text:
R v Stillman

R v Stillman [1997] 1 SCR 607, was a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on section 24(2) of the Constitution of Canada which allowed for the exclusion of evidence that is obtained in a manner that infringes the Charter. The two-step Stillman test was developed for determining whether the admission of evidence that was obtained through a breach of a Charter right would affect the fairness of the trial. The issue of trial fairness comes into play when applying the first step of the Collins test to exclude evidence under section 24(2).

The case would later be replaced by the Supreme Court of Canada's decision in R v Grant.

Background
In 1991, a young New Brunswick girl was found raped and murdered. A 17-year-old suspect, William Stillman, was arrested for the murder. Stillman's lawyer told the police that he did not consent to the taking of any bodily samples. Nevertheless, the police took an impression of his teeth, a hair sample, and saliva sample. As well, they took a paper tissue used by Stillman who had thrown it into the garbage while in custody.

In a six-to-three decision, with Major J writing a concurring opinion, the Court held that all the evidence collected was beyond the powers to search incident to arrest and that it was all "conscriptive" evidence and thus was in violation of section 8.

Reasons of the court
The majority's reasons were given by Cory J.

The case turned on whether the inclusion of evidence affected trial fairness. Cory re-examined the purpose of the trial fairness step of the Collins test, stating that:
 * [its] primary purpose ... is to prevent an accused person whose Charter rights have been infringed from being forced or conscripted to provide evidence in the form of statements or bodily samples for the benefit of the state. It is because the accused is compelled ... to participate in the creation or discover of self-incriminating evidence ... that the admission of that evidence would generally tend to render the trial unfair.

Cory proposed a two-step approach to determine the effect of the admission of evidence on trial fairness.
 * 1) Can the evidence be classified as "conscriptive"? Namely, was the accused compelled to participate in the creation or discovery of the evidence?
 * 2) If so, was the evidence "discoverable"? Namely, would the evidence have been discovered by an alternate non-conscriptive means?

If the evidence was shown to be conscriptive and would not have been discovered by a non-conscriptive means then the evidence must be excluded for trial fairness, and none of the other factors of the Collins test need to be examined.

On the first step, the question is whether "the accused was compelled to make a statement or provide a bodily substance in violation of the Charter." The evidence must not have existed in a usable form prior to the taking of evidence. A murder weapon found at the scene would be non-conscriptive but a piece of clothing worn by the suspect would be conscriptive. Conscriptive evidence also includes "derivative evidence", which is evidence that was only discovered through other conscripted evidence. Physical evidence found as a result of a conscriptive statement is an example of derivative evidence.

On the second step, the courts allow conscriptive evidence if it can be shown to be "discoverable".
 * the admission of conscriptive evidence will not render the trial unfair where the impugned evidence would have been discovered in the absence of the unlawful conscription of the accused. There are two principal bases upon which it could be demonstrated that the evidence would have been discovered. The first is where an independent source of the evidence exists. The second is where the discovery of the evidence was inevitable.

Dissent
McLachlin, L'Heureux-Dubé and Gonthier JJ each gave their own dissenting opinions.

McLachlin first noted that the taking of bodily samples is a matter of section 8 of the Charter rather than section 7. The protection of section 7 against self-incrimination only extends to testimonial and derivative evidence but not physical evidence. To extend the section farther would go beyond the intended limits in both Canada and other comparable justice systems around the world.

McLachlin agreed with the majority that the taking of hair samples, buccal swabs, and dental impressions were serious violations under section 8. However, the collection of the tissue was not, as the tissue had been abandoned and it was not derivative evidence. Though the samples were created as a result of detention, the bodily state that they represent was not created by detention and exist outside of the detention.

Section 24(2), McLachlin stated, requires balancing of all the circumstances of the case with the effect of admitting the evidence on the reputation of the system. The three set of factors in R v Collins are only convenient groupings of these circumstances that may be useful. So long as the effect of the admission of evidence on the system is balanced against the effect of the exclusion then the analysis is complete.

McLachlin rejected Cory's ruling that all evidence which affects trial fairness must be excluded. Such a rule is against the spirit of section 24(2) which intends to balance the alternate effects upon the repute of the system. It also mistakenly equates non-consensual participation with trial fairness. Lastly, it suggests that any amount of trial unfairness automatically outweighs any other possible factors that may come into play.

On the facts, McLachlin held that the lower courts properly weighed the factors and that they were correct in admitting the evidence.

Subsequent Decisions
In 2009, the Supreme Court of Canada found that the analysis of conscripted versus non-conscripted evidence was leading to inconsistent results in analyzing section 24(2), and created a new test in R v Grant

title: R v Stillman


text:
Talk:Atlanta History Center

To do: Editing
Any pictures, at all, would be very useful (and maps)

What can I improveRandalyRandaly

 * more pictures of the Center and its exhibits, preferably loaded up in Wikipedia Commons with no copyright restrictions. Also, the article needs to be sourced from secondary sources (i.e. not the Atlanta History Center website).  The article should read like a encyclpedia entry rather than an advertisement for the center. Basically, it would ve nice to get this article to "good article" status as outlined in What is a good article?. That's my $.02.--Roswell native 23:43, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

 * ThanksRandaly 21:44, 22 February 2007 (UTC)Randaly

 * One more thing, don't foget to sign your posts, you can type --Roswell native 04:18, 22 February 2007 (UTC) and it will add it automatically, or use the

button icon above on the edit menu, just to the right of the button with the cicled and crossed out W to insert your sit. Probably worht creating an account if you will edit a lot. I'll levae a welcome message with instructions on your home page for your IP.--Roswell native 04:18, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Hmmmm... I do have an acount, but I seem to log in and out at random. I was logged in before I posted those (I think). It must be a server glitch.Randaly 21:44, 22 February 2007 (UTC)Randaly

Criticisms
The criticisms section is completely subjective opinion and not backed up by fact at all. IMO not really meeting verifiability criterion. I just cleaned up some grammar but this article really needs a more substantial rewrite. 06:14, 17 January 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Museumfreak (talk • contribs)

 * I agree and think the "Criticisms", "Visiting Information" and "Accessibility" sections all should be removed per What Wikipedia is not - this is an encyclopedia not a travel guide. Any objections? --Roswell native (talk) 14:40, 17 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Removed the three sections I mentioned above as no one has stated any objections over the last week. --Roswell native (talk) 00:25, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

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Atlanta's Zero Mile Post has New Home
The Zero Mile Post has a new home at Atlanta History Center as described at Historic landmark, Zero Mile Post, relocated to Atlanta History Center Rjluna2 (talk) 13:27, 6 November 2018 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Atlanta History Center


text: User talk:83.92.129.89

title: User talk:83.92.129.89


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User talk:Citizen D

/Archive 1

title: User talk:Citizen D


text:
Talk:Liverpool Blitz

(First comments)
This page mentions that there were 4,000 deaths during the Liverpool Blitz, while the Liverpool page mentions 2,500. Which would be the correct number? Sobolak 20:11, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

The Liverpool Blitz includes the urban conurbation of Merseyside as a whole. Rather than simply the City of Liverpool. So the correct figure would be 4000. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.234.248.31 (talk) 05:39, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

Merseyside
Why does someone keep deleting the Merseyside reference? You might as well delete any reference to 'Dickie Sam's' and 'Scousers' in reference to Liverpudlians. Eh? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.234.248.31 (talk) 16:37, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I have just removed Merseyside from the article today as it did not exist during WW2. Merseyside was created in the 1970s, during WW2 Liverpool was part of Lancashire.--EnigmaMcmxc (talk) 14:40, 10 May 2009 (UTC)
 * You might as well argue "Merseyside" doesn't exist today - the metropolitan council was abolished in 1986. Furthermore, "Merseyside", as a geographical term, most certainly did exist during WW2. It was in fact a commonplace description. Numerous pre-1974 books, including Churchill's "The Second World War" (1948) refer to Merseyside freely. In 1945 a government study entitled "Merseyside plan, 1944" was published by "Merseyside Advisory Joint Planning Committee, Great Britain. Ministry of Housing and Local Government, H. M. Stationery Office" What exactly are you trying to prove by the deletion of the category? RodCrosby (talk) 16:17, 10 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I haven’t deleted any categories from this article or from the wiki. What i have done is remove an erroneous detail from the article. To call the area Merseyside and link to the present-day county is anachronistic; Liverpool at the time was situated in Lancashire not “Merseyside”. The removal of the metropolitan council holds no relevance as the county exists to this day following the creation of it in the 1970s. I am a born and raised scouser and i have no problem with this, there is no need to be pedantic about this issue.--EnigmaMcmxc (talk) 16:30, 10 May 2009 (UTC)

Not forgetting the booklet 'bombers over merseyside' published by the Echo and the Daily Post in 1943 and republished in 1983 by Scousepress. It would seem it is you who is being "pedantic" over this issue. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.234.248.190 (talk) 13:29, 29 October 2011 (UTC)

Inconsistency with the 'Hull Blitz' article
Both the Hull and Liverpool blitz articles claim that their area was the most heavily bombed outside of London. I'm not regular poster but surely somekind of ammendment should be made. It would seem Hull is the more likely candidate as it is also termed to be the most heavily bombed city outside London on the main 'The Blitz' article. JBenton. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.253.157.159 (talk) 14:12, 29 November 2009 (UTC)
 * By some measures Liverpool was even more heavily bombed than London, although London endured it for longer. Liverpool was also the site of the Durning Road Technical School disaster, which Churchill called "the worst single incident of the war." There are pretty convincing statistics in a book called "Port in a Storm" (1993) by John Hughes. RodCrosby (talk) 03:58, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

The two seem to be claimed interchangeably, I've noticed many times especially with the 70th anniversary retrospectives on TV (though it could always be lazy journos using Wikipedia as a primary source ;). But it's not like it's a competition and there's room for both descriptions - Hull was an easier target on the East coast with big visible docks at the meeting of two rivers and consequently had the cr*p bombed out of it. 95% of housing stock damaged, just imagine living through that. The Liverpool Blitz is usually used to refer to attacks on the greater Merseyside area, especially including Birkenhead, rather than 'just' the city itself. James (talk) 08:19, 8 September 2010 (UTC)
 * You have also to keep in mind that the WestCoast ports where strategically import than the East coast because of the Battle of the Atlantic and Troop movements.--Kitchen Knife (talk) 12:21, 8 September 2010 (UTC)

Broken Link
The Liverpool museum link regards the May Blitz and Blitz appears to be broken, the suffix should be 'aspx' not 'asp'. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.47.140.234 (talk) 20:12, 28 July 2013 (UTC)

Scope of the blitz debate
In regards to this edit, can you please point out the source which supports the statement that Birkenhead, Bootle and Seacombe were also the most heavily bombed areas? I've actually visited Liverpool (and the excellent Maritime Museum which is being used as a source here BTW), and it's my understanding that the locals don't regard Birkenhead, Bootle and Seacombe as being part of the city proper. This is supported by this part of the website which states that Bootle is " a small town outside the city boundaries" and reports the casualty figures for each locality separately. That source supports a statement that Merseyside was the worst-hit area outside London, but it appears to define this as being Liverpool, Bootle, Birkenhead, and Wallasey, unless I'm missing something. Nick-D (talk) 09:08, 13 January 2014 (UTC)
 * I do not recall adding the website to the article (although I could be mistaken). I have noted, with time, the list of towns in the lede had grown. Thus, I checked the source material (this page of the website), which states "Liverpool was the most heavily bombed British city outside London. The city was a prime target for attack because, with Birkenhead, its 'twin' across the Mersey, it was the country's biggest west coast port. Every week, ships arrived in the River Mersey bringing supplies of food and other cargoes from the USA and Canada. Without these supplies, Britain would have lost the war."
 * Given the lack of mention of the surrounding towns (which are not part of the city) it seemed prudent to revert back to the source material until other sources come to light.EnigmaMcmxc (talk) 09:23, 13 January 2014 (UTC)
 * The source appears to support both "Liverpool" and "Merseyside" then (both of which may be accurate then depending on how you analyse the statistics and geography). Are there other sources which can be consulted? It's certainly my understanding that this region was very heavily bombed. Nick-D (talk) 09:38, 13 January 2014 (UTC)
 * The website, imo, clearly supports the opening sentence: "Liverpool and its surrounding area".
 * After doing a quick search, I was only able to find the below sources that provide info on where and what was bombed. They, essentially repeat the current sources info. While they don't appear perfect, they at least support the various anon edits that added in Bootle to the lede. Although there is no mention of Seacombe (which would fall under Wallasey, or at least the Wirral).EnigmaMcmxc (talk) 10:16, 13 January 2014 (UTC)
 * The confusion probably stems from Liverpool and Merseyside being synonymous to people outside the area, and the names sometimes being used interchangeably. And yes, Liverpool, Bootle, Birkenhead and Wallasey were separate local authorities at the time (though Seacombe is part of Wallasey), but the docks being targetted were on both sides of the river. It’d be invidious to suggest Liverpool alone was damaged in the raids.
 * I've added a bit from "The Cruel Sea" about it; not exactly encyclopaedic, but Monsarrat knew what he was talking about, and he was a local lad, so... Xyl 54 (talk) 23:37, 18 January 2014 (UTC)

Additional Sources

 * Liverpool: the first 1,000 years states "... made Liverpool the prime target outside London ... the May Blitz was the most savage and sustained attack of the war so far ..75,000 were made homeless .... In Bootle, 80% of houses were hit or set on fire ..."
 * Jambusters: The Story of the Women's Institute in the Second World War: "Liverpool, Bootle and the Wirral were the most heavily bombed areas outside of London ..."
 * North-West Aircraft Wrecks: "Liverpool was probably the most heavily-bombed British City and together with the surrounding towns of Bootle, Wallasey and Birkenhead"
 * The Cruel Sea: Nicholas Monsarrat
 * “What’s got it worst?” said Philips. The AB gestured vaguely. “All over I reckon--Bootle, Birkenhead, Wallasey. And down in the town, too: there isn’t any Lord Street left--they got the lot, both sides. Worst bombing of the war, the papers said.... there was an ammunition ship just alongside here, blazing all over, but they towed her out into the middle of the river before she blew up”. He gestured again, more vividly. “Best dose of salts I’ve ever had... “ (Part 3: 1941, Grappling/ch 5 p188)

Hull vs Liverpool debate in edit-revert cycle.
Acknowledging that Hull was heavily bombed during the Blitz and, per the edit summaries, suffered 85 raids resulting in 95 percent of housing being damaged, and half the population made homeless per Rev. P. Greystone, The Blitz on Hull, Lampada, 1991 and Geraghty, T., A North East Town, Pye Books, 1989.

Several sources (after a brief search) highlight that Liverpool was the most heavily bombed city, outside of London:

 * The Official history on the subject: Basil Collier, Official History of the Second World War: The defence of the United Kingdom (HMSO 1957). Collier states: "Outside London, Liverpool (with Birkenhead) was probably the biggest sufferer, especially if earlier raids in August are brought into the reckoning; but Birmingham, with eight big raids, was close behind, while Coventry and Plymouth were probably as heavily attacked in proportion to their size as any British city. And any list of claimants to the melancholy honour of having suffered most in the night offensive must mention also Glasgow, Bristol, Portsmouth, Southampton, Hull and Belfast. Manchester, with only three big raids, may be thought to have come off lightly in view of its great size and importance. Sheffield, Newcastle, Nottingham and Cardiff complete the tally of cities considered worthy by the enemy of major raids", p. 281
 * Bryan Perrett's Liverpool: A City at War: City was the most bombed outside of London
 * During the actual Blitz, per 'The Night Blitz' John Ray, ISBN 0-304-35676-X, page 264 and quoted on the main Blitz page, during the 1940-41 Blitz, Liverpool received 8 major raids with 1,957 tons of bombs dropped compared to the three raids on hull dropping 593 tons.
 * Considering Liverpool was the largest port on the west coast, the following sources notes that six nights of raids reduced the port capacity by half: Lynne Olson's Citizens of London: How Britain was Rescued in Its Darkest, Finest Hour
 * Jim Baggott's The First War of Physics: The Secret History of the Atom Bomb states there was over 300 raids during 1940.
 * Admitting a somewhat weak source for the topic: Christopher Sandford's McCartney: 12,000 homes destroyed, 40,000 seriously damaged, and 27,000 people evacuated

Other than providing a list of details on damage caused to Hull, does the source claim Hull was the most heavily bombed city outside of London?EnigmaMcmxc (talk) 04:52, 25 May 2014 (UTC)

 * This issue has cropped up on the main Blitz page, and has been raised on the talk page. G-13114 (talk) 13:07, 25 May 2014 (UTC)
 * From casual glancing around the net (news articles, books, websites, and forums), the Hull Blitz page, and the main blitz page it seems pretty clear. The dubious honours of being the most bombed (more raids, more bombers, more payload dropped) city (outside of London) goes to Liverpool, but the most severely damaged city (outside of London) goes to Hull. With minor exceptions, it seems the vast majority of sources agree on this point. Perhaps a note to this effect on both pages, thus satisfying the endless debate?
 * If the bomb census survey was online, I would imagine the issue would be put to bed very quickly. Anyone near Kew? :P EnigmaMcmxc (talk) 13:22, 25 May 2014 (UTC)
 * I hate to see edit-warring over this matter. A lot of people and stuff got blown up in various places. On the one hand, there sure are a lot of good refs there giving Liverpool pride of place I guess. On the other hand, what is meant by "most heavily bombed"? Most total bomb tonnage? Most bombs? Most economic damage? Most casualties? Most days with one or more bombs? Or any of these, proportional to area or population or total property value? Or something else? As a practical matter, "One of the..." is an acceptable construction when the matter's debatable, and it'd doesn't preclude that the entity might be atop the group. ("U.S. Grant was one of the most important Union Civil War generals" is certainly true, as is "U.S. Grant was the most important Union Civil War general"; you'd use one or the other depending on context and whether you were contending with a partisan of General Halleck and didn't want to argue about it; and so on.) So I'd recommend that "one of the" is best and let's move on. Herostratus (talk) 00:02, 26 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Liverpool was more intensely bombed even than London during 1940-1. "Various quibbles are possible, but the answer is clear and unambiguous - London was a safer place than Merseyside in which to spend the years 1940-41." Port in a Storm by John Hughes (1993), p 160. RodCrosby (talk) 09:10, 26 May 2014 (UTC)

Suffering of Liverpool
An editor added this, which doesn't belong in the main body and is unsourced original research. I'm moving it here rather than just erasing it because it seems like it might be true and if it is true it might be worth somebody's effort (not me!) to source and recast as usable material. Herostratus (talk) 16:54, 19 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, the desire to mask the damage to Liverpool from Germany has also served to mask the sacrifice the city made from the people of the United Kingdom itself. Whenever German bombing attacks on the United Kingdom are discussed, while London and Coventry, and even Bristol, are frequently mentioned, Liverpool's suffering is virtually forgotten. Few people realise that Liverpool had a higher per-capita death rate than London during the sustained German attacks, a fact that seems to have entirely escaped both historians and modern commentators. Liverpool deserves better than this.

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May Blitz section
In the final para of this section there is (apparently) a quote from The Times referring to bombing between 31 March and 13 April. Not only is the citation missing, but nowhere in the rest of the article is bombing in this period referred to. The Imperial War Museum makes no mention of air raids in March and April either. — Preceding unsigned comment added by PointOfPresence (talk • contribs) 14.52, 6 November 2021 (UTC)
 * When this was added in October 2012 (with this edit) it gave the date as 5 May 1941; this was changed, for no obvious reason, with this edit in April 2018. So I have restored the original text, which is how it appears in that days Times. I trust resolves the problem. Xyl 54 (talk) 21:34, 14 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Liverpool Blitz


text:
The Entombment of Christ (Caravaggio)

Caravaggio created one of his most admired altarpieces, The Entombment of Christ, in 1603–1604 for the second chapel on the right in Santa Maria in Vallicella (the Chiesa Nuova), a church built for the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri. A copy of the painting is now in the chapel, and the original is in the Vatican Pinacoteca. The painting has been copied by artists as diverse as Rubens, Fragonard, Géricault and Cézanne.

History
On 11 July 1575, Pope Gregory XIII (1572-1585) issued a bull confirming the formation of a new society called the Oratory and granting it the church of Santa Maria in Vallicella. Two months after the bull, the rebuilding of the church commenced. Envisaged in the planned reconstruction of the Chiesa Nuova (new church), as it became known, was the dedication of all the altars to the mysteries of the Virgin. Starting in the left transept and continuing around the five chapels on either side of the nave to the right transept, the altars are dedicated to the Presentation of the Temple, the Annunciation, the Visitation, the Nativity, the Adoration of the Shepherds, the Circumcision, the Crucifixion, the Pietà, the Resurrection, the Ascension, the Descent of the Holy Ghost, the Assumption and the Coronation.

The Entombment was probably planned and begun in 1602/3. The chapel in which the Entombment was to be hung, was dedicated to the Pietà, and was founded by Pietro Vittrice, a friend of Pope Gregory XIII and close follower of Filippo Neri. The Capella della Pietà occupied a 'privileged' position in the Chiesa Nuova: Mass could be celebrated from it and it was granted special indulgences.

The chapel, placed in the right nave of the Chiesa Nuova, was conceded to Vittrice in June 1577, and the foundation of the chapel ratified in September 1580. Some time after his death in March 1600, a legacy of 1,000 scudi became available for the maintenance of the chapel, and it was built in 1602, which is then held to be the earliest date for the commission of Caravaggio's painting. Indeed, on 1 September 1604, it is described as 'new' in a document recording that it had been paid for by Girolamo Vittrice, Pietro's nephew and heir.

Girolamo Vittrice had a direct connection with Caravaggio: in August 1586 he married Orinzia di Lucio Orsi, the sister of Caravaggio's friend Prospero Orsi and the niece of the humanist Aurelio Orsi. Aurelio, in turn, was a one-time mentor to the young Maffeo Barberini, who became Pope Urban VIII in 1623. It is through these connections that Girolamo's son, Alessandro, became bishop of Alatri in 1632, and was able to bestow the gift of Caravaggio's Fortune Teller (now in the Louvre) on Pope Innocent X Pamphilij after being appointed governor of Rome in 1647.

The painting was universally admired and written about by such critics as Giulio Mancini, Giovanni Baglione (1642), Gian Pietro Bellori (1672)  and Francesco Scanelli (1657).

The painting was taken to Paris in 1797 for the Musée Napoléon, returned to Rome and installed in the Vatican in 1816.

Composition
This counter-reformation painting – with a diagonal cascade of mourners and cadaver-bearers descending to the limp, dead Christ and the bare stone – is not a moment of transfiguration, but of mourning. As the viewer's eye descends from the gloom there is, too, a descent from the hysteria of Mary of Clopas through subdued emotion to death as the final emotional silencing. Unlike the gory post-crucifixion Jesus in morbid Spanish displays, Italian Christs die generally bloodlessly, and slump in a geometrically challenging display. As if emphasizing the dead Christ's inability to feel pain, a hand enters the wound at his side. His body is one of a muscled, veined, thick-limbed laborer rather than the usual, bony-thin depiction.

Two men carry the body. John the Evangelist, identified only by his youthful appearance and red cloak supports the dead Christ on his right knee and with his right arm, inadvertently opening the wound. Nicodemus (with the face of Michelangelo) grasps the knees in his arms, with his feet planted at the edge of the slab. Caravaggio balances the stable, dignified position of the body and the unstable exertions of the bearers. While faces are important in painting generally, in Caravaggio it is important always to note where the arms are pointing. Skyward in The Conversion of Saint Paul on the Road to Damascus, towards Levi in The Calling of Saint Matthew. Here, the dead God's fallen arm and immaculate shroud touch stone; the grieving Mary of Cleophas gesticulates to Heaven. In some ways, that was the message of Christ: God come to earth, and mankind reconciled with the heavens. As usual, even with his works of highest devotion, Caravaggio never fails to ground himself. In the center is Mary Magdalene, drying her tears with a white handkerchief, face shadowed. Tradition held that the Virgin Mary be depicted as eternally young, but here Caravaggio paints the Virgin as an old woman. The figure of the Virgin Mary is also partially obscured behind John; we see her in the robes of a nun and her arms are held out to her side, imitating the line of the stone they stand upon. Her right hand hovers above his head as if she is reaching out to touch him. Seen together, the three women constitute different, complementary expressions of suffering.

The left figure imitates the costume from Caravaggio's Penitent Magdalene (Doria Pamphilj Gallery, Rome); the right figure reminds us of his Mary in Conversion of the Magdalene (Detroit Institute of Art). Andrew Graham-Dixon asserts that these figures were modelled by Fillide Melandroni, a frequent model in his works and about 22 years old at the time. Caravaggio's composition also seems to be related to Michelangelo's Pietà at St. Peters (especially in the figure of the Madonna), and his Florentine Pietà (Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Florence), from which he takes the figure of Nicodemus. In the latter case, Caravaggio transports Michelangelo's self-portrait to his own painting.

Although Caravaggio's Entombment of Christ is related to Michelangelo's Pieta, it is not a Pieta because even if there is the presence of the Virgin Mary in the painting there are not the right number nor types of people present.

Caravaggio also sets up a comparison with Raphael by using as a source for the main group, that of Raphael's Borghese Deposition. This comparison contrasts High Renaissance idealism with Caravaggio's own naturalism.

Caravaggio's Entombment of Christ is not a Burial because the body of Christ is not being lowered on to a tomb but instead being laid on a stone slab.

Interpretations
Caravaggio's painting is a visual counterpart to the Mass, with the priest raising the newly consecrated host with the Entombment as a backdrop. The privileged placement of the altar would have meant that this was a daily occurrence; the act perfectly juxtaposing the body in the picture with the host as the priest intones "This is my very body." Jacopo Pontormo's Deposition (ca. 1525–1528) in Florence performs a similar function, similarly displayed over an altar. Such pictures are presentations of the Corpus Domini rather than enactments of the deposition of entombment of Christ. Starting in the 17th-century, Caravaggio's picture has been considered a scene of active burial. This interpretation was based on heroic formula derived from antique sources, that of Adonis or Meleager: head thrown back and one arm hanging limply by the side. Indeed, Raphael's Borghese Deposition is an example of this formula. The placing of Christ's body on a flat stone also had precedents in painting, notably Rogier van der Weyden's Lamentation in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence.

On closer inspection, Caravaggio painting does not fit this formula, since these ancient types are transportation scenes, whereas his, as in Van der Weyden's case, is decidedly not. Instead the composition assumes the traditional pyramidal shape of a traditional Pietà type. Given the interpretation of the picture as a Pietà type, the flat stone (previously interpreted as a lid or door to a tomb) can be reinterpreted as a reference to the Stone of Unction, today enshrined in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem. This stone was used to place Christ's body when it was anointed and wound in linen clothes, as related in the Gospel of John.

Seldom noticed by modern viewers is Caravaggio's insertion of the plant in the lower left of the Entombment. Commonly called mullein, Verbascum thapsus was thought to have medicinal properties and was said to ward off evil spirits. It was associated with the iconography of Saint John the Baptist. Caravaggio also uses it in his Saint John the Baptist and Rest on the Flight into Egypt.

In popular culture
The painting featured on the cover art for the 2023 album, And Then You Pray For Me, by American rapper Westside Gunn. The cover was designed by the fashion designer Virgil Abloh and features a cropped version of the painting with chains photoshopped on Nicodemus’s neck.

title: The Entombment of Christ (Caravaggio)


text:
Widdershins (band)

 * This page is not about the Widdershins Ceilidh Band .

Widdershins were an Australian indie pop band, active from 1987 to 1989. After The Lighthouse Keepers disbanded in early 1986, Greg Appel and Juliet Ward went on to form the Rainlovers which became Widdershins in 1987 with the addition of James Cruickshank, Peter Timmerman and Barry Turnbull (ex-John Kennedy's Love Gone Wrong).

Three years of sporadic playing around Australia to a small devoted following and four releases on vinyl earned them the respect of critics throughout the country.

Widdershins called it a day after a final performance on 30 March 1990 at Sydney University. James Cruickshank joined The Cruel Sea, while Greg Appel and his brother Steve gigged occasionally with Ward, Timmerman and others in a loose-knit outfit called Hammerhead, before forming the semi-regular group One Head Jet ca. 1992, playing in Sydney, Canberra, Melbourne and other towns until about 1997. The fluid lineup included Timmerman, Greg's youngest brother David (vocals, trumpet, percussion) and on occasion, in the latter stages of the band, guitarist Brendan Gallagher of Karma County. After the demise of One Head Jet, Steve Appel formed King Curly.

Personnel

 * Juliet Ward - vocals
 * Greg Appel - guitar and vocals
 * James Cruickshank - guitar and keyboards
 * Barry Turnbull - bass
 * Peter Timmerman - drums

Discography

 * Now You Know / Dishwashing Liquid single (1987)
 * Bottleman's Wife EP (1988)
 * Ascension LP (1989)
 * Return of the King / Bugle Call single (1989)
 * Good Songs retrospective CD (Egg Records 2006)
 * Now You Know / Changeling / A Place in Time download single (Egg Records 2006)

title: Widdershins (band)


text:
Talk:Manchester Blitz

Fair use rationale for Image:Back Piccadilly c.1939.JPG
Image:Back Piccadilly c.1939.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

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title: Talk:Manchester Blitz


text:
Talk:Birmingham Blitz

Image
Are there any images of the destruction of Birmingham? They would be greatly needed and appreciated on this article. - Erebus555 18:48, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

Some maps showing the listed bombing targets would bring this article along, as would some more specifics of individual bombing raids on the city. According to this there were 27 raids on the city, the first on 25/26th August 1940. Linking to articles about the target sites where they are present is also needed. -- Medains 08:17, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

Targets ww2
Ive added Chance Brothers, they manufactured radar and some glass components of planes... Mr John F Cheetham, was a manager there at the time. I cant find reference to him on the net but he was in the "who's who" around that period, unsure of the year but family has a copy. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.5.228.118 (talk) 00:15, 27 November 2012 (UTC)

Black Country
The Black Country, Birmingham's close neighbour and directly joined up to it as part of the West Midlands conurbation, was also substantially bombed during the war although not anywhere near as severely as Birmingham. Should the information on the Black Country's bomb damage (surely significant enough to warrant a mention on wikipedia, as one night of air raids in West Bromwich alone resulted in no less than 52 deaths) be included on the Birmingham page or a new page? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.105.209.123 (talk) 19:54, 4 June 2013 (UTC)

Removed "On 16 March 1944, a German bomber crashed in a street near the town centre, resulting in one death and several houses being severely damaged." as this plane was not German, but an RAF plane that crashed after being hit with FLAK. . I know this specifically because my grandfather was on the plane.174.112.157.94 (talk) 14:12, 9 October 2020 (UTC)

BSA
Surely it was Browning Guns which were made at BSA's factory at Armoury Road, Birmingham. The rifles were made at the BSA factory in Blossomfield Road Shirley, a mile or so south of the City boundary. My mother worked there for 21 years from 1941. I was born in Armoury Road. My father, W J Gardiner, was one of the team which set up production of the Browning Gun and was head of the Material Order Department from 1937. He was manager of the Redditch works where the Besa Gun was made at the time of his death in 1941. I experienced all 77 raids as I refused evacuation, saying to my fellow pupils at King Edward's Grammar School, Camp Hill, that I 'wanted to stay and see the fun.' The school was put out of action for a few months after damage in the big November raids. 109.154.143.189 (talk) 12:13, 16 March 2015 (UTC)G W Gardiner

I believe so: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company#Second_World_War (although that is slightly ambiguous as to exactly where they were made, and I can't find any external source. A side point; you and I attended the same school, just 60-70 years apart and in completely different parts of the city!

dpchalmers (talk) 20:39, 22 October 2015 (UTC)

Brierley Hill (section Black Country)
''* There was one civilian fatality in Brierley Hill. On 11 January 1941, struck the town's railway goods station, seriously injuring a worker who died more than a year later, having never recovered from his injuries.''

Two points. First, there are at least two words missing as to what exactly struck the station - I nearly presumed to insert "a bomb" but I then realised I might be guessing incorrectly - was it one bomb, or several, were they HE, landmine or incendiary? I leave it to those with access to Birmingham area based information to complete the sentence. Also, note the Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists five civilian war deaths in Brierley Hill Urban District (of which this man was one), arising from separate incidents of enemy action.Cloptonson (talk) 20:02, 12 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Birmingham Blitz


text: Talk:Battle of Kashii

title: Talk:Battle of Kashii


text:
Local elections in Fiji

Local elections in Fiji are held for two cities (Suva and Lautoka) and ten towns (Ba, Labasa, Lami, Levuka, Nadi, Nausori, Nasinu, Savusavu, Sigatoka, and Tavua). Each city or town has a council comprising between 8 and 20 members, elected for three-year terms, although the government announced legislation on 15 February 2006 to extend the term to four years. Each city or town council elects from among its own members a Mayor (or Lord Mayor in the case of Suva) for one year. Consecutive terms are permitted.

Electoral politics
Electoral politics in municipal elections has certain characteristics that set it apart from national politics. Political parties often do regard municipal polls as a trial run for national elections; in the 1985 election for the Suva City Council, for example, the newly formed Fiji Labour Party (FLP) showed that it was on the rise by winning 8 of the 20 seats. It went on to win the parliamentary election in 1987. Local issues also come into play, however:
 * At the national level, the National Federation Party (NFP) was left unrepresented in the House of Representatives after the disastrous results of the 1999 and 2001 elections, but remained strong at the municipal level. In 2006, the NFP retained power in Ba and Nadi, shared power in a coalition with the Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua (SDL) in Sigatoka, and was the second largest party in the Suva City Council.
 * In 2003, Suva's 5 councillors from the FLP teamed up with the 7 councillors from the Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua (SDL) - its arch-rival in national politics - to elect the SDL candidate, Ratu Peni Volavola, to the office of Lord Mayor.
 * In the city of Lautoka, a purely local political party, the Sugar City Ratepayers Alliance, contested the 2005 election (but failed to win any seats). A number of other parties operating only at the municipal level contested other town councils, winning control of councils in Labasa, Lami, Levuka, Nausori, Savusavu, and Tavua. Some have been unsuccessful.

Post-2006 developments
The regime that took power in a military coup on 5 December 2006 later dismissed all elected municipal bodies, appointing Special Administrators to run the cities and towns. In some cases, a single Administrator was responsible for more than one town. As of 2015, elected municipal government has not been restored.

title: Local elections in Fiji


text: User talk:69.219.178.122

title: User talk:69.219.178.122


text:
Talk:Treaty of Mungi-Shevgaon

Maratha
The Marathas were clearly not an mast Empire, they deny being a Confederacy...therefore they should just be called Marathas````182.182.56.188 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 08:38, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

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removed for POV; see WP:POV.
The Palkhed campaign of 1728, is notable for two reasons. First, this campaign has been chosen as brilliant in strategy ("A masterpiece of strategic mobility...") by Field Marshal Montgomery in his book, A History of Warfare. Whether this was a completely pre-planned strategy, or clever improvization in response to circumstances, is not known. Secondly, the success of this campaign established the Maratha supremacy in the Deccan – and gave way for further adventures.

Please See WP:POV.

Battle of Palkhed?
There was no battle between the Nizam and the Peshwa at Palkhed in 1728. The Nizam's camp got surrounded by the Peshwa's army and Nizam signed a treaty named 'Mungi-Shevgaon'. The title is misleading and the infobox is irrelevant. Ajayraj890 (talk) 08:21, 29 September 2023 (UTC)

 * @Deb, Could you please assess the reliability of this article? The title, 'Battle of Palkhed,' is misleading because there was no actual battle at Palkhed in 1728 between the Nizam and the Peshwa; it was, in fact, a peace treaty. The article's title, infobox templates, and questionable sources all contribute to this misleading information. Ajayraj890 (talk) 13:56, 30 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I'd be happy to move or delete this article but I would need to understand better what actually happened. If I moved it into your user space, would you be prepared to re-word it to make it more accurate? Deb (talk) 14:14, 30 September 2023 (UTC)
 * @DebFirst, let me explain what actually happened during the Battle of Palkhed. Contrary to its name, it wasn't a battle at all. In fact, there was no battle at Palkhed. In short, the Nizam's army became surrounded by the Peshwa's army, and both sides eventually signed a treaty. However, this page has disseminated misleading information suggesting that Baji Rao defeated the Nizam. Many people have used this as a reference, and this misinformation has spread widely. Even authors have cited this article as a source in their books without verifying its reliability. To clarify, one should consult older and more dependable sources for accurate information on the topic. It would be better if you moved the article to the title 'The Treaty of Mungi-Shevgaon,' though the context would be limited. Alternatively, I could include information about this event in the articles of Nizam, Baji Rao, and Sambhaji II, allowing you to eventually delete this article. It's already quite late, as many people are using it as a reference. However, this article should be relocated from the mainspace because its title is inherently misleading.
 * Ajayraj890 (talk) 14:59, 30 September 2023 (UTC)
 * @DebDeb, you can move this into draftspace by changing the name to 'The treaty of Mungi-Shevgaon'. Else you can delete this because the context will be very less. I prefer the first option. Ajayraj890 (talk) 14:02, 1 October 2023 (UTC)
 * @DebDeb, you can move this into draftspace by changing the name to 'The treaty of Mungi-Shevgaon'. Else you can delete this because the context will be very less. I prefer the first option. Ajayraj890 (talk) 14:02, 1 October 2023 (UTC)

You can keep this treaty page but don't interfere with the Battle of Palkhed Article.
Because otherwise I'll have to restore it back again and again. Plus it would be best we do not redirect any of these 2 articles and keep it separated. Thewikiuser1999 (talk) 01:38, 9 October 2023 (UTC)

 * There was no battle at Palkhed. It is irrelevant to use that title. Ajayraj890 (talk) 03:26, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * There was a battle which is why Nizam was forced to submit and pay taxes, BajiRao Peshwa cornered him strategically, don't mess with these articles or redirect from now. Let them stay separate if that's how you understand. Thewikiuser1999 (talk) 03:58, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * The treaty and campaigns have a seperate article. There is no need to create an article called 'Battle of Palkhed', where it claims Nizam was defeated in a battle. Ajayraj890 (talk) 04:08, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * All is included in that Battle page don't worry. You can enjoy this new treaty page of yours. Thewikiuser1999 (talk) 04:37, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Btw Henry George Briggs was a British Merchent and Traveler not a known Historian, his sources are far from valid let alone contemporary because he happened in very late age. Thewikiuser1999 (talk) 16:03, 11 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Sorry, we can't use that according to WP:RAJ. Ajayraj890 (talk) 17:04, 11 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes which is why I removed his sources which you added according to WP:RAJ Thewikiuser1999 (talk) 18:13, 11 October 2023 (UTC)
 * It was present in the older version of that article. Thanks for removing that. Ajayraj890 (talk) 18:18, 11 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Treaty of Mungi-Shevgaon


text:
Talk:Battle of Big Sandy Creek

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Veronica TV

Veronica is a Dutch free-to-cable commercial television channel currently a part of Talpa TV (Talpa Network). The channel was launched as TV10 Gold on 1 May 1995, then became TV10, Fox, Fox 8 and V8, before becoming Veronica on 20 September 2003. The channel is dedicated to young adults (13-35 demographic) and the male audience.

Veronica is time-sharing with Disney XD: Disney XD broadcasts on daytime and Veronica on night time, the practice began when Saban International bought TV10 in January 1997, and launched a Fox Kids slot on the channel.

It is not to be confused with the Veronica Association (Vereniging Veronica).

TV10 Gold and TV10 (1995-1998)
In 1995, Dutch media company Arcade launched two television channels in the Netherlands: The Music Factory, a competing music channel for MTV, and TV10 Gold which launched on 1 May 1995. TV10 Gold's programming focused on reruns of classic TV series such as Dynasty, Fantasy Island, James Herriot, Hill Street Blues, Are You Being Served?, The Monkees, The Onedin Line, Sanford and Son, Bergerac and Colditz.

In 1996, TV10 Gold became part of the second largest Dutch media corporation Wegener Arcade. On 1 January 1996, Arcade merged with publishing company Wegener. In the first quarter of 1996, TV10 Gold changed into just TV10 to modernize its image. British sitcoms such as 'Allo 'Allo! and You Rang, M'Lord? remained part of the programming, along with the American TV series M*A*S*H.

In January 1997, Saban International bought TV10 and partnered with Holland Media Groep. Fox/Saban's Fox Kids was introduced in the Netherlands, time-sharing with TV10. Within the year, the partnership ended and Holland Media Groep's shares of TV10 were bought by Fox.

Fox and Fox 8 (1998-2001)
On 19 December 1998, TV10 was rebranded into Fox. Rupert Murdoch's Fox International Channels wanted to expand in Europe and through its cooperation with Saban it could make its first try-outs in the Netherlands with TV10. Popular TV series such as Sex and the City, Dawson's Creek, Malcolm in the Middle and Charmed premiered on the channel. Fox became Fox 8 in September 1999, but it rebranded back to Fox in September 2000. However, Fox could not get rid of TV10's image as an old-fashioned rerun channel.

In 2001, SBS Broadcasting B.V., then the Dutch branch of the SBS Broadcasting Group, bought the channel from the News Corporation.

21st Century Fox (the legal successor of the original News Corporation) later launched the second incarnation of Fox on 19 August 2013 through Eredivisie Media & Marketing CV, in which Fox Networks Group Benelux has a 51% share.

V8 (2001-2003)
SBS, having bought the channel from News Corporation, renamed it into V8 on 1 May 2001 in anticipation of Veronica. Earlier in 2000 Veronica Association announced that it would leave the Holland Media Groep and wanted to start a channel of its own. SBS and Veronica could not get an agreement and it would take more than two years before both parties closed a deal.

V8 was focused to young adults. The channel mainly broadcast action series, action films and erotic programmes late at night.

Veronica (2003-present)
Eventually, Veronica Association closed a deal with SBS, and V8 was rebranded as Veronica on 20 September 2003.

The German ProSiebenSat.1 Media took over SBS Broadcasting Group (including its Dutch activities) on 27 June 2007. In 2011, all of SBS's activities in the Netherlands (through SBS Broadcasting B.V.), including the three TV stations (SBS6, Net5 and Veronica), the two TV guides (Veronica Magazine and Totaal TV), production, design and text activities were sold to a joint venture between Sanoma Media Netherlands (67%) and Talpa Media Holding (33%).

On 10 April 2017 Talpa Holding acquired a 67% stake from Sanoma Media Netherlands.

Disney XD
The daytime slot for children broadcast on Veronica began as Fox Kids when Saban bought TV10. The slot since rebranded to Jetix and then to Disney XD.

Programming

 * $h*! My Dad Says
 * 10-8: Officers on Duty
 * 2 Broke Girls
 * 2 Nuts and a Richard!
 * 3rd Rock from the Sun
 * 60 Days In
 * ALF
 * According to Jim
 * Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
 * Airport 24/7: Miami
 * Airwolf
 * Alan Sugar: The Apprentice
 * Alias
 * American Ninja Warrior
 * American Housewife
 * Archer
 * American Dad!
 * Axe Cop
 * American Pickers
 * Angel
 * Anger Management
 * Animal Airport
 * Are You Hot?
 * Arrow
 * Baby Daddy
 * Barter Kings
 * Battlestar Galactica
 * Baywatch
 * Baywatch Nights
 * Better with You
 * Beverly Hills, 90210
 * Big Brother
 * Blade
 * Blindspot
 * Bob's Burgers
 * Booze Britain
 * Border Patrol
 * Border Security
 * Border Security: America's Front Line
 * Border Security: Canada's Front Line
 * Brainiac: Science Abuse
 * Buffy the Vampire Slayer
 * Campus PD
 * Chase
 * Chicago Med
 * City Homicide
 * Crash Canyon
 * Criminal Minds
 * Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders
 * Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior
 * Dark Blue
 * Day Break
 * Dynasty
 * Eureka
 * Everybody Hates Chris
 * Family Ties
 * Family Guy
 * Fastlane
 * FBI
 * Fear Factor
 * FlashForward
 * Flashpoint
 * Frasier
 * FreakyLinks
 * Friends
 * Fugget About It
 * Full House
 * Futurama
 * Gary Unmarried
 * George Lopez
 * Gotham
 * Grandfathered
 * Growing Pains
 * Happy Days
 * Hardcore Pawn
 * Hawaii Five-0
 * Hercules: The Legendary Journeys
 * Home Improvement
 * Human Target
 * I Am Weasel
 * Invasion
 * It Only Hurts When I Laugh
 * iZombie
 * JAG
 * Jericho
 * Joey
 * Kevin Can Wait
 * Killer Instinct
 * King of the Hill
 * Knuckleheads
 * Las Vegas
 * Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
 * Lethal Weapon
 * Lizard Lick Towing
 * Life's a Zoo
 * Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman
 * Lost
 * MacGyver (1985 TV series)
 * MacGyver (2016 TV series)
 * Magnum, P.I.
 * Malcolm in the Middle
 * Man with a Plan
 * Married... with Children
 * Medical Investigation
 * Melrose Place
 * Men Behaving Badly
 * Merlin
 * Miami Vice
 * Mike & Molly
 * Miss Match
 * Mom
 * Moonlighting
 * Moral Orel
 * My Wife and Kids
 * NCIS
 * NCIS: Los Angeles
 * Nikita
 * Nikki
 * Nip/Tuck
 * Numbers
 * Off Centre
 * Pawn Stars
 * Person of Interest
 * Poker After Dark
 * Profiler
 * Pussycat Dolls Present: Girlicious
 * Pussycat Dolls Present: The Search for the Next Doll
 * Retired at 35
 * Revolution
 * Richard Hammond's Crash Course
 * Rick and Morty
 * Rick and Steve
 * Ricki Lake
 * RoboCop: The Series
 * Robot Chicken
 * Rome
 * Roswell
 * Rules of Engagement
 * Saved by the Bell
 * Scare Tactics
 * Scorpion
 * Scrubs
 * Seinfeld
 * Sliders
 * Smallville
 * Solar Opposites
 * South Park
 * Spin City
 * Stalker
 * Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
 * Star Trek: Enterprise
 * Star Trek: The Next Generation
 * Star Trek: The Original Series
 * Star Trek: Voyager
 * Stargate Atlantis
 * Stargate SG-1
 * Starsky and Hutch
 * Step by Step
 * Still Standing
 * Storage Wars
 * Storage Wars: New York
 * Storage Wars: Texas
 * Supernatural
 * Surface
 * S.W.A.T.
 * Sweet Valley High
 * Temptation Island
 * Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles
 * That '70s Show
 * The Angry Beavers
 * The Big Bang Theory
 * The Border
 * The Buried Life
 * The Carbonaro Effect
 * The Dating Guy
 * The Drew Carey Show
 * The Dukes of Hazzard
 * The Embassy
 * The Evidence
 * The Exes
 * The Following
 * The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
 * The Inbetweeners
 * The Invisible Man
 * The Jamie Kennedy Experiment
 * The Kill Point
 * The King of Queens
 * The Last Ship
 * The Librarians
 * The Millers
 * The Muppets
 * The O.C.
 * The Ren & Stimpy Show
 * The Sentinel
 * The Shield
 * The Simpsons
 * The X-Files
 * Threat Matrix
 * Threshold
 * Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!
 * Titus
 * Top Gear
 * Top Gear Australia
 * Tour of Duty
 * Traveler
 * Trouble in Paradise
 * True Justice
 * Two Guys and a Girl
 * Two and a Half Men
 * Undateable
 * Underbelly
 * Undercover Boss
 * Unhappily Ever After
 * Wanted
 * Will & Grace
 * Xena: Warrior Princess

Sports programming

 * The Ocean Race
 * UEFA Champions League
 * UEFA Europa League

title: Veronica TV


text:
Compound squeeze

A compound squeeze is a type of play in the game of contract bridge. In this squeeze one opponent is squeezed such that some form of other squeeze emerges involving either or both players. Usually this term is used to reference a pentagonal squeeze. In this form of squeeze both players guard two suits, and one player guards a third suit. On the play of a card the player guarding three suits must give up one of the shared guards (so as not to provide immediate winners). Now each opponent singly guards one suit, and there is a third suit that is jointly guarded. This means that a double squeeze matrix exists. Note that there are pseudo compound squeezes, where the triply squeezed opponent can select the 'correct' shared suit, such that the entry situation precludes the proper functioning of the double squeeze.

Other variations of compound squeezes:
 * hexagonal squeeze: where one opponent is triply squeezed, and the resulting matrix is that of a pentagonal squeeze. Both opponents are squeezed in the same three suits.
 * saturated squeeze: similar to the hexagonal squeeze, but all four suits are involved, with each opponent singly holding length guards in 2 suits, and then the 2 other suits are shared.

Example
South plays in 6, East having doubled the bid of 5. West leads the 10. Despite the potential defensive ruff, the declarer must duck the lead to East's queen in order to rectify the count. East returns a trump (a red card would reduce the situation to other sorts of squeeze ending). The declarer has 7 spade tricks, a heart, a club, and two diamonds. The twelfth trick can be obtained by compound squeeze: assuming only East guards clubs, he will have to ultimately unguard one of red suits on the first squeeze card; that suit will serve as the "common suit" for the latter double squeeze. The declarer draws trumps, cashing the A in the process for a Vienna coup. When declarer leads the sixth trump (5), the position as on the right diagram is reached.

West discards a heart, dummy a club, but East now has a problem, as he must discard one of red suits:
 * If he discards a diamond, declarer can now cash K and A. On the last spade, a classic double-squeeze position occurs, where both players cannot guard hearts.
 * If he discards a heart, declarer can now cash A and A. Again, a double-squeeze is executed, as both players cannot guard diamonds.

The motive is similar to the one in guard squeeze – East is squeezed in three suits and forced to abandon the help to his partner in one of them.

title: Compound squeeze


text:
Sukhoi-Gulfstream S-21

Sukhoi-Gulfstream S-21 was a projected Russian-American supersonic business jet.

In the early 1990s, Gulfstream Aerospace and the Sukhoi Design Bureau began a joint effort to develop a supersonic small business jet, code named the S-21. Due to questionable market demand for commercial supersonic air travel, commitment to the project weakened and delays mounted.

Gulfstream eventually dissolved the partnership, although Sukhoi continued work on the S-21.

The S-21 would be capable of sustained cruise at Mach 2+ and much research and development has gone into the management of the troublesome transonic effects phenomena associated with near Mach 1 air speeds.

As of 2012, the project had not received any funding for the 2013-2025 development period and appeared to be cancelled.

title: Sukhoi-Gulfstream S-21


text: User talk:86.7.15.101

title: User talk:86.7.15.101


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/GoogleTech

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. H e rmione1980 00:21, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

GoogleTech
Dicdef, and not a very notable one at that. Peruvianllama 00:21, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * This is a common problem that I have just coined a phrase for. We experience this in the computer industry daily - there just has been no operating word for it. This is a new phenomenon where google and other resources can give just enough info that a researcher who isn't versed in that industry can fall prey to a person who sounds authorative, but who really isn't. (preceding unsigned comment by )
 * Delete I would like to point the author to Wikipedia is not for original research. If the word does not yet exist in common usage, we are not the place to start.  Once the word is widely used, it can be added here. --best, kevin  · · · Kzollman | Talk · · · 01:08, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. If this term has just been coined, it is a Neologism and not yet eligible for an article see Avoid neologisms. If the term becomes a common usage, we can consider the issue again. Capitalistroadster 01:11, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I agree that it's a problem, and not just in the computer industry, but Wikipedia isn't the place for phrases that you have just coined. Doctor Whom 02:39, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. As others pointed out already, Wikipedia is not for neologisms. -- Antaeus Feldspar 02:53, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as neologism. This belongs on a site like Urban Dictionary . Not here. - Sensor 03:24, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete OR --Rogerd 05:27, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 12.215.250.101, if you want to write about the phenomenon, then the place to do so is your own web site, or a journal such as Communications of the ACM. Wikipedia is an encyclopaedia of existing, accepted, knowledge.  It is not a shortcut around the process of getting new ideas, new concepts, and new research published, peer reviewed, and accepted into the corpus of human knowledge, especially those for which you are coining a new word to name them at the same time.  Original research. Delete. Uncle G 15:43, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Tobyk777 15:45, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Capitalistroadster Pur e blade | Word 16:50, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete improper use of trademark, neologism Fsdfs 23:44, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:83.92.129.191

title: User talk:83.92.129.191


text:
Talk:Peculiar, Missouri

Origin of towns name
I've found a reliable source, Paris, Tightwad and Peculiar: Missouri Plce Names by Margot Ford McMillen (a Westminster College professor and noted Mo. folklorist) that provides an alternate version of how Peculiar's name came to be. I'm going to include it for now unless someone can come up with a valid counter-argument or debunk McMillen's book. Sector001 (talk) 15:56, 23 September 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Peculiar, Missouri


text:
Nightrain

"Nightrain" (pronounced "Night Train") is a song by American rock band Guns N' Roses. The song is a tribute to an infamous brand of cheap Californian fortified wine, Night Train Express, which was extremely popular with the band during their early days because of its low price and high alcohol content. The title is spelled differently, omitting a T and removing the space, making a portmanteau of the two words.

"Nightrain" is the third song on the band's debut studio album, Appetite for Destruction (1987), and was released as the album's fifth and final single, reaching number 93 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. The song was ranked eighth on Guitar World's list of the "Top 10 Drinking Songs". The track was not included on Guns N' Roses' 2004 Greatest Hits album.

Composition
Slash describes "Nightrain" as "an anthem that we came up with on the spot". The original idea for the song came when Slash and Izzy Stradlin wrote the main riff while they were sitting on the floor of the band's practice room. The next day, Slash was ill so Stradlin finished writing the music with Duff McKagan. However they did not write any lyrics. The song remained incomplete until one night when the band was walking down Palm Avenue sharing a bottle of Night Train. Someone yelled 'I'm on the night train!' and the whole band joined in, with Axl Rose improvising the lines in between: "Bottoms up!" "Fill my cup!" etc. After this initial inspiration, the band finished the song within a day.

The first half of the first guitar solo and the lead intro is played by Izzy Stradlin, while all other lead guitar parts are played by Slash.

Reception
"Nightrain" is widely regarded as one of the band's best songs. In 2017, Paste ranked the song number three on their list of the 15 greatest Guns N' Roses songs, and in 2020, Kerrang ranked the song number five on their list of the 20 greatest Guns N' Roses songs.

Live
"Nightrain" is a staple at Guns N' Roses concerts. In earlier shows, it was usually played early in the set. During the Chinese Democracy Tour, it is usually played as the last song before the encore, or during the encore. In some shows in late 2006, Izzy Stradlin, former rhythm guitarist and co-founder of Guns N' Roses, joined the band for "Nightrain" and other songs.

Slash describes in his autobiography how "Nightrain" is his favorite song to perform live: "That song has a rhythm to it in the verses that from the start always made me go crazy. The first time we played it, even, I started jumping up and down - I couldn't help it. When we had our huge stage later on, I'd run the length of it, jump off the amplifiers, and lose it just about every single time we played it. I'm not sure why, but no other song we've ever played live made me move like that."

Personnel

 * W. Axl Rose – lead vocals
 * Slash – lead guitar, rhythm guitar
 * Izzy Stradlin – rhythm guitar, lead guitar (first guitar solo only), backing vocals
 * Duff "Rose" McKagan – bass, backing vocals
 * Steven Adler – drums, cowbell

title: Nightrain


text: User talk:129.96.142.10

title: User talk:129.96.142.10


text:
List of museums in Belgrade

Art museums

 * Museum of Illusions (Nušićeva 11)
 * National Museum of Serbia (Trg republike 1a)
 * Museum of African Art (Andre Nikolića 14)
 * Museum of Applied Arts (Vuka Karadžica 18)
 * Museum of Contemporary Art (Ušće bb)
 * Legacy of Milica Zorić and Rodoljub Čolaković (Rodoljuba Čolakovića 2), part of Museum of Contemporary Art
 * Belgrade City Museum (Resavska 40b)
 * Museum of Paja Jovanović, (Kralja Milana 21/VI), part of Belgrade City Museum
 * Zepter Museum (Knez Mihailova 42) [www.zeptermuseum.rs]
 * Gallery of Frescos, (Cara Uroša 20), part of National Museum of Serbia

Cultural and historical museums

 * Historical Museum of Serbia (Trg Nikole Pašića 11) [imus.org.rs/en/home]
 * Museum of Yugoslav History (Mihaila Mike Jankovica 6), with 3 buildings: House of Flowers (Tito's tomb), Old museum (Tito's gifts and documents about Yugoslavian history) and Museum 25 May (temporary exhibitions)
 * Historical Museum of Genocide dedicated to the Serbian people (Trg Nikole Pašića 11)
 * Jewish Historical Museum (Kralja Petra I 71/1)
 * Konak Kneginje Ljubice (Kneza Sime Markovića 3), part of Belgrade City Museum
 * Konak Kneza Miloša (Rakovički put 2), part of Historical Museum of Serbia
 * Military Museum (Kalemegdan)
 * Museum of Belgrade Fortress (Kalemegdan)
 * Museum of Ethnography (Studentski trg 13)
 * Museum of Vuk and Dositej, (Gospodar Jevremova 21), part of National Museum of Serbia
 * Museum of Pedagogy (Uzun Mirkova 14)
 * Museum of Serbian Orthodox Church
 * Museum of the "Banjica" Concentration Camp (Veljka Lukića Kurjaka 3)
 * Museum of Theatrical Arts (Gospodar Jevremova 19)
 * Museum of Yugoslav Film Archive (Kosovska 11)
 * Zemun Home Museum (Glavna 9)
 * House of Jevrem Grujic (Svetogorska 17)
 * Museum of Roma culture of Belgrade (Husinske rudara 31, Karaburma)

Memorial museums and commemorative collections

 * Manak's House (Gavrila Principa 5)
 * Memorial Gallery of Petar Dobrović (Kralja Petra I 36/IV)
 * Memorial Museum of Ivo Andrić (Andrićev venac 8/I), part of Belgrade City Museum
 * Memorial Museum of Jovan Cvijić (Jelene Ćetković 5), part of Belgrade City Museum
 * Memorial Museum of Nadežda and Rastko Petrović (Ljube Stojanovića 25), part of Belgrade City Museum
 * Museum of Archibald Reiss (Bulevar vojvode Mišića 73)
 * Museum of FK "Crvena Zvezda" (Ljutice Bogdana 1a)
 * Museum of Physical Education (Blagoja Parovića 156)
 * Museum of Toma Rosandić (Vasilija Gaceše 3)

Technical and natural-history museums

 * Museum of Automobiles (Majke Jevrosime 30)
 * Museum of Aviation, near Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport, has a collection consisting of 130 planes including the only remaining Fiat G.50 Freccia.
 * Museum of Natural History (Njegoševa 51; Mali Kalemegdan 1)
 * Museum of Science and Technology (Ðure Jakšica 9)
 * Nikola Tesla Museum (Krunska 51)
 * PTT Museum (Palmoticeva 2)
 * Railway Museum (Nemanjina 6)

title: List of museums in Belgrade


text: Wikipedia:Copyright problems/2005 October 13


text:
User:Devo

Hey, you have now ended up on Thorstein Johannessen's page here on wikipedia.

In true wiki spirit comes a description of Thorstein Johannessen here:
 * Born: 30 November 1985
 * Height: 176 cm
 * Hair color: Medium Blonde
 * Eye color: Brown

And elsewhere: My homepage, devo.no

title: User:Devo