text:
Hearts of Space

Hearts of Space is an American weekly syndicated public radio show featuring music of a contemplative nature drawn largely from the ambient, new-age and electronic genres, while also including classical, world, Celtic, experimental, and other music selections. For many years, the show's producer and presenter, Stephen Hill, has applied the term "space music" to the music broadcast on the show, irrespective of genre. It is the longest-running radio program of its type in the world. Each episode ends with Hill gently saying, "Safe journeys, space fans ... wherever you are."

History
Hearts of Space was created in 1973 by Stephen Hill, and co-produced by Hill and Anna Turner. It was first broadcast as Music from the Hearts of Space, a three-hour-long late-night show on KPFA in Berkeley, California. It was hosted by Hill under the on-air pseudonym "Timotheo", with Turner becoming co-host from 1974 to 1986 as "Annamystic".

Shortened to a one-hour version, it entered syndication on public radio on January 1, 1983, and quickly grew in popularity, signing its 200th station within three years. In December 2009, it was still broadcast by over 200 public radio stations weekly. Until April 1, 2010, the show was also broadcast nightly by XM Satellite Radio. Beginning on its Audio Visions channel in 2001, older shows aired weeknights at 11 PM ET. The current week's show was broadcast on Saturdays at 9 AM ET, then repeated on Sundays at 9 PM ET. After the merger, Sirius XM Satellite Radio moved the program to its Spa channel until discontinuing it. On January 4, 2013, the show celebrated a milestone broadcasting its 1000th program on the 40th anniversary of its KPFA debut and 30th anniversary month/year of its national syndication on NPR. On November 12, 2021, it reached its latest milestone, 1,300 installments of the show have been produced.

Production details
Episodes, or "transmissions," are thematic, commencing with a voice-over introduction by Hill, followed by almost an hour of uninterrupted segue-mixed music. The show concludes with back-announced track details. Before she left the program in 1986, co-producer Anna Turner jointly announced the show with Hill. , Hearts of Space is presented by Hill and produced by Hill and Associate Producer Steve Davis. A number of other individuals have worked on Hearts of Space, including guest producer Ellen Holmes who created a series of "Adagio Recordings classical spacemusic" shows.

Related projects
The Hearts of Space radio show has spawned a number of related projects, including the Hearts of Space Archive, a commercial ambient-music streaming service started in 2001, and a record label started in 1984, Hearts of Space Records (including 5 divisions, sub-labels or label imprints: Hearts of Space Records, for the core space music; Hearts O' Space, for Irish/Celtic albums; World Class, for world-music albums; Fathom, for sounding the deep, dark ambient albums by artists such as Robert Rich and Steve Roach; and RGB, for soundtrack and pop-oriented electronic albums). The record label released nearly 150 albums over the course of its existence; it also licensed and released European albums in the U.S. During the 1980s Hill also produced albums for other labels, such as those of Eckart Rahn (Celestial Harmonies, Fortuna Records, and Kuckuck Schallplatten). In 2001, the label (and catalogue) was sold to Valley Entertainment. Stephen Hill, though no longer associated with the label's business side, continues to work on A&R and to produce new compilation recordings for the label.

Cultural influence
The show was parodied on Mystery Science Theater 3000 episode 303 (Pod People). A running gag during the film, which sported an ambient noise soundtrack similar to the music typical of the show, was to imitate the announcer of the program. One of the host segments featured "Music from Some Guys in Space" as a parody of the show. According to the Amazing Colossal Episode Guide, the MST3k staff were sent several albums from the Hearts of Space producers after the episode aired.

In a 1981 interview with Tom Snyder for The Tomorrow Show, convicted criminal Charles Manson said that he would listen to Hearts of Space when a radio was available to him.

title: Hearts of Space


text:
Talk:Coin orientation

Security feature?
How is this a security feature? I don't think the article makes this clear. --thirty-seven 06:37, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

I've removed this text: This is the most basic security feature on a coin, as most people have a tendency to flip a coin horizontally to see the reverse side. I find this text confusing; I see no connection between how people tend to flip a coin and security. If there is any such connection, it needs to be explained. --thirty-seven 06:27, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Indeed. It seems that it would only work as a security feature in the first couple of hours after the change was made (by which stage the counterfeiters would know what was happening!), and then only by experts. —Felix the Cassowary ( ɑe hɪː jɐ ) 10:02, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

How's flipping horizontally?
Does this mean that both faces share the same top (as Australian coins do), or that one side's top is the other's bottom? —Felix the Cassowary ( ɑe hɪː jɐ ) 08:56, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

I modified the page to address your question; hopefully it is clearer now. In short, coin orientation means one side's top is the other's bottom. Australian coins have medallic orientation.--thirty-seven 06:20, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Thankyou! —Felix the Cassowary ( ɑe hɪː jɐ ) 10:02, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

Swiss coins?
Some or all Swiss coins? I have a 5 Fr coin in my hand, and unless it's minted incorrectly, is medallically oriented. Unfortunately, I do not at this moment have access to my other Swiss coins. So what's the deal? -- M PD T / C 20:54, 12 February 2009 (UTC)

Merge
I have merged the contents of medallic orientation into this page. I can't see the need for two separate articles when the concepts are so closely aligned, and there is only one paragraph required to describe each. AtHomeIn神戸 (talk) 04:34, 31 August 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Coin orientation


text: Talk:Callaïs

title: Talk:Callaïs


text: Category:Buildings and structures in Senegal


text:
Veda Hlubinka-Cook

Veda Hlubinka-Cook (born Robert Cook, on December 26, 1964) is an American programmer and co-founder of Metaweb. The company was acquired by Google in 2010.

Career
Cook was a video game programmer at Broderbund in the 1980s. She designed and wrote the games Gumball and D/Generation;  was the model for one of the characters in Jordan Mechner's game Prince of Persia; and was technical director for The Last Express.

Personal life
She came out as transgender in 2017.

title: Veda Hlubinka-Cook


text: User talk:70.110.33.125

title: User talk:70.110.33.125


text: Category:Companies of Senegal

title: Category:Companies of Senegal


text:
Talk:Jane Zhang

Sings in Korean?
Is there any evidence that she can sing in Korean? If not, I'll move Korean from the article. Flora 06:40, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

I don't think she can sing korean, but i'm sure she can sing in Spanish, which is very talented. —Preceding unsigned comment added by ChongLi (talk • contribs) 2006-01-27T22:38:10
 * She sang a translated song from Korea, which translated name is (Chinese:大长今, Pinyin: Dà Chána Jīn). --Earthengine 17:44, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

Whistle register
I have re-added her to the Whistle register singers category. She can sing at least F6 as shown in http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fmzAcK64A8 - someone in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_talk:Whistle_register_singers said she's reached G6 while singing this same song, but she doesn't do it in that particular recording and I couldn't find one where she does. Mintariel 09:51, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

15:43, 28 November 2006 Kudeh (Talk | contribs) (Verifiable sources still missing re: whistling ability) What's that mean? I gave a source above. Mintariel 06:10, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

i think this is a better video of it http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZDdVNptxAU

Carbacca 22:53, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

Re-naming the Article
I think this article should be renamed as Jane Zhang, just for convenience sake. Omghgomg 10:23, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Convenience is irrelevant with redirects but support renaming per WP:UE and the subject's own preference. See references and external links, especially her official website, JaneZhang.com. —    AjaxSmack     05:04, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

NPOV
Jane's passionately interpreted melodies promise to solidify her status in the Mando-pop market., I don't think this statement is NPOV. Flora 02:57, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Finalthree2006.jpg
Image:Finalthree2006.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 18:51, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Done.  σмgн gσмg  00:32, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

GA Review

 * GA review (see here for criteria)

 * 1) It is reasonably well written.
 * a (prose): b (MoS):
 * 1) It is factually accurate and verifiable.
 * a (references): b (citations to reliable sources):  c (OR):
 * 1) It is broad in its coverage.
 * a (major aspects): b (focused):
 * 1) It follows the neutral point of view policy.
 * Fair representation without bias:
 * 1) It is stable.
 * No edit wars etc.:
 * 1) It is illustrated by images, where possible and appropriate.
 * a (images are tagged and non-free images have fair use rationales): b (appropriate use with suitable captions):
 * 1) Overall:
 * Pass/Fail:

Comments:
 * 1) The picture in the infobox needs a little context. ie. Jane Zhang in 2007 or Jane Zhang at event X... just something to contextualize the picture.
 * 2) What justification do you have for Fair Use for Finalthree2006.jpg you already have a free picture of her for the article (and a fair use one wouldn't qualify for a living person anyways) and certainly the photograph shows nothing about the competition that couldn't be accurately and appropriately conveyed with words alone. Unless there's a good reason to keep it up there, it needs to be deleted.
 * 3) The lead needs to conform to WP:LEAD. Specifically, it needs to touch upon every major point made in the article, which is currently does not do. For example, there's nothing in the lead about the "2006 – update" section. It also contains facts that are not present in the body of the article, such as her vocal register, another violation of WP:DATE.
 * 4) All one-two sentence paragraphs need to be either expanded or merged with the surrounding paragraphs, as they cannot stand alone. On further review, the sections are borderline proseliney.
 * 5) Youtube is not a reliable source to source something like her vocal range. This need to be cited with a better link.
 * 6) Some statements require citations:
 * The first two "paragraphs" of "2005: Super Girl competition"
 * Where are the citations/reference for the "Performances in Super Girl competition" section?
 * The first two "paragraphs" of "2005-2006: The One"
 * 1) "This usage originally came from Hong Kong years ago, but nowadays more people use it." (2005: Super Girl competition) This phrase will not date properly, as today's "nowadays" will not be the same "nowadays" 100 years from now. This needs to be reworded.
 * 2) The "2005: Super Girl competition" section needs a little more explanation. What is the "Super Girl" competition, how important is it, how big is it etc. etc. You touch on this in the lead, but then do not expand upon or even restate these facts in the main body of the article.
 * 3) "After the completion of the competition, Zhang was invited to visit her alma mater in Sichuan University during its orientation week celebration in early September." Why was her university career not even mentioned in the "Early years" section? What did she major in? How long did she go there? etc. etc. Just one hint that "broadness of coverage" may not be present here.

I started doing a copyedit, but I stopped when I realized that this article needs, if not some significant rewriting, then at least some serious time working on prose, content and grammar. Normally, when a review encounters minor problems, the article is put on hold for a period of up to seven days. In this case, however, I think that this article would benefit from a project-specific peer review, or at least some time taken to carefully mold the prose and have fresh eyes look over it (another editor perhaps), something I feel would benefit from more than a week's work/break. For that reason, I am failing the article at this time. Once these concerns have been addressed, you may renominate the article. If you feel that this review is in error, you may take it to WP:GAR. Thank you for your work thus far. Cheers, CP 19:53, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

 * All addressed.  σмgн gσмg  10:43, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

Prose
I think a lot of the nitpicks I have with the prose are related to the sheer number of run-on sentences there are. A lot of the time, two clauses will be joined by either a comma or "and", even though one sentence could very well be omitted. Example: "Zhang was the only Asian female singer who received an invitation to participate[42] and it was reported that Craig Williams recommended Zhang to the organiser of the event." Does it REALLY matter if Craig Williams recommended her to the organizer? If it does, it should stand on its own, seeing as the rest of the paragraph deals with Jane Zhang's involvement with the event. Pandacomics 21:45, 4 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, be bold. Improve on the article as you see fit.  σмgн gσмg  21:56, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

GA Pass
Based on the issues addressed above, passing. Some more things to improve on: Otherwise, well done - GA! — H 2O —  09:16, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Ref 9 - there shouldn't be a space between ref and full stop.
 * "Label(s) 	Huayi Brothers Corp. [1]" - No refs in infobox, please.
 * Sources 18, 20, 30 and 31 contain redlinks.

More comments
More geared towards FA... Yeah...that's mostly all I could find. Dihydrogen  Monoxide  10:03, 9 November 2007 (UTC)
 * "Also, she had been given the nickname "The Dolphin Princess" during the competition[3]due to her ability to sing the whistle register.[4] " - sentences shouldn't start with also, the ref should come after some punctuation.
 * "They have given her this nickname because Chinese musicians refer to the whistle register as the dolphin vocal sound" - Previous sentence was in past tense, this one isn't (the same...)
 * "Her debut album was titled The One and it was produced by Craig Williams.[6]" - "Zhang's debut album was titled The One, and was produced by Craig Williams.[6]"
 * "humanitarian relief.[8]Other artists" - Need a space after the ref
 * Work place is one word (workplace)
 * Many refs need publisher info (see cite web)
 * "to buy cassettes.[10]After graduatin" - Space after ref
 * "In 2005, she entered the local Chengdu preliminaries" - She --> Zhang
 * "Her fans called themselves "Liang Fen" (凉粉)" - Traditional and simple Chinese....
 * "As such, she has been recognized by the professional judges and audiences as the most talented singer and even regarded by some critics to be one of the top-level foreign language singers in China. [20] " - No space before ref
 * "The E.P. contains six" - E.P. --> EP
 * "Craig Williams.[6]She also collaborated " - Space after ref
 * "with Celine Dion and R. Kelly. [36] The album " - No space ref
 * "en's Fund. [47]" - No space before ref (this seems to be the main issue)

The following suggestions were generated by a semi-automatic javascript program, and might not be applicable for the article in question. You may wish to browse through User:AndyZ/Suggestions for further ideas. Thanks, Dihydrogen   Monoxide  10:03, 9 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Automated stuff!
 * Per Wikipedia:Context and Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates), months and days of the week generally should not be linked. Years, decades, and centuries can be linked if they provide context for the article.[?]
 * Per Wikipedia:Context and Build the web, years with full dates should be linked; for example, link January 15, 2006.[?]
 * As per Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates), dates shouldn't use th; for example, instead of using January 30th was a great day, use January 30 was a great day.[?]
 * The script has spotted the following contractions: Don't, if these are outside of quotations, they should be expanded.
 * As done in WP:FOOTNOTE, footnotes usually are located right after a punctuation mark (as recommended by the CMS, but not mandatory), such that there is no space in between. For example, the sun is larger than the moon [2]. is usually written as the sun is larger than the moon.[2][?]
 * Please ensure that the article has gone through a thorough copyediting so that it exemplifies some of Wikipedia's best work. See also User:Tony1/How to satisfy Criterion 1a.[?]

update
Jane Zhang has been doing many things since 2011

See the official website and in http://news.baidu.com/ns?cl=2&rn=20&tn=news&word=%D5%C5%F6%A6%D3%B1 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.137.160.2 (talk) 21:33, 18 June 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 8 one external links on Jane Zhang. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070919091404/http://www.shoushen.com:80/Article/mingxing/mxing/2006-03-23/20060323155933.html to http://www.shoushen.com/Article/mingxing/mxing/2006-03-23/20060323155933.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080901192235/http://www.cnhan.com:80/big5/content/2005-09/28/content_520268.htm to http://www.cnhan.com/big5/content/2005-09/28/content_520268.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070813034339/http://english.jschina.com.cn:80/gb/jschina/english/entertainment/entertainmentevents/userobject1ai1300243.shtml to http://english.jschina.com.cn/gb/jschina/english/entertainment/entertainmentevents/userobject1ai1300243.shtml
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090322172006/http://www.janezhang.com:80/english/news/13/30.html to http://www.janezhang.com/english/news/13/30.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120916103917/http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=306627 to http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=306627
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20071214044558/http://amuse.nen.com.cn:80/73748651528159232/20071209/2364244.shtml to http://amuse.nen.com.cn/73748651528159232/20071209/2364244.shtml
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20111125121629/http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/284075/40000-fans-attend-7th-asia-song-festival-seoul to http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/284075/40000-fans-attend-7th-asia-song-festival-seoul
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20110612015209/http://english.kofice.or.kr:80/d40_asia/d40_asia_02_2010y.asp to http://english.kofice.or.kr/d40_asia/d40_asia_02_2010y.asp

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Good article re-assessment
Good evening all, please be advised that this article's GA status is currently being re-assessed. Interested parties are invited to get involved in the review, and help improve the article. The review can be found here: Good article reassessment/Jane Zhang/1. Regards, AustralianRupert (talk) 09:51, 30 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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 * Janezhangmigu1601.jpg

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 06:52, 24 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Jane Zhang The 59th Annual Grammy Awards.jpg

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
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Plagiarism and other serious scholarly issues found
After coming here to check one detail, I found, first, that the sources appearing in the early life section of the biography either (1) did not support the facts presented, or (2) misstated them in part relative to what was said in the source (e.g., nowhere in the afixed source was it stated that "Jayne Eyre" was her favourite book). As such, tags were afixed, and the text was changed to match the source.

Then, the same issues became apparent in the lede—sentences appear that do not summarise the main body, but rather introduce new facts, but in neither the lede nor the main body are the purported facts sourced. The tags were attached to these unsourced sentences. Next, I found that the date and place of birth did not appear in the sources afixed to these lead and later sentences, so these were also marked as needing sources. 'As a result of all of this, the article tag, "This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification." was placed. I would note that this appears to be the sad outcome of adding sources only later, after the content was first posted without sources. This is always a waste of time—it is never as efficient to do the forensic work to try to find a source, than it is to place the source from the very start—and unless one is very careful (comparing in each case of a missing source, the word for word presentation of the source against the text of the article, and correcting the article to the real source—see today's "Jane Eyre" edit—the post hoc addition of sources only gives the appearance of scholarship, when the article still contains source gross inaccuracies' (and even plagiarism, see below).

Even more critically, (1) nearly every other place I looked, when completing citations—adding authors, title-translations, etc.—I found the same issues of missing citations and misused inline citations, and (2) in the 2009–2015 career subsection, it went as far as being outright WP:PLAGIARISM—the content of the source was presented unchanged (verbatim) from the source, without use of quotation marks. This discovered plagiarism was remedied by converting the "cribbed" sentences to quotes.

Finally, the article has an unclear citation style—authors are sometimes last name first, sometimes not; dates are sometimes western, sometimes not, etc.—and there are many, many, many remaining cases of poor English grammar and usage (errors in punctuation, subject-verb agreement, capitalisation, use of articles, etc.). Hence, the "complete citations" and the "copy editing" article tags were placed.

In conclusion, I would note that the whole of the article needs to be checked for plagiarism, that is, sentence by sentence, the text that appears now needs to be checked against the inline citations appearing, any plagiarism discovered needs be removed, and then editing needs to be done to make the text match the source or tags need to be placed if the material seems valuable, but is not in the afixed source. The plagiarism is what it is—any use of the ideas of another writer without attributing their work to them, any appropriation of the words of another without either quotation marks and inline citation, or clear paraphrase and inline citation constitute academic dishonesty. In a university setting, such behaviour would result in a failing grade in the course, and if repeated, suspension/expulsion. General societal expectations in the West being what they are, and your WP rules being as clearly stated as they are, there is no excuse for blatant and rampant plagiarism here. [ a former professor ]  2601:246:C700:19D:6D96:D6A7:C530:8A5C (talk) 07:21, 5 February 2020 (UTC)

Copy-edit
I've just gone through it for WomenInRed. Please see the diff for inline (invisible) comments where I was uncertain of the intended meaning. In a few places there's a lack of precision, and there are a few instances of overt subjective opinion concerning aspects of her style. Tony (talk)  05:47, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Jane Zhang


text:
Simple interactive object extraction

Simple interactive object extraction (SIOX) is an algorithm for extracting foreground objects from color images and videos with very little user interaction. It has been implemented as "foreground selection" tool in the GIMP (since version 2.3.3), as part of the tracer tool in Inkscape (since 0.44pre3), and as function in ImageJ and Fiji (plug-in). Experimental implementations were also reported for Blender and Krita. Although the algorithm was originally designed for videos, virtually all implementations use SIOX primarily for still image segmentation. In fact, it is often said to be the current de facto standard for this task in the open-source world. Initially, a free hand selection tool is used to specify the region of interest. It must contain all foreground objects to extract and as few background as possible. The pixels outside the region of interest form the sure background while the inner region define a superset of the foreground, i.e. the unknown region. A so-called foreground brush is then used to mark representative foreground regions. The algorithm outputs a selection mask. The selection can be refined by either adding further foreground markings or by adding background markings using the background brush.

Technically, the algorithm performs the following steps:
 * Create a set of representative colors for sure foreground and sure background, the so-called color signatures.
 * Assign all image points to foreground or background by a weighted nearest neighbor search in the color signatures.
 * Apply some standard image processing operations like erode, dilate, and blur to remove artifacts.
 * Find the connected foreground components that are either large enough or marked by the user.

For video segmentation the sure background and sure foreground regions are learned from motion statistics. SIOX also features tools that allow sub-pixel accurate refinement of edges and high texture areas, the so-called "detail refinement brushes".

As with all segmentation algorithms, there are always pictures where the algorithm does not yield perfect results. The most critical drawback of SIOX is the color dependence. Although many photos are well-separable by color, the algorithm cannot deal with camouflage. If the foreground and background share many identical shades of similar colors, the algorithm might give a result with parts missing or incorrectly classified foreground. SIOX performs about equally well on different benchmarks compared to graph-based segmentation methods, such as Grabcut. SIOX is, however, more noise robust and can therefore also be used for the segmentation of videos. Graph-based segmentation methods search for a minimum cut and therefore tend to not perform optimally with complex structures.

The algorithm has initially been developed at the department of computer science at Freie Universitaet Berlin. The main developer, Gerald Friedland, is now faculty at the EECS department of the University of California at Berkeley and also a Principal Data Scientist at Lawrence Livermore National Lab. He continues to support the development through mentoring, e.g. in the Google Summer of Code.

title: Simple interactive object extraction


text:
SIOX

SIOX may refer to:

 * Serial Input/Output eXchange an asynchronous datacommunications bus.
 * Simple Interactive Object Extraction an algorithm for extracting foreground objects from color photographs.
 * Silicon oxide (SiOx)
 * Sistema de Ingresos de Oaxaca

title: SIOX


text:
Timeline of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season

The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was an event in the annual tropical cyclone season in the north Atlantic Ocean. It was the second most active Atlantic hurricane season in recorded history, and the most extreme (i.e. produced the highest accumulated cyclone energy (ACE)) in the satellite era. Officially, the season began on June 1, 2005 and ended on November 30, 2005. These dates, adopted by convention, historically delimit the period in each year when most tropical systems form. The season's first storm, Tropical Storm Arlene, developed on June 8. The final storm, Tropical Storm Zeta, formed in late December and persisted until January 6, 2006. Zeta is only the second December Atlantic storm in recorded history to survive into January, joining Hurricane Alice in 1955.

The season's impact was widespread and catastrophic. Its storms touched virtually every part of the Atlantic basin. Altogether, there were 28 named tropical storms during the season, exhausting the annual pre-designated list and resulting in the usage of six Greek letter names. A record 15 tropical storms attained hurricane strength, of which a record seven intensified into major hurricanes. Six hurricanes made landfall or near-landfall on the U.S. during the season: Cindy, Dennis, Katrina, Ophelia, Rita and Wilma. Record-breaking 2005 hurricanes included: Following the 2005 season, the names Dennis, Katrina, Rita, Stan and Wilma were retired from reuse in the North Atlantic by the World Meteorological Organization.
 * Emily, the strongest hurricane ever on record to form in the month of July, with peak winds of 160 mph (260 km/h), later weakening and striking Mexico twice;
 * Katrina, which became the costliest tropical cyclone on record, causing over 1,200 deaths and $125 billion in damage, particularly in the city of New Orleans and the surrounding areas;
 * Wilma, which became the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record, recording a barometric pressure of 882 mbar (hPa; 26.05 inHg).

This timeline documents tropical cyclone formations, strengthening, weakening, landfalls, extratropical transitions, and dissipations during the season. It includes information that was not released throughout the season, meaning that data from post-storm reviews by the National Hurricane Center, such as a storm that was not initially warned upon, has been included. The graphical bar below gives a brief overview of storm activity during the season. Each storm's maximum intensity is represented by the color of its bar.

By convention, meteorologists use one time zone when issuing forecasts and making observations: Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), and also use the 24-hour clock (where 00:00 = midnight UTC). In this time line, all information is listed by UTC first with the respective local time included in parentheses.

June
June 1
 * The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season officially begins.

June 8
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression One forms just north of the northeastern coast of Honduras.

June 9
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression One strengthens into Tropical Storm Arlene about 170 mi west-southwest of Grand Cayman Island.

June 10
 * 08:00 UTC (4:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Arlene makes landfall near Cabo Corrientes, Cuba with sustained winds of 50 mph (80 km/h) winds.

June 11
 * 01:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. CDT, June 10) – Tropical Storm Arlene reaches its peak intensity over the northeastern Gulf of Mexico with sustained winds of 70 mph and a minimum pressure of 989 mbar.
 * 19:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Arlene makes landfall west of Pensacola, Florida with 60 mph winds.

June 12
 * 00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT, June 11) – Tropical Storm Arlene weakens into a tropical depression inland near Barlow Bend, Alabama.

June 13
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Arlene becomes extratropical just northeast of Flint, Michigan and is later absorbed by a front.

June 28
 * 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Two forms about 63 mi northeast of Veracruz, Veracruz.

June 29
 * 00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT, June 28) – Tropical Depression Two strengthens into Tropical Storm Bret about 55 mi north-northeast of Veracruz.
 * 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Bret makes landfall near Tuxpan, Veracruz with 40 mph winds.
 * 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Bret weakens into a tropical depression southwest of Tampico, Tamaulipas.

June 30
 * 03:00 UTC (10:00 p.m. CDT, June 29) – Tropical Depression Bret dissipates inland about 40 mi west of Tampico.

July
July 3
 * 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Three forms about 80 mi east of Chetumal, Quintana Roo.

July 4
 * 03:30 UTC (10:30 p.m. CDT, July 3) – Tropical Depression Three makes landfall about 22 mi north-northeast of Majahual, Quintana Roo with sustained winds of 35 mph.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Four forms over the southern Windward Islands.
 * 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Four makes landfall on Grenada with sustained winds of 30 mph.

July 5
 * 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Three strengthens into Tropical Storm Cindy over the central Gulf of Mexico.
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Four strengthens into Tropical Storm Dennis southeast of San Juan, Puerto Rico.

July 6
 * 00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT, July 5) – Tropical Storm Cindy strengthens into a hurricane about 46 mi south-southwest of Grand Isle, Louisiana.
 * 03:00 UTC (10:00 p.m. CDT, July 5) – Hurricane Cindy makes landfall just southwest of Grand Isle with winds of 75 mph.
 * 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Hurricane Cindy weakens into a tropical storm south-southeast of New Orleans, Louisiana along the Gulf coast.
 * 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Cindy makes landfall just southeast of Ansley, Mississippi with winds of 50 mph.
 * 15:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Cindy weakens to a tropical depression inland about 50 mi north-northwest of Mobile, Alabama.
 * 22:00 UTC (6:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Dennis strengthens into a hurricane about 315 mi east-southeast of Kingston, Jamaica.

July 7
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT (1500 UTC) – Tropical Depression Cindy becomes extratropical over northern Georgia, and subsequently dissipates over the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Dennis intensifies to Category 2 about 130 mi east-southeast of Kingston.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Hurricane Dennis intensifies to Category 3 about 65 mi northeast of Kingston.

July 8
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT, July 7) – Hurricane Dennis intensifies to Category 4 about 50 mi southeast of Cabo Cruz, Cuba.
 * 02:45 UTC (10:45 p.m. EDT, July 7) – Hurricane Dennis makes landfall near Punta del Ingles (just east of Cabo Cruz) with 140 mph winds.
 * 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. EDT, July 7) – Hurricane Dennis weakens to Category 3 while passing over land.
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Dennis re-intensifies to Category 4 over the Gulf of Guacanayabo and attains its maximum sustained wind speed of 150 mph.
 * 18:45 UTC (2:45 p.m. EDT) – Hurricane Dennis makes landfall just west of Punta Mangles Altos (in southern Matanzas Province with winds of 140 mph.

July 9
 * 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Dennis emerges into the Straits of Florida just east of Havana at Category 1 strength.
 * 11:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Dennis re-intensifies to Category 2 about 95 mi west-southwest of Key West, Florida.
 * 23:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. EDT) – Hurricane Dennis re-intensifies to Category 3 about 285 mi south of Panama City, Florida.

July 10
 * 05:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Dennis re-intensifies to Category 4 about 235 mi south of Panama City.
 * 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) – Hurricane Dennis attains a minimum pressure of 930 mbar south-southeast of Pensacola, Florida.
 * 19:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. CDT) – Hurricane Dennis weakens to Category 3 about 20 mi east-southeast of Pensacola.
 * 19:30 UTC (2:30 p.m. CDT) – Hurricane Dennis makes landfall on Santa Rosa Island, 10 mi west of Navarre Beach, Florida with 120 mph winds.

July 11
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, July 10) – Tropical Depression Five forms in the central Atlantic about 1250 mi east of the southern Windward Islands.
 * 01:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. CDT, July 10) – Hurricane Dennis weakens into a tropical storm about 20 mi northeast of Jackson, Alabama.
 * 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Dennis weakens into a tropical depression over central Alabama.

July 12
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, July 11) – Tropical Depression Five strengthens into Tropical Storm Emily about 920 mi east of the southern Windward Islands.

July 13
 * 15:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Dennis becomes a remnant low about 125 mi west-northwest of Lexington, Kentucky, and is subsequently absorbed into a larger low over Ontario.

July 14
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, July 13) – Tropical Storm Emily attains hurricane strength about 85 mi east-southeast of Grenada.
 * 07:00 UTC (3:00 a.m. AST) – Hurricane Emily makes landfall on Grenada with 90 mph winds.
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) – Hurricane Emily intensifies to Category 2 strength about 85 mi west-northwest of Grenada.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) – Hurricane Emily intensifies to Category 3 strength about 490 mi southeast of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

July 15
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) – Hurricane Emily intensifies to Category 4 strength about 350 mi southeast of Santo Domingo.

July 17
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT, July 16) – Hurricane Emily intensifies to Category 5 strength about 120 mi southwest of Jamaica, reaching its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 160 mph and a minimum barometric pressure of 929 mbar.

July 18
 * 06:30 UTC (2:30 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Emily makes landfall near Tulum, Quintana Roo with 130 mph winds.
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Emily weakens over the Yucatán Peninsula, emerging into the Gulf of Mexico near Mérida, Yucatán at Category 1 strength.

July 19
 * 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) – Hurricane Emily re-intensifies to Category 2 strength.

July 20
 * 00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT, July 19) – Hurricane Emily re-intensifies to Category 3 strength.
 * 11:30 UTC (6:30 a.m. CDT) – Hurricane Emily makes landfall near San Fernando, Tamaulipas with 125 mph winds.
 * 21:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. CDT) – Hurricane Emily weakens to a tropical storm about 80 mi southeast of Monterrey, Nuevo León.

July 21
 * 09:00 UTC (4:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Emily weakens to a tropical depression about 80 mi southwest of Monterrey.
 * 18:00 UTC (12:00 p.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Emily dissipates over the Sierra Madre Oriental.
 * 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Six forms about 69 mi east of Eleuthera Island, Bahamas.

July 22
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT, July 21) – Tropical Depression Six strengthens into Tropical Storm Franklin about 81 mi east-southeast of Great Abaco Island, Bahamas.

July 23
 * 18:00 UTC (3:00 p.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Seven forms in the Bay of Campeche, about 293 mi east-southeast of Tuxpan, Veracruz.
 * 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Franklin attains its maximum sustained wind speed of 70 mph while centered about 316 mi east of Cape Canaveral, Florida.

July 24
 * 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Seven becomes Tropical Storm Gert about 195 mi east-southeast of Tuxpan.

July 25
 * 00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT, July 24) – Tropical Storm Gert reaches its maximum intensity, with sustained winds of 45 mph and a minimum pressure of 1005 mbar, at landfall, just north of Cabo Rojo, Tamaulipas.
 * 09:00 UTC (4:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Gert weakens to a tropical depression about 80 mi west of Tampico, Tamaulipas.
 * 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Gert becomes a remnant low and dissipates over the mountains of central Mexico.

July 28
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST) – Tropical Storm Franklin attains a minimum pressure of 997 mbar west-northwest of Bermuda.

July 29
 * 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) – Tropical Storm Franklin becomes extratropical about 265 mi east-southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and is later absorbed by a larger extratropical system over the far northern Atlantic.

August
August 2
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Eight forms about 370 mi southwest of Bermuda.

August 3
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Eight strengthens into Tropical Storm Harvey about 290 mi southwest of Bermuda

August 4
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Nine forms about 690 mi west of the Cape Verde Islands.

August 7
 * 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Nine strengthens into Tropical Storm Irene about 1,240 mi east of the northern Leeward Islands.

August 8
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Storm Irene weakens into a tropical depression.

August 10
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, August 9) – Tropical Storm Harvey becomes extratropical in northern Atlantic about 560 mi southeast of Newfoundland, and subsequently dissipates.

August 11
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, August 10) – Tropical Depression Irene re-intensifies to tropical storm strength about 350 mi northeast of the Leeward Islands.

August 13
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Ten forms about 1,064 mi east of Barbados.

August 14
 * 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Ten degenerates into a remnant low and subsequently dissipates.

August 15
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, August 14) – Tropical Storm Irene intensifies to hurricane strength roughly midway between Bermuda and the Outer Banks of North Carolina.

August 16
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) – Hurricane Irene reaches Category 2 intensity.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) – Hurricane Irene reaches its peak intensity with sustained winds of 100 mph and minimum pressure of 970 mbar about 350 mi northeast of Bermuda.

August 18
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 AST, August 17) – Hurricane Irene weakens to a tropical storm about 520 mi south of Cape Race, Newfoundland.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) – Tropical Storm Irene is absorbed by a larger extratropical system 290 mi east-southeast of Cape Race.

August 22
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Eleven forms about 109 mi east of Veracruz, Veracruz.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Eleven strengthens into Tropical Storm Jose about 81 mi east-northeast of Veracruz.

August 23
 * 03:30 UTC (10:30 p.m. CDT, August 22) – Tropical Storm Jose makes landfall about 35 mi north of Veracruz with 60 mph winds.
 * 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Jose weakens to a tropical depression about 85 mi south-southeast of Tuxpan, Veracruz and soon dissipates over the mountains of eastern Mexico.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Twelve forms near Long Island, Bahamas.

August 24
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Twelve strengthens into Tropical Storm Katrina about 75 mi east-southeast of Nassau, Bahamas.

August 25
 * 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Katrina intensifies to hurricane strength about 15 mi east-northeast of Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
 * 22:30 UTC (6:30 p.m. EDT) – Hurricane Katrina makes its first landfall between Hallandale Beach and North Miami Beach, Florida, United States with 80 mi/h winds.

August 26
 * 05:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Katrina weakens over Monroe County, Florida and emerges into the gulf of Mexico as a tropical storm just north of Cape Sable.
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Katrina re-intensifies to hurricane strength.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Hurricane Katrina reaches Category 2 intensity.

August 27
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Katrina reaches Category 3 intensity; radar and reconnaissance aircraft locate its eye about 430 mi southeast of the mouth of the Mississippi River.

August 28
 * 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Hurricane Katrina reaches Category 4 intensity.
 * 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) – Hurricane Katrina reaches Category 5 intensity.
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Thirteen forms about 960 mi east of the Lesser Antilles.
 * 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) – Hurricane Katrina reaches its peak intensity about 170 n mi southeast of the mouth of the Mississippi River with maximum sustained winds of 170 mph and a minimum barometric pressure of 902 mbar.

August 29
 * 11:00 UTC (6:00 a.m. CDT) – Hurricane Katrina makes landfall near Buras, Louisiana with upper-Category 3 sustained winds of 130 mph.
 * 15:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. CDT) – Hurricane Katrina makes its final landfall near the mouth of the Pearl River, just south of Pearlington, Mississippi, with sustained winds of 120 mph winds after crossing Breton Sound.
 * 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Thirteen degenerates into a broad area of low pressure about 745 mi east-northeast of the Lesser Antilles.

August 30
 * 00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT, August 29) – Hurricane Katrina weakens into a tropical storm just northwest of Meridian, Mississippi.
 * 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Katrina weakens into a tropical depression over Middle Tennessee.

August 31
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT, August 30) – Tropical Depression Katrina transitions into an extratropical low pressure system over the Ohio Valley and is later absorbed within a frontal zone over the eastern Great Lakes.
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Thirteen regenerates 890 mi east-southeast of Bermuda.
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Thirteen strengthens into Tropical Storm Lee in the central Atlantic between Bermuda and the Azores.

September
September 1
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, August 31) – Tropical Storm Lee weakens to a tropical depression.
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Fourteen forms 1,050 mi east of the northern Leeward Islands.

September 2
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Lee degenerates into a remnant low over the central Atlantic.
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Fourteen strengthens into Tropical Storm Maria.

September 4
 * 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Storm Maria intensifies into a hurricane about 465 mi east of Bermuda.

September 5
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) – Hurricane Maria reaches Category 2 intensity.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Fifteen forms 350 mi south-southwest of Bermuda.

September 6
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, September 5) – Hurricane Maria reaches Category 3 intensity and its peak strength with estimated sustained winds of near 120 mph and a minimum barometric pressure of 962 mbar about 480 mi east of Bermuda.
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT, September 5) – Tropical Depression Fifteen strengthens into Tropical Storm Nate south-southwest of Bermuda.
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) – Hurricane Maria weakens to Category 2 intensity.
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Sixteen forms over the northern Bahamas.
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) – Hurricane Maria weakens to Category 1 intensity.
 * 16:00 UTC (12:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Sixteen's broad circulation center crosses Grand Bahama Island with 30 mi/h winds.

September 7
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Sixteen strengthens into Tropical Storm Ophelia 115 mi east-southeast of Cape Canaveral, Florida.
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Nate intensifies into a hurricane about 260 mi south-southwest of Bermuda.

September 8
 * 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Ophelia intensifies into a hurricane while stationary about 70 mi east-northeast of Cape Canaveral, and oscillates between hurricane and tropical storm strength several times over the ensuing several days.

September 9
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, September 8) – Hurricane Maria weakens to a tropical storm about 605 mi southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland.
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, September 8) – Hurricane Nate attains its peak strength east of Bermuda with sustained winds of near 95 mph and a minimum barometric pressure of 979 mbar.

September 10
 * 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Storm Maria becoming extratropical roughly 735 mi east-southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland, and subsequently merges with another extratropical cyclone over the Norwegian Sea.
 * 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Ophelia attains a minimum pressure of 976 mbar about 220 misouth-southeast of Charleston, South Carolina.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Nate becomes extratropical about 810 mi west of the Azores and later merges with a stationary front.

September 14
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Ophelia attains its peak sustained wind speed of 75 kn about 40 mi miles south-southeast of Wilmington, North Carolina; its northern eyewall passed over the coast during this time.

September 15
 * 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. EDT, September 14) – Hurricane Ophelia passes about 20 mi south-southeast of Cape Lookout, North Carolina, then moves generally to the east-northeast parallel to the Outer Banks.

September 16
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT, September 15) – Hurricane Ophelia weakens into a tropical storm for the last time.

September 17
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Seventeen forms 345 mi east of Barbados.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Seventeen strengthens into Tropical Storm Philippe east of Barbados.

September 18
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT, September 17) – Tropical Depression Eighteen forms 80 mi east of Grand Turk Island.
 * 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. EDT, September 17) – Tropical Storm Ophelia becomes extratropical about 50 mi south-southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and subsequently dissipates over the North Sea.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Eighteen strengthens into Tropical Storm Rita about 30 mi east-southeast of Mayaguana Island, Bahamas.

September 19
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT, September 18) – Tropical Storm Philippe intensifies to hurricane strength about 360 mi east of the northern Leeward Islands.

September 20
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT, September 19) – Hurricane Philippe attains its peak strength with sustained winds of near 80 mph and a minimum barometric pressure of 985 mbar.
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Philippe weakens into a tropical storm east-northeast of the Leeward Islands.
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Rita reaches hurricane strength about 120 mi east-southeast of Key West, Florida.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Hurricane Rita reaches Category 2 intensity about 50 mi south of Key West.

September 21
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Rita reaches Category 3 intensity about 80 mi west-southwest of Dry Tortugas.
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Rita reaches Category 4 intensity about 195 mi west of Key West.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. CDT) – Hurricane Rita reaches Category 5 intensity.

September 22
 * 03:00 UTC (10:00 p.m. CDT, September 21) – Hurricane Rita attains its peak strength about 310 mi south-southeast of the mouth of the Mississippi River with sustained winds of near 180 mph and a minimum barometric pressure of 895 mbar.
 * 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) – Hurricane Rita weakens to a Category 4 hurricane about 435 mi southeast of Galveston, Texas.

September 23
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Philippe weakens into a tropical depression.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Philippe degenerates to a remnant low south-southeast of Bermuda, and later becomes embedded within a broader non-tropical low.
 * 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) – Hurricane Rita weakens to a Category 3 hurricane about 160 mi southeast of Sabine Pass.

September 24
 * 07:30 UTC (2:30 a.m. CDT) – Hurricane Rita makes landfall between Sabine Pass and Johnson Bayou, Louisiana with 120 mi/h winds.
 * 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Rita weakens into a tropical storm about 40 mi north of Beaumont, Texas.

September 25
 * 03:00 UTC (10:00 p.m. CDT, September 24) – Tropical Storm Rita weakens to a tropical depression about 40 mi north of Shreveport, Louisiana.

September 26
 * 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Rita degenerates to a remnant low over Southern Illinois and is later absorbed into a weather front.

September 30
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Nineteen forms 665 mi west-southwest of the Cape Verde Islands.

October
October 1
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, September 30) – Tropical Depression Nineteen reaches its peak intensity with sustained winds of 30 mph and a minimum pressure of 1006 mbar.
 * 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Twenty forms 130 mi southeast of Cozumel, Quintana Roo.

October 2
 * 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Twenty strengthens into Tropical Storm Stan just off the eastern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula.
 * 10:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Stan makes landfall about 40 mi south of Tulum, Quintana Roo with 40 mph winds.
 * 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Nineteen dissipates about 780 mi west of the Cape Verde Islands.

October 3
 * 00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT, October 2) – Tropical Storm Stan weakens into a tropical depression over the Yucatán Peninsula.
 * 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Stan regains tropical storm strength after emerging off the northwestern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula.

October 4
 * 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Stan re-intensifies to hurricane strength about 135 mi east of Veracruz, Veracruz.
 * 06:00 UTC – A low pressure area in the eastern Atlantic gains some tropical characteristics and becomes a subtropical depression undetected.
 * 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) – Hurricane Stan reaches its peak intensity with sustained winds of 80 mph and a minimum pressure of 977 mbar while making landfall about 90 mi east-southeast of Veracruz.
 * 12:00 UTC – The undetected subtropical depression strengthens undetected into a tropical storm in the eastern Atlantic.
 * 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) – Hurricane Stan weakens into a tropical storm south-southeast of Veracruz.

October 5
 * 00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT, October 4) – Tropical Storm Stan weakens into a tropical depression and later dissipates over the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca.
 * 06:00 UTC – The undetected subtropical storm becomes extratropical over the northeastern Atlantic.
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Tammy forms 25 mi east of Jupiter, Florida.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Tammy reaches its peak intensity with sustained winds of 50 mph and a minimum pressure of 1001 mbar.
 * 23:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Tammy makes landfall near Atlantic Beach, Florida with 50 mph winds.

October 6
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Tammy weakens into a tropical depression over southern Georgia.

October 7
 * 00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT, October 6) – Tropical Depression Tammy degenerates into a remnant low pressure system over the Florida Panhandle and is later absorbed by a larger deep-layer extratropical low pressure system.

October 8
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) – Subtropical Depression Twenty-two forms about 615 mi southeast of Bermuda.
 * 06:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. WEST) – Subtropical Storm Vince forms about 760 mi southeast of Lajes, Azores.

October 9
 * 12:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. WEST) – Subtropical Storm Vince gains tropical characteristics and becomes Tropical Storm Vince.
 * 18:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. WEST) – Tropical Storm Vince intensifies to hurricane strength about 155 mi northwest of Funchal, Madeira Islands.

October 10
 * 00:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. CEST) – Hurricane Vince weakens to a tropical storm north-northwest of the Madeira Islands.
 * 06:00 UTC (2: a.m. EDT) – Subtropical Depression Twenty-two degenerates into a remnant low and is late absorbed by a larger extratropical low.

October 11
 * 00:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. CEST) – Tropical Storm Vince weakens into a tropical depression about 155 mi west-southwest of Faro, Portugal.
 * 09:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. CEST) – Tropical Depression Vince makes landfall near Huelva, Spain, with 35 mph winds.
 * 09:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. CEST) – Tropical Depression Vince, the first recorded tropical cyclone to reach the Iberian Peninsula, begins to lose its tropical characteristics as it makes landfall and later dissipates over southern Spain.

October 15
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Twenty-four forms 220 mi east-southeast of Grand Cayman.

October 17
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Twenty-four strengthens into Tropical Storm Wilma southeast of Grand Cayman.

October 18
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Wilma strengthens into Hurricane Wilma south-southeast of Grand Cayman.
 * 19:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Hurricane Wilma reaches Category 2 intensity south of Grand Cayman.
 * 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. EDT) – Hurricane Wilma reaches Category 3 intensity south of Grand Cayman.

October 19
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT, October 18) – Hurricane Wilma reaches Category 4 intensity south of Grand Cayman.
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Wilma reaches Category 5 intensity south-southwest of Grand Cayman.
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Wilma reaches its peak intensity with sustained winds of 180 mph and an Atlantic basin record central minimum pressure of 882 mbar.

October 20
 * 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. EDT, October 19) – Hurricane Wilma weakens slightly to Category 4 intensity about 235 mi southeast of Cozumel, Quintana Roo.

October 21
 * 21:45 UTC (4:45 p.m. CDT) – Hurricane Wilma makes landfall on the Island of Cozumel with 150 mph winds.

October 22
 * 03:30 UTC (10:30 p.m. CDT, October 21) – Hurricane Wilma makes landfall at Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo with 140 mph winds.
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Twenty-five forms southwest of San Juan Puerto Rico.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Twenty-five strengthens into Tropical Storm Alpha south-southeast of Hispaniola.

October 23
 * 00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT, October 22) – Hurricane Wilma emerges into the Gulf of Mexico as a Category 2 hurricane about 30 mi north-northwest of Cancún, Quintana Roo.
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Alpha reaches its maximum intensity with sustained winds of 50 mph and a minimum pressure of 998 mbar as it nears the coast of Hispaniola.
 * 10:00 UTC (6:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Alpha makes landfall near Barahona, Dominican Republic with 50 mph winds.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Alpha weakens into a tropical depression in the high mountains of Hispaniola and is subsequently absorbed by the much larger circulation of Hurricane Wilma.

October 24
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Wilma re-intensifies to Category 3 west-northwest of Key West, Florida.
 * 10:30 UTC (6:30 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Wilma makes landfall near Cape Romano, Florida, with 120 mph winds.
 * 17:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. EDT) – Hurricane Wilma emerges into the Atlantic Ocean as a Category 2 hurricane about 65 mi northeast of West Palm Beach, Florida.

October 25
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT, October 24) – Hurricane Wilma re-intensifies to Category 3 about 350 mi south of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.
 * 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. EDT, October 24) – Hurricane Wilma weakens to Category 2 about 440 mi south-southwest of Cape Halifax, Nova Scotia.

October 26
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT, October 25) – Hurricane Wilma becomes extratropical about 230 mi southeast of Halifax and is later absorbed by another extratropical cyclone.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Twenty-six forms about 100 mi north of the northern central coast of Panama.

October 27
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Twenty-six strengthens into Tropical Storm Beta about 85 mi south of San Andrés Island.

October 29
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Beta intensifies to hurricane strength just northwest of Providencia Island.

October 30
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT, October 29) – Hurricane Beta reaches Category 2 intensity about 55 mi east-southeast of Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua.
 * 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. EST) – Hurricane Beta intensifies to Category 3, simultaneously reaching its peak intensity with sustained winds of 120 mph and a minimum pressure of 962 mbar.
 * 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. EST) – Hurricane Beta makes landfall on the central coast of Nicaragua near La Barra del Río Grande, with 105 mph winds.
 * 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. EST) – Hurricane Beta weakens into a tropical storm inland, about 50 mi north of Bluefields, Nicaragua.

October 31
 * 03:00 UTC (10:00 p.m. EST, October 30) – Tropical Storm Beta weakens into a tropical depression about 70 mi east-northeast of Managua, and later dissipates over west-central Nicaragua.

November
November 14
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, November 13) – Tropical Depression Twenty-seven forms about 100 mi west of St. Vincent.

November 15
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Twenty-seven strengthens undetected into a tropical storm.
 * 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Storm Twenty-seven weakens to a tropical depression about 305 mi south-southeast of San Juan, Puerto Rico.

November 16
 * 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. EST) – Tropical Depression Twenty-seven degenerates into a tropical wave about 305 mi southeast of Jamaica.

November 18
 * 18:00 UTC (12:00 p.m. CST) – Remnants of Tropical Depression Twenty-seven regenerate into Tropical Storm Gamma along the northern coast of Honduras near Limón.

November 19
 * 12:00 UTC (6:00 a.m. CST) – Tropical Storm Gamma reaches its peak intensity just east of Roatán Island, Honduras, with maximum sustained winds of 52 mph and a minimum barometric pressure of 1002 mbar.

November 20
 * 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. EST) – Tropical Storm Gamma weakens to a tropical depression about 75 mi north-northeast of Limón.

November 21
 * 03:00 UTC (10:00 p.m. EST, November 20) – Tropical Depression Gamma degenerates into a non-convective remnant low pressure system about 95 mi north of Limón and later dissipates east of the Honduras–Nicaragua border.

November 22
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) – Subtropical Storm Delta forms about 870 mi southwest of the Azores.

November 23
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) – Subtropical Storm Delta gains tropical characteristics and becomes Tropical Storm Delta over the central Atlantic.

November 24
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Storm Delta reaches its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 69 mph and a minimum barometric pressure of 980 mbar.

November 28
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Storm Delta becomes extratropical about 250 mi west-northwest of the Canary Islands and subsequently dissipates over northwestern Algeria.

November 29
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Storm Epsilon forms east of Bermuda.

November 30
 * The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season officially ends.

December
December 2
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) – Tropical Storm Epsilon intensifies to hurricane strength about 980 mi east-northeast of Bermuda.

December 5
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) – Hurricane Epsilon reaches its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 86 mph and a minimum barometric pressure of 981 mbar over the eastern Atlantic.

December 7
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) – Hurricane Epsilon weakens into a tropical storm about 920 mi southwest of the Azores.

December 8
 * 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Storm Epsilon weakens into a tropical depression.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Epsilon degenerates to a remnant low and later dissipates.

December 30
 * 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, December 29) – Tropical Depression Thirty forms over the eastern Atlantic.
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Thirty strengthens into Tropical Storm Zeta.

January 2006
January 1
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) – Tropical Storm Zeta attains its peak intensity with sustained winds of 65 mph and a barometric pressure of 994 hPa about 1035 mi northwest of the Cape Verde Islands.

January 6
 * 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Storm Zeta weakens into a tropical depression.
 * 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Zeta degenerates into a remnant low which subsequently dissipates southeast of Bermuda, bringing the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season to a close.


text:
Logan O'Brien

Logan Craig O'Brien (born January 21, 1992) is an American child actor and singer. O'Brien is best known for his role as Lucas Jones on General Hospital.

Life and career
O'Brien was born in Los Angeles, California, to a doctor mother and a police sergeant father. He started his career at the age of six, after being cast in his first feature film role in the independent film Special Delivery, starring Sean Young, Penny Marshall and Nell Carter. He followed that up with co-starring roles in Disney's Smart House, and Hallmark Hall of Fame's A Season for Miracles, with Laura Dern and Lynn Redgrave. He also appeared in a duet entitled "Younger Generation" with singer Joey Pearson on his album Something to Say in 2002.

He has been involved in many theatrical productions, earning awards and nominations for his performances, and was seen in the ABC primetime pilot sitcom That Was Then. In 2005, O'Brien completed filming his part in the Universal Studios feature film Serenity, directed by Joss Whedon, which premiered worldwide September 30, 2005.

title: Logan O'Brien


text:
User:Scepia/webcomic

Duplicate of Scepia's original.

title: User:Scepia/webcomic


text:
Talk:List of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons

Article naming
Note that individual seasons should not be plural; i.e., 2004-2005 Southern Hemisphere cyclone season. Jdorje 06:46, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Southern Hemisphere Articles
I've made more articles for the S.H. cyclone seasons and ive added more years extending back to 1977. If you have questions or comments please ask imeditely. Storm05 17:48, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I do not agree with the addition of stub articles like 1977-78 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone season. Why can't we add more content instead of adding more stub articles? Jdorje 20:39, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

 * We should only go back to 1980 (or maybe 1990) for now. All previous seasons should be covered by Pre-1980 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons. Jdorje 01:38, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

I merged together a bunch of stub articles. If these articles ever become too large for a single article we can split them up again (as we did with 1880-1889 Atlantic hurricane seasons). — jdorje (talk) 01:22, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I think that the pre-1980 article is too big. We should atleast remove the last 5 seasons and make them into their own 5-year article. Then maybe we could do more later. íslenska hurikein #12(samtal) 12:29, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

Look what I found!
I found this website. It's pretty cool. The southern Hemisphere seasons go all the way back to the 1906-07 Season! And they have names, too-or atleast back to the 1963-64 Season. Maybe we'll be able to make a couple more season articles from this. Icelandic Hurricane #12 13:48, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Split
This article should probably be split to List of South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons, List of Australian region cyclone season, and List of South Pacific cyclone season, with all of the existing articles split as well. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 19:18, 22 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. RaNdOm26 07:18, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I also agree, and think that it should be done as soon as possible before the start of the seasons on November 1.Jason Rees (talk) 10:32, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

Naming of storm articles
I had this question for some time on Wikipedia; why do some tropical cyclones in the southern hemisphere have articles named "Severe Tropical Cyclone Laurence" or "Severe Tropical Cyclone Yasi", while others have articles simply as "Cyclone Larry" or "Cyclone Orson"? I'm kind of confused on this.

Should we name all articles in the SHem the same? I believe cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere should have articles just like "Cyclone Larry" or "Cyclone Monica". I don't believe we need to include their intensity on the Australian scale, South Pacific or SWIO scales because we don't name cyclones in the NIO "Super Cyclonic Storm Gonu" or "Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Nargis"; the articles are just named "Cyclone Gonu" or "Cyclone Nargis". In the same way, we don't name storm articles in the Atlantic or eastern Pacific "Category 5 Hurricane Celia" or "Category 3 Hurricane Karl". We just leave them as "Hurricane Celia (2010)" and "Hurricane Karl". Should we name storm articles in the SHem just "Cyclone name (Year)"(If they weren't retired or the primary topic) just like we do in the other basins? I find it rather confusing to read an article's name like that. Storms in the southern hemisphere are just called "Cyclones", not "severe tropical cyclones" or any other name like that. What is the general opinion on this? Rye998 (talk) 21:07, 2 February 2011 (UTC)
 * See here. Personally I prefer just "Cyclone Larry". The long title is on the excessive side. --♫ Hurricanehink ( talk ) 21:45, 2 February 2011 (UTC)
 * My question is, should all storms have titles like Cyclone Larry? It would make more sense to put storms like "cyclone name (year)" than "severe tropical cyclone name". Should all storms be given this? It makes no sense to name some storms "Cyclone Name", and others "severe tropical cyclone name". I wanted to know if all storms should take after a specific name, rather than just some. Even so, the current discussion on WPTC's talk page does follow the same general view toward what I am saying, but many people who read Wikipedia want to read articles as "Cyclone Yasi" rather than "severe tropical cyclone Yasi". It makes more sense. I also believe this discussion should be here rather than there because it applies to all of the SHem articles with storms like Yasi or Vania, not to every tropical cyclone season in the world, since this problem is not an issue in the NHem seasons. Also, mentioned on the talk page, per WP:COMMONNAME, storms, or any articles, should be named according to what people want them to be, or what commonly type in on Google. Although the storm may technically be reffered to as "severe tropical cyclone name", many people looking for the storm on Google, for example, want to look for just "Cyclone name" not "severe tropical cyclone name", and that's what they probrably will type in. It makes more sense, and it's why we might not show up first because we don't name all of our articles "cyclone name". Also, as I mentioned, because we don't do this in the NHem, why should we do it in the SHem? Rye998 (talk) 22:05, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

WP:CONCEPTDAB
I removed the disambiguation template from this page, because the page is a list of lists on a single topic; it is not disambiguating distinct topics that have an ambiguous title. Jason Rees reverted this edit, with the comment "Its not designed to be a list and isnt a list it is nto a broad concept." Well, obviously it is a list, which is "an enumeration or compilation of a set of possible items"; even a disambiguation page is a list of titles, so that really doesn't make any difference. The point that does make a difference is that this list has a single topic -- Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons. There aren't several different "Southern Hemispheres"; nor are there several different things called "tropical cyclones." (Contrast, for example, List of rivers of Georgia, which is correctly a disambiguation page because there are two entirely different places called "Georgia," both of which have rivers.) Now, of course, this single broad topic does contain sub-topics (which is why this list exists in the first place), but that doesn't make the broader topic ambiguous, just broad. This list should not be marked as a disambiguation page. --R'n'B (call me Russ) 13:31, 20 December 2012 (UTC)

 * I agree. This is clearly a list of subtopics -- not a list of ambiguous terms. older ≠ wiser 14:03, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Yep. It might better be restored to the previous version, but splitting that article (if that's what happened) doesn't make this a disambiguation page. -- JHunterJ (talk) 14:03, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I have always been told that as we split the SHEM TC pages, that we are to split them into disambiguation pages, which is what i did here as we dont need a list of the Shem seasons and the subpages have been developed sufficiently for them to stand on their own IMO. Personally i would like to see all these Shem seasonal disambiguation pages deleted but i understand that may not be able to be done.Jason Rees (talk) 17:39, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure what the reasons given for the previous advice, but when you split a page, the base name does not become a dab. If you no longer need the base name, I agree is should be deleted, but you don't just tag it as a disambiguation page as a substitute for that deletion. -- JHunterJ (talk) 19:05, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm not exactly sure of the purpose of this page, and it may be that it should be deleted as others have said, but as long as it remains, it is functionally a disambiguation page, even if it's name says it's a "list". Inks.LWC (talk) 07:46, 25 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Could you please explain what you believe "functionally a disambiguation page" means? To me and others commenting above, this is not functionally a disambiguation page, and we have explained why.  Your statement to the contrary, without any explanation, is simply mysterious.  --R'n'B (call me Russ) 13:17, 25 December 2012 (UTC)


text:
Thomas Gallagher (mayor)

Thomas Gallagher (November 20, 1883 – March 14, 1967) served as Mayor of Pittsburgh during the transition year of 1959.

Early life
Gallagher was born in Pittsburgh and started his career as a glassblower in the industrial plants of the region. He ran successfully as a Union representative during his blue collar days.

Pittsburgh politics
He started his public political career in the Commonwealth Assembly representing Pittsburgh neighborhoods in Harrisburg. In 1933 he came back to the city and was elected City Councilmember. He served in that city legislative post for over twenty years climbing to the leadership position of Council President, one step below Mayor. When David L. Lawrence resigned his post as the city's top executive to assume the governorship of Pennsylvania, Gallagher succeeded him as Mayor. He completed and provided the final push on several of the great Lawrence projects, presiding over the opening of the Fort Pitt Tunnel among other things. He also dealt with a lengthy and contentious Steelworkers strike that struck at the heart of the blue collar city.

In September 1959 Mayor Gallagher did what only a handful of American mayors have ever done. He welcomed Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev at the Pittsburgh International Airport while the Premier was on his goodwill tour of the United States. Legend has it that the mayor had to explain that the onion domes along the Monongahela River valley that Khrushchev saw were not a Potemkin Village built to impress him but the hard labor and heritage of slavs and Russian immigrants.

Later life
After stepping down as Mayor he was again elected to a term on City Council, the body that he made his biggest political impact during his life. He died on March 14, 1967, and is buried in Pittsburgh's Roman Catholic Calvary Cemetery.

Honors
An overlook on scenic Mt. Washington on Pittsburgh's southside is named for Mayor Gallagher.

title: Thomas Gallagher (mayor)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Joseph Solis

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedily deleted. Friday (talk) 20:42, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Joseph Solis
Obvious vanity. The use of the first-person voice is a dead giveaway. Delete or speedy delete. (Note the redirect JOSEPH SOLIS too.) — J I P | Talk 06:46, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN -- Egil 07:05, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Joint stiffness

Joint stiffness may be either the symptom of pain on moving a joint, the symptom of loss of range of motion or the physical sign of reduced range of motion.

 * Pain on movement is commonly caused by osteoarthritis, often in quite minor degrees, and other forms of arthritis. It may also be caused by injury or overuse and rarely by more complex causes of pain such as infection or neoplasm. The range of motion may be normal or limited by pain. "Morning stiffness" pain which eases up after the joint has been used, is characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis.
 * Loss of motion (symptom): the patient notices that the joint (or many joints) do not move as far as they used to or need to. Loss of motion is a feature of more advanced stages of arthritis including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
 * Loss of range of motion (sign): the examining medical professional notes that the range of motion of the joint is less than normal. Routine examination by an orthopaedic surgeon or rheumatologist will often pay particular attention to this. The range of motion may be measured and compared to the other side and to normal ranges. This sign is associated with the same causes as the symptom. The loss of range of motion in the joint may be due to a contracture. In extreme cases when the joint does not move at all it is said to be ankylosed.

title: Joint stiffness


text:
Green College

Green College may refer to:
 * Green College, Oxford
 * Green College, University of British Columbia
 * Green College, University of British Columbia

title: Green College


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Adam boyd

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Linuxbeak | Talk 19:13, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Adam boyd
Non-notable bio. "Principal technological inventor" of a railroad freight billing information system. The article actually reads like an oblique attack, since supposedly his system was delivered about 6 months late and then a year later it was decided to rewrite it anyway. Quale 06:47, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN -- Egil 07:00, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete there's nothing at all unusual about a computer system that's delivered late. Nor about their architects. Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   15:58, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable.--Bkwillwm 18:52, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable.--Gaff talk 00:16, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of revenues

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was NO CONSENSUS. Linuxbeak | Talk 00:41, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

List of revenues
Direct quote from a primary historical source (Herodotus). Not suitable as an encyclopedic article as is, and I don't think the subject itself warrants an article, either. Delete -- Egil 06:47, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. This is Darius I of Persia.  The list itself is of considerable historical interest, and a subsection about it at Darius's article would be useful.  But I can't vote for merge because I don't think the list should be incorporated, just the lessons to be drawn from it.  Sorry to be wishy-washy.  Chick Bowen 23:26, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Though unedited material in tabular format must rank high on the "NPOV" scale, Chick Bowen is right. An introductory paragraph is essential, but the application of this in information is broader than just Darius the King. It should appear in the entry Achaemenid dynasty, following the subsection "System of governing". --Wetman 12:46, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Phototroph

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Rnelly14. Peer reviewers: Rnelly14.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 06:36, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
Fungi are unlikely to be phototrophs. All of the types I can think of obtain their energy by breaking down other organic material. That would make them chemoorganoheterotrophs.

fungi are heterotrophs that feed by absorption

(campbell & reece, 2005) Kelkhara 17:02, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

Besides that, higher plants are not mentioned at all in the first sentence. With "fungi" the author probably refers to lichens (mentioned later in the paragraph). But the phototrophic components of lichens are not always cyanobacteria, but (most often) algae. Anyway the fungal component is not phototrophic on its own. Lichens are photobionts through the symbiont algae or cyanobacteria (though the cyanobacteria can be endosymbionts). I suggest some rewriting here.

And by the way, the first sentence, with all its errors, is exactly the same as the definition in http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/p/p0268800.html, so it looks like the first and last part of the paragraph have different authors. Is copy and paste work?

(any modern schoolbook on botany has it right) [] 13 November 2006

Merge
Currently this article deals with photosynthetic organisms but there's already one dedicated to photosynthesis. This article should be merged with photoheterotroph for a better treatment of the different biological methods of harvesting solar energy, i.e. photosynthesis and bacteriorhodopsins. Bendž|Ť 13:59, 1 August 2007 (UTC)
 * No, what this article needs is language that describes what's common between photoautotrophy and photoheterotrophy. Each of those deserves its own article, and phototrophy is not synonymous with either. The problem with this article now is that, yes, it replicates content in both auto ands hetero articles, without showing what's different and what's the same between those two. A merge is not the solution: the solution is to write a whole new phototrophy article that is actually about phototrophy in the aggregate. 76.200.150.238 18:15, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

I agree - photoautotrophs come under the category of autotrophs, while photoheterotrophs are a type of heterotroph, 2 distinct things. Perhaps it would be a good idea to have a links table on the right-hand side of the page which gives links to autotrophs, chemoautotrophs, heterotrophs, photoheterotrophs and chemoheterotrophs to make the relationship between these 6 pages clearer. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.186.226.222 (talk) 02:39, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

gah
Phototrophy is obtaining cellular/metabolic energy from light. Photosynthesis is creating hydrocarbons from either atmospheric CO2 or dissolved bicarbonate - i.e. engage in carbon fixation.

Trophy = obtaining energy Synthesis = make something

All known photosynthesizers are phototrophs. Not all phototrophs are photosynthesizers (e.g. Archaea which can use bacteriorhodopsin to capture light and use the energy to establish a proton gradient, which in turn allows them to move. They however are not known to "fix" carbon).

Additionally growth toward or away from sunlight is not called "trophy". That's being phototactic

I'll make changes to the article shortly... Pagelm (talk) 21:18, 5 April 2012 (UTC)

expanded terms
it's getting to the point where this article should maybe be scrapped and started again from scratch. In any case, it may be helpful to define or clarify more terms.

For example, most heterotrophs are chemoorganoheterotrophs. But yes, there are photoorganoheterotrophs and photomixotrophs [can grow either a) autotrophically or b) "eating" and incorporating small organic molecules from their outside environment].

Further complicating matters is the phototrophs can be divided into the chlorophototrophs and opsin(?)phototrophs (which as mentioned are not autotrophic). Some of the chlorophototrophs are hetero or mixos, as stated above. As I'm not feeling particularly literate at the moment, I won't edit the article itself at this time.

Pagelm (talk) 04:09, 15 February 2014 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 02:54, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

phototrophs vs photosynthetic
Came here randomly. The lede reads:

"... It is a common misconception that phototrophs are obligatorily photosynthetic. Many, but not all, phototrophs often photosynthesize: they anabolically convert carbon dioxide ..."

It is not clear what the difference is (neither was a simple search). Any expansion would be appreciated that highlights clearly the difference. Thanks. zmm (talk) 18:29, 26 May 2020 (UTC)

Nutrition
Voice 41.223.116.243 (talk) 21:42, 15 December 2021 (UTC)

biology
Voice 41.223.116.243 (talk) 21:43, 15 December 2021 (UTC)

Incorrect information about the so-called Retinalophototrophs or Retinalophototrophy
Both articles mentioninig Retinalophototroph (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phototroph and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinalophototroph) are incorrect. The way Retinalophototrophs (this is not even a nutrition class or microorganism group) are explained is a mess and seems like it resulted through "independent" work. The so-called retinalophototrophs are NOT autotrophs, but heterotrophs in the photoheterotrophy. References 1 to 4 in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinalophototroph do not mention these are autotrophic organisms, while 6 clearly states they are HETEROtrophs (https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aaw8855), while in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phototroph there is no source for the info. -Paul- (talk) 22:24, 12 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Phototroph


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Tom Chambers (basketball)

Thomas Doane Chambers (born June 21, 1959) is an American former professional basketball player. He played professionally from 1981 to 1997. Playing power forward in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Chambers was selected to four NBA All-Star Games and was a two-time All-NBA Second Team member during his career. In December 2021, Chambers was nominated to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame but did not advance to the list of finalists.

Early life
Thomas Doane Chambers was born on June 21, 1959, in Ogden, Utah. Chambers starred at Fairview High School in Boulder, Colorado. Hailing from an athletic family, Chambers was a promising 6-2 guard at the end of his sophomore year. Suddenly, he grew six inches during the next six months. As a junior, teammates marveled that he had not lost any coordination with that growth. A broken wrist as a senior forced him to use his left hand more, improving his game. An all-Colorado high school player, he was hotly recruited and enrolled at Utah.

College career
At Utah, Chambers played center with star forward Danny Vranes. The two led successful teams in the Western Athletic Conference. He ran the floor well and had good shooting range. At the NBA level he would move to power forward. On Feb. 5, 2022, Chambers' jersey and number, 42, were retired during the Utes' game against Oregon.

San Diego Clippers (1981–1983)
Chambers was drafted by the-then San Diego Clippers with the 8th pick in the 1981 NBA draft. After signing a $1.5 million four-year contract, he played at forward for the first time after being a center in college. On the injury-riddled young Clippers roster his rookie year, Chambers ended up the team's top scorer at 17.2 points per game, and he made 52.5% of his shots. On April 15, 1982, he set a then-career-high points total of 39 points in a 129–123 win against the Portland Trail Blazers.

The following season, on October 29, 1982, Chambers scored 29 points and grabbed 16 rebounds in San Diego's home opener, a loss to the Phoenix Suns. The same season, the team had drafted power forward Terry Cummings, who went on to win Rookie of the Year, and the club felt it had to choose between the two young prospects, and they traded Chambers and Al Wood for James Donaldson, Greg Kelser, Mark Radford, a 1984 first-round draft pick (Michael Cage was later selected) and a 1985 2nd round draft pick (Calvin Duncan was later selected).

Seattle SuperSonics (1983–1988)
Teaming with center Jack Sikma and guard Gus Williams, Chambers became a key piece to a winning team in his third NBA season. He played all 82 games and averaged 18.1 points per game.

The following year, though, Williams was traded, and the point guard who emerged was Gerald Henderson. After posting a team-high 21.5 points per game the season before, Chambers fell to third-most on the team in shot attempts, taking only 28 more shots more than Henderson that season. He still led the team at 18.5 points per game, but felt he was being passed around in the offense.

1986–87, however, was a big season for Chambers. Rookie Nate McMillan took over Henderson's spot and Chambers became one of three key scorers for the Sonics. He posted 23.3 points per game to reach All-Star status for the first time. Chambers hit 85% of 630 free throw tries that season. He also again played all 82 games.

He was the star of the 1987 NBA All-Star Game, played in Seattle. He scored 34 points on 13 of 25 shooting and was named Game's Most Valuable Player. With the SuperSonics, he averaged 20.4 points, 6.6 rebounds, and 2.4 assists.

Phoenix Suns (1988–1993)
An avid hunter and horseback rider, Chambers had no interest in playing outside of his native West. He accepted a then-very pricey offer to join the Phoenix Suns in June 1988. Seattle declined to match the offer. He would go onto make three All-Star appearances as a Suns player.

In Phoenix, coach Cotton Fitzsimmons expected Chambers to shoot the ball. In 1988–89 Chambers scored 25.7 points per game. In 1989–90 his total rose to 27.2 points per game. Just as his scoring hit new highs his team also improved. Point guard Kevin Johnson was the passer Chambers had long-awaited, and the duo became an outstanding NBA tandem. On March 24, 1990, Chambers scored a Suns-franchise-record 60 points during a win over his former team the Sonics, while playing through a hamstring injury.

Former Seattle teammate, Xavier McDaniel, joined the team in 1990–91, and the now 31-year-old Chambers again accepted a more team-oriented role for the Suns. His scoring, and the team's success, declined. He had been twice named All-NBA Second Team, but now just tried to fit in.

In 1992–93, the fifth and final season in Phoenix, Charles Barkley arrived to give the team the rebounder the team had long needed to truly contend. The now 33-year-old Chambers accepted a role as sixth man, while Barkley and Dan Majerle were the team's key scorers.

That team made it to the 1993 NBA Finals, where they lost 4 games to 2 to Michael Jordan's Chicago Bulls. In the last game of the series, and what would be the last game of his Suns tenure, Chambers scored 12 points in a 99–98 Game 6 loss.

Utah Jazz
Chambers still felt he had more to contribute, and accepted an offer to join the Utah Jazz in August 1993. He would back up star Karl Malone, and re-team with Jeff Hornacek from the Suns. The Jazz improved immediately and made it to the 1994 Western Conference Finals. Now age 35, Chambers had one more year to give before ending his first stint in the NBA as a 20,024-point NBA scorer.

Maccabi Tel Aviv (1995–1996)
Chambers joined Maccabi Tel Aviv in Israel, for a season of play in the Israeli Super League and the FIBA EuroLeague, during the 1995–96 season. In the Israeli Super League, Chambers averaged 17.7 points, 6.3 rebounds, and 2.3 assists per game. He also won the Israeli League championship that season with Maccabi. In the FIBA EuroLeague's 1995–96 season, Chambers averaged 15.1 points, 6.8 rebounds, 1.5 assists, and 0.7 steals per game, in 32.8 minutes per game.

Charlotte Hornets (1997)
After his stint in Israel, Chambers decided to reunite with the Phoenix Suns. However, before playing a single game of a second run there, he was traded to the Charlotte Hornets. He played twelve games with the Hornets but was then waived.

Philadelphia 76ers (1997)
Chambers would play in one more NBA game, with the Philadelphia 76ers, during the 1997–98 regular season, before retiring. In the last game of his career, played on November 26, 1997, he had six points, two rebounds, and two steals for the 76ers, against the Cleveland Cavaliers, in his only appearance with the team.

Player profile
Chambers appeared in 16 NBA seasons as a member of the San Diego Clippers, Seattle SuperSonics, Phoenix Suns, Utah Jazz, Charlotte Hornets, and Philadelphia 76ers. Chambers scored 20,049 total points in the NBA for a career average of 18.1 points per game. His career high was a 60-point performance with the Suns against the Sonics on March 24, 1990. He appeared in four NBA All-Star Games during his career (1987, 1989, 1990, and 1991), earning game MVP honors in 1987 after scoring 34 points. He also played in the 1993 NBA Finals as a member of the Suns, but his team lost to the Chicago Bulls. He is one of just two players (alongside Antawn Jamison) currently eligible for induction into the Basketball Hall of Fame who have scored 20,000 points who have not been inducted.

Legacy
Chambers was inducted into the Phoenix Suns Ring of Honor in April 1999 and became the first inductee since the Ring of Honor was installed at the then-America West Arena (now Footprint Center). As part of the induction ceremony, he received a bronze statue by artist Sam Wickey recreating his 1989 dunk over the New York Knicks guard Mark Jackson. Chambers was also honored by being inducted into the Utah Sports Hall of Fame in 2010 and the Arizona Sports Hall of Fame in 2019.

Personal life
After his playing career ended, Chambers bought a ranch in North Ogden for himself and family which became known as Shooting Star Ranch. Soon after, he became a community relations representative for the Suns, sold his ranch in Ogden, and moved permanently to Scottsdale, Arizona, with his family.

He won a Rocky Mountain Emmy alongside senior editor Tommy Arguelles for their work on Sunderella Suns, a film commemorating the 40th anniversary of the 1975–76 Phoenix Suns season and the impact that season had on the state of Arizona as a whole.

title: Tom Chambers (basketball)