text:
Talk:Leander Perez

Untitled
I wouldn't say this article has POV issues, but it really could benefit from source info. I know some of the Perez family, and they're nothing like what this article portrays. -- SwissCelt 12:13, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Does this article portray anything about the "Perez family"? It seems to me that it says nothing about anyone except Leander Perez.Acsenray 16:46, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, and it does so anecdotally... which is my point. I can match anecdote with anecdote, but neither will give us any true sense of whom Leander Perez was.  Sources will.  It's not just a good idea, it's Wikipedia policy.  -- SwissCelt 17:08, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * That's much better. Thanks, Acsenray! -- SwissCelt 20:05, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You're welcomeAcsenray 14:22, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Edit War?
What exactly is going on here? Why are there repeated attempts to remove the quotations?Acsenray 16:46, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm rather wondering that myself. I have no problem with the quotations, so long as someone can provide source info.  If he said it, we can't deny it. -- SwissCelt 17:08, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Can you guys advise on propriety of rumor?
Is it proper to have a rumor (see Hurricane Katrina section of this article) on a wikipedia page? I thought that the whole idea was that everything must be verified by source.

 * I just marked the section as needing a source. I also cleaned up the section so that it's a complete paragraph. -- SwissCelt 06:03, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

Louisiana's "missing" oil revenue
Hello. I've read a few articles/blogs that somehow lay the blame of Lauisana not getting a cut to offshore oil revnue with Mr. Perez. Anyone have any more information? Thanks! Ewlyahoocom 20:34, 3 May 2006 (UTC)
 * "In 1953, President Eisenhower promised Louisiana 50% of the tax revenue earned from its oil and gas production. One person, Leander Perez, who controlled Plaquemines Parish, didn't think half of the revenues was good enough, and demanded 100%. No one could get him to back off, and as a punishment, Louisiana got nothing at all."
 * "The Truman administration initially offered Louisiana control of the first three miles off its shores and a share of royalties beyond that. But, according to Sen. Mary Landrieu, D-La., Plaquemines Parish boss Leander Perez demanded all of the royalties or nothing -- and the state got nothing."
 * "Leander Perez, the powerful boss of Plaquemines Parish who not only controlled people but also a wealth of mineral rights, refused to take the deal. Perez was a greedy man by all accounts –– he redrew entire city boundaries to move along personal business deals –– so it was no surprise when he held out for 100 percent of all royalties off Louisiana’s shoreline."

Yes, I do! Unfortunately, the facts are greatly muddled by modern day politicians and media types who have non-objective motivations (reelection, ratings, readership, etc.). In reality, simple federalism would lead to the conclusion that the U.S. President lacks the authority to offer on behalf of the country such a deal. Even more absurd is the notion that a Parish President has the authority to accept on behalf of the state any such "deal". Nevertheless, this too is a gross simplification of the issue. The following piece should illustrate how embroiled the issue was at the time and should elucidate the interaction between the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches, which led to the current disparity in treatment between Gulf States. Note that the President's involvement was very brief and tenuous. He was only able to offer an executive order that had no real teeth. That was enough, though to get the process rolling and have the Courts and finally Congress join in the act. In the end, blame rests squarely on Congress' shoulders for forsaking Louisiana. Enjoy!:

The debate of how to finance the recovery of Southern Louisiana in the wake of hurricanes Katrina and Rita has recently focused on Louisiana’s greatest resource, offshore minerals. Some Louisianans and Americans were shocked to find that Louisiana is entitled to offshore mineral rights three miles from its coast while Texas and Florida reap those same benefits to ten miles. Fashionable as it is to cast politicians as self-serving and corrupt – especially those hailing from Louisiana, it is natural that blame for such inequities has often come to rest on the white linen shoulders of Louisiana politicians.

It will likely surprise Americans – and Louisianans alike – to learn that this disparity is not the result of sweaty, back-room, bayou politics that lined the pockets of the powerful and left citizens holding the bag. Instead, the federal government defined the coastal states’ mineral rights. The resulting inequity can only be remedied by additional federal action. A brief history illustrates this point.

The oil and gas industry drilled its first over-water well in Louisiana in 1910. In 1940, a major oil field was discovered in Louisiana. In 1945, recognizing potential ownership and jurisdictional issues, President Truman proclaimed “exclusive jurisdiction” over the resources on and below the continental shelf of the United States, which was comprised of offshore water bottoms or “submerged lands.” Exec. Proc. No. 2667, 10 F.R. 12303 (1945). In 1947, Louisiana drilled its first well out of sight of land. Since the true meaning of President Truman’s proclamation of “exclusive jurisdiction” had not yet taken form, Louisiana argued that it owned all submerged lands and minerals offshore of its coast. Louisiana contended that its fragile coast line, infrastructure, and people supported the extraction efforts and paid the price in wetlands destruction, wildlife habitat loss, road and port maintenance, sweat, blood, and human lives.

In 1947, U.S. Attorney General Tom Clark filed a lawsuit in the U.S. Supreme Court against California, U.S. v. California, and sought to use President Truman’s 1945 proclamation to assert federal ownership over submerged lands. 332 U.S. 19, (1947). Therein, the Court held that the federal government had “paramount rights” in those submerged lands off of California’s Pacific coast. The Court later extended the principles of U.S. v. California to the Gulf States’ submerged lands, including Louisiana, in 1950. U.S. v. State of Louisiana, 339 U.S. 699 (1950). The Court’s “paramount rights” language, equally as vague as President Truman’s “exclusive jurisdiction” language, gave way to clarification efforts by the U.S. Congress. Accordingly, in 1953, Congress passed and President Eisenhower signed the Submerged Lands Act (“SLA”). 43 USC 1301. The SLA declared that all submerged lands and minerals beyond three miles of a state’s shores were owned by the U.S. However, if a Gulf Coast State could prove in court that its boundary was greater than three miles, it would be entitled to the submerged lands and minerals out to that boundary but not to exceed three leagues (approximately ten miles). To prove such a boundary, the Act declared that the operative border was the one that was in place at the time of the State’s entry into the Union.

Again, the stage was set for legal battle. In 1960, the Gulf Coast States, including Louisiana, attempted to prove the maximum three league boundaries in U.S. v. States of Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. 363 U.S. 1 (1960). Following Congress’ direction, the Court analyzed each state’s Act admitting it to the Union. The Act of 1812, which admitted Louisiana to the Union and was thereby the operative boundary according to the SLA, reads in part as follows: “. . . to the Gulf of Mexico; thence, bounded by said gulf, to the place of beginning, including all islands within three leagues of the coast. . . .”

Louisiana made several arguments. One of which was that it was logical to conclude that if islands three leagues from Louisiana’s coast were within Louisiana’s boundary according to the Act of 1812, then the submerged lands adjacent to those islands must also be within Louisiana’s boundary. The federal government countered that the Act of 1812 mentioned nothing of the surrounding submerged lands; therefore, it was impossible to contemplate Louisiana owning submerged lands beyond three miles. Amazingly, the Supreme Court sided with the federal government and held that Louisiana’s boundary was three miles from shore.

In that same case, the Court held that Texas was entitled to submerged lands three leagues from its coast based on an 1836 Act passed internally by the Texas Congress that read as follows: “. . . running west along the Gulf of Mexico three leagues from land, to the mouth of the Rio Grande. . . .” Although it sounds very similar to the verbiage in the Act of 1812, the result was vastly different.

When it passed the SLA, it is difficult to believe that U.S. Congress intended to treat neighboring states so differently. It is incredulous, though, that Congress did nothing to amend the Act to provide equally for sister states once the Court exposed the discrepancy that the SLA created. After all, it is understandable that a nearly 200 year old document (the Act of 1812) is silent about offshore submerged lands rights. - FWIW: It's true that the president can't promise a particular deal that requires legislation and it's true that a parish D.A. in Louisiana couldn't have accepted it. But the political reality was that Truman could well have promised that he would push for a deal with the broad outlines he allegedly proposed, and may well have had the congressional leadership on board.

More importantly, Perez was convinced, as the legal brains behind the state's push to control offshore production, that he could win at the Supreme Court. And he was so determined to prove how smart he was, that he put major pressure on then-governor Earl Long to reject any settlement offer like the one allegedly made. And that pressure consisted mostly of promising to defeat Earl's nephew (and Huey Long's son) in his bid to become U.S. Senator in 1948. In those days, the Plaquemines voting system was so corrupt that on occasion entire precincts were recorded as voting for a single candidate, having shown up to sign the voter roll in alphabetical order. On other occasions, more voters were cast for the wining candidate in the parish than there were registered voters, with some votes left over for the opposition candidate. So the threat to defeat the younger Long was very real.CowboyinBRLA (talk) 05:42, 23 February 2014 (UTC)Cowboyinbrla

Leadership of what?

 * In the 1950s and 1960s, Perez became a nationally prominent opponent of desegregation, taking a leadership role along with William M. Rainach, Shelby M. Jackson, Strom Thurmond, George C. Wallace, Sr., and Ross Barnett.

Leadership role in what? What common organization connected those above except maybe the Democrat Party? 68.50.107.169 01:58, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

Popular support and visibility.

 * He funded the Dixiecrats, and was almost singlehanded in attempting to keep that movement alive after 1948. (See the passage in Jeansonne's book footnoted in the Dixiecrat article; in fact, read Jeansonne's book as a whole.) -- Orange Mike  |   Talk  22:11, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

Pronunciation
I'm inclined to remove the text saying "(pronounced PE REZZ)". Does this make anything clear that otherwise would have been confusing? If we need a pronunciation, perhaps IPA would be better? Wondering, -- Infrogmation 06:28, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

Tomb
Rather belatedly related to material since removed from the article a few months ago, I was in Metairie Cemetery yesterday and snapped this photo of Judge Leander Perez's tomb. He is apparently buried within the city of New Orleans. -- Infrogmation 17:27, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

I thought that bill buckley said that he was a rhodes scholar? I saw him once on Buckley's firing line and he was no slouch. — … ‘ “ ’ ” ° ″ ′ ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥ ± − × ÷ ← → · § —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.130.233.30 (talk) 15:36, 7 May 2009 (UTC)

In English, Please
"Perez had once chaired the powerful Louisiana Democratic State Central Committee, in which capacity he threatened to remove senatorial candidate Russell B. Long from the rooster emblem. Perez toyed with designating the official Democratic mantle to the Republican Senate candidate Clem S. Clarke, a Shreveport oilman."

"rooster emblem"?? "designating ... mantle to ..."??

I'd fix them if I could figure out what was being said - or attempting to be said Irish Melkite (talk) 10:15, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

Ancestry
What is Mr. Perez's background? I noticed that it was conspicuously omitted from the article. How did whites at the time perceive Mr. Perez versus other "latinos?" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.91.26.152 (talk) 01:28, 30 June 2012 (UTC)

Well he was directly descended from Spanish settlers so he was white. Spaniards are white. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.15.199.144 (talk) 03:01, 21 October 2012 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120331181203/http://files.usgwarchives.org/la/plaquemines/obits/perez.txt to http://files.usgwarchives.org/la/plaquemines/obits/perez.txt

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Adding citations
I am leaving this message out of courtesy to other editors interested in the present article. Having become aware of Perez as a result of contributing to the article on Richard Sobol, I have today been standardising the format of existing citations for consistency throughout the article, per MOS:CITEVAR. This largely cosmetic task was to prepare the next effort of adding more citations to the existing content, as well as adding more content based on some of the sources to which I have access. If anyone else would like to contribute to this effort, then I'd certainly be happy to participate as a team member. Thank you. With kind regards; Patrick. ツ Pdebee.(talk)(become old-fashioned!) 20:14, 27 October 2022 (UTC)

Citations Egregiously Lacking
There are still almost zero citations on this page for major, serious allegations of embezzlement, election fraud, bribery, etc. There are allegations of inciting a mob to mass violence which are not sourced! The entire article centers around these claims, which are not sourced, and do not appear in any of the actually-accessible references. I'm not going to comb through the edit history, but talk page suggests these issues have existed for eighteen years! Several of the few citations which do exist are in fact tangential to the actual subject of the article! 173.163.95.97 (talk) 20:49, 28 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Leander Perez


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User talk:Wizzent

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The last sentence is a little bit unclear. I assume that it means the cards are free of Cobalt(II) chloride? Cheers. CambridgeBayWeather 12:16, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Wizzent


text:
Academia Británica Cuscatleca

The Academia Británica Cuscatleca (ABC) is an established and highly regarded international bilingual school in El Salvador. It is a community of some 1400 students and is fully accredited by Council of International Schools (CIS), the International Baccalaureate Organisation (IBO), the International Primary Curriculum (IPC) and the Values-Based Trust for Education (VBFT).

The United Kingdom Department for Education number of the school is 7036495. Applications to attend the school should be made via the Admissions link on the school website. The School recruits staff from overseas and from El Salvador each year. Positions are posted on the Recruitment link on the school website.

The ABC is the school of the Fundación Escolar Británico Salvadoreña, a non-profit foundation established in 1970 to provide a British/Salvadoran international style education. The school is values-based seeking to develop "responsible outstanding citizens" who will make a difference in the world. The school received the Values-based education Quality Mark following a visit by Dr Neil Hawkes. The school actively promotes its agreed shared values through all aspect of school life. The school's motto is 'Effort leads to success'

History
The Fundación Escolar Británico Salvadoreña was founded in 1970 and the ABC was opened in February 1971 and has been an International Baccalaureate Diploma school since 1982. The school is fully accredited by the Council of International Schools. The school actively participates in the Duke of Edinburgh International Award and the International Global Citizens Award.

Academic programme
The ABC consists of a Primary school and a Secondary school within a supportive overall school structure. The academic programme includes the English National Curriculum, the International Primary Curriculum, the University of Cambridge IGCSE (up to June 2024), the International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme (accredited 2022) and Diploma Programme, and the Salvadoran Ministry of Education requirements. The school became the first IPC accredited school in Latin America in 2017.

Primary school
The Head of Primary and two Deputy Headteachers have overall responsibility for the school, coordinating a staff of over 50 teachers and 27 Teaching Assistants. Senior members of the teaching staff co-ordinate each key stage, subject area and grade level group. Full-time learning assistants provide support in the classrooms from Pre-Kinder to 3rd grade, with additional assistants supporting Numeracy and Literacy in the 4th and 5th grade.

Throughout the Primary School, lessons are based on the English National Curriculum and the International Primary Curriculum. Swimming, Physical Education and Music are integral parts of the curriculum. Theatrical productions, fairs and student assemblies, are also an important part of school life. All subjects are taught in English, with the exception of Physical Education and Spanish.

The Lower Primary (ages 3–7 years) consists of the Pre-Kinder, Kinder, Preparatoria and 1st Grade classes, with class sizes varying between 25 and 28 students. The generous staffing allows children in the Lower Primary to be taught for a significant part of their day in half groups. The youngest children follow the Foundation Stage Curriculum of England within a Reggio Emilia learning philosophy. There is a clear emphasis on hands-on, multi-sensory activities based on the students' own experiences. As the students begin to develop an awareness of the world around them, they are also introduced to the concepts of reading, writing and numbers. Students also follow a separate Spanish curriculum.

The Upper Primary part of the school comprises 2nd grade through to 5th grade and also provides the students with an education based on the English National Curriculum and the International Primary Curriculum. Class sizes vary between 23 and 28 students with some of the lessons taught in half classes and smaller groups. Students in Upper Primary continue to follow a cross-curricular approach to learning incorporating Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Citizenship and 'Life Skills" (Personal, Social and Health Education or PSHE) together with lessons on major Salvadoran environmental and historical issues, which are included in the educational programme.

Students in the Upper Primary section also follow a separate Spanish curriculum, although many of the concepts which are taught in Science, Mathematics and Humanities, are also covered in Spanish. In this way, important concepts are reinforced and students learn much of the vocabulary in both languages.

Secondary school
The Secondary School is led by the Head of Secondary, two Deputy Heads and a Secondary Leadership Team. The Secondary Section has over 60 members of staff including teachers and support staff and is organised into curriculum areas which are coordinated by Heads of Department. The school achieves relatively high academic standards.

Grades 6 to 8: for teaching purposes, each grade is divided into five classes with approximately 20 students per class. Generally, students are taught in mixed ability groups although there is some setting in Mathematics and languages. All students study a broad and balanced core of subjects: English, Mathematics, Science, Spanish, History, Geography, Art, Technology, Music, Drama, ICT, French and Physical Education. The school follows the requirements of the International Baccalaureate with additions for local conditions and opportunities.

Grades 9 and 10: students historically followed a 2-year course leading to the International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) from the University of Cambridge. As well as studying the English Language, and Literature, Spanish Language and Literature, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology students have the option of studying History, Geography, Economics, Computer Studies, Music, Art, French or Drama. One of these is expected to be a humanities option. In 2024 the final class of students will take their IGCSE exams. From 2025 onwards, students in Grade 10 (UK Year 11) will take the MYP certificate. The programme includes the full eight subject groups of the MYP with an additional ninth option to allow in-depth study of an extra humanities, arts or languages subject.

Grade 11 and 12: students follow the 2-year International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme. In addition to studying English, Spanish, Mathematics, a Science subject (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) and a Humanities subject (Psychology, Geography, History, Economics, Business Management, Digital Society). Students are also able to choose a sixth subject from French, Art & Design, Film Studies, Theatre Studies, Computer Science, a second Science subject or a second Humanities subject. Three subjects are studied at Higher Level and three at Standard Level. Students undertake a Theory of Knowledge Course, write an extended essay, and undertake community service.

In addition to the IGCSE/MYP and IB examinations, the school also facilitates TOEFL, PSAT and SAT examinations and offers vocational tests.

All graduating Salvadoran students also sit for the national AVANZO examination which, together with their studies for IB, allows them to gain the Salvadoran Bachillerato (school leaving certificate).

Students who are not achieving their full potential may be referred to Student Services, formerly known as the Learning Support Unit (LSU), staffed by qualified educational psychologists, who help the teachers and students through a diagnosis of problems and the design of individualised teaching and learning strategies.

For pastoral and many extra-curricular purposes the Secondary School is "Tribally" based. There are Heads of Year in charge of their respective year group and tutor teams. There is a tutor period to deal with pastoral matters at the start of each school day.

Extracurricular activities: a full programme of extra-curricular activities is offered ranging from sports to the arts. The school has a Tribal (i.e. "House") system of internal school competitions. The school also prepares students to compete within various national and international competitions under the Team Sports Programme.

The school has a Student Government (including Head students). There is an ‘in-house'-produced school magazine.

The school actively supports the local community through its many student-led charitable projects. This takes the form of fundraising efforts to actual hands-on work in local old people's and children's homes. Students gain credit for this in the International Baccalaureate's Creativity, Action and Service programme (CAS).

School graduates: on average, 80 – 90 students graduate from the ABC each academic year. Of these, 45–50% graduate with Honours, and around 90% obtain the IB Bilingual Diploma, with the remaining students obtaining individual IB subject certificates.

The exact numbers vary from Class to class but following graduation generally, up to half of the students go on to study at universities within the United States or Canada, some go to the United Kingdom and other European countries, others go to other Latin American universities including Costa Rica and Mexico while the remainder enter local Salvadoran Universities.

Shared whole-school facilities
The school campus covers 13 acre and has a 25 m swimming pool, a learning pool, an athletics track and field enclosing a football pitch, basketball and volleyball courts, an archery range as well as a fully resourced sports auditorium. There is a lecture/drama theatre with seating for 108, a drama studio and a multi-purpose and media-equipped performing arts centre that can seat up to 500 provides an excellent setting for assemblies, musical and drama productions, meeting and performing spaces and art exhibition area.

There is also an auditorium block housing the music department, which consists of a large band room plus two music classrooms and separate practice areas.

School owned laptops are used in both Primary and Secondary Schools. Students in Grades 6 and up are required to have their own laptop and for those families who cannot provide one, a lending service is provided on a daily basis.

Primary school facilities
The Lower Primary area accommodates the younger students from 3 to 6 years old. This area has 18 single-story, purpose-built classrooms. Each classroom has a computer and large monitor with Internet and intranet access, as well as its own outdoor patio area. All classes in the Lower Primary section have the use of a grassed playground and a solar-heated swimming pool. This section also features an office area, music room, first aid post, assembly area, staff room and Sala Cuna (where children waiting for their parents are taken care of).

The Upper Primary area of the school accommodates the students from 6 to 11 years. Here, there are 22 single-storey classrooms, the Art room, and the Jubilee Building, which houses a combined Library/computer area, together with a Science suite, staff room and offices. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd grade are housed in single-story classroom blocks which also include a Spanish room, the Learning Support Unit and a school resource room. A two-story block of 6 classrooms houses the 4th and 5th grade. All of the Upper Primary classrooms are also equipped with a computer and large monitor with Internet and intranet access, and laptop carts are available for student use. The two Upper Primary playground areas incorporate an outdoor theatre, adventure playground and small games areas.

Secondary school facilities
The Secondary School has 30 classrooms each with a PC computer, large monitor and a digital projector. Departments have access to laptop trolleys to facilitate their use in the classrooms and a state-of-the-art Learning Resources Centre (winner of a Central American environmental design award) with a central area housing 24 Apple Macs. There are 10 well-resourced science laboratories and 3 large Art and Design rooms.

title: Academia Británica Cuscatleca


text:
User talk:Mit-Mit

Contact me either in english or french (or whatever you want, but in this case, I should have difficulties to understand and answer...) here.

title: User talk:Mit-Mit


text:
User:Mit-Mit

Mit-Mit, from the french wikipedia.

See more on my user page (in french).

I don't know now why I've created this account, but I should contribute in Signal processing and Savoy. (if somebody correct my textes)

title: User:Mit-Mit


text:
Serbian National Theatre

The Serbian National Theatre (Српско народно позориште), located in Novi Sad, is one of the major theatres of Serbia.

History
The Serbian National Theatre was founded in 1861 during a conference of the Serbian National Theatre Society, composed of members of the Serbian Reading Room (Srpska čitaonica), held in Novi Sad. It is one of the oldest professional theatres among the South Slavs, as the Croatian National Theatre was established in 1860 and the Slovenian National Theatre was founded in 1867 as well.

The current building of the theatre was opened in March 1981. The first general manager of the Serbian National Theatre was Jovan Đorđević and the second was Dimitrije Mihailović. The founding fathers were: Dr. Jovan Andrejević-Joles, Svetozar Miletić, Stevan Branovački, Jovan Jovanović Zmaj, Jovan Đorđević, Dimitrije Ružić, Dimitrije Marković Kikinđanin, Nikola Nedeljković, Dimitrije Mihailović, Kosta Hadžić, Mihailo Gavrilović, Mihailo Racković, Mladen Cvijić, Stevan Čekić and Draginja Popović-Ružić.

An annual theatre festival Sterijino pozorje is held in Serbian National Theatre since 1956.

title: Serbian National Theatre


text: Category:Schools in El Salvador

title: Category:Schools in El Salvador


text:
Acacia cyclops

Acacia cyclops, commonly known as coastal wattle, cyclops wattle, one-eyed wattle, red-eyed wattle, redwreath acacia, western coastal wattle, rooikrans, rooikrans acacia, is a coastal shrub or small tree in the family Fabaceae. Native to Australia, it is distributed along the west coast of Western Australia as far north as Leeman, and along the south coast into South Australia. The Noongar peoples of Western Australia know the plant as wilyawa or woolya wah.

Description
It is found in locations exposed to coastal winds, red-eyed wattle grows as a dense, dome shaped shrub; this helps protect against salt spray, sand-blast and erosion of soil at the roots. When sheltered from the wind, it tends to grow as a small tree typically to a height of 0.8 to 4 m but can reach as high as 8 m. Like many other Acacia species, red-eyed wattle has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The phyllodes range from four to eight centimetres long, and from six to twelve millimetres wide. Its flower heads are bright yellow spherical clusters. Very few flower heads are produced at a time, but flowering occurs over a long period, from early spring to late summer, between September and May. This is unusual for Acacia species, which normally flower in one brief but impressive display.

Both the common and species names refer to the appearance of the pods when first open in late spring: each shiny black seed is encircled by a thick orange-red stalk, resembling a bloodshot eye.

Red-eyed wattle can be used to help stabilise coastal sands. It was introduced into Africa for this purpose, but it has spread rapidly and is now a serious pest in southern Africa, where it is known as rooikrans (in Afrikaans, "red garland"). The introduction of the gall-forming cecidomyiid Dasineura dielsi as a biological control has had only limited success in the effective control of this weed.

The green seed pods may be used as a natural soap, by crushing them and using the pods with water to wash with.

Taxonomy
The species was first formally described by the botanist George Don in 1832 in the work A General History of Dichlamydeous Plants. It was reclassified as Racosperma eglandulosum in 2003 by Leslie Pedley and transferred back to the genus Acacia in 2006. Many synonyms of the species are known including Acacia cyclopis, Acacia mirbeli and Acacia eglandulosa.

It is thought to be related to Acacia redolens and is quite similar to Acacia veronica. It is about as drought tolerant as Acacia saligna but also able to tolerate sea spray.

The specific epithet is taken from the large black seed which is enclosed in bright red tissue.

Distribution
It is found along coastal areas in the Mid West, Wheatbelt, Peel, South West, Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia from Geraldton in the north, to Augusta in the south and east to the South Australian border. It is found in limestone areas and on and around sand dunes growing in sandy soils. In South Australia it is also found to have a discontinuous distribution from the border eastwards to around Yorketown and Yorke Peninsula and on Kangaroo Island. It is often part of coastal heath or scrubland communities in sandy or loamy soils.

A. cyclops has invaded similar habitat in other areas within Australia, mostly semi-arid regions of inland south-eastern South Australia where it is considered a problem. It is also found in parts of South Africa along roadsides and waterways as well as parts of California in wetland habitats and among riparian communities.

In South Africa it is considered to be one of the most widespread alien invasive species, though the roots are susceptible to attack by various species of Ganoderma fungi. A. cyclops is problematic in coastal and lowland parts of the Cape Provinces. The species was introduced in the 1830s where it was used as a dune stabiliser and by 1975 it occupied around 300000 ha of coastal lowlands, and sandy river valleys of inland areas forming dense thickets.

Uses
Indigenous Australians grind the seeds into a flour to make damper, the seeds are a good source of carbohydrates, fats and protein. The seeds pods are also crushed while still green to make an insect repellent and sunscreen that is also used to treat eczema. The pods can also be used to make a soap solution. The edible gum exuded from the trunk can be used as chewing gum or to make a glue. The wood is used to make a variety of tools and the rotten wood is a good source of witchetty grubs.

title: Acacia cyclops


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Northern Ireland Young Communist League

Northern Ireland Young Communist League was a political youth movement in Northern Ireland, it was formed in 1968. It was the youth wing of the Communist Party of Northern Ireland. It was later amalgamated into the Connolly Youth Movement, following the merger of the party with the Irish Workers League to form the Communist Party of Ireland in 1970.

title: Northern Ireland Young Communist League


text: Template:Kana gojuon sidebar

title: Template:Kana gojuon sidebar


text: Category:Education in El Salvador

title: Category:Education in El Salvador


text:
Orbital module

The orbital module is a compartment of some space capsules used only in orbit. It is separated from the crewed reentry capsule before reentry. The orbital module provides 'habitat' space to use in orbit, while the reentry capsule tends to be focused on the machinery needed to get seated passengers back safely, with heavy structural margins. These have been developed for the Soyuz spacecraft.

Soyuz orbital module
The orbital module is a spherical part of Soviet-Russian Soyuz space capsule series. Designed for use only in orbit, the module does not need to be strengthened to survive re-entry, allowing it to provide more usable space for less weight than other crewed capsule designs.

It serves mainly as a living compartment during orbital flight, and when used as a space station ferry it stores cargo on ascent and is filled with trash which burns up on descent. On early Soyuz missions the module was used for experiments and even as an airlock for the Soyuz 4/Soyuz 5 EVA crew transfer.

Shenzhou orbital module
In the Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft, the orbital module has been upgraded to carry its own solar panels and orbital maneuver system, so it is capable of operating independently as an uncrewed free-flying spacecraft after separating from the reentry module and the service module.

title: Orbital module


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dark Wings

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 07:00, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Dark Wings
Delete Non notable novel. Mylakovich 17:25, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, it is not published, and therefore not verifiable by reasonable means. Trollderella 17:32, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It's unpublished, so delete but good luck to the authors in dealing with themes of sadism and disability in an original, unexploitative manner. The Land 18:35, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unpublished.--Isotope23 19:33, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN --Rogerd 04:08, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Robert McClenon/FuelWagon Archive

3 October 2005, 0258 GMT
Robert,

There is a dispute going on between myself and SlimVirgin and her meatpuppet Jayjg. (Jayjg edits in support of SlimVirgin but seldom bothers to explain himself. He is simply backing SlimVirgin at whatever page she requests).

The dispute is whether or not the instructions for the user RfC reflect the way arbitration and user RfC's actually work or whether they invoke the boogeyman and push SlimVirgin's personal opinion of user RfC's.

Do you wish to help settle this dispute? Or do you wish to bootstrap the dispute into changing policy?

You can only do one or the other.

Now, the thing of it is that you've been showing up at user RfC's and article RfC's offering your opinions on the various matters at hand attempting to resolve problems, point out troubles, and whatnot.

But in the dispute between SlimVirgin and myself, you aren't actually resolving our dispute, you've been advocating your own crusade to change policy.

At this point you are becoming part of the problem. I have a feeling that you think you're doing what you think is best, but you're not. If you haven't noticed, SlimVirgin has not once attempted to resolve anything around this or any other dispute. Never. If you haven't noticed, she reverts to her own version and claims it is Sams. If you haven't noticed, Jayjg has been her meat puppet from the beginning. He doesn't even care about the process, but he's backing up SilmVirgin because she backs him up. If you haven't noticed, they will use any argument necessary to get their way without conceeding anything, including your little history lesson of years past.

You are either completely unaware of their behaviour or you are simply too wrapped up in your crusade to "fix" the dispute resolution system based on your impression of flaws.

Lemme clue you in here. SlimVirgin and Jayjg are part of the problem with the dispute resolution system. And admin and an arbiter that act as a tag team on content disputes and on policy disputes.

You seriously need to get a reality check here. It isn't simply an issue with policy. SlimVirgin is a POV warrior and Jayjg is her backup man.

She is fighting my attempts to add "conspiracy theory" to the "words to avoid list" because she wants to label as fact that the claim that Isreal knew of the 9-11 attack and warned Jews to get out of the towers as a conspiracy theory. Never mind the fact that colloquial usage of the term "conspiracy theory" means "what you are about to hear is a load of crap".

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Words_to_avoid&di ff=23367021&oldid=23366368

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Words_to_avoid&di ff=24104720&oldid=24104657

In the Refusal to serve in the isreali army, slimvirgin deletes the phrase "occupied terrirties" from the article. I add it as a sourced quote with a URL. Jayjg deletes it calling it "POV pushing" and SlimVIrgin gets in on the act. They delete sourced quotations clearly attributed to the source, calling these quotaions "POV pushing".

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Refusal_to_serve_in_the_Israeli_ military&diff=next&oldid=24130066

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Refusal_to_serve_in_the_Israeli_ military&diff=next&oldid=24193638

SlimVirgin and Jayjg attempt to delete the section about modern day Israel from the "Historical persecution by Jews"

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Historical_persecution_by_Jews&d iff=24428026&oldid=24241129

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Historical_persecution_by_Jews&d iff=24430846&oldid=24430761

Now, you can either pretend that the only problems with wikipedia are "policy" and how the "dispute resolution" process works, or you can get that SlimVirgin and Jayjg are part of the problem. Their attitude is non-negotiable. They do not tolerate content they do not agree with and they do not compromise.

Have you been keeping track? I have been willing to use different versions of text proposed by Sam or some changes proposed by you on the RfC instruction page. SlimVirgin and Jayjg have not.

They are calm, cool, collected, very friendly, POV warriors. They do not compromise. And they will use your history lesson and your attempts to "fix" the dispute resolution process to make sure that RfC policy is worded exactly the way they want it.

So, do you want to focus strictly on fixing policy? Or do you want to solve a very real problem? Do you want to worry about how the dispute resolution process should be designed, or do you want to resolve a real dispute?

Have you been paying attention to SlimVirgin and Jayjg at all? Have you not noticed how they have never once compromised? How SlimVirgin asks for specific objections to her wording but provides no specific objections to Sam's compromise? Have you not noticed the one-way street with these two?

Have you noticed that SlimVirgin cannot stand criticism? She pushed her way into the Bensaccount RfC and attempted to call it "another" bad faith RfC by me. THe only other RfC that I initiated was the one against her. On the Bensaccoutn RfC, she ended up deleting criticism of her behaviour on the Bensaccount RfC talk page, twice, until someone else told her she was being petty.

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Requests_for_comm ent/Bensaccount&diff=next&oldid=22336736

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Requests_for_comm ent/Bensaccount&diff=next&oldid=22337240

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Requests_for_comm ent/Bensaccount&diff=next&oldid=22337760

An admin who cannot stand criticism. An admin who calls criticism of her editing behaviour to be a personal attack, an ad hominem attack, an NPA violation. She did the exact same thing on the Terri Schiavo article. WHen she made a massively bad edit of the article and recieved a massive critical response, she NEVER acknowledge that her edit contained a single mistake. NOT ONCE. When user Neuroscientist wrote a very detailed and technical explanation as to all the problems with her edit, all she ever said was she didn't like his personal remarks. And Ed Poor warned him to be careful of violating NPA.

Admins who cannot stand criticism of their behaviour, who cannot stand criticism of their edits, who respond to legitmate criticism as a NPA violation. This is a far bigger problem to wikipedia than what steps are designed into the dispute resolution process or whether a user RfC should be called a Request for user inquiry or not.

So, I'm asking you that if you really want to help improve wikipedia as much as I do, then do not get lost in the details of designing process. Deal with the problems that come with haveing a POV warrior tag team who also happen to be some of the highest ranking editors at wikipedia. Deal with the problems that come with having administrators who must put themselves in teh middle of a dispute, but who cannot stand criticism of their actions, no matter how legitimate the criticism.

FuelWagon


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List of power stations in Scotland

This list of power stations in Scotland includes current and former electricity-generating power stations in Scotland, sorted by type. Scotland is a net exporter of electricity and has a generating capacity of over 10 GW. None of this is generated by conventional oil- or gas-burning power stations. Instead there is one large gas turbine power station and one large nuclear power station, as well as several hydro-electric schemes, predominantly in the Highlands, comprising over 80 generating stations with a combined capacity of 1.4 GW. Scotland also has an increasing number of wind farms, due to the large proportion of upland areas. As of July 2010, there were 100 operating wind farms in Scotland with a combined capacity of 8 GW; and a further 96 projects under construction or consented, with capacity of 2 GW. A number of other power plants include experimental wave power and tidal power generators, and Steven's Croft near Lockerbie which is the UK's largest wood-fired biomass power station. Since 2016, no coal fired power stations operate in Scotland.

A pink background denotes a power station that is no longer operational, and a green background denotes a power station that is currently operational.

Pumped-storage hydro-electric
Hydroelectricity relies on gravity to propel water through power-generating turbines. The difference in height between the turbine and the water source is known as the "head". Scotland has two pumped-storage hydro-electric power stations, which pump water back up to a storage reservoir during periods of off-peak demand. Although claimed to be the first such station in the world when it opened in 1965 by the Visit Cruachan website, Drax Group PLC's Cruachan Power Station was preceded by the Ffestiniog Power Station in North Wales, which opened in 1963, and on a smaller scale by the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board's Sron Mor power station opened in 1957, part of the Shira Hydro-Electric Scheme. Cruachan can hold 7 GWh of energy, equivalent to 22 hours of full production. 12 hours is reserved for black start.

There are several proposals for new pumped storage hydro-electric schemes in Scotland, mostly in the Great Glen;

 * A 300–600 MW scheme was proposed by SSE at Balmacaan north of Invermoriston using Loch Ness as the lower reservoir. Progress on this scheme seems to have stalled, in January 2024 it is no longer listed on the SSE website.
 * The 600 MW Coire Glas scheme is being developed by SSE above the northwestern shores of Loch Lochy.   The scheme was given planning permission in October 2020 and exploratory geotechnical work had started by December 2022.
 * The 450 MW Red John Pumped Storage Hydro Scheme to the southeast of Dores. It would involve a new upper reservoir constructed near Loch Duntelchaig. The scheme was developed by Intelligent Land Investments Group and acquired by Statkraft at the end of 2023.
 * An up-to 600 MW Loch Kemp Storage scheme, southwest of Loch Ness near Whitebridge. A planing application was submitted in November 2023. If built, the water level in Loch Kemp could fluctuate by up to 28 m. The Ness District Salmon Fisheries Board have raised concerns about the cumulative impact of these schemes on water levels in Loch Ness, and the effect this might have on Salmon.
 * The 900–1800 MW Earba Storage is being developed by Gilkes Energy in the Ardverikie Estate to the southwest of Loch Laggan. It would use Lochan na h-Earba and Loch a’ Bhealaich Leamhain as the lower and upper reservoirs, both with new dams required. An application for consent under Section 36 of the Electricity Act was submitted in March 2024, supported by an environmental impact assessment.

Scotland has a potential for around 500 GWh of pumped storage.

Conventional hydro-electric
Several of Scotland's hydro-electric plants were built to power the aluminium smelting industry, but many more were built in the mid-20th century by the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board to supply the communities of the Highlands. These were built in several "schemes" of linked stations, each covering a catchment area, whereby the same water may generate power several times as it descends.

title: List of power stations in Scotland


text:
File:Franzferdinand matinee.jpg

Summary
CD single cover for Franz Ferdinand's The Dark of the Matinée.

Fair use rationale

 * The image is low resolution.
 * Copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD;
 * No free equivalent is available or could be created that would adequately give the same information.
 * The image does not replace the original market role of the CD.
 * Its use here does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD in any way.
 * The image has previously been published and is freely available elsewhere on the internet.
 * The image meets general Wikipedia content requirements.
 * The image contributes significantly to the article by illustrating the subject of the article.
 * The image is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

title: File:Franzferdinand matinee.jpg


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Japan Open (tennis)

The Japan Open (currently sponsored by Rakuten ) is a men's tennis tournament held in Ariake Tennis Forest Park with its center court Ariake Coliseum, located in Koto, Tokyo. The historical precursor event, the All-Japan Championships was founded in 1915, then later became the Japan International Championships. In 2018, the venue switched to the Musashino Forest Sports Plaza as the Ariake Coliseum was renovated for the tennis events at the 2020 Summer Olympics. The championship includes men's singles and doubles competitions.

History
The All-Japan Championships was first established in 1915 as a men's only tournament. In 1924, a women's event was added to the programme. The tournament has been mainly played in Tokyo throughout its long run but has also been staged in other cities such as Osaka in 1933, 1935, 1937, 1939. Following World War II, the event was also known as the Japan International Championships up to the late 1960s. From 1979 until 2008, the Japan Open was a joint tournament for both men and women. This is no longer the case in the aftermath of the Ariake Coliseum hosting another women's professional tournament, the Pan Pacific Open. On the women's side, the Japan Open was held until 2014 on the WTA Tour, and then it was downgraded to a $100,000+H ITF Women's Circuit event. In 2019, the women's event was discontinued. The men's event is part of the ATP Tour 500 series level of tournaments.

Prior to the reorganization of the men's event with the advent of ATP Tour, the Japan Open was known as the Tokyo Outdoor Grand Prix and was part of the Grand Prix tennis tour between 1973 and 1989.

title: Japan Open (tennis)


text:
Indian Institute of Foreign Trade

The Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT) is a public business school headquartered in New Delhi, Delhi, India. It has been proposed to be declared as an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India. Established in 1963, it functions under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry of the Government of India. It also serves as a training institute for the probationary officers of the Indian Trade Service. Its headquarters are in New Delhi and it has additional campuses in Kolkata and Kakinada.

History
The institute was established as a Centre of Excellence in International Trade and Business in 1963. It is as an autonomous educational institute under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

It was granted "Deemed to be University" status in 2002. The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) has recognized IIFT as a Grade ‘A+’ Institution in January 2024.

IIFT Delhi Campus

The IIFT Delhi campus is located in Qutub Institutional Area, overlooking green ridge and historical Qutub Minar. The campus is spread over 6.5 acres of land houses, two academic blocks and two residential blocks for students and visiting faculty.

IIFT Kolkata Campus
On Dec 2005 decision was taken to start new campus in city of Kolkata. IIFT's Kolkata Campus is located in East Kolkata, near Ruby Hospital, in a sprawling area of around 7 acres. The campus is developed as a green and fully integrated campus with independent blocks for academic, administration and student living areas with all modern amenities. The campus also houses three water bodies to maintain ecological diversity.

IIFT Kakinada Campus
In 2018, then Union Minister for Commerce and Industry Suresh Prabhu, in the presence of Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu laid the foundation stone for 3rd campus of Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT) in Kakinada of East Godavari district at Andhra Pradesh. The State Government has allotted 25 acres land to build the Campus. Starting of IIFT full time 5 year integrated MBA(IB) Programme in a temporary premises at Kakinada has been approved.

Hostel facilities
The full-time MBA (International Business) is a fully residential program.

Library
The institute has a collection of books by eminent authors on Trade, Economy, Management and WTO related issues. It also has a collection of journals, research reports, company reports, CD-ROMs, video cassettes, International Trade Statistics and Databases. Apart from books on traditional Management and Economics related areas, the library has a large collection of books on upcoming areas like WTO, Intellectual Property Rights, Services Management, Mergers & Acquisitions, Trade Finance, e-Business, Global Business Strategies, International Business Law, and Information Technology, etc. The library also subscribes to over 235 journals and periodicals and publications of national and international organizations such as the UN, ITC, UNCTAD, WTO, IMF, World Bank, Ministries and Departments of Government of India.

Academic programmes

 * Two-year MBA (International Business) at New Delhi and Kolkata.
 * Ph.D. (Management) Programme at Delhi and Kolkata.
 * Ph.D. (Economics) Programme at Delhi and Kolkata.
 * Two-year MA (Economics – Specialization in Trade and Finance) at New Delhi and Kolkata.
 * Two years & six months MBA (International Business) Weekend at New Delhi and Kolkata.
 * Executive Post Graduate Diploma in International Business at New Delhi and Kolkata.
 * Executive Post Graduate Diploma in International Business (Hybrid) at Delhi.
 * Executive Post Graduate Diploma in International Business (On-campus) at Delhi.
 * Two Years MBA in International Business in collaboration with the Institute of Finance Management, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
 * Post Graduate Certificate Programme in International Business and Finance (Hybrid).
 * Certificate Programme in Export Import Management.

IIFT has, over the years, undertaken research studies with organisations like World Trade Organization, World Bank, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the Ministry of Commerce & Industry. IIFT has also trained more than 40,000 business professionals across 30 countries via its management development programmes.

Selection Process
Selection in IIFT is a four-pronged process: All of the three ability tests are normally held on a single day. A cumulative weighted score depending on the rules of that particular year of examination is taken to identify the final short-list of candidates separately for IIFT Delhi & IIFT Kolkata.
 * 1) The entrance test takes place in November, for admission in MBA; it is a computer-based test conducted by the National Testing Agency.
 * 2) A short-list based on the test scores is used to invite students for a Group Discussion. Topics of national and international importance across social, political, economic and corporate domains are given as individuals are tested on their group discussion skills.
 * 3) A Writing Ability Test is conducted to test the candidate's writing skills, along with knowledge of the subject and structure of representation.
 * 4) A Personal Interview is done which has a distinct focus on goals, achievements, knowledge and awareness.

For admission in M.A. in economics (Specialization in Trade and Finance), an entrance test based on Economics and Finance is held. The final merit list along with the student's preference decides a short-list for IIFT Delhi & IIFT Kolkata.

International Collaborations & Student Exchange Programmes
IIFT Exchange Programme is an outcome of the institute's academic collaboration with institutions across the world. These collaborations are mainly for student, faculty exchange programmes, joint collaborations on research and various other capacity building exercises. IIFT has developed relations with many international organizations by signing MoUs and participating in their activities or taking collaborative initiatives. IIFT has international accreditation from Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). The institute is also a member of the following international organizations:
 * Academy of International Business (AIB)
 * Association of Management Development Institutes in South Asia (AMDISA)
 * International Association of Trade Training Organization (IATTO)
 * The European Foundation for Management Development (EFMD)

Rankings
IIFT was ranked 60th best in the world for International Trade education in 2024 by QS World University Rankings. It was ranked 7th best B-school in India in 2024 by Indian Institutional Ranking Framework (IIRF). It was ranked 9th best B-school in India in 2023 by India Today. IIFT was ranked as the most competitive B-school in India by Unstop (formerly Dare2Compete) in 2021 & 2023.

Port Visit and Social Awareness Program
IIFT also offers its students opportunity to visit various national and international ports. Students can choose their port of choice and are accompanied by faculty members during the visit. This is in line with the goal of providing practical exposure to what is being taught in class.

The institute also has a month-long social awareness program, in which several NGOs such as Muskaan Foundation are invited to the campus to pitch their projects to the students. The students are then allowed to choose any NGO of choice and have to work closely with the NGO for the next month. The SAP is a part of the course curriculum, and IIFT is one of the few institutions who have undertaken similar social programs.

Papers and publications
The research carried out by the institute is widely disseminated in the form of study reports, monographs and occasional papers. The major beneficiaries of these research findings are academicians, policy makers, trade and industry, multilateral organizations, researchers and NGOs. In addition, the Institute publishes a quarterly journal Foreign Trade Review published by SAGE Publications. The journal focuses on key relevant areas such as international trade, finance, econometrics, IT, WTO, Trade blocs and marketing. Focus WTO, another quarterly journal published by the Institute focuses exclusively on WTO related issues. Each issue of the journal is thematic. An electronic magazine E-Zine is also published by the Centre for International Trade in Technology of IIFT.

Centre for International Trade in Technology
It is an institution in which roles of active players in international technology trade especially those of Ministry of Commerce & Industry and Ministry of Science and Technology are proposed to be synthesised.

Centre for WTO Studies
The major objective of the centre has been to provide research and analytical support on a continuous basis to the Department of Commerce on identified issues pertaining to the World Trade Organization. In addition, it is also tasked to carry out research activities, bring out Publications on WTO related subjects, carry out Outreach & Capacity Building programmes by organising seminars, workshops, subject specific meetings etc., and to be a repository of important WTO documents in its Trade Resource Centres

Centre for Trade and Investment Law
The Centre for Trade and Investment Law (CTIL) was established in the year 2016 and the centre's primary objective is to provide sound and rigorous analysis of legal issues pertaining to international trade and investment law to the Government of India and other governmental agencies. Further, the Centre aims to create a dedicated pool of legal experts who could provide technical inputs for enhancing India's participation in international trade and investment negotiations and dispute settlement. In addition, the Centre aims to be a thought leader in the various domains of international economic law such as WTO law, international investment law and legal issues relating to economic integration.

Centre for MSME Studies
The growing importance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in the economy as a whole and External Trade, in particular, has prompted IIFT to establish a separate Centre for MSME studies which can act as a catalyst to the internationalization of MSME activities. The center has become operational from 2005. The Centre for MSME Studies at IIFT provides continuous support to the MSME sector by carrying out activities which can be broadly classified into conducting Training Programmes, provision of Business Intelligence services through a Databank and acting as a catalyst for Interfacing with other concerned and associated institutions.

Centre for North-Eastern Studies (CeNEST)
North Eastern Council (NEC) has entered into an agreement with Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT) for the setting up of Centre for North Eastern Studies (CeNEST) at IIFT Kolkata Campus. The centre would facilitate the North Eastern states in policy making, strategic planning and effective implementation of various trade promotion schemes and undertake research and analysis on issues relating to international trade and business, capacity building and serve as a knowledge partner. It will help the states in exploiting the potentials of exports of the products from the region and promote innovations in business.

Student life
The institute has a student body called International Management Forum (IMF). IMF is the official representative student body at IIFT which acts as a coordinator for, and provides administrative support to, various student activities and events at IIFT besides taking policy decisions regarding student affairs in consultation with the Director/Chairperson/Programme Director. Among the key roles of IMF is co-ordination and supervision of the activities of various domain-specific clubs and cells. 6 clubs and 7 cells work to ensure collaborative and comprehensive learning round the year. The clubs impart domain and industry-specific knowledge via Knowledge Transfer Sessions throughout the year. Also the practical learning experience is enhanced through the regularly scheduled competitions-case studies, Group discussions, quizzes, etc. Live projects from various corporates in all domains are also brought by clubs, which ensures significant industry exposure. The activities of the clubs and cells are supervised by the General Secretary, a member of the IMF.

Notable alumni

 * Rashesh Shah, founder of Edelweiss Capital
 * Ruchita Misra, author
 * Aseem Puri, CEO Unilever Korea & CMO Unilever International
 * Manu Sawhney, former CEO, ICC
 * Mohit Malhotra, CEO Dabur
 * Sheikh Noorul Hassan, Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)
 * Aashisha Chakraborty, author and management professional

title: Indian Institute of Foreign Trade


text:
Kennington, Kent

Kennington is a suburb of Ashford and civil parish in Kent, England. It is about a mile northeast of the town centre and north of the M20 motorway, and contains the 12th-century church, St Mary's. The main A28 Canterbury Road and A2042 Faversham Road run through the village, and the A251 Trinity Road skirts the western edge. In recent years the village has expanded with the building of new housing estates in Little Burton, Trinity Road, Conningbrook Lakes, and planned for Conningbrook Park and Eureka Park.

The Great Stour river and the Kennington stream run through the area.

History
From The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 7, (Edward Hasted, originally published by W Bristow, Canterbury, 1798):

"KENNINGTON IS the adjoining parish, northward from Ashford, and was so called, most probably, from its having antiently belonged to some of the Saxon kings during the heptarchy. Kennington, or as it was written in Saxon, Cining-tune, signifying in that language, the king's town; and there is at this time a small street of houses northward of the village of Kennington, called King-street.

THE PARISH is situated in a healthy country, being for the most part a gravelly, though not an unfertile soil, not much more than a mile from Ashford, close to the west side of the high road from Canterbury, which is joined by that from Faversham, which runs along the opposite side of the parish, and joins the former a little beyond Burton. It is watered by two small streams which rise northward of it, the one at Sandyhurst, the other near Eastwell park; the former running by Bybrooke, where it is called Bacon's water, and the other at the opposite part of the parish, by Clipmill and Frogbrook, near Wilsborough lees, into the river Stour, which flows along the eastern side of the parish. The village is situated on rising ground, at a small distance from the Canterbury road, with the church at the further end of it, close to the edge of the lees, or heath, called Kennington lees. [...]

There is a fair held here for pedlary, toys, &c. on the 5th of July yearly"

https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-kent/vol7/pp545-557

Local Government
Kennington was an ancient parish, and designated a civil parish under the Poor Law Amendment Act 1866, able to set its own Poor Rate. This was reformed under the Local Government Act 1894. In 1934 the civil parish was abolished and absorbed into Ashford Urban District Council (later Ashford Borough Council).

Following a Community Governance Review, new Borough ward boundaries took effect from May 2019. Kennington gained representation through a new civil parish council formed on 1 April 2019, with the title Kennington Community Council. The new Borough and Community Council wards are as follows:

Elections to Kennington Community Council are held every four years, on the same date as elections to Ashford Borough Council. The next election is on 6 May 2027.

Schools
There is one secondary school in the village, the Towers School, with a local junior school, Kennington CE Academy, and an infants school, Downs View Infants School. Since the county still operates a grammar school system, those who pass the Kent Test (which replaced the 11+) are given the opportunity to attend the grammar school in Ashford, the Norton Knatchbull School or Highworth Grammar School.

Amenities

Kennington has five pubs / restaurants, "The Old Mill" (formerly The Golden Ball), "The Conningbrook Hotel" (formerly The Pilgrims Rest), "The Rose Inn", "The Pheasant", "Stubbs" and "The Kennington Carvery".

Kennington Summer Fayre is held annually, usually on the last Saturday in June. It is a not-for-profit event, raising money for local causes.

Two areas of Kennington were designated as Conservation Areas in 1996, covering parts of Ball Lane, The Street, Ulley Road, Upper Vicarage Road, and Faversham Road.

Demography
At the 2021 UK census, Kennington had a population of 10,900 (59,597,500 people in England and Wales), of which Female 52.1% and Male 47.9%. The age distribution across Kennington was: 0–19 years 25.1%, 20–39 years 21.9%, 40–59 years 26.4%, 60–79 years 20.6%, 80 years and over 16.1%.

National identity

 * One or more UK identity only 92.5%
 * UK identity and non-UK identity 1.7%
 * Non-UK identity only 5.8%

Economic activity status

 * Economically active: In employment 57.3%
 * Economically active: Unemployed 2.5%
 * Economically inactive 40.2%

Occupation

 * 1) Managers, directors and senior officials 13.3%
 * 2) Professional occupations 19.8%
 * 3) Associate professional and technical occupations 12.5%
 * 4) Administrative and secretarial occupations 10.0%
 * 5) Skilled trades occupations 10.7%
 * 6) Caring, leisure and other service occupations 9.2%
 * 7) Sales and customer service occupations 8.9%
 * 8) Process, plant and machine operatives 6.3%
 * 9) Elementary occupations 9.2%

Highest level of qualification

 * No qualifications 18.7%
 * Level 1, 2 or 3 qualifications 44.3%
 * Apprenticeship 5.8%
 * Level 4 qualifications and above 28.1%
 * Other qualifications 3.1%

Tenure of household

 * Owns outright 37.6%
 * Owns with a mortgage or loan or shared ownership 33.9%
 * Social rented 15.7%
 * Private rented or lives rent free 12.8%

Accommodation type

 * Whole house or bungalow 90.4%
 * Flat, maisonette or apartment 9.5%
 * A caravan or other mobile or temporary structure 0.1%

Household deprivation

 * Household is not deprived in any dimension 46.9%
 * Household is deprived in one dimension 35.4%
 * Household is deprived in two dimensions 14.7%
 * Household is deprived in three dimensions 2.9%
 * Household is deprived in four dimensions 0.1%

Religion

 * No religion 40.7%
 * Christian 48.6%
 * Buddhist 0.7%
 * Hindu 2.1%
 * Jewish 0.2%
 * Muslim 1.7%
 * Sikh 0.1%
 * Other religion 0.7%
 * Not answered 5.2%

Number of cars or vans

 * No cars or vans in household 15.6%
 * 1 car or van in household 40.2%
 * 2 cars or vans in household 32.8%
 * 3 or more cars or vans in household 11.4%

title: Kennington, Kent


text:
User talk:Joeboi89

ass hole

title: User talk:Joeboi89


text: Category:Welsh philosophers

title: Category:Welsh philosophers


text:
Anthony Fitzherbert

Sir Anthony Fitzherbert (1470 – 27 May 1538) was an English judge, scholar and legal author, particularly known for his treatise on English law, New Natura Brevium (1534).

Biography
Fitzherbert was the sixth son of Ralph Fitzherbert of Norbury, Derbyshire, and Elizabeth Marshall. His brothers died young so he succeeded his father as Lord of the manor of Norbury, an estate granted to the family in 1125. Wood states that he was educated at Oxford, but no evidence of this exists; nor is it known at which of the inns of court he received his legal training, though he is included in a list of Gray's Inn readers.

Fitzherbert was called to the degree of serjeant-at-law, 18 November 1510, and six years later he was appointed king's serjeant. In 1514 he published La Graunde Abridgement, described below. In 1522 he was made a judge of common pleas and was knighted; but his new honours did not check his literary activity and in the following year (1523) he published three works: one on law, Diversité de courtz et leur jurisdictions (tr. by Hughes in 1646); one on agriculture, The Boke of Husbandrie; and one of law and agriculture combined, The Boke of Surveyinge and Improvements. All three were frequently reprinted and though Sir Anthony's authorship of the Boke of Husbandrie was formerly questioned it is now regarded as established. Meanwhile, his integrity and ability caused much business to be entrusted to him.

In 1524 Fitzherbert was sent on a royal commission to Ireland; Archbishop Warham appointed him by will sole arbitrator in the administration of his estate; and, in 1529, when Wolsey fell, he was made a commissioner to hear chancery causes in place of the chancellor, and he subsequently signed the articles of impeachment against him. As one of the judges he unwillingly took part in the trials of the martyrs Fisher, More, and Haile, but he strongly disapproved of the king's ecclesiastical policy, particularly the suppression of the monasteries and he bound his children under oath never to accept or purchase any abbey lands.

In 1534, he published La Novelle Natura Brevium, and his last works L'Office et Auctoryté des justices de peas (1538), the first complete treatise on the subject, and The Offices of Sheryffes, Bailliffes, Escheatours, Constables, and Coroners.

Sir Anthony was twice married, first to Dorothy Willoughby who died without issue, and secondly to Matilda Cotton by whom he had a large family. His descendants remained Catholic and still own his estate of Norbury as well as the family seat at Swynnerton.

La Graunde Abridgement, 1514
Fitzherbert in 1514 published La Graunde Abridgement, a collection of cases compiled out of the Year Books. This was the first systematic attempt to provide a summary of English law.

It was known as La Graunde Abridgement and has often been reprinted, both entire and in epitomes, besides forming the foundation of all subsequent abridgments. He also brought out an edition of "Magna charta cum diversis aliis statutis" (1519).

It was held by Fitzherbert J, as early as 1536 (YB 27 Hy VIII Mich pl 10) that a member of the public could sue for a common or public nuisance if he could show that he had suffered particular damage over and above the ordinary damage suffered by the public at large. To the present day, causing a public nuisance has been treated as both a crime and a tort, the ingredients of each being the same.

Attributed in Year Book 26 Hen 8 TT, p 4 c 15 (ed 1679) to Fitzherbert J: "for one can create common appurtenant at this day, and one can alienate it, and sever it from the land to which it is appurtenant ..." The author comments, at p 273, that "the passage ... must be understood as applying only to common appurtenant for a certain number".

La Novelle Natura Brevium, 1534
La Novelle Natura Brevium was a treatise on English law by Fitzherbert, described as "that exact work, exquisitely penned", It is often cited in judgments today across the common law world, and represents an important tract on the rules of common law in the 16th century. It remained one of the classical English law books until the end of the 18th century.

Fitzherbert, in his new Natura Brevium (1534) 94D, says that:"If a smith prick my horse with a nail, I shall have my action on the case against him, without any warranty by the smith to do it well"; and he supports it with an excellent reason: "for it is the duty of every artificer to exercise his art rightly and truly as he ought".

Boke of Husbandry, 1523/34
Fitzherbert's Boke of Husbandry, published in 1523/34, is one of the classics of English agriculture, and justly, for it is full of shrewd observation and deliberate wisdom expressed in a virile style, with agreeable leaven of piety and humour. Fitzherbert anticipated a modern poet, Henley, in one of his most happy phrases: Ryght so euery man is capitayne of his owne soule.

The book contains directions for draining, clearing, and enclosing a farm; and for enriching and reducing the soil to tillage. Lime, marl, and fallowing are strongly recommended. The landlords are advised to grant leases to farmers who will surround their farms, and divide them by hedges into proper enclosures; by which operation, he says,
 * If an acre of land be worth sixpence before it is enclosed, it will be worth eightpence when it is enclosed, by reason of the compost and dunging of the cattle.

Another reason is, that it will preserve the corn without the expense of a herdsman. From the time of the appearance of this work, in 1534, Harte dates the revival of husbandry in England.

The author does not speak of husbandry only, but of other points. The other points are the breeding of horses (not a necessary part of a farmer's business), the selling of wood and timber, grafting of trees, a long discourse upon prodigality, remarks upon gaming, a discussion of "what is riches," and a treatise upon practical religion, illustrated by Latin quotations from the fathers, and occupying no small portion of the work. This is not the work of a practical farmer, in the narrow acceptation of the term, meaning thereby one who farms to live; but it is clearly the work of a country gentleman, rich in horses and in timber, acquainted with the extravagant mode of life often adopted by the wealthy, and at the same time given to scholarly pursuits and to learned and devout reading.

The Boke of Surveying and Improvements, 1523/39
While The Boke of Husbandry gave a clear and minute description of the rural practices of that period, from The Boke of Surveying and Improvements, may be learned a good deal of the economy of the feudal system in its decline. The first 1523 editions of the books are very rare. The 1523 edition of the Boke of Husbandry is remarkable for the engraving upon the title page, representing two oxen drawing a plough with drivers. The author writes from his own experience of more than forty years; and, if we except his biblical allusions, and some vestiges of the superstition of the Roman writers about the influence of the moon. Early 19th century John Claudius Loudon explained: "There is very little of his work that should be omitted, and not a great deal of subsequent science that need be added, with regard to the culture of corn, in a manual of husbandry adapted to the present time. It may surprise some of the agriculturists of the present day, an eminent agricultural writer remarks, to be told that, after the lapse of almost three centuries, Fitzherbert's practice, in some material branches, has not been improved upon; and that in several districts abuses still exist, which were as clearly pointed out by him at that early period, as by any writer of the present age. His remarks on sheep are so accurate, that one might imagine they came from a storemaster of the present day: those on horses, cattle, etc., are not less interesting; and there is a very good account of the diseases of each species, and some just observations on the advantage of mixing different kinds in the same pasture. Swine and bees conclude this branch of the work."

The book further points out the great advantages of enclosures; recommends "quycksettynge, dychynge, and hedgyng;" and gives particular directions about the settes, and the method of training a hedge, as well as concerning the planting and management of trees. We have then a short information "for a yonge gentylman that intendeth to thryve," and a "prolouge for the wive's occupation," in some instances.

Among other things, she is to "make her husband and herself some clothes;" and "she may have the lockes of the shepe, either to make blankettes and coverlettes, or both." This is not so much amiss; but what follows, according to Loudon (1825) will bring our learned judge into disrepute, even with our most industrious housewives:
 * "... It is a wive's occupation to wynowe all manner of cornes, to make malte, to washe and wrynge, to make heye, shere corne, and, in time of nede, to helpe her husbande to fyll the muckewayne or dounge carte, drive the ploughe, to loade heye, corne, and suche other. And to go or ride to the market, to sel butter, chese, mylke, egges, chekyns, capons, hennes, pygges, gese, and all manner of cornes."

The rest of the book contains some useful advice about diligence and economy; and concludes, after the manner of the age, with many pious exhortations.

Reception
Fitzherbert's treatise on English law, particularly La Novelle Natura Brevium, remained classical English law books until the end of the 18th century. His last works L'Office et Auctoryté des justices de peas (1538), and L'Office de Viconts Bailiffes, Escheators, Constables, Coroners, were the constantly reprinted.

Agriculture
In the late 18th century Walter Harte (1764) observed, that from the multitude of books published on the subject of cultivating the earth, one would have imagined the art to have been more studied than it really has been. Since upon the whole it continued in a sort of declining condition from the days of Virgil and Columella till the time of Constantine IV, and then lay in a kind of dormant state till about the middle of Henry VIIIth's reign, when it was rather revived than improved.

About the time Anthony Fitzherbert in England published his Natura Brevium, authors as Agostino Gallo, Camillo Tarello, Francesco Sansovino and others in Italy, published several considerable books in agriculture. These Italian writers on husbandry, made the ancients of their country their text and model, and are looked upon to be excellent in language, and no ways defective in experience and knowledge. But Fitzherbert was the first, if we except Crescenzio dell Agricoltura (whose fine performance was printed at Florence in 1478) and Pier Marino, the translator of Palladius de Re Rustica, who made his work public in the year 1528.

Fitzherbert's books on agriculture soon raised a spirit of emulation in his countrymen, and many treatises of the same kind successively appeared. The two treaties on husbandry were republished in 1534 and 1539, and many times beyond, but these versions became the most known. Over time the authorship of the "Boke of Husbandry" and the "Boke of Surveying" have been questioned, whether it was Anthony Fitzherbert or his eldest brother, John Fitzherbert of Norbury, Derbyshire. In the 1882 reprint by the English Dialectic Society the editor professor Walter W. Skeat clearly argued in favour of the former.

Publications

 * Anthony Fitzherbert. La Graunde Abridgement, 1514
 * Anthony Fitzherbert. Diversité de courtz et leur jurisdictions, 1523 (tr. by Hughes in 1646)
 * Anthony Fitzherbert. The Boke of Husbandry, 1523/34; 1882 edition online
 * Anthony Fitzherbert. The Boke of Surveyinge and Improvements, 1523/39
 * Anthony Fitzherbert. La Novelle Natura Brevium, 1534
 * Anthony Fitzherbert. L'Office et Auctoryté des justices de peas 1538

title: Anthony Fitzherbert


text:
Randomajestiq

Randomajestiq is a music project of musician Vladimir Hropov.

Hropov, born in 1976, is a sound designer, composer and producer. In 1993 he started composing chiptunes on the AY-3-8910 fm-synth chip. With this experience with the Tracker software, he then moved to more advanced PC and current production technologies to experiment with recorded sounds and synthesis. Today Randomajestiq produces music in almost all genres of electronic music.

title: Randomajestiq


text: User talk:193.170.209.109

title: User talk:193.170.209.109


text: User talk:66.240.20.84

title: User talk:66.240.20.84


text:
User talk:MarkIV

Australian collaboration of the fortnight
Hi. You voted for Marree Man as the Australian Collaboration of the fortnight. It has been selected, so please improve it in any way you see fit. --Scott Davis Talk 12:26, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:MarkIV


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sascha Spesiwtsew

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep Mallocks 20:43, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Sascha Spesiwtsew
Hoax? I can't find a reference in google to this person except on wikipedia and pages that take information from wikipedia, and I would think that such a recent case would have ganered more interest. I'm perfectly prepared to accept it as real, I just felt it deserved scrutiny. Mallocks 12:27, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Revised to Keep given comments below. - Mallocks 12:27, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Ah, it's a transliteration-from-Cyrillic thing. I tried spelling it "sasha" instead of "sascha", and deleted the last name; searching for sasha + cannibal + siberia -wikipedia led me to, which indicates that his name was more often spelled "Sasha Spesivtsev", and googling for that (minus wikipedia) shows that his name was actually Alexander (or Aleksandr, or...) Spesivtsev, with "Sasha" being his nickname. He's also sometimes mentioned in the context of his mother (who was apparently his accomplice), so "Sasha and Ludmilla/Lyudmila/etc Spesivtsev". Definite keep. DS 14:44, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * And, given that the nomination has been withdrawn, I think we can close this debate, yes? (Plus I'm going to be bold and move it to Sasha Spesivtsev) DS 14:55, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:84.57.140.122

title: User talk:84.57.140.122


text:
Allegiance (novel)

Allegiance is a Star Wars novel released in January 2007 by Del Rey. The book was written by Timothy Zahn, and was followed in 2011 with Choices of One.

Story
The story is set just after Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope. The book's subject is, according to Zahn, "...three different people and groups with allegiance issues."

Synopsis
The story was told in three parallel threads which eventually intertwined in the later part of the book.

Five members of the Imperial Stormtroopers attached to the Imperial Star Destroyer Reprisal began to have doubt about their work after being made to participate in massacre of innocents on planet Teardrop. The planet had a rebel base, but evacuated just moments before the Reprisal arrived. The Imperial Security Bureau (ISB) officers in charge of the operations had the innocent people killed anyway. Back on board the Star Destroyer, the ISB Major Dreflin made a mistake of pushing the stormtrooper too far and ended up killed by his own weapon. The five stormtroopers aboard realized official channels would get them nowhere, and managed to escape on board the ship Suwantek. While on the run, their sense of honor and duty led them to seemingly unrelated incidents where they rescued local populace, and subsequently pursued a link to a pirate group named the Bloodscars operating in the Shelsha Sector.

Leia was dispatched to the Shelsha Sector to meet three local representatives of the Rebellion. Luke, Han and Chewbacca went along as her escorts. They separated to pursue different leads, the men to investigate pirate attacks on the Rebel supply line, and Leia to a negotiation that the governor of Shelsha sector was going to declare independence and join the Rebellion.

Mara Jade was investigating corrupt Imperial moffs, and clues from stolen valuable artworks led her to the Shelsha Sector.

It was indicated in the original Thrawn trilogy novels that Rebels (Luke Skywalker, Han Solo, Chewbacca, and Leia Organa) met Mara Jade for the first time during the events of that same trilogy. As such, despite being in the same place at the same time on more than one occasion, the Rebels and Mara Jade did not actually see each other.

Continuity

 * The book includes a cameo appearance of a character based on Stacey, the heroine of the Pink Five series of fanfilms, marking the first time a fan-created Star Wars character has ever crossed into the Expanded Universe.
 * The first hardcover printing has the time period mislabeled as taking place during the Rise of the Empire/Prequel Trilogy period instead of the correct time period, Rebellion Era/Classic Trilogy.

Reception
David Maddox on SF Site wrote that "although the pirates and corrupt royalty of the story do seem rather flat, fans will get a smile seeing the classic characters as when they were first introduced 30 years ago". A review on Publishers Weekly mentioned that "this episode will please fans wondering about events between the first and second movies in the original Star Wars trilogy".

Sequel
Choices of One is a Star Wars novel written by Zahn, released by Del Rey on July 19, 2011. The sequel to Zahn's 2007 novel Allegiance, it is set between the events of the films Star Wars: A New Hope and The Empire Strikes Back and features Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia, Han Solo, Mara Jade, and the villain Nuso Esva.

title: Allegiance (novel)


text:
Nottuln

Nottuln (Low German: Notteln) is a municipality in the district of Coesfeld in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Geography
Nottuln is situated in the Baumberge, approx. 20 km west of Münster.

Neighbouring municipalities

 * Billerbeck
 * Havixbeck
 * Senden, North Rhine-Westphalia
 * Dülmen
 * Coesfeld

Division of the municipality
The municipality consists of 4 districts
 * Nottuln
 * Appelhülsen (including Nottuln-Appelhülsen station)
 * Schapdetten
 * Darup

History
Original settlement of the Nottuln area dates back to about 4000 BC. The name of Nottuln originates from Nutlon, which is probably early German for "nut wood". A church was founded in 860 by Liudger, as well as the first convent in Westphalia.

After a destructive fire in 1748, the parish church and surrounding convent district were rebuilt in baroque style by Johann Conrad Schlaun.

Transport
Nottuln is on the Bundesautobahn 43 and Nottuln-Appelhülsen station in the nearby town of Appelhülsen is on the Wanne-Eickel–Hamburg railway, connecting to Münster. Nottuln has bus lines that reach out to Coesfeld, Darup, and Roxel with the R62/3; Billerbeck and Appelhuelsen with the T85; and Münster with the S60. There are also many bike paths as Nottuln is on many of the Baumberger bike routes.

Points of interest

 * Longinus Tower

Notable people

 * Christian Baumeister (born 1971), wildlife filmmaker
 * Clemens Maria Franz von Bönninghausen (1785-1864), jurist, homeopath, landowner of Haus Darup and first district councilor of the Coesfeld district
 * Hermann Busenbaum (1600-1668), Jesuit theologian
 * Franz Wilhelm Darup (1756-1836), religious author and captain of honor
 * Norbert van Heyst, (born 1944), former commander of the 1. German-Dutch Corps in Münster

title: Nottuln


text:
Compostela Group of Universities

The Compostela Group of Universities (CGU) is an international non-profit association that promotes and executes collaboration projects between institutions of higher education.

It currently has 67 full members, 2 associate members and 9 mutual membership agreements with institutions from 27 different countries.

History
In 1993, the University of Santiago de Compostela began initiating contact with other institutions in higher education situated along the Way of St. James, to establish a university network for collaboration and to help helped to preserve the cultural and historical heritage that emerged along the ancient pilgrim route.

Following these initial developments, 57 European universities met in Santiago from 2–4 September 1993. They established the guidelines and objectives of the group. These included the following three, which are still the objectives of today's CGU:

 * Strengthening the channels of communication between the member universities.
 * Organizing events to study and discuss subjects related to Europe.
 * Promoting mobility as the basis to increase the knowledge of European languages and cultures.

A commission consisting of representatives from the universities of Valladolid, Liège, Nantes, Göttingen, Minho, Jaume I and Santiago de Compostela drew up the Statutes of the Compostela Group of Universities. These were officially adopted at the first Constituent Assembly, held at the University of Santiago de Compostela from 2–3 September 1994.

Structure
The Compostela Group of Universities is headquartered in Santiago de Compostela, Spain and has a regional office in Brussels, Belgium.

The organizations current president is Marek Kręglewski.

Compostela Prize
In 1996, the CGU and the Regional Ministry of Culture, Social Communication and Tourism signed an agreement to establish the Compostela Prize (International Prize Grupo Compostela-Xunta de Galicia).

The prize is awarded annually and seeks to reward "[...] any individual or institution that have contributed to the promotion of the European dimension in education, either in teaching and research or in the cultural, social and political fields [...]." Nominations can be made by CGU member universities, members of the Xunta de Galicia and other official European institutions until the 1st of March each year.

The jury consists of the President of the Galician Government, who chairs the meetings, and the Regional Minister of Culture, the Regional Minister of Education and Universities and the Galician Director of Universities. The Compostela Group is represented by its president and three rectors of member universities, chosen annually by the General Council.

The prize is usually awarded at the end of the General Assembly of the Compostela Group of Universities, with the successful candidate receiving prize money and a commemorative gold medal in the shape of a shell (the centuries-old symbol of the pilgrimage to Santiago).

Recent recipients are:

 * 2018: María Pilar Alonso Abad, Art history professor at the University of Burgos (UBU), for her academic work and unique research on the Jacobean cultural heritage.
 * 2017: Marcelino Oreja Aguirre, Spanish Minister of Foreign Affairs, for his efforts in designating the Saint James Way as the Council of Europe's first cultural route.
 * 2016: CIRCOM Regional, European Association of Regional Television, for the networks support in promoting European diversity and regional development.

Members
The Compostela Group of Universities has the following members, as of 2021:

 * Belarus
 * Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno

 * Brazil
 * São Paulo State University

 * China
 * Zhejiang Wanli University

 * Czech Republic
 * Masaryk University

 * Dominican Republic
 * Santo Domingo Institute of Technology

 * France
 * University of Nantes

 * Georgia
 * Grigol Robakidze University
 * Ilia State University

 * Germany
 * Philipps University of Marburg
 * University of Regensburg

 * Hungary
 * University of Pécs

 * Indonesia
 * University of Surabaya

 * Italy
 * Kore University of Enna
 * Università telematica internazionale Uninettuno

 * Lithuania
 * Kazimieras Simonavičius University

 * Malta
 * University of Malta

 * Mexico
 * Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior
 * Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education
 * Universidad Anáhuac Xalapa (Anahuac University Network)
 * Universidad La Salle México
 * University of Guadalajara
 * University of Monterrey

 * Panama
 * Columbus University

 * Peru
 * ESAN University
 * National University of San Marcos
 * Federico Villarreal National University
 * Peruvian University of Applied Sciences
 * Pontifical Catholic University of Peru
 * University of Lima
 * University of Piura

 * Poland
 * Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
 * University of Łódź

 * Portugal
 * University of Minho
 * University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro

 * Serbia
 * University Business Academy in Novi Sad

 * Slovakia
 * Pan-European University

 * Spain
 * Jaume I University
 * King Juan Carlos University
 * Technical University of Madrid
 * Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
 * University of A Coruña
 * University of Almería
 * University of Burgos
 * University of Cádiz
 * University of Extremadura
 * University of La Laguna
 * University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
 * University of León
 * University of Lleida
 * University of Málaga
 * University of Oviedo
 * University of Salamanca
 * University of Santiago de Compostela
 * University of Seville
 * University of the Basque Country
 * University of Valencia
 * University of Vigo
 * University of Zaragoza

 * Sweden
 * Karlstad University

 * Switzerland
 * University of Fribourg

 * United Kingdom
 * University of Worcester

Associate members

 * Greece
 * Metropolitan College (AMC)

Collaborators

 * Brazil
 * FAUBAI - Brazilian Association for International Education

 * Russia
 * EEUA - Eastern European University Association

 * Slovenia
 * Euro-Mediterranean University of Slovenia

 * Spain
 * Erasmus Compostela

 * United Kingdom
 * Quacquarelli Symonds

 * United States
 * Consortium for North American Higher Education Collaboration
 * HACU - Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities
 * Scholars at Risk

title: Compostela Group of Universities