text:
Judit Mascó

Judit Mascó i Palau (born 12 October 1969) is a Spanish model, television host and writer from Barcelona.

Early career
Mascó grew up in a middle class family, daughter of a headmaster. Her debut was at age 13 in a television commercial. She began her studies as a model at the Francina International Modeling Agency's School.

International career
Mascó appeared in the 1990 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue as the cover model. She also appeared in the 1991, 1992, 1994, and 1995 editions. This cover launched her worldwide and was hired for advertising campaigns, including Max Mara, Laurèl by Escada, Armand Bassi, Betty Barclay, Georges Rech, Mango, Majestic and Palmers Lingerie. She kept been the face of advertising campaigns including Natura Bissé, El Corte Inglés, Clairol, Lancaster, Trident, Fila, Clarins and Timotei. Mascó has been on the cover of US Vogue. She has been in fashion magazines like Elle, Harper's Bazaar, Cleo, Woman, Glamour, Marie Claire, Sposabella, Telva, Ocean Drive, New Woman and Amica.

Mascó has worked with the most well-known photographers in the fashion industry in the 1990s, such as Hans Feurer, Gilles Bensimon, Ellen Von Unwerth, Bruce Weber, Oliviero Toscani, Steven Meisel, Fabrizio Ferri, Albert Watson or Patrick Demarchelier among others. As a catwalk model she appeared in shows for major designers as Armani, Dolce & Gabbana, Valentino, Max Mara, Carolina Herrera, Escada, Sportmax, Byblos, Loewe or Anne Klein.

Modeling after 30
Mascó is regarded as one of the best Spanish models of the 1990s and still appears in print occasionally. She became the exclusive spokesmodel for the cosmetics brand Natura Bissé from 2004 until 2008. At the time she worked for Swarovski among others. In 2009 she signed for Olay.

Acting career
She played supporting roles in Después del sueño (After the Dream) and El largo invierno (The Long Winter of '39), two Spanish films from the early 1990s.

Television career
Mascó's television career began collaborating in the fashion section of TV shows. She made several appearances in Spanish TV series as herself. In 2006 and 2007, she hosted the reality television show Supermodelo in Cuatro TV. She left the show the one season before it was canceled in 2008. That year she hosted the show "Els 25" (The 25) in TV3 (Catalonia). Currently, Masco can be seen on television as the hostess of La 2's TV show Actívate.

Awards
Mascó received the prestigious Elle Woman of the Year Award in 2003 and the Protagonistas Award in 2009 for her activism.

Activism
Outside of TV, modeling, and writing, Mascó is involved in social change efforts. She is a board member of several international nongovernmental organizations such as the Vicente Ferrer Foundation, the Asociación de Donantes de Riñón Españoles (Association of Spanish Kidney Donors), Amics de la Gent Gran(Friends of the Elderly) and the Caravana Solidaria al África Occidental (West Africa Solidarity Caravan). In addition she is the president of the Festival of Childhood and Youth, held in Barcelona and advisory board member of Oxfam Spain. In 2000 she traveled to Florida to meet with Spanish citizen Joaquin José Martínez, at the time imprisoned in the death row, to alert the media of an unfair death sentence for two murders he did not commit. In 2001 the Florida Supreme Court acquitted him of all charges.

Writing
Mascó has written two books. In 2004, her memoir, El Libro de Judit Mascó (Judit Mascó's book), was published. In 2009, she released her second book, Modelo (Model).

Personal life
She is married to lawyer Eduardo Vicente, who was a high school classmate of her brother. They have four daughters.

title: Judit Mascó


text: User talk:167.93.84.166

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:167.93.84.166


text:
User talk:Owl-syme

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

I noticed nobody had said hi yet... Hi!

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If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf melmac 10:23, 15 October 2005 (UTC).
 * thanks alf - so many interesting things going on behind the scenes here... ffangs 14:09, 18 October 2005 (UTC)ffangs
 * No problem ffangs - takes a time to realise just how much. Alf melmac 15:17, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Psychology Wiki
Hi Fangs,

I noticed that you are possibly going to grad school to study Neuroscience, and thought you might be interested in this project which I am involved in, The Psychology Wiki.

I won't say too much, as I'd like you to judge it for yourself, but you should find that it is different from Wikipedia, because approximately 90% of our contributors so far are professional psychologists, academics, or students and trainees.

Its hosted by a company called Wikia, which was founded by Jimmy Wales and Angela Beesley. There are Google Ads on the site, but we dont make money from the project, they're just to pay for the bandwidth, storage and technical support that Wikia give us.

Have a look and see what you think

Mostly Zen 23:59, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

 * thanks, that looks pretty interesting, especially the ability to add personal experiences ffangs 16:24, 17 August 2006 (UTC)ffangs

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Proposed deletion of Boo Trundle

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Nomination of Mocha (JavaScript framework) for deletion
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title: User talk:Owl-syme


text:
Gregg Harris

Gregg Eugene Harris (born November 23, 1952) is an American Christian businessman who was a major figure in the Christian homeschooling movement from 1981 through the mid-1990s.

Career
Harris served as a teaching elder at Gresham Household of Faith, which was an experiment in local church reform. According to the Home School Legal Defense Association, his work helped launch the Christian homeschooling movement in the United States, Canada, Australia and Mexico. Over 180,000 families attended his seminars. His book The Christian Home School was a Christian Booksellers Association best seller in March 1988. The list was published by the CBA and was on file in the offices of Noble Institute.

Harris was also the director of the Noble Institute, a non-profit educational organization. From 2017 to 2020, Harris was the owner and proprietor of Roosevelt's Terrariums in Portland, Oregon. He later started a new terrarium shop, Silver Falls Terrarium.

Delight-directed study
One of the main ideas promoted by Gregg Harris is the principle of delight-directed study. This is the basis of Harris's homeschool, child training, and church reform activities.

Harris bases this principle on Psalm 111:2, "Great are the works of the LORD, they are pondered by all who delight in them." He reasons that because God is good, everything that is necessary for human life is also a source of pleasure. It is when the pleasures of God are separated from the purposes of God for those pleasures that an activity becomes sinful, "God dishonoring", and self-destructive.

Harris interprets this principle to state that boredom is the absence of learning (or mental hunger) and loneliness the absence of social connectedness (or social hunger). Therefore, education and study, for good or ill, is nurtured best through what he calls the "power of companionship" among "fellow enthusiasts". All of these ideas are laid out in his various seminars and workshops as described on the blog of Noble Institute.

According to his principle, many social ills are actually the negative consequences of delight-directed study among foolish, often age-segregated people, (e.g. drug abuse and gang membership), while many of the greatest human accomplishments are the consequence of delight-directed study among wise, age-integrated fellow enthusiasts (e.g. in science clubs, hobby groups and other affinity groups). Harris argues that this is why academic and hobby clubs are often more effective than classes offered on the same subjects. The social forces in a classroom are often at odds with its very purpose, whereas the social forces in a well-run club are more supportive of excellence in the topic of interest to the club.

Personal life
Some of Gregg Harris's seven children have gained recognition. His oldest son Joshua Harris is a former pastor and author of I Kissed Dating Goodbye. His twin sons, Alex and Brett Harris (born in 1989), are founders of The Rebelution, a Christian teen website and authors of the book Do Hard Things': A Teenage Rebellion Against Low Expectations.

In addition to his seven children, Gregg Harris has 6 step-children and 19 grandchildren. Gregg's wife, Sono, died on July 4, 2010, after a short battle with cancer. Gregg and Sono's three younger children Sarah, Isaac, and James live in Gresham, Oregon.

In 2019, Gregg Harris married Bonnie Schmitt Harris. The couple now live in Silverton, Oregon. The two also started on a new ministry project, The Noble Inn in Silverton, Oregon.

Controversy
In 1995 Harris was one of several named in an anti-trust suit by Cheryl Lindsey Seelhoff. Seelhoff's business, which promoted home education and traditional family life, had suffered when her involvement with a man other than her husband became known. After her divorce and remarriage to this man, she brought suit against a number of homeschooling leaders for various causes of action including defamation, slander, intentional infliction of emotional distress, intentional interference with commerce, and violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Seelhoff mentioned Harris in her original complaint. Harris' insurance company settled out of court before legal proceedings began.

title: Gregg Harris


text:
William Elliot Griffis

William Elliot Griffis (September 17, 1843 – February 5, 1928) was an American orientalist, Congregational minister, lecturer, and prolific author.

Early life
Griffis was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of a sea captain and later a coal trader. During the American Civil War, he served two months as a corporal in Company H of the 44th Pennsylvania Militia after Robert E. Lee invaded Pennsylvania in 1863. After the war, he attended Rutgers University at New Brunswick, New Jersey, graduating in 1869. At Rutgers, Griffis was an English and Latin language tutor for, a young samurai from the province of Echizen (part of modern Fukui).

After a year of travel in Europe, he studied at the seminary of the Reformed Church in America in New Brunswick (known today as the New Brunswick Theological Seminary).

William Griffis died on February 5, 1928, in Winter Park, Florida; after his death, his body was sent to Schenectady, New York, for burial. He is buried at Vale Cemetery along with his first wife, Katherine Lyra Stanton, his son John and his second wife, Sarah Francis King, after the death of Katherine in 1898 along with several other family members.

Modernizer in Japan
In September 1870 Griffis was invited to Japan by Matsudaira Shungaku, for the purpose of organizing schools along modern lines. In 1871, he was Superintendent of Education in the province of Echizen. In recompense, he was provided with a salary of $2,400, a house in Fukui and a horse.

In 1872–74, Griffis taught chemistry and physics at Kaisei Gakkō (the forerunner of Tokyo Imperial University). He prepared the New Japan Series of Reading and Spelling Books, 5 vols. (1872). He also published primers for Japanese students of the English language; and he and contributed to the Japanese press and to newspapers and magazines in the United States numerous papers of importance on Japanese affairs.

Griffis was joined by his sister, Margaret Clark Griffis, who became a teacher at the Tokyo Government Girls' School (later to become the Peeresses' School). By the time they left Japan in 1874, Griffis had befriended many of Japan's future leaders.

Griffis was a member of the Asiatic Society of Japan, the Asiatic Society of Korea, the Historical Society of the Imperial University of Tokyo, and the Meirokusha.

Education and ministry
Returning to the United States, Griffis attended Union Theological Seminary; and after finishing his studies in 1877, he was called to the ministry in a series of churches—at the First Reformed Church, Schenectady, New York (1877–1886); at the Shawmut Congregational Church, Boston, Massachusetts (1886–1893); and at the First Congregational Church, Ithaca, New York (1893–1903). Concurrently, at Union College in 1884, he earned a higher degree, Doctor of Divinity (D.D.). Rutgers awarded him an honorary degree, Doctor of Humane Letters (L.H.D.) in 1899.

Writing and lectures
In 1903 he resigned from the active ministry to devote himself exclusively to writing and lecturing. His books on Japan and Japanese culture were complemented with extensive college and university lecture circuit itineraries. In addition to his own books and articles during this period, he also joined Inazo Nitobe in crafting what became his most well-known book, Bushido: The Soul of Japan.

In 1907, the Japanese government conferred the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette, which represents the fourth highest of eight classes associated with the award.

The prolific writer was also a prolific traveller, making eleven trips to Europe—primarily to visit the Netherlands. In 1898, he was present at the enthronement of Queen Wilhelmina; and he attended the Congress of Diplomatic History. He was among the group of Bostonians who wanted to commemorate the Pilgrims' roots in Holland; and the work was rewarded with the dedication of a memorial at Delfshaven and the placement of five other bronze historical tablets in 1909. He was one of four Americans elected to the Netherlands Society of Letters in Leiden.

In 1923 Griffis published "The Story of the Walloons: At Home in Lands of Exile and in America". In this work he reveals the long history and contributions of these Belgians. The last half of the book relates the story of New Belgium (Nova Belgica) in America, the first settlers of Manhattan being a group of Protestant Walloons who petitioned the Dutch West India Company to be sent to establish a colony in the New World. These Walloons were sent to Manhattan as well as to other smaller locations on the Delaware, Hudson and Connecticut Rivers. They sailed out of Leiden, Netherlands in 1624. Griffis draws parallels to the thoughts of government and freedom of the Walloons and the US Constitution of 1787, and how their ideas made a lasting contribution to this country, though at the time (1923) the Walloons were generally unknown and overshadowed by the Dutch and later, English. This remains true to a great degree even today.

In 1926, Griffis was invited to return to Japan; and on this trip, the Japanese government conferred a second decoration. He was presented with the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon, which represents the third highest of eight classes. A private rail car was provided by the Japanese government, and he visited several cities in the course of this return trip.

Griffis was a founding member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters (later to become the American Academy of Arts and Letters), the American Historical Association, and the U.S. Naval Institute. He died at his winter home in Florida in 1928.

Family
One of Griffis' two sons, Stanton Griffis, would become U.S. Ambassador to Poland, Egypt, Spain and Argentina under President Truman. Stanton Griffis was ambassador to Argentina while Juan and Eva Peron were in power and wrote of his experiences in a book titled Lying In State. The other son, John, became a composer.

Honors

 * Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon, 1926.
 * Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette, 1907.

Time-line chronology
Griffis' life and publications are here organized chronologically.
 * 1843 - Born September 17 in Philadelphia, the fourth child of seven and second son to John Limeburner Griffis and Anna Maria (Hess) Griffis.
 * 1850 - Observes the launching of the USS Susquehanna in Philadelphia. The Susquehanna, the largest steamship yet commissioned by the US Navy, was to be Commodore Matthew C. Perry's flagship on the 1853-1854 Naval Expedition to Japan.
 * 1860 - Sees the Shogun's Mission, the first Japanese Embassy to the US, when it visits Philadelphia.
 * 1863 - Serves in Pennsylvania's 44th Regiment in the Civil War.
 * 1866 - Enters Rutgers College.
 * 1869 - Graduates with AB (Bachelor of Arts degree) from Rutgers College. In the summer, tours Europe with his sister, Margaret Clark Griffis, and family friend, Edward Warren Clark.
 * 1870 - Sails for Japan to organize schools in Echizen.
 * 1871 - Named Superintendent of Education in Echizen.
 * 1872 - Awarded AM (Master of Arts degree) from Rutgers College. Publishes, in Yokohama, The New Japan Primer and The New Japan Pictorial Primer.
 * 1872-74 - Serves as Professor of Physics at the Imperial University, Tokyo. In 1872, Griffis's sister Margaret Clark Griffis joins him in Tokyo, and is appointed teacher, and then principal, of the first government school for girls (to become the Tokyo Female Normal School).
 * 1873 - Publishes The Tokio Guide and The Yokohama Guide (Yokohama).
 * 1874 - Griffis and Margaret Clark Griffis return to America.
 * 1876 - Publishes The Mikado's Empire.
 * 1877 - Graduates from Union Theological Seminary.
 * 1877-86 - Serves as Pastor of the First Reformed Church, Schenectady, NY
 * 1879 - Marries Katherine L. Stanton (1859–98)
 * 1880 - Publishes Japanese Fairy World: Thirty-five Stories from the Wonderlore of Japan
 * 1882 - Publishes Corea: the Hermit Nation
 * 1883 - Lillian Eyre Griffis (daughter) born in Schenectady
 * 1884 - Awarded DD (Doctorate of Divinity) from Union College
 * 1885 - Publishes Corea: Without and Within
 * 1886-93 - Serves as Pastor of the Shawmut Congregational Church in Boston, MA
 * 1887 - Stanton Griffis (first son) born in Boston. Publishes Matthew Calbraith Perry: A Typical American Naval Officer
 * 1889 - Publishes The Lily Among Thorns: A Study of the Biblical Drama Entitled "The Song of Songs"
 * 1890 - Publishes Honda the Samurai: A Story of Modern Japan
 * 1891 - Publishes Sir William Johnson and the Six Nations, and an edition of The Arabian Nights
 * 1892 - Publishes Japan: In History, Folklore and Art
 * 1893 - John Elliot Griffis (second son) born in Boston
 * 1893-1903 - Serves as Pastor of the First Congregational Church, Ithaca, NY
 * 1894 - Publishes Brave Little Holland and What She Taught Us
 * 1895 - Publishes The Religions of Japan From the Dawn of History to the Era of Meiji: Shinto, Buddhism and Confucianism, and Townsend Harris, First American Envoy in Japan [an edition of Harris's journals]
 * 1897 - Publishes The Romance of Discovery: A Thousand Years of Exploration and the Unveiling of Continents
 * 1898 - Publishes Charles Carlton Coffin: War Correspondent, Traveller, Author and Statesman; The Romance of American Colonization; The Pilgrims in Their Three Homes. Katherine Stanton Griffis dies in Ithaca on December 9
 * 1899 - Publishes America in the East: A Glance at Our History, Prospects, Problems and Duties in the Pacific Ocean; The Romance of Conquest: The Story of American Expansion Through Arms and Diplomacy
 * 1899 - Awarded LHD by Rutgers College
 * 1900 - Marries Sarah Frances King (1868–1959). Publishes The American in Holland: Sentimental Rambles in the Eleven Provinces of the Netherlands; The Pathfinders of the Revolution: A Story of the Great March into the Wilderness and Lake George Region of New York in 1779; and Verbeck of Japan: A Citizen of No Country.
 * 1901 - Publishes In the Mikado's Service: A Story of Two Battle Summers in China.
 * 1902 - Publishes A Maker of the New Orient: Samuel Robbins Brown, Pioneer Educator in China, America, and Japan, the Story of his Life and Work, and Mighty England - Our Old Home.
 * 1903 - Resigns pastorate to write and lecture full-time. Publishes John Chambers: Servant of Christ and Master of Hearts, and his Ministry in Philadelphia; Sunny Memories of Three Pastorates; and Young People's History of Holland.
 * 1904 - Publishes Dux Christus: An Outline Study of Japan.
 * 1907 - Decorated with the Order of the Rising Sun, Fourth Class, by the Emperor of Japan. Publishes The Japanese Nation in Evolution: Steps in the Progress of a Great People, and Christ, the Creator of the New Japan.
 * 1908 - Publishes The Firefly's Lovers and Other Fairy Tales of Old Japan.
 * 1909 - Publishes The Story of New Netherland: The Dutch in America.
 * 1911 - Publishes China's Story in Myth, Legend, Art and Annals, and The Unmannerly Tiger and Other Korean Tales.
 * 1912 - Publishes A Modern Pioneer in Korea: The Life Story of Henry G Appenzeller; Might England: the Story of the English People; The Call of Jesus to Joy; Belgium, the Land of Art.
 * 1913 - Publishes Hepburn of Japan and His Wife and Helpmates: A Life Story of Toil for Christ. Margaret Clark Griffis dies in Ithaca, December 15.
 * 1914 - Publishes The House We Live In, Architect and Tenant: Talks About the Body and the Right Use of It.
 * 1915 - Publishes Millard Fillmore: Constructive Statesman, Defender of the Constitution, President of the US; The Mikado, Institution and Person: A Study of the Internal Political Forces of Japan; The Story of Belgium.
 * 1916 - Publishes Bonnie Scotland and What We Owe Her.
 * 1918 - Publishes Dutch Fairy Tales.
 * 1919 - Publishes Belgian Fairy Tales.
 * 1920 - Publishes Swiss Fairy Tales; Young People's History of the Pilgrims.
 * 1921 - Publishes Welsh Fairy Tales; The Dutch of the Netherlands in the Making of America.
 * 1922 - Publishes Korean Fairy Tales; Japanese Fairy Tales.
 * 1923 - Publishes The Story of the Walloons, at Home, in the Lands of Exile and in America.
 * 1924 - Publishes Proverbs of Japan: A Little Picture of the Japanese Philosophy of Life as Mirrored in Their Proverbs.
 * 1926 - Publishes The American Flag of Stripes and Stars: Mirror of the Nation's History, Symbol of Brotherhood and World Unity.
 * 1926-27 - With Frances King Griffis, journeys to Japan for the second time, stopping in Korea and Manchuria.
 * 1926 - Decorated with the Order of the Rising Sun, Third Class.
 * 1928 - Dies in Winter Park, Florida, February 5.

Published works

 * 1876 -- The Mikado's Empire
 * 1880 -- Japanese Fairy World
 * 1881 -- Asiatic History; China, Korea, and Japan
 * 1882 -- Korea, the Hermit Nation
 * 1885 -- Korea, Without and Within
 * 1887 -- Matthew Calbraith Perry: A Typical American Naval Officer
 * 1889 -- The Lily among Thorns
 * 1890 -- Honda the Samurai: A Story of Modern Japan.
 * 1891 -- Sir William Johnson and the Six Nations
 * 1892 -- Japan in History, Folk-Lore, and Art
 * 1894 -- Brave Little Holland and What she Taught us
 * 1895 -- The Religions of Japan
 * 1895 -- Townsend Harris, First American Envoy in Japan
 * 1897 -- Romance of Discovery
 * 1898 -- Charles Carlton Coffin: War Correspondent, Traveller, Author and Statesman
 * 1898 -- Romance of American Colonization
 * 1898 -- The Pilgrims in their Three Homes
 * 1898 -- The Student's Motley
 * 1899 -- The Romance of Conquest
 * 1899 -- The American in Holland
 * 1899 -- America in the East
 * 1900 -- Verbeck of Japan
 * 1900 -- The Pathfinders of the Revolution
 * 1901 -- In the Mikado's Service
 * 1902 -- A Maker of the New Orient
 * 1903 -- Young People's History of Holland
 * 1903 -- John Chambers
 * 1903 -- Sunny Memories of Three Pastorates
 * 1904 -- Dux Christus: An Outline Study of Japan
 * 1907 -- Japanese Nation in Evolution: Steps in the Progress of a Great People
 * 1908 -- The Fire-fly's Lovers and Other Fairy Tales of Old Japan
 * 1909 -- The Story of New Netherland
 * 1910 -- China's Study in Myth, Legend, Art, and Annuals
 * 1911 -- The Unmannerly Tiger and Other Korean Tales
 * 1912 -- A Modern Pioneer in Korea: The Life Story Of Henry G. Appenzeller
 * 1913 -- Hepburn of Japan
 * 1914 -- The House We Live In Architect and Tenant
 * 1915 -- The Mikado Institution and Person
 * 1915 -- Millard Fillmore: Constructive Statesman, Defender of the Constitution
 * 1916 -- Bonnie Scotland and What We Owe Her
 * 1918 -- Dutch Fairy Tales for young folks
 * 1919 -- Belgian Fairy Tales
 * 1920 -- Young People's History of the Pilgrims
 * 1920 -- Swiss Fairy Tales
 * 1921 -- Welsh Fairy Tales
 * 1921 -- The Dutch of the Netherlands in the Making of America [reprinted by Kessinger Publishing, Whitefish, Montana, 2007. ISBN 978-0-548-61147-0 (paper)]
 * 1922 -- Korean Fairy Tales
 * 1922 -- Japanese Fairy Tales
 * 1923 -- The Story of the Walloons, at Home, in the Lands of Exile and in America
 * 1924 -- Proverbs of Japan: A Little Picture of the Japanese Philosophy of Life as Mirrored in Their Proverbs
 * 1926 -- The American Flag of Stripes and Stars: Mirror of the Nation's History, Symbol of Brotherhood and World Unity

title: William Elliot Griffis


text:
User talk:Maniacmutt

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

I noticed nobody had said hi yet... Hi!

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

You might like some of these links and tips:
 * some General guidance.
 * Tutorial and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary
 * Add the correct image copyright tag to any images you upload
 * Take a look at Consensus of standards
 * Create a User page

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf melmac 10:24, 15 October 2005 (UTC).

title: User talk:Maniacmutt


text:
Joyce Wethered

Joyce Wethered, Lady Heathcoat-Amory (17 November 1901 – 18 November 1997) was a golfer regarded as the leading British woman player of the inter-war period.

Joyce learned the game as a child, as did her brother Roger, who lost a playoff for the 1921 Open Championship. Joyce won the British Ladies Amateur four times (1922, 1924, 1925, and 1929) and the English Ladies' Amateur Championship for five consecutive years (1920–24).

She married Sir John Heathcoat-Amory in 1937, and became Lady Heathcoat-Amory. Her play and swing were greatly admired by Bobby Jones, the American champion of the same era. Jones, who played several exhibition rounds with her, had a very high regard for her game. She essentially retired from competitive play by 1930.

She played most of her golf at (and was a member of) Worplesdon Golf Club in Surrey. She was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1975.

An exhibition of memorabilia can be seen at Knightshayes Court in Devon, where she lived.

Team appearances
Amateur
 * Vagliano Trophy (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 1931 (winners)
 * Curtis Cup (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 1932 (playing captain)
 * Women's Home Internationals (representing England): 1921 (winners), 1922 (winners), 1923 (winners), 1924 (winners), 1925 (winners), 1929 (winners)

title: Joyce Wethered


text:
Edward Pellew, 3rd Viscount Exmouth

Edward Pellew, 3rd Viscount Exmouth (14 February 1811 – 11 February 1876), was a British peer who inherited the title of Viscount Exmouth from his father and held the title for 42 years. He was the grandson of Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth.

Edward Pellew was born on 14 February 1811, the eldest son of Pownoll Pellew, 2nd Viscount Exmouth, and Eliza Harriet Barlow. His father died less than 11 months after inheriting the viscountcy and barony, and Edward acceded to the titles in December 1833. During his lifetime he continued to receive the £2,000 annual pension that had been awarded to the holder of the title of Viscount Exmouth that was first awarded to his grandfather (approximately equal to $228,000 in 2016).

He married Madeline Honorine Dobrowolska of Paris, France (died 22 January 1870), on 8 July 1858 at St. Marylebone Parish Church, Middlesex, England. Her father was Louis Stanislas Dobrowolski.

Edward Pellew died 11 February 1876 in Kensington, London, England. Because he had no children, he was succeeded in his titles by his nephew Edward Fleetwood John Pellew, 4th Viscount Exmouth, the son of Hon. Fleetwood John Pellew, fourth son of the second Viscount Exmouth.

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ

title: Edward Pellew, 3rd Viscount Exmouth


text:
Electoral Rhenish Circle

The Electoral Rhenish Circle (Kurrheinischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire, created in 1512.

The circle derived its name from four of the seven prince-electors whose lands along the Middle Rhine comprised the vast majority of its territory.

Composition
The circle was made up of the following states:

title: Electoral Rhenish Circle


text:
Archibald Boyd-Carpenter

Major Sir Archibald Boyd Boyd-Carpenter (26 March 1873 – 27 May 1937) was a British Conservative Party politician.

Career
The fourth son of William Boyd-Carpenter, Bishop of Ripon and Canon of Westminster, Archibald Boyd-Carpenter was educated at Harrow School and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he was Secretary and President of the Oxford Union. Following college he worked for three years in the editorial staff of the Yorkshire Post.

With the start of the Second Boer War in late 1899, Boyd-Carpenter volunteered for active service and was commissioned with the Imperial Yeomanry, seeing service in South Africa attached to the Highland Light Infantry. He was promoted to captain on 17 April 1901, and was from 1901 to 1902 Staff Captain to Major-General Lord Chesham, and Brigadier General Herbert Belfield while they served as Inspector general of Imperial Yeomanry. For his service in the war, he was mentioned in dispatches and awarded the Queen's medal (with 3 clasps) and the King's medal (with 2 clasps). After the war ended in June 1902, he returned home with Belfield in the SS Kinfauns Castle leaving Cape Town two months later, and relinquished his commission in the Imperial Yeomanry in October 1902. He later served in the First World War.

He was Mayor of Harrogate, 1909–1910 and 1910–1911; Alderman of the Borough and represented Harrogate in West Riding County Council, 1910–1919. He was elected as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Bradford North from 1918 to 1923, for Coventry from 1924 to 1929 and for Chertsey from 1931.

Boyd-Carpenter held ministerial office as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Labour from November 1922 until March 1923, Financial Secretary to the Treasury from March to May 1923, Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty and Paymaster General from May 1923 until January 1924. Boyd-Carpenter was knighted in 1926.

Boyd-Carpenter married Annie Dugdale in 1907 and they had a son and daughter. He died on 27 May 1937 in Harrogate, aged 64. His son, John, was also a Conservative MP and Minister.

title: Archibald Boyd-Carpenter


text:
Soviet destroyer Baku

Baku (Баку) was one of six Leningrad-class destroyer destroyer leaders built for the Soviet Navy during the 1930s, one of the three Project 38 variants. Completed in late 1939, the ship was assigned to the Pacific Fleet. About a year after the German invasion of Russia in June 1941, she was ordered to join the Northern Fleet, sailing through the Arctic Ocean. Together with several other destroyers, Baku left the Soviet Far East in July 1942 and arrived off Murmansk three months later where she began escorting convoys, mostly in the White and Barents Seas. The ship was badly damaged in a storm that sank another Soviet destroyer in November and was under repair for several months. Baku spent most of the rest of the war on convoy escort duties, although she did bombard several German-occupied towns during the Petsamo–Kirkenes Offensive of October 1944. The ship and her crew were awarded the Order of the Red Banner in early 1945 for their performance during the war.

After the war, she was refitted and rejoined the Northern Fleet in 1946. For the next several years she exercised during the warm months and was put in reserve during winter. The following year she starred in a movie about a fictional destroyer during the war. Baku began a lengthy overhaul in 1948 that lasted until 1954. Upon its completion she was used for experimental work and was formally reclassified as an experimental ship two years later. Baku was converted into a target ship in 1958, but was hulked as a depot ship a few weeks later. She became an accommodation ship in 1959 and was finally struck from the Navy List in 1963 and scrapped the following year.

Design and description
Impressed by the French large destroyer (contre-torpilleur) designs such as the Vauquelin-class destroyer of the early 1930s, the Soviets designed their own version. The Leningrads had an overall length of 127.5 m and were 122 m long at the waterline. The ships had a beam of 11.7 m, and a draft of 4.06 m at deep load. Built in two batches, the second batch (Project 38) displaced 2350 LT at standard load and 2680 LT at deep load. Their crew numbered 250 officers and sailors in peacetime and 311 in wartime. The ships had three geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller, designed to produce 66000 shp using steam from three three-drum boilers which was intended to give them a maximum speed of 40 kn. The Leningrads carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of 2100 nmi at 20 kn.

As built, the Leningrad-class ships mounted five 130 mm B-13 guns in two pairs of superfiring single mounts fore and aft of the superstructure and another mount between the bridge and the forward funnel. The guns were protected by gun shields. Anti-aircraft defense was provided by a pair of 76.2 mm 34-K AA guns in single mounts on the aft superstructure and a pair of 45 mm 21-K AA guns mounted on either side of the bridge as well as six 12.7 mm DShK machine guns. They carried eight 533 mm torpedo tubes in two rotating quadruple mounts fore and aft of the rear funnel; each tube was provided with a reload. The ships could also carry a maximum of either 68 or 115 mines and 52 depth charges. They were fitted with a set of Arktur hydrophones for anti-submarine detection.

Modifications
In 1944 Baku was fitted with four depth charge launchers. Before leaving the Pacific Fleet, she exchanged her two 21-K mounts for ten 37 mm 70-K AA guns. She received a British Type 128 asdic system during the war and was initially fitted with a Type 286M surface-search radar, but this was replaced by a Type 284 gunnery radar and an American SF-1 radar by 1945. After the war, all of the 76- and 37-millimeter guns were replaced by a dozen water-cooled V-11M versions of the 70-K gun in twin mounts. During the 1950s, the radars were replaced by Top Bow, EWS Top, Plum Jar and Ball End radars and the pole foremast was replaced by a tripod mast to support them.

Construction and Pacific service
The ship that became Baku was originally named Kiev, after the Ukrainian capital. Major components for Kiev were laid down at Shipyard No. 198 (Marti South) in Nikolayev on 5 January 1935 as yard number 267, railed to the station of Pokrovka near Khabarovsk, and shipped by barge down the Amur to the new Shipyard No. 199 at Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Siberia, for assembly under the supervision of experienced shipbuilder and shipyard chief engineer. The ship was again laid down on 10 March 1936, with its construction accelerated by Goynkis' usage of a horizontal slipway for construction and the installation of machinery. Launched and renamed Ordzhonikidze on 25 July 1938 in honor of the Soviet politician, the still-incomplete destroyer leader was ordered towed to Vladivostok for completion at Shipyard No. 202 (Dalzavod) to build her faster. Ordzhonikidze was towed from Shipyard No. 199 downriver to Nikolayevsk-on-Amur and then Sovetskaya Gavan beginning on 27 September, where some components were installed and the ship was prepared for towing by sea. She reached Vladivostok on 25 October and upon completion underwent a series of trials which concluded in 11 December, after which she entered service on 27 December 1939 and was simultaneously renamed Sergo Ordzhonikidze; her construction cost 33.2 million Rbls. Following additional tests and combat training, the destroyer leader, now the largest and fastest ship of the Pacific Fleet, was assigned to the latter's 1st Destroyer Division on 6 May 1940. In order to reuse the name for a Kirov-class cruiser, the vessel was renamed Baku, after the Azeri capital, on 25 September. After Operation Barbarossa began in June 1941, Baku, commanded by Kapitan 3 ranga (Captain 3rd Rank) from 1940, laid minefields and escorted transports, receiving a LFTI degaussing system in early October.

Voyage to the Northern Fleet
As a result of the weakness of the Northern Fleet and the importance of the Arctic convoys of World War II, Stavka decided to transfer several modern ships from the Pacific to the Northern Fleet in May 1942; this was ordered by People's Commissar of the Navy Nikolay Kuznetsov on 18 June. Along with Baku, three Gnevny-class destroyers – SOVIET DESTROYER Razumny, SOVIET DESTROYER Razyaryonny, and SOVIET DESTROYER Revnostny – were planned to be transferred to the Northern Fleet as the Expedition of Special Purpose (EON)-18, the first time that Soviet warships would use the Northern Sea Route to steam from east to west. The expedition was accompanied by three icebreakers, three oil tankers, and two transports for material supplies, and was prepared in great secrecy, using the pretense of a relocation to Kamchatka. To strengthen her hull against ice, Baku was drydocked at Dalzavod in June, where 100 mm wooden beams lined with 3–5 mm sheet iron were attached to her sides; the sheet iron was 14–15 mm thick where the beams were placed vertically and 500 mm on the stern. Other changes included the movement of the degaussing coils to the interior of the hull, the installation of an additional fire extinguisher for the boiler rooms, the replacement of her regular propellers with special reinforced propellers for ice travel, and the replacement of the 45 mm 21-K anti-aircraft guns with 37 mm 70-K weapons.

Due to overloading and the changes made, the seaworthiness of Baku was found to have been reduced during a trial run in the Vostok Bay, but the ship was still considered ready for the voyage. Baku and three other destroyers departed Vladivostok on 15 July 1942, passing through the Strait of Tartary before stopping for replenishment at De-Kastri on 17 July. They continued towards the Sea of Okhotsk, but Revnostny collided with a transport in the Sakhalin Gulf on the next day, forcing the expedition to halt until the order from Kuznetsov to continue without the former was received on 19 July. While passing through the First Kuril Strait on 22 July, the expedition was spotted by Japanese warships, which tracked them to Avachinsky Bay. On the evening of the same day the destroyers put in at Tarya Bay in the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky naval base for supplies. They steamed for Chukotka and entered Provideniya Bay on 30 July, where an icebreaker, tanker, and transport relieved the previous support ships. The expedition rested there for two weeks to check for malfunctions before departing on 14 August, encountering ice for the first time on the next day. The movement of the expedition became increasingly difficult as the ice increased, and it passed the Long Strait, stopping at Pevek in early September when Razumny suffered mechanical problems. Baku and the remaining destroyer left the latter behind and entered Ambarchik Bay on 14 September, where ice forced them to slow to an average of 3 kn.

Under these conditions, the expedition passed through the East Siberian Sea to the Laptev Sea. They stopped at Tiksi on 17 September for a day to replenish supplies and conduct minor repairs, with Baku taking Razyaryonny in tow due to a bent propeller on the latter. Preceded by a fresh icebreaker, the ships left the port on the next day. In response to the Kriegsmarine's Operation Wunderland, they had their guns fully manned while passing through the Vilkitsky Strait. The ships anchored at Dikson on 24 September, where minor malfunctions were fixed aboard Baku although Razyaryonny's propeller could not be repaired. The expedition resumed on 9 October, meeting a fierce storm in the Kara Sea. It met ships from the Northern Fleet in the Yugorsky Shar Strait on the next day, and the expedition, whose destroyer Razumny had by now caught up, with four icebreakers and 22 transports, entered Kola Bay at Vaenga on 14 October; Belyayev was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class, for his leadership.

World War II service with the Northern Fleet
At Vaenga, Baku was docked for two weeks to remove the hull-strengthening beams and plating, replace the ice-strengthened propellers which had proven detrimental to travel, restore the degaussing coils, fit anti-aircraft and anti-submarine weapons, and receive a camouflage paint scheme. Meanwhile, on 20 October she became the leader of the 1st Division of the newly created Northern Fleet destroyer brigade. In the last days of October, Baku escorted transports into the White Sea and on 29 October conducted a shore bombardment with Razumny in support of a Soviet attack. The following month, Baku and the destroyer SOVIET DESTROYER Sokrushitelny escorted Convoy QP 15 from Arkhangelsk to the Barents Sea from 17 to 20 November when they encountered a severe storm. The high waves and strong winds caused Sokrushitelny to break in half, while Baku was severely damaged when multiple compartments were flooded and water put two boilers out of action, creating a list 40 degrees to port. The latter was ordered to assist Sokrushitelny but could not find her in the storm, and running low on fuel returned to the base for repairs on 22 November; these lasted until 15 January 1943.

In response to a radio intelligence report of a German convoy of two transports with a destroyer and two smaller escorts steaming east from Tromsø, Baku and Razumny made a night sortie on 20 January. They engaged the German minelayer GERMAN MINELAYER Skagerrak with the minesweepers M303 and M322, and subchasers UJ1104 and UJ1105 off Cape Makkaur. After closing the range, Baku fired four torpedoes at what the Soviets believed was the lead transport, all of which missed. As her lookouts reported explosions, the latter was believed sunk, and both Soviet warships turned their guns against what was believed to be the second transport, without result. The German vessels returned fire without damaging Baku, and the engagement ended after seven minutes when visibility deteriorated, allowing the Soviet ships to retreat behind a smokescreen laid by Razumny. The engagement was claimed as a victory in Soviet propaganda, though Northern Fleet commander-in-chief Vitse-admiral (Vice Admiral) Arseny Golovko concluded that the "destroyers should have been more aggressive."

After the engagement, both ships escorted four transports into Kola Bay on 2–3 February. On 27–28 March, Baku and the destroyers SOVIET DESTROYER Gromky and SOVIET DESTROYER Grozny sortied off the Arctic coast of Norway in unsuccessful searches for German shipping under Golovko's command. With Grozny and five smaller vessels, she escorted three Allied merchants from Kola Bay to Arkhangelsk on 15 May. Baku, Grozny, Gromky and the destroyer SOVIET DESTROYER Gremyashchiy escorted icebreakers through the White Sea into the Barents Sea between 8 and 20 June; she returned to Vaenga and was sent to Arkhangelsk on 22 June. From July through mid-November, Baku helped to escort local convoys between Arkhangelsk and the Kola Peninsula. She spent at least part of the winter under repair to reinforce her hull.

The ship remained on local convoy duty in June–November 1944, interrupted by a brief time escorting Convoy JW 59 shortly before it reached Murmansk on 24–25 August and a bombardment of the Norwegian towns of Vardø and Vadsø on 26 October, during the Petsamo–Kirkenes Offensive. From 6 to 8 December she participated in an anti-submarine operation under the flag of squadron commander Kontr-admiral (Rear Admiral) Vitaly Fokin together with the destroyers Gremyashchiy, Razumny, Derzky, Zhivuchny, and Doblestny to prevent German submarines from attacking westbound Convoy RA 62 along with other Allied escorts. Baku resumed escorting local convoys in January 1945. On 6 March she and her crew were awarded the Order of the Red Banner for their "exemplary performance of combat missions" and the "courage and heroism" of the crew. As the war wound down, she was no longer needed for escort duty and was put into Rosta for a refit on 29 April; due to the lack of facilities there the shipyard could only conduct a medium-level refit.

Postwar
Following the completion of her refit, Baku reentered service on 17 April 1946. For the next several years, she participated in training with the rest of the fleet during the two summer months, which included shallow-water torpedo firing. The ship was laid up during the winter months, and portrayed the title Northern Fleet destroyer in the 1947 war film Story of the "Furious" (Povest o 'Neistovom'). She participated in exercises in August of that year. On 29 October 1948 the ship began a major refit at Shipyard No. 402 in Molotovsk, which was lengthened by the technical modernization conducted by the then-inexperienced shipyard workers. While refitting, Baku was reclassified as a destroyer on 12 January 1949 and was assigned to the 178th Destroyer Brigade. Upon completion of her more-than-five-year refit and testing, Baku was accepted for transfer to the Baltic Fleet in July 1954, but instead was transferred to the White Sea Flotilla to test new ships in the White and Barents Seas. She was reclassified as an experimental vessel on 17 February 1956, then disarmed and converted into the target ship TsL-31 on 18 April 1958. The latter period was brief, however, as she was again converted into the unpowered depot ship PB-32 on 31 May. After being converted into a barracks ship, PKZ-171, on 2 June 1959, Baku was struck on 30 July 1963 and subsequently scrapped in mid-1964.

title: Soviet destroyer Baku


text:
Desmond Chumney

Desmond Randolph Chumney (born 8 January 1968) is a Canadian cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm offbreak bowler. He played 13 One Day Internationals for Canada, including the 2003 World Cup.

When Canada beat Bangladesh in that World Cup, Chumney ran around the field with a Canada flag. He also played in three ICC Intercontinental Cup matches, three ICC Trophy tournaments and the 2004 ICC Americas Championship. He was selected for the 2007 Cricket World Cup and made 27* in his last appearance for Canada.

title: Desmond Chumney


text:
Blair Hartland

Blair Robert Hartland (born 22 October 1966) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played nine Tests and 16 One Day Internationals for New Zealand. He was a specialist batsman, who usually opened the innings and bowled a total of three overs in his senior career. The son of former Canterbury cricketer, Ian Hartland, he was also a very talented hockey player.

School times
Attending Christchurch Boys' High School, Hartland was marked out as a talent early on, and aged 19 he was picked for the New Zealand Young Cricketers, who toured Australia in 1985–86.

Personal life
Hartland is married to Nicki and has three children: Emma born 1995 (age 29), Tessa born 1997 (age 27), and Benjamin born 1999 (age 25).

Domestic career
The following season he made his first class debut, playing one game for Canterbury in a drawn domestic game. He made 59 runs for once out, retiring injured in the second innings, and did not return in that season. He also played two seasons of second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1987 and 1988, and in 1988–89 Hartland hit his maiden first class century, in his fourteenth match.

Hartland became a regular fixture in the Canterbury first-class team after that, playing 10 of 11 games in the 1990–91 season, for example. The following season, he was picked as an opening batsman for New Zealand Emerging Players (similar to the current New Zealand A team) against a touring England XI.

He played 11 seasons of domestic cricket for Canterbury, playing 83 first class and 68 List A games in total, Hartland also held the record for the most runs in a one-day domestic match, until it was broken by Brendon McCullum.

International career
When the English cricket team visited New Zealand in 1991, Hartland opened for the New Zealand Emerging Players team; though he faced 36 balls in his two innings he only made one run for twice out, but that didn't prevent the New Zealand selectors from selecting him for the first Test at his native Christchurch two weeks later, as New Zealand sought a replacement for the defensive opener Trevor Franklin who had opened on tour of Sri Lanka a year earlier.

However, Hartland's debut did not yield a good result for New Zealand. England were put in to bat, made 580 for nine declared, before spin bowler Phil Tufnell took eleven wickets in the match, including Hartland twice, for 22 in the first innings and then 45 in the second when stumps were drawn on day four. Hartland watched as Tufnell added a further six victims in the second innings, and England secured a victory by an innings and four runs. Hartland was retained for the second Test, however, and recorded a pair of ducks as New Zealand went down by 168 runs – before scoring 2 in New Zealand's first innings of the third Test where the team made 432 for 9 declared after a stand of 241 between John Wright and Andrew Jones.

Hartland had still not passed fifty in six Test innings, but was still taken on tours of Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka in 1992–93, and though he did not play a Test against Zimbabwe (with Mark Greatbatch and Rod Latham preferred as openers), he played his first ODI on that tour, scoring five runs from number three in the batting order as New Zealand won by four wickets. Greatbatch and Latham were dropped for Sri Lanka, however, and Hartland was back as opener together with Wright; after he was out to Dulip Liyanage for 3 in the first innings, and Sri Lanka had declared 39 runs ahead with five sessions remaining, Hartland batted for four hours in an opening stand worth 110 with Wright, making his maiden Test fifty. New Zealand batted out the match, making 195 for 5 in the second innings to draw the game.

That was enough for Hartland to be picked for the second Test a week later, where he made the second highest score of New Zealand's innings. However, that was only 21, as New Zealand fell from 57 for 0 to 102 all out; following on, Hartland made 21 again as New Zealand made 361, but Sri Lanka took a nine-wicket win and the series by 1–0. Hartland also played two of the three ODIs in the series, recording his maiden ODI fifty, but New Zealand still lost both matches and the series 0–2.

Hartland also played New Zealand's next Test, a home match against Pakistan, but after he once again failed to pass 50 and made 9 in a second-innings chase of 127 to win, where New Zealand were bowled out for 93 by Wasim Akram (five for 45) and Waqar Younis (five for 22) he was dropped and did not play international matches for over a year. When he did return, it was once again against Pakistan, scoring 13 runs in two innings in a five-wicket win for New Zealand. He continued to feature in the New Zealand side for the remainder of the 1993–94 season, making 68 not out in a successful chase of 146 in a One Day International against Pakistan, but otherwise not passing 25 in one Test and seven One Day Internationals.

Hartland was, however, picked for New Zealand's tour of England in 1994; he played nine matches against first-class sides of the country, but only one Test, his last. Hartland made 6 and 22 in an innings defeat, and was replaced by Blair Pocock in the next match. He played a further five ODIs during the 1994–95 season, but after five scores below 50 he was dropped after the Mandela Trophy. He played a further two seasons for Canterbury before retiring.

title: Blair Hartland


text:
User:Mstrange

Bonjour,

I am Pierre-Luc Gagné and I live in Québec. I speak english only as a second language, being born with the beauties of french. You will mainly see me writing for the Tyrannosaurus Tex article, who is by the way the greatest tragedy of the gaming industry in my humble opinion. I might also correct some points of view on handhelds (the virtual Boy is fantastic), and i'm studying to be an historian, but i'm not yet confortable enough to write regarding history.

To conclude, I regret being logged as Mstrange, and would much ratter see myself logged in as Hector. I just love that name.

title: User:Mstrange


text:
Talk:Estuary

Lim Fjord
Quote:
 * "The estuaries are sometimes confused with fjords. The Lim bay in Istria, Croatia (Limski kanal in Croatian), is often called "Lim fjord" although it was not actually formed by glacial erosion but by the river Pazinčica."

This is a steep-sided ria in the non-tidal Adriatic. Is it an estuary? Is it relevant to this article? (RJP 10:33, 15 October 2005 (UTC))

Restrictive definition
First sentence, "An estuary is a mouth of a river with a triangle form" sounds too restrictive to me. For example, Puget Sound and Chesapeake Bay are called estuaries (among other things!), and neither is the mouth of a river (though many rivers flow into both), and neither is triangular in shape (especially Puget Sound!). I'll fix later if this baby stops crying. Pfly 21:37, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

Limit between sea and river
To complete the article 'pole of inaccessibility' I need some info on how to define the boundary between river and ocean at river mouths. Where does the river end in an estuary? Where does the ocean start? Any kind of documentation or hints on this would really help, thanks. Post answers at my user page: User_talk:Andres72 or in the article itself. Andres72 22:30 21 mar 2007 (CET)

Nomenclature
The article currently says "Estuaries are often given names like bay, sound, fjord, etc. The terms are not mutually exclusive." Is it worth mentioning that they are also often called rivers/streams (as in, referred to as part of the river or stream that flows into them, where there is only one)? At least that's the impression I've gotten. What do people think? -- Why Not A Duck 01:53, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

Saltwater meets fresh
isnt an estuary where saltwater meets fresh water i didnt see that in the paragraph. anyone no any good web sites for estuariesi have a project due tomarrow. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.229.245.36 (talk) 19:22, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I have the same question. Something to do with tides? Anyone? --AW (talk) 19:21, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

Flushing time
Where can I find equations for flushing time and residence time? Hamsterlopithecus (talk) 16:53, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Tomczak, M (2000) Oceanography Notes Ch. 15: The flushing time.--Geronimo20 (talk) 11:03, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

Formatting troubles
The panorama picture near the end of the article is overlapping the Wictionary and Commons boxes, rendering them unusable. Using Win XP, SeaMonkey 1.1.7 --89.246.201.88 (talk) 10:13, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

Drowned river valleys origin
In light of the fact that there are dozens of text-book examples of drowned river valleys around British shores, I have added in the British name 'Devensian' for the Wisconsin glaciation - an Irish editor might also make a bid for the 'Midlandian' of course! This glacial ended only 10,000 years ago - global sea level rises due to ice-melt had begun many thousands of years earlier after the 'height' of the glaciation but only really stabilised at current levels around 6000 years ago.Geopersona (talk) 08:44, 24 January 2010 (UTC)

Fjord-type estuaries
There is consistent reference to "sills" and their shallowness or deepness. Are these not referring to glacially created submerged moraines? If so, the entry should reflect the more specific term of moraines, their height and proximity to surface, rather than sills, which within the sphere of geology refers more to a form of volcanic origin. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.155.113.49 (talk) 21:04, 3 June 2010 (UTC)

60% of the worlds population
I haven't had a chance to check if the book truly says that, but I find it difficult to believe that 60% of the worlds population lives in an estuary--and that if the reason why that number is so high is because so many people live on the coast, and not just at estuaries, this sentence is misleading. As I am no expert on this, I could be wrong, it just seems a little preposterous. 174.97.172.80 (talk) 20:21, 10 December 2011 (UTC)

In complete Fact
"22 of the world's largest cities are located on estuaries." Neat little fact. I wish it included a number to compare to however. Like 22 of the 30 largest cities, (or 40 or what have you). How many 'largest cities' are there? -  Aalox (Say Hello • My Work) 19:02, 16 August 2012 (UTC)

This article references this fact and clarifies that this statistic should be '22 out of 32', and cites the same source as the Wikipedia page was originally referencing. I know very little about citations, so if this article also needs to be added to the references, here it is: http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_estuaries/ If not, than this problem has been solved. - 142.150.33.64 (talk) 14:52, 23 May 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Notability?
What classifies as notability here? The list of notable estuaries just seems like a list of examples that has a distinctly Anglo, European, and North American bias. Estuaries in the United States are over-represented (I can see the Chesapeake, Puget Sound, and San Francisco Bay as being notable) without considering more notable examples in Asia, Africa, South America, the Arctic, and Antarctica. I plan on changing this and dropping some examples if no one objects. --Curoi (talk) 17:15, 1 December 2016 (UTC)

partially common

 * Bar-built estuaries [...]. They are partially common in tropical and subtropical locations.

I don't know what partially common can mean. Perhaps particularly was intended? —Tamfang (talk) 09:06, 10 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Don't know either - changed to relatively common. Vsmith (talk) 12:03, 10 January 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 24 August 2020 and 8 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Swearingen15.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 20:52, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Wetland Science and Management 2023
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Estuarine river
If I create Estuarine river as a redirect, would this be the best place for it to lead? I have noticed a lot of articles about rivers start with the phrasing “X is an estuarine river in …”, and it does seem like a term that should be linked to give context for articles of that type. — HTGS (talk) 08:26, 3 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Estuary


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Wikipedia:WikiProject Ancient Egypt/to do

We should have an article on every pyramid and every nome in Ancient Egypt. I'm sure the rest of us can think of other articles we should have. To start with, most of the general history articles badly need attention. And I'm told that at least some of the dynasty articles need work. Any other candidates? A boring task, but the benefit of doing it is that you can set the dates !(e.g., why say Khufu lived 2589-2566? As long as you keep the length of his reign correct, or cite a respected source, you can date it 2590-2567 or 2585-2563) Anyone? I consider this probably the most unimportant of tasks on Wikipedia, but if you believe it needs to be done. . . This is a project I'd like to take on some day, & could be applied to more of Wikipedia than just Ancient Egypt. Take one of the standard authorities of history or culture -- Herotodus, the Elder Pliny, the writings of Breasted or Kenneth Kitchen, & see if you can't smoothly merge quotations or information into relevant articles. Probably a good exercise for someone who owns one of those impressive texts, yet can't get access to a research library.
 * Needed articles.
 * Cleanup.
 * Standardize the Chronology.
 * Stub sorting
 * Data sorting.


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User:Esz

Hi

title: User:Esz


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User talk:Esz

About Assyrian Future in Iraq
I welcome you to Wikipedia as a new member and would also like to thank you for a good article written on "Assyrian Future in Iraq".--Sargon 10:35, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Esz


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Theodemir (Ostrogothic king)

Theodemir or Thiudimer was king of the Ostrogoths of the Amal Dynasty, and father of Theoderic the Great. He had two "brothers" (actually brothers-in-law) named Valamir and Videmir. Theodemir was Arian, while his wife Erelieva was Catholic and took the Roman Christian name Eusebia upon her baptism. In the beginning of Theodemir's reign, he ruled together with his brothers-in-law as vassals under Attila the Hun. Most likely settling for this arrangement after his older brother had only managed a rule lasting four years. He eventually consolidated the three Gothic regions in Pannonia under his rule after the death of Vidimir, and later inheriting the lands of the childless Valamir as well. He was married to Erelieva, with whom he had two children: Theoderic (454–526) and Amalafrida. When Theodemir died in 475, Theoderic succeeded him as king over a combined Ostrogothic kingdom.

title: Theodemir (Ostrogothic king)


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Édouard Michelin (born 1963)

Édouard Michelin (August 13, 1963 – May 26, 2006) was managing partner and co-chief executive of the Michelin Group. He was the great-grandson of Édouard Michelin (1859–1940), a co-founder of the company.

Life
He was born in Clermont-Ferrand; after first studying at Ecole Massillon in Clermont-Ferrand, he entered the Lycée Sainte-Geneviève in Versailles. He also spent almost a full year studying at Christ Church Episcopal School in Greenville, South Carolina. It is there that he gained fluency in English. (Michelin has its North American headquarters in Greenville, and he lived with his relatives who were executives at Michelin in Greenville at the time.)

An engineering graduate of the École Centrale de Paris, he joined the Michelin Group, which was then headed by his father, François Michelin, in 1985. He initially worked at the lower levels of the company, including a stint on an assembly line. In 1987–1988 he completed his military service on French nuclear submarines.

When he returned to the company in 1989 he was first appointed production manager at Le Puy-en-Velay (France) plant, then team manager at Montceau-les-Mines. He was appointed CEO of Michelin North America, in charge of both industrial plant and truck UOT sales and distribution, under the leadership of Carlos Ghosn, a future Renault Nissan CEO.

In 1993, he joined François Michelin and René Zingraff in Clermont-Ferrand as Managing Partner of Michelin. One of his first challenges was implementing a plan to lay off 7500 employees. Despite criticism, he emerged with his reputation intact, especially after he supported the French government's proposal for a 35-hour workweek. He later launched a reorganization whereby Michelin plants would specialize rather than all producing a wide range of products. In 1998 he launched an initiative to encourage the development of environmentally friendly vehicles. One of his successes was in his decision to re-involve the company in Formula One racing. The company returned to F1 competition in 2001 and was immediately competitive. Success culminated in back-to-back World Championship successes in 2005 and 2006 with the Renault team and Fernando Alonso. The company withdrew from F1 following these successes as F1 reverted to a single-tyre supplier rule. Among Edouard's business failures was a proposal in 2004 to market the Michelin brand without its most recognized mascot, the "Michelin Man" (Bibendum). However stockholders voted against this idea.

He was appointed Michelin Group CEO at the Annual Shareholders Meeting on 11 June 1999, 110 years after the establishment of the company.

In 1992 he was married to his wife Cécile in a ceremony at Chartres Cathedral presided over by his elder brother, Father Etienne Michelin. He was the father of six children. Fond of theology, Gregorian chants, and mountain walks, he was a member of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). In April 2005, he was elected to the board of directors of Nokia Corporation at the company's Annual General Meeting. In France, he was given two nicknames by his employees: "Dudu", because of his kindness, and "L'americain", due to his overseas experience.

Édouard Michelin died by drowning, while fishing in the Raz de Sein, near the island of Sein, off the coast of Finistère in northwest France, on 26 May 2006. The skipper of the boat, Guillaume Normant, also died in the accident.

After his death, Michelin announced that co-managing partner Michel Rollier would head up the company.

He is buried in the Orcines cemetery (Puy-de-Dôme).

title: Édouard Michelin (born 1963)


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Edward Pellew, 4th Viscount Exmouth

Edward Fleetwood John Pellew, 4th Viscount Exmouth DL JP (24 June 1861 – 31 October 1899), was a British peer who inherited the title of Viscount Exmouth from his uncle and held the title for 23 years. He was the great-grandson of Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth.

Life
Edward Pellew was born on 24 June 1861 in the county of Devon, England. His parents were the Hon. Fleetwood John Pellew (the fourth son of Pownoll Pellew, 2nd Viscount Exmouth) and Emily Sarah Ferguson. On 3 June 1884, in Arborfield Parish, Berkshire, he married Edith Hargreaves, the daughter of Captain Thomas Hargreaves of the 3rd Royal Lancashire Militia. Their children were Georgina Cecily Pellew (18 December 1885 – 17 May 1930), who died unmarried; and Edward Addington Hargreaves Pellew, 5th Viscount Exmouth (12 November 1890 – 16 August 1922).

Pellew's service in the British Army's auxiliary forces was varied: he began his career as a lieutenant in the 1st Devon Militia (later the 4th Battalion, Devonshire Regiment). He then transferred to the Royal 1st Devon Yeomanry on 7 March 1883, but resigned his commission on 9 August 1884. Later he was re-commissioned into the 5th (The Hay Tor) Volunteer Battalion, Devonshire Regiment, promoted to lieutenant on 17 February 1897, and to captain on 9 June 1898. He was also a Deputy Lieutenant, Justice of the Peace for Devon, and a Doctor of Law.

The Viscount and Viscountess spent their honeymoon in the United States, arriving in New York City on 23 June 1884 on board the SS Gallia. At the time the Viscount's cousin, Henry Pellew, later the 6th Viscount Exmouth, and his wife resided there. The Viscountess was a cousin of the Drayton family of New York and the Coleman family of Pennsylvania. In July 1884 they visited Long Branch, New Jersey as well as Newport, Rhode Island. August saw them back in Long Branch for an extended tour by Mr. George W. Childs, the publisher of the Evening Public Ledger. They returned to England on 1 October 1884 on board the SS Servia.

When the 1st Viscount Exmouth was granted his title he also was awarded a perpetual annual pension of £2,000. These pensions were not seen favourably by the public and in late 1893 Parliament converted the pension to a lump sum payment of £53,890. This pension was well invested, and by the time of the death of the Edward Pellew, 5th Viscount Exmouth the sum had grown to £325,000.

Edward Pellew died in London on 31 October 1899. He was succeeded in his titles by his eight-year-old son Edward Pellew.

title: Edward Pellew, 4th Viscount Exmouth


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User talk:Gravite

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Unfortunately, your first post does not even remotely resemble an encyclopdia article. Please do, however, join the community here in creating a quality encyclopedia that will enable every human being on the planet access to the sum of all human knowledge.--Gaff talk 10:38, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Gravite


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Western Australian Museum

The Western Australian Museum is a statutory authority within the Culture and the Arts Portfolio, established under the Museum Act 1969.

The museum has six main sites. The state museum, WA Museum Boola Bardip, is located in the Perth Cultural Centre. The other sites are: the WA Maritime Museum and WA Shipwrecks Museum in Fremantle, the Museum of the Great Southern in Albany, the Museum of Geraldton in Geraldton, and the Museum of the Goldfields in Kalgoorlie-Boulder.

History
Established in 1891 in the Old Perth Gaol, it was known as the Geological Museum and consisted of geological collections. In 1892, ethnological and biological exhibits were added, and in 1897, the museum officially became the Western Australian Museum and Art Gallery. The museum employed collectors to obtain series of specimens;  Tunney ventured across the state from 1895 to 1909 obtaining animals and, later, the tools and artefacts of the indigenous inhabitants.

During 1959, the botanical collection was transferred to the new Western Australian Herbarium and the museum and the art gallery became separate institutions. The museum focussed its collecting and research interests in the areas of natural sciences, anthropology, archaeology, and Western Australia's history. Over the 1960s and 1970s, it also began to work in the then-emerging areas of historic shipwrecks and Aboriginal site management.

In February 2008, the Government of Western Australia announced that it would build a new A$500-million museum at the East Perth Power Station site. However, following the election of a new State Liberal party government under Colin Barnett, the redevelopment plans were scrapped in early February 2009.

On Museums day in 2012, the Barnett State Government pledged to build a new museum at the Perth Cultural Centre at a cost of $428 million, for completion by 2019–20. The Western Australian Museum – Perth site closed temporarily from 18 June 2016 until 2020 to construct the New Museum for WA, designed by OMA and Hassell.

In late 2014, critical improvements to the museum's Collection and Research Centre (CRC) in Welshpool commenced. This site continues to house the museum's research laboratories and working collections throughout the construction phase. The upgrades to the CRC include new collection storage, laboratories, and workshops to support ongoing research and to ensure that collections can be adequately prepared and conserved.

Locations
The Western Australian Museum has six museum branches and four collection facilities. The museum also offers outreach services to all areas of Western Australia.

Old museum
On 9 September 1891, the Geological Museum was opened at the site of the Old Gaol and housed the state's first collection of geological samples. The Old Gaol still forms a significant part of the Western Australian Museum – Perth and is one of the oldest standing buildings in Western Australia.

Shortly after the Geological Museum was opened, collections were expanded to include geological, ethnological and biological specimens and in 1897, the Western Australian Museum and Art Gallery was declared. From 1971 to 2003, a greater part of the research and display collections were housed in a large building on Francis Street. This site was closed due to concerns with asbestos, and demolition concluded in late 2011.

Throughout the Western Australian Museum's history, the prominent James Street location remained central to the museum's identity and the location of many large permanent and touring exhibits. Exhibitions on fashion, natural history, cultural heritage and history have attracted large numbers of visitors, including A Day in Pompeii (25 May – 12 September 2010) which attracted more than 100,000 people.

Permanent exhibitions which were on display at the Western Australian Museum in Perth included:

 * WA Land and People: This exhibition tells the story of Western Australia from prehistoric times of dinosaurs, to indigenous beginnings, and through to environmental issues of the present day.
 * Diamonds to Dinosaurs: An exhibition exploring 12 billion years of WA's history, featuring specimens such as rocks from the Moon and Mars, pre-solar diamonds and dinosaur skeleton casts.
 * Katta Djinoong: This exhibition depicts the history and culture of the Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia from past to present.
 * Dampier Marine Gallery: This exhibit explores the biodiversity of the waters around the Dampier Archipelago.
 * Mammal, Bird and Butterfly Galleries: These galleries contain extensive collections of various animals.

The museum closed for major redevelopment in June 2016.

The Perth site also included the Discovery Centre, designed to help children and adults interact and learn about the museum's collections and research. After the closure of the main museum for redevelopment, the Discovery Centre relocated to a Discovery Zone in the State Library of Western Australia in September 2016, but this closed permanently from 8 December 2019.

New museum
After four years of construction, the Perth museum re-opened on Saturday, 21 November 2020. The new museum is named "WA Museum Boola Bardip", and features new exhibitions and topics such as the formation of the Universe, WA's latest inventions, dinosaurs, newly discovered species and local communities.

Inside the new complex are five heritage buildings, including the Old Perth Gaol, which dates back to 1855. It is also built around what is believed to be Australia's oldest grapevine, estimated to date from the 1850s or 1860s, and encompasses Hackett Hall, once home to the State Library of Western Australia, now displays the skeleton of a blue whale (nicknamed Otto), which was in storage since 2003. The Jubilee Building has been refurbished, with the terrace and grand entrance reopened.

Maritime and Shipwrecks Museums
The Western Australian Museum has two branches in Fremantle: the WA Maritime Museum and WA Shipwrecks Museum (formerly known as Maritime Gallery and Shipwreck Gallery).

The WA Maritime Museum is located on Victoria Quay, and contains galleries with themes such as the Indian Ocean, the Swan River, fishing, maritime trade and naval defence. One of the museum's highlights is the yacht Australia II, which won the America's Cup in 1983. The museum is located in the historically significant Maritime Heritage Precinct, which includes the entrance to Fremantle Inner Harbour and associated installations; Forrest Landing, the remnant of the original limestone bar used by Aboriginal men as a crossing point at the mouth of the Swan River; the migrant Welcome Walls memorial; and the World War II submarine slipway area.

Immediately adjacent to the WA Maritime Museum on the WWII slipway is HMAS Ovens (S 70), an Oberon-class submarine that is open for guided tours and commemorates the World War II Fremantle allied submarine base, which was the largest submarine base in the southern hemisphere, with 170 submarines of the British, Dutch and US navies conducting patrols from there.

Nearby in Cliff Street, the WA Shipwrecks Museum, housed in the 1850s-era Commissariat Buildings, is recognised as the foremost maritime archaeology and shipwreck conservation museum in the southern hemisphere. The museum contains a reconstructed hull from Batavia, which was wrecked off the coast of Western Australia in 1629, and several other relics and artefacts from ships wrecked along the WA coast. It also houses the horizontal trunk engine recovered from the iron steamer SS Xantho, which sank in 1872. This unit, the only known example of the first mass-produced, high-speed and high-pressure marine engine, can now be turned over by hand. The museum's CEO is also responsible for the historic wrecks off the coast of Western Australia, and many shipwrecks appear in the exhibits. In 1980, the museum also commenced the development of a "Museum-Without-Walls" program via its "wreck trail" or "wreck access" programs at Rottnest Island. These "trails" now appear at many places along the coast.

The Maritime Archaeology department primarily researches shipwreck archaeology from the Western Australian coast, including the famous Batavia shipwreck. Its staff members are involved in developing artefact management and cataloguing strategies, outreach and wreck-access programs, site-inspection techniques, and studies of diverse maritime sites, such as iron ship archaeology, characterised by its SS Xantho program and underwater aviation archaeology. The department also conducts master's level programs in maritime archaeology in collaboration with University of Western Australia.

Museum of the Great Southern
Refurbished in July 2010, the Museum of the Great Southern is situated at the site of the first European settlement in Western Australia, in Albany. This museum explores the region's biodiversity, the stories of the indigenous Noongar people and ancient natural environment.

The museum was the original residence of Major Edmund Lockyer, the commanding officer of the settlement group that landed in Princess Royal Harbour on 26 December 1826, and formally proclaimed sovereignty on 21 January 1827 for King George IV of Great Britain, naming the place King George's Sound settlement (later renamed Frederickstown and then renamed again Albany). Together with the Old Gaol, and the buildings of the Amity heritage precinct (Breaksea Museum) and the non-navigable replica of the brig Amity, they were the subject of investigation by the Commonwealth of Australia and UNESCO as a convict colonial settlement (not included in the formal nomination).

Museum of Geraldton

The Museum of Geraldton is situated in Western Australia's rapidly growing mid-west region. This museum explores the region's biodiversity, mining and agricultural history, the stories of the indigenous Yamaji people and the Dutch shipwrecks. The famous 17th-century Dutch vessel Batavia sank in the nearby Abrolhos Islands. This museum features the portico recovered from this wreck, which has been reconstructed to form the centre of the museum's shipwreck gallery.

Museum of the Goldfields
The Museum of the Goldfields in Kalgoorlie explores the history of the Eastern Goldfields, the city's mining heritage and the hardships faced by the early mining and pioneer families.

Research departments
The Western Australian Museum has an extensive research program, with museum scientists and curators specialising in the fields of aquatic zoology, archaeology and anthropology, conservation, earth and planetary sciences, history, and terrestrial zoology. The museum also has a specialist materials conservation team.

The WA Museum Collections and Research Centre (CRC) at 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, houses most of the museum's collections and research facilities. It houses the following departments (staff and collections):
 * The Terrestrial Zoology department maintains large collections of a wide variety of terrestrial animals, including both terrestrial invertebrates and vertebrates, as well as marine mammals. The department includes sections that study: subterranean biology, ornithology, mammalogy, entomology, vertebrate biogeography, arachnids and myriapods and herpetology.
 * The Aquatic Zoology department is responsible for documenting and researching the marine, estuarine and freshwater fauna of Western Australia. The department includes sections that study malacology, ichthyology, crustacea, marine invertebrates and worms.
 * The Earth and Planetary Sciences Department studies and collects in the areas of fossils (invertebrate, vertebrate, plant and trace fossils), minerals, rocks, gems, meteorites and tektites. The department's collection holds taxonomic and stratigraphic (rock layers and layering) material that is representative of Western Australia's palaeobiological (the biology of fossil animals and plants) evolution and geological history from 3.8 billion years ago to a few thousand years ago. There are over 1.5 million items in the department collections.
 * The History Department specialises in developing collections reflecting the material life of Western Australians, and researching the story of the people and places in Western Australia in all its diversity. The department also holds the Edith Cowan University Museum of Childhood Collection (ECU Museum of Childhood Collection), a nationally significant collection of 24,000 items is reflective of Western Australian childhood, donated to the WA Museum in 2009 by Edith Cowan University.
 * The Anthropology and Archaeology Department specialises in cultural anthropology and archaeology. The department's research, collections and public programs focus on understanding what it is to be human, cultural diversity, exploring complex relationships between society, culture, language, sociality and economy. The department specialises in the study of Ancient Egypt, Aboriginal cultures (particularly the South West, Pilbara, Desert and Kimberley regions) and indigenous cultures of the Ancient World.

There are also some of the collection items from the Maritime Archaeology and Maritime History departments housed at the CRC; however staff from Maritime Archaeology and Maritime History are located at WA Shipwrecks Museum.

The Materials Conservation department is responsible for ensuring the millions of items in the museum's collections are permanently preserved for reference, research and exhibition through the use of preventive and remedial conservation techniques in accordance with international and national standards of best practice. The Materials Conservation department also possesses a research division in its overall structure which develop conservation techniques and methodologies.

Publications
The museum has produced its own publications of books over time, as well as Records of the Western Australian Museum since 1910 and for a short time between 1998 and 2005 produced Tracks. The Records of the Museum is the museum's peer-reviewed journal which publishes the results of research into all branches of natural sciences and social and cultural history. Between 1910 and 2012, over 800 articles were published in this journal, the vast majority written after 1975. All individual articles published through the records are available for free download on the WA Museum website.

Controversy
In December 2020 the Western Australian Museum removed what it said were two factual errors on labels in a multimedia display after complaints about their veracity, including from the consul general of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Perth. One pertained to COVID-19, which the museum initially labelled as originating from China. The other pertained to Taiwan, which the museum initially depicted on a map as a country, specifically the Republic of China (ROC), that is distinct from China rather than including "Taiwan as a Chinese territory". This is controversial because "China regards Taiwan as a breakaway province which it has vowed to retake, by force if necessary. It says the ROC's lack of diplomatic recognition proves that the world agrees there is only one China."

The museum altered the visuals in response to the complaints, saying that the World Health Organization is still investigating the origin of COVID-19, and that the map "did not include Taiwan... as part of China, which is not in line with Australian government policy". However, Mark McGowan, the premier of Western Australia, stated that "the decision to change the exhibits was the museum's." Additionally, Mark Harrison, a senior lecturer in Chinese studies at the University of Tasmania, pointed out that contrary to the museum's claims, including Taiwan as part of China is "not actually reflective of 'Australian government policy. Rather, the Australian government "uses a deliberate ambiguity on the status of Taiwan" and "is very careful to not use maps of national boundaries that show Taiwan as part of the PRC".

The changes drew a critical reaction from Human Rights Watch researcher Sophie McNeill, who said that it is "very important that our cultural institutions rely on accuracy and facts and don't bow to pressure from the Chinese Communist Party who are often trying to censor and rewrite history". In a statement, the museum rejected any claims of bowing to bullying, saying the errors "were literally factual errors that we were very happy to correct", and that the errors were corrected in line with the museum's policy on accuracy.

title: Western Australian Museum


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Pramodya Wickramasinghe

Wickramasinghe Gallage Pramodya (born August 14, 1971), commonly known as Pramodya Wickramasinghe, is a former Sri Lankan cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm-fast bowler. He was regarded as one of the fastest bowlers in 1990s. He was a member of 1996 Cricket World Cup winning team. He is the former national chief selector of both Sri Lanka men's and women's cricket teams.

Domestic career
Gentle in pace, but deadly in accuracy, he played for Sinhalese Sports Club in club cricket competitions. He made his first-class debut in 1988 playing for Sinhalese Sports Club. He became internationally known in 1989 after the Youth Asia Cup Championship, and toured England with the Sri Lanka B team in 1991. In November that year, he became the first bowler in Sri Lankan domestic cricket to take all ten wickets in a single innings, finishing with 10 for 41 against Kalutara Physical Culture Club in Colombo.

International career
Pramodya made his ODI debut on 31 December 1990 at the 1990–91 Asia Cup against Bangladesh. He made his test debut on 12 December 1991 against Pakistan. He played a key role in Sri Lanka's first ever three match test series win in away condition during the tour of Pakistan in 1995-96. During the series he picked up eight wickets as Sri Lanka defeated Pakistan 2–1 to secure their first test series win against Pakistan in Pakistan.

He represented Sri Lanka in the 1992, 1996 and 1999 World Cup tournaments, where he played as the strike bowler of the team along with newcomer Chaminda Vaas. He featured in four matches including the quarterfinal, semifinal and final of the 1996 World Cup campaign for Sri Lanka where it won the trophy for the first time. However, he could not make any major impact during the 1996 Wills Cricket World Cup and ended the tournament without taking a wicket. He was also a member of the Sri Lankan team during the inaugural edition of the ICC Men's Champions Trophy in 1998 where Sri Lanka reached semifinals. He took his 100th ODI wicket in an ODI against Zimbabwe in 1999 by dismissing Andy Flower.

Though playing steadily from then on until 2000, he found himself in need of a shoulder operation in Australia in 2000 which more-or-less ended his career, as from then on he found it difficult to find a place for himself within the side. He made a comeback return to national team in 2002 during the 2002 NatWest Series after a gap of two years following his recovery from shoulder operation. However, he struggled against England and India during the NatWest Series and was dropped from the team permanently.

Chief selector
He became the President of Sri Lanka Cricket Association and later joined the Sri Lankan national selection committee in 2004 which was headed by Ashantha de Mel. He was also included in the newly appointed selection panel headed by Sanath Jayasuriya in 2013. In December 2020, he was also included in the seven member selection panel led by Ashantha de Mel. On 8 April 2021, he was appointed as the chairman of national selection committee by the Sri Lanka Cricket on the recommendation of sports minister Namal Rajapaksa replacing Ashantha de Mel.

Controversies
In 2017, he was reported to have made corruption and match fixing allegations against some of the national cricketers such as Upul Tharanga and Dinesh Chandimal following the ODI series defeat against Zimbabwe at home. However, Pramodya insisted that he had not made such allegations against the cricketers and he clarified that he blamed only the team selection strategy. The Criminal Investigation Department also inquired the defamation petition signed by 40 national cricketers against Pramodya over his remarks. In addition, the International Cricket Council also conducted a corruption investigation based on the claims of Pramodya.

After becoming the chairman of national selection committee in April 2021, he controversially sacked senior players from the national team in limited overs international matches with the intention of grooming youngsters targeting the 2023 Cricket World Cup. Following the implementation of his youth policy, senior cricketers Angelo Mathews and Thisara Perera threatened to quit international cricket. However, his move was backfired with horrendous performances by the national team in the tours of Bangladesh and England.

title: Pramodya Wickramasinghe


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Talk:Monty Sarhan

Articles for Deletion debate
This article survived an Articles for Deletion debate. The discussion can be found here. However, verifiability issues were raised. Renominate if not solved. -Doc (?) 10:39, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Monty Sarhan


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Craig Cumming

Craig Derek Cumming (born 31 August 1975) is a New Zealand former international cricketer. He played 11 Test matches and 13 One Day Internationals for the New Zealand national team. He played domestic cricket with Canterbury and Otago.

Domestic career
Cumming, who was born at Timaru, played as a right-handed opening batsman. He played for Canterbury early in his career. He played for South Canterbury in the Hawke Cup and later moved to play for Otago in senior cricket.

International career
Cumming had a largely unsuccessful international test career, playing only 11 tests before being dropped due to lack of batting ability. He only made one half-century – a top score of 74 – and failed to reach three figures in any of his test innings. On 5 March 2005 against Australia, he was the recipient of what is considered the fastest ever ball bowled in New Zealand, bowled by Brett Lee, in which he clocked 160.8 km/h at Napier as the fastest delivery of the over.

After cricket
Cummings has worked as a broadcaster for Newstalk ZB in Dunedin hosting local sports shows and producing 'The Country'. He is also one of the domestic Sky Sport commentator for domestic cricket and international home matches, often giving titbits and trivia on cricket terms and hosting Dilmah tea parties during the tea breaks in Test matches.

Cumming is the head coach of the Otago women's cricket team.

title: Craig Cumming


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Talk:Natural skin care

Archived
/Archive 1

Brands mention with natural ingredients products
Hi, I am looking to merge the content of this draft Draft:Yuni Beauty as the subject seems a bit relevant for this page, as this brand mainly seems to have natural ingredients along with one more brand mention Aveda. Skdwived (talk) 16:43, 19 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Natural skin care