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Eleme people

The Eleme people are one of the various groups of indigenous peoples that inhabit the Niger Delta region of South-South Nigeria.

Location
The Eleme people live in ten major towns situated in Eleme Local Government Area, Rivers State, around 20 km east of Port Harcourt. They include: Akpajo, Aleto, Alesa, Alode, Agbonchia, Ogale, Ebubu, Ekporo, Eteo and Onne.

The total territory occupied by the Eleme people expands across approximately 140 square kilometres.Eleme is bounded in the north by Obio Akpor and Oyigbo, in the South by Okrika and Ogu Bolo, in the east by Tai and the West by Okrika and Port Harcourt.

Ethnicity
In early colonial records Eleme is erroneously called Mbolli by neighboring Igbo people. The name came from the slave merchants of Arochuku who used the words "Mbolli Iche" which means "one country that is different" in the Igbo language to describe the people of Eleme. When the British colonising force entered Eleme around April 1898, their escorts introduced the people of Eleme to the British as Mbolli people.

Linguistically and ethnographically Eleme is a distinct ethnic group in Nigeria. The Eleme language is very distinct, though phonetically sounds like Ogoni Language, and this has raised the debate over whether or not Eleme is part of Ogoni. However, some Eleme people have affirmed that they are not part of Ogoni group. This is what is said from Ogoni Bill of Rights about whether or not Eleme was included as part of Ogoni. "'The inclusion of eleme and, to a lesser extent that of other Ogoni kingdoms, spoken by isolated and distinct clans on the western border as within the Ibibio stock is only proposed tentatively, and the former is chiefly included because of its history with Ogoni.' Vol IX, p. 96 "

Society
Eleme is traditionally an agricultural society, with farmers travelling out to farms situated around the villages, though the emergence of white-collar jobs and the industrial activities going on in modern-day Eleme tend to shift the paradigm.

Crops include yams, cassava, oil palm fruit, fluted pumpkin, and bitter-leaf. In traditional Eleme society, the crops cultivated were primarily used to sustain the family (subsistence farming)), but each family also typically traded their excess crops at one of the town markets. Family members who were employed outside of the agricultural industry still farmed their land as a supplementary income. Farmworkers were usually women and hired labourers. A trend that has remained typical of the agricultural workforce in Eleme. The men sometimes helped their women with farming.

Eleme has two districts: the Nchia and the Odido, with same language but varying dialect. With inter-marriages and mixture, both dialects have gradually merged. Though those from the odido still speak the correct dialect. he eleme language means, Eleame (which means who wins)

Okon-Esaa festival
The Okon-Esaa festival, also known as the Yam Title Festival, is a principal tradition of the Eleme. Okon-Esaa was not celebrated between 1975 and 2019. A yam title holder in Eleme is held in higher regard and honor than other members of the community. Before white collar jobs and western education, yam title holders were the prominent figures in the community. The quantity of yams a man can plant and harvest is seen as a gauge of his strength and capability.

Religion
Christianity is the dominant religion in southern Nigeria and is widespread in Eleme. The first church in Eleme was established in the historic town of Alode in the year 1910. The church is known as St Stephens Anglican Church, Alode parish. Traditional animist beliefs are also upheld by few of the population, including those who identify themselves as Christians. Marriages are traditionally polygamous and commonly exogamous with both other Ogoni and non-Ogoni groups across the Niger Delta. While the introduction of Christianity has undoubtedly led to a greater number of monogamous marriages in the region, polygamy and Christianity do not appear to be mutually exclusive in some families.

Language
Eleme people speak the Eleme language. The language have been listed as one of the most endangered languages in Nigeria. This is because the vast majority of the people use English or Pidgin as their main means of communication. Many efforts have been made to encourage people to speak Eleme, including the publication of books in Eleme and the production of short comedy videos in Eleme known as Ekâ Eleme Ré Pé (Eleme language won't go into extinction).

Industrial activity
Eleme area is heavily concentrated with heavy industry. Two major refineries, a foremost fertiliser plant in west Africa, a sea port, with so many other companies located in Onne such as Panalpina, Intels, Dangote Cement, P&O, Federal Lighter Terminal, Federal Ocean Terminal, WACT, etc. The privatised petrochemicals (EPCL) now Indorama Eleme Petrochemicals limited (IEPCL), the newly built Indorama Eleme Fertilizer Company Limited (IEFCL). There are two fertilizer companies in one LGA and others within the same complex.

Socio-political system
The Eleme kingdom is ruled by a King known as Oneh Eh Eleme (Ruler of Eleme). Beneath him are the paramount rulers of each of the two major clans Oneh Eh Nchia (Ruler of Nchia) and Oneh Eh Odido (Ruler of Odido). Each clan is further divided into small communities (and then further into areas of the community). The traditional ruler of each community is known as Oneh Eh Eta (Owner of the Town). The current King of Eleme is His Royal Majesty Emere Dr. Philip Obele, Oneh Eh Eleme XI. The kingship is not hereditary, as it rotates from community to community. The succession of Eleme Paramount Rulers are as follows Akaraolu Siara, Edoo Ngoya, Oluji Okochi, Saka Onorwi, Osaro Ngofa, Igwe Ogborowa, Michael Igwe, Walter Gbute Ngegwe, Ngei A. O. Ngei , Samuel O Ejire and Philip Obele

Economy
The Eleme are traditionally an agricultural society, with workers travelling out to farms situated around the villages. Crops include yam, cassava, palm-oil fruit, fluted pumpkin and bitter-leaf. Crops are primarily used to sustain each family, but each family also typically trades their excess crops at one of the town markets. Even where family members are employed outside of agriculture, they still farm their own land as a supplement income. Farm workers are usually women.

Following the discovery of oil in the Niger Delta in the 1958, oil refineries and fertiliser factories were built in the area, increasing the role of the industrial economy. The nearest oil refinery is within a mile of an Eleme village, and around 100 wells are thought to be in use throughout the Ogoni territory. Oil extraction has had significant political and environmental effects in the Niger Delta, with pollution from national industries based on Ogoni-land increasing acid rain and reducing soil, water and air qualities.

Ogoni-land has become an area of much political interest over the last 40 years since oil exploration is estimated to account for around 65 percent of Nigerian Government budgetary revenue and 95 percent of all foreign exchange earnings. Consequent high levels of migration into Eleme territory by other ethnic groups in Nigeria have made a sizeable impact on Eleme society. The presence of non-Elemes hoping to find work within the chemical industries has affected the social importance of Eleme cultural identity, raising concerns over the retention of Eleme cultural practices and language use. Hence the Eleme language has become one of the most endangered languages in Nigeria.

Notable people

 * His Royal Majesty Emere (Dr.) Philip Obele (The King of Eleme)
 * Archbishop Ignatius Kattey (Anglican)
 * Barrister Isaac Kamalu (Legal Practitioner / Politician)
 * Senator Magnus Abe (Politician / Lawyer)
 * Senator Olaka Nwogu (Politician)
 * Pastor Simeon Job Okochi (Adventist)
 * Archbishop Friday Nwator (TAPAC)
 * Ambassador Oji N. Ngofa
 * Hon. Barr. Pat Ajudua Ph.D.
 * Chief Dr. Nwokolu Dimkpa Nte (JP)
 * Ajuri Obari Ngelale. [spokesman to President Bola Tinubu]

title: Eleme people


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WOC (AM)

WOC (1420 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station, licensed to Davenport, Iowa, and serving the Quad Cities of Iowa and Illinois. WOC is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. It broadcasts a news/talk format, under the slogan "The Quad Cities News Leader." Its studios are located at 3535 East Kimberly Road in Davenport (along with co-owned KCQQ, KMXG, KUUL, WFXN and WLLR-FM). Its transmitter is located at an antenna farm in Bettendorf, Iowa, near the campus of Scott Community College. (WOC is the only remaining AM station at this site, as all the other transmitters are for FM radio or television.) WOC broadcasts with 5,000 watts with a directional signal to avoid interfering with other stations on 1420 kHz.

WOC's most famous former employee was future U.S. President Ronald "Dutch" Reagan, who got his start in radio there in 1932, broadcasting football games, after having played football at Eureka College in nearby Eureka, Illinois.

Programming
WOC broadcasts both local and nationally syndicated talk shows, most of which come from Premiere Networks, a subsidiary of iHeartMedia. Weekends feature shows on money, home repair, computers and law. Syndicated programming includes Kim Komando, Handel on the Law, At Home with Gary Sullivan, Our American Stories, and Jill on Money. Some weekday shows are repeated and some hours are paid brokered programming. Fox News Radio supplies national news at the beginning of each hour. The station also carries University of Iowa sports.

Pre-history
WOC's pre-history was complex, with roots extending back to the earliest days of radio.

Robert K. Karlowa had an longtime interest in radiotelegraphy, starting in 1907, and by early 1913 was "the chief operator of the Tri-Cities Wireless club", which met on the sixth floor of the Best Building in Rock Island, Illinois. In mid-1915, he and Ray E. Hall, representing the Tri-City Radio Laboratory, were issued an Experimental license for station 9XR, which also operated from the Best Building. This station used a spark transmitter and could only transmit Morse code, so it was never used for entertainment broadcasts. Moreover, effective April 6, 1917, with the entrance of the United States into World War One, all civilian stations were ordered to shut down for the duration of the war, and 9XR permanently disappeared.

The civilian ban on radio stations was lifted in October 1919, and the introduction of vacuum-tube radio transmitters now made audio broadcasts possible. Karlowa's subsequent activities were divided between two separate stations. Karlowa himself was issued a standard amateur license, with call sign 9BC, for his home in Davenport, Iowa. On December 3, 1919, he began broadcasting a series of radio concerts.

A second standard amateur license, 9BY, was issued in the name of the Young & McCombs co-operative store, located in the Best Building in Rock Island, Illinois, where Karlowa was the head of the radio department. This station would feature an even more extensive selection of programs. It was announced that, starting about September 1, 1920, 9BY was planning to inaugurate concerts to be broadcast on Thursday evenings. A few weeks later, on election day, November 2, the station was reported to be planning to broadcast election results, and later that month it was reported that 9BY's weekly broadcasts featured promotional phonograph records provided by the Pathé Frères Phonograph Company.

In early 1921, Karlowa formed the Karlowa Radio Corporation, which bought the Young & Combs radio department assets, and took over operation of 9BY, still located in the Best Building in Rock Island. The station maintained its Thursday evening concert schedule.

WOC history
WOC's history is also complex. Effective December 1, 1921, the U.S. government adopted a regulation requiring that stations making broadcasts intended for the public now had to hold a Limited Commercial license. On February 18, 1922, the Karlowa Radio Corporation was issued a new license, for a broadcasting station with the randomly assigned call letters of WOC, still located in the Rock Island Best Building. Karlowa continued to operate the station for a short time, but the costs had become too great. In March he sold WOC to Col. B. J. Palmer, and on May 9, 1922, a new license was issued for the Palmer School of Chiropractic (later the Palmer College of Chiropractic) in Davenport, Iowa, the start of a family connection that lasted almost 75 years.

The station equipment was moved to a small studio on Palmer's Brady Street campus. WOC initially broadcast on the common Entertainment wavelength of 360 meters (833 kilohertz), and on October 14 was authorized to also broadcast weather reports on 485 meters (619 kilohertz). In October it was upgraded to a state-of-the-art 500 watt Western Electric transmitter, which allowed WOC to move to the more exclusive "Class B" wavelength of 400 meters (750 kilohertz). In May 1923, 620 kilohertz was reserved as a Class B frequency assignment for qualified stations in "Davenport/Des Moines, Iowa", and WOC was authorized to move to this new frequency.

In 1924, the American Telephone & Telegraph Company was in the process of forming a radio network, with its flagship at WEAF in New York City. While in the planning stages, WOC was identified as one of 21 stations thought to be "especially desirable because of coverage and reliable technical performance". On July 4, 1925, the station participated in the network's "National Defense Test Day" program. In September 1927, WOC became a charter member of the new NBC radio network.

The Federal Radio Commission's General Order 40 reallocated frequencies in 1928, and WOC was reassigned to share time on 1000 kilohertz with the Banker's Life station in Des Moines, Iowa, WHO. In late 1929, the Central Broadcasting Company was formed with B.J. Palmer as chairman. This company purchased both WOC and WHO, which were then synchronized to simultaneously broadcast identical programs on their shared frequency, each using a 5 kilowatt transmitter.

In April 1932, a 50 kilowatt transmitter, located near Mitchellville, Iowa, and close to Des Moines, went into service, and the separate transmitters were replaced by this single transmitter, with the two stations now combined under a dual identity as WOC-WHO. That same year Ronald Reagan got his first broadcasting job at WOC as a sportscaster. He returned to WOC in 1988, when WOC and FM sister station WLLR-FM dedicated their new studios on East Kimberly Road.

WOC was restored as a station separate from WHO in November 1934, when the Palmer School purchased station KICK in Carter Lake, Iowa, which was moved to Davenport, and its call sign changed to WOC. (Because of this, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) records generally list WOC's "first license date" as December 1, 1923, which was when KICK received its initial license.) In early 1935 the station was assigned to a "local" frequency of 1370 kilohertz, and by 1937 it was operating with 250 watts daytime and 100 watts at night. In 1941, WOC briefly moved to a second local frequency, 1450 kilohertz, and the next year was upgraded to a "regional" frequency, 1420 kilohertz, its current dial position, with a power boost to 5 kilowatts.

WOC's FM station, WOC-FM, signed on the air in October 1948 at 103.7 MHz. The FM station has changed formats three times, currently with a country music format as WLLR-FM, and is the highest-rated station in the Quad Cities market. WOC-TV, the first television station in Iowa, began broadcasting on October 31, 1949; it became KWQC-TV after the Palmer family split its radio and television holdings in 1986. The AM frequency, meanwhile, has undergone several format changes since the end of the Golden Age of Radio. Its current news/talk radio format started in 1979.

In 1986 WOC and its FM sister station were purchased from Palmer Communications, Inc. by Vickie Anne Palmer and her then husband, J. Douglas Miller. In 1989 Mr. Miller entered the motion picture business as a producer and Ms. Palmer took over complete control of the properties, then known as Signal Hill Communications, Inc., until it was sold in 1996. The station was purchased by Clear Channel Communications, now iHeartMedia, in 2000.

WOC is the oldest surviving broadcasting station in the middle Mississippi Valley. Other reported firsts include:
 * Broadcasting from both houses of the Iowa Legislature.
 * On-air and studio personnel required to keep logs of such things as electrical consumption and on-air programming (to the second). The programming log also helped the station begin programs on an absolute "minute-and-second" schedule.
 * Use of a fader panel, allowing use of several microphones in the studio at one time.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: WOC (AM)


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User:Geo Swan/gitmo/Ehsanullah (Guantanamo detainee 350)

__NOINDEX__

Returning Afghans Talk of Guantanamo: Out of Legal Limbo, Some Tell of Mistreatment

''Ehsannullah, 29, said American soldiers who initially questioned him in Kandahar before shipping him to Guantanamo hit him and taunted him by dumping the Koran in a toilet.

''"It was a very bad situation for us," said Ehsannullah, who comes from the home region of the Taliban leader, Mohammad Omar. "We cried so much and shouted, 'Please do not do that to the Holy Koran.'"


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Rodman Rockefeller

Rodman Clark Rockefeller (May 2, 1932 – May 14, 2000) was an American businessman and philanthropist. A fourth-generation member of the Rockefeller family, he was a son of former U.S. Vice President Nelson A. Rockefeller, a grandson of American financer John D. Rockefeller Jr., and a great-grandson of Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller.

Early life and education
Rockefeller was born on May 2, 1932, in Manhattan, New York. He was the eldest son of former U.S. Vice President Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (1908–1979) and his wife Mary Todhunter "Tod" Clark (1908–1999).

He was educated at Deerfield Academy, at Dartmouth College, and later earned a master's degree from Columbia University's Graduate School of Business Administration. At Dartmouth, his father's alma mater, he was a member of Green Key, co-edited Dartmouth's freshman handbook, and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa (as had his grandfather, John D. Rockefeller Jr.)

Career
Rockefeller was vice president (1968–1972) and chief executive (1972–1980) of the International Basic Economy Corporation, a New York based commercial genetics and agribusiness concern, founded by his father in 1946. Its activities included the development of corn production in Latin America, and the construction of thousands of low-cost homes in Mexico. He was chairman of IBEC Inc., a successor concern, from 1980 to 1985, and for a number of years was chairman of Arbor Acres Farm, based in Glastonbury, Connecticut, a seller of genetic material for poultry broiler stock.

Rockefeller was co-chairman of the Mexico-United States Business Committee, an organization focusing on economic and political issues of interest to both nations' business communities. Some consider the passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement in the mid-1990s to have been the culmination of his and the committee's efforts. The honors he received included a prestigious Mexican decoration, the Order of the Aztec Eagle.

He was on the board of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund for nine years, and for many years was a trustee of Rockefeller Financial Services, the entity which manages the family's office (known as "Room 5600"), its investment companies, and its many foundations. He was the head of the finance committee of Rockefeller Financial Services for many years and was a longtime trustee of Rockefeller Financial's holding company, Rockefeller & Company.

Rockefeller served as chairman of Pocantico Associates, a private capital and real estate investment company, and was a trustee of the Institute of International Education, the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, the Museum of Modern Art, the Americas Society, and the New York Blood Center.

Personal life
In 1953, Rockefeller married Barbara Ann Olsen, with whom he had four children: Meile, Peter, Stuart, and Michael. The marriage ended in divorce in 1979, and the following year he married Alexandra (Sascha) von Metzler. In 1987, Rockefeller's son Peter married Allison Whipple.

Rockefeller died at his home on New York's Upper East Side on May 14, 2000.

title: Rodman Rockefeller


text:
Coltrane Plays the Blues

Coltrane Plays the Blues is an album of music by the jazz musician John Coltrane. It was released in July 1962 by Atlantic Records. It was recorded at Atlantic Studios during the sessions for My Favorite Things, assembled after Coltrane had stopped recording for the label and was under contract to Impulse Records. Like Prestige Records before them, as Coltrane's fame grew during the 1960s, Atlantic used unissued recordings and released them without either Coltrane's input or approval.

On September 19, 2000, Rhino Records reissued Coltrane Plays the Blues as part of its Atlantic 50th Anniversary Jazz Gallery series. Included were five bonus tracks, all of which had appeared in 1995 on The Heavyweight Champion: The Complete Atlantic Recordings.

Reception
Coltrane biographer Ben Ratliff wrote: "Coltrane Plays the Blues... turned out to be one of the great records in jazz. It was nevertheless overshadowed by other material he recorded during the same sessions..."

Coltrane biographer Eric Nisenson remarked: "It is not known if Coltrane intended to make what is now known as a 'concept' album, but listening to these six tracks is like a journey through the blues, from the most primitive to the 'world beat' blues... there is nothing atavistic in Coltrane's playing; as deeply funky as it is, it is still searching new music, as personally Coltranesque as anything he ever recorded, simultaneously old, thoroughly modern, and perfectly beautiful... On Coltrane Plays the Blues the saxophonist had clearly made the heady discovery that the blues had some vital connection with music from exotic places all over the world, all of which had been created through a similar need of the heart."

In a review for AllMusic, Richie Unterberger commented: "Coltrane's sessions for Atlantic in late October 1960 were prolific... My Favorite Things was destined to be the most remembered and influential of these, and while Coltrane Plays the Blues is not as renowned or daring in material, it is still a powerful session. As for the phrase 'plays the blues' in the title, that's not an indicator that the tunes are conventional blues (they aren't). It's more indicative of a bluesy sensibility, whether he is playing muscular saxophone or... the more unusual sounding (at the time) soprano sax."

The authors of The Penguin Guide to Jazz wrote that the album is "often overlooked", and stated: "Much of the interest lies in Tyner's withdrawal from some of the numbers, a first experiment with a pianoless trio since Prestige days. Here once again simplicity of statement and sophistication of harmonic structure lie in fertile balance."

Writing about the Rhino reissue for All About Jazz, Mike Perciaccante stated: "This is one of the least well known Coltrane albums, partly because it is an all blues format and partly because it was released at the end of his association with Atlantic records... It is the beginning of his work with Tyner and Jones in quartet form. For that alone this recording would be important... Long-time Coltrane fans will fall in love with the clean, crisp sound. New fans will be afforded a great opportunity to be introduced to the master's work on this timeless album."

2000 reissue bonus tracks
Side Two track 2 recorded during the evening of October 24, 1960; the remainder during the night of the same day.

Personnel

 * John Coltrane — soprano saxophone on "Blues to Bechet", "Mr. Syms", and “Untitled Original (Exotica)” ; tenor saxophone on all others
 * McCoy Tyner — piano except on “Blues to Bechet” and “Blues to You”
 * Steve Davis — bass
 * Elvin Jones — drums

Production personnel

 * Nesuhi Ertegün — production
 * Tom Dowd — engineering
 * Marty Norman - Bob Slutzky Graphics — cover design
 * Joe Goldberg — liner notes
 * Patrick Milligan — reissue supervision
 * Dan Hersch — digital remastering
 * Sevie Bates — reissue art direction
 * Neil Tesser — reissue liner notes
 * Vanessa Atkins — reissue editorial supervision
 * Shawn Amos — reissue editorial coordination

title: Coltrane Plays the Blues


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Więcbork

Więcbork (Vandsburg) is a town in northern Poland, located in the Sępólno County in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. In 2019 it had a population of 5,965. It is located on the shores of Więcborskie Lake within the ethnocultural region of Krajna.

History
After 960 the territory became a part of the emerging Polish state under its first historic ruler Mieszko I. It is first mentioned under the name Wanszowna in historical records in the chronicle of Jan of Czarnków in 1383. The first record instance of the name Więcbork occurred in 1405. The town was part of the Kingdom of Poland and it was a private town, which belonged to various Polish magnates. Administratively it was located in the Nakło County in the Kalisz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province.

After the First Partition of Poland in 1772 the town became part of Kingdom of Prussia, under the name Vandsburg. After the successful Greater Poland uprising of 1806, it was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw. In 1815 it was reannexed by Prussia, where it was administratively part of the Flatow district (Landkreis Flatow). It was subjected to Germanisation policies and German colonization. Following World War I, Poland regained independence and the town was eventually reintegrated with the re-established Polish Republic after the Treaty of Versailles in 1920. The town became part of Sępólno County, under the restored Polish name Więcbork.

During the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, Więcbork was invaded by Nazi Germany. During the invasion, the Einsatzgruppe IV entered the town to commit atrocities against Poles. The town was annexed by Germany, and included within the Landkreis Zempelburg (district) under the name Vandsburg. During the German occupation, Poles were subject to persecutions, mass arrests, expulsions and massacres. Numerous Poles were imprisoned in a concentration camp in Radzim and in a prison established by the Selbstschutz in Sępólno Krajeńskie, and later murdered there or deported to other Nazi concentration camps. Mass arrests of Poles were carried out from September 1939. In 1945 the town was restored to Poland.

Neighbourhoods
Więcbork is divided into the following neighbourhoods: Stare Miasto (Old Town), Korea, Lupinek, Plebanka, Osiedle BOWiD, Osiedle Piastowskie, Osiedle Słoneczne, Osiedle Tartaczne.

Sports
Grom Więcbork sports club is based in Więcbork, with football, athletics, weightlifting, chess and duplicate bridge sections.

title: Więcbork


text:
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikipedia:List of Wikipedians with blood on their hands

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy delete as attack page. Gamaliel 22:47, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

List of Wikipedians with blood on their hands
This page seems to have been created specifically to attack one editor. And, in any case, I suspect that a "list of Wikipedians with blood on their hands" is not an approprate use of Wikipedia namespace. Delete. --Aquillion 22:45, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Wikipedia talk:Wikipediology/library/wikibio

"Relevant" but not welcome: why?
"Information about your pet gecko does not belong here, nor does information not available at wikipedia, even if it is 'relevant' — such as e-mails or conversations at meetups." I'm not sure what you are driving at here, or why information about meetups is irrelevant. Is this so even if the meetup is documented in Wikipedia space? -- Jmabel | Talk 22:46, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Bascially that personal information or info obtained through e-mails does not belong in a wiki bio. For example say at a meetup I tell maltmomma that I think Jmabel is "big cabalist meanie", she can't put that in a wikibio. It's the same principle arbcom used when they say they won't accept e-mails as evidence- such things are easily forged. -JCarriker 22:54, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * But, for example, I would think that it was relevant to my wikibio, if there is to be one, that at the first Seattle meetup there was a discussion that Dan Keshet and I started and soon summarized as Researching with Wikipedia, the substance of which came together in a week and which has hardly changed since. (and, anyway, I'm a small cabalist meanie.) -- Jmabel | Talk 00:08, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, but that is available on wikipedia. -JCarriker 01:26, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

People adding their names
=-/ I don't wanna be the bad guy, I really don't. But the guidelines say something about not-just-every-editor. I think the original list made was good, and even it had some people perhaps not totally notable (like myself). What are we to do with these people who keep adding themselves? R e  dwolf24  (talk) 03:44, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

My wikibio?
I was just wonderng, by me creating a bio of myself for my user page, that doesn't effect anything here does it?
 * PS. if you wish to view it its at this link. — M o e   ε  02:48, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

wonderfools's permission.
The edit for wonderfool to grant permission was given by User:Fooled...err..1, who's beleived to be a wonderfool sock puppet, and that was the first time the name appeared. I only saw this after I started working on it. Does this count as permission, and does the wikibio that I've started on need to be blanked/deleted? I thought I'd just start at the bottom and work my way up... not working too well so far. --AK7 22:01, 26 February 2006 (UTC)


text: User talk:71.246.4.13

title: User talk:71.246.4.13


text:
User:Timkmak

Other Stuff
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"

title: User:Timkmak


text:
User:Geo Swan/history merge/Solaiman Dur Mohammed Shah

__NOINDEX__

Sulaiman Shah is a Afghan who was detained in Camp Delta, in the US naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.

He was one of eighteen detainees repatriated on March 22, 2003, and released by Afghan authorities four days later.

Shah said he was a car dealer, a businessman who had no idea why he was arrested. Shah was held in Sherberghan, by forces of Abdul Rashid Dostam.


text: User talk:141.142.30.135

title: User talk:141.142.30.135


text:
User:Geo Swan/history merge/Mirza Mohammed

__NOINDEX__

Returning Afghans Talk of Guantanamo: Out of Legal Limbo, Some Tell of Mistreatment

''Merza Khan, who had been captured in northern Afghanistan while fighting for the Taliban, said Americans in Kandahar tied him up and alternately forced him to lie face down on the ground, then squat with his hands on his head for hours. He also said he saw American soldiers throw the Koran on the ground and sit on it while in Kandahar.


text:
La'Keshia Frett

La'Keshia Frett (born June 12, 1975) is a former collegiate and professional basketball player. She is currently an assistant coach for the women's basketball team at Auburn University.

High school
Born in Carmel, California, Frett attended Phoebus High School in Hampton, Virginia, where she was named a High School All-American by the WBCA. She participated in the WBCA High School All-America Game in 1993, scoring six points. Additionally, Frett was named the 1993 Gatorade Female Basketball Player of the Year. She was named a Parade All-American in both 1992 and 1993.

University of Georgia
After being named the 1993 National Prep Player of the Year at Phoebus High School in Hampton, Virginia, Frett attended the University of Georgia and played for their women's basketball team, averaging 15.2 points and 6.9 rebounds during her collegiate career from 1993 to 1997.

She was a three-time All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) first team selection, and was named the 1993-94 "SEC Freshman of the Year". In 1996, Frett was named to the Final Four All Tournament team.

By the time she graduated, she had scored 242 points in 15 NCAA tournament games, ranking third time all-time at UGA. She competed with USA Basketball as a member of the 1994 Jones Cup Team that won the Gold in Taipei.

Georgia statistics
Source

USA Basketball
Frett was named to the team representing the US at the 1994 William Jones Cup competition in Taipei, Taiwan. The USA team won all eight games, winning the gold medal, but not without close calls. In three games the teams had to come from behind to win. One preliminary game ended up as a single-point victory, and the gold medal game went to overtime before the USA team beat South Korea by a single point, 90–89.

Frett represented the US at the 1995 World University Games held in Fukuoka, Japan in August and September 1995. The team had a record of 5–1, securing the silver medal. The USA teams won early and reached a record of 5–0 when the USA beat Yugoslavia. In the semi-final game, the USA faced Russia. The team was behind much of the first half but managed to tie the game at the half. The USA broke the game open in the second half and won 101–74, with Frett contributing a double-double, 20 points and 13 rebounds. The gold medal match was against unbeaten Italy. The Italian team started strong, scoring 12 of the first 14 points of the contest. The USA took a small lead in the second half, but the team from Italy responded with a ten-point run, and won the game and the gold medal by a score of 73–65. Frett was the leading scorer for the USA team with 18.0 points per game.

Frett again represented the US at the 1997 World University Games held in Marsala, Sicily, Italy in August 1997. The USA team won all six games, earning the gold medal at the event. In the opening game Frett was the leading scorer for the US with 14 points. She went on to average 10.2 points per game.

ABL and WNBA
After graduating from college, Frett started her professional career in 1997 playing two seasons for the Philadelphia Rage of the American Basketball League (ABL).

After the ABL folded due to financial difficulties, she was selected by the Los Angeles Sparks in the 1999 WNBA draft, and later played for the Sparks during the 1999 and 2000 seasons.

After the 2000 season ended, the Sparks traded Frett to the Sacramento Monarchs in exchange for Latasha Byears. Frett played for the Monarchs for the next three seasons before signing a free agent contract with the Charlotte Sting. However, the Sting waived her halfway through the 2004 season.

A week after being waived, she signed with the New York Liberty and played for them during the remainder of the season, as well as the following 2005 season.

Shortly after the 2005 WNBA season ended, Frett returned to her alma mater, the University of Georgia, after being hired as an assistant coach for the women's basketball team for the 2005–06 season. In April 2006, Frett announced her retirement from the WNBA to devote herself full-time to her collegiate coaching position.

In 2021, she became an assistant coach with the Atlanta Dream.

title: La'Keshia Frett


text:
Talk:Bishoy

NPOV
This article has neutrality problems. Opinion is stated as fact, instead of being attributed. For example, the article says that Bishoy's "incorrupt body is preserved to this day". Evidence? The article asserts that "the angel took the hand of Anba (Abba) Bishoy". Of an ascetic old man, the article asserts: "But he deviated from the true faith and the devil lead him astray. He taught that there is no Holy Spirit, and many were deceived by his sayings." There are plenty of other examples. dbenbenn | talk 22:51, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

COPYVIO
It's also largely copied from the various Coptic Church sites, although the way its cut and pasted together makes it difficult to justify totally blanking it. A much better article on a similar/related bio is Macarius of Egypt and I left a message with the main author of that page asking if he could take a crack at Bishoy. Anyway Macarius would provide a useful model for this page. FRS 22:36, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Can this be changed?
when u search this article on google it come up with this "Bishoy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaLater on, around 340 AD, St. Bishoy went to the wilderness of Shiheet ... He taught that there is no Holy Spirit, and many were deceived by his sayings. ... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishoy - 19k - Cached - Similar pages " the information can be misleading to making people think that anba bishoy taught these wrong things. is there a way this can be changed so people dont get mislead. As the story says he rebuked a monk for teaching these things.

title: Talk:Bishoy


text:
Control bus

In computer architecture, a control bus is part of the system bus and is used by CPUs for communicating with other devices within the computer. While the address bus carries the information about the device with which the CPU is communicating and the data bus carries the actual data being processed, the control bus carries commands from the CPU and returns status signals from the devices. For example, if the data is being read or written to the device the appropriate line (read or write) will be active (logic one).

Lines
The number and type of lines in a control bus varies but there are basic lines common to all microprocessors, such as:
 * Read ($$\overline {RD}$$). A single line that when active (logic zero) indicates the device is being read by the CPU.
 * Write ($$\overline {WR}$$). A single line that when active (logic zero) indicates the device is being written by the CPU.
 * Byte enable ($$\overline E$$). A group of lines that indicate the size of the data (8, 16, 32, 64 bytes).

The RD and WR signals of the control bus control the reading or writing of RAM, avoiding bus contention on the data bus.

Additional lines are microprocessor-dependent, such as:

 * Transfer ACK ("acknowledgement"). Delivers information that the data was acknowledged (read) by the device.
 * Bus request (BR, BREQ, or BRQ). Indicates a device is requesting the use of the (data) bus.
 * Bus grant (BG or BGRT). Indicates the CPU has granted access to the bus.
 * Interrupt request (IRQ). A device with lower priority is requesting access to the CPU.
 * Clock signals. The signal on this line is used to synchronize data between the CPU and a device.
 * Reset. If this line is active, the CPU will perform a hard reboot.

Systems that have more than one bus master have additional control bus signals that control which bus master drives the address bus, avoiding bus contention on the address bus.

title: Control bus


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Avant-garde comics

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 05:35, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Avant-garde comics
Simply not notable comic WP:COMIC. feydey 22:51, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete The strips are in a LiveJournal. End of story.--CastAStone 23:56, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN --Rogerd 03:45, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Looks like vanity to me -Abe Dashiell 14:08, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete There's also only one comic so far. -- SCZenz 14:45, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete While having the strips in a livejournal is no reason to vote delete, the fact that there is only one merits it. Dread Lord C y b e r S k u l l ✎☠ 01:51, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
The Sea

The Sea may refer to:

 * The sea, a body of salty water.

Films

 * La Mer (film) (The Sea), an 1895 French short, black-and-white, silent documentary film directed by Louis Lumière
 * The Sea (1933 film) (original Polish title: Morze), a 1933 Polish short, documentary film directed by Wanda Jakubowska
 * The Sea (1962 film) (original Italian title: Il mare), a 1962 drama Italian film directed by Giuseppe Patroni Griffi
 * The Sea (2000 film) (original Spanish title: El mar), a 2000 Spanish drama film directed by Agustí Villaronga
 * The Sea (2002 film) (original Icelandic title: Hafið), a 2002 Icelandic comedy-drama film directed by Baltasar Kormákur
 * The Sea (2013 film), a 2013 British drama film directed by Stephen Brown

Literature

 * The Sea (novel), a 2005 Booker Prize-winning novel by John Banville
 * The Sea (play), a 1973 play by Edward Bond
 * The Sea or The Proverb of the Sea, a poem by the philosopher and poet Khalil Gibran

Groups

 * The Sea (band), a rock pop band formed in Cornwall, England

Albums

 * The Sea (Ketil Bjørnstad album), 1995
 * The Sea II, a 1998 album (recorded 1996) by Norwegian pianist Ketil Bjørnstad
 * The Sea (Melanie C album), 2011
 * The Sea (Corinne Bailey Rae album), 2010
 * The Sea, a 1967 album by Rod McKuen

Songs

 * "Beyond the Sea" (song), a song based on "La Mer"
 * "The Sea", a song by Sandy Denny, which appeared on Fotheringay's eponymous first album as well as the Island Records sampler album, Bumpers
 * "The Sea", a song by Morcheeba from their 1998 album Big Calm
 * "The Sea", a song by Corinne Bailey Rae from her second album.
 * "The Sea", a song by Sigismund von Neukomm

Symphonic music

 * A Sea Symphony, a piece by Ralph Vaughan Williams
 * The Sea (Bridge), an orchestral suite by Frank Bridge
 * The Sea, a symphonic poem by Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis

Other uses

 * Sea (astronomy), an area of the sky with many water-related and few land-related constellations
 * The Sea, an unconsidered competitor who finished sixth in the 1840 Grand National

title: The Sea


text:
File:DuranDuran Carnival.jpg

Fair use in Carnival (EP)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:DuranDuran Carnival.jpg


text:
Winter cherry

Winter cherry may refer to:

Solanaceae (nightshade plants)

 * Physalis alkekengi (Chinese lantern)
 * other species of Physalis
 * Solanum pseudocapsicum (Jerusalem cherry), especially under its synonym S. capsicastrum (false Jerusalem cherry)
 * Withania somnifera (ashwaganda)

Other uses

 * Winter Cherry, a 1985 Soviet film
 * Winter Cherry complex, a shopping mall in Kemerovo, Russia; the site of the 2018 Kemerovo fire

title: Winter cherry


text: User talk:68.60.99.220

title: User talk:68.60.99.220


text:
Talk:Veda Hlubinka-Cook

Headline text
There's an interesting conflict between naming conventions that I noticed while thinking about this entry.

Robert Cook is the commonly used form of this person's name.

One wikipedia naming convention says to use the middle initial in the article name to disambiguate it from the other Robert Cooks:

 * Use common names of persons and things

 * Convention: Use the most common name of a person or thing that does not conflict with the names of other people or things.

Another convention advises against same, but remains silent on what to do about disambiguation:

 * Adding middle names, or their abbreviations, merely for disambiguation purposes (that is: if this format of the name is not the commonly used one to refer to this person): not advised.

What's an editor to do? Should this article be: "Robert A. Cook," "Robert Cook" (clearly not, if there's already an entry there), or "Robert Cook (Software Developer)"? --Zippy 22:54, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I think I answered my own question. As there's no entry for "Robert Cook" already, I'm renaming this to "Robert Cook". We'll have to deal with disambiguation when the next Robert Cook comes along. --Zippy 22:56, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 11:05, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

This article does not seem to have any references or links to articles to prove any of the statements shown in the article, which is another reason for it to either be deleted or expanded upon. The addition of references and external links for proof of said statements would be nice too. AnnaJGrant (talk) 12:36, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

Birthday problem
The entry says Cook was born in 1964 and cites a seemingly unreliable internet source while the persons own LinkedIn says she graduated from Yale in 1993. Given the info on the LinkedIn profile, it seems that the birth year in the entry is incorrect. I'm guessing it is 1970 or 1971, but I can't find a more accurate source. Kiboko83 (talk) 15:48, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Veda Hlubinka-Cook


text:
WXTK

WXTK (95.1 FM; "Newsradio 95 WXTK") is a commercial radio station licensed to West Yarmouth, Massachusetts, and serving Cape Cod. It has a news/talk format and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. The studios and offices are on Barnstable Road in Hyannis, while the transmitter is on Radio Lane in Yarmouth. WXTK is the direct descendant of Cape Cod's first commercial radio station, WOCB.

Weekdays begin with a simulcast of The Jim Polito Show from co-owned WTAG in Worcester. Polito is followed by a local show hosted by Ed Lambert. The rest of the weekday schedule is from syndicated conservative talk shows: The Clay Travis and Buck Sexton Show, the Boston-based Howie Carr Show, The Sean Hannity Show and Coast to Coast AM with George Noory. Weekends feature shows on health, money, real estate, home repair, law, travel, gardening, technology and classic radio shows on Sunday nights. Weekend hosts include Kim Komando, Paul Parent, Rich Valdés, Rudy Maxa and Somewhere in Time with Art Bell. WXTK broadcasts New England Patriots football and Boston Bruins hockey games. Most hours begin with world and national news from Fox News Radio.

Forerunner WOCB (AM)
WXTK is the direct descendant of Cape Cod's first commercial radio station, WOCB. The AM radio station WOCB first signed on the air on October 2, 1940. It was originally owned by the Cape Cod Broadcasting Company. It originally operated at 1210 kHz, but moved to 1240 in 1941 as a result of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA).

WOCB shut down in May 1943 after running out of money, resulting in its license being canceled by the FCC on November 30. E. Anthony and Sons, owner of WNBH in New Bedford and publisher of the New Bedford Standard-Times and the Cape Cod Standard-Times, bought the station's equipment and relaunched WOCB under a new license on May 6, 1944, as an affiliate of the NBC Blue Network. WOCB carried the Blue Network's dramas, comedies, news, sports, soap operas, game shows and big band broadcasts during the "Golden Age of Radio". WOCB stayed with the Blue Network as it became ABC. When ABC broke into four sub-networks in 1968, WOCB AM and FM became affiliated with ABC's American Entertainment Network.

WOCB-FM signs on
WOCB-FM signed on the air on May 2, 1948, on 94.3 MHz. It was the Cape's first commercial FM station as well, mostly simulcasting the AM station. In 1962, it moved to 94.9 MHz. (The 94.3 frequency is now used on Cape Cod by WZAI, the Brewster repeater for WCAI.)

By the 1970s, WOCB-FM broke away from simulcasting the AM during midday and evening hours to broadcast easy-listening music while still simulcasting the AM's format (then adult contemporary, with a heavy news commitment. It stayed with the AM station during weekday drive times and hourly newscasts the rest of the broadcast day. The FM call letters were changed to WSOX-FM in 1978. WRZE in 1984, WJFK in 1985, back to WOCB-FM in 1987, WJIB in 1990 (shortly after the call sign was dropped by 96.9 FM in Boston, now WBQT), and then WOCB-FM once more in 1991.

In the summer through winter of 1981, the afternoon drive announcer on WOCB was Edd Hall, who subsequently did voice work for Late Night with David Letterman from 1982 to 1990 and was the announcer on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno from 1992 to 2004.

Hurricane Bob
In 1991, Hurricane Bob blew down WOCB's transmitter tower, and the damage suffered was so severe that the owners could not afford to rebuild. The station was then sold to Ernie Boch Sr., an automobile dealer in the Boston suburb of Norwood, Massachusetts, who turned WOCB-FM into the flagship station for his new Boch Broadcasting company. The station's first news director, Hal Lamb, applied to the FCC to change the station's calls to WXTK, or "X-Talk", a reference to the rarity of the news/talk format on the FM dial at the time.

WXTK initially planned to brand as "Extreme Talk", but did not do so, though a few station IDs were produced using the branding (as late as 1998, the unused IDs were still in the station archives). Despite this, WXTK went through with the change to news/talk, and secured several syndication agreements, including the right to broadcast The Rush Limbaugh Show. Limbaugh himself acknowledged his newest affiliate by remarking on-air, "I am now beaming into Kennedy compound." Over the next few years, the station also became the Cape's home of G. Gordon Liddy (cancelled from the station as of July 2006) and Howie Carr, and longtime local morning hosts Ed Lambert and Don McKeag.

Concurrent with the WXTK relaunch, WOCB's AM 1240 facility became WUOK. Under those call letters it programmed CNN Headline News, sports radio, and finally a WXTK simulcast. In 1997, Boch donated WUOK to Boston University for use as a relay of WBUR-FM in Boston, under the call sign WBUR (AM). AM 1240 now broadcasts as WGTX.

Change in frequency
In July 1996, WXTK filed an application with the FCC to change frequencies from 94.9 to 95.1 MHz. The application was granted May 20, 1997. The move was in response to listener complaints of co-channel interference (when two stations on the same frequency interfere with each other) from WHOM on Mount Washington.

The move took effect on-air on September 18, 1997; to ease people into the new frequency, there were two weeks of promotional material over-the-air, and after the switch its branding was changed to "95.1 is 95 WXTK", putting stress on the word "is". When WXTK moved to 95.1, it had to operate "directionally" with a signal limited towards WHRB in Cambridge.

Changes in ownership
In 2005, Boch Broadcasting sold WXTK and its sister stations to Qantum Communications, owner of WRZE (now WEII, a simulcast of sports radio WEEI-FM) and WCIB, though Qantum had to sell WTWV/WDVT (now WHYA and WFRQ) to Nassau Broadcasting in order to stay within FCC regulations. Until that sale, WOCB/WXTK had been broadcasting from the same studio building for over 60 years.

On May 15, 2014, Qantum Communications announced that it would sell its 29 stations, including WXTK, to Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia), in a transaction connected to Clear Channel's sale of WALK AM-FM in Patchogue, New York, to Connoisseur Media via Quantum. The transaction was consummated on September 9, 2014.

title: WXTK


text: User talk:68.123.26.92

title: User talk:68.123.26.92


text:
Talk:Chav/Archive 1

Edinburgh usage
In Edinburgh, in the late Eighties and early Nineties, I remember the use of 'Chavie' to mean a young man, as in "How's it going Chavie" or "See that Chavie over there, ask him". The word was used almost exclusively by the working class, to refer to the working class. Chavie and Gadgey were to all intents and purposes interchangeable. 195.92.40.49 09:05, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Redirect
Not entirely sure this should redirect to townie since this is rapidly becoming the predominant term. Sjc 08:52, 24 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Townie was a terrible redirect. Pikey is better, and either this should redirect to pikey, or vice versa, IMO. Sam [Spade] 10:48, 24 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * A pikey is totally different to a charva so that is out. This should redirect to townie, chav is just some word they use in southern England, I'd rather it redirected to charva however townie is the common word which everyone knows whatever they call them where they happen to live --Josquius 11:59, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Pikey was originally used to denote Irish Travellers. Chav and Pikey are two separate terms and neither should redirect to the other.

 * In central England townie was used a lot. But now Chav is the more widely accepted term.  Pikey is the slang term often attributed to Gypsies, or Irish Nomads.

Filthy chavsters?
I think this needs to be cleaned up a bit, it makes it look a little like anyone who wears Nike shoes and drinks has as a sole purpose of life to acquire an attack dog. Passw0rd

 * I don't agree, it goes over quite a few other, distinct characteristics. It is true this is a huge subculture / demographic of society, but thats kinda the point. Sam [Spade] 12:18, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

- Absolutely right. Pikeys are Irish travellers. Pikey and Chav are unrelated.

What do they like to be called?
What do they call each other? I assume "filthy chavster" and "kappa slapper" are out, but there must be some term used w/in the chav community to refer to ones peers in a neutral, perhaps even positive way? Sam [Spade] 12:16, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Among others - homie, dude, man - often insult each other as a friendly greeting ("sup, you twats")

 * I wouldn't agree with 'dude' - that's too similar to the surfer subculture, which they are prime opponents of.

 * Here's a nice little story. Some chavs asked my mate for a cigarette (a 'ciggy'), and once he gave it to them, one of them said, "Alright, let's move gangstas!". So gangsta would seem to be another.

Neds, Chavs
From what I can tell "ned" (which we use here) has a more specific meaning than "chav", which seems to have replaced yob more or less. "Neds" have to dress in a certain way, the word 'ned' mainly comes from Scotland

I'm sure "chav" is an old word from Romany... perhaps someone can confirm this. There are several other Romany words in regularly used slang I can think of - Cooshtie, Gadgie Nark, Pal etc

I find the general majority of those that we would consider 'more extreme' Chavs... not that I wish to categorise divisions in the culture... would describe themselves as Chavs... indeed on many dating/meeting sites such as MSN and Faceparty many people 'seek Chavs'... so clearly it can be a neutral of descriptive term as opposed to an insult per ce.

 * The problem is that drive-by neologists are using this article as an opportunity to unleash "chav" synonyms that just they and their 5 mates use.

 * "Chav" and "Pikey" are widely used. The rest need non-trivial citations  if they're to avoid looking (to both the trained and untrained eye) like UrbanDictionaryisms.

 * "Chav" or "Chavi" (meaning "guy" or "bloke") is an AngloRomani word (or at least an Anglicized AngloRomani word), btw. So is "mush" and "cushti". Never heard "Gadgie Nark". Don't know if "pal" is. Maybe...

 * chocolateboy 29 June 2005 01:40 (UTC)

 * Well Gadgie is a Roma term for non-Roma. A nark is a grass. As for the online dating sites mentioned above - if lower working class women are seen as "slags" then I could understand why someone might search for a female chav. I cannot imagine that the person looking for a chav would describe themselves as one. (I see this is a lower middle class term used to describe lower working class youth. This may be my prejudice against the "Daily Mail reader stereotype" however. Secretlondon 29 June 2005 17:05 (UTC)

 * Nark was used a lot in the 70s TV series Porridge --Colin Angus Mackay 13:35, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

Barry v. Barrow
Is the term Barry Boy the same as Barrow Boy? I saw the name in the Rumpole of the Bailey episode, Rumpole and the Barrow Boy. Auric The Rad 22:05, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Nope. A barrow boy is a market trader. Icundell 17:38, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

In the context of the Rumpole episode, a barrow boy is someone from a non-traditional legal background - ie hasn't been to fashionable chambers, not Oxbridge-educated.

Chav Gender
Are chavs exclusively male? "The average chas ... His girlfriend ..." User:194.112.0.7 (sig added by [[User:Sam Spade|Sam]] Spade wishes you a merry Christmas! 20:50, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC))

Generally, referring to a Chav means you are referring to a male, although you obvioulsy get female Chavs too. Usual terming is "Chav(s)" - male(s) "Scally(ies)" "townie(s)" etc - male(s) or female(s) singularly or in mixed or single sex groups

 * Isn't the term chavette distinctly female? I've just read an article on chavs in a (Finnish) newspaper and it uses chavette when referring to females. Rackham 10:08, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Chav Refers To The Type Of People, Male Chavs Are Called Chavs Too. Like Man Can Refer To The Species And Not Just the Sex. Females Are Indeed Called Chavettes. (Or Sluts As I Call Em)
 * OT: Sentence case would be much less annoying -- Greg K Nicholson

 * Chav usually refers to both genders. Chavette is specific to Females, but there is no similar word for males. - Ian, Hull

 * I have never heard the term chavette used seriously. In any case I would have thought the word would be chavesse. Chavette would refer to a small chav. - Ad, Bournemouth

Gaudy gold
The key to chavdom is not gold itself; it is low quality, gaudy jewelry. An average chavster desires to be as shiny as possible, and therefore commonly spreads his carets very thinly across as large a surface as his budget can accommodate. Sam Spade wishes you a merry Christmas! 17:08, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, I think you're right. As with the 'designer' sportswear, it is the entirely misplaced conception of taste that is as the heart of the stereotype. Might be worth spelling that out more directly.
 * I wonder if it is worth adding a note about chavdom being highly self-centred (although I'm not sure if that's the turn of phrase I am seeking), with the typical chav being uninterested in anything beyond their narrow social circle and its mores, manners and friday night scraps. Icundell 19:13, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Sorry but it is not completely true that chavs will not wear gold. Many chavs do live on poor housing states but then again many have the ability to spend £2000 on a car stereo system as well as all the other expensive adjustments. Therefore many have the money and will actually buy gold albeit often low carrat.

revert?
Why do you keep reverting me? All I'm doing is making the part about the jewellery more NPOV. Selphie 21:48, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC) **

 * Scroll up a bit. I feel that you were being factually inaccurate. If the person is not tacky, they are not chav, the concepts are linked. Not every tacky person is a filthy chavster, but every chav is tacky, by their very nature. Sam Spade wishes you a merry Christmas! 00:11, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Although I think SS went a little over the top, his point about gaudiness being a crucial part of the stereotype is sound. Remember, that in dealing with a stereotype as a stereotype, one must be a bit unflinching in describing it. Remember that it has already been explained at the top that the description is from the POV of the one doing the stereotyping, not the one 'living' it (and SS did leave a note about discussing). I have quoted-up gaudy, though to be consistent with 'tacky'. Icundell 00:19, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I do understand that, but when I look at the goth page, I wouldn't like it to be saying "depressed, wears a lot of black clothes, wants to kill self......." The thing is, "tacky" or not, I was trying to put it in a better light, just like (I hope) someone would remove or re-word the above if they saw it. Selphie 09:31, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC) **

 * People call themselves goth. Nobody calls themselves chav, to my knowledge. Ones a sub-culture, the others an insult. Sam Spade wishes you a merry Christmas! 10:48, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I don't call myself a goth, or my friends for that matter - but it is the name given to us by others - rightly or wrongly. Selphie 10:52, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)**
 * But there is no spite in the Goth stereotype - the term is a perfectly reasonable summation of its influences, if a little simplistic. 'Chav' is a spiteful, belittling stereotype, an out and out put down. That must be brought across in the description (and my neice does call herself a goth). Icundell 11:04, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Where I come from - and in most of the country - goth is a term thrown at people who are "different" to townies and is used as an insult - in the same way myself and others would say........eg "stoopid chavs" they call us "dumb goths" etc. and BTW most people who call themselves a "goth" usually aren't. Selphie 11:11, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC) **

Hmmm. So someone (my niece) doesn't see things the way you do, so she's not 'true'? POV much? Icundell 12:28, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * One of the defining characteristics of goths is their desire to exclude others based on minor details, so I wouldn't take that comment too much to heart, Icundell. I used to have gothic roommates (oh the horror, if I hear the cure again I think I'll break something ;) and they were profoundly focused on what was and wasn't gothic, none of it being anything remotely interesting or valid to outsiders. I have had the personal misfortune to be alternately suspected of being gothic and a skinhead, due to the fact I look a bit like Uncle Fester, and thus I have gained no small amount of insight into these two divergent communities respectively. In any case, heres a Chick tract for Selphie, I hope it helps ;) Sam Spade wishes you a merry Christmas! 15:23, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I'm not saying she isn't, all I'm saying is most people come up with different names for their own dempgraphic group, that isn't used as an insult by others, hence my friends and I prefer "Alterno" or some such, cos we aren't 100% goth, or "mosher" (whatever thats supposed to mean) or punk or anything. I'm not saying she's wrong cos she doesn't seet hings like me!!! Selphie 20:20, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)**

I've been a Skinhead for years, and I still find it amusing when people call me a Skinhead, trying to be derogatory. I am a Skinhead! I'm sure chavs don't mind. --Lex 01:32, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Quote: "People call themselves goth. Nobody calls themselves chav, to my knowledge." (Sam 10:48, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)) Chav is now a popular word amongst chavs. "Chav and Proud" is typical, though possibly spelled wrong ;) "Chav n prowd" maybe? hehe Syneil - 08:44 25 Jul 2005 (BST)

NPOV
While I understand this is a derogatory term, this page certainly needs to have a more neutral POV. For example, the comment about experiments with classical music to repel Chavs is probably not Wiki style. But nice effort guys, awesome collection of alternative words!

 * Sorry, I've just read through this and I can't see what is wrong with it. It is a stereotype and within those boundaries it appears to be neutral to me. Can detail which parts of the article are POV and why? --Colin Angus Mackay 28 June 2005 10:31 (UTC)

 * I agree Colin. The subject is inherently subjective and therefore removing everything that cannot be demonstrated to come from a "reliable, objective" source isn't necessarily helpful. I do, however, think some tidy-up is required and that some remarks are a little OTT but just wiping everything that is not "hard fact" is draconian. Arthur Holland 28 June 2005 11:32 (UTC)

 * As long as the focus remains that it is a stereotype it is fine. The list of alternative words needs watching very carefully - we don't need a random selection of British terms of prejudice. We don't know whether more than 3 people use some of these anyway. Secretlondon 29 June 2005 17:00 (UTC)

Chavs do seem to wear alot of my Skinhead gear though, lonsdale and fred perry seem to be popular among them

Chav as too broad a stereotype
Although users of the word will often blur the distinction, I think the article should make clear that chav refers to two things which might show a correlation, but often occur separately: chav fashion (eg Burberry-check caps, gaudy jewellery, tucking trousers into socks) and antisocial behaviour patterns (eg heavy drinking, vandalism and aggressive posture and way of speaking). While we might chuckle at others' dress sense, it's completely unfair to label someone as a hooligan just because they're wearing prominently displayed white socks and an Adidas hoodie.

 * A tricky subject this. While I agree that you shouldn't judge by appearances, almost fifteen years of nightclubbing (and having to get home again afterwards) means I consider it a useful survival tool to avoid certain groups of people, generally I've found that single-sex, single-race (and it doesn't matter which race) groups are best avoided, especially if they're wearing the kinds of clothes mentioned in the accompanying article (or their predecessors before 'chav culture' became predominant among the type of people who like to beat up complete strangers. sheridan 16:33, 2005 Feb 8 (UTC)

 * Exactly! This is why chav and charva should be utterly seperate articles. A charva is the true form of unruly youth, the ASBO generation. Chav is more exactly the fashion and some aspects of the culture of the charva which has spread beyond them to enter into the mainstream and is in use with all manner of people (i.e. the celebrity chavs) - Josquius

Etymology correct?
Most people I've asked about the word 'chav' say that it's etymological root is 'CHeltenham AVerage", the first two letters of which when joined become 'Chav'; apparently it was a term invented by public shool pupils as a pejorative term to describe the more churlish elements of the lower classes.  Can anyone confirm this?

There Are Many Stories Of Where The Word Came From, But I Believ It Comes From Chatham The Birth Place And Holy Land Of The Chav

The Chatham theory
I have lived in many parts of the UK and first heard the word Chav in Chatham, Kent, when I moved there in January 2001 - used by working class locals to describe the kind of people who fit the stereotype you describe. So, you may be onto something. At the time the property boom had arrived in Chatham/Gillingham/Rochester/Rainham with professionals and commuters snapping up still-cheap homes there en-masse - those who could not afford to live in London, or didn't want to. I reckon that's how the word got spread around the UK in the last few years - it was spread by the chattering classes now resettling all over the Medway towns.

I'd never heard the word before I lived in Chatham. Incidentally, people there call each other 'chav' as something of joke, and some of them dress in that way knowingly, for amusement. At the time I had to ask people what it meant, but it soon became apparent.

Sorry if I haven't followed good form in posting this here - this is my first time on Wikipedia.

Heliodorus

It definatly doesn't derive from some town. I truly believe that charva is the original term for we have had them for well over a decade right back into the late 80s. I had trouble with them when I was at school in the 90s. I doubt it is purely coincidance that this very far fetched acronym bears such a similarity to the romany word charver.

Cheltenham
It's hard to say where the word chav first appeared, but I've been living in the Cheltenham/Gloucestershire area for nearly 20 years now and I first encountered the term here back in the late '80s when I moved here. Whether the story about the Cheltenham Ladies College inventing the term CHeltenham AVerage is true or an urban legend I do not know. It is hard to see how a term invented by a group of school girls in one town could spread into popular culture so quickly though.

The word 'Chav' was orginally was originally police code meaning Council House and Violence. Or so I hear.

Some cleanup issues:
This article requires some cleanup to improve its content and style, in my opinion. Although reading through the chat and page histories, progress has been good. Although there are good descriptions of the definition of a chav, media references and celebrities, I think that a deeper social and political analysis of this phenomenon would greatly improve the quality of content. In particular this article must not be offensive!. I have not added a cleanup banner because I think this is too drastic at this point. I am working on improvements piecemeal from the top down. Opinions, people?

Okay, time for some cleanup!

Opening Statements:

OLD

"Chav is a derogatory slang term currently in popular usage in the United Kingdom. It refers to a stereotyped lower-class youth or young adult perceived as uneducated, uncultured and / or violent. The term has been made popular by the tabloid press.'"

NEW

Chav is a derogatory slang term currently in popular usage in the United Kingdom. It refers to a subculture strongly associated with an underclass negatively-stereotyped as being uneducated, uncultured and prone to antisocial or immoral behavior. The label is most generally applied only to teenagers and young adults of non-ethnic origin. The term has been popularised by the tabloid press and is something of a buzzword.

The term is equivalent to one definition of townie but is more specific in its usage. Response to the term has ranged from acceptance to criticism that the term is a new manifestation of classism. The term is also the subject of humour in the media.'

Explanation of changes: The first sentence has been preserved as it is, although I have made 'derogatory' into a link to clearly define the meaning. I have referred to the perceived-group as a subculture in the second sentence (please see note). 'Lower class' is now 'underclass' because 'lower class' tends to refer to income rather than sensibilities and many celebrities are associated with the term 'chav'. I have added 'negative' to describe the stereotype for emphasis of what it is. I have expanded 'violent' into 'antisocial and immoral behavior'. 'Antisocial behavior' covers violent and well as abusive behavior, plus drug and alcohol abuse, all associated with the term to some degree. The same applies for 'immoral behavior' (sexual promiscuity, lawlessness). I have stated that the term is 'most generally applied to teenagers and young adults of non-ethnic origin'. The last statement is, IMO, true, but this is a controversial issue (note II). The term is also something of a buzzword (with no highly-specific meaning), so I have stated this.

I hope I have cleared-up the redirect issue with the link to townie. 'Chav' should not be redirected to the more vague 'townie', but equally should have a link to it. Last of all, a brief but fair overview of the critical response to the term.

note: I am not sure that a group of people can be semantically classified as a subculture if they are not considered as being a self-identified group. Whether 'chavs' are self-identified is itself debatable and needs more investigation. note II: The issue over whether this group excludes people of ethnic origin is controversial, but overwhelmingly the press presents 'chavs' as being young adult and white. This is either an honest perception or a cynical omission to avoid controversy on the part of the press.

The above material seems pedantic, but this is how to justify changing the text and enables other editors to justify changes to it. Please leave comments below.--ChrisJMoor 04:13, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 'Underclass' is wrong. Underclass is what is these days referred to as the 'socially excluded'. Lower class can be income related, but it can also be an aesthetic (for the same reason many nominally 'titled' toffs remain upper class despite not being especially wealthy). What is picked on and stereotyped is a loudly lower class sensibility, not an underclass. Being wealthy is no bar to being a chav. Icundell 01:24, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I'm not certain on the underclass issue, but I used it in the context of a reviled social group such as the Dalit. However, your point that 'chavs' are lower/middle-class in their income or sensibilities is valid. Good edits (but the rest of the article...).--ChrisJMoor 03:35, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * You should have seen the original version :->. An underclass has no choice about its status (ie is excluded from the mainstream). The stereotypical chav revels is his or her mediocrity. Icundell 20:01, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Aye, I see your point now. --ChrisJMoor 02:04, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Redirect
This really is a seperate term, perhaps more common in London & The South East and certainly used more than any of those other terms. Might be worth mentioning in article. However it really is the national media that have picked up on it. MRSC 06:34, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * It is the southern media which has picked it up in the last year or two. Go read the viz from 10 years+ ago and you will find mention of charvas. --Josquius 12:57, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The word has a life of its own, and absolutely should not be a redirect. (Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 13:17, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * This word should definatly be a redirect whether it is to the international term townie or to the correct spelling charva. --Josquius 15:25, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * The terms Chav, Charva and Townie all exist and I don't think anyone disputes that. They are related terms. But I don't think they are the same thing and should not redirect to each other. And even if they did, it is not acceptable to redirect an article "hiding" what was written without combining it with the article it redirects to. As it is, both articles are very badly written and could do with a lot of clean up. Redirecting and reverting is simply a waste of energy and does nothing to improve the quality of the articles. BTW There is a programme on TV presented by Janet Street Porter tomorrow night called "Chavs". MRSC 16:04, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Travellers are Chavs now? I don't think so
I don't think the Irish travelling community (or Itinerants, or whatever the PC name is for them these days) are really in the same class as "chavs". Though there are similarities, there's too much that differs between the two (in Ireland anyway).

Well, my point really is that we don't call them the same things. I think the names "pikey" and "knacker" should be removed from the "Derived and similar terms" section, as they refer specifically to travellers, not chavs. Actually, I'll remove them now. There may be some others there that I don't know. I'll keep the link further down though, as it is still relevant.

I also think that section needs some sorting out - there's a small list of some colloquialisms (" Barry Boy (East Anglia), Ned (Scottish), Scally (North-West)..."), but then in the next paragraph there's another list in pretty much the same context. Also, where known, the place of where these words are used should be noted in brackets after, like as some already do.

I have added some used locally in Limerick and nationally (or partially nationally) in Ireland - Scobe, Sham, Wah and I corrected Scumbag (used to say "Dublin, Ireland" after it) as it is used nationally here. I also added "shamming up", as it's used in the exact same context here as described for "chavving up" (e.g. sham up your PC, sham up your car, etc.). --Zilog Jones 19:04, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * That's not actually correct. The first paragraph lists "related terms for urban or suburban miscreants", specifically, whereas the second paragraph lists "similar derogatory terms" in general.  And yes, "pikey" and "knacker", being similar derogatory terms albeit not synonyms, do belong in the second paragraph, although on the gripping hand I would prefer much of this content to be in the "see also" section of the chav dictionary entry that is linked to right at the top of the page. Uncle G 19:34, 2005 Mar 24 (UTC)

I see now, but still, it's a bit misleading. Most of those "similar derogatory terms" are pretty much refering to what are generally seen as Chavs - that kind of scene, anyway. That section's kinda made a double standard or something - it's confusing. I still don't think Pikey and Knacker should be there, regardless. --Zilog Jones 19:41, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)--

Doshea3 14:52, 26 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Irish Travellers should not be listed as chavs. There is very little in common with the two denominations.  I have changed that link instead to scanger, since that is a more accurate parallel Irish subculture group.

Celebrity chavs
It's fine to have a celebrity chav section, and I don't particularly debate its current role of honour or the wording with which they're used. But we should still cite sources for each person included (exlinks to newspaper stories or whatever). Doing so is good wikipedia practice in general, and additionally it's not impossible that some celeb might object (or theoretically sue) if we don't say who it is that's calling them a chav. -- John Fader (talk | contribs) 21:59, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Heres a start. Sam Spade 07:19, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

Stereotype of a cliche
The chav graphic has a stupid label: "A cliched image of a stereotypical chav" How can you have a stereotypical image of stereotype? Or a cliched image of a cliche? Let's be clear here: unlike the words 'Northern' or 'black' or 'straight' etc etc, the term 'chav' has no meaning independent of people's image of how certain characteristics are associated: it is 'a stereotype', plain and simple. There's nothing instrinsically bad about that. The page tacitly admits this at several points, but the fact that it resorts to appalling tautologies at various points suggests that people are incredibly coy about that fact.

-Danno, --163.1.167.63 00:16, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Agreed. I've removed the use of the word cliche, but left stereotype.Arthur Holland 08:51, 22 May 2005 (UTC)

pah
Some of the people editing this page are illiterate clowns - "a council house... stereotype"?? - I just give up. ---163.1.167.63 11:30, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The "council house... stereotype" was left over from earlier vandalism, along with the phrase "stabby/shooty". I've removed it. Arthur Holland 09:59, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

popbitch
Is "The term was popularised initally by the Popbitch website" (added here) to be taken at face value? It seems a bit fanciful or un-NPOV, really. --12:20, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree, removed. --W(t) 14:03, 2005 Jun 12 (UTC)

Celebrity Chavs
"Prince Harry has recently been cited, due to his penchant for baseball caps, sportswear, drinking, and drugs, and for his associations with glamour models. However, his aristocratic background would be at odds with the council estate stereotype.

For a certain group of chavs David and Victoria Beckham are particular role models. The footballer Wayne Rooney would fit the stereotype better, due to his use of abusive language and the anti-social behaviour depicted in the tabloid press.

Michael Carroll is widely regarded as being the epitome of chav culture. When the petty criminal and former dustman won the National Lottery Jackpot of over £9 million, he spent a large proportion of his winnings on gold jewellery, alcohol, drugs and cars.

The Reality Television star Jade Goody is widely regarded as a Chav rolemodel having had two highly publicised pregnancies with no obvious income.

Charlotte Church and Colleen McLoughlin are often referred to as "Queen of the Chavs" by tabloid newspapers and gossip magazines for their apparent lack of style, drunken behaviour, choice of laddish rich boyfriends and no appreciation for the value of money."

-- I've removed the above as it's not NPOV. "Widely regarded" isn't good enough - regarded by who? Who says anyone is a role model? How can one be a role-model to a derogatory stereotype anyway? What I think the author is doing is picking examples of people the tabloids consider to be nouveau riche. Secretlondon 22:51, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * David and Victoria Beckham are overwhelmingly regarded as chav's, which should be noted here. This can be easilly cited ,, etc.. As for the rest of it, I can't say much, except that I think Prince Harry was a particularly ridiculous example. ¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸ 29 June 2005 17:08 (UTC)
 * That's just google. I also note that you're in the US - but I like the idea of someone writing about a media spread stereotype using the media to back up their arguments ;) Secretlondon 29 June 2005 17:14 (UTC)

 * What else would one use? Anyhow, I'm not in the USA, I'm in Deutschland. I am an american however, overseas defending freedom (military deployment ;). Why did you think I was in the USA? The google search maybe? ¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸ 29 June 2005 17:22 (UTC)
 * Because I remember you trolling Wikipedia when I was last here 12 months ago? Secretlondon 30 June 2005 10:41 (UTC)

 * You can put Carroll back in, his car has "King of the Chavs" down the side, plus he's appeared on the news often enough (ASBO etc).  82.70.225.97 30 June 2005 16:36 (UTC)
 * On the other hand I think most of the others are a lot less exemplary of the common use of the term and the association has mostly came from the media using the term as a way of calling them unsophisticated.

The Streets as chav music ? Oliyoung 00:34, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes Mick Skinner even stated that he is "Making music for the Chav generation" NME 2004 ~

Chav as Prejudice

 * BBC News article may give food for thought. Secretlondon 30 June 2005 10:42 (UTC)

Disputed?
Is there still a factual dispute, or can we pull the banner now? —Ashley Y July 4, 2005 09:47 (UTC)

 * Every synonym, backronym and stereotype that doesn't cite sources is in dispute.

 * chocolateboy 4 July 2005 17:40 (UTC)

 * Who's disputing it? —Ashley Y July 4, 2005 23:16 (UTC)

 * Me, Google  and Wikipedia policy.

 * chocolateboy 5 July 2005 02:29 (UTC)

Non-ethnic?
Sorry, perhaps this has been cleared up and I missed it...In reference to the clean up issues and proposed rewrites: nobody is "non-ethnic". We all belong to an ethnic group. I suppose you are trying to be euphemistic and what you really mean by non-ethnic is "white-british". Personally, I think it is best to just come out and say "white-british", they say it on census forms, so why not say it here? I think that is better than saying "non-ethnic", which is reminiscent of a kind of strange thinking whereby British people just exist and everyone who is different from them is "ethnic" or "other". Its high time to admit we are all members of one, or several, ethnic groups, and we are shaped and influenced by our own culture(s). There is no neutral point from which we can survey what our fellow humans get up to.

On a different note, I've just been to Bosnia and Croatia, and in discussing with my British friend who lives there about how things are, he told me about a subculture that we decided was best described as "Balkan Chav". Perhaps someone has some more information about this? It seems that the wikipedia page about Turbo-folk (a genre of music) refers to this subculture, without making any overt links to Chavism. Perhaps the Chav page could link to the page about Turbo-folk as i think there are some interesting comparisons to be made. Cheers, Tatiana

new section
From Peejaybee

In Kent, since my early days in the 1940s, the term 'chav' or 'chavvy' has been used in an affectionate way for a young male, from birth, through to teenage - more so in East Kent, it is not a 'new' term, and has been used for many years; in the late 1960s, I was given a book of poems by a Gypsy, and in the glossary, the author states that 'chav' is a young man or male child

In Mexico and Central America Chavo means young man, Chava young woman. Presumably some Latin root, SqueakBox 21:32, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

Apparently in Mexico they call 'Chavs' 'Guidos' is that right?

To whomever provided the cartoon chav
You forgot to draw him with his trackies tucked into his socks, an essential element of chaviness!

Minor Change
Altered the introduction slightly to be non-specific about ethnicity and class. These people are not confined to white/working class - they are everywhere, & can come from any/every background. Grey Area 07:31, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Bringing it on themselves?
"However, many also believe that by conforming to these social standards 'chavs' are stereotyping themselves, rather than being victims of any kind of class slur. Also, some point out that 'chavs' are not always from the working class - one famous person displaying many chav qualities is model Jordan, who comes from an upper-class family but embraces 'chav' fashion sense and morality. There is an intense mutual dislike between chavs and the group commonly named (usually by chavs) as 'grungers' - although an affiliation with grunge music is not always present. It has become common in certain internet forums and the like for chavs to complain about their cultural stereotyping, and then launch on a similar anti-grunger tirade, believing rock fans to be behind the common portrayal - although some would say that such websites, notably www.chavscum.co.uk present a reliable view of the truth, and the satirising webmaster should not be held responsible for having exposed chavs' own failings."

Inserted by an anon, removed from the article and copied here by me. Secretlondon 10:18, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

Ali G?
I'm fascinated by how our language has forked on the other side of the pond, and I'm interested in the modern slang of "olde" english. Is the Ali G charicature an example of a Chav? Over here in the States, it seems like a Chav is someone that has a culture identity crisis. I'm a big fan of the movie Snatch, which introduced me to Pikeys, but i've never heard of Chav before. Cfpresley 04:03, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

No. Ali G is a charva not a chav. Chav is just a fashion of burberry and the like which he certainly does not wear. -Josquius

Ali G is a satire on 'Chavs' and 'wiggers' 83.100.174.192 01:45, 28 September 2005 (UTC)Stuart

Different car stereotype?
Removed from article today - added by an anon, unsourced as ever.

"** Large 4x4 vehicles, in particular the Mitsubishi Shogun are known as 'Chav Wagons', and are the preferred family car. More recently 4x4 pickup trucks have become fashionable. These vehicles make a statement about 'Chav' attitude to the environment and community."

This contradicts the boy racer stereotype further up. Secretlondon 00:45, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I posted this. 4x4 vehicles (and sometimes the other cars listed) are referred to a Chav Wagons, at least in Medway through to Sittingbourne and Faversham. Visit Sittingbourne or Chatham Asda any day of the week and the so called Chav dads are driving 4x4s and more recently pickup trucks such as the Mitsubishi Animal. I have no source, only local knowledge having been born and brought up in Chatham and now living in Sittingbourne with a wife from Faversham. The term Chav Wagon may mean something else in other parts of the country. Personally I've never come across the term ChavMobile. I would consider this to be in addition to the boy racer stereotype rather than a contradiction to it. --Mrwhipster 02:06, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

Perhaps there should be a link to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_burner as well?
 * I think that term may be US-only. Secretlondon 02:15, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

I have never seen a 'Chavwagon' as you put. From my experience they drive used hatchbacks with gaudy modifications like inefficient tailgates or undercsr lights. 195.194.144.2 08:25, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Chav - Possible links with Essex Girls/Boys
Before the term Chav was widely used, Essex girls were the brunt of many jokes. These jokes have now been rewritten with 'Essex' replaced with 'Chatham'. There would seem to be many similarities between both groups e.g. fashion and car modding, except maybe the Chavs come from a lower income group than their Essex counterparts. I would exclude many of the negative properties of Chavs from the comparison as it is probably unfair to label everyone from Essex as anti-social. --Mrwhipster 02:54, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

"Michael Carrol self-proclaimed King of The Chavs" - self-proclaimed? I frequently see this sobriquet used, but I assumed it was a media (i.e. The Sun) invention. Jooler 18:42, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

American Slang
The term chav is stated as being equivalent to the american concept of white trash or trailer trash. This is incorrect. White Trash and Trailer Trash tend to be a less civilized, country style of person. The typical concept of a redneck. A chav appears to be more closely related to a wigger or a poser. This is the type of person who tries to dress and act as if they are thugs, raised on the streets, as if they are black. However, rarely are these people actually black. Even more rarely are they actually thugs. They tend to be rich or well off middle class white kids.

I agree. I changed the article to reflect that. Brianreading 02:50, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chav/Archive 1


text:
Talk:Querétaro

Flag
I live in Querétaro and I have never seen any "official" flag of the State. What is the source of this flag? Pablo 08:32, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

There are two Queretaro's in Mexico, one on the Baja penninsula, and the other in central Mexico roughly two hours North of Mexico City. I think the description here is getting the two of them confused. "a coastal city" -  nowhere near a coast. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Accuchillin (talk • contribs) 02:41, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

This line: "The Spanish conquerors were about to lose, when suddenly, the sky went dark and out of it came Saint James the Great and a fiery Holy Cross." needs to be elaborated upon or removed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.234.7.23 (talk) 13:20, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 03:41, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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About the official name
The Spanish Wikipedia article doesn't say anything about "Free and Sovereign State", so I do not know if it is the current official name of the Querétaro State.

Infobox flag RFC
Should this article have a flag inside the infobox? There is a discussion about it at WikiProject Mexico, where you can join and discuss it. (CC) Tb hotch ™ 20:36, 17 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Querétaro


text:
Stadttempel

The Stadttempel (City Prayer House), also called the Seitenstettengasse Temple, is an Orthodox Jewish synagogue, located at Seitenstettengasse 4, in the Innere Stadt 1st district of Vienna, Austria. Completed in 1826, it is the main synagogue in Vienna. The congregation worships in the Ashkenazi rite.

History
The synagogue was constructed from 1824 to 1826. The luxurious Stadttempel was fitted into a block of houses and hidden from plain view of the street, because of an edict issued by Emperor Joseph II that only Roman Catholic places of worship were allowed to be built with facades fronting directly on to public streets.

This edict saved the synagogue from total destruction during the Kristallnacht in November 1938, since the synagogue could not be destroyed without setting on fire the buildings to which it was attached. The Stadttempel was the only synagogue in the city to survive World War II, as Nazi paramilitary troops with the help of local authorities destroyed all of the other 93 synagogues and Jewish prayer-houses in Vienna, starting with the Kristallnacht.

In August 1950, the coffins of Theodor Herzl and his parents were displayed at the synagogue, prior to their transfer for reburial in Israel.

In the 1981 Vienna synagogue attack, two people from a bar mitzvah ceremony at the synagogue were murdered and thirty injured when Palestinian Arab terrorists attacked the synagogue with machine guns and hand grenades. On 2 November 2020, a terrorist attack near the synagogue left four civilians dead and 23 others wounded. It was not immediately certain if the synagogue was the target of the attack.

Today the synagogue is the main house of prayer for the Viennese Jewish Community of about 7,000 members.

The synagogue has been declared a historic monument.

Architecture
The synagogue was designed in elegant Biedermeier style by the Viennese architect Joseph Kornhäusel, architect to Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein, for whom he had built palaces, theaters and other buildings. Construction was supervised by the official municipal architect, Jacob Heinz.

Two five-story apartment houses, Numbers 2 and 4 Seitenstettengasse, were built at the same time as the synagogue, designed by the architect to screen the synagogue from the street in compliance with the Patent of Toleration, which permitted members of tolerated faiths to worship in clandestine churches, but not in buildings with facades on public streets. The synagogue is structurally attached to the apartment building at #4 Seitenstettengasse.

The synagogue itself is in the form of an oval. A ring of twelve Ionic columns support a two-tiered women's gallery. Originally, the galleries ended one column away from the Torah Ark, they were later extended to the columns beside the ark to provide more seating. the building is domed and lit by a lantern in the center of the dome, in classic Biedermeyer style.

A commemorative glass made at the time of the synagogue's dedication and etched with a detailed image of the synagogue's interior is now in the collection of the Jewish Museum (New York).

The synagogue underwent renovation in 1895 and again in 1904 by the Jewish architect Wilhelm Stiassny, adding considerable ornamentation, and, in the opinion of architectural historian Rachel Wischnitzer, "the serene harmony of the design was spoiled by renovations." Damage inflicted on Kristallnacht was repaired in 1949. The "Stadttempel" was renovated once again in 1963 by Prof. Otto Niedermoser.

Notable members

 * Adolf Jellinek
 * Simon Wiesenthal

title: Stadttempel


text:
Talk:S. Scott Bullock

Birthdate
Per the discussion at the Help Desk:
 * As such, we should be very careful about publishing his birthdate for privacy concerns. In fact, birthdates are specifically called out in WP:BLP.  The IP editor both times only edited this article and only to do the same action (remove the birthdate).  I can not ignore the fact that this pattern suggests we are gearing up for a WP:DOLT scenario where those IPs are, in fact, S. Scott Bullock himself removing his own birthdate.  I, of course, can't prove that.  I only have an editing pattern which supports this conclusion.  So, it comes to a balance of needs here -- Is providing this information weighed more than the privacy concerns laid out in WP:BLP?   Without evidence that this information is already widespread (outside of IMDb), I have to lean in favor of privacy for this living person.  As such, I'm removing the birthdate myself until multiple reliable sources showing this information is already widespread is presented, per WP:BLP.  -- ShinmaWa(talk) 03:44, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:S. Scott Bullock


text: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2005 October 12