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User talk:EarthBoundX5

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fixed --EarthBoundX5 (talk) 15:00, 21 May 2013 (UTC)

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Doctor Who: The crusade
Episode 3 of the crusade was never missing. see here => Spudgfsh  ( Text Me! ) 15:28, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

--My apologies again, I misunderstood the context of the table. In the wake of the recent recovered episodes, I was checking my collection for what I was still missing and thought that someone had made a mistake when I found ones I had that were not listed. --EarthBoundX5 (talk) 15:33, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Hero's Heart (video game)

The article Hero's Heart (video game) has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Fails WP:GNG. Topic lacks significant coverage from reliable independent sources."

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You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. The1337gamer (talk) 14:16, 26 December 2018 (UTC) Updated page in question --EarthBoundX5 (talk) 02:08, 27 December 2018 (UTC)

Hero's Heart (video game)
Topics need significant coverage from reliable, independent sources to show they are notable (WP:GNG). Mobygames is a database that anybody can edit; it is an unreliable source and should not be used to cite information on Wikipedia. If you can't find or direct me to some reliable, independent sources on the game, I'm going to nominate it for deletion (WP:AFD). --The1337gamer (talk) 09:18, 27 December 2018 (UTC)

I added sources in addition to Mobygames, did you not see that? I added the publisher of the game's own website? --EarthBoundX5 (talk) 18:35, 31 December 2018 (UTC)

Nomination of Hero's Heart (video game) for deletion
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I've updated the discussion page, hoping to correct this. --EarthBoundX5 (talk) 18:40, 31 December 2018 (UTC)

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title: User talk:EarthBoundX5


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Trout Beck

The Trout Beck is a fast flowing stream of the Lake District in North West England. It is one of the main sources of replenishment for Windermere, and is part of the Leven catchment. Its name comes from Old Norse and appears in documents from 1292 as Trutebyk. The river rises between the peaks of Stony Cove Pike and Thornthwaite Crag in the High Street range, at a height of about 1,970 ft.

Several tributaries flowing from the crags to the west of the High Street Roman road combine to form the young Trout Beck. The river descends rapidly, more or less in a southerly direction, through Troutbeck Park and to the west of Troutbeck Tongue. At a height of about 650 ft the Woundale Beck, draining the eastern flanks of Broad End and Pike How, is subsumed. The engorged Trout Beck then skirts Hird Wood on its eastern side before subsuming Hagg Gill at the 460 ft contour. This latter tributary drains the fells around the course of the old Roman road.

The river passes under Ing Bridge as it continues in a southerly direction down the Troutbeck valley through the tranquil fields of the valley bottom. The hamlets of Town Head and High Green are just to the west of the river as it enters Limefitt Park. On emerging from Limefitt the river is bridged by the A592 Kirkstone Pass road. Troutbeck village lies on the west side of the valley. Continuing through a narrow area of mixed woodland the river eventually reaches the A591 road at Troutbeck Bridge near the town of Windermere. After less than a mile (2 km) the river enters Windermere on its eastern shore at a point close to Calgarth Hall.

From its source the Trout Beck descends some 1,840 ft in a distance of about 7 mi. The river is a trout fishery where brown trout can be caught. Anglers should enquire locally about licences (an Environment Agency Rod Licence is required).

The Trout Beck is wholly within the historic county of Westmorland, and since 1974, has also been in the administrative county of Cumbria.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Trout Beck


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Julie Dubela

Julie Dubela (born January 16, 1991 ) is an American singer from Stratham, New Hampshire. She appeared on several television programs, including American Juniors and American Idol, and is known in the Boston, Massachusetts area for her live performances of "The Star-Spangled Banner".

Live performances
She has performed for the New Hampshire General Court, the state legislature of New Hampshire. She sang the national anthem in Fenway Park (home of the Boston Red Sox), TD Banknorth Garden (home of the Boston Bruins, formerly "FleetCenter"), Gillette Stadium (home of the New England Patriots), and elsewhere. Performances outside of sports have included the Seacoast Repertory Theater and an event planned to happen at Six Flags New England.

TV and film
Dubela first appeared on national TV in 2003, when she participated in Fox TV's American Juniors, a reality TV competition, to select members for a new band. She became a semi-finalist. Her last performance of "Rainy Days and Mondays" was criticized by the celebrity judges (Deborah Gibson, Gladys Knight and Justin Guarini), for her showing precociousness and nervousness in the performance, and she didn't make it the next stage. Subsequently, she appeared on PAX TV's America's Most Talented Kid, a TV talent competition, where she narrowly lost on an episode in 2005. Later in 2005, she was part of Discovery Kids's Endurance: Tehachapi, a national TV show similar to Survivor. She was paired on the Gray team with John Kardian, but was subsequently eliminated as the first team to go home. Taped during the summer, it started airing later in the year, continuing into early 2006 on the NBC broadcast network, in addition to the digital Discovery Kids Channel.

In September 2005, she appeared in the film Wait Till This Year, which was aired by the New England Sports Network (NESN) and subsequently released on DVD.

In January 2008, Dubela appeared as one of the hopefuls on the Miami audition episode of American Idol. However, all three judges voted to deny Dubela advancement to the Hollywood stage of the competition.

Charity
Dubela has done charitable work through the StarMight Foundation of Strafford, which involved contributing to a CD, Tru Colors, for the St. Jude's Children's Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. The CD was also distributed to children in New England area hospitals. Singers from the group, including Dubela, perform in person for the patients, who receive the CD, which is also sold separately to raise funds for the organization.

title: Julie Dubela


text: User talk:69.209.57.104

title: User talk:69.209.57.104


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Talk:Beadnell

Untitled
I can't find a concrete ref for the information about Terns, but know it as a fact as I used to be warden for that stretch of beach a few years ago. I'm sure the information came from the Joint Nature Conservancy Council but I can no longer find anything concrete on their website. Should I leave that info in or not? Does it really matter? I'm still new to wikipedia, as if you couldn't tell! - Henriksdal 19:37, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Beadnell


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Shamokin (village)

Shamokin (Saponi Algonquian Schahamokink: "place of crawfish") (Lenape: Shahëmokink ) was a multi-ethnic Native American trading village on the Susquehanna River, located partially within the limits of the modern cities of Sunbury and Shamokin Dam, Pennsylvania. It should not be confused with present-day Shamokin, Pennsylvania, located to the east. The village was the focus of missionary efforts, and then was the staging area for raids on English settlements in Pennsylvania during the French and Indian War. It was burned and abandoned by the Lenape in May, 1756. A few months later, Fort Augusta was constructed on the site of the village.

Etymology
"Shamokin" is usually described as derived from Schahamokink or Shahëmokink, ("place of crawfish") but it may be also a variant of the Lenape term Shackamaxon, from the Lenape term Sakimauchheen Ing which means "to make a chief or king place" referring to the residence of the foremost Lenape sachem (sakima) on the Delaware River.

The community is also sometimes referred to by the Iroquois name Otzinachson, which was according to Count Zinzendorf, the name the Iroquois gave to a "large cave, in a rocky hill in the wilderness...From it, the surrounding country and the West Branch of the Susquehanna are called Otzinachon, i. e., The Demon's Den, for here the evil spirits, say the Indians, have their seats and hold their revels."

Establishment and population
The date of first human settlement is not known. Stone tools and cord-marked pottery dating to between nine thousand and fifteen hundred years ago have been found in the area. A village definitely existed by 1711, when the Shawnee chief Opessa Straight Tail reportedly fled to Shamokin after being accused of complicity in the death of Francis Le Tort, an indentured servant who had fled into the forest with several escaped slaves that he was apparently trying to help. Le Tort was indentured to the Swedish-American trader, John Hansson Steelman (1655–1749) (also referred to as Stelman or Tillmann), and after Steelman offered bounty to some Shawnee warriors of Opessa's tribe to bring him back dead or alive, Francis was killed. Opessa took refuge in Shamokin and while there, he married Polly, Sassoonan's daughter.

At least one source states that the Delaware chief Sassoonan (Allumapees) was living at Shamokin as early as 1718. However, historian C. A. Weslager indicates that it was probably Shawnee migrants who first settled there. Delaware Indians displaced by German immigrants in Tulpehocken Creek Valley relocated to Shamokin in 1728. A large population of Delaware Indians was also forcibly resettled there after 1737 when they lost rights to their land in the Walking Purchase. Canasatego of the Six Nations, enforcing the Walking Purchase on behalf of George Thomas, Deputy Governor of Pennsylvania, ordered the Delaware Indians to go to two places on the Susquehanna River, Wyomink and Shamokin. Early in the eighteenth century, the village consisted of Iroquois migrants from the north, as well as Shawnee and Lenape settlers moving away from expanding white settlements in Pennsylvania, and also some Saponi and Tutelo from Virginia.

A 1727 map by John Taylor, of the forks of the Susquehanna River, shows Shamokin on both north and south banks of the west branch, with James Le Tort's store to the east. John Scull's store is marked on the east bank of the Susquehanna.

The Shamokin Traders
From 1727 to 1756, Shamokin was one of the largest and most influential Indian settlements in Pennsylvania. Traders John Petty and Henry Smith had a trading post at Shamokin as early as 1728, as did Samuel Cozzens,  John Hart, John Fisher, Timothy Higgins, Jonah Davenport, Alexander and Jack Armstrong, Woodworth Arnold, James Smith, John Scull and his brother Nicholas Scull II, and Anthony Sadowski. James Le Tort established a trading post at Chillisquaque Creek (known at the time by colonists as "Chenastry") about six miles north of Shamokin. These early traders are sometimes referred to as "the Shamokin Traders."

Life as an Indian trader was dangerous and unpredictable. Anthony Sadowski wrote to John Petty in August, 1728 that "the Sauanos [Shawnees] have hanged Timothy Higgins upon a pole of their cabin," although he does not say why. Petty wrote back that, while on their way to Shamokin, they had met Higgins, who "was thought to be hanged, escapt his life very narrowly...We dare not take him [back to Shamokin]." John Hart and John Fisher were accidentally shot and killed during a hunting expedition with a group of Lenapes in the fall of 1729. Jack Armstrong and his servants Woodworth Arnold and James Smith were killed in 1744 by Lenape Indians over a stolen horse. Jonah Davenport lost much of his property during violence with Indians and died in poverty near Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

A later arrival was Thomas McKee (1695–1769), father of Indian agent Alexander McKee (1735–1799). He arrived in the area before 1735, when Alexander was born, and had two posts on the left bank of the Susquehanna, near Shamokin. He quickly became fluent in the Delaware language. The Moravian Bishop John F. Cammerhoff and David Zeisberger visited McKee's trading post on 13 January, 1748. In his journal the bishop wrote: "At nine-o'clock we reached Thomas McKee's, the last white settlement on the river, below Shamokin. McKee holds a captain's commission under the government; is an extensive Indian Trader; bears a good name among them; and drives a brisk trade with the Allegheny country. His wife, who was brought up among the Indians, speaks but little English. They received us with much kindness and hospitality."

Leadership
In August 1736, Chief Allumapees (Sassoonan) visited Philadelphia and reported that "some of the Six Nations had been lately at Shamokin and had enquired kindly touching their Brethren there, towards whom they shewed much Love and Friendship." On 18 September, The Pennsylvania Provincial Council was informed by Conrad Weiser that "there was a large number of those People with many of their Chiefs arrived at Shamokin, on Sasquehanna." This was a diplomatic visit intended to confirm the dominance of the Iroquois Confederacy over the Delaware. In October over a hundred of these Iroquois met with Pennsylvania authorities at Stenton, James Logan's country home in Logan, Philadelphia, to affirm friendship and to encourage trade. The Delawares were major suppliers of furs and skins as part of the growing fur trade in Pennsylvania.

The Oneida chief Shikellamy moved to Shamokin in 1737, where he served as a representative of the Iroquois, supervising Lenape affairs. He was visited there in March of that year by Conrad Weiser. Shikellamy was there when Sassoonan died at Shamokin in 1747. Shikellamy died at Shamokin on 6 December 1748, after which a faction of Delawares left and founded Tioga, Pennsylvania. Chief Shingas may have been born at Shamokin.

Visit by Count Zinzendorf, 1742
Count Nicolaus von Zinzendorf visited Shamokin together with Conrad Weiser and Anna Nitschmann in September, 1742, and met there with Shikellamy. The Count believed that Shikellamy, who had converted to Christianity, could serve as a vital agent of change in converting all Indians to Christianity. Shikellamy permitted the Moravians to establish a mission at Shamokin, and he served as an emissary between the Moravians and Madame Montour's village of Otstonwakin at the mouth of Loyalsock Creek and French Margaret's village at the mouth of Lycoming Creek. Shikellamy permitted the Moravians to stay in his home, lent them horses for work, and helped them build their homes. He formally converted to Christianity in November 1748 at the Moravian city of Bethlehem. On his return journey Shikellamy became ill and died in Shamokin on December 6, 1748.

Peace negotiations, 1743
After a series of violent conflicts between Indians and white settlers, Meshemethequater, Sassoonan and other chiefs from the Six Nations (including Shikellamy), the Tuscaroras, and the Lenape met with Conrad Weiser and Andrew Montour at Shamokin on 4 February, 1743, and received wampum from Weiser, who was trying to persuade the Shawnees not to attack English traders living on the Allegheny, to prevent war from erupting. Ultimately, the negotiations were successful.

Visit by Bartram and Evans, 1743
John Bartram and Lewis Evans visited Shamokin in July, 1743. Bartram wrote in his journal: July 8: We crossed the creek and rode along a rich bottom near the river for two miles...beyond which, two miles good oak land brought us to the town of Shamokin. It contains eight cabbins near the river's bank...It is by means of this neighborhood that we may reasonably hope...that a very beneficial trade may be extended...I quartered in a trader's cabbin, and about midnight the Indians came and called up him and his squaw...She sold the Indians rum, with which being quickly intoxicated, men and women began first to sing and then dance around the fire; then the women would run out to other cabbins and soon return, leaving the men singing and dancing the war dance, which continued all the next day...As soon as we alighted they shewed us where to lay our baggage, and then brought us a bowl of boiled squashes cold...I had learnt not to despise good Indian food. July 9: After breakfast Lewis Evans and myself went to the point of the mountain...and having taken a pleasant view of the mountains and of the charming plain of Shamokin, 2 miles long and above one broad, skirted on the west and north by the river, and encompassed east and partly south with lofty hills...we returned to the town and dined. July 10: We departed [from Shamokin] in the morning, with Shickcalamy and his son, he being the chief man in the town, which consisted of Delaware Indians...Our journey now lay through very rich bottoms to a creek, six miles from Shamokin, a great extent of fruitful low ground still continuing. Here we found a fine meadow of grass on our right, and rich dry ground on the left...peach-trees, plumbs, and excellent grapes.

Visits by Conrad Weiser, 1744-1745
In May, 1744 Conrad Weiser was sent to Shamokin to investigate the murder of Jack Armstrong, a trader, and two of his servants, after a dispute over a horse. Weiser interviewed Shikellamy and Allumapees and learned that a Lenape Indian named Mussemeelin owed Armstrong a debt, and in late 1743 Armstrong had taken Mussemeelin's horse as payment. Mussemeelin later paid Armstrong 20 shillings to settle the debt, but Armstrong refused to return the horse. Mussemeelin and two of his friends later found Armstrong and his servants clearing a road on the Juniata River and killed them. Afterwards, Mussemeelin's friends told others in the village about the murder, and eventually they were arrested and made to confess. Weiser arrived on 2 May, 1744 and heard the confession. Goods that were taken from Armstrong were returned to his brother Alexander, and Mussemeelin and one of the two accomplices were handed over to Weiser, to stand trial in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The second accomplice was arrested, but the Indians allowed him to escape. The site of Jack Armstrong's murder, in a gorge on the Juniata River, was afterwards known as Jacks Narrows, and the ridge nearby is still known as Jacks Mountain.

In September Weiser and eight other men built a house at Shamokin for Shikellamy, which he described in a 29 September letter to James Logan: "The day before yesterday I came back from Shohomokin, where I have been with eight young men of my country people, whom Shickalemy hired to build a locke house for him, and I went with them to direct them. We finished the house in 17 days; it is 49 1/2 foot long and 17 1/2 wide, and covered with singels."

The designation of "locke house" may indicate either that this was intended as a storehouse that could be locked, or possibly a jail.

Visit by Bishop Spangenberg, 1745
In June, 1745, Bishop August Gottlieb Spangenberg, Weiser and Zeisberger visited Shamokin where they met with Shikellamy and the elderly chief Sassoonan: "[Spangenberg] and Conrad crossed the river to visit the Indian King {Sassoonan] who lives there, and had the honor to smoke a pipe with him." The bishop described "Allummapees" as "very old, almost blind, and very poor; but withal has still power over, and is beloved by his people and is a friend of the English." Spangenberg was also informed of David Brainerd's visit to Shamokin in May. Shikellamy reported that "[The Reverend Brainerd] had assembled the Delawares in Shikellmy's house, and...informed them that on Sundays they should assemble as the whites do, and pray as they do. Hence he would build a house for that purpose, and stay with them two years. That the Governor had given him orders to that effect, and he would be glad to see the Indians hearken to him. To this Shikellmy said: 'We are Indians, and don't wish to be trans formed into white men. The English are our Brethren, but we never promised to become what they are. As little as we desire the preacher to become Indian, so little ought he to desire the Indians to become preachers. He should not build a house here, they don't want one.'"

They also visited Madame Montour, Andrew Montour's mother, on Shamokin Island.

Visits by David Brainerd, 1745
In May and September, 1745 Presbyterian missionary David Brainerd visited Shamokin and wrote:

Shaumoking, Sept. 1745. Sept. 13: ...Arrived at the Indian town I aimed at on the Susquehannah, called Shaumoking, one of the places and the largest of them which I visited May last. I was kindly received and entertained by the Indians but had little satisfaction by reason of the Heathenish revel they then held in the house where I was obliged to lodge...The Town lies partly on the east and the west shores of the river, and partly on the island. It contains upwards of fifty houses and three hundred inhabitants, though I never saw much more than half that number in it...About one-half are Delawares; the others, Senecas and Tutelars. The Indians of this place are accounted the most drunken, mischievous, and ruffian-like fellows of any in these parts; and Satan seems to have his seat in this town in an eminent manner. Sept 16: Spent the forenoon with the Indians, endeavoring to instruct them from house to house, and to engage them as far as I could, to be friendly to Christianity. Towards night, went to one part of the town where they were sober, got together near fifty of them and discoursed to them, having first obtained the king's cheerful consent. There was surprising attention among them, and they manifested a considerable desire of being further instructed.

Moravian mission at Shamokin, 1747-1755
The Moravian mission in Shamokin was set up in 1747 primarily as a blacksmith’s shop to serve the Iroquois and their protected tribes, the Delaware, Tutelo, Conoy, and Shawnee. The leader of the Moravian church, Count Zinzendorf, recognized the strategic importance of Shamokin as the seat of Shikellamy, de facto leader of the Delaware. On 5 May, 1746 Conrad Weiser sent a request to the Governor of Pennsylvania stating that a blacksmith at Shamokin was urgently needed. In November the Governor responded, "The Five Nations of Indians have taken up the Hatchet against our Enemies. Therefore you may write to Mr Spangenberg that he may send People among the Indians when he will." Approval was given to establish a forge at Shamokin.

In April of 1747, Shikellamy insisted to missionary John Martin Mack that any work done at the smith for the Five Nations should be without charge, saying, "I desire, T’girketonti (Spangenberg's Iroquois name) my brother, that when something is done to their flints that it is done for free, because they have nothing with which to pay. However, when they return, and they have something done, then they would have to pay for it." All other Native American customers to the smithy had to pay for their services in deer, fox, and racoon skins.

In the late spring of 1747, Moravian missionaries arrived in Shamokin and discussed the blacksmith project in a conference with the chief Shikellamy and his advisors. The forge and a mission were built in June and July, 1747 and by the end of July the forge was opened. The first blacksmith, Anton Schmidt, arrived on July 23 with his wife Catharina. The diary entry for that day states, "It was as though a king had arrived, even Shikellamy was very happy." He gave Schmidt an Iroquois name, Rachwistonis, and immediately accompanied him and Hagen down the river to Harris' Ferry to collect the rest of the tools for the blacksmith's shop.

In January, 1748 the Moravian community was visited by Bishop John Cammerhoff.

The Moravian mission was strictly controlled to avoid creating a European-style settlement. Trading was limited to skins and furs and initially the missionaries were not permitted to own livestock. Some of these regulations were relaxed as the mission grew and other Europeans settled nearby. In 1754 Conrad Weiser surveyed the land near Shamokin with plans to build a new settlement in the area.

In July, 1754, much of the land west of the Susquehanna was transferred from the Six Nations to Pennsylvania at the Albany Congress. However, Shamokin was not sold and was reserved by the Six Nations, "to settle such of our Nations as shall come to us from the Ohio or any others who shall deserve to be in our Alliance." According to Weslager, "the Pennsylvania authorities had no opposition to the Six Nations reserving Wyoming and Shamokin from the sale, since friendly Delawares, including Teedyuscung and his people living in those settlements--and any other Indians who might be placed there--constituted a buffer against Connecticut." The presence of the Moravian mission was viewed as an indication that the Lenape there would support the British, or at least remain neutral in any conflict with the French.

French and Indian War
The French and Indian War brought fighting to much of the region. The Delaware Indian residents of Shamokin remained neutral for much of the early part of the war, in part because a drought and unseasonable frost in Shamokin in 1755 left them without provisions. However, some Delaware Indians at Shamokin joined the war against Pennsylvania and the English after Braddock's defeat at the Battle of the Monongahela on 9 July, 1755. On 16 October, 1755 Lenape Indians allied with the French attacked and destroyed the town of Penns Creek, Pennsylvania about ten miles west of Shamokin. As news of the Penn's Creek massacre spread, panic gripped the settlements. Trading post owner John Harris Jr. wrote to the governor and offered to lead an expedition upriver to try to pacify the Native Americans and find out the mindset of those at Shamokin, since the Indians there were known to be friendly to settlers. He gathered a group of 40 or 50 men and set out on 22 October.

At Shamokin, they found a gathering of Lenape painted all in black who had come from the Ohio and Allegheny River Valleys. Andrew Montour, an Indian of mixed Oneida, Algonquin and French ancestry, was among those painted in black but was known to Harris and often acted as an interpreter. He advised Harris to return home immediately along the east side of the Susquehanna. Harris and his men started back but disregarded Montour's warning to stay on the east side of the river. On 25 October they were ambushed by twenty or thirty Lenape, who fired on them, forcing Harris's men to jump into the river, where four of them drowned while trying to reach the opposite bank. on 28 October Harris sent a report to the governor in which he states: The Indians are all assembling themselves at Shamokin to counsel; a large body of them were there four days ago. I cannot learn their intentions, but...there is not a sufficient number of them to oppose the enemy; and, perhaps, they will join the enemy [the French] against us...At the same time, some of the Shamokin Indians seem friendly, and others appear like enemies.

In November 1755, following the Gnadenhütten massacre in which eleven missionaries were killed and the mission house was burned, the Moravian missionaries at Shamokin, in fear of their lives, abandoned the mission and fled to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

There were only about 200 warriors among the Shamokin Lenape, but their numbers were soon bolstered by approximately 700 Ohio Lenape who came east to join them in their raids. By March 1756, five months after the massacre at Penn's Creek, they had killed some 200 settlers and taken an equal number captive. Settlers across eastern Pennsylvania left their homesteads and moved to more populated areas to the south and east.

Abandonment, 1756
On 14 April 1756, Pennsylvania Governor Robert Hunter Morris officially declared war on the Delaware Nation, offering a bounty of $130 for the scalp of every Lenape male over ten years of age and $50 for a Lenape woman's scalp, or $150 for a male Lenape prisoner and $130 for a female one. Concerned over the possibility of attack, the leaders of Shamokin burned the village and the population relocated to another community on Nescopeck Creek. A scouting party led by George Allen visited the site on 3 June and found it abandoned.

Fort Augusta
Governor Robert Hunter Morris ordered the construction of forts garrisoned with colonial militia, and in early 1756 Fort Augusta, Fort Shirley, Fort Lyttleton and Fort Granville were built. Plans to build a fort on the Susquehanna were made in late 1755, but not implemented until June 1756 when Colonel William Clapham and Major James Burd finally received sufficient funding and supplies to begin construction at the site of the village of Shamokin. Fort Augusta was largely completed by late August 1756. It was the largest British fort built in Pennsylvania, with earthen walls more than two hundred feet long topped by wooden fortifications. The fort was garrisoned by sixteen officers and 337 men and served as base for the Third Battalion, Pennsylvania Regiment of Foot, known as the Augusta Regiment, which was originally formed to build and garrison Fort Augusta.

In November 1756, Colonel Clapham informed Deputy Governor William Denny that about fifty miles up the West Branch Susquehanna River was an Indian village with only ten families, located near Great Island (now known as Lock Haven, Pennsylvania). The inhabitants had formerly lived at Shamokin and were reportedly under French influence. Clapham believed that war parties from this village had been ambushing, killing and scalping soldiers and civilians, including the soldier killed in September at Bloody Spring. He ordered a raiding party of 42 men, with Andrew Montour acting as a guide, to destroy the village,  and instructed the commander, Captain Hambright, "to Kill, Scalp, and capture as many as you can." The raiding party found the village empty, but returned later and destroyed it.

Archaeological investigations
Archaeological investigations conducted in 1978 and 1979 on a vacant property (called the Charles Cobler property) just north of the Hunter House found large amounts of fill materials associated with the fort's construction and its demolition. Below this, archaeologists uncovered the remains of the village of Shamokin and even earlier prehistoric occupations. Numerous Native American artifacts, dating mainly to the Archaic and Middle Woodland periods between nine thousand and fifteen hundred years ago, were recovered. These consisted of stone tools, spear points, cord-marked pottery, and large cooking hearths.

Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission archaeologists also found gunflints, musket balls, broken glass, white clay pipe fragments, and a variety of metal objects, many of which can be dated to the mid-eighteenth century. Portions of a palisade wall, a trench, and a dry moat were discovered and artifacts such as burned cow, sheep, pig, and horse bones, gun parts, buttons, cannon balls, and glazed colonial ceramics as well as fragments of iron and brass, slag, charcoal, worked gun parts, stone from a foundation, and highly oxidized soil indicated the presence of a blacksmith shop. This shop was identified as that constructed by the Moravian missionaries who lived at Shamokin until 1755.

Great Shamokin Path
The Great Shamokin Path (also known as the "Shamokin Path") was a major Native American trail in Pennsylvania that ran from Shamokin along the left bank of the West Branch Susquehanna River north and then west to the Great Island (near modern-day Lock Haven). There it left the river and continued further west to Chinklacamoose (what is now the borough of Clearfield) and finally Kittanning on the Allegheny River. Pennsylvania was criss-crossed with well-traveled trails, as navigation by canoe was impractical due to the lack of the canoe birch (Betula papyrifera), which does not grow in the area. Eleven major Indian paths or trade routes led into Shamokin: The Bottom Path, the Catawissa Path, the Great Island Path, the Great Shamokin Path, the Great Warriors Path, the Paxtang Path, the Penns Creek Path, the Susquehanna Path, the Tulpehocken Path, the Tuscarora Path, and the Wyoming Path. These trails were level and direct and were situated above flood level or along well-drained ridges.

title: Shamokin (village)


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National Council of Young Israel

The National Council of Young Israel (NCYI) or Young Israel (in Hebrew:, Yisrael Hatza'ir), is a synagogue-based Orthodox Judaism organization in the United States with a network of affiliated "Young Israel" synagogues. Young Israel was founded in 1912, in its earliest form, by a group of 15 young Jews on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. Their goal was to make Orthodox Judaism more relevant to young Americanized Jews at a time when a significant Jewish education was rare, and most Orthodox institutions were Yiddish-speaking and oriented to an older, European Jewish demographic.

Today, Young Israel continues to promote Orthodox involvement of modern American Jews, while also advocating for the issues most relevant to its members, including support for Israel and Religious Zionism.

History
Early in the 20th century, American Jews were striving primarily for social and economic advancement, often leaving their religious observances behind. Because most jobs required working on Saturdays, observance of the Jewish Sabbath was rare, as were many other traditions. At the same time, the Reform movement had been expanding rapidly for about 40 years, and with its relaxed religious codes, secularly-educated leadership, and English orientation, attracted an increasing number of young people away from the folds of Orthodoxy.

A group of young Orthodox Jews decided to do what they could to make Orthodox Judaism more relevant to their peers, and combat the wave of assimilation by Jews into Reform and secular American society. In 1911, Max Grablowsky, Joshua Horowitz and Benjamin Koenigsberg determined to organize a way to present an orthodox alternative to young people. It developed informally with two programs, one for education and one for worship. After consulting with Judah Magnes, the enlarged group, which was calling itself the Hebrew Circle, renamed itself Young Israel. Benjamin Koenigsberg, the first Orthodox Jewish American attorney loaned his law office to the organization. 1911 also saw the first issue of the Young Israel Viewpoint, a bimonthly that continued publication until 1988.

Seminars
The group developed a Friday night (Sabbath) lecture series in 1912, given in English. Judah Magnes delivered the inaugural address, attended by thousands. This was a major innovation in the Orthodox world. They were initially advised by rabbis Israel Friedlander and Mordecai Kaplan on topics and speakers. According to Bunim, Friedlander and Kaplan were affiliates of the Conservative Jewish Theological Seminary and the Conservative Judaism movement, and they sought to use Young Israel to establish a youth platform for the Conservative movement; until the end of World War I, Young Israel had two groups, the firmly Orthodox, and the more liberal group that worked with the Conservatives. According to Kraut (1998), Kaplan "worked for the Young Israel initiative that in conception was nondenominational..."

Synagogues
The first Young Israel synagogue was established in 1913 on East Broadway, on Manhattan's Lower East Side. David Warshaw traces the origins of the new synagogue to the summer of 1913, when some members of the YI seminar group were asked into a storefront shul [synagogue] at 205 East Broadway, to complete a minyan. Much to their delight, the shul allowed the new young members to lead services at least once each month. As they led the services, the Young Israel members introduced some small stylistic changes, that were acceptable to the Orthodox wing and would make the service more palatable to the Young Israel congregants. The changes included singing many parts of the prayer service, and the distribution of worship honors equally, where they had traditionally gone to established, wealthy congregants who could pay for them.

Though the shul predated its Young Israel members, within months, they had attracted so many new young members, that they outgrew the store and moved to the Educational Alliance building. The young people had taken over the shul, itself a novel experience. However, it was not directly linked to the Young Israel lecture series, only sharing a common group of leaders, and the common idea of refreshing Orthodoxy for younger Jews. Recognizing its potential for young Jews everywhere, they named themselves "The Model Synagogue Organization." However, they recognized the synergy with the forums, and renamed the shul Young Israel.

The first name of the shul was prescient. Young Jews in other neighborhoods were soon starting their own Young Israel shuls. However, each was independent, with only informal connections to the original group.

Centralization and Orthodoxy
By the end of World War I, the two Lower East Side groups shared a name, but little else. The Conservative group promoted the seminars, and the Orthodox group was focused on prayer. They reached a truce in 1918 and agreed to join forces in more than just name, and created a single Young Israel organization, led by Irving Bunim, who would be president of NCYI for many years.

By 1920, Bunim and his Orthodox cohort grew nervous about the Conservative wing and their increasing theological changes. They did not like the changes in and of themselves, and these changes also prevented recognition of Young Israel by Orthodox rabbis, which would likely cause Young Israel to become a de facto branch of the Conservative movement. The merger created two years before had also caused the Conservatives to start trying to make changes in the Synagogue arm, which had been exclusively Orthodox. He sought the help of Rabbi Bernard Revel, and was able to convince the entire Young Israel to follow Revel's advice. Between Revel, and extensive networking by Bunim with other potential Young Israel leaders in the Orthodox community, the Conservative rabbis, particularly Kaplan, were shut out of the entire organization, and the movement became firmly Orthodox.

Charters
To bolster this success, in 1922 the Orthodox leaders added some basic Orthodox-oriented requirements to the Young Israel charter, such as synagogue requirements for regularly-held services, Torah study, separation of men and women. In 1924, the central group organized a convention for all the other groups that had emulated them (by setting up their own original Young Israel lectures and shuls). The other neighborhood groups agreed to abide by the charter. By 1926, the organization was incorporated, and owned the trademarked name, ''Young Israel. ''Any new shuls wishing to use the name would have to get agreement from the central organization, which required subscription to the charter. This prevented any Young Israel shul from moving toward Conservative practice.

Constitution
The Council 's Constitution, gave it rights to proceeds of a sale by a failing branch of assets, with these funds benefitting the community or other branches. In 2021 a vote was made to nullify this provision.

Growth
By 1925, Young Israel was extending into social services, and formed a support agency for Sabbath-observant employment that included job placement and vocational training.

Later in the decade, the synagogue network grew to about 25. The central organization developed a Wall Street office with a full-time staff. The office began publishing material regularly for branches and Young Israel members. A few years later, branches starting opening outside of New York. By 1935, there were branches in New York, New England, Chicago, and elsewhere in the Midwest, Canada, and Israel.

3 West 16th Street
NCYI, the movement's umbrella, is a not-for-profit service organization, as defined by their 501(c)(3) status. The main headquarters, having been located at 3 West 16 street for over half a century, is now located in Paramus, NJ.

Through 2006, NCYI headquarters was at 3 West 16th Street, a valuable property that it owned. Young Israel of Fifth Avenue leased its synagogue in the same building from NCYI. When NCYI sought to sell the building in 2002, the synagogue sued for breach of their long-standing arrangement, as the sale would require their eviction. The synagogue claimed that they were co-owners of the building. Eventually, a deal was made involving two other parties, the building sold, and NCYI moved its small staff to leased office space in lower Manhattan. However, the other two parties eventually had a falling-out, leading to the synagogue's eviction.

The organization had been subject to an investigation by then-New York State Attorney General Eliot Spitzer's Charities Bureau. According to The Forward: "New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer, renowned for his jousts with the titans of corporate America, recently saw his own office tied in knots and thrown into turmoil during a three-year investigation into a small Orthodox synagogue organization."

Today
In July 2013, Rabbi Perry Tirschwell assumed the position of Executive Director. His predecessors included Rabbis Ephraim Sturm and Pesach Lerner. The new administration has made significant changes in the organization: moving the national office out of Manhattan, putting Viewpoint [magazine] on hold; and creation of two monthly publications whose goal is to share best practices: Shul Solutions and Practical Pulpit.

Many older Young Israel synagogues have declined and closed, but others still thrive. NCYI serves as the national coordinating agency for nearly 150 Orthodox congregations of nearly 25,000 member families throughout the United States and Canada. NCYI also serves as a resource to its sister organization in Israel, entitled Yisrael Hatzair - "The Young Israel Movement in Israel", encompassing over 50 synagogues in Israel. It is a grassroots organization administrated on the congregational model, taking its direction from local and national lay leadership as well as rabbis and professional staff. Its socio-cultural outlook is strongly influenced by the Religious Zionist Movement, with strong support of Israel as the homeland for the Jewish people. Congregations belonging to NCYI are generally named "Young Israel of...", followed by the name of the city or neighborhood.

In recent decades, the Orthodox world has seen an increase in women's involvement in synagogue services, except for Haredi institutions. The practice has spread to several Young Israel branches. It is controversial in the Orthodox world, and most rabbis do not allow it. On advice of its rabbinical board, to help stanch the trend, NCYI implemented the Rambam's requirement that no women or converts to Judaism could serve as President of any of its synagogues. This has alienated some Young Israels. According to the Jewish Star, the rabbi of a synagogue with a female president was threatened by NCYI's leadership.

Young Israel Council of Rabbis
The Young Israel Council of Rabbis is the rabbinic arm of the organization.

Young Israel Kosher Dining clubs
To promote Orthodox values (eating kosher, observing the Sabbath, marrying fellow Jews), NCYI opened kosher dining programs on major USA college campuses. The first one opened at Cornell University in September 1956.

Divisions
The main divisions are Synagogue Services, Rabbinical Services, and a Benevolent Association (burial society). Additional components of the organization are the Women's League, the InterCollegiate Council (ICC), Youth department, American Friends of Yisrael Hatzair, and the Council of Rabbis. There are also departments with a focus on seniors, singles and an employment departments.

Intercollegiates published:
 * Aryeh Kaplan's five booklet Hashkafa series and
 * Masorah, a newspaper

Controversy
A 2018 statement issued by the head of a major internal committee regarding juggling of political alignments in the administration of Israel's Prime Minister led, after various Tweets and press releases, to the breakaway of an Atlanta-based branch that had joined NCYI in 1994. NCYI's president acknowledged that another branch had left the organization five years prior.

Young Israel of Brookline
Young Israel of Brookline is located in Brookline, Massachusetts. The Boston Globe described it as, "an influential synagogue described as modern or centrist Orthodox.". It is known for the high level of Jewish scholarship among both the men and women of the congregation.

The congregation is particularly noted for the architecture of its building. In 1994 the synagogue building suffered a severe fire, caused by a deteriorated electrical panel  In 1996, the Young Israel dedicated a new building designed by Graham Gund. The building has a wrought-iron menorah sculpted by David Tonnesen. Instead of stained glass, the building uses art glass that has the effect of scattering rainbows over the congregation. Notable members include Aaron Feuerstein and Jeff Jacoby. Rabbi Saul Berman is a former rabbi of the Young Israel. Since 2014, the rabbi of Young Israel of Brookline has been Rabbi David Hellman.

It was founded by Samuel Feuerstein, whose son Aaron Mordechai donated $1,000,000 to help it rebuild after a major fire.

Young Israel of Fifth Avenue
In 1945, when NCYI bought its headquarters building on West 16th Street, it also fostered the development of new branch synagogue on site, The Young Israel of Fifth Avenue. This became a point of contention over 50 years later, when NCYI sold the building. Eventually, due to this rift, the synagogue disaffiliated with Young Israel, and is now known as the Sixteenth Street Synagogue. As of 2013, it does not have its own quarters, and other area synagogues host prayer services that 16th Street members attend.

Young Israel of Flatbush
This was one of the earliest branches, and the affiliate that then-president Irving Bunim chose as the leader, in the 1930s, for instituting rabbinic leadership of Young Israel synagogues. At the time, it was one of the larger shuls, and was initially against getting a rabbi. By winning over such a prominent dissenter, Bunim succeeded in setting a trend for all branches, and Rabbi Solomon Sharfman became the first rabbi.

Young Israel Beth-El of Boro Park
Established well before World War II as Young Israel of Boro Park, during the 1980s Young Israel merged with the Congregation Beth El of Borough Park, founded in 1902, to form Young Israel Beth El of Borough Park. The merged congregation worships from the National Register of Historic Places–listed synagogue on 15th Avenue in Brooklyn.

Largest
Young Israel of Woodmere is by far the branch with the largest congregation. There are approximately one thousand two hundred and fifty families as of 2018.

The second largest branch is that of Young Israel of Deerfield Beach in Century Village, with about 1000 members. During the winter months, "with almost 120 men attending, the Daf Yomi class is America’s largest."

title: National Council of Young Israel


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File:ThinLineMoviePoster.jpg

Summary
Movie poster from the movie A Thin Line Between Love and Hate.

title: File:ThinLineMoviePoster.jpg


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Culpable (disambiguation)

Being culpable, also known as culpability, is a measure of the degree to which an agent can be held morally or legally responsible for action and inaction.

Culpable may also refer to:
 * "Culpable", 2010 song by Mexican singer Belinda Peregrín
 * "Culpable" (song), 2022 song by American singer Romeo Santos with Dominican rapper Lápiz Conciente
 * Culpable (film), 1960 Argentine film
 * Culpable (podcast), 2019 podcast hosted by Dennis Cooper

title: Culpable (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Grunge/to do

To-do list
 * Further detail on lyrical content
 * Add more citations from reliable sources
 * Revamp "Decline of mainstream popularity" section
 * Detail relationship between grunge and post-grunge and Britpop
 * Add relevant fair use sound clips

title: Talk:Grunge/to do


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1810s Atlantic hurricane seasons

Tropical Storm One
On July 30 and July 31, this tropical storm affected Jamaica.

Hurricane Two
On August 12 a hurricane hit Trinidad, causing heavy damage. The system apparently moved to Jamaica by the 15th.

Tropical Storm Three
A tropical storm hit near Charleston, South Carolina between September 11 and September 13, causing minor damage.

Hurricane Four
A hurricane strikes eastern Cuba on September 28.

Hurricane Five
The "Salty Storm" strikes Cuba on October 24 and 25th before continuing onward into the southwest Atlantic. The pressure at Havana falls to 29.35 in Hg (994 hPa).

Hurricane One
Macapá, a city in Brazil on the mouth of the Amazon River, on June 7, 1811, saw an intense hurricane with damage to the city being minor as a localized weather event kept the damage to Portuguese military installations.

Hurricane Two
A minimal hurricane that struck Cuba continued onward to Charleston, South Carolina on September 10, causing many deaths, tornadoes, and crop damage as it moved across the state.

Hurricane Three
On October 4 a major hurricane hit near St. Augustine, Florida. Many homes were destroyed, and 35 people drowned in the sinking of a U.S. gunboat.

Hurricane Four
On October 11 a hurricane strikes Pensacola, Florida and Fort Stoddard, Alabama.

Hurricane Five
A hurricane moved through the western Caribbean west of Jamaica to Cuba between October 20 and October 25. On October 26, a Spanish ship is lost at Elliot Key from a hurricane.

Tropical Storm One
Between June 5 and June 11, a tropical storm moved through the northwest Caribbean Sea.

Tropical Storm Two
A tropical storm struck Puerto Rico on July 23.

Tropical Storm Three
On August 8, a tropical storm moved into South Carolina.

The Great Louisiana hurricane of 1812
A tropical storm was sighted east of Jamaica on August 14. By August 19, it struck southeast Louisiana as a major hurricane after raking the Caribbean Islands. It passed just to the west of New Orleans, almost destroying the levee north of town. The hurricane caused severe flooding, damaged 53 boats, caused $6,000,000 in damage, and 100 deaths. The British fleet in the War of 1812 was disrupted.

Hurricane Five
There is record of another hurricane affecting Puerto Rico on August 21.

Hurricane Six
A hurricane impacted northeast coastal Florida and lower coastal Georgia on October 1. The storm was apparently either stationary for a few days, or performed a loop at sea, as hurricane conditions were reported again on October 5 in the same general areas.

Hurricane Seven
Later in the season, a hurricane hit Jamaica on October 12, affecting the island into the 14th. It continued northwestward and struck Grand Cayman shortly afterwards. Later that day, the hurricane hit Cuba before moving into the southwest Atlantic east of Bermuda by October 17. It destroyed 500 houses and many ships.

Hurricane One
July 22–29. On 22 July, a hurricane hit Barbados, killing 18. It continued through the Antilles, affecting Puerto Rico on the July 23, causing more damage and deaths along its path. A major hurricane, probably this same storm, struck the Bahamas on July 26 and recurved west of Bermuda by July 29.

Hurricane Two
July 29-August 1. A hurricane moved through the Leeward Islands on July 29 and then struck Jamaica during July 31 and August 1 leading to many lives lost. The hurricane moved into Belize on August 3.

Hurricane Three
August 3–7. A hurricane strikes nearby Bermuda with the severest weather occurring on August 4 and 5. It ranks the most powerful hurricane to affect the island since 1793 and forced the construction of a breakwater to prevent a similar harbor disaster from recurring; the "violent gale" drove ashore more than 30 ships. Winds were estimated at 90 mi/h during the passage of the hurricane.

Hurricane Four
August 24–29. A storm affected the Caicos islands on August 24 and moved northwest as a compact major hurricane to strike near Charleston, South Carolina on August 27, causing many deaths due to drowning. The storm passed northward through the Mid-Atlantic States by August 29.

Hurricane Five
August 25–28. A powerful hurricane hit Dominica and Martinique beginning August 25, causing 3,000 deaths. The hurricane moved south of Jamaica, bringing wind to the island on August 28.

Hurricane Six
A major hurricane hit northeast Florida or southeast Georgia on 16 September, causing strong storm surge and 50 casualties.

Hurricane One
A minimal hurricane hit South Carolina on July 1, causing 1 tornado.

Hurricane Two
A hurricane struck Dominica and Puerto Rico between July 22 and July 24.

Hurricane Three
A hurricane affected Bermuda for four days around October 10. USS Wasp probably lost in hurricane.

Hurricane One
July 27-August 10. A hurricane was reported on August 9 in the Gulf Stream offshore of the Mid-Atlantic and New England states at latitude 40, longitude -60. It is suspected that HMS Epervier (1812) (as the renamed USS Epervier) foundered in the storm, on its return voyage from the Mediterranean with news of the United States Naval victory over the Dey of Algiers in the Second Barbary War.

Hurricane Two
A hurricane impacted Puerto Rico on August 30.

Hurricane Three
August 26-September 5. Cape Lookout, North Carolina was hit by a major hurricane on September 3. It moved northeastward across the state, reaching the Atlantic Ocean near Maryland. It weakened over land to a tropical storm, but still brought gusty winds to New England. It caused at least 4 deaths.

Hurricane Four
A hurricane struck Puerto Rico on September 15.

Hurricane Five
September 16–23. A major hurricane was located off the coast of Virginia moving northward. It hit Long Island, New York on September 23, causing damage and destruction throughout New England. At least 20 deaths occurred, though "The loss of life was so heavy that the newspapers did not have space enough to give all the details of the marine disasters."

Tropical Storm Six
A tropical storm was located off the coast of South Carolina on September 28, but did not make landfall.

Hurricane Seven
October 18–22. From October 17 until October 19 Jamaica was hit by a hurricane. It drifted over the island causing 100 deaths. It later moved on to the Turks and Caicos Islands on October 22.

Hurricane Eight
A minimal hurricane hit Saint Barthélemy on October 18. It turned northwestward, and moved up the Chesapeake Bay on October 24, delaying ships' arrivals.

1816 Atlantic hurricane season
Records from ship logs have determined both 1815 and 1816 were active hurricane seasons, with at least 12 tropical cyclones ascribed to 1816 alone. This is some evidence that a northward-displaced Intertropical Convergence Zone appears to be partially responsible for the increased tropical cyclone activity in 1816, which was the famed Year Without a Summer.

Hurricane One
June 5–8. A hurricane brushed the Florida Keys, causing the loss of five ships. It appears to have been lured northward by an unusual June snowstorm across New England.

Hurricane Two
Haiti, around Port-au-Prince, was struck by a hurricane on August 18.

Hurricane Three
Martinique, eastern Cuba, and South Carolina were lashed by a hurricane between September 3 and September 11.

Tropical Storm Four
A tropical storm affected Virginia on September 18 before moving northeast into New York. The tropical storm caused heavy flooding in the James River area.

Hurricane Five
There is record of a hurricane moving by Dominica and Barbados on September 15 before devastating Puerto Rico on September 18. The cyclone then recurved between the United States East coast and Bermuda by September 25.

Hurricane Six
On October 16–17, a severe gale was experienced in Dominica and Martinique. During the storm, an earthquake shook the region.

Hurricane One
A hurricane was first observed near Tobago on August 1 before continuing through the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico by August 6. It crossed over Florida, and when it reached the western Atlantic, it paralleled the coastlines of Georgia and South Carolina. It moved inland over southern North Carolina, and brought heavy rain to the Norfolk, Virginia area, delaying mail delivery and causing flooding through the mid-Atlantic as it moved northward into Pennsylvania by August 9. Its track appears similar to that of Hurricane Charley of August 2004.

Hurricane Two
Barbados and Saint Lucia were struck by a hurricane on October 21, causing 250 deaths as it moved through the Lesser Antilles. The hurricane subsequently moved into Nicaragua by October 26.

Hurricane One
A hurricane passed through the central Atlantic east of Bermuda to south and east of the Azores between August 26 and September 5. It reportedly silted at Hamilton Harbor on Bermuda. (from Beware the Hurricane)

Hurricane Two
A hurricane passed by the Cayman Islands in early September. It crossed the Yucatán Peninsula, and turned northwest when it reached the Bay of Campeche. The hurricane intensified to a Category 2–3 before hitting Galveston, Texas on September 12 and continuing onward to Mississippi. The hurricane was "quite severe", destroying all but six houses on Galveston Island.

Hurricane Three
A hurricane seriously affected Puerto Rico on September 22. It possibly recurved sharply offshore the Eastern Seaboard; the frigate Macedonian encountered a hurricane on 26/27 September east-northeast of Bermuda. The breeze freshened that afternoon as the ship lay near 35.6N 55.7W. By sunset, waves increased to 9 ft, and southeast gales lashed the system after midnight on the 27 September. Winds continued to increase into that afternoon, as seas increased to 18 ft. One man fell overboard by 5 pm and drowned. The hurricane reached its full violence by 10 pm, splitting the storm staysails and making the rigging useless. The main mast cracked under the strain by 2 am on the 28 September, and the mizzenmast followed suit by 4 am. Seawater poured into the ship from all sides, as the wooden hull twisted under the force of the 40 ft waves. The ship finally cleared the storm without capsizing by noon, and her crew again saw sunset on the evening of September 29.

Hurricane Four
A hurricane on October 12–14 affected Jamaica and the central Bahamas.

Hurricane Five
Between November 6 and November 13, another hurricane moved across the southwest Caribbean Sea into Jamaica and Cuba. A hurricane struck Jamaica on 18–20 November.

Hurricane One
The Bay St. Louis Hurricane of 1819 July 24–30. The exact origin of this hurricane is unknown, but it likely formed off the coast of Cuba before heading on a west-northwest track towards the Gulf Coast. A small hurricane, it reached an estimated Category 3–4 strength before making landfall on July 27 in southeastern Louisiana, bringing heavy winds and a 5–6 ft storm surge. The hurricane continued northeastward, making a second landfall in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi before dissipating inland. Known as one of the most destructive hurricanes to affect the United States during the first half of the 19th century, the Bay St. Louis Hurricane caused severe damage across Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi, leaving behind the remains of shattered buildings and uprooted trees. Several vessels (from small boats to 60-ton brigs) were driven ashore by the hurricane's storm surge. One of them was the capsizing of the U.S. warship USS Firebrand, drowning 39 sailors. Several U.S. soldiers were caught off guard by the hurricane and perished in its midst. There were also reports of people being attacked by alligators, snapping turtles, and snakes, which further added to the death toll. The hurricane caused over $100,000 (1819 US dollars) in damage, and killed between 43 and 175 people, some of them later found washed up across the Gulf Coast.

Hurricane Two
The San Mateo Hurricane of 1819 September 19–26. A hurricane San Mateo tracked through the northeast Lesser Antilles and southwest of Bermuda starting on September 19. During September 21 and 22, this hurricane hit the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, causing heavy damage and loss of life. In Saint Tomas about 101 ships were sunk. In Puerto Rico, the hurricane destroyed most of the houses in the towns and most of the crops in the fields.

Tropical Storm Three
September. A tropical storm hit between New Orleans and Apalachicola in September, with heavy rainfall well inland.

Hurricane Four
October 13–15. A hurricane passed through the Leeward Islands during October 13 to 15.

Hurricane Five
October 27–29. A hurricane is recorded to have struck Cuba on October 27 before moving onward to the Bahamas on October 28.

In the aftermath of the 1815 Great Gale, the concept of a hurricane as a "moving vortex" was presented by John Farrar, Hollis Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Harvard University in an 1819 paper. He was the first known to conclude that a hurricane "appears to have been a moving vortex and not the rushing forward of a great body of the atmosphere".

Books

 * David Longshore. "Bay St. Louis Hurricane." Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons and Cyclones. David Longshore. New York: Facts on File, 1998, p. 33–34.
 * Terry Tucker. Beware the Hurricane! The Story of the Gyratory Tropical Storms That Have Struck Bermuda.  Bermuda:  Hamilton Press, 1966, p. 77–87.

title: 1810s Atlantic hurricane seasons


text:
Mercy among the Children

Mercy among the Children is a novel by David Adams Richards, published by Doubleday Canada in 2000. Sarah Slean championed the novel to compete in Canada Reads in 2009.

Synopsis
Set in the rural Miramichi Valley of New Brunswick, the novel depicts the family of Sydney Henderson, a man who vowed in childhood never to express himself in anger or violence after accidentally pushing a playmate off the roof of a building. As a result of his vow, residents of the community exploit Henderson, framing him for a crime and tormenting his children. The novel closely explores the effect of this dynamic on one particular son, Lyle, who is drawn into violence as he attempts to defend his family. The characters are limited by many constraints such as class, poverty, lack of education, family background and reputation and the biases that come along with these factors.

Awards
The book was a co-winner of the Giller Prize in 2000, with Michael Ondaatje's novel Anil's Ghost. This was the only tie in the history of the award.

title: Mercy among the Children


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EV-1

EV-1 or ev1 or variation, may refer to:

Automobiles

 * General Motors EV1, an electric car introduced in 1996 and discontinued in 1999
 * Saab EV-1, developed by Saab in 1985 as a future design study
 * Kawei EV1, a Chinese electric SUV
 * Daihatsu EV1, a concept car for the 1973 Tokyo Motor Show

Other uses

 * EV1 The Atlantic Coast Route, a long-distance cycling route in Europe
 * EV1 Servers, an Internet hosting service
 * NOTS-EV-1 Pilot, the EV-1 model called Pilot from NOTS, a missile and launch vehicle rocket
 * Extra-vehicular (no.), a NASA designation for spacewalkers (EV-1 is one of four designations)

title: EV-1


text:
Communist Youth of Austria

The Communist Youth of Austria (Kommunistische Jugend Österreichs, abbr.: KJÖ) is an independent Marxist–Leninist youth organization.

History
The Communist Youth was founded in 1918 as the Youth Organization of the Communist Party of Austria. When Dollfuss came into Power in 1934, the Communist Youth became the most important antifascist youth movement in Austria. 250 Members of the Communist Youth joined the International Brigades.

After the Anschluss in 1938, conditions for the Communist Youth got worse again. Many members were arrested, executed or murdered in concentration camps. Nevertheless, the Communist Youth published handbills against war and nazism and some of its members joined guerilla groups and fought against the Nazi regime.

In 1945, the Free Austrian Youth (FÖJ) was founded by communists, socialists and Catholics to build up a free and democratic Austria.

In 1970, the FÖJ broke up because of ideological conflicts and the Communist Youth was re-established.

Today
Nowadays, the Communist Youth opposes war, neofascism, Austrian membership in the EU and cuts in social welfare.

Since 2004 the Communist Youth is an independent organisation.

On February 16, 2007, American celebrity Paris Hilton was in Vienna for an autograph session in a mall when she had to be rushed offstage because members of the Communist Youth began throwing tubes of lipstick and lit cigarettes at her. They also distributed fliers explaining the reason of the protest.

In 2008 the KJÖ dismissed the former addendum "Youth Left" in its name and was admitted to the Styrian youth advisory council.

In 2019, 2021 und 2022 the KJÖ in Graz organized the ErntePUNKfest (HarvestPUNKfest) together with the Punk Verein Austria.

title: Communist Youth of Austria


text:
Marius Stankevičius

Marius Stankevičius (born 15 July 1981) is a Lithuanian football manager and former player who works as head coach of the Lithuania U-21. A former defender, he was the Lithuanian player of the year in 2008 and 2009.

International career
Stankevičius has also played as a defender for the Lithuania national team. In the past, he represented Lithuania at under-21 level. He was captain of the Lithuanian side during the 2012–13 qualifying campaign due to Tomas Danilevičius's retirement, but has not made an appearance since the September 2013 loss to Latvia.

Due to playing in northern Italy, Stankevičius received a call-up for the Padania national team ahead of the 2018 ConIFA World Football Cup.

Coaching career
On 17 November 2018, Stankevičius was appointed as manager of Crema following the departure of Massimiliano Bressan, during a season, where he was supposed to function as a player. He left the club at the end of the season.

In January 2020 he was presented as the new U-17 coach of the Lithuania national football team and Valdas Urbonas's assistant for the senior team.

In July 2020 he was named new head coach of Italian Eccellenza amateurs Lumezzane, while still keeping his coaching position with the Lithuanian national teams. Following his appointment as new head coach of the Lithuania national under-21 football team, Stankevičius left Lumezzane in July 2021.

In October 2022, Stankevičius obtained a UEFA Pro coaching license after successfully passing the yearly course organized by the Italian Football Federation.

International

 * Scores and results list Lithuania's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Stankevičius goal.

Honours
Ekranas
 * Lithuanian Cup: 1998, 2000
 * Lithuanian Super Cup: 2000

Sampdoria
 * Coppa Italia runner-up: 2008–09

Sevilla
 * Copa del Rey: 2009–10

Lazio
 * Coppa Italia: 2012–13

Individual
 * Lithuanian Footballer of the Year: 2008, 2009

title: Marius Stankevičius


text:
Pedro Henriquez de Acevedo, Count of Fuentes

Pedro Henriquez d'Azevedo y Alvarez de Toledo, Count of Fuentes de Valdepero  (1525 in Zamora, Spain – 22 July 1610 in Milan, Italy) was a Spanish general and statesman.

Biography
Born at Zamora, he was a page at the court of Philip II of Spain, training in Naples in 1557, aged 32 with Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, (1507–1582), Governor of the Duchy of Milan, 1555–1556, Viceroy of Naples, 1556–1557, Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands, Viceroy of Portugal, 1582–1584,

He took part in the 1580 campaign in Portugal under the Duke of Alba and in 1582 was given supreme command over the Spanish troops. In 1589, as Captain General of Portugal, he successfully defended Lisbon against the attack by the English Armada, led by John Norreys and Francis Drake.

Sent in 1591 by the king to the Netherlands, he assisted after the death of Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, his successor Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort and later Ernst of Austria, after whose death he became intermittent stateholder of the Netherlands. He conquered Doullens and Cambrai during the Franco-Spanish War (1595–1598). His excessive severity persuaded Philip II to exchange him for Albert of Austria.

He was then made governor and Captain General of Milan, 1600–1610, dying in office aged 85, where he spread fear among the Italian nobility, especially the Venetians through his policies and use of the army. In 1599, he entered into a treaty with the Count of Savoy and assisted in the conspiracy of Biron. Under his rule a famous fortress, the Forte di Fuentes, where the river Adda meets Lake Como, still named after him and now ruined, was built to guard the border against the Grisons near Colico, LC.

He died in office at Milan. He was married, 1585, aged 60, to Juana de Acevedo y Fonseca, who had been awarded the title by king Philip II of Spain in 1572, being thus suo jure 1st Countess of Fuentes de Valdepero, and during that marriage, he was therefore jure uxoris 1st Count of Fuentes. As he and his wife died childless, the title passed to one of her relatives, Manuel de Acevedo y Zúñiga, 6th Count of Monterrey, Ourense, Spain, Grandee of Spain by king Philip IV of Spain on 11 July 1628, Viceroy of Naples, 1631–1637.


text:
Talk:Audrey Hollander

Birth year
Re: Her birthday year: According to her entry at mySpace, she's 26 now. Ronabop 01:57, 2 July 2006 (UTC) Article mentions nothing about her being a stripper/exotic dancer at Trixie's Gold Room in Louisville, KY. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.132.240.242 (talk) 05:47, 20 August 2010 (UTC)

Divorce
Information about Hollander's divorce was re-added with apparently because Hollander's ex-husband Bauer had requested that such information be added on his behalf per. I don't think there's essentially anything wrong with adding such information as long as it can be verified by reliable third-party sources, but the only source being provided comes from an interview with Hollender herself which means it's a primary source and might mean it is not acceptable per WP:BLPPRIMARY. Also, the source is from an "adult entertainment" website which includes numerous ads and other types of information of a mature nature. Clicking on the page causes adult-theme popup ads or other material which might to be considered NSFW and which might possibly contain malware or other malicious scripts. So, I'm not sure if using such a website is acceptable regardless. I am not advocating censorship, but I am just not sure if such a site is acceptable simply because of all of the extraneous of stuff happening on that website that is unrelated to the actual interview with Hollander.

Finally, the version of the article (see here) before the divorce information was added the first time with contains no mention of Hollander being married to Bauer at all. Even the current version of the article still makes no mention of Hollander and Bauer being married. Maybe this is something that should be added, but, as long as it isn't, there seems to be no need to add information about the ending of marriage that is not mentioned at all in the first place. I'm sure it's true that Hollander and Bauer were married and are now divorced; however, is that something that received significant coverage in reliable sources that can be verified and thus is worth mentioning in the article. On Wikipedia verifiability, not truth is what matters, and mentioning something simply because it is true, especially in biographies of living people, not considered to be a good enough rationale. - Marchjuly (talk) 01:45, 16 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Are marriages, and thus divorces, not generally part of a biography of a person? Don't sites such as those for the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal have ads?  If we're to remove that source because the ads on it are NSFW, should we also not then remove all references with NSFW images?  That would wipe out most of the sources for any article dealing with a pornographic subject.  Maybe a perusal of WP:NOTCENSORED would be good for you, for it includes this sentence: However, some articles may include images, text or links that are relevant to the topic but that some people find objectionable.  Emphasis mine.
 * In short, I don't get your arguments at all. Dismas |(talk) 01:57, 16 January 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm not advocating censorship at all. Maybe you were editing when I added that clarification. I was just expressing a concern about the popups and other pages that opened when I clicked on the link as possibly containing malicious scripts or malware. If you feel that is not an issue then that is fine with me. Also, I think it's perfectly fine to mention Hollander's divorce. I just seems strange to mention her divorce without mentioning her marriage. Also, I wasn't sure if the source given was acceptable per WP:BLPPRIMARY. I was just asking questions; I wasn't making any demands at all. - Marchjuly (talk) 02:04, 16 January 2015 (UTC)
 * I guess the lack of any question marks led me to believe that there weren't any questions.
 * That said, I don't see the problem with using a primary source for something like a divorce. It would be one thing if she were claiming a 180 IQ but it's nothing so extraordinary.  Dismas |(talk) 03:36, 16 January 2015 (UTC)
 * No worries. In my mind, I was asking questions, but in retrospect I can see how I came off as being preachy. Anyway, sorry if my OP was confusing. Good as well for the primary source. Personally, I think the divorce mention would make a little more sense if there was also a mention of Hollander and Bauer being married (perhaps in a separate section titled "Personal life"?) since the only mention of Bauer prior to that is as Hollander's business partner, but if it's not needed than that's fine with me. - Marchjuly (talk) 04:09, 16 January 2015 (UTC)
 * On second thought, the interview never says who she was married to. Just that she became divorced.  Therefore, I've removed Bauer's name.  Dismas |(talk) 04:39, 16 January 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Audrey Hollander


text:
User talk:DiskoMafiya03

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Thanks for experimenting with the page Category:Russian musical groups on Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --MJ( ☎ 19:44, 2 October 2005 (UTC).

title: User talk:DiskoMafiya03


text:
Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh (हिन्दू स्वयंसेवक संघ; abbr: HSS) is a non-profit, social, educational, and cultural organization of the Hindus living outside India. It was founded in 1940s in Kenya, it is currently active in 156 countries and estimates 3289 branches.

History
Two volunteer members of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (Swayamsevaks) that had settled in Kenya in the 1940s and started a shakha (branch). Since such shakhas were not on 'national' (rashtriya) soil, they were renamed as the branches of Bharatiya Swayamsevak Sangh, later Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh (HSS). RSS Pracharaks Bhaurao Deoras and others spent several years abroad to develop the organisation. During the Emergency RSS was banned in India and, consequently, sent its organisers abroad to seek support and carry out activism.

HSS in the United Kingdom was established in 1966, and shakhas were established in cities like Birmingham and Bradford.

In North America, the HSS gave the lead to the sister organisation Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP, World Hindu Council), which was founded in Canada in 1970 and in the United States in 1971. The HSS followed in its wake.

Australia
The HSS organisation in Australia, as elsewhere, says that its focus is on the country in which it is based and that it does not send money to India. It claims to be "ideologically inspired by the RSS vision of a progressive and dynamic Hindu society that can deal with its internal and external challenges, and contribute to the welfare of the whole world". Aside from providing links to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), they also have links with organisations such as the Vishwa Hindu Parishad and the Hindu Youth Network. The professed aim is to raise awareness in matters relating to Hindus but support no specific political party or candidate.

Kenya
HSS Kenya was started in Nairobi on 14 January 1947 by Jagadish Chandra Shastri and Maneklal Rughani. It was originally known as Bharatiya Swayamsevak Sangh. Since then it has spread throughout Kenya with Shakhas operational in Mombasa, Nakuru, Kisumu, Eldoret, and Meru. HSS in Kenya also runs a socio-cultural-religious organisation of Hindus by the name of Hindu Religious Service Centre (HRSC). It was started in Nairobi in 1947.

Liberia
HSS Liberia was started in Monrovia on 29 October 2017.

During the COVID-19 pandemic on July 28, 2021, the HSS Liberia and the Red Cross provided food aid to Liberian people for the country's independence day.

Nepal
The HSS was established in Nepal around 1992 by a group of Nepali students who were influenced by leaders of the Hindu nationalist RSS while studying in India. The two bodies share a similar Hindutva ideology. Their presence is particularly prevalent in the Terai region and they have regimented programs of education, dissemination of ideology and exercise as elsewhere in the world.

The Nepali HSS has been among several groups campaigning for a reversal of Nepal's 2006 decision to become a secular state after years of being ruled by a Hindu royal family. They say that the king had not favoured Hindus, that the decision was engineered by anti-Hindu groups, included communists and missionaries, and that in any event, it was unnecessary because there had been no persecution of religious minorities under the previous system. Among their demands has been that only Hindus should be appointed to high official posts.

United Kingdom
HSS in the United Kingdom was established in 1966. On 18 February 2015, the Charity Commission for England and Wales announced that it was opening an investigation into HSS and two other organisations that were featured in ITV's Exposure programme. The broadcast showed a teacher at a HSS summer camp telling children that "the number of good Muslims 'can be counted on one finger'" and that "to destroy Hindu history is the secret conspiracy of the Christians".

The Charity Commission conducted an inquiry into the allegations and published a report on 2 September 2016. The inquiry found that there was mismanagement by the trustees who had failed to comply with their duties under charity law (page 4). It accepted the trustees' testimony that the teacher was a 'volunteer' and did not find evidence that the views expressed the teacher were "endemic or systematic in the charity and its activities" (page 6). The Commission also found that there was no evidence of any formal links between the RSS and HSS (page 7).

United States
In the US, the HSS USA registered as a tax-exempt 501(c)(3) non-profit organization in 1989.

Presence elsewhere
The RSS announced in 2014 that there were plans to establish HSS chapters in countries such as Denmark, Germany, Finland, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Norway. It claimed that the two organizations worked closely together and shared a similar ideology but were not as one.

title: Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh


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Jerry Was a Race Car Driver

"Jerry Was a Race Car Driver" is a song by American rock band Primus. It was released as the first single from their second album, Sailing the Seas of Cheese and reached number 23 on the U.S. Alternative Songs chart. The song tells the stories of two characters, Jerry, an ill-fated race car driver who collides with a telephone pole while driving intoxicated (hence the use of "was", in the title) and Captain Pearce, a retired fireman.

History
"Jerry Was a Race Car Driver" was the fourth Primus single, after "John the Fisherman", "Too Many Puppies" and " Mr. Knowitall" from the 1989 live album Suck on This and 1990's debut studio release Frizzle Fry.

"Jerry Was a Race Car Driver" received heavy airplay on rock radio, and peaked at number 23 on the Modern Rock Tracks in 1991. The song features a sample of Bill Moseley's character Chop Top from the film The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2, chuckling to himself then remarking: "Dog will hunt!"

"Jerry Was a Race Car Driver" appeared in the first Tony Hawk's Pro Skater video game, as well as the first ATV Offroad Fury video game, and in The Bigs. The song is included in Rock Band 3.

Music video
The music video begins with Bob Cock getting an order of nachos at an arcade, only to drop them after a collision with Larry LaLonde on a skateboard once outside. The rest of the video cuts between scenes of the band playing an out-of-control gig in a small club (Phoenix Theater in Petaluma, California), closeup shots of the fallen nachos, and race car footage. Some of the early race car footage was filmed at the Petaluma Speedway, a few blocks away from the Phoenix Theater. At the end, the camera zooms in on the cheese, and there is a claymation segment which features many of the creatures on the cover of the Sailing the Seas of Cheese album, then zooms back out to the cheese, where a pit bull eats/sniffs it, closing the video. The band would return to claymation for the "My Name is Mud" and "Southbound Pachyderm" videos years later.

In the video, Les Claypool's Rainbow Bass can be seen without its upper horn – this is because the bass was not balanced well, which caused Les to send it back to Carl Thompson to get it rebuilt entirely with its signature scroll horn attached. The video was filmed before the remake of the bass. It became an MTV favorite at the time.

Reception
AllMusic writer Steve Huey thought that the song "established Primus as a freewheelingly unorthodox hard rock band with a memorable, utterly distinctive sound". He picked it as one of the highlights on the album.

Track listing

 * 1) "Jerry Was a Race Car Driver" – 3:11

title: Jerry Was a Race Car Driver


text:
User:Dwiki/GFDL

This is my sandbox for a "lay" GFDL explanation

title: User:Dwiki/GFDL


text:
User:Boa~enwiki

I am Boa

title: User:Boa~enwiki


text:
Quality Communications

Quality Communications was a British publishing company founded by Dez Skinn that operated from 1982 to c. 2008. The company's most notable publications were the monthly comics anthology Warrior, which featured early work by writer Alan Moore; and the comics trade magazine Comics International, which Skinn published and edited for 16 years. Quality was involved with comics in both the UK and the U.S., mainly with reprint material from Warrior and repackaging 2000 AD material for the U.S. market.

History
Quality was initially formed to publish Warrior, which featured the Alan Moore stories V for Vendetta and Marvelman. Warrior won 17 Eagle Awards during its short run (including nine Eagles in 1983 alone). Quality was also involved in the U.S. completion of Marvelman and V for Vendetta.

Quality's main period as a comics publisher was from 1982 to 1988. 2000 AD content repackaged for the U.S. market included the titles 2000 A.D. Presents, Spellbinders, and Scavengers. During this period, Quality also published 7 issues of Halls of Horror, a title Skinn had originated earlier with Thorpe & Porter (the British publishing division of Warner Communications).

In 1990, Quality shifted focus to magazines, launched the comics trade journal Comics International, which Skinn published and edited for the following 16 years. His "Sez Dez" column was a regular feature in issues #100–#200. With issue #200, in 2006, Skinn sold the magazine to Cosmic Publications. (Comics International struggled along for another couple of years before folding in 2010.)

Quality published a few sporadic titles in the 2000s, including Toy Max (2003), a one-off magazine for toy collectors, and Skinn's hardcover book Comix: The Underground Revolution (2004). In 2005, Quality published Ace Comics, an anthology of ten comic strips by City College Brighton & Hove students of Skinn's; it was distributed for free in East Sussex.

In 2008, Quality Communications published the 15th-anniversary issue (numbered #15) of Jack Kirby Quarterly.

Comics

 * 2000 A.D. Presents (20 issues, Aug. 1986–May 1988) — reprinting classic stories from 2000 AD (license acquired from Eagle Comics; later continued by Fleetway Publications)
 * Ace Comics (1 issue, July 2005)
 * Fighting Figurines (1 issue, 1996) — by Paul Honeyford and Dave Heaven, collecting the story originally anthologized in Revolver
 * Halls of Horror Dracula Comics Special (1 issue, Apr. 1984)
 * Marvelman Special (1 issue, 1984)
 * Scavengers (14 issues, Dec. 1987–Jan. 1989) — reprinting dinosaur-themed stories from 2000 AD
 * Spellbinders (12 issues, Dec. 1986–Dec. 1987) — reprinting stories with a magic/horror twist:
 * Sláine and Nemesis the Warlock from 2000 AD
 * Cursitor Doom/Amadeus Wolf from Smash!
 * "Library of Death" stories from Scream!
 * Steel Claw (4-issue limited series, Dec. 1986– Mar. 1987) — by Kenneth Bulmer, Garry Leach, and Jesús Blasco; colourized reprints of Steel Claw stories from the IPC Magazines title Valiant
 * Storm: The Deep World (1 issue, 1982) — by Saul Dunn and Don Lawrence; reprinting De diepe wereld (originally serialized in Eppo magazine, Oberon, 1977)
 * Warrior (26 issues, Mar. 1982–Feb. 1985)
 * Warrior Summer Special (1 issue, 1983)

Magazines

 * Comics International (200 issues, 1990–2006)
 * Halls of Horror (7 issues, 1982–1984) — acquired from G.B.D. Ltd./Top Sellers Ltd (imprints of Thorpe & Porter) (Warner Communications) with issue #24; previously known as House of Hammer, Hammer's House of Horror, and Hammer's Halls of Horror
 * Jack Kirby Quarterly #15 (1 issue, 2008) — 15th-anniversary issue
 * Toy Max (1 issue, June 2003) — edited by pop culture expert Tim Pilcher

Books

 * Comix: The Underground Revolution (2004) — by Dez Skinn

title: Quality Communications


text:
Template talk:ChiefJudge

Note that the two rule changes I added mention of had different effects. All chief judges under the 1959 rule continued in office after the 1982 date until age 70 or they decided to step down, while the 1959 rule immediately removed the sitting chief judges of seven circuits. (Sitting judges of two-judge District Courts were exempted but all chief judges of larger District Courts were also affected). Prior to its taking effect, one Ninth Circuit judge and two Sixth Circuit judges who would have been bypassed for Chief Judge got six-month terms when seniors stepped aside. The 1982 rule with its maximum age and maximum term is intended to regularize transitions, for example in 1981 Carl McGowan was Chief Judge for the five months between J. Skelly Wright's 70th birthday and his own. Now he would be skipped for a judge who would serve at least five years. Death and resignation/retirement can still affect terms and succession, however!--Louis E./le@put.com/12.144.5.2 19:46, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Template talk:ChiefJudge