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USS Finch (DE-328)

USS Finch (DE-328) was an Edsall-class destroyer escort in the service of the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946 and from 1956 to 1969. From 1951 to 1954, she was loaned to the United States Coast Guard where she served as USCGC Finch (WDE-428). She was scrapped in 1974.

Namesake
Joseph Warren Finch Jr. was born on 8 March 1920 in Chicago, Illinois. He was appointed Ensign in the United States Naval Reserve on 28 May 1941. He was killed in action in the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, 13 November 1942, when his ship USS Laffey (DD-459) was sunk. Lieutenant (junior grade) Finch shared posthumously in the Presidential Unit Citation awarded to the Laffey for its outstanding performance in action against the Japanese in the Southwest Pacific from 15 September until its loss.

History
Finch was first launched on 28 August 1943 at Orange, Texas, as DE-328; sponsored by Miss Grace Cushing, fiancée of Lieutenant Finch. She was commissioned three times. The ship was first commissioned on 13 December 1943, taking on its 182-man crew.

World War II
Finch arrived at Curaçao on 7 March 1944, and escorted two oil tanker convoys to Casablanca and Algiers until 31 May. After training in the Caribbean and in Casco Bay, she departed from Norfolk on 28 July. Finch escorted shipping to Naples for Operation Dragoon, the Allied invasion of southern France. She returned to New York City on 31 August. The ship escorted five convoys from New York and Boston to Great Britain between 29 September 1944 and 8 May 1945.

After the end of the war in the European theatre, Finch was transferred to the Pacific Fleet, arriving at Pearl Harbor on 12 July. She continued to Guam, becoming part of a carrier task force there on 13 August. Japan surrendered two days later, and Finch sailed to Leyte on 17 August. She participated in occupation duties, which included the evacuation of Allied prisoners of war in Korea to Formosa during September 1945.

During her operation from 28 August 1943 until 6 March 1947, Finch entered 63 ports from the eastern and western ports of the USA through the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Pacific Ocean. Finch participated in 18 convoys as an escort for a variety of naval and commercial ships. Finch entered drydock at Green Cove Springs, Florida, on 4 October 1946 but was not finally decommissioned until 6 March 1947.

Korean War
From 24 August 1951 to 23 April 1954, Finch was on loan to the United States Coast Guard and in commission as USCGC Finch (WDE-428). She served on weather station duty along the west coast and in the Far East during the Korean War.

Cold War
Upon her return to the U.S. Navy, she was converted to a radar picket escort vessel. She was reclassified DER-328 on 17 August 1956, and recommissioned 17 August 1956. Seattle was Finch's home port from 17 December 1956 through 10 September 1958, as she made regular patrols on seaborne radar early warning duty. She arrived at Pearl Harbor 16 September 1958 for similar duty until 16 May 1960, then sailed for San Francisco, her home port for barrier operations through 1962.

In the 1969 movie Tora! Tora! Tora!, the ship was used to portray the USS Ward.

Decommissioning and fate
On 3 October 1969, Finch was decommissioned at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. She was stricken 1 February 1974, and sold for scrap 16 August 1974.

title: USS Finch (DE-328)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Synthesizer programmer

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. -Doc (?) 23:19, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Synthesizer programmer
Software-cruft —Wahoofive (talk) 04:49, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Stubby perhaps, but certainly not cruft. Valid profession in video game music. See Special:Whatlinkshere/Synthesizer_programmer. - Mgm|(talk) 09:15, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Category:Communications in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines


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Of counsel

Of counsel is the title of an attorney in the legal profession of the United States who often has a relationship with a law firm or an organization but is neither an associate nor partner. Some firms use titles such as "counsel", "special counsel", and "senior counsel" for the same concept. According to American Bar Association Formal Opinion 90-357, the term "of counsel" is used to describe a "close, personal, continuous, and regular relationship" between the firm and counsel lawyer. In large law firms, the title generally denotes a lawyer with the experience of a partner, but who does not carry the same workload or business development responsibility.

American Bar Association definitions
Formal Opinion 90-357 of the American Bar Association provides four acceptable definitions of the term:

 * A part-time practitioner who practices law in association with a firm, but on a basis different from that of the mainstream lawyers in the firm. Such part-time practitioners are sometimes lawyers who have decided to change from a full-time practice, either with that firm or with another, to a part-time one, or who have changed careers entirely, as for example former judges or government officials, or attorneys who transition from corporate/in-house practice to law firm practice.
 * A retired partner of a firm who, although not actively practicing law, nonetheless remains associated with it and available for occasional consultation
 * A lawyer who is, in effect, a probationary partner-to-be, usually brought in laterally with the expectation of becoming partner after a relatively short period of time
 * A permanent status in between associate and partner, having the quality of tenure, or something close to it, but lacking an expectation of likely promotion to partner status

Typical situations
The title may be used in a number of situations, including:

 * Lawyers who have useful experience for a firm, such as speciality in niche cases, but do not generate enough business to warrant promotion to partnership
 * Senior lawyers seeking relatively low working hours, billable hours and revenue generation requirements
 * Lawyers transitioning from corporate or government roles

Other uses
Some firms also use the term to refer to attorneys hired on a temporary basis to assist with a particular case. However, because "of counsel" describes "a close, regular, personal relationship", temporary lawyers used by law firms to engage in document reviews for a specific project or for limited duration are not "of counsel".

Compensation
The average annual base salary for "of counsel" or "special counsel" in the United States between 2003 and 2009 was US$216,019 (with salary varying depending on size/reputation of the firm, its location, and the attorney’s experience). At highly prestigious law firms, an "of counsel" or "special counsel" may make as much as US$375,000 per year.

title: Of counsel


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wikipedia Reliability

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy deleted as nonsense. - Mgm|(talk) 09:13, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia Reliability
Joke of some sort, has a confusing, borderline nonsense earlier edit but now is just attracting vandals W.marsh 04:49, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this should have been speedy as nonsense. CambridgeBayWeather 04:53, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete what the hell goons Liface 06:16, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy. Nonsense. ♠DanMS 06:17, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nonsense. Cnwb 06:40, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Foot–strut split

Three-way split of love, grove, prove is hence due to spelling ambiguity, not sound change: This sentence is too obscure for non-linguists to read. I think I understand what it's trying to say; but it should be rewritten by somebody more expert than I. Doops | talk 17:35, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It probably doesn't help that it doesn't really have anything to do with the topic of this page. It probably belongs on English spelling - does anyone disagree? --JHJ 16:41, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I've moved it to English spelling. It could probably do with further editing, though.--JHJ 16:43, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Requested Move
The phenomenon is much more commonly known as the foot-strut split, so I think the title of the article should be that name. —Felix the Cassowary ( ɑe hɪː jɐ ) 04:50, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree, although I wouldn't be opposed to incorporating it back into History of the English language either. I don't see any pressing need for this to be an independent article. --Angr/undefined 05:22, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I disagree, the name foot-strut split is misleading in suggesting that the word foot had the same vowel as in put at the time that the split occurred, which it didn't. The word foot did not participate in the split, so put-strut split is a better name. 64.200.124.189 12:48, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Do we know that? How do we know when the shortening of /u:/ to /U/ happened in foot? The shortening could have happened as early as it did in blood and flood, but then stayed /U/ rather than unrounding to /V/ because the preceding consonant is labial. --Angr/undefined 13:56, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, perhaps it did then. 64.200.124.189 14:07, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Decision
Move completed. Ryan Norton T 11:27, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Foot–strut split


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Masallı

Masally (Masallı, ) is a city in and the capital of the Masally District of Azerbaijan.

History
Masally city was established in 1960. The name of the city comes from the name of a tribe – "Masal" that lived in the territory of Masally in ancient times.

Population
According to the statistics of 2009, the total number of Masally city was 8867, of which 4469 (50.4%) were men and 4398 (49.6%) were women.

Territory
By the decree of the president on "Changes to administrative units of Masally District" dated on 15 March 2013, Gigah, Dadva, Seybatin, Isgandarli villages of Masally city were removed from the State register of territorial units of Azerbaijan.

Historical monuments
There are approximately 208 historical, archeological, and architectural monuments in Masally.

Court
Masally District's Court is situated in Masally city. The initial name of the court was Masally District People's Court.

title: Masallı


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Neftçala

Neftchala (Neftçala) is a city and the capital of the Neftchala District of Azerbaijan.

Etymology
The city name is of Persian ("naft" meaning oil or petroleum) and Azerbaijani ("çala" meaning trench) origin, meaning oil trench.

History
Throughout its history, Neftçala has suffered from floods because of its proximity to the river and most of the town's relatively low elevation.

Today, there are a palace of culture, regional study museum and gallery museum in the city.

Geography
The city lies southwest of the delta of the Kura River. It is a lowland district.

Demographics
Population (2010):Total 20,510

Economy
People are mainly employed in manufacturing, fish industry, transportation and service sectors. The largest employer operating in Neftcala, Neftcala Industrial Park which includes "Khazar Automobile Plant" by AzerMash.

Sports
The city has one professional football team, Neftchala, which has competed in the second-flight of Azerbaijani football, the Azerbaijan First Division, but the team is eliminated after 2 years of championship in the Azerbaijan First Division and not getting the license for competing in the Azerbaijan Premier League.

Public transport
Neftchala has a large urban transport system, mostly managed by the Ministry of Transportation.

Notable residents
Some of the city's many prestigious residents include: singer Anatollu Ganiyev and World War II hero Aghashirin Jafarov.

title: Neftçala


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Oğuz (city)

Oğuz is a city, municipality and the capital of the Oghuz District of Azerbaijan. The village was populated by Armenians and Udis before the exodus of Armenians from Azerbaijan after the outbreak of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

Etymology
Before 1991 the town was called Vartashen (Վարդաշեն), which means town of roses in Armenian; 'Vard' meaning rose and 'shen' meaning town or village. This is in reference to the abundance of roses that naturally grow in this place. A colophon on Armenian manuscript dating to 1466 suggests possibly earlier bilingual variants of the name: Giwlstan (Գիւլստան), and Vardud (Վարդուդ).

The town was renamed to Oghuz in 1991 during the expulsion of the Armenian and autochthonous Udi-speaking population. The name Oghuz, given to the town in 1991, was taken from the old Turkic tribe of Oghuz.

Population
Until 1991, Vartashen was mainly a Udi village, where the Vartashen dialect of the Udi language was spoken by about 3000 people in the 1980s. The Udis of Vartashen belonged to the Armenian and Gregorian Church and had Armenian surnames.

During the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, most Udis of the town were expelled by the local activists of Popular Front of Azerbaijan. The Udis, bearing Armenian names and belonging to both the Armenian and the Gregorian Church, had been viewed as Armenians and hence suffered the same fate as other Armenians in Azerbaijan. Some 50 Udi people remained in the town.

There were also Tat-speaking Mountain Jews in Vartashen. Most of them have emigrated to Israel, but possibly 80 have stayed.

Twin towns — sister cities
Oghuz is twinned with:
 * 🇸🇮 Nova Gorica, Slovenia

title: Oğuz (city)


text:
Maeda clan

Maeda clan (前田氏) was a Japanese samurai clan who occupied most of the Hokuriku region of central Honshū from the end of the Sengoku period through the Meiji Restoration of 1868. The Maeda claimed descent from the Sugawara clan through Sugawara no Kiyotomo and Sugawara no Michizane in the eighth and ninth centuries; however, the line of descent is uncertain. The Maeda rose to prominence as daimyō of Kaga Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate, which was second only to the Tokugawa clan in kokudaka (land value).

Origins
"Maeda" is a place name in Kaitō District of western Owari Province, and was the seat of the senior branch of the Maeda clan in the Azuchi-Momoyama period. Maeda Nagatane (1550-1631) entered into the service of Maeda Toshiie, and his descendants became hereditary retainers of the Maeda clan of Kaga Domain. This branch received the kazoku peerage title of danshaku (baron) after the Meiji restoration.

A cadet branch of the Owari Maeda were given the castle of Arako in what is now part of Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya. Maeda Toshimasa (d.1560) entered the service of Oda Nobuhide, who nominally ruled Owari Province from his seat at Kiyosu Castle. His son, Maeda Toshihisa (d.1587) also served the Oda clan, and was ordered to retire in favour of his brother, Maeda Toshiie.

Another notable member of the family was Maeda Toshimasu, commonly known as Maeda Keiji. Though he was biologically the son of Takigawa Kazumasu, he was adopted by Maeda Toshihisa, the older brother of Maeda Toshiie. He was recognized as a renowned warrior. According to legend, he broke the front line of the Mogami clan leading a group of just eight riders during a battle in which he fought for the Uesugi clan.

Sengoku and Edo period
Maeda Toshiie was one of the leading generals under Oda Nobunaga. He began his career as a page, rising through the ranks a member of the akahoro-shū (赤母衣衆), under Nobunaga's personal command and later became an infantry captain (ashigaru taishō 足軽大将). From his youth, he was a close confidant of Nobunaga and a friend of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. After defeating the Asakura clan, he fought under Shibata Katsuie in the Hokuriku region in the suppression of the Ikkō-ikki, and participated in the 1570 Battle of Anegawa and the 1577 Battle of Tedorigawa. He was eventually granted the fief of Fuchu in Etchū Province (30,000 koku), and in 1581 was given Noto Province (230,000 koku), to which he added his other territories in Kaga Province to form Kaga Domain. After Nobunaga's death, he pledged fealty to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and his territories were expanded to cover all of the three provinces of Noto, Kaga and Etchū, with a kokudaka of well over a million koku. Toshiie divided his fief among his sons. His eldest son Maeda Toshinaga participated in the Battle of Sekigahara and built Kanazawa Castle; he also was recognised as daimyō of Kaga Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate.

The Maeda clan attempted to maintain good relations with the Tokugawa clan through marriage ties, and, although a tozama clan, were permitted to use the "Matsudaira" name as an honorific patronym. The Maeda clan continued to rule Kaga Domain from their headquarters in Kanazawa from 1583 until the Meiji restoration in 1868. Maeda Toshitsune established two cadet branches of the clan at Toyama and Daishōji. Another cadet branch of the clan was established by Maeda Toshitaka, the fifth son of Maeda Toshiie, at Nanokaichi Domain in Kōzuke Province. All of these cadet branches also continued to be ruled by the Maeda clan until the Meiji restoration. However, the Maeda clan was often beset by O-Ie Sōdō incidents, and many of the clan heads died young, or without heir. The clan did not play a prominent role in the Meiji restoration. After the start of the Meiji period, the former heads of the various branches of the Maeda clan were made peers under the kazoku peerage system.

Owari-Arako

 * 1) Maeda Toshitaka
 * 2) Maeda Toshimasa
 * 3) Maeda Toshihisa (d.1587)
 * 4) Maeda Toshiie
 * 5) Maeda Hidetsugu (d. 1586)

Mino

 * 1) Maeda Nagatane (1550-1631)
 * 2) Maeda Naotomo (1586-1630)
 * 3) Maeda Naomasa (1605-1631)
 * 4) Maeda Takasada (1628-1707)
 * 5) Maeda Takayuki (1663-1721)
 * 6) Maeda Takasuke (1683-1753)
 * 7) Maeda Takamasa (1723-1777)
 * 8) Maeda Takatomo (1759-1832)
 * 9) Maeda Takamoto (1808-1856)
 * 10) Maeda Takanaka (1840-1857)
 * 11) Maeda Takanori (1847-1888)
 * 12) Maeda Ko
 * 13) Maeda Takayuki
 * 14) Maeda Takaya

Kaga

 * 1) Maeda Toshitaka
 * 2) Maeda Toshimasa
 * 3) Maeda Toshiie
 * 4) Maeda Toshinaga
 * 5) Maeda Toshitsune
 * 6) Maeda Mitsutaka
 * 7) Maeda Tsunanori
 * 8) Maeda Yoshinori
 * 9) Maeda Munetoki
 * 10) Maeda Shigehiro
 * 11) Maeda Shigenobu
 * 12) Maeda Shigemichi
 * 13) Maeda Harunaga
 * 14) Maeda Narinaga
 * 15) Maeda Nariyasu
 * 16) Maeda Yoshiyasu
 * 17) Maeda Toshitsugu (1858-1900)
 * 18) Toshinari Maeda (1885-1942)
 * 19) Toshitatsu Maeda (1908-1989)
 * 20) Toshiyasu Maeda (b.1935)
 * 21) Toshinori Maeda (b.1963, Heir)
 * 22) Toshiyuki Maeda (2nd generation heir)
 * 23) Toshiyoshi Maeda (President-elect, President and CEO of Inoda Coffee)

Toyama

 * 1) Maeda Toshitsugu (1617 – 1674)
 * 2) Maeda Masatoshi (1649 – 1706)
 * 3) Maeda Toshioki (1678 – 1733)
 * 4) Maeda Toshitaka (1690 – 1745)
 * 5) Maeda Toshiyuki (1730 – 1762)
 * 6) Maeda Toshitomo (1737 – 1794)
 * 7) Maeda Toshihisa (1762 – 1787)
 * 8) Maeda Toshinori (1768 – 1801)
 * 9) Maeda Toshitsuyo (1772 – 1836)
 * 10) Maeda Toshiyasu (1800-1859)
 * 11) Maeda Toshitomo (1834 – 1854)
 * 12) Maeda Toshikata (1835 – 1904)
 * 13) Maeda Toshiatsu (1856 – 1921)
 * 14) Maeda Toshio (1886 – 1966)
 * 15) Maeda Toshinobu
 * 16) Maeda Akitoshi

Daishoji

 * 1) Maeda Toshiharu (1618 – 1660)
 * 2) Maeda Toshiaki I (1638 – 1692)
 * 3) Maeda Toshinao (1672 – 1711)
 * 4) Maeda Toshiakira (1691 – 1737)
 * 5) Maeda Toshimichi I (1733 – 1781)
 * 6) Maeda Toshiaki II (1758 – 1791)
 * 7) Maeda Toshitane (1760 – 1788)
 * 8) Maeda Toshiyasu (1779 – 1806)
 * 9) Maeda Toshikore (1785 – 1837)
 * 10) Maeda Toshinaka (1812 – 1838)
 * 11) Maeda Toshihira (1824 – 1849)
 * 12) Maeda Toshinori (1833 – 1855)
 * 13) Maeda Toshimichi II (1835 – 1855)
 * 14) Maeda Toshika (1841 – 1920)
 * 15) Maeda Toshimitsu (1905-?)
 * 16) Maeda Toshihiro (b.1929)

Daishōjishinden

 * 1) Maeda Toshimasa (Toshiharu) (1684-1709)

Nanokaichi

 * 1) Maeda Toshitaka
 * 2) Maeda Toshimoto (1625-1685)
 * 3) Maeda Toshihiro (1645-1693)
 * 4) Maeda Toshiyoshi (1670-1695)
 * 5) Maeda Toshifuda (1689-1708)
 * 6) Maeda Toshitada (1699-1756)
 * 7) Maeda Toshihisa (1762 – 1787)
 * 8) Maeda Toshiakira (1691 – 1737)
 * 9) Maeda Toshimochi (1768-1828)
 * 10) Maeda Toshiyoshi (1791-1839)
 * 11) Maeda Toshiakira (1823-1877)
 * 12) Maeda Toshikaki (1850-1896)
 * 13) Maeda Toshisada
 * 14) Maeda Toshitami
 * 15) Maeda Fumisada

Others notables figures

 * Maeda Matsu
 * Maeda Toshimasa (1578)
 * Maeda Chiyo
 * Gōhime

title: Maeda clan


text:
Sicilian octave

The Sicilian octave (Italian: ottava siciliana) is a verse form consisting of eight lines of eleven syllables each, called a hendecasyllable. The form is common in late medieval Italian poetry. In English poetry, iambic pentameter is often used instead of syllabics. The form has a prescribed rhyme scheme (ABABABAB). Although only the final two rhymes are different from the much more common ottava rima, the two eight-line forms evolved completely separately. According to the Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, scholars disagree on the origin of the Sicilian octave, but all agree that it is related to the development of the first eight lines of the sonnet (called the octave). It is not clear whether the octave emerged first and influenced the sonnet or vice versa.

The form is a variant of the strambotto, which is one of the earliest verse forms in the Italian language. The strambotto was used in Sicily and Tuscany, and consisted of either six or eight hendecasyllables. The rhyme scheme varied, but the Tuscan form generally did not use the Sicilian octave scheme; the most common was ABABCCDD.

The Sicilian octave is rare in Italian after the Renaissance and has seldom been used in English except as an illustration of the form. Before the 15th century, however, it was used often by poets in southern Italy, and was an important influence for Petrarch in his sonnets. Boccaccio, who popularized and may have invented the unrelated ottava rima, used the Sicilian octave a total of once, in his early romance Filocolo. The epitaph of Giulia Topazia is a Sicilian octave:

title: Sicilian octave


text:
User talk:Kenny28004

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

--JAranda'' | yeah 04:52, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kenny28004


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Qazax

Qazax (Gazakh; ) is a city in and the capital of the Gazakh District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 20,900. Gazakh is a city and administrative district in the west of Azerbaijan, the "western gate" of Azerbaijan.

Early history
In the 17–18th century, Gazakh was the capital of the Kazakh Sultanate. During the Russian Empire, the city was the administrative center of the Kazakh uezd of the Elizavetpol Governorate. It is situated 10 km from the Aghstafa station of the Transcaucasus Railway.

Conflicts and disputes with Armenia
From 1905 to 1906, during the Armenian–Tatar massacres, many Armenian homes were burned and looted by Tatars (later known as Azerbaijanis), as well as the Armenian school and church. Many Armenian inhabitants as a result fled to Tbilisi and other nearby Armenian-populated areas.

From an Armenian perspective, these territories were historical Armenian provinces—which had been, factually, incorporated in various Armenian states—and therefore, the Gazakh region was initially contested between the Armenian and Azerbaijani SSRs. The Armenian name for the city is Ghazakh (Ղազախ), and it is based on the Azerbaijani name itself. Another Armenian name is Koght (Կողթ).

When the South Caucasus came under British occupation, Sir John Oliver Wardrop, British Chief Commissioner in the South Caucasus, decided that assigning the Erivan Governorate and the Kars Oblast to Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA) and the Elisabethpol and Baku Governorates to the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) would solve the region's outstanding disputes. However, this proposal was rejected by both Armenians (who did not wish to give up their claims to Gazakh, Syunik, and Nagorno-Karabakh) and Azerbaijanis (who did not wish to give up their claims to Nakhchivan). As conflict broke out between the two groups, the British left the region in mid-1919.

In 1930, Gazakh became the administrative center of Azerbaijan's Gazakh District. The area has major strategic importance for modern-day Azerbaijan-Georgia-Turkey regional communication and energy projects.

Modern history
During the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Armenian troops took control of several villages of the Gazakh district. Several Azerbaijani inhabitants were killed during the war whilst others were able to flee.

In July 2020, Gazakh became a site for clashes with Armenia.

Demographics
According to the 1897 Russian Empire census, Gazakh had a population of 1,769—the linguistic composition was as follows: 802 (45.3%) Armenian, 601 (34.0%) Tatar (later known as Azerbaijani), 251 Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian, 60 (3.4%) Georgian, 19 (1.1%) Greek, 11 (0.6%) Polish, and 23 (1.3%) other language speakers.

According to the Caucasian Calendar, the population of the city in 1907 was 732 people, primarily Armenians with Tatars (later known as Azerbaijanis) as a minority, and by 1910, the population was 1,050 people. According to the 1912 publication, the city had an Armenian plurality.

According to the 1926 census of the USSR, 6,767 people lived in the city.

In 1970, the city was home to about 13,000 people, in 1991, that number was about 19,300 people.

By 2013, there were about 21,000 people living in Gazakh (10,200 men and 10,800 women).

The main occupations of the population are carpet making and horse breeding (specifically the Deliboz breed).

The total population of the district is 98932 people as of 01.01.2021

Economy
The economy of Gazakh is partially agricultural, partially tourism-based, with some industries in operation. The Gazakh Cement Plant is served by a railway branch off the BTK railway at Aghstafa.

Location
Gazakh region is located in the west of Azerbaijan. It borders with Georgia for 9 km and with Armenia for 168 km.

Gazakh region is located in the western part of the republic, in the western part of the vast Ganja-Gazakh plain, which starts from the slopes of the mountain range of the Lesser Caucasus and extends along the right bank of the Kura river. The highest elevation is "Odun" mountain (1316 meters). Its nature is mainly plain, the southern part is low mountainous.

Culture
A memorial museum dedicated to Molla Panah Vagif and Molla Vali Vidadi is located in the city.

Sports
The city has one professional football team, Goyazan Gazakh, currently competing in the second-flight of Azerbaijani football, the Azerbaijan First Division.

Public transport
Gazakh has a large urban transport system, mostly managed by the Ministry of Transportation.

Notable natives
Some of the city's many prestigious residents include: poets Samad Vurgun, Molla Panah Vagif, Mirvarid Dilbazi and Nusrat Kasamanli, scholar Molla Vali Vidadi, lieutenant-general of the Russian imperial army Ali-Agha Shikhlinski, writer Ismayil Shykhly and wrestler Hasan Aliyev.

title: Qazax


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Matiatia

Matiatia is a location at the western end of Waiheke Island, in New Zealand's Hauraki Gulf. The name is used for both a valley and its surrounding hills, with the valley stretching down to a foreshore and wharf on the gulf. Matiatia is known as "The Gateway to Waiheke Island".

The Māori language name mātiatia is shared with a type of beach grass, now rare, which was known to grow at the gateway.

title: Matiatia


text:
User talk:ScottMoonen

I was about to nominate your old user page redirect from the main namespace to your user page for deletion when I noticed it had edit history. Should you want to keep it, I've moved it to User:ScottMoonen/OldUserPage. --fvw *  04:53, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It's now been history-merged with User:ScottMoonen, so both the old and new edit history is there. – Gurch 23:57, 6 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually Scott has no history of contributions so his edit history is gone. Liz  Read! Talk! 17:32, 8 October 2013 (UTC)

You are one of the oldest Wikipedia pages. Thank you for all of your contributions. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ImhotepBallZ (talk • contribs) 23:22, 5 November 2011 (UTC)

Oldie
First named user eh?

Teodan511 (talk) 01:49, 21 June 2015 (UTC)

 * I do hope he decides to return lol. I bet he doesn't even know he's the first Huritisho (talk) 20:02, 27 September 2015 (UTC)

Congrats
Hi! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.85.39.6 (talk) 05:57, 24 October 2017 (UTC)

A goat for you!
luv u bb

Bigmilkman (talk) 00:33, 8 April 2018 (UTC)

Momentum
You're right Scott, it is proving hard to get momentum going on this project. Time will tell I guess! :P Fenix down (talk) 15:44, 23 October 2018 (UTC)

Potato
Do you like potatoes? Just wondering :3 Anonymous 7481 (talk) 19:46, 17 May 2019 (UTC)

 * Potato paradox 66.165.1.180 (talk) 00:13, 9 April 2022 (UTC)

Interesting
Will the new and super powerful quantum computers be able to unravel what happened to our dear and beloved user? Only time will tell.

The Nicollas (talk) 07:01, 14 February 2020 (UTC)

Hi
How long has it been? I do wonder if this guy is just sitting back and reading this. Lettherebedarklight (talk) 13:27, 19 October 2020 (UTC)

Hello — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.8.72.8 (talk) 18:17, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

A kitten for you!
great !

THE BEATLES X (talk) 08:29, 19 December 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:ScottMoonen


text:
User talk:Yume149~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Thatdog (Talk) 04:54, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Yume149. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Yume149~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:31, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:47, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yume149~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sludge metal

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. H e rmione1980 19:43, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Sludge metal
Another imaginary music genre. What is it about metal fans that they all think they have to invent new style names every five minutes? As usual, none of the bands listed are described using this term on their own article pages. —Wahoofive (talk) 04:55, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Actually this is a genre I've heard of and I'm pretty sure is notable (even if the music is as bad as the genre name suggests)... and AMG has too, lists bands as sludge metal and has a page for the genre. See Crowbar and Down for two sludge metal bands.  Both have articles on WP: Crowbar (U.S. band) and Down (band).  Article could use some work but isn't terrible. --W.marsh 05:06, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep - although I'm not sure about The Melvins. Grunge, punk or sludge metal? --MacRusgail 13:26, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - This genre wasn't just invented 5 minutes ago, it's been around since at least the early '90s. Also, if you've listened to the ones that just say "heavy metal", it's pretty obvious they're not actually the original heavy metal. - Dysfunktion 16:08, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep As per W.marsh. KeithD (talk) 18:46, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per W.marsh Jessamyn 19:17, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Sludge metal is a significant and relatively oft-referred to genre, although it is somewhat "narrow" compared to other metal genres. This article should definitely be kept.  Night 07:19, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
NFL Sunday Ticket

NFL Sunday Ticket is an out-of-market sports package that broadcasts National Football League (NFL) regular season games unavailable on local affiliates. It carries all the regional Sunday afternoon games produced by Fox and CBS. The ideal customer of this package is presumed (based on advertisements) to be a fan of a team who is unable to see their team on local television because they do not reside in one of that team's markets, or sports bars who want to increase business by attracting fans of out of market teams. Beginning with the 2023 NFL season, for residential customers in the United States, NFL Sunday Ticket moved exclusively to YouTube TV, as well as to YouTube's recently-launched Primetime Channels service as a standalone subscription option. The league then formed a new company called EverPass Media to distribute the package to bars, restaurants, and other commercial venues. From 1994 to 2023, the package was distributed in the United States exclusively by DirecTV & NFLUHD (which also offered it on the Internet, on certain tablets and smartphones, and JetBlue flights).

NFL Sunday Ticket is also currently offered in Canada on streaming service DAZN, in Mexico and Central America on Sky México, in South America and the Caribbean on Vrio, and several cable providers in The Bahamas and Bermuda.

United States
Satellite TV provider DirecTV had exclusive rights to the NFL Sunday Ticket package in the United States until the end of the 2022 NFL season. Although other satellite and cable providers supposedly were allowed to bid on the rights to carry NFL Sunday Ticket if they agreed to carry the NFL Network, DirecTV decided to extend their contract beyond 2014 by paying the NFL $1.5 billion per year for the next eight years. Reaching the deal was also a condition of AT&T's 2015 acquisition of DirecTV. As of the 2015 season, the service was available through an online-only subscription exclusively for those who are unable to use DirecTV services. Beginning with the 2023 NFL season, NFL Sunday Ticket moved exclusively to YouTube TV for residential customers.

NFL Sunday Ticket viewers do not count towards local Nielsen ratings. Thus, offering NFL Sunday Ticket on cable cost CBS and Fox affiliates millions of dollars in lost revenue from local commercial breaks (as opposed to national ads sold by the networks). In turn, affiliates help subsidize the networks' programming costs. Therefore, CBS and Fox have rules in their broadcasting contracts that mandate that NFL Sunday Ticket subscribers must be charged at a premium price.

Blackouts
Sunday afternoon games scheduled to air on the local Fox and CBS affiliates (1998-present) within a viewer's designated media market (determined by the ZIP Code of the viewer's address) are blacked out on the NFL Sunday Ticket feed sent to their receiver. Viewers must watch these games on their local broadcast stations instead. (This applies to live streaming of said games as well.)

Until the end of the 2014 season, if a game the viewer wished to watch was blacked out in their home market because it was not sold out, the game remained blacked out on NFL Sunday Ticket. Games joined or switched away from in progress usually had their blackout status altered immediately. The NFL suspended the local blackout policy for the 2015 NFL regular season, and has since done so indefinitely.

Extra features
Until the end of the 2022 season, DirecTV offered the following extra features. From 2005–09 these features were part of an add-on package called Superfan and cost $100 extra. Beginning in 2012, some of them were part of the NFL Sunday Ticket Max package which cost an extra $100.

From 2009 to 2019, all games were in high definition. The HD games were formerly part of the Superfan package.

Game Mix
This channel showed eight games at once, along with the game's score, time left in the game, and the quarter that the game is in under the game's feed. Starting in 2008, it added a high-definition feed, and in 2011, it added larger cells when four or fewer games are being played.

Red Zone Channel
Hosted by Andrew Siciliano and launched in 2005, the Red Zone Channel offered commercial-free "whiparound" coverage of all games in progress on Sunday afternoons, highlighting key plays (scoring plays, key turnovers, etc.). While nearly identical in format, the DirecTV Red Zone Channel was separate from the NFL RedZone service hosted by Scott Hanson that launched four years later in 2009, which is produced by NFL Network and distributed to other television providers and platforms. The two services co-existed until the 2023 season; the YouTube TV version of Sunday Ticket only carries the NFL RedZone channel.

Fantasy Zone Channel
Originally hosted by Kay Adams, and later by Dan Hellie, the Fantasy Zone Channel offered valuable insights, last-minute roster tips, live updates, top-scoring players on the day, and advice to fantasy players before and after kickoff.

Short Cuts
This two-channel duo recapped every NFL game in 30 minutes or less, including games not available on NFL Sunday Ticket because they were televised locally or blacked out. One channel shows AFC games while the other shows NFC games. These highlights are made available on Sunday nights and are shown continuously until Tuesday morning. From 2012 to 2022, it was only available on the NFL Sunday Ticket Max package.

Highlights on Demand
DirecTV subscribers with interactive DVRs received a three- to four-minute recap of every NFL Sunday Ticket game on demand with this feature, via channel 1005.

NFL.com Fantasy Football TV app
Starting in 2011, the NFL.com Fantasy Football TV app allows NFL.com fantasy players with Internet-connected set-top boxes to view their NFL.com Fantasy Football teams and scores directly on their TV screen.

Computers, tablets and smartphones
NFL Sunday Ticket Max subscribers were able to stream games on the Internet and their smartphones and tablets. Starting in 2009, NFL Sunday Ticket To Go became available to non-DirecTV subscribers who were unable to receive satellite television in their homes or apartments due to line of sight issues, costing $50 more than those with DirecTV service. DirecTV offered NFL Sunday Ticket To Go on Motorola Xoom and Samsung Galaxy tablets; Motorola Android phones; the iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch, BlackBerry OS devices with 3G or wifi, Palm Pre/Pixi, and other Droid-branded phones.

Gaming consoles
For those who did have DirecTV, the NFL also offered the Sunday Ticket package for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 and Xbox One video game consoles.

JetBlue
Between September 26, 2010 and December 29, 2019, DirecTV offered the full slate of NFL Sunday Ticket games on JetBlue flights to 50 destinations across the United States.

EverPass Media
The NFL announced on March 28, 2023, that it had partnered with RedBird Capital to form a new company called EverPass Media to distribute commercial rights to NFL Sunday Ticket, allowing bars, restaurants, casinos, and other commercial venues to continue showing games without reconfiguring their systems to accommodate a streaming-only platform. EverPass then reached its first agreement with DirecTV on May 25, 2023 to sell NFL Sunday Ticket directly to its business customers.

In August 2023, EverPass Media signed a multi-year agreement to distribute commercial rights to Peacock Sports Pass, which delivers limited live sports content from the streaming service Peacock. In July 2024, EverPass Media received an additional investment from Endeavor subsidiary TKO Group Holdings (owner of UFC and WWE), with Mark Shapiro joining its board of directors as a result. EverPass also announced its acquisition of out-of-home media provider UpShow.

History
The concept of NFL Sunday Ticket was largely invented by Jon Taffer during his three-year term on the board of NFL Enterprises, along with NFL Chief of Marketing Michael Miller. NFL Sunday Ticket was launched in 1994 and was initially available on C band and satellites, for which the receiving dishes are larger in size. DirecTV would become involved later in the 1994 season, airing the NFL Sunday Ticket package in the last 5 weeks of the regular season, before beginning to air the package in full the following year. In 1998, the service became available to cable systems in Canada, with the first systems to offer the service being Rogers Cable in Ontario. The exclusivity of Sunday Ticket to cable providers resulted in a complaint from ExpressVu (now Bell Satellite TV) to the CRTC, seeking to force the NFL to open the service to Canadian satellite providers; the CRTC dismissed the complaint.

DirecTV was under contract to carry NFL Sunday Ticket until the end of the 2022 season. The service and its majority owner, AT&T, were on the record as questioning the value of the package with less than half of the subscribers DirecTV would need to break even using Sunday Ticket plus the league adding more games outside the traditional Sunday afternoon windows. On opening weekend of the 2021 season, CNBC reported that the league was interested in partnering with a streaming service for future rights, along with a stake in NFL Network. This would end DirecTV's relationship with the NFL after nearly three decades. In July 2022, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell told CNBC that the league would select a streaming service to host Sunday Ticket, with the winning service being announced that fall. Leading streaming providers Amazon, Apple Inc., and ESPN were all candidates to win the contract. That month, the New York Times reported that YouTube had also submitted a bid for Sunday Ticket. In October, CNBC reported that Apple wanted flexible and unrestricted global streaming rights, something that the NFL cannot offer due its existing deals with CBS and Fox that guarantee exclusivity of local games.

On December 22, 2022, the league announced that NFL Sunday Ticket would move exclusively to YouTube TV and YouTube's recently launched Primetime Channels service for residential customers.

Antitrust lawsuit
In 2015, a class-action lawsuit was filed on behalf of NFL Sunday Ticket subscribers, alleging that the NFL, its member teams, its broadcast partners, and DirecTV engaged in a conspiracy to violate antitrust law, by granting DirecTV exclusive rights to sell the Sunday Ticket product, thereby restricting competition and forcing viewers to pay supercompetitive prices to view out-of-market games.

In June 2024, arguments in the case began in federal court, with the class of plaintiffs covered by the lawsuit having grown to include more than 2.4 million residential and 48,000 commercial subscribers to NFL Sunday Ticket between 2011 and 2023. The suit is seeking $7.1 billion in damages, with potential treble damages amounting to $21 billion. On June 27, a jury in Los Angeles found that the NFL had violated antitrust law in setting the price of the package and ordered a penalty totaling more than $4.7 billion. With triple damages allowed under federal antitrust laws, the NFL could ultimately be liable for $14.39 billion. The league said it would ask the judge to set the verdict aside then appeal the verdict if needed.

International distribution
NFL Sunday Ticket has also been available in Mexico, Latin America, Bermuda, The Bahamas and Canada. In most cases, alternate services like NFL Game Pass International have since replaced NFL Sunday Ticket in international countries and territories, though the service remains available internationally in limited circumstances as discussed below.

Canada
NFL Sunday Ticket was previously available in Canada through most major pay television providers, often in a bundle with other sports packages. In July 2017, it was announced that the streaming service DAZN had acquired the rights to the NFL's out-of-market package beginning in the 2017 NFL season. The games previously available through this service, as well as NFL Game Pass, are bundled with the provider's service in Canada.

However, after DAZN's Canadian launch was met with frequent technical problems and user criticism, DAZN announced that it had begun to offer NFL Sunday Ticket to television providers as an alternative to its over-the-top product.

Mexico and Central America

 * Sky México

South America and Caribbean

 * Vrio

Brazil

 * Vivo TV

Bahamas

 * Cable Bahamas

title: NFL Sunday Ticket


text:
Gennady Troshev

Gennady Nikolayevich Troshev (Геннадий Николаевич Трошев; 14 March 1947 – 14 September 2008) was a Russian colonel general and a former commander of the North Caucasus Military District, including Chechnya, during the Second Chechen War. He was awarded a Hero of Russia award.

Early years
Gennady Troshev was born in 1947 in the East Berlin, in the Soviet occupation zone, the son of a Soviet officer. He spent his childhood in the ethnic Russian community in Grozny in  the Chechen-Ingush Republic.

Military career
In 1969, Troshev graduated from the Kazan Tank College, and later from the Tank Academy and from the Military Academy of the General Staff. After graduating from the tank college in 1969, Troshev served in Soviet tank forces. Troshev served as the commander of the 10th Guards Uralsko-Lvovskaya Tank Division, later - as the commander of the 42nd Army Corps. and as the commander of the joint group of federal forces in Chechnya during the First Chechen War. On 1 June 1995, Troshev was appointed commander of the 58th Army, and since 29 July 1997, he served as the deputy commander of the North Caucasus Military District. In April 2000, Troshev was appointed the commander of the joint group of federal forces in the Northern Caucasus.

During his career as a commander in Chechnya he gained notoriety after advocating public executions of separatist fighters. Human rights activists had accused him of tolerating rampant abuses in the war-ravaged republic. Early in the war he declared that the shattered city of Grozny should never be rebuilt so as to serve as a warning against "treason to Russia's ethnic minorities". He also publicly defended Yuri Budanov, who was on trial for the murder of an 18-year-old Chechen woman, Elza Kungayeva.

Post military career
Troshev publicly defied, on national television, Minister of Defense Sergei Ivanov's suggestion that he should relocate from Chechnya in the North Caucasus Military District to the command of the Siberian Military District. In response, President Vladimir Putin signed a decree dismissing Troshev from his post in 2002.

The Jamestown Foundation, a U.S. policy research organisation that studies Russian military affairs, said Ivanov's order that Troshev relocate to Siberia was "open to multiple and complex interpretations. One theory connects it to a broader reshuffling of personnel as major elections approach in Chechnya (and perhaps in response to the Moscow theater hostage crisis). A second explanation ties it to the stalled process of military-administrative reform."

After his sacking, Troshev was appointed an advisor to the President of the Russian Federation for Cossacks affairs.

Final years and death
From 2000 onwards Trosheva worked as the civil service personnel and promoted a number of important legislative papers.

Troshev died on 14 September 2008. He was a passenger aboard Aeroflot Flight 821, which crashed and left no survivors. Russian officials have dismissed public suspicions that the plane might have been sabotaged.

One week after Troshev's death, the President of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov renamed Krasnoznamennaya Street in Grozny after Troshev.

title: Gennady Troshev


text:
Classification of inhabited localities in Russia

The classification system of inhabited localities in Russia and some other post-Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared with those in other countries.

Classes
During the Soviet time, each of the republics of the Soviet Union, including the Russian SFSR, had its own legislative documents dealing with classification of inhabited localities. After the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, the task of developing and maintaining such classification in Russia was delegated to the federal subjects. While currently there are certain peculiarities to classifications used in many federal subjects, they are all still largely based on the system used in the RSFSR. In all federal subjects, the inhabited localities are classified into two major categories: urban and rural. Further divisions of these categories vary slightly from one federal subject to another, but they all follow common trends described below.

Urban

 * Cities and towns (город, gorod; pl. города, goroda). Cities and towns are classified by their level of jurisdiction (district/federal subject/federal). The Russian language has no separate words for "town" and "city" ("город" is used for both). Some translators prefer the word "city" for urban populated places with population of at least 100,000 persons.
 * Urban-type settlements (посёлок городского типа, posyolok gorodskogo tipa; pl. посёлки городского типа) is a type of smaller urban locality. This type of urban locality was first introduced in the Soviet Union in 1924, with the following subcategories:
 * Urban-type settlement proper—mostly urban population of 3,000–12,000.
 * Workers' settlement (рабочий посёлок, rabochy posyolok)—mostly urban population occupied in industrial manufacture.
 * Suburban (dacha) settlement (дачный посёлок, dachny posyolok)—typically, a suburban settlement with summer dachas.
 * Resort settlement (курортный посёлок, kurortny posyolok)—mostly urban population occupied in services to holidaymakers (on the seaside or a mineral water spa, or in the mountains for walks and alpine skiing).
 * Shift settlements for shift method work.

In 1957, the procedures for categorizing urban-type settlements were further refined.

Rural

Multiple types of rural localities exist, some common through the whole territory of Russia, some specific to certain federal subjects. The most common types include:

 * Derevnyas (деревня, derevnya; pl. деревни, derevni), hamlets
 * Selos (село, selo; pl. сёла, syola), villages (historically, ones with an Orthodox church).
 * Stanitsas (станица, stanitsa; pl. станицы, stanitsy), villages (historically, Cossack rural settlements)
 * Slobodas (слобода, sloboda; pl. слободы, slobody), villages (historically, settlements freed from taxes and levies)
 * (Rural-type) settlements (посёлок (сельского типа), posyolok (selskogo tipa); pl. посёлки (сельского типа)). The "rural-type" (сельского типа) designation is added to the settlements the population of which is mostly occupied in agriculture, while posyolok (посёлок) proper indicates a mix of population working in agriculture and industry.

Historical

 * Krepost (крепость, a fort), a fortified settlement
 * A kremlin (кремль, citadel), a major krepost, usually including a castle and surrounded by a posad
 * An ostrog, a more primitive kind of krepost which could be put up quickly within rough walls of debarked pointed timber
 * Posad (посад), a medieval suburban settlement
 * Mestechko (местечко, from miasteczko), a small town in the Western Krai annexed during the partitions of Poland; typically a mestechko would have a Jewish majority and such towns are referred to in English by the Yiddish term shtetl
 * Pogost
 * Seltso, a type of rural locality in the Russian Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
 * Pochinok (починок, pochinok; pl. починки, pochinki), a newly formed rural locality of one or several families. Pochinoks were established as new settlements and usually grow into larger villages as they developed.


text:
Talk:Medium endurance cutter

Untitled
Note: The 205' tugs were also WMEC's -- cf. USCGC Chilula - WMEC 153, as well as the cutter Cherokee.

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title: Talk:Medium endurance cutter


text:
Mount Storm Lake

Mount Storm Lake – also known as New Stony River Reservoir – is a 1200 acre reservoir created in 1965 on the Stony River in Grant County, West Virginia. It serves as a cooling pond for the Dominion 1.6 gigawatt Mount Storm Power Station, which provides electricity to more than two million customers in Northern Virginia. The reservoir stands at an altitude of 3244 ft.

Recreation
Mount Storm Lake is a popular local and tourist destination. When Mount Storm Power Station is using the reservoir for cooling, it keeps Mount Storm Lake at a warm temperature that makes it perfect for swimming, boating, and water activities even in cooler weather. The reservoir's water is also extremely clear, with the light available on an average overcast day allowing swimmers to clearly see its bottom at depths of at least five to six feet.

Due to its warm temperature, the lake is a popular diving destination and training ground for scuba divers. The reservoir, which is in the upper 80s to 90s in the summer and rarely drops below fifty in the winter is outfitted with dive platforms at 30, 50, 75, and 120 feet and is regularly used by divers as a place to test equipment, maintain skill, enjoy a dive, and further training.

The lake's location on the Allegheny Front, one of the windiest spots east of the Mississippi, makes it an excellent destination for small boat sailing. There is a public boat ramp at the north end of the lake just off West Virginia Route 93. More than 40 wind turbines are visible from the lake.

title: Mount Storm Lake


text:
Talk:Hypnotize (System of a Down song)

Hindu Modes
(V) Hindu mode? Can that be linked to source or another Wikipedia entry explaining that?' — Preceding unsigned comment added by 186.136.82.37 (talk) 05:26, 7 December 2013 (UTC)

Reduction
Since this article was essentially a big pile of unnecessary information and POV commentary, I've reduced it to its base components with the hope that someone will reconstruct it in a satisfactory manner. — Prizm □ ■ 01:21, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

 * To whomever reverted this article: I have once again removed the unnecessary text. Previously, the article was little more than a grammatically incorrect, overly authoritative interpretation of the song's lyrics. Such work does not belong on Wikipedia. If, despite this fact, you choose to restore it, I will not remove it again; such behavior would constitute an edit war. Do with the article what you will. Thank you. — Prizm □ ■ 21:19, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Meaning
The text about the meaning is one interpretation, and a pretty close minded one at that. System of a Down, a band who protests many things and exercises their freedom of speech, would never protest against a protest against a heavily censored Communist government. The idea that the Tiananmen Square protests were for publicity is ludicrous. Where would the publicity be? Hong Kong? Taiwan? South Korea? It's obvious they wouldn't protest for TV when they know the PRC would censor it to the ground, as they did. The song is probably more about the Chinese government reaction. Theunknown42 05:49, 20 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I reworded that paragraph. Also, a link to another site giving that interpretation, as well as to the interviews referred to, would be useful. --Army1987 15:37, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

The 'meaning' paragraph is really hard to read and 'flip-flops'. Try to reword it again please- I am unable to as I have no idea what here is right or wrong.

The lyrics "Why don't you ask the kids at Tiananmen Square / Was fashion the reason why they were there?" may refer to the Goddess of Democracy statue that was created by art students during the Tiananmen Square protests. kingius

I've always taken this as a critcism of the airhead branch of modern youths, ie: contrasting the Tiananmen Square protestors literally dying for freedom, while over here in North America we have high-schoolers whose whole lives revolve the latest fasions and fads and fitting in, etc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.110.227.32 (talk) 21:10, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

Possibly not neutral?
Is it just me, or does this article seem slightly biased? The Eastern instruments being described as "truly a wonder to hear", for example? 81.76.33.150 20:27, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I have removed the sections which I believe were POV. bob rulz 01:49, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Hypnotizesingle.jpg
Image:Hypnotizesingle.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 00:30, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Hypnotizecd1.jpg
Image:Hypnotizecd1.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 06:12, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:200px-Hypnotizesingle.jpg
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BetacommandBot 23:17, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Hypnotizesingle.jpg
Image:Hypnotizesingle.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 17:52, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Music
Whoever wrote the section about what keys the song is in needs to understand the basic idea of modulation. More than one key: a song can have them! I fixed that section, and went through the song bar by bar. It is very obvious what key the song is in, not some wondrous mystery like the previous person had made it to be. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.251.70.108 (talk) 00:15, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

genre
i think it should be Progressive rock, hard rock what do you say? i mean there's nothing very metallic about this songPilmccartney (talk) 21:47, 6 September 2010 (UTC)

Reception
I removed the review from Allmusic because the review is for the whole album, not just the song itself. Mes tex (talk) 15:54, 27 August 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Hypnotize (System of a Down song)


text:
1957 NFL season

The 1957 NFL season was the 38th regular season of the National Football League. The season ended with the Detroit Lions defeating the Cleveland Browns in the NFL championship game, 59–14.

Draft
The 1957 NFL Draft was held on November 26, 1956, and January 31, 1957, at Philadelphia's Warwick Hotel and The Bellevue-Stratford Hotel. With the first pick, the Green Bay Packers selected halfback Paul Hornung from the University of Notre Dame.

Major rule changes

 * During sudden-death overtime, rules for time outs are the same as in a regular game, including the last two minutes of the second and fourth quarters.
 * Home teams wore dark jerseys and road team wore white. Previously, NFL teams were allowed to wear whatever uniform color they liked, even if it clashed with the other team, and were not required to have a white jersey.

Conference races
Cleveland won its opener, 6–3 over the Giants, and led the Eastern Conference from wire to wire. A 17–7 loss to the Eagles in Week Four forced the Browns to share the lead with New York, but the Giants lost the following week, and spent the rest of the season trying to catch Cleveland.

The Western Conference race was more protracted. Baltimore, Detroit, and San Francisco were tied for the lead several times, and had identical 7–4 records at the end of the penultimate week. When two teams tied for first place, they would meet in a one-game playoff. The NFL did have a provision for this situation: "If all three teams win, tie, or lose, then a two-week playoff series begins next Sunday with Baltimore drawing a bye, San Francisco playing Detroit, and the winner meeting the Colts at Baltimore December 29." Detroit and San Francisco both won while starting their backup quarterbacks (Tobin Rote and rookie John Brodie, respectively), but the Colts lost, meaning the additional playoff was not required.

Playoffs

 * Home team in capitals

Western Conference Playoff Game NFL Championship Game
 * Detroit 31, SAN FRANCISCO 27
 * DETROIT 59, Cleveland 14

Coaching changes

 * Detroit Lions: Buddy Parker was replaced by George Wilson.
 * Pittsburgh Steelers: Walt Kiesling was replaced by Buddy Parker.

Stadium changes
The Green Bay Packers moved from City Stadium to New City Stadium

title: 1957 NFL season


text:
Talk:Morganna

Mistake in Escapades
Re: 8/8/88 Cubs game, "Sandberg knocked the next pitch out of the park" - just watched a replay during a rain delay. The first pitch following her running on the field was a ball. Sandberg hit the 2nd pitch out. Ilovethecubs (talk) 19:22, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

Met
I met Morganna when she performed at the Galaxie Club in Newport, Kentucky. We got to know each other quite well although I doubt she remembers me. She was born in Louisville, left home when she was 11, and moved to Baltimore where she began stripping at a small club on "the block." Morganna was very smart, quite knowledgeable for a grade school dropout, and had a charismatic personality. How many other people would have accomplished every thing she has given the obstacles Morganna had to overcome? Not many. I have a lot of respect for her. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.207.22.57 (talk) 05:15, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

Birth date
"Here first escapade onto the field--at the age of 17--was to kiss Pete Rose in 1971" Do the math. If she was born in 1947, she would've been 24 in 1971 (or 23 if this was before July 4). If she was 17 in 1971, she would've been born in 1954 or 1953 (again, depending on the date). So which is it? 67.0.74.71 04:57, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You are correct. She was born in 1954. That would make her 17 in 1971 when she kissed Pete Rose. User:David777 02:39, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Her son, Nick, was born in 1963, which would make her NINE when giving birth? Get your FACTS straight. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 114.32.77.172 (talk) 12:04, 22 December 2013 (UTC)

USA Today says she's 72 as of 10/21/2019: https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/2019/10/21/world-series-morganna-the-kissing-bandit-still-loves-baseball/4045365002/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.27.238.209 (talk) 19:03, 21 October 2019 (UTC)

Death
IMDB says she died in 1999, while one of the linked articles says she was seen in 2005. Either IMDB has it wrong, or there's a Great Impostor somewhere. Wahkeenah 22:48, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

Reference
I just want to say how happy I am that the only listed source on this page is something called the "Fact or Crap Calendar." God I love wikipedia. Wencer 03:13, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Birth date revisited
There is a conflict in Morganna's birth date. whosaliveandwhosdead.com says 1954 while the Ocala Star-Banner says she was 25 in 1972 which means she was born in 1947. I'd trust the newspaper more than the random unsourced website. I haven't looked for any other references yet. — X96lee15 (talk) 16:33, 14 December 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Morganna


text:
Qabala

Qabala (Qəbələ) is a city and the administrative centre of the Qabala District of Azerbaijan. The municipality consists of the city of Gabala and the village of Küsnat. Before the city was known as Kutkashen, but after the Republic of Azerbaijan's independence the town was renamed in honour of the much older city of Gabala, the former capital of Caucasian Albania, the archaeological site of which is about 20 km southwest.

Antiquity
Gabala is the ancient capital of Caucasian Albania. Archaeological evidence indicates that the city functioned as the capital of Caucasian Albania as early as the 4th century BC. Up to the present time, there are the ruins of the ancient city and the main gate of Caucasian Albania. Ongoing excavations near the village Chukhur show that Gabala from the 4th – 3rd centuries BC and up to the 18th century was one of the main cities with developed trade and crafts. The ruins of the ancient town are situated 15 km from the regional centre, allocated on the territory between Garachay and Jourluchay rivers. Gabala was located in the middle of the 2,500-year-old Silk Road, and was mentioned by Pliny the Younger as "Kabalaka", Greek geographer Ptolemy as "Khabala", Arabic historian Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri as "Khazar". In the 19th century, the Azerbaijani historian Abbasgulu Bakikhanov mentioned in his book Gulistani Irem that Kbala or Khabala were in fact Gabala.

In the 60s BC, Roman troops attacked Caucasian Albania but did not succeed in capturing the Qabala territory. In 262 AD, Caucasian Albania was occupied by the Sassanid Empire, but preserved its political and economic status. In 464, it lost its independence due to years of invasions from the northern nomadic tribes and had to move its capital city to Partava (currently Barda in Azerbaijan).

Feudal era
Gabala was occupied by Shirvanshah Fariburz, King David IV of Georgia in 1120, Turco-Mongol conqueror Timurleng in 1386, Safavid shah Tahmasib I in 1538, Afshar Nader Shah in 1734 but was able to preserve its culture and identity. After the death of Nader Shah in 1747, the region split into independent khanates and sultanates and Gabala became a Qutqashen Sultanate. It was also called Gabala Mahali. After what is today referred to as The Republic of Azerbaijan was annexed from the Persian Empire, under the Qajar dynasty, by the Russian Empire in 1813 through the consequences of the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813) and the resulting Treaty of Gulistan of 1813, it conducted administrative reforms and in 1841 the khanates of this region were terminated and the territories were incorporated into governorates. Gabala area was added to Nukha uyezd of Elisabethpol Governorate. Due to archaeological finds in Gabala, it was declared a National State Reserve in 1985.

Republic era
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Gabala embarked on a process of restructuring on a scale unseen in its history. Thousands of buildings from the Soviet period were demolished to make way for a green belt on its shores; parks and gardens were built on the land reclaimed by filling up the foothill of Gabala. Improvements were made in the general cleaning, maintenance, and garbage collection, and these services are now at Western European standards. The city is growing dynamically and developing at full speed on a north axis along the shores of the Caspian Sea.

As of the 2010s, Gabala is emerging as a magnet for events, such as the summit of Turkic Council in 2013. In 2013, the city was declared the Cultural Capital of the Commonwealth of Independent States, in recognition of its long contribution to the history of Azerbaijan and the region.

Geography
The geographical position and mountainous relief of the city greatly influenced on formation of complex climate conditions in the vertical droughty area, as well as on density of river network and richness of soil-vegetation cover. Relief and humid climate conditions of Gabala region led to formation of a thick river network in the area. The rivers of the city refer to the left branches of Kura basin and run directly into Kura or the rivers of the Shirvan zone.

The city is rich with chestnut and hazelnut trees. Flora and Fauna of the district is rich. Deer and mountain tours, wild boar, hare, bears, wolves, foxes and numerous birds – pheasant, grouse, francolin, etc. can be found in the woods. These features attract hunters.

Economy
The economy of Gabala is partially agricultural, partially tourist based, with some manufacturing industries, mainly for food preserves, tobacco and silkworm cocoon drying. The city's main manufacturing companies are involved in engineering, construction, brewing and distilling and food manufacturing. There is also "Beltmann" piano factory, whose piano-maker is Hans Leferink - the grandson of Johann Beltmann who, in 1901, founded a similar business in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Various factories operate in the district, such as juice factory and nut factory.

Tourism and shopping
Qabala is a tourist destination due to the combination of its spring climate, mountainous landscape, and diverse fauna. There are many world-class hotels and resorts, most part of the Qafqaz chain. Natural climatic conditions of the region create opportunities for the development of both summer and winter tourism in the region. The northern side of Qabala belongs to the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus mountain range, the central part to Alazan-Haftaran valley, the southern part to Ajinohur upland. Furthermore, the highest mountain peak of the republic- Mount Bazarduzu (4466 meters) is situated in this region.

Also located in Qabala is Yeddi Gozel Waterfall. The name means 'seven beauties' due to the seven stages of the falls but also reflecting a classic Nizami Ganjavi story. The waterfall, situated in woodlands west of Vandam, is climbed by thousands of people each year - the lower levels being accessible by stairways.

The city contains "Qabaland" amusement park, an ice skating rink and a Greek-style theatre, rental houses, built especially for outside concerts. Gabala also has several qebelede kiraye evler shopping malls.

Qabala is home to the Tufandag Ski Complex, rated the best ski resort in Azerbaijan and one of the foremost in the Caucasus. The complex serves up to 3,000 people a day.

Culture
Since 2009, city has been home of Gabala International Music Festival, which included performances from classical and jazz performers such as Al Jarreau and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra.

Gabala also boasts many museums such as Historical Ethnography Museum of Gabala and Gabala Cultural Centre, most notably featuring Folk Theatre named after Jalil Mammadguluzadeh.

Landmarks
Qabala is known for the ruins of an ancient walled city, Chukhur Gabala, dating back to the 4th century BC. The city has a large war memorial, numerous ancient stone houses and the Rashidbek monument, which is shaped like a huge book.

Another landmark is the large Qabala Radar station, on the southern horizon as seen from Gabala, is one of only two Daryal-type missile early warning stations in the former USSR.

Parks and gardens
Qabala has large sections of greenery either preserved by the National Government or designated as green zones. The city includes "Qabaland", which is the largest amusement park in Azerbaijan.

Sports
The city has one professional football team competing in the top-flight of Azerbaijani football – Gabala, currently playing in the Azerbaijan Premier League. The team was managed by former England and Arsenal player Tony Adams in 2010–11 season. The clubs holds its home games in the Gabala City Stadium. The Qabala Horse Racing Complex is used for horse-racing tournaments. As of 2013, there is Qabala Shooting Club functions in the city.

Cuisine
The district has rich cuisine as other Azerbaijani regions. Popular local dishes include Qabala plov (rice), Dolma with nut, Dovga, Uchgulag, and types of chigirtma (chicken chigirtma, eggplant chigirtma, chigirtma plov, fresh green beans chigirtma, etc.).

Public transport
Qabala is linked by regular bus and minibus to Baku, and less frequently to other regional centres. Within the city there are three numbered minibus routes running once or twice an hour.

Air
Qabala Airport is around 20 km south of the city. There are twice weekly flights to Baku and international connections to Dubai and Russia.

Education
There are 4 primary schools, 5 secondary schools and 4 special schools in the town.

Healthcare
Qabala Central Regional Hospital is the largest hospital in the city, Qabala Children's Hospital and Qabala Treatment and Diagnostic Center, which specialises in rehabilitation and long-term illnesses and conditions.

Regional media
During the USSR period, "Galibiyyat" newspaper was published in Qabala.

Currently, a group of young people created Gabalacity.net website which gives information about Qabala aiming to develop the tourism potential of the district.

Today "Qabala" newspaper is being published in the region which was first published on 15 October 1933 as "Bolshevik Mubarizi". Qabala Region Executive Power manages the publication of "Gabala" newspaper. Nadir Atakishiyev is leading the newspaper.

Climate
Qabala has a humid continental climate (Dfa) close to the borderline of the humid subtropical climate (Cfa). Climate of Qabala is warm-temperate with dry winters in low areas, cold and damp in high mountains and the annual precipitation is 500–600 mm in the south, and up to 1600 mm in the northern high mountains.

title: Qabala


text:
Santa Ynez (disambiguation)

Santa Ynez (Spanish for Saint Agnes) can refer to:

Places

 * Santa Ynez, California, a census-designated place located in Santa Barbara County, California
 * Santa Ynez Mountains, mountains south of Santa Ynez Valley
 * Santa Ynez Valley AVA, California wine region in Santa Barbara County
 * Santa Ynez Valley, a group of six communities located in Santa Barbara County, California

People

 * Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians, a tribe of Chumash people located in Santa Barbara County

Other

 * Santa Ynez Apartments, off-campus apartments that belong to the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) in the city of Goleta, California
 * Santa Ynez Valley Union High School, a California Distinguished School located in Santa Ynez, California
 * Mission Santa Inés, the 19th mission in the California mission chain located in Solvang, California
 * USNS Mission Santa Ynez (AO-134), a United States Navy fleet oiler built during World War II

title: Santa Ynez (disambiguation)


text:
Smith & Wesson Model 78G

Smith & Wesson models 78G and 79G are vintage models of air-powered pistols. Each model chambered either a .177 or .22 caliber pellet. The Smith & Wesson G-series pistols were designed with attention to accuracy and weight, making them ideal in developing short-range marksmanship skills while using a less-penetrating, air-driven pellet as the projectile. They were designed to imitate the Smith & Wesson Model 41 target pistol. Both models are equipped with target style adjustable sights.

These airguns were manufactured from 1970 to 1978. They are single shot pistols, requiring manual reloading after each shot. Velocity is adjustable and some early models allow for trigger travel adjustment. The value of these guns has held remarkably well, with pristine models (with original box, S&W pellets and S&W cartridges) selling for multiples of the original price. Seal kits are still widely available so they remain serviceable shooters even today.

Also worth noting is that, while each model uses small pellets driven by cartridges, an airgun is still a potentially dangerous weapon requiring attention to all the basic safety premises followed when using regular combustion-driven firearms.

title: Smith & Wesson Model 78G


text:
Octave (disambiguation)

An octave is the interval between one musical pitch and another with half or double its frequency.

Octave may also refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Octave (album), by The Moody Blues
 * Octave (poetry), a verse form consisting of eight lines of iambic pentameter
 * Sicilian octave, a verse form consisting of eight lines of eleven syllables each
 * Ottava rima, an Italian verse form
 * Octave, a fictional character in the film Interstella 5555: The 5tory of the 5ecret 5tar 5ystem

Science and technology

 * Octave (electronics), a logarithmic unit for ratios between frequencies
 * GNU Octave, a high-level computer programming language
 * Octave, an IT risk management method
 * Octonion, originally octave, in hypercomplex algebra

People

 * Octave (given name) including a list of people with the name
 * Octave (musician) (born 1963), Romanian rock musician
 * Dieuson Octave (born 1997), American rapper known as Kodak Black

Other uses

 * Octave, Arizona, a place in the US
 * Octave (horse) (foaled 2004), a thoroughbred racehorse
 * Octave (liturgy), either the eighth day after a feast, or the whole period of those eight days
 * Octave celebration, a religious celebration in Luxembourg
 * Octave (unit), a British unit for measuring whisky
 * Hurricane Octave, several tropical storms

title: Octave (disambiguation)


text:
User talk:Dowbrigade~enwiki

Michael! Nice to see you on the local team for the Boston 'mania bid. If you have any ideas about groups we should reach out to in town, please add them there; we will be discussing the various bids tomorrow... +sj +  05:01, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

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Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Dowbrigade. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Dowbrigade~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:31, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 12:17, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dowbrigade~enwiki


text: Talk:Mutual conductance

title: Talk:Mutual conductance


text:
Talk:Kedron State High School

 * info=Some good information but much of the rest reads like a brochure. Needs more referenced information and work on WP:NPOV Adam McCormick 02:18, 19 March 2007 (UTC)}}

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 08:52, 2 March 2022 (UTC)
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title: Talk:Kedron State High School


text:
They (2002 film)

They (also known as Wes Craven Presents: They) is a 2002 American supernatural horror film, directed by Robert Harmon and starring Laura Regan, Ethan Embry, Dagmara Dominczyk, Jay Brazeau, and Marc Blucas. The plot is centered on a group of four adults experiencing night terrors and attempting to deal with the fallout from their prior childhood experiences. The film was produced by Ted Field and Tom Engleman; Wes Craven served as one of its executive producers and was its presenter.

The film was released during the Thanksgiving week and received generally negative reviews, though Laura Regan's performance received significant praise. The film was also a box office bomb, grossing only $16.1 million against its $17 million budget.

Plot
In 1983, a boy named Billy Parks has difficulty falling asleep after waking up from a nightmare. His mother Mary assures him the monster he thinks is in the closet is imaginary. As he tries to fall asleep, a dark apparition emerges from his closet and spirits him away.

In 2002, psychology grad student Julia Lund reunites with her childhood friend, a grown Billy. Julia experienced night terrors as a child after witnessing her father commit suicide, but has seemingly overcome the problem. Billy, who is startled by flickering lights in a diner and is deathly afraid of the dark, tells her that he believes their night terrors are caused by something otherworldly. He was kidnapped by mysterious creatures as a child and went missing for two days. He warns her to stay out of the dark, then shoots himself.

Julia stays over at her boyfriend Paul's apartment to grieve. That night, Julia hears the shower running and investigates. She finds a black fluid erupting from the sink drain, and the bathroom mirror opens to an alternate dimension filled with mysterious creatures. Paul hears her screams and finds her alone. He suggests that she might have been sleepwalking, since she does not remember what happened.

At Billy's funeral, Julia meets two of his friends and roommates, Terry and Sam, who also had night terrors as children and have begun to believe his claims. Julia visits Billy's childhood room and discovers a drawer full of batteries. Later, as Julia is driving, a creature sprints across the windshield and the SUV engine stops. As Julia attempts to restart it, she is startled by a vision of Billy and is nearly hit by a truck.

At Terry and Sam's apartment, the trio study Billy's diary. Terry and Sam ask Julia if she has experienced a return of the night terrors, which she denies. Terry says her night terrors started after she witnessed her sister drown in a lake. In one instance, she disappeared from her bedroom and returned in the dog house; when her father reached in for her, she stabbed him in the eye with a kitchen knife, convinced he was a demon. Julia meets a girl named Sarah, one of Dr. Booth's patients, who claims that "They" will eat her in her nightmares and that the only thing that keeps them away is light. She starts picking at a strange mark on her arm; a similar mark had also appeared on Billy's hand, Sam's shoulder, and Terry's ankle. Terry and Sam are soon taken by the creatures.

Julia discovers the mark on her forehead and pulls out a long black needle. She runs to Paul's. Paul, convinced that she is insane, drugs her with a sleeping pill and calls Dr. Booth. Julia runs to the subway and becomes trapped in the station. She boards a train home and is the only passenger. The lights flicker, and the train stops. She gets off and sees all the light bulbs have burst in the tunnel. The creatures attack her, but Julia manages to escape. When a group of tunnel workers attempt to help her, Julia assaults them with shards of glass, convinced they are not human.

Julia is committed to Dr. Booth's mental institution, where she is attacked and transported into the dimension she saw, this time inside a closet. She screams for help from Dr. Booth and an orderly, neither of whom can see or hear her. Dr. Booth closes the door, and the creatures drag Julia away.

Cast

 * Laura Regan as Julia Lund
 * Jessica Amlee as Young Julia
 * Marc Blucas as Paul Loomis
 * Ethan Embry as Sam Burnside
 * Dagmara Dominczyk as Terry Alba
 * Jon Abrahams as Billy Parks
 * Alexander Gould as Young Billy
 * Jay Brazeau as Dr. Booth
 * Jodelle Micah Ferland as Sarah
 * Desiree Zurowski as Mary Parks
 * Mark Hildreth as Troy
 * Jonathan Cherry as Darren
 * Peter LaCroix as David Parks
 * L. Harvey Gold as Professor Crowley
 * David Abbott as Professor Adkins

Production
The initial script featured godlike, organic machines who used humans for spare parts. This was rewritten from scratch by the producers. They was Radar's first film production.

Release
Dimension purchased the distribution rights after footage was shown in England. They received its US premiere on November 27, 2002. In its opening weekend They grossed about $5.1 million. The film grossed $12.8 million in the US and $3.3 million overseas, making for a total worldwide gross of $16.1 million.

Home media
The film was released on VHS and DVD on June 10, 2003. The film received its Blu-ray release on September 11, 2012, through Echo Bridge Entertainment, in a double feature with another Wes Craven film, Cursed.

Deleted scenes
There were scenes that were filmed but excluded from the final cut; the first two are available on the Japanese DVD and include:
 * After Julia sees Sarah's mark on her arm she leaves Dr. Booth's waiting room with him walking in to find her gone. Julia is seen at a hardware store purchasing lighting supplies afterwards. The cashier asks her if she is going camping but she does not respond.
 * Julia is seen packing in her bedroom to prepare for Billy's funeral while Paul makes her breakfast. The two then share an intimate moment before she leaves for the funeral.
 * After Julia pulls out the splinter from her forehead she runs over to Sam's apartment as he is being attacked by "They", after calling out his name a few times more Sam's corpse is thrown through a window and lands on top of her, a monster on his back growls at Julia as it pulls his corpse into the shadows.

These deleted scenes were all included in the Blu-ray release of the film.

Alternate endings
Two alternate endings were shot but neither of them made it to the final cut, they include:
 * After the incident in the subway the film's plot cuts to nine months later where Julia is shown hospitalized in a mental institution. Julia manages to convince a panel of psychiatrists including Dr. Booth that she has regained her sanity. She then sees one of the creatures climb through an air shaft in the ceiling but continues to deny their existence. She is finally released and proceeds to set up high powered lights all over her apartment room. The camera then pulls out of her bedroom as she is seen sitting on her bed. A door creaks open in her darkened hall and the film cuts to black. (This ending was shown to test audiences which was deleted and re-filmed after test audiences responded negatively to the ending; this ending is unavailable in any DVD.)
 * Julia wakes up in the mental hospital and sees that all the people in her story − Dr. Booth, Sam, Billy, Terry - are patients in the mental hospital and her boyfriend Paul is a doctor working there. The doors to Julia's room then break open and one of "them" enters and seemingly attacks her until it is realized that it was all a delusion fabricated by Julia's mind and she had been suffering from Schizophrenia throughout the whole movie. (Some versions of the DVD and all Blu-ray versions have this ending available.)

Alternate opening
An alternate opening shown to test audiences featured a flashback of young Julia sleeping instead of a flashback of Billy. This opening was scrapped and is unavailable on any DVD.

Critical response
They holds a 39% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 57 reviews, and an average rating of 4.5/10. The site's consensus states: "They fails to sustain the level of creepiness necessary to rise above other movies in the horror genre." On Metacritic the film has a score of 31 out of 100 based on reviews from 16 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".

A. O. Scott of The New York Times wrote of the film: "Though you may share [the characters]' skepticism about the reality of those nightmare creatures, and occasionally twitch with impatience at the movie's clumsy dialogue and haphazard logic, you may also find yourself thoroughly terrified. I confess I was relieved when the movie ended and the lights came back on." Jamie Russell of the BBC awarded the film four out of five stars, writing: "None of it is likely to make this into the year's best horror movie, but as far as scaring the pants off you for an hour and a half, They will do that. And more." Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian wrote that the film "This entertaining scary movie isn't overly burdened with originality, but it's an enjoyable watch with some nicely creepy moments."

Writing for the San Francisco Chronicle, Mick Lasalle wrote: "Perhaps [executive producer] Craven was attracted by the metaphor of monsters and mental illness, but the metaphor is old, and director Robert Harmon does nothing to make it seem new again. Or perhaps Craven was just captivated by the movie's last and best scene, which is spooky enough to make They almost worth seeing."

title: They (2002 film)