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August Klughardt

August Friedrich Martin Klughardt (30 November 1847 – 3 August 1902) was a German composer and conductor.

Life
Klughardt, who was born in Köthen, took his first piano and music theory lessons at the age of 10. Soon he began to compose his first pieces, which were performed by a music circle Klughardt had founded himself at school. In 1863, his family moved to Dessau. One year later, Klughardt gave his debut as pianist.

After having finished school, he moved to Dresden in 1866. There, he took further lessons and brought his compositions to the public for the first time. One year later, he began to earn his living as a conductor. At first, he worked at the municipal theatre in Posen (Poznań) for one season, then in Neustrelitz for one season, and finally in Lübeck for several months. From 1869 to 1873, he worked at the court theatre in Weimar. There, he met Franz Liszt, which was very important for his creative development. In 1873, he returned to Neustrelitz where he became chief conductor. He was appointed manager in 1880. In 1876, he visited the first Bayreuth Festival.

From 1882 to the end of his life, he was director of music at the court in Dessau. In 1892 and 1893, he conducted Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen. He received many distinctions in his last years: he was appointed member of the Berlin Academy of Arts in 1898 and he was made honorary doctor by the University of Erlangen. He was also asked to direct the Singakademie in Berlin, but he rejected this offer. Klughardt died suddenly in Roßlau at the age of 54.

Style
Klughardt's meeting with Liszt established his enthusiasm for the music of the Neudeutsche Schule around Wagner and Liszt. Indeed, his works reflect some of their conceptions. Nevertheless, Klughardt did not shy away from keeping up genres which Wagner and Liszt rejected. He wrote six symphonies and a lot of chamber music. Likewise, he did not compose a single symphonic poem, a genre that was propagated by Liszt, but several more old-fashioned programmatic overtures. In fact, Robert Schumann's influence is probably more obvious in Klughardt's works.

He intended to create a synthesis of these dissimilar tendencies. In his operas, he used Wagner's leitmotif technique, but he held to the older number opera instead of Wagner's through-composed music-drama. Some of his compositions show Klughardt as a child of his times, for example his choral work Die Grenzberichtigung (The correction of the frontier), Op. 25, which was composed when Germany won the Franco-Prussian war in 1870/71. Altogether, Klughardt must be considered as a rather conservative composer in spite of his interest in more modern tendencies. Today, most of his output is nearly forgotten. Only his Cello concerto, his Schilflieder (Reed Songs) and his Wind quintet are played from time to time.

Recordings
In 2011, the label CPO recorded his Symphony No. 3 in D major, Op. 37 and the Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 65 with the Dessau Anhalt Philharmonic Orchestra, soloist Miriam Tschopp and conductor Golo Berg. In 2016, it released the Symphony No. 4 in C Minor, Op. 57 and the Drei Stücke für Orchester, Op. 87, a series of three well-contrasted pieces (Capriccio, Gavotte, and Tarantelle), performed by the same orchestra but this time conducted by Antony Hermus. The Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 71 was also recorded on CPO in 2013 with the same orchestra and conductor and also contains the Concert Overture in E "Im Frühling" (In Spring), Op. 30 and the Fest-Overture in E flat, Op. 78. Between 1975 and 1980 another label, Sterling, recorded the Concert Overture in G major, Op. 45, the Konzertstück for Oboe and Orchestra in F, Op. 18, the Cello Concerto in A minor, Op. 59 and the Suite for Orchestra, "Auf der Wanderschaft" (A Walk in the Countryside), Op. 67, an orchestration by the composer of an earlier piano suite that he composed after he and his wife holidayed in the Harz mountains; they are performed by Rolf-Julius Koch (oboe), Horst Beckedorf (cello) and the NDR Radiophilarmonie with three different conductors.

Selected works

 * Symphonies
 * Waldleben (1871 symphony Life in the forest, withdrawn)
 * Symphony No.1 in D minor Lenore, Op. 27 (1873)
 * Symphony No.2 in F minor, Op. 34 (1876)
 * Symphony No.3 in D major, Op. 37 (1879)
 * Symphony No.4 in C minor, Op. 57 (1897)
 * Symphony No.5 in C minor, Op. 71 (1897, arrangement of the Sextet, Op. 58)
 * other works for orchestra
 * Sophionisbe, ouverture, Op. 12 (1869)
 * Konzertstück for oboe and orchestra in F major, Op. 18 (c. 1870)
 * Die Wacht am Rhein. Siegesouvertüre (The watch on the Rhine. Victory ouverture), Op. 26 (1871)
 * Concert Overture in E major Im Fruhling, Op. 30 (c. 1873)
 * Suite in A minor, Op. 40 (1883)
 * Concert Overture in G major Op. 45 (1884)
 * Cello Concerto in A minor, Op. 59 (by 1892)
 * Auf der Wanderschaft (On the tramp), suite, Op. 67 (1896, originally for piano)
 * Violin concerto in D major, Op. 68 (c. 1895)
 * Fest-Overture in E-flat major, Op. 78 (1897)
 * Romance for bass clarinet and orchestra
 * Operas
 * Mirjam, Op. 15 (c. 1870)
 * Iwein, Op. 35 (1877/78)
 * Gudrun, Op. 38 (1883)
 * Die Hochzeit des Mönchs (The friar's wedding), Op. 48 (c. 1885)
 * other vocal music
 * Die Zerstörung Jerusalems (The destruction of Jerusalem), oratorio (c. 1898)
 * Judith, oratorio (c. 1900)
 * choral works
 * songs
 * Chamber music
 * String quartet in F major, Op. 42 (c. 1883)
 * String quartet in D major, Op. 61 (c. 1890)
 * String quintet in G minor, Op. 62 (c. 1890)
 * String sextet in C-sharp minor, Op. 58 (c. 1890, lost)
 * Piano trio in B-flat major, Op. 47 (c. 1885)
 * Piano quintet in G minor, Op. 43 (c. 1883)
 * Schilflieder (Reed songs), 5 Fantasiestücke after poems by Lenau for piano, oboe and viola, Op. 28 (1872)
 * Wind Quintet in C major, Op.79 (c. 1898)

title: August Klughardt


text: User talk:24.181.77.74

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:24.181.77.74


text:
Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (royalty and nobility)/Archive 16

Archives

 * Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Western nobility)/Archive 0 (formerly Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (monarchs) - very old)
 * Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (names and titles)/older archives
 * Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (names and titles)/Archive 2
 * Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (names and titles)/Archive 3
 * Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (names and titles)/Archive 4
 * Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (names and titles)/Archive 5
 * Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (names and titles)/Archive 6
 * Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (names and titles)/Archive 7

Kings of Ireland and Scotland
The examples in the proposed policy shows an Anglocentric POV. Kings (and Queens) of England after 1536 (including Henry VIII) were legally Kings of Ireland as well while Kings of England after 1603 were also Kings of Scotland. After 1707 until 1801, Kings of Great Britain remained Kings of Ireland. The full title of the UK was of "Great Britain and Ireland". Therefore the correct style (in terms of historical reference books) would be "Elizabeth I of England and Ireland", "Anne of England, Ireland and Scotland", "George I of Great Britain and Ireland", etc.--Andrew L 22:24, 8 October 2005 (UTC)--Andrew L 22:24, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Would it not be less POV to say Kings (and Queens) of England after 1536 (including Henry VIII) "Styled themseves" Kings of Ireland (Rather than First Lord)?

But be that as it may see Naming conventions (names and titles) Number 4:
 * Where a monarch has reigned over a number of states, use the most commonly associated ones. For example, "Charles II of England", not "Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland".

Now that may be POV to say that England is "the most commonly associated one" but as they all chose to spend most of their time in England (with possible exception of King Billy) England is most probably the most common association. --Philip Baird Shearer 16:27, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The numericals will be wrong in some cases too Fornadan (t) 21:59, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

=Addition proposed=

proposed tag
Is it still needed? And if so, should this be moved from the conventions part of Naming conventions to the under consideration part? Hiding talk 11:10, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
 * The discussion whether it should be
 * Naming conventions (names and titles)
 * OR
 * Naming conventions (Western nobility) + Naming conventions (Western clergy)
 * is still not concluded.
 * The first of these options equals the second, apart from:
 * Due to length of the guideline text, a split in two guidelines (one for nobility and one for clergy) is proposed - this also allows to expand the clergy part a bit, which is now very narrowly including only a limited part of the Christian denominations (and no Jews, etc...).
 * In the first option naming conventions (common names) is described as an exception to the names and titles NC guideline. The second option has the same content, only this option starts from the common names principle, providing solutions where that principle is not unambiguous. This way of putting it (that in practice does not lead to differences in page name all that often), is however better suited to link nobility and clergy naming conventions to the central ideas of naming conventions (people).
 * I'll list this discussion on current surveys now. --Francis Schonken 13:01, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Based on your summation, I'd support the second option. Hiding talk 13:10, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Implemented accordingly --Francis Schonken 10:36, 19 November 2005 (UTC)

You have not discussed turning this page into a redirect to Naming conventions (Western nobility) before you did it. This needs more discussion before making a decision to implement such a change. --Philip Baird Shearer 14:15, 19 November 2005 (UTC)

Hi Philip, please stop taking policy & guidelines decisions single-handedly: this has been on current surveys for 10 days (linking to this section as discussion area). All persons who cared to join the discussion in that period supported. Further, all remarks prior to the "current surveys" listing had been handled a long time ago. --Francis Schonken 14:52, 19 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I concur with Phil. Gene Nygaard 15:09, 19 November 2005 (UTC)

Re. Gene Nygaard's assertion "there is no such discussion on current surveys and no mention of any such on talk page here" (edit summary): Gene Nygaard, please check fact prior to making wild assertions. A sorry would suffise now, as far as I'm concerned. --Francis Schonken 15:29, 19 November 2005 (UTC)
 * "I'll list this discussion on current surveys now. --Francis Schonken 13:01, 9 November 2005 (UTC)" - about 10 lines above on this page;
 * 13:09, 9 November 2005 - Listing on "current surveys" page the included link is: "Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (names and titles)", that is this page, this section
 * 10:34, 19 November 2005 - De-listed from current surveys after 10 days, that is after I had implemented the proposed change.

 * I do not have Current surveys on my watch list. I suspect most people who have an interest in this page do not. However even if I had I would not have understood what you were proposing, becase to me the wording is not clear. In my opinion your wording above does not make it clear that you intended to wipe this page and start again with you own version of this page. Now I may not be against that, but please explain in more detail why you think that it is necessary and the detailed difference between this version and the one you are proposing. They way you have implemented the change is the equivalent of a cut and past move. So even if I am in favour of your changes, and I have not made up my mind on that, then the move should be made using the move tab, not as a cut and past which buries the history under a redirect. --Philip Baird Shearer 19:32, 19 November 2005 (UTC)

What is going on here? There was no coverage of this anywhere that I could find. For a start the move makes absolutely no sense. Monarchs and nobles are two distinct categories. A monarch isn't a noble and a noble isn't a monarch. Moving a page to an inaccurate new name is ludicrous. All Francis seems to have done is create confusion. Put things back and hold a proper survey. [[user_talk:Jtdirl]] 22:59, 19 November 2005 (UTC)

As there was clearly no debate, much less consensus, on its creation (unless you call the participation of one person other than the creator a consensus!) Naming conventions (Western nobility) has been nominated for deletion. The early work on the original page involved drafts being prepared, messages sent to the w-list, twenty users who had already partipated in the development of royal naming being contacted to seek their opinions, and other messages left all over Wikipedia. Every effort was made to ensure that a large number of people participated in the discussion and a consensus arrived at that really wasa consensus. The contrast between that and the lack of communication surrounding the creation of this 'new' page is stark. [[user_talk:Jtdirl]] 02:22, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Below you can find the text of the alternative I proposed.

 * This text had been proposed on this talk page before, for example on 8 september (now in archive 7) diff

 * We're not here to discuss temporary amnesias of people regularly contributing to this page.

 * Note that at that time I characterised this alternative as safeguarding all the "rules" of Naming conventions (names and titles), apart from putting "exceptions" where they should be according to the views I have expressed several times on this page. - This is the same as I expressed above, when I re-proposed this guideline on this page.

 * Re. whether royals can be included in a page on Western nobility: John Kenney had remarked on that too, and I had replied, see Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (people)/Archive01 - was that reply not satisfactory?

 * Start of Western nobility NC proposal

This is a further detail to Naming conventions (people), concentrating on Western nobility.

As monarchs and other nobility often use titles rather than surnames, and often change titles, using a clear and agreed nomenclature can sometimes be difficult.

The following is a set of conventions that have emerged from a detailed discussion on Wikipedia. For the discussions, see the talk page and archives of the "names and titles" naming conventions page, the talk page of the general naming conventions page and, earlier, the "history standards" talk page.

Most general rule overall: use the most common form of the name used in English - if that doesn't work or leads to an ambiguous result, see whether Naming conventions (people) can help you out. If that still doesn't work, this guideline is here to solve further disambiguation and/or naming issues.

Western Nobility
Most of the conventions below are intended for medieval and modern European and Muslim rulers and nobility, since in these civilizations several countries share the same given names, so some disambiguation is often required, and disambiguation by territorial designation is convenient. Elsewhere, territorial designations are usually unnecessary in names and in article titles.

Note that the below will generally not apply to:
 * 1) Eastern and Polynesian civilizations. See also: Manual of Style (China-related articles), Manual of Style (Japan-related articles), Manual of Style (Thailand-related articles).
 * 2) Roman Monarchs or other Nobility, see: Naming conventions (ancient Romans)
 * 3) Germanic peoples (and any other leaders of a people, rather than a country or nation), if any description at all is used (and this is something the early medievalists should work on), it should be "of the Goths", etc.

Monarchical titles
For monarchs:
 * 1) Pre-emptively disambiguate the names of monarchs, of modern countries in the format "{Monarch's first name and ordinal} of {Country}". Examples: Edward I of England; Alfonso XII of Spain; Henry I of France; Cleopatra VII of Egypt.
 * 2) Where there has only been one holder of a specific monarchical name in a state, the ordinal is used only when the ordinal was in official use. For example, Victoria of the United Kingdom, not Victoria I of the United Kingdom; Juan Carlos I of Spain, not Juan Carlos of Spain. The usage of ordinals where there has been more than a single holder of a specific monarchical name is correct and appropriate. For example, William I of England, not William of England or William the Conqueror, as William II of England and William III of England hold the same monarchical name.
 * 3) Take care to use the correct name of the state at the time when a monarch reigned. So it is
 * 4) with the British: monarchs of England only up to 1707 (eg., Henry VIII of England), Great Britain from 1707-1800 (eg. Anne of Great Britain), the United Kingdom since 1801 (eg. Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom). England, Great Britain and the United Kingdom were all different states covering different geographic areas, and so they do need to be clarified.
 * 5) with German monarchs: Holy Roman Empire until 1806 (e.g. Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor), Germany from 1871 (e.g. Wilhelm II of Germany), Austria after then, etc. Germany is especially complex; when in doubt, refer to List of German Kings and Emperors.
 * 6) But if an obscure official name of a state exists alongside a clearly understood one, it is fine to use the more widely known version. For example, Kings of Greece rather than the technically correct Kings of the Hellenes.
 * 7) Where a monarch has reigned over a number of states, use the most commonly associated ones. For example, Charles II of England, not Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland; Wilhelm II of Germany, not Wilhelm II of Prussia, although there should be redirects from these locations
 * 8) European monarchs whose rank was below that of King (e.g. Grand Dukes, Electors, Dukes, Princes), should be at the location "{Monarch's first name and ordinal}, {Title} of {Country}". Examples: Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
 * 9) Do not apply an ordinal in an article title to a pretender, i.e., someone who has not reigned. For example, use Louis-Alphonse, Duc d'Anjou, not Louis XX when referring to the legitimist pretender to the French throne. A person may however be referred to if they have a title, for example, Victor Emmanuel, Prince of Naples for the last Italian Crown Prince. But he should not be referred to as Victor Emmanuel IV even though Italian royalists call him so. Where someone has a disputed title, for example, "Henry V" – whom French Legimists believed became the real king of France in 1830 after Charles X's abdication – could be referred to as such in the article. Alternatively a disambulation page could be created, redirecting enquiries about "Henry V" to the page where his biography exists, that is, Henri, comte de Chambord.
 * 10) Former or deposed monarchs should be referred to by their previous monarchical title with the exception of those who are still alive and are most commonly referred to by a non-monarchial title; all former or deposed monarchs should revert to their previous monarchical title upon death; for example, Constantine II of Greece not ex-King Constantine II or Constantine Gluckberg, Edward VIII of the United Kingdom not the Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor, but Simeon Saxe-Coburg Gotha not Simeon II of Bulgaria.
 * 11) No family or middle names, except where English speakers normally use them. No cognomens (nicknames) in article titles – they go in the first line of the article.
 * 12) Make redirects from other plausible names that people might search for or link to, even if strictly incorrect. For example, Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom should have redirects from Elizabeth II of England, Elizabeth II of Great Britain, Elizabeth Windsor, Queen Elizabeth II etc.

Other royals
For royalty other than monarchs:
 * 1) If they hold a princely substantive title, use "{first name}, {title}". Examples: Charles, Prince of Wales, Anne, Princess Royal, Felipe, Prince of Asturias.
 * 2) If they hold a substantive title that is not princely (a peerage, for instance), use "Prince/ss {first name}, {title}". Examples: Prince Andrew, Duke of York, Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex. Numerals are not used. Example: Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, not "Prince Richard, 2nd Duke of Gloucester".
 * 3) Use "Prince/ss {first name} of ..." where they have a territorial suffix by virtue of their parent's title, eg, Prince William of Wales, Princess Beatrice of York, Prince Arthur of Connaught, etc.
 * 4) Where they have no title, use the form "Prince/ss {name} of {country}," eg. Princess Irene of Greece.  Only former royal consorts should not have a title mentioned, eg Anne of Denmark. Using royal titles for more junior royals will enable users to distinguish between royal consorts and others.
 * 5) When dealing with a Crown Prince/ss of a state, use the form "{name}, Crown Prince/ss of {state}" unless there is a clear formal title awarded to a prince which defines their status as crown prince (eg, 'Charles, Prince of Wales', 'Felipe, Prince of Asturias', etc)
 * 6) Do not use styles as part of a title of an article; eg, Princess Irene of Greece not HRH Princess Irene of Greece.
 * 7) Do not use 'surnames' in article names. Most royal families do not have surnames. Many that do have different personal surnames to the name of their Royal House. For example, different members of the Royal House of Windsor have a range of surnames: Windsor, Mountbatten-Windsor, etc. Charles, Prince of Wales, for example, is not Charles Windsor but Charles Mountbatten-Windsor, as are his siblings and all their children. But many of his cousins are Windsor or other names. Similarly, the House of Habsburg is different to the surnames of some members of the Habsburg/Habsburg-Lorraine family.
 * 8) Incorporate surnames if they are known in the opening line of an article, eg, Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten-Windsor. But don't automatically presume that a name of a Royal Family is the personal surname of its members. In many cases it is not.  For visual clarity, an article should begin with the form "{royal title} {name} {ordinal if appropriate} (full name (+ surname if known, but not for monarchs)" with the full name unformatted and the rest in  bold (3 's) . In practice, this means for example an article on Britain's Queen Elizabeth should begin "Queen Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary)". Using this format displays the most important information clearly without an unattractive excess of formatting. Other information on royal titles should be listed where appropriate in chronological order.
 * 9) Past Royal Consorts are referred to by their pre-marital name or pre-marital title, not by their consort name, as without an ordinal (which they lack) it is difficult to distinguish various consorts; eg, as there have been many queen consorts called Catherine, use Catherine of Aragon not Queen Catherine.
 * 10) Existing Royal Consorts are referred to by their consort name, eg. Queen Sofia of Spain. But when she dies, she will revert to her pre-marital title, ie, Sofia of Greece. As widow, some appropriate addition (usually announced by the country in question) will be amended to (such as Queen Dowager or Queen Mother), with the new Queen of Spain being referred to by the consort designation. The same rule applies to male royal consorts.
 * 11) Use the most senior title received by a royal personage. For example, George V of the United Kingdom is referred to as such, not George, Duke of York or George, Prince of Wales, his earlier titles.

Other non-royal names

 * 1) Members of the hereditary Peerage (people who inherit their title), such as a marquess, viscount, count, duke, earl, etc., as with royals have two names.  For example Henry John Temple was also the 3rd Viscount Palmerston, hence typically referred to as "Lord Palmerston". Rule here is, "So-and-so, ordinal (if appropriate) title (of) place", and place redirects as you see fit. The sequence number is included since personal names are often duplicated (see Earl of Aberdeen.) Examples: Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, or Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, with redirect Lord Palmerston, which allows both of his names to be included. EXCEPTIONS: When individuals received hereditary peerages after retiring from the post of Prime Minister (unless they are better known for their later career under an additional/alternative title), or for any other reason are known exclusively by their personal names, do not include the peerage dignity. Examples: Anthony Eden (not "Anthony Eden, 1st Earl of Avon"), Bertrand Russell (not "Bertrand Russell, 3rd Earl Russell") (but Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth not "Henry Addington"). When individuals held more than one peerage and are best known by a title other than their highest one, use the interim one. Examples: Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich (not "Frederick John Robinson, 1st Earl of Ripon"), William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne (not "William Petty, 1st Marquess of Lansdowne"). When individuals inherited or were created peers but are best known to history by a courtesy title use that. Examples: Frederick North, Lord North (not "Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford"), Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh (not "Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry"). When a peer holds one or more other peerages of the same rank as his most senior peerage, use only the most senior peerage in the title. Example: Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, not "Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond and 1st Duke of Lennox" or "Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond and Lennox". Single peerages with multiple parts should be used in full. Example: Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, not "Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore".
 * 2) Life peers (ie, people who have peerages awarded exclusively for their lifetime but who neither inherit it nor pass it on to anyone else) use the same standard as for hereditary peers: use the dignity in the title, unless the individual is exclusively referred to by personal name. For example: Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone (not "Quintin McGarel Hogg"), but Margaret Thatcher (not "Margaret Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher.")
 * 3) An honorific such as Lord Normanby may refer to any of the holders of the associated title, so can redirect to a page about the title itself.
 * 4) Titles of Knighthood such as Sir and Dame should not be included in the article title: use personal name instead, e.g., Arthur Conan Doyle not Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. (But make a redirect from the form with the title if it is well known, thus Sir Walter Raleigh redirects to Walter Raleigh.) The article itself should clarify details such as the full title, etc. "Sir" may be used in article titles as a disambiguator.  Honorary titles should not be used at all, but the appropriate post-nominal letters or explanation should be in the article.  This Bob Geldof is not "Sir Bob Geldof" in the title and is "Bob Geldof KBE (hon.)" in the text. Post-nominals should not be used for non-Commonwealth or former British Empire citizens as their use outside a Commonwealth context are extremely rare.
 * 5) Baronets, as they hold hereditary titles, often for a large part of their lives, follow the same practice as hereditary peers and should have their title noted in the beginning of the article. The format is Sir John Smith, 17th Baronet. For the article title, this format should only be used when disambiguation is necessary; otherwise, the article should be located at John Smith.
 * 6) Courtesy titles (also referred to as an honorific prefix) such as Lord or Lady differ from full titles because unlike full titles they are included as part of the personal name, often from birth. As such, they should be included in the article title if a person if universally recognised with it and their name is unrecognisable without it. For example,  the late nineteenth century British politician Lord Frederick Cavendish was always known by that form of name, never simply Frederick Cavendish. Using the latter form would produce a name that would be unrecognisable to anyone searching for a page on Cavendish. Similarly, Lady Gregory, the Irish playwright, is more recognisable to readers than Augusta Gregory.
 * 7) In general, use the most commonly recognized English-language form of the name.  Create redirections or disambiguations for other plausible links.
 * 8) Other names and titles, if any, should appear in the first paragraph of the article so they can be searched for.
 * 9) In East Asian names, look at common English usage to decide whether the western first-name last-name or the eastern last-name first-name order should be used. As a rule of thumb, Japanese names should usually be given in the western, Chinese names in the eastern order. A redirect from whatever order is not used, is almost always a good idea. Again, see Manual of Style (China-related articles), Manual of Style (Japan-related articles), Manual of Style (Thailand-related articles).
 * 10) People in the Hispanic world often have a double surname (see Spanish names). The first one is received from the father, the second from the mother. However, in practice often only the paternal name is used, and one should thus add them to Wikipedia under this name (e.g., Fidel Castro). In the first mentioning of the name in the article, use the full name. If the most common name is not the paternal form (e.g., Gabriel García Márquez), use the most common form for the article.

Other
If you get stuck again: ...maybe this guideline showed you nonetheless something about the approach, which could make it easier to interpret the solutions offered at Naming conventions (people), or some of the other guidelines mentioned below, in the "Naming conventions" Category or on the main "Naming conventions" guideline page. If none of this seems to apply, it is possible to leave a note on the talk page.

Clerical names
For popes, patriarchs, cardinals, etc, see Naming conventions (Western clergy)

In case of collision between a monarchical title and a clerical title there is no fixed rule, these cases are mostly solved individually, most often resuming the "what a person is known best by without ambiguity" principle:

Examples of the nobility title taking precedence:
 * Louis IX of France and not Saint Louis (regnal name disambiguates better, while there are several Saint Louis's)

Other European

 * Guidelines for the spelling of names of Polish rulers

Non-European and non-Western (names and titles)
Apply Most general rule overall: use the most common form of the name used in English if none of the rules cover a specific problem.
 * History standards for China-related articles, for China-related articles.
 * Manual of Style (Japan-related articles), for Japan-related articles.
 * Manual of Style (Thailand-related articles), for Thailand-related articles.

Comments

 * Indeed this is 95% or so text literally taken from the names and titles NC - I never made a secret about that.

 * As for preservation of the history of the names and titles NC, deletion of the Western nobility NC page would make it easier to preserve that history (apart from, of course, the history of how the alternative was built).

 * As there seems no opposition to split off the "Western clergy" NC, I'll adapt the names and titles NC accordingly.

 * --Francis Schonken 09:00, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Also, I update the footnotes format according to footnotes --Francis Schonken 09:12, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

Please remove the text of your article from this talk page as does not help clarify the discussion. Why not put it in a sub page under your user name and then put a link in to the text rather than dumping it into this talk page?

As to your statement "there seems no opposition to split off the "Western clergy" NC, I'll adapt the names and titles NC accordingly." You have not built a consensus to do this so please do not make any changes to the article until you have built a consensus to do so. I for one object to you making any changes until you have explained what the changes are and what you think the impact of the changes will be.

As I said above, but is lost in the verbiage of the text you have dumped on this talk page. I may not be against the changes but please explain why you wish to make them and what you think the differences make to the conventions. Because of your request to move William I of England (Talk:William I of England) in August, which as far as I could see was to make a point, I am wondering what you agenda is here, so I would feel more comfortable if you would explain these changes before making them. --Philip Baird Shearer 13:11, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi Philip,
 * Thanks for your sympathetic criticism. However, I have a question for you: where was the "consensus" built to describe Naming conventions (names and titles) as an exception to Naming conventions (common names)? Could you give me a clear reference? Early 2004 consensus was built that article naming should be according to the "common names" principle (ref) - although I looked for it I couldn't find anywhere where consensus was built to overthrow that principle for Royals and (other) nobility. Could you please give me a clear reference?
 * Re. my motivation, I have no other motivation or "agenda" than harmonisation of Wikipedia policies and guidelines, that is: make them more coherent. I was always clear about that, so, nothing hidden.
 * I see no reason for your blind revert of my attempt to make the two existing footnotes in the names & titles guideline conform to footnotes. Maybe you're a sysop and used the roll-back function? I'm not a sysop, but also here I would like the names & titles NC to be coherent to that other guideline. --Francis Schonken 09:45, 21 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, based on the ensuing debate, I have to say I've changed my mind, and that the way these conventions are currently set up works for me, and I oppose Francis' proposal. I'm not sure I see the reasoning behind it, it all looks to work pretty fine as is. Hiding  talk 17:33, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

FS the reference you point to as other "ref" (Naming conventions (common names) was a discussion about and a poll on city names. The consensus on this article exists in the talk pages of this article. In late August and early September changes were made to exception 2 and point 2. These have now been in place for months and aprt from yourself no one has raised an objection to them. When you made a point of putting up articles like William I of England up for a change by WP:RM, they were in the main decisivly rejected, in the case of William by 11 to 2, which indicates that most people concure with the current wording. The changes made in late August and early september to the wording of both exception 2 and point 2, were to reflect how everyone but yourself already interprted the guidelines and the rejection of the William (and other moves) should have made it clear to you that most people agree with the wording of this guideline. Further your new page to which you tried to make this page a redirect is up for a speedy deletion with the votes running 6 to 0 Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Western nobility). You still have not made it clear with an example what pages you think will be affected by your changes. What is it in exception 2 that you object to?

Does anyone (apart from FS) object to me restoring the edit I made ("Revision as of 14:44, 21 November 2005") removing the templates from the top of this article to this version of the article which is the current article (with the Habsburg-Lorraine fix) that was the "Revision as of 20:25, 22 September 2005"? --Philip Baird Shearer 20:38, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

 * No, that edit looks fine to me. Hiding talk 21:10, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Re. what I think problematic about the present "exception #2" formulation: first in the intro of the guideline it is written:"Most general rule overall: use the most common form of the name used in English if none of the rules below cover a specific problem."Which disables the "common names" principle for the rules contained in the guideline. Then, in "exception #2" one encounters:"If a person is overwhelmingly best known by a cognomen, or by a name that doesn't fit the guidelines above, revert to the base rule: use the most common English name. Examples: Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Louis the Pious, Henry the Lion, etc...'."Which enables the "common names" principle again for monarchs.
 * I don't think it to be good guideline writing to first disable a principle that is shared by all NC guidelines, and then, afterwards, enable it again as an "exception".
 * In the alternate proposal I wrote, in the intro:"Most general rule overall: use the most common form of the name used in English - if that doesn't work or leads to an ambiguous result, see whether Naming conventions (people) can help you out. If that still doesn't work, this guideline is here to solve further disambiguation and/or naming issues."Which links better to how other NC guidelines incorporate the "common names" principle (... and there's no need any more to add a formulation of the "common names" principle in a list of exceptions).
 * There's no more to it: just harmonise the NC guidelines.
 * As for which article names would be affected: I think virtually none: certainly not William I of England, nor Victoria, Princess Royal and Empress Frederick, nor Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu, nor George Sand, nor...
 * "Maybe", but that's a big "maybe", some of the dukes of Burgundy might be affected, because their numbering by ordinals is not so much used (and is sometimes confused). So it might be that Philip the Good gets back to where he once was (the WP:RM vote Arrigo once co-initiated over this name was flawed anyway - but it might be that if a new vote would be initiated now that the outcome would still be Philip III, Duke of Burgundy, and that would be OK for me).
 * So no, don't go looking for "reasons" why I propose this change, where such reasons are not to be found.
 * The reason is that the writing, the lay-out of the present guideline is more confusing to those who come here first and may (or may not) be acquainted with the "common names" principle. The message (or: the formulation) of the guideline adds complexity where it is not needed. --Francis Schonken 08:47, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry Francis, I still can't see a problem. Like I have said before, these are merely guidelines which can be overturned by consensus on an article talk page.  Redirects can solve any problem, and I can see the logic in, as you put it, disabling and then re-enabling the common names principle.  I don't think it's important to harmonise the standards so much as clarify their existing positions better if your concern is for first time readers. Hiding  talk 10:05, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

Wives of Royal Peers
I would like to try and rename most of the articles on the spouses of Royal Peers (ex. Sophie, Countess of Wessex; Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall; Brigitte, Duchess of Gloucester; Katharine, Duchess of Kent) this is because in case you have not realized with these articles located where they are it implies that they are Royal divorceès.(such as Sarah, Duchess of York or Diana, Princess of Wales) Which they arent. what I propose is to make a simple change and move these articles to [name], the [Duchess of..., Countess of..., Princess of....etc.], this is the more correct and accurate location for these articles. I would apreciate it if you could let me know your ideas, and maybe we could bring it to a vote. Thanks Mac Domhnaill

 * I support the idea of change. Saying Sophie, Countess of Wessex actually means Sophie, formerly Countess of Wessex, aka the Earl of Wessex's ex-wife. (That is where the Diana, Princess of Wales and Sarah, Duchess of York comes from.) That form was laid down as the form for royal ex-wives by the Queen in 1996 (I forget whether it was by Order-in-Council or some other means, but the form was agreed if I remember correctly just before Charles and Diana's divorce).

 * Royal husbands don't need the the: no-one is going to think that Charles, Prince of Wales means Charles, the ex-husband of the Prince of Wales! But our royal bride naming is factually wrong and confusing. After all, how can we explain that Diana, Princess of Wales means, Diana, the ex-wife of the Prince of Wales but Sophie, Countess of Wessex means Sophie, the current wife of the Earl of Wessex, especially when Diana was never called Diana, Princess of Wales during her marriage! This sort of thing breeds confusion when an encyclopædia should be bringing clarity. FearÉIREANN 02:32, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree. I started some of these articles, but not at their present titles. Deb 17:34, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree as well. It is extremely confusing the way it is now.  I would only change one thing with the proposal.  Would it be possible to make it [Name], [The Countess of ...].  As most of the British royals are styled as The Countess (Duchess or whatever), this would keep it consistent.  For the deceased consorts, we can use the lower case 'the' to show the differnce.  Any ideas??? Prsgoddess187 18:19, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

THIS IS AN ARCHIVE. PLEASE DO NOT POST HERE. GO TO Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (names and titles) INSTEAD.


text:
UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying

Qualifying for the UEFA Euro 2008 finals tournament took place between August 2006 and November 2007. Fifty teams were divided into seven groups. In a double round-robin system, each team played against each of the others in their group on a home-and-away basis. The winner and runner-up of each group qualified automatically for the final tournament. This was the first Euro qualification since expansion to have no playoff.

Austria and Switzerland qualified automatically as co-hosts of the event.

Seedings
UEFA used the 2005 UEFA national team coefficient to rank the teams according to their results in both UEFA Euro 2004 and 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification. Only the group matches counted towards the coefficients. As defending champions, Greece were automatically seeded in the top pool. Since Portugal hosted and automatically qualified for UEFA Euro 2004, the coefficient factored in only their 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification record. Similarly, Germany's coefficient factored only their UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying record, since they hosted and automatically qualified for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Meanwhile, Kazakhstan never competed in the European Championships previously, so the coefficient used only their World Cup record. Montenegro had not been admitted to UEFA/FIFA at the time the qualifying competition had started, and thus were ineligible.

The draw took place on 27 January 2006 in Montreux, Switzerland.

Austria (1,333) and Switzerland (1,833) were already assured of places at Euro 2008 as host nations.

Tiebreakers
If two or more teams were equal on points on completion of the group matches, the following criteria were applied to determine the rankings:
 * 1) Higher number of points obtained in the group matches played among the teams in question
 * 2) Superior goal difference from the group matches played among the teams in question
 * 3) Higher number of goals scored in the group matches played among the teams in question
 * 4) Higher number of goals scored away from home in the group matches played among the teams in question
 * If, after applying criteria 1) to 4) to several teams, two or more teams still had an equal ranking, the criteria 1) to 4) was reapplied to determine the ranking of these teams. If this procedure did not lead to a decision, criteria 6) and 7) applied;
 * 1) Results of all group matches: 1. Superior goal difference 2. Higher number of goals scored 3. Higher number of goals scored away from home 4. Fair play conduct
 * 2) Drawing of lots

Summary
{{legend|#BBF3BB|Group winners and runners-up qualified directly for UEFA Euro 2008}} {{legend||Other teams were eliminated}}

Groups
The qualifying process started in August 2006. Austria and Switzerland were automatically granted places in the tournament finals as the host nations.

The qualifying format had been changed from the previous tournament: the respective winners and runners-up from seven groups would automatically qualify for the finals, alongside the host nations. Therefore, there were no play-offs between the runners-up of the groups. Group A contained eight teams, while the other six groups each contained seven.

As the official successor of the previous football association, Serbia inherited the position originally allotted to Serbia and Montenegro in Group A prior to the dissolution of the state union. Montenegro were granted UEFA membership after qualifying had started and thus were not able to participate in this European Championship.

title: UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying


text:
Talk:Drunken Sailor

Variant Lyrics section, revisited
Please do not "prune" verses from the Lyrics section unless absolutely necessary (e.g., in the case of obvious vandalism). While it would be useful to note which verses have historically been sung on ships, many have been handed down without any primary sources being available. More importantly, most of the verses listed have been well-used by at least one contemporary performer or recreation organization, which is every bit as legitimate as the historical verses, and much easier to verify. For a song with literally thousands of verses, it is appropriate to provide an extensive selection (say, at least twenty-five or thirty items), including both historical and contemporary examples. Songs articles are the most useful when they can be used to research variations the reader may not be familiar with.

Yes, a few people are going to slip made-up verses in. Many of these will be promptly deleted. But it's better to let one or two fake ones slip by, than to delete dozens of legitimate ones. StoneRaven (talk) 06:39, 31 May 2008 (UTC)
 * There are not "thousands of verses." There is, on one hand, the verses that were documented to have been sung in tradition. I think you'll find this to have been remarkably few and consistent, if you see the historical documentation. Then there is, on the other hand, the principle that, in chanties, improvisation and creation, when needed, was appropriate. If that's the principle—and it seems to have been the approach adopted by revival singers in the modern era—then that means the possible number of verses is endless, and one is as good as another. The best approach, I think, is to include widely attested verses, and all the while to be specific about where/when they have been sung. Most of all, this is an encyclopedia, not a lyrics website. If the verses are notable and easy to verify, then verify them. Otherwise, as in all things Wikipedia, they are subject to removal. DrBaldhead (talk) 02:55, 25 December 2011 (UTC)

Variant Lyrics section
This seems to be turning into a free-for-all/anything goes section where people are putting in whatever lyrics they or their friends have made up or have vaguely heard elsewhere. I'll do some digging around for sources, but this section is due for at least a pruning Bwithh 00:30, 20 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I've now pruned the section to include only lyrics referencable from google books. Added an external link for claimed further variants Bwithh 00:57, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

I came here to find alternative lyrics... sad to see that the section has "been pruned" to only include those lyrics which have been published by google books rather than the wide variety of lyrics that people and "thier friends have vaguely heard elsewhere" since that is EXACTLY what I was looking for. Too bad creativity has been censored for lack of corporate support. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.127.237.179 (talk) 01:40, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

In the Chorus section should there not be a variant of 'Hoo, Way up she rises' or 'Hoo-Ray up she rises'? This is the version that I have always known. ---Rifleman jay (talk) 09:29, 19 April 2011 (UTC)

Random Walk
There is also a famous setting for a Random Walk, watching a drunken sailor as a markov process. Will he arrive savely aboard - or end up in the sea? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.78.2.200 (talk) 17:09, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

I too came here looking for the math problem, didn't know there was a song, would be interesting to see if there is any relation. The problem there is, given that the sailor chooses his road at random, will he reach a given location or not, and when? (Will have to go back to maths for now, may return to read more...)ntg (talk) 22:02, 25 February 2013 (UTC)

Origin: Óró sé do bheatha abhaile?
The tune to this song sounds nothing like any version of "Oro, Se do Bheatha Bhaile" that I've ever heard. Daver852 (talk) 16:29, 7 December 2008 (UTC)daver852

Here are the note sheets for both Óró sé do bheatha 'bhaile and What shall we do with the drunken sailor. As you can see from the notes the tune is the same, just in a different key, showing that the latter is more than likely derivative of the first. Stwff (talk) 17:15, 29 December 2012 (UTC)

 * Your link to the Óró sheet music doesn't work, but the tunes vary significantly enough that unless a more definite link is established, it's not really correct to link the two from melodic similarity alone. 198.147.175.203 (talk) 18:27, 3 April 2022 (UTC)

History
What does it mean that "Such songs were the only ones allowed in the Royal Navy"?--65.6.44.55 (talk) 12:23, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

I can't prove it but I think this song might go back to the 1700s. It's so overused in colonial naval movies. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 153.9.168.208 (talk) 21:57, 9 April 2012 (UTC)

Reference point #26 attributes the addition of "Put him in a bed with the Captain's Daughter" to be reference to a bawdy tale by Oscar Brand. That is in error. Right here on Wikipedia the Captain's Daughter is referred to as the Cat O'nine Tails Glossary_of_nautical_terms and Cat o' nine tails under the history tab. And the kiss of the Captain's Daughter was one every sailor did not want to experience. JohnStJohn61 (talk) 01:02, 31 August 2014 (UTC)
 * That Glossary of nautical terms is a joke - substandard Wiki trivia stuff. It’s unreferenced. Do you have evidence that the “captain’s daughter” verse, nowadays sung by landlubber Folk performers, was traditional to the “Drunken Sailor” shanty? If so, present it. But remember: it would have to be ‘’before'' Oscar Brand’s recording. DrBaldhead (talk) 09:07, 1 September 2014 (UTC)

"Make him kiss the gardeners daughter"
Shouldn't that be "kiss the gunner's daughter"? Fvasconcellos (t·c) 02:29, 14 July 2009 (UTC)

What is that? I know the verse "Lock him in the bed with the Captain's daughter" means whipping with a Cat o'9 tails multi whip/flog. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.33.18.10 (talk) 13:15, 13 August 2013 (UTC)

"Notable" Recordings and "Parodies"
These sections need some revision badly. However, before that's done, contributors (especially anonymous ones) should be aware of what is suitable for inclusion. As always on WP, if it's not suitable, it may be removed. Here is the place to discuss it if that happens. First, I don't see much difference between the section on Recordings and the section on "Variations and Parodies." One is a subset of the other, basically, and in any case I don't see what is encyclopedic about a list of parodies of a song. Second, both sections have just been laundry lists. "Oh yeah and there's also X...And there's also Y...and there is also Z, my favorite TV show/band." Practically none of it is notable. It doesn't matter that the band or TV show has been itself established as "notable" by having its own WP page. If that band or show or video game used "Drunken Sailor," and it is notable for them/it, note it on their/its page, w/ wikilink to Drunken Sailor article. But if someone is coming to an encyclopedia to learn about the song "Drunken Sailor," they just do not care to know every single piece of the billion pieces of media that have used it. It is not rare in media. Notable instances are the very earliest recordings or recordings that created a paradigm shift in the way the song was sung, or recordings that introduced it to a new wide audience who previously did not know it....or something else that is used as the ONE or TWO examples of a point that is being made. If it was recorded by So and So in the 1920s, say, after previously only being an oral song among sailors, that is notable. If it's recorded by a Rock band in the 2000s after 100000000 people have recorded it, that is probably not notable. Hence almost all of these trivia links are exchangeable with each other. DrBaldhead (talk) 22:10, 11 January 2012 (UTC)

Should this be mentioned?
So, the new E3 trailer for Dishonored came out and the song was sung (with different lyrics) in it. Should this be mentioned in any way? Here is a link to the video for reference. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-XbQgdSlsd0&feature=player_embedded#! Yenrx (talk) 18:18, 1 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't think so. Rob (talk) 18:27, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

Should the song "Drunken Whaler" be mentioned here? The song that accompanied the trailer for Dishonored. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ar5vbD8IDFI --Packinheat2u (talk) 13:13, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Nope Rob (talk) 15:53, 30 December 2012 (UTC)

Are you sure? many wikipedia pages have a section "in popular culture" where they mention if the elemnt of that wikipedia appears in other media of popular culture (as in this case, a videogame). Personally I think I would make sense to mention this "drunken whaler" version. 190.172.107.198 (talk) 00:37, 21 July 2015 (UTC)Annonymus person

It was interesting to note the women's 'naughty' song information by Dr. Anne Coren. It is possible that women - whose husbands may have been at sea - would be singing this as a 'work' song and would be inventing their own 'naughty' verses, perhaps, even 'coded' for their own understanding. It is, also, possibly, a 'capstan' song, sung by sailors when walking around the capstan and, in this instance, it may refer to the anchor being raised. Someone mentions raising sails, but that would be done to a slower, 'hauling' song ('Yo heave-o', for example) when they would all haul together on the accented words/notes. My grandfather was a sailor - a 'donkeyman' on sailing ships. A 'donkeyman' looked after the 'donkey' engines which were used to raise the sails before they started to use steam to propel the ship. (he told me that sails could weigh three tons, dry-weight, of canvas; add the spars and ropes and that was a lot of weight to shift. Put some water and wind into the mix and you'll understand why 'hauling' songs were slower.) I seem to remember my grandfather telling me the 'captain's daughter' was the cat-o-nine-tails, thus, a flogging - drunkenness was, often, punished in this way. As for the words, songs may be sung quite differently by each different group. My grandfather sang funny words to 'The Sailor's Hornpipe' music (it has no 'official' words) some were 'naughty', but they, always, ended with: 'and we'll have another drink before the ship sails, boys'. The Royal and Merchant fleets, apparently, had different songs and merchant sailors did not dance whereas, I understand, Royal Navy sailors did (something to do with keeping fit, I believe). I hope I have added something useful to the discussion but, as the people who were there at the time have, now, all passed away, we have only conjecture about a lot of what happened and what they sang. I'm sure there will be some sources, but where? and will those sources be accurate? It's a pity people didn't record the mundane. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Whassname (talk • contribs) 22:31, 19 November 2018 (UTC)

Dating of Óró sé do bheatha abhaile
That the reference to "Bonnie Prince Charlie, ...would date the song to the third Jacobite rising of 1745–6" is dubious as many Jacobite songs were written considerably later than the events portrayed. Mutt Lunker (talk) 11:42, 18 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Drunken Sailor


text:
Talk:Nagesh Kukunoor

DYK blurb

 * ...that Nagesh Kukunoor made Hyderabad Blues, the most successful independent film from India in just 17 days? --Gurubrahma 11:20, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * ...the above was featured on Did You Know? on the Main Page on 11 October, 2005? --Gurubrahma 12:12, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 18:52, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Unsourced, moved from article to talk page

 * Early career

After graduate school, Nagesh worked as an environmental consultant at Trinity Consultants in Dallas, Texas, and then Atlanta, Georgia. He also attended workshops in film and television. He studied acting at the Warehouse Actor's Theatre in Atlanta, and in 1994 co-produced and directed a short film, "One Culture at a Time". He briefly returned to India to pursue a career in film making, but realized that he was short of money. He returned to the U.S to work as a consultant and build his fortune. In 1998, he returned to India to pursue his dream of filmmaking.

It was featured in ten international film festivals, it ran for more than six months in theatres in Hyderabad, Mumbai and Bangalore.
 * Movie career

After the success of his first movie, he went on to work with well-known actors and experimented in several genres. Rockford is a coming-of-the-age movie set in a boarding school, and co-stars Nandita Das.

Bollywood Calling is a satirical look at the Bollywood industry through the eyes of a failed Hollywood actor. It stars Om Puri, Navin Nischol, and Perizaad Zorabian. Kukunoor wrote, directed, and starred in the movie.

He made a sequel to Hyderabad Blues but it was not successful. While waiting to see the fate of his two earlier films, he wrote the script going back to where he was when he made Hyderabad Blues.
 * Later movies

Unlike in his earlier movies, he did not star in his 2005 movie Iqbal. Iqbal looks at the story of a deaf and mute cricketer hailing from a poor family of Indian Muslims who wants to make the Indian cricket team. The film won critical acclaim and several awards. The story, written by Vipul K Rawal, was well received.

Dor, released in 2006, received positive reviews in India. Inspired by the Malayalam film Perumazhakkalam, it is a tale of two women from two different worlds.

In 2008, Kukunoor made Bombay To Bangkok with Shreyas Talpade. His cast members from Iqbal, Shreyas Talpade and Yatin Karyekar, also appeared.

Kukunoor was an extended guest judge on the television show K for Kishore in 2007.
 * Television

 * Awards
 * Audience Award for best film at the Peachtree International Film Festival in Atlanta, Georgia, for the film Hyderabad Blues
 * Audience Award for best film at the Rhode Island International Film Festival for the film Hyderabad Blues.
 * Teacher's Achievement Award for Creative and Performing Arts in 2002.
 * Best Story award at the 2003 Filmfare awards for the film Teen Deewarein.

Unsourced, moved from article to talk page. Per WP:BURDEN, do not add back unless properly sourced. From report at WP:BLPN. -- Cirt (talk) 15:58, 14 November 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Nagesh Kukunoor


text:
File:PrinceFarI-LongLife.jpg

Summary
Cover of the Prince Far I album Long Life.

Licensing
Source

title: File:PrinceFarI-LongLife.jpg


text:
User talk:Thierrynka

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title: User talk:Thierrynka


text:
User talk:Coff~enwiki

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title: User talk:Coff~enwiki


text:
Ludwig Müller

Johan Heinrich Ludwig Müller (23 June 1883 – 31 July 1945) was a German theologian, a Lutheran pastor, and leading member of the pro-Nazi "German Christians" (Deutsche Christen) faith movement. In 1933 he was appointed by the Nazi Party as Reichsbischof ("Bishop for the Reich") of the German Evangelical Church (Deutsche Evangelische Kirche).

Life
Müller was born in Gütersloh, in the Prussian province of Westphalia, where he attended the Pietist Evangelical Gymnasium. He went on to study Protestant theology at the universities of Halle and Bonn. Having finished his studies, he worked as a school inspector in his hometown, from 1905 also as a vicar and assistant preacher in Herford and Wanne. In 1908 he became parish priest in Rödinghausen. At the outbreak of World War I, he served as a Navy chaplain in Wilhelmshaven.

After the war, Müller joined Der Stahlhelm paramilitary organization and continued his career as a military chaplain, from 1926 at the Königsberg garrison. He had been associated with Nazism since the 1920s, supporting a revisionist view of "Christ the Aryan" (or a "heroic Jesus") as well as a plan of purifying Christianity of what he deemed "Jewish corruption," including purging large parts of the Old Testament.

Müller had little real political experience and, as his actions would demonstrate to Adolf Hitler, little if any political aptitude. In the 1920s and early 1930s, before Hitler's assumption of the German chancellorship on 30 January 1933, he was a little-known pastor and a regional leader of the German Christians in East Prussia. However, he was an "old fighter" with Hitler (Alter Kämpfer) since 1931, when he joined the Nazi Party, and had a burning desire to assume more power. In 1932, Müller introduced Hitler to Reichswehr General Werner von Blomberg when Müller was chaplain of the East Prussian Military District and Blomberg was the district's commander. As part of the Gleichschaltung process, the Nazi regime's plan was to "coordinate" all 28 separate Protestant regional church bodies into a single and unitary Reichskirche ("Church of the Reich"). Müller wanted to serve as Reichsbischof of this newly formed entity. His first attempt to achieve his post ended in a miserable and embarrassing failure, when the German Evangelical Church Confederation and the Prussian Union of churches designated Friedrich von Bodelschwingh on 27 May 1933. Eventually, however, after the Nazis had forced Bodelschwingh's resignation, Müller was appointed regional bishop (Landesbischof) of the Prussian Union on 4 August, and on 27 September finally was elected Reichsbischof by a national synod through political machinations. On 13 September 1933, Prussian Minister President Hermann Göring appointed him to the Prussian State Council.

Müller's advancement angered many Protestant pastors and congregations, who deemed his selection to be politically motivated and intrinsically anti-Christian. Still regional bishop, he handed over more powers to the Reichsbischof—himself—as an example of imitation, to the discontent of other regional bishops like Theophil Wurm (Württemberg). On the other hand, Müller's support by the "German Christians" within the Protestant Church decreased, as he was not able to wield explicit authority. The radical Nazi faction wanted to get rid of the Old Testament and create a German National Religion divorced from Jewish-influenced ideas. They supported the introduction of the Aryan Paragraph into the Church. This controversy led to schism and the foundation of the competing Confessing Church, a situation that frustrated Hitler and led to the end of Müller's power.

Many of the German Protestant clergy supported the Confessing Church movement, which resisted the imposition of the state into Church affairs. With Hitler's interest in the group having waned by 1937, and the party taking a more aggressive attitude toward the resistant Christian clergy, Müller tried to revive his support by allowing the Gestapo to monitor churches and consolidating Christian youth groups with the Hitler Youth.

He remained committed to Nazism to the end. He committed suicide in Berlin in 1945, soon after the Nazi defeat.

title: Ludwig Müller


text:
User:Boris Barowski

General Information

 * Languages:  Dutch, English, French
 * Wikipedia Specialty:  Firearms, Military, Reverting Vandalism
 * Other wikis:  nl, commons
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title: User:Boris Barowski


text:
TBI plc

TBI Limited was an airport owner and operator, incorporated in the United Kingdom in 1972. It was a subsidiary of Airport Concessions and Development Limited (ACDL), owned by Spanish companies Abertis Infraestructuras S.A. (90%) and AENA Desarrollo Internacional S.A. (10%).

History
The company was founded as a property broker named Markheath plc. It was bought out by Thomas Bailey Investments plc. The company changed its name to TBI plc in March, 1994 and to TBI Limited in 2009. From 1994 to 2004 Keith Brooks held the position of Chief Executive Officer. At which point the company was sold but Brooks stayed on as Non-executive director.

TBI bought Cardiff Airport in 1995, and sold it to the Welsh Government in 2013.

In 2004 the company was acquired by Airport Concessions and Development Limited (ACDL), owned by Spanish companies Abertis Infraestructuras S.A. (90%) and AENA Desarrollo Internacional S.A. (10%).

In 2013, the Bolivian government led by Evo Morales nationalized the airports in Bolivia for which the company owned concessions through its subsidiary Sabsa (the three biggest airports in the country: El Alto International Airport, Jorge Wilstermann International Airport and Viru Viru International Airport).

Sweden

 * Stockholm-Skavsta Airport

United Kingdom

 * Belfast International Airport
 * London Luton Airport

United States

 * Orlando Sanford International Airport

Additionally, TBI provides airport management services at Atlanta and Macon, Georgia and Burbank, California in the US.

title: TBI plc


text:
1833 in art

Events from the year 1833 in art.

Events

 * January – Honoré Daumier is released from prison after serving a 6-month term for caricaturing King Louis-Philippe of France as Gargantua in La Caricature.

Works

 * Karl Bryullov – The Last Day of Pompeii
 * Thomas Cole
 * Scene from "Manfred"
 * The Titan's Goblet
 * Hippolyte Delaroche – The Execution of Lady Jane Grey
 * William Etty – Britomart Redeems Faire Amoret
 * Caspar David Friedrich – Easter Morning
 * Hiroshige – The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō (publication begins)
 * Orest Kiprensky – Portrait of Bertel Thorvaldsen
 * François Rude – Young Neapolitan Fisherboy Playing with a Tortoise (sculpture)
 * Sir Martin Archer Shee – William IV
 * Matthew Cotes Wyatt – Bashaw, The Faithful Friend of Man Trampling under Foot his most Insidious Enemy (coloured marble)

Births

 * April 17 – George Vicat Cole, English painter (died 1893)
 * May 3 – Philip Hermogenes Calderon, French-born painter (died 1898)
 * May 22 – Félix Bracquemond, French painter and etcher (died 1914)
 * August 22 – Odoardo Borrani, Italian painter associated with the Macchiaioli (died 1905)
 * August 28 – Edward Burne-Jones, English pre-Raphaelite painter and designer (died 1898)
 * November 12 – George Paul Chalmers, Scottish painter (killed 1878)
 * Rosalie Sjöman, Swedish photographer (died 1919)

Deaths

 * January 30 – Augustin Dupré, French engraver of French currency and medals (born 1748)
 * April 3 (March 22 O.S.) – Stepan Pimenov, Russian sculptor (born 1784)
 * April 7 – Jacques Réattu, French painter and winner of the grand prix de Rome (born 1760)
 * April 8 – Raffaello Sanzio Morghen, Italian engraver (born 1758)
 * May – Philippe Auguste Hennequin, French painter (born 1763)
 * June 28 – Gustaf Wilhelm Finnberg, Finnish painter (born 1784)
 * July 5 – Nicéphore Niépce, French inventor who created some of the earliest photographs (born 1765)
 * July 6 – Pierre-Narcisse Guérin, French painter (born 1774)
 * July 11 – Paul Joseph Gabriël, Dutch painter and sculptor (born 1784)
 * October 11 – Ernst Fries, German painter (born 1801)
 * November 27 – Philip Reinagle, English animal, landscape and botanical painter (born 1749)
 * December 3 – Adam Buck, Irish-born neo-classical portraitist and miniature painter (born 1759)
 * date unknown – Antoine Jean-Baptiste Thomas, French painter and lithographer (born 1791)

title: 1833 in art


text:
User:GIJoel

I am Joel Sherman. I am mentioned in or contributed in small part or editing to several articles relating to Scrabble Brand Crossword Game.

title: User:GIJoel


text:
User:Video99

Something is addictive about Wiki. Just can't help myself....

The rest of the time I also scribble away at my own pages at www.colin99.co.uk which cover various useless subjects, and I've uploaded some of my pictures to wiki to share with the world.

I try really hard to keep edits level-headed, unbiased and fair. No-one needs opinionated waffle!

Cheers,

Colin

title: User:Video99


text:
The Wrong Road (disambiguation)

The Wrong Road is a 1937 American film directed by James Cruze.

The Wrong Road or Wrong Road may also refer to:

 * "The Wrong Road", a song by The Go-Betweens from the 1986 album Liberty Belle and the Black Diamond Express
 * "The Wrong Road", a song by The Radiators from the 2001 album The Radiators
 * "The Wrong Road", a song by Medium 21 from the 2003 album Killings From the Dial
 * "Wrong Road", an episode of Thomas & Friends (series 2)
 * "Wrong Roads", an episode of the TV series Justified

title: The Wrong Road (disambiguation)


text:
Springbok (disambiguation)

A springbok is an antelope native to southern and western Africa.

Springbok may also refer to:
 * The South Africa national rugby union team, known as the Springboks
 * Springbok colours, formerly awarded to South African sportsmen and women representing the country in international competitions
 * Springbok, Northern Cape, a town in South Africa
 * Springbok, Mpumalanga, a populated place in South Africa
 * Springbok, the callsign of South African Airways
 * The South Africa national cricket team used to be known as the Springboks, but are now referred to as the Proteas
 * Springbok (horse), for the American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the 1873 Belmont Stakes
 * Springbok (greyhounds), a leading novice hurdle competition in the greyhound racing calendar
 * Springbok Radio, a former South African radio station
 * Gladiators: Springbok Challenge, a series of specials for the Gladiators television sport franchise
 * Springbokkie, is a cocktail shooter that is popular in South Africa
 * Springbok Nude Girls, is a rock band from Cape Town, South Africa
 * Springbok, a LNER Thompson Class B1 locomotive.
 * Springbok, a brand of jigsaw puzzles formerly owned by Hallmark Cards and (since 2001) by Allied Materials.

title: Springbok (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Springbok (disambiguation)

Alcoholic Drink
I'm removing the content about the alcoholic drink. This information doesn't seem important enough, especially if it doesn't even have its own article. JHMM13 (T | C) 00:00, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

One more "Springbok" meaning
I think that Springbok is a brand of jigsaw puzzle. One puzzle that I saw was round. Will (Talk - contribs) 00:16, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Springbok (antelope) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RM bot 10:15, 21 July 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Springbok (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Limbu people

Untitled
In the article on Limbus, "adultery" was said to be a Limbu form of marriage. While adultery can certainly result in a Limbu man and woman being forced to become "man and wife", this certainly was never an acceptable form of marriage. It is safe to assert that adultery is prevalent everywhere but is not an acceptable form of marriage anywhere. Adulterous Limbu couples would be ostracized by Limbu society and, in many cases, forced to migrate from their villages to neighbouring India. Therefore, I edited the "adultery" bit.

Kanden 11:29, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

The ethnographic map posted here is debatable. I have seen this map before and it does not seem to represent the ethnic diversity accurately. Perhaps it will be better to replace it with Dr. Harka Gurung's ethnographic map. He was an authority in this subject.

--Niraj subba 02:45, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Limbus are indigenous ethnic group,and not of Tibetan ethnicity.Therefore,necessary amendment carried out.Ewaichha.30 March 2008 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Pewaichha (talk • contribs) 21:39, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

 * It is true 2400:9700:113:1EA4:FDCA:4F07:40E7:D7D0 (talk) 10:53, 17 October 2023 (UTC)
 * There is not much point in replying to a 15 year old post, especially as your statement is unclear and unsourced - Arjayay (talk) 11:21, 17 October 2023 (UTC)

Copyedit
I've added a copyedit tag - from the looks of the article history, I'm guessing that many of you contributors have English as a second language? so there are a few problems with the grammar and syntax, and a few peculiar phrasings.

I'm happy to have a crack at copy editing over the next few days - if I misinterpret anything, do please revert it and leave a note for me here, explaining how I've misunderstood, as it's easy to do if I'm not familiar with the subject.Elen of the Roads (talk) 10:42, 2 July 2009 (UTC)

Hows that not right info
They were brave and doughty warriors and very deft archers. . Kirat= Limbu and Rai. n i got this info this website. can u rewrite it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.110.210.207 (talk) 15:49, 4 July 2009 (UTC)

 * No, that is not a reliable source according to our policy at WP:RS - it's a membership ethnic organisation, you really need an academic source. I note that the text you are trying to add is like text added by a now blocked editor. Dougweller (talk) 18:25, 4 July 2009 (UTC)
 * You can't just take a sentence out of that website and stick it into a paragraph of existing text. The most you could do is say "one kirat organisation has described the kirats as "...brave and doughty warriors and very deft archers."  Which doesn't really help much.  Particularly as the website is talking about the Rai rather than the Limbu.  If you want to say that historically the Limbu were warriors and were noted for their skill with the bow, find a reliable source that says that.--Elen of the Roads (talk) 19:09, 4 July 2009 (UTC)

Copyedit
I did my best with what I saw. A lot of the material was vague, confusing, and unclear. Something was probably lost in the translation to this wikipedia page. This article probably needs more work, citations to verifiable sources, and then after the content is verified and firmed up a bit, perhaps another copyedit. Aaron north  (T/C) 07:21, 23 October 2010 (UTC)

Yuvraj Kirati Limbu
Born Dec-06-1991 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 106.51.8.118 (talk) 13:47, 29 July 2016 (UTC)

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Limbu birth ceremony
Okay 182.50.66.165 (talk) 08:07, 22 September 2022 (UTC)

Kirat
Limbu culture same like turic culture, how possible they are indigenious people ? Writer is trying to make fake statement. Where is any oldest script ? 188.236.234.253 (talk) 21:31, 23 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Limbu people


text:
Talk:Blazer

Cleaning up
Does it need further cleaning up? (RJP 11:30, 9 October 2005 (UTC))

Eh?

 * This is not really the case: In schools this is likely to vary according to the student's standing in the school; whether a member of the junior or senior school, being a prefect or having been awarded colours. I'll change it unless anyone objects.
 * Ahkayah cuarenta y siete 17:21, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Practice will vary but I must admit, my knowledge of schools comes from some time ago. :-) (RJP 18:22, 4 November 2005 (UTC))

Doesn't seem necessarily likely. Most of the schools in my area (Hampshire, UK) seemed to take the easier route of using different coloured/patterned ties for that kind of distinction rather than any markings on the blazer. (Wight1984 13:18, 22 June 2007 (GMT))

In my school (Queensferry High) only the senior students wear blazers and the prefects have little coloured trimmings sown on to the lapels. 88.104.254.106 (talk) 20:09, 5 November 2013 (UTC)

Blazer, New Article

 * I would like to create a new article on a soca artiste named Blazer from Trinidad and Tobago. How do I create that new page? Thank You. --Ryorye 21:11, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Try to read the article with the title you want, either by following a red link for example Blazer (soca artiste) or by typing the string you want as title into the search bar. You can also type the following into the address bar of your browser, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blazer_%28soca_artiste%29&action=edit, although that requires keeping track of the ASCII codes for non-alphanumeric characters if you want to use any.
 * Help:Starting a new page - Hakluyt bean 20:01, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

Picture
I think we need a picture for this one, so if someone could find an appropriate and allowed one, please put it up. --76.172.213.126 03:28, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

I think there should be a couple of group shots of types of blazers to show variety. I'll find some. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 119.56.118.62 (talk) 01:01, 26 November 2013 (UTC)

Types of blazers...
Some talking points regarding blazers, for the consideration of Wiki readers:

1. Paul Keers, in his book A Gentleman's Wardrobe (1987 -- U.S. edition), has a section discussing blazers of different types. He refers to double-breasted blazers with gold buttons as "naval blazers". He also mentions that "naval blazers" have flap pockets, while "sporting or school blazers" have patch pockets (essentially a reference to single-breasted blazers). The highly colourful blazers in solids and stripes, from which the word is most likely to have originated, and generally restricted to college yachting and rowing clubs, he refers to as "coloured and striped summer blazers".

2. Allan Warren, a society photographer in the U.K., quotes in his book Dukes, Queens And Other Stories (1999) a statement made by Stephen Barry, formerly Prince Charles's valet, at a party in which Barry defines blazers as colourful striped odd jackets and plain odd jackets (with gold buttons) are "polo jackets".

3. At various times, both Prince Charles and his father, Prince Philip, have been photographed at polo grounds wearing double-breasted blazers with 8 gold buttons. At first glance, these jackets bear a high resemblance to Royal Navy officer's coats, although the polo connection is supportive, in part, of Stephen Barry's definition of "polo jackets" (see my point #2 above).

Overall, I am proposing to add the bits noted above to the main Wiki article, with references. Although most readers may not be interested in the more esoterica aspects of this topic, I think it is reasonable to hope that a subdivision of the definition of "blazer" could eventually be arrived at to accomodate the distinct variations in types of blazers which can be observed.

Tony Ventresca 23:34, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

For what its worth, I think this would be a good addition, and Blazers should be seperate, though linked to Sport Jackets. 216.165.126.103 03:16, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

I think that Sports Coat and Blazer should be two separate articles, although linked as is; someone with more Wikexperience should take off the headers from the pages suggesting they be merged. They are not the same thing at all. 24.215.238.186 01:21, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

Regarding (1)

(A). The school blazer he is describing is nothing other than cheap manufacturing. Stick on pockets etc are just an indication of cheap.

(B) I am ex Royal Navy and wear a blazer occasionally. We never referred to our blazers by double or single breasted as Navy blazer or Civilian blazer (which would be the natural construct). I imagine naval blazer was an invention used in a book that has not caught on or never existed. Either way, it is not used. Double breasted is just a slightly more formal version of a jacket than single breasted..

2 & 3 Also, 3 above does not support 2. 2 is a story, 3 is some people wearing jackets. You might as well say (2) it always rains on Christmas Day (3) here is a picture of it raining on the 25th Dec ergo it always rains on Christmas Day — Preceding unsigned comment added by 119.56.114.138 (talk) 00:57, 26 November 2013 (UTC)

Dates?
When were they introduced? Johnbod 13:06, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

The OED has the first mention of "Blazer" in 1880, which makes the whole "HMS Blazer" story highly doubtful. 35 years without any written record? In the Royal Navy, obsessed with reports and logbooks? Can we just throw that whole part out? Cato82 (talk) 18:58, 16 February 2016 (UTC)

The first two paragraphs of History are contradictory. S C Cheese (talk) 20:15, 24 January 2022 (UTC)

Oxbridge boat clubs?

 * This style is also worn by some boat clubs, such as those in Cambridge or Oxford, with the piped version only on special occasions such as a boat club dinner.

This sentence seems somwhat out of place, and is also factually incorrect: blazers are common across most (if not all) English clubs (less so in Scotland, Wales unknown, almost inexistant outside of the British Isles). Piping is simply part of the design of a clubs blazer, i.e. one will not wear a piped version of a blazer just for a boat club dinner. Some clubs will have a different style of piping for certain crews, and some will have two different blazer colours depending on the season. 128.232.128.144 (talk) 18:44, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

Correct, I've never heard of two blazers for one club. There's the club blazer and that is it.

Also the article makes constant teference to Oxford and Cambridge when, to the best of my knowledge, there are 100's of rowing clubs all over the world. Thames, kingston, hong kong, washington, Munich etc... I assume most have their own blazer - even the Europeans. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 119.56.115.221 (talk) 00:44, 26 November 2013 (UTC)

More on types of blazers...
Some UK schools and some websites refer to "Ziggy blazers". I'm not sure what this means in terms of style or cut, but if someone knows, they could add this information to the article. (The only context that I know this word in is Ziggy Stardust.) Spel-Punc-Gram (talk) 19:09, 21 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Blazer


text:
Talk:Frederiksberg Municipality

Political and social issues
It might be relevant to mention that while the Conservative party traditionally has majority in Frederiksberg, the surrounding Copenhagen has traditionally Social Democratic and left wing majority. There is considerable difference in the populations' income, social status and so on.Apus 11:57, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

1620 ??
"This meant that the peasants were unable to pay taxes, and the land reverted back to the crown by Frederik III's son Christian IV in 1620." This statement seems wrong as the settlement was not started until 1651. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Theser (talk • contribs) 08:22, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Frederiksberg Municipality


text:
Experimental Theatre Club

The Experimental Theatre Club (ETC) is a student dramatic society at the University of Oxford, England. It was founded in 1936 by Nevill Coghill as an alternative company to the Oxford University Dramatic Society (OUDS), and produces several productions a year.

The club has staged the first productions of many new works, including Epitaph for George Dillon, written by John Osborne in 1957 and directed by Don Taylor.

Etceteras
ETC was home to Oxford's student revue company, the Etceteras – by the early 1970s a rather poor relation of the Cambridge Footlights. Then, in 1975, two figures who would together become major players in TV and film comedy met after answering an advert to join the Etceteras revue-writing team. They were Richard Curtis and Rowan Atkinson – a graduate engineering student who made his memorable Oxford debut in a Leapyear Revue at the Oxford Playhouse on 29 February 1976, directed by Etceteras president, Robert Orchard. Curtis had already taken his own first bow in another show by the same director, "Allswellthatendsrock!". From 1977 to 1981, Paul Twivy and Ian Hislop then took over the Etceteras, producing several shows at the Edinburgh Festival and Oxford Playhouse.

ETC funded the Etceteras' first major revue in years, "After Eights" at the Oxford Playhouse in May 1976, featuring Atkinson, Curtis, Robin Seavill and others, with material written by the cast, director Andrew Rissik, John Albery, Orchard, Iain Moss and other contributors.

(Note: The Etceteras' brief as part of ETC was to stage regular revues in Oxford, while the show performed at the annual Edinburgh Festival Fringe as the Oxford Revue was produced and funded by the separate Oxford Theatre Group (OTG), which also took several plays to the Fringe. Today's thriving Oxford Revue company combines both roles.)

Alumni
People who have contributed to ETC productions include:

 * John Albery
 * Rowan Atkinson
 * Lindsay Anderson
 * Alan Bennett
 * Richard Curtis
 * Michael Flanders
 * Piers Fletcher
 * Philip Franks
 * Howard Goodall
 * Tom Hooper
 * Ian Hislop
 * Terry Jones
 * Ken Loach (President)
 * David Marks
 * John McGrath (playwright)
 * Dudley Moore
 * Robert Orchard
 * Michael Palin
 * Diana Quick
 * Tony Richardson
 * Andrew Rissik
 * John Schlesinger (President)
 * Don Taylor
 * Noel Kershaw
 * Herbert Chappell
 * Jeremy Treglown
 * Kenneth Tynan (President)
 * Samuel West (President)
 * Sandy Wilson
 * David Wood

Visiting directors include Peter Hall and Terry Hands.

title: Experimental Theatre Club


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Capitol Cinema (Mumbai)

Capitol Cinema is one of the Mumbai's oldest theatres. Located just opposite Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, it was built by Kunvarji Paghtivala. It is a Heritage grade II Victorian structure constructed in 1879. Originally a theatre for performing arts known as Tivoli it got its present name in 1928 when it was converted to a Movie theatre. Prior to its renaming to Capitol, it was known as Gaiety Theatre.

title: Capitol Cinema (Mumbai)


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Giulianova Calcio

Giulianova Calcio is an Italian association football club based in Giulianova, Abruzzo. The team failed to renew its license for professional football in 2012. After 4 years' dormancy, the new owner of the club applied to play in 2016–17 5-a-side football, composed of players from folded Città di Giulianova.

After 2012, few phoenix clubs emerged: A.S.D. Città di Giulianova 1924, A.S.D. Calcio Giulianova, A.S.D. Piccoli Giallorossi and A.S.D. Real Giulianova. Some teams had been temporarily granted the rights to use the logo of Giulianova Calcio, by A.S.D. Giuliesi per Sempre, the owner of the logo which was purchased from the bankruptcy auctions.

History
The first town team, blue Giuliese, was founded in 1924 without particular honours.

The yellow-red colors were adopted in 1936 and played for most of its history in national Italian championships, especially in Serie C.

On 30 June 2012 Giulianova did not submit the application to 2012–13 Lega Pro Seconda Divisione due to financial reason. The membership of Giulianova Calcio S.r.l. in FIGC was revoked in 2013.

On 19 July 2012 former chairman of the club, Dario D'Agostino, was suspended for 8 months, as well as 2 points deduction in 2012–13 season to the official phoenix club of Giulianova (if any). Another director, Antonio Serena, was also suspended for around 100 days due to administration irregularities on 9 February 2012.

Legacy
The assets of Giulianova Calcio, including the logo, and trophies, were acquired by A.S.D. Giuliesi per Sempre aka A.S.D. Giulianova Calcio, which grants other teams to use the logo temporary.

However, as Città di Giulianova did not renew the loan of the logo in 2015, as well as other youth teams had rely on the agreement with Città di Giulianova, the non-renewal of loan, making all team cannot use the club logo.

A.S.D. Città di Giulianova 1924, was the highest ranking team from Giulianova in the national league, which was relocated from Cologna Paese frazione, Roseto degli Abruzzi, in the Province of Teramo. The team relegated from 2015–16 Serie D (fourth tier). The team folded in 2016.

Another team, A.S.D. Calcio Giulianova, was a merger of "Scuola Calcio Giulianova", a youth academy and "Colleranesco", a team in local amateur football located in the frazione of the same name. The team relegated from 2015 to 2016 Promozione Abruzzo (sixth tier). The team withdrew from senior football in 2016.

The third team, A.S.D. Piccoli Giallorossi, was another youth academy.

In 2016 A.S.D. Real Giulianova became another illegitimate phoenix clubs after Città di Giulianova was folded. Real Giulianova was a team in 2016–17 Promozione Abruzzo. The club was relocated from Castellalto, in the Province of Teramo. The club won promotion to Eccellenza in 2017.

A.S.D. Giulianova Calcio also return to football league by entering local 5-a-side football, by hiring players of former Città di Giulianova.

A.S.D. Giulianova Annunziata was another team from Giulianova which was participated in 2016–17 Prima Categoria.

In 2023 a new company acquires the logo and qualification of Giulianova Calcio from the Giuliesi per sempre association definitively and returns to the name of A.S.D. Giulianova Calcio 1924.

Notable players

 * Italian internationals:
 * Gennaro Delvecchio

Colors and badge
Its colours are yellow and red.

Stadium
It plays its home matches at Stadio Rubens Fadini.

title: Giulianova Calcio


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Colony class

Colony class may refer to:

 * Colony-class frigate, 21 frigates of the US Tacoma-class frigate loaned to the Royal Navy in World War II and given names of minor British colonies
 * Crown Colony-class cruiser, 11 light cruisers of the Royal Navy launched in the 1930s given the names of major colonies of the UK and generally known as the Fiji class.

title: Colony class