text:
User:Cacuija/Test

Esperanto
Check these pages:
 * en:Ernst_Theodor_Amadeus_Hoffmann >> eo:E._T._A._HOFFMANN
 * en:Fortran >> eo:Fortran_%28programlingvo%29
 * en:Fantasy_fiction >> eo:Fantasto
 * en:Federico_Garcia_Lorca >> eo:Federico_GARC%C3%8DA_LORCA
 * en:Francois_Truffaut >> eo:Fran%C3%A7ois_TRUFFAUT
 * en:Frankfurt_am_Main >> eo:Frankfurt_am_Main
 * en:Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt >> eo:Franklin_D._ROOSEVELT
 * en:Frans_Eemil_Sillanpaa >> eo:Frans_Eemil_SILLANP%C3%84%C3%84
 * en:Frederic_Mistral >> eo:Frederic_MISTRAL
 * en:French_Revolutionary_Calendar >> eo:Franca_Respublika_Kalendaro
 * en:Fruit >> eo:frukto
 * en:Gabriel_Garcia_Marquez >> eo:Gabriel_GARC%C3%8DA_M%C3%81RQUEZ
 * en:Georg_Hegel >> eo:Hegelo
 * en:Germanic_peoples >> eo:Gxermanoj
 * en:Gestuno_language >> eo:Gestuno
 * en:Glacier >> eo:Glacirivero
 * en:Goth >> eo:goto
 * en:Gotthold_Lessing >> eo:Gotthold_Ephraim_LESSING
 * en:Halldor_Laxness >> eo:Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_LAXNESS
 * en:Hellenic_Greece >> eo:Antikva_Grekio
 * en:Hydrogen >> eo:Hidrogeno
 * en:Igua%C3%A7%C3%BA_Falls >> eo:Ig%C5%ADacuo
 * en:Iguacu >> eo:Ig%C5%ADacuo
 * en:Indigenous_Dialogues >> eo:Indigxenaj_Dialogoj
 * en:Interlingua_language >> eo:Interlingvao
 * en:Internal-combustion_engine >> eo:Eksplodmotoro
 * en:Interstate_highway >> eo:Intersxtata_Sxosea_Sistemo
 * en:James_Garfield >> eo:James_A._GARFIELD
 * en:Jaroslav_Hasek >> eo:Jaroslav_HASEK
 * en:Jupiter_%28planet%29 >> eo:Jupitero
 * en:Karel_Capek >> eo:Karel_%C4%8CAPEK
 * en:Karel_Hynek_Macha >> eo:Karel_Hynek_M%C3%81CHA
 * en:Krakow >> eo:Krakovo
 * en:La_R%C3%A9union >> eo:Reunio
 * en:Lao_Zi >> eo:Laozio
 * en:Latin_language >> eo:Latina_lingvo
 * en:Letterboxing >> eo:Kasxkestludado
 * en:Limerick%2C_Ireland >> eo:Limerick
 * en:List_of_countries >> eo:Nacio
 * en:Luebeck >> eo:Lubeko
 * en:Madrid%2C_Spain >> eo:Madrido
 * en:Mars_%28planet%29 >> eo:Marso
 * en:Mathematician >> eo:Matematikistoj
 * en:Matrix_%28mathematics%29 >> eo:Matrico
 * en:Meissen >> eo:Mei%C3%9Fen
 * en:Miami >> eo:Miami
 * en:Michelangelo_Buonarroti >> eo:Mikelan%C4%9Delo
 * en:Miyazaki_Hayao >> eo:MIYAZAKI_Hayao
 * en:Nanook_of_the_North >> eo:Nanook_Of_The_North
 * en:New_York%2C_New_York >> eo:Novjorko
 * en:Niccolo_Machiavelli >> eo:Makiavelo
 * en:Nobel_Prize_in_Economics >> eo:Premio_Nobel_de_Ekonomiko
 * en:Ottawa%2C_Ontario >> eo:Otavo
 * en:Perl_programming_language >> eo:Perl_%28programlingvo%29
 * en:Pigeon >> eo:Kolombedoj
 * en:Plum >> eo:Pruno
 * en:Pluto_%28planet%29 >> eo:Plutono
 * en:Point >> eo:Punkto
 * en:Polish_literature >> eo:Pollingva_Literaturo
 * en:President_of_the_United_States_of_America >> eo:Prezidanto_de_Usono
 * en:Raffaello_Santi >> eo:Rafaelo
 * en:Rene_Descartes >> eo:Kartezio
 * en:Rocky_Horror_Picture_Show >> eo:Rocky_Horror_Picture_Show
 * en:Ruby_characters >> eo:Tipo_Ruby
 * en:Ruegen >> eo:R%C3%BCgen
 * en:Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon >> eo:Sent-Piero_kaj_Mikelono
 * en:Sanskrit >> eo:Sanskrito
 * en:Shavian_alphabet >> eo:Sxava_alfabeto
 * en:Shounen-ai >> eo:%C5%9Co%C5%ADnen-ai
 * en:Siedler_von_Catan >> eo:Siedler_von_Catan
 * en:Slavic_peoples >> eo:Slava_Grupo
 * en:Slovio_language >> eo:Slovio
 * en:Sorbian_language >> eo:Soraba_lingvo
 * en:Standards_and_Units >> eo:Mezurunuo
 * en:Stanislaw_Lem >> eo:Stanis%C5%82aw_LEM
 * en:Sunrise_%28movie%29 >> eo:Sunrise
 * en:Temple_of_Artemis >> eo:Templo_de_Artemisa
 * en:The_Americas >> eo:Ameriko
 * en:Tuebingen >> eo:T%C3%BCbingen
 * en:U.S._Virgin_Islands >> eo:Usonaj_Virgulininsuloj
 * en:United_States_Declaration_of_Independence >> eo:Usona_Deklaro_de_Sendependeco
 * en:Universal_Esperanto_Association >> eo:Universala_Esperanto-Asocio

title: User:Cacuija/Test


text:
User talk:Maggie13

your 'blog links
Please do not add commercial links — or links to your own private websites — to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links. See the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --fuddlemark (fuddle me!) 13:46, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Maggie13


text:
Sea organ

The Sea organ (Morske orgulje) is an architectural sound art object located in Zadar, Croatia and an experimental musical instrument, which plays music by way of sea waves and tubes located underneath a set of large marble steps.

History
Chaotic reconstruction work was undertaken to repair the devastation Zadar suffered in the Second World War. The frantic reconstruction turned much of the sea front into an unbroken, monotonous concrete wall.

The device was made by the architect Nikola Bašić as part of the project to redesign the new city coast (Nova rive) and the site was opened to the public on 15 April 2005. The waves interact with the organ and create somewhat random but harmonic sounds.

The Sea Organ has drawn tourists and locals alike. White marble steps leading down to the water were built later. Concealed under these steps, which both protect and invite, is a system of polyethylene tubes and a resonating cavity.

In 2006, the Sea Organ was awarded with the prize ex-aequo of the fourth edition of the European Prize for Urban Public Space.

title: Sea organ


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/10173

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy delete. – Rich  Farmbrough 10:35, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

10173
Not notable there are infinite number of integers having two prime factors abakharev 13:47, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NNN (non-notable number).  This one seems even more non-notable than most.  Plus, per WP naming convention, years, not numbers, have all numeric titles, as 2005, 1945, 476 and 3.  This article should be about the year AD 10173.  Redirect to 102nd century!? --A D Monroe III 15:39, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Barely notable. Title makes it look like the article is about a year. --Optichan 17:47, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete do i really need to comment why? It seems pretty obvious. Masterhatch 18:01, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * either delete or redirect iff there is an article on the Zipcode. Grutness...  wha?  00:47, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, article has no information beyond what is obvious from the title. Jitse Niesen (talk) 20:42, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Boring number. Looks like a year. Reyk 03:01, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/10173


text:
User:Mr Bartels

About Myself
I've been contributing to Wikipedia since May, 2005. I also have accounts on the Dutch Wikipedia, Wikitravel and of course Wikimedia commons.

nl:Gebruiker:Mr Bartels

title: User:Mr Bartels


text:
Client access license

A client access license (CAL) is a commercial software license that allows client computers to use server software services. Most commercial desktop apps are licensed so that payment is required for each installation, but some server products can be licensed so that payment is required for each device or user that accesses the service provided by the software. For example, an instance of Windows Server 2016 for which ten User CALs are purchased allows 10 distinct users to access the server.

Licensing
Commercial apps are licensed to end users or businesses: in a legally binding agreement between the proprietor of the software (the "licensor") and the end user or business (the "licensee"), the licensor gives permission to the licensee to use the app under certain limitations, which are set forth in the license agreement. In the case of Microsoft, the consumer retail or "off-the-shelf" products generally use very similar licence agreements, allowing the licensee to use the software on one computer, subject to the usual terms and conditions. For businesses, Microsoft offers several types of licensing schemes for a range of their products, which are designed to be cost effective, flexible, or both.

Commercial server software, such as Windows Server 2003 and SQL Server 2005 require licenses that are more expensive than those which are purchased for desktop software like Windows Vista. All clients that connect to these server products must have a license to connect in order to use their services. These special purpose licenses come in the form of a CAL.

Enforcement
A CAL legally permits client computers to connect to commercial server software. They usually come in the form of a certificate of authenticity (CoA) and a license key, which is sometimes attached to the certificate itself. The various editions of most of Microsoft's server software usually include a small number of CALs, and this allows the software to be used by either a few users or a few computers, depending on the CAL licensing mode. If more clients need to access the server, then additional CALs must be purchased.

Microsoft Server products require a CAL for each unique client regardless of how many will be connecting at any single point in time. Some of Microsoft's server software programs do not require CALs at all, as is the case of Windows Server Web Edition. Microsoft SQL Server can be licensed for CALs, or alternatively by CPU cores.

Types
CALs apply to either a "device" (as defined in the license agreement) or a "user". A business is free to choose either mode.

With user CALs, each CAL allows one user to connect to the server software whenever they need to. Once the CAL has been allocated to that user, another user cannot use it. Any number of CALs can be purchased to allow five, five hundred, or any number of users to connect to the server. With user CALs, each user can connect to the server software from any number of devices. The devices are not counted, but only a set number of users can connect.

Per-device mode operates in much the same way, but limits the number of devices which can connect, rather than the number of users. One CAL enables one device to connect to and use the server software, regardless of how many users connect from that particular device.

Although User and Device CALs are currently the same price, they may not be used interchangeably, and cannot be switched without buying new CALs. The price of User CALs has increased since December 2012 (in the UK), although the device CAL remains the same.

Combined schemes
The Core CAL is a special CAL offered by Microsoft through corporate license agreements such as Enterprise, Select or Open Value. The Core CAL is a combination of CALs for Windows Server, Exchange Server, SharePoint Server, System Center Configuration Client Management License, Lync Server, and Forefront Endpoint Subscription License. Core CALs are approximately 30 percent cheaper than the sum of the aforementioned licenses.

With the release of the 2007 products, Microsoft started offering the Enterprise CAL Suite. The Enterprise CAL Suite combines 15 CALs, including the Core CAL combination, Enterprise functionality of Exchange, Lync, and SharePoint Servers, as well as System Center Data Protection Manager, Operation Manager, and Service Manager Client Management Licences. As for the Core CALs, Enterprise CALs are only available through Open, Enterprise or Select agreements.

Software editions
CALs usually enable connectivity to server software regardless of the edition of the software. For example, CALs purchased to enable client connectivity with Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition can be used with Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition. However, backwards compatibility is generally assured. For example, Windows Server 2012 CALs can not only be used to access servers running on Windows Server 2012, but they can be used to access one of the servers running Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2003, and any previous versions at any given time.

Terminal Services
Terminal Services is a function of Microsoft Windows that allows several types of connections to the server components of the system. Windows Server versions prior to 2003 do not necessarily require the use of specialized Terminal Services CALs; rather, clients which are of at least the same or lower version of the operating system are allowed access automatically. For example, Windows NT 4.0 clients may connect to Windows NT 4.0 terminal servers but not Windows 2000 or later; Windows 2000 or Windows XP clients may connect to Windows NT 4.0 or Windows 2000 terminal servers. This is called the equivalency license.

The system for enforcing the number of TS CALs ("Microsoft Enforced Licensing") used on versions later than NT was abused by the "FLAME" malware, leading to a patch in 2012 restricting the Certificate Creation system used for Terminal Services.

The number of per-user TS CALs on Windows 2008 is not enforced: supposedly, this was because Microsoft did not have time to finalize technical enforcement before the release of the operating system.

title: Client access license


text: Category:Fictional lizards

title: Category:Fictional lizards


text:
Talk:Haderslev Municipality

Bevtoft is not a part of Christianfeld municipality

Regards Christian

External links modified
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title: Talk:Haderslev Municipality


text:
Broadbent Arena

Broadbent Arena is a 6,600 seat multi-purpose arena in Louisville, Kentucky. It was home to the Louisville Icehawks and Louisville RiverFrogs ECHL teams. The arena, along with Cardinal Stadium and Freedom Hall, is located on the grounds of the Kentucky Exposition Center in Louisville. The arena is used for equestrian events, and other fairground type activities. As of January 2021, the arena is being used as a major distribution site for COVID-19 vaccines.

title: Broadbent Arena


text:
Synod of Jerusalem (1672)

The Synod of Jerusalem is an Eastern Orthodox synod held in 1672. It is also called the Synod of Bethlehem.

The synod was convoked and presided over by Patriarch Dositheus of Jerusalem. The synod produced a confession referred to as the Confession of Dositheus.

Background: Cyril Lucaris
In 1629, a small book in Latin, attributed to Cyril Lucaris, the Patriarch of Constantinople, and commonly referred to as the Confession of Cyril Lucaris, was published in Latin at Geneva. It contained an eighteen-point summary of beliefs that conformed with Calvinist teaching. French, English and German translations appeared in the same year. A Greek version called Eastern Confession of the Christian Faith appeared in Constantinople in 1631 or 1633. Lucaris was accused of adopting in this book Calvinistic views and asserting that Calvinism was in fact the faith of the Eastern Church. His E. Orthodox defenders claim that the book was a forgery. Cyril did not disavow it in writing.

Cyril Lucaris died in 1638.

Lucaris' Confession was condemned by the 1638 Synod of Constantinople and the 1642 Synod of Jassy.

Name, date and location
The Synod of Jerusalem is also called Synod of Bethlehem, because the synod took place at the Church of the Nativity at Bethlehem. It is also possible that the synod is referred to as Synod of Bethlehem because Patriarch Dositheus of Jerusalem summoned it on the occasion of consecrating said Church of the Nativity in 1672.

The synod was summoned in March 1672 and then took place the same year.

Synod and decisions
The synod rejected the doctrine of the Protestant Reformers, and also attempted to "articulate the dogmatic heritage of [Eastern] Orthodoxy in face of the dispute between Catholics and Protestants". The synod "defined [Eastern] Orthodox dogma in areas at issue in the Western Reformation".

The Synod refuted the Confession of Lucaris article by article.

The synod affirmed "the teaching role of the church and therefore of tradition against Protestant sola scriptura". The synod also affirmed "the role of love and grace, and therefore of deeds, in justification". The synod affirmed the seven mysteries (sacraments) and that those are not "merely symbolic or expressive"; moreover, the synod affirmed that the Christ was truly present in the eucharist and taught this by using the Greek equivalent to the Latin transubstantiatio,  metousiosis (μετουσίωσις). The synod also "confirmed the canonicity of the deutero-canonical books of the Old Testament, rejecting the Protestant shorter, Hebrew canon". The synod also rejected the theses of unconditional predestination and of justification by faith alone.

The Synod affirmed that the Holy Ghost proceeds from God the Father alone and not from both Father and Son.

Signing
The acts of the synod are signed by Dositheus, his predecessor the ex-patriarch Nectarius, six metropolitans and bishops, the Archimandrite of the Holy Sepulchre, Josaphat, and a great number of other archimandrites, priests, monks, and theologians. There are sixty-eight signatures in total. The Church of Russia was represented by a monk, Timothy.

Acts of the synod
The acts of the synod are dated 20 March 1672; they bear the title: ''Christ guides. A shield of the Orthodox Faith, or the Apology composed by the Synod of Jerusalem under the Patriarch of Jerusalem Dositheus against the Calvinist heretics, who falsely say that the Eastern Church thinks heretically about God and Divine things as they do''.

The first part begins by quoting the text: "There is a time to speak and a time to be silent", which text is explained and enlarged upon at length. It tells the story of the summoning of the synod, and vehemently denies that the Eastern Orthodox Church ever held the opinions attributed to Lucaris. To show this, the relations between the Lutherans and Jeremias II of Constantinople are quoted as well as the acts of former synods (Constantinople and Yassy). An elaborate attempt is then made to prove that Lucaris did not really write the famous Confession. To do this the Confession is compared clause by clause with other statements made by him in sermons and in other works.

In chapter ii, the synod declares that in any case Lucaris showed the Confession to no one, and tries to find further reasons for doubting his authorship.

Chapter iii maintains that, even if Lucaris had written the confession attributed to him, it would not thereby become a confession of the faith of the Eastern Orthodox Church, but would remain merely the private opinion of a heretic.

Chapter iv defends the Eastern Orthodox Church by quoting her formularies, and contains a list of anathemas against the perceived heresies of the Confession of Lucaris.

Chapter v again tries to defend Lucaris by quoting various deeds and sayings of his and transcribes the whole decree of the synod of Constantinople of 1639, and then that of Yassy (Giasion) of 1641.

Chapter vi gives the decrees of this synod in the form of a "Confession of Dositheus". It has eighteen decrees (horoi), followed by four "questions" (eroteseis) with long answers. In these, all the points denied by Lucaris' Confession (relationship between the Church and the Bible, Eastern Orthodox understanding of predestination, cult of saints, sacraments, the Real Presence, the liturgy, liturgy being a real sacrifice, etc.) are maintained at great length and in the most uncompromising way. A short epilogue closes the acts. Then follow the date, signatures, and seals.

Aftermath
Protestant writers say that the strong hostility toward Protestantism of the synod was the product of the Jesuits, of the French ambassador at that time, Olivier de Nointel, and of other Catholics who were undermining the Eastern Orthodox Church.

In their correspondence with the 18th-century Non-Juror Anglican bishops, the Eastern Patriarchs insisted on acceptance of the Synod's teaching on transubstantiation.

Importance
The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica called the confession of the Synod of Jerusalem "the most vital statement of faith made in the Greek Church during the past thousand years."

The 1910 Catholic Encyclopedia states the decrees of the synod "have been accepted unreservedly by the whole [Eastern] Orthodox Church. They were at once approved by the other patriarchs, the Church of Russia, etc.; they are always printed in full among the symbolic books of the [Eastern] Orthodox Church, and form an official creed or declaration in the strictest sense, which every [Eastern] Orthodox Christian is bound to accept." Nevertheless, Eastern Orthodox Metropolitan Kallistos Ware describes the synod as one among many held in the period of the ecumenical councils whose "statements of faith have in part been received [...] but in part set aside or corrected".

Protestant scholar Philip Schaff wrote: "This Synod is the most important in the modern history of the Eastern Church, and may be compared to the Council of Trent. Both fixed the doctrinal status of the Churches they represent, and both condemned the evangelical doctrines of Protestantism. Both were equally hierarchical and intolerant, and present a strange contrast to the first Synod held in Jerusalem, when 'the apostles and elders,' in the presence of 'the brethren,' freely discussed and adjusted, in a spirit of love, without anathemas, the great controversy between the Gentile and the Jewish Christians."

title: Synod of Jerusalem (1672)


text:
User:WikiCare

Hi, just wanted to have my account in the englisch Wiki reserved :) you can visit my german page de:Benutzer:WikiCare to find out more about me.

bye WikiCare 13:48, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:WikiCare


text:
Singaporean bridge

Singaporean bridge (also known as floating bridge ) is a re-invention of the traditional game of contract bridge deriving its name from where it is believed to have been invented, Singapore. There are many variations to the game which is primarily social, has no official book of rules and no formal organizing authority.

Introduction
Players assume fixed seats, but unlike contract bridge, the partners are not determined at the outset by virtue of prior pairing — they are determined at the end of the bidding. Using a standard 52-card deck, each player is dealt thirteen cards. There is a round of bidding to establish who is declarer, the trump suit, if any, and the number of tricks to be taken by declarer. Declarer then announces the rank and suit of a card and the holder of that card becomes declarer's undisclosed partner. Either declarer or the player on his left makes the first lead and normal trick-taking play ensues. Although declarer and his partner cooperate to take the most tricks, the partner does not immediately identify himself, strategically playing to tricks to assist declarer and revealing himself only by inference from the play.

There are no pre-determined number of deals or games to be played and hands are not duplicated for subsequent players, if any. Scoring may be by deals-won totals or the total of tricks won in successful contracts. Since partnerships change, players accumulate their individual scores to determine an overall winner.

Bidding
Bidding is initiated by the dealer or the player on his left. Suits are ranked as in contract bridge and the level of bidding is based on a 'book of six, i.e. an bid of '1' commits a contract to take seven tricks. Player make calls in clockwise fashion but there are no calls of 'double' or 'redouble'. The declarer is the player making the highest bid which is followed by three 'pass' calls.

In some game variants, bidding will only commence if every player has a sufficiently 'playable' hand to make the game meaningful. Hands are determined to be playable through a point system where aces are valued at 4 points, kings at 3, queens at 2 and jacks at 1. Further, every card after the 4th in each suit is also worth an additional 1 point. A playable hand must contains at least four points, or as may otherwise be agreed. If any one player does not have a playable hand, the deal may be abandoned (referred to as a 'wash') and the cards shuffled and redealt.

General
The player to the left of declarer makes the opening lead and normal trick-taking play ensues with the optional inclusion of some local rules, such as:
 * in notrump games, declarer makes the opening lead
 * the drawing of trumps can only begin when trump has been broken (i.e. a trump card has already been played)
 * the drawing of trump can be done at any point in the game
 * partnerships are determined at the onset and remain fixed

Strategy
Once the bidding has concluded, declarer establishes his partner by calling for the holder of a particular card - the 'called card'. It is known only to the card holder who the partner is and this fact remains undisclosed when the play to the first trick starts.

By way of strategy, if declarer has a strong trick-taking hand but lacks a key ace in one suit, he may call for the holder of that ace to be his partner. Or, if holding a very long suit lacking the ace, it may be better to call the holder of the ace of another suit in which he holds a singleton so that he can later ruff.

The partner can choose to "reveal" himself at any point in the game but only through his card play, or when forced to play the called card. Until then, declarer does not know who his partner is and can only infer it from the play of the cards. Partners usually try to reveal themselves early so as not to have their side-suit winners trumped by declarer. Alternatively, partner can pretend not to be the partner in order to mislead the opponents. However, partner is obliged to reveal himself by verbal declaration should the opponents be one trick away from winning.

Most of the time, the called card is one that declarer does not hold. However, it is legal for declarer to call a card he holds if he is confident that his hand is strong enough to make the contract unassisted and so he opts not to share any victory points with a partner. This may be strategically advantageous if the three opponents are unable to coordinate their defensive play until the farce is revealed and it is too late.

The foregoing contrasts with contract bridge where the dummy, his hand and the partnerships are known at the start.

Ethics and scoring
Singaporean bridge is a social game with a friendly informality. Players voice their bids and conversation during games is common.

There is no single or official point-scoring system but two concepts prevail:

 * 1) the winner is the player or pair who has won the most successful contracts or conversely who has defeated the most contracts, or
 * 2) the winner is the player or pair who accumulates the most points where points are scored according to the contracts bid and made where:
 * 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 points are scored for contracts of 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 tricks respectively
 * both partners score the same points when contracts are fulfilled
 * each defending player scores the same points when contracts are defeated
 * there are no extra points for overtricks and so players should try to bid to their full potential
 * there is a penalty for undertricks to discourage reckless pre-emptive bidding; defenders score 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 points depending on the number of undertricks.

The points for each game are recorded in four columns for four players. In each game, only the columns of the winning players have scores entered. Points are summed at the end of a gaming session to determine the overall winner.

title: Singaporean bridge


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Indefinability Theory of Truth

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep — but I'll add a cleanup tag, and expect the interested parties below to do the cleaning up --Gareth Hughes 16:11, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Indefinability Theory of Truth
Um... I honestly have no idea. I'm getting a slight whiff of OR, or possibly copyvio (although Google doesn't turn up anything for a few randomly-selected strings, it could be from a textbook). False alarm? DS 13:52, 15 October 2005 (UTC) . --best, kevin · · · Kzollman | Talk · · · 17:14, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This article is non-neutral and unsourced. However, have a look at correspondence theory of truth, in particular its "see also" section and references.  Research is needed to determine whether this is an accepted theory alongside the others.  Uncle G 14:13, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * note that the link in the "see also" section was added by the author. ---DDerby- (talk) 20:37, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rewrite Tarski's theorem certainly exists and the article is plausible (at least to a non-philospher). However the context that would make it encyclopedaic is missing.  Maybe merge to Theories of Truth or some such?     Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   14:19, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I vote confusion. to be honest, I've not heard of this (and I'm the sort of person that should have). But, this article attributes such a view to Gottlob Frege.  I will try to investigate this a little further. --best, kevin  · · · Kzollman | Talk · · · 16:51, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * We await the results of your research (as does the article ☺). I haven't found anything in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Uncle G 19:46, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * correspondence theory of truth is in the standard dictionaries. This article seems to be related to Tarski's semantic theory of truth but I'm out of my depth here.   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   20:51, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not the correspondence theory that is at issue here, though. It was the indefinability theory that I searched SEP for. Uncle G 15:46, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, I talked to my friend who knows more about this stuff than I do. The general feeling is that such a position exists, and I correctly attributed the view to Frege.  It is not terribly well regarded, because the argument for it rest on a mistake, but nonetheless, it exists.  I vote keep, but with a cleanup tag.  (If this gets kept, I'll try to tell the folks at WikiProject Philosophy about it so they can clean it up, I don't really know enough about Frege to do it myself)
 * Keep This appears to be a legitimate topic in philosophy. It is poorly written as an encyclopedia article, however.  It should have a history of the idea, including who originated it, when it originated, why it originated, what schools of thought are in opposition to it, etc.  Deletion is too drastic.  It does need cleaning up.  I am not the person to do it, as I am also out of my depth here. (comment by Rohirok)
 * Comment: if this turns out to be nonsense, delete the red link for the lowercase version of this on the truth article. -- Kjkolb 08:18, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Davian Clarke

Davian Clarke (born 30 April 1976) is a Jamaican former athlete, who mainly competed in the 400 metres. He was born in Spanish Town, St. Catherine and went to St. Catherine Primary & Kingston College HS won the bronze medal in the 4 x 400 metres relay at the 1996 Olympics, and many relay medals followed, before he won his first individual medal at the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships. Davian Clarke is also a graduate of University of Miami Patti & Allan Herbert Business School with Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA).

Personal bests

 * 200 metres – 20.72 s (1999)
 * 400 metres – 44.83 s (2004)

title: Davian Clarke


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Lupu Bridge

The Lupu Bridge, named after Luwan District, is a through arch bridge over the Huangpu River in Shanghai, China, connecting the city's Huangpu and Pudong districts. It is the world's third longest steel arch bridge, after the Ping'nan Third Bridge in Guangxi and the Chaotianmen Bridge in Chongqing. The bridge has a total length including approach spans of 3900 m and opened on June 28, 2003. The main bridge structure is 750m long including the two side spans of 100m each, and the main span of 550 m over the Huangpu River is 32 m longer than the previous record holder for the longest arch bridge, the New River Gorge Bridge in Fayetteville, West Virginia. It cost 2.5 billion yuan (US$302 million), including US$78.04 for the main steel structure alone. It is located adjacent to the former Expo 2010 site and served as the centrepiece of the world exposition in Shanghai.

Name
The name of the bridge, Lupu, is an abbreviation of the two districts of Shanghai which it links, one of which is now defunct. The north bank of the river administered by Luwan District until 2011, when it was merged into Huangpu District. However, the bridge still retains the name of the old district. The south bank of the river is administered by Pudong New Area. This follows the naming convention of the three earlier bridges across the Huangpu River, namely the Nanpu (Nanshi-Pudong), Yangpu (Yangpu-Pudong), and Xupu (Xuhui-Pudong) Bridges.

History
The bridge was envisioned to ease congestion between the quickly developing areas in southern Puxi, as well as to help cope with the traffic expected for Expo 2010. The Expo 2010 site was just to the east of the Lupu Bridge on the Puxi side, and on both sides of the bridge on the Pudong side.

Construction began in October 2000 using a cantilever method and temporary cable-stays. Over 35,000 tonnes of steel were used in construction. The bridge's arch was joined on October 7, 2002.

When the bridge was completed, it became the world's longest arch bridge, surpassing the earlier title holder, the New River Gorge Bridge in Fayetteville, West Virginia. An inauguration ceremony was held on June 27, 2003, featuring a group of runners, including Yao Ming, who were the first to cross the bridge. The bridge opened to vehicular traffic the next day.

In 2009, Lupu Bridge lost its title of the world's longest arch bridge to the Chaotianmen Bridge in Chongqing. The longest span of the Chaotianmen Bridge was only 2 m longer, at 552 m.

The Lupu Bridge was one of the architectural centerpieces of Expo 2010 in Shanghai, as it formed part of the western boundary of the Expo site.

Road connections
The bridge carries 6 lanes of the North–South Elevated Road, a major elevated roadway in the city, with 3 lanes in each direction. From Pudong, motorists can access the Lupu Bridge from on-ramps to the North–South Elevated Road westbound on Yaohua Road or northbound on Jiyang Road. The North–South Elevated Road actually ends immediately after the Lupu Bridge and becomes Jiyang Road, with an off-ramp to eastbound Yaohua Road.

On the Puxi side immediately north of the bridge, the North–South Elevated Road intersects with the Inner Ring Road, another major elevated highway in Shanghai, forming the Luban Road Interchange, a roundabout interchange.

Criticism
The construction of an arch bridge was viewed as wasteful in respect to the extra costs associated with building this type of bridge. Other designs which were less expensive in nature were rejected in favour of the more expensive tied arch design. Lupu Bridge became the first arch bridge across the Huangpu River in Shanghai and many feel its design is just a show piece for the city.

But the bridge's proponents argued that all the other bridges crossing the Huangpu were all cable-stayed bridges and having Lupu built as an arch bridge would make for variation of bridge types in the Shanghai landscape.

Tourist attraction
The Lupu Bridge used to be a popular tourist attraction along the Huangpu River. The bridge itself was actually also an attraction, as tourists could ascend to the observation deck at the top of the bridge. The attraction was known as Shanghai Climb, and involved riding a high-speed elevator from the base of the bridge, and then climbing 367 steps at high altitude along the arch of the bridge to the top. The attraction entrance was located on Luban Road, at the base of the Puxi side of the bridge. The observation area provides great views of Shanghai and the Expo 2010 site during the Expo. Currently (as of 03.05.2016) the bridge is closed for sightseeing.

The closest subway station currently in operation to the base of the bridge for the tourist attraction is the Luban Road Station on Line 4 of the Shanghai Metro. Lupu Bridge Station on Line 13, Shanghai Metro is actually named after the bridge itself, however it was a temporary station used during Expo 2010 and is currently not in operation.

Awards
The Lupu Arch Bridge, Shanghai, China, received the 2008 IABSE Outstanding Structure Award for being "A soaring box-arch bridge with a record span, clean impressive lines and innovative use of the side spans of the arch and the deck to resist the thrust of the main arch."

title: Lupu Bridge


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Delphine Combe

Delphine Combe (born 6 December 1974 in Aubenas, Ardèche) is a French sprinter. She won a bronze medal in 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1997 World Championships in Athletics and a gold medal in the same event at the 2002 European Championships in Athletics.

Personal bests

 * 100 metres – 11.35 (2002)
 * 200 metres – 23.27 (2002)

title: Delphine Combe


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All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship

The All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship is a competition for inter-county teams in the women's field sport of game of camogie played in Ireland. The series of games are organised by the Camogie Association and are played during the summer months with the All-Ireland Camogie Final being played in Croke Park, Dublin. The prize for the winning team is the O'Duffy Cup.

The men's equivalent tournament is the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship.

Highlights and incidents
Highlights and incidents through the history of the championship include:
 * The first final in which Dublin, captained by Association president Máire Gill and helped by two Bray players, beat Galway 3–2 to 0–2 at Galway Sportsfield in the summer of 1933, refereed by Stephen Jordan TD.
 * Six goals (of Cork's seven) scored by Kitty Buckley of Old Aloysius for Cork v Dublin n the 1941 final.
 * The 1942 final, broadcast on radio for the first time and the 1943 final between Dublin and Cork which set an attendance record of 9,136. In the absence of accurate figures for the 1962 final which may have had a higher attendance, it set a record that stood until 1995.
 * The rival 1945 “official” and “unofficial” finals, the result of splits in the association which occurred intermittently between 1938 and 1951, with a number of "official" and "unofficial" competitions, "new" and "old" associations and widespread confusion. Cork had pulled out of the 1944 Munster championship and Dublin pulled out of the 1945 All-Ireland championship over the dispute over male officials.
 * The 1946 final in Corrigan Park on front of a gate of £230, in which Antrim defeated Cork, leading to Corrigan Park's depiction by the press as the "home of camogie."
 * The 1948 final won by CIE club who represented Dublin en masse, as the county board was in dispute with the association.
 * The 1949 home final in which Kathleen Cody scored 6-7 of Dublin's 8-7 total in the final.
 * Dublin's winning streak, longest in the history of Gaelic games, winning 18 out of 19 titles between 1948 and 1966. They were unbeaten in the Leinster championship between July 26, 1936, and June 2, 1968. Kathleen Mills won 15 All-Ireland medals between 1941 and 1962, Sophie Brack won eight All-Ireland medals in succession and competed in nine successive finals. Úna O'Connor won ten All-Ireland medals.
 * Sophie Brack's four goals in the 1951 final.
 * The 1955 final between Dublin and Cork, regarded as the greatest of its era, with the performance of Sophie Brack rated as the best individual display.
 * Antrim's victory over Dublin in the 1956 semi-final to prevent 19-in-a-row, Marian Kearns scoring the winning goal. Antrim's star goalkeeper in the semi-final and final victory over Cork, Theresa Cairns, was just 14.
 * Dublin's revenge victory over Antrim in 1957 with a last-minute winning goal from Bríd Reid followed by a dramatic goal line save by Eileen Duffy.
 * Judy Doyle's four goals in the 1964 final and five in the 1965 final.
 * The extraordinary end to the 1966 semi-final between Dublin and Tipperary when Tipperary, expecting to have won by a point, were told instead that they had lost by a point after a hastily convened Central Council meeting in a nearby hotel.
 * The “and Mairéad must score” moment at the end of the 1966 final when Mairéad Carabine doubled on a falling ball to send it inches over the crossbar when a goal would have earned a replay for Antrim against Dublin.
 * Sue Cashman's equalising point for Antrim in the 1967 final; they won the replay with a great display by Mairéad McAtamney.
 * Wexford's breakthrough victory in 1968
 * The display by Liz Garvan in bringing Cork back to the podium in 1970, scoring 3-6 of Cork's 5–7 in the final.
 * The 1973 season when the All-Ireland championship reverted to its original format, the open draw.
 * Cally Riordan of Cork becoming the only person male or female to win two All Ireland medals in the one day when appearing for both Junior and Senior teams in the 1973 finals.
 * Kilkenny's emergence after a replayed final in 1974, with the help of a winning goal by Ursula Grace and a player of the match performance from a young Angela Downey.
 * Gretta Quigley's performance in captaining Wexford to victory in 1975 the day after she was married
 * Cork's last gasp point from Mary O’Leary, sister of Seánie, to win the 1982 final.
 * Angela Downey's famous goal in 1989, scored despite the fact she lost both hurley and skirt as she bore down on goal.
 * Lynn Dunlea's three goals in the 1993 final.
 * Linda Mellerick's last minute goal in 1995 to secure Cork's victory over Kilkenny.
 * Galway's breakthrough victory in 1996 with two goals from 18-year-old Denise Gilligan
 * Irene O'Keeffe's two first half goals in 1998 to help Cork win the first final to be shown live on television.
 * Tipperary's breakthrough victory in 1999, with the 14-year-old Claire Grogan on the team, and retention of title the following year with two early goals from Deirdre Hughes and subsequent rivalry with Cork. Tipperary won five All Irelands in six years.
 * Six goals exchanged in the 2012 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, which is considered to be one of the best games of all time with Wexford running out winners in the end, with Ursula Jacob scoring 2-7 of Wexford's 3–13.
 * Galway's first All-Ireland since 1996 in the 2013 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship and Therese Maher's stand out performance as she got her elusive medal after 16 years
 * Waterford's first appearance in an All-Ireland senior camogie final in 78 years 2023 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, losing to Cork in the final.

Participating teams
The county is a geographical region in Ireland, and each county organises its own camogie affairs. Twelve Counties currently participate in the Senior Championship following the promotion of Intermediate champions Down at the end of the 2020 season. These are Clare, Cork, Down, Dublin, Galway, Kilkenny, Limerick, Offaly, Tipperary, Waterford, Westmeath and Wexford.

Format
The counties participate in a group series with the top teams progressing to the knock-out stages. The eight teams were divided into two groups of four in 2009. In every other year the teams were placed in a single group of between six and eight teams. The first two championships were played on an open draw basis until in 1934 the championship was changed to the traditional quadro-provincial structure traditional to Gaelic games. Following the withdrawal of Connacht from the inter-provincial senior semi-finals the competition changed to an open-draw knockout system in 1974.

Introduction of group system in 2006
The championship structure was changed from a knockout to a round-robin system in 2006. The system was retained despite some initial criticism. An anomaly occurred in four of the first six championships under the new format (2006, 2008, 2010 and 2011) with the defeated All-Ireland finalists beating the eventual champions in the group stages, only to eventually lose to the same opposition in the All-Ireland final:
 * In 2006 Tipperary beat Cork by 3–8 to 1–10 in the group stages only to lose the final 0–12 to 0-4
 * In 2008, Cork beat Galway 1–9 to 0–9 in the group stages only to lose the final 2–10 to 1-8,
 * In 2010, Galway beat Wexford 1–8 to 0–10 in the group stages only to lose the final 1–12 to 1-10
 * and in 2011 involving the same counties, Galway beat Wexford by a massive 2–14 to 0–9 in the group stages only to lose the final 2–7 to 1-8.

Winners by county
Cork have won the All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship the most times – twenty-nine titles. Dublin have 26 Titles. Dublin won their very first All-Ireland title in 1932 and went on to dominate the competition for the next thirty five years. Between 1948 and 1955 they won eight consecutive titles in-a-row. Two years later in 1957 Dublin began another great run of success which ended in 1966 with the capturing of their tenth consecutive All-Ireland title. Had it not been for defeats in 1947, 1956 and 1967 it is reasonable to assume that Dublin could have captured twenty-one All-Ireland titles in succession. For a twenty-year period from 1974 until 1994 the Kilkenny camogie team dominated the championship. Between 1999 and 2006 Tipp won five All-Ireland titles from eight consecutive final appearances. Since 1998 Cork have won ten All-Ireland titles, their latest coming in 2023.

Six counties - Louth (1934 and 1936), Waterford (1945), Down (1948), Derry (1954), Mayo (1959) and Limerick (1980) each appeared in All-Ireland finals without ever winning the O’Duffy Cup while London appeared in the All-Ireland final "proper", effectively a play-off between the All-Ireland champions and British provincial champions in 1949 and 1950. Three counties, Kildare (1933), Cavan (1940 and 1941) and Clare (1944, and 1978) have contested the All-Ireland semi-final without qualifying for a final. The following is a list of the top county teams by number of wins.
 * Click on the year for details and team line-outs from each individual championship.

All-Ireland Senior Camogie Finals

 * Click on the year for details and team line-outs from each individual championship.

The first numeral in the scoreline of each team is the number of goals scored (equal to 3 points each) and the second numeral is the number of points scored, the figures are combined to determine the winner of a match in Gaelic games. Match duration was raised from 40 minutes to 50 minutes for the 1934 championship and subsequent championships up to 1987, and from 50 minutes to 60 minutes for the 1988 and subsequent championships. The points bar was removed for the 1979 and subsequent championships. Teams were increased from 12-a-side to 15-a-side for the 1999 and subsequent championships.

title: All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship