text:
Xing Technology

Xing Technology was a live audio broadcast software company founded in Arroyo Grande, California in 1989 by former networking executive Howard Gordon.

History
Gordon founded Xing on the basis of a simple JPEG decoding library that he had developed. It attracted the attention of Chris Eddy, who had developed a technique for processing Discrete cosine transforms (DCT) efficiently through software. Eddy's technique helped create the first Xing MPEG video player, a very simple MS-DOS app that could play an I-frame-only MPEG video stream encoded with constant quantization, at 160x120 resolution.

Over the next years, Xing expanded in several directions: Windows support for the XingMPEG player, a software MPEG audio decoder, a real-time ISA 160x120 MPEG capture board (XingIt!), a JPEG management system (Picture Prowler), and networking. Xing released a handful of network products before StreamWorks, the first streaming audio and video system for the Internet, with support for both live and pre-encoded sources. RealVideo appeared in 1997 (just before StreamWorks), but at the time, the company behind the technology (Progressive Networks) had only published RealAudio and its flagship technology was primary for broadcasting audio.

After the launch of StreamWorks, the company raised $5M in venture capital, but Progressive Networks (which was renamed "RealNetworks") raised considerably more in its initial public offering and acquired many of Xing's competitors (e.g. Vivo Software). Despite that, Xing experienced a period of expansion through its "Audio Catalyst" MP3 software and "MP3 Grabber".

In 1998, Xing partnered with SimplyTV to launch a service to offer near-broadcast quality video on demand. This service would require a 200 kilobits/s broadband connection, which was not popular at that time. Forrester Research and RealNetwork were skeptical about its success.

In 1999, RealNetwork acquired Xing.

title: Xing Technology


text:
Midland Valley Railroad

The Midland Valley Railroad (MV) was a railroad company incorporated on June 4, 1903 for the purpose of building a line from Hope, Arkansas, through Muskogee and Tulsa, Oklahoma to Wichita, Kansas. It was backed by C. Jared Ingersoll, a Philadelphia industrialist who owned coal mining properties in Indian Territory (now part of the state of Oklahoma). The railroad took its name from Midland, Arkansas, a coal mining town in western Arkansas, which was served by the railroad. The Midland Valley gained access to Fort Smith, Arkansas via trackage rights over the Frisco from Rock Island, Oklahoma.

In 1967, the Midland Valley Railroad was merged into the Texas & Pacific Railroad, which was absorbed by the Missouri Pacific Railroad in 1983.

History
MV reached Tulsa in 1904, and completed construction of its initial system in 1906 upon reaching Arkansas City, Kansas. The same year it opened a branch to the Glenn Pool oil field, which generated a lot of traffic and stimulated MV's revenues. MV extended that line as far as Kiefer but closed the Glenn Pool-Kiefer section in 1936. Wichita, Kansas was reached in 1911, with the lease of the Wichita and Midland Valley railroad. Service to Wichita ended in 1966, and the northern section of the road was pared back to Barnsdall, Oklahoma. Passenger service ended in 1934. Competition from other railroads caused a decline in MV's fortunes, especially during the Great Depression.

The line was known as one of the Muskogee Roads. Muskogee, Oklahoma was home to the Midland Valley's headquarters and shops, and its owner, the Muskogee Company, operated out of Muskogee even though its corporate headquarters were in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1925, the Midland Valley acquired the Kansas, Oklahoma and Gulf Railway, and the Muskogee Company purchased a third railroad Oklahoma City-Ada-Atoka Railway in 1929.

The most serious accident on the Midland Valley system occurred February 1, 1958. Westbound train 41 collided head-on with eastbound train 42 on the curve at Bokoshe, Oklahoma. Four crew members died and seven were injured.

End of the line
All three railroads were operated as more or less common property by the Muskogee Company until sale of all three to the Missouri Pacific Railroad (MoPac) in 1964. The Midland Valley was merged into the Texas & Pacific Railroad (T&P), a MoPac subsidiary on April 1, 1967. MoPac merged into the Union Pacific Railroad (UP) in 1983. Operated as branch lines for a number of years, most of the Midland Valley has now been abandoned.

Much of the former route has been converted from rail to trail, such as the 14.5 mile Osage Prairie Trail between Tulsa and Skiatook.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Midland Valley Railroad


text: User talk:72.40.30.253

title: User talk:72.40.30.253


text:
Scar Symmetry

Scar Symmetry is a Swedish heavy metal band from Avesta, formed in 2004. The band has released seven albums, with seven released singles. They are signed to Nuclear Blast Records.

Formation and Symmetric in Design (2004−2005)
Formed in April 2004, Scar Symmetry came together during the band Altered Aeon's recording session at Jonas Kjellgren's Black Lounge Studios by guitarists Jonas Kjellgren, Per Nilsson and drummer Henrik Ohlsson. That same month, vocalist Christian Älvestam and bassist Kenneth Seil joined the band, which then recorded a demo for the song "Seeds of Rebellion" which helped the band get a recording contract with Cold Records (a subsidiary of Metal Blade Records).

In July 2004, the band entered Black Lounge Studios to begin recording its debut album, Symmetric in Design. It followed it up by playing festivals in Europe, as well as touring with Soilwork, Hypocrisy, and One Man Army.

Pitch Black Progress (2006−2007)
In June 2006, the band signed a new record deal with Nuclear Blast records. Eight months after the release of Symmetric in Design the band started recording its follow-up, Pitch Black Progress. The band again followed up its recording by touring, this time with Communic for the Waves of Pitch Black Decay Tour 2006 throughout Europe, and they toured North America with melodic death metal pioneers Dark Tranquillity and The Haunted. The song "The Illusionist" began receiving air-play on MTV2's Headbangers Ball. In September 2007, the band embarked on another North American tour with headliners Katatonia, Insomnium, and Swallow the Sun, the "Live Consternation Tour".

Holographic Universe and new vocalists (2008−2009)
The band's third album, Holographic Universe, was released on 20 June 2008. Following the release, despite an outpouring of good reviews and press for the album as well as the success of the single for "Morphogenesis", Scar Symmetry did not embark on tours. The band released a statement on 11 September 2008 announcing that they had fired vocalist Christian Älvestam, due to touring conflicts, creative and personal differences. On 6 October, they announced the replacements for Älvestam; they would continue with two singers, Roberth Karlsson (growls and clean backing vocals) and Lars Palmqvist (clean vocals and backing growls), and began touring in support of the new album in December.

Dark Matter Dimensions (2009−2010)
The band's fourth album, Dark Matter Dimensions, was released on 2 October 2009 in Europe, and on 20 October 2009 in the US. It is the band's first album to feature new vocalists Karlsson and Palmqvist. Despite the replacement of previous singer, the album received generally positive reviews upon its release. A music video was filmed for the songs "Noumenon & Phenomenon", "Ascension Chamber" and "The Iconoclast".

From late October 2009, Scar Symmetry took part in the Neckbreakers Ball Tour alongside Behemoth, DevilDriver and Arsis. In February 2010, Scar Symmetry announced that they were to support head-liners Hypocrisy at the "A Taste of Extreme Divinity" tour. Towards the end of 2010, they toured with Epica in the United States and Canada, starting in West Springfield, Virginia, on 16 November, and finishing in Raleigh, North Carolina, on 18 December.

The Unseen Empire (2011−2013)
Scar Symmetry's fifth album, titled The Unseen Empire, was released in Europe on 18 April 2011. Drummer Henrik Ohlsson states that the title of the album "seeks to expose the hidden hand of the elite that pull the strings of mankind in order to fulfill their agenda of global domination". The album is the band's best-selling yet in the United States in terms of first-week sales. It sold 1,500 copies, landing it at number 11 on the Billboard Heatseekers Chart. The band unofficially started to write their next record. In August 2013, the band announced that guitarist Jonas Kjellgren had left the band due to scheduling conflicts with his studio work and his other bands Raubtier and Bourbon Boys. Kjellgren has not been replaced officially, but his place is occasionally taken by session guitarists for live shows.

The Singularity trilogy (2014−present)
On 20 January 2014, the band announced that they were working on a trilogy of albums, all revolving around the theme of transhumanism. The artwork for the first in the series of albums, The Singularity (Phase I – Neohumanity) was revealed on the same day, along with a short clip of a pre-production demo for the new album. This album marks the first Scar Symmetry album to be produced, mixed and mastered entirely by Per Nilsson.

Phase I − Neohumanity
The band explained that the first part of the trilogy would be centred on the rise of "artilects (artificial intellects) with mental capacities far above the human level of thought" and that "by the year 2030, one of the world's biggest industries will be 'artificial brains,' used to control artilects that will be genuinely intelligent and useful." As well as this, the lyrical content will focus on the divide between "those who embrace the new technology and those who oppose it" due to the social issues caused by the rise of artificial intelligence and the emergence of transhumanists adding artilect technology to their own bodies.

Phase II − Xenotaph
On 9 January 2015, Scar Symmetry announced that vocalist Roberth Karlsson had a child on the way, so the band would not do any touring until the fall of 2015, at the earliest. In the meantime, throughout 2015, Per Nilsson and Henrik Ohlsson would be writing Phase II of the planned album trilogy. Jokingly, they stated that the album would be entitled, Phase II: The Force Awakens, but then later clarified that the actual album title would be "much cooler", and did not want to risk a lawsuit over naming their album after the new Disney owned Star Wars film. On 16 November, announcements were made to enter the studio and record Phase II after finishing the tour the week after. On 7 December, Phase II has just started being recorded. In February 2017, via their Facebook page, Scar Symmetry announced that album will be released in 2017. However, currently there has been no release of Phase II. On 29 October 2018, the band announced full title of the seventh album as The Singularity (Phase II – Xenotaph).

On 12 March 2019, Scar Symmetry announced that bassist Andreas Holma had resigned from the band, due to a touring dispute.

The first single promoting the album, "Scorched Quadrant" was released on 30 March 2023, with an accompanying music video released the day after. Along with the single, the band announced the release of the album for 9 June 2023.

On 28 March 2024, Scar Symmetry announced that founding member and drummer Henrik Olsson as well as guitarist Benjamin Ellis had both departed from the band. At the same time they also announced that Lawrence Dinamarca and Stephen Platt would be would be taking over on drums and guitar respectively. Dinamarca had been touring with the band since 2022 as the bands live drummer after Olsson was unable to return to touring due to "family reasons".

Current members

 * Per Nilsson – lead guitar, keyboards, backing and clean vocals (2004–present)
 * Roberth Karlsson – harsh vocals (2008–present)
 * Lars Palmqvist – clean vocals (2008–present)
 * Stephen Platt – rhythm guitar (2024–present)
 * Lawrence Dinamarca – drums (2024–present)

Former members

 * Christian Älvestam – lead vocals (2004–2008)
 * Jonas Kjellgren – rhythm guitar, keyboards, backing vocals (2004–2013)
 * Kenneth Seil – bass (2004–2015)
 * Andreas Holma – bass, backing and clean vocals (2016–2019)
 * Henrik Ohlsson – drums (2004–2024)
 * Benjamin Ellis – rhythm guitar, backing and clean vocals (2016–2024)

Session musicians

 * Andreas Silén – bass (2015)
 * Fredrik Groth – rhythm guitar, bass (2012–2014)

Demos

 * Seeds of Rebellion (2004)

Studio albums

 * Symmetric in Design (2005)
 * Pitch Black Progress (2006)
 * Holographic Universe (2008)
 * Dark Matter Dimensions (2009)
 * The Unseen Empire (2011)
 * The Singularity (Phase I – Neohumanity) (2014)
 * The Singularity (Phase II – Xenotaph) (2023)

title: Scar Symmetry


text:
Christoph Meckel

Christoph Meckel (12 June 1935 – 29 January 2020) was a German author and graphic artist. He received awards for his works which connect illustrations with the written text, sometimes texts by others.

Life
Born in Berlin, Meckel spent his youth there, in Erfurt and in Freiburg im Breisgau, where he attended Gymnasium. In 1954/55 he studied graphic art at the Academy of Art in Freiburg im Breisgau, and in 1956 at the Academy of Art in München. Since 1956 he worked as both an author and graphic artist. His first poem appeared that year. He traveled extensively through Europe, Africa, and America and lived in Oetingen in Markgräflerland, in Berlin, in southern France, and in Tuscany.

His graphic work has appeared in numerous exhibitions. Until his withdrawal in 1997, Meckel was a member of the PEN Center of the Federal Republic of Germany. He was a member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz and the Deutschen Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung in Darmstadt.

In her book "For Your Own Good: Hidden Cruelty in Childrearing and the Roots of Violence" Alice Miller provides quotes of Meckel on his childhood: Punishment followed on a grand scale. For ten days, an unconscionable length of time, my father blessed the palms of his child's outstretched four-year-old hands with a sharp twitch. Seven strokes a day on each hand: that makes one hundred and forty strokes and then some. This put an end to the child's innocence. Whatever it was that happened in Paradise involving Adam, Eve, Lilith, the serpent, and the apple, the well-deserved Biblical thunderbolt of prehistoric times, the roar of the Almighty and His pointed finger signifying expulsion – I know nothing about all that. It was my father who drove me out of paradise.

Meckel died in Freiburg on 29 January 2020, aged 84.

Awards
Meckel received numerous literary prizes, including:
 * 1959 Immermann Prize
 * 1966 Preis Junge Generation of the Berliner Kunstpreis
 * 1974 Reinhold-Schneider-Preis
 * 1978 Rainer-Maria-Rilke-Preis für Lyrik
 * 1981 Literaturpreis der Stadt Bremen, Ernst-Meister-Preis für Lyrik
 * 1982 Georg Trakl Prize
 * 1993 Kasseler Literaturpreis
 * 2003 Joseph-Breitbach-Preis
 * 2005 Schiller Ring of the Deutsche Schillerstiftung, Weimar
 * 2006 International Literary Award Novi Sad (Serbia)
 * 2016 Hölty Prize, Hanover
 * 2018 Johann-Peter-Hebel-Preis
 * 2020 Antiquaria Prize

Works

 * Tarnkappe, München 1956
 * Hotel für Schlafwandler, Stierstadt im Taunus 1958
 * Moël, Hamburg [u.a.] 1959
 * Nebelhörner, Stuttgart 1959
 * Der Krieg, Hamburg [u.a.] 1960
 * Manifest der Toten, Stierstadt im Taunus 1960
 * Die Stadt, Hamburg [u.a.] 1960
 * Welttheater, Hamburg [u.a.] 1960
 * Im Land der Umbramauten, Stuttgart 1961
 * Der Turm, Hamburg [u.a.] 1961
 * Wildnisse, Frankfurt a. M. 1962
 * Dunkler Sommer und Musikantenknochen, Berlin 1964
 * Gedichtbilderbuch, Stierstadt im Taunus 1964
 * Gwili und Punk, Groningen 1965
 * Lyrik, Prosa, Graphik aus zehn Jahren, München 1965
 * Das Meer, München 1965
 * Tullipan, Berlin 1965
 * Die Savannen, Bonn 1966
 * Die Noticen des Feuerwerkers Christopher Magalan, Berlin 1966
 * Bei Lebzeiten zu singen, Berlin 1967
 * Die Dummheit liefert uns ans Messer, Berlin 1967 (zusammen mit Volker von Törne)
 * Der glückliche Magier, Baden-Baden 1967
 * Der Wind, der dich weckt, der Wind im Garten, Neuwied [u.a.] 1967
 * In der Tinte, Berlin 1968
 * Amüsierpapiere oder Bilder aus Phantasus' Bauchladen, München 1969
 * Die Balladen des Thomas Balkan, Berlin 1969
 * Bilderbotschaften, München 1969
 * Gedichte aus Biafra, Berlin [u.a.] 1969
 * Jasnados Nachtlied, Freiburg 1969
 * Eine Seite aus dem Paradiesbuch, Berlin 1969
 * You're welcome, Berlin 1969
 * Kraut und Gehilfe, Berlin-Friedenau 1970
 * Zettelphilipp, Berlin 1970
 * Die Geschichte der Geschichten, München 1971
 * Werkauswahl, München 1971
 * Lieder aus dem Dreckloch, Stierstadt (im Taunus) 1972
 * Verschiedene Tätigkeiten, Stuttgart 1972
 * Bockshorn, München 1973
 * Kranich, Düsseldorf 1973
 * Wen es angeht, Düsseldorf 1974
 * Wer viel fragt, kriegt viel gesagt, München 1974 (zusammen mit Alfons Schweiggert)
 * Flaschenpost für eine Sintflut, Berlin 1975
 * Die Gestalt am Ende des Grundstücks, Düsseldorf 1975
 * Nachtessen, Berlin 1975
 * Der Strom, Leverkusen 1976
 * Liebesgedichte, Berlin 1977
 * Erinnerung an Johannes Bobrowski, Düsseldorf 1978
 * Licht, München 1978
 * Über das Fragmentarische, Mainz 1978
 * Ausgewählte Gedichte, Königstein/Ts. 1979
 * Hab aufgelesen meine Spuren, Berlin 1979
 * Säure, Düsseldorf 1979
 * Das Dings da, Düsseldorf 1980
 * Die Sachen der Liebe, Berlin [u.a.] 1980
 * Suchbild: über meinen Vater, Düsseldorf 1980
 * Tunifers Erinnerungen und andere Erzählungen, Frankfurt am Main 1980
 * Das bucklicht Männlein, Frankfurt am Main 1981
 * Jedes Wort hat die Chance einen Anfang zu machen, München 1981
 * Nachricht für Baratynski, München [u.a.] 1981
 * Anabasis, München [u.a.] 1982
 * Der wahre Muftoni, München [u.a.] 1982
 * Ein roter Faden, München [u.a.] 1983
 * Sein Herz ist sein Rücken, Karlsruhe 1983
 * Zeichnungen und Bilder, Berlin 1983
 * Jahreszeiten, Berlin 1984
 * Souterrain, München [u.a.] 1984
 * Bericht zur Entstehung einer Weltkomödie, München [u.a.] 1985
 * Plunder, München [u.a.] 1986
 * Sieben Blätter für Monsieur Bernstein, Stuttgart 1986
 * Anzahlung auf ein Glas Wasser, München [u.a.] 1987
 * Berliner Doodles, Berlin 1987
 * Das Buch Jubal, Düsseldorf 1987
 * Christoph Meckel, Remagen-Rolandseck 1987
 * Limbo, Mainz 1987
 * Hundert Gedichte, München [u.a.] 1988
 * Die Kirschbäume, Warmbronn 1988
 * Pferdefuß, Ravensburg 1988
 * Das Buch Shiralee, Düsseldorf 1989
 * Von den Luftgeschäften der Poesie, Frankfurt am Main 1989
 * Weltwundertüte voll Stückwerk, Lichtenfels 1989
 * Vakuum, Warmbronn 1990
 * Container, Berlin 1991
 * Hans im Glück, Köln 1991
 * Jemel, Leipzig 1991
 * Die Messingstadt, München [u.a.] 1991
 * Shalamuns Papiere, München [u.a.] 1992
 * Votiv, Warmbronn 1992
 * Schlammfang, Düsseldorf 1993
 * Stein, Frauenfeld 1993
 * Archipel, Düsseldorf 1994
 * Sidus scalae, Warmbronn 1995
 * Gesang vom unterbrochenen Satz, München [u.a.] 1995
 * Eine Hängematte voll Schnee, Berlin 1995
 * Immer wieder träume ich Bücher, Warmbronn 1995
 * Nachtmantel, Düsseldorf 1996
 * Merkmalminiaturen, Stuttgart 1997
 * Trümmer des Schmetterlings, Ostfildern vor Stuttgart 1997
 * Ein unbekannter Mensch, München [u.a.] 1997
 * Dichter und andere Gesellen, München [u.a.] 1998
 * Jul Miller, Gifkendorf 1998
 * Komm in das Haus, München [u.a.] 1998
 * Fontany im Sande, Warmbronn 1999
 * Die Ruine des Präsidentenpalastes, Düsseldorf 2000
 * Schöllkopf, Warmbronn 2000
 * Zähne, München [u.a.] 2000
 * Blut im Schuh, Lüneburg 2001
 * Nacht bleibt draußen und trinkt Regen, Passau 2002
 * Suchbild: meine Mutter, München [u.a.] 2002
 * Ungefähr ohne Tod im Schatten der Bäume, München [u.a.] 2003

Exhibition catalogues

 * Christoph Meckel, Radierungen, Holzschnitte, Zeichnungen, Graphik-Zyklen, Bücher, München 1965
 * Christoph Meckel, Handzeichnungen, Radierungen, Bücher, München 1971
 * The graphic work of Christoph Meckel, Austin, Tex. 1973
 * Christoph Meckel, Bilder, Graphik, Hamburg 1976
 * Christoph Meckel & Christopher Middleton, Bilderbücher 1968/1978, Berlin 1979
 * Christoph Meckel, Zeichnungen, Radierungen, Reutlingen 1984
 * Christoph Meckel, Bilder, Bücher, Bilderbücher, Bamberg 1986
 * Christoph Meckel, Zeichnungen, Bilder, Radierungen, Freiburg 1987
 * Christoph Meckel, Zeichnungen und Graphik, Bergisch Gladbach 1987
 * Christoph Meckel, Frankfurt am Main, 1988
 * Christoph Meckel, Radierungen, Freiburg i. Br. 1990
 * Christoph Meckel, Manuskriptbilder 1962 - 1992, Freiburg 1992
 * Christoph Meckel, Neue Zeichnungen und Grafik, Saarbrücken 1997
 * Christoph Meckel, Beginn eines Sommers, Troisdorf 2001

Publications

 * Alles andere steht geschrieben, Kiel 1993
 * Georg Heym: Gedichte, Frankfurt a.M. 1968
 * Vier Tage im Mai, Waldkirch 1989
 * Der Vogel fährt empor als kleiner Rauch, Göttingen 1995
 * Das zahnlos geschlagene Wort, Düsseldorf 1980

Translations

 * Avraham Ben-Yitzhak: Es entfernten sich die Dinge, München [u.a.] 1994
 * Asher Reich: Arbeiten auf Papier, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1992
 * Tuvia Rübner: Wüstenginster, München [u.a.] 1990

Illustrated works

 * Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte, Frankfurt am Main 1974
 * Erich Arendt: Reise in die Provence, Darmstadt 1983
 * Walter Aue: Worte, Köln 1963
 * Thomas Böhme: Die Zöglinge des Herrn Glasenapp, Düsseldorf 1996
 * Bertolt Brecht: Bertolt Brechts Hauspostille, Frankfurt/M. 1966
 * Wolfgang Dick: Nachtstücke - versetzbar, Stierstadt im Taunus 1965
 * Uwe-Michael Gutzschhahn: Fahrradklingel, Berlin 1979
 * Gerd Henniger: Träume, Warmbronn 1987
 * Christopher Middleton: Wie wir Großmutter zum Markt bringen, Stierstadt i. Ts. 1970
 * Zvonko Plepelic: Du kommen um sieben, Berlin 1980
 * Poetische Grabschriften, Frankfurt am Main 1987
 * Die Rechte des Kindes, Ravensburg 1994
 * Ruth Reichstein: Lichterloh, Frauenfeld 1988
 * Christa Reinig: Die Ballade vom blutigen Bomme, Düsseldorf 1972
 * Voltaire: Candide oder der Optimismus; Zadig oder das Schicksal; Der weiße Stier, Köln 1964

title: Christoph Meckel


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tulio Triviño

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was No consensus Ryan Norton T 00:00, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Tulio_Triviño
Junk page--Irixman 19:55, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy A1.    Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   20:03, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps this could be a legit page, as per the stub? Irixman 20:35, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment stub makes sense so it's no longer a speedy and may be rescuable.  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   20:48, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to 31 Minutos --RainR 11:27, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect as per RainR. CambridgeBayWeather 11:31, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Test Drive Unlimited

PC Version
just wondering... is there any evedince seggesting that it will be made for pc also? i hope it is because i have missed it not being for pc since testdrive 6:( Chardrc 01:42, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

It's been confimed now that the game is under development for PC (release date expected Fall 2006) as well as XBox 360 (June 2006). AFAIK There is no confirmation of development for the PS2 or PSP, those versions are just speculation. 24.83.111.251 05:18, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

PS2, PSP and PC have been confirmed.

Tomahawk
I've also removed reference to the Tomahawk, since it was just a fan preference and not an actual vehicle slated for the game. What good is a list of cars intended to be in the game if people cluttered it as a wishlist instead? Rogdor 05:07, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

PS2
Maybe if I might be able to tell them to release on the Playstation 2 as well, it could be a tie. They may look the same versions, except the Controler Configuration. Let's hope they release on the Playstation 2 version as well (I hear that it will not come out on the Playstation 3 since they told Xbox 360 to give them a head start lead, while they figure out the problems). I'm a Playstation 2 fan and I hope this game will come out also on the Playstation 2. Anything Else (a.k.a.) David 11:40, 10 April 2006

I need to tell you something. I might say that when the game comes out, I'll say that the Ferrari cars will have a huge numbers of Ferrari cars like the Japanese cars from Gran Turismo 4. Anything Else (a.k.a.) David 4:40 17 April 2006

Choppers
I found another cars from this game. This game needs to add choppers (not like the helicopter name), and I need someone to find those names of choppers such as Harley Davidson, West Coast Choppers and HotMatch. Anything Else (a.k.a.) David 4:24 19 April 2006

Cars
Can anybody give me some sources on where the cars are from? -- Thorpe | talk 10:50, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

Is Street Racing Legal or Illegal?
Street Legal Races? You have got to be kidding me. What if they have cops to bust you and impound your ride? and here is some advice: Stay away from the volcanic areas. Best gamer 25 July 2006

The producers have confirmed that there will be no rain effect, volcanic effect or night in the game. Also, they have confirmed it is coming out for XBOX 360, PC, PS2, and PSP. Not sure about PS3 yet..

ITEM DELETED

 * That was uncalled for. Firstly, he isn't asking a question. Secondly, you're six months late on your response. Finally, remember to be civil to other editors. --Scottie theNerd 07:35, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

 * My apologies, but to answer the fact that he wasn't asking a question, I was paying strict attention to the title of the discussion, which is "Is Street Racing Legal or Illegal?". Sometimes, I like to joke around when something sounds ridiculous or doesn't make any sense. I'm sort of a newcomer to Wikipedia, and I'm just getting used to what you can and can't do on Wikipedia. I'm sorry if I offended anyone, but I did delete the thing I wrote. JustN5:12 01:47, 15 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Street racing is legal in some countries. There is official legal street racing community in Moscow. Of course not everything is allowed. Also, in many countries police just ignore street racers. Elk Salmon 03:07, 17 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for answering, but as Scottie just noted, Best Gamer never asked a question. The name of the topic confused me! JustN5:12 19:08, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Help
The "what is MOOR" section was quite badly written, so I changed it a little. This was done recently, so I'm asking you to help and check out any errors.

Price Tag
I heard about the $39 price tag too, but I never saw it being confirmed. Can someone cite the source of the price tag?

the source? the Executive producer of TDU, I IM him from time to time and he has confirmed it. Supra guy 07:18, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

Car Prices
I heard that the cars in the game will have the same price tags as the real cars. Anyone know if this is true?

Yes it's true ;) Supra guy 21:56, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

Pagani
It sucks that the Pagani car will be the Pagani Zonda C12S 7.3 instead of the Pagani Zonda "F" which is faster, more powerful, and more desirable.

PS2 Version
I want the Japanese guy to upgrade the PS2 to PlayStation 2 Hi-Definition! I want him to fight back Xbox 360 and my PS2 version will never give up! This game may or may not be the best, but we may have to find out. Best gamer 29 July 2006

Audi RS4
This one is new. Add it to the Carlist.

Cleanup
I just did a huge cleanup (the article really needed it). Among the major things I did was remove a walk through of the demo (first you select a player, then you select a house, then you select a car) and remove the car list. See WP:NOT for rational ("Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate list of information - game guide, instruction manual, etc"). Please do not add content back immediately, discuss it here first. Thanks! +Fin - 08:12, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

"A sequel, Test Drive Unlimited 2, was released on February 8, 2011." Oh yes!!! Somebody here got a timemachine finally! Could I borrow it for a second please? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.120.163.120 (talk) 20:02, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

Indicators
Can anyone tell me if you can use indicators on this game?

-I think they do. I'm NOT sure.. But look through the forums on the official TDU page.. They talk a lot about stuff like this.. You'll find a lot of info.. Also, there's this dude that's a journalist and he has the official game release (not demo) and he's answering lots of questions..

Assuminig by indicators you mean turn signals, no, they are not useable in the game. However you can flash your headlights and honk the horn, as well as rolling up or down your windows. THis is about the extent of the non driving-related control you have of your car. Bigbcraig 23:31, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

Licenced Cars?
Are the 'Civilian Traffic' cars licecned?
 * No. --Lyght 02:35, 13 September 2006 (UTC)
 * But I think the police vehicles may or may not be licensed. Can it be true, or not? Best Gamer 21 September 2006
 * I don't think they are either. --Lyght 22:42, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

Legend or not?
Can anyone tell me if the legendary bugatti veyron will be available to drive on the game?

yes it will. You can ask me more questions if you like on my talk page beacause I talk to the Executive producer regularely on YIM. Supra guy 06:16, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

-AWESOME!!!!

yea it is kind of awesome :D Supra guy 07:19, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

Can't wait! :D Ahh....I wonder though, would the Veyron be faster than the CCR?

Info
Where's all the information about the game? Does the person who did that have a reason for deleting it?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.146.137.174 (talk • contribs)
 * Yes. It was an indiscriminate list of information, something that's not supposed to be on Wikipedia. A list of cars is something you'd find on Gamefaqs, but not here. If you feel strongly, feel free to create a seperate page, and link to it within the article. Chances are it'll get AfD'd anyway though. +Fin - 20:15, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Just as a not, the fact it's an official list does not mean it can be included. It is still a collection of worthless information. The main manufactuers are already mentioned in one of the sections. +Fin - 08:50, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I would suggest finding wherever this information came from and simply linking to that page in External links. If people want the information they can find it that way. Fagstein 06:12, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Good suggestion. Done! +Fin - 12:13, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Can you get an official source on this? A forum post is not what I had in mind. Fagstein 19:50, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Fair point, but I'd a quick look, and couldn't find an offical non-forum list. I'll have another look later. +Fin - 07:26, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

PC realise date.
Ok I updated the USA PC realise date, but I'm not sure about the european one, anyone know? If not I'll just ask the EP. Supra guy 06:03, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

...has been delayed until 28th March (US)--Lildav 15:15, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

 * WHERE'D U GET '07 from?? i tought it was going to be released in Oct. 06... if you're right, the guys that made TDU are a bunch of pieces of ****... i'm not even gonna buy it if its not comin out this month

Many sites have it, plus the EP of TDU. Yes I'd heard 10/24/06 up until recentely, just look at a site such as amazon or any site that sells games. Supra guy 06:29, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

The EU relese of the PC version is supposed to be 16th of february (amazon.co.uk), but on the atari international/uk forums the moderators who are linked to atari are still saying the dates are TBC (to be confirmed). The same goes for PS2 and PSP.

The release date in Australia for pc, ps2 and PSP has been delayed till March 26th 2007. Check official site and I asked at local EB stores so I believe it has been delayed

Changes
I made a fair few changes. Hope I haven't trod on anyone's toes! I felt that some of the gameplay needed describing... We still need to describe the different classes of car, the voice chat system, how car upgrades work (not quite as you might think), etc, etc. Cpc464 14:44, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

PC REQUIREMENTS
i'm going to delete the list because i find it VERY, VERY hard to believe that the processor needs to be above 3.8 Ghz.. someone needs to cite the source, then we can leave it on there.. (good luck finding it)

Well according to this thread here: http://boards.gamefaqs.com/gfaqs/genmessage.php?board=932277&topic=30449424. He claims it came leaked from Atari. so I am reverting back.

on the atari international or USA forums there is/was a post from eden developer that said the specs for the PC version will be close to the ones in the The_Elder_Scrolls_IV:_Oblivion. Thany7 13:11, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

Since the game is in Beta I found the possible Real Requirements for the Beta version here at http://boards.gamefaqs.com/gfaqs/genmessage.php?board=932277&topic=32278692. They are

Processor: Processor 1GHz or higher

Memory: 256 MB RAM

Hard Disk Space: 7.65 GB free

Operating systems: Windows 2000/XP

DVD-ROM Drive: 4X speed or faster

Video: 64MB Hardware T&L-compatible video card

Sound: DirectX version 9.0c-compatible sound card

DirectX: DirectX version 9.0c (included) or higher Supported

Since this is only for the beta and this was the only source of it I wont post it on the main page like the last one. Anyway The real requirments of the full game might be higher or it might be lower you just never know. Sawblade05 09:28, 19 December 2006 (UTC)
 * The gamefaqs poster claims that these stats come directly from the demo readme file. Since the specific requirements are fairly plausible it seems likely that these are the real deal. A confirmation would be nice, of course, and is probably forthcoming, but I don't see anything wrong with posting this info and sourcing it to the beta readme file. At the very least it would save the reader from digging for through this talk page to find them. ˉˉanetode╦╩ 09:53, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

 * The problem is that the game hasn't been released and such information is subject to change. Considering that the requirements will be worthless to players before the game is released, it is best to wait until after official confirmation and/or game release before putting it into the databox. --Scottie theNerd 09:56, 19 December 2006 (UTC)
 * That's true, and in that case it might be better not to mention the beta reqs at all. ˉˉanetode╦╩ 10:35, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

I didn't see the aprocessor sppeed above it is 1GHZ or higher. Sawblade05 03:57, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

XBox
Why don't they have an XBox version of this game?!? They have PS2, PSP, PC, XBox 360. WHERE'S XBOX???

here's my theory: MS and atari singed a contract for a timed exclusivity for the xbox 360 version of the game and probably somewhere in that contract it says no Xbox version. Why did they do that? Well the PS3 relese is here and they are trying/tried to get as many of the 360's out before the PS3. Ive seen a lot of people buying 360's just to play this game so it looks like it worked. Thany7 07:47, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Removal of trivia and PC req sections
There needs to be a reference for the PC requirements, which should then be included only in the infobox per the layout suggested by WP:CVG. The trivia section was poorly written and speculative, there is no need for it. ˉˉanetode╦╩ 01:35, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

I added some stuff here that was on my talk page about this so I will post it here as it was:

See Talk:Test Drive Unlimited, this is not vandalism. ˉˉanetode╦╩ 01:37, 6 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry about that, I did not notice the date changes. As for the PC requirement specs, posts on Gamefaqs message boards are not a reliable source for such information. Atari will release the specs soon enough. ˉˉanetode╦╩ 01:45, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

The stuff above was on my talk about this and it should be analogized. Sawblade05 02:45, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

What is going on? Explain to me why is this page locked? Professional Gamer 01:08, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

PlayStation 2 version delayed until 2007
The PlayStaion 2 version of Test Drive Unlimited is delayed until February 2007. Professional Gamer 16:39, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Try March! JustN5:12 00:06, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

PC Beta Test
Just a note that there is a PC beta test running at the moment. It is an Open Test but much like the Battlefield 2142 one, it is for FilePlanet subscribers only. TheGreatZorko 10:08, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

Now the beta is closed nooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo.High-functioning autism.

PSP Official Release Date
The official release dates for the PSP versions are:

Release Region: Australia. Release Date: Feb 23, 2007.

Release Region: Europe. Release Date: Mar 23, 2007.

Release Region: North America. Release Date: Apr 17, 2007. 84.2.202.191 17:47, 31 January 2007 (UTC)Crippler Informations out-of-date.

Actually, it says that all vesions (PS2, PSP, PC) will be released on March 20, 2007. Why they keep pushing the release dates out; I.D.C.!!! They said October something before, then for sure February up until now, but I know something's going on.

JustN5:12 00:13, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

they are waiting for the PC version to get finished. PS2 and PSP version have been done since december but i guess atari wants to relese the games simultaneously.

Checked official site and asked at game stores around Australia, PC, PSP, PS2 wersions have all been delayed untill March 26th. Changed the PC date on the article

Pricing
Just wondering if anyone knows whether the PC version of the game will require a subscription fee to play (considering it's an MMO and XBox360 users had to sign up with XBox Live)? --Rambutaan 01:40, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

There will be no subscription fee. Thany7 07:04, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Hope you're right mate. That'd be choice :). --Rambutaan 20:29, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

DLC Pack 3
Just letting know, the upcoming TDU pack that will be released at the end of the month is already revealing cars, via an Atari representative on the European forums. So far, there has been 2 cars revealed.

I will be updating this list every day, as the Atari representative will be revealing 1 car a day. So here's the list.

 * Cadillac CTS-V
 * Chrysler Crossfire STR-6 Roadster
 * Audi S6
 * Ferrari F40
 * Chevrolet Corvette Stingray Convertible
 * Mercedes-Benz CLK GTR
 * RUF RTurbo

People who notice a new car revealed are welcome to update the list here. I decided not to put this on the main article, as the cars haven't been released, they'll be revealed throughout the week.

Here is where you can find the revealed car list.

Thanks. The Helper S 20:46, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

Oh yeah, I also made a car table for all the cars in TDU currently available based on Nahallac Silverwinds' Forza Motorsport car table. It can be found here.

Ideas for improvement
I was just comparing this article to the F-Zero article (which is deemed a GA) and this one isn't too bad. What can be improved though IMHO (and I might start working on these myself when I get the time):

 * 1) An expanded critical reception section
 * 2) More references overall
 * 3) A section talking about the Development of the game
 * 4) Maybe some mentioning of the music/audio in the game?

--Rambutaan 21:54, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

Australian release date
Can anyone confirm the Aussie release date? AFAIK, Atari Australia (the publisher) lists April the 16th IIRC as the release date (or sometime in April) rather than March. Although I have seen places where they quote the March release date (so I'm confused). --Rambutaan 22:52, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

 * March 26 for the PC version, but I'm not sure about other versions. JustN5:12 23:51, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

Hardcore mode
I've noticed that this has been mentioned a couple of times in the article... what exactly is it? Perhaps that could be mentioned in the article somewhere... --Rambutaan 00:52, 22 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Live once, die once! JustN5:12 22:18, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

PS2 + PSP versions
In the article it has a title saying Sony Playstation 2 version differences, then the text beneath it says that there are some differences in the PS2 AND PSP versions - i was just wondering if they mean both or if PSP just got mixed in by mistake because i dont like the sound of no motorbikes in the psp version :( S-m-r-t 10:20, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

PS2 Version Comparisons
Someone should look to clean up the PS2 Versions differences part of the article, as it is unclear. I would, but I do not have the information on hand.

Gta95 22:45, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Alternative compatibility
Here's the so-called "requirements" for Test Drive Unlimited on PC:
 * CPU        Intel P4 at 2.4 GHZ
 * GPU        Nvidia 6600 GT with at least 256 MB of VRAM

Now, here's what I have:
 * CPU        Intel Celeron at 3.6 GHZ
 * GPU        Nvidia GeForce, which I am told is a 7800 GT with more than 256 MB of VRAM

Would either of what I have listed be compatible at all with Test Drive Unlimited on PC? Also, if not, can you have anything higher or better performing than what the requirements lists, providing that it come from the same companies? Everything else I pretty much have, and will have a DVD player installed with more than 8x speed. JustN5:12 22:20, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Don't know if this is the right place to post this stuff but just got the game yesterday and it works fine on my system (mind you I'm running on 1024x768, no AA, no HDR, High detail):
 * CPU: AMD64 3000+
 * Video: NVIDIA GeForce 7800GS
 * RAM: 2GB
 * --Rambutaan 23:25, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Celeron sucks. It is not at all meant for gaming. --SkyWalker 18:36, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

minimum requerements
hey wassup? I want to buy this game, but i dunno if my PC can run it, this is what i have

Intel Core 2 Duo E6600 at 2.40Ghz

2GB DDR2 RAM

nVidia GeForce 7300GT 512MB DDR2 128bit

Windows Vista Ultimate 32 bits (I also have the XP media center installation disk, if i hate vista i´ll change it lol)

can my system run this game at 1024 x 768??Big butt gangsta 00:16, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm also questioning whether the game will work on what I have too (see above discussion). However, I'm assuming that if the requirements lists that you need to have a 2.4Ghz Intel P4, then I don't see why an Intel Core Duo wouldn't work, because it's more advanced than the P4 itself (it might not be the best, but it probably should work). Good luck on trying the game out! JustN5:12 01:06, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes you can run TDU at medium setting with some setting disabled. --SkyWalker 18:36, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

 * 1024x768 will probably work fine. Don't turn on antialiasing and HDR though, that taxes even higher end cards.   85.19.140.9 12:51, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

 * How do you check your screen's...whatever it's called (e.g. whatever 1024x768 stands for)? JustN5:12 03:37, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

Manual Transmission Removal?
Any reasons why they have to cut out MT to the PS2 and the PSP? Professional Gamer 02:59, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

Reeditting DLC info
I think description for DLCs should, but it will makes large change so I test re-editting style of DLC info.

Do you have anything suggestion?--ja:PiaCarrot 13:44, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

 * That looks a lot better than what is there now. My only suggestion it to add links to the vehicles' articles.  Also, the preceding text should be clear that this only applies to the X-Box 360 version. ~ Dusk Knight  05:41, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

PC Patch
I am a main contributor of information regarding the upcoming Patch #1 for the PC version of the game. I can say 'main contributor' safely, because I was the person who added most of the current information to this section, as well as adding references/ footnotes. I would like to propose a semi-major change to the article: information regarding the PC Patch should be given its own section, instead of being 'tacked on' to the end of 'Downloadable Content'. Thank you for your time (lol). Bolmedias 12:35, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Okay, this waiting for the darned patch is just becoming tiresome. Who else agrees with me that we should at least be given more information about it? Bolmedias 09:00, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

 * What does this have to do with anything? -- Scottie_theNerd  09:03, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

 * The patch for the PC version of the game. It has been delayed so many times I almost want to sell the game. But my first post was proposing giving information about the PC patch its own section, instead of being tacked on to the end of 'Downloadable Content.' I don't want to just go ahead and make the change, because I have got into trouble when editing other articles. Bolmedias 14:35, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

Contrary to what's stated in the article, the 'leaked' 1.66A patch from the Atari Australia website is identical to the one officially released on July 17th. 80.137.161.69 17:50, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

PC Car list
This section requires cleanup- not all of the cars listed under it are buyable- some are unlockable. Bolmedias 09:55, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

Soundtrack?
Hey guys, i have noticed that there is no song list on this article, as there is on other racing games articles, like the one u made for need for speed carbon and stuff like that. Can anyone add the soundtrack list please? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.192.140.65 (talk)

 * Soundtrack lists tend to be against the WikiProject Videogames guidelines. -- Scottie_theNerd  04:09, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

 * If that's true, why is there a soundtrack list on other games articles? like in the Need for speed: Carbon Article, the Midnight club 3: DUB Edition Article and others?

And here i show u:

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Need_For_Speed_Most_Wanted#Soundtrack
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Need_For_Speed_Carbon#Soundtrack
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight_Club_3#Soundtrack

And u say it's against the wikipedia rules? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)
 * It's not against the rules, but a list just for the sake of including the info is against the guidelines for a quality article. The articles you mention are not quality articles.  Quite the opposite in fact...  Anyway, a music section might be worthwhile for TDU since the soundtrack caused the PC version to get re-rated.  I think each version of the game has a different soundtrack. ~ Dusk Knight  04:16, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

Someone has added a soundtrack, but they do not specify which version of the game it's for - it certainly doesn't match my version. If a soundtrack list is included (personally I think it looks out of place) then there should be one for all versions, with information specifying which version each one refers to. 82.26.68.179 (talk) 21:37, 3 January 2008 (UTC)

 * A LOT, and I mean a LOT of songs from my version of the game are different from what's listed here, AND some that are listed here are omitted from my version. For example, I don't see "Remedy" by Seether listed here (not to mention UUGGGGGHHHHHHHHHK: CLASSICAL MUSIC!!!!!!!!!).JustN5:12 (talk) 00:03, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

Car list
Car lists are considered game guide material, and are not allowed on wikipedia. Please do not re-add it. DurinsBane87 00:58, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Criticism section
I removed this because it wasn't verifiable (nor matches most people's experience). The reference for the original section was to a user posted review made before the patch and quite possibly simply the result of a problem with the users own computer configuration. It was not a professional review and niether was the sentiment reflected (or even mentioned) in the majority of other reviews.

On the topic of connectivity and PC servers, the general consensus among users of the official game forums seems to be that actually the majority of problems with connectivity are related to the local computer, and there are steps one can take to rectify the situation such as opening up the correct ports. There was a well documented server outage recently, which affected several platforms simultaniously. However this lasted less than 24 hours. BetaTesterDLA (talk) 11:54, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Could people discuss here if they want to continue adding unverifiable criticism of this game. Fan reaction has already been written about using the average user score from metacritic. Linking a thread where an insignificant proportion of users complain about the game is not a verifiable source. If you don't agree then discuss it! BetaTesterDLA (talk) 17:06, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

PS2 Version NPCs
I've never played this game, but the article is contradictary. It both states that the PS2 version does not include NPCs, and then mentions special NPCs in the PS2 version. Can someone who knows the game fix this, thanks. IDX (talk) 11:21, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I changed it to "background characters in buildings" in the missing content section. They're just characters who stand around in dealerships and shops as opposed to the special NPCs who are out driving.  I'm basing this on the PSP version which doesn't show any characters (not even the player character) in buildings.  Not sure if that's the case in the PS2 version. ~ Dusk Knight  21:46, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

PC patch info
Quote: "The 64-bit platform invariably creates conflicts despite the 4gb video memory that most users have (as recommended by the Atari manufacturer of TDU) as the game tends to draw from the users ram as opposed to dedicated video card memory." This information doesn't seem to be correct, I'm not even sure what that meant. Maybe virtual memory, but I'm not sure. As of now, it's plainly not true and requires editing. Kav2k (talk) 08:04, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Test Drive Unlimited


text: Category:Debrecen

title: Category:Debrecen


text:
Cartesian product of graphs

In graph theory, the Cartesian product $G □ H$ of graphs $G$ and $H$ is a graph such that: The Cartesian product of graphs is sometimes called the box product of graphs [Harary 1969].
 * the vertex set of $G □ H$ is the Cartesian product $V(G) × V(H)$; and
 * two vertices $(u,v)$ and $(u' ,v' )$ are adjacent in $G □ H$ if and only if either
 * $u = u'$ and $v$ is adjacent to $v'$ in $H$, or
 * $v = v'$ and $u$ is adjacent to $u'$ in $G$.

The operation is associative, as the graphs $(F □ G) □ H$ and $F □ (G □ H)$ are naturally isomorphic. The operation is commutative as an operation on isomorphism classes of graphs, and more strongly the graphs $G □ H$ and $H □ G$ are naturally isomorphic, but it is not commutative as an operation on labeled graphs.

The notation $G × H$ has often been used for Cartesian products of graphs, but is now more commonly used for another construction known as the tensor product of graphs. The square symbol is intended to be an intuitive and unambiguous notation for the Cartesian product, since it shows visually the four edges resulting from the Cartesian product of two edges.

Examples

 * The Cartesian product of two edges is a cycle on four vertices: K2$□$K2 = C4.
 * The Cartesian product of K2 and a path graph is a ladder graph.
 * The Cartesian product of two path graphs is a grid graph.
 * The Cartesian product of n edges is a hypercube:
 * $$(K_2)^{\square n} = Q_n.$$
 * Thus, the Cartesian product of two hypercube graphs is another hypercube: Qi$□$Qj = Qi+j.

 * The Cartesian product of two median graphs is another median graph.
 * The graph of vertices and edges of an n-prism is the Cartesian product graph K2$□$Cn.
 * The rook's graph is the Cartesian product of two complete graphs.

Properties
If a connected graph is a Cartesian product, it can be factorized uniquely as a product of prime factors, graphs that cannot themselves be decomposed as products of graphs. However, describe a disconnected graph that can be expressed in two different ways as a Cartesian product of prime graphs:
 * $$(K_1 + K_2 + K_2^2) \mathbin{\square} (K_1 + K_2^3) = (K_1 + K_2^2 + K_2^4) \mathbin{\square} (K_1 + K_2),$$

where the plus sign denotes disjoint union and the superscripts denote exponentiation over Cartesian products. This is related to the identity that
 * $$(1+x+x^2)(1+x^3) = (1+x^2+x^4)(1+x) = 1+x+x^2+x^3+x^4+x^5 = (1+x)(1+x+x^2)(1-x+x^2)$$

Both the factors $$1+x^3$$ and $$1+x^2+x^4$$ are not irreducible polynomials, but their factors include negative coefficients and thus the corresponding graphs cannot be decomposed. In this sense, the failure of unique factorization on (possibly disconnected) graphs is akin to the statement that polynomials with nonnegative integer coefficients is a semiring that fails the unique factorization property.

A Cartesian product is vertex transitive if and only if each of its factors is.

A Cartesian product is bipartite if and only if each of its factors is. More generally, the chromatic number of the Cartesian product satisfies the equation
 * $$\chi (G \mathbin{\square} H) = \max \{ \chi (G), \chi (H) \}.$$

The Hedetniemi conjecture states a related equality for the tensor product of graphs. The independence number of a Cartesian product is not so easily calculated, but as showed it satisfies the inequalities
 * $$\alpha (G) \alpha (H) + \min \{ |V(G)| -\alpha (G), |V(H)| - \alpha (H) \} \le \alpha (G \mathbin{\square} H) \le \min \{ \alpha (G) |V(H)|, \alpha (H) |V(G)| \}.$$

The Vizing conjecture states that the domination number of a Cartesian product satisfies the inequality
 * $$\gamma (G \mathbin{\square} H) \ge \gamma (G) \gamma (H).$$

The Cartesian product of unit distance graphs is another unit distance graph.

Cartesian product graphs can be recognized efficiently, in linear time.

Algebraic graph theory
Algebraic graph theory can be used to analyse the Cartesian graph product. If the graph $$G_1$$ has $$n_1$$ vertices and the $$n_1\times n_1$$ adjacency matrix $$\mathbf A_1$$, and the graph $$G_2$$ has $$n_2$$ vertices and the $$n_2\times n_2$$ adjacency matrix $$\mathbf A_2$$, then the adjacency matrix of the Cartesian product of both graphs is given by
 * $$\mathbf A_{1\mathbin{\square} 2} = \mathbf A_1 \otimes \mathbf I_{n_2} + \mathbf I_{n_1} \otimes \mathbf A_2$$,

where $$\otimes$$ denotes the Kronecker product of matrices and $$\mathbf I_n$$ denotes the $$n\times n$$ identity matrix. The adjacency matrix of the Cartesian graph product is therefore the Kronecker sum of the adjacency matrices of the factors.

Category theory
Viewing a graph as a category whose objects are the vertices and whose morphisms are the paths in the graph, the cartesian product of graphs corresponds to the funny tensor product of categories. The cartesian product of graphs is one of two graph products that turn the category of graphs and graph homomorphisms into a symmetric closed monoidal category (as opposed to merely symmetric monoidal), the other being the tensor product of graphs. The internal hom $$[G, H]$$ for the cartesian product of graphs has graph homomorphisms from $$G$$ to $$H$$ as vertices and "unnatural transformations" between them as edges.

History
According to, Cartesian products of graphs were defined in 1912 by Whitehead and Russell. They were repeatedly rediscovered later, notably by.

title: Cartesian product of graphs


text:
Imperial Eagle (disambiguation)

Imperial Eagle can refer to:

In heraldry

 * the military standard of the Roman Empire, see Aquila (Roman)
 * the Byzantine imperial eagle
 * the German Reichsadler
 * the French Imperial Eagle, the regimental symbol used by Napoleon Bonaparte's French armies

Species

 * Eastern imperial eagle
 * Spanish imperial eagle

Other

 * a British merchant ship of the 1780s, the Imperial Eagle

title: Imperial Eagle (disambiguation)


text:
User talk:Danish77

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia.

title: User talk:Danish77


text: User talk:81.173.234.182

title: User talk:81.173.234.182


text:
Talk:McDonald's Monopoly scandal

I added a merge to this because there's duplicate information about the scandal in 2001, and I don't know if the scandal deserves its own page. Georgehotelling 19:57, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:McDonald's Monopoly scandal


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Legacy of huh

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 07:56, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Legacy of huh
Examples of the use of huh. Huh??? nn Dl yo ns 493  Ta lk   19:57, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Huh? Original research, unsupported, erroneous in time of origin, not encyclopedic.  Delete.  Barno 20:20, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Barno. Steve Summit (talk) 21:06, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. Also, would anyone search using this title? Grutness...  wha?  01:03, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Grutness. feydey 11:04, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Alytus municipality

Alytus municipality may refer to:

 * Alytus city municipality, Lithuania
 * Alytus district municipality, Lithuania

title: Alytus municipality


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Homework excuses

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete Ryan Norton T 23:55, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Homework excuses
No part of an encyclopedia. DJ Clayworth 19:59, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The dog deleted this entry. Not encyclopedic topic, not authoritative source for list, no good enough alibi to let it slide.  Barno 20:21, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I could see this going somewhere. Keep. Voyager640 20:30, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - I suspect fraud, they're not even funny, half of them are "X ate it", did 100 people really vote on these? (Oh, yeah, and in any case, not very encyclopedic.) Steve Summit (talk) 21:09, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete junk maybe BJAODN on a few of them --JAranda | yeah 22:25, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Wikify and Transwiki to Wikisource where this kind of list belong. Wikipedia is not an instruction manual. Grobertson 22:27, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete or my hamster will chew through your radio alarm cable tomorrow morning. --MacRusgail 22:37, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: File:Earth interior and atmosphere.png

title: File:Earth interior and atmosphere.png


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Klaipėda (disambiguation)

Klaipėda is a city in Lithuania.

Klaipėda may also refer to:

Places

 * Klaipėda County, Lithuania
 * Klaipėda District Municipality, Lithuania
 * Neighborhoods of Klaipėda, Lithuania
 * Klaipėda Region, a former area of East Prussia

Sports

 * BC Maistas Klaipėda
 * Klaipėda Central Stadium
 * FC Klaipėda

Other uses

 * Klaipėda Airfield
 * Klaipėda Castle
 * Klaipėda LNG terminal, a liquefied natural gas terminal in Lithuania
 * Klaipėda Revolt, a 1923 push for unification of Lithuania with East Prussia
 * Klaipėda University
 * Coat of arms of Klaipėda
 * Port of Klaipėda
 * Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Klaipėda

title: Klaipėda (disambiguation)


text:
Arthur Wishart

Arthur Allison Wishart, (June 11, 1903 – November 23, 1986) was a politician and in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1963 to 1971. He was a Progressive Conservative member who served in the cabinets of John Robarts and Bill Davis.

Background
Born in New Brunswick, Wishart obtained his law degree from Osgoode Hall Law School in 1930, and then practised in Windsor and Blind River.

Politics
He served as mayor of Blind River before moving to Sault Ste. Marie.

In the 1963 provincial election, he was elected the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for Sault Ste. Marie.

He entered the cabinet within a year as Attorney General of Ontario under then Premier John Robarts. He served in that senior cabinet portfolio for seven years, and is credited with shepherding many important pieces of legislation, including the Legal Aid Act of 1966 and the Law Enforcement Compensation Act of 1967.

In 1967, Wishart fired Morton Shulman from his position as Chief Coroner of Metropolitan Toronto as a result of Shulman's criticisms of the government's failure to follow various recommendations made in coroner's inquiries. The dismissal propelled Shulman, until then a long-time Tory, into politics as a candidate and then MPP for the New Democratic Party.

In early 1971, Wishart became Minister of Financial and Consumer Affairs under Robarts's successor, Bill Davis, and served until retiring from politics at the 1971 provincial election.

Wishart was very active on the issue of franchises while he was Minister of Finance and Minister of Consumer and Commercial Affairs. He initiated the Grange Commission, an inquiry held into the financial abuse of franchisees by franchisors. The Arthur Wishart (Franchise Disclosure) Act, passed in 2000 was named in his honour.

Later life
After leaving politics, he served the province as chairman of the Criminal Injuries Compensation Board and later of the Commission on Election Contributions and Expenses. He returned to Queen's Park in 1973 as a liaison between Premier Davis and the Progressive Conservative caucus.

Wishart was a supporter of Sault Ste. Marie's local university, Algoma University, and in 1989 a new wing was built at Algoma to house the Arthur A. Wishart Library.

In 1976, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada. He died on November 23, 1986.

title: Arthur Wishart


title: User:Sandove89


text: User talk:68.98.33.37

title: User talk:68.98.33.37


text:
Panevėžys municipality

Panevėžys municipality can refer to either of these two municipalities in Lithuania:

 * Panevėžys
 * Panevėžys District Municipality

title: Panevėžys municipality


text:
Talk:List of storms named Marie

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Hurricane Marie (2014) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 10:19, 24 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Marie


text:
Esken

Esken Limited (lse: ESKN), formerly Stobart Group Limited, is a British infrastructure, aviation and energy company, with operations in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The company is registered in Guernsey but has its operational head office in London, England. The company originally started in January 2002 as the Westbury Property Fund Limited, a closed-ended real-estate investment fund. In August 2006, realising that property prices were reaching the peak of the market, the Westbury Property Fund decided to re-position its portfolio towards the logistics sector, buying Weston Point Docks in Runcorn, AHC Warehousing and the rail operations of Victa Westlink Rail in March 2007. It then agreed an asset swap deal in August 2007 with the privately owned investment company WA Developments, whereby Westbury would sell 90% of its non-logistics related property portfolio to WA Developments in return for its Eddie Stobart Ltd subsidiary. Eddie Stobart Chairman Andrew Tinkler became CEO, whilst his brother-in-law, the Managing Director William Stobart became COO of the renamed Stobart Group, which subsequently diversified into other sectors. After boardroom changes in 2013, in 2014 a 51% stake in its original transport business was sold, becoming Eddie Stobart Logistics with William Stobart as its CEO. The Group retained the rights to the brand Eddie Stobart, licensing it out to the new company. With Andrew Tinkler remaining CEO at Stobart Group, it re-positioned itself around its remaining interests. In June 2018, Andrew Tinkler left the company and in May 2020, Stobart Group announced the sale of the Eddie Stobart and Stobart brand names to Eddie Stobart Logistics, requiring it to change its corporate name by February 2021. In January 2021, Stobart Group announced that following shareholder approval, it would change its name to "Esken Limited" in February 2021. The company was listed on the London Stock Exchange. However, unlike most UK public companies, the company retained its "Ltd" status as it is incorporated in Guernsey and not England & Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland, which would require it to change its suffix to "plc" status.

The company went into administration on 21 March 2024.

Lead-up
The company started out as the Westbury Property Fund Limited, a closed ended real estate investment fund based in Guernsey established in January 2002 by Investment Manager Richard Burrell. In August 2006, realising that property prices were reaching the peak of the market, the Westbury Property Fund decided to re-position its portfolio towards the logistics sector, by buying Weston Point Docks in Runcorn, AHC Warehousing and the rail operations of Victa Westlink Rail in March 2007.

Reverse takeover by Eddie Stobart
The company was created on 15 August 2007 when the Westbury Property Fund entered into a reverse acquisition by the Eddie Stobart Logistics business, which enabled Eddie Stobart Logistics to gain a stock market listing. Westbury acquired the ultimate Eddie Stobart Ltd holding company, Stobart Holdings Ltd, from W.A. Developments International Ltd for £137.7 million: £62 million in cash and £76 million in new Westbury Property Fund shares. The renamed Westbury group then became the London Stock Exchange listed Stobart Group Ltd, with Andrew Tinkler and William Stobart becoming substantial shareholders holding 20% and 8.5% respectively of the Stobart Group. In return, Westbury sold the bulk of its commercial property portfolio, Westbury Properties Ltd., to another WA Developments subsidiary, WADI Properties Ltd., for £142.0 million in cash, thereby retaining the assets under the control of Andrew Tinkler and William Stobart (the owners of WA Developments), while being outside the new group. The enlarged Stobart Group diversified into other sectors, making acquisitions including WA Developments Ltd from W A Developments Holdings Ltd in 2008, London Southend Airport in 2008, Carlisle Lake District Airport in 2009 and 50% of A. W. Jenkinson Biomass Ltd in 2010.

On 21 April 2011, the Group announced a Placing and Open Offer (similar to a rights issue) of 77,339,766 new ordinary shares in the Stobart Group at 155p each to raise net proceeds of £114.9 million. The Group also announced it was buying the remaining 50% of Stobart Biomass Products it did not already own for £20 million.

In January 2012, the Group announced it was buying back its former commercial property portfolio which it sold to WA Developments in 2007, by acquiring WADI Properties Ltd for £12.35 million.

Boardroom coup and counter-coup
In January 2013, following an under-performing share price, Stobart Group's largest shareholder, Invesco, initiated a number of boardroom changes. The Non-Executive Chairman, Rodney Baker-Bates, was demoted to Non-Executive Director, whilst Avril Palmer-Baunack, the former Chief Executive of Autologic and now Deputy Chief Executive of Stobart Group, was promoted to  Executive Chairman. Her remit was to sell off under-performing parts of the business. In April 2013, Stobart Group announced that Palmer-Baunack would be leaving the Group in the next month. In October 2013, Stobart Group appointed Iain Ferguson CBE as independent Non-Executive Chairman.

Partial realisation of Transport and Distribution Division
In March 2014, the group announced its intention to re-position itself as an Infrastructure and Support Services business, with the sale of its main transport and distribution business to Douglas Bay Capital for £280.8 million: £195.6 million in cash and £44.1 million in shares (and therefore a 49% stake) of the new Eddie Stobart logistics business. The deal enabled the group to pay back almost all of its debt, conduct a £35 million share buy-back and invest £55 million into its new division, Stobart Green Energy. At the same time William Stobart left his position as Chief Operating Officer of the Stobart Group to become Executive Chairman of Eddie Stobart Logistics.

On 11 May 2017, it was announced that Warwick Brady would become the Group CEO from the June AGM, with Andrew Tinkler remaining as an Executive Board Member and also heading up Stobart Capital, a new venture independent of the Stobart Group. On Thursday 14 June 2018, it was announced that Stobart Group had removed its executive director and former Chief Executive Andrew Tinkler from its board of directors.

Rationalisation
On 13 January 2020, Andrew Tinkler sold his remaining 4.975% shareholding in the company. Also on 13 January 2020, Toscafund announced that it owned 11.70% of the Stobart Group, this was subsequently increased to 18.8%.

On 21 May 2020, the firm announced that it had sold the intellectual property rights to the "Eddie Stobart" and "Stobart" brand names for £10 million to Eddie Stobart Logistics to end confusion with its investors. This means that the Stobart Group would change its corporate name by 28 February 2021. It did not reveal whether it was going to revert to its original name Westbury or would adopt an entirely new name.

On 4 June 2020, the firm announced another Placing and Open Offer consisting of 200,046,312 Firm Placed Shares and 49,953,688 Open Offer Shares at 40p each to raise gross proceeds of £100 million to provide additional liquidity and to enable its Aviation division to deliver on its long-term strategic ambitions. As a result of this, the group's largest shareholder Toscafund Asset Management, would increase its shareholding to 27.56%. It also announced that as a result of concentrating on its airports and aviation services businesses, it had decided to divest all its non-core assets to raise further cash, by selling its remaining stake in Eddie Stobart Logistics, and Stobart Air, Propius, Stobart Rail & Civils, Stobart Energy and all its remaining non-core commercial properties.

Stobart Group Ltd confirmed the sale of Stobart Rail & Civils to Bavaria Industries Group AG on 14 July 2020, for an initial cash consideration of £1,000.

Becoming Esken Limited
Stobart Group confirmed on 11 January 2021 that, subject to shareholder approval, it would change its name to "Esken Limited" (meaning 'to ascend, to climb and to rise'; related to the Latin ascendo and the modern Welsh esgyn on 3 February 2021. The group had sold the "Eddie Stobart" and "Stobart" trademarks to Eddie Stobart Logistics, in May 2020, for £10m.

In April 2021, it was announced that Stobart Air and Carlisle Lake District Airport would be sold to Isle of Man-based company Ettyl, with Esken retaining its aviation activities at London Southend Airport. However, the deal fell through after Stobart Air entered liquidation.

London Southend Airport was sold to the US Private Equity corporation Carlyle in March 2024 in a deal which led to Esken delisting from the London Stock Exchange.

After the company's restructuring plan was found to be "no longer commercially viable", the business went into administration on 21 March 2024.

Financial performance
Figures below show the recent results for the Group; the financial year runs to the last day of February each year:

London Southend Airport

On 2 December 2008, Stobart Group announced the surprise £21 million purchase of London Southend Airport, through its subsidiary Stobart Airports Ltd from Regional Airports Ltd (who also own London Biggin Hill Airport). The deal completed on 5 December 2008. At the time, the book value of London Southend Airport's assets were £25.5 million, and the acquisition was later described as a "bargain purchase" by the Stobart Group. The deal was paid as to £10 million in new Stobart Group shares, £6 million by a vendor loan note, and the remaining £5 million was to be paid on the completion of the London Southend Airport expansion plans in July 2012.

In June 2023, Esken confirmed it had put London Southend Airport up for sale. It was purchased by Carlyle in March 2024.

Carlisle Lake District Airport

In 2006, Stobart had also been considering expanding into the air freight business. On 7 April 2006 Haughey Airports Ltd – the company which operated Carlisle Airport – was acquired by Eddie Stobart's parent company WA Developments, through a subsidiary company Stobart Air Holdings Ltd. Haughey Airports Ltd was then renamed Stobart Air Ltd. After the reverse takeover in 2007, the Stobart Air operation remained outside the enlarged Stobart Group, i.e. it was still owned by WA Developments. The March 2008 purchase by the group of W. A. Developments Ltd included a £50,000 option agreement to purchase the airport, controlled by WA Developments through Stobart Air Holdings. In January 2009, Stobart Group's subsidiary, Stobart Airports Ltd, exercised its option to acquire Carlisle Lake District Airport from Stobart Air Holdings for £14 million (£1 million less than originally announced). Following an independent shareholder vote, the acquisition was completed in May 2009, and the purchase price was reduced to £9.9 million due to a fall in the value of Stobart Group shares.

In April 2021, Isle of Man based Ettyl Ltd announced it had agreed to purchase Carlisle Airport, together with airline Stobart Air, from Esken. However, the transaction fell through two months later due to funding issues.

Eddie Stobart Logistics
Stobart Investments included the group's remaining 11.8% stake in the Eddie Stobart Logistics business, a multi-modal logistics company operating across the road, rail and ports sectors, which between 2007 and 2014 was Stobart Group's main operation, when it was a wholly owned subsidiary.

Stobart Air

On 11 October 2010, the Stobart Group announced that it was purchasing 35 convertible preference shares of €1 each in the parent company of the Irish airline Aer Arann, Everdeal Ltd, through its subsidiary Aer Arann UK Ltd, for €2.5 million, enabling it to have a 5% stake in the airline. Stobart Group had an option to increase its stake by a further 27.5% to 32.5%. At the same time, Aer Arann announced that it would start twice daily flights from Stobart Group's London Southend Airport to Galway and Waterford in Ireland from 27 March 2011.

On 24 February 2017 Stobart Group completed 100% acquisition of Stobart Air, after purchasing the remaining 19% of Everdeal Holdings. Stobart Group also completed 100% ownership of Propius Holdings Ltd, the aircraft leasing firm through which many of the Stobart Air aircraft are sourced. In February 2018, it was reported that Stobart was considering purchasing 100% of Flybe for whom it operated flights from London Southend.

On 11 January 2019, the Connect Airways consortium formed by Stobart Aviation and Virgin Atlantic announced a takeover bid for Flybe. The consortium initially lent £20 million to enable Flybe to continue operations, and also took over Stobart Air; after the acquisition completed it provided a further £80 million. The consortium's aim was to combine Flybe and Stobart Air with Virgin Atlantic to create an integrated carrier operating under the Virgin Atlantic brand. Flybe and Stobart Air would have however retained their own Air Operator Certificates and Stobart Air's other wet lease operations and its aircraft leasing business would have continued unchanged. Flybe's operating assets were transferred to Connect Airways on 21 February 2019, despite a last-minute rival bid.

On 18 March 2020, Connect Airways entered administration.

On 27 April 2020, Stobart Group bought back Stobart Air and Propius Leasing from Connect Airways administrators EY, for an initial payment of £300,000 and deferred consideration that could total £8.25 million.

In April 2021, Isle of Man-based company Ettyl reached an agreement to buy Stobart Air and Carlisle Lake District Airport. At the end of May, it emerged that Ettyl's intended financing had not materialised, postponing completion of the deal. Stobart Air was closed and began liquidation in June 2021.

Moneypenny Property Portfolio
The Moneypenny Property Portfolio comprises the company's portfolio of properties, including retail sites, light industrial buildings and distribution centres, office space and holdings which are owned or used in the Group's day-to-day business. It also includes WADI Properties Ltd. In return for the reverse takeover deal in 2007 which saw Westbury become the new Stobart Group, Westbury sold the bulk of its commercial property portfolio, Westbury Properties Ltd., to another WA Developments subsidiary, WADI Properties Ltd., for £142.0 million in cash, thereby enabling these assets to also be controlled by Andrew Tinkler and William Stobart (the owners of WA Developments), while being outside the new group. Westbury Properties Ltd, owned Moneypenny Ltd, (known as the Moneypenny Property Portfolio) at the time comprised 18 freehold and long leasehold properties, a mixture of commercial, industrial and residential properties primarily in the South-East. Because of a fall in property values during 2007–2011, the Stobart Group also announced an option to buy back Westbury Properties Ltd. from WADI Properties Ltd. expiring on 15 August 2011, as some of its properties, owned by a Westbury Properties Ltd. subsidiary, Moneypenny Ltd., were used by the Stobart Group for its operations. On 17 January 2012, Stobart Group announced it was purchasing WADI Properties Ltd. itself for £12.35 million (£5.15 million in cash and £7.2 million in new Stobart Group ordinary shares) from W. A. Developments International Ltd. Following another independent shareholder vote, the acquisition was completed on 28 February 2012.

Connect Airways

On 11 January 2019, the Connect Airways consortium formed by Stobart Aviation and Virgin Atlantic announced a takeover bid for Flybe. The consortium will initially lend £20 million to enable Flybe to continue operations, and will also take over Stobart Air; after the acquisition is complete it will provide a further £80 million. The consortium's aim is to combine Flybe and Stobart Air with Virgin Atlantic to create an integrated carrier operating under the Virgin Atlantic brand. Flybe and Stobart Air would however retain their own Air Operator Certificates and Stobart Air's other wet lease operations and its aircraft leasing business would continue unchanged. On 15 January 2019, Connect Airways announced an increased offer, which Flybe's board accepted. Flybe's operating assets were transferred to Connect Airways on 21 February 2019, despite a last-minute rival bid.

On 5 March 2020, the consortium was unable to commit further financial support and Flybe entered administration, ceasing all operations. On 18 March 2020, Connect Airways in turn entered administration.

Stobart Rail & Civils
On 10 March 2008 the Stobart Group acquired W. A. Developments Ltd from W. A. Developments International Ltd, for £15 million (£2.5 million in cash and £12.5 million in new Stobart Group shares).

At the beginning of June 2008, W. A. Developments Ltd. was renamed Stobart Rail Ltd and became responsible for all the railway maintenance and infrastructure activities of the group. Stobart Rail operates the Southend Airport railway station which it opened on 18 July 2011.

On 14 July 2020, the Stobart Group Ltd confirmed the sale of Stobart Rail & Civils to Bavaria Industries Group AG for an initial cash consideration of £1,000.

Teesside International Airport

On 14 March 2019, the Mayor of the Tees Valley, Ben Houchen, who in January 2019 brought Durham Tees Valley Airport back into public ownership, unveiled Stobart Aviation as the new operators of the airport. Stobart manage the airport on behalf of the Tees Valley Combined Authority and invested in a 25% stake in the new airport company. The airport reverted to its previous name of Teesside International Airport in July 2019.

Star Handling
Star Handling (formerly Stobart Aviation Services) offers landside and airside services to time critical logistics operations, whilst working alongside airline partners and airports. It has operations at London Stansted Airport, Manchester Airport and London Southend Airport. In May 2023, Esken announced they had completed the disposal of Star Handling to a subsidiary of Prime Flight Aviation Services for £3.46 million, with a further £1.34 million payable based upon the business meeting its revenue forecasts over the following year.

Esken Renewables
On 24 March 2010, the Stobart Group announced the purchase of 50% of A. W. Jenkinson Biomass Ltd, from A. W. Jenkinson Forest Products, for £30 million, as an equal mix of cash and shares. A. W. Jenkinson Biomass Ltd was then renamed Stobart Biomass Products Ltd. Stobart Biomass transports sustainable wood products for use in low-carbon emission power plants, producing electricity at both large- and small-scale power plants, including for export. The Stobart Group also announced it was buying the remaining 50% of Stobart Biomass Products it did not already own for £20 million. On 25 April 2022, the name of the business was changed from Stobart Energy to Esken Renewables.

In March 2023, it was reported Esken had begun the process of selling Esken Renewables.

title: Esken


text:
Coleg Meirion-Dwyfor

 * abbreviated CMD) is a college in Gwynedd, Wales with its main campus in Dolgellau. It serves the areas of Meirionydd and Dwyfor. It has a bilingual language policy and offers the opportunity to study most subjects through the medium of Welsh. Since 1 April 2012, it has been a constituent college of Grŵp Llandrillo Menai.

Coleg Meirion-Dwyfor has three main campuses at Dolgellau in Meirionnydd, Pwllheli in Dwyfor and Glynllifon (for agricultural courses) near Caernarfon. The Dolgellau campus was previously occupied by Dr Williams School.

Notable former pupils include the singer Duffy, who was elected president of the Students' union.

Coleg Meirion-Dwyfor formally merged with Coleg Llandrillo on 1 April 2010; this new college merged with Coleg Menai in 2012 to form Grŵp Llandrillo Menai. The merged organisation is one of the largest further education colleges in the UK, located at twelve campuses across four counties. Although the colleges have merged their management and have a central administration, the Coleg Meirion-Dwyfor campuses retain the Coleg Meirion-Dwyfor name.

title: Coleg Meirion-Dwyfor


text:
Commando Cody: Sky Marshal of the Universe

Commando Cody: Sky Marshal of the Universe (or, informally, Commando Cody) is a 1953 twelve-chapter movie serial from Republic Pictures, which began life as a proposed syndicated television series. It consists of twelve 25-minute sequential episodes directed by Harry Keller, Franklin Adreon, and Fred C. Brannon. It stars Judd Holdren, Aline Towne, Gregory Gaye, William Schallert, Richard Crane, and Craig Kelly.

Originally intended to be broadcast on television as a 12-episode weekly series, Sky Marshall was first released theatrically in 1953 as a 12-chapter weekly serial; it was syndicated to television on NBC in 1955. The Commando Cody character was first introduced in Republic's earlier serial Radar Men from the Moon (1952), with actor George Wallace in the title role. Judd Holdren first played the Commando Cody character in Zombies of the Stratosphere (also 1952), but was renamed Larry Martin for this follow-up serial.

Plot
Dangerous weather and climate changes are ravaging the Earth. Masked super-scientist Commando Cody is approached by the U.S. government to investigate. Among the tools at his disposal are a sonic-powered one-man flying suit with an aerodynamic helmet and a new Cody-designed and built rocket ship.

With his colleagues Joan and Ted (later replaced by Dick), he ascertains the disasters are being caused by space-alien forces led by a mysterious "Ruler" of unknown planetary origins, with occasional help from hired, Earth-born criminals. Warding off various dangers, Cody and his associates are able to methodically close in on the culprits and reveal that The Ruler is from our sister world, Venus.

In the final episode, Cody is able to capture The Ruler and his soldiers on Mercury with the help of the persecuted Mercurians and their queen. This brings a quick end to the Ruler's influence on Venus and a peace treaty soon follows, ending the Venus-Earth conflict.

Cast

 * Judd Holdren as Commando Cody
 * Aline Towne as Joan Gilbert
 * William Schallert as Ted Richards (Chs. 1–3)
 * Richard Crane as Dick Preston (Chs. 4–12)
 * Gregory Gaye as The Ruler
 * Craig Kelly as Commissioner Henderson
 * Peter Brocco as Dr. Varney (Chs. 1–2)
 * Lyle Talbot as Henchman Baylor (Chs. 4,5,6,7,9,10)
 * Mauritz Hugo as Henchman Mason (Chs. 4,5,6,9,10)
 * Joanne Jordan as The Queen of Mercury (Ch. 12)
 * Gloria Pall as The Moon Girl
 * John Crawford
 * Zon Murray
 * Stanley Waxman
 * I. Stanford Jolley
 * Bill Henry
 * Kenneth MacDonald
 * William Fawcett
 * Lane Bradford
 * Denver Pyle
 * Sidney Mason

Release and chapters
The serial was first released theatrically in 1953 with twelve weekly approximately 30-minute chapters:

 * 1) "Enemies of the Universe"
 * 2) "Atomic Peril"
 * 3) "Cosmic Vengeance"
 * 4) "Nightmare Typhoon"
 * 5) "War of the Space Giants"
 * 6) "Destroyers of the Sun"
 * 7) "Robot Monster from Mars"
 * 8) "The Hydrogen Hurricane"
 * 9) "Solar Sky Raiders"
 * 10) "S.O.S. Ice Age"
 * 11) "Lost in Outer Space"
 * 12) "Captives of the Zero Hour"

The serial was later syndicated to television in 1955 by Republic's TV arm Hollywood Television Service, airing on NBC stations. The original chapters were filmed with a running-time of 25 minutes each, before commercials, requiring no further editing for a half-hour television slot of that era.

Production
While Commando Cody was originally filmed as a twelve-part TV series, union contract issues forced Republic to first exhibit them in theaters as a 12-part weekly movie serial. The TV episodes actually built on each other in chronological order, lacking the traditional cliffhanger endings that characterized theatrical serials, which has resulted in its being omitted altogether from many reference works on film serials.

Sky Marshal was meant as a prequel to Republic's Radar Men from the Moon movie serial. The first chapter has characters Joan and Ted, Commando Cody's established sidekicks in Radar Men, applying for their jobs and meeting Cody for the first time.

There was a substantial break between filming the first three TV episodes and the last nine, during which time Republic set about filming another Cody movie serial called Zombies of the Stratosphere. It starred Judd Holdren as Cody, Aline Towne as Joan, and Wilson Wood as Ted. For reasons unknown, however, the Republic revised the principal characters' names, and "Commando Cody" became "Larry Martin".

The third TV episode ends with the apparent death of The Ruler, suggesting that Republic may have reconsidered filming the remaining nine and just edit the three it had already completed into a 75-minute science fiction feature film.

By the time filming finally resumed on the Sky Marshal TV series, Republic had lost actor William Schallert as Cody's male colleague "Ted Richards" (played by William Bakewell in Radar Men). A replacement was found in Richard Crane, a year before his best-remembered role starring as the title character on the science fiction TV series Rocky Jones, Space Ranger. The Ruler also gained a female sidekick, played by Gloria Pall, though she had almost no dialog or action scenes.

Flying jacket and helmet
Commando Cody reuses the "rocket man" flying jacket and helmet costume, first seen in Republic's serial King of the Rocket Men (1949), to which the other Cody serials are not related. Stock footage was also reused from their other serials, including The Purple Monster Strikes. The Sky Marshal series also recycles characters, sets, props, and concepts from the Radar Men serial. Two streamlined, bullet-shaped prop helmets were reused again with the "rocket man" costume. The first was made of lighter weight materials and worn only during the various stunt action scenes; during filming, the single-hinged visors on both frequently warped and would stick open or closed.

When not in his flying jacket and helmet, Cody wears a black military tunic with many insignia and a cap, instead of the regular business suit seen in Radar Men. Cody also wears a black domino mask to hide his real identity. Holdren always suspected this was due to the producers not wanting to take a chance that he might walk out if any future demands for a higher salary were not met, as Clayton Moore had done on the popular The Lone Ranger TV series. The mask presumably served to conceal any change of actor, should the part ever need recasting, although disguising the change of lead with a domino mask had not worked well in the case of the Lone Ranger series.

Setting
As the story opens, it is the near future as seen from the perspective of the early 1950s. Earth is in radio contact with civilizations on planets in our solar system, as well as planets in other, distant solar systems, and Commando Cody has just built the world's first spaceship. The rest of the world appears unchanged by these galactic developments. (The exterior of Cody's headquarters building is actually a Republic Pictures office building.) A mysterious despot, known only as "The Ruler", his base planet even being unknown, is trying to take over the Earth with various disastrous devices. Cody is enlisted by the American government to put an end to the trouble, which takes him into the stratosphere, into outer space, and even to other worlds. The Ruler is finally brought down on Mercury, with the aid of the Mercurian Queen and her soldiers.

For the series, a number of new outer space scenes were filmed that had not been seen before in the Republic serials, including "space walks" for several exterior spaceship repairs; aerial raygun duels between "hero" and "enemy" spaceships and black star fields (rather than daylight and cloud-spotted skies) for backgrounds, when Cody's or the Ruler's spaceships were shown outside the Earth's atmosphere.

Cody and his associates use special badges that conceal radios to communicate with one another, prefiguring similar communication badges used more than 30 years later in Star Trek: The Next Generation. There were futuristic props and sets, as well as shots of the intricate model-rocket special effects work of Republic's Howard and Theodore Lydecker; the spaceships of Cody and The Ruler were the same basic shooting miniature with different attachments and markings added to make them appear different.

"Rocket man" themed theatrical movie serials in release order

 * King of the Rocket Men
 * Radar Men from the Moon
 * Commando Cody
 * Zombies of the Stratosphere

Television series or film serial?
The release of Commando Cody as a weekly theatrical serial, because it had been originally filmed as a TV series, led to controversy among serial purists: Should it be included in Republic's canon of film serials, or should it be considered as a different animal, a TV series? The resolution to this question was historically resolved on the basis that the episodes did not end with traditional film-serial cliffhanger endings, but rather found all the protagonists together and safe from whatever menace they had faced during the episode. This resolution, however, ignored the facts that a single conflict existed throughout all the episodes between the protagonists and the chief antagonist, the Ruler; that his overall motivations and ability to menace were never abated until the final episode; that most episodes included a reference to the preceding episode's adventure and would not make sense if seen in anything other but sequential order and in the totality of the 12 chapters; and that, in its origins in literature, a serial's episodes did not usually have, much less require, a protagonist-in-mortal-peril cliffhanger ending to justify being categorized as serials, and this was also true of the earliest film serials, such as The Hazards of Helen.

Reference works on movie serials, however, generally exclude the serial version of Sky Marshal, or simply mention it in passing as a later Republic TV series.

Home media
Commando Cody: Sky Marshal of the Universe, the 1955 syndicated TV series, has been available for decades on all manner of Home Video formats, and was the first of the "rocket man" adventures to be released on Blu-Ray from Olive Films on September 13, 2016.


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Šiauliai municipality

Šiauliai municipality can refer to either of these two municipalities in Lithuania:

 * Šiauliai city municipality
 * Šiauliai district municipality

title: Šiauliai municipality


title: User:49TL/Kindness