students and students from Parkview Adventist Academy. The Choral Union is highly acclaimed, and has sung across Europe, 47 of the 50 United States, Latin America, and China. They have also sung at Carnegie Hall on three occasions, sung for the Premier of Alberta on three occasions, sung with the Lions Gate Sinfonia, and have collaborated with John Rutter and Jonathan Willcocks. The membership of the choir fluctuates between 100 and 120 singers each year.

In addition to the choir, Burman also has an orchestra under the direction of Eduardo Sola, which also tours extensively and frequently accompanies the Choral Union. The Burman University orchestra dates back to the 1920s, having been founded by Fred Jerome. The Burman University band, which is currently named the Silverwinds concert band, was also founded by Fred Jerome.

Burman University's music department has hosted a Sunday at 4 concert series for decades (previously named Sunday at 7). This concert series invites classical musicians from around the world to perform for a general admission audience.

History
Burman University traces its roots to the first Seventh-day Adventist secondary school in Alberta, Alberta Industrial Academy, established in 1907 in Leduc by Charles and Leona Burman, merely two years after Alberta became a province of Canada.

The Leduc School
Canadian University College traces its roots to Alberta Academy, the first Seventh-day Adventist secondary school in Alberta. It began operations in January 1907 in Leduc. That first year, the school located in a rented building in town. The conference vote to conduct a three-month canvasser's school had become a reality. Initially this school began as a training ground for colporteurs, named The Canvassers' School.

They held their first chapel exercise, at nine a. m. Friday, January fourth. Nine students were present. In the next three weeks the number had increased to seventeen. Student nationalities reveal the cultural diversity of pioneer life in Alberta: English, Scotch, French, Swede, German, Canadian and mixtures from the States.

Subjects taught included Bible, grammar, geography, physiology, arithmetic, reading and "Great Controversy". They planned to study other books as soon as it was determined which books would be sold in the Alberta Conference in the upcoming sales season. This illustrates the "Canvassers" nature of the curriculum. But, the Alberta Conference leadership had a broader vision for this school. Alberta Conference president, and principal of the school, C. A. Burman states, "a seed has been sown which will ripen into a well equipped intermediate school in due season."

An elementary church school started in that same month of January in the same rented building with Effie Russell Olson as teacher.

Within a year, the Alberta conference had purchased a farm of 160 acres three miles west of Leduc. They erected temporary buildings on the farm so the school, Alberta Industrial Academy, could operate there in the next school year. A farm school better suited their educational ideals. Students could do work on the farm and be free from distracting influences of town life. The farm came with 100 acres of cultivated timothy grass, considered a valuable crop. President Burman and his wife lived on the farm and had charge of the school during this early formative period. There were 36 students and three teachers.

Forty-nine students enrolled for the 1908–1909 school year; most of them "mature young men". The weather that winter was severe. "For several nights the thermometer registered 50° to 60° below zero," the boys' dean, Joseph L. Stansbury, writes, "and we are not very well protected from cold. Some of the coldest nights it registered as low as 20° below zero in our sleeping-rooms. Two families are living in tents on the school farm, that they may have the advantages of the school. In spite of all this exposure and the bitter cold, we are all enjoying good health. Nothing more serious has resulted than a few frosted ears, noses, fingers, and toes. We are confident that students who cheerfully endure these disagreeable features, and do not allow our meager and inadequate accommodations to hinder or discourage them in their educational work, are gaining an experience that will be a very essential qualification for missionary work in foreign countries, where there are so many obstacles to be overcome..."

In 1909, the school purchased a site near Lacombe consisting of over 1,200 acres of farmland. The new high school was built on top of a hill that overlooked the campus. Classes begun before construction had completed, leading to students sleeping in a barn and in tents during the first semester at Lacombe. Eventually, a small village named College Heights, Alberta sprung up around the school to support the institution. Enrolment rose quickly during the first few years, from 61 students to 223, and the school went through a number of name changes in a short span of time. In 1919, the school added a post-secondary program and was renamed Canadian Junior College. The following year, it became one of two Seventh-day Adventist colleges in Canada; Canadian Junior College served Western Canada while Oshawa Missionary College served Eastern Canada.

In May 1930, an arsonist burned down the administration building, the industrial building, and the men's dormitory, leaving several students badly injured and in need of hospitalization. The school quickly rebuilt and the new buildings were re-opened that November. The school struggled financially during the 1930s as a result of the Great Depression, with enrolment dropping below 100. Battleford Academy, another Seventh-day Adventist school in Saskatchewan, was merged with Canadian Junior College in an effort to save money. After World War II, a post-war boom increased enrolment above 300, and allowed the school to pay off debts from reconstructing the administration building.

Canadian Union College
In 1947, the school became a senior college and was renamed Canadian Union College, becoming the primary post-secondary institution for the Canadian Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. That same year, it began its first four-year program in theology. A music department was founded soon after, in 1949.

In 1958, the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists recommended that Canadian Union College pursue provincial accreditation. A large construction program began, and several new buildings were constructed, in an effort to win accreditation. However, the government of Alberta did not allow private institutions to grant degrees at this time, and so no accreditation came; and the school was left heavily in debt. At this time Oshawa Missionary College (now Kingsway College) was facing similar accreditation issues for its own post-secondary programs. Beginning in the 1970s, Canadian Union College began pursuing a series of affiliation programs, to enable its students to study at CUC and get a degree. In 1971, CUC affiliated itself with the University of Alberta, and through this program it offered first-year and later second-year university courses. In 1979, CUC began an affiliate program with Union College, a Seventh-day Adventist university in Nebraska, which allowed CUC to begin offering three-year and four-year degree programs. Some programs CUC was able to offer through Union College included a Bachelor of Education program and a Bachelor of Arts degree. In 1983, CUC affiliated with Walla Walla College in order to offer the first two years of Walla Walla's engineering program. Kingsway College also attempted to gain affiliations with Adventist universities in the United States, but failed to do so; and furthermore, because the Ontario government changed how nurses were educated in the province, Kingsway lost its nursing program, in 1975. This led to the Canadian Union voting to close Kingsway's post-secondary program and merge it with CUC, in 1977.

In 1981, the Canadian Union of Seventh-day Adventists voted to separate the high school and college divisions of CUC into separate institutions. The high school division was renamed Parkview Adventist Academy in 1982. At the time of its separation, Parkview had an enrolment of 316. Due to its close proximity to CUC, it shared and continues to share a number of facilities with the university, such as the dormitory and the music program.

In 1984, the province of Alberta created the "Private Colleges Accreditation Board," which allowed private schools in Alberta to apply for the right to become a degree-granting university. In 1991, Canadian Union College became one of the first four private institutions in Alberta given the ability to grant bachelor's degrees. The first Bachelor's programs to receive accreditation were three-year degrees in English, Music, and Religious Studies. Several other programs were quickly added during the next decade. CUC continued to offer other degrees through Union College at this time.

Canadian University College
In 1997, CUC's name was changed to Canadian University College. Three years earlier, in 1994, the board of trustees for the college decided to change the name. They gave two reasons for doing so: Adventist Canadian headquarters had changed their name from the Canadian Union Conference to the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Canada. Outside of Adventist circles, people usually associated the term 'union' with 'organized labour'. The second reason was that the word 'college' did not accurately reflect the school's three- and four-year degree-granting status. In Canada, the word 'college' had become associated with two-year under-graduate community and vocational institutions. A name change committee was established. This committee appealed to the college's constituency, the Seventh-day Adventist membership in Canada, to suggest possible names. The name change allowed the university to keep its initials. The change to "University College" was also made in conjunction with the other three private institutions in Alberta which had been allowed to grant degrees. In 2000, College Heights was annexed into the growing city of Lacombe.

Because CUC had gained the ability to grant its own degrees, its affiliate programs were slowly wound down and replaced with programs under the university's own charter. The Union College affiliate program ended in 2008, after CUC was granted the right to award the Bachelor of Education degree. In July 2014 the Alberta Government gave permission for Alberta's now five independent publicly funded institutions to change status from "university college" to "university". As a result, in December 2014, the Canadian University College Board of Trustees approved changing the university's name from Canadian University College to Burman University. The name Burman University was chosen in honour of Charles and Leona Burman who founded the institution in 1907. The name change was made official on 1 May 2015.

title: Burman University


text:
Talk:Clu Clu Land

Bubbles' gender
I was under the impression that Bubbles was female. Didn't it say so in her Smash Bros. Melee trophy? Kidicarus222 21:55, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Apparently, Bubbles is male according to the original Japanese versions, but I think a source needs to be listed about it.

I think so, since I know that Japanese rarely uses gender-specific pronouns, so a quote should help. Besides, the English selection in the Japanese version is exactly the same as the American version besides some naming localizations, so the Trophy text should still say "she" in that case. 208.101.152.167 18:19, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Clu Clu Land


text:
Berisal

Berisal is a town in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. The town is part of the municipality of Ried-Brig and lies on the auto route E62 between the city of Brig-Glis to the northwest and the town of Rothwald to the southwest. Incorporated as a municipality in 1876, it is a trade centre, most notably for rice, jute, and fish.

Notable residents

 * Anton Anderledy, (1819-1892), born in Berisal, Superior General of the Jesuits

title: Berisal


text: Category:Cycling in Australia

title: Category:Cycling in Australia


text:
User talk:Thota santhosh

Thota Santhosh Kumar is born in a village named Indugula in Andhra Pradesh, India.

Thota Santhosh has persued his Bachelors Degree(B.Tech) in "Electronics and Communications Engineering" from "Swami Ramananda Tirtha Institute of Science and Technology" (SRTIST) Nalgonda, India.He is currently Doing his Masters Degree(M.Tech) in "Indian Institute of Technoogy(IIT) Kanpur" in the Department of "Elecrtical Engineering" with the specialization being "Infromation Systems".

His Research areas of interest includes Detection & Estimation, Adaptive Beamformers and Wireless Communications.

He can be contacted at the email: santhoshkumar.thota@gmail.com

title: User talk:Thota santhosh


text:
Talk:Christopher Wolf

Untitled
Starting this article about an American attorney. He is representing Joseph Wilson and wife Valerie Plame in CIA leak investigation.--FloNight 21:57, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

A short article, yes, but about a noteworthy figure. I hope it won't be deleted since the CIA leak case is in the news. I am going to research and verify his date of birh, law school, and law practice.--FloNight 22:37, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Requested Birth date and birth city from law firm
I've emailed Wolf's law office and asked them to provide Wolf's birth year and city of birth.--FloNight 21:33, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Removed stub
Added content and removed stub. Who, knew! - this fellow has done a lot of internet legal work, including some famous privacy cases.--FloNight 20:43, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Requesting article to be renamed Christopher Wolf (Attorney)
I came upon this article while looking up information on an actor with the same name. Just a thought. --189.151.17.191 18:59, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

Edited puffery
Removed loads of puffery and insignificant material that read as though someone had copied his listing at the law firm.DaveBurstein (talk) 02:07, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Christopher Wolf