text:
Talk:QI

Recent Updates
The article's list of releases stops at series M, but references are made to series s. Why aren't later series listed? 10:16, 21 September 2022 (UTC)  -- Steve -- (talk) 10:16, 21 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Even worse, series T is not even mentioned. A lot of old and oudated thinges here, but almost nothing recent. I would have expected to find information about filming and broadcasting of the most recent serien, but null. 47.69.97.190 (talk) 19:14, 5 November 2022 (UTC)
 * To the anonymous editor and later series aren't listed because you haven't added them. There is no person assigned to maintain any article, because we are all volunteers. If you see a problem then you need to fix it yourself. We have no shortage of tasks to do, but rather a shortage of volunteer labour. — Bilorv ( talk ) 20:12, 5 November 2022 (UTC)
 * WP:SOFIXIT. We don't have a team of elves maintaining our articles. If you can edit a talk page you can edit an article. DeCausa (talk) 20:15, 5 November 2022 (UTC)

Similitude to "Ilustres ignorantes" (Spanish TV show)... Spin-off?
There is a similar show in Spanish TV called "Ilustres ignorantes" https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilustres_ignorantes which I always felt that has a very similar format to QI. However, it is not listed as one of the QI spin-offs, and the Spanish Wikipedia page also makes no connection between the two. I just note this here, in case anyone ever finds some connections and wants to look into it. 137.195.22.235 (talk) 10:36, 9 August 2023 (UTC)

Origins of the term "QI Elves"?
I feel like this is a Stephen Fry-ism that started out as an off-hand remark on the show and stuck, eventually ending up as the official name in the credits. Is anyone able to verify? Might be something worth noting in the "research" section. 152.78.210.207 (talk) 09:07, 3 January 2024 (UTC)

More on 'The Researchers'
This MAY have been mentioned before, but one of QI's 'elves' is/was Emily Jupitus, the daughter of Phill. As an aside, one of the existing researchers, Vitaly Vitaliev, appeared as a contestant on "Have I Got News For You" in 1993. Taff Hewitt (talk) 22:52, 7 April 2024 (UTC)

Create a new name that dangerous cigarette 158.62.40.26 (talk) 08:06, 11 April 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:QI


text: Category:British lawyers

title: Category:British lawyers


text:
A Change Is Gonna Come (disambiguation)

"A Change Is Gonna Come" is a song by Sam Cooke.

A Change Is Gonna Come may also refer to:

 * A Change Is Gonna Come (Leela James album)
 * A Change Is Gonna Come (Jack McDuff album), 1966
 * "A Change Is Gonna Come" (The West Wing), title of an episode in the West Wing television series, in which the song was performed by James Taylor
 * "A Change Is Gonna Come" (Grey's Anatomy)
 * "Change Is Gonna Come", a song by Olly Murs from Olly Murs
 * "A Change Is Gonna Cum", a song by Devo from Smooth Noodle Maps

title: A Change Is Gonna Come (disambiguation)


text:
Premature atrial contraction

Premature atrial contraction (PAC), also known as atrial premature complexes (APC) or atrial premature beats (APB), are a common cardiac dysrhythmia characterized by premature heartbeats originating in the atria. While the sinoatrial node typically regulates the heartbeat during normal sinus rhythm, PACs occur when another region of the atria depolarizes before the sinoatrial node and thus triggers a premature heartbeat, in contrast to escape beats, in which the normal sinoatrial node fails, leaving a non-nodal pacemaker to initiate a late beat.

The exact cause of PACs is unclear; while several predisposing conditions exist, single isolated PACs commonly occur in healthy young and elderly people. Elderly people that get PACs usually don't need any further attention besides follow ups due to unclear evidence.

PACs are often completely asymptomatic and may be noted only with Holter monitoring, but occasionally they can be perceived as a skipped beat or a jolt in the chest. In most cases, no treatment other than reassurance is needed for PACs, although medications such as beta blockers can reduce the frequency of symptomatic PACs.

Epidemiology
Premature atrial contractions (PACs) are common in the general population, and increase with age. Over 99% of individuals in the general population will have at least one PAC in a 24 hour period. Many PACs can indicate increased risk of atrial fibrillation and/or ischemic stroke. The threshold for number of PACs which substantially raises the risk atrial fibrillation is debatable, but some estimates range between in excess of 500 and 720 PACs per day.

Risk factors
Hypertension, or abnormally high blood pressure, often signifies an elevated level of both psychological and physiological stress. Often, hypertension goes hand in hand with various atrial fibrillations including PACs. Additional factors that may contribute to spontaneous premature atrial contractions could be:
 * Increased age
 * Abnormal body height
 * Family history of heart disease
 * History of cardiovascular disease (CV)
 * Abnormal atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels
 * Elevated cholesterol

Diagnosis
Premature atrial contractions are typically diagnosed with an electrocardiogram, Holter monitor, long-term continuous monitor, cardiac event monitor, or with a smartwatch with an ECG functionality.

Electrocardiogram
On an electrocardiogram (ECG), PACs are characterized by an abnormally shaped P wave in different ECG leads. Since the premature beat initiates outside the sinoatrial node, the associated P wave appears different from those seen in normal sinus rhythm. Typically, the atrial impulse propagates normally through the atrioventricular node and into the cardiac ventricles, resulting in a normal, narrow QRS complex. However, if the atrial beat is premature enough, it may reach the atrioventricular node during its refractory period, in which case it will not be conducted to the ventricle and there will be no QRS complex following the P wave.

In some people, PACs occur in a predictable pattern. Two PACs in a row are called doublets and three PACs in a row are triplets. Depending whether there are one, two, or three normal (sinus) beats between each PACs, the rhythm is called atrial bigeminy, trigeminy, or quadrigeminy. If 3 or more consecutive PACs occur in a row and at a frequency of 100 or more beats per minute, it may be called atrial tachycardia.

Treatment
Premature atrial contractions are often benign, requiring no treatment. Occasionally, the patient having the PAC will find these symptoms bothersome, in which case the doctor may treat the PACs. Sometimes the PACs can indicate heart disease or an increased risk for other cardiac arrhythmias. In this case, the underlying cause is treated. Often a beta blocker will be prescribed for symptomatic PACs.

Prognosis
In otherwise healthy patients, occasional single premature atrial contractions are a common finding and most of times do not indicate any particular health risk. Rarely, in patients with other underlying structural heart problems, PACs can trigger a more serious arrhythmia such as atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation. In otherwise healthy people, PACs usually disappear with adolescence.

Supraventricular extrasystole
A supraventricular extrasystole (SVES) is an extrasystole or premature electrical impulse in the heart, generated above the level of the ventricle. This can be either a premature atrial contraction or a premature impulse from the atrioventricular node. SVES should be viewed in contrast to a premature ventricular contraction that has a ventricular origin and the associated QRS change. Instead of the electrical impulse beginning in the sinoatrial (SA) node and propagating to the atrioventricular (AV) node, the signal is conducted both to the ventricle and back to the SA node where the signal began.

title: Premature atrial contraction


text:
Talk:Thurles

Untitled
The town is signposted as Durlas Eile on some older signposts - should this placename be included, and where does it come from?

zoney ♣ talk 22:40, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Photo links
Thanks for great photo links. --Conh 21:55, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

"See other" deletion
Why is "Baronies of Ireland" redundant, but not "Lists of towns in Ireland"? Neither is referenced in the body of the article. Yet both shed light on a higher order, of which the subject of the article is a member. The link to Barony is to the term in general, not to Ireland in particular. I think that the "See also" link should be restored. Laurel Lodged (talk) 23:34, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

Thurles (civil parish)

 * This article should contain the maps and other info contained in Thurles (civil parish). There's no need for a serparate article IMHO. Laurel Lodged (talk) 11:20, 1 October 2012 (UTC)
 * The editor who proposed this merge has also proposed several other merges relating to Thurles and neighbouring geographical areas in County Tipperary. I strongly disagree with all of them for several reasons which I will now discuss. MartinCollin (talk) 14:14, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
 * -The proposed merges relate to articles about distinct geographical areas which are hugely different in size but just happen to have similar names - for example, one proposal is to merge the article about Thurles town (which has an area of 3 or 4 square miles) with the article about Thurles poor law union (which had an area of 195 square miles and actually spread across two counties, South Tipperary and North Tipperary).
 * -Notions such as villages, townlands, civil parishes, electoral divisions, ecclesiastical parishes, poor law unions and so on are quite distinct. Distinct entities should not be merged into each other, not least because other articles will often need to refer to one entity but not to the others.
 * -The fact that two distinct entities have similar names does not make the entities identical.
 * -Merging articles which refer to different entities that happen to have the same name will cause confusion and inhibit coherent writing. For example, consider two different districts, D1 and D2, each of which happens to have the name N. Suppose that somebody merges the two articles about D1 and D2. Now suppose that somebody else wishes to discuss, say, the population history of D1. She cannot refer to the merged article. Instead, in order to make it clear that she is talking about D1 and not about D2, she will have to engage in painful circumlocutions.
 * -Badly written articles bear several stigmata, one of which is the unfortunate format "N is both a ... and a ...". For example, the article on Thurles town used to have a sentence which ran something like, "Thurles is both a town and a civil parish". This kind of semiotic confusion should be avoided. To be precise one would have to write "The word 'Thurles' is a name which refers to two distinct entities, one a town and the other a civil parish". However, even when one does that, one fails to provide references points for external articles which need to refer to one concept or the other.
 * -One could write an article which had distinct sub-sections (one for the town, one for the civil parish, another for the poor law union, and so on), so that external articles could refer to Thurles#town or Thurles#civil-parish but, even here, there are problems. It is cleaner by far to give explicit recognition to the fact that entities such Thurles town, Thurles civil parish, Thurles poor law union are distinct.

 * This merge proposal seems poorly presented. I wasn't aware that we had an article Thurles (poor law union). It certainly isn't clear from the section title above that this too is to be merged, as apparently are several others at Thurles (disambiguation). Looking forward to seeing the Thurles Poor Law Union article develop as a separate article, and likewise with other PLU articles. However, a case could be made for amalgamating the 'parish' articles into one, but not here. RashersTierney (talk) 14:44, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm glad RashersTierney agrees that the article on Thurles poor law union should not be amalgamated into the one on Thurles town. Let me make the case for not amgalgamating the articles on the civil parish and the R.C. parish. I agree that, at present, both of these articles are quite short but each has the potential to grow as more contributions arrive. Consider that the two parishes have different, although overlapping, areas. Consider, also, that they have vastly different histories. The civil parish has its roots in the tuath structure of pre-Christian Ireland, continuing on through mediaeval times to the modern era - see page 56 of Michael A. Monk and John Sheehan, Early Medieval Munster: Archaeology, History and Society, ISBN 1859181074 (1998). The post-Reformation RC parish has a very different history, one in which, I suspect the Mathew family (to which Father Mathew belonged) played a large part - apparently, a church built on the site of the current RC cathedral in the mid-1700s was paid for by a George Mathew, who was probably the George Mathew who was due the rent for the lordship of Thurles in 1744 and who appears to have died in 1760. In any case, each of these two entities has a distinct history which needs to be in Wikipedia and which, I hope, will be contributed, by other editors. (By the way, examination of the map of the civil parishes in the Thurles area reveals a mosaic of enclaves and exclaves which must have a fascinating history, one that, I hope, will be contributed by others more knowledgable than I am.) MartinCollin (talk) 09:16, 11 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I will relent on the poor law union: it's probably sufficiently different to merit its own article. However, the two parishes are not so different and can be easily amalgameted without much injury to either entity. All of the good stuff above could form a very useful section in the merged entity. I would love to hear more of same. But readers would expect parishes of the same name to be together. Re-direct pages would be created for the "losing" candidate. Laurel Lodged (talk) 15:43, 13 October 2012 (UTC)
 * For the sake of comparison it makes sense for them to be treated at a single location. If the various parish topics grow to such an extent that they merit individual articles, they can of coarse be split. RashersTierney (talk) 15:51, 13 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Two points:
 * (a) I am no longer sure what merge (or set of them) is being proposed, because LaurelLodged initially proposed several merges and discussion so far has dealt only with (i) the proposal to merge the entry for Thurles PLU into the entry for the town and (ii) the proposal to merge the entry for the civil parish into the entry for the town - although this has now seemingly morphed into a proposal to merge the civil parish with the RC parish.
 * My proposal is that the parish topics be addressed at a single article, Thurles parish. Also, the PLU article should probably be renamed to Thurles Poor Law Union. RashersTierney (talk) 11:28, 15 October 2012 (UTC)
 * (b) Let me focus on the proposal to merge the parishes. The discussion above refers to "two parishes". In fact, there are actually three parishes: the RC parish, the civil parish and the Church of Ireland parish. At various points in history, various pairs of these have been co-extensive but this has not always been true. Indeed, consider the current situation: the RC parish is still an active entity; the civil parish still exists in law but has few current administrative functions; and the Church of Ireland parish no longer exists - it has been subsumed into the Church of Ireland parish of Templemore. Indeed, the situation is even more complicated, because there are actually six parishes relevant to the discussion - in addition to the three listed above, one must consider also the parishes of Athnid (Adnith), Shyane (Templeshyane) and Rahelty. Dealign with all these six coherently in one article will be very difficulty without obscuring the fact that they have different areas and histories. To be frank, I find the assumption that it is appropriate to bury the civil parishes (and with them the C-of-I parishes) into an article on the RC parish problematic on at least two major counts. First, it does violence to the separate C-of-I tradition in Ireland, appearing to regard it as no more than a temporary abberation which is now coming to an end. Second, as somebody who grew up in the area which stretches from Templemore to Moycarkey, with many relatives still living there, I am often surprised by the fact that most people I knew and know in the area were/are oblivious to the various strands of local history and their geographic realizations on the ground. I feel that the tendency to bury C-of-I history under RC history is a major reason for this amnesia. The proposal to merge these concepts in wikipedia is, to me, a well-intentioned by disastrous continuation of a damaging tradition. MartinCollin (talk) 11:01, 15 October 2012 (UTC)
 * There is no question of the CoI parish topic being 'buried'. Each of the three entities would be dealt with under its own header, with an explanation, as you have outlined here, of the histories that made them divergent. RashersTierney (talk) 11:28, 15 October 2012 (UTC)
 * As above, I too am totally opposed to the burying of the C of I position. It's just that until the Disesablishment of the church in 1869, the CoI & civil positions were largely identical. After that date, the rate of mergers of CoI parishes was at such a dizzying pace that a map maker would have a very hard job to keep up. Any attempt to replicate this would surely involve WP:Original Research. I think that appropriate sections could be written in the merged parish article to account for the main changes and current state of play. Still not an easy task. Laurel Lodged (talk) 18:58, 15 October 2012 (UTC)

Thurles name meaning?
Thurles name meaning? Shouldn't Thurles have it's name meaning at the start like other Irish towns and villages! In Irish, Durlas Éile means "Strong Fort of Éile", or more correctly Durlas Éile Uí Fhogartaigh ("Strong Fort of the O'Fogarty's of Éile").[8] — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.149.212.25 (talk) 16:52, 26 January 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Thurles


text:
Harvey Mansfield

Harvey Claflin Mansfield Jr. (born March 21, 1932) is an American political philosopher. He was the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor of Government at Harvard University, where he taught since 1962. He has held Guggenheim and NEH Fellowships and has been a Fellow at the National Humanities Center. In 2004, he was awarded the National Humanities Medal by President George W. Bush and delivered the Jefferson Lecture in 2007.

Mansfield is a scholar of political history, and was greatly influenced by Leo Strauss. He is also the Carol G. Simon Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution of Stanford University. Mansfield is notable for his generally conservative stance on political issues in his writings. At Harvard, he became one of the university's most prominent conservative figures. In 2023, he retired from teaching as one of the university's longest-serving faculty members.

His notable former students include: Mark Blitz, James Ceaser, Tom Cotton, Andrew Sullivan, Charles R. Kesler, Alan Keyes, William Kristol, Clifford Orwin, Paul Cantor, Mark Lilla, Francis Fukuyama, Sharon Krause, Bruno Maçães, and Shen Tong.

Biography
Mansfield was born in New Haven, Connecticut, on March 21, 1932. His father, Harvey Mansfield Sr., had been editor of the American Political Science Review and was the Ruggles Professor Emeritus of Public Law and Government at Columbia University at the time of his death in 1988 at the age of 83.

Mansfield was educated at public schools before college. In 1949, he enrolled at Harvard University with a focus in studying government, receiving his Bachelor of Arts in 1953. As an undergraduate, he was a liberal who supported Adlai Stevenson in the 1952 presidential election. After graduating, Mansfield received a Fulbright Scholarship to study in England for a year. From 1954 to 1956, he served in the United States Army in Virginia and France. He returned to Harvard and received his Ph.D. in 1961. Mansfield initially began teaching at the University of California, Berkeley, for a few years before lecturing at Harvard. In 1969, he was appointed as a full professor and was chair of the university's government department from 1973 to 1976.

Mansfield was married to Delba Winthrop, with whom he co-translated and co-authored work on Tocqueville.

A Student's Guide to Political Philosophy
In his 2001 book A Student's Guide to Political Philosophy, Mansfield traces the history of political philosophy in "the great books" written by Plato, Aristotle, Locke, Rousseau, and others of the "highest rank" (1). He also finds political philosophy in practical politics, which Mansfield considers necessarily partisan, because it involves citizens "arguing passionately pro and con with advocacy and denigration, accusation and defense" (2). He argues that politics does not merely consist of liberal and conservative options, but rather, they are fundamentally opposed to each other, with each side defending its own interest as it attempts to appeal to the common good (2). Since such adversarial sides in a political dispute appeal to the common good, an observer of the dispute can use his capacity to reason to judge which side supplies the most compelling arguments. If such an observer is competent to be a judge, he or she may be thought of as a political philosopher, or as at least on the way to engaging in political philosophy (2–3).

Mansfield stresses the connection between politics and political philosophy, but he does not find political philosophy in political science, which for Mansfield is a rival to political philosophy and "apes" the natural sciences (3–5). From Mansfield's point of view, political science replaces words like "good", "just", and "noble" with other words like "utility" or "preferences." The terms are meant to be neutral, but as a result of the political scientist's purported change of role and perspective from judge to so‑called "disinterested observer", such a "scientist" is not able to determine whose arguments are the best, because he or she falls victim to relativism, which, according to Mansfield, is "a sort of lazy dogmatism" (4–5).

In his guide, Mansfield reminds students that political science rebelled from political philosophy in the seventeenth century and declared itself distinct and separate in the positivist movement of the late nineteenth century: thus, he argues in it that whereas "Today political science is often said to be 'descriptive' or 'empirical,' concerned with facts; political philosophy is called 'normative' because it expresses values. But these terms merely repeat in more abstract form the difference between political science, which seeks agreement, and political philosophy, which seeks the best" (6).

Furthermore, according to Mansfield, when people talk about the difference between political philosophy and political science, they are actually talking about two distinct kinds of political philosophy, one modern and the other ancient. The only way to understand modern political science and its ancient alternative fully, he stresses, is to enter the history of political philosophy, and to study the tradition handed down over the centuries: "No one can count himself educated who does not have some acquaintance with this tradition. It informs you of the leading possibilities of human life, and by giving you a sense of what has been tried and what is now dominant, it tells you where we are now in a depth not available from any other source" (7–8). Although modern political science feels no obligation to look at its roots, and might even denigrate the subject as if it could not be of any real significance, he says, "our reasoning shows that the history of political philosophy is required for understanding its substance" (7–8).

Taming the Prince
In his book Taming the Prince, Mansfield traces the modern doctrine of executive power to Niccolò Machiavelli. He argues that executive power had to be tamed to become compatible with liberal constitutionalism.

Western civilization
In response to multiculturalism on college campuses, Mansfield has defended the importance of preserving and teaching courses on Western civilization, even proposing a survey course that selects a dozen or so books that capture the principal themes. Mansfield believes that understanding Western civilization is important because the books that explain it deal with problems associated with the human condition.

On May 8, 2007, Mansfield delivered the 36th Jefferson Lecture ("the highest honor the federal government bestows for distinguished intellectual and public achievement in the humanities", according to the National Endowment for the Humanities, which sponsored the lecture). In his lecture, Mansfield suggests "two improvements for today’s understanding of politics arising from the humanities ... first ... to recapture the notion of thumos in Plato, and Aristotle... [and] ...second ... the use of names—proper to literature and foreign to science". This is a reference to his own philosophy, which forbids discounting the wisdom of the past simply because those who spoke it lived a long time ago.

The "strong executive"
Mansfield has argued that the President of the United States has "extra-legal powers such as commanding the military, making treaties (and carrying on foreign policy), and pardoning the convicted, not to mention a veto of legislation", observing that the U.S. Constitution does not ask the President to take an oath to execute the laws, but rather, to execute "the office of the president, which is larger." Referring to domestic surveillance, Mansfield notes:

"'Those arguing that the executive should be subject to checks and balances are wrong to say or imply that the president may be checked in the sense of stopped. The president can be held accountable and made responsible, but if he could be stopped, the Constitution would lack any sure means of emergency action.'"

He defends the separation of powers, arguing that "the executive subordinated to the rule of law is in danger of being subordinate to the legislature."

Gender roles and equality
In his 2006 book Manliness, Mansfield defended a moderately conservative understanding of gender roles, and bemoaned the loss of the virtue of manliness in a "gender neutral" society. In a New York Times interview, he defined the concept briefly as "confidence in a situation of risk. A manly man has to know what he is doing." He defines the idea in more concrete terms in the book. There, a manly man does not have to know what he is doing, but only has to act as though he does. Also in the book, Mansfield subjects the concept of manliness to a test in which he refers for support of his argument to such diverse authorities as Homer, Plato, Aristotle, Rudyard Kipling, Ernest Hemingway, and Naomi Wood. In his argument, manliness is ultimately related to assertiveness—"decisiveness without complete knowledge"—and its place in society is debated. In an interview with Bill Kristol, Mansfield said: "'What I wrote was a modest defense of manliness. And the emphasis [is] on modest because manliness can be bad as well as good. Not everyone who takes risks deserves to have them turn out right and so manliness is, I think, responsible for a lot of evil. You can say that terrorists are manly, they’re willing to risk their lives and give their lives for a principle they believe in or a point they believe in.'"

Manliness was criticized by the philosopher and law scholar Martha Nussbaum in the June 22, 2006, issue of The New Republic. Nussbaum accuses Mansfield of misreading, or failing to read, many feminist and nonfeminist texts, in addition to the ancient Greek and Roman classics he cites. She argues that his book is based on overt misogynistic assumptions that take a position of indifference towards violence against women. Mansfield asserts, she contends, that a woman can resist rape only with the aid of "a certain ladylike modesty enabling her to take offense at unwanted encroachment."

Concerning controversial comments by former President of Harvard, Lawrence Summers, about mental differences between men and women, Mansfield said that it is "probably true" that women "innately have less capacity than men at the highest level of science...It's common sense if you just look at who the top scientists are".

LGBT rights
In 1993, Mansfield testified on behalf of Colorado's Amendment 2, which amended the state constitution to prevent gays, lesbians and bisexuals from pursuing legal claims of discrimination. In his testimony, he argued that being gay "is not a life that makes for happiness," that homosexuality is "shameful," and that by not being able to have children gay people were not "socially responsible." Nussbaum, who testified in the same trial against Amendment 2, later remarked that Mansfield's source for his claim that gay and lesbian people were unhappy was not contemporary social science research but the great books of the Western tradition (Plato, Tocqueville, Rousseau, etc.).

Grades and affirmative action
Mansfield has voiced criticism of grade inflation at Harvard University and claims it is due in part to affirmative action, but says he cannot show its causal effect. Critics have shown that grade inflation predates any significant presence of black students at Harvard. In November 1997, Mansfield participated in a debate on affirmative action between Cornel West and Michael Sandel (arguing for affirmative action) with Ruth Wisse and himself (arguing against affirmative action). The debate attracted a "massive audience" of a thousand Harvard students, requiring its campus venue to be changed twice before it could take place in Harvard's Sanders Theater, prompting Professor Sandel to comment, "'This puts to rest the myth that this generation has a political apathy, and apathy to political debates.'" In 2013, Mansfield, after hearing from a dean that "the most frequent grade is an A", claimed to give students two grades: one for their transcript, and the one he thinks they deserve. He commented, "I didn’t want my students to be punished by being the only ones to suffer for getting an accurate grade".

In response to grade inflation, according to Harvard Crimson, Mansfield revived the "ironic" (or the "inflated") grade in 2006, in order to let his students know what they really deserved in his class without causing them harm by grading them lower than the other professors at Harvard: "In Mansfield’s 'true and serious' grading system, 5 percent of students will receive A’s, and 15 percent will receive A-minuses. But Mansfield won’t share those marks with anyone other than his teaching fellows and students. ... By contrast, Mansfield’s 'ironic' grade—the only one that will appear on official transcripts—will follow average grade distribution in the College, with about a quarter of students receiving A’s and another quarter receiving A-minu[s]es"; in contrast, their privately received deserved "real" (lower) grades usually centered around a C or C-minus, earning him the nickname "Harvey C-minus Mansfield." "This [grading] policy—meant to demonstrate the causes and effects of grade inflation—drew heat from students and faculty, and attracted national media attention." Mansfield himself has joked that his middle initial "C." stands for compassion: "That's what I lack when it comes to grading." In an interview with the Hoover Institution, Mansfield claimed that college professors are too quick to label students as exceptional.

Books

 * Statesmanship and Party Government: A Study of Burke and Bolingbroke. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965.
 * The Spirit of Liberalism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978.
 * Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1979. Rpt. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001.
 * Thomas Jefferson: Selected Writings. Ed. and introd. Wheeling, IL: H. Davidson, 1979.
 * Selected Letters of Edmund Burke. Ed. with introd. entitled "Burke's Theory of Political Practice". Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.
 * The Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power. New York: The Free Press, 1989.
 * America's Constitutional Soul. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.
 * Machiavelli’s Virtue. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
 * A Student’s Guide to Political Philosophy. Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2001.
 * Manliness. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.
 * Tocqueville: A Very Short Introduction. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Translations

 * The Prince, by Niccolò Machiavelli. Introd. 2nd (corr.) ed. 1985; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. (Inc. glossary.)
 * Florentine Histories, by Niccolò Machiavelli. Ed. and introd. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988. (Co-trans. and co-ed., Laura F. Banfield.)
 * Discourses on Livy, by Niccolò Machiavelli. Introd. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. (Co-trans., Nathan Tarcov.)
 * Democracy in America, by Alexis de Tocqueville. Introd. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. (Co-trans., Delba Winthrop.)

Awards and honors

 * Guggenheim Fellowship (1970–71)
 * National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship (1974–75)
 * Member of the Council of the American Political Science Association (1980–82, 2004)
 * Fellow of the National Humanities Center (1982)
 * Member of the USIA's Board of Foreign Scholarships (1987–89)
 * Member of the National Council on the Humanities (1991–94)
 * Joseph R. Levenson Teaching Award (1993)
 * President of the New England Historical Association (1993–94)
 * Sidney Hook Memorial Award (2002)
 * National Humanities Medal (2004)
 * 36th Jefferson Lecture for the National Endowment for the Humanities (2007)

Media appearances

 * "Harvey Mansfield on the Neil Gorsuch Confirmation Hearings," Conversations with Bill Kristol, April 24, 2017.
 * "Harvey Mansfield on Donald Trump and Political Philosophy," Conversations with Bill Kristol, December 19, 2016.
 * "Harvey Mansfield on mysteries, Wodehouse, Wilson, Churchill, and Swift," Conversations with Bill Kristol, September 25, 2016.
 * "Harvey Mansfield on America's Constitutional Soul," Conversations with Bill Kristol, July 31, 2016.
 * "Harvey Mansfield on Manliness," Conversations with Bill Kristol, May 8, 2016.
 * "Harvey Mansfield on Alexis de Tocqueville's "Democracy in America" Conversations with Bill Kristol, June 15, 2019.

title: Harvey Mansfield


text:
Srikantadatta Narasimharaja Wadiyar

Srikanthadattā Narasimharājā Wadiyar (20 February 1953 – 10 December 2013) was an Indian royal, politician, and fashion designer, who served as Member of Parliament from Mysore. He was the son of Maharaja Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar, the last king of Mysore.

As a fashion designer, Wadiyar promoted the sale of Mysore silk saris under his brand Royal Silk of Mysore. In the second half of the 20th century, the southern Indian silk industry was revived, and Mysore State became a top silk producer in India under his great-uncle Maharaja Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV's reign. After his demise, he was succeeded by his grandnephew Yaduveer Wadiyar as the head of the Wadiyar dynasty.

Early life
Srikantadatta Narasimharaja Wadiyar was born on 20 February 1953 as the only son of Maharaja Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar and his second wife Maharani Tripura Sundari Devi. He had five sisters: Princesses Gayatri Devi, Meenakshi Devi, Kamakshi Devi, Indrakshi Devi, and, the youngest Vishalakshi Devi.

Wadiyar succeeded his father as the head of the Wadiyar dynasty after his father's death on 9 September 1974 and continued the traditional customs of the royal family including Mysore Dasara from 1974 until his own demise on 10 December 2013. He was succeeded by Prince Yaduveer Wadiyar.

Education
Wadiyar studied at the private Palace Royal School and completed his secondary school education in 1967. He took horse-riding lessons from the Government Riding School, Mysore. Wadiyar had a British and an Anglo-Indian nanny who groomed him. A Mr. Watsa was a mentor to him during his formative years.

He joined Maharaja's College, Mysore, in 1968 to pursue his one-year pre-university course and later earned a degree in Bachelor of Arts in 1972, pursuing it from 1969 to 1972, majoring in the English literature and political science. Wadiyar's minor subject was sociology. His second language was Kannada, tutored by Prof. K. Venkataramappa. He did his master's degree in political science at Manasa Gangotri, University of Mysore, from 1972 to 1974. He studied a course in law as an open-university student.

Wadiyar also studied Western classical music and Carnatic classical music. In his youth, he had studied the Vedas as well. He was awarded a gold medal for securing the first rank in Master of Arts in Political Science.

Throughout his college career, Wadiyar was a cricketer, like many Indian kings and princes, and had a collection of cricket bats signed by international test cricket players. Wadiyar's love of cricket led him to captain his university's team and later prompted his involvement in leading the Karnataka State Cricket Association as its president.

Political career
Wadiyar was a longtime member of the Indian National Congress (INC) party. He participated six times in elections for Member of Parliament representing Mysore. He won four time as a member of the INC, and lost twice; once as a Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) candidate and once as an INC candidate.

In 1984, Wadiyar first stood for Lok Sabha elections on an Indian National Congress ticket and defeated the independent candidate K. P. Shantamurthy. He joined the BJP in 1991, but lost the elections badly to Chandraprabha Urs of the INC. He moved back to the INC, and won Lok Sabha elections in 1996 and 1999, but lost the 2004 elections.

Personal life

Wadiyar was married to Pramoda Devi from the Bettada Kote Urs branch. She is a post-graduate in Hindi. The couple had no children.

He celebrated the royal tradition of Mysore Dasara by performing all the rituals which were conducted by his forefathers—the rulers of the Kingdom of Mysore. He conducted a khasagi (special) durbar during the Dasara festivities, where he ascended the golden throne at the Amba Vilas Hall of the Mysore Palace. Although he never had any legal or official title related to his role as head of the royal family, people referred to him with respect and endearment as 'Maharaja'.

Atheism
Wadiyar said in an interview that he was an atheist for a brief period. He then resumed his Hindu theistic principles.

Death
On 10 December 2013, Wadiyar died from cardiac arrest aged 60 at Vikram Hospital, Bangalore. He was cremated with full state honours at Madhu Vana, the burial ground of the royal family, at Mysore. On the day of his demise, the city of Mysore shut its business voluntarily in respect. The presiding chief minister Siddaramaiah declared a two-day mourning ceremony and a state government holiday. In addition, lightings of Mysore Palace were suspended for thirteen days as a symbol of grief. He was survived and mourned by his wife Pramoda Devi.

Wadiyar died without an heir; during the royal Dasara celebrations of 2014, his nephew Chaduranga Kantharaj Urs performed the rituals while the "khasagi" (private) durbar was conducted by placing the "pattada katti" (royal sword) on the throne.

On 23 February 2015, Pramoda Devi Wadiyar adopted Yaduveer Wadiyar as her son, making him the new head of the dynasty and posthumously Wadiyar's adoptive son. She conducted his anointment ceremony, thereby delegating him to conduct and continue the royal family customs and traditions.

Legacy
The Karnataka State Cricket Association, of which Wadiyar was elected president just a few days before his death, named the Karnataka Premier League tournament after him. The University of Mysore renamed the Gangotri Glades Cricket Ground, earlier known as the University Platinum Jubilee Cricket Stadium, in Srikantadatta Wadiyar's memory. A sand sculpture of Srikantadatta Wadiyar was etched. A wax sculpture of his like was also created by wax-sculptor Shreeji Bhaskaran.

In 2014, India Posts issued a special cover depicting the private durbar of Srikantadatta Wadiyar.

title: Srikantadatta Narasimharaja Wadiyar


text:
Roy Price

Roy Price (1967) is a former Amazon.com executive. He worked for over 13 years at Amazon, where he founded Amazon Video and Amazon Studios. He was suspended in 2017 over sexual harassment claims that were never legally charged. He is a former Disney executive, and is a former McKinsey consultant. Roy has developed 16 patented technologies, and his developed television series have won 12 Best Series awards from the Golden Globes and Emmys.

Family and education
Price has been described as being from "Hollywood royalty." His mother, Katherine Crawford, was an actress known for Riding with Death (1976), A Walk in the Spring Rain (1970) and Gemini Man (1976). His father, Frank Price, held a number of Hollywood executive positions including head of Universal TV in the 1970s; President, and later Chairman and CEO, of Columbia Pictures; and president of Universal Pictures. His maternal grandfather, Roy Huggins, created and produced TV shows like The Fugitive, The Rockford Files and Maverick.

Price graduated from Phillips Academy Andover and Harvard University, and later attended USC Gould School of Law.

Career
From 1989 to 1990 Price worked as a film set assistant, specifically, "third assistant camera" during the Fiji shooting of Return to the Blue Lagoon (1991). From 1990 to 1992, Price worked as a financial analyst at Allen & Company.

From 1993 to 2000, Price was the Vice President of Creative Affairs for Disney TV Animation. Price developed or supervised TV series including Recess (1997), Pepper Ann (1997), Hercules (1998), Timon & Pumbaa (1995), Buzz Lightyear of Star Command (2000), The Weekenders (2000), and Emmy and BAFTA winner Teacher's Pet (2000). Also, several animated films and direct to videos including Recess: School's Out (2001), Tarzan & Jane and Mickey's House of Villains.

After his time with Disney, Price worked as a consultant for McKinsey from 2000–2002, a global management consulting firm that serves a broad mix of private, public and social sector institutions.

From 2003 to 2004, Price operated out of Price Entertainment (his father's studio established in the late 80s) and acted as a business consultant to media companies.

From 2004 to 2009, Price worked as a Group Product manager, director, and Amazon Video on Demand. He launched Amazon Video in 2008 and Amazon Studios in 2010. From 2009–2014, Price also worked as Director of Amazon Video on Demand. From 2014–2017, Price was head of Amazon Studios, and VP for Prime Video.

In 2017, Amazon producer Isa Dick Hackett told The Hollywood Reporter that Price, then the programming chief at Amazon, had sexually harassed her in 2015. Hackett also alleged that Price had failed to take action when another actress, Rose McGowan, told him she was sexually assaulted by producer Harvey Weinstein. After the claims were published, Amazon suspended Price, and on October 17, 2017, he resigned his position at Amazon. About a month after leaving Amazon, Price moved permanently to Hong Kong where he founded an art management and consulting firm called International Art Machine, in November 2017.

Price's career was described as "unconventional", and as "irreverent, puckish and infinitely bolder than most Hollywood execs".

title: Roy Price


text:
Talk:Hubble Flow

AfD
Why does this article even exist? It is superseded by the much better article Hubble expansion.

P.S. short history of rapid fire events leading up to the AfD: ---CH (talk) 01:45, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) I noticed edits by User:Worldtraveller which I thought much more misleading that previous version by User:RJHall.
 * 2) I reverted to previous version.
 * 3) I attempted to improve wording of that version.
 * 4) I discovered the preexisting article.
 * 5) I decided this one says nothing not said better in the existing article, so AfD'd this rather than proposing a merger.

Agree w/ CH. The AfD page argued that there should be two articles, not one; so here's what I said there:

The article on Hubble expansion should define what the Hubble flow is, and clearly explain what the difference is. (I personally have no clue as to what the difference is, and having two articles that seem to be talking about the same thing doesn't help me or most enyone else.) If there comes a day when the article one Hubble expansion has an incredibly long section on Hubble flow, then it will merit a split into two distinct articles. Splitting prematurely, however, only leads to chaos, as multiple editors make almost the same, but conflicting/confusing edits in related artciles, resulting in a nasty mess. I've seen this far too often in the math articles; it can and should be avoided in this case. linas 22:03, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Articles for Deletion debate
This article survived an Articles for Deletion debate. The discussion can be found here ('no consenses' - should not rule out a merge or redirect). -Doc (?) 10:32, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Hubble flow is not a standard term
In the archived AfD discussion, User:Worldtraveller claims that Hubble flow is the more commonly used term in the astronomical literature.  However, no-one else seems to think that. Indeed, I consulted two standard recent cosmology textbooks, Peacock, Cosmological Physics and Peebles, Principles of Physical Cosmology, and neither of these even list these terms in the index! Therefore, I think there is no question that Worldtraveller is wrong about this.

I myself wrote most of the current version of Hubble flow before noticing the much better existing article, Hubble expansion. I still think that Hubble flow is redundant. User:Worldtraveller, please put whatever you think is lacking into the existing article (in a carefully chosen place so as not to disrupt the flow) and delete this one. ---CH (talk) 03:41, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

About the outcome of the AfD: it seems absurd that even I, who wrote most of the current version of the existing article, think it should be merged with the much better Hubble expansion article, except that I think there is really nothing to be merged here. So I feel this article should have been deleted, contrary to the outcome of the AfD. Weird, huh? ---CH (talk) 22:09, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Delete or renominate for AfD?
Since I am the author of the present version, which has been largely untouched for some weeks now, and since (as recounted above) after creating this version I realized there is a far superior existing article Hubble expansion which makes this stub entirely superfluous, can I simply delete it myself? Or is it too soon to renominate it for AfD? ---CH (talk) 16:20, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

 * We don't want to delete Hubble Flow. Deletion should be limited to titles that should not exist on WP.  This is a low traffic article, and there were only four responses to the AfD, and only one vote to keep.  If there is material here worthy of saving it should be merged into Hubble's law.  Since the author doesn't seem to think there is, the article title simply needs to be redirected to Hubble's law.  I will do this shortly if there is no objection.  --Blainster 21:41, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hubble Flow


text:
User talk:Numonohi

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. --Hottenot

 * What in the world are you talking about? How is writing an article about "Numonohi" considered vandalism? Do you know anything about Numonohi? Have you ever been to Papua New Guinea? Have you ever read anything about PNG? I admit, this article needs work, it's just a stub. It needs resources and references. But it's a start. Please don't be obtuse and rude by calling my work "nonsense". Chadwick Meyer

title: User talk:Numonohi


text:
User:Gement

I can be found under the handle Gement in a number of online environments if you're looking for me.

Edits
I am a frequent user but only an occasional editor of Wikipedia. If I edit an article it's usually because I was reading it for research and was irked by a phrasing or missed fact.

Vandalism
The first Wikipedia article I ever read (Rosetta Stone) had a teeny little vandalism about the Egyptians being dropped off by aliens. It was gone within an hour. I thought this was fascinating.

The day I created my account, someone apparently vandalized this page, but it was caught immediately by Chanting Fox. Thanks, dude.

Links
I don't use enough of them. It's that hassly citing sources thing, and I'm working on it. The joys of grad school mean that my attention is somewhat divided, however.

title: User:Gement


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National Presto Industries

National Presto Industries is a company founded in 1905 in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Originally called "Northwestern Steel and Iron Works" the company changed its name to the "National Pressure Cooker Company" in 1929 and then National Presto Industries, Inc. 1953. The company originally produced pressure canners for commercial, and later home, use. Beginning in 1939, the company introduced small home-use cooking appliances. The company was admitted to the New York Stock Exchange on March 3, 1969.

Background
The company is divided into three business segments (divisions), Housewares/Small Appliance; Defense; and Safety. The Housewares/Small Appliance segment "designs and sells small household appliances", including pressure cookers, under the Presto brand. The Defense segment produces ordnance and ammunition products. The Safety Segment consists of two startups. The first is Rusoh, Inc., which designs and markets the Rusoh® Eliminator® fire extinguisher, the first self-service fire extinguisher. The second is OneEvent Technologies, Inc. It offers systems that provide early warning of conditions that could ultimately lead to significant losses.

Having previously divested itself of almost all operations and having closed its defense operations in 1992, the company was a small household appliance seller. In 2001, with the purchase of AMTEC, the company returned to the defense business. In 2007, Presto won, in appeal, against the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission over investment status. The company does not have to register as a mutual fund.

title: National Presto Industries


text:
Talk:Okie

Untitled
Should we mention that most of the Okies were of mixed ethnic backround?

Why not?

well for one thing there aren't any hard statistics to back my assertion.

However since many Oklahomans at the time were Indians and the one who weren't were often hiding their mixed race backround it stands to reason many Okies were of mixed blood. grazon 01:00, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Oklahoma is one of the most Native American (Indian) populated states and no surprise they formed a large percentage of "Okies" whom came to California and for other states (major cities of the Northwest, Midwest and Northeast). Today, you may find Cherokee and Choctaw communities in California and elsewhere, whom try hard not only to completely assimilate (in which they had, but are victims of racism as a minority group), they try to keep their Native American culture alive in an urban setting. I've checked out the Oklahoma article on the percentage of blacks or African Americans and they are only 8 percent, but some deragatory comments on Okies are the mixed race underclass is a ridiculous statement, but I'm aware those things being said came from a more racially tense time like the 1930's. + Mike D 26 22:00, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

 * that sounds like a very 1990's interpretation of history. you seem to imply that okies were only "oppressed" because of their "race," rather than being dirt poor economic migrants. i know it can be hard to believe since it contradicts political correctness, but being "colored" is not necessarily a prerequisite for oppression. poor whites can be "oppressed" too.

 * and where are you getting this all oklahomans are "indians"? the sooners, settlers, etc who became the failed dust bowl farmers  were "white." remember, they they took the land that was meant to be a giant reservation.

 * 75.69.133.211 (talk) 17:30, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

 * As a grandson of an "okie", my grandfather was born/raised in Osage County, Oklahoma north of Tulsa in the 1920s (later to relocate to Kern County, California near the town of Arvin at age 13) when he and his family aren't born US citizens, but waited until federal law changed in 1925 to grant all American Indians (less than half Caucasian) on reservations their citizenship rights.

In the 1930s he spoke of a time when American Indians like his parents (his mom is full-blooded, his father 1/4th) are legally discriminated despite the New Deal could helped them except tribes were exempt from the program, limited to field work due to limited educational opportunities and threatened by incidents of violence by the KKK. Racism (if they were black or Indian) and classism (what poor whites faced) have affected those farm laborers to a point of desperation to leave Oklahoma and nearby states to start lives anew.

I said the "Okies" experienced levels of prejudice by Californians for being poor, rural and Southern, but they questioned a large number of them had American Indian ancestry and this puts them in a disadvantage. The "Okies" learned what it was like to be a cultural minority, and my grandpa worked in the fields aside Filipinos, Mexicans, Armenians and African Americans in the multi racial Central Valley and later he moved to Los Angeles in the outbreak of WWII, he turned 18 and signed up in the US Marines to better himself and completed his education (he dropped out in the 6th grade). + Mike D 26 (talk) 15:57, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 31 August 2020 and 19 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Hyde317.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 05:37, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Norfolk
The same person who made this edit also made this edit. I have reverted it. —Ashley Y 03:12, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

 * His edits are worthless and don't hold any truth, but he/she could take the edit to the Norfolk, UK article. Okie is indeed used in a positive way by many Oklahomans in the state, but the second edit meant to insult Americans in general is uncalled for. In California, some Okie descendants when they visited L.A. or San Francisco alleged to have encountered negative jokes, comments and stereotypes about their "redneck" or "white trash" heritage by the urban locals. There's a vicious canard going around that Okies are either racists (klansmen or skinheads), oil-rich capitalists, cowboy-like bible thumpers, inbred shack dwellers or gun-toting homophobes, are based on popular stereotypes of rural whites from the Southern or Central regions. I'm worried on the rise of prejudice against lower-income people from rural areas or any "red states", since it became fashionable and more acceptable to make fun of Okies instead of let's say, Gays and Jews and the disabled...and the image of a white turnip-truck right-wing hick is less controversial than to crudely depict black people in the mass media. So far, Okie is a good word but all depends on how it's used in comedy or satire, like for Jeff Foxworthy's regular standup routine is far from what the Beverly Hillbillies accused of defamation of Okies living in a wealthy community in the 1960s. It's not right to make fun of people for their race, religion, nationality, appearance or income class, but there's a whole other standard in how most people kindly use the term Okie.  + Mike D 26 22:11, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Modern Usage
The term Okie has simply grown to be viewed less derogatorily. It's not that the people in Oklahoma are ignorant of its roots... I'd know, I'm from Oklahoma...--CountCrazy007 01:30, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. I've been an "Okie" (from Oklahoma) all my life.  It's not an insult, it's just a diminutive.  Modern informal American English favors shorter words.  It's okay, don't lose any sleep over it...  And by the way, responding to the "okie from Muskogee" thing below:  Did you actually pay attention to the lyrics to that song?  They don't seem so insulting to me.  Bouncey (talk) 23:15, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Other Oklahomans would disagree with you, however, and say it's quite the opposite. User:Charlietwohats added most/all of the contributions about it, and seemed quite adamant about his experience with it. I dampened the tone he put in a bit, but I'm a Jersey boy and am largely ignorant of its actual use (and so can't speak with any sort of authority on the issue). Feel free to remove it entirely if you like; I certainly won't object. --Xanzzibar 01:47, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

I don't know where in Oklahoma CountCrazy could be from but he is very very wrong. I am from Oklahoma, live there & polled some 20 + people on this. the only ones who did NOT consider it insulting were 2 young women who moved just across the line in Texas. After the origin was explained to them they were very embarassed.

No one else would as they state ever consider using it to describe themselves. As one not-so-gentleman said. "I'll stomp your ass if you call me that!"

Saying it is is a simple derivation is like saying Nigger is just a variant of Niger (river). A few people misusing a term (deliberately?) does not excuse a reference for attempting to change meanings.

Having been in music business, I can assure you that Merle Haggard's song "okie from Muskogee" was in intent sole degrogatory and an act of his personal revenge on the town that treated him & other rural people shabbily. Just note the lyrics, they are mostly insulting.

I feel that as shown above in that discussion that if you are removing comments by people that disagree with your 1984 "newspeak" then you are dong a major disservice.

Can I remove countCrazy's demeaning remarks now? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Modern man (talk • contribs)

The famous "paradox" is a great quote, and very humourous, but it is in no way a paradox.

 * Easy, tiger. Wanting to remove something because you don't agree that it's accurate isn't revisionism. People delete things all the time because they dispute its veracity. This isn't any different. Different people have obviously experienced different feelings regarding the word, and so we need to work around that. Informal surveys are of no help (Wiki policy on "no original research"), and there's apparently no general consensus at the moment, so we'll need to find other resources to validate these claims. --Xanzzibar 20:39, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Whoever says Okie in comedy at this time isn't breaking a social more or unwritten rule on what term is prejudicial or offensive. But to walk up to somebody in Bakersfield, Fresno or any part of the Central valley, California and shout "you stupid okie" is what some people worry about is (once again) passively tolerated. It's not like calling black people racial slurs or in California where large Hispanic and Asian communities protested against their racial slurs "beaner", "wetback", "chink" and "gook" attacked them for many decades. The current usage of Okie fits in the category of anti-immigrant terms used in New York city or New England in the turn of the 20th century: you may heard of the terms "wop", "guinee", "mick" and "polack" lost it's edginess after the 1950's. There's now a psychological trick used by some Okies to call upper-income urbanites from L.A., Southern Cal. or the Bay Area all sorts of names: "OCies" are initials of "Orange County" since Okies is somehow a code word for "Originated-Kern county". I'm amazed on the fact lots of "yuppies" and "native Californians" have relatives such as Okies and Arkies from the Midwest and Southern states, aren't anywhere near of a "middle American" cultural persuasion. What if they drove to "Okie towns" Tulare, Madera, Salinas, Stockton, Yuba city...or the farm valleys of Santa Maria, Antelope and Imperial known for harboring large numbers of Okie migrant labor in the '30s? Would they explore their family origins/roots or try hard to avoid or ignore it out of classist/regional embarrassment?..and what does it mean in California, where millions of immigrants from Mexico, Central America, the Vietnamese, Filipinos, Armenians, and other countries had recently settled reminding us of how the Okies came to the state before them?...they had to move in order to work and survive...and some residents didn't want them there, hated them, threatened them and blamed them for local problems. It's a repeated tale told alot in the history of immigration and class struggle in America. + Mike D 26 22:24, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Modern Usage II
The veracity of the following paragraph is highly suspect to me. At the very least, any time I see a sentence beginning with "It has been said that" I think weasel words.

Being an Oklahoma native, I've been told that in actuality surprisingly few Okies ever really went west to California. Obviously, that's a poor reference so I've merely marked the paragraph as needing citations.

 * It has been said that some Oklahomans who stayed and lived through the Dust Bowl see the Okie migrants as being quitters who fled Oklahoma; but there is hardly a native Oklahoman who does not have some family member who made the trip. Most Oklahoma natives are as proud of their Okies who made good in California as are the Okies themselves—and of the Arkies, West Texans, and others who were cast in with them.

Bantosh (talk) 21:49, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I don’t know where you get your information but, per US Census Bureau population estimates, Oklahoma lost 360,000 citizens between 1931 and 1944 (from 2,403,000 in 1931 to 2,043,000 in 1944), or 14.98% of its population. Oklahoma also had 618,519 births and 284,591 deaths in this same period which should have increased the population by 333,928. So the actual population loss was closer to 700,000 (693,928 or 28.87 %). Decimation, by definition, is a 10% loss, so Oklahoma was more than decimated during the Dirty Thirties. This diaspora devastated Oklahoma's agriculture, industry, government, economy, and culture, and Oklahoma did not recover for many decades. Also, if you will recall, J.C. Kennedy and his Democratic cronies called the Okies quitters and much worse during the Bartlett campaign. SpudDuck (talk) 06:11, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

 * My compliments. Although looking up decimated, it would appear that since neither 1 out of every 10 men was selected by lot and killed nor was a 10% tax levied, that by that definition Oklahoma wasn't decimated, ha ha.

 * Anyway, looking at the offending paragraph again, what does it have to do with "Modern Usage"? I'm removing it. Bantosh (talk) 22:45, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I have a question in regards to the article's source #6:

^ Windschuttle, "Steinbeck's Myth of the Okies": "Unfortunately for the reputation of the author John Steinbeck, however, there is now an accumulation of sufficient historical, demographic, and climatic data about the 1930s to show that almost everything about the elaborate picture created in the novel The Grapes of Wrath is either outright false or exaggerated beyond belief." What a bunch of right-wing revisionism to deny the truth. Okies fled Oklahoma for economic reasons when their states' economies nearly collapsed in the 1930s. I read a passage on "US States information: Oklahoma" in the 1996 Universal Almanac about the large number of farm owners were "transplants from New England mostly of businessmen in the agricultural trade, returned without much economic loss" or something like the outward migration wasn't severe like it was widely reported in the news media at the time. The farm owners might not been severely affected, but farm workers had experienced a declined standard of living during the dust bowl, great depression and the US government's failure to provide proper assistance to farmers of the Great Plains and Southeast states. + Mike D 26 (talk) 16:14, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

Ambiguations
In an ironic note, "Okie" is also a nickname for Okinawans coming from the island of Okinawa after world war II. It is held to be usually offensive for them and the co-related Japanese people. From 1945 to 1972, Okinawa was ruled by an U.S. Administration following Japan's surrender and was included in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, until Okinawa was returned to Japan.

What's more interesting is the Okinawans and Japanese-Americans have been blending in with the Cherokee Indian community in California in the early half of 20th century. In the L.A. suburb of Torrance, the Cherokee-Japanese are a result of the close contact of two different yet similar in experience ethnic groups to form a new community of Asian-Americans who sometimes held Cherokee Indian tribal membership.

I'm fully aware of not all Asians are Japanese, "Okies" are Cherokee Indians and the two ethnic-national groups (Okies are US Americans) had evolved separately, but cultural anthropologists study how an ethnic group comes in contact with another to eventually merge in a generation (i.e. Jew-talians, Irish Franco-Canadiens, Nuyo-ricans as Puerto Ricans with African-American ancestry, Punjabi Mexican Americans, etc.) whenever they began to assimilate in a new land. + 71.102.7.77 (talk) 20:47, 22 November 2009 (UTC)

Added to the Oklahoma Wiki Project
I am ASTOUNDED that this article had not yet been added to the Oklahoma Wiki Project! Wow! Well, that has now been fixed.

As for the pejorative use of the word "Okie," per Wiki policy, I will do some objective research and see what I can find. Since I expect to find two or more major points of view, I will present, link, note, and cite them. ProfessorPaul 02:00, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

Trivia
I disagree with the description of the Will Rogers intelligence quote as a paradox. If Oklahomans of below average intelligence (for Oklahoma) left, Oklahoma's average intelligence would rise. If these same people were more intelligent than the average Californian, then their arrival would also raise the average intelligence of California. I believe the intent of the quote was basically to say that on average, Oklahomans are more intelligent than Californians. It also implies that those who stayed in Oklahoma were more intelligent than those who left. This Okie doesn't think it's a paradox. 137.240.136.81 17:37, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

Removed edit: Rural white and American Indian farmers of Oklahoma, and from the Southern and Central states had been relocating to the Northeast and west coast since the 1850s, but the "Okie" migration of the 1930s brought in over a million new displaced residents to California's Central valley and major cities bucked the trend. Whenever any edit is unsourced, this will happen...but sounds true about the history of farm laborers often moved into the urban areas throughout U.S. and world histories. 71.102.21.238 (talk) 09:43, 3 June 2012 (UTC)
 * well it's not true. The Indians did not relocate to west coast or Northeast. Very few people from "Southern and Central states" went to the Northeast at any time. There were not many whites leaving Oklahoma before 1920. It's just a garbled mess of mistakes,. Rjensen (talk) 10:13, 3 June 2012 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Okie P47 logo.png
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BetacommandBot (talk) 00:48, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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is this a xenophobic?
Given that this was used within the USA, could it be said that it is xenophobic with regards to internal migration, akin to saying "go back to oklahoma"?2607:F5F0:110:1:0:0:0:61 (talk) 00:40, 30 October 2020 (UTC)

First paragraph lacks any citation.
Find citations to support the claims about “Arkie” or remove the sentence. 2601:602:9A00:4D0:CC8E:C117:530D:D5E2 (talk) 05:03, 16 January 2022 (UTC)
 * The first paragraph is the lede, which as a summary of the rest of the article does not need sources because everything it discusses should be sourced in the rest of the article. There are occasions (many, in fact) where this is not adhered to, but it still remains that so long as a claim in the lede is discussed further down, there is no need to show the source first.
 * This is true in this case - the Great Depression usage section states The migrants included people from Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, Colorado and New Mexico, but were all referred to as "Okies" and "Arkies."   and includes a source.  More could possibly be found, but it is sourced.  Chaheel Riens (talk) 08:22, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Okie


text:
Independent candidates in the 1990 Manitoba provincial election

There were several Independent candidates in the 1990 Manitoba provincial election. Information about these candidates may be found on this page.

Point Douglas: William Hawryluk
William Hawryluk was a perennial candidate for political office in Winnipeg. He received 108 votes (2.0%), finishing fourth against New Democratic Party candidate George Hickes.

Point Douglas: Roy Price
Roy Price was a businessman, civic activist and perennial candidate in north-end Winnipeg. He was the owner of Harmony Music, and served as president of the Norquay Community Centre in 1991.

Price opposed several social outreach programs in north-end Winnipeg, claiming that they brought unwelcome persons into the region. He spoke out against a Christian mission soup kitchen for this reason in 1998, and subsequently opposed a needle exchange program. In 1994, he complained about "satanic and obscene" graffiti in Winnipeg's subway system.

He first ran for the Manitoba legislature in the 1988 provincial election, in the constituency of St. Johns. He received 68 votes, finishing fifth against New Democratic Party incumbent Judy Wasylycia-Leis. He received 66 votes (1.3%) in 1990, finishing fifth against NDP candidate George Hickes. Price also campaigned for the Winnipeg School Board in 1992, 1995 and 1998, and lost all times.

Price died on March 4, 2002, at age 71.

Wellington: Walter Diawol
Walter Diawol (died November 1994) was a gadfly candidate for public office in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He was a junk collector, and fought an extended battle with the City of Winnipeg over his failure to clean up his property. The city removed his garbage collection (over his objections) in 1985, 1986, 1987 and 1993, and took title of his house on the last occasion. A newspaper report indicates that Winnipeg officials needed "nine five-ton truckloads and three garbage truckloads to clear his property of dead batteries, scrap wood, broken lawn chairs, broken TVs and headboards and box springs" in the July 1993 cleanup. Diawol was not forced to leave the house, however, and continued to reside there until his death in 1994. When questioned, Diawol said that junk was his hobby.

Wellington: Stephen Keki
Stephen Keki ran for political office at the federal, provincial and municipal levels four times between 1986 and 1990. He identified himself as a meat processor during the 1988 federal election.


text:
Talk:Ronald Ray Howard

Untitled
In reply to User:Rmhermen edit summary question about hollow points and why they were significant, I'll just say I don't know the first thing about guns. I was just going on the offender summary from the Attorney General's media advisory which mentioned the ammunition. Evil Monkey∴Hello 22:46, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Suggest rewrite of "On July 14, 1993 he was convicted of capital murder and sentenced to death" He was convicted on June 8, 1993, but sentenced on July 14. This should be rewritten to clarify this. Epicidiot 04:19, 6 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Fixed. But remember, the most important rule of Wikipedia is to be bold :-) Evil Monkey - Hello 04:22, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

"When Davidson approached the driver-side window of the car, he was shot in the neck. Howard drove off but was apprehended later in the night, with a 9 mm pistol."

He was apprehended with a 9mm or did he shoot the officers neck with a 9mm

title: Talk:Ronald Ray Howard


title: File:Chicago19.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Darkain

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. -Doc (?) 10:36, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Darkain
nn bio. 202.156.6.62 22:47, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Weak Keep Quite a few Googles for   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   22:58, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Largely involved in Winamp scene as well as Nintendo DS scene. Article to be expanded regarding his  scene involvement and projects rather than his person life. Xnolanx 23:35, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. -Greg Asche (talk) 00:46, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep per above Justin Bacon 01:42, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Darkain deserves recognition for his work in the Nintendo DS scene alone. Deltro 11:42, 8 October 2005 (GMT -6:00)
 * Keep per above.  Rob e  rt  17:39, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Darkain


text: User talk:70.128.58.87

title: User talk:70.128.58.87


text:
User:Private Butcher/Voting

 * Support=Support
 * Oppose=Oppose
 * Neutral=Neutral
 * Keep=Keep
 * Delete=Delete

That's how I vote, maybe later I'll add what I look for when voting for an Admin. But right now that's all I'll have.

I vote on each RfA now, since I want to make sure someone bad wouldn't become an admin, and then mess with how Wikipedia functions.

title: User:Private Butcher/Voting


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hubble Flow

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was NO CONSENSUS. -Doc (?) 10:30, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Hubble Flow
This stub is entirely redundant and the title is a nonstandard term. The standard term is "Hubble expansion" and there is already a fine article called Hubble expansion. At the very most we require only a redirect page under the name "Hubble flow". CH (talk) 22:48, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - it's a standard term - see, and compare with . Hubble expansion is a redirect to Hubble's Law.  Hubble's law and the Hubble flow are slightly different things and deserve separate articles. Worldtraveller 23:26, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Let's come at this a different way. The stub in question doesn't say anything that Hubble expansion doesn't say better.  The wording you added was particularly misleading.  ---CH  (talk) 23:31, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * If you thought my wording was misleading, you can improve it. I can't see why you first reverted my editing, then added some poorly written material, then nominated for AfD, all within 12 minutes, if all you want to do is make it a redirect.  You can do that at any time, without AfD. Worldtraveller 00:01, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I reverted to the version by Hall, then improved the wording, then noticed the preexisting and far superior article. Let's try this a different way.  Can you clearly and concisely explain on the talk page of the affected article precisely why you feel Hubble expansion is inadequate?  Can you give a citation to a standard cosmology textbook which uses Hubble flow rather than Hubble expansion?  Which supports your contention that there is a distinction? ---CH  (talk) 01:35, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment. Could this be sorted out on the Article talk page as it seems to be an editorial conflict?Capitalistroadster 02:20, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi, Capitalistroadster, point taken. If you know how to migrate this gracefully to an RFC rather than a AfD, I won't object to that.---CH  (talk) 02:23, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge and redirect. The article on Hubble expansion should define what the Hubble flow is, and clearly explain what the difference is. (I personally have no clue as to what the difference is, and having two articles that seem to be talking about the same thing doesn't help me or most enyone else.) If there comes a day when the article one Hubble expansion has an incredibly long section on Hubble flow, then it will merit a split into two distinct articles. Splitting prematurely, however, only leads to chaos, as multiple editors make almost the same, but conflicting/confusing edits in related artciles, resulting in a nasty mess.  I've seen this far too often in the math articles; it can and should be avoided in this case. linas 21:59, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Redirect. AFAICT, 'Hubble flow' refers to the same thing as 'Hubble expansion'. The latter term has been around for decades and is clearly standard, but the former is very new and definitely not standard. The two terms refer to one and the same thing (the expansion of the universe); if you're digging for a difference Worldtraveller, I'm afraid you won't really find one. ---Mpatel (talk) 11:41, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Hubble flow is the more commonly used term in the astronomical literature. Hubble Expansion and Hubble Flow are of course different terms for the same thing - what I said was that Hubble expansion currently redirects to Hubble's Law, and the law and the flow are not the same thing.  We don't have an article at Hubble expansion, we have a redirect, so it is not correct for Hillman to say there is already a fine article called Hubble expansion.  Worldtraveller 12:07, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Template:Infobox yoga school

title: Template:Infobox yoga school


text:
User:KHM03/Criticisms of Christianity

Over the centuries, many people have offered criticisms of Christianity. Critics of Christianity have included philosophers, journalists, scientists and other people from all walks of life. This article outlines some of the major criticisms that have been offered through the years.

The Trinity and the Incarnation

 * concept of "God enfleshed" offensive to some
 * Trinity incomprehensibility

Sin and Atonement

 * concept of sin basically pre-modern
 * violent, bloody Cross

The Bible

 * inconsistencies

Ecclesiology

 * lack of unity
 * rigid hierarchy
 * sometime lack of coherence between doctrine & ethical behavior
 * Calvinists (in general)

title: User:KHM03/Criticisms of Christianity


text: Template:GWR Manor Class

title: Template:GWR Manor Class


text:
Exhibitionists (TV series)

Exhibitionists is a Canadian documentary series that premiered on CBC Television on October 4, 2015.

Exhibitionists is young, daring and born of a passionate and personal connection with innovating artists across genres from diverse communities across Canada. It features provocative artists working in all mediums who are disrupting the status quo whilst celebrating their cultures. From a young poet who conquered Instagram to a daring feminist graffiti artist, Exhibitionists captures their stories. Topical, innovative and riveting, Exhibitionists is the go-to destination to discover Canada's fresh and diverse talents, and to get up close and personal with established icons. Hosted by actor, writer and educator Amanda Parris, Exhibitionists is an anthology of fast-paced short docs paired with excerpts of other CBC Arts digital series and the best arts-related content from across the CBC. It is produced by CBC Arts.

Featured artists

 * Trey Anthony - playwright
 * Margaret Atwood - writer
 * Torquil Campbell - actor
 * Director X - filmmaker
 * Xavier Dolan - filmmaker
 * Atom Egoyan - filmmaker
 * Louise Lecavalier - dancer
 * Ness Lee - artist
 * Owen Pallett - musician
 * Lido Pimienta - musician
 * Djanet Sears - playwright
 * Vivek Shraya - artist
 * Alisi Telengut - animator
 * Jacob Tremblay - actor
 * Lena Waithe - writer
 * Ai Weiwei - artist

title: Exhibitionists (TV series)


text:
Talk:Kanly

Articles for Deletion debate
This article was merged with and redirected to Dune (novel) as a result of an Articles for Deletion debate. The discussion can be found here. -Splash talk 22:49, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kanly


text:
User:AnOddName

—an odd name

title: User:AnOddName


text:
Flohr

Flohr is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Bruce Flohr, founder of RailTex
 * Salo Flohr, Czech-Jewish chess grandmaster
 * Thomas Flohr, Swiss billionaire, founder of VistaJet
 * Nina Flohr, Swiss businesswoman and member of the Greek royal family

title: Flohr