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Mohammad al-Shirazi

Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad al-Husayni al-Shirazi (محمد الحسيني الشيرازي; ; August 31, 1928 – December 17, 2001), commonly known as Imam Shirazi, was an Iranian-Iraqi Shia marja' and political activist.

Early life and education
al-Shirazi was born to Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi and Halima al-Shirazi. Both of his parents are from the distinguished clerical al-Shirazi family that emigrated from Shiraz to Karbala in the 19th century. He is the first of ten children. All of his brothers are clerics, and Sadiq al-Shirazi is a marja'. His mother is the great-granddaughter of Mirza Shirazi, the pioneer of the Tobacco Movement. His nephew, Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi is also a marja'.

Education
He grew up and studied briefly in Najaf, and moved to Karbala with his father in 1937. He remained in Karbala studying in its seminary under his father, as well as prominent scholars like Sayyid Hossein Tabatabaei Qomi, Sayyid Muhammad-Hadi al-Milani, Sheikh Muhammad-Ridha al-Isfahani, Sayyid Zain al-Abiden al-Kashani and Sheikh Jafar al-Rashti. He was granted an ijaza by grand Ayatollah's Sayyid Muhsin al-Hakim; Sayyid Abd al-Hadi al-Shirazi; Sayyid Ahmed al-Khawansari to lead the seminary of Karbala after the death of his father, in 1961. al-Milani also announced al-Shirazi's capability to numerous notable figures, including Agha Bozorg al-Tehrani who mentions this in his Tabaqat al-A'lam.

Base in Kuwait
In 1971, he was exiled to Lebanon by the Baathist regime. From Lebanon, al-Shirazi travelled to Kuwait, where he settled for nine years. After his nephews joined, al-Shirazi turned Kuwait into the base of Shiite scholarship.

At the time Al-Shirazi came into conflict with other prominent Shia religious figures in Najaf. The most prominent Shia religious leader of the time, Grand Ayatollah Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei, sought to dismiss Al-Shirazi's status as a scholar.

Through personal charisma and intellectual arguments, al-Shirazi built up a large following in Kuwait and Iraq. His followers became known as the 'Shiraziyyin' and tended to be critical of existing Shi'i religious establishments.

Theory of clerical rule
al-Shirazi was a leading Islamist political theorist and devised the Hukumat al-Fuqaha' principle of theocratic rule. According to Cambridge University's Toby Matthiesen: "The political theory of Muhammad al-Shirazi and the MVM [Movement of Vanguard Missions] was quite close to Khomeini’s notion of velayet-e faqih (the guardianship of the jurisprudent), although al-Shirazi favored the theory that not a single cleric, but a council of scholars should govern the Islamic State (hukumat al-fuqaha’/shurat al-fuqaha’)."

Under al-Shirazi's theory government would be in the form of a 'Consultative System of Leadership' composed of senior clerics, and he called for the establishment of the 'Leadership Council of Religious Authorities'. He argued for the establishment of a Universal Islamic Government to encompass all the Muslim countries run in accordance with Hukumat al-Fuqaha'.

Iranian Revolution
After the Islamic revolution, al-Shirazi moved to Qom. al-Shirazi was initially an important figure within Iran's Islamic Republic with his supporters in key roles within the Iranian state in the 1980s. He was the spiritual guide of the Movement of Vanguard Missionaries, an umbrella group for Iran-based Islamist paramilitaries that included military groups like the Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain. Iran maintained support for these paramilitaries in the 1980s through the Office of Liberation Movements, part of the Revolutionary Guards. The Movement of Vanguard Missionaries operated as a military organisation and it was active in Bahrain and Iraq.

He has been critical of the Iranian government.

Iran power struggle
Grand Ayatollah Al-Shirazi expected a bigger role in the Islamic Revolution and this was a point of tension between him and Grand Ayatollah Khomeini. In addition, Al-Shirazi believed he was the senior cleric to Khomeini, as both competed for the position of marja al-taqlid. As the revolution progressed Al-Shirazi fell out with Ayatollah Khomeini and particularly his successor, Grand Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.

The Movement of Vanguard Missionaries was close to radicals in the Iranian government within the Revolutionary Guards. As the radicals were increasingly sidelined by the more moderate Sayyid ‘Ali Khamenei and ‘Ali-Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Al-Shirazi's influence waned. Al-Shirazi was highly critical of Khamenei's bid to become a marja and assumption of the position of Iranian supreme leader.

With the political ascendency of Khamenei and Rafsanjani, Al-Shirazi's followers were at times mistreated by the government of the Iranian authorities. In 1995, one of his sons Seyd Morteza Shirazi was imprisoned for 18 months after which "reportedly escaped to Syria and has requested political asylum, the INP reported in Tehran."

Amnesty International reports that in Iran: "several followers of Grand Ayatollah Sayed Mohammad Shirazi were detained during [1998]. In January Sheikh Mohammad Amin Ghafoori, a well-known religious figure and writer, his wife, and Sayed Hossein Fali were arrested in Qom. There were reports that they were beaten during arrest and tortured in detention. Sayed Hossein Fali was reported to have been released in June. Sheikh Mohammad Amin Ghafoori was said to have been sentenced in July to two and a half years' imprisonment by the Special Court for the Clergy, whose procedures fell far short of international standards. In October, five other followers of Grand Ayatollah Shirazi, including Reza Sultani, were reported to have been arrested and they remained held incommunicado at the end of the year. Sheikh Sadiq Za'eemiyan has also been harassed."

"Seven students arrested in November 1995, apparently on account of their links with Grand Ayatollah Shirazi (see Amnesty International Reports 1996 and 1997), were released in June. However, two of them, Aman Allah Bushehri and Sheikh Mohammad Qahtani, were reportedly rearrested in July and August respectively."

"According to reports, methods of torture used against some of these detainees have included beatings, prolonged sleep deprivation, electric shocks and threatened execution by electrocution after attaching electrodes to the body. Sheikh Ali Maash is said to have required medical treatment after his release for the effects of torture, including for a toe on his right foot which was broken and left untreated.'"

Despite these differences, Al-Shirazi's followers were part of the most pro-Iranian political faction in the post-Saddam Iraq, the United Iraqi Alliance. The Shirazis' Islamic Action Organization contested parliamentary elections along with other pro-Iranian parties such as the Badr Organization and SCIRI as part of the United Iraqi Alliance. In 2006, the Islamic Action Organization had one minister in government in Iraq, the State Minister for Civil Society Affairs, Adil al-Asadi.

Literary contributions
Al-Shirazi has written on different subjects including science, ethics, politics, economics, sociology, law, human rights, etc. He has published over 1200 books, treatises and studies. Assad Ali, a poet and professor of Arabic literature, called him the "King of Authors", because of his prolific output. A bid by Assad Ali to get the Guinness World Records to recognise Muhammad al-Shirazi as the most prolific writer in Arabic was rejected by the publisher.

Al-Shirazi believed in the fundamental and elementary nature of freedom including freedom of expression, political plurality, debate and discussion, tolerance and forgiveness. Regarding war and violence he advocated war as a last resort in response to an enemy who has forced the situation. He called for the Jizyah tax to be imposed on non-Muslims saying 'The obstinate person should become less obstinate in the face of what should return him gradually to the truth.' He believed in the "Consultative System of Leadership" and called for the establishment of the Leadership Council of Religious Authorities. He called for the establishment of the Universal Islamic Government to encompass all the Muslim countries. These and other ideas are discussed in detail in his books.

He had established many Islamic centers, medical and charitable financial services, educational, welfare and social foundations, libraries, and Hawzah's, or universities for Islamic Studies, in different regions of the world. Hundreds of individuals have graduated from his schools as scholars, lecturers, authors and intellectuals.

Death
After many years of being under the house arrest, Grand Ayatollah Shirazi died on Monday, December 17, 2001 in Qom. After his death, his legacy and school of thought were continued through his seminary. His brother Sadiq al-Shirazi is at the helm of this school of thought and is continuing his late brother’s legacy and work.

Legacy
Although he was under house arrest for a long time, people who often saw him said he never insulted the former supreme guide, Khomeini, or the current one, Ali Khamenei, although his relations with them were not good. According to his visitors, he used to say: “Allah have mercy on a man who shows me my faults.”

Works

 * War, Peace & Nonviolence: An Islamic Perspective
 * The Qur'an: When was it compiled?
 * On the question of the Bible and Christianity
 * Islamic Beliefs For All
 * The Family
 * Hajj: Duties and Rulings
 * If Islam were to be established
 * The Islamic System of Government
 * God And His Prophets In The Bible (1960)

Establishments

 * al-Rasool al-Adham Mosque. Kuwait.
 * al-Rasool al-Adham Seminary. Kuwait.
 * Husayniyat al-Rasool al-Adham. Kuwait.
 * Husayniyat al-Rasool al-Adham. London.
 * Imam Ali Center. Washington DC.

title: Mohammad al-Shirazi


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Talk:Majaddid

There is already an article for Mujaddid. If the title is a spelling mistake the article should be deleted. Otherwise redirected to Mujaddid. --Yodakii 05:15, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Majaddid


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Mossrockets

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 17:49, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

The Mossrockets
Apparently non-notable band. No all music entry, limited Google results and has only released one album according to the article. -- Kjkolb 05:16, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Also Bent St. Jam and Spud Gun (band) --Scott Davis Talk 11:44, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment The second album was in preproduction last December according to the article. If this article is deleted (or anyway), the two that link to it Bent St. Jam and Spud Gun (band) should probably go too. --Scott Davis Talk 14:47, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - vanity. User contributions show that Peter Gray created all three articles. --Scott Davis Talk 14:47, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unverifiable. If claims in the article could be verified, might barely scrape past WP:MUSIC. Ilmari Karonen 16:27, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all. Ambi 09:28, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I have added afd1 to both Bent St. Jam and Spud Gun (band) redirecting to here. --Scott Davis Talk 11:44, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this and related forks as unverifible--nixie 02:35, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Jack Beasley

John Albert Beasley (9 November 1895 – 2 September 1949) was an Australian politician who was a member of the House of Representatives from 1928 to 1946. He served in the Australian War Cabinet from 1941 to 1946, and was a government minister in the Curtin and Chifley governments. Beasley was a member of the Australian Labor Party, although on two occasions he left the party to join the breakaway Lang Labor groups, leading the faction in federal parliament. He concluded his career as High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1946 until his death in 1949.

Early life
Beasley was born on 9 November 1895 in Werribee, Victoria, the son of Catherine (née Hogan) and John Beasley. His mother was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, while his Australian-born father was a blacksmith and farmer. Beasley was educated at St Andrew's Catholic Primary School, but left at a young age to work on his father's farm. He later worked as a labourer in Tasmania and Adelaide, and then trained as an electrician in Port Augusta, South Australia, and Broken Hill, New South Wales. In 1918, Beasley moved to Sydney and found work at the Cockatoo Island Dockyard. He was employed by the Sydney Municipal Council in 1920, becoming an electrical installation inspector and then supervisor of appliance sales in the electricity department in 1926. On 5 February 1927, he married Alma Matilda Creighton at a Catholic church in Manly. The couple had two sons and two daughters together.

Early political involvement
Beasley became involved in the labour movement as a shop steward for the Electrical Trades Union of Australia (ETU). He served as the union's president from 1924 to 1930, and was one of its delegates to the Labor Council of New South Wales, serving as president of the council from 1922 to 1928. Beasley was elected to the state executive of the Australian Labor Party in June 1923. Although initially sympathetic to communism and supportive of Jock Garden, he later moderated his views. He represented the ALP at the International Labour Conference in Switzerland in 1926, and returned to Australia "appalled at the excesses of Italian fascism and disconcerted by the realities of Russian communism".

Federal politics
In 1928 Beasley was elected for the safe Labor seat of West Sydney. When Labor under Jim Scullin won the 1929 federal election, he became an Honorary Minister (minister without portfolio), but he resigned this position in 1931 in protest at the Scullin government's policies in response to the Great Depression. He became the leading lieutenant of the radical Premier of New South Wales, Jack Lang, and when Lang decided to break with the federal ALP Beasley resigned from the ALP Caucus and became leader of the Lang Labor party in federal Parliament. In December 1931 he led his group across the floor of the House and brought down the Scullin government on a vote of confidence. This earned him the nickname "Stabber Jack" for the rest of his life.

From 1932 to 1936 Beasley led the Lang group in opposition to both the United Australia Party government of Joseph Lyons and Federal Labor. In 1935 Scullin retired and in early 1936 the new federal leader, John Curtin, brought about a reunification of the NSW and Federal parties, and Beasley joined the Opposition front bench. But in 1940 Lang again broke off relations with the federal party, although by this time he was no longer Premier and no longer had the support of the NSW Branch as a whole. Nevertheless, Beasley again supported Lang and became leader of the so-called Non-Communist Labor Party in federal Parliament.

World War II
In 1941 Curtin again brought Lang's followers (although not Lang himself) back into the Labor Party. When Curtin became Prime Minister in October 1941, he made Beasley Minister for Supply and Development (later Minister for Supply and Shipping), a vital portfolio in wartime. Beasley proved to be a highly competent minister and played a leading role in co-ordinating Australia's wartime economy and supporting the Allied forces in the Pacific Theatre. Due to ill health he exchanged positions with Bill Ashley in February 1945 to take the undemanding Vice-President of the Executive Council.

High Commissioner to the United Kingdom
When Curtin died in July 1945, his successor Ben Chifley made Beasley Minister for Defence, but Chifley had been a minister in the Scullin government and had been the leading opponent of Lang in the NSW ALP through the 1930s. He had not forgiven Beasley and did not want him in the Cabinet, so in 1946 Beasley was appointed High Commissioner in London. He was appointed to the Privy Council in 1946. and was a leading guest at the 1947 wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. . He served as High Commissioner until his sudden death in September 1949 on a visit to Sydney at St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst.

title: Jack Beasley


text:
Talk:Central Coast (New South Wales)

Project
I'm interested in creating a Central Coast, New South Wales Wiki Collaboration Project. Nothing too demanding mind you. I propose to start with the usual information; place names, history, roads, sights and a few fun human interest items perhaps:) We could then advance into special areas of interest.

I'll promote it on my regular ABC Radio 92.5 program and spread the word via email to friends and so on.

Any takers? --davidab 05:18, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Sure. I've been working on Kanwal a bit recently, keeping note of where I find information and creating a bit of an infobox if that is any help to anyone. Cheers. -- d a r k li i g h t talk 09:19, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Back again CC Wikites now after almost 7 years. We really need to get organised now, the region has grown significantly in many ways. Whoever's looking after the stub needs to update the population statistics from the old 2006 cencus to the more recent 2011 census.

If anyone is interested I can organise some meeting space and nibbles on the Ourimbah campus for a discussion on progressing this.davidab (talk) 04:36, 7 January 2013 (UTC)

Recognition as a region
I think I remember an article on the news about the Central Coast being recognised as an official region last year. Does anyone have any information on that? It might be worth putting under History. Cheers. -- d a r k li i g h t talk 09:19, 18 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Found it -- d a r k li i g h t talk 08:47, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Yes the area has been recognised as a region for over 6 years by the geographical names board and should therefore be refered to Central Coast NB: Capital letters. Yet government departments and indeed the ABS have been slow in apply this. The ABS in their latest census 2011 now have the Central Coast as a statistical region Level 4. davidab (talk) 04:22, 7 January 2013 (UTC)

Importance
Only mid importance? I thought that a region with a rank in Australia's top 10 most populus regions would rate a little higher. Cheers, -- darkliight [πalk] 13:21, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

 * *shrugs* Feel free to change it if you feel strongly about it. --Ptcamn 13:52, 6 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Done. If anyone disagrees though I don't feel that strongly about it, so feel free to change it back. Cheers, -- darkliight [πalk] 14:34, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

Established?
Established 2006? I've lived here for 15 years, and it sure was "established" then... Abbott75 09:40, 22 February 2007 (UTC)
 * It depends on your definition of established. It was officially established as a region in its own right last year. There have been humans here for thousands of years. Did you have some other date in between these in mind? Cheers, darkliight[πalk] 09:52, 22 February 2007 (UTC)
 * People have called it the central coast for years, even people from other states recognised it back then. andrewrox424  Bleep 10:00, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Road upgrades
PROJECTS THAT HAVE COMMENCED OR IN PROGRESS:

 * Avoca Drive - Sun Valley Road to Central Coast Hwy, from 2 to 4 lanes.
 * Central Coast Hwy - Ocean View Drive to Tumbi Umbi Road, from 2 to 4 lanes.
 * Pacific Hwy - Anzac Road to Johnson Road or the 'Tuggerah Straight' (stage 1 and 2), from 2 to 4 lanes.

PROPOSED PROJECTS:

Source: RTA Connecting the Central Coast —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 124.183.122.166 (talk) 04:20, 29 April 2007 (UTC).
 * Avoca Drive - Sun Valley Road to Bayside Drive, from 2 to 4 lanes.
 * Central Coast Hwy - A grade-seperated intersection (or a flyover) with Manns Road and Brisbane Water Drive.
 * Central Coast Hwy - Intersection upgrade at Masons Parade and Dane Drive.
 * Central Coast Hwy - Carlton Road to Matcham Road, from 2 to 4 lanes.
 * Central Coast Hwy - Matcham Road to Ocean View Drive, from 2 to 4 lanes.
 * Pacific Hwy - Wyong bypass
 * Pacific Hwy - Ourimbah to Lisarow (stage 2 and 3), from 2 to 4 lanes.
 * Terrigal Drive - Chales Hackett Drive to the Erina Fair roundabout, from 2 to 4 lanes.
 * F3 Freeway widening - Kariong Interchange to the Somersby Interchange, from 4 to 6 lanes.

 * Also that small bridge near lisarow public school. Seen workmen building that recently andrewrox424  Bleep 10:02, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Rail
Under the heading "Stations considered part of the Central Coast length of the CityRail network are (from south to north):" Warnervale does not appear. Warnervale is definately on the Central Coast & is just north of Wyong. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warnervale_railway_station,_New_South_Wales Is Warnervale Station not recognised as part of the Central Coast length of the CityRail network for some reason? Cheers, Swampy. 58.165.166.167 (talk) 20:51, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

Geography
"Other major commercial "centres" on the Coast are Wyong, Tuggerah, Lakehaven, The Entrance, Terrigal, and Woy Woy." Lake Haven is two words & there is a wiki page on "Lake Haven, New South Wales". Could the spelling be corrected and a link to the "Lake Haven, New South Wales" be added? Swampy 121.218.212.10 (talk) 22:38, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060615114435/http://rta.nsw.gov.au/constructionmaintenance/majorconstructionprojectssydney/f3widening/index.html to http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/constructionmaintenance/majorconstructionprojectssydney/f3widening/index.html

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Aaaargh! Leading section.
According to Central Coast (disambiguation) and the hatnote at Central Coast Council, this article is meant to be about the region, not the administrative division. Yet the leading/lead/lede/intro section is all about the latter. The effect is jarring. Pelagic (talk) 16:38, 24 January 2020 (UTC)

Stand-alone region and local government area
In 2016 the City of Gosford and Wyong Shire areas have merged into one big area covering the whole region which is Central Coast Council, just for a clarification there is only one lga in the Central Coast and is one administrative area, so the City of Gosford and Wyong Shire councils are abolished Wikieditor3707 (talk) 16:34, 21 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Central Coast (New South Wales)


text:
George Cornelius Gorham

George Cornelius Gorham (1787–1857) was a priest in the Church of England. His legal recourse to being denied a certain post, decided subsequently by a secular court, caused great controversy.

Early life
George Cornelius Gorham was born on 21 August 1787 in St Neots, Huntingdonshire, to Mary (née Greame) and George James Gorham. He entered Queens' College, Cambridge, in 1805, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree as third wrangler and Smith's prizeman in 1809.

He was ordained as a deacon on 10 March 1811, despite the misgivings of the Bishop of Ely, Thomas Dampier, who found Gorham's opinions at odds with Anglican doctrine. Gorham's views on baptism had caused comment, particularly his contention that by baptism infants do not become members of Christ and the children of God. After being ordained as a priest on 23 February 1812 and serving as a curate in several parishes, he was instituted as vicar of St Just in Penwith by Henry Phillpotts, Bishop of Exeter, in 1846.

Controversy
In 1847 Gorham was presented by the Earl of Cottenham, the Lord Chancellor, to the vicarage of Brampford Speke, a parish in a small Devon village near Exeter, which has a parish church dedicated to Saint Peter. The bishop argued that Gorham's Calvinistic view of baptism made him unsuitable for the post. Gorham appealed to the ecclesiastical Court of Arches to compel the bishop to institute him but the court confirmed the bishop's decision and awarded costs against Gorham. Gorham then appealed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which caused great controversy about whether a secular court should decide the doctrine of the Church of England. The ecclesiastical lawyer Edward Lowth Badeley, a member of the Oxford Movement, appeared before the committee to argue the bishop's cause, but the committee (Knight Bruce, V-C dissenting) eventually reversed the bishop's and the Arches' decision on 9 March 1850 and granted Gorham his institution.

Phillpotts repudiated the judgment and threatened to excommunicate the archbishop of Canterbury and anyone who dared to institute Gorham. Fourteen prominent Anglicans, including Henry Edward Manning, requested that the Church of England repudiate the opinion that the Privy Council had expressed concerning baptism. As there was not any response from the Church apart from Phillpotts' protestations, they quit the Church of England and joined the Catholic Church.

Subsequent life
Gorham himself spent the rest of his life at his post in Brampford Speke. As vicar, Gorham restored the church building, entirely rebuilding the tower, for which Phillpotts gave some money. He was an antiquary and botanist of some reputation, as well as the author of a number of pamphlets. He died on 19 June 1857 in Brampford Speke.

Publications

 * George Cornelius Gorham, The History and Antiquities of Eynesbury and St. Neot's, in Huntingdonshire, and of St. Neot's in the county of Cornwall, 1820.

title: George Cornelius Gorham


text:
Lev Ivanov

Lev Ivanovich Ivanov (Лев Ива́нович Ива́нов; 2 March 1834, Moscow – 24 December 1901, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian ballet dancer and choreographer and later, Second Balletmaster of the Imperial Ballet. As a performer with the Imperial Ballet, he achieved prominence after performing as an understudy in a benefit performance of La Fille Mal Gardée. He is most famous as the choreographer of Acts II and IV of Swan Lake, which include the Dance of the Little Swans, Act II of Cinderella, and The Nutcracker, which he choreographed alongside Marius Petipa.

Biography
Ivanov entered the Moscow School of Dance, but in 1844 moved to Saint Petersburg where he studied at the Imperial Ballet, becoming an official member of the Corps de ballet in 1852. Among his teachers during this time were Jean-Antoine Petipa, Alexandr Pimenov, Pierre Frédéric Malavergne and Emile Gredlu (Эмиль Гредлю).

Historically, Ivanov is credited with choreographing the entirety of premiere of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet The Nutcracker in 1892 due to the ill health of the ballet master, Marius Petipa. While some contemporary and modern accounts dispute this, Ivanov is still mentioned in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Second Edition with choreographing at least the majority of the ballet as Petipa had reportedly not progressed very far in his work. Regardless of the amount of work he actually did, Petipa's was the only name listed for choreography on posters for the first production in St. Petersburg.

Ivanov worked with Petipa on a new restaging of Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake ballet in 1895. Ivanov choreographed the entirety of the lakeside acts or "white acts", Act II and Act IV. This includes the Dance of the Little Swans, an iconic pas de quatre where the four cygnets huddle together and dance in unison, before breaking the chain and falling to the floor whilst attempting to fly. Ivanov also choreographed the Danse Vénitienne (Neapolitan/Venetian Dance) and the Pas Hongrois (Hungarian Dance) of the third bier scene.

In his last years Ivanov was in financial straits. On the strength of his 50 years' service he petitioned the Imperial Theatres for financial assistance.

Original works

 * La Forêt enchantée (en. The Enchanted Forest). Ballet-fantastique in one act. Music by Riccardo Drigo. Imperial Ballet School, 5 April 1887. Second premiere, Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 15 May 1887. Peterhof, July 1889, performance supervised by Marius Petipa.
 * La Tulipe de Haarlem (en. The Tulip of Harlem). Ballet-fantastique in three acts. Music by Baron Boris Fitinhoff-Schell. Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 16 October 1887.
 * Revival by Claudia Kulichevskaya and Pavel Gerdt. Imperial Ballet School, 16 April 1902.
 * Revival by Alexander Shiryaev. Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 29 April 1903.
 * La Flûte magique (en. The Magic Flute). Ballet-comique in one act. Music by Riccardo Drigo. Imperial Ballet School, 22 March 1889. Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 23 April 1889.
 * La Ruse de Cupidon (en. Cupid's Prank). Ballet-anacréontique in one act. Music by Alexander Friedman. Krasnoe Selo, 6 August 1890. Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 23 November 1890.
 * La Beauté de Séville (en. The Beauty of Seville). Divertissement-ballet in one act. Music by various composers. Krasnoe Selo, 10 August 1889.
 * La Fête des bateliers (en. The Boatman's Festival). Divertissement-ballet in one act. Music by Alexander Friedman. Krasnoe Selo, 7 August 1890.
 * The Nutcracker. Ballet-féerie in two acts. Choreographed jointly with Marius Petipa. Music by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 18 December 1892.
 * Cinderella (a.k.a. Zolushka). Ballet-féerie in three acts. Staged jointly with Enrico Cecchetti and Marius Petipa. Music by Baron Boris Fitinhoff-Schell. Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 17 December 1893.
 * revival by Lev Ivanov. Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow, 12 March 1898
 * Swan Lake. Ballet-fantastique in three acts. Staged jointly with Marius Petipa. Music by Pyotr Illyich Tchaikovsky, revised by Riccardo Drigo. Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 27 January 1895.
 * Acis et Galatée (en. Acis and Galatea). Ballet-mythologique in one act. Music by Andrei Kadlets. Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 2 February 1896.
 * revival by Alexander Shiryaev. Imperial Ballet School, 3 May 1905.
 * La Fille du Mikado (en. The Mikado's Daughter). Ballet-fantastique in three acts. Music by Baron Vasily Wrangell. Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 21 November 1897.
 * Egyptian Nights (a.k.a. Une Nuit d'Egypte or Nuits égyptiennes). Divertissement-ballet in one act. Music by Anton Arensky. Never premiered.
 * revival by Mikhail Fokine. Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 8 March 1908.
 * revival by Mikhail Fokine as Cléopâtre for the Ballets Russes. Théâtre du Châtelet, Paris, 2 June 1909.
 * Sylvia. Ballet-mythologique in three acts. Music by Léo Delibes. Staging completed by Pavel Gerdt due to Ivanov's death. Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 15 December 1901.

title: Lev Ivanov


text:
George Gorham

George Gorham may refer to:
 * George Congdon Gorham (1832–1909), American politician
 * George Cornelius Gorham (1787–1857), controversial English ecclesiastic
 * George Gorham Jr. (born 1987), American racing driver

title: George Gorham


text:
Gamehendge

Gamehendge is a fictional setting for a number of songs by the rock band Phish. The main set of songs can be traced back to The Man Who Stepped Into Yesterday (or TMWSIY), the senior project of guitarist and primary vocalist Trey Anastasio, written while he attended Goddard College. The musical was recorded to a cassette tape and submitted along with Anastasio's Senior thesis in July 1988. Many copies of TMWSIY were circulated among fans as Phish's popularity grew but the album was never officially released by the band. Still, the band would frequently perform songs from the album live and, on a few occasions, performed the entire album live, though differently every time. New songs were added to the Gamehendge mythos in the years following the recording of the original 1988 tape.

Story
The Man Who Stepped into Yesterday tells the story of Colonel Forbin, a retired colonel from Long Island, New York, who enters the land of Gamehendge and rescues a document called the Helping Friendly Book from an evil dictator named Wilson. The story was based on a nonsense poem written by Tom Marshall. Trey Anastasio used the poem as lyrics for a children's song he wrote with his mother called "Skippy the Wondermouse". With the new lyrics, the song was retitled "McGrupp and the Watchful Hosemasters". He then wrote a separate set of songs that would make sense of the poem and turn it into a narrative driven musical for his senior project. These were the songs that made up TMWSIY:

 * 1) "Narration" – 3:56 (Introduces the world of Gamehendge and the mountain that rises in the middle of a forest. The land was inhabited by a race of people called the Lizards, and the Lizards gave thanks to Icculus who lived at the top of the mountain. Icculus brought to the Lizards "The Helping Friendly Book" which allowed them to "surrender to the flow" and live in peace and tranquility. Wilson, a traveler from outside gamehendge, gained their trust, stole the book and used it to become king of Prussia, a city he establishes after enslaving the Lizards.)
 * 2) "The Man Who Stepped Into Yesterday" – 1:45 (Colonel Forbin, a retired colonel from Long Island, discovers a door on one of his ritualistic walks with his dog Mcgrupp. As time passes and he watches himself age, he can't stop thinking about the door. One day, after years of having felt imprisoned by the monotony of his lonely life, he decides to step through it.)
 * 3) "The Lizards" – 5:50 (Forbin finds himself in a corridor where he meets an aging knight named Rutherford the Brave. Rutherford tells him of the Lizards who are now all but extinct due to Wilson and his theft of the Helping Friendly book. He leads Forbin outside to a raging river. The knight dives in but, due to his armor, he sinks).
 * 4) "Narration" – 3:06 (Rutherford is pulled out of the water by a hairy and powerful creature known as The Unit Monster. The Unit Monster protects and travels with Tela, a rebel who rides a two toned multi-beast)
 * 5) "Tela" – 6:16 (Forbin falls in love with Tela when he first sees her and views her as a jewel of Wilson's foul domain. She was born in a hut in the shadow of Wilson's castle and was forced into a life of struggle and toil. She grew to hate Wilson and joined a rebellion against him.)
 * 6) "Narration (Ride On A Multibeast)" – 3:26 (Tela leads Forbin and Rutherford to the Rebel's hidden base deep in the forest. As they approach chants of "Wilson" can be heard. But the chants are not in praise of Wilson, they are chants of hatred.)
 * 7) "Wilson" (Anastasio, Tom Marshall, Todd Woolf) – 3:13 (Forbin is introduced to the leader of the Rebellion, a lizard named Errand Woolfe. He learns that Errand's son, Roger, was executed on suspicion of treason. Errand announces his hatred for Wilson for ordering the execution.)
 * 8) "Narration" – 0:31 (Meanwhile, in Prussia, Wilson orders the execution of his accountant, Mr. Palmer, who was caught embezzling funds to the Rebellion.)
 * 9) "AC/DC Bag" – 3:09 (Palmer is hung in the public square by the AC/DC Bag, a robotic hangman with a bag over its head. Wilson delivers a speech condemning him to death.)
 * 10) "Narration" – 3:18 (Forbin visits Tela's hut and proclaims his love for her. But just then Rutherford storms in and strangles both The Unit Monster and Tela to death. Forbin demands to know why and Errand explains that Tela was a spy who had been secretly sending information to Wilson using messenger birds called Spotted Stripers. Roger's death had raised suspicion, but Palmer's confirmed it. Enraged, Forbin storms out promising to get the helping friendly book for them.)
 * 11) "Colonel Forbin's Ascent" – 4:36 (Forbin climbs up the mountain and speaks with Icculus. Icculus promises to help Forbin and the lizards regain the knowledge that they lack, but he warns him that knowledge, though seemingly innocent and pure, can become a deadly weapon in the hands of avarice and greed. All the same Icculus sends his friend, The Famous Mockingbird, to steal the Helping Friendly Book back from Wilson)
 * 12) "Fly Famous Mockingbird" – 7:37 (The Famous Mocking Bird flies to Wilson's castle, takes the Helping Friendly Book and flies it back to the rebel base)
 * 13) "Narration" – 1:31 (The next morning Errand and Rutherford are astonished to see the Helping Friendly book laid before them. Errand seizes the book and fastens the famous mockingbird to a pole with glue and rubber bands. He puts the book to work for him and sets out to find a man who will kill Wilson.)
 * 14) "The Sloth" – 2:16 (Errand finds the Sloth in the Prussia ghetto and hires him to kill Wilson. Wilson is assassinated and Errand Woolfe becomes the next tyrannical king of Prussia.)
 * 15) "Narration" – 1:13 (Forbin finds himself in a dungeon cell having realized his actions only led to replacing one evil dictator with another. He remembers the door and how once he knew it existed, he couldn't leave it alone. Just like Wilson, Tela and Errand. As he sits in the dungeon he realizes he's back through the door. He hears the distant of chants of "Errand" in much the same way the rebels were chanting "Wilson" before.)
 * 16) "Possum" (Jeff Holdsworth) – 4:29 (Icculus looks down at all that is below him and concludes that there ain't no truth in action, unless you believe it anyway. Additionally he notes that when a possum is hit by a car, the road was his end and his end was the road, or so they say.)

All songs written by Trey Anastasio except where noted.

In the thesis that Trey submitted, he goes into more detail about the characters of Forbin and Tela:

"I decided that Colonel Forbin would fall in love with Tela the instant that he saw her. I view these characters as alter-egos. Everything that Tela is, Forbin isn't. Forbin is a naive, love-stricken man, and Tela is a streetwise experienced woman who understands the ways of the world better than most others in the play, save Icculus, the author of the Helping Friendly Book. Forbin is entranced with the look in Tela's eyes, a look that speaks of knowledge of something more. She seems to have total control over the situation; he falls in love. Tela, on the other hand, couldn't care less about this bozo, and the B section of the song changes its point of view and we see inside Tela's head. We see her past, her life under Wilson's rule, and her growing hatred for the tyrant over the years."

And later in the thesis he explains the ending and Icculus:

''"The main point I wanted to get across about Icculus was his ability to see beyond triviality. I saw Forbin as the most trivial thinker, Tela as the least trivial, except Icculus. "Your end is the road" is supposed to mean that something that seems important at the moment is all part of a greater flow of things, and that to be happy, one must just realize the inevitability of things. Tela realized that Wilson would just be replaced by another tyrant, so she began to respect him for taking advantage of an inevitable situation. Icculus says in the first song, "the trick is to surrender to the flow" and that is they key to the whole musical. I think that I had a very cynical view when I wrote this, because I really view Wilson, Tela, and Errand Woolfe as the ones who surrendered to the flow. By "surrender to the flow," I meant that they saw that no matter what action we take, the world remain filled with evil, and that it is a wise person who realizes this and subsequently takes advantage of the situation. I think of Forbin as a naive and ignorant man, who just wouldn't admit to the way that the world really worked. Maybe it's just a stage, and maybe I'll learn someday that the world really is black and white, good vs. evil, a simple place to live and make choices."''

It's possible Trey did indeed change his mind on the dark and cynical turn the story takes at the end as Possum was dropped from live performances of TMWSIY after 1990. Instead the band would end the story with "McGrupp and the Watchful Hosemasters" which would serve as a summary of the events that took place from the point of view of a Shepherd who had lived on the outskirts of Gamehendge and had adopted McGrupp.

In the 1994 performances of Gamehendge they would follow it up with "Divided Sky" which was a chant that was part of an ancient ritual that involved eating sacred root that contained the spirit of Icculus and then climbing a large black rhombus to pay homage to the gods of the night sky. These endings are a bit more optimistic than the original, even though Errand still winds up replacing Wilson as the new dictator and the cycle of war continues.

But the December 31, 2023 performance altered the story even more significantly. In that version, Wilson is not killed, Errand Woolfe (known simply as "The Wolf" in this version) doesn't become the new dictator and the Helping Friendly Book is returned to the Lizards who realize they had the knowledge they needed all along. This seems like the happiest ending of them all until it is revealed that Icculus's mountain is an active volcano and it erupts underneath the lizards just as they are celebrating their victory.

Additional Gamehendge Songs
In the years after the original The Man Who Stepped Into Yesterday tape was recorded other songs were written that were connected to the Gamehendge story in some way. Here is a list of the songs that are confirmed to be a part of Gamehendge, though fans have speculated that there may be more and indeed some songs that were originally not part of Gamehendge have been retroactively connected to it.

 * 1) "Divided Sky" (A chant performed by the Lizards as they stand on an enormous black rhombus, paying homage to the gods of the night sky)
 * 2) "Llama" (Depicts a battle that takes place years after the overthrow of Wilson. In the December 31, 2023 performance, this song takes place when Tela, Forbin and Rutherford first arrive at the rebel base.)
 * 3) "McGrupp and the Watchful Hosemasters" (The story of a shepherd who lives in Gamehendge, whose flock is watched over by Colonel Forbin's dog, McGrupp. The lyrics were originally a Tom Marshall poem that inspired the Gamehendge saga. The poem eventually replaced the lyrics to "Skippy the Wondermouse", a children's song that Trey wrote with his mother)
 * 4) "Punch You in the Eye" (Tells the story of a sailor who passes through Gamehendge during Wilson's reign and his subsequent escape from Wilson's jail)
 * 5) "Icculus" (Introduces the author of the Helping Friendly Book, a text which is revered by the Lizards)
 * 6) "Harpua" (Tells the story of a mean bulldog who kills Poster Nutbag, a cat who belongs to a boy named Jimmy. The story is told differently each time and does not always take place in Gamehendge)
 * 7) "Axilla" (A tale of monsters, witches, and battles in old time Gamehendge)
 * 8) "Axilla, Part 2" (Told years later during peacetime in Gamehendge as the narrator reflects on the land's past turmoil)
 * 9) "Kung" (A chant that one must perform in order to enter the land of Gamehendge)
 * 10) "Esther" (Hails from Gamehendge and received her puppet from the owner of Harpua. The "flying jam" in Esther also appears as the interlude between several of the TMWSIY songs lending said songs a thematic, musical link.)
 * 11) "Reba" (Jimmy's cousin who brews some very interesting recipes.)
 * 12) "Split Open and Melt" (In the December 31, 2023 performance this song was used as an ending to Gamehendge in which it was pointed out that Icculus's mountain is actually an active volcano. The song depicts its eruption.)
 * 13) "It's Ice" (Like Kung, this song was used as a "Gamehendge portal" in the March 22, 1993 performance in which the Ice was broken and on the other side was Gamehendge.)
 * 14) "NO2" (Also used as a portal to Gamehendge on the July 8, 1994 performance.)
 * 15) "The Landlady" (This instrumental is the slowed down latin section adapted from "Punch You In the Eye")

Characters from Gamehendge

 * 1) The Lizards (People who inhabit the forest of Gamehendge and are dependent upon the writings of the Helping Friendly Book for their survival. Since losing the book to Wilson, they're a race of people practically extinct from doing things smart people don't do.)
 * 2) Wilson (a traveller who arrives in Gamehendge and eventually captures the Helping Friendly Book from the Lizards and locks it in the top of his castle, thus becoming the sole dictator of Gamehendge)
 * 3) Colonel Forbin (a retired colonel who helps the Lizards win back the Helping Friendly Book from the tower of Wilson's castle)
 * 4) McGrupp (Colonel Forbin's dog)
 * 5) Rutherford the Brave (An aging knight in gnarly armor who was once a Lizard and is part of the rebellion against Wilson)
 * 6) Tela (A rebel who rides a multibeast. Forbin has a crush on her the moment he sees her but she is eventually killed for allegedly being a spy for Wilson)
 * 7) Errand Woolfe (Lizard Leader of the rebellion against Wilson. Keeps the book for himself after overthrowing Wilson instead of returning it to the Lizards and declares himself the new king of Prussia. In the 12/31/23 performance the character is simply named "The Wolf" and is a human woman portrayed by Jo Lambert.)
 * 8) Roger Woolfe (Errand's son. Hanged by Wilson in the public square on suspicion of treason.)
 * 9) Mr. Palmer (Wilson's accountant who is hanged by the AC/DC Bag in the town square after he is caught embezzling money to fund the rebellion)
 * 10) The AC/DC Bag (a robotic hangman with a bag on its head used to hang traitors and enemies of Wilson)
 * 11) The Unit Monster (a giant hairy monster who serves as Tela's bodyguard. But he is killed along with her by Rutherford)
 * 12) Spotted Stripers (Three-legged messenger birds allegedly used by Tela to send information to Wilson about the activities of the rebels)
 * 13) Multibeasts (giant four-legged creatures with three heads and long necks. They are used as transportation by the people of Gamehendge, much like horses or camels. They have long curly hair and splotches of brown and white color.)
 * 14) The Famous Mockingbird (a bird who is sent by Icculus to fly to the very top of Wilson's castle and retrieve the Helping Friendly Book for Colonel Forbin and the Lizards)
 * 15) The Sloth (a hitman who is hired to murder Wilson after the Helping Friendly Book is rescued. In the original story, The Sloth succeeds and Errand Woolfe becomes king, but in the 12/31/23 performance, The Sloth is sent to kill Wilson before they get the Helping Friendly Book and the Sloth fails to assassinate Wilson because he's too slow.)
 * 16) Icculus (The wise author of the Helping Friendly Book who lives atop the mountain in Gamehendge.)
 * 17) Llamas (giant animals used by the Lizards in combat; complete with huge bazooka type guns on each side)
 * 18) Jimmy (young resident of Gamehendge who owns a cat named Poster Nutbag)
 * 19) Poster Nutbag (The cat owned by Jimmy; always dies some form of death towards the end of the song 'Harpua', an ever-changing narration sometimes taking place in Gamehendge)
 * 20) Harpua (A mean bulldog owned by an old man who was banished from Jimmy's village; invariably ends up in a terrible fight with Poster Nutbag, usually resulting in Poster's death, sometimes set in Gamehendge.)
 * 21) Armenian Man (A mean old butcher and the owner of Harpua)
 * 22) Esther (Received a magical puppet from the Armenian Man that allowed her to fly but eventually dragged her under water into a tranquil and motionless sleep)
 * 23) Reba (Jimmy's cousin, an eccentric cook with questionable recipes. She sells her creations to The Armenian Man)
 * 24) Narrator (The story is usually narrated by Trey, but in the 12/31/23 performance, the narrator was Jimmy and Reba's Grandmother, portrayed by Annie Golden)

Character and location references

 * 1) In the story, "Prussia" is a city that was constructed in the land of Gamehendge. In the song "Wilson," Anastasio refers to Wilson as the "King of Prussia." This lyric references an actual city named King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, which is where "the rhombus" was rumored to be located. Actually located near Anastasio's childhood home in Princeton, New Jersey, the rhombus is a giant piece of art located in a field where Anastasio, Phish lyricist Tom Marshall, and other friends would engage in lengthy songwriting sessions (including some Gamehendge songs). "The Divided Sky" also references the rhombus, where the Lizards supposedly chant to the sky in praise of Icculus.
 * 2) The Roger Holloway song "Mr. Richburg's Lullaby" also references more of Anastasio's friends, including Mike Christian, Holloway ("Roger Wolfe" in the story, also immortalized in "AC/DC Bag"), and drummer Pete Cottone. Anastasio and Holloway perform the instrumental duet "Aftermath" on the very first Phish album, which also features Pete Cottone on drums for "Slave to the Traffic Light."
 * 3) Dave Abrahms, an old friend and songwriting collaborator of Anastasio's, is referenced in "McGrupp and the Watchful Hosemasters."

Live performances
The songs from Gamehendge have been played many times throughout the career of Phish, sometimes with Anastasio narrating parts of the story to the audience. The earliest known performance of a Gamehendge song was "McGrupp and the Watchful Hosemasters" on April 6, 1985, in Burlington, Vermont. On the following occasions in the band's history, Phish performed a complete (or near complete) Gamehendge with narration. Each performance tells the story differently, with a different set of songs each time:

Until December 31, 2023, the July 8, 1994 concert was the only complete Gamehendge performance to have been issued by the band as an official live release. It was first featured as part of their Dinner and a Movie webcast series in July 2020, and was made available on their LivePhish website the next month. The July 1994 concert had been recorded by Boston public television station WGBH.

The 1994 shows were recorded in 24-track digital for, it is assumed, a CD-ROM project that was mentioned in a 1994 Doniac Schvice. The project has long since been shelved.

Another common sequence at shows from 1988 to 1995, and less frequently after, was to play Colonel Forbin's Ascent segueing into Fly Famous Mockingbird, often with an Anastasio monologue sandwiched in between.

When songs from the project are performed live, accompanying narration often details the transportation of the audience to Gamehendge. Some fans speak of "going to Gamehendge" with reference to attending a Phish concert. Some songs and narratives explain how to get to Gamehendge, as evident in live versions of "Kung," "Harpua," "N02," and "It's Ice."

Phish performed the first complete Gamehendge cycle in 29 years during their New Year's Eve show at Madison Square Garden on December 31, 2023. The performance included all of the songs from The Man Who Stepped Into Yesterday with different narrations. In addition, there were many other associated Gamehendge songs that weren't on the original 1988 recording incorporated into the musical. The performance featured live actors, dancers and puppets portraying the characters from the songs. The song order and story was altered from the original TMWSIY. In this version Wilson is never killed and the story ends with a volcano eruption soon after The Famous Mockingbird retrieves the Helping Friendly Book. Despite the changes, this is the most complete version of Gamehendge to date and the narrator claims it is the "real" story.

title: Gamehendge


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sanat Va Honar

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Jitse Niesen (talk) 21:58, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Sanat Va Honar
Small, non-notable brake manufacturer. -- Kjkolb 05:20, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep if the # of employees part is true, they're probably notable enough for an article. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 12:11, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Doesn't seem to meet WP:CORP. —Cryptic (talk) 07:33, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thangata

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was No consensus. – Rich Farmbrough 19:47, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Thangata
I don't know if it can be expanded beyond a dicdef. Weak Delete Tito xd 05:20, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * My comments only: I found that it is also the name of a place in Kenya. Someone knowing more may please comment further. In case, it is the name of a place, deletion is not appropriate, changes will have to made in the contents. --Bhadani 14:07, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep -- because it is a good stub, and there is a good possibility someone may expand it beyond a dicdef. --Mysidia (talk) 18:03, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:Districts of Assam

title: Category:Districts of Assam


text: User talk:70.241.195.158

title: User talk:70.241.195.158


text:
User:Bithaze

I've long been a reader of Wikipedia, but I want to be more active as an editor. Previously I used the account TS1; I've migrated to this user which is a name I use in a few different places online.

What I'm Doing/Thinking

 * Currently I'm working on an overhaul of Fitbit. It's seldom updated, but with the product approaching release the article could certainly be brought up to speed. I want to add a better product description, clean up the references, and bring it up to Start-class soon or even C-class in the future.

 * I'd like to do a similar cleanup on TweetDeck. It's already Start-class, but could be better.

 * I'm thinking TechCrunch50 may do better as a section in TechCrunch. I'll look more into this after I'm done with Fitbit and also hope for feedback on Talk:TechCrunch50.

Incomplete Table
per Talk:Adobe_Creative_Suite, please finish your verification etc- it'd be a big improvement to the article. --Treekids (talk) 18:20, 6 September 2011 (UTC)

title: User:Bithaze


text:
Talk:Ed Roberts (activist)

Vandalism
Dagnabbit, there should be some kind of automated lock on Wikipedia entries triggered by Google Doodles pointing to them. DsouzaSohan (talk) 05:49, 23 January 2017 (UTC)

Needs Citations
Today Google is honoring Ed Roberts, so this page will see more traffic. We should improve the article to meet standards. Unfortunately, if someone were to take bold action and simply deleted unsourced information, this article would be a stub, since there is almost no properly cited information on this page. Hopefully with the increased traffic from Google, we can find sources for the many very specific statements about the life of Ed Roberts without the need to remove them. Omniferous (talk) 09:16, 23 January 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 23 January 2017
Remove the phrase "When California politics again shifted to the right," from the seventh paragraph under "Activism" and replace with "....in 1983, when he returned...." Reason: I, too, am a polio survivor - although not as severely affected as was Mr. Roberts. However, I have never felt or sensed that empathy for people with disability was reserved for one side of the political spectrum. Take politics out of this otherwise poignant and memorable article. Jimosul (talk) 14:18, 23 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made.  Eve rgr een Fir  (talk) 23:06, 23 January 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 23 January 2017
This link (in the references section at the bottom of the page) is a dead link and should be marked as such: http://atotw.org/edroberts.html Nmiracle (talk) 14:44, 23 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Yellow check.svg Partly done: linked to archived version instead  Eve rgr een Fir  (talk) 23:05, 23 January 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 23 January 2017
Please change link TRIO program to TRiO Program and link to Wikipedia page TRiO Program Eragonscout (talk) 15:16, 23 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting wait.svg Already done  Eve rgr een Fir  (talk) 23:03, 23 January 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 23 January 2017
131.90.0.236 (talk) 17:00, 23 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. P p p er y 17:44, 23 January 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 23 January 2017
Please add the following:

PERSONAL LIFE AND TRAVELS (From NY Times Obituary, 3/16/95) Ed traveled to Russia, Australia, Japan and France to raise public awareness on the philosophy of independent living for the disabled. In 1984 he received a MacArthur Foundation grant that he used to pay for his activities.

In a 1991 book "Rescues: The Lives of Heroes," the author, Michael Lesy, said Mr. Roberts was one of nine people who defined heroism. Mr. Lesy wrote, "What a black man like Bob Moses had been in the civil rights movement or a woman like Betty Friedan had been for the feminists, Ed Roberts was for the disabled."

His marriage to Catherine Roberts ended in divorce in 1982. He was survived by a son, Lee, of Redding, Calif.; his mother, Zona, of Berkeley, and two brothers, Mark, of Eugene, Ore., and Ron, of Hawaii. 72.192.212.52 (talk) 17:28, 23 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made.  Eve rgr een Fir  (talk) 23:03, 23 January 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ed Roberts (activist)


text:
User talk:The feverist

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
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 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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--JAranda'' | yeah 05:21, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:The feverist


text:
User:SorryGuy

Hi, and welcome to SorryGuy's Wikipedia user page. I've been here since my first edit, on 17:41, 22 August 2005 and only feel as I am now truly getting involved. My name is Jake, and I resident of San Diego, California. Further information on me can easily be found, but I recently decided that maintaining some anonymity here would be best and as such I prefer you not look into it.

On Wikipedia, I contribute in a number of ways. The first article I got up to FA-class was The Lord of the Rings. I hope to do the same with The Preuss School UCSD, which is currently at GA-status. In the future, I also plan on significantly contributing to Friday Night Lights (TV series), Lost in Translation, and Magic: The Gathering, among other topics which I have interest in. I also contribute to Wikipedia through participating in deletion discussions, requests for administrative tools, fighting vandals, and welcoming new users.

If I am able to, I am more than willing to help a fellow user. If you need anything, simply let me know on my talk page. I promise a response to any inquiry within a day, my schedule providing, of course.

title: User:SorryGuy


text:
Chum bucket

Chum bucket, (The) Chum Bucket or chumbucket can mean:

 * a bucket used to hold "chum" in the practice of chumming
 * The Chum Bucket, the fictional unsuccessful restaurant run by Plankton and Karen in SpongeBob SquarePants
 * a chumbox, a form of online advertising

title: Chum bucket


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/TRANGO real-time embedded hypervisor

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk—How's my driving?) 22:49, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

TRANGO real-time embedded hypervisor
Advertisement and non-notable technology. (TRANGO and hypervisor) gets only a handful of Google results excluding Wikipedia mirrors and spam sites. -- Kjkolb 05:28, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - Advert. CastAStone 18:09, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * delete as above. Pete.Hurd 21:21, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, NPOV, cleanup and remove the diagram (probably copyvio). Hypervisor links to it. Should probably be moved to TRANGO. Andrew pmk | Talk 02:29, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Lionel Shriver

Lionel Shriver (born Margaret Ann Shriver; May 18, 1957) is an American author and journalist who lives in Portugal. Her novel We Need to Talk About Kevin won the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2005.

Early life and education
Shriver was born Margaret Ann Shriver, in Gastonia, North Carolina, to a religious family. Her father, Donald, was a Presbyterian minister who became an academic and president of the Union Theological Seminary in New York; her mother was a homemaker. At age 15, she changed her name from Margaret Ann to Lionel because she did not like the name she had been given and, as a tomboy, felt a conventionally masculine name was more appropriate.

Shriver was educated at Barnard College of Columbia University (BA, MFA). She has lived in Nairobi, Bangkok, Belfast, and London, and currently resides in Portugal. She has taught metalsmithing at Buck's Rock Performing and Creative Arts Camp in New Milford, Connecticut.

Fiction
Shriver had written seventeen novels, of which seven had been published, before she wrote We Need to Talk About Kevin, which she called her "make or break" novel because of the years of "professional disappointment" and "virtual obscurity" preceding it.

In an interview with Bomb magazine, Shriver listed the various subjects of her novels up to the publication of We Need to Talk About Kevin: "anthropology and first love, rock-and-roll drumming and immigration, the Northern Irish Troubles, demography and epidemiology, inheritance, tennis and spousal competition, [and] terrorism and cults of personality". Rather than writing traditionally sympathetic characters, Shriver prefers to create characters who are "hard to love."

We Need to Talk About Kevin was awarded the 2005 Orange Prize for Fiction. The novel is a study of maternal ambivalence, and the role it might have played in the title character's decision to murder nine people at his high school. It provoked much controversy and achieved success through word of mouth. She said this about We Need To Talk About Kevin becoming a success: I'm often asked did something happen around the time I wrote Kevin. Did I have some revelation or transforming event? The truth is that Kevin is of a piece with my other work. There's nothing special about Kevin. The other books are good too. It just tripped over an issue that was just ripe for exploration and by some miracle found its audience. The novel was adapted into the 2011 film of the same name, starring Tilda Swinton and Ezra Miller.

In 2009, she donated the short story "Long Time, No See" to Oxfam's "Ox-Tales" project, four collections of UK stories written by 38 authors. Her story was published in the Fire collection.

Shriver's book So Much for That was published on March 2, 2010. In the novel, Shriver presents a biting criticism of the U.S. health care system. It was named as a finalist for the National Book Award in fiction. Her work The New Republic was published in 2012. It was written in 1998, but failed to find a publisher at the time.

Her 2013 book, Big Brother: A Novel, was inspired by the morbid obesity of one of her brothers.

The Mandibles: A Family, 2029–2047, published in May 2016, is set in a near-future in which the United States is unable to repay its national debt and Mexico has built a wall on its northern border to keep out US citizens trying to escape with their savings. Members of the moneyed Mandible family must contend with disappointment and struggle to survive after the inheritance they had been counting on turns out to have turned to ash. A sister bemoans a shortage of olive oil, while another has to absorb strays into her increasingly cramped household. Her oddball teenage son Willing, an economics autodidact, looks as if he can save the once august family from the streets. The novel was "not science fiction", Shriver told BBC Radio 4's Front Row on May 9, 2016. It is an "acid satire" in which "everything bad that could happen ... has happened" according to the review in the Literary Review.

Journalism
Shriver has written for The Wall Street Journal, the Financial Times, The New York Times, The Economist, Harper's Magazine, and other publications, plus the Radio Ulster program Talkback. In July 2005, Shriver began writing a column for The Guardian, in which she shared her opinions on maternal disposition within Western society, the pettiness of British government authorities, and the importance of libraries (she plans to will whatever assets remain at her death to the Belfast Library Board, out of whose libraries she checked many books when she lived in Northern Ireland).

Shriver currently writes for The Spectator, and occasionally contributes to the "Comment" page of The Times, standing in while regular columnist Matthew Parris is away. In a 2022 "Comment" article, she argued that "Putin could nuke Ukraine and get away with it".

Shriver has argued against migration into the UK; in 2021 she wrote an article which stated "For westerners to passively accept and even abet incursions by foreigners so massive that the native-born are effectively surrendering their territory without a shot fired is biologically perverse."

Political views and activism
Shriver is a Democrat. She is a patron of UK population growth rate concern group Population Matters, and supported Brexit, the UK's exit from the European Union.

She voted for Joe Biden in the 2020 U.S. presidential election. In September 2022, Shriver released an open letter in which she endorsed Republican Ron DeSantis for the 2024 U.S. Presidential election. In the letter, she criticized both Biden and Donald Trump as poor leaders, and praised DeSantis for his handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, banning critical race theory in schools, opposing transgender women from competing in women's sports, and passing the Florida Parental Rights in Education Act; while noting that she disagrees with him on abortion.

In May 2010, Shriver criticized the American health system in an interview while at the Sydney Writers' Festival in Australia, in which she said she was "exasperated with the way that medical matters were run in my country" and considers that she is taking "my life in my hands. Most of all I take my bank account in my hands because if I take a wrong turn on my bike and get run over by a taxi, I could lose everything I have."

As the 2016 keynote speaker at the Brisbane Writers' Festival, Shriver gave a controversial speech critical of the concept of cultural appropriation which led the festival to "pull its links to Shriver’s speech and publicly disavow her point of view." Shriver had previously been criticized for her depiction of Latino and African American characters in her book The Mandibles, which was described by one critic as racist and by another as politically misguided. In her Writers' Festival speech, Shriver contested these criticisms of her book, stating that writers should be entitled to write from any perspective, race, gender or background that they choose.

In June 2018, she criticized an effort by the publisher Penguin Random House to diversify the authors that it published and better represent the population, saying that it prioritized diversity over quality and that a manuscript "written by a gay transgender Caribbean who dropped out of school at seven" would be published "whether or not said manuscript is an incoherent, tedious, meandering and insensible pile of mixed-paper recycling". Penguin Random House marketer and author Candice Carty-Williams criticized the statements. As a result of her comments Shriver was dropped from judging a competition for the magazine Mslexia.

Shriver expressed her opposition to woke and identity politics in a 2021 interview with the Evening Standard, stating that "I don't like discrimination of any kind" but adding "there is nothing malign, initially at least, in the impulse to pursue a fairer society. The biggest problem with the 'woke’ is their methods – too often involving name calling, silencing, vengefulness, and predation."

In August 2023 Shriver gave an interview with the Evening Standard in which she claimed "You don’t have free speech in the UK anymore".

Personal life
Shriver married jazz drummer Jeff Williams in 2003. They live in Portugal.

On June 7, 2016, Shriver appeared on the BBC Radio 4 programme My Teenage Diary, during which she read extracts from her journals from the late 1960s and early 1970s and discussed her upbringing and adolescence.

Fiction

 * Novels

 * The Female of the Species (1987)
 * Checker and the Derailleurs (1988)
 * The Bleeding Heart (1990)
 * Ordinary Decent Criminals (1992)
 * Game Control (1994)
 * A Perfectly Good Family (1996)
 * Double Fault (1997)
 * We Need to Talk About Kevin (2003)
 * The Post-Birthday World (2007)
 * So Much for That (2010)
 * The New Republic (2012)
 * Big Brother: A Novel (2013)
 * The Mandibles (2016)
 * The Standing Chandelier (2017)
 * The Motion of the Body Through Space (2020)
 * Should We Stay or Should We Go (2021)
 * Mania (2024)

 * Short fiction
 * Property – Stories Between Two Novellas, 2018 collection

Nonfiction

 * Abominations: Selected Essays from a Career of Courting Self-Destruction (2022)

title: Lionel Shriver


text: Talk:The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson


text:
User talk:CowboyLawyer

finding the truth in this merkey turkey.

title: User talk:CowboyLawyer


text:
User:CowboyLawyer

finding the truth in this merkey turkey.

title: User:CowboyLawyer


text:
Gobir

Gobir (Demonym: Gobirawa) was a city-state in what is now Nigeria. Founded by the Hausa in the 11th century, Gobir was one of the seven original kingdoms of Hausaland, and continued under Hausa rule for nearly 700 years. Its capital was the city of Alkalawa. In the early 19th century elements of the ruling dynasty fled north to what is today Niger from which a rival dynasty developed ruling as Sarkin Gobir (Sultan of Gobir) at Tibiri. In 1975 a reunited traditional sultanate took up residence in Sabon Birni, Nigeria.

Early history
Gobir was one of the seven original kingdoms of Hausaland, tracing a lineage back to the 11th century. The seat of the dynasty was at Alkalawa, in northwestern Hausaland.

During the 15th century Gobir controlled the Air mountains, but its control over the area was broken by the Tuareg who founded the Sultanate of Agadez. Gobir retreated southward.

Jihad of Usman dan Fodio
Gobir is particularly remembered as the chief opponent of Fulani Islamic reformer Usman dan Fodio. Bawa, a ruler of Gobir, appears to have invited dan Fodio to the area in 1774; dan Fodio made his home in the small town of Degel, and began preaching. Dan Fodio was given some role in the education of Bawa's nephew and later successor, Yunfa (r. 1803–8), but also publicly attacked what he saw as the abuses of the Hausa elite, particularly the burden they placed on the poor. Sarki Nafata (r. 1797–98) reversed Bawa's tolerant policy, and feared the increase of arms amongst dan Fodio's followers. The next two rulers vacillated between repressive and liberal measures.

When Yunfa took the throne in 1803, he soon found himself in conflict with dan Fodio, and after failing to assassinate him, exiled dan Fodio and his followers from Degel. Dan Fodio responded by assembling the nomadic Fulani clans into a jihadist army, beginning the Fulani War and eventually establishing the Sokoto Caliphate. Despite some initial successes by the forces of Gobir and the other Hausaland states (most notably at the Battle of Tsuntua), dan Fodio managed to conquer the surrounding territory. His forces seized the Gobir capital, Alkalawa, in October 1808, killing Sarki Yunfa. The state was then partially absorbed into Sokoto.

Flight
Resistance against the Jihadists was continued in the north-east by Sarkin Ali dan Yakubu and Sarki Mayaki. With the help of the Hausa ruler of Katsina the latter built a new capital of Gobir in Tibiri, 10 km north of Maradi in 1836. When the Gobir Sultan revolted against the Sokoto Caliphate that same year, Sokoto Sultan Muhammed Bello crushed the rebellion at the Battle of Gawakuke. Here in present Niger the old dynasty of the Hausa rulers of Gobir is still continued today. A rival branch of the dynasty has its seat in Sabon Birni north of Sokoto in Nigeria.

The former Sarkin Gobir Muhammadu Bawa ruled in Sabon Birni from 1975 to 2004.

title: Gobir


text:
Nube

Nube(s) can refer to the following:

People and characters

 * Nephele (Nube in Latin), a nymph in Greek mythology
 * Nūbē, a character in Hell Teacher Nūbē
 * a variation of newbie

Other uses

 * National Union of Bank Employees
 * The Clouds (or Nubes in Latin), an ancient Greek comedy by Aristophanes
 * Nube Galaxy, a dark galaxy
 * "Nubes (song)", a 2021 song by Rauw Alejandro

title: Nube


text:
Nova Social

Nova Social is an electronic pop duo from New York and New Jersey. They have released two EPs and two full-length albums, and also recorded the theme song to Cartoon Network's Calling Cat-22. Band member David Nagler has arranged and produced tracks for Chicago singer/songwriter Chris Mills, provided choral arrangements for The Mekons' Jon Langford and the Burlington Welsh Male Chorus, and plays guitar and piano in John Wesley Harding & The English UK. Band member Thom Soriano has recorded electronic compositions and remixed tracks for artists (including They Might Be Giants and Dan Bryk) as The Kendal Mintcake.

Band members

 * David Nagler - vocals, instruments, programming
 * Thom Soriano - instruments, programming, sampling

Discography

 * Nova Social (EP) (Big Sleep Records, 2009)
 * Other Words From Tomorrow's Dictionary (Big Sleep Records, 2007)
 * High School Reunion (compilation) (American Laundromat Records, 2005)
 * There Is No Hidden Meaning (compilation) (Kabukikore Records, 2004)
 * The Jefferson Fracture (Big Sleep Records, 2002)
 * Don't Settle for Walking (EP as Stretch) (Big Sleep Records, 1998)

title: Nova Social


text:
User:Mohamed A Meligy

== The information in this document is very outdated Go to [] for latest info ==

Mohamed A Meligy (Mohamed Ahmed Meligy) is little bit known Egyption student .NET developer, Blogger and Forums contributer. He was born in February 24, 1986 in the state of Giza, where he still lives in Faisal.

has been involved in software development (especially for web) since secondary shcool. He has been developing using PHP 4.x for less than 2 years, till he migrated to C and Microsoft .NET, using which he's still developing.

Currently, Mohamed is in his 2nd year of the major with grade 2.85/4. He works on project basis for a company called GNS Egypt located in cairo. He's beeing all into C,.NET (especially ASP.NET) in both versions 1.0, 1.1, and 2.0 (Currently BETA).

title: User:Mohamed A Meligy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Megan McCauley

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP.  Rob e  rt  01:17, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Megan McCauley
Rep of the singer gave permission for use (they didn't specifcy if that permission was compatible with the GFDL), but artist does not meet WP:MUSIC guidelines, delete.--nixie 05:34, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per WP:MUSIC. That's the second-scariest picture I've seen on WP recently.  Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  12:28, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete "up and coming" is future speculation --Mysidia (talk) 18:02, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The Elektra Soundtrack page on Amazon - read the comments - I think up and coming is legit. Also between the Elektra soundtrack and the Fantastic Four soundtracks, isn't that 2 major releases? Still, I won't be heartbroken if she goes... --CastAStone 18:20, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Except for one edit to The College of Wooster Greeks, all of this user's edits have been to afd pages. User:Zoe|(talk) 22:55, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * So What? I'm new to the underworld part of wiki, but I've been around long enough to tell good from bad...--CastAStone 07:18, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep for the major soundtracks she's on. Copyright issues are gone along with most of the original text of the article.  Even that awful picture is gone (hopefully somebody can put in a CD cover).  --rob 18:30, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * There's a decent pic at http://image.allmusic.com/00/amg/pic200/drp500/p594/p59421sw2ka.jpg, but I don't know its copyright status.
 * Weak keep. She has pages at artistdirect and allmusic, though they are mostly blank, and lots of Google hits. User:Zoe|(talk) 04:09, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep fails the letter of WP:Music but that's just a rough guideline. The 2 songs on notable movie soundtracks, the AMG page, the google results... seems likely to cleanly pass WP:Music before too long.  If not this could be revisited in my opinion.  --W.marsh 00:43, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per rob, appears to be a notable soundtrack singer-songwriter. Hall Monitor 20:01, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yowza

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 07:44, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Yowza
Non-notable website. 53 Google hits, most of which are pages on the site itself or blog ads. Reads like an advertisement. Quicksandish 05:35, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Ad for the website, non-notable, article is copied text from homepage of site. Ben D. 05:43, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete and redirect to interjection, which is where interjections with no potential for encyclopedic articles redirect. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 09:37, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I have just had a look at this page I cant see what the problem is. I remember a guy on my local radio station saying yowza. I think the page should stay. Steve Canterbury UK (preceding unsigned comment by  )

Regards Jon --JonMax1 20:45, 1 October 2005 (UTC) (user's first edit)
 * Great to see some infomation on Yowza, I agree with steve that this entry should stay. Yowza was used at the station which I work at. It is defenitly something I feel other people should have infomation on.
 * Delete as non-notable. MCB 07:07, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-encyclopedic, could be added to Wiktionary. -- Corvus 17:24, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete At best a dicdef. Not worth the non-paper it's not printed on! Marcus22 19:46, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yowza


text:
John A. Pearson

John Andrew Pearson (June 22, 1867 – June 11, 1940) was an early 20th-century British-born Canadian architect and partner to the Toronto-based firm of Darling and Pearson.

Early life and education
Pearson was born in Chesterfield, UK. His father John Pearson (1831-1906) was a builder, stonemason and a carpenter in Sheffield. After attending Wesley College, Pearson worked as a stonemason for his father from 1885 to 1887 before emigrating to Canada in 1888.

Career
Pearson worked for Henry Sproatt beginning in 1890, and joined Darling, Curry, Sproatt, & Pearson in 1892, with fellow partners Frank Darling and S. George Curry. Curry departed, and from 1893 through 1896 that office was known as Darling, Sproatt & Pearson.

In 1896 Sproatt left the partnership, and the firm was renamed Darling and Pearson. This partnership lasted from 1897 through Pearson's death in 1940.

Pearson was the first Vice-President of Ontario Association of Architects (1902).

Pearson's most significant project apart from this partnership is undoubtedly the Centre Block on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, a complex that contains the House of Commons of Canada and Senate of Canada, and the adjoining Peace Tower.

The previous Centre Block burned in 1916, entirely destroyed except for the Library of Parliament. By 1920 the Centre Block was rebuilt with a design by Pearson and collaborator Jean Omer Marchand of Montreal. The Peace Tower commemorating the end of the First World War was completed in 1927.

In 1928 Pearson was commissioned to design a building, with noted New York architects York and Sawyer, to house the head office of the Canadian Bank of Commerce in Toronto. The 34-story building was completed in 1931 in spite of the onset of the Great Depression, and at the time was the tallest building in the British Empire.

Death
Pearson died in Toronto in 1940, aged 72. He is buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery.

title: John A. Pearson


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Table of differences between the book and film adaptations of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. — J I P | Talk 18:58, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Differences between book and film versions of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
Obsessive Wonkacruft minutiae; nonencyclopedic. tregoweth 05:36, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and Merge The first encyclopedia was written by obsessives. Merge to Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film) Joaquin Murietta 05:48, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep -- obsessive Wonkacruft? ..maybe. Interesting? definitely. --Mysidia (talk) 05:51, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * keep Good article about a major book and two major films. CalJW 06:19, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge important differences to movie articles. This is an excellent, detailed, and interesting list, but I think many of the differences are too minor to note here. Eric119 06:58, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, OR. User:Zoe|(talk) 07:52, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I assume the "OR" means "Original Research". From No original research:
 * Original research that creates primary sources is not allowed. However, research that consists of collecting and organizing information from existing primary and/or secondary sources is strongly encouraged. In fact, all articles on Wikipedia should be based on information collected from primary and secondary sources. This is not "original research," it is "source-based research," and it is fundamental to writing an encyclopedia.
 * That means we're welcome to take info from primary sources (aka the book and films), put it together, and organize it. --rob 18:41, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Interesting comparison, and I haven't seen or read either work ;). --ShaunMacPherson 07:59, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Strangely compelling reading while I'm supposed to be at work. CambridgeBayWeather 08:32, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I found this incredibly useful and interesting. Cnwb 08:37, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as per Joaquin Murietta. Who's going to look up a title like that?   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   10:02, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge per Joaquin Murietta. An interesting article that deserves a far more accessible title! Sliggy 12:59, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * keep or merge as per above. Roodog2k (talk) 14:03, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, aids readers to understand how the work has been reinterpreted. Kappa 14:45, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong merge. --Jacquelyn Marie 14:58, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but retitle. 23skidoo 16:14, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but transwiki to Wikibooks or somewhere, because this isn't necessarily something you find in an encyclopedia. Tito xd 19:04, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and retitle. Useful and too large to merge with Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Andrew pmk | Talk 02:34, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Strongly suggest transwiki to Wikibooks, beyond the scope of Wikipedia. Summarize a few of the major points, and provide a link. --FuriousFreddy 04:39, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Cool article.  >:  Roby Wayne  Talk •  Hist 05:12, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film). Such lists don't deserve their own article, but the info is valid. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:24, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, I really think this deserves its own page. It's too big to be on the movie pages. Also, definitely needs to be renamed.- JustPhil 17:56, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep all of this verifiable information about famous works. Do not merge as this information applies equally to three different articles (the book, and 2 movies).  Merging it into another article, would inevitably mean the comparison information would become redundant in each of the three articles.  The suggestion of the merging it into the article about the 2005 film is especiallly bad.  The 2005 film is a re-adapatation of the book, *not* a sequel to the 1971 film.  Hence comparisons of the 1971 film to the book, would not belong in an article about the 2005 film.  Information in this table is simply beyond the scope of any of the three other articles.  --rob 18:16, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * keep this on its own page please even though it was many years ago we discussed this as a class once and this could be helpful for teachers now and later who read this to their students and want to talk about these difference so why erase it or move it really it is fine where it is Yuckfoo 20:05, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is a very interesting article. Carioca 23:55, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Interesting, but possibly convert into an image format? --Sb2k4 15:41, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. ~⌈Markaci⌋ 2005-10-5 T 01:47:21 Z
 * Keep. --BMF81 10:44, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep (Ibaranoff24 23:48, 6 October 2005 (UTC))
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.