text:
Holden Dealer Team

The Holden Dealer Team (HDT) was Holden's semi-official racing team from 1969 until 1986, primarily contesting Australian Touring Car events but also rallying, rallycross and Sports Sedan races during the 1970s. From 1980 the Holden Dealer Team, by then under the ownership of Peter Brock, diversified into producing modified road-going Commodores and other Holden cars for selected dealers via HDT Special Vehicles.

After Holden terminated its association with Brock's businesses in February 1987, the team became the factory BMW team racing M3s race team in 1988. Further into 1988, Brock sold off his HDT Special Vehicles road car business, which has nevertheless, under various ownership, continued to modify Holden vehicles to this current day.

The First years
After showing an increasing interest in motorsport during the 1960s, Holden decided to form a team to enter both Touring Car and Rally events in 1969. However, Holden's parent company, General Motors forbade its manufacturers from officially entering motor sport circuit racing events worldwide. Holden was able to circumvent this directive by naming its team the ‘Holden Dealer Team’ which was officially owned by its dealers. In reality Holden bankrolled the entire operation and Holden executive John Bagshaw, who was the driving force behind the establishment of the team, created the financial framework which allowed the HDT to be funded without Detroit's knowledge. Holden appointed former Ford Works Team manager Harry Firth to run the operation.

The Holden Dealer Team's race debut was made at the 1969 Sandown 3 Hour. A single Holden Monaro GTS350 was entered for Kevin Bartlett and Spencer Martin, the car retiring after suffering brake problems, crashing and catching fire.

Harry Firth hired six drivers to contest the 1969 Hardie-Ferodo 500 for the Holden Dealer Team including two talented, but relatively untested, drivers in Colin Bond and Peter Brock. These two would form the backbone of the team over the next few years. The team's three HT Monaro GTS350’s tasted success, finishing first and third, with Bond winning with co-driver Tony Roberts, while Brock finished third with Des West.

Concerned at the ongoing development of rival Ford's V8 powered XW Falcon GTHO Phase I, in 1970 Firth opted to run a much smaller race car based upon the Holden Torana with a 6-cylinder engine. The LC Torana GTR XU-1 was a match for the larger and more powerful Falcon GT-HO at most circuits, but at Bathurst, with its long straight and steep 'mountain' climb, the car was less competitive, and Ford's Allan Moffat dominated both the 1970 and 1971 Bathurst events. However, in the wet 1972 Hardie-Ferodo 500 the Holden Dealer Team with its LJ Torana GTR XU-1 broke through Ford's domination, with Peter Brock winning the first of his nine Bathurst victories in a solo drive in the last of Bathurst's 500-mile Series Production race formats During Firths time at HDT Brock had his day winning Bathurst in 1975 on a dry track in his No. 05 Holden L34. This was a win for HDT as well for they masterminded the fastest Holden ever built the L34. The HDT developed L34 got 1st, 2nd, and 3rd that year and the first 7 places in 1976. Never had Holden been so dominant at the mountain. The A9X used the L34 motor for its victories as well as the HDT Commodores. The big brake light car concept brought about by Firth with high-performance small motor dominated Holden's thinking moving from the cumbersome Kingswoods to the Torana-like fleet of foot Commodore of the eighties.

Rallying and Rallycross
Holden had been supporting rally adventures since the early 1960s and had made use of the brand's successes in its advertising ... support had often been arranged via dedicated state 'dealer' teams, however, it was not until 1969 that the whole arena of rallying and Holden motorsport, in general, was grouped together under the management of Harry Firth and the Holden Dealer Team. The new team kicked off in August 1969 with Harry himself behind the wheel of an HT Monaro GTS 253 rally car, but he soon after announced his retirement from active driving, handing over the rally Monaro to his old rival, Barry Ferguson. Colin Bond and Tony Roberts, both of whom had considerable previous rallying experience, then joined in as additional members of the rally team.

In 1970, the rally team ran a Monaro GTS 350 for Bond whilst Ferguson and Roberts each drove the new Torana GTRs. As the team progressed, Colin Bond in partnership with George Shepheard won the Australian Rally Championship three times in 1971, 1972 and 1974 driving the LC Torana GTR XU-1 and later the LJ Torana GTR XU-1 while team mates Peter Lang and Warwick Smith won in 1973 making for four consecutive titles for the HDT. During this period, Peter Brock proved himself to be very successful in Rallycross races at Calder Park Raceway in Victoria, Catalina Park in New South Wales and in Mallala in South Australia, driving HDT's famous Holden Torana GTR called "The Beast". In Brock's hands this supercharged version of a LC Torana GTR proved virtually unbeatable. At the time Brock was sweeping all before him in Rallycross, young team mechanic, test driver and sometime race driver Larry Perkins also raced Rallycross with the HDT with some success.

LJ Torana GTR XU-1 V8
In 1972, Harry Firth began developing a V8-engined version of the LJ Torana GTR XU-1, to be able to compete with Ford's anticipated XA Falcon GT-HO (Phase IV) and Chrysler's mooted 340 cui V8 Charger at Bathurst (Chrysler continue to this day to say that the Charger R/T V8 was a myth and that their intention was to continue with the 265 cui Hemi-6, but Ford's GT-HO Phase IV was no myth as 4 examples were built with two surviving as of 2015). The first V8 Torana was fitted with the small block 253 cui (4.2L) V8, but this was soon upgraded to the 308 cui (5.0L) version. This car was built to Series Production rules at the time but Harry Firth had Colin Bond race the car, disguised as a Sports Sedan, at the 1972 Easter ATCC race meeting at Bathurst. Bond took an easy victory in the five lap support race with a lap time some four seconds faster than the team's 6-cylinder Series car ran on the same day. Production plans were terminated following the 'Supercar scare' of June/July 1972.

The road handling of the V8 XU-1 remains a contentious point. While Firth maintained until his death in 2014 (at the age of 96) that the V8 actually handled better than the 6 cyl XU-1, his rival at the Ford Works Team, Howard Marsden, believed that the V8 would have brake issues due to its greater speed, as well as other handling problems (with Firth making a similar counter-claim about the Phase IV). While Firth continually dismissed this, Marsden's claims were later backed up by Peter Brock who also raced the car in sports sedans. Brock claimed that while the V8 was faster in a straight line, its handling was in fact terrible due to the extra weight and that the XU-1's chassis was never built to take the greater torque of the V8 engine. Brock also told that the first time both he and Colin Bond used full acceleration in the car in testing, the greater torque of the V8 actually cracked the windscreen.

Of the four V8 XU-1 prototypes built, none survived as Holden crashed them in an effort to re-coup the costs involved in its development. Firth claimed that he personally lost some A$55,000 of his own money on the cars with the HDT carrying out almost all of the development work.

LH Torana SL/R 5000 L34 and LX Torana A9X
In 1974 Holden was able to keep the V8 engine eligible for racing when it released the larger, but significantly more powerful LH Torana SL/R 5000. Peter Brock dominated the Australian Touring Car Championship that year, using both a LJ-series GTR XU-1 and then the new LH-series SL/R 5000. Both Brock and Bond suffered engine problems with the new L34 version of the SL/R 5000 at the Sandown 250 and the Bathurst 1000 in 1974. Engine problems put the Brock/Sampson car out on lap 118 of the Bathurst race when it was six laps in front, while the Bond/Bob Skelton car was black flagged for an oil leak which lost the car time and they eventually finished in fourth place. Despite these failures in the two high-profile endurance races for the year, Holden, thanks largely to the Dealer Team, did win the 1974 Australian Manufacturers' Championship after Bond had won Round 1 in Adelaide (Chesterfield 250), Round 4 at Surfers Paradise (Chesterfield 300) and the final round at Phillip Island (Repco 500K).

1974 also saw Dick Johnson make his one and only start for the HDT when he drove the team's spare LJ GTR XU-1 Torana (#2) in Round 6 of the ATCC at Surfers Paradise on 19 May. Johnson, who in the 1980s would become a Ford folk hero and one of the Dealer Team's chief rivals, finished third in the race won by Brock with Bob Morris finishing second.

At the end of the 1974 season Brock left the HDT team, whilst Colin Bond continued on as the team's sole circuit racing driver. The L34 option was homologated for racing in 1975 which cured the V8's oil surge problems and Bond went on to win the 1975 Australian Touring Car Championship whilst also competing in rally events for HDT in a LH Torana SL/R 5000 L34. While the L34 solved the engine problems, the Torana still had one major weak spot in that the axles on the car were easily broken. In later years drivers such as Bond, Brock, Bob Morris and Allan Grice would all tell how carefully they had to drive the cars in order for them to finish races.

HDT's circuit racing presence returned to a two-car status for 1976, initially with South Australian Formula 5000 driver Johnnie Walker joining the team, but following his departure along came former speedway and open wheel driver John Harvey who would remain with the team until its split from Holden in early 1987. In 1977, Colin Bond departed HDT to join Allan Moffat's semi-works "Moffat Ford Dealers" team where he went on to finish second behind Moffat in both the ATCC and at Bathurst that year. In 1977, John Harvey became the HDT's principal driver with young Queenslander Charlie O'Brien signed to drive the team's second car.

The 1977 touring car racing season also saw the debut of the LX Torana, the new A9X performance option replacing the L34 version and available in both four-door "SL/R 5000" sedan and two-door "SS 5.0" hatchback body types. Other than the hatchback body, the most visual difference between the L34 and the A9X was that the A9X had a rear-facing bonnet scoop designed to feed cool air to the engine resulting in more horsepower. However, due to teething troubles with this new homologation special, the Holden Dealer Team struggled against the two-car Moffat Ford Dealers team, with Allan Moffat winning both the 1977 ATCC title and also the big one, the Hardie-Ferodo 1000 at Bathurst, though Peter Brock, driving for former racer and Melbourne Holden dealer Bill Patterson, gave the A9X Hatchback a dream racing debut when his privately entered car won the 1977 Hang Ten 400 at Sandown Park.

After a solid eight years as team manager of the HDT, and a 29-year career in motor racing that had begun with preparing the 1948 Australian Grand Prix winning BMW 328 for Frank Pratt, 59-year-old Harry Firth retired at the end of the 1977 season. He later told how he had become increasingly frustrated that Holden weren't listening to his advice on what was needed to be successful in Australian touring car racing. Firth would go on to be the chief CAMS scrutineer for touring cars from 1978 to 1981 alongside Frank Lowndes, the father of Craig Lowndes.

Sports Sedans
The Holden Dealer Team debuted a Sports Sedan in 1973, the car using a Repco Holden Formula 5000 engine in a Holden LJ Torana body. The car was driven by Colin Bond and Peter Brock.

The 1976 season saw Bond (who continued to live in Sydney despite the team being based in Melbourne), and his mechanics build a lightweight LH Torana Sports Sedan powered by a Formula 5000 sourced Repco-Holden V8 engine to race in the inaugural Australian Sports Sedan Championship. Due to a quirk in the rules for Sports Sedan racing in Australia, the Torana was restricted to an engine size of just 5.0 litres, while its main opposition (Ian Geoghegan and Bob Jane in their HQ Monaro GTS 350's, Allan Moffat's Chevrolet Monza and the Ford Mustang of New Zealand's Jim Richards) were all allowed to run engines up to 6.0 L in capacity. The rule was that cars which had engines of no more than 5.0 L in road going form could only race with a maximum capacity engine of 5.0 L. As the largest engine in the Torana road car range was the 5.0 L 308 V8 engine, this restricted the Torana to using a 5.0 L engine. Bond and his team in Sydney paid for the build costs of the car but ran it under the HDT banner and painted it in the team's Marlboro sponsors colours, though as he told in Australian Muscle Car magazine in 2015, Harry Firth had done a deal with the various track promoters around the country which paid him appearance money for the car but meant there was very little (if any) prize money left over for Bond. The car only appeared in two rounds of the seven round series, qualifying on pole at Sandown (1.1 seconds faster than Geoghegan despite a power disadvantage on what was a known power circuit), before finishing 3rd behind Moffat and Geoghegan in both heats, and again finishing 3rd in the next round at Oran Park. Despite this, Bond finished equal sixth in the series with Geoghegan.

After Bond left the team at the end of 1976 to join Allan Moffat Racing, the Torana was brought to Melbourne where driver/engineer Ron Harrop was given the job of preparing and driving the car. Harrop changed a few things on the car, which from 1977 was re-painted to mirror the look of the team's touring cars. He would drive the Torana in various events throughout 1977 and into 1978, though it was Peter Brock who last drove it for the team at Melbourne's Calder Park in mid-1978 before it was sold.

The Torana ended up in the hands of Casino sports sedan racer Geoff Russell who campaigned the car in the Australian Sports Sedan Championship as well as sports sedan races at Sydney's tight Amaroo Park circuit. Russell later sold the Torana to fellow Sydney racer Des Wall who retained the car until his death. The Torana is currently owned by Des' racer son David Wall who by 2015 had fully restored the car to its 1977 specification and livery.

John Sheppard takes over
John Sheppard took over as HDT team manager following Firth's retirement and one of his first moves was to bring Peter Brock back to the team. Holden had originally wanted to bring Brock back in 1976, though Harry Firth had vetoed the move when he found that Holden were allegedly willing to pay Brock A$40,000 which Firth claimed was twice as much as what he was being paid as team manager. It was a wise decision by Sheppard for Brock dominated the season, becoming the first driver to win the 'triple crown' of the Touring Car Championship, the Hang Ten 400 at Sandown and the Hardie-Ferodo 1000 (with Jim Richards) at Bathurst. He was initially given the team's 4-Door A9X to drive in the opening round at Sandown while John Harvey drove the only Hatchback available at the time. Brock was given a new hatchback Torana to drive for the rest of the season.

Soon after Sheppard took over the team in 1978, the HDT was forced to re-build their new A9X Torana's as CAMS new chief scrutineer Harry Firth refused to pass them for racing. When Sheppard protested that the rules had not changed and that the cars were actually the 1977 cars built by the team when Firth was the boss, Harry waved off the protest as he knew what he had done with the cars and knew they were not legal.

Brock was narrowly defeated by privateer Torana driver Bob Morris for the 1979 Australian Touring Car Championship, but went on to dominate the Hardie-Ferodo 1000. Brock qualified on pole position, he and Richards lead every lap of the race, Brock set a new lap record on the very last lap of the race (which would not be broken until 1982) and they won by a massive six-lap margin. Brock's pole time of 2:20.500 was also 1.966-second faster than Morris who was second on the grid.

Before Bathurst, the Holden Dealer Team also entered a three-car Commodore team in the 20,000 km Repco Round Australia Trial which started and finished at the Royal Melbourne Showgrounds and travelled clockwise around the country over some of the most inhospitable terrain imaginable. The team used the VB model Commodore which were powered by the 3.3L (202 cui), 6 cyl Holden Red motor previously used in the XU-1 Torana's (the six was chosen over the more powerful V8 due to their much lighter weight). Anxious to prove the then new cars reliability, the cars were perfectly prepared and finished first, second and third. Brock, who won the event along with co-drivers Matt Phillip and Noel Richards, has cited this event as his career highlight as it was an event in which many motor racing experts throughout Australia, as well as the media, did not believe he would do well in despite his previous rally and rallycross exploits.

The Brock era
Despite the success, by 1980 Holden was ready to pull the pin on the Dealer Team. Holden believed that since Ford had pulled out of touring car racing at the end of 1978, there was no longer any point in competing against privateer teams driving Holden cars, and they put the team up for sale. As a result of Holden quitting, John Sheppard also quit as team boss and Vin Kean purchased the team, and financed it. He called on Holden dealers to support him, with the major support coming from Vin Kean in Adelaide who could see a market for "hotter" versions of the road-going Commodore. In return for providing assistance, Vin would build a special range of modified, high performance Commodores at his Richmond road adelaide premises and provided them for the dealers to add to their range, though the cars were only available through the 54 other dealers around Australia who had agreed to help Vin Kean finance the operation (see section on HDT Special Vehicles below). For the first time, the team really was a 'Dealer Team' rather than a back-door factory team. While Vin was the boss of both the race team and the Special Vehicles operation, he hired Peter Brock to be the front man HDT driver John Harvey as the Special Vehicles workshop manager. Vin Kean was also able to keep the team's sponsors on board including major sponsor Marlboro and minor sponsors Castrol, AC Plugs & Filters, Bridgestone and TAA Airlines. According to Vin he and the team went to the first round of the 1980 ATCC at Symmons Plains in Tasmania with no major sponsor. The car was painted in Marlboro colours, but Marlboro's parent company Philip Morris International had yet to commit to the new team. Brock ran the new VB Commodore with the sponsors signs on the premise of showing them that the team would carry on its winning ways of the 1970s and after claiming pole and scoring a dominant win at Symmons, Phillip Morris committed to the deal.

Despite the off track changes, the Holden Dealer Team remained as competitive as ever in 1980, with Brock claiming his second and last 'triple crown'. During the final months of 1979 the team had been secretly testing and developing a VB Commodore with a view to the new rules of 1980. This led to a situation where Brock and the HDT virtually had the only race ready car for the start of the 1980 ATCC, which had to conform to CAMS new engine emission regulations which meant the Toranas and Falcons of previous years were out (or had to be significantly modified, running drum brakes on the rear wheels instead of 4 wheel discs and the "low emission" engine heads which produced less power), and the new Commodore and XD Falcon model were in. Other cars had come on during the year, namely the new European style Falcon and the American Chevrolet Camaro Z28 with its powerful 5.7-litre V8. This time the HDT's Bathurst adventure was less straightforward. After only qualifying 3rd behind the Camaro of Kevin Bartlett and Falcon of Dick Johnson (the first time all year the No. 05 Commodore did not claim pole position), Brock chased Johnson's XD Falcon early in the race. Then on lap 15 Brock collided with a small class Isuzu Gemini on top of the mountain causing an unscheduled pit stop. The damage was only minor but Brock went a lap down soon after leaving the pits and rejoining the track. Within half a lap however, Johnson hit a rock on the top of the mountain and was out of the race, and Brock and Jim Richards fought their way back and by the end of Brock's extended opening stint he was back in the lead and they went on to score their 3rd straight win (and Brock's 5th) while team mates John Harvey and driver/engineer Ron Harrop failed to finish after engine failure. Ironically, Harvey's engine blew just as Channel 7's camera's were following the No. 25 car across the top of The Mountain with commentator Mike Raymond praising the HDT's reliability record. Brock's extended opening stint of the race would later mean Richards actually took the chequered flag. It would be the only time Brock would not do so in his 9 Bathurst victories.

While the Holden Dealer Team was unable to win another Touring Car Championship, the team maintained its excellent Bathurst record over the next few years. Brock won Bathurst again in 1982 with former Formula One driver Larry Perkins who had been a mechanic/driver with the HDT in the early 1970s under Harry Firth before embarking on a career in Europe until returning home in 1977. Perkins was hired by Brock in 1982 to prepare the race cars and co-drive with the boss in the endurance races. The HDT again won Bathurst in 1983, though it was under somewhat controversial circumstances. The rules at the time permitted 'cross-entering' which meant that after Brock's pole winning car dropped out on only lap 8 with an engine failure, both Brock and Perkins transferred into John Harvey's car, leaving Peter's younger brother Phil, who was to be Harvey's co-driver, without a drive. The trio then went on to win the race in what was actually the 1982 race winning VH Commodore SS. The controversy was that although the rules permitted drivers cross-entering in other cars and indeed this had actually been seen previously, it was the first time that car swapping had resulted in winning the race. For 1984, which was the last year for CAMS locally developed Group C touring car regulations, Brock and Perkins made it three in a row and the team made it a 1–2 the No. 25 car of John Harvey and new recruit David Parsons (who was in the car at the finish) crossed the line right behind, but 2 laps back, Brock in a form finish.

During 1984, members of the Holden Dealer Team, including drivers Bathurst winning co-drivers Brock and Perkins, launched an assault on the 1984 24 Hours of Le Mans in France driving a 400 km/h, 650 bhp Porsche 956B supplied by 1976 Bathurst winner John Fitzpatrick and sponsored by former ATCC and Bathurst champion, retail tyre entrepreneur Bob Jane. Running under the name of "Team Australia", the team also ran in the lead up race to the event, the 1000 km race at the Silverstone Circuit in England where they finished 22nd (second last) after losing a lot of time in the pits early in the race repairing a broken rear upright. At Le Mans Perkins qualified the Porsche in 15th position. As a former Formula 1 driver, Perkins was the name driver as far as the sports car and formula racing oriented European motoring press were concerned. In a complete reversal of the situation in Australia, Brock was regarded by the media merely as a saloon car driver from the Antipodes who was along for the ride. Perkins started the race and along with Brock had the car up to 5th place after a few hours before being forced to spend some 45 minutes in the pits after the car lost a wheel during Brock's second stint, putting them out of winning contention. The team fought back and were still hopeful of a respectable finish when their race came to an end at just before 2 am after Perkins crashed the car in the Esses after a clash with the Brun Motorsport Porsche 956 of Massimo Sigala while trying to make up lost ground, the resulting damage put an end to Team Australia's race. Ironically, Perkins had clashed with the same 956 during practice, but the car was undamaged on that occasion.

After returning from Le Mans, the team had built two new VK model Commodore's for the end of season Australian Endurance Championship races and the Group C support race at the Australian Grand Prix at Calder. The cars were painted in Marlboro's "day-glo" colours and were regarded as the best looking of the Dealer Team's Commodores. Brock had noticed the Marlboro day-glo paint scheme on one of the rival Porsche 956's at Silverstone and had decided at that point that the HDT would use that same paint scheme on the Bathurst Commodores. Brock's own No. 05 won three of the four races it was entered in, the wins being the Castrol 500 at Sandown, the James Hardie 1000 and the Motorcraft 300 at Surfers Paradise.

While it has been widely reported that the No. 05 VK Commodore was undefeated in Brock's hands, this is actually untrue. The car did finish first in all three Endurance Championship races it competed in, however Brock's fourth and last race in the car saw him finish second to the factory backed Nissan Bluebird Turbo of George Fury in the support race for the 1984 Australian Grand Prix at Calder Park in Melbourne.

Group A
In 1985 Australian touring car racing now ran under the FIA's International Group A formula, rather than the indigenous Group C production car regulations that had been in force since 1973. This led directly to the Holden Commodores becoming less competitive against the imported Nissans, Volvos, BMWs and Jaguars. 1985 also saw a change in sponsorship for the team with Mobil taking over as title sponsor from Marlboro. Brock explained in a magazine interview that other than for financial reasons, the change of sponsor was partly motivated by the growing anti-smoking lobby in Australia (Brock himself had given up smoking in mid-1984 after becoming ill when he returned from Le Mans) with the team finding it harder to justify handing out posters to kids with Marlboro cigarette signage prominent.

The team's 1985 season started off in January with the Wellington 500 and Pukekohe 500 races in New Zealand where Brock and Perkins failed to figure in the results their under-developed Group A Commodore. Despite only one win during the 1985 season in the cars Australian debut which saw Brock win Round 2 of the 1985 ATCC at Sandown (the team missed the opening round at Winton as the car was still in transit from NZ), Brock nearly pulled off an upset podium at Bathurst, retiring due to a broken timing chain three laps from the end of the race while running a strong second behind the much more powerful, V12 Jaguar XJS, driven by 1974 Bathurst winner John Goss and German Armin Hahne entered by European Touring Car Championship winners Tom Walkinshaw Racing (TWR). The single-row timing chain had been shown up throughout the year as a weak point of the Commodore's, something which would not cause a problem with the upgraded 1986 car which would have the more durable double-row timing chain.

By 1986, a homologated SS Group A version of the VK Commodore, originally intended to be released in 1985 but delayed due to the unavailability of parts which prevented HDT Special Vehicles from making the required 500 before 1 August homologation date, made the Commodore much more competitive, and Brock was able to sign longtime rival Allan Moffat to the team. The HDT, taking advantage of Group A regulations, also ran a car for Brock and Moffat in the 1986 FIA Touring Car Championship (formerly the European Touring Car Championship). Due to the liberal nature by which European regulators enforced the rules (and strong rumours that the TWR Rovers and the factory Volvo turbo's were nowhere near legal), the HDT was not as competitive as they hoped, but they still achieved some successes, such as co-winning the Kings Cup team's prize at the Spa 24 Hours with Allan Grice's Australian Racing Team. The HDT's best FIATCC finish were 5th places in Round 2 at Donington Park and Round 3 at Hockenheim, but the car was generally out-paced by Grice's privately entered Commodore prepared by longtime Roadways Racing chief mechanic/engineer, Les Small who had seen how the European teams operated and had followed suit.

Brock and John Harvey also contested the 1986 ATCC in their new Group A Commodore's, with Brock finishing as the highest placed Commodore driver in the series in 4th place. Brock's only win for the year was in Round 6 of the ATCC at Surfers Paradise. It would prove to be the final ATCC race win for a Holden until Brock won Heat 1 of Round 1 in 1992 at Amaroo Park. Brock and Moffat then teamed up in the Endurance Championship, finishing 6th at Surfers due to tyre problems, before Brock qualified the No. 05 Commodore on pole for the Castrol 500 at Sandown. The pair were favourites at Sandown, having won 12 of the previous 14 Sandown enduros between them. However minor problems in the race saw them finish a lap down in 4th place. They again went to Bathurst as favourites but missed out on a place in Hardies Heroes due to Moffat's crash on the top of The Mountain which resulted in the car needing a complete new front end. A strong run in the race with Brock moving form 11th to 2nd in the first 3 laps (though he was unable to catch Allan Grice for the lead) only saw the pair finish one lap down in 5th place largely thanks to a mid race pit stop which lost them over 2 laps due to a leaking oil cooler which had to be by-passed causing the 4.9-litre V8 to run hot for the rest of the race. The team's second car driven by John Harvey and 1986 team engineer/driver Neal Lowe finished 8th at Sandown before going on to finish in second place at Bathurst behind the Les Small prepared Commodore of Allan Grice and Graeme Bailey.

By 1987 the relationship between Brock and Holden had soured, primarily over the controversial 'Energy Polarizer' device Brock was installing in the HDT road cars (see below). Moffat and Harvey both left the team, and HDT's 1987 international campaign was limited to a single car assault on the Spa 24 Hours, and team did not pose a threat in that year's ATCC. That year the Bathurst 1000 was a round of the World Touring Car Championship and Eggenberger Motorsport's turbocharged Ford Sierra RS500s dominated the race, finishing 1–2. Brock's own car failed early but he and co-driver David Parsons were cross-entered into the team's second car, which started the race in new recruit Peter McLeod's hands and made up ground in the wet conditions, and eventually finished in third place behind the two Sierras. Like 1983 a driver (in this case Formula 2 racer Jon Crooke) missed out on a Bathurst win when the lead car retired and its drivers transferred to the second car. Six months after the race was held, the Sierras were formerly disqualified for running illegal bodywork and Brock, Parsons and McLeod became the victors giving Brock his record 9th Bathurst win.

The team continued under the direction of Alan Gow, with continued support from Mobil, but without the assistance of Holden, new automotive partners had to be found. At the end of 1987, Frank Gardner had gone into a short-lived retirement and shut down the JPS Team BMW. The team bought the JPS team assets and became the official team for BMW Australia. However, by 1988, the naturally aspirated, 2.3L BMW M3 was no longer competitive against the much faster Ford Sierra's (especially in the ATCC where shorter races saw the 300 hp M3's unable to challenge with the 500 hp Sierra's) and Brock, Jim Richards, David Parsons and emerging talent Neil Crompton (also one of Channel Seven's lead commentators) found themselves fighting for scraps rather than the wins the JPS team had achieved in 1987. The Mobil team's only win during 1988 was when Brock and Richards won the Pepsi 250 at Oran Park with Parsons and Crompton finishing 4th.

The team's first time at both the Sandown and Bathurst endurance races with anything other than a Holden were forgettable. Although Richards qualified the lead M3 in 4th at Sandown, his time was over 3 seconds slower than Dick Johnson's pole time in his Sierra. After oil problems in the race for both cars, the No. 05 M3 of Brock, Richards and Parsons eventually finished in 8th place at Sandown while the team's second M3 failed to finish. For the Tooheys 1000 at Bathurst, the nature of the track and the improvement from the Sierra's (plus the introduction of the new Holden VL Commodore SS Group A SV and Nissan Skyline HR31 GTS-R turbo) saw the M3s even less competitive than they had been previously. Richards qualified the No. 56 M3 (running in Class B saw the team forced to give up using No. 05 for 1988) in just 16th place, some 6 seconds behind Johnson. The Brock/Richards car had a new BMW Motorsport engine for the race as well as a newly homologated 6-speed gearbox. Unfortunately however the race proved to be something of a disaster. The No. 56 car only lasted 89 laps before retiring with engine failure, while the No. 57 car (which had qualified 24th) was out on just lap 68 with similar problems. Brock finished off 1988 by driving his M3 to 4th place in the Group A support race at the 1988 Australian Grand Prix in Adelaide.

By the 1989 ATCC season Brock was forced into the unthinkable and spent the next two years racing Ford Sierra RS500s to be competitive. The turbocharged Sierras had quickly become the car to have in touring car racing, and Brock's cars were supplied by English Sierra expert Andy Rouse, with Brock's own 1989 ATCC car the one Rouse had used to win the 1988 RAC Tourist Trophy at Silverstone. Rouse also supplied the team with the latest technical information for the cars and was Brock's co-driver at Bathurst in 1989 and 1990, the pair recording a DNF in 1989 and a 4th-place finish in 1990. Limited budget forced the team into a merger with Miedecke Motorsport in 1990, the merger was made all the more easy as Andrew Miedecke's team also ran Rouse supplied Sierras.

The venture with Ford was not without success. Brock won his first ATCC race since the 1986 when he stormed to victory in the final round of the 1989 ATCC at Oran Park to claim 3rd in the championship behind the Shell Sierra's of Dick Johnson and John Bowe. Brock went on to claim his last Bathurst pole position at the 1989 Tooheys 1000, but a rear hub failure caused the No. 05 car's retirement on lap 81 while the team's second Sierra (#105) driven by Brad Jones and Paul Radisich finished in 9th place. At the end of the year, Brock and Radisich drove the Sierra to victory in the Nissan-Mobil 500 Series in New Zealand. Brock also claimed pole position for the Group A support races at the 1989 Australian Grand Prix in Adelaide, though he only managed to finish 2nd and 5th in the two races after a couple of spins caused by his Bridgestone tyres not handling the hot conditions during the Saturday race, or the very wet conditions on the Sunday.

The team was again a force in the 1990 ATCC although they suffered a setback when Miedecke rolled his Sierra in at Mallala after an accidental clash with the Shell Sierra of his old open wheel adversary John Bowe. Consistent placings, and a win in Round 7 at Wanneroo where his tyre wear was actually helped by falling turbo boost, saw Brock finish 2nd in the championship. Brock had a chance of defeating former team mate Jim Richards (now with the Nissan team) for the title in the final round at Oran Park, but a poor start which saw him drop to 6th by the first turn cost him his chance, though he did eventually finish the race second behind Richards who was driving the new 4WD, twin-turbo Nissan GT-R. Brock actually proved that his Sierra was the only car that had the speed to match Richards in the race, but his poor start saw him have to fight through the field which allowed Richards to build a lead big enough to win the race and the title.

With Rouse going on to race Toyota's in 1991, the team faced the prospect of going it alone with the expensive Sierras without the latest technical information. At the end of 1990, Brock concluded a deal that would see him close his team and take his sponsorship to Perkins Engineering to race a Holden VN Commodore SS Group A SV.

HDT Special Vehicles
The original cars built by HDT Special Vehicles for road use, through the early and mid-1980s under Peter Brock's direction and had approval from Holden (based on the VC, VH, VK, and VL series Commodore, plus WB series Statesman), quickly gained an enthusiastic following. Some of these were "homologation specials" required to meet both Group C and Group A racing regulations. All HDT vehicles were individually numbered, with only 4246 produced.

HDT and Brock's association with Holden ended sensationally in 1987, after Brock began fitting a device known as the "Energy Polarizer" to his range of vehicles. This device was a small box with crystals and magnets encased in an epoxy resin, which Brock claimed improved the performance and handling of vehicles through "aligning the molecules". Brock was also quoted as saying that the Polarizer "made a shithouse car, good." Regarded as pseudoscience by Holden and the vast majority of the Australian motoring community, a new VL-series based "Director" model was then released in February 1987, which incorporated not only the Polarizer, but also a new independent rear suspension system developed by HDT without Holden's approval. Holden ended its association with Brock upon his refusal to submit this model to Holden for testing purposes, despite numerous chances to do so. Brock instead told Holden through the media that the relevant specifications were available in a magazine article which detailed the Director's pre-launch tour of Europe and North America in 1986, where it was compared to cars from BMW and Opel. Holden subsequently retaliated by deciding to not honour warranties on any cars modified by HDT.

Brock would go on to claim that Holden had wanted to end its association with HDT to establish its own brand of Commodore-based up-market models, and that the company was jealous of his large public profile and HDT's success in improving their standard cars without the resources available to General Motors. In 1987, therefore, in a partnership with the British-outfit Tom Walkinshaw Racing (TWR), created Holden Special Vehicles(HSV). Since that time, HSV has been producing factory-approved modified Commodores for general road use as well as for Group A racing homologation.

Because of their heritage and rarity, the original Brock-era HDT Commodores have a substantial place in Australian motoring history, and have become highly collectible. After Brock's death during a motorsport event in 2006, HDT vehicles became ever more sought after. In 2010, for example, a "Polarizer"-equipped HDT Director was expected to be sold at auction for over A$300,000, compared to its original list price of A$87,000 that rendered it the most expensive new Australian-made car when launched in 1987.

Since May 2007, Peter Champion, a good friend of Peter Brock, purchased the HDT Special Vehicles business and relaunched a range of high-performance vehicles. Enthusiasts in many Australian States have formed HDT Owners Groups, which conduct regular concourse events, showcasing the various HDT models over the years.

Brock era cars
The following is the range of high performance HDT cars produced under Peter Brock's direction and with approval during the 1980s (by Commodore series reference and in sedan form unless otherwise stated):

 * VC COMMODORE HDT – 5.0-litre V8
 * VH COMMODORE SLE TOP 30 – 5.0-litre V8
 * VH COMMODORE ADP sedan and wagon – 4.2-litre or 5.0-litre V8
 * VH COMMODORE SS GROUP ONE – 4.2-litre V8
 * VH COMMODORE SS GROUP TWO – 4.2-litre V8
 * VH COMMODORE SS GROUP THREE – 4.2-litre or 5.0-litre V8
 * WB STATESMAN DE VILLE MAGNUM – 5.0-litre V8
 * WB STATESMAN CAPRICE MAGNUM – 5.0-litre V8
 * VK COMMODORE LM5000 – 5.0-litre
 * VK COMMODORE ADP sedan and wagon – 4.9-litre or 5.0-litre V8
 * VK COMMODORE ADP (SL GROUP A) – 4.9-litre or 5.0-litre V8
 * VK COMMODORE SS – 4.9-litre or 5.0-litre V8
 * VK COMMODORE SS GROUP THREE – 4.9-litre or 5.0-litre V8
 * VK CALAIS DIRECTOR – 4.9-litre or 5.0-litre V8
 * VK COMMODORE SS GROUP A – 4.9-litre V8 (nicknamed Blue Meanie)
 * VK COMMODORE SS GROUP A GROUP THREE – 4.9-litre V8
 * VL CALAIS LE – 6-cylinder Nissan (RB30E) 3.0-litre or (RB30ET) 3.0-litre Turbo, or 4.9-litre V8
 * VL CORSA (COMMODORE LE) – 6-cylinder Nissan 3.0-litre or 3.0-litre Turbo
 * VL COMMODORE SS GROUP A – 4.9-litre V8
 * VL COMMODORE SS GROUP A "Plus Pack" – 4.9-litre V8
 * VL COMMODORE SPORT – 6-Cylinder Nissan (RB30E) 3.0-litre, or (RB30ET) 3.0-litre Turbo, or 4.9-litre V8
 * VL CALAIS SPORT – 6-Cylinder Nissan (RB30E) 3.0-litre, or (RB30ET) 3.0-litre Turbo, or 4.9-litre V8

The range of high performance HDT cars produced by HDT independent of Holden include (by Commodore series reference and in sedan form unless otherwise stated):

 * VL HDT DIRECTOR – 4.9-litre or 5.6-litre V8
 * VL HDT GROUP THREE – 4.9-litre V8
 * VL HDT DESIGNER SERIES sedan and wagon – 6-cylinder Nissan 3.0-litre or 3.0-litre Turbo, or 4.9-litre V8
 * VL HDT AERO – 4.9-litre, 5.6-litre
 * VL HDT BATHURST – 4.9-litre or 5.6-litre V8

In addition to the above, various other 'one-off' HDT cars were also manufactured between 1980 and 1988 period. Chief among these is the MONZA coupe fitted with a 5.0-litre V8 that was displayed around Australia in 1985 with plans for production, which never eventuated. John Harvey later reported that Peter Brock, who had first driven an Opel Monza road car when he hired one as his personal transport while in France competing at Le Mans in 1984 and was impressed with its handling (and that it had been built on the same platform as the VB-VK Commodores which made it easy to slot in a V8 engine), was keen to add the Monza to HDT's range. Brock has also previously raced the Bob Jane-owned Chevrolet Monza in the Australian Sports Sedan and GT championships in the early 1980s. While it was thought that the V8 Monza coupe would be appealing to Holden fans, especially as it resembled the appearance of the popular hatchback Toranas of the late 1970s (visually the car was essentially the Opel Monza GSE with the VK Commodore's distinctive 5-slot grille to give it a more Australian look), the reasons that the car was not brought to market included that it was by then an old mid-1970s model and the projected high production costs would not have made it a viable project.

With the HDT modifications to the Monza coupe which included the 180 kW Group III 5.0 litre V8 engine (which was in fact lighter than the 3.0 litre 6 cyl Opel engine it replaced as well as being set back closer to the firewall for better weight distribution), a 5-speed manual Borg Warner TG5 transmission and Corvette styled front disc brakes (later adopted to the Holden VL Commodore turbo and V8 models), the sale price of the car was projected to be approximately $45,000. Despite 8 pre-production orders being taken for the car upon its public debut at the 1984 Canberra Motor Show, the sale price would prove to be another reason that only one HDT Monza was ever built. As a comparison, the 1985 Holden VK Commodore SS Group A "Blue Meanie" had a sale price of just under $26,000. The only HDT Monza ever built went up for auction in Sydney in May 2016 and was expected to be sold for as much as AU$120,000.

Pennisi brothers ownership
Brothers Len and Sid Pennisi bought HDT Special Vehicles in 1994 and moved the Head Office to Sydney. The brothers reastablised the brand and continued building new HDT vehicles including VN VP VR VS VT VX VY VZ also restoring and servicing previous HDT models and supplying parts and accessories at their state of the art premises in Revesby NSW. The podium finish for Brock in the 24hr 427 Monaro inspired the new HDT owners, to develop a range of HDT Aero sedans, Magnum utes and Sport vehicles including the Monaros, also carrying the Monza name. Three of these Monza vehicles were produced during the early part of 2000. These new branded Monzas were built to different specifications, with the most powerful and highly developed type being the R/T variant, which had seen track work on most club days at Eastern Creek.

New Generation cars
Since 2007, a relaunched HDT has been offering a 'New Generation' of high performance road vehicles based on the Holden Commodore (VE). These cars form HDT's new "Heritage Series", which adopt a "retro" look based on the iconic range available during the Brock era.

The first of these 'New Generation' cars is called the VC Retro sedan, appropriately styled upon Brock's first public release vehicle, the Commodore (VC)-based sedan of late 1980.

Heritage Series
Source:

The following is the range of high performance HDT cars produced under Peter Champion's ownership of HDT and based on the VE series Commodore:

 * VC RETRO – based on VE Commodore SV6, SS, and SS-V
 * VC RETRO 30TH ANNIVERSARY – based on VE Commodore SS and SS-V
 * VH RETRO – based on VE Commodore SV6, SS, and SS-V
 * VK GROUP A RETRO – based on VE Commodore (re-nicknamed Blue Meanie; 30th Anniversary model limited to 30 units)
 * VK GROUP 3 RETRO – based upon VE Commodore SS and SS-V
 * VL Group A Retro – based upon VE Commodore SS and SS-V.

Championships
This is a list of championships and series won by the Holden Dealer Team from 1969 to 1987 in touring car racing, rallying and rallycross.

Australian Manufacturers' Championship results have not been included as that title was awarded to the manufacturer (e.g. General Motors-Holden) rather than to an individual driver or team.

In addition to the series mentioned on the list the Holden Dealer Team also contested various Sports Sedan series, as well as two rounds of the 1984 World Endurance Championship with a Porsche 956B.

Endurance Wins
Other touring car endurance race wins by the Holden Dealer Team (1969–1987) include:

 * 1970 Rothmans 12 Hour at Surfers Paradise – Colin Bond and Tony Roberts (Holden HT Monaro GTS350)
 * 1971 Castrol Trophy at Warwick Farm – Colin Bond (Holden LC Torana GTR XU-1)
 * 1971 Phillip Island 500K at Phillip Island – Colin Bond (Holden LC Torana GTR XU-1)
 * 1972 Chesterfield 250 at Adelaide International Raceway – Colin Bond (Holden LJ Torana GTR XU-1)
 * 1973 Chesterfield 300 at Surfers Paradise – Peter Brock (Holden LJ Torana GTR XU-1)
 * 1973 Phillip Island 500K at Phillip Island – Peter Brock (Holden LJ Torana GTR XU-1)
 * 1974 Chesterfield 250 at Adelaide International Raceway – Colin Bond (Holden LH Torana SL/R 5000)
 * 1974 Chesterfield 300 at Surfers Paradise – Colin Bond (Holden LH Torana SL/R 5000)
 * 1974 Repo 500K at Phillip Island – Colin Bond (Holden LH Torana SL/R 5000)
 * 1975 Chesterfield 250 at Adelaide International Raceway – Colin Bond (Holden LH Torana SL/R 5000 L34)
 * 1976 Rover 500K at Phillip Island – Colin Bond (Holden LH Torana SL/R 5000 L34)
 * 1978 ABE Copiers 250 at Oran Park – John Harvey (Holden LX Torana SS A9X Hatchback)
 * 1978 Rothmans 300 at Surfers Paradise – Peter Brock (Holden LX Torana SS A9X Hatchback)
 * 1980 CRC 300 at Amaroo Park – Peter Brock (Holden VB Commodore)
 * 1980 Adelaide 300 at Adelaide International Raceway – Peter Brock (Holden VB Commodore)
 * 1981 CRC 300 at Amaroo Park – Peter Brock and John Harvey (Holden VC Commodore)
 * 1981 Adelaide 250 at Adelaide International Raceway – Peter Brock (Holden VC Commodore)
 * 1983 Humes Guardrail 300 at Adelaide International Raceway – Peter Brock (Holden VH Commodore SS)
 * 1984 Motorcraft 300 at Surfers Paradise – Peter Brock (Holden VK Commodore)
 * 1986 Wellington 500 at Wellington (NZ) – Peter Brock and Allan Moffat (Holden VK Commodore SS Group A)
 * 1986 Pukekohe 500 at Pukekohe Park Raceway (NZ) – John Harvey and Neal Lowe (Holden VK Commodore SS Group A)
 * 1987 Wellington 500 at Wellington (NZ) – Peter Brock and Allan Moffat (Holden VK Commodore SS Group A)

In addition, the HDT's VK SS Group A Commodores of Neal Lowe, Kent Baigent and Graeme Bowkett (18th) and Peter Brock, Allan Moffat and John Harvey (22nd), teamed with the Australian National Motor Racing Team Commodore of Allan Grice, Michel Delcourt and Alex Guyaux (23rd) to win the prestigious Coupe du Roi (King's Cup) at the 1986 Spa 24 Hours.

Drivers
Those who drove for the Holden Dealer Team in its many guises in touring car racing during its 21 years of competition (1969–1990) include (in order of appearance):

 * 🇦🇺 Spencer Martin (1969)
 * 🇦🇺 Kevin Bartlett (1969)
 * 🇦🇺 Peter Macrow (1969)
 * 🇦🇺 Henk Woelders (1969)
 * 🇦🇺 Des West (1969)
 * 🇦🇺 Peter Brock (1969–1974, 1978–1993)
 * 🇦🇺 Colin Bond (1969–1976)
 * 🇦🇺 Tony Roberts (1969–1970)
 * 🇦🇺 Christine Cole (1970)
 * 🇦🇺 Sandra Bennett (1970)
 * 🇦🇺 Bob Morris (1970)
 * 🇦🇺 Larry Perkins (1971–1972, 1982–1985)
 * 🇦🇺 Doug Chivas (1973)
 * 🇦🇺 Leo Geoghegan (1973)
 * 🇦🇺 Dick Johnson (1974)
 * 🇦🇺 Bob Skelton (1974)
 * 🇦🇺 Brian Sampson (1974)
 * 🇦🇺 Johnnie Walker (1975–1976)
 * 🇦🇺 John Harvey (1976–1987)
 * 🇦🇺 Wayne Negus (1976–1977)
 * 🇦🇺 Charlie O'Brien (1976–1977)
 * 🇦🇺 Ron Harrop (1977–1980)
 * 🇳🇿 Jim Richards (1978–1981, 1988)
 * 🇨🇦 Allan Moffat (1980, 1986–1987)
 * 🇦🇺 Vern Schuppan (1981)
 * 🇦🇺 Gary Scott (1982, 1987)
 * 🇦🇺 Phil Brock (1983)
 * 🇦🇺 David Parsons (1984–1985, 1987–1988, 1990)
 * 🇳🇿 David Oxton (1985, 1987)
 * 🇳🇿 Neal Lowe (1986)
 * 🇳🇿 Kent Baigent (1986)
 * 🇳🇿 Graeme Bowkett (1986)
 * 🇦🇺 Jon Crooke (1987)
 * 🇦🇺 Neil Crompton (1987–1988)
 * 🇦🇺 Peter McLeod (1987)
 * 🇦🇺 Brad Jones (1989)
 * 🇦🇺 Mark Larkham (1989)
 * 🇳🇿 Paul Radisich (1989)
 * 🇬🇧 Andy Rouse (1989–1990)
 * 🇦🇺 Andrew Miedecke (1990)
 * 🇦🇺 Tony Noske (1990)

Championships

 * Giant Killers 1972
 * Giant Killers 1973 – pgs 35, 51
 * Racing Car News, October 1972
 * Racing Car News, November 1972
 * Australian Motoring News, 9 March 1973
 * https://web.archive.org/web/20081024020246/http://www.bowdensown.com.au/cars/hodgsonxu1.html
 * Australian Competition Yearbooks 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978
 * Australian Competition Yearbook Number 8 (1979)
 * Australian Motor Racing Yearbook Number 10, 1980/81
 * The History of the Falcon GT (Stewart Wilson) © 1978
 * Sydney Morning Herald – 19 August 1973 – pg 15

title: Holden Dealer Team


text:
Talk:Trento, Agusan del Sur

Trento in the history it is in the manner that government officials uses its power in gaining incomes and profets among the minorities, mostly coruption exist, just look at the financial records that oviously edited and just a hokos fukos of the administration

Trento in the history it is in the manner that government officials uses its power in gaining incomes and profits among the minorities, mostly corruption exist, just look at the financial records that obviously edited and just a hokos fukos of the administration

unsa man ang tubig c trento murag ihe sa bata. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 112.198.64.42 (talk) 14:16, 27 January 2010 (UTC)

Crocs for sale
￼hgggggg 120.28.220.111 (talk) 08:40, 15 May 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Trento, Agusan del Sur


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fast Forward Scripts

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE.  Rob e  rt  00:09, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Fast Forward Scripts
There's already a Fast Forward article. (Tagged for clean-up. I've cleaned up the introductory paragraphs, but there's a long, rambling, poorly written list of various sketches still there.) No need for a Fast Forward Scripts entry which would probably be a breach of copyright anyway. Delete CLW 11:51, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Non-encyclopedic, and a probable copyright violation. Delete. - Andre Engels 12:16, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, clear issues with IP in addition to being unencyclopedic.--nixie 00:50, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Probably breaches copyright. Xtra 03:20, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ambi 05:00, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Fast Forward as examples of style of humour if not a breach of copyright, else delete as copyvio. --Scott Davis Talk 09:07, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Could be fair dealing if only a small amount is used and only as an example. Xtra 06:07, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Aleksander Świętochowski

Aleksander Świętochowski (18 January 1849 – 25 April 1938) was a Polish writer, educator, and philosopher of the Positivist period that followed the January 1863 Uprising.

He was widely regarded as the prophet of Polish Positivism, spreading in the Warsaw press the gospel of scientific inquiry, education, economic development, and equality of rights for all, without regard to sex, class, ethnic origin or beliefs. His was a nuanced vision, however, that took account of the shortcomings of human nature; like H.G. Wells, he advocated that power in society be wielded by the most enlightened among its members.

Life
Świętochowski was a journalist, literary critic, historian and philosopher—a founder and the leading ideologue of Polish Positivism. In 1871 he published in Przegląd Tygodniowy (The Weekly Review) a famous programmatic article of the Polish Positivists, "My i wy" ("We and You").

Świętochowski worked with many periodicals, including (1870–78) Przegląd Tygodniowy (The Weekly Review), in 1876–78 as co-editor. In 1878–79 he edited the daily Nowiny (News); when in 1882 it was bought by financier Stanisław Kronenberg, its new owner, purportedly on Świętochowski's recommendation, entrusted the editorship to Bolesław Prus.

In 1881–1902 Świętochowski edited and published Prawda (The Truth), which he had founded.

In 1881 he lost his little son. Unable to regain his equilibrium, in mid-February 1882, on the advice of Dr. Tytus Chałubiński, he went on a journey to Italy. He would recall in his Pamiętnik (Memoirs):

"During my two-month journey, [Władysław] Smoleński stood in for me in editing Prawda; and, in writing columns—[Bolesław] Prus, with whom, after the fading of the memory of [our] polemical skirmishes of the 'Young Press' period, I shared a renewed mutual sympathy."

In 1905 Świętochowski founded, and subsequently led, Stronnictwo Postępowo-Demokratyczne (the Progressive-Democratic Party), which after 1918 was somewhat aligned with the National Democratic Party. He worked with the National Democrats in opposing socialism, but their nationalism and racism were alien to him, and the National Democrats never regarded him as one of their own.

Świętochowski founded and was president of Towarzystwo Kultury Polskiej (the Polish Culture Society, 1906–13) and editor and publisher of its organ, Kultura Polska (Polish Culture).

From 1912 until his death in 1938, Świętochowski lived in Gołotczyzna, a village 67 kilometers north of Warsaw, where he established intimate intellectual and personal ties with Aleksandra Bąkowska. As early as 1909, he had inspired the creation, in Gołotczyzna, of a home-economics school for village girls, established by Bąkowska; and three years later, an agriculture school for boys, called Bratne. He regarded these institutions as his greatest achievement in the realm of education.

Świętochowski died at Gołotczyzna on 25 April 1938 and was buried in the cemetery at Sońsk, near Ciechanów.

His son Ryszard Świętochowski (Warsaw, 17 October 1882 – 1941, Auschwitz) was an engineer, journalist and politician who supported Władysław Sikorski, and published many papers in the field of physics; he was murdered at Auschwitz concentration camp.

Views
As the leading ideologist and exponent of the latter-19th-century Polish philosophical and cultural movement known as "Polish Positivism," Świętochowski was an uncompromising critic of outdated traditions and obscurantism, and a spokesman for the fostering of knowledge and education.

A complement to this optimistic scientism was his reflections on the limitations of human nature ("Dumania pesymisty" ["Reflections of a Pessimist"], Przegląd Tygodniowy [The Weekly Review], 1876), which led him to contrast sage leaders with egotistic societal collectives. Over the years, this concern of his would recur in a number of his plays and stories.

Czesław Miłosz describes him: "A brilliant man, a sharp, even violent, polemicist against the conservatives, accused by his adversaries of haughtiness... he edited the periodical Truth (Prawda), signing his articles 'Truth's [Apostle].'"

"As a creative writer [writes Miłosz], he cannot be accorded a very lofty position. He seemed even in his own day excessively cerebral; and his [play]s, for instance, are nothing but cold [pyrotechnics] of dialogues. Among his works, one of the most important is a two-volume [Brief History of Poland's Peasants]."

"[Nevertheless, w]hile his literary creations have not withstood the test of time and are not among the living artistic works of Polish literature, he will remain in Polish culture the personality that most fully embodied the ideals of the age, the activist and journalist most representative of the period, 'the Pope of Warsaw progressivism,' a tireless opponent of superstition and stupidity, the unmasker of patriotic and religious cant."

Books

 * Wolter (Voltaire), 1878.
 * O prawach człowieka i obywatela (On the Rights of Man and the Citizen), 1907.
 * Utopie w rozwoju historycznym (Utopias in Historic Development), 1910.
 * Historia chłopów polskich w zarysie (Brief History of Poland's Peasants), 2 vols., 1925–28.

title: Aleksander Świętochowski


text:
Talk:Main North Road

Route number question
Can anyone confirm whether the section north of Gawler is signposted as A32 or B32? --Scott Davis Talk 06:05, 18 March 2006 (UTC)
 * My UBD says it's A32. AtD 13:26, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

National A1 Question
Can someone clear this up. On every map I can see, Main North Road between Grand Junction Road and North Adelaide is marked as (State Route) A1, not (National A1). The national route goes via Grand Junction Road, Hampstead Road, Ascot Ave and Portrush Road to the M1. Although ive made edits elsewhere, I dont wish to go over anyones head. Cheers. LukeNE (talk) 16:05, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

Main North Road / Gawler Bypass Re-Route to A52
Hey all, www.nearmap.com.au is in the process of updating there maps. National A20 has been rerouted to the Northern Expressway as M20. the Gawler Bypass Road from the Northern Expressway interchange through to Main North Road is being updated as the A52. Im assuming nearmap wouldnt do this unless this is the new alpha numeric number for Main North Road and the southern section of the Gawler Bypass. Linkqer (talk) 03:18, 5 December 2010 (UTC)

proposed split
Main North Road north of Gawler bypass road was renamed in 2011 to Horrocks Highway. It is still commonly recognised by the old name, but the new name is what appears on signs etc. I propose that Horrocks Highway get its own article (with links to Wikidata and OpenStreetMap). --Scott Davis Talk 12:34, 21 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Supported but not a high priority? Aoziwe (talk) 10:16, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Support split, considering Horrocks Highway definition diverges north of Wilmington from the previous Main North Road route, giving it its own article would better reduce confusion. Lordstorm (talk) 14:41, 18 June 2022 (UTC)

 * After nearly four years with support but no action, article has been officially split into Horrocks Highway. Lordstorm (talk) 07:55, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

Split from the A32
Can someone talk about why the B82 was split from the A32, and make the relevant amendments to the infobox? Jordf32123 (talk) 08:45, 22 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Main North Road


text:
Talk:Street Tech

Later, set up a disambiguation site for Street Tech if required. Right now, I'd say it's too small to do something like that. --Geopgeop 11:53, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Press coverage for Street Tech of San Pablo

 * CIO Magazine
 * Microsoft PressPass
 * San Francisco Chronicle
 * USA Weekend

Other:
 * Foundation Center of San Francisco
 * Only4Gurus
 * Michael Fitzgerald - ExtremeTech originally on Yahoo! News Tech Tuesday, posted on upgradeadvisor.com - article mentioning Street Tech's service storefront, ReliaTech

--Geopgeop 03:58, 4 June 2006 (UTC), er... a couple of seconds earlier than that

title: Talk:Street Tech


text:
Coronation Scot

The Coronation Scot was a named express passenger train of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway inaugurated in 1937 for the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth which ran until the start of the war in 1939. It ran on the West Coast Main Line between London (Euston station) and Glasgow (Central station), stopping at Carlisle for crew change and to pick up and set down passengers to and from London only. The service was designed to compete with the rival services on the East Coast Main Line, for prestigious London to Scotland traffic. It was scheduled to complete the journey from London to Glasgow in 6 hours 30 minutes.

Locomotives and trains
The streamlined Coronation Class locomotives were specially developed for the service, and were amongst the most powerful steam locomotives to operate on British railways. On a press run preparatory to the introduction of the service in June 1937, LMS Coronation Class 6220 Coronation, newly built, achieved a speed of 114 miles per hour (183 km/h) near Crewe.

Three trainsets were formed from existing carriages and given a blue livery similar in colour to that previously used by the Caledonian Railway (the LMS' normal livery was the crimson lake of the former Midland Railway). The first five of the Coronation Class pacifics were also turned out in blue with silver "cheat lines".

The Coronation Scot ran only on weekdays and during summer weekends. Two of the carriage sets were used on other trains; the spare set was kept at LMS's Wolverton Works.

Formation
The train formation was (first class towards London end):

 * Brake Corridor First (BFK) to D1910
 * Corridor First (FK) to D1930
 * Restaurant Open First (RFO) to D1902
 * Kitchen Car (RK) to D1912
 * Open Third (TO) to D1904
 * Open Third (TO) to D1904
 * Kitchen Car (RK) to D1912
 * Open Third (TO) to D1904
 * Brake Corridor Third (BTK) to D1905

LMS coaching staff notice ERO 4522590-02 stipulated the formation. Photographic evidence suggests that the sets were turned so that first class always ran at the rear of the train. Sometimes a different formation ran on a Monday after carriages had been used on other services at weekends.

All passenger cars were equipped with air-conditioning ventilation, adjustable by individual passengers to give any desired temperature within the provided range.

Music
A popular piece of light orchestral music celebrating this train was composed by Vivian Ellis. This was used as the theme tune for the BBC Radio programme Paul Temple.

title: Coronation Scot


text:
File:The Reptile Room USA.PNG

Summary
Cover of The Reptile Room. From [amazon.co.uk]

title: File:The Reptile Room USA.PNG


text:
Mesquite Tower

Mesquite Tower is a free-standing lattice tower located in Mesquite, Texas, United States, that is 510 ft tall. It is the tallest structure in the city and a well known local landmark. The tower features a unique design called a Landmark or Adelphon tower and was built in 1990. It stands between West Mesquite High School and Memorial Stadium. Owned by the Mesquite Independent School District, it is a 61,000 watt radio tower used by the radio station KEOM which is operated by the school district.

title: Mesquite Tower


text: User talk:193.62.151.67

title: User talk:193.62.151.67


text:
Brett Steven

Brett Andrew Steven (born 27 April 1969) is a former New Zealand tennis player.

Biography
Steven began his tennis career at the age of 10 as a ball boy and by the age of 16 he participated at his first tournament. He attended Mount Roskill Grammar School.

Steven turned professional in 1988 and won his first tour doubles title in 1991 at Newport, Rhode Island.

Steven's best singles performance at a Grand Slam event came at the 1993 Australian Open, where he reached the quarterfinals, defeating Dave Randall, Thomas Muster, Andrei Olhovskiy and Richard Fromberg before being knocked out by Pete Sampras. At Masters level, he reached the quarterfinals of the 1993 Canada Masters and the 1998 Rome Masters.

Steven represented New Zealand at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where he lost in the first round to Arnaud Boetsch of France.

Steven won nine top-level doubles titles during his career, the most significant of which was the Indian Wells Masters, which he won in 1995 (partnering Tommy Ho). Though he did not win any top-level singles titles during his career, Steven was a singles runner-up at three tour events (Schenectady in 1993, Auckland in 1996 and Newport in 1997). His career-high rankings were World No. 32 in singles and No. 16 in doubles. His career prize-money totalled US$2,439,714. Steven retired from the professional tour in 1999.

title: Brett Steven


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fast Forward Series One

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was merge and redirect to Fast Forward. – ABCD✉ 04:46, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Fast Forward Series One
There's already a Fast Forward article. (Tagged for clean-up. I've cleaned up the introductory paragraphs, but there's a long, rambling, poorly written list of various sketches still there.) No need for a Fast Forward Series One entry which is mostly another more-of-the-same non-encyclopedic rambling list of various sketches. Delete CLW 11:55, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Fast Forward. - Andre Engels 12:17, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge --nixie 00:51, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as above. --Scott Davis Talk 09:03, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:David Booth Kansas Memorial Stadium

Article title
Shouldn't this be named "Memorial Stadium (Kansas)" or "Memorial Stadium (University of Kansas)"? That is, unless the official name actually is University of Kansas Memorial Stadium. This doesn't appear to be the case, though, as at least the official KU athletics website refers to it simply as Memorial Stadium. The current title also doesn't make a lot of sense to me, as it seemingly implies that the stadium is a memorial to the University of Kansas.

I see it was moved here from "Memorial Stadium, Lawrence". I can understand a desire for more specificity than that, and I think my above suggestions are better than the "Lawrence" iteration. Thoughts? Strikehold (talk) 09:41, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree with either of your proposed names; as you say, the stadium's name is simply "Memorial Stadium". (ESkog)(Talk) 15:24, 10 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Agree. Memorial Stadium (University of Kansas) sounds good to me. Ryan2845 (talk) 17:27, 10 June 2009 (UTC)

To match the convention of the titles of other stadiums, this page should be renamed Memorial Stadium (Lawrence).

Concerts
Does anyone have evidence that Memorial Stadium has actually been used for concerts? I've been at KU for five years and have never heard of anything of the sort. If this can't be verified, I'll go ahead and strip it out of the article. ESkog 11:56, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Age of Stadium: 7th vs 8th oldest?
The wiki page linked shows Memorial Stadium, I think, 8th oldest. Another editor reads 7th. Close enough either way, no big deal.

But when there is a 4 way tie, I thought typical etiquette was to denote "4 tied at 12th", in this case. That's how it often works in races and competitions, because otherwise they'd give out too many points, and each seems ranked higher than they "really" were.

Besides which - does anyone have more specific info on when stadiums broke ground (i.e., month and/or day)? That would resolve the tie in any case.

The linked list is also incomplete. The Yale Bowl, for example is missing, built in 1914. That would put it at 9th, at least. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.45.207.222 (talk) 22:21, 14 October 2009 (UTC)

And Harvard's was built in 1903. That's 10th. But at least the Aggies aren't the oldest. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.45.207.222 (talk) 22:25, 14 October 2009 (UTC)

I deleted the age statement until someone can cite it to a better reference. Please do, it's old, but we need to have a proper rank listed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.45.207.222 (talk) 22:33, 14 October 2009 (UTC) \

Here's the link I removed List_of_NCAA_Division_I_FBS_football_stadiums

 * Yale and Harvard aren't on that list because they do not play FBS football, which is in the title of the article. See here for FCS stadiums including Yale Bowl and Harvard's. Maybe the wording should just be changed to "seventh oldest stadium in FBS football".
 * As far as the actual number goes, everywhere i've ever seen ties in rankings, they go with the higher number. Like for example, college football rankings like those from the USA Today Poll Week 5, notice Michigan at 20, Miami and BYU tied at 21, and Missouri at 23. I've never seen anyone round the rank for the tied parties down. Ryan2845 (talk) 05:15, 15 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I think something like qualifying "active FBS stadiums" could work. It would alleviate the european stadium issue as well (they have very old schools with very old stadiums for other sports). Ties going higher is fine, I think. I'm not sure if all of the dates of the other wiki site are ground breaking dates or opening dates.  Memorial broke ground 1920, opened 1921, that could affect ranking, maybe?  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.57.132.127 (talk) 15:56, 15 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Although all the qualifiers start to get a little silly. "7th oldest, if you ignore all these other schools"  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.57.132.127 (talk) 15:59, 15 October 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Memorial Stadium (University of Kansas). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071128092720/http://kuathletics.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/recaps/111806aad.html to http://kuathletics.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/recaps/111806aad.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090912194428/http://www.kuathletics.com/sports/m-footbl/recaps/090509aab.html to http://www.kuathletics.com/sports/m-footbl/recaps/090509aab.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071126092348/http://kuathletics.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/recaps/093006aab.html to http://kuathletics.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/recaps/093006aab.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:45, 8 June 2017 (UTC)

Proposed Future Improvements
http://www2.kusports.com/news/2017/sep/22/memorial-stadium-renovation-plans-unveiled-campaig/ • Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 03:20, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

Stadium will be renamed
http://www2.kusports.com/news/2017/dec/20/ku-football-stadium-be-renamed-after-donor-david-b/ --173.213.163.114 (talk) 23:31, 20 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Thanks very much for that. I've added a few fields for the reference. DBaK (talk) 23:40, 20 December 2017 (UTC)


text:
Georges Grün

Georges Serge Grün (born 25 January 1962) is a retired Belgian football defender, who currently works as a television presenter for the UEFA Champions League matches at RTL TVI.

Club career
Grün started his career with Anderlecht in Belgium, where he spent eight seasons, winning the UEFA Cup in 1983, as well as three consecutive Belgian First Division titles between 1984 and 1987, among other trophies; he also reached another UEFA Cup final with the club in 1984, where they lost out to English side Tottenham, however. Grün joined Italian club Parma in 1990. During his time with the club, he established himself as one of the best defenders in Serie A, winning the Coppa Italia in 1992, and the Cup Winners' Cup in 1993 under manager Nevio Scala. Following a series of injury struggles during the 1993–94 season, however, he returned to his former club in 1994. In 1996, he returned to Italy once again, to play for Reggiana; however, he was no longer paid by the club between February and May 1997, and retired at the end of the 1996–97 season.

International career
Grün made his international debut in a 2–0 win against Yugoslavia at UEFA Euro 1984, on 13 June, marking the occasion with a goal. He is most famous in his home country for scoring the away goal that qualified Belgium at the expense of their neighbours Netherlands in the 1986 World Cup qualifying rounds. Belgium would go on to a very respectable fourth-place finish. He played in three FIFA World Cups for the Belgium national football team (1986, 1990 and 1994). He made his World Cup debut against Mexico on 3 June 1986. Grün is the sixth–most–capped player for Belgium with 77 appearances between 1984 and 1995, also scoring six goals.

Style of play
Usually a defender, Grün was capable of playing both as a man-marking centre-back, or stopper, and as a sweeper, due to his elegance, as well as his ability carry the ball out from the back and advance into midfield, or play it out on the ground, which enabled him to start attacking plays with his passing after winning back possession. He was even deployed as a defensive midfielder in front of the back-line on occasion.

Player

 * Anderlecht

 * Belgian First Division: 1980–81, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1986–87
 * Belgian Cup: 1987-88, 1988-89
 * Belgian Supercup: 1985, 1987
 * UEFA Cup: 1982–83 (winners), 1983-84 (runners-up)
 * European Cup Winners' Cup: 1989-90 (runners-up)
 * Jules Pappaert Cup: 1983, 1985
 * Bruges Matins: 1985, 1988

 * Parma

 * Coppa Italia: 1991–92
 * European Cup Winners' Cup: 1992–93 (winners), 1993-94 (runners-up)
 * European Super Cup: 1993

International
Belgium

 * FIFA World Cup: 1986 (fourth place)

Individual

 * Ballon d'Or nomination: 1993
 * DH The Best RSC Anderlecht Team Ever (2020)
 * IFFHS All Time Belgium Dream Team (2021)

title: Georges Grün


text:
Talk:Millbank Prison

Comments
Yes, not built on all the site. --The military hospital (now partially Tate storage and being converted to an art school) must have been on it too, with that map it wouldnt be too hard to work it out. Justinc 11:56, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Was this a panopticon? Panopticon links here but doesn't explain. Does anybody know? Rusl 20:38, 14 May 2006 (UTC)rusl
 * the link saying it was was recently removed. There seems to be some dispute. I think I do have a reference for it somewhere one way or the other, will have to find it. Justinc 10:56, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

I'm reliably informed that it wasn't a Panopticon. It didn't fulfil the Benthamite requirement of providing a mechanism for "guarding the guards" and neither did it do a good job of enabling surveillance of the inmates. Despite it's impressively forbidding architecture, there is anecdotal evidence that its maze-like structure meant that guards had to make chalk marks on the walls so they could find their way around.

Wikiproject Prisons
If anyone's interested, I've proposed a new wikiproject for the creation and improvement of articles regarding specific prisons, internment camps, and detention centers here. --Cdogsimmons (talk) 01:57, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

William Williams
The William Williams wikilink was pointing to a disambiguation page. I am unsure which (if any) of the William Williams listed designed this prison so I removed the wikilink altogether. If anybody knows, please pipe the link to the correct William Williams. --81.23.54.142 (talk) 21:57, 29 March 2010 (UTC)

Aerial photograph
I have an aerial photograph of Millbank prison. Do the panel think this would assist the article? I note there is a lot of visual material and I wouldn't want someone to remove my image for being non-notable. DavidFarmbrough (talk) 04:14, 2 January 2014 (UTC)
 * I think the article could take one more image, and if it's the photo I'm thinking of (taken from a balloon), it's certainly visually striking. GrindtXX (talk) 14:38, 2 January 2014 (UTC)

National Penitentiary
"... his proposed panopticon prison as Britain's new National Penitentiary." Neither of the references appear to support the statement that it was the National Penitentiary. Was this term used in the Act? Rjm at sleepers (talk) 10:09, 28 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Millbank Prison


text:
Bubbles (chimpanzee)

Bubbles (born 1983) is a chimpanzee once kept as a pet by the American singer Michael Jackson, who bought him from a Texas research facility in the 1980s. Bubbles frequently traveled with Jackson, drawing attention in the media. In 1987, during the Bad world tour, Bubbles and Jackson drank tea with the mayor of Osaka, Japan.

Bubbles was initially kept at the Jackson family home in Encino, Los Angeles, but was moved to Jackson's home, Neverland Ranch, in 1988. There, he slept in a crib in Jackson's bedroom, used Jackson's toilet and ate Jackson's candy in the Neverland movie theater. By 2003, Bubbles had matured into a large and aggressive adult chimpanzee unsuitable as a pet, like many captive chimpanzees, and was sent to a California animal trainer. When the trainer closed his operation in 2004, Bubbles was moved to the Center for Great Apes, a sanctuary in Wauchula, Florida, where he has lived since 2005.

Acquisition
Bubbles was born in 1983 in a research facility in Austin, Texas, that bred primates for animal testing. There are conflicting reports as to how he came into Jackson's possession; many state that Jackson had purchased him when he was eight months old. The acquisition was said to have been supervised by Bob Dunn, then one of Hollywood's most famous suppliers and trainers of animals for films, photoshoots and advertisements.

Late 1980s
Bubbles was kept at the Jackson family's Encino home until 1988, when he was moved to Jackson's new home, Neverland Ranch, in Santa Barbara County, California. Bubbles slept in a crib in Jackson's bedroom, ate candy in the Neverland movie theater, was fed at the dining table, wore a diaper, and used Jackson's toilet. At Jackson's 2005 trial, Jackson said that his chimpanzees helped with housekeeping chores: "They run around, help me clean the room. They help me dust, clean the window." Jackson's housekeepers testified that they disapproved of the chimpanzee behavior. One said she had to clean feces hurled at the bedroom wall, and another described a chimpanzee tearing off his diaper before crawling into Jackson's bed. During the late 1980s, Jackson took Bubbles on outings and would often talk to him. According to reports, he showed him how to moonwalk. Bubbles had an agent and was rumored to have his own bodyguard. He sat in for the recording of Jackson's album Bad (1987)— Jackson insisted that Bubbles and Jackson's pet snake attend as spectators—and accompanied Jackson for the filming of the "Bad" music video. Bubbles made a cameo in the video for "Liberian Girl".

When the Bad world tour began in September 1987, Bubbles and Jackson shared a two-bedroom hotel suite in Tokyo. Bubbles and Jackson made a social visit to the Mayor of Osaka, Yasushi Oshima; there, Bubbles drank Japanese green tea while seated quietly next to Jackson. Oshima said that he and his fellow officials were "surprised to see the chimpanzee, but we understand he is [Michael's] good friend ... This is the first time an animal ever entered City Hall." Though allowed to travel to Japan, Bubbles was unable to enter Britain and Sweden due to strict quarantine laws. Jackson also brought Bubbles for tea at Elizabeth Taylor's house. Taylor did not mind that Jackson had brought a chimpanzee. At a party to celebrate and promote Bad, Bubbles reportedly "worked the room" and was "the life of the party".

Around this time, Bubbles and Jackson were photographed by Kenny Rogers for his book, Your Friends and Mine. The photo shows Bubbles held on Jackson's hip. In the black and white photograph, Bubbles is dressed casually in a long-sleeved shirt and overalls. Jackson is also dressed casually; he wears jeans and a simple shirt. Rogers said: "Bubbles was so human it was almost frightening. He would take Christopher [Rogers' son] by the hand, walk over to the refrigerator, open it, take out a banana and hand it to him. Christopher was amazed... we all were."

According to author David Wigg, Queen singer Freddie Mercury grew frustrated trying to record a duet with Jackson, "There Must Be More to Life Than This", because of Jackson's insistence that Bubbles be in the studio. According to Wigg, "Michael made Bubbles sit between them and would turn to the chimp between takes and ask, 'Don't you think that was lovely?' Or, 'Do you think we should do that again?' After a few days of this, Freddie just exploded ... 'I'm not performing with a fucking chimp sitting next to me each night.'" Mercury left the project and released the song as a solo artist in 1985. The duet with Jackson was not released until the Queen members Brian May and Roger Taylor discovered it and included it on the album Queen Forever in 2014.

Relocations
In the 2003 documentary Living with Michael Jackson, Jackson told the journalist Martin Bashir that Bubbles had become pugnacious. He was moved to an animal sanctuary over fears he might attack Jackson's newborn son, Prince Michael II. Jackson bought two more baby chimpanzees, Max and Action Jackson; the public believed these chimpanzees were also Bubbles. Bubbles' removal was a source of regret for Jackson. During the interview, Bashir was also told of how Jackson had planned to hold a "celebrity animal party" for Bubbles; Cheeta, the chimpanzee from Tarzan, Benji and Lassie were to be invited.

Bubbles was relocated to Bob Dunn's ranch in Sylmar, California. Dunn said at the time: "Bubbles is an adult chimp and a wild animal. We don't let him out to play." According to CNN, Jackson and his children visited Bubbles and played with the other animals at the ranch. "[Jackson] still acts like a kid around them", Dunn said. The Washington Times, however, claimed Jackson did not visit Bubbles, despite Jackson's representative having stated that he would like to meet him again. Shortly afterward, in December 2003, it was claimed that Bubbles had attempted suicide. He was supposedly taken to a hospital in time to be saved.

Since the closure of Dunn's facility in 2004, Bubbles has been kept at the Center for Great Apes in Wauchula, Florida, where he is said to enjoy painting and listening to flute music. The annual care for each animal at the center costs around $17,000 as of 2009. Patti Ragan, director for the Center for Great Apes, commented on the animals' daily routine at the sanctuary: "They relax. They take naps together. They might go up in the top of the cupola. They go out in the chutes and lie under a tree in the tunnel system. They groom each other and they fight and they have arguments, too." According to animal keepers at the center, Bubbles—whose facial features have changed since his time with Jackson—is now "huge and ugly", weighing 185 pounds (84 kg), but has a "sweet character". In 2009, Bubbles was spending most of his time sitting quietly in trees with Sam, a 40-year-old chimpanzee.

Death of Jackson
On June 25, 2009, Jackson died at the age of 50 following a cardiac arrest. Dunn, speaking to the News of the World, said: "Bubbles definitely missed [Jackson] when they parted and will miss him now. Chimpanzees are intelligent. They remember people and stuff. Bubbles and Michael were close friends and playmates. The last time Michael visited, Bubbles definitely recognized and remembered him." Dunn said that Jackson thought of Bubbles as his first child, and added that he hoped Jackson's children would keep in touch with their "stepbrother" following their father's death. In 2010, Jackson's sister La Toya visited Bubbles at the Center for Great Apes in Florida. According to the Center for Great Apes website, Jackson's estate has continued to support the costs of Bubbles' care.

Media coverage
According to the journalist Steve Huey, Bubbles formed a public perception of Jackson as a "bizarre eccentric, obsessed with recapturing his childhood". According to Robert Thompson, professor of popular culture at Syracuse University, Jackson's acquisition of Bubbles was "when the weirdness began to reach mythic proportions".

Jackson and Bubbles' bond, as well as Jackson's other alleged eccentricities, contributed to the media nickname "Wacko Jacko", which Jackson came to despise. The media often focused on Bubbles, rather than Jackson's music, and published false stories, such as the allegation that Bubbles was not a single ape, but one of several. A later claim suggested that Bubbles had died; Jackson's press agent Lee Solters told reporters that "when Bubbles heard about his demise he went bananas ... Like Mark Twain, his death is grossly exaggerated and he's alive and doing well."

The media also falsely reported that Bubbles would be the ringbearer at Elizabeth Taylor's wedding at Neverland Ranch in 1991; according to The New York Times, it was "an idea that some newspapers found too delightful not to report." The National Enquirer claimed that the musician Prince had used extrasensory perception to turn Bubbles crazy. According to the story, Jackson said: "What kind of sicko would mess with a monkey? This is the final straw. Poor, poor Bubbles." Jackson found the story hilarious; his staff reported that they had never seen him laugh so much.

Legacy
Jackson launched Michael's Pets, a range of soft toys based on the animals he owned, in November 1986. "He [Jackson] was very instrumental in designing the toys", said Bob Michaelson, who was responsible for developing them. "He was very instrumental in how it should be programmed... he's got tremendous intuition." Jackson, in approving the toys, stipulated that the manufacturers donate $1 per sale to a children's charity.

In 1988, the artist Jeff Koons made three identical porcelain sculptures, Michael Jackson and Bubbles, as part of his Banality exhibit. At the time, each sculpture was said to be worth $250,000. Koons once said: "If I could be one other living person, it would probably be Michael Jackson." The piece became one of Koons' best known works. The figure shows Jackson and Bubbles wearing gold military-style suits. In 2001, one of the figures was put up for auction and was expected to fetch between $3 million and $4 million. The figure sold to an anonymous telephone bidder for $5.6 million, a record for a work by Koons.

The Daily Telegraph reported in August 2009 that Bubbles was to publish a "tell-all memoir" about his time with Jackson. The book, Bubbles: My Secret Diary, From Swaziland to Neverland, is a spoof diary by journalist John Blake, and the book fictionally documents the "darker aspects" of Bubbles' life, including a "$2,000-a-day banana addiction, depression, romantic conquests, and [his] 'vicious rivalry' with Tarzan star Cheeta". The "collection of very personal and honest entries from [Bubbles'] diary" was released in October 2009. Blake said:

"Behind his seemingly-perfect life of glamorous friends, gold-plated tyre swings, and personal chefs, there is a dark history of medical experiments, addiction and loss. But Bubbles has fought against his personal and professional problems and, with his help of man-pet Michael Jackson, he has grown to become bigger than King Kong—figuratively speaking."

title: Bubbles (chimpanzee)


text:
Talk:Russell "New Zealand"

I did some basic research on this stub and included a see-also link with more. This really ought to be expanded, and my edit cleaned up more. Of course, I'm not finished with it. Rakeela 07:05, September 29 2005
 * Bah! Nevermind.  I just found a more developed article at Kororareka already.  I'm opting this one for being gotten rid of.  Rakeela  07:11, September 29 2005

title: Talk:Russell "New Zealand"


text:
Honoré Robillard

Honoré Robillard (January 12, 1835 – June 13, 1914) was a Liberal-Conservative Member of the House of Commons of Canada for Ottawa City from 1887 to 1896 and a provincial Conservative Member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario for Russell from 1883 to 1886. He was first elected to the Ontario legislature by defeating his brother, Alexander, who was the Liberal candidate.

He was born in Saint-Eustache in Lower Canada in 1835, the son of Antoine Robillard and Émilie Loriau, and studied in Ottawa. At the age of 17, he left for the gold fields of Australia, returning to Canada in 1858, by way of England. Robillard married Philomène Barrette in 1860. In 1862, he travelled to British Columbia, again in search of gold, and was employed in building the first wagon road in the province. Robillard returned to Ottawa in 1864 by way of Oregon. He was involved in the operation of quarries, providing material for construction in Gloucester Township. He served as reeve for the township in 1873. Robillard was also a lieutenant in the militia and a justice of the peace. In 1879, he married Marie E.G. Richer after the death of his first wife. In 1883, Robillard became the first Francophone member of the Ontario Legislature. He died in Ottawa at the age of 79.

title: Honoré Robillard


text: User talk:129.2.146.221

title: User talk:129.2.146.221


text:
Adam (disambiguation)

Adam is a holy figure in the Abrahamic religions who is seen as the first human created by God.

Adam may also refer to:

 * Adam (given name)
 * Adam (surname)
 * Adam (murder victim), the name police gave to an unidentified male child whose torso was discovered in the River Thames in London
 * Adamu (Assyrian king), the earliest Assyrian king of Middle East. He may be the inspiration for Adam.

Arts

 * Adam style or Adamesque, a style of interior decoration with elaborate plasterwork after three Scottish brothers
 * Adam@home (previously titled Adam) newspaper comic strip, by Brian Basset and Rob Harrell

Books

 * Adam, a 1960 novel by David Bolt
 * Adam (novel), a 2008 novel by author Ted Dekker
 * Adam, a 2014 novel by Ariel Schrag
 * Adam, a character in the Japanese manga Record of Ragnarok

Film and television

 * Adam (1983 film), an American drama television film
 * Adam (1992 film), a British stop-motion animation film
 * Adam (2009 film), an American romance film
 * Adam (2019 American film), an American comedy film
 * Adam (2019 Moroccan film), a Moroccan film
 * Adam (2020 film), an American drama film
 * "Adam" (Torchwood), a 2008 episode from Series 2 of the TV series Torchwood
 * "Adam", a Series A episode of the television series QI (2003)

Music

 * Adam (musical), a 1983 musical by Richard Ahlert about Adam Clayton Powell Jr.

Sculpture

 * Adam (Lombardo), a c. 1490–1495 marble sculpture by Tullio Lombardo
 * Adam (Rodin), an 1880–81 sculpture by Auguste Rodin
 * Adam (Bourdelle), an 1889 bronze sculpture by Antoine Bourdelle
 * Adam, a 1938–39 colossal sculpture of a head by Jacob Epstein

Companies

 * Adam Air, a former Indonesian airline
 * Adam Aircraft Industries, an aircraft manufacturer
 * Adam and Company, a private bank in the UK
 * ADAM Audio, a German loudspeaker manufacturer
 * Adam Hats, an American hat company
 * A.D.A.M., Inc., a health information company
 * Adam Internet, an Australian Internet service provider
 * Adam Motor Company, a defunct Pakistani automobile manufacturer
 * Adam VIII, a record label

Places

 * Adam, Oman, a town in Oman
 * Adam, Russia, several rural localities in the Udmurt Republic, Russia
 * Adam, West Virginia, an unincorporated community in West Virginia, US
 * Adam, alternative name of Geva Binyamin, an Israeli settlement in the West Bank
 * Adam, a village in Drăguşeni Commune, Galaţi County, Romania
 * Adam Range, a mountain range in Nunavut, Canada
 * City of Adam, a city mentioned in the Book of Joshua in the Bible

Science

 * ADAM (protein), a family of peptidase proteins
 * ADAM complex (amniotic deformity, adhesions and mutilations) or amniotic band constriction, a congenital disorder
 * Y-chromosomal Adam, patrilineal most recent common ancestor
 * Audit Data Analysis and Mining, an intrusion detection system
 * Adam, a Robot Scientist
 * Adam (tree), a giant sequoia tree in California

Technology

 * Coleco Adam, an early home computer
 * Adam tablet, a tablet computer from Notion Ink
 * Active Directory Application Mode, the previous name for Microsoft's Active Directory Lightweight Director Service
 * Opel Adam, a car
 * Area Defense Anti-Munitions, an experimental weapons system being developed by Lockheed Martin
 * Area Denial Artillery Munition, a family of US anti-personnel landmines and their carrier artillery shells
 * Adam (optimization algorithm), an optimization algorithm for deep learning
 * ADAM Program, used to help find missing children in the United States

U.S. government programs

 * Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring, a US drug-abuse-monitoring program
 * Code Adam, used in the US to alert the public of missing children

Other uses

 * Adam (drug), a street name for MDMA/ecstasy
 * Adam (beverage), meaning water

title: Adam (disambiguation)