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Virus (Argentine band)

Virus is an Argentine new wave music band founded in 1979, led by Federico Moura until his death on December 21, 1988, from AIDS-related complications. His brother Marcelo then became lead singer, until the band gave its final performance on September 29, 1990, in a support slot to David Bowie. An instant hit, they represented along Soda Stereo and other upcoming bands from the moment the New Wave sound which contrasted with the previous staple rock genres of the preceding decades.

Roberto Jacoby wrote the group's lyrics from its beginning. Some of their best-known songs are "Amor Descartable," "Wadu Wadu," "Hay que salir del agujero interior," "Una luna de miel en la mano," "¿Qué hago en Manila?," "Sin Disfraz," "Imágenes paganas," and "Mirada Speed."

Beginnings
The history of the Virus band dates back to 1979, when the Marabunta band decided to merge with the Las Violetas band to create a new group called "Duro", a band made up of Laura Gallegos (vocals), Julio Moura (guitar and backing vocals), Ricardo Serra (guitar), Marcelo Moura (percussion and backing vocals), Mario Serra (drums) and Enrique Mugetti (bass).

While they were satisfied with the sound of their music, they believed that they should have a male singer, so they started looking for a new singer. They finally asked Federico Moura to be the new singer and leader of the group, a request that Federico Moura accepted. Later Federico, decided to return to Argentina. Laura Gallegos left the position of singer in the band, and Marcelo Moura went from percussion to keyboards, however Mario Serra continued to be the band's drummer. Before going to look for Federico Moura in Brazil, Julio and Moura worked as qualified painters in the more affluent area of City Bell.

With Federico as singer, the band decided to change the name "Duro" to "Virus". The new name arose because Julio Moura had contracted a strong flu on a trip and his friends joked with him, saying "Virus". The band rehearsed intensively for a year, and officially debuted on January 11, 1980, at a club in the city of La Plata, just the same day that Marcelo turned 20.

On September 21, 1981, Virus made their first public presentation at the Prima Rock Festival, in Ezeiza, Buenos Aires. At that festival, the sound and aesthetics of Virus were not well received by the audience that attended (who were almost entirely hippies). The attendees began to throw oranges at them and turned their backs on them. As Federico kicked the oranges aimed at him, he provoked the audience by saying, "I'll lift' my ass off the floor, and we danced a bit. Show how you make your legs shake!". According to Marcelo Moura's stories, I walk down the stage crying Federico told him: "Boludo (phrase commonly used in Argentina), didn't you realize that while they threw oranges at us they were dancing?."

Virus reunited in 1994 and has had some sporadic activity, without recovering its previous popularity. Their latest album, Caja Negra (2006) features live versions of their classics, together with five new studio tracks, with invited artists influenced by the band: Ale Sergi (Miranda!), Adrián Dárgelos (Babasónicos), Pity Álvarez (Intoxicados) and Ciro Pertusi (Attaque 77).

Members

 * Current members
 * Marcelo Moura — lead vocals (1987–present), keyboards, synthesizers, piano, percussion, vocals (1980-2004), bass, guitar (1995-2006)
 * Julio Moura — guitar, percussion, vocals (1980–present), keyboards (1980-2009)
 * Daniel Sbarra — guitar, keyboards, synthesizers, percussion, backing vocals 1984–1988, 1994–present)
 * Ariel Naon — bass, contrabass, backing vocals (2006–present), guitar, keyboards (2009–present)
 * Fernando Monteleone — keyboards, synthesizers, programming, backing vocals (2006–present)
 * Nicolás Méndez — drums, percussion (2009–present)

 * Former members
 * Federico Moura — lead vocals, guitar, bass, keyboards, synthesizers, percussion (1980-1987, died 1988)
 * Ricardo Serra — guitar, backing vocals (1980-1984)
 * Pablo Mugica — bass, percussion, backing vocals (1989-1990)
 * Enrique Mugetti — bass (1980-1989, 1994–2004), keyboards, synthesizers, backing vocals (1980-2004), guitar (1995-2004)
 * Mario Serra — drums, percussion, backing vocals (1980-1995)
 * Aitor Graña — drums, percussion, programming (1995-2006)
 * Ludo Isod — drums, percussion (2006-2009)
 * Patricio Fontana — keyboards, synthesizers (1994-1995), bass, guitar (1995-2004)

Discography

 * Wadu-Wadu (1981)
 * Recrudece (1982)
 * Agujero interior (1983)
 * Relax (1984)
 * Locura (1985)
 * Virus vivo (1986)
 * Superficies de placer (1987)
 * Tierra del fuego (1989)
 * Virus vivo 2 (1997, recorded 1986)
 * Nueve (1998)
 * Obras cumbres (2000). Compilation.
 * Caja negra (2006). Live collaborations + five new studio tracks

title: Virus (Argentine band)


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KUER-FM

KUER-FM (90.1 MHz) is a public radio station in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. Owned by the University of Utah, its studios are located in the Eccles Broadcast Center on the University of Utah campus, while its main transmitter is located on Farnsworth Peak; an extensive transmitter network rebroadcasts its signal across Utah. KUER-FM features programming from NPR and other public radio distributors as well as local news coverage for Utah.

KUER-FM began broadcasting on June 5, 1960, as an educational station emphasizing classical music. It became a regional service in 1962 when its transmitter was moved to Mount Vision in the Oquirrh Mountains. After two financial crises that almost forced the station off the air, KUER evolved substantially in the 1970s and 1980s with the creation of NPR, a shift to a hybrid format of daytime classical and nighttime jazz music, each featuring long-tenured personalities. In 1993, it moved out of cramped quarters in historic Kingsbury Hall and into the new Eccles Broadcast Center.

Over the course of the 1990s, KUER-FM's program offerings came under threat from new competition: classical music listeners were defecting to KBYU-FM, while the new KCPW provided a challenge to KUER's NPR talk offerings. In response to falling ratings, classical music was removed from the schedule in 2001—triggering listener outcry but not a significant decline in donations. At the same time, the station created RadioWest, a local and regional news discussion program focusing on Utah and the Western United States. The remaining music, nightly jazz, was removed from KUER's lineup in 2015.

Early history
The regents of the University of Utah (UofU) approved in November 1959 an application to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to establish an FM radio station on the campus. The FCC awarded the construction permit in January 1960. On June 4, 1960, KUER-FM was authorized to begin program testing. It made its first broadcast the next day, June 5, consisting of a dedication program and the university's commencement ceremonies, simulcast with KUED. The studios in Kingsbury Hall had previously been used to run a carrier current station on the campus. In its initial period of operation, KUER broadcast for six hours a day, five days a week, with classical music and discussion programs as the primary programming. One regular feature was Chapter a Day, in which a chapter of a selected book was read each day; another was music instruction for students. The station made two large leaps in its early years: expanding to an 11-hour weekday program schedule and adding weekend broadcasts in April 1961 and relocating its transmitter from Kingsbury Hall to Mount Vision in the Oquirrh Mountains in 1962, improving reception in Salt Lake City and extending coverage along the Wasatch Front to Ogden and Provo. During this period, KUER was primarily run by students, though it was not targeted at the student audience. The lack of programming for this group led to a push to start a new carrier current outlet, "KUTE", aimed at campus interests. In 1968, The On Campus Show debuted, in part to serve as a vehicle for student action; it was the first such program in KUER's history.

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, KUER almost ran out of money twice after the station was removed from the university's uniform school fund. Beginning in the 1967–68 school year, the station was funded by the Intermountain Regional Medical Program, which used KUER to broadcast postgraduate courses in medicine to physicians, but this was supplanted by direct telephone lines to hospitals. The medical program continued to provide $5,000 annually in support to the station through 1972, when it ceased providing money, raising the possibility of the station being shuttered. The station survived with funding from the Associated Students of the University of Utah and, beginning in the 1972–73 school year, became entirely student-operated, with some 70 volunteers and—for the first time—opportunity to earn course credits for working at KUER.

Going public and going statewide
In May 1971, KUER joined the new National Public Radio network and began carrying its first program, All Things Considered. It became a seven-day-a-week operation with Saturday programming beginning in 1972 and began broadcasting at higher power and in stereo in 1974. A 24-hour programming schedule followed in 1984.

During the leadership tenure of Don Smith, KUER's first paid employee (in 1962) and station manager between 1975 and 1985, the station adopted a format of daytime classical music, early evening news and information, and nighttime jazz, responding to research into public radio audiences. The classical and jazz sections each had tenured on-air personalities associated with them. Gene Pack started with KUER when it began in June 1960 and remained for 42 years, spending almost all of that time hosting classical music programming. In 1988, Wes Bowen left KSL to join KUER, where he hosted the nightly Just Jazz; the program remained on air into the 2000s. Another jazz program was hosted by Steve Williams from 1984 to 2015; upon his retirement, Scott Pierce of The Salt Lake Tribune hailed Williams as "the pre-eminent local authority on jazz".

In 1982, the station ceased reporting local news in response to NPR budget cuts. This changed four years later when KUER revived a news department, initially using students to gather news. By 1991, student involvement in newsgathering had been reduced again to nothing with the scrapping of a weekly public affairs program, Sunday Journal. In spite of this, many people believed KUER was a student station in its news department.

KUER began laying the groundwork in the late 1970s for a statewide expansion of its programming. In October 1979, it filed for 14 different translators to rebroadcast into communities from Vernal to Washington. The translator network began to roll out in late 1982; there were 19 translators by 1988 and 28 by 1993.

New studios and new competition
During the 1980s, the University of Utah's broadcasting operations were outgrowing their cramped quarters. KUED, which was located separately in the Music Hall, sought new studios as early as 1981, and KUER was similarly facing a lack of space in Kingsbury Hall. After a $5 million gift by Dolores Doré Eccles, ground was broken on the Eccles Broadcast Center in 1989. KUED, KUER-FM, and KULC (channel 9) began broadcasting from the site in 1993.

In November 1992, KUER-FM gained competition for public radio talk listeners in the Salt Lake area. A new station, KCPW (88.3 FM)—an outgrowth of KPCW in Park City—signed on the air, offering what founder Blair Feulner called an "intelligent, all-information format" including such NPR shows as Talk of the Nation and Fresh Air as well as the BBC World Service overnights. Though Feulner disclaimed any competition with KUER-FM, KCPW was seen as a competitor to KUER and, in the late 1990s, began to chip away at KUER's listenership. Meanwhile, classical music listeners were slowly switching to the all-classical music station from Brigham Young University, KBYU-FM. In response, Greene proposed a reduction in classical programming, which met with opposition from some listeners. Later that year, KUER reduced its classical programming by an hour on afternoons and added The World in its place.

The response to proposed classical cuts, as well as the loss of listeners to KCPW for information and KBYU for classical music, informed Greene's decision to move quickly three years later. On March 16, 2001, with little notice, Greene discontinued KUER's daytime classical programming and replaced it with additional NPR talk shows. Greene justified the decision as a bid to shore up continuing listener erosion as classical listeners switched to KBYU and as providing a more distinctive service statewide. KCPW also protested the change, calling it "predatory" and fearing that duplication among the two stations—of six syndicated programs on weekdays—would harm it financially. The format change resulted in a sharp outcry from listeners and a dip in daytime listening figures, reaching as far as protests with the state Information Technology Commission. It did not dent listener contributions for the fiscal year, even though it was more than halfway complete at the time of the switch. In the first fund drive after the switch, donations reached a record high, in part driven by high demand for news in the wake of the September 11 attacks. Pack remained with KUER, producing an arts calendar and engaging in other behind-the-scenes work, before retiring the next year. In 2006, KUER began broadcasting in HD Radio, and the next year, it began multicasting, including a classical music subchannel.

Switch to all-talk and second station acquisition
In 2015, Steve Williams retired, ending his 31-year tenure with KUER. Concurrently, nighttime jazz programming was dropped and replaced with additional talk programming. It was Greene's last major move as the leader of KUER; he retired in 2017 after a 28-year tenure and was replaced with Maria O'Mara, a former KUER reporter and journalist who had been the communications director for the University of Utah. Leadership of KUER and KUED was combined in 2020 when KUED's general manager, James Morgese, retired.

KUER acquired the license and facility of KCPW in 2023, after that station put itself up for auction for financial reasons. KUER began broadcasting Spanish-language Radio Bilingüe—which had already been airing on an HD subchannel—on the frequency, while Utah Public Radio absorbed KCPW's programming. KCPW's call sign was changed to KUUB.

Funding
In fiscal year 2023, KUER-FM had total revenue of $5,997,000. The Corporation for Public Broadcasting contributed a $463,000 Community Service Grant, and the University of Utah contributed $542,000 in funding. The station received $2,018,000 in donations and $1,129,643 in underwriting revenues and had 13,001 members in 2023. A total of 436 major individual donors donated $737,000 in gifts and bequests.

Programming
KUER's programming during the week consists of public radio talk programs from NPR and other distributors, including Morning Edition, Fresh Air, The World, Marketplace, and All Things Considered. A variety of specialty programs are aired on weekends.

Airing two days a week (Wednesday and Thursday) is RadioWest, a newsmagazine focusing on issues of Utah and the West hosted by Doug Fabrizio. RadioWest debuted on February 1, 2000, initially as a twice-weekly program with reports from KUER and other public radio stations in the western United States, emphasizing longform and narrative features. In May 2001, RadioWest became KUER's first daily local news program, shifting to an hour in a midday timeslot and adding call-in segments. It continued airing at 11 a.m. until 2017, when Diane Rehm retired. The show was moved to an earlier time after Morning Edition, which exacerbated Fabrizio's workload and made it harder to attract guests. In 2019, RadioWest went on hiatus and returned as a weekly program.

Repeaters
KUER-FM is rebroadcast by five full-power FM stations as well as 33 boosters (filling in within the immediate area of the KUER-FM transmitter) and translators throughout Utah.

Two repeaters have histories prior to rebroadcasting KUER-FM. KUEU in Logan went on the air in 2007 as KZCL, repeating Salt Lake City community radio station KRCL to northern Utah. The facility, which had been planned for more than a decade, struggled with engineering issues and the ability to receive a reliable signal of KRCL. It was sold to the UofU in 2011 and became KUEU, rebroadcasting KUER-FM; one local booster of the rebroadcast effort apologized in a letter to the editor for representing KRCL. KUQU, licensed to Enoch and covering St. George and Cedar City, was originally KYLZ, licensed to Parowan. It was silent when the UofU acquired it in 2016 along with its construction permit for the new city of license.

A translator in Pocatello, Idaho, was donated by the University of Utah to Boise State Public Radio in 2022, with the UofU citing difficulty in maintaining a reliable signal from Salt Lake City.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: KUER-FM


text:
Dark cabaret

Dark cabaret is a musical genre that draws on the aesthetics of burlesque, vaudeville and Weimar-era cabaret, with live performances that borrow from the stylings of goth and punk.

Precursors
In a 2019 article for The New York Times writer Christopher R. Weingarten stated that "Any journey into cabaret-punk begins with the work of Bertold Brecht and Kurt Weill". The pair's work merged Weimar-era cabaret with elements of the country's pop music, American jazz music and socialist themes. Weingarten specifically cited the "Alabama Song" (1930), as performed by Lotte Lenya, as a notable precursor, as well as its 1967 cover by rock band the Doors. Furthermore, the 1972 film Cabaret's dark and cynical take on cabaret performance anticipated dark cabaret.

Origins (1970s–1990s)
In his book The Music Sound, academic Nicolae Sfetcu traced the origins of dark cabaret to German musician Nico's 1974 album The End... and its songs "You Forgot to Answer" and "Secret Side". Dave Thompson's review for AllMusic also cited Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel's 1973 album The Human Menagerie as dark cabaret. and The Psychomodo. In the following years, this style was also adopted by Marc Almond, the Virgin Prunes and Nina Hagen. Sex Gang Children, too, incorporated elements of cabaret into their macabre, early 1980s gothic rock sound.

One of the earliest bands to play mainly or exclusively in a style which might now be described as dark cabaret were the Tiger Lillies, formed in London in 1989. In the 1980s satirical cabaret had been revived and popularised by London-based bands such as Fascinating Aïda and Kit and The Widow but the Tiger Lillies incorporated themes of blasphemy, prostitution and bestiality in their songs, sung by Martyn Jacques in a menacing style with a falsetto voice. A collaboration between Rozz Williams and Gitane Demone – both former members of Christian Death, entitled Dream Home Heartache (1995) – was described by reviewers as "cabaret noir" or "glam cabaret".

Mainstream success (2000s)
The late 1990s saw the rise of Neo-Burlesque, which revived interest in cabaret. Appearance of performers such as the Chicago burlesque orchestra Apartment (1997–2005) and the emergence of gothic bellydance. Collaboration with burlesque performers was given by Brian Viglione as the inspiration for the Dresden Dolls' look. By the 2000s, burlesque was receiving a revived mainstream interest, with the films Moulin Rouge! (2001), Big Fish (2003) and A Series Of Unfortunate Events gaining significant attention, the high profile public persona of burlesque dancer Dita Von Teese and the medium being incorporated into music videos released by musical artists including Big Brovaz, the Killers and Modest Mouse.

Dark cabaret as a distinct musical movement began to solidify around the mid-2000s, notably represented by Projekt Records's 2005 compilation album Projekt Presents: A Dark Cabaret, which largely popularised the genre. The album included "Flowers" from Dream Home Heartache sung by Rozz Williams together with, among others, "Evil Night Together" by Jill Tracy, "Sometimes, Sunshine" by Revue Noir, and "Coin-Operated Boy" by the Dresden Dolls. Formed by Amanda Palmer and Brian Viglione in 2000, The Dresden Dolls described their music as "Brechtian punk cabaret", a term coined by Amanda Palmer in early 2003 in part to preclude being labelled by the media as goths. Nevertheless, with their musical style and appearance in white face makeup and reduced period clothing, the Dresden Dolls and their fans quickly became the most readily identified with the newly evident dark cabaret genre, garnering the most mainstream attention. The band's popularity led to an increased interest in prior acts in the genre namely the Tiger Lillies and the World/Inferno Friendship Society, and bands began categorising themselves and their performance as dark cabaret, such as Katzenjammer Kabarett in France, or Ray Childish in Austria. At this time, elements of dark cabaret also began to be embraced by practitioners of emo pop music, including My Chemical Romance and Panic! at the Disco.

Record labels

 * Projekt Records
 * No Comment Records
 * The End Records

title: Dark cabaret


text:
Rudolf Hasse

Rudolf Hasse (30 May 1906 – 12 August 1942) was a German racing driver who won the 1937 Belgian Grand Prix.

Hasse was born in Mittweida, Saxony, and died while serving on the Russian front during World War II in a military hospital in Makiivka, Ukraine, from shigellosis aged only 36. In the 1930s he was a member of the National Socialist Motor Corps.

title: Rudolf Hasse


text:
Talk:Small seal script

I nominate this page for merger or deletion
1. I don't believe this page should be redirected from small seal script. This is an English Wiki, and the names 'seal script' and 'small seal script' are the dominant English forms for xiaozhuan. 2. Furthermore, small seal script was not invented by Li Si; I've added clarifications and reference on the seal script and other relevant pages. I don't believe it was a 'work' (implying a book) by him, either, nor does the naming of the xiaozhuan script connected to the title of such a book as far as I can gather from reading Qiu Xigui on this. No such title is listed in the fairly comprehensive ''Loewe, Michael (ed., 1993). Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide, (Early China Special Monograph Series No. 2), Society for the Study of Early China, and the Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, ISBN 1-55729-043-1''. If the OP or others can provide evidence to the contrary, please do. 3. The main treatment of 'small seal script' should be on the 'seal script' page anyway, especially in light of the fact that the name 'large seal script' is an ambiguous, later coinage with serious problems as I've discussed on the 'seal script' page. "Seal script" already primarily indicates the 'small seal' form. No separate page is necessary, and if one is created under that name or left in place under the name of 'xiaozhuan', clarification of the problems aforementioned would be required. 4.Due to these problems and the underdeveloped nature of this page, I think it should be deleted. If links to 'small seal script', 'small seal' and 'xiaozhuan' can all be redirected to 'seal script', that would be ideal, but I have not been able so far to figure out how to perform such converging linkage. Can someone please help? Thanks! Dragonbones 02:57, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Moved discussion from "Proposed Mergers"

 * xiaozhuan is the Chinese, not English name of the small seal script, so I don't believe this page should be redirected from small seal script. This is an English Wiki, and the names 'seal script' and 'small seal script' are the dominant English forms for xiaozhuan. Furthermore, what little info there is on the page is bad; small seal script was not invented by Li Si; I've added clarifications and reference on the seal script and other relevant pages. I don't believe it was a 'work' (implying a book) by him, either, nor does the naming of the xiaozhuan script connected to the title of such a book as far as I can gather from reading Qiu Xigui on this. No such title is listed in the fairly comprehensive Loewe, Michael (ed., 1993). Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide; University of California, Berkeley, ISBN 1-55729-043-1. Next, the main treatment of 'small seal script' should be on the 'seal script' page anyway, especially in light of the fact that the name 'large seal script' is an ambiguous, later coinage with serious problems as I've discussed on the 'seal script' page. "Seal script" already primarily indicates the 'small seal' form. No separate page is necessary, and if one is created under that name or left in place under the name of 'xiaozhuan', clarification of the problems aforementioned would be required. Due to these problems and the underdeveloped nature of this page, I think it should be merged or deleted. If links to 'small seal script', 'small seal' and 'xiaozhuan' can all be redirected to the well-developed 'seal script' page and the content of the highly unsatisfactory xiaozhuan page simply abandoned, that would be ideal, but I have not been able so far to figure out how to perform such converging linkage. Can someone please help? Thanks! Dragonbones 03:14, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

I also support the merge [Great Seal + Small seal] into Seal script
Accordingly : I give all my support for the merge, here, on the english wikipedia. 210.203.61.15 (talk) 06:53, 24 February 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) It's exactly the same style, the "small" is just a selection, a reduction of choice ;
 * 2) The 3 articles have almost not been expanded the 2 last years ;
 * 3) The main article Seal script already contain large summary of the Small and Great script article. These summary are almost as big as the separate articles.

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Large Seal Script which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 23:00, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Small seal script


text:
User talk:Tuqueelukee

Article Improvement Drive
Wackymacs 07:10, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Adobe Illustrator CS2.png)
Thanks for uploading Image:Adobe Illustrator CS2.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 19:23, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:Final Cut Express Screenshot.png
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title: User talk:Tuqueelukee


text:
User:KSmrq/Sandbox

Image tests

(See Help:Contents/Images and media.

From Picture tutorial:

 * But 'thumb' also automatically resizes a large picture into a smaller display size, with an option for the user to click on the image and see the original large version. Because different people work to different screen resolutions, your preferred size of thumbnails can be set in special:preferences under "files".  The default, which is also used for logged-out users is 180 pixels (px), but you can choose between 120px, 150px, 180px, 200px, 250px, and 300px sizes.  If an image is smaller than the thumbnail size you specified then it is displayed at 100% resolution, i.e. its natural width.  Generally speaking, thumbnails are the best way to display images.

So it looks like 180px is the default thumbnail width, with aspect ratio preservation giving height.

Spin and Pin
A subtle technical problem afflicts some uses of orthogonal matrices. Not only are the group components with determinant +1 and −1 not connected to each other, even the +1 component, SO(n), is not simply connected (except for SO(1), which is trivial). Thus it is sometimes advantageous, or even necessary, to work with a covering group of SO(n), the  spin group, Spin(n). Likewise, O(n) has covering groups, the Pin groups, Pin(n). For n > 2, Spin(n) is simply connected, and thus the universal covering group for SO(n). By far the most famous example of a spin group is Spin(3), often seen in the form of unit quaternions or Pauli spin matrices.

In peculiarly Ouroboros fashion, the Pin and Spin groups are found within Clifford algebras, which themselves can be built from orthogonal matrices. The matrices used must be large enough to accomodate the entire algebra, which has dimension 2n. Any signature is possible; for example, in Cℓ0,1 the sole basis vector e1 squares to −1, while in Cℓ3,0 the three basis vectors e1, e2, e3 all square to +1. In all cases 1 takes the form of an identity matrix. To illustrate the first case, use 2×2 matrices and let the vector basis be

 * $$J = \begin{bmatrix}0&-1\\1&0\end{bmatrix} .$$

This trivial case is nevertheless interesting, because Cℓ0,1 ≅ ℂ, with J acting like the imaginary unit, i: J2 = −I. The Cℓ3,0 case can immediately put this to work. Use 4×4 matrices partitioned into 2×2 blocks, where I is the 2×2 identity and J is — as above — the 2×2 equivalent of i. Take as vector basis the following.

Per signature, eα2 = 1 (the identity) for all α; and basis vector products anti-commute, eαeβ = −eβeα for all α ≠ β, as required for a Clifford algebra. Writing eαβ = eαeβ, use these anti-commuting products as a basis for bivectors.

The square of each of these matrices is −1, as is the product of all three, e32e13e21. These are the famous Brougham Bridge relations for quaternions, i'2 = j2 = k2 = ijk = −1, thus this bivector basis can be identified with the quaternion units: e32 ≅ i, e13 ≅ j, e21 ≅ k. Continuing the correspondence, each of these matrices is skew-symmetric while the identity is symmetric; thus transposition acts like quaternion conjugation.

Top the algebra with the triple product e123 = e1e2e3.

 * $$\mathbf{e}_{123} $$ || $$ = \begin{bmatrix}J&0\\0&J\end{bmatrix} $$
 * || $$ = \begin{bmatrix}0&-1&0&0\\1&0&0&0\\0&0&0&-1\\0&0&1&0\end{bmatrix} $$
 * }
 * || $$ = \begin{bmatrix}0&-1&0&0\\1&0&0&0\\0&0&0&-1\\0&0&1&0\end{bmatrix} $$
 * }

Including the 4×4 identity as 1, this completes a list of eight linearly independent matrices, and a basis for Cℓ3,0. (The particular choice of basis matrices used in this example is not inevitable; other variations exist obeying the same essential algebraic relations.) Scalars are real multiples of 1; vectors are real linear combinations of the eα; bivectors, of eαβ; pseudoscalars are real multiples of e321; and a general element is a linear combination of all. Inspection confirms that Cℓ3,0 ≅ ℂ2×2, the 2×2 complex matrices. Also, compare the bivector basis to the Pauli matrices.

Now consider the product eβeα(−eβ) for different values of α and β. When α = β the result is −eα; otherwise, eα. Replace eα by an arbitrary vector v, and extend from the basis by linearity; v is reflected, by negating its eβ component. More generally still, replace eβ by any unit vector u; then uv(−u) is a reflection of v, negating its u component.

In Euclidean geometry the composition of two reflections, unit normals u1 and u2, is a rotation of the subspace the normals span, turning by twice the angle between them. (Any vector component orthogonal to both normals is unmoved.) Thus consider u1 = e2 followed by u2 = e3:

 * $$\mathbf{e}_3 \big(\mathbf{e}_2 \mathbf{v} (-\mathbf{e}_2)\big) (-\mathbf{e}_3) = (\mathbf{e}_3 \mathbf{e}_2) \mathbf{v} (\mathbf{e}_2 \mathbf{e}_3) = \mathbf{e}_{32} \mathbf{v} (-\mathbf{e}_{32}) $$

Since e2 and e3 are orthogonal, e32 produces a 180° rotation preserving their mutual perpendicular, the e1 axis. Another indication that this rotation is a half turn is that it is its own inverse, a consequence of the bivector on both sides of v squaring to −1. The same is true for any unit magnitude bivector; but if u1 and u2 are not perpendicular, then their product includes a scalar as well as a bivector component. For example, (1+e32)/√2 produces a 90° rotation preserving the e1 axis. Inclusion of scalars completes the construction of Spin(3). Negating a rotator has no effect on the rotation produced, so Spin(3) is a double cover of SO(3).

Inclusion of scalars also completes the correspondence with quaternion algebra; thus Spin(3) is isomorphic to the group of unit quaternions, or S3. Furthermore, inspection of the bivector basis matrices, considered as 2×2 complex matrices, shows that conjugate transposition merely negates them. Since each squares to −1, they — along with the identity — are all special unitary matrices, and Spin(3) is isomorphic to SU(2).

Mayer-Vietoris sequence

 * It's not much fun trying to write this stuff in wiki syntax, so I hesitate to dive in. Ah well, let's see what we can manage…
 * Let U be the left half of the torus plus a bit more, and V the right half plus a bit more. Both are open cylinders retracting to circles, and the same is true of their intersection, A, only doubled. For the Mayer-Vietoris sequence we'll need the two injections i: A→U and j: A→V, giving maps of cycle classes φn = (i∗,−j∗). The homology of S1 follows the pattern of spheres: H0 = Z, with generator cycle any point; and H1 = Z, with generator cycle the whole circle. For A, the pair of circles, we double these: both groups are Z+Z. All other homology groups of these three spaces are zero.
 * In particular, H2(U)⨁H2(V) is zero, so that makes a convenient place to begin the sequence.
 * {| style="text-align:center"

 * 0 ||   || ? || ∂ || Z+Z || φ || Z+Z ||   || ? || ∂ || Z+Z || φ || Z+Z ||   || Z
 * H2(U)⨁H2(V) || ⟶ || H2(X) || ⟶ || H1(A) || ⟶ || H1(U)⨁H1(V) || ⟶ || H1(X) || ⟶ || H0(A) || ⟶ || H0(U)⨁H0(V) || ⟶ || H0(X)
 * }
 * H2(U)⨁H2(V) || ⟶ || H2(X) || ⟶ || H1(A) || ⟶ || H1(U)⨁H1(V) || ⟶ || H1(X) || ⟶ || H0(A) || ⟶ || H0(U)⨁H0(V) || ⟶ || H0(X)
 * }

 * If you're not required to use Mayer-Vietoris, the two-triangle idea is temptingly straightforward. Take a rectangle with sides t, r, b, ℓ, and split it with a diagonal, d. We now have a pair of 2-simplexes (or 2-simplices, if you prefer), say t, r, d and b, ℓ, d. Glue t (top) to b (bottom), both oriented left-to-right; and glue r (right) to ℓ (left), both oriented top-to-bottom, to make this a torus.
 * Even using Mayer-Vietoris, notice that removing a disc is the same as deleting one of the triangles, say the left one. The glue must be retained; thus the top edge becomes a circle, and so does the right edge. The diagonal retracts so that all that remains is two circles; they share the point at the top right corner of the rectangle. Thus the homology of this part is that of a figure-8, S1∨S1, where "∨" denotes wedge sum. (This is exactly what EdC first suggested, just made slightly more explicit.)
 * The disc U is contractible, so has the homology of a point, while the intersection A has the homology of a circle, S1. Starting the sequence at H2 of U and V, we have
 * {| style="text-align:center"

 * 0 ||   || Z || ∂ || Z || φ || Z+Z ||   || Z+Z || ∂ || Z || φ || Z ||   || Z
 * H2(U)⨁H2(V) || ⟶ || H2(X) || ⟶ || H1(A) || ⟶ || H1(U)⨁H1(V) || ⟶ || H1(X) || ⟶ || H0(A) || ⟶ || H0(U)⨁H0(V) || ⟶ || H0(X)
 * }
 * H2(U)⨁H2(V) || ⟶ || H2(X) || ⟶ || H1(A) || ⟶ || H1(U)⨁H1(V) || ⟶ || H1(X) || ⟶ || H0(A) || ⟶ || H0(U)⨁H0(V) || ⟶ || H0(X)
 * }

Double sup
Let's try the suggested workaround for the Wikipedia bug involving nested sup/sub. Consider the function $x^{2}⁄2$. Now consider it without the  hack: $x^{2}⁄2$. Yippee!

title: User:KSmrq/Sandbox


text:
Kawasaki Concours

The Kawasaki Concours, known as the GTR1000 in some markets, is a 1,000 cc sport touring motorcycle manufactured between 1986 and 2006 by Kawasaki. In 2007 it was replaced by the larger displacement Concours 14, also known as the 1400GTR.

ZG1000 Concours
The Kawasaki Concours, known in Europe as the 1000GTR and in USA as the ZG1000, is a 997 cc, six speed, four cylinder, liquid-cooled sport touring motorcycle with shaft drive. The bike can reach speeds over 190 km/h, offers nimble handling and – with its full fairing, tall screen, twin locking panniers, and 28 litre fuel capacity – is suited to cross-country two-up touring.

Kawasaki introduced the Concours in 1986, based on their Ninja 900 and Ninja 1000R models. Key differences between the Ninja 1000R and the ZG1000 included 32 mm instead of 36 mm carburetors, less aggressively ramped cams, shaft drive, front and rear sub-frames, hard luggage, and full fairing. The Concours was introduced into the USA the year after the slightly faster (137 mph) BMW K100LT at less than two-thirds the price of the BMW machine. Both bikes were tested by the magazine Motorcyclist, which came out in favor of the Kawasaki concluding that it was "the most practical, useful and competent motorcycle made" and "superior to the BMW in almost every aspect imaginable."

From 1986 to 1993 the design was largely unchanged aside from modifications to the screen, handlebars and other very minor changes. In 1994 Kawasaki updated the instrument cluster, forks, controls, front fender, front brakes, and the front wheel. From 1994 to 2006, the design again experienced only minor changes: fork protectors and exhaust tips. As the Concours first generation endured with few revisions, experienced mechanics and used parts are readily available.

The 1000GTR has 10–20 percent less horsepower than the US Concours, varying by country.

Successor
In September 2006, Kawasaki announced a new generation Concours, known as the Concours 14 in North America, and 1400GTR in other markets. Introduced in September 2007, the new bike is based on the ZX-14 platform with features similar to the original Concours – an inline-4 engine, luggage, shaft drive and a full fairing.

title: Kawasaki Concours


text:
User:Matthew123

== Hurricane Vince ==

Vince formed at 11am est October 9th. It had formed from a cold core/extratropical area of low pressure. In which for days shown to have been subtropical by sab t numbers. In fact it had a 3.0ST...Which supported 45 knots. The nhc the day they upgraded it. Said it could of been a cyclone the night before.

The cyclone on trmm/85h data had a closed eyewall. With visible on visible satellite. Sab/Airforce t numbers had shown later that day a 4.0=65 knots. Vince was upgraded to a hurricane at 5pm the same day.

The cyclone later that night into Monday morning was sheared...In which it became a exposed with a burst of convection just after 11am Advisorie from the nhc. The cyclone then weaken to a 40 mph tropical storm.

A ship report reported that the pressure was much lower. At 998 millibars with 41 knots winds. The cyclone was upped to 40 knots=45 mph at 11pm. The system early tuesday morning was moving inland near the spain boarder. This will likely go down to be the first cyclone, to ever hit Spain.

title: User:Matthew123


text:
1999 Vale of White Horse District Council election

Elections to Vale of White Horse District Council were held on 6 May 1999. The whole council was up for election and the Liberal Democrats stayed in overall control. The next full council elections took place on 1 May 2003.

Election result

 * }


text: User talk:69.224.126.48

title: User talk:69.224.126.48


text: File:Britain and us plasma packages wwii.jpg


text:
Talk:Howard Eskin

Comment
To all Eskin editors, please input factual information and not personal opinions, as I am sure those who listen to his radio show have many of him. As much as you'd like to belittle (or praise) him, please keep it fact based and neutral.

Article requires cleaning
I think being the top-rated drive time show in a major American city meets the notability standard. 150.108.232.27 (talk) 22:28, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

This article is in serious need of cleaning/copy-editing.

I didn't see any mention of Eskin's brief and failed attempt at national syndication circa 1991. Howard Puke Eskin is what we're now calling him.

Should we mention his Jewish faith and activities in Philadelphia's Jewish community? --68.80.243.119 05:23, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I think is it fine to mention that he is Jewish, but not sure that it belongs in the lead. Is he notable for being Jewish?  If so keep it in the top, but if it is more incidental (probably the case) it should be moved down in the article.  Also, I think "Jewish" is probably adequate, "Hebrew/Jewish" is not seen very commonly. --Brian G 13:08, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

OK, I don't know who is responsible for referring to Eric Lindros as "the oft-concussed former Flyer", but it really made my day. Thanks for the laugh.

SportsRock was on WMMR in 1992-1993, not the early 80s. It started around September 1992 and they'd dropped the format by early spring. 71.185.4.141 (talk) 23:13, 31 January 2010 (UTC)

---

"In the mid '80s Eskin co-hosted with John Debella on WMMR's Morning Zoo, their combination was advertised as "Sports Rock" . . . On radio, the "Sports Rock" format proved unsuccessful at WMMR. It began in the Fall of 1992 and lasted until the Spring of 1993." Yes, the article contradicts itself on this point. Would someone with firsthand knowledge please harmonize these two sentences?

Stacy (talk) 16:18, 18 February 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Howard Eskin


text:
Talk:Salt water (disambiguation)

Requested move 7 September 2017

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved  Dr Strauss   talk   17:47, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

Salt water → Salt water (disambiguation) – There is a clear primary topic here, saline water, of which the other related entries are subtypes. All current article links to salt water are intended to point to saline water or a type thereof. Therefore salt water should redirect to the primary topic at saline water. — swpb T 16:26, 7 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I have also heard the term used to describe seawater specifically so I'm not sure about this.--67.68.21.146 (talk) 04:34, 8 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Hence the dab page. Saline water does not need to be the only referent to be the overwhelmingly primary referent. — swpb T 12:26, 8 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Support. I have worked recently on a number of articles from the Water salinity series, trying to make them less crappy and better organized, but I missed this one. Saline water is probably in the worst shape among those, lagging behind seawater but nonetheless it is the obvious primary topic. No such user (talk) 09:51, 8 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The |Salt_water|Brine|Brackish_water|Seawater|Saline_(medicine)|Saltwater_(Chicane_song)|Saltwater_(Julian_Lennon_song)|Saltwater_(2012_film) page view analysis indicates this is an ambiguous term and that saline water is clearly not the most commonly sought article. older ≠ wiser 14:10, 8 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I don't think pageviews is a relevant measure. We're not interested in which page people go to most often in general, but which one they go to after they wind up at the dab page, or which one ambiguous links were intended to point to. Pageviews doesn't offer any evidence for that, but the other evidence – that from the ambiguous links to here – suggests it's saline water. — swpb T 14:15, 8 September 2017 (UTC)
 * That's not particularly convincing evidence. It may just be me, but the article saline water is certainly not the topic I would expect to see for salt water. I think either sea water or brackish water or saline_(medicine) are far more appropriate specific topics than the banal chemical generalities currently at saline water. older ≠ wiser 14:21, 8 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Sea water is just one, rather narrow, aspect of salt water. I concur that the current article at saline water is below the expected coverage for so broad topic, but that in itself is not a reason to mis-setup the pages. Besides, pageviews are a poor measure here -- basic articles such as this one are hardly expected to receive much of the traffic. I think that WP:COMMONNAME for this topic is "salt water" rather than "saline water", so they could be reversed, but that's a debate for another round. In fact, this is a textbook example of WP:BROADCONCEPT: A broad-concept article is an article that addresses a concept that may be difficult to write about because it [...] covers relationship between a wide range of related concepts. Due to the difficulty of explaining this relationship (and the comparative ease of merely listing articles to which the title relates), editors often create disambiguation pages for such titles, [...] However, if the primary meaning of a term proposed for disambiguation is a broad concept or type of thing that is capable of being described in an article, [...] then the page located at that title should be an article describing it, and not a disambiguation page. No such user (talk) 15:24, 8 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I'm not suggesting that sea water should be the primary topic -- but rather that this should remain as a disambiguation page because in most cases a link to a more specific topic will better serve readers than to saline water. If at some point that article dramatically improves, there might be something worth reconsidering, but as it is, I think disambiguation is the best option. older ≠ wiser 15:38, 8 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Moving the dab doesn't do anything to prevent editors from linking to the most specific page appropriate to their purposes. No such user is right — "saline water" is an uncommon term for a common thing, called "salt water", which is what both names should point to. That article can and should then point to more specific types of salt water both in a hatnote and in the body. There's no reason a link to "salt water" should point to a dab page with obscure media titles, when a more appropriate target is obvious. The incoming links are the most convincing evidence available; they're certainly more meaningful than target pageviews. — swpb T 17:22, 8 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Moving the dab page would immediately and drastically reduce the likelihood of editors finding and fixing links to salt water that would be better served by a more specific link. older ≠ wiser 17:40, 8 September 2017 (UTC)
 * In fact, looking through what links here, I think many of the links to saline water should be updated to a more specific topic. for example, the link in Crocodile is almost certainly meant to be seawater rather than the chemical description contained at saline water. older ≠ wiser 17:59, 8 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I see your logic, but it doesn't fly with me: we don't leave dab pages at primary topic titles just so incoming links will be so ambiguous that they have to appear on a maintenance page. Those imprecise links should at least point to the right general topic – anyone interested in making them more specific can find options just as easily in a hatnote as on a dab page – maybe more easily, since the totally unrelated entries can be relegated to a separate hatnote. — swpb T 19:42, 8 September 2017 (UTC)
 * In theory, it may be possible that someone might write an article suitable to be the primary topic for salt water. Saline water is not that article. Until there is something at least remotely plausible to serve readers needs as a primary topic, they are better served with a disambiguation page. older ≠ wiser 20:25, 8 September 2017 (UTC)
 * It should be — since this topic area is apparently of some interest to you, would you be up for fixing up saline water (probably at the title "salt water") into the primary topic page Bkonrad is talking about?  I have some idea, but what would you like to see added to that page to make you comfortable having it sit at the primary title? — swpb T 19:15, 10 September 2017 (UTC)
 * To be an adequate broad concept article it would need to introduce pretty much all of the topics currently covered by seawater, brine, brackish water, saline (medicine), and salinity. As I mentioned in an edit summary, that last topic arguably provides better coverage than the current article. older ≠ wiser 19:24, 10 September 2017 (UTC)
 * swpb: I am up for fixing it, but can't promise a deadline; I'm quite busy IRL lately. In my company, we have an unwritten rule that the proposer of a Smart Idea (TM) should be the one in charge of implementing it. It significantly reduces the proliferation of Smart Ideas and improves the implementation of ones that do pass ;). No such user (talk) 09:20, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. If you get to it, wonderful. I'll keep it on my list as well. — swpb T 15:24, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Support per WP:DABCONCEPT. Salt water is merely salt + water; different kinds of that combination are merely variations on the theme, not topics ambiguous to it. bd2412  T 14:04, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Support. Clear primary topic. -- Necrothesp (talk) 15:37, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Salt water (disambiguation)


text:
User:217.43.198.73

I am a notorious, anonymous sock puppet.

I post from the following ISPs:
 * User:217.43.172.38
 * User:217.43.196.187
 * User:217.43.197.44
 * User:217.43.198.7
 * User:217.43.198.73
 * User:81.153.145.102
 * User:81.153.150.86
 * User:81.154.89.216
 * User:81.154.91.48
 * User:81.154.91.73

See User:217.43.172.38 for a complete list of the ISPs I use.

title: User:217.43.198.73


text:
User talk:Juntung/Archive 03

RfA thanks from me too!
Like everyone else above, I express my thanks for your support on my RfA. --Ragib 05:11, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for supporting me too! Thunderbrand 15:08, July 31, 2005 (UTC)

can you please look at Votes for deletion/Duveneck School (2nd Nom.) it is being voted on again Yuckfoo 04:40, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thank you for your vote of support on my recent RfA. I was quite surprised by the amount of support I received, and wish to extend my thanks to you for taking the time to support my nomination for adminship. -- Longhair | Talk 12:18, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Thank you!
Thank you for your support on my RfA! When I submitted it, I was unsure of how I'd do, but the support was great. I promise that I won't do anything too stupid with the trust you've given me. humblefool®Deletion Reform 19:28, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * P.S. Stop by Deletion reform!

Xie Xie!
I just wanted to thank you for your "cool" support on my RfA. Karmafist 15:05, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Jtkiefer's RFA
thanks for your support on my RFA. Jtkiefer T - 04:58, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

RFA
Thank you for your vote of confidence.--Jondel 06:22, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

kmccoy's RFA
Hey, juntung,

I'm sensing a trend on this page. :) Thanks for supporting me on my RFA.  kmccoy (talk) 03:48, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for your support
Thank you for supporting my recent RfA. I was surprised and humbled by the number of positives votes. I'll be monitoring RfA regularly from now on and will look for a chance to "pay it forward". Cheers, --MarkSweep 01:43, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for voting on my RfA
Hi, Thanks for voting on my RfA. Having been elected, I hope to justify your faith in me. Thanks again. --Ragib 05:43, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Adminship
Hi. Just a little objection. Can you vote on my adminship in the second nomination page? Requests for adminship/Darwinek (2). Thanks. -- Darwinek 11:04, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

RfA
Thank you for supporting my RfA. I will do my best to serve the Wikipedia community as an administrator. Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 20:30, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for your support
Thank you for voting to support my RFA. I've been promoted, and I promise to wield the mop with good faith, patience, and fairness... except when I'm exterminating vandals with the M-16 recoilless nuclear Gatling mop. --malathion talk 07:44, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thank you for supporting my nomination. AlistairMcMillan 09:31, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks!
Hiya. Just wanted to thank you for supporting my recent RfA. Cheers! --Ngb 19:23, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

HappyCamper's RFA - Thanks for your support! :-)
Hi Juntung! Thanks for supporting me during my recent RFA. I'm now an administrator, and if you ever need anything, feel free to leave a message on my talk page. Thanks again for your support, and I'll see you around the Wiki! --HappyCamper 02:42, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

This talk page is just full of thanks, so I'll add myself to this section when I say: Thanks a lot for supporting my adminship. :)

Jtkiefer's RFA
Thanks for your support (again) on my RFA. Jtkiefer T - 05:18, August 30, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for your support
Hi Juntung, just a quick note to thank you for your support on my RfA. I was pleased to see so much support, especially from people such as you who I do not know very well, if at all. Now that I am an administrator I will do my best to please the community’s expectations. Best regards, Sam Hocevar 17:28, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Bureaucratship
Hi, Juntung. Thank you so much for your support on my bureaucratship nomination. Unfortunately, it didn't pass, but I intend to run again soon. If you'd like to be informed next time around, please let me know on my talk page. Thanks again! Andre ( talk ) 05:24, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

Kammerlader
Hi. I applogies for 'spamming' your talkpage like this, but some time ago you was helpfull with comments on one of 'my' other articles on old Norwegian rifles and I wondered if you might be interested in helping out peer reviewing the article on the Kammerlader. Thank you for your time. WegianWarrior 11:23, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

Bmicomp's RfA
Well, my RfA has not quite completed yet, but either way, I'd like to thank you for your vote and your support, regardless of the outcome. -- BMIComp (talk, HOWS MY DRIVING) 17:57, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

Thank you for your vote.
Thank you for your support in my successful RfA. I hope I can live up to expectations. - Trevor MacInnis (Talk | Contribs) 00:16, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

Thank you
Hello, I thank you for your support to my adminship. We shall surely interact more. --Bhadani 10:26, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

My RfA
Thanks for your support in my RfA. I really appreciate it. -R. fiend 15:27, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Brookie RfA
Thanks for the vote - cool! :) 18:13, 23 September 2005 (UTC) The curate's egg 18:14, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Question on Who's RfA
Hi, I responded to your question on my RfA. Thank you. ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 18:17, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

RfA
Just to say thanks for supporting my RfA. Please let me know if you see me screw up anytime. --Doc (?) 19:14, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your support of my recent nomination on RfA. Best regards, RobertG ♬ talk 11:20, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

RoyBoy RfA
Thank you for the smooth support of my RfA. - RoyBoy 800 22:49, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for your support
Thank you very much for your support on my nomination for adminship. Now that I have been made an admin, I will do my best to live up to the truest you and the community have placed in me. If you ever see my doing something you think is incorrect or questionable, or does not live up to the standards that should be expected of an admin, please let me know. DES (talk) 15:58, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

OwenX's RfA
Thank you for your support on my RfA. Your trust in me is well appreciated. Owen× ☎  22:27, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Juntung/Archive 03


text:
Charles Barsotti

Charles Branum Barsotti (Sep. 28, 1933 – June 16, 2014) was an American cartoonist who contributed gag cartoons to major magazines.

Early life
Born in San Marcos, Texas in 1933, Barsotti grew up in San Antonio and graduated from Texas State University in 1955. He then served in the Army and worked at the Brown School in San Marcos which was a residential treatment center for people with special needs, whilst studying with the aim of obtaining a master's degree in education.

Career as a cartoonist
Barsotti was the cartoon editor of The Saturday Evening Post and a staff cartoonist at The New Yorker beginning in 1970. His work also appeared in Playboy, Punch and Fast Company, among other publications. He was a signature artist whose rounded, elegant, sparsely detailed style evoked both the traditional world of a James Thurber and the contemporary sensibility of a Roz Chast.

Barsotti's work features a simple repertory including a nameless, lovable pooch and a monarch whose kingdom consists of a guard and a telephone.

His work in comic strips included:
 * C. Barsotti's People
 * My Kind of People
 * P.J. McFey
 * Sally Bananas (1969–1973)
 * Funny Form (1974)
 * Punchline: USA (1975)
 * Broadsides (1975–1979)

In 1992, his dog character was adopted as a logo by the office supplies company Niceday Ltd, which was taken over the French company Guilbert, leading to the nickname "Niceday pup" in the United Kingdom. On February 26, 1996, the pup also appeared on one of three United Kingdom postage stamps featuring Barsotti's cartoons.

Politics
Barsotti openly opposed the Vietnam War. In 1972, he ran for Congress as the Democratic nominee against incumbent Larry Winn in the third district of Johnson County, Kansas, but faced heavy Republican opposition and dropped out of the race. In a 1986 interview Barsotti said of his campaign: It was a 'You can vote for me as a protest against the war if you want to' kind of thing. Roughly I got about 30 percent of the vote, and it's very rough because I tried to put all that behind me as quickly as possible. I love politics but I don't like politicians. This sounds awful, but you can't [be a politician] and be a cartoonist. His entire campaign staff dropped him and became the Wyandotte County, Kansas City, Kansas staff for the McGovern campaign when Mr. Barsotti refused to do any campaign functions.

Death
Barsotti died of brain cancer on June 16, 2014, at his home in Kansas City, Missouri, aged 80.

Awards
Barsotti received the National Cartoonist Society's Gag Cartoon Award for 1988 for his work.

Books

 * A Girl Needs a Little Action (1969)
 * Kings Don't Carry Money (August 1983)
 * Barsotti's Texas (July 1986)
 * The Essential Charles Barsotti (October 1, 1998)
 * From the Very Big Desk of...: Business Cartoons by New Yorker Cartoonist Charles Barsotti (May 17, 2006)
 * They Moved My Bowl: Dog Cartoons by New Yorker Cartoonist Charles Barsotti (May 15, 2007)

title: Charles Barsotti


text:
User:Elskamp

I like the idea of wikipedia and I am more and more impressed by the increasing number of good articles.

title: User:Elskamp


text:
User:81.152.56.145

I am a notorious, anonymous sock puppet.

I post from the following ISPs:
 * User:217.43.172.38
 * User:217.43.196.187
 * User:217.43.197.44
 * User:217.43.198.7
 * User:217.43.198.73
 * User:81.152.56.145
 * User:81.153.145.102
 * User:81.153.150.86
 * User:81.154.89.216
 * User:81.154.91.48
 * User:81.154.91.73

See User:217.43.172.38 for a complete list of the ISPs I use.

title: User:81.152.56.145


text:
Caliente Range

The Caliente Range is a west-east trending zone of uplift mountains in the California Coast Ranges, in central California. The highest peak of the range is Caliente Mountain at 5106 ft in elevation, located in southeastern San Luis Obispo County.

Geology
The range is an anticlinal structure with a sharp southern boundary defined by the Morales Thrust Fault, along which runs the Cuyama River. The Cuyama Valley separates the Caliente Range from the Sierra Madre Mountains in neighboring Santa Barbara County to the south. To the northeast, the range is bounded by the Carrizo Plain. To the northwest, the range is abutted by the La Panza and Santa Lucia Ranges, two northwest-southeast trending units of the Pacific Coast Ranges.

The rocks of the Caliente range are dominated by marine and terrestrial sedimentary deposits laid down over the last 30 million years. Within them are some volcanic units, prominent particularly in the foothills beginning at the Carrizo Plain. These volcanic rocks are of Tertiary age, and are mostly basalt.

Land use and accessibility
Most of the Caliente Range is public land, owned and managed by the Bureau of Land Management. Portions are privately owned, and some of the foothills in the northeast are within the protection of the Carrizo Plain National Monument.

The peak is accessible to non-motorized traffic via a gated road. The skeleton of an old cabin remains on the peak. This cabin was a lookout point during the Second World War, as an observer on this prominent peak would have been able to see and report Japanese airplanes coming inland to bomb the important oil fields in Kern County. Dips and rises along the ridgeline road leading to the lookout point equal about 2700 ft in elevation gain in the course of the 17 mi round-trip journey from the locked gate to the peak and back.

Climate
The higher peaks of the range get more precipitation than the lowlands due to orographic lift of passing storms. Some snow falls on the highest parts of the range.

title: Caliente Range


text:
Land reform in the Roman republic

Land reform in the Roman republic was a system first attempted  in the Roman Republic  in 486 BC under the consulships of Spurius Cassius Vecellinus, and Proculus Verginius Tricostus Rutilus.

Cassius and Verginius
The first attempted land reforms in the Roman Republic occurred in 486 BC under the consulship of Spurius Cassius Vecellinus, and Proculus Verginius Tricostus Rutilus. After winning a war against the Hernici to the south, the consul Cassius attempted to pass a bill granting two-thirds of the Hernicians' land to the plebs, and Latin allies, with one half going to each. This bill would take some land owned by patricians and place it under public domain. The patricians immediately opposed this bill. Livy states this was the first and only proposal of land reform which did not immediately throw Rome into violence. The consul Verginius opposed this bill, and subsequently backed by the patricians.

Now both consuls, backed by plebeian and patrician alike, vied for the neutral body of Romans. Verginius hurled accusations that Cassius was a secret ally of the Hernicians by allowing them to keep 1/3 of their lands.

Verginius proposed the land be distributed only among the Roman citizens, and none should go to the Latin allies who assisted in taking it. Cassius replied by promising to give the Romans whatever Sicilian corn they received for free, yet this was seen as a bribe and only raised their suspicions of him. This move ruined his reputation and marked him for death.

In 485 BC, Cassius' and Verginius' terms ended as consuls. Cassius was put to death. He was charged with treason by two quaestors, Caeso Fabius and Lucius Valerius. He was found guilty of this charge by the people and his house was burned to the ground.

Outcomes
The plebeians quickly forgot about the land they had yet to receive when the patrician senate halted payment to the soldiers who fought in the following war against the Volscians and Æquans. The land was sold off by the consul Quintus Fabius and most likely bought up by the wealthier patrician class. This event planted the seeds for hundreds of years of plebeian-patrician antagonism.

Gracchi reforms
The Gracchi reforms were land reforms attempted in the Roman Republic in the 2nd century BC. They are explained in detail in the following articles:

 * Tiberius Gracchus – the tribune who initiated the reforms in 133 BC, but was murdered by the Senate.
 * Gaius Gracchus – his brother, who tried to resume Tiberius' reforms in 123 BC, but was also murdered in 121.

The agrarian reform law required the transfer of land from the wealthy landowners to Rome's poorer citizens.

Outcomes
The Gracchian reform had no permanent effect, for they did nothing to change the conditions giving rise to land concentration in the first place. Some of the reform laws were soon repealed, while others continued but with weakened effects over time. Land problems plagued the Romans for all times thereafter.

Appian adds that within 15 years, all of the progress done under the Gracchi had been overturned and the poor were in a much worse position than ever before, many reduced to unemployment.

Servilius Rullus
Under Cicero's term as Consul in 63 BC, Servilius Rullus proposed a land reform bill. Cicero opposed this and the Senate voted it down.

Caesar
During Julius Caesar's first day as Consul in 59 BC, he proposed a bill similar to Rullus'. This is detailed in the article about the First Triumvirate.

Media

 * BBC, Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an Empire, Episode 4, 2006, television series and accompanying book of same title (also as a The Gracchus Brothers Legacy - YouTube movie).

title: Land reform in the Roman republic


text:
User talk:Mdalep

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Pamri • Talk 07:21, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Mdalep


text:
Talk:Commercial Radio Hong Kong

Untitled
the page is like a yellow page entry and the controversy is largely incomplete. I've removed contact for advertising and i'll extend the controvesy later--Yau 06:34, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

222.166.160.183 07:21, 11 October 2005 (UTC)Sorry, I found the introductory part of the article is much of copying from the website quite directly, please modify or it commits plagarism.

By adding new infomation and modifying the sentences, hopefully the problem can be solved.

Commercial Radio Hong Kong Group Members Your wiki entry should start with an intro paragraph, not pictures. The pictures should aid, not dominate the entry; therefore you may want to move it to the side and do not need two very similar looking pictures. Caption should be added to let readers know what the picture is.

Since there is a Chinese version of this wiki entry (see the “中文” link on the left of screen), you may leave out Chinese in your entry unless you think it is extremely important. No need to clutter with simplified Chinese, traditional Chinese, pinyin, etc.

The rest of your article can be organized better and links should be added. Your introduction paragraph should contain only the most important information. Addresses and when their license expires can wait till later paragraphs.

NPOV! “Commercial Radio Production Co. Ltd. (CRP) was established in 1997. CRP is creative and has rich experience in radio production.” - sounds like public relations talk. Need to explain CRP’s relationship to HK Commercial Radio.

See more comments on JMSC0101 WebCT Discussion section 0101TA 15:31, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

I think it's crucial to include the traditional and simplified Chinese characters, pinyin and also the IPA for the Cantonese pronunciation since it's the common practice on all articles which include a Chinese title on wikipedia and it's also recommended in the Wiki etiquette page:

"All encyclopedia entries whose title includes a Chinese name or term should include the relevant Chinese characters and hanyu pinyin representation."

Also, there are people who're learning Chinese, but might not be able to read a text completely written in Chinese therefore the original names in Chinese might be of enormous interest to such people. Just as when we read a translated text in Chinese, all the proper names are usually also given in the original language with the standard transliteration.

And just to be consistent with other China-related articles in the wiki world, I think we should not leave out the Chinese characters and the related information, and they're given in parentheses anyway, so they wouldn't hinder comprehension of the whole passage and would then be optional to readers who want to know the original names.

Posting Chinese characters
My interpretation of wiki etiquette when they say if the title includes a "Chinese name" means if you are writing an entry on famous journalist and author "Chen Duxiu" (the title is Chinese characters), you would include the Chinese (simplified, traditional, pinyin, etc)-- see example http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Duxiu  But in the case of Commercial Radio Hong Kong -- all the words in the title is English. An English speaking person knows what "Commercial Radio Hong Kong" is. For those who want to learn Chinese, they can also go to the corresponding Chinese page. An alternative is to arranged the simplified and traditional characters on a side bar, like in the Chen Duxiu entry, so it is out of the way of the main text. 0101TA 10:12, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

grammatical mistakes
could you please check a dictionary or a grammar book before you correct any alleged grammatical mistakes because most of the time the correct forms have been mis-corrected to the incorrect ones

---"to broadcast"-

for example, the verb "to broadcast" is irregular and it doesn't change its form for the past tense or the past participle.

so the four principal verb forms of the verb "to broadcast" are: broadcast broadcast broadcast broadcasting

please do not mis-correct "is/are broadcast" to "is/are broadcasted"

-"to comprise"--

also, the verb "to comprise" is a transitive verb and can only be used in the active voice, so please do not change it to "is comprised of" again

take a look at the entry of "comprise" in the Fowler's Modern English Language:

1. Comprise is often confused with compose, consist, and constitute. All four words are used to describe how parts make up a whole, but they start from different ends of the equation. Comprise has the whole as its subject and its parts as the object, e.g. The top floor comprises three bedrooms and a bathroom. Consist of takes the same perspective, and one could equally say The top floor consists of three bedrooms and a bathroom, although it is more usual to use consist of with reference to ideas and concepts rather than physical things. It would be incorrect to reverse the construction with comprise in the form [box] Three bedrooms and a bathroom comprise the top floor. The correct words to use here are compose, constitute, or (more informally) make up. See also INCLUDE.

2. It is even less correct to confuse comprise with consist and adopt a hybrid construction comprise of or be comprised of. Examples of correct uses:

The main installation at Dartford comprises three IBM central processors supporting some 350 terminals located throughout the UK—Computers in Personnel, 1982 /

Love comprises among other things a desire for the well-being and spiritual freedom of the one who is loved—Muriel Spark, 1984 /

A good society is a means to a good life for those who compose it—Bertrand Russell, 1993

. Examples of incorrect uses:

Internally, the chloroplast is comprised of a system of flattened membrane sacs—Nature, 1970 /

Seven boys comprised the choir—Garrison Keillor, 1985 /

The Saxe-Coburg inheritance is comprised of the ducal palace and three castles—Daily Telegraph, 1991 /

Rivers in this area are mainly comprised of domestic and industrial effluent, and many have been fishless in living memory—K. Hawkins, 1993

--- from Fowler's Modern English Language

---"Past Perfect Tense"---

Also, please don't use the past perfect tense as you want, it is only used when there are two past events and you want to emphasise that one of them happened earlier than the other one, it is not used when you've only got one past event - where a simple past tense will do.

---"Audience"---

The word "audience" is a collective noun thus you don't normally say "audiences" and it can be followed either by a singular or plural verb depending on your emphasis, though a plural verb is more often used in British English.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Commercial Radio Hong Kong. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081006091708/http://www.crhk.com.hk/ to http://www.crhk.com.hk/

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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 17:38, 30 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Commercial Radio Hong Kong logo.svg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 06:59, 30 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Commercial Radio Hong Kong logo.svg

title: Talk:Commercial Radio Hong Kong


text: User talk:211.72.108.19

title: User talk:211.72.108.19


text:
Siam Square

Siam Square (สยามสแควร์, ) is a shopping and entertainment area in the Siam area of Bangkok, Thailand. The square is located at the corner of Phayathai Road and Rama I Road and is owned by Chulalongkorn University, managed by its Property Management Office, known as "Chula Property". It is connected to nearby shopping centers and shopping districts, such as MBK Center, Siam Paragon, and Ratchaprasong shopping district, by a skywalk.

History
The area of Siam Square, which belongs to Chulalongkorn University, was originally full of wooden houses and slum areas, until a fire incident evacuated the villagers from the area. After the fire, General Prapas Charusatien (ประภาส จารุเสถียร) director of Chulalongkorn University at that time, decided to develop the area of Siam Square into a commercial place in order to prevent the slum community that originally resided there from returning. The Southeast Asia Company was the first to develop this area as an open-air shopping mall. The first building was constructed in 1962 and finished in 1963, with Associated Professor Lert Urasayanan as the architect and Professor Rachot Kanchanawanit as the engineer.

The original name of the square was Pathum Wan Square (ปทุมวันสแควร์), because it is in Pathum Wan District. However, Kobchai Sosothikul, founder of Seacon Development Co. and owner of the project at that time, felt that the name was too small and renamed it to Siam Square after the whole country, Siam being the old name of Thailand.

Later in 1991, various tutoring schools began opening in the Siam Square area, targeting students from the many schools nearby.

Siam Square entered a period of downturn In 1996, when the Thai economy was in a state of recession from IMF debt. The nearby construction of the BTS Skytrain at that time also caused traffic jams that drove customers to other shopping districts. To combat this issue, Chulalongkorn University initiated a project of turning Siam Square into a center of technology and development, with many improvements to the area in 1999 and 2000. One such development was relocating the parking lot behind the Lido cinema to the Witthayakit Building, opening up the space for outside companies to invest in developing the area, which became known as "Center Point" and served as a center of recreation for teenagers.

Present day
Siam Square is maintained by the University Property Management Office of Chulalongkorn University. It has been compared to a "one-tenth miniature" of Bangkok in terms of catering for diverse needs, with over 4,200 shops in many styles and also many other types of services including many successful Thai businesses, tutor schools, restaurants, cafes, fashion, art, design, and many new emerging businesses.

The customers or visitors vary from young-aged school and college students to office workers and foreign tourists, although most are students coming to attend the tutoring institutions concentrated in the area: at least 30 schools are located here, making Siam Square the number one tutoring center in the country.

Siam Square is a popular destination and traffic hub, with at least 400,000 people traveling to and through Siam Square each day..

Location
The area is located at the corner of Phayathai Road and Rama I Road, prominently in front of Siam BTS station, which can be considered as the center of Bangkok.

Transportation
Due to its location in the heart of Bangkok, many means of transportation are available.

BTS stations
Aside from Siam station, Siam Square is close to National Stadium BTS station and Chit Lom BTS station.

Bus
There are several bus lines that pass through Siam Square, with five soi having bus stops.

Skywalk
A skywalk Begins at National Stadium BTS station, passing by Siam BTS station and connecting to Chit Lom BTS station. It connects to various shopping malls; all of the following can be reached by skywalk:

 * Siam Square One (In the Siam Square area.)
 * Center Point Siam (In the Siam Square area.)
 * Siamkit (In the Siam Square area.)
 * SiamScape (In the Siam Square area.)
 * Siam Paragon
 * Siam Center
 * Siam Discovery
 * MBK Center
 * CentralwOrld
 * Gaysorn Village
 * The Market Bangkok
 * The Platinum Fashion Mall
 * Erawan Bangkok
 * Amarin
 * Central Chidlom
 * Central Embassy

Popular attractions
Siam Square is a composite of many different entertainment options. From Cinemas, bowling alleys to aquarium and museum. This area has it all, due to the advantage of being connected to many other popular places that can easily be reached with a skywalk. Siam Square is like the center of shopping and entertainment in Thailand. These are some of the most popular attractions.

Sea Life Bangkok Ocean World (Siam Paragon)
One of the largest aquariums in Southeast Asia. With the size of 3 Olympic pools and over 30,000 marine animals from across the world.

Wat Pathum Wanaram
The temple was built by King Rama IV in 1857 as a place of worship. This place is a rare example of ancient craftsmanship featuring ornate stencils and lacquered sculptures.

Madame Tussauds (Siam Discovery Center)
A wax museum with 10 exhibit rooms of lifelike wax figures. All in real-life themes, this made the museum feels more like a journey in time.

Bangkok Art and Culture Centre (BACC)
An art center with the widest range of contemporary art, design, music, theatre, and film in Bangkok. It regularly hosts changing exhibitions from both Thai and International artists.

Working Hours: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 10:00am–10:00pm

Cinemas

 * The Siam – Opened in 1966, it stayed in operation for 44 years until it burned down during the 2010 Thai military crackdown, It was demolished a year later. The site has since been replaced with Siam Square One Shopping Center.

 * Lido Theater – Opened in 1968 as a standalone, it was converted into a 3 screen cinema in 1994 before closing down for renovations in June 2018 which saw 2 of the 3 theatres repurposed for other uses. It often run independent films not screened elsewhere in Bangkok. Concerts and other events are occasionally held here. It now operates a small-scale shopping centre under the name Lido Connect.

 * Scala Cinema – The 900-seat single-screen cinema opened  in 1969, and was considered one of the finest movie houses in Asia. It was the final standalone movie theater in operation before closing in mid-2020 and was demolished by 2021 by its landowner, Chulalongkorn University to make way for re-development. The site, along with the adjacent buildings which were also demolished is still empty as of 2023.

title: Siam Square


text:
Talk:The Craft (album)

That album description is ripped straight outta the www.allmusic.com review. Is that cool?
 * No, which is why someone removed it. Slicing 11:15, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Blackalicious Album The Craft.jpg
Image:Blackalicious Album The Craft.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 14:38, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Craft (album)


text:
Talk:Treaty of Berlin

I disambiguated everything linking here except for the below which I could not tell which they were referring to easily. Any help would be appreciated.

 * History of Modern Greece
 * Epirus
 * Bosnian crisis
 * Congo Free State (redirect from Berlin Treaty)

--gren グレン 07:22, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Treaty of Berlin


text: Category:Districts of Tripura

title: Category:Districts of Tripura


text:
Sport touring motorcycle

A sport touring motorcycle (sometimes a "sports tourer") is a type of motorcycle that combines the performance of a sport bike with the long-distance capabilities and comfort of a touring motorcycle.

The first sport tourer is said to be the fully faired 1977 BMW R100RS. Journalist Peter Egan defines the sport tourer as a "café racer that doesn't hurt your wrists and a touring bike that doesn't feel like a tank," and identified the R100RS as the first example he owned.

Unlike a sport model, a sport touring model will typically have more wind protection with larger fairings and an adjustable windscreen, a transmission with lower gearing, a shaft drive instead of chain drive, side and/or rear pannier storage systems, a larger alternator for more accessories, heated handlebar grips, remotely adjustable headlights, a larger fuel tank for increased range, and a more upright seating position. Unlike a full touring model, a sport tourer will typically have more ride height ground clearance for better cornering, less stowage, lower weight, a less relaxed seating position, less room for the rear passenger, and higher overall performance.

When designing a sport tourer, some manufacturers make economies by using an existing engine, technology and tooling from their recent sport bikes, rather than creating a dedicated engine design from scratch. Sport tourer engines could be differently-tuned versions of their sport bike siblings, the emphasis becoming mid-range torque rather than peak horsepower. This often includes a different cylinder head and exhaust system. For example, the Triumph Sprint motorcycle shared its engine with the Daytona, Speed Triple, and Tiger models; the Kawasaki 1400GTR/Concours 14 shares the basic engine with the Kawasaki Ninja ZX-14; and Ducati's ST4 sport tourer used the 916's engine; the Aprilia RST1000 Futura used a differently-tuned engine from the Aprilia RSV Mille sport bike. As consumer expectations changed, some sport bikes were redefined (for marketing purposes) as sport touring bikes, for example, the 2000 Kawasaki ZX-6R sportbike became the 2004 ZZR600 with just a change to a fairing bracket.

Rider magazine noted in 2013 that the line between sportbikes and touring motorcycles was becoming blurred "with [touring] horsepower rising higher and higher and lists of standard [sportbike] features growing longer and longer".

title: Sport touring motorcycle


text:
User talk:Tariq Habib

Hullo, Tariq -- I've reversed your edits to the Muhammad article and here's why: the encyclopedia is supposed to be neutral, and expressing reverence for Muhammad is not neutral. When you speak and write, you are free to add PBUH and SAW as you please, if that expresses your feelings. But the Wikipedia article should not speak as a Muslim would. An atheist or a Jain should be able to read the article and not feel that it is taking a religious position.

There is lots of work to be done on Islamic articles in Wikipedia -- for example, lots of notable people need biographical articles, etc. Many events in later Islamic history need articles (much of the earliest history is covered.) We also need much more work on Arabic literature, music, and suchlike. You could help with all of this if you liked, and were willing to write from a NPOV, Neutral Point Of View. All of us editing here would be happy to have help. Zora 07:25, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tariq Habib


text:
Talk:Fox Chase Cancer Center

Protection
The people involved in the dispute over this page's content need to discuss it here rather than constantly reverting between one version and another. The page has been protected on one version to aid this discussion taking place. -- Francs2000 07:26, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Reason for page protection
Due to user at various IPs including 4.239.78.167 modifying page to reflect their own point of view. Article Neutral_point_of_view details the Wikipedia rules on writing pages with a particular view. Suggest we discuss the changes here and agree them before the page is unprotected and any edits are then implemented. --Sgkay 07:32, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fox Chase Cancer Center


text:
2003 Vale of White Horse District Council election

Elections to Vale of White Horse District Council were held on 1 May 2003. The whole council was up for election with boundary changes having taken place since the last election in 1999. The Liberal Democrats lost seats, but stayed in overall control of the council.

Election Result

 * }


text: Category:Rivers of Tripura

title: Category:Rivers of Tripura


text:
Cabbage palm

Cabbage palm is a common name for several species of palms or palm-like plants:

 * Cordyline fruticosa, a tropical tree native to Asia and Polynesia
 * Corypha utan, an East Asian fan palm (including Northern Australia)
 * Euterpe oleracea, a Brazilian palm tree
 * Livistona australis, an Australian palm
 * Roystonea oleracea, a Caribbean palm
 * Sabal palmetto, native to the south-eastern USA, Cuba and the Bahamas

title: Cabbage palm


text: Category:Agartala

title: Category:Agartala


text:
Abanto y Ciérvana-Abanto Zierbena

Abanto y Ciérvana-Abanto Zierbena is a municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, in the north of Spain.

Administratively it has been separate from its neighbour Zierbena, about 5 km to the north, since 1995; however, its name has never been officially shortened to Abanto due to there being a small village of that name in the Aragón region. The vast majority of the municipality's population do not reside in the tiny hamlet of Abanto but in the former mining settlement of Gallarta, nowadays a commuter town for Bilbao with motorway connection (Autovía A-8), train station (Cercanías Bilbao C2 line) and a large industrial estate.

Neighborhoods
Abanto was originally divided into concejos, Susoko Abanto or Abanto de Suso and Yusoko Abanto or Abanto de Yuso, nowadays administratively divided into neighborhoods or wards:
 * Susoko Abanto
 * Abanto (pop. 59)
 * Campillo (pop. 32)
 * Gallarta (town center, pop. 5,107)
 * Balastera (pop. 68)
 * Florida (pop. 9)
 * Las Calizas (Pop. 44)
 * Picón (pop. 21)
 * Santa Juliana (pop. 146)
 * Triano (pop. 52)
 * Yusoko Abanto
 * Cotorrio (pop. 154)
 * Las Carreras (pop. 1,814)
 * Las Cortes (pop. 7)
 * El Once (pop. 3)
 * Olabarrieta (Pop. 55)
 * Murrieta (pop. 51)
 * Putxeta (pop. 269)
 * San Pedro Abanto (pop. 46)
 * Sanfuentes (pop. 1,675)

List of mayors of Abanto y Ciérvana-Abanto Zierbena, since 1842

 * January 1842 – January 1843 Andrés José de San Martín
 * January 1843 - July 1843 Emeterio del Alisal
 * July 1843 - March 1844 Benigno Ruiz de Murga
 * March 1844 – 1 January 1846 José María de Arechabaleta
 * 1 January 1846 – 3 January 1847 Juan Francisco del Merro
 * 3 January 1847 – 1 January 1850 Miguel de Escuza
 * 1 January 1850 – 1 January 1854 Pablo de los Heros
 * 1 January 1854 – 2 October 1854 Francisco de Robledo
 * 2 October 1854 – 12 March 1857 José González y El Cerro
 * 12 March 1857 – 1 January 1859 Cosme de Allende
 * 1 January 1859 – 1 January 1861 Miguel de Escuza
 * 1 January 1861 – 1 January 1865 José de Aranguren
 * 1 January 1865 – 1 January 1867 Ruperto de Lejarza
 * 1 January 1867 – 1 January 1869 Manuel de Garay y Laza
 * 1 January 1869 - March 1872 Agapito de Sasia
 * March 1872 – September 1873 Antonio Hurtado
 * September 1873 – January 1874 Agustín Yarto
 * January 1874 – 1 January 1875 Antonio de Escuza (dean)
 * 1 January 1875 – 1 January 1876 Maximino de Uriarte
 * 1 January 1876 – 7 March 1876 Manuel Chave (accidental)
 * 7 March 1876 – 11 April 1876 Juan Ángel de Allende
 * 11 April 1876 – 1 April 1877 José Antonio Escuza
 * 1 April 1877 – 1 July 1879 Mamerto Bermeosolo
 * 1 July 1879 – 1 July 1881 Juan Ángel de Allende
 * 1 July 1881 – 1 July 1885 Mariano de Olabarría
 * 1 July 1885 – 1 January 1890 Calisto López Sáez
 * 1 January 1890 – 1 July 1891 Eugenio Solano
 * 1 July 1891 – 1 January 1894 Agustín Iza Rementería
 * 1 January 1894 - October 1900 Calisto López Sáez
 * 3 November 1900 – 1 January 1904 Agustín Iza Rementería
 * 1 January 1904 – 1 January 1906 Agustín Garmendia
 * 1 January 1906 – 1 January 1910 Bernardo Ruiz Elizondo
 * 1 January 1910 - January 1912 Alejo Egusquizaga Bilbao
 * Urtarrila 1912 - January 1914 Manuel Asla
 * January 1914 – 1 January 1916 José Salcedo Zubaran
 * 1 January 1916 – 1 January 1918 Luis Sanjinés
 * 1 January 1918 – 1 January 1920 Fabriciano Torróntegui
 * 1 January 1920 – 1 October 1923 Antonio Pujana Meave
 * 1 October 1923 – 26 March 1924 Dionisio Ureta Balparda
 * 26 March 1924 – 12 March 1930 Tomás Quintana Martín
 * 12 March 1930 – 31 January 1931 Dionisio Ureta Balparda
 * 31 January 1931 – 15 April 1931 Francisco de Uribe Urioste
 * 15 April 1931 – 28 April 1931 Nemesio Merodio Ramos (provisional)
 * 28 April 1931 – 14 November 1934 Antonio Pujana Meave
 * 14 November 1934 – 23 February 1936 José Colón Laza
 * 23 February 1936 – 2 July 1937 Antonio Pujana Meave
 * 2 July 1937 – 9 February 1938 Luis Sanjinés Renovales
 * 9 February 1938 – 3 May 1952 José Colón Laza
 * 3 May 1952 – 29 August 1955 Eugenio Mendicote Mardones
 * 29 August 1955 – 5 December 1959 Juan Ramón Sánchez-Serrano Múgica
 * 5 December 1959 – 26 August 1964 Francisco Garaygordobil Barrutia
 * 26 August 1964 – 14 December 1969 Tomás Alonso García
 * 14 December 1969 – 10 September 1974 José Antonio Romero Onaindia
 * 10 September 1974 – 19 April 1979 Luis Andrés Merodio García
 * 19 April 1979 – 23 May 1983 Francisco Puerto Balmisa
 * 23 May 1983 – July 1987 Luis María Vallejo López
 * July 1987 – 15 June 1991 Francisco Puerto Balmisa
 * 15 June 1991 - 1995 Luis María Vallejo López
 * 1995 – 2003 Juan José Mezcorta Puertollano
 * 2003 – 2013 Manuel Tejada Lanbarri
 * 2013 – in charge Maite Etxebarria Azpiolea

Notable people

 * Dolores Ibárruri (1895–1989), Spanish Republican communist politician
 * Nélida Zaitegi (b. 1946), teacher and pedagogue

title: Abanto y Ciérvana-Abanto Zierbena


text:
Calla

Calla is a genus of flowering plant in the family Araceae, containing the single species Calla palustris (bog arum, marsh calla, wild calla, squaw claw, and water-arum ).

Description
It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant growing in bogs and ponds. The leaves are rounded to heart-shaped, 6 – long on a 10 – petiole, and 4 – broad. The greenish-yellow inflorescence is produced on a spadix about 4 – long, enclosed in a white spathe. The fruit is a cluster of red berries, each berry containing several seeds.

The plant is very poisonous when fresh due to its high oxalic acid content, but the rhizome (like that of Caladium, Colocasia, and Arum) is edible after drying, grinding, leaching and boiling.

Taxonomy
The genus formerly also included a number of other species, which have now been transferred to the separate genus Zantedeschia. These plants from tropical Africa, however, are still often termed "calla lilies" but should not be confused with C. palustris.

Distribution
It is native to cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, in central, eastern and northern Europe (France and Norway eastward), northern Asia and northern North America (Alaska, Canada, and northeastern contiguous United States).

title: Calla


text:
User talk:Das14

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Meelar (talk) 07:35, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Das14


text:
User talk:Peter.H.Hopkins

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
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Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 07:35, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Peter.H.Hopkins