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30 September Movement

The Thirtieth of September Movement (Gerakan 30 September, also known as G30S, and by the syllabic abbreviation Gestapu for Gerakan September Tiga Puluh, Thirtieth of September Movement, also unofficially called Gestok, for Gerakan Satu Oktober, or First of October Movement) was a self-proclaimed organization of Indonesian National Armed Forces members. In the early hours of 1 October 1965, they assassinated six Indonesian Army generals in an abortive coup d'état. Later that morning, the organisation declared that it was in control of media and communication outlets and had taken President Sukarno under its protection. By the end of the day, the coup attempt had failed in Jakarta. Meanwhile, in central Java there was an attempt to take control over an army division and several cities. By the time this rebellion was put down, two more senior officers were dead.

In the days and weeks that followed, the army, socio-political, and religious groups blamed the coup attempt on the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). Soon a mass purge was underway, which resulted in the imprisonment and deaths of many actual or suspected Communist Party members and sympathizers. Under the New Order, the movement was usually referred to as "G30S/PKI" by those wanting to associate it with the PKI, and this term is also sometimes used by the current government.

Investigations and questioning of Suharto's version of the events were long obstructed in Indonesia. While the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) initially believed that Sukarno orchestrated all of it, several outside sources found inconsistencies and holes in the army claims, notably Benedict Anderson and Ruth McVey who wrote the Cornell Paper that challenged it.

Background
From the late 1950s, President Sukarno's position came to depend on balancing the opposing and increasingly hostile forces of the army and the PKI. His "anti-imperialist" ideology made Indonesia increasingly dependent on the Soviet Union and, particularly, China. By 1965, at the height of the Cold War, the PKI extensively penetrated all levels of government. With the support of Sukarno and the air force, the party gained increasing influence at the expense of the army, thus ensuring the army's enmity. By late 1965, the army was divided between a left-wing faction allied with the PKI and a right-wing faction that was being courted by the United States.

In need of Indonesian allies in its Cold War against the Soviet Union, the United States cultivated a number of ties with officers of the military through exchanges and arms deals. This fostered a split in the military's ranks, with the United States and others backing a right-wing faction against a left-wing faction leaning towards the PKI.

When Sukarno rejected food aid from USAID, thereby exacerbating famine conditions, the right-wing military adopted a regional command structure through which it could smuggle staple commodities to win the loyalty of the starving rural population. In an attempt to curtail the right-wing military's increasing power, the PKI and the left-wing military formed a number of peasant and other mass organisations.

Kidnapping and murder of generals

At around 3:15 am on 1 October, seven detachments of troops in trucks and buses dispatched by Lieutenant Colonel Untung Syamsuri (commander of Tjakrabirawa, the presidential guard), comprising troops from the Tjakrabirawa Regiment (Presidential Guards), the Diponegoro (Central Java), and Brawijaya (East Java) Divisions, left the movement's base at Halim Perdanakusumah Air Force Base, just south of Jakarta to kidnap seven generals, all members of the Army General Staff. Three of the intended victims, (Minister/Commander of the Army Lieutenant General Ahmad Yani, Major General M. T. Haryono, and Brigadier General D. I. Pandjaitan) were killed at their homes, while three more (Major General Soeprapto, Major General S. Parman, and Brigadier General Sutoyo) were taken alive. Meanwhile, their main target, Coordinating Minister of Defense and Security and Armed Forces Chief of Staff, General Abdul Haris Nasution managed to escape the kidnap attempt by jumping over a wall into the Iraqi embassy garden. However his personal aide, First Lieutenant Pierre Tendean, was captured after being mistaken for Nasution in the dark. Nasution's five-year-old daughter, Ade Irma Suryani Nasution, was shot by the assault group and died on 6 October. In addition a police officer guarding Nasution's neighbour, Police Chief Brigadier Karel Sadsuitubun, was shot and killed by the kidnapping group. A final victim was Albert Naiborhu, General Pandjaitan's nephew, who was killed during the raid on the General's home. The generals and the bodies of their dead colleagues were taken to a place known as Lubang Buaya near Halim where those still alive were tortured before being shot dead. The bodies of all the victims were then thrown down a disused well near the base.

Takeover in Jakarta
Later that morning, around 2,000 troops from two Java-based divisions (the 454th Infantry Battalion from the Diponegoro Division and the 530th Infantry Battalion from the Brawijaya Division) occupied Lapangan Merdeka, the park around the National Monument in central Jakarta, and three sides of the square, including the RRI (Radio Republik Indonesia) main building and studios. They did not occupy the east side of the square – the location of the armed forces strategic reserve (KOSTRAD) headquarters, commanded at the time by Major General Suharto. At some time during the night, D. N. Aidit, the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) leader and Air Vice Marshal Omar Dani, the Air Force commander both went to the Halim AFB, which pointed at their involvement in the movement.

Following the news at 7 am, RRI broadcast a message from Lieutenant Colonel Untung Syamsuri, commander of the 1st Honor Guard Battalion (Army), Tjakrabirawa Regiment, to the effect that the 30 September Movement, an internal army organization, had taken control of strategic locations in Jakarta, with the help of other military units. They proclaimed that this was to forestall a coup attempt by a 'Generals' Council' aided by the Central Intelligence Agency, intent on removing Sukarno on Armed Forces Day, 5 October. It was also stated that President Sukarno was under the movement's protection. Sukarno traveled to Halim 'after learning that there were troops near the Palace on the north side of Lapangan Merdeka' and also claimed (later) 'that this was so he could be near an aircraft should he need to leave Jakarta'. Further radio announcements from RRI later that day listed 45 members of the G30S Movement and stated that all army ranks above Lieutenant Colonel would be abolished. While at Halim, the president met with AVM Dani and the other service commanders remaining to plan for a replacement to the post of Commander of the Army which was by now vacant.

The end of the movement in Jakarta
At 5.30 am, Suharto, commander of the Army's Strategic Reserve (KOSTRAD), was woken up by his neighbor and told of the disappearances of the generals and the shootings at their homes. He went to Kostrad HQ and tried to contact other senior officers. He managed to contact and to ensure the support of the commanders of the Navy and the National Police, but was unable to contact the Air Force Commander. He then took command of the Army and issued orders confining all troops to their barracks.

Because of poor planning, the coup leaders had failed to provide provisions for the troops on Lapangan Merdeka, who were becoming hot and thirsty. They were under the impression that they were guarding the president in the palace. Over the course of the afternoon, Suharto persuaded both battalions to give up without a fight, first the Brawijaya battalion, who came over to Kostrad HQ, then the Diponegoro troops, which withdrew to Halim. His troops gave Untung's forces inside the radio station an ultimatum and they also withdrew. By 7 pm Suharto was in control of all the installations previously held by the 30 September Movement's forces. Now joined by Nasution, at 9 pm he announced over the radio that he was now in command of the Army and that he would destroy the counter-revolutionary forces and save Sukarno. He then issued another ultimatum, this time to the troops at Halim. Later that evening, Sukarno left Halim and arrived in Bogor, where there was another presidential palace.

Most of the rebel troops fled, and after a minor battle in the early hours of 2 October, the Army regained control of Halim, Aidit flew to Yogyakarta and Dani to Madiun before the soldiers arrived.

It was only on 4 October when the bodies of all seven casualties were recovered from the well in which they were thrown at Lubang Buaya. They were buried in a state burial on 5 October, Armed Forces Day, preceded by an address by Nasution. All seven Army officers and the police brigadier were, by order of President Sukarno, officially declared the very same day as Heroes of the Revolution posthumously per Presidential Decision No. 111/KOTI/1965.

Events in Central Java
Following the 7 am radio broadcast on RRI, troops from the Diponegoro Division in Central Java took control of five of the seven battalions and other units in the name of the 30 September movement. The PKI mayor of Solo, Utomo Ramelan, issued a statement in support of the movement. Rebel troops in Yogyakarta, led by Major Muljono, kidnapped and later killed Col. Katamso and his chief of staff Lt. Col. Sugiyono. However, once news of the movement's failure in Jakarta became known, most of its followers in Central Java gave themselves up. On 5 October, both Katamso and Sugiyono, the commander and executive officer of the 72nd Military Area at the time of their murders, were also posthumously named Heroes of the Revolution.

Anti-communist purge
Suharto and his associates immediately blamed the PKI as masterminds of the 30 September Movement. With the support of the Army, and fueled by horrific tales of the alleged torture and mutilation of the generals at Lubang Buaya, anti-PKI demonstrations and then violence soon broke out. Violent mass action started in Aceh, then shifted to Central and East Java. Suharto then sent the RPKAD paratroops under Col. Sarwo Edhie to Central Java. When they arrived in Semarang, locals burned the PKI headquarters to the ground. The army swept through the countryside and were aided by locals in killing suspected communists. In East Java, members of Ansor Youth Movement, the youth wing of the Nahdlatul Ulama went on a killing frenzy, and the slaughter later spread to Bali. Figures given for the number of people killed across Indonesia vary from 78,000 to one million. Among the dead was Aidit, who was captured by the Army on 25 November and summarily executed shortly after. Recently released records from the United States Department of State indicate that the U.S. embassy in Jakarta tracked the killings of these leftists, and that U.S. officials "actively supported" the efforts of the Indonesian Army to quell the labor movement.

Several hundred or thousand Indonesian leftists travelling abroad were unable to return to their homeland. Djawoto, the ambassador to China, refused to be recalled and spent the rest of his life outside of Indonesia. Some of these exiles, writers by trade, continued writing. This Indonesian exile literature was full of hatred for the new government and written simply, for general consumption, but necessarily published internationally.

Commemoration
Immediately following Suharto's appointment as President in 1967, 1 October was decreed as Pancasila Sanctity Day (Hari Kesaktian Pancasila). The government's official narrative is that the day is commemorated to celebrate the triumph of Pancasila over all ideologies, especially "Communism/Marxism-Leninism" (sic; official terminology). It is still commemorated until present day.

A PKI coup attempt: The first "official" (New Order) version
The Army leadership began making accusations of PKI involvement at an early stage. Later, the government of President Suharto would reinforce this impression by referring to the movement using the abbreviation "G30S/PKI". School textbooks followed the official government line that the PKI, worried about Sukarno's health and concerned about their position should he die, acted to seize power and establish a communist state. The trials of key conspirators were used as evidence to support this view, as was the publication of a cartoon supporting the 30 September Movement in the 2 October issue of the PKI newspaper Harian Rakjat. According to later pronouncements by the army, the PKI manipulated gullible left-wing officers such as Untung through a mysterious "special bureau" that reported only to the party secretary, Aidit. This case relied on a confession by the alleged head of the bureau, named Sjam, during a staged trial in 1967. But it was never convincingly proved to Western academic specialists, and has been challenged by some Indonesian accounts.

The New Order government promoted this version with a Rp800 million film directed by Arifin C. Noer entitled Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI (Treachery of G30S/PKI; 1984). Between 1984 and 1998 the film was broadcast on the state television station TVRI and, later, private stations; it was also required viewing at schools and political institutions. A 2000 survey by the Indonesian magazine Tempo found 97% of the 1,101 students surveyed had seen the film; 87% of them had seen it more than once.

A PKI coup attempt: Western scholars' theories
A number of Western scholars, while rejecting Suharto's propaganda, argue that the 30 September Movement was indeed a PKI coup d'état attempt. Robert Cribb states that "the Movement aimed to throw the army high command off balance, discredit the generals as apparent enemies of Sukarno, and shift Indonesian politics to the left so that the PKI could come to power rapidly, though probably not immediately"; Cribb believes that the PKI acted because it feared that, given Sukarno's failing health, the system of Guided Democracy would soon collapse, allowing the right-wing faction in Indonesian society to take over the country. John Roosa writes that the 30 September Movement was an attempt to purge the Indonesian government of anti-communist influences, that failed because it was "a tangled, incoherent mess".

Internal army affair
In 1971, Benedict Anderson and Ruth McVey wrote an article which came to be known as the Cornell Paper. In the essay they proposed that the 30 September Movement was not a party-political but entirely an internal army affair, as the PKI had insisted. They claimed that the action was a result of dissatisfaction on the part of junior officers, who found it extremely difficult to obtain promotions and resented the generals' corrupt and decadent lifestyles. They allege that the PKI was deliberately involved by, for example, bringing Aidit to Halim: a diversion from the embarrassing fact the Army was behind the movement.

Recently Anderson expanded on his theory that the coup attempt was almost totally an internal matter of a divided military with the PKI playing only a peripheral role; that the right-wing generals assassinated on 1 October 1965 were, in fact, the Council of Generals coup planning to assassinate Sukarno and install themselves as a military junta. Anderson argues that G30S was indeed a movement of officers loyal to Sukarno who carried out their plan believing it would preserve, not overthrow, Sukarno's rule. The boldest claim in the Anderson theory, however, is that the generals were in fact privy to the G30S assassination plot.

Central to the Anderson theory is an examination of a little-known figure in the Indonesian army, Colonel Abdul Latief. Latief had spent a career in the Army and, according to Anderson, had been both a staunch Sukarno loyalist and a friend with Suharto. Following the coup attempt, however, Latief was jailed and named a conspirator in G30S. At his military trial in the 1970s, Latief made the accusation that Suharto himself had been a co-conspirator in the G30S plot, and had betrayed the group for his own purposes.

Anderson points out that Suharto himself has twice admitted to meeting Latief in a hospital on 30 September 1965 (i.e. G30S) and that his two narratives of the meeting are contradictory. In an interview with American journalist Arnold Brackman, Suharto stated that Latief had been there merely "to check" on him, as his son was receiving care for a burn. In a later interview with Der Spiegel, Suharto stated that Latief had gone to the hospital in an attempt on his life, but had lost his nerve. Anderson believes that in the first account, Suharto was simply being disingenuous; in the second, that he had lied.

Further backing his claim, Anderson cites circumstantial evidence that Suharto was indeed in on the plot. Among these are:
 * That almost all the key military participants named as part of G30S were, either at the time of the assassinations or just previously, close subordinates of Suharto: Lieutenant-Colonel Untung, Colonel Latief, and Brigadier-General Supardjo in Jakarta, and Colonel Suherman, Major Usman, and their associates at the Diponegoro Division's HQ in Semarang.
 * That in the case of Untung and Latief, their association with Suharto was so close that they attended each other's family events and celebrated their sons' rites of passage together.
 * That the two generals who had direct command of all troops in Jakarta (save for the Presidential Guard, who carried out the assassinations) were Suharto and Jakarta Military Territory Commander Umar Wirahadikusumah. Neither of these figures were assassinated, and (if Anderson's theory that Suharto lied about an attempt on his life by Latief is confirmed) no attempt was even made.
 * That during the time period in which the assassination plot was organized, Suharto (as commander of Kostrad) had made a habit of acting in a duplicitous manner: while Suharto was privy to command decisions made in the context of then ongoing Konfrontasi with Malaysia, the intelligence chief of his unit Ali Murtopo had been making connections and providing information to the hostile governments of Malaysia, Singapore, United Kingdom, and the United States through an espionage operation run by Benny Moerdani in Thailand. Moerdani later became a spy chief in Suharto's government.

Suharto with US support
Professor Peter Dale Scott alleges that the entire movement was designed to allow for Suharto's response. Dale Scott draws attention to the fact the side of Lapangan Merdeka on which KOSTRAD was situated was not occupied, and that only those generals who might have prevented Suharto seizing power (except Nasution) were kidnapped. Scott also discusses the relationship between Suharto and three of the Army battalions involved in the coup, which were under his command and staffed by US-trained soldiers. He notes that these battalions switched sides during the rebellion, working to both instigate and quell the coup.

He also alleges that the fact that the generals were killed near an air force base where PKI members had been trained allowed him to shift the blame away from the Army. He links the support given by the CIA to anti-Sukarno rebels in the 1950s to their later support for Suharto and anti-communist forces. He points out that training in the US of Indonesian Army personnel continued even as overt military assistance dried up, and contends that the US contributed substantial covert aid, noting that the US military presence in Jakarta was at an all-time high in 1965, and that the US government delivered a shipment of 200 military aircraft to the Indonesian Army the summer before the coup. Scott also implicates the CIA in the destabilization of the Indonesian economy in 1965, and notes that investment by US corporations in Indonesia increased in the months prior to the movement, which he argues indicates US foreknowledge of the plot.

Another damaging revelation came to light when it emerged that one of the main plotters, Col Latief, was a close associate of Suharto, as were other key figures in the movement, and that Latief actually visited Suharto on the night before the murders.

A Tirto.id article also suggests that Suharto, with the military, was behind the attack. It mentions the military's cooperation with Washington after the latter's failure in taking over Sumatra, an area which at that time contained strong support for Marxism and therefore constituted a threat for the Western bloc, particularly the US. Over time, the military and the PKI became increasingly at-odds. In August 1965, the military feared that because of the Fifth Regiment (Angkatan Kelima), they would not able to monopolise the military - and as a result, the PKI would be unstoppable. This led to impatience within the military for the fall of Sukarno.

British psyops
The role of the Foreign Office and MI6 intelligence service of United Kingdom, then Indonesia's colonial neighbor on the island of Borneo, has also come to light, in a series of exposés by Paul Lashmar and James Oliver in The Independent newspaper in December 1998, as well as their book, Britain's Secret Propaganda War.

The revelations included an anonymous Foreign Office source stating that the decision to unseat President Sukarno was made by Prime Minister Harold Macmillan then executed under Prime Minister Harold Wilson. According to the exposés, the United Kingdom had already become alarmed with the announcement of the Konfrontasi policy. It has been claimed that a CIA memorandum of 1962 indicated that Prime Minister Macmillan and President John F. Kennedy were increasingly alarmed by the possibility of the confrontation with Malaysia spreading, and agreed to "liquidate President Sukarno, depending on the situation and available opportunities." However, the documentary evidence does not support this claim.

To weaken the regime, the Foreign Office's Information Research Department (IRD) coordinated psychological operations in concert with the British military, to spread black propaganda casting the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), Chinese Indonesians, and Sukarno in a bad light. These efforts were to duplicate the successes of British Psyop campaign in the Malayan Emergency.

Of note, these efforts were coordinated from the British High Commission in Singapore where the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), Associated Press (AP), and The New York Times filed their reports on the Indonesian turmoil. According to Roland Challis, the BBC correspondent who was in Singapore at the time, journalists were open to manipulation by IRD because of Sukarno's stubborn refusal to allow them into the country: "In a curious way, by keeping correspondents out of the country Sukarno made them the victims of official channels, because almost the only information you could get was from the British ambassador in Jakarta."

These manipulations included the BBC reporting that communists were planning to slaughter the citizens of Jakarta. The accusation was based solely on a forgery planted by Norman Reddaway, a propaganda expert with the IRD. He later bragged in a letter to the British ambassador in Jakarta, Sir Andrew Gilchrist that it "went all over the world and back again," and was "put almost instantly back into Indonesia via the BBC." Gilchrist himself informed the Foreign Office on 5 October 1965: "I have never concealed from you my belief that a little shooting in Indonesia would be an essential preliminary to effective change."

In April 2000, Sir Denis Healey, Secretary of State for Defence at the time of the war, confirmed to The Independent that the IRD was active during this time. He officially denied any role by MI6, and denied "personal knowledge" of the British arming the right-wing faction of the Army, though he did comment that if there were such a plan, he "would certainly have supported it."

Although MI6 is strongly implicated in this scheme by the use of the Information Research Department (seen as an MI6 office), any role by MI6 itself is officially denied by the UK government, and papers relating to it had yet to be declassified by the Cabinet Office. (The Independent, 6 December 2000)

Upon declassification, the documents were used to contend that the British had supported the slaughter and that this was done in three ways: encouragement of the killing; giving the Indonesian military a free hand by furnishing assurances that there would be no British intervention while PKI was being crushed; and propaganda operations.

In October 2021, further light was shed on the United Kingdom's role when declassified documents revealed that the government had covertly deployed black propaganda in order to urge prominent Indonesians to "cut out [the] communist cancer". As the atrocities began in October 1965, British spooks called for "the PKI and all communist organisations [to] be eliminated". The nation, they warned, would be in danger "as long as the communist leaders are at large and their rank and file are allowed to go unpunished".

Series of inconsistencies
Historian John Roosa highlights several inconsistencies in the official version of the events. Roosa primarily bases his theories on the candid reflection of Supardjo. As a general who joined the movement just days before its execution, Supardjo offers a unique perspective on the movement as both an outsider and insider. In his testimony intended for the PKI leadership, he assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the 30 September Movement, particularly those of its presumed leader, Kamaruzaman Sjam.

Roosa then challenges the credibility of the evidence on which the Suharto regime based its official narrative. The evidence provided by the army consisted of the testimony of two officers who were under the influence of torture and therefore unreliable.

"One has to be suspicious when the case is partly based on black propaganda and torture-induced testimonies. The confessions of two PKI leaders, Njono and Aidit, printed in the army press in late 1965, were transparent fakes. Likewise, the highly publicized story about the movement's female participants; torturing and castrating the seven captured officers in Lubang Buaya turned out to be a fabrication, presumably by psychological warfare specialists."

Hence, Roosa indicates that the army does not provide conclusive evidence of the PKI being the mastermind behind the movement.

Similarly, he asks why, if the movement was planned by military officers, as alleged in the Cornell Paper, was it so poorly planned. Despite the movement being labeled a "coup attempt", the movement's troops did not execute the plan with military efficiency or planning. As Roosa notes, the movement's military force, which only consisted of 2,130 total military personnel and 2,000 civilians, was spread too thin to constitute a single operational force, especially compared to the number of military troops stationed in the city(footnote). Also, the lack of tanks proves that the forces did not have the intention of taking government control. The forces of Aidit and his men were separated from the rest of the movement's forces under Untung and the other men by a total distance of two miles, under two separate strategic headquarters. Furthermore, the two forces did not have efficient means of communication between them; the movement itself shut down the city's telephone system when it took over the telecommunications building, and neither group had walkie-talkies or other radio devices to relay plans back and forth. Instead, several of the leaders used shuttles and couriers as a means of communication. Roosa contributes these inconsistencies in planning to Sjam, noting his lack of experience in military strategy. In any case, he says, the movement's leaders as a group were too disparate to find enough common ground to carry out the operation.

Throughout the coup attempt, the PKI utilized the broadcast system a total of four times, greatly limiting their presentation of the movement to the public. Each broadcast was also inconsistent and clashing.

The first statement reported the movement's capture of the generals and their intent to act against the sympathizers of the Council of Generals. After five hours, the PKI released its second statement revealing the names of the deputy commanders under Lieutenant Colonel Untung. The third broadcast, "Decision No. 1", listed the 45 members of the Indonesian Revolution Council. The fourth broadcast then declared Untung as the highest-ranking official and any higher member was to be demoted.

Roosa argues that the broadcasts provided an inconsistent face to the public; and thus, they obtained little public support. The broadcasts were self-contradictory, as they oscillated between protecting Sukarno and disposing of him due to his unwillingness to support the movement. In the end, the broadcasts were ineffective and provided no assistance to the coup.

As to the movement itself, Roosa concludes that it was led by Sjam, in collaboration with Aidit, but 'not' the PKI as a whole, together with Pono, Untung and Latief. Suharto was able to defeat the movement because he knew of it beforehand and because the Army had already prepared for such a contingency. He says Sjam was the link between the PKI members and the Army officers, but lack of coordination was a major reason for the failure of the movement.

title: 30 September Movement


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Electrical potential of the reaction

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep and merge. Wikiacc (talk) 20:21, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Electrical potential of the reaction

 * merge into Galvanic cell that already has a large section on the topic and delete: hardly anyone will search this title. I apologize before the contributor for discarding his work, but one must really read while writing. Wikipedia has lots of stuff already. mikka (t) 02:26, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * merge somewhere - Galvanic cell, Electrochemical cell, Electrochemical potential, Electrode potential, Table of standard electrode potentials, or ... Lots of merging needed. Don't need this obscure title. Vsmith 03:04, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: (about title) i didnt make the title, another author had linked his aricle to this title, and i decided to fill in the blank, about the sources, u can take it fromany chem book if uve ever seen one. To me it seems pretty obvious.
 * I may not believe this, but plenty of use have never seen a chem book. I am sorry that some of your first contributions were not so successful; probably because wikipedia is still a big mess, i.e., poorly systematized in many places. I hope this will not discourage you from future contributions. mikka (t) 03:16, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I have removed the heading because it was messing up the Table of Contents. - x42bn6   Talk  03:40, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * merge per mikkalai but make a redirect instead of deleting. --Apyule 07:58, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as per Vsmith. -- Rune Welsh | ταλκ | Esperanza  15:42, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. the wub  "?!"  19:59, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * What is the sense of a redirect? Did you read the title carefully? "Electrical potential of the reaction". I would understand the title "Electrical potential of a chemical reaction", but this one is just a phrase, as the author explains, red-linked in some article. We cannot have redirects from all possible phrases (unlike common misspellings). A proper syntax to do a link from a phrase, if you want a smooth text, would be this:   electrical potential of the reaction . mikka (t) 20:27, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not too keen on having a redirect either, but I think policy dictates one is needed to comply with the GFDL. I have to admit I never fully understood that argument though, but it does seem to come up fairly often. the wub   "?!"  20:42, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * If the author merges his text into the main article themselves, there will be no GFDL problem. mikka (t) 20:50, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I did read the title carefully, and I still think that a redirect would be a good solution. I know that we can't redirect all possible phrases, but I don't see why we can't do this one. --Apyule 02:37, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * ZlatkoMinev 05:34, 13 October 2005 (UTC) From the author, since im new to wiki, and i have no idead what you are talking about --All i wanted to do is contribute-- i dont see why u cant move it, or redirect it, or if u wish merge it. Well i guess?
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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User talk:Create account- log in by clicking here

Your username appears to be intentionally confusing, and this account has been blocked for the time being. You can still edit this talk page, please reply here. -- Curps 02:26, 12 October 2005 (UTC)


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Patrick Rondat

Patrick Rondat (born 12 October 1960) is a French guitarist. He plays instrumental heavy metal associated with diverse influences such as new-age music, progressive metal, classical music and jazz. He has collaborated on various projects with Jean Michel Jarre and has taken part in some of his shows.

Biography
Patrick Rondat started playing guitar in 1978, at the age of 17, after being inspired by listening to a recording of Ronnie Montrose in a record shop. Rondat's formative influences included Al Di Meola and Yngwie Malmsteen.

He has played with Elegy, Consortium Project, Red Circuit, G3 with Joe Satriani and Steve Vai, and Jean-Michel Jarre. He is also featured on the song "Rainmaker" on Vanden Plas' Spirit of Live album. He participated in the compilation Hard-Rock Rendez-Vous (Vogue, 1989), which made him known to a wider audience, and began a French tour with Blue Öyster Cult. The release of the debut solo album Just For Fun confirmed his position as a leader of French instrumental metal.

He began touring with Rape of the Earth (Vogue / Music For Nations 1991). His first two albums were distributed internationally, and he was involved in a live show for BBC Radio 1 in London. Although still relying on technical prowess, each album presented an evolution with more mature and accomplished compositions.

Alongside his solo career, Rondat has worked with other artists. The meeting with Jean-Michel Jarre in 1991 opened new horizons in Rondat's music. After his participation in Monsters of Rock France at the Hippodrome de Vincennes in September 1991 (AC/DC, Metallica, Queensrÿche etc.), he began working with Jarre, recording the album Chronologie which led to participation in an impressive series of concerts around the world, including one at Wembley Stadium in 1993. This meeting also led to the recording of Amphibia (FDM 1996), produced by Jarre, on which Rondat is accompanied by Tommy Aldridge and Patrice Guers. This album continues the musical change in Rape of the Earth where the compositions of progressive influences are affirmed in an adaptation of Vivaldi's landmark "Presto" ("Vivaldi Tribute").

Other artists have crossed his path on several occasions, including Tony Mac Alpine, Simon Phillips, Steve Lukather, Stu Hamm (Cannes music passion) and Gary Moore (BBM) for whom Rondat was an opening act at the Zénith Paris, then he was invited to join Joe Satriani's G3 tour (1998) with Michael Schenker, for 14 very memorable shows.

In 1999, Rondat released On the Edge (FDM), a transition album exploring other musical worlds. Along with Rondat, Tommy Aldridge, and Patrice Guers, two other prestigious musicians were invited: Didier Lockwood and Michel Petrucciani.

During this period, Rondat began a collaboration with English singer Ian Parry, participating in the Consortium Project. He recorded two albums and toured Europe together with Patrice Guers (who would join Rhapsody a few years later), Dirk Bruinenberg (drummer of Elegy), Stephan Lill, and Gunter Verno (Vanden Plas). After this positive experience, Rondat joined the Dutch group Elegy for two albums, followed by a tour around the world.

Jean-Michel Jarre then planned new gigs in which Rondat was involved: Athens (Acropolis, 2001), Beijing (Forbidden City, 2004, Universal DVD), Monaco (Salle des étoiles, 2005) and Gdansk (Space of Freedom concert, 2005). During this time, Rondat prepared his new solo album An Ephemeral World (2004 NTS), a concept album evoking the ephemeral nature of things. Regarded by many as his most successful album, it confirmed its qualities as a composer and outstanding instrumentalist. There was then a tour with the band Freak Kitchen, and Manu Martin joined in on keyboards to reinforce the band.

Upon the encounter with classical pianist Hervé N'Kaoua in 2008, a collaborative work started which required, coming from the "rock" world, discipline and humility from Rondat. The duo, coming from apparently conflicting cultures, offered a new perspective on sonatas for piano and violin (Fauré / Beethoven), and also pieces for orchestra ("Winter", from Vivaldi's The Four Seasons). The recording of this album was followed by concerts in France and Italy in 2009, and XIII Bis Records released a 5-CD box set retracing his career (Just For Fun, Rape Of The Earth, An Ephemeral World, Patrick Rondat - Hervé N'Kaoua, and a disc of live tracks).

For over twenty years, Rondat has also been dedicated to teaching and considers it essential to transmit and share his musical legacy. Thus he was involved in workshops and master classes in France and abroad, and has recorded an instructional DVD (Virtuosity and Velocity, 1997). Both Harrison Ford and Hugh Grant, have mentioned him as being one of their favourite music artists.

Patrick Rondat has his signature Ibanez guitar signatur the PRM1X model.

title: Patrick Rondat


text:
User:Nirmalsuki

The user has deliberately blanked this page.

https://elearning.copalamba.com/AmbaResearch/CL15/Login.aspx?enc=jcJB9GjPCGU=

http://web.boc.lk/index.php?route=product/category&path=87_89_240

nirmal

title: User:Nirmalsuki


text:
Talk:Tok Cut-Off

Wouldn't it be more correct to express the Tok Cut-Off as running from Gakona or Gulkana to Tok? It doesn't really run all the way from Glennallen. True the highway was meant to link Tok to Glennallen, but...? Then again the Tok is "Highway 1" the same as the Glenn (which does link Glennallen to the Tok Cut-Off)... Or is this just semantics? —akghetto (talk) 02:27, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I changed it to "Gakona Junction" per my copy of The Milepost (which I've been taking as more or less authoritative for the little Alaska roads mini-project I've been doing this evening) -- makes sense, since it's not really in either town; Gulkana's further down the Richardson and Gakona's further up the Glenn... err, the Cut-Off... whatever. Good enough for me, anyway. Zero Gravitas ( 話す •  投稿 ) 06:20, 19 February 2006 (UTC)
 * To be honest Gakona Junction works fine for me, and if it matters I live here, so I think that's authoritive too! —akghetto talk 08:27, 20 February 2006 (UTC

title: Talk:Tok Cut-Off


text:
Dennis Storhøi

Jahn Dennis Storhøi (born July 15, 1960 in Fredrikstad, Norway) is a Norwegian actor.

Biography
He is an acclaimed theatre actor in Norway, having won several awards. However, he is known for his role as Herger the Joyous in John McTiernan's The 13th Warrior. To younger crowds he is better known for playing in several Norwegian TV shows and giving voices to cartoons.

On 17 March 2010, he and several other Norwegian actors were cast in The Thing prequel. The film is supposedly going to be about the Norwegian expedition who found the alien creature. Storhøi later dropped out of the project for personal reasons and was replaced by Ulrich Thomsen.

Storhøi had one of the leading roles in the 2015 TV mini-series The Heavy Water War.

Personal life
He is married to Mona Keilhau Storhøi (who also had a small part in The 13th Warrior) and has three children, two from an earlier marriage.

title: Dennis Storhøi


text: User talk:169.139.221.252

title: User talk:169.139.221.252


text:
Talk:Esquire (magazine)

Cnet
About the link to C|Net I don't see where the spyware is.

And about the vanity. Is just a reference to the encyclopedia, and if we are going to delete, delete the links to the article in Wikipedia too.

I don't see the point in deleting the reference to Wikipedia. -- (Said someone who didn't know that they could sign their comments using ~ )

(I know, just forgot to do it

Albert 16:33, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * That doesn't mean the spyware isn't there. I noticed three variants Doubleclick, Mediaplex and Avenue A Inc. I don't know why you can't see it. I notice that there are actually complaints about this on C|Net's TechRepublic discussion forum. People are particularly unhappy that the TechRepublic article warning people about spyware installs spyware onto their computers. Who can blame them. -- Derek Ross | Talk 04:25, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

CNet have moved now removed the spyware from their site, so I have reinstated the link. -- Derek Ross | Talk 05:22, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

WP:ITAAW
I just came to this page and had no idea what the Improve this article thing was about, but having researched the history I found the deleted explanation in the form of the following:
 * In September 2005, the Esquire writer A.J. Jacobs ran an experiment and posted an article in Wikipedia with factual errors with the intention the community would fix it. The experiment was a success and the article was improved and expanded with the factual errors corrected in the first 24 hours.

It is madness to have an unexplained link to something that on the surface has no links to Esquire, removing its explanation because it is a self-reference. If it is important enough to have as a link it is important enough to have two lines explaining that link. I will reinstate the paragraph shortly unless a better option is presented. Driller thriller 14:47, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Esquire.jpg
Image:Esquire.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:03, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

Cover update
Where's the 2008 cover? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.155.139.145 (talk) 04:18, 13 March 2009 (UTC)

The Napkin Fiction Project
This section is incomplete. There is no indication as to why or how a cocktail napkin elicits the writing of a story. Were the napkins accompanied by a request? Is it a "standard" cultural thing? (If so, it needs to be explained.) 125.138.191.93 (talk) 23:02, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

I must agree that this is just about the most piss-poor piece of writing I've ever seen on wikipedia. Apparently, some cocktail napkins were sent to various writers by a person or agency unknown (how tough would it have been to use the active voice, and to have identified the sender?) and magically, Esquire received a bunch of short story submissions. Did the short stories have to fit on the cocktail napkins? Obviously, one of my students must have written the section. 13:09, 7 May 2010 (UTC)RKH —Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.91.65.28 (talk)

Sexiest woman area
Nevermind. I had my years backwards! :) 204.17.31.126 (talk) 16:12, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

Where the hell did those last three come from? As far as I can tell its vandalism. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 38.140.158.106 (talk) 16:33, 27 August 2018 (UTC)

Talk:A Great Day in Harlem (picture)
You are invited to join the discussion at Talk:A Great Day in Harlem (picture). What is the actual name of this photograph (if, indeed, it has a name)? Thanks. Gyrofrog (talk) 15:38, 15 July 2014 (UTC)

Centerfolds
I would appreciate information about the centerfolds, especially in which issue the first (pin-up) centerfold was published, and when this practice was abolished. Thanks, Maikel (talk) 19:37, 25 December 2014 (UTC)

Glitch
Quote: 2008  Finalist for Magazine Se

This needs fixin' please. Maikel (talk) 10:45, 26 December 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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External links modified
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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110512210337/http://www.esquirechina.com.cn/ to http://www.esquirechina.com.cn/

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Political
Esquire has become extremely political. It is biased toward the Radical Left. As such, it loses the Middle and the Right.96.248.101.32 (talk) 18:18, 2 February 2018 (UTC)De'Wayne Johnson

Redundant
It seems to me that "During this time, New York Woman magazine was launched as something of a spin-off version of Esquire aimed at a female audience. In 1986, the 13-30 Corporation (renamed as the Esquire Magazine Group) launched the New York Woman magazine as something of a spin-off version of Esquire aimed at a female audience. " is repetitive, saying the same thing more than once.Kdammers (talk) 14:19, 30 August 2020 (UTC)

online
When did Esquire go online? Kdammers (talk) 14:20, 30 August 2020 (UTC)

Sexiest Woman Alive: Criticism
This section is way too long. It uses 1/5 the article's total word count, to criticize a feature that only ran 11 times, and took the form of a quite short actor interview/profile (and an excuse to get a famous woman on the cover). Moreover, it attains this length by exhaustively summarizing a brief op-ed in Slate (the only ref of merit), using more than half that original essay's word count to recapitulate every minor point of the original piece. A detailed analysis/polemic (with extended quotes) of a single ref, for this quite minor section, seems unwarranted and not in-line with the overview scope of this article. In any other wiki page this would probably only warrant 1 or 2 sentences, just mentioning the fact of an op-ed which characterizes the feature as insubstantial and objectifying, maybe with the most relevant half-sentence quote. People can follow the link to Slate if they want more detail of this one person's opinion.

The next 2 refs are of extremely minor relevance, should probably just go. The BuzzFeed article (about an entirely different article in Vanity Fair) just mentions Sexiest Woman Alive in a set of 3 examples of objectifying journalism; this is not a reference, it is a link, and at most establishes that another journalist found an Esquire interview with Cruz to be a fluff piece. It does not deserve multiple sentences here just to explain the ref's tertiary relevance. The next ref (Lainey Gossip) is similarly included solely because it uses the phrase "Esquire-level bullshit" in a brief article describing the same Vanity Fair article on Margot Robbie. These aren't criticisms, they're offhand characterizations. Chronometric (talk) 22:56, 17 November 2022 (UTC)

Cover
We going to stick with Obama forever or the 90th anniversary cover? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 27.85.205.175 (talk) 03:11, 26 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Esquire (magazine)


text:
David Dalrymple

David Dalrymple may refer to:

 * Sir David Dalrymple, 1st Baronet (1665–1721)
 * David Dalrymple, Lord Westhall (1719–1784) Scottish judge
 * David Dalrymple, Lord Hailes (1726–1792), baronet and Lord Advocate
 * David Dalrymple (Australian politician) (1840–1912), Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly

title: David Dalrymple


text:
Lansingburgh, New York

Lansingburgh is a village in the north end of Troy. It was first laid out in lots and incorporated in 1771 by Abraham Jacob Lansing, who had purchased the land in 1763. In 1900, Lansingburgh became part of the City of Troy.

Demographics
Lansingburgh has had a predominantly working class Irish Neighborhood since the late 1880s. In the 12182 zip code 71% of residents are Non-Hispanic White, 17% Non Hispanic Black or African American, 9% Hispanic or Latino and 3% other. Top Ancestries reported in the zip code 12182 are 22% Irish, 13% African American, 8% Italian, 7% French, 6% Puerto Rican and 3% Trinidadian. The Median Household Income for this zip is 31,321. 35.5% of the population is living below the poverty line.

As of 2015, the Lansingburgh Central School District has an 87% graduation rate for the Senior High School. This is higher than most other local urban school districts. 65% of students in the district are economically disadvantaged. The district is 67% Non-Hispanic White, 17% Black, 10% Hispanic, 5% Multi-Racial and 1% Asian.

Lansingburgh has its own school district as well as post office, but police, fire, and public works are part of the City of Troy.

Landmarks
Herman Melville lived in what is now known as the Herman Melville House from 1838 to 1847. It currently serves as headquarters of the Lansingburgh Historical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

The Powers Home, built in 1846, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

The Lansingburgh Academy was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

The Trinity Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

The Lansingburgh Village Burial Ground was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

The Haskell School was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

The Jacob H. Patten House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

Notable people

 * Chester A. Arthur (1829–1886), 21st President of the United States, born in Fairfield, Vermont, spent part of his youth in Lansingburgh.
 * Catcher Fatty Briody was a 19th-century Major League Baseball player from Lansingburgh.
 * William Brayton, a Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court, was born in Lansingburgh.
 * Mark Filley, who pitched in one major league game for the 1934 Senators, was born here.
 * Edward Burton Hughes, the Acting Commissioner of New York State Department of Transportation in 1969, Executive Deputy Commissioner of New York State Department of Transportation from 1967 to 1970, and Deputy Superintendent of New York State Department of Public Works from 1952 to 1967. Upon his retirement in 1970 Hughes founded the E. Burton Hughes Achievement Award.
 * George Tracy Marsh (1875–1945), author of works often set in the Canadian wilderness.
 * Moby-Dick author Herman Melville wrote his first two novels in Lansingburgh. He resided at what is now known as the Herman Melville House from 1838 to 1847, which currently serves as headquarters of the Lansingburgh Historical Society.
 * Children's author Mary Louise Peebles (1833–1915) was born, raised and died in Lansingburgh.

title: Lansingburgh, New York


text:
Runny Babbit

Runny Babbit: A Billy Sook is a children's book by Shel Silverstein. A work in progress for the better part of 20 years, the book was published posthumously in 2005. The book is largely composed of spoonerisms in rhyming verse.

Plot
Other than speaking only in spoonerisms, Runny is a normal child. He has many friends, and two loving parents, his "Dummy and Mad," who often remind him to "Shake a tower," "Dash the wishes," "Trush your beeth," "Rean up your cloom," and other chores.

title: Runny Babbit


text:
User talk:Click here for sandbox

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
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-- 02:31, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

This account appears to be one of a series of recently-created intentionally confusing "click here" accounts, and has been blocked for this reason. You can still edit this talk page, please reply here. -- Curps 02:38, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Click here for sandbox


text:
Poison (Bell Biv DeVoe song)

"Poison" is the debut single of American vocal group Bell Biv DeVoe, released as the first single from their debut album of the same name. The song, in the style of new jack swing, a late-1980s/early-1990s hybrid of R&B, hip hop and swing, was the group's most successful.

Background and information
The song was written and produced by Elliot Straite (Dr. Freeze). Straite had originally planned to feature the song on his own album, but plans changed when the members of Bell Biv DeVoe heard his demo version. "When the guys heard it, they went nuts. I didn't think that record was going to be that big because it was a personal love letter to my ex-girlfriend at the time. It wasn't a song at first. It was a letter. When I wrote it as a song, I let a lot of my friends hear it, and they said it was weird. After that, I put the music together. I was thinking I wasn't going to be on the album because such heavyweights were already on it. I ended up having two songs on the album: 'Poison' and 'She's Dope!'." Straite cited German electronic group Kraftwerk and Latin musicians Tito Puente and Mongo Santamaria as influences on the song's sound and production.

Chart performance
On the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart, "Poison" rose from number fifty-two to number thirty-eight in the week of April 14, 1990, and eventually peaked at number three for four consecutive weeks, beginning on June 9, 1990. The single also peaked at number one on the Hot Black Singles chart for two weeks. "Poison" became one of the most successful singles of 1990 (see 1990 in music), and was a staple on MTV and mainstream radio in the summer, spending ten weeks in the Top 10. The single peaked at number seven on the dance charts. "Poison" was certified platinum by the RIAA on June 1, 1990 for sales of over one million copies.

Music video
The official music video for the song was directed by Lionel C. Martin. The predominant color is purple. It takes place at a club, an old basketball court and a schoolyard.

title: Poison (Bell Biv DeVoe song)


text:
USS SC-1329

USS SC-1329 was an SC-497-class submarine chaser in the United States Navy.

SC-1329 was laid down 10 October 1942, by Simms Brothers, Dorchester, Massachusetts, and was launched 19 April 1943. The ship was commissioned 8 May 1943.

USS SC-1329 served in the English Channel and was based in Portsmouth, England. She participated in the June 1944 Normandy landings.

The ship returned to Miami in June–July 1945 to prepare for assignment to war in the Pacific. She was transferred to the United States Coast Guard on 7 February 1946. The ship was sold to a business in Brooklyn, NY and became a day fishing boat named the F/V Elmar. It was resold and relocated to Florida. It finally was sunk in 1979 in the St. Johns River in Florida.

title: USS SC-1329


text:
Walter Mignolo

Walter D. Mignolo (born May 1, 1941) is an Argentine semiotician (School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences) and professor at Duke University, US, who has published extensively on semiotics and literary theory, and worked on different aspects of the modern and colonial world, exploring concepts such as decoloniality, global coloniality, the geopolitics of knowledge, transmodernity, border thinking, and pluriversality. He is one of the founders of the modernity/coloniality critical school of thought.

Work
Mignolo received his BA in Philosophy from the National University of Córdoba, Argentina in 1969. In 1974 he obtained his Ph.D. from the École des Hautes Études, Paris. He subsequently taught at the Universities of Toulouse, Indiana, and Michigan.

Since January 1993, Walter D. Mignolo has been the William H. Wannamaker Professor of Literature and Romance Studies at Duke University, USA, and has joint appointments in Cultural Anthropology and Romance Studies.

Mignolo co-edits the web dossier, Worlds and Knowledges Otherwise. He is the academic director of "Duke in the Andes", an interdisciplinary program in Latin American and Andean Studies in Quito, Ecuador, at the Politecnica Salesiana University. Since 2000, he has directed the Center for Global Studies and the Humanities, a research unit within the John Hope Franklin Center for Interdisciplinary and International Studies at Duke. He has also been named Permanent Researcher at Large at the Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar in Quito, Ecuador.

Recently, Mignolo has ventured into what he calls "decolonial aesthetics" writing on artists Pedro Lasch, Fred Wilson, and Tanja Ostojić. He contributed to Black Mirror/Espejo Negro, a book on the works of Pedro Lasch, edited by Lasch, published by Duke University Press.

Publications

 * 1992: The Darker Side of the Renaissance: Colonization and the Discontinuity of the Classical Tradition, Renaissance Quarterly. Vol. 45, No. 4 (Winter, 1992), pp. 808–828. The University of Chicago Press.
 * 1994: Writing Without Words: Alternative Literacies in Mesoamerica and the Andes, co-edited with Elizabeth H. Boone.
 * 1994-95: The Americas: Loci of Enunciations and Imaginary Constructions.
 * 1995 The Darker Side of the Renaissance: Literacy, Territoriality, & Colonization, University of Michigan Press. Katherine Singer Kovács Prize from the Modern Language Association.
 * 1999: Local Histories/Global Designs: Coloniality, Subaltern Knowledges and Border Thinking
 * 2001: Capitalismo y Geopolitica del Conocimiento: El Eurocentrismo y La Filosofia de La Liberacion En El Debate Intelectual Contemporaneo, Coleccion Plural by Ulises Barrera and Walter Mignolo.
 * 2001 "Coloniality of Power and Subalternity" in The Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader Duke University Press: Durham and London, 2001
 * 2002: Vicissitudes of Theory. Contributors: Alberto Moreiras, Barbara Herrnstein Smith, Walter D. Mignolo, Slavoj Zizek, Rey Chow, Ralph A. Litzinger.
 * 2003: 2nd edition: The Darker Side of the Renaissance: Literacy, Territoriality, Colonization. In Spanish: El lado más oscuro del renacimiento: alfabetización, territorialidad y colonización. http://www.unicauca.edu.co/editorial/, Popayán, Cauca
 * 2003: ''Historias Locales / Disenos Globales: Colonialidad, Conocimientos Subalternos Y Pensamiento Fronterizo (Cuestiones De Antagonismo) 456 p., Akal Ediciones Sa.
 * 2005: The Idea of Latin America, Frantz Fanon Prize for Outstanding Book in Caribbean Thoughts by The Caribbean Philosophical Association.
 * 2006: Interculturalidad, descolonizacion del estado y del conocimiento/ Interculturality, Descolonization of The State and Knowledge with Catherine Walsh and Alvaro Garcia Linera. 123p.
 * 2007: Cultural Studies on "Globalization and the Decolonial Option." with Arturo Escobar 21/2-3, March.
 * 2007: Geopolíticas de la Animación, Marco, Centro Andalúz de Arte Contemporáneo.
 * 2008: Rereading the Black Legend: The Discourses of Religious and Racial Difference in the Renaissance Empires. Margaret R. Greer, Maureen Quilligan and Walter Mignolo, Eds.
 * 2009: Dispensable and Bare Lives: Coloniality and the Hidden Political/Economic Agenda of Modernity, In Historicizing Anti-Semitism, Proceedings of the International Conference on the Post-September 11 New Ethnic/Racial Configurations in Europe and the United States: The Case of Anti-Semitism Maison des Science de l'Home (MSH) Paris, June 29–30, 2007. Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge: Vol. 7: Iss. 2, Article 7.
 * 2011: The Darker Side of Western Modernity: Global Futures, Decolonial Options (Latin America Otherwise). Duke University Press Books, 458 p.
 * 2018: On Decoloniality: Concept, Analytics, Praxis co-authored with Catherine Walsh. Duke University Press
 * 2021: The Politics of Decolonial Investigations (On Decoloniality). Duke University Press

title: Walter Mignolo


text:
User talk:D24

Welcome!
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the New user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
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 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Check out Redwolf24's Bootcamp! Redwolf is a very friendly user, and this page might prove useful to you.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Though we all make mistakes at some point, here is what Wikipedia is not, which might help you out. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages, add a question to the village pump, or ask me. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing! - User:Mys e kurity|Mysekurity ]] additions | e-mail ]]02:33, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:D24


text:
User talk:Whatever you do dont click here

Your username seems to be one of a series of recently-created intentionally confusing usernames, and has been blocked for this reason. You can still edit this talk page, please reply here. -- Curps 02:34, 12 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
Mitsubishi Endeavor

The Mitsubishi Endeavor is a mid-size crossover SUV built by Mitsubishi Motors at their manufacturing facility in Normal, Illinois from 2003 until 2011. Based on the PS platform, it was the first vehicle built under Mitsubishi's "Project America", a program aimed at introducing vehicles for North America without having to compromise for, or accommodate, global markets.

Design
Its design origins can be traced back to the Mitsubishi SSU which debuted at the 1999 North American International Auto Show, although the Endeavor does not share the concept's mechanical underpinnings. The prototype was powered by a 305 hp version of the 6A13TT 2.5-liter twin-turbo V6, which directed the power to a full-time all-wheel drive system through its INVECS-II five-speed automatic transmission and AYC. When the Endeavor debuted in March 2003, it used the 6G75 3.8-liter V6 offering 215 hp and 250 lbft, mated to a four-speed automatic transmission with an optional all-wheel-drive system that splits the torque 50/50 by default.

Despite some reasonably favorable reviews on its release, the Endeavor's performance in the marketplace failed to meet Mitsubishi's expectations. On its release in March 2003 the company aimed for 80,000 annual sales but had achieved only 32,054 by the end of its debut year, and sales fell every year thereafter.

History
In April 2004, the Endeavor received a mid-year upgrade, improving standard equipment which now included daytime running lamps, dual-stage airbags with occupant sensors in front, and a tire-pressure monitor amongst others. Some versions received additional upgrades, such as standard side impact airbags on the XLS, while new options included a rear-seat DVD system and traction and stability control. The 2004.5 update also brought a slight increase in power, up to 225 hp and 255 lbft. The Endeavor received a mild restyle for the 2006 model year.

Mitsubishi did not produce any 2009 Endeavor models for the retail market. However, they did produce a 2009 model for fleet customers which shared the exterior appearance with the incoming 2010 model and came equipped with cloth interior and Bluetooth. For the 2010 model year, the Endeavor received a facelift, with new front and rear facias. The 2010 Endeavor went on sale in June 2009. It only came in one trim level for 2010, lacking the navigation package of the 2008 Limited trim, but equipped with leather seating and hands-free Bluetooth calling.

On April 25, 2011, it was announced that Endeavor production would end in August 2011.

title: Mitsubishi Endeavor


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Half-Life 2/Archive 1

Half-Life 2
Self-nomination and also re-nom. Originally submitted by me back in June of this year, the article has come a long way, and many changes have been made to fix it up. A very interesting and notable computer game. Thunderbrand 02:46, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Support, although I have made considerable contributions to this article, I do feel the article is comprehensive and a good all-around article. For whatever it is worth. K1Bond007 06:33, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Object the lead has to be double the current size. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  12:31, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * How is it now? I think its summarized a bit better. Thunderbrand 14:25, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Well done. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  17:49, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Object: Overuse of screenshots. The images Image:Breen1HL2.jpg, Image:Antlions1HL2.jpg, Image:City17HL2.jpg, and Image:ManhacksHL2.jpg are not discussed in the article, and should probably be removed. --Carnildo 19:47, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually the first three are discussed, the last one isn't though (at least specifically, it is in a section talking about the character - allies & enemies in the game. I think that's fair enough) Definitely not overuse and the screenshots add greatly to the article. K1Bond007 19:56, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree with K1Bond007. The screenshots help greatly and aren't overused. Thunderbrand 20:29, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Of the four, Image:Breen1HL2.jpg doesn't appear show anything significant about the game. Image:Antlions1HL2.jpg, Image:City17HL2.jpg, and Image:ManhacksHL2.jpg are all used to illustrate combat, so all but one of them should be removed. --Carnildo 05:24, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Image:Breen1HL2.jpg shows a signifcant part of the storyline. Thunderbrand 16:38, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid I disagree, yet again. It is an important moment in the game and is illustrated in the plot summary. There's absolutely no reason to remove it. K1Bond007 21:00, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Object—No mention of platforms: Mac and Windows, when/if? No mention of releases in countries other than what I presume is the US, as though that's the only country in the world. Prose not 'compeling, even brilliant'. Things like:
 * '1998's'
 * 'leaked TO the internet'? This is not the right preposition. Upper-case I for Internet, still.
 * 'advancements'—hello?
 * 'during the course of conducting an experiment'—which four words are redundant here?
 * dot after 'Dr' is now very old-fashioned.
 * 'Two distinctive elements from the original Half-Life are preserved:
 * Freeman is a silent protagonist
 * The entire game is viewed through Freeman's eyes (i.e. there are no cut scenes)'—comma after 'e,g.', and format this as the single sentence that you apparently intended it to be.

The whole text needs a thorough edit. Tony 14:30, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I think I addressed most of your concerns. However, you need to clarify a couple so I know what is wrong:
 * What is wrong with using "1998's"?
 * "advancements" - same as above. "hello?" doesn't give me much to go by. Thunderbrand 15:25, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * 1998s doesn't need an apostrophe and advancements is a confused word that means the same as the more simple - advances (grammatically it doesn't seem correct, but I can't work out why). In general the text has improved since my last read though, but it feels odd being dropped straight into the plot, neutral.--nixie 23:33, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Support The article does a good job of summing up both the game, its development, and the issues surrounding it. InvictaHOG 23:54, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Object First there are several minor issues, the Plot gets way too detailed in some places (ex: there is no reason to mention a detail like "breifly transporting Gordon to the office of Doctor Breen twice"). Also in Narration the use of "it" when describing speculation is inappropriate, and should be rewritten. (Ex. "In Half-Life it could be said" What is "it"?, who is saying "it"?) The article is also missing a Reception and awards section. Except for a brief mention in the intro, the article does not describe how the game was recieved and if the game won any awards. (Didn't Half-Life 2 win a Game Developer's Choice Award?) MechBrowman 03:24, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It doesn't get that detailed, and when it does, it is necessary. When Gordon gets transported to Dr. Breen's office in the beginning, it basically sets off the whole game. The Combine, and even Breen, don't even know of his existence in the city up until that point, hence it is a major part of the story, which is why the screenshot is included. Thunderbrand 17:08, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Except that isn't necessary at all to the summary. Of course that is important to make the story make sense, but only when your playing it. When you are summarizing the game keep it simple.  Remove some of the detail and just say something similar to "Alerted to Gordan's presence, Breen sends the combine after him." MechBrowman 18:42, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Object There's no information about the leak at all. Nothing about the hacker who stole the entire source code then released it on the net. There's nothing about the extended release dates, the stories cooked up by Valve or any of the actual interesting prose regarding its development at all. Nothing about its fan support either. James Pinnell 09:15, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * If you read the lead paragraph, it mentions the source code leak, which directs you to the Half-Life 2 controversies and criticisms page. The Half-Life 2 page was getting to large and most of the stuff was moved to that page, as well as others. Thunderbrand 17:08, 16 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
Raider Nation

Raider Nation is the official name for the fans of the National Football League (NFL)'s Las Vegas Raiders (formerly the Oakland Raiders and the Los Angeles Raiders). Fan Jim Hudson coined the term in the 1990s when the Raiders returned to Oakland after a long hiatus in Los Angeles, thus becoming a team with a regional fanbase.

The team's fans devotion is chronicled in Better to Reign in Hell, a book written by San Diego English professor Jim Miller and Kelly Mayhew, who are Raiders fans.

Characteristics
The city of Oakland's working-class background and "underdog status" compared to its neighboring city of San Francisco is cited as the foundation of the Raider Nation and its image, as is the influence of "outlaws" such as owner Al Davis and players like Ted Hendricks, John Matuszak, Bob Brown, Ken Stabler, Jack Tatum, and Lyle Alzado in creating a bad boy image. The team's aggressive style of play during the 1970s and 1980s, when the Raiders won their three Super Bowls, is also mentioned. This perception did not change when the Raiders moved to Los Angeles, but the move did diversify their fan base to include more Latinos and African Americans, and the Raiders would become increasingly associated with West Coast gangsta rap groups like N.W.A or Cypress Hill during this period. Multiple heavy metal bands would also express their support for the team such as Metallica, Slayer, Testament, Machine Head, Megadeth, and more. This association would lead to the Raider Nation to grow a reputation as a gritty, intimidating notoriety amongst fans and celebrities alike; spreading across the country as fans express their longtime devotion to the team.

Members of Raider Nation take pride in their image, and many of the most devoted Raiders fans dress up in elaborate costumes on game day. Many of these costumes are intended to be intimidating and eccentric while also adhering to the Raiders' silver and black color scheme, and many fans also create alter egos for these characters as well. These fans are typically the ones that are most associated with the Raider Nation and The Black Hole. Late actress and singer Naya Rivera was a notable fan, her brother Mychal has played tight end for the team between 2013 and 2016. Rapper Ice Cube is one of their best known fans, having been a vocal supporter since the 1980s, he has written songs about the team and has appeared in many videos promoting the team.

"The Autumn Wind", developed in 1974, has become the fight song of Raider Nation and can be heard aloud at every game.

Notable Fans

 * 50 Cent
 * Anthony Kiedis
 * Axl Rose
 * B Real
 * Billie Joe Armstrong
 * Blackie Lawless
 * Bray Wyatt
 * Bret Hart
 * Carlos Santana
 * Carson Daly
 * Chino Moreno
 * Chuck Billy
 * Dave Mustaine
 * Eazy E
 * Eddie Van Halen
 * Fieldy
 * Fred Durst
 * Gabriel Iglesias
 * George Lopez
 * Guy Fieri
 * Hunter S. Thompson
 * Hudson Rua Mahoney
 * Ice Cube
 * Ice T
 * Ivan Moody
 * James Garner
 * James Hetfield
 * Jeff Hanneman
 * Joe Satriani
 * Kerry King
 * Lars Frederiksen
 * MC Hammer
 * Mick Thomson
 * Naya Rivera
 * Neal Schon
 * Robb Flynn
 * Ronda Rousey
 * Sen Dog
 * Shannon Larkin
 * Shavo Odadjian
 * Steve Aoki
 * Tiger Woods
 * Tom Hanks
 * Tommy Shaw
 * Zoltan Bathory
 * Yukmouth
 * Jay Briscoe

title: Raider Nation


text:
User:Vytis1

Nationality: Lithuanian What I do: Love to contribute to the Lithuanian sports pages.

International
lt:User:Vytis1

title: User:Vytis1


text:
René Piché

René Louis Piché (May 5, 1931 – January 22, 2011) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1981 to 1985 who represented the northern Ontario riding of Cochrane North. He served as a minister without portfolio in the cabinet of Frank Miller. He was mayor of Kapuskasing from 1971 to 1980 and again from 1991 to 1993.

Background
Piché was born in Cache Bay, Ontario in 1931 to parents Louis Piché and Églantine Nadon. He was one of four children. He lived in Kapuskasing and later Orleans, Ontario. In 1951, he married Olga Kowaluk and together they raised four children. In 1961 he founded a newspaper called the Northern Times and remained president and publisher until 1998. He was also the founding chairman of Northeastern Ontario Municipalities Action Group, serving for nine years as its chairman between 1972 and 1980. In addition, Piché served as a member of the Ontario Northland Transportation Commission for seven years from 1973 to 1980.

Politics
In 1971, Piché was elected mayor of Kapuskasing and served in that position until 1980.

In the 1981 provincial election he ran as the Progressive Conservative candidate in the riding of Cochrane North, defeating Liberal candidate Jean-Paul Bourgeault by 188 votes. He served as a backbench supporter of Bill Davis's government for four years. In 1983 he was appointed as Parliamentary Assistant to the Minister of Revenue. When Frank Miller became Premier in 1985, he appointed Piché as Minister without portfolio responsible for northern transportation.

The Progressive Conservatives were reduced to a tenuous minority government in the 1985 provincial election. Piché was defeated losing to Liberal René Fontaine by 1,910 votes. He formally resigned from cabinet on May 17, 1985.

Piché attempted to return to the Ontario legislature in the 1990 provincial election, but finished third against New Democrat Len Wood.

He later returned to municipal politics, and again served as Kapuskasing's mayor in the 1991 and served one term until 1993.

title: René Piché


text:
User talk:Click here for a once in a lifetime offer!

This account appears to be one of a series of recently-created intentionally confusing "click here" accounts, and has been blocked for this reason. You can still edit this talk page, please reply here. -- Curps 02:37, 12 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
Sekolah Tuanku Abdul Rahman

Sekolah Tuanku Abdul Rahman (Tuanku Abdul Rahman School; abbreviated STAR) is an all-boys fully residential school in Malaysia funded by the Government of Malaysia. Named after the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) of the Federation of Malaya, Almarhum Seri Paduka Baginda Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad, it is located in Ipoh, Perak. The school started at an army camp in Baeza Avenue (now known as Jalan Hospital). Formerly known as Malay Secondary School, the school was built by the Malayan government in 1957. In 2011, the school was awarded with the Sekolah Berprestasi Tinggi or High Performance School title, a title awarded to schools in Malaysia that have met stringent criteria including academic achievement, strength of alumni, international recognition, network and linkages.

Notable alumni
The alumni or old boys of the school are affiliated to STAROBA, the Sekolah Tuanku Abdul Rahman Old Boys’ Association. The society is involved in activities like Old Boys Weekend and other sporting events involving alumni of other schools. The current president of the association is Faizal Othman.

Notable alumni include:

 * Mohd Redzuan Md Yusof - Former Minister of Entrepreneur Development
 * Md Raus Sharif - Former Chief Justice of Malaysia
 * Awang Adek Hussin - Former Ambassador of Malaysia to the United States of America and Former Deputy Ministry of Finance (Malaysia)
 * Hamzah Zainuddin - Former Deputy Minister of Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities (Malaysia)
 * Idris Jusoh - Former Terengganu chief minister, Former Chairman of MARA (Majlis Amanah Rakyat), Former Education and Higher Learning Minister II
 * Annuar Musa - Former Minister of Youth and Sports
 * Mohd Zaid Ibrahim - Prominent Malaysian lawyer, Former Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of legal affairs and judicial reforms
 * Abdul Samad Alias - Former President of the Malaysian Institute of Certified Public Accountants, President of the Malaysian Institute of Accountants

title: Sekolah Tuanku Abdul Rahman


text:
Borysów

Borysów may refer to:
 * Barysaw, Belarus - Borysów in Polish
 * Borysów, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)

title: Borysów


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Runny Babbit

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy keep: a complete rewrite. mikka (t) 22:50, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Runny Babbit
General sillyness RoySmith 02:39, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I withdraw my delete vote as nominator; with Isotope23's rewrite, this is an obvious keeper.  It's actually kind of cool; we went from a request for speedy delete, to AfD, to a keepable article, all in less than a day.  At this rate, we'll have a Featured Article candidate by the end of the voting period :-) --RoySmith 18:45, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete as advertisement with a bit of nonsense thrown in. Silly, but not good enough for BJAODN. --Jacquelyn Marie 02:54, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Not silly as an article, it's just about Shel Silverstein's last book. Delete since all the information is already in the Shel Silverstein article. --Metropolitan90 03:48, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. This book appears to have widely reviewed and is by a notable author. I would vote to keep a decent stub. However, this is an article stating that the author hasn't read the book but you should. I will vote to delete it unless a decent stub or article is written. Capitalistroadster 04:10, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Shel Silverstein. --Apyule 07:58, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect per above. PacknCanes 17:00, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I rewrote the article.... please take a look. Several of his other books have individual articles.  Beyond that, several other children's authors have books with individual articles.  Barring keep though, I'd go with a redirect.--Isotope23 17:36, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Looks good to me. Good work, sir -- I change my vote to keep. PacknCanes 18:23, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand Isotope23's good little stub. Thanks to him for the rewrite. Capitalistroadster 18:30, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Nice work! the wub  "?!"  20:03, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
The Massacre at Paris

The Massacre at Paris is an Elizabethan play by the English dramatist Christopher Marlowe (1593) and a Restoration drama by Nathaniel Lee (1689), the latter chiefly remembered for a song by Henry Purcell. Both concern the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre, which took place in Paris in 1572, and the part played by the Duc de Guise in those events.

Marlowe's play
The Lord Strange's Men acted a play titled The Tragedy of the Guise, thought to be Marlowe's play, on 26 January 1593. The Diary of Philip Henslowe marks the play as "ne," though scholars disagree as to whether this indicates a "new" play or a performance at the Newington Butts theatre. The Admiral's Men performed The Guise or The Massacre ten times between 19 June and 25 September 1594. The Diary also indicates that Henslowe planned a revival of the play in 1602, possibly in a revised version. A possible revision may have something to do with the surprising number of Shakespearean borrowings and paraphrases in the text.

The only surviving text is an undated octavo edition, that at 1,250 or so lines seems too short to represent the complete original play and which has been conjectured to be a memorial reconstruction by the actors who performed the work.

One page perhaps survives in manuscript. It is known as the "Collier leaf," after the Shakespearean scholar John Payne Collier, who is known to have been a notorious forger, although modern scholars think that this particular leaf is probably authentic. It supplies a longer version of a speech of the Guise's than appears in the printed text, adding twelve lines of blank verse.

Synopsis of Marlowe's play
The play begins in Paris, at the wedding of Henry of Navarre (a Huguenot noble) to Margaret of Valois (sister to the Catholic king). It is immediately clear that the Queen Mother, Catherine de' Medici, has violent intentions towards Navarre, and the Huguenots have a deep distrust of the Catholics, who are under the leadership of the Duke of Guise (who quickly makes it clear he intends to murder the Queen of Navarre and one of her admirals).

Guise's plot is executed quickly, with the Queen of Navarre receiving poisoned gloves and her admiral being shot by a sniper as he helps carry the Queen of Navarre's body. The admiral does not die but is instead gravely injured. The royal family and the Guise faction leaders begin to plot a massacre while Charles, the King of France, visits the wounded admiral.

The admiral is soon murdered in his bed by Guise nobles, and the massacre spreads throughout Paris. Henry of Navarre is held inside the palace, the marriage between himself and the Catholic princess proving to have been useless in stemming an uprising.

The massacre, led by Guise and his close compatriots, calls for the blood of Huguenots, especially any Huguenots who have close ties to the Navarre line (including tutors and pastors). The massacre is considered successful, and the Queen Mother calls her son back from abroad to be crowned Henry III of France. He is welcomed and feted by his mother, who makes it clear to those in court that she is still the real power behind the throne and that she makes all the decisions.

Navarre is able to escape during this time and return to his home territory. He discovers Guise is raising an army to come after him, led by a general named Joyeux. Navarre immediately raises his own army and sends them to meet the French army before they reach his homeland. Navarre soon receives word that Joyeux has been killed and they have achieved a decisive victory against the French.

Guise is angered by his defeat, and Henry III is ready to be done with Guise entirely. Word of this plan reaches not only Guise, who begins to plan a counterattack, but also Navarre, who sends word to Henry III that he would like to join forces against the Guise. But before the two can combine their forces, Henry III convinces Guise to attend the royal court at Blois. There he has Guise murdered by three assassins and shows the body to Guise's son so that word of what has been done will get out to the people. He also orders the Duke's brothers Dumaine and the Cardinal of Lorraine murdered to reduce the risk of revenge. Henry informs his mother of what he has done, and she is saddened and angry that he has acted on his own without her. Dumaine learns of his brothers murders, and a Jacobin friar offers to assassinate Henry III.

The two Kings of France and Navarre join forces against the Catholic League in Paris. Pretending to deliver a letter, the friar stabs Henry III, who kills the friar in the struggle. When it becomes clear that the King will not survive, he names Navarre as heir to the French throne. The play ends with Navarre, now Henry IV, vowing yet more revenge on the Catholic League.

Adaptations of Marlowe's play
An adaptation of the play was broadcast on BBC Radio 3 on 30 May 1993, the 400th anniversary of Marlowe's death, along with Dido, Queen of Carthage, directed by Allen Drury and Michael Earley and featuring Timothy Walker as Anjou, Jeremy Blake as the Duke of Guise, Sally Dexter as Queen Catherine, Ben Thomas as Navarre, Teresa Gallagher as Margaret/Duchess of Guise and Andrew Wincott as Conde/Mugeroun/Son of Guise.

Lee's play
Nathaniel Lee's play The Massacre of Paris was written during the 1680s when the author was in and out of Bedlam. The premiere took place in 1689.

Henry Purcell set the prophecy addressed to Charles IX from act V, "Thy genius, lo", in two versions, the one for baritone (Z 604a) appearing in Orpheus Britannicus. For a revival in 1695 he recast the speech as a recitative for treble.

title: The Massacre at Paris


text:
Zasław

Zasław may refer to:

 * Historical name for Zasłaŭje, a historic town in Minsk Province, Belarus
 * Historical name for Iziaslav (also Zaslav), Ukraine
 * Zasław concentration camp, a Nazi concentration camp in Zasław (now part of Zagórz), Poland
 * Neal Zaslaw (born 1939), American musicologist

title: Zasław


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Howard Wilen

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedied Wikibofh 14:33, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Howard Wilen
nn vanity RoySmith 02:39, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Teachers, especially ones this young, are generally not notable. Delete. --Jacquelyn Marie 02:55, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Another non-notable educator - doesn't even have his doctorate yet. Delete. Eddie.willers 03:11, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete as a biography about a real person that does not assert notability. --rob 03:16, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Magé

Magé is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro.

Magepe-Mirim was established in 1566 by Portuguese colonists. It is considered to be a calm place, especially compared to nearby Rio.

Politics
In the October 5th, 2008 municipal elections, Núbia Cozzolino was re-elected mayor with 51% of the vote but had her mandate revoked in 2009 after being impeached on various corruption charges. She was succeeded by her deputy Rozan Gomes who was also impeached resulting in a by-election. On 31 July 2011, Nestor Vidal of PMDB won with 68.62% of the vote.

Geography
Magé borders Petrópolis to the north, Duque de Caxias to west, Guapimirim to the east and Guanabara Bay to the south.

The climate is tropical throughout the municipality, except in areas near the Serra dos Órgãos with a subtropical highland climate.

The municipality contains part of the Central Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest Mosaic, created in 2006. It also contains the 14,146 ha Suruí Environmental Protection Area.

Demographics
According to then-mayor Nestor Vidal, the high index of growth in population is caused by low taxes and low prices of homes in the city. As of 2020, the population is 246,433, up from the approx. 90,000 in the 1960s. According to the 2009 census, whites constituted 15.2% of the demographic makeup, browns (mulatos) were 66.6%, and blacks were 19.1%. Other races represented 0.01% of the population in Magé. Class A population was 1.5%, Class B 46.2%, Class C 47.1% and Class D 6.2%. This indicates the index of poverty is high in the city; more than 55% are living in the poverty line in Magé.

Notable people
The Brazilian Internationally well known soccer player Mané Garrincha was born in Magé (Pau Grande) in October 28, 1933.

title: Magé


text:
Talk:Dorbod Banner

Inner Mongolia != Mongolia
Hehe, sorry, I got a bit mixed up there, thanks Evil Monkey =) I'm not that good with Chinese geography even though I was born in Mainland China x_x, I should be ashamed. -Tcwd (talk) 02:40, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Dorbod Banner


text:
Jim O'Brien (basketball, born 1952)

James Francis Xavier O'Brien (born February 11, 1952) is an American basketball coach who is currently senior advisor for the Philadelphia 76ers. O'Brien was previously an assistant and head coach at both the college and NBA levels and was head coach at Wheeling Jesuit from 1982 to 1987, Dayton from 1989 to 1994, the Boston Celtics from 2001 to 2004, Philadelphia 76ers in 2004–05, and Indiana Pacers from 2007 to 2011.

Early life and education
O'Brien is the son-in-law of Hall of Fame coach Jack Ramsay. Born and raised in Philadelphia, O'Brien graduated from Roman Catholic High School of Philadelphia in 1970 and St. Joseph's University in 1974. At St. Joseph's, O'Brien started on the Hawks basketball team for three seasons. He earned an M.B.A. from the University of Maryland in 1981.

Coaching career
O'Brien was also head coach at Wheeling Jesuit University from 1982 to 1987 and the University of Dayton from 1989 to 1994. He led the Dayton Flyers to the second round of the NCAA tournament in his first season, after winning the Midwestern Collegiate Conference; however he led the Flyers to just 10 wins in his last two seasons at the school and was fired after the 1993–1994 season. O'Brien then served as an assistant coach to Rick Pitino at the University of Kentucky from 1994 to 1997 and then with the Boston Celtics from 1997 to 2001.

O'Brien was the head coach of the Boston Celtics from 2001–2004, replacing Rick Pitino. He worked to rebuild the struggling Celtics and led them twice to the playoffs. During the 2003–04 NBA season, however, O'Brien consistently fought with Celtics' general manager Danny Ainge over short-term versus long-term goals. Ainge was looking to completely redo the roster, and traded Eric Williams and Tony Battie, two of O'Brien's favorite hardworking players in December 2003. As a result of the conflict, O'Brien shocked everyone in the Celtics community by resigning in January 2004.

He was hired as head coach of the Philadelphia 76ers during the 2004–05 season. The 76ers made the playoffs in his one season as coach after missing the postseason the previous year, and although O'Brien had a multiyear contract, he was fired. Billy King hired Maurice Cheeks as head coach after Cheeks was fired by the Portland Trail Blazers.

The Indianapolis Star reported on May 31, 2007, that he would coach the Indiana Pacers. He replaced Rick Carlisle, who was fired after four years, when the team failed in 2006–07 to make the playoffs for the first time in a decade. On January 31, 2011, Pacers President of Basketball Operations Larry Bird relieved O'Brien of his coaching duties. He was replaced by assistant Frank Vogel on an interim basis, who remained as the Pacers' head coach until the 2015–16 season.

In the season, O'Brien was an assistant coach for the Dallas Mavericks. After the season, O'Brien retired from the team to spend more time with family.

In 2016, O'Brien was hired by the Philadelphia 76ers as an assistant coach to Brett Brown.

Broadcasting career
O'Brien was also an analyst for ESPN's NBA coverage from 2005 to 2007.

Personal life
O'Brien's son, Jack O'Brien, is a noted internet comedian and podcast host.

title: Jim O'Brien (basketball, born 1952)


text:
User:Greenmonkey

ÁŇĐ łĤË mÖĹé ľŠ ĆĴĆ ĖĤ ĖĤ

--Greenmonkey 02:41, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Greenmonkey