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Battle of Las Salinas

The Battle of Las Salinas was a military conflict and decisive confrontation between the forces of Hernando and Gonzalo Pizarro against those of rival conquistador Diego de Almagro, on April 6, 1538, during the Conquest of Peru. Both camps claimed to represent the authority of the Spanish Crown; Pizarro's forces controlled the province of Nueva Castilla, and those of Almagro, Nueva Toledo.

After an hour of carnage, the battle yielded a victory for Pizarro's forces: with Almagro captured and his lieutenant, Rodrigo Orgóñez killed on the field of battle, the Pizarros routed the enemy and took possession of Cuzco. Almagro was executed in July 1538.

Background
The conflict between the Pizarro brothers and Almagro originated in a dispute over the possession of the city of Cuzco during the initial Spanish partition and administration of Peru. While Almagro controlled the city from 1537, both considered it under their jurisdiction. Almagro's enterprise had won him several earlier battles, but although he succeeded in taking the city by a coup de main, Pizarro's forces were by far the stronger in the region, leaving him with few options for its defence. Almagro, his fortunes on the wane, invalided by a debilitating disease, turned to Rodrigo Orgóñez to carry out the campaign.

Almagro's men made their first mistake by failing to secure the Guaitara pass guarding the approach to Cuzco; their enemy, braving the mountains, made a crossing and appeared in force along the coast. At a war council in Cuzco, Almagro even considered a new round of negotiations with the Pizarros; Orgóñez is said to have interrupted: "It is too late; you have liberated Hernando Pizarro, and nothing remains but to fight him."

Accordingly, Orgóñez marched his 500 men toward the ancient Indian salt mines of Cachipampa, situated about 5 km south of Cuzco. His choice of battlefield has been subject to criticism in that the broken terrain limited the use of his cavalry, which accounted for over half his force. The infantry, furthermore, was short on weapons and many were armed only with pikes. A battery of six falconets, on the other hand, gave him a marked advantage over his foes.

Pizarro's army consisted largely of infantry and numbered about 700. His cavalry was outmatched by Almagro's strong force of seasoned cavaliers, but in addition to veteran conquistadors he could rely on a contingent of Imperial arquebusiers recently arrived from Santo Domingo.

The battle
Orgóñez placed his infantry in the centre and a division of cavalry on each wing. Pizarro's army mirrored this deployment, with Alonso de Alvarado commanding one corps of cavalry and Hernando Pizarro the other. Gonzalo Pizarro led the battalion of infantry which spearheaded the first attack across the small river separating the two armies. Fire from Orgóñez's guns bit into Gonzalo's column and threw it into disorder, but the swampy ground prevented Orgóñez's cavalry from exploiting this advantage. Meanwhile, Pizarro's Imperial troops, gaining the other side, opened a murderous fire of double-headed shot on their enemies.

With the infantry locked in combat in the marshes, both Pizarro and Orgóñez brought forth their cavalry. On both sides, the left and right wings of cavalry merged into single columns under Orgóñez on one hand and Pizarro on the other. An epic shock followed as the two bodies met at full gallop, the men variously shouting "¡El Rey y Almagro!" or "¡El Rey y Pizarro!" Orgóñez, in the thick of the desperate fighting, was shot, unhorsed, and murdered while offering his surrender. His death unhinged his cavalry, which began to fall back in confusion despite its superiority.

Almagro's infantry, meanwhile, stood no chance against the superior firepower of Pizarro's men and, after an hour of brave fighting, began to scatter in the direction of Cuzco. Almagro watched the rout from his litter on a hill: "With an agony not to be described, he had seen his faithful followers, after their hard struggle, borne down by their opponents till, convinced that all was lost, he succeeded in mounting a mule, and rode off for a temporary refuge to the fortress of Cuzco."

Juan de Málaga, the husband of conquistadora Inés Suárez reportedly died in the battle of Salinas.

title: Battle of Las Salinas


text:
Ionizer

Ionizer or ioniser may refer to:

 * Air ioniser, a device that uses high voltage to ionise air molecules
 * Water ionizer, an appliance that ionizes water

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ionizer


text:
William Jackson (Massachusetts politician, born 1783)

William Jackson (September 2, 1783 – February 27, 1855) was a United States representative from Massachusetts who lived at the Jackson Homestead.

Early life
He was born in Newton on September 2, 1783. He attended the district school, where his father, Timothy Jackson, had taught. When he was fifteen, just a few years before his father's death in 1815, he was unfortunate to be stricken with a severe leg injury which would lame him for life. Timothy was in a slight but steady decline, and William had a high chance of dying or becoming an invalid, both of which would dash his hopes of becoming a wealthy, famous scholar or politician. However, that winter, the Newton library had opened, Timothy was unusually healthy, and William reported to have learned more than he ever had in all his years of schooling, curled up in his upstairs bedroom with a stack of useful old tomes.

When he was seventeen, William moved to Boston to work in the soap and candle factory his father had started. He soon gained respect and a reputation, and was shortly the foreman and eventually, the owner.

Personal life
During his years in Boston, he married a woman named Hannah Woodward. With her he had children Sarah, Timothy, and Marion, and 2 more daughters. After Hannah's death in 1812, when he was only 29 but already a respected figure, William married a woman named Mary Bennett. With her he had a daughter named Frances, unknown sons, unknown daughters, daughters Cornelia, Ellen, and Caroline, and a son named William Ward. Meanwhile, William continued to take new jobs and try new things.

During his time in Boston, William made fortunes, but also lost them. He represented Boston in the General Court, and became deeply involved in the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association and similar enterprises. In about 1820, feeling that his extensive public commitments and jobs were taking a toll on his private life, as he now had a wife and at least twelve children to support, he retired back to Newton, hoping to be a farmer, when he was roughly 37 years old. After Timothy's death, the shares of his property were divided as equally as possible between his sons and Lucretia's survivors. When William moved back to Newton, now a rich, grown man who was well known throughout the Boston area.

Political career
However, he soon found himself to be just as active as ever. By 1825 he was Chairman of the Board of Selectmen. One of the Board's various duties was the licensing and regulation of the "purveyors of ardent liquors", which he refused to grant until the regulations were more strictly enforced. Due almost completely to his influence, and despite horrific unpleasantness, opposition, and threats which terrified the "womenfolk" of his large household, Newton stayed dry and sober that year.

The window into the world of drinking William had gained in just those few months horrified and moved him so much that despite the cautionings of his daughters, he was a prime founder of the Newton chapter of the American Temperance Society, as well as the treasurer and secretary. After over a year of monthly meetings devoted solely to alcohol and temperance, interest waned and the Society was modified to a Lyceum in which all topics were discussed and debated. Almost by accident, William found himself scheduled to give a talk on railroads. Railroads and trains quickly became his lifelong interest, and he was eventually associated and involved with no fewer than seven railway companies and groups. It was due largely to his influence and support that a regular railway service was built between Newton and Boston in 1844, and he was among the first to start planning for the effect of this on real estate and housing values in Newton and Brighton.

In 1832–33, William Jackson represented Newton in the General Court. He became very active in various Anti-Masonic movements and was elected to the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth United States Congresses (March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1837). He declined to be a candidate for renomination to the Twenty-fifth Congress and resumed his manufacturing pursuits. The anti-Masonic movements collapsed in the next few years, but most of its supporters turned to the anti-slavery Liberty Party, which Jackson was one of the founding members, and would eventually merge with the Free Soil Party. William's association with the abolitionists would eventually lead to the Jackson Homestead being used as an Underground Railroad stop.

Last years
After a few years of moving to Newton, the candle factory became too much for William to manage, and he transitioned the business to his son, Timothy, and his nephew, Otis Trowbridge. William participated in a full range of town committees, meetings, and activities, especially education and religion. He was deeply religious at this point, although he had not been throughout his childhood, teens, and young adulthood. William served as secretary of the Newton Female Academy, and was active in the Sabbath Schools, Deacon of the First Church, and Deacon of the Eliot Church, which he helped to found, as an end to a full and prosperous career.

Jackson served as president of the American Missionary Society from 1846 to 1854, and he was publisher of a newspaper. Another result of the Newton Temperance Movement was the Newton Savings Bank, later to become the National Savings Bank, designed to help men save money as an alternative to spending it on liquor. William Jackson was its first president from its founding in 1848 until his death. He died in Newton on February 27, 1855. Interment was in the Old Burial Ground, East Parish Burying Ground.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kurt beyer films

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete all. Ral315 (talk) 14:32, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

Kurt beyer films and Kurt Gunter Beyer and redirects
Also the redirect Kurt Beyer Films. Also Kurt Gunter Beyer and its redirect Kurt Raymond Beyer.

—KurtGBeyer
 * Not notable. The referenced website is one page with "All Hail the Mighty Kurt?" on it. No Google hits. Kurt Gunter Beyer's only claim to notability is as head of this 'organisation'.DJ Clayworth 16:37, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, for a long while there were various flash cartoons on there, pretty goofy actually. Also, I've seen Ghost Fights on a myspace website for a while, but it was taken down after the link broke. - Harry Raymond — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.36.85.131 (talk • contribs) 21:48, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Mr. Beyer is quite a celebrity here in Montclair; his masterful film works are considered sacred by many townsfolk. I happen to have met the man in the flesh, and have had the pleasure of taking part in a few of his earlier films, such as "Henry Clay- Caught On Tape!" and "The Beast". As a routine contributor to Wikipedia (I've "edited" the George W. Bush page many a time) I feel that my statement here should nt be taken lightly. -Mattie I — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.197.3.77 (talk • contribs) 22:02, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The Kurt Beyer Films website used to be much larger, and receive many hits, but has recently been changed due to a hiatus from filming. Kurt Beyer truly is a local celebrity, and although I do not know him personally, I have seen his work and think he is worthy of a Wikipedia entry. -Andre Cernasov Oct 6, 2005 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.158.179.108 (talk • contribs) 15:30, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Besides being one of the great minds in Montclair, NJ...Mr. Beyer, ironically, has a great fashion sense. he taught me to pop my collar, and since then, the girls can't take their hands off me. Kurt Gunter Boyd Jefferson Carmichael Beyer's genius should be reflected in this great biography. -Art Core...Velay — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.193.9.194 (talk • contribs) 02:22, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, I'm Kurt Beyer and all of these facts are correct. I don't know how some of these things are remembered, but somehow it is almost complete now. KurtGbeyer 02:38, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Please note KurtGbeyer's scant contributions. —Cryptic (talk) 16:52, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This afd nomination was orphaned. Listing now.  Delete, RickK memorial sockpuppet limit breached.  (Also per nom.) —Cryptic (talk) 16:52, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-notable webfilm creator & company. So this AfD is where all the missing left socks are...--Isotope23 18:10, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn, puppetfest. MCB 21:27, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete puppet party. Denni ☯ 03:13, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. Above-average puppet-gushing made me laugh, though. Dottore So 09:49, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * DON'T DELETE, 'tis a real thing. leave it be. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.163.100.7 (talk • contribs) 17:52, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Can you provide any third-party verification? Perhaps some media attention? —Cryptic (talk) 18:33, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, no, I am yet to recieve any media attention. Perhaps soon in the future though

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Talk:Antigone (Sophocles play)

title: Talk:Antigone (Sophocles play)


text:
J curve

A J curve is any of a variety of J-shaped diagrams where a curve initially falls, then steeply rises above the starting point.

Balance of trade model

In economics, the "J curve" is the time path of a country’s trade balance following a devaluation or depreciation of its currency, under a certain set of assumptions. A devalued currency means imports are more expensive, and on the assumption that the volumes of imports and exports change little at first, this causes a fall in the current account (a bigger deficit or smaller surplus). After some time, though, the volume of exports starts to rise because of their lower   price  to foreign buyers, and domestic consumers buy fewer imports, which have become more expensive for them. Eventually the trade balance moves to a smaller deficit or larger surplus compared to what it was before the devaluation. Likewise, if there is a currency revaluation or appreciation the same reasoning may be applied and will lead to an inverted J curve.

Immediately following the depreciation or devaluation of the currency, the total value of imports will increase and exports remain largely unchanged due in part to pre-existing trade contracts that have to be honored. This is because in the short run, prices of imports rise due to the depreciation and also in the short run there is a lag in changing consumption of imports, therefore there is an immediate jump followed by a lag until the long run prevails and consumers stop importing as many expensive goods and along with the rise in exports cause the current account to increase (a smaller deficit or a bigger surplus). Moreover, in the short run, demand for the more expensive imports (and demand for exports, which are cheaper to foreign buyers using foreign currencies) remain price inelastic. This is due to time lags in the consumer's search for acceptable, cheaper alternatives (which might not exist).

Over the longer term a depreciation in the exchange rate can usually be expected to improve the current account balance. Domestic consumers switch to domestic products and away from the now more expensive imported goods and services. Equally, many foreign consumers may switch to purchasing the products being exported into their country, which are now cheaper in the foreign currency, instead of their own domestically produced goods and services.

Empirical investigations of the J curve have sometimes focused on the effect of exchange rate changes on the trade ratio, i.e. exports divided by imports, rather than the trade balance, exports minus imports. Unlike the trade balance, the trade ratio can be logarithmically transformed regardless of whether a trade deficit or trade surplus exists.

Asymmetric J-curve

The asymmetric J-curve implies that there could be an asymmetric relationship between the exchange rate changes and trade balance. The asymmetric effects of real exchange rate on trade balance were initially reported by the American economist Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. However, the term asymmetric J-curve was coined by the British economists Muhammad Ali Nasir and Mary Leung. They employed cumulative dynamic multiplier analysis and reported empirical evidence of an asymmetric J-curve in an article on US trade deficit.

Private equity
In private equity, the J curve is used to illustrate the historical tendency of private equity funds to deliver negative returns in early years and investment gains in the outlying years as the portfolios of companies mature.

In the early years of the fund, a number of factors contribute to negative returns including management fees, investment costs and under-performing investments that are identified early and written down. Over time the fund will begin to experience unrealized gains followed eventually by events in which gains are realized (e.g., IPOs, mergers and acquisitions, leveraged recapitalizations).

Historically, the J curve effect has been more pronounced in the US, where private equity firms tend to carry their investments at the lower of market value or investment cost and have been more aggressive in writing down investments than in writing up investments. As a result, the carrying value of any investment that is underperforming will be written down but the carrying value of investments that are performing well tend to be recognized only when there is some kind of event that forces the private equity firm to mark up the investment.

The steeper the positive part of the J curve, the quicker cash is returned to investors. A private equity firm that can make quick returns to investors provides investors with the opportunity to reinvest that cash elsewhere. Of course, with a tightening of credit markets, private equity firms have found it harder to sell businesses they previously invested in. Proceeds to investors have reduced. J curves have flattened dramatically. This leaves investors with less cash flow to invest elsewhere, such as in other private equity firms. The implications for private equity could well be severe. Being unable to sell businesses to generate proceeds and fees means some in the industry have predicted consolidation amongst private equity firms.

Revolution model
In political science, the "J curve" is part of a model developed by James Chowning Davies to explain political revolutions. Davies asserts that revolutions are a subjective response to a sudden reversal in fortunes after a long period of economic growth, which is known as relative deprivation. Relative deprivation theory claims that frustrated expectations help overcome the collective action problem, which in this case may breed revolt. Frustrated expectations could result from several factors, including growing levels of inequality within a country, which may mean those who are increasingly poor relative to the rich are getting less than they expected, or a period of sustained economic development, lifting general expectations, followed by a crisis.

This model is often applied to explain social and political unrest and efforts by governments to contain this unrest. This is referred to as the Davies' J curve, because economic development followed by a depression would be modeled as an upside down and slightly skewed J.

Country status model
Another "J curve" refers to the correlation between stability and openness. This theory was suggested initially by the author Ian Bremmer, in his book The J Curve: A New Way to Understand Why Nations Rise and Fall.

The x-axis of the political J curve graph measures the 'openness' of the economy in question and the y-axis measures the stability of that same state. It suggests that those states that are 'closed'/undemocratic/unfree (such as the Communist dictatorships of North Korea and Cuba) are very stable; however, as one progresses right, along the x-axis, it is evident that stability (for relatively short period of time in the lengthy life of nations) decreases, creating a dip in the graph, until beginning to pick up again as the 'openness' of a state increases; at the other end of the graph to closed states are the open states of the West, such as the United States of America or the United Kingdom. Thus, a J-shaped curve is formed.

States can travel both forward (right) and backwards (left) along this J curve, and so stability and openness are never secure. The J is steeper on the left hand side, as it is easier for a leader in a failed state to create stability by closing the country than to build a civil society and establish accountable institutions; the curve is higher on the far right than left because states that prevail in opening their societies (Eastern Europe, for example) ultimately become more stable than authoritarian regimes.

Bremmer's entire curve can shift up or down depending on economic resources available to the government in question. So Saudi Arabia's relative stability at every point along the curve rises or falls depending on the price of oil; China's curve analogously depends on the country's economic growth.

Medicine
In medicine, the "J curve" refers to a graph in which the x-axis measures either of two treatable symptoms (blood pressure or blood cholesterol level) while the y-axis measures the chance that a patient will develop cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is well known that high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels increase a patient's risk. What is less well known is that plots of large populations against CVD mortality often take the shape of a J curve which indicates that patients with very low blood pressure and/or low cholesterol levels are also at increased risk.

title: J curve


text:
Brighouse railway station

Brighouse railway station serves the town of Brighouse in West Yorkshire, England. The station lies on the Calder Valley line running west from Leeds. Opened in 1840, and closed in 1970, it reopened in 2000 and is served by Northern Trains and Grand Central services.

History
Brighouse railway station was first opened on 5 October 1840, as a main line station operated by the Manchester & Leeds Railway (M&L). The station was initially known as Brighouse for Bradford, as no stations had yet been built in Bradford itself. Similarly, Elland station served Halifax, and Huddersfield was served by the station at Cooper Bridge.

A lithograph was produced by Arthur Fitzwilliam Tait showing the station in 1845.

In 1847 Brighouse station came under the control of the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway (L&Y), when the M&L was incorporated into that company. The station remained under L&Y operation until it was incorporated into the London, Midland & Scottish Railway in 1923. The station's importance had gradually declined because other lines connecting Manchester and Leeds were built via Halifax and Huddersfield, bypassing Brighouse.

Brighouse station passed into British Railways ownership upon nationalisation in 1948, and was operated as part of the North Eastern Region. The decline in passenger numbers continued, and the station closed on 5 January 1970. The line remained open throughout that time as a freight-only one, but it was also used as a diversionary route for passenger trains when other lines were closed.

Brighouse station reopened on 28 May 2000. It also serves the town of Elland some 2 mi away. Plans for a station in Elland to open at the same time as Brighouse were cancelled due to lack of funds.

On opening the station was served by one train per hour running to Leeds via Halifax and Bradford, and one train per hour in the other direction to Huddersfield. Trains called every two hours on Sundays.

From 27 April 2008 a bus service MC4 provided a connection with most Leeds via Dewsbury trains to/from Elland. This was replaced in early 2010 by a revised service E8.

In December 2008, the service was supplemented by an hourly Leeds - Dewsbury - Hebden Bridge - Manchester Victoria - Southport stopping service (Monday - Saturday daytime only, no late evening or Sunday service). This provided a considerable service improvement providing both a twice-hourly frequency for journeys to/from Leeds and a reduction in journey time taking only 35 minutes to travel to Leeds via Dewsbury rather than 50 minutes via Halifax. Even without this important improvement in services, usage of the station has increased year on year since the reopening. Some services from Leeds terminate at Brighouse and start back from here.

In May 2010, Grand Central's Bradford Interchange to London service commenced.

In May 2018, the Sunday service from Leeds to Huddersfield via Brighouse was doubled in frequency to one per hour in each direction.

Services
As of May 2018 Brighouse is regularly served by two trains per hour to Leeds, one train per hour to Huddersfield and one train per hour to Southport via Hebden Bridge and Manchester Victoria.

The Leeds service includes a faster journey via Dewsbury and a slower journey via Halifax and Bradford Interchange.

On Sundays there is one train per hour to Leeds (via Halifax and Bradford) and one train per hour to Huddersfield, where passengers can change for services to Manchester and fast services to Leeds.

In addition to the regular service pattern, there are four direct return services per day to London King's Cross via Wakefield Kirkgate and Doncaster, including Sundays.

From the December 2019 timetable change, the Leeds via Halifax service now terminates at Bradford Interchange on weekdays and Saturdays (it still operates through on Sundays).

A limited amount of TransPennine Express Services call here instead of Huddersfield.

Station facilities
The station has two platforms.

 * Platform 1: served by services towards Huddersfield, Leeds (via Dewsbury), Wakefield Kirkgate, Doncaster and London Kings Cross
 * Platform 2: served by services towards Wigan Wallgate, Manchester Victoria, and Leeds (via Halifax and Bradford Interchange).

Northern Rail and West Yorkshire Metro secured joint funding from the Department for Transport's Access for All – Small Schemes initiative to provide a new Customer Information System at the station.

New LCD style passenger information screens with real-time information have been fitted on both platforms linked into an improved public address system providing accurate, reliable audio/visual train running information to passengers.

In addition; Northern has announced plans to replace the station's HelpPoint intercom system with a more updated reliable model. This will let passengers speak to a member of staff in Northern's control centre for information or to summon assistance in emergency situations.

Filming location
The station features in the award-winning BBC comedy The Thick of It, series 4 episode 4 (from minute 21).

title: Brighouse railway station


text:
Kauraka Kauraka

Kauraka Kauraka (5 September 1951 – 1997) was a Cook Islands writer. He was born in Avatiu on Rarotonga, the main island of the Cooks, and educated at the University of the South Pacific in Suva, Fiji, and the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. He published six collections of poems in the English and Rarotongan languages. When Kauraka died in 1997, he was buried on the atoll of Manihiki, northern Cooks. He was the brother of artist and writer Tepaeru Tereora.

title: Kauraka Kauraka


text: Talk:Tom Hodgkinson

title: Talk:Tom Hodgkinson


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/FPS Doug

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Redirect to Pure Pwnage. Ëvilphoenix Burn! 03:29, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

FPS Doug
Basically a not notable bio, but to be sure I AfD:d it. Some internet based character. Go figure. feydey 16:40, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Not an nn-bio so much because it's really about the character. It's a completely nn character though who's been featured on some web videos and the article borders on adcruft.  Delete.
 * Forgot to sign my comment above.--Isotope23 20:00, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Redirect to Pure Pwnage.  Grue  12:41, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect as per Grue. --Bash 03:09, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Harry Judd

Qualifications / marathon
No such thing as an A* in A-level art. Maximum grade is A. For GCSE it is A*. Harry Judd in the marathon 2008 worth mentioning me thinks —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.104.181.209 (talk) 19:39, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

Name
Not trying to be picky but isn't his full first name Harold not just Harry? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.104.154.158 (talk) 20:58, 22 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Possibly, but we don't have a source that gives his proper name. -mattbuck (Talk) 21:06, 22 April 2010 (UTC)
 * His birth was registered with first forename HARRY GRO ref Q1/1986 Chelmsford 146.200.94.8 (talk) 10:48, 11 May 2024 (UTC)

Picture
I'd like ot suggest a new picture, one where you see all his face and without some object covering most of it up. User:Green01 2:20, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

I propose this one: http://www.fansitesuk.com/mcfly/coppermine/displayimage.php?album=51&pos=5. User:Green01 12:43, October 2006 (UTC).

Vocals?
does Harry actually sing in McFly or does he just play drums?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.30.95.125 (talk) 21:16, 25 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Some backing vocals I believe. -mattbuck (Talk) 22:04, 25 March 2011 (UTC)
 * The McFly article lists only drums and percussion, and none of the individual album articles credit him with any vocals. 109.154.156.195 (talk) 12:40, 23 October 2011 (UTC)

Reverted edit 10/17/2011
I reverted the most recent edit to the Strictly Come Dancing paragraph. While it seems like a good idea to provide some coverage of his Strictly results through his page, we can probably link it to the Strictly Season 9 Results page or port the rubric for that here, rather than have a long paragraph detailing each week at the end of an already long section. The edit also removed an existing reference in favor of a less specific link to the Strictly home page which in an article that's already short on references seemed unnecessary. smf (talk) 07:55, 18 October 2011 (UTC)
 * But now we have a table of results! I would have thought a reference, or even a link, to the Strictly web page would be useful. I'm still not quite sure why we have to name all four judges, and provide wikilinks for them, and also show what their individual scores were for only one of Judd's dances. 109.153.208.175 (talk) 18:45, 18 October 2011 (UTC)
 * I completely agree, I just created the table last night to provide the information that the edit I reverted was trying to present. I didn't delete that final sentence which I also think is overkill just to err on the side of more content rather than less. I think the entire Life and Career section needs an overhaul, including a chronological split into subsections, one of which could be 2011, under which SCD could be a major paragraph. But I haven't quite had the time yet to gather sources and all that. Please contribute anything you think would help! (Or for that matter, clean up things you think are unnecessary.) smf (talk) 19:19, 18 October 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Harry Judd. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20071015021641/http://www.mcflyofficial.com:80/theband/index.php?id=2 to http://www.mcflyofficial.com/theband/index.php?id=2

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Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 05:56, 10 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Harry Judd. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20140810042211/http://issuu.com/bainespsa/docs/a56907_ou_uppingham_mag_web to http://issuu.com/bainespsa/docs/a56907_ou_uppingham_mag_web

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The Weakest Link
Appeared on The Weakest Link BBC1 13TH JAN 2024 Percy2345 (talk) 20:57, 13 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Harry Judd


text:
Talk:Paul Vallely

Untitled
http://www.commissionforafrica.org/english/about/secretariat-vallely.html

this is not copyright material. it is in the public domain

i agree. similar material is available in the biog notes of most of Vallely's books

New biog now posted. JMcA

Disambiguation
I've added "British" in the initial disambiguation line on account of the unflattering picture of the American Paul E. Vallely painted in MarkMLl (talk) 18:00, 20 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Paul Vallely


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Polis, Cyprus

Polis (or Polis Chrysochous; Πόλη Χρυσοχούς or Πόλις Χρυσοχούς, Poli) is a town at the north-west end of the island of Cyprus, at the centre of Chrysochous Bay, and on the edge of the Akamas peninsula nature reserve.

Polis is served by the fishing port of Latchi.

History
From the Ottoman period onwards, Polis became a mixed town, having sizeable Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities. The 1831 census, which recorded only males, showed a total male population of 150 with a Turkish Cypriot majority. By the turn of the century, the Greek Cypriots had become the majority, with the 1891 census showing a population of 476 (258 Greek Cypriots, 218 Turkish Cypriots).

During the intercommunal violence of 1963–64, all Turkish Cypriots of Polis and the nearby village of Prodromi took place in the town's Turkish secondary school. 714 Turkish Cypriots lived in overcrowded conditions in a strip of land with the area of "a few hundred squared yards" until 1974. This enclave was controlled by fighters from the Turkish Resistance Organisation (TMT). During the conflict in 1974, the quarter was attacked by Greek Cypriot militia, after which the Turkish Cypriot fighters fled. Following the August 1974 ceasefire, some Turkish Cypriots of the village escaped to the north via the mountains. The rest were evacuated in 1975. Some displaced Greek Cypriots from the north were then resettled in Poli.

Facilities
The Baths of Aphrodite and the recently discovered ruins of the medieval Georgian Orthodox monastery of Gialia are located near the town.

Nowadays, Polis is the administrative centre of the area which includes 23 communities. The larger communities include the villages of Prodromi, Latchi, and Neo Chorio to the West, and Argaka and Gialia to the East.

Facilities include a campsite on the beach, several small hotels, at least one of each type of shop, one branch of each major Cypriot bank, and many bars and restaurants mainly clustered around the town square and the pedestrianised streets to the south. A small bus station acts as the hub of a network of infrequent bus routes connecting the outer villages as well as the near hourly 645 route to Paphos.

Facilities further afield include boat hire and boat trips from Latchi harbour, nature trails and walks from Baths of Aphrodite, and surfing and windboarding at Argaka. An almost unbroken chain of beaches runs from Aphrodite in the west to Gialia in the east and range from busy tourist ones equipped with sunbeds and cafes to more remotes ones only accessible by boat or 4WD vehicle.

The Municipality puts on cultural events including traditional dances and music outside the town hall during the summer months and arranges other fetes and festivals throughout the year.

Name
The village where the town gets its full name from, Chrysochou, is located about 2 km inland to the south and the bay the whole region is located on is called Chrysochou bay. The Greek word "Polis" simply means city or city-state, so the town's full name, Polis Chrysochou, is derived from it being the administrative centre for the region. Chrysochou in turn derives its name from the Greek word "Chryso" meaning gold, likely intended to mean prosperity in relation to the nearby copper mines as no source or record of gold is known in the vicinity.

Popular culture references
Ruth Evershed, a fictional MI5 analyst and spy in the Spooks series, lived in Polis for some time.

title: Polis, Cyprus


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Dance hall (Jamaican)

The dance halls of Jamaica in the 1950s and 1960s were home to public dances usually targeted at younger patrons. Sound system operators had big home-made audio systems (often housed in the flat bed of a pickup truck), spinning records from popular American rhythm and blues musicians and Jamaican ska and rocksteady performers. The term dancehall has also come to refer to a subgenre of reggae that originated around 1980.

History
Dance hall owners and sound system operators often competed fiercely with other owners/operators to capture the attention of their young clientele. The competition often led to the hiring of Rude boys to break up a competitor's dance, which fostered the growth and violent tendencies of this subculture. Dance halls contributed to the rise of ska as the predominant form of popular music at the time, and gave rise to a new social power in the form of major sound system operators like Duke Reid, and Coxsone Dodd. It was in the dance halls that ska dancing originated.

Jamaican dance halls of today still bear strong resemblance to the days when Dodd was spinning the latest release out of Studio One. Dance halls of today often serve as competition grounds for DJs, just like they did in the early days, though today's competitions end less often in the dance being broken up by rude boys.

Notable early DJs
Coxsone Dodd was born on January 26 1932 in Kingston, Jamaica. He began at a young age playing bebop and jazz records in his parents' liquor store for their customers in the late 1940s. He then moved to United States to work as a cane cutter, and it was there that he began to listen to rhythm and blues. After a short period of time he moved back to Jamaica with his own PA system, turntable, and box of records. Dodd set up his first sound system, the DownBeat, in 1954 playing boogie-woogie, jazz, and R&B. Prince Buster was born Cecil Campbell in 1938 in Kingston, Jamaica. After working for the Coxson Sound System, he created his own sound system in 1962 called The Voice of the People. Campbell dedicated himself to providing a voice for the African diaspora.

title: Dance hall (Jamaican)


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File:ForeFront Records logo.png

Summary
Logo for ForeFront Records

title: File:ForeFront Records logo.png


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User talk:Nitchnotch

I am the almighty nitchnotch bow before me, tremble in my foot steps! MUAHAHHAHAHAHASHAHHAHAHAHHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAAHA

title: User talk:Nitchnotch


text:
List of Top of the Pops dance troupes

This is a list of Top of the Pops dance troupes.

January to October 1964 – no dance troupes
In the era before promotional videos were routinely produced for every charting single, the BBC would frequently have neither the band themselves nor alternative footage available for a song selected for the programme. In the first few months of the show in 1964, the director would just scan across the audience dancing in the absence of any other footage, but by October 1964 a decision was made to at least occasionally bring in a dance troupe with a choreographed routine to some of the tracks.

November 1964 to April 1968 – The Go-Jos
An initial candidate troupe was the existing BBC TV Beat Girls, but an ex-dancer from the Beat Girls, Jo Cook, was eventually engaged to create a troupe, the all-female Go-Jos, with Cook as choreographer. The Go-Jos also worked outside of Top of the Pops, notably for two years on the Val Doonican show – Doonican said in 1968 “I thought the Gojos were fabulous, something really new. When I got my own television series I just had to have them with me.”

They were initially a three-piece (Pat Hughes for the first edition only, Linda Hotchkin and Jane Bartlett), but their number eventually grew to six (Hotchkin, Bartlett, Lesley Larbey, Wendy Hilhouse, Barbara van der Heyde and Thelma Bignell) with Cook as full-time choreographer. Lulu remembered of their costumes "They mostly wore white boots to the knee and short skirts and the camera would go up the skirt and it was all very risqué."

Cook herself said of working on the Doonican show (of which she was dance director) comparing to Top of the Pops, “Pop steps are limited...With Val we have more scope, and we can work to get more of the feel of ballet into our numbers.”

May to June 1968 – Go-Jos/Pan's People transition
In April 1968, a Top of the Pops choreographer, Virginia Mason, auditioned for dancers for a routine  on Top of The Pops (Simon Says by the 1910 Fruitgum Company); two of whom that were successful (Ruth Pearson and Patricia "Dee Dee" Wilde) were part of the existing six-female dance troupe, Pan's People. Like the Go-Jos, this group was also partly drawn from ex-members of the Beat Girls. Although this routine did not make it onto the programme itself, in subsequent weeks, members of Pan's People (Louise Clarke, Felicity "Flick" Colby, Barbara "Babs" Lord, Pearson, Andrea "Andi" Rutherford and Wilde) started to appear on the programme separately to the Go-Jos. Pan's People were then selected by the BBC over the Go-Jos when they chose a group to be the resident troupe. The Go-Jos' final Top Of The Pops performance was in June 1968 dancing to Jumping Jack Flash by The Rolling Stones.

July 1968 to April 1976 – Pan's People
As with the Go-Jos, in the first eighteen months of the Pan's People era the dancers were not a weekly fixture on the programme. However, due to group fan mail and good viewing figures, by 1970 the group was on nearly every week. Pay was not high, they were paid the minimum equity rate of £56 per week. One of the original Pan's People dancers, Colby, became full-time choreographer in 1971. Colby spoke of the dancing – "They weren't Broadway-standard routines...we were definitely doing watercolours, not oil paintings."

May to October 1976 – Ruby Flipper
In early 1976, the last remaining of the early members of Pan's People, Ruth Pearson announced her retirement, leaving just four members all of whom who had joined within the last four years; Cherry Gillespie, Mary Corpe, Lee Ward and Sue Menhenick. Rather than continue with this line up or add additional members, it was decided by Colby and BBC production staff to replace this group with a male and female group created for the programme, Ruby Flipper, choreographed by Colby and managed by Colby with Pearson. Lee Ward left shortly after this decision was made, reportedly saying regarding the change "It's a big mistake. Men rush home to watch sexy ladies. They do not want to see other men.".

Rehearsals for this new group started in March 1976, and the group began appearing on Top Of The Pops in May 1976. Whilst producers were aware of the switch to the new group, Bill Cotton, the then head of the light entertainment unit of which Top Of The Pops was part, was not. This group started as a seven-piece with three men (Gavin Trace, Floyd Pearce and Phil Steggles) and four women (Menhenick, Gillespie, Patti Hammond and Lulu Cartwright). Corpe was not invited to join the new troupe. Trace, Pearce, Steggles and Cartwright joined following open auditions, Hammond, an established dancer, was invited to join to complete the "look" following a later individual audition. Colby viewed this gender-mixed group as an opportunity to develop more physical routines including lifts., more duets and generally not have the whole group at each performance.

However, by August the BBC had decided to terminate the group due to perceived unpopularity and being "... out of step with viewers". Their final appearance was in October 1976 (by this time Trace and Gillespie had already left, reducing Ruby Flipper to five members), with the senior management insisting on a replacement all-female grouping. Flick Colby recalled of this time “Bill Cotton called me in and said the British public didn’t want to see black men dancing with white women...I argued, but he told me to form another all-girl group or I was out."

November 1976 to October 1981 – Legs & Co
The group created to replace Ruby Flipper was Legs & Co, reverting to an all-female line-up, and once more choreographed by Colby. Three of the six in the initial line-up (Menhenick, Cartwight and Hammond) were taken from Ruby Flipper. with Rosie Hetherington, Gill Clarke and Pauline Peters making up the six. Despite being an all-female group, on occasion one or more male dancers were brought in, notably Pearce several times.

During their run the group covered the transition from Disco to Punk, Electronic and Modern Romantic music. Notably, they danced to two Sex Pistols tracks, as the Sex Pistols never did a studio performance in this period.

December 1981 to September 1983 – Zoo
By late 1981, Legs & Co (by this time Anita Chellamah had replaced Peters) had become more integrated into the studio audience, rather than performing set-piece routines, as a result of the 'party atmosphere' brought in by Michael Hurll. Also by this time Colby was particularly keen to work once more with male dancers; feeling it time for a change, Legs & Co's stint was ended, and a twenty-member dance troupe (ten male, ten female), named Zoo was created, with an set of performers drawn from the pool of twenty each week. Colby was now credited as "Dance Director". Three members of previous troupes, Menhenick, Corpe and Chellamah, made at least one appearance each during the Zoo period. The dancers now chose their own clothes, moving away from the synchronised appearance of previous troupes.

October 1983 to 2006 – After Zoo
By the early 1980s, record companies were offering the BBC free promotional videos, meaning dance troupes no longer fulfilled their original purpose. Zoo's run ended in 1983, and with it the use of dance troupes on Top Of The Pops.

After the demise of Zoo, the audience took a more active role, often dancing in more prominent areas such as behind performing acts on the back of the stage, and on podiums. However, in addition the show also employed so-called cheerleaders to lead the dancing.

Dance Troupe chronology
Go-Jos' first performance: 19 November 1964 – Dancing to Baby Love by The Supremes

Pan's People first performance (three of the dancers, independently contracted):  April 1968 – Dancing to Young Girl by Gary Puckett & The Union Gap or Respect by Aretha Franklin

Pan's People's first performance (as the six-piece group of early 1968): 30 May 1968 – Dancing to U.S. Male by Elvis Presley

Go-Jos' final performance: 27 June 1968 – Dancing to Jumping Jack Flash by The Rolling Stones

Pan's People's final performance: 29 April 1976 – Dancing to Silver Star by The Four Seasons

Ruby Flipper's first performance: 6 May 1976 – Dancing to Can't Help Falling In Love by The Stylistics

Ruby Flipper's final performance: 14 October 1976 – Dancing to Play That Funky Music by Wild Cherry

Legs & Co's first performance (credited as ??????): 21 October 1976 – Dancing to Queen Of My Soul by Average White Band

Legs & Co's first performance (credited as Legs & Co): 11 November 1976 – Dancing to Spinning Rock Boogie by Hank C. Burnette

Legs & Co's final performance: 29 October 1981 – Dancing to Favourite Shirts (Boy Meets Girl) by Haircut 100

Sue Menhenik of Legs & Co's final performance credited as part of Zoo December 1981 - Dancing to Finding My Way Home by Jon and Vangelis. The last person associated to Pans People.

Zoo's first performance: 5 November 1981 – Dancing to Twilight by E.L.O.

Zoo's final performance: 29 September 1983 – Dancing to What I Got Is What You Need by Unique

The full-height vertical lines indicate the last performance of each troupe.

title: List of Top of the Pops dance troupes


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Liz Gallacher

Liz Gallacher is a British music supervisor based in Los Angeles. Gallacher has been called "one of the UK's leading independent music consultants". Her work on projects such as The Full Monty (which won a BRIT Award for Best Soundtrack) and Resident Evil (featuring a Grammy-nominated track by Slipknot) garnered praise from producers, directors, and the press.

She's well-known for her work on independent films as well as documentaries, and has worked on two Oscar-winning documentaries, One Day in September and The Cove. She has also been recognized by The Guild of Music Supervisors for several of her films including Rudderless, War on Everyone, and Studio 54, which won her the award for Best Supervision for a Documentary at the 2019 awards.

She also worked on the critically acclaimed television series Patrick Melrose and Masters of Sex as well at the Netflix Documentary series ''Beckham (TV series) which chronicles the life and career of David Beckham.

Liz has worked with directors such as Paul Anderson, Neill Blomkamp, John Michael McDonagh, Peter Cattaneo, Michael Winterbottom, and Gurinder Chadha.

Filmography

 * The Land Girls (1998)
 * The Full Monty (1997) (Academy Award: Best Original Score, Comedy; BRIT Award: Best Soundtrack)
 * Hideous Kinky (1998)
 * Fanny and Elvis (1998)
 * Notting Hill (music consultant to Richard Curtis) (1999)
 * One Day in September (1999)
 * The Closer You Get (2000)
 * Gangster No.1 (2000)
 * Man Utd - Beyond the Promised Land
 * Some Voices (2000)
 * Goodbye Charlie Bright (2000)
 * Large (2000)
 * On the Edge (2000)
 * Disco Pigs (2000)
 * The Low Down (2000)
 * Very Annie Mary (2000)
 * When Brendan Met Trudy (2001)
 * Late Night Shopping (2001)
 * Lucky Break (2001)
 * The Hole (2001)
 * 24 Hour Party People (2001)
 * Miranda (2002)
 * The Gathering Storm(2002)
 * Resident Evil (2002)
 * White Teeth (2003)
 * Dot the I (2003)
 * Meek (2003)
 * Live Forever: The Rise and Fall of Brit Pop (2003)
 * Calendar Girls (2003)
 * Keen Eddie (2003)
 * Bend It Like Beckham (2003)
 * Layer Cake (2004)
 * Being Julia (2004)
 * Resident Evil 2 (2004)
 * Where the Truth Lies (2005)
 * The Dark (2005)
 * Kinky Boots (2005)
 * Blind Guy (2005)
 * Happily N'Ever After (2005)
 * Imagine Me & You (2005)
 * Life 'n' Lyrics (2006)
 * We Live in Public (2009)
 * The Cove (2009)
 * Fish Tank (2009)
 * The Romantics (2010)
 * Barney's Version (2010)
 * Cemetery Junction (2010)
 * Super (2010)
 * Conviction (2010)
 * Vanishing on 7th Street (2010)
 * Let Me In (2010)
 * Janie Jones (2010)
 * The Guard (2011)
 * Project Nim (2011)
 * Buck (2011)
 * Flypaper (2011)
 * Texas Killing Fields (2011)
 * Hunky Dory (2011)
 * The Imposter (2012)
 * Mobbed (2012)
 * Marley (2012)
 * Safe (2012)
 * Now is Good (2012)
 * Elysium (2013)
 * Calvary (2014)
 * Rudderless (2014)
 * Los Jets (2014)
 * Racing Extinction (2015)
 * Drunk Stoned Brilliant Dead: The Story of the National Lampoon (2015)
 * Legend (2015)
 * Masters of Sex (television series, 2016)
 * War on Everyone (2016)
 * Vincent N Roxxy (2016)
 * Pimp (2017)
 * Snatch (2017)
 * If I Leave Here Tomorrow: A Film About Lynyrd Skynyrd (2018)
 * Do You Trust This Computer? (2018)
 * The Miracle Season (2018)
 * Patrick Melrose (television series, 2018)
 * Dog Days (2018)
 * Studio 54 (2018)
 * Where's My Roy Cohn? (2019)
 * Military Wives (2019)
 * Word on Bathroom Walls (2020)
 * Console Wars (2020)
 * The Serpent (2020)
 * Dark (2020)
 * The Sleepover (2020)
 * Belushi (2020)
 * Palmer (2021)
 * The Forgiven (2021)

title: Liz Gallacher


text:
User:PriyazWorld

Gajini
A Tamil movie starting Surya and Asin. It's a tamil remake of "Momento" - basically the timeline in the movie is backwards- it's a good concept. Surya- has been in this Tamil movie Industry for some time now, and after his hit movie KAAKA KAAKA, he got a great opportunity to show off his acting skills in Gajini. He's quiet handsome and has a very good presence in the movie. Music director Harris Jayaraj did the background score for this film, and sounds superb. it's fast paced, off-beat- takes about 2 or 3 times to get used to it. Refreshing! this movie is crap.rip off

Looking forward to Gajini coming to the US theatres in the near future.

[]

--Priya 16:53, 5 October 2005 (UTC)PriyazWorld

title: User:PriyazWorld


text: User talk:69.211.136.175

title: User talk:69.211.136.175