text:
2004–05 in Argentine football

The 2004–05 Argentine First Division season saw Américo Gallego's Newell's Old Boys win the Apertura title after a fierce battle against Vélez Sársfield for the supremacy. Vélez soon got over the disappointment after winning the Clausura with Banfield finishing second despite playing most of the tournament with a young squad because they were also competing the Copa Libertadores de América.

Huracán de Tres Arroyos and Almagro were relegated to the Nacional B after lackluster performance while Argentinos Juniors and Instituto played the promotion against Atlético de Rafaela and Huracán, respectively. Both won their series and were able to stay in the top category of the Argentine Football.

Relegation

 * There is no relegation after the Apertura. For the relegation results of this tournament see below

"Promoción" playoff
Argentinos Juniors wins 4-2 and remains in the Argentine First Division

Instituto wins 3-1 and remains in the Argentine First Division

National team
This section covers Argentina's games from August 1, 2004 to July 31, 2005.

For the Olympic Games results, please see here. Those results are not tallied here because the team is made of Under–23 players, not the full squad.

title: 2004–05 in Argentine football


text:
Talk:Pentagon City station

'Abandoned' stairwell?
The supposedly abandoned stairwell in the Pentagon City station has seem to come to life recently, although I never paid enough attention before to notice whether it used to look like this too. There are lights on in front of it as well as a sign which says 'canopy construction underway'. This is the same sign which was placed at the other two entrances when the canopies were being constructed there, but those are both complete. The sign says the completion date is something like July 31, 2006, but I don't remember the lights on before, so perhaps they'll re-open that stairwell? Rmeskill 17:48, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I saw this, too, and took a few photos of it. I just saw it literally minutes ago (I'm posting from the Apple store at Pentagon City Mall), and the lights are on, and there's some equipment down in the bottom there, as well as lots and lots of debris. I read somewhere that it is supposed to reopen. I've got the link bookmarked somewhere at home, so you'll have to wait for a source on it. It was somewhere on CommuterPage, though, if I'm not mistaken. So yeah, it's supposed to reopen to the best of my knowledge. And that sign about canopy construction is still there as of today, and really needs to be removed. Someone should put a bug in Tangherlini's ear about that one... SchuminWeb (Talk) 00:16, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

 * And here's the link: Pentagon City Pedestrian Tunnel Repair Project SchuminWeb (Talk) 08:59, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 16:01, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Pentagon (WMATA station) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 18:15, 23 December 2014 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Pentagon City station


text:
1824 in art

Events in the year 1824 in Art.

Events

 * April 2 – The British government buys John Julius Angerstein's art collection for £60,000 for the purpose of establishing a National Gallery in London which opens to the public in his former townhouse on May 10.
 * The Vow of Louis XIII, painted by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres for the cathedral of Montauban, is exhibited at the Paris Salon.
 * The Hay Wain by John Constable is one of three of the artist's paintings also exhibited at the Paris Salon and wins a gold medal.
 * Caspar David Friedrich enters a depressive episode.
 * Edwin Landseer visits Scotland for the first time to paint a portrait of Sir Walter Scott; he will return annually, concentrating on animal portraits.
 * A National Gallery of Naval Art is created in the Painted Hall of Greenwich Hospital, London.

Works

 * François Joseph Bosio – Statue of Henry IV of France as a child (Louvre)
 * Léon Cogniet – Marius among the Ruins of Carthage
 * Louis Daguerre – The Ruins of Holyrood Chapel (approx. date)
 * Jacques-Louis David – Mars Being Disarmed by Venus
 * Eugène Delacroix
 * The Massacre at Chios
 * Orphan Girl at the Cemetery (c. 1823 or 1824)
 * John Flaxman – Pastoral Apollo
 * Caspar David Friedrich – The Sea of Ice
 * François Gérard – Daphnis and Chloe
 * Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin – Ulysses and Minerva
 * John Hayter – Kamāmalu, Queen Consort of Hawaii
 * Frederick Yeates Hurlstone – A Venetian Page
 * Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres – Vow of Louis XIII
 * Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov
 * Cleansing of the Temple
 * Transfiguration
 * Thomas Lawrence – Portrait of Frederick Robinson
 * Edwin Landseer – Lion, A Newfoundland Dog
 * Johann Friedrich Overbeck – Christ's Entry into Jerusalem
 * Jan Willem Pieneman – The Battle of Waterloo
 * John Trumbull – General George Washington Resigning His Commission
 * J. M. W. Turner – The Battle of Trafalgar

Awards

 * Grand Prix de Rome, painting:
 * Grand Prix de Rome, sculpture: Charles Seurre, sculptor.
 * Grand Prix de Rome, architecture: Henri Labrouste.
 * Grand Prix de Rome, engraving:
 * Grand Prix de Rome, music: Auguste Barbereau.

Births

 * January 27 – Jozef Israëls, Dutch painter (died 1911)
 * March 31 – William Morris Hunt, American painter (died 1879)
 * May 11 – Jean-Léon Gérôme, French painter and sculptor (died 1904)
 * June 12 – Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse, French sculptor and painter (died 1887)
 * July 12 – Eugène Boudin, French painter (died 1898)
 * August 26 – Martha Darley Mutrie, British painter (died 1885)
 * October 14 – Adolphe Joseph Thomas Monticelli, French painter (died 1886)
 * October 30 – Christen Dalsgaard, Danish genre painter (died 1907)
 * December 6 – Emmanuel Frémiet, French sculptor (died 1910)
 * December 10 – Aasta Hansteen, Norwegian painter, writer and early feminist (died 1908)
 * December 14 – Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, French painter (died 1898)

Deaths

 * January 26 – Théodore Géricault, French painter and lithographer, pioneer of the Romantic movement (born 1791)
 * January 28 – George Mills, British sculptor, engraver and medallist (born 1792/1793)
 * April 17 – William Ashford, British landscape painter working exclusively in Ireland (born 1746)
 * May 28 – Joseph Reinhart, Swiss painter and draftsman (born 1749)
 * September 12 – Louis Albert Guislain Bacler d'Albe, French artist, map-maker and close strategic advisor of Napoleon (born 1761)
 * November 23 – Fyodor Alekseyev, Russian painter of landscape art (born 1753)
 * December 9 – Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson, French painter (born 1767)
 * December 24
 * John Downman, English portrait painter (born 1750)
 * Antoine Vestier, French miniaturist and painter of portraits (born 1740)
 * date unknown
 * François-Anne David, French line-engraver (born 1741)
 * Thomas Hickey, Irish painter of portraits and genre scenes (born 1741)

title: 1824 in art


text:
Talk:Goryeo–Khitan War

Untitled
Deletion Physchim62 22:51, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Why deleting this article??? It is still in Progress and i will try to expand it as best as i could. Whlee 22:54, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Copyright
Hello, Whlee. I was wondering if you wrote, or have permission to use, the content in the First Koryo - Khitan article because it is similar to an article on the Korean History Project website. Thanks -- Kjkolb 05:28, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

I understand what you are talking about, i recongnize the fact that the article is poorly written but i'm very busy these last few days. I will personalize it the following days when i got much more available extra-time. Regards. Whlee 10:24, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Confusing part
I don't understand this section at all

 * "Ten years later, in 936, the year that Koreans was united under Goryeo rule, the Liao took advantage of long civil war in China after the fall of Tang Dynasty in 907; the Khitan took control of 16 Chinese provinces south of the Great Wall for helping the foundation of short-living Later Qin (晋) Dynasty, which ruled only small part of China. In 946, the Khitan invaded China, trying to conquer all of China but failing; and eventually, as the Song Dynasty unified China in 960, and the inner conflict between Liao royal family members stopped the Khitan dream of Chinese conquest, for a brief period."

Should it be

 * "The Liao took advantage of long civil war in China after the fall of Tang Dynasty in 907, and in 936, conquered 16 Chinese provinces south of the Great Wall. 936 was also the year Korea was united under Goryeo rule. This laid the foundation for the short-livied Later Qin (晋) Dynasty, which ruled only a small part of China. In 946, the Khitan invaded China, trying and failing to conquer it. The Song Dynasty unified China in 960 and inner conflict between Liao royal family members combined to squelch stopped the Khitan dream of Chinese conquest."

However, this doesn't make any sense, as the Qin dynasties were all at least 600 years before. This all takes place during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period

--Awiseman 16:24, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Another confusing part
"Threatened by Khitan expansion, Balhae sought assistance from the declining Silla. Records stated that Balhae also requested Goryeo's help during the Later Three Kingdoms period just before its fall, but under the conflicting state between Balhae and Silla, the aggression of the Khitan into Balhae could not be blocked because Silla and Goryeo rather helped Khitan in spite of the treaty with Balhae because of the adherence of confrontation between the south and the north, along the Northern-Southern Kingdom period (Hangul : 남북국/남북시대, Hanja :南北國/南北時代). From that point, Goryeo and Khitan had not showed any hostility each other until the fall of Balhae in 926."

I can't make heads of tails of it. --Awiseman 16:39, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Anyone? This makes absolutely no sense --AW 15:19, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

China vs Korea
Somebody reverted GoGuryeo's edits saying they were too Korea focused. i think GoGuryeo's edits are fine, what do you think? --AW 15:30, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * There's been a pattern of anonymous Japanese POV pushing, revert warring, and even edit stalking at various articles. As for this article, Goguryeo put in some hard work, and as the title says, this article is about Korea and the Khitan, not China. In any case, I don't see any significant information being deleted, just lots of useful additions. Probably need to keep an eye on anon/new reverters. Korealist 15:43, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Khitan is a history of China. 203.198.23.198 16:17, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

It is an insistence only of Korea. It is not a universal opinion. Will you steal not only the history of Japan but also the history of China? Please write not the slander but a concrete opinion. --219.66.42.121 19:03, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
 * What are you talking about? Either give examples or stop reverting --AW 19:15, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Look, we need to clean this up, and not by reverting. --AW 15:11, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

Hmm I looked over the article. It really needs some work on it. However, it might be difficult to find more information on this article since the wars took place long ago and there are few references. I'll try and root through Korean encyclopedias. Keep up the good work Good friend100 04:39, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress which affects this page. Please participate at Talk:Sino-Xiongnu War - Requested move and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RM bot 22:22, 19 June 2012 (UTC)

WP:Copying within Wikipedia
De 4 de 171 (talk) 04:24, 26 September 2014 (UTC)

Infobox Result Field
@User:Rajmaan - I appreciate your contributions, but the result field should reflect the final outcome of the entire war, not the results of every conflict that took place during the war. For example, in the World War II article, the result field only mentions the final Allied Victory, not the Fall of France and other major campaigns that resulted in Allied defeats. BlackRanger88 (talk) 18:41, 20 August 2015 (UTC)

Hugh Walker appears to be a reliable source
Hello @Qiushufang

I know Wikipedia's policy on self publishing, but I kept Walker's source because according to Selfpub it says "Self-published expert sources may be considered reliable when produced by an established subject-matter expert, whose work in the relevant field has previously been published by reliable, independent publications."

I dug around, Walker while self published is an expert with a PhD from UCLA. Walker authored The Weight of Tradition: Preliminary Observations on Korea's Intellectual Response (published by The Korea Research and Publications, Inc.).https://books.google.com/books?id=m85lCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA297

and

The Yi-Ming Rapprochement: Sino-Korean Foreign Relations, 1392-1592 (published by University of California, Los Angeles)

https://books.google.com/books?id=QHuOswEACAAJ

He's also variously cited by others:

https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=Hugh+Dyson+Walker

https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=Hugh+Dyson+Walker

Since he is a cited expert and because he does appear to have been published at different times by institutions I think he should be added back. Sunnyediting99 (talk) 02:55, 5 December 2023 (UTC)

 * The section is already overcited, so it would bring citations down to 5 like I previously mentioned anyways. As it is a self published source, this is probably the first to remove without making any difference. Although Grant's 1001 Battles That Changed the Course of World History should probably also be removed since it's pop history without any citations, so maybe choose between one or the other. Qiushufang (talk) 03:00, 5 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I'll switch them then and see if the Grant source is useable elsewhere Sunnyediting99 (talk) 03:05, 5 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Goryeo–Khitan War


text:
Talk:Pentagon station

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 16:01, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Station layout
The “Station layout” section shows a table of four rows labeled G, 1F, 2F, 3F. To me, it seems as if it's describing four levels, from G (which it labels “street level”) through three underground levels (1F, 2F, 3F). But the actual Pentagon Station only has two underground levels, as described in the article text immediately following the table. Is the table in error, or is there a style convention here that isn't obvious to the casual reader? Unician ∇ 08:35, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
 * The line after the table states that the trains are on two separate levels; this doesn't mean the mezzanine can't be on another level. It doesn't specify "two underground levels" that I see. --Golbez (talk) 18:31, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Exactly — the separate table rows and sequential numbering suggest that there are three underground levels, which is incorrect. Is there a convention among articles about WMATA Metrorail stations that the mezzanine should be listed on its own line, even if it's not on its own level?  (This confusion occurs on a number of station articles, so it's not just a question of making a quick edit to this one.)  Unician ∇ 20:37, 23 July 2014 (UTC)

Requested move 23 December 2014

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved. There does appear to be a consensus for the moves. An objection was raised to Pentagon Station, but it was also pointed out that it could be dealt with via a hatnote. Number  5  7  16:23, 6 February 2015 (UTC)

– Following the move of the Green Line stations per the new WP:USSTATION guideline, these stations should have WP:NATURAL disambiguation (and eventually, consistency within the whole system). I think consensus there can be interpreted as a mandate to move them all, but for now, I thought this would be helpful for more pairs of eyes to check for possible naming conflicts. Note that Crystal City and Huntington need disambiguation. --BDD (talk) 18:06, 23 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Pentagon (WMATA station) → Pentagon Station
 * Pentagon City (WMATA station) → Pentagon City Station
 * Crystal City (WMATA station) → Crystal City Station (WMATA)
 * Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (WMATA station) → Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Station
 * Braddock Road (WMATA station) → Braddock Road Station
 * King Street – Old Town (WMATA station) → King Street – Old Town Station
 * Eisenhower Avenue (WMATA station) → Eisenhower Avenue Station
 * Huntington (WMATA station) → Huntington Station (Virginia)
 * Oppose "Pentagon Station", that should be an index (transport stations named Pentagon), for Pentagon (WMATA station), Pentagon City (WMATA station), Pentagon bus station ; or it should redirect to Pentagon (disambiguation) -- 67.70.35.44 (talk) 23:39, 23 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Hold pending the outcome of Move review/Log/2014 December, which is being used erroneously as a precedent for capitalization. I might also oppose for other reasons, but let's get this figured out first.  Dicklyon (talk) 23:53, 24 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Support. Judging from WP:NCDAB, "WMATA station" is an overly descriptive disambiguator. NotUnusual (talk) 06:28, 29 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Problem: User:Epicgenius has gone ahead and moved a bunch of these pages, and more, with capitalized "Station", citing the Greenbelt RM as reason, without waiting for the resolution of the case question or this RM discussion or others. Dicklyon (talk) 02:34, 5 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Support. There is clear consensus for the WP:USSTATION guidelines and the proposed titles better follow policy in regards to WP:COMMONNAME, WP:CONCISE, WP:PRECISE, WP:NATURAL, and WP:RECOGNIZABILITY.--Cúchullain t/ c 14:51, 5 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Support per WP:USSTATION. Adding station to the article title provides natural disambiguation, without the need for parenthetical disambiguation (in most cases) per WP:NATURAL. Regarding capitalization, if "station" is not in the official name (and I do not think it is), then it should be lowercase. If "Station" is in the official station name, then it should be capitalized. As for Pentagon Station, it should have a hatnote to a new disambiguation page for other uses of Pentagon Station with the links mentioned by 67.70.35.44. Also, I added the word "Station" to Crystal City, which seems to have been left out. --Scott Alter (talk) 02:40, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Pentagon station is almost always lowercase "station" in books. Since station is not part of the official name, you should better qualify your support for this badly formed proposal.  Dicklyon (talk) 02:43, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Most of those use a definite article though, indicating a descriptive rather than proper name. Pentagon Station is the Pentagon station (i.e., the station named "Pentagon Station" is the station that serves the Pentagon). And using descriptive names isn't really an option here when we have actual names to go by. --BDD (talk) 14:21, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * I changed Crystal City Station back to use WMATA. It needs to be disambiguated between the VRE station in the same city with the same name. Using Virginia as a disambiguator makes the article still ambiguous in this case. See Crystal City station. --Scott Alter (talk) 20:54, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Good call. I've redirected Crystal City station to Crystal City though—see WP:INCDAB. --BDD (talk) 14:41, 7 January 2015 (UTC)
 * With the current names, I agree that a separate DAB page is not needed. But when (if) both articles are renamed to "Crystal City station (WMATA)" and "Crystal City station (VRE)", then there should be a DAB page at "Crystal City station" - which is why I created it and think it can stand. --Scott Alter (talk) 17:13, 7 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Support per nom with "Station" capitalized as the signs at the stations do. Would greatly prefer "Washington Metro" as a disambiguator to "WMATA" or "Virginia" which are far less helpful to readers seeking the correct article. (Yes, I know that other systems use the stations but their primary use is by Metro train and bus).  —  AjaxSmack   03:19, 23 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose the capitalized "Station" per the new USSTATION guidelines. See more comments at [Talk:Vienna_(WMATA_station)#Requested_move_23_December_2014]].  Dicklyon (talk) 05:17, 23 January 2015 (UTC)
 *  Also oppose the capitalized "Station". WMATA doesn't use "Station" in the names on their Web site. I think that the names are really descriptive terms saying where they're at (as in "the station at The Pentagon") and that the stations aren't unique entities themselves but instead pieces of the overall rail system and of the places they serve (see proper name)

 * Lastly, this same capitalization discussion is occurring on Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (US stations). Jason McHuff (talk) 09:59, 1 February 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Greenbelt Station which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 17:15, 7 February 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Pentagon station


text:
User:Zatchery

umm ya, uhhh, I'm Zatchery. I have a friend named DerekMundo and we are making a movie called Zatchery & DerekMundo. So yea. That's about it...

title: User:Zatchery


text:
List of ChuckleVision episodes

ChuckleVision is a British television entertainment programme starring The Chuckle Brothers.

Series 1 (1987)
This series was released onto DVD in October 2011. It was rereleased in July 2016.

Series 2 (1988–1989)
This series was released onto DVD in October 2012. It was rereleased in August 2016.

Series 3 (1989–1990)

 * Episode 11, "Hotel Hostilities", was the first appearance of "No Slacking", a character played by Paul and Barry's real life brother Jimmy Patton of the Patton Brothers.
 * This series was released onto DVD in April 2017.

Series 7 (1995)

 * Episode 2, "The Hunt for Chalky White" was the first appearance of "Getoutofit" played by Paul and Barry's real life brother Brian Patton of the Patton Brothers.

Series 12 (1999–2000)
These episodes were originally twenty minutes long, however in 2004 the BBC edited them down to 15 minutes.

Series 13 (2000–2001)
^This episode is the only silent ChuckleVision episode in the entire series. These episodes were originally twenty minutes long, however in 2005 the BBC edited them down to 15 minutes.

2002 Christmas Specials
These two episodes were supposed to be shown back to back as a double bill on Christmas Eve 2002. Due to a mix up, "Messy Xmas" was shown twice by mistake. The CBBC Channel later played the double bill with the episodes in the correct order.

title: List of ChuckleVision episodes


text:
Birkenhead Park railway station

Birkenhead Park railway station is a station serving the town of Birkenhead, in Merseyside, England. It lies on the Wirral Line of the Merseyrail network.

History
The name of the station comes from nearby Birkenhead Park, one of the UK's first Victorian municipal parks. In 1850 its layout - created by Joseph Paxton - had a profound influence on visiting American landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted. Eight years later he took inspiration from Birkenhead Park (and other green spaces like Derby Arboretum) to win a competition to design New York's new city park.

The station was opened on 2 January 1888, as a joint interchange station between the Seacombe, Hoylake and Deeside Railway and the Mersey Railway. The station replaced the Wirral Railway's original terminus at Wallasey Bridge Road, which was close to the present-day Birkenhead North station. The station was an interchange between the Wirral Railway's line to West Kirby and the Mersey Railway's new line to Liverpool Central low level station. On the same day of opening, the Wirral Railway's new line to Wallasey Grove Road opened, which was extended to New Brighton later the same year.

The station was built at the western portal of the Mersey Railway tunnel that ran into central Birkenhead and Liverpool's city centre. From its opening the station had two island platforms to facilitate across-platform transfer between the Mersey Railway and the Wirral Railway. The northern pair of tracks were used exclusively by Mersey Railway trains. The centre and southern pairs of tracks were available to the Wirral Railway.

Mersey Railway electrification
On 3 May 1903, the Mersey Railway to Liverpool was changed over from steam to electric trains, with a 650 V DC fourth rail system and Mersey Railway electric units built by Westinghouse.

There was a small Mersey Railway electric car shed at the eastern end of the station, on the northern side of the line, which held two 6-car trains. This was built on level ground, with the tracks towards the tunnel to Liverpool dropping steeply alongside. The car shed was removed in the 1970s.

Fatal accident
On 6 December 1922 an accident occurred at the station, at around 4pm, between two trains of the Wirral Railway. The train heading to West Kirby, which was late, was leaving the station and collided with a train from West Kirby. There was one fatality and eight other passengers sustained serious injuries, with a further 36 people suffering from shock. This was the first fatal passenger accident to occur on the Wirral Railway.

LMS electrification
Between 1936 and 1938, The London, Midland and Scottish Railway electrified the lines from Birkenhead Park to West Kirby and New Brighton using a 650 V DC third rail to match the system of the Mersey Railway. The smoke free electric trains facilitated through operation to underground sections of Birkenhead and Liverpool, with the line terminating at Liverpool Central low level station. The LMS electric trains were brought into passenger service on 14 March 1938. The need to change at Birkenhead Park was removed transforming the station into a through station. It was normal for the new LMS trains to operate the Liverpool to West Kirby route, and the older Mersey Railway trains to operate the Liverpool to New Brighton route, except for Sundays and bank holidays.

From 1938 electrification of the Wirral lines integrated both the Mersey Railway and LMS (Wirral) railway services to New Brighton and West Kirby. However the former Wirral Railway branch to Seacombe was still operated by steam trains, not those of its owner the LMS but trains of the LNER from the Chester and Wrexham lines through Bidston. The additional facilities beyond a simple two-track through station became redundant at Birkenhead Park. Despite which, the layout retained all four platforms, two in each direction, until the 1970s. A new 60-lever signal box was opened in 1938, which was reduced to 25 levers in 1972 and which closed on 28 February 1988.

World War II bombing
The station building is not the original. The first station building was destroyed when two aerial bombs were dropped by German aircraft on the night of 12–13 March 1941, during the Second World War. After the bombing, through services were restored after five days with the station reopened to passengers after eleven days.

Postwar
The outer platform faces were hardly used, apart from a handful of trains which were stored outside peak hours in the sidings which remained at all four corners of the station, and outside the island platforms. In the 1970s, there were a number of rationalisations to the layout. At one stage, through trains used the outer tracks of the station, while a bay platform was fashioned between these to allow a short-lived Liverpool-to-Birkenhead Park extra peak-hour shuttle service. The layout was then simplified again to the current one, retaining the former southern island platform with just a through road either side, with the former northern platform demolished in 1992.

Facilities
The station is staffed, during all opening hours, and has platform CCTV. The island platform has a waiting shelter. There is a payphone, booking office and live departure and arrival screens, for passenger information. A 16-capacity lift was opened in August 2022, allowing step-free access for all passengers. The station has no car park but there is secure cycle storage for 32 bikes.

Services
Trains operate every 15 minutes (Monday to Saturday daytime) to New Brighton and West Kirby and every 5–10 minutes via Birkenhead Hamilton Square and the Mersey Railway Tunnel to Liverpool. At other times, trains run every 30 minutes to New Brighton and West Kirby, and every 15 minutes to Liverpool. These services are all provided by Merseyrail's fleet of Class 507 and Class 777 EMUs.

title: Birkenhead Park railway station


text:
Derbforgaill ingen Maeleachlainn

Dearbhfhorghaill (older spelling: Derbforgaill) (1108–1193), anglicised as Derval, was a daughter of Murchad Ua Maeleachlainn, king of Meath, and of his wife Mor (died 1137), daughter of Muirchertach Ua Briain. She is famously known as the "Helen of Ireland" as her abduction from her husband Tigernán Ua Ruairc by Diarmait Mac Murchada, king of Leinster, in 1152 played some part in bringing the Anglo-Normans to Irish shores, although this is a role that has often been greatly exaggerated and often misinterpreted.

Unusually for a woman of her time, she is mentioned no fewer than five times in contemporary annals: her abduction by Diarmait in 1152 (Annals of Clonmacnoise), (although by the end of the next year she had left Leinster and returned to her family's lands in Meath, possibly after negotiations with her father's family); her donation to the Cistercian abbey of Mellifont of altar cloths, a gold chalice, and 60 ounces of gold during the consecration ceremony in 1157 (Annals of the Four Masters); her completion of the Nuns' Church at Clonmacnoise in 1167 (Annals of the Four Masters); her retirement to Clonmacnoise in 1186 (Annals of Ulster, Annals of Loch Ce); and her death in Clonmacnoise in 1193 (Annals of Ulster, Annals of the Four Masters). As the Annals of Tigernach are attested to being composed contemporary to Dearbhforghaill's time, the fragmentary nature of the older texts is supplanted by newer transcription (as Leinster, Ulster, Connacht, and more fill these gaps.

Tigernán Ua Ruairc had three children, Melaghlin (died 1162), Aed, described as crown prince of Breifne, killed by the Anglo-Normans (died 1171) and Dowchawley (died 1171), wife to Ruaidri Ua Conchobair, high king of Ireland, but whether or not Derbforgaill was their mother is less certain.

Abduction and the English Invasion of Ireland
Derbforgaill is chiefly remembered for her abduction by Diarmait Mac Murchada, king of Laigin (Leinster) in 1152, a supposed catalyst for the late twelfth-century Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. Her abduction occurred within the context of a joint military effort against her husband by Tairdelbach Ua Conchobair (king of Ireland) and Mac Murchada. The surviving Irish annalistic accounts differ from one another in some of their details, but more significantly they stand apart from later Anglo-Norman sources in that they do not compress the events of the 1150s and 1160s to create a sense that Derbforgaill's abduction played a direct and immediate part in Mac Murchada's banishment and his subsequent enlisting English help.

Irish annalistic accounts
Of the existing accounts of her abduction, that of the Annals of Tigernach is probably the only one which is contemporaneous to the event: "A hosting by Toirdhealbhach Ó Conchobhair and Diarmaid Mac Murchadha against Tighearnán Ó Ruairc, and they burned Bun Cuilinn and inflicted a defeat on Tighearnán, and made the son of Giolla Bruide Ó Ruairc king of Conmaicne, and he got the lordship of them all. And Diarmaid mac Murchadh, king of Leinster, forcibly carried off out of Meath the wife of Ó Ruairc, that is, Derbhfhorgaill, daughter of Murchadh, with her wealth."The same source claims that she fled Mac Murchada within a year. The next most reliable account is that found within the seventeenth-century Annals of the Four Masters, who report that:"An army was led by Mac Lochlainn into Meath, as far as Rath-Ceannaigh, to meet the men of Ireland; and Toirdhealbhach proceeded into Meath, to meet Ua Lochlainn and Diarmaid Mac Murchadha, King of Leinster. They divided Meath into two parts on this occasion; they gave from Cluain-Iraird westwards to Murchadh Ua Maeleachlainn, and East Meath to his son, Maeleachlainn. They took Conmhaicne from Tighearnan Ua Ruairc, after having defeated him; and they burned the town named Bun-cuilinn, and gave the chieftainship to the son of Gillabraide Ua Ruairc, and their hostages were given up to Toirdhealbhach Ua Conchobhair. On this occasion Dearbhforgaill, daughter of Murchadh Ua Maeleachlainn, and wife of Tighearnan Ua Ruairc, was brought away by the King of Leinster, i.e. Diarmaid, with her cattle and furniture; and he took with her according to the advice of her brother, Maeleachlainn. There arose then a war between the Ui-Briuin and the men of Meath."The Annals of the Four Masters are clearly relying on multiple sources at this point, as the return of Derbforgaill from Laigin in 1153 is recorded twice. Firstly as a result of being carried away by force by Tairdelbach Ua Conchobair and returned to her male kinsmen (and not her husband), and noted a second time in a manner similar to that of the Annals of Tigernach (in which she returned to Ua Ruairc of her own accord). The description in the seventeenth-century Annals of Clonmacnoise is quite close to that of the Annals of the Four Masters, although more lurid and it is the only Irish annalistic source to offer a moral judgement on Mac Murchada, while simultaneously apportioning blame on Ua Ruairc:"Dermott mcMurrogh king of Leinster tooke the lady Dervorgill, daughter of the said Morrogh o’Melaghlin, and wife of Tyernan o’Royrck, with her cattle with him, and kept her for a long space to satisfie his insatiable, carnall and adulterous lust, shee was procured and enduced thereunto by her unadvised brother Melaghlin for some abuses of her husband Tyernan don before."Of the remaining accounts in the Irish annals, Mac Carthaigh’s Book appears to have been written after the invasion and appears to follow English accounts, while the Annals of Boyle’s curt entry adds no extra detail.

Early English accounts
The two earliest English accounts to deal with Derbforgaill’s abduction are Gerald of Wales’ Expugnatio Hibernica (‘Conquest of Ireland’) and the anonymous Anglo-Norman French poem commonly known by the modern title The Song of Dermot and the Earl.

The Song of Dermot and the Earl and Expugnatio Hibernica follow the same pattern, portraying Derbforgaill's abduction in 1152 and Mac Murchada's banishment in 1166 as occurring at the same time. The Song claims that Derbforgaill had fallen in love with Diarmait, who in turn only made a pretense of loving her, in an effort to entice her away from Ua Ruairc, as a means of avenging previous wrongs inflicted by Leth Cuinn (the northern half of Ireland) upon Leth Moga (the southern half of Ireland). She subsequently arranged for a rendezvous from which he could carry her back to Laigin unchallenged. Ua Ruairc is then said to have complained to the (unnamed) king of Connacht, who convinced Mac Murchada's allies to abandon him and force him into exile. In the events as narrated by the Song (and to a degree the Annals of Clonmacnoise and the Annals of the Four Masters) Derbforgaill is clearly a dupe, but in Gerald of Wales's Expugnatio Hibernica she becomes more blameworthy:"On an occasion when Ua Ruairc king of Meath had gone off on an expedition to far distant parts, his wife, Ua Máelechlainn's daughter, whom he had left on an island in Meath, was abducted by the aforesaid Diramait, who had long been burning with love for her and took advantage of her husband's absence. No doubt she was abducted because she wanted to be and, since 'woman is always a fickle and inconstant creature', she herself arranged that she should become the kidnapper's prize.""Almost all the world's most notable catastrophes have been caused by women, witness Mark Antony and Troy. King Ua Ruairc was stirred to extreme anger on two counts, of which however the disgrace, rather than the loss of his wife, grieved him more deeply, and he vented all the venom of his fury with a view to revenge. And so he called together and mustered his own forces and those of neighbouring peoples, and roused to the same purpose Ruaidrí, prince of Connacht and at that time supreme ruler of all Ireland. The men of Leinster, seeing that their prince was now in a difficult position and surrounded on all sides by his enemies' forces, sought to pay him back, and recalled to mind injustices which they had long concealed and stored deep in their hearts.. They made common cause with his enemies, and the men of rank among this people deserted Mac Murchada along with his good fortune... he finally trusted his life to the sea in flight, and so to speak had recourse to this last hope of saving himself."In addition to the classical references to Mark Antony and Troy, the quotation used by Gerald is from Mercury's pushing Aeneis to leave Dido and fulfill his fate by sailing to Italy, in the Aeneid.

The abduction episode of 1152 has been variously interpreted. It seems that Derbforgaill went willingly, and that she took her cattle and chattels with her, all at the persuasion of her younger brother Maeleachlainn. It has been suggested that this was an attempt on the part of her paternal family, the royal family of Meath, to forge a new alliance through marriage, with Diarmait Mac Murchada. Formalising treaties through marriage seems to have been standard practice in twelfth-century Ireland, witness Diarmait Mac Murchada's betrothal of his daughter Aoife to Strongbow, while in 1165 the king of Uladh's daughter was taken hostage by the high king presumably just to prevent her father from using her to cement a new alliance.

Most historians are agreed that there was no romance involved, and that dynastic politics were at the base of the dispute. However, it does seem that Tigernán held the grudge, insisting on claiming legal compensation of 100 ounces of gold from Diarmait in 1167, which was enforced by Ruaidri Ua Conchobair.

title: Derbforgaill ingen Maeleachlainn


text:
Mandubracius

Mandubracius or Mandubratius was a king of the Trinovantes of south-eastern Britain in the 1st century BC.

History
Mandubracius was the son of a Trinovantian king, named Imanuentius in some manuscripts of Julius Caesar's De Bello Gallico, who was overthrown and killed by the warlord Cassivellaunus some time before Caesar's second expedition to Britain in 54 BC. Mandubracius fled to the protection of Caesar in Gaul. Cassivellaunus then led the British defence against the Romans, but the Trinovantes betrayed the location of his fortress to Caesar, who proceeded to besiege him there. As part of the terms of Cassivellaunus's surrender, Mandubracius was installed as king of the Trinovantes, and Cassivellaunus undertook not to make war against him.

Medieval traditions
He appears in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae (1136) as Androgeus, eldest son of the legendary king Lud. The name change can be traced to copying errors in Orosius's Seven Books of History Against the Pagans, a 5th-century Christian history which was influential in medieval Britain, where it appears in different manuscripts as "Mandubragius" and "Andragorius". Bede, who follows Orosius almost verbatim for his account of Caesar's expeditions, calls him "Andragius" (a name which Geoffrey used for an earlier British king). Geoffrey might also have been influenced by the Greek mythological character Androgeus.

When Lud died, Androgeus and his brother Tasciovanus were too young to rule, so the throne went to their uncle Cassivellaunus. Androgeus was made Duke of Trinovantum (London) and Kent, and participated in the defence of Britain against Julius Caesar. After Caesar's first two invasions were repelled, the Britons held a celebration at which sacrifices were made to the gods and games played. Cuelinus, a nephew of Androgeus, wrestled with Hirelglas, Cassivellaunus's nephew, and killed him in a dispute over the result. Cassivellaunus demanded Androgeus hand over his nephew for trial, but fearing the king's intentions, Androgeus refused, offering to try him in his own court. Cassivellaunus made war on Androgeus, who appealed to Caesar for help. He gave hostages, including his own son Scaeva, as proof of his intentions, and Caesar invaded a third time. Between them, Androgeus and Caesar forced Cassivellaunus to submit and agree to pay tribute to Rome. Caesar spent the winter in Britain, and he and Cassivellaunus became friends. When he finally returned to Rome to fight the civil war against Pompey, Androgeus went with him, never to return.

In Middle Welsh versions of Geoffrey's Historia, and in the Welsh Triads, he appears as Afarwy. The Triads name him as one of the "Three Dishonoured Men of the Island of Britain" for inviting Caesar to invade.

John Koch suggests that Mandubracius might be the historical basis of the Welsh mythological figure Manawydan: he reconstructs the original form of his father's name as *Mannuētios, and an earlier form of Manwydan as *Mannuētiagnos, "son of Mannuetios".

title: Mandubracius


text:
Talk:Interstate 240 (Tennessee)

I-69 Overlap - How Official Is It?
There has been a bit of an edit war on the I-269 page, with the dust settling on a claim that Wikipedia should not recognize the extension of the interstate designation as official until there is documentation that TDOT has recognized the change, even if federal approvals have been granted.

This begs the question: for I-69 in Tennessee, is there any documentation in support of TDOT recognizing the designation as official? It's obviously been approved by AASHTO and FHWA; TDOT is almost certainly going to sign it as such if/when the new sections get built. But at the moment, I don't see any documentation that TDOT officially agrees that the overlap section of I-55/I-240/I-40/SR 300 really is I-69 today. There's just a bunch of internet lore, much of it referencing Wikipedia, that TDOT will sign it "someday".

(This comment is being added all of I-40/I-240/I-55/TN 300. More detail on I-269 talk page.) MikeTheActuary (talk) 04:54, 18 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Interstate 240 (Tennessee)


text: User talk:69.237.144.9

title: User talk:69.237.144.9


text:
British NVC community M20

NVC community M20 (Eriophorum vaginatum raised and blanket mire) is one of the mire communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system.

It is a comparatively localised community. There are two subcommunities.

Community composition
Two constant species, Common Cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium) and Hare's-tail Cottongrass (Eriophorum vaginatum), are found in this community.

No rare species are associated with the community.

Distribution
This community is found throughout northern England. It is extensive in the southern Pennines, but more local elsewhere. It is also found locally in eastern Scotland and south Wales. It is mainly found within tracts of upland blanket bog, but also locally on raised bogs.

Subcommunities
There are two subcommunities:
 * the so-called Species-poor subcommunity
 * the Calluna vulgaris - Cladonia spp. subcommunity

title: British NVC community M20


text:
Talk:Interstate 240 (North Carolina)

Thomas Wolfe, Bon Marche and Beaucatcher
In the History section, there is no source for Thomas Wolfe's comments about Bon Marche and Beaucatcher. The only source I've found on the web is this article. Unless anyone has a non-circular source, perhaps this should be removed from the article. --Twistlethrop (talk) 08:48, 2 April 2010 (UTC)

 * In the absence of any verifiable sources for the Thomas Wolfe anecdote, and Ted Carter's "Hercules and Thor" story, I've removed both of them.Twistlethrop (talk) 06:38, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

I posted comments, but then found the reason why the erroneous information was listed the way it is. I'm okay with the explanation listed in the discussion on the I-26 (NC) page.

title: Talk:Interstate 240 (North Carolina)


text:
Cumberland sauce

Cumberland sauce is a savoury sauce of English origin, made with redcurrant jelly, mustard, pepper and salt, blanched orange peel, and port wine. The food writer Elizabeth David described it as "the best of all sauces for cold meat". It is thought to be of 19th-century origin. Among the conjectural reasons for its name are honouring a Duke of Cumberland or alternatively reflecting the county of its origin.

History and contents
Piquant spicy fruit sauces rendered sharply sour with verjuice or vinegar featured prominently in medieval cuisine. Cumberland sauce, thought to have originated in the 19th century, is in that tradition. The Oxford English Dictionary describes it as "a piquant sauce served esp. with cold meat". The dictionary's earliest citation for a sauce of that name is 1878, but it is mentioned in The Times six years earlier, reporting a banquet in Berlin in September 1872, attended by the Emperors Wilhelm I, Franz Joseph and Alexander II, at which hure de sanglier (boar's head) was served with "sauce Cumberland". In 2009 a food historian, Janet Clarkson, identified an American citation from 1856, as well as details of some sauces from earlier in the 19th century that bore similarities to what became known as Cumberland sauce: she instanced William Kitchiner's, The Cook's Oracle, first published in 1817, which includes an unnamed "Wine sauce for Venison or Hare" in which claret or port are mixed with redcurrant jelly.

Elizabeth David found a recipe from 1853 by Alexis Soyer for what she says "is without doubt Cumberland sauce": "Cut the rind, free from pith, of two Seville oranges into very thin strips half an inch (1cm) in length, which blanch in boiling water, drain them upon a sieve and put them into a basin, with a spoonful of mixed English mustard, four of currant jelly, a little pepper, salt (mix well together) and half a pint (300ml) of good port wine." Soyer described his recipe as "the German method of making a sauce to be eaten with boar's head", and David followed up the German connection with mention of the popular belief that the sauce was named for the Hanoverian prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland. She added that a simple connection with the county of Cumberland (now part of Cumbria) was also a possibility. Two Cumberland newspapers of the 1850s repeatedly carried advertisements for a bottled Cumberland sauce, although no hint was given of the ingredients. After commenting that the supposed Hanoverian origin was "as good as any and better than some", David added that it was odd that Cumberland sauce is not mentioned in any 19th-century cookery book, including those by Eliza Acton, Mrs Beeton and Charles Elmé Francatelli. The first printed recipe for a specifically named Cumberland sauce identified by David was in a French book about English food, published in 1904. She found further French associations: Henry Babinski described a similar sauce in his Gastronomie pratique (1907), and Auguste Escoffier popularised it and printed his recipe in the "Sauces anglaises froides" section of his Ma cuisine (1934), particularly commending the sauce as an accompaniment to cold venison.

In David's view it is "the best of all sauces for cold meat – ham, pressed beef, tongue, venison, boar's head or pork brawn". More recently Michel Roux, Sr. wrote of Cumberland sauce that it was his favourite sauce for terrines, pâtés and game. "We often serve it at The Waterside Inn and I never tire of it. It adds an entirely new dimension to a pork pie bought from the delicatessen".

A Polish variant omits mustard and wine, adds horseradish, and fries the orange zest before adding it to the mixture. A New Zealand version adds grated beetroot. Recipes for more or less the generic version on Soyer's lines appear in cookery books from, among other countries, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ireland, Spain, Sweden and the US.

title: Cumberland sauce


text:
Zacualpan, Nayarit

Zacualpan is a small town in the Mexican state of Nayarit, located at 21.25°N, -105.16667°W. It is bordered by Las Varas and San Isidro. It is a community that has experienced rapid growth due to tourism.

This is a small town of some 4,000-5,000 residents. Most of the people living here are farmers or support the farming community. The town was founded by the Santana family, who owned much land around town, in the 1920s. Some members still reside in town or in the capital of the state whilst some left to California. The town is also home to many successful musical acts.

The town of zacualpan, is a place that has rich traditions and fiestas making it stand out among the surrounding towns. From the well-known traditions of the place, the town's patron saint festivals known as "La Santa Cruz" are celebrated. The town square is filled with rides, live music, dances and merchants. The party lasts for ten days, starting on April 24 and ending on May 3.

Another reason for which the town of Zacualpan is known, is for the rich devotion to the divine child of the Catholic Church, every first Sunday of each month, a special mass is held, where people from different places gather to the pilgrimage and mass commemorating the "holy miraculous child".

Within the popular music of the town the Sinaloan type band is found, but the Mariachi is also heard. There is a wide variety of dishes, in which seafood, (ceviche, shaken fish, shrimp, etc.), beef, pork, goat and sheep are used as main ingredients.

The Zacualpan area is popular due to the nearby tourist sites, the town is part of the way to reach the beach, being located a few kilometers from the sea.

title: Zacualpan, Nayarit


text:
Category:British National Vegetation Classification mire communities

This category groups together articles on the mire communities of the British National Vegetation Classification system.


text:
Talk:Interstate 240 (Oklahoma)

Reassessment
Aside from a reference for a ceremonial designation, the route description is wholly unreferenced. Additionally, the first paragraph of the history doesn't seem to be supported by either of the two other references in the section. –  T M F 03:01, 9 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Interstate 240 (Oklahoma)


text:
Bioactive

Bioactive may refer to:

 * Biological activity, the effect of a drug or compound on living matter
 * Bioactive compounds, a compound that has an effect on a living organism, tissue /cell
 * Bioactive glass,a group of surface reactive glass-ceramic biomaterials used as implanted devices in the human body to repair and replace diseased or damaged bones
 * Bioactive paper, a paper-based sensor that can identify various contaminants in food and water
 * Bioactive terrarium, a terrarium/vivarium which includes a population of invertebrates and microbes to process animal waste

title: Bioactive


text:
User talk:Katiehertel

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions, or the ones you have yet to make! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.
 * User:Redwolf24/Bootcamp My own personal summarized Bootcamp.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24 (Talk) 22:59, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

P.S. I like messages :-P

title: User talk:Katiehertel


text:
Talk:Jaunė

The original text of this article
I contacted the person by email, assuming that would be the original author 193.109.145.194, and they confirmed by email that the information here was in error and that in fact, it referred to the wives of Lubart, son of Gediminas and Jewna. I am moving the original contents to the Talk:Lubart page for those who know the subject to verify it and merge into Lubart. - Introvert   talk  22:59, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Translation from the chronicle
Text in Ruthenian: "Y kniaziu welikomu Olgierdu, starszemu bratu ich, y kniaziu welikomu Kieystutiu ne spodobałosia im na Wilni y na kniastwe Litowskom dla nekotorych pryczyn, bo kniahinia Jewna umerła.

My attempt at a gloss: "And [to the] Grand Prince Olgierd, their older brother, and [to the] grand prince Kieystut, it was displeasing [to him] in Vilnius, and [on the] Lithuanian throne for several reasons, because the princess Jewna had died."

I'm most confused by the "im na Wilni y na..." portion, as the dative im has no clear antecedent. Could use some insight from a Slavic speaker. Also, I only vaguely recollect that бо in Ukrainian is "because", and I may very well be mistaken. Same with spodobalosia; if I recall - big if - сподобалося is Ukrainian for "it pleasing + [dative]" (like нравиться in Russian?). That may not even be the same word, though. KolyaFrankovich 18:22, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for getting back to this -- I was trying to keep my hopes alive :) As far as I can see, speaking Russian only, I came up with pretty much the same translation. Here's an expanded quotation from the Bychovets chronicle which might make better sense:
 * Kniaziu Jewnutiu panuiuczy na Wilni y na Welikom kniastwe Litowskom. Y kniaziu welikomu Olgierdu, starszemu bratu ich, y kniaziu welikomu Kieystutiu ne spodobałosia im na Wilni y na kniastwe Litowskom dla nekotorych pryczyn, bo kniahinia Jewna umerła [ в Евреиновской летописи: чтоб брат их на том княжствЂ сидЂл ]
 * ... which I reconstruct in Russian this way:
 * Князь Евнутий правил в Вильно и в Великом княжестве Литовском. И не понравилось великому князю Ольгерду, старшему брату их, и великому князю Кейстуту, не понравилось им по некоторым причинам в Вильно и в княжестве Литовском, потому что княгиня Евна умерла (в Евреиновской летописи: не понравилось, чтобы брат их на том княжестве сидел)
 * ...and am now hoping that you are much better able than me to make that whole thing into glossy English :)
 * something like this,
 * "Prince Jawnut reigned in Wilno (Vilnius) and in Great Lithuania. And his elder brother the Grand Prince Olgierd, and the Grand Prince Kiejstut became displeased in Vilnius and Grand Lithuania for some reasons as princess Jewna had died [or: because they didn't like it that their brother kept the throne ]
 * - Introvert  ~?  06:50, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Now we're getting somewhere! Context helps.  I made an almost identical translation into Russian (doing it in Latin characters messes with the mind) but didn't have the helpful first sentence.  So how's this for a gloss:
 * "Prince Jewnut reigned in Vilnius and the Grand Principality of Lithuania. It displeased both his older brother the Grand Prince Olgierd and the Grand Prince Keystut in Vilnius and the Principality of Lithuania for several reasons, as the Princess Jewna had died.  (in European chronicles: they were displeased that their brother sat on the throne)"
 * I'm still a little confused as to why it's "starszemu brat ich" - assuming that ich = их, I'm guessing that the plural refers to Prince Keystut in the previous paragraph. In any case, I think we're coming along.  KolyaFrankovich 10:58, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes we're getting there all right -- between my English and our Ruthenian... :) Your tranlsation looks quite accurate to me but a couple subtleties perhaps...
 * To both Kiejstut and Jawnut, Olgierd was their elder brother -- that's why ich (их, their). It doesn't have to be translated exactly word-by-word, I don't think? the way we got it looks fine to me.
 * A bit more of the story for you, as far as I learned. According to the Giedymin's will, Jewnut became the Prince of Lithuania, sat in Wilno, and -- here's the catch -- the Queen/Princess (княгиня) Jewna, their mother, lived with Jewnut in Wilno also. Under the same will of Giedymin, Olgierd and Keystut had principalities for them to own, as well. It seems that as long as mother Jewna was there, Jewnut's loving belligerent brothers kept minding their own business.  But once she died, Olgierd and Keystut, apparently each being stronger, more authoritative, perhaps more aggressive and with greater will to power than Jewnut, didn't like it that Jewnut would have continued to reign in the absense of the Queen mother, and decided to raid Wilno and take over him and divide Lithuania and Wilno among themselves (and they did) -- for whatever "some/several reasons". They then made Jewnut a Duke in some other place.
 * All that said, the only point in quoting from the chronicle in the article a bout Jewna was, I think, that the chronicle somehow ties back to the year 1344 when she died (don't know exactly how the historians did this). There's nothing else there about Jewna personally. So I certainly didn't mean that any of my ramble needs to go anywhere, but I just thought that my freestyle retelling of the "horror" story might help you in your efforts to add more glint, if you want.
 * So how do you feel about this:
 * "Prince Jewnut reigned in Vilnius and the Grand Principality of Lithuania. Both his older brother the Grand Prince Olgierd and the Grand Prince Keystut became displeased by Vilnius and the Principality of Lithuania for several reasons, as the Princess Jewna had died  (in Evreinov chronicle: they were displeased that their brother would have kept that throne)"
 * Note: "Евреиновская летопись" --> Evreinov chronicle (not "European"), was named after the last owner who donated the 17th-century manuscript to historical archives http://litopys.org.ua/psrl3235/lytov14.htm#evrejin.
 * Also, should we perhaps leave Vilnuis at Wilno? since we use all other names in their versions as in the chronicle. Leaving to your discretion... Kind regards - Introvert  ~?  08:29, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

That gloss looks excellent, and I like the idea of leaving Wilno in. Therefore I propose this as a final gloss:
 * Sounds cool to me. D'oh on the Евреиновская; I just stopped reading after Евр-.
 * ""Prince Jewnut reigned in Vilnius and the Grand Principality of Lithuania. Both his older brother the Grand Prince Olgierd and the Grand Prince Keystut became displeased by Wilno (Vilnius) and the Principality of Lithuania for several reasons, as the Princess Jewna had died  (in the Evreinov Chronicle: they were displeased that their brother would have kept that throne)""
 * Thanks also for clearing up the 'ich' thing that was bothering me. I'm not good at wiki formatting (I really only do French -> English translations and other translation gruntwork), so could you  put this on the page?  This has been fun! KolyaFrankovich 14:15, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The final gloss looks perfect and I will try and wrap it all up shortly, not to worry. Merci bien - спасибо - Introvert  ~?  09:10, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Removed chronicle translation
The following was removed by me because it's not encyclopedic. Such stuff belongs on Wikisource. And the colors...

 Chronika Bichowcja

(Ruthenian language in Polish transliteration)

''Kniaziu Jewnutiu panuiuczy na Wilni y na Welikom kniastwe Litowskom. Y kniaziu welikomu Olgierdu, starszemu bratu ich, y kniaziu welikomu Kieystutiu ne spodobałosia im na Wilni y na kniastwe Litowskom dla nekotorych pryczyn, bo kniahinia Jewna umerła. Y ne chotiaczy toho, sztoby on na tom mestcy starszym sedeł...''

 In the Bykhovets Chronicle (translation):

Prince Jewnut reigned in Wilno and the Grand Principality of Lithuania. Both his older brother the Grand Prince Olgierd and the Grand Prince Keystut became displeased by Wilno and the Principality of Lithuania for several reasons, as the Princess Jewna had died. And they wanted not that their brother would have kept that throne...

Renata 21:19, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jaunė


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2005 October 9

Category:Musical performers with copy control releases

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. «» Who ? ¿ ? meta 09:40, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Unnecessary and indirect. We already have a category for the actual releases. Dtcdthingy 23:27, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose: These performers have technologically isolated their releases. I like being able to identify them so I can buy music which plays on all my audio devices.  The category also may be useful in the future for comparison between this class of performers and more open ones.  (SEWilco 19:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC))
 * These were the original reasons for creating this category. It may be hard for a Wikipedia reader to check all the releases separately to see, if the artist "part takes" in copy control. But it is true that the category is also very hard to maintain because it doesn't work automaticly. This means that Wikipedians are doing the hard work for reader. I've been unsure all the time, if this category is a good or a bad idea, so I'm happy that this is being discussed. --Easyas12c 21:33, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Musical performers may have just one "copy control release" and many many that aren't, does that make this category appropriate for them?  The phenomenon is intresesting, and a list of performers should be maintained, but I'm not convinced that this should be an actual category as it's much less informative for musical performers than, say, style, region, or era. siafu 00:23, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "So you're not a killer, if you kill someone, but let lots of people live?" There is a point that maybe there is a better way to do this than a category. As this category is not automatic anyway. Maybe a list with number of albums published and number of copy controlled ones? --Easyas12c 22:47, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Minor attribute. The music categories are complicated enough without this. Wikipeida is not a buyers' guide. CalJW 08:28, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * That was not the point. The point was wether or not it is a release, if you can't listen to it. --Easyas12c 22:47, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Piccadilly 11:35, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; by definition, it's an attribute of the album, not of the artist. And, for that matter, it's not always by the artist's choice. Bearcat 06:30, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Maybe, if you live in a totalitaristic or anarchistic nation. In civilised world artists get to choose for their work. It is their choise, wether they sign a contract with evil record companies or not. --Easyas12c 18:42, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * At least one major label band have actually posted instructions to their website on how to break the copy control on their CD, because it had been imposed by the label against their will. Signing to a major label does not equal consent to give up all control over how your music is marketed. Bearcat 06:00, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as proposed. Carina22 09:58, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

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Buildings in New York City

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The result of the debate was Rename. «» Who ? ¿ ? meta 09:38, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

This category and its subcategory should have "and structures" added in line with policy: Rename CalJW 20:29, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Category:Buildings in New York City --> category:Buildings and structures in New York City
 * Category:Buildings in Manhattan --> category:Buildings and structures in Manhattan.

 * Rename per policy. Although don't know why "Buildings and structure" instead of "Structures".  (SEWilco 19:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC))
 * Rename. No argument. siafu 00:27, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

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Subcats of Category:Zoos

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The result of the debate was No change to categories Naming conventions candidate. «» Who ? ¿ ? meta 09:37, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Add "Zoos in foo" as the convention for by-country subcats to Naming conventions (categories). No renaming necessary. -- Rick Block (talk) 18:13, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Add as convention. (SEWilco 19:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC))
 * Be bold. siafu 00:32, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * If we seek a new speedy-rename rule, it can't be done properly by being bold. -Splash talk 00:24, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename as convention per nom. -Splash talk 00:24, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Favour zoofoo convention. Bearcat 06:33, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename as proposed. Carina22 09:58, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

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Subcats of Category:Gardens

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The result of the debate was Rename. Naming conventions candidate. «» Who ? ¿ ? meta 09:34, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Add "Gardens in foo" as the convention for by-country subcats to Naming conventions (categories), and rename as follows. -- Rick Block (talk) 17:55, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Category:British gardens → Category:Gardens in the United Kingdom
 * Category:Italian gardens → Category:Gardens in Italy

 * Add as convention. (SEWilco 19:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC))
 * Rename. No argument. siafu 00:36, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename - go with the convention that similar cats have. Epolk 15:51, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename as convention per nom. -Splash talk 00:24, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Towns in the Falkland Islands to category:Settlements in the Falkland Islands

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The result of the debate was Rename. «» Who ? ¿ ? meta 09:33, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

The article about the capital Stanley, Falkland Islands says it is the only town in the islands, and given that the remainder of the islands has about 1,500 people in total, that makes sense. Surely it would be better to call this category:Settlements in the Falkland Islands. Piccadilly 09:51, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename - fine with me as creator of the category - that does sound like a better title. Warofdreams talk 13:09, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename - I'm working on the WikiProject Falklands War. Apart from Stanley, they are more settlements than towns. Megapixie 03:36, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename - although some of the "towns" in Scotland have only a few hundred people!!! --MacRusgail 19:34, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Jamaican towns to Category:Cities and towns in Jamaica

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The result of the debate was Rename. «» Who ? ¿ ? meta 09:30, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Rename - 1.} Wrong naming convention (Fooian towns), 2.) There are also a few cities in Jamaica, but maybe only "Towns in Jamaica" would be good? Darwinek 09:25, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename category:Cities and towns in Jamaica Given that according to the list there are only two cities in Jamaica, they might as well stay in the same category as the towns as they are now.CalJW 20:44, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename per convention. (SEWilco 19:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC))
 * That doesn't fully answer the question. The convention depends on the circumstances. CalJW 08:29, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename per the first proposal, ie "cities and towns". Piccadilly 11:35, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Australian crime to Category:Crime in Australia

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The result of the debate was Rename. Naming conventions candidate. «» Who ? ¿ ? meta 09:26, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Rename category:Crime in Australia to match the other categories in Category:Crime by country. CalJW 08:29, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename, and establish "Crime in foo" as the convention at Naming conventions (categories). -- Rick Block (talk) 16:44, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename and make convention. (SEWilco 19:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC))
 * Rename and agree, make convention. -- Longhair | Talk 21:38, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename and make convention. -Splash talk 00:24, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename as per above. -- Ian ≡ talk 00:04, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename for the reasons stated above Agnte 19:59, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Nature in Singapore to Category:Natural history of Singapore

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The result of the debate was Rename. Naming conventions candidate. «» Who ? ¿ ? meta 09:25, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Rename Category:Natural history of Singapore to match all the other categories in category:Natural history by country. CalJW 08:02, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename, and establish "Natural history of foo" as the convention at Naming conventions (categories). -- Rick Block (talk) 16:48, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename per convention. (SEWilco 19:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC))
 *  Rename Piccadilly 11:35, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Crimes by nationality

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The result of the debate was delete. «» Who ? ¿ ? meta 09:24, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

This contained 5 articles, none of which was about a specific crime (one of them was Israeli-Palestinian conflict). It was effectively a duplicate of category:Crime by country and I have relocated the other four items to that and its subcategories. Also, crimes do not have a nationality. Delete CalJW 07:43, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Rick Block (talk) 18:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. (SEWilco 19:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC))
 * Delete. No argument. siafu 21:48, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. There are a frightening number of things in the cat system which have been granted nationalities they do not have! -Splash talk 00:24, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Crimes in Singapore to Category:Crime in Singapore

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The result of the debate was Rename. «» Who ? ¿ ? meta 09:23, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Non-standard category. It is being used as a general category about crime, not a category for individual crimes. Rename Category:Crime in Singapore. CalJW 07:38, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename -- Rick Block (talk) 18:34, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename. (SEWilco 19:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC))
 * Rename Piccadilly 11:35, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename -- Ian ≡ talk 00:06, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Australian physicians to category:Australian doctors

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The result of the debate was Rename. «» Who ? ¿ ? meta 09:22, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

This should be renamed category:Australian doctors in line with local usage, as the other British English influenced "physician" categories were recently. CalJW 07:28, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename Piccadilly 11:35, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename per nom, so long as we're sure the term 'physician' isn't in general usage for any medical class in Australia. (But even if it is, the articles still need fixing.) -Splash talk 00:24, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename Carina22 09:58, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Places in Georgia (country)

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The result of the debate was Delete. «» Who ? ¿ ? meta 09:21, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Another of these vague non-standard "places" categories. I have moved the four items to the standard categories. Delete CalJW 07:00, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Rick Block (talk) 18:36, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. (SEWilco 19:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC))
 * Delete. No argument. siafu 21:49, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, very vague. -Splash talk 00:24, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Joseon to Category:Joseon Dynasty

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The result of the debate was Rename. «» Who ? ¿ ? meta 09:18, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Joseon has multiple meanings. This category only stands for Joseon Dynasty. Rename to Category:Joseon Dynasty.
 * Rename CalJW 08:29, 9 October 2005 (UTC) (not my nomination)
 * Rename to clarify. (SEWilco 19:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC))
 * Rename. No argument. siafu 21:49, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Russian science and technology to Category:Science and technology in Russia

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The result of the debate was Rename. «» Who ? ¿ ? meta 09:17, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

I'm not sure why I missed this one when the bulk renaming was done. Rename to standard category:Science and technology in Russia. CalJW 06:00, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename, and establish "Science and technology in foo" as the convention at Naming conventions (categories). -- Rick Block (talk) 16:52, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename to Category:Science and technology in the Russian Empire and Category:Science and technology in the Russian Republic. Per User:Mikkalai, use of word "Russia" alone implies a cultural state of being (which, e.g., remains a constant throughout the Soviet period) rather than a country proper.  Staying with this Mikkalai-enforced rule, as at Category:Film, Russian Empire and Russian Republic must be used to disambiguate the countries existing pre- and post-USSR. [Signature added; sorry about that]. 12.73.195.22 13:26, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename to Empire and Republic per previous (anonymous?) voter.
 * Comment This vote is anonymous too. A category can't be renamed to 2 different names. There are no first tier subcategories in category:Russia which include the word "Republic", so the proposal is in breach of convention. It is not standard to divide other countries main categories into eras in this way. However, the proposed renaming is not incompatible with the anonymous voters' position, and if they want to subdivide the category, there is nothing to stop them from doing so. There's no knowing whether anyone else will. But is is a bad idea which will make accessing articles harder for the user. The category system is a navigation tool, not an arena for making statements. I don't think these should count as no votes, against a rename that counts as a speedy. As the proposal is a technical impossibility, these votes should be void imo. CalJW 08:34, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Fine, tell that to User:Mikkalai, who forces everyone to use categories about "Russia" to include select (by him) events and objects of the Soviet Union on the grounds that they contain evidence of a constant "Russian culture". He runs roughshod over anyone who disagrees with him, and reverts their attempts to make a distinction between "Russian" and "Soviet" national histories. 12.73.195.22 13:26, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The category system, at present at least, intends to have both historical and present-day countries in its structure. So an article can appear in more than one category relating to the 'same' country under its various historical incarnations. This one deals with what we now know as Russia, in common usage as the Manual of Style suggests. -Splash talk 00:24, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename as proposed. Piccadilly 11:35, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename per nominator. -Splash talk 00:24, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename per nominator. Carina22 09:58, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

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text:
Template:Spokane Radio

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text: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2005 October 9


text:
Talk:Foggy Bottom–GWU station

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text: User talk:63.240.122.161

title: User talk:63.240.122.161


text:
Council of Ministers (Cuba)

The Council of Ministers (Spanish: Consejo de ministros), also referred to as simply the Cabinet of Cuba, is the highest ranking executive and administrative body of the Republic of Cuba, and constitutes the nation's government. It consists of the President, the First Vice President and the five Vice Presidents of the Council of State, the Secretary of the Executive Committee, the heads of the national ministries, and other members as established by law.

The Executive Committee is a smaller body, consisting of the President and Vice Presidents of the Council of State, the Secretary and those ministers chosen by the President. The Council of Ministers is responsible for the implementation of policy agreements authorized by the National Assembly of People’s Power. These agreements are designated to individual ministries. The council also proposes general plans for economic and social development, which are in turn authorized by the National Assembly twice yearly.

The Council of Ministers also directs Cuba's foreign policy and its relations with other governments; approves international treaties before passing them over for ratification of the Council of State; directs and oversees foreign trade and the State budget. The Council of Ministers enforces laws authorized by the National Assembly, which are passed by the Council of State.

As a result of a referendum which was held on February 24, 2019, the Council of Ministers, and its power over the Cuban government, will be led by a Prime Minister.

Current members
The body, was reformed in December 2019 with the appointment of Manuel Marrero Cruz as Prime Minister - the first with that title in 43 years - and six new ministers. It currently consists of:

title: Council of Ministers (Cuba)


text:
Talk:Farragut West station

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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Brainkabob

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The result of the debate was Result: Delete -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 01:31, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Brainkabob
Non-notable studio. 202.156.6.60 23:01, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Andrew pmk | Talk 23:26, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
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Talk:McPherson Square station

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title: Talk:McPherson Square station


text:
Talk:The Most Serene Republic

name?
Do you know for sure that their name is from Venice? There's also the Most Serene Republic of San Marino, Genoa, and a couple others. Most Serene Republic

Awiseman 23:02, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:The Most Serene Republic


text:
Talk:Various Positions

Contract
Tom,

How come you removed the line about Cohen not being under contract with Columbia at the time? I have been trying to remember the source, and I think it might be The Complete Guide to the Music of Leonard Cohen by Maurice Ratcliff. – Hattrem 03:53, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll check it - as far I know, Cohen told that he NEVER lost the contract with Columbia and it was never questioned, although all was thinking that when DOALM was released at Spector's Warner. In any case, Columbia/Sony released VP in Europe, and I know for sure that Cohen did not know they will not put the album out - he discovered that *after* his talk to that guy, while he was browsing thru the catalogue of Columbia's forthcoming releases and didn't find his record.Tomsak 14:52, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Nadel doesn't mention any problems with contract, he only says that Cohen recorded the album for CBS in CBS's studio in NYC, and then they decided not to release it. (Also, he says Passport was sublabel of Jem Records). Tomsak 13:51, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay, thank you for checking it up. – Hattrem 16:35, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

Scaruffis review
i'm gonna remove it, a long time ago i battled to get scaruffi of of the list for reliable critics, and i was victoriuos, so damn him, this album has 3 others, so we don't need the old beatles hater. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.79.152.84 (talk) 02:34, 9 March 2011 (UTC)

His/her
In the first paragraph, when it says "...after his work on harmonies and backing vocals...", I think it should be "...after HER work on harmonies and backing vocals..." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 186.18.252.125 (talk) 02:00, 20 October 2016 (UTC)

Date of recording
Is there any evidence for the recording in June 1983 (summer of 1983)? Since it was released first in December 1984 it is quite long before.

N.B.: It's June 1984 on the French Wikipedia site. 217.149.169.120 (talk) 18:10, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Various Positions