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Traverse City West Senior High School

Traverse City West Senior High School (also known as West Senior High, TC West, or simply TCW) is a public, co-educational secondary school located outside Traverse City, Michigan, in neighboring Garfield Township. Along with Traverse City Central High School, TC West is part of the Traverse City Area Public Schools district, and one of six high schools in Traverse City. The school enrolls about 1,500 students each year, making it the largest high school in Michigan north of Kent County. The school was established in 1997, and opened in early 1998. Since 2008, Traverse City West has offered grades 9 through 12. Additionally, students are given the option to dual enroll and attend classes at Northwestern Michigan College. In addition to the dual enrollment program, a wide variety of honors and AP classes are offered.

History
Prior to 1997, Traverse City only had one public high school, Traverse City Senior High School, built in 1959 at the base of the Old Mission Peninsula. Until this point, Traverse City Senior High was Michigan's largest high school, with over 3,000 students enrolled annually. A proposal for a new school was brought to the TCAPS board in June 1996, with a number of other proposed names listed, including:

 * Traverse City Western High School
 * Traverse City West View High School
 * Traverse City West Hills High School
 * Traverse City Forest View High School

Other proposed school team names were listed in this proposal, too, including:

 * Buffaloes
 * Cougars
 * Eagles
 * Highlanders
 * Spartans (in honor of the Michigan State Spartans)

A groundbreaking ceremony was held on June 7, 1996, and the new school was finally opened to students on January 26, 1998. Since that time, West Senior High's enrollment has generally encompassed students living west of Division Street. In 2009, a new gymnasium and athletic hub was added to the school.

In 2020, alumnus Chasten Buttigieg, spouse of United States Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg, wrote I Have Something to Tell You. The memoir includes anecdotes about Buttigieg's time at Traverse City West, calling it Traverse City's "hick school", citing the school's tradition of "Bring Your Tractor to School Day".

In 2016 and 2022, the Traverse City West student section, nicknamed the "Bleacher Creatures", won the Battle of the Fans, an MHSAA contest that determines the best student section in the state of Michigan.

In 2022, after 25 years of competing in the Big North Conference, Traverse City West and rival Traverse City Central moved their football programs into the North Division of the Saginaw Valley League.

In October 2023, construction began on a new "Innovation & Manufacturing Center" at the school, focusing on STEM education. The new wing is expected to open by the end of 2024.

Principals
In its history, Traverse City West has had two head principals:

Academics
Traverse City West offers 132 classes to its students, including 17 AP courses. In addition, students are also given the option to dual-enroll with Northwestern Michigan College. Students can also attend the Career-Tech Center of TBAISD, which offers special technological education for juniors and seniors at West, as those of other districts under TBAISD.

West's student body is divided into three "neighborhoods": Athens, Olympia, and Sparta. These neighborhoods offer smaller learning communities and the chance to form better bonds with their peers and educators.

Demographics
The demographic breakdown of Traverse City West's 1,509 students enrolled in 2022–23 was:

 * Female – 50.8%
 * Male – 49.2%
 * American Indian/Alaska Native – 1.3%
 * Asian – 1.5%
 * Black – 1.6%
 * Hispanic – 3.8%
 * Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander – 0.1%
 * White – 88.5%
 * Multiracial – 3.4%

Additionally, 519 students (34.4%) were eligible for reduced-price or free lunch.

Athletics
Traverse City West's sports teams are known as the Titans. Since 2022, the school has been part of the Blue Division of the Saginaw Valley League for football, and the Big North Conference for other school-sanctioned sports. West is considered a Division-1 and Class A school by MHSAA, meaning it is in the highest enrollment class for the state. West offers the following sports:
 * Fall sports

 * Boys' Soccer
 * Boys' Tennis
 * Cheerleading
 * Cross Country
 * Football
 * Girls' Golf
 * Rowing
 * Swimming
 * Volleyball

 * Winter sports

 * Basketball
 * Wrestling
 * Cross Country Skiing
 * Bowling
 * Figure Skating
 * Hockey
 * Skiing (Alpine)

 * Spring sports

Traverse City West has won six Division 1 Alpine Ski State Championships; three boys (2021, 2022, 2023) and three girls (2015, 2023, 2024).
 * Baseball
 * Boys' Golf
 * Equestrian Club
 * Girls' Soccer
 * Girls' Tennis
 * Lacrosse
 * Rowing
 * Sailing
 * Softball
 * Track and Field

Traverse City Central High School
Since Traverse City Senior High School split in 1997, there has been a natural rivalry between West and Central. Every year since, the two schools have met at least once a year for each sport, with football, basketball, and ice hockey being the most intense matchups. Since 2012, this annual football game between the schools has been known as the Traverse City Patriot Game, and honors fallen members of the United States Armed Forces from Northwest Michigan. The winning team is awarded the Nowak-Olson Trophy. In 2020, the game was known as the Celebrate Service Game, and honored frontline workers of the COVID-19 pandemic. TC West has won 15 of the 29 football matchups with TC Central.

Grand Haven High School
Traverse City West also has a football rivalry with the Buccaneers of Grand Haven High School in Ottawa County. This began in 2016, and has been played as West's second game of the season in every year since. This rivalry began because the two cities are both designated Coast Guard Cities by the United States Coast Guard. The winning team is awarded the Coast Guard Cup.

Notable Alumni

 * Chasten Buttigieg (class of 2007), Former First Gentleman of South Bend, Indiana
 * Jake Fisher (class of 2011), NFL Player for the Cincinnati Bengals and Buffalo Bills
 * Eric Gordon (class of 2005), former Michigan State Spartan linebacker
 * Ryan Hayes (class of 2018), former Michigan Wolverines football player and NFL player for the Miami Dolphins
 * Darren Keyton (class of 2008), former NFL Player for the Detroit Lions
 * Phil Thiel (class of 2003), former professional rugby player for Life University
 * Casey Townsend (class of 2007), Professional Soccer Player for FC Cincinnati
 * Katie Larson and Savannah Buist of The Accidentals

Spirit Rock Controversy
In 2017, the "spirit rock," a large stone often painted by students to celebrate various victories, suddenly went missing. After an investigation, it was discovered that principal Joe Esper directed vice principal Charles Kolbusz to bury the rock. Kolbusz brought a backhoe to the school after-hours, and buried the rock in a hole he dug on school grounds. Superintendent Paul Soma reported that, upon initial questioning, both conspirators denied any knowledge of the events. Following the investigation, Esper was put on unpaid leave for five days. In 2018, the administration put a new spirit rock in the old one's place.

title: Traverse City West Senior High School


text:
Ostan

Ostan may refer to:

 * OS-tan, Internet personifications of operating systems
 * Ostan (Geography), Iranian name for "province"
 * Ostan or Óstán, Irish word for "hotel", which may be seen around Ireland
 * Spring festival in Austria, 2 days after Easter
 * Polish name for "Go with God"
 * Ostan, Old High German word for "dawn"
 * Östan, Swedish word meaning "East wind"

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ostan


text:
User:Alphax/Licensing

For all edits to articles in the main namespace:

If you don't think I'm allowed to do that:

For everything else except my userspace pages:

For any javascript I've contributed (or will contribute):

 This work is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This work is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307  USA

title: User:Alphax/Licensing


text:
Talk:Simiganj

The river
Simiganj is a very nice river in Tajikistan. --213.187.134.113 11:59, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The river now has its own article: Simiganj River. --Bejnar (talk) 01:11, 8 April 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Simiganj


text:
Black drop

Black drop may refer to:

 * Black drop effect, an optical phenomenon visible during a transit of Venus
 * Kendal Black Drop, names sometimes used for a 19th century medicine made with opium
 * Pitch drop experiment, demonstration of the time that it takes for a drop of pitch to fall

title: Black drop


text:
Baztan, Navarre

Baztan is a municipality from the Chartered Community of Navarre, northern Spain. It is located 58 km from Pamplona, the capital of Navarre. It is the largest municipality in Navarre, with around 376.8 km2 and just over 8,000 inhabitants.

Settlements
The capital of the valley is Elizondo, and includes 15 other villages, as follows:
 * Amaiur-Maya
 * Aniz
 * Arraioz
 * Almandoz
 * Arizkun
 * Azpilkueta
 * Berroeta
 * Elbete
 * Erratzu
 * Gartzain
 * Irurita
 * Lekaroz
 * Erratzu
 * Oronoz-Mugairi
 * Ziga

Geography
The territory of the Baztan valley extends over an area of 377 square km of which much is common land jointly owned by the residents of the Baztan valley and primarily used as grazing ground for flocks of sheep and herds of semi-wild horses. The Baztan Valley borders with the French Basque regions of Lapurdi and Lower Navarre which is accessed by the Izpegi Pass to the east of the valley and Dantxarinea to the north. This vicinity to France and its ties with its Basque neighbours has greatly characterised the history of the Baztan people over the past centuries. In 2013, there were 7,974 people living in the Baztan Valley with 3489 people living in the capital of Elizondo. The remaining population are spread out between the other 14 mountain villages (see above).

The Baztan Valley is sparsely populated with small-scale pastoral farming making use of the verdant pastures along the banks of the Baztan river. Orchards of apple, quince, cherry, pear and peach trees are common and more recently kiwis have been planted in the area. The mountain slopes are densely covered with oak, chestnut, walnut, beech, and ash. The odd palm tree can sometimes be found in the grounds of the larger manor houses in the area and often belies family links to the Americas where many Baztan people have emigrated since the 16th century.

Viscounty (1025-1235)
Around 1025 the duke of Gascony, Sancho VI William (son of Duke William II Sánchez and Urraca Garcés of Navarre, widow of Count Fernán González of Castile), gave part of the duchy to King Sancho III of Navarre. Sancho created a lordship for Ximen I Ochoaniz consisting of the Baztan Valley. His son Garcia Xemeniz became a viscount between 1055 and 1065, and his grandson Ximen I Garciez (lord of Lizarra and the Salazar Valley from 1051 to 1080) donated land to the monastery of Leire in exchange for a pardon for assassinating his nephew.

When his siblings assassinated King Sancho IV of Navarre in 1076, they colluded with the bishops of Bayonne. The kings of Navarre were Ramiro I of Aragon and Navarre (Sancho III of Navarre's son, died 1065) and his successor Sancho Ramirez, known as Sancho V of Navarre and Aragon. These Navarrese-Aragonese kings ruled the thinly-populated Aragon with less military strength than Alfonso VI of Castile (1040–1109), a nephew of Ramiro I of Aragon.

Viscount Ximen II's daughter, Maria, married Fortun Enneconis de Los Cameros in 1085.

They had two sons: Ximen III Fortunez (Viscount of Baztan) in 1119 and Pedro I Fortunez, the following viscount. A son of Viscount Pedro II Pedriz of Baztan married around 1110 and had three sons: Sancho Pedriz de Baztan, Pedro Pedriz de Baztan and Ximen Pedriz de Baztan.

At this time, the king of Navarre and Aragon was Sancho V Ramirez. His successor was his son by a second marriage to a French Nordic aristocrat, Félicia de Roucy: Alfonso I of Aragon and Navarre (died 1134). Alfonso besieged Bayonne for nearly a year in 1131 before conquering it. His successor was Garcia IV Ramirez (died 1150).

During the 1150s the fishing towns of the Gulf of Biscay between Bordeaux and Vigo, between the Duchy of Normandy and the new Iberian kingdom of Portugal (including the Basque Country), became trading hubs for iron, wool, gold, silver, glass, salt and leather. Garcia IV's grandson, Sancho VII of Navarre (died 1234), was succeeded by the count of Champagne, Theobald I of Navarre.

===Champagne counts (1235–1305)===

Theobald I of Navarre was succeeded by Theobald II of Navarre (c. 1238 – December 4, 1270), who died childless. The Navarrese crown passed to his youngest brother, Henry I of Navarre (c. 1244 – 22 July 1274), who ruled for about three years.

Capet-Évreux dynasty (1348-1446)
Joanna II of Navarre (born 1312) married Philip III of Navarre, who was killed in 1343. She died in 1349. France and Navarre were de facto independent kingdoms.

Their eldest son was Charles II of Navarre (1332–1387), who ruled for about 38 years. His heir was King Charles III of Navarre (died 1425), who also ruled also for about 38 years. His daughter was Queen Blanche I of Navarre, who ruled from 1425 to 1441.

Families

The Escors family, from Aquitaine, settled in the kingdom of Navarre in 1234 after the counts of Champagne inherited the throne. The family represented the kings of Navarre in governmental, financial and military affairs from the 13th to the 15th centuries. Nicolás Ambrosio de Garro y Arizcun, (Madrid, 1747 - Ibidem, 20 April 1825) became Marqués de las Hormazas in 1767.

Juan de Goyeneche y Gastón, (Baztan, 1656 - Nuevo Baztan, Madrid, April 1735) became the treasurer and financial adviser to the queen consorts of Spain around 1680, and provided war materiel to the Spanish Army for over 30 years. His palace in Madrid is now the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.

Juan Francisco de Goyeneche Irigoyen was the Marqués de Ugena. Francisco Miguel de Goyeneche y Balzá, Conde de Saceda, received his title from King Felipe V on 17 December 1743.

Miguel Gastón de Iriarte y Elizacoechea built the family palace in Irurita, Baztan. Agustín de Jáuregui y Aldecoa, (Lecaroz, Baztan, 1711 - Lima, 27 April 1784), was Royal Governor of Chile from 1772 to 1780 and Viceroy of Peru from 1780 to 1784. Martín de Ursúa Arizmendi y Aguirre, (Arizcun, Baztan, February 1653 - Philippine Islands, 4 February 1715), Conde de Lizárraga, was governor of the Philippines from 25 August 1709 until his death.

Architecture
The large detached farmhouses which characterise the Baztan valley are built in typical Basque style with solid wooden frames and eaves and wooden balconies often decorated with geraniums. Distinctive pink sandstone is hewn from the quarries in the Baztan valley and blocks of it are used to outline the windows, doors and corners of the houses giving them a very distinctive quality. The Baztan style of architecture is strictly protected by numerous building regulations so that modern buildings in the area blend in harmoniously with the local Basque design.

One of the oldest (although lesser publicised) routes of the Camino de Santiago (Way of St. James) crosses the Baztan valley and runs along much of the valley floor through the villages of Urdax, Amaiur, Arizkun, Elizondo and Ziga and means that some structures in the area date back as far as the 10th century – with specific mention of the Monastery and Pilgrims Hospital in Urdax. However, the majority of the buildings in the area date back to the 17th and 18th centuries when there was a population explosion as many families, having made money in the Americas, returned home. Their new-found wealth was ploughed back into the local community giving rise to opulent churches, with specific reference to the impressive 17th century Herrerian-styled church in Ziga and into the huge manor houses, easily discerned by their four-way sloping roofs, intricately carved eaves and elaborate coats of arms.

Economy
Traditionally the Baztan Valley is made up of many small family farming units dedicated to pastoral farming and the raising of pigs, sheep and cows; the last two being raised for both their meat and milk. Small dairies in the area produce yoghurts and cheeses and the sheep's cheese of the area (a local version of the Domination of Origin Idiazabal cheese). Small-scaled enterprises in the Baztan Valley also produce chocolates, cakes, jams, cuts of meat, liqueurs and cider and there are several small saw mills and stone quarries. Given the natural resources of wood, stone and marble that are found in the valley, construction has also been a relatively large employer and traditionally much business has always been done with their French Basque neighbours over the border.

Since around the year 2000, the gradual decline in farming activities has been replaced by small-scale rural tourism and many traditional farmhouses have been restored to make impressive rental properties and bed and breakfasts. There is a range of tourist services, including documented and sign-posted walks and the villages offer ethnographical museums and artists' ateliers, watermills, equestrian centres and outdoor sports companies. The Baztan valley is well known throughout Spain although international tourism is only just starting to arrive.

Culture
The culture of the Baztan valley is quintessentially Basque and Euskera is the main language spoken at home. The majority of the Baztan children are schooled in Basque at local Ikastolas although the larger schools do offer the opportunity to be schooled in Spanish. In many of the Ikastolas Spanish is taught as a second language as well as English, which is sometimes allocated more teaching hours than Spanish. There are no universities in the Baztan valley and so many young students leave to study further afield in the larger cities of Pamplona or San Sebastian although their links with the valley remain strong with many young people seeking to return to the valley to settle down at a later age. In 2013 there were 473 more people living in the Baztan valley than in 2001. Each village has its own traditional fiestas and carnivals, many of them dating back to pagan times.

These village fiestas and festivals still find a devoted following among the Baztan people where there is a strong sense of identity and a deep-seated loyalty for their Basque language and cultural roots. A clear example of this is the Sagar Dantza (apple dance) in Arizkun which is enacted each Shrove Tuesday.

In 2012 Iñaki Elizalde launched his film 'Baztan' at the San Sebastian Film Festival. The film was about the Agotes; a mysterious people of pariah status who lived in the hamlet of Bozate, near Arizkun. In 2013 Dolores Redondo published the first of her crime fiction books of The Baztan Trilogy which were translated into over 20 languages. The stories are situated in the Baztan Valley.

title: Baztan, Navarre


text:
Séminaire Nicolas Bourbaki

The Séminaire Nicolas Bourbaki (Bourbaki Seminar) is a series of seminars (in fact public lectures with printed notes distributed) that has been held in Paris since 1948. It is one of the major institutions of contemporary mathematics, and a barometer of mathematical achievement, fashion, and reputation. It is named after Nicolas Bourbaki, a group of French and other mathematicians of variable membership.

The Poincaré Seminars are a series of talks on physics inspired by the Bourbaki seminars on mathematics.

1948/49 series

 * 1) Henri Cartan, Les travaux de Koszul, I  (Lie algebra cohomology)
 * 2) Claude Chabauty, Le théorème de Minkowski-Hlawka (Minkowski-Hlawka theorem)
 * 3) Claude Chevalley,  L'hypothèse de Riemann pour les corps de fonctions algébriques de caractéristique p, I, d'après Weil (local zeta-function)
 * 4) Roger Godement, Groupe complexe unimodulaire, I : Les représentations unitaires irréductibles du groupe complexe unimodulaire, d'après Gelfand et Neumark (representation theory of the complex special linear group)
 * 5) Léo Kaloujnine, Sur la structure de p-groupes de Sylow des groupes symétriques finis et de quelques généralisations infinies de ces groupes (Sylow theorems, symmetric groups, infinite group theory)
 * 6) Pierre Samuel, La théorie des correspondances birationnelles selon Zariski (birational geometry)
 * 7) Jean Braconnier, Sur les suites de composition d'un groupe et la tour des groupes d'automorphismes d'un groupe fini, d'après H. Wielandt (finite groups)
 * 8) Henri Cartan, Les travaux de Koszul, II (see 1)
 * 9) Claude Chevalley, L'hypothèse de Riemann pour les groupes de fonctions algébriques de caractéristique p, II, d'après Weil (see 3)
 * 10) Luc Gauthier, Théorie des correspondances birationnelles selon Zariski (see 6)
 * 11) Laurent Schwartz, Sur un mémoire de Petrowsky : "Über das Cauchysche Problem für ein System linearer partieller Differentialgleichungen im gebiete nichtanalytischen Funktionen" (partial differential equations)
 * 12) Henri Cartan, Les travaux de Koszul, III  (see 1)
 * 13) Roger Godement, Groupe complexe unimodulaire, II : La transformation de Fourier dans le groupe complexe unimodulaire à deux variables, d'après Gelfand et Neumark (see 4)
 * 14) Marc Krasner, Les travaux récents de R. Brauer en théorie des groupes (finite groups)
 * 15) Laurent Schwartz, Sur un deuxième mémoire de Petrowsky : "Über das Cauchysche Problem für System von partiellen Differentialgleichungen"  (see 11)
 * 16) André Weil, Théorèmes fondamentaux de la théorie des fonctions thêta, d'après des mémoires de Poincaré et Frobenius (theta functions)

1949/50 series
1. André Blanchard, Groupes algébriques et équations différentielles linéaires, d'après E. Kolchin (differential Galois theory)

2. Jean Dieudonné, Géométrie des espaces algébriques homogènes, d'après W. L. Chow (algebraic geometry)

3. Roger Godement, Sommes continues d'espaces de Hilbert, I (functional analysis, direct integrals)

4. Charles Pisot, Démonstration élémentaire du théorème des nombres premiers, d'après Selberg et Erdös (prime number theorem)

5. Georges Reeb, Propriétés des trajectoires de certains systèmes dynamiques (dynamical systems)

6. Pierre Samuel, Anneaux locaux; introduction à la géométrie algébrique (local rings)

7. Marie-Hélène Schwartz, Compte-rendu de travaux de M. Heins sur diverses majorations de la croissance des fonctions analytiques et sous-harmoniques (complex analysis, subharmonic functions)

8. Charles Ehresmann, Les connexions infinitésimales dans un espace fibré différentiable (connections on fiber bundles)

9. Roger Godement, Sommes continues d'espaces de Hilbert, II (see 19)

10. Laurent Schwartz, Sur un mémoire de K. Kodaira : "Harmonic fields in riemannian manifolds (generalized potential theory)", I (Hodge theory)

11. Jean-Pierre Serre, Extensions de groupes localement compacts, d'après Iwasawa et Gleason (locally compact groups)

12. René Thom, Les géodésiques dans les variétés à courbure négative, d'après Hopf (geodesics)

13. Armand Borel, Groupes localement compacts, d'après Iwasawa et Gleason (see 27)

14. Jacques Dixmier, Facteurs : classification, dimension, trace (von Neumann algebras)

15. Jean-Louis Koszul, Algèbres de Jordan (Jordan algebras)

16. Laurent Schwartz, Sur un mémoire de K. Kodaira : "Harmonic fields in riemannian manifolds (generalized potential theory)", II (see 26)

For later years see:

 * Séminaire Nicolas Bourbaki (1950–1959)
 * Séminaire Nicolas Bourbaki (1960–1969)
 * Séminaire Nicolas Bourbaki (1970–1979)
 * Séminaire Nicolas Bourbaki (1980–1989)
 * Séminaire Nicolas Bourbaki (1990–1999)

Publishers
The proceedings of the Séminaire have been published by four different publishers over the years. 1948/49 through 1964/65 were published as Textes des conférences / Séminaire Bourbaki by the Secrétariat Mathématique, Université Paris. In 1966, W. A. Benjamin, Inc. issued a special twelve-volume facsimile reproduction of the Séminaire Bourbaki, 1948-1965. W. A. Benjamin, Inc. continued to publish the proceedings for three more years, 1965/66 through 1967/68. Springer-Verlag published 1968/69 through 1980/81 as part of its Lecture Notes in Mathematics series. 1981/82 to date are published by the Société Mathématique de France as part of Astérisque.

title: Séminaire Nicolas Bourbaki


text: File:Spider-Man 2000 game cover.jpg

title: File:Spider-Man 2000 game cover.jpg


text:
Talk:Fridtjof Nansen

Merger proposal
I propose that Fridtjof Nansen Museum be merged into this article. The article itself was created today, and was mostly incoherent gibberish, which I condensed down to a. It includes a bunch of nice images, though these should be checked for copyright issues (I have not had the opportunity nor is it my particular area of expertise). This page seems to make no mention of the museum dedicated to him in Yerevan, Armenia and it probably should. Merging some (or just 1) of the photos into a section or just a sentence in the 'death and legacy' section and converting the article to a redirect seems like it would work well to me. —  InsertCleverPhraseHere  11:44, 13 June 2017 (UTC)

 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 22:20, 20 October 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
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Dating of the main portrait
The main portrait at the top of the page says it was taken in 1915, 15 years before his death. The picture is of a fairly young man, though he would have been in his mid 50s at the time. The pictures of Nansen taken in 1925 are of a clearly older man, who looks rightfully in his 60s (because he was). The pictures of him in the 1880s look far more like the supposed 1915 photo than it does the temporally nearer 1925 photo. Unless his Dorian Grey portrait was destroyed sometime between 1915 and 1925, it's hard for me to believe that the main portrait is correctly cited as having been taken in 1915. 174.25.126.57 (talk) 04:34, 10 October 2017 (UTC)

 * This photo was obtained from The Library of Congress.  The 1915 date given there is that when it was published by Bain.   This is not to say the photo is not one of a young Nansen that just happened to be published in 1915.  In short, there is room for better documentation for the actual date of Nansen in the photo.  Bdushaw (talk) 12:30, 10 October 2017 (UTC)

 * The original photo is here, and the University of Oslo, it seems. It is hard to read the photo caption, but it looks to me like it dates to 1897.   Yes, 1897 - google search nansen van der weyde for a larger version on pinterest (which one can't access, etc.). Bdushaw (talk) 13:04, 10 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Ah, here it is: http://www.nansenamundsen.no/en/nansen/Nansen.html   Feb. 11, 1897, as you see.  Bdushaw (talk) 13:08, 10 October 2017 (UTC)

 * On third thought, it could be older. Here it is at the National Portrait Gallery, print dated to 1896. Bdushaw (talk) 13:19, 10 October 2017 (UTC)

 * For now, we should be vaguer in the article image caption, I think. And if we include a date, it ought to be referenced. Can you also add this information to the Commons file talk page so it's not lost? Ed [talk] [majestic titan] 03:26, 11 October 2017 (UTC)

 * More google searching turned up the portrait at the Fridtof Nansen Institute, with the caption "Portrait, 1897 By London photographer Henry van der Weyde, taken in 1897, a few months after the return of the Fram expedition." The photo at the Nansen-Amundsen webpage, dates the photo to "about 1890", despite the explicit caption on the portrait 1897.  The situation still seems fluid...  Bdushaw (talk) 12:45, 11 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Having thought about the issue a bit more, I think we can be firm on the 1897 date.  Firstly, we can rule out 1893-1896, since he was "indisposed" in that time interval.  We can also rule out 1892, since he would have been working like a madman preparing the Fram.  The photo was taken by Henry van der Weyde at his studio in London, hence Nansen would have had to be in London.  He was indeed in London in 1897, I believe.  Then we have the photo itself with its clear caption February 11, 1897. In other photos of Nansen about this time, he looks similar.  Somewhat original research, but then again the Fritof Nansen Institute, which we may accept as the authority, dates the photo to 1897.  I propose we date the photo to 1897 and cite the Fritof Nansen Institute. Bdushaw (talk) 07:35, 12 October 2017 (UTC)

Typo in core chapter
"This office received the Nobel Peace Prize for 1938" should read "This office received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1938" - However, as a standard user I can't edit it myself. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Florian.lancelle (talk • contribs) 07:02, 10 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Without stating a strong opinion on the matter, I believe the issue here is that sometimes the prize is awarded for a particular year, but actually given (for that year) in a different year. So formally, a prize won in a particular year leaves it ambiguous as to which year the prize is associated.   The prize for 1938 could be awarded in 1939, for example.  Bdushaw (talk) 12:24, 10 October 2017 (UTC)

Greenland boats photo
I have added a photo taken from Nansen's book. It is of the boats as they departed for the interior of Greenland, carefully arranged to protect what supplies they could not take with them, I believe. It is part of lore that Nansen burned the boats to ensure a successful expedition - the vikings would do this on arrival at some newly conquered land, it seems. In any case, the boat burning story is certainly not true, and this is partly the motivation for including this particular photo. Bdushaw (talk) 11:08, 10 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Regarding burning boats, see, for example, Nansen Nobel Prize Biography, or Abel Prize. It seems burning boats was a philosophical thought, rather than something one should actually do when one is on the east coast of Greenland in 1888.  Bdushaw (talk) 11:27, 10 October 2017 (UTC)

Istanbul/Constantinople
Perhaps a technical question on language usage on Wikipedia: I noted that an editor recently removed Constantinople, as in "Nansen traveled to Contantinople" in favor of Istanbul. To my ear "Nansen traveled to Istanbul" is an anachronism (yes?) - but what is the best usage in this circumstance, and others like it, on Wikipedia? Should modern terms be used in these circumstances? Or should we use the contemporary terms? Bdushaw (talk) 17:42, 10 October 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 October 2017
Please add the year (1930) to the caption of the photograph in the 'Later life' section (the current caption is not very informative).

See file description: File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-09772,_Fridjof_Nansen.jpg 2606:A000:4C0C:E200:852E:7393:15B7:B79E (talk) 04:06, 11 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Yes check.svg Done Sparkling Pessimist   Scream at me!  01:23, 12 October 2017 (UTC)

Burial procession of Fridtjof Nansen's coffin
64.175.41.41 (talk) 07:07, 11 October 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 08:23, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
 * No-nb bldsa 5c006.jpg

"Nansen was a close friend of a clergyman named Wilhelm"
This sounds like WP:TRIVIA. Who was this Wilhelm, and what does it matter if Nansen happened to be friends with him? Muzilon (talk) 01:12, 2 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fridtjof Nansen


text:
Talk:Exchange rate regime

Countries in transition
exchange rate regime in countries in transition

Link to Spanish article?
Should this article be linked to the article Regímenes cambiarios? The articles are strucured very differently and have different coverage (the Spanish article is far more detailed), but both do discuss exchange rate regimes.

The reason why a country may want to switch to Fixed/Pegged Exchange Rate Policy are as follows: 1. Instability in its BOP 2. To reduce speculation in its economy 3. To facilitate or attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) through a stable and certain business enevironment 4. To address major Macro-economic problems such as Inflation (Reducing Imported Inflation), and Unemployment

As well, Floating Exchange Rate Policy is found to be viable to Economically Stable Countries such as the USA, RSA, and UK where their currency are able to compete on the Forex Market (Hard Currencies). Below may add to the advantages and reasons of switching to Floating Exchange Rate Policy:

a) It reflects the real performance of your economy with reference to other economies b) Through the 'Price Effect', the market forces will clear all the arbitrage possibilities thereby reaching to Equilibrium Exchange Rate and BOP (Nurtsse) c) Free Floating Policies reduces economic and Political ties between governments in trade d) It induces competion hence efficiency in the product markets and also raises the living standards of within an economy

NB: Remember each of the described policies above have also their disadvantages: (Solusi University: Jedzah)

managed floating
where is managed floating? and who is the authority for the classification? Jackzhp (talk) 06:15, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

Why the hyphen?
Why the hyphen? Rui ''Gabriel'' Correia (talk) 19:51, 6 June 2013 (UTC)

 * To clarify the compound modifier. See WP:HYPHEN. Jim.henderson (talk) 20:06, 7 June 2013 (UTC)

 * That's just plain idiotic. There is no such rule in the grammmar and this case is not even concretely covered in the article WP:HYPHEN. If that were the case, we would have to hyphenate half the English language: "old-age home", "third-party insurance","water-bottle holder", "wine-bottle cooler", "world-map publishers", "cotton-shirt manufacturers", "steering-wheel cover", "toilet-seat cover", "bird-flu injection". Besides, who needs clarification? are there people out there who might have thought it is "exchange rate-regime"? What would be a "rate regime"? There are cases where one might not be sure as to the lexeme coupling, such as in "city-bus driver" (driver who drives city buses) and "city bus-driver" (a bus driver that lives/ works in a city. "Exchange rate regime" is not one such case. Rui ''Gabriel'' Correia (talk) 22:43, 7 June 2013 (UTC)

 * If it's any consolation, I for one agree with your view on this. There are times when WP:HYPHEN makes sense and should be applied, but I think it has been unduly applied to a number of finance, economics, and science articles. I have intended for quite some time now to adopt the phrasing and spelling that is prevalent in the academic literature for all exchange rate related articles, but I have been busy with family matters and haven't yet mustered the stamina to wrangle with the grammar clerics that will surely swoop down from the skies the moment the article undergoes a name change.  John Shandy`   • talk 03:30, 8 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Sounds good to me. I saw a query and offfered an explanation, not understanding that it was actually a complaint or proposal in query form. Anyway most such renames can be handled quietly by waiting a few days between the query and the (explicit) proposal, and again between proposal and action. Quietly, not silently. Jim.henderson (talk) 21:54, 9 June 2013 (UTC)

Dr. von Hagen's comment on this article
Dr. von Hagen has reviewed this Wikipedia page, and provided us with the following comments to improve its quality:

""An exchange-rate regime is the way an authority manages its currency in relation to other currencies and the foreign exchange market."

better: "in relation to other currencies on the foreign exchange market." (not "and")

"The basic types are a floating exchange rate, where the market dictates movements in the exchange rate;"

The market does not "dictate". Would be better to say that the central bank does not try to manipulate the exchange rate.

"a pegged float, where a central bank keeps the rate from deviating too far from a target band or value;"

Explain what the target band or value refers to.

"Floating rates are the most common exchange rate regime today."

False. Almost all currencies of developing and emerging market countries are pegged to one of the major currencies. Refer to the IMF Annual Reports on Exchange Rate Regimes, http://www.elibrary.imf.org/page/AREAER/www.imfareaer.org?redirect=true

"Dollarization occurs when the inhabitants of a country use foreign currency in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency."

better: "Dollarization occurs when the inhabitants of a country spontaneously use the currency of another country as means of payments." This is different from situations where the government of a country legally adopts a foreign currency as means of payment. Dollarization is usually a reaction to a period of very high inflation.

Check the list of further readings for actual publications. For example the following paper has been published in the European Economic Review:

Levy Yeyati, Eduardo & Sturzenegger, Federico & Reggio, Iliana, 2010. "On the endogeneity of exchange rate regimes," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 54(5), pages 659-677, July."

We hope Wikipedians on this talk page can take advantage of these comments and improve the quality of the article accordingly.

We believe Dr. von Hagen has expertise on the topic of this article, since he has published relevant scholarly research:

 * Reference : von Hagen, Jurgen & Zhou, Jizhong, 2008. "Fear of Floating and Pegging: A Simultaneous Choice Model of De Jure and De Facto Exchange Rate Regimes," CEPR Discussion Papers 7006, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.

ExpertIdeasBot (talk) 21:00, 23 September 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Exchange rate regime


text:
Cajeput oil

Cajuput oil (also spelled cajeput) is a volatile oil obtained by distillation from the leaves of the myrtaceous trees Melaleuca leucadendra, Melaleuca cajuputi, and probably other Melaleuca species. The trees yielding the oil are found throughout Maritime Southeast Asia and over the hotter parts of the Australian continent. The majority of the oil is produced on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. The name "cajeput" is derived from its Malay name, kayu putih or "white wood".

Production and uses
The oil is prepared from cajeput leaves and twigs macerated in water, and steam distilled after fermenting for a night. The resulting oil is extremely pungent, flammable, and has the odor of a mixture of turpentine, eucalyptus and camphor. It consists mainly of cineol (see terpenes), from which cajuputene, having a hyacinth-like odor, can be obtained by distillation with phosphorus pentoxide. It is a typical volatile oil, and is used internally in doses of 2 to 3 minims, for the same purposes as clove oil.

Topical uses
If successful, pain management using cajeput oil may work by causing surface warmth and irritation through the help of a chemical called cineole, which is employed topically as a counterirritant. It is an ingredient in some liniments for sore muscles, such as Tiger Balm. It is also used as an ingredient in inhalants or decongestants and topical pain remedies. With regard to direct application, cajeput oil can be applied to large areas of skin (after completing a patch test), minor wounds, scratches, and rashes.

Potential side effects
Like other essential oils, cajeput oil may cause skin rashes, redness, irritation, burning, and hives when applied directly to the skin in its pure form.

For fish
Cajeput is used for the treatment of bacterial or fungal infections in fish. Common brand names containing Cajeput are Melafix and Bettafix. Melafix is a stronger concentration and Bettafix is a lower concentration that makes it harder to overdose smaller fish, especially bettas. It is most commonly used to promote fin and tissue regrowth, but is also effective in treating other conditions, such as fin rot or velvet, but there is no evidence that such medical effects are actually achieved and these effects have been observed in no other organism exposed to cajeput oil.

title: Cajeput oil


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Beire

Beire is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

title: Beire


text:
Nuevo Central Argentino

Nuevo Central Argentino S. A. (abbreviated NCA) is an Argentine company that utilises the operation and infrastructure of the national railway system of the former Mitre Railway division of Ferrocarriles Argentinos, by a concession granted on 23 December 1992 as part of railway privatisation carried out during the presidency of Carlos Menem.

NCA operates about 5,000 km of cargo railroad lines in the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán. Its headquarters are located in Rosario (province of Santa Fe); its warehouses are located in Rosario, in nearby Villa Gobernador Gálvez, and in Villa María (province of Córdoba). There are also operational centers in Colombres and Córdoba City, and transfer (truck changing?) centers in the city of Tucumán and in Retiro, Buenos Aires.

NCA, which is owned by Aceitera General Deheza S.A., carried 7,408,914 tonnes of freight in 2014.

History
By the beginning of the 1990s, the economic situation of State-owned Ferrocarriles Argentinos became critical. Through National Decree N° 520/91 the Government of Argentina created residual company FEMESA to run the urban passenger services in Buenos Aires. Ferrocarriles Argentinos continued operating the freight and passenger interurban services.

On March 10, 1993, A new decree by President Carlos Menem established all the passenger interurban railways ceased their activities. The only way to reactivate the lines would be if the Provincial Governments took over the services.

About the freight services, the Government proceed to tender for the operating of the lines, establishing a fee that consortiums would pay to the Argentine State. Finally, in April 2002 the Government awarded private company Nuevo Central Argentino (NCA), formed by local companies Aceitera General Deheza, Banco Francés del Río de la Plata, Asociación de Cooperativas Argentinas and Román Marítima, the operation and maintenance of Ferrocarril Mitre.

NCA began operating on December 23, 1992, run trains through Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán provinces, with a total of 4,512 km. The new consortium established its headquarters at Rosario, Santa Fe. At the moment of the beginning of concession, Ferrocarriles Argentinos only ran the 45% of the system line because of the terrible deterioration of the track or the absence of ballast that did not allow trains to run. The assets received by NCA included 63 diesel locomotives (of those only 23 active) and 5,354 wagons (with only 60% in acceptable condition to run).

title: Nuevo Central Argentino


text:
User talk:Pouh

Welcome
'''Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! I hope you like working here and want to continue. Check out the Simplified Ruleset. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at the Guide to layout, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — if you have any questions, or just want to say hello, feel free to contact me on my Talk Page or place   on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions.

Additional tips:
 * Here are some extra tips to help you get around Wikipedia:
 * Always use wikiquette
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 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills, try the Sandbox.
 * Click on the Edit button on a page, and look at how other editors did what they did.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: ~~~. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too. Always sign comments on Talk pages, never sign Articles.
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 * You might want to add yourself to the New User Log
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Happy editing! --May the Force be with you! Shreshth91 ($ |-| r 3 $ |-| t |-|)  12:00, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pouh


text:
Belascoáin

Belascoain (Beraskoain) is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

title: Belascoáin


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Caroline Pileggi

Caroline Pileggi (born 12 December 1977) is an Australian weightlifter. She competed in the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester.

Pileggi won three medals in the over 75 kg division at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, taking the gold in the snatch event and two silvers in the clean and jerk and overall events.

On 3 June 2004, Pileggi was involved in an incident with two drug testers at a training camp in Sigatoka, Fiji. The testers, working on behalf of the Australian Sports Drug Agency, approached Pileggi while she was training at a gym, after receiving information that she would "not be very interested in undergoing a drug test". The testers claimed to an Administrative Appeals tribunal in the Federal Court that Pileggi gave them a false name and then attempted to flee, nearly hitting them with her car in the process. Pileggi claimed that the testers did not identify themselves and she had fled in fear as they pursued her. Pileggi's appeal against the charge of refusing a drug test was unsuccessful, and she was excluded from the Australian team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. She was also required to pay ASDA's court costs, and faced a two-year ban from weightlifting as mandated by the Australian Weightlifting Federation and international rules.

title: Caroline Pileggi


text:
Yamato Colony, Florida

The Yamato Colony was an attempt to create a community of Japanese farmers in what is now Boca Raton, Florida, early in the 20th century. With encouragement from Florida authorities, young Japanese men were recruited to farm in the colony. There were as many as 75 Japanese men, some with their families, at the peak. There was "a cluster of two-story frame houses, a general store..., some packing houses."

Because of various difficulties, including blight, the colony never grew very large, and gradually declined until it was finally dispersed during World War II.

The Model Land Company was created by Henry Flagler to hold title to the land granted to his Florida East Coast Railway by the State of Florida. The company encouraged the settlement of its land, particularly by recent immigrants, to gain money from the sale of the land and to increase business for the railroad. In 1903, the company was referred to Jo Sakai, a Japanese man who had just graduated from New York University. Sakai purchased 1,000 acres (4 km$2$) from the Model Land Company, and recruited young men from his hometown of Miyazu, Japan, to settle there. Several hundred settlers grew pineapples, which were shipped from the Yamato station on the Florida East Coast Railway. Pineapple blight destroyed the crop in 1908. In addition, the colony could no longer compete with cheaper (and earlier maturing) pineapples from Cuba. As a result, many of the settlers returned to Japan or moved elsewhere in the United States. The remnants of the colony were dispossessed after the entry of the United States into World War II, when their land was purchased to create a United States Army Air Corps training base (now the site of Florida Atlantic University and the Boca Raton Airport).

The only member of the Yamato Colony to stay in the area was George Morikami, who continued to farm in neighboring Delray Beach, Florida until the 1970s, when he donated his farmland to Palm Beach County to preserve it as a park, and to honor the memory of the Yamato Colony.

The Yamato Colony is remembered today in Yamato Road, a major street in Boca Raton, and in Morikami Park and the Morikami Museum and Japanese Gardens. Delray Beach is a sister city with Miyazu, in honor of George Morikami and the Yamato Colony.

title: Yamato Colony, Florida


text:
Bera, Navarre

Bera is a town and municipality situated in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, in northern Spain. The town is traversed by the river Bidasoa before it enters Gipuzkoa at Endarlatsa, eventually flowing into the Cantabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay) between the towns of Hendaye and Hondarribia.

title: Bera, Navarre


text:
2005 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season

The 2005 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the 57th F.I.M. Road racing World Championship season. The season consisted out of 17 races for the MotoGP class and 16 for the 125cc and 250cc classes, beginning with the Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix on 10 April and ending with the Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix on 6 November.

MotoGP class
The MotoGP championship was won by Valentino Rossi on a Yamaha. It was a season which featured a lot of dramatic races including four rain-affected races in Portugal, China, France and Great Britain. It also saw the domination of Rossi with a total of 16 podiums out of 17 races, out of which 11 of them were wins. He defeated Marco Melandri by a distant 147 points in the championship.

250cc class
Daniel Pedrosa won his second consecutive 250cc title on a Honda. Reigning 125cc champion Andrea Dovizioso became the rookie of the year.

125cc class
The 125cc title was won by Thomas Lüthi on a Honda. He won the World championship dramatically, when Mika Kallio's teammate Gábor Talmácsi overtook Kallio at the last corner in Qatar. Kallio would have got five points more, and then the points total would be 242–242, but Kallio would have won the title with more wins (4-5).

2005 Grand Prix season calendar
On 20 August 2004, the FIM released the initial 2005 calendar. In it, the South African and Rio Grand Prix were still on the calendar. On 10 October 2004, the FIM confirmed the 2005 calendar. In it, the Rio Grand Prix won out over the South African round, initially being scheduled on the 17th of April. The date of the Malaysian GP was also moved from 9 October to 11 September. On 22 December 2004, changes were made to the calendar. Multiple dates were altered: the date of the Italian GP was moved from 29 May to 5 June, the Catalan GP from 5 to 12 June, the British GP from 19 June to 24 July, the German GP from 24 to 31 July and the Malaysian GP from 11 to 25 September. The Rio GP was also still subject to confirmation. On 18 February 2005, more changes were made. Because no contract was signed for the Rio GP, the round was dropped and the Turkish GP was added instead. The date of the Portuguese GP was moved from 30 October to 17 April as well. By this time, the race was also subject to confirmation.

The following Grands Prix were scheduled to take place in 2005:

 * † = MotoGP class only
 * †† = Saturday race

Calendar changes

 * The South African and Rio de Janeiro Grands Prix were taken off the calendar.
 * The Portuguese Grand Prix was moved forward, from 5 September to 17 April.
 * The Chinese Grand Prix and Turkish Grands Prix were added to the calendar.
 * The United States Grand Prix was added to the calendar, but only the MotoGP class raced due to a Californian law on air pollution banning 2 stroke engines.

Regulation changes
The following changes are made to the regulation for the 2005 season:

Sporting regulations
- at any circuit included on the calendar of the current year after the date that is fourteen days prior to the start of the first race of the season. - at any circuit included on the calendar of the cuttent year during "breaks". A break is defined as 'two consecutive weekends where events are not scheduled'. The period of the break begins from 09:00 on the Wednesday after the last grand prix until the following grand prix.
 * A new 'flag-to-flag' rule has been introduced. This means that, in the event of rain, the race will not be stopped and instead will be allowed to change bikes. This rule will only count for the MotoGP class.
 * A new white flag has been introduced. If this flag is waved at a marshal post during the race, all riders are allowed to change bikes.
 * Changes have been made to the starting procedure. Unless the race is interrupted, after the leading rider has crossed the finish line at the end of his first lap, the riders are not allowed to change their bikes in the MotoGP class. If a race has been declared 'wet', riders are allowed to change a bike equipped with a rain tyre to a bike with an intermediate or slick tyre or vice versa, or from a bike equipped with a slick tyre to a bike equipped with an intermedia or rain tyre is allowed at any time during a race. However, if a race has not been declared 'wet', the change of bikes are only allowed after the new white flag is shown around the circuit. In both cases, aids such as tyre warmers, the replacement of tyres and general adjustments are allowed on the bike in the pits. During the ride through the pits, all riders must respect the speed limit of 60 km/h from the start to the end of the sign. In the pits, overtaking is forbidden and any rider who breaks this rule will be fined 100 U.S. Dollar for the first offence and 500 U.S. Dollar for ensuing offences at the same place. Any rider who breaks this rule during a race will be penalised with a ride through penalty. In the case of an infringement, the Race Direction must communicate the offence to the team of the rider after having received the information. The rules will not be changed for the 125cc and 250cc classes.
 * All races will be categorised as either 'wet' or 'dry'. A board might be displayed on the grid to show the current status of the race. If no board is displayed, the race is automatically considered 'dry'. The purpose of this classification is to indicate to all the riders the consequence of varying conditions during the race.
 * An update has been made to the yellow flag rule. In case of danger, riders must already slow down, be prepared to stop if needed and are forbidden to overtake until the green flag is shown. If this rule is infringed upon, the lap time of the rider will be cancelled. New in this case is, in case of a violation of the rule during the race, the rider must return to his position prior to his pass. The penalty will first be communicated to the team, who then displays a board for the rider on the finish line during a maximum of three laps. If the rider does not go back to his previous position after the board has been shown to him three times, he will be penalised via a ride through penalty. In both cases, further penalties such as a fine or suspension can also be implemented. If a rider realises that he did an infraction immediately after having overtaken another rider, he must raise his hand and let the rider(s) past that he had overtaken. If he does this, no penalty will be imposed. During the final lap of inspection, this flag must be waved at the exact place where the flag marshal will be placed during the practices and races.
 * A new age limit will come into effect for the 125cc class. From now on, the minimal age of entry for the class will be 19 years and 21 weeks old.
 * A limit will be imposed on the maximum number of team personnel on the pit lane. The maximum number of team personnel per rider in the pits has been limited to four for all classes.
 * Each team which is a member of the IRTA must submit an entry for their team by the 28th of February of the year in question. An exception is made when special dispensation is granted, which is valid for all races in the FIM Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix. At the same time, the team must specify the designated riders and the class in which they will participate, as well as the circuits used for testing designated by teams in the 125cc and 250cc classes.
 * Practice restrictions have been introduced. Contracted teams and their designated riders who profit from a Participation Agreement to take part in the MotoGP class are forbidden from practicing at any circuit from 1 December of one year and 20 January of the next year, both dates being inclusive. Contracted teams and their designated riders who profit from a Participation Agreement to take part in the 125cc and 250cc classes may only participate in winter testing (tests between the end of the season and the first event of the following season), at circuits in the continental zone where the team is located (Europe, Asia/Oceania, Africa and the Americas).
 * Contracted teams and their designated riders who profit from a Participation Agreement in any class are forbidden from practicing:

The following exceptions will apply to the rule: - Free practice or qualifying practice at the event. - Practice at any circuit after the event at that circuit except during a break. - Official practice sessions organised by the IRTA. - Practice by contracted teams and their designated riders who profit from a Participation Agreement to participate in the 125cc and 250cc classes, at the two testing circuits appointed by each team which may take place up to fourteen days before the scheduled race for the circuit, except for when there is a break.

 * Practice restrictions do not apply to wild card riders. An exception is made to a practice session or race at any circuit within fourteen days of a race.

This rule was additionally added on the 30th of August 2005:

 * A change has been made to the start procedure if a race has been interrupted. In case of a normal start, the riders will now only be allowed to do a single warm-up lap ahead of the restart instead of the previous two.

Technical regulations

 * All fuel tanks must be filled with material that is fire retardant or be lined with a fuel cell bladder. All fuel tanks made out of any metallic material such as steel, aluminium and so on, must be filled with material that is fire retardant or be lined with a fuel cell bladder. In the MotoGP class, all fuel tanks made out of any composite material such as carbon fibre, aramid fibre and so on, must have passed the FIM standards for fuel tanks and be lines with a fuel cell bladder. Any fuel tanks made out of composite material must have a label verifying that it conforms to the FIM Fuel Tank test standards. These labels must include the fuel tank manufacturer's name, the take of the tank manufacturer and the name of the testing laboratory. Full details of the standards are available from the FIM.
 * The fuel tank capacity for all four-stroke bikes will be reduced from 24 to 22 litres.

2005 Grand Prix season results

 * † = MotoGP class only
 * †† = Saturday race

MotoGP standings
Points were awarded to the top fifteen finishers. A rider had to finish the race to earn points.
 * Scoring system

Riders' standings

 * Rounds marked with a light blue background were under wet race conditions or stopped by rain.
 * Riders marked with light blue background were eligible for Rookie of the Year awards.

Constructors' standings

 * Each constructor got the same number of points as their best placed rider in each race.
 * Rounds marked with a light blue background were under wet race conditions or stopped by rain.

Teams' standings

 * Each team got the total points scored by their two riders, including replacement riders. In one rider team, only the points scored by that rider was counted. Wildcard riders did not score points.
 * Rounds marked with a light blue background were under wet race conditions or stopped by rain.

250cc standings
Points were awarded to the top fifteen finishers. A rider had to finish the race to earn points.
 * Scoring system

Riders' standings

 * Rounds marked with a light blue background were under wet race conditions or stopped by rain.
 * Riders marked with light blue background were eligible for Rookie of the Year awards.

Constructors' standings

 * Each constructor got the same number of points as their best placed rider in each race.
 * Rounds marked with a light blue background were under wet race conditions or stopped by rain.

125cc standings
Points were awarded to the top fifteen finishers. A rider had to finish the race to earn points.
 * Scoring system

Riders' standings

 * Rounds marked with a light blue background were under wet race conditions or stopped by rain.
 * Riders marked with light blue background were eligible for Rookie of the Year awards.

Constructors' standings

 * Each constructor got the same number of points as their best placed rider in each race.
 * Rounds marked with a light blue background were under wet race conditions or stopped by rain.


text:
Berbinzana

Berbinzana (Basque: Berbintzana) is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, in northern Spain.

Overview
Berbinzana is a small village located in Navarre province, in Northern Spain. (Navarre is best known for the town of Pamplona and its "Sanfermines"). Berbinzana is on the banks of the Arga River and surrounded by fertile fields. Agriculture is the primary economic activity. Berbinzana also has a wide variety of plants and animals. Berbinzana has a deeply rooted culture and is faithful to its traditions, where the festivities are celebrated with the traditional red handkerchief.

Nature
Berbinzana has a fairly typical Mediterranean climate, with warm summers and cold winters. The Arga river tempers this some and provides many wild animals to the area.

Culture
There are several groups that promote cultural activities. These include "San Isidro", with more than six hundred members, the young society of "La Unión", and the football club CD Injerto.

Events
A good time to enjoy visiting Berbinzana is during one of its numerous events. Here are some of the main holidays:
 * Asunción Fiesta: From August 14 to 21. It is the patron saint day and the main event in the village.
 * Angel Fiesta: March 1. It is a small fiesta and lasts 4 days.
 * St Isidro: May 15. It is the farmer festivity and the recreational society.
 * The Young Holiday: In the early days of December. It is organised by "La Unión"

The principal activities are the festivals, the running of the bulls, dances, fireworks and other spectacles.

title: Berbinzana


text:
User talk:Timewarp

Are you John Lott, a relative of his, in his employ, or in the employ of AEI? Hipocrite - « Talk » 12:06, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Here we go again. ANYTIME anyone comes forward, who is apparently "pro John Lott" there's the instant accusation of "sock puppet."  I guess those skeptics just can't believe that any normal person might actually take John Lott's side in the continual struggle to make the Wikipedia article on him meet NPOV standards.  Then again, the skeptics idea of NPOV, is NOT NPOV.  So what else is new. Al Lowe 13:25, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Answer to "Hipocrite": No. In addition, the corrections have only partially fixed all the myriad problems with this entry. "Hipocrite" in my reading of past postings I am amazed that you continually fought people over simple things such as a POV note at the beginning. You cannot believe that everyone agrees on this. This whole thing

Yes, she does.Al Lowe 22:18, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

WP:3RR
Hi, you are very close to breaking the 3RR rule on John Lott. Please consider discussing your edits with the other editors involved and try to resolve your differences. If you revert the article one more time, you will be temporarily blocked from editing. Thank you. «» Who ? ¿ ? meta 07:38, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

I have tried repeatedly to discuss these issues in the discussion section and all I get back is "no." If you have a suggestion, I am open to it, but I don't know what to do.Timewarp 13:18, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

You have been blocked for 24 hours for violating the three-revert rule. Guettarda 12:07, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

Again, I have tried repeatedly to discuss these issues in the discussion section and all I get back is "no." There is no desire to respond to deal with these issues. I have tried compromising, but even when I give in 100 percent on the very few concrete responses that I get, the answer is still "no." Tell me what you want me to do.Timewarp 13:22, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

Guettarda
Dear Timewarp,

my feeling is that you have had problems with the user called Guettarda. If such things occur again, we should think how to stop this person from damaging the Wikipedia community.

Thanks a lot, Lubos --Lumidek 18:59, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

Dear Lumidek,

I don't know who Guettarda is, but there are plenty of people on this website who will not discuss the issues. All the discussions on the talk page are essentially useless. If you have suggestions, I am open to hearing them. Thanks for the note. I am very new to this whole thing still so I am not even sure whether this is the right way to respond to notes that people send you.Timewarp 00:59, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Enforcement WMC's parole
William M. Connelley has violated his parole. The one case I have personal knowlegde of is his reverts in de lomborg case. You can contribute if you wish.--MichaelSirks 20:35, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I have continued the quest to get enforcement on WMC's parole at--MichaelSirks 20:03, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Timewarp