text:
Talk:Typhoon Gay

Class of article
This has enough info to be a B, but I left it as start because I think the organization is inferior and I'm sure there's more info to be found on the India impact. Jdorje 03:06, 14 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, how about now? íslenska hurikein #12 (samtal) 15:44, 31 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Now the main problem is lack of information. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 17:58, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

I've dropped this to a stub. The infobox states over 1000 casualties of which 69 were in India and 91 further casualties are identified. I would not a few deaths were in an unknown location, but 85% of Gay's deaths are unaccounted for. Where were they and how come that location is not mentioned in the article at all?--Nilfanion (talk) 20:34, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually according to the PDF it were only 39 in India. The ones missing were those in Chumphon (458) as well as about 600 fishermen in the Gulf of Thailand. I have added these into the text. andy 20:54, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

OK, the black and white pictures are pretty, and need replacements. Here is a shot of the storm before its Thailand landfall, though the Indian landfall might be a little hard. Hurricanehink 20:29, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Went back to start class, since over half the deaths are accounted for now, and we have inline references now. Thegreatdr (talk) 00:07, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Intensity
37073 10/31/1989 M=11 76 SNBR=3988 GAY        XING=0 SSS=3 37074 10/31*0000000  0    0*0000000   0    0*0721052   0 1008*0751048   0 1008* 37075 11/01*0731036  24 1007*0761033  24 1006*0771029  26 1006*0791025  28 1005* 37076 11/02*0811023  33 1001*0821020  35  997*0861019  37  995*0891017  43  994* 37077 11/03*0921015  51  990*0981011  60  983*1011008  70  978*1031003  75  975* 37078 11/04*1060998  81  968*1080990  74  978*1120980  61  980*1120976  66  985* 37079 11/05*1140968  72  985*1170959  75  985*1210948  72  990*1240937  69  990* 37080 11/06*1250925  69  990*1300913  72  985*1340901  74  980*1370891  77  975* 37081 11/07*1390881  84  970*1420871  89  965*1450861  93  960*1460850  93  965* 37082 11/08*1460838  93  970*1460826  92  980*1470815  89  985*1480804  87  995* 37083 11/09*1500791  60 1000*1510779  35 1005*1580765  31    0*1660755  22    0* 37084 11/10*1760746  18    0*1810740  13    0*0000000   0    0*0000000   0    0* 37085 HR SRC=jtwc_wp:tokyo:hko  S/N=1989305N07105

I pulled this from IBTrACS. I thought this needs to be fixed as it would be too confusing for readers to say that the 1999 one and Gonu were both stronger than this storm. However, 960 is a great deal higher than 898. These sources aren't New Delhi either, unlike the 1991 Bangladesh cyclone I already changed. Potapych (talk) 15:31, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

IMD
http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Z0_Tc_pKXKEC&oi=fnd&pg=PA417&dq=The+Machilipatnam+Cyclone&ots=UPuCsYT1tL&sig=FYBaLYkvLWoiWDEfuoEEN7Q6ddo#v=onepage&q=The%20Machilipatnam%20Cyclone&f=false Found this journal that uses IMD intensitys.Jason Rees (talk) 23:35, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

Newspaper results

 * Move to Talk:Typhoon Gay (1989)/newspapers - Results will be there from India, Thailand, etc.Jason Rees (talk) 16:55, 16 December 2011 (UTC)

Indian deaths and damage
According to this journal from which i found the IMD intensity - there was 51 deaths and 140 million rupees worth of damage.Jason Rees (talk) 16:57, 16 December 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 6 external links on Typhoon Gay (1989). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120426055441/https://www.gfdrr.org/gfdrr/sites/gfdrr.org/files/1_Introduction.pdf to https://www.gfdrr.org/gfdrr/sites/gfdrr.org/files/1_Introduction.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120425143800/http://www.thaiscience.info/Article%20for%20ThaiScience/Article/6/Ts-6%20tropical%20cyclone%20disasters%20in%20the%20gulf%20of%20thailand.pdf to http://www.thaiscience.info/Article%20for%20ThaiScience/Article/6/Ts-6%20tropical%20cyclone%20disasters%20in%20the%20gulf%20of%20thailand.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120426052009/http://desastres.unanleon.edu.ni/pdf2/2006/abril/parte2/pdf/eng/doc5692/doc5692-contenido.pdf to http://desastres.unanleon.edu.ni/pdf2/2006/abril/parte2/pdf/eng/doc5692/doc5692-contenido.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140925101914/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/static/cyclone-history-bb.htm to http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/static/cyclone-history-bb.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120423115820/http://nellore.ap.nic.in/jccourt/Assignment/E5_3311_2009.doc to http://nellore.ap.nic.in/jccourt/Assignment/E5_3311_2009.doc
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150517005046/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cyclone.htm to http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cyclone.htm

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Requested move 7 January 2019

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: consensus not to move the page to the proposed title at this time, per the discussion below. Dekimasu よ! 23:22, 14 January 2019 (UTC)

Typhoon Gay (1989) → Cyclone Gay (1989) – Having typhoon as part of the name confuses me as the cyclone was mainly known for it's existence in the Bay of Bengal and its impact to India. Plus, the cyclone spent more time in the Bay of Bengal than the Gulf of Thailand. I think Cyclone Gay would be a more appropriate name. The year is optional. - I Need Support - :3 22:28, 7 January 2019 (UTC)
 * I personally disagree with your view as i feel that the system had its greatest impact as a typhoon on Thailand rather than on India as a Cyclone.Jason Rees (talk) 02:38, 8 January 2019 (UTC)

 * Oppose "mainly known for it's existence in the Bay of Bengal and impact to India." – no, the Thai impact was also very significant. Also, convention for basin-crossing storms is that for hurricane-strength systems, the originating basin's (here the western Pacific's) label (here "typhoon") is maintained.--Jasper Deng (talk) 06:39, 8 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose. Impact in Thailand was much, much more significant than in India. (Please read the impact section.) Sources from the article also continue to refer to Gay as a typhoon even when in the Bay of Bengal. ~ KN2731 {t · c} 11:23, 8 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Oppose per WP:COMMONNAME over 20 times the page hits עם ישראל חי (talk) 15:43, 8 January 2019 (UTC)

 * Oppose became a typhoon in the WPAC. YE Pacific Hurricane 01:22, 9 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Oppose IMD did not name cyclones in their basins at that time. Cyclone Gay technically does not exist, only Cyclone BOB 07. Nova Crystallis   (Talk)  01:26, 9 January 2019 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Date format
The article originally used MDY formatting; this was changed by Seligne in this edit (though incompletely; Bofuses has recently cleaned up the inconsistency). If there is consensus to retain the DMY formatting this should be noted at the top of the article via {{Use dmy dates}}. --Paul_012 (talk) 08:24, 24 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Preach ate chew. --Bofuses (talk) 17:20, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

Requested move 23 June 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved. (non-admin closure) SilverLocust (talk) 07:50, 1 July 2023 (UTC)

Typhoon Gay (1989) → Typhoon Gay – Most significant storm with this name in terms of damages and fatalities 📖 (💬/📜) 04:49, 23 June 2023 (UTC)

 * Do you have anything in terms of WP:COMMON or WP:PRIMARYTOPIC? If so, happy to support. I don't see much reason for Primary Topic.  EmeraldRange  (talk/contribs) 00:55, 26 June 2023 (UTC)
 * @EmeraldRange A small part of WP:WPTC/S's guideline on the year of storms says Any storm that is the clear primary topic, however, should get the main title (without the year), regardless of its retirement status. The only typhoon named Gay and has its own article is 1992. 1989 caused more than half a billion dollars compared to 1992, which has no reported damages. 1989 also has over a thousand deaths, but 1992 has only one. The other typhoons that have this name had no recorded damages and deaths. Using this rule, 1989 is the primary topic. 📖 (💬/📜) 04:36, 26 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Agreed, Support per your points  EmeraldRange  (talk/contribs) 13:50, 27 June 2023 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

title: Talk:Typhoon Gay


text:
EuroBasket 1937

The 1937 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 1937, was the second FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship, held by FIBA. Eight national teams affiliated with the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) took part in the competition. Defending champions Latvia hosted the tournament, held in Riga.

First round
The preliminary round consisted of the eight teams being separated into two groups of four. Each group played a round-robin format tournament, with the top two teams in each group advancing to the semifinals and the bottom two playing in the lower classification matches. Wins counted for 2 points, losses for 1 point.

Group A
Note: Egypt originally won against Italy 31–28, but due to a referee's error, FIBA declared the game null and void, and ordered a replay. Egypt objected to the ruling and did not appear for the replay before withdrawing from the tournament.

Group B
Latvia are classified third, because of scores differences between France-Poland-Latvia (Latvia has −4, Poland +2 and France +2).

Classification 5–8
The bottom four teams from the preliminary group faced off in the classification matches.

Semifinals
The semifinals pitted the four top teams of the preliminary round against each other. Winners advanced to the final, with the losers playing in a match for 3rd and 4th place.

Team rosters
1. Lithuania: Feliksas Kriaučiūnas, Pranas Talzūnas, Stasys Šačkus, Juozas Žukas, Leonas Baltrūnas, Zenonas Puzinauskas, Artūras Andrulis, Leopoldas Kepalas, Pranas Mažeika, Česlovas Daukša, Leonas Petrauskas, Eugenijus Nikolskis (Coach: Feliksas Kriaučiūnas)

2. Italy: Livio Franceschini, Ambrogio Bessi, Galeazzo Dondi, Emilio Giassetti, Giancarlo Marinelli, Camillo Marinone, Sergio Paganella, Mino Pasquini, Michele Pelliccia, Ezio Varisco

3. France: Pierre Boel, Robert Cohu, Jacques Flouret, Henri Hell, Edmond Leclere, Henri Lesmayoux, Fernand Prudhomme, Etienne Roland, Eugene Ronner, Marcel Vérot (Coach: Henri Kretzschmar)

4. Poland: Pawel Stok, Michal Czajczyk, Stefan Gendera, Florian Grzechowiak, Zdzislaw Kasprzak, Janusz Patrzykont, Andrzej Plucinski, Zbigniew Resich, Zenon Rozycki, Jaroslaw Smigielski (Coach: Walenty Kłyszejko)

5. Estonia: Heino Veskila, Oskar Erikson, Evald Mahl, Vladimir Kärk, Robert Keres, Aleksander Illi, Alfred Zimmermann, Albert Suurna, Ralf Viksten (Coach: Herbert Niiler)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: EuroBasket 1937


text:
Omicron Aquarii

Omicron Aquarii, Latinized from ο Aquarii, is the Bayer designation for a variable star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. Visible to the naked eye, it has an apparent visual magnitude of +4.71. Parallax measurements put it at a distance of roughly 440 ly from Earth. It is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +11 km/s. The star is a candidate member of the Pisces-Eridanus stellar stream.

It has the traditional star name Kae Uh, from the Chinese 蓋屋 (Mandarin pronunciation Gài Wū). In Chinese astronomy, 蓋屋 is the rooftop, an asterism consisting of ο Aquarii and 32 Aquarii. Consequently, the Chinese name for ο Aquarii itself is 蓋屋一 (Gài Wū yī, the First Star of Roofing.)

The spectrum of Omicron Aquarii fits a stellar classification of B7 IVe; the luminosity class of IV suggests that this is a subgiant star that is exhausting the supply of hydrogen at its core and is in the process of evolving into a giant star. The 'e' suffix on the class indicates that the spectrum shows emission lines of hydrogen, thus categorizing this as a Be star. It is rotating rapidly with an equatorial rotational velocity of 368 km/s, which is ~96% of the star's critical rotation velocity of 391 km/s. The emission lines are being generated by a decreted circumstellar disk of hot hydrogen gas. This disk has been globally stable for at least twenty years, as of 2020. It is likely a single star, with no stellar companions.

Omicron Aquarii has 4.2 times the mass of the Sun, four times the Sun's radius, and is radiating 340 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 13,464 K. It is classified as a Gamma Cassiopeiae type variable star and its brightness varies from magnitude +4.68 down to +4.89.

title: Omicron Aquarii


text:
List of rivers of the United States: V

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - XYZ

This is a list of rivers in the United States that have names starting with the letter V. For the main page, which includes links to listings by state, see List of rivers in the United States.

V

 * Van Duzen River - California
 * Vasquez Creek - California
 * Vedder River - Washington
 * Ventura River - California
 * Verde River - Arizona
 * Verdigris River - Kansas, Oklahoma
 * Vermilion River (Illinois River tributary) - Illinois
 * Vermilion River (Wabash River tributary) - Illinois
 * Vermilion River - Louisiana
 * Vermilion River - Minnesota
 * Vermilion River - Ohio
 * Vermillion River - Minnesota
 * Vermillion River - South Dakota
 * Vermillion River - Wisconsin
 * Vince Bayou - Texas
 * Virgin River - Utah, Nevada
 * Volga River - Iowa

title: List of rivers of the United States: V


text:
Guitar zither

The guitar zither (also chord zither, fretless zither, mandolin zither or harp zither ) is a musical instrument consisting of a sound-box with two sets of unstopped strings. One set of strings is tuned to the diatonic, chromatic, or partially chromatic scale and the other set is tuned to make the various chords in the principal key of the melody strings.

First patented May 29, 1894 by Friederich Menzenhauer (1858-1937), the guitar zither came into use in the late 19th century and was widely mass-produced in the United States and in Germany by Menzenhauer and later by Oscar Schmidt Inc., the Phonoharp Company, and others'.

The 1902 Sears catalog touted the Deweylin Harp—a type of fretless zither—as "...the wonder of the age," and "...the greatest musical instrument that has ever been placed before the public." These mandolin-guitar-zithers purported to combine three instruments for the price of one.

A form of psaltery and member of the family of chordophones, the guitar zither is closely related to the Autoharp, first patented over 20 years earlier. It differs from it in not having damping bars for producing chords, and from the concert zither by the absence of a fretboard for melodic use.

The name guitar zither is apparently derived from its sound. The mandolin zither (or mandolin harp) has doubled strings in unison courses producing a more mandolin-like sound.

title: Guitar zither


text:
Talk:Bury

I assume that bury is cognate with the German burg. Can anyone confirm this? Bastie 01:56, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Requested move 11 August 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: move the pages to the requested titles at this time, per the discussion below. Dekimasu よ! 09:16, 20 August 2018 (UTC)

– There is no clear primary topic here, while this is more significant than the other places called just "Bury" the name is too ambiguous for it to be primary. Leigh is a DAB rather than being about the one that's by far the largest-Leigh, Greater Manchester. While the main Google mainly returns the place in GM, a Google images search returns other things. A Google Books search returns mainly returns Bury St Edmunds (which gets more views than Bury, GM) and Burial. Similar issues have been debated for Wells, Nice, Settle, Barking, Yelling and Steep.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 06:23, 11 August 2018 (UTC) --Relisting. Dekimasu よ! 19:17, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Bury (disambiguation) → Bury
 * Bury → Bury, Greater Manchester
 * Support and agree there's no clear primary topic. ╠╣uw [ talk ]  12:38, 11 August 2018 (UTC)

 * Oppose this is the primary topic, clearly the most important. The other meanings are either associated with this town or small obscure places.  Leigh should be considered on its own merits.  Google books might be a bit wonky, or their search criteria might not be the same as Wikipedia criteria for determining primary meaning. PatGallacher (talk) 00:20, 12 August 2018 (UTC)
 * There aren't just small places, there's lots of other meanings, like those that I pointed out above, Newport is also a DAB even though the city in Wales is the 3rd largest in Wales. I doubt that a term this common would have a WP:PRIMARYTOPIC by usage or long term significance.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 07:57, 12 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Support. I also agree there is no clear primary topic here. Rreagan007 (talk) 02:54, 20 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Support - No clear primary topic.ZXCVBNM (TALK) 03:48, 20 August 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Incoming wikilinks
There are now over 1,000 wikilinks to the disambiguation page Bury. (That's about 20% of all such errors on Wikipedia.) I checked a sample, all of which refer to Bury, Greater Manchester. If you really must this article away from its base name, please fix all resulting mis-directed links. Thanks, Certes (talk) 01:26, 21 August 2018 (UTC)
 * I would certainly have opposed this move had I seen the discussion in time. The place in Greater Manchester (population 78,000) is the clear WP:PTOPIC; as demonstrated by the fact that the move broke 1,086 links, every one of which looks correct. Narky Blert (talk) 07:47, 21 August 2018 (UTC)
 * I don't think all the links are for the place in GM, and I will start fixing the links in a few hours when dabsolver starts working.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 07:51, 21 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Seven of the links were for Bury F.C. (though Bury is its common metonym). I've fixed those.  I also would have opposed the move had I been aware of the discussion. Certes (talk) 10:18, 21 August 2018 (UTC)
 * I just fixed 3 that were for Bury St Edmunds, its difficult to tell by looking at the recent changes linked for "Bury, Greater Manchester" for links to that page if there were also some for Burial or the dictionary word.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 10:44, 26 August 2018 (UTC)
 * And ones for Cambridgeshire and West Sussex.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 10:53, 24 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Agree, this was a poor move. It should be reversed. The town of Bury is a clear primary topic over the other entries. please could you reopen the discussion?  — Amakuru (talk) 08:35, 29 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the ping. The links have all been cleaned up at this point, so on one hand the issue raised here has already been dealt with, and on the other it's difficult to determine what the links indicated; additionally, concerns that dab links would be created aren't generally an adequate rationale for opposing a move. That leaves the discussion above (the results of which were fairly clear) and the underlying original question of whether there is a primary topic. Rather than reopen the previous discussion, I think it would be better to say that a new one should be allowed at any time. I did not know there was discussion ongoing here, and it seems likely that others have packed up and moved on as well. Reopening the old discussion might be more likely than before to end up at no consensus, but maybe a new discussion with someone making a strong argument in favor of a primary topic could reach a clear consensus one way or the other. Dekimasu よ! 18:21, 29 August 2018 (UTC)
 * One way to tell is using the recent changes linked, which I did with links to Bury, Greater Manchester and I also did links to Suffolk, Cambridgeshire and Burial to see when BD2412 fixed them with AWB, I checked for errors, of which I found 3 that I could detect, but there could be others.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 18:41, 29 August 2018 (UTC)
 * As someone who started on Wikipedia mostly doing extensive cleanup for WP:DPL, I have to say that whether the discussion reached the best possible conclusion does not have much to do with the volume of wikilinks involved. It's important to understand as well that links to disambiguation pages should be cleaned up whenever possible, but links to disambiguation pages are not errors on their face and the links are not broken–readers are sent to navigation pages that get them where they intended to go. We used to regularly have over 2000 pages with over 100 links to disambiguation pages in our database dumps; now that the database dumps list pages with 1 (!) link, there might be a tendency to forget that new dab links are created through various appropriate processes all the time, and one of the main ways is necessarily through move requests that have to do with primary topic determinations.
 * In this case, about 200 links off the top were from transclusions of Template:Greater Manchester, and 60 more were from Template:Public housing in the United Kingdom, so those were fixed in a couple of edits by Crouch, Swale. I don't know what other templates were involved, but there was a good-faith effort made by editors who supported the move to clean up a significant number of the new dablinks as was requested by Certes. Thanks, of course, to anyone else who volunteered help. Dekimasu よ! 18:21, 29 August 2018 (UTC)
 * In the vast majority of cases I fix all the links shortly after the discussion, I didn't do them all immediately as there were so many, anyway the fact that the links were apparently correct isn't necessarily a strong argument for a PT, however it is evidence. I think there was clear enough consensus that this was not the PT, never mind a lack of consensus that it is the PT (which up to a point I believe there needs to be a level of consensus for a PT, not a lack of one, although that is disputed). you're welcome to start a new RM.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk )  18:29, 29 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Looks like there were 831 links listed the first day this went on the list. It was down to zero three days later. Dekimasu よ! 19:31, 29 August 2018 (UTC)
 * I would point out Somerton which was about the pop 4,697 town, not the pop 14,287-Somerton, Arizona or the pop 33,931 Somerton, Philadelphia but there was 4 for Somerton, Oxfordshire and 1 for Somerton, Victoria . 19:39, 29 August 2018 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Crouch, Swale (talk • contribs)
 * given that this RM only closed last week it makes more sense for us to relist and discuss on the original RM rather than open a new one so soon. It doesn't seem like there's a clear consensus to move at this stage. Cheers. — Amakuru (talk) 23:05, 29 August 2018 (UTC)
 * The last RM was closed as "move the pages to the requested titles at this time, per the discussion below", see WP:THREEOUTCOMES. I think that guideline would appear to suggest filing a new RM but the closer of the new RM should take into account 15 year title. However I'll post a question on that page's talk page about this. If it had been a no consensus then re opening I think is more common.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 07:30, 30 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Question at Wikipedia talk:Requested moves.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 07:36, 30 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Question at Wikipedia talk:Requested moves.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 07:36, 30 August 2018 (UTC)

I wasn't talking so much about the incoming links, I just don't agree with the move in the first place, so because both myself and Narky have indicated that we don't agree with it, I'm asking you relist the above discussion so we can make our points. Asking me to file a new move request is not fair because then the new location of the page is the status quo. Bear in mind this page has been stable at thos title for 15 years, surely it is reasonable to allow the debate to reach a conclusion. — Amakuru (talk) 22:45, 29 August 2018 (UTC)
 * I think the burden should be on getting a consensus that there is a primary topic. In other words, "no consensus" means that the disambiguation should be at the base title, and if there had been a primary topic, failure to get a consensus that reconfirmed the primary topic would imply moving the dab to the base, i.e. a "no consensus" discussion resulting in a move. So, there is no concern about starting from the "status quo" here as there would be if the debate were simply over what the best title for the topic was, rather than a debate over whether the topic was primary, with no debate over what the best name is. In other words there is consensus that "Bury" is the best name so there is no concern with falling back to a status quo that was different, like "Boury". So given that, "fairness" of the starting point doesn't come into play, and I'd do this based on what was most convenient. Given that, I might consider opening an RM to reverse the previous close, but with the closing admin instructed to treat it as a relisting, i.e. all !votes submitted in the previous RM given equal consideration in the new RM, so no requirement to re-vote. Kind of a creative WP:IAR solution. If this were in the US, then WP:USPLACE would come into play and there would be no doubt that the previous close was correct. Also noting from |Bury|Bury,_Cambridgeshire|Burial page views that some might argue for Burial being the primary topic, and readers residing outside the UK might be "astonished" upon being redirected to the Manchester suburb rather than burial. See the open RM at Talk:Nosedive (disambiguation). wbm1058 (talk) 17:06, 30 August 2018 (UTC)
 * I was tempted to request a move review. However, the closer was clearly correct to interpret the minimal input received as consensus to move, and the only matter which could be reviewed is whether the debate should have remained open longer.  Perhaps we should have a more widely advertised RM, making an extra effort to avoid the issue of which default option applies by reaching a consensus.  Certes (talk) 17:33, 30 August 2018 (UTC)
 * A move review would be inappropriate because the move was closed based on the evidence "at this time". 4 (including me the nom) supported and 1 opposed, the discussion had been open for over 9 days when the standard is 7. Not much evidence was put forward that the place in GM was primary and I had given evidence and similar examples that it wasn't. If new evidence comes to light it should probably go in a new RM to see if a case can be made for the place in GM to be the PT.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 19:48, 30 August 2018 (UTC)
 * the close was correct as it stood, no doubt about that, but given that more information and several more interested parties have come forth shortly after the close, it should be reopened. 's decision to deny my request for a courtesy relist is both surprising and disappointing, and I'm not sure what to do next. Crouch I'm also not sure why you think it would be inappropriate. Surely you want a proper debate on this and for the correct outcome to be reached? There is clearly more to discuss. — Amakuru (talk) 16:54, 31 August 2018 (UTC)
 * One reason for the late surge of interest is that the move automatically added Bury to the "to do" lists of some editors who deal with disambiguation pages and had previously overlooked this page. Certes (talk) 17:25, 31 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Whether one town is more important than another aside, is still my opinion that having any location as a primary topic would violate WP:ASTONISH. People are likely to type in "bury" when searching for "burial". It should be a permanent disambiguation.ZXCVBNM (TALK) 15:11, 31 August 2018 (UTC)
 * People are likely to type in "bury" when searching for "burial" I can't imagine anything less likely myself, than typing bury into the search box when researching burial. — Amakuru (talk) 16:48, 31 August 2018 (UTC)

 * I don't think Dekimasu has decided to deny it, just that the way to contest a move outcome that was closed correctly with appropriate consensus should be a new request. I can't think of any other examples but I'm pretty sure that if a move discussion is closed correctly with enough participation and someone wants to add their view, it should go in a new RM. As pointed out the closer should take the 15 year PT into account.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 17:06, 31 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Respectfully, that's incorrect. RMs are closed when the discussion has reached a conclusion and yes, it appeared that way last week when Dekimasu closed it, but now more information and several more people have come forward it is clear the discussion was not yet over. If I was the closing admin in this situation, and I thought there was a genuine chance of a different result from the one I closed with, I would not hesitate to do a relist. That's the normal part of consensus building. — Amakuru (talk) 17:29, 31 August 2018 (UTC)
 * If you think a relist would be better then that's fine, Dekimasu can relist it, I just think its cleaner and less complicated to start a new RM, this would mean a new consensus from when it was moved.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 17:36, 31 August 2018 (UTC)
 * How do you think we should resolve this, should we re open or relist?  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 07:48, 1 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Page hits in June: [|Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bury|Bury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)|County_Borough_of_Bury|Bury_F.C.]-Bury and some sub topics [|Bury,_Somerset|Bury,_West_Sussex|Bury_(UK_electoral_ward)|Bury,_Oise|Bury,_Quebec|Bury_(surname)|Bury_(professional_wrestling)|Bury_(The_Fall_song)|Bury,_Hainaut]-views for topics just called "Bury" [|Bury_St_Edmunds|Bury_Town_F.C.]-views for significant topics not called just "Bury".  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 12:30, 4 September 2018 (UTC)
 * My main issue with this is that although Bury St Edmunds is called "Bury" colloquially by people in the area, I don't think it's widely understood as such in the wider world. If you lived in Cornwall and told someone you were travelling to Bury, I think they'd assume you meant the one near Manchester. And as for burial, I think we usually try not to consider topics that are reffered to by a WP:DICDEF but which are not really plausible as search targets. Like I said above, I severely doubt that anyone would type "Bury" into the search box when looking for details on burial, but that's one thing that's hard to assess. — Amakuru (talk) 12:36, 4 September 2018 (UTC)
 * If it was just between Bury, GM and Bury St E. then I'd strongly be against making "Bury" a DAB page but with a variety of full matches and PTMs it becomes more difficult to make a case for a PT. Interestingly I'd note that while Bury St Edmunds hosts an article on the town, St Edmundsbury hosts an article on the district, even though Tunbridge Wells redirects to Royal Tunbridge Wells with the district at Borough of Tunbridge Wells. It might be in this case that we can say the town in GM is primary for just "Bury" and we need stats to show readers are looking for "Burial" when searching for "Bury" (I wouldn't either) however the G Books may be good evidence. A Bury (ritual) and Bury, Suffolk redirect linked on the DAB per WP:DABTEST might help.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 12:45, 4 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bury


text: User talk:81.86.152.219

title: User talk:81.86.152.219


text:
User talk:Toryishleftwinger

George Bush JR
http://www.vh1.com/shared/media/news/images/w/wierd_al/weirdal180x180.jpg I like bunnies the reason I like bunnies might go back to my childhood when a bunny laughed at me and i cried. I also like bunnies because of their ears, I find that their ears are really good for farting on. As you may have guessed I'm a complete jackass. I like to be a jackass, it makes me feel special. My favorite band is Beetovens Band Wagin. I really like Beetoven Band Wagin because it makes me feel special; inside, not out. I hope you like cheese, cuz I do...ALOT!!! You know those things that say, "for external use only" I like using them internaly. o_O. I also like cheese...ALOT!!! Well, thats all for me, it's six o'clockum and its my bedtime and if I go to bed 5 minutes early ol' George SR might read me an entire bearinstin bear book.... YAY! Energizer Bunny http://www.energizer.com/

title: User talk:Toryishleftwinger


text:
List of rivers of the United States: W

A – B – C – D – E – F – G – H – I – J – K – L – M – N – O – P – Q – R – S – T – U – V – W – XYZ

This is a list of rivers in the United States that have names starting with the letter W. For the main page, which includes links to listings by state, see List of rivers in the United States.

Wa

 * Wabash River – Ohio, Indiana, Illinois
 * Waccamaw River – North Carolina, South Carolina
 * Waccasassa River – Florida
 * Wacissa River – Florida
 * Wading River – Massachusetts
 * Wading River – New Jersey
 * Wailua River – Hawaii
 * Wailuku River – Hawaii
 * Waimea River – Hawaii
 * Waits River – Vermont
 * Wakarusa River – Kansas
 * Wakatomika Creek – Ohio
 * Wakulla River – Florida
 * Walhonding River – Ohio
 * Walker Creek – California
 * Walker Creek – Michigan
 * Walker Creek – Virginia
 * Walker Creek – West Virginia
 * Walker River – Nevada
 * Walla Walla River – Washington
 * Wallkill River – New Jersey, New York
 * Walloomsac River – Vermont, New York
 * Wallooskee River – Oregon
 * Wallowa River – Oregon
 * Walnut River – Kansas
 * Wanaque River – New Jersey
 * Wando River – South Carolina
 * Wankinco River – Massachusetts
 * Wappinger Creek – New York
 * Wapsipinicon River – Iowa
 * Ware River – Massachusetts
 * Warm Springs River – Oregon
 * Warner River – New Hampshire
 * Warren River – Rhode Island
 * Warwick River – Virginia
 * Washita River – Texas, Oklahoma
 * Washougal River – Washington
 * Watab River – Minnesota
 * Watauga River – North Carolina, Tennessee
 * Wateree River – South Carolina
 * Watonwan River – Minnesota
 * Waupaca River – Wisconsin
 * Waxahatchee Creek – Alabama

We

 * Weber River – Utah
 * Webhannet River – Maine
 * Weeki Wachee River – Florida
 * Weiser River – Idaho
 * Wekiva River – Florida
 * Wells River – Vermont
 * Wenatchee River – Washington
 * West River – Connecticut
 * West River – Maryland
 * West River – Massachusetts
 * West River – Rhode Island
 * West River – Vermont
 * West Branch – New Hampshire
 * West Branch Delaware River – New York, Pennsylvania
 * West Branch Susquehanna River – Pennsylvania
 * West Branch Wading River – New Jersey
 * West Fork River – West Virginia
 * West Fork of the Little Sioux River – Iowa
 * West Nishnabotna River – Iowa
 * West Okaw River – Illinois
 * West Twin River – Wisconsin
 * West Walker River – California, Nevada
 * Westfield River – Massachusetts
 * Westport River – Massachusetts
 * Weweantic River – Massachusetts
 * Weymouth Back River – Massachusetts
 * Weymouth Fore River – Massachusetts

Wh

 * Wheeling Creek – Ohio
 * Wheeling Creek – West Virginia
 * Whetstone River – South Dakota, Minnesota
 * Whippany River – New Jersey
 * White River – Arkansas, Missouri
 * White River – Indiana
 * White River – Western Michigan
 * White River – The Thumb of Michigan
 * White River – Nevada
 * White River – Oregon
 * White River – South Dakota, Nebraska
 * White River – Colorado, Utah
 * White River – Utah
 * White River – Vermont
 * White River (Puyallup River) – Washington
 * White River (Lake Wenatchee) – Washington
 * White River – Wisconsin (Bad River tributary)
 * White River – Wisconsin (Fox River tributary)
 * White Chuck River – Washington
 * White Clay Creek – Pennsylvania, Delaware
 * White Earth River – Minnesota
 * White Earth River – North Dakota
 * White Oak Bayou – Texas
 * White Oak River – North Carolina
 * White Rock Creek – Texas
 * White Salmon River – Washington
 * Whiteface River – Minnesota
 * Whiteface River – New Hampshire
 * Whitefish River – Michigan
 * Whitefish River – Montana
 * Whitewater River – California
 * Whitewater River – Indiana, Ohio
 * Whitewater River – Kansas
 * Whitewater River – Minnesota
 * Whitewater River – North Carolina, South Carolina

Wi

 * Wichita River – Texas
 * Wicomico River – Maryland (Chesapeake Bay)
 * Wicomico River – Maryland (Potomac River)
 * Wild River – New Hampshire and Maine
 * Wild Ammonoosuc River – New Hampshire
 * Wild Rice River – Minnesota
 * Wild Rice River – North Dakota
 * Wilde River – Massachusetts
 * Willamette River – Oregon
 * Willapa River – Washington
 * Williams Fork (Colorado River) – Colorado
 * Williams Fork (Yampa River) – Colorado
 * Williams River – Vermont
 * Williams River – West Virginia
 * Williamson River – Oregon
 * Willimantic River – Connecticut
 * Willis River – Virginia
 * Willow Creek – Colorado
 * Willow Creek – Montana
 * Willow River – Minnesota, tributary of Kettle River
 * Willow River – Minnesota, tributary of Mississippi River
 * Willow River – Wisconsin (St. Croix River tributary)
 * Willow River – Wisconsin (Tomahawk River tributary)
 * Wills Creek – Ohio
 * Wills Creek – Pennsylvania, Maryland
 * Wilson River – Oregon
 * Wind River – Alaska
 * Wind River – Wisconsin
 * Wind River – Washington
 * Wind River – Wyoming
 * Wing River – Minnesota
 * Winnebago River – Iowa
 * Winnetuxet River – Massachusetts
 * Winnicut River – New Hampshire
 * Winnipesaukee River – New Hampshire
 * Winooski River – Vermont
 * Wisconsin River – Wisconsin
 * Wise River – Montana
 * Wishkah River – Washington
 * Wissahickon Creek – Pennsylvania
 * Witcher Creek – West Virginia
 * Withlacoochee River – southern Florida
 * Withlacoochee River – Georgia and northern Florida

Wo – Wy

 * Wolf Creek (Great Miami River) – Ohio
 * Wolf Creek (Muskingum River) – Ohio
 * Wolf River – Kansas
 * Wolf River – Mississippi, Tennessee
 * Wolf River – Tennessee, Kentucky
 * Wolf River – Wisconsin (Eau Claire River tributary)
 * Wolf River – Wisconsin (Fox River tributary)
 * Wonalancet River – New Hampshire
 * Wood River – Illinois
 * Wood River – Oregon
 * Wood River – Connecticut, Rhode Island
 * Wood River – Wisconsin
 * Woonasquatucket River – Rhode Island
 * Worthington Creek – West Virginia
 * Wounded Knee Creek – South Dakota
 * Wulik River – Alaska
 * Wye River – Maryland
 * Wynoochee River – Washington

title: List of rivers of the United States: W


text:
Hamm AG

Hamm AG is a German worldwide manufacturer and marketer of road rollers based in Tirschenreuth, Germany. It is a subsidiary of Wirtgen Group.

History
Brothers Anton and Franz Hamm, who were gunsmiths, founded the company in 1878 to build agricultural equipment. The company built their first diesel-powered road roller in 1911, from a design by a second-generation Hamm, Hans Hamm. This was at a time when most rollers where steam powered. In 1928, the company abandoned all other product lines to concentrate on road rollers. Hamm produces the first all-wheel drive-all-wheel steering double-drum. The company introduced an all-wheel steering and all-wheel drive rubber-wheeled roller in 1963, and then rolled out its oscillating vibratory roller in 1989.

In 1999 the Wirtgen Group GmbH announced that it would purchase Hamm AG, and the transaction was completed in March 2000.

title: Hamm AG


text:
DeWitt School District

DeWitt School District No. 1 is a school district based in the town of DeWitt, Arkansas, United States. The DeWitt School District is geographically the state's largest school district with 872.29 mi2 of land and 46.18 mi2 of water, encompassing portions of Arkansas and Jefferson, and Desha counties.

It operates three schools, including DeWitt High School, DeWitt Middle School, and DeWitt Elementary School.

Service area
The municipalities it serves include DeWitt, Almyra, Gillett, Saint Charles, and Humphrey.

Additionally the district includes unincorporated areas: Arkansas Post, Bayou Meto, Crocketts Bluff, Eldridge Corner, Ethel, Nady, One Horse Store, Point Deluce, Reydell, Stinking Bay, and Tichnor. Some areas with "Altheimer, Arkansas" postal addresses may be in the district boundaries.

The 2010 U.S. Census indicated the district included a portion of Lincoln County, but in the 2020 U.S. Census that area was shown as being in Jefferson County.

The 2010 census also indicated the district included a portion of Desha County, but in 2020 that portion was indicated as now being in Arkansas County (while still being in the DeWitt school district).

History
By the 1950s a school district in Jefferson County had been annexed into the DeWitt district.

In 1966 the Arkansas County School District dissolved, with portions going to the DeWitt school district and others going to the St. Charles School District and other districts.

On July 1, 1985, the St. Charles district consolidated into the DeWitt district. On July 1, 2004, the Gillett School District and the Humphrey School District consolidated into the DeWitt district.

Schools
Secondary schools:
 * DeWitt High School is a comprehensive public high school for students in grades 9 through 12. In 2007-2008 it had approximately 350 students and 35 teachers. Ethnically, the school is 81% Caucasian, 18% African-American, and less than 1% Hispanic with very few students of other backgrounds. DeWitt High School is a closed campus. Students are not allowed to leave campus without permission to sign out. During school year, the school day runs from 8 AM to 3:15 PM, Monday through Friday. DeWitt High School's mascot is the Dragon. Its colors are blue and gold. Lunch and breakfast are served daily.
 * DeWitt Middle School, located in DeWitt and serving more than 300 students in grades 6 through 8.

Primary schools:
 * DeWitt Elementary School, located in DeWitt and serving students in kindergarten through grade 5.
 * Previously known as Southside Elementary School, it had 480 students in 2012.

Former schools:
 * Gillett High School (closed in 2009)
 * Gillett Elementary School, located in Gillett, serving prekindergarten through grade 5.
 * The final facility was built in the 1950s. In 2010 the school had 81 students, and in 2012 the school had 74 students. In 2012 the DeWitt School District board voted in favor of closing Gillett Elementary, but it had to ask the Arkansas Board of Education for approval of the closure. The state board denied the closure request 5-2. Several area donors promised to raise $68,000 per year to keep the school open.
 * Humphrey Elementary School - Closed in 2009

Student body and staff
the district had about 1,264 students, with most of them originating from Arkansas County. The highest enrollment occurred around 2008-2009, when the student population exceeded 1,600.

In 2014 the district had 77 classified employees and 110 licensed employees.

Notable alumni

 * Winston Bryant—Politician; former Arkansas Secretary of State, Lt. Governor, and Attorney General

title: DeWitt School District


text:
List of rivers of the United States: XYZ

A – B – C – D – E – F – G – H – I – J – K – L – M – N – O – P – Q – R – S – T – U – V – W – XYZ

This is a list of rivers in the United States that have names starting with the letters X, Y and Z. For the main page, which includes links to listings by state, see List of rivers in the United States.

Y

 * Yaak River – Montana, British Columbia
 * Yachats River – Oregon
 * Yadkin River – North Carolina
 * Yahara River – Wisconsin
 * Yakima River – Washington
 * Yalobusha River – Mississippi
 * Yamhill River – Oregon
 * Yampa River – Colorado
 * Yantic River – Connecticut
 * Yaquina River – Oregon
 * Yazoo River – Mississippi
 * Yellow Creek – Illinois
 * Yellow River – Alabama, Florida
 * Yellow River – Indiana
 * Yellow River – Iowa
 * Yellow River – Wisconsin (Chippewa River tributary)
 * Yellow River – Wisconsin (Red Cedar River tributary)
 * Yellow River – Wisconsin (St. Croix River tributary)
 * Yellow River – Wisconsin (Wisconsin River tributary)
 * Yellow Bank River – South Dakota, Minnesota
 * Yellow Dog River – Michigan
 * Yellow Medicine River – Minnesota
 * Yellowstone River – Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota
 * Yentna River – Alaska
 * Yeocomico River – Virginia
 * Yockanookany River – Mississippi
 * Yocona River – Mississippi
 * York River – Maine
 * York River – Virginia
 * Youghiogheny River – West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania
 * Youngs River – Oregon
 * Yuba River – California
 * Yukon River – Alaska

Z

 * Zealand River – New Hampshire
 * Zigzag River – Oregon
 * Zumbro River – Minnesota
 * Zuni River – New Mexico, Arizona,


text:
Palak paneer

Palak paneer or palak chhena is an Indian dish consisting of chhena or paneer in a thick paste made from puréed spinach, called palak in Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati, and other Indian languages.

The terms palak chhena and saag chhena are sometimes used interchangeably in restaurants in the Anglosphere. However, saag chhena is different from traditional palak chhena in that it contains other green leafy vegetables, such as mustard greens, whereas palak paneer only contains spinach. Dhaba restaurants often specialize in palak chhena.

Preparation
Palak paneer is prepared by first boiling and pureeing spinach. The puree is then mixed with sautéed tomatoes and onions. Grilled cubes of paneer are then added to the puree. Palak paneer is typically spiced with ginger, garlic, tomatoes, garam masala, turmeric, chili powder and cumin.

Serving
Palak paneer is served hot with a side dish such as roti, naan, parathas, makki ki roti, or boiled rice. It can also be served with onions on the side for a more traditional approach.

In recent years, there have been fusion variations of palak paneer. In July 2020, a Bangalore-based food blogger posted her variation of palak paneer idli. The dish sparked conversation on Twitter and Instagram about the unusual combination of these two North and South Indian dishes.

title: Palak paneer


text:
Muhammad Bassiri

Muhammad Sidi Brahim Sidi Embarek Basir (محمد سيدي إبراهيم سيدي مبارك بصير; born 1942 or 1944 – disappeared June 18, 1970) was a Sahrawi nationalist leader, disappeared and presumedly executed by the Spanish Legion in June 1970.

Biography
Muhammad Bassiri was born in a Sahrawi family in Tan-Tan, which was retroceded  to Morocco after Treaty of Angra de Cintra in 1958, (nowadays Southern Morocco, then part of the Cap Juby in Spanish protectorate in Morocco) The Tarfaya strip, which included Bassiri's hometown, had been attributed to Morocco in a clause imposed by France in the Franco-Spanish Treaty of 1912, despite the fact that Morocco had never had either sovereignty, territorial right or actual control over it, as ruled by the International Court of Justice in 1975. Its cession to Morocco in 1958, which caused a clash between Sahrawi guerrillas and Moroccan troops in Tan-Tan, is interpreted by Sahrawi nationalists as an amputation of their historical territory.

In 1957 he left Tan-Tan for the newly independent Morocco to attend school in Marrakesh. He proceeded to Cairo, Egypt where he studied the Quran and the Arabic language. In Damascus, Syria, he studied journalism and became familiarized  with Pan-Arabism. On returning to Morocco in 1966, he founded Al-Shihab (The Torch), a Sahrawi nationalist newspaper. He also worked as a journalist in Casablanca.

The Sahara has never been Moroccan. The Moroccan kingdom will never be able to justify that the Sahara was part of the Alauit kingdom. Through history, Morocco never sent any Moroccan governor to the Western Sahara, nor have the Saharawis ever pledged loyalty to any Moroccan monarch; there were only commercial relations between Saharawis and Moroccans.

In March 1968 he was allowed to enter Spanish Sahara (he had tried to enter in December 1967, but he was detained and expelled), because of the closing of the newspaper by Moroccan authorities in late 1967, and settled in the city of Smara as a Quranic teacher. It was there he started to organize the anti-colonial movement known as the movement of liberation (In Arabic: Harakat Tahrir) calling for end of Spanish occupation of the Sahara. Bassiri stressed non-violence (influenced by the peaceful struggle of Gandhi in the colonized India) and wanted to bring about change through democratic action, although the ruthless colonial rule imposed by Francisco Franco's Spain forced the Harakat Tahrir to remain clandestine. Bassiri didn't want a precipitated independence, but to negotiate with the Spanish authorities.

Disappearance
On early June 17, 1970 the organization appeared openly in a peaceful demonstration against the Spanish colonial rule, asking for autonomy (as a first step to independence) and self-determination in the Zemla neighborhood of El-Aaiun, in parallel to an official Francoist demonstration. The Spanish governor-general of the colony, General José María Pérez de Lema y Tejero, went to Zemla to discuss with the organizers of the demonstration, but did not reach an agreement to make them leave the place and join the official demonstration. Tensions escalated between the growing mass of Sahrawi protesters and the Spanish reservist soldiers, who were stoned-throwed after detaining three speakers of the protest, answered opening fire on the mass at 17:30 PM. Disturbance continued until 19:00 PM, when troops of the Tercio "Juan de Austria" of the Spanish Legion brutally put down what remained of the protesters. The events were seen by the Spanish authorities as a defiance to the official demonstration organized by the General governor, made to show the world the supposed Sahrawi support to the Spanish regime and refusal to the UN involvement. These events have been dubbed the Zemla Intifada by Sahrawis.

Bassiri, who had abandoned Zemla before violence erupted, was informed of the events. He was offered to escape to Mauritania by car, but he refused it. According to Salem Lebser, he replied: "Nobody could say I'm an adventurer who has led people to death and then disappeared..I already fled once Morocco, where I felt like a stranger. But I would not flee from my own land". Bassiri was tracked down that night, detained around 03:00 AM of June 18, and jailed at El Aaiun Territorial Police headquarters. On June 19, and after being allegedly tortured, he testified before the Spanish military authorities. A photograph of him registering before the "Habs Shargui" prison authorities is the last known trace of him. Later, he was allegedly moved to "Sidi Buya", the Spanish Legion headquarters in El Aaiun. According to testimonies given by three different persons to then apostolic prefect to Spanish Sahara Félix Erviti Barcelona, Bassiri was executed by a Spanish Legion patrol in the dunes surrounding El Aaiun on the night of 29 July 1970, although Spanish authorities of the time claimed that he had been expelled from the territory to Morocco on that date, moreover they also claimed later that Bassiri had entered Spanish Sahara illegally from Algeria in September 1970. Spanish colonial authorities even claimed in 1971 that Bassiri had died on the Skhirat coup d'état against Hassan II.

Present-day Sahrawi nationalists such as the Polisario Front honor him as the father of the modern Sahrawi independence struggle, as well as the first of the Sahrawi "disappeared" and a national martyr for the Liberty.

title: Muhammad Bassiri


text:
Singapore Improvement Trust

The Singapore Improvement Trust (SIT) is a former government organisation that was responsible for urban planning and urban renewal in Singapore. Formally established in 1927 under the Singapore Improvement Ordinance, it was modelled after similar organisations in India. The SIT initially carried out back lane improvement schemes and marking out unsanitary buildings for demolition, but began constructing public housing from 1935. After 1945, the SIT initially focused its efforts on the repair of its residential developments. It resumed constructing public housing in 1947 but was unable to keep up with demand. The SIT was also involved in the development of a "Master Plan", which set out Singapore's developmental direction, from 1952 to 1958. In the late 1950s, plans were set out to replace the SIT with two departments—housing and planning—culminating in two bills that were passed in 1959. With the establishment of the successor organisations by the government of Singapore, the Housing and Development Authority and the Planning Authority, in 1960, the SIT was dissolved.

The SIT consisted of a Board of Trustees, two staff, and additional workers to conduct maintenance work, along with an Estates Department, established in 1947, which handled the land and developments of the organisation. A property tax known as the Improvement Rate, rent revenue and government loans financed the SIT's projects. SIT assigned flats to applicants using a points system.

Background
In the early 20th century, Singapore was experiencing rapid expansion and development, and the local government was unable to handle significant town improvement schemes. A 1907 report by a public health commissioner called for the construction of back lanes to facilitate the removal of human waste. The municipal authorities subsequently took up such work. A report by a housing commission in 1918 recommended that Singapore's urban planning be handled by a trust, similar to what had been done in India.

In light of these developments, the Singapore Improvement Trust was established as a department of the Municipal Commission in 1920, and was intended to control housing and planning in Singapore. Initially, the SIT carried out surveys of partially developed and undeveloped plots, surveys for road widening, and work on back lanes. Planning for urban renewal and housing schemes commenced in 1925. Nevertheless, the resources and powers provided to the SIT proved insufficient for it to carry out urban renewal. Moreover, a draft Town Improvement and Development bill that was to facilitate the SIT's work in town planning was rejected by the Singapore colonial government in 1924, leaving the position of the SIT unclear.

After a committee report noted the SIT's necessity a bill to form the SIT as an independent organisation was prepared from June 1924. The resulting bill, the Singapore Town Improvement Bill, was introduced to the Legislative Council in February 1927.

Establishment
The Singapore Improvement Ordinance, signed into law on 1 July 1927, formally established the SIT. Its purpose was "to provide for the Improvement of the Town and Island of Singapore". The Ordinance applied to both the town and island of Singapore except for areas occupied by the British military. Upon its establishment, the SIT was tasked to prepare the "General Town Plan", using survey data to produce plans for different parts of Singapore; it was frequently amended and updated.

The SIT soon started work on what The Straits Times claimed was to be a model housing scheme at the Lavender Street—Serangoon Road intersection, and land clearance in Tiong Bahru. In addition, the SIT constructed parks and open spaces near densely populated areas, carried out planning for the expansion and construction of roads and back lanes, and marked out buildings that were unsuitable to house people for demolition without compensating the owners. In 1931, the SIT carried out a scheme to construct houses for artisans in the Balestier Road area, thereby providing workers with sanitary and affordable residential facilities.

The 1930s and 1940s
In 1935, the SIT declared several buildings on Bugis Street too unsanitary for people to live in and ordered them razed. The owners of the buildings disputed the order, bringing the case to the Supreme Court in January 1935, and to the Privy Council in 1937. The SIT lost the case, so such declarations were no longer carried out as they were regarded as too difficult.

In February 1935, the SIT started work on public housing in Tiong Bahru. The first flats were completed and occupied by December 1936, with additional buildings constructed through 1937. Additional flat construction schemes on New Bridge Road and Banda Street were initiated by 1937. The SIT had completed around 2,000 flats by the time of the Japanese invasion.

During the Japanese Occupation, the SIT's functions were handled by the Japanese authorities, who conducted negligible upkeep on the SIT's properties. Thus, these properties were in extremely poor condition by the end of Japanese rule, and the SIT spent the first few years after the Occupation refurbishing them. Checks were also conducted on the SIT flats to verify whether they were still occupied by their actual owners and to survey the damage to the buildings. Work on new housing was only initiated in April 1947, with the construction of a block of flats at Owen Road. The SIT also announced a $7 million plan to build new housing in October 1947.

Nevertheless, the SIT's provision of housing had issues. In March 1948, a Malaya Tribune reporter claimed the rents for flats were unaffordable for the working class. The construction of flats proceeded far too slowly to keep up with demand, as noted by the SIT's acting manager in 1949. In addition, the Singapore Housing Committee's report, released in 1948, called for the government to take over the SIT to justify its spending of government monies, and for the production of a "Master Plan" setting out the path of Singapore's future development.

The Master Plan and further public housing works
In 1952, the SIT began work on a Master Plan for Singapore, which was submitted to the Singapore government for approval in 1955. This plan made several recommendations regarding the zoning and transport infrastructure in Singapore, such as an improved road network and the construction of new towns that could function separately from the city. The Master Plan was shown to the public in 1956, and implemented from 1958, guiding land use and development in Singapore over the following years.

With the SIT's focus on housing, it could no longer carry out significant urban renewal. Moreover, the opposition of the kampong residents hampered the clearance of kampongs on SIT land to facilitate the construction of housing. The reasons for this included the high rental cost or the undesirable location of flats offered by the SIT as compensation, along with more aggressive opposition by secret society members. This resulted in the failure of clearance efforts at Kampong Henderson and Covent Garden in the mid- and late-1950s respectively.

The flats built by the SIT were expensive to build, so it started constructing cheaper "emergency" flats from 1953. Intended to house kampong dwellers displaced by fires, these flats were initially poorly received, so the SIT did not engage in large-scale "emergency" flat construction until 1958. The "emergency" flat programme only succeeded after the Kampong Tiong Bahru fire in 1959. The SIT acquired the fire site and instead of selling the flats as it had previously done, rented the flats out to displaced kampong residents.

Dissolution
In 1955, the Committee on Local Government recommended that the SIT be scrapped, and housing be handled by an agency managed by a government-appointed board. Consequently, by June 1956, plans had been set in motion to transfer the SIT's housing and planning responsibilities to a dedicated agency and the Ministry of Local Government Lands and Housing respectively. Two bills, the Housing and Development Bill and the Planning Bill, regarding the formation of a Housing and Development Authority and a Planning Authority in place of the SIT, were read to the Legislative Assembly in 1958, and were passed by January 1959.

With the passing of the two bills, two ordinances, the Planning Ordinance and the Housing and Development Ordinance, took effect in February 1960, establishing the two successor authorities, and the SIT ceased operations on 1 February 1960.

Organisational structure
As of 1952, the SIT was composed of a Board of Trustees, a Senior Staff with 24 officers, a Subordinate Staff with over 200 personnel, as well as around 300 workers who acted as supervisors or carried out maintenance. Initially, the Board had nine trustees, four of which were appointed either by the governor or from the Rural Board or City Council to three-year terms, while the other five were ex officio trustees. In order to provoke more interest in housing issues, an additional two nominated trustees were added in 1938, bringing the total number of trustees to eleven.

With the expansion of the SIT's housing schemes in the late 1940s, an Estates Department was set up in 1947 to take care of the organisation's properties. Initially made up of eleven staff, the department experienced yearly expansion to cope with the increase in housing construction, and had 70 personnel by 1952. The department's responsibilities included the management of land owned by the SIT and tenancies, in addition to property management. The SIT was reorganised into three departments, the Buildings, Planning and Management departments, in November 1959.

A housing register was also set up in 1947 to handle the allocation of new flats, but owing to overwhelming demand, allocation was shifted to a points system by the end of 1947. This points system took into account factors such as overcrowding and family size.

For funding, the SIT initially relied mainly on the Improvement Rate, funds from the government, and rental incomes. The Improvement Rate was a fee imposed on all properties in Singapore as part of the Improvement Ordinance, and has a value equivalent to a percentage of the property's annual value. The funds provided by the government to the SIT were of equivalent value to the SIT's earnings from the Improvement Rate. Nevertheless, by the late 1940s, the funds from these sources did not cover the costs of the housing projects that the SIT was undertaking, so loans were taken from the government to cover the increased expenditure.

title: Singapore Improvement Trust


text:
National Law University, Jodhpur

National Law University, Jodhpur (NLUJ) is a public law school and a National Law University established under the National Law University, Jodhpur, Act, 1999 enacted by the Rajasthan State Legislature. The university was established for the advancement of learning, teaching, research and diffusion of knowledge in the field of law. It is one of the autonomous law schools in India.

The university is recognized by the Bar Council of India, as well as the University Grants Commission under Section 12 (B) of the UGC Act, 1956, and is a member of the Association of Indian Universities.

History
The idea for the establishment of a National Law University in every state was recommended by Justice Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi in his 1994 committee report as a way to improve the standard and quality of legal education in India.

The recommendations were finally implemented and National Law University, Jodhpur was set up in November 1999 by the passing of the National Law University Act, 1999 by the State Legislature of Rajasthan under the leadership of N.L. Mitra the founding Vice-Chancellor.

Since the establishment, the university has seen four Vice-Chancellors, Dr. Harpreet Kaur, a professor and registrar of National Law University, Delhi being the latest, who took over charge from Dr. Poonam Pradhan Saxena in 2023 and has been the Vice-Chancellor ever since.

The first UG and PG batch of the university was admitted in 2001, with the Undergraduate batch passing out in 2006 and the first convocation of the university taking place in 2007, the same was attended by Bhairon Singh Shekhawat the then Vice-president of India and the then Governor of Rajasthan and former President of India Pratibha Patil.

Important Events

 * The university decided to stop offering the BSc LL.B. (Hons.) Undergraduate degree from the Academic Year 2016–17.
 * The Rajasthan State Legislature in 2022 by amending the National Law University, Jodhpur Act, set a 2 Term maximum limit and a higher age limit of 70 for the position of the Vice Chancellor,(whichever is earlier) and made it compulsory for the Registrar of the university to be an Indian Administrative Service or a Super time Scale Rajasthan Administrative Service Officer.

Response to the pandemic
The University on 14 March 2020 decided to suspend all classes till 31 March 2020 because of the state directives, the same was extended indefinitely due to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the nation and the classes shifted to an online medium. Unfortunately, one student succumbed to COVID-19 during this time, which led to student protests against the Vice-Chancellor and the university administration.

The university started conducting online classes for the first-year Undergraduate students immediately after the declaration of the CLAT results to make up for the time lost due to the late conduction of the entrance examination.

The 14th Convocation of the university happened virtually and was streamed on YouTube. The 15th Convocation of the university was canceled entirely due to the spread of the Omicron COVID-19 variant.

The university after deferring the decision to reopen once finally decided on 17 February 2022 to reopen the university in a hybrid mode from 1/03/2022 for all the students, keeping in mind the Rajasthan Government guidelines and the COVID-19 situation.

Courses and curriculum
NLUJ currently offers following courses:

 * B.B.A./B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) Flagship Integrated Undergraduate Law Degree Program (5 Years/10 Semesters)
 * LL.M Master of Laws: Postgraduate Program (1 Year/2 Semesters)
 * MBA: Post-Graduate Program (2 Year/ 4 Semesters)
 * PGDM in Insurance Risk Management (1 Year/2 Semesters Diploma Program)
 * PhD and LL.D: Doctorate Program

B.A./B.B.A. LL.B (Hons.)
The university offers its flagship five-year integrated undergraduate program in two streams B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) and B.B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) Both are five year ten-semester courses with six subjects taught every semester and are open to students only on a fully residential basis. Admission to these courses is through the Common Law Admission Test.

The intake capacity of the undergraduate degree program is 104 students + 16 NRI/NRI Sponsored students with 15% and 7.5% seats being reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes respectively. 5% seats for Physically Handicapped students is also reserved in each category.

The Honors course is offered to fourth and fifth year students in the following streams:

 * Corporate Law
 * Trade and Investment Law
 * Criminal Law
 * Intellectual Property Law
 * Constitutional Law

LLM
The university offers a fully residential 1 Year (two-semester) LL.M. in Corporate Laws and Intellectual Property Rights. The selection for this program takes place through Common Law Admission Test (PG).

The intake capacity for the LL.M. program is 50 Students with 15%, 7.5% and 5% seats being reserved for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Specially Abled Persons respectively.

MBA
The university offers a four-semester fully residential M.B.A. program with specialization in Insurance.

The intake capacity for the MBA program is 40 Students with 15%, 7.5% and 3% seats being reserved for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Physically Handicapped candidates respectively.

The selection for this program happens based on two factors which are taken together to decide the merit.

 * 50% weightage for marks obtained in graduate program.
 * 50% weightage for marks in various qualifying exams like CAT, CMAT or MAT based on a scale decided by the university.

PGDM
The University offers a 1 Year/2 Semester Post-Graduate Diploma (PGDM) in Insurance Risk Management.

Doctorate
The university offers LL.D. and PhD programs at a doctorate level.

The university conducts a National Level examination each year for the selection of candidates for the PhD program, which is followed by a personal interview, candidates who have qualified UGC-NET and JRF are exempt from the written exam.

Rankings
The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked it 8th among law colleges in 2021.

Publications
The university with the help of students and faculty publishes many high quality academic journals, a full list of the various journals published by the NLUJ is here-under:

 * NLUJ Law Review: It is the flagship journal of the university. It is a bi-annual, double-blind student reviewed, and student-edited journal focusing on an inter-disciplinary approach towards legal writing. The Board of Editors consists of two faculty editors and a board of student editors at the university.
 * Trade Law & Development: It is a student-run journal launched by the university in 2009. TL&D seeks to explore interdisciplinary perspectives on world trade, international law, environment and development. The Journal is published twice a year, both online and in print.
 * Journal on Corporate Law and Governance
 * The Comparative Constitutional Law and Administrative Law Journal (ISSN: 2582-9807) ["CALJ"]: It is the flagship journal of the Centre for Constitutional Law and Administrative Law, published under the guidance of Prof. (Dr.) I.P Massey, Dean, Faculty of Law, National Law University Jodhpur. It is an open-access online journal published bi-annually, aiming to foster debate on contemporary issues in comparative constitutional law and administrative law, with a comparative perspective. The first issue of CALJ was published in 2013. The issues of CALJ are indexed on SCCOnline and Manupatra.

MOUs and Collaboration
The university has signed many MOUs and collaborated with many different educational institutions and organizations, the list of various MOUs and Collaborations are:

 * Freiburg University, Germany
 * School of Law, Kings College, University of London. U.K.
 * Ural State Law Academy, Russia
 * Beijing Union University China
 * Institute of Management Technology-Centre for Distance Learning, Ghaziabad
 * University of Arizona, James E. Rogers College of Law
 * University of Johannesburg (Faculty of Law), South Africa
 * NLU-IIT-AIIMS (Knowledge Exchange Agreement): This agreement was signed on 4 April 2013.
 * The University of New Hampshire School of Law
 * NLUJ-MNLU Mumbai
 * German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)
 * US Education Foundation, New Delhi
 * Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute, New Delhi
 * Commonwealth of Learning, Vancouver
 * Construction Industry Arbitration Council, New Delhi
 * NLUJ-Election Commission of India (IIIDEM)
 * Bureau of Police Research and Development, New Delhi
 * National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar

Endowments and Chairs

 * Reserve Bank of India: The regulatory body has granted the university a Corpus Fund of Rs. 40,00,000/- to help the Centre of Studies in Banking and Finance conduct research on various issues pertaining to the economy and contemporary financial issues.
 * New India Assurance Co. Ltd: The public sector general insurance company has contributed Rs. 40,00,000/- to establish a chair at the university to encourage research.
 * General Insurance Corporation: The Public Sector Reinsurance company has contributed Rs. 35,00,000/- to establish an insurance chair at the university.
 * Dushyant Dave: The Supreme Court Senior Advocate has granted Rs. 10,00,000/- for the development of the University Library.
 * Ministry of Human Resource Development: The Intellectual Property Rights chair was established by the Government of India in the university under the IPERPO scheme during the 11th Five Year Plan.

Foreign Funding

 * Eurasian Foundation: The Non-Profit Organization has sanctioned US$20,000/- to run a course in the university for its students and international scholars titled "Building Peace Communities in Asia".

Research
National Law University, Jodhpur has established the following Centers with a view to facilitate students in understanding the intricacies of legal research, corporate work culture and develop insight in alternative forms of learning on academic and corporate subjects:

 * Centre for Advanced Research & Training in Arbitration Law – CARTAL
 * Centre of Risk Management and Derivatives (CRMD)
 * Centre for Human Rights, Women Empowerment and Child Development
 * Centre for Corporate Governance (CCG)
 * Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resources Law & Policy
 * Centre for IP Studies
 * Centre for Human Resources Initiatives and Industrial Relations Studies (CHRIIRS)
 * Centre for Human Welfare and Empowerment
 * Centre for Tax Law (CTL)
 * Centre for Studies in Capital Market
 * Centre on Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation
 * Centre for Policy & Research in International Law
 * Centre for Human Rights of Children and Institutional Law Development (CHILD)
 * Centre for Gender Studies
 * Centre for Legal Theory
 * Research Centre on Transactional Law (RECENT LAW)
 * BRICS Law Institute
 * Mahatma Gandhi Centre for Civilisational and Peace Study
 * Centre for Family Law (CFL)

The university also conducts several short and medium-term orientations, training and refresher courses for NGOs, Government officials and public administrators, local self-Government, legal professionals including members of the bar and the bench, other administrative authorities and corporate officials.

Moot Courts and Students' Achievements
Moot Courts are needed for legal education today and they are well integrated into the curriculum of the university. They are a part of the university's culture both internally and externally. On the external side, since its establishment, the university has been hosting the M.M. Singhvi Bar Council of India Trust Moot Court Competition, organized to commemorate the memory of the late M.M. Singhvi, a lawyer in India. The Competition is organized under the aegis of the M.M. Singhvi Memorial Trust and the Bar Council of India. Teams from almost all law colleges in the country participate in the Competition and since 2007, the competition has turned international with even teams from outside India participating in the Competition.

The university also hosted the North Indian rounds of the Stetson Environmental Law Moot Court Competition, which is another Moot Court Competition. Apart from this, the university has also hosted the Surana & Surana National Corporate Law Moot Court Competition which is sponsored by Surana and Surana.

The first national competition was won in 2004 when the team composed of Manmeet Singh Rai ('08) and Sagarika Chakraborty ('08) won the national rounds of the Louis M. Brown Client Counseling Competition held at the Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur. The team subsequently represented India at the World finals of the Louis M. Brown Client Counseling Competition at Glasgow.

Since then the university has been victorious at the Susan J. Ferrell Inter-cultural Human Rights Moot Court Competition conducted by the St. Thomas University, Florida, in January 2007. The team composed of Anil Raj ('07), Gauarav Solanki ('07), Reshma Khan ('08), Kunal Mehta ('08) and Riddhi Sancheti ('09) secured the first position and also the second-best memorial prize. Also, Reshma Khan and Riddhi Sancheti were awarded the "Best Oralist" and the "Third Best Oralist" respectively.

The university has qualified six times to represent India at the Shearman and Sterling Rounds (White and Case Rounds since the 2009–10 edition) of the elite Jessup Moot Court Competition (2005–06, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2015–16, 2018–19) and was Octa-Finalist in most of these Editions, also winning various memorial and speaker citations.

In 2009, for the second year in running the university qualified for the International Criminal Court Moot Court Competition to be held in Hague in 2010. They bagged the award for the 'Best Victims' Counsel' in the 2010 edition. Only two teams from India had qualified for this competition.

In 2009, two members of the team representing the University at the Investment Law Arbitration Moot held at Frankfurt, Germany bagged honorable mentions for their speaking.

Teams from the university have received the Sarah Derrington Achievement Award twice at the International Maritime Law Moot Court Competition, Perth.

Students from the university (teams comprising Joydeep Sarkar ('09), Kartikeya Saran ('09) and Nupur Kabra ('08) in 2008; Rishabh Chopra ('10), Shashank Prabhat Kumar ('10) and Meghana Sharafudeen ('11) in 2009; Arjun Mital ('13), Zara Kaiser ('13 and Gargi Mishra ('13) in 2012; Bharatendu Agarwal ('13), Preeti Chockalingam ('13) and Namrata Amarnath ('14) in 2013 and Ninni Thomas ('15), Aphune Kezo ('14) in 2014) have also been selected to represent India at five editions of the Jean Pictet Competition on International Humanitarian Law. It also has been a consistent performer in the All India Bar Council Moot Court Competition.

Court Room Exercises(CREs)

NLUJ is the only National Law University to have Moot courts as a part of its educational curriculum. Students are required to draft memorials and subsequently participate in oral proceedings in every law subject per semester.

Legal Aid Clinic
The Legal Aid Clinic of National Law University, Jodhpur spreads legal awareness amongst the rural masses of Rajasthan through educational street plays and free legal advice.

Following the Government of India's initiative of Smart Village, the Legal Aid and Awareness Committee of the University has adopted the nearby village of Surpura and has been working extensively towards the development of public facilities and basic infrastructure of the village.

College committees
The following seven committees are student run and organize various events that take place in the university:

 * Academic Support & Literary Committee
 * Alternative Dispute Resolution Committee
 * Cultural Committee
 * Legal Aid and Awareness Committee
 * Moot Court Committee
 * Sports Committee
 * Students Career Counseling & Placement Bureau

Yuvardha
This event is the university's biennial Inter Law College Sports fest organized by the Sports Committee since 2009, with many law universities from across India participating in this sports fest, the fifth edition of Yuvardha saw a participation of over 800 students. The main highlight of the fest is that no first round matchup is an elimination round.

As of December, 2023 the university has hosted seven editions of this fest with the last one being Yuvardha VII which was hosted in October 2023.

NH-65
The Cultural Committee and the Academic Support and Literary Committee of NLUJ have been organizing this biennial Inter Law College Literary and Cultural Fest since 2010, this event derived its name from the location of the University on National Highway-65.

As of May, 2022 the university has hosted five editions of this fest with the last one being hosted in October, 2018.

IT Infrastructure
National Law University provides 24*7 Internet access to every student. It has subscribed to various online Law and other libraries like Westlaw (India and UK), Jstor, Hein Online, Lexis Nexis, Economic and Political Weekly, Kluwer Arbitration, Kluwer Online, SCC Online and Manupatra which makes it easier for students to find relevant research work.

The university also provides access to Turnitin which is an anti-plagiarism software to all the students.

The Local Area Network (LAN) provides connectivity to the entire campus including the Halls of Residence. Wireless Internet connectivity is also provided throughout the campus.

Graduate Outcomes
Students who have graduated from NLUJ have pursued many diverse range of careers, some of them are as follows:

Domestic Corporate Law Firms
The average package for students opting for corporate law is around Rs. 14-18 lakhs. With many top Indian law firms like Shardul Amarchand Mangaldas, Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas, Khaitan & Co. and AZB & Partners recruiting from the university.

International Law Firms
International Law Firms and Magic Circle firms like Allen and Overy, Clifford Chance, Herbert Smith and Linklaters have offered vacation schemes to Under Graduate students with packages ranging between Rs. 28 lakh to Rs. 30 lakh per annum.

Private Companies/Institutions
Many Students have also joined Financial Institutions and private companies as consultants/lawyers, like ICICI Bank, Ernst & Young, Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank.

Government Jobs
Students have also joined many Public Sector Undertakings and Regulatory Bodies like SEBI, Indian Oil Corporation, Bharat Heavy Electrical and National Thermal Power Corporation. Students also opt to prepare for Civil Services and Judicial Services Examinations of various states with many getting selected as Judges and Bureaucrats and serving across the country.

Litigation
Many students also opt for Litigation in the various High Courts and the Supreme Court of India.

Academia
The students graduating the universities have received offers for higher studies from universities like King’s College, Georgetown University, Leiden University, Northwestern University, the London School of Economics and Political Science, the University of California, Los Angeles, the University of Cambridge, the University of Oxford, Vanderbilt University, Warwick University and many more institutions of eminence.

title: National Law University, Jodhpur


text:
Pi Aquarii

Pi Aquarii, Latinized from π Aquarii, is the Bayer designation for a binary star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. This system has an apparent visual magnitude of a mean apparent magnitude of +4.57. Based upon parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of roughly 780 ly from Earth. It is drifting further away with a radial velocity of $84.07 days$.

This is a binary star system with an orbital period of 84.1 days. The primary component is a B1 giant or subgiant star. This is a large star with nearly eleven times the mass and over six times the radius of the Sun. Pi Aquarii shines about 7,300 times as brightly as the Sun. This energy is being radiated from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of $≥0.96 AU$, giving it the blue-hued glow of a B-type star. It is spinning rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of $2,450,318.5 JD$. The nature of the secondary is unknown; some analyses have suggested it is an A- or F-type main-sequence star, but the possibility of a white dwarf has not been ruled out.

Pi Aquarii is notable for having undergone a transition from a Be star (showing hydrogen emission lines) into an ordinary B-type star. It is classified as a Gamma Cassiopeiae type variable star and its brightness varies from magnitude +4.45 to +4.71; a range of 0.28. The dominant variability period, $16.7$ days, is nearly the same as the orbital period. Pi Aquarii has a reasonable chance of becoming a supernova some day.

In culture
Pi Aquarii was called Seat by Grotius in the 17th century, but the name has rarely been used since.

In Chinese, 墳墓 (Fén Mù), meaning Tomb, refers to an asterism consisting of π Aquarii, γ Aquarii, ζ Aquarii, η Aquarii. Consequently, the Chinese name for π Aquarii itself is 墳墓四 (Fén Mù sì, the Fourth Star of Tomb.)

In the catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi al Mouakket, this star was designated Wasat al Achbiya (وسط الأخبية - wasath al ahbiyah), which was translated into Latin as Media Tabernaculorum, meaning the middle of luck of the homes (tents). This star, along with γ Aqr (Sadachbia), ζ Aqr (Sadaltager / Achr al Achbiya) and η Aqr (Hydria), were al Aḣbiyah (الأخبية), the Tent.

title: Pi Aquarii