text:
Humboldt Broncos

The Humboldt Broncos are a Canadian junior "A" ice hockey team from Humboldt, Saskatchewan. Established in 1970, the Broncos play in the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League. The Broncos have won the SJHL ten times (1972, 1973, 1986, 1987, 1989, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2012) while winning the ANAVET Cup seven times to advance to the Centennial Cup (the national championship of junior A ice hockey), which they have won on two occasions in 2003 and 2008.

History
The Broncos were established in 1970 by a group of local organizers. The team was originally affiliated with the Swift Current Broncos of the Western Hockey League, who supplied the team with team name, jerseys and some players. They also had a close affiliation that year with St Peter's College in nearby Muenster. The Broncos originally played at the Leo Parker Arena and then move into the new Elgar Petersen Arena since 1980, which has a capacity of 1,800. The team also won the 2003 and 2008 Royal Bank Cup (Canadian Junior A championship). The team's mascot is a horse named SlapShot. The team colors are green, gold black and white.

The Broncos are the most successful team in SJHL history, having won the league championship ten times, the Anavet Cup/Canalta Cup seven times, and the Royal Bank Cup twice.

In very early years under the guidance of Coach Dr. Terry Henning and GM Dr. Gerry Rooney in 1971–72, the Broncos defeated the Melville Millionaires in 5 games to win their first SJHL Championship and then went on to defeat the Dauphin Kings in 6 games to win the Anavet/Canalta Cup (Sk vs Man); eventually losing in 5 games to the Red Deer Rustlers in the Centennial Cup West Final. In 1972–73, the Broncos again were again Saskatchewan provincial Junior A champions. The Broncos were eliminated by Portage La Prairie in the controversial SK-MB cup playoffs.

The Humboldt Broncos won the league championship in 2007, defeating the Melville Millionaires 4 games to 1. The Broncos lost the Anavet Cup to the MJHL's Selkirk Steelers 4 games to 3. Game 7 was won by the Steelers 4–3 in quadruple overtime. Dean Brockman was voted Coach of the Year in 2007, 2008, and 2009.

The Humboldt Broncos won the league/Royal Bank championship twice, in 2003 and as well in 2008, defeating the Kindersley Klippers 4 games to 3. The Broncos won the Anavet Cup defeating the MJHL's Portage Terriers 4 games to 0. The last two games of the series were shutouts for the Broncos. The Broncos won the Royal Bank Cup against the AJHL's Camrose Kodiaks the final score: 1–0.

The Humboldt Broncos won the league championship in 2009 defeating the Melville Millionaires 4 games to 1. The Broncos won the Anavet Cup defeating the Portage Terriers (MJHL) 4 games to 3. The last 2 games were won in overtime at Portage. The Broncos lost in the Royal Bank Cup final by a 2–0 score to the Vernon Vipers BCHL.

The Broncos won the SJHL championship in 2011–12 defeating the Weyburn Red Wings in six games. They went on to beat the Portage Terriers (MJHL) in seven games to win the last Anavet Cup Championship before losing to the Woodstock Slammers (MIJHL) on home ice in the 2012 RBC Cup semi-final 4–3 in overtime.

In 2012–13 the Broncos made it back to the SJHL finals where they lost to the Yorkton Terriers in six games losing 4–3 in the sixth game.

After the 2013–14 season longtime head coach Dean Brockman left the team to take a job as an assistant coach with the Saskatoon Blades of the Western Hockey League. The Broncos eventually hired Ryan Smith (who was the head coach of the Selkirk Steelers of the MJHL) as head coach.

In 2014–15, the Broncos lost to the Weyburn Red Wings in four games in the first round. After the season Smith left the team to take an assistant coaching position with the Swift Current Broncos of the Western Hockey League. The Broncos eventually hired Darcy Haugen (who was the head coach of The Peace River Navigators of the Alberta Junior B League and a former assistant coach with the Estevan Bruins) as head coach.

In 2015–16, the Broncos missed the playoffs for the first time since the 1979–80 season, marking the end of a playoff streak longer than the Detroit Red Wings' then active streak of 25 years.

In 2016–17, the Broncos finished 5th overall in the SJHL Standings but were swept by the Nipawin Hawks in the opening round of the SJHL playoffs.

Bus crash
In 2018, the Broncos had advanced to the SJHL semi-finals, but were trailing in the series against the Nipawin Hawks by 3–1 heading into Game 5 on April 6. En route to the game, the Broncos' team bus collided with a semi-truck on Highway 35 near Armley; the local RCMP reported 16 fatalities as a result of the accident, and the game was cancelled. The victims included 10 players, two coaches, a statistician, a broadcaster, the bus driver, and an athletic therapist. The remaining passengers, 13 players, received injuries, most of them serious. The president of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League, Bill Chow, has described the incident as tragic, heart-breaking, the league's "worst nightmare."

In December 2018, the Broncos were named the Canadian Newsmaker of the Year by the Canadian Press.

In their first game of the 2018–19 season following the crash, the Broncos lost to the team they had been playing in the finals, the Nipawin Hawks, by a score of 2–1. The game had pre-game and post-game ceremonies for all members involved in the crash. The Broncos qualified for the playoffs that season, but were eliminated in the second round.

The Broncos were in a position to qualify for the playoffs in the 2019–20 season, but the remainder of the season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Season-by-season standings
The Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League (SJHL) was called the Saskatchewan Amateur Junior Hockey League (SAJHL) until the end of the 1972–73 season.

Playoffs

 * 1971 Lost final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Saskatoon Olympics 4-games-to-3
 * Weyburn Red Wings defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-1

 * 1972 Won Provincial League Championship, won Man/Sask championship, lost Centennial West Final/Abbott Cup
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Estevan Bruins 4-games-to-none
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Saskatoon Olympics 4-games-to-none
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Melville Millionaires 4-games-to-1 SAJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Dauphin Kings (MJHL) 4-games-to-2 MAN/SASK CHAMPIONS
 * Red Deer Rustlers (AJHL) defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-1

 * 1973 Won League, lost Man/Sask championship
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Melville Millionaires 4-games-to-2
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Prince Albert Raiders 4-games-to-none
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Estevan Bruins 4-games-to-2 SAJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Portage Terriers (MJHL) defeated Humboldt Broncos 3-games-to-2; Humboldt forfeits due to Portage players' roughhouse physical tactics

 * 1974 Lost quarter-final
 * Prince Albert Raiders defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-none

 * 1975 DNQ
 * 1976 Lost quarter-final
 * Swift Current Broncos defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-2

 * 1977 Lost quarter-final
 * Prince Albert Raiders defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-none

 * 1978 Lost quarter-final
 * Swift Current Broncos defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-none

 * 1979 Lost quarter-final
 * Swift Current Broncos defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-3

 * 1980 DNQ
 * 1981 Lost semi-final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Swift Current Broncos 4-games-to-none
 * Prince Albert Raiders defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-none

 * 1982 Lost quarter-final
 * Prince Albert Raiders defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-none

 * 1983 Lost quarter-final
 * Moose Jaw Canucks defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-none

 * 1984 Lost quarter-final
 * Yorkton Terriers defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-1

 * 1985 Lost semi-final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Swift Current Indians 4-games-to-2
 * Weyburn Red Wings defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-none

 * 1986 Won League, lost Anavet Cup
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Yorkton Terriers 4-games-to-none
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Swift Current Indians 4-games-to-none
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Estevan Bruins 4-games-to-3 SAJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Winnipeg South Blues (MJHL) defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-3

 * 1987 Won League, won Anavet Cup, lost Abbott Cup, Hosted 1987 Centennial Cup, lost final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Melville Millionaires 4-games-to-1
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Yorkton Terriers 4-games-to-none
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Lloydminster Lancers 4-games-to-none SAJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Selkirk Steelers (MJHL) 4-games-to-none ANAVET CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Richmond Sockeyes (BCJHL) defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-3
 * First in Centennial Cup round robin (3–0)
 * Richmond Sockeyes (BCJHL) defeated Humboldt Broncos 5–2 in Final

 * 1988 Lost semi-final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Estevan Bruins 4-games-to-1
 * Yorkton Terriers defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-1

 * 1989 Won League, won Anavet Cup, lost Abbott Cup
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Estevan Bruins 4-games-to-none
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Yorkton Terriers 4-games-to-1
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Nipawin Hawks 4-games-to-1 SJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Winnipeg South Blues (MJHL) 4-games-to-1 ANAVET CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Vernon Lakers (BCJHL) defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-2

 * 1990 Lost semi-final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Melville Millionaires 4-games-to-1
 * Yorkton Terriers defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-2

 * 1991 Lost final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Battlefords North Stars 4-games-to-2
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Nipawin Hawks 4-games-to-3
 * Yorkton Terriers defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-none

 * 1992 Lost semi-final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Flin Flon Bombers 4-games-to-1
 * Melfort Mustangs defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-2

 * 1993 Lost quarter-final
 * Flin Flon Bombers defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-1

 * 1994 Lost semi-final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Battlefords North Stars 4-games-to-3
 * Melfort Mustangs defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-none

 * 1995 Lost Preliminary
 * Kindersley Klippers defeated Humboldt Broncos 2-games-to-1

 * 1996 Lost quarter-final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Flin Flon Bombers 2-games-to-none
 * Melfort Mustangs defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-none

 * 1997 Lost Preliminary
 * Kindersley Klippers defeated Humboldt Broncos 2-games-to-none

 * 1998 Lost Preliminary
 * Battlefords North Stars defeated Humboldt Broncos 2-games-to-none

 * 1999 Lost final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Kindersley Klippers 4-games-to-2
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Melfort Mustangs 4-games-to-none
 * Estevan Bruins defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-none

 * 2000 Lost semi-final
 * Second in round robin (2–2) vs. Kindersley Klippers and Nipawin Hawks
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Flin Flon Bombers 4-games-to-none
 * Battlefords North Stars defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-3

 * 2001 Lost quarter-final
 * Flin Flon Bombers defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-1

 * 2002 Lost final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Estevan Bruins 4-games-to-1
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Notre Dame Hounds 4-games-to-1
 * Kindersley Klippers defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-3

 * 2003 Won League, won Anavet Cup, won 2003 Royal Bank Cup
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Melfort Mustangs 4-games-to-none
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Battlefords North Stars 4-games-to-2
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Melville Millionaires 4-games-to-none SJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated OCN Blizzard (MJHL) 4-games-to-1 ANAVET CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Second in 2003 Royal Bank Cup round robin (2–2)
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Wellington Dukes (OPJHL) 3–2 in semi-final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Camrose Kodiaks (AJHL) 3–1 in final ROYAL BANK CUP CHAMPIONS

 * 2004 Lost semi-final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Nipawin Hawks 4-games-to-3
 * Kindersley Klippers defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-2

 * 2005 Lost quarter-final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Weyburn Red Wings 4-games-to-3
 * Estevan Bruins defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-none

 * 2006 Lost Preliminary
 * Weyburn Red Wings defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-2

 * 2007 Won League, lost Anavet Cup
 * First in round robin (2–1–1) vs. Battlefords North Stars and Melfort Mustangs
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Melfort Mustangs 4-games-to-3
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Nipawin Hawks 4-games-to-2
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Melville Millionaires 4-games-to-1 SJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Selkirk Steelers (MJHL) defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-3

 * 2008 Won League, won Anavet Cup, won 2008 Royal Bank Cup
 * First in round robin (2–0) vs. Melfort Mustangs and Flin Flon Bombers
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Nipawin Hawks 4-games-to-2
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Flin Flon Bombers 4-games-to-none
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Kindersley Klippers 4-games-to-3 SJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Portage Terriers (MJHL) 4-games-to-none ANAVET CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Second in 2008 Royal Bank Cup round robin (2–2)
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Cornwall Colts (CJHL) 6–1 in semi-final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Camrose Kodiaks (AJHL) 1–0 in final ROYAL BANK CUP CHAMPIONS

 * 2009 Won League, won Anavet Cup, lost 2009 Royal Bank Cup final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Battlefords North Stars 4-games-to-2
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Flin Flon Bombers 4-games-to-none
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Melville Millionaires 4-games-to-1 SJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Portage Terriers (MJHL) 4-games-to-3 ANAVET CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Second in 2009 Royal Bank Cup round robin (2–2)
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Victoria Grizzlies (BCHL) 3–2 OT in semi-final
 * Vernon Vipers (BCHL) defeated Humboldt Broncos 2–0 in final

 * 2010 Lost Preliminary
 * La Ronge Ice Wolves defeated Humboldt Broncos 3-games-to-none

 * 2011 Lost quarter-final
 * Melfort Mustangs defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-2

 * 2012 Won League, won Anavet Cup, lost Royal Bank Cup Semi-final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated La Ronge Ice Wolves 4-games-to-0
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Battlefords North Stars 4-games-to-2
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Weyburn Red Wings 4-games-to-2 SJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Portage Terriers (MJHL) 4-games-to-3 ANAVET CUP CHAMPIONS
 * First in 2012 Royal Bank Cup round robin (4–0)
 * Woodstock Slammers (MHL) defeated Humboldt Broncos 4–3 OT in semi-final

 * 2013 Lost final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Melfort Mustangs 4-games-to-1
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Flin Flon Bombers 4-games-to-1
 * Yorkton Terriers defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-2

 * 2014 Lost semi-final
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Melfort Mustangs 4-games-to-1
 * Yorkton Terriers defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games-to-1

 * 2015 Lost Wildcard
 * Weyburn Red Wings defeated Humboldt Broncos 3-games-to–1

 * 2016 DNQ
 * 2017 Lost quarter-final
 * Nipawin Hawks defeated Humboldt Broncos 4-games–to-0

 * 2018 see Humboldt Broncos bus crash
 * Humboldt Broncos defeated Flin Flon Bombers 4-games-to-1
 * Nipawin Hawks were leading Humboldt Broncos 3-games-to-1 when the fatal Broncos bus crash occurred on April 6, 2018 on their way to Game 5.

Retired numbers
On September 12, 2018, all the uniform numbers of the 29 players/coaches/support staff involved in the April 6, 2018 bus crash were retired by the team.

NHL alumni

 * Sheldon Brookbank – Nashville Predators, New Jersey Devils, Anaheim Ducks, Chicago Blackhawks
 * Kelly Chase – St. Louis Blues, Hartford Whalers, Toronto Maple Leafs
 * Mike Colman – San Jose Sharks
 * Curt Giles – Minnesota North Stars, New York Rangers, St. Louis Blues
 * Bill McDougall – Detroit Red Wings, Edmonton Oilers, Tampa Bay Lightning
 * Terry Ruskowski – Winnipeg Jets, Chicago Blackhawks, Los Angeles Kings, Pittsburgh Penguins, Minnesota North Stars

title: Humboldt Broncos


text: Talk:Leelanau Peninsula

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Leelanau Peninsula


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jay Stile

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was redirect. Woohookitty 11:06, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Jay Stile
NN, D. ComCat 01:58, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete as nn. --Dvyost 02:48, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Stile Project, unless somebody thinks that's NN also...? -- SCZenz 03:08, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect per above. The Stile Project is many things, but NN is not one of them. Dottore So 10:56, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect or keep -- isn't this the guy who faked suicide on his webcam? he was noted for that, and 'jay stile' is a psuedonym, so discussion of his real identity is relevant b/c StileProject is notable, it and rotten.com were once very well known sites. Stiles should not be listed under category musician tho, afaik; putting songs on mp3.com doesn't qualify. :) Eaglizard 08:58, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Stile Project. Jay Stile and his website are (in)famously notable.      —RaD Man (talk) 16:01, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
File:Pplaquecloseup.gif

Summary
Human beings. Approach with caution.

title: File:Pplaquecloseup.gif


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mathiassaurus

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedied, vandalism. --fvw *  04:29, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Mathiassaurus
prank (nominated by Subramanian)
 * Delete. Nonsense. Should be a speedy. TheMadBaron 02:37, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy as per CSD G3:Pure vandalism; this is an unambiguous prank. --Dvyost 02:51, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Holba

Pivovar Holba is a brewery located in Hanušovice, Czech Republic. The major owner is a brewer company Pivovary CZ Group a.s. Annual production is over 350,000 hectoliters. The most notable product is Holba Šerák, a medium strong beer, named after the nearby mountain. The motto of the brewery is Pure Beer from Mountains.

History
The brewery was founded by maltster Josef Müllshitzský in 1874. In 1906, the brewery became a part of joint-stock company named Nordmährische Brauerei und Malzfabriks Aktiengesselschaft im Mährisch Schönberg. The brewery was third largest Czechoslovak beer producer during interwar period. In 1948, the brewery was nationalized by communist regulation and became non-independent part of Severomoravské pivovary Přerov, the national enterprise. Producing of Holba Šerák brand was started in 1983. The Czechoslovak republic government launched economic transformation after Velvet revolution in 1990’s; a major goal was disposing of enormous nationalized property. Therefore the joint-stock company Holba a.s. was created, the PMS Přerov a.s. has become major owner in 1995. Recently, the brewery is well-going and gainful enterprise.

Marketing
A slogan is Ryzí pivo z hor, literally Pure beer from mountains. Company marketing is strongly connected with locality of the brewery which is situated close to High Ash Mountains. Posters almost always contain mountain motives. The product Holba Šerák is named after well known Šerák peak. The enterprise finances maintenance of hiking trails and is generous sponsor of sport events taking place in the mountains. The company also participates in art project Alois Nebel.

PR
The brewery organizes two popular events. The Pivovarská čtvrtka is an undemanding sport event and The Pivovarské slavnosti is a music and beer festival taking place in brewery. Last year attendance of The pivovarská čtvrtka was 3238 persons and of The Pivovarské slavnosti was more over 7000 people.

Products
Classic, Šerák, Šerák Polotmavý, Premium, Free, Horské Byliny and occasionally special lager are sold in bottles (some also in cans), rest of the production is sold only in kegs and barrels.
 * Holba Classic – pilsener light lager, containing 4.2% of alcohol (canned version contains 3.5%)
 * Holba Šerák – pilsener light lager, containing 4.7% of alcohol, flagship product
 * Holba Šerák polotmavý – pilsener amber lager, containing 4.7% of alcohol
 * Holba Premium – pilsener pale lager, containing 5.2% of alcohol
 * Holba Free – pale non-alcoholic beer
 * Holba Horské byliny – beer mixed with a soft drink, containing 2.5% of alcohol
 * Holba Brusinka s mátou – beer mixed with a soft drink, containing 2.2% of alcohol
 * Holba Kvasničák – unfiltered pilsener pale lager, containing 4,7% of alcohol and yeast
 * Holba Šerák 13,51° – pilsener special pale lager, containing 6,2% of alcohol

title: Holba


text:
Talk:Patapsco River

Location.
Changed "northern" to "central" MD. Northern MD is not very descriptive as the state's line with PA is several hundred miles long. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.126.132.34 (talk) 01:59, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Friends of.
Knowledgeable editors, please have a look at http://www.patapscoheritagegreenway.org/ to see if it's a good source or external link for the article. -- Jeandré (talk), 2010-02-04t11:46z

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Patapsco River. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20110927155500/http://www.mde.state.md.us/Programs/WaterPrograms/TMDL/Pub_Notice/TMDL_PN_PatapscoLNB_sediment.asp to http://www.mde.state.md.us/Programs/WaterPrograms/TMDL/Pub_Notice/TMDL_PN_PatapscoLNB_sediment.asp

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 17:19, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Patapsco River. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/66gupqQDM?url=http%3A%2F%2Fviewer.nationalmap.gov%2Fviewer%2F to http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:16, 11 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Patapsco River. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060526105551/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/central/patapscovalley.html to http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/central/patapscovalley.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:54, 8 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Patapsco River


text:
Alameda High School

Alameda High School is a co-educational state high school serving grades 9–12. It is located in Alameda, California, United States, and is part of the Alameda Unified School District.

History
The suggestion to open a "Preparatory Department of a High School" was first presented at an Alameda Board of Education meeting held on March 6, 1874. On April 17, 1874, C. Y. Johns was elected as the first principal. Classes began with 52 students, in July 1874, in a rented room over a drugstore on Park Street known as "Boehmer's Hall". The building still exists today as the China House restaurant.

Boehmer's Hall was only temporary. A new building was already being built on a site on Santa Clara at Chestnut, and was completed and occupied in 1875. The high school shared space with the Grammar Department in what became known as Haight School. The site is still occupied by this school today. The class of 1878, totalling nine students, was the first to graduate from Alameda High School.

It was not long before the number of students enrolled in the high school outgrew the space available at Haight. Temporary quarters were located at the Porter school, located on Alameda Avenue, by 1900. A campaign was started for a new separate high school building.

With the help of the high school student body, a bond was passed in the city for the new school. The cornerstone was laid in 1902 on the new site at Central and Walnut. The building was dedicated in 1903 and occupied in time for the December 1903 term.

Continued growth in enrollment required an even larger campus. In 1925 a new bond issue was voted on. The new school, dedicated in 1926, comprised three connected buildings, including the original 1903 structure which was refurbished to blend with the architectural style of the other two. The architecture, designed by local architect Carl Werner, is early twentieth-century Neo-Classical Revival in nature, evoking images of ancient Greek temples with Ionic columns in front of the Kofman Auditorium, a facility known throughout the Bay Area as one of the best of the local playhouses.

By 1955, the "old building" had outlived its usefulness and was replaced with what became known as the "new building" by subsequent students until 1977.

Campaigns to replace old public buildings with newer earthquake-safe structures led to the construction of the newest high school building, across the street from the established campus, on Encinal at Walnut.

Original plans involved tearing down the 1926 buildings and replacing them with a sports complex, and only keeping the "new building" of 1955. A dedicated group of alumni and citizens saved the venerable buildings, and the planned new construction was scaled back to what exists today.

The newest building was first occupied in 1978 and included the site of the former Porter school. The west wing now houses Language and Fine Arts, as well as the Frederick L. Chacon Little Theater. The school was made an Alameda Historical Monument in 1976 and was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

Enrollment and academics
Alameda High School is an ethnically diverse school and in 2018 has a composition that is 41% Asian, 30% White, 13% Hispanic, 6% Black, and 4% two or more races.

Alameda High School has a good academic performance in general, and Alameda High School is ranked #109 in California. In 2017, 95% of the students graduated.

Athletics
AHS is part of the West Alameda County Conference (WACC) of the North Coast Section (NCS) of the California Interscholastic Federation (CIF).

Encinal High, Alameda High, and St. Joseph Notre Dame High School collectively field men's and women's rugby union teams.

Notable alumni

 * Dick Bartell, professional baseball player (New York Giants, Pittsburgh Pirates, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, Detroit Tigers)
 * Andy Carey, professional baseball player, 2-time World Series champion (New York Yankees, Kansas City Athletics, Chicago White Sox, Los Angeles Dodgers)
 * Danny Chauncey, guitarist for .38 Special
 * Keelan Doss, professional football player for the Atlanta Falcons
 * Debbi Fields, creator of Mrs. Fields bakery
 * Ray French, Professional baseball player (New York Yankees, Brooklyn Robins, Chicago White Sox)
 * Mary Gennoy, medical marijuana activist in San Francisco
 * William F. Knowland, 1925 Senior class president and United States Senator
 * Kreayshawn (attended 2004–2006, did not graduate), rapper, best known for her hit single "Gucci Gucci"
 * Duffy Lewis, Professional baseball player (Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, Washington Senators)
 * Dutch Lieber, Professional baseball player (Philadelphia Athletics)
 * Bill Macdonald, Professional baseball player (Pittsburgh Pirates)
 * Jim Morrison (attended starting 1958, did not graduate), songwriter, lead singer for The Doors
 * Lou Nova, boxer
 * Maureen Orth (class of 1960) Journalist, author, and a Special Correspondent for Vanity Fair magazine. She is the widow of TV journalist Tim Russert, and mother of TV journalist and author Luke Russert.
 * Simon Rex, actor
 * Mikhaila Rutherford (class of 2006), paralympic swimmer
 * Erik Schullstrom, Professional baseball player (Minnesota Twins)
 * Bill Serena, Professional baseball player (Chicago Cubs)
 * Chris Speier, Professional baseball player (San Francisco Giants, Montreal Expos, St. Louis Cardinals, Minnesota Twins, Chicago Cubs)
 * Stephen Stucker actor
 * Taylor Takahashi, actor and chef
 * Leo Thomas, Professional baseball player (St. Louis Browns, Chicago White Sox)
 * Johnny Vergez, Professional baseball player (New York Giants, Philadelphia Phillies, St. Louis Cardinals)
 * Bob Veselic, Professional baseball player (Minnesota Twins)
 * Bryan Woo, Professional baseball player (Seattle Mariners)

Notable faculty

 * Don Perata, politician (former faculty)

title: Alameda High School


text:
Talk:Michael Ceveris

This article has a misspelled name. Needs to be merged into Cerveris article. J. Van Meter 02:00, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Michael Cerveris --Alexander.stohr 16:18, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Michael Ceveris


text:
Talk:List of storms named Ana

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Hurricane Ana (2014) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 02:30, 4 April 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Ana


text:
Talk:List of storms named Allison

Naming
Hurricane Allison (disambiguation) is the correct name. I fixed otherhurricaneuses3 so it doesn't rely on the dab article having the same name as the main aticle. — jdorje (talk) 19:08, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

"Hurrican Allison" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Hurrican Allison. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 October 13 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Regards, SONIC  678  22:10, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tropical Storm Abby which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:02, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Allison


text:
Talk:List of storms named Alma

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tropical Storm Abby which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:02, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Alma


text:
Talk:Michael Cerveris

Early comments
Other article is misspelled. Information should be moved here.

Added an episode he did on CSI to the filmography, with a link to the appropriate episode. ~ Vega

Should have reference citations - it has none
Per WP:V. GBYork 15:45, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

No reference citations
Bunch of links at end doesn't count for citation perposes. See WP:CITE.GBYork 20:06, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 23:48, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Fringe
He's also a notable character from Fringe, this should be noted. 72.199.100.223 (talk) 04:47, 16 April 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Michael Cerveris. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070423055643/http://www.tonyawards.com/en_US/interactive/video/index.html to http://www.tonyawards.com/en_US/interactive/video/index.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:20, 9 June 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 13 external links on Michael Cerveris. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164653/http://www.playbill.com/celebritybuzz/article/134697-PLAYBILLCOMS-BRIEF-ENCOUNTER-With-Michael-Cerveris to http://www.playbill.com/celebritybuzz/article/134697-PLAYBILLCOMS-BRIEF-ENCOUNTER-With-Michael-Cerveris
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164320/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/107785-Weill-and-Lenya-Conjured-in-LoveMusik-Opening-May-3 to http://www.playbill.com/news/article/107785-Weill-and-Lenya-Conjured-in-LoveMusik-Opening-May-3
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131215203208/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/127789-Parkers-Hedda-Gabler-Takes-Her-Last-Shot-March-29 to http://www.playbill.com/news/article/127789-Parkers-Hedda-Gabler-Takes-Her-Last-Shot-March-29
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164512/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/39941-Titanics-Michael-Cerveris-to-Be-Hedwig-July-8-Aug-4 to http://www.playbill.com/news/article/39941-Titanics-Michael-Cerveris-to-Be-Hedwig-July-8-Aug-4
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164335/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/92890-Chenoweth-Gets-and-Cerveris-Shake-The-Apple-Tree-at-Encores-May-12-16 to http://www.playbill.com/news/article/92890-Chenoweth-Gets-and-Cerveris-Shake-The-Apple-Tree-at-Encores-May-12-16
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100929180012/http://lct.org/showBio.htm?id=189&creditId=1735 to http://www.lct.org/showBio.htm?id=189&creditId=1735
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164519/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/143132-Michael-Cerveris-and-Kelly-McGillis-Star-in-New-Vampire-Themed-Film-Stake-Land to http://www.playbill.com/news/article/143132-Michael-Cerveris-and-Kelly-McGillis-Star-in-New-Vampire-Themed-Film-Stake-Land
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110326020004/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/145554-Audra-McDonald-Justin-Guarini-Michael-Cerveris-Join-Drama-League-Celebration-of-Patti-LuPone to http://www.playbill.com/news/article/145554-Audra-McDonald-Justin-Guarini-Michael-Cerveris-Join-Drama-League-Celebration-of-Patti-LuPone
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101203105605/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/144378-Kerry-Butler-Michael-Cerveris-Victor-Garber-Ethan-Hawke-Will-Be-Part-of-Jack-OBrien-Tribute to http://www.playbill.com/news/article/144378-Kerry-Butler-Michael-Cerveris-Victor-Garber-Ethan-Hawke-Will-Be-Part-of-Jack-OBrien-Tribute
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164730/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/128598-Peters-and-Cerveris-Celebrate-Sondheim-at-DC-Sondheim-Award-Gala-April-27 to http://www.playbill.com/news/article/128598-Peters-and-Cerveris-Celebrate-Sondheim-at-DC-Sondheim-Award-Gala-April-27
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101216041540/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/144643-Mary-Louise-Parker-Michael-Cerveris-Amy-Ryan-Lois-Smith-and-More-to-Read-at-Symphony-Space to http://www.playbill.com/news/article/144643-Mary-Louise-Parker-Michael-Cerveris-Amy-Ryan-Lois-Smith-and-More-to-Read-at-Symphony-Space
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164757/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/143192-Alice-Ripley-and-Michael-Cerveris-Join-Lineup-for-Broadway-Cabaret-Festival to http://www.playbill.com/news/article/143192-Alice-Ripley-and-Michael-Cerveris-Join-Lineup-for-Broadway-Cabaret-Festival
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060528045127/http://www.yaledailynews.com/article.asp?AID=2266 to http://www.yaledailynews.com/article.asp?AID=2266

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:51, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Michael Cerveris. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110727042959/http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=2182 to http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=2182
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110727043029/http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=1719 to http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=1719
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110727043059/http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=1906 to http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=1906

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:16, 27 January 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 15:54, 23 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Michael Cerveris 2007.jpg

title: Talk:Michael Cerveris


text:
Category:Great Western Railway

The Great Western Railway in southern England.

title: Category:Great Western Railway


text:
Benjamin F. Johnson

Benjamin Franklin Johnson (July 28, 1818 – November 18, 1905) was an early member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, a member of the Council of Fifty, and a private secretary to Joseph Smith. He served fourteen terms in the Utah Territorial Legislature and was also a brickmaker, merchant, tavern keeper, leatherworker, farmer, nurseryman, and beekeeper.

Early life
Born to Ezekiel Johnson and Julia Hills at Pomfret, New York, he moved to Kirtland, Ohio in 1833. He married Melissa Bloomfield LeBaron on Christmas Day, December 25, 1841.

Latter Day Saint Movement
Benjamin was baptized into the Church of the Latter Day Saints at Kirtland by Lyman E. Johnson in the spring of 1835. Heber C. Kimball ordained him an elder March 10, 1839 at Far West, Missouri and John Smith ordained him a high priest in 1843 at Ramus, Illinois. He served as a missionary for his new faith to the eastern United States and Upper Canada between 1840 and 1842. He was appointed to Joseph Smith's Council of Fifty in 1843.

In 1838 he moved to Adam-ondi-Ahman, Missouri where he was arrested and kept under guard for eight days in intensely cold weather before an open campfire. While he was sitting on a log, a "brute" came up to him with a rifle in his hands and said, "You give up Mormonism right now, or I'll shoot you." Benjamin decisively refused, upon which the ruffian took deliberate aim at him and pulled the trigger. The gun failed to discharge. Cursing fearfully, the man declared that he had "used the gun 20 years and it had never before missed fire." Examining the lock, he reprimed the weapon and again aimed and pulled the trigger—without effect. Following the same procedure he tried a third time, but the result was the same. A bystander told him to "fix up his gun a little" and then "you can kill the cuss all right." So for a fourth and final time the would-be murderer prepared, even putting in a fresh load. However, Benjamin declared, "This time the gun bursted and killed the wretch upon the spot." One of the Missourians was heard to say, "You'd better not try to kill that man."

He moved to Springfield, Illinois in 1839, Ramus (later Webster) in 1842, Nauvoo in 1845, and Bonaparte, Iowa Territory in 1846. In 1848 he arrived in the Salt Lake Valley with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and served in the Utah territorial legislature from 1855 to 1867. Johnson left Utah for the Arizona Territory in 1882, settling in Tempe before going to Colonia Diaz, Chihuahua, Mexico in 1890 and returning to Arizona in 1892. He died at Mesa.

Plural marriage
Johnson's sister married Joseph Smith as a plural marriage. Johnson records the event where Joseph Smith approached Johnson about the arrangement:

"It was Sunday morning, April 3rd or 4th, 1843, that the Prophet was at my home in Ramus, and after breakfast he proposed a stroll together, and taking his arm, our walk led toward a swail, surrounded by trees and tall brush and near the forest line not far from my house. Through the swail ran a small spring brook, across which a tree was fallen and was clean of its bark. On this we sat down and the Prophet proceeded at once to open to me the subject of plural and eternal marriage and he said that years ago in Kirtland the Lord had command him then to take another wife, and that among his first thoughts was to come to my mother for some of her daughters. And as he was again required of the Lord to take more wives, he had come to ask me for my sister Almira.

His words astonished me and almost took my breath. I sat for a time amazed and finally, almost ready to burst with emotion, I looked him straight in the face and said: "Brother Joseph, this is something I did not expect, and I do not understand it. You know whether it is right, I do not. I want to do just as you tell me, and I will try, but if I ever should know that you do this to dishonor and debauch my sister, I will kill you as sure as the Lord lives." And while his eyes did not move from mine, he said with a smile, in a soft tone: "But Benjamin you will never know that, but you will know the principle in time, and will greatly rejoice in what it will bring to you." "But how," I asked, "can I teach my sister what I myself do not understand, or show her what I do not myself see?" "But you will see and understand it," he said, "and when you open your mouth to talk to your sister, light will come to you and your mouth will be full and your tongue loose, and I will today preach a sermon to you that none but you will understand." Both of these promises were more than fulfilled. The text of his sermon was our use of the "one, five and ten talents," and as God had now commanded plural marriage, and was exaltation and dominion of the saints depended upon the number of their righteous posterity, from him who was then but with one talent, it would be taken and given him that had ten, which item of doctrine seems now to be somewhat differently constructed.

But my thought and wish is to write of things just as they occurred, and I now bear an earnest testimony that his other prediction was more than fulfilled, for when with great hesitation and stammering I called my sister to a private audience, and stood before her shaking with fear, just so soon as I found power to open my mouth, it was filled, for the light of the Lord shone upon my understanding, and the subject that had seemed so dark now appeared of all subjects pertaining to our gospel the most lucid and plain; and so both my sister and myself were converted together, and never again did I need evidence or argument to sustain that high and holy principle. And within a few days of this period my sister accompanied me to Nauvoo, where at our sister Delcena's, we soon met the Prophet with his brother Hyrum and Wm. Clayton, as his private secretary, who always accompanied him. Brother Hyrum at once took me in hand, apparently in fear I was not fully converted, and this was the manner of his talk to me: "Now Benjamin, you must not be afraid of this new doctrine, for it is all right. You know Brother Hyrum don't get carried away by worldly things, and he fought this principle until the Lord showed him it was true. I know that Joseph was commanded to take more wives, and he waited until an angel with a drawn sword stood before him and declared that if he longer delayed fulfilling that command he would slay him." This was the manner of Brother Hyrum's teaching to me, which I then did not need, as I was fully converted.""

Johnson himself became a noted polygamist, and would eventually have eight wives.

Relations
Johnson was the brother of hymnwriter Joel H. Johnson.

title: Benjamin F. Johnson


text:
User:Moverton/Calendar/October

 Calendar of events:
 * Columbus Day (second Monday)
 * End of daylight savings (last Sunday)
 * Halloween (31st)
 * Major League Baseball playoffs
 * Birthdays: Tony (26th)

title: User:Moverton/Calendar/October


text:
Absolute dating

Absolute dating is the process of determining an age on a specified chronology in archaeology and geology. Some scientists prefer the terms chronometric or calendar dating, as use of the word "absolute" implies an unwarranted certainty of accuracy. Absolute dating provides a numerical age or range, in contrast with relative dating, which places events in order without any measure of the age between events.

In archaeology, absolute dating is usually based on the physical, chemical, and life properties of the materials of artifacts, buildings, or other items that have been modified by humans and by historical associations with materials with known dates (such as coins and historical records). For example, coins found in excavations may have their production date written on them, or there may be written records describing the coin and when it was used, allowing the site to be associated with a particular calendar year. Absolute dating techniques include radiocarbon dating of wood or bones, potassium-argon dating, and trapped-charge dating methods such as thermoluminescence dating of glazed ceramics.

In historical geology, the primary methods of absolute dating involve using the radioactive decay of elements trapped in rocks or minerals, including isotope systems from younger organic remains (radiocarbon dating with ) to systems such as uranium–lead dating that allow determination of absolute ages for some of the oldest rocks on Earth.

Radiometric techniques
Radiometric dating is based on the known and constant rate of decay of radioactive isotopes into their radiogenic daughter isotopes. Particular isotopes are suitable for different applications due to the types of atoms present in the mineral or other material and its approximate age. For example, techniques based on isotopes with half-lives in the thousands of years, such as carbon-14, cannot be used to date materials that have ages on the order of billions of years, as the detectable amounts of the radioactive atoms and their decayed daughter isotopes will be too small to measure within the uncertainty of the instruments.

Radiocarbon dating
One of the most widely used and well-known absolute dating techniques is carbon-14 (or radiocarbon) dating, which is used to date organic remains. This is a radiometric technique since it is based on radioactive decay. Cosmic radiation entering Earth's atmosphere produces carbon-14, and plants take in carbon-14 as they fix carbon dioxide. Carbon-14 moves up the food chain as animals eat plants and as predators eat other animals. With death, the uptake of carbon-14 stops.

It takes 5,730 years for half the carbon-14 to decay to nitrogen; this is the half-life of carbon-14. After another 5,730 years, only one-quarter of the original carbon-14 will remain. After yet another 5,730 years, only one-eighth will be left.

By measuring the carbon-14 in organic material, scientists can determine the date of death of the organic matter in an artifact or ecofact.

Limitations
The relatively short half-life of carbon-14, 5,730 years, makes dating reliable only up to about 60,000 years. The technique often cannot pinpoint the date of an archeological site better than historic records but is highly effective for precise dates when calibrated with other dating techniques such as tree-ring dating.

An additional problem with carbon-14 dates from archeological sites is known as the "old wood" problem. It is possible, particularly in dry, desert climates, for organic materials such as dead trees to remain in their natural state for hundreds of years before people use them as firewood or building materials, after which they become part of the archaeological record. Thus, dating that particular tree does not necessarily indicate when the fire burned or the structure was built.

For this reason, many archaeologists prefer to use samples from short-lived plants for radiocarbon dating. The development of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating, which allows a date to be obtained from a very small sample, has been very useful in this regard.

Potassium-argon dating
Other radiometric dating techniques are available for earlier periods. One of the most widely used is potassium–argon dating (K–Ar dating). Potassium-40 is a radioactive isotope of potassium that decays into argon-40. The half-life of potassium-40 is 1.3 billion years, far longer than that of carbon-14, allowing much older samples to be dated. Potassium is common in rocks and minerals, allowing many samples of geochronological or archeological interest to be dated.

Argon, a noble gas, is not commonly incorporated into such samples except when produced in situ through radioactive decay. The date measured reveals the last time that the object was heated past the closure temperature at which the trapped argon can escape the lattice. K–Ar dating was used to calibrate the geomagnetic polarity time scale.

Thermoluminescence
Thermoluminescence testing also dates items to the last time they were heated. This technique is based on the principle that all objects absorb radiation from the environment. This process frees electrons within minerals that remain caught within the item.

Heating an item to 500 degrees Celsius or higher releases the trapped electrons, producing light. This light can be measured to determine the last time the item was heated.

Radiation levels do not remain constant over time. Fluctuating levels can skew results – for example, if an item went through several high radiation eras, thermoluminescence will return an older date for the item. Many factors can spoil the sample before testing as well, exposing the sample to heat or direct light may cause some of the electrons to dissipate, causing the item to date younger.

Because of these and other factors, Thermoluminescence is at the most about 15% accurate. It cannot be used to accurately date a site on its own. However, it can be used to confirm the antiquity of an item.

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating constrains the time at which sediment was last exposed to light. During sediment transport, exposure to sunlight 'zeros' the luminescence signal. Upon burial, the sediment accumulates a luminescence signal as natural ambient radiation gradually ionises the mineral grains.

Careful sampling under dark conditions allows the sediment to be exposed to artificial light in the laboratory which releases the OSL signal. The amount of luminescence released is used to calculate the equivalent dose (De) that the sediment has acquired since deposition, which can be used in combination with the dose rate (Dr) to calculate the age.

Dendrochronology
Dendrochronology or tree-ring dating is the scientific method of dating based on the analysis of patterns of tree rings, also known as growth rings. Dendrochronology can date the time at which tree rings were formed, in many types of wood, to the exact calendar year.

Dendrochronology has three main areas of application: paleoecology, where it is used to determine certain aspects of past ecologies (most prominently climate); archaeology, where it is used to date old buildings, etc.; and radiocarbon dating, where it is used to calibrate radiocarbon ages (see below).

In some areas of the world, it is possible to date wood back a few thousand years, or even many thousands. Currently, the maximum for fully anchored chronologies is a little over 11,000 years from present.

Amino acid dating
Amino acid dating is a dating technique    used to estimate the age of a specimen in paleobiology, archaeology, forensic science, taphonomy, sedimentary geology and other fields. This technique relates changes in amino acid molecules to the time elapsed since they were formed. All biological tissues contain amino acids. All amino acids except glycine (the simplest one) are optically active, having an asymmetric carbon atom. This means that the amino acid can have two different configurations, "D" or "L" which are mirror images of each other.

With a few important exceptions, living organisms keep all their amino acids in the "L" configuration. When an organism dies, control over the configuration of the amino acids ceases, and the ratio of D to L moves from a value near 0 towards an equilibrium value near 1, a process called racemization. Thus, measuring the ratio of D to L in a sample enables one to estimate how long ago the specimen died.

title: Absolute dating


text:
Talk:List of storms named Barry

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Hurricane Barry (1983) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 14:30, 30 October 2016 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tropical Storm Abby which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:03, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Barry


text:
Talk:Hurricane Bertha (1996)

Merge
Skin and bones article, this one has no future. Merge it with 1996AHS. There is no info here that couldn't be easily explained in the main article. -- Hurricane Eric - my dropsonde - archive 22:44, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I gotta disagree with this one too, although my disagreement is PoV since where I live the storm was pretty notable. I'll agree that it needs more info. Jdorje 09:18, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

See for instance. Jdorje 09:21, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay, I expanded the impact section so it's balanced. I'm now fully in favor of keeping the article. Jdorje 10:02, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Unless anyone still objects I will remove the merge template. Jdorje 16:30, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Go for it. This article should stay. Hurricanehink 16:41, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

Major hurricane
From the tcr:

 * Bertha was the first major hurricane to make landfall in North Carolina in 40 years.

Now I'm not entirely sure what this means but I'm positive it's not true.

 * Bertha obviously wasn't a major hurricane at landfall, but it was a major hurricane and it did make landfall in NC. The NHC often seems to call a hurricane major if it was Cat3 at any point during its lifetime (which is logical when you consider these storms often still pack quite a punch even after they weaken; e.g., Hurricane Isabel), so the sentence "major hurricane to make landfall" is correct.
 * However it wasn't the first such in 40 years; see Hurricane Diana (1984) for instance.

Jdorje 16:59, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Where does it say that? The Tropical cyclone report from the NHC website? Hurricanehink 17:08, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Oops, it's not from the TCR, it's from . "First major hurricane in 40 years to directly hit North Carolina." Jdorje 17:23, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

 * OK. I don't think they're right. It wasn't a major, and you are correct about Diana. I don't know what they are talking about. Hurricanehink 17:25, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I think it was a major. When they say a major hurricane hits, they don't necessarily mean it was major when it hit.  It's not the same thing as saying you were hit by a category 3 hurricane.  A major hurricane is one that was category 3 or higher at any point in its lifetime.  You can see this in Part 2, #12, at, although they leave out Bertha there.  Jdorje 17:58, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

Todo
For a non-retired hurricane I think this ariticle is "good enough"; i.e., B-class. Things to add would be impact pictures, inline sources, and more impact (the current impact section comes straight from the TCR, but more detail would be possible from news sources I imagine). Jdorje 21:32, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Hurricane Bertha (1996). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100825044553/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1996bertha.html to http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1996bertha.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100825044553/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1996bertha.html to http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1996bertha.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:51, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

Requested move 31 March 2018
Hurricane Bertha (1996) → Hurricane Bertha – By far the most significant storm named Bertha in the Atlantic basin, which also happens to be the only basin this name has been used in. It was both an Atlantic major hurricane (in July, a month that rarely sees major hurricanes) and a rather destructive tropical cyclone. Based on these factors, I think Hurricane Bertha of 1996 can be the primary topic. CooperScience (talk) 22:42, 31 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose – 2008 incarnation was also a July major, so that use of a fact is invalid and in this case 335 million is nowhere near notable. --MarioProtIV (talk/contribs) 23:33, 31 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose: 2008's has broken some records, like easternmost forming TC. The 2014's also has some damage in the landmass. This storm was not notable compare with them. --B dash (talk) 03:23, 1 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose per above. I'm still not sure people realize this was reserved for extreme cases. Not storms slightly more memorable than the other incarnations? YE Pacific Hurricane  03:51, 1 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose – YE echoes my sentiments. WikiProject Tropical cyclones practice has been to only remove years from storms that have been retired or are exceedingly significant (not only when compared with other storms of the same name but also very significant on their own right).  TheAustinMan (Talk·Works) 15:04, 1 April 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hurricane Bertha (1996)


text:
Talk:List of storms named Bertha

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tropical Storm Abby which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:03, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Bertha


text:
Talk:List of storms named Beryl

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tropical Storm Abby which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:03, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Hurricane Beryl (2024) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 17:22, 1 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Beryl


text:
Talk:List of storms named Bill

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tropical Storm Abby which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:03, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Bill


text:
Talk:List of storms named Bob

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tropical Storm Abby which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:03, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Bob


text:
Talk:List of storms named Bonnie

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Hurricane Bonnie (1998) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 10:31, 24 April 2017 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tropical Storm Abby which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:03, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Bonnie


text:
Talk:List of storms named Bret

Untitled
'''2005 atlantic hurricane season. tropical storm Bret.'''

Tropical storm Bret formed in the gulf of Mexico as a tropical depression on june 28 near Tuxpan, Veracruz in Mexico, some hours later it became a better organized and became a tropical storm, actually it formed very early, june storms are strange. Then it was heading to Mexico as a weak tropical storm with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph. then the next day on june 29 Bret made landfall near Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico, as a weak tropical storm with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph. Tropical storm Bret made pretty much damage to some cities and towns in Veracruz, Mexico. It caused many flooding because of the continuos rain. No damage was reported from Bret´s wind. It is said that tropical storm Bret was responsible for two deaths. And still the people from the damaged zones are angry because help never came, they are demanding to the president of Mexico the bad attention that they had. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 148.221.16.251 (talk • contribs) 01:28, November 10, 2005 (UTC).

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Hurricane Bret (1999) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 14:30, 30 October 2016 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tropical Storm Bret (1993) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 13:15, 27 May 2017 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tropical Storm Abby which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:03, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Bret


text: Category:Education in the Czech Republic


text:
Ha (Talvin Singh album)

Ha is the second studio album by English record producer Talvin Singh, released on Island Records in 2001. It peaked at number 57 on the UK Albums Chart.

title: Ha (Talvin Singh album)


text: Category:Cold War aircraft carriers of the United Kingdom


text: User:Dajudem

title: User:Dajudem


text:
Talk:Ability score

Untitled
Why is the URL to SPECIAL a red "=edit" link? WikiPedia already has an article on SPECIAL, the "rules system" used in the Fallout 1 and Fallout 2 CRPGs: < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPECIAL_System >. Please, someone who knows how to, fix this. Peter Knutsen 02:07, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Done. TowerDragon 00:04, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

This page needs to explain what the ability scores do in general.(Just a username 08:29, 21 May 2007 (UTC))

title: Talk:Ability score


text:
Key Peninsula

The Key Peninsula lies along Puget Sound to the south of Kitsap Peninsula in the U.S. state of Washington. It is part of Pierce County and is bordered to the west by Case Inlet and to the east by Carr Inlet. The peninsula is approximately 16 miles (26 km) long and has two Washington State Parks.

History
The Key Peninsula was originally home to several Native American tribes, including the Squaxin Island and Nisqually. Non-indigenous settlers first migrated into the peninsula in the 1830s, which was named Longbranch Peninsula by the United States Exploring Expedition in 1841. In the 1930s, due to the key-shape of the peninsula, it was officially renamed "Key Peninsula".

In the late 19th century, the Key Peninsula attracted more homesteaders and settlers. It later evolved into a rural residential community.

Communities
There are no incorporated cities on Key Peninsula. Communities on the peninsula include Glen Cove, Herron, Home, Key Center, Lakebay, Longbranch, Minter, and Vaughn.

Hydrology
The Key Peninsula extends into Puget Sound, a large inlet of the Pacific Ocean. The peninsula also has several creeks and streams that drain 19 sqmi into Puget Sound.

Parks
The Key Peninsula is home to two state parks: Penrose Point State Park and Joemma Beach State Park. Penrose Point State Park is a 237-acre park, well-known for its camping and shellfishing culture. Joemma Beach State Park also features a marine camping park.

Demographics
The population of the Key Peninsula was projected to grow from 11,016 in 1990 to 16,369 in 2022; however, this number was surpassed by the year 2015. The total population in the Key Peninsula is estimated to be 20,000 people.

Education
The Key Peninsula is served by the Peninsula School District, which has several elementary schools and a single middle school on the peninsula. High school students in the area attend Peninsula High School in Purdy or Gig Harbor High School in Gig Harbor.

title: Key Peninsula


text:
Innu-aimun

Innu-aimun or Montagnais is an Algonquian language spoken by over 10,000 Innu in Labrador and Quebec in Eastern Canada. It is a member of the Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi dialect continuum and is spoken in various dialects depending on the community.

Literature
Since the 1980s, Innu-aimun has had considerable exposure in the popular culture of Canada and France due to the success of the rock music band Kashtin and the later solo careers of its founders Claude McKenzie and Florent Vollant. Widely heard hit songs with Innu-language lyrics have included "Ish-kuess" ("Girl"), "E Uassiuian" ("My Childhood"), "Tipatshimun" ("Story") and in particular "Akua tuta" ("Take care of yourself"), which appeared on soundtrack compilations for the television series Due South and the documentary Music for The Native Americans. The lyrics of Akua Tuta are featured on over 50 websites, making this one of the most broadly accessible pieces of text written in any native North American language. Florent Vollant has also rendered several well-known Christmas carols into Innu in his 1999 album Nipaiamianan.

In 2013, "a comprehensive pan-Innu dictionary, covering all the Innu dialects spoken in Quebec and Labrador [was] published in Innu, English and French."

Phonology
Innu-aimun has the following phonemes (with the standard orthography equivalents in angle brackets, this section discusses the Sheshatshit dialect):

Consonants
The plosives are voiced to between vowels. frequently merges with in younger speakers (shīshīp  "duck").

Vowels
There are three pairs of so-called "long" and "short" vowels, and one long vowel with no short counterpart, though the length distinction is giving way to a place distinction. The column titles here refer chiefly to the place of articulation of the long vowel.

Macron accent marks over the long vowels are omitted in general writing. e is not written with a macron because there is no contrasting short e.

Grammar
Innu-aimun is a polysynthetic, head-marking language with relatively free word order. Its three basic parts of speech are nouns, verbs, and particles. Nouns are grouped into two genders, animate and inanimate, and may carry affixes indicating plurality, possession, obviation, and location. Verbs are divided into four classes based on their transitivity: animate intransitive (AI), inanimate intransitive (II), transitive inanimate (TI), and transitive animate (TA). Verbs may carry affixes indicating agreement (with both subject and object arguments), tense, mood, and inversion. Two different sets, or orders, of verbal affixes are used depending on the verb's syntactic context. In simple main clauses, the verb is marked using affixes of the independent order, whereas in subordinate clauses and content-word questions, affixes of the conjunct order are used.

Dialects
Innu-aimun is related to East Cree ( – Northern/Coastal dialect and – Southern/Inland dialect) spoken by the James Bay Cree of the James Bay region of Quebec and Ontario and the Atikamekw ( and ) of the Atikamekw  in the upper Saint-Maurice River valley of Quebec. Innu-aimun is divided into four dialects – Southern Montagnais (Mashteuiatsh, Betsiamites), Eastern Montagnais (Ekuanitshit, Nutashkuan, Unamen Shipu, Pakuashipi), Central Montagnais (Uashat and Maliotenam, Matimekosh) and Labrador-Montagnais (Sheshatshit). The speakers of the different dialects can communicate well with each other. The Naskapi language and culture are quite different from those of the Montagnais, in which the dialect changes from y to n as in versus.

title: Innu-aimun


text: Category:Mass media in the Czech Republic


text: User talk:69.157.255.92

title: User talk:69.157.255.92


text:
Talk:List of storms named Celia

Move discussion in progress

There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tropical Storm Abby which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:03, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

title: Talk:List of storms named Celia


text:
Talk:List of storms named Cesar

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tropical Storm Abby which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:03, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Cesar


text: User talk:72.224.93.94

title: User talk:72.224.93.94


text:
Talk:List of storms named Chris

Duplicate article
This is duplicated with Hurricane Chris (rapper). Comments on best way to fix? If I don't see any, I am going to review and do some redirecting or something. KConWiki (talk) 22:35, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Welcome to 2020, this is still a thing. -75.164.173.214 (talk) 18:25, 19 June 2020 (UTC)
 * I've converted Hurricane Chris into a disambiguation page that includes Hurricane Chris (rapper). —  Newslinger  talk   09:43, 28 June 2020 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tropical Storm Abby which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:04, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Chris


text:
Talk:List of storms named Claudette

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tropical Storm Abby which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:04, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Claudette


text:
Talk:List of storms named Cindy

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tropical Storm Abby which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:04, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Cindy


text:
Talk:List of storms named Connie

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tropical Storm Abby which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:04, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Connie


text: Category:Society of the Czech Republic

title: Category:Society of the Czech Republic


text:
Mystery Disc

Mystery Disc is a compilation album by Frank Zappa. It was released on CD in 1998, compiling tracks that were originally released on two separate vinyl records and included in the mail order Old Masters box sets, which were released in three volumes between 1985 and 1987. (These box sets, issued on Barking Pumpkin, contained repressings of Zappa's albums from Freak Out! (1966) to Zoot Allures (1976), along with a 'Mystery Disc' in boxes one and two.) The CD omits the last two tracks from the 1985 LP, "Why Don'tcha Do Me Right?" and "Big Leg Emma", both of which were included on the CD version of Absolutely Free (1967) in 1989.

The recordings featured on Mystery Disc cover the early stages of Zappa's career, and were made between 1962 and 1969 (with the exception of "The Story of Willie the Pimp", a 1972 'field recording'). The material overlaps in places with that of You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 5 (1992), Ahead of Their Time (1993), The Lost Episodes (1996) and Finer Moments (2013). A number of the earlier tracks—"I Was a Teen-Age Malt Shop", "The Birth of Captain Beefheart" and "Metal Man Has Won His Wings", all likely recorded in 1964—feature Captain Beefheart on vocals. These are three light-hearted collaborations; "Metal Man Has Won His Wings" has Beefheart reading the lyrics directly from an advert for a comic book.

Track listing
All tracks by Frank Zappa, except where noted.

The tracks were separated across the original 'mystery discs' thus:
 * Mystery Disc #1: tracks 1–20, plus "Why Don'tcha Do Me Right?" and "Big Leg Emma"
 * Mystery Disc #2: tracks 21–35

Overlaps with other albums

 * You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 5
 * "Black Beauty" is an unedited version of "Underground Freak-Out Music"
 * Ahead of Their Time:
 * "Original Mothers at Fillmore East" and "Lecture From Festival Hall Show": these tracks are from the same concert as the one of Ahead Of Their Time but are not included on the latter album.
 * "Harry You're A Beast" is a shorter edit
 * "Don Interrupts" is a different edit than "Progress"
 * "Piece One" is a different edit than "Like It Or Not"
 * "Jim/Roy" is a different edit than the same material on the tracks "The Jimmy Carl Black Philosophy Lesson", "Holding The Group Back" and "Holiday In Berlin"
 * "Piece Two" is a shorter edit of "The Rejected Mexican Pope Leaves The Stage" and "Undaunted, The Band Plays On"
 * "Agency Man" is a shorted edit
 * The Lost Episodes
 * "Run Home Slow" is in mono and probably a different take
 * "Charva" is the stereo mix version
 * "Wedding Dress Song / Handsome Cabin Boy" is the same recording as the separate tracks on The Lost Episodes
 * Finer Moments: see album page for more information

title: Mystery Disc


text: Talk:Mystery Disc

title: Talk:Mystery Disc


text:
User:Jfurr1981

Jfurr1981 is a med student at the University of Mississippi Medical Center.

In my spare time I like to play drums, play disc golf, be outdoors, and of course, contribute to Wikipedia.

Wikibreak
After a hiatus of a few months to study for board exams, I am happy to be back and contributing.

Articles inspired by my patients

 * Rapid Plasma Reagin
 * Chronic granulomatous disease

Articles written or created
Abarognosis - Acalculia - Acute promyelocytic leukemia - Adie syndrome - African helmeted turtle - Allocortex - Alveolar process - Alveus of the hippocampus - Anisocoria - Ansa cervicalis - Axillary tail - Blastomere - Brooklyn, Mississippi - Buccal nerve - Carnes, Mississippi - Clara cell - Common snakeneck turtle - Coronal suture - Costochondral joint - De Soto National Forest - Female pseudohermaphroditism - Filgrastim - Frontal suture - Hepatopancreatic ampulla - Human fertilization - Hypochondroplasia - Inferior thoracic aperture - Interatrial septum - Lambdoid suture - Laryngeal inlet - Leaf River Wildlife Management Area - McLaurin, Mississippi - Methacholine - Mississippi State Highway 1 - Mississippi State Highway 2 - Mississippi State Highway 3 - Mississippi State Highway 4 - Mississippi State Highway 7 - Mississippi State Highway 8 - Mississippi State Highway 9 - Mississippi State Highway 28 - Mississippi State Highway 30 - Mississippi State Highway 43 - Mississippi State Highway 172 - Mississippi State Highway 350 - Mississippi State Highway 364 - Mississippi State Highway 366 - Mississippi State Highway 469 - Mississippi State Highway 554 - Mississippi State Highway 555 - Mississippi State Highway 589 - Mississippi State Highway 760 - Primary bronchiole - Sagittal suture - Secondary bronchus - Serratus posterior inferior - Serratus posterior superior - Sternal angle - Streptococcus agalactiae - Streptococcus pyogenes - Superior alveolar artery - Superior thoracic aperture - Tertiary bronchus - Thoracic cage - Trimethaphan - Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia - Yellow-spotted river turtle

Other significant contributions
Abbeville, Louisiana - Aberdeen, Mississippi - Abraham Colles - Acute myelogenous leukemia - Adams County, Mississippi - Alligator gar - Aalst, Belgium - Albemarle, North Carolina - Andrews, North Carolina - Asheboro, North Carolina - Aspotogan Peninsula - Belmont, Mississippi - Bozeman, Montana - Boyne Viaduct - Bronchitis - Bronchus - Burnsville, Mississippi - Camp Shelby - Cataract - Clavicle - Cluster ballooning - Corinth, Mississippi - Drayton Hall - Dolasetron - Dysmenorrhea - Essential thrombocytosis - Farmington, Mississippi - Forest, Mississippi - Forrest County, Mississippi - Glen, Mississippi - Golden, Mississippi - Granisetron - Guido Fanconi - H2-receptor antagonist - Hattiesburg, Mississippi - Hennepin Avenue Bridge - Hereditary spherocytosis - Histamine - Human lung - Humerus - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura - Imbabura Province - Iuka, Mississippi - Jensen-Healey - K. Zildjian - Kossuth, Mississippi - Loperamide - Mellow Mushroom - Mississippi State Highway 6 - Mississippi State Highway 12 - Mississippi Veterans Memorial Stadium - Morula - Natchez, MS - Natchez Trace - Nocardia - North Ronaldsay - Octreotide - Ondansetron - Paden, Mississippi - Paul B. Johnson State Park - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria - Proton pump inhibitors - Rib - Rienzi, Mississippi - Ross Barnett Reservoir - Skull - Sucralfate - Tishomingo, Mississippi - University of Mississippi Medical Center - Val d'Isère - Vertebra

My image contributions

 * Image:Katrina LB.JPG
 * Image:Katrina OS.JPG
 * Image:Ms1907.jpg
 * Image:Hctyh.jpg
 * Image:Belmont1900s.jpg
 * Image:Tishomingo State Park.jpg
 * Image:MS8.jpg
 * Image:PaulBJohnsonSP.JPG
 * Image:DeSotoNationalForest.jpg
 * Image:LeafRiverWMA.JPG
 * Image:JLtrio.jpg
 * Image:Jensen-Healey.jpg
 * Image:Cluster Ballooning.jpg
 * Image:Apostogan.jpg
 * Image:Imbabura.jpg
 * Image:HennepinAveBridge.jpg
 * Image:DraytonHall.jpg
 * Image:AsheboroNC.jpg
 * Image:AlbemarleNC.jpg
 * Image:KZildjian.jpg
 * Image:VeteransStadium.jpg
 * Image:BozemanMontana.jpg
 * Image:AndrewsNC.jpg
 * Image:OldTrace.jpg
 * Image:MellowMushroom.jpg
 * Image:RossBarnettReservoir 2.jpg
 * Image:MS43.jpg

To-do list
 * S3 heart sound
 * Fort Rosalie, MS, for now see Natchez, MS
 * Expand Accomodation reflex
 * Abdominal cavity
 * Mississippi State Highway 10, 11 - do they exist?

title: User:Jfurr1981


text:
School Daze

School Daze is a 1988 American musical drama comedy film written and directed by Spike Lee and starring Lee along with Laurence Fishburne (credited as Larry Fishburne), Giancarlo Esposito, and Tisha Campbell. Released on February 12, 1988 by Columbia Pictures as Lee's second feature film, and based partly on his experiences as a student at Morehouse College in the Atlanta University Center during the 1970s, it is a story about undergraduates in a fraternity and sorority clashing with some of their classmates at a historically black college during homecoming week. It also touches upon issues of colorism, elitism, classism, political activism, hazing, groupthink, female self-esteem, social mobility, and hair texture bias within the African-American community.

Plot
On Friday of homecoming weekend at Mission College, a leading historically black college in Atlanta, Georgia, Vaughn “Dap” Dunlap, a politically militant and socially conscious black senior, leads an anti-apartheid demonstration, demanding that the school divest from South Africa. However, the fraternity Gamma Phi Gamma and their pledge class, the Gammites, arrive to interrupt the demonstration. Julian “Dean Big Brother Almighty” Eaves, the head/president of Mission College's Gamma Phi Gamma Fraternity chapter and Dap's former friend, upsets Dap by stating his opposition to the protest, after which Student Government Association president Virgil Cloyd breaks up both their subsequent fight and the rally. Dap's younger cousin Darrell, a Gamma pledge known as “Half-Pint” to Julian and his fellow Big Brothers (Chucky, Dr. Feelgood, Lance, X-Ray Vision, and General George Patton), is ordered to bring a girl to the fraternity that night, and goes to Dap for advice.

Cedar Cloud, chairman of Mission's board of trustees, warns college president Harold McPherson that Dap's divestment protests may scare off the school's wealthy donors. In the evening, Dap asks his friends Da Fellas (Grady, Monroe, Jordan, Edge, and Booker T.) to return with him to the administration building to protest. Although supportive of Dap’s cause, they decline, wanting to complete their college education and get good jobs in the future. Meanwhile, the Gamma Rays ("wannabes", who are mostly light-skinned black women with straightened hair), the Gamma women's auxiliary led by Julian's girlfriend Jane Toussaint, clash with some of their non-Greek classmates ("jigaboos", who are mostly dark-skinned black women with natural hair), including Dap's girlfriend Rachel Meadows, over skin color and hair politics. Unsuccessful in courting any female students, Darrell and his fellow Gammites (Doo-Doo Breath, Double Rubber, Mussolini, Mustafa, Yoda, Slim Daddy, and Sir Nose) are hazed by the Big Brothers. Dap and Rachel have a falling out when she plans to rush a sorority, and she accuses him of colorism.

On Saturday, the weekend's festivities begin, and the Gamma brothers nearly come to blows with Dap and his fellow protestors at the homecoming parade. After the Mission football team suffers an embarrassing loss at the homecoming football game, Dap is called into McPherson’s office and informed by Cloud that if he continues with his protests he will be expelled. Da Fellas drive into town to eat at a local KFC, where they are harassed by locals who resent them as privileged college boys. Returning to campus, Dap confronts Julian about Darrell's pledge status. On Sunday, at the Greeks' step show, a performance by Da Fellas (as "the brothers of Fellas Phi Fellas") leads to a brawl with the Gammas. Seeking out Rachel, Dap is humiliated by her dorm neighbors, but he and Rachel reconcile.

That evening, following a grueling initiation, the Gammites are welcomed as new members. At the school dance, Dap's roommate Grady hits it off with a female student and coaxes her to his room, but she refuses to stay when Dap and Rachel are already there. As the Gammas celebrate, Julian becomes annoyed with Jane. Singling out Half-Pint, Julian orders him to sleep with Jane as a final test. Although Half-Pint is uncomfortable with Julian's request, Jane insists she would do anything for Julian. Afterward, Julian accuses Jane of prioritizing the fraternity and his position as leader over him, and breaks up with her. Darrell excitedly informs Dap that he slept with Jane by Julian’s orders; infuriated that his cousin has become an entitled Gamma, Dap disowns him. At sunrise, Dap runs to the center of the campus quad and awakens the entire campus from the previous night's debauchery by ringing a large bell. A tearful Julian, remorseful of his treatment towards Half-Pint and Jane, arrives and stands eye-to-eye with Dap, who breaks the fourth wall to tell the audience directly, “Please, wake up.”

Themes
School Daze explores several issues within the Black-American community such as colorism, elitism, classism, political activism, hazing, groupthink, female self-esteem, social mobility, and hair texture bias—all against the backdrop of a historically black college. Daphnee McMaster of The Spool asserts that in setting the film at an HBCU director Spike Lee peers into a very particular black space largely isolated from the rest of American society: "every conversation is directly related to black people’s own perceptions of, and issues amongst, themselves".

Class divisions
Two major themes found in the film are the issues of skin color-based class divisions and economic inequality. The divide between light-skinned people and dark-skinned people is exemplified by the rivalry between the Gamma Phi Gamma fraternity and its coed counterpart—which are predominantly made up of affluent, light-skinned students and Dap's politically conscious friends and the Pi Delta Pi sorority—which is predominantly made up of dark-skinned students from lower-class backgrounds. Throughout the film, the characters from both groups engage in a series of confrontations and conflicts, fueled by their respective feelings of superiority and resentment towards one another. Another theme tied to this is the exploration of economic inequality through the character of Dap, a socially conscious and politically active student who is involved in a campaign to increase the number of black faculty members at Mission College. Dap's activism and commitment to social justice are juxtaposed with the apathy and materialism of other students, such as Julian, the wealthy and privileged president of the Gamma Phi Gamma fraternity.

Production
Following the release of his debut feature film, She's Gotta Have It, in August 1986, Spike Lee started writing the screenplay for School Daze. Lee initially secured a $3 million budget, but concerns from Island Pictures about potential cost increases, possibly reaching $5 million, led them to drop their option. Columbia Pictures subsequently acquired the film. Filming commenced either on March 9 or March 17, 1987, in Atlanta, Georgia. Reverend Jesse Jackson visited the set to offer a blessing. Initially set on the campus of Morehouse College, production faced obstacles when the Atlanta University Center objected to the film's portrayal of historically black colleges. Consequently, filming was prohibited at Morehouse College, as well as Clark Atlanta University, Morris Brown College, and Spelman College. The production relocated to Atlanta University, with additional filming in Brooklyn, New York.

Lee arranged for the two groups of actors to stay in separate hotels during filming. The actors playing the "wannabees" were given better accommodations than the ones playing the "jigaboos." This favoritism contributed to tension on the set, which showed in the on-camera animosity between the two camps. (Similar tactics were used during the filming of Animal House and The Outsiders.) In School Daze, the method approach yielded strong results — the fight that occurs at the step show between Dap's crew and the Gammas was not in the script. On the day the scene was shot, the fight broke out between the two sides. Lee ordered the cameras to keep rolling. Ruth E. Carter designed the costumes for the film, inspired by uniforms and styles worn at the HBCUs. At Lee's encouragement, she commissioned American fashion designer Willi Smith to design the gowns for the Homecoming Court in the film. Filming concluded on May 4, 1987, with a final budget of $6.1 million.

Actress Vanessa Williams, originally cast as "Jane Toussaint," was replaced by Tisha Campbell. In June 1988, Campbell filed a $550,000 lawsuit against Lee, alleging non-payment for her contribution to the soundtrack and lack of credit for the song "Be Alone Tonight."

Reception and legacy
The film received mixed reviews for its exploration of issues within the black community. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times noted, "There is no doubt in my mind that 'School Daze,' in its own way, is one of the most honest and revealing movies I've ever seen about modern middle-class black life in America." He also noted its frank exploration of issues of discrimination within the black community related to skin tone and nature of hair. He said it was significant as a film with a "completely black orientation. All of the characters, good and bad, are black, and all of the character's references are to each other."

On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 58%, based on 31 reviews, and an average rating of 5.8/10. The critical consensus reads: "School Daze is undeniably messy, but thought-provoking themes, strong performances, and Spike Lee's ingratiating energy help tie it all together."

Kadeem Hardison, Darryl M. Bell and Jasmine Guy were principal cast members on The Cosby Show spin-off, A Different World — a TV series about life at a historically black college. (The NBC sitcom was airing its first season at the time of the film's release.) Other School Daze cast members also appeared on A Different World, including Dominic Hoffman, Tisha Campbell, Art Evans, Guy Killum and Roger Guenveur Smith.

In 2008, Alicia Keys paid homage to School Daze in the music video for her song "Teenage Love Affair". She imitated scenes including the rally in front of the school building, the pajama party, and the scene where Tisha Campbell and her court perform at coronation.

Soundtrack
"Da Butt," written by Marcus Miller and Mark Stevens, and performed by the group E.U. (who appear in the film), hit number 1 on Billboard's R&B chart and number 35 on its Pop chart. The School Daze soundtrack also features the song, "Be One," written by Bill Lee and performed by Phyllis Hyman, who also appears in the film.

title: School Daze


text:
User:Dzzl/dzzl

If you know anything about dzzl speak please help me to describe it. I have some notes here. If you could describe (perhaps somewhat as a ethnographer would) what snoop speak is, then please make a user subpage of your own and link it up to mine. thankz, dzzno logic2 18:28, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Dzzl/dzzl


text:
Thomas Vaughan (died 1483)

Sir Thomas Vaughan (c. 1410 – 25 June 1483) was a Welsh statesman and diplomat, who rose to prominence before and during the Wars of the Roses. He began as an adherent of Jasper Tudor and King Henry VI of England, and was appointed to several offices by Henry. He was nonetheless a Yorkist by inclination, as were many Welshmen of the time. After the Yorkist victory in 1461 he became a loyal and important servant of King Edward IV. In 1483, he was executed by Richard III as part of his seizure of the throne.

Life
Vaughan was the son of Robert and Margaret Vaughan of Monmouth. In 1446 he was appointed to the offices of Steward, Receiver, and Master of the Game in Herefordshire and Ewyas, and Steward, Constable, Porter, and Receiver of Abergavenny. In 1450, he became Master of the Ordnance. He entered Parliament in 1455 as MP for Marlborough.

Despite his early association with Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke, Vaughan was accused of plotting against King Henry VI of England as early as 1459. Somehow he regained the king's favour, and in 1460 was appointed Keeper of Henry VI's "great Wardrobe". After Henry's defeat at Saint Albans in 1461, Vaughan, along with Philip Malpas and William Hatclyf, sailed for Ireland with Henry's treasury, but were captured by French pirates. Edward IV, surprisingly, ransomed Vaughan from the pirates, for which Vaughan was forever afterwards loyal. Edward soon came to trust Vaughan and placed him in high offices.

Vaughan was appointed Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex for 1464. In 1465 Edward made him Treasurer of the King's Chamber and Master of the King's Jewels.

Edward also sent Vaughan as ambassador to the courts of Burgundy and France. He helped negotiate the marriage of Edward's sister, Margaret to the Duke of Burgundy in 1468.

In 1475, on the same day that Edward's eldest son, the future Edward V, was invested as Prince of Wales, Vaughan was knighted, having acted for some years as Chamberlain to the young prince.

In 1478, he was elected to parliament as knight of the shire for Cornwall.

After Edward IV died in 1483, Vaughan was accompanying Edward V from Ludlow to London when the party was intercepted by the future King Richard III, then Duke of Gloucester. Richard had Vaughan arrested and executed along with Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers and tutor for Edward V. Also arrested was Edward V's half brother, Sir Richard Grey, son of Sir John Grey of Groby, the first husband of Elizabeth Woodville. All three were beheaded at Pontefract Castle on 25 June 1483, in West Yorkshire.

Vaughan was the second husband of Eleanor Arundel, widow of Sir Thomas Browne, who had likewise been executed in 1460.

In Shakespeare's Richard III, Vaughan's ghost appears to the King on the eve of the Battle of Bosworth.

title: Thomas Vaughan (died 1483)


text:
Category talk:University and college mass media in Canada

∞ Who ? ¿ ? 02:14, 7 October 2005 (UTC)