text:
USS Lamson (DD-367)

The third USS Lamson (DD-367) was a Mahan-class destroyer of the United States Navy; named for Roswell Hawkes Lamson. She served in the Pacific during World War II. Lamson participated in the Battle of Tassafaronga, and remained undamaged until hit by a Japanese kamikaze during the recapture of the Philippines. Lamson was sunk during the Operation Crossroads atomic weapons tests at Bikini Atoll in 1946.

History
Lamson was laid down 20 March 1934 by Bath Iron Works Corp., Bath, Maine; launched 17 June 1936; sponsored by Miss Francis W. Andrews; and commissioned 21 October 1936.

After shakedown in the Atlantic and Caribbean, Lamson departed Norfolk, Virginia 16 June 1937 for the Pacific. Arriving San Diego, California, 1 July, the destroyer performed exercises and tactical training operations until she sailed for Pearl Harbor 5 October 1939. Lamson continued training operations from her Hawaiian base for the next 2 years.

She was returning to Pearl Harbor from patrol duty during the Japanese attack 7 December 1941. After a search for the Japanese task force, the destroyer patrolled Hawaiian waters and steamed to Johnston Island to rescue civilians. Departing Pearl Harbor 6 January 1942, Lamson arrived Pago Pago, Samoa, 2 weeks later for ASW patrols, then was assigned to the ANZAC Squadron in the South Pacific.

During early March she arrived in the Fiji Islands to join the expanded ASW screen which was formed to keep the South Pacific supply lines open. After 6 months of patrol and screening operations, Lamson saw action 22 October when, with Mahan, she attacked Japanese picket boats stationed between Gilbert and Ellice Islands. The two destroyers made a coordinated attack beating off enemy air raids and sank two enemy craft.

On 30 November, Lamson joined Rear Admiral Wright's Task Force 67 during the Battle of Tassafaronga. One Japanese destroyer was sunk and one damaged while the American force lost one cruiser and three damaged. Lamson returned to operate in the South Pacific for the next 8 months, screening convoys en route to Guadalcanal. Constantly at sea on patrol and ASW screen, the destroyer assisted other units as they paved the way for the Allied advance across the Pacific.

Arriving Milne Bay 19 August 1943, Lamson joined Destroyer Squadron 5, the forerunner of the mighty 7th Fleet, to engage in the New Guinea operations. In the landings at Lae and Finschhafen during September, she joined in the preinvasion bombardment, gave fire support after the landings, and escorted to the island reinforcement convoys needed to spearhead the drive toward Japan.

After 2 months of escort duty, Lamson joined three other destroyers 29 November and penetrated 160 miles into enemy territory to bombard Madang, the main Japanese naval base on New Guinea. On 15 December she engaged in preinvasion bombardment of Arawe, New Britain, and, during the landings at Cape Gloucester 11 days later, downed two "Vals". Continuing the New Guinea operation, the destroyer bombarded Saidor 2 January 1944.

After a brief overhaul at Mare Island and training at Pearl Harbor, Lamson arrived at Eniwetok 8 August to join the 5th Fleet. For the next 2 months she engaged in patrol duty and ASW screen in the Marshall Islands before reassignment to the 7th Fleet.

Departing Hollandia 25 October, Lamson steamed to the Philippines to serve as picket, patrol and screening ship for the massive Leyte assault. Throughout November the destroyer beat off numerous suicide plane attacks aimed at convoys bringing supplies to the Philippines. According to the ships action report, while screening a convoy off Ormoc Bay on 7 December 1944, Lamson downed two "Dinahs" before a "Tony" made a fast low approach on the starboard quarter and struck the ships number two stack with its right wing and spun around crashing into the after port corner of the transmission room. Four men were killed and seventeen wounded.

She arrived at the Puget Sound Navy Yard 16 January 1945 for extensive repairs. Returning Eniwetok 10 May, Lamson operated for the rest of the war on patrol and air-sea rescue work off Iwo Jima. A fitting climax to Lamson's fine war record came on 3 September, when she arrived at Chichi Jima to supervise the surrender of the Bonin Islands. Following occupation duty at Sasebo, Japan for 1 month, the destroyer departed Japan 29 October for San Diego, arriving there 29 November.

Fate
However, Lamson was still destined to play a valuable role in America's progress as she arrived at Bikini Atoll later in May 1946 to participate in Operation Crossroads. The destroyer was sunk in Test Able, the atomic explosion 2 July 1946.

Honors and awards

 * Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with five battle stars
 * World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg World War II Victory Medal
 * Army of Occupation ribbon.svg Navy Occupation Service Medal with Asia Clasp

title: USS Lamson (DD-367)


text:
User:Pgk/monobook.js

importScript('User:Lupin/popups.js'); importScript('User:AzaToth/morebits.js'); importScript('Wikipedia:WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/Add LI menu'); importStylesheet('Wikipedia:WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/Add LI menu/css'); importScript('User:AzaToth/twinklewarn.js');

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Pgk/monobook.js


text:
Midgic, New Brunswick

Midgic is a rural community in Westmorland County, New Brunswick, Canada.

Located in the Sackville Parish approximately 8 kilometres east of Sackville, Midgic defines the eastern boundary of the Tantramar Marshes. Population: Approximately 300

title: Midgic, New Brunswick


text:
Video scaler

A video scaler is a system which converts video signals from one display resolution to another; typically, scalers are used to convert a signal from a lower resolution (such as 480p standard definition) to a higher resolution (such as 1080i high definition), a process known as "upconversion" or "upscaling" (by contrast, converting from high to low resolution is known as "downconversion" or "downscaling").

Video scalers are typically found inside consumer electronics devices such as televisions, video game consoles, and DVD or Blu-ray players, but can also be found in other AV equipment (such as video editing and television broadcasting equipment). Video scalers can also be completely separate devices, often providing simple video switching capabilities. These units are commonly found as part of home theatre or projected presentation systems. They are often combined with other video processing devices or algorithms to create a video processor that improves the apparent definition of video signals.

Video scalers are primarily a digital device; however, they can be combined with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC, or digitizer) and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to support analog inputs and outputs.

Process

The native resolution of a display is how many physical pixels make up each row and column of the visible area on the display's output surface. There are many different video signals in use which are not the same resolution (neither are all of the displays), thus some form of resolution adaptation is required to properly frame a video signal to a display device. For example, within the United States, there are NTSC, ATSC, and VESA video standards each with several different resolution video formats. Multiple common resolutions are also used for high-definition television; 720p, 1080i, and 1080p.

While scaling a video signal does allow it to match the size of a particular display, the process can result in an increased number of visual artifacts in the signal, such as ringing and posterization.

Scaling by television channels
Television channels which air a mixture of 16:9 (or high-definition) programming and 4:3 (or standard definition) programming may employ scaling and/or cropping in order to make the programming fill the entire screen, as opposed to pillarboxing the feed instead, in order to maintain consistency in format. Likewise, broadcasters downscale programming produced in 16:9 for broadcast on their 4:3 feeds through letterboxing—either as a full 16:9 letterbox, or a partial 14:9 letterbox—a technique used primarily by European broadcasters during the transition to digital terrestrial television. The Active Format Description standard is a system of variables defining various scaling, letterboxing, and pillarboxing states; broadcasting equipment and televisions can be configured to automatically switch to the appropriate state based on the AFD flag encoded in the content and the aspect ratio of the display.

When the U.S. cable network TNT introduced an HD feed in 2004, it controversially employed a stretching system known as FlexView (which was also offered to other broadcasters). FlexView used a nonlinear method to stretch more near the edges of the screen than in the center of it. The practice was imposed by the senior vice president of broadcast engineering at TNT, Clyde D. Smith, who argued that pillarboxing led to inconsistency between programs for viewers, could cause burn-in on plasma televisions, some older HDTVs could not stretch 4:3 content automatically, and the quality of stretching on some displays was poor. Despite TNT's intentions, the system was frequently criticized by viewers of high definition channels, with some nicknaming the effect "Stretch-O-Vision".

In 2014, FXX faced similar criticism for its use of cropping and scaling on reruns of The Simpsons (which only started producing episodes in HD beginning in its 20th season), as its cropping method caused various visual gags to be lost. In February 2015, FXX announced that in response to these complaints, it would present these episodes in their original 4:3 aspect ratio on its video-on-demand service.

Since about 2008, some networks and cable companies have run high-definition versions of old programing that was originally shot on film shown in the 4:3 format. This format always cropped the sides of the image. For example, syndicated broadcast stations and the cable network TBS air Seinfeld in HD. The series producer, Sony Pictures went to the 35mm film source, making new HD masters and cropping the top and bottom parts of the frame, while restoring the sides.

AI upscaling
In 2023, video upscaling products using generative artificial intelligence were previewed or released, such as NVIDIA's Video Super Resolution and Adobe's Project Res-Up. Unlike previous upscaling systems, these technologies generated new data based on provided video frames.

title: Video scaler


text: User talk:65.216.236.100

title: User talk:65.216.236.100


text: Category:Ships of Argentina

title: Category:Ships of Argentina


text: User talk:69.232.195.215

title: User talk:69.232.195.215


text:
Everyone into Position

Everyone into Position is the second studio album by British progressive/alternative rock band Oceansize, released on 19 September 2005 on Beggars Banquet. The album marked the final appearance of bassist Jon Ellis.

According to vocalist/guitarist Mike Vennart: "at the beginning of 'Ornament/The Last Wrongs' there are all these weird ambient noises and what it was is that a friend of ours was in the Amazon jungle and recorded all these parrots. They sounded like kids laughing and shouting, not parrots."

Use in media
"Music For A Nurse" was used in an ad campaign for Orange, while "Meredith" was used in an episode of the OC. Both "Music for a Nurse" and "Meredith" have also been used in the BBC drama series Waterloo Road. "Music For A Nurse" was used in the 2007 movie The Invisible during the ending and credits and was included on the soundtrack for the film.

Track listing

 * 1) "The Charm Offensive" – 7:19
 * 2) *Contains the hidden track "Emp(irical) Error" in the pregap of the track
 * 3) "Heaven Alive" – 6:20
 * 4) "A Homage to a Shame" – 5:52
 * 5) "Meredith" – 5:26
 * 6) "Music for a Nurse" – 8:16
 * 7) "New Pin" – 5:11
 * 8) "No Tomorrow" – 7:10
 * 9) "Mine Host" – 4:10
 * 10) "You Can't Keep a Bad Man Down" – 7:36
 * 11) "Ornament/The Last Wrongs" – 9:21

Personnel

 * Mike Vennart – vocals, guitar
 * Gambler – guitar
 * Steve Durose – guitar, vocals
 * Jon Ellis – bass
 * Mark Heron – drums

Production

 * Dan Austin – producer
 * Oceansize – producer
 * Dan Austin – engineer
 * Danton Supple – mixing
 * Rob Smith – mixing
 * Nick Webb – mastering
 * Seth Siro Anton – cover art

title: Everyone into Position


text: Template:Jock

title: Template:Jock


text:
Talk:Treasure (Cocteau Twins album)

Fair use rationale for Image:Treasure cover.jpg
Image:Treasure cover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 05:03, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

It seems...
...the tussle about dreampop/ethereal will never end.

Ethereal, ethereal goth, ethereal pop, ethereal rock are '80s terms. There is absolutely no doubt about it. '80s reviews and classified ads are full of this "ethereal thing". Dreampop doesn't appear in any '80s review (except for A.R. Kane, i guess, but only as a self-description).

"Ethereal wave" may be a strange term, but it's just an alternative term, primarily used in Central Europe. Of course it's unknown in the U.S., like "dark wave" itself (an European catch-all term for dark '80s new wave music). People know about darkwave because Projekt records used the term in the early '90s. They took it from the Germans (Hyperium records and German music magazines such as "Zillo").

But back to the point. The term variants are not important. Important is the meaning of the terms and, of course, the historical context. I mean it's really a simple fact that "ethereal" is older than "dreampop". And it is also a simple fact that "dreampop" was only a synonym of "shoegazing". Cocteau Twins were never shoegazing. --RivetHeadCulture (talk) 23:39, 6 March 2015 (UTC)

"simple fact" = RivetHeadCulture's personal, very subjective opinions.Greg Fasolino (talk) 01:10, 7 March 2015 (UTC)

 * So you call music magazines POV? You should know better. They are primary sources. Read Option music magazine, Sound Choice, Alternative Press etc. There was no "dreampop" in the '80s. It only desribed A.R. Kane's personal music. Dreampop became a synonym of shoegazing. And every fucking single source from the '90s underlines this fact. It didn't describe anything else. That's a historical fact, not "Rivet's POV". --RivetHeadCulture (talk) 09:07, 7 March 2015 (UTC)

No, what I meant was, the very idea that music genres are created/named only at the time they are formed or prevalent, and are never applied/used/accrued over time, or applied retroactively ("classical" music was not called "classical" when it was being created, to use the most basic and obvious example) is not only inaccurate, but is your personal POV. We've been over this ad nauseum. You seem vehemently and stubbornly set in the notion that genres are formed instantly and are then inviolate and unchanging in how they are defined or applied. That's never been true and never will be.Greg Fasolino (talk) 16:59, 7 March 2015 (UTC)

 * Gothic rock, trip hop, technopop (synthpop), drum & bass, house music and hundreds of other terms... Popular music is different from classical music. It is POV if you categorize a band retroactively. We have to accept the fact that there is no '80s source for dreampop. Chameleons, Dif Juz, Breathless, Durutti Column... They are post-punk bands, not dreampop. Dreampop is connected to shoegazing, a genre heavily influenced by noise pop. You call it POV. I call it well-sourced. It's that simple. --RivetHeadCulture (talk) 19:30, 7 March 2015 (UTC)

"Popular music is different from classical music." Says you. That's an opinion not a fact. " It is POV if you categorize a band retroactively." There are many popular music genres that are used "retroactively." Krautrock is a great example. Gothic rock is a great one. Trust me, it wasn't commonly used until about 1983, yet lots of records from 1979-82 are retroactively defined as goth. Doom metal is a great one. Not a term commonly used in the '70s yet bands like Sabbath and Pentagram define the term retroactively. Greg Fasolino (talk) 00:13, 8 March 2015 (UTC)

 * It is different. In my country, it's called "E-Musik" and "U-Musik". "U-Musik" includes short-living genres and trends, mostly subsumed under the term "popular music". "E-Musik" has a bigger historical and scientific background.
 * 1983? The music press called it "gothic" right from the beginning (Bauhaus, Joy Division, Siouxsie & The Banshees). Steven Severin himself described "Join Hands" as "gothic". Black Sabbath is considered proto-Doom, yes. But this is a scientific consensus. Not the POV of an unimportant Wikipedian. Treasure might be "dreampop" in some way. But it isn't generally accepted. It is and will remain the POV of some post-millennium teenagers who try to re-define an entire genre. --RivetHeadCulture (talk) 13:52, 9 March 2015 (UTC)

Music is art, not science. There's a difference :) You are confusing a random adjective with a "genre". They are not mutually equivalent. Genre names often start as an adjective, sometimes picked up right away into wide use, but often not used in a general sense to describe a genre until quite later. A few random uses of "gothic" by music critics in the 1979-81 period, as an adjective, does not mean it was a genre then. NOBODY considered those bands "goth" bands in 1981 because there was no such thing. There was no "gothic" genre. At the time, those bands were just considered post-punk. The term "goth" didn't coalesce into wide usage as a genre name until later. Don't believe me? Go buy some old issues from the 1980-81 period of the British music papers, Trouser Press, Creem, New York Rocker, etc., and you will find no mention of this as-yet-undefined genre. Consensus? Dreampop is a very, very popular genre term, so it's completely subjective on your part, in deriding those folks as "unimportant" but others as "scientific." That's wholly your personal biases. The 21,000 listeners using it on last.fm? (http://www.last.fm/tag/dream%20pop) Guess they are "unimportant". AllMusic critics? (http://www.last.fm/tag/dream%20pop) "unimportant" All the thousands of folks on Facebook who make sure to include the term in their pages, alongside shoegaze, because they recognize the two genres are related but not equivalent? (https://www.facebook.com/ShoegazeDreampop, https://www.facebook.com/ShoegazeDreamPopEthereal, https://www.facebook.com/shoegazr.de)...all "unimportant". You just don't personally like the term, and therefore try to make everyone else stop using a genre name we all find useful and meaningful as listeners, musicians and journalists. I will continue to refute your assertions....I am not a teenager, will be 50 this summer and I bought "Treasure" the day it was released. Have a dreampoppy day! :) Greg Fasolino (talk) 16:46, 9 March 2015 (UTC)

 * "Gothic' has become a somewhat overworked definition of the genre, but the effect of Joy Division is the same as ...that of the Banshees." — Penny Kiley, October 1979

 * I don't really care about genre terms. Call it dreampop, call it panty fart or dog turd. I don't care. If i translate Dreampop or Ethereal Wave into my language, it sounds like a load of New Age cheese. I didn't invent and i didn't popularize those terms. I didn't add dreampop to the infobox and i didn't remove it.
 * I also don't care about LastFM and all this stuff. And i'm really not a fan of AllMusic. It's non-serious and unencyclopedic, not a reliable source.

 * And again. Yes, i know who you are. But let's be more realistic, Greg. You are one of a few older people who support this re-defined dreampop thing. Most supporters are guys in their twenties. In the heyday of dreampop, they pooped in their diapers and spat spinach at their mothers' face. --RivetHeadCulture (talk) 19:56, 9 March 2015 (UTC)

Canadian release
the Canadian lp release of Treasure included the Aikea-Guinea ep as a bonus disc, complete with heavy cardstock cover

I can see the Canadian cassette also included the four songs from that ep, but mixed into the Treasure tracklisting

don't know if any other countries released Treasure in the same way, but that's how we knew it in Canada in the 80s

J Edward Malone (talk) 18:13, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Treasure (Cocteau Twins album)


text:
Army Base Repair Organisation

The Army Base Repair Organisation (ABRO) was an executive agency which reported to the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence. It provided engineering, repair and re-manufacturing services to the British Armed Forces and also to the police and some local councils. ABRO traced its history back to the foundation of the Corps of Armourers in 1858.

History
On 1 April 1993, the Army's static workshops in Great Britain, previously under the control of the Equipment Support Organisation, were reorganised as the Army Base Repair Organisation. It comprised the headquarters at Andover, a contract repair branch and a network of base and district workshops. It employed 3,581 civilian workers and 219 military staff.

Apart from the HQ at Andover, there were other major units at Bovington, Old Dalby, Leics, Catterick, Colchester, Donnington, Stirling and Warminster. Smaller sites were located at Bicester, Edinburgh, Sennybridge and York.

On 1 April 2002, the Army Base Repair Organisation was established as a trading fund under the name ABRO.

Its services included:
 * Maintenance, repair and overhaul
 * Complex service and repair
 * Assembly, integration and test
 * Calibration
 * Diagnostics
 * Fleet management
 * Mobile support teams
 * Obsolescence management
 * Re-manufacture
 * Workshop management

ABRO's annual turnover was typically in excess of £147 million and each year carried out work on over 1,000 product lines of military and commercial vehicles and equipment, as well as over 55,000 ad hoc repair tasks.

On 22 May 2007, it was announced by the Minister of State for Defence Equipment and Support, Lord Drayson, that ABRO would be merged with DARA, the Defence Aviation Repair Agency to become the Defence Support Group with effect from 1 April 2008.

title: Army Base Repair Organisation


text:
User:The Liefeld Troll

Formerly 65.220.54.20

title: User:The Liefeld Troll


text: User talk:81.98.9.195

title: User talk:81.98.9.195


text:
Talk:The Fugitive (1993 film)

Plot details
There are only so many ways to say the same thing twice. Numerous discussions have taken place regarding the plot summary. See Archive 2 in particular as an example. As per WP:FilmPlot, the policy clearly states: The plot summary is an overview of the film's main events, so avoid minutiae like dialogue, scene-by-scene breakdowns, individual jokes, and technical detail.

These particular plot points among others fall into that category:

 * The marshals deduce that Kimble has returned by analyzing a recording of a phone call he made from a phone booth, which includes sounds of the Chicago elevated train.

 * A hospital worker raises the alarm but Kimble escapes.

 * Kimble visits a man with a prosthetic arm in jail, but realizes he is not the man who killed his wife.

 * Gerard discovers him but loses him in a street parade.

 * Kimble calls Gerard from the house and leaves, knowing the police will trace the call.

 * Gerard follows Kimble's lead to Sykes' home, interviews Sykes, and becomes suspicious.

Moovi (talk) 04:40, 08 October 2015 (UTC)

 * Yo. I'm very familiar with WP:FilmPlot, and in fact I spend a great deal of my time on Wikipedia deleting things from overwritten, overdetailed plot summaries. I even contributed to this user essay on streamlining plot summaries. You might have noticed that a couple of days ago I did a pass on this article's summary to remove superfluous words and details (like the fact that the bus crash results in dead and wounded, for example). What I'm trying to say is that I'm sympathetic with your position.

 * ... But! This is a rare case where I think a summary could afford to go into more detail. Having recently watched the movie, I was surprised at how the summary glosses over details, particularly the middle act. For example, I think it's really worth mentioning the mechanisms behind the cat-and-mouse game, and mentioning that Gerard interviews Sykes. And considering we're 250-ish words under the summary limit, I think we can afford it. But that's just my feeling, and if other editors disagree, no biggie. Popcornduff (talk) 06:23, 8 October 2015 (UTC)

 * Understood. That's how you and me feel. Like we could add a few points of technical detail and dialogue content to really comprehend what's going on. However, to understand as a whole the concept of the story, Wikipedia in general feels that it's not necessary. Some person reading this article for the very first time doesn't need those additives to understand the plot. All they require is a gist of what's going on. That's why those guidelines were set forth to begin with. I've read hundreds of other plots where I didn't really care about the scene-by-scene playbacks. I just wanted to know the general story. Those minutae conflict with that aspect. Awhile back, in Talk Archive 2, it was thoroughly discussed. Moovi (talk) 12:02, 08 October 2015 (UTC)

DrRichardKimble.com
Just saw the episode DrRichardKimble.com from the 2000-01 TV series.

For fun and curiousity I decided to try this URL for myself and it directed me to this Wikipedia article on the 1993 movie!49.3.72.79 (talk) 18:27, 16 January 2021 (UTC)

Where Charlie Nichols give Kimble some money and coat
Where Charlie Nichols give Kimble some money and coat 46.161.247.150 (talk) 19:11, 18 February 2022 (UTC)

"The Fugitive" is not a "franchise."
This sentence from the first paragraph bothers me: "It is the second release in the franchise." No. A franchise implies a direct sequel or a new adventure. "Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny" is part of a franchise. "Skyfall" is part of a franchise. 1993's "The Fugitive" is not. It's a remake. Yes? No? Blyonsnyc (talk) 22:49, 15 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Fugitive (1993 film)


text:
James Jackson (Georgia politician)

James Jackson (September 21, 1757 – March 19, 1806) was an early British-born Georgia politician of the Democratic-Republican Party. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1789 until 1791. He was also a U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1793 to 1795, and from 1801 until his death in 1806. In 1797 he was elected 23rd Governor of Georgia, serving from 1798 to 1801 before returning to the senate.

Early life
Jackson was born in Moretonhampstead, Devonshire, England. He immigrated at age 15 to Savannah, Georgia in 1772, and it was then that he became a ward of Savannah lawyer, John Wereat. As a young man, Jackson became well known as a duelist with a fiery temper; in February 1780 he killed Georgia governor George Wells in a duel. In 1785, he married Mary Charlotte Young, with whom he had five sons, four of whom later became prominent in the state's public affairs.

Revolutionary War
During the American Revolutionary War, he served in the 1st Brigade Georgia Militia at the defense of Savannah, the Battle of Cowpens, and the recapture of Augusta and Savannah.

When the British left Savannah in July 1782, General Anthony Wayne gave Jackson the privilege of receiving the keys to the city. Even after the Revolutionary War, Jackson remained an important and influential figure in the Georgia Militia; he participated in the expansionist drive against the Creek Nation in Georgia. Jackson eventually thus rose to the rank of brigadier general of Georgia's militia in 1786 and major general in 1792.

Political career
After the war, he built up his law practice in Savannah. Jackson was elected to the first Georgia state legislature in 1777 after he had been clerk of court in the Provincial Congress. His interest in the military was rekindled when he joined the Georgia militia in the defense of Georgia frontier settlers against Indian inhabitants. In 1788, Jackson was elected governor of Georgia but declined the position, citing his inexperience.

In 1789, Jackson was elected to the First United States Congress. Prior to his election, though, Jackson had to fight an uphill battle in one of Georgia's most contentious districts. The First District was the least populated district in the state, and the three-fifths ratio in counting slaves, the district was considered to have a population of over 16,000 individuals. The district in which Jackson ran for Congress was one of the most contested in the state. During the election, Jackson had to campaign against two popular people who had all served in Congress, William Houston and Henry Osborne. Jackson won the seat for the first district by a narrow margin, and the result was unsuccessfully challenged by Osborne. As a Jeffersonian Republican, he vigorously opposed Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton's financial plans for federal assumption of the states' debts from the Revolutionary War. Jackson opposed many of Hamilton’s plans on how to relieve the states of their debts from the Revolutionary War. One of the first plans that Hamilton proposed was that of placing a tax on spirits. The proposition received a resounding rebuttal from Jackson who said that it would "deprive the mass of the people of almost the only luxury they enjoy, that of distilled spirits."

It was originally suggested that the tax would be $0.15 per gallon tax, but Jackson countered that with a $0.12 per gallon tax. Jackson’s suggestion was denied so the bill was passed with the $0.15 per gallon tax on distilled spirits.

The next bill that Jackson and Hamilton fought over was the assumption of states’ debts from the war. Hamilton wanted to lump all of the states' debts from the Revolutionary War into one national debt in which the states all worked together to pay off the debt. Jackson strongly believed that states like Georgia that accumulated little debt during the war should not have to work to pay off other states' debts by paying more taxes. He was also strongly opposed to efforts to curtail slavery. He warned that ending slavery would "(...) light up the flame of civil discord for the people of the Southern States (...) they will never suffer themselves to be divested of their property without a struggle.”

While serving as a member of the House of Representatives, Jackson was a very active member; he served on over 20 committees and reported on many more. It was during his first term that Jackson became known for his fiery temper and personality; there was a point when he became so impassioned over the topic at hand that the senators who were meeting above the House chambers had to close the windows so as to muffle Jackson's voice.

Defeated for re-election in 1791 by his former Revolutionary commander, Anthony Wayne (for whom Wayne County is named), in a campaign rife with charges of irregularities on the part of Wayne's supporters, Jackson contested the outcome. He was convinced that Wayne had not won his seat fairly so he mounted a campaign against Wayne and his supporters, and finally succeeded in removing Wayne from Congress. Making effective use of grand jury presentments and newspapers, Jackson secured a seat in the legislature and subsequently oversaw the ouster of Wayne's campaign manager from his state judgeship. Jackson then took his struggle for vindication to Congress, where he convinced the House that Wayne had not won fairly. He failed to regain his seat after the tie-breaking vote of the Federalist Speaker.

Meanwhile, the state of Georgia sold millions of acres of its western lands, called the Yazoo region, at extremely low prices to a group of investors. Jackson, believing that the sale was influenced by bribery of state legislatures, resigned his post in the Senate to run for a seat in the Georgia legislature in 1795. He won the election and began to lead a campaign to repeal the Yazoo land sale. In 1798, he won the election for governor of Georgia and proceeded to implement the legislation repealing the Yazoo land sale. Jackson placed blame for the Yazoo land fraud on his political enemies, including James Gunn and the Federalists. He built the Georgia Democratic-Republican party and led it to statewide dominance.

He was a presidential elector in the 1796 presidential election.

Jackson was re-elected to the Senate in 1801 and served until his death in 1806.

Legacy
He is buried in the Congressional Cemetery, a National Historic Landmark in Washington, DC.

Jackson was the patriarch of a political dynasty in Georgia. His son, Jabez Young Jackson, was a representative from Georgia in the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth United States Congress.

His grandson, also named James Jackson, was a U.S. Representative from Georgia, a judge advocate on the staff of General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson and a trustee of the University of Georgia.

Jackson is the namesake of Jackson County, Georgia, Jackson, Georgia, James Jackson Parkway Northwest in Atlanta. Fort James Jackson, which protected the city of Savannah from attack by sea during most of the nineteenth century, is today a museum and restored garrison. The ghost town of Jacksonboro, Georgia is also named for Jackson.

title: James Jackson (Georgia politician)


text:
Neil Buchanan

Neil Buchanan (born 11 October 1956) is an English artist, photographer, and musician, best known for his work on British children's television. During his tenure as a children's television presenter, he hosted the CITV programme Art Attack, a television program that he co-created, during its original run from 1990 to 2007, as well as Finders Keepers and It's a Mystery, while he also produced and starred in CITV's ZZZap!.

Early life
Buchanan was born in 1956 in Aintree, which was then in the county of Lancashire. He attended Barlows Lane primary school and Liverpool Institute High School, now the Paul McCartney-sponsored Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts.

Career
Buchanan was in a heavy metal band called Marseille which formed in 1976: they were part of the new wave of British heavy metal scene, releasing four albums and six singles, touring America and performing with Judas Priest, Nazareth and Whitesnake. The band reformed in 2009 with a performance at The Cavern Club, Liverpool.

Television
Buchanan made his television debut on a Saturday morning show called No. 73, later renamed 7T3. He had attended the original audition, having met the No. 73 producers when his band Marseille appeared on Southern Television's Saturday Banana. He did not become a regular until the third series of No. 73 shown in 1983. After production ceased on 7T3 in 1988, he went on to present Motormouth, another Saturday morning children's program made by TVS alongside Gaby Roslin. Buchanan stayed with Motormouth until the show's cancellation in 1992.

He was the creator and presenter of the CITV show Art Attack from its inception in 1990 until the show ended in 2007. The show won two BAFTA awards. In March 2000, Britt Allcroft (subsequently Gullane Entertainment) purchased the rights to the series from Buchanan in a £14 million transaction.

In 1991, he hosted the British version of Finders Keepers, a room-raiding game show for TVS, then Scottish Television when TVS lost their license to broadcast. He co-hosted the show with Diane Youdale, the former Gladiators star, in its final series in 1996. He also presented Animal Crazy with co-host Jenny Powell for two series between 1994 and 1995 which was produced by the Media Merchants for Granada Television, and It's a Mystery alongside Sophie Aldred, from 1996 to 1999.

From 1995 to 1997, Buchanan presented the awards show The CITV Awards, which gave viewers a chance to vote on who they think should win a CITV award.

Buchanan briefly appeared as a guest on Celebrity Juice on 8 November 2012 during series 8 episode 11, in which he discussed ending Art Attack and his current activities, playing with his band.

In 2017, Nigel Roberts, vocalist for Marseille, announced that Buchanan had stepped away from the band owing to his consultancy work for children's television.

In September 2020, due to rumours spreading online, Buchanan released a statement denying suggestions that he was the English-based street artist Banksy.

title: Neil Buchanan


text:
Julia Glass

Julia Glass (born March 23, 1956) is an American novelist. Her debut novel, Three Junes, won the National Book Award for Fiction in 2002.

Glass followed Three Junes with a second novel, The Whole World Over, in 2006, set in the same Bank Street–Greenwich Village universe, with three interwoven stories featuring several characters from Three Junes. Her third novel, I See You Everywhere, was published in 2008; her fourth, The Widower's Tale, in 2010; her fifth, And the Dark Sacred Night, in 2014; her sixth, The House Among the Trees, in 2017; her seventh, Vigil Harbor, in 2022.

Glass was born in Boston, grew up in Belmont, Massachusetts and Lincoln, Massachusetts, and attended Concord Academy. She graduated from Yale in 1978. Intending to become a painter, she moved to New York City, where she lived for many years, painting in a small studio in Brooklyn and supporting herself as a freelance editor and copy editor, including several years in the copy department of Cosmopolitan magazine. She lives in Marblehead, Massachusetts, with her partner, the photographer Dennis Cowley, and their two children, and works as a freelance journalist and editor, while teaching fiction writing at Emerson College. She is a previous winner of the William Faulkner - William Wisdom Creative Writing Competition.

title: Julia Glass


text:
Georgia Military Institute

The Georgia Military Institute (GMI) was established on 110 acre in Marietta, Georgia, United States, on July 1, 1851. It was burned by the Union Army during the Civil War and was never rebuilt.

The current GMI is a reactivation of the name for a Georgia National Guard Officer Candidate School (OCS) curriculum.

History
GMI was established in Marietta on July 1, 1851. The campus consisted of 110 acre.

Seven students started classes in July and 28 men were in attendance by the end of the first year.

GMI operated regularly until spring 1864 when the cadets were formed into two companies and deployed to West Point, Georgia, as a result of the Civil War.

During the Civil War, superintendent Francis W. Capers sent cadets to use as drill instructors for CSA, and other cadets volunteered or were drafted. On May 14, 1864, GMI cadets fought in the Battle of Resaca and made contact with the 9th Illinois Mounted Infantry regiment. After this single engagement, the cadets were pulled off the front line.

The empty campus was burned by Sherman's troops on November 15, 1864. Following the Civil War, Georgia Military Institute was not rebuilt. In its place was founded North Georgia Agricultural College in Dahlonega, as the Military College of Georgia. To honor the legacy of GMI, the Georgia Army National Guard named its Officer Candidate School after it in 1961. In 2008, GMI returned to Marietta.

Mission
In January 2010, the Georgia Army National Guard established its OCS Program at GMI. It is based at the Clay Army National Guard Center (formerly NAS Dobbins) in Marietta at the 122nd Regiment - Regional Training Institute (RTI). GMI/OCS is reflagged as Charlie Company, 2nd Battalion, 122nd RTI under the 78th Troop Command of the Georgia Army National Guard.

Current commissioning programs are available to Army National Guard soldiers in biannual Accelerated and annual Traditional program formats. A GMI graduate will receive both a state and a federally recognized reserve officer commission in the Georgia Army National Guard and US Army, respectively. Coursework is accredited via Fort Benning's US Army OCS curriculum.

title: Georgia Military Institute


text:
User:Kgrr/bio

 * Over 20 years experience with various technologies such as Wi-Fi, GSM, Cellular, SMR, VoIP and ISDN.
 * MS in Computer Engineering from Florida Atlantic University
 * BS in Computer Science from the University of New Mexico
 * 6 patents issued and 8 patents pending.
 * Currently trialing new Wi-Fi technologies in Airports, Airline Clubs, Meshed Networks, and other outdoor locations.

 * Network design, cost models, modeling, simulation, deployment, testing, standards work, network planning, reliability analysis, site surveys, capacity analysis, IPR generation. WLAN (802.11 a, b, g), WiFi, VoIP, Wireless Mesh

 * Interested in Wi-Max, AODV, HSLS, RBridge, DSDV, DSR and emerging standards 802.16e, 802.11i, 802.11k, 802.11r, and 802.11s

title: User:Kgrr/bio


text:
Bolor-Tagh

Bolor-Tagh is an old name for the longitudinal range in eastern Pamir Mountains (ancient Mount Imeon) extending from Kunlun Mountains in the south to the east extremity of the Trans-Alay Range in the north. Highest peaks Kongur Tagh (7649 m) and Muztagh Ata. Bolor-Tagh lies entirely in the Xinjiang province of western China. Marco Polo visited the area in 1271 during his travel to China, describing it under the name of ‘Belor’.

title: Bolor-Tagh


text:
Talk:Farkhor Air Base

History
Was this an pre-existing military base (perhaps dating from the Soviet era), or was it built by India?--Pharos 19:15, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It seems I've answered my own question, but it still would be good to know more about the past history (and the current status, for that matter, as most of the published info is 'anticipatory', and predates the actual opening by the Indian military).--Pharos 21:26, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Can this be truly called "overseas," as there is no intervening body of saltwater? Joe
 * Not only are the two countries on the same continent, but they're only a short distance apart. This error looks particularly bad because it's been replicated in the Did You Know? section on the home page. I don't know what's the correct thing to do about errors there, though.
 * (Inserted 02:15 UTC, same day) I see someone's fixed that now. Good.)
 * As to this page, I've simply removed the "only overseas" part. But is the base in fact India's only something, like maybe their only external military base? If so, that should be put in instead.
 * --Anonymous, 00:00 UTC, 7 October 2005

 * Doesn't matter now, but the term overseas mean abroad in general and specifically beyond the seas. The etymology of the word meant in those days anything abroad was overseas (coming as it is in the English language any land beyond England - an island - was thus "overseas"). Just my take on this. Idleguy 08:12, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Photo?
I was wondering if the article needs the former pm's photo? User:prashanthns
 * i agree.. removing the photo --DuKot 05:32, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 17:55, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Coordinates
Please note that the coordinates in this article need fixing as: coordinates show area not described in the article.*

 * Coordinates were fixed independently in main article by User:195.30.37.40 on 22 Sept 2008 and are now correct. --Mmdoogie (talk) 05:23, 17 November 2008 (UTC)

Disentangle Farkhor and Ayni
To the best of my understanding, the Farkhor Air Base is on the southern border of Tajikistan, "130 km south-east of Dushanbe". The Ayni Air Base is in the suburbs of Dushanbe, just 10 km west or south-west of the capital. If I am right, the two should be disentangled into separate articles. Can anyone help? --Zlerman (talk) 02:03, 8 May 2009 (UTC)

 * You are correct, they are two different bases. Here is an explanation of their relationship: "India's initiative to refurbish Ayni followed the earlier establishment of its first military "outpost" in Tajikistan at Farkhor on the Tajik-Afghan border. The 'quietly functional' Farkhor base was an extension of the field hospital India established in the late 1990's as part of its role in helping Afghanistan's Northern Alliance in the fight against the Taliban regime. Northern Alliance leader Ahmad Shah Massoud, targeted by assassins, died in the Indian-run hospital two days before September 11, 2001." Askari Mark (Talk) 20:34, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

Coordinate error
The coordinates need the following fixes:
 * Write here

Current coordinates per google maps is +37° 28' 25.56", +69° 23' 9.43"

Nikhilgr (talk) 03:49, 11 September 2009 (UTC)

Done. BrainMarble (talk) 01:43, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

This article is completely false
This article is completely false and is based solely on speculation of Indian media. Tajik officials have repeated denied existence of any Indian millitary base in Tajikistan. I will edit the article, please do not remove my edits.

Below is a link to an article in main Tajik news agency, AsiaPlus, with quotes form Tajik officals denying reports about Indian military bases in Tajikistan:

http://www.asiaplus.tj/articles/36/1049.html

Also, here is a link to article in a Western information and analytical resource on Eurasia, EurasiaNet, explaining why Indian attempts to establish military presence in Tajikistan have failed so far: http://www.eurasianet.org/node/61503

Morover, India has never been a "major donor" of Tajikistan. Main donors of Tajikistan have been Russia, China, Iran, USA and EU:

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ti.html#Economy

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Tajikistan.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Tajikistan#Foreign_economic_relations —Preceding unsigned comment added by Behruzhimo (talk • contribs) 06:59, 15 August 2010 (UTC)

There is no Indian air base in Tajikistan, and has never been one, since Russia wouldn't allow it...

 * (copied from Talk:List of countries with overseas military bases)

I made a quick search on the subject to see what I could find, and found that there's been lots of speculations, hopes and plans, but there's still no operating Indian Air Force base in Tajikistan. And the main reason for that is that Russia won't allow it. For recent sources see Russia Beyond: "All these years the Indians have run into the Russian wall as Moscow has been unrelenting in its stand that it doesn’t want foreign powers to deploy fighter aircraft in its backyard and a former territory. The Russians have thus far steadfastly refused to grant this favour to its age-old strategic partner – India"; Mail Online India: "India refurbished the base in 2007 but could not base fighters and helicopters there because of Russian pressure"; The Diplomat: "There are no reports of Indian combat aircraft having ever been stationed at the base.” India forked out millions renovating the base at Ayni, only to be blocked from moving in by the Russians". Or to sum things up: there is no Indian air base in Tajikistan, has never been any, and most probably won't be any either.- Tom | Thomas.W talk 21:30, 14 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I tried searching in vain for credible sources regarding this presence, but I too was unable to find anything of much substance other than rumour mills, let alone an Indian "squadron" stationed there. The source you have linked to indeed adds quite a lot of clarity to this otherwise little-known base. I would find it pertinent to mention the following which doesn't allude to anything more than a "military hospital": During the late 1990s and early 2000s, India operated a military hospital at the Farkhor air base, near the Afghan border, providing care to Northern Alliance fighters. In 2002, India reportedly flew cargo out of Farkhor, with Russian permission, but there never was any evidence — aside from rumors — of an Indian air force presence. When NATO established the ISAF mission, India closed the hospital at Farkhor. There’s not much there anymore. Clearly, in view of this and the excerpts above, there is no conclusive evidence of a presence. Given the content was reinstated without explanation in 2019, I concur restoring the last proper version and not reinstating the material on the basis of lack of evidence.  Mar4d  ( talk ) 13:30, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

No evidence of Soviet use
Dear I have removed the category about being a former Soviet military air base as I have seen the questions dating back to 2005 at the top of this page saying no-one could find evidence of Soviet use; checked www.ww2.dk/new/ which appears to show that there were only Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiments of the PVO in Tajikistan; and checked the Russian version of the article which only starts from 2005. Buckshot06 (talk) 00:14, 14 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Farkhor Air Base


text:
Jerry Livingston

Jerry Livingston (born Jerry Levinson; March 25, 1909 – July 1, 1987) was an American songwriter and dance orchestra pianist.

Life and career
Born in Denver, Colorado to Sam and Dora (Lazarus) Levinson, Jerry Livingston studied music at the University of Arizona. While there he composed his first score for a college musical. He moved to New York City in the 1930s, initially working as a pianist for dance orchestras. Livingston served in the Army's Special Services division during World War II.

Among the songs Livingston helped write are "It's the Talk of the Town", "Under a Blanket of Blue", "Blue and Sentimental", "Close to You", "Mairzy Doats", "Wake the Town and Tell the People", "The Twelfth of Never", and "Young Emotions".

From the 1940s to the 1960s he wrote songs for numerous films and television series, including Cinderella (1950), Bronco (1958), 77 Sunset Strip (television series, 1958), Hawaiian Eye (television series, 1959), Bourbon Street Beat (television series, 1959), Surfside 6 (television series, 1960), and the song "This is It" (for the 1960s The Bugs Bunny Show). He worked on Tin Pan Alley and co-wrote with Mack David the theme song to Casper the Friendly Ghost, and co-wrote "The Unbirthday Song" for Alice in Wonderland and "Trick or Treat For Halloween" for Trick or Treat with David and Al Hoffman.

Livingston's Broadway compositions included the musical Molly and the musical revue Bright Lights of 1944, both with Mack David. With Mack David, he was nominated three times for the Academy Awards, the first time in 1951 for the song "Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo" from Cinderella (1950) with Al Hoffman, again in 1960 for the song "The Hanging Tree" from the film of the same name (1959), and the last time for "The Ballad of Cat Ballou" (from the 1965 film Cat Ballou) in 1966.

In 1965, he and his wife, Ruth ( Schwartz), a former singer, were shot at their Beverly Hills home on North Rodeo Drive by their son, Gary, for "bugging him about getting out of bed at 1 PM", after Gary had reportedly attempted suicide the previous night. Jerry and Ruth Livingston were taken to UCLA Medical Center in "satisfactory condition." Livingston had a bullet wound in his left arm and his wife was shot in the chest. Gary Livingston barricaded himself in the house and defied officers with a cache of arms a 12 gauge shotgun, a .22 caliber revolver and a .22 caliber rifle. Tear gas was used to take him into custody.

Jerry Livingston died of a heart condition at his North Rodeo Drive home in Beverly Hills, California. He was 78 years old. He was survived by his wife, Ruth, and a son, Dennis. He was predeceased by his other son, Gary.

title: Jerry Livingston


text:
List of schools in the Gambia

This is a list of notable schools in the Gambia

Schools (general)

 * Muslim Senior Secondary School, Banjul (formerly Muslim High School)
 * Nusrat Senior Secondary School, Bundung (formerly Nusrat High School)
 * Gambia Senior Secondary School (formerly Gambia High School), Banjul
 * Marina International School (private), Bakau New Town
 * École Française de Banjul, Bakau
 * Banjul American Embassy School, Fajara
 * St Peter's Senior Secondary School, Lamin
 * St Augustin Senior Secondary School,Banjul
 * The Swallow Centre of Emancipating Education, Nursery and Lower Basic School, Manjai
 * British International School Gambia (private), Kotu

Central River
Schools in the Central River Division include:

 * Armitage Senior Secondary School, Janjanbureh

title: List of schools in the Gambia


text: User talk:207.232.181.254

title: User talk:207.232.181.254


text:
Talk:Taxil hoax

A Critical View of the so-called 'Taxil Hoax'
User:Lightbringer tries for some time to augment the article with a very different view of the subject. I've reverted earlier attempts for clearly failing editing guidelines. The last attempt [] is a good deal better, but - even when considering only the formalia - not good enough. Perhaps other editors can help improving it (and decide what's worth saving). Of Lightbringer himself is invited to discuss the points here.

The most strinking formal point:

 * Quite a bit of the addition gives information about Léo Taxil, contradicting our current article. This part should be removed from here and discussed at Talk:Léo Taxil. I assume it would need some reference before claiming he was a free mason.
 * About the half of the additions, starting with The theological dogma of Albert Pike is explained in the 'Instructions' issued by him, is not related at all with the subject of this article. Please bring it to the relevant articles.

Pjacobi 19:17, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, Pjacobi, that section that says that "Lucifer is God" is the substance of the Taxil hoax.--

SarekOfVulcan 16:36, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It does say Lucifer is god, on p321 of pikes book, sure there is a line before it, but if you read most of the book you will realize that the line before it is meaningless because Pike constantly degrades Christianity as being no better, and possibly inferior, to the other religions. TheSpaceBetween2 (talk) 01:35, 12 September 2012 (UTC)
 * No, it does not, and those lines before it ARE NOT meaningless. Especially, when it says the 19th degree "despises all the pomps and works of lucifer". What Pike goes on, to poke fun at, is the Anglicans trying to say the word, lucifer, means Satan, when it never did. One can look up the word, lucifer, on Wikipedia, and find the truth. The word, lucifer, means morning star, or Venus, and the word is also known as light bearer. Jesus, was even called the morning star, in Revelation.--Craxd (talk) 12:33, 5 March 2015 (UTC)

 * But if my confusion is still below the fatal threshold, wasn't it presented as backed by evidence from a completely different source? And the "old part" of the article says fictitious eyewitness verifications of their participation in Satanism. Eyewitness verifications would be something other than statements by Pike. --Pjacobi 16:55, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Now I'm confused. You mean other than statments by Taxil, right? BTW, I think that the quote was removed from here because it was duplicated on the Freemasonry page.--SarekOfVulcan 17:43, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * What is fatal threshold? The fictitious eyewitness statement is simply wrong, because it can't be proven, with independent non-masonic influenced sources, that the eyewitness accounts where fictitious. Thus "Unverifie eyewitness verifications of their alleged participation in satanism" would give grounds to both sides, would maintain a neutral POV and would solve the problem regarding lack of independent non-biased sources regarding the veracity of the eye witness statments. Masons, or the author of the work, claiming them to be fictitious are not reliable sources as the author may have done so out of deciet or duress. He is of questionable moral character because he was already known to have wrote joke works on the pope thus the veracity of anything he states is open to question. Consensus not reached on the definitive use of the word "fictitious". TheSpaceBetween2 (talk) 01:35, 12 September 2012 (UTC)

 * OK, let's try to un-confuse (and keep in mind that I'm not a native speaker of English and sometimes overestimate my language competency)
 * Taxil's books on Freemasonry hold as central motif detailed accounts of satanism
 * There is a quote of Pike saying [...] Yes, Lucifer is God, and unfortunately Adonay is also God. [...]
 * 1 and 2 are unrelated (except that both are about free freemasons and satanism)
 * Therefore the Pike quote doesn't belong into the Taxil hoax article.
 * Did I get this right? BTW: Is the Pike quote generally considered authentic?
 * Pjacobi 18:17, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The quote about Pike, saying that lucifer is Adonai, is not from Pike, but from Abel De La Rive, who knew Taxil, and had a footnote to Diana Vaughn.--Craxd (talk) 09:04, 20 June 2015 (UTC)
 * SarekOfVulcan did a good re-edit, I added the info connecting Albert Pikes' letter to the 23 Supreme Councils, Luciferian Doctrine, and the Taxil hoax. I know it is a bit confusing but what we are dealing with is a situation where some of the material both 'sides' agree with, and some they dont'. It probably still needs to be polished up a bit, but the majoy points of the 'critical view' are there now. I guess we could do a seperate page on Freemasonry's alleged Luciferian Doctrines or teachings on Lucifer and that contested quote could be included in it. I would like to add that Dreamguy and MSJapan repeatedly deleted my attempt to post additional quotes, giving book particulars etc.. about this in the 'Satan' section of the Freemasonry page.Lightbringer 18:26, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Pjacobi, it is not generally considered authentic: supporting details of the Pike "letter" are provably false (the office he is claimed to hold never existed, for example). See http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/SRpublications/DeHoyos.htm#i8 for heavily researched and cited details. —Preceding unsigned comment added by SarekOfVulcan (talk • contribs) Pjacobi 19:38, 12 October 2005 (UTC) (Thanks, I was about to get that -- Sarek)

To save some reading from the link I cited above, I'll cut to the chase:

The real evidence of a hoax comes in de la Rive's footnote, which neither Lady Queenborough nor anyone else has ever bothered quoting. The footnote refers to Diana Vaughan, the matchless creation of Léo Taxil's twisted mind, who, despite her illustrious pedigree created by Taxil, never existed.

 * Ce fut la Sur Diana Vaughan qu'Albert Pike,--afin de lui donner la plus grande marque de confiance,--chargea d'apporter son encyclique luciférienne, à Paris, pendant l'Exposition Universelle.

 * It was the Sister Diana Vaughan that Albert Pike,--in order to give her the greatest mark of confidence,--charged to carry his luciferian encyclical, to Paris, during the Universal Exposition.

So, the Luciferian quote is indeed part of the Taxil hoax.--SarekOfVulcan 22:11, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, as Abel De La Rive had worked with Taxil, for the anti-clerical paper, and knew him, Taxil was able to persuade him that Diana Vaughn was real, so he wrote what he did. Later, it is said, that De La Rive apologized for ever writing what he did.--Craxd (talk) 09:04, 20 June 2015 (UTC)

Please discuss changes
@DreamGuy: You can't simply revert
 * The critics of Freemasonry say that although 'The 'Taxil Hoax' was a 'sting' against the Church in France for it's teachings on Freemasonry, it's modern usage by American Freemasonry is in reality an attempt to confound and confuse the issue of Freemasonry and Lucifer, especially in regard to it's appearance in Masonic writings.

with the edit summary
 * revert to the NPOV version - User:Lightbringer's sole agenda is to attack Freemasons on any article here he can, see his edit history and talk comments

This is a non sequitur. The sentence in the article is an statement about critics of Freemasonry, so it is no attack to Freemasons, and Lightbringer's agenda, if it exists (which will be the ArbCom's task to decide) is irrelevant.

@Lightbringer: The above also essentially delimits the possible content of the "critic" section you want to add. It shouldn't be a general Why Freemasonry is evil treatise.

@All: What's about the membership in the Grand Orient of France? References? Is this a widely accepted claim? A minority claim? A fringe claim?

I've tried to edit Lightbringer's addition into a more encyclopedic styla and shortened a lot. Please take this just as an example of the possible direction how to proceed.

Pjacobi 09:44, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Your edit was not helpful at all, because the section still violated Wikipedia policies on verfiable resources, NPOV and so forth. Leaving the statements there making such unsourced allegations is absurd, and by doing so you give them a legitimacy that the source does not have. You can't treat information from highly biased info like that as if it were real. IT wasn;t encyclopedic in the slight to say "they alleged" in a couple of sentences and then just accept the rest at their word. Lightbringer is here making edits based solely out of opposition to a group based upon rumor and innuendo. That sort of behavior is unacceptable. Compromising with it and allowing policy violations to continue in the process is simply unacceptable. DreamGuy 09:57, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * You don't get it, that the absurdity of claims make it only more pronounced, that the entire section is a statement about the critics of Freemasonry and not about Freemasonry. --Pjacobi 10:06, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Another example of encyclopedic treatment of rather absurd allegations: Blood libel against Jews. --Pjacobi 10:18, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Pjacobi you're not dealing with a rational thinking, feeling, person here, you are dealing with a Militant Freemason. Masons simply will not tolerate ANY opinions, histories, truths about their beloved 'craft' that is critical. What he is doing here is precisely what he did to my edits on the Freemasonry page - he deleted them, said the violated Wikipedia guidlines, that the sources 'were not accepted by academics'(but provided no examples other than one url to a Masonic webpage). Again and again and again. He deleted links DOZENS of times, using the same rational. He did it again in the past day also on the link I tried to post on the Jack the Ripper page about the Freemasonry Theory. For heavens sake there was two popular Movies, BBC Documentaries, and books which advocate that P.O.V., but for Dreamguy all it is was the serial deletion coupled with vague caustic comments and a complete refusal to discuss the edit.

 * This is why I phrased the para additions I did in the framework 'of the critics say this' or 'the opposing view of this is'. It didn't make a stitch of difference to him, he deleted it entirely just the same. There is no middle ground with him. The longest I have been able to keep an edit up on Wiki is three hours before Dreamguy deletes it. The others just follow his lead and join in 'reverted to last edit by Dreamguy' etc..Lightbringer 18:04, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * If editors by consensus are removing your edits as a violation of policies here, maybe that should give you a clue that you need to stop your agenda-pushing strategy here. DreamGuy 22:34, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Pjacobi, the Blood Libel allegations are citable. Where are the credible citations for some critics of Freemasonry say?  Are there any, that are documented, other than one wiki-user's claim that there are, which would be original research, and pretty much unusable in the article.  Vidkun 19:11, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

Comments copied from Talk:Freemasonry
I copied the following two comments from the Talk:Freemasonry page as they are highly relevant here:

 * However, if the paragraph is the same one that was there before, the one negating a provable fact with a conspiracy theory by saying - (to paraphrase) "Some claim that Taxil, who wrote material discrediting the Masons, was in fact an invention of the Masons" is once again not a question of POV, but rather verifiability and believability.

 * Just because some people believe it doesn't make it true, such as the world being flat, or the Moon being made out of green cheese. There is factual evidence disproving those statements, and anything in the same vein is really not appropriate for an encyclopedia entry.  IIRC there is a Wiki policy on "relative weight" that should clear this up.  Even if that policy doesn't convince you 100%, the fact that Wikipedia is not democratic and is edited by consensus does cover it.

 * Is it too much to ask to quit all the nonsense until ArbCom deals with this and either work on the article or do nothing? MSJapan 20:51, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * To clarefy, the relavant policy is found at WP:NPOV. It is also usefull to look at the policy on WP:NPOV. Actually, all of the Category:Wikipedia official policy is interesting reading, and I recomend everyone to look throught it. WegianWarrior 21:12, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Simply put, having some fringe group claiming all sorts of weird things does not make it encyclopedic. The information must meet Wikipedia guidelines on encyclopedic sources and its coverage must not be unbalanced, giving it the appearance of more validity and acceptance among scholars than it really does. A long, rambling multi-paragraph statement from the anti-Freemason conspiracy theorists based upon bad sources and so forth is absolutely not encyclopedic. It should be given a brief mention, if at all, because I think it's safe to assume that the anti-Masons dispute the factualness of anything and everything they can if they think they can try to use it as "proof" that Masons are corrupt and ruling the workd and blah blah blah. Of course the anti-MAsons are going to come up with some bizarre story, that's nonnotable. This is an encyclopedia, not a place for every fringe theory to get more space than expert opinions back up with sources and qualifications. DreamGuy 22:34, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

What's with the new section added here recently? Why on earth would you give so much space to that? It's like handing half of the Evolution article over to creationists. Victrix 06:54, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Lack Of NPOV
What is fatal threshold? The fictitious eyewitness statement is simply wrong, because it can't be proven, with independent non-masonic influenced sources, that the eyewitness accounts where fictitious. Thus "Unverifie eyewitness verifications of their alleged participation in satanism" would give grounds to both sides, would maintain a neutral POV and would solve the problem regarding lack of independent non-biased sources regarding the veracity of the eye witness statments. Masons, or the author of the work, claiming them to be fictitious are not reliable sources as the author may have done so out of deciet or duress. He is of questionable moral character because he was already known to have wrote joke works on the pope thus the veracity of anything he states is open to question. Consensus not reached on the definitive use of the word "fictitious". Also dream guy verifiable include "when reliable sources disagree, their conflict should be presented from a neutral point of view, giving each side its due weight." and "Even when information is cited to reliable sources, it must be presented in accordance with the Neutral point of view policy (NPOV). All articles must adhere to NPOV,  fairly representing all majority and significant-minority viewpoints published by reliable sources , in rough proportion to the prominence of each view. Tiny-minority views need not be included, except in articles devoted to them. Where there is disagreement between sources, use in-text attribution: "John Smith argues that X, while Paul Jones maintains that Y," followed by an inline citation. Sources themselves do not need to maintain a neutral point of view; indeed many reliable sources are  not neutral . Our job as editors is simply to present what the reliable sources say" — Preceding unsigned comment added by TheSpaceBetween2 (talk • contribs) 01:53, 12 September 2012 (UTC)

His real intent
I want to make it clear that I'm not one who is predisposed to conspiracy theories, including those concerning Freemasonry; I don't think Freemasonry is a conspiritorial organization, and I think most POV issues concerning Freemasonry come from the anti-freemasonry editers (as they tend to be conspiracy theory quacks). That being said, there is atleast one POV issue with this article. Does anyone have a reference for the following sentence:

 * His real intent, however, was to publicly slander the Freemasons (who had rejected him for membership), and simultaneously embarrass the Roman Catholic Church.

I don't think the author of that sentence intended to make a POV statment, but it seems pretty silly to claim one knows what the "real intent" was of someone who died long before the author of the sentence was born.--Brentt 07:16, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * When reading Taxil's confession, from the Le Frondeur, he claims he joined Freemasonry with the intention of quitting, and that he staged an altercation, which had him expelled. Is what Taxi says true, or is he trying to save face? This could be either or, and it is best to list what is real; that Taxil was expelled shortly after being made an EA.--Craxd (talk) 09:16, 20 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Well, you can find his intent at http://altreligion.about.com/library/texts/bl_confessiontaxil.htm, http://altreligion.about.com/library/texts/bl_confessiontaxil2.htm, http://altreligion.about.com/library/texts/bl_confessiontaxil3.htm, http://altreligion.about.com/library/texts/bl_confessiontaxil4.htm, http://altreligion.about.com/library/texts/bl_confessiontaxil5.htm, and http://altreligion.about.com/library/texts/bl_confessiontaxil6.htm (I pasted all of the links because there's a misspelling in the "Next page" references). It's the full text of the April 19 press conference referenced on the main page. Seems clear enough.
 * Last comment was me. Sorry.--SarekOfVulcan 23:10, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * SarekOfVulcan, I concur. Mousescribe 00:27, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

So why are those links allowed and freemasonrywatch.org is not? For the record I don't believe in iluminati. I do believe pikes work claims lucifer as their god and that freemasonry is a religion, I can quote from it, from sacredtexts.com. And about morals and dogma that is a published secondary source right (as it sums up his views on religion based on other religions dogma)? Its 3rd party too, on any article on freemasonry? — Preceding unsigned comment added by TheSpaceBetween2 (talk • contribs) 01:58, 12 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, those links could be shown, however, it would also have to be shown that what is there is in fact from the hoax, and wrong. Those sites are not credible--Craxd (talk) 18:40, 8 January 2015 (UTC)

Question
the list of titles of leos writings interested me. is there a website i could read some of those writings?

umm this needs more of a tgop summary —Preceding unsigned comment added by 218.215.133.71 (talk) 11:02, 16 March 2011 (UTC)

New citations needed
The link is broken for the citation called ""The Confession of Leo Taxil". April 25, 1897. Retrieved 2007-10-25.".

I wasn't able to quickly find another citation for the specific claim mentioned in the text.

However, I found a link to the supposed full text of the supposed translation: http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/texts/taxil_confessed.html However, it IS on a page published by Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon A.F. & A. M.

In addition to the Footnotes found at the above link, this next link includes two interesting, related lists:

"SOME OF THE ACCOUNTS OF TAXIL'S HOAX ABOUT FREEMASONRY AND LUCIFER" and "SOME ANTI-MASONIC BOOKS USING TAXIL'S HOAX ABOUT FREEMASONRY AND LUCIFER"

These are on Page 6 of "The Confession...".

http://reocities.com/lionelboxer/Freemasonry/taxilconfession6.html

Page 1 of that says:

"Later Taxil, in an interview, says: "The public made me what I am, the arch-liar of the period, for when I first commenced to write against the Masons my object was amusement pure and simple. The crimes laid at their door were so grotesque, so impossible, so widely exaggerated, I thought everybody would see the joke and give me credit for originating a new line of humour. But my readers wouldn't have it so; they accepted my fables as gospel truth, and the more I lied for the purpose of showing that I lied, the more convinced became they that I was a paragon of veracity.""

http://reocities.com/lionelboxer/Freemasonry/taxilconfession.html

What interview? Published where?

 * National Magazine, an Illustrated American Monthly, Volume XXIV: April, 1906 - September, 1906, (NATIONAL MAGAZINE for MAY, 1906, pages 228-229), An interview with Leo Taxil mentioned under Muck Rakes. Magazine at Archive.org: Full Text Click Here Taxil died the following year. I have photos of both pages that can be posted to this article.--Craxd (talk) 19:59, 4 July 2015 (UTC)

More new citations:

Can we please find the original document (in French), and even a photo/photocopy of its original source? (Le Frondeur?, April 25, 1897)

Can we find 1987 articles about his admission of the hoax? One would think it was in various newspapers.

This has done a ridiculous amount of damage for over 100 years now.

It would be great to know for certain that Leo Taxil really did admit to the Press and to many others that he did this hoax.

Thanks!

Misty MH (talk) 10:40, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

 * I am not quite sure what it is you are trying to achieve here, I am especially wondering about your comment "This has done a ridiculous amount of damage for over 100 years now". The hoax and his confession of it is genuine and was widely reported in the press at the time of his admission of it, not only in France but abroad as well. I am in possession of a Danish newspaper from 1897 containing a lengthy article on the whole thing. --Saddhiyama (talk) 22:16, 6 May 2012 (UTC)

 * I think what the author was saying is that the hoax was so good, it is still propagated, not only by Chick, but by others. Just like the fake Protocols of Zion, which continually has to be refuted. (However, the latter was done with malice aforethought and not as a satire).

 * I don't remember this name at all (Taxil hoax) in relation to the hoax. I thought the alleged Masonic organization was named something catchy (in English anyway) - which is the reason why the hoax still persists in people's memories. Someone sent me an email on a related topic and I had trouble finding this article. The name isn't quite right IMO. Maybe need "alternate name." Student7 (talk) 15:39, 19 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Well, the name I was looking for was "Palladium, High Luciferian Masonry". While I didn't get many hits on this on the web, you can sure find it in email! Student7 (talk) 16:55, 19 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Regarding your first post about it still being propagated. Well, that may be true, however I think this article makes it rather clear that it was a hoax, and I can't see what else should be done in connection to Wikipedia. We are not a soap box after all, so other than conveying the correct information we can't really do anything else or we lose our NPOV.
 * I am afraid as a non-native English speaker I can't really chime in on the naming of the article. It isn't impressive hits Google brings up even for a search on "Taxil hoax". However I would think that the subject is not widely known, so it is a question whether there actually is a common English name besides the one produced by the title of this article. In fact I suspect this article may have contributed more to the establishment of a common English name than anything published in English about it in the last 100 years. --Saddhiyama (talk) 17:34, 19 June 2012 (UTC)

 * You may be right about propagating the wrong name (Taxil hoax) with Wikipedia. Without quotes got 37,000 hits with Luciferian Masonry. It's the "Lucifer" that grabs the reader! The sites are not reporting a hoax, of course, but reporting that Mason's have this secret rite! :( Student7 (talk) 01:05, 25 June 2012 (UTC)

Student check out morals and dogma by Albert pike, they do worship Lucifer, just this incident is alleged as being false yet no evidence not from a masonic perspective exists that it was a hoax. They claim lucifer is not satan — Preceding unsigned comment added by TheSpaceBetween2 (talk • contribs) 02:03, 12 September 2012 (UTC)

 * That is because the word lucifer describes the morning star, or the star of dawn, which is Venus. The word, lucifer, was never intended to describe Satan, and what you mention is only used in the Bible to describe the fall of the King of Babylon, not Satan. Even Christ was called the star of dawn. The protestants are who corrupted the word lucifer, into meaning Satan, and even Calvin and Luther, who started protestantism, scolded the ministers who did it for not translating and using it correctly. Albert Pike mentions the word lucifer being used in the Bible, as meaning the morning star, not Satan. The true description of lucifer can easily be looked up here on Wikipedia, so what you say has no merit.--Craxd (talk) 04:19, 30 December 2014 (UTC)

Taxil is mentioned in The Psychology of Conviction, by Joseph Jastrow, published in 1918. This isn't a Masonic source (as far as I can tell), so it might be useful.-- SarekOfVulcan (talk) 16:48, 11 January 2015 (UTC)

Newspaper photo
I added the photo, of the Parisian newspaper, Le Frondeur, which has the transcribed account of Taxil's confession. It is the newspaper that anti-Masons claim doesn't exist. --Craxd (talk) 09:40, 19 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Here's a collection of additional newspaper articles reporting on Taxil's confession in 1897. Perhaps you can add these to this entry if you're so inclined?
 * https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/DUNST18970618.2.19
 * https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ESD18970604.2.4
 * https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/OAM18970607.2.5
 * https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/GRA18970726.2.20
 * https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS18970612.2.53.8
 * https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH18970605.2.69.10
 * https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NEM18970729.2.25
 * https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NOT18970615.2.2
 * https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/LT18970612.2.60
 * https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP18970610.2.3
 * https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/HBH18970608.2.5 103.101.202.58 (talk) 16:53, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Here's a high resolution scan of Le Père Peinard N°27 - Série 2 – 25 Avril 1897, which reports Taxil's confession in detail on the same day as the article in Le Frondeur was published. Story begins on page 3.
 * http://archivesautonomies.org/IMG/pdf/anarchismes/avant-1914/leperepeinard/1897/pere-peinard-serie2-1897-n027.pdf 103.101.202.58 (talk) 17:59, 12 October 2023 (UTC)

Abel Clarin de la Rive
I believe it would be better, to explain A C de la Rive's association with Taxil better, where it mentions what he wrote. A C de la Rive was a staunch anti-Mason that worked under Leo Taxil, who was the manager at an anti-Masonic magazine, French Christian Antimasonry. A C de la Rive was a friend of Taxil. Here is where Taxil told him of Diana Vaughn, and probably where A C de la Rive got the ideas for what he wrote, since not only does the footnote say that is the source, but A C de la Rive says that everything that had been written, by him, was from Taxil's hoax. Taxil had quit the magazine, around January of 1896, and A C de la Rive took over as manager. Later, when the hoax came out, in April 1897, A C de la Rive wrote, in the April 1897 issue of Freemasonry Unmasked, that "With frightening cynicism, the miserable person we shall not name here, [Taxil], declared before an assembly, especially convened for him, that for twelve years he had prepared and carried out, to the end, the most extraordinary and most sacrilegious of hoaxes. We have always been careful to publish special articles concerning Palladism and Diana Vaughan. We are now giving in this issue a complete list of these articles, which can now be considered as not having existed." I think that quote should at least be listed with the explanation. The source is: Is It True What They Say About Freemasonry? by De Hoyos and Morris, and the French Wikipedia article on A C de la Rive. It is also described in chapter 4, of the book titled: Rene Guenon and the Future of the West, 1987, by by Robin Waterfield.--Craxd (talk) 04:09, 30 June 2015 (UTC)
 * I wrote an entire article on AC de la Rive, which is now published. I would like to ask some of the better known Freemason editors on here, to clean it up of the mistakes, and keep an eye on this article too.--Craxd1 (talk) 08:33, 8 August 2015 (UTC)

A later interview with Taxil
I added the section from the National Magazine, about the quotes from Leo Taxil, before he died. I added a link to the magazines record at external links. If any want to clean this up, please feel free to.--Craxd (talk) 20:43, 4 July 2015 (UTC)
 * There is a Wikipedia reviewer, changing these articles at his whim, and they are all on Freemasonry. I advise you to watch this article. If they keep it up, I myself will report them to Wikipedia, and see about having these pages locked. I just had to revert this article, which he has tampered with, regarding the quote from Leo Taxil in National Magazine.--Craxd1 (talk) 10:44, 8 August 2015 (UTC)

The Luciferian quote
I added a link to the new Wikipedia article on Abel Clarin de la Rive. I just finished writing the article, completely sourced. It explains AC de la Rive's direct involvement with Taxil, and the entire truth about what happened.--Craxd1 (talk) 20:33, 7 August 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Taxil hoax. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070509073926/http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/tv_guide/full_details/World_history/programme_3234.php to http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/tv_guide/full_details/World_history/programme_3234.php
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060815093041/http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/SRpublications/DeHoyos.htm to http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/SRpublications/DeHoyos.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:38, 2 December 2017 (UTC)

This article needs polishing
The section "Taxil and Freemasonry" and its sub-section "Palladists" are a confused mess of redundant information. In the first, it's said "Taxil wrote another book called Le Diable au XIXe siècle (The Devil in the Nineteenth Century), which introduced a new character, Diana Vaughan". First of all, what does "new character" mean? New compared to what? Then the sub-section introduces again a "1892 French book Le Diable au XIXe siècle (The Devil in the 19th Century", 1892)". Now the article starts referring to Taxil as Jogand-Pagès, which is just confusing. Later it references "A supposed Diana Vaughan", which was already introduced before. And now her name links back to the article itself. It feels like these parts are the result of different texts having been patched together. Kumagoro-42 (talk) 22:27, 1 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Taxil hoax


text:
User:Limbo socrates

Limbo socrates is interested in most everything Wikipedia has to offer. He fixes broken things, adds that which he cannot find, and does all with the very best of intentions, regardless from which road those paving stones may come. History, natural science, and computer science, are his favorite haunts; but his phantom moves both hither and thither.

title: User:Limbo socrates


text: Category:Cruisers of Argentina

title: Category:Cruisers of Argentina


text:
EdFund

EdFund is the United States' second largest provider of student loan guarantee services under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP). It is organized as a non-profit public-benefit corporation. EdFund offers students and their families a wide range of information on the value of higher education, how to pursue it, how to pay for it, and debt management. In addition, EdFund supports schools with advanced loan processing solutions and default prevention techniques.

Operating as an auxiliary corporation of the California Student Aid Commission, EdFund processes more than $9.3 billion in student loans in the United States annually (including Consolidation loans) and manages a portfolio of outstanding loans valued at $29 billion.

EdFund is headquartered in Rancho Cordova, California with regional offices located throughout the United States.

History
EdFund is a nonprofit corporation founded by the California Student Aid Commission on January 1, 1997. EdFund was organized as a 501(c)(3) public benefit corporation pursuant to legislation authorizing the Commission to establish a nonprofit auxiliary to administer all activities associated with its participation in the federal student loan program.

Today, EdFund provides all operational and administrative services related to the Commission’s participation in the federal student loan program, and is a growing national provider of student financial aid services.

"On August 27, 2010, the U.S. Department of Education selected Educational Credit Management Corporation (ECMC) to assume the guarantor responsibilities of CSAC effective November 1, 2010; consequently, all federal student loans guaranteed by CSAC and serviced through EdFund have been transferred to ECMC for ongoing servicing.

EdFund staff will continue to service the non-defaulted segment of the former CSAC portfolio per an agreement with ECMC. Also as part of this agreement, EdFund will provide ECMC with transition services, systems and web services.

Governance
EdFund is governed by a board of directors that meets quarterly. The company also has regional offices located across the nation.

Criticism
EdFund has been criticized for its collection policies and punitive practices, as well as for the salaries paid to executive officers. A 2007 San Francisco Chronicle article describes how in certain circumstances, EdFund’s practices can take an original loan of $37,000 and drive the repayment cost well over $100,000. The article quotes Elena Ackel, a senior attorney at Legal Aid Foundation of Los Angeles, as describing EdFund as “an oppressive system.”

In 2006, a California state auditor strongly criticized EdFund, finding that the organization exercised lax oversight and made questionable spending decisions. The auditor found that EdFund spent thousands of dollars on entertainment, travel, and executive bonuses, at a time when the loan program faced an $8.3 million operating deficit. The California Student Aid Commission was cited for lax oversight of EdFund.

title: EdFund


text:
Talk:Carl Loewe

Untitled
Is Löwe really the most common German spelling? It makes sense, but I've never seen it before here in Sweden (and we're a lot more likely to use the German spelling than the English one). And the Peters edition of Loewe's Balladen und Lieder consistently uses Loewe. Google seems to agree with me; see and. EldKatt (Talk) 19:20, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Carl Loewe
'Madame de Stal' should be written as 'Madame de Stael', I think.

Yours truly,

Marius van Daal, The Hague, Holland

Loewe/Löwe
Why does this article consistently use "Löwe"? I have only ever seen "Loewe". Even the German Wikipedia uses "Loewe"! You never see "Göthe" either.... —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.174.190.51 (talk) 06:56, 2 May 2007 (UTC).
 * That does it, then. I'm moving. EldKatt (Talk) 13:53, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

Title
Why not just "Carl Loewe"? That's what he's universally known as. We can tell readers what his full name was, in the article. -- JackofOz (talk) 05:30, 5 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Indeed; unfortunately, moving it back to Carl Loewe requires action at WP:Requested moves. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 13:29, 13 March 2012 (UTC)
 * See below in that case. --   Jack of Oz   [your turn]  11:03, 15 March 2012 (UTC)

Voice type
It says in the top snippet that he is a baritone, but later in the article that his voice developed into a tenor from a boy soprano. Perhaps he was a tenor in his youth and became a baritone or vice versa, but please clear this up. Thank you! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.242.162.102 (talk) 19:45, 13 April 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Move. Jafeluv (talk) 10:55, 22 March 2012 (UTC)

Johann Carl Gottfried Loewe → Carl Loewe – He is universally known as simply "Carl Loewe". We can provide his full name in the article text, but it doesn't need to be in the title. --  Jack of Oz   [your turn]  11:03, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Support – see above. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 12:55, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Support per JackofOz and Michael Bednarek. Double sharp (talk) 03:51, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Support. Current title is overprecise. HandsomeFella (talk) 12:46, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Carl Loewe. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.portlandchamberorchestra.org/2006_2007_Season/March/felix-mendelssohn.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081006110209/http://www.libraries.uc.edu/libraries/ccm/special_collections/WurlitzerCollection.html to http://www.libraries.uc.edu/libraries/ccm/special_collections/WurlitzerCollection.html
 * Added tag to http://www.ndrkultur.de/programm/programmueberblick/programmuebersicht/nkult858.pdf
 * Added tag to http://www.lieder.net/lieder/l/loewe.html
 * Added tag to http://www.lieder.net/lieder/l/loewe.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:58, 15 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Carl Loewe