text:
Makedonski Železnici

Makedonski Železnici (MŽ; Македонски Железници (МЖ), "Macedonian Railways") was the public enterprise for railways in North Macedonia. In 2007 it was split into railway operation company Železnici na Republika Severna Makedonija Transport and the infrastructure company Makedonski Železnici Infrastruktura.

The Republic of North Macedonia is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for the Republic of North Macedonia is 65.

Macedonian Railways operates rail tracks in North Macedonia and maintains 925 km of lines, 315 km of which are electrified with the 25 kV 50 Hz AC system.

Trains
Macedonian Railways Transport operates a large number of train sets, which consist of passenger trains (diesel and electric trains) and freight trains.

A contract for the purchase of 6 new passenger train sets, manufactured by China's CRRC Corporation at the Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works, was signed in 2014. The first train-set arrived in August 2015. Each train consists of 3 rail cars, and is designed to carry 200 passengers. They will be used on routes from Skopje to Bitola, Gevgelija, Kičevo, Kumanovo, and Veles. This is the first time North Macedonia has bought new passenger trains since its independence, and the first time a Chinese EMU or DMU manufacturer has entered the European market.

Overview
The first standard gauge line in the area, from Skopje to Thessaloniki was built in 1873 during Ottoman rule.

North Macedonia has a well-developed railroad system. It is connected to Kosovo via Volkovo in the northwest, to Serbia via Tabanovci in the north and to Greece via Gevgelija in the southeast and via Kremenica in the southwest. North Macedonia's main rail line between the Serbian and Greek borders, from Tabanovci to Gevgelija, is entirely electrified.

The railway company has its headquarters in the capital Skopje. The original city railway station was partially destroyed in the 1963 earthquake and now houses the Museum of the City of Skopje. The new principal railway station forms the upper level of the integrated Transportation Center Skopje.

All domestic lines are operated by Macedonian Railways, with links from Skopje to Tetovo, Gostivar and Kicevo in the west, to Volkovo in the northwest, to Kumanovo and Tabanovci in the north, to Sveti Nikole, Štip, and Kocani in the east, to Veles, Negotino and Gevgelija in the south - southeast and to Bogomila, Prilep and Bitola in the southwest.

According to a local journalists' report dated 2011, passenger service within the country is quite slow, and trains and stations are often poorly maintained. Nonetheless, the inexpensive rail service is well patronized, and on occasions trains are standing-room only.

In April 2023, commemorating 150 year since the arrival of the first train in today's North Macedonia, the Museum of Macedonian Railways was opened in Skopje.

International connections and services

The main north–south line from Niš in Serbia to the port of Thessaloniki in Greece on the Aegean Sea (Corridor X), passes through Kumanovo, Skopje, Zelenikovo, Veles, Negotino, Demir Kapija, Miravci and Gevgelija.

Intercity trains link Kumanovo, Skopje, Zelenikovo, Veles, Negotino (Kavadarci), Demir Kapija, Miravci (Valandovo) and Gevgelija (Bogdanci) with Serbian Railways and Greek railways.

Connections to Bulgarian State Railways are via Niš in Serbia and via Thessaloniki in Greece.

Intercity trains from Kosovo Railways link Skopje with Pristina.

In 2010, Makedonski Železnici joined Cargo 10, a joint venture with other railways in the region.

Corridor VIII

In July 2022 a contract was signed involving modernisation and construction works on the:
 * Kumanovo – Beljakovci and the Beljakovci – Kriva Palanka lines which would connect North Macedonia to Varna (Bulgaria) and to the Black Sea. A tender for a new 23.4km of track to include 22 tunnels and 52 bridges was offered in January 2024.

A proposal from 2020 for:
 * A 66 km link in the West, from Kičevo to the Albanian border, which would connect North Macedonia to Durrës (Albania) and to the Adriatic Sea.

Corridor X
The Ministry of Transport and Communication has begun studies for the renewal and reconstruction of several section of the corridor X:
 * Renewal and reconstruction of railway track on the 16 km section between Bitola and Kremenica as a part of the Xd branch of Corridor X
 * Reconstruction of the 14 km railway section between Kumanovo and Deljadrovci
 * Reconstruction of the 35 km railway section between Dračevo and Veles

High speed railway:
 * A 50km section of the corridor X, Skopje-Niš, Serbia-Belgrade to be upgraded to operate high speed trains.

title: Makedonski Železnici


text:
Super Sunday (phone-a-thon)

The Super Sunday phone-a-thon is an annual fundraising event held by many of the 155 Jewish federations located in North America. The phone-a-thons are typically expected to raise most of the budget for the federation and its constituent agencies and organizations.

The name "Super Sunday" is borrowed from the American football usage for the day on which the Super Bowl is played. Impliedly, the Super Sunday phone-a-thon is also the major annual event for the federation, as Super Sundays play a large role in the life of the local Jewish community. The results of a Super Sunday can have a major impact on the contribution intake of any particular federation, and thus can have a domino effect on the various entities that receive federation funding, such as social service organization, classes, scholarships, and family care. The success of Super Sunday holds substantial weight, as it directly influences the contribution intake for the federation.

Some of the largest and most visible Super Sundays occur in the major urban areas with large Jewish concentrations, such as Los Angeles and New York, but also through smaller federations, such as Seattle and Minneapolis. Super Sunday was created by Jerry Dick of the Jewish Federation of Greater Washington in 1980.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Super Sunday (phone-a-thon)


text: File:Social Distortion - Mainliner-Wreckage from the Past cover.jpg


text:
User:JLRAtwil

About Me
JLRAtwil is the username of James Lloyd R. Atwil, one of the Iliganons.

Contributions
Here in this version, most of the contributions is about my home city, City of Iligan, and its entities. Also I do some edits mostly for spelling and grammatical corrections, and small additions of any article of my interest.

Article Creations

 * Tomas Cabili
 * Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology

Major Edits

 * Philippine News Agency

And in Cebuano version, below are the articles I created so far:

 * Iligan City
 * Northern Mindanao

ceb:User:JLRAtwil

title: User:JLRAtwil


text:
Talk:Andrés Bonifacio

English
Awards/Recognition Ni Andre's Bonifacio 152.32.104.53 (talk) 01:17, 9 June 2022 (UTC)

Aral.Pan
Katipunan-katipunero 222.127.55.149 (talk) 11:07, 10 September 2022 (UTC)

Aral pan
Hi 49.146.25.9 (talk) 11:07, 13 October 2022 (UTC)

Find topic
Andres bonifacio 103.36.19.178 (talk) 02:13, 30 November 2022 (UTC)

Un88
8jh88j 130.105.69.139 (talk) 09:38, 30 November 2022 (UTC)

Ap
Anong posisyon nanalo si andres bonifacio 2001:4453:1EB:F300:F006:67A9:646E:571D (talk) 05:24, 3 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Andrés Bonifacio


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Stephen Hodges

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 10:52, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Stephen Hodges

 * Appears to be self-propaganda, original research, and article itself admits the claims have not been responded to by the wider AI community Average Earthman 08:57, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, original research by a non-notable vanity poster. Usrnme h8er 09:00, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Usrnme h8er.  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   09:43, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom.  Qaz  ( talk ) 09:54, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Kid with blog, delete. The Land 18:24, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Almost gave up searching, but the last minute proved fruitful. self propaganda? hardly. Post from 2003. (unsigned by 209.42.44.132)
 * Delete, OR. -feydey 23:21, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. vanity page, original research. Andrew pmk | Talk 00:42, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I reconmmend this page be transwikied to wikisource for further development, under the title "super calculator" --209.42.44.132 03:09, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity and unencyclopedic. *drew 23:08, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sukhdev

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. -Splash talk 23:58, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Sukhdev
Blatant vanity, google gives plenty of hits, but they seem to be about a politician and a yoga guru that share the same name. They may be notable, this young man is not. Usrnme h8er 08:58, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no sufficient claim of influence or notability to warrant an article. Average Earthman 09:20, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The Sukhdev is an Indian freedom fighter. This article needs to be replaced by his biography Tintin 13:54, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sukhdev


text:
Tsay Keh Airport

Tsay Keh Airport is a registered aerodrome located on the banks of the Finlay River in British Columbia, Canada. The older Ingenika Airport nearby is no longer in regular use, but is maintained as an alternative, since visibility is sometimes acceptable there when it is not at Tsay Keh Airport.

title: Tsay Keh Airport


text:
Talk:New Order (Indonesia)

Thank you, User:65.71.169.191
I'd just like to thank the person behind this IP address for creation of this page. I apologize if it seems that I steamrolled your original article, but I had intended to create this page primarily for the purpose of transplanting text from Suharto (which is suffering from bloat).

I am looking forward to adding links to what you have written into this page, especially Discriminatory law against Indonesian Chinese and others.

By the way, by all means I encourage you to register so that you get full privileges as an editor of Wikipedia! --Daniel 08:59, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

CIA involvement
Why does this article not mention CIA involvement in the coup that put the New Order into power? See the documentary "Shadow Play" by PBS for more info.

 * I agree, as most wiki admins would be able to tell from my latest postings / contributions. This is a crucial issue, in the whole debate on the background and what actually happened before,during and after "the New Order" had come into place. I don't know how short a discussion on this should be to comply with wiki admins sense of how a serious historical debate should be conducted. I only feel that I've been posting enough serious sources,with background, referencing, historians, documentaries, investigations,south-east asian human rights organisations etc. etc. to warrant a discussion and some serious debate.
 * For those individuals at all seriously and actually interested in a real investigation into the history of Indonesia and the contentious issues, links can be found in the archives of talk/discussion pages of History of Indonesia, in the bottom footnotes /links on the main Indonesia page, as well as in the links on the history of Indonesia.
 * I'm not yet well enough versed in the wiki HTML-style notation, so I was hoping more people would join in after they had verified or refuted my sources and claims. Thanks again for coming forward with your request. Sincerely, John Smith (nom de guerre) 10:48, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
 * John. you should try adding this stuff yourself. It doesn't have to be 100% perfect straight away, (or even 50%!!!). Just add a bit here, and a bit there. If you get formatting wrong, it will be picked up. Remember though, although of course you can express point of views, express them as a POV and not as fact. yes, of course, many eds don't follow this - as is probably the case in this article already - but we should all do our bit. ALTERNATIVELY, if you are not quite bold enough, why not try adding a section in your sandbox - it's easy. And then you can request others review and advise.--Merbabu 11:00, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Rise of Islamism
Just a suggestion, but you might want to fix the Rise of Islamism part. I don't think there was no chance of Indonesia being Islamist under Suharto until the early 90's with the formation of ICMI. Apart from that, Muslims are supressed. Eg. 1984 Tanjung Priok incident.

Jakman 08:37, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

Former dictatorships category
I removed this categorization as besides being a violation of NWikipedia:Neutral point of view, it doesn't even agree with the definition in the Dictatorship article, namely "an autocratic form of absolute rule by leadership unrestricted by law, constitutions, or other social and political factors within the state". Arguably the New Order was an autocracy: "a form of government in which the political power is held by a single self-appointed ruler". Davidelit (talk) 05:31, 2 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Nicely put. Certainly a WP:NPOV issue. Categories can be very in this manner. Don't cater for any nuance or anythign but the most simplistic (yes or no) cases. --Merbabu (talk) 06:07, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

POV/OR tag...
An OR tag and two cite requests were added here at the same time. I've addressed the cite requests. There is no further explanation, thus I will remove the OR tag. In future, I hope editors are able to provide more actionable feedback than a section or article tag - I suggest using talk page, or adding specific cite requests. regards --Merbabu (talk) 11:38, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

Barry Soetoro
He was in Indonesia from 1967 to 1971 as a kid (otherwise he was a Hawaiian). I wonder how the New Order affected his childhood, if it did in any way. — Rickyrab | Talk 07:48, 24 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Err. He would have been 6 when he arrived and 10 when he left. Presumably his engagement in the opposition to the military government was fairly limited. Or was this a serious question? :-) Davidelit (talk) 08:13, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

Origin of the term
Has anyone read anything about the origin of the term "Orde Baru"? When was it first used? I feel like that would be a valuable addition. Arsonal (talk) 17:03, 24 September 2009 (UTC)
 * How about this article. Not exactly a good precedent... Davidelit (Talk)
 * Clearly (he peacocked) it was used to distinguish the Suharto regime from the Old Order of Sukarno, possibly with an eye on the western media - hence the use of the faux Indonesian "orde". Perhaps it was analogous to the use of the contrived acronym "Gestapu" for the 30 September Movement to sound like Gestapo. If so, it looks like a misjudgment. If Suharto and his cronies had done their research, they would have found this quote from Franklin Roosevelt: "They (who) seek to establish systems of government based on the regimentation of all human beings by a handful of individual rulers. . . call this a new order. It is not new and it is not order." Davidelit (Talk) 17:18, 24 September 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm actually wondering if Suharto himself proclaimed Orde Baru (and perhaps simultaneously called Sukarno's presidency Orde Lama) in some speech, as opposed to the historical origins of the term. Arsonal (talk) 18:34, 24 September 2009 (UTC)
 * The best I have been able to find is in Friend, T. (2003). Indonesian Destinies. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01137-6. On page 122, he says that at an Army-sponsored seminar in August 1966 known as the Second Army Seminar, to decide on plans for economic stability, "For working clarity, the seminar adopted the terms [sic] "Old Order" for pre-G30S. A "New Order" was the goal of those who wanted a political and economic democracy based on the constitution of 1945 and expressed in Pancasila..." Sundhaussen (1982) says the seminar occurred, but does not mention that it gave rise to "New Order". I can't find any mention of the seminar in Crouch's The Army and Politics... or 30 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka. I'll see if I can dig anything else up. Davidelit (Talk) 06:24, 25 September 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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RM
Talk:New_Order_(band) In ictu oculi (talk) 08:32, 15 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Why the infobox was removed?
The Pinochet dictatorship and History of the Philippines (1965–1986) pages both cover regimes and not countries; and both of them have country infoboxes. Why should the infobox on this page be removed? Gibranalnn (talk) 01:34, 2 May 2021 (UTC)
 * I'm curious as well. I'm not even a big fan of infoboxes but I'm not sure I understand the rationale here.--Dan Carkner (talk) 02:50, 2 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Since the person who made the edit has not engaged with discussion about it nor did they explain themselves clearly, I have restored it for now. Open to a clear explanation of why it should be removed.--Dan Carkner (talk) 15:35, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
 * What's the problem with the edit summary Removing inappropriate Former country infobox. The New Order was a regime, not a country - is there something in that that is not self evident? JarrahTree 03:42, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Since you seem to get it, care to explain?Dan Carkner (talk) 17:53, 5 May 2021 (UTC)

Sorry for the delayed reply - I have been busy with other things. I removed the "Former country" inbox because it is not appropriate here. The New Order refers to the period of time when Indonesia was run by an authoritarian government. It was not a different country - it was the same country as existed before and that still exists today. Regards Davidelit (Talk) 08:10, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
 * As far as I can see the box was just a country infobox and gave information about names and dates in Indonesian politics. I don't get what the problem is having this on an article about a subtopic of Indonesian politics. It could give context to an uninformed reader.Dan Carkner (talk) 14:39, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Hi. I take your point, but many of the parameters in it make no sense in this context. What was the area of the New Order? Also, it did not subsequently become a part of Indonesia. Once the less logical parameters have been removed - including the ISO 3166 code, which is only useful for those wanting to telephone the New Order - then it seems pointless having it, especially since the "History of Indonesia" infobox is also in the article, while anyone seeking other information can click to the Indonesia article et al. Regards Davidelit (Talk) 07:24, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
 * I object this. Again, the History of the Philippines (1965–1986) article has an infobox, the Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990) artlcle has an infobox, and both articles are about regimes and not about nations. If you said that the infobox in this article is useless, then they should be removed too from those two articles. Until we reach a consensus, I'm restoring the infobox. Gibranalnn (talk) 11:47, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Agreed.Dan Carkner (talk) 15:59, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Nevermind, I kinda agreed now, the Infobox (country) should not be removed, but replaced instead with infobox administration

Military dictatorship
I know if Indonesia was ruled by the military dictatorship, but it was actually ended in 1971 (after the establishment of dominant-party sytem). Golkar as a majority political party was not a military political party in that era. Many civilians can joined the party (including former vice presidents) under the New Order era such as Adam Malik and B. J. Habibie

recent edits: re NPOV
Hello Merbabu, I will not revert your recent edits which you made in a stated attempt to make the article more neutral. But I will suggest to consider the terminology a bit closer. While the terms "administration" and "presidency" do sound more neutral than "regime" and so on, they do not mean quite the same thing. The New Order was an entire apparatus of state down to the village level, not just the office at the top of the state. I'm not actually positive what the appropriate more neutral term would be but I just wanted to put that out there. --Dan Carkner (talk) 13:55, 21 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I've seen this discussion in the distant past and now more recently. Indeed the terms Regime, "administration", "presidency" and "government" have different meanings, and I suggest the latter three are more appropriate in most (maybe all?) contexts in this article. In every context, they are more neutral.
 * Regime seems to have two meanings...
 * The first is as Wikipedia itself defines it: "In politics, a regime is the form of government or the set of rules, cultural or social norms, etc. that regulate the operation of a government or institution and its interactions with society." In this instance it is a bland and neutral term. In this case, we could also refer to the Australian regime or the UK regime, however, I note we don't as it's likely to get confused by editors and readers with the second...
 * The second, more common usage is less neutral. It provides a negative connotation, suggesting an authoritarian government or dictatorship. It's this usage that seems to be applied here in Suharto article. It seems to carry a value judgement (hence not neutral) as opposed to, say, "president".
 * A few more things to consider - even before my changes, the word "government" was used a lot more in the article than "regime". Again, more neutral than the loaded "regime".
 * Perhaps ostensibly "regime" might have more uses in this article than at Suharto, however, in reality both these articles have so much common texts that it's less clear.
 * Why don't people use the term "Sukarno regime"? Certainly in the latter part of his, um, presidency it was authoritarian and illegitimate? Or perhaps people's nostalgia for Bung Karno lets him off the "regime" hook?
 * --Merbabu (talk) 22:41, 21 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Fair enough, thank you for your response. It's strange how seemingly neutral terms get a certain tone based on usage; therefore simply putting the word "regime" does indeed have a more negative connotation. I read through the whole article again and I guess I can't really object to any of the changes you made. Dan Carkner (talk) 19:58, 22 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:New Order (Indonesia)


text:
I'm Moving On (Scott Cain song)

"I'm Moving On" is the debut single by Scott Cain, winner of the 2002 Australian Popstars series. The lyrics deal with the singer's decision to end a relationship in which he feels he is being emotionally abused. Backing vocals on the track are sung by Rai Thistlethwayte of Thirsty Merc.

The song was written by Gregg Alexander and is a classic example of his style; the piano chord sequence is central to a steady drumbeat, with a slightly distorted electric guitar lick running in the background, much like his New Radicals hit "You Get What You Give". Cain once commented, "I heard [Gregg] on the demo and I thought, 'this is a great song and he's got a great voice'...but I wasn't sure about some of the lyrics at first. They seemed a little corny. But now I think it's a fantastic pop song that's fun and got a great feel to it. It's a song that people are going to like to listen to and at this point in my career, that's the best thing that I could ever have hoped for."

"I'm Moving On" debuted at number one in Australia and sold over 80,000 copies. It was Cain's only major hit as the follow-up, "Crazy People Rock", failed to chart above #39. The B-sides were covers of "When I Need You" by Carole Bayer Sager and "Superstition" by Stevie Wonder. In the music video, Cain rides a skateboard with a gathering of friends in an old warehouse.

Single track listing

 * 1) "I'm Moving On" – 3:34
 * 2) "When I Need You" – 4:13
 * 3) "Superstition" (BNA Remix) – 4:10

title: I'm Moving On (Scott Cain song)


text:
August Kubizek

August "Gustl" Friedrich Kubizek (3 August 1888 – 23 October 1956) was an Austrian musical conductor and writer best known for being a close friend of Adolf Hitler, when both were in their late teens. He later wrote about their friendship in his book The Young Hitler I Knew (1955).

Early life
August was born in Linz, Austria, the only surviving child to parents of Czech and Sudeten-German origin. He was baptized Catholic at the St. Matthias Church where his parents had married the previous year. His father Michael Kubíček (also born in Linz) was an upholsterer while his mother Maria Panholzer-Bláhová, who was born illegitimate in Rosee, was 14. His sisters Maria, Therese and Karoline died in early childhood. Kubizek later wrote that this was a striking parallel between his own life and that of Adolf Hitler, whose mother had lost four children prematurely. As the surviving sons of grief-stricken mothers, Kubizek and Hitler felt they had been spared or "chosen" by fate.

Kubizek and Hitler first met while competing for standing room in the Landestheater in Linz. Because of their shared passion for the operas of Richard Wagner, they quickly became close friends and later roommates in Vienna while both sought admission into college. The two shared a small room in Stumpergasse 31 in the sixth district of Vienna from 22 February to early July 1908.

As the only son of a self-employed upholsterer, Kubizek was expected to someday take over his father's business, but he secretly harboured dreams of becoming a conductor. With Hitler's encouragement, he devoted an increasing amount of his time to this passion, completing all of the musical training available to him in Linz. However, to achieve his goal of being an orchestral conductor, he would require higher education in music which was offered only in Vienna. It was an 18-year-old Hitler who persuaded Kubizek's father to let his son go to the metropolis to attend the conservatory. As Kubizek wrote, this was something that permanently changed the course of his life.

He was immediately accepted into the Vienna Conservatory where he quickly made a name for himself. Hitler, however, was twice denied entrance into Vienna's art academy, a fact which he kept hidden from his friend for some time. In 1908, Hitler abruptly broke off the friendship and drifted into homelessness. Kubizek completed his studies in 1912 and was hired as conductor of the orchestra in Marburg on the Drau, Austria (Maribor, in Slovenia, after 1918). He was later offered a position at the Stadttheater in Klagenfurt, but this job and his musical career were cut short by the beginning of World War I. Before leaving for the front, he married Anna Funke (7 October 1887 – 4 October 1976), a violinist from Vienna with whom he had three sons: Augustin, Karl Maria and Rudolf.

From August 1914 until November 1918, Kubizek served as a reservist in Regiment 2 of the Austro-Hungarian Infantry. In the Carpathian winter campaign of 1915, he was wounded at Eperjes in Hungary (now Prešov in Slovakia) and later evacuated to Budapest in an ambulance train. After months of convalescence, he returned to the front and was attached to a mechanised corps in Vienna. After the war, Kubizek accepted a position as an official in the municipal council of Eferding, Upper Austria and music became his hobby.

Later contact with Hitler
After seeing Hitler on the front page of the Münchner Illustrierte (circa 1920), Kubizek followed his friend's career with some interest, although he did not attempt to contact him until 1933 when he wrote to congratulate him on having become Chancellor of Germany. On 4 August of that year, Kubizek received an unexpected reply from Hitler, who wrote to his old friend "Gustl" saying, "I should be very glad... to revive once more with you those memories of the best years of my life."

When the tide began to turn against Hitler, Kubizek, who had avoided politics all his life, became a member of the Nazi Party in 1942 as a gesture of loyalty to his friend.

Later life, imprisonment and memoirs
In December 1945, Kubizek gathered the collection of keepsakes given to him by Hitler during their youth and concealed them carefully in the basement of his house in Eferding. He was arrested by American forces shortly afterwards and held at Glasenbach, where he was imprisoned and interrogated by the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command. His home was searched, but the Hitler correspondence and drawings were not found. He was released on 8 April 1947.

In 1951, Kubizek, who had rejected other post-war offers for his memoirs, agreed to publish Adolf Hitler, mein Jugendfreund ("Adolf Hitler, My Childhood Friend") through the Leopold Stocker Verlag. The original manuscript, written in 1943 at the behest of Martin Bormann (Kubizek says in his memoirs that Martin Bormann asked him to do so), had been only 150 pages long. However, after communications answering questions from the Hitler biographer Franz Jetzinger, his new extended version had 352 pages and included several pictures, many of which showed postcards and sketches given to Kubizek by Hitler when young, between the years 1906 and 1908. The book is divided into three parts and consists of a prologue, 24 chapters and an epilogue.

It caused a stir when it was released in 1953 and was later translated into several languages. In the epilogue, Kubizek wrote, "Even though I, a fundamentally unpolitical individual, had always kept aloof from the political events of the period which ended forever in 1945, nevertheless no power on earth could compel me to deny my friendship with Adolf Hitler."

Kubizek's second wife and widow, Pauline (1906–2001), was credited with having provided the Stocker Verlag with additional photographs for the book's fourth edition in 1975.

He died on 23 October 1956, aged 68, in Linz and is buried in Eferding, Upper Austria.

In popular culture
Kubizek is portrayed by Rupert Grint in "Adolf Hitler: The Artist", a 2017 episode of the British television series Urban Myths, in which Hitler calls him "Gustl".

Works

 * Kubizek, A. (1955). The Young Hitler I Knew: The Memoirs of Hitler's Childhood Friend ISBN 978-1848326071
 * Adolf Hitler, mein Jugendfreund - August Kubizek (1953) & (2002) ISBN 3-7020-0971-X, ISBN 3-7020-0213-8, English translation: Young Hitler, the Story of Our Friendship  (1955) & (1976)

title: August Kubizek


text:
Bengtsson

Bengtsson is Swedish surname originating in a patronymic, meaning "son of Bengt" (Benedict), Bengt meaning "Blessed". The name is sometimes written Bengtson (a form frequently adopted by migrants to the United States). Other forms occur, such as Bengtzon, Bankson, Bankston, Benson, Bengston or Benktsson.

Bengtsson is the 15th most common surname in Sweden.

Notable people with the surname include:

 * Anders Bengtsson (born 1968), Swedish politician and member of parliament
 * Angelica Bengtsson (born 1993), Swedish pole vaulter
 * Bengt Bengtsson (1897–1977), Swedish gymnast
 * Bengt-Åke Bengtsson (born 1938), Swedish rower
 * Birgitta Bengtsson (born 1965), Swedish sailor
 * Björn Bengtsson (born 1973), Swedish actor
 * Catrine Bengtsson (born 1969), Swedish badminton player
 * Christopher Bengtsson (born 1993), Swedish professional ice hockey player
 * Emma Bengtsson, Swedish chef
 * Erik G. Bengtsson (born 1928), Swedish Army lieutenant general
 * Erling Blöndal Bengtsson (1932–2013), Danish cellist
 * Frans G. Bengtsson (1894–1954), Swedish author
 * Gabriel Bengtsson (born 1977), Swedish judoka
 * Göran Bengtsson (born 1956), Swedish handball player
 * Gösta Bengtsson (1897–1984), Swedish sailor
 * Gunder Bengtsson (1946–2019), Swedish football coach
 * Håkan Bengtsson (born 1942), former Swedish swimmer
 * Håkan Bengtsson (actor), Swedish actor, in the 2023 TV series Fallen
 * Ingemund Bengtsson (1919–2000), Swedish politician and Speaker of the Riksdag 1979–1988
 * Jan-Olof Bengtsson (born 1952), Swedish journalist
 * Johan Bengtsson (born 1979), Swedish bassist
 * Kristin Bengtsson (born 1970), Swedish female footballer
 * Lennart Bengtsson (born 1935), Swedish meteorologist
 * Margot Bengtsson (born 1943), Swedish psychologist and feminist scholar
 * Maria Bengtsson (badminton) (born 1964), Swedish badminton player
 * Maria Bengtsson (soprano) (born 1975)
 * Martin Bengtsson (musician), Swedish heavy metal musician
 * Martin Bengtsson (footballer)
 * Mikael Bengtsson (born 1981), Swedish footballer
 * Per Bengtsson (born 1967), Swedish speed skater
 * Per-Inge Bengtsson (born 1961), Swedish sprint canoer
 * Pierre Bengtsson (born 1988), Swedish footballer
 * Rasmus Bengtsson (born 1986), Swedish footballer
 * Robin Bengtsson (born 1990), Swedish singer
 * Rolf-Göran Bengtsson (born 1962), Swedish horse rider and silver medalist in Individual Jumping at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games
 * Stellan Bengtsson (born 1952), Swedish table tennis player
 * Sylve Bengtsson (1930–2005), Swedish footballer
 * Thomas Bengtsson, Swedish magician better known under his stage name Tom Stone

 * Similar spellings:

 * Jerry Bengtson (born 1987), Honduran footballer
 * John Bengtson (born 1948), U.S. linguist
 * Phil Bengtson (1913–1994), U.S. American football player

 * Bengtsson as a middle name:
 * Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna, 15th-century Swedish archbishop

title: Bengtsson


text:
Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Harrow

The London Borough of Harrow is one of the northern outer London boroughs: as such much of the Metropolitan Green Belt land is within the Borough boundaries. Parks and open spaces range from the large area around Harrow-on-the-Hill to the smaller gardens and recreation grounds; there are also a number of spaces taken up with golf courses. It has been suggested that Harrow is continuously losing its green space and trees.

Areas of open space include:
 * Alexandra Park, South Harrow
 * Bentley Priory, Stanmore: 165 acres (66ha) open space; Site of Special Scientific Interest and Local Nature Reserve
 * Byron Park, Wealdstone
 * Canons Park: 45 acres (18ha) 18th century parkland
 * Chandos Recreational Ground, Edgware
 * Grim's Dyke Open Space, Harrow Weald
 * Harrow Park, Harrow on the Hill
 * Harrow Weald Common, Harrow Weald
 * Headstone Manor Recreation Park: 57 acre including the Museum and Headstone Manor & Bessborough Cricket Club
 * Newton Park, Rayners Lane
 * ''Pinner Memorial Park, Pinner
 * Pinner Park Farm tenant dairy farmers Hall & Sons: total 230 acre
 * Pinner Village Gardens, Pinner
 * Roxbourne Park, Rayners Lane
 * Stanmore Common: 120 acres (48ha); Local Nature Reserve
 * Stanmore Country Park: 77.5 acres (31ha); Local Nature Reserve
 * Stanmore Marsh, Stanmore
 * Streamside Reservation, alongside Yeading Brook, Pinner
 * The Grove Open Space, Lowlands Road, Harrow
 * West Harrow Recreational Ground, West Harrow


text:
Riesling Trail

The Riesling Trail is a 35 km long walking and cycling track located in the Clare Valley, South Australia. Established for recreational purposes, it runs between Auburn and Clare, passing through several towns and villages along the way, including Leasingham, Watervale, Penwortham and Sevenhill. The trail is named after Riesling, the most important white grape variety in the Clare Valley wine region. It continues 8 km north of Clare to the area known as Barinia.

The Riesling Trail route is part of the former Spalding railway line branch line which ran between Riverton in the south to a northern terminus at Spalding. The section of railway from Riverton to Clare was opened in 1918. Railway stations and sidings along the line were: Rhynie, Undalya, Auburn, Mulkirri (siding), Watervale, Penwortham, Tatkana (siding), Sevenhill, Clare, Kooramo, Barinia, Hilltown, Andrews, and Spalding.

Rail services ceased after the 1983 Ash Wednesday bushfires burnt through the valley and damaged a lot of the trackwork. In 1989 the rails and steel bridges were removed and in 1993, this part of the route was converted into its present use as a walking and cycle trail.

The Riesling Trail passes through vineyard and farming country. There are various side loops as well as access to wineries, coffee shops, and pubs. Bike hire is available at several locations including Auburn, Clare and the Clare Caravan Park. It is possible to hire bikes and ride one-way with pick-up at the other end. The trail has a gentle up-grade from Auburn to just north of Penwortham, from where it gradually descends into Clare.

The Rattler Rail Trail extends a further 19 km south of Auburn to Riverton, creating further opportunity for cycling and walking in the region.

title: Riesling Trail


text:
Talk:The Tunnel (2001 film)

Peter Fechter
It seems that the scene at the end of the guy being shot while climbing the wall is inspired by the story of Peter Fechter and unrelated to this and sneaked in for dramatic effect, but I'm not sure about that. DirkvdM 09:04, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Documentary
Can some one note the name of the documentary that is mentioned at the end of this article? It would be of use to those who wish to view the film.

Fair use rationale for Image:Der Tunner DVD cover.jpg
Image:Der Tunner DVD cover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 19:57, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Tunnel (2001 film)


text:
User talk:Jeremy Visser

Disambiguation link notification for August 5
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 * Sorted, thanks. (Even though you're a bot.) — Jeremy  10:50, 5 August 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jeremy Visser


text:
Ningi

Ningi may refer to:
 * Cəmiyyət (Ningi), Azerbaijan
 * Ningi, Nigeria, a traditional state in northern Nigeria
 * Ningi, Queensland, a town in Queensland, Australia

title: Ningi


text: User talk:194.17.116.195

title: User talk:194.17.116.195


text: Talk:Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh

title: Talk:Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh


text:
Talk:Weka

Untitled
If their is french readers, I wrote an article about weka. That's a lot longer because I worked with weka for 7 months in NZ last summer. I'll probably translate some informations in english next time. Julien G —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.249.225.14 (talk • contribs) 09:07, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

New paper on unsuccessful trial introduction of Buff weka to Motatapu Station
This paper may be of interest to those editors who are able to obtain access (it is currently behind a paywall) and wish to improve this page. See this article Ambrosia10 (talk) 03:31, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

Island gigantism?
Wekas are about three times larger than buff-banded rails (their probable ancestor), and are even bigger than most Gallirallus rails, then should the weka be considered an example of island gigantism?

Hello. You're right, wekas are very large compared to banded rails, but I'm not sure if they differ so much from other flightless Gallirallus species like New Britain rails or Okinawa rails, so perhaps by considering it an example of island gigantism you're making an unfounded stating. Possibly more research is needed in such aspect

Weka as a pest in other islands
I heard from List of Australia-New Guinea species extinct in the Holocene about weka being a likely cause of extinction of the Macquarie parakeet, but wasn't quite sure how incorporate that pest-in-other-countries info into the article of Weka. I did, however, add some information on Invasive species of New Zealand origin about the weka stuff, which could help. Qwertyxp2000 (talk | contribs) 06:23, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Weka


text:
Heat-assisted magnetic recording

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) (pronounced "hammer") is a magnetic storage technology for greatly increasing the amount of data that can be stored on a magnetic device such as a hard disk drive by temporarily heating the disk material during writing, which makes it much more receptive to magnetic effects and allows writing to much smaller regions (and much higher levels of data on a disk).

The technology was initially seen as extremely difficult to achieve, with doubts expressed about its feasibility in 2013. The regions being written must be heated in a tiny area – small enough that diffraction prevents the use of normal laser focused heating – and requires a heating, writing and cooling cycle of less than 1 nanosecond, while also controlling the effects of repeated spot-heating on the drive platters, the drive-to-head contact, and the adjacent magnetic data which must not be affected. These challenges required the development of nano-scale surface plasmons (surface guided laser) instead of direct laser-based heating, new types of glass platters and heat-control coatings that tolerate rapid spot-heating without affecting the contact with the recording head or nearby data, new methods to mount the heating laser onto the drive head, and a wide range of other technical, development and control issues that needed to be overcome.

HAMR's planned successor, known as heated-dot magnetic recording (HDMR), or bit-pattern recording, is also under development, although not expected to be available until at least 2025. HAMR drives have the same form factor (size and layout) as existing traditional hard drives, and do not require any change to the computer or other device in which they are installed; they can be used identically to existing hard drives. 32 TB HAMR drives were shipped to some customers for qualification in 2023.

Overview
There have been a series of technologies developed to allow hard drives to increase in capacity with little effect on cost. To increase storage capacity within the standard form factor, more data must be stored in a smaller space. New technologies to achieve this, have included perpendicular recording (PMR), helium-filled drives, shingled magnetic recording (SMR); however these all appear to have similar limitations to areal density (the amount of data that can be stored on a magnetic platter of a given size). HAMR is a technique that breaks this limit with magnetic media.

The limitation of traditional as well as perpendicular magnetic recording is due to the competing requirements of readability, writeability and stability (known as the magnetic recording trilemma). The problem is that to store data reliably for very small bit sizes the magnetic medium must be made of a material with a very high coercivity (ability to maintain its magnetic domains and withstand any undesired external magnetic influences). The drive head must then overcome this coercivity when data is written. But as the areal density increases, the size occupied by one bit of data becomes so small that the strongest magnetic field that current technology can create is not strong enough to overcome the coercivity of the platter (or in development terms, to flip the magnetic domain), because it is not feasible to create the required magnetic field within such a tiny region. In effect, a point exists at which it becomes impractical or impossible to make a working disk drive because magnetic writing activity is no longer possible on such a small scale.

The coercivity of many materials is temperature dependent. If the temperature of a magnetized object is temporarily raised above its Curie temperature, its coercivity will become much less, until it has cooled down. (This can be seen by heating a magnetized object such as a needle in a flame: when the object cools down, it will have lost much of its magnetization.) HAMR uses this property of magnetic materials to its advantage. A tiny laser within the hard drive temporarily spot-heats the area being written, so that it briefly reaches a temperature where the disk's material temporarily loses much of its coercivity. Almost immediately, the magnetic head then writes data in a much smaller area than would otherwise be possible. The material quickly cools again and its coercivity returns to prevent the written data being easily changed until it is written again. As only a tiny part of the disk is heated at a time, the heated part cools quickly (under 1 nanosecond ), and comparatively little power is needed.

The use of heating presented major technical problems, because as of 2013, there was no clear way to focus the required heat into the tiny area required within the constraints imposed by hard drive usage. The time required for heating, writing, and cooling is about 1 nanosecond, which suggests a laser or similar means of heating, but diffraction limits the use of light at common laser wavelengths because these ordinarily cannot focus into anything like the small region that HAMR requires for its magnetic domains. Traditional plated magnetic platters are also not suitable due to their heat conduction properties, so new drive materials must be developed. Seagate Technology and Showa Denko use an iron-platinum alloy in glass platters for HAMR drives. In addition, a wide range of other technical, development, and control issues must be overcome. Seagate, which has been prominent in the development of HAMR drives, commented that the challenges include "attaching and aligning a semiconductor diode laser to an HDD write head and implementing near-field optics to deliver the heat", along with the scale of use which is far greater than previous near-field optic uses. Industry observer IDC stated in 2013 that "The technology is very, very difficult, and there has been a lot of skepticism if it will ever make it into commercial products", with opinions generally that HAMR is unlikely to be commercially available before 2017.

Seagate stated that they overcame the issue of heating focus by developing nano-scale surface plasmons instead of direct laser-based heating. Based on the idea of a waveguide, the laser "travels" along the surface of a guiding material, which is shaped and positioned in order to lead the beam to the area to be heated (about to be written). Diffraction does not adversely affect this kind of wave-guide based focus, so the heating effect can be targeted to the necessary tiny region. The heating issues also require media that can tolerate rapid spot-heating to over 400 °C in a tiny area without affecting the contact between the recording head and the platter, or affecting the reliability of the platter and its magnetic coating. The platters are made of a special "HAMR glass" with a coating that precisely controls how heat travels within the platter once it reaches the region being heated – crucial to prevent power waste and undesired heating or erasure of nearby data regions. Running costs are not expected to differ significantly from non-HAMR drives, since the laser only uses a small amount of power – initially described in 2013 as a few tens of milliwatts and more recently in 2017 as "under 200mW" (0.2 W). This is less than 2.5% of the 7 to 12 watts used by common 3.5 inch hard drives.

Seagate first demonstrated working HAMR prototypes in continual use during a 3-day event during 2015. In December 2017 Seagate announced that pre-release drives had been undergoing customer trials with over 40,000 HAMR drives and "millions" of HAMR read/write heads already built, and manufacturing capacity was in place for pilot volumes and first sales of production units to be shipped to key customers in 2018 followed by a full market launch of "20 TB+" HAMR drives during 2019, with 40 TB hard drives by 2023, and 100 TB drives by around 2030. At the same time, Seagate also stated that HAMR prototypes had achieved 2 TB per square inch areal density (having grown at 30% per year over 9 years, with a "near-future" target of 10 TBpsi). Single-head transfer reliability was reported to be "over 2 PB" (equivalent to "over 35 PB in a 5 year life on a 12 TB drive", stated to be "far in excess" of typical use), and heating laser power required "under 200mW" (0.2 W), less than 2.5% of the 8 or more watts typically used by a hard drive motor and its head assembly. Some commentators speculated that HAMR drives would also introduce the use of multiple actuators on hard drives (for speed purposes), as this development was also covered in a Seagate announcement and also stated to be expected in a similar time-scale.

History
Some commentators speculated on this announcement, that HAMR drives might also see the introduction of multiple actuators on hard drives (for speed purposes), as this development was also covered at a similar time and also stated to be expected in a similar time-scale. Seagate also detailed HAMR's road map after launch: the next generation of technologies enabling HAMR drives up to 24 TB were being tested internally with working platters achieving 2.381 Tb/in2 (3 TB per platter) and 10 Tb/in2 in the laboratory, and the third generation of production devices is aiming for 5 Tb/in2 (40 TB drives) by 2023.
 * In 1954, engineers of PL Corporation working for RCA filed a patent which described the basic principle of using heat in conjunction with a magnetic field to record data. This was followed by many other patents in this area with the initial focus on tape storage.
 * In the 1980s, a class of mass storage device called the magneto-optical drive became commercially available, which used essentially the same technique for writing data to a disk. One advantage of magneto-optic recording over purely magnetic storage at that time was that the bit size was defined by the size of the focused laser spot rather than the magnetic field. In 1988, a 5.25-inch magneto-optic disk could hold 650 megabytes of data with a road map to several gigabytes; a single 5.25 inch magnetic disk had a capacity of around 100 megabytes.
 * In late 1992, Sony introduced MiniDisc, a music recording and playback format intended to replace audio cassettes. Recordable MiniDiscs used heat-assisted magnetic recording, but the discs were read optically via the Kerr effect.
 * "Late 1990s" – Seagate commenced research and development related to modern HAMR drives.
 * 2006 – Fujitsu demonstrates HAMR.
 * As of 2007, Seagate believed it could produce 300 terabit (37.5 terabyte (TB)) hard disk drives using HAMR technology. Some news sites erroneously reported that Seagate would launch a 300 TB HDD by 2010. Seagate responded to this news stating that 50 terabit per-square-inch density is well past the 2010 timeframe and that this may also involve a combination of bit patterned media.
 * In early 2009 Seagate achieved 250 Gb per square inch using HAMR. This was half of the density achieved via perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) at that time.
 * Hard disk technology progressed rapidly and as of January 2012, desktop hard disk drives typically had a capacity of 500 to 2000 gigabytes, while the largest-capacity drives were 4 terabytes. It was recognised as early as 2000 that the then current technology for hard disk drives would have limitations and that heat-assisted recording was one option to extend the storage capacity.
 * In March 2012 Seagate became the first hard drive maker to achieve the milestone storage density of 1 terabit per square inch using HAMR technology.
 * In October 2012 TDK announced that they had reached a storage density of 1.5 terabit per square inch, using HAMR. This corresponds to 2 TB per platter in a 3.5" drive.
 * November 2013 – Western Digital demonstrates a working HAMR drive, although not yet ready for commercial sales, and Seagate said they expected to begin selling HAMR based drives around 2016.
 * In May 2014, Seagate said they planned to produce low quantities of 6 to 10 TB capacity hard disks in the "near future", but that this would require "a lot of technical investment as you know, it's also a lot of test investment". Though Seagate had not stated that the new hard disks used HAMR, bit-tech.net speculated that they would. Seagate started shipping 8 TB drives around July 2014, but without saying how that capacity was reached; extremetech.com speculated that shingled magnetic recording was used rather than HAMR.
 * In October 2014 TDK predicted that HAMR hard disks could be commercially released in 2015, which did not materialize.
 * At the Intermag 2015 Conference in Beijing, China, from 11 May to 15 May Seagate reported HAMR recording using a plasmonic near field transducer and high anisotropy granular FePt media at an areal density of 1.402 Tb/in2.
 * In October 2014 TDK, who supply hard drive components to the major hard drive manufacturers, stated that HAMR drives up to around 15 TB would probably start to become available by 2016, and that the results from a prototype 10,000 rpm Seagate hard drive with a TDK HAMR head suggested that the standard 5 year durability required by enterprise customers was also achievable.
 * In May 2017, Seagate confirmed that they expected to launch HAMR drives commercially "in late 2018", and the announcement was noted by commentators as being the first time that Seagate had committed to such a specific timeframe for a HAMR drive launch. Commentators at the time suggested a likely capacity at launch could be about 16 TB, although specific capacities and models would not be known until then.
 * During December 2017 Seagate announced that HAMR drives had been undergoing pre-pilot trials at customers during 2017 with over 40,000 HAMR drives and "millions" of HAMR read/write heads already built, and manufacturing capacity was in place for pilot volumes in 2018 and a full market launch of "20 TB+" HAMR drives during 2019. They also stated that HAMR development had achieved 2 Tb per square inch areal density (growing at 30% per year over 9 years with a "near-future" target of 10 Tbpsi), head reliability of "over 2 PB (petabyte)" per head (equivalent to "over 35 PB in a 5 year life on a 12 TB drive", stated to be "far in excess" of typical use) and heating laser power required "under 200mW" (0.2 Watt), less than 2.5% of the 8 or more watts typically used by a hard drive motor and its head assembly.
 * On 6 November 2018, an updated road map from Seagate was reported as suggesting that 16 TB drives in 2018 might be partner-only, with mass production relating to 20 TB drives in 2020. However, on 27 November, Seagate stated that production drives were already shipping and passing "key customer" tests, and the supply chain existed for volume production, with 20 TB drives on development in 2019 and 40 TB drives expected for 2023. Shortly after the above announcement, on 4 December 2018, Seagate also announced it was undertaking final testing and benchmarking of 16 TB HAMR drives intended for commercial release, after which customers would be asked to qualify them (validate that they perform satisfactorily, and confirm their performance data) before general release, with 20 TB drives planned for 2020. Seagate commented that "These are the same tests that customers use to qualify every new drive", and cover power usage, read and write performance, correct responses to SCSI and SATA commands, and other tests. As of early December 2018, the drives were meeting expectations.
 * At the January 2019 Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Seagate showcased HAMR technology, demonstrating successful read/write tasks using an "Exos" drive with a transparent window to show the drive head in action.
 * In February 2019 AnandTech published an update on HAMR, stating detailed product release plans. According to Seagate, 16 TB single actuator HAMR drives were expected to launch commercially in the first half of 2019. They were specified as "over 250 MB/sec, about 80 Input/output operations per second (IOPS), and 5 IOPS per TB" (IOPS/ TB is an important metric for nearline datastores), with a head lifetime of 4 PB and power in use under 12 W, comparable with existing high performance enterprise hard drives. Beyond that, both 20 TB single actuator HAMR drives, and the company's first dual actuator HAMR drives were expected for 2020. (Dual actuator drives were expected for H2 2019, but were likely to initially use existing perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) rather than HAMR: their 2019 dual actuator PMR drives were stated to reach around twice the data rate and IOPS of single actuators: 480 MB/s, 169 IOPS, 11 IOPS/ TB for a 14 TB PMR drive).
 * In October 2019, analysts suspected that HAMR would be delayed commercially until 2022, with 10-platter hard drives using perpendicular recording (expected to be followed by SMR (Shingled magnetic recording) being used as a stopgap solution.
 * During an April 2020 investor earnings call, Seagate's CEO David Mosley stated that demand was being boosted by the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic, and that they expected 20 TB HAMR drives to ship by the end of 2020.
 * In October 2020 Seagate confirmed their intention to begin shipping 20TB HAMR drives in December 2020, with a target of 50TB by 2026.
 * In June 2023, Seagate announced they'll make 32 TB HAMR drives in third quarter in 2023, 40 TB drives on the horizon, 50 TB drives in the labs. And claimed 24 TB PMR drives, 28 TB SMR drives, will be the last of their kinds.
 * In January 2024, Seagate indicated "imminent" mass production of HAMR drives.

Thermomagnetic patterning
A similar technology to heat-assisted magnetic recording that has been used mainstream other than for magnetic recording is thermomagnetic patterning. Magnetic coercivity is highly dependent on temperature, and this is the aspect that has been explored, using laser beam to irradiate a permanent magnet film so as to lower its coercivity in the presence of a strong external field that has a magnetization direction opposite to that of the permanent magnet film in order to flip its magnetization. Thus producing a magnetic pattern of opposite magnetizations that can be used for various applications.

Setup
There are different ways in which the setup can be made, but the underlying principle is still the same. A permanent magnetic strip is deposited on a substrate of silicon or glass, and this is irradiated by a laser beam through a pre-designed mask. The mask is designed specifically for this purpose to prevent the laser beam from irradiating some portions on the magnetic film. This is done in the presence of a very strong magnetic field, which can be generated by a Halbach array. The areas that are exposed/irradiated by the laser beam experience a reduction in their coercivity due to heating by the laser beam, and the magnetization of these portions can be easily flipped by the applied external field, creating the desired patterns

Advantages

 * Can be used to make many types of patterns
 * Useful for magnetic recording, checkered pattern for micro and nanoscale levitation purpose
 * Cheap, as the laser used typically consumes low power
 * Can be easily implemented
 * Can be used for very fine details depending on the finesse with which the laser is used

Disadvantages

 * Potential loss of magnetization (if the temperature exceeds the Curie temperature)
 * Superparamagnetic nature of ferromagnets at very small size limits how small one can go
 * Boundary issues due to undetermined possibilities at the reversal junction
 * Depth of reversal is currently limited
 * Not too efficient on silicon substrate as silicon acts like a heat sink (better on glass substrate)
 * Residual magnetization is a problem due to the depth of reversal which is limited by the penetration depth of the laser beam

title: Heat-assisted magnetic recording


text: Template:Airports in Canada

title: Template:Airports in Canada


text:
Cushing Lake Water Aerodrome

Cushing Lake Water Aerodrome was located 9 NM south southwest of Upsala, Ontario, Canada.

title: Cushing Lake Water Aerodrome


text:
HSH

HSH may refer to:

 * Hekurudha Shqiptare, Albania's state-owned railway operator
 * Henderson Executive Airport in Nevada, United States
 * Hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia
 * His or Her Serene Highness
 * His Sultanic Highness
 * H-S-H, an electric guitar pickup configuration
 * Hudson Street Hooligans, a supporters group for Columbus Crew SC
 * Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels, a holding company
 * HSH Nordbank, a commercial bank in northern Europe
 * Hochschule Hannover, a university in Germany
 * Homebush railway station, in Sydney, Australia
 * Hungarian Sign Language
 * Hydrogenated starch hydrosylate, an artificial sugar substitute

title: HSH


text:
Talk:International Socialist Group

Untitled
I've checked against the Socialist Resistance membership list on Yahoo Groups and added a comment on membership numbers. Of course, this only reflects activists who have subscribed to the list, which will be a subset of those with email addresses, but it's a hard number at least. My guesstimate is that most of those will be supporters of the USFI.--DuncanBCS 11:49, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

I've corrected some factional excesses on this page. --DuncanBCS 09:13, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Upgrade from being a section
This is a little tricky to date. We are right to date the 89 IEC as being the change over, since SA largely withdrew from them leaving the ISG as the only group working like a section. We could note also that the 1991 WC resolutions recongised the SA resolution as 'members of the FI' and not as a section or sympathising section. However, the upgrade to full section was finalised by the 1991 world congress. --Duncan 13:20, 30 October 2006 (UTC)
 * It sounds like it would be useful to have the detail on this, in order to clarify quite a complex situation. Warofdreams talk 00:00, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
 * To be conservative, we should either date the change over in 1991, or show both groups as being public fractions of the section between 89 and 91 (which perhaps reflects the reality). Very hard to do more with verifyable sources, and this was a molecular process largely undocumented by public materials: the deciding factor is always how does each group relate to the FI in practice, rather than assuming that then-current dynamics will continue. There were still two pro-FI tendencies in the SL after 1989. Even after the SL withdrew from active participation in the FI, those tendencies related to the FI and, for example, organised partly around selling International Viewpoint and even submitted documents which are in the 1991 World Congress edition of International Marxist Review. However, in 1991 those tendencies left to join ISG partly because that now had higher status than the SL. However, neither the ISG nor the FI will have wanted to close the door on comrades in the SL who continued to describe themselves as Fourth Internationalists (and, for example, I attended the Mandel memorial seminar in Amsterdam in 1996 where a leader of the SL identified himself in that way).--Duncan 11:04, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

When International Group split from the SL its members were recognised as individual members of the FI. The Socialist League participated in the 1991 World Congress and were still the British Section althought the division of the section into two was recognised. The SL were represented by two delegates, the Rossite majority and a minority in Birmingham that later joined the ISG. The ISG were recognised as the section at the 1995 world congress. Between 1991 and 1995 the SL withdrew from the international. -- 82.39.140.92 23:27, 5 December 2006 (UTC)Anon.
 * This is excellent, thanks. So before 1991 they ISG were individual members, and then from 1991 it was like the current situation in Germany, with a divided section involving two groups with equal status, then from 1995 the ISG was the section. --Duncan 10:06, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

The IG/ISG campaigned for recognition in the international and placed great stress on the fact that a few (one, two?) of its members were guarantors for the SL's mortgage on their premises. The World Congress in 91 and I think the IEC before that asked the SL to release these individuals. I don't know if they have yet been released and I am reluctant to name the individual here. Unsigned comment by editor using 82.39.226.11
 * Yes, I am not sure what happened about that. I think it's been sorted out. --Duncan 22:57, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

 * The two individuals were never formally released as guarantors. By about 2000, the SL had repaid the whole of the loan, so the guarantee lapsed. RolandR 11:51, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

'Red Baiting'
Someone has deleted some names from this article, saying that (Deleted some individual names - I put them in but it seems unfair to name people who are still alive, working and are not members any more. I don't want to be responsible for red baiting.). This seems reasonable to me. --Duncan 12:03, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

This page was in danger of reading like official account of the organisaion. I have added a note at the beginning that suggests that the ISG is a weak compnent of the USFI, and I have questioned the system of elections that the organisation uses. Unsigned comment.

Respect
So what about ISG in Respect? I heard they joined forces with Galloway for some reason, maybe something should be added about that.80.167.85.23 (talk) 03:10, 18 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't think the ISG mas made any statement on it. Of course, it supports Socialist Resistance and perhaps some reference should be made to SR's role in Respect.

 * Accordig to Weekly Worker ISG has joined "RESPECT Renewal" (galloways group) and are suspending production of Socialist Resistance and instead make the funds availible to RESPECT Renewal http://www.cpgb.org.uk/worker/698/respect%20galloway.htm

80.167.85.23 (talk) 22:21, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

Socialist Resistance
The ISG has now dissolved itself into Socialist Resistance. How should this be handled in the article? It seems that the section on the ISG's organization is no longer applicable. Cadriel (talk) 13:40, 7 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, let me have a go at that... --Duncan (talk) 06:37, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:International Socialist Group


text:
New England Yearly Meeting

New England Yearly Meeting (officially the New England Yearly Meeting of Friends) is a body of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) founded in 1661  and headquartered in Worcester, Massachusetts. It includes Friends from the New England region of the United States.

New England Yearly Meeting (NEYM) is part of both Friends General Conference and Friends United Meeting—two broader bodies of Friends—as well as Friends World Committee for Consultation and the Friends Peace Teams.

Sixty-eight monthly meetings are associated with NEYM. Most of the constituent monthly meetings are in the unprogrammed tradition, which means that they meet for silent worship in which any participant may share whatever they believe the Spirit of God leads them to say. Others are in the programmed tradition, which means that they have a pastor who leads the meeting and plans ahead of time what will be said and done.

Yearly meeting sessions are held once a year, usually in the first week of August. The 355th annual sessions were held during August 1–6, 2015 at Castleton University in Castleton, Vermont. Other past locations include Bryant University in Smithfield, Rhode Island; Stonehill College in North Easton, Massachusetts; Wheaton College in Norton, Massachusetts; Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine; and Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts.

NEYM publishes a quarterly newsletter entitled The New England Friend. For many years, the archives for NEYM were housed in the Rhode Island Historical Society Library in Providence, Rhode Island. In 2016, they were moved to the Special Collections and University Archives in the W. E. B. Du Bois Library at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Starting in 1953, NEYM has run a summer camp in South China, Maine called Friends Camp.

2020 saw a virtual meeting, but no summer camp.

title: New England Yearly Meeting


text:
Badgerline

Badgerline was a bus operator in and around Bristol from 1985 until 2003. Its headquarters were in Weston-super-Mare. Initially a part of the Bristol Omnibus Company, it was privatised in September 1986 and sold to Badgerline Holdings in a management buyout. It went on to purchase a number of bus companies in England and Wales. In November 1993, Badgerline Group was listed on the stock exchange and, on 16 June 1995, it merged with the GRT Group to form FirstBus.

In 2018, Badgerline was reintroduced as the name for First West of England's bus services in and around Weston-super-Mare.

1906-1980
The Bristol Tramways Company started operating buses in 1906 to feed traffic into their tram services from beyond the boundaries of the city of Bristol. In 1910 a branch was opened in Weston-super-Mare where the company's first bus station was opened on the sea front in the 1930s. Others were built after World War II at Wells, Bath and Bristol. The company changed its name to the Bristol Omnibus Company in 1957 as it no longer operated trams, but by then it was owned by the British Transport Commission and so became a subsidiary of the National Bus Company (NBC) on 1 January 1969.

1980-1985
In the 1980s the NBC split its subsidiaries into smaller operating units. Bristol Omnibus established a separate operating unit for its services outside Bristol in September 1983 and then introduced three distinct brands in April 1985, with operations in Somerset and the Avon outside the city of Bristol becoming Badgerline.

1986-1990
Badgerline was established as a company in its own right and sold to a group of its managers and staff on 23 September 1986. This was the second bus-operating NBC subsidiary to be sold.

In December 1986, six of the company's managers and 90 other staff formed Badgerline Holdings as a limited company to purchase Badgerline from NBC. Employees held 95% of Badgerline's share capital. It went on to buy two travel agencies, Roman City of Bath, and NBC subsidiary National Travelworld. On 7 August 1987 Western National, which operated in Plymouth and Cornwall, was sold by NBC to Plympton Coachlines with Badgerline Holdings having an initial 39% shareholding, which was increased to 66% in August 1988.

In April 1988, Badgerline Holdings purchased Midland Red West Holdings, another ex-NBC employee buy-out that had purchased Bristol Omnibus in September 1987, and continued to operate city services in Bristol. Because of this the company was referred to the Monopolies & Mergers Commission who reported in March 1989 on concerns regarding the ownership by a single company of the two principal bus operators in Avon. Ensuing discussions led to the company giving two undertakings:
 * 1) it would not seek to re-register any services that had been lost
 * 2) tenders for subsidised routes would be done fairly and scrutinised by an auditor.

The company created three subsidiaries in 1987 in an attempt to expand into new operating areas, none of which lasted more than a year. It sold its share in Red Admiral to Southampton Citybus but their operations in Poole and Salisbury lost £962,000.
 * Badgerline South operated 21 Iveco and 12 Ford Transit minibuses in Salisbury.
 * Badger Vectis operated in Bournemouth and Poole as a joint venture with Southern Vectis using 7 Iveco minibuses and 16 single deck buses, mostly Bristol REs.
 * Red Admiral operated in Portsmouth as a joint venture with Southampton Citybus.

1990-1995
The company expanded into South Wales and Essex and then floated on the stock exchange as the Badgerline Group in November 1993, followed by acquisition of Potteries Motor Traction and Yorkshire Rider in 1994.

Badgerline Group had also unsuccessfully promoted guided buses and articulated buses as solutions to Bristol's transport problems in the 1990s.

The Badgerline Group merged with GRT Group to form FirstBus on 16 June 1995. Badgerline Group contributed 4,000 buses to the new company's fleet of 5,600. The operating subsidiaries transferred to FirstBus were:
 * Badgerline Buses
 * Bristol Omnibus Company (trading as City Line)
 * Eastern National
 * Frontline Enterprises
 * Midland Red West (including Midland Red Coaches)
 * Potteries Motor Traction (including Pennine Blue, Red Rider and Crosville Motor Services)
 * South Wales Transport
 * Thamesway Buses
 * Wessex Coaches
 * Western National
 * Yorkshire Rider

On 16 June 1995, Badgerline Buses became a subsidiary of the new FirstBus.

1996-2003
In 1996, Badgerline, as part of First Group, was merged back into Bristol Omnibus, although Badgerline was retained as a trading name. In July 1997 the Streamline operation in Bath was purchased by FirstGroup and merged with Badgerline, although the Streamline name was retained for a while. It had started as a taxi company but expanded into minibus services. At the time of takeover it had 20 buses, three of which were full size single deck buses.

Bristol Omnibus was renamed First Bristol in 1999 but Badgerline was managed independently again from 2000.

First Somerset & Avon was created on 30 May 2003 to combine the operations of both Badgerline and Southern National under the First brand. In April 2017, following a reorganisation, First Somerset & Avon was combined with First Bristol to become First West of England.

2018-Present
In August 2018 First West of England relaunched their services in Weston-super-Mare as Badgerline, together with a new logo and take on the classic Badgerline livery. This followed the closure of Weston-super-Mare based Crosville Motor Services in April 2018. All 16 buses allocated to the depot for town services were repainted.

Area of operation
Badgerline's headquarters were in Weston-super-Mare. Bus services extended as far as Chippenham, Calne, Gloucester, Salisbury, Taunton and Yeovil but it also operated National Express services to destinations such as London. Vehicles were maintained at four depots: Bath, Bristol, Wells and Weston-super-Mare. The allocations on 1 January 1986 and 30 November 1989 were:

Fleet
The first years of operation saw the delivery of three different models of minibuses, Ford Transits, Freight Rover Sherpas and Iveco Dailys. The first 36 new full-size buses were 12 double deck, 14 single deck and 10 Volvo coaches. These entered service, mainly at Weston-super-Mare, in May 1987. The following year saw the introduction of 24 Optare StarRider midibuses. These were followed by 10 Leyland Olympians for Bath.

On 31 May 1985 46 Ford Transit minibuses replaced 18 full-size buses at Weston-super-Mare, the first English town network to be totally converted to minibus operation. Most routes operated at a 10-minute headway during the daytime, with routes combining to give 5-minute headways through the town centre. Headways reduced to 20 minutes in the evening and on Sundays. Full-size vehicles were retained in the town for longer distance services. The town's bus station was closed in 1987 when maintenance facilities were transferred to a new depot in Warne Road.

Badgerline was operating 342 buses on 1 January 1986 but this had increased to 441 by 30 November 1989.

Liveries and brands
The livery established in 1985 was yellow with a broad diagonal green panel on each side (about a third of the vehicle) sweeping up and forward. The name was in green serif letters, repeating along a white band above the lower deck windows (at roof level on single deck buses) interspersed with a badger logo. Some vehicles carried a white livery with one band each of yellow and green, horizontal along most of the side but up swept at the rear. These were branded for specific services: minibuses were being branded 'Mini Link' and buses with coach seats 'Swift Link', although this brand was soon dropped as it was difficult to always roster branded vehicles to Swift Link routes. Coaches that were not in Roman City, National Express or National Holidays livery were painted white, yellow and green in broad diagonal panels but these sloped backwards, opposite to ordinary buses. Open top vehicles in Bath carried Roman City livery for a while but were then changed to primrose yellow with olive and Brunswick green bands with both Badgerline and Guide Friday logos.

A revised livery was introduced for minibuses in 1991. This was plain green and with a larger badger logo and the company name in yellow serif lettering. Shortly afterwards the larger buses started to appear with the new logo and lettering style on a large green area in the centre of the body, either side of which was a yellow area that was angled up and backwards (opposite to the previous scheme).

FirstBus livery began to appear on Badgerline vehicles in March 1998. In line with company policy this was initially only carried by new vehicles that were built to a high specification. The first of these were Wright Renown bodied Volvo B10BLEs, new for express service X39 between Bristol and Bath, and Wells based routes 173 (to Bath), and 376/377 (to Bristol and Yeovil).

title: Badgerline


text:
Windpark Holtriem

The Windpark Holtreim wind farm is a wind farm in Lower Saxony, Germany Constructed in 1998, Windpark Holtriem is one of the largest European windfarms, comprising thirty-three Enercon E-66 wind turbines. Holtriem is a low-lying area adjacent to the North Sea in East Frisia (Lower Saxony, Germany).

One wind turbine, situated at 53.58111°N, 7.47528°W is equipped with an Observation deck open to visitors, at a height of 63 metres. It can be reached by 297 stairs.

title: Windpark Holtriem


text:
Ákos Hargitai

Ákos Hargitai (born 1964 in Budapest ), since 1990, danced in the field of contemporary dance with various local Hungarian dance groups such as Gyula Berger Dance Company, Artus, choreographer Katalin Lõrinc and in collaboration with Réka Szabó and Eszter Gál.

In Vienna he worked with Cie Willi Dorner, TanzHotel, Tanz Atelier Wien, Mark Tompkins among others.

He worked with Dance Energy / Micha Purucker (D), with David Zambrano (NL) in the Ballroom Project in NYC. He has been a member of the Berlin-based Sasha Waltz & Guests from 1994 to 1998 internationally touring with Travelogue I and II.

His appearance in musicals include: Singin' in the Rain, Cats, West Side Story or a film by Menahem Golan: Mack the Knife.

Ákos Hargitay has been teaching dance at Anton Bruckner Private University Linz, SEAD Salzburg, TQW, Cie. Willi Dorner, Orkesztika Alapitvany Budapest, Dance Conservatory Győr, Ballet Pécs, Workshop Foundation Budapest, L1 DanceLab Budapest. Together with Michaela Pein he has established the first weekly contact jam in Budapest in 2000.

title: Ákos Hargitai


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Zizban

In order to remain listed at Requests for comment, at least two people need to show that they tried to resolve a dispute with this user and have failed. This must involve the same dispute with a single user, not different disputes or multiple users. The persons complaining must provide evidence of their efforts, and each of them must certify it by signing this page with ~. If this does not happen within 48 hours of the creation of this dispute page (which was: {insert UTC timestamp with }), the page will be deleted. The current date and time is:, 29 July 2024 (UTC).

 * (Zizban | talk | contributions)

Users should only edit one summary or view, other than to endorse.

Statement of the dispute
''This is a summary written by users who dispute this user's conduct. Users signing other sections '

Description
''{Add summary here, but you must use the section below to certify or endorse it. Users who edit or endorse this summary should not edit the other summaries, other then to endorse them.}''

This user, who joined the Wikipedia in October 2004, has spent the past six months doing little more than a campaign against me. Using an army of sockpuppets, he has vandalised my user page, my user talk page, and has listed personal attacks against me, and other Wikipedians on his user and user talk pages. Removal of personal attacks from his pages (under the admittedly disputed WP:RPA) led to labels of vandalism.

His vandalism of my user/user talk pages has ranged from personal attacks to blanking, replacing with article content, refactoring content without my permission, impersonating seperate users via sockpuppets, and a series of extremely minor but annoying edits to my user page, which while not changing content, did change the page.

Dispute resolution attempts by User:Friday and User:Golbez have been ignored, eventually resulting in Zizban attempting to take out an RfC for 'abuse of power' when Golbez blocked him for vandalism. Golbez's attempts and blocks, and Fridays attempts did provide some temporary let up from his attacks, but he has not truely ceased at all since early September.

Zizban operates many sockpuppets, and also edits frequently not logged-in. He seems to assume that these either can not or will not be linked back to him. By acting as if his sockpuppets are seperate people, he is breaking Wikipedia policy on sockpuppets. His user page at one stage made a reference to me 'getting his work IP blocked for 24 hours', a direct association between him and one of the numeric IP sockpuppets beneath.

Most of his edits come from these sockpuppets. However, I am taking this RfC out against the Zizban account, as his orignal edits came from it, and the personal attacks were on his pages.

He and many of his sockpuppets have been blocked for this behaviour:
 * Zizban blocked
 * Generallego blocked
 * 141.154.151.219 blocked

Evidence of disputed behavior
(Provide diffs. Links to entire articles aren't helpful unless the editor created the entire article. Edit histories also aren't helpful as they change as new edits are performed.)

As User:Zizban

 * user page minorly vandalised
 * user page minorly vandalised
 * personal attack
 * personal attack
 * personal attack
 * personal attack
 * vandalism (extremely old)

As User:Generallego

 * copyright violation, vandalism
 * copyright violation, vandalism
 * vandalism of my user page
 * vandalism of my user page

As User:Zerozero

 * attempting to use a sockpuppet as a seperate entity, personal attack

As User:Asari

 * attempts to show one of his sockpuppets as a seperate entity, and could possibly be interpreted as a personal attack.

As User:24.52.0.219

 * pure vandalism of my talk page

As User:141.154.151.219

 * vandalism, copyright violation
 * vandalism, copyright violation
 * vandalism, copyright violation
 * vandalism of my user page
 * single full stop added to my user page, for no reason

As User:70.109.232.34

 * pure vandalism of my talk page, links this IP to User:Generallego
 * vandalism, again admitting to being Generallego
 * and again

As User:17.255.240.70

 * vandalism. This, but no other linked edits, might not be Zizban. But it came during one of his waves

As User:Symbols

 * vandalism of my user page
 * vandalism of my user page
 * vandalism of my user page

Applicable policies
{list the policies that apply to the disputed conduct}
 * No personal attacks
 * Vandalism
 * Sock puppet
 * Copyrights

Evidence of trying and failing to resolve the dispute
(provide diffs and links)
 * User:Golbez's attempt to resolve the dispute
 * one of User:Friday's attempts to resolve the dispute

Users certifying the basis for this dispute
(sign with ~ )
 * Kiand 09:16, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I encountered this unfortunate situation a couple weeks ago, and left a note asking Ziand to stop with the pestering. I wasn't aware of the sock situation until reading this, though.  Friday (talk) 14:40, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Other users who endorse this summary
(sign with ~ )
 * Obviously this user has some sort of grudge. It might be helpful to know why, but it doesn't change the fact that this is unacceptable conduct.  Robert McClenon 21:36, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * User:Zizban should refrain from making personal attacks. However, some of these alleged sockpuppets might not be related to him/her; see my comment on the talk page. Andrew pmk | Talk 23:15, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Response
''This is a summary written by the user whose conduct is disputed, or by other users who think that the dispute is unjustified and that the above summary is biased or incomplete. Users signing other sections ("Statement of the dispute" and "Outside Views") should not edit the "Response" section.''

"I only have one ID, Zizban. It's all I have ever used. My ISP rotates IPs every seven days or so. This covers a huge area: all of Vermont, Half of Massachusetts and most of New York State. I'm sorry other users may have had the same IP as me at any given time, but I have no control of that. In addition, any similarities are coincidence, or more likely people or sock puppets of others trying to give me a bad name." --User:Zizban

{Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):

Outside view
''This is a summary written by users not directly involved with the dispute but who would like to add an outside view of the dispute. Users editing other sections ("Statement of the dispute" and "Response") should not edit the "Outside Views" section, except to endorse an outside view.''

{Add summary here, but you must use the endorsement section below to sign. Users who edit or endorse this summary should not edit the other summaries.}

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):

Discussion
All signed comments and talk not related to a vote or endorsement, should be directed to this page's discussion page. Discussion should not be added below. Discussion should be posted on the talk page. Threaded replies to another user's vote, endorsement, evidence, response, or comment should be posted to the talk page.

title: Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Zizban


text:
Charlton, Hampshire

Charlton is a small village and civil parish northwest of Andover. Due to the expansion of Andover in recent years the two settlements are now effectively contiguous. Charlton is separated from Andover by way of Charlton Park and Anton Lakes. This provides an effective natural gap. As of 2005, the village has a population of 2,053 people.

History
Strips of land held on copyright tenure in Charlton formed part of the manor of Foxcotte, and are documented its estate maps from 1614 onwards. In 1892 Charlton was a moderately sized rural settlement, with a school, smithy, two farms, a Methodist chapel, and two pubs.

By 1969 the Village had undergone some expansion, St Thomas' Church was built and in-fill houses had been added. Andover had expanded past the railway line and the gap between Charlton and it was now almost non-existent.

For Charlton itself, the greatest growth in its history came in the late 1970s and 80s, with very large development primarily to the west of Hatherden Road. The new houses were in a suburban style, extinguishing most of the remaining rural character.

More development took place after 2017, to the east of the historic centre. Today there are some reminders of Charlton's rural past; there are at-least eight thatched buildings (including part of the Royal Oak) and several other historic buildings.

Charlton Lakeside
There are also a number of other sporting venues to suit everyone of all ages provided by Charlton Leisure centre. These include:

 * 6 Football pitches (1 floodlit)
 * 2 Cricket pitches
 * 6 Lane all weather floodlit running track
 * 1 Artificial turf pitch (floodlit)
 * 18 hole pitch and putt course
 * 18 hole adventure golf course
 * Children's playground
 * Boating lake
 * Fishing lake
 * Charlton - Charlton Lakes - geograph.org.uk - 2825850.jpg Track

Sporting events

 * Test Valley Cycle Tour
 * The RPM Challenge Bike Ride Of The Day
 * Andover RFC
 * Andover Parkrun - a weekly, free 5k run around Charlton Playing Fields

St. Thomas' Community Hall
Along with all the sporting facilities in the village, the local church also provides many services to the community.

The Royal Oak
Like any traditional English village, the Royal Oak is Charlton's local pub, providing a valuable service to many of the locals. The pub also has various pool, dart and football teams as well as a very popular weekly quiz night.

Shops in Charlton
There is a Tesco mini-market which took over from the One Stop chain in 2007. This unit was historically an independent newsagent and convenience store known as Charlton News, owned by the Patel family during the 1970s and 80s.

The other shop in the village is Charlton Premier Shop - a local produce and mini-market. Previously Behind The Bikeshed - and originally the village Post Office and Spar Shop.

title: Charlton, Hampshire


text:
User talk:Flandi77

I'm a BSc student at UNSW, Sydney and live in New College. flavius a despi 12:37, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Flandi77


text:
Lifecell

lifecell (formerly life:)) is a Ukrainian telecommunications company based in Kyiv. It is the third largest Ukrainian mobile telephone network operator, (after Kyivstar and Vodafone Ukraine) covering 98.82% of Ukrainian inhabited territory. Turkcell is the parent company of Lifecell. Lifecell's dialing prefixes are +38063, +38093 and +38073.

As of the end of Q3 of 2014, Ukrainian GSM operator life:) serves 13.6 million subscribers of prepaid, contract and corporate subscription. Company provides roaming opportunities in 184 countries via more than 456 roaming partners. The operator was the first mobile network operator in Ukraine to introduce EDGE technology that offers high speed data transfer. Now the technology is enabled in 100% life:) network.

As of today, six lifecell customer service centers and 193 exclusive shops operate in 103 cities of Ukraine. In addition, life:) subscribers can order life:) services through 153 branded points of sale and 49 487 GSM and non-GSM sales points throughout Ukraine.

History
In January 2005 Astelit launched GSM-1800 service under the life:) brand, and has attracted 7.6 million contract and prepaid subscribers by December 2007.

In June 2011, it was reported that Russian conglomerate Alfa Group was negotiating a deal to purchase the 45% share in Astelit.

In July 2015, Turkcell completed the acquisition of a 44.96% stake in the company owned by Rinat Akhmetov's SCM Holdings.

In 2017, the company ended its operations in Ukraine's russian-occupied territories Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic.

In 2018, the operator received licenses for 4G LTE in the ranges of 2600 MHz and 1800 MHz. On March 30, 2018, lifecell launched LTE Advanced Pro standard in about 20 cities of Ukraine. First and foremost, Kyiv, Lviv, Kharkiv, Odesa and Dnipro. The company launched its 4G network on 1 July 2018. It is planned that by the end of 2018 the new standard will be available in 1500 cities, covering up to 50% of the total population of Ukraine.

Corporate social responsibility
In 2007, lifecell joined the UN Global Compact, as an initiative to encourage CSR (corporate social responsibility) practices by example including the 10 basic principles of human rights, labor standards, environmental protection and anti-corruption measures.

title: Lifecell