text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Adam1213 2

 * The following discussion is preserved as an archive of a request for adminship that did not succeed. Please do not modify it.

Adam1213
[ Vote here] (0/4/1) ending 11:18 [October 21, 2005] (UTC)

– [I remove vandalism]
 * I want to be an admin  ☺ A  d a m 1213  ☺ | talk  06:06, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Support

Oppose
 * 1) This candidate might be doing a good job at removing vandalism, but I doubt  he is ready enough for administrator powers. Try again in several months (not in one week). Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 06:06, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose. I hate to come off the bat with this, but I feel like  not enough time has passed since your last RfA, which is listed below. I think the more appropriate choice would have been to create a new RfA page, but link to this one. Either way, I think it's still too soon. Ëvilphoenix Burn! 06:15, 14 October 2005 (UTC) Strong Oppose. User blanked my oppose vote the first time I posted it, amongst re-factoring this page: . User has also been engaging in asking for support on IRC, which I object to.  Ëvilphoenix Burn! 06:19, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Strong Oppose My interaction with this user (realtime on irc)  has shown me that he's a little bit immature. His reaction style can also be seen at User_talk:JIP when JIP ask him to put a different topic under the header section of a different topic. I don't know if it bad faith or not, but he was still not understanding somethign as simple as starting a new section when editing a   page, so I don't feel comfortable giving him the shotgun. Moreover, this renomination a week from the closing of the past one is more evidence about the immaturity of this user (he can't stand the result and he can't wait until the issues are fixed). So no, this user cannot have the shotgun.
 * Although he also seems overly eager to get the admin bit, it seems to me that he fails to show complete understanding about what adminship is about (it is NOT just the rollback button for RC) after all, no big deal, right? Also, pretty much never uses edit summaries.
 * Also, about my comments below about he believing adminship = RCpatrol and RCpatrol is a race against time. In his hurry he is sometimes reckless, reverting and moving on without bothering to check the article's history for the last good version or simply reverting to the bad version: or  when actually thr the last good version by Rdsmith4 was a few versions behind . Fixing vandalism is more than just clicking rollback as it seems to him, it implies checking history and sometimes *gasp* doing manual reverts.
 * So let it be clear thatn I'm not opposing basing on editcount. -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 06:58, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * When reading his comments, it appears that he was using the "+" button like I told him to, but leaving out the section title. This caused the text to still appear under the previous section. He has now learned to write proper section titles and I feel the matter is settled now. — J I P | Talk 07:01, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose I don't think that Adam1213 has shown the understanding of Wikipedia policies and practice needed to be an admin. Fighting vandalism is commendable, but it isn't a good way to pick Administrators. --Apyule 06:45, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Exactly, adminship is not the same as RC patrolling. -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 06:58, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Neutral
 * 1) I feel awful writing this after having been in a personal dispute with the user mere minutes ago, but I don't think he's quite experienced enough yet. — J I P  | Talk 06:25, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Comments
 * Could you expand further on the questions? How do you plan on helping users on conflicts? Any Main namespace editing contribution you're proud of (that is, nontemplate and nonuserspace? Using edit summaries isn't dealing with hot conflicts. Please expand on your answers. -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 06:00, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Also, can you explain the relevance of the templates Template:Vw Template:Vw2 Template:Vw3 Template:Vw4 Template:Vw5, Template:Vw-n, Template:Vw2-n, Template:Vw3-n, Template:Vw4-n, Template:Vw5-n? They all seem duplicates of the standard "test" templates except for the autosign. Are they really that needed? You say becuase it speeds up vandal warning, but truly, how much time you lose typing ~ ? a second and a half? It's not a race, and in your hurry, you never seem to use  edit summaries, which is much more useful regarding RC than the autosignature.
 * Please don't remove my comments, even after you asnwer them. -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 06:43, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Can you explain which sysop functions you think you need/will use and why, for those things why aren't your current permissions adequate? --pgk( talk ) 07:03, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. I would do RC Patrol a lot. I would help new users trying to work things out and users that cant work something out.
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. My vw (vandalism warning) templates. They have the same naming system as the test
 * ones but they have automatic signatures. This will save time when you are trying to warn
 * users about vandalising and remove vandalism at the same time.
 * Comment: Well, this hurry you have actually hurts more than it helps. Given that you almost never use edit summaries and sometimes youre reckless in your hurry. -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 06:46, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users : have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future?
 * A. yes. I have put the reasons for my opinion in edit sumaries some times messages the user. The problem is normaly solved by just doing this.
 * Comment Yes, most of the times. The question is about the hot conflicts when this is not enough. What would you do in those cases? Block the other party?-- (drini's page| ☎ ) 06:46, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Question Have you been involved in any nasty conflicts? If you have, can you point out some examples, and explain how they were resolved? Thanks, --Apyule 07:02, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

I did not blank the opposed vote or if I did it was an accident

Please speak to me before you vote. Even if you end up voting against me being an admin for some reason you will be able to make a comment. If you want to speak to me you will probably find me in wikipeida-en-vandalism

It has been soted out with jip and he did not ask me about topic. I always click the new section button when adding to someones talk page. With the comment I cant take it when I dont get my way or something like that, that is not right. I like to hear others opinions and come to a conclusion.

I did not remove your commence on purpose I was editing the page and it must of been overwritten

You cant rate a user on how many edits they make entirerly. I have removed lots of vandalism quickly. Try prove me worse than a user that has been on wikipedia a long time. There edits will be greater. But does this mean that if I was an admin and they were an admin they would do a better job? I really dont think so at all, they will contributed to a lot of articles, I will do the same but also remove a lot of vandalism.

Think of the huge ammount of things that I will acomplish for wikipedia not what I already have.

Why do you think that I am not ready for them? If I do not use them how would that be a problem.

Last time... I Stopped it.The link to the things last time (unfortunatly they are mainly bad)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page. No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Garfield High School (California)

James A. Garfield High School is a year-round public high school founded in 1925 in East Los Angeles, an unincorporated section of Los Angeles County, California. At Garfield, 38% of students participate in advanced placement programs. Approximately 93% of the student population comes from disadvantaged backgrounds with limited financial or social opportunities. The school maintains a comprehensive minority admission policy with a 100% minority population.

As of 2020, Garfield is one of the 254 high schools in the Los Angeles Unified School District. The high school's magnet program is dedicated to students aspiring to pursue studies in the field of Computer Science.

Garfield High School gained recognition through the film "Stand and Deliver," which tells the story of teacher Jaime Escalante, and the HBO film "Walkout." The school also hosts the annual homecoming football game known as the East LA Classic, a tradition dating back to 1925.

History
James A. Garfield High School opened in September 1925 on land that was formerly used for agriculture, offering education for students in grades 7th through 12th. The school operated as a six-year institution, allowing students to earn two diplomas: one from Garfield Junior High School after completing the 9th grade, and another from Garfield Senior High School.

In 1926, uniforms were required for girls only, consisting of a navy blue pleated wool skirt, a white middy blouse with a dark blue collar and cuffs, along with the option to wear a black tie. Stockings or socks were part of the uniform and had to be worn at all times.

By the late 1930s, Garfield became overcrowded, leading to the construction of a new Junior High School for grades 7 through 9. This new school was Kern Avenue Junior High School, located on Fourth Street and Kern Avenue, which is now known as Griffith STEAM Magnet Middle School.

The Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) appointed architect George M. Lindsay to design the original Romanesque Revival campus buildings. Today, one of these buildings, known as the '300 Building,' remains, though it has undergone modernization to its front.

In the 1950s and 60s, new classroom buildings were added, along with a library featuring a multistory arcade, guided by the New Formalism architectural style in the 1970s.

During World War II, students from James A. Garfield High School worked at Lockheed and Douglas aircraft plants on war-related machining and assembly projects to support the war effort, earning school credit and pay. The efforts and details about the program at Garfield High School were featured in a film created for Army and Navy servicemen and women in 1944 by the "Army–Navy Screen Magazine." In addition to their contributions to the military, dozens of Garfield students and Japanese-descendant graduates were relocated to internment camps.

At the end of World War II, the need for another city college became evident due to the large number of returning servicemen. During the 1940s, Los Angeles City College (LACC) was the sole city college, but limited and costly transportation made it difficult for many students to attend LACC. Meanwhile, the Eastside was rapidly developing into an industrial center.

To address this need, Arthur Baum, editor of the East Los Angeles Tribune, led a citizens' committee composed of presidents of various clubs and organizations in the community. They collaborated with Principal D. Raymond Brothers of Garfield, County Supervisor Smith, Superintendent Kersey, and several industrial leaders. This group presented the proposition of establishing a Junior College to the Los Angeles City Board of Education in a special meeting on March 1, 1945. The Los Angeles Board of Education voted to establish a Junior College on the Garfield High School campus, which would become East Los Angeles College (ELAC). ELAC became the second city college (or junior college) in the Los Angeles area.

Formally established by the Los Angeles City Board of Education in June 1945, East Los Angeles College opened for classes on September 4, 1945. It initially operated on the Garfield High School campus with 373 students and a faculty of nineteen, although the school board had authorized a faculty of 25, selected from the LACC faculty. Of these students, 107 attended college classes at Garfield, while 266 pursued health careers, primarily nursing, at L.A. County Hospital. The junior college was part of the Los Angeles City Public Schools (now part of the L.A. Unified School District).

The college relocated to its current 82-acre site on Avenida Cesar Chavez in February 1948. It is situated six miles from the Los Angeles Civic Center.

It remained part of the Los Angeles City High School District until 1961 when it merged into LAUSD Garfield High School was one of the five schools that initiated student protests known as the East L.A. walkouts in 1968. On March 26, 1968, the LAUSD Board of Education convened in the auditorium at Lincoln High School to address the students' demands with community members. During this meeting, students representing each of the Eastside high schools handed over leadership to the Educational Issues Coordinating Committee (EICC). In 2006, Garfield also played a role in the walkouts, protesting against the HR 4437 bill.

In 2018, Garfield High School and the five Walkout schools were included on America's 11 Most Endangered Historic Places list by the National Trust for Historic Preservation."

Campus
"On May 20, 2007, the auditorium was completely destroyed when an arsonist set fire to the 82-year-old building. A benefit concert, in collaboration with Los Lobos, was held, and a donation was provided by boxer Oscar De La Hoya.

The Los Angeles Unified School District contends that the 1925 auditorium needs to be rebuilt from the ground up to meet state building codes. However, nine insurers insist that the walls are salvageable and could support a new building, according to district officials.

The main administration building at Garfield, which is attached to the auditorium, must be retrofitted to meet earthquake standards. Officials have not yet determined the extent of demolition required."

On March 31, 2010, a day after the death of Jaime Escalante, the Los Angeles Unified School District announced that the new auditorium under construction at Garfield High would be named in his honor.

On April 1, a memorial service honoring Escalante was held at Garfield High, where he taught from 1974 to 1991. During the service, students observed a moment of silence on the front steps. Approximately 200 people attended the service, as reported by Principal Jose Huerta.

A wake in memory of Jaime Escalante was held on April 17, 2010, in the lecture hall where he taught calculus.

In July 2010, during the school's first summer vacation since 1991, the Administration Building and the remnants of the original Auditorium were demolished. By the beginning of the school year in September, the entire building had been leveled, leaving only a small power plant from the original structure. The school's 300 building is the last remaining structure that dates back to its opening in 1925.

On April 5, 2014, officials from the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) cut the ribbon for Garfield High's Auditorium project. This new facility features state-of-the-art upgrades and the newly created Jaime Escalante Memorial Plaza. The school is renowned for its murals. In 2006, several murals were removed due to structural damage.

Demographics
In 2021, Garfield had 104 full-time teachers serving approximately 2,569 students in grades nine through twelve, resulting in a student-teacher ratio of 25:1. The previous year, in 2020, there were 108 full-time teachers serving about 2,531 students, with a student-teacher ratio of 23:1. In 2019, Garfield served around 2,531 students with a student-teacher ratio of 25:1 and employed 101 full-time teachers.

From the 1930s through the 1950s, Garfield High was predominantly White. However, since the 1960s, the majority of the student body has been Hispanic[22]. In the 2005–2006 school year, the school had a total of 4,620 students, with 99.26% of them identified as Hispanic. The total number of students enrolled in the 2009–2010 academic year was 4,603."

Year-Round Calendar
Garfield was on a year-round, multi-track schedule from July 1991 to June 2010. Initially, there were four tracks (A, B, C, and D), and students were randomly assigned to one of three tracks with alternating two-month vacations. As a result, only three-quarters of the student body were on campus at any given time. In 2010, the school announced that due to the opening of the new Esteban Esteban Torres High School, it would revert to a traditional August–June calendar starting in August 2010.

Academics
Prior to Henry Gradillas' tenure as principal in the 1980s, the average reading level of 10th-grade students (sophomores) was equivalent to that of a student in the second month of the fifth grade, which corresponds to a 5.2 level. Before Gradillas's term, the total number of AP tests taken at Garfield each year was 56.

During Gradillas's term, the average reading level of 12th-grade students (seniors) reached the tenth-grade level, and the annual number of AP tests increased to 357. This increase in the reading level was attributed to the introduction of required reading and remedial English courses for students who were at least three grade levels behind, as well as the implementation of a reading laboratory.

Small Learning Communities (SLCs)
At Garfield, there are Small Learning Communities (SLCs) that divide the student body into smaller academies, each focusing on a particular area of study. These include the Career and Performing Arts Academy, Computer Science Magnet, Global Academy, Humanitas Academy of Leadership and Law, and the University Preparatory Program. These SLCs are housed in separate buildings throughout the campus, with each student being assigned to one.

SLCs were introduced to LAUSD around 2005 as part of an effort to combat the issue of students dropping out of school.

Advanced Placement
Garfield gained renown primarily due to Jaime Escalante, who, in the 1980s, worked alongside Henry Gradillas, the school's administration, to establish an exceptional advanced placement program. In 1982, 18 of Escalante's students successfully passed the advanced placement calculus test. The College Board suspected cheating and required the students to retake the examination. Subsequent testing confirmed that the students had indeed learned the material.

By 1987, 73 students had passed the exam, with another 12 passing the second-year calculus test. The events of 1982 were later immortalized in the popular film "Stand and Deliver," starring Academy Award-nominee Edward James Olmos, released in 1988. By 1990, over 400 students were enrolled in Escalante's math program, spanning from algebra to calculus.

However, in 1991, a dispute with the school administration led to Escalante's departure from the Garfield school system. This resulted in a decline in the number of students passing the calculus exams. By 1996, only seven students passed the basic calculus exam, with four succeeding in the advanced exam. This marked a significant drop from the high of 87 passing students nine years earlier. In 2001, the school showed a slight recovery in its calculus scores, with 17 students passing the basic test and seven passing the second-year test.

In 2004, Newsweek ranked Garfield as the 581st top high school in the nation. This ranking was based on the number of Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate tests taken by all students at the school in 2004, divided by the number of graduating seniors."

Student performance
In 2005, Garfield achieved the highest number of combined Latino/Chicano and African-American student admissions to the University of California, Berkeley, (UC Berkeley) as reported by the Assistant Vice Chancellor for Admissions and Enrollment at UC Berkeley, Richard Black.

American Football

Garfield High School participates in the ""East L.A. Classic"," the homecoming American football game against Theodore Roosevelt High School, which traditionally attracts over 20,000 fans. The East LA Classic has been hosted at the East Los Angeles College's Weingart Stadium, although it has also been held at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum.

Other sports
In addition to the football team, other sports also play significant roles in the annual classic, including the Drill Team, Cheer, and Band. These teams are well-known and have achieved success in various competitions throughout the year. The school also boasts strong programs in Soccer, Baseball, Softball, Swim, Cross-Country, and Basketball.

Notable alumni
Listed in alphabetical order by last name:
 * Richard Alatorre (born 1943), member of the California State Assembly and the Los Angeles City Council.
 * Carlos Almaraz (1941–1989), Chicano painter, Garfield High School class of 1959.
 * John Arguelles (born 1927), former Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court.
 * J. Jon Bruno (1946–2021), Episcopal Bishop of Los Angeles.
 * Oscar De La Hoya (born 1973), former world champion and gold medal-winning boxer and founder of Golden Boy Promotions.
 * Ken Davitian (born 1953), film and television actor, co-star of 2006’s Borat.
 * Alexander Gonzalez (born 1946), President at California State University, Sacramento.
 * Antonia Hernandez (born 1948), philanthropist, attorney, and activist.
 * Ricardo Lara (born 1974), California Insurance Commissioner and first LGBT statewide elected leader in California history.
 * Los Lobos band, multiple Grammy Award-winning Chicano rock band, the alumni members include:
 * David Hidalgo (born 1954),
 * Conrad Lozano (born 1951),
 * Louie Pérez (born 1953),
 * Cesar Rosas (born 1954).
 * Ned Arnel "Carlos" Mencía (born 1967), comedian, writer, and actor.
 * Richard Polanco (born 1951), former California State Senate Majority leader and member of the California State Assembly.
 * George Ramos (1947–2011) Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist for the Los Angeles Times.
 * Esteban Edward Torres (born 1930), former Congress member from California and former United States Ambassador to the UNESCO.
 * Maria Helena Viramontes (born 1954), writer and professor of English at Cornell University.
 * Sergio Valdez and Thomas Valdez (1991 Alumni) both employed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where Sergio is a supervisor in the mechanical engineering section and Thomas is a research engineer. Thomas has a master's in materials engineering

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Garfield High School (California)


text:
Hampden Row

Hampden Row is a historic hamlet in the Chiltern Hills of Buckinghamshire, England. It is located in Great Hampden parish. At the 2011 Census the population of the hamlet was included in the civil parish of Great and Little Hampden.

title: Hampden Row


text:
West Virginia Route 114

West Virginia Route 114 (WV 114) is a north–south state highway located in the Charleston, West Virginia area. The southern terminus of the route is at U.S. Route 60 (US 60; Washington Street) east of downtown Charleston. The northern terminus of the route is at Interstate 79 (I-79) north of Big Chimney.

WV 114 south of US 119 was formerly part of WV 14, as was WV 214.

Route description
WV 114 begins at US 60 (Washington Street) adjacent to the West Virginia Cultural Center and West Virginia State Capitol in Charleston. It proceeds north as a four-lane highway, interchanging with I-64/I-77 at a three-level junction. WV 114 assumes steep grades with varying curves until the junction with Yeager Airport's access road, where it becomes two lanes to its terminus at I-79 near Big Chimney.

Attractions

 * Charleston
 * West Virginia Cultural Center
 * West Virginia State Capitol

title: West Virginia Route 114


text:
Talk:Duane Peters

Untitled
someone that knows how to edit pages on here really should add some pictures of this madman. It is a must have thing for duane peters, being the strung out burned out punk rocker he is

 * I'd add a picture, but I don't know how. Could someone post a picture --Ollie the Magic Skater 22:39, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The problem is going to be finding a picture that isn't copyrighted. --Liface 23:10, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I also added a page for Corey Parks but somebody deleted it but i think Corey should definatly have a page because she is Duanes wife and is one of the best female musicians out there and deserves a page. Also i think there should be something on Civet

Tony Hawk
I think we should add when he spit at hawk's feet and made him feel crushed. Tony was only 11. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.161.45.57 (talk) 02:56, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

DUANE FOR DRAVEN
I don't want to be the one to edit the page, but I think it should mention Duane has been sponsored by Vision Streetwear, who made his first shoe line, and now is sponsored by Draven Footwear. Draven makes 5+ styles of shoes for Duane, all that he helped design and oversee. BandBoardz from Select Distribution also make skateboards for the Die Hunns, US bombs, and Duane's other exploits.

Duane was a major player in the seventies skate scene, skating against G&S skaters like Jim Gray, Birdhouse owner Tony Hawk, and many many others. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.123.49.98 (talk) 22:13, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

nobody cares
"The second Duane Peters Gunfight album entitled Checkmate was be released through this label in late 2009."

If nobody cares enough to keep the shit up-to-date, delete the article 67.232.129.196 (talk) 22:31, 15 March 2010 (UTC)

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Did Duane Write This?
This reads like Duane or a friend of his wrote it. Truth is, he's not well-known outside of skater circles. He's certainly not well-known in punk circles. This needs a lot of clean up. danzig138 (talk) 11:56, 25 August 2017 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Also his strange political outbursts and conservative views should be a part of this article. I was pretty sure, it was part of it once. KhlavKhalash (talk) 20:35, 12 November 2023 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Duane Peters


text:
Talk:Axial Age

Error in citation
Some criticisms of Jasper's rather generic formulation include the lack of a demonstrable common denominator between the intellectual developments that are supposed to have developed in unison across ancient Greece, Palestine, India, and China; lack of any radical discontinuity with 'preaxial' and 'postaxial' periods; and exclusion of pivotal figures that do not fit the definition (for example, Jesus, Muhammad, and Akhenaten).[4]

Axial age 8 century BC - 3 century BC. Akhenaten lived 1400 BC, Jesus 1 -30 AD, Muhammad 650 AD. These are not in the Axial age timeline. 2604:3D09:A685:FC00:711C:C1D5:FD8E:510A (talk) 01:40, 25 January 2022 (UTC)

(Subsection 'Reception') Who is Suzuki, Provan, Whitaker?
In the section 'Reception' it is currently written:

In 2018, contrary to Suzuki and Provan, and similar to Whitaker, Stephen Sanderson published another book [...]

As a complete layman and non-scholar, my question is: who is Suzuki, Provan, and Whitaker?

And yes I do not have access to Prof. Sanderson's book (and I suspect neither does potentially the majority of visitors to this Wikipedia article). I suspect 'Provan' is Iain Provan (inferring from the preceding paragraph in the article), otherwise the other two names are mentioned only once throughout the article as it currently is, and I do think readers would benefit from knowing the full name of all three mentioned academics.

--Ferdi Zebua (username: Lemi4) (talk) 11:45, 28 June 2022 (UTC)

 * Hello. I'm with you that the reception section needs some more information. I believe that "Suzuki" is David Suzuki as it is mentioned on the Goodreads page for the book by Iain Provan: "Conversely, the myth of ... as narrated by David Suzuki and others asserts that the axial age ...". Would be interesting to know to "Provan" is in this context. RealLifeRobot (talk) 14:14, 28 June 2022 (UTC)

What is the Axial Age?
There are a lot of words, but I don't see anything that clearly defines what the Axial Age is supposed to represent, especially not in the lede. There probably should be something more concrete defining what this article is even about (particularly in the lede) with maybe at the least an immediately following example to drive the meaning home (again, especially in the lede). "[B]road changes in religious and philosophical thought" is pretty much a completely meaningless phrase since that pretty much applies to every single moment in time. You might as well be another fake fortune teller saying, "You will notice that something will happen this week." Just as meaningless. — al-Shimoni  (talk) 15:58, 8 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Axial Age


text:
West Virginia Route 112

West Virginia Route 112 is an east–west state highway in southern West Virginia. The western terminus is at U.S. Route 19 east of Bluefield, in the shadow of a "bridge to nowhere" on the future King Coal Highway. The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 460 in Oakvale.

WV 112 was formerly a portion of WV 12.

title: West Virginia Route 112


text:
User:Sipes23

Ok, so I've put up a bunch of userboxes, cuz I'm too lazy to do much else. Hopefully, they explain things about me. And if they don't, well, ah, yeah.

You can visit my website, such as it is, by clicking here.

Or my profile at the Latin Wikipedia.

la:usor:Sinister Petrus

title: User:Sipes23


text:
Aqua (color)

Aqua (Latin for "water") is a variation of the color cyan. The normalized color coordinates for the two web colors named aqua and cyan are identical. It was one of the three secondary colors of the RGB color model used on computer and television displays. In the HSV color wheel aqua is precisely halfway between blue and green. However, aqua is not the same as the primary subtractive color named process cyan used in printing. The words "aqua" and "cyan" are used interchangeably in computer graphics, and especially web design, to refer to the additive secondary color "cyan". Both colors are made exactly the same way on a computer screen, by combining blue and green light at equal and full intensity on a black screen. Traditionally, that color, defined as #00FFFF in hex, or (0,255,255) in RGB. The #00FFFF color code is called "cyan" in the RGB color but the X11 color names introduced the alternative name "aqua" for #00FFFF in 1987. Later, W3C popularized the name by using it in the named color palette of HTML 3.2 specifications.

Pale aqua
Displayed in the right-hand column is the color pale aqua.

title: Aqua (color)


text:
Thorfinn the Mighty

Thorfinn Sigurdsson (1009? – c. 1065), also known as Thorfinn the Mighty (Old Norse: Þorfinnr inn riki), was an 11th-century Jarl of Orkney. He was the youngest of five sons of Jarl Sigurd Hlodvirsson and the only one resulting from Sigurd's marriage to a daughter of Malcolm II of Scotland. He ruled alone as jarl for about a third of the time that he held the title and jointly with one or more of his brothers or with his nephew Rögnvald Brusason for the remainder. Thorfinn married Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, daughter of Finn Arnesson, Jarl of Halland.

The Heimskringla of Icelandic historian Snorri Sturluson, and the anonymous compiler of the Orkneyinga Saga wrote that Thorfinn was the most powerful of all the jarls of Orkney and that he ruled substantial territories beyond the Northern Isles. A sizeable part of the latter saga's account concerns his wars with a "King of Scots" named Karl Hundason whose identity is uncertain. In his later years he went on a pilgrimage to Rome and he was instrumental in making Orkney and Shetland part of mainstream Christendom. On his death in the latter half of the 11th century he was followed as earl by his sons Paul and Erlend.

There are numerous problems associated with the chronology of Thorfinn's life and in identifying his relationships to the southern polities of the Kingdom of Alba (the precursor to modern Scotland) and the Kingdom of Moray. His diplomacy with the Norwegian court has also been interpreted in various ways. His life has been the subject of various works of historical fiction.

Background
Thorfinn was the youngest of the five known sons of Earl Sigurd Hlodvirsson, but the only son of Sigurd's marriage to an unknown daughter of King Malcolm II (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda). His elder half-brothers Einar, Brusi and Sumarlidi survived to adulthood, while another brother called Hundi died young in Norway, a hostage at the court of King Olaf Trygvasson. Earl Sigurd was killed at the Battle of Clontarf on 23 April 1014. Before setting out for Ireland, he had sent Thorfinn, then aged five, to be fostered by his maternal grandfather, the King of Scots. When the news of Sigurd's death came, Thorfinn's older half-brothers divided Orkney and Shetland between them. King Máel Coluim set Thorfinn up as ruler of Caithness and Sutherland with Scots advisors to rule for him. Earl Sigurd had also been a ruler of the Suðreyar but these holdings appear to have escaped the control of the earls of Orkney at the time of his death or shortly thereafter.

The Orkneyinga Saga provides this description of Thorfinn:"He was unusually tall and strong, an ugly-looking man with a black head of hair, sharp features, a big nose and bushy eyebrows, a forceful man, greedy for fame and fortune. He did well in battle, for he was both a good tactician and full of courage."

With Einar and Brusi
Joint earldoms were a frequent feature of the Norse earldom of Orkney, although the Orkneyinga saga is less than explicit about how these shares were divided up geographically. Sumarlidi died in his bed not long after his father, most likely no later than 1018 and Einar took his share, ruling two-thirds of the earldom with the remaining third held by Brusi. Einar soon became unpopular, demanding heavy taxes and frequent military service from the farmers, and gaining little booty on his raids. He was, the saga says, "a great bully", whereas Brusi was "well liked by everyone". The farmers of the isles opposition to Einar's rule were led by Thorkel Amundason and, in danger of his life, he fled to Thorfinn's court in Caithness. He became his foster-father, hence his by-name, "Thorkel Fosterer". After Sumarlidi's death the disposition of his third share in Orkney and Shetland became a matter of dispute when Thorfinn claimed it as his. While Brusi was willing to grant it to him, Einar, who was "ruthless and grasping, a hard and successful fighting man" and somewhat like Thorfinn in temperament was not. Einar and Thorfinn each began raising an army to settle matters by force, but Earl Brusi made peace between them by raising his own men to come between them and then persuading Einar to give Thorfinn what he asked for. It was also agreed that on the death of either Brusi or Einar, the surviving brother would inherit the other's share.

Thorfinn appointed Thorkel Fosterer as his tax-gatherer in the islands, but Einar had not forgotten their earlier dispute and Thorkel again left the islands in fear of his life, returning to Thorfinn's base in Caithness (probably at Duncansby ). Thorkel then travelled to Norway with Thorfinn's support, to meet with King Olaf Haraldsson. He was well received there, for Olaf bore his own grudge against Einar for the killing of his comrade Eyvind Aurochs-Horn some years earlier. Olaf invited Thorfinn to Norway, and he too was welcomed to Olaf's court. Thorfinn and Thorkel returned to Orkney to find Einar raising an army against them. Brusi again made peace between them, and it was agreed that Einar and Thorkel would entertain one another to a feast.

In October 1020 Einar attended Thorkel's hall at Hlaupandanes in Deerness in a sour mood. On the last day of the feast Thorkel was supposed to travel with Einar for the reciprocal event, however his spies reported to him that ambushes had been prepared against him along his route. Thorkel therefore delayed his departure, leaving Einar to wait for his arrival by the fire in his great hall. Thorkel arrived by stealth, walked into the hall with one of his men and they killed Einar. Thorkel then escaped to Norway.

With Brusi
The death of Einar did not end the dispute over Sumarlidi's third of the islands. Brusi considered that it belonged to him, as he and Einar had agreed when Thorfinn received a third of the islands. Thorfinn thought that the islands should be divided equally. However, Thorfinn could count on the assistance of his grandfather, King Malcolm, while Brusi had only the forces he could raise from his share of the islands, making any conflict a very unequal one. Brusi went to Norway to have King Olaf judge the dispute, and Thorfinn joined him there. Brusi surrendered the earldom to Olaf, who granted a third to each brother, and kept a third for himself. Thorfinn attempted to use his relationship with the King of Scots as a means to avoid acknowledging Olaf as his overlord in Orkney and Shetland, but Olaf threatened to appoint another to rule Thorfinn's share. Following Thorkel Fosterer's advice, Thorfinn agreed to Olaf's settlement. After Thorfinn left Norway, Olaf gave Brusi the disputed third to rule on his behalf, but kept Brusi's son Rognvald in Norway as a hostage. These events have been dated to 1021.

This arrangement lasted while Olaf was king but in 1030 he was overthrown by the Danish king Cnut the Great at the Battle of Stiklestad. After this Orkney was raided by Norwegians and Danes and Brusi agreed to give the King's third to Thorfinn in return for his seeing to the defence of the islands. This agreement lasted until Brusi's death, some time between 1030 and 1035. After that, Thorfinn was sole ruler of the Orkney earldom as a vassal of the King of Norway and as Earl of Caithness responsible to the King of Scots.

War with Karl Hundason
The Orkneyinga Saga says that a dispute between Thorfinn and Karl Hundason began when the latter became "King of Scots" and claimed Caithness, his forces successfully moving north and basing themselves in Thurso. In the war which followed, Thorfinn defeated Karl in a sea-battle off Deerness at the east end of the Orkney Mainland. Then Karl's nephew Mutatan or Muddan, appointed to rule Caithness for him, was killed in Caithness by Thorkel Fosterer. Finally, a great battle at "Torfness" (probably Tarbat Ness on the south side of the Dornoch Firth ) ended with Karl either being killed or forced to flee. Thorfinn, the saga says, then marched south through Scotland as far as Fife, burning and plundering as he passed.

Joint rule with Rognvald
At some point around 1034 Thorfinn is said to have conquered the Hebrides and he is likely to have been a de facto ruler of the Kingdom of the Isles, in whole or in part until his death (although the assumption of Echmarcach mac Ragnaill as "King of Mann" from 1052 to 1061 may have encroached on his territories). Thorfinn ruled alone in Orkney until the return of his nephew Rognvald Brusason in about 1037. Rognvald had received the favour of King Magnus "the Good" Olafsson, who granted him Brusi's share of the islands and the third which Olaf Haraldsson had claimed after Einar's death. Thorfinn agreed to this division, but presented the transfer of the third claimed by the Norwegian king as a gift to Rognvald in return for aid in Thorfinn's wars in the Hebrides and the Irish Sea.

King Sigtrygg Silkbeard had died c. 1036, and the kingship in Dublin had come to Echmarcach mac Ragnaill, who was challenged by Imar mac Arailt and driven out in 1038. This instability in Dublin can only have helped Thorfinn and Rognvald, who raided far and wide and established their rule over various lands around the Irish Sea. They are said to have won a major victory beside Vatzfjorðr, perhaps Loch Vatten on the west coast of Skye,  and to have raided in England, with mixed success.

In time, Thorfinn and Rognvald fell out. The vivid account of the war between Thorfinn and Rognvald in the Orkneyinga Saga which survives may well be only a part of a much longer saga now lost. Their enmity arose with the arrival of Kalf Arnesson and his followers in Orkney. Kalf was the uncle of Thorfinn's wife Ingibiorg and he had been instrumental in the death of King Olaf. He later left Norway to escape King Magnus Olafsson. Rognvald, with Kalf's brothers, had shared Magnus's exile in Kievan Rus under the protection of Prince Yaroslav the Wise and the saga says that when Kalf and Einar Belly-Shaker came to Ladoga to invite Magnus back to Norway, Rognvald had been on the brink of attacking Kalf until Einar explained the reason for their visit and that Kalf had repented for his part in overthrowing Olaf. Thorfinn found hosting Kalf and his men a burden, and in time asked Rognvald to return the third of the earldom "which had once belonged to Einar Wry-Mouth". Rognvald refused, saying that it was for King Magnus to settle matters. Thorfinn began raising an army, and Rognvald's islanders were unwilling to fight Thorfinn, so Rognvald sailed to Norway where King Magnus supplied him with ships and men. He returned to the islands, facing Thorfinn and Kalf Arnesson in a sea battle which Arnór the skald commemorated in verse. The battle went Rognvald's way to begin with, but in the end he was defeated and forced again to seek refuge with King Magnus. King Magnus offered to fit out another expedition for Rognvald, but he decided to take just one ship and a picked crew. He sailed to Shetland in winter and, learning that Thorfinn was staying on a farm on the Orkney Mainland with only a few men, he set out at once to attack him. Rognvald's men surprised Thorfinn, and set the farm ablaze. The saga says that Thorfinn had to break down a wall and escape, carrying his wife in his arms, flying south to Caithness for safety. Rognvald ruled in Kirkwall over the winter, believing Thorfinn dead, but in the spring, while staying on Papa Stronsay, Thorfinn and his men turned the tables, taking Rognvald by surprise, just as he had surprised Thorfinn. Rognvald escaped the house Thorfinn had surrounded, but was tracked down, given away by the barking of his lap dog, and killed by Thorkel Fosterer.

The Orkneyinga Saga offers this assessment of Rognvald: "Everyone agrees that of all the Earls of Orkney he was the most popular and gifted, and his death was mourned by many".

Pilgrimage
Even with Rognvald dead, Thorfinn was not entirely secure. The saga recounts an attempt to make peace with Magnus Olafsson, who had sworn vengeance for the death of his men in Thorfinn's attack on Rognvald. Magnus was at war with the Danish king Sweyn Estridsson, and died before he could take any action. Magnus's uncle and successor, Harald Hardrada, was more friendly towards Thorfinn, and made peace, accepting Thorfinn's gifts.

Thorfinn had two sons, both by his wife Ingibiorg, and unlike a number of his predecessors he appears to have married only once. Furthermore, unlike his brothers, Thorfinn had been raised as a Christian. Among the signs of the changes in Orkney society was Thorfinn's pilgrimage to Rome, which took place after his meeting with King Harald, probably beginning in 1048. The saga says that he travelled through Saxony, meeting with Emperor Henry III on the journey. It is thought that he also met with Archbishop Adalbert of Hamburg-Bremen.

The Orkneyinga saga suggests that, as a result of Thorfinn's request, the first Bishop of Orkney was appointed at about this time. Named Thorulf, he may have been the same person as "Roolwer", Bishop of the Isles. The original seat of the bishops of Orkney was Thorfinn's new Christchurch at Birsay, (or perhaps the Brough of Birsay), near the Earl's palace where Thorfinn had his residence in his later years.

Death and legacy
The Orkneyinga saga dates Thorfinn's death no more precisely than placing it "towards the end" of Harald Sigurdsson's reign, who died at the battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066. Thorfinn was buried at the Christ Church he himself had built. He is known to history as "Thorfinn the Mighty", and at his height of power, he controlled all of Orkney and Shetland, the Hebrides, Caithness and Sutherland, and his influence extended over much of the north of Scotland. The saga also makes a grander and more unlikely claim – that he controlled a total of seven earldoms in Scotland.

He was followed as earl by his sons Paul and Erlend and his widow Ingibiorg the "Earls' Mother" later married Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots. St Olaf's saga states that following Thorfinn's decease "many of the dominions that the earl had laid under himself were lost".

Interpretations
There is clearly some doubt about the historicity of many of the claims in the Orkneyinga saga. Just as the backdrop to the supposed great expedition to the west undertaken by King Harald Fairhair that led to the founding of the Orkney earldom was the mid-13th century Norwegian contest with the Kings of Scots over the Hebrides we can see parallels with later events that have been included as embellishments to the life of Thorfinn. The saga writer would have had access to Arnór jarlaskáld's Þórfinnsdrápa and whatever oral history was available in the early 13th century. There are also a number of parallels with the life of Harald Maddadsson and Woolf (2007) speculates that aspects of Thorfinn's story may have been included to legitimise the latter's adventures.

Descent
The saga states that Thorfinn's grandfather was "King Malcolm of Scotland" and it is often assumed that this was Malcolm II. However, both the Irish annals for this period and the Norse sagas have a tendency to refer to a "king of Scots" when discussing a regional chief or mormaer. Woolf (2007) suggests that the reference may then be to Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti a Pictish Mormaer of Moray or alternatively that, as elsewhere in Icelandic literature, Melkólmr was simply used as a generic name, in this case for Scottish royalty.

Chronology
The chronology of Thorfinn's life is problematic, the dating of his assumption of the earldom being an example. The Heimskringla states that Thorfinn was 5 years old when his father Sigurd was killed at Clontarf, reliably dated to 1014. "When Thorfinn came of age he asked Earl Einar for a third of the islands" and it is clear from the text of the Orkneyinga saga that Einar, Brusi and Thorfinn were joint earls for a period. Muir (2005) states that Einar died in October 1020 but if Thorfinn was five years old in 1014 this would have made him only eleven by then. A rather earlier birthdate for Thorfinn is thus implied, with a coming of age c. 1016 at about the time of Sumarlidi's death. Similarly, Thorfinn is often stated as dying c. 1064, although Woolf (2007) states that "there is no reason why a date in the late 1050s is not just as credible."

St Olaf's saga states that Thorfinn "took the earldom when he was five winters old, and he ruled for more than sixty winters" although this implies a very late death date of 1074. One version of the Icelandic Annals has his rule lasting 52 years, providing the more commonly quoted year of death as c. 1065.

Ingibiorg
Related to this are the actions of his widow. Historians offering a later date for Thorfinn's death have proposed that Malcolm Canmore married a postulated daughter of Thorfinn named Ingibiorg rather than his widow. If a date in the 1050s is presumed, then Malcolm could well have married Ingibigiorg as the saga suggests.

Duncan (2002) argued that Malcolm came to marry Thorfinn's widow because he spent some or all of the period of MacBeth's reign in Orkney or Caithness at Thorfinn's court. Thorfinn and Malcolm were both descendants of Malcolm II, daughter's son and daughter's grandson respectively, and both had good reason to be hostile to MacBeth and his Moray kinsmen. Malcolm Canmore became king of Scots c. 1058 and the Orkneyinga Saga records that he and Ingibiorg had a son, Duncan who was later king. There is some circumstantial evidence that Ingibiorg may have backed Malcolm's claim to the kingship which adds further weight to a slightly earlier death date for Thorfinn, although the evidence for her marriage to Malcolm is not entirely convincing.

Who was Karl Hundason
The identity of Karl Hundason, unknown to Scots and Irish sources, has long been a matter of dispute. His existence rests solely on the Orkneyinga saga, and more particularly on those elements of Þórfinnsdrápa which are preserved within it.

Robertson (1862) proposed that Hundason should be identified with Duncan I. Skene (1902) suggested that Karl (or Kali) Hundason should be identified with "Malcolm MacKenneth", a son of Kenneth III. Another candidate is MacBeth whose father may be called "jarl Hundi" in Njál's saga. Woolf (2007) proposes that Hundason, rather that being some hitherto unknown Scots king, was the son of Thorfinn's brother Hundi. However, Thomson (2008) notes that both the Orkneyinga saga and St Olaf's saga suggest Hundi only lived "a short while" and was unlikely to have had a son himself. Anderson (1990) suggested that this is "a fabulous story" and concluded that "[n]o solution to the riddle seems to be justified".

Muir (2005) points out that a literal translation of "Karl Hundisson" is "peasant son-of-a-dog", an insult that would have been obvious to Norse-speakers hearing the saga and that "we can assume this wasn't his real name". The implication is that there is no purpose in seeking phonetic parallels with known Scots personages. Thomson points out that both "Karl" and Hundi" are names used in other contexts without disparaging intentions although the combination is otherwise unknown.

Thomson (2008) notes that the war with Hundasson seem to have taken place between 1029 and 1035 and that the Annals of Ulster record the violent death of Gillacomgain, brother of Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti and Mormaer of Moray, in 1032. He too is thus a candidate for Thorfinn's Scots foe—and the manner of his death by fire bears comparison with Arnór's poetic description of the aftermath of the battle at Torfness.

Whoever Karl son of Hundi may have been, it appears that the saga is reporting a local conflict with a Scots ruler of Moray or Ross:"[T]he whole narrative is consistent with the idea that the struggle of Thorfinn and Karl is a continuation of that which had been waged since the ninth century by the Orkney earls, notably Sigurd Rognvald's son, Ljot, and Sigurd the Stout, against the princes or mormaers of Moray, Sutherland, Ross, and Argyll, and that, in fine, Malcolm and Karl were mormaers of one of these four provinces."

It is therefore entirely possible that Thorfinn's campaign was not fought against the Scottish crown as such but that rather the Scots may have been his allies in a struggle they both had against the power of Moray. According to local tradition, a series of stone mounds on a hillside near Kirkhill, west of Inverness, marks the site of a battle between Thorfinn and 'Malcolm'. The location may have been close to the northern boundary of the medieval lordship of Moray at the time.

Christianity, morality and power
The joint rulership of earls was a recurring theme in the period up to 1214 and was "inherently unstable and usually ended in violence". Thomson (2008) identifies these family feuds as being the main theme of the Orkneyinga saga, culminating in the martyrdom of St Magnus c.1115, and that the saga writer regularly emphasises the doom of "kin-slaying". In this case the Sigurdsson brothers do not assassinate one another, but rather Thorkel Fosterer becomes an intermediary, killing both Einar rangmunnr and, at a later date, Rögnvald Brusasson on behalf of Thorfinn.

It is also clear that there is a moral element to the tale, with Brusi cast as the peacemaker who is father to the noble Rögnvald and who stands in contrast to his greedy half-brother. Notwithstanding these roles, Thorfinn's Christianity is emphasised in the saga materials. The Norse in the Northern Isles would have been strongly influenced by the neighbouring Christian countries and it is likely that marriages to individuals from such polities would have required baptism even before his time. Informal pagan practice was likely conducted throughout his earldom, but the weight of archaeological evidence suggests that Christian burial was widespread in Orkney even during the reign of Sigurd Hlodvirsson, Thorfinn's father.

Furthermore, Brusi has a relatively minor role to play compared to Thorfinn "the Mighty", whose conquests included expansion well into north mainland Scotland and whose rule may have marked the zenith of Scandinavian influence in Scotland. As there were only seven traditional Scottish earldoms in total, the sagas claim that he held this many seems to suggest that he was King of Scots. However, this may reflect either a royal pretension of Thorfinn's, or given that his conquests were in the north and west rather than in the lowland heartland of Scotland, that they are references to local chieftainships.

Although the saga suggests that the first Bishop of Orkney was installed towards the end of Thorfinn's time as earl, the first recorded bishop was Henry of Lund (also known as "the Fat") who was appointed sometime prior to 1035. He may have been more of a missionary bishop than a permanent resident in the islands, indeed there is no record of his ever having visited Orkney. The bishopric appears to have been under the authority of the Archbishops of York and of Hamburg-Bremen at different times during this early period.

Relations with Norway
The role of the Norwegian crown is another recurring aspect of the saga. Crawford (1987) observes several sub-themes: "submission and of overlordship; the problem of dual allegiance and the threat of the earls looking to the kings of Scots as an alternative source of support; the Norwegian kings' use of hostages; and their general aim of attempting to turn the Orkney earls into royal officials bound to them by oaths of homage, and returning tribute to them on a regular basis." King Olaf was a "skilled practitioner" of divide and rule and the competing claims of Brusi and Thorfinn enabled him to take full advantage.

Thorfinn's journey in 1020 is the first occasion on which an earl of Orkney is known to have visited the royal court in Norway. The Icelandic annals have little to say about Orkney but under the year 1021 it is recorded that "Earl Thorfinn and earl Brusi, Sigurd's sons, gave the Orkneys into the power of King Olaf." Although the saga writer paints a vivid and plausible picture of the scene, this "merely tell us that the thirteenth-century saga writer knew his Orkney traditions and the recurring factors which did indeed come to the fore on occasions during the thirteenth century when the kings and earls fought or negotiated from their related positions of strength".

Although Thorfinn is clearly stated to be fighting in and around Fife Thomson (2008) suggests that his presence so far south may have been as an ally of his grandfather rather than at the head of an invading army. He adds that King Cnut was in Scotland c. 1031 receiving the submission of Malcolm II, MacBeth and a third king called "Iehmarc" and that the location of the meeting is stated as being in Fife in a verse by Sigvatr Þórðarson. Thomson therefore speculates that Thorfinn's visit to Fife may have involved an attempt by Cnut to avoid a threat to his position from Orkney and that this issue was one of the factors involved in the feud between Thorfinn and earl Rögnvald, who supported Cnut's rival Magnus Olafsson.

Finally, Thorfinn's death may have created a power vacuum and been a cause of the invasion of the Irish Sea region nominally led by King Harald harðraði's young son Magnus Haraldsson dated to 1058.

In fiction etc.
The basis of Dorothy Dunnett's 1982 novel King Hereafter is a point made by W. F. Skene, who noted that the historical sources which mention Thorfinn do not refer to MacBeth, and vice versa. Pursuing this idea, Dunnett wrote the novel on the premise that MacBeth and Thorfinn were the same person (Thorfinn is his birth name and Macbeth his baptismal name).

In his historical novel MacBeth the King Nigel Tranter portrayed Thorfinn as a half-brother of Macbeth, with a common mother. It also seeks to tie together the pilgrimages made to Rome by both, as one and the same.

The MV Earl Thorfinn is a Ro-Ro vehicle ferry operated by Orkney Ferries on the northern route to Westray, Stronsay and neighbouring isles. It is identical to its sister ship MV Earl Sigurd. The Britten-Norman Islande (registration G-BPCA) operated by Loganair is named “Earl Thorfinn, The Mighty”

title: Thorfinn the Mighty


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Chester County School District

The Chester County School District is a school district that operates public schools in Chester County, Tennessee, United States. It has six schools that provide and education from kindergarten to 12th grade. As of 2005, there were 2438 children of school age enrolled. The district's administrative offices are in Henderson, Tennessee.

Schools

 * Chester County High School - enrollment: 662
 * Chester County Junior High - enrollment: 373
 * Chester County Middle School - enrollment:  619
 * East Chester Elementary School - enrollment: 391
 * Jacks Creek Elementary School - enrollment: 285
 * West Chester Elementary School - enrollment: 108

History
On the organization of Chester County in 1882, there were 32 school districts with about 60 school houses. Most of these small school buildings were of frame or log construction and only two were made of brick. In 1885 the scholastic population in the public schools was 3,135. By contrast, the scholastic population of Chester County now is about 2,400.

Henderson had two school in the role of public schools and were run as consolidated schools. They were the Henderson Male and Female College on North Street and the Henderson Male and Female Masonic Institute.

There was also a consolidated school at Montezuma, the old Jackson District High School, the Howard Seminary located at the junction of the Lexington-Purdy Road with the Enville-Henderson Road and the Pine Springs Normal School which was on the road to Roby not far from the current location of Bailey's Store.

The average length of the school term was about fifty days during the summer months since the school houses were not suitable for use in cold weather. Consequently, attendance was not very good, work was not too effective, and many people sold their farms to move to areas with better schools.

Until the advent of the school bus program in the early 1930s a student desiring to get a high school education had to provide his own transportation to Henderson or board in town, as the only high school was in Henderson.

There were public schools for black children in Chester County in the nineteenth century. These schools were held in church buildings. There were schools in Chester County in churches as late as 1938. The first school building in the county for black children was built as early as 1906 in the northern part of Chester County on land given by Tom Cawthon. This school was named Cawthon School, soon followed by Oak Grove School. Schools in Masseyville and Montezuma were also built but both were destroyed by fire.

The first black high school, Chester County Training School, was opened in 1932 and was located on Highway 45 North. In 1936, the first graduating class of seven pupils received their diplomas. This school was burned in 1949 but a new building was erected on the east side of town. In 1963, Chester County Training School's name was changed to Vincent High. In 1969, following integration, the school was closed; however, the building is now being used as North Chester Elementary.

title: Chester County School District


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/U.S. grade level

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy delete. There are some things that don't fall under a specific category in CSD, but that clearly don't belong in an encyclopedia. This is one of those. --Carnildo 23:04, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

U.S._grade_level
nonsense Arobertsc 21:24, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It's a fictional narative (a poorly-written one at that), and the article doesn't relate to the title in any way, but it's not nonsense. Regardless: it should be deleted. -- Super Aardvark 20:32, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This afd nomination was orphaned. Listing now.  Delete. —Cryptic (talk) 14:11, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and protect, articles with this name have been deleted 6 times already. -- Kjkolb 15:14, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * delete and protect as above. — brighterorange  (talk) 15:47, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Inappropriate for an encyclopedia. Andrew pmk | Talk 22:52, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Death Valley (disambiguation)

Death Valley is a desert valley in southeastern California in the Mojave Desert.

Death Valley may also refer to:

Places
Places nicknamed "Death Valley"
 * Death Valley National Park, a national park in the U.S. states of California and Nevada
 * Interstate 40 in North Carolina, a section of Interstate 40 in Greensboro, North Carolina
 * Link Valley, Houston, a community in Houston, Texas

Films

 * Death Valley, 1927 film directed by Paul Powell
 * Death Valley (1946 film), starring Robert Lowery
 * Death Valley (1982 film), starring Paul Le Mat

Music

 * Death Valley Suite (1949), a symphonic suite by Ferde Grofe, inspired by the history and geography of Death Valley

Television

 * Death Valley (TV series), a 2011 MTV horror comedy series
 * Death Valley Days (1930-1945 radio series; 1952–1970 TV series), an American radio and television anthology series featuring true stories of the old American West, particularly the Death Valley area

Structures nicknamed "Death Valley"

 * Memorial Stadium (Clemson), Clemson, South Carolina
 * Tiger Stadium (LSU), Baton Rouge, Louisiana
 * Yankee Stadium (1923), left-center field of the former stadium in the Bronx, New York City, which was 399 feet from home plate and was difficult to hit a home run over

title: Death Valley (disambiguation)


text:
West Virginia Route 105

West Virginia Route 105 (abbreviated WV Route 105 or WV 105) is an east–west state highway located within Weirton, West Virginia, United States. The western terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 2 north of downtown Weirton. The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 22 (exit 5) in Weirton Heights, just 1/2 mile west of the Pennsylvania state line.

All but 200 yd of WV 105 is located in Hancock County. The remaining 200 yd, comprising the U.S. 22 interchange and the north approach, is situated in Brooke County.

Most of WV 105, from the intersection of Pennsylvania Avenue and Colliers Way to the western terminus at Main Street/WV 2, was originally U.S. 22 before the Robert C. Byrd Expressway was constructed.

title: West Virginia Route 105


text:
Talk:List of ministers for finance (Denmark)

The post was not created in 1913, as the article currently states. Fx Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup was finance minister. You can find older finance ministers back to 1848 at. Thue | talk 21:24, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I was going to check up on that, but you're right. The office was created in 1848. The page looks like a good source. --Valentinian 21:38, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * What is your source for the fact that the post was created in 1848? Thue | talk 05:41, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The Finance Ministry of Denmark. []. "Ved ministerialreformen i 1848, der gennemførtes ved kgl. kundgørelse af 24. november 1848, oprettedes et samlet Finansministerium. Der er en lige og ubrudt linje herfra og til det moderne Finansministerium, som vi kender det i dag. Med oprettelsen af Finansministeriet fulgte udarbejdelsen af det første samlede årlige statsbudget i form af et finanslovforslag, der kunne vedtages af Rigsdagen." --Valentinian 06:56, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I need more coffee, sorry. It's the first Finance Ministry which was formed in 1848. But I still find it odd to compare institutions from Absolutist Denmark with Constitutional Denmark. --Valentinian 07:00, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It is my impression that a minister always have a ministry, and a ministry always have a minister, so the two things are alike. But that said, indicates that the Finance Ministry was a new institution, as you said.
 * I don't find it that odd to compare absolutist and constitutional institutions; they were doing the same thing, and were probably controlled by much the same people as everybody in the Skatkammerkollegie/rentekammer was not purged overnight in 1848 . Thue | talk 08:34, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Good references for Rentekammeret seem to be, , , . Thue | talk 08:39, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

I'll have a look at them. You are right of cause, it is not that odd, but I still see 1848/49 as a watershed when it comes to both ministries and their ministers, although the situations are very closely related. My main motivation is the introduction of a Parliament which - no doubt - was just as interested in going through the books as some people are today. The fact that the Minister and his Ministry were no longer accountable to merely the law and the King but suddenly accountable to Parliament - and under closer scrutiny by both MPs and the public - must have had an influence on ministerial procedures. Based on my experiences in the political system, I can't imagine a situation in which this would not occur. For the same reason, I don't like the idea of comparing elected officials to merely appointed ones.

But that said, by all means, if the sources are good enough these ministers can easily be added to the list, with a few headlines added to clearly distinguish elected officials from appointed ones. For the time being, I think I'll focus on creating a few more lists of cabinet ministers, and then try to expand them later. --Valentinian 16:08, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Since the predecessors to the ministry of finance seem to have a distinct name, and not quite the same tasks, it makes sense to make a seperate article if we want to include dem. Thue | talk 18:44, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll second that suggestion. For now, I'll focus on expanding the list to include 1848. We can always add the other information later (that's one of the great things about Wikipedia.) --Valentinian 20:42, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

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text:
Byron Erickson

Byron Erickson (born February 3, 1951, Tucson, Arizona) is an American editor and writer in the comic book industry. He works at Egmont on Disney comic books, and was formerly Don Rosa's editor.

Erickson began working at Another Rainbow Publishing in 1983, and when they received the license to publish Disney comics in the United States under the name of Gladstone Publishing, he became the editor. After Disney took over the license, Erickson left Gladstone Publishing for First Comics as an editor for various comics. He later moved to Denmark and joined Egmont (then known as Gutenberghus), first as editor/writer, then as editor-in-chief, and later as creative director.

title: Byron Erickson


text:
West Virginia Route 107

West Virginia Route 107 is a north–south state highway located entirely within Hinton, West Virginia, United States. The southern terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 3 in the Bellepoint neighborhood of southern Hinton. The northern terminus is at West Virginia Route 20 in the city center. WV 107 is a former alignment of WV 20.

title: West Virginia Route 107


text: User talk:86.129.54.84

title: User talk:86.129.54.84


text:
Talk:Red Ryder

Red Ryder Books
Why is there no mention of the Red Ryder books (illustrated by Fred Harman) at least some of which were published during World War II? Ex: Red Ryder and the Secret of Wolf Creek Canyon (1941). I understand the main article is about the comic book series but some mention should be made of the books. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.186.105.239 (talk) 02:38, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

Link
in attempting to add imdb link i found that 2 titles there have the same numbers. i removed my linking because it led to the wrong one. anybody have any suggestions because i can not find imdb linking in help.71.28.243.246 21:26, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Bronc Peeler is not Red Ryder
Should this entry be renamed "Bronc Peeler" as the infomation is about that character, not Red Ryder. BP did not evolve into RR. They were both drawn by Fred Harman, but they were not the same character.

Other use
How about the early 70s cult B-movie "When You Comin' Back, Red Ryder?" about a psycho American dude with his Mexican girlfriend, who crosses the border into the US on horseback and finds a diner in the middle of nowhere and proceeds to tie everyone in there with rope and make them lose face and play mind games with them? ፈቃደ (ውይይት) 01:58, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

Number of films
I could only count 28 films and serials in list of film titles that were listed. So I assume the previous number 35 or more is incorrect unless there is proper source out there that list 35 or more Red Ryder films DoctorHver (talk) 07:14, 28 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Red Ryder


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User talk:Redshield3

Google maps images are no Public Domain and are copyrighted by Google and Digital Globe. Evil Monkey∴Hello 21:26, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Tsk tsk tsk
I'm not seeing an "email this user" button... not sure you can get bailed so easily if you lose your password again.

title: User talk:Redshield3


text:
West Virginia Route 104

West Virginia Route 104 is an east–west state highway located in the Princeton, West Virginia area. The western terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 20 west of downtown. The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 460 on the eastern outskirts of Princeton a half-mile west of the West Virginia Turnpike. The portion along Oakvale Road, east of the intersection with WV 20, is a former alignment of US 460 before Corridor Q was built.

title: West Virginia Route 104


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Michael Bratman

Michael E. Bratman (born July 25, 1945) is an American philosopher who is Durfee Professor in the School of Humanities & Sciences and Professor of Philosophy at Stanford University.

Education and career
Bratman graduated from Haverford College in 1967 and earned his Ph.D. in philosophy at Rockefeller University in 1974, where he worked with Donald Davidson. He joined the faculty at Stanford University in 1974, where he has taught ever since.

He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2012. In 2014, Oxford University Press published a collection of essays on Bratman's work by colleagues and former students, Rational and Social Agency: The Philosophy of Michael Bratman.  A review in Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews remarked that, "Our very understanding of what it is to form a plan or shared intention is owed in no small part to Michael Bratman's massively influential body of work."

Philosophical work
Bratman works in philosophy of action and moral philosophy and is best known for his development of the idea that "intention is a distinctive practical attitude marked by its pivotal role in planning for the future." His work in those areas led him to the Belief-Desire-Intention model that is used in many areas, including artificial intelligence, today. Bratman's theory of intentions as plans has also led to a distinctive and widely discussed account of "collective intentionality."

title: Michael Bratman


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Sir Frederick Thomson, 1st Baronet

Sir Frederick Charles Thomson, 1st Baronet, (27 May 1875 – 21 April 1935) was a Scottish Unionist politician and lawyer.

Life
He was the third son of James Wishart Thomson of Glenpark, Balerno, Midlothian; James was a son of William Thomson, co-founder of the Ben Line.

Educated at Edinburgh Academy, University College, Oxford and at the University of Edinburgh, he was called to the Scottish bar in 1901, and to the English bar in 1904.

He served in Egypt as a lieutenant with the Scottish Horse and in Salonika with the Lovat Scouts, where he was severely wounded.

He was Unionist Member of Parliament for Aberdeen South from 1918 until his death.

He was Parliamentary Private Secretary to Sir Robert Horne, 1919–1922, and a Junior Lord of the Treasury from February–April 1923. He was appointed a King's Counsel in 1923 and appointed as Solicitor General for Scotland from April 1923 to 1924. He was again a Junior Lord of the Treasury from 1924 to 1928, Vice-Chamberlain of HM Household, 1928–1929 and September–November 1931, and Treasurer of the Household from 1931 until his death in 1935.

He was created a baronet in 1929, of Glendarroch, in the county of Midlothian. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son Douglas, who was elected as MP for Aberdeen South in the May 1935 by-election after his death.

He is buried with his wife Constance Margaret Hotson (1880–1970) and son in the north-east corner of Dean Cemetery in Edinburgh.

title: Sir Frederick Thomson, 1st Baronet


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West Virginia Route 103

West Virginia Route 103 is an east-west state highway located in McDowell County, West Virginia. The eastern terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 161 southwest of Pageton. The western terminus is at U.S. Route 52 and West Virginia Route 16 in southern Welch.

WV 103 was formerly part of West Virginia Route 102, which previously reentered West Virginia from Tazewell County, Virginia. WV 102 ran along the route of County Route 84, WV 161, and WV 103 into Welch. Sometime between 1976 and 1980, the western section of WV 102 was eliminated and WV 103 gained its current number.

title: West Virginia Route 103


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Talk:Bachelor of Information Technology

Untitled
what's the meaning of information technology

too specific
similar courses are run all over: surely this is too specific an item for an article? possible delete? Marcus22 14:20, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

new degrees
this is linked from bachelor's degrees page with a list of "new" degrees at the bottom, of which this is one. there's a certain validity in defining new degrees for public knowledge.

Merger
In process of making 2 broad changes: In studying some of the articles under Category:Bachelor%27s degrees, it appears a good form is to keep the topic as 'Bachelor of topic', and then in the article discuss whether it is typically a Bachelor or Arts (BA) or Science(BS) The list o' schools, is plainly far from comprehensive, and thinking it forward, a modest list of even the top school per country would overwhelm the article. Cander0000 (talk) 10:27, 5 July 2009 (UTC)
 * 1) Merging in some content from Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
 * 2) Eliminating the list o' schools

Vandalism
This article was the subject of repeated moves/blankings by User:Rock5410; I have (hopefully) manually restored it to the way it should be. - TB (talk) 21:45, 6 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Excellent - at one point I was trying to match it up to the other items under Category:Bachelor%27s_degrees. As I've learned, whether it is a 'Bachelor of Arts/Science/something else' is country-specific, so leaving it at 'Bachelor of' seems to be the most palatable, then dicussing regional variations in the article.  Many countries and universities have their own spin on the term 'Information Technology', but at least this term matches its counter parts - Masters of, Doctor of, etc.  Until there is consensus for calling it something else.Cander0000 (talk) 07:08, 8 July 2009 (UTC)
 * BTW, I assume good faith on the earlier page moves - just pointing out my rationale for what was settled on.Cander0000 (talk) 07:10, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

Bachelor of Information Technology - Sri Lanka
The Sri Lanka section uses some weasel terms without having any citations. Having a look at the history of this page, it looks like there were some false information against Bachelor of Science degree. The newer sentence "it is often considered lower in standing to the traditional Bachelor of Science" looks like something intentionally created against what there was before, though having no citations. Nothing under this section is cited.

Cresdajv (talk) 09:17, 20 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Fair time should be given for refs before deletion of items.Cossde (talk) 09:38, 20 March 2011 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 15 February 2022
The specific details about 4 year engineering course in Information Technology that is prevalent in India is not included in this article,which is more in line with the theoretical part of computer science rather than focusing only on application.That should be included other wise it would create a misconception about the course. CSEnthusiastAsia (talk) 05:51, 15 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 10:17, 15 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bachelor of Information Technology


text: User talk:82.35.49.65

title: User talk:82.35.49.65


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West Virginia Route 101

West Virginia Route 101 is an unsigned 1 mi long north–south state highway in the City of Huntington in Cabell County, West Virginia. The southern terminus of the route is at U.S. Route 60 (31st Street). The northern terminus is at US 60 (Third Avenue).

From 31st Street, WV 101 follows Eighth Avenue west to 29th Street, where WV 101 turns north to follow 29th Street to Third Avenue.

History
WV 101 was part of US 60 until US 60 was moved two blocks to the east in 1990.

title: West Virginia Route 101


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Nevada County Narrow Gauge Railroad & Transportation Museum

The Nevada County Narrow Gauge Railroad & Transportation Museum is a transport museum and heritage railroad located in Nevada City, California.

Background
The museum offers a collection of railroad artifacts, photographs, and documents related to the Nevada County Narrow Gauge Railroad, the narrow gauge railroad that operated in Nevada and Placer Counties from 1876 until 1942. Exhibits include Engine 5, which appeared in many movies, and various pieces of restored rolling stock. Short excursions on board a variety of railroad equipment are offered in the museum's rail yard. The county's first steam automobile and displays of local aviation history are also presented.


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Domenico de' Rossi

Domenico de' Rossi (1659–1730) was an Italian printer, active in Rome from 1691 to about 1724.

Son of Giovanni Giacomo de' Rossi, in 1691 upon his father's death, Domenico inherited the printshop near the church of Santa Maria della Pace, the largest and most long-lived publisher of the Roman baroque. Several generations of the de' Rossi participated in the family publishing firm established in the 17th century, which continued to produce engravings for the use of designers.

Publications
He is especially remembered for the three folio volumes of architectural engravings of elevations and frontal views of Baroque palazzi and churches in Rome, which included among them some unexecuted designs of Bernini and Borromini, and which were titled "Studio d'architettura civile di Roma 1702, 1711, and 1721. The first volume, showing a wide variety of designs of windows, doors and gates, porticos and porches, chimney pieces and stairs, and dedicated to Pope Clement XI, was engraved for Rossi by quite a large team: Alessandro Specchi, Filippo Vasoni, Carlo Fontana, Vinzendo Francischini, and others. De' Rossi also produced a book of designs for altars and chapels, Disegni di Vari Altari e Cappelle, 1685. The series of engravings were some of the first to present the contemporary baroque decoration of 17th-century Rome, thus they are of interest to architectural historians and were reprinted with an introductory essay by Anthony Blunt, 1972.

When he published a collection of engravings of ancient and modern Roman sculpture, Raccolta di statue antiche e moderne (Rome, 1704), he turned to the well-known antiquarian Paolo Alessandro Maffei for suitably learned descriptive text, for what was in effect the first eighteenth-century art book, whose refined engravings by French artists were designed to appeal to the cognoscenti.

The complete titles of Domenico de' Rossi's volumes:
 * Studio d'architettura civile sopra gli ornamenti di porte e finestre tatti da alcune fabbriche insigni di Roma con le misure piante modini, e profili. Opera de piu celebri architetti de nostri tempi, Rome, 1702. Dedicated to Clement XI
 * Studio d'architettura civile sopra varj ornamenti di cappelle, e diversi sepolcri tratti da più chiese di Roma colle loro facciate, fianchi, piante, e misure. Opera de' più celebri architetti de' nostri tempi, Rome, 1711. Dedicated to Cardinal Francesco Acquaviva d'Aragona
 * Studio d'architettura civili sopra varie chiese, cappelle di Roma, e palazzo di Caprarola, et altre fabriche con le loro facciate, spaccati, piante, e misure. Opera de' piu celebri architetti de' nostri tempi, Rome, 1721. Dedicated to Cardinal Bernardino Scotto.

title: Domenico de' Rossi


text:
Nobel Son

Nobel Son is a 2007 American black comedy about a dysfunctional family dealing with the kidnapping of their son for ransom following the father's winning of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The film features Alan Rickman as the prize-winning professor and Mary Steenburgen as his wife, with Bryan Greenberg as their kidnapped son.

Principal photography for Nobel Son started on October 6, 2005, in Venice Beach, California, and ended on November 17, 2005. The official trailer and website were released on January 12, 2007.

Plot
Eli Michaelson, a self-involved chemistry professor, learns he has been awarded the Nobel Prize. After verbally abusing his wife, son, colleagues, and nominal girlfriend, he heads off to Sweden with his wife Sarah to collect his award. His son Barkley misses the flight.

Barkley has chosen to study not chemistry but anthropology, and this perceived failure triggers constant torrents of abuse from his father. His missing the flight, though, is the apparently innocent result of having been kidnapped by the deranged Thaddeus James, who claims to be Eli's son by the wife of a former colleague. Thaddeus successfully obtains a ransom of $2 million, which he then splits with Barkley who, it appears, has orchestrated the kidnapping to obtain money from his father.

Shortly after Barkley's release, Thaddeus rents a garage apartment from the Michaelsons and begins to charm Eli with his knowledge of chemistry. Barkley undertakes a campaign of psychological terror aimed at Thaddeus and his girlfriend, performance artist City Hall. This ultimately results in the death of Thaddeus and commitment to a mental hospital for City.

Meanwhile, Barkley kidnaps Eli and threatens to expose the scientific fraud that led to Eli receiving a Nobel Prize that he did not deserve. Eli's long-suffering wife, Sarah, demands a divorce while praising her son for his devious behavior.

In the final scenes, Sarah, Barkley, and Sarah's police detective boyfriend, Max Mariner are seen on a tropical beach. Mariner appears to have been in the dark through most of the movie, but has figured out towards the end that he wants to be with Sarah and can live with the theft of $2 million from her scoundrel husband. Eli is seen in his classroom unrepentantly flirting with another student. He has lost his wife, son, and the money, but he still has his Nobel Prize and the professor position.

Cast

 * Alan Rickman as Eli Michaelson, a philandering chemistry professor who wins the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
 * Bryan Greenberg as Barkley Michaelson, the down-on-his-luck college student son of Eli Michaelson, who is kidnapped for ransom following his father's winning of the Nobel Prize.
 * Shawn Hatosy as Thaddeus James, Barkley's kidnapper with a dark past.
 * Mary Steenburgen as Sarah Michaelson, a forensic psychiatrist; wife of Eli and mother of Barkley.
 * Bill Pullman as Max Mariner, the police detective investigating Barkley's kidnapping.
 * Eliza Dushku as City Hall, a local poet/artist on whom Barkley has a crush.
 * Danny DeVito as George Gastner, the Michaelsons' guest house tenant who is learning to control his obsessive-compulsive disorder.
 * Lindy Booth as Beth Chapman, a grad student who’s having an affair with Eli

Cameos include Ted Danson and Tracey Walter as university colleagues of Eli Michaelson, and Ernie Hudson as a police detective aiding in the ransom negotiation.

Release
The film premiered at the 2007 Tribeca Film Festival in New York City. That November, Nobel Son was picked up for distribution by Freestyle Releasing, who gave it a limited theatrical release on December 5, 2008.

Reception
The film was widely panned by critics. Rotten Tomatoes reports that 26% of critics gave positive reviews based on 66 reviews, with an average score of 4.1/10. The site's consensus reads, "Despite the best efforts of a strong cast, Nobel Son is over-plotted and self-consciously odd." Metacritic, based on a normalized rating from 100 top reviews from mainstream critics, gave the film an average score of 28/100, based on 18 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".

Manohla Dargis, writing for The New York Times, described the film as "an aggressively noisy exercise in style over substance about nasty people doing nasty things to one another." Roger Ebert gave the film three out of four stars, praising the cast and writing, "The plot is ingenious, the schemes are diabolical, and it is not every day that a character needs to inform us, 'It is more cruel to eat the living than the dead'". Ain't It Cool News called the film "entertaining".

title: Nobel Son


text: User talk:70.112.235.30

title: User talk:70.112.235.30


text:
West Virginia Route 100

West Virginia Route 100 is a north–south state highway located entirely within Monongalia County, West Virginia. The southern terminus of the route is at U.S. Route 19 in Westover, located on the opposite (west) bank of the Monongahela River of Morgantown. The northern terminus is at US 19 five miles (8 km) northwest of Maidsville.

History
WV 100 was the prior route of US 19 prior to the construction of the Star City Bridge over the Monongahela River, which crosses over WV 100 about 1/3 of the way from its southern terminus, in about 1950. Prior to that time, there was no river crossing into Morgantown other than the Westover Bridge.

title: West Virginia Route 100


text:
User talk:Mightydein

Please stop vandalasim the Newgrounds page. If you continue do so, I will contact a sysop and request that page be locked (so as to impede futher vandalism).--Vertigo200 21:31, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, as you did to Newgrounds, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. — HorsePunchKid →龜 2005-12-06 05:55:21Z

title: User talk:Mightydein


text: User talk:80.177.102.58

title: User talk:80.177.102.58


text:
Barnekow family

The Barnekow family is a medieval German noble family originating from Mecklenburg and Pommerania. Though the original Mecklenburg branch died out around 1600, Danish, Swedish, and German lines of the family still exist.

The family shares its name with the present-day municipality of Barnekow in Germany. The etymology of the name Barnekow has Wendish origins: "Baran" meaning ram, "ek" for the diminutive form, and "ow" referring to a place.

History
Historical evidence of the Barnekow family of Rügen dates back to 1255. Earlier references are found of Alvericus de Bernekowe, who was born in Barnekow around 1186. He had a son recorded as Hinricus de Barnekowe. Hinricus' son Ulrich Barnekow is recorded as a witness to a treaty between the King of Denmark Erik Menved and Henrik of Mecklenburg in 1307.

Danish line

The oldest branch of the Pommeranian Barnekow family moved to Denmark in the beginning of the 16th century when Hans Barnekow acquired the estate Birkholm (now Løvenborg). Hans became a naturalised citizen on 13 December 1547, at which time he was also ennobled. Christian Barnekow inherited the estate after the death of his elder brother Johan Barnekow in 1603. He had already acquired the nearby estate Tølløsegård in 1592.

A descendant of a separate line, Wilken Zacharias Barnekow (1730–1784), later also settled in Denmark, where he served as a lieutenant colonel. His descendants received a patent recognising them as members of the Danish nobility on 26 September 1877. Among those who thus became nobles was Christian Barnekow, a composer who produced written histories about the family.

At various points in time, descendants of the Barnekow family have owned the estates of Løvenborg, Tølløsegård, Gammel Køgegård, Ødemark (in Sorø Municipality), Jomfruens Egede, and Nielstrup (in Guldborgsund Municipality).

Swedish line
Christian Barnekow owned Vidskøvle slot and Lillö slot in Skåne. His descendants became members of the Swedish nobility in 1664, following the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, when Scania became a Swedish territory. His grandson, also named Christian Barnekow (1626–1666), was given the title of baron in 1751. In 1816, his descendant, Christian Barnekow (1773–1830) was given the title of count, and thus the head of this branch of the family inherit that title. Several descendants of this line became members of the Swedish Parliament.

German line
A German noble line still exists.

Coat of arms
It is possible that there have been two different noble families with this name, as the Mecklenburg branch carried a separate coat of arms from the Pommeranian Barnekows of Rügen. The coat of arms used by the Rügen branch consists of a shield bearing the upper body of a ram in red on a silver field, above which sits a helmet between two white ostrich or peacock feathers. Both the ram and the helmet bear crowns, though the specific design of the helmet varies.

Notable members

Notable descendants of the family include, but are not limited to:

 * Hans Barnekow (?–1559), diplomat and member of the Privy Council of Denmark.
 * Christian Barnekow (1556–1612), extensive traveller and royal diplomat of the King of Denmark
 * Christian Barnekow (1626–1666), traveller and commissioner in Skåneland, husband of Brita Scheel.
 * Kjell Christoffer Barnekow (1663–1700), Swedish colonel
 * Christian Barnekow (1694–1762), Swedish baron, general
 * Kjell Christoffer Barnekow (1730–1818), baron
 * Adolf Fredrik Barnekow (1744–1787), baron, architect, head of the Royal Swedish Theaters
 * Christian Barnekow (1773–1830), count
 * Kjell Christoffer Barnekow, (1781–1875), baron
 * Adolf Barnekow (1838–1924), count
 * Fredrik Barnekow (1839–1912), baron
 * Adolph Gotthardt Joachim Barnekow (1805–1839)
 * Christian Barnekow (1837–1913), Danish composer
 * Raven Freiherr von Barnekow (1897–1941), World War I flying ace, Luftwaffe General

title: Barnekow family


text:
Gobbledok

The Gobbledok is a fictitious television character used to promote The Smith's Snackfood Company brand potato chips in Australia. A light brown alien from "Dok the Potato Planet", the Gobbledok was known for its multi-colored mohawk hairstyle, its obsession for eating Smith's potato chips, and its catchphrase "chippie, chippie, chippie!"

Initially conceived for a one-off advertisement by John Finkelson of Sydney's George Patterson Advertising agency, the Gobbledok was designed and created by special effects worker Warren Beaton, who later worked for Wētā Workshop. The character's unexpected success led to numerous further appearances between 1987 and 1996. It continues to make occasional appearances in commercials and on packaging, and was used in an advertisement in 2021 to commemorate The Smith's Snackfood Company's 90th anniversary in Australia. The Gobbledok was voiced by Dave Gibson, who was also known for voice-work on the TV series Australia's Funniest Home Videos. Gibson reprised his role as the character's voice for the 2021 advertisement.

title: Gobbledok