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Wikipedia talk:Requests for comment/Zizban

Most, but not all of these sockpuppets appear to be linked with User:Zisban
The behavior of these vandals is rude and offensive and should be stopped. Furthermore, by looking at the users' edit summaries, all the users on the RfC except User:Asari, User:17.255.240.70 and User:Zerozero seem to follow patterns which link them to User:Zizban. User:Zerozero might have a weak link with User:Zizban, having an interest in SkyOS (but having made a legitimate edit there, he/she should get the benefit of the doubt.) Andrew pmk | Talk 23:11, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Do a user check on the IP's for Asari and ZeroZero and I'm sure you'll find they match other IP's in this RfC. The behaviour is identical, and the subject has a history of sockpuppet use, so its relatively safe to say they're his.
 * Zizban has also made legitimate edits to articles, so that reason doesn't stop a sockpuppet belonging to him. --Kiand 23:17, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Umm, this is interesting and outright baffling. I only have one user name. I am on a dynamic IP that changes about every seven days or so and covers a good chunk of three American states (Massachusetts, Vermont and New York State). If you feel the comments are similliar, perhaps that says something about you, Kiand, rather than me having sock puppets.
 * Got you for lying their straight of. The IP you're editing from now has vandalised pages, signing as generallego. This links you to a second user name you're using, which means you're lying. We also have the other IP used by generallego, your own name, and your employers IP, as linked by you when you objected at it being banned. Straight off, 5 instances. Leaves me in no doubt as to the rest entirely being you.
 * You're not going to be able to weasel out of this. --Kiand 00:16, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Didn't you read what I just wrote? The IPs change here every seven days or so. Its quite possible I have this generllego's ip right now, He may have mine right now. Who knows?
 * That excuse is so poor that most 7 year olds would be embarrased having it. Only you have been spending inane amounts of time vandalising my page, and attacking me and Golbez, and you know it. No way some utterly random person from the same netblock was doing it -at the same time as you- with -exactly the same MO-. Really, you should be ashamed, thats such a bad excuse --Kiand 00:38, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I stand by my story. I only have one user name. I have never used another, ever. I truly think you are paranoid. I'm sorry you feel to lash out this way, but truly, I have better things to do with my time than create sock puppets to comment on your user page.
 * Such as vandalism and personal attacks under your current username, or logged out from your work IP? --Kiand 00:45, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You know, if you weren't serious, this would be pretty funny. Actually, it is. User:Friday did a nice job of making peace between us. I made him a promise to be nice and I have stuck to it. I only have one ID, zizban. Its all I ever use. I do not use another, anonymous or not.
 * No, no you haven't. Theres proof on this page already that you've continued to harrass me after the end of any attempts at peace making, and that you've been duplicitious in usernames, despite your futile protests. --Kiand 00:56, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I stick by my story, which is the full truth. You need to look deep inside yourself and reflect. I shall not be adding anymore to this discussion.
 * Enjoy your delusions. Next time you or a sockpuppet of yours so much as touches one of my user pages, I will be requesting a temporary block for the duration of this RfC. --Kiand 01:11, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Is thing is over yet? YAWN.

Remedy?
One question that often comes up with an RFC is, what is the purpose or desired outcome? To me it seems clear that Kiand wants the harassment to stop. I think WP:BLOCK can apply here. If Zizban continues to harass, he should probably be blocked. If other user accounts harass, they could also be blocked as appropriate. I'm a newly promoted sysop and hadn't thought I'd be talking about blocks so soon, but does this seem reasonable? I'm going to go ahead and warn Zizban on his talk page that users can be blocked for disruption and ask him again to stop the harassment. Friday (talk) 02:26, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Block those others users, I don't care, because they're not me. If they are giving me a bad name, then they deserved to be blocked.--User:Zizban
 * I want the sockpuppets, which are clearly his despite his childish denials "it wasn't me mummy, it was just someone who looked and acted exactly like me at the same time and place, honest" to be proven to be his, for a start. Ideally, I'd like him blocked every time he or a sock puppet so much as comes close to me or the other user he's been messing around with, Golbez. --Kiand 15:58, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Please stop the personal attacks here. In addition, I'm willing to offer a deal: I'll stay from your page, I won't even visit it, if you stay away from my page and the SkyOS page. The reason I add the SkyOS page is that it started this whole thing; obviously you have a heavy POV about SkyOS. Further, Let's designate an unbiased third party to monitor our behavior. Not Golbez, because I consider him biased. I suggest Friday.--User:Zizban
 * I'm not going to stay away from any page - I will continue to remove attacks against my person, direct or indirect such as the current crap you have, from your user page, as allowed under WP:NPA, and I refuse to take orders from anyone about which pages I can and cannot edit -particularly not from users such as yourself, and blatant liars such as yourself.
 * I don't think anyone with a grain of sense believes your diatribe about your sockpuppets. Then again, anyone with a grain of sense would also be able to see that you've done basically nothing on here in the past month and a half but harass.--Kiand 17:07, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This is unfortunate. Let the admins note I presented a reasonable compromise that was roundly rejected.

Kiand has as much right to edit SkyOS as anyone. Friday (talk) 23:20, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * So that means I can edit his page, since I have that same right?

In this RFC. User:Kiand has called me a liar and childish and wants me banned if I go near his user page yet when I suggest a reasonable compromise, I get called names again. How long will this tolerated? When will it end? --User:Zizban
 * When you admit that they're your sockpuppets and quit your completely transparent charade might be a start. --Kiand 21:21, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * You know, if they were mine, at this point I would admit to it just to shut you up but I am a deeply spiritual guy and refuse to admit to something that I didn't do.
 * Trying to escape being seen with the smoking gun isn't going to work. You edited the same pages with different names/IP's and left behind FAR too many clues to escape - same IP, same users being harassed, same signoffs (generallego, etc). Your excuses are also absolutely terrible. --Kiand 21:36, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You see things that are not there, really. I think you are being unreasonable. I am abandoning User:Zizban and Wikipedia in general and I will ask the admins to delete my user. That one poster in your talk was correct: It is people like you that give Wikipedia a bad name.
 * Well at least this is over. Your terms were unreasonable - SkyOS is not yours. His user and talk pages, however, are his. You have a problem. Get professional help. --Golbez 00:13, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

And another sock
Because, obviously, no sane person believes that two seperate people would regularly swap the same Adelphia cable IP address (and get issued no other ones but it), have the same obsessions and have the same users to harass, its pretty obvious its Zizban.

In addition, theres clear evidence that User:Lord Chess is another sockpuppet, presumably set up for future use. --Kiand 10:58, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Bzzzt! your wrong, but thank you for playing!
 * Funny how you found this page if you weren't watching it, e.g. one of Zizbans socks (for that is what you are). --Kiand 15:20, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, I came looking for it after I was alerted to it. I'm not a sock but rather something else entirely. If you can figure it out, I'll give you a cookie.
 * Someones scizhophrenic secondary/tertiary personality?
 * Give it up, Zizban. NOBODY belives you. --Kiand 15:39, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * There is nothing to believe (you left off the e). You'll find out, someday. What's actually funny about this is you totally missed the actual sock puppet Zizban used on your page. Yes, there is one and you missed it in this RfC.
 * Considering you (for it is Zizban) used so damn many sockpuppets, its kinda hard to list the lot of them. In addition, even if you were two/three seperate people, thats still covered by the sockpuppet policy as meatpuppets. But you're not. --Kiand 15:46, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You have no clue. Catch you on the funway!
 * And you have no life, something you've shown by having what, 5 accounts and doing nothing more on here than editing the page on the OS you use, and obsessing over two users. --Kiand 15:52, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Now, now be nice. Cya, maybe we'll meet again on whatever random article I pick to edit. Out.

End?
When does this end?

Its the neverending RFC! I wonder if this is some some kind of record?


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Robert Webster (virologist)

Robert Gordon Webster (b. 1932) is an avian influenza authority who correctly posited that pandemic strains of flu arise from genes in flu virus strains in nonhumans; for example, via a reassortment of genetic segments (antigenic shift) between viruses in humans and nonhumans (especially birds) rather than by mutations (antigenic drift) in annual human flu strains.

Background
Robert Webster was born on 5 July 1932 in Balclutha, New Zealand, and grew up on a farm. He studied microbiology on leaving school, gaining his BSc from University of Otago, New Zealand in 1955, his MSc at the same university in 1957, and his PhD from the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, in 1962.

He worked as a virologist with the New Zealand Department of Agriculture in 1958 - 1959 before being appointed research fellow at the Department of Microbiology at ANU's John Curtin Medical School, for 1964 - 1966. He moved to U.S. in 1969 where he became a member of both the Department of Microbiology and the Department of Immunology at the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, a city where he has lived ever since and has held many research posts.

Accomplishments
Webster holds the Rose Marie Thomas Chair in Virology at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. He is also director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center on the Ecology of Influenza Viruses in Lower Animals and Birds, the world's only laboratory designed to study influenza at the animal-human interface. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of London, the Royal Society of Medicine and the Royal Society of New Zealand, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States. In December 2002, he was presented with the Bristol-Myers Squibb Award for Distinguished Achievement in Infectious Diseases Research.

Webster has been awarded membership of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, and has been named a fellow of the Royal Society Te Apārangi and the Royal Society of London. He is also a member of the American Society for Microbiology, American Society for Virology, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and is a fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine. He heads the World Health Organization (WHO) collaborating laboratory on animal influenza.

Work on general influenza
Webster's major discoveries relating to influenza include the likelihood that avians were most likely the culprit in other flu outbreaks. His work is also responsible for the method of human influenza vaccination that is commonly used. Before Webster and his colleagues separated the influenza virus into different particles, the entire influenza virus was injected into a patient as a vaccine - now, only certain parts of the virus are used to create the same response, lessening side effects of the vaccine.

H5N1 Work
Webster's work with the avian flu began after a beach walk with fellow researcher Graeme Laver, on which the men noticed a large number of dead birds along the shoreline. Webster wondered whether it was possible that the birds had died from the avian flu, and subsequently traveled to an island to take samples from hundreds of birds. This led to more trips, and eventually Webster discovered a link between the avian flu and the human flu. He deduced that it is possible for the avian and human viruses to combine, creating a new virus that humans would have no antibodies to. In an interview with NBC, he said that when he first proposed this link, few paid attention to what he saw as a great danger. However, Webster theorizes that the only event that has to occur to begin a flu pandemic is the mixing of avian and human flu strains in the same mammalian cell - most likely in a pig. Pigs are similar enough in genetic makeup to humans that they are susceptible to the human flu; also, in many areas, pigs come in close contact with chickens or ducks, making it likely that they will catch the avian flu.

Another danger that Webster has uncovered is the duck. Ducks, while capable of catching and transmitting the avian flu virus through contact with chickens, seldom sicken and die from the exposure. Being alive and quite healthy, the ducks are then capable of spreading the virus to other areas.

Honors and awards

 * 1989 Fellow of the Royal Society
 * 2010 Royal Society Leeuwenhoek Lecture Prize

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Robert Webster (virologist)


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David Criswell

David R. Criswell (July 17, 1941 – September 10, 2019) was the Director of the Institute for Space Systems Operations at the University of Houston. ISSO is the operational agent for the Houston Partnership for Space Exploration.

Criswell received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1963 (graduating cum laude) and a Master of Science degree in Physics in 1964 from the University of North Texas, in Denton, Texas. In 1968, he received a Doctorate degree in space physics and Astronomy from Rice University in Houston, Texas.

He was an active member of the Power from Space Committee of the International Astronautical Federation and participated in IAF and United Nations Summits dealing with supplying energy to Earth. He also served on the Board of Governors of the National Space Society, a non-profit space advocacy organization in Washington, D.C.

Views on exploiting lunar resources
For over thirty years, Criswell was an advocate for obtaining solar power from the Moon. He proposed the large-scale construction of solar collectors on the lunar surface, using local lunar materials. The solar energy would be converted to microwave energy and transmitted to Earth.

Criswell envisioned that this energy source would spur an unprecedented amount of global economic growth (Gross World Product increasing by a factor of 10), while having a positive environmental impact (fossil fuel-burning power plants would be decommissioned). He pointed out that lunar-solar energy would not generate nuclear waste, and is not a finite resource (in the sense that fossil fuels are a finite resource).

He estimated that a 1 GigaWatt demo of the lunar-solar power generation system could be built over a 10-year period for approximately $60 billion in 1990 dollars. (For comparison, the 1.65 GW Benban Solar Park in Egypt cost $4 billion in 2019; however, Benban's delivered power is 430 MW compared to the 1 GW demo which would deliver a full 1 GW.)

In short, Criswell believed that lunar-solar energy is the only viable option for generating the massive amounts of electrical power that would be needed to raise the standard of living in third-world nations to that of first-world nations.

He once said, from the University of Houston, that "We are already well beyond what the biosphere can provide. We have to go outside to get something else."

title: David Criswell


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Crown Court Church

Crown Court Church is a Church of Scotland church in Central London.

History
A Scottish Presbyterian congregation was first established in London during the reign of King James I of England and VI of Scots, following the Union of the Crowns in 1603. Some of his Scottish courtiers worshipped in a chapel near the old Whitehall Palace at the diplomatic site as "Scotland Yard" and later provided the original headquarters of London's Metropolitan Police.

More tangible records date from 1711, when the Crown Court Church was established near Covent Garden. The church was extensively rebuilt in 1909, but remained on the same site. The exterior of the church is scarcely visible as it shares walls with neighbouring buildings, whilst the interior retains a 17th-century feel (despite the early 20th-century rebuilding work.) The church is named after a small courtyard adjacent to its location, but is also known as the "Kirk of the Crown of Scotland". The church building has been listed Grade II on the National Heritage List for England since December 1987.

Crown Court Church is the older of the two CoS congregations in London, the other being St Columba's in Knightsbridge. The church entrance is difficult to find, but is located in Russell Street, off Covent Garden, next to the Fortune Theatre and opposite the Theatre Royal.

Present Day
The Reverend Scott Rennie has been Minister of Crown Court Church since 5 May 2022.

title: Crown Court Church


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Bayard–Condict Building

The Bayard–Condict Building (formerly the Condict Building and Bayard Building) is a 12-story commercial structure at 65 Bleecker Street in the NoHo neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Built between 1897 and 1899 in the Chicago School style, it was the only building in New York City designed by architect Louis Sullivan, who worked on the project alongside Lyndon P. Smith. Located in the NoHo Historic District, the building was designated a New York City landmark in 1975 and has been a National Historic Landmark since 1976.

The building occupies a rectangular site and has a terracotta facade divided horizontally into three sections. The lower two stories consist of ground-story storefronts with ornate columns, with an arched entrance in the westernmost bay. On the upper stories, piers separate the building vertically into five bays, each with ornate spandrel panels. There are six winged angels just below the cornice at the top of the building. On the inside, the first two stories are used for retail, while the upper floors generally contain large loft-like spaces and a steel structural frame. A mechanical core with elevators, utilities, and stairs is in its western end.

The Bayard Building was developed by the United Loan and Investment Company, who acquired the land in 1897 from the Bank for Savings in the City of New York and named the edifice after the Bayard family. Due to disputes over construction methods, United Loan was forced to give up the building before it was completed, and Emmeline G. H. Condict had acquired it by June 1899. It was sold in 1900, and again in 1920, before coming under the control of the Shulsky family in the 1940s. The storefronts were replaced in the 1960s, followed by the lobby in the 1980s. The facade was restored during the late 1990s and early 2000s.

Site
The Bayard–Condict Building is at 65 Bleecker Street in the NoHo neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It is on the north side of Bleecker Street between Broadway and Lafayette Street, at the northern end of Crosby Street. The land lot is rectangular and measures around 8330 ft2, with a frontage of 83.3 ft and a depth of 100 ft along 30th Street. The Robbins & Appleton Building adjoins the Bayard–Condict Building on the same block directly to the north, and an entrance to the New York City Subway's Bleecker Street station is immediately to the east. Other nearby structures include the Schermerhorn Building to the northeast, 339 Lafayette Street to the east, and 640 Broadway to the southwest.

Before the early 19th century, what is now NoHo was part of the farms of numerous families, such as the Bayard, Bleecker, Herring, Pero, and Randall families. West–east streets were laid through the area by the early 19th century, and row houses were built along these streets. This was followed by institutions like churches, libraries, and schools in the 1830s and 1840s, then by store and loft buildings in the 1850s, which catered to the area's wealthy population. With the advent of curtain walls, steel frames, and fireproof elevators, these store and loft buildings were being built as tall as 12 stories by the 1890s. The Bayard–Condict Building was among these early high-rise loft buildings.

Architecture
The Bayard–Condict Building is the only structure in New York City designed by Louis H. Sullivan, who specialized in the Chicago school style of architecture. Sullivan is sometimes cited as the building's sole architect, although he was assisted by New York architect Lyndon P. Smith. Such partnerships were typical for Sullivan; whenever he designed buildings outside his home state of Illinois, he worked with other architects who were licensed in that state. It is unknown how or why Sullivan was selected to design the building, but, at the time of its development in the late 1890s, the city's most prominent structures were generally designed by local firms like McKim, Mead & White. George Elmslie helped design the decoration.

The building was one of the first skeleton frame skyscrapers in New York City, and the Department of Buildings raised numerous objections to the design before the plans were finally accepted. Measuring 162 ft tall, with 13 stories, it was considered an early skyscraper. It was similar in design to an unbuilt skyscraper for the St. Louis Trust and Savings Bank that was designed in 1895. According to Sullivan's protege Frank Lloyd Wright, the Bayard–Condict Building was Sullivan's favorite design.

Facade
The Bleecker Street elevation of the facade is clad in white glazed terracotta over a masonry wall. The facade has relatively undecorated mullions and pilasters, which accentuate its height and divide the facade vertically into five bays. The Bleecker Street facade is divided horizontally into three sections—an ornamented base, a shaft of identical stacked floors, and a decorated crown—illustrating Sullivan's views on skyscraper design. Whereas the protrude mullions and pilasters were intended to draw attention to the columns in the building's superstructure, the superstructure's horizontal beams were deemphasized and covered with wide spandrel panels. According to Herbert Muschamp, the emphasis of the vertical elements may have been intended to represent "maximum development of a small urban site by thrusting against gravitational force". Sullivan's ornate floral designs decorate the facade's base and top, as well as the spandrels below each window opening. The facade's other three elevations are made of red brick on common bond.

The lowest part of the Bleecker Street facade contains a concrete water table. The entrance to the building is through the westernmost bay. The doorway is flanked by piers, above which are a small cornice and an ornamented lunette with "organic" motifs such as spirals, leaves and tendrils. The lunette is topped by geometric designs and leaves. The base of the building originally contained storefronts separated by octagonal columns, above which were ornate capitals that also depicted leaves. The original columns were removed in 1964 and restored in 2002. Above each of the ground-story storefronts are spandrel panels with more organic motifs.

On the upper stories, the bays are separated by piers, which correspond to the internal structural system; each bay is topped by a large arch. Above the second floor, each bay contains two sash windows per story, separated by a narrow mullion. There are recessed terracotta spandrels with geometric and organic motifs above the pairs of windows on each story. The spandrels above the eleventh floor are decorated with lions' heads. The top two stories (the twelfth and thirteenth) were intended to resemble a single story from the outside. On these stories, each bay contains an arch at the twelfth and thirteenth stories, and there is a trefoil motif in the spandrels of each arch. A heavy cornice projects from the facade above the thirteenth floor. The cornice contains decorative soffit panels. There are six winged angels just below the cornice. For many years, it was widely believed that Silas Alden Condict, a lawyer with religious aspirations who had briefly owned the building, had wanted the angels to be included. Condict allegedly wanted the angels to represent the six working days of the week (excluding the Sabbath). Sullivan had allegedly initially objected to the presence of the angels; according to The New York Times, Sullivan had asked Condict, "Do you want a commercial building or do you want a church?" This account is disputed by historians Sarah Landau and Carl W. Condit, who wrote in their 1996 book Rise of the New York Skyscraper that Sullivan had used winged-angel motifs in his design for the Transportation Building at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. The sculptures had been depicted in a Brickbuilder magazine article in June 1898, before the Condict family had even bought the building. There are round motifs and leaves above the cornice, but the roof of the building is otherwise flat.

Interior
According to the Architectural Review, the Bayard–Condict Building was a speculative development "designed to be used for offices or light manufactures as to the upper, and for shops in the ground and first floors". When the Bayard–Condict Building was built, it generally contained large loft-like spaces, as well as a mechanical core with elevators, utilities, and stairs. The lofts could be divided into smaller offices and were illuminated by natural light, which was maximized by the presence of setbacks at the rear of the building.

Originally, the building was to contain brick curtain walls with a uniform thickness of 12 in. The interior would have been supported by a type of freestanding steel frame called the Gray system, which used 14 by columns attached to cast-steel bases. Sullivan and Dankmar Adler had previously used the Gray system in the Prudential (Guaranty) Building, but New York City officials were loath to approve the use of the Gray system. As a result, the curtain wall measured 20 in thick between the floor slabs for the first and fifth stories; 16 in thick between the fifth and ninth stories; and 12 in thick above the ninth story. The interior columns were also thickened, measuring between 24 in across at the ground story and 13 in across on the top two stories.

By the late 20th century, the building was accessed through the westernmost bay on Bleecker Street, which led to a north–south hallway. The hallway had terrazzo floors, plastic wall tiles, and acoustical ceiling tiles. A pair of elevators was positioned at the center of the hallway, while the rear end of the hallway had a stairway adjacent to a storefront. The staircase had an ornate balustrade between the basement and third story, stucco-and-plaster walls, and a plaster ceiling. On the upper stories, there was a hallway on the western end of each story connecting to the elevators and stair. The remainder of each story was divided into office or industrial space, with tile floors, plaster walls, and plaster ceilings. Ceiling heights range from 15 ft on the first floor to 9.5 ft on the 12th floor.

History
The Bayard–Condict Building was constructed on the former site of the Bank for Savings in the City of New York, also known as the Old Bleecker Street Bank. That bank relocated to Fourth Avenue in the late 19th century.

Development
The United Loan and Investment Company had been incorporated in 1895 to sell securities, land, and mortgages for a commission; it was authorized to trade real estate in 1897. That September, United Loan acquired a 83.6 by site on the north side of Bleecker Street from the Bank for Savings. The site reportedly cost $200,000, most of which was covered by a $150,000 mortgage from the Bank of Savings, which was to come due in three years. United Loan immediately announced plans to erect the 12-story Bayard Building at a cost of $100,000. The edifice was to be named after the Bayard family, an early settler of the colony of New Netherland, whose area included modern-day New York. Although the family was not involved with the project, Landau and Condit wrote that the structure directly referenced William Bayard Jr., the Bank for Savings' first president. Louis Sullivan, working with Lyndon P. Smith of New York state, had been hired to design the structure during mid-1897.

The partnership of Sullivan & Smith submitted plans for a 12-story structure at 65–69 Bleecker Street to the New York City Department of Buildings on September 17, 1897, and The New York Times announced these plans on September 23. The building was to be a fireproof structure with a terracotta facade and would contain numerous elevators. The New York Times estimated the building would cost $400,000, while the Chicago Daily Tribune gave a cost of $275,000. According to trade publication The Construction News, the building was to cost between $250,000 and $275,000. After disputes over various aspects of the planned building were resolved, United Loan began erecting the Bayard Building in December 1897. Although Sullivan never again designed another building in New York City, the reason for this is unclear. The Blue Guide New York said Sullivan had a hard time getting the Bayard Building to meet the city's building codes, while Carl Condit stated that the building's remote location on Bleecker Street may have been a factor.

The Bank for Savings initiated foreclosure proceedings on the property in December 1898. In April 1899, Charles W. Rice of the Perth Amboy Terra Cotta Company acquired the building at a foreclosure auction for $327,000, wiping out United Loan's investment in the structure. Rice had been one of the building's material contractors, and he had purchased the building to satisfy $150,000 in liens. Emmeline G. H. Condict bought the building in June 1899 from Chase Mellen for $37,000, taking out a $310,000 mortgage on the property. The building was completed in December 1899. The tenth floor was severely damaged in a fire in March 1900, and the Condict family sold the building that May to its builder, Charles T. Wills.

20th century
Sources disagree on the building's original name. Landau and Condit described the structure as being known as the "Bayard Building" when it was completed, while the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) said that it was already known as the "Condict Building" when it opened in December 1899. A 1901 directory listed the Bayard Building as an office building at 65–67 Bleecker Street, adjacent to another office building, the Condict Building at 69 Bleecker Street. A New York Times article about the 1900 fire identified 65–67 Bleecker Street as the Condict Building, while the Brooklyn Times Union described the Condict Building as occupying "65, 67 and 69 Bleecker Street". In its early years, the Condict Building operated as a commercial loft structure. The Wills estate continued to own the Condict Building until January 1920, when the estate sold the building to Heidelberg, Wolff & Co. for $450,000.

Elgin Shulsky acquired the building during the 1940s. At the end of that decade, the capitals above the columns at ground level were covered with plaster and cinder blocks. This blunted the effect of Sullivan's original storefronts, which had been designed as full-height glass panels between small columns. The popularity of ornate facades, such as that of the Condict Building, had declined significantly by the late 1950s, prompting the Municipal Art Society to select the building as one of several in the city that were "worthy of preservation". Elgin Shulsky replaced the original storefronts with generic commercial aluminum storefronts, designed by Gustave W. Iser, in 1964. The neighborhood was largely occupied at the time by warehousing and light manufacturing firms. One of the original capitals was preserved in the Brooklyn Museum, while a group led by Ivan Karp obtained another capital for the collection of the Anonymous Arts Museum. The capital in the Brooklyn Museum's collection became part of a sculpture garden.

The LPC first hosted a public hearing on whether to designate the building as a city landmark in 1966, but the structure was not designated because the owners objected to it. The LPC hosted further hearings in 1970, 1974, and 1975 before it designated the Bayard–Condict Building as a city landmark on November 25, 1975. The LPC designated the Bayard–Condict Building largely on the grounds that it was Sullivan's only New York City building. The Shulsky family immediately sued the LPC, claiming that "the vast majority of the population in the City of New York and the United States of America have no knowledge whatsoever" of the building's existence, but the lawsuit stalled. The building's owners also objected when preservationist Carolyn Pitts nominated the building for National Historic Landmark designation the next year. Despite the owners' claim that the building was "run-down" and "undistinguished", Pitts surreptitiously created a report on the building and submitted it to the United States Department of the Interior, which approved the nomination the same year.

The building continued to be largely occupied by commercial tenants through the late 20th century. By the early 1980s, the Shulsky family was replacing the industrial tenants with office tenants, as the owners wished to refurbish the building. Among the tenants who moved out was the building's largest occupant, a company specializing in ribbons and artificial flowers. The vacant space was rented to office tenants for as low as 8 $/ft2. Subsequently, the Shulsky family renovated the lobby to designs by Edgar Tafel, whose mentor Frank Lloyd Wright had studied under Sullivan. Elgin Shulsky's son Marvin Shulsky took over the building's management in the 1980s.

Restoration
In 1996, New York City-based architecture and engineering firm Wank Adams Slavin Associates designed and oversaw a restoration of the Bayard–Condict Building's facade. The project cost $800,000. Of the 7,000 glazed architectural terra-cotta tiles, 1,200 had to be replaced. Marvin Shulsky said at the time: "I figured I had a choice: cover the whole thing in $10's and $20's or redo the terra cotta." In addition, replicas of the original capitals at ground level, modeled after the capital in the Anonymous Arts Museum's collection, were installed. By then, the building was nearly fully occupied by tenants such as the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Carl Fischer Music, the literary agency of Sterling Lord, cosmetics firm The Estée Lauder Companies, and USA Films. The LPC further designated the building as part of the NoHo Historic District in June 1999.

The Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation gave its Village Award in 2003 to the contractors who restored the building. By 2013, Marvin Shulsky's son-in-law Lawrence Ellenberg had taken over the building and was adding an elevator. During the early 21st century, the building's tenants included the Council of Fashion Designers of America, a law firm, and an ice cream shop.

Critical reception
When the Bayard–Condict Building was completed, it was a radical design for its time, since it contravened the strictures of American Renaissance architecture which were the accepted status quo. However, it had little influence on architectural design in New York City, because of its location in the industrial area that Bleecker Street was during that period. Russell Sturgis said the structure "exemplifies the growth of modern American building connected with the steel cage construction", saying that the design was clearly intended to be that of a skyscraper. Montgomery Schuyler wrote: "There is nothing capricious in the general treatment of this structure. It is an attempt, and a very serious attempt, to found the architecture of a tall building upon the facts of the case." A reporter for The Wall Street Journal wrote that, following the building's completion, the public saw Louis Sullivan "as the architect who had solved the problem of what to do with the skyscraper".

The building was still largely lauded in the late 20th century. A reporter for the New York Daily News described the Bayard–Condict Building in 1964 as having "the appearance of a large commercial structure from the period", despite its significance as Sullivan's only New York City building. The same year, the Times said the building "is still in every important textbook of the American skyscraper". In designating the Bayard–Condict Building as a city landmark in 1975, the LPC wrote that the structure was "the most significant commercial building utilizing skyscraper structural techniques in New York City". Paul Goldberger described the Bayard–Condict Building's cornice in 1976 as "perhaps the finest cornice in all of New York".

The building also received positive commentary after its renovation in the 1990s and 2000s. According to Herbert Muschamp in 2001, the building "stands as a reminder that private clients, including developers, were once more eager than the cultural organizations to embrace progressive ideals". A 2003 Miami Herald article described the Bayard–Condict Building as "massive and delicate", while the Chicago Tribune wrote that the building was "a study in terra-cotta ornamentation". The architect Chad Smith wrote for the Village Voice in 2005: "It is new because it is modern—both for its forward-looking design and because it was (and is) an innovative solution to 19th-century problems. It feels fresh because it is still so completely a building of its age." The Bayard–Condict Building's architecture also inspired the design of other structures, including a nearby office building in SoHo designed by Marcello Porcelli and Cookfox during the 2010s.

title: Bayard–Condict Building


text:
Bell's Amusement Park

Bell's Amusement Park was an amusement park located in Tulsa's Expo Square, part of the Tulsa State Fairgrounds in Oklahoma. It operated for 55 years before closing in 2006. The park was previously owned and operated by Keli and Jason Fritz. It was especially known for its large wooden roller coaster, called Zingo, designed by John C. Allen and built in 1966–68.

History
Robert Bell built a miniature train around his Tulsa house in 1948 and, for a time, ran children's rides at the Admiral Twin drive-in. In March 1951, he started the park at the Fairgrounds with a small collection of rides and amusements. The amusements included a three-car train and a Shetland pony ride. The first adult ride added to the park was a bumper car ride in 1955. In 1957, a Tilt-A-Whirl and miniature golf course were completed. This would later grow into a family-owned amusement park with several dozen rides and attractions.

The park was forced to relinquish its position at the Square at the end of the 2006 season when the county did not renew its lease. The reason given for its removal was nonviable business plans, although it asserted that the 2006 season was the most successful one it had seen for years and expansion plans were underway. It paid $135,000 to the Expo in 2006 and a total of $12.5 million since 1951. The midway for the Tulsa State Fair was provided by Jerry Murphy, owner of Murphy Brothers Exposition. The carnival company was granted, in 2006, a 10-year, non-competitive contract to operate the Tulsa State Fair midway. The 2006 contract included the right of first refusal to expand Murphy's operation into the park's tract during the State Fair, if it was no longer a tenant. Following its closing, the 2007 Tulsa State Fair saw a 7% drop in attendance and a 29% hit on midway ticket sales. Some vendors told the fair board that the board's decision not to renew the park's lease was the reason for the drop, and there were some reports that the loss accounted for some of it. The Fairgrounds CEO said that they did not have any theories at the time to account for it. Attendance was up in the recession of 2008 from 2007, according to the Tulsa World.

The park announced plans to move elsewhere, but the rides remained in a warehouse. Other locations around Northeast Oklahoma were considered for a new home, but it was not rebuilt. In November 2008, Sally Bell ran unsuccessfully for Tulsa County Commissioner.

In 2010, Wagoner County, Oklahoma negotiated a deal with the Bell family to potentially place the park in Coweta, Oklahoma. On May 25, 2010, Robbie Bell signed a 50-year lease (with a 25-year optional extension) with the county. This deal depended on the voters approving a quarter-cent tax increase to finance building the park; it was to go on the ballot in July 2010. But, after two of the three Wagoner County commissioners raised concerns about whether the plan was financially viable for the county, the commissioners removed the question from the ballot by a 2-1 vote.

Early in 2012, the Bell family installed a few rides at the Saturday Flea Market in West Tulsa. As of August 2013, additional attractions had been installed and Robby Bell III (Robert's grandson) said he had plans to continue restoring more of the rides.

On September 12, 2019, the official Facebook account for Bell’s Amusement Park announced that there are plans for the theme park to come back soon and that the place and location would be announced in the fall, however the question for where will it be is yet to be determined. Robby Bell said in a statement:

"We're not gonna talk about much more detail about it just yet because there's too many non-disclosures and stuff like that out there. We can only roll this stuff out when it's ready to be rolled out. One thing that is certain is we're putting it back up, it's just a question of where."

On November 4, 2021, it was announced in a press conference that land for a new Bell's Amusement Park location had been found and purchased in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma.

Roller Coasters

 * Zingo
 * Wildcat (Now closed)

Flat Rides

 * Phantasmagoria - Dark Ride
 * Scrambler
 * Himilaya
 * Super Round-Up
 * Mind Melt - Larson Drop Tower
 * Pharaoh's Fury
 * Ferris Wheel
 * Der Wellenflug - Wave Swinger
 * Spider
 * Tilt-a-Whirl

Water Rides

 * White Lightnin' - Arrow Log Flume
 * Chill Pepper Plunge - Dry Water Slides

Wildcat coaster malfunction
On April 20, 1997, mechanical failures on the Wildcat roller coaster caused a car near the top of a chain hill to disengage and roll backwards, colliding with another one. The accident killed a fourteen-year-old and injured six others. It was disassembled following the accident and was afterward relocated to Jolly Roger Amusement Park in Ocean City, Maryland, where it operated for a year under the name "Avalanche."

title: Bell's Amusement Park


text: User talk:143.53.7.212

title: User talk:143.53.7.212


text: User talk:198.199.226.254

title: User talk:198.199.226.254


text:
Paul G. Kirk

Paul Grattan Kirk Jr. (born January 18, 1938) is an American lawyer and politician who served as a United States Senator from Massachusetts from 2009 to 2010, having been appointed to fill the vacancy created by the death of Ted Kennedy. From 1985 to 1989, he chaired the Democratic National Committee (DNC).

He served as co-chairman of the Commission on Presidential Debates, the chairman of the board of directors of the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation, and a member of the board of directors of the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate.

Early life and education
Kirk, one of five children, was born in Newton, Massachusetts. He is the son of Josephine Elizabeth (née O'Connell) and Judge Paul G. Kirk Sr., an associate justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. His father was of Irish and English descent and his mother was of Irish ancestry. He attended The Roxbury Latin School and graduated from St. Sebastian's School in 1956, Harvard College in 1960, and Harvard Law School in 1964. In college, Kirk took part in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps program. He received his commission as a second lieutenant in 1960 and served on active duty for six months to complete his initial training. Kirk remained in the United States Army Reserve until 1968, when he was discharged as a captain.

Career
Kirk was admitted to the Massachusetts Bar in 1965.

Kirk is affiliated with the law firm Sullivan & Worcester LLP of Boston, Massachusetts, and was a partner from 1977 to 1990. He is the chairman and chief executive officer of Kirk & Associates, Inc., a business advisory and consulting firm located in Boston. He is also a member of the board of directors of the Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc., Rayonier, Incorporated, and Cedar Realty Trust, Inc. He was a board member of ITT Corporation from 1989 to 1997 and Bradley Real Estate, Inc. from 1991 to 2000. Kirk is a trustee of Stonehill College. He also served as a trustee of St. Sebastian's School from 1992 to 2004 and again from 2006 to 2009. He is past chairman of the Harvard Board of Overseers Nominating Committee and is the chairman of the Harvard Overseers Committee to Visit the Department of Athletics.

From 1992 to 2001 Kirk was the chairman of the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs.

DNC
Kirk was a special assistant to Senator Ted Kennedy from 1969 to 1977. In 1983, he became treasurer of the national Democratic Party.

In 1985 Kirk was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee despite opposition from Virginia Governor Chuck Robb and a group of southern state Democrats who went on to form the Democratic Leadership Council. He caused a brief stir when he suggested means testing for Social Security, but he quickly withdrew his remarks. In the 1986 mid-term elections, under Kirk's chairmanship, the Democrats regained control of the Senate, which had had a Republican majority since the 1980 elections. Kirk resigned shortly after Republican vice president George H. W. Bush's victory over Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis in the 1988 presidential election. He was succeeded as DNC chairman by Ron Brown. During his time as DNC Chair, he promoted and executed a successful plan to take over the planning of presidential debates.

On May 2, 2008, Paul Kirk formally pledged his superdelegate nomination vote in the summer 2008 national Democratic convention to Barack Obama.

U.S. Senate
In August 2009, Senator Ted Kennedy died, leaving a vacancy in the Massachusetts Senate delegation. Five years earlier in 2004, the Massachusetts General Court had withdrawn the authority of the governor to fill a U.S. Senate vacancy by appointment, to prevent the then-Governor Mitt Romney, a Republican, from appointing a fellow Republican to fill the remainder of Democrat John Kerry's Senate term, if Kerry were to win the 2004 presidential election. The legislation was enacted over Romney's veto. At that time, Senator Ted Kennedy successfully made personal appeals to Massachusetts Democratic legislative leaders to pass the bill, which had been stalled prior to his request. The new law called for a special election months later to fill the vacancy. However, Kennedy's death denied Democrats in the U.S. Senate the 60‑vote supermajority required to end filibusters. Given the urgency of and narrow partisan support for some legislation before Congress, most notably health care reform, Democratic lawmakers and liberal pundits called for an interim senator to be appointed so that Massachusetts would have full Senate representation until the special election; Kennedy himself had requested such a change before he died. In September, the General Court passed legislation restoring the governor's power to make interim appointments to serve until the special election stipulated in the earlier legislation is held, over multiple bipartisan concerns of hypocrisy. Kennedy's two sons, Patrick J. Kennedy and Edward Kennedy Jr.; and his wife, Victoria Reggie Kennedy, had all expressed their preference for Kirk. On September 23, 2009, several national media organizations reported that Kirk was favored by the family of the late Senator Edward M. Kennedy to be the senator's interim replacement, and that the family had communicated their preference to Governor Deval Patrick. Governor Patrick announced Kirk's appointment the next day. Kirk pledged he would not be a candidate in the special election, which was won by Republican Scott Brown. Kirk was sworn into office on September 25, 2009.

On September 24, 2009, members of the Massachusetts Republican Party filed suit seeking to block the appointment of Kirk, saying that under commonwealth law, the law giving Gov. Patrick the right to appoint Kirk should not take effect for 90 days. A hearing was scheduled for the morning of September 25 to resolve the issue. A Suffolk Superior Court judge dismissed the case the same day, and Kirk took the oath of office as senator that afternoon.

On January 19, 2010, Scott Brown, a Republican state senator, was elected to serve the balance of Kennedy's term. Although Kirk was only appointed until his successor was elected, he continued to sit, and voted on the Senate floor on January 20, 2010, without any objection from Senate staff or Senate Republicans. This situation is analogous to 1993, when Kay Bailey Hutchison was elected on June 5, but Bob Krueger continued to hold the seat until she took the oath of office on June 14, but was different from when Ted Kennedy was allowed to be sworn into office the day after his special election to the Senate in 1962. Kirk was present at his successor's swearing in ceremony on February 4, 2010.

Later career
Kirk supported Bernie Sanders in the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries. Kirk has written opinion columns for The Boston Globe.

Personal life
In 1974, he married Gail Loudermilk. They reside in Marstons Mills, a village of Barnstable, Massachusetts. Kirk is a great-nephew of the late Cardinal William O'Connell and the brother-in-law of ice hockey player and coach Bill Cleary.

title: Paul G. Kirk


text:
1995 NHL entry draft

The 1995 NHL entry draft was the 33rd NHL entry draft. It was held at Northlands Coliseum in Edmonton, Alberta. The drafting order was now set partially by a lottery system whereby teams would not be guaranteed first pick if they finished last. Instead, a draft lottery was instituted in which the winner of the lottery could move up a maximum of four spots in the first-round draft order, meaning only the five worst teams, based on regular season points in a given season, could pick first in the draft, and no team in the non-playoff group could move down more than one place. The Los Angeles Kings won the lottery, and thus moved up four spots from seventh to third. The last-place finishers, the Ottawa Senators did not lose the first overall pick through the lottery and picked Bryan Berard. The first three selections were all defencemen. The top two picks swapped teams in a trade the following year.

The last active players in the NHL from this draft class were Jarome Iginla and Shane Doan, who both played their last NHL games in the 2016–17 season.

Selections by round
Club teams are located in North America unless otherwise noted.

Round one

 * 1)  Hartford's first-round pick went to Boston as the result of a trade on August 26, 1994 that sent Glen Wesley to Hartford in exchange for first-round picks of the 1996 entry draft and the 1997 entry draft along with this pick.
 * 2)  The Rangers' first-round pick went to Hartford as the result of a trade on March 23, 1995 that sent Pat Verbeek to the Rangers in exchange for Glen Featherstone, Michael Stewart, a fourth-round in the 1996 entry draft and this pick.
 * 3)  Vancouver's fifth-round pick went to Buffalo as the result of a trade on July 8, 1995 that sent Alexander Mogilny and a fifth-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to Vancouver in exchange for Michael Peca, Mike Wilson and this pick.
 * 4)  Washington acquired this pick with first-round picks in the 1991 entry draft, 1992 entry draft, 1993 entry draft and 1994 entry draft as compensation on July 16, 1990 after St. Louis signed free agent Scott Stevens.

Round two

 * 1) Montreal's second-round pick went to Winnipeg as the result of a trade on July 8, 1995 that sent Stephan Quintal to Montreal in exchange for this pick.
 * 2) Toronto's second-round pick went to the Islanders as the result of a trade on June 28, 1994 that sent the Islanders' third-round pick in the 1994 entry draft to Toronto in exchange for this pick.
 * 3) Pittsburgh's second-round pick went to Los Angeles as the result of a trade on July 29, 1994 that sent Luc Robitaille to Pittsburgh in exchange for Rick Tocchet and this pick.

Round three

 * 1)  The Islanders' third-round pick went to Toronto as the result of a trade on April 6, 1995 that sent Eric Fichaud to the Islanders in exchange for Benoit Hogue, a fifth-round pick in the 1996 entry draft and this pick.
 * 2)  Winnipeg's third-round pick went to Detroit as the result of a trade on May 25, 1994 that sent Sheldon Kennedy to Winnipeg in exchange for this pick.
 * 3)  Chicago's third-round pick went to Vancouver as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Gerald Diduck to Chicago in exchange for Bogdan Savenko and this pick.
 * Chicago previously acquired this pick as the result of a trade with Hartford on March 11, 1993 that sent the Frantisek Kucera and Jocelyn Lemieux to Hartford in exchange for Randy Cunneyworth, Gary Suter and this pick.
 * 1)  Toronto's third-round pick went to Winnipeg as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Tie Domi to Toronto in exchange for Mike Eastwood and this pick.
 * 2)  Winnipeg's third-round pick went to Dallas as the result of a trade on July 8, 1995 that sent a second-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to Winnipeg in exchange for this pick.
 * Winnipeg previously acquired this pick as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Mike Eagles and Igor Ulanov to Washington in exchange for a fifth-round pick in the 1995 entry draft and this pick.
 * 1)  Chicago's third-round pick was re-acquired as the result of a trade on June 3, 1994 that sent Neil Wilkinson to Winnipeg in exchange for this pick.
 * Chicago's third-round pick went to Winnipeg as the result of a trade on March 21, 1994 that sent Paul Ysebaert to Chicago in exchange for this pick.
 * 1)  Philadelphia's third-round pick went to Montreal as the result of a trade on February 9, 1995 that sent Eric Desjardins, Gilbert Dionne and John LeClair to Philadelphia in exchange for Mark Recchi and this pick.
 * 2)  Detroit's third-round pick went to New Jersey as the result of a trade on April 3, 1995 that sent Vyacheslav Fetisov to Detroit in exchange for this pick.

Round four

 * 1)  Ottawa's fourth-round pick went to New Jersey as the result of a trade on July 8, 1995 that sent Jaroslav Modry to Ottawa in exchange for this pick.
 * 2)  The Islanders' fourth-round pick went to Florida as the result of a trade on March 3, 1995 that sent Brent Severyn to the Islanders in exchange for this pick.
 * 3)  Anaheim's fourth-round pick went to Quebec as the result of a trade on February 20, 1994 that sent John Tanner to Anaheim in exchange for this pick.
 * 4)  Anaheim's fourth-round pick went to Chicago as the result of a trade on July 12, 1994 that sent Robert Dirk to Anaheim in exchange for this pick.
 * Anaheim previously acquired this pick as the result of a trade with Tampa Bay on June 29, 1994 that sent a third-round pick in 1994 entry draft to Anaheim in exchange for a third-round pick in 1994 entry draft and this pick.
 * 1)  Los Angeles' fourth-round pick went to Hartford as the result of a trade on May 31, 1995 that sent Jan Vopat to Los Angeles in exchange for this pick.
 * 2)  Florida's fourth-round pick went to Ottawa as the result of a trade on January 6, 1994 that sent Bob Kudelski to Florida in exchange for Evgeny Davydov, Scott Levins, a sixth-round pick in the 1994 entry draft and this pick.
 * Florida previously acquired this pick as the result of a trade with Dallas on December 16, 1993 that sent Jim McKenzie to Dallas in exchange for a fourth-round pick in 1994 entry draft or 1995 entry draft (this pick).
 * 1)  Toronto's fourth-round pick went to Washington as the result of a trade on February 10, 1995 that sent Warren Rychel to Toronto in exchange for this pick.
 * 2)  Philadelphia's fourth-round pick was re-acquired as the result of a trade on September 6, 1994 that sent Alex Selivanov to Tampa Bay in exchange for this pick.
 * Philadelphia's fourth-round pick went to Tampa Bay as the result of a trade on March 18, 1994 that sent Rob DiMaio to Philadelphia in exchange for Jim Cummins and this pick.
 * 1)  Colorado's fourth-round pick went to Ottawa as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Bill Huard to Quebec in exchange for rights to Mika Stromberg and this pick.  Quebec relocated to Denver to become the Colorado Avalanche after the 1994–95 NHL season.

Round five

 * 1)  Ottawa's fifth-round pick went to Washington as the result of a trade on January 18, 1995 that sent Don Beaupre to Ottawa in exchange for this pick.
 * 2)  Tampa Bay's fifth-round pick was re-acquired as the result of a trade on March 21, 1994, that sent Joe Reekie to Washington in exchange for Enrico Ciccone and a conditional fifth round pick (this pick).  Conditions of this draft pick are unknown.
 * Tampa Bay's fifth-round pick went to Washington as the result of a trade on October 22, 1993 that sent Pat Elynuik to Tampa Bay in exchange for a conditional fifth round pick (this pick). Conditions of this draft pick are unknown.
 * Tampa Bay's fourth-round pick was re-acquired as the result of a trade on January 28, 1993, that sent Basil McRae, Doug Crossman and a fourth-round pick in the 1996 entry draft to St. Louis in exchange for Jason Ruff, Tampa Bay's fourth-round pick in 1994 entry draft, sixth-round pick in 1996 entry draft and this pick.
 * Tampa Bay's fifth-round pick went to St. Louis as the result of a trade on June 19, 1992 that sent Pat Jablonski, Darin Kimble, Rob Robinson and Steve Tuttle to Tampa Bay in exchange for Tampa Bay's fourth-round pick in the 1994 entry draft, a sixth-round pick in the 1996 entry draft and this pick.
 * 1)  Winnipeg's fifth-round pick went to the Rangers as the result of a trade on June 7, 1995 that sent Ed Olczyk to Winnipeg in exchange for this pick.
 * 2)  Los Angeles' fifth-round pick went to Buffalo as the result of a trade on February 14, 1995 that sent Philippe Boucher, Grant Fuhr and Denis Tsygurov to Los Angeles in exchange for Charlie Huddy, Robb Stauber, Alexei Zhitnik and this pick.
 * 3)  Dallas' fifth-round pick went to Los Angeles as the result of a trade on June 7, 1995 that sent Jeff Mitchell to Dallas in exchange for this pick.
 * Dallas previously acquired this pick as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Russ Courtnall to Vancouver in exchange for Greg Adams, Dan Kesa and this pick.
 * 1)  Toronto's fifth-round pick went to Buffalo as the result of a trade on February 2, 1993 that sent Dave Andreychuk, Daren Puppa and Buffalo's first-round pick in the 1993 entry draft to Buffalo in exchange for Grant Fuhr and this pick.
 * 2)  Buffalo's fifth-round pick went to Vancouver as the result of a trade on July 8, 1995 that sent Michael Peca, Mike Wilson and a first-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to Buffalo in exchange for Alexander Mogilny and this pick.
 * 3)  Washington's fifth-round pick went to Winnipeg as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Mike Eagles and Igor Ulanov to Washington in exchange for a third-round pick in the 1995 entry draft and this pick.
 * 4)  Chicago's fifth-round pick went to Buffalo as the result of a trade on October 26, 1993 that sent Keith Carney and a sixth-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to Chicago in exchange for Craig Muni and this pick.
 * 5)  Calgary's fifth-round pick went to Washington as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Rick Tabaracci to Calgary in exchange for this pick.
 * 6)  Boston's fifth-round pick went to Detroit as the result of a trade on January 17, 1994 that sent Vincent Riendeau to Boston in exchange for this pick.
 * 7)  Philadelphia's fifth-round pick went to Detroit as the result of a trade on September 9, 1993 that sent Stewart Malgunas to Philadelphia in exchange for this pick.
 * 8)  Detroit's fifth-round pick went to San Jose as the result of a trade on February 27, 1995 that sent Bob Errey to Detroit in exchange for this pick.

Round six

 * 1)  The Islanders' sixth-round pick went to Philadelphia as the result of a trade on September 22, 1994 that sent Tommy Soderstrom to the Islanders in exchange for Ron Hextall and this pick.
 * 2)  Edmonton's sixth-round pick went to Philadelphia as the result of a trade on March 13, 1995 that sent Ryan McGill to Edmonton in exchange for Brad Zavisha and this pick.
 * 3)  Hartford's sixth-round pick went to Toronto as the result of a trade on January 25, 1994 that sent Ted Crowley to Hartford in exchange for Mark Greig and this pick.
 * 4)  Florida's sixth-round pick went to San Jose as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Gaetan Duchesne to Florida in exchange for this pick.
 * 5)  Buffalo's sixth-round pick went to Chicago as the result of a trade on October 26, 1993 that sent Craig Muni and a fifth-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to Buffalo in exchange for Keith Carney and this pick.
 * 6)  St. Louis' sixth-round pick (# 153 overall) was re-acquired as the result of a trade on July 8, 1995, that sent a sixth-round pick (# 149 overall) in the 1995 entry draft to Anaheim in exchange for this pick.
 * St. Louis' sixth-round pick went to Anaheim as the result of a trade on March 21, 1993 that sent Alexei Kasatonov to St. Louis in exchange for Maxim Bets and this pick.

Round seven

 * 1)  Ottawa's seventh-round pick went to Los Angeles as the result of a trade on June 25, 1994 that sent Jim Paek to Ottawa in exchange for this pick.
 * 2)  Dallas' seventh-round pick went to San Jose as the result of a trade on March 19, 1994 that sent Mike Lalor and Doug Zmolek to Dallas in exchange for Ulf Dahlen and this pick.
 * 3)  Washington's seventh-round pick went to Dallas as the result of a trade on March 21, 1994 that sent Jim Johnson to Washington in exchange for Alan May and this pick.

Round eight

 * 1)  Boston's eight-round pick went to Ottawa as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Craig Billington to Boston in exchange for this pick..
 * Boston previously acquired this pick as the result of a trade on February 10, 1995 that sent Paul Stanton to the Islanders in exchange for this pick.
 * 1)  Los Angeles' eighth-round pick went to Winnipeg as the result of a trade on March 27, 1995 that sent Arto Blomsten to Los Angeles in exchange for a conditional pick in the 1995 entry draft and this pick.  Conditions of the draft pick are unknown and no pick was taken.
 * 2)  Calgary's eighth-round pick went to Dallas as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Alan May to Calgary in exchange for this pick.

Round nine

 * 1)  Ottawa's ninth-round pick went to St. Louis as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Daniel Laperriere and a ninth-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to Ottawa in exchange for this pick.
 * 2)  Anaheim's ninth-round pick went to the Islanders as the result of a trade on August 31, 1994 that sent Darren Van Impe to Anaheim in exchange for this pick.
 * 3)  Calgary's ninth-round pick went to Colorado as the result of a trade on July 7, 1995 that sent David Ling and a ninth-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to Calgary in exchange for this pick.
 * 4)  St. Louis' ninth-round pick went to Ottawa as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent a ninth-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to St. Louis in exchange for Daniel Laperriere and this pick.
 * 5)  Colorado's ninth-round pick went to Calgary as the result of a trade on July 7, 1995 that sent a ninth-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to Calgary in exchange for David Ling and this pick.

title: 1995 NHL entry draft


text:
Talk:Irwell Sculpture Trail

Photos
The pictures are not very good, and used by permission only. Can someone replace then with free images? Justinc 23:16, 11 October 2005 (UTC) What is the difference between "used by permission" and "free"?

I seem to remember these images being flagged for deletion due to them being used with permission. It would be impossible to replace them with new free images due to acts of vandalism, depreciation, human interaction with many of the sculptures. The Bocholt tree is unrecognisable. The only way would be if someone had images taken on or about the opening date of the sculpture trail that could be used.I don't think they should be deleted and should be unflagged for deletion until such time as we know that they can be replaced. Madhatter1uk 01:34, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

co-ordinates
I have added some co-ordinates for the 8 metre slab - the thing is, its not exactly pretty the way they appear. Perhaps a table might be better? Parrot of Doom 16:49, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

Arresting Time
Hasn't this fallen into the river? --paypwip 10:36, 4 December 2007 (UTC)
 * If someone lets me know the location, I can check the next time I'm down there Parrot of Doom 12:07, 4 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I've been using a book for my project (Public sculpture of Greater Manchester by Terry Wyke), which indicates that this sculpture, despite being installed in an inaccessible place, had been completely destroyed by vandals. Little peaps (talk) 07:52, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Pictures, coordinates and descriptions
I've just started a hobby project to look at the current status of each of the sculptures along the trail. I've got hold hold of excellent source documents, and can use these to provide more detailed information and references. According to one reference I have, the "Arresting Time" sculpture has unfortunately been destroyed by vandals. I'm taking pictures as I go along, and will upload them soon. I'm also recording the coordinates, so will update those, too. One problem someone may be able to help me with: I haven't been able to locate "Trinity" yet. Any details of how to find it (coordinates would be excellent) would be appreciated. Little peaps (talk) 13:12, 15 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Trinity is simple to find, depends which side of the railway you're starting from. If coming from Radcliffe or Ringley Road, just head southeast towards the M62 and you'll find it on the right.  I would have placed coordinates on the image I took but its quite difficult to find on google maps.  Its on the old train line somewhere around this area: http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&ll=53.535232,-2.328994&spn=0.009577,0.028667&t=h&z=16 (the line runs from the footbridge over the motorway) Parrot of Doom (talk) 20:20, 15 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Actually I cycle around there all the time, I'll try and remember to record the GPS position next time I'm there. Parrot of Doom (talk) 23:04, 15 April 2008 (UTC)
 * 53.54025N by 2.34038W Parrot of Doom (talk) 19:07, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Many thanks - found it! Little peaps (talk) 07:52, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Irwell Sculpture Trail


text: Category:Politics of Newfoundland and Labrador


text:
Law in Star Trek

Law in Star Trek refers to the legal procedures and processes as seen in the Star Trek fictional universe. In several TV episodes and films since its inception in the 1960s, Star Trek has used fictional legal constraints and consequences as a plot device both as a parable for contemporary society in the real world, and to explore the society and politics of the future.

A discussion of this subject by Paul Joseph and Sharon Carton in the University of Toledo Law Review examines how this fictional set of laws deals with controversial issues in American law, such as the right to life and privacy, as well as the law's response to sexual orientation. The details and application of these laws, and the ways in which these reflect real-world legal systems, are further examined in the Adventures in Law and Justice: Exploring big legal questions in everyday life by Bryan Horrigan and Star Trek Visions of Law and Justice edited by Robert Chaires and Bradley Chilton. The former discusses the possibility of applying a comparison between law and a part of popular culture to the teaching of national and international law.

United Federation of Planets
In Star Trek, the Federation is depicted as a utopian interplanetary federal republic stressing the importance of sentient rights, respect for life, and non-aggression. A legislative, judiciary, and executive branch are present. The Prime Directive, a controversial guiding principle of the Federation, states that there should be no interference with the development of any pre-warp alien civilization; the only known higher law in the Federation (according to canon) is the highly classified 'Omega Directive', which directs captains to seek out and destroy the extremely dangerous 'omega particles' and effectively 'rescinds' the Prime Directive in cases where the 'Omega Directive' applies.

title: Law in Star Trek


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Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Hector Acuña

His students, such as me, thought he would appreciate this article on him. However, it seems that he does not. Due to the quotes and due to the fact that he does not like parents of new students to go online look for his name and find out most of his life. He simply feel its an invasion of privacy. If you check the History it was I who started the article, so you can verify so.

We feel we have caused enough trouble. Please delete the page. Please.


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User talk:Tanersonmez

- engineering

title: User talk:Tanersonmez


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User:Grandeandy

Contributions
Contributions to Wikipedia

title: User:Grandeandy


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Odonturus dentatus

Odonturus dentatus, known as the Kenyan deathstalker or giant orange deathstalker, is a small (roughly 5 cm) scorpion native to Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania in East Africa. It is mainly found in warm but not too dry savannahs, where it lives under rocks, logs and other ground items. This species has the typical slender claws found in most members of the family Buthidae.

title: Odonturus dentatus


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Talk:Raymond Brown

Sincere apologies to Raymond Alfred Brown: failed to notice before filling in the edit summary that the "redirect" had been done by someone else and not by himself. 23:20, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Ray Brown (Negro leagues pitcher) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 01:19, 17 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Raymond Brown


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Nepheloid layer

A nepheloid layer or nepheloid zone is a layer of water in the deep ocean basin, above the ocean floor, that contains significant amounts of suspended sediment. It is from 200 to 1000 m thick. The name comes from Greek: nephos, "cloud". The particles in the layer may come from the upper ocean layers and from stripping the sediments from the ocean floor by currents. Its thickness depends on bottom current velocity and is a result of balance between gravitational settling of particles and turbulence of the current. The formation mechanisms of nepheloid layers may vary, but primarily depend on deep ocean convection. Nepheloid layers can impact the accuracy of instruments when measuring bathymetry as well as affect the types of marine life in an area. There are several significant examples of nepheloid layers across the globe, including within the Gulf of Mexico and the Porcupine Bank.

Formation mechanisms
A surface nepheloid layer (SNL) may be created, due to particle flotation, while intermediate nepheloid layers (INL) may be formed at the slopes of the ocean bed due to the dynamics of internal waves. These intermediate nepheloid layers are derived from bottom nepheloid layers (BNL) after the layers become detached and spread along isopycnal surfaces.

Open ocean convection has a prominent effect on the distribution of nepheloid layers and their ability to form in certain areas of the ocean, such as the northern Atlantic Ocean and the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Nepheloid layers are more likely to form based on patterns of deep ocean circulation that directly affect the abyssal plain. This is largely through the disruption of accumulated sediments in areas that deep ocean currents interact with. Convection currents that disturb areas of the ocean floor such as those that circulate via ocean gyres also affect the concentration and relative sizes of the suspended sediments, and by extension the area's corresponding biotic activity.

Bathymetry
The existence of the nepheloid layer complicates bathymetric measurements: one has to take into account the reflections of lidar or ultrasonic pulses from the upper interface of this layer, as well as their absorption within the layer. Interference from the thick layers of suspended sediments can ultimately produce inaccurate results concerning submarine topography.

Marine life
Depending on the characteristics of a particular nepheloid layer, they can have a significant impact on marine life in the area. The layers of sediments can block natural light, making it difficult for photosynthetic organisms to survive. In addition, the suspended particulates can harm filter feeding organisms and plankton by blocking their gills or weighing them down.

Gulf of Mexico
A prominent nepheloid layer exists in the Gulf of Mexico extending from the delta of the Brazos River to South Padre Island. The layer of turbid water can begin as shallow as 20 meters and is caused mostly by clay run-off from multiple rivers. The silty bottom of the gulf also contributes to the high turbidity. Due to the blockage of light by this nepheloid layer, algae and coral are sparse, resulting in an animal-dominated community. This community is largely composed of infauna and consists of a detrital-based food chain. Many species of polychaete worms, amphipods, and brittle stars inhabit the benthic surface and can also be accompanied by some secondary consumers such as flounders, shrimp, crabs, and starfishes.

Porcupine Bank
A prominent nepheloid layer exists in the Porcupine Bank. Geographically, the nepheloid layers are more detectable and prominent along the Porcupine Bank's western slope. Both the bottom and intermediate nepheloid layers form due to a myriad of factors such as internal tides, waves, and subsequent bottom erosion. The intermediate nepheloid layer can also manifest by breaking off from the bottom layer, and the water column above the area in which the bottom nepheloid layer forms is marked by significant differences in temperature, density, and salinity.

title: Nepheloid layer


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Acacia cyperophylla

Acacia cyperophylla, commonly known as creekline miniritchie or red mulga, is a tree in the family Fabaceae. The species' range extends across arid and semi-arid regions of Central Australia, from Carnarvon in Western Australia to western Queensland and eastern New South Wales. It is commonly found growing in areas of slightly higher soil moisture such as in drainage lines and on the banks of rivers and creeks.

Description
Creekline miniritchie grows to a height of about seven metres. It usually has just one or two main trunks. Like most Acacia species, it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. These are rigid, round in cross-section with a diameter of about two millimetres, between ten and fifteen centimetres long, and curved. The flowers are yellow, and held in cylindrical clusters about two centimetres long. The pods are broad and flat, about eight centimetres long and seven millimetres wide. Creekline miniritchie is most readily identified by its distinctive "minni ritchi" bark, which constantly peels off in small curling flakes, making the tree look like it has a coat of curly hair. On creekline miniritchie, this is an orange-brown colour.

Varieties
There are two varieties, A. c. var. cyperophylla and A. c. var. omearana. The latter variety is known from only a few populations near Port Hedland, all of which are under threat. A. cyperophylla var. omearana has been classified "Priority 1" under the Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act, and is under consideration for declaration as "rare flora".

title: Acacia cyperophylla


text: Category:Politics of Nova Scotia

title: Category:Politics of Nova Scotia


text: User talk:130.89.197.56

title: User talk:130.89.197.56


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Ciliary ganglion

The ciliary ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion located just behind the eye in the posterior orbit. It is 1–2 mm in diameter and in humans contains approximately 2,500 neurons. The ganglion contains postganglionic parasympathetic neurons. These neurons supply the pupillary sphincter muscle, which constricts the pupil, and the ciliary muscle which contracts to make the lens more convex. Both of these muscles are involuntary since they are controlled by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

The ciliary ganglion is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head. The others are the submandibular ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, and otic ganglion.

Structure
The ciliary ganglion contains postganglionic parasympathetic neurons that supply the ciliary muscle and the pupillary sphincter muscle. Because of the much larger size of the ciliary muscle, 95% of the neurons in the ciliary ganglion innervate it compared to the pupillary sphincter.

Roots
Three types of axons enter the ciliary ganglion but only the preganglionic parasympathetic axons synapse there. The entering axons are arranged into three roots which join enter the posterior surface of the ganglion:
 * The sensory root branches from the nasociliary nerve and travels through the ganglion forming part of the short ciliary nerves. These sensory axons supply the cornea, ciliary body and iris.
 * The sympathetic root originates from the internal carotid plexus with cell bodies in the superior cervical ganglion. The axons pass through the ganglion and enter the eye without synapsing into the short ciliary nerves. The sympathetic root contains the postganglionic sympathetic axons that provide sympathetic supply to the blood vessels of the eye. Sometimes, they also supply the pupillary dilator muscle, however these axons usually travel from the nasociliary nerve to the long ciliary nerves to enter the eye.
 * The parasympathetic root branches from the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve and carries the preganglionic parasympathetic axons from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus to the ciliary ganglion. Within the ganglion the axons synapse onto the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons. These neurons project axons through the short ciliary nerves to innervate the ciliary muscle and pupillary sphincter muscle.

Short ciliary nerves
Exiting from the anterior surface of the ciliary ganglion are the short ciliary nerves which contain the sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and postganglionic parasympathetic axons to the eye.

Adie tonic pupil
Diseases of the ciliary ganglion produce a "tonic pupil", which is a pupil that does not react to light (it is “fixed”) and has an abnormally slow and prolonged response to attempted near vision (accommodation).

When a person with an Adie pupil attempts to focus on a nearby object, the pupil (which would normally constrict rapidly) constricts slowly. On close inspection, the constricted pupil is not perfectly round. When the person focuses on a more distant object (say the far side of the room), the pupil (which would normally dilate immediately) remains constricted for several minutes, and then slowly dilates back to the expected size.

Tonic pupils are fairly common – they are seen in roughly 1 out of every 500 people. A person with anisocoria (one pupil bigger than the other) whose pupil does not react to light (does not constrict when exposed to bright light) most likely has Adie syndrome – idiopathic degeneration of the ciliary ganglion.

Physiology
The strange behavior of tonic pupils was first explained by Irene Loewenfeld in 1979. The ciliary ganglion contain many more nerve fibers directed to the ciliary muscle than nerve fibers directed to the constrictor pupillae – roughly twenty times more. The ciliary muscle is also more massive than the constrictor pupillae, again by a factor of twenty. Based on these observations, Loewenfeld proposed an explanation of the tonic pupil. She noted that pathological destruction of nerve cells in the ciliary ganglion that is found in all cases of Adie pupil. In her own words:

 * Let’s say that in a given fresh Adie’s pupil, a random 70% of the cells in the ciliary ganglion stop working; and that, in a couple of months, these neurons re-grow and randomly re-innervate both intraocular sphincters (the ciliary muscle and the iris sphincter). Some parasympathetic light-reaction neurons that were originally destined for the iris sphincter will end up innervating the ciliary muscle.  But there will not be enough of them to budge that big muscle, so there will be no detectable accommodation with exposure to light.  The other way around, it is a different story.  There will be plenty of accommodative neurons re-growing into the iris sphincter, and it won’t take very many of them to make a little muscle like the iris sphincter contract.  This means that every time the patient accommodates her gaze to a near object, some of the innervation to the ciliary muscle will spill over into the iris and constrict the pupil.

Loewenfeld’s theory is now generally accepted. It explains the defining features of a tonic pupil:

 * (1) The pupil does not react to light. The original light-reaction neurons have been destroyed.

 * (2) Tonic constriction with attempted near vision. Aberrant regeneration of nerve fibers intended for the ciliary muscle causes abnormal, tonic contraction of the pupil with accommodation.

 * (3) Segmental iris constriction. When carefully examined under magnification, the iris does not constrict uniformly with attempted near vision.  Only the re-innervated segments contract, producing a slightly irregular contour to the pupil.

 * (4) Denervation supersensitivity. Like any denervated muscle, the iris becomes supersensitive to its normal neurotransmitter (in this case, acetylcholine).  Very weak solutions of cholinergic substances such as pilocarpine (that have no effect on the normal iris) cause the denervated iris to constrict.

Tonic pupils are usually due to Adie syndrome, but other diseases can denervate the ciliary ganglion. Peripheral neuropathies (such as diabetic neuropathy) occasionally produce tonic pupils. Herpes zoster virus can attack the ciliary ganglion. Trauma to the orbit can damage the short ciliary nerves. Anything that denervates the ciliary ganglion will produce a tonic pupil due to aberrant nerve regeneration.

Adie syndrome
Adie syndrome is tonic pupil plus absent deep tendon reflexes. Adie syndrome is a fairly common, benign, idiopathic neuropathy that selectively affects the ciliary ganglion and the spinal cord neurons involved in deep tendon reflex arcs. It usually develops in middle age, although it can occur in children. A variant of Adie syndrome, Ross syndrome, affects sweating as well.

Early in the course of Adie syndrome (when the cells of the ciliary ganglion have been destroyed, but before regeneration has occurred) the pupil will be fixed and dilated. The sphincter pupillae will be paralyzed. There will be no response to accommodation – the ciliary muscle is also paralyzed.

With aberrant nerve regeneration, the pupil will remain fixed, but it will constrict with attempted near vision. The constriction will be abnormal (“tonic”).

Late in the course of Adie syndrome, the pupil becomes small (as all pupils do with old age). It will still be “fixed” (it will not constrict to bright light) and it will continue to show abnormal, tonic constriction with attempted near vision.

Light-near dissociation
In some neurological disorders, the pupil does not react to light, but it does react to accommodation. This is called “light-near dissociation”.

In Adie syndrome, damage involving the ciliary ganglion manifests light-near dissociation and a tonically dilated pupil (usually on the same side).

Other causes of light-near dissociation involve damage to the brainstem, where a tonic pupil is not produced. Brainstem causes of light-near dissociation include Argyll Robertson pupil and Parinaud syndrome.

Irene Loewenfeld is generally credited for being the first physiologist to make this distinction.

title: Ciliary ganglion


text: User:Wikisculptor

title: User:Wikisculptor


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User:Nomadtales/Mtnbox Start Test

   Elevation:  Location:  Range:

title: User:Nomadtales/Mtnbox Start Test


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Seaspan ULC

Seaspan ULC (formerly Seaspan Marine Corporation) provides marine-related services to the Pacific Northwest. Within the Group are three (3) shipyards, an intermodal ferry and car float business, along with a tug and barge transportation company that serves both domestic and international markets. Seaspan, is part of the Washington Companies that are owned by Dennis Washington. Kyle Washington (son of Dennis Washington), is the Executive Chairman of Seaspan, who has become a Canadian citizen.

Seaspan ULC was formerly known as Seaspan Marine Corporation, and prior to that Washington Marine Group.

Seaspan ULC
Seaspan ULC evolved into a prominent marine transportation company serving the West Coast of North America with a large tugboat and barge fleet. Seaspan's barges haul forestry materials (logs, wood chips, hog fuel, lumber, pulp, paper and newsprint), minerals (construction aggregate and limestone), railcars, plus machinery, fuel and supplies to coastal communities. Seaspan also provides ship docking services to the Ports of Vancouver, Victoria, Esquimalt and other BC out ports.

Seaspan Ferries Corporation
Seaspan Ferries Corporation is a commercial roll on - roll off ferry service providing regularly scheduled transportation between British Columbia's Lower Mainland terminal in Delta and Vancouver Island's Nanaimo and Swartz Bay terminals. Based in Delta, B.C., Seaspan Ferries Corporation transports semi-trailer trucks, containers, and rail cars on self-propelled ferries and integrated tug-barge units. The train ferry is the link between the railways on the British Columbia mainland and the Southern Railway of Vancouver Island at Nanaimo.

Ocean tugs

 * Seaspan Royal
 * Seaspan Commodore
 * Seaspan King
 * Starpan marine

Coastal tugs

 * Seaspan Pacer
 * Seaspan Cavalier
 * Seaspan Corsair
 * Seaspan Cutlass
 * Seaspan Queen
 * Seaspan Commander
 * Seaspan Champion
 * Comox Crown
 * HaiSea Guardian
 * Seaspan Protector

Ship assist & escort tugs

 * Seaspan Foam
 * Cates #4
 * Ace
 * Seaspan Kestrel
 * Seaspan Osprey
 * Seaspan Resolution
 * Seaspan Eagle
 * Seaspan Raven
 * Seaspan Falcon
 * Seaspan Hawk
 * Cates #1
 * Cates #3
 * Cates #5
 * Cates #8
 * Cates #10
 * Cates #20

River tugs

 * Seaspan Tempest
 * Seaspan Venture
 * Seaspan Scout
 * JRW

Ferries

 * Seaspan Swift: Seaspan's first of two new dual-fueled/hybrid (diesel, liquefied natural gas and battery) ferries.
 * Seaspan Reliant: the second of Seaspan's hybrid RNG/LNG-fueled vessel.
 * Princess Superior: Former BCCSS (British Columbia Coast Steamship Service) ferry from 1993 to 1998.
 * Seaspan Challenger/Coastal Spirit: Barge pusher tug (Challenger ex. Hecate Crown of Crown Zellerbach).
 * Seaspan Greg (ex: Greg Yorke): Former F M Yorke & Sons Ltd rail car barge from 1964 to 1972. Renamed to current name in 1974.
 * Fraser Link: Barge (ex. Cordova).
 * Seaspan Pusher: pushing tugboat pusher Fraser Link (ex. Sealink Pusher).
 * Van Isle Link: Barge (ex. Fairbanks). Pushed by Amix tug Arctic Hooper.

Development in progress

 * Protecteur-class auxiliary vessel for Royal Canadian Navy
 * HMCS Protecteur - construction commenced June 2018 with delivery in 2025
 * HMCS Preserver - TBD with delivery expected in 2027

Former vessels

 * Pacificat-class ferries: Built by Catarman Ferries International in North Vancouver. Three ferries bought at auction by Seaspan in 2003 from BC Ferries. In 2009 the three ferries were sold to Abu 6 Mar, a luxury yacht builder. In the six years with Seaspan, the ferries were held in storage where they remained up for sale.
 * Seaspan Doris (ex: Doris Yorke): Former F M Yorke & Sons Limited ferry from 1968 to 1972. Built by Victoria Machinery Company of Victoria. Renamed to current name in 1974. As of 2012 the ferry was mothballed in North Vancouver.

Shipyards
Near to Pacific Northwest shipping lanes, Seaspan Shipyards are a resource for the region's important marine industry. The Group's operations consist of three shipyards.

Vancouver Drydock
Located on the north shore of Vancouver Harbour at the eastern end of the former Burrard Dry Dock site, Vancouver Drydock operates two floating drydocks with lifting capacities of 36,000 tonnes in a Panamax beam dock, and 30,000 tonnes in a self-contained deployable dock.

Seaspan plans to extend the Vancouver Drydock a further 40 m into Burrard Inlet, and then add three more smaller dry docks to increase its ship repair capacity at this site, to allow for increased shipbuilding efforts at its other sites.

Vancouver Shipyards
Vancouver Shipyards designs, constructs, maintains, and repairs all types of vessels. The yard's facilities include a major steel forming shop, a large fabrication and assembly hall, a totally enclosed paint facility, and a SyncroLift capable of lifting vessels up to 1,200 tonnes. One of west coasts only LBTS (land based test site) is set up at Vancouver shipyards to test and integrate ship based systems prior to installation on ships.

Victoria Shipyards
Utilizing the Esquimalt Graving Dock, owned and operated by Public Services and Procurement Canada (formerly Public Works and Government Services Canada), Victoria Shipyards can drydock and repair vessels up to 100,000 DWT. Victoria Shipyards is the largest ship repair company on Canada's Pacific coast.

Marine Petrobulk
For over a quarter of a century, Marine Petrobulk has supplied all grades of bunker fuels to vessels entering the ports of Vancouver, New Westminster, Victoria, Prince Rupert, Kitimat and Nanaimo.

History
Seaspan, as it is known today, is the product of a series of acquisitions and mergers in the coastal marine transportation and shipbuilding/ship repair business. Seaspan was created in 1970 by the merger of two prominent coastal towing firms: Vancouver Tug Boat Company (formed in 1898 by Harry A Jones) and Island Tug & Barge (formed in 1924 by Harold Elworthy). In addition to being the largest tug and barge operation on the lower coast, Vancouver Tug also owned Vancouver Shipyards. In 1968 or 1969, Vancouver Tug was acquired by the construction firm Dillingham Corporation, while Island Tug & Barge was acquired by Genstar Ltd. in 1969. The following year, Genstar joined with Dillingham to merge Island Tug and Vancouver Tug into a new corporation, Seaspan International Ltd. (In 1993 the name "Island Tug and Barge" was sold to the Shields family, of Shields Navigation, and the current Island Tug and Barge is not affiliated with Seaspan.)

Another prominent branch of the family tree was C H Cates & Sons Towing, generally known as Cates Towing, which was the primary shipdocking tug outfit in the Port of Vancouver for much of the 20th Century. Captain Charles Henry Cates arrived from Machias, Maine in 1885 and built the first cargo-handling wharf on the North Vancouver waterfront. He expanded into boatbuilding and repair and his tugs towed barges of building stone and assisted ships in Burrard Inlet. In 1913 he formed C H Cates Towing, then joined with his three sons, all master mariners, to incorporate the company as CH Cates and Sons Limited in 1921.

Vancouver Shipyard was founded in 1902 at the foot of Denman Street in Vancouver's Coal Harbour. Primarily a builder of small fishing and pleasure boats, the company built two minesweepers for the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. It was acquired by Vancouver Tug in 1954. In 1968 or 1969, both Vancouver Tug and Vancouver Shipyards were acquired by Dillingham Corporation and moved to their present site at the foot of Pemberton Avenue in North Vancouver, where a larger shipyard was established. Since that time the company has constructed, outfitted, or converted 192 tugs, barges and ferries at the shipyard.

Seaspan acquired many of the assets of the former Versatile Pacific Shipyards in two separate transactions. First, Seaspan and Allied Shipbuilders formed a partnership and, with assistance from both Federal and Provincial governments, created Vancouver Drydock Company to acquire the floating drydocks and some onshore facilities in North Vancouver from the defunct firm. Seaspan later acquired Allied's interest in the company.

Meanwhile, in 1994 Vancouver Shipyards (Esquimalt) Ltd. (now Victoria Shipyards) was created at the Esquimalt Graving Dock to fill the void left when the Yarrows shipyard in Esquimalt went bankrupt. Since then, Victoria Shipyards has become prominent in refitting and repair of cruise ships and vessels of the Royal Canadian Navy, including life-extension servicing of the five Halifax-class frigates based at CFB Esquimalt and the four Victoria-class submarines. It built the Orca-class patrol vessel fleet for the Royal Canadian Navy, constructed over two dozen search and rescue lifeboats for the Canadian Coast Guard, and assembled and launched the newest Seabus, the Burrard Pacific Breeze.

Chronological history of Seaspan
( except where noted)

 * 1970 - Seaspan International Ltd is created.
 * 1972 - Seaspan acquires F.M. Yorke & Sons Ltd.
 * 1973 - Genstar purchased Dillingham's interest and obtained full ownership of Seaspan.
 * 1977 - Seaspan acquires Gulf of Georgia Towing.
 * 1980 - Marine Petrobulk Ltd (50% owned by Seaspan) is created to provide fuelling services to vessels in the ports of Vancouver, New Westminster, Victoria, Nanaimo, Kitimat and Prince Rupert.
 * 1986 - Imasco Ltd. acquires Genstar and gains controlling interest in Seaspan, then sells Seaspan to McLuan Capital Group later that year.
 * 1992 - Dennis Washington makes his first investment in British Columbia's marine industry by purchasing C. H. Cates & Sons Towing and its subsidiary Seaforth Towing. This is when Washington Marine Group was first formed.
 * 1995 - Washington acquires Norsk Towing from Fletcher Challenge.
 * 1996 - Washington purchases Seaspan.
 * 1997 - Washington purchases Kingcome Navigation from MacMillan Bloedel. Kingcome's roots go back to 1912 when it was formed to tow logs from logging camps to the paper mill in Powell River, British Columbia.
 * 1998 - Washington purchases the rail and truck ferry service of Coastal Marine Operations from the Canadian Pacific Railway; it becomes a subsidiary of Seaspan and is renamed Seaspan Coastal Intermodal.
 * 1999 - Seaspan, Cates, Seaforth, Norsk and Kingcome are all amalgamated into Seaspan International. Dennis Washington sets up Washington Marine Group with separate divisions for towing, shipbuilding and ship repair, coastal intermodal, and bunkering services.
 * 2010 - Vancouver Shipyards is shortlisted for the Federal Government's National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy (NSPS). The program, worth CAD$35 billion, is planned to build replacement ships for the Royal Canadian Navy and Canadian Coast Guard over a 30-year period.  Two Canadian shipyards will be selected, one to build combat vessels, the other non-combat vessels.
 * 2011 - In a corporate restructuring, Washington Marine Group is renamed Seaspan Marine Corporation; the shipbuilding, coastal ferries and bunkering services become subsidiaries of the towing division.
 * 2011 - As the winning bidder of the $8 billion non-combat package of a $35 billion federal shipbuilding contract on 19 October 2011, Seaspan Marine will build seven and possibly eight vessels for the Canadian Coast Guard and Department of National Defence. These will include scientific research vessels, fisheries vessels, polar icebreaker CCGS John G. Diefenbaker, and two or three support vessels for the Royal Canadian Navy.
 * 2012 – Seaspan's Vancouver Shipyards commences the $170 million Shipyard Modernization Project in preparation for federal shipbuilding contracts under the NSS program.
 * 2014 – Canada's largest permanent gantry crane arrives at Seaspan's Vancouver Shipyards. The crane weighs in at 300 tonnes, stands 80 m high and spans 76 m.
 * 2018 Victoria Shipyards along with Davie and Halifax Shipyards share a $7 billion contract to maintain and repair the Halifax-class frigates and will be responsible for the five frigates based at CFB Esquimalt.

title: Seaspan ULC


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Georgenburg

Georgenburg (German for "George['s] Castle") may refer to:

 * Georgenburg, German name of Jurbarkas, a city in Lithuania
 * Georgenburg, German name of Mayovka, a rural locality in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia

 * See also
 * Georgenberg (German for "George['s] Mountain")

title: Georgenburg


text: Category:Politics of Ontario

title: Category:Politics of Ontario