text:
User:Andrea Mercado

I'm a Metadata Librarian at Copyright Clearance Center in Danvers, MA.

Folks I know: Jessamyn, Sj

title: User:Andrea Mercado


text:
User talk:Pinkregina

I wonder how to write an abbreviation for this company's name: Innovated Technology for Communication Joint-stock company. Shoud I write ITC JSC or ITC.,JSC? I don't know what the exact way is. Pls, help!!!!!

Abbreviation for a company's name
I wonder how to write an abbreviation for this company's name: Innovated Technology for Communication Joint-stock company. Shoud I write ITC JSC or ITC.,JSC? I don't know what the exact way is. Pls, help!!!!!

Pinkregina 04:32, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Pinkregina


text: File:ThisWeekInGod.jpg

title: File:ThisWeekInGod.jpg


text:
Ai Tong School

Ai Tong School is a primary school located in Bishan, Singapore. It is one of the five affiliated primary schools under the Singapore Hokkien Huay Kuan. As a Chinese-medium school, Ai Tong emphasises strongly on the learning of Chinese culture, language and values. Ai Tong School is considered to be one of the most popular primary schools in Singapore, with places in the primary 1 intake frequently being oversubscribed.

The name Ai Tong (爱同) is derived from the Chinese values of "Bo Ai" (博爱) and "Da Tong" (大同) which means 'Love for all humanity' and 'Equality/Harmony' respectively. This name was given by Pastor Ong Kah Mok, one of the founders of this school.

Notable alumni include Chantalle Ng class of 2007, Singaporean actress and also daughter of Singaporean actress Lin Meijiao and Singapore actor Huang Yiliang and the 2 sons of Singaporean Actress Pan Lingling and her husband Huang Shinan.

Motto
"Sincerity and Perseverance", or "诚毅" in Chinese，meaning: "Be sincere with all people. Be persevering in all endeavours."

Logo
The school logo resembles a flying wheel and the chinese character "同”. The sign gives the school its name, Ai Tong School. The pair of wings symbolises the school soaring into greater heights, seeking higher aspirations and excellence. The circles symbolise the cohesive spirit of the teachers and pupils working together towards a common goal.

History
Ai Tong School was first established in a Church at Street when it took over the running of a school by missionaries. Although it had an initial intake of 30 pupils, this soon increased to 120 pupils in 1960. In 1917, the school was moved into its own campus, located at 209, Telok Ayer Street, to cope with the larger enrolment.

However, soon after its move, Ai Tong School faced financial difficulties that almost forced the school to sell away its campus. It was rescued financially by Chinese businessman and philanthropist Tan Kah Kee, who provided financial assistance to the school. In 1923, the school faced another financial crisis, and Tan Kah Kee decided to provide funding for the school on a permanent basis. The Singapore Hokkien Huay Kuan subsequently took over the responsibility for running the school in 1929.

After the Japanese occupation of Singapore ended, a branch school located on the old premises of Gan Eng Seng School was started. During this time, there were a huge backlog of students who wanted an education, since many students in Singapore dropped out of school during the occupation. As a result, the enrolment of the school increased to more than 1,600 students. This campus soon proved to be inadequate.

In 1950, Ai Tong School took in female students from the defunct Ai Hwa school and became a co-ed school; it had existed as a boys' school ever since its founding. In 1955, the main school moved to the new Hokkien Huay Kuan Building together with Chong Hock Girls School (the now Chongfu Primary School). This building had facilities like a science laboratory and a geography/history room, a rarity at that time. Two years later, the private school became a government-aided school.

In the 1960s and 1970s, due to the bilingual policy by the Singapore government, enrolment in Chinese-medium schools like Ai Tong School drastically decreased. Initially, this caused the closure of smaller Chinese schools, and by taking in students from some of these schools, Ai Tong's enrolment soon increased to 2360 students. However, after that, Ai Tong suffered the same problem and its enrolment soon fell below 800 students. The problem became worse when, in 1979, only two students registered to join the school in 1980, though one later dropped out. More students were later transferred into the school because the neighbouring English-medium schools were at their full capacity.

Against this backdrop, the school's management decided to move the school to Ang Mo Kio to address the problem of declining enrolment. The construction work for a new school building began at Ang Mo Kio Avenue 3 in 1978. Classes at the new Ai Tong School campus started in 1980, and the school was officially declared open in 1981. The move from its old campus, in addition to the hard work of the principal and staff of the school, helped the school to increase its enrolment from less than 100 before 1981 to 2357 in 1987. Following guidelines from the Ministry of Education, English language was taught as the first language and Chinese as the second language from 1984 onwards.

In 1990, Ai Tong became one of the first primary schools to be granted the status of a Special Assistance Plan school by the Ministry of Education. Schools under this plan have a special focus on teaching Chinese values, and they run special programmes related to the learning of Chinese culture and language.

On 9 July 1992, Ai Tong School moved to 100, Bright Hill Drive, located within Sin Ming estate, to cope with rising enrolment numbers. This campus was officially opened on 9 July 1993 by the then-Minister for Foreign Affairs, Wong Kan Seng, who was also the Member of Parliament for Thomson GRC (of which Sin Ming is a part). An extension block to the school was later added in 1998 to increase the number of special rooms that the school had. The school undergone further refurbishment between November 2002 and 2004 under the Programme for Rebuilding and Improving Existing schools.

On 31 December 2013, Ai Tong School moved to 4300 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5, Singapore 569869 while renovation works at the previous campus started. The new campus was completed in 2015, and Ai Tong School has since moved back to its original location from 2016 onwards.

Academics
Ai Tong School's curriculum has a strong Chinese influence, and also offers lessons on the Chinese culture and history. It is a designated SAP school, and thus it teaches both the English language and Chinese Language as a first language. Ai Tong has consistently produced top scorers at the national Primary School Leaving Examinations, and is widely regarded as a "top school" in Singapore.

Ai Tong has a winning programme with a school in Suzhou, China, and it conducts student exchanges between the two schools. In addition, students at the Primary 5 level also get the opportunity to attend cultural exchange programmes to other places in China.

Affiliations
Ai Tong School is affiliated to the Singapore Hokkien Huay Kuan (SHHK) since 1929. It is the second oldest school amongst the five schools that are affiliated to the SHHK, the oldest being Tao Nan School. Other schools that are affiliated to the SHHK includes: Chongfu Primary School, Nan Chiau Primary School, Nan Chiau High School and Kong Hwa School. These schools share a common motto and mission, as well as having joint programmes like the Bi-Cultural Chinese Elective Programme (BICEP).

Notable alumni

 * Ong Teng Koon, Member of Parliament (Class of 1989)
 * Peh Chin Hua, Former Member of Parliament.
 * Yip Pin Xiu, Singaporean paralympian, medalist at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.
 * Miko and Yumi Peh, twin sisters, who formed musical band By2, Mandarin pop artists.
 * Chantalle Ng, actress
 * Sun Xueling, Minister of State, MP of Punggol West SMC
 * Desmond Choo, MP of Tampines GRC, Mayor of Northeast CDC

title: Ai Tong School


text:
Talk:Party system

h

Canadian party system needs to be updated
Alas, I lack specific sources, however, I would strongly argue that the "fourth party system," which existed after 1993 and was defined by regionalist protest parties (Bloc Quebecois and Reform) and liberal economics instead of Keynesianism has long since subsided. As of 2011 the Bloc Quebecois is a nearly irrelevant rump, the Reform Party/Canadian Alliance long ago folded into a more nationally oriented conservative party (by merging with the PC Party), the left of centre NDP has been competitive in the past several elections (after a decade of marginalisation), and the current governing Liberals have to a large degree abandoned the fiscal conservative orthodoxy of the 1990s.

The House of Commons of today, dominated by three nationally-oriented parties (Liberals, Conservatives and NDP) resembles that of the 1980s far more so than the 1990s. When I have time I will likely introduce an update. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.242.136.28 (talk) 17:12, 10 November 2016 (UTC)

Disagree, given the results of the 2019 and 2021 elections, the general rule of thumb of the NDP being the fourth or distant third party is pretty solid, 2011 was an extraordinary exception, not the rule as has been made clear. The Canadian Alliance and PCs merged, but the CPC Maintains a very regionally concentrated base just as its two predecessors did and the "irrelevant rump" of the BQ has come roaring back, I don't think it's really fair to consider the "fourth party system," as ever having really ended.WanukeX (talk) 03:57, 5 November 2021 (UTC)

Untitled
party system

Someone needs to do something where I inserted the several question marks (at the end of the main [2nd] paragraph under "U.S. Models"). It is an incomplete sentence, but I added question marks instead of deleting it because it looks like somebody was starting to type something that didn't get finished.Shanoman 21:55, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Many textbooks?

 * ''The model appears in most political science textbooks and many history textbooks, and is included in the AP tests in history and government that 300,000 high school students take every year.

Then why, pray tell, does Fifth Party System only have 52 hits in Google Books; some of them one essay in a collection or an entry in a glossary? For comparison, there are four times as many books with "Political Science" in the title (most of them look like textbooks) which mention New Deal (only three of them mention the FPS.) Septentrionalis PMAnderson 18:44, 3 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Google does not have good access to most textbooks. I actually looked at 8 recent pool sci textbooks and each talked about Party Systems. Some had more historical details and some had very little history.Rjensen 22:27, 4 August 2007 (UTC)
 * for a detailed bibliography with many refs to 5th ps see Rjensen 22:58, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

standard usage in political science

 * The Party Sytems model is used in many college-level textbooks: for example: American Politics, Second Edition William Lasser, Chapter Nine: Political Parties
 * It's also used in the major journals in both history and political science:

Rjensen 02:10, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
 * PS: Political Science and Politics > Vol. 35, No. 2 (Jun., 2002), pp. 293-308+310-326+328-338+341-347+351-461+465-468
 * The American Political Science Review > Vol. 92, No. 2 (Jun., 1998), pp. 391-399
 * Social Science History > Vol. 22, No. 1 (Spring, 1998), pp. 83-116
 * Political Science Quarterly > Vol. 104, No. 2 (Summer, 1989), pp. 360-361
 * The American Political Science Review > Vol. 82, No. 2 (Jun., 1988), p. 639
 * The American Historical Review > Vol. 91, No. 4 (Oct., 1986), pp. 1008-1009
 * Journal of Interdisciplinary History > Vol. 16, No. 1 (Summer, 1985), pp. 43-67
 * The American Political Science Review > Vol. 79, No. 2 (Jun., 1985), pp. 415-435
 * The American Political Science Review > Vol. 78, No. 1 (Mar., 1984), pp. 77-91
 * The History Teacher > Vol. 17, No. 1 (Nov., 1983), pp. 9-31
 * Legislative Studies Quarterly > Vol. 8, No. 1 (Feb., 1983), pp. 65-78
 * The Journal of Southern History > Vol. 48, No. 4 (Nov., 1982), pp. 607-608
 * Legislative Studies Quarterly > Vol. 7, No. 4 (Nov., 1982), pp. 515-532
 * Reviews in American History > Vol. 7, No. 4 (Dec., 1979), pp. 547-552
 * Political Science Quarterly > Vol. 94, No. 4 (Winter, 1979), pp. 649-667
 * PS > Vol. 12, No. 3 (Summer, 1979), pp. 326-328
 * Social Science History > Vol. 2, No. 2 (Winter, 1978), pp. 144-171
 * The Journal of Politics > Vol. 38, No. 3, 200 Years of the Republic in Retrospect: A Special Bicentennial Issue (Aug., 1976), pp. 239-257
 * Political Science Quarterly > Vol. 90, No. 3 (Autumn, 1975), pp. 411-435
 * The American Political Science Review > Vol. 69, No. 3 (Sep., 1975), pp. 795-811
 * The American Political Science Review > Vol. 68, No. 3 (Sep., 1974), pp. 1002-1023
 * The Western Political Quarterly > Vol. 26, No. 3 (Sep., 1973), pp. 385-413
 * And we note, by the bibliography, in Richard Jensen's papers. I know it has been used in a couple dozen journal articles; although, if this were indeed a "major" topic, there would be many more than this  remarkably small collection over three decades. If I denied this, I would be putting the article up for deletion. But enough of the vanity editing. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 17:42, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

no conflict of interest
There is no conflict of interest--none of the editors has any financial or other interest in any statement made here. PManderson has a conflict of interest inasmuch as he repeatedly insists that his own knowledge of political history should trump all the experts listed here. Rjensen 04:43, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Intellectual interest is sufficient for the tag. This is a vanity article by Prof. Richard Jensen, who has published largely in this fragment of political science, and is one of the "experts" so airily designated by Rjensen. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 16:31, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

US-only/expand article
The article right now is centered about the US situation - it's should be expanded —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.164.228.248 (talk) 12:10, 22 July 2008 (UTC)

A typical system, the US system and the British system
"In most democracies the electorate votes for a party. The party members develop an agenda, and nominate candidates to office based on how well they believe the candidate can carry out the agenda. The party is funded by a nominal membership fee, and contributions from the state for the cost of campaigning. The contribution may be in relation to the membership, the votes in the previous election, or similar. The party is not allowed to receive other contributions, a rule intended to prevent plutocracy."

Is it really the case that in most democracies, parties are not allowed to receive other contributions? At least in Norway, which I know best, parties can accept funding from other sources than those two mentioned in the text, including trade unions, business associations and wealthy persons. Do we have any sources stating that this is illegal in most democracies? --213.236.196.39 (talk) 08:01, 14 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete section. this is original research poorly done-- no sources are given and there are all these false statements (like--The British system is a mix of the US and the so-called "typical system"; or US system was "designed for a situation without parties" --simply false) . Or, in typical system the parties "nominate candidates to office based on how well they believe the candidate can carry out the agenda" -- as opposed to who has blocs of power inside the party? or "parties may be grass-roots organizations with a bottom-up decision-making process" (like who??); or try this: "The platform of the party is written by the winning candidate (in presidential elections; in other elections no platform is involved)." the platform is written separately and before the candidate is chosen (cf 1864 when it blew up for McClellan); yes there are platforms for state parties.  This is all garbled: "The primary elections in the main parties is organized by the states, who also registers the party affiliation of the voters (this also makes it easier to gerrymander the congressional districts)." the primary has zero connection to the gerrymander. Some states register by party, others do not. The closed/open primary system is not described & independents are ignored. The reason the section is not sourced is that scholarly books don't make these mistaken claims. Rjensen (talk) 13:41, 14 May 2012 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I propose that Realigning election be merged into Party system. I think that the content in the Realigning election article can easily be explained in the context of Party system. Mitchumch (talk) 10:42, 20 January 2015 (UTC)
 * oppose. They are entirely distinct concepts, with realigning elections focused on voter behavior, and party systems focusing on the rules and behavior political parties. Rjensen (talk) 13:55, 20 January 2015 (UTC)

Government
Party system 41.184.4.152 (talk) 19:32, 8 November 2022 (UTC)

party system 103.81.93.187 (talk) 05:54, 30 May 2023 (UTC)

Horrifying
Hello. This is not my area of expertise but it is horrifying to find an entire world of articles ("Third party system," "Fourth Party System," "Fifth Party System") without any basis. If I wasn't so busy I would nominate the whole kit and kaboodle for deletion. My suggestion is that the authors reconsider. -SusanLesch (talk) 20:49, 6 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Party system


text:
Talk:T-Pain

I got money

Criticism section?
There should be a criticism section given this man's overuse of autotune to disguise his lack of talent, and thus, by extension, the infiltration of autotune into the musical maelstrom and the damage it's done by enabling talentless hacks to take attention away from real artists. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.97.164.156 (talk) 21:10, 12 March 2012 (UTC)

no one cares if you hate t pain. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.232.167.141 (talk) 20:33, 4 April 2012 (UTC)

Common confusions of vocal effects

 * Actually,

has nothing to do with pitch in music technology. "Envelope follower", not to be confused with "pitch envelope", as its name says follows envelope. In audio and music engineering, envelope is the amplitude information. (see ADSR envelope) Envelope followers are used in vocoders to extract amplitude information of a particular frequency band. However, it is just one component out of many which are needed for the modulation process. Modulation (found mostly in vocoders) is different from pitch correction. T-Pain uses Pitch Correction. (pitch correction software/hardware i.e pitch (as in frequency not amplitude)follower and corrector)The most used pitch correction software tools are Antares Autotune and Avox, Celemony Melodyne, Serrato Pitch'n'time, Waves Tunes etc.. The realtime software analyzes the pitch information contained in the human voice(live or recorded). Then, according to the user's harmonic scale settings or notes that the user hits on a keyboard, the pitch is corrected thus creating a corrected version of the original vocal line. It is also possible to control vibrato and formant of the resulting voice to a certain degree. The application was originally used to subtly correct pitch in faulty background vocals and occasionally lead vocals. With extreme settings you can achieve pseudo-robotic effects such as T-Pain vocals. A hardware version of Autotune, the AVP also by ala  produces the same results. A good old example of extreme pitch correction effect use was the song by Cher "Believe". Without extreme settings, the effect is unnoticeable especially on long held notes. This is due to the fact that if you sing in tune, Autotune disregard the correct pitch. However, to accentuate the effect some artist sing a bit out of tune or the vocals are recorded in perfect pitch then set out of tune on purpose before running it through say Autotune or any other pitch correction software or hardware.
 * Also, it is not:
 * 1. A vocoder, which requires an input carrier(example: synth) and a modulator(example: human) voice.See Transformers, Kraftwerk, Herbie Hancock.
 * 2. A talkbox, with is a horn driver connect to a tube which is placed in the mouth. A guitar or a synth can be connected to the talkbox. The notes played resonnate in the throat. Intelligibility is achieved by shaping the mouth and lips. See Roger Troutman and Zapp (band), Peter Frampton, Joe Walsh, Teddy Riley (producer).

 * All three effects are differents. Though their resulting sounds may be similar to an untrained ear, they do differ.

Often artists (including T-pain himself), producers, musicians and just unaware people call any effect that produces a semi-robotic voice a vocoder. However, it is incorrect. I say semi-robotic because robotic voices would be something like Herbie Hancock's "Rockit" or Afrika Bambaataa's "Planet Rock (song)" (borrowed from Kraftwerk) which were accomplished using vocoders.beatnframes10 August 2007

 * In an article published in Sound On Sound the engineer on Cher's "Believe" said that the effect was a vocoder that was cut in on certain syllables. To the untrained ear it may sound like the Antares offerings, I suppose.  Your comment is an interesting read but you really provide no concrete evidence that the T=Pain effect is auto-tune versus a vocoder.  Eli lilly (talk) 01:13, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

I am not sure what article you are reading but the one I have in front of my eyes reads: "...The focus of what has turned from a purely technical pursuit into an ethical debate — one that's played out on the pages of general-interest media as well as in the audio trades — is not so much the digital audio workstation as it is the third-party plug-in from Antares Audio Technologies, Auto-Tune. The device — which had a parallel hardware version used live by Cher ". This can be found at http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/oct03/articles/vocalfixes.htm Also here : http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/feb99/articles/tracks661.htm you'll find this disclaimer: "STOP PRESS! Historical Footnote

Cher's 'Believe' (Dec 1998) was the first commercial recording to feature the audible side-effects of Antares Auto-tune software used as a deliberate creative effect. The (now) highly recognisable tonal mangling occurs when the pitch correction speed is set too fast for the audio that it is processing and it became one of the most over-used production effects of the following years.

In February 1999, when this Sound On Sound article was published, the producers of this recording were apparently so keen to maintain their 'trade secret' process that they were willing to attribute the effect to the (then) recently-released Digitech Talker vocoder pedal. As most people are now all-too familiar with the 'Cher effect', as it became known, we have maintained the article in its original form as an interesting historical footnote."

I hope that clarifies the whole Cher's vocoder myth. It is not a vocoder and has always been Autotune. Keep in mind a lot of producers and artists do not divulge the exact name of the tool they used to achieve a coveted sound.Which is quite understandable. It won't be too long until we find out T-Pain's exact pitch correction tool name.It doesn't matter whether it is Autotune or Melodyne. It's still pitch correction not vocoding. beatnframes18 November 2007

Never mind my last comment, here's T-Pain himself talking about Autotune. http://www.missinfo.tv/?p=240   (pardon the language on that site but the audio clip is all you need) This was on the Angie Martinez show. In short, he explains how people at first used to make fun of him for using Autotune, and now rappers are biting his style by using it on their records. Can't be more concrete than that. beatnframes18 November 2007

Removed unsourced info
Rumored to have AIDs —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.247.96.234 (talk) 01:25, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

The following has been removed per Wikipedia guidelines for biographies.

 * T-Pain has collaborated with other known producers for Britney Spears' upcoming album, due in 2007

 * T-Pain appeared on a SOHH.com interview where he described Ray J's penis as "a huge meat." He then followed the awkward conversation with a "no homo," so his sexuality is almost saved.

If someone can source this information, it would be appreciated.

 * http://www.freshflixx.com/channel/sohh-tv/index.php?bcpid=376530222&bclid=440748065&bctid=932505959 hows that? — Preceding unsigned comment added by  75.20.202.239 (talk) 05:19, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks. RJaguar3 |  u  |  t  18:10, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

Picture
You can barely see T-Pain in the current picture. I think a close up picture would be more appropriate as to identifying who T-Pain is.

The main photo and the next photo in the article are the same picture, but have captions claiming to be different places at different times. Not sure which is accurate. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.36.61.164 (talk) 18:50, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

Musicaldemon 17:35, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

Oakleys?
He has a signature pair of sunglasses that oakley carries avaible june 30th

Most Ringtones in History
T-Pain has sold over 15 millon ringtones includin 'Seperated' ft.MCB. Check this Site http://realtalkny.rawkus.com/2008/06/topic/topic/music/t-pain-silver-gold/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.134.245.79 (talk) 05:06, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

picture
Here is a picture of T-pain

Epiphany?
T-pain had some help with a close rapper in okeechobee, Fl. name dyllyn heasley he helped t-pain make this album t-apin wants to give a big thanks to dyllyn  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 169.139.118.253 (talk) 17:00, 12 December 2008 (UTC) It says that Buy You A Drank was produced to be put on his new album Church. This is clearly a mistake scince Buy You A Drank and Church are singles on Epiphany. CLEAN UP PLEASE!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mr.Tic Tac Toe 350 degreez (talk • contribs) 18:34, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

BET Awards
he was nomaited for veiwers choice at the BET awards for kiss kiss feat. T-pain —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.134.245.79 (talk) 08:23, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

CLeanup

I tried to clean this article up a bit

singles
The singles and featured singles are missing 3 song. 1 Can't believe it, 2 Beam me up, 3 I ain't mad. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 125.60.185.152 (talk) 15:19, 6 July 2008 (UTC)

I think the article can explain a bit more about his singing abilities producing skills and writing skills a bit more, its not fair that untalented artists like Rihanna are recieving more recognition on there page for flopping crap.

Vandalism
This page needs semi-protection, because too many vandals are ruining it. Blackjays1 (talk) 05:49, 18 September 2008 (UTC) true —Preceding unsigned comment added by Steogden (talk • contribs) 12:35, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

do also known as again
i thought it was cool when you had t-pains other names like teddy pain teddy verseti etc...

cheers ste.. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Steogden (talk • contribs) 12:31, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

Would be happy if somebody would make a Site for Nappy Boy Entertaiment Like Young Cash or Tay Dizm Jay Liriq —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.177.77.246 (talk) 18:11, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

t-pain isn't hip hop
He sings, he does rap, therefore he is a hip hop artist. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.105.7.183 (talk) 20:52, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
 * T-Pain has actually done rap roles on singles "Shawty Get Loose" by Lil Mama and "Kiss Kiss" by Chris Brown, as a couple examples. He also used to rap for the group Nappy Headz.--Andrewlp1991 (talk) 22:32, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

Circus thing
Have we even atempted to explain T Pain's facination with circuses? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.191.108.89 (talk) 23:45, 9 December 2008 (UTC) its not a facination its because T-Pain is the ringleader of this music industry Ringleader = T-Pain —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.239.11.137 (talk) 20:42, 1 January 2009 (UTC)

Future Work
Also T-Pain is making a new an upcoming album called UBER which he mentions on Twitter. One song from the album has not been completed but unofficially released and it is called "Know Your Name" he also said he wants to work with daft punk. and its more of a rock feel. the album is also rumoured a re-release of thr33 ringz. just with brand new tracks, like the myth of tha carter iii: the rebirth —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.143.196.26 (talk) 03:51, 1 January 2009 (UTC)

Personal life
T-Pain is married to amber najm and have to have 2 children ,he's wife is also pregnant with the third. T-pains children are called lyrik and musik. When asked what he'd call the others he has said either harmony or symphoney. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.239.11.137 (talk) 20:29, 1 January 2009 (UTC)

I want to edit this page Thank you
editsemiprotected —Preceding unsigned comment added by MahePain (talk • contribs) 19:58, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
 * The template you used was to request specific changes to the page; requests for unprotection should be made at WP:RUP, although when you have made more edits on Wikipedia, and your account has been registered long enough (the requirement is only a few days) you should be able to edit the article. If there is something specific you think should be changed before you are able to edit the page, you can still request it here using the editsemiprotected template. — Snigbrook  20:36, 29 January 2009 (UTC)

Birth
The introduction lists his birth as 1985, but this biography is classified in the category 1984 Births...September 30, 1984 to be exact

-Anon —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.68.250.161 (talk) 07:50, 16 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I've adjusted the category accordingly. —  Σ  xplicit  19:30, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

Apple Bottom Jeans
I heard that T-pain is known for his apple bottom jeans, and boots with the fur. Is there a reason this is not reflected on the page? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.251.248.16 (talk) 12:03, 18 April 2009 (UTC)

Music in 2009
T-Pain just this year was featured in a song with Jamie Foxx titled Blame It the video was number one on numerous video shows such as BET 106 and Park and VH1's Sucker Free Countdown the video also featured such actors as Samuel Jackson, Forest Whitaker and many more. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.29.64.120 (talk) 14:22, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

T-Pain and Taylor Swift
You should put that Taylor Swift and T-Pain are working together to record a track. There are 2 links to it

1. http://blog.cmt.com/2009-06-10/whos-performing-with-taylor-swift/ 2. http://blog.cmt.com/2009-06-09/taylor-swift-working-with-t-pain/

(13taylor (talk) 22:16, 10 June 2009 (UTC))

NOT on the Time 100 List
The opening paragraph of T-Pain's Wiki page is misleading, it states that he ranked 34th on Time's most influential people list. While he finished in this spot in public, online voting that Time conducted, he was not chosen by Time, and did not make the ACTUAL list of most influential people. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.49.7.5 (talk) 20:55, 10 September 2009 (UTC)

T-Pain Auto-Tune iPhone App
T-Pain has an iPhone application. This application allows users to make their own voice auto-tuned. The iPhone application is called I Am T-Pain. The app includes an instrumental collection of T-Pain's greatest hits in addition to a "Freestyle" mode for a users own songs. You can also record yourself singing and easily upload the tracks to various social networks.

Ref:http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-10345538-1.html Clpitts (talk) 21:44, 11 September 2009 (UTC)clpitts

 * ✅ I have added information about this application, paraphrased and wikilinked, as best I could.  Chzz  ►  15:22, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

Top Hats
Should a mention of T-Pain's top hats be included? Thery're pretty iconic of him and he gets them custome made in London. Apparently he's also going to auction the hats off ebay with proceeds going to charity.

T-Pain Official Website
His official site is http://www.T-Pain.com which links to http://www.nappyboyonline.com/profile/TPain his profile page on his record label's website. This site is updated and maintained by T-Pain's management company and is much more updated and thorough than his record label T-Pain.net record label site.

Danroof10 (talk) 02:46, 10 February 2010 (UTC)

hey —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.200.25.253 (talk) 05:14, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

Edit request from Davidmcc2213, 6 April 2010
T-pain was born in Hamilton, Alabama. he graduated from Bevill with a Nursing Degree

Davidmcc2213 (talk) 02:14, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Bejinhan Talk   02:47, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

Stage name
His stage name isn't "T.Pain" but "T-Pain", see his official website. It should be changed. 78.2.68.208 (talk) 14:28, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

RevolveR
Can someone please make a REVOLVER page and keep it there. I will be glad to assist in keeping it up to date. There is so much to put. Start by saying t-pain is making his first experimental album ever! make sure to include reverse cowgirl, kiss her (Video will be released on memorial day) and possibly Drama. The thr33 ringz page was made a year before t-pain even released the album. RevolveR comes out thi sjune according to nappy boy twitters —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.8.215.237 (talk) 12:12, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

Page was just created [july 5, 2010], please link to it in the discography for RevolveR: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolver_(T-Pain_album) —Preceding unsigned comment added by IFreedom1212 (talk • contribs) 08:23, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

 * It will be deleted again: see Articles for deletion/Revolver (T-Pain album). To overturn that decision you would need to take this to WP:DRV, which I suggest will be successful only when the album is released. I42 (talk) 08:38, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

The deletion of the page is being contested. —Preceding unsigned comment added by IFreedom1212 (talk • contribs) 08:53, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Ok we have a first single please make a rEVOLVEr page with rap song being the official first single! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.8.215.237 (talk) 02:53, 31 August 2010 (UTC)

Pending changes
This article is one of a number selected for the early stage of the trial of the Pending Changes system on the English language Wikipedia. All the articles listed at Pending changes/Queue  are being considered for level 1 pending changes protection.

The following request appears on that page:

Comments on the suitability of theis page for "Pending changes" would be appreciated.

Please update the Queue page as appropriate.

Note that I am not involved in this project any much more than any other editor, just posting these notes since it is quite a big change, potentially

Regards, Rich Farmbrough, 00:15, 17 June 2010 (UTC).

Edit request from SWIFWP, 18 August 2010
I want to add to T-Pain's Early Life that he attended Rickards High School. I have the source: http://tallahasseemagazine.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=673&Itemid=127 It would be helpful if I could make this edit. Thank you.

SWIFWP (talk) 20:08, 18 August 2010 (UTC)

Question: Welcome. The way this works is that you provide the content you want added and exactly where and whomever services the request will add it to the article for you. Please provide the text. Thanks. Celestra (talk) 01:34, 19 August 2010 (UTC)

Edit request from 96.252.12.110, 30 March 2011
T-Pain is now signed to Young Money Ent

http://www.sohh.com/2010/12/lil_wayne_inducts_t-pain_w_black_purple.html

96.252.12.110 (talk) 19:52, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Done. By the way, do you have any references for T-Pain disassociating from any of his previous labels?  That section of his infobox is starting to get a little crowded.   Banaticus (talk) 20:31, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

Labels
Yeah, why doesn't it say Young Money Entertainment under the Label? Need more references? This was right before he signed http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWDipN8KxzY&feature=player_embedded [Video link may be taken down in the future]

and on his remix of Ace Hood's song Hustle Hard he states: "Yes I'm Young Moolah, now look at all them bloggers, run to they computer" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWVmkfuIWxk&t=2m31s [Video link may be taken down in the future]

What more proof do you need?

I do believe he is still joint signed with Akon's Konvict and his own Label Nappy Boy and apparently still signed to Jive also http://www.jiverecords.com/artists/t-pain 74.67.126.125 (talk) 14:34, 24 June 2011 (UTC)

http://blackstartube.com/t-pain-talks-about-ymcmb-changing-their-mind-about-signing-him-how-jay-zs-death-of-autotune-put-a-halt-to-his-career-more/ <<<< according to this he never signed to young money. that needs to be changed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pokempon1259 (talk • contribs) 01:51, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

Associated Acts: Lil Wayne
Has T-Pain ever collaborated with Lil Wayne besides in the single Got Money? Otherwise, if that was their only song together, they can't really be considered "associated." --Bobjonespie (talk) 18:28, 30 July 2011 (UTC)

he did another song with him called Bang Bang Pow. They were going to do an album before too.

Misdirected link
The Golf cart accident section mentions Glasses Malone's song, "Sun Come Up." It links to the page Sun Come Up, which is in turn forwarded to Sun Come Up (film). The correct link is Sun Come Up (Glasses Malone song) Jdahobbs (talk) 05:30, 28 August 2011 (UTC)

Edit request on 25 January 2012
Please change Jive (20003-2011) to Jive (2003-2011) because it appears to be a typo.

Nks12345 (talk) 01:54, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅ Thanks. Dru of Id (talk) 04:35, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

Young Money
On the Young Money page it says he isnt signed with them however on this page it says that he is. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.207.41.239 (talk) 01:33, 4 March 2012 (UTC)

Stoicville: The Phoenix New T-Pain Album
Add new album of t-pain coming these year named Stoicville: The Phoenix here is the post from t-pain twitter account confirming he's new album... The name of my album is Stoicville: The Phoenix To me, a Phoenix represents new beginnings. A new era. A new life. I’m rising from the ashes — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kenshin911 (talk • contribs) 05:46, 31 March 2013 (UTC)

Confusion
Under "Legal issues" it is stated that "T-Pain refused to cut his set short at Radio One's Spring Fest Concert in Miami, which caused police presence to escalate backstage". What does "police presence to escalate" mean? Resulted in police obtaining reinforcements, perhaps?Royalcourtier (talk) 02:56, 12 February 2014 (UTC)

The section should be removed. Arrests on their own -- no convictions, and not clear whether charges were dropped, or if there even were charges -- are not "legal issues." Maxvgc (talk) 03:18, 28 August 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 29 March 2014
41.44.25.10 (talk) 17:08, 29 March 2014 (UTC)

If you want to suggest a change, please request this in the form "Please replace XXX with YYY" or "Please add ZZZ between PPP and QQQ". Please also cite reliable sources to back up your request, without which no information should be added to any article. - Arjayay (talk) 17:16, 29 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: as you have not requested a change.

Edit request on Nov 2, 2014
I would like to add the following section to the entry on T-Pain: "On October 29, 2014, T-Pain performed with keyboardist Toro as part of the NPR Tiny Desk concert series. The short set consisted of three of T-Pain's songs including 'Buy U A Drank (Shawty Snappin'),' 'Up Down (Do This All Day),' and 'Drankin' Patna.' The set was performed in a soft, melodically rich R'n'B vocal style supported by an electric keyboard and synth string accompaniment." Also, if he "just turned 30," then he was born in 1984.Leedb123 (talk) 15:59, 2 November 2014 (UTC)LB http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIjXUg1s5gc The concert was reviewed in Vice News http://www.vice.com/read/its-no-surprise-that-t-pain-can-sing-good-without-the-auto-tune-456

Birthdate edit request.
T-Pain states in this video interview "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zggbg53ebQ8" that he was born in "1984" not 1985 (approx. at 3 min and 10 secs. Please replace "1985" with "1984". — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kungfuzius (talk • contribs) 12:02, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 June 2015
In this interview at 03:14, T-Pain says he was born in 1984 (not 1985 as indicated in the article): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zggbg53ebQ8

66.29.232.154 (talk) 14:59, 12 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done  B E C K Y S A Y L E S  19:21, 8 July 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 3 October 2015
Replace T-Pain's official website from t-pain.net to tpain.com. T-Pain's official website has changed to tpain.com.

Jthompson4004 (talk) 00:35, 3 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done Thank you. --Stabila711 (talk) 00:40, 3 October 2015 (UTC)

DOB is 1983 per arrest records published on line for Florida
I made this edit after discussion on #wikipedia-en IRC channel where people brought up this Reliable Source, an online arrest records registry. However, someone keeps reverting my edit and stripping the RS, without any comment. --Mareklug talk 22:11, 6 December 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on T-Pain. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090506062828/http://www.nappyboyonline.com:80/news/621 to http://www.nappyboyonline.com/news/621

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 02:51, 13 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 one external links on T-Pain. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110517012803/http://www.thesituation.co.uk:80/us_interviews/06/t_pain/t_pain.html to http://www.thesituation.co.uk/us_interviews/06/t_pain/t_pain.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080517162751/http://www.vibe.com:80/news/online_exclusives/2008/05/tpain_leads_bet_award_nominations/ to http://www.vibe.com/news/online_exclusives/2008/05/tpain_leads_bet_award_nominations/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070107214835/http://www.t-pain.net:80/ to http://www.t-pain.net/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080908065806/http://www.nappyboyonline.com/ to http://www.nappyboyonline.com/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:23, 30 November 2016 (UTC)

Occupation For T-Pain
Can anybody here please change T-Pain's occupations to "singer, rapper, songwriter and record producer"? Because he's an R&B singer, not a rapper.

Semi-protected edit request on 21 May 2020
Change: "T-Pain, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and record producer" to "T-Pain, is an American singer, songwriter and record producer" as well as remove "rapper" from his occupations.

T-Pain is not a rapper, he is a singer. He has never once rapped in any of his songs, yet when googling T-Pain, it shows him as being an "American rapper" when it should say he is an "American singer". Here's even a tweet from him recently regarding this. https://twitter.com/TPAIN/status/1263274851432910848
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. — KuyaBriBri Talk 14:16, 21 May 2020 (UTC)

 * Then how do you explain "Rappa Ternt Sanga"? Sdekk (talk) 22:59, 28 June 2021 (UTC)

Occupation For T-Pain #2
T-Pain has recently confirmed on his Twitter saying that he is not a rapper, so can anybody here please change T-Pain's occupations to "singer, songwriter, rapper and record producer"? https://twitter.com/TPAIN/status/1263274851432910848 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:19B:8401:3BC0:405F:FD98:C16A:C204 (talk) 03:33, 23 May 2020 (UTC)

T-Pain's Year of Birth
Can anybody here please change T-Pain's year of birth to 1984? He confirmed that in this interview here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zggbg53ebQ8
 * I gotchu! Sdekk (talk) 22:56, 28 June 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 24 June 2021
Add This Is Pop (2021) to filmography

source: https://www.insider.com/t-pain-depression-usher-auto-tune-this-is-pop-2021-6 2402:4000:13C0:9823:6104:61BD:2F29:5414 (talk) 11:19, 24 June 2021 (UTC)

 * Gotchu! Sdekk (talk) 23:08, 28 June 2021 (UTC)

T-Pain Article Change
There are only two things that need to be changed about this article:

1. When T-Pain used to be in a group called "Nappy Headz", he said that he joined the group in 1999, not 2004, so the "years active" thing in the infobox has to be changed from "2004–present" to "1999–present": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8zUCF2U0OE

2. Since T-Pain was a rapper for that group, can anyone here please change his music genres in the infobox to "Hip hop ⋅ R&B ⋅ pop rap"?

Thank you! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:197:C181:75E0:E95F:899:1C9F:AA16 (talk) 20:34, 2 January 2022 (UTC)

Request for comment
How should the first line of the article refer to the artist?
 * Choice A: " Faheem Rasheed Fajm... is an American singer, rapper, songwriter and producer from Florida"
 * Choice B: " Faheem Rasheed Fajm... is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and producer from Florida"
 * Choice C: " Faheem Rasheed Fajm... is an American rapper, singer-songwriter and producer from Florida"

Please indicate your choice and reasoning below. -204.184.47.154 (talk) 17:48, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Choice A because rapping seems secondary in this case. Rather referring as a singer and rapper. The first album is Rappa Ternt Sanga. Which means rapper turned singer. But singer should be listed first. Rather putting singer, songwriter, or simply just singer-songwriter. Or we can put musician

T pain real name
Hi 174.16.194.174 (talk) 23:38, 24 February 2022 (UTC)

Unable to edit article
I was going to add a Wikilink to this article, but was unable to do so since it appears to be locked from editing. Please fix this ridiculous situation! 76.190.213.189 (talk) 01:20, 3 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:T-Pain


text:
Koala's March

Koala's March (コアラのマーチ) is a bite-sized cookie snack with a sweet filling. Made by Lotte, the product was first released in Japan in March 1984. In May 1990, the products were released in the United States. Originally, the snacks used the name "Koala Yummies" in the United States. But currently, the snacks use the name "Koala's March" in the same country (a translation of the Japanese title).

Koala's March is in the shape of a koala with a picture of a koala on the outside of the cookie doing various activities. The filling comes in various flavors, such as honey, vanilla, cafe latte and banana including frozen banana. The two most common flavors are strawberry and chocolate, and are two of the flavors available in the U.S., along with white chocolate and matcha creme-filled chocolate cookies. The snack also comes in pineapple flavor, though it is rarer than the other flavors. Koala's March supports the Australian conservation group Australian Koala Foundation.

They also have cards, naming the different types of "koalas".

title: Koala's March


text:
26 Aurigae

26 Aurigae is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Auriga. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint star with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.41.

The distance to this system remains poorly constrained. The new Hipparcos reduction gives a parallax of $-0.29$. The original Hipparcos parallax was given as $52.735$, leading to a distance of $0.154$ being assumed in many texts. A distance of $21.1 AU$ has been derived from fitting the spectrum.

26 Aurigae is a visual binary system, and the two stars orbit each other every 52.735 years with an ellipticity of 0.653 and an angular separation $0.653$. The system is made of a magnitude 6.29 G-type red giant, and a hotter magnitude 6.21 star that has been classified as an early B-type main-sequence star to an A-type subgiant star. Component A is the cool giant star, the brighter but less massive of the pair. The hotter star is sometimes listed as the primary on the basis of its stronger showing in the blended spectrum.

title: 26 Aurigae


text:
UU Aurigae

UU Aurigae is a carbon star in the constellation Auriga. It is approximately 341 pc from Earth.

Description
UU Aurigae is a carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch star. The spectral type listed in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS) is C5,3-C7,4(N3). The N3 refers back to an older type of classification where carbon stars were given spectral types of N or R, although the numeric index was correlated more with the strength of the carbon chemistry rather than temperature. The C5 to C7 indicates various classifications using the newer Morgan-Keenan system where the numeric index corresponds better to the temperature of the star. C5 to C7 types are approximately equivalent to early-M stars. The second numeric index, 3 or 4 for UU Aurigae indicates the strength of the Swan bands in the spectrum, on a scale of 1 to 5. Using the more modern revised Morgan-Keenan scheme, a spectral type of C-N5- C2 6- has been published, with the C-N5 indicating an N-type carbon star with a temperature index of 5-, and a Swan band strength of 6- on a scale of 1 to 8.

UU Aurigae is classified as a semiregular variable of type SRb, indicating it is a giant star with poorly defined variations. Its brightness varies from magnitude +4.9 to +7.0 in visual apparent magnitude. The period is given in the GCVS as 441 days, but there is also a strong variation with a period of 235 days. Using British Astronomical Association observations from 1971 to 1998, the periods are calculated as 439.4 and 233.1 days.

The angular diameter of UU Aurigae has been measured at 12.07 ± 0.22 mas using very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI). Around the star is a shell of dust made up largely of amorphous carbon and silicon carbide (SiC), with the SiC appearing at three times the star's radius and the amorphous carbon at nine times its radius. Further out is a carbon-rich shell at 300 stellar radii and two oxygen-rich shells even further away. UU Aurigae also has a bow shock 0.14 parsec wide, created by its motion through the interstellar medium.

title: UU Aurigae


text:
Omicron Aurigae

Omicron Aurigae, Latinized from ο Aurigae, is the Bayer designation for an astrometric binary star system in the northern constellation of Auriga. With an apparent visual magnitude of 5.47, it is faintly visible to the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 7.89 ± 0.84 mas, it is approximately 413 ly distant from Earth. The star is a member of the Ursa Major stream of co-moving stars.

The visible component is a chemically peculiar star with a stellar classification of A1 Cr Eu; meaning this is an A-type star with a spectrum that shows abnormally high abundances of chromium (Cr) and europium (Eu). A magnetic field has been detected and it is a source of X-ray emission with a luminosity of: log Lx = 29.1. It is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 29 km/s and is radiating 95 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,660 K.

title: Omicron Aurigae


text:
41 Aurigae

41 Aurigae is a binary star system located around 310–316 light years away from the Sun in the northern constellation of Auriga. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, white-hued star with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.83. This system is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of 31 km/s. It is a probable member of the Hyades Supercluster.

As of 2012, the pair had an angular separation of $9,000$ along a position angle of 357.7°. The primary component is an A-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of A2Va+ and a visual magnitude of 6.15. The magnitude 6.84 secondary companion is a possible Am star with a stellar classification of kA5hA5mF0(IV-V), showing the calcium K line and hydrogen lines of an A5 star and the metal lines of an F0 star.

title: 41 Aurigae


text:
51 Aurigae

51 Aurigae is a single star in the northern constellation of Auriga. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of about 5.70. Based on parallax, it is located some 464 ly away from the Sun. It is receding from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of 32 km/s.

At 2.2 billion years old, 51 Aurigae has evolved off from the main sequence and is now a K-type giant star. It is 1.58 times as massive as the Sun, 24.5 times as wide, and 178 times as luminous. It emits radiation from its photosphere with an effective temperature of about 4,277 K.

title: 51 Aurigae


text: User talk:81.7.58.126

title: User talk:81.7.58.126


text:
User talk:Mcduckers

Vandalism
On this edit of yours: Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. (But also consider having brain augmentation surgery.) Hoary 04:22, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mcduckers


text:
36 Aurigae

36 Aurigae is a single variable star located about 910 light years away from the Sun in the constellation Auriga. It has the variable star designation V444 Aurigae, while 36 Aurigae is the Flamsteed designation. This object is visible to the naked eye as a dim, white-hued star with a baseline apparent visual magnitude of 5.71. It is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +16 km/s.

This is a magnetic chemically peculiar star that has been given stellar classifications of A1 Vp Si and B9.5p Si,Fe, indicating it is a late B- or early A-type star showing peculiarities of silicon and iron in the spectrum. It is an Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum variable that ranges in visual magnitude from 5.70 down to 5.74 with a period of 14.368 days. The star has 4.4 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 724 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 10,046 K.

title: 36 Aurigae


text:
RT Aurigae

RT Aurigae (RT Aur, 48 Aurigae) is a yellow supergiant variable star in the constellation Auriga, about 1,500 light years from Earth.

RT Aurigae is an F to G type Classical Cepheid variable which varies from magnitude +5.00 to +5.82 with a period of 3.728309 days. The variability was discovered in 1905. It was quickly recognised as a member of the class of Cepheid variables, but their nature was not understood at that time. Radial velocity changes were detected corresponding to the brightness variations, but the idea that these were caused by stellar pulsations and temperature changes was largely dismissed in favour of orbital motions of a binary star. More accurate observations eventually proved beyond doubt that the brightness variations were caused by pulsations in the atmospheres of the stars, with the stars being smallest and hottest near maximum brightness.

RT Aurigae has been suspected to be a spectroscopic binary system, but this has not been confirmed. The strongest evidence was found in 2013 using CHARA array optical interferometry. The companion would be 6.7 magnitudes fainter than the supergiant primary, cooler and fainter than an F0 main sequence star. The two stars are separated by 2.1 milli-arc seconds.

title: RT Aurigae


text:
53 Aurigae

53 Aurigae is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Auriga. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim star with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.74. Parallax estimates put it at a distance of 383 ly away. The system is receding from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of 13 km/s.

The two components of 53 Aurigae orbit each other every 39 years with an eccentricity of 0.557. The primary component, 53 Aurigae A, is chemically peculiar since it contains higher-than-normal amounts of manganese, but also europium, chromium, and mercury. It is a B-type main-sequence mercury-manganese star, while the secondary component, 53 Aurigae B, is an early F-type main-sequence star. The total mass of the system is estimated to be.

title: 53 Aurigae


text:
WW Aurigae

WW Aurigae is an eclipsing binary star system in the northern constellation of Auriga. It has a combined maximum apparent visual magnitude of 5.86, which is bright enough to be dimly visible to the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of $0.188$, it is located 293 light years from the Earth. The system is moving further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of −9 km/s, having come to within 65.15 pc some 3.12 million years ago.

This is a double-lined spectroscopic binary system, having a circular orbit with a period of 2.5 days. It was discovered to be variable independently by Friedrich Schwab and Heinrich Van Solowiew in 1913. Both components are metallic-lined, or Am stars, with a spectrum showing a deficiency of calcium and scandium, and an overabundance of heavier elements. Together they form an EA, or Algol-type, eclipsing binary with the primary occultation reducing the net magnitude to a minimum of 6.54 and the secondary eclipse lowering it to 6.43, over a cycle time of 2.52501936 days.

title: WW Aurigae


text:
64 Aurigae

64 Aurigae is a single star located 312 light years away from the Sun in the northern constellation of Auriga. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, white-hued star with an apparent magnitude of 5.87. The star is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −10, and may come to within 51.11 pc in around 5.3 million years. It is a member of the Sirius supercluster.

This object is an ordinary A-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of 5 Vn, where the 'n' notation is used to indicate "nebulous" lines in the spectrum caused by rapid rotation. It is 291 million years old with a projected rotational velocity of 212 km/s. The star has 1.67 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 27 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,014 K.

It was also known to be part of a much bigger constellation named Telescopium Herschelii before it was unrecognized by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).

title: 64 Aurigae


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of songs with titles that do not appear in the lyrics

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:47, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

List of songs with titles that do not appear in the lyrics
The list was interesting in the past, but now it has grown to the extent where it may become unmaintainable/unsalvageable.
 * Delete as overgrown list that's potentially unmaintainable. --SuperDude 04:24, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Votes for deletion/List of songs whose title does not appear in the lyrics --rob 04:41, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as has been decided each time it's been nominated. -- Jake 07:08, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. What sort of craziness says that while there weren't many songs on this list it was worth having in Wikipedia, but now that it has been extended it is no longer encyclopaedic? Grutness...  wha?  10:03, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, neutral, factual, verifiable. Trollderella 16:17, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, not incredibly long. Kappa 18:49, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - there seems to be no unifying theme in this massive list. Having the title in the lyrics seems as common as not, and the fact that two songs do not have their title in their lyrics establishes no artistic common thread between them. I think any grouping based on lyrical content should establish such a common thread. That said, this article seems to me a collection of random facts, about as useful as List of songs where the letter E does not appear in the lyrics. flowersofnight 20:17, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - unmanageable. --MacRusgail 20:54, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: original research, impossible to practically verifiy, unmaintainable, and likely to grow without bounds. --Carnildo 22:11, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * keep This list may be of some minor convenience at some point sometime. Youngamerican 02:31, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP (How is this considered original research? It's taking things that are easy-to-verify and putting them all in one place).  If this list gets unmanageable, a simple change would be to make an alphabetized page for each band (ie: Bands starting with A, Starting with B etc).  Also, my vote goes as per Trollderella and Kappa and Jake Nelson above. --Tedzsee 03:28, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Trollderella, or at least categorize. --Jacquelyn Marie 03:37, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Gamaliel 18:24, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as unmaintainable listcruft, especially since the criteria for inclusion is hardly distinctive, as flowersofnight notes above. MCB 20:51, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per above.  Grue   17:33, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP, for reasons already stated, yadda yadda yadda. But possibly consolidate to only include songs released as singles. --Fallout boy 03:33, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Utterly pointless. I can't even believe how many people vote to keep it, and I'm a bit tired of hearing the same old retort "Oh it's been useful to me in the past!". How how how? You are side-stepping the issue. It is not enough to state the list IS useful. HOW is it useful? And besides its trivial content, the list is already growing beyond acceptable proportion. Furthermore I agree with everything Flowersofnight said. Please people, offer a reasonable defense --Steerpike 15:58, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Somebody obviously went to to a lot of work to create this or they copied from someone that did a lot of work. Why should we take that away from them?--Ewok Slayer 02:14, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Hood River (Nunavut)

The Hood River of Nunavut, Canada, is a 400 km long river draining into the Arctic Ocean from its headwaters in the interior of Canada's tundra at Napaktulik Lake, close to the Northwest Territories border. The river ends at Arctic Sound near the community of Bathurst Inlet. The river is above the Arctic Circle and tree line.

Lake trout are plentiful and can be almost a metre long. The upper lakes of the Hood can be frozen until July, and on the banks of the river, grizzlies, wolves, wolverines, and muskox are plentiful. In the short Arctic summer, canoeists braving the mighty river can see the migration of the barren-ground caribou through the area. Muskox and wolves are also common sights.

There are numerous rapids, waterfalls and glaciers along the river. Wilberforce Gorge is a steep, high gorge that runs for 3 km at almost 76 m deep. Kattimannap Qurlua, at the head of the gorge, is the highest waterfall north of the Arctic Circle falling 49 m in two 24 m drops.

During Sir John Franklin's first overland expedition, the Coppermine expedition, he came back up this river, after going down the Coppermine River, then east along the Arctic Coast to Point Turnagain, while searching for the Northwest Passage. The river gets its name from Lieutenant Robert Hood, who was murdered on the overland trek back to Fort Enterprise.

title: Hood River (Nunavut)


text:
47 Aurigae

47 Aurigae ( Lord RICHARD ) is a star located around 680 light years away from the Sun in the northern constellation of Auriga. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.88. This object is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −48 km/s, and is expected to come to within 34.08 pc in around 3.6 million years.

This object is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of K4 III, having exhausted the hydrogen supply at its core then expanded to 36 times the Sun's radius. It is roughly two billion years old with 1.4 times the mass of the Sun. The star is radiating 358 times the luminosity of the Sun from its swollen photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,157 K.

title: 47 Aurigae


text:
39 Aurigae

39 Aurigae is a single star in the constellation of Auriga. The designation is from the star catalogue of English astronomer John Flamsteed, first published in 1712. The star is just barely visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 5.90. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 20.11 mas as seen from Earth, it is located 112 light years away. 5 Andromedae is moving further from the Sun with a radial velocity of +34 km/s. It has a relatively high proper motion, advancing across the celestial sphere at the rate of 0.151 arc seconds per year.

This is an F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F1 V. It is an estimated 603 million years old with a relatively high rate of spin, showing a projected rotational velocity of around 88 km/s. The star has 1.45 times the mass of the Sun and it is radiating 9.36 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of around 7,161 K.

title: 39 Aurigae


text:
User:Orizon/Caparo

The House of Lords in 'Caparo Industries v Dickman' (1990, House of Lords) adopted at least some of the concerns expressed in different common law courts at the two-stage test set out in Anns v. Merton London Borough Council. The three-stage 'Caparo' test required:
 * foreseeability of damage
 * a relationship characterised by the law as one of proximity or neighbourhood; and
 * that the situation should be one in which the court considers it would be fair just and reasonable that the law should impose a duty of given scope on one party for the benefit of the other.

It should be stated that once a case falls within Hedley Byrne v Heller there is no further requirement for a consideration of whether it is ‘fair just and reasonable’ to impose liability.

Caparo remains the relevant decision for the United Kingdom. It may be said that it differs from Anns in that the approach to each case is not from a general proposition of Lord Atkin’s principle but from a consideration of the particular relationships which have previously given rise to a duty of care.

Facts & Background
The facts of Caparo were that the defendants were the auditors of a company, Fidelity Plc. The plaintiff acquired shares in Fidelity Plc on the basis of the accounts of Fidelity as audited by the defendants. In fact the reality of the financial position of the company was announced to be (to the stock exchange) significantly worse than the audited accounts revealed shortly after the acquisition of the shares by the plaintiffs.

On a preliminary issue as to whether a duty of care existed in the circumstances as alleged by the Plaintiff, the Plaintiff was unsuccessful at first instance but was successful in the Court of Appeal in establishing a duty of care might exist in the circumstances. The House of Lords unanimously held there was no duty of care on the facts as alleged by the Plaintiff.

Legal Reasoning
Lord Bridge of Harwich who delivered the leading judgment stated the now famous Caparo test. That is:
 * Foreseeability;
 * Proximity or neighbourhood in the relevant relationship;
 * The situation should be one in which it is fair just and reasonable that the law should impose a duty of a given scope on one part for the benefit of the other.

Lord Bridge says that the principles have developed since Anns' case. Indeed, even Lord Wilberforce had subsequently recognised that foreseeability alone was not a sufficient test of proximity. It is necessary to consider the particular circumstances and relationships which exist.

Lord Bridge Then proceeds to analyse the particular facts of the case based upon principles of proximity and relationship. He refers approvingly to the dissenting judgment of Denning LJ (as he then was) in Candler v Crane Christmas (1951, Court of Appeal) where Denning LJ held that the relationship must be one where the accountant or auditor preparing the accounts was aware of the particular person and purpose for which the accounts being prepared would be used.

There could not be a duty owed in respect of ‘liability in an indeterminate amount for an indeterminate time to an indeterminate class (Ultramares Corp v Touche (1931, New York Court of Appeal)). Applying those principles, the defendants owed no duty of care to potential investors in the company who might acquire shares in the company on the basis of the audited accounts.

Although it was not necessary to decide the matter, it would seem unlikely that shareholders independently would have any right of action against the auditors for negligently prepared accounts even if they chose to dispose of their shares on the basis of those accounts. The company itself would have a right of action for any loss it suffered as a result of those accounts being negligently prepared.

The judgment is lengthy as also is the judgment of Lord Oliver and Lord Jauncey.

Legal Significance
The judgment does overturn the decision of a judge at first instance in JEB Fasteners Ltd v Marks Bloom (1981) and is in disagreement with a decision of the New Zealand Court of Appeal in Scott Group Limited v McFarlane in both of which cases a duty of care was found in substantially similar circumstances.

Caparo leaves open the question of the law in Australia and whether the decision in Caparo would be followed.

The decision is also noteworthy for the fulsome comments made as to the analysis of Brennan J of the Australian High Court in Sutherland Shire Council v Heyman espousing the proposition that the law should develop novel categories of negligence ‘incrementally and by analogy with established categories’.

title: User:Orizon/Caparo


text:
5 Aurigae

5 Aurigae is a triple star system in the northern constellation of Auriga, located about 195 light years away from the Sun based on parallax. It is just visible to the naked eye as a dim, yellow-white hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.95. The system is moving away from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +6 km/s, having come within 19.14 pc some 8.7 million years ago.

This was initially discovered to be a binary star system by Otto Struve. The outer pair has an orbital period of 1,598 years with an eccentricity of 0.536. The magnitude 6.02 primary, component A, is itself a binary system consisting of two stars of similar mass, roughly 1.5 times the mass of the Sun each, with an orbital period of 2951 days. It has a stellar classification of F5 V, matching an F-type main-sequence star.

As of 2017, component B is a magnitude 9.50 star at an angular separation of $6$ from the primary along a position angle of 285°.

title: 5 Aurigae


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Super Saiyan 4 Gojita

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete and redirect to Gogeta. – Jitse Niesen (talk) 23:57, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Super Saiyan 4 Gojita
This is a duplicate article of Gogeta and also it is very messy. Super Saiyan Plough 04:25, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and redirect to Gogeta Saberwyn 07:52, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * KEEP, authentic and more information on SSJ4 Gojita — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.70.95.203 (talk • contribs) 09:38, 14 October 2005

I WAS the one who added a lot of information to the page of "Gogeta" though some of them have been removed by "kids". I am only doing this for the benefit of the western world who seems to think the information they have is more accurate than from a Japanese source for A-ni-me. For those who doesn't like the page of "Super Saiyan 4 Gojita" can goto "Gogeta" page instead. Super Saiyan 4 Gojita is not a duplication of Gogeta, it concentrates on SSJ 4 Gojita only. This is a special character in the Dragonball GT series and deserves an entire page on its own. "Super Saiyan 4 Gojita" page provides more information on the character, not to mention it is the most authentic.

For user SS Plough: Just visit page "Gogeta" Do not bother with page "Super Saiyan 4 Gojita". My page provides authentic information from JAPANESE ORIGINALS with pictures, not western dubbed rubbish. If this is a web page, it would be more nicely laid out, but most people on here are interested in information, not decoration, much like crap such as Macromedia's Flash. Page Gogeta is also a messy page, information is not in any order or structure.

For people who are interested in general information on the character Gogeta may visit page Gogeta. For more detailed information on Super Saiyan 4 Gojita (the most powerful character in Dragonball Z/ GT universe, this is mentioned in the Japanese original version), they should visit "Super Saiyan 4 Gogita".

 * Delete and redirect as per Saberwyn. Gogeta in any form only appears in one movie and maybe one or two GT episodes if I recall correctly. We don't need 2 pages about him. Besides, SSJ4 Gogeta is the same person as Gogeta, just using a special ability. flowersofnight 13:25, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I would want to vote for merge with Gogeta and redirect. However, the author does not want to merge. In my opinion, this means he is withdrawing his decision to put this under GNU/FDL. Although technically we would have the right to do this, since the text is indeed under GNU/FDL, I think the honorable thing would be to delete. - Andre Engels 13:29, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It IS NOT the same person. SSJ4 is an important and most powerful character in the whole Dragonball universe (please refer to Japanese web sites or ask Mr. Toriyama himself as he has approved the story). Page Gogeta talks mostly about SSJ 2 form of Gogeta and why should that page has importance and priority over "Super Saiyan 4 Gojita"?? What about importing page Gogeta's information into Super Saiyan 4 Gojita??

Erased page will be resubmited over and over again. If you don't like the Gojita page, then read Gogeta page. Do not bother and disturb the Gojita's page.

It is also very interesting to know that all of the sudden there is a group of people supporting the other page. Does the author of page Gogeta have friends or companies forming an alliance? ......or seemingly different people but in fact self-support masqueraded by the same person??? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Masato (talk • contribs) 08:40, October 14, 2005

 * Delete as per Andre Engels. I'd vote merge as well, but as the creator of the article does not WANT it merged, the only choice left is delete. Masato, note that there aren't pages for SSj1 Goku, SSj2 Goku, SSj3 Goku, etc. They all go under one article page. All versions of Gogeta/Gojita should do the same, because they are NOT seperate characters. This seems a clear case of you wanting to have your own page rather than doing the much more logical AND Wikipedia-rules friendly action of cleaning up Gogeta rather than complaining about it. Also, please sign your comments. Thank you. Nezu Chiza 16:15, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Masato: That is NOT the point. I do not disturb other's work and do not care if there are pages on different characters for any series. I don't have to read them and do not concern about erasing other's work. I am only concerned with information. You read what you like and stick with the other page if you like. Don't dictate what others do!

The author has decided to erase the gojita page, not to waste time on the western world. Also, like we use real IP address !!!! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.30.64.72 (talk • contribs) 11:27, 15 October 2005

 * Merge and redirect. Otherwise we face the potential of having each version of every character (if I recall correctly, some have > 3 different versions) have a page of their own.  Oberiko 21:19, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment: Oberiko has it in one. If every character in every fictional work had an article for each of their forms, the amount of Wikipdia articles would more than quadruple, and sooo many would be duplicate articles. Even Anakin Skywalker and Darth Vader have to share. Plough talk to me 00:56, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:65.41.57.161

title: User talk:65.41.57.161


text:
AE Aurigae

AE Aurigae (abbreviated as AE Aur) is a runaway star in the constellation Auriga; it lights the Flaming Star Nebula.

Description
AE Aurigae is a blue O-type main sequence star with a mean apparent magnitude of +6.0. It is classified as an Orion type variable star and its brightness varies irregularly between magnitudes +5.78 and +6.08. It is approximately 1,300 light-years from Earth.

AE Aur is a runaway star that might have been ejected during a collision of two binary star groups. This collision, which also is credited with ejecting Mu Columbae and possibly 53 Arietis, has been traced to the Trapezium cluster in the Orion Nebula two million years ago. The binary Iota Orionis may have been the other half of this collision.

AE Aur is seen to light up the Flaming Star nebula, but it was not formed within it. Instead it is passing through the nebula at high speed and producing a violent bow shock and high energy electromagnetic radiation.

Companions
Possibly due to its runaway star nature, AE Aurigae has no physical companion stars, although some nearby stars have been erroneously identified as ones. A theoretical companion 1000 AU (0.016 light-years) away from AE Aurigae would have an angular separation of less than 2.5 arcseconds and would probably be lost in the star's glare.

title: AE Aurigae


text:
1969–70 NHL season

The 1969–70 NHL season was the 53rd season of the National Hockey League. For the third straight season, the St. Louis Blues reached the Stanley Cup Finals, and for the third straight year, the winners of the expansion West Division were swept four games to none. This time, however, it was at the hands of the Boston Bruins, as the defending champions Montreal Canadiens narrowly missed the playoffs, something that did not happen again for the next quarter century. With both the Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs missing the 1970 Stanley Cup playoffs, it was the first time in league history that no Canadian team in the NHL (two Canadian teams at the time) qualified for the playoffs (something that has happened only once since, in 2016, when all seven NHL's Canadian teams missed the playoffs). It was also the final season that teams wore their colored jerseys at home until the 2003–04 season.

Regular season
Detroit owner Bruce Norris installed a phone at the Red Wing bench connected to his at his seat in the Olympia. When coach Bill Gadsby saw the phone, he ordered it removed. Gadsby was fired after three games

Bobby Orr of the Boston Bruins became the first (and to date, the only) defenceman in NHL history to win the league scoring championship. He did it by setting a new record for assists with 87 and totalling 120 points, only six shy of the point record set the previous season by teammate Phil Esposito. Along the way, he also won the Norris Trophy for the third straight year as the top defenceman, the Hart Trophy for league MVP, and the Conn Smythe Trophy for the playoff MVP, being the only player in the NHL to win four individual awards in a single season.

Gordie Howe finished the season within the ten leading NHL point scorers for an all-time record of 21 consecutive seasons; it was the final season he did so.

For the second straight season, the St. Louis Blues easily won the West Division, being the only team in the division to have a winning record.

The East Division, however, saw a temporary changing of the guard, as Montreal dropped from first the previous season to fifth, missing the playoffs on the total goals scored tie-breaker with the New York Rangers. The Rangers were in first place for a time, but injuries on the blueline doomed any hope of a first-place finish, and they even obtained Tim Horton in desperation. It was the only season Montreal failed to make the playoffs between 1948 and 1995, and as the Toronto Maple Leafs also failed to make the postseason, this was the first playoffs in NHL history to feature no Canadian teams. These developments were instrumental in the decision to move Chicago to the West Division in conjunction with the 1970 expansion, and the adoption of "crossover" playoff series between East and West Division teams the following season. The division crossover kept the newer expansion teams out of the Stanley Cup Finals for the next three seasons. The Bruins and the Black Hawks both tied for the lead in the East (and entire league) with 99 points, but Chicago was awarded first place because they had 5 more wins. It was Chicago's second first-place finish in team history (the first being 1966–67).

Canadiens/Rangers tiebreaker
The last two playoff berths in the East Division were contested by three teams entering the final weekend of the season. The Detroit Red Wings were in third place with 93 points, followed by the Montreal Canadiens with 92 and the New York Rangers with 90. The Red Wings captured the third seed with a 6–2 win over the Rangers on Saturday night. The Canadiens needed just one victory to clinch the fourth and final berth. A New York win and a Montreal loss in their final games would give each team identical 38–22–16 records. At that time, the next tiebreaker was goals scored, in which the Canadiens held a 242–237 advantage. The Rangers had to outscore the Canadiens by at least five goals in order to qualify for the postseason. Scoring for the Blueshirts started early and often, leading 4-1 after the first period and 7-3 after two periods. Up 9-3 late in the third period, the Rangers pulled goaltender Eddie Giacomin in an attempt to pile on more goals and to pad the overall goal scoring lead, but instead surrendered two goals to Detroit. After the final buzzer, the Rangers peppered Red Wings goaltender Crozier with a franchise-record 65 shots on goal en route to a 9–5 triumph and a four-goal lead over Montreal.

Later that evening, the Canadiens either had to win, or score at least five goals in defeat, but were up against a Black Hawks team needing a victory to clinch top seed in the divisional playoffs. With Montreal trailing 5–2 and desperate for three more goals with 9:16 remaining in the third period, coach Claude Ruel pulled netminder Rogie Vachon for an extra attacker. Instead, the Canadiens surrendered five empty-net goals in a 10–2 defeat and missed the postseason for the only time within a 46-season span from 1949 to 1994. Montreal's Yvan Cournoyer commented on the Red Wings' effort in the afternoon, bitterly stating, "Those guys have no pride."

(E1) Chicago Black Hawks vs. (E3) Detroit Red Wings
The Chicago Black Hawks finished as the NHL's best regular season team with 99 points. Detroit finished third in the East Division with 95 points. This was the ninth playoff meeting between these two teams, and they split their eight previous meetings. They last met in the 1966 semifinals which Detroit won in six games. These teams each won four games of their eight-game regular season series.

In the Chicago-Detroit series, the Black Hawks swept the series, winning all four games by 4–2 scores.

(E2) Boston Bruins vs. (E4) New York Rangers
The Boston Bruins finished second in the East Division, earning 99 points. The New York Rangers earned 92 points to finish fourth in the East. This was the seventh playoff meeting between these two teams, with Boston winning four of their six previous meetings. They last met in the 1958 semifinals which Boston won in six games. These teams each won four games of their eight-game regular season series.

The Bruins clobbered the Rangers 8–2 in game one; Ranger coach Emile Francis replaced Ed Giacomin when the score reached 7–1, in favor of Terry Sawchuk. Sawchuk replaced Giacomin as the starter in game two, but Boston won 5–3.

Game three at Madison Square Garden featured a hostile crowd, with the New York fans booing, shouting obscenities and throwing objects at the Boston players. Giacomin – back in goal for the Rangers – reportedly told Bruin Derek Sanderson "We're being paid to get you tonight." A subsequent brawl erupted into both benches clearing, as well as fans littering the ice with debris; it took 19 minutes to play the first 91 seconds of the game. By the end of the Rangers' 4–3 win, the teams had set a new NHL playoff record for penalties (38) and penalty minutes (174).

Game four had Rod Gilbert score two goals in a 4–2 Ranger win. Giacomin was brilliant in goal for the Rangers and one of the highlights was stopping Derek Sanderson on a shorthanded breakaway. Game five was won by Boston 3–2 as Esposito scored two goals. Bobby Orr set up the winner when he stole a pass at center ice when the Rangers were caught on a line change. Game six was won easily by the Bruins and featured another display of fan abuse. Bobby Orr scored two goals, including the winner. Fans threw eggs and ball bearings on the ice, and when the outcome was no longer in doubt, set fires in the mezzanine of Madison Square Garden.

(W1) St. Louis Blues vs. (W3) Minnesota North Stars
The St. Louis Blues finished first in the West Division with 86 points. The Minnesota North Stars earned 60 points to finish third in the West. This was the second playoff meeting between these two teams. Their only previous meeting was in the 1968 semi-finals which St. Louis won in seven games. St. Louis won this year's eight-game regular season series, earning ten of sixteen points.

The St. Louis Blues ousted the Minnesota North Stars in six games, with the home team winning the first five. The Blues won the first two games at the St. Louis Arena. Game three at the Metropolitan Sports Center featured Gump Worsley's sharp goaltending and Bill Goldsworthy scoring two goals in a 4–2 win for the North Stars. Cesare Maniago played in goal for Minnesota in game four and picked up a 4–0 shutout, tying the series. Game five at St. Louis Arena was tied 3–3 when St Louis scored three goals in the third period by Red Berenson, Terry Gray, and Jim Roberts and the Blues won 6–3. In game six, Ab McDonald scored two goals as the Blues eliminated the North Stars by a score of 4–2.

(W2) Pittsburgh Penguins vs. (W4) Oakland Seals
Pittsburgh finished second in the West Division, earning 64 points. Oakland earned 58 points to finish fourth in the West. This was the first and only series between these two teams. Oakland won this year's eight-game regular season series, earning nine of sixteen points.

In game one, Nick Harbaruk's goal midway through the third period was the winner as Pittsburgh won 2–1. In game two, Gary Jarrett gave Oakland a 1–0 lead, but Pittsburgh came back to win 3–1. Game three at Oakland featured a hat trick by Ken Schinkel of the Penguins as Pittsburgh won 5–2. Game four saw Oakland holding 1–0 and 2–1 leads, but the Seals just couldn't hold on and the game was tied 2–2 at the end of regulation time, with Michel Briere scoring the series winning goal at 8:28 of overtime for Pittsburgh. It was the final time the Seals made the playoffs. The Stanley Cup playoffs did not return to the Bay Area until 1994 when the San Jose Sharks made the playoffs for the first time. This also marks only the second of three times ever a team in any of the four North American major sports have swept a team in their first playoff series.

(E1) Chicago Black Hawks vs. (E2) Boston Bruins
This was the third meeting between these two teams with Boston winning both of their meetings. They last met in the 1942 quarter-finals where Boston won the best-of-three series in three games. These two teams split their eight-game regular season series, each earning eight points.

Boston beat Chicago in four straight games to win the East Division final for the first time.

(W1) St. Louis Blues vs. (W2) Pittsburgh Penguins
This was the first playoff meeting between these two teams. St. Louis won this year's eight-game regular season series, earning twelve of sixteen points.

The St. Louis Blues beat the Pittsburgh Penguins in six games to have won every West Division Final, as there were no Division Finals the following season. The Pens did not get to the semifinals again until their championship season in 1991.

Stanley Cup Finals
This was the first playoff meeting between these two teams. This was St. Louis' third Stanley Cup Finals, having advanced to the round every season since entering the league. In both of their previous appearances, they lost to the Montreal Canadiens in four games. This was Boston's eleventh Stanley Cup Finals appearance, having won the championship three times previously. They last advanced to the Finals in 1958 where they lost to Montreal in six games. Boston won this year's six-game regular season series, earning eight of twelve points.

Phil Esposito of the Bruins led all playoff scorers with 13 goals and 14 assists for 27 points, at the time a new NHL playoff record, followed by Orr with 20 points and Johnny Bucyk of the Bruins with 19 points. Gerry Cheevers of the Bruins led all goaltenders with twelve wins, while Jacques Plante of the Blues led all goaltenders in goals against average in the playoffs with 1.48.

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points Source: NHL.

Leading goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals against average; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts

Other statistics

 * Plus-Minus leader: Bobby Orr, Boston Bruins

East

 * Boston Bruins: Harry Sinden
 * Chicago Black Hawks: Billy Reay
 * Detroit Red Wings: Bill Gadsby and Sid Abel
 * Montreal Canadiens: Claude Ruel
 * New York Rangers: Emile Francis
 * Toronto Maple Leafs: John McLellan

West

 * Los Angeles Kings: Hal Laycoe and Larry Regan
 * Minnesota North Stars: Wren Blair and Charlie Burns
 * Oakland Seals: Fred Glover
 * Philadelphia Flyers: Vic Stasiuk
 * Pittsburgh Penguins: Red Kelly
 * St. Louis Blues: Scotty Bowman

Debuts
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1969–70 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):
 * Keith Magnuson, Chicago Black Hawks
 * Butch Goring, Los Angeles Kings
 * Gilles Gilbert, Minnesota North Stars
 * Guy Charron, Montreal Canadiens
 * Marc Tardif, Montreal Canadiens
 * Réjean Houle, Montreal Canadiens
 * Don Luce, New York Rangers
 * Bobby Clarke, Philadelphia Flyers

Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1969–70 (listed with their last team):
 * Ron Murphy, Boston Bruins
 * Leo Boivin, Minnesota North Stars
 * Moose Vasko, Minnesota North Stars
 * Claude Provost, Montreal Canadiens
 * Terry Sawchuk, New York Rangers
 * Camille Henry, St. Louis Blues
 * Johnny Bower, Toronto Maple Leafs
 * Marcel Pronovost, Toronto Maple Leafs

Broadcasting
Hockey Night in Canada on CBC Television televised Saturday night regular season games and Stanley Cup playoff games. HNIC also produced Wednesday night regular season game telecasts for CTV.

This was the fourth season under the U.S. rights agreement with CBS, airing Sunday afternoon regular season and playoff games.

title: 1969–70 NHL season


text:
User:ForgeGod

My Wikipedia contributions: TQBF, Formula game, #P-Completeness of Permanent, Communication complexity, Alexius Meinong

title: User:ForgeGod


text:
Kattimannap Qurlua

Kattimannap Qurlua, formerly Wilberforce Falls, is an almost 60 m tall waterfall located in the Wilberforce Gorge of the Hood River in Nunavut, Canada. The falls are one of the few major waterfalls in the North America mainland north of the Arctic Circle.

Name
The waterfall was originally named for William Wilberforce, an English politician and leader of the movement to abolish the slave trade. In 2020 the name of the falls was changed to Kattimannap Qurlua.

title: Kattimannap Qurlua


text:
54 Aurigae

54 Aurigae is a multiple star system located around 800 ly away from the Sun in the northern constellation of Auriga. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, blue-white hued star with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 6.02. The system is moving further from the Sun with a heliocentric radial velocity of around +19 km/s.

54 Aurigae is resolved into two visible components, of magnitudes 6.22 and 7.82, separated by $−0.087$. The double was discovered in 1843 when the separation was only $19$. There is no separate measure of the parallax of the secondary, but it shares a common proper motion with the brighter star and they are assumed to form a binary. The spectral class B7 III is assigned to the brighter of the pair, indicating a hot giant star, although it has also been given as B7/8 III/V, suggesting it may be a main sequence star. Most sources can't give a separate spectral classification for the fainter star, but it has been listed as DA1/K4V, indicating it is either a white dwarf or red dwarf.

The brighter component of the visible pair is an eclipsing binary with a period of 1.8797 days, and a primary eclipse depth of 0.03 magnitudes. It is radiating 315 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 11083 K, and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 65 km/s.

title: 54 Aurigae


text:
62 Aurigae

62 Aurigae is a star located 559 light years away from the Sun in the northern constellation of Auriga. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.02. This object is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +25 km/s. It is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of K2 III, having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core then expanded to 22 times the Sun's radius. 62 Aurigae is radiating 167 times the luminosity of the Sun from its swollen photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,389 K.

title: 62 Aurigae