text:
Talk:National Research Council Canada

NRC's troubled past
The paragraph commenting on NRC's troubled past with one of his employee (including the external link) should be removed from the article for the following reasons:
 * (removed per WP:BLP)

--Andy 20:31, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Because of all of the above, it seems that this was not written in good faith but more to publicize a dispute. This has no room in this Encyclopedia.
 * I've re-added the comments, don't think it's fair to exclude them. I don't agree with them though. -- Barry Zuckerkorn 20:17, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

The paragraph commenting on NRC's troubled past with one of his employee (including the external link) should be not removed from the article for the following reasons: Roytoubassi 23:31, 23 January 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) The National Research Council Canada (NRC) is a large institution with over 4000 employees working in several buildings.  Such a vast government organization should maintain standards to treat each employee equally regardless of their race or background.  The NRC should reflect Canada's values as being a cultural mosaic and not discriminate against any individuals.
 * 2) The paragraph ends with "Complaints of racial discrimination are ongoing against the National Research Council". These are legitimate points in favour of Dr. Grover against the NRC and should be allowed.  Racial discrimination from any government institute should not be acceptable and the NRC should be penalized for such actions.  These actions define the NRC and this should be considered a big news story.

 * 1) Hate to break it to you, but what happens to one employee in one building CAN BE news. Michael Smith was one employee in one building in Vancouver.  Tak Mak is one employee in one building in Toronto.  And Chander Grover is one employee in one building at NRC.  Whether or not "other employees" are involved in news is irrelevant.  Andy, you are undermining the scope of what is a very serious problem:
 * 2) The question that is fundamental is whether signficant human rights problems (a) occurred at NRC and (b) are significant enough to be on Wikipedia's page about NRC:

So, did significant racial discrimination occur at NRC?

(i) Since 1992, the Federal Court and its jurisdiction has issued a total of 4 decisions (Grover v. NRC -- 1992 accounting for one of them, also Liu v. NRC, Grover v. NRC -- 1994 and CHRC v. NRC -- 1996) condemning NRC of serious violations of human rights involving more than one employee (and more than one building, Andy).

(ii) Every president of NRC (with the exception of the current) since 1987 has participated at a Canadian Human Rights Tribunal regarding racial discrimination against an employee.

(iii) Every time NRC has been before a Canadian Human Rights Tribunal, it has been found responsible of racial discrimination against employees. This is a systemic issue, and nothing has been done at this organization to fix the issue.

(iv) Senior management at NRC has been found responsible in the above cited court decisions of calculated strategies to undermine career progression of racialized employees -- i.e. systemic racism at the core. In Canada.

So, is it significant enough to be on Wikipedia's NRC page?

(i) Over 200 articles have been written in Canada's news media (National Post as recently as October 6, 2005, The Globe and Mail, Ottawa Citizen, every major newspaper in a city greater than 300k), in international news media (Europe and Asia), and even in scientific periodicals including Nature) regarding NRC's track record of racial discrimination, with the Grover affair being the highlight.

(ii) A Canadian standing parliamentary committee in 1993 was convened wherein the then-president of NRC was questioned regarding the racial discrimination occurring against employees of NRC; the questions were based on the reports of the Grover case.

(iii) On November 5, 1997, the Chief Commissioner and General Counsel for the Canadian Human Rights Commission appeared before the Standing Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs. The General Counsel called the Grover v. National Research Council case a landmark case and stated:

"On the tribunal side, the commission has been quite active. If you were to check in the Human Rights Reporter, you would find that the major race discrimination victories in Canada have been won by the Canadian commission, starting with a case that some of the senators may know of, Chander Grover vs. National Research Council which, at the time, was a landmark in establishing race discrimination."

(iv) MANY managers at NRC were referred under Section 59 of the Canadian Human Rights Act for criminal investigation by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police for their actions in the Grover matter (see Grover v. NRC -- 1992 decision). Think about it -- in Canada, of all countries, members of management at a national agency were referred for investigation of criminal actions stemming from racial discrimination.

(v) The fact that complaints of racial discrimination are ongoing against NRC has been reported in press media (Ottawa Citizen, Oct 5, 2005; National Post Oct 6, 2005)

This isn't just a "dispute" of one employee and there is no undue weight NPOV bias as per the above. Andy is misinformed. It's not the "viewpoint" of just myself or the minority. It's fact with wide ranging interest. It's fact substantiated by multiple decisions in the highest courts in Canada, discussed in the parliament of Canada, and reported in media internationally for the past 15 years.

This has shaped NRC history for the past 15 years probably more so than anything. Repeated findings of racial discrimination today in a national agency of Canada are news. Big news.

I've met Gerhard Herzberg. He should probably be in this article also. But Chander Grover definitely should be. The NPOV flag should be lifted.

-- Samir     (the scope)  03:49, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

It's been almost a month with no reply... will remove NPOV tag. -- Samir     (the scope)  04:15, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia is not a place to air controversial, individual disputes. A personal website is appropriate for such issues. Read official policy Neutral_point_of_view

"Undue weight

NPOV says that the article should fairly represent all significant viewpoints, in proportion to the prominence of each. Now an important qualification. Articles that compare views need not give minority views as much or as detailed a description as more popular views, and may not include tiny-minority views at all".

Based on the number of postings, no one, other than Grover, considers this to be a significant viewpoint, or a prominent event in the nearly 100-year history of the NRC. If this was just one item in a huge entry, it would be fine, but since the NRC entry is brief, it is all out of proportion. 70.25.91.244 16:00, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

I'm unclear why you think this is an individual dispute, because the importance of the issue has been listed by Samir Grover above. It sounds like your opinion is an NRC party line and indeed I'm speculating as to why you think this is a minority view or a tiny-minority view. I didn't reply before because I supported his opinion. From what I can see, the evidence shows that there have been three findings of racial discrimination in Canadian government agencies by Federal Court (or tribunals appointed under its purview) in the past 30 years, and 2 of these were against the NRC condemning it of significant acts of racial discrimination against Dr. Chander Grover. Their actions have been reported in major media (which have been listed above, including Canada's largest newspapers and Nature). This is a big deal with respect to the NRC's history (be it 100 years or otherwise) and deserves to be in wikipedia. I don't think this is a minority viewpoint at all. Jack Stanley 14:05, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Relevancy of Grover to NRC
It's my opinion that listing Grover in this article is crucial. The racial discrimination that took place at NRC is a sad, but major part of their past, and it wasn't limited to just Grover. The only thing you heard about NRC in the early nineties was related to systemic racial discrimination. Saying that Dr. Chander P. Grover disputes the fairness of hiring policies is a misstatement (don't recall him ever saying that in the media). I think it's more fair to say that NRC was repetitively found guilty of racial discrimination against Grover and other employees, and was reprimanded for their systemic racial discrimination. -- Barry Zuckerkorn 20:23, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Also, I think there were other findings of racial discrimination against NRC, not just the 1992 CHRC decision, weren't there 2 other findings, and other scientists involved, including Anthony Liu? Didn't a former president admit systemic discimination before a parliamentary subcommittee? -- Barry Zuckerkorn 20:28, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Needless to say, I'm unimpressed with the anon's edits -- what's funny is that the IP doesn't lead to NRC like previous anons did. Barry, links to the relevant history are available on the Chander Grover page as well. To say that this is not a prominent event in the history of NRC is laughable. Was going to revert, but will see what further comments arise.

-- Samir     (the scope)  09:08, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

^^ I'm completely agreed with the above. When I was at NRC in the late 1980s, I witnessed many instances of what could be termed "systematic racial discrimination". Sjcbr 2015 (talk) 03:16, 16 July 2015 (UTC)

What_Wikipedia_is_not

Wikipedia is not a soapbox

Wikipedia is not a soapbox, or a vehicle for propaganda and advertising. Therefore, Wikipedia articles are not:

 * Propaganda or advocacy of any kind. Of course, an article can report objectively about such things, as long as an attempt is made to approach a neutral point of view. You might wish to go to Usenet or start a blog if you want to convince people of the merits of your favorite views.
 * Self-promotion. While you are free to write about yourself or projects you have a strong personal involvement in, remember that the standards for encyclopedic articles apply to such pages just like any other. ... Creating overly abundant links and references to autobiographical articles is unacceptable. See Wikipedia:Autobiography and Wikipedia:Notability. 70.25.91.244 15:49, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

Propaganda? Advertising? I think the facts are being ignored. The Grover case is well substantiated (just look at the above), so claiming that this is a soapbox is rather a big stretch. Three lines for an issue that has been shown to be important (Google > 1000 hits, press articles as above) and relevant to NRC is appropriate in my mind. It's not like this is a bio article so quoting WP:Notability or WP:Autobiography is irrelevant. I've reverted both the text and the link. Barry Zuckerkorn 18:33, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

I think the more appropriate policy is: Wikipedia is an encyclopedia. You shouldn't delete facts. I don't think three lines on Chander Grover are a soapbox, as per the above. I've already refuted your undue weight theory. The facts have been more than substantiated on Chander Grover. It clearly meets verifiability WP:V. J.Stanley 21:06, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

i'm just scanning thru but i think the racist actions of national resaerch council of canada are terrible they need too be in the article and they well known,also Chander Grover is good man,he contribute to country 205.211.160.1 18:57, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

racists
Racism defined NRC in the 1990's. It must be included in the NRC article. There is much literativre on the subject/

deadend institute links
Most of the institute pages don't exist - is it useful to have them in as wiki links, since most of them just lead to an empty edit page? Rakerman (talk) 18:13, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

new president
Information about the President needs to be updated. I believe the new president started April 19, 2010.

John R. McDougall Appointed President of the National Research Council of Canada

OTTAWA, April 1st, 2010 — The Honourable Tony Clement, Minister of Industry and Minister responsible for the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), today announced the appointment of Mr. John McDougall as President of the Council.

“I am pleased to welcome Mr. McDougall to the Council; his work has had a major impact on the evolution of public policy in business, trade, science and technology as well as innovation in both Canada and beyond,” said Tony Clement.

“With his vast wealth of knowledge and professional experience Mr. McDougall will be an asset to the NRC’s work in advancing research and development in Canada,” said the Honourable Gary Goodyear, Minister of State (Science and Technology).

“The NRC has an historic reputation of scientific excellence and I’m thrilled to accept this new position. I look forward to contributing to the growth and advancement of the Canadian science, technology and innovation sectors,” said Mr. McDougall.

Mr. McDougall is Chair of Innoventures Canada and a Director of PFB Corporation. From 1997 to 2009, he served as CEO of the Alberta Research Council. From 1991 to 1997, Mr. McDougall served as the inaugural Chair in Management for Engineers in the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Alberta. In addition, he founded and served as senior executive of the DALCOR companies from 1976 to 1998.

Mr. McDougall received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Alberta in 1967. He also completed a number of postgraduate courses in environmental engineering.

http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/ic1.nsf/eng/05449.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 132.246.153.111 (talk) 14:50, 20 April 2010 (UTC)

 * A fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineers, Mr. McDougall has a Bachelor of Science Degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Alberta with a number of postgraduate courses in environmental engineering to his credit. He is an active participant in professional and community affairs, having served on a number of influential advisory boards and committees, including the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the AUTO21 National Centre of Excellence, the Edmonton Space & Science Foundation and the Environmental Protection Advisory Committee. He currently serves as Chair of C-FER Technologies Inc. and Innoventures Canada, while holding duties as a Director of PFB Corporation.

External links modified
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External links modified (February 2018)
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Name - of or not?
The title was moved to National Research Council Canada in January, from National Research Council (Canada). I declined an "uncontroversial" request to move it to National Research Council of Canada. Both are used in official sources and so the title needs to be discussed before another move. Fences &  Windows  00:50, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
 * The link I provided in the reasoning shows that "of Canada" is the proper name, apparently... I made the initial move based on what I saw in sources, and this request when the official/legal name was pointed out through the recent edit by User:Itamblyn. I assumed there was little to no likelihood of any response, let alone discussion or controversy, but I'm fine with either title to be honest. Figured I'd just ask for the mop. -  Floydian  τ ¢ 01:41, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
 * It's unclear (to me, at least) when (or even if) the name was officially changed from "National Research Council of Canada" to "National Research Council Canada". The latter form seems inspired by the banner which came into use a long time ago. Sadly, the History pages of the NRC Web pages are silent on this matter. Urhixidur (talk) 23:18, 21 June 2021 (UTC)

 * The name of the organization is very clearly defined in legislation: https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/n-15/page-1.html National Research Council Canada is not the name of the organization, even if someone wants it to be. It doesn't matter what a marketing department or banner producer calls it, it is not the official name. The official name is National Research Council of Canada. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Itamblyn (talk • contribs) 23:20, 14 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:National Research Council Canada


text: User talk:69.230.198.221

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:69.230.198.221


text:
Harivaṃśa

The Harivamsa (हरिवंश, ) is an important work of Sanskrit literature, containing 16,374 shlokas, mostly in the anustubh metre. The text is also known as the Harivamsa Purana. This text is believed to be a khila (appendix or supplement) to the Mahabharata and is traditionally ascribed to Vyasa. The most celebrated commentary of the Mahabharata by Neelakantha Chaturdhara, the Bharata Bhava Deepa also covers the Harivamsa. According to a traditional version of the Mahabharata, the Harivamsa is divided into two parvas (books) and 12,000 verses. These are included with the eighteen parvas of the Mahabharata. The Critical Edition has three parvas and 5,965 verses.

The Adi Parva of Harivamsa describes the creation of the cosmos and the legendary history of the kings of the Solar and Lunar dynasties leading up to the birth of Krishna. Vishnu Parva recounts the history of Krishna up to the events prior to the Mahabharata. Bhavishya Parva, the third book, includes two alternate creation theories, hymns to Shiva and Vishnu and provides a description of the Kali Yuga. While the Harivamsa has been regarded as an important source of information on the origin of Vishnu's incarnation Krishna, there has been speculation as to whether this text was derived from an earlier text and what its relationship is to the Brahma Purana, another text that deals with the origins of Krishna.

Chronology

The bulk of the text is derived from two traditions, the tradition, that is, the five marks of the Purana corpus one of which is the  genealogy, and stories about the life of Krishna as a herdsman.

The text is complex, containing layers that go back to the 1st or 2nd centuries BCE.

Probably there was an oral previous version because later in time, the text was enlarged by additions and was matched in style to the Mahabharata.

The origin of this appendix is not precisely known but it is apparent that it was a part of the Mahabharata by the 1st century CE because "the poet Ashvaghosha quotes a couple of verses, attributing them to the Mahabharata, which are now only found in the Harivamsa."

Sivaprasad Bhattacharyya, also considered that Ashvaghosha referred to the Harivamsa, and found internal and external evidence that it was an authoritative text by the first century CE and that its later redaction took place around the end of the second or beginning of the third century CE.

Edward Washburn Hopkins considered the Mahabharata increased by the addition of the Harivamsa c. 200 CE, but also the possible existence of Harivamsa as part of the around hundred thousand verses within the Mahabharata as it can be attested in the Southern recension of the latter.

R. C. Hazra has dated the Purana to the 4th century CE on the basis of the description of the rasa lila in it, as according to him, the Visnu Purana and the Bhagavata Purana belong to the 5th century CE and 6th century CE respectively. According to Dikshit, the date of the Matsya Purana is 3rd century CE. When we compare the biography of Krishna, the account of Raji, and some other episodes as depicted in the, it appears to be anterior to the former. Therefore, the and the  can be dated to at least the 3rd century CE.

J. L. Masson and D. H. H. Ingalls regard the language of Harivamsa not later than 2nd or 3rd century CE and possibly from the 1st century CE; and André Couture that Mathura's description in Harivamsa is similar to cities of Kushana period (1st to mid-3rd century CE).

By its style and contents, the appears to be anterior to the  and. The verses quoted by Asvaghosa belong to this parva. On this basis, we can safely assume the (except for the later interpolations) to be at least as old as the 1st century CE.

Editions
The is available in three editions. The vulgate text of the has total 271 s (chapters), divided into three parvas,  (55 chapters),  (81 chapters) and  (135 chapters). The traditional edition contains 12000 shlokas (verses) 2 sub-parvas, the Harivamsa Parva (187 chapters) and the Bhavishya Parva (48 chapters) with a total of 235 chapters. The Critical Edition or CE (1969–71, Ed. P.L.Vaidya), estimated to be c. 300 Common Era by Vaidya, is around a third (118 chapters in 6073 slokas) of this vulgate edition. Like the vulgate, the chapters in the CE are divided into three parvas, (chapters 1-45),  (chapters 46-113) and  (chapters 114 -118). Vaidya suggests that even the CE represents an expanded text and proposes that the oldest form of probably began with chapter 20 (which is where Agni Purana 12 places its start) and must have ended with chapter 98 of his text.

Translations

The Harivamsa has been translated in many Indian vernacular languages; The vulgate version containing 3 books and 271 chapters has not been translated into English yet. The only English translation of the traditional version containing 2 sub-parvas (Harivamsa parva - 187 chapters and Bhavishya parva - 48 chapters, a total of 235 chapters) is by Manmatha Nath Dutt in 1897 and it is in the public domain. The critical edition has been translated into English twice so far, once in 2016 by Bibek Debroy and by Simon Brodbeck in 2019.

It has been translated into French by M. A. Langlois,1834–35.

title: Harivaṃśa


text:
45 Andromedae

45 Andromedae, abbreviated 45 And, is a double star in the northern constellation Andromeda. 45 Andromedae is the Flamsteed designation. Its combined apparent visual magnitude is 5.80. Based upon an annual parallax shift of $−0.095$, it is located 341 light years away.

The stellar classification of 45 And is B7 III-IV, matching an evolving subgiant/giant star. It has about 5.2 times the Sun's radius and is radiating 414 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 12,874 K.

This star is most likely single. A companion star was discovered by American astronomer George W. Hough in 1890. As of 2006, the companion was at an angular separation of $−1.5$ along a position angle of 225° from the primary.

title: 45 Andromedae


text:
10 Andromedae

10 Andromedae, abbreviated 10 And, is an astrometric binary star system in the northern constellation of Andromeda. 10 Andromedae is the Flamsteed designation. It has an apparent visual magnitude of approximately 5.81, which means it is faintly visible to the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of $1.512$, it is located 492 light years away. The system is moving toward the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −1.1 km/s.

The visible component is an aging red giant star with a stellar classification of M0 III, which indicates it has consumed the hydrogen at its core and evolved off the main sequence. The measured angular diameter of this star, after correction for limb darkening, is $−1.1$. At the estimated distance of 10 And, this yields a physical size of about 33 times the radius of the Sun. It is radiating 259 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere.

title: 10 Andromedae


text:
6 Andromedae

6 Andromedae is an astrometric binary star system in the northern constellation of Andromeda. The designation comes from the star catalogue of John Flamsteed, first published in 1712. Its apparent visual magnitude is 5.91, which is just bright enough to be visible to the naked eye under good seeing conditions. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 34.1 mas as seen from Earth, it is around 96 light years from the Sun. It is moving closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −32.4 km/s. The system has a relatively high proper motion, advancing across the celestial sphere at the rate of 0.272 arc seconds per annum.

This is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 9.2 years and an eccentricity of 0.3. Some early observations of the star gave it a subgiant luminosity class and it was published in the Bright Star Catalogue as spectral class F5 IV. More modern measurements identify the visible component as an F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F5 V.  The star is an estimated 2.9 billion years old with 1.3 times the mass of the Sun and 1.5 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 3.1 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of around 6,425 K. 6 Andromedae displays an infrared excess at a wavelength of 22 μm, which may indicate a circumstellar disk of warm dusty debris.

The mass of the secondary component is roughly at or above that of the Sun. If it were a single, ordinary star, it should be readily visible as it would be just one magnitude fainter than the primary. The lack of conspicuous ultraviolet emission appears to rule out a white dwarf companion, so it may instead itself be a binary system consisting of two smaller stars having an orbital period between a week and a year.

title: 6 Andromedae


text:
9 Andromedae

9 Andromedae, abbreviated 9 And by convention, is a variable binary star system in the northern constellation Andromeda. 9 Andromedae is the Flamsteed designation, while it bears the variable star designation AN Andromedae, or AN And. The maximum apparent visual magnitude of the system is 5.98, which places it near the lower limit of visibility to the human eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of $0.215$, it is located 460 light years from the Earth.

This system was determined to be a single-lined spectroscopic binary in 1916 by American astronomer W. S. Adams, and the initial orbital elements were computed by Canadian astronomer R. K. Young in 1920. The pair orbit each other with a period of 3.2196 days and an eccentricity of 0.03. It is an eclipsing binary, which means the orbital plane is inclined close to the line of sight and, from the perspective of the Earth, the stars pass in front of each other, causing two partial eclipses every orbit. During the transit of the secondary in front of the primary, the visual magnitude drops to 6.16, while the eclipse of the secondary by the primary lowers the net magnitude to 6.09.

title: 9 Andromedae


text:
39 Andromedae

39 Andromedae, abbreviated 39 And, is a double star in the northern constellation Andromeda. 39 Andromedae is the Flamsteed designation. Its apparent visual magnitude is 5.95, which indicates it is near the lower limit on visibility to the naked eye. The distance to this star, as estimated from its annual parallax shift of $0.161$, is 341 light years. It is a suspected member of the Ursa Major Moving Group, although King et al. (2003) list it as a probable non-member.

The brighter component is a confirmed Am star with a stellar classification of kA3hA7VmA9. This notation indicates its spectrum displays the calcium K line of an A3 star, the hydrogen lines of an A7 V, or A-type main-sequence star, and the metal lines of an A9 star. It is radiating 40 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,073 K. As of 2015, the magnitude 12.48 companion star is located at an angular separation of $3.1$ along a position angle of 3° from the primary.

title: 39 Andromedae


text:
Resource construction set

The resource construction set (GEM RCS) is a GUI builder for GEM applications. It was written by Digital Research.

RCS was widely used on the Atari ST, Atari STe, Atari TT, Atari MEGA ST, Atari MEGA STE and Atari Falcon platforms.

Example
Files of the Atari Development Kit

Resource file
runtime binary

C file
source

Header file
source

title: Resource construction set


text:
59 Andromedae

59 Andromedae, abbreviated 59 And, is a sixth-magnitude binary star system in the northern constellation of Andromeda. 59 Andromedae is the Flamsteed designation. As of 2017, the pair had an angular separation of $−0.054$ along a position angle (PA) of 36°. Compare this to a separation of $0.081$ along a PA of 35°, as measured in 1783. The two stars have an estimated physical separation of $−1.00$.

The magnitude 6.09 primary component is a B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B9 V. It has 2.73 times the Sun's radius and is radiating 84 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 10,870 K. It is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 176 km/s.

The secondary is a magnitude 6.82 A-type main-sequence star with a class of A1 Vn, where the 'n' suffix indicates "nebulous" lines due to rapid rotation. It is spinning with a high projected rotational velocity of 233 km/s. The star has 2.23 times the Sun's mass and 2.59 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 30 times the luminosity of the Sun and has an effective temperature of 9,498 K.

title: 59 Andromedae


text:
26 Andromedae

26 Andromedae, abbreviated 26 And, is a binary star system in the constellation Andromeda. 26 Andromedae is the Flamsteed designation. It has a combined apparent visual magnitude of 6.10, which is near the lower limit of visibility to the naked eye. The distance to this system can be estimated from its annual parallax shift of $−0.074$, which yields a distance of about 600 light years. At that distance, the visual magnitude of the stars is diminished from an extinction of 0.04 due to interstellar dust. The system is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +3.3 km/s.

The magnitude 6.11 primary, component A, is a B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B8 V. The star has 3.54 times the mass of the Sun and 3.76 times the Sun's radius. It is around 95 million years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 18 km/s. 26 And is radiating 219 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 11,939 K. It displays an infrared excess that suggests a circumstellar debris disk orbiting at a distance of $3.54$ from the star with a temperature of 75 K.

The fainter secondary, component B, is a magnitude 9.70 star located $5.35 mas$ from the primary. It is an F-type main-sequence star with a class of F3 V that shows an unexplained long term variability.

One of the components of this system displays a slight photometric variation with a period of 3.16 days. This may be caused by pulsation or an ellipsoidal variation. This system's X-ray emission hasn't been detected yet, with an upper limit of Lx < 29.79 erg/s.

title: 26 Andromedae


text:
66 Andromedae

66 Andromedae is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Andromeda, near the northern border with Perseus. The designation is from the star catalogue of English astronomer John Flamsteed, first published in 1712. It has a combined apparent magnitude of 6.16, which is near the lower limit of stars that are visible to the naked eye under good seeing conditions. An annual parallax shift of $−5.3$ provides a distance estimate of 178 light years. The net radial velocity of the system is poorly constrained, but the pair appear to be moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of around −5 km/s.

The variable velocity of this system was reported by Reynold K. Young from the David Dunlap Observatory in 1945. This is a double-lined spectroscopic binary system with an orbital period of 11 days and an eccentricity of 0.19. The two components are similar stars, each of 7th magnitude, with a combined stellar classification of F4 V, matching that of an F-type main sequence star. The system is around 1.3 billion years old and both stars are spinning slowly with a projected rotational velocity of around 4–5 km/s.

title: 66 Andromedae


text:
Talk:A. J. Pierzynski

What's all this about?
Someone needs to check the NPOV on this. Some of it sounds made-up to me. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.151.243.8 (talk • contribs).

This is a little biased towards anti-AJ. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 69.208.210.162 (talk • contribs).

More Carear info —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 71.155.240.172 (talk • contribs).

 * Ridiculous. The entire article is nothing but a rant about several incidents I have tagged this article, it is in no way neutral as it represents only the controversey this guy has been involved in. The article needs work. IvoShandor 18:39, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

Glad to see this is getting work, I suggest we move the unsourced controversy section the talk page and reduce it here, this article still gives it undue weight.

Examples:
 * In a June 14, 2006 game versus the Texas Rangers, Rangers pitcher Vicente Padilla hit Pierzynski twice in Pierzynski's first two at-bats, both times with fastballs on the first pitch of the count. Both benches were warned after the incident, but no players were punished. Pierzynski received large bruises from the pitches, and had to sit out the next two Sox games because of them.
 * This stuff happens all the time, this isn't controversy.

 * In a series with the Twins the weekend of August 25-26-27, 2006, on two separate occasions after homering, Pierzynski "flipped the bat", instead of just dropping it, in full view of his former teammates' dugout. Flipping the bat is a gesture regarded by ballplayers as "showing up" the other team. Twins radio announcer Dan Gladden commented "That was just A.J. bein' A.J." White Sox TV announcer Ken "The Hawk" Harrelson remarked, somewhat tongue-in-cheek, "If A.J. is on the other team, you hate him; if he's on your team, you hate him a little less!"
 * Same thing here, this is all anecdotal stuff that happens to players all the time, it doesn't add to this section.

Basically, most of this is unsourced and unverified. It should all be moved and condensed here, it can be sourced and then readded. Thoughts? IvoShandor 03:49, 19 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. Though If a source can be found for the second example I think it should be kept as it demonstrates why many players dislike him. Also, how can an article about him not mention the dropped third strike in 2005 or Pierzynski's fight with Michael Barrett last year?

 * This: "It should be noted, however, that the majority of White Sox players voted for Pierzynski as a team joke." should also be removed if a source can't be found.--Toxicroak 04:51, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The question is, is this more than just some trivia about someone. Obviously many players are involved in altercations, while I agree that the Barrett fight may be notable enough for inclusion we have to determine this by consensus, of course. Why is this fight more notable than any other altercation involving any other player, obviously not every fight is listed that every player has been in. Dropped third strike? Which one was that, the playoff thing? Angels? May merit a mention but certainly not a paragraph of description, that would belong somewhere else, an article on the series or something. IMO. IvoShandor 11:51, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

 * In the next couple days I will attempt to rewrite the section with inline citations, condensing it into a couple paragraphs, I will post it here first. IvoShandor 11:57, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

 * If you mention the incident in the playoffs with the Angels, be sure to refer to the rule as "uncaught third strike." "Dropped third strike," although commonly used, is misleading (because people not familiar with the rules think literally it has to be dropped) and does not accurately describe the umpire's decision in the instance having to do with the Angels v White Sox. Justus R 00:53, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

(undent) Been a bit busy of late but yes, that makes perfect sense. I still intend to work on this, feel free to do anything you feel needs done in the meantime and thanks for pointing that out, I probably wouldn't have thought of it. IvoShandor 06:19, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

Doctor P?
Does anyone have a reference for the nickname "Dr. P" for Pierzynski? As a White Sox fan, I've near heard nor seen anyone ever call AJ this. Is this from his time with the Twins or the Giants? Or is this someone's attempt at a neologism? — Linnwood 04:59, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

I, too, wonder about the "Dr. P" reference. A Google search on the terms "Dr. P" and Pierzynski turns up no references outside of this article. I am going to remove it. Justus R 02:20, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Pierzynski and the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
Tried to clarify the application of the uncaught third strike rules. I have added the link to the Official Baseball Rules Rule 6, which includes the rules on the uncaught third strike. In addition, I rewrote some of the narrative to conform to NPOV. I am thinking of adding a reference to the rule change that was made after the 2005 season in response to that particular incident, but I am unsure whether it belongs in this article, which is primarily about Mr. Pierzynski. However, it is not clear that outcome of the play in question would necessarily have been different had the rule change been in place. Justus R 21:28, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Can we clean that section up? References would be great but of course I am too lazy :). Seriously, I will try to help even though I am a football fan :). Cheers! --Tom 16:23, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

 * There was a pretty good description of the incident, after a lot of back and forth editing. However, someone deleted it and I did not object.  It is one of Pierzynski's most famous moments in baseball, so it probably does belong in the article.  I will dig up the best version I've seen and substitute it for the version that is in there now. Justus R 17:10, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I actually remeber the play. I do watch baseball from the playoffs one :). I just hope the new version will just stick to the facts and avoid original research/commentary. Cheers! --Tom 18:16, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I think the new version works - t is NPOV and has citations to the rule and to an interview with the Home Plate Umpire published at MLB.com. Justus R 19:34, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

New sheriff(sp?) in town
Ok, my spelling SUCKS, but it seems that this article could use more sources, especially in the lead paragraph. I added the fact template for now. Thanks in advance and cheers! --Tom 20:07, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I just haven't been able to get to it yet but I will, promise. : ) IvoShandor 09:29, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Why Does Article Keep Getting Removed?

 * I have posted two references to an article about AJ kicking his trainer in the groin after a collision at home plate when the trainer asked AJ how he felt. Why does this keep getting removed? Two independent references of this fact have been presented, but it keeps getting removed. I do not understand. --Anonymous 01:08, 21 Oct 2007 (UTC)
 * I clicked on the one source that was given and nothing came up (other sources on the page worked). --Brewcrewer 03:16, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, your sources are as unreliable as you are. 65.96.23.113 (talk) 15:50, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Also: this past year: one player (Manny), shoved a Red Sox employee to the ground and the story broke the next day. Another player, Shawn Chacon, attacked his GM and the story broke almost immediately. Do you really think these things would be covered up, because the trainer just did not want to hurt the team? That's a load of crap, and Bruce Jenkins knows nothing about Baseball. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.96.23.113 (talk) 16:46, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

Removing "Neutrality Dispute" Tag
There has been no discussin here regarding neutrality since the article had the large edit nearly a year ago. I see no reason to keep the neutrality tag. If anyone disagrees, please speak up. Justus R (talk) 14:50, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

POV - Again
Reverted two edits which changed the wording of the description of the incident with Barrett. The newer wording would have it that Pierzynski's action "caused" Barret to hit him. NPOV would be to describe it something like "Barrett reacted by ...." However, I thought the previous wording was sufficiently clear, descriptive and neutral, so only reverted it. Let me know if you have other thoughts on the matter. Justus R (talk) 12:38, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

needs more
Michael Barrett (baseball) Redwolf24  (talk) 05:46, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

Lefty or righty?
Outside of baseball, does anyone know if he is left-handed or right-handed? Tad Lincoln (talk) 23:45, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: here. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Diannaa (talk) 21:09, 6 February 2014 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 06:23, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:A. J. Pierzynski


text:
Talk:Harrison Ludington

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Talk:Arrestable offence

I'm not sure that this should be merged with Arrest, as someone apparently suggested. I'd suggest putting a link to this article on the Arrest page (under "See Also"), though. Any other opinions? I'll wait a few days and then just change this if nobody objects. Hbackman 02:50, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

The word "arrest" is a generic term applicable worldwide. The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 is UK-based and not necessarily relevant. It can be mentioned in context. Patrickcorliss 11:56, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

Impending withdrawal
As of 1 January 2006 the term ceases to have any meaning as all offences become arrestable. I suppose this page will then just be a historical description of the term that was in use 1984 to 2005. Sapient 15:29, 6 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I've updated it accordingly now that the term is no longer in use. Sapient 16:57, 1 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I've added an update explaining what could cause arrest now under PACE 82.34.67.156 (talk) 18:47, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

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Talk:William E. Smith (politician)

Bot-created subpage
A temporary subpage at User:Polbot/fjc/William E. Smith was automatically created by a perl script, based on this article at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. The subpage should either be merged into this article, or moved and disambiguated. Polbot (talk) 21:13, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:William E. Smith (politician)


text: User talk:69.44.152.166

title: User talk:69.44.152.166


text:
99 Aquarii

99 Aquarii (abbreviated 99 Aqr) is a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 99 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation, although it also bears the Bayer designation b2 Aquarii. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.38; according to the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale this is bright enough to be seen even from city skies under ideal viewing conditions. Based upon parallax measurements, the distance to this star is around 283 ly.

This is a giant star with a stellar classification of K4 III. It is a suspected variable star that apparently ranges in magnitude between 4.35 and 4.45. The measured angular diameter of this star is 3.55 ± 0.21 mas. At the estimated distance of Delta Ophiuchi, this yields a physical size of about 33 times the radius of the Sun. The outer atmosphere has an effective temperature of 3980 K, giving it the orange-hued glow of a cool, K-type star.

This star was a candidate member of the Ursa Major Moving Group based on the work of American astronomer Nancy Roman, but this membership is now in question.

title: 99 Aquarii


text: Talk:William H. Upham

title: Talk:William H. Upham


text:
3 Aquarii

3 Aquarii (abbreviated 3 Aqr) is a variable star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 3 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation; it also bears the Bayer designation k Aquarii and the variable star designation EN Aquarii. With a mean apparent visual magnitude of 4.429, it is visible to the naked eye in dark skies. It has an annual parallax shift of 5.57 milliarcseconds with a 5% margin of error, which translates to a physical distance of around 590 ly from Earth.

With a stellar classification of M3 III, this is a red giant star that has exhausted the hydrogen at its core and evolved away from the main sequence of stars like the Sun. The measured angular diameter of this star, after correction for limb darkening, is $117.59$. At the estimated distance of 3 Aquarii, this yields a physical size of about 108 times the radius of the Sun. The effective temperature of the outer atmosphere is $1,771$, giving this star the cool, reddish hue of an M-type star.

The apparent magnitude of 3 Aquarii varies by up to 0.06 magnitudes, which was first noted in the 1960s. It was formally listed as a variable star in 1973, and given the variable star designation EN Aquarii. It is classified as an irregular variable, although detailed analysis shows multiple possible periods.

title: 3 Aquarii


text:
86 Aquarii

86 Aquarii (abbreviated 86 Aqr) is a binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 86 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation, though it also bears the Bayer designation c1 Aquarii. It is faint but visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.47. Based upon parallax measurements, the distance to this star is about 220 ly.

The two components of this system have an angular separation of 0.25 arcseconds. The brighter component is a giant star with a spectral classification of G8 III and an apparent magnitude of 4.79. The effective temperature of its outer atmosphere is 4,900 K, giving it the yellowish glow of a G-type star. The fainter component is a star of magnitude 6.77.

title: 86 Aquarii


text:
Talk:Sabri Jiryis

about the 1969-1970 events
What is related here is based on the political autobiography by the Swedish/(Israeli) author Göran Rosenberg: The lost Country: Israel; a personal history. 1996. Chapter 12: "The land under the stones". Professor Rosenberg translated "The Arabs in Israel" into Swedish in 1970. He visited Sabri Jiryis in Haifa in January, 1970. Huldra 05:43, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Defence (Emergency) Regulations
There should perhaps be an article about this? From Rosenberg:

The Defence (Emergency) Regulations, also named Defense Laws, were established by the British Mandate in 1945, mainly with the goal of fighting the Jewish extremist groups at the time. Yaákov Shimshon Shapira, later Israeli minister of Justice, stated at the time that "the system that was established with the Defence (Emergency) Regulations does not have its equal in any sivilized world. Not even Nazi-Germany has anything similar.."

The Defense Laws of the British Mandate were taken over by she state of Israel in 1948, and was renewed annually until 1972.

Using this as a legal base, the government created three areas or zones to be ruled by the Ministry of Defense:
 * the Northern Area, also known as the Galilee Area, the locale of about twothirds of the Arab population.
 * the socalled Little Triangle, located between the villages of Et Tira and Et Taiyiba near the border with Jordan (then Transjordan), officially known as the Central District.
 * a major part of the Negev Desert, a region traversed by the nomadic beduins.

Article 125 of the Defense (Emergency) Regulations empowered military governors to declare any specified area "offlimits " to those having no written authorization. The area was then declared a security zone and thus closed to Israeli Arabs who lacked written permission either from the army chief of staff or the minister of defense. Under these provisions, 93 out of 104 Arab villages in Israel were constituted as closed areas out of which no one could move without a military permit.

Emergency Regulations (Cultivation of Waste Lands) Ordinance: used to transfer to Jewish settlements land in the security zones that was lying fallow because the owner of the land  was not allowed to enter the zone as a result of the above national security legislation.

Military Government ended in 1966.

See also: Fouzi El-Asmar: To Be An Arab in Israel (London: 1975),

Huldra 06:08, 15 October 2005 (UTC), Huldra 15:07, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I have read, and heard it said, that the regulations were officially abrogated both by the British before leaving and by the Jordanians, in respect of the West Bank - and that their application by Israel is therefore without legal foundation - I'll see if I can find a source (it'll have to be an internet source) for this. Palmiro | Talk 17:12, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

(+ inf. about 1982+1983)
The information given here is taken from: "Prisoners of Israel" by: Edward Dillon, August - September 1983 The Link - Volume 16, Issue 3 AMEU - Huldra 13:41, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sabri Jiryis


text:
File:Vasilchikov Diaries.jpg

Summary
Cover of "Berlin Diaries 1940-1945" by Marie Vassiltchikov

title: File:Vasilchikov Diaries.jpg


text:
66 Aquarii

66 Aquarii is a single star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 66 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation though the star also bears the Bayer designation of g1 Aquarii. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.673. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 7.53 milliarcseconds, the distance to this star is about 430 ly.

This is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K3 III. It has expanded to 37 times the radius of the Sun and is radiating 434 times the luminosity of the Sun from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 4,170 K. This gives it the orange-hued glow of a K-type star. It is a suspected variable star that ranges in magnitude between 4.66 and 4.71.

title: 66 Aquarii


text:
101 Aquarii

101 Aquarii (abbreviated 101 Aqr) is a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 101 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation, although it also bears the Bayer designation b3 Aquarii. The combined apparent visual magnitude of the pair is 4.71, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye from the suburbs. The distance of this star from Earth is estimated as 290 ly based upon parallax measurements.

The brighter member of this system has an apparent magnitude of 4.81. It is an A-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of A0 V. This star is spinning rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 1 km/s. The fainter companion is a magnitude 7.43 star at an angular separation of 0.840 arcseconds.

title: 101 Aquarii


text:
89 Aquarii

89 Aquarii (abbreviated 89 Aqr) is a binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 89 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation, though it also bears the Bayer designation c3 Aquarii. The apparent visual magnitude of +4.69 is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. Its distance from Earth is roughly 500 ly, based upon parallax measurements with an 11% margin of error.

The primary component of this system has a magnitude of 5.27 and a stellar classification of G3 II, which suggests this is an evolved star in the bright giant stage. The companion is an A-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of A2 V. As of 2010, it is located at an angular separation of 0.1843 arcseconds along a position angle of 135.1°. They orbit each other with an estimated period of 201 years and a semimajor axis of 0.45 arcseconds.

title: 89 Aquarii


text:
Talk:Myanmar kyat

Etymology
What is the origin and meaning of the word kyat? Timur lenk 16:20, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

Myanma?
Is there a reason it is Myanma? Otherwise, I'll move it to Myanmar kyat. –- kungming·  2   —Preceding comment was added at 03:05, 2 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I suppose the English name should be Myanmar Kyat rather than Myanma. Moving sounds reasonable to me. --RegentsPark 03:32, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, there is a reason — Myanma is the correct adjectival form of Myanmar. See Names of Burma. Jpatokal 03:35, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

 * The page was unilaterally moved to "Myanmar Kyat", which is doubly wrong -- not only is "Myanma" the correct adjective as per above, but currency units are not capitalized (cf. WikiProject Numismatics/Style). I've reverted the move. Jpatokal (talk) 02:44, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was not done. Reviewing this and past discussions regarding this move, I do not see consensus in favour. Feel free to relist if further discussion is desired. Skomorokh  08:05, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

Myanma kyat → Myanmar kyat — Per WP:NUMIS/Style: "If there is no adjectival form listed, use the shortened form of the country name". "Myanma" is not an accepted adjectival form for Myanmar according to m-w.com or dictionary.com. --armagebedar (talk) 01:36, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Those who are unable to read the Talk page are doomed to repeat it → see above and particularly Names of Burma. Jpatokal (talk) 11:18, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Move, but to Burmese kyat, since Wikipedia calls the country Burma, not Myanmar, and the adjective of Burma is Burmese. +Angr 14:18, 12 December 2009 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

In the past

 * 16 Annas = 1 Rupee
 * 100 Pyas = 1 Kyat (Tical) Böri (talk) 11:52, 15 February 2012 (UTC)

Pronunciation
The pronunciation is wrong - in Myanmar, the k is pronounce as English "ch". For instance, the Merriam-Webster online English dictionary shows it as \ˈchät\

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 * 1000kyat New.jpg
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wqsw 65.18.126.129 (talk) 14:02, 5 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Myanmar kyat


text:
104 Aquarii

104 Aquarii (abbreviated 104 Aqr) is a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 104 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation, although it also bears the Bayer designation A2 Aquarii. Based on an annual parallax shift of only 3.89 ± 0.25 milliarcseconds, the distance to this star is about 840 ly. At that range, the brightness of the star in the V-band is reduced by 0.10 magnitudes as a result of extinction caused by intervening gas and dust.

This is a double star and possible binary system. The primary component has a stellar classification of G2 Ib/II, which places it on the borderline between the bright giant and lower luminosity supergiant stars. It has passed the first dredge-up and may be undergoing Cepheid-like pulsations. With more than four times the mass of the Sun, this is an evolved star that has reached its current stage after only 135 million years. It has expanded to around 51–88 times the Sun's radius and is radiating 447–fold the luminosity of the Sun. This energy is being emitted from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 5,478 K, giving it the golden-hued glow of a G-type star. It is a suspected variable star.

The companion is a magnitude 7.9 star with an angular separation of 120.1 arcseconds from the primary.

title: 104 Aquarii


text:
Censorship in the Empire of Japan

Censorship (検閲) in the Empire of Japan was a continuation of a long tradition beginning in the feudal period of Japan. Government censorship of the press existed in Japan during the Edo period, as the Tokugawa bakufu was in many ways a police state, which sought to control the spread of information, including Christianity, the influx of Western ideas, pornography and any political writings critical of the shōgun and government.

Meiji Period (1868–1912)
Episodes of newspaper suppression and imprisonment of editors occurred in 1868, 1876 and 1887. Freedom of speech and the press was heavily restricted through vaguely worded laws.

With the Meiji Restoration, the focus of state censorship of information shifted to protection of the Emperor and the fledgling Meiji government. Ideals of liberal democracy were considered dangerously subversive, and were targeted with the Publication Ordinance of 1869 (出版条例), which banned certain subjects (including pornography), and subjected publications to pre-publication review and approvals. Initially intended to serve as a copyright law, it was quickly adopted as a method of controlling public anti-government criticism.

With the establishment of the cabinet system of government, the Home Ministry was assigned this task, and issued a variety of regulations aimed specifically at newspapers. The growth of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement caused a reaction by conservative elements within the government to pass strict libel laws in 1875, and also a draconian Press Ordinance of 1875 (新聞紙条例) that was so severe that it was labeled the “newspaper abolition law” as it empowered the Home Minister to ban or shut down offending newspapers which the government deemed offensive to public order or state security. The ordinance was further strengthened in revisions of 1887, which extended penalties to authors as well as publishers, and also restricted the import of foreign language newspapers with objectionable material.

During the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895, and the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, the Army Ministry also imposed separate censorship restrictions in time of war.

The censorship laws were revised again in the Publication Law of 1893 (出版法), which remained virtually unchanged until 1949. Newspaper regulations followed suit in the Press Law of 1909 (新聞紙条例), which followed the regulations of the 1893 Publication Law and detailed punishments for offenses.

Taishō period (1912–1926)
Although the Taishō period is stereotyped as one of liberal politics, it was also a period of great social upheaval, and the government became increasingly heavy-handed in its attempts to control the spread of new political philosophies deemed dangerous to the government: especially socialism, communism, and anarchism. After the end of World War I, the Peace Preservation Law of 1925 increased police powers to prosecute promoters of socialism and of the Korean independence movement. Censorship restrictions were also expanded to cover religious groups. In 1928, the death penalty was added for certain violations, and the Special Higher Police Force (Tokkō) was created to deal with ideological offenses (i.e. thought crimes) on a national basis.

Early Shōwa Period (1926–1945)
In 1924, the Publications Monitoring Department of the Home Ministry was created with separate sections for censorship, investigation and general affairs. With the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Home Ministry, Army Ministry, Navy Ministry and Ministry of Foreign Affairs all held regular meetings with publishers to provide advice on how to follow the ever-stringent regulations. Penalties for violations increased in severity, and voice recordings (including radio broadcasts) also came under official purview.

In 1936, an Information and Propaganda Committee was created within the Home Ministry, which issued all official press statements, and which worked together with the Publications Monitoring Department on censorship issues. The activities of this committee, a consortium of military, politicians and professionals upgraded to a Cabinet Information Division (内閣情報部) in September 1937, were proscriptive as well as prescriptive. Besides applying censorship to all medias of the Shōwa regime and issuing detailed guidelines to publishers, it made suggestions that were all but commands. From 1938, print media "would come to realize that their survival depended upon taking cues from the Cabinet Information Bureau and its flagship publication, Shashin shūhō, designers of the 'look' of the soldier, and the 'look' of the war"''. ''

Article 12 of the censorship guideline for newspapers issued in September 1937 stated that any news article or photograph "unfavorable" to the Imperial Army was subject to a gag. Article 14 prohibited any "photographs of atrocities" but endorsed reports about the "cruelty of the Chinese" soldiers and civilians.

Giving the example of the Nanjing massacre, Tokushi Kasahara of Tsuru University asserts, "Some deniers argue that Nanjing was much more peaceful than we generally think. They always show some photographs with Nanjing refugees selling some food in the streets or Chinese people smiling in the camps. They are forgetting about Japanese propaganda. The Imperial Army imposed strict censorship. Any photographs with dead bodies couldn't get through. So photographers had to remove all the bodies before taking pictures of streets and buildings in the city ... Even if the photos were not staged, the refugees had no choice but to fawn on the Japanese soldiers. Acting otherwise meant their deaths ..."

One of the most famous examples of censorship is related to Mugi to heitai (Wheat and soldiers), Ashihei Hino's wartime bestseller. A paragraph in which the author described the beheading of three Chinese soldiers was cut from the final section of the book despite the author's dedication to the war effort.

In 1940, the Information Department (情報部) was elevated to the Information Bureau (情報局), which consolidated the previously separate information departments from the Army, Navy and Foreign Ministry under the aegis of the Home Ministry. The new Jōhōkyoku had complete control over all news, advertising and public events. It was headed by a president (sōsai) responsible directly to the Prime minister with a staff of about 600 people including military officers and officials from the Home and Foreign ministries. In February 1941 it distributed among editors a black list of writers whose articles they were advised not to print anymore.

The officials spokesmen of the Naikaku Johōkyoku, such as the vice-president Hideo Okumura, Major-General Nakao Nahagi and Captain Hideo Hiraide, became themselves the most popular commentators. These men addressed press conferences, spoke on the radio and wrote in newspapers.

The Naikaku Johōkyoku however dealt only with civilian matters. War bulletins were the domain of the Daihonei hōdōbu, the Press Department of the Imperial General Headquarters which was made up of the press sections of the Army and the Navy. The Daihonei hōdōbu deployed its own war correspondents and occasionally drafted civilian reporters for coverage.

The 1941 revision of the National Mobilization Law (国家総動員法) eliminated freedom of the press completely. All mail was also subject to scrutiny. In February 1942, all newspapers were ordered to merge, or to cease publication. The Japan Publishers League (日本新聞連盟 '), reorganized in the Japan Publishers Association (日本新聞会 ') agreed to cooperate with the government by conducting internal monitoring of its members by a self-screening of drafts, manuscripts and proofs before final submission to the official government censors. As the war situation deteriorated, the government took over the distribution of paper, releasing supplies only for matter related to official policy. By 1944, only 34 magazines were left in publication, and by 1945, only one newspaper was permitted per prefecture.

Occupation of Japan
After the surrender of Japan in 1945, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers abolished all forms of censorship and controls on freedom of speech, which was also integrated into Article 21 of the 1947 Constitution of Japan. However, press censorship remained a reality in the post-war era, especially in matters of pornography, and in political matters deemed subversive by the American government during the occupation of Japan.

According to David M. Rosenfeld:

"Not only did Occupation censorship forbid criticism of the United States or other Allied nations, but the mention of censorship itself was forbidden. This means, as Donald Keene observes, that for some producers of texts 'the Occupation censorship was even more exasperating than Japanese military censorship had been because it insisted that all traces of censorship be concealed. This meant that articles had to be rewritten in full, rather than merely submitting XXs for the offending phrases.'"

title: Censorship in the Empire of Japan


text:
25 Aquarii

25 Aquarii (abbreviated 25 Aqr) is a single star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 25 Aquarii is the modern Flamsteed designation; in the past it held the designation 6 Pegasi. It also bears the Bayer designation of d Aquarii. It is located near the border with the modern Pegasus constellation. Although faint at an apparent visual magnitude of +5.09, it is bright enough to be viewed from suburban skies. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 0.01440 arcseconds, it is located at a distance of around 226 ly from Earth. The visual magnitude of the star is diminished by 0.09 from extinction caused by intervening gas and dust.

The spectrum of this star matches a stellar classification of K0 III, with the luminosity class of III indicating that this is a giant star that has evolved away from the main sequence after exhausting the supply of hydrogen at its core. It belongs to a population known as clump giants and hence is generating energy through the nuclear fusion of helium at the core. The outer envelope has expanded to 11 times the radius of the Sun and it is radiating 54 times the Sun's luminosity. This energy is being emitted from the stellar atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,721 K, causing it to glow with the orange hue of a K-type star.

title: 25 Aquarii


text:
Talk:Doug Eddings

Untitled
A better image would probably be that of Eddings making the out motion, can anyone find that? zellin 02:53, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Changes
I changed "He came to public attention with a controversial call that allowed the Chicago White Sox to win a 2005 American League Championship Series game over the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim." to "He came to public attention with a controversial call during Game 2 of the 2005 American League Championship Series between the Chicago White Sox and the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim."

At the point in which the call was made, the game was tied. The Angels could have ended the inning by getting Pablo Ozuna out when he stole second base, or could have struck out Joe Crede at the plate. Even then there was no guarantee that the Angels would have scored in the 10th and won the game. — Linnwood 06:46, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Yeah, true. Good catch.--Mike Selinker 15:04, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

I added context about the 2005 incident to show that it was not an average missed call. The article written was written by an avid White Sox fan, the team that benefitted from the call. Thoughts? cls98 8 September 2018 —Preceding undated comment added 03:31, 9 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Obviously I am one of the editors against it. We already mention this one game much more predominantly than any other game he has umpired and to add hyperbolic commentary from one individual is a step too far. If anything the rest needs to be reduced. There are uncited claims and what appears to be individual interpretation of the call. Also you need consensus to add negative information to a BKP, not to remove it. Especially if you are the only one adding it and it was nmot in the article previously. AIRcorn (talk) 18:23, 9 September 2018 (UTC)

Even the talk page here shows that there have been multiple attempts to add more info to this page regarding incidents. However, each time an incident is brought up, it appears a few gatekeepers rush to sweep it under the rug. This does not appear to be in the best interest of maintaining accurate information. If people with far more expertise in the field of baseball than us feel the need to critique Doug Eddings for being a poor umpire, it is not for us to withhold that information from people, especially if it is the majority opinion of commentators on the subject. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cls98 (talk • contribs) 19:41, 9 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Remove the content you added. You cannot possibly believe that Ben Shapiro is an expert on baseball. If you do, you should not be editing Wikipedia. Actually, you should not be editing Wikipedia anyway because of your anti-umpire agenda, which will not be tolerated. Lepricavark (talk) 20:55, 9 September 2018 (UTC)

"Doug Eddinges is a Douche"
I've removed this link again.
 * 1) It is not NPOV
 * 2) It is is a link to some guy's random weblog that is devoted to an event that has passed

— Linnwood 05:46, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * This is the best collection of questionable calls by Mr. Eddings. If you can point to a more definitive site where all opinions about the infamous 2005 ALCS call as well as his previous calls then I'll stop linking it in.

 * This site is the number five result when searched on in Google and the number one result in MSN. It  certainly has a point of view but so does Firedoug.com.  Please link in any site that praise Mr. Eddings, but why shy away from fair, yet strident criticism.

 * I would also add that someone who is a Chicago partisan should be making this call. It would be like someone allowing a team to have an extra shot at a third out in the bottom of the ninth.

 * How about someone who is not a newly minted wikipedian make this call? The site is NPOV in its title and not appropriate for the site. Your own bitterness about issue is blinding you. — Linnwood 06:52, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * FYI: Wikipedia etiquette dictated that you sign your posts.

Wikipedia was designed from the ground up to prevent gatekeepers and those that know better from holding back information. So just because you've been contributing longer and know the secret handshakes doesn't mean you're anymore informed or less biased than myself.

And nowhere in the reading of the NPOV materials here does it state that an external link has to also follow the NPOV guidelines. The site in question certainly is biased. But when literally dozens of news articles showing questionable calls over the last 5 years of Mr. Eddings career there aren't many positive conclusions to be drawn.

The only reason there is a Doug Eddings page here is because of a spectacularly controversial call.

http://DougEddingsIsADouche.blogspot.com shows that this is not an isolated incident. It has also been linked by a major sports site and several discussions of the call. It is a snapshot of reaction to Mr. Eddings, that call in particular and a larger question of his general abilities.

NPOV

--Digitalfilmmaker 08:59, 19 October 2005 (UTC)Digitalfilmmaker

There's been enough battling over the anti-Eddings blog, in my opinion. When I created the Eddings page, I did so specifically because of his controversial (and wrong [and I'm a White Sox fan]) call. So a site that attempts to analyze Eddings' calls, no matter how hamfistedly or NPOV-edly, seems at least moderately relevant to me. I suggest leaving it on the page, and ending the argument over one external link. At the very least, Linnwood, please stop reverting it and leave it up there for a while to see if anyone else has a problem with it. Thanks. -- Mike Selinker 14:13, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

August 24, 2008 Obstruction Call
It seems to me that one call, in one regular season game in August is not significant at a level to be included in an encyclopedia. Umpires make many calls over the course of a game, and many that the team on the disadvantaged end of the call would disagree with. While I do agree that the third strike call on Pierzynski in the 2006 ALCS is worthy of mention, the obstruction call from Aug. 24, 2008 is clearly not.

I propose deleting the section on the August 24, 2008 obstruction call.

What is the consensus? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Justus R (talk • contribs) 20:34, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

 * No discussion for over a month. I am going to delete this section.  Discuss here if you disagree. Justus R (talk) 03:11, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Disagree with the removal of the Aug 24 2008 obstruction call. It indeed was significant, as it was a turning point in a late-season game between the White Sox and Rays, a game ultimately won by the White Sox, who went on to play a one game playoff for entry to the playoffs. Without the obstruction call, agreed by nearly all to be in error, the outcome of that Aug 24 game would have been in question, and without that victory, the winner of the Division would instead have been the Minnesota Twins. Was the reference to this game removed for space constraints? It appeared to have been reasonably well written and reasonably free of bias. It was clearly not an insignificant call. It takes on further significance because the benefitting party was, once again, AJ Pierzynski. Even if the game didn't have playoff implications, the mere fact that Pierzynski was involved yet again makes the call extremely relevent.

I propose reinserting the deleted section in its original form. The fact that there was no discussion of its removal for "over a month" is likely because there was no reason to "check back in" to ensure this clearly appropriate entry was still in tact. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.97.154.232 (talk) 05:40, 22 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Is this ChristianMan16 (talk)?

Justus R (talk) 21:56, 22 November 2008 (UTC)

I have no idea who ChristianMan16 is. What does this other ex-contributor have to do with the validity (or lack thereof) of the Doug Eddings entry in question? Again, why should the obstruction entry be deleted when it very directly affected the AL Central race in 2008? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.78.119.246 (talk) 16:09, 25 November 2008 (UTC)

Still no reply to the above? If this entry remains deleted, someone out there owes a coherent argument as to why. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.169.137.247 (talk) 20:46, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

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Editorial commentary
Regarding [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doug_Eddings&diff=858814343&oldid=858791100&diffmode=source this edit]: with respect to how Eddings throws the ball to the pitcher, there is no source confirming that he is known for this. Regarding his throwing the ball wildly, I think lots of umpires are guilty of this at one time or another. I don't see much point in underscoring it in this biography. With respect to screwups: it's tricky because the source is a standard sports journalism listicle. It's a single person's opinion and designed to get hits. That being said, there's never going to be a definitive list of worst umpiring errors. But on the third hand, I don't think it's important to rank the error against others. It should be enough to make note of it and its importance to the game and series. Readers are capable of judging its severity for themselves. Thus I suggest removing the reference to this being one of the worst umpiring mistakes. (Also it would be helpful if some more context was given regarding why there was no out call, such as the information in the Bleacher Report article, though I would prefer that it be sourced to reports written at the time.) isaacl (talk) 02:26, 10 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Doug Eddings


text:
47 Aquarii

47 Aquarii, abbreviated 47 Aqr, is a star in the zodiac constellation of Aquarius. 47 Aquarii is its Flamsteed designation. It is a faint star but visible to the naked eye in good seeing conditions, having an apparent visual magnitude of 5.135. Based upon an annual parallax shift of $−0.18$, it is located 181 light years away. At that distance, the visual magnitude of the star is diminished by an extinction of 0.088 due to interstellar dust. It is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +48 km/s.

This is an evolved giant star currently on the red giant branch with a stellar classification of K0 III. The star has 1.35 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 7.86 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 30 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,750 K.

title: 47 Aquarii


text:
Battle of Santa Cruz (1899)

This Battle of Santa Cruz was fought in the early stages of the Philippine–American War during General Henry W. Lawton's Laguna de Bay campaign.

Background
After defeating the Filipino nationalists at the second battle of Manila, General Elwell S. Otis, commander of the US VIII Corps, sent the 1st Division under Arthur MacArthur to the north to threaten the Filipino capitol at Malolos. At the same time, the 2nd Division under Henry W. Lawton was sent south into the Laguna province, to the Filipino stronghold located in the town of Santa Cruz.

Landings
On April 8, 1899, Lawton's division boarded a small fleet of cascos escorted by the gunboats Laguna de Bay, Oeste and Napindan, on the Pasig River east of Manila and sailed towards Laguna de Bay. The flotilla did not reach the opposite shore of the lake until early afternoon the next day, because the pilots were unfamiliar with the river and frequently grounded the boats. At 10:30 a.m. on April 9, landing craft began offloading Lawton's troops south of the stronghold of Santa Cruz. Ashore in the afternoon of April 9, the troops set out for Santa Cruz in a long skirmish line, advancing through driving rain. At 5:45 p.m., the right flank, consisting of the 1st Idaho and 14th Infantry, encountered a defense complex of entrenchments and bamboo obstructions, through which they advanced slowly against resistance, until darkness fell, when the troops camped in the fields.

Advance on Santa Cruz
Early on April 10, Lawton personally went ashore with the 4th Cavalry north of town. They advanced along the main road leading into the town. Early on, Lawton ordered the telegraph lines be cut, severing the Filipinos' communication with Emilio Aguinaldo up north. The Americans met light resistance from the Filipinos until their approach to a bridge outside of town, which was heavily guarded by Filipinos under the command of General Juan Cailles. The 14th US Regular Infantry Regiment, 1st Idaho, and 1st Washington volunteers charged the bridge and managed to rout the Filipinos.

At the same time, dismounted Troops C and L of the 4th US Cavalry Regiment began to land under fire on a beach just north of town. The 4th Cavalry was supported by fire from Laguna de Bay, Oeste, and Napindan and managed to secure a foothold on the beach. That same day, Lawton took control of Santa Cruz as Cailles and his units withdrew to Pagsanjan.

While Gen. Lawton consolidated his forces in Santa Cruz, he planned to push on to Pagsanjan where he figured the Filipinos had retreated. After capturing Pagsanjan on April 11, he again defeated the Filipinos in a stiff engagement at the Battle of Paete.

Withdrawal
On April 16, Lawton's forces reboarded their transport ships to return to Manila, noticing enemy soldiers entering the town as they left.

Results and aftermath
Overall, the results of the Santa Cruz expedition amounted to the capture of six launches and the deaths of some 125 Filipino soldiers. After the expedition, Aguinaldo ordered forces at Cavite, Batangas, and Laguna to concentrate at Muntinlupa, tying up manpower south of Manila which might otherwise have gone north. The expedition demonstrated that towns on Laguna de Bay were vulnerable to raiders, forcing local officials to keep their military forces close to home in case of defensive need.

title: Battle of Santa Cruz (1899)


text:
1 Aquarii

1 Aquarii is a binary star system in the zodiac constellation of Aquarius, about 263 light years away from the Sun. 1 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.151, located a degree north of the celestial equator. The system is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −41 km/s.

Systematic observation for determining the orbit of this system began in 2002, some eighty years following the first radial velocity measurements. It is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 1966.7 days and an eccentricity of 0.368. The visible component is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of K1III. At the age of 1.26 billion years old it is a red clump giant, which indicates it is on the horizontal branch and is generating energy through helium fusion at its core. The star has 1.5 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 11 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 53.7 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,715 K.

The mass of the companion appears small, suggesting a red dwarf no higher than class M5. In addition to the spectroscopic companion there are two faint optical companions that have no physical relation to 1 Aqr.

Etymology
1 Aquarii was known to the ancients as al-sa'd al-malik, or "the lucky star of the king." Interpreting the unexpressed Arabic vowels, al-sa'd al-mulk, gives an alternate translation of "the lucky star of the kingdom." In English, the name is Sadalmelik (or Sadalmelek), although rarely used today.

title: 1 Aquarii


text:
108 Aquarii

108 Aquarii (abbreviated 108 Aqr) is a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 108 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation, although it also bears the Bayer designation i3 Aquarii and the variable star designation ET Aquarii. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.194 and can be seen with the naked eye under suitably dark skies. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 10.23 (with a 3% margin of error), the distance to this star is 319 ly.

This is an Ap star; meaning it has a peculiar spectrum that shows an overabundance of certain elements. It has more than three times the mass of the Sun and is 2.5 times the Sun's radius. 108 Aquarii is radiating 132 times the luminosity of the Sun from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 12,274 K. At this heat, the star has the white hue of an A-type star.

title: 108 Aquarii


text:
97 Aquarii

97 Aquarii (abbreviated 97 Aqr) is a binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 97 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation. The combined apparent visual magnitude of the system is 5.20; the brighter star is magnitude 5.59 while the companion is magnitude 6.72. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 15.30 milliarcseconds, this system is at a distance of around 210 ly from Earth.

The two stars in this system orbit each other over a period of 64.62 years at an eccentricity of 0.14. Both are A-type main sequence stars; the primary has a stellar classification of A2 V while its companion is A7 V. Their composite spectrum shows the properties of a Lambda Boötis star, which means it displays peculiar abundances of certain elements.

title: 97 Aquarii


text:
Chabot College

Chabot College (Chabot or CC; ) is a public community college in Hayward, California. It is part of the Chabot-Las Positas Community College District.

History
Chabot College was the first college opened by the Chabot-Las Positas Community College District. The formation of a "junior college district" was approved by the voters on January 10, 1961, and the first board of trustees elected on April 18, 1961. Chabot College opened for classes on September 11, 1961, on a 7.5 acre temporary site in San Leandro with an enrollment of 1,163 students. The 94 acre Chabot College site on Hesperian Boulevard in Hayward opened for its first day of classes on September 20, 1965.

The college primarily serves residents of Alameda County in the East Bay area (generally the suburban region south of Oakland), including the district communities of Hayward, Castro Valley, San Leandro, San Lorenzo and Union City.

The school is named for noted Bay Area entrepreneur Anthony Chabot.

Organization and administration
In 2023, Jamal A. Cooks became president of the college.

Academic profile
Chabot offers a curriculum of over 175 majors of study, awarding more than 100 associate degrees and certificates. Chabot is on a semester system.

The college features six academic divisions: Applied Technology and Business, Language Arts, Math and Sciences, Physical Education and Health, the College of the Arts, and Social Sciences. The Business program offers degrees in business, Accounting, Retail Management, Business Management, Marketing and certificates in various areas, including Accounting, Health Care Management, Human Resources Assistant, Entrepreneurship, Real Estate, Marketing, Retailing, Management, etc.

Accreditation
Chabot College is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges. Specific programs are accredited by the Council on Dental Education, American Dental Association, the Committee on Allied Health Education and Accreditation in collaboration with the American Hospital Health Information, Management Association, and the America Medical Assisting Association. The program in nursing is accredited by the California Board of Registered Nursing. The college is approved by the California State Department of Education and is a member of the American Association of Community and Junior Colleges and the Community College League of California. Chabot College is an accredited institutional member of the National Association of Schools of Art and Design.

Educational paths
Chabot provides the following academic pathways:
 * Technical and career-vocational education programs
 * Transfer education programs to four-year universities
 * General education
 * Basic skills instruction
 * English as a second language programs
 * Community and continuing Education programs
 * Radio & Television Broadcasting

Radio station KCRH
KCRH is an 18 watt radio station operated by the mass communications class at Chabot.

Television station KCTH 27
Chabot College's Television Studio was established when the college first opened in 1964. It was the first West Coast College Television Station with 5 On Campus Channels that allowed instructors to receive 5 independent cable TV feeds of programming from the studio. Lately, it became the Community Media Center for the East bay by taking over Public-access television channels from Comcast due to the DIVCA (Digital Infrastructure Video Communications Act). Which makes the Studio available to the communities as well as for Educational-access television use. Local business and Individuals can now use the Leased access High Definition Studios, with access to over 100,000 viewers and on line streaming as well as AT&T-U-viewers. Currently the Station runs KCTH 27 the Educational-access television channel, KCMC 28 and 29, also Channel 99 under Hayward on AT&T U-verse. It is growing in programming and equipment.

Athletics
Chabot College has 16 intercollegiate sports.

In 1987 the Chabot College ultimate disc team won the intercollegiate national championship.

The Bay Area Ambassadors soccer team has played at the Gladiator Stadium from 2009 to 2012.

Notable alumni

 * Jeff Barnes, former NFL player
 * Cliff Burton, bassist for the heavy metal band Metallica
 * Lester Conner, basketball coach
 * Stephanie Chandler, entrepreneur and author
 * Mark Davis, Major League Baseball pitcher
 * Tim Davis, football player
 * Tamara De Treaux, actress who played E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
 * Ed Galigher, defensive lineman for the NFL's San Francisco 49ers and New York Jets
 * Chris Geile, offensive lineman for the NFL's Detroit Lions
 * Tom Hanks, Academy Award-winning actor
 * Bruce Henderson, journalist and author
 * Robert Jenkins, former NFL player
 * Stevie Johnson, wide receiver for the NFL's San Francisco 49ers
 * Von Joshua, Major League Baseball outfielder
 * Eric Lane, former NFL player
 * Darren Lewis, Major League Baseball outfielder
 * Lorenzo Lynch, former NFL player
 * Bip Roberts, All-Star Major League Baseball second baseman
 * Brandon Kolb, Major League Baseball pitcher
 * Aaron Ledesma, Major League Baseball infielder
 * Mike McRae, Olympic long jumper
 * Doug Padilla, Olympic distance runner
 * Carl Potts, comic book artist
 * Rick Rodriguez, Major League Baseball pitcher
 * Nate Schierholtz, outfielder with the Chicago Cubs major league baseball team
 * Cal Stevenson (born 1996), baseball outfielder for the San Francisco Giants
 * Junior Tautalatasi, former NFL player
 * Adrian Ward, former NFL player
 * Lyle West, former NFL football player with NY Giants, played in Super Bowl XXXV
 * Ned Yost, former Milwaukee Brewers and current Kansas City Royals manager
 * Mike Young, Major League Baseball outfielder

Faculty

 * Marshall Drummond, business professor
 * Helen Feyler-Switz, art instructor
 * S. Floyd Mori, economics professor

title: Chabot College


text:
94 Aquarii

94 Aquarii (abbreviated 94 Aqr) is a triple star system in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 94 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation. The brightest member has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.19, making it visible to the naked eye. The parallax measured by the Gaia spacecraft yields a distance estimate of around 73 ly from Earth.

The inner pair of this triple star system form a spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 6.321 years, a moderate orbital eccentricity of 0.173, and a combined visual magnitude of 5.19. The primary component of this pair has a stellar classification of G8.5 IV, with the luminosity class of IV indicating this is a subgiant star. At an angular separation of 13.0 arcseconds from this pair is a magnitude 7.52 K-type main sequence star with a classification of K2 V.

title: 94 Aquarii