text:
User talk:Starbros

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  16:39, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Starbros


text:
User talk:JRGL~enwiki

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  16:39, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called JRGL. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name JRGL~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:34, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 14:10, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:JRGL~enwiki


text:
User talk:0101MIUct

A welcome from Sango123
Hello, 0101MIUct, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  16:39, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:0101MIUct


text:
Marc Moro

Marc Moro (born July 17, 1977) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played 30 games in the National Hockey League with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Nashville Predators, and Toronto Maple Leafs from 1997 to 2002. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1997 to 2007, was mainly spent in the minor leagues. He was the first captain for the Toronto Marlies of the American Hockey League. He was drafted in the second round, 27th overall by the Ottawa Senators in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft.

Biography
As a youth, Moro played in the 1991 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Markham, Ontario.

Moro played junior hockey with the Kingston Frontenacs from 1993 to 1997, and the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds for part of the 1996–97 season. He played his first pro hockey game for the Prince Edward Island Senators of the AHL during the 1995–96 season before being sent back to junior.

Moro never played a game in an Ottawa Senators jersey. In 1996, his rights were traded to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim with Ted Drury for Jason York and Shaun Van Allen. He made his National Hockey League (NHL) debut with the Mighty Ducks, playing in one game during the 1997–98 season. He was dealt the next season with goaltender Chris Mason to the Nashville Predators for goaltender Dominic Roussel.

Moro was selected as the first captain in Toronto Marlies history in October 2005. He was also the St. John's Maple Leafs' last captain in their 15-year history during the 2004–05 AHL season.

On August 13, 2007, Moro announced his retirement. Moro worked as an analyst during Maple Leaf games on Leafs TV during the 2007-08 season, and has since become president of a construction consulting company in Toronto.

title: Marc Moro


text:
User talk:Davidshilling~enwiki

A welcome from Sango123
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Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  16:39, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Davidshilling. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Davidshilling~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:22, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:59, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Davidshilling~enwiki


text:
User talk:Nightwalker05

Hi, I thought I had a previous acccount on here, "nightwalker" I thought the username belonged to me, but my password dosent work for it, and when I request a new password for the account I dont recieve an email? Is this infact registered to another user? Could I find out who owned that account, could a admin check the email or something for me? Could someone point me in the right direction to finding out. Thanks!

Replaceable fair use Image:BlackDog.png
Thanks for uploading Image:BlackDog.png. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:

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title: User talk:Nightwalker05


text:
Talk:Aust

You can read a bit more about the Bob Dylan picture here. http://www.igreens.org.uk/bob_dylan_at_the_old_aust_ferry.htm Jim Thornton. -- —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 128.243.220.42 (talk • contribs).

Derived from Latin
Currently the article reads: The name of Aust is one of the very few English place-names to be derived from Latin.

Um, aren't there several hundred English place-names derived from Latin?

Ordinary Person (talk) 23:38, 9 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, so I've changed it. Ghmyrtle (talk) 09:39, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

According to Margaret Gelling (Signposts to the Past, p.35), a leading authority, there are 21 excluding Aust. I think that counts as "very few".Mhockey (talk) 11:38, 2 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Well, I'm certainly less of an expert than she was, but I'm surprised and would be interested to see what she included in her list. There may be a definition issue here - does she mean the whole name, as against those part-derived from Latin? As well as all the placenames with "-chester" or "caer-" (derived from castra), and the various places "Stratton" which derive from strata, to give just two examples, I can think of several local to myself in a relatively non-Romanised area (SE Wales and adjoining), such as Stroat (Glos. - from strata), Bassaleg (from basilica), Magor (from maceria).  It's also still debated whether the name Aust derives from Augusta - but I don't deny she's a "reliable source".  Ghmyrtle (talk) 12:40, 2 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Umm, d'oh, I suppose they're not "English" are they? Put me in the corner with the dunce's cap on - sorry!  Ghmyrtle (talk) 17:42, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Actually, I misread the passage in Gelling's book. 21 is the number of instances she identifies of Latin or part-Latin names known from Roman Britain (as opposed to Latinised British or pre-Celtic names). Of the 21, only two (Cataractoni, now Catterick and Spinis, now Speen) have survived in the modern forms of the names. She deals separately (at pp.66ff and pp.150ff) with Latin words which seem to have been adopted into Anglo-Saxon vocabulary and applied by the Anglo-Saxons as elements of place-names - camp, port, wic (from Latin vicus), ecles (from ecclesia), funta (from fons), ceaster (from castra) and strǣt (from strata). There are certainly many modern place-names with one of those elements, and a few which consist of only those elements (Eccles, Chester, Caister, Caistor, Street and its variants). There are also place-names derived from French words of Latin origin (e.g. Pontefract, Beaulieu), but it would be a stretch to include them. If you include all the place-names in England wholly derived from Latin, there aren't many. Mhockey (talk) 19:13, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Uncited info
Putting info either uncited or not covered by the cited source for tracking purposes, to see if I can find it later:
 * Aust was one of only 5 or so of Turstin's holdings in excess of 30 manors which was not held in chief, that is to say directly from the crown.
 * Between 1088 and 1092 Turstin appears to have been banished from England, possibly due to support given by him to the claim of Robert Curthose, the eldest son of William I, to the crown over William Rufus.

Any knowledge of sources in the meantime, is much appreciated!-- CaroleHenson  ( talk ) 17:57, 13 July 2013 (UTC)

Calling Bollocks on the Augusta/Latin Etymology Given for Aust
Not only do the early forms of Aust have little to do with 'Augusta' (whatever the hell it is meant to be?) there happens to be a nearby hamlet called Ingst bearing the same -st endfast. There is even an 'Ingst road' in Aust. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.144.243.96 (talk) 05:09, 6 March 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Pronunciation
This would be helpful here. I can think pf at least two possible ones - one rhyming with Faust and the other like Awst. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.205.241.252 (talk) 00:07, 22 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aust


text:
User talk:Duncanr

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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-- Sango 123 16:40, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

Crown Hall
Any reason you decided to remove the Crown Hall page back to S.R. Crown Hall a few days after I initially moved it? "Crown Hall" is far more common (see the City of Chicago's page on the building for one example) and is actually used in more wikipedia articles than S.R. Crown Hall. Before I undo your move and fix the redirects, I was just wondering what your arguments for changing it back were? Besides, according to Wikipedia's naming conventions, I think that S. R. Crown Hall, though still worse than just Crown Hall, is better than S.R. Crown Hall. Please respond on my talk page so we don't get into some kind of move/unmove war. -Parallel or Together ? 12:00, 4 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Replied on Parallel_or_Together?'s talk page. - December 4, 2005

 * Well, some pages use "non-official" names, like the page for Bill Clinton for one (rather than "William Jefferson Clinton"). However, unlike you, I am not an alumnus of IIT, so this isn't really a big issue to me.  If you say it is better, and have good reasons to back up that assumption (which you do), then I will go ahead and change all the redirects and we can keep the page at S.R. Crown Hall.  I would just appreciate that, in the future, if you see someone has recently moved a page, to not move it back without having some kind of discussion first.  Thanks!  -Parallel or Together ? 23:51, 4 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Replied on Parallel_or_Together?'s talk page. - December 4, 2005

 * Yeah, sorry. I didn't mean to disrupt your edits.  I was just going along with what the anonymous user who created the page requested at the Village Pump.  Anyway, I've now fixed all the links that went to the Crown Hall page to go to S.R. Crown Hall page instead.  -Parallel or Together ? 01:35, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

Illinois Institute of Technology
Hey,

Yeah, I was the editor for those couple of recent posts. I should have probably asked for your source for the college enrollment figures before fixing it, as I never knew where to get that information, so I agree that it should be changed back to 681 which makes it more consistent with the 393, which I'll do.

I believe an important part of IIT's decline was caused by the projects. Granted, the part wasn't well-written, but I still think you edited a little too much out. But I can't make that part flow any better than it does, so I'll leave it. The part I don't understand is that the Robert Taylor Homes and Stateway Gardens were both built in the late 50s/early 60s. IIT's decline didn't really start until the 1970s, so that kind of shoots my argument...but on the other hand, being IIT students, we know the projects do contribute to the quality of life on campus (perception of safety, etc.)

As for the bad neighborhood thing, we're 2 miles or so from the Stockyards, so the general South side has always had near-slums, especially our portion, hasn't it? I've seen some pictures of the slums where IIT is, actually, but I don't remember the dates on them, so it doesn't help my argument much right now. The center of black culture along State Street is true too, though, so I guess the area must have been decent, or at least a mixed bag, until around 1940. I read an interview with George Danforth, former dean of the architecture school (http://www.artic.edu/aic/libraries/caohp/danforth.pdf, page 5), who graduated in 1935, and he said how the area was declining at the time he went to Armour. Also, the CHA originally built its high-rises in areas to replace slums (the original mission of the CHA was to provide a good alternative to slums) so it seems there must have been slums there before they were built.

Being editor of the TechNews with the history notes as your personal project, I assume you know a lot about the school's history. I'm just starting to research it, but I'm trying to contribute as I can with the knowledge I have. Also, I'd be quite interested in discussing some of this stuff with you at greater length sometime since I've just lately gained quite an interest in the school's colorful past. It's quite interesting to watch them rejuvenate and rediscover a campus that's been kind of like forgotten for 30 years.

LaLuce Mitchell

University infoboxes
Unfortunately, the previous university infobox (Univ taxobox) had been deprecated. Because it was marked as redundant (which I agreed with after I realized that the Univ taxobox was inflexible in terms of entries), I took the liberty to change the infoboxes for all articles that use it and eventually have the infobox marked for deletion. Nevertheless, I will try to add a new entry concerning faculty and see what happens. PentawingTalk 03:45, 23 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I added a "hiddenclass" entry for faculty and likewise placed the entry in the IIT article infobox. Hopefully this change will immediately catch on. PentawingTalk 03:57, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Rettaliata-Mies
Interesting. Thanks for the heads up. The source I had for that was Lynn Becker, Tribune architecture editor. While definitely a third-party source, he certainly is credible, and particularly knowledgable and interested in (or at least claims to be) Mies and modernism in Chicago. But, I presume you already knew where that came from. So, I am quite curious as to this new information that will set the record straight.

Chicago-Kent Photos?
Duncan: I see that you have licensed your photographs under a CC license. Do you have any photos of Chicago-Kent that can be used on the Chicago-Kent College of Law page?

Thanks!

Emanuelbri 03:41, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Duncan - I see that you added a photo of Kent. Thanks!  Great photo, it rounds out the page.  I am planning on adding more content to the article over the next few weeks.

Emanuelbri 15:06, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

Courtesy call
A reply to your comments can be found at my talk page. —BorgHunter ubx (talk) 00:07, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

CHICOTW
I see your user name listed as a member of the WikiProject_Chicago. I do not know if you are aware that we are attempting to revive the CHICOTW. See our results history. We could use additional input in nominating future articles, voting on nominees and editing winning nominees. Should you contribute you will receive weekly notices like the following:

TonyTheTiger 01:08, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Stuart School of Business
Hello. I see you recently edited the Stuart School of Business article. You probably didn't realise it, but a lot of the text you moved over from the IIT article was a straight copy from the school's website, and thus cannot be used on WP:NPOV and copyvio grounds. More text copied from the schools' website was added after you edited the article, and I removed it as POV/spam/copyvio. Regards, Mr Stephen 08:55, 27 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Mr Stephen 12:58, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

IIT GA/R
I have nominated Illinois Institute of Technology for WP:GA/R due to inadequate referencing. I hope the article gets the attention it deserves during this process to retain its quality rating. Please see discussions at Good_article_review. TonyTheTiger (talk/cont/bio/tcfkaWCDbwincowtchatlotpsoplrttaDCLaM) 17:08, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

WP:CHICAGO
You have been marked as an inactive member of WP:CHICAGO since you have not updated your status at WikiProject Chicago/members. If you consider yourself either an active or semi-active member of the project please correct your status. If you consider yourself a member you may want to get involved in the Meetup/Chicago 3. Also, if you are a member, be advised that the project is now trying to keep all the project's WP:PR, WP:FAC, WP:FAR, WP:GAR, WP:GAC WP:FLC, WP:FLRC, WP:FTC, WP:FPOC, WP:FPC, and WP:AFD discussion pages in one location at the new WikiProject Chicago/Review page. Please help add any discussion you are aware of at this location.--TonyTheTiger (t/c/bio/WP:CHICAGO/WP:LOTM) 16:31, 10 August 2008 (UTC)

Wikipedia:WikiProject United States/The 50,000 Challenge
--MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 02:38, 8 November 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Duncanr


text:
User talk:Jpais

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  16:41, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Jpais


text:
User talk:Blackdevil

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the New user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages! That way, others will know who left which comments.
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Though we all make goofy mistakes, here is what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  16:41, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Blackdevil


text:
Tenpō famine

The Tenpō famine (天保の飢饉, Tenpō no kikin), also known as the Great Tenpō famine (天保の大飢饉, Tenpō no daikikin), was a famine that affected Japan during the Edo period. Considered to have lasted from 1833 to 1837, it was named after the Tenpō era (1830–1844), during the reign of Emperor Ninkō. The death toll was estimated between 200,000 and 300,000. The ruling shōgun during the famine was Tokugawa Ienari.

Causes
The famine was most severe in northern Honshū and was caused by flooding and cold weather. The countryside experienced severe rains that drowned crops and unseasonable cold temperatures. In an effort to stem the effects of the famine, the northern domain of Hirosaki banned all exports of rice from 1833 to 1838 - nevertheless, the population of the city decreased by 80,000, more than half of which was from people fleeing the domain itself.

The famine was further deepened by repeat insect infestations and outbreaks of disease. Although the Tenpō famine is considered one of the Four Great Famines of the Tokugawa period, the Japanese demographer Akira Hayami has proposed that the deaths and population decline from the years of the famine were actually caused by the disease outbreaks rather than the famine itself.

Social effects
The Tenpō famine increased the number of beggars throughout northern Japan, who were considered more lawless and unorderly than the beggars seen during the Tenmei famine in the 1780s. In 1837, the town elders of Ōno reported a sharp increase in theft, deterioration of public safety, extortion, and arson. One town elder proposed expelling the entire cohort of vagrants but was vetoed by the town's governor who was worried that this might make the vagrants even more lawless. Beggar tags, which had been a common part of Tokugawa-era beggar control, were implemented in Ōno during the Tenpō famine. In 1838, the Echizen Domain began a system of issuing begging licenses, in the form of hip tags (腰札), to existing beggars and barring entry to new beggars from other domains.

Consequences
Between 1834 and 1840, only eight of Japan's sixty-eight provinces reported a population increase; 27 provinces reported a population decline of 5% of more.

The famine was one of a series of calamities that shook the faith of the people in the ruling bakufu. During the same period as the famine, there were also the Kōgo Fires of Edo (1834) and a 7.6 magnitude earthquake in the Sanriku region (1835). In the last year of the famine, Ōshio Heihachirō led a revolt in Osaka against corrupt officials, who refused to help feed the impoverished residents of the city. Another revolt sprung up in Chōshū Domain. Also in 1837, the American merchant vessel Morrison appeared off the coast of Shikoku and was driven away by coastal artillery. Those incidents made the Tokugawa bakufu look weak and powerless, and they exposed the corruption of the officials who profited while the commoners suffered.

Tenpō reforms
The nationwide Tenpō reforms were a variety of economic policies introduced after the end of the famine in 1841. However, domains across Japan had begun instituting their own reforms during the latter years of the famine. Mito Domain, under Tokugawa Nariaki, implemented four major reforms: a comprehensive land survey, resettlement of samurai to rural areas, the end of the domain's daimyo in Edo, and the establishment of a domain school.

title: Tenpō famine


text:
User:Commander Keane bot

I have just resurrected the bot. I will be testing out pywikibot.py and will submit applications at some stage.

Old stuff
This bot mainly performs Solve_disambiguation.py under my direct attention.--Commander Keane (talk) 04:48, 18 August 2010 (UTC)

Curious about how this bot does Robot-assisted disambiguation link repair (you can help!)?
 * When doing link repair the bot presents me with the article and I make every decision about what to do with every link. The choice is conveniently made by selecting a number and hitting enter.

 * Activities include:
 * running Solve_disambiguation.py to work on Link repair
 * maintenance work:
 * Touch.py, clearing out "What links here"

User talk:Commander Keane bot now redirects to User talk:Commander Keane. The contents from before redirection are in the archive.
 * Upkeep

title: User:Commander Keane bot


text:
User talk:Gaap1234

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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title: User talk:Gaap1234


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User talk:Naomi74

A welcome from Sango123
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title: User talk:Naomi74


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Bergheim, Haut-Rhin

Bergheim is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

It is a completely fortified town and has a late-medieval church, as well as surviving towers and walls. The entire population was wiped out by two wars and the plague in the 17th-18th centuries. To replace the population, thousands of people from other countries were invited to immigrate to Bergheim. The majority of people who immigrated at that times were Swiss, German, Hungarian, Austrian, or Romanian.

The city economy is based on tourism and the viticulture that surrounds the town.

Climate
Bergheim has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Bergheim is 11.0 C. The average annual rainfall is 677.6 mm with May as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 20.0 C, and lowest in January, at around 2.0 C. The highest temperature ever recorded in Bergheim was 38.9 C on 13 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was -16.9 C on 20 December 2009.

title: Bergheim, Haut-Rhin


text:
Talk:John Smith (nephew of Joseph Smith)

Untitled
Edit wars or reality? --MissingLinks 16:43, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Could there be clarification of the pronunciation of the Smith family name please? The article reads, "John Smith (1832-1911), pronounced smiath". However, "smiath" could be pronounced different ways eg. SMY-ath [to rhyme (sort of) with HIGH-hath], SMEE-ath [to rhyme (sort of) with SHE-hath. "smiath" might even be pronounced as SMEE-th. etc. --149.135.24.254 14:43, 8 May 2006 (UTC)--Eric 14:44, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

I'd venture to guess that it came from a vandal who thought it was funny. His father was Hyrum Smith, his uncle was Joseph Smith, Jr., his cousin was Joseph F. Smith, all of whom pronounce their name in the regular way without variation. I've never heard of an alternate pronunciation, and I doubt that's the case, here.--Ryan Reeder 19:35, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

Fair enough, Ryan! Thanks.--Eric 12:28, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

Name Choices
I really think the name for this article, and that of John Smith Sr., is very awkward. Adding Joseph Smith to the generic John Smith may simply entice vandals. Could we consider a change? WBardwin (talk) 22:33, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

 * John Smith (nephew of Joseph Smith, Jr.) (1832–1911), Presiding Patriarch of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
 * John Smith (uncle of Joseph Smith, Jr.) (1781–1854), Presiding Patriarch and member of the First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

 * I'm not sure what else could be used. They have no middle names. They both held the same position (presiding patriarch) in the same church. Apart from their relationship to an otherwise better-known person, the only other thing I can think of that could be used is date of birth or date of death, but those are generally very unhelpful and are avoided. I think how it is now is better than using dates. Using "uncle" in the DAB for the Sr. individual seems especially appropriate since he was widely known as "Uncle John" among members of the LDS Church. Did you have something else in mind to use? Good Ol’factory (talk) 22:59, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 2 external links on John Smith (nephew of Joseph Smith). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050210060939/http://www.lib.utah.edu/spc/mss/accn1567/1567guid.html to http://www.lib.utah.edu/spc/mss/accn1567/1567guid.html

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text:
User talk:Subajay

A welcome from Sango123
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title: User talk:Subajay


text:
User talk:Gabehs

A welcome from Sango123
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P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Gabehs


text:
User talk:Kfadly

A welcome from Sango123
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title: User talk:Kfadly


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Game (cocktail)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Deletion review nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete and ban from the cocktail list --Gareth Hughes 21:55, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

The Game (cocktail)
Cocktail invented July 2005, probably not notable enough for a transwiki to Wikibooks. the wub  "?!"  16:45, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not notable and poorly written.GreetingsEarthling 17:48, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Notability doesn't come into it. Wikipedia is not a cookbook it's an encyclopedia. If this was about the cultural significance or the abstract concepts related to this cocktail, then perhaps it would be encyclopedic. But since it was invented a couple of months ago, there is no possibility that there is enough material to achieve that goal. Also, of course, the final sentence soundly and probably permanently fails the need for verifiability. -Splash talk 21:03, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Its probably been used once ever and it probably tastes crap--81.97.247.206 15:53, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ


text:
User talk:W505W

File:Nmballoonsplate00s.png listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Nmballoonsplate00s.png, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. —  pd_THOR  undefined | 23:47, 12 December 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Nmyellow90s.png

The file File:Nmyellow90s.png has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "unused, low-res, no obvious use"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion.

This bot DID NOT nominate any file(s) for deletion; please refer to the page history of each individual file for details. Thanks, FastilyBot (talk) 01:01, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

File:Nm centennial 100 plate.png listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Nm centennial 100 plate.png, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Stefan2 (talk) 16:37, 25 September 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:W505W


text:
User talk:Saw192837

A welcome from Sango123
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Happy Wiki-ing!

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title: User talk:Saw192837


text:
User talk:Feste~enwiki

A welcome from Sango123
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Feste. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Feste~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 12:52, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Feste~enwiki


text:
B-2LM

"B-2LM" ("Б-2ЛМ") is a Soviet 130 mm two-gun naval artillery turret, based on the "B-13" ("Б-13") gun. Production started in 1939. "B-2LM" was established on several Soviet Navy ships, including the destroyer leader Tashkent, the Ognevoy-class destroyer (Project 30 and 30K), and the Skory-class destroyer (Project 30bis). However, it had a relatively low rate of fire and had a maximum elevation of 45 degrees making it incapable of anti-aircraft fire.

General characteristics

 * Maximum laying speed: vertical - 9.85 degrees per second, horizontal - 9.7 degrees per second
 * Shell weight: 33.5 kg (74 lbs)
 * Initial velocity of the shell: 870 m/s
 * Range: 25,597 m

History
The TTZ (тактико-техническое задание, tactical-technical assignment) for a twin-130 mm gun turret was ordered on April 15, 1936. The preliminary design for the B-2LM was approved on October 19, 1938. Later, the completed design was designed by OKB-172 (formerly Motovilikha Gun Plant and the Motovilikha Machine-Building Plant, later renamed the Perm Machine-Building Plant) and officially accepted on 16 February 1939. A prototype unit would be tested in the LMZ (Leningrad Metal Plant) throughout July—August 1940.

Range testing occurred in two phases with 240 firings, the first from 4 December 1940 until 27 January 1941 (55 days) and the second from 27 April to 27 May 1941 (31 days), totalling 86 days of testing. During testing, the B-2LM performed well and was nominated for service, with three turrets finally being installed on the destroyer leader Tashkent by 8 July 1941, in place of the 130 mm B-13 naval gun. Tashkent would later undergo state ship trials in Sevastopol Bay in July 1941, bearing the new armament.

However, five B-2LM turrets were abandoned in Shipyard No. 183 in Nikolayev (now Mykolaiv) before its capture on 16 August 1941. Serial production would commence in 1942 in Shipyard No. 402 (Severodvinsk), continuing until 1953 in the Bolshevik Plant, Severokramatorsk Machine-Building Plant, and Plant No. 75 (Yurga).

title: B-2LM


text:
User talk:Siebren

Thanks for contributing
Thanks for helping me with the Dead Guy Ale stub. You have made life easier for a fellow wikipedian. --Dschor 23:57, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Siebren


text:
User talk:Shoximpax

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  16:46, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Shoximpax


text:
Valerie Adams

Dame Valerie Kasanita Adams (formerly Vili; born 6 October 1984) is a retired New Zealand shot putter. She is a four-time World champion, four-time World Indoor champion, two-time Olympic, three-time Commonwealth Games champion and twice IAAF Continental Cup winner. She has a personal best throw of 21.24 m outdoors and 20.98 m indoors. These marks are Oceanian, Commonwealth and New Zealand national records. She also holds the Oceanian junior record (18.93 m) and the Oceanian youth record (17.54 m), as well as the World Championships record, World Indoor Championships record and Commonwealth Games record.

Adams was the third woman to win world championships at the youth, junior, and senior level of an athletics event, following the feats of Yelena Isinbayeva and Jana Pittman. She was the first woman to win four consecutive individual titles at the IAAF World Championships. Adams had a winning streak that extended to 56 wins at elite-level competitions, which started in August 2010 and ended in July 2015. She was the IAAF World Athlete of the Year in 2014 and the Track & Field News Athlete of the Year in 2012 and 2013. She had the longest shot put performance of the season every year from 2006 to 2014, bar 2008 when she was second to Natallia Mikhnevich (later banned for doping that year).

Adams won silver medals at the 2012 Summer Olympics (amended to a gold after prior winner Nadzeya Astapchuk was disqualified for doping), 2016 Summer Olympics, 2005 World Championships in Athletics, and the Commonwealth Games in 2002 and 2018. She was also a bronze medallist at the 2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships. While still a teenager, Adams was a finalist at the 2003 World Championships in Athletics and the 2004 Summer Olympics.

At national level, she has won fifteen shot put titles at the New Zealand Athletics Championships between 2001 and 2018, as well as having a hammer throw national title in 2003. Adams also won four times at the Australian Athletics Championships between 2004 and 2008. From 2006 to 2012 she was chosen as the New Zealand Sportswoman of the Year seven times consecutively and has been awarded the Lonsdale Cup on five occasions in recognition as the leading national athlete in an Olympic sport.

Adams retired from athletics competition in 2022. In that year she was appointed to the board of High Performance Sport New Zealand, and was the subject of the documentary Dame Valerie Adams: More than Gold.

Early career
In 1998 Adams met former javelin thrower Kirsten Hellier, who would become her coach for the next 11 years. Adams first came to prominence when winning the World Youth Championships in 2001, with a throw of 16.87 m. She followed this up in 2002 by becoming World Junior champion, throwing 17.73 m, and gained her first international senior placing with the silver medal at the Commonwealth Games, throwing 17.45 m.

She finished fifth at the 2003 World Championships at eighteen years of age. At her first Olympics in 2004, Adams finished seventh (after two athletes' subsequent disqualification), while still recovering from an appendectomy she had just weeks before the competition.

The following year Adams finished third at the World Championships with a personal best throw of 19.87 m. When the original winner, Nadzeya Astapchuk, was disqualified following a 2013 retest of her drug sample from the competition that was found to be positive, Adams' original bronze medal was upgraded to silver. Adams originally finished second at the World Athletics Final in 2005, but was promoted to gold after Astapchuk's results were annulled. At the 2006 Commonwealth Games Adams won the gold medal, breaking the 20-year-old Commonwealth Games record of 19.00 m with a throw of 19.66 m.

First world and Olympic titles
In 2007, Adams went to the Osaka World Championships as a favourite to take a medal due to her being one of only three women to throw over 20 m before the championships. In qualifying, Adams led the field with a throw of 19.45 m. Adams held second place behind Nadzeya Astapchuk throughout the final, but responded well in the last round with a mammoth throw and Commonwealth record of 20.54 m to take the gold. This made Adams one of few female athletes ever to take IAAF World Titles at youth, junior and senior level.

In 2008 Adams broke the Oceania record in winning her first World Indoor Title in Valencia (20.19 m). At the Beijing Olympics, she qualified for the final with the longest distance thrown, 19.73 metres, on her first attempt. She won the gold with a throw of 20.56 m, a personal best, beating Belarusian thrower Natallia Mikhnevich. It was the first Olympic gold medal in track and field for New Zealand since John Walker won the 1500 metre race in 1976. She also won the New Zealand Sports Award of the year in 2008.

At the 2009 Grande Prêmio Rio in Brazil Adams won the competition with a new personal best and Oceanian area record of 20.69 m. The throw was also the world leading distance for the event. In August, Adams won at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin with a throw of 20.44 metres, ahead of the German Nadine Kleinert and Gong Lijiao of China.

At the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships Adams was defeated by Nadzeya Astapchuk by a large margin, in spite of the New Zealander setting a continental record of 20.49 m. Adams announced on 28 March 2010 that she would no longer be coached by Kirsten Hellier after an 11-year partnership. In April 2010 she announced her new coach was Didier Poppe.

Adams was consistently beaten by Nadzeya Astapchuk in the big meetings that season. She set a meeting record and season's best of 20.37 m at the Athletics Bridge meet in Slovakia, later saying that a change in her technique that April had begun to pay dividends.

Later that season she won at the 2010 IAAF Continental Cup with a season's best mark of 20.85 m and also competed at the Commonwealth Games in New Delhi, where she set a Games record mark of 20.47 m to retain her title. In late 2010 Jean-Pierre Egger took over as her coach from Poppe.

World and Olympic repeat
Adams won the 2011 World Championships equalling the championship record 21.24 met by Natalya Lisovskaya in 1987. At the 2012 World Indoor Championships Adams won the competition with a throw of 20.54 m, a new indoors personal best.

Adams originally won the silver medal at the 2012 London Olympics but was promoted to the gold medal after the initial Olympic champion, Nadzeya Astapchuk, failed two drug tests, one a day before the event and the second on the day of the event.

The Belarusian Ostapchuk tested positive for metenolone which is classified as an anabolic agent on the list of banned substances. Adams later recounted how she initially believed Chef de Mission Dave Currie was "telling fibs" upon being told the news. She received the gold medal from the New Zealand Governor-General, Sir Jerry Mateparae, at a special ceremony in Auckland on 19 September 2012.

Fourth world title
Adams won her fourth world championship gold at the 2013 World Championships games in Moscow in August 2013. Her fourth gold medal surpassed Astrid Kumbernuss for most all time by a female shotputter and made her the first woman to win four straight titles in an event at the competition. On 27 September, Adams underwent surgery on her left ankle and right knee, and in March 2014 won her third world indoor championship at Sopot in Poland with a distance of 20.67 m. Her gold medal at the 2014 Commonwealth Games, where she was New Zealand's flag-bearer, was her 54th consecutive event win; the streak began in August 2010.

Later career
Injury caused Adams to withdraw from an attempted defence of her shot put title at the 2014 IAAF Continental Cup and she was ruled out for most of 2015 season for the same reason. During this period she underwent surgeries on her shoulder and elbow in late 2014 and returned for a further operational on her knee in August 2015.

Adams finished second in shot put at the 2016 Summer Olympics with a distance of 20.42 m. She was beaten by Michelle Carter who had a personal best of 20.63 m with her last put of the competition.

In the 2017 New Year Honours, Adams was named a Dame Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit. She skipped the entire track and field that season due to pregnancy.

Adams came in second in the shot put at the 2018 Commonwealth Games on the Gold Coast, Australia, with a seasonal best put of 18.70 m.

Adams won her fourth Olympic medal in July 2021, at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, winning a bronze medal with a best put of 19.62 m.

Adams announced her retirement from athletics competition on 1 March 2022, but will continue to coach Lisa Adams. In October 2022, the documentary film Dame Valerie Adams: More than Gold was released in New Zealand cinemas, depicting Adams' childhood, sporting career and the lead-up to the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Sports administration
In 2022 Adams was appointed to the board of High Performance Sport New Zealand. As at 2023 Adams is serving her third term on the World Athletics Athletes' Commission. In 2019 she was elected deputy chair of the Commission and in 2023 was elected chairperson. She is also serving as chairperson of the Oceania Athletics Athletes' Commission.

Personal life
Adams was born in Rotorua, New Zealand, to a Tongan mother (Lilika Ngauamo) and an English father (Sydney Adams). Her father, who settled in New Zealand after service in the Royal Navy, had a total of eighteen children with five women. She inherited her height from her father, who measures 2.10 m, while her mother was only (1.55 m). Adams' youngest sibling is National Basketball Association player Steven Adams, and two other brothers played professional basketball in New Zealand. Their sister, Lisa Adams, is a retired paralympic champion shot-putter and discus thrower who has cerebral palsy.

Adams was married to Bertrand Vili, a discus thrower from New Caledonia. They used French as their main language and married in 2004 and divorced in early 2010. Adams married Gabriel Price, a friend since childhood, at Temple View in Hamilton on 2 April 2016. The couple have two children: a daughter born in 2017 and a son. In 2023, Adams announced her separation from Price after nearly seven years of marriage.

She is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

International competitions

 * Revised positions
 * 2004 Olympic Games: Promoted to seventh following disqualification of winner Irina Korzhanenko and fourth-place Svetlana Krivelyova
 * 2005 World Championships: Promoted to silver following disqualification of winner Nadzeya Astapchuk
 * 2010 World Indoor Championships: Promoted to gold following disqualification of winner Nadzeya Astapchuk
 * 2012 Olympic Games: Promoted to gold following disqualification of winner Nadzeya Astapchuk

National titles

 * New Zealand Athletics Championships
 * Shot put: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2018
 * Hammer throw: 2003
 * Australian Athletics Championships
 * Shot put: 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009

Circuit wins

 * IAAF Diamond League: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016
 * Shanghai Golden Grand Prix: 2010
 * Adidas Grand Prix: 2010, 2012, 2014
 * British Grand Prix: 2010, 2012, 2014
 * Meeting Areva: 2010, 2011, 2013
 * Herculis: 2010, 2014, 2016
 * Stockholm Bauhaus Athletics: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
 * London Grand Prix: 2010, 2011, 2013
 * Weltklasse Zürich: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
 * Bislett Games: 2011
 * Athletissima: 2012, 2014, 2016
 * Golden Gala: 2012, 2014, 2016
 * Prefontaine Classic: 2013
 * Qatar Athletic Super Grand Prix: 2014
 * Memorial Van Damme: 2014
 * Meeting International Mohammed VI d'Athlétisme de Rabat: 2016
 * IAAF World Athletics Final: 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009

Awards

 * Laureus World Sports Award for Sportswoman of the Year: 2015 nominee
 * IAAF World Athlete of the Year: 2014
 * Track & Field News Athlete of the Year: 2012, 2013
 * New Zealand Listener Power List in Sport: 2008, 2009
 * Member of the Order of Queen Sālote Tupou III (31 July 2008).
 * New Zealand Order of Merit: 2017
 * New Zealand's Sportswoman of the Year: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012
 * Halberg Awards – Supreme Award: 2007, 2008, 2009
 * Lonsdale Cup of the New Zealand Olympic Committee: 2006, 2007, 2011, 2013, 2014

title: Valerie Adams


text:
User talk:Neujahr

A welcome from Sango123
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title: User talk:Neujahr


text:
Brazilian Terrier

The Brazilian Terrier is a breed of dog developed in Brazil. It is one of several terriers and one of the two worldwide recognized native breeds of Brazil.

Origin
One theory about the origin of the breed is that Jack Russell Terriers, Parson Russell Terriers and Fox Terriers were brought to Brazil from Europe in the 1800s and served as the nearest ancestor of the Brazilian Terrier. Another theory is that the breed is derived from Spanish breeds such as the Ratonero Bodeguero Andaluz and Valencian Terrier brought to Brazil in vessels during the period of the Iberian Union.

Appearance
This terrier stands between 13–16 in (35.5-40.5 cm) at the withers. The breed generally weighs between 15-22 lbs (7–10 kg). Its coat is short, sleek, and fine. The coloring is always tri-color (white, tan and black or white, tan and blue or white, tan and brown). A docked tail, narrow chest, flat triangular skull and a well balanced body are the most common characteristics. The ears are half-pricked and folded, with the tip falling down.

title: Brazilian Terrier


text:
User talk:Bakrantz

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title: User talk:Bakrantz


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User talk:Jonaslange~enwiki

A welcome from Sango123
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Jonaslange. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Jonaslange~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:45, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 14:34, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jonaslange~enwiki


text:
User talk:Robertfield

A welcome from Sango123
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title: User talk:Robertfield


text:
Category:Delaware stubs

 * Building and structure stubs relating to Delaware should be tagged with Delaware-struct-stub instead.
 * Geography stubs relating to Delaware should be tagged with Delaware-geo-stub instead.

title: Category:Delaware stubs


text:
User talk:Sdce

A welcome from Sango123
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Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  16:50, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Sdce


text:
Leptotes (plant)

Leptotes, abbreviated Lpt in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids formed by nine small species that grow in the dry jungles of south and southeast Brazil, and also in Paraguay or Argentina. They are small epiphytic plants of caespitose growth that sometimes resemble little Brassavola, as they share the same type of thin terete leaves, though they are more closely related to Loefgrenianthus.

Some species of Leptotes are widely cultivated and form showy displays when completely in bloom although they are not among the easiest to grow. The majority of the species are not cultivated and some are so rare to be almost unknown; five of the nine species have been described since 2000. Besides being cultivated for their ornamental value, there are records of the flowers and fruits of Leptotes bicolor being used as a substitute for vanilla in milk, ice cream, tea and candies.

Distribution
The species of Leptotes were originally discovered in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil and are always seen living epiphytically. Two species have since been found in other countries, L. unicolor in Argentina, and L. bicolor in Paraguay. Three species show a high degree of endemism in the south of Bahia State. The states of southeastern Brazil can be considered the center of its distribution since they host the highest number of species and the Leptotes are most abundant there, however, the range is from the Serra da Jibóia chain of mountains, in Bahia, to the North of Rio Grande do Sul state.

The species in the group that are characterized by wide open flowers, such as Leptotes tenuis and L. pauloensis, are more frequently found in montane cloud forests. L. bicolor has the broadest range and can survive in both the cloud forests and the drier woods on the plateaus of the Serra do Mar chain of mountains. Leptotes unicolor grows optimally in cooler areas, above 700 meters of altitude, and is frequently found growing on Araucaria  and Podocarpus trees in the southern areas of Brazil.

Description
Species assigned to the genus Leptotes have a short cylindrical rhizome. They have small pseudobulbs that almost imperceptibly prolongate in one, rarely two, terete fleshy leaves. They have variable characteristics and can be short or long, erect or hanging, dark green or purple, and often have a wrinkly surface and a deeper ridge in the face. The inflorescence is apical, generally short, and grows from the apex of the pseudobulb without a protecting spathe and bears up to seven flowers, although fewer are more common. The flowers are relatively large when compared to the overall plant dimensions, normally partially bent and in some species forming groups with a very showy aspect. They are fragrant and this perfume can last from ten to twenty days. The appearance of the petals and sepals is similar, both are elongated although the petals are slightly more narrow. Flower colors are generally greenish, white or variable shades of pink and the labellum (a special petal attractive to pollinators) can be spotted in pale yellow, light purple or lilac. The labellum is located along the column and trilobed (three lobes). The lateral lobes are small and raised beside the column, although never involving it. The intermediate lobe is much bigger and quite variable between species. They can have either lanceolate or obovate shape, occasionally be fleshy, flat or bending backwards; in some species they have denticulated edges but are smooth in others. Rarely, calli are present, with claws holding them attached to the sides of the column. The column is short, thick and erect, normally greenish, biauriculated, and bears six pollinia of different sizes, two larger in the center and four smaller in two pairs held by a short caudicle in an arrangement that is unique among orchids. Their fruits are rounded, succulent and have a perfume reminiscent of vanilla.

The agent for the pollination of Leptotes has never been observed. Cássio van den Berg postulates, judging from the colors and morphology of the flowers, that bees are the primary agent, while other orchidologists suspect pollination by hummingbirds is more important.

As the roots of Leptotes rot easily with excessive humidity, the best results for their culture are achieved when they are mounted on plaques of vegetal fiber or tree cork. Watering and fertilizer must be more frequent during active growth periods and less during dormant periods. Ideal growth conditions require an intermediate temperature and exposure to filtered sunlight.

Taxonomic notes
In April 1833, an unknown species from the Serra dos Órgãos mountains of Brazil blossomed in the greenhouse of Mrs. Arnold Harrison, an English collector of orchids homaged in diverse descriptions of noted species such as Bifrenaria harrisoniae and Cattleya harrisoniana. A short time later, Mrs. Harrison sent a drawing and cutting of this plant to the botanist John Lindley, who verified it to be not only a new species but a new genus. In its description, dated the same year, Lindley suggests the name of Leptotes, from the Greek λεπτότητα for mild, delicate, in reference to the appearance of the plant's flowers. He affirmed that Leptotes was similar to Tetramicra, from which it is distinguished by the structures of the pollinarium and by the smaller lateral lobes of the lip petal; and because they have no calcar attached to the ovarium. He also differentiated it from Brassavola by the pollinia and trilobed lip. Lindley then described its type-species, Leptotes bicolor.

In 1838, Lindley received two similar but distinct plants, collected in Macaé de Cima and Ilha Grande, in Rio de Janeiro. He considered them different from the previously described species, because the lateral lobes of the lip were slightly serrated, their flowers were bigger and they occasionally had a second leaf by the pseudobulb; he proposed a new species with the name of Leptotes serrulata. Five years later, the German Count Johann Centurius von Hoffmannsegg noticed that one plant he cultivated had a different green-bluish tone to its leaves and he described the plant calling it L. glaucophylla. When reviewing all the known species of Leptotes at the time, in 1990, Carl Withner revisited the drawings published by Lindley and identified additional differences between L. bicolor and L. serrulata, describing how the latter always bears more flowers, with up to seven per inflorescence, which is also much longer. Today it is accepted, however, that both descriptions are variations of L. bicolor that coexist due to its wide dispersion and multiplicity of populations.

In 1865, Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach received, from an unknown locality in Brazil, the second described species to be accepted today. The plant was quite different from Leptotes bicolor, because of its fewer and smaller rounded flowers, with wide open pale yellowish segments and he published it as L. tenuis. Twelve years later, the third species, Leptotes unicolor, was described by Brazilian botanist João Barbosa Rodrigues. His account described a highly fragrant little species of orchid and he found some colonies with hundreds of plants living epiphytically along the banks of the Dourado and Sapucai rivers, nearby the city of Alfenas, in Minas Gerais. In 1881, Barbosa Rodrigues found another species, this one with longer leaves and slight differences in floral structure, and named it as L. paranaensis after Paraná State where he first found the plant, although today the location near Joinville is located in Santa Catarina. Today this species is considered to be just a variation of L. unicolor, the species he had described four years earlier.

Robert Allen Rolfe received from Brazil, also without information of locality, a plant similar to the Leptotes tenuis species described by Reichenbach over 20 years earlier. Rolfe described it as L. minuta and noted it had much thicker and shorter leaves. This new species was included in Célestin Alfred Cogniaux's revision of Brazilian orchid species, published 1903, but in doing so he was unaware of the variability within the Leptotes species. At the time Cogniaux published his book he had not had the opportunity to check the types of all the other species then described, therefore, he accepted most of them with this remark. In retrospect, it is now more clear that the variation in leaves was due to both the isolation of various populations and because of the different growth conditions in each habitat, and today L. minuta is known as a variation of L. tenuis.

While living in Brazil, the Danish Botanist Johan Albert Constantin Löfgren received an Orchid from Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, with flowers reminiscent of the Leptotes, although its lip petal formed a pouch. He described it as Leptotes blanche-amesiae, also noting it had a pending habit and thin flat leaves. Later work on the genus by Frederico Carlos Hoehne led him to conclude that this species, despite being closely related to the Leptotes, would be better placed in another genus. He proposed the genus Loefgrenianthus, in hommage to Loefgren. In 1934, Hoehne also described a new species, Leptotes pauloensis, naming it so because it was found in São Paulo State. This species is closely related to Leptotes tenuis but its flowers have different colors. For decades taxonomists were divided on whether this should be considered a new species, partly due to the fact it was so rare, indeed, Guido Pabst considered it a synonym of L.  tenuis. Recently many new colonies have been discovered and Withner now proposes that L. pauloensis should be accepted as a separate species.

Consequently, as of 2004, four species of Leptotes were known, three sufficiently different that they can be regarded as well established species, L. bicolor, L. unicolor and L. tenuis, and one, L. pauloensis, that is becoming more frequently accepted by taxonomists.

A recent explosion of descriptions has more than doubled the size of this genus, however, the history of these discoveries starts much earlier. In 1954, one of the associates of Círculo Paulista de Orquidófilos, an orchid society in São Paulo, presented a lecture where he talked informally about the innumerable varieties of Leptotes that he had collected throughout the years. This lecture was printed and distributed in the bulletin of the association. In 2004, Eric Christenson identified at least two of the several varieties mentioned in the lecture to be existing in collections throughout the United States and decided to describe them formally as independent species. One of these plants, Leptotes harryphillipsii, is very similar to L. pauloensis already a problematic species by itself. The other one, L. mogyensis, is unknown to Brazilian scholars and collectors. The sole example is the plant Christenson found in the US, supposedly originated from Mogi das Cruzes, a city nearby São Paulo.

Two other new species described in 2004 belong to the affinity of Leptotes bicolor and were both found by the same surveyor in the region of Buerarema, south of Bahia. Leptotes bohnkiana, named after its finder, can be differentiated because it has a significantly smaller stature, the other, L. pohlitinocoi, mostly by color.

Finally, in 2006 Sidney Marçal de Oliveira discovered the last species to be described, also from Bahia, although an inhabitant of Chapada Diamantina too. This new species, Leptotes vellozicola, is quite distinct from the other species.

According to Cássio van den Berg et al., who studied their phylogeny, Leptotes is very closely related to Loefgrenianthus and both situated between Pseudolaelia and the genus which once used to be classified as Schomburgkia, by some now considered part of Laelia.

Species
The three main characteristics that differentiate between the species of Leptotes are the general proportions of the leaves, the shape of the flowers, and the way the flowers open. From these, the species can be classified into two main groups.

One group is formed by the four species with flowers of elongated segments, which generally are not widely open. These species present malleable inflorescences that leave the flowers slightly or very overthrown, frequently facing down. Almost all the species of this group have long leaves, of comparatively lighter tones, generally with smooth surfaces, that are longer than the inflorescences.

 * Leptotes unicolor is the exception in this group, as it has short, wrinkly and dark leaves. Its flowers, of generally uniform pale pink, always face down. The other species of this group have flowers of stronger colors.
 * Leptotes bicolor is the species with more flowers per inflorescence and with a wider distribution. It is a variable species, even though it is easily identified because of its bicolored flowers, white sepals and petals and purple lip; occasionally it will bear two leaves per pseudobulb. There are some records of this species living as a lithophyte.
 * Leptotes bohnkiana has some similarities to L. bicolor, however, its flowers are one third of the size, with petals and sepals that are proportionally wider, and the adult plant is about half the size. It bares a single flower per inflorescence and has only been found in Bahia.
 * Leptotes pohlitinocoi is closer to L. bicolor but has slightly smaller flowers with all segments completely pink. It only exists in Bahia.

The other group is formed by five smaller species that have more rounded flowers with petals and sepals that are wide open and flatter. The leaves are shorter wrinkly leaves, generally very dark green or purple colored. The species of this group often have only one or two flowers on each inflorescence. Four of them are very similar and sometimes difficult to distinguish.
 * Leptotes vellozicola is the only easily recognizable species in this group as it has a thick central callus next to the apex of the lip petal. It is the only species of this group endemic to Bahia, the other species are from southeast and south Brazil. This species, among all Leptotes, takes the most sunlight in the wild because it is epiphytic on Vellozia, a species with very few leaves. The region where it lives is much drier compared to the areas inhabited by the other species.
 * Leptotes tenuis is the only Leptotes species with pale green, yellowish or white flowers and lilac colored lip. It is a very small and uncommon species from southeastern Brazil.
 * Leptotes pauloensis is a species very similar to L. tenuis and can be separated from it mainly by the opposite distribution of color between the lip and the other sepals and petals, namely, pale lilac petals and sepals and white lip with a yellowish cream mark in the middle. Its distribution overlaps L. tenuis but extends much more into the south.
 * Leptotes harryphillipsii, another species similar to L. tenuis, but with a slightly longer lip and discrete pink stripes on the other petals and sepals, which typically have more vibrant colors. It seems this species has been known for long time but had always been confused with L. pauloensis.
 * Leptotes mogyensis, yet another species related to the L. tenuis group and also resembles L. unicolor except it has white flowers with a deep purple central mark on the lip. There is no record of this plant in the wild. All information comes from a plant found under cultivation in a nursery in California, USA. It might be a rare natural hybrid of the two mentioned species.

title: Leptotes (plant)


text:
User talk:Shivits

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  16:51, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

November 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to the encyclopedia, one or more of the external links you added such as to the page Bakugan Battle Brawlers do not comply with our guidelines for external links and have been removed. Wikipedia is not a collection of links; nor should it be used as a platform for advertising or promotion, and doing so is contrary to the goals of this project. Because Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, external links do not alter search engine rankings. If you feel the link should be added to the article, please discuss it on the article's talk page before reinserting it. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Thank you. —Farix (t | c) 23:37, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shivits