text:
Talk:Richard O'Connor

A few thoughts
First my sincere thanks to my good friend Leithp for his help and encouragement in getting this article up to something resembling Feature status. Without his collaboration I would have not had the confidence to submit it for your consideration.

If Plutarch were alive today, he would be pretty damned old. But if he were to somehow summon up the will and inspiration to do an updated version of the Parallel Lives, he would surely pair up O'Connor and Erwin Rommel. For in both personality and career their lives shared many parallels. They were scholar-soldiers who enjoyed writing, learning and teaching. Strongly patriotic yet at their core, pragmatic problem solvers. They preferred commanding from the front, a brave and noble habit but one which would prove costly to O'Connor's freedom and Rommel's health. Both distinguished themselves in the First World War, yet were dismayed by the wasteful slaughter. Consequently, they became masters of armored operations in the following war. Yet the two great desert tankers, never really had a fair showdown with one another, which had it occured, would have doubtless been one of the war's most spectacular clashes of commanders. Much as Rommel, later, would never get a fair shot at Montgomery. Montgomery would also prove to be O'Connor's bain, as well, by denying him the support, forces and operational leeway he needed to accomplish his missions (Though Leithp strongly disagrees with me here ;). Both would end up in differnt sorts of internal exile. O'Connor, kicked upstairs and exiled to India, where great desert generals went to watch their careers die. For Rommel exile would be a series of extended leaves, some for legitimate medical reasons, but others politically motivated. Exile for O'Connor would end in retirement, for Rommel in death. Both thrown away by the regimes they had served so abily. In death, Rommel has become a legend, whilst O'Connor was largely forgotten in his long and distinguished post-war life. It was in working on the article on the legendary Rommel, that I became interested in the man who was very much his counterpart in history and might well have proven his most worthy opponent. And one whose story needed to be told as well. --R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 19:15, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * All commanders, and soldiers in general, need an element of good luck. Some, did not get it.

 * Possibly Montgomery removed O'Connor - "not being ruthless enough with his American subordinates" - because Montgomery was only too aware of how Alexander had allowed Clark to mess-up the Anzio landings followed then by his subsequent disobedient entry into Rome, which Alexander should have prevented by ensuring Clark obeyed his (Alexander's) orders. But that's just my guess.

 * FYI, Alexander was in overall command at Anzio and in some people's opinion he should have made Clark order Lucas to move inland, but Clark instead allowed Lucas to sit there where he landed and dig-in. Later, when they had finally broken-out Clark subsequently disobeyed orders and sent his forces off to capture Rome, throwing away the opportunity to eliminate most of the remaining German forces - Clark had orders to drive eastward and cut off their retreat. It was thought by some (not just the British) that Alexander should have fired Clark, and replaced him with someone who did what he was told.

 * IIRC, news that Clark had entered Rome arrived on or around June 6th 1944, a day when Montgomery had rather more pressing things on his mind and a time when news casting doubts about some of his allies' abilities to follow orders would be least welcome.

 * FWIW, Montgomery may instead have simply thought O'Connor was by-then worn out and needed a rest, he had after all been involved in fighting since 1940 which many of his contemporaries had not. He had also been a POW for two years, and the mental strain may have caught up with him by 1944. Unfortunately O'Connor's removal is not mentioned in Montgomery's memoirs. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.150.10.137 (talk) 15:03, 3 April 2018 (UTC)

Main Page
I'm very late in mentioning it, but this page has been listed on WP:TFA as a potential candidate for appearing on the Main Page. The current proposal is December 8th, the start of Operation Compass. Comments on this, or other proposed dates, can be made on WP:TFA. Leithp (talk) 11:44, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Birth place?
Was Richard born in Srinigar or Srinagar? I found a source that says he was born in Srinigar. Are they distinct places? ~ MDD4696 (talk • contribs) 16:53, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure. Srinagar is both the name of a distict and its capital city. So was he born in the district or in the town? Srinigar, if it is a different place, is also in the same area. So he may have been born in Srinigar in Srinagar district. For now, to avoid further confusion and edit wars, let's just let the older version stand until the frenzy dies down and we can discuss and make changes at a more thoughtful pace. This is difficult to do when every 10 minutes some IP Freely anon vandal blanks the entire article or adds in some witless vulgarity or sexually retarded remark.--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 17:46, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

Many Indian towns and cities have a number of variations in spelling when transliterated into English, it may be an old-fashioned spelling of the same place.Dabbler 17:49, 26 December 2005 (UTC)
 * In fact Srinigar calls the place Srinagar in the first bolded word of the page! Dabbler 17:55, 26 December 2005 (UTC)
 * My guess is Srinagar and Srinigar are one in the same place. They went "A Vowel too far" ;)--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 18:07, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I have confirmed that Srinigar and Srinagar are the same and have proposed a merger on their discussion pages.--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 05:25, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

Alphabet soup of all the Knighthoods in the first sentence
It is an immediate turn-off to read the first sentence as:
 * General Sir Richard Nugent O'Connor, KT , GCB , GBE , DSO , MC , ADC (August 21, 1889 – June 17, 1981) was a...

I don't think Sir Richard ever signed his name like that, and if he did I think one might reconsider the section on how humble he was. :) I personally think it would suffice to just say he received four decorations of knighthood and some other awards...then let the article body provide the details.  But if they *are* to be mentioned by name, it shouldn't be in the first sentence, and not by abbreviation.  See this version ... I'd also think that the redundancy of saying he's a British General would mean we can strike the General in the start.Metaeducation 20:00, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

 * As you are doubtless aware, it is British custom and tradition to put titular abbreviations after the name of notable personnages upon introduction. No, it is not very amenable to casual or non-British readers unfamilar with the practice, but in this case it can be argued appropriate for the subject, as is the use of British spellings and other conventions which Leithp and I have maintained throughout the article. But since these are recent additions, I will go along with your arguement and remove them, at least for now.--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 22:14, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

The correct albeit formal style, as used on other British military officers pages see Claude Auchinleck or Bernard Law Montgomery for examples of his North African contemporaries, would be to include all the important orders and decorations (i.e. up to the MC, ADC is a post not a decoration though sometimes an honorary one as in "ADC to the King"). To do otherwise is a rather petty insult to his memory. Dabbler 05:51, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

 * This would be moot if there should be a standard regarding the application of post-nominal letters on Wikipedia. I propose someone lift this discussion to Manual of Style (biographies) and its talk page, and lobby for a consistent strategy...maybe there's even a template trick that can achieve a compromise.
 * FWIW, my American friends and I feel that leaving them out of the lead makes it seem like the authors of the article took the time to write in "English"! Because I like to avoid redundancy, I would prefer to focus on keeping category tags up to date—they are much more useful.  (For instance, I just used "Category:Knights of the Order of the Bath" to look at the list and see no real current standard). Metaeducation 01:14, 28 December 2005 (UTC)
 * According to Manual of Style (biographies), the initials and awarded titles such as knighthoods etc. should not be in the Title of the article but should be included in the text, especially of British and Commonwealth figures. Dabbler 15:18, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

I triggered a debate about whether Wikipedia has (or should have) a formal policy on the use of post-nominal letters in the first sentence of autobiographical articles. Because this is in no way specific to O'Connor, I have moved the discussion to Manual of Style (biographies) (link)—. Please invite any interested parties to the discussion. Metaeducation 16:59, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

 * As a compromise measure I've moved the "Alpha Soup" of honorifics to Sir Richard's biobox. This should show the General his due respect but avoids redundancy and offending the (in)sensibilities of the typical American reader. Also, as an American myself, statements such as FWIW, my American friends and I feel that leaving them out of the lead makes it seem like the authors of the article took the time to write in "English"! Does not make us look good. But rather arrogant and culturally illiterate. Typing of which, I find your arbitrary move of our discussion here, which IS relevent to this article, to be such. Neither Dabbler nor myself agreed to it. I, personally, do not wish to participate in the debate. I feel I have more productive uses for my time here. --R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 17:35, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I gave my rationale to moving the discussion to the Manual of Style, yet you have not explained how O'Connor is uniquely affected by the post-nominal debate. I feel badly for not being wise to the idea that this was a widespread issue in the first place—my refactor was geared around saying things how I should have initially said them and where I should have said it.  So I'd appreciate it if you put this section of the talk page back to my summary.  Your initiative in working on the bio box is cool—though I hope you don't feel I was trying to pressure you to change this particular article prior to a policy consensus.  I will describe it as a possibility in the Manual of Style discussion, as you claim to not have a particular interest in participating in the debate there. Metaeducation 22:08, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

 * As I've said, I do not mind at all you starting a debate there, but I DO mind you deleteing the one here. This was unnecessary. Also unfair to Dabbler, who made it CLEAR he will be unable to participate further until the new year. I did, restore your "notice" of it, if you will notice. Plus it is clearly an issue which effects THIS article, indeed which grew out of it. So keeping some vestage of it here in its original form is relevent and useful IMHO. I'm glad you approve of my compromise. I hope it meets with the approval of Dabbler and other Commonwealth subjects too--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 20:41, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

NPOV of Assessment Section
This section is important and actually contains an analysis suited to go into the lead, because it's what the casual reader actually cares about. But as written it doesn't sound very academic. Examine statements: This can be condensed and support for his significance can be drawn from his various awards. This strikes me as an appropriate place to be listing what they were, in the lead. See this version Metaeducation 20:00, 26 December 2005 (UTC)
 * "it has also caused him to be largely and unjustly overlooked" (unjust?)
 * "his unfortunate capture" (can't it just say capture?)
 * "Yet he never seemed unduly bitter or resentful" (seemed? unduly?)

 * As I said, all this was discussed earlier when the article was an FAC. The casual reader can skim, explore and take what they will from it. I only wanted to create a readable, enjoyable and sympathetic bio on one of the Second World War's forgotten heroes. I wanted to praise the General, not just bury him in terse prose. The assessment section was needed for this reason. I think it succeeds in being sympathetic without being Hagiographic. It also raises and tries to answer a question fundemental to the article's Wik-istance: Why has O'Connor, given his impressive accomplishments, been largely forgotten? And in doing so it also answers some questions about the man himself, his personality and CHARACHTER. When dealing with such issues, it is very difficult not to be, at least a bit POV. If we did not care about our subjects, one way or another, then why bother writing, or reading, about them at all... --R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 22:54, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

Keeping Focus on O'Connor in lead
If a casual reader is attempting to understand whether to read the rest of the article, it seems that strange details were chosen to put in the lead—such as who O'Connor was imprisoned with. I'm sure O'Connor was around many famous historical figures, but naming one or two breaks continuity. If details of his imprisonment and his escape are truly worth putting in the lead, then perhaps it deserves more intriguing selections in a second paragraph with an appropriate topic sentence. A complete summary of his tour of duty makes a nice opening paragraph in any case. See this version Metaeducation 20:00, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Those were older edits I allowed to stay because 1)They lead the reader into other, related bios on some equally intriguing persons which the casual reader may also enjoy. 2) Many complained during this article's FAC discussion that the lead was "too short". Having a couple of names in helps to pad it out a bit. I know you like to remove what you deem as unneeded and redundant words, but that path does not always lead to an FA. Compromises must be made. So while I removed the word General, I'm keeping Generals De Wiart and Neame in..for now --R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 22:30, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

Changed his name to LESSAR CP
I changed his name to Lessar CP in honor of the royal FLYING DOCTOR SERVICE. LESSAR CP was a doctor during the battle of the atolls. He saved the life of O'connor...

 * Nothing personal, Mortek MC, but you are a loon.--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 22:32, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

You can help (and you did:)
Thanks to all who helped take care of this article while it was on the mainpage. The RC patrol and CV unit truly ROCK most righteously, and I salute you! Once more, thanks --R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 06:09, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

Those post-nominals again
I hate to be a bore, but thewhole point of post-nominal initials should go with the name not isolated off in a corner. If you are going to do that then just write them up in the article, stating when and for what they were awarded. They are an essential part of the full name, not some caption to be squeezed in at a convenient place. I experimented with moving them above the picture with his name but that probably makes them too prominent. Moving his name into the caption area makes that too small. Can we adjust the font sizes or are they fixed somewhere? Dabbler 12:29, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

 * You can increase font size using &, and probably also by using some HTML code that's way over my head. Leithp (talk) 13:23, 4 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I actually moved the initials while making them smaller to the correct place and put them after his name, albeit on a new line.Dabbler 15:00, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

 * It looks fine to me Dabbler...I think Sir Richard would approve. As I stated in our discussion on my talkpage, just so long as they don't appear in BOTH the introductory sentence AND the biobox. That would be a bit much. But you did good, no objections. Cheers--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 04:50, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Personally I do not think it is correct not to use the full General Sir Richard O'Connor at least as that was his legal name/title whilst living. Post nominals should also be included fully.  It is naive to think that anyone on wikipedia has the right to change the styling of an individual in the name of ease or readability.  There are rules as to how to refer to people as decree by the Garter King at Arms and indirectly the Sovereign. Manxy3 19:05, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Why the Order of the Thistle?
While O'Connor is an Irish sounding name, and he is listed under the Irish origin people category. I was wondering why O'Connor was given the Order of the Thistle which is by far the most prestigious Scottish order. Was it for his post-war Scottish church work or just generally being a good Scottish person? If so shouldn't it be explained. Most British generals of the time who weren't given a peerage ended up with the Order of the Bath which O'Connor also received. Dabbler 13:40, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't know about his ancestry but he also joined a Scottish regiment (The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)) when he got his commission, so it seems he had very strong links there. Leith p 13:47, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Fergananim was kind enough and curious enough to do some research into O'Connor's ancestry. Here's what he found: According to Richard Docherty's Ireland's Generals in World War II, "His father, Maurice O'Connor, retired in 1894 but died following an accident in 1903. Up to that point it seems Richard lived at Ballybrock with his parents. However, after Maurice's death, his widow Lillian Morris returned home to Scotland. This is where the strong ties to Scotland come in. Had his father lived, O'Connor would probably have joined his father's unit. Lillian was the daughter of Sir John Morris, KCIS (Knight Commander of the Star of India), who at one time was Governor of India's central provinces." So his mother was Scottish and but for a tragic twist of fate, he might have ended up as a Knight of the Order of St Patrick instead.--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 09:15, 1 February 2006 (UTC)
 * No he wouldn't as they stopped non royal awards in 1922, long before he would have been considered. So he'd have had the Thistle anywayAlci12 16:40, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Reference tag war
As an outsider to editing this article, I'd like to comment on how absurd this article looks to someone wanting to read the article. It is not possible to read with all the "citation needed" tags attached to nearly every sentence. Massive overkill. I think we get the point.

Please someone remove all that nonsense in favor of just tagging it unreferenced at the beginning of the article! I'd do it myself, but it seems this is a petty revert war, and I don't have the desire to be involved in that. Just be sensible and change it for the sake of Wikipedia. Civil Engineer III 13:18, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

Don't blame the players, blame the game....blame WP:WIAFA 1C--70.171.22.74 15:42, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

 * This is a case of Ghost, the primary author of the article, being very upset with how the article has been treated by the FAR-regulars, which is in many ways justified. However, I don't believe the article will in any way be improved with just random fact tagging. I understand and have some sympathies for Ghost's disillusionment over how certain parts of the the community have spoiled the fruits of his hard labor, but I don't believe our readers will benefit from him merely doing the dirty work of the sticklers who made him throw up his hands in the first place. This is a very clear case of WP:POINT. I won't revert any more, but I do encourage others to revert the anon (which appears to be Ghost's) and try to discuss the need for more sources or citation in a level-headed and reasonable manner.
 * Peter Isotalo 18:44, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Reading over this talk page, I believe the fundamental problem is that one user wanted to create "a readable, enjoyable and sympathetic bio on one of the Second World War's forgotten heroes" rather than an objective, sourced collection of facts. Wikipedia is a collaborative, multi-national, multi-lingual project; it is an inferno that boils subtlety into nothingness. The second lesson is that you should never, ever care about the subject. -Ashley Pomeroy 15:49, 11 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Well stated Ashley...that sums up the situation quite nicely. Which is another reason why it is better that this article be purged of all unsouced statements and rewritten. You are, of course, free to use my earler version as a sort of rough draft and the references will still be there at the end so you won't be starting completely from scratch. In the meantime I will continue to remove any uncited materials I find in this article. They have been marked for 2 months now. That is plenty of time for someone who really cares to have done a little homework and backed them up. This article is a derelect old home, which is no longer up to code. Unless repairs are made demolition will proceed. Your choice is simple; either make the needed repairs or get out of the wrecking ball's way. --R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 16:29, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Ashley, to demand that we "never, ever care about the subject" is a very disagreeable concoction of cynicism and impossibly lofty ideals. If prime content was written only by people without passion for the topic, articles would, for a lack of better words, suck ass. The biggest problem here is not someone caring too much, but the asinine and overly techoncratic notion that any random fact statement is guilty of being utter claptrap until proven innocent by the umpteenth footnote.
 * Peter Isotalo 09:45, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

I understand that the article has a lot of needs, as do most of the articles in WP. But adding a bunch of tags throughout the text is thoroughly unnecessary and makes the article unreadable. Why isn't it good enough to have a blanket tag at the beginning of the article?? And why would you revert all of my edits, which many had nothing to do with your agenda? Civil Engineer III 17:56, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Then don't read it. Policy is on my side. This article contains unsourced statements which may be, and have been, removed. If you start proving citations, I will stop removing passages. Peter has the good sense to let it go. You would profit from his example.--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 08:34, 14 August 2007 (UTC)

Request for Comment
This is a dispute about whether to use the tag in lieu of several Fact tags throughout the article.

 * Statements by editors previously involved in the dispute
 * It is not possible to read with all the "citation needed" tags attached to nearly every sentence. Massive overkill. I think we get the point. Please someone remove all that nonsense in favor of just tagging it unreferenced at the beginning of the article!Civil Engineer III 13:18, 3 August 2007 (UTC)
 * ...it is better that this article be purged of all unsouced statements and rewritten. ...I will continue to remove any uncited materials I find in this article. ...Unless repairs are made demolition will proceed.--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 16:29, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
 * ...adding a bunch of tags throughout the text is thoroughly unnecessary and makes the article unreadable. Why isn't it good enough to have a blanket tag at the beginning of the article?? Civil Engineer III 17:56, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Comments
 * To remove all tagged unsourced statements would be unnecessry butchery, IMO. Since someone has taken the trouble to add cn tags, however, it would be courteous and useful to try to clear them. I'll have a go. CN tags may interrupt the flow, but they provide clear pointers and, for me, highlight areas that need attention. Unsatisfied cn tags can be left, IMO, as a prompt and a caution. Folks at 137 05:43, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

Sofa So Good
(As the used furniture salesman said) Just stopped by to offer my congrads on the good work so far. You have added mucho citations (Folks at 137, Mkpumphrey, Kernel Saunters and Kirrages are to be especially commended here:) and Dormskirk has restored the good General's image, well done sir! But there are still LOADS of uncited passages and we have a long ways to go before this article is up to code once more. Progress has been made, albeit slowly, and I'm pleased by your efforts thus far. So I'm granting a temporary reprieve to uncited materials. Keep up the good work! But remember, I'm keeping an eye or two out. I'm a patient man, but if I see too little progress I will commence demolition again with little or no warning. If we can only get this up to A or GA quality, I will be satisfied and let the matter rest. --R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) (talk) 14:06, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

Almost there!
We are almost there! Only a few more cites, mainly at the bottom of the Normandy section, and we will be ready to advance! January 13 2008 was the best day Sir Richard's article has had since December 26 2005. My faith in Wikipedia's processes and power structure may have been shattered beyond repair, but my faith in all the many, fine editors labouring away in the trenches remains intact and has been further reinforced by all your fine efforts here. It has been a long time since I've been as plesantly surprised by anything here on the WP. Thank you! And here's to the final push!--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) (talk) 14:45, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

Origins
In Desert War (page 144 of my edition) Alan Moorehead calls O'Connor "this little Irishman". Were his parents Irish?--L'irlandés (talk) 19:18, 15 August 2008 (UTC)

 * The talk page section above titled "Why the Order of the Thistle?" should answer your question. Leithp 16:49, 16 August 2008 (UTC)

Thanks Leithp, I hadn't read it.--L'irlandés (talk) 10:22, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

O'Connor on The World At War
I regretfully confess that it has been over 2 decades since I last viewed The World At War in its entirety. Now thanks to the wonder that is the infobahn, I'm sitting here watching General O'Connor frankly and modestly discussing his role in the North African campaign (starting at 3:22). He turned what was intended to be a 4 day offensive into a 2 month long blitzkrieg that damn near ended in total victory! Yet he blames only himself for failing to push on to Tripoli following Compass (at 6:16). I found myself respectfully telling his recorded image that it was no more his fault that Hitler invaded Greece than it was Auchinleck's that Singapore surrendered.

You can also see in this interview a reason why he never made Field Marshall- He didn't try to take credit for everything that went right, nor pass the blame for anything that went wrong. In part 2 at 00:34 you can hear him discuss his capture. The only reliable source (by Wikipedia standards) I can find for this remarkable footage is the IMDB link which I have added. I strongly urge everyone reading this to go see The World At War. In fact there should be a law making it required viewing in schools and requiring it to be internationally broadcast at least once a year.--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) (talk) 20:25, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Relevant episode here:  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.150.11.207 (talk) 15:56, 4 September 2016 (UTC)

 * Thanks for that update, the link had gone bad. You know, with a little more work it would not take much to get this up to Good Article status. Should you, or anyone who still cares reading this, decide to do so you can count on my support. Cheers,--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) (talk) 00:08, 8 September 2016 (UTC)

 * Updated link here; - boxed picture I'm afraid but better than nothing.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.150.10.137 (talk) 14:18, 3 April 2018 (UTC)

My father, Philip Parry, served under Sir Richard O'Connor in Palestine.
Philip Parry (1917 - 2006) was part of Sir O'Connor's security detail while he was British Military Governor of Jerusalem. I was told many stories about O'Connor, the man. My father (who moved to South Africa in 1952) and Sir O'Connor stayed in constant touch with each other until Sir O'Connor's death in June 1981. In May 1981 my father and I went to England to attend the 100th FA Cup Final and it was during that visit that I met Sir O'Connor for the first time. We also met up with Sir O'Connor's step son, Jamie O'Connor in Edinburgh. Sir O'Connor told me that my father was the only person that he trusted enough to let Jamie go with into the desert while on active military business that sometimes included combat. Our family has many photo's of their desert trips, including Colonel Collingwood, who was in charge of Sir O'Connor's security while in Palestine. We also have numerous letters written to my father from Sir Richard O'Connor. My father had nothing but honorable words to say about Sir Richard O'Connor.

Michael W Parry (talk) 19:34, 5 October 2010 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 04:22, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

Capitalization of job titles
You say this was discussed long ago but do not say where. That discussion apparently did not find its way to MOS:MILTERMS and MOS:JOBTITLES, which say that job titles (military or other) that are common nouns are not capitalized unless they serve as a person's name or part of it. The jobs adjutant general, aide-de camp general and commander are lower case in dictionaries, both British and American, and they are also lower case in their WP articles. I think any differences in capitalization of UK vs US job titles are imagined, and would certainly be mentioned in the MoS if they were consistent and important. Please restore my changes. Chris the speller  yack  05:27, 9 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Never mind. I will restore my changes as they conform to the guidance that the MoS provides. If you still disagree, you can go to the MoS talk page and see if you can get a consensus to change them. I expect that would be an uphill fight. Chris the speller   yack  03:10, 12 April 2017 (UTC)
 * I agree with speller and the MOS on this. I looked in British books for some of these, and they appear lowercase about as often of uppercase, like most other job titles and like in US books.  So follow our own guidance and avoid unnecessary caps. Dicklyon (talk) 14:27, 12 April 2017 (UTC)

I have no desire to engage with anal, amateur pedants...it would be a (further) waste of our time. Your small minds are clearly made up and no argument I could make would convince you self-appointed Style-atollahs otherwise. Anymore than I could convince Randy in Boise that skeleton warriors were not at the Battle of Thermopylae. Likewise, my mind is made up and none of your But the MoS says so! (at the moment) arguments can convince me otherwise. I know how it would play out then...the conflict would continue, a (b)admin would become involved and I would be threatened and blocked for not backing down and accepting the consensus of the discordian mob. I built this article from stub to featured status. I fought in vain when it was de featured after the style changed and inline cites became de rigueur mortis. In the decade plus since then I have tried, with the help of many fine folks whose names appear here on this page and in the edit history, to maintain it in a quality state. I've done more than enough...my work here is finished. I am removing this article from my watch list. Please feel free to fuck it up however much you like.

I do have some parting advice, however. Please examine your lives (or lack thereof). Between you, you have on the order of half a million edits...and what do you have to show for it, really? Surely you gents can find more positive and pleasant outlets for your OCD than the internet's largest truck stop restroom wall and time sink. A decade ago there was an excellent article called Sandcastles of Knowledge. Those three words describe Wikipedia perfectly. Our lifetimes are finite...the time we waste here is gone forever. You are not helping to create something for the ages here, merely something that will last only until some other pair of hands comes along to alter it or some other pair of feet comes to kick it down or the tide comes to wash it away. R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) (talk) 06:41, 14 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Thanks for that philosophy lesson; I shall give it all due consideration. Dicklyon (talk) 04:24, 16 April 2017 (UTC)

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Photograph in use
There is a photograph on this page with the original caption 'Brytyjski generał Sir Richard O' Connor w niewoli niemieckiej; Afryka Północna.', or 'British General Sir Richard O'Connor in German captivity; North Africa.'.

Clearly General O'Connor was captured during this campaign, but this photo looks highly suspicious. I'm not convinced this was taken of O'Connor in captivity. Even for a senior officer, his uniform is spotless and correct, he is flanked by another British officer (also correctly dressed) and local people, and he is wearing Sam Browne and sword - hardly likely to be items he was captured with, or allowed to retain even as a captured general? He also appears to be making a speech - not exactly first on the list of activities allowed to prisoners-of-war? This looks far more plausible as a photograph of an event pre-capture - perhaps I am wrong and he was captured with full uniform and the Germans tolerated him wearing his sword in captivity but I would be very dubious. 86.24.94.156 (talk) 11:15, 30 August 2022 (UTC)

Proposal for changing the description of the first captivity photo
While I am absolutely loving this picture, and I think it should remain, albeit under different caption, I agree with the previous poster that it doesn't show O'Connor in captivity. I additionally think that it was taken in the period between september 1938, when he was promoted to major-general (as confirmed by the collar tabs visible in the photo), and april 1941, when he was captured, probably even during his time in Palestine. As it is defined on the sites where it is currently available, it's authorship is usually captioned as "Presse-Illustrationen Heinrich Hoffmann". Hoffmann, being Hitler's personal photographer, never set foot in north africa, but was involved with several German news photo agencies, literally equivalent of today's Getty images, where this very photo is incidentally available. So in my opinion, this was used as stock photo of O'Connor in German newspapers to illustrate the news of him being captured. Gmalcic (talk) 13:18, 24 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Richard O'Connor


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Hebdomad

Hebdomad (ἑβδομάς) may refer to:

 * On Hebdomads, a work of the Hippocratic Corpus
 * Hebdomad, a term used by Neoplatonist philosophers such as Iamblichus and Proclus in reference to the intellect
 * The Hebdomad, the seven world-creating archons in most Gnostic systems: see Archon (Gnosticism)
 * On Hebdomads (De hebdomadibus), a work of the Neoplatonist Boethius commented upon by Thomas Aquinas, in which the hebdomads are common mental conceptions or axioms
 * The Celestial Hebdomad, the archons who make up the ruling council of Mount Celestia in Dungeons & Dragons

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hebdomad


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WVPH

WVPH (90.3 FM, "The Core") is Piscataway, New Jersey's community and student-run radio station.

Background
The slogan is "Many voices, one station", and is a commercial free, freeform radio station, where the disc jockey can play and say whatever they want, as long as it goes by FCC rules and regulations (such as no on air profanity).

It is a broadcasting agreement between the former WRLC AM station from Rutgers, Livingston College and WVPH-FM from Piscataway High School. The two institutions combined forces in 1997 to create an educational opportunity and provide an outlet for both entertainment and information. This radio station is self-governed with help from the two schools and the community. It is student-run, and community members can join the station as DJs.

WVPH's transmitter is now located on a communications tower on the Livingston campus of Rutgers University. It was previously located on the roof of Piscataway High School. The transmitter was moved on October 6, 2007, following a day of stunting that led up to the transmitter move. The new coverage area reaches over 85% more people than the old coverage area.

In 2009, The Core conducted a live three-day broadcast from the All Points West Festival in Jersey City, New Jersey. DJs facilitated interviews and organized performances in the facility..

The Core has won awards for several years from the Intercollegiate Broadcasting System.

Music
The Core has several music departments including: Rock, Heavy (Metal Music), Electronic, Hip Hop, R&B, Blues, Jazz, Local, and World. Being located near New Brunswick, a college town, the Core is well known among students, as well as the underground music scene.

Many local bands have affiliated themselves with the Core, by recording in the studio, performing in Core-organized concerts, or joining the Core as DJs. The music departments are in charge of contacting promoters for new music, reviewing albums, and adding albums into the musical playlists. New music comes in from promoters, either in digital or physical disk form. It is then reviewed and added into the WideOrbit system by the music departments as a playlist, which is a database that allows DJs to play songs on command in addition to pre-recorded announcements, PSAs, and IDs. Each DJ show (unless it is a specialty show) is required to play 6 different playlist songs every hour, which helps diversify the music listened to by the jockeys.

The music departments as well as any DJ is allowed to review albums, review concerts, and interview artists.

Some bands that have been affiliated with the Core include: Japanese Breakfast, The Hotelier, Petal, and A Great Big Pile of Leaves.

Corefest
Every year since 2011, the Core hosts a music festival at Rutgers called Corefest, with headlines, subheadliners, and local bands.

title: WVPH


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Old Time Baseball

Old Time Baseball is a 1995 baseball video game designed and programmed by Don Daglow, Hudson Piehl, Clay Dreslough, and James Grove. It was developed and published for MS-DOS by Stormfront Studios. Built on the Tony La Russa Baseball engine, Old Time Baseball includes complete lineups of every major league team from 1871 to 1981, totaling 12,000 players.

Teams
Players can replay historical seasons from every major league in baseball history:
 * National Association
 * National League
 * American Association
 * Union Association
 * Players' League
 * American League
 * Federal League

In addition to playing with historical teams, users can build their own teams, and pit any team (custom or historical) against any other.

Ballparks
Many of the historical ballparks were built based on actual old construction blueprints.
 * Ebbets Field, former home of the Brooklyn Dodgers. The famous "hit this spot, win a suit" ad and the Schaefer's Beer sign are included on the outfield walls.
 * Old Comiskey Park, at that time scheduled for demolition by the Chicago White Sox.
 * Crosley Field, former home of the Cincinnati Reds.
 * Fenway Park, as it appeared in the heyday of Ted Williams, Johnny Pesky and Bobby Doerr.
 * Polo Grounds, former home of the New York Giants, with its cavernous center field where Willie Mays caught the famous Vic Wertz drive in the 1954 World Series.
 * Shibe Park, former home of both the Philadelphia Phillies and the Philadelphia Athletics.
 * Sportsman's Park, former home of the St. Louis Cardinals and St. Louis Browns, where more games were played than any other park in history.
 * Wrigley Field, from the days of Ernie Banks and Ron Santo.
 * Yankee Stadium, in its pre-1970s form with the short right field porch and spacious left field.

Announcers
Users can select between play by play announcers Mel Allen, of the New York Yankees, and Curt Gowdy, who did network broadcasts for many years in addition to announcing for the Boston Red Sox.

Baseball Time Machine
Baseball Time Machine allows users to play any game in any individual year from 1871 through the present. This includes games in unique times like 1930, when baseball sought to lure fans during the Depression and juiced the ball so much that the batting average for baseball overall surpassed .300. The following year the ball was returned to more typical physics.

Other popular "let's see what happens" years for players are 1871. When the game visually looked more like softball, and 1942–45. When World War II stripped the major leagues of most of its established players.

The Baseball Time Machine allows players to try to resolve the most famous baseball arguments of all time, what would happen if Sandy Koufax pitched to Babe Ruth. How would the 1927 Yankees do against the Big Red Machine?

The game also offers the chance to play games in any of six different major baseball eras:
 * 1871–1892 -- Early Baseball, when the field dimensions were different and pitchers threw the ball softball-style, underhanded.
 * 1893–1919 -- The Dead Ball Era, when the pitcher's mound location and pitching style matched modern baseball, but the ball was marginally softer and would not fly as far. During this era it was routine for 10 home runs to be the league leader's total. A majority of those might be inside the park home runs that were the result of speed, not power.
 * 1920–1945 -- The Babe Ruth Era, when then-pitcher Ruth changed the game by his tremendous power. The live ball replaced the dead ball as baseball sought to make fans forget the Black Sox Scandal.
 * 1946–1960 -- The Golden Age, when post-war optimism, television, and the integration of baseball by Jackie Robinson, Larry Doby and Branch Rickey created a new level of success for the game.
 * 1961–1976 -- The Expansion Era, when baseball added many new teams, both increasing its influence and diluting its talent even as other sports like American football, basketball, and ice hockey eroded its dominance of TV sports.
 * 1977–1995 -- Modern Baseball, when continued expansion and the Free Agency created by the growth of the players union continued to change the game.

Development
Daglow had written the basic mathematical models for the Baseball Time Machine in an unpublished 1980 game with the working title Apple Baseball, an extension of his Baseball game which he wrote on the then-new Apple II before joining the Intellivision game design team.

title: Old Time Baseball


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Talk:St. Clement's Island State Park

Apostrophe in state park name?
My research shows it is proper to put the apostrophe in the name of the island (even though many map sources omit it). However, the Maryland Dept. of Natural Resources website is inconsistent in the proper name for the state park. The main page for the park omits it (St. Clements Island), other pages have it (St. Clement's Island). Given the confusion, I decided to spell the state park name identically with the island's name. — Eoghanacht  talk 19:17, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:St. Clement's Island State Park


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Joe Kapp

Joseph Robert Garcia Kapp (March 19, 1938 – May 8, 2023) was an American football player, coach, and executive. He played college football as a quarterback for the California Golden Bears. Kapp played professionally in the Canadian Football League (CFL) with the Calgary Stampeders and the BC Lions and then in the National Football League (NFL) with the Minnesota Vikings and the Boston Patriots. Kapp led the BC Lions to their first Grey Cup Championship victory in 1964. With the Vikings, he led them to victory in the 1969 NFL Championship Game, the only league championship in team history. Kapp returned to his alma mater as head coach of the Golden Bears from 1982 to 1986. He was the general manager and president of the BC Lions in 1990.

Kapp is a member of the Canadian Football Hall of Fame, the BC Sports Hall of Fame, the BC Lions Wall of Fame, the College Football Hall of Fame, and the University of California Athletic Hall of Fame. Kapp's #22 jersey is one of eight numbers retired by the Lions. In November 2006, Kapp was voted to the Honour Roll of the CFL's top 50 players of the league's modern era by Canadian sports network TSN. Sports Illustrated once called him "The Toughest Chicano". Kapp is the only player to play quarterback in the Super Bowl, Rose Bowl, and the Grey Cup.

Early life
Kapp was born in Santa Fe, New Mexico, to mother Florence García, of Mexican-American heritage, and father of German descent. He was raised in California, in the San Fernando Valley and Salinas, where he played quarterback for Hart High School in Newhall, now a part of Santa Clarita.

Kapp played college football at the University of California, Berkeley, where he led the California Golden Bears to a Pacific Coast Conference championship in 1958 and the Rose Bowl, where they lost to Iowa. This remains California's most recent Rose Bowl appearance. Kapp was named an All-American, and was also awarded the W. J. Voit Memorial Trophy in 1958 as the outstanding football player on the Pacific Coast. A two-sport athlete and fraternity member of Kappa Alpha Order in college, he also played on the basketball team and was a member of the 1956–57 and 1957–58 squads that won the Pacific Coast Conference championships. He earned a bachelor's degree in physical education from the university in 1959. Kapp held the UC Berkeley record for most rushing yards by a quarterback until Chase Garbers broke it in 2021.

Canadian Football League
The Washington Redskins selected Kapp in the 18th round of the 1959 NFL Draft, giving them his rights to play professional football in the United States. After the draft, Washington did not contact him, so his only choice was to accept the offer from Jim Finks, the general manager of the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

Kapp joined the Calgary Stampeders of the CFL for his rookie season in 1959. The following year, Kapp led Calgary to their first playoff appearance in years. The season was a difficult one, because he injured his knee against the Toronto Argonauts early in the season, but did not miss any games, because he played heavily taped.

In 1961, the BC Lions, then the CFL's newest franchise, traded four starting players to the Calgary Stampeders for Joe Kapp. The move paid off for the Lions when Kapp led the team to a Grey Cup appearance in 1963. The following season, Kapp led the Lions to their first Grey Cup victory in 1964. However, the Lions proved unable to defend their championship in 1965.

By that time, Kapp had proved he was an elite quarterback, and also developed the reputation of being a tough player and a great leader. While most quarterbacks dislike being hit, Kapp was the opposite. He loved to hit and when he took off on a run he'd try to run over defenders.

Before the 1967 CFL season, Kapp made the decision to return to the U.S. to play pro football. The AFL's Oakland Raiders, San Diego Chargers, and Houston Oilers were heavily pursuing him.

Kapp ended up signing with the NFL's Minnesota Vikings in a multi-player "trade" between the CFL and NFL teams, one of the very few transactions to ever occur between the two leagues.

The Minnesota Vikings in 1965 had drafted running back Jim Young out of Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. He had spent the 1965 and 1966 seasons with the Vikings, but wanted to return to Canada. The BC Lions were very interested in acquiring Young, but the Toronto Argonauts had his CFL rights.

The Minnesota Vikings general manager was Jim Finks, who had brought Kapp to Canada in 1959, and their head coach was Bud Grant, who had faced Kapp while coaching the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. Both Finks and Grant thought Joe Kapp would be the best replacement for Fran Tarkenton, who had been traded to the New York Giants. To make this transaction possible, the BC Lions traded all-star defensive lineman Dick Fouts, and future Canadian Football Hall of Fame running back Bill Symons to Toronto for the CFL rights to future Canadian Football Hall of Fame wide receiver Jim Young. They then managed to get Kapp waived out of the CFL. The Vikings managed to waive Jim Young out of the NFL, which allowed the BC Lions to sign him. The expanding New Orleans Saints wanted Young and it took some work from Finks to keep them from claiming Young. Kapp, now waived from the CFL, was free to sign with the Vikings, who had previously claimed his NFL playing rights from Washington.

National Football League
In 1967, Kapp's first season in the NFL, he started 11 of 14 games for the Vikings, compiling an unusual record of 3 wins, 5 losses and 3 ties. Kapp completed only 47 percent of his pass attempts with 8 touchdowns and 17 interceptions. Kapp also scored two rushing touchdowns. Of note, the team was winless without Kapp starting at quarterback. The Green Bay Packers won the division (and the Super Bowl).

In 1968, Kapp led Minnesota to their first ever playoff appearance, losing to the favored Baltimore Colts, 24–14. The Colts were upset a few weeks later by the New York Jets in Super Bowl III.

Early in the 1969 season, Kapp tied an all-time record when he threw for seven touchdown passes against the defending NFL champion Colts on September 28. He is tied with seven other players (Sid Luckman, Adrian Burk, George Blanda, Y. A. Tittle, Nick Foles, Peyton Manning, and Drew Brees). Kapp led the Vikings to a 12–2 record, and a berth in Super Bowl IV after defeating the Los Angeles Rams 23–20 in the Western Conference championship game, and the Cleveland Browns 27–7 in the last non-Super Bowl NFL Championship game. However, he was unable to lead the team to victory in the Super Bowl, as the Vikings lost 23–7 to the Kansas City Chiefs. On July 20, 1970, Sports Illustrated dubbed Kapp "The Toughest Chicano" on the cover of its weekly magazine. He received the team MVP, but refused the team MVP award, saying, "There is no one most valuable Viking. There are 40 most valuable Vikings."

Prior to the 1969 season, the Vikings had exercised the option clause of his contract, so Kapp had played the entire season without a new contract. It was unusual for teams to use the team's option and not to offer a new contract prior to a season. This dispute made him a free agent for the season, by the NFL's own rules.

Despite Kapp being a Super Bowl quarterback, no team in the NFL made contact with him until after the start of the 1970 regular season, when the Boston Patriots (1–1) signed him on October 2 to a four-year contract,  making him the highest paid player in the league. The Patriots gave up defensive back John Charles and a 1972 first round draft pick (which was used to select linebacker Jeff Siemon) as compensation to the Vikings. His first appearance for Boston was on October 11 at Kansas City, relieving starter Mike Taliaferro in the third quarter of a 23–10 loss.

The Patriots of 1970 were a poor-performing team and the late-arriving Kapp played poorly himself that season, leading the team to the 26-team league's worst record at 2–12. When the year ended, Rozelle demanded that Kapp sign a standard player contract. After conferring with his lawyer and the NFL Players Association, Kapp refused to sign.

With the top pick in the 1971 NFL Draft, the Patriots selected quarterback Jim Plunkett of Stanford, the winner of the Heisman Trophy. Kapp reported to the newly renamed New England Patriots' training camp in 1971, refused to sign a standard contract, and departed. The headlines in the Boston papers read "KAPP QUITS!". After this incident Kapp never played again; his 12-year career as a professional football player was over.

Kapp started an anti-trust lawsuit vs. the NFL, claiming the standard NFL contract was unconstitutional and a restraint of trade. He won the summary judgment after four years. The court had ruled that Kapp's trade was indeed restrained. It was two years later (April 1, 1976) in the trial for damages, that the jury decided that Kapp was not damaged.

Although Kapp was not awarded any damages, in 1977 the rules at issue in the Kapp case were later revised, a new system was instituted, and a multimillion-dollar settlement was made between the NFL and the NFL Players Association.

Acting career
In the 1970s and early 1980s, Kapp appeared in several television programs as well as theatrical film titles. In most cases, the character roles were minor. Programs included Ironside, The Six Million Dollar Man, Adam-12, Emergency!, Police Woman, Captains and the Kings, and Medical Center. Movies included Climb An Angry Mountain (1972), The World's Greatest Athlete (1973), The Longest Yard (1974), Breakheart Pass (1975), Two-Minute Warning (1976), Smash-Up on Interstate 5 (1976), Semi-Tough (1977), The Frisco Kid (1979), and Off Sides (Pigs vs. Freaks) (1984).

California head coach
In 1982, Kapp was hired as the head football coach at his alma mater, the University of California, Berkeley. He had never coached before.

In December 1981, Kapp made a promise to the football team that he would not consume any of his favorite alcoholic beverage, tequila, until the Golden Bears reached the Rose Bowl, which they did not under Kapp; indeed, as of 2022, the Golden Bears have yet to return to the Rose Bowl – they were Pac-10 co-champions in 2006 but a loss to USC sent them to the Holiday Bowl instead (in a 1994 interview, Kapp stated that he had resorted to drinking rum instead).

Kapp had several philosophies while coaching at Cal. He called his special teams the "special forces." He told his players to play "One hundred percent for 60 minutes." He also wanted the players to have fun. On Sundays, he would have his players play a game of "garbazz", described as a mix of basketball and football where the only objective is to pass the ball downfield. There are no football rules such as offsides or forward passes.

In his first year as head coach in 1982, the Golden Bears improved from 2–9 the year before to 7–4, and he was voted the Pac-10 Conference Coach of the Year. The 1982 season concluded with The Play, the famous five-lateral kickoff return by Cal to score the winning touchdown on the final play of the Big Game against archrival Stanford.

During the 1986 season, the Bears lost to Boston College, defeated Washington State, then lost to San Jose State. Following an embarrassing 50–18 loss at Washington on October 4, Kapp expressed frustration unzipping his pants in front of the Seattle media. He was notified that he would be released after the Big Game, played in Berkeley. The Bears responded to the student section's pre-game chants of "Win one for the zipper" by beating the Gator Bowl-bound #16 Cardinal 17–11, which gave Kapp a 3–2 record in the Big Game. He was carried off the field by his players, amid chanting from the student section, "We want Kapp!"

General manager of the BC Lions
In an effort to recapture their past glory, the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL) hired Kapp as the team's new general manager in 1990. Kapp's tenure was marked by his tendency to recruit ex-NFL players such as Mark Gastineau whose best football days had passed. Kapp was fired eleven games into the Lions' schedule; his most valuable legacy was the signing of quarterback Doug Flutie, who would blossom into a star in the CFL during the 1990s.

Sacramento Attack head coach
In 1992, Kapp was named the head coach of the Arena Football League's Los Angeles Wings, but the franchise never came into existence in Los Angeles, and moved to Sacramento as the Attack. The franchise went 4–6 under Kapp, losing in the first round of the playoffs to the Detroit Drive. After the season, the franchise moved to Miami, Florida.

Personal life
Kapp lived in Los Gatos, California, and made himself available as a guest speaker. He had a wife, four children, and four grandchildren. He was one of the owners of Kapp's Pizza Bar & Grill in Mountain View, California, which contained memorabilia from his career and closed in 2015. His son, Will, followed in his footsteps as a fullback at UC Berkeley. In 2015, grandson Frank Kapp continued the Cal football tradition as a freshman tight end with the Golden Bears.

Kapp and fellow Canadian Football Hall of Fame player Angelo Mosca came to blows at a 2011 Canadian Football League Alumni luncheon. The source of the bad blood between Kapp and Mosca was a hit Mosca made on Kapp's teammate Willie Fleming in the 1963 Grey Cup game. The hit, which Kapp and many others considered dirty, forced Fleming out of the game. Mosca's Tiger-Cats defeated Kapp's Lions 21–10 for the 1963 championship.

Health and death
In February 2016, the San Jose Mercury News reported that Kapp was suffering from Alzheimer's disease. He died from complications of the disease at a care facility in San Jose, California, on May 8, 2023, at age 85.

College
Source:

title: Joe Kapp


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MLB Slugfest

MLB Slugfest is a series of baseball games developed by Sports Mogul, Gratuitous Games and Midway Games, and released by Midway Games for major console systems such as PlayStation 2, GameCube, and Xbox. The game bills itself as a more "street" style baseball game, including more mature / aggressive themes, the ability to attack other players, and urban-styled in-game commentary.

The series' emphasis on exaggerated, arcade-style gameplay as opposed to realistic simulations, can be compared to Midway's own NFL Blitz and NHL Hitz games, which were also having entries released around the same time.

Currently, there are four games in the series: MLB Slugfest 20-03, MLB Slugfest 20-04, MLB Slugfest: Loaded and MLB Slugfest 2006.

Loaded is the only baseball game in history to receive a Teen rating from the ESRB.

Slugfest 2006, the newest version of the four, has inspired a cult-following based on its glitches and overall hijinks.

The announcers in the game are Tim Kitzrow, who also voiced the announcer in the NHL Hitz, NBA Jam, and the NFL Blitz series and Jimmy Shorts who is voiced by Kevin Matthews.

title: MLB Slugfest


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Haustrum (anatomy)

The haustra (: haustrum) of the colon are the small pouches caused by sacculation (sac formation), which give the colon its segmented appearance. The teniae coli run the length of the colon. A proposed explanation for the existence of haustra is that the colon becomes sacculated between the teniae coli because the taenia coli are shorter than the colon, however, it is now more commonly accepted that haustra form because of enteric nervous system activity.

Haustral contractions are slow segmenting, uncoordinated movements that occur approximately every 25 minutes. One haustrum distends as it fills with chyme, which stimulates muscles to contract, pushing the contents to the next haustrum. Also see peristalsis.

There is a wider distance between haustra than between the circular folds of the small intestine, and the haustra do not reach around the entire circumference of the intestine, in contrast to circular folds of the small intestine that do. These differences can assist in distinguishing the small intestine from the colon on an abdominal X-ray.

Clinical significance
Widespread loss of haustra is a sign of chronic ulcerative colitis. Localized ahaustral distended colon can be seen on abdominal x-ray during obstruction or volvulus.

Sigmoidal volvolus, more often seen in psychiatric and neurologically impaired patients (e.g. Parkinson's disease), shows lack of haustra on x-ray and points from the pelvis to the right upper quadrant just below the diaphragm.

title: Haustrum (anatomy)


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Maria Reynolds

Maria Reynolds (née Lewis; March 30, 1768 – March 25, 1828) was the wife of James Reynolds, and was Alexander Hamilton's mistress between 1791 and 1792. She became the object of much scrutiny after the release of the Reynolds Pamphlet and central in America's first political sex scandal.

Early life
Maria Reynolds, born as Maria Lewis, was born in New York City on March 30, 1768, the daughter of Susanna Van Der Burgh and her second husband Richard Lewis. She had six half-siblings, including Col. Lewis DuBois and Captain Henry DuBois, and five full siblings, at least two of whom (older sisters named Susannah and Sarah) lived to adulthood. The Lewises do not appear to have been well-off: Richard Lewis was a merchant and/or laborer, and could not sign his name. Susanna Van Der Burgh Lewis, however, could write at least her name, and Maria Lewis grew up literate, but largely uneducated. On July 28, 1783, when she was age 15, Maria Lewis married James Reynolds. Reynolds had served in the Revolutionary War in the commissary department, and was older than Maria by at least several years. After the war, he tried frequently to claim damages and obtain reimbursement from the government. Maria had one child with Reynolds, a daughter named Susan, born August 18, 1785, later baptized in October.

The Hamilton affair
At some point before 1791, James Reynolds moved with Maria and their daughter from New York to Philadelphia. It was there in summer 1791 that 23-year-old Maria visited 34-year-old Hamilton at his Philadelphia residence and asked for help, claiming her abusive husband had abandoned her. Due to Hamilton's political office, he could very easily help her move back to New York City. Hamilton organized a meeting for later that evening to give Maria the money. Once Hamilton arrived at the boarding house where Maria was lodging, she brought him upstairs and led him into her bedroom, where he recounts that "Some conversation ensued from which it was quickly apparent that other than pecuniary consolation would be acceptable”. Thus beginning the infamous Reynolds Affair.

During summer and fall 1791, Maria and Hamilton continued the affair while Hamilton's wife, Eliza, and their children were in Albany, visiting her parents. A short time into the affair, Maria informed Hamilton that her husband had sought a reconciliation with her, to which she agreed without ending the affair with Hamilton. She then obtained an interview for James Reynolds, who applied to Hamilton for a position in the Treasury Office, which Hamilton refused. After Hamilton had shown unequivocal signs that he wanted to end the affair on December 15, 1791, Maria sent him a letter warning of Reynolds's anger over the supposed discovery of the affair: "I have not the time to tell you the cause of my present troubles; only that Mr. Reynolds has wrote you this morning and I know not whether you have got the letter or not and he has swore that if you do not answer, or if he does not see or hear from you today, he will write to Mrs. Hamilton. He has just gone out and I am alone. I think you had better come here one moment that you may know the cause, then you will the better know how to act. Oh, my God, I feel more for you than myself and wish I had never been born to give you so much unhappiness. Do not respond to him; not even a line. Come here soon. Do not send or leave any thing in his power." From December 15 to December 19, 1791, Reynolds sent threatening letters to Hamilton, and after a personal meeting instead of seeking redress from dueling, he asked for financial compensation. Hamilton complied, paying to Reynolds the requested $1,000 and discontinuing the affair, as he had wished to do for some time. However, on January 17, 1792, Reynolds wrote to Hamilton inviting him to renew his visits to his wife. Maria, most likely manipulated into the scheme, also began to write to Hamilton whenever her husband was out of the house and seduced him anew. After each of these exchanges, Reynolds would write to Hamilton under the guise of being friends, and Hamilton would, in return, send $30. Hamilton's last "loan" of the $50 to James Reynolds, and possibly the end of the affair, dates in June 1792.

In November 1792, James Reynolds, after illegally purchasing Revolutionary War soldiers' pensions and back-pay claims, was imprisoned for forgery with Virginian Jacob Clingman, his partner in crime. Reynolds wrote to Hamilton, who refused to help and likewise rejected Maria's letters and requests for further money. Clingman then informed Hamilton's Democratic-Republican rivals that Reynolds had information against the Treasury Secretary. James Monroe, Frederick Muhlenberg, and Abraham Venable visited Reynolds in jail, where Reynolds hinted at some unspecified public misconduct on Hamilton's part whose details he promised to expose after coming out of prison, only to disappear immediately after his release on December 12, 1792. The congressmen also personally interviewed Maria who corroborated her husband's accusations of speculation against Hamilton by producing the notes in Hamilton's disguised hand that had accompanied his payments to Reynolds.

On December 15, 1792, Monroe, Venable, and Muhlenberg went to Hamilton with the evidence they had gathered and confronted him on the possible charge of speculation. Fearful of what a scandal could do to his career, Hamilton admitted to the affair with Maria, proved with the letters from both Maria and James Reynolds that his payments to Reynolds related to the blackmail over his adultery, and not to treasury misconduct and asked them to keep the information private as he was innocent of any public wrongdoing. They agreed, although Monroe created copies of the letters and sent them to Thomas Jefferson. John Beckley also created copies of the correspondence. Clingman, on January 1, 1793, declared to Monroe that Maria claimed that the affair had been invented as a cover for the speculation scheme. However, the letter from Colonel Jeremiah Wadsworth to Hamilton dated 2 August 1797 relates how during Reynolds's detention in November–December 1792 Maria had applied to both Wadsworth and Governor General Thomas Mifflin. In the attempt to convince them to help her obtain her husband's release from prison, Maria spontaneously told both of them the story of her first acquaintance and following "amour" with Hamilton in words that match Hamilton's description of their first encounter as reported in both the first draft of the Reynolds Pamphlet of July 1797 (before Wadsworth's letter) and the printed version, also dated July 1797, as well as James Reynolds’ first letter to Hamilton.

Historian Tilar J. Mazzeo has advanced a theory that the affair never happened. Outside of The Reynolds Pamphlet, there is no evidence that the affair occurred. Others connected with the scandal, from James Monroe to Maria Reynolds herself, said that it was a cover-up for a financial scandal. Hamilton never produced the manuscript copies of Maria's letters, though the newspapers and Maria both suggested obtaining a handwriting sample. Hamilton said that they had been placed with a friend of his, who claimed that he had never seen them, suggesting that the letters could have been forged. The newspaper writers also pointed out that Maria's letters correctly spell long, complex words, and yet sometimes misspelled simple words in a way that makes no phonetic sense. Thomas Jefferson's biographer, Julian P. Boyd, stated that the letters could resemble what an educated man believed an uneducated woman's love letters to look like.

Divorce and second marriage
In 1793, Maria enlisted the aid of Aaron Burr and successfully petitioned for a divorce from Reynolds. Before obtaining the divorce she had gone to live with Virginian Jacob Clingman — whom she later married in 1795 - who had also been a partner in crime in Reynolds' speculations. He had been arrested with him in November 1792. She took up residence in Alexandria, Virginia.

The "Reynolds Pamphlet" and aftermath
In summer 1797, journalist James T. Callender published a collection of pamphlets entitled The History of the United States for 1796, in which he promised to uncover public wrongdoing on Hamilton's part. On August 25, 1797, unwilling to let the charges of public misconduct lie, Hamilton published what is known as The Reynolds Pamphlet, a 95-page account of Hamilton's affair with Maria and the blackmail scheme set up by her husband. After the Pamphlet was released, Maria was publicly scorned and she and her second husband decided to move to Britain. Having returned to Philadelphia without Clingman some years later, she went by the name of Maria Clement. No record of her divorce from Clingman has been found. Soon thereafter, she became the housekeeper of Dr. Mathew. A merchant by the name of Peter Grotjan in 1842 reported that he had met Maria many years earlier. She had apparently told him that she had written a pamphlet of her own, giving her side of the story that Hamilton had told in his Reynolds Pamphlet. If Maria's pamphlet existed, it was never published. In 1800, her daughter Susan was sent to a Boston boarding school with the help of Congressman William Eustis, who had been petitioned by Aaron Burr to help the girl.

Later life
In 1806, Maria married Dr. Mathew, for whom she had worked as a housekeeper. In 1808, Susan Reynolds came to live with her mother, and spent several years with her in Philadelphia. Susan was married several times, but never happily. However, she birthed two daughters: Josepha Philips, whom Maria raised from age 12, after Susan's death at age 39. Described by her acquaintance Peter Grotjan as "highly amiable and handsome," Maria Reynolds, now Mathew, became highly respected with her marriage to the doctor. She became religious, joining the Methodist Church, and put her past behind her. "She enjoyed...the love and good will of all who knew her". She died on March 25, 1828.

In popular culture
Maria Reynolds has been the subject of several fictional portrayals.

Theater and film

 * Jeanne Eagels portrayed Maria in the 1917 Broadway stage play Hamilton.
 * June Collyer played Maria in the 1931 biographical film Alexander Hamilton.
 * Jasmine Cephas Jones played the roles of Maria Reynolds and Peggy Schuyler in Hamilton, the 2015 Broadway musical about the life of Alexander Hamilton. Jones originated the roles on Off-Broadway in Hamilton, reprising the roles when the show transferred to Broadway.

Literature

 * The Whiskey Rebels (2008), by David Liss.
 * The Hamilton Affair (2016), by Elizabeth Cobbs.

Television

 * Lise Hilboldt portrayed Maria Reynolds in the 1986 TV series George Washington II: The Forging of a Nation.

title: Maria Reynolds


text:
Joel Birman

Joel Birman is a Brazilian psychiatrist and psychotherapist. He was born in Vitória, State of Espírito Santo of Romanian Jewish immigrant parents. He graduated in Medicine in the 1970s and pursued his post graduate studies in São Paulo and Paris. Birman is one of the most prolific Brazilian authors in the field of psychoanalysis and has written several books in Brazil and France. He is currently professor of Psychology in the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and of Social Medicine in the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ).

He's also starting, at Collège International de Philosophie, Paris, a line of research interdisciplinary with Psychotherapy and Philosophy about the "New conditions of the mal estar in the civilization".

title: Joel Birman


text: User talk:216.37.84.1

title: User talk:216.37.84.1