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Spyker Cars

Spyker Cars is a Dutch sports car brand held by the holding company Spyker N.V. (formerly known as Spyker Cars N.V. and Swedish Automobile N.V.). The modern Spyker Cars held the legal rights to the brand name. The company's motto is "Nulla tenaci invia est via", Latin for "For the tenacious, no road is impassable". The marque's logo displays an aircraft propeller superimposed over a spoked wheel, a reference to the historic Spyker company that manufactured automobiles and aircraft. In 2010, the company acquired Swedish car manufacturer Saab Automobile from General Motors.

In September 2011, Spyker announced the impending sale of its supercar division to Greenwich, Connecticut based North Street Capital,

In an attempt to save Spyker from bankruptcy, Swedish Automobile in September 2011, announced the immediate sale of Spyker to American private equity and hedge fund North Street Capital for €32 million (US$41 million), and subsequently changed its name to Swedish Automobile N.V. However, it was later revealed that the transaction did not occur.

On December 18, 2014, Spyker confirmed that it had gone bankrupt, hoping to restructure its finances and getting back on its feet. The bankruptcy declaration was reverted early 2015 and the company announced to continue with the production of sports cars. In 2021 it went bankrupt again. In January 2022 Spyker announced a return to building cars after being backed by Russian investors.

Early years

The reborn company was founded by Victor Muller and Maarten de Bruijn in 1999, and since 2000, Spyker has been building exclusive sports cars like the C8 Spyder and the C8 Laviolette (with its elegant glass roof). Spyker's history of producing aero engines is reflected in details in these new cars as well as in the logo. Before building the C8, de Bruijn had been building small numbers of the Spyker Silvestris, which in many ways foreshadows Spyker's later cars.

The C8 Laviolette and C8 Spyder have a 4172 cc Audi V8 engine delivering 400 bhp, acceleration 0–60 mph in 4.5 seconds and a top speed of 300 km/h. On July 14, 2005, Spyker announced that the C8 had been approved for sale in the US market.

Between 2002 and 2006, Spyker built the C8 Double 12 S, which was available from the factory with 5 different levels of performance called Stage I (400 h.p.) through Stage V (620 h.p.), depending on the customer's need for performance.

Between 2003 and 2007, Spyker built the C8 Spyder T, with the Twin turbo system being developed in conjunction with Cosworth in England. These engines were capable of 525 h.p. and 0–60 mph acceleration times of 4.0 seconds.

In 2005, the head designer and founder, Maarten de Bruijn, left the company, and founded Silvestris Aquamotive which builds aluminum space frame speed boats.

In 2006, Spyker built the C12 La Turbie with a V12 engine capable of 500 horsepower and acceleration from 0–60 mph in less than 4 seconds.

In September 2006, Spyker acquired the Midland F1 team, which subsequently competed in the final three races of the 2006 season as Spyker MF1. In the 2007, the team competed as Spyker F1 using engines supplied by Ferrari. Driver Adrian Sutil was paired with Christijan Albers until the European Grand Prix where the latter was replaced by reserve driver Markus Winkelhock; the team then signed Sakon Yamamoto to fill in the slot for the rest of the year. The team itself had minimal success, suffering from multiple retirements (including double retirements in Malaysia, Canada and Brazil) before Sutil scored the team's first and only point in Japan. At the end of the season, the team was sold to a consortium named "Orange India" led by Vijay Mallya and was subsequently renamed as Force India.

On May 27, 2004, Spyker Cars listed on the Euronext Amsterdam Stock Exchange at €15.50, falling to a low of €8.28 in April 2005. The stock rebounded sharply in early 2006 to over €22 per share. Early in 2007 the stock showed a sharp decline to levels beneath €13 because of financing issues. As a result, several stock issues were announced to big investors. Notably, all shares have been sold at higher prices than the market price at the moment of announcement. On November 13, 2005, Spyker Cars and Mubadala Development Company, a principal investment company wholly owned by the government of the United Arab Emirates, announced their strategic alliance, with Mubadala acquiring 17% of Spyker. Mubadala has a strong relationship with sports cars, also controlling 5% of Ferrari.

In 2007, Spyker, in collaboration with the Italian car-design firm Zagato, produced the C12 Zagato, based on the C12 La Turbie, but with more appealing bodywork, faster speeds, and the Zagato trademark roof bubbles. This is perhaps the more exclusive Spyker car to date.

In November 2009, Spyker announced that it would be moving production from Zeewolde to Whitley, Coventry, where assembly would be done in partnership with CPP Manufacturing. UK production began in February 2010. Due to the bankruptcy of SAAB and a falling out with business partners, the production was not moved to the UK.

Acquisition of Saab Automobile

In late November 2009, following the collapse of Koenigsegg Group's acquisition of Saab Automobile from General Motors (GM), Spyker placed a bid of its own to acquire Saab. General Motors (GM), receptive to the offer, entered into negotiations with Spyker and conducted an extensive due diligence effort. From this, they learned that the Swedish monetary and security agencies had uncovered ties between the family of Vladimir Antonov—a major Spyker shareholder—and organized crime syndicates engaged in money laundering. In part due to this, GM ended negotiations with Spyker on December 18, stating that it would begin a staged wind-down of operations at Saab Automobile in January if a buyer for it couldn't be found.

Spyker CEO Victor Muller revived the deal by revising the company's acquisition bid and acquiring Antonov's shares via Tenaci, another company he owned. On 26 January 2010, Spyker reached an agreement with GM to purchase Saab for US$394 million, comprising US$74 million in cash and US$320 million in Spyker stock, subject to regulatory and government approval. General Motors would continue to supply Saab with engines and transmissions, and would produce the new Saab 9-4X at GM's Mexican factory. To pay the upfront acquisition cost, Spyker took out a loan from the European Investment Bank and borrowed $US25 million from Convers Bank, owned by former investor Vladimir Antonov.

On February 23, 2010, Spyker completed its acquisition of Saab Automobile and announced it would restructure to make both Spyker and Saab subsidiaries of a parent company called Swedish Automobile. The restructure was completed on June 15, 2011 when shareholders agreed at the company's annual shareholder meeting to change its official name from Spyker Cars N.V. to Swedish Automobile N.V.

Saab bankruptcy
By the end of 2010, however, Saab Automobile ran out of money and Spyker was unable to fund the losses. The companies stopped paying their bills in early 2011, resulting in the halting of production on March 30 due to suppliers refusing to deliver parts on credit.

In February 2011, it was announced that Swedish Automobile, the Dutch owner of Saab Automobile, agreed to sell its sports car unit to Vladimir Antonov. Antonov, a former Spyker chairman and shareholder, was expected to pay 15 million euros (US$21 million) for the company. However, in March 2011, the deal fell through, with Spyker's manufacturing partner CPP Manufacturing placing a bid, but this deal fell through later that month.

On June 8, 2011, Saab Automobile said it had stopped production due to an insufficient supply of parts. This occurred only two weeks after resuming production following a seven-week hiatus. The supply of parts stopped because Saab did not pay its suppliers. Production was due to start again on August 9.

On June 23, Saab announced that it was unable to pay June salaries to the entire workforce of 3,800 due to lack of funding. The trade union IF Metall gave Saab seven days to pay the salaries to their employees; otherwise, IF Metall threatened to force a liquidation of the company. On June 29, Saab employees were paid.

Swedish Automobile initially tried to secure funding in May 2011 via proposed joint ventures with Chinese automotive manufacturers Hawtai and Youngman, and the Chinese car dealership chain Pang Da. As negotiations had not progressed by September, Swedish Automobile offered to sell its Spyker Cars division to the American private equity firm North Street Capital for €32 million (US$41 million), but was declined. Saab Automotive submitted a debt restructuring plan that would put the company on track to have positive equity by 2014 via a process that would involve terminating 500 employees to save €100,000. The proposal was accepted by a Swedish court on October 31, 2011.

On October 28, 2011, Swedish Automobile announced that it would sell Saab Automobile for €100 million (US$140 million) to Youngman and Pang Da, who would acquire 60 and 40 percent of Saab's shares, respectively. On November 7, GM rejected the deal with Youngman and Pang Da to prevent them from benefiting from technology Saab had licensed from it. On December 19, following a month of unsuccessful negotiations with GM, Saab Automobile filed for bankruptcy due to being unable to find another company to acquire it. Swedish Automotive attempted to prevent the liquidation of Saab by putting Spyker Cars up for sale again, but was unable to find a buyer.

On 16 April 2012, a meeting regarding Saab's bankruptcy was held at the District Court of Vänersborg. The official receivers in charge of the Saab liquidation valued its assets and debt at US$500 million and US$2 billion, respectively, leaving it with a debt of US$1.5 billion. In June 2012 the company was sold to the Chinese-Swedish investment group National Electric Vehicle Sweden (NEVS), after which Swedish Automotive N.V. was renamed Spyker N.V.

Post-bankruptcy
On August 6, 2012, Spyker announced that it would sue GM over the Saab bankruptcy, with CEO Muller stating, "Ever since we were forced to file for Saab Automobile's bankruptcy in December of last year, we have worked relentlessly on the preparation for this lawsuit which seeks to compensate Spyker and Saab for the massive damages we have incurred as a result of GM's unlawful actions." In June 2013, the US$3 billion claim was heard in Detroit, Michigan before US federal Gershwin Drain, who dismissed it on the basis that "General Motors had a contractual right to approve or disapprove the proposed transaction" due to Spyker having given GM the right to veto any change of ownership in the Saab acquisition agreement. Spyker's appeal of the ruling was heard at the 6th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Cincinnati on October 24, 2014. Judge Eugene Siler ruled in favor of GM, stating that the company's blocking of the sale of Saab had not been malicious, but rather based upon "legitimate business concerns" about who would benefit from Saab's use of GM technology.

On August 27, 2012, Spyker announced that Youngman had acquired a 29.9% stake in the company for €10 million (US$12.5 million). Two joint ventures between Spyker and Youngman were announced, Spyker P2P and Spyker Phoenix, with Spyker having 25% and 20% stakes in them, respectively. Spyker P2P would develop new luxury sports utility vehicles, while Spyker Phoenix would develop a range of premium cars based on the Saab PhoeniX platform.

In March 2013, the B6 Venator was unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show, the B6 Venator was noted as Spyker's first concept car in nearly four years.

On September 16, 2013, Spyker N.V. lost its listing on Euronext Amsterdam after failing to undergo a restructuring agreement.

On November 5, 2014, the Central Netherlands District Court ordered Spyker to leave the factory it had been renting within seven days and pay its owner €152,000 in overdue rent. The claim was made by Jacques Walch, the owner of the factory rented by Spyker. Despite this, CEO Victor Muller insisted the company would be able to pay its bills "in a matter of days."

On 2 December 2014, Spyker NV was granted a moratorium of payment (financial restructuring) by the Central Netherlands District Court. Spyker needed protection from creditors for its liquidity problems. Victor R. Muller, Spyker founder and chief executive, said "Over the past few years, Spyker has faced a number of serious difficulties and challenges resulting from, among others, the legacy of the F1 era and the acquisition of Saab Automobile AB,".

On December 2, 2014, Spyker filed a voluntary petition to financially restructure ("surseance van betaling") to address short-term operational and liquidity challenges, the Dutch equivalent of Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The Central Netherlands District Court initially declared the company bankrupt on 18 December, but reversed course on 29 January, 2015 after Spyker appealed the decision. The court granted Spyker's petition and appointed an administrator to work with the Board of Management in managing the company's affairs until the completion of its restructure. The court's ruling granted the company a moratorium of payment to protect its assets from seizure by creditors for the duration of the restructure.

On May 13, Spyker closed a deal with the creditors—to whom it owed a combined €44 million—to pay them €12,000 each. Saab GB, the largest creditor with €24.9 million at stake, agreed to receive a payment of €61,000. A later attempt by the Latvian bank Lizings to claim more money was declined by the court.

On July 29, 2015, Spyker completed its restructuring plan and resumed regular business operations. In March 2016, Spyker announced the production of a new model, the C8 Preliator, at the Geneva Motor Show.

In January 2021, Spyker filed for bankruptcy again.

Spyker C8
The C8 Spyder was the original base model with an Audi 4.2 litre V8 engine. Since the start of its production in 2000, twelve different variants have been sold. A long-wheelbase version was presented at the 2008 Geneva Motor Show, called the C8 Aileron. A year later, a convertible version was presented. Horsepower ranges from 400 for the original C8 Spyder to 620 for the C8 Double 12S.

The most recent model, the C8 Preliator, was officially announced at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show. Only 50 vehicles will be produced. The car has a 4.2l supercharged Audi V8 producing 525 hp, resulting in a 0–100 km/h time of 3.7 seconds and a top speed of 322 km/h. The car either comes with a 6-speed manual Getrag or a 6-speed ZF automatic transmission. As with previous Spyker models, the car has typical aviation-inspired design elements such as NACA styled air-inlets. Driver technology has been upgraded as well compared to previous models, with the C8 Preliator gaining a heads-up display and bluetooth connectivity for phones.

Spyker C12
The Spyker C12 is a luxury sports car of which there were two variants. Spyker originally planned a small production run, but only one prototype of each car was built.
 * Spyker C12 La Turbie, 2006
 * Spyker C12 Zagato, 2007

Spyker D12/D8

In 2006, the Spyker D12 Peking-to-Paris high-performance SUV, was announced at the Geneva Motor Show. But the mass-production, which was slated for a mid-2008 production, was delayed and the V12 engine from the concept car has been changed to a Volkswagen W12 engine at around 500 bhp. Its name was then changed to the D8.

Spyker hoped that the assistance of Saab, which they owned at the time, would help the D8 reach production. According to Muller in April 2011, the D8 should have started production in early 2013, with a price tag of £186,000. However, in March 2013, production was scheduled for 2016, with a production prototype due by 2014. Eventually, plans to produce the model were discontinued.

Spyker E8/E12
Spyker shareholders and CEO, Victor Muller hinted at a Maserati Quattroporte, Porsche Panamera rival with an eight-cylinder (the E8) or a twelve-cylinder (the E12) engine but due to problems getting the D8 into production, the idea was ignored until 2009 when Muller has said he "believes now could be the time to resurrect the saloon." Muller believed it would take about four years from the time that the E8/E12 is revealed to actual production. It was never produced, however.

Sales
Spyker's all-time high was achieved in 2006, with 94 cars sold, about 290 cars were sold between 2000 and 2010.

Financial results
Spyker lost money each year since 2007. This table summarizes the key figures of Spyker Cars from 2007 to 2012. The figures originate from the Spyker Annual Report in 2011 and 2012.

Spyker F1
On September 9, 2006, Spyker bought Midland F1 Racing, a Formula One team from Canadian businessman Alex Shnaider. Spyker paid US$106.6 million for the team which was renamed Spyker MF1 Team for the last three races of the 2006 Formula One season. As part of the deal, the cars had a revised livery for the final three races of 2006.

On August 14, 2007, Spyker Cars announced that it would have to sell all or part of the team due to a potential split of the team from its parent company.

On September 3, 2007, Indian billionaire Dr Vijay Mallya (Chairman and CEO of Toyota sponsors Kingfisher Airlines) and Dutch entrepreneur Michiel Mol (Spyker's Formula One Director), stated the Spyker board had accepted their offer and became the new owners of the Spyker Formula One team, which was renamed as Force India Formula One Team for the 2008 season.

Spyker Squadron
The Spyker Squadron was the factory racing team, competing in events such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the Le Mans Series, occasional entries in the FIA GT Championship, and the 12 hours of Sebring. Spyker also supplied a car to Swiss Spyker distributor, Speedy Garages, running under the name Speedy Racing Team.

title: Spyker Cars


text: User talk:84.65.145.15

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:84.65.145.15


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Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics

The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics (the Randall) is a research institute of King's College London located in London United Kingdom. It is a centre for study in allergy and asthma; muscle signalling and development; structural biology; muscle biophysics; cell motility and cytoskeleton, and cell imaging.

The Randall continues the tradition of Biophysics at King's established by Sir John Randall, which produced the studies of the structure of DNA by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Much of this early work was supported by the Medical Research Council, who still provide the majority of research funding.

The Biophysics Unit expanded and in the 1960s moved to the site in Drury Lane that later became known as the Randall Institute, incorporating at various stages the King's Biophysics Department, MRC Cell Biophysics Unit, and MRC Muscle and Motility Unit. After King's merged with the Guy's and St Thomas’ Medical Schools in 1998, the Randall Institute research groups moved to new labs on the Guy's Campus at London Bridge, which became the present Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics.


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Osaris

Osaris is a personal digital assistant (PDA) featuring the EPOC operating system (OS) distributed by Oregon Scientific.

The Osaris was released in 1999, and at the time priced at to. The Osaris contains an 18.432 MHz CL-PS7111 (ARM 710) processor and is powered by two AA size batteries or an external power 6 volt AC adapter, with a 3 volt CR2032 cell providing backup power. The liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a touchscreen, backlit 320 × 200 pixels with 16 greyscale levels. There are also 10 membrane keys, 5 on each side of the LCD. The Osaris can be linked to a PC via an RS-232 link cable and IrDA (Infrared). The Osaris contains 8 MB of read-only memory (ROM), and, depending on the model, 4 MB, 8 MB or 16 MB random-access memory (RAM). The memory can also be expanded using CompactFlash. The Osaris is the only PDA to use the EPOC release 4 operating system. It also has the distinction of being the first device to run EPOC (later renamed Symbian OS) that was not built by Psion. It is very similar in ability to the Psion Series 5. The Osaris comes with these programs preinstalled:
 * Dimensions: 170 × 90 × 20 mm
 * Weight: c. 250 g

 * Agenda: For appointments, things to do, birthdays, anniversaries
 * Data: For names, addresses, or other database use
 * Jotter: For making quick notes
 * Time: For alarms
 * Calc: For simple or scientific calculations
 * World: Shows a map, world times, dialling codes
 * Word: For writing documents, letters
 * Sheet: For tables, spreadsheets, graphs
 * Program: Editor for writing computer programs

title: Osaris


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Nicholas Vachon

Nicholas "Nick" Vachon (born July 20, 1972) is a Canadian former ice hockey player.

Biography
Born in Montreal, Quebec, Vachon is the son of former NHL goaltender Rogie Vachon.

As a youth, Vachon played in the 1984 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Los Angeles.

He was drafted in the 12th round, 241st overall in 1990 by the Toronto Maple Leafs. In his career, he played one National Hockey League game for the New York Islanders in 1996. He also played the title character in George Plamondon's 2003 short film Clark: The Canadian Hockey Goalie.

title: Nicholas Vachon


text:
Talk:Diflucan

"Duplicate" page
Diflucan is the brand name for fluconazole. It turns out that there's already a page on fluconazole! Perhaps the two should be merged. Andrew73 11:53, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Diflucan


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Westminster motor kits

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 02:03, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Westminster motor kits
Delete. How-to article transwikied to Wikibooks. -- Egil 11:54, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/School science experiment--Indian rope trick (magnetism)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 02:03, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

School science experiment--Indian rope trick (magnetism)
Delete. How-to article transwikied to Wikibooks. -- Egil 11:54, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Lindsay Vallis

Lindsay Grant Vallis (born January 12, 1971) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger. He was drafted in the first round, thirteenth overall, of the 1989 NHL Entry Draft by the Montreal Canadiens. He played just one game in the National Hockey League, with the Canadiens during the 1993–94 season, going scoreless.

title: Lindsay Vallis


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/How to make a transformer

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. --Ryan Delaney talk 02:37, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

How to make a transformer

 * Delete. How-to article transwikied to Wikibooks. -- Egil 11:54, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Rogerd 19:17, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Transwikied. Bushytails 06:12, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Petri Varis

Petri Johannes Varis (born May 13, 1969) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey forward. He was drafted by the San Jose Sharks as their 6th-round pick in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft.

Playing career
Starting his pro career with Karhu-Kissat in the Finnish first division, Varis played his first SM-liiga games with Ässät in the 1991–92 season. After two seasons with Ässät, Varis moved to Jokerit, where he finished his seventh full season in 2005.

With Jokerit, Varis won 4 Finnish championships and 2 European Cups.

In 1997, Varis moved to North America, where he played a season with the Indianapolis Ice in the IHL, as well as a single NHL game with the Chicago Blackhawks. He has also played in the German ice hockey league and the Swiss first and second leagues.

Varis has also represented Finland in international play.

Varis scored 268 goals in SM-Liiga. He also scored 7 goals in 7 games in European Cup.

Awards

 * Jarmo Wasama memorial trophy as Best Rookie - 1992
 * Matti Keinonen trophy for best +/- in the regular season - 1996
 * Jari Kurri trophy for best player during the playoffs - 1996
 * Aarne Honkavaara trophy for best goal scorer - 1997
 * Veli-Pekka Ketola trophy for most points scored - 1997 and 2001.

Records

 * SM-liiga record for most goals scored in the playoffs (12).
 * Jokerit all-time scoring leader in points and goals. Second in assists.

title: Petri Varis


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Talk:DNN (software)

NPOV
This needs bigtime NPOV editing. -Werdna648 11:56, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Perhaps, but it is so short it hardly says anything at all. Natcolley 19:04, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

I agree with Natcolley. It seems pretty neutral to me as it is so brief and doesn't say whether DotNetNuke is good, bad or indifferent. Gabnash 27 October 2005

I don't see anything listed that isn't fact. I also don't see anything that praises or puts the item on a pedestal. 69.243.108.219 20:48, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

I just want to point out that it is very annoying that some people just love to poke at Microsoft-related pages, throwing these NPOV/reference requests all over the place. If you look at the number of pages on the net with attempts to prove how much microsoft products suck, vs. pages showing benchmarks where drupal, or php, or linux got douched, it's kind of obvious that other than actual issues resulting from microsoft products, there are a lot of bitter individuals just looking for trouble. Honestly? if you don't know anything about the content of the page, stop acting like you do, you're just wasting other people's precious time 'cause then we have to remove all the unsupported tags you added to the page. -CasperRAWR

Since nobody has provided any justification for the NPOV tag, I am removing it. --Blackeagle 00:25, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * dd 21 dec 2005 itas there again, without any explanation. whats up? --145.99.202.92 09:56, 21 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Looks like it got put back when Ombudsman did the revert on Nov. 11. I'm removing it again because I don't see any reason for it and nobody's stepped forward to justifiy it here.--Blackeagle 06:05, 6 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I put the NPOV tag back in.
 * "that require little more than HTML knowledge to create."
 * Unproven and hard to quantify how much knowledge you need to create. I have used the system and I would not make such a statement.

 * "the power of DotNetNuke lies not so much in its built in features but its easy extensibility."
 * Again, an unquantifiable statement. It is straight out of a marketing departments bag of statements.

 * "and should see it stay around for many years to come."
 * Unprovable. It is a loaded statement to get you to think this is a product you should use because it will be around, but will it?

 * "DotNetNuke also serves as an example of best practice coding techniques for ASP.NET"
 * Best practice coding techniques is subjective.

 * --kingmundi 12:05, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

maybe the word "ideal" in the first para ("ideal for creating and maintaining professional websites") is not neutral enough, imo. maybe 'used for' would be more neutral, 'suited for'. i'm gonna make the change, but this is my first wiki edit in a long time, so don't flame me too bad ;-)

I completely agree that it is more like publicity than a proper article. The tone is simply not neutral. You can argue till the cows come home over particular words or expressions but I don't feel it is unbiased.

This is obviously just marketing for DotNetNuke. --Rik Hemsley

The article is pretty POV in tone but it also seems pretty untidy and cursory. Perhaps it should be marked as a stub and/or in need of cleanup? Jammycakes 17:01, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

OK, I've rewritten it to make it a bit more NPOV, tidy it up and add some structure to it. I wasn't 100% sure on including the bit that I added about standards compliance (I'm admittedly a bit of a fanatic for table-less CSS and standards) but I left it in anyway. Jammycakes 18:24, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

Guess what? It's back to being an advert. Tagged again. --AbsolutDan (talk) 20:55, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I've reverted it to its pre-advert state - pretty much all the advertising-esque changes were made in one edit. Do you still think it needs more work in that respect? Jammycakes 21:28, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Nah - it's not perfect, but I've seen plenty worse. I considered reverting myself, but saw the editor did make some content changes. You're probably right - get rid of edit completely, the useful info can be added back in separately. Thanks for taking care of it. --AbsolutDan (talk) 22:12, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

I've done a rather large edit, specifically on the Introduction section. These edits are meant to give the entry some historical perspective - where the project originated, how it was named, trademarking considerations, and its subsequent progression. I believe all items in the Intro are all neutral - facts, not opinions. The citations added were drawn from published books and magazines, press releases, and descriptive pages on the official site... Being a relative Wikipedia newbie, I would appreciate feedback on these changes, so I can go ahead and work on the other lacking areas of this entry without making missteps. Also, I must add that I believe this entry to be both notable and relevant, and worthy of a Wikipedia entry. This is especially true if similar projects such as postnuke and php-nuke have entries here.

The problem I have is that they claim registered trademark over and over (both using the the symbol and outright statements) and according to the US PTO, it has not been registered. Yes, it was applied for and it's currently in process, but it's simply not accurate to call it a registered trademark. Christopher Estep

With respect to Christopher's work, I have re-added the POV tag to this article. The vast majority of references for this article, and content therein,  derive from the company's own website and publications,  and from affiliate sources. While I am of the agnostic inclusionist persuasion, and concede notability etc.,  this article is not drawn from a NPOV (and moreover and more significantly,  makes DNN seem more legitimate than it is by employing the marketing perspective of the creating company,  for instance). Whatever it is, Wikipedia is not (| should not be) a forum for free advertising and marketing without revealing the inherent bias. This needs to be addressed. KenThomas (talk) 02:42, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

I have added NPOV information regarding DotNetNuke's skinning engine including limited information from "Professional DotNetNuke 4" (ISBN:0-471-78816-3) and information I have learned about the DNN skinning engine (discussions in numerous DotNetNuke forums between users and professionals that use and/or develop upon the DotNetNuke framework). I am currently developing a website using the DotNetNuke framework and I will post more into the DNN wiki entry as I use it further. I personally am not a fan of it but there are a number of benefits to be gleaned from it which can be reasonably cited from the parent company's marketing material. Bear in mind that the only money the DotNetNuke Corporation makes from the DotNetNuke framework is from over-and-above support deals - the framework itself it open source and is *designed* to be extensible so people can add to the core framework as well as build modules, skins etc. as optional add-ons. Whether the framework achieves the *desired* result is debatable but this wiki entry is *NOT* for the purpose of discussing this. Medicineworker (talk) 14:37, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

Have updated sentence in article which referred to trademarks, and cited the references (Canadian Intellectual Property Office.) The terms "dotnetnuke" and "DNN" are indeed trademarked - not by US PTO as Christopher points out - but in Canada nonetheless. DNNsider (talk) 16:39, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

I did a major update of this mainly yesterday. I've been using this open-source product for years and can certainly say it has problems and nice features both. Let me know if anything sounds 'smarmy' & I can adjust the language. There was a TON of ancient stuff that isn't very relevant to the current product. I still hope to come back in and refocus the article on the current issues users will face and wonder about. There's also a ton of 'features' but obviously those appear to be off-limits to maintain NPOV? Big change is that the page should be renamed from DotNetNuke to DNN, but I'll leave that for more experienced folks! User:JohnWikiC Noon 16 June 2016 (PST)

Versions
Article needs to reflect newest versions of DotNetNuke. These are 3.3.2 and 4.3.2.

Latest version is 4.8.2. Medicineworker (talk) 14:24, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

Latest Version is 4.8.4 running under ASP.NET 2.0 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.121.78.177 (talk) 22:44, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

Latest version is now 5.1.1 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.110.24.110 (talk) 16:12, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

Latest version is 6.2 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Grireland (talk • contribs) 12:47, 12 June 2012 (UTC)

Notability
This article doesn't prove that it meets notability standards. It is in need cited content from reliable sources, otherwise it will be a candidate for deletion. --AbsolutDan (talk) 13:10, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

 * It's probably the best known ASP.NET content management system/application framework available, if not the best known open source project for the .net framework. A Google search for "DotNetNuke" returns four million results for instance, so some suitable references shouldn't be too hard to find. Jammycakes 18:45, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't have time to research this myself, but DNN is in very widespread use for ASP.NET-based sites. Many large hosting companies, including GoDaddy, offer this software as a free option (they'll do the initial setup for the customer). I don't know the number of sites that use DNN, but I think it could easily be put into the thousands, maybe even tens of thousands. It's definitely enough to be notable by Wikipedia standards. I wish I had time to do the research on this myself. Realkyhick 00:47, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I think that http://www.snowcovered.com should be included as an external link as it is the largest online retailer for DotNetNuke skins and modules on the internet. All developers and designers that create modules and skins for DNN seem to sell them on this site, which seems to have been around since DNN 2.0 was released (??). —The preceding unsigned comment was added by SuperRobot5000 (talk • contribs) 19:14, 13 November 2006  (UTC)
 * We already have a directory link - why not have your link added to that directory instead? --AbsolutDan (talk) 16:11, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

Future of DotNetNuke
User:Elkhiyarih added a paragraph to the criticisms section that seems to be both inaccurate and biased. Microsoft hasn't removed the DotNetNuke forums altogether -- there is still a link to them although they are now hosted on the DNN website. I presume the reason for this is that the DNN community is becoming so large that it allows much more in-depth and detailed coverage of the framework. The paragraph also seems to have a fairly strong anti-Microsoft bias. Oh, and it doesn't cite its sources. — jammycakes 23:46, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

Skins and Containers
This section never describes what a container is. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.46.200.226 (talk) 00:01, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

Heavy edits on 2009-10-15 - Please check
I noticed that the article has been heavily edited on 2009-10-15 (by user 'audiohifi'). Even though I'm new to DotNetNuke (and relatively new as a Wikipedia contributor), I have my doubts and I wonder if anyone has noticed it. Entire sections have been deleted and/or rewritten, and I think the new text is not as good as it should be. Some points I noticed: (a) the history section has been deleted; (b) a youtube video is promoted as if it were important (including giving two names as the authors), while it's more like a parody on a commercial (see "A narrative video overview...").

Before I discovered the above I had already done some minor edits, which apply only to the new text so they can be discarded if the above edits are reverted.

Jacosi (talk) 11:31, 22 October 2009 (UTC)

External Links: NPOV
Is it really necessary to have twitter/facebook/etc. links? I think these should be deleted since they make the article as a whole feel like a free advertisement for the platform. Vagrant Bias (talk) 04:38, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

Major re-write
I'm not trying to spam the discussion page, but this article needs some love. I'd like to go ahead and begin rewriting and reorganizing it with reputable third-party references. Vagrant Bias (talk) 21:44, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on DotNetNuke. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100618231626/http://www.cmswire.com/downloads/cms-market-share/ to http://www.cmswire.com/downloads/cms-market-share/

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Title typo
The title is DDN, but the article refers to DNN. Suggest move for rename. Requires changes to disambiguation pages for both DDN and DNN. Drummist180 (talk) 03:46, 3 May 2018 (UTC)

--

Done!

Kvwiki1234 (talk) 02:18, 11 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:DNN (software)


text:
Alexei Vasiliev (ice hockey, born 1977)

Alexei Sergeyevich Vasiliev (Васильев, Алексей Сергеевич; born September 1, 1977) is a Russian former ice hockey defenseman. He played in one National Hockey League game for the New York Rangers during the 1999–00 NHL season, going scoreless and receiving two penalty minutes in a contest against the Montreal Canadiens.

Vasiliev also spent 12 seasons playing for Lokomotiv Yaroslavl in the Russian Superleague and KHL. His contract was not renewed for the 2011–12 KHL season, which saved his life as he was not in the 2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash that killed the majority of the team.

title: Alexei Vasiliev (ice hockey, born 1977)


text:
Sidney Veysey

Sidney G. "Sid" Veysey (born July 30, 1955) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre who played one game in the National Hockey League, with the Vancouver Canucks on October 14, 1977. The rest of his professional career was spent in the minor leagues, mainly in the Central Hockey League. Selected by the Canucks in the 1975 NHL Amateur Draft, Veysey made his professional debut that year and played hockey until retiring in 1983. He later became a scout for the Saint John Sea Dogs of the major junior Quebec Major Junior Hockey League

Playing career
Veysey was selected 182nd overall in the 1975 NHL Amateur Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. Despite being an 11th-round pick, he would have a strong start to his pro career, being named the IHL Rookie of the Year in 1976, scoring 87 points for the Fort Wayne Komets. The following season, he led the Tulsa Oilers, Vancouver's top minor-pro affiliate in scoring with 80 points. He made his NHL debut on October 14, 1977, but after playing just one game was returned to Tulsa.

After returning to the minors and suffering through a disappointing season in Tulsa which was ruined by shoulder problems, Veysey retired from professional hockey to return to school at the University of New Brunswick, although he continued to play amateur hockey for the school. Following the completion of his degree, he made a brief comeback to pro hockey, suiting up for 17 games in the AHL in 1981–82 before retiring.

Post-playing career
Veysey is now a regional scout for the Saint John Sea Dogs of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League.

title: Sidney Veysey


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Porcelain militia

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. --Ryan Delaney talk 02:37, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Porcelain militia
Band vanity. This band doesn't meet any of the WP:MUSIC criteria JoanneB 11:58, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletions.    -- Cyberjunkie | Talk 13:34, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * delete as bandity. No WP:MUSIC, no AMG. — brighterorange (talk) 15:51, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN --Rogerd 19:18, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NN band vanity. Cnwb 00:04, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ambi 05:03, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete--Cyberjunkie | Talk 13:34, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete--DarbyAsh 08:53, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Template:User lives in Nottinghamshire

title: Template:User lives in Nottinghamshire


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Stages (book)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Deleted. Was speedied. Wikibofh 17:28, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Stages (book)
Contains only (copyvio?) image of front cover Flapdragon 12:02, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as article has no context. tagged. --GraemeL (talk) 12:39, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, no content, and very likely copyvio. Eaglizard 12:53, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Philip Harris Ltd.

Philip Harris Ltd was a British laboratory supply company (part of Philip Harris plc) which became a major supplier of equipment for school science. The brand name is now owned by Findel plc.

The company was originally based in Digbeth, Birmingham, and was started by Thomas Ellis, a surgeon, in 1817. At the time, Philip Harris would have been only 15 or 16 years old; he joined Ellis in 1825.

The company traded as a wholesale Chemical Laboratory Company, occupying a site in the Bull Ring until 1889 (when according to their Catalogue of chemical and physical apparatus and chemicals, dated 1889, silver nitrate was selling for 9 shillings per ounce). They moved to 144–146 Edmund Street at some time around the turn of the 20th century.

Philip Harris started as a manufacturer of chemists' and surgical products, adding medicines in 1866. In the 1960s and 1970s, biological and manufacturing units were established at Weston-super-Mare. The main office was latterly at Shenstone near Lichfield. The biological unit, 'Harris Biological Supplies Ltd', traded as South Yorkshire Biological Supplies Ltd until its acquisition by Philip Harris; around October 1965 it was moved from Arundel Street, Sheffield, to Weston-super-Mare.

In the mid-1960s, the company played an important role in developing and supplying equipment for the new Nuffield science courses in England and Wales. This innovation continued into the 1980s and 1990s with the development of some of the earliest scientific data-loggers to appear anywhere outside academic research laboratories.

title: Philip Harris Ltd.


text:
Caserta

Caserta is the capital of the province of Caserta in the Campania region of Italy. An important agricultural, commercial, and industrial comune and city, Caserta is located 36 kilometers north of Naples on the edge of the Campanian plain at the foot of the Campanian Subapennine mountain range. The city is best known for the 18th-century Bourbon Royal Palace of Caserta.

History
Anciently inhabited by Osco-Samnite tribes, modern Caserta was established around the defensive tower built in Lombard times by Pando, Prince of Capua. Pando destroyed the original city around 863. The tower is now part of the Palazzo della Prefettura that was once the seat of the counts of Caserta, as well as a royal residence. The original population moved from Casertavecchia (former bishopric seat) to the current site in the sixteenth century. Casertavecchia was built on the Roman town of Casa Irta, meaning "home village located above" and later contracted as "Caserta".

The city and vicinity were the property of the Acquaviva family who, being pressed by huge debts, sold all the land to the royal family. The royal family then selected Caserta for the construction of their new palace which, being inland, was seen as more defensible than the previous palace fronting the Bay of Naples.

At the end of World War II, the royal palace served as the seat of the Supreme Allied Commander. The first Allied war trial took place there in 1945; German general Anton Dostler was sentenced to death and executed nearby, in Aversa.

Pope Francis visited Caserta on Monday, 28 June 2014, together with a friend named Giovanni Traettino, the pastor of an evangelical, charismatic-Pentecostal Protestant church. The Pope apologized for the complicity of some Catholics in the persecution of Protestant Pentecostals during the fascist regime in Italy.

Geography
Caserta is located 40 km north of Naples. Its municipality borders with Capua, Casagiove, Casapulla, Castel Morrone, Curti, Limatola (BN), Maddaloni, Marcianise, Recale, San Felice a Cancello, San Marco Evangelista, San Nicola la Strada, San Prisco, Sant'Agata de' Goti (BN), Santa Maria Capua Vetere, and Valle di Maddaloni.

Frazioni

 * Casertavecchia - the ancient centre of the comune and former bishopric seat
 * San Leucio resort - seat of famous Royal silk workshops, also is included in the World Heritage List
 * Vaccheria - which housed the stable of the Royal cattle
 * Falciano - a former bishop seat that includes a sixteenth-century palace
 * Piedimonte di Casolla - has an ancient Benedictine abbey, built over a Roman temple dedicated to the goddess Diana
 * Other "Frazioni": Aldifreda, Briano, Casola, Casolla, Centurano, Ercole, Garzano, Mezzano, Pozzovetere, Puccianiello, Sala di Caserta, San Benedetto, San Clemente, Santa Barbara, Staturano, Tredici, Tuoro

Climate
The city of Caserta is located in the largest flat area of Campania and is surrounded by the Apennine mountains. The particular position favors the beneficial influences of the sea which, especially in winter, makes temperatures mild. During the summer season, this area is one of the hottest in the region, with maximum temperatures sometimes exceeding 30 degrees. The inland areas extend to the surrounding mountains, often affected by the cold currents of the north-east with fairly low temperatures and snow in winter. The Matese is the coldest and snowiest in the whole area.

Honours
The city of Caserta distinguished itself during the Second World War; in fact, it was decorated with the gold medal for civil valor and the bronze medal for military valor for the heroic actions and losses suffered during the war. The city was fiercely bombed and suffered a violent reprisal, but it managed to resist and, with the return of peace, all the people collaborated in the reconstruction of Caserta.

Government
Carlo Marino, mayor of Caserta, was elected mayor of Caserta in June 2016 with 62.74%.

Main sights

 * Caserta's main attraction is its Palace of Caserta (listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site). The royal palace ("Reggia") was designed in the eighteenth century by the Italian architect Luigi Vanvitelli, recalling Versailles, as a residence for the Bourbon kings of Naples and Sicily.

As one of the most visited monuments in Italy, the palace has more than 1200 rooms, decorated in various styles. It has been the set for several famous movies such as Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones, Angels & Demons, and Mission: Impossible III. The park is 2 mi long and contains many waterfalls, lakes, and gardens, including a very famous English garden.
 * Palazzo Vecchio ("Old Palace"), a construction of the fourteenth century renovated by Luigi Vanvitelli as provisional residence for the royal court
 * The cathedral (1800s)
 * The Aqueduct of Vanvitelli (eighteenth century)

Piazzas

 * Piazza Matteotti is one of oldest squares in the city, it is called "Piazza Mercato" (Market Square) by Casertani, because there is the daily market in a building inaugurated in 2008.
 * Piazza Vanvitelli is the main square in the city. The square once included Palazzo Castropignano, but this was subsequently replaced by a modern palace in the early 1960s. The seat of the municipality of Caserta, Palazzo Acquaviva lies within Piazza Vanvitelli as well as the offices of Questura and Prefettura of the Province of Caserta and various banks, shops, hotels, and bars. At the center of the square there is a statue of Luigi Vanvitelli, the architect who designed the Royal Palace of Caserta.

Sports
The city has some experience in hosting major international sports events, such as the EuroBasket 1969.

It is home to JuveCaserta Basket, Italy's 1991 basketball champion.

Transport
Caserta railway station is a hub for regional and national traffic, and represents an important interchange linking Rome and Naples to Bari. The nearest airport is Naples-Capodichino, located approximately 30 km south.

Caserta is the starting point of the A30 motorway to Salerno and is served by two exits of A1 motorway: Caserta Nord (Caserta North, near Casagiove and Casapulla) and Caserta Sud (Caserta South, near Marcianise and San Marco Evangelista).

Twin towns — sister cities
Caserta is twinned with:
 * 🇷🇴 Pitești, Romania
 * Aley, Lebanon

Notable people

 * Maria Valtorta, Italian writer
 * Toni Servillo, Italian actor
 * Giulio Douhet, air power theorist
 * English cricketer Hedley Verity is buried there, having died in a Caserta hospital on 31 July 1943 of wounds sustained in the World War II during the Allied invasion of Sicily.
 * Fictional character Jennifer Melfi of The Sopranos said her family was from Caserta.
 * Yenni Apperti, Planetary Fellow of Raggio dell'Raggio Planetary Centre and "orthopedist"

title: Caserta


text: User talk:199.33.64.71

title: User talk:199.33.64.71


text:
Torbolton Township

Torbolton is a geographic township and former municipality that was originally part of Carleton County in eastern Ontario, Canada.

Torbolton is located in the north-western part of the county, bordered to the southwest by Fitzroy Township, to the southeast by March Township and to the north by the Ottawa River. It includes the communities of Baskin's Beach, Buckham's Bay, Constance Bay, Dirleton, Kilmaurs, MacLarens, and Woodlawn.

The township was established in 1821. Although white pine was harvested from the forests of this area from the beginning of the 19th century, the first permanent settler is believed to have been David MacLaren in the 1820s. In 1974, the township was amalgamated with Huntley and Fitzroy to form West Carleton. In 2001, West Carleton became part of the new city of Ottawa.

Torbolton took its name from the village of Tarbolton in Ayrshire, Scotland. Lord Torbolton was one of the titles of Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond, who was Governor General of British North America from 1818 to 1819.

According to the Canada 2016 Census, the Township had a population of 6,974. As of the Canada 2021 Census, this had increased to 7,000.

Reeves

 * 1850 David MacLaren
 * 1852 James Grierson
 * 1856 John Buckham
 * 1865 J. Hedley
 * 1866 John Smith
 * 1878 James Mills
 * 1880 James Grierson
 * 1887 James Mills
 * 1890 James Grierson
 * 1891 W. Newham
 * 1892 C. Buckham
 * 1897 n/a
 * 1907 W.J. Armitage
 * 1917 Isaac Davis
 * 1918 W.J. Armitage
 * 1919 Isaac Davis
 * 1921 John T. Armitage
 * 1938 Thomas A. Dolan
 * 1963 R.C. Thomas
 * 1968 Thomas A. Dolan

title: Torbolton Township


text:
Liebeswalzer (album)

Liebeswalzer is the fourth album by the East German rock group Silly. It was released in 1985.

Liebeswalzer was originally recorded as Zwischen unbefahr'nen Gleisen (literally translated as Between Untraveled Tracks), but the album — pressed, printed, and ready for release — was ordered to be destroyed by East German officials for unapproved lyrics. Released in its place was the album Liebeswalzer (Waltz of Love), containing the approved tracks from Zwischen unbefahr'nen Gleisen and different versions of the offending songs: Tausend Augen (Thousand Eyes), the title track Zwischen unbefahr'nen Gleisen, and Nur ein Lied (Only a Song) were re-recorded with new lyrics and arrangements and renamed Psycho, Berliner Frühling (Berlin Spring), and Großer Träumer (Big Dreamer), respectively.

In 1990 — as East Germany was in its dying days — Liebeswalzer was re-released with the original songs included.

Track listings
Liebeswalzer (1985)
 * 1) Psycho
 * 2) Berliner Frühling (Berlin Spring)
 * 3) Die Ferne (The Distance or Far Away)
 * 4) Die alten Männer (The Old Men)
 * 5) Am Sonntag (On Sundays)
 * 6) Liebeswalzer (für H.F.) (Waltz of Love (dedicated to H.F.))
 * 7) Nester der Nacht (Nests of the Night)
 * 8) So 'ne kleine Frau (Such a Little Woman)
 * 9) Großer Träumer (Big Dreamer)

Liebeswalzer (1990 re-release)

Tracks 10 - 12 taken from the unreleased original album Zwischen unbefahr'nen Gleisen and never released before.
 * 1) Psycho
 * 2) Berliner Frühling
 * 3) Die Ferne
 * 4) Die alten Männer
 * 5) Am Sonntag
 * 6) Liebeswalzer (für H.F.)
 * 7) Nester der Nacht
 * 8) So 'ne kleine Frau
 * 9) Großer Träumer
 * 10) Tausend Augen (Thousand Eyes)
 * 11) Zwischen unbefahr'nen Gleisen (Between Untraveled Tracks)
 * 12) Nur ein Lied (Only a Song)

The album was finally released under its original title, with all the tracks of the 1990 version, on compact disc in 1994.

title: Liebeswalzer (album)


text:
Nagesh Kukunoor

Nagesh Kukunoor (born 30 March 1967) is an Indian film director, producer, screenwriter and actor known for his works predominantly in Hindi cinema, and few Telugu films. He is known for his works in parallel cinema, such as Hyderabad Blues (1998), Rockford (1999), Iqbal (2005), Dor (2006), Aashayein (2010), Lakshmi (2014), and Dhanak (2016). Kukunoor has received seven International Awards, and two National Film Awards for his works.

In 2003, he directed 3 Deewarein, which was showcased among the Indian panorama section, at the 2003 International Film Festival of India. The film was also premiered at the Kolkata Film Festival. After having been screened at the Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles, where it was well received, the film was screened at the Commonwealth Festival at Manchester. It was nominated as one of the top five films, at the gala presentation. Nagesh Kukunoor has also received the Filmfare Award for Best Story.

In 2006, he garnered the National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues, for directing Iqbal. In 2014, he received the Mercedes Benz Audience Award, for Best Narrative at the Palm Springs International Film Festival for Lakshmi. In 2015 he directed the road movie, Dhanak, which won the Crystal Bear Grand Prix for Best Children's Film, and Special Mention for the Best Feature Film by The Children's Jury for Generation Kplus at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival. The film has also garnered the Best Film Award in the main category-Children's Feature Film Competition-Cinema in Sneakers (film festival), and the Best Film Award – at the Montreal International Children's Film Festival (FIFEM). The film has garnered the National Film Award for Best Children's Film for 2016.

Early life
Nagesh Kukunoor was born in Hyderabad to Kusuma and Sudarshan. Kukunoor's mother tongue is Telugu, and as a child he loved watching Telugu, Hindi, and English films in the theatres of his neighbourhood, Narayanguda. He studied at Montfort School, Yercaud. Nagesh Kukunoor attended Osmania University in Hyderabad, India and received his bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering. He moved to Atlanta, Georgia in the United States in 1988, and completed his master's degree in Environmental Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology. After graduating from Georgia Tech, he went to work as an Environmental Consultant at Trinity Consultants in Texas, then in Atlanta, during which he attended workshops in film. He studied Acting & direction at the Warehouse Actor's Theater in Atlanta.

Film career
He invested the money he made from his engineering career in USA in producing the 1998 movie Hyderabad Blues. It is based on a script that he wrote in Atlanta dealing with Indians returning home from the United States of America. He directed and acted in the movie. It had a budget of Rs. 1.7 million (roughly equivalent to US$40,000) and was shot in 17 days. It was perceived by Sanjay Arora, an independent film maker, to be realistic and one of the first movies to use Hyderabadi Urdu correctly. It became the most successful independent film in India. The film was featured at Peachtree International Film Festival in Atlanta and Rhode Island International Film Festival.

Later features
3 Deewarein (2003) was premiered at the Kolkata Film Festival. In contrast to his earlier work, it had a budget of inr 21000000 and featured established actors including Naseeruddin Shah, Juhi Chawla and Jackie Shroff.

In 2006, Nagesh Kukunoor wrote and directed Dor, a drama film featuring Ayesha Takia, Gul Panag and Shreyas Talpade as the lead actors. Nagesh also acted in the film, playing businessman Chopra. The film is about two women who come from different backgrounds and how fate brings them together. Meera (Ayesha Takia), a young woman who becomes a widow shortly after marriage, is trapped by tradition. Zeenat (Gul Panag), on the other hand, faces the daunting task of saving the life of her husband, who is on trial for murder. A bahuroopiya (Shreyas Talpade) helps her reach Meera, who holds the "string" to Zeenat's hope. The companionship that develops between Meera and Zeenat results in redemption for both. The film was well received by both the critics and film buffs.

It was, however, his film Iqbal featuring Shreyas Talpade and Naseeruddin Shah, which won him a lot of critical acclaim and recognition for the simple yet heart rending script by Nagesh and the acting by all actors.

His next film 8 x 10 Tasveer, an action-thriller featuring Akshay Kumar in the lead role fared poorly at the box office but was considered to be Nagesh's most self-reflective work to date. "I like to cast characters who are close to me. And this one gets as close to me as possible. I was once an environmental consultant. Akshay plays the part of an environment protection officer," Kukunoor said in an April 2009 interview.

In 2015, at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival, his feature Dhanak won The Grand Prix of the Generation Kplus International Jury for the best feature-length film, and received a Special Mention by Children's Jury in Generation Kplus Section.

Awards

 * National Film Awards
 * Best Film on Other Social Issues – Iqbal – 2006
 * Best Children's Film – Dhanak – 2016

 * International Awards
 * Audience Award for best film at the Peachtree International Film Festival in Atlanta, Georgia – Hyderabad Blues – 1999
 * Audience Award for best film at the Rhode Island International Film Festival – Hyderabad Blues – 1999
 * Best Film – Mercedes Benz Audience Award, for Best Narrative at the Palm Springs International Film Festival – Lakshmi – 2014
 * Dhanak (2015)
 * The Grand Prix, for the best feature-length film – at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival
 * Special Mention for the Best Feature Film by The Children's Jury for Generation Kplus at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival
 * Best Film Award in the main category-Children's Feature Film Competition-Cinema in Sneakers (film festival)
 * Best Film Award – at the Montreal International Children's Film Festival (FIFEM)

 * Filmfare Awards
 * Filmfare Award for Best Story – 3 Deewarein – 2004

 * Other Awards
 * Teacher's Achievement Award for Creative and Performing Arts – 2002

title: Nagesh Kukunoor


text:
Forty Martyrs

Forty Martyrs may refer to:

 * Forty Martyrs of England and Wales, a group of Catholics martyred between 1535 and 1679
 * Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, Roman soldiers martyred c. 320 in Roman Armenia
 * Forty Martyrs of Brazil a.k.a. Forty Martyrs of Tazacorte, a group of Jesuits en route to Brazil martyred in 1570 by Huguenot privateers

title: Forty Martyrs


text:
User talk:Pataniraya

Patani and Pattani
Patani is the name of a region in southern Thailand formerly known as the Malay Kingdom of Patani or Patani Raya (Greater Patani). The language used in the region called Patani Malay. After 1902, the Thai government devided the region to Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat, a part of Songkhla and Satun.

The language used in the region is "Patani Malay" (not "Pattani Malay" nor "Yawi"). Yawi is a misspronounciation of the word "Jawi" (Thai has no J).

Pattani is the name of a province in Patani Raya under the Thai administration.

However, many do not know the distinguish between the two words. --
 * are you sure you are not simply pushing your POV and Malaynized the word Pattani? Anyway, edits causing bad links.__earth 08:44, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

--

Malaynized the word Patani? No, No, No...

The word has been used in European languages hundreds of years before the word Pattani. You see that I do not edit the word Pattani if it means the present Pattani province. Please use google.com to search the word Patani and Pattani and compare. Here are some examples:

Patani United Liberation Organisation, a famous separatist movement

Patani Malay Human Rights Organisation at www.phmro.org

Hikayat Patani (the story of Patani) by D.K. Wyatt.

Hikayat Patani Manuscript at http://www.anu.edu.au/asianstudies/proudfoot/MCP/N/PAT_bib.html

History of the Malay Kingdom of Patani by Ibrahim Syukri.

Thank you for your question. -

Pattani
Why are you changing Pattani into Patani? __earth 05:54, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

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As you are from Thailand, the Thailand-related topics notice board is probably of interest for you. There are some other active users (mostly farang) who edit Thai topics, and for coordination that page is a good central meeting point.

As I just stumbled on your new short article Selindung Bayu - it may be better to make it a redirect to Saiburi, and then write about the Malay name in that article, together with information on the district etc. andy 07:52, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pataniraya


text:
Clyde Cameron

Clyde Robert Cameron, (11 February 1913 – 14 March 2008) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and served in the House of Representatives from 1949 to 1980, representing the Division of Hindmarsh. He was a leading figure in the Australian labour movement and held ministerial office in the Whitlam government as Minister for Labour (1972–1974), Labor and Immigration (1974–1975), and Science and Consumer Affairs (1975).

Early life
Cameron was born in Murray Bridge, South Australia, the son of a shearer of Scottish descent. He was educated at Gawler but left school at 14 to work as a shearer. During the very worst years of the Great Depression, he was unemployed, and the experience of joblessness was one that he never forgot or forgave. When he finally got work, later in the 1930s, he ended up having to travel to every Australian state and also to New Zealand. He was active in the Australian Workers' Union and the Australian Labor Party from an early age, becoming an AWU organiser and then South Australian State President and a federal vice-president of the union in 1941. From 1943 to 1948, he was the union's industrial advocate and taught himself industrial law. In 1946, he became State President of the Labor Party.

In 1939, Cameron married Ruby Krahe (always called "Cherie") with whom he had three children (twins Warren and Tania, and a second son Noel). In 1949, he suffered a personal crisis when all three children were affected by poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis). He also learned that his youngest son had an intellectual disability. Although they all eventually recovered from polio, the ordeal permanently affected Cameron and contributed to the breakup of his marriage. In 1966, the Camerons were divorced and in 1967, he remarried, now to Dorothy Bradbury.

He was the uncle of Terry Cameron.

Early political career
Cameron was the most powerful figure in the South Australian labour movement in the years immediately after World War II. At the 1949 election, he was elected to the House of Representatives for the safe Labor seat of Hindmarsh and left his brother Don (later a senator) in charge of the South Australian AWU. He rapidly made his mark as one of the most aggressive and uncompromising Labor members ever to enter the Australian Parliament. Cameron regarded the conservatives with a deep and personal hatred and made no secret of it. He rapidly emerged as one of the leaders of the left wing of the Caucus, led at that time by Eddie Ward, who became Cameron's mentor. Nonetheless, he was an intelligent and able parliamentarian.

It was the tragedy of Labor politicians of Cameron's generation that Labor spent almost a quarter of a century in Opposition, from 1949 to 1972, with the result that Cameron, like many others, spent his best years out of office. During the Labor Split of the 1950s, Cameron became a leading supporter of federal Labor Leader Dr H.V. Evatt and an opponent of the right-wing Catholic faction. He was among those who insisted for all the "Groupers" to be expelled from the party. He also conducted a long feud with the right-wing (but anti-Grouper) federal leadership of the AWU led by Tom Dougherty, one of a long list of people whom Cameron detested.

By the 1960s, Cameron realised Labor would never win a federal election again unless it could find both a leader and a set of policies acceptable to an increasingly middle-class electorate. Ward's death in 1963 marked the end of the old Depression-era leftism in the federal Caucus. The younger leftist leaders such as Cameron, Jim Cairns and Tom Uren were sober enough to adapt to the changed circumstances. Cameron became increasingly critical of Arthur Calwell's leadership but supported Calwell in his passionately opposing the Vietnam War.

Calwell retired in 1967 and was succeeded by Gough Whitlam. Although he disagreed with Whitlam on many issues, after 1968, Cameron became a supporter of Whitlam's leadership. In 1969, Whitlam made Cameron Shadow Minister for Employment. Cameron's decisive influence helped Whitlam gain control of the Federal Executive. In 1970 he supported Whitlam's intervention in the Labor Party’s Victorian branch which was controlled by the extreme left.

Cabinet minister
At the December 1972 election Labor came to office under Whitlam, and Cameron became Minister for Labour at the age of 59. He created a sensation by dismissing the permanent head of his department, Sir Halford Cook and bringing in an outsider; he was always deeply suspicious of senior public servants. However, he greatly improved the pay and conditions of other public servants by using the public sector to set new benchmarks, which he hoped would be extended to the private sector. Revealing himself to be an unsuspected feminist, he hired Mary Gaudron (later the first woman on the High Court bench) to argue before the Arbitration Commission for equal pay for women workers. His senior advisor was John Bannon, later Premier of South Australia. Following Al Grassby's defeat at the 1974 election, Cameron became Minister for Labour and Immigration.

The unions had high hopes that Cameron would bring greatly improved benefits for industrial workers. Unfortunately for Cameron, the Australian economy began to deteriorate rapidly in 1974, as a result of the inflation caused by the oil shock, and the government came under increasing pressure to hold back wage increases, which were seen by orthodox economists to be fuelling inflation. Cameron resisted that pressure, and his relations with Whitlam deteriorated. At the same time, he became increasingly critical of the more irresponsible union leaders, who, he believed, blindly pursued wage rises without regard to the state of the economy or to the incomes policy of their own Labor government. Still, in the twelve months from September 1973, Cameron claimed to have presided over "the greatest redistribution in the favour of wage earners ever to be recorded in any one year by any country in the world."

By 1975 the Whitlam government was in crisis and Whitlam reshuffled the cabinet by bringing in Bill Hayden as Treasurer and Jim McClelland as Minister for Labour and Immigration. Cameron refused to resign as Labour and Immigration Minister, and Whitlam was forced to ask the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr, to withdraw his commission. He was eventually persuaded to accept the position of Minister for Science and Consumer Affairs.

Cameron thus became once again Whitlam's implacable enemy, but with the dismissal of Whitlam's government in November, there was little he could do. He withdrew to the backbench, where he remained for the next five years until he retired from Parliament, after the 1980 election.

After politics
Cameron was involved in the Georgist movement and wrote for the Georgist Education Association.

In the 1982 Australia Day Honours, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia.

Clyde Cameron College was run by the Australian Trade Union Training Authority from 1977 until its abolition in 1996.

Well into his last years, he remained a frequent contributor to public debate, uttering various remarks showing a surprisingly respectful attitude towards his contemporary and former antagonist B. A. Santamaria. The two men never met, but when Santamaria died in 1998, Cameron (as reported by the Santamaria-founded magazine News Weekly) paid him a warm tribute by saying that "his soul was not for sale." Inspired by his marathon interview with Ashforth, Cameron contacted Santamaria and the two sat for dozens of hours of taped discussions. Cameron went on to interview other colleagues and rivals, adding to the extraordinary archive for which he will ultimately be best remembered.

He was awarded the Centenary Medal in 2001.

Cameron died at his home on Sunlake Place in Tennyson, South Australia, at age 95. He was survived by three children, six grandchildren, 11 great-grandchildren and one great-great-grandchild.

title: Clyde Cameron


text:
Mauricio Ramos (Bolivian footballer)

Juan Mauricio Ramos Méndez (born 23 September 1969, in Santa Cruz de la Sierra) is a retired Bolivian football midfielder. He played 35 international matches and scored 1 goal for the Bolivia national team, including an appearance in the 1994 FIFA World Cup.

Club career
Nicknamed "Tapera", Ramos initiated his career in 1988, playing for Bolivian club Destroyers, alongside future stars Marco Etcheverry and Erwin Sánchez as teammates. They quickly established themselves as the "Golden Trio" because of their impressive ability and the perfect blend they created on the field. In 1994, Ramos transferred to club Guabirá, where he excelled and became the best player in the league. In 1995, he went abroad and signed for Brazilian team Cruzeiro. While playing in Brazil, Ramos suffered a serious knee injury that kept him away from the sport for nearly 14 months. After his recovery in 1997, he returned to first division football in great shape with club The Strongest before joining the Major League Soccer, where he played for the Tampa Bay Mutiny (1998–99) and the New England Revolution (2000). After leaving the MLS, he played for Bolivian teams Oriente Petrolero, Unión Central and Club San José, where his career came to an end in 2003.

International career
Between 1987 and 1999, Ramos earned a total of 35 caps in the Bolivia national team. He scored his only goal with Bolivia on July 14, 1995, during a 2–2 draw against Chile in the 1995 Copa América hosted by Uruguay.

International goals

 * - style="background: #DFE7FF"
 * 1. || July 14, 1995 || Estadio Parque Artigas, Paysandú, Uruguay || || 2–2 || 2–2 || 1995 Copa América
 * }

Honors
Individual

 * MLS All-Star, 1998

title: Mauricio Ramos (Bolivian footballer)


text:
Gala Bingo

Gala Bingo is an online bingo and casino offering under the ownership of Entain.

Gala Bingo was created in 1991 as a division of Bass plc. It later became an independent company, and then became the Gala Coral Group after acquiring Coral Eurobet in 2005. After the sale of its 126 clubs in 2015 to Caledonia Investments (who rebranded them as Buzz Bingo in September 2018 ), Gala Coral retained the online Gala services and was later acquired by Ladbrokes (which was later acquired by GVC Holdings).

History
The chain began as bingo clubs operated by Bass Leisure, a division of Bass plc. As of 1983, Bass had 22 clubs operating under the Coral brand, and another 24 located in its Pontins holiday camps. That year, Bass purchased a chain of 80 bingo clubs from Thorn EMI for £18.2 million. By 1988, Bass was down to 72 locations, but added another 30 by purchasing Zetters Leisure for £23 million.

In May 1991, Bass purchased Granada plc's chain of 74 bingo clubs for £147 million. Combined with Bass's 91 clubs, the chain was tied with the Rank Organisation for the largest bingo operator in Britain. A united brand for the combined operation, "Gala", was chosen by John Murphy of Interbrand as a simple word incorporating letters from "Granada" and "Coral". Gala was officially launched on 17 October 1991 when 17 clubs re-branded and launched a new image.

In 1997 a management buy-in purchased all 130 Gala Bingo Clubs from Bass for £235 million.

Over the next few years, Gala began acquiring other bingo clubs to increase their portfolio, including 17 clubs from Ritz in July 1998 and 10 clubs from Jarglen in March 2000. In April 2000, they added 27 Riva Bingo Clubs from First Leisure for £90 million. Gala diversified outside bingo for the first time when it purchased 26 Ladbroke Casinos for £235 million from the Hilton Group in December 2000. In 2001 it added the Jamba Online business for £1.5m.

The owners sold the whole business for £1.24 billion in February 2003 to the private equity firms Candover and Cinven. Permira bought a stake in the company in August 2005, which valued the business at £1.89 billion.

In October 2005, Gala acquired Coral Eurobet for £2.18 billion and changed its name to Gala Coral Group, creating the United Kingdom's third largest bookmaker and largest bingo operator.

The group added another 10 bingo clubs in 2006 when it purchased the County Clubs in Scotland for £64 million. The company spent another £14.5 million in February 2006, when it bought the Leo Casino in Liverpool from Dolby Management Ltd increasing the number of casinos in the estate to 31 (at the time).

Gala Coral won 403 betting licences in Italy in an open market tender in December 2006, under its Eurobet brand. The group formally established an international division in 2007. The group also set up a joint venture to attempt to launch bingo shops in China.

In 2011, a decision was made to move substantial parts of the business to Gibraltar, including almost all of the remote gaming division. The group, through acquisitions and new developments had over 30 casinos and 1,800 licensed betting offices.

Gala's total clubs peaked at around 174, but since 2007 and the introduction of smoking bans in Great Britain, this total declined to around 140. In their year end accounts of 2012, the company reported employment of 4,801 staff in their bingo clubs, along with 10,849 in 1,600 Coral shops, 2,776 in 25 casinos, 276 in remote gambling and 98 in Italy where it had over 400 betting outlets, plus a further 374 in support staff functions.

In July 2015, Gala Coral agreed to be acquired by its slightly larger rival Ladbrokes. The 130 Gala Bingo clubs were not part of the merger, and were sold to Caledonia Investments for £241 million in December 2015. The merger was completed on 1 November 2016, and Ladbrokes became Ladbrokes Coral.

Operations
As of 2008, Gala Bingo operated 137 clubs throughout the United Kingdom, with approximately a 24% share of all clubs and nearly 40% of National Bingo Game ticket sales up until the operator's withdrawal from the National Game in Summer 2008. Gala has around five million bingo members, of which approximately 1.2 million are active players. Gala Bingo has an average of 600,000 admissions per week.

The bingo division began participation in the Nectar loyalty card scheme on 1 June 2007. Nectar points were originally awarded for club admissions, and additionally for slot machine play from 1 September 2007, a first for the bingo industry. Gala Bingo no longer participates in the Nectar loyalty card scheme.

On 31 July 2007, pensioner Pauline Clarke, 62, became Gala's first GBP millionaire, after winning a tie break against another online player.

Gala TV was a satellite TV channel that aired from 2006 to 2011, showing bingo games.

Online services under the Gala brand are operated by GVC Holdings, including an online bingo site, GalaBingo.com, and an online casino, GalaCasino.com.

title: Gala Bingo


text:
Timarchus

Timarchus or Timarch was a Greek noble and a satrap of the Seleucid Empire during the reign of his ally King Antiochus IV Epiphanes. After Antiochus IV's death, he styled himself an independent ruler in his domain in the Persian east of the Empire from around 163–160 BC, and may have even sought to entirely usurp leadership of the entire empire. He gained an alliance with the Roman Republic, which sought to weaken the Seleucid Empire by promoting internal divisions; both Rome and Timarchus distrusted the new king Demetrius I. Demetrius rode east and defeated Timarchus in 160 BC, ending his short reign.

Early years
A Greek nobleman, possibly from Miletus in Asia Minor, Timarchus was a friend of the Seleucid prince Antiochus IV Epiphanes during his time as a hostage to the Roman Republic. He was appointed satrap of Media in western Iran when Antiochus IV Epiphanes became king in 175 BC, and his brother Heracleides became minister of the royal finances. The Persian part of the empire was threatened by the Parthian kingdom, and Timarchus probably spent much of his time reinforcing the defenses. The Seleucid realms probably extended as far as the area of Teheran during this time.

Short reign and defeat
In the turmoil following the death of Antiochus IV during a Persian campaign in 164 BC, Timarchus became the more or less independent ruler of Media, opposing the general Lysias who acted as steward for the infant king Antiochus V Eupator, son of Antiochus IV.

In 162 BC Demetrius I returned from exile and became king. Demetrius's claim to the Seleucid throne was generally considered stronger than the claim of his now dead uncle Antiochus IV and by extension his young son Antiochus V. Demetrius promptly executed Lysias and Antiochus V upon taking power. This may well have been the provocation that caused Timarchus to take the final step to independence and declare himself king.

Timarchus now managed to extend his realm into Babylonia, where records of his reign were inscribed into the astronomical calendars. His forces were however not enough to stand against the rival Seleucid king: Demetrius defeated and killed Timarchus in 160 BC, and the Seleucid empire was temporarily united again.

Legacy
Timarchus was one of the last Hellenistic kings in Iran but little is known of his reign, except the short - and stereotypical - notion by Appian that Timarchus was a tyrant. Appian's brief mention is treated with skepticism by most scholars. On his coins, Timarchus introduced the epithet "Great King" (Basileus Megas) which was the traditional Achaemenid title and may reflect an effort to gather support from the natives in a time when the Seleucid empire lost ground in Iran. He was inspired by the Bactrian king Eucratides the Great, who had taken the same assuming title a few years earlier.

Timarchus was survived and avenged by his brother Heracleides, who eventually became champion of Alexander Balas, a boy who he claimed was a natural son of Antiochus IV. Heracleides convinced the Roman Senate to support the young pretender against Demetrius, who was defeated and killed in 150 BC. The family of Timarchus thus got its revenge for him. The continued in-fighting between rival Seleucid claimants for power is referred to as the Seleucid Dynastic Wars. These civil wars fatally weakened the empire and saw it shrink and crumble over the next decades.

title: Timarchus


text:
Talk:Graphe paranomon

Comments
Written on the run. Please feel free to take out your scalpel.Flounderer 12:12, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Date
The date of the introduction of this type of legal action disagrees with that in Athenian Democracy. Myrvin (talk) 07:16, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Graphe paranomon


text:
Coat of arms of the Czech Republic

The coat of arms of the Czech Republic (Státní znak České republiky) is divided into two principal variants. Greater coat of arms displays the three historical regions—the Czech lands—which make up the nation. Lesser coat of arms displays lone silver double-tailed lion in red shield. The current coats of arms, which was adopted in 1992, was designed by Czech heraldist Jiří Louda.

Background
The arms of Bohemia show a silver double-tailed lion on a red background. This Bohemian Lion makes up the first and the fourth quarters of the greater coat of arms, so it is repeated in the shield. The Moravian red-and-silver chequered eagle is shown on a blue background. Between 1915 and 1918 the Moravian Eagle was chequered in the red-and-gold colors. The arms of Silesia are a black eagle with the so-called "clover stalk" (lat. perisonium) in her breast on a golden background, although only a small south-eastern part of the historical region (Czech Silesia) belongs to the Czech Republic (the main part is now in Poland).

The rulers of Bohemia originally bore for arms a so-called St. Wenceslas flaming eagle. In the 12th century, Emperor Frederick granted new arms to King Vladislaus II consisting of a silver lion on a red field, to symbolise his valor. The lion was at first represented with one tail. Later a second tail was added, for the help provided by the King Přemysl Otakar I fighting the Saxons (Beware - this is just a legend (from Dalimil's chronicle)). During the first half of the 13th century the kings of Bohemia used a coat of arms bearing a black eagle in a silver shield. Red gonfanons had appeared earlier. From 1253 a two-tailed silver lion in a red field had been the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia. This lion was originally a sign of the Moravian margraves.

The oldest surviving full color depiction of the arms of Bohemia appears in the Passional of Abbes Cunegund from the 1310s. The Moravian Eagle was first documented on the seal of Ottokar's uncle, Margrave Přemysl (d. 1239). The Silesian Eagle stems from the ruling dynasty of the Piasts and was first applied by Duke Henry II the Pious (1238–1241). The shields also appeared on the emblems of the Crown of Bohemia established by Emperor Charles IV.

The greater shield was also used as the badge for the Czech national ice hockey team until 2018. The Czech national football team also featured it in their shirts, until being replaced with a newer, more streamlined badge featuring only the Bohemian lion, since the UEFA Euro 2012.

Greater version
The greater coat of arms is blazoned in Czech law as follows:

A shield quartered: first and fourth gules, a lion rampant queue forchée argent armed, langued and crowned Or; second azure, an eagle displayed chequé gules and argent armed, langued and crowned Or; third Or, an eagle displayed sable armed and langued gules crowned of the field and charged on the breast with a crescent terminating in trefoils at each end with issuing from the centrepoint a cross patée argent.

Lesser version
The lesser coat of arms is blazoned in Czech law:

The lesser national coat of arms is a red shield, in it a silver double-tailed lion rampant with golden crown and golden armament.

title: Coat of arms of the Czech Republic


text:
John Harvey

John Harvey may refer to:

Academics

 * John Harvey (astrologer) (1564–1592), English astrologer and physician
 * John Harvey (architectural historian) (1911–1997), British architectural historian, who wrote on English Gothic architecture and architects
 * John Harvey (psychologist) (born 1943), American psychologist
 * John F. Harvey (John Francis Harvey, 1918–2010), Catholic priest and moral theologian, founder of Courage Apostolate
 * John T. Harvey (born 1961), English-born American professor of economics at Texas Christian University

The arts and entertainment

 * John Harvey (actor) (1911–1982), English stage and film actor
 * John Harvey (American actor) (1917–1970), American actor
 * Harvey (announcer) (John Harvey, born 1951), American television and radio personality
 * John Harvey (author) (born 1938), British author of crime fiction
 * John Harvey (filmmaker), Australian producer, director and screenwriter, co-producer of 2017 TV series The Warriors
 * John D. Harvey (born 1968), American horror novelist
 * John David Harvey, creator of the British satirical political character Count Binface

Business

 * John Harvey (ironfounder), partner in Harveys of Hayle, late-18th-century ironfounders, father-in-law of Richard Trevithick
 * John Anthony Harvey (born 1935), British entrepreneur and logistician

Government and politics

 * John Harvey (Virginia governor) (died 1646), 17th-century Crown governor of Virginia
 * John Harvey (Albemarle) (died 1679), Governor of Colonial North Carolina
 * John Harvey (North Carolina politician) (died 1775), 18th-century Speaker of the North Carolina House of Representatives
 * John Harvey (British Army officer) (1778–1852), officer during the War of 1812 and Governor of several Canadian provinces
 * John Harvey (Australian politician) (1823–1893), politician in the early days of South Australia, founder of the town of Salisbury
 * John Musgrave Harvey (1865–1940), Australian judge
 * John Harvey (British politician) (1920–2008), British Conservative MP for Walthamstow East

Military

 * John Harvey (Royal Navy officer, born 1772) (1772–1837), long serving Royal Navy officer
 * John Harvey (Royal Navy officer, born 1740) (1740–1794), long serving naval officer killed at the Glorious First of June
 * John Harvey (RAAF officer) (born 1954), current serving RAAF Air Marshal
 * John C. Harvey Jr. (born 1951), admiral in the United States Navy

Sports

 * John Harvey (racing driver) (1938–2020), winner of the 1983 Bathurst 1000
 * John Harvey (cricketer) (1939–2003), English cricketer
 * John Harvey (rugby league) (born 1955), Australian rugby league player and coach
 * John Harvey (American football) (born 1966), National Football League running back
 * John Harvey (Canadian football) (born 1950), Canadian Football League running back
 * John Harvey (football manager), manager of Heart of Midlothian F.C. 1966–1970
 * John Harvey (footballer, fl. 1890–1900), Scottish footballer (Sunderland AFC)
 * John Harvey (footballer, born 1933), Scottish footballer (Partick Thistle)
 * John Harvey (cyclist) (1884–?), English cyclist

Ships and boats

 * SS John Harvey, a 1942 Second World War Liberty ship
 * John J. Harvey, historic retired New York City fireboat

title: John Harvey


text: User talk:85.210.42.5

title: User talk:85.210.42.5