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Goodnight Nurse

Goodnight Nurse was a New Zealand pop punk band formed in Auckland in 2001. The group originally began as a trio, but later changed to a four-piece prior to the release of their second album. It consisted of lead vocalist Joel Little, guitarist and back up vocalist Sam McCarthy, bassist Rowan Crowe, with drummer and back up vocalist Jaden Parkes.

The band has released two studio albums, Always and Never (2006) and Keep Me On Your Side (2008). Both peaked at number five on the New Zealand Top 40 Album chart. The albums combined have spawned nine singles to date, with Goodnight Nurse having a top 40 single in New Zealand every year since 2004, the most recent being 2009's "Lay With Me".

Formation and early activity
Goodnight Nurse formed in 2001 after bass player Paul Taite responded to a flyer Joel Little and Jaden Parkes put on the stairs at Shadows, the Auckland University bar. Goodnight Nurse met and practiced for the first time on 25 June 2001 in Parkes' garage. At the time of their formation, Taite had only been playing bass for 3 months.

Paul Taite left the band in 2007. Goodnight Nurse later became a four-piece, with the additions of Rowan Crowe and Sam McCarthy.

They played their first concert at Papa Jacks / Voodoo Lounge in Auckland in early 2002. They were chosen for the Boost Mobile NZ Schools Tour in 2004, during which they played at 120 venues nationwide over a period of five months, the single largest tour done by one band in New Zealand history. Other bands that have participated in the Boost Mobile NZ Schools Tour include Steriogram (2002), Wash (2003), My Life Story (2005), Falter (2006) and Streetwise Scarlet (2007). Goodnight Nurse have since toured New Zealand many times with bands such as Steriogram, Elemeno P and 48May, and Australian act The Living End. In 2006 they toured the east coast of Australia for three months on the Rock the Schools tour, and have played several other shows there since. Goodnight Nurse also played main stage at the Big Day Out 07.

Always and Never (2006)
Goodnight Nurse's debut album, Always and Never was certified gold by RIANZ a single week after it was released. It debuted to place number five on the RIANZ New Zealand Album Charts. The album spent 6 weeks in the Top 40 (30 January - 27 February). Always and Never produced seven singles including: "Loner", "Going Away", "Taking Over", "Our Song", "Death Goes to Disco", "All for You", and "My Only".

Goodnight Nurse also recorded a rock cover of Kelis' hit song "Milkshake", which appeared on the CD single for "Our Song" and as a bonus track on the Australian release of Always and Never. Goodnight Nurse's song "My Only" was also used on the NHL 07 soundtrack.

Following the release of their debut album, Goodnight Nurse hit the road. On 5 March 2007 Goodnight Nurse opened for Fall Out Boy on their New Zealand show. They also supported Story of the Year and HIM. In April 2007 they were the headline act on the MTV Mile High Gig, playing on an airplane flying at 35,000 feet over the Tasman Sea.

Keep Me on Your Side (2008)
On 24 September 2007, vocalist Joel Little announced that "the album is all recorded". Goodnight Nurse departed for "Melbourne on Monday (13 August 2007)" to record the album. He also said that they are "busy finishing mixing and getting the artwork together". Keep Me on Your Side was released on 7 April 2008. The first single "The Night" was released on iTunes in Australia and New Zealand on 4 February 2008, with a music video for the song being posted up on YouTube on 26 February. The album debuted at number five on the RIANZ album charts. The track "This Is It" was used in 2008 in television adverts for the Push Play initiative.

In support of the album, Goodnight Nurse scored a support show with American band OneRepublic, following Maroon 5 cancelling the New Zealand leg of their tour. OneRepublic became the headlining act and needed a supporting band. Goodnight Nurse provided the support for the OneRepublic performance in Auckland. Goodnight Nurse completed their first headlining tour in New Zealand in June 2008, the "I Need This Tour". They then went to Australia and supported The Getaway Plan on their "Where the City Meets the Sea" Australian tour in July 2008. They will be supporting Anberlin in August 2009 for one show only.

Jaden has also started a side project called "Like You Crazy", and Sam fronts the band Kids of 88. They formed the two side projects because there were several songs that did not make it onto the Keep Me on Your Side album which they liked.

Reunion
The band reunited to open for the My Chemical Romance concert at Western Springs, Auckland, in March 2023.

Genre
Lead singer Joel Little has described the band as "a pop rock band that's been influenced by punk." Goodnight Nurse is frequently called New Zealand's answer to American pop-punk bands such as Green Day and Blink-182.

Band members

 * Joel Little - Lead vocals, guitar
 * Jaden Parkes - Drums, backing vocals
 * Sam McCarthy - Guitar, backing vocals
 * Rowan Crowe - Bass

Member changes and hiatus
Paul Taite decided to leave Goodnight Nurse in early 2007 to pursue a career in Europe. His last performance with Goodnight Nurse was at the Auckland Big Day Out in January 2007 - saying farewell to the band he formed with Joel & Jaden and served for almost 6 years together. Following Taite's departure, the remaining two band members - needing a bass player - approached Sam McCarthy of CapGunHero to replace Taite. In August 2007, vocalist Joel Little announced on the band's website that "Goodnight Nurse is now a 4-piece!" and that they'd been "wanting to do it for ages". The new member was to be Rowan Crowe, who would take up bass as Sam McCarthy would be "moving over to guitar". Joel stated that new bass player Rowan Crowe "is epic and he likes to jump off high places and go dumpster diving" and also that he "is a legend".

In February 2010 the band went into an indefinite hiatus. A message was posted on the band's MySpace thanking the fans for all their love and support: Plaza "We don’t know if or when we’ll be back, and we’ll all keep making music till the day we die, but for now this is it for Goodnight Nurse. So one last time THANK YOU from the bottom of our hearts for everything you’ve given us, it’s been an amazing 9 years and we love you for it."

Following their indefinite hiatus, lead singer and guitarist Joel Little has gone on to forge a highly successful career as a Grammy award-winning songwriter and producer. He is best known for his work with Lorde, Jarryd James and Broods. Guitarist Sam McCarthy and 2004 Smokefreerockquest winning "Incursa" bandmate Jordan Arts formed the New Wave musical duo Kids of 88.

title: Goodnight Nurse


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Dolleman Island

Dolleman Island is a rounded, ice-covered island, 13 nmi long, lying 8 nmi east of Cape Boggs, off the east coast of Palmer Land. It was discovered in 1940 by members of East Base of the US Antarctic Service.

The island was named in honour of S-Sgt. Hendrik (Henry) Dolleman (1905-1990) of Manchester, New Hampshire, and born at 20 March 1905 in Deventer in the Netherlands. He was a retired career serviceman in the United States Air Force who served with Admiral Richard E. Byrd in Antarctica on the 1939 and 1955 Deep Freeze expeditions. Mr. Dolleman was also a sled dog trainer. In 1942, when Dolleman was stationed at Westover Field, Massachusetts, he won the Soldier's Medal with an oak leaf cluster for his participation in two polar rescue missions.

Ice cores
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) has used Dolleman Island as an ice core drilling site in 1976, 1986 and 1993. The main findings from these cores are related to the migration of MSA within the ice (Pasteur and Mulvaney, 2000) and the identification of past atmospheric circulation change signals in the core (Peel and Mulvaney, 1992; Russell et al., 2006).

More information on Dolleman Island and its namesake may be found in the book Antarctic Command by Captain Finn Ronne, U.S.N.R. (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., first print edition, 1961).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Dolleman Island


text:
Jill Singer

Jill Leonie Singer (1957 – 8 June 2017) was an Australian journalist, writer and television presenter.

Career
Singer began her career in journalism as an ABC radio trainee in 1984. She eventually became a senior reporter for The 7.30 Report on the ABC and later presented the Victorian edition of Today Tonight on the Seven Network.

She presented The 7.30 Report, The Arts Show, 2-shot and People Dimensions (ABC TV). She was the executive producer of ABC TV's national morning news and current affairs program First Edition. She wrote a weekly column for Melbourne's Herald Sun newspaper between 1997 and 2012, and lectured in television journalism at RMIT University in Melbourne. She made regular appearances on The Conversation Hour (ABC 774) and on Sky News Australia's Melbourne Report. In 2005 she published a book about commercial surrogacy, Immaculate Conceptions : Thoughts on babies, breeding and boundaries.

Awards
In 1992, Singer won the Walkley Award for Best Investigative Television Journalist for Baby M, a story on the death of an infant with severe abnormalities. In 1997, Singer was highly commended at the Quill Awards for her Herald Sun column. In 1999, Singer won the Quill Award for Best Television Current Affairs report for an investigation into ExxonMobil.

In 2010, Singer and Lisa Whitehead won the Quill Award for Best Television Current Affairs (less than 15 minutes) for a report on flaws in the criminal justice system's treatment of domestic violence victims.

Personal life and death
In February 2017, Singer was diagnosed with terminal AL amyloidosis. On 8 June 2017, a post by her family on Singer's Facebook page announced that she had died at the age of 60 in Melbourne, Victoria. She had married two months earlier on 8 April 2017, and had a daughter from her first marriage.

title: Jill Singer


text:
1997 Tippeligaen

The 1997 Tippeligaen was the 53rd completed season of top division football in Norway. Each team played 26 games with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Number thirteen and fourteen are relegated, number twelve has to play two qualification matches (home and away) against number three in the first division (where number one and two are directly promoted) for the last spot.

Teams and locations

 * ''Note: Table lists in alphabetical order.

League table
Vålerenga Fotball qualified for the Cup Winners' Cup as Norwegian Cup winners from a lower division.

Relegation play-offs
Tromsø won the play-offs against Eik-Tønsberg, 6–1 on aggregate.

title: 1997 Tippeligaen


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Marcq

Marcq may refer to:

Belgium

 * Mark (Dender), a river tributary of the Dender
 * Marcq, Wallonia, a village and former municipality in Enghien, Belgium

France

 * Marcq, Ardennes
 * Marcq, Yvelines
 * Marcq-en-Barœul, Nord
 * Marcq-en-Ostrevent, Nord

People with the surname

 * Damien Marcq, French footballer

title: Marcq


text:
Albert Solomon

Albert Edgar Solomon (7 March 1876 – 5 October 1914) was an Australian lawyer and politician. He served as premier of Tasmania from 1912 to 1914, as leader of the Liberal Party. He died of tuberculosis a few months after leaving office as premier, at the age of 38.

Early life
Solomon was born on 7 March 1876 in Longford, Tasmania. He was the tenth child born to Mary Anne (née Trebilcock) and Edward Solomon, who had moved to Longford in 1862. His father was a clerk and was active in the Northern Agricultural Society.

Solomon began his education at Longford State School before completing his secondary education at two private schools, Horton College and Launceston Church Grammar School. He passed his matriculation examination at the age of thirteen and completed the degrees of Bachelor of Arts (1895), Bachelor of Laws (1897) and Master of Laws (1903) at the University of Tasmania. He completed honours in history under William Jethro Brown, the first person to do so at the university.

Solomon began serving his articles of clerkship in 1893 with Law & Weston in Launceston. He was called to the bar in 1898 and went into partnership with his older brother Arthur. Their firm had offices in Launceston and Ulverstone.

Politics
Solomon was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly at the 1909 state election.

He entered politics as one of the six MHAs for Bass in April 1909, and almost immediately became attorney-general and minister for education in the Elliott Lewis second and third ministries, taking the additional position of minister of mines in October 1909. When Lewis retired in June 1912, Solomon became premier, attorney-general, and minister of education, but he had a bare majority of one and it required much tact and finesse to keep the ministry going until April 1914. Attention was given to education and considerable additions were made to the number of state and high schools. Never a robust man, Solomon's health broke down, likely from stress, and he died at Hobart aged 38 on 5 October 1914. He was a prominent member of the Methodist Church and a temperance reformer.

Solomon secured the passage of the Cape Barren Island Reserve Act 1912, which formalised Cape Barren Island's status as a reserve for Aboriginal Tasmanians. In his second reading speech on the bill, he stated it was "an attempt to grapple with a very difficult problem" relating to "the remnants of the aboriginal population" who had been "allowed to run wild".

Personal life
On 13 August 1903 Solomon married Una "Elsie" Scott, eldest daughter of Jabez Scott of Launceston. They had two sons.

title: Albert Solomon


text:
Wilkins Coast

Wilkins Coast is that portion of the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula between Cape Agassiz and Cape Boggs.

Name
Wilkins Coast was named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Sir Hubert Wilkins, who in a pioneer Antarctic exploratory flight on December 20, 1928, flew southward from Deception Island and crossed the Antarctic Peninsula to its east side. He continued southward to Stefansson Strait and Hearst Island, which lie midway along Wilkins Coast.

title: Wilkins Coast


text:
User talk:Faris1~enwiki

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The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Faris1. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Faris1~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

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Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:50, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 12:48, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Faris1~enwiki


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Mill Inlet

Mill Inlet (-67°N, -64.33333°W) is an ice-filled inlet which recedes 8 nmi in a northwesterly direction and is some 20 nmi wide at its entrance between Cape Robinson and Monnier Point, along the east coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1947 and named for Hugh Robert Mill. It was photographed from the air during 1947 by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition under Finn Ronne.

title: Mill Inlet


text:
Clones (album)

The Neptunes Present... Clones is a compilation album produced and released by American production and songwriting duo The Neptunes (Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo). It was released on August 19, 2003 and has been certified Gold by the RIAA. The album featured six singles; "Frontin'" by Pharrell Williams, "Popular Thug" by Kelis, "Light Your Ass on Fire" by Busta Rhymes, “Rock ‘n’ Roll” by Fam-Lay, "Hot Damn" by Clipse and "It Blows My Mind" by Snoop Dogg.

Critical reception
Clones received generally positive reviews from music critics like Andy Kellman of Allmusic.

Commercial performance
The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, with first-week sales of 250,000 copies in the United States. In its second week, the album fell to number three on the Billboard 200, selling 115,000 copies. In its third week, Clones fell to number six on the US chart with 81,000 copies, for a three-week total of 450,000 units. The album sold over 500,000 domestically, and has been certified Gold by the RIAA.

Track listing
All tracks produced by the Neptunes, except where noted.

Credits

 * Executive producers – Pharrell Williams, and Chad Hugo for Star Trak Entertainment
 * All tracks produced by The Neptunes
 * Pharrell Williams – keyboards, synthesizers, programming, mixing
 * Chad Hugo – keyboards, synthesizers, sequencer, mixing

title: Clones (album)


text:
Richard Seaman

Richard John Beattie Seaman (4 February 1913 – 25 June 1939) was a British racing driver. He drove for the Mercedes-Benz team from 1937 to 1939 in the Mercedes-Benz W125 and W154 cars, winning the 1938 German Grand Prix. He died of his injuries after his car overturned at the 1939 Belgian Grand Prix.

Early life
Seaman was born in Aldingbourne House near Chichester, Sussex, into a wealthy family, the son of William John Beattie-Seaman and Lillian Seaman. He initially lived at Kentwell Hall, Long Melford, Suffolk, developing an enthusiasm for motoring from his childhood. After studying at Rugby School Seaman moved onto Trinity College, Cambridge, where as a student Seaman's first experience of racing was at the 1931 Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb near the Malvern Hills, won by Whitney Straight. Seaman's parents encouraged him to become a Member of Parliament or a lawyer.

During his time at Cambridge University Seaman and a friend embarked on a three-day flight to South Africa, and he often cruised around Europe with his family. His family bought Pull Court in Worcestershire in 1933, former home of the two politicians Richard Dowdeswell, father and son, as a stately home for him to inherit. In 1934 he resolved to become a racing driver and took his MG car to the European mainland to gain experience.

Early career
In his early career Seaman won the Voiturette race of the Swiss Grand Prix event at Bremgarten on his first attempt, he went on to win it three times consecutively. He won other small races for English Racing Automobiles (ERA), notably at Brooklands and Donington Park. Seaman competed in the Mont Ventoux Hill Climb after being encouraged to do so by Straight. A talented Anglo-American aristocratic racing driver, Straight, served as Seaman's friend and mentor during his early years of motor racing.

In 1935 Seaman enjoyed a fruitful year with ERA; he took pole position at the 1935 Dieppe Grand Prix, and won the junior category of the 1935 Coppa Acerbo. In his early years Seaman took part in speed trials on the Eynsham bypass near his student home of Cambridge, but by the 1936 Grand Prix Season he was more focused on Grand Prix racing.

Seaman was very successful in the 1936 season both in UK and on the Continent using a 1926 1500 cc Delage race car which was developed and modified to be almost unbeatable at the time with Seaman driving. He won the British Empire Trophy in 1936 at Donington Park in an ERA. Seaman also won the 1936 Donington Grand Prix in a Delage sharing the honour with Swiss Grand Prix driver Hans Rüesch.

Seaman competed in numerous hill climb events also, winning his class at Freiburg in 1936, impressively only a second behind the overall winner Hans Stuck in an Auto Union.

Eventually Mercedes team chief Alfred Neubauer invited him for a trial at the Nürburgring. Both Silver Arrows teams used to have at least one foreign driver, if available.

Seaman had his last outing in a Delage at the 1937 South African Grand Prix in East London from which he retired.

In 1937 he signed for Mercedes-Benz against the wishes of his mother, who did not want him to drive for a "Nazi" team. The Mercedes (and their rival Auto Union) cars, which were part of a racing program that was German government subsidized were far faster, better financed, better built, more advanced and more reliable than any of the racing cars he had driven previously. He now had a chance to win Grands Prix and be one of the top drivers in the European Grand Prix championship.

1937 Grand Prix season
Seaman had a poor start to his Mercedes career in the 1937 Grand Prix Season, he was involved in the fatal accident of Ernst von Delius at the 1937 German Grand Prix, his injuries prevented him from competing at the following races, the Monaco Grand Prix and the Coppa Acerbo in Italy. Nonetheless, he finished fourth at the Italian Grand Prix at Livorno and repeated the feat at the non-championship Czechoslovakian Grand Prix at Brno. Neubauer demoted Seaman to reserve driver at the Swiss Grand Prix, much to his disappointment. Outside of Europe, Seaman finished second to Bernd Rosemeyer at the American Automobile Association (AAA) sanctioned Vanderbilt Cup in Long Island, New York in the United States.

1938 Grand Prix season
Seaman improved further during the 1938 season – he won the German Grand Prix- the biggest race of the year for the German teams, and became one of the favourite drivers of Adolf Hitler, it was the first time a British driver had won an AIACR European Championship race since Henry Segrave won the 1923 French Grand Prix. After his win, Mercedes retained Seaman as a reserve driver, racing in Livorno and Pescara whilst Seaman took a break. On his return, Seaman took pole and finished second in the Swiss Grand Prix at Bremgarten, his favourite circuit, and finished third at his home Grand Prix at Donington Park following a spin. His friend and biographer, George Monkhouse, called Seaman's drive at the Swiss Grand Prix, in difficult wet conditions, the best of his career.

1939 Grand Prix season and death
Seaman had a slow start to the 1939 Grand Prix season, he attended the 1939 French Grand Prix but did not compete. Neubauer did not allow him to compete at the Tripoli Grand Prix. He competed at the 1939 Eifelrennen at the Nürburgring but retired early on with a broken clutch.

Leading the 1939 Belgian Grand Prix at Spa-Francorchamps during a wet race, Seaman crashed his car into a tree during lap 22. It is thought he was using a line through a corner that was only normally used in the dry. After the impact, the car caught fire, with the unconscious driver still inside. Seaman died a few hours later as a result of his burns; it was Mercedes' only fatality during that time. On his death bed Seaman remarked to Mercedes' chief engineer, "I was going too fast for the conditions – it was entirely my own fault. I am sorry."

After Seaman's death, Mercedes-Benz dealerships worldwide were ordered to display his photograph in their windows. Richard Seaman was buried at Putney Vale Cemetery in London. A memorial stone commemorating Seaman was installed at Spa-Francorchamps; it later went missing and was never located.

Personal life
Seaman had a difficult relationship with his mother Lillian, who did not support his decision to drive for a "foreign" team, especially one influenced by the Nazi Party. Seaman fell out of love with his home, Pull Court, following his inability to find local staff to service a planned party involving Seaman's Grand Prix compatriots; Prince Bira was to be invited.

Seaman divided most of his time between Worcestershire and London; spending a large amount of money on travel, he often enjoyed waterskiing.

As a wealthy aristocrat Seaman got along well with his fellow Mercedes Grand Prix teammates Manfred von Brauchitsch and Rudolf Caracciola, who were from wealthy German families.

In December 1938, Seaman married Erica Popp, the daughter of the director of BMW, again against his mother's wishes. Seaman was 25 and Popp was 18. His new father in law bought the couple a home in Bavaria as a wedding present.

Following Seaman's death, Popp spent the Second World War in the UK and the U.S. In 1940 she was engaged to fellow Grand Prix driver Reggie Tongue but the couple never married. She married twice again, and died in Sarasota, Florida in February 1990 at the age of 69. She wore her engagement ring bought by Seaman for the rest of her life.

Legacy
Seaman is often viewed along with Henry Segrave as one of Britain's greatest pre-war Grand Prix drivers. Mythology surrounds Seaman's association with Pull Court. One rumor holds that Seaman's Mercedes Grand Prix cars are buried in the estate; another holds that his mother, Lillian Seaman, left the lights at Pull Court on during the Second World War to guide German bombers.

In his autobiography, Mercedes teammate Hermann Lang descried Seaman as "kind-hearted, cool and fair as a sportsman, just as I has always pictured Englishmen to be."

Although biographer Richard Williams has stated that Seaman simply wanted to drive for whichever team had the fastest car, irrespective of politics, Seaman's legacy has been tarnished by his association with Nazism. Seaman was privately complimentary of Hitler, and controversially gave a Nazi salute following his victory at the 1938 German Grand Prix. Moreover, the largest wreath at Seaman's funeral was sent by Hitler, against the wishes of the driver's family.

European Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

title: Richard Seaman


text:
Neeli

Neeli (, born Neelofar) is a former Pakistani film actress who acted in both Urdu and Punjabi language films.

Early life
Neelofar was born on 24 June 1966 in Hyderabad, Pakistan. Neeli is a graduate of Saint Mary's Convent.

Career
The director/producer Yunus Malik, a family friend, offered Neeli a role in a Punjabi film called Akhri Jang. Sangeeta signed her for a role in the Urdu film Kasam Munne Kee. After that film, Sajjad Gul signed her up in his films Choron Ki Barat and Haseena 420. She starred in Madame Bavary in 1988 and had a double role in Kalay Chor. Later, she was paired with Javed Sheikh, and together they starred in Sher Ali (1992), Khuda Gawah (1993), Mushkil (1995), Jeeva (1995), and Chief Saab (1996). Mushkil, dealing with the subject of child labour, was Sheikh's debut as director. After the decline of the Pakistani film industry in the early 2000s, Neeli gradually left the business in 2006.

Personal life
She married a businessman and had two children then along with her family settled in Dubai. She was close friends actors Jawed Sheikh, Nadeem and Sangeeta.

Awards and nominations
Neeli won 7 Nigar Awards.
 * Nigar Award for Best Supporting Actress in film Qasam munney ki (1987)
 * Nigar Award for Best Actress in film Madam Bawari (1989)
 * Nigar Award for Best Actress in film Bakhtawar (1991)
 * Nigar Award for Best Actress in film Zamana (1993)
 * Nigar Award for Best Actress in film Aakhri mujra (1994)
 * Nigar Award for Best Supporting Actress in film Sakahi Badshah (1996)
 * Nigar Award for Best Actress in film Mard Jeenay Nahi Dete (1997)

title: Neeli


text: Category:Lau Islands

title: Category:Lau Islands


text:
Lamium galeobdolon

Lamium galeobdolon (gah-lay-OB-dough-lon), the yellow archangel, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae. It is native to Europe and western Asia but it is widely introduced in North America and elsewhere. It is the only species in the genus Lamium with yellow flowers. Another common name for this species is golden dead-nettle. In New Zealand, it is called the aluminium plant or artillery plant. The common names archangel and dead-nettle have been in use for hundreds of years, dating back to at least the 16th century.

Lamium galeobdolon consists of four closely-related subspecies, one of which is the variegated yellow archangel (Lamium galeobdolon subsp. argentatum), an invasive subspecies in several European countries. Lamium galeobdolon is also invasive in New Zealand, Canada, and the United States, but in those countries the subspecies is unknown.

Description
Lamium galeobdolon sensu lato is a large-leaved perennial plant with square stems growing from 15 to 60 cm tall. The paired opposite leaves are stalked with toothed margins. The leaves may or may not have silvery markings (an important character used to distinguish subspecies). The inflorescence is a pseudo-whorl of 4–16 flowers (called a verticillaster) clustered around the axil of a leaf-pair. Each flower has bilateral symmetry (zygomorphic). The calyx is five-lobed and the corolla is yellow with a prominent hood. The flower’s lower lip has three lobes with the central lobe often streaked with orange. There are two short stamens and two long ones. A pair of fused carpels give rise to a four-chambered schizocarp.

Identification
Subspecies of Lamium galeobdolon sensu lato are the only taxa in the genus with yellow flowers. All of the subspecies are stoloniferous except subsp. flavidum. The invasive subsp. argentatum is readily distinguished by its silvery white variegated leaves. Lamium galeobdolon subsp. galeobdolon and subsp. montanum can be difficult to distinguish but assuming the plant in question is in full flower, subsp. galeobdolon has a maximum of six (rarely seven) flowers per verticillaster while subsp. montanum averages ten flowers per verticillaster.

Lamium galeobdolon subsp. flavidum is characterized by the lack of stolons, frequently branched fertile stems with upright flowering lateral shoots, and 10–16 small flowers per verticillaster. An identification key for the remaining taxa follows:

Other taxa in the group can have marked leaves but those of subsp. argentatum are distinctive:

"Permanent silvery pattern on leaf lamina in L. argentatum always forms two flexuous bands along the midrib, mostly not interrupted by the lateral veins. They are distinctive particularly from the late autumn to the early spring when a contrast brownish-maroon colouring develops on the abaxial side and extends to the midrib-zone of the upper leaf side. Although variegated leaves were frequently observed in all other taxa in our study, they never matched the description above. Silvery-grey markings constituted merely separate splashes or flecks (small-sized in L. montanum and L. flavidum, larger in L. galeobdolon), not merged into continuous bands. Thus, a combination of two distinct silvery flexuous bands together with a strong chocolate-maroon zone along the midrib in winter can be regarded as specific L. argentatum markers."

In particular, a cultivar of subsp. flavidum known as 'Hermans Pride' has silver-spotted leaves, but even though the markings are unlike those of subsp. argentatum, the two taxa are sometimes confused.

The base chromosome number of taxa in genus Lamium is x = 9. Lamium galeobdolon subsp. flavidum and subsp. galeobdolon are diploid (2n = 2x = 18) while subsp. argentatum and subsp. montanum are tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36). A few triploid individuals have been reported. The triploids are thought to be natural hybrids between diploid subsp. galeobdolon and tetraploid subsp. argentatum.

Taxonomy
Lamium galeobdolon was first described as Galeopsis galeobdolon by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in 1753. Linnaeus himself placed Galeopsis galeobdolon in the genus Lamium in 1759, and therefore the correct name is Lamium galeobdolon (L.) L.

Most authorities with a global scope recognize four closely-related taxa, either as subspecies of Lamium galeobdolon, or as full species in genus Lamium, in which case the group of taxa is referred to as Lamium subgen. Galeobdolon. Some authorities segregate the species into other genera (either Galeobdolon or Lamiastrum) but genus Lamium remains monophyletic in any case.

Lamium galeobdolon subsp. argentatum was first described as Galeobdolon argentatum by the Czech botanist Miroslav Smejkal in 1975. In a comprehensive and influential treatment of genus Lamium published in 1989, the Dutch botanist Jacob Mennema reduced the species to forma and placed it in synonymy with Lamium galeobdolon subsp. galeobdolon. Hence subsp. argentatum was neglected for a long time and its invasion history is poorly documented.

Most North American authorities recognize a single taxon, referred to as either Lamium galeobdolon or Lamiastrum galeobdolon. Multiple taxa are not recognized in North America. Authors that follow Mennema's taxonomy refer to either Lamium galeobdolon sensu lato or Lamium galeobdolon subsp. galeobdolon.

There are a number of closely related taxa that hybridize with L. galeobdolon and in some cases are not unequivocally accepted as distinct species but considered subspecies or varieties by many authors. Most well known among these is variegated yellow archangel (subsp. argentatum), whose leaves often have variegation, showing as silver patches arranged as a wide semicircle. This, and in particular its large-flowered and even stronger-marked cultivar 'Variegatum', is the taxon most often met with as a garden escapee.

Etymology
Both the generic name Lamium and the specific name galeobdolon were used by Pliny the Elder in the first century AD. The name galeobdolon has several possible origins. It may come from the Latin words galeo meaning "to cover with a helmet" and dolon meaning "a fly's sting", or it may come from the Greek words galen meaning "weasel" and bdolos meaning "fetid smell". The latter interpretation is likely the source of the common name yellow weasel-snout.

The common names archangel and dead-nettle have been in use for hundreds of years. In 1578, the Flemish physician and botanist Rembert Dodoens observed that "Dead nettell groweth every where". The English herbalist John Gerard used the word "archangel" in 1633. Gerard believed the dead-nettles were so-named because their leaves resembled those of the true nettles in the family Urticaceae. The names "Arch-Angel" and "Dead Nettle" appear in the book The English Physitian (also known as the Complete Herbal) published by the English botanist and herbalist Nicholas Culpeper in 1652. Both Dodoens and Gerard believed the name "archangel" referred to members of genus Lamium with "clusters of hooded flowers at the nodes rising along the stems like a choir of robed figures". Others believe the name refers to the wing-like shape of its paired opposite leaves.

Distribution
Lamium galeobdolon sensu lato is native to Europe, western Asia, and portions of the Middle East. It ranges northeast of Europe as far as the West Siberian Plain and southeast to Iran. Lamium galeobdolon subsp. flavidum is native to the Alps, northern Italy, and the mountain ranges northeast of the Adriatic Sea. The remaining subspecies have a center of distribution in Central Europe.

Lamium galeobdolon sensu lato is widely introduced in Europe, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States, but authorities disagree about the distribution of introduced subspecies. , Plants of the World Online (POWO) claims that Lamium galeobdolon subsp. argentatum has been introduced in Great Britain, Ireland, and Italy, but since subsp. argentatum is reported to be introduced in the Netherlands and Switzerland, the list is incomplete. POWO also claims that Lamium galeobdolon subsp. galeobdolon has been introduced in Madeira, New Zealand (both North Island and South Island), and the United States. However, authoritative sources based in North America implicitly refer to Lamium galeobdolon sensu lato, so POWO's claim is unsubstantiated. The list of U.S. states where Lamium galeobdolon sensu lato is said to occur varies dramatically depending on the source.

Ecology
Lamium galeobdolon sensu lato (also known as Lamiastrum galeobdolon) has been widely introduced as a garden plant, especially in New Zealand, Canada, and the United States where it has escaped cultivation and become an invasive species. In New Zealand, it is listed by the 2020 National Pest Plant Accord and therefore banned from sale, propagation, and distribution throughout the country. It is also listed by the Invasive Species Council of British Columbia in Canada. In the U.S. state of Washington, it is listed as a Class B Noxious Weed and therefore banned from sale by state law. It is also a B-listed Noxious Weed in the state of Oregon.

The variegated yellow archangel (Lamium galeobdolon subsp. argentatum) has become an invasive subspecies in several European countries. In the Netherlands, subspecies argentatum was introduced as an ornamental ground cover, and by 1985 it had become naturalized and recorded in more localities than the native subspecies galeobdolon. It is also invasive in Britain where it spreads by stolons at the rate of 1–2 meters per growing season. In Switzerland, subspecies argentatum tripled its occurrence in four decades (1980–2020) while exhibiting "a higher growth rate and regeneration capacity" than the native subspecies galeobdolon.

Based on morphological characters, number of chromosomes, pattern of geographical distribution, and phytochemistry, early botanists hypothesized that the tetraploid subsp. montanum originated as a hybrid between the two diploid taxa, subsp. flavidum and subsp. galeobdolon. However, more recent phylogenetic data suggests that subsp. montanum originated from subsp. flavidum alone. Similarly, there is conflicting evidence regarding the origins of the tetraploid subsp. argentatum suggesting that it may or may not have originated from subsp. galeobdolon alone.

title: Lamium galeobdolon


text:
Talk:Trickle-up economics

Untitled
'Whatever the mechanism, there may be some empirical evidence that wealth is trickling up in industrial societies.'

Someone needs to do some reading or original research to gather evidence for or against this assertion.

This is the bare bones of an article, and needs to be fleshed out with empirical data, etc.

Maybe I'll say more about the chav phenomenon sometime soon, but I've done enough writing for now.

I could also say something about farmers in developing nations getting hooked into using proprietary seed fertilizer and pesticide paid for on credit.

 * Original research to defend or refute a point of view is generally off-limits for Wikipedia. If there's a published study that has "trickle up" in the title, that would be appropriate. Gazpacho 09:24, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

It appears that Statistics Canada wants money for their Gini coefficient data, whereas US and UK are willing to give this data freely. I couldn't find the data for France. You are invited to add data for other countries, www.unstats.un.org and list of national statistics bureaux may be a good starting point.

Is there a way of combining Gini and GDP data to get some idea of whether poor people are getting poorer in absolute terms? Like if Gini is increasing and GDP is down, I think it would follow that this is the case. Perhaps someone au fait with mathematical economics could come up with a formula which combines Gini and GDP which could compare the situation at two different times, saying at what point in the income distribution someone would have to be for GDP growth to compensate for Gini increases. Such a formula would have to assume (accurately or otherwise) that income distribution follows the shape of some statistical distribution (e.g. Pareto), as details of the shape of the income distribution are lost when the Gini coefficient is calculated.

Totally disputed
This article appears to have zero references or sources for the use of this phrase. Gazpacho 02:14, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

I agree, this theory is a fairy tale and does the writer not realise that savings go into investment and capital formation? If you want rich people to invest and save then increase the luxury tax. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sabaton10 (talk • contribs) 10:15, 18 September 2010 (UTC)

Irrelevant external links?
I removed the two external links. One was to the CIA World Factbook homepage and the other was to the US Census Bureau homepage. While this article is about economics, and both the World Factbook homepage and US Census Bureau homepage contain economic data, I do not quite think that is enough reason to link to them from here. Nothing about the CIA or their Factbook or the Census Bureau or anything about any census whatsoever is mentioned in the article so I think it is safe to say that these links are irrelevent. --76.2.44.243 03:06, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

A mess
I think it's got to be taken out. I deleted the whole section that tried to relate trickle-up to Maslow's hierarchy of needs-- no sources provided, just a lot of uneconomic blabber. Still a lot of disputed claims, though.

Capitalism is trickle up and down in practice.
Capitalism is trickle up and down in practice. When a business owner starts a new business they hire and employ workers. The new business also purchases supplies and equipment. All of the startup costs of the new business are paid for, before the business owner makes any money. This is the trickle down part of capitalism. It is only after the business sells their product or provides their services and expenses are paid does the business owner make a profit. Income trickles up to the business owner in the form of profits, only after everyone else has been paid and only if the business is successful. This is a trickle up part of capitalism. When the business is profitable the workers,suppliers and business owner continue to make money. The successful business continues to trickle additional wealth down to these workers and suppliers and up to them selves as profits. This is the trickle up and down of capitalism — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.198.159.61 (talk) 19:43, 9 June 2011 (UTC)

This article is not credible should be removed.
First of all the "trickle-down theory" is not an actual economic theory. "Trickle down economics" is a pejorative way of referencing supply-side economic theories which have sound footing in economic theory. It is whether or not the theories actually work in practice, and/or how best to implement them that is a matter of debate. Conflating "supply side" and "trickle down" is like not making any distinction between "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act" and "Obamacare". I know that the President has come to embrace the Obamacare label, but initially that was not the case and it was only used in a negative context.

Secondly, a "trickle up effect" cannot credibly be claimed to exist. Simply posting about something on Wikipedia without any references doesn't make it a real phenomenon. I'm amazed that this has been up since 2005 without being deleted. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.181.232.140 (talk) 23:09, 29 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I beg to differ. Apart from the fact that the term "trickle up" is actually in common use, as a web search reveals, in this analysis, Mark Rosenfelder makes a compelling case that the effect is very much real, even though he does not use the term "trickle up" himself. In fact, it had just occurred to me today that the effect Rosenfelder argues happened in the time period when social liberal economic policies were followed is essentially the precise inverse of the "trickle-down effect", then I came up independently with the "trickle up" term (which, as a metaphor, is quite awkward, if taken literally in the physical sense – only steam goes up, which would be strictly speaking a more sensible metaphor), and Googled it, only to find that, as so often, my idea was so obvious that other people have had it before. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 12:38, 23 April 2013 (UTC)

Requested move 11 March 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) BilledMammal (talk) 16:22, 28 March 2023 (UTC)

Trickle-up effect → Trickle-up economics – Swap names per wp:commonname. "economics" is used in virtually all RS, very few use "effect". Only 1 RS in use on the article uses "effect". HC (talk) 20:54, 10 March 2023 (UTC) This is a contested technical request (permalink).  ❯❯❯  Raydann  (Talk)   17:39, 11 March 2023 (UTC)  — Relisting. Extraordinary Writ (talk) 02:22, 19 March 2023 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Support per nom. ModernDayTrilobite (talk • contribs) 16:08, 27 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trickle-up economics


text:
Cabinet Inlet

Cabinet Inlet (-66.58333°N, -63.16667°W) is an icy inlet, 36 mi long in a northwest–southeast direction, and some 27 mi wide at its entrance between Cape Alexander and Cape Robinson, along the east coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was named and charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and aerially photographed by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in December 1947. It is named for the British War Cabinet which authorized the FIDS in 1943.

title: Cabinet Inlet


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Plymouth & Lincoln Railroad

The Plymouth & Lincoln Railroad is a class III shortline railroad operating on the Concord-Lincoln rail line in central New Hampshire, United States. The railroad consists of two distinct passenger operations, the Granite State Scenic Railway, which offers passenger excursion trains in the White Mountains, and the Winnipesaukee Scenic Railroad, which operates passenger excursion trains along the shore of Lake Winnipesaukee in the Lakes Region of New Hampshire. In addition to passenger operations, the railroad owns the Lincoln Shops, a railroad equipment maintenance and repair facility located in Lincoln, New Hampshire.

History
On June 15, 1987, the Plymouth and Lincoln Railroad was formed with the purpose of operating a theme park and railroad out of Lincoln, New Hampshire. Edward Clark and his wife Brenda Reynolds Clark were the owners. Trains have been operating since then between Lincoln and Woodstock, a distance of 7 mi.

After a few years of operating the railroad in Lincoln under the "Hobo Railroad" name (which would later be renamed "Granite State Scenic Railway"), the railroad was invited to bid on the lease for the state-owned trackage from Tilton to Plymouth. They won the bid, and the Winnipesaukee Scenic Railroad was formed, with trains running from Meredith to Lakeport, with a stop in Weirs Beach.

The railroad now holds the passenger rights on the entire state of New Hampshire-owned track running from Lochmere to Lincoln, a total of 54 mi. This additional mileage allows the operation of many special excursion trains. The state owns another 19 mi of track from Lochmere to Concord, which is used by the New England Southern Railroad for freight customers.

Edward Clark, founder of the railroad, died in the summer of 1998. Benjamin, his only son, assumed the post of President and promoted the business heavily.

The Patriot Rail Company assumed ownership of the two passenger services and the rail bike operations in August 2023.

The Lincoln Shops
From the mid-1990s, the Lincoln Shops have grown to be a major source of off-season revenue through its refurbishing and repair of numerous pieces of customer railroad equipment. Two Russell snowplows and some subway tampers were rebuilt for the MBTA. The privately owned ex-New Haven Railroad Roger Williams was in for major restoration to like-new condition, along with four or five caboose repaintings. The company's reputation increased the demand for the facility enough to make the business a 12-month operation. In 2005, they brought the three-car set of the Flying Yankee, under restoration, to the Lincoln Shops for completion. In 2021, 2 major locomotive repaints to PLLX 105 and 1590 were done as well as interior on 105.

Current activities
The railroad has some of the most diverse and scenic fall foliage trains in New England, whether lakeside or on a journey along the Pemigewasset River to the mountains. Since 2003 the railroad has promoted heavily this important season for tourism. It also benefits from its $1 1/2$-hour travel time from Boston. Bus groups, sometimes eight per day, converge in Meredith in the fall due to the town's location and to the offering of a full roast turkey dinner on the train catered by Hart's Turkey Farm Restaurant, also located in Meredith.

In winter 2005, the "Believe in Books Literacy Foundation" contracted with the railroad to provide a "Polar Express" out of Lincoln, to supplement the growing demand from the North Conway operation run by the Conway Scenic Railroad. The Tom Hanks movie of the same name was released in the 2004-2005 season, sparking even further interest.

In June 2021, Rail Bike Adventures began offering 2-hour tours out of Laconia Station along the shores of Lake Winnisquam.

Three ALCO S1 switchers (all of them are currently out of service; one switcher is from the Portland Terminal Company and two are from the Maine Central Railroad), an ALCO S3 switcher from the Boston and Maine Railroad, 2 EMD SW1000's, 1 EMD SW1001, and a former Rock Island Railroad EMD GP7 provide the motive power for the two railroads. Four former Erie Lackawanna Railroad cars and six former Budd RDCs from the MBTA in Boston comprise the railroad cars that they use for operations.

title: Plymouth & Lincoln Railroad


text:
File:Buffalo Soldiers film poster.jpg

Summary
Poster image sourced from http://www.impawards.com/2003/buffalo_soldiers.html

Fair use in Buffalo Soldiers (2001 film)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Buffalo Soldiers film poster.jpg


text:
Cape Alexander

Cape Alexander (°N, °W) is a cape which forms the south end of Churchill Peninsula and the east side of the entrance to Cabinet Inlet, on the east coast of Graham Land. It was charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE) in December 1947.

Cape Alexander was named by the FIDS for Rt. Hon. Albert V. Alexander, M.P., First Lord of the Admiralty.

title: Cape Alexander


text: Category:Provinces of Fiji

title: Category:Provinces of Fiji


text:
1971 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia

In 1971 the British Lions toured New Zealand, also playing two matches in Australia. Despite losing the first match to Queensland the tour was a great success, the Lions winning the Test series against the All Blacks. They are still the only Lions side to have won a Test series in New Zealand. The side was captained by John Dawes, coached by Carwyn James and managed by Doug Smith.

Background
Although the Lions had done poorly when touring New Zealand in 1966 (they lost all four Tests to the All Blacks), the seeds had been sown for the successful series of 1971. Wales had won the Grand Slam in the Five Nations Championship in 1971, and appropriately supplied more players than any other home nation to the touring squad. Both the coach and captain were also Welsh. This was the only tour to result in a Lions victory over the All Blacks.

New Zealand, after a long period of success, had lost their most recent series in 1970 away to South Africa.

Key factors
A major factor in their victory was self belief. Gerald Davies explained, "...somewhere along the line it becomes a mental thing...We grew in confidence; we came to believe it was possible to beat the All Blacks." The coaching team had also done important reconnaissance work.

Colin Meads said Mervyn Davies was "the one player who probably had the biggest impact on that 1971 Lions Test series," particularly as he prevented New Zealand winning line out ball via Brian Lochore.

Test series
The Lions won the first Test in Dunedin 9–3, with a penalty goal to the All Blacks, and two penalties and a try, (scored by Ian McLauchlan) to the Lions. Several Lions players later admitted they were overconfident following their initial Test victory. The Lions were thus convincingly beaten 22–12 in the second Test in Christchurch, with the All Blacks outscoring them five tries (Bob Burgess (2), Sid Going, Ian Kirkpatrick, pen try) to two (Davies (2)). The third Test was played at Athletic Park, Wellington. The Lions did not make the same mistake they had in Christchurch, resulting in a 13–3 win, the Lions scored two converted tries and a drop goal. The All Blacks managed only a try.

Following the third Test the Lions led the series 2–1. The final game played in Auckland would require an All Black victory for New Zealand to draw the series. A draw or Lions victory would give the Lions a series win. Scores were level 8–8 at half time with a try, conversion and penalty each. The first 15 minutes of the second half saw the Lions land a penalty goal and the All Blacks score a try. With the scores tied 11–11, Lions fullback JPR Williams received the ball 45 metres out and attempted a drop goal, it was successful and put the Lions ahead 14–11. Williams's drop goal was the only one he landed in his Test career. The All Blacks could only manage three further points from a penalty to draw the game 14-14, which gave the Lions the series.

Backs

 * John Dawes (London Welsh and Wales) (captain)
 * J.P.R. Williams (London Welsh and Wales)
 * Bob Hiller (Harlequins and England)
 * John C Bevan (Cardiff and Wales)
 * Alastair Biggar (London Scottish and Scotland)
 * Gerald Davies (London Welsh and Wales)
 * David Duckham (Coventry and England)
 * Arthur Lewis (Ebbw Vale and Wales)
 * John Spencer (Headingley and England)
 * Chris Rea (West of Scotland and Scotland)
 * Mike Gibson (North of Ireland FC and Ireland)
 * Barry John (Cardiff and Wales)
 * Gareth Edwards (Cardiff and Wales)
 * Chico Hopkins (Maesteg and Wales)
 * Chris Wardlow (Northampton and England) was an original selection but withdrew due to injury. His place was taken by Chris Rea

Forwards

 * Frank Laidlaw (Melrose and Scotland)
 * John Pullin (Bristol and England)
 * Ian McLauchlan (Jordanhill College and Scotland)
 * Sandy Carmichael (West of Scotland and Scotland)
 * Sean Lynch (St Mary's College RFC and Ireland)
 * Ray McLoughlin (Blackrock College RFC and Ireland)
 * Stack Stevens (Harlequins and England)
 * Gordon Brown (West of Scotland and Scotland)
 * Geoff Evans (London Welsh and Wales)
 * Willie John McBride (Ballymena and Ireland)
 * Mike Roberts (London Welsh and Wales)
 * Delme Thomas (Llanelli and Wales)
 * Mike Hipwell (Terenure College RFC and Ireland)
 * Rodger Arneil (Leicester and Scotland)
 * Derek Quinnell (Llanelli)
 * Fergus Slattery (University College Dublin RFC and Ireland)
 * John Taylor (London Welsh and Wales)
 * Mervyn Davies (London Welsh and Wales)
 * Peter Dixon (Harlequins and England)

Results
The Canterbury game was particularly violent.

Third Test
NEW ZEALAND: Laurie Mains, Bruce Hunter, Howard Joseph, Wayne Cottrell, Ken Carrington, Bob Burgess (rep Mick Duncan), Sid Going, Brian Muller, Tane Norton, Richie Guy, Colin Meads (c), Brian Lochore, Alan McNaughton Ian Kirkpatrick, Alex Wyllie

LIONS: Williams, Gerald Davies, Dawes (c), Gibson, Duckham, John, Edwards, Lynch, Pullin, McLauchlan, McBride, Brown, Quinnell, Slattery, Mervyn Davies.

In the pack, the Lions selected Gordon Brown over Delme Thomas.

Fourth Test
NEW ZEALAND: Laurie Mains, Ken Carrington, Mick Duncan, Phil Gard, Bryan Williams, Wayne Cottrell, Sid Going, Brian Muller, Tane Norton, Richie Guy, Colin Meads (c), Peter Whiting, Ian Kirkpatrick, Tom Lister, Alex Wyllie

LIONS: Williams, Gerald Davies, Dawes (c), Gibson, Duckham, John, Edwards, Lynch, Pullin, McLauchlan, McBride, Brown, Taylor, Dixon, Mervyn Davies.Thomas replaced injured Brown 60mins

Appraisal
The 1971 Lions are often compared to the unbeaten 1974 British Lions tour to South Africa. Many of the players who played on the 1971 Lions tour believe the 1974 Lions team would have beaten the 1971 Lions team, due to having better forwards and because many of the 1971 players had become better players by 1974. J.P.R. Williams has said that while the 1971 Lions back division could not be bettered, the 1974 squad was better at winning games.

However South Africa had not played a test match for two years before playing the Lions, whereas the New Zealand team had been active. In addition the 1971 Lions overcame the mental hurdle of the Lions having lost every previous series in New Zealand before.


text:
Malesch

Malesch is the debut album by German rock group Agitation Free. It was released in 1972 on the [Vertigo Records, Germany] label. It was reissued on CD in 1992 by the Spalax label and in 2001 by the Garden of Delights label, with another reissue in 2008 by Revisited Records. The album was inspired by the group's travels through Lebanon, Egypt, Greece, and Cyprus.

Track listing
All songs written by Agitation Free.
 * Side one
 * 1) "You Play for Us Today" – 6:15
 * 2) "Sahara City" – 7:51
 * 3) "Ala Tul" – 4:57
 * Side two
 * 1) "Pulse" – 4:51
 * 2) "Khan el Khalili" – 5:34
 * 3) "Malesch" – 8:24
 * 4) "Rücksturz" – 2:11

Personnel

 * Lutz "Lüül" Ulbrich – lead electric guitar (Gibson SG), twelve-string guitar, Bavarian zither, Hammond organ
 * Michael Hoenig – EMS Synthi A, Vox Continental organ
 * Jörg Schwenke – rhythm guitar (Fender Stratocaster)
 * Michael Günther – Fender Jazz bass, live-tapes (Revox A77)
 * Burghard Rausch – congas, drums, marimbaphone, timbales

 * Additional musicians:
 * Uli Pop – bongos on "You Play for Us Today"
 * Peter Michael Hamel – Hammond organ

title: Malesch


text:
User:FelixReimann

Questions?

-> You can find me in the German wiki! de:User:FelixReimann de:User:FelixReimann

title: User:FelixReimann


text: Category:Tui Cakau

title: Category:Tui Cakau


text: Category:People from Coahuila

title: Category:People from Coahuila


text: Category:Ai Sokula

title: Category:Ai Sokula


text:
Cole Peninsula

Cole Peninsula (-66.83333°N, -64°W) is a peninsula, 24 kilometers long in an east–west direction and 13 kilometers wide, lying between Cabinet Inlet and Mill Inlet on the east coast of Graham Land, just east of Thuronyi Bluff and immediately north of the Antarctic Circle. The peninsula is surrounded by the Larsen Ice Shelf, which is part of the Weddell Sea.

This promontory is ice-covered except for several rocky spurs which radiate from Mount Hayes. It was first sighted and photographed from the air in 1940 by members of East Base of the US Antarctic Service (USAS). During 1947 it was charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE) under Finn Ronne.

Cole Peninsula was named by Ronne for Rep. W. Sterling Cole of New York, member of the House Naval Affairs Committee, which assisted in obtaining Congressional support resulting in procurement of a ship for use by the Ronne expedition.

title: Cole Peninsula


text:
Faith in Christianity

Within Christianity, faith, in one sense, is often discussed in terms of believing God's promises, trusting in his faithfulness, and relying on God's character and faithfulness to act. Some denominations believe in the New Covenant and in the doctrine of salvation by faith alone (sola fide). According to most Christian traditions and denominations, Christian faith requires a belief in the resurrection of Jesus, and the Agony in the Garden which Jesus states is the plan of God the Father.

Since the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century the meaning of the term "faith" has been an object of major theological disagreement in Western Christianity. The differences have been largely overcome in the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification (1999). The precise understanding of the term "faith" differs among the various Christian traditions. Despite these differences, Christians generally agree that faith in Jesus lies at the core of the Christian tradition, and that such faith is required in order to be a Christian.

Some of the definitions of faith in the history of Christian theology have followed the biblical formulation in : "Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen (NKJV)".

Christian faith builds on Old Testament faith because the promises of the Old Testament are accepted as being fulfilled in the ministry, suffering, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.

New Testament
The word "faith", translated from the Greek πίστις (pi'stis), was primarily used in the New Testament with the Greek perfect tense and translates as a noun-verb hybrid; which is not adequately conveyed by the English noun. The verb form of pi'stis is pisteuo, which is often translated into English versions of the New Testament as 'believe'. The adjectival form, pistos, is almost always translated as 'faithful'. The New Testament writers, following the translators of the Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) rendered words in the Hebrew scriptures that concerned 'faithfulness' using pi'stis-group words. The pi'stis-group words are most appropriately translated into English by a range of words, depending on the context in which they occur. In both the New Testament and other Greek texts, pi'stis describes connections of firmness that can form between a wide variety of entities: people, traditions, practices, groups, purposes, facts or propositions. The appropriate English translation is often evident from the relationship between the two entities connected by pi'stis. The pi'stis-group words in the New Testament can thus be interpreted as relating to ideas of faithfulness, fidelity, loyalty, commitment, trust, belief, and proof. The most appropriate interpretation and translation of pi'stis-group words in the New Testament is a matter of recent controversy, particularly over the meaning of pi'stis when it is directed towards Jesus.

Specific verses
"Now faith (pi'stis) is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen." This passage concerning the function of faith in relation to the covenant of God is often used as a definition of faith. Υποστασις (hy-po'sta-sis), translated "assurance" here, commonly appears in ancient papyrus business documents, conveying the idea that a covenant is an exchange of assurances which guarantees the future transfer of possessions described in the contract. In view of this, James Hope Moulton and George Milligan suggest the rendering: "Faith is the title deed of things hoped for".

In recent decades, scholars have researched what pi'stis meant in the social context of the New Testament writers. Several scholars who have studied the usage of pi'stis in both early Greek manuscripts and the New Testament have concluded that 'faithfulness' is the most satisfactory English translation in many instances. This recent research has prompted some to argue that New Testament faith and belief in Jesus should be understood in terms of faithfulness, loyalty, and commitment to him and his teachings, rather than in terms of belief, trust and reliance.

Catholic Church
The Catholic Church considers that faith is twofold. Objectively, faith is the sum of truths revealed by God in Scripture and tradition and which the Catholic Church presents in a brief form in its creeds. Subjectively, faith stands for the habit or virtue by which these truths are assented to.

Faith as a theological virtue
According to Thomas Aquinas, faith is "the act of the intellect assenting to a Divine truth owing to the movement of the will, which is itself moved by the grace of God" (St. Thomas, II-II, Q. iv, a. 2). And just as the light of faith is a gift supernaturally bestowed upon the understanding, so also this divine grace moving the will is, as its name implies, an equally supernatural and an absolutely gratuitous gift.

Faith is not blind
 "We believe", says the Vatican Council (III, iii), "that revelation is true, not indeed because the intrinsic truth of the mysteries is clearly seen by the natural light of reason, but because of the authority of God Who reveals them, for He can neither deceive nor be deceived." The Vatican Council says, "in addition to the internal assistance of His Holy Spirit, it has pleased God to give us certain external proofs of His revelation, viz. certain Divine facts, especially miracles and prophecies, for since these latter clearly manifest God's omnipotence and infinite knowledge, they afford most certain proofs of His revelation and are suited to the capacity of all." Hence Thomas Aquinas writes: "A man would not believe unless he saw the things he had to believe, either by the evidence of miracles or of something similar" (II-II:1:4, ad 1).

In the Catholic Church, justification is granted by God from baptism, the sacrament of faith. Joseph Cardinal Tobin said: "religion is a lifestyle. It means that what I believe influences the way that I live."

Noetic faculty
Faith (pistis) in Eastern Christianity is an activity of the nous or spirit. Faith being characteristic of the noesis or noetic experience of the spirit. Faith here being defined as intuitive truth meaning as a gift from God, faith is one of God's uncreated energies (Grace too is another of God's uncreated energies and gifts). The God in Trinity is uncreated or incomprehensible in nature, being or essence. Therefore, in Eastern Christianity, God's essence or incomprehisibility is distinguished from his uncreated energies. This is clarified in the Essence-Energies distinction of Gregory Palamas.

Intuitive truth
As God in Trinity, as the anomalies of God's essence or being. In Eastern Christianity it is by faith or intuitive truth that this component of an object's existence is grasped.

Protestantism
In the Protestant tradition, faith is generally understood to be closely associated with ideas of belief, trust, and reliance. This understanding is founded in the doctrinal statements of the Protestant Reformers. One of their confessional statements explains: "the principle acts of saving faith are accepting, receiving, and resting upon Christ alone for justification, sanctification, and eternal life." The Reformers contrasted faith with human efforts to do good works as a means of justification. This understanding of saving faith has remained within the Protestant tradition. Saving faith is generally understood in terms of a belief of, trust in, and reliance on the person of Jesus and his work of atonement accomplished through his death on the cross.

According to Lutherans, saving faith is the knowledge of, acceptance of, and trust in the promise of the Gospel.

Faith as steadfastness in reasoned belief
C.S. Lewis described his experience of faith in his book Mere Christianity by distinguishing between two usages of the word. He describes the first as follows: "Faith seems to be used by Christians in two senses or on two levels ... In the first sense it means simply Belief." Several paragraphs later he continues with "Faith, in the sense in which I am here using the word, is the art of holding on to things your reason has once accepted, in spite of your changing moods."

Faith as a gift of God
Paul writes in : "For by grace you have been saved through faith, and this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God—not the result of works, so that no one may boast." From this, some Protestants believe that faith itself is given as a gift of God (e.g. the Westminster Confession of Faith ), although this interpretation is disputed by others who believe the Greek gender alignment indicates that the "gift" referred to is salvation rather than faith.

Increase ones faith
James O. Mason said that there need to be 4 steps to increase ones faith.

 * Study: The Prophet Joseph Smith instructed, “Faith comes by hearing the word of God, through the testimony of the servants of God.”
 * Prayer: The Apostle Paul counseled that through our prayers we "might perfect that which is lacking in [our] faith."
 * Service and sacrifice: The Prophet Joseph Smith taught, "Let us here observe, that a religion that does not require the sacrifice of all things never has power sufficient to produce the faith necessary unto life and salvation; for, from the first existence of man, the faith necessary unto the enjoyment of life and salvation never could be obtained without the sacrifice of all earthly things."
 * Personal righteousness: The Savior taught, "If any man will do [God's] will, he shall know of the doctrine, whether it be of God, or whether I speak of myself."

Faith as a seed
Alma the Younger describes faith as a seed in in the Book of Mormon. This is the most comprehensive explanation of faith in the Standard works of the LDS Church.

title: Faith in Christianity


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Rocky Hill Meeting House

The Rocky Hill Meeting House is a well-preserved New England meeting house located on Old Portsmouth Road in Amesbury, Massachusetts. Built about 1785, and not used as a church after 1840, it has the best-preserved example of an original 18th-century meeting house interior in New England. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It is now a museum property owned and operated by Historic New England. It is open selected days each year; admission is charged.

Description and history
The Rocky Hill Meeting House is located east of downtown Amesbury, on Old Portsmouth Road, now a short spur between Elm Street and Interstate 495. It is a roughly square 2-1/2 story timber frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. Each side is five bays wide, with entrances on three sides. The principal entrance is on the south side, in a projecting two-story stairhouse. The interior consists of a single large chamber with a second-floor gallery on three sides. It lacks the modern amenities of electricity, plumbing, and heat.

The meeting house was built to serve the west parish of Salisbury in approximately 1785, replacing a c. 1715 meeting house. George Washington greeted local townspeople in this meeting house on his northward journey in 1789. By the 1840s, regular religious services had come to an end. Historic New England acquired the meeting house in 1941.

Its interior has remained virtually unchanged since it was constructed, with the original high pulpit, pentagonal sounding board, deacon's desk, marbleized columns, box pews (complete with graffiti and foot warmers), unfinished stairs to the gallery, and sloping gallery on three sides. The pews have never been painted, the marbleized pulpit and pillars supporting the galleries still feature their original paint, and the building still contains its original hardware.

title: Rocky Hill Meeting House


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Stepping (African-American)

Stepping or step-dancing (a type of step dance) is a form of percussive dance in African-American culture. The performer's entire body is used as an instrument to produce complex rhythms and sounds through a mixture of footsteps, spoken word, and hand claps. Though stepping may be performed by an individual, it is generally performed by groups of three or more, often in arrangements that resemble military formations.

Stepping may also draw from elements of gymnastics, break dance, tap dance, march, or African and Caribbean dance, or include stunts as a part of individual routines. The speed of the step depends upon the desired beat and rhythm of the performers. Some forms of stepping include the use of props, such as canes, rhythm sticks and/or fire and blindfolds.

The tradition of stepping is rooted within the competitive schoolyard song and dance rituals practiced by historically African American fraternities and sororities, beginning in the 1900s.

Stepping
Stepping finds its origins in a combination of military close-order and exhibition drill. It also originally drew heavily from the stage routines and movements of popular R&B groups such as The Temptations and The Four Tops. During the mid-20th century, historically black fraternities and sororities on United States college campuses traditionally sang and chanted to celebrate "crossing over" into membership of their respective organizations. Stepping is also performed by schools, churches, cheerleading squads, and drill teams.

History
Stepping gained its distinctive percussive style after the 1739 Stono Rebellion in South Carolina. There, 20 enslaved people organized a rebellion near the banks of Stono River, banging on drums as they marched down the streets. The noise attracted a larger crowd of enslaved people who joined the revolution, and also of white colonists who killed most of the rebels. In the aftermath, lawmakers outlawed drumming as well as the right to own one, in order to eliminate it as a source of communication between enslaved persons. Following the ban, the percussive dance form (known today as stepping) began to emerge as enslaved people replaced the drums with their bodies.

In the early 1900s, the inception of black Greek organizations changed stepping into the style that many recognize today. NPHC fraternities and sororities had "Greek Sings," and this tradition gradually came to be used to celebrate initiations into the world of Greeks. The chapters would gather on campus and sing uplifting songs and cheers about their fraternity or sorority. In later years when the Greeks sung songs, they added movements such as walking in a circle and clapping hands. The sororities were singing songs up to the early eighties, and all of the sororities still have traditional songs that they sing today. Meanwhile, the fraternities began to add movement to their songs. In later years "Greek Sings" became "Greek Shows" which were a major event and still are to this day. The first official Greek Show was held at Howard University in 1976. Stepping has been popularized by National Pan-Hellenic Council member organizations who give tributes to their historical Greek letter organizations and also perform at local and national competitions. Stepping has become popular among the Greek organizations to show spirit and pride in their fraternity or sorority.

The most popular step routines have been passed down, and many of the songs are still used and housed in each fraternity's and sorority's history archives. Many times a step performance ends or incorporates the use of a chant that is associated with the respective organization. A chant is a song that is worded or has a rhythm specific to that organization. Each particular organization has their own.

Over time, more and more organizations have created moves to continue this growing passion; however, certain steps and moves originated and are considered signature to particular organizations. For example, "The Alpha Train" is a staple of Alpha Phi Alpha, "the Q Hop" is originally from Omega Psi Phi fraternity, "The Nut Cracker" is unique to Phi Beta Sigma fraternity, "The Dove" is unique to Zeta Phi Beta sorority, and "The Poodle Prance" is a signature move of Sigma Gamma Rho sorority.

In 2019, stepping advanced its movements with the creation of the World of Step, which is an international community focused on embracing the inclusivity of step step as defined as using your body as an instrument to create sound. Once established, it opened its doors in connecting Haka, Zapateo Peruano, Taino Culture, Irish Step Dance and much more. Now it serves as the largest competition in the world with operations in United States, Senegal and Belgium along with participation of over 1 million votes.

With the push of step becoming inclusive in the dance world, the copyright office has an official language of step called: Remo System, created under the company Art of Stepping which teaches step through a written language. In addition, in 2019 the 1st ever step mobile app to help support the language of step was launched on Android app.

Contests
The first nationally syndicated stepping contest, S.T.O.M.P., aired in 1992 was created by Frank Mercardo Valdes, produced by the World African Network and Vic Bulluck and choreographed by Vernon Jackson and Jimmy Hamilton of the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, Pi Kappa Chapter. Again they were also known as Step by Step Stomp aired 1992-1996.

World of Step International Competition, serves as the largest competition for step that includes the following countries: USA, Spain, Peru, Senegal, Korea, Kenya, Canada, Belgium with expansion in Italy and Ireland which was created by Jessica 'REMO' Saul, Founder of Art of Stepping and member of Omega Phi Beta sorority.

Stepping influence in other cultures
Stepping is a complex performance that melds folk traditions with popular culture and involves synchronized percussive movement, singing, speaking, chanting, and drama. Developed by African American fraternities and sororities, it is now practiced worldwide. For example, the tradition has been emulated by Latino fraternities and sororities such as Lambda Sigma Upsilon fraternity and Omega Phi Beta sorority which was led and created by Jessica 'REMO' Saul, Founder of Art of Stepping, World of Step and World of Step Media. This has led to an increase in participation of Latino Greek organizations in step show events, with groups often adding influences from Salsa, Merengue, Bachata, as well as other traditionally Latino music. Latino Greeks are performing in more step shows, stroll competitions, and social functions on college campuses throughout the United States. Stepping has also been emulated by white, Multicultural, and Asian fraternities and sororities.

title: Stepping (African-American)


text:
Neil Lewis

Neil Lewis may refer to:

 * Sir Neil Elliott Lewis (1858–1935), Australian politician
 * Neil Lewis (footballer) (born 1974), English football defender
 * Neil Lewis (journalist) former journalist with the New York Times

title: Neil Lewis


text:
Jason Peninsula

Jason Peninsula (-66.16667°N, -61°W) is a large peninsula on the east coast of Graham Land comprising several mainly snow-covered summits. It rises above the Larsen Ice Shelf and extends from the narrow neck of land east of Medea Dome for 42 nmi, terminating in Cape Framnes. This feature was first seen from seaward on December 1, 1893, by Carl Anton Larsen, who named one of the high peaks "Mount Jason" after his ship, the Jason. Larsen was too distant to map the area in detail, but in 1902 the Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskiöld observed the area from Borchgrevink Nunatak and reported the peaks seen by Larsen to be separated from the mainland. The name "Jason Island" was subsequently used for Larsen's discovery, but in 1955 the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey determined this feature to be a large peninsula.

title: Jason Peninsula


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Everlasting Regret

Everlasting Regret is a 2005 Hong Kong film directed by Stanley Kwan, and produced by Jackie Chan. It is based on Wang Anyi's 1995 novel The Song of Everlasting Sorrow, about a woman's turbulent life in 20th century Shanghai.

The film participated in the 62nd Venice International Film Festival and was shown at the 41st Chicago International Film Festival.

Cast

 * Sammi Cheng – Wang Qiyao
 * Tony Leung Ka-fai – Cheng Shilu (Mr. Cheng)
 * Hu Jun – Li Zhongde (Director Li)
 * Daniel Wu – Kang Mingxun
 * Huang Jue – "Old Colour"
 * Su Yan – Jiang Lili
 * Huang Yi – Weiwei
 * Yumiko Cheng – Zhang Yonghong
 * Wu Jing – Wang Qiyao's mother
 * Lan Yan (as extra)

title: Everlasting Regret


text: Category:Boston Doves players

title: Category:Boston Doves players


text: Category:Dennis Wilson albums

title: Category:Dennis Wilson albums


text:
Chang Hen Ge (poem)

Chang Hen Ge is a literary masterpiece from the Tang dynasty by the famous Chinese poet Bai Juyi (772–846). It retells the love story between Emperor Xuanzong of Tang and his favorite concubine Yang Guifei (719–756). This long narrative poem is dated from 809.

Influence
A long list of literary, political, visual, musical and film works have been based on or referenced by Chang Hen Ge. Immediately after the poem had been written, its influence spread. Bai Juyi's friend Chen Hong (fl. 810s) created a dramatic version, Chang Hen Zhuan, which later inspired Rain on the Paulownia Tree (Wutong Yu) by Bai Pu (1226–after 1306) and The Palace of Eternal Youth (Changsheng Dian) by Hong Sheng (洪昇, 1645–1704). Painter Li Yishi (李毅士, 1886–1942) illustrated the poem with a series of thirty paintings. In classical music the poem has been set as a cantata by Huang Zi (1933) and as an orchestral song by Mo Fan (1991). The poem is referenced in the writings of Mao Zedong.

Author Madeleine Thien quotes from the poem in the closing pages of her award-winning 2016 novel, Do Not Say We Have Nothing.

Wang Anyi's 1995 novel The Song of Everlasting Sorrow shares the same title as the poem (長恨歌) but tells a story about a woman's turbulent life in 20th-century Shanghai. It was adapted into the 2005 Hong Kong film Everlasting Regret.

The poem is central to the plot of Legend of the Demon Cat. In this 2017 historical fantasy film directed by Chen Kaige, the poet Bai Juyi is solving a murder case together with monk Kūkai. Throughout the film, Bai Juyi is struggling to finish his poem about the legendary beauty of Yang Guifei, without realizing that the murder case is also related to her death, a generation ago.

It had a great influence on Japanese literature during the Heian period, including Genji Monogatari.

Interpretation
The poem might have look like it retells the love story between Emperor Xuanzong of Tong and his favorite concubine Yang Guifei. But actually the poem reveals Bai Juyi's disappointment towards the Tang Goverenment at that time. According to The Notes of Song of Everlasting Sorrow by Zhou Tian, the poem's opening section was sarcastic about Tang Xuanzhong's excesses due to his passion for Concubine Yang and his disregard for his royal duties. However, the poem's second section concentrates on the romantic tale of the two lovers. Zhou Tian believed that Bai Juyi was using this part to show that Concubine Yang was alluring and accountable for the Tang dynasty's downfall in life and death.

title: Chang Hen Ge (poem)


text:
Category:Boston Red Caps players

This category is for players for the Boston Red Caps (1876–1882).

title: Category:Boston Red Caps players


text:
Category:Boston Red Stockings players

Players for the Boston Red Stockings during the five seasons of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players ("National Association" baseball league), 1871 – 1875.

The Boston club continued to field professional teams in the National League, 1876 to 1952, before relocating to Milwaukee and later to Atlanta.

These players are commonly considered "major leaguers" although MLB does not count the NA as a major league.

title: Category:Boston Red Stockings players


text:
Un Monde parfait

"Un Monde parfait" ("A Perfect World" in English) is a 2005 song recorded by French young artist Ilona Mitrecey. Based on a traditional Neapolitan song, it was the first single from her debut album Un monde parfait and was released on 28 February 2005. It was immediately a very big hit in France and Belgium (Wallonia), where it remained for several months atop of the chart, thus becoming one of the biggest-selling singles there. It was also released in many other European countries and achieved success, in Switzerland, Austria, Portugal and Germany where it was a top three hit. It was the best-selling single of the 21st century in France, with 1.5 million copies sold. Ilona was only 10 years old when she sang the song.

Background and writing
In 2004, one year after its recording in France, the single had already been released in Italy, under the name 'Très Bien featuring Ilona'. Originally, it was intended for the Italian dancefloors.

During an interview, Ilona explained that, before "Un Monde parfait", she sang just for fun with her friends. She confided that she recorded "Un Monde parfait" completely by chance and she did that only for play. Her father's society had asked whether she could sing this song from Italy. As she had already sung for some advertisements, she accepted, saying to herself that it could be funny to try.

Music and video

The French charts specialist Elia Habib explains that this song "mixes an involving sonority resembling Daddy DJ with a text in the spirit of a nursery rhyme". It created "the major surprise of the beginning of spring 2005".

The music video is computer-animated and shows a little girl who will feature in all the other videoclips of the singles from the album Un Monde parfait. Ilona features only in the first seconds. She explained that the producers had decided to make most of the video a cartoon because it tallied well with the lyrics and that would preserve her anonymity.

Ilona says in this song that when she starts to draw, she imagines a perfect world populated of technicolor flowers and animals. Six of these animals also appear in Ilona's all other music videos and on every cover of the singles from Un Monde parfait.

Chart performance
In France, "Un Monde parfait" entered the chart to number two on 27 February 2005 and climbed to number one the following week, a position it hold for 15 weeks. It remained on the top ten for 28 weeks and on the top 100 for 41 weeks, becoming the single's longest chart run in France in 2005. It was the best selling single that year and was certified Diamond disc by Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique, and eventually became the best best-selling single of the 21st century in France, with 1,500,000 units sold. According to author and expert of French charts Elia Habib, Ilona, who was 11 years old in 2005, remains "the first native of the Nineties to reach number one of the [French Singles Chart]. Through her age, she now appears in Record books, [because she is] the second youngest artist to peak at the top position, behind Jordy (four years old)". "Un Monde parfait" was also cited as the most lucrative song of 2006 at the time of a conference given by the SACEM.

In Belgium (Wallonia), the single remained on the Ultratop 40 Singles Chart for 32 weeks and topped the chart for 12 weeks. It was certified Silver disc and ranked second on the 2005 year-end chart, behind Crazy Frog's "Axel F". On the Swiss Singles Chart, the single went to number 16 on 3 April 2005, reached a peak of number three on 1 May and fell off the chart after 34 weeks. It appeared on the Austrian Top 75 Singles Chart for 22 weeks and reached number three twice. One year later, in July 2006, the single made a short appearance of two weeks on the Dutch Mega Top 100, peaking at number 92.

TV performances and cover versions
Le 6/9, a French team, recorded a parody of this song, under the title "Un Casting parfait". This version peaked at number six on the French SNEP Singles Chart and at number 78 in Switzerland.

The song was covered by Les Enfoirés on their album 2011: Dans l'œil des Enfoirés, and included in the medley "Un monde Parfait". The song was performed by Alizée & Claire Keim, with additional vocals from Grégoire, Christophe Maé & Pascal Obispo.

Formats and track listings

 * CD single - France

 * CD maxi Universal

 * CD maxi 1 Atollo / Universal

 * CD maxi 2 Atollo / Universal

 * 12" maxi

 * Digital download

Credits and personnel

 * Original version
 * Written by Laurent Jeanne, M. Pirolla, Domydee, R. Castagnola
 * Executive producer : Ivan Russo
 * Assistant producer : Ivan Russo and Rosario Castagnola
 * Produced at Studio Moneypenny (Paris)
 * Vocal : Ilona
 * Choir : Laurent Jeanne
 * Guitars and bass : Rosario Castagnola
 * Fisa : Antonio Russo
 * Arrangements : Ivan Russo, Domydee and Rosario Castagnola, at Studio Atollo Recordes
 * Mixed by Ivan Russo at Studio Atollo Recording (Neaple)
 * Whistler remix / Party remix / Extended mix / Blade remix
 * Remix and additional production by Glasperlen-spierlern (Robert Wässer, Daniel Scholz and Kay Wittgenstein

 * 72 fest & forios radio edit
 * Remix and additional production by P. Aliberti, Cipro and C. Piccinelli for 72trax Productions
 * Original editors : Universal Music Italia Srl / Atollo / Moneypenny
 * Cover and design
 * Photo : Stéphane Gizard
 * Artwork : Objectif Lune
 * Design elements and graphique : Studio Nestor for Costume3pièces, Courtesy for Scorpio Music
 * Videoclip
 * Produced by Stéphane Mit

title: Un Monde parfait


text:
User:ElastiGirl

Hello :)

I'm pretty new here, am looking forward to being of some use I hope.

I live in the UK and I'm a recent graduate from the University of Southampton, where I studied Mathematics and Astronomy.

I'm hoping to contribute to some articles on current events in astronomy, but I'm also a big fan of the celeb world, and am equally at home studying group theory or Girls Aloud. Am hoping I might be able to give some constructive (?!) input here.

Take care all

The lunar eclipse of Piye
Hi Elastigirl, this is Michael... Mmcannis, in Arizona, USA. I finally got King, Pharaoh "Piankhi"'s name correct. Apparently there was an earlier High Priest type called "Piankh",too. Anyway, Piye, 752 to 721 BC, ( who used to be called "Piankhi" ), went to the Nile Delta to do war, then returned (to the South, Kush) for his " Victory Stela " writings, a long, long autobiography. it does mention the night time eclipse of the moon. ( The page Tefnakhte speaks of the year of his Stele, (Year 20 of Piye) .)... So 752 (- 20 years) is about 732 BC (The eclipse then occurred before the Stele of 732) for the year of the Stele.(In proofreading i see the time is prior to 732)  I'll add this info to the Talk:Lunar eclipse page. Enjoy,  :)   Michael McAnnis,YumaAZ....Mmcannis 03:48, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:ElastiGirl


text:
File:Unmondeparfait.jpg

Summary
Cover of Un monde parfait.

Rationale of fair use for Un Monde parfait

 * 1) No free or public domain images have been located for this single.
 * 2) The image is of lower resolution than the original cover.
 * 3) The image does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the single in any way.
 * 4) For an article about a single, the cover artwork is very important and adds significantly to the article.
 * 5) The image is of lower resolution than the original cover. Copies made from it will be of inferior quality, and could not be used as artwork on illegal CD or vinyl copies of the single.
 * 6) This image is used on various websites, so its use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible than it already is. The cover is being used for informational purposes only.

title: File:Unmondeparfait.jpg


text:
Cape Disappointment

Cape Disappointment can refer to:
 * Cape Disappointment (Washington), at the mouth of the Columbia River in western Washington State
 * Cape Disappointment State Park, a state park occupying most of Cape Disappointment commemorating its historical significance
 * Cape Disappointment (South Georgia)
 * Cape Disappointment (South Orkney Islands)
 * Cape Disappointment (Antarctica)

title: Cape Disappointment


text:
Cape Disappointment (Antarctica)

Cape Disappointment (-65.55°N, -61.71667°W) is a cape which marks the tip of the ice-covered Akra Peninsula lying between Exasperation Inlet and Scar Inlet, on the east coast of Graham Land. It was discovered in 1902 by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition, under Otto Nordenskiöld, and so named by him because he encountered many difficult crevasses in approaching the cape.

title: Cape Disappointment (Antarctica)


text:
User talk:ElastiGirl

Welcome, ElastiGirl!
Hello ElastiGirl, welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like it here and stick around. If you want, you can drop us a note at New user log to introduce yourself.

Before you start doing a lot of editing, you might want to take the Tutorial. It gives a lot of basic info you'll want to get you oriented on Wikipedia.

Here're some handy links:
 * Help:Contents is the list of all of the information you need to use Wikipedia.
 * How to edit a page gives editing help.
 * Manual of Style gives formatting info.
 * Policies and guidelines tell about the principles we operate on. It's important, but don't try to read it all now.
 * Help desk is a good place to ask questions.
 * Show preview explains how to double-check your edits before saving, which is often an important feature.

Remember to sign your name on talk pages by typing " ~~~ " for your username and " ~~~~ " for your username and a timestamp (which is mostly preferred).

Feel free to drop me a question on my talk page. I'll answer if I'm here.

Take care, --Blackcap | talk 13:07, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

A Note of Lunar eclipse
Well the power or the W W W ! Hello, Michael in Sunny,Hot ArizonaUSA. I just was wandering through User_talk,   the Welcomepage,etc. I am new to Wiki, and have been editting pages, like on the British Mus. Rosetta Stone, also the Epic of Gilgamesh. If you look, you'll see I have been busy in the previous 2 + 5 years (of Study, Wikipedia 2 mos). The Akkadian in the Epic is Tuff, but I saw stuff from Afghan. during our U.S. war that was from the Amarna letters, from 1350 BC. And did u know that Mecca has a Meteorite in it. The word meteorite is used 10 times in Epic of G. Chp 1, 2 times in chapter 2. Mrs. Kovacs translation is wonderfull, You should read what it says about the Meteorite: starting line 125,  " and some kind of meteorite(?) of Anu fell next to me, I tried to lift it, but it was too mighty for me, I tried to turn it over but I could not budge it (IRON), The Land of Uruk was standing around it,...and kissed its feet as if it were a little baby(?), I loved it and embraced it as a wife." Anyway Mecca is a Meteorite.(It was sacred before the Muslims.)

At the Talk:Lunar eclipse I entered a note about Piankhi 1074-1070 BC, a Kush-ite pharaoh who went north to the Nile delta. on returning he wrote a 40 -page autobiography on a stela and a lunar eclipse is mentioned. Maybe You can assist a friend find out about the lunar eclipses from 1074-1070, and what season ? The translation is in the James Henry Breasted. see the Talk, Lunar eclipse. Anyhow.... Hello from Arizona, (Also coolname: ElastiGirl ! ) this is Michael McAnnis...Mmcannis 19:27, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:ElastiGirl


text:
Mobile, Arizona

Sonoran Valley, also referred to as Mobile, is a community in the southern planning area of Goodyear, Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. It is situated about 35 miles southwest of Phoenix, Arizona, and has a population of less than 100. Sonoran Valley is also home to a number of landfills. Lufthansa operates a private airport to the north of Sonoran Valley, used for pilot training by student pilots of Lufthansa Flight Training, All Nippon Airways and KLM being based in Goodyear. Its ICAO airport code is 1AZ0, and features ILS on runway 9.

History
Mobile was founded in the 1930s as an area for African-Americans to live. Notable African-American woman of Mobile, Rebecca Dallis, taught in Casa Grande c. 1939. Local lore has it that some of its early residents were African-Americans from Mobile, Alabama. However, researchers have found that railroad companies referred to the area as "Mobile" almost a decade before the first permanent settler in the area in the 1920s. In the 1930s, two railroad cars were used for two separate schoolhouses (one black and one for whites), and the population of local homesteaders reached about 100. By the 1950s the town was booming with almost 400 inhabitants, but the lack of employment, running water and educational facilities (no education past 8th grade) led to the exodus of most of the original residents and their descendants.

In 2007, Sonoran Valley was annexed into the city of Goodyear as part of a 67 mi2 expansion, part of an agreement with Montage Holdings, a local developer, to develop a planned community in the area. The planned community, named Amaranth, envisioned as a self-sustaining community with a regional mall, employment centers and eventually home to over 50,000 people, has been placed on hold until at least 2010 due to economic slowdown. The delay, as well as the developer's inability to meet financial obligations to the city, has forced Goodyear to cut back on emergency services to the area.

Geography
Sonoran Valley is located at geographical coordinates 33° 3' 19" N 112° 16' 16" W (33.055301, -112.271102). The private airstrip is located at 33° 6'43.27"N 112°16'8.66"W (33.111720, -112.269517).

Transportation
Sonoran Valley is accessible by car from State Route 238.

title: Mobile, Arizona