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18 Aurigae

18 Aurigae is a star located 233 light years away from the Sun in the northern constellation of Auriga. The brightness of this object is near the limit of visibility to the naked eye under good viewing conditions, appearing as a dim, white-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.49. The star is moving away from the Sun with a heliocentric radial velocity of 7 km/s.

This is an ordinary A-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of A7 V, which indicates it is generating energy by hydrogen fusion at its core. The object is 950 million years old with a high rate of spin, showing a projected rotational velocity of 124 km/s. It has 1.7 times the mass of the Sun and 1.9 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 10 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 7,432 K.

18 Aurigae has a magnitude 12.50 companion star at an angular separation of $0.256$ along a position angle of 167°, as of 2006.

title: 18 Aurigae


text: User talk:68.80.82.117

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:68.80.82.117


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12 Aurigae

12 Aurigae is a Be star in the northern constellation Auriga. It lies below the normal limit for visibility to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 6.988. It lacks a designation from the Hipparcos catalogue. It is located just under half a degree north of Capella.

Assigned spectral classes for 12 Aurigae vary greatly from B2 to B5 and the luminosity class from V (main sequence) to Ia (luminous supergiant). Its spectrum shows prominent emission lines, but the spectrum is complicated by the appearance of sharp shell components to some of the spectral lines. The colour of the star as shown by the B-V and U-B colour indices is not consistent with an early B spectral class, leading to many estimates of its effective temperature that are much lower than expected for a B-class star. The expected temperature for a B5 spectral type would be $100$, but most sources assign a temperature of around $15,400 K$. Other properties also vary between different sources, for example the bolometric luminosity derived from the distance and temperature is, while it is when derived by fitting the spectral energy distribution. A calculation of the stellar properties assuming the maximum possible interstellar extinction in the direction of 12 Aurigae results in a temperature of $8,000 K$ and a luminosity of, although it is strongly noted that the likely extinction is much lower.

title: 12 Aurigae


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Grana Padano

Grana Padano is a cheese originating in the Po Valley, in northern Italy, similar to Parmesan. There are less strict regulations governing its production compared to Parmesan. This hard, crumbly-textured cheese is made with unpasteurized cows' milk that is semi-skimmed through a natural creaming process. To preserve the authenticity of the manufacturing processes and raw materials used to make this cheese, Grana Padano is registered as Geographical Indication in Italy since 1954 and as a European Union protected designation of origin (PDO) since 1996,  and is protected in several other countries based on the Lisbon Agreement and bilateral agreements.

Origin of the name
The name comes from the Italian word grana, a reference to the characteristically grainy texture, and the demonym padano, meaning 'from Val Padana' (the Po Valley).

History
Grana Padano was developed by monks of Chiaravalle Abbey in the 12th century. It can last a long time without spoiling, and is sometimes aged for up to two years. It is made in a similar way to the Parmesan of Emilia-Romagna, but over a much wider area and with different regulations and controls.

Production process
Like Parmesan, Grana Padano is a semi-fat hard cheese which is cooked and ripened slowly for at least nine months. If it passes quality tests, it is fire-branded with the Grana Padano trademark. The cows are milked twice a day. Milk produced in the evening is skimmed to remove the surface layer of cream and mixed with fresh milk produced in the morning. The partly skimmed milk is transferred into copper kettles and coagulated; the resulting curd is cut to produce granules with the size of rice grains, which gives the cheese its characteristic texture, and then warmed to 53 - 56 C. It is produced year-round, and varies seasonally as well as by year. Though similar to Parmesan cheese, the younger Grana Padano cheeses are less crumbly, milder and less complex in flavor than the better-known, longer-aged Parmesan.

About 150 factories make Grana Padano in the Po Valley area, and an estimated 76,724 tons of this cheese are manufactured annually.

Specifications
A wheel of Grana Padano is cylindrical, with slightly convex or almost straight sides and flat faces. It is 35 to 45 cm in diameter, and 15 to 18 cm high. It weighs 24 to 40 kg (53 to 88 lbs) per wheel. The rind, which is thin, is pale yellow.

Grana Padano is sold in three different ripening stages: Grana padano cheese typically contains cheese crystals, semi-solid to gritty crystalline spots that at least partially consist of the amino acid tyrosine.
 * "Grana Padano" (9 to 16 months): texture still creamy, only slightly grainy
 * "Grana Padano oltre 16 mesi" (over 16 months): crumblier texture, more pronounced taste
 * "Grana Padano Riserva" (over 20 months): grainy, crumbly and full flavoured

Nutritional value and calories
1.5 litres of fresh, naturally partially-skimmed cows' milk from the production area, are needed to make 100 g of Grana Padano PDO cheese. The Grana Padano processing and ageing procedures determine an important bioavailability of vitamins and minerals, the supply of proteins with nine essential amino acids and make it a highly digestible product. In addition, Grana Padano is lactose-free due to the characteristics of its production and ageing process, which also leads to a reduction of lipids. It contains a galactose content of less than 10 mg per 100 g.

The Grana Padano PDO Production Specifications regulate the entire production chain, from the cows' fodder to the branding of the wheels, therefore the average nutritional value and calories of Grana Padano PDO cheese remain stable and any variation in them is irrelevant for the purpose of defining a balanced diet.

100 grams of Grana Padano PDO cheese contain 398 kilocalories (1,666 kJ).

Nutritional table for a medium portion of 100 grams of Grana Padano

title: Grana Padano


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Netherlands men's national basketball team

The Netherlands men's national basketball team (Het Nederlands nationaal basketbalteam) represents the Netherlands in international basketball matches. The national team is governed by Basketball Nederland.

The Dutch have reached the European Basketball Championship on 16 occasions. Their best results at the event came in 1983, where they finished in fourth place. They have also qualified for the FIBA World Cup once, in 1986. However, in recent years the national team has struggled to maintain consistency to reach major international tournaments.

The team represents itself as the Orange Lions.

1946–1991: Early years
The Netherlands were one of the teams that played in the 1946, 1947, 1949 and 1951 EuroBasket tournaments. During this period, the 5th place finish in 1949 was the best performance by the national team.

1961–1991: EuroBasket success & World Cup debut
The Oranje qualified for three European Basketball Championships in the 1960s (1961, 1963, 1967). After three consecutive missed tournaments, the Netherlands had another three EuroBasket appearance stretch from 1975, 1977, and 1979. During the 1977 EuroBasket, the Netherlands' star player Kees Akerboom shined during the tournament. He finished the competition as the top scorer, and earned a spot on the All-Tournament Team.

At EuroBasket 1983, the Dutch had its biggest success in history under head coach Vladimir Heger. The national team achieved fourth place at the tournament. The Dutch wound up reaching the semi-finals, but eventually fell to Italy. In the third-place game they would lose again, this time to the Soviet Union.

Three years after achieving success at the continental level, the Netherlands qualified to the World Cup for the first time in 1986. The national team ultimately did not make it out of the group stage though, finishing the tournament with an (2–3) record to place 14th overall.

1991–2012: Long mediocre period
From 1991 until 2012, the Netherlands did not qualify for a EuroBasket tournament. Star player Francisco Elson, former NBA-champion, represented the team on several occasions but the team never came close to qualifying. During this period, notable Dutch players like Dan Gadzuric were not willing to play for the national team. Home games were usually played at the Topsportcentrum in Almere and usually had little to no media attention or fan support in the Netherlands.

Rising from the ashes (2012–2015)
In December 2012, it was announced that the Netherlands national team would be dissolved for 2 years, because the national federation NBB {Netherlands Basketball Bond} was not willing to invest money in to it. After a campaign by Dutch players who played in the Dutch Basketball League, the national team was eventually saved. Sports broadcaster Sport1 became the main sponsor and DBL-teams invested in the team, which started playing again.

During August 2013, the Netherlands was on its way to qualification for EuroBasket 2015, but lost two games 20–0 because the team played with two players – Mohamed Kherrazi and Sean Cunningham – who were identified as foreign players by FIBA. The NBB believed that both were eligible players, and was upset that the attention came up after the Netherlands already won 2 games.

"Miracle of 2014"
At the start of the second 2015-qualification round, things looked bad for the Oranje. The DBL-teams didn't have any more money to invest in the team and the NBB wasn't ready to take the team back. Head coach Toon van Helfteren, who worked as a volunteer, still did prepare for the qualifying games. He invited 42 players to play for the national team, but after most (notable) players rejected the offer, he started his first training camp with 7 players. The team eventually shocked the world, by beating heavy favorite Montenegro to get the second place in their group. On 27 August 2014, the Dutch national team qualified for EuroBasket for the first time in 25 years.

Return to EuroBasket (2015–present)
The national team left the NBB and FEB, from 2015 the team was run by the NMT. Coach Van Helfteren then had his contract with the national team extended. In contrast to the summer of 2014, big name players from foreign leagues applied to play for the national team.

In the first game at EuroBasket 2015, the Dutch beat Georgia 73–72 behind Charlon Kloof's 22 and Worthy de Jong's 16 points. The Netherlands remaining four games though were all loses, but only by single digits to power houses such as Croatia and Greece.

On 22 July 2019, Italian coach Maurizio Buscaglia signed on to become head coach of the Netherlands, replacing Toon van Helfteren who stepped down. After a disappointing EuroBasket 2022, in which the Netherlands went winless, Buscaglia was sacked. On 6 October 2022, Radenko Varagić was appointed as interim head coach for the remaining World Cup qualifying campaign.

On 23 May 2023, the Netherlands named Israeli coach Arik Shivek, as head coach of the national team. He previously led at national team level for five years with Israel from 2009 to 2014.

Current roster
Roster for the EuroBasket 2025 Qualifiers matches on 23 and 26 February 2024 against Great Britain and Greece.

Past rosters
1946 EuroBasket: finished 6th among 10 teams

3 Chris van Laar, 4 Joop Koper, 5 Henk Mik, 6 Wim van Someren, 7 Freek Brandt, 8 Jan Aldenberg, 9 Henk Koper, 13 Chris Kugelein, 14 Wim Kunnen, 15 Ben Gerritsma (Coach: Dick Schmüll)

1947 EuroBasket: finished 11th among 14 teams

3 Joop Koper, 4 Chris van Laar, 5 Freek Brandt, 6 Jaap van Veen, 7 Wim van Someren, 8 B Winkel, 9 Tan Eng Hau, 10 Henk Koper, 20 Visser (Coach: Dick Schmüll)

1949 EuroBasket: finished 5th among 7 teams

3 Jaap van Veen, 4 Jaap van Veen, 5 Tom Losekoot, 6 Tan Eng Hau, 7 Henk Koper, 8 Joop Koper, 9 Wim van Someren, 10 Henk van de Broek, 11 Jan Hille, 20 Freek Brandt (Coach: Dick Schmüll)

1951 EuroBasket: finished 10th among 17 teams

3 Tim de Jong, 4 Johan de Hoop, 5 Bob van der Valk, 6 Ab Gootjes, 7 Jaap van Veen, 8 Henk van de Broek, 9 Vok Alberda, 10 Kees van der Schuijt, 11 Jan Hille, 12 Piet Ouderland, 13 Ton Koemans, 14 Rinus van Eijkeren (Coach: Dick Schmüll)

1961 EuroBasket: finished 15th among 19 teams

4 Henny Braun, 5 Antonie Boot, 6 Jan Bruin, 7 Jan Driehuis, 8 Dolf Pouw, 9 Wim Franke, 10 Maarten Sleeswijk, 11 Gerrit Kok, 12 Peter de Jong, 13 Gunter van de Berg, 14 Franciscus de Haan, 15 Hans Perrier (Coach: Jan Janbroers)

1963 EuroBasket: finished 16th among 16 teams

4 Jos Pelk, 5 Antonie Boot, 6 Jan Bruin, 7 Jan Driehuis, 8 Simon Schagen, 9 Bob Grosmann, 10 Wim Franke, 11 Gerrit Kok, 12 Roelof Tuinstra, 13 Jan Schappert, 14 Franciscus de Haan, 15 Frederik Witte (Coach: Jan Janbroers)

1967 EuroBasket: finished 16th among 16 teams

4 Petrus Rijsewik, 5 Antonie Boot, 6 Jan Bruin, 7 Frank Kales, 8 Antonius van der Kroon, 9 Karel Pastor, 10 Karel Vrolijk, 11 Erik Jager, 12 Roelof Tuinstra, 13 Erik van Woerkom, 14 Franciscus de Haan, 15 Frederik Witte (Coach: Egon Steuer)

1975 EuroBasket: finished 10th among 12 teams

4 Jan Dekker, 5 Antonie Boot, 6 Jan Sikking, 7 Hugo Harrewijn, 8 Herman Pluim, 9 Walter Ombre, 10 John van Vliet, 11 Kees Akerboom, 12 Dan Cramer, 13 Toon van Helfteren, 14 Pieter van Tuyll, 15 Harry Kip (Coach: Bill Sheridan)

1977 EuroBasket: finished 7th among 12 teams

4 Al Faber, 5 Jan Dekker, 6 Jimmy Woudstra, 7 Cees Limmen, 8 Emill Hagens, 9 Bert Kragtwijk, 10 Cock van de Lagemaat, 11 Dan Cramer, 12 Kees Akerboom, 13 Jan Loorbach, 14 Renso Zwiers, 15 Harry Kip (Coach: Jan Janbroers)

1979 EuroBasket: finished 10th among 12 teams

4 Bert Kragtwijk, 5 Jan Dekker, 6 Dan Cramer, 7 Mitchell Plaat, 8 Emill Hagens, 9 Al Faber, 10 Sid Bruinsma, 11 Jimmy Woudstra, 12 Kees Akerboom, 13 Toon van Helfteren, 14 Pieter van Tuyll, 15 Harry Kip (Coach: Tom Quinn)

1983 EuroBasket: finished 4th among 12 teams

4 René Ridderhof, 5 Ronald Schilp, 6 Randy Wiel, 7 Mitchell Plaat, 8 Jelle Esveldt, 9 Al Faber, 10 Jos Kuipers, 11 Dan Cramer, 12 Cock van de Lagemaat, 13 Henk Pieterse, 14 Roland van den Bergh, 15 Rob van Essen (Coach: Vladimír Heger)

1985 EuroBasket: finished 12th among 12 teams

4 Martin Esajas, 5 Ronald Schilp, 6 Martin de Vries, 7 Marco de Waard, 8 Jelle Esveldt, 9 Ron van der Schaaf, 10 John Franken, 11 Cock van de Lagemaat, 12 Jos Kuipers, 13 Peter van Noord, 14 Hans Heijdeman, 15 Rob van Essen (Coach: Vladimír Heger)

1986 FIBA World Cup: finished 14th among 24 teams

4 Rik Smits, 5 Jelle Esveldt, 6 Ronald Schilp, 7 Cock van de Lagemaat, 8 Raymond Bottse, 9 Rene Ebeltjes, 10 Chris van Dinten, 11 Hans Heijdeman, 12 Erik Griekspoor, 13 Emill Hagens, 14 Marco de Waard, 15 Peter van Noord (Coach: Ruud Harrewijn)

1987 EuroBasket: finished 10th among 12 teams

4 John Emanuels, 5 Ronald Schilp, 6 Marco de Waard, 7 Cees van Rootselaar, 8 Jelle Esveldt, 9 Okke te Velde, 10 Rik Smits, 11 Chris van Dinten, 12 Peter van Noord, 13 Toon van Helfteren, 14 Henk Pieterse, 15 Jos Kuipers (Coach: Ruud Harrewijn)

1989 EuroBasket: finished 8th among 8 teams

4 Raymond Bottse, 5 John Emanuels, 6 Marco de Waard, 7 Cees van Rootselaar, 8 Rolf Franke, 9 Okke te Velde, 10 Richard van Poelgeest, 11 Frans Houben, 12 Milko Lieverst, 13 Paul Vrind, 14 Peter Dam, 15 Jos Kuipers (Coach: Ruud Harrewijn)

2015 EuroBasket: finished 21st among 24 teams

0 Yannick Franke, 5 Leon Williams, 6 Worthy de Jong, 7 Charlon Kloof, 9 Mohamed Kherrazi, 10 Ralf de Pagter, 12 Kees Akerboom, Jr., 13 Roeland Schaftenaar, 18 Nicolas de Jong, 21 Robin Smeulders, 23 Henk Norel, 44 Arvin Slagter (C) (Coach: Toon van Helfteren)

2022 EuroBasket: finished 22nd among 24 teams

0 Yannick Franke, 1 Keye van der Vuurst de Vries, 5 Leon Williams, 6 Worthy de Jong (C), 9 Mohamed Kherrazi, 11 Shane Hammink, 13 Roeland Schaftenaar, 14 Jesse Edwards, 30 Olaf Schaftenaar, 32 Matt Haarms, 33 Jito Kok, 90 Charlon Kloof (Coach: Maurizio Buscaglia)


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User:Nobs01/Floyd Miller

 * There are three other cryptonym identifications that flow logically from these seventeen for a total of twenty. The Gorsky memo’s identification of CORA as Emma Phillips not only provides identification of an unidentified cover name in Venona, “CORA,” it also provides identification of two other unidentified cryptonyms, AMPERE and ROY.  The Venona cables about AMPERE and ROY identify him as CORA’S husband.  The identification of HURON as Byron Darling also supplies an identification for the unidentified Venona cryptonym ERNEST in as much as in October 1944, the HURON cryptonym was changed to EARNEST, only to be changed back to HURON in February 1945 for reasons that are not clear.

AMPERE =  Phillips, husband of Emma Phillips

ERNEST =  Darling, Byron

ROY =  Phillips, husband of Emma Phillips

[90]Cora was a cover name in Venona whose identity was established but which NSA redacted when it released the messages, possibly indicating the Cora cooperated with the FBI. The Venona messages indicated that Cora was married to another Soviet source, cover names Roy and Ampere, who was also identified but whose identify was also redacted. Cora is here identified as Emma Phillips but nothing is known of her.

88. The FBI dated FAECTs American origins to an August 1933 rally held in the auditorium of New York Citys Washington Irving High School; the unions first national convention was held in Chicago a year later. FAECTs U.S. leader was a Rumanian-born engineer, Marcel Scherer, whom the Bureau believed to be a Soviet agent. In 1941, Scherer went to California to expand the union. Paul Pinsky, FAECTs West Coast representative, left the union shortly thereafter in a dispute with Scherer, who was himself kicked out in 1943 for factionalism and disruption. Pinsky claimed that Scherer was more interested in promoting Communist ideology than in the welfare of workers. While he was in the west, Scherer more than doubled the membership of FAECT, which by 1943 included a Local at the Rad Lab. Until the German invasion of Russia, FAECT had organized strikes and work slowdowns at major U.S. defense industries and military bases. FAECT file, #61-7231, and Marcel Scherer file, #100-34665, FBI; Pinsky interview (1997).

89. Pinsky had gone to school at Berkeley and once took a class from Lawrence. He joined the Communist Party in the mid-1930s and became a radical unionist after being fired from his 30-cent-an-hour job as a poultry inspector at Swift Company. Pinsky claimed that Oppie joined the union in either 1939 or 1940. George Engebretson, A Man of Vision: The Story of Paul Pinsky (HICL, 1997), 15; Pinsky interview. In the 1980s, David Jenkins, a Bay area labor leaders and Communist, remembered that Oppenheimer had been helpful to [FAECT] in organizing the Shell scientists and technical workers, and, of course, knew Pinsky. Transcript of David Jenkins interview, Bancroft Library.

18. New York to Moscow, Aug. 12, 1943, Venona decrypts. As of this writing, the National Security Agency refuses to release the name of the progressive professor, although Ernest Lawrence has been suggested as a candidate. If so, Molieres understanding of Lawrences politics was no better than his sense of California geography. By fall 1943, messages concerning atomic espionage in the Bay area were no longer sent to Moscow via New York but directly from the consulate in San Francisco. In another reorganization, in November, 1943, GRUs spies in the U.S. were transferred to Fitin and subsequently run by the NKVD. The day before Molieres message, Fitin had reportedly complained about duplication of effort by the GRU and the NKVD. The NKVD evidently learned of COMRAP bugs and wiretaps from Judith Coplon. Weinstein and Vassiliev, 157, 182. The author wishes to thank Peter Gorin for a copy of his unpublished paper, Intelligence Services of the USSR and Russia: Selected Historical Aspects.”

19. Late in 1941, Pinsky left FAECT to become research director for the CIO in California. Part of his reason concerned ideological differences with the unions leadership, which Pinsky thought more committed to taking ideological stands than improving the lot of the workers it represented. Pinsky interview (1997).

http://www.childrenofthemanhattanproject.org/JRO/02.htm

In August 1943 the New York KGB cabled to Moscow that it would approach a scientist, described as a “progressive professor” and one of the directors of a major radiation laboratory. The KGB said that the approach could be made through Paul Pinsky, a CPUSA member and organizer for FAECT in northern California. None of the subsequent deciphered Venona traffic, however, discusses the matter further.95 Use of FAECT as a channel for Soviet espionage did not go unnoticed by American security officials. They made their concerns known to the White House, which got in touch with Philip Murray, national president of the CIO. He forced FAECT to cease organizing at the Radiation Laboratory for the duration of the war. Paul Pinsky attempted to delay the action, but he was overruled. The FBI later observed the GRU officer Ivanov visiting Pinsky's home in October 1943.96

95. Venom 1328 KGB New York to Moscow, 21 August 1943. The Venom message gives the professor's name in clear text, but the NSA chose to black it out in its release. Internal and other evidence suggests that the name was that of Ernest Lawrence, in which case the New York KGB most likely soon learned that Lawrence was not recruitable. This cable erroneously located the radiation laboratory at Sacramento rather than at Berkeley.

96. San Francisco FBI report, 22 April 1947, serial 5421 and “Comintern Apparatus Summary Report,” 15 December 1944, serial 3702, both in FBI Comintern Apparatus file. Pinsky also had a brother-in-law who was a physicist and who worked at Los Alamos on the bomb project. In 1944 Pinsky may have traveled to New Mexico to contact him. Pinsky himself later became research director for the California CIO while it was headed by Harry Bridges, a concealed Communist.

Pinsky, Paul: California Communist trade union official whom the KGB planned to use to approach a scientist working on the Manhattan Project.245

245. Venona 1328 KGB New York to Moscow, 12 August 1943.

Venona Appendix A Soviet spies

The cable passed on Schuster's description of those he had met: “Olsen is district leader of the Fraternal [Communist party] in Chicago. Olsen's wife, who has been meeting Ramsey [Hiskey], is also an active Fellowcountryman [Communist] and met Ramsey on the instructions of the organization. At our suggestion Echo [Schuster] can get a letter from Olsen with which one or other of our people will meet Ramsey and thereafter will be able to strike up an acquaintance.”83 Analysts at the NSA and the FBI did not identify Olsen, but it may have been the cover name or the party name of Morris Childs, at that time the head of the Communist party in Illinois. The message stated that Olsen's wife had been cultivating Hiskey, and the KGB wanted to use the relationship to put one of its agents in contact with him.

In July the New York KGB reported a follow-up to this May message.84 It told Moscow that Schuster had passed along copies of two letters that had been sent to Hiskey by Victor (an unidentified cover name) and Rose Olsen. Rose, however, is probably not Morris Childs's wife but his sister-in-law, Roselyn. Roselyn's husband, Jack Childs, was a full-time CPUSA functionary whose work for the party was obscure and probably connected with its underground. The section of the cable describing the content of the letters was not deciphered. There was a garbled indication, however, that one of the KGB's veteran liaison agents, Joseph Katz, had been assigned to the Hiskey case. On September 18, 1944, the New York KGB office sent a cable responding to several inquiries from Moscow, one of which was about the status of the approach to Hiskey. The New York KGB deferred its report, on the grounds that its intermediaries in the matter, Bernard Schuster and Joseph Katz, were out of New York at the time and that Rose Olsen, at that point designated by the cover name Phlox, and her husband had traveled to “Ramsey's area.”85

Finally, the New York KGB told Moscow in December 1944 that “Dick [Joseph Katz] is directly in touch with Phlox's husband and not with Phlox [Rose Olsen] herself. The intention of sending the husband to see Ramsey [Hiskey] is explained by the possibility of avoiding a superfluous stage for transmitting instructions.”86 Here the New York KGB is conveying its decision to Moscow that Jack Childs would make the approach to Hiskey. So far as is known, the approach, if carried out, was unsuccessful.87

The KGB's use of the CPUSA in its search for information on the

83. Venom 619 KGB New York to Moscow, 4 May 1944.

84. Venona 1020 KGB New York to Moscow, 20 July 1944.

85. Venona 1332 KGB New York to Moscow, 18 September 1944.

86. Venona 1715 KGB New York to Moscow, 5 December 1944.

Olsen: provided a letter of introduction for a KGB agent seeking in 1944 to contact a scientist working on the Manhattan Project. The scientist had been cultivated by members of the CPUSA, and Olsen was described as head of the Illinois Communist party. May be Morris Childs, head of the CPUSA in Illinois in 1944. Olsen may be a party name rather than a cover name.227

Olsen, Rose: See Phlox.

227. Venona 619 KGB New York to Moscow, 4 May 1944.

Phlox: CPUSA contact in Chicago of the New York KGB used in an attempt to approach a senior Manhattan Project scientist targeted for recruitment. Also referred to in the Venona cables as Rose Olsen, likely a CPUSA party name. May be the wife of Jack Childs or Morris Childs.242

242. Venona 619 KGB New York to Moscow, 4 May 1944; 1020 KGB New York to Moscow, 20 July 1944; 1332 KGB New York to Moscow, 18 September 1944; 1715 KGB New York to Moscow, 5 December 1944; 295 KGB Moscow to New York, 30 March 1945.

Berlin
Upon the family's reception in Germany, Martha wrote, "I felt the press had badly maligned the country" in the United States. CBS correspondent in Berlin William L. Shirer in reported her as being "Pretty", and "vivacious". Along with Mildred Harnack, she wrote a book column for Berlin Topics, a newspaper for English-speaking expatriates. In comparing Germans to the French, Martha considered Germans more "honest and sincere". Of the Germans Martha said, "They weren’t thieves, they weren’t selfish, they weren’t impatient or cold and hard; qualities I began to find stood out in my mind as characteristic of the French."

On an excursion to Nuremeberg Marth witnessed a young woman was forcefully drawn from a stopped streetcar. With her head shaven and her face "tragic and tortured," she wore a hanging from her neck which read "I Have Offered Myself to a Jew."

Ernst "Putzi" Hanfstaengl, press secretary of German Chancellor and Nazi party leader Adolf Hitler, told her, "Hitler needs a woman. Hitler should have an American woman—a lovely woman could change the whole destiny of Europe. Martha, you are the woman!" Later Martha wrote of the "glowing and inspiring faith in Hitler", and "the good that was being done for the unemployed."

She was very much attracted to Hitler and described him as "excessively gentle and modest in his manners. Unobtrusive, communicative, informal, he had a certain quiet charm, almost a tenderness of speech and glance." She was so enamoured with the Führer that she tired to organize a tour of the United States for him. This did not meet with the approval of Herman Goering, head of the Luftwaffe, who spread the rumour that Martha was a Soviet agent. (she had visited Moscow and Leningrad July, 1934 and wrote about the Soviet experiment in idealized and utopian colors. ) Hitler refused to see her again and banned her from all future diplomatic receptions. Soon after, reports circulated that Martha attempted suicide by slashing her wrists. No details of this has survived, it is possible that the affair has been hushed up 'diplomatically'.

Martha soon met Rudolf Diels, Chief of the Gestapo under Goering. Diels oversaw Berlin’s Columbia House, "one of the most ghastly prisons in Germany," Diels earned an intimidating reputation among both Germans and foreigners. Diels spent much time describing for Martha Nazi intrigues and "inter-party struggles and hatreds." Martha admitted that during the time when they dated she was "intrigued and fascinated by this human monster of sensitive face and cruel, broken beauty." Martha said, "I am also equally convinced that he was, and is, no more of a Nazi than many of the others who give lip-service to it for their various personal or political reasons." She told of once visiting Diels in his office and seeing dictaphones covering his desk. Diels told Martha that "spying was done not only by the Secret Police Department but by every department... Goebbels spied on Goering and Goering on Goebbels, both on the Secret Police staff, and the Secret Police section on both of them." Discovering firsthand the hateful paranoia that permeated the Nazi regime, a disillusioned Martha soberly realized the true nature of National Socialism. "There began to appear before my romantic eyes—yet not so romantic after all, since these are authenticated facts—a vast and complicated network of espionage, terror, sadism and hate, from which no one, official or private, could escape." A week after attending a party in June 1934 at the house of Captain Ernst Röhm, commander of the Sturm Abteilung (SA), Röhm was liquidated in the purge known as the Night of the Long Knives.

One young man Martha became involved with, a member of the SA, had "a curious name which indicated his Slav origin." An ardent Nazi who "believed that Hitler really meant something with his socialist slogans." The two shared discussions of current affairs in Germany, and he believed "with the same millions of others, that the Fatherland had been mortally crippled by the Treaty of the Allied Powers and he put his faith in Hitler to restore Germany and bring prosperity to the simple man." The effect the relationship had on Martha "was to challenge me into thinking through clearly my own point of view".

Martha said the young Reichswehr officers she dated "definitely distrusted the Führer and didn’t like what they considered ‘socialism’", but "as long as Hitler left their Army alone, as an autonomous unit in the German nation, and gave them the chance, economically and otherwise, to develop and become more efficient, they would be content." The militiary officers "wanted their own freedom, their own leaders, their nonpolitical nature." Professional soldiers were "infinitely less symptomatic of the new Germany than their confreres in the SA, and the SS." She also spent much time with Prince Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia, heir of the Kaisers and House of Hohenzollern and got to know him very well.

Writing about German cultural life in the Third Reich, Martha said "jazz of any type is loathed and feared by Hitler. It represents to him the International Marxist-Jewish conspiracy." Martha maintained that "Only a few night clubs attempt to play jazz and they are very bad. Hitler allows two or three such places to stay open in Berlin for the sake of the foreigners and diplomats living in and visiting the German capital—foreigners who pay heavily into Nazi coffers."

After several affairs with diplomats, newspapermen and Nazi officials, she fell in love with Boris Vinogradov, first secretary of the Soviet embassy. She was recruited into Soviet intelligence, became a member of the Communist Party, and began passing information obtained from opening her father's mail and gossip obtained at diplomatic parties and recruited others into espionage work. On a trip to Moscow Dodd tried to persuade CPSU General Secretary Josef Stalin to let her marry Vinogradov and was denied. Vinogradov was executed in the Great Purge of 1938. Her father was recalled to Washington D.C. in 1937 and Martha returned home with the family.

Stern
After her return to the U.S. in 1938 Martha married millionaire investment broker, Alfred Kaufman Stern. Stern was a financial contributor to the German Communist Party (KPD), and an open supporter of the Communist Party of the United States (CPUSA). In 1939 she published Through Embassy Eyes, an account of her adventures in Berlin which was adapted to a Hollywood film. Around the same time Martha recruited Jane Foster as a Soviet agent. She and her brother, William Dodd, Jr., published in 1941 an edited version of their deceased father's diaries of his time as ambassador. She became active in left wing politics working closely with Vassili Zubilin, head of KGB operations and second secretary of the Soviet Embassy in Washington. In December 1943 Zarubin and Hollywood producer Boris Morros met with the Sterns who subsequently invested $130,000 in the Boris Morros Music Company, a front organization that would serve as cover for Soviet espionage.

At the same time, the Sterns' work as highly visible advocates of Soviet causes attracted the attention of a congressional investigating committee. After they were subpoenaed by the House Committee on Un-American Activities in 1953, the Sterns fled to Mexico rather than testify. The government was finally ready to move against the Soble ring in 1957. Jack Soble and his wife, Myra, Jacob Albam (then Soble's assistant), and the Sterns were indicted for espionage.

Fearing extradition from Mexico, the Sterns fled to Communist Czechoslovakia. In the 1960s they moved for a time to Castro's Cuba but returned to Prague. Their indictments were dismissed in 1979, but they never returned home and died in Prague.

With the assistance provided by Morros, the government had ample evidence against Jack Soble, and he decided not to risk trial. He, his wife, and Jacob Albam pleaded guilty. Soble also made a detailed statement of his past activities. In addition to testifying about Mark Zborowski, he assisted the government in convicting his brother, Robert Soblen, of espionage in 1961. Sentenced to life in prison and suffering from leukemia, Soblen jumped bail and fled to Israel using a passport issued to a dead relative. The Israelis, however, refused to admit him and put him on a plane to the United States. During the flight he attempted suicide and the plane landed in London, where he underwent medical treatment and launched another battle for asylum. When he was ordered deported to the United States, Soblen took a large dose of barbiturates and died.

60. Vanden Heuvel, “Grand Illusions,” 248.

61. Given that the anonymous Russian letter (see chapter 2) specifically named Morros as a KGB contact and its authenticity was accepted by the FBI, it may be that Morros in his autobiography exaggerated the extent to which he volunteered his services. The FBI most likely would by that time have gathered information about his espionage activities that would have provided leverage to encourage his cooperation.

62. Annotated list of CPUSA and Young Communist League members in the International Brigades, Archive of the International Brigades, RTsKhIDNI 545–6846.

Attracting the attention of the House Un-American Activities Committee, the Sterns fled to Cuba and then to Prague, Czechoslovakia. Alfred Stern died in Prague in 1986 and Martha Dodd Stern died in August 1990 at the age of 82.

In 1953, tipped off that they were about to be indicted as Soviet spies the Sterns fled to Mexico City with their son. In 1957, they were indicted on six counts, one—conspiring to transmit US defense information to the USSR-carried the death penalty. Fearing that they were about to be extradited, they emigrated to Prague where she said the United States persecuted the progressive-minded where Martha died in 1990.

They fled to Czechoslovakia,

http://www.traces.org/marthadodd.html

In the fall of 1943 Soviet intelligence informed Morros they that found a wealthy couple willing to invest in a sheet music company that would serve as cover for Soviet espionage. In December Zarubin drove Morros to Connecticut, where they met with Alfred Stern and his wife Martha Dodd Stern. The couple who invested $130,000 in the Boris Morros Music Company.

The Sterns were the epitome of Communist fellow-traveling chic. Alfred Stern, born in 1897, was educated at Phillips Exeter Academy and Harvard. In 1921 he married Marion Rosenwald, daughter of the head of Sears, Roebuck and Company, and directed the Rosenwald Foundation for a decade. After divorcing his wife in 1936 and receiving a million-dollar settlement, Stern met and married Martha Dodd, daughter of America's ambassador to Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1937.

Born in 1908, Martha Dodd was a femme fatale of the 1930s. Her long list of lovers included Carl Sandburg and Thomas Wolfe. She had shocked the diplomatic community in Germany with her torrid love affairs with Rudolf Dies, head of the Nazi Gestapo, and Boris Vinogradov, first secretary of the Soviet embassy. Vinogradov and Dodd asked the Soviet government for permission to marry in 1936, but they were turned down. Vinogradov returned to Moscow and their relationship came to an end. Decades later she learned from Soviet contacts that he had been executed in 1938. Although it is not certain, Vinogradov most likely was a KGB officer, and his execution was part of Stalin's late 1930s purge of his intelligence agencies. Jack Soble later testified that Martha Dodd had told him that she had worked as a Soviet source while at the U.S. embassy in Berlin and during her relationship with Vinogradov.56

External link

 * The Martha Dodd Papers, Library of Congress.
 * The Mocase Case.

Dodd, Martha Dodd, Martha

title: User:Nobs01/Floyd Miller


text:
Beta Boötis

Beta Boötis, Latinized from β Boötis, and also named Nekkar, is a star in the northern constellation of Boötes. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 3.5, making it one of the brighter members of the constellation. In the modern constellation, it marks the head of Boötis the herdsman. Based upon parallax measurements obtained by the Gaia spacecraft, this star is approximately 235 ly from the Sun. The magnitude of the star is reduced by 0.06 from extinction caused by intervening gas and dust.

Nomenclature
β Boötis (Latinised to Beta Boötis) is the star's Bayer designation.

It bore the traditional name Nekkar or Nakkar derived from the Arabic name for the constellation: Al Baḳḳār 'the Herdsman'. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Nekkar for this star on 21 August 2016 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.

Properties
An angular diameter measurement of $1.226 mas$ places Nekkar's radius at. (König et al. (2006) give it 3.4 solar masses, while Tetzlaff et al. (2011) list a higher estimated mass of 5.0 ± 1.5 solar masses and Takeda et al. (2008) show it as 3.24 solar masses.) At the estimated age of 240–251 million years, it has evolved into a giant star with a stellar classification of G8 IIIa. The star is radiating around 170 –194 times as much luminosity as the Sun from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 5,000 K. This heat gives it the yellow-hued glow of a G-type star. It has an estimated rotation period of about 200 days and the pole is inclined 28° ± 6° to the line of sight from the Earth.

In 1993, the ROSAT satellite was used to observe an X-ray flare on Beta Boötis, which released an estimated 1.7 × 1032 erg. This was the first such observation for a low-activity star of this type. The flare may be explained by an as yet unobserved M-type dwarf companion star.

title: Beta Boötis


text:
User talk:Kramtark

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! RJFJR 04:44, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
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Mark!
It's Mark! YOOO! I was just looking at the edit history for the SHHS page and I saw that you have contributed. Good job reverting that one edit about school performance! I changed the page a while ago when PRIDE was abolished. Oh...I am John (yes, John D.). -John SearedIce 00:14, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

Hi there.
I think Kramtark is a pretty cool guy. He built Philadelphia with his own two hands and doesn't afraid of anything. --Notyourbroom (talk) 18:11, 11 March 2009 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Goldendoodle-On-Porch.jpg
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Email sent to the account holder
I'm posting the email here for the sake of openness.

Hi,

You uploaded a photo to Wikipedia in 2005. Someone has put it up for deletion, citing the fact that it doesn't explicitly give its source. I assume it's a photograph you took yourself.

Here's the page proposed for deletion:

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Goldendoodle-On-Porch.jpg&oldid=403984908

Here's the edit I made:

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Goldendoodle-On-Porch.jpg&oldid=403987505

Please check over that second link to ensure that the "Summary" template is accurate.

Best, Bill —Bill Price (nyb) 05:35, 24 December 2010 (UTC)

Reply received
responded to my email and said "Yes, that is accurate. Good catch." —Bill Price (nyb) 22:38, 24 December 2010 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Kramtark


text: User talk:68.7.100.224

title: User talk:68.7.100.224


text:
Gamma Boötis

Gamma Boötis, Latinised from γ Boötis, is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Boötes the herdsman, forming the left shoulder of this asterism. The primary component has the proper name Seginus, the traditional name of the Gamma Bootis system. It has a white hue and is visible to the naked eye with a typical apparent visual magnitude of +3.03. Based on parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, it is located at a distance of approximately 85 light-years from the Sun, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −32 km/s.

Properties
The double nature of this system was discovered by American astronomer S. W. Burnham in 1878, and has the discovery code BU 616. The system is resolved into a pair separated by $−32.40$ with a magnitude difference of 9.27. The brighter primary is itself a close pair separated by $4.65$, as discovered by B. L. Morgan and associates in 1975. The primary or 'A' component of this double star system is designated WDS J14321+3818 ('B' is the star UCAC2 45176266 ) in the Washington Double Star Catalog. Parallax measurements for component B give a distance of approximately 611.92 pc. Gamma Boötis' two components are themselves designated WDS J14321+3818Aa (Seginus) and Ab.

The stellar classification of Gamma Boötis is A7IV+(n), matching an A-type star with somewhat "nebulous" lines due to rapid rotation. It was found to be a short-period variable star in 1914 by German astronomers P. Guthnick and R. Prager. Non-radial pulsations were detected in 1992 by Edward J. Kennelly and colleagues. It is a Delta Scuti-type variable star with a period of 0.2903137 day that varies from magnitude +3.02 down to +3.07. This dominant mode is 21.28 cycles per day with an amplitude of 0.05 in magnitude. Additional pulsations occur at 18.09, 12.02, 11.70 and 5.06 cycles per day.

These types of stars are usually on the main sequence or slightly evolved. The primary is around one billion years old with 2.1 times the mass of the Sun and five times the Sun's radius. Measurements of the projected rotational velocity range from 115 to 145 km/s, suggesting a high rate of spin. On average, the star is radiating 33.4 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of $3.75$.

The system displays a statistically significant infrared excess due to a circumstellar disk. A model fit to the data indicates this material has a mean temperature of 85 K and is orbiting at a distance of $33.4 arcseconds$.

Nomenclature
γ Boötis (Latinised to Gamma Boötis) is the binary's Bayer designation. WDS J14321+3818 is the wider system's designation in the Washington Double Star Catalog. The designations of the two constituents as WDS J14321+3818A and B, and those of A's components—WDS J14321+3818Aa and Ab—derive from the convention used by the Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) for multiple star systems, and adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).

Gamma Boötis bore the traditional name Ceginus (later Seginus), from cheguius or theguius, apparently Latin mistranscriptions of an Arabic rendering of Greek Boötes. Two possibilities have been suggested: from Arabic بوطس bwṭs, in one of the manuscripts of the Almagest, with undotted ب b mistaken for an undotted ث th, و w taken as w and spelled 'gu', and ط ṭ completely misread, or from Arabic بؤوتس bwʾwts, with undotted ب b mistaken for an undotted ث th, ؤ w-hamza mistaken for غ ġ, و w read as u, and undotted ن n misread as an undotted ى y and transcribed i—that is, as th-g-u-i-s with unwritten vowels (and the Latin grammatical ending -us) filled in for theguius.

In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN decided to attribute proper names to individual stars rather than entire multiple systems. It approved the name Seginus for WDS J14321+3818Aa on 21 August 2016 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.

Gamma Boötis was listed as Haris in Bečvář, apparently derived from the Arabic name of the constellation of Boötes, Al-Haris Al-Sama meaning "the guard of the north".

In the catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi al Mouakket, this star was designated Menkib al Aoua al Aisr (منكب العواء الأيسر – mankibu lʿawwaaʾi lʾaysar), which was translated into Latin as Humerus Sinister Latratoris, meaning 'the left shoulder of barker'.

In Chinese astronomy, Gamma Boötis is called 招搖, Pinyin: Zhāoyáo, meaning Twinkling Indicator, because this star is marking itself and standing alone in Twinkling Indicator asterism, Root mansion (see: Chinese constellation). 招搖 (Zhāoyáo), westernized into Chaou Yaou, but the name Chaou Yaou was designated for Beta Boötis (Nekkar) by R.H. Allen and the meaning is "to beckon, excite, or move."

Namesake
USS Seginus (AK-133) was a U.S. Navy Crater-class cargo ship named after the star.

title: Gamma Boötis


text:
Paper negative

The paper negative process consists of using a negative printed on paper (either photographically or digitally) to create the final print of a photograph, as opposed to using a modern negative on a film base of cellulose acetate. The plastic acetate negative (which is what modern films produce) enables the printing of a very sharp image intended to be as close a representation of the actual subject as is possible. By using a negative based on paper instead, there is the possibility of creating a more ethereal image, simply by using a type of paper with a very visible grain, or by drawing on the paper or distressing it in some way.

One of the original forms of photography was based on the paper negative process. William Henry Fox Talbot's paper negative process, which was used to create his work "The Pencil of Nature", used a negative created on paper treated with silver salts, which was exposed in a camera obscura to create the negative and then contact printed on a similar paper to produce a positive image.

When Talbot created this process it was intended to be a way to reproduce nature as accurately as possible (hence the name of his work, "The Pencil of Nature"). Through the years afterwards, however, better and more accurate ways of producing exact replicas of nature were developed, and these processes relegated the paper negative process to obsolescence.

The process of the paper negative is still relevant, though, in the realm of alternative-process photography. Photographers employing alternative processes reject the idea of the exact replica of nature and seek to use the inherent inexactness of antiquated processes to create a more personal and emotional image. The paper negative is an extremely versatile process that allows all manner of reworking and retouching of an image, and is the perfect medium to bridge the gap between camera operator and artist.

title: Paper negative


text: User talk:68.85.8.212

title: User talk:68.85.8.212


text:
California Coast University

California Coast University (CCU) is a private for-profit online university based in Santa Ana, California. It is accredited by the Distance Education Accrediting Commission and approved by the State of California. It enrolls approximately 8,000 students.

History
California Coast University was founded in 1973 as California Western University, with administration and library facilities located in downtown Santa Ana, California. The name was changed to California Coast University in 1981. In 2010, CCU moved to larger headquarters to accommodate its continued growth.

Academics
California Coast University presently offers undergraduate and graduate programs in business administration, management, marketing, psychology, criminal justice, human resource management, health care management, and education. Academics at California Coast University are offered through five schools: School of Administration and Management, School of Arts and Sciences, School of Behavioral Science, School of Criminal Justice, and School of Education.

Accreditation
CCU was initially accredited by the Distance Education Accrediting Commission (DEAC) on January 8, 2005. DEAC accreditation recognizes the validity of CCU degrees up to doctoral level.

CCU has been approved to operate by the State of California since 1974. Approval to operate is presently granted by the California Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education (BPPE), a unit of the California Department of Consumer Affairs. The BPPE approves private postsecondary schools to operate in the state that meet "minimum standards established by the Bureau for integrity, financial stability, and educational quality."

In 2004, and prior to their DEAC accreditation, the U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO) found that federal employees had improperly received subsidies to attend CCU. The report also found that federal agencies may have incorrectly accepted CCU degrees issued before their accreditation.

Format and delivery
Since the early 1970s, California Coast University has offered off-campus self-paced degree programs to mid-career adults. Students were accepted who had verifiable years of full-time employment in the major field or a closely related field. In the 1980s, seven years of verifiable full time on the job experience were required before entering the doctoral programs. Five years of experience were required to enter the master's degree (MS) programs, and three years of experience were required to enter the baccalaureate (BS) programs. Academic approval by California required not less than nine months or one academic year to complete any degree program (a minimum of three years for the doctoral degrees). Students earn their degrees through a variety of methods including transfer credit from other recognized educational institutions, courses completed at CCU, and specialized, documented, formal training (undergraduate level only). In addition, doctoral students must complete a dissertation focused on research related to the field of education and an oral defense before their dissertation committee.

Originally, California Coast University provided distance education degrees, at the bachelor's, master's and doctoral level, for a variety of majors including business administration, management, psychology, education, and engineering management. Over time, the engineering management programs, along with the other doctoral programs, were phased out in response to a reorientation of the CCU programs in preparation for accreditation by DETC (now DEAC). Students completing programs that were discontinued could complete their degrees in a teach-out agreement with the accreditor. Teach-out agreements are a standard practice required of all recognized educational institutions. During the teach-out phase, qualified faculty continue to work with enrolled students.

Since accreditation, CCU has continued to expand and to offer more distance education programs in the areas of health care administration and management, criminal justice, human resource management, marketing, general studies, and to offer additional master's and professional doctoral degrees in education, since DEAC became authorized by US Department Of Education to accredit professional doctorates.

Notable alumni

 * Mohammad Hossein Adeli, a diplomat, economist and academic who is presently Secretary General of Gas Exporting Countries Forum.
 * David Borja, Northern Mariana Islands educator, military veteran, and politician. He was the running mate of gubernatorial candidate Ramon Guerrero in the 2009 gubernatorial election.
 * Ben Bova, American author of more than 120 works of science fact and fiction, and six-time winner of the Hugo Award.
 * Joseph V. Cuffari, Inspector General of the Department of Homeland Security.
 * Jeff Papows, former CEO of Lotus Software Corporation
 * Walter Martin an American Evangelical Christian minister founder the Christian Research Institute.
 * Cheryl Saban, philanthropist, advocate for women, Senior Advisor, U.S. Mission to the United Nations, and Representative of the United States to the Sixty-seventh Session of the United Nations General Assembly.
 * Tim Solobay, Pennsylvania politician who serves as the Fire Commissioner of Pennsylvania. He previously served as a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate and, before that, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
 * Cynthia Denzler, Colombian-American-Swiss alpine skier who competed in the 2010 Winter Olympics.
 * Jeffrey Goodman, American archaeologist with training in geology and archaeology who also holds degrees from Columbia University, University of Arizona, and the Colorado School of Mines.
 * Philip Wong Yu-hong, a member of the legislative council, a deputy to the National People's Congress, and vice-chairman of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong.

title: California Coast University


text:
Vivian Jones

Vivian Jones may refer to:
 * Vivian Malone Jones (1942–2005), one of the first two African Americans to enroll at the University of Alabama in 1963
 * Vivian Jones (singer) (born 1957), Jamaican-born British reggae singer
 * Vivian Vance or Vivian Roberta Jones (1909–1979), American actor

title: Vivian Jones


text:
Talk:Littl'ans

— J I P | Talk 04:47, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Littl'ans


text:
User talk:Jakewan

Welcome!

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AfD nomination of Mousepad (software)
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However, for textual content, you may simply consider rewriting the content in your own words. Thank you. Fastily (talk) 03:06, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jakewan


text:
Eta Boötis

Eta Boötis (η Boötis, abbreviated Eta Boo, η Boo) is a binary star in the constellation of Boötes. Based on parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, it is approximately 37 light-years (11 parsecs) distant from the Sun. Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified. It forms a double star with the star BD+19 2726.

As a constituent of a double pair, Eta Boötis is also designated WDS J13547+1824A, with its two components being designated Aa (formally named Muphrid, the traditional name for the entire system) and Ab. (As part of a binary pair, they are also designated Eta Boötis A and B, respectively.) BD +19 2726 is also designated WDS J13547+1824B.

Nomenclature
η Boötis (Latinised to Eta Boötis) is the binary pair's Bayer designation; η Boötis A and B those of its two components. The designations of the two constituents of the double pair as WDS J13547+1824A and B and those of A's components - Aa and Ab - derive from the convention used by the Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) for multiple star systems, and adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).

Eta Boötis bore the traditional names Muphrid and Saak. Muphrid is from the Arabic مفرد الرامح mufrid ar-rāmiħ "the (single) one of the lancer". In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN decided to attribute proper names to individual stars rather than entire multiple systems. It approved the name Muphrid for the component WDS J13547+1824Aa (Eta Boötis A) on 12 September 2016 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.

In the catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi al Mouakket, this star was designated Ramih al Ramih (رمح الرامح rumḥ al rāmiḥ), which was translated into Latin as Lancea Lanceator, possibly meaning the lance of the lancer.

In Chinese, 右攝提 (Yòu Niè Dī), meaning "the Right Conductor", refers to an asterism consisting of Eta Boötis, Tau Boötis and Upsilon Boötis. Consequently, the Chinese name for Eta Boötis itself is 右攝提一 (Yòu Niè Dī yī, "the First Star of the Right Conductor").

Properties
Eta Boötis is a suspected spectroscopic binary with a reported period of 494 days, but the companion was not confirmed through speckle interferometry. This measurement does not rule out a low mass stellar companion of spectral class M7.

Eta Boötis presents as a subgiant that has begun the process of evolving from a main sequence star into a red giant. It has about 1.7 times the mass of the Sun and 2.7 times the Sun's radius. The estimated age of this star is about 2.7 billion years. Based on its spectra, it has a significant excess of elements heavier than helium. In fact the ratio of iron to hydrogen is considered close to the upper limit for dwarf stars in the galactic disk.

Eta Boötis appears close to the prominent star Arcturus (Alpha Bootis) in Earth's sky, and Arcturus is in fact its closest stellar neighbor, as both stars are nearly identical in distance from the Sun. The two stars are about 3.24 light-years apart, and each would appear bright in the other's sky. Arcturus would appear as roughly magnitude -5.2 (about 120 times brighter than it appears from Earth, or close to twice the brightness of Venus) in the night sky of a hypothetical planet orbiting Eta Boötis, while Eta Boötis would appear at about magnitude −2.4 (absolute magnitude −2.41 at 0.99 parsec) in the sky of a hypothetical planet orbiting Arcturus, or over twice the brightness of Sirius in the night sky.

title: Eta Boötis


text:
User talk:Oceanm

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! RJFJR 04:48, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
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VikiProje Türkiye'ye davet / Invitation to join WikiProject Turkey

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title: User talk:Oceanm


text:
Talk:The Phoenix and the Turtle

Strange poem
shakespeare seriously must have been smoking some crack when he wrote this....honestly! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.70.95.203 (talk • contribs) 04:49, 14 October 2005

Understanding the nature of love between two seems an essential quality for anyone wanting to get more understanding out of this poem than the previous entrant. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 149.63.65.95 (talk • contribs) 22:18, 12 April 2006
 * I always find it fascinating that nobody has tried looking at this poem from an Alchemical/Hermetic point of view. The piece is laden with Alchemical imagery of death and transformation through love - the marriage of male and female and the resultant unity. To me this was Shakespeare's genius. Everything he wrote works on so many extraordinary different levels - this poem is an allegory, a love poem, an elegy, an evocation of the Alchemical process, or just a wonderfully written enigma. Enjoy it as you will. One other thing - its not written in iambic pentameter and has a curiously modern syntax to it. ThePeg 23:39, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

Convoluted line
What on earth is this supposed to mean? " It also seems that the roots of this conception of perfect love lie not only in scholastic sources regarding the union of persons in the Trinity...."
 * Did the persin who copied this know what it meant? If so, then they needed to link the "Trinity" so that others could understand it as well. I will do my best to make it clear.

Amandajm (talk) 01:24, 9 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Phoenix and the Turtle


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Theta Boötis

Theta Boötis, Latinized from θ Boötis, is a star in the northern constellation of Boötes the herdsman, forming a corner of the upraised left hand of this asterism. It has the traditional name Asellus Primus (Latin for "first donkey colt") and the Flamsteed designation 23 Boötis. Faintly visible to the naked eye, this star has a yellow-white hue with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.05. It is located at a distance of 47.2 light years from the Sun based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −10.6 km/s.

Properties
The stellar classification of Theta Boötis is F7 V, matching an F-type main-sequence star. It is a solar-type star that may be near the end of its main sequence lifetime based on a high luminosity for a star of its type. Theta Boötis is a suspected variable star and a source of X-ray emission. There is evidence for low amplitude radial velocity variation of about 5 km/s. The star has a 24/41% greater mass and a 40% larger radius than the Sun. It is about 3–4 billion years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 29 km/s. The star is radiating 4.1 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,294 K.

There is a nearby 11th magnitude optical companion star about 70 arcseconds away. This is a class M2.5 red dwarf that is separated by a minimum of 1,000 AUs. It is uncertain whether they are gravitationally bound, but they do have a common motion through space and so the two stars probably share a common origin.

Nomenclature
θ Boötis, along with the other Aselli (ι Boo and κ Boo) and λ Boo, were Aulād al Dhiʼbah (أولاد الضّباع - ''awlād al-ḍibā‘), "the Whelps of the Hyenas".

In Chinese, 天枪 (Tiān Qiāng), meaning Celestial Spear, refers to an asterism consisting of θ Boötis, κ2 Boötis and ι Boötis. Consequently, the Chinese name for θ Boötis itself is 天枪三 (Tiān Qiāng sān, the Third Star of Celestial Spear.)

title: Theta Boötis


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Talk:Nene Tamayo

Untitled
About the claim that director Lauren Dyogi is the Pinoy Big Brother... I just wonder if it has been declared as a fact. ClashEdRoom

 * Unsubstantiated (as of now). I've tried looking for this information myself, but it always comes up as pure gossip/speculation. --- Tito Pao 20:08, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nene Tamayo


text: User talk:24.19.154.131

title: User talk:24.19.154.131


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Iota Boötis

Iota Boötis (ι Boo, ι Boötis) is a member of a binary star system in the constellation Boötes, approximately 96 light-years from Earth. It has the traditional name Asellus Secundus (Latin for "second donkey colt") and the Flamsteed designation 21 Boötis. The companion is HD 234121, a K0 main sequence star.

Components
Iota Boötis has a companion at an angular distance of 38.6 arcseconds, easily separated with binoculars.

The primary component is a white A-type main-sequence dwarf with a mean apparent magnitude of +4.75. It is classified as a Delta Scuti-type variable star and its brightness varies from magnitude +4.73 to +4.78 with a stable period of 38 minutes.

The companion, HD 234121, is a magnitude 7.3 main-sequence star belonging to spectral class K0V. It is separated from ι Boo by $1,100 AU$. HD 234121 has a mass of, a luminosity of , a temperature of $5,090 K$, and a radius of.

The Washington Double Star Catalog lists a third component, a 14th-magnitude star at 90 arcseconds, but it is an unrelated background star.

Nomenclature
This star, along with the other Aselli (θ Boo and κ Boo) and λ Boo, were Aulād al Dhiʼbah (أولاد الضّباع - ''awlād al-ḍibā‘), "the Whelps of the Hyenas".

In Chinese, 天槍 (Tiān Qiāng), meaning Celestial Spear, refers to an asterism consisting of ι Boötis, κ2 Boötis and θ Boötis. Consequently, the Chinese name for ι Boötis itself is 天槍二 (Tiān Qiāng èr, the Second Star of Celestial Spear).

title: Iota Boötis


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Kappa Boötis

Kappa Boötis (κ Boo, κ Boötis) is a double star in the constellation Boötes. It has the traditional name Asellus Tertius (Latin for "third donkey colt")  and the Flamsteed designation 17 Boötis. The components are separated by an angular distance of 13.5 arcsec, viewable in a small telescope. Kappa Boötis is approximately 155 light years from Earth.

Nomenclature
κ2 Boötis, the brighter star of the pair, is also designated HD 124675, while κ1 Boötis is HD 124674. The two stars share the Bright Star Catalogue designation HR 5328, but they have separate entries in the Hipparcos catalogue: HIP 69483 and HIP 69481 respectively.

Properties
κ1 Boötis is a spectroscopic binary star system. The visible primary is an F2 main sequence star, while the secondary is half the mass and much fainter.

κ2 Boötis is classified as a Delta Scuti type variable star with a period of 1.08 hours Its brightness varies from magnitude +4.50 to +4.58. It is a slightly evolved A8 subgiant.

A 17th-magnitude star nearly two arc-minutes away has been identified as a member of the multiple system with an estimated orbital period of 177,000 years. It is itself a close binary with two similar low-mass stars in a 234-year orbit.

Etymology
This star, along with the other Aselli (θ Boo and ι Boo) and λ Boo, were Aulād al Dhiʼbah (أولاد الضّباع - ''awlād al-ḍibā‘), "the Whelps of the Hyenas".

In Chinese, 天槍 (Tiān Qiāng), meaning Celestial Spear, refers to an asterism consisting of κ (actually κ2) Boötis, ι Boötis and θ Boötis. Consequently, the Chinese name for κ Boötis itself is 天槍一 (Tiān Qiāng yī, the First Star of Celestial Spear.)

title: Kappa Boötis


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Billy G. Mills

Billy Gene Mills (born November 19, 1929) is a retired Los Angeles Superior Court judge and a former Los Angeles City Council member, serving from 1963 to 1974. He was one of the first three African-Americans elected to the council.

Biography
Mills was born on November 19, 1929, in Waco, Texas, the son of Roosevelt Mills of Marshall, Texas, and Jenye Vive Mills, also of Texas. He went to A.J. Moore High School in Waco, where he was captain and quarterback of the football team. A member of the debate and declamation squad, he was named "Most Outstanding Student" in 1947. He moved to California after graduation and then received an associate in arts degree from Compton College and a Bachelor of Arts degree from UCLA in 1951. While an undergraduate, he joined the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. He earned a Juris Doctor degree from UCLA in 1954, and was a member of the first graduating class to complete the university's full three-year program and the first black student to receive that degree from UCLA. He spent a year working at Douglas Aircraft and then was in the Army until 1957; he was assigned to legal duties in Japan. After his discharge, he became a deputy county probation officer, and in 1960 began to practice law. He ran unsuccessfully for a municipal judgeship in 1962. He was honored by UCLA as Alumnus of the Year and as Judge of the Year by the Beverly Hills Bar Association.

He was married on June 20, 1953, to Rubye Maurine Jackson of Texarkana, Texas. They had twin daughters, Karen and Karol, and three sons, Wiliam Karl, John Stewart and James Edward. The children established the Dr. Rubye and Judge Billy G. Mills Scholarship at UCLA to offer graduates of LA public schools studying political science seeking financial aid.

In 1966 they were living at 3621 Third Avenue in the Jefferson Park district.

Elections
Mills was elected to Los Angeles City Council District 8 in 1963, succeeding Gordon Hahn. After the election, he noted that the "cheek has turned and now Caucasians will realize that you don't have to be white to represent whites."

He and Tom Bradley were the next two blacks to serve on the Los Angeles City Council, after Gilbert Lindsay, who had been appointed in the 9th District in 1962. Lindsay was elected in his own right in 1964, so the three were the first blacks to be elected to the City Council. All three were reelected in 1967 and 1971.

In 1968 Mills ran unsuccessfully for the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, challenging the incumbent, Kenneth Hahn.

Highlights

 * Yorty. Even though Mills had supported Mayor Sam Yorty in the 1965 election against James Roosevelt, once Mills was elected, Yorty "bitterly assailed" the new councilman's spending on new furnishings for his City Hall and district offices. The mayor turned down Mills' "latest request—$126 for a 'reverse' telephone directory." Mills replied that his offices had been neglected in the past and there was some "catching up" to do. After Yorty vetoed additional expenditures for Mills's office three months later, Mills said of the mayor: "After many years of public office, his prejudices are beginning to show. This man's sanity is . . . in question."
 * Police. In April 1964 Mills maintained that he had been stopped by the police seventeen times since the preceding July because he was "spotted driving a city car at night." He declined to label the incidents as "mistreatment." Mayor Yorty said he thought that Mills's statement was "exaggerated" and that it was not factual, adding: "If he was stopped once I'd be surprised."

Meeting
On Wednesday evening, August 11, 1965, a large-scale civil disturbance broke out in the Watts district of Los Angeles and spread within a few days to other parts of the city. Thirty -four people were killed, 1,032 injured, and 3,438 arrested. It was the most severe riot in the city's history to that time. Mills called a meeting of community and "indigenous" leaders in the City Council chambers on Saturday morning "to hear comments from anyone connected with the disturbances so city officials can begin getting at the causes of the riots." Staff writer Paul Beck of the Los Angeles Times, reported:

"Mills' decision to hold the meeting came in the face of warnings from other councilmen that it could cause serious problems and do no good in calming those involved. . . . 'I can imagine the drapes being torn down and the furniture slashed,' said Councilman John C. Holland.'"

Police probe
Mills demanded an investigation of the role of the Los Angeles Police Department in the riots and asked Mayor Yorty to issue an executive order that would prevent Chief William H. Parker and other department heads from making public statements without clearing them first with the mayor or appropriate governing boards. He said the Los Angeles police were "rendered totally inept" after the rioting had started.

On September 8, 1965, Mills "directed" Chief Parker to appear before him "in person" to explain a raid on a Black Muslim mosque the preceding August 18, in which nineteen people were arrested and all were freed by a judge, citing lack of evidence. Parker declined to comply. Mills' action, according to a news report, was "in keeping with his persistent opposition to the chief." Mills was the only council member who did not vote in favor of a council resolution commending Parker and the department for their work during the disturbances. He said he would have voted in favor if the resolution had it not named Parker and had it not "excused" the police for all their actions.

The councilman said he had information that the mosque raid was "deliberately provoked" by false phone calls that Negroes were carrying guns into the building. He was critical of heavy police gunfire and claimed that the officers "were trying to destroy" two buildings on the property. Deputy Police Chief Thomas Reddin responded that "large-scale force was necessary to overcome large-scale resistance." Mills later submitted a report suggesting that a fire set inside the mosque could have been done by police as an act of "hostility."

Inquests
Mills was critical of the coroner's inquests that were held after the riots. He said they were "attempts to justify the shooting of elderly citizens, unarmed youths and innocent bystanders." Twenty-six of the riot deaths were ruled justifiable homicide, one was accidental and five were criminal.

Democratic Party
By a three-vote margin, Mills in 1966 was elected the first black chairman of the Democratic County Central Committee over fellow Councilman Tom Bradley, also an African American. After the vote, Mills called for the defeat of former movie star and television actor Ronald Reagan, who was running for governor as a Republican.

Run for Congress
Mills ran unsuccessfully for Congress in 1972, losing in the primary to Yvonne Brathwaite Burke.

Superior Court
On April 3, 1974, Governor Reagan appointed Mills to the Superior Court bench, effective immediately. Mills said he had never supported Reagan politically but had been "on friendly terms with him for years" and that Reagan had appointed him to the California Council on Criminal Justice in 1972. Mills did support President Richard M. Nixon during the 1972 campaign. Mills had been suggested for the Superior Court position by the black caucus in the California Legislature.

title: Billy G. Mills


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Luxembourg men's national basketball team

The Luxembourg men's national basketball team (Lëtzebuergesch Basketballnationalequipe, Équipe du Luxembourg de basketball, ) represents Luxembourg in international basketball tournaments. They are controlled by the Luxembourg Basketball Federation.

Luxembourg has competed at the EuroBasket three times, in 1946, 1951, and 1955. Their best result was an eighth place finish at their first appearance at the competition in 1946. However, the national team has yet to qualify to compete at the FIBA World Cup.

EuroBasket 1946
Luxembourg appeared in their first international event at EuroBasket 1946 in Geneva. After being placed in Group A for the preliminary round, the national team would play in their first ever match against Poland, where the team would lose 45–28. Following the defeat, Luxembourg went on to lose their next two matches against Hungary and Italy, which ultimately dropped the team into the classification phase of the tournament. There, Luxembourg captured their first ever victory against England 27–50. With only one game remaining for Luxembourg, the team would finish out the competition with a loss against Belgium, to end the tournament eighth out of the ten teams overall.

EuroBasket 1951
After not entering the competition in 1947 and 1949, Luxembourg made their way back to the continental stage at EuroBasket 1951 in Paris. Luxembourg's first match of the tournament was against the host France, which resulted in a demoralising defeat for the national team 72–26. Ensuing the tough loss for Luxembourg, were four straight defeats for the team, to relegate them into a must win elimination game for the right to advance into the classification rounds. Luxembourg, however, would lose in a tightly contested match 45–46 against Denmark to be eliminated.

EuroBasket 1955
Following Luxembourg's dismal performance at the EuroBasket in 1951, the national team declined to enter the event in 1953, instead looked toward EuroBasket 1955 in Budapest to make amends. After a disastrous first game in the preliminary round, which saw Luxembourg completely dominated by the Soviet Union, the team was narrowly defeated in their second match against Sweden 54–53. However, in Luxembourg's final two matches of the preliminary phase, the team struggled to build upon their game against Sweden; and were relegated toward the classification rounds at a record of (0–5).

Entering the classification round, Luxembourg dropped their first match against Turkey, before earning their first win of the tournament against Denmark 46–31. Luxembourg would eventually go on to pickup two more victories, both against Sweden to end the tournament 15th out of the 18 teams at the event.

Subsequent years
After Luxembourg's last appearance at the EuroBasket in 1951, the national team endured numerous failed qualifying cycles in order to make it back to the EuroBasket. However, Luxembourg eventually achieved success competing at smaller competitions such as the European Championship for Small Countries and the Games of the Small States of Europe.

Entering qualification for Luxembourg to reach EuroBasket 2017, the team struggled toward a (1–5) record during the process to being eliminated. After Luxembourg's missed opportunity to qualify for the 2017 tournament, the team was tasked with going through Pre-Qualifiers with a chance to qualify for EuroBasket 2022. Luxembourg would get off to a slow start during the first round of pre-qualifiers, losing their first three matches before picking up a needed win on the road against Cyprus 89–76. With a record of (1–3), Luxembourg's path of advancing took a detour, as the team was relegated to the third and final phase of pre-qualifiers. There, Luxembourg would only win one game during that qualifying window (1–3), at home against Kosovo 88–80 and failing to advance.

For Luxembourg's process to qualify for the 2023 FIBA World Cup, the national team took part in European Pre-Qualifiers, where they went (2–4) in the first round; and were initially eliminated. Although due to Austria withdrawing from qualification, Luxembourg were next inline to replace them. Entering the second and final phase of World Cup European pre-qualifiers, Luxembourg's qualification campaign officially came to a close, after posting an (0–4) record during the round.

Current roster
Roster for the 2027 FIBA World Cup Pre-Qualifiers matches on 22 and 25 February 2024 against Romania and Norway.

Head coach position
• 🇭🇺 Ferenc Haris – (1989–1991)

• 🇺🇸 Rick Brooks – (1991–1993)

• 🇺🇸 Doug Marty – (1993–1996)

• 🇺🇸 Steve Hebold – (1996–2002)

• 🇺🇸 Don Beck – (2002)

• 🇺🇸 Paul Brown – (2002–2003)

• 🇩🇪 Hermann Paar – (2003–2005)

• Krešimir Bašić – (2005–2007)

• 🇩🇪 Carsten Steiner – (2008–2009)

• 🇩🇪 Frank Baum – (2010–2013)

• 🇩🇪 Karsten Schul – (2013–2014)

• 🇫🇷 Franck Mériguet – (2014–2015)

• 🇱🇺 Ken Diederich – (2015–present)

Past rosters
1946 EuroBasket: finished 8th among 10 teams

3 Alfred Achen, 4 René Bicheler, 5 René Colling, 6 Henri Heyart, 7 Pierre Kelsen, 8 Eugene Kohn, 9 Léon Konsbruck, 10 Joseph Linck, 11 Gaston Poncin, 12 Roger Scheuren (Coach: Henri Heyart)

1951 EuroBasket: finished 17th among 18 teams

3 Guy Neumann, 4 Mathias Steffen, 5 Xander Frantz, 6 Fernand Schmalen, 7 Roger Dentzer, 8 Joseph Eyschen, 9 Marcel Gales, 10 Mathias Birel, 11 Jean Guillen, 12 Pierre Steinmetz, 13 Léon Konsbruck, 14 René Haas, 15 Ley, 25 Paul Linster (Coach: Pierrot Conter)

1955 EuroBasket: finished 15th among 18 teams

3 Pierre Steinmetz, 4 Mathias Birel, 5 Fernand Wolter, 6 Joseph Lettal, 7 Paul Kemp, 8 Fernand Schmalen, 9 John Kieffer, 10 Marcel Simon, 11 Florent Lickes, 12 Gust Scharle, 13 Albert Meyers, 14 Jean Christophory (Coach: Pierre Kelsen)


text:
Talk:Beg for mercy

— J I P | Talk 04:52, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Beg for mercy


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pentoon

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete Wikibofh 00:04, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Pentoon
nn website. no alexa. 60.234.144.135 04:53, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Removed references potentially interpretable as biased. TheLightOfTruth

 * Agree w nom. vote delete.--Gaff 05:04, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I checked on Google, and after the web page's own site, unrelated links come up. Using the author's name, what comes up are web forums where he made postings. No proof of notability. - Andre Engels 13:40, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pentoon


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Ratcatcher (comics)

The Ratcatcher (Otis Flannegan) is a character appearing in American comic books and other media published by DC Comics, primarily as an enemy of Batman. He belongs to the collective of adversaries that make up the Dark Knight's rogues gallery. Once an actual rat-catcher in Gotham City, Flannegan sank into a life of crime. Calling himself the Ratcatcher because of his special ability to communicate with and train rats, Flannegan has used his minions to plague Gotham on more than one occasion by unleashing hordes of the vermin.

A female version of the character named Cleo Cazo / Ratcatcher 2 appears in the DC Extended Universe film The Suicide Squad (2021), portrayed by Daniela Melchior. Taika Waititi portrays the first Ratcatcher, Cleo's father.

Publication history
The Ratcatcher first appeared in Detective Comics #585 (April 1988) and was created by writers Alan Grant and John Wagner, and artist Norm Breyfogle.

Fictional character biography
Otis Flannegan used to work as a rat-catcher in the Gotham City Sanitation Department who claimed he could train rats to attack before he was eventually arrested and spent ten years in Gotham State Penitentiary after stabbing a man to death in a street fight. After being released, Flannegan kidnapped the four officials responsible for his arrest and subsequent sentence and took them to his hideout in the city's sewers, where he kept them for five years. During this period, Flannegan developed his criminal alter-ego of the Ratcatcher. Wearing protective equipment and using his animal training skills, Flannegan gathered a large swarm of rats to torture and restrain his prisoners.

After five years of captivity, one of Flannegan's prisoners escaped. Though he ordered his rats to kill him, the latter reached the surface, where Batman discovered his body, followed the rats back to Flannegan, and easily defeated him upon dispersing his rats. After being re-incarcerated, he escapes his parole hearing using a flute he carved to control rats via a high-pitched frequency, only to be foiled by Dick Grayson disguised as Batman and captured again.

During the events of Infinite Crisis, Flannegan found refuge with Gotham's homeless community. When the authorities found and re-arrested him, one of the homeless men discovers he is an OMAC while attempting to help Flannegan and vaporizes him.

When DC Comics created The New 52 to reboot their comics, Flannegan was revived and makes a minor appearance in Batman Eternal.

Powers and abilities
The Ratcatcher possesses the ability to communicate and control an army of rats and in-depth knowledge of Gotham City's sewer system and Blackgate Penitentiary's layout. Additionally, he wields a gas gun and can manipulate various objects with cyanide gas.

Master Comics
An alternate universe incarnation of the Ratcatcher named Ransom Trappe appears in Master Comics as an enemy of Bulletman and Bulletgirl.

Mother Panic
In the Mother Panic ongoing series, a reformed and homeless Otis Flannegan moves into the basement of the hotel that Violet Paige uses as her headquarters.

Television

 * A character inspired by the Ratcatcher named Patrick Fitz / Ratboy appears in the Batman Beyond episode "Rats", voiced by Taran Noah Smith. He is a teenage runaway with rat-like features and the ability to telepathically control rats, which led to others calling him "Ratboy". He develops an obsession with Dana Tan, frequently sending her love letters and gifts before kidnapping her and taking her to the sewers to confess his love for her. After she rebuffs him, he commands an army of rats to kill her, but Batman saves her. Fitz is later caught in an explosion and presumed dead.
 * The Ratcatcher appears in Harley Quinn, voiced by James Adomian. This version is an underling of Two-Face.
 * Ratcatcher appears in Suicide Squad Isekai, voiced by Yōji Ueda. This version bears a grudge against Deadshot for slandering him. After being recruited into the Suicide Squad and sent to another world, he escaped and gained a magic scepter that allows him to control other animals, such as werewolves. After Deadshot destroys his scepter, Ratcatcher's thralls betray him.

Film
A female incarnation of the Ratcatcher named Cleo Cazo / Ratcatcher 2 appears in The Suicide Squad, portrayed by Daniela Melchior. This version is the daughter of an unnamed previous Ratcatcher (portrayed by Taika Waititi), both of whom originated as homeless individuals from Portugal until he invented technology to get the city's rat population to help them. Following his death from a heroin overdose, Cazo came to America and began a criminal career, only to be arrested for armed bank robbery due to her rats being considered weapons, and incarcerated in Belle Reve Penitentiary. Sometime later, joined by her pet rat "Sebastian" (vocal effects provided by Dee Bradley Baker) and wielding her father's equipment, she is recruited into the eponymous team to assist them in infiltrating and destroying Jötenheim, a Corto Maltesean laboratory containing the alien Starro. Along the way, she forms bonds with her teammates Bloodsport, despite his fear of rats, and King Shark.

Video games
The Ratcatcher appears as a boss in Batman: Dark Tomorrow, voiced by Jonathan Roumie.

Miscellaneous

 * The Ratcatcher appears in Batman: Arkham Unhinged as a juror in Two-Face's trial against the Joker, during which he votes guilty in retaliation for the latter poisoning his rats.
 * The Ratcatcher appears in Batman: Arkham Knight – Genesis #1. Following the events of Batman: Arkham City, he survived an encounter with the Penguin, but lost his left eye and arm, before he is eventually killed by the Arkham Knight.
 * The Ratcatcher appears in Batman: The Adventures Continue #16 as an attendee of Harley Quinn and Poison Ivy's party.

title: Ratcatcher (comics)


text:
Seaton, Victoria

Seaton is a town in the Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia, located in the Shire of Wellington, 204 km east of the state capital, Melbourne. The town has a population of 161 people as of 2021, up from a population of 157 in 2016.

The Post Office opened on 1 December 1862 as Bald Hills (Gippsland), was renamed Seaton in 1879, and closed in 1967.

title: Seaton, Victoria


text:
Mu Boötis

Mu Boötis, Latinized from μ Boötis, consists of a pair of double stars in the northern constellation of Boötes, 120 light-years from the Sun.

Mu Boötis had the traditional name Alkalurops, although the International Astronomical Union now regards that name as only applying to μ1 Boötis.

System
The primary pair, component A, is designated μ1 Boötis and the two components an angular separation of 0.08″.

The secondary, consisting of components BC, is designated μ2 Boötis and they have a separation of 2.2″. The two double star systems are separated by 107″, with matching parallaxes and proper motions, suggesting they form a system. However, components BC have a different chemical composition compared to the A pair, indicating this may instead be a close encounter between two binary systems.

Nomenclature
μ Boötis (Latinised to Mu Boötis) is the star's Bayer designation. It also bears the Flamsteed designation 51 Boötis.

The system's traditional name Alkalurops is from the Greek καλαύροψ kalaurops "a herdsman's crook or staff", with the Arabic prefix attached. It has also been known as Inkalunis (from the Alfonsine tables), Clava (Latin 'the club') and Venabulum (Latin 'a hunting spear'). In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Alkalurops for μ¹ Boötis on 21 August 2016 and it is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.

It is known as 七公六, Qī Gōng liù (the Sixth Star of the Seven Excellencies) in Chinese.

Properties
μ1 Boötis is a yellow-white F-type subgiant with an apparent magnitude of +4.31.

Separated from its brighter companion by 108 arcseconds in the sky is the binary star μ2 Boötis, which has a combined spectral type of G1V and a combined brightness of +6.51 magnitudes. The components of μ2 Boötis have apparent magnitudes of +7.2 and +7.8 and are separated by 2.2 arcseconds. They complete one orbit about their common centre of mass every 260 years.

title: Mu Boötis


text:
User:Silverhelm/Maps

This page details maps that have been created by me and uploaded to Wikipedia.

Maps of the Imperial Circles as at the beginning of the 16th century
These maps are also available in a German-language version; for details, see under the "List of contributed maps" section below.

Map with each of the circles indicated by a separate colour:

List of contributed maps
This list is in the chronological order of the original uploading of the English-language version of the file.

Colophon
Maps have been produced using Paint Shop Pro (version 7.02), with the aid of a Wacom Intuos 2 graphics tablet. Text is formatted using the Myriad Condensed Web font.

title: User:Silverhelm/Maps