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Frequency-resolved optical gating

Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) is a general method for measuring the spectral phase of ultrashort laser pulses, which range from subfemtosecond to about a nanosecond in length. Invented in 1991 by Rick Trebino and Daniel J. Kane, FROG was the first technique to solve this problem, which is difficult because, ordinarily, to measure an event in time, a shorter event is required with which to measure it. For example, to measure a soap bubble popping requires a strobe light with a shorter duration to freeze the action. Because ultrashort laser pulses are the shortest events ever created, before FROG, it was thought by many that their complete measurement in time was not possible. FROG, however, solved the problem by measuring an "auto-spectrogram" of the pulse, in which the pulse gates itself in a nonlinear-optical medium and the resulting gated piece of the pulse is then spectrally resolved as a function of the delay between the two pulses. Retrieval of the pulse from its FROG trace is accomplished by using a two-dimensional phase-retrieval algorithm.

FROG is currently the standard technique for measuring ultrashort laser pulses replacing an older method called autocorrelation, which only gave a rough estimate for the pulse length. FROG is simply a spectrally resolved autocorrelation, which allows the use of a phase-retrieval algorithm to retrieve the precise pulse intensity and phase vs. time. It can measure both very simple and very complex ultrashort laser pulses, and it has measured the most complex pulse ever measured without the use of a reference pulse. Simple versions of FROG exist (with the acronym, GRENOUILLE, the French word for FROG), utilizing only a few easily aligned optical components. Both FROG and GRENOUILLE are in common use in research and industrial labs around the world.

Theory
FROG and autocorrelation share the idea of combining a pulse with itself in a nonlinear medium. Since a nonlinear medium will only produce the desired signal when both pulses are present at the same time (i.e. “optical gating”), varying the delay between the pulse copies and measuring the signal at each delay gives a vague estimate of the pulse length. Autocorrelators measure a pulse by measuring the intensity of the nonlinear signal field. Estimating the pulse length requires assuming a pulse shape, and the phase of the pulse electric field cannot be measured at all. FROG extends this idea by measuring the spectrum of the signal at each delay (hence “frequency-resolved”), instead of just the intensity. This measurement creates a spectrogram of the pulse, which can be used to determine the complex electric field as a function of time or frequency as long as the nonlinearity of the medium is known.

The FROG spectrogram (usually called a FROG trace) is a graph of intensity as a function of frequency $$\omega$$ and delay $$\tau$$. The signal field from the nonlinear interaction is easier to express in the time domain, however, so the typical expression for the FROG trace includes a Fourier transform.

 * $$I_\text{FROG}(\omega,\tau) = \left| E_\text{sig}(\omega,\tau) \right|^2 = \left| FT[ E_\text{sig}(t,\tau)] \right|^2 = \left| \int_{-\infty}^\infty E_{sig}(t,\tau) e^{-i \omega t} \,dt \right|^2.$$

The nonlinear signal field $$E_\text{sig}(t,\tau)$$ depends on the original pulse, $$E(t)$$, and the nonlinear process used, which can almost always be expressed as $$E_\text{gate}(t - \tau)$$, such that $$E_\text{sig}(t,\tau) = E(t)E_\text{gate}(t - \tau)$$. The most common nonlinearity is second harmonic generation, where $$E_\text{gate}(t - \tau) = E(t - \tau)$$. The expression for the trace in terms of the pulse field is then:

 * $$I_\text{SHG FROG}(\omega,\tau) = \left| \int_{-\infty}^\infty E(t) E(t - \tau) e^{-i \omega t} \,dt \right|^2.$$

There are many possible variations on this basic setup. If a well-known reference pulse is available, then it may be used as a gating pulse instead of a copy of the unknown pulse. This is referred to as cross-correlation FROG or XFROG. In addition, other non-linear effects besides second harmonic generation may be used, such as third harmonic generation (THG) or polarization gating (PG). These changes will affect the expression for $$E_\text{gate}(t - \tau)$$.

Experiment
In a typical multi-shot FROG setup, the unknown pulse is split into two copies with a beamsplitter. One copy is delayed by a known amount relative to the other. Both pulses are focused to the same point in a nonlinear medium, and the spectrum of the nonlinear signal is measured with a spectrometer. This process is repeated for many delay points.

A FROG measurement can be performed on a single shot with some minor adjustments. The two pulse copies are crossed at an angle and focused to a line instead of a point. This creates a varying delay between the two pulses along the line focus. In this configuration, it is common to use a home-made spectrometer, consisting of a diffraction grating and a camera, to capture the measurement.

Retrieval algorithm
Although it is theoretically somewhat complex, the method of generalized projections has proven to be an extremely reliable method for retrieving pulses from FROG traces. Unfortunately, its sophistication is the source of some misunderstanding and mistrust from scientists in the optics community. Hence, this section will attempt to give some insight into the basic philosophy and implementation of the method, if not its detailed workings.

First, imagine a space that contains all possible signal electric fields. For a given measurement, there is a set of these fields that will satisfy the measured FROG trace. We refer to these fields as satisfying the data constraint. There is another set that consists of the signal fields that can be expressed using the form for the nonlinear interaction used in the measurement. For second-harmonic generation (SHG), this is the set of fields that can be expressed in the form $$E_\text{sig}(t,\tau) = E(t) E(t - \tau)$$. This is referred to as satisfying the mathematical form constraint.

These two sets intersect at exactly one point. There is only one possible signal field that both has the correct intensity to match the data trace and fits the mathematical form dictated by the nonlinear interaction. To find that point, which will give the pulse we are trying to measure, generalized projections is used. The generalized projections algorithm operates in this electric field space. At each step, we find the closest point to the current guess point that will satisfy the constraint for the other set. That is, the current guess is “projected” onto the other set. This closest point becomes the new current guess, and the closest point on the first set is found. By alternating between projecting onto the mathematical constraint set and projecting onto the data constraint set, we eventually end up at the solution.

Projecting onto the data constraint set is simple. To be in that set, the magnitude squared of the signal field has to match the intensity measured by the trace. The signal field $$E_\text{sig}(t,\tau)$$ is Fourier-transformed to $$E_\text{sig}(\omega,\tau)$$. The closest point in the data constraint set is found by replacing the magnitude of $$E_\text{sig}(\omega,\tau)$$ by the magnitude of the data, leaving the phase of $$E_\text{sig}(\omega,\tau)$$ intact.

Projecting onto the mathematical constraint set is not simple. Unlike the data constraint, there is not an easy way to tell which point in the mathematical constraint set is closest. A general expression for the distance between the current point and any point in the mathematical constraint set is created, and then that expression is minimized by taking the gradient of that distance with respect the current field guess. This process is discussed in more detail in this paper.

This cycle is repeated until the error between the signal guess and the data constraint (after applying the mathematical constraint) reaches some target minimum value. $$E(t)$$ can be found by simply integrating $$E_\text{sig}(t,\tau)$$ with respect to delay $$\tau$$. A second FROG trace is usually constructed mathematically from the solution and compared with the original measurement.

Measurement confirmation
One important feature of a FROG measurement is that many more data points are collected than are strictly necessary to find the pulse electric field. For example, say that the measured trace consists of 128 points in the delay direction and 128 points in the frequency direction. There are 128×128 total points in the trace. Using these points, an electric field is retrieved that has 2×128 points (128 for magnitude and another 128 for the phase). This is a massively overdetermined system, meaning that the number of equations is much larger than the number of unknowns. Thus the importance of each individual data point being absolutely correct is greatly reduced. This is very helpful for real-world measurements that can be affected by detector noise and systematic errors. Noise is extremely unlikely to affect the measured trace in a way that could be confused with a physical phenomenon in the pulse. The FROG algorithm tends to “see through” these effects due to the amount of extra information available and the use of a mathematical form constraint in finding a solution. This means that the error between an experimental FROG trace and a retrieved FROG trace is rarely zero, although it should be quite small for traces without systematic errors.

Consequently, significant differences between measured and retrieved FROG traces should be investigated. The experimental setup may be misaligned, or there may be significant spatio-temporal distortions in the pulse. If the measurement averages over several or many pulses, then those pulses may vary significantly from each other.

FROG techniques

 * Grating-eliminated no-nonsense observation of ultrafast incident laser light e-fields (GRENOUILLE), a simplified version of FROG
 * Double-Blind FROG, for measuring two pulses simultaneously

Competing techniques

 * Optical autocorrelation, in its intensity or fringe-resolved (interferometric) version
 * Spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER)
 * Multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan (MIIPS), a method to characterize and manipulate the ultrashort pulse.
 * Frequency-resolved electro-absorption gating (FREAG)

title: Frequency-resolved optical gating


text:
Talk:Soviet Republic

Anon's addition to Soviet Union
Deleted as unconfirmed.
 * In July, 1941, the revolutionary government of Montenegro proclaimed the Soviet Republic of Montenegro, and asked for integration into the Soviet Union. Integration was never granted, and the Republic was occupied by the Axis powers with a few months of its creation.

 * A Soviet Iranian Republic was Created in a small strip of northern Iran, led mostly by Soviet insurgents, it functioned only for a short time, and was never considered a part of the Soviet Union.

mikka (t) 16:50, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Broad-Concept Article?
Despite what the hatnote template says I'm pretty sure we already have a broad-concept article in Soviet republic (system of government). Charles Essie (talk) 15:58, 27 November 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Soviet Republic


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User:Jsolaro

Hey, I'm jsolaro and I'm new to Wikipedia although I have been keeping an eye on it for a while...think "long time listener, first time caller."

I am intrigued by the concept of Wikipedia and I figured that the best way to learn more was to try it out for myself in an official way instead of just the random little anonymous edits that many people choose to do. That's fine it works out that way a lot, but this seemed like a better option.

My favorite things in the world include travelling, cooking, eating, video games, and poker.

You can visit the solaro blog to see my ramblings and adventures that don't belong here.

title: User:Jsolaro


text:
WQMG

WQMG (97.1 FM) is an urban adult contemporary station licensed to Greensboro, North Carolina and serves the Piedmont Triad region, which also includes High Point and Winston-Salem. The Audacy, Inc. outlet broadcasts with an ERP of 100 kW. The station's studios are located near the Piedmont Triad International Airport, and a transmitter site is in unincorporated south Guilford County.

As of December 2021, WQMG is the highest-rated station in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point radio market.

History
The earliest roots of this station date to 1948 and a station with the call letters WFMY on 97.3 MHz, owned by the Greensboro News Company, publishers of the Greensboro Daily News and Daily Record (now merged as the Greensboro News & Record). One year after its founding as an FM station, its owners constructed WFMY-TV, the first television station in Greensboro and the second in North Carolina. The FM station was taken off the air in 1953 as the company devoted more of its resources to television.

A new station signed on under new ownership in 1962 on 97.1 MHz with the call letters WQMG, which stood for "Where Quality Music lives in Greensboro." With its new 20,000 watt facility the station was the first in the southeast to broadcast in stereo. In the early 1970s, WQMG aired an adult contemporary format known as "Stereo Island."

WQMG was very successful in the 1970s and 1980s as an Urban Contemporary format under the name "Power 97 FM". By 1996, they would move to their current format under the "Classic Soul...Smooth R&B" slogan, after becoming the sister station to WJMH and beating that station in the ratings, as well as WTQR with the 18-54 audience. Following the format change of competitor WMKS, WQMG is now the sole Adult R&B station in the market. From March 1997 to 2015, WQMG was the Triad's home of the syndicated Tom Joyner Morning Show. Shilynne Cole and Busta Brown now host a local morning show, and Renee Vaughn, who was a local host during Joyner's show, moved to middays. The Steve Harvey Morning Show replaced Tom Joyner on November 9, 2015.

In November–December 2021, WQMG achieved a rating of 13.0, the largest share in the history of the station.

title: WQMG


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Man Known as S

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 07:38, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

The Man Known as S
nonnotable movie extra, poss. vanity.
 * Delete. Gazpacho 16:51, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete The article lists him as an extra in one film. The IMDB entry for that film doesn't list him, so this is unverifiable. If this is removed, there is no content at all. Even if it were confirmed, appearing as an extra in a single film is not notable. Not speedy-tagged as this is a claim of notability, at least arguable. DES (talk) 17:27, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, the movie poster in the linked movie is doctored and not the original poster as well. RasputinAXP   talk  *  contribs  23:25, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as vandalism. Notice that User:FatherSkeel created this article while User:Hubris added it over at In Her Shoes.  Not coincidentally both of these editors are vigorously defending another suspected hoax article at Pocket Mumias.  User:Dogman1 joined in the fun by changing Cameron Diaz's last name at In Her Shoes to "Mumia."  Coincidence? Conspiracy? You decide.   --Dvyost 01:54, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete more vandalsim/hoax. NN even if it was true.  And it isn't. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  23:07, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Adolph Rickenbacker

Adolph Rickenbacker (April 1, 1887 – March 21, 1976) was a Swiss-American production engineer and machinist who, together with George Beauchamp, created the first electric string instrument, and co-founded the Rickenbacker guitar company, also with Beauchamp.

Rickenbacker was born in Basel, Switzerland as Adolf Rickenbacher. He immigrated in 1891 to the United States with older relatives after his parents died, settling in Columbus Ohio and later southern California. He Anglicized both his own name, and that of his company's brand, to Rickenbacker to capitalize on the popularity of his second cousin, America's top flying ace Eddie Rickenbacker. The World War I ace himself had felt pressure to change the spelling of his name because of the wave of anti-German sentiment caused by the war, in an effort to "take the Hun out of his name." Eddie was already well known at the time, so the change received wide publicity. "From then on", as he wrote in his autobiography, "most Rickenbachers were practically forced to spell their name in the way I had..."

Rickenbacher manufacturing Company produced parts for the National String Instrument Corporation, manufacturer of John Dopyera's Resonator guitars. Of particular importance was his ability to form guitar bodies with one of the largest deep drawing presses available. Rickenbacker held the title of Engineer at National. In October, 1931 he joined George Beauchamp and Paul Barth in the creation of Ro-Pat-In (ElectRo-Patent-Instruments), later renamed Electro String, the producer of guitars under the brand name Rickenbacker. Rickenbacker who was a significant investor in the guitar businesses was given the title of president, Paul Barth vice president, and George Beauchamp secretary-treasurer.

In 1934 he, along with George Beauchamp, filed a patent application for an "electrical stringed musical instrument". They received the patent in 1937 and developed an electric guitar for the mass market.

Adolph Rickenbacker died from cancer in Orange County, California in 1976 at the age of 88.

title: Adolph Rickenbacker


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User talk:LazarKr

List of Jewish Inductees of Hall of Fame
Hi, thanks for creating List of Jewish Inductees of Hall of Fame. However, could you write a sentence or two in the introduction that explains what this list is for? "Hall of Fame" is ambiguous since there are many different hall's of fame. Thanks for your help. --Quasipalm 16:53, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

List of Jewish bankers
This list has been nominated for deletion, you can vote to keep it here Articles_for_deletion/List_of_Jewish_bankers (I did not nominate it). Arniep 11:57, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

Jewish lists for deletion
Hi you might be interested that these are nominated for deletion by User:Pilatus: Articles_for_deletion/Log/2005_November_19 Articles_for_deletion/Log/2005_November_19 Articles_for_deletion/Log/2005_November_20. Regards Arniep 14:38, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

Campaign to delete all Jewish categories
please vote here Categories_for_deletion. Arniep 13:28, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

Mass delete on Jewish American lists
Please vote here: Articles_for_deletion/Log/2005_November_26. Arniep 22:37, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

RFC on User:Antidote
Hello, I believe this person was responsible for mass voting on Jewish articles and numerous other disruptions to Jewish lists dating back to March. They have used four accounts and anonymous ip address registered to BellSouth Inc. Atlanta, beginning 72.144, 65.9, 65.10, 65.11, 68.223 to engage in this disruption. See Requests_for_comment/Antidote, Requests_for_comment/Antidote/Contribution_table, Requests_for_comment/Antidote/User_comments, Requests_for_comment/Antidote/Voting. I would appreciate if you could endorse the request for comment at Requests_for_comment/Antidote, Regards, Arniep 15:44, 10 December 2005 (UTC)
 * please vote here Articles for deletion/List of Jewish inventors also, it is was nominated by User:Antidote. Arniep 20:20, 12 December 2005 (UTC)
 * this is the same user who removed your changes on List of Russian Jews in October, I have listed this dispute at Requests_for_comment/Antidote. Regards, Arniep 00:09, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

Attempt to remove all Jewish lists
Hi. An attempt is being made to force the deletion of all Jewish lists from Wikipedia. Please see the discussion at Wikipedia_talk:Centralized_discussion/Lists_by_religion-ethnicity_and_profession and my compromise proposals at Wikipedia_talk:Centralized_discussion/Lists_by_religion-ethnicity_and_profession. Thanks Arniep 10:07, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

Deleting Categories of Jewish Athletes
Hi. I know that this is an issue that has interested you in the past. At http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion#Category:Jewish_fencers some people are suggesting that Jewish athletes, beginning with Jewish Fencers, should be deleted. I do not think that is the correct approach, or consistent with wiki policy, and thought that others might want to weigh in on the discussion. --Epeefleche 23:49, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

Attempt to delete subcategory of Jewish athletes
Well, they are trying to delete a category of Jewish athletes again. This time, figure skaters. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion/Log/2007_April_14#Category:Jewish_figure_skaters. I pointed out to the originator of the attempt that we had addressed this general issue already with the main category and with Jewish fencers, where the attempts failed (due in part to your help). Still, they insist on trying to delete this category. Any help by your weighing in on the issue would be appreciated. Thanks again. --Epeefleche 00:25, 16 April 2007 (UTC)--Epeefleche 20:12, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

List of Jewish Inductees of the National Inventors Hall of Fame
List of Jewish Inductees of the National Inventors Hall of Fame has been proposed for deletion. An editor felt this information might be based on your own conclusions or research, rather than published ideas. Please review No original research for the relevant policy. If you can improve the article to address these concerns, please do so, citing sources.

If no one objects to the deletion within five days by removing the "prod" notice, the article may be deleted without further discussion. If you remove the prod notice, the deletion process will stop, but if an editor is still not satisfied that the article meets Wikipedia guidelines, it may be sent to Articles for deletion for consensus. NickelShoe (Talk) 13:21, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:LazarKr


text:
Talk:Picture Music International

or please suggest other name. Then move PMI (disambiguation) here

 * Done as requested :). Ryan Norton T 11:15, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Picture Music International


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User:Mynameisbob~enwiki

Hi, Mynameisbob

Welcome to my user page.

You will find nothing here yet.

Come back later:)

If you have any info on vitamin k(or articles)please email me(That isn't on wikipedia).

title: User:Mynameisbob~enwiki


text:
George Dunning

George Garnett Dunning (November 17th. 1920 - February 15th. 1979) was a Canadian filmmaker and animator. He is best known for producing and directing the 1968 film Yellow Submarine.

Biography
Dunning was born in Toronto and studied at the Ontario College of Art & Design, then worked as a freelance illustrator. In 1943, he became the second artist to be recruited by the National Film Board of Canada's Norman McLaren. Between 1944 and 1950, he co-created ten films, including the award-winning Cadet Rousselle, and developed his skills at animating articulated, painted, metal cut-outs. In 1948, Dunning traveled to Paris and spent a year working for UNESCO under the mentorship of the Czech animator Berthold Bartosch and furthering his experiments with painting on glass. He returned to Canada in 1949, and he and colleague Colin Low took a leave of absence to work on an adaptation of The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (the production was too ambitious and the film was abandoned). Dunning made one more film for the NFB–Family Tree, which he animated and co-directed with Evelyn Lambart. It won two international awards, and a special Canadian Film Award for "outstanding animation".

In 1950, Dunning and colleague Jim MacKay left the NFB to found Toronto's first private animation studio, Graphic Associates, which produced commercials (including the first colour commercial produced in Canada), design work and educational film-strips. It also gave first jobs to budding artists such as Michael Snow, Joyce Wieland and Richard Williams. But the company was not profitable. In 1955, Dunning left for New York; McKay turned Graphic Associates into the successful production company Film Design Ltd.

Dunning moved to New York to accept a post with United Productions of America (UPA) and spent a year as an animator on the series The Gerald McBoing-Boing Show. In 1956, UPA sent him to London to manage its office there, but UPA was in financial trouble and the London office was soon shut down. Dunning decided to start his own production company; he had met John Coates, a London producer who was the nephew of film mogul J. Arthur Rank. Dunning needed someone to manage the business side of his company and the two went into partnership, founding TV Cartoons Ltd. in 1957. By 1961, TVC was producing about one hundred commercials a year, but Dunning also made many personal short films noted for their surrealistic atmosphere and Kafkaesque themes. The Flying Man earned him the Annecy Festival Grand Prix in 1962, while The Apple won the 1963 BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film.

TVC's other 'bread-and-butter' work was training films for the National Coal Board, for which he created the memorable characters Thud and Blunder. In 1967, Dunning created the film Canada is My Piano for the triple rotating screen at the Canadian Pavilion at Expo 67. His 1973 anti-drug film The Maggot won another Annecy Festival award, for Best Information Film.

From 1965 to 1967, Dunning was the main producer of the cartoon series The Beatles. This led to the assignment for Yellow Submarine. The job was highly problematic. While a Disney feature took four years to make, Dunning was given one year, and just $1 million. To meet the deadline, Dunning quadrupled his staff and, aided by Coates and art director Heinz Edelmann, supervised as many as 200 artists. He quarreled with his client, Al Brodax at King Features Syndicate, and the Beatles weren't interested in being involved, only agreeing at the last minute to take part in a live-action epilogue. As Dunning made the film for a flat fee, and made up budget over-runs with his own funds, TVC lost money on the film. But "Yellow Submarine" was a smash hit, bringing Dunning a New York Film Critics Circle award and immense prestige.

While he is not credited, it is believed that Dunning was responsible for the opening credits of Blake Edwards' A Shot in the Dark, along with a series of shorts, including The Digger, for the BBC's Vision On series. His final project, an animated version of Shakespeare's The Tempest, was never completed.

By January 1979, long-standing health issues had come to the fore; Dunning died of a heart attack at his home in London on February 15, 1979, at age 58. His 51 percent of TVC London passed to his wife, Faye. However she had cancer and died the following August. The couple had no children, so their shares reverted to Coates who feared that, without Dunning, clients would no longer be interested in working with the firm. That was not the case, and TVC London continued on, very successfully, until it was sold to Varga Studio in 1999.

Filmography

 * Envoyons d'l'avant nos gens, Chants populaires No. 2 - animated short, National Film Board of Canada 1943 - animator and co-director with Jean-Paul Ladouceur
 * Là-bas sur ces montagnes, Chants populaires No. 3 - animated short, National Film Board of Canada 1943 - animator and co-director with Jim MacKay
 * Filez, filez, ô mon navire, Chants populaires No. 4 - animated short, National Film Board of Canada 1943 - animator and co-director with Jim MacKay
 * Grim Pastures - cartoon, National Film Board of Canada 1944 - animator, director
 * Keep Your Mouth Shut - animated short, National Film Board of Canada, Norman McLaren 1944 - animator
 * Back to Normal - documentary short, National Film Board of Canada 1944 - producer, director
 * The Three Blind Mice - animated film, National Film Board of Canada 1945 - director, co-animator with Robert Verrall and Grant Munro
 * Cadet Rousselle - documentary short, National Film Board of Canada 1946 - director, co-animator with Colin Low
 * Christmas Carols - animated film, National Film Board of Canada 1947 - director, co-animator with Robert Verrall, Grant Munro, Colin Low, Helen MacKay and Lyle Enright
 * Family Tree - documentary short, National Film Board of Canada 1950 - animator, co-director with Evelyn Lambart
 * The Gerald McBoing-Boing Show - The Election/The Fifty-First Dragon/Twirlinger Twins in the Ballet Lesson -TV series episode, United Productions of America 1956 - animator
 * The Wardrobe - cartoon, TV Cartoons 1958 - animator, producer, director
 * The Story of the Motor Car Engine - animated documentary, Industrial Animation for Ford Motor Company, Erwin Broner and Richard Williams 1958 - producer
 * Power Train - animated training film, Industrial Animation for Ford Motors, Jimmy T. Murakami 1960 - writer, producer
 * Redemption of a Retailer - animated film, TV Cartoons, Bill Sewell 1961 - producer, director
 * The Ever-Changing Motor Car - animated documentary, TV Cartoons for Ford Motor Company 1962 - co-producer with Robert Adams, co-director with Alan Ball
 * The Flying Man - cartoon, TV Cartoons 1962 - animator, producer, director
 * The Apple - animated short, TVC London 1962 - animator, director
 * Mr. Know-How in Hot Water - animated short, Industrial Animation, Bill Sewell 1962 - producer
 * Mr. Know-How in All-Round Comfort - animated short, Industrial Animation, Bill Sewell 1963 - producer
 * Discovery - Penicillin - documentary, TVC London, Denis Rich 1964 - producer
 * The First Adventures of Thud and Blunder - training film, National Coal Board, Bill Sewell 1964 - producer
 * Thud and Blunder: Knock-Off Time - training film, National Coal Board, Alan Ball 1964 - producer
 * Thud and Blunder: Haulage Hazards - training film, National Coal Board, Bill Sewell 1964 - producer
 * The Insects - animated film, TVC London, Jimmy T. Murakami 1964 - co-producer with Jimmy T. Murakami
 * Charley -TV movie, TVC London 1965 - producer, director
 * Kindred Spirit Scotch Whisky's Guide to International Relations - animated TV film, TVC London, Alan Ball, 1965 - producer
 * The Loco - training film, National Coal Board, 1965 - producer, director
 * The Beatles - TV series, TVC London et al. 1965-1967 - producer (33 episodes)
 * The Helmet - training film, National Coal Board, 1966 - producer, director
 * The Roof - training film, National Coal Board, 1966 - producer, director
 * Safety Boots - training film, National Coal Board, 1966 - producer, director
 * Thud and Blunder: Materials Handling - training film, National Coal Board, Bill Sewell 1966 - producer
 * Canada is My Piano - animated short film, National Film Board of Canada and Expo 67 - writer, producer, director
 * The Chair - short film, Bill Sewell 1967 - producer
 * The Ladder - short film, 1967 - producer, director
 * Shaped for a Living - animated film, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 1967 - creator, co-producer with John Arnold
 * Tidy Why - training film, National Coal Board, Bill Sewell 1964 - producer
 * Yellow Submarine - feature, TVC London/Apple Corps/King Features Syndicate 1968 - animator, director
 * Lazy River - animated film, TVC London 1968 - producer, director
 * Discovering Radar - animated film, TVC London, Jim Duffy and John Fletcher 1968 - producer
 * Cod Fishing - animated film, TVC London, Bill Sewell 1969 - producer
 * Hands, Knees and Bumps a Daisy - training film, National Coal Board, 1969 - producer, director
 * A Sense of Responsibility - training film, National Coal Board, Alan Ball 1970 - producer
 * The Self-Breathing Apparatus - documentary short, TVC London, Alan Ball 1970 - producer
 * Moon Rock -short film, TVC London 1970 - producer, director
 * Horses of Death - training film, National Coal Board 1972, producer, co-director with Jim Duffy
 * Damon the Mower - short film, TVC London 1972 - animator, producer, director
 * How Not to Keep a Head While Shot-Firing - training film, National Coal Board, 1973  producer, co-director with Jim Duffy
 * The Maggot - short film, TVC London 1973 - producer, director
 * Plant a Tree - documentary short, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 1973 - director, producer
 * Dandruff - cartoon, TVC London, Jim Duffy 1973 - co-producer with Jim Duffy
 * Five Problems in Communications - training film, National Coal Board, Jim Duffy 1974 - producer
 * Along These Lines - documentary short, Bell Canada, Peter Pearson 1974 - animator
 * Teamwork - training film, National Coal Board, Jim Duffy 1975 - producer
 * Safety Senses - training film, National Coal Board, Jim Duffy 1975 - producer
 * The Devil May Care - training film, National Coal Board, Jim Duffy 1975 - producer

Awards
Cadet Rousselle (1946)
 * Filmfestival del Garda, Gardone Riviera: Award of Merit, 1949
 * American Film and Video Festival, New York: Blue Ribbon, 1960
 * Columbus International Film & Animation Festival, Columbus, Ohio: Chris Statuette, 1961
 * Columbus International Film & Animation Festival, Columbus, Ohio: Chris Certificate, Education, Art and Music, 1961

Family Tree (1950)
 * Salerno Film Festival, Salerno: First Prize – Grand Award, Best of All Entries, 1951
 * 3rd Canadian Film Awards, Ottawa: Special Award for Outstanding Animation and Musical Score, 1951
 * Rapallo International Film Festival, Rapallo: Second Prize, Art Films, 1957

Buffoons (1950)
 * 3rd Canadian Film Awards, Ottawa: Special Citation, 1951

The Flying Man (1962)
 * Annecy Festival, Annecy: Grand Prix, 1962

The Apple (1962)
 * Locarno Film Festival, Locarno: Best Animated Film, Short Films, 1962
 * 16th British Academy Film Awards, London: BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film, 1963

Yellow Submarine (1968)
 * National Society of Film Critics Circle, New York: Special Award for Feature-Length Animation, 1968
 * Locarno Film Festival, Locarno: Special Mention, Feature Films, 1968

The Maggot (1973)
 * Annecy Festival, Annecy: Best Information Film, 1973

title: George Dunning


text:
Byron Dafoe

Byron Dafoe (born February 25, 1971) is a British-Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He was born in Worthing, England, United Kingdom and moved to Comox, British Columbia with his mother at the age of two months. Between 1992 and 2004, he played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Washington Capitals, Los Angeles Kings, Boston Bruins and Atlanta Thrashers.

Junior and minor leagues
Dafoe has played for WHL sides Portland Winter Hawks (1986–1990) and Prince Albert Raiders (1990–1991), ECHL side Hampton Roads Admirals, AHL sides Baltimore Skipjacks (1991–1992 and 1992–1993), New Haven Nighthawks (1992) and Portland Pirates (1993–1994 and 1994–1995), and IHL side Phoenix Roadrunners. He was voted a First Team AHL All-Star in 1993-94 and won a Calder Cup championship that season with the Portland Pirates.

During Dafoe's time with the Winter Hawks, he had an on-ice fistfight with Tri-City Americans goaltender Olaf Kölzig, someone with whom he would go on to have a friendly rivalry in the NHL—so friendly that they served as each other's best man when they got married. He and Kolzig also had a "friendly" fight later in their NHL careers on November 21, 1998, when the Boston Bruins took on the Washington Capitals. During the game, a fight broke out that was so violent and all encompassing, the goalies (Dafoe and Kolzig) also got caught up in it. The fight between the goalies was primarily comedic, with both Dafoe and Kolzig laughing as they landed punches.

Washington Capitals
Dafoe was drafted 35th overall in the second round of the 1989 NHL Entry Draft by the Washington Capitals, and made his NHL debut in the 1992–93 NHL season. Dafoe was one of two goalies taken by Washington in that draft, as they used their first round pick to select Olaf Kölzig. After appearing in just one game in 1992–93, Dafoe got into five the next season while veterans Don Beaupre and Rick Tabaracci handled the bulk of the work. In the 1994–95 NHL season Dafoe suited up for four games, in part due to the emergence of another second round pick, 1992 selection Jim Carey, who took the NHL by storm as a rookie. The Capitals had an abundance of riches in goal and packaged Dafoe with winger Dmitri Khristich and traded them to the Los Angeles Kings for a first and fourth round draft pick.

Los Angeles Kings
With the Kings, Dafoe not only became an NHL regular but stepped into the starter's role while the previous incumbent, Kelly Hrudey, became his backup. Dafoe played 47 games but won just 14 with a struggling Kings club and posted the worst goals against and save percentage numbers on the team. The following year, Hrudey was with the San Jose Sharks, and Dafoe shared the crease with Stephane Fiset. The duo posted very similar numbers for the club, but in the offseason, the Kings made Fiset their goaltender going forward and Dafoe was again packaged with Dmitri Khristich, and dealt to the Boston Bruins.

Boston Bruins
With the Bruins, he stepped into the starter's role, pushing aside Jim Carey, who had replaced him back in Washington. Dafoe excelled in Boston, playing 65 games and posting 30 wins with 6 shutouts. The following season, Dafoe helped the Bruins return to the playoffs and win a postseason series. He posted career-best numbers in 1998-99 with a 1.99 goals against average and a .926 save percentage. He finished third in voting for the Vezina Trophy, and was named to the NHL Second All-Star Team, edging out Curtis Joseph in the voting.

Dafoe held out for part of the 1999–2000 season during a contract dispute with Bruins general manager Harry Sinden, and in his return suffered injuries, resulting in a regression from his previous year. He spent three more seasons in Boston, and after playing 41 and 45 games the previous two seasons, in 2002 he played 64 games and won a career-best 35 of them, setting himself up nicely for a new contract. However, when Boston was upset by the Montreal Canadiens in the 2002 post season the Bruins let Dafoe become a free agent.

That summer, the free agent pool included a lot of top netminders including Mike Richter, Ed Belfour and Curtis Joseph, and while the aforementioned earned new contracts, Dafoe remained a free agent as the 2002-03 season began. Nearly two months into the season, Dafoe agreed to a one-year deal with a player's option for a second to join the Atlanta Thrashers.

Atlanta Thrashers
Thrashers general manager Don Waddell was thrilled to add Dafoe to his club, saying "He's a proven goaltender. His stats prove he's not only a No. 1 goaltender, but one of the top goaltenders in this elite league of the NHL." That optimism proved to be misplaced as Dafoe struggled mightily in Atlanta, posting just five wins in 17 games, and a bloated 4.36 goals against average. He exercised his player option and returned for the 2003-04 season and while his play improved with the goals against cut down dramatically to 3.14, he was an afterthought for the club playing just 18 games and winning only four.

Dafoe retired from professional hockey following the 2004–05 NHL lockout.

Personal life
Along with fellow NHL players Olaf Kölzig and Scott Mellanby, Dafoe is a founder of Athletes Against Autism, as his son has autism. Dafoe has two sons and resides in Kelowna, British Columbia, running a custom home electrical fit-out business.

Acting career
In 1999, Dafoe played himself in an episode of The Jersey called "Ouch" where Morgan Hudson (played by Courtnee Draper) uses a magical jersey as she jumps into his body in order to get some "real" playing time.

title: Byron Dafoe


text:
Cayuga White

Cayuga White is a mid-season ripening wine grape developed from crosses of the Vitis labrusca hybrids Schuyler and Seyval Blanc at Cornell University's New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva, New York. It is a hardy vine with some bunch-rot disease resistance. In warmer climates it should be picked at lower sugars to avoid overripe, sometimes labrusca-like, flavors; however this has not been observed in cooler climates such as the Finger Lakes and Pacific Northwest, where desirable, Riesling-type flavors are tasted in fully ripe Cayuga fruit. Picked at the proper time, it can produce a very nice sparkling wine with good acid balance, structure, and pleasant aromas, or a fruity white wine similar to a Riesling or Viognier. One advantage of Cayuga is that, if harvested unripe (e.g., in a shorter summer in cool climates), it can still make a good wine, albeit one with more green apple flavors in that case.

This grape, when grown on mature vines in fertile soil, can produce astonishing yields. If allowed to set fully on thirty-year-old vines in Aurora, Oregon, Cayuga's yield has been measured at over 13 tons per acre, though in that case a "green harvest" (removing much of the fruit before the final phase of the ripening cycle) is advised, so that the vine can more fully ripen the remaining fruit.

Cayuga is relatively easy to make wine from. In cooler climates, it retains enough acid that a residual sugar level is advised, in order to achieve balance in the palate. Cayuga is grown in small regions in Ohio.

In one informal survey of grape breeders who grow hybrid grapes and make wine from them, Cayuga was the most-popular answer to the question "Which hybrid grape is the easiest to grow and make good wine from?"

It can also be seen in the vineyards in Rhode Island, such as Greenvale, a similar climate to the Finger Lakes for wine grape growing.

title: Cayuga White


text:
William de Silva

Peduru Hewage William de Silva (8 December 1908 – 30 July 1988) was a 20th-century Marxist/Trotskyist Sri Lankan politician.

P. H. William de Silva was born at Kahatapitiya in Batapola, Ambalangoda, Ceylon, to a wealthy land-owning family. He received his elementary education at Batapola Mixed School and secondary education at St John's College, Panadura, Richmond College, Galle, and Ananda College, Colombo. He studied for one year at the University College Colombo (now the University of Colombo) and then travelled to England for further studies at University College, Oxford.

While in England, William de Silva joined the India League and a Marxist study group with other Ceylonese students in London. He then returned to Ceylon and joined the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP). During World War II, he was an anti-war movement leader and was imprisoned in Bogambara Prison and Badulla Prison in Sri Lanka (1943–45). He became a Ceylonese Member of Parliament in 1947 and 1953. He was leader of the All-Ceylon Estate Workers Union and Vice-President of the All-Ceylon Congress of Samasamaja Youth Leagues. He separated from the LSSP in October 1953 and joined the Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party (VLLSP). He was the founding leader of Mahajana Eksath Peramuna. He was Cabinet Minister of Industries and Fisheries in S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike's SLFP-MEP coalition government (1956–59). He became a member of parliament in 1960 and was Vice-President of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. In 1970, he became the Ceylon High Commissioner to Canada.

De Silva died aged 79.

title: William de Silva


text:
User:Jdavidb/Talkarchive top

 * This page is an archive of my talk page. Please do not modify it. If you would like to comment about anything on this page, please use my talk page.  No further edits should be made to this page.

title: User:Jdavidb/Talkarchive top


text:
Talk:The Settlers (1993 video game)

Reinstated removed paragraph
The following paragraph was removed, with the comment that it had "little to do with" the game. Like most other civilization/city/empire construction games, The Settlers is a (possibly unintentional) simulation of either Communism or extreme Feudalism, in that every citizen works together for the common good (or is forced to). The economy is centrally directed, by the player, and during long games suffers from some of the problems of centralized systems: shortages, bottlenecks, inefficiencies and an increasing burden of micromanagement. Whoever this was, please elaborate, as I think it couldn't be more relevant. I have reinstated it for now. --Jmstylr 17:00, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree it's an interesting paragraph to have.Rvalles 00:29, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll restore the last sentence as well, since I'm familiar with the game and can attest that it's very, very true. --Kizor 15:38, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Hm, I was beaten to that. My bad. --Kizor 17:57, 27 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It was me who made that removal comment. When I was reading the article, I just found the paragraph to be neither very accurate nor placed in the right article: In the game, you use gold to motivate your soldiers, so I don't think it does simulate communism. And then, with the "little to do", I meant, the paragraph is too general to be here, i.e. it is relevant to a lot of games, not only this. Maybe it should be moved to the article about Real-time_strategy? I don't have much experience with Wikipedia, but I would think, someone looking up real time strategy games in general is much more interested in the above paragraph than someone looking for information about this specific game. --Allefant 16:09, 27 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree that the game has no political resemblance to communism (indeed, isn't the game called Serf City in some places?), but the problems of the game are exactly the problems of centrally directed economies, as detailed in the second sentence. You could also be right that the paragraph applies to many games, but I believe it especially applies to this one. --Jmstylr 12:50, 30 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I reformulated the paragraph now a bit (a lot). I removed the political (and therefore POV) connotation, and made it specific to the game by connecting it all to the roads net in Settlers 1. So now, it should keep the interesting aspects which are relevant to this article, but solve the two original problems. --Allefant 09:56, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
 * While I dislike the reformulation (it no longer links real-world centralized economies with the in-game centralized economy), I am willing to leave it be to avoid a long flamewar over a trivial matter :) Out of interest, am I right in thinking that you don't believe centralized economies suffer from the aforementioned problems? --Jmstylr 13:20, 5 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks! And I do believe they had those problems, I'm just a) not sure the reasons are the same as in Settlers 1, and b) don't think this article is the place to state either way :) --Allefant 01:37, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

VGA / SVGA
From my talk page User_talk:Fred chessplayer

''First of all, thank you for your contributions; I particulary saw your work on The Settlers article and liked most of it. Now, I've seen you've replaced the image in The Settlers with Image:The_Settlers_VGA.png. I didn't like it at first, but I've put the original one back again without removing the new one you placed because I wanted to first discuss this with you.''

Now, my questions:

 * In my version of "The Settlers", SVGA is just an option in options menu. Do two versions (VGA and SVGA) of the game really exist? If you can elaborate on that on the article, It'll make the article nicer and me happier.
 * Your image is sized the same than the one I originally placed (640x480), but yours is from the non-SVGA mode. It is both obviosly upscaled and does have some black border. Shouldn't it be 320x200 or something more like the original VGA 256-color modes? How did you take that screenshot?.

''Thank you. Rvalles 02:02, 3 November 2005 (UTC)''

 * After researching, it appears I was wrong in my assumption that the original version did not have SVGA. (I have only played VGA). VGA is however standard 640x480 256 colors. // Fred-Chess 14:52, 3 November 2005 (UTC)
 * This doesn't work ;) VGA and SVGA modes cannot be the same resolution and the same number of colors (!). The VGA chipset doesn't support 640x480 at 256 colors, just 16. And does indeed support 320x200 at 256 colors (Mode 13h). The image you did post seems like that, but it is scaled up to be a bit bigger. My guess is that you used something like DosBOX with scaling turned on. I personally played on Amiga, and on PC with SVGA turned on recently, with DosBOX, which I used to make the screenshot I had upped.Rvalles 23:29, 3 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I think, the VGA screenshot should be re-made as a 320x200 screenshot, but both should be kept, since on the Amiga and also on PC most people did play with 320x200 resolution - I remember that my card wouldn't work with SVGA back then. Should there also be a 3rd screenshot from the Amiga? Because it had only 32 (I think) colors, it looks somewhat different there. --Allefant 10:24, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
 * You are right of course 640x480 with 16 colors... -- however SVGA is at least 800x600, or higher...
 * Or 640x480 at more colors than VGA would allow :)Rvalles 03:02, 5 November 2005 (UTC)
 * My own screenshot was just found on the internet, there is no copyright of screenshots I think (although I think there should be, but I'm not the lawmaker around here). If you can provade an amiga screenshot, go ahead!
 * Fred-Chess 17:34, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
 * PS. Erm, well to clarify myself, I mean that "the person creating the screenshot does not hold a copyright of it.
 * Well, there's UAE :) I added an Amiga screenshot from it, and also improved the quality of the VGA one. --Allefant 20:25, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Well done... I was going to, but you beat me to it :) Do you know if Amiga version supported AGA graphics? I played it with OCS (A500, 1mb chip), but it had tons of options that would be enabled only on more capable Amigas. I guess I should just get hold of those adf images and try with e-uae on my fastest Linux box :).Rvalles 03:02, 5 November 2005 (UTC)
 * It doesn't, but it does make use of hard drives and extra memory to allow for more sound/music and larger maps. It auto-detects everythign and adjusts itself to the system, which is somethign too few Amiga games did.

Release date
Mobygames claim the Settlers was out for the PC in 1994, I updated the article to reflect this but I'm not 100% sure Mobygames's claim is right.--Anss123 14:27, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

Wrong cover box
The cover box is currently (March 16 2007) showing "The Settlers II 10th Anniversary box art" which certainly is not the box for THIS game. I suggest either replacing it with the proper box (there's "Serf City", "Die Siedler" (German, so inappropriate) and hopefully there is one "The Settlers", but I haven't seen it) Cyborg 16:45, 16 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. Do you know where we could obtain such an image, to be uploaded under fair use? --Allefant 00:36, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

Ingame Music?
I used to play this game all the time when I was younger and I'm a little bit curious about the in-game music. A couple of days ago I was listening to a Heavy Metal music podcast called MetalCast. They had an episode in which the played old demo tapes and they one song by a band called Falkenbach from a 1995 demo. In the middle of the song they began playing a melody that I recognized even though I had never heard the song before. It was the main melody from the in-game music in Settlers!!! So now I wonder, is the in-game music an original composition or is the music taken from some old folk song? 83.233.110.96 18:40, 16 August 2007 (UTC)
 * The article on Falkenbach has a link to their official website, which has a forum - maybe they will tell where the melody is from if you ask there? --Allefant 23:31, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Settlers-uae.png
Image:Settlers-uae.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 08:12, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

purchase the game
Does anyone have a link to the Amazon page for this game (the DOS port) or atleast a Gamestop or other online store where I can get this game, all I can find is information on the Amiga port.--xgmx (talk) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.245.21.176 (talk) 02:46, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

Settlers for Nintendo DS
The link from the list of Nintendo DS games links to this page. When infact the game is actualy the PC version of The Settlers II NOT I. I do not know if the mission pack is included or not. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 114.78.6.178 (talk) 16:01, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

Reviews
lists some reviews. I think it would be good if someone who knows how could include some of them in the reception section. I don't think the one review currently mentioned seems very representative. brtkrbzhnv 14:08, 20 June 2010 (UTC)

What's innovative about this game?
The current wiki article states the game "it was the first game blending together principles that had not been seen before". This tells us nothing. I can't get much more clarity from the reference either. Relevant, because someone sais this game should be mentioned on the general article about RTS.PizzaMan (talk) 11:55, 21 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Until this question gets answered, i'm gonna at least remove the vague claim. PizzaMan (♨♨) 15:54, 25 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Settlers (1993 video game)


text:
User:Jmulvey

Hello World!

title: User:Jmulvey


text:
Avebury Manor and Garden

Avebury Manor & Garden is a National Trust property consisting of a Grade I listed early-16th-century manor house and its surrounding garden. It is in Avebury, near Marlborough, Wiltshire, England, in the centre of the village next to St James's Church and close to the Avebury neolithic henge monument.

History
The manor house was built on or near the site of Avebury Priory, a Benedictine cell or priory of the Abbey of Saint-Georges, Boscherville, Normandy, founded in 1114. Subsequently, the estate passed into the ownership of Fotheringhay College, Northamptonshire, in 1411. Fragments of the religious foundation were incorporated into the later house.

William Sharington bought and surveyed the manor in 1548, suggesting alterations to the existing building. The earliest parts of the present house were probably built after William Dunch of Little Wittenham in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire) purchased the estate in 1551. It was some distance from most of his lands which centred on Wittenham, but he appears to have purchased it because of an interest in ancient monuments such as the Avebury stone circles. Around that time, a stone dovecote was erected in the grounds. In the 1580s, Dunch passed it on to his younger son, Walter, whose daughter, Deborah, Lady Moody, grew up at the manor before emigrating to America and founding Gravesend in Brooklyn in 1645.

After Walter Dunch's death in 1594, his widow, Deborah, married Sir James Mervyn or Marvyn (who served as High Sheriff of Wiltshire in 1596), and the couple were responsible for a major extension or remodelling of the house around 1601, especially the south range. In 1640 the Dunch family sold it to John Stawell, and the estate was sequestered when he was accused of treason in 1646. It was sold to George Long in 1652 but restored to Stawell in 1660 on his release from the Tower of London.

20th century
The house has had many extensions and changes over the centuries, including the addition of a racquets court in the 18th century, the final addition being the West Library which was added by the family of Leopold C. D. Jenner who occupied the house in the early 20th century and completely redesigned the gardens. The house was leased and restored by Alexander Keiller, heir to the James Keiller & Son marmalade business, who took an intense interest in Avebury henge in the late 1930s.

In 1955 the rate of destruction of country houses had reached its peak, at one house every five days. The fate of Avebury Manor was in serious doubt when Keiller, whose excavations of the henge had been ended by the outbreak of war in 1939, put it up for sale. Few at the time were interested in the national heritage and the prospects for the manor were bleak. At this point Sir Francis Knowles stepped in and purchased Avebury Manor from Keiller. The Times described Knowles as "a fundamental scientist of outstanding calibre". He set about the restoration of the house which became an absorbing love as he learnt much about its construction, and claimed to have uncovered the signs of Gothic arches in the north east corner which had been filled in during Elizabethan times. The family lived partly in cottages on the estate and partly in the house over the following three years, as the works progressed with substantial financial help from the Ministry of Works.

In May 1956, the house was amongst the first of the smaller houses to be opened to the public. In 1958 it was designated Grade I. In 1948 Knowles had married Ruth Jessie Brooke-Smith, the daughter of the Rev Arthur Brooke-Smith. They brought up a large family at the manor: one son, Charles Francis (b. 1951) who later succeeded to the baronetcy, and three daughters, as well as a stepdaughter born to Ruth and her first husband, Dickie Hulse, an RAF fighter pilot killed in action during the Second World War.

The Knowles children recall it as a magical place in which to grow up, with acres of space to roam. They helped in all aspects of the early years of rather amateurish historic house tourism: using a surplus Second World War field telephone between the tour guide (often an au pair with a vivid imagination) and the ticket office, serving teas, and helping themselves to coins from the wishing well to buy ice-creams from Sumbler's, the butchers just outside the gates. "Many would remember Francis as a most excellent host. Particularly memorable, however, was his hospitality at his beautiful Elizabethan house at Avebury, where he and his wife, Ruth, entertained so many people." Set against this background, remote from academic biology, he appeared to one of his colleagues as 'a fascinating man who would really have been more at home in the eighteenth century'. To another he gave proof that 'one could be both a distinguished scholar and a warm, vibrant person'.

By 1974 the rate of destruction of the country house had come to a near standstill. This was due not just to stricter application of legislation, but also the high-profile Destruction of the Country House exhibition held in 1974 by the Victoria and Albert Museum. Having preserved the house for future generations, Knowles died suddenly on 13 July of that year in London, at the age of 59. He is buried in the churchyard of St James, Avebury, next to the house he had restored.

In 1976, Knowles' widow sold the house to Michael Brudenell-Bruce, 8th Marquess of Ailesbury. After the Brudenell-Bruces left in 1981, it was bought in 1988 by property developer Ken King, who caused local controversy by making changes without planning permission and opening an "Elizabethan experience" visitor attraction which included a faux torture chamber in an old storeroom. After King's bankruptcy the house was bought in 1991 by the National Trust.

Visitor attraction
The National Trust keep the house open to the general public. The garden was completely redesigned in the early 20th century. The topiary and other formal gardens are contained within walls and clipped box, creating numerous "rooms".

In 2011, Avebury Manor was the subject of the BBC One television series The Manor Reborn, in which the house was refurbished by a group of experts in collaboration with the National Trust. The four-part series was presented by actress Penelope Keith (the title of the series refers to her earlier television work, To the Manor Born) and former antiques dealer Paul Martin, with contributions from experts including Dan Cruickshank (on architecture).

, visitors are encouraged to touch and experience the furnishings and objects in the rooms which now represent periods in the house from the 16th century to the early 20th century.

The house is reputedly haunted.

title: Avebury Manor and Garden


text: User talk:69.141.36.60

title: User talk:69.141.36.60


text:
User:Jdavidb/Talkarchive bottom

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of my talk page. Please do not modify it.  If you would like to comment about anything on this page, please use my talk page.  No further edits should be made to this page.

title: User:Jdavidb/Talkarchive bottom


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/G3 microsystems

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 07:39, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

G3 microsystems
Advertisement for a small company JoanneB 17:01, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Adcruft.--Isotope23 19:03, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Blatant spam (sorry Georgiepooh). But OMG this is funny stuff! I just had to save it for his posterior's sake:
 * "The G3 Microsystems was founded in 2005 by no on other than, George Kuruvila. He, through no coincidence is the computer industry's chief executive officer. He has accomplished this based on a simple concept. He decided to sell personal computer systems directly to customers. His direct selling empowered G3 with the knowledge, so he could best understand his consumer’s needs; and provide the most comprehensive computing solutions that met those needs." (emphasis mine)
 * So who knew we all had the same boss, huh? Spinnnn that lack of experience, Georgie baby!!! Ok, I've been AfD'ing for 6 hours now. I need a break. lol Eaglizard 15:12, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Advert and boring! --Colin99 20:42, 9 October 2005 (UTC)]]
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Wikipedia:Dispute resolution reform

 * WP:DRR now redirects to Requesting dispute resolution

There have been a number of general proposals in recent months regarding exploring, discussing, and eventually instituting substantial changes ("reforms") to the Dispute resolution (DR) process.

These ideas for DR reform (DRR) come largely in the context of perceived problems with the current overall system, and specifically with the processes used by Arbitration Committee and Mediation Committees, as well as the staffing of these committees. Such include:

 * DR (AC, MC, AMA, RFC) scalability to appropriately match rapid community growth.
 * scale problems affect the degree to which Arbitrators can deal appropriately with cases in a detailed way.
 * scale problems affect the degree of fatigue Arbitration Committee members experience in fulfilling their duties.
 * with regard to the current roles and powers
 * role of the Mediation Committee with respect to its relationship to the Arbcom
 * role of the Association of Members' Advocates with respect to the overall DR process
 * role of the Request for comment with respect to the specific DR cases

For the most part the specific reform proposals (DRRP #) have similar aspects, in general each stating that:
 * DR staffing should be expanded
 * the current DR process should be reviewed
 * that any DR process review be holistic in its approach
 * that any DR process review be complete, to include all detail regarding statements of purpose and process for all committees,
 * that any DR process change from a closed process to an open and transparent process
 * that any major reform is a community-wide effort,
 * that requires polling and perhaps even voting on major changes
 * that the possibility of completely reforming the purpose of current existing committees is within the scope of reform,
 * that the possibility of forming entirely new committees, and establishing their purpose, is also within the scope of DRR

Beyond the above, ideas for DR reform fall into two general categories of Expansion and Tiered expansion

Simple Tier

 * The first proposal is a simple tiered DR system whereby the Mediation Committee is expanded to serve as a filter for the Arbitration Committee.
 * An expanded AMA has been proposed, in order to represent individuals within the DR

Complex Tier

 * Conceptually treat disputes as separate issues disputes (IDs) and conduct disputes (CDs).
 * Establish a tier of two subordinate committees to deal with each (IDC, CDC) with authority to make binding decisions.
 * reviewable by both the sister committee (IDC, CDC) and Arbcom.
 * Elevate the current Arbcom to an oversight role in dealing with reviewing 1) committee actions, 2) case record, 3) body of policy, 4) specific appeals
 * Arbcom publicly delegates tasks to subcommittees related to specific issues handling, case record cleanup, policy cleanup.
 * Establish a "case body" that is annotated for specific reference as precedent in current case decisions
 * Arbcom and subcommittees are tasked with formally reviewing policy, and case appeals.
 * Integrate the case body with policy body through systematic crosslinking. (Perhaps giving a ranking to policies by hierarchy of primary to tertiary (and rejected) policy —NPOV, civility, etc.)

title: Wikipedia:Dispute resolution reform


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User:AztecConsulting

The virtual representation of Jeffrey Barnes, AztecConsulting is my user account here at wikipedia and everywhere else. A Senior Developer with GameStop, I have been in the computer and software industry for many, many years. I'll add more notes and links to this page shortly but I wanted to start updating the pages on Zoning first.

title: User:AztecConsulting


text:
Talk:Christopher Commission

Possible NPOV problem
I think the original author did a pretty good job on this. Apparently, so has everyone else that edited it, since comparing the original with the current version reveals mainly minor changes. However, I did have a little problem with the statement: "The city's negligence would bear bitter fruit ...". In addition to seemingly presenting a single POV, the linked article doesn't back up the implied assertion here that failure to implement the reforms was a factor in the resulting scandal. Mdotley 18:08, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

Dead Links
The external links do not currently link to anything at Human Rights Watch. Looking at their site, I was unable to find a new PDF for the report yet. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Pvspencer22 (talk • contribs) 20:31, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Christopher Commission


text:
King-Kok Cheung

King-Kok Cheung is an American literary critic specializing in Asian American literature and is a professor in the department of English at UCLA.

Cheung grew up on Hong Kong Island.

Cheung received her Ph.D. in English from the University of California, Berkeley in 1984.

Selected bibliography
 * Asian American Literature: An Annotated Bibliography, 1988 (with Stan Yogi)
 * Articulate Silences: Hisaye Yamamoto, Maxine Hong Kingston', Joy Kogawa, 1993
 * An Interethnic Companion to Asian American Literature, 1996 (editor)
 * Words Matter: Conversations With Asian American Writers, 2000 (editor)
 * Seventeen Syllables and Other Stories. Revised and Updated with four new stories, 2001 (introduction)
 * Heath Anthology of American Literature, Fifth Edition, 2006 (co-editor)
 * Chinese American Literature Without Borders, 2016 (Author)

title: King-Kok Cheung


text:
William O'Brien (trade unionist)

William O'Brien (23 January 1881 – 31 October 1968) was a politician and trade unionist in Ireland. While rarely dominating the political spotlight, O'Brien was incredibly powerful and influential behind the scenes, maintaining a firm grip over Ireland's trade unions for many decades. Besides his leadership in the trade unions, O'Brien was a founder, alongside James Larkin and James Connolly, of the Labour Party of Ireland. In later years a rift formed between Larkin and O'Brien that would last the rest of their lives and often divide the labour movement in Ireland.

Early life
O'Brien was born in Ballygurteen, Clonakilty, County Cork on 23 January 1881, and was christened as 'John William'. He was the fourth child and third son of Daniel O'Brien of County Tipperary and Mary O'Brien (née Butler) of County Kilkenny. His father Daniel, an Irish nationalist, devout Catholic, and Irish-language revivalist had been a member of the Royal Irish Constabulary before retiring at the rank of Head Constable and moving the family to Dublin in 1886.

Upon moving to Dublin, O'Brien sought an occupation that could accommodate the fact he suffered from club foot and became a tailor.

Constructing the Irish Labour movement
It was not long after becoming involved in the tailor profession that O'Brien, like two of his brothers, became a trade union member, and from there he became involved in the Irish Socialist Republican Party (ISRP). O'Brien is described as "a very significant figure in the ISRP" by the historian of the ISRP, David Lynch. He was a member of the Socialist Party of Ireland, serving on its executive.

In 1908, believing in the importance of organising unskilled labourers, he supported the leadership of James Larkin in the formation of the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union. Together, O'Brien, Larkin and Connolly established the Labour Party of Ireland in 1912, in their minds as the "political wing" of the Irish Trades Union Congress. The three men's leadership would also be instrumental in the Dublin Lock-out strike in 1913, quite possibly the most significant trade union action of its era.

Easter Rising
O'Brien was not a direct participant in the 1916 Easter Rising, although he was highly active around Dublin as event unfolded. Possibly because of his club-foot, Connolly told O'Brien "go home now and stay there; you can be of no use now but may be of great service later on". Despite this, O'Brien visited the GPO on the second day of the fighting to converse with Connolly about the ongoing situation. It was at O'Brien's home that Connolly sent his son Roddy to stay. O'Brien also encountered and spoke to his friend Francis Sheehy-Skeffington during the events of the Rising, one day before the murder of Sheehy-Skeffington by British forces. Towards the end of Easter week, both O'Brien and Roddy were arrested by British forces, with O'Brien held under suspicion of being a "Sinn Féin leader". They were held in Richmond Barracks in Inchicore with most of the other captured rebel leaders such as Thomas McDonagh, Eamonn Ceannt and Major John MacBride. Eventually, O'Brien was sent to a prison in Knutsford in England while the other detainees were executed. He was not able to return to Ireland until July 1916 when a general amnesty was created. In the aftermath of the Rising, O'Brien was one of the few prominent labour leaders still remaining, with Connolly now dead and Larkin having departed for the United States in 1914 after the lockout.

Irish revolutionary period
A member of the Irish Neutrality League, and Anti-Conscription Committee, during the World War I, O'Brien was interned on several occasions by the Dublin Castle government. During one of these instances, he stood in the 1920 Stockport by-election as the "Irish Republican Workers Party" candidate to push the British Labour Party into a more active stance on Irish self-determination, although the Home Secretary Edward Shortt refused to release release him to campaign in it.

Upon the outbreak of the Irish War of Independence in 1920, ITGWU swelled to its largest ever size and some considered the possibility that the Irish Revolution would take a similar path to the Russian Revolution of 1917, with O'Brien playing the role of "an Irish Lenin" but taking the revolution in a Syndicalist direction. O'Brien and the other leaders of the Labour Party came to believe that massive unionisation rather than electoral politics was where their focus should lay. They also did not wish to impede the Nationalists from establishing an Independent Ireland separate from the United Kingdom. Thus, O'Brien and the Labour Party did not contest the 1918 Irish general election. They did, however, work together to draft the Democratic Programme, a document which had been intended to guide how the newly formed Irish state would operate.

O'Brien and the Labour Party did not oppose the Anglo-Irish Treaty. During the ensuing Irish Civil War between pro and anti-treaty forces, the Labour movement campaigned for peace between both sides but could not halt the violence.

Post-revolutionary period
With the formation of the Irish Free State, O'Brien was elected as Teachta Dála (TD) for Dublin South at the 1922 general election. He lost his seat at the 1923 general election.

In 1923 Larkin returned from the United States and attempted to resume command of the entire Irish labour movement despite a decade's absence and not being present for the revolutionary period. In response, O'Brien sought to limit the powers of the ITWGU general secretary position. Larkin would not stand for this measure and generated a split by creating his own general worker's union, the Workers' Union of Ireland. This was the start of a long and terrible feud between O'Brien and Larkin that would ultimately see a decline in the influence of both unions, and Larkin generally kept out of the Labour Party.

O'Brien was elected for the Tipperary constituency in June 1927, losing his seat in September 1927. He was elected again for Tipperary at the 1937 general election, and lost his seat at the 1938 general election.

In 1930, O'Brien sought to have Leon Trotsky granted asylum in Ireland, but the head of the Free State government, W. T. Cosgrave, refused to allow it.

In 1944, there was an attempt made by Labour branches in Dublin to welcome Larkin back into the party. This resulted in accusations that the Labour Party was "being taken over by Communists". In response, O'Brien, James Everett and a number of followers broke away from Labour and formed the National Labour Party. The party would contest two general elections before reuniting with the Labour party in 1950.

Ideologically, O'Brien was a Reformist and Democratic Socialist, believing that Irish socialists should bring about socialism via the ballot box, not through violence or direct action. Despite his Easter Rising links, he consistently avoided endorsing militancy as a tool of the labour movement in Ireland. This viewpoint contrasted strongly to the beliefs of Larkin and was partially why the two could not agree to co-operate. Only once did O'Brien seriously consider militancy; during the dawn of the Irish Civil War and fearing the worst, O'Brien and other Labour leaders turned towards the Irish Citizen Army, proposing the concept of a "Workers' Army", of which the ICA would form the nucleus. However, this idea was rebuffed. O'Brien was once asked if he was disappointed that the Irish electorate hadn't used their new parliamentary democracy to push for a stronger socialist presence, O'Brien reaffirmed his view by stating:

Despite their differences, in 1953 Larkin conceded that "William O'Brien was the only colleague of his who ever really worked".

Active in politics and the trade union movement into his 60s, O'Brien retired in 1946 and died on 31 October 1968. He was buried in Glasnevin cemetery, Dublin, on 3 November.

title: William O'Brien (trade unionist)


text:
Neuticles

Neuticles are prosthetic testicular implants for neutered dogs and other domestic animals. The implants may be made of polypropylene or silicone.

History
Gregg Miller developed the idea for Neuticles after his bloodhound, Buck, was castrated to stop his wandering. Miller, along with a veterinarian, patented the procedure for implanting Neuticles. To sell his idea, Miller established CTI (Canine Testicular Implant) Corporation, and the first commercial Neuticles were implanted in 1995. Miller won the 2005 Ig Nobel Prize in Medicine, a parody of the real Nobel Prize, for the invention of Neuticles.

"While recognizing that responsible pet ownership requires neutering, nonetheless, many pet owners find themselves uncomfortable with such a disfiguring procedure. The permanently altered appearance of their pet serves as a constant reminder of their surgical choice. Comments by strangers who misidentify the gender of the pet may serve to exacerbate this discomfort."

The company states that humans cannot legally get Neuticle implants. While the materials in them are approved by the FDA, a second approval is required for similar implants in any specific areas of the human body. In 2018 it was reported that Miller has no plans for Neuticles for humans due to the cost and the time needed for FDA approval.

Opposition
In the UK, the regulatory body for veterinarians, the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, states that the use of any form of cosmetic surgery is unethical.

The Veterinary Council of New Zealand says "the insertion of neuticles (prosthetic testicles) cannot be justified. This procedure has no benefit to the animal and can be used to conceal genetic defects."

Popular culture

 * On the reality television show Keeping Up with the Kardashians, Kim Kardashian's dog, Rocky, was given Neuticles.
 * On Season 2, Episode 10 “High School Reunion” of the television comedy The League, Kevin publishes in the group's high school reunion program that Andre had a “nudicle” inserted after he was “sack-tapped so hard that my left testicle was damaged and eventually had to be removed.”
 * On Season 2, Episode 7 "Who's the Boss?" of the adult animated TV show HouseBroken, one episode revolves around the character Diablo getting a pair of canine testicular implants called "Fauxnads"

title: Neuticles


text: User talk:164.58.177.38

title: User talk:164.58.177.38


text:
William Henry Crocker

William Henry Crocker I (January 13, 1861 – September 25, 1937) was a member of the wealthy Crocker family and a prominent member of the Republican Party. Over the course of his business career, he became the president of Crocker National Bank.

Early life
Crocker was born on January 19, 1861, in Sacramento, California. His father, Charles Crocker (1822-1888), one of the "Big Four" railroad magnates, was the builder of the Central Pacific Railroad.

His uncle, Edwin B. Crocker, a wealthy California lawyer and later California Supreme Court justice, and his wife, Margaret Crocker (née Norton) founded the oldest still operating museum of the Western United States in Sacramento, the Crocker Art Museum.

His nephew, Harry Crocker, was a movie star in the 1920s and, at one time, the personal assistant of Charlie Chaplin.

His cousin, Aimee Crocker, was a Bohemian mystic who garnered publicity for her extravagant parties in New York, San Francisco and Paris, for her five husbands and many lovers, for her tattoos, and for living 10 years in the Far East, not as a tourist, but as if a native.

His cousin, Henry J. Crocker, was a prominent San Franciscan businessman and one of the Committee of Fifty, who got into a well documented public feud with William, eventually leading to a court ruling against him in his claim of having been defrauded by his own cousin.

William attended Phillips Academy, Andover and Yale University, where he was a brother of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Phi chapter).

Career
Crocker was president of Crocker National Bank. When much of the city of San Francisco was destroyed by the fire from the 1906 earthquake, Crocker and his bank were major forces in financing reconstruction.

Crocker also was a director of the Sperry Flour Co., the company of his wife's family owning a chain of flour mills across the US, a truly global conglomerate, with branches as far away as Hong-Kong and Norway. ,, ,

Philanthropy
After the 1906 earthquake and fire had left both the adjacent mansions of W.H. Crocker and his father in ruins, in 1907 he donated the Crocker family's 2.6 acre Nob Hill block for Grace Cathedral. ,

He was a member of the University of California Board of Regents for nearly thirty years and funded the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's million-volt x-ray tube at the UC hospital and the "medical" Crocker cyclotron used for neutron therapy at Berkeley. In 1936, Crocker contributed $75,000 toward the building of a laboratory for Ernest O. Lawrence at the University of California, Berkeley, which was subsequently named "Crocker Radiation Laboratory" in his honor. This laboratory became home to the Berkeley 60" cyclotron. In the 1960s, parts of this cyclotron were moved to the University of California, Davis, where they were the basis for the Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, which inherited its name from the original.

Crocker also chaired the Panama-Pacific Exposition Committee and SE Community Chest, and was a key member of the committee that built the San Francisco Opera House and Veterans Building. Crocker was the founder of Crocker Middle School located in Hillsborough, California. The Sacramento, California, home of Crocker's uncle, Edwin B. Crocker, was converted into the Crocker Art Museum, which was the first art museum to open in the West.

Art Collection
During his lifetime William H. Crocker and his wife Ethel amassed a considerable collection of works of art. ,

One of the impressionist works they had acquired in 1894 was a painting by Claude Monet from his famous Haystacks series, "Meule, soir d'hiver", from 1899-1890 (W1217a) which was lost to eternity during the Great Fire following the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco, as was most of the rest of their collection.

Surviving items of Ethel's Egyptian and Byzantine textile collection were on loan to the San Francisco Museum of Art until 1953, when the collection was shipped to Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C. ,

Philately
As his cousin, Henry J. Crocker, William H. Crocker was a noted philatelist and the owner of the unique block of four of the 1869 24c United States stamps with inverted centre formerly the property of William Thorne.

The stamp collection survived because it was on tour abroad at the time.

Personal life
Crocker was married to Ethel Sperry (1861–1934), who become treasurer of the Woman’s Belgian Relief Fund in San Francisco and State Chair for The Woman’s Section of the Commission for Relief in Belgium (CRB), while William chaired the men's committee of the Belgian Relief Fund in San Francisco, who were to send the first 'State Ship', the SS Camino, with food aid, on 5 December 1914, over to the port of Rotterdam, the Netherlands, which remained neutral during WWI. She was also the leading patron of French Impressionist art in California at that time. After the 1906 earthquake destroyed their San Francisco home, William relocated the family to a new home in Hillsborough (CA) in 1910. , The grand estate was aptly named "New Place", now part of the Burlingame Country Club clubhouse. , The buildings were designed by Lewis P. Hobart, the lavish gardens by Bruce Potter. Some of the fragile original lantern slides on glass of the property by Frances Benjamin Johnston, an artist of the era, have survived to this day.

Children
Together, William and Ethel were the parents of four children:

 * Ethel Mary Crocker (1891–1964), who married French (former) Count André de Limur in 1918, who gave William and Ethel their first grand-daughter.
 * William Willard Crocker (1893–1964), who married Ruth Hobart, daughter of playboy Walter Hobart and granddaughter of the Comstock silver millionaire Walter S. Hobart, in 1923. They divorced in 1948 and he married Gertrude ( Hopkins) Parrott, former wife of William G. Parrott. After her death in 1958, he married Elizabeth ( Fullerton) Coleman, former wife of George L. Coleman, in 1960. After his death, she married Alexander Montagu, 10th Duke of Manchester.
 * Helen Crocker (1897–1966), who married Henry Potter Russell, a son of Charles Howland Russell who was previously married to Ethel Borden Harriman.
 * Charles Crocker (1904–1961), who married Virginia Bennett in 1926. They divorced and he married Marguerite Brokaw, a daughter of Howard Crosby Brokaw, in 1938. After his death, she married Charles Norton Adams.

William Crocker died on September 25, 1937, at his home in Hillsborough, California.

Descendants
His grandson, also named William, is a retired anthropologist who worked at the Smithsonian Institution specializing in Canela Indians of Brazil. ,

Legacy
The public middle school in Hillsborough, California, is named after him, Crocker Middle School.

title: William Henry Crocker


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ldbsnow

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 07:41, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Ldbsnow
A group of friends from Vermont that like to snowboard. Non-notable. --Quasipalm 17:05, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete --Quasipalm 17:05, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable, famaily&friands vanity. Wikipedia is not a personal web site. DES (talk) 17:21, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Google gets minimal hits and as pointed out it is basicly a social club.--Isotope23 19:05, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete JoanneB 19:25, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom.    Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   18:23, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ldbsnow


text:
Talk:Yasuní National Park

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 7 January 2019 and 24 April 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Laurenwhitehurst.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 05:15, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

Merge
Seems like a good idea. I don't know which spelling (Yasuni or Yasuní ) should carry the article but in any event the alternate should then become a redirect. --hydnjo talk 17:06, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It seems that the spelling of the first article started should prevail which would be Yasuni. --hydnjo talk 17:16, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I believe it should be Yasuní, which is the correct spelling. There needs to be a Yasuni redirect though because many people don't bother to type the accented i or don't know how to type it on their keyboard.Rontavius (talk) 22:50, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

Study of the park's biodiversity
Global Conservation Significance of Ecuador's Yasuní National Park. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008767

It's available under a Creative Commons Attribution License, which I think means we can use its text liberally in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Miguel.v (talk • contribs) 23:56, 21 January 2010 (UTC)

potential resource
from Portal:Current events/2011 December 30 99.181.141.49 (talk) 10:00, 31 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Ecuador vows to protect the Yasuni National Park in the Amazon basin after international donors contribute $100 million to a protection fund. (Reuters via Climate Spectator)

Map
Despite the legend, there is only one shade of green on the map. Davidships (talk) 22:24, 18 August 2013 (UTC)

contradictory article
Article is self-contradictory - first it says that the oil will be extracted (2013) because only 300 million has been pledged (and far less actually given), then in the last paragraph that billions have been pledged and oil extraction will not occur. Paulhummerman (talk) 15:34, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yasuní National Park


text: User talk:158.123.145.5

title: User talk:158.123.145.5


text:
Talk:Yasuni National Park

Merge
Seems like a good idea. I don't know which spelling (Yasuni or Yasuní ) should carry the article but in any event the alternate should then become a redirect. --hydnjo talk 17:07, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It seems that the spelling of the first article started should prevail which would be Yasuni. --hydnjo talk 17:18, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yasuni National Park


text:
Carlos Abascal

Carlos María Abascal Carranza (Ciudad de Mexico June 14, 1949 – Ciudad de Mexico December 2, 2008), known as Carlos Abascal, was a Mexican lawyer, business leader, and politician. He was the Secretary of the Interior in the cabinet of Vicente Fox. He is the son of the writer Salvador Abascal, famous for his synarchist ideas.

Early life and education
Abascal studied law at Escuela Libre de Derecho in Mexico City, graduating in 1973 with a thesis entitled "Relations between Spiritual Power and Temporal Power", in which he stated, that "democracy is a farce that has been used by Freemasons in Mexico...to make a confused and disoriented majority believe that its will is being done". He later pursued business management studies at the IPADE.

Biography and Career
Abascal began his career as a messenger for Afianzadora Insurgentes and became a trainee in the legal area. He later became Director and CEO. He worked for Afianzadora Insurgentes for thirty years before retiring in August 2000.

Abascal has occupied different positions in private and social organizations. He has been president of the Fundación para el Desarrollo Sostenible en México (FUNDES), president of Vertebra, president of the Movimiento Social y de Administración de Valores (AVAL), vice president of the Instituto Mexicano de Doctrina Social Cristiana (IMDOSOC), and national president of the Confederación Patronal de la República Mexicana (COPARMEX). As president, he promoted the New Labor Culture and facilitated dialogue between the employer and worker sectors.

Abascal served in the Legislative Assembly of the Federal District from 1994 to 1997. He also participated in the transition team of President Vicente Fox. He became one of the key cabinet members in Fox's administration. He served as the head of the Ministry of Labor and later the Ministry of the Interior. His primary challenge in the latter role was maintaining the country's governability during the 2006 electoral process. In 2000 Fox appointed Abascal as Secretary of Labor. In 2005, following Santiago Creel's resignation, Abascal was appointed Secretary of the Interior.

He was opposed to some birth control methods such as abortion and the contraceptive pill. He spoke out against "liberal" literature, including the novel Aura by Carlos Fuentes, which Abascal alleged was inappropriate for his 13-year-old daughter and requested that her private school reconsider including in its curriculum.

In the later years of his life, he was involved with the National Executive Committee of the National Action Party (PAN) and led the Rafael Preciado Hernández Foundation. Days before his death, he received an Honorary Doctorate from Universidad Anáhuac, marking his final public appearance.

Death
Abascal died of esophageal cancer on the morning of December 2, 2008.

Canonization
In 2009, various Catholic organizations asked the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mexico to begin the process for the canonization of Abascal given his virtues and his ability to participate in politics without renouncing his Catholic values.

title: Carlos Abascal


text: User talk:70.20.11.175

title: User talk:70.20.11.175