text:
Talk:Jim Ross

JR the ref?
Jim Ross has never reffed. Can someone remove that cat from the article? I can't for some reason. TaintedZebra 06:50, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

 * He has refereed, early in his career, when he was working for Bill Watts under Ernie Ladd's tutelage. --Jeffrey O. Gustafson - Shazaam! - <*> 06:57, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Then it should be mentioned in the article, otherwise the cat makes no sense being there. TaintedZebra 22:35, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
 * What a stupid statement. He has reffed. Therefore the article will say he has been a referee. There is no point in not saying it if it is true.
 * Without trying to cause a stir, this fact isn't mentioned anywhere in the article. Needs to be mentioned, I don't have any reference to prove this, so not putting it in. If this isn't included in the article and cited within two weeks, I'll remove the category. Fol de rol troll (talk) 23:01, 10 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Nothing mentioned to save this and nothing added, so removed category.Fol de rol troll (talk) 09:45, 25 November 2008 (UTC)

McMahon outed
In actual fact, McMahon was first revealed as more than just a commentator at the 1994 Royal Rumble, when in introducing Ted DiBiase as his color commentator DiBiase states "In fact, it should be the other way round McMahon you should be working for me". So I think it should be removed. Masterofdestiny (talk) 06:49, 29 November 2007 (UTC)
 * That is just a hint, a passing comment. Ross's worked shoot was the first instance of McMahon's ownership status being openly and explicitly stated, both in terms of the storyline (the work) and in terms of the reality that many fans were not aware of at the time (the shoot).  There is a huge difference.  --Jeffrey O. Gustafson - Shazaam! - <*> 07:22, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

His birth year
I think WWE.com's report of his 63rd birthday this year are not accurate or realistic. Meaning, I think the DAY is correct but not the year, I don't think he would say in an interview an age that differs so much from WWE.com's figure. The 63 years was probably decided upon by WWE creative as J.R. is meant to be old and such, already older than Vince McMahon now too...

Deanbb (talk) 06:08, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

I read in Power Slam magazine that Jim Ross was born on January 3rd 1952 which makes him 56 years old.Jimmy1994 (talk) 21:57, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

[ [User:jpb4life/jpb4life] ] —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jpb4life (talk • contribs) 23:37, 27 January 2008 (UTC) Jim Ross has signed a new 2 year contract with World Wrestling Entertainment

Drafted to SD
Page needs to be updated, he was drafted to Smackdown in exchange for Michael Cole. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.122.12.235 (talk) 04:04, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
 * ✅ ♥ Nici ♥ Vampire ♥ Heart ♥ 06:27, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

Non-Kayfabe Role
Why doesn't this article mention Ross' role as an Executive in the WWE corporation? Hes been a VP-Talent, Story writer and other stuff...but no mention here? Gavin (talk) 13:20, 14 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Look under the 1999-present section, second paragraph. It says:
 * For most of the next six years Ross was involved in very few storylines. Also during this time, Ross served as an Executive Vice President of Talent Relations for the WWF/WWE, a codified extension of his long-time role as a member of management backstage in charge of hiring new talent. By 2005, Ross had stepped down from his executive and management roles.
 * ♥ Nici ♥ Vampire ♥ Heart ♥ 13:24, 14 December 2008 (UTC)

His real life role is referenced, but it is very difficult to distinguish between some of the kayfabe events and the real life events, especially those beginning his "Sporadic appearances and departure (2010–2013)" section, such as the statement "Ross later revealed that he was given no prior notice that he was to be publicly fired". Was this a Kayfabe interview or a shoot interview? Ultimately, I think that his on air roll should be separated from his backstage role. CrazyFoolMrT (talk) 22:40, 1 February 2015 (UTC)

Removed info from most recent edit to Personal Life
I have just removed this from Personal Life -

"Ross has also particpated in several angles during his time with the company, making his inring debut on the october 11th 1999 raw where he teamed with Steve Austin and went to a no contest with Triple H and Chyna. Several years later he and Jerry Lawler lost to Jonathon Coachamn and AL Snow at Unforgiven 2003 after Chris Jericho attacked Ross. Two years later he beat Triple H after interference from Batista on Raw. He also has been cut open by steve austin, set on fire by Kane and given a low blow by Linda McMahon."

Any of this that is important should be included with citations in the main article. Fol de rol troll (talk) 21:44, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

Heath Ledger controversy
Just wondering, it's listed in the article that Ross said 'Unlike Heath Ledgar, Rey Mysterio's career is alive and well'. I'm sure he said "At least Rey Mysterio's career is alive and well". I don't remember him mentioning Ledger by name. Also, the Ledger in the quote is mis-spelt. Just wondering if anyone's got a recording they can listen to, just to double check...Fol de rol troll (talk) 11:53, 14 April 2009 (UTC)

I have the pay per view on video. He said 'Unlike Heath Legder, Rey Mysterio's career is alive and well'. I remember being shocked about what J.R. said. Chrissytina515 (talk) 03:47, 21 October 2009 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Jim Ross
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Jim Ross's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

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New Info On Retiring
http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/wrestling/2914948/WWE-commentator-Jim-Ross-says-hell-probably-never-announce-another-wrestling-match.html#ixzz0jkRMTtEl

Basically saying he's done and wont announce another match. Hope the source is okay. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.100.220.95 (talk) 10:23, 31 March 2010 (UTC)

Return (2011)
I made the original edit on JR's return, and I was wondering, is Triple H the real COO, or is it kayfabe? Thanks for the links, I was in a bit of a rush, as I had just seen it, and I was trying to be as detailed as possible. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wrestlin'fo (talk • contribs) 14:20, 27 July 2011 (UTC)

Health (stroke)
its written by a wwe agent? sounds like that :( nothing about his stroke? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.201.146.249 (talk) 04:35, 5 October 2011 (UTC)

Managing
The addition of Kane and Ezekiel Jackson under wrestlers he has managed seems like vandalism to me. When has he ever managed those guys? Also, Zeke's name is misspelled. There's also no mention of Dr. Death Steve Williams who is probably the only wrestler that JR has ever legitimately managed. TheGary (talk) 00:35, 10 January 2012 (UTC)

2k14
HI. Why can't I include that Ross was fired because he did a poor job as host in 2k14 panel? The source PWInsider says that it was the reason. PWInsider doesn't say that still a rumor. --HHH Pedrigree (talk) 17:52, 13 September 2013 (UTC)
 * The opening line in their article is "The word making the rounds within WWE" which means they are reporting the rumors they have heard. In general Wikipedia does not report rumors even from reliable sources especially when dealing with biographies of living people (see WP:BLPGOSSIP for more information). If we find more reliable sources that confirm this information then perhaps we can include the information in a carefully worded manner making clear that it is rumor/speculation. But honestly, given the nature of the information, the lack of weasel wording, the BLP concerns involved, and the overall trivial nature of the information, in the end it probably just does not belong in a general encyclopedia like Wikipedia. SQGibbon (talk) 18:07, 13 September 2013 (UTC)
 * AFAIK, I found one of Dave Metzler's story on TWO via WrestleZone.comFreshCorp619 (talk) 13:26, 14 September 2013 (UTC)

JR talks about why he was fired here - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3E3xhJpQrqw --Moonschool (talk) 06:07, 2 June 2014 (UTC)

Fox Sports
Didn't he sign with fox sports? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.40.153.46 (talk) 19:38, 18 July 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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College Info Missing
His broadcast career begins with the sentence "During his tenure in college, Ross had spent some time commentating on college radio." What's not included, in that section or the early life section, is where he went to college, what he studied, when he graduated, on what radio station he did football broadcasting and what got him involved in broadcasting. It's odd that the article lists so much info about his high school experience and doesn't even tell you the college he went to or the name of the college radio station he contributed to.

If anyone has any info on this, please add it to the "Early life" section. In fact, I move that we rename that section "Early life and education" since there's already enough info there to warrant a rename. Machine Man (talk) 13:00, 8 October 2018 (UTC)

J.R. Has Returned to TBS For The First Time Since His WCW Days
Please include this in the article.2601:447:4000:220:D858:AFCA:BEA:345E (talk) 01:50, 6 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jim Ross


text:
Isothermal flow

Isothermal flow is a model of compressible fluid flow whereby the flow remains at the same temperature while flowing in a conduit. In the model, heat transferred through the walls of the conduit is offset by frictional heating back into the flow. Although the flow temperature remains constant, a change in stagnation temperature occurs because of a change in velocity. The interesting part of this flow is that the flow is choked at $$1/\sqrt{k}$$ and not at Mach number equal to one as in the case of many other model such as Fanno flow. This fact applies to real gases as well as ideal gases.

For the important practical case of a gas flow through a long tube, the model has applicability in situations where distance is relatively long and heat transfer is relatively rapid so temperature can be treated, for engineering purposes, as a constant. This model also has applicability as upper boundary to Fanno flow.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Isothermal flow


text:
Season of Migration to the North

Season of Migration to the North (موسم الهجرة إلى الشمال Mawsim al-Hijrah ilâ al-Shamâl) is a classic postcolonial Arabic novel by the Sudanese novelist Tayeb Salih, published in 1966; it is the novel for which he is best known. It was first published in the Beirut journal Hiwâr. The main concern of the novel is with the impact of British colonialism and European modernity on rural African societies in general and Sudanese culture and identity in particular. His novel reflects the conflicts of modern Sudan and depicts the brutal history of European colonialism as shaping the reality of contemporary Sudanese society. Damascus-based Arab Literary Academy named it one of the best novels in Arabic of the twentieth century. Mawsim al-Hijrah ilâ al-Shamâl is considered to be an important turning point in the development of postcolonial narratives that focus on the encounter between East and West.

The novel has been translated into more than twenty languages. Salih was fluent in both English and Arabic, but chose to pen this novel in Arabic. The English translation by Denys Johnson-Davies was published in 1969 as part of the influential Heinemann African Writers Series. The novel is a counternarrative to Heart of Darkness. It was described by Edward Said as one of the six great novels in Arabic literature. In 2001 it was selected by a panel of Arab writers and critics as the most important Arab novel of the twentieth century.

Historical context
In January 1899, a condominium, or joint-authority, was established to rule over Sudan by Britain and Egypt. Sudan gained independence in 1956, but was then engulfed in two prolonged civil wars for much of the remainder of the 20th century. This novel is set in the 1960s, a significant and tumultuous time in Sudan's history.

Summary
Mawsim al-Hijrah ilâ al-Shamâl is the story of the “traveled man,” the African who has returned from schooling abroad, told to an unspecified audience by an unnamed narrator. The narrator returns to his Sudanese village of Wad Hamid on the Nile in the 1950s after writing a doctoral thesis on ‘the life of an obscure English poet.’ Mustafa Sa'eed, the main protagonist of the novel, is a child of British colonialism, and a fruit of colonial education. He is also a monstrous product of his time.

The unnamed narrator is eager to make a contribution to the new postcolonial life of his country. On his arrival home, the narrator encounters a new villager named Mustafa Sa'eed who exhibits none of the adulation for his achievements that most others do, and he displays an antagonistically aloof nature. Mustafa betrays his past one drunken evening by wistfully reciting poetry in fluent English, leaving the narrator resolute to discover the stranger's identity. The narrator later asks Mustafa about his past, and Mustafa tells him much of his story, often saying "I am no Othello, Othello was a lie," as well as "I am a lie."

The narrator becomes fascinated by Mustafa, and learns that Mustafa was also a precocious student educated in the West but that he held a violent, hateful and complex relationship with his western identity and acquaintances. The story of Mustafa's troubled past in Europe, and in particular his love affairs with British women, form the center of the novel. Mustafa attracts the women by appealing to their Orientalist fantasies, and all of these relationships end in tragedy. Three of the women commit suicide and the fourth, Mustafa's wife, is murdered by him. He stands trial for the murder and serves time in an English jail.

In the dramatic present, Mustafa drowns in the Nile, and his widow, Hosna, is pressured to remarry. She refuses, because she does not want to marry after her husband. She tries to appeal to the narrator, who was appointed the guardian of her sons in Mustafa's will. The narrator does try to foil the marriage, before it can take place, but he spends most of his time in Khartoum and therefore cannot exert much influence on the village. Hosna is married to Wad Rayyes against her will, and when he attempts to forcefully consummate the marriage, she kills him first and then proceeds to kill herself. Both are then buried without a funeral.

The stories of Mustafa's past life in England and the repercussions on the village around him, take their toll on the narrator, who is driven to the edge of sanity. In the final chapter, the narrator is floating in the Nile, precariously between life and death, and resolves to rid himself of Mustafa's lingering presence, and to stand as an influential individual in his own right. In the middle of the Nile, he yells, "Help! Help!" The novel ends upon that cry, and it is unclear whether his decision is too late, whether it is the right one, and whether he, others, and the country itself will receive the help needed.

Relation to other texts
The novel can be related in many ways to the seminal works of Frantz Fanon, specifically Black Skin, White Masks. Fanon discusses the politics of desire between black men and white women, as Salih also explores extensively in the relationships of Mustafa Sa'eed. Also, it has been compared in many ways to Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness. Both novels explore cultural hybridity, cross-colonial experiences, and Orientalism.

The novel is also set in the same village, Wad Hamid, as some of Salih's other works, including The Wedding of Zein, Bandarshah, and others. Many of the novel's characters, such as Mahjoub and the narrator, recur in these other works as well. Thus, Ami Elad-Boulaski writes that Salih's depiction of Wad Hamid is more fully realized because a reader can track the development of characters throughout multiple novels and short stories.

Controversy
Season of Migration to the North was initially published in 1966, in serialized form, by Hiwar, a Beirut-based literary magazine that was covertly established and funded by the CIA.

The novel was banned in the author's native Sudan for a period of time starting in 1983 because its graphic sexual imagery offended the Islamic government. Today the novel is readily available in Sudan.

Theater

 * Season of Migration to the North, adapted and directed by Ouriel Zohar, starring Mohammed Bakri. Bakri won the award for best actor in the 1993 Acco Festival of Alternative Israeli Theatre.

Editions in print

 * ISBN 0-435-90630-5 Season of Migration to the North, 1969 Heinemann
 * ISBN 0-935576-29-0 Season of Migration to the North (hardcover), 1989 M. Kesend Pub. Ltd.
 * ISBN 0-435-90066-8 Season of Migration to the North (paperback), 1970 Heinemann
 * ISBN 0-89410-199-4 Season of Migration to the North: A novel (paperback reprint), 1980 Lynne Rienner Publishers
 * ISBN 0-14-118720-4 Season of Migration to the North, 2003 Penguin Classics Series
 * ISBN 978-159017-302-2 Season of Migration to the North, 2009 New York Review Books, Introduction by Laila Lalami
 * ISBN 978-9953-970-02-8 Season of Migration to the North, 2017 Dongola Limited Editions Publishing, Artist's book limited edition of 30, 10 original etchings by Mohammad Omar Khalil

title: Season of Migration to the North


text:
Allensworth, California

Allensworth is an unincorporated community in Tulare County, California. Established by Allen Allensworth in 1908, the town was the first in California to be founded, financed, and governed by African-Americans.

The original townsite is designated as Colonel Allensworth State Historic Park. The 2020 United States census reported Allensworth's population was 531, up from 471 at the 2010 census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Allensworth as a census-designated place (CDP).

Allensworth sits at an elevation of 213 ft, the same elevation as the huge and historically important Tulare Lake shore when it was full. The community is located in the ZIP Code 93219 and in the area code 661.

History
On June 30, 1908, clergyman Colonel Allen Allensworth and Denison University graduate Professor William Alexander Payne established the California Colony and Home Promoting Association. Allensworth and Payne were the chief officers, with the other constituents being miner John W. Palmer; minister William H. Peck; and real estate agent Harry A. Mitchell (all of whom were Black men). The Association purchased 20 acres of land from the Pacific Farming Company with the goal of establishing a town for Black soldiers. The land was situated at the then-extant Santa Fe rail line stop, titled "Solita." The land was divided into individual parcels, forming "a colony of orderly and industrious African Americans who could control their own destiny."

Allensworth's reputation drew many from all over the country to the town, causing some to buy property sight-unseen in order to support the efforts. In the early 20th century, the area boasted a great boom and hosted California's first African American school district by 1910.

The town was especially reported upon in 1912 to 1915, the period considered its apex as a thriving community. Its growth was reported in The New York Age, the California Eagle (which emphasized that "there is not a single white person having anything to do with the affairs of the colony") and the Los Angeles Times, which labelled Allensworth as the "ideal Negro settlement."

By 1914, the town had established a schoolhouse, thereby becoming California’s first African American school district. It also had a courthouse, a Baptist church, a hotel, and a Tulare County library.

However, multiple complications occurred in 1914. The Santa Fe rail system moved its railroad stop from Allensworth to Alpaugh. In September 1914, Colonel Allensworth died in Monrovia, California, where he was struck by a motorcycle while crossing the street. The town experienced extreme losses, coupled with severe drought due to water being redirected from the town causing decreased crop yields. Despite this, the 1915 voting registration showed "farmers, storekeepers, carpenters, nurses and more, all suggesting that the colony’s business and industrial output was prodigious."

Many residents left the area following World War I.

The California Colony and Home Promoting Association's 1929 blueprint of Allensworth is available for viewership online via the California State Archives.

The town of Allensworth was scheduled for demolition in 1966 when arsenic was found in the water supply.

Legacy
The town was memorialized as a state park in 1974, and hosts seasonal events to preserve its history, which garner "thousands of visitors" from around the state. The area around the park is inhabited. In 1976, the Colonel Allensworth Historic Park was established, a process which was started by Cornelius Ed Pope. Historic buildings from 1908-1918 have been restored in the town center.

A number of the restored buildings are at the center of the 2022 documentary film Allensworth by James Benning. The film had its U.S. premiere at the 2022 Denver Film Festival and its European premiere at the 2023 Berlinale.

Geography
Allensworth marks the eastern high-water shoreline of Tulare Lake, (once the largest U.S. lake outside the Great Lakes,) which supported one of the largest Indian populations on the continent, herds of elk, millions of water fowl, as well as a commercial fishery and ferry service. Other townsites located on this historic shoreline include Lemoore on its northern tip, and Kettleman City on the western shore, while nearby Alpaugh is on the eastern end of a long, sandy ridge at elevation 210 ft. that was once called Hog Island. Due to diversions of the natural waterways since the mid to late 19th century, only a tiny remnant of Tulare Lake now remains. The last time Tulare Lake was full and overflowed its spillway (near Lemoore) was 1878.

Just north of Allensworth is the Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, 6833 acre grassland and wetland habitats operated by the Department of the Interior, US Fish and Wildlife Service. Of great interest, thousands of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis), use this refuge each winter from November through March. Red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), are among the 141 type of birds that can be seen here. Burrowing owls are sometimes present. Also present are Pacific pond turtles, once an important part of Tulare Lake's fishery trade with San Francisco.

Adjacent to the town is Allensworth Ecological Reserve. The endangered San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica) can be found in this area.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 3.1 square miles (8.0 km2), all of it land.

Demographics
The 2010 United States Census reported that Allensworth had a population of 471. The population density was 151.8 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Allensworth was 158 (33.5%) White, 22 (4.7%) African American, 0 (0.0%) Native American, 8 (1.7%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 279 (59.2%) from other races, and 4 (0.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 436 persons (92.6%).

The Census reported that 471 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 115 households, out of which 69 (60.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 67 (58.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 20 (17.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 11 (9.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 10 (8.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 13 households (11.3%) were made up of individuals, and 7 (6.1%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.10. There were 98 families (85.2% of all households); the average family size was 4.37.

The population was spread out, with 187 people (39.7%) under the age of 18, 66 people (14.0%) aged 18 to 24, 100 people (21.2%) aged 25 to 44, 93 people (19.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 25 people (5.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.6 males.

There were 142 housing units at an average density of 45.8 /sqmi, of which 56 (48.7%) were owner-occupied, and 59 (51.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 11.8%. 220 people (46.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 251 people (53.3%) lived in rental housing units.

Education
The Allensworth School District hosts a single school serving grades K through 8. That school is named Allensworth Elementary School.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Allensworth is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Allensworth is in.

title: Allensworth, California


text:
User:GregAsche/Articles

Republican Party of Minnesota v. White

Tax exempt status

Canterbury Park

Ake v. Oklahoma

Arthur Andersen LLP v. United States

Enumerated Powers Act

Fuddruckers

Dickerson v. United States

title: User:GregAsche/Articles


text: Category:Geomyoid rodents

title: Category:Geomyoid rodents


text:
Perineal

Perineal may refer to:

 * The perineum, the region of the body between the pubic arch and the tail bone
 * Perineal artery, an artery supplying the perineal region
 * Perineal nerve, a nerve innervating the perineal region

title: Perineal


text:
Buccal

Buccal may refer to:
 * Buccal, or buccal cavity, an oral body cavity (mouth), particularly the cheek cavity
 * Buccal administration
 * Buccal space, in the mouth
 * Buccal artery
 * Buccal branch of the facial nerve
 * Buccal nerve

title: Buccal


text:
Celgene

Celgene Corporation is a pharmaceutical company that makes cancer and immunology drugs. Its major product is Revlimid (lenalidomide), which is used in the treatment of multiple myeloma, and also in certain anemias. The company is incorporated in Delaware, headquartered in Summit, New Jersey, and a subsidiary of Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS).

History
Celgene was originally a unit of Celanese. In 1986, Celanese completed the corporate spin-off of Celgene following the merger of Celanese with American Hoechst.

In August 2000, Celgene acquired Signal Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a privately held company that developed pharmaceuticals to regulate disease-related genes. Signal Pharmaceuticals was rebranded as Celgene Research San Diego.

In December 2002, Celgene acquired Anthrogenesis, a privately held New Jersey-based biotherapeutics company and cord blood banking business, which is developing technology for the recovery of stem cells from placental tissues following the completion of full-term successful pregnancies. Anthrogenesis was rebranded as Celgene Cellular Therapeutics.

In 2006, Celgene certified McKesson Specialty, a specialty pharmacy, as one of a group of pharmacies contracted to launch lenalidomide (Revlimid). As a specialty drug, lenalidomide is only available through the a distribution network consisting of specialty pharmacies contracted by the company.

In March 2008, Celgene acquired Pharmion Corporation for $2.9 billion.

In January 2010, Celgene acquired Gloucester Pharmaceuticals.

In June 2010, Celgene agreed to acquire Abraxis BioScience. It purchased the biotechnology company for $2.9 billion in its expansion into drugs that attack solid tumors. Abraxis produced Abraxane, the cancer-fighting drug that can be given in high doses.

In November 2011, Celgene relocated its United Kingdom headquarters from Windsor, Berkshire, to Stockley Park, near Heathrow airport which is also the home of GlaxoSmithKline's UK operations.

In January 2012, Celgene agreed to acquire Avila Therapeutics, Inc., a privately held biotechnology company for $925 million, with $350 million in cash.

Citing a market capitalization of US$67 billion, and stock appreciation of 107%, Celgene was Forbes Magazine's number 2 ranked drug company of 2013.

In 2014, Celgene and OncoMed Pharmaceuticals joined a cancer stem cell therapeutic development agreement with demcizumab and five other biologics from OncoMed's pipeline. That same year, Sutro Biopharma entered into an agreement with Celgene Corporation to discover and develop multispecific antibodies and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). This followed the December 2012 collaboration between the two companies and focused on the field of immuno-oncology.

In April 2015, Celgene announced a collaboration with AstraZeneca, worth $450 million, to study their Phase III immuno-oncology drug candidate MEDI4736.

That same month, Celgene announced it would acquire Quanticel for up to $485 million in order to enhance its cancer drug pipeline. Celgene had invested in Quanticel in April 2011.

In June 2015, Celgene announced it had licensed Lyceras RORgamma agonist portfolio for up to $105 million to develop its Phase I lead compound LYC-30937 for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The licensing opportunity gave Celgene the option to acquire Lycera.

In July 2015, the company announced it would acquire Receptos for $7.2 billion in a move to strengthen the company's inflammation and immunology areas.

In May 2016, the company announced it would launch partnership with Agios Pharmaceuticals, developing metabolic immuno-oncology therapies.

In October 2016, the company acquired EngMab AG for $600 million.

In January 2017, the company announced it would acquire Delinia for $775 million, increasing the company's autoimmune disease therapy offerings.

In January 2018, Celgene announced it would acquire Impact Biomedicines for $7 billion, adding fedratinib, a kinase inhibitor with potential to treat myelofibrosis.

Also in January 2018, the company announced it would acquire Juno Therapeutics for $9 billion.

US headquarters in Summit, New Jersey
The company's Summit headquarters are located along the 7.3-mile main line of the abandoned Rahway Valley Railroad. Some have advocated for the railbed's conversion to a pedestrian and cyclist linear park and rail trail.

Acquisition by Bristol-Myers Squibb
In January 2019, the company announced it would be acquired by Bristol-Myers Squibb for $74 billion ($95 billion including debt), a deal that would become the largest pharmaceutical company acquisition ever. Celgene shareholders would receive one BMY share as well as $50 in cash for each Celgene share held, valuing Celgene at $102.43 a share; representing a 54% premium to the previous days closing price. The activist investor Starboard Value LP opposed the deal, nominating five alternative potential directors on the Bristol-Myers board. The deal was approved by shareholders in April 2019.

In August 2019, Amgen announced it would acquire the Otezla drug programme from Celgene for $13.4 billion, as part of Celgene and Bristol-Myers Squibb's merger deal. The Bristol-Myers acquisition closed on November 20, 2019.

In November 2019, Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) announced that it has completed its acquisition of Celgene following the receipt of regulatory approval from all government authorities required by the merger agreement and, as announced on April 12, 2019, approval by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Celgene stockholders.

Company origin and acquisition history
The following is an illustration of the company's major mergers and acquisitions and historical predecessors (this is not a comprehensive list):

 * Celgene (Spun off from Celanese in 1986, acquired by Bristol-Myers Squibb in 2019)
 * Signal Pharmaceuticals, Inc (Acq 2000)
 * Anthrogenesis (Acq 2002)
 * Pharmion Corporation (Acq 2008)
 * Gloucester Pharmaceuticals (Acq 2009)
 * Abraxis BioScience Inc (Acq 2010)
 * Avila Therapeutics, Inc (Acq 2012)
 * Quanticel (Acq 2015)
 * Receptos (Acq 2015)
 * EngMab AG (Acq 2016)
 * Delinia (Acq 2017)
 * Impact Biomedicines (Acq 2018)
 * Juno Therapeutics (Acq 2018)
 * AbVitro (Acq 2016)
 * RedoxTherapies (Acq 2016)

Executive history
In March 2016, Bob Hugin, the company's long serving CEO, retired from his position and took the role of executive chairman. Bob Hugin was succeeded in the CEO role by Mark Alles. At the same time, Jacqualyn Fouse was named as the company's president and COO; Fouse had joined the company in 2010 as the CFO. Effective June 30, 2017, Dr. Fouse will purportedly step down and be succeeded by Scott Smith, president of the company's Global Inflammation & Immunology Franchise, who joined the company in 2008. Dr. Fouse has been voted out by the board of directors on 2 April 2018.

Finances
For the fiscal year 2017, Celgene reported earnings of US$2.539 billion, with an annual revenue of US$13.003 billion, an increase of 15.8% over the previous fiscal cycle. Celgene's shares traded at over $74 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$51.8 billion in November 2018.

Products
As of 2019, Celgene focused on oncology and immunology. Cancer drugs include Revlimid (lenalidomide) and Pomalyst (pomalidomide) and the immunology drug Otezla (apremilast) accounted for around 90% of the company's total revenue as of 2019.

Product-related history
In July 1998, Celgene received approval from the FDA to market Thalomid for the acute treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of moderate to severe ENL.

In April 2000, Celgene reached an agreement with Novartis Pharma AG to license d-MPH, Celgene's chirally pure version of RITALIN. The FDA subsequently granted approval to market d-MPH, or Focalin, in November 2001.

In December 2005, Celgene received approval from the FDA to market Revlimid for the treatment of patients with transfusion-dependent anemia due to Low- or Intermediate-1-risk MDS associated with a deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities. Focalin XR was later launched by Celgene and Novartis in 2005.

In May 2006, Celgene received approval for Thalomid in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

In June 2007, Celgene received full marketing authorization for Revlimid in combination with dexamethasone as a treatment for patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior therapy by the European Commission.

Pipeline

 * Ozanimod is an oral, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator that binds with high affinity selectively to S1P subtypes 1 (S1P1) and 5 (S1P5). Ozanimod causes lymphocyte retention in lymphoid tissues. The mechanism by which ozanimod exerts therapeutic effects in multiple sclerosis is unknown, but may involve the reduction of lymphocyte migration into the central nervous system. Ozanimod is in development for immune-inflammatory indications including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
 * Celgene develops several products within several areas of research (MM, MDS, AML, Lymphoma, CLL, Beta-Thalassemia, Myelofibrosis, Solid Tumors, Inflammation & Immunology.

Antitrust allegations
In 2009, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories requested, and Celgene refused to provide, a samples of Celgene's anticancer drug THALOMID (thalidomide). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories sought the material for bioequivalency studies required to bring its own, generic, version of thalidomide to market. In response to the refusal, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories filed a Citizen's Petition with the FDA asking the Agency to adopt procedures that would ensure generic applicants the right to buy sufficient samples to perform bioequivalence testing of drugs that were subject to REMS distribution restrictions.

Celgene denied that it had behaved anti-competitively, arguing that the legislative history strongly suggested that Congress considered and rejected a proposed guaranteed access procedure like the one proposed by Dr. Reddy's. Celgene further argued that requiring innovator companies to sell their products to potential generic competitors would violate its intellectual property rights and subject it to liability risks in the event that patients were harmed in Dr. Reddy's studies.

In 2018, Celgene was at the top of a list of companies that the FDA identified as refusing to release samples to competitors to create generics.

Generic manufacturer Lannett Company initiated antitrust litigation that accused Celgene of using its REMS for THALOMID (thalidomide) to violate the anti-monopolization provisions of the Sherman Act. In early 2011, the district court denied Celgene's motion to dismiss. The case was set for trial beginning in February 2012, but the parties settled before the trial began, thereby postponing further judicial review of antitrust claims premised on alleged abuse of REMS distribution restrictions.

Fraud allegations
In July 2017, Celgene agreed to pay $280 million to government agencies to settle allegations that it caused the submission of false claims or fraudulent claims for non-reimbursable uses of its drugs Revlimid and Thalomid to Medicare and state Medicaid programs. In its July 2017 10-Q, Celgene disclosed that it resolved the matter in full for $315 million, including fees and expenses. The case was brought under the False Claims Act by Beverly Brown, a former Celgene sales representative.

title: Celgene


text: User talk:67.175.249.101

title: User talk:67.175.249.101


text:
Talk:Shanrio

"No assertion of notability" is not a valid WP:CSD for a website. Suggest a speedy redirect to Sanrio instead. Pburka 02:04, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shanrio


text:
User talk:205.131.188.5

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed or reverted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. - User:Mys e kurity|Mysekurity ]] additions | e-mail ]]02:05, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Please refrain from removing content from Wikipedia, as you did to Smart Fortwo. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. SkerHawx 21:24, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

Please do not add nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. utcursch | talk 11:15, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, you will be blocked from editing. -FisherQueen (Talk) 11:19, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

July 2007
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did to Tattoo. Your edits appear to be vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. super βεε cat 17:31, 27 July 2007 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.

Regarding your edits to Roxy Reynolds:
Your recent edit to Roxy Reynolds (diff) was reverted by an automated bot. The edit was identified as adding either test edits, vandalism, or link spam to the page or having an inappropriate edit summary. If you want to experiment, please use the preview button while editing or consider using the sandbox. If this revert was in error, please contact the bot operator. If you made an edit that removed a large amount of content, try doing smaller edits instead. Thanks! // VoABot II 18:58, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

November 2008
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to November 6 has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Eric-Wester (talk) 14:52, 6 November 2008 (UTC)

The recent edit you made to November 6 constitutes vandalism, and has been reverted. Please do not continue to vandalize pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Eric-Wester (talk) 14:53, 6 November 2008 (UTC)

This is the last warning you will receive for your disruptive edits. If you vandalize Wikipedia again, you will be blocked from editing. --CalendarWatcher (talk) 14:58, 6 November 2008 (UTC)

June 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Chronic kidney disease has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you.   Fyyer    12:40, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

November 2009
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October 2010
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March 2012
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Tevin Campbell, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you.  Pinkadelica ♣  21:18, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
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Your recent edits
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Thank you. --SineBot (talk) 20:55, 25 November 2013 (UTC)

climate change, ARBCC, discretionary sanctions, and request for your list of RSs
FYI, all articles that cover climate change "broadly defined" are subject to discretionary sanctions pursuant to the arbitration decision at WP:ARBCC. Disruptive editing and other no-nos can subject you to sanctions including blocks and bans. At Talk:climate change you have been making plenty of POV accusations but without articulating specific article improvement suggetions based on what wikipedia defines as reliable sources. You have been asked many times to list your reliable sources but you have not done so. Repeated failing to answer simple questions like this is one form of disruptive editing, which is explicitly prohibited by the arbitration ruling I cited above.

Would you please list your proposed RSs that support your statements at Talk:climate change? NewsAndEventsGuy (talk) 23:43, 27 November 2013 (UTC)

December 2013
Hello, I'm MusikAnimal. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made with this edit to Talk:Global warming/FAQ, because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. — MusikAnimal talk 17:36, 3 December 2013 (UTC)
 * A better place is at the Talk:Global warming NewsAndEventsGuy (talk) 17:51, 3 December 2013 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you remove or blank page content or templates from Wikipedia, as you did at Talk:Global warming/FAQ, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. ''You have violated WP:3RR. Do not revert again without consensus.'' Gaba  (talk)  00:17, 4 December 2013 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.
 * before anyone files a 3RR there needs to be at least some effort at talk page discussion. The IP really should have done that after they were reverted the first time but nonetheless I have opened the thread at Talk:Global_warming. NewsAndEventsGuy (talk) 00:24, 4 December 2013 (UTC)

AN/I for multiple removal of content
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Anonymous users from this IP address have been blocked temporarily from editing for edit warring. If you have a registered Wikipedia username, you may log in and continue to edit. Otherwise, once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you think there are good reasons why you should be unblocked, you may appeal this block by adding the following text below this notice:. However, you should read the guide to appealing blocks first. During a dispute, you should first try to discuss controversial changes and seek consensus. If that proves unsuccessful, you are encouraged to seek dispute resolution, and in some cases it may be appropriate to request page protection. De728631 (talk) 15:27, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

Hello, I'm Mlpearc. I noticed that you made a change to an article, Immigrant Song, but you didn't provide a reliable source. It's been removed for now, but if you'd like to include a citation and re-add it, please do so! If you need guidance on referencing, please see the referencing for beginners tutorial, or if you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. Mlpearc ( open channel ) 17:32, 11 December 2013 (UTC)
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Recent edits to Bruce Allen (American football)
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July 2017
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title: User talk:205.131.188.5


text:
Talk:Brighton and Hove

Proposal for change and an additional section
I will be adding a new "Downland and surrounding area" section and a note on the unique Liz Williams Butterfly haven.

At the same time I suggest that the page needs a bit of a clean up.

Many of the sections should be subsections of another section.

I propose:
 * the Letter's patent section be a subsection in the History section (or deleted completely)
 * the Wards' section be a subsection of Governance
 * the new "Downland and surrounding area" area that I will be creating be put in Geography (possibly renamed)
 * the Census section be a subsection of Economy and demography (possibly, but probably not, itself a subsection of Geography?)

Paolo Oprandi (talk) 16:09, 28 September 2021 (UTC)

&, not and
I suddenly realised that this article has spelt the name of the city wrongly throughout. the City was named Brighton & Hove when it gained city status, so should be refered to as such. however when the old administrative areas of Brighton and Hove are refered to it is ok to omit the ampersand. I have also added a line to mention that this naming is unique in as much as it contains an ampersand. sharing the distinction with westward ho! that also has a non alphabetic character in its name.

I will also make a duplicate of the page renamed Brighton & Hove so that links from other pages can be corrected. I hope that this is the correct way of going about it. DavidP 02:05, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

iffy - I dont have the faintest - I hoped to give some time to it yesterday but ended up chasing my own tail around the help pages trying to find a coherent explanation of how the categories work, or rather how to edit them. - I ended up sitting perplexed at 4:30 am wishing I'd never started. maybe soon I will put aside a couple of days to give it another try. just now though Ill check to see if youve already changed them back, if not ill do it. thanks for your note DavidP 01:37, 21 October 2005 (UTC)
 * David, I've noticed you've changed the "In other languages" links to correctly use the "&" instead of "and". Unfortunately, the articles in other languages are still incorrect. Any idea how we can go about correcting the foreign-language articles as well? My Norwegian is non-existent! --A bit iffy 13:32, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

categories?
attempted at length to change or add the category heading to also read Brighton & Hove rather than Brighton and Hove. it got the better of me - can anyone help to either correct the spelling of the category or add a new one... thanks DavidP 12:58, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Ampersand considered harmful
No, the city does not have an Ampersand in its name, to my knowledge. If you read the actual law establishing the borough, you'll note it uses "Brighton and Hove" not "Brighton & Hove". Morwen - Talk 23:52, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Morwen. like you i too have spent a while trying to clear this little conundrum up, since you posted, I might add. The reason that I was so sure that the ampersand was policy, was that I had a conversation with an ex mayor of the city and they insisted that the proper useage was with an ampersand.
 * the 'actual law' that you give a link to, are only the notes to the statutory instrument that notifies transitional provision of authority from the two separate towns - in effect it disbands their separate local authorities and forms a transitional one. that lasted 5 years.

 * the actual royal charter of 2000 that confers city status is worded thus:
 * "ELIZABETH the SECOND BY THE GRACE OF GOD OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND & OF OUR REALMS & TERRITORIES QUEEN HEAD OF THE COMMON WEALTH DEFENDER OF THE FAITH.
 * To all to whom these Presents shall come Greeting. Whereas We for divers good causes and considerations Us thereunto moving are graciously pleased to confer on the Towns of Brighton and Hove the status of a city Now Therefore Know Ye that We of Our especial grace and favour and mere motion do by these Presents ordain declare and direct that the TOWNS OF BRIGHTON AND HOVE shall henceforth have the status of a CITY and shall have all such rank liberties privileges and immunities as are incident to a City. In witness whereof We have caused Our Letters to be made Patent Witness Ourself at Westminster the thirty first day of January in the fourty ninth year of our reign.

 * By Warrant under The Queens Sign Manual Phillips."

 * Quite a mouthfull, and not exactly common usage, but it does not refer to the name of the new city at all, simply that the towns currently known of as Brighton and Hove shall have the status of city.

 * the link to the charter is here

 * however if you take a look at the cities website I'm sure you will agree that there is a concerted effort to use the ampersand.

 * Finaly there is the matter of correct usage - an ampersand is the correct form for a proper noun in the UK. As Brighton universities Publication and corporate identity guidelines point out:
 * Ampersand (the & symbol)
 * Don’t use except where correct form of proper noun
 * • Brighton & Hove
 * • Marks & Spencer.

 * so although the ampersand may not be the most web friendly of characters (Brighton & Hove council simply replace it with a hyphen for their URL rather than replace it with 'and') most search engines ignore both the & and the word 'and'. It is correct. I dont quite see why you consider it 'harmful'?
 * DavidP 01:02, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Ampsersands in URLs are bad. But that's not really a problem.  I think we ought to remove the claim that it "is the only city that has an ampersand in its name", since the ampersand is only used informally.  Morwen - Talk 14:53, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

 * And of course, I meant to link to . Whilst you may deride this as a 'transitional provision of authority from the two separate towns', it still forms the current legal basis for the council, and has not been entirely superseded - certainly not by the royal charter, which is an entirely ceremonial document.  Morwen - Talk 14:56, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

 * And I'm fine with keeping the article here, by the way. As long as someone updates the template Template:South_East_England or whatever its called.  Morwen - Talk 15:17, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm diving in a bit late in the day, but nevertheless... I also consider ampersands to be dangerous. I don't dislike them, and I think it's a pity that they're dangerous, but they have long been used a kind of "control character" in various computer systems, and I prefer web documents to err on the side of caution. If it were absolutely certain that the ampersand is the correct usage, that would modify my opinion, but that case hasn't been proved yet.

 * Also, I can't resist pointing out a flaw in the logic where the Brighton University document is referenced. I don't do this to be pedantic, but to prevent a flawed argument from being accepted by default, and adding weight to one side of the argument. Basically the document in no way suggests that the ampersand is proper usage for a proper noun; it merely states that they should not be used in any other way, which is a much "smaller" scope of statement. In any case, a University style guide is no guide to correct usage, it's merely a marketing guideline for a single organisation.

 * I'm sorry to stir this up, but my reading of this page suggests that we now have two people speaking in favour of the ampersand (David P and A bit iffy) and two against (Morwen and me). Would anybody else care to cast a vote? – Kieran T  ( talk  00:33, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

New evidence
I can't believe I hadn't noticed before, but the official sign at the north of the city where the A23 enters says "Welcome to the city of Brighton and Hove" - with the ampersand only appearing in the logo above.

Another new thing is that certain versions of Firefox, with certain common enough extensions (including "linkify") are currently buggy, and prevent editing of Wikipedia articles with ampersands in the title.

Since we have a broad split in opinions (and the debate has gone cold), and since these are two reasonably strong new points, I think it's time to swing the balance of evidence the other way and rename the article without the ampersand. – Kieran T  (' talk ') 13:57, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I would contest this - sorry Kieran! Is that A23 sign actually an official, formal statement by B&H council? Or, more likely, is it something knocked up by an inattentive person in the Highway Maintenance department? I would say that the B&H council's opinion of the city's name is what it itself uses on pretty well all its stationery and, above all, its website - these state "Brighton & Hove".

 * As for the Firefox problem with ampersands, which version of Firefox would that be? If it's an older version, I would guess that most Firefox users keep their versions pretty much up to date, so it's only a problem for a small proportion of articles for a small proportion of users of a browser which itself has a small proportion of Internet users. There are many, many articles with ampersands in their titles, and renaming them to fit in with a minority browser would be quite wrong - it's really a Mozilla issue, not a Wikipedia issue. There are even cases where they could not be renamed by replacing the ampersand with "and": In Sickness & In Health and Richard & Judy being just two examples.--A bit iffy 11:22, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I can see I'm never going to be happy about this one. ;-) How about, as a compromise, we come up with a form of words for the introduction, just after where the ampersand is first used, which makes it clear that this cannot be definitively established as the correct version (particularly with the legal documents mentioned far above in mind)? – Kieran T  (' talk ') 16:34, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, I think that's best. Maybe something like Brighton & Hove (or Brighton and Hove) is a unitary authority and... I'm not totally comfortable with that, though, as I don't like to see lead sentences become cluttered. So maybe there should be a separate section " ==Name== " devoted to it, and this would allow expansion on the topic. This could include such things as the wordings in the legal documents (even though those still don't say to me that the city's official name is "Brighton and Hove"!). Also, it could include, if someone can organise it, a photo of the A23 sign - that would be a nice touch to demonstrate the uncertainty. In addition, I have a feeling that the house style of the Argus is to use "and" instead of the ampersand, so that could be included. Of course, what should definitely be included is what the council calls the city via its stationery etc. What do you think?

 * Also, if you don't mind, I want to back to the earlier argument about Brighton University's style guidelines: that argument is valid, because the guidelines imply that the university believes the correct name of the city uses the ampersand, and hence overrides their normal style of not using ampersands. And looking at Marks & Spencer, the official name as registered with Companies House is "MARKS AND SPENCER P.L.C.", but they choose to be generally known as Marks & Spencer.--A bit iffy 12:16, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I agree about disliking unweildy intros. I'll put it in as you've written above for now, and we can try to refine it or move it into the article. On the company name argument, there is a subtlety to it: the company may "trade as" what it wishes, but it still has articles of memorandum (or a constitution, or charter, or what have you) that state its official name, which remains unchanged by what it puts on its stationery etc. Which gets us back to the infuriating complexity of the legal documents granting city status. – Kieran T  (' talk ') 14:41, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

The 'official' name of the City
The name of the city is 'Brighton and Hove' i.e. without the ampersand. This is the official name of the city. It appears in this way on the letters patent signed by the Queen in January 2001. There is also large road-sign on the A27 at the city boundary, welcoming people to 'Brighton and Hove'.

One may also wish to consult the Statutory Instrument 2001 No. 4055, The City of Brighton and Hove (Electoral Changes) Order 2001 ISBN 0 11 039106 3, where the city designation is shown as 'Brighton and Hove' fourteen times. Of particular note is section 1.(3) of the Order, which states:- 'In this Order - "city" means the city of Brighton and Hove'.(See )

Similarly, the constitution of the council, adopted on 25th April 2002, says:

"Article 1 of the constitution commits the Council to exercising all its powers and duties in accordance with the law and this constitution in pursuit of the Council’s vision which is: “The Council wants Brighton and Hove to be a cosmopolitan, successful city by the sea, where people have a high quality of life in a decent environment.”

So the Queen, in legal documentation, calls it Brighton and Hove, an Act of Parliament calls it Brighton and Hove, and the council, by its constitution, clearly accepts and refers to the city as 'Brighton and Hove'.

However, the ampersand is often used. Even so, the ampersand is only a symbol, an abbreviation used to represent the word 'and' (latin et). Therefore, in summary, the 'official' name of the town uses three full words, not two words and a symbol. But there is also no objection to the use of the abbreviated form. --Observer29 (talk) 14:17, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm very happy to read this clear explanation. The name of this article continues to strike me as unjustifiable. (Just because there's no official objection stated to using an abbreviation, doesn't mean we should use it. Countless articles on Wikipedia use the full name for entities which are often referred to with abbreviations. If the entity has an official name, that's the name to use.) In the light of how clearly Observer29 has outlined the case for "Brighton and Hove" being the correct name for the city, I once again propose renaming the article to match. – Kieran T  (' talk ') 14:34, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

Makes sense. It's the way it is on that sign by the roadside. The Council has a logo, the city has a name. Why should they be the same? Which is the article about, anyway? 90.203.123.212 (talk) 00:04, 20 April 2008 (UTC). Brighton and hove is a city right? I’ve been on Wikipedia and says Brighton town and another one for hove, no such thing anymore,saying Brighton and hove still two separate towns but make up the city Brighton and Hove. Doesn’t make sense? We are one city, yes theres Brighton yes there’s hove,2 different parts of the city,if you agree please help me change this

Stub?
I wonder why this article is still stubbed? There seems a fair amount here now, and some of what might be added could more properly be put in the separate articles on the towns themselves, surely? I've de-stubbed, although I expect to be taken to task with all the things that could be put in!!! But do we not have enough stubs as it is? Peter Shearan 10:54, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

Division into areas
Does this division into four areas makes sense? I am in particular concerned by the fact that Rottingdean is an area in itself, but that Saltdean is part of the Brighton area. Looking at a map, it might make sense to divide all the deans off, but hiving just Rottingdean off (persumably because it has a parish council) seems odd. Morwen - Talk 15:59, 6 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I wonder why Rottingdean is mentioned in the article, and Saltdean is not. I think this ought to be improved soon. --Hodsha (talk) 22:48, 28 February 2021 (UTC)

Jedi census statistics
Brighton & Hove ranks top in the Jedi census statistics, according to the 2001 census. Of course, this is more of a fun fact, but maybe someone cares to incorporate it into the article. Subversive element 16:43, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

I agree; one line about it coming top in any area of census data may well be worth a mention.mr_happyhour 16 Nov 2006
 * Done. I wonder why nobody has done it before, or whether it has always been commented out. Wikipeditor 09:32, 10 December 2006 (UTC)
 * It has been done before: diff Wikipeditor 09:36, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

Info
I hhave added a lot of info on this page to make it useful (so you dont have to look at the Brighton "and" hove articles)Blackwave...... (talk) 10:23, 20 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Hello Blackwave (actually User:Kentem). I've undone this entire change. Whilst one the one hand it's a fair point that the city includes the features of both towns, it's not a good idea to duplicate content on Wikipedia because it gets out of synch and is harder to keep correct. Therefore if the case were made to have all the info here, the other articles should become redirects. But that would never fly since the two towns have very distinct histories up until the (not uncontroversial) merger. – Kieran T  (' talk ') 12:05, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

Stoke on Trent
Stoke on Tent was formed in the same way and Stoke-on-Trent IS the main article.

2000 or 2001? When were 'city status' letters patent granted?
The main article says that "Brighton and Hove" was awarded city status 'by letters patent in 2000,' but the 'letters patent' in this case was actually signed by Queen Elizabeth II on January 31st 2001 !

This matter should be re-worded to remove the inaccuracy. --Observer29 (talk) 22:19, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Queen Elizabeth's 1st year of reigning was from 6th February 1952 to 5th Feb 1953. Her 41st year was from 6 Feb 1992 to 5 Feb 1993. Her 49th year was from 6 Feb 2000 to 5 Feb 2001. She signed her letters patent on ‘the thirty first day of January in the forty ninth year of our reign.’ This was on 31st January 2001, i.e. not in 2000. Have corrected the article accordingly. --Observer29 (talk) 00:59, 16 June 2014 (UTC)

City status 'Joint winner'?
In 2000 it was announced that four British towns would be elevated to city status by the Monarch, i.e. Inverness, Wolverhampton, Brighton and Hove. Inverness became a city, Wolverhampton became a city, and the unitary authority of the two towns/districts of Brighton anf Hove would become one city, namely 'Brigton and Hove City' (also known as the city of Brighton and Hove). So, in what sense was Brighton and Hove 'the joint winner' of the competition? --Observer29 (talk) 17:53, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

After careful thought, I have removed 'the joint winner', and modified the wording to include reference to other towns also awarded city status at this time.--Observer29 (talk) 14:00, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

Does not appear correctly in small window
I was browsing this page at about half of a screen vertically and realised that the top information box appears incorrectly and covers the text. Checked it didn't happen with other pages but it is a trait which I could only find in this one. I assume it is a bug but don't know how to fix it. Help would be much appreciated. 2/11/08 16:40 UK. User: Pingaware —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.110.159.201 (talk) 16:40, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

Image of Brighton & Hove
I wonder if anyone has a view on the image of the map that shows where Brighton & Hove is in relation to England? It just seems odd that the zoom takes in a large section of the south coast to the west of Hove and almost nothing to the north and east. Gavinayling (talk) 20:18, 18 September 2010 (UTC)

Refocus this article as a unitary authority
I've been scratching my head about this article. Is it about "Brighton and Hove" as a form of local goverment or "Brighton and Hove" as a city? This occurred to me when I discovered that there isn't an article called "Brighton & Hove City Council". By comparing this article to other sort-of similar unitary authorities (e.g. Redcar & Cleveland or Windsor and Maidenhead) it would appear that the Wikipedia convention is not to include the "unitary authority" in the title. Anyway, it looks like this article should primarily be about "Brighton and Hove" as a unitary authority. There is already loads of information on Brighton and Hove already. I'm going to tidy this article to remove some of the content which is essentially duplicated in Brighton and also (if I can) add more information about the actual council functions and activities. Seaweed (talk) 13:27, 5 February 2013 (UTC)

First ever Brighton Wiki Meetup
You are invited to the first Brighton Wiki Meetup which will take place at The West Quay, Brighton Marina Village, Brighton BN2 5UT on Sunday 28 April 2013 from 1.00 pm. If you have never been to one, this is an opportunity to meet other Wikipedians in an informal atmosphere for Wiki and non-Wiki related chat and for beer or food if you like. Experienced and new contributors are all welcome. This event is definitely not restricted just to discussion of Brighton topics. Bring your laptop if you like and use the free Wifi or just bring yourself. Even better, bring a friend! Click the link for full details. Looking forward to seeing you. Philafrenzy (talk) 21:06, 6 April 2013 (UTC)

Merge discussion
I think it's about time we really pulled together the Brighton and Hove articles into one big article here at Brighton and Hove. Having two separate articles is really redundant, as it is more than ever a unified city now. I think we should reflect this. StJaBe (talk) 19:06, 2 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Brighton and Hove are two separate towns, but a city when put together. They each have their own town centres. Brighton and Hove is a unitary authority which not only includes Brighton and Hove, but a number of other smaller villages. I think they should be kept separate. EverythingGeography (talk) 16:49, 2 July 2013 (UTC)

I agree that this article should be a proper article describing the city, history, transport, economy, etc, but not as a merge. To suggest a merge would imply removing the separate Brighton article, in particular, which should not happen for the reason stated just above. But yes the city as a whole should have most of the present-day information in it. We need more input on this question from other regulars on these pages. Sussexonian (talk) 20:45, 17 July 2013 (UTC)
 * We should try not to think only in the present. They're unified now, but have distinct histories. There's plenty of information that would probably make a single merged article too long (for WP guidelines) anyway. – Kieran T  (' talk ') 06:56, 18 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I think this is a tricky one - the current setup I feel is wrong as when looking through the Brighton article most of the information (sport, education, politics etc) is applicable to both Brighton and Hove and it seems rather futile going through the Brighton article and removing every reference to Hove in order to place it on a seperate "Hove" article, while equally futile duplicating the information onto both pages. Although I haven't found any precedent for this, my suggestion would be a sort of merge - move most of the information to "Brighton and Hove" and structure it like a standard city article (take similarly sized city Newcastle as an example perhaps), while leaving the seperate "Brighton" and "Hove" pages as minor articles detailing local history and geographical boundries of the areas. Thoughts? - TheLeftGlove Talk To Me  10:22, 2 August 2013 (UTC)

 * I have now removed the merge notice from the Hove article because there has been no progress in reaching a consensus for over two years.--A bit iffy (talk) 12:43, 8 December 2015 (UTC)

One City, Two Towns!
Brighton and Hove may form one city, but they are two towns with a totally distinct feel as far as visitors are concerned.

To my mind, they should keep there own unique identity on here. Amalgamating the pages would loose the opportunity for the individual nuances of the two places... You may as well argue that everywhere in England should be considered as one. But then why not include Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland and just have a single entry for Great Britain? Ludicrous, of course! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Borninthe40s (talk • contribs) 10:08, 17 September 2013 (UTC)

No, Brighton and Hove is a city containing a large number of places (not two!) each with its own feel. I have not proposed merging the articles but a large part of what is in the Brighton article is information about the city as a whole. As The Left Glove also says, detail which is specific to one of the areas should of course be on the page for that area. Sussexonian (talk) 17:31, 24 September 2013 (UTC)

Economy
The information in the economy section was poorly explained, had only one reference (which was a broken link), and was all at least 11 years out of date. I have removed this information, but hope to see a better conceived economy section emerge at some point to replace it. If this doesn't happen within the next few weeks, I hope to be able to contribute something myself. EdwardRussell (talk) 13:53, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

Summer
The box on the right seems to imply that British Summer Time is not used in Brighton. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.191.105.231 (talk) 10:22, 19 July 2015 (UTC)

✅ ~dom Kaos~ (talk) 10:33, 3 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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DVLA ban insignificant?
I question the significance of the 'City Council' subsection on 'DVLA ban'. 1) it seems to be a reasonably small fact on the landscape of a city's history and 2) the referenced article mentions that "38 organisations" have received such a ban, but names none, and Brighton and Hove is mentioned nowhere in the article. The section was inserted in a 2012 revision by a user who is now banned. Artemgy (talk) 17:47, 9 August 2017 (UTC)

One page
Hi everyone,I been thinking would it be best if we had one Wikipedia page of Brighton & Hove seeing as we are one city rather than have 3 separate ones and have all information on one singal one. Glman83 (talk) 09:24, 1 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Glman83, that does sound like a good idea, but what are the three other pages that you talk of? Paolo Oprandi (talk) 22:53, 15 October 2021 (UTC),

Political control
I have edited references to the political control of the council, which were out of date on this page (but not on the separate Brighton & Hove City Council page).

But I don't know how to fix the reference to the English district control template in the infobox. It is still showing as NOC (Labour administration). Presumably this data is out of date in the template (or wherever the template draws from) but I don't know where to find that. --BrightonParent (talk) 14:33, 3 September 2020 (UTC)

Images
[Murgatroyd49] what is wrong with a lot of images? The formatting still looks ok from what I can see and they provide context for the area's being discussed. What would you like to see? Thanks Paolo Oprandi (talk) 19:08, 8 November 2021 (UTC)

 * 1) Too much sandwiching, see MOS:SANDWICH
 * 2) Too many images of random grassland.
 * 3) Convention is to put images to the right unless there is a very good reason to put them left.
 * 4) What is the point of the second diagram under area?
 * 5) The map in the Area section is too big and should have the different regions shown on it to be useful. See for example, Southampton. If you don't know how to do it you can get advice from Help desk.

 * Hope that heps Murgatroyd49 (talk) 20:10, 8 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Thank you - It kind of helps although I have not been convinced. Taking each case at a time:

 * 1. possibly depending on your resolution, but if you are using a phone you see one image after the other. Are you saying that in some resolutions, the formatting makes a left and a right image a problem? On shrinking my browser, it would be a strange resolution as far as I can tell.
 * If you see MOS:SANDWICH, it explicitly states the problem as when there are two wide images. This is not the case here.
 * 2. I am sorry, but they are not random images of grassland. They are the important areas and part of our National Park that are being described.
 * 3. The reason they are to the left is because the depict the area being described. When they are to the right they do become quite random.
 * 4. Brighton and Hove is a downland and coastal city. Both what the coast to the south and the downland to the north is what make our city special. This image names the seafront areas to the south in relation to the downland peaks and valleys to the north. This is useful for people wanting to know the area better.
 * 5. I do prefer the map you have linked to but I am not sure how to recreate it. I would be very happy if you would like to do one. This use the Wikipedia Open Street Map. I have seen bigger maps like the Leicester map.
 * So in summary, thanks for your input on this. I would like more reasonable instruction, in light of my comments, about what changes would make you happy for us to remove the notice. Paolo Oprandi (talk) 20:36, 8 November 2021 (UTC)

 * I have centred the map displays. I hope that resolves your concerns. Paolo Oprandi (talk) 22:43, 8 November 2021 (UTC)
 * That just moves them from left to right, still ends up with the same problem of the text being squeezed down the side. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 09:52, 9 November 2021 (UTC)
 * That is not quite right; before we had a map on the left and an image on the right and so the text was squeezed. Now we only have a map on right (corrected). How many words are there in this squeezed column on your screen? I did centre the image and map so no text was squeezed at all and using the clear template, but this ended up with lots of white space. I feel like what we have now is the least bad option so far. I am of course concerned that I am missing something and am happy to rectify, so the page works for everyone Paolo Oprandi (talk) 11:17, 9 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I don't know what you are looking at but the wiki markup just shows default positioning, ie placed on the right of the screen. This is on a desktop window display set to the wiki defaut width. A tablet shows the same in portrait mode. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 11:26, 9 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Sorry - you're correct - the map is on the right but the points are still the same. I will take a look on a tablet when I get a chance.
 * I've changed size of maps to the same size as the Southampton to account for different screen sizes. I hope to become more familiar with map options in order to make the map even more useful in the future or if any one else would like to take this forward that would be great. Paolo Oprandi (talk) 13:15, 9 November 2021 (UTC)

Proposal for an account of the beaches
The city has a range of beaches and marine environments from Shoreham port and the wharves in Portslade, Hove Lagoon, the Western Esplanade, Kings Esplanade and Kings, Hove and Brunswick Lawns to the West and Palace Pier, to Madeira Drive, Black Rock and the Brighton Marina and then to the rock pooling beaches in front of the Brighton to Saltdean Undercliff Path. If someone fancies writing a short account of them (500 words or so) I think it will be a welcome addition to the page. If we can get an idea of the marine life the areas support that will also be of interest. Paolo Oprandi (talk) 22:27, 1 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Can't help thinking that is the sort of thing that shoud be in the relevant district articles. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 13:53, 9 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I agree that it should be as well and in more detail, but in the overview of the City an account of the coastline offers a different significance and gives context (and comparison) to the areas. To the west of Portslade is an industrial lagoon port linked to Shoreham. In Rottingdean it is rockpools. In between there are pebbles and a marina. All have different qualities, are linked in different ways and provide the City with different opportunities and challenges. Paolo Oprandi (talk) 14:37, 9 November 2021 (UTC)

Unitary authority
Brighton and Hove was two neighbouring Towns that joined together to became a unitary authority. In 2000 gained City status so Brighton and Hove became one City. I feel unitary authority should be removed. 2A02:C7F:A017:B100:6CA0:539B:7A5:C433 (talk) 15:38, 5 February 2022 (UTC)
 * It is still a unitary authority. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 17:37, 5 February 2022 (UTC)

1 page
Does anyone else think it would be a good idea to just have this one page for Brighton and Hove ? Anything that’s not on here can be added, rather than 3 separate ones 2A02:C7F:A017:B100:F02E:8F2A:F247:43C (talk) 16:24, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * No, this would not be appropriate because both places have long independent histories prior to the merger in 1997. Compare, as a similar example, Minneapolis–Saint Paul and the separate articles for Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota.  Hassocks 5489 (Floreat Hova!)  17:12, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

Notification of discussion: how and when to record award of city status
A discussion has begun on developing a writing guideline for how and when to record award of city status. You may wish to contribute at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject UK geography/How to write about settlements Contributions from editors who were involved in updating the award to B&H are particularly welcome. 𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 11:54, 19 July 2023 (UTC)

Areas
Do we need two maps in this section, more or less showing the same thing? The second diagram is very pretty but it adds nothing to the article. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 10:44, 31 December 2023 (UTC)

 * @Murgatroyd49 The surrounding hills which make up this are of the SDNP are not well known, either in terms of their names, history or their ability to support biodiversity. Losing such public knowledge reduces the extent to which the SDNP can be enjoyed and valued by the people of Brighton. The map is intended to do a little to remedy this situation. We are the only city nestled in the South Downs and therefore special in that way. The map gives a visual representation of the surrounding hills and compares them longitudinally with the areas of Brighton, costal areas and other landmarks. Riparia Riparia (talk) 15:39, 2 January 2024 (UTC)
 * The top map does but what does the bottom diagram add? Murgatroyd49 (talk) 15:41, 2 January 2024 (UTC)
 * When walking the South Downs I often refer to the map to know which hill I am on. I find it more accessible than the other map which also has value. In any case, as I added the map, needless to say I like it and find it useful Riparia Riparia (talk) 15:48, 2 January 2024 (UTC)
 * That I understand but my question is still, why have both? Murgatroyd49 (talk) 15:52, 2 January 2024 (UTC)
 * For me, they are both useful and removing one will not improve the page so why do it? Riparia Riparia (talk) 15:55, 2 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Why duplicate the information? I doubt many people would seriously use them in the field. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 16:02, 2 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I know it is useful for me (seriously!), but I am not arguing it should be kept there solely for my sake - I hope it is useful for other people too (literally in the field). The image doesn't take away from the usability of the page - the page is already long - and, as you say above, it is "pretty" and Wikipedia can't be too visual attractive. Afterall, our pages can suffer from being wordy. Riparia Riparia (talk) 16:28, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

Brighton Permaculture Trust
I thought we could add an external link to the Brighton Permaculture Trust website as they improving the quality of the Brighton environment. Can I have further thoughts on the matter? Riparia Riparia (talk) 15:51, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Brighton and Hove


text:
Lingual

Lingual may refer to:
 * Tongue, a muscular hydrostat on the floors of the mouths of most vertebrates which manipulates food for mastication
 * Lingual, in palaeontology, the side of the teeth that faces the tongue
 * Lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery
 * Lingual veins begin on the dorsum, sides, and under surface of the tongue, and, passing backward along the course of the lingual artery, end in the internal jugular vein
 * Lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe lies between the calcarine sulcus and the posterior part of the collateral sulcus
 * Lingual bone
 * Lingual nerve, a branch of the mandibular nerve
 * HTLINGUAL

title: Lingual


text:
Dorbod Banner

Dorbod Banner or Siziwang Banner is a banner (county equivalent) in Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, China, bordering Mongolia's Dornogovi Province to the northwest. It is located about 80 km north of Hohhot, the capital of Inner Mongolia.

The banner spans 25513 km2, and has a population of 129,372 as of 2020. Its seat of government is located in Wulanhua.

Toponymy
The Chinese name for the banner siziwang, literally "four princes", derives from the area's historic rule by four brothers. The Mongolian name for the banner dorbed means "of four".

History
The area of Dorbod Banner was ruled by four Mongol brothers, Sengge (Сэнгэ, ), Suonuobu, Bonpo (Бумба, ) and Yi'erzhamu , who were descendants of Hasar, a brother of Genghis Khan. They led their tribe in participating in the Manchu Qing Dynasty's conquest of Ming China in the early 17th century. In recognition of their service, the Qing court made Emubu the Duoluo Commandery Prince in 1649 and settled their tribe in the area of modern Siziwang Banner. The title was hereditary and passed through fourteen of his descendants before the Chinese Communist Party abolished all hereditary titles in Inner Mongolia in 1949. The last prince, Sudanamuchaogeji, died as a private citizen in 1957. There is a sculpture of the four original princes in Wulanhua, erected in 2003.

Geography
To its east lies Sonid Right Banner, Qahar Right Rear Banner, and Qahar Right Middle Banner. To its south lies Wuchuan County and Zhuozi County. To its west lies Darhan Muminggan United Banner. Its north is formed by a 104 km border with Mongolia.

Its seat of government, the town of Wulanhua, is located 105 km away from Hohhot, and 270 km away from Erlianhot.

The banner is located along the northern foothills of the Yin Mountains, and has an average elevation of 1400 m. Most of the banner's area is grassland.

Climate
The banner experiences an average of 250 mm to 300 mm of precipitation annually. Its average annual temperature is 3 °C.

Administrative divisions
Dorbod Banner is divided into 5 towns, 3 townships, and 5 sums.

Other: Ulan Pasture (乌兰牧场)

Demographics
As of 2009, the banner is home to 216,990 people, up from the 180,568 reported in the 2000 Census.

The banner's ethnic minorities include 18,902 Mongols (8.71% of the total population), 1,086 Manchus (0.50%), and 837 Hui people (0.39%).

Economy
Mineral deposits in the banner include gold, copper, nickel, manganese, fluorite, gypsum, coal, and thenardite.

Spacecraft landing site
The banner served as the landing sites for China's Shenzhou program.

A pasture known as Amugulang, located in Honggor Sum, about 60 km north of Wulanhua, served as the landing site for the Shenzhou-6 spacecraft. A specially constructed 64.69 km road runs from Wulanhua to Honggor to aid the recovery of the Shenzhou spacecraft, and to boost the local economy. This road shortened the journey between the two towns from two hours to just 40 minutes.

Chinese space program recovery teams (with SUV and recovery trucks) track the progress of re-entry near the landing site and arrive shortly after landing.

A small recovery trucks fitted with a crane lifts the capsule and places it on the rear of the truck for transportation back to the space centre.

Since the final landing of Shenzhou 11 in Dorbod Banner in 2016, new facilities have been built to hasten the retrieval process for various spacecraft.

In December 2020, the Chang'e 5 spacecraft landed in Dorbod Banner following a successful collection of Moon rocks.

title: Dorbod Banner