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Talk:Western Thrace

Why
the Turkish minority in Western Thrace is called "Muslim Minority" in the article? It seems only Greeks want to call those people "Muslim", while the concerned people call themselves "Turkish".I think the article should be corrected.--Gokhan 07:49, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Because not all Muslims identify as Turks.--Theathenae 07:59, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * So the ones identifying themselves as Turks are free to live their own identity, found their own NGO's and fully participate to Greek society (businesswise, educationwise and socially?) --Gokhan 22:26, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Freer than the Greeks living in Turkey, that's for sure.--Theathenae 04:39, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Have you been to Istanbul to see for yourself or you cant cause you can't find any tickets for a constantinopolis? hahahaha

Requesting neutral POV

 * This article has been continuously vandalised by user VMORO for the past few months. He has kept adding links to a Bulgarian POV site which contains "historical" information written by a certain Gregson H. in the early 20th century. Gregson H. does not seem to exist and until VMORO shows evidence as to who this man was I will keep reverting this article to its previous state which contains information that can easily be verified by neutral sources. VMORO not only keeps adding the following paragraph "A 1920 population census carried out by the Allies indicated that the Bulgarians in the region numbered 81,000, the Turks 73,000 and the Greeks 52,000 . Despite the preponderance of Bulgarians and the region's key significance for the economy of Bulgaria as its only outlet to the Aegean Sea, Western Thrace was given to Greece as war compensation under the terms of the 1919 Treaty of Neuilly following World War I. ,but he also keeps deleting true information concerning the fact that Bulgaria was on the losing side in World War I and therefore had to pay some price (as happens to the losing side at the end of every war). The census mentioned in the above paragraph is reported by "Gregson H." and therefore can not be considered true until verified. In any case, the fact that Ethnic Bulgarians inhabited Western Thrace is included in the text. Additionally, the sentence "despite the preponderance of Bulgarians and the region's key significance for the economy of Bulgaria as its only outlet to the Aegean Sea" is irrelevant. Based on the same logic East Rumelia and Eastern Bulgaria should have been given to Greece because having access to the Black Sea would have helped its economic development. This logic is flawed and dangerously nationalistic. I believe that this situation of me reverting VMORO's text and he reverting my text will continue and therefore I request this article be reviewed by a neutral party which will resolve the issue. Kalambaki2 15:51, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I demand an explanation as to why you KEEP deleting sourced information about a census which was held not by anyone else but by the ALLIES. If, the sourced information gets deleted again, I'll search assistance from the administrator board. VMORO 21:08, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

By all means, do. Kalambaki2 15:45, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

Fiercly anti-Greek POV
It's obvious. By the way do those people have a Greek Passport? If yes what is the problem of being called Greek by Greece? This is like saying in the US that if a Mexican finally gets a US passport, he has a problem for the USA to call him American. --Leladax (talk) 09:38, 17 February 2008 (UTC)

Unlike the multicultural American society the early greek constitution claimed that a greek is every orthodox christian citizent of greece. moko as you say in greek --77.69.28.43 (talk) 21:00, 9 February 2009 (UTC)

why the greek region of thrace is called western thrace in the headline and not just thrace???
why the greek region of thrace is called western thrace in the headline and not just thrace??? we the greeks this region call it thrace or greek thrace not western thrace.this isn t even mentioned.its a prefecture of greece and is called formally by the greeks and all the public institutions ,magasines,tv and goverments papers as thrace or greek thrace not western thrace.this artickle is for greece and it should be called as greek government or greeks called it not as the english call it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.167.52.19 (talk) 07:11, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is a world-wide encyclopedic reference, and no articles are "for" any specific country. All Wikipedia articles should be written from a broad point of view, using common names for the topic being covered (see Article titles). The most common term for this region in particular is Western Thrace, so that's the name used here. The term Greek Thrace redirects here. There's a separate article for the broader region known widely as Thrace. ★NealMcB★ (talk) 16:16, 16 January 2018 (UTC)

Table farm
Obviously a couple a recently added tables include population data from a wider region which and takes into account large territories now part of Bulgaria (i.e. not part this administrative division, which is part of modern Greece... and bingo no wonder the number of Bulgarians is inflated that way). A brief description might be ok, but something more than that is way too much to be part of this article.Alexikoua (talk) 15:03, 29 April 2013 (UTC)

Moreover, by checking the 3rd table [] it seems that isn't an official census, or at least third-part account at all. So, I see no reason why we should have the Turkish point of view estimation so detailed, a brief description as it is, seems more than enough (In point of view of the Turkish researches...).Alexikoua (talk) 15:36, 29 April 2013 (UTC)

 * No part of the region which was the subject of the two censuses is in Bulgaria today. You might have confused Karaağaç with Kızılağaç, which is the old name of Elhovo. The only part of Western Thrace that is not Greek today is the town of Karaagach and its immediate surroundings and this territory is probably smaller than the district of Karaagach. In any case, Karaagach was the district with the second highest proportion of Greeks, so your theory doesn't seem sound.

 * As for the third table, I don't see why it should be removed. Sure, it must be made clear that it is entirely the Turkish point of view, but including different point of views is a basic Wikipedia policy. That the Greek view regarding the ethnic demography of the region is not represented is regrettable, but I don't think that other viewpoints should be removed just because Greece has never bothered to hold an ethnographic census there. Kostja (talk) 10:35, 30 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Actually, to me this is nothing more than a nearly useless table-farm & I'm afraid that there are additional censii to bombard the specific section and unfortunately make it even more boring with pov stuff from every side. Moreover, to be precise, Karaağaç, which indeed isn't part of Bulgaria, is still out of Greece, i.e. from the region defined as Western Thrace. This is obvious when comparing the total populations of tables 1,2 vs 3.

 * Tables in general, in articles about modern regions/cities are used to give accurate, usefull data, but in case they just provide outdated pov propaganda material, a brief description can be enough.Alexikoua (talk) 21:07, 30 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Why exactly is it useless to know about the demographics of the region before it became part of Greece? This seems more like personal opinion. Also, regarding other censuses, their inclusion would certainly be warranted, if they exist of course. The criteria for including them is in any case not based on whether certain users find them boring. As for Karaağaç, only the town itself was ceded to Turkey, most of the rest of the district is still in Greece. In any case, this difference has now been noted.

 * Providing information about historical demographics of various regions is common in Wikipedia and it's in no way "outdated pov propaganda material". Frankly, most of your arguments seem to be based on WP:IDONTLIKEIT and not on any reasonable objections to the inclusion of this material. Kostja (talk) 21:27, 30 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Didn't said that, my objection is that its useless to add detailed data of povish crap, i.e. tables in this case, and off course this isn't something personal, considering that the article is about an administrative region which wasn't that time defined under this term yet (W.Thrace). Off course this can be added to more speciliazed articles on local history.Alexikoua (talk) 11:10, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

 * Again, what exactly is crap is a personal opinion. And even the most objective census is likely to be influenced by the POV of the state carrying it out, but should we remove all census information from Wikipedia for this region.

 * As for the scope of this article, Western Thrace is also a historical region, even if its borders were unclear until relatively recently, so it's the logical place for the historical demographics of the region as a whole. Of course, separating such information in a separate article, like in many other articles about historical regions, is an acceptable alternative. Kostja (talk) 12:17, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Western Thrace


text:
Template:H5N1 cases

Confirmed human cases and mortality rate of avian influenza (H5N1) 2003–2024 Updated 14 July 2024 Source: World Health Organization Global Influenza Program Cumulative Cases Report ·

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Template:H5N1 cases


text: Category:Churches in Croatia

title: Category:Churches in Croatia


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Profaynes

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:26, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

The Profaynes
I was unable to verify that this group, or one of its more famous members, DJWatchman, existed through All Music and Google. They didn't tour over a wide area. Also, they only released a few singles. -- Kjkolb 07:52, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable is written all over the article.--SoothingR 07:55, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Template talk:Korean article

Wikipedia:Korean article template
just wondering if this page & Korean article template should be merged/redirected, & in which direction? Appleby 21:12, 14 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Good question. I seem to recall that cross-namespace redirects are frowned upon, although this seems like a logical exception to that rule...  Although I have very occasionally used and recommended the use of this as a subst'd template, I think it makes a lot more sense in Wikipedia space -- it's not really a template in the WP-usual sense.  So I would favor a merge into Korean article template, provided that the namespace issues are resolved.
 * But really, I'm not sure how relevant either of these pages are. Does anyone besides me still refer to them?  -- Visviva 05:10, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Korean article


text: Talk:Kim Yik-yung

title: Talk:Kim Yik-yung


text:
The Isle

The Isle is a 2000 South Korean film written and directed by Kim Ki-duk, his fourth film, and the first to receive wide international acclaim for his now recognizable style. The film has gained notoriety for gruesome scenes that caused some viewers to vomit or faint when the film premiered at the Venice Film Festival.

The Isle stars Suh Jung and Kim Yu-seok as an unlikely couple who develop a love for each other despite their unusual circumstances.

Plot
Suh Jung plays the mute Hee-jin, who operates a fishing resort, where she rents out small floating cottages and ferries her customers back and forth between land and the floats, controlling the only means of transport around. She also dispassionately takes care of her customers' needs by selling supplies, providing prostitutes from a local dabang or occasionally acting as one herself. However, when a man running from the law, Hyun-shik (Kim Yu-seok), comes to the resort, a bond starts to form between them.

At the start of the film, Hyun-shik arrives at the resort and is ferried to his float by Hee-jin. There is nothing unusual about their business relationship from the onset, but eventually Hee-jin is intrigued by Hyun-shik's obviously troubled past. When visiting his float one time, Hee-jin still resists Hyun-shik's forceful advances but does call in a prostitute to service him. Hyun-shik, however, only wants companionship from the prostitute and a relationship starts to form between them.

The two developing relationships between Hyun-shik and the prostitute and Hyun-shik and Hee-jin move the plot. Hee-jin looks after Hyun-shik, even saving him from two suicide attempts, the second one accomplished gruesomely by swallowing a string of fish hooks. The prostitute continues to take more and more time off her schedule to visit Hyun-shik, oblivious to his troubles and eventually Hee-jin becomes jealous. During one visit, Hee-jin ferries the prostitute to an empty float instead of Hyun-shik's, ties her up and duct tapes her mouth shut, which eventually leads to her death as she falls into the water. The next morning Hee-jin finds her drowned and submerges her body tied to her motorbike. The prostitute's pimp, who comes to find out what's happening, falls in the water after a fight with Hyun-shik. Hee-jin appears in the water and kills the pimp. He is then submerged near the prostitute.

After the murders, Hyun-shik's and Hee-jin's relationship stalls. Hyun-shik wants to leave the resort, but Hee-jin, who controls the only boat won't let him. When he attempts to swim out, Hee-jin has to save him and take him back to his float. Hyun-shik takes the boat and is set to leave. Hee-jin apparently attempts suicide in an effort to stop him by stuffing fish hooks into her vagina and falling into the water. This time it's Hyun-shik's turn to save her, by reeling her in with the still attached hooks.

Hyun-shik and Hee-jin continue their troubled relationship. A prostitute accidentally kicks a man's Rolex into the water, infuriating him. He calls divers to have them retrieve the watch. The divers discover the bodies of the prostitute and the pimp while Hee-jin and Hyun-shik wordlessly take off on his float. The film concludes in enigmatic fashion.

Reception
Like most of the director Kim Ki-duk's films, The Isle wasn't well received in his native country. However, the film and its controversial elements caused some stir in the film festivals it appeared in, causing it to be picked up by others in the process. The film was one of the first Korean films to be presented in the competition category of the Venice Film Festival, following Im Kwon-taek's Surrogate Woman, and Jang Sun-woo's Lies.

The Isle currently holds a 61/100 on Metacritic, and Rotten Tomatoes reports 76% of reviewers as positive; according to the latter aggregator, the critics' consensus is: "A compelling and oddly haunting combination of brutal and beautiful imagery." During its initial screenings, the film gained notoriety through reports of people vomiting or passing out during the viewing. The film was eventually awarded a NETPAC special mention in the festival.

In his review of the film, Roger Ebert, having seen the film at the 2001 Sundance Film Festival, praised the film for its cinematography, while commenting "This is the most gruesome and quease-inducing film you are likely to have seen. You may not even want to read the descriptions in this review."

The festival success of The Isle eventually led to the film getting wider releases in many countries, even though it was seemingly more suited for an art house crowd.

Controversy
There are some controversial scenes in the movie. The two scenes involving attempted suicides with fish hooks caused audiences and some critics to cringe. There are also numerous scenes involving cruelty to animals, which according to the director Kim Ki-duk, were all real.

title: The Isle


text:
Talk:Epson PX-8 Geneva

There was an internal 300 baud modem; I don't recall now whether it was part of the PX-8 itself or the 64k ramdisk module.

-- The modem was part of the ram disk unit. Concept14 22:30, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

 * ram disk + extra battery capacity. I have one of these at home.  It was a great machine.  One of the first truly portable laptops. Sgbeamer (talk) 00:24, 19 April 2024 (UTC)

Only the Multi Unit 64 (H108A) and the Multi Unit II (H115A) had a modem. The RAM Disk Unit 60 and 120 (H102A resp. H103A) did not. Electrickery (talk) 19:10, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Epson PX-8 Geneva


text: Category:Government of Croatia

title: Category:Government of Croatia


text:
Les Temps modernes

Les Temps Modernes (lit. 'Modern Times') was a French journal, founded by Simone de Beauvoir, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Its first issue was published in October 1945. It was named after the 1936 film by Charlie Chaplin.

Les Temps Modernes filled the void left by the disappearance of the most important pre-war literary magazine, La Nouvelle Revue Française (The New French Review), considered to be André Gide's magazine, which was shut down by the authorities after the liberation of France because of its collaboration with the occupation.

Les Temps Modernes was first published by Gallimard and was last published by Gallimard. In between, the magazine changed hands three times: Julliard (January 1949 to September 1965), Presses d'aujourd'hui (October 1964 to March 1985), Gallimard (from April 1985). Les Temps Modernes ceased publication in 2019, after 74 years.

Early history
The first editorial board consisted of Sartre (director), Raymond Aron, Simone de Beauvoir, Michel Leiris, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Albert Ollivier, and Jean Paulhan. All published many articles for the magazine. Sartre's contributions included "La nationalisation de la littérature" ("The Nationalisation of Literature"), "Matérialisme et révolution" ("Materialism and Revolution"), and "Qu'est-ce-que la littérature?" ("What is Literature?"). Simone de Beauvoir first published Le Deuxième Sexe ("The Second Sex") in Les Temps Modernes.

In the preface to the first edition, Sartre stated the review's purpose: to publish littérature engagée. This philosophy of literature expresses a basic creed of existentialism—that an individual is responsible for making conscious decisions to commit socially useful acts. Thus, literature in the magazine would have a utilitarian component; it would not be just culturally valuable ("art for art's sake"). Other intellectuals, such as André Gide, André Breton, and Louis Aragon, disapproved of this orientation. Sartre's response: "Le monde peut fort bien se passer de la littérature. Mais il peut se passer de l'homme encore mieux." ("The world can easily get along without literature. But it can get along even more easily without man.")

The works of many writers appeared in Les Temps Modernes. They include Richard Wright, Jean Genet, Nathalie Sarraute, Boris Vian, and Samuel Beckett.

Political divisions between board members soon surfaced. Raymond Aron quit in 1945 because of the magazine's Communist sympathies, becoming an editor at Le Figaro. At the time of the Korean War of 1950–1953, Merleau-Ponty resigned. Originally more supportive of Communism than Sartre, he moved progressively to the right as Sartre moved to the left. At the time, Sartre still endorsed Communism in his writings but in private expressed his reservations.

Sartre disapproved of Camus for seeing both sides in the Algerians' rebellion against their French colonial masters (The Algerian War—1954–62). In his bitterness against Camus, Sartre selected Francis Jeanson, who did not like the works of Camus, to review the Camus essay L'Homme Révolté (The Rebel). When Camus responded to the review with hurt feelings, Sartre put the final blow to a friendship that had lasted for years. He said, "Vous êtes devenu la proie d'une morne démesure qui masque vos difficultés intérieures. ... Tôt ou tard, quelqu'un vous l'eût dit, autant que ce soit moi." ("You have become the victim of an excessive sullenness that masks your internal problems. ... Sooner or later, someone would have told you, so it might as well be me.")

1960–2019
Les Temps Modernes enjoyed its greatest influence in the 1960s. At this time, it had more than 20,000 subscribers. During the Algerian War (1954–1962) it strongly supported the National Liberation Front, the primary group in the ultimately successful battle against the French. It fiercely denounced the extensive use of torture by French forces, opposed Charles de Gaulle's government, and supported desertion and resistance to conscription. The journal printed testimonies by French soldiers denouncing the war and torture from 1958 to 1962. For this, it was censured and its premises seized.

From its inception the review has published many special issues. These include Sartre's 1946 description of the United States, an attempt to discredit the myths that many of the French held about this country. In 1955, Claude Lanzmann described Sartre's Marxist philosophy in an issue called "La Gauche" ("The Left"). An issue on "La révolte hongroise" ("The Hungarian Rebellion") (1956–57) denounced Soviet repression. In 1967, at the time of the Six-Day War, an issue, "Le conflit israélo-arabe" ("The Israeli-Arab conflict"), contained articles by both Israelis and Arabs. In 1977, North African writers led by Abdelkebir Khatibi published the edition Du Maghreb. In 2001, a special edition was devoted to Serge Doubrovsky.

From 2016, the chief editor of Les Temps Modernes was Claude Lanzmann until his death on 5 July 2018, after a short illness. The editorial board consisted of Juliette Simont (Editorial Assistant to Lanzmann), Adrien Barrot, Jean Bourgault, Joseph Cohen, Michel Deguy, Liliane Kandel, Jean Khalfa, Patrice Maniglier, Robert Redeker, Marc Sagnol, Gérard Wormser, and Raphael Zagury-Orly. It was published bimonthly.

In 2019, following Lanzmann's death, Les Temps Modernes ceased publishing, after 74 years.

title: Les Temps modernes


text:
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

In psychology, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) is a questionnaire to assess the personality traits of a person. It was devised by psychologists Hans Jürgen Eysenck and Sybil B. G. Eysenck.

Hans Eysenck's theory is based primarily on physiology and genetics. Although he was a behaviorist who considered learned habits of great importance, he believed that personality differences are determined by genetic inheritance. He is, therefore, primarily interested in temperament. In devising a temperament-based theory, Eysenck did not exclude the possibility that some aspects of personality are learned, but left the consideration of these to other researchers.

Dimensions
Eysenck initially conceptualized personality as two biologically based independent dimensions of temperament, E and N, measured on a continuum, but then extending this to include a third, P.

E – Extraversion/Introversion: Extraversion is characterized by being outgoing, talkative, high on positive affect (feeling good), and in need of external stimulation. According to Eysenck's arousal theory of extraversion, there is an optimal level of cortical arousal, and performance deteriorates as one becomes more or less aroused than this optimal level. Arousal can be measured by skin conductance, brain waves or sweating. At very low and very high levels of arousal, performance is low, but at a better mid-level of arousal, performance is maximized. Extraverts, according to Eysenck's theory, are chronically under-aroused and bored and are therefore in need of external stimulation to bring them UP to an optimal level of performance. About 16 percent of the population tend to fall in this range. Introverts, on the other hand, (also about 16 percent of the population) are chronically over-aroused and jittery and are therefore in need of peace and quietness to bring them DOWN to an optimal level of performance. Most people (about 68 percent of the population) fall in the midrange of the extraversion/introversion continuum, an area referred to as ambiversion.

N – Neuroticism/Stability: Neuroticism or emotionality is characterized by high levels of negative affect such as depression and anxiety. Neuroticism, according to Eysenck's theory, is based on activation thresholds in the sympathetic nervous system or visceral brain. This is the part of the brain that is responsible for the fight-or-flight response in the face of danger. Activation can be measured by heart rate, blood pressure, cold hands, sweating and muscular tension (especially in the forehead). Neurotic people — who have low activation thresholds, and unable to inhibit or control their emotional reactions, experience negative affect (fight-or-flight) in the face of very minor stressors — are easily nervous or upset. Emotionally stable people — who have high activation thresholds and good emotional control, experience negative affect only in the face of very major stressors — are calm and collected under pressure.

The two dimensions or axes, extraversion-introversion and emotional stability-instability, define four quadrants. These are made up of:
 * Stable extraverts (sanguine qualities such as outgoing, talkative, responsive, easygoing, lively, carefree, leadership)
 * Unstable extraverts (choleric qualities such as touchy, restless, excitable, changeable, impulsive, irresponsible)
 * Stable introverts (phlegmatic qualities such as calm, even-tempered, reliable, controlled, peaceful, thoughtful, careful, passive)
 * Unstable introverts (melancholic qualities such as quiet, reserved, pessimistic, sober, rigid, anxious, moody)

Further research demonstrated the need for a third category of temperament:

P – Psychoticism/Socialisation: Psychoticism is associated not only with the liability to have a psychotic episode (or break with reality), but also with aggression. Psychotic behavior is rooted in the characteristics of toughmindedness, non-conformity, inconsideration, recklessness, hostility, anger and impulsiveness. The physiological basis suggested by Eysenck for psychoticism is testosterone, with higher levels of psychoticism associated with higher levels of testosterone.

The following table describes the traits that are associated with the three dimensions in Eysenck's model of personality:

L – Lie/Social Desirability: Although the first 3 scales were predicted upon a biologically based theory of personality, the fourth scale has not been theoretically specified to the same extent, but it was considered to be conceptually strong to the extent that it would demonstrate the same degree of measurement similarity across cultures.

Criticism
Since the re-evaluation of Eysenck's work in the 21st century, amidst revelations of data fabrication or fraud committed by Eysenck, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire has itself come under scrutiny as potentially biased, flawed, or based upon faulty data.

Versions
EPQ also exists in Finnish and Turkish versions.

In 1985 a revised version of EPQ was described—the EPQ-R—with a publication in the journal Personality and Individual Differences. This version has 100 yes/no questions in its full version and 48 yes/no questions in its short scale version. A different approach to personality measurement developed by Eysenck, which distinguishes between different facets of these traits, is the Eysenck Personality Profiler.

title: Eysenck Personality Questionnaire


text: Category:Lacrimas Profundere albums

title: Category:Lacrimas Profundere albums


text: File:Reflected Twins.jpg

title: File:Reflected Twins.jpg


text:
IEEE 802.11c

IEEE 802.11c is an amendment to the IEEE 802.1D MAC bridging standard to incorporate bridging in wireless bridges or access points. This work is now part of IEEE 802.1D-2004.

802.11c was ratified in October 1998 and is a supplement to IEEE 802.1D that adds requirements associated with bridging 802.11 wireless client devices. In particular it adds a sub clause under 2.5 Support of the Internal Sublayer Service, to cover bridge operations with 802.11 MACs.

title: IEEE 802.11c


text:
Wikipedia talk:Special:BrokenRedirects

Protected edit request on 31 May 2018
Add Category:Redirects to special pages Dpleibovitz (talk) 22:42, 31 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Done. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk, contributions) 09:03, 1 June 2018 (UTC)

Broken redirects bug
Special:BrokenRedirects hasn't been updated since 10 September 2018. It is normally updated every three days. Is there a bug or anything wrong with this special page and some others like Special:DoubleRedirects which also hasn't been updated. Pkbwcgs (talk) 20:24, 13 September 2018 (UTC)
 * It is four days in and it still hasn't been updated. Pkbwcgs (talk) 15:16, 14 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Update to current 2022 2603:9000:F300:7308:FC61:DB22:3F38:B4DC (talk) 20:38, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

Another bug?
There are a few user pages that appear on the Special:BrokenRedirects list even though they have valid redirects. I guess they are false positives and they appear on every list of broken redirects I've seen recently. Is there a way to correct this and get them off the list? They are:
 * User:Meisam.fa
 * User:JackLantern and
 * User:Mvvnlightbabe

I'd post this comment on the talk page of the bot who compiles this list but there is no information about this on the page. Thank you. Liz Read! Talk! 00:58, 18 June 2019 (UTC)

 * Also, File:NYCS map 9.svg always appears on this list even though it isn't a reirect. But it doesn't seem like this talk page is checked very often. Liz Read! Talk! 18:37, 10 July 2019 (UTC)

Other languages links
Why are they not found?

title: Wikipedia talk:Special:BrokenRedirects


text:
Epson PX-8 Geneva

The Epson PX-8 a.k.a. Geneva was a small laptop computer made by the Epson Corporation in the mid-1980s.

It had a Z80 compatible microprocessor, and ran a customized version of the CP/M-80 operating system as well as various applications from a pair of ROM sockets which were treated as drives. For file storage, it had a built-in microcassette drive. The microcassette drive is integrated into CP/M as a disk drive, default designation H:.

The PX-8 did not have an internal disk drive, and instead allowed either memory to be partitioned into application memory and a RAM disk, or an external 60 KB or 120 KB intelligent RAM disk module to be attached (64K and 128K internally but some used for the processor). The intelligent RAM disk module had its own Z80 processor with a backup battery.

The PX-8 had an 80 column by 8 line LCD display, which was monochromatic and non-backlit. It used an internal nickel-cadmium battery, and had a battery life in the range of 6–8 hours when using word-processing software. An additional battery provided backup for the internal RAM.

There were a number of proprietary accessories available including a portable printer, bar code reader, and an early 3.5-inch diskette drive, the PF-10. The disk drives from the HX-20 could also be used. For the ROM cartridge slots a number of applications were available: Basic, CP/M utilities, Portable WordStar, CalcStar, Scheduler, dBase II and Portable Cardbox-Plus.

The PX-8 was not initially a commercial success, especially compared against the TRS-80 Model 100 portable computer but achieved some increased success after a large number were sold discounted in the United States through the DAK Catalog. The PX-8 combined some of the features from its predecessors, the HX-20 being portable, battery operated and the QX-10 being CP/M compatible.

In 1985, Epson introduced the PX-4, combining features from both the PX-8 and the HX-20.

Reception
BYTE in February 1985 called the PX-8 "a good second computer, especially for people with CP/M systems" or WordStar users. The magazine approved of its documentation and tape storage, and described the display as "acceptable" but less legible than the Model 100's. BYTE concluded that "after the disappointment of the Epson HX-20, the Geneva PX-8 represents a giant improvement. It is, at this time, the most powerful 8-bit portable available".

title: Epson PX-8 Geneva


text: User talk:80.6.159.169

title: User talk:80.6.159.169


text:
Stefan Kretzschmar

Stefan Kretzschmar (born 17 February 1973) is a retired professional German handball player. The son of Peter Kretzschmar, a legendary handball player and coach in the former GDR (East Germany) and Waltraud Kretzschmar, a former handball player for the East German team and winner of Olympic team medals in silver (1976) and bronze (1980), he was a three-time Olympic athlete and winner of the Olympic silver medal with the German team in 2004. He is well known for his many tattoos and piercings. He ended his active career on 14 July 2007 and currently resides in Magdeburg, Germany, where he continues to hold a position with the local handball club, SC Magdeburg. His daughter Lucie-Marie Kretzschmar is a professional handball player too and member of the German national team.

Honours

 * Handballer of the year: 1994, 1995
 * Silver Medal (Runners-up), World Championships, 2003
 * International All Star-Team: 1994
 * DHB-Supercup: 2007
 * Handball European Cup: 2002
 * EHF Cup: 2007

title: Stefan Kretzschmar


text:
IEEE 802.11d-2001

IEEE 802.11d-2001 is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 specification that adds support for "additional regulatory domains". This support includes the addition of a country information element to beacons, probe requests, and probe responses. The country information elements simplifies the creation of 802.11 wireless access points and client devices that meet the different regulations enforced in various parts of the world. The amendment has been incorporated into the published IEEE 802.11-2012 standard.

802.11d is a wireless specification for operation in additional regulatory domains. This supplement to the 802.11 specifications defines the physical layer requirements:
 * Channelization
 * Hopping patterns
 * New values for current MIB attributes
 * Future requirements to extend the operation of 802.11 WLANs to new regulatory domains (countries).

The current 802.11 standard defines operation in only a few regulatory domains (countries). This supplement adds the requirements and definitions necessary to allow 802.11 WLAN equipment to operate in markets not served by the current standard. These are anything other than Americas or FCC, Europe or ETSI, Japan, China, Israel, Singapore, Taiwan.

As of January 1, 2015, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission ruled that new devices are not allowed to rely solely on 802.11d for setting country-specific radio parameters.

title: IEEE 802.11d-2001


text:
User talk:Crash0814

You now have a user page. -- RHaworth 08:06, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Image:Milner.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Milner.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Sherool (talk) 16:30, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Milner.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Milner.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Aksibot 10:01, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Crash0814


text:
Bad Guy (2001 film)

Bad Guy is a South Korean film by director Kim Ki-duk about a man who traps a woman into prostitution, then becomes protective of her. The film was controversial for its frank portrayal of gangsters, prostitution, and sexual slavery, but also was a minor box office hit as its release coincided with a burgeoning audience interest in its male lead and director.

Plot
A young lady named Sun-hwa is sitting on a bench when an unusual man comes and sits by her side. She realizes that he is constantly looking at her and walks away, irritated. Her boyfriend comes and while they are talking, the silent man grabs and forcefully kisses her. Her boyfriend tries to pull him away to no avail. When he stops, the woman demands an apology. He starts walking and some soldiers among the crowd that gathered due to the spectacle beat and restrain him. The woman insults him and spits on his face. He remains silent.

Later, the woman is shopping in a bookstore where we see her tear a page from an art book about Egon Schiele she cannot afford to buy. She notices a wallet left on a book beside her and furtively tucks it into her purse, not knowing that it was planted by an associate of the man who kissed her. She hides in the toilet, takes all the money out of the wallet and leaves the store. She is accosted by the owner of the wallet, who demands his stolen wallet, claiming it had 10 million won (the rough equivalent of US$10,000) in it. As the wallet didn't contain that much money she is unable to give it to him, and he proposes a solution – a loan secured on her face and body. After a short time, she is unable to pay the loan shark and is at this point conveniently rescued by the silent man.

She is forcefully taken to a small brothel where she is to work, never leaving until her debt is paid.

She asks the madam for permission to see her boyfriend so that she can give her virginity to him, but when the boyfriend does not respond, the silent man attacks the boyfriend in their car. Adjustment to her new life is hard and her innocence is quickly taken away. The silent man, a pimp enforcer named Han-gi, watches her through the one-way mirror installed in her room. When she later sees him and recognizes him, she realized that he is the one who trapped her in this life and she attacks him.

One of the silent man's fellow pimps also develops a crush on the woman, paying to sleep with her and apologizing for ruining her life. She convinces him to help her escape, then he pulls the iron bars from her window and she sneaks away. Her freedom is short-lived, however, as the silent man finds her (through ingenious use of a T-shirt) and seizes her, taking her back to the brothel. First, though, he takes her to a beach, where they witness a woman committing suicide by drowning. In the sand the woman finds a torn-up photograph.

Back in the brothel the woman reconstructs the photo, taping it to her mirror; she has all of the pieces except the faces of the couple it depicts.

An attack by a rival nearly kills the silent man, but when he returns from the hospital he forbids any retaliation. One of his men kills his attacker anyway; Han-gi confesses to the police to save the man from execution. But the man for whom he has taken a fall is consumed by guilt and commits a crime so that he can be sent to the same prison. On the scheduled day of execution he escapes from his cell, finds the silent man, attacks him viciously, hen confesses everything to the guards, winning his boss's release.

Eventually the woman realizes that she is being spied upon in her room, smashing the mirror to reveal the silent man. It is revealed that the faces of the couple in the photograph are those of Han-gi and Sun-hwa. Han-gi pays the debt of the woman and she decides to stay with him, selling herself to fishermen in the back of a truck to earn them money. The film ends with them sitting by the waterfront, and then driving away, while the Swedish hymn "Blott en dag", written by Lina Sandell, is sung in Swedish in the background by Carola Häggkvist.

Cast

 * Cho Jae-hyun as Han-gi
 * Seo Won as Sun-hwa
 * Kim Yoon-tae as Yoon-tae
 * Choi Deok-moon as Myung-soo
 * Kim Jung-young as Eun-hye
 * Choi Yoon-young as Hyun-ja
 * Shin Yoo-jin as Min-jung
 * Namkoong Min as Hyun-soo

title: Bad Guy (2001 film)


text: User:Meiers Twins/Twins

title: User:Meiers Twins/Twins


text:
Odori ebi

"dancing shrimp" (踊り海老/躍り海老) is a sushi delicacy of Japan, and a form of sashimi. The sushi contains baby shrimp that are still alive and able to move their legs and antennae while being eaten. The meal is prepared quickly to keep the shrimp alive, and when it is eaten the shrimp are usually dunked into sake so as to intoxicate the shrimp, then into a special dipping sauce, and finally quickly chewed to kill it.

The shrimp can be served either whole or shelled with the head removed; the head and shell are sometimes quickly deep fried and served on the side.

Consuming uncooked shellfish may be a serious health hazard due to the risk of paragonimiasis.

title: Odori ebi


text:
Wikipedia talk:Stress alerts

What is the purpose of the project?
Can someone please explain to me in a coherent fashion how this page is related to writing an on-line encyclopedia? I am considering nominating this project for deletion. Lunokhod 23:06, 1 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Wow, that was quick. About five hours fifteen minutes after this was salvaged from Esperanza, and already cries for deletion!
 * Take from my simple, open minded explaination what you will; The idea behind a Stress Alerts page is to offer support to those wikipedians, who are the ones who write the encyclopedia, when they are, stressed, ill, leaving, etc, and also find out who is leaving wikipedia, offering support if that is what's needed, or wishing well in the future if that is needed. In doing this, the objective is to aid editors who wish to edit again happy with Wikipedia, and get them editing the encyclopedia again.
 * As I say, I'm arguing neither for, nor against this programme, only trying to explain what the point behind this project is. Thε Halo Θ  23:35, 1 January 2007 (UTC)
 * (I'm quoting myself on this here): When people are stressed out by vandal warring or editing problems on Wikipedia, or when real life is impacting their editing, a nice word from a few editors can go a really long way. This page allows that to happen; rather than just a few editors perhaps seeing when an editor is stressed out by running past their userpage, many people who are glad to cheer someone up can find out, and help them relax so they can get back to editing. As for editors who are thinking about leaving Wikipedia/have left it's up to every individual editor to react to someone deciding to leave Wikipedia. We've all seen people beg editors to come back, but it's really about accepting and supporting whatever an editor chooses to do. By having this page, and by knowing when someone is leaving Wikipedia, we can wish them well in the future and make them feel a little better about their editing experiences here. -- Nataly a 01:19, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

Sick for 7 months?
I've removed a "sick user" alert, which has been posted up for 7 months already. It doesn't make sense to keep it, since a person who fell ill 7 months later should have recovered already, or if anything left Wikipedia, or even the Earth. --Deryck C. 14:26, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

See Ya
Going away HamedogTalk|@ 05:24, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Stress alerts


text:
Margot Arce de Vázquez

Dr. Margot Arce de Vázquez (March 10, 1904 – November 14, 1990) was a writer, essayist and educator who founded the Puerto Rican Academy of the Spanish Language.

Early years
Arce de Vázquez was born and raised in Caguas, Puerto Rico, where she received her primary and secondary education. In 1922, she graduated from that city's Central High School and following her graduation enrolled in the University of Puerto Rico in Río Piedras, San Juan.

As a university student she sympathized with the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party and became involved in the independence movement of the island. She was also the editor of the university's newspaper where she often expressed her views. After she majored and earned her bachelor's degree in mathematics and Spanish she went to Spain and enrolled in the Central University of Madrid. Among her educators were the essayist Américo Castro and the poet Dámaso Alonso. Their teachings influenced Arce de Vázquez for the rest of her life. In 1930, she earned her doctorate in philosophy and letters. Her thesis was about Garcilaso de la Vega, a work which she would publish later in her life.

Educator
When Arce de Vázquez returned to Puerto Rico, she was hired by her alma mater. She founded the Department of Hispanic Studies and was its director from 1943 to 1965. Among the distinguished Puerto Ricans she influenced were Luis de Arrigoitia, Mariano Feliciano, José Ferrer Canales and Rosario Ferré. In 1953, she helped organize and presided over the committee in charge of transferring the body of Puerto Rican poet Julia de Burgos from New York City to the island. In 1955, Arce de Vázquez founded the Puerto Rican Academy of the Spanish Language. During her spare time she wrote essays expressing her pro-independence views, which were published in many of the island's magazines and newspapers.

Author
Arce de Vázquez edited the works of Puerto Rican poet Luis Palés Matos. Two of her most important works were: Notas Puertorriqueñas (1950) (Puerto Rican Notes) and Gabriela Mistral, persona y poesía (1958) (Gabriela Mistral: The Poet and her Work). These works were highly acclaimed and received awards from the Puerto Rican Institute of Literature.

Written works

 * Literatura puertorriqueña
 * Obras Completas De Margot Arce De Vázquez
 * Gabriela Mistral: The Poet and Her Work
 * Lecturas Puertorriqueñas: Prosa (Puerto Rico: Realidad y Anhelo, Número 2), by Mariana Robles de Cardona, Margot Arce de Vázquez (Editor)

Final years
The Puerto Rican Academy of the Spanish Language bestowed upon Arce de Vázquez the title of "Profesora Emeritus" upon her retirement in 1970. Dr. Margot Arce de Vázquez died on November 14, 1990, in Hato Rey, Puerto Rico from Alzheimer's disease. She was buried at the Puerto Rico Memorial Cemetery in Carolina, Puerto Rico.

In memory
In 1996, the Río Piedras Rotary Club dedicated the 50th anniversary issue of their magazine Asomante to the memory of Arce de Vázquez and to Nilita Vientos Gastón. Also in 1996, the Central University of Bayamón honored her memory by renaming their library after her.

title: Margot Arce de Vázquez


text:
San Roque, Spain

San Roque is a municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Cádiz, which in turn is part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is also part of the comarca of Campo de Gibraltar. Located in the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula, San Roque is a short way inland of the north side of the Bay of Gibraltar, to the north of the Gibraltar peninsula. The municipality has a total surface of 145 km2 with a population of approximately 25,500 people, as of 2005.

The foundation of San Roque as a city owes to the creation of a sort of Gibraltar-in-exile by refugees fleeing from the Rock in the wake of its seizure by Anglo-Dutch forces in 1704.

In addition of the main nucleus of San Roque, the municipality also includes settlements such as Puente Mayorga, Guadarranque (settlement), Sotogrande, Campamento, or Guadiaro.

Placename
San Roque is Spanish for Saint Roch, a Christian saint who was revered in a shrine dating back to 1508 that predates the foundation of the town.

Geography
San Roque lies in the comarca of Campo de Gibraltar, the south-eastern division of Cadiz province. It is bordered to the northwest by the municipalities of Jimena de la Frontera, Castellar de la Frontera, and Los Barrios, and to the south by La Línea de la Concepción, beyond which is Gibraltar itself.

Precedents
The area around San Roque has been inhabited since prehistoric times. The oldest known settlement within the municipality is the ruined town of Carteia, founded by the Phoenicians. It became a Phoenician tradepost and evolved into a Carthaginian town by 228 BCE. Its major trade was in local wine and garum or salazón, a fish-based sauce.

Carteia was captured by Rome in 206 BCE. A few years later, in 171 BCE, Iberian-born children of Roman soldiers appeared before the Roman Senate to request a town to live in, and were given Carteia, named Colonia Libertinorum Carteia.

After the fall of Rome, the Vandals briefly established themselves in the area until 428 before they embarked on the conquest of North Africa, via an invasion fleet across the Strait of Gibraltar. The Visigoths replaced them around the 6th century. The Byzantine Empire made incursions into Andalusia between 554 and 626, occupying Carteia for a number of years, before finally being ejected by the Visigoths.

In 711, Carteia and the surrounding area became the beachhead for the Umayyad conquest of the Iberian Peninsula led by Tariq ibn Ziyad. Alfonso XI of Castile took control of the territory by defeating a Muslim Merinid army in the 14th century. Over the next few centuries, the population was gradually Hispanicised and Christianised.

In 1649 a quarter of the Gibraltar population perished from epidemic disease. A number of residents retreated to the area of San Roque, and survived the outbreak, believed to be typhoid.

Foundation
The modern settlement of San Roque was established by the former Spanish inhabitants of Gibraltar, after the majority fled following the takeover by Anglo-Dutch forces and their Spanish allies during the War of the Spanish Succession in 1704. The establishment became a new town in 1706, addressed by King Philip V of Spain as "My city of Gibraltar resident in its Campo" and "My well beloved", because it remained loyal to his cause during the War of Succession. Gibraltar's City Council, banner and records were moved there. San Roque official motto is "Very Noble and Very Loyal city of San Roque, where Gibraltar lives on" (Spanish: Muy Noble y Muy Leal ciudad de San Roque, donde reside la de Gibraltar).

In 1873, during the Spanish First Republic, the town declared its independence as the Canton of San Roque for a few months.

Main sights
The New Saint Roch's Chapel (Sp.: Ermita de San Roque) was erected in 1801. Its style is neoclassical. The shrine houses a statue of Saint Roch. In the fourth week of April every year, a procession is held on the saint's honour, with people carrying his image on a float. The statue is then taken from the temple to the Pinar del Rey pinewoods nearby and back. During the Spanish War of Independence, Saint Roch's Chapel was ransacked by the Napoleonic troops and the historic statue of the saint was destroyed. The image was replaced in 1833 by a new one donated by an army captain from San Roque called Juan Rojas, who was stationed in Seville. At the time this city was suffering from cholera epidemics, so Captain Rojas vowed to make the effigy himself if he and his family recovered from the disease. This happened indeed and the new image of Saint Roch was donated to the church by Rojas.

The parish church, Santa María La Coronada Church, is consecrated to Saint Mary the Crowned and it was declared a listed building in 1974. The main building dates from the 18th century and features Spanish-Tuscan architecture and Baroque artwork. Work began in 1735 on the construction of a church over the foundations of the 1508 Chapel of Saint Roch.

The Governor's Palace (Palacio de los Gobernadores), which houses the municipal art gallery "Luis Ortega Bru", is also located in the same square.

The oldest bar in the town is the Bar Torres, adjacent to the central square.

Mathew Arnold's brother is buried in San Roque.

Economy and industry
The main economic activities are tourism and manufacturing.

CEPSA Gibraltar-San Roque Refinery, built in 1967, is situated in Guadarranque Industrial Estate. It is the largest in the Iberian Peninsula, with a crude oil daily processing capacity of 240,000 barrels per day.

Local San Roque Club is an important source of tourism. Sotogrande is an exclusive beach and golf resort located in the municipality.

The beaches of Campamento and Puente Mayorga, although no longer so popular as in the sixties due to the nearby industrial activity, are close to San Roque town, facing the Bay of Gibraltar.

Fairs
The Feria Real de San Roque (Royal Fair of San Roque in English), is the city's main yearly Street fair, held on the second Tuesday of August. The fair begins with the coronation ceremony of the juvenile and child queens and their respective courts, although the stands and attractions located in the Fairground El Ejido do not open until Wednesday, the day of the inaugural cavalcade. The Royal Fair closes on a Sunday night with a fireworks show and at 7am on the Monday with the Running of the Bulls known locally as Toro del Aguardiente which has occurred yearly since 1649, named as terrified participants are given a shot of the strong alcoholic spirit ‘Aguardiente’ for courage, before running with the bulls to the San Roque bullring, marking the end of the fair.

Notable residents

 * Carlos Pacheco (comic book artist)

Sister cities

 * 🇯🇵 Tako, Chiba, Japan.
 * Pylaia, Thessaloniki, Greece

title: San Roque, Spain


text: File:Ring tailed lemur and twins - Close.jpg


text: User talk:86.134.83.150

title: User talk:86.134.83.150


text:
Jason John

Jason John may refer to:

 * Jason Herbert (born 1967), also known as Jason John, British musician, member of Big Fun
 * Jason John (athlete) (born 1971), British sprinter

title: Jason John


text:
User:Jayh2724

.

title: User:Jayh2724


text:
Christopher Andrew (historian)

Christopher Maurice Andrew, (born 23 July 1941) is an Emeritus Professor of Modern and Contemporary History at the University of Cambridge with an interest in international relations and in particular the history of intelligence services.

Andrew is a former Chair of the History Faculty at Cambridge University, Official Historian of the Security Service (MI5), Honorary Air Commodore of 7006 (VR) Intelligence Squadron in the Royal Auxiliary Air Force, Chairman of the Cambridge Intelligence Seminar, and former Visiting Professor at Harvard, Toronto and Canberra. Andrew served as co-editor of Intelligence and National Security, and a presenter of BBC radio and TV documentaries, including the Radio Four series What If?. His twelve previous books include a number of studies on the use and abuse of secret intelligence in modern history.

Life
Andrew was educated at Norwich School, where he is now a governor. He read history at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, graduating with MA and PhD degrees. He has been a fellow of the college since 1967.

Andrew studied under the historian and wartime cryptanalyst Sir Harry Hinsley, in common with fellow historian Peter Hennessy. Former students of Andrew, including Peter Jackson, Tim Edwards, David Gioe, Larry Valero and Wesley Wark, now staff the intelligence studies and intelligence history posts in universities around the English-speaking world, and many others such as Thomas Maguire and Christian Schlaepfer continue to work in intelligence related positions in both government and private industry.

Andrew produced two studies in collaboration with two defectors and former KGB officers: Oleg Gordievsky and Vasili Mitrokhin. The first of these works, KGB: The Inside Story was a scholarly work on the history of KGB actions against Western governments produced from archival and open sources, with the critical addition of information from the KGB defector Gordievsky.

Andrew's two most detailed works about the KGB were produced in collaboration with the KGB defector and archivist Mitrokhin, who over the course of several years recopied vast numbers of KGB archive documents as they were being moved for long storage. Exfiltrated by the Secret Intelligence Service in 1992, Mitrokhin and his documents were made available to Andrew after an initial and thorough review by the security services. Both volumes, the 1999 The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB and the 2005 edition The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World (both volumes were simply titled The Mitrokhin Archive during their UK publication), resulted in some public scandal as they revealed the names of former KGB agents and collaborators in government, industry and private life around the world. A revelation in 1999 was that Melita Norwood, then long retired, had passed information about the development of nuclear weapons and other intelligence to the KGB for several decades.

The Cambridge Intelligence Seminar, chaired by Andrew (and founded by his late mentor Harry Hinsley), convenes regularly at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Active and former senior members of various intelligence services around the world participate in the discussions, with most participants made up of Andrew's graduate students, fellow historians and other academics. At these meetings, detailed analysis of various past and present intelligence affairs is discussed under the Chatham House Rule with the confidence that it will not be attributed to a person or organisation. Andrew is on the editorial board of the Journal of Intelligence and Terrorism Studies.

In February 2003, Andrew accepted the post of official historian for the Security Service MI5 to write an official history of the service due for its centenary in 2009. The appointment, which entailed Andrew's enrolment into the Security Service, was criticised by some historians and commentators, that he was too close to MI5 to be impartial and that his link with the Service (formalised with his privileged access to the defectors Gordievsky and Mitrokhin) made him a "court historian", instead of an objective scholar. Persistent, if unfounded, rumours that Andrew was "MI5's main recruiter in Cambridge" have done little to quieten critics. Andrew's response to the criticisms has been that he cannot afford to be biased towards the service. He said, "Posterity and postgraduates are breathing down my neck".

Honours, decorations, awards and distinctions

 * Fellow of the Royal Historical Society
 * Chair of the British Intelligence Study Group
 * Co-founding editor of Intelligence and National Security
 * Honorary doctorate in strategic intelligence from the US National Defense University

Select bibliography

 * Théophile Delcassé and the Making of the Entente Cordiale (1968)
 * France Overseas: The Great War and the Climax of French Imperial Expansion (1981) (with A.S. Kanya-Forstner)
 * The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century (1984) (with David Dilks)
 * Secret Service: The Making of the British Intelligence Community (1985)
 *  Her Majesty's Secret Service:The Making of the British Intelligence Community (American Edition 1986,1987)
 * Codebreaking and Signals Intelligence (1986)
 * Intelligence and International Relations 1900–1945 (1987) (with Jeremy Noakes)
 * KGB: The Inside Story of its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev (1990) (with Oleg Gordievsky)
 * Instructions from The Centre: Top Secret Files on KGB Foreign Operations 1975–1985 (1991) (published in the USA as: Comrade Kryuchkov's Instructions) (with Oleg Gordievsky)
 * More Instructions from The Centre: Top Secret Files on KGB Global Operations 1975–1985 (1992) (with Oleg Gordievsky)
 * Comrade Kryuchkov's Instructions: Top Secret Files on KGB Foreign Operations, 1975–1985 (1994)
 * For The President's Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency from Washington to Bush (1995)
 * Eternal Vigilance? Fifty Years of the CIA (1997) (with Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones)
 * The Mitrokhin Archive. Vol. II: The KGB and the World (2005) (with Vasili Mitrokhin)
 * The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5 (2009) ISBN 978-0-307-26363-6
 * The Secret World: A History of Intelligence (2018) ISBN 978-0-300-23844-0
 * The Secret World: A History of Intelligence (2018) ISBN 978-0-300-23844-0

title: Christopher Andrew (historian)


text:
DAK Industries

The DAK Catalog was published by DAK Industries, a discount electronics importer in the United States, and was named after the initials of the company's owner, Drew Alan Kaplan.

Founding
DAK Industries was founded in 1966 and during the 1980s became a mail-order electronics firm based in Canoga Park, Los Angeles, California. A gadget enthusiast, Kaplan founded his business while studying psychology at UCLA. On the side, he sold reel-to-reel tapes and installed stereos.

Kaplan spent five years at UCLA, but never earned a degree, then went into business full-time, setting up shop in North Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, to sell recording tapes. The Los Angeles Times once called DAK "the L.L.Bean of consumer electronics", adding though that Kaplan was reclusive and rarely granted interviews, and refused to be photographed.

1980s
Before the Internet, companies like DAK relied on catalogs and print ads to generate sales and incurred high costs for printing and mailing. A large enterprise would have to create a great many catalogs to get sufficient sales. In 1985, Kaplan was involved in a lawsuit with his former printer, and court records show that he had ordered a run of 3.8 million catalogs.

By the late 1980s, DAK was a $120 million per year business with around 400 full-time workers. It was selling everything from radar detectors and stereo speakers to security lighting systems, hand-held photocopiers, and televisions with two-inch screens.

Kaplan's 1/4 in DAK catalogue was mailed across the United States and Canada, and its hallmark was the unusual first-person style of the ads, each with Kaplan's byline and with up to 1,400 words of text per page.

DAK was responsible for bringing a number of electronic gadgets previously unknown or little known in the US market to the public's attention; among these included an early bread making machine, and an early laptop computer, the Epson PX-8 Geneva.

Bankruptcy
In 1992, DAK Industries filed a petition seeking relief under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. DAK was forced to file for protection when Tokai Bank, a Japanese bank, suddenly pulled DAK's $18 million line of credit in August 1992. DAK continued in business until the case was converted to Chapter 7 in December 1994 and the company's inventory was liquidated.

Kaplan wrote on his website, "Well the truth is, in 1994 I lost DAK. And it closed. I really can't blame anyone but myself. I was behind the banking relationship. It was the beginning of the Asian Meltdown. As far as I can see, my bank decided to retrench and we lost our credit line. I had never been able to find an American bank that liked the high volume/low margin business I had built."

DAK's catalog mailing list and customer database was valuable and was sold during the bankruptcy proceedings to VentureDirect Worldwide. It was managed by Xactmail.com, a division of VentureDirect. Kaplan said it was not his buyers list, but a list of former DAK customers matched up against some other database.

Microsoft dispute
During the bankruptcy case, computer software giant Microsoft lost a lawsuit against DAK Industries. It was a decision that has had significant implications for software licensors and also copyright license agreements under which distributors are given the right to sublicense or sell directly videos, theater or television rights, or other exploitations of intellectual property. Microsoft had sought to obtain payment from DAK for a non-exclusive software licensing agreement covering mostly its Word product.

The dispute was based on principles of bankruptcy law. A company in bankruptcy generally does not pay its debts while courts determine which creditors should get paid. But if that applied to all debts, no one would extend further credit to the company and it would be less able to administer the bankruptcy and ensure fair payment to its existing creditors. Therefore, bankruptcy law gives priority to new debts, incurred after filing of the bankruptcy, as part of administering the bankruptcy.

DAK continued to use a copyright license from Microsoft after filing bankruptcy and did not make royalty payments to Microsoft, classifying the money owed to Microsoft as just another debt so that Microsoft would have to compete with other creditors for payment. Microsoft contended that the ongoing use of the license constituted an administrative expense and extension of credit by Microsoft, so should have priority over previous debt.

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held, however, that DAK's bankruptcy case was not entitled to priority as administrative expenses, and would instead be treated as non-priority general unsecured claims. Moreover, it found DAK as the debtor/licensee was not otherwise required to pay any administrative expense for its post-bankruptcy use of the license. Thus, DAK was not required to make any administrative payments to Microsoft, even though DAK made significant use of the copyright license following the Chapter 11 filing.

Rising from the ashes
After a few years hiatus, Kaplan founded a successor business online, DAK 2000. He got back the website dak.com from the Drew Kaplan Agency, Inc. after a May 2000 arbitration. In 2012 Kaplan, now aged 66, sold the business to his longtime associate, Sol Harari, and retired from business altogether. Under Harari, DAK has continued to advertise electronics products using Kaplan's distinctive, personal and hyperverbal style. According to the company's current website, it is now located in Brooklyn, New York.

title: DAK Industries


text:
Brunnichia

The genus Brunnichia, also known as redvine, ladies' eardrops, or buckwheat vine, are perennial woody vines native to the United States.

Redvine is a native species to the US and a favored plant for honey production by beekeepers. In January 2019, the largest honey producer in Arkansas announced they were closing production due to damage to native wildflowers from the herbicide Dicamba, and possibly relocating to Mississippi. Redvine was specifically cited by the owner of Crooked Creek Bee Company as an example of native vegetation being destroyed leading to an inferior product.

Redvine species are a pest when they grow within crops; for example, Brunnichia ovata is a significant problem in soybean crops in the Mississippi Delta. It is an example for thigmotropism. Usually thigmotropism occurs when plants grow around a surface, such as a wall, pot, or trellis. Climbing plants, such as vines, develop tendrils that coil around supporting objects. Touched cells produce auxin and transport it to untouched cells. Some untouched cells will then elongate faster so cell growth bends around the object. Some seedlings also exhibit triple response, caused by pulses of ethylene which cause the stem to thicken and curve to start growing horizontally.

title: Brunnichia


text:
Category talk:Normans

This category is unable to distinguish between Normans and absolutely everybody born in Normandy. --Wetman 08:16, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Does this matter? I notice, for example, that Category:Welsh people doesn't distinguish between Mediaeval Welsh people and Welsh people from other historical periods. Would Natives of Normandy be better, perhaps? Man vyi 07:15, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

The inhabitants of Normandy have no connection with the Norse-people and the Category:Viking Age people. Normans (from Normandy) of scandinavian descent are a minority and this minority was only partially of scandinavian descent, mostly by the father's side, like the Dukes of Normandy. Normans (from Normandy), are mostly of Gallo-Roman descent. Folklore, fantasy, not reality. 88.178.38.7 (talk) 18:33, 3 July 2011 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Normans


text: Category:User sql-3

title: Category:User sql-3


text: Template:Eastern panhandle of West Virginia


text:
Geoffrey Miller (psychologist)

Geoffrey Franklin Miller (born 1965) is an American evolutionary psychologist, author, and associate professor of psychology at the University of New Mexico. He is known for his research on sexual selection in human evolution.

Education, career, and personal life
Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Miller graduated from Columbia University in 1987, where he earned a BA in biology and psychology. He received his PhD in cognitive psychology from Stanford University in 1993, with Roger N. Shepard as principal adviser.

Miller has held positions as a postdoctoral researcher in the evolutionary and adaptive systems group in the School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences at the University of Sussex (1992–94); lecturer in the department of psychology at the University of Nottingham (1995); research scientist at the Center for Adaptive Behavior and Cognition at the Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research, Munich, Germany (1995–96); and senior research fellow at the Centre for Economic Learning and Social Evolution, University College London (1996–2000). He has worked at the University of New Mexico since 2001, where he is associate professor. In 2009, he was visiting scientist at the Genetic Epidemiology Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Australia.

In 2015, in collaboration with writer Tucker Max, Miller launched The Mating Grounds, a podcast and blog offering advice about men's sexual strategies.

Miller has an adult daughter and also helped raise two teenage stepchildren from a previous relationship.

On November 29, 2019, he married fellow American evolutionary psychologist Diana Fleischman. The couple had earlier appeared together in an interview, advocating for polyamory. They had their first child together in the spring of 2022.

Human cognition

Miller's 2003 book, The Mating Mind: How Sexual Choice Shaped the Evolution of Human Nature, proposes that human mate choices, courtship behavior, behavior genetics, psychometrics, and life cycle patterns support the survival value of traits related to sexual selection, such as art, morality, language, and creativity. According to Miller, the adaptive design features of these traits suggest that they evolved through mutual mate choice by both sexes to advertise intelligence, creativity, moral character, and heritable fitness. He also cites the Fisherian runaway, a model created by Ronald Fisher to explain phenomena such as the peacock's plumage as forming through a positive feedback loop through sexual selection, as well as the handicap principle.

In an article entitled What should we be worried about? Miller talked about eugenics in China and how Deng Xiaoping instigated the one-child policy, "partly to curtail China's population explosion, but also to reduce dysgenic fertility". He argued that if China is successful, and given what he calls the lottery of Mendelian genetics, it may increase the IQ of its population, perhaps by 5–15 IQ points per generation. In an evaluation of Chinese population policy, he openly supports it by stating:"There is unusually close cooperation in China between government, academia, medicine, education, media, parents, and consumerism in promoting a utopian Han ethno-state. Given what I understand of evolutionary behavior genetics, I expect — and hope — that they will succeed. The welfare and happiness of the world's most populous country depends upon it."He concludes that if these politics are successful, it "would be game over for Western global competitiveness" within a couple of generations, and hopes the West will respect and learn from China in this eugenic experiment rather than citing "bioethical panic" in order to attack these policies.

Consumerism
In his 2009 book, Spent: Sex, Evolution and the Secrets of Consumerism, Miller used Darwinism to gain an understanding of consumerism and how marketing has exploited our inherited instincts to display social status for reproductive advantage. He argues that in the modern marketing-dominated culture, "coolness" at the conscious level, and the consumption choices it drives, is an aberration of the genetic legacy of two million years of living in small groups, where social status has been a critical force in reproduction. Miller's thesis is that marketing persuades people—particularly the young—that the most effective way to display that status is through consumption choices, rather than conveying such traits as intelligence and personality through more natural means of communication, such as simple conversation.

Miller argues that marketing limits its own success by using simplistic models of human nature, lacking the insights of evolutionary psychology and behavioural ecology, with a belief "that premium products are bought to display wealth, status, and taste, and they miss the deeper mental traits that people are actually wired to display, traits such as kindness, intelligence, and creativity", which limits the success of marketing.

Abnormal psychology
Miller's clinical interests are the application of fitness indicator theory to understand the symptoms, demographics, and behavior genetics of schizophrenia and mood disorders. His other interests include the origins of human preferences, aesthetics, utility functions, human strategic behavior, game theory, experiment-based economics, the ovulatory effects on female mate preferences, and the intellectual legacies of Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Thorstein Veblen.

In 2007, Miller (with Joshua Tybur and Brent Jordan) published an article in Evolution and Human Behavior, concluding that lap dancers make more money during ovulation. For this paper, Miller won the 2008 Ig Nobel Award in Economics.

Virtue signaling
Miller has written extensively about virtue signalling, describing it to be an innate human act used as a psychological and political tool. He applies the concept of virtue signaling to his own life living as a libertarian in a politically divided climate with a politically fertile upbringing, and criticizes the use of the term as it pertains to the expression of free speech.

Self-censorship among college professors
In 2024, Miller co-authored a paper arguing that American professors self-censor their political opinions due to concerns about social and professional repercussions. Despite these issues, Miller's own Twitter account shows few such concerns, including comments about Wikipedia being run by "radical woke Leftist activists", a refusal to call the January 6 United States Capitol attack an insurrection, and the insistence that in October 2024, Democrats will stage a "false flag 'terrorist attack' with a high death count that can be blamed on 'far-right MAGA extremists'" in order to retain the U.S. presidency.

Controversy
In June 2013, controversy arose after Miller tweeted: "Dear obese PhD applicants: if you didn't have the willpower to stop eating carbs, you won't have the willpower to do a dissertation #truth". Miller faced criticism from some students and faculty that he perpetuated the social stigma of obesity. He later released an apology and said that it was part of a "research project". Institutional review boards at the University of New Mexico, Miller's home university, and New York University, where he was a visiting professor, released statements saying that Miller's tweet was "self-promotional" and cannot be considered research. Miller was taken off all admissions committees for the remainder of the year and required to complete a sensitivity training project, meet with the department chair, and apologize to his colleagues. The University of New Mexico formally censured Miller in August 2013.

title: Geoffrey Miller (psychologist)


text:
IEEE 802.11h-2003

IEEE 802.11h-2003, or simply 802.11h, refers to a 2003 amendment added to the IEEE 802.11 standard for Spectrum and Transmit Power Management Extensions. It addresses problems like interference with satellites and radar using the same 5 GHz frequency band. It was originally designed to address European regulations but is now applicable in many other countries. The standard provides Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) and Transmit Power Control (TPC) to the 802.11a PHY. It has since been integrated into the full IEEE 802.11-2007 standard.

Motivation
Wireless technology has been more and more popular and a lot of standards have been finalized over the past decade. This holds especially for ISM bands (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) which are unlicensed and free to use. The problem, however, is the coexistence between these heterogeneous wireless networks. To address the coexistence problems in those bands, the IEEE has started the 802.11h Working Group to make recommendations for better future coexistence. It addresses problems like interference with satellites and radar using the same 5 GHz frequency band.

title: IEEE 802.11h-2003


text:
Li Ming Hu

Li-Ming Hu (born June 22, 1987), is a New Zealand actress, artist, and musician. She is best known for playing Li Mei Chen in Shortland Street, Gemma/RPM Operator Silver in Power Rangers RPM, and Lisa Fong in the short film Take 3.

Biography
Hu was born to Chinese-Singaporean immigrant parents in Palmerston North. After receiving her master's degree in history from the University of Auckland, she started her acting career at Shortland Street portraying Li Mei Chen, who was once described as "mean and cantankerous". Her character initially began as a medical student, who quickly graduated to doctor, and was known for her ambition and abrasive manner. After a three-year stint, Li Mei was killed off with a deadly virus.

Hu was a Treasure Island contestant and television presenter, and starred as Gemma/RPM Operator Silver in Power Rangers RPM, which she later reprised nine years later in Power Rangers Super Ninja Steel.

Other interests
Hu also holds a Master of Arts degree in history from the University of Auckland, where she also tutored. She worked at the New Zealand Human Rights Commission for a number of years, and was working on a visual arts degree at Auckland University of Technology, with a focus on sculpture, installation and performance.

Hu also starred with Andy Wong in Lantern, a stage play in which both of them together play ten characters in total.

Hu later emigrated to the United States and as of 2018, was in the School of the Art Institute of Chicago masters programme. She is an artist who is part of the Riff Raff duo alongside Daphne Simons and has appeared at the Art Institute of Chicago and in Wassaic, New York. Hu is also a musician who formed half of the musical project The Tokey Tones with Scott Mannion.

Television

 * Xena: Warrior Princess, Amazon
 * Shortland Street, Li Mei Chen
 * Spin Doctors (two seasons)
 * Power Rangers RPM, Gemma/RPM Operator Silver
 * The Shannara Chronicles, Advisor Shona
 * Power Rangers Super Ninja Steel, Gemma/RPM Operator Silver

Film

 * Take 3
 * ''Kawa, Alice

title: Li Ming Hu


text: Category:Ben Lee albums

title: Category:Ben Lee albums


text:
Talk:San Diego Trolley

Station History
I've updated existing page content and added a history component. Does anyone know when the San Diego Square station (C Street between 7th and 8th Avenues) closed? Also, can someone verify the Bayfront/E Street station opened in 1985, and not early 1986? -DavDaven 05:26, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Before the Euclid Line (Now Orange Line) Opened to Euclid, trains ran on the south track between San Diego Square and the original Sante Fe stop. I am 99% sure that San Diego Square closed the day that trains to Euclid started to run. --Jmohler1970 16:48, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

I have answer to "San Diego Square Station". Here is a picture with explaination: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sdmts/8747107339 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mxsant (talk • contribs) 20:40, 17 May 2013 (UTC)

lost and found needs improving — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.27.52.190 (talk) 02:18, 4 October 2023 (UTC)

Animated GIF
I Uploaded an animated GIF with the SDTI fleet and posted it tin the mane image area. I'm still tweaking the gif and wanted to know the opinion of everyone else regarding adding the newly restored PCC car to the slideshow.--Charles E. Keisler (talk), A+ Network+ and Security+ Certified 00:32, 24 August 2011 (UTC)

September 2, 2012 Major Service Changes
I've fixed the termini for all 3 main lines (Blue, Orange and Green) for the new routes, but someone needs to recalculate the lengths and check/fix the links to the pages for each of those lines if need be. In addition, is the special event line changing? --Frank Lofaro Jr. (talk) 08:48, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * The special event line is being eliminated. the green line will serve special events.--68.8.122.208 (talk) 01:30, 4 September 2012 (UTC)

San Diego Rail Project
I have deleted a section called "San Diego Rail Project" that refers to a website with a fictional depiction of a future Trolley system. The section was as follows:
 * In 2011, The San Diego Rail Project was introduced after two years of development. The project is an independent light rail transit study that shares a vision of what the trolley system can become in the next 100 years. For more information visit: www.sandiegorailproject.com.

and included a PDF map of this "Alternate Vision". This "study" (apparently a school project by a USC student) was not commissioned by SanDAG, has no official status whatsoever, and as far as I can tell has had no media coverage either. It clearly does not meet notability guidelines. I have removed the section several times before, but it is continually re-inserted by Albewilliams, who would seem to be the same Albert Williams mentioned on the project's "About Us" page as the designer and who has made no edits beyond this article. As such, the section is also a violation of conflict of interest guidelines as well. Please do NOT re-insert this material until these concerns are addressed. -70.181.232.193 (talk) 10:07, 31 December 2012 (UTC)

Park-and-Ride
Do any stations provide parking for trolley customers? As a prospective user, I wanted to know about parking, but I found nothing. This would be good to add.76.121.0.141 (talk) 06:01, 7 September 2013 (UTC)
 * You need to look at the List of San Diego Trolley stations page - any station that has the Parking icon in the Parking column has free public parking (i.e. Park & Ride). --IJBall (talk) 06:10, 7 September 2013 (UTC)

Table of Average Weekday Ridership figures
I have just added a (collapsed) table of quarterly Average Weekday Ridership figures going back to 1996 to the 'Ridership' section of the San Diego Trolley article. I am interested in opinions on this addition – re: whether it contains too much data and should possibly be cut back to quarterly riderhship figures starting with 2005. If anyone has an opinion on this, please go ahead and reply here! Thanks. --IJBall (talk) 02:19, 22 June 2014 (UTC)

Careful Light rail system
I have noticed that the San Diego Trolley System never gets crashes or incidents which is good for the system and for MTS. — Preceding unsigned comment added by MTSRider18 (talk • contribs) 06:32, 13 July 2014 (UTC)

Average Weekday Ridership table
I suggest we trim the 'Average Weekday Ridership' table. Right now it's listing ridership for every quarter between 1996 and 2014. I would advise that, instead, we choose one quarter – possibly Q3 – and report just that quarter's figures for every year between 1996 and 2019.

Does anyone object to this?

We can always post the current table to this Talk page, if anybody wants ready access to these figures. --IJBall (contribs • talk) 13:22, 29 April 2021 (UTC)

The other alternative would be to keep figures for all 4 quarters, but to change the period the table covers – perhaps just covering 2009 to 2019 (2020) or something... --IJBall (contribs • talk) 13:26, 29 April 2021 (UTC)

Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussions at the nomination pages linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 20:06, 24 November 2022 (UTC)
 * S70 US LRV Drawing.png (discussion)
 * S700 US LRV Drawing.png (discussion)

Incorrect information
"On April 23, 1949 San Diego became the first California city to replace its trolley system with an all bus fleet."

This is just not true, and needs to be corrected - or deleted. 2600:1700:A1F0:BDF:2C08:822B:56D6:D6B8 (talk) 02:58, 22 March 2024 (UTC)

 * See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_streetcar_systems_in_the_United_States#California. San Diego was actually the SECOND MOST RECENT California city to replace its streetcars with buses. (LA was the "most recent." 98.154.103.43 (talk) 05:34, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:San Diego Trolley


text:
Talk:X-efficiency

i hate economics
i hate economics as it makes me weak down with fever and very sick popping pills, staying very still all because i studied econs morning till.

title: Talk:X-efficiency


text: Talk:General Post Office, Mumbai

title: Talk:General Post Office, Mumbai


text:
MNR

MNR may stand for:

Transportation

 * Maine Northern Railway
 * Metro-North Railroad in New York State
 * Mid-Norfolk Railway, a heritage railway in Norfolk, England
 * Manx Northern Railway, a railway on the Isle of Man from 1879 to 1905
 * Manor Road railway station, Wirral, England

Manufacturing

 * Marc Nordon Racing, a manufacturer of Kit Cars in the UK

Political movements

 * Mouvement National Républicain, a political party in France
 * Mouvement national royaliste, a Belgian resistance group
 * Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario, a political party in Bolivia
 * Movimiento Nueva República, a progressive political party in Guatemala

Other uses

 * Marine Nature Reserve, a UK conservation designation
 * McMaster Nuclear Reactor, a nuclear reactor in Canada
 * Ministry of Natural Resources (Ontario), a government agency in Canada
 * Minister of National Revenue (Canada), minister in charge of taxation

title: MNR


text:
Chloë (Australian singer)

Chloë Jane Walton, who performed mononymously as Chloë, is an Australian singer-songwriter. She had a top 10 hit on the ARIA Singles Chart with her cover version of the Primitives' 1988 track, "Crash", in September 2005.

Biography
Chloë Jane Walton, grew up in Melbourne with "an artistic family background." Her mother is a visual artist and her father is a writer and teacher. She was classically trained in piano and voice. In 1997 she travelled to Vancouver, to continue studying music and taking up the guitar, where she "landed an internship at Nettwerk Records."

Chloë's debut single, "Stars", was released in Australia on 24 September 2004 through Epic/Sony BMG and peaked at number 66 on the ARIA Singles Chart. It was co-written by the singer with Michelle Lewis and Dan Petty. Ten tracks were recorded at the Garage studio, Los Angeles, with Paul Fox producing and guest musicians including Dorian Crozier on drums and Curt Schneider on bass guitar. In September 2005 she released a cover version of the Primitives' 1988 track, "Crash", as her second single, which peaked at number 10.

title: Chloë (Australian singer)


text:
Floyd Flake

Floyd Harold Flake (born January 30, 1945) is an American businessman, minister, and former politician who is the senior pastor of the 23,000-member Greater Allen African Methodist Episcopal Cathedral in Jamaica, Queens, New York, and the 18th president of Wilberforce University. He is a former member of the United States House of Representatives, serving from 1987 to 1997.

Early life and education
Born in Los Angeles, California, Flake grew up in Houston, Texas, as one of fifteen children of Robert Flake, Sr. and Rosie Lee Johnson-Flake. During his childhood, he was influenced by his parents' Christian moral beliefs. After high school, he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree from Wilberforce University in Wilberforce, Ohio, becoming the first member of his family to graduate from college.

Flake earned a Doctor of Ministry from the United Theological Seminary in Dayton, Ohio. Additional studies were conducted at Payne Theological Seminary and Northeastern University School of Business. He received honorary degrees from Boston University, Fisk University, Lincoln University, and the Cheyney University of Pennsylvania.

Career
He served as a social worker and then worked for Xerox as a marketing analyst. Flake next worked as director of student affairs at Lincoln University and dean of students and director of the Afro-American Center at Boston University. In 1976, he was asked to head the Allen African Methodist Episcopal Church (now The Greater Allen Cathedral of New York). Under Flake's leadership, the church grew from having about 1,400 members to over 23,000 parishioners.

Flake served as president of Wilberforce University from 2002 to 2008, leaving under heavy, publicized scrutiny and severe critique over his impact on the school. He is a political patron of New York Senate Democratic Leader Malcolm Smith and Democratic U.S. Representative Gregory Meeks. Despite his affiliation with the Democratic party, in 2006 he was the co-chair of conservative Republican Ken Blackwell's (R) campaign for governor of Ohio and endorsed Michael Bloomberg in the 2005 New York City mayoral election.

Political career
In 1986, he defeated incumbent Democratic congressman Alton Waldon in the primary and was elected to the 100th United States Congress from the New York's 6th congressional district, which included Jamaica, Queens, and most of its surrounding neighborhoods, stretching from Ozone Park and Woodhaven to the border with Nassau County. He remained in the House of Representatives until 1997, when he resigned in the middle of a term in order to return to work at his church full-time.

In Congress, Flake garnered a reputation for working with conservative Republicans, despite representing an overwhelmingly liberal, Democratic district. He also endorsed Republicans George Pataki for New York State Governor and Rudy Giuliani for New York City mayor.

In 1991, Flake joined an amicus brief in support of the New York City Council in the case Richmond Boro Gun Club v. City of New York, which upheld the council's prohibition on "the possession or transfer" within New York City of "assault weapons" and certain ammunition feeding devices.

Business interests
Flake has an ownership interest in Aqueduct Race Track Entertainment Group (AEG) which in January 2010 was awarded a contract to operate a 4,500 slot machine racino at the Aqueduct Race Track by then-Governor David Paterson. The process generated controversy after claims had been made that Paterson required affirmative action ownership in the company (rapper Jay-Z also joined AEG), that AEG was allowed to change its bid from the lowest to the highest and because Paterson allegedly awarded the bid two days after Flake threatened to back Andrew Cuomo in the 2010 governor race. U.S. prosecutors reportedly investigated the process and New York house speaker Sheldon Silver threatened not to sign off on the deal. Paterson has maintained there was no quid pro quo. On March 9, 2010, Flake withdrew from the project saying that it was distracting from his other projects. Jay-Z and Paterson also withdrew from the projects.

Greater Allen A. M. E. Cathedral of New York
Flake is the senior pastor of the Greater Allen A. M. E. Cathedral of New York in Jamaica, Queens, New York City. According to a published marketing message, "The church and its subsidiary corporations operate with an annual budget of over $34 million. The church also owns expansive commercial and residential developments; a 750-student private school founded by Flake and his wife Elaine, and various commercial and social service enterprises, which has placed it among the nation's most productive religious and urban development institutions. The corporations, church administrative offices, school, and ministries comprise one of the Borough of Queens' largest private sector employers." The Church is recognized as a major real estate developer.

Other work
Flake serves as a member of the following boards: (1) The President's Commission on Excellence in Special Education; (2) The Fannie Mae Foundation; (3) The Princeton Review; (4) The New York City Investment Fund Civic Capital Corporation; (5) the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Advisory Committee on Banking Policy and (6) the Bank of America National Advisory Board. He is also a fellow at the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research.

In honor of his role as a Queens community leader, Merrick Boulevard in southeastern Queens was renamed for Flake in October 2020.

Personal life
Flake is married to Margaret Elaine McCollins and has four children.

In 1990, Flake and his wife were indicted for alleged fraud and embezzlement of church funds. The couple pleaded not guilty. In 1991, after hearing three weeks of prosecution witnesses, the judge assigned to the case dismissed so much of the prosecutor's case that he opted to drop all remaining charges. Interviews with jurors afterward indicated that, had the prosecutor opted to continue prosecution, the jury would not have found the couple guilty of any of these remaining charges.

Publications
Flake has published several books, including The Way of the Bootstrapper: Nine Action Steps for Achieving Your Dreams (ISBN 0-06-251596-9) in 1999.

title: Floyd Flake


text:
IEEE 802.11j-2004

802.11j-2004 or 802.11j is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 standard designed specially for Japanese market. It allows wireless LAN operation in the 4.9–5.0 GHz band to conform to the Japanese rules for radio operation for indoor, outdoor and mobile applications. The amendment has been incorporated into the published IEEE 802.11-2007 standard.

802.11 is a set of IEEE standards that govern wireless networking transmission methods. They are commonly used today in their 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11n versions to provide wireless connectivity in the home, office and some commercial establishments.

4.9–5.0 GHz operation in Japan
The 802.11j standard "Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications: [4.9–5.0 GHz] Operation in Japan" is designed specially for the Japanese market. Finalized in 2004, the standard works in the 4.9–5.0 GHz band to conform to the Japanese rules for radio operation for indoor, outdoor and mobile applications.

802.11j defines uniform methods that let APs move to new frequencies or change channel width for better performance or capacity—for example, to avoid interference with other wireless applications.

Registration is necessary to use this frequency band. Currently the 4900–5000 MHz spectrum is available for use while 5030–5091 MHz spectrum have been revoked.

In the United States
In the United States, the 4.9 GHz band is reserved for use by public safety wireless applications. The transmission mask is narrower for the public safety band than for consumer part 15 applications. Thus one cannot simply operate 802.11j equipment in the public safety band and be FCC compliant. Public safety agencies are working with manufacturers and the FCC in order to leverage commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment. there were public safety groups working closely with the manufacturing community, federal interests, and standards bodies to create an 802.11 series standard for public safety.

title: IEEE 802.11j-2004


text:
User talk:Daytona90

Image Tagging Image:Viper team.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Viper team.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag, so its copyright status is therefore unclear. Please add a tag to let us know its copyright status. (If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use  .)  See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have tagged them, too. Note that any unsourced and untagged imaged will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thanks so much. --Michael 08:35, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Daytona90


text:
Newton Regis

Newton Regis is a village and civil parish in the North Warwickshire district of Warwickshire, England. It has a population of 599 at the 2011 Census.

History
The history of Newton Regis begins in the reign of Henry II (1154–89). Before that it was a part of the now smaller village or hamlet of Seckington. Newton Regis is not specifically mentioned in the Domesday book, but it has been suggested that 2½ hides were held in 1086 in Seckington that correspond to present Newton Regis. The church was once a chapel to the earlier church at Seckington, which does occur in the Domesday Book. In 1159 Newton appears in records for the first time, when land is recorded as granted to Geoffrey Savage. There have been many landowners down the ages, and the manor was held at times by several people at once. In the 18th and 19th centuries two landowning families, the Burdetts and the Inges owned most of Newton Regis.

Their seats of power were respectively Bramcote Hall, now a ruin near Warton, and Thorpe Hall, the seat of the present Inge-Innes-Lillingstons in Thorpe Constantine. Newton Regis has also been known as Kings Newton, and in the 18th century picturesquely as Newton-in-the-Thistles. The thistles might have been in fact teasels, used in the processing of flax for linen production. St Mary's church in Newton Regis dates from the 13th and 14th centuries with a 15th-century porch. It has many interesting features including a squint or “leper window”, a 15th-century gravestone of a priest and some fine stained glass windows. The lychgate is also the village war memorial dating from 1928.

Education
Newton Regis Church of England Primary School opened in 1995 and has a nursery. It has about 80 pupils.

Sport
Newton Thistle FC plays in the Tamworth Sunday Football League. The team strip is blue with white stripes, white shorts and yellow socks. They ceased playing in 2013. Austrey & Newton Regis Junior Cricket Club Tamworth 3rd & 4th teams.

Places of interest

 * St. Mary's parish church
 * Queen's Head public house.

title: Newton Regis