text:
Talk:Anti-Oedipus

comment
The article doesn't mention, confirm or deny the existence of, actual clinical schizoanalysis. Are there any persons who self-identify as schizoanalysts? -Peter

 * I suppose we could say Guattari was one when he was working with patients at La Borde. But I don't think the point of schizoanalysis is really to be practiced clinically in the same way as Freudian analysis. 2601:642:C481:4640:A580:7153:5936:E118 (talk) 06:41, 21 September 2023 (UTC)

Definition?
"The most precise definition however is given in Felix Guattari's untranslated work Cartographies Schizoanalytiques as "the analysis of the incidence of Dispositions [agencements] of enunciation upon semiotic and subjective productions, in a given problematic context". Put in other terms, it is the practice of meta-modelization of endo- and exo-referentialities,  and the modelization of the transformation of such referencialities."

Both "definitions" are more than 50% jargon, meaningless to any casual reader and with no clues as to context. A better definition is badly needed.

English translation
When was the English translation published? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mewmewmew (talk • contribs) 04:43, 24 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Published in French in 1972. English translation appeared in 1977. DionysosProteus (talk) 12:54, 26 July 2010 (UTC)

Desire machine
While stub sorting, I came across Desire machine in the Lit-stub category. I transferred it to Psych-stub and fixed a link to this page (capitalization error). However, there is no information about "desire machines" on this page. I'm suggesting a merge, but cannot do it myself, since I have absolutely no knowledge of this subject. BonsaiViking 17:33, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Maybe
I created the page. I dont know much about Wikipedia organization. I created the page because it is a term used frequently in Anti-Oedipus. My hestation in merging the two would be that one is the name of a Book, and the other is a concept that is explored in the book.

I think so
To my understanding, "desire machines" are rarely talked about anywhere outside Anti-Oedipus, so I think it would be a good idea to merge the articles. Desire machines are a key concept of Anti-Oedipus, so it is only sensible to list information on desire machines under the 'key concepts' section in the Anti-Oedipus article.

Not even the right title
The Hurley/Seem/Lane translation of Anti-Oedipus uses the term desiring machines, not desire machines. But concerning merging: it really depends how much we can expand on the topic. The article has no content and should really be a redirect for now. But if the subsection in the article becomes long enough, it could get its own article.

Alternately - and I'd say preferably - we could finally get to writing an article on desire in psychoanalysis and use Deleuze and Guattari's concept (in fact it was Guattari who coined the term - see Dialogues, p. 13) of the desiring machine as a counter- or re-conceptualization of desire in Lacan. - yeah that would be my vote: redirect to new article desire (psychoanalysis) and merge 'content'. Pteron 01:47, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

Deleuze & Guattari's terminology
Reading the above discussion regarding the merging of the 'desiring machine' page with that of generic 'desire' as a psychological drive got me thinking....

One of the most important (and confusing) things about the authors is the amount of neologistic terms they coined, and the extent to which their definitions of these terms (including 'desire') differs from traditional meanings. So, my suggestion for Capitalism and Schizophrenia, ie. the books AO and ATP, would be to have a parent category 'Capitalism and Schizophrenia' which, to the extent that it is possible, contains a section for each term, ie. desiring machines, assemblages, Body without Organs, etc., and also contains links to seperate pages for each of the two books. These pages would then, ideally, be broken into abstracts and (optimistically ) chapter descriptions (especially in the case of ATP, which is in part a collection of disparate, previously published essays). Reference in these pages to the aforementioned terms would then link back to the parent category, ie. Cap and Sch.

Too ambitious? And, while I'm at it, is this even the right discussion page for my proposal?

Is this really a neo-marxist work?
I'll qualify my statements by saying that I am a relative new to D&G but I read this book not as neo-marxist work, but as a neo-anarchist work. The overarching thesis of the book is anti-teleological. That's its whole point. It uses capitalism, psychoanalysis and the Oedipus myth as its straw men, but the implication is that any theory with a telos in its supposition is equally open to critique from their vantage point. How can the work be neo-marxist given their basic premise?

 * the purpose of linking Anti-Oedipus to the "neo-marxist" wiki entry is to help the reader understand that the book uses a great deal of marxist terminology in a modern way, the term "neo-marxist" is very broad and does not refer to a particular reading, slant, or school (although sometimes it does for some people who can't think up specific words to use, but I don't see why that narrow usage should prevent the broader term from being used.

 * Calling it "neo-anarchist" would not convey the importance of Marx as a foundation to their thesis. I suppose then calling it "marxist" would be a better, do you agree? About it's anti-teleological aspect - well that is a good point and it is debatable. But because of the works narrative rhetoric it can be read differently by dfferent folks.

 * I suggest that it should be understood both as a marxist and anarchist work. While some marxism, particularly in its DIAMAT versions, is teleological, Marx himself is more "open" than that, and it's this aspect of his work that D&G develop (in a similar vein to Negri's reading of Marx in Marx Beyond Marx (1979)). DionysosProteus (talk) 12:54, 26 July 2010 (UTC)

Deterritorialisation
I've started to clean up the article a little, but I note that the section on deterritorialisation is especially in need of attention, which I'm not sure I'm going to have time to give it right now. D is not about a movement from arborescent to rhizomatic... The move from primitive to despotic, for example, is accomplished via D, as is the subsequent move from despotic to capitalist. And there are three terms - I've adjusted the section header to reflect this - territorialisation (as in Guattari's later "existential refrains"), deterritorialisation (leaving the territory), and re-territorialisation (not just a return to the territory). Deterritorialisation is the process that Marx and Engels describe with the phrase "all that is solid melts into air" in the Manifesto. We also need to draw a better distinction between "decoding" (in the collective assemblage of enunciation) and "deterritorialisation" (in the machinic assemblage of bodies). Anyhow, I won't delete for now, but thought it was worth giving a heads up here. DionysosProteus (talk) 12:54, 26 July 2010 (UTC)

Most-browsed Deleuze and Guattari articles
I wanted to find out which of the D&G articles garners the most traffic on this site. I thought this might be of interest to other editors interested in the D&G articles. All stats for June 2010:

 * Gilles Deleuze 11,862
 * Rhizome (philosophy) 2,887
 * Félix Guattari 2,623
 * A Thousand Plateaus 2,341
 * Anti-Oedipus 2,191
 * Deterritorialization 1,326
 * Capitalism and Schizophrenia 1,208
 * Haecceity 1,173
 * Body without organs 1,130
 * Plane of immanence 1,057
 * Affect (philosophy) 647
 * Arborescent 545
 * Multiplicity (philosophy) 823
 * Desiring-production 402
 * Minority (philosophy) 388
 * Schizoanalysis 369 (though article had been deleted to a redirect)
 * Immanent evaluation 344
 * Subjectivation 330
 * Reterritorialization 319
 * Line of flight 317
 * Difference (philosophy) 300
 * La Borde clinic 282
 * L'Abécédaire_de_Gilles_Deleuze 224
 * A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity 184

Also related are: But neither article has any substantial treatment of D&G
 * Noosphere 5,896
 * Individuation 3,658

DionysosProteus (talk) 14:20, 26 July 2010 (UTC)

Cool. It surprises me that here A Thousand Plateaus is more researched than Anti-Oedipus. I think among intellectuals is the other way around. --Sum (talk) 11:36, 28 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Well, AO certainly generated a far greater furore at the time. It's possible this is because it's subject was more "traditional", whereas, I would argue, TP is the more radical work. These days the language of TP is everywhere (I was at a talk at the Tate Modern recently in which all the participants were talking Deleuzeoguattarian, though without saying so; I even heard "rhizome" used in the DG sense on Channel 4 news here a little while ago), whereas AO is more difficult to find. The AO critique is very frequently misrepresented and misunderstood too, in my experience. Certainly, most psychoanalytically-informed criticism in the arts remains Lacanian rather than anti-Oedipal. DionysosProteus (talk) 18:11, 24 August 2010 (UTC)

Recent edits and expansion
I've added a couple of non-free images for identification and commentary and fleshed out the schizoanalysis section--though it's just a start and at the moment still needs further work to become fully comprehensible. I'm working on the basis of the four theses of schizoanalysis from the fourth section of the book. I've also gone through the other sections, providing references where I can and tidying up the text to make it clearer. It's not a fresh, from the ground up, edit of these sections, however, so the jumps in the logic of the exposition are still a little abrupt at times. I'm correcting all page references to the widely-available continuum edition, which is also the one available on google books preview. I'm using the MLA author-date citation system throughout (as in Hamlet and elsewhere). I don't have many secondary sources to hand--when I first read AO, there weren't any available really, so I've gotten used to working without them--but Holland's book is previewable on google books and I have a copy of Buchanan's book on its way to me. I hope to have the time to flesh out the references with citations from them at some stage.

I've removed this:
 * In the family, Foucault explains, the young develop in a "perverse" relationship, insofar as they learn to love the same person that beats and oppresses them. The family therefore constitutes the first cell of the fascist society, as the child will carry this love for oppressive figures into his or her adult life.

because it isn't sourced (the citation pointing to the Preface is clearly wrong, as Foucault doesn't make this argument there). I've also removed this:
 * Deleuze and Guattari say that in a society there is a flow of forces that start from the broadest social structures, descend trough the nuclear family (mummy-daddy-me), and finally invest the individual's unconscious libido, his deepest desires. The unconscious libido of an individual it's the strongest force that conditions him, what really drives him and his behaviour, even contrary to his rational interest.

because it mis-represents their argument--there is no starting from the social structures, nor descent through the family, towards the individual. That's a Freudo-Marxist scheme. I've also adjusted, when not quoting directly from AO, the term "psychic repression" to psychological repression and "social repression" to oppression, in line with the Wikipedia articles and for clarity's sake. Didn't want anyone to get the impression that there's anything supernatural involved, nor that "social repression" is all in the mind (it is, of course, but not only there).

I'm also adjusting the use of "perverse" throughout. It is true that on a few occasions D&G describe the Oedipal mechanisms and psychoanalytic operations as "peverse". In this sense, the word "perverse" is used as a pejorative term. This is because it is a re-territorializing operation on the de-coded flows of desire, for which perversion is the general model (346-347). However, they also draw a further distinction between the neurotic, narcissistic mechanisms of the family (familial neurosis) and psychoanalysis (which re-territorialises on the couch - artificial neurosis of transference (353)), and perversion proper, whose "artificial territories" may resemble families but are not (the masochist, the homosexual, the fetishist, etc.). Perversion as the general model of re-territorialisation comprises Oedipal, familial neurotic instances, as well as "exotic, archaic, residual, private, etc." ones (347). Hence the distinction: "Oedipal, familial lands of neurosis, artificial lands of perversion, clinical lands of psychosis" (350). In this sense, perversion is far from being a pejorative term for them. On the contrary, they declare: "More perversion! More artifice!--to a point where the earth becomes so artificial that the movement of deterritorialization creates of necessity and by itself a new earth" (353). (It is interesting to note in passing that this is an idea that Slavoj Žižek has pinched in his attacks on the ideology of environmentalism, without attributing it--interesting given Zizek's hostility to Deleuze's collaborations with Guattari; though, of course, if he were to accept the anti-Oedipal critique, vast swathes of his published work would be rendered obsolete.)

''Taking a break for the moment, but have added the edits I've done so far... more to come shortly.'' DionysosProteus (talk) 18:01, 24 August 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anti-Oedipus


text:
Julia Coleman

Julia Coleman was an American educator from the state of New York. She was Superintendent of the Literature (publications) Department of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). In 1868 she presented a lecture on "Alcohol our Enemy" at her church and quickly became involved in anti-alcohol activities. She wrote temperance articles for the National Temperance Publishing House and the Youth's Temperance Visitor. She then became convinced that temperance should be taught in the schools, a belief shared by Mary Hunt, with whom she worked closely. In doing so she contributed significantly to Scientific Temperance Instruction and was an important part of the temperance movement.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Julia Coleman


text:
Pascal Duquenne

Pascal Duquenne (born 8 August 1970) is a Belgian actor. He shared the Best Actor Award in the 1996 Cannes Film Festival for his performance as Georges in the movie The Eighth Day, with Daniel Auteuil, who played Harry. He lives in Brussels. He has Down syndrome. In 2004, he received the very high civil distinction of Commander in the Order of the Crown (Belgium).

Films

 * Toto le héros, 1991 (minor part)
 * Le Huitième Jour (The Eighth Day), 1996 (lead role)
 * Lumière et compagnie, 1996 (supporting role)
 * The Room by Giles Daoust, 2006 (lead role)
 * Mr. Nobody, 2009 (supporting role)
 * The Brand New Testament, 2015 (supporting role)

All these movies are directed by Jaco Van Dormael, and they are close to each other.

TV series

 * Le commissaire Moulin, 2004

title: Pascal Duquenne


text:
Talk:Nebraska Man

AiG
Is the AiG link really necessary? It basically just expounds upon the falsities already debunked in the main Wikipedia article. I'm removing it; if anyone has a good idea why it should stay, bring it up here. -- Cyde Weys 00:33, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

 * It's being fair. You would have no objection to the truths in the main Wikipedia article being repeated and expounded upon elsewhere (as indeed they are). Let people decide for themselves.

 * No, the AiG link nor the EvolutionDeceit.com link gave anymore information than what is already provided in the reference section. As well, the ultimate design of the AiG and ED websites beg the question of whether they are reliable sources.  They seem to be overtly opinionated and not objective concerning the issue (e.g. taking the stance of evolution as an evil on the world).  The TalkOrigins site, however, gives a more objective approach to the history of Nebraska Man.  I'm willing to discuss the reliability of the TO article linked in the external links section, however.  For reference: Reliable sources.  Rec Specz 04:00, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

Drawings
The two drawings published in Illustrated London News on June 24, 1922 should be shown here. Nebraska man's tooth Drawings and Nebraska Man illustration of two humanlike creatures I hope those drawings is not copyrighted. --OnlyHuman 13:00, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

Possible references
I found these, thought they might be useful._Dragon Helm 07:08, 13 July 2007 (UTC)

Creationist statements
The final paragraph seems unduly critical of creationists. As it stands, it says: "Although the identity of H. haroldcookii did not achieve general acceptance in the scientific community, and although the species was retracted a decade after its discovery, creationists have promoted this episode as an example of the scientific errors that they allege undermine the credibility of how palaeontology and hominid evolution theories are crafted, and how information is peer reviewed or accepted as mainstream knowledge." It seems somewhat revisionist, as the "Nebraska Man" was taught in textbooks for quite some time, and the findings were published in the highest rated scientific perr-reviewed journal Science. I think this section should have the creationist comments removed for fairness. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Daveleau (talk • contribs) 00:21, 19 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Can you cite these textbooks? Dysmorodrepanis (talk) 19:14, 25 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Nebraska man is currently cited at the creationist website EvolutionDeceit.com, By all means clarify the degree of acceptance of Nebraska Man, but the creationist misuse of him to discredit evolution and the scientific method is current. --Hugh7 (talk) 20:58, 12 October 2009 (UTC)
 * This isn't conservapedia. I'm changing creationists to critics. Creationists aren't the only ones who challenge modern evolutionary theory. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.235.22.119 (talk) 03:22, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Nebraska Man has nothing to do with modern evolutionary theory. Nebraska Man is used to make a case that evidence that man descended from apes is wrong; I don't know anyone who's trying to make that case besides creationists, and if they exist they are way out on the fringe. Please cite a work that's not a creationist (or ID) work that uses Nebraska Man to try and disprove evolution.--Prosfilaes (talk) 03:13, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

Though not a deliberate hoax
All that was found was a tooth, from that tooth two naked ape-people were created, yet this is "not a diliberate hoax". Right —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.174.30.150 (talk) 22:27, 18 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, of course, it's not a deliberate hoax. Guettarda (talk) 23:59, 18 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I agree with Guettarda on this. Hoaxes and mistakes happen in all fields of human endeavor.  It is impossible to stop them from occurring, but science in general does the next best thing in placing them under scrutiny and requiring more than a "first look" to enable them to become part of the observational database.  In accordance with that, I'm going to remove the two "citation required" tags in the first paragraph, because they are impossible to fill in a scientific rather than an editorial, hand-waving way.

 * Though not a deliberate hoax,[citation needed] the classification proved to be a mistake.
 * However, such mistakes are not the norm[citation needed] in paleontology or historical science in general.

 * SkoreKeep (talk) 20:04, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

No, not a deliberate hoax, but as is so often the case, the retraction was far less publicized than the initial proclamation, thereby leaving the impression of Nebraska Man as a contribution to scientific knowledge far beyond its retraction date. Tim B C (talk) 09:15, 29 July 2010 (UTC)

 * According to the retraction made the front page of the New York Times.--Prosfilaes (talk) 02:08, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nebraska Man


text:
User:Animorph6

The animal kingdom is a weird thing. Of course, at the top,  humans. And at the bottem, light. BUT the kingdom has no king, no queen, no princess, no castle, no..well you get the idea! But it does have an enemy. Mankind

by M.Rose M. age 10

 * home schooled by Dad the Terrible

title: User:Animorph6


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of famous people who died young

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. Tito xd (?!?) 03:45, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

List of famous people who died young
I think this is a pointless list. JW1805 17:37, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep. It has a column describing what these people are known for, which is quite interesting. --Vsion 18:01, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't. Keep. It's more useful than List of Songs which have Telephone Numbers In The Title or List Of People With Pet Elephants. The Land 19:00, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vivian Darkbloom 18:48, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Would you care to give a reason why? the wub  "?!"  22:54, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * very strong keep Interesting, maintainable, and already populated. — brighterorange  (talk) 18:54, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Very interesting article. Tintin 18:59, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's so interesting that it's been on my watchlist for a while just for reference purposes.ErikNY 19:06, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Interesting and useful article. Davewild 19:10, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Strongest Possible Keep Hipocrite - « Talk » 19:17, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. "I think this is a pointless list" isn't a very good reason for deletion.--Kewp (t) 19:22, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep, not a big fan of standalone lists... but this seems to have encyclopedic value.--Isotope23 20:10, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. Absolutely encyclopedic.  PacknCanes 22:25, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Useful list --JAranda | yeah 22:27, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Interesting and useful list. the wub  "?!"  22:54, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I'm one of the resident listcruft deletionists, but this is what an interesting, well-expanded list, with links, should be. MCB 23:13, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's interesting, useful, and very well-done. --Idont Havaname 01:52, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * keep, but I'm surprised that 40 is the cut off date (30 was what I had in mind.) Sabine's Sunbird 02:52, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: lowering it to 30 would make it much more manageable, like Dead or Alive does. -- Kjkolb 04:12, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I still think it's pointless. What about a List of famous people who died old? --JW1805 17:06, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, but the consensus had already been to keep the article. At least it's not as bad as all those song lists, though. Songs with parentheses in the title? Ugh. Also, stop giving them ideas for new lists. ;-) -- Kjkolb 09:33, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This is somewhat covered by centenarian and supercentenarian. --Idont Havaname 17:35, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * keep best stand-alone list I've run across on wikipedia. Youngamerican 17:44, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pointless and unmanagable. For much of human history, most people died before 30. Martg76 22:01, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Were they all famous ? :-) Tintin 22:02, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Enough of them to make this page extremely long. Martg76 22:17, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Maximum keep I use it as a reference. And, of course, I contribute to it regularly.  Giftlite 01:19, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Kennedy Lindsay

Kennedy Lindsay (1924–1997) was a Northern Ireland politician and a leading advocate of Ulster nationalism. Born in Canada but raised in Northern Ireland, Lindsay pursued a career as a history academic before becoming associated with the Ulster Vanguard tendency of unionism. He took a leading role in the tendency within the Vanguard that supported a diminished role for the United Kingdom in Northern Ireland and produced the Dominion of Ulster, outlining his views, in 1972.

Lindsay subsequently led two political parties advocating his dominion idea but failed to gain much support. He largely left active politics in his later life to concentrate on writing.

Academic career
Born in Saskatchewan, Canada, of Ulster Scots descent, Lindsay was raised on a farm in Northern Ireland after his family emigrated. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, Edinburgh University and in London, gaining a PhD in modern history, studying under Richard Pares and Sir Lewis Namier. His academic career saw Lindsay lecture and research in North America and Nigeria and he spent a number of years at the Royal Military College of Canada in Canada, where he also worked for the Canadian International Development Agency and the Canadian Department of External Affairs. He eventually returned to Northern Ireland and lectured in the School of Humanities at the University of Ulster in Coleraine, County Londonderry.

Politics
Lindsay entered politics as a member of the Vanguard Progressive Unionist Party and was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly set up under the 1973 Sunningdale Agreement to represent that party in the South Antrim constituency. He retained the seat for the Vanguard in the 1975 Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention election under the United Ulster Unionist Council banner.

His Eight Point Ulster Plan, produced for the Loyalist Association of Workers, had garnered him much attention and he soon rose to become one of the most prominent members of the Vanguard. The document argued that the sole task for the future must be to destroy the Irish Republican Army and that the British government must commit to governing Northern Ireland in the same way as the rest of the United Kingdom. It continued that the government must fully identify itself as being with the Ulster people and abandon any notions of being simply a neutral arbiter, with the security forces strengthened for the proposed war on the IRA. To accommodate this strengthening, more local personnel were to be recruited to the Royal Ulster Constabulary and Ulster Defence Regiment, with the Ulster Defence Association incorporated into the security forces and the British Army and the police given vastly improved weapons and techniques. Finally, the document argued that the government of the Republic of Ireland had been harbouring IRA members and that the British government must induce them to stop.

Deeply opposed to the Assembly, Lindsay had also grown disillusioned with unionism, and began to call for implementation of the ideas of W. F. McCoy, who had earlier called for Northern Ireland to be granted Dominion status. He felt that his plan, which he had intended to strengthen the Union, had been ignored and so moved to a more formal separation for Northern Ireland. In 1972 he published a paper, Dominion of Ulster, in which he likened Irish Nationalists to the pre-Second World War Sudeten Germans and described the late Stormont era as Ulster's "Vichy period".

Lindsay underlined this newfound commitment when, in 1975, he set up the Ulster Dominion Group, which would emerge as the British Ulster Dominion Party in 1977. The party contested local elections without success and also produced a newspaper, The Ulsterman, which enjoyed wider circulation than the party had support. Lindsay himself failed to secure election to Newtownabbey Borough Council in 1977, finishing bottom of the poll in electoral area A.

Later years
Lindsay withdrew from politics after his new party failed to make any headway. He then turned his attention to writing books about the British secret service operations in Northern Ireland, including Ambush at Tullywest and The British Intelligence Services in Action. The former would later be quoted by Sinn Féin MLA Mary Nelis in a Northern Ireland Assembly debate on security forces collusion in Northern Ireland. Lindsay briefly returned in 1982 to stand in an Assembly election in South Antrim as a candidate for the United Ulster Unionist Party; he and his running mate Samuel Larmour came bottom of the poll.

In 1996 Lindsay made an even briefer return when he formed the "British Ulster Unionist Party" with the intention of standing in elections to the Northern Ireland Forum, but in the event the party did not run any candidates.

title: Kennedy Lindsay


text:
Talk:Vincristine

Heading
Some issues you may want to expand on. Vincristine is a vinca alkaloid, of which other related agents include vinblastine and vinorelbin Vincristine is a neurotoxin. This is the main reason for the peripheral neuropathy (of which symptoms may included parathesia and altered motor skills). Constipation is a result of autonomic nervous system dysfunction as a result of the neurotoxic effect of vincristine. Most cancer therapies that include vincristine as an antineoplastic agent are generally limited to 2mg in a single IV dose, due to vincristine's neurotoxic properties. Vincristine is a vesicant. Care must be taken to avoid contact with the skin and tissues due to the burn and necrosis associated with contact in this manner. Care must be taken during the administration of vincristine to avoid extravasation. - Pharmer

 * sofixit. You're the pharmacist! JFW | T@lk  21:33, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, I'm just a pharmacy student. With the study load and exams, I don't really have the time to learn wiki markup let alone update this wiki in the kind of detail that I would like. I just thought that by commenting, it would be a quick way of raising some points that I felt were relevent to the topic, and which should be included and expanded upon in some form (possibly by someone with more time!). - Pharmer

C'mon, Wikimarkup is not hard! Just enclose a link with two brackets. That's it! JFW | T@lk  08:52, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Chuck Schuldiner's resulting death
Don't you think that something should be included on how it poisoned and killer Chuck Schuldiner? Maybe it was the glioma not the chemo?

Structure is incorrect
The structure of this molecule is incorrect as shown. The molecule displayed in the PubChem link is correct. I would be happy to provide an updated image file, but am not sure how... any help?

C. Goodman

Contamination scandal in China
JFW, I favor reincluding the contamination scandal, as this did receive a fair amount of publicity and other people may come to this article in search of this story or at least for context. Andrew73 (talk) 14:37, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

 * OK, I have moved it to the relevant section and rephrased it slightly, also mentioning the production company's name. JFW | T@lk  15:03, 1 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Ah, I didn't see that section. Andrew73 (talk) 15:15, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Not just childhood leukemia
My son was just diagnosed with Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma in his Hypothalamus. He will begin Chemotherapy with carboplatin and vincristine through a Central Line. His oncologist, Dr. Lamkin of OHSU, suggested this treatment. I haven't done much Wikipedia editing, so I didn't want to change the main page.

--- August 8th, 2009 Elizabeth —Preceding undated comment added 20:26, 1 August 2009 (UTC).

minor edit and question
March 2, 2010 I suspect "action" in second paragraph should be "actin". Will change on confirmation if someone doesn't change it first. Will update external link to http://www.macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertreatment/Treatmenttypes/Chemotherapy/Individualdrugs/Vincristine.aspx. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Twbeals31 (talk • contribs) 20:44, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

DrugBox cosmetic edit
I made cosmetic changed to the drugbox, as it was taking up the entire screen to display (my resolution is at 1280 x 1024). As I haven't edited drug boxes before, I didn't change the chemical forumla or change any of the text, only added line breaks to move the drug box down in size. Let me know if it's not right, also feel free to change it. KoshVorlon Naluboutes ''AeriaGloris 20:11, 30 May 2011 (UTC)

Vincristine isolation- suggested minor edits
I suspect that the aluminum oxide was the stationery phase for chromatography, and that trichloromethane and benzdichlormethane were the solvents (mobile phase) for eluting the vincristine from the column. If true (I do not have access to the original reference (#4)), a rewording would be "This fraction was further separated by chromatography on aluminum oxide, using trichloromethane and benzdichloromethane as eluents, and separation by pH to yield vincristine." Drbillellis 13:55, 4 July 2011 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Drbillellis (talk • contribs)

Pronunciation of Oncovin - strange transcription
The current phonemic transcription  looks wrong (~ anchor?) (and doesnt match the ref) - surely it should be   (like (b)onk) to match  ? - Rod57 (talk) 13:27, 17 November 2015 (UTC)

Should the article mention a current shortage?
I've added a very short section on the impending shortage of this drug, mentioned in today's NYTimes. It seems (to me) very important for readers to know about this, in case they are reading the article because of a relative who needs it for childhood cancer, which I'm guessing probably motivates a lot of readers to read this Wikipedia entry. Does this violate WP:Notnews? I'm seeing "...including information on recent developments is sometimes appropriate,...", so maybe it's OK to include this. But if I'm wrong, by all means feel free to smack me down on this. Maybe rephrase in very-recent-history form? HandsomeMrToad (talk) 08:33, 15 October 2019 (UTC)

Baby versus fetus
Using "baby" is fine in this context as the medication causes birth defects in newborns. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 07:32, 12 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vincristine


text: User talk:70.155.127.202

title: User talk:70.155.127.202


text:
User talk:Ckuelzow

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Impedance Mismatch Problem, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. For more information about Wikipedia's policies and guidelines, take a look at our Five Pillars. Happy editing! -- ≈ jossi fresco ≈ 17:40, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

If you continue to add copyrighted information to wikipedia, this account will be blocked. Fawcett5 17:52, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Structured Key Information Enterprise Repository (SKIER) article
The content was speedy deleted several times because it was copyright violation. I haven't found your statements regarding this content not being copyrighted, so I can't speak to that. Wikipedia must defend itself against potential copyright violations. There is a policy in place to deal with this, WP:CSD #8. If you would please provide assertion/proof of permission, then the content can be placed here. However, please keep in mind that in so doing it is then subject to the terms of GFDL, and is no longer 'owned' by you. Please make comments regarding this article at Articles for deletion/Structured Key Information Enterprise Repository (SKIER), as it is up for deletion. I think this article will need to greatly expand in order for it to pass it's vote on the AfD page. What is its relevance? Where does it fit in within the context of scientific study? Who are the main proponents and what is their expertise? Etc..etc..etc.. Also, please sign any comments you make on non-article pages by add a ~ to the end of them, or clicking on the second button from the right on the buttons at the top of the editing window. All the best, --Durin 18:26, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Please sign your comments
Please sign any comments you make on non-article pages by add a  to the end of them, or clicking on the second button from the right on the buttons at the top of the editing window. This is important to aid users in seeing your comment with a time stamp to place in context, and for allowing them an easy route to communicate with you. --Durin 15:00, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Take a look at impedance mismatch
Nice job. I found this article more intelligible than SKIER. It is actually a widely useful concept I did not have a word for. So I added an opening paragraph and modified the second paragraph for you for a couple of purposes. First, cooperative editing feels different than ordinary editing when you realize that literally anyone can alter an article you wrote. I may have introduced an error, or changed a phrase of yours to a way I preferred. Second, I tried to give an example of what I meant by an orienting intro paragraph for a novice reader. I have never heard of this term before you started this article. Is my paragraph a fair intro, or did I misunderstand your more concise and advanced description? Feel free to correct the paragraph. In fact, if you are offended by the idea that I might presume to change "your" article despite my profession of ignorance about your subject, wikipedia might be a stressful and unpleasant place for you. In this case I have no intention of disputing any changes you might make in turn (because I basically have nothing invested in this particular topic), but if you thought I might, you might leave a message on the talk:impedance mismatch page to explain your change. I might agree or might express disagreement. Anyway, you get the idea. I will check the article to see if I completely missed the point of your original version (but if so, it should give you some clues as to how to make yours clearer). Happy editing. alteripse 00:08, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ckuelzow


text:
User:Dooderhead

Dooderhead is aka Tom Van Becelaere. Tom is a father of three (Dana J. Valentine, Thomas A. Van Becelaere and Lisa A. Van Becelaere) who currently lives in Atlanta, GA. Tom has worked for AutoTrader.com (Manager, Enterprise Operations Center) since August 1999. Tom coined the word dooderhead in the mid-1980s as a reference to the silly things his young children did as they were growing up, making them dooderheads.

title: User:Dooderhead


text:
Calico Sunset

Calico Sunset is a Bakersfield, California-based electropop band, comprising Joseph Andreotti and Jenny Alvis. Calico Sunset is signed to Jeff Cloud's (Starflyer 59 and Joy Electric) Velvet Blue Music. Calico Sunset's debut album on VBM, "Deep Deep Paranoia," was produced by and featured Frank Lenz (Starflyer 59, Pedro the Lion, headphones) and featured Josh Dooley (MAP, Starflyer 59) on guitar. Shortly after the release of "Deep Deep Paranoia," Calico Sunset joined Joy Electric on a national tour. Calico Sunset has also shared the stage with such bands as Moving Units, The Fever, Starflyer 59, Freezepop, Broken Spindles (Joel from The Faint's solo project).

Biography
Calico Sunset is a result of the union between Joseph and Jenny. Since joining, they have managed to create an eclectic breed of electropop. Not long after their formation, Calico Sunset found themselves playing a series of shows that resulted in their being signed to Jeff Cloud's (Starflyer 59 and Joy Electric) Velvet Blue Music label. Calico Sunset's debut album on VBM titled "Deep Deep Paranoia," was produced by Frank Lenz (Starflyer 59). "Deep Deep Paranoia" not only featured Lenz's producing and playing talents, but also featured Map's Josh Dooley on guitar. Shortly after the release of "Deep Deep Paranoia," Calico Sunset was asked to join Tooth and Nail veteran Joy Electric on a nationwide tour. After their last release title "If You Got It" (a self-released 7 inch) The Andreottis have been playing fewer shows, and as of January 1, 2008, their Myspace page has been deactivated, assuming they have broken up Calico Sunset. In 2013, They formed a new band called Fawns of Love. In 2019, They released an LP album called Permanent. As of 2023, They currently still play and active in Fawns of Love.

Full Length albums

 * Deep, Deep Paranoia (2004, Velvet Blue Music)

EPs

 * Blue Balloon EP (2006, Velvet Blue Music)
 * If You Got It EP (2007, Self-Released)

Band members

 * Jenny: Vocals
 * Joseph : Synthesizer/backing vocals

Guest Players

 * Josh Dooley: Guitars/Vocals

title: Calico Sunset


text:
Tribes of Redwall Badgers

Tribes of Redwall Badgers was published in 2001 as an accessory to the Redwall series by Brian Jacques.

Plot summary
This booklet about badgers features trivia questions, a giant poster, and profiles of many of the badger characters that are featured in the series. They include cartoons, fun facts, and the story information. The booklet was illustrated by Peter Standley.

title: Tribes of Redwall Badgers


text:
Tribes of Redwall Mice

Tribes of Redwall Mice was published in 2003 as an accessory to the Redwall series by Brian Jacques. It was illustrated by Jonathan Walker.

This booklet about mice in the Redwall series features trivia questions, a giant poster, and profiles of many of the mouse characters in the series, including Martin the Warrior.

title: Tribes of Redwall Mice


text:
Backyard Football

Backyard Football is a series of video games for various systems. The series was developed by Humongous Entertainment and published by Infogrames, Atari, and The Evergreen Group. It is one of several sub-series in the Backyard Sports series and is the first to feature professional players as kids, examples being Steve Young and Barry Sanders. The series currently has eleven titles.

Backyard Football attempts to recreate the experience of playing American football as children.

Backyard Football
Backyard Football, the third Backyard Sports game, was developed by Humongous Entertainment and published by GT Interactive in 1999. It is the first game in the franchise to include child versions of NFL players as playable characters; these include Jerry Rice, Brett Favre, Steve Young, Drew Bledsoe, Dan Marino, Barry Sanders, John Elway, and Randall Cunningham. There are three different gameplay modes available in Backyard Football. The first one is a single game. At the single game screen, the player can select the field on which they wish to play, the weather (between sunny, where the players are able to run very quickly; rainy, in which the players are slowed somewhat and the ball is difficult to throw; and snowy, where players are slowed considerably), and the level of difficulty (between easy, medium, and hard), among various other minor settings. They then pick their team's name, which can be any of the then-31 NFL teams and 10 backyard teams. When the team is chosen, a player would take turns choosing players with the CPU. There are a total of seven players on a team, two of which will be on the bench, while five get to see action. The statistics of a player in single game mode have no effect on a player's statistics in season play.

The second type of gameplay is season mode. The player selects their coach name, settings, and team before the season and drafts all seven of their players before the CPU picks any for the rest of the computer-controlled teams in the league. The coach guides their team through a 14-game season, at the end of which if they are to win their division or be picked as the wild card, the team will compete in the playoffs. Eight teams, four from each conference, compete in three rounds of games to determine the winner of the "Super Colossal Cereal Bowl" (which is a spoof of the Super Bowl in the NFL).

The third type of gameplay is online play. Backyard Football is the only game, along with Backyard Baseball 2001, that offers online play with players across the globe. Online play is hosted through the Junior Sports Network and is only available for Windows users, since the network system does not support Macintosh. Like Backyard Baseball 2001, there are three difficulty areas: Easy Streets, Mediumville, and Toughy Town. The harder the difficulty, it becomes less likely that the players out on the field are going to make magnificent plays to "bail the coach out". While playing online, the player may make contact with another coach online. They may then chat with each other with only pre-written dialogue, since the network is not being monitored to make sure no inappropriate language is used. Since www.jrsn.com has been discontinued, no new coach names may be registered to play online, but in 2021, a member named LittleToonCat has recreated the servers from scratch running on Node.js and using an online-enabled ScummVM build as the client to connect to the new servers which was released as Backyard Sports Online. The source codes for the server, session, and the ScummVM client have been made open source by the creator.

Backyard Football 2001
Backyard Football 2001 was a cancelled game intended to release for the Game Boy Color in October 2000.

Backyard Football 2002
Backyard Football 2002 was developed by Humongous Entertainment and published by Infogrames in 2001 for Windows and Macintosh. Brett Favre and Drew Bledsoe, who both appear in the first Backyard Football, return in this game, while Terrell Davis, Steve McNair, Jevon Kearse, Rich Gannon, Ricky Williams, Junior Seau, Donovan McNabb, and Cade McNown are added. This is also the only SCUMM game to use LAN play instead of online services. Versions for the Game Boy Advance and GameCube were released a year later.

Backyard Football 2004
Backyard Football 2004 was developed by Humongous Entertainment and published by Atari in 2003 for Windows. Donovan McNabb returns in this game, while Mike Vick, Jeff Garcia, Marshall Faulk, Curtis Martin, Marvin Harrison, Brian Urlacher, Jerome Bettis, David Boston, and Zach Thomas are added.

Backyard Football 2006
Backyard Football 2006 was developed by Humongous Entertainment and published by Atari in 2005 for Windows, PlayStation 2, and Game Boy Advance. Mike Vick, Donovan McNabb, Marvin Harrison, and Brian Urlacher return in this game, while Daunte Culpepper, Tom Brady, Matt Hasselback, Priest Holmes, LaDainian Tomlinson, Torry Holt, Peyton Manning, Michael Strahn, Tony Gonzalez, and Ahman Green are added. It is the first game in the series to feature a 7-on-7 lineup.

Backyard Sports Football 2007
Backyard Sports Football 2007 was developed by Humongous Entertainment and published by Atari in 2006 for the Game Boy Advance. Backyard Sports Football 2007 received negative reviews, being criticized for its repetitive sound and poor gameplay. The sound is described was described as "annoying, repetitious music" by a reviewer at GameZone. The gameplay was described as poor by the same reviewer due to "irresponsive controls" and a lack of playbook options.

Backyard Football '08
Backyard Football '08 was released in 2007 for the Wii, PlayStation 2, Nintendo DS, and PC. Humongous Entertainment handled development, with assistance by FarSight Studios and Torus Games. It was published by Atari. The game allows the player to play as child versions of professional football players from all current NFL teams, as well as play entire football seasons as any of the 16 teams.

IGN rated the Wii version of the game a 6/10 and criticized it for having controls that may be hard for a younger audience to understand, while praising its commentary for being funny.

Backyard Football '09
Backyard Football '09 was developed and published by the same studios as the previous installment and released on the same systems in 2008. The game includes all 22 backyard kids and 15 professional players as kids. Professional players include Tom Brady, Peyton Manning, Tony Romo, LaDainian Tomlinson, Brian Urlacher, Reggie Bush, Chris Cooley and Frank Gore and more. Along with the NFL players, most of the classic backyard kids are in the game including Pete Wheeler, Pablo Sanchez, and Ernie Steele. Both of the commentators, Chuck Downfield and Sunny Day, are also from previous games of the series.

Backyard Football '09 was said to be "repetitive with its commentary" and "made too simple and easy" from many reviews. The reviews state that the game targets more of a pre-teen audience.

Backyard Football '10
Backyard Football '10 was also developed by the previous team who did the other two installments and published by Atari in 2009 for the Xbox 360, Wii, and PlayStation 2. The game features "Single Player", "Season", "Tournament", and "All Pro" modes, along with the multiplayer modes of co-op play and two-on-two contests.

The game received mixed reviews for the Xbox 360 and Wii versions, but negative reviews for the PS2 version. For the Xbox 360 version, ZTGameDomain said that the game is "simple, easy to pick up and really well designed".

Backyard Sports: Rookie Rush
Backyard Sports: Rookie Rush was developed by HB Studios and published by Atari in 2010 for the Xbox 360, Wii, Microsoft Windows, and Nintendo DS. This title features the previously created "Pick-up Games", "Season Mode", and "Tournament", and introduces two new styles of gameplay, "Story Mode" and "Mini-Games".

Common Sense Media gave the game 4 out of 5 stars. The game received 2 out of 5 stars from AllGame.

TV special
In 2002, a live-action animated TV special based on the Backyard Football series entitled Backyard Basics aired on CBS on November 16 and later reran on Nickelodeon Games and Sports for Kids.

title: Backyard Football


text: User talk:24.199.179.173

title: User talk:24.199.179.173


text:
Talk:Tribes of Redwall Mice

Untitled
I begin it with basic info. More added later... —Preceding unsigned comment added by Thoreador (talk • contribs)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 13:55, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tribes of Redwall Mice


text:
Detached eddy simulation

Detached eddy simulation (DES) is a modification of a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) model in which the model switches to a subgrid scale formulation in regions fine enough for large eddy simulation (LES) calculations.

Details
Regions near solid boundaries and where the turbulent length scale is less than the maximum grid dimension are assigned the RANS mode of solution. As the turbulent length scale exceeds the grid dimension, the regions are solved using the LES mode. Therefore, the grid resolution is not as demanding as pure LES, thereby considerably cutting down the cost of the computation. Though DES was initially formulated for the Spalart-Allmaras model, it can be implemented with other RANS models (Strelets, 2001), by appropriately modifying the length scale which is explicitly or implicitly involved in the RANS model. So while Spalart-Allmaras model based DES acts as LES with a wall model, DES based on other models (like two equation models) behave as a hybrid RANS-LES model. Grid generation is more complicated than for a simple RANS or LES case due to the RANS-LES switch. DES is a non-zonal approach and provides a single smooth velocity field across the RANS and the LES regions of the solution.

title: Detached eddy simulation


text:
Toypurina

Toypurina (1760–1799) was a Kizh indian medicine woman from the Jachivit village. She is notable for her opposition to the colonial rule by Spanish missionaries in California, and for her part in the planned 1785 rebellion against the Mission San Gabriel. She recruited six of the eight villages whose men participated in the attack.

1785 rebellion
The causes of the San Gabriel rebellion were complex. The rebellion originated from both the Gabrielino people's frustration at the Spanish mission's imposition on their traditional territory, as well as their oppressive rule over their culture, language, labor, and sexual life. Even the Neophytes (the Spanish term for newly baptized indigenous people) resented the poor treatment at the hands of the Spanish, and the colonists' suppression of their culture and ceremonies.

The tangible threat imposed by the Spanish colonies to territorial boundaries and settlements was a primary factor for the growing anger of the people. There was a rapid growth in the population of new Neophytes at Mission San Gabriel. Their population, and the increase in livestock, which competed with their resources, increased pressure on their ability to survive off their land. Their resentment of the Mission increased.

Baptized Indigenous peoples within Spanish missions suffered labor exploitation and second-class citizenship under the Spanish. In 1782, the Spanish governor ordered soldiers inside the missions to prohibit baptized Indigenous people from having any dances in their villages. In the fall they traditionally held their annual Mourning Ceremony, a culmination of a series of death rituals including dances. Through this practice, they believed that the souls of the deceased achieved release from the earth and entrance into the land of the dead. By the end of October 1785, Nicolás José—a Neophyte and key figure in the 1785 rebellion— and others at the mission seem to have concluded that the ban on dances was intolerable, and that their inability to carry out their rituals jeopardized the repose of their dead relatives' spirits.

Nicolás José approached Toypurina, who was widely renowned as a wise and talented medicine person and whose brother was the head of her village. This kinship connection likely added to José asking for her aid. José reportedly gave her beads—as is customary to give a gift to doctors in return for their services —in exchange for her calling together a meeting of unbaptized Indigenous peoples from the area. Toypurina agreed, and contacted leaders of other villages to convince them to join the revolt.

On the night of the attack, men armed with bows and arrows went to the mission. Toypurina accompanied them to encourage their will to fight; she was unarmed. While Toypurina was one of the people who led the revolt, the number of Spanish people at risk was small. She lived outside of the mission. Due to further growth of livestock and other factors of population, the numbers of people living in the area increased, leading to a double in numbers around the area of the Mission. Someone had betrayed them to the Mission guards, and the participants and ringleaders, Toypurina included, were captured. Spanish officials sentenced five of the attack's participants to twenty-five lashes, and another twelve to fifteen or twenty lashes. The punishments were carried out in public as a warning and lesson to all members of the mission. Toypurina, Nicolás José and leaders Chief Tomasajaquichi of Juvit village and Alijivit, from Jajamovit, were all put on trial.

When questioned about the attack, Toypurina responded in a stinging statement that became famous: she participated because "[she hated] the padres and all of you, for living here on my native soil, for trespassing upon the land of my forefathers and despoiling our tribal domains. . . . I came [to the mission] to inspire the dirty cowards to fight, and not to quail at the sight of Spanish sticks that spit fire and death, nor [to] retch at the evil smell of gunsmoke—and be done with you white invaders!" This quote appeared in Thomas Workman Temple II's article “Toypurina the Witch and the Indian Uprising at San Gabriel”. Other historians have argued that it is likely a mistranslation and an embellishment of her statement. According to the soldier who recorded her words, she said that she ‘‘was angry with the Padres and the others of the Mission, because they had come to live and establish themselves in her land.’’

Spanish officials convicted her and the three men of leading the attack. The three men were held at the prison (presidio) in San Diego, and Toypurina was held at the prison in San Gabriel while they awaited word of their punishment. In June 1788, nearly three years later, their sentences arrived from Mexico City: Nicolás José was banned from San Gabriel and sentenced to six years of hard labor in irons at the most distant penitentiary in the region. Toypurina was banished from Mission San Gabriel and sent to the most distant Spanish mission.

Later life
According to trial records, Toypurina was coerced into being baptized in 1787 while held at Mission San Gabriel. Shortly after, she was moved to Mission San Carlos Borromeo. Two years after her baptism, she married a Spanish soldier named Manuel Montero, who had been serving at el Pueblo de Los Angeles. They received a tract of land from the governor. They lived in Monterey and had 3 children together (Cesario, Juana de Dios, and Maria Clementina). Scholars have debated whether Toypurina's marriage was a sign of her accepting Catholicism and Spanish ways, or whether the marriage was one of convenience. Toypurina may have accepted marriage as a way to protect herself from the often harsh conditions of Spanish missions or maybe she loved him. On May 22, 1799, Toypurina died at age 39 at Mission San Juan Bautista in Alta California.

Her direct lineal descendants are alive and currently enrolled in the Kizh tribe.

Legacy
Following the Spanish authorities’ arrest of twenty-one Gabrieliños on the night of the rebellion, four of the Indians identified by guards as revolt leaders were interrogated in early January 1786. Thomas Workman Temple II, a genealogist and descendant of some of the first Spanish residents at the mission in Alta California, was the first scholar to study testimony from the interrogation. He published an article about Toypurina, “Toypurina the Witch and the Indian Uprising at San Gabriel” (1958). Although scholars believe Temple may have exaggerated certain events, his account is believed to be one of the most complete about this rebellion. It has been cited as a major reference in subsequent articles and books.

Toypurina has become a symbol to Californians and other Americans of Gabrieliño resistance to the missions. She is a central figure among California Native women who protested against Spanish colonialism.

She lived within a matriarchal power structure in which women were at the center of a tribe's ritual and spiritual life. After Toypurina's death, Native American women formed a religious-political movement that awarded power and influence to female deities and entrusted women with maintaining the health and well-being of their communities. As William Bauer writes in Toypurina, she “emerges from the historical record as a woman who not only confronted Spanish expansion in southern California but also charted a path for her survival and the endurance of her people.”

Well-known accounts of Toypurina's rebellion often depict her as a treacherous witch or seductive sorceress, including Temple's article, regarded as one of the most influential for subsequent writings on the Native woman. Toypurina's resistance against the colonial authorities through medicine and dialogue was consistent with the women's “other means of creating counter-histories,” such as through “oral and visual traditions”. These are how subjected women under the Spanish missions succeeded in remaining within the collective memories and resist throughout generations. In “Engendering the History of Alta California, 1769-1848,” Antonia Castañeda suggests that “women themselves used witchcraft as a means of subverting the socio-sexual order sanctioned by religion and enshrined in the colonial honor code." She said that using “sexualized magic to control men and subvert the male order by symbolically using their own bodies” was their way of re-asserting their power physically, in face of the overbearing colonial rule.

References in other media
In the early 21st century, Toypurina has become somewhat of a pop icon for Native American female resistance in her region. Many sketches and cartoons of her appear on Google Images.

On either side of El Monte, Toypurina is celebrated through monumental works of public art: Raul González, Ricardo Estrada, and Joséph “Nuke” Montalvo painted a 60-by-20-foot mural entitled Conoce Tus Raíces (2009) (Spanish for “Know Your Roots”) in Boyle Heights. The mural was completed on the main wall of Ramona Gardens, a public housing complex historically inhabited by Mexican and Latino families. Toypurina is portrayed in a portrait at the center of the work of Art, flashing a defiant stare and proud posture. This mural is in the center of the community's numerous activities, such as children enjoying the new library of the period, and other young residents’ playing sports. One of the mural's creators characterized Toypurina as incarnating “the ultimate strength, the woman fighter, the mother who protects her children from harm at Ramona Gardens.”

Judy Baca, Chicana artist and Gabrieliño traditionalist, designed a 20-foot arch and a 100-foot plaza prayer mound named Danzas Indígenas (Indigenous Dances, 1993), which is installed on a Metrolink commuter train platform in Baldwin Park. The memorial was dedicated to Toypurina, and also conceived as a reference to the nearby San Gabriel Mission's historical archway. Some have hinted at the irony of the memorial's location, a commuter train platform, which is typically associated with anonymity, unfamiliarity, transience, and separation of family, home, and work, in contrast with Native tribes’ communitarian organization. Baca described her work as seeking to “put memory back into a piece of the land.” She created a stone mound in her installation specifically as a replica of a stone mound that Gabrieliños would have used for prayer.

Chilean author Isabel Allende referred to Toypurina in her novel Zorro (2005). The book begins with the attack on the San Gabriel Mission, said to have taken place in 1790. Don Alejandro de la Vega, Spanish defense leader, spares Toypurina and nurses her back to health. After three years of being converted to Christianity at the distant mission, Toypurina takes the baptismal name Regina, returns to California and marries Don Alejandro. The couple are initially shown to be in love, but the marriage declines. In this novel, they have one child together, Diego - the future Zorro. He is strongly influenced by his mother's teaching him the ways of her people.

On January 13, 2007, the Studio for Southern California History included Toypurina as one of the many women who made significant contributions to California history.

In 2014 the play Toypurina, about her life, premiered at the San Gabriel Mission Playhouse.

title: Toypurina


text:
User:Dreadlockdave

David is spreading a positive vibration through his grooving, acoustic, folkedelicfunkpop melodies while exploring a myriad of textural soundscapes. His styles range from on voice with a guitar to elaborate orchestrations performed with everything from ancient gourd instruments to the latest electronics, all displayed on his two solo releases, DAVID (1999) & ONE LOVE (2001). David's love and interest of music spans almost all of his life from the beginning with a ukulele and piano lessons at age five to the high school band president excelling in both woodwind and brass instruments, through years at The University of Akron and Cuyahoga Community College studying jazz and electric bass as well as listening to his father play, sing and perform in Barbershop Quartets and Choruses for all his life. David has spent the last decade devoting his time and energy to performing at least 150 shows per year with a multitude of original musical acts throughout the Northeast, at the same time creating an original sound for himself. David's current projects include; being the founder of Waterband, the positive "folkedelicfunkpop" power trio, bassist/vocalist for Rebels Without Applause, a classic party band that's been a staple in Cleveland, creative visionary for Tall Crazy Dread, an all improvisation multi-media group and one third of the funky trio, The New Lamonts. Although David is well versed as a multi-instrumentalist his passion is the bass guitar,he spends a majority of his time instructing students in the art of bass guitar.

title: User:Dreadlockdave


text:
Stephane Groueff

Stephane Groueff (May 22, 1922 – May 2, 2006) was a writer, journalist and a political refugee, born in Sofia, Bulgaria.

Biography
He was studying law in the University of Geneva when the communists seized power in his country in 1944. His father was Chief of Cabinet of King Boris III and was executed by the communists in 1945. Groueff lived in exile for 46 years: first in Switzerland and later in France and the US. He did not return to Bulgaria until 1990 after the collapse of the communist regime. He was a reporter for the "Paris-Match" magazine and after traveling extensively as a foreign correspondent, he became its New York Bureau chief for 20 years until 1978. He also worked for Radio Free Europe, was a contributor to the Bulgarian Service of BBC and was active in a few emigre organizations and publications in exile.

He was the first Bulgarian to visit Antarctica as a journalist and to have set foot on the South Pole; after Mario Anton Weller, MS-a Bulgarian American- who went to the Antarctic in 1971–1972 as chief of the expedition that installed there a satellite tracking station and antenna for the European Space Research Organization whose DG was Hermann Bondi (the project was led by Umberto Montalenti director of ESA's Operation Center). In 2002 the American University in Bulgaria, of which Stephane Groueff was one of the founding Board members, conferred on him the honorary degree Doctor of Humane Letters, and the President of the Republic of Bulgaria decorated him with the "Madara Horseman" order for "...his outstanding contribution to popularizing the Bulgarian culture the world over and promoting history science in Bulgaria and abroad." As a historian of the construction of the first atomic bomb, he was invited as a speaker at the 60th commemoration of the Manhattan Project in Washington D.C. and in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

Groueff is the author of eight non-fiction books in French and English, three of which, Manhattan Project: The Untold Story of the Making of the Atomic Bomb, Crown of Thorns, and My Odyssey were translated in Bulgarian. His autobiographical work, My Odyssey, was published in 2002 in Bulgarian, and in 2003 in English. The book is dedicated to his late brother Simeon, who "chose the harder road and lived in Bulgaria until his last breath." The author adds: "My destiny was to have an unusually diverse and colorful life, with many rewards, professional and personal. My odyssey has also its sad stages, but as a whole it is a lucky and happy one."

Personal life
In 1957, he married Lillian Fox, a fashion model of the 1940s who became an interior designer. She was previously married to Philip Henry Isles (1912–1989), grandson of Philip Lehman and member of the Lehman banking family. They had one child together, Paul Groueff, He also had three stepchildren from her first marriage: Jill Isles Blanchard, Tina Isles Barney, and Philip Henry Isles II (married to Alexandra Moltke).

Groueff became a naturalized American citizen and lived in the last years before his death at age 83 in Southampton, New York. His wife, Lil, died the next day) at the age of 89.

title: Stephane Groueff


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Linda Solomon

Linda Solomon (born May 10, 1937, Boston, Massachusetts) is an American music critic and editor. Although she has written about various aspects of popular culture, her main focus has been on folk music, blues, R&B, jazz and country music. Living at 95 Christopher Street in Greenwich Village during the early 1960s, she became a columnist for The Village Voice, capturing Village night life in club reviews for the weekly "Riffs" column.

"The Bet" is a memoir by Ted White describing Harlan Ellison, Linda Solomon and others involved in a curious incident at 95 Christopher in 1960. White wrote:
 * That summer Harlan found his own apartment -- three doors up the street, in a building with an elevator. And he met a woman, Linda Solomon, who also lived in the same building. Linda would go on to a career of her own in writing and editing, but that was mostly ahead of her in 1960. Linda had a small but well-selected record collection, containing a goodly amount of jazz.

A dispute over the bandleader on one record in Solomon's collection prompted Ellison to bet his entire record collection against a single album in White's collection.

Ellison also mentioned her briefly in his memoir "Memos From Purgatory."

Reviews
She began doing record reviews in the early 1960s. Her Village Voice review of The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan (1963) has been quoted in several books, including David Hajdu's Positively 4th Street: The Lives and Times of Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, Mimi Baez Fariña and Richard Fariña  (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001):
 * He stands outside his problems and writes a credo for people to live by. The emotional understatement in his voice emphasizes the power of his lyrics and his genuine concern for the state of the world.

ABC-TV Hootenanny
In 1963-64, Solomon edited ABC-TV Hootenanny, a magazine featuring the folk musicians who appeared on the television series Hootenanny, telecast on ABC from April 6, 1963 to September 12, 1964. For one of the magazine's cover stories she interviewed Chad Mitchell and asked, "I've heard criticism of the Chad Mitchell Trio to the extent that politics and entertainment don't mix, that people come to a club or concert to be entertained and not to be confronted with the troubles of the world. Do you feel that your group is becoming too messagey?"

Mitchell responded:
 * Different people seem to be entertained by different things. For some, an hour of juggling and trained animal acts is a fine evening's entertainment. Others prefer an evening with Mort Sahl, Lenny Bruce or Shelley Berman. The success of these performers seems to indicate that entertainment and socio-political themes do mix. It's simply a matter of taste as to what you prefer. As for becoming messagey, satire has been a traditional art form for hundreds of years, and by definition ridicules a social or political point of view or event. We are simply following in the footsteps of the goliards of the Middle Ages, the Jonathan Swifts of the post-Restoration era and the Julius Monks of the 1960s.

Contributors to ABC-TV Hootenanny included Theodore Bikel and Jean Shepherd. At the same time that Solomon was editing ABC-TV Hootenanny, her friend Robert Shelton, with Lynn Musgrave, edited a different magazine with a similar title, Hootenanny. While Shelton and Musgrave covered the full range of folk music, Solomon's magazine mainly focused on the musicians booked on the ABC series. This included such talents as the Anchormen, Eddy Arnold, Theodore Bikel, Oscar Brand, The Brothers Four, the Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem, Judy Collins, the Cumberland Three, Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs, Pete Fountain, Judy Henske, Jim Kweskin & the Jug Band, the Limeliters, the Smothers Brothers and Doc Watson.

NME
In addition to work as a publicist for Chess Records, Solomon was the New York editor of NME during the 1970s. She has been a freelance contributor to numerous magazines and newspapers, including Celebrity, Country Music, Crawdaddy!, Down Beat, Hit Parader, NME, The News World, Nostalgia Illustrated, SoHo Weekly News and Us. Reviewing country singer-songwriter James Talley for the February 4, 1979 issue of The News World, she wrote:
 * If you like Carl Sandburg, Woody Guthrie, Jimmy Reed and Little Feat, you'll probably like James Talley, his songs and his albums... his writing is a home run that touches base for most people. Simplicity is the key, but his lyrics are deceptively simple.

She has written liner notes for folk music recordings, such as All Star Hootenanny (Columbia, 1964), along with liner notes for such recording artists as Charlie Byrd, John Handy, Mahalia Jackson and Charlie Rich.

After 39 years living in New York's Greenwich Village, Solomon relocated to Houston, Texas in 1999.

Her father was the author-psychiatrist Dr. Philip Solomon, and her maternal uncle was the WPA artist Aaron Gelman.

title: Linda Solomon


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pope Urban ll

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy Delete. --Doc (?) 11:03, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Pope Urban ll
Speedy delete. Nonsense. It's... Thelb4! 17:53, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation

Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation (also known as Grassy Narrows First Nation or the Asabiinyashkosiwagong Nitam-Anishinaabeg in the Ojibwe language) is an Ojibwe First Nations band government who inhabit northern Kenora in Ontario, Canada. Their landbase is the 4145 ha English River 21 Indian Reserve. It has a registered population of 1,595 as of October 2019, of which the on-reserve population was 971. As of October 2023, the community had a registered population of 1,608. They are a signatory to Treaty 3.

Overview of environmental disaster
Generations of Grassy Lakes continue to suffer from the physical, social, and economic costs of the discharge of approximately ten tons of mercury into the Wabigoon River between 1962 and 1970 by the Dryden pulp and paper mill, 100 km upstream of Grassy Narrows, poisoning the water and the fish—the staple food of the Grassy Narrows First Nations.

The community was under a long-term drinking water advisory from about 2013 through October 2020, when it was lifted. In the spring of 2020 the federal government reached an agreement with Grassy Narrows to "build a $20 million clinic for those suffering from mercury poisoning".

Governance
Chief Randy Fobister was elected in 2020, There are four councillors, Cody Keewatin, Art Anderson, Roy Assin, and Arnold Pahpasay Jr.

The First Nation is a member of the Bimose Tribal Council, a regional non-political Chief's Council, who is a member of the Grand Council of Treaty 3, a political organization.

The reserve is also part of the provincial riding of Kenora-Rainy River and federal riding of Kenora.

Indigenous law
In April 2021, the nation enacted the Alcohol Inagonigaawin, a traditional Anishinaabe law on alcohol possession departing from the Canadian Indian Act regulations. The law limits alcohol possession to 750 millilitres of wine, one 12-pack of beer, or 26 ounces of liquor spirits, with those in violation of the law to go before a traditional, community justice panel.

Original history
The Asubpeeschoseewagong people themselves say that they have always lived along the Wabigoon River, a river that flows from Raleigh Lake past Dryden, Ontario on Wabigoon Lake to join the English River. It is located northeast of Lake of the Woods.

Historians believe that the ancestors of the Northern Ojibway first encountered Europeans near what is now Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario and thus were given the name Saulteaux. Their territory was on the northern shore of the Great Lakes from the Michipicoten Bay of Lake Superior to the Georgian Bay of Lake Huron. Participation in the North American fur trade was initially through trading of furs trapped by other tribes, but soon the Saulteaux acquired trapping skills and emigrated to their present location as they sought productive trapping grounds.

1800s
In 1871, Grassy Narrows First Nation, together with other Ojibway tribes, made a treaty with the Canadian government, The Crown, in the person of Queen Victoria, giving up aboriginal title to a large tract of land in northwestern Ontario and eastern Manitoba, Treaty 3 between Her Majesty the Queen and the Saulteaux Tribe of the Ojibbeway Indians at the Northwest Angle on the Lake of the Woods with Adhesions. In exchange a spacious tract of land, as much as a square mile of land for each family, in a favourable location on the Wabigoon-English River system was reserved for the use of the tribe. Tribal members were allowed to hunt, fish, and trap on unused portions of their former domain; the government undertook to establish schools; and to give ammunition for hunting, twine to make nets, agricultural implements and supplies, and a small amount of money to the tribe. Alcoholic beverages were strictly forbidden.

On original Treaty 3 lands, the cycle of seasonal activities and traditional cultural practices of the Ojibway were followed. The people continued to live off the land in the traditional life style. Each clan lived in log cabins in small clearings; often it was .5 mi to the nearest neighbour. Each parcel was selected for access to fishing and hunting grounds and for suitability for gardening. The winters were spent trapping for the Hudson's Bay Company, the summer gardening and harvesting wild blueberries which together with skins were sold for supplies. Potatoes were grown on a community plot. In the fall, wild rice was harvested from the margins of the rivers and finished for storage. Muskrat were plentiful and trapped for pelts and food. There were deer and moose on the reserve which were hunted for meat and supplemented by fish. Work was available as hunting and fishing guides and cleaning tourist lodges. White people seldom entered the reserve except for the treaty agent who visited once a year. The only access to the reserve was by canoe or plane.

The Ojibway had yielded ownership of their territory to Canada, through the signing in 1873 of Treaty 3. Treaty 3 gave the Ojibway the "right to harvest the non-reserve lands that they had yielded in exchange until such lands were "taken up" for settlement, industry, or other government purposes."

1900-1950
From 1876 to 1969 schooling was at McIntosh Indian Residential School, a residential school in McIntosh, Ontario. The school property consisted of 320 acres located at the southeast end of Canyon Lake on a small bay. There was a CNR station not far from the school. A trail was created to link the school. The main access to the school was by a barge, that brought supplies, equipment, livestock and students.

In 1912, the land, which is now known as the Keewatin, was annexed to the province of Ontario.

Until the late 1940s, the Grassy Narrows' community had "maintained economic autonomy." In 1947 to 1948, the Government of Ontario, implemented "resource management and licensing" through  the Ontario Department of Lands and Fisheries—in 1972, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

1950-2000
In 1963, the federal government relocated the Grassy Narrows band to a new reserve adjacent to the English-Wabigoon River.

Between 1962 and 1970, Dryden Chemicals Ltd—a subsidiary of the  British multinational—Reed International, discharged approximately nine or ten tons of mercury into the Wabigoon River, 100 km upstream of Grassy Narrows, poisoning the fish which were the staple food of the Grassy Narrows First Nations. It is "one of Canada's worst environmental disasters".

In 1975, Dr. Masazumi Harada tested mercury levels in Grassy Meadows community members and found that they were "more than three times the Health Canada limit in Grassy Narrows and seven times the limit in nearby Whitedog". Harada returned to do more testing 2004, and found that "all of the people who had tested over the limit were dead." In response to these tests, Leo Bernier, who was the Ontario Minister of Natural Resources in 1975, said on CBC's As It Happens that there were "no real damages" to the First Nations of the Grassy Narrows and White Dog areas and that the federal authorities had verified that.

In 1984, the environment minister at that time, said that the river was cleaning itself, and there was no need for government intervention.

In 1985, the Reed Paper Company that bought-out the Dryden Pulp and Paper Company and its sister-company Dryden Chemical Company, Great Lakes Forest Products, the governments of Canada and Ontario provided approximately $17 million compensation to the Grassy Narrows and Wabaseemoong First Nations as part of a legal settlement for the health effects of mercury in their communities. In 1985, the province of Ontario granted the Dryden mill and any future owners a broad indemnity, assuming all environmental liabilities related to the mill and its mercury dumping."

In her 1985 book, Poison Stronger than Love: The Destruction of an Ojibwa Community, Anastasia Shkilnyk described the deterioration of the morale of the community, the unraveling of their social fabric, and finally the devastation wrought by mercury contamination of the river watershed and the poisoning of the fish upon which the community depended. Using statistical data on "violent death, illness, and family breakdown", Shkilnyk traced the history and described the "devastating impacts of mercury contamination on the health and livelihood of the Grassy Narrows.

In 1997, the Government of Ontario issued a forestry licence for clear-cutting to Abitibi-Consolidated Inc.

In the late 20th century the ownership of the industry transferred from Reed Paper Company to other companies, including brief ownership (1998-2000) by Weyerhaeuser Co. and lengthier ownership by Bowater until circa 2007.

2000s
In 2002, community members began the Grassy Narrows road blockade to prevent clearcutting on their territory. The blockade was ongoing in 2023.

In 2005, Grassy Narrows filed a legal challenge against the province of Ontario in regards to the license granted to Abitibi-Consolidated in an "effort to stop the logging", which initially succeeded. The Ontario Court of Appeal overturned this ruling saying that "s. 109 of the Constitution Act, 1867 provides Ontario with ownership of crown lands in Ontario." The court found that Ontario also has provincial jurisdiction in natural resources and was therefore "entitled to sell the land". The province of Ontario began discussions with Grassy Narrows on September 8, 2007 on "forestry-related issues." with former Supreme Court of Canada and Federal Court of Canada Chief Justice Frank Iacobucci lead the discussions. The focus was on "sustainable forest management partnership models and other forestry-related matters, including harvesting methods, interim protection for traditional activities and economic development."

In the early 2010s, the government of Ontario had ordered the Weyerhaeuser Company and Resolute Forest Products—previously known as AbitibiBowater Inc., which in turn was Abitibi-Consolidated before merging with Bowater—to clean a "mercury waste-disposal site" near Grassy Narrows First Nation "where toxic material from a pulp-and-paper mill’s operations entered the English-Wabigoon river system in the 1960s."

In a unanimous July 2014 decision by the Supreme Court of Canada, in Grassy Narrows First Nation v. Ontario (Natural Resources), the justices "determined that Ontario had the jurisdiction to take up Treaty 3 land and therefore had the right to "limit First Nation harvesting rights."

A 2016 confidential report by an environmental consulting firm, commissioned by Domtar—who have owned and operated the Dryden pulp and paper mill since 2007—revealed that Ontario provincial authorities "knew decades ago that the site of the mill was contaminated with mercury," according to a 2017 article in the Star. The report included archival reports from the mill which showed that ground water samples collected by the company over many years had "extremely high mercury levels". In February 2016, Ontario's Ministry of the Environment said that there was no need for remediation other than natural sedimentation. That summer, Kas Glowacki, who has since collaborated on research regarding the mercury poisoning, reported that when he worked for the mill in the early 1970s, he had been "part of a group who 'haphazardly' dumped drums filled with salt and mercury into a pit behind the mill".

In a 4-3 decision on December 6, 2019, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that Weyerhaeuser Company and Resolute Forest Products—previously known as Abitibi-Consolidated are responsible for cleaning the mercury-contaminated site near Grassy Narrows First Nation. According to Global News, the Court decision "brought some clarity to a long-running dispute over one element of the legacy of environmental poisoning that has caused significant health problems for many residents."

A 2023 study showed that the intergenerational effects of Methylmercury poisoning on Grassy Narrows children’s mental health, including risk of attempting suicide.

Timber extraction
On September 8, 2007, Ontario announced that it "had agreed to begin discussions with Grassy Narrows First Nation on forestry-related issues." The provincial government appointed former Supreme Court of Canada and Federal Court of Canada Chief Justice Frank Iacobucci to lead these discussions. Iacobucci's discussions with Grassy Narrows would focus on, "sustainable forest management partnership models and other forestry-related matters, including harvesting methods, interim protection for traditional activities and economic development."

The reserve's other environmental concern is the mass extraction of trees for paper. Abitibi-Consolidated has been harvesting trees in the area. Local protestors have complained to the company and the Ministry of Natural Resources to demand a selective process. The community fears mass logging will lead to damage to local habitat.

On August 17, 2011, First Nation supporters won a victory in court, when "Ontario's Superior Court ruled that the province cannot authorize timber and logging if the operations infringe on federal treaty promises protecting aboriginal rights to traditional hunting and trapping." There were no immediate injunctions issued to stop logging activity, however.

In December 2014, a request for an individual environmental assessment into the impact of clear-cut logging was denied by the province. Later released documents, after freedom of information requests, revealed concerns by local biologists that were never followed up on.

Local services and transportation
The reserve is connected to areas beyond by local roads connecting with Highway 671. This highway provides connection to Kenora, 68.7 km to the south.

The closest airport is Kenora Airport and provides connections to other large communities including Thunder Bay and Winnipeg.

The reserve has one school, Sakatcheway Anishinabe School, the serves students from junior kindergarten to grade 12. From 1876 to 1969 McIntosh Indian Residential School was the closest school in McIntosh, Ontario.

A medical centre provides basic health care to residents and open Monday to Friday. There is no hospital on the reserve; thus, more advanced care requires transfers to Kenora.

Treaty Three Police Service provides policing for the reserve.

Mercury contamination in Grassy Narrows, Ontario, Canada

The First Nations people experienced mercury poisoning from Dryden Chemical Company, a chloralkali process plant, located in Dryden that supplied both sodium hydroxide and chlorine used in large amounts for bleaching paper during production for the Dryden Pulp and Paper Company. The Dryden Chemical company discharged their effluent into the Wabigoon-English River system. It is believed that approximately 10 tons (20,000 pounds) of mercury was dumped into the Wabigoon River system between 1962 and 1970. Both the paper and chemical companies ceased operations in 1976, after 14 years of operations. However, time has not lowered the levels of mercury in the Wabigoon River system as the paper and pulp industry in Dryden and the Canadian government had originally told the residents. Workers from the industry have admitted that there are a multitude of hidden mercury containers near the Wabigoon River that have caused health problems among the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation community to be a continuous issue. The waste from the industry upstream has not merely affected the Wabigoon River system, the mercury contamination has also infected water sources that the Wabigoon River system feeds into such as Clay Lake and Ed Wilson Landing. Additionally, the chemical waste from the industry in Dryden has impacted the health of the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation peoples, as well as the Wabaseemoong First Nation community (Wabaseemoong Independent Nations) further downstream.

The mercury poisoning among the two First Nations communities was possible due to the lax laws regarding environmental pollution. The former spokesman for Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, Chris Bentley claimed that the policies pertaining to the environment have since been amended to prevent occurrences like the disposal of mercury by the pulp and paper industry in Dryden.

Conversely, the mercury contamination by the pulp and paper industry may be defined as environmental racism.

The Ontario provincial government has initially told the First Nation community to stop eating fish — their main source of protein — and closed down their commercial fishery. In 90%+ unemployment rate in 1970, closing of the commercial fishery meant economic disaster for the Indian reserve. In other words, the closure of the fishery affected the once-booming tourism industry, where locals acted as guides for out of town fisherman. Ivy Keewatin claimed that on the guided tours that she once conducted, she would take the attendees to a particular area in order to eat deep-fried pickerel (walleye). That being said, it is due to the fact that the soil in the river and the sediment contains high levels of mercury that the fish in the Wabigoon River system may no longer be safely be ingested. Therefore, it is because the Indigenous guides did not feel comfortable suggesting that tourists eat the fish contaminated with mercury and because the tourists did not wish to ingest fish with high levels of mercury that the fishing tourist industry no longer exists in the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation community.

Grassy Narrows First Nation received a settlement in 1985 from the Government of Canada and the Reed Paper Company that bought-out the Dryden Pulp and Paper Company and its sister-company Dryden Chemical Company. Moreover, in June 2017, the Ontario government pledged $85 million to clean up the industrial mercury contamination. However, the mercury was never removed from the water and continues to affect the health of Grassy Narrows residents. Government agencies responsible for the cleanup and study of the mercury pollution in the Wabigoon River system fear that dredging the sediments in the Wabigoon River may increase the levels of mercury downstream. Thus, it is because the government entities do not wish to pollute the Wabigoon River system furthermore that the lack of cleanup is strategic rather than malicious.

The amount of mercury present in fish as of 2012 was low according to Health Canada, that being said, a health advisory still remains in effect. Consumption of fish continues in the area, particularly pickerel (walleye), the local favourite, but it is high on the food chain and therefore contains high levels of mercury. Walleye remains dangerous for those with long-term exposure to the consumption of the fish as walleye contains approximately 13-15 times the recommended levels of mercury. In particular, it is because the walleye are roughly 40-90 times the advisable mercury intake limit for pregnant women, children and women who hope to bear offspring that the walleye is predominately hazardous. Some of the health issues associated with the consumption of the mercury infested fish in the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation community includes numbness, hearing loss, headaches, dizziness and limb cramps. Additionally, studies have found that the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation have experienced hypertension, stroke, as well as lung, stomach, psychiatric, orthopedic and heart diseases due to eating fish with high levels of mercury. Though there have been obvious health issues associated with the consumption of fish from the Wabigoon River system, Ed Wilson Landing, and Clay Lake, the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation community continue to eat the fish from these bodies of water as the community cannot afford to obtain boats in order to fish farther away from the infected waterways or afford pricey groceries.

Factors that may contribute to the ongoing consumption of fish in this region include the socioeconomic status of some members of the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation and the role of fish as a cultural symbol.

title: Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation


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Baie-Comeau Airport

Baie-Comeau Airport is located 5 NM south southwest of Baie-Comeau, Quebec, near the St. Lawrence River.

title: Baie-Comeau Airport


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File:Houseofpainfinemaltlyrics.jpg

Fair use in House of Pain (album)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Houseofpainfinemaltlyrics.jpg