text:
Buy to let

Buy-to-let is a British phrase referring to the purchase of a property specifically to let out, that is to rent it out. A buy-to-let mortgage is a mortgage loan specifically designed for this purpose. Buy-to-let properties are usually residential but the term also encompasses student property investments and hotel room investments.

History
Before the 1980s the number of private individuals who became landlords was very small. Buying a property to rent was seen as the preserve of professional landlords and persons who were sufficiently wealthy to pay cash or having sizable deposits enabling them to obtain commercial-style mortgages. The modern 'buy-to-let' mortgage was not available and the possibility of purchasing property as a means of funding a retirement income did not occur to most people. The infrastructure of loans, advice, and information was not available.

The critical change came with the Housing Act of 1988 when the assured shorthold tenancy came into being. This gave potential landlords and lenders the confidence that tenants would only reside in the property for a fixed period.

Since the mid-to-late 1990s buy-to-let has grown strongly. According to the Council of Mortgage Lenders, lenders advanced more than 1.7 million buy-to-let loans between 1999 and 2015. Over the past 12 years the private rented doubled in size. Buy-to-let mortgage balances outstanding recently grew to more than £200 billion – equivalent to the gross domestic product of Hong Kong.

Benefits and risk
As for all property rental, the benefits for a buy-to-let landlord can include a stable income from rental receipts and an accumulation of wealth if house prices go up. Rising house prices in the UK have made buy-to-let a popular way to invest. The main risk involves leveraged speculation, where the landlord takes a loan to buy the property with the expectation that the house can be sold later for a higher price, or that rental income will meet or exceed the cost of the loan. In the best outcome for the landlord they will have benefited from the use of the lending banks money indicating that they have allocated the capital more efficiently than professional investors could have done. If the landlord cannot meet the conditions of their mortgage repayments then the bank will seek to take possession of the property and sell it to gain the loaned money. If prices have fallen, leveraging could leave the landlord in negative equity.

Further risks are substantial changes in Government policy (see the section below).

Yields
Recent figures from the National Landlords Association (NLA) suggest that, as of September 2014, 27% of landlords who let out a single property and 19% of landlords who let out between two and four properties either break even or run at a loss.

On average, gross buy-to-let yields (the annual return on investment before the deduction of running costs) stood at 5.1% as of December 2014. This represented a decrease of 0.2 pp from average yields in December 2013.

Gross rental yields vary across the country with the highest yields delivered in Scotland at 6.1% and cities in the north of England, whilst yields in London stand at 4.1%.

Gross rental yields in the world's premier cities range between 1.6% (in Taipei) and 11.7% (in Moldova's Chisinau). Gross rental yields on residential property have trended down globally for several years, and have generally continued to fall since the housing crisis.

Buy-to-let mortgages
Buy-to-let mortgage is a mortgage arrangement in which an investor borrows money to purchase property in the private rented sector in order to let it out to tenants. Buy-to-let mortgages have been on offer in the UK since 1996.

Lenders calculate how much they are willing to lend using a different formula than for an owner-occupied property. They tend to look at the expected monthly rental income to determine the maximum loan available. Depending on the lender, borrowers might also be allowed to include their own personal income in the calculation of the maximum amount that they can borrow. First-time landlords might also be required to have a separate annual income of at least £25,000. For an owner-occupied property, the calculation is typically a multiple of the owner's annual income.

The most common type of buy-to-let mortgage is an interest only option. The interest rate on the mortgage can be fixed or variable. Fixed rates means that the payments would not fluctuate, and variable rates means that the payments may go up or down in line with the Bank of England base rate. The interest rates and fees that are offered on BTL mortgages are, on average, slightly higher than those for an owner-occupied mortgage. This is due to the perception amongst banks and other lending institutions that BTL mortgages represent a greater risk than residential owner-occupier mortgages.

Many people may not be able to qualify for a buy-to-let mortgage. Criteria for acceptance can include deposit amounts, credit rating, and more.

In the late 1990s and during the early part of the 21st century, this type of investment became popular and helped drive house prices dramatically upwards.

Buy-to-let and negative publicity
Buy-to-let has experienced much poor press over the past few years, with many commentators believing that it has contributed to rampant house price inflation. Oxford Economics stated in August 2007 that buy-to-let is "undoubtedly contributing to the overvaluation of housing".

One of the difficulties in determining how buy-to-let has contributed to the house price inflation is that there have been concurrent changes in the property market, such as population increase, and substantial foreign direct investment in property.

Figures released by UK Finance for the third quarter of 2019 showed a 40% year-on-year increase for buy-to-let repossessions.

Tenant protection
The government has taken steps to protect tenants over recent years, including compulsory third party deposit protection schemes and compulsory licensing of homes in multiple occupation (HMOs).

The Queen's Speech 2022 committed to a Bill in the 2022-23 session to abolish 'no-fault' section 21 evictions in the private rented sector. Rent review clauses will be abolished and landlords will only be allowed to put up their rents once a year. Two months' notice of any rent increase must be given.

Tax treatment
Until 2015, Government policy in respect of buy-to-let had been relatively benign, but this changed in the Budgets and Autumn Statement of 2015. Four major steps were taken to reduce the attractiveness of the investment:
 * 1) Restriction of tax relief on mortgage finance costs to basic rate tax only.
 * 2) Removal of 10% 'wear and tear' allowance.
 * 3) Introduction of additional 3% Stamp duty surcharge.
 * 4) Accelerated payment schedule for Capital Gains Tax due.

(The changes around tax relief on mortgage finance costs referred to above mean landlords can deduct only the equivalent of basic rate relief on their tax return, which can cause their personal taxation to be pushed into a higher income tax band even if they are not receiving sufficient income to justify it under other circumstances. )

Enhanced tax collection measures
The government has also taken steps to improve tax collection from BTL landlords over recent years, measures include:
 * Giving HMRC access to third party deposit protection schemes (see above).
 * Mandatory reporting of landlord details by estate agents to HMRC.
 * Giving HMRC access to licence details of homes in multiple occupation (see above).
 * Dedicated HMRC tax taskforces deployed to hunt down tax-evading landlords.

Prudential Regulation Authority changes to buy-to-let lending criteria
The Prudential Regulation Authority regulates a large number, but not all, buy-to-let lenders

Phase I

In September 2016, the PRA announced a deadline of January 1, 2017, for lenders to put in place recommended new minimum underwriting standards for buy-to-let applications.

The PRA stated that the determination of affordability should incorporate an Interest coverage ratio (ICR) calculation, which it defined as: “the ratio of the expected monthly rental income from the buy-to-let property to the monthly interest payments which take into account likely future interest rate increases.”

At the time of its Supervisory Statement SS 13/16, in September 2016, the mortgage industry standard for setting the minimum ICR threshold was 125%. Subsequently, the majority of lenders set a minimum ICR threshold of 145%.

The PRA guidelines went further, recommending that lenders assess a borrower’s ability to keep up monthly mortgage payments if rates went up in the future, suggesting that firms should apply an assumed minimum borrower interest rate of 5.5%.

Phase II

Lenders who fell under the PRA rules, had to interpret a second set of changes and implement these by September 30, 2017. Under the second phase of PRA Rules, the underwriting process applied by lenders became much stricter, particularly for buy-to-let landlords owning four or more properties, labelled ‘portfolio landlords’.

In the Supervisory Statement (SS13/16), the PRA stated:

“The PRA expects firms to recognise that existing experience and skills acquired in buy-to-let lending do not automatically translate into equivalent skills when assessing portfolio landlords. Lending to portfolio landlords is inherently more complex given the quantum of debt in aggregate, the cash flows and costs arising from multiple tenancies and potential risks of property and/or geographical concentrations.”

With the PRA changes, lenders now had to look in much more depth at the borrower’s finances. However, lender interpretation of the new rules varied greatly; with some lenders opting to no longer offer buy-to-let products to portfolio landlords, while others adopted differing approaches to underwriting to this demographic. Portfolio landlords must now submit significantly more information about their existing properties, rental income and business plans than were required prior to this change.

Buy-to-leave
In the UK, particularly in London, there is a phenomenon known as 'buy-to-leave' where investors buy properties and leave them empty in order to benefit from rising house prices without the hassle of having to deal with tenants. Nationally 'buy-to-leave' accounts for a small percentage of vacant properties according to the charity Empty Homes, but Kensington and Chelsea council estimated in 2015 that as many as one in four houses in certain parts of their neighbourhood are affected, driving up prices while restricting the number of households that actually live there. Overall long-term empty houses account for 2% of properties in Kensington and Chelsea. In north London, Camden council managed to reduce the number of empty homes by charging a surcharge of 50% on council tax on homes left empty for more than two years.

Some politicians have blamed overseas investors for buying homes and leaving them empty, but research has found that only 2% of overseas buyers of newly built London property would use the property as a second home, with 65% instead intending to rent them out, and 33% buying them as homes for children attending university in London.

As of 2016 prime central London house prices began falling, reducing the attractiveness of "buy to leave".

title: Buy to let


text:
Sidney Hickox

Sidney Barnett Hickox, A.S.C. (July 15, 1895 – May 16, 1982) was an American film and television cinematographer.

Career
New York City-born Hickox started his film career at the age of 20 as an assistant cameraman at Manhattan's Biograph Studios and quickly became a full-time director of photography with Gloria's Romance in 1916.

Following World War I, where he was a photographer for the US Naval Air Service, he relocated to Hollywood and joined the staff of First National Pictures. When the studio was absorbed by Warner Bros. in 1928, he remained there and worked on hundreds of projects until his retirement from feature films.

Hickox also directed multiple episodes of the TV series I Love Lucy and The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour during their final seasons, as well as most of the episodes of The Andy Griffith Show during its lengthy run.

Filmography

 * Gloria's Romance (1916)
 * Democracy – The Vision Restored (1920)
 * School Days (1921)
 * Your Best Friend (1922)
 * Marriage Morals (1923)
 * Those Who Dance (1924)
 * The Little Giant (1926)
 * The Private Life of Helen of Troy (1927)
 * Sailors' Wives (1928)
 * Happiness Ahead (1928)
 * Oh, Kay! (1928)
 * Lilac Time (1928)
 * Synthetic Sin (1929)
 * Why Be Good? (1929)
 * Hot Stuff (1929)
 * Two Weeks Off (1929)
 * Smiling Irish Eyes (1929)
 * Footlights and Fools (1929)
 * The Love Racket (1929)
 * Strictly Modern (1930)
 * Those Who Dance (1930)
 * Contre-enquête (1930)
 * The Dance Goes On (1930)
 * The Flirting Widow (1930)
 * Sweet Mama (1930)
 * Top Speed (1930)
 * The Way of All Men (1930)
 * The Mask Falls (1931)
 * The Gorilla (1930)
 * The Naughty Flirt (1930)
 * Too Young to Marry (1931)
 * Party Husband (1931)
 * Broadminded (1931)
 * The Last Flight (1931)
 * Pleasure (1931)
 * Convicted (1931)
 * Blonde Crazy (1931)
 * The Sea Ghost (1931)
 * Safe in Hell (1931)
 * The Hatchet Man (1931)
 * So Big! (1932)
 * The Crowd Roars (1932)
 * Love Is a Racket (1932)
 * The Purchase Price (1932)
 * A Bill of Divorcement (1932)
 * Central Park (1932)
 * Frisco Jenny (1932)
 * Christopher Strong (1933)
 * The Little Giant (1933)
 * Grand Slam (1933)
 * Central Airport (1933)
 * Mary Stevens, M.D. (1933)
 * The Avenger (1933)
 * Sensation Hunters (1933)
 * Female (1933)
 * The Big Shakedown (1933)
 * Heat Lightning (1933)
 * Twenty Million Sweethearts (1933)
 * Bedside (1934)
 * Registered Nurse (1934)
 * The Circus Clown (1934)
 * Dames (1934)
 * A Lost Lady (1934)
 * I Sell Anything (1934)
 * The St. Louis Kid (1934)
 * O, Sailor Behave! (1934)
 * Living on Velvet (1934)
 * I Am a Thief (1934)
 * The Right to Live (1935)
 * Stranded (1935)
 * Bright Lights (1935)
 * The Goose and the Gander (1935)
 * Special Agent (1935)
 * I Found Stella Parish (1935)
 * The Case of the Velvet Claws (1936)
 * Trailin' West (1936)
 * Brides Are Like That (1936)
 * Give Me Your Heart (1936)
 * Freshman Love (1936)
 * Two Against the World (1936)
 * The Law in Her Hands (1936)
 * Missing Witnesses (1937)
 * Confession (1937)
 * Slim (1937)
 * Stolen Holiday (1937)
 * San Quentin (1937)
 * First Lady (1937)
 * Secrets of an Actress (1938)
 * Women Are Like That (1938)
 * A Slight Case of Murder (1938)
 * Men Are Such Fools (1938)
 * My Bill (1938)
 * King of the Underworld (1939)
 * Indianapolis Speedway (1939)
 * Women in the Wind (1939)
 * Blackwell's Island (1939)
 * Everybody's Hobby (1939)
 * The Return of Doctor X (1939)
 * The Kid from Kokomo (1939)
 * King of the Lumberjacks (1940)
 * The Man Who Talked Too Much (1940)
 * The Doctor Takes a Wife (1940)
 * East of the River (1940)
 * Tear Gas Squad (1940)
 * Flowing Gold (1940)
 * Hal Kemp and His Orchestra (1940)
 * British Intelligence (1940)
 * The Wagons Roll at Night (1941)
 * Thieves Fall Out (1941)
 * Law of the Tropics (1941)
 * Underground (1941)
 * Always in My Heart (1942)
 * All Through the Night (1942)
 * Gentleman Jim (1942)
 * The Big Shot (1942)
 * Northern Pursuit (1943)
 * Edge of Darkness (1943)
 * To Have and Have Not (1944)
 * Uncertain Glory (1944)
 * The Horn Blows at Midnight (1945)
 * God is My Co-Pilot (1945)
 * The Big Sleep (1946)
 * Cheyenne (1947)
 * Dark Passage (1947)
 * The Man I Love (1947)
 * Silver River (1948)
 * One Sunday Afternoon (1948)
 * Fighter Squadron (1948)
 * Colorado Territory (1949)
 * White Heat (1949)
 * The Great Jewel Robber (1950)
 * The West Point Story (1950)
 * Three Secrets (1950)
 * Lightning Strikes Twice (1951)
 * Distant Drums (1951)
 * Fort Worth (1951)
 * Along the Great Divide (1951)
 * The Winning Team (1952)
 * Blowing Wild (1953)
 * So You Want to Learn to Dance (1953)
 * Them! (1954)
 * Battle Cry (1955)

Source:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sidney Hickox


text:
Talk:Sharon Tay

Data to use to start stub
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6827708/

Emmy Award-winner Sharon Tay is host of “MSNBC at the Movies,” an in-depth look at the movie industry and the source of behind-the-scenes information on the latest releases and box office numbers, and “MSNBC Entertainment Hot List,” a blend of the latest television, theater, music, and celebrity style news. “MSNBC at the Movies” telecasts Saturdays, 12-1 p.m. (ET), and “MSNBC Entertainment Host List” telecasts Sundays, 12-1 p.m. (ET) on MSNBC.Prior to joining MSNBC, Tay served as anchor for “KTLA Morning News: First Edition” and “Early Edition” in Los Angeles, Calif. In 2002 and 2004 Tay received an Emmy Award for her co-anchoring duties for Best Regularly Scheduled Daily News, and a Los Angeles Press Club Award in 2003 for “First Edition.” In addition, Tay co-hosted an Emmy-Award winning minority business program on KTLA-TV and also won two more Emmy Awards for Earthquake Coverage and Malibu Fire Coverage. In 2002, she co-hosted the weekly show “The Human Edge” on the National Geographic Channel.

Previously, Tay worked in different capacities at KMST-TV in Monterey, Calif. She served as an investigative reporter for the consumer series “46 On Your Side,” and also served as a producer, general assignment reporter and anchor for the daily and nightly newscasts. In 1992, Tay received an Associated Press Award for Best Spot News.

Tay is a member of the Asian American Journalists Association, and also supports and contributes to Law Enforcement for Asian Pacific, a L.A.P.D. organization for which she was honored by Los Angeles Mayor Richard Riordan and the Los Angeles City Council. In addition, Tay donates time to animal rights activities and AIDS awareness.

Tay received her bachelor of science in broadcast journalism from Boston University College of Communications. She currently resides in New York City.

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website
https://sharontayre.com/ Sharontayofficial (talk) 19:27, 23 August 2023 (UTC)

Photos of Sharon Tay
Hi Wikipedians! I have uploaded two photos. I would like for one of them to be used for the page. Sharontayofficial (talk) 19:33, 23 August 2023 (UTC)
 * File:Selling LA.tif / File:LA Realtor.jpg

 * ✅ Spintendo  19:08, 24 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sharon Tay


text:
Talk:Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants

The Swift Help
The swift help in properly setting up this article by vigilant Wikipedians is greatly appreciated by the undersigned. --drboisclair 11:10, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Ingratiating Luther
An interesting deleted paragraph from the log on Luther's motivation:

While a number of peasant revolts occurred throughout Europe during the Middle Ages, none of them were successful in achieving their aims, and Luther would have known this. To support the peasants would mean throwing in his lot with a side that was doomed to fail, and Luther shrewdly backed the winning parties, guaranteeing the survival of Protestantism. In sacrificing the peasants in order to ingratiate Lutheranism among the Germanic temporal leaders, perhaps Luther was thinking of Matthew 26:11: “The poor you will always have with you, but you will not always have me.”

Varlaam (talk) 15:17, 14 May 2012 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Foxtrot Uniform Charlie Kilo

Notable?
Does an encyclopedia need an article on every single? Maybe this should be deleted or moved to Bloodhound Gang --82.83.152.240 11:10, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Agreed
I believe most singles with any depth of information should be listed under their respective albums, and the song titles redirected to that page. --DrKC9N 02:10, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

Articles for Deletion debate
This article was merged with and redirected to Hefty Fine as a result of an Articles for Deletion debate. The discussion can be found here. -Splash talk 23:47, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:99131.gif
Image:99131.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 10:26, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Foxtrot Uniform Charlie Kilo


text: User talk:213.106.96.237

title: User talk:213.106.96.237


text:
Walter Lee (Australian politician)

Sir Walter Henry Lee KCMG (27 April 1874 – 1 June 1963) was an Australian politician and member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. He was Premier of Tasmania on three occasions: from 15 April 1916 to 12 August 1922; from 14 August 1923 to 25 October 1923; and from 15 March 1934 to 22 June 1934.

Lee was born in Longford in Tasmania's north-east, where he was educated to primary level at Longford State School. He joined his father's business, and later went into business with his brother as a wheelwright with Lee Bros.

Lee was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly at the 1909 election, representing the rural seat of Wilmot for the Anti-Socialist Party, which became the Tasmanian Liberal League and later the Nationalist Party. In 1915, Lee became Leader of the Opposition, and after the Liberals won 15 out of 30 seats at the 1916 election, Lee was sworn in as Premier of Tasmania (also serving as Minister for Education; and Chief Secretary until 1922). In spite of World War I, the first term of Lee's government was relatively smooth, and as the Nationalist Party, they retained government in the 1919 election with a one-seat majority.

At the 1922 election, the emergence of the Country Party split the anti-Labor vote. With the Country Party holding the balance of power, but openly antagonistic towards him, Lee resigned as Premier (after a record term) and handed over to John Hayes, who was unanimously elected premier in a coalition government, with Lee as Treasurer. Unable to resolve Tasmania's financial crisis, Hayes resigned after a year and Lee became premier again, but only for ten weeks, until he was defeated by a Labor no-confidence motion, and Labor's Joseph Lyons became Premier.

Lee became Premier for a third time in 1934, when as Deputy Premier he took over for John McPhee, who retired due to ill-health. His term lasted for three months, when Labor won the 1934 election, although he remained as Leader of the Opposition until July 1936. He would be the last non-Labor premier of Tasmania until 1969. He lost his seat in the 1946 election, where he ran as an Independent Liberal after failing to secure endorsement from the new Liberal Party.

He was knighted in the 1920 New Year Honours and appointed Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in the 1922 New Year Honours.

title: Walter Lee (Australian politician)


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Hot/C4/Cha-Che

Chat-Chaz

 * 1) Chat abbreviations
 * 2) Chat bot
 * 3) Chat client
 * 4) Chat mode
 * 5) Chat window
 * 6) Chateaugay
 * 7) Chatino
 * 8) Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area
 * 9) Chatter Mark
 * 10) Chatty protocol
 * 11) Chaudière
 * 12) Chauk
 * 13) Chaumont
 * 14) Chauth
 * 15) Chauvelin Family
 * 16) Chavín de Huántar
 * 17) Chazars

Che

 * 1) Che-chiang

Chea-Chej

 * 1) Cheadle and Gatley
 * 2) Cheaha
 * 3) Chebar
 * 4) Chechaouene
 * 5) Checheno-Ingush Republic
 * 6) Check bits
 * 7) Checkerberry
 * 8) Checkered Beetle
 * 9) Checkerwork
 * 10) Checkpoint/restart
 * 11) Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
 * 12) Cheduba Island
 * 13) Chefoo
 * 14) Cheilostomata
 * 15) Cheiranthus
 * 16) Cheirolepis
 * 17) Cheju

Chel

 * 1) Chelating agents
 * 2) Chelif River
 * 3) Chellean Industry
 * 4) Chellean-Abbevillian
 * 5) Chelles
 * 6) Chelonia
 * 7) Chelsea Porcelain
 * 8) Chelsea ware
 * 9) Chelubai

Chema-Chemn

 * 1) Chemarims
 * 2) Chemical Association
 * 3) Chemical compound CS
 * 4) Chemical compound lime
 * 5) Chemical compound magnesia
 * 6) Chemical compound salt
 * 7) Chemical conversion
 * 8) Chemical dynamics
 * 9) Chemical fuel
 * 10) Chemical Hydrology
 * 11) Chemical microscopy
 * 12) Chemical process industry
 * 13) Chemical senses
 * 14) Chemical separation techniques
 * 15) Chemistry of Industrial Polymers
 * 16) Chemno

Chemo-Chemu

 * 1) Chemosh
 * 2) Chemosphere
 * 3) Chemostat
 * 4) Chemosterilant
 * 5) Chemostratigraphy
 * 6) Chemotaxonomy
 * 7) Chemotaxy
 * 8) Chemulpo
 * 9) Chemung
 * 10) Chemurgy

Chen-Chep

 * 1) Chen Hongshou
 * 2) Chen Shizeng
 * 3) Chen-chiang
 * 4) Chen-Jen
 * 5) Chen-ning Yang
 * 6) Chenaanah
 * 7) Cheng Ch'iao
 * 8) Cheng Chih-Lung
 * 9) Cheng-chou
 * 10) Chengchow
 * 11) Chenghsien
 * 12) Chengteh
 * 13) Chengtu
 * 14) Chephar-haammonai
 * 15) Chephirah

Cher

 * 1) Cher River (France)
 * 2) Cherbourg
 * 3) Cheremiss
 * 4) Cheremkhovo
 * 5) Cherethims
 * 6) Cherethites and Pelethites
 * 7) Cherkess Autonomous Region
 * 8) Chern-Simmons Angle
 * 9) Chernogorsk
 * 10) Chernorech
 * 11) Cheroot
 * 12) Cherrypicking
 * 13) Chersiphron
 * 14) Cherson
 * 15) Chersonese

Ches-Chez

 * 1) Chesalon
 * 2) Chesha Bay
 * 3) Chesil
 * 4) Chester Floyd Carlson
 * 5) Chester Moor Hall
 * 6) Chester R. Longwell
 * 7) Chesterfield Inlet
 * 8) Chesterian Series
 * 9) Chesulloth
 * 10) Chesuncook Lake
 * 11) Chettur Sankaran Nair
 * 12) Cheval Glass
 * 13) Chevrel phases
 * 14) Chewa
 * 15) Chewtonian Stage
 * 16) Cheyenne River (United States)
 * 17) Chezib


text:
Eagle Medallion

The Eagle Medallion, also marketed as the Renault Medallion, is a rebadged and mildly re-engineered North American version of the French Renault 21 marketed by American Motors Corporation under the Renault brand for the 1988 model year, and by Chrysler's Jeep/Eagle division for the 1989 model year.

The front-engine, front-wheel drive, four-door D-segment, or mid-size Medallion was launched in North America on 1 March 1987. The Medallion was imported from France, sharing its platform with the Renault 21. Just eight days after the North American introduction of the Medallion, Renault initiated the sale of its stock in American Motors to Chrysler on 9 March 1987.

History
The Renault 21 was introduced in Europe in 1986 to compete in the large family-size market such as the VW Passat. Its design was the work of Giorgetto Giugiaro. Modified to meet safety and emissions requirements, as well as rebadged as the Medallion, it became a captive import for Renault's corporate partner, American Motors Corporation (AMC). It went on sale on 1 March 1987 as a 1988 model and filled the gap left after the slow-selling Renault 18i/Sportwagon and the venerable AMC Concord. Both the 18i sedan and Concord had been discontinued after the 1983 model year, while the Sportwagon version of the 18i was marketed through 1986. Therefore, from 1984 until 1987, AMC/Renault dealers offered no sedan larger than the small C-segment Alliance. The larger D-segment Medallion sedan was thus important to American Motors dealers and filled a hole in its product line when it was launched.

The Medallion was an Americanized version of the Renault 21, "a highly successful car in the European market." The Medallion was the second entry in a three-model marketing effort to expand market coverage for AMC/Jeep/Renault dealers beyond the four-wheel-drive Jeep utility vehicles. The first product in that plan was the C-segment Renault Alliance that launched for the 1983 model year, while the third was the E-segment Eagle Premier, which launched ten months after the D-segment Medallion. AMC/Renault was planning to sell between 40,000 and 45,000 Medallions annually.

Badged as the Renault Medallion at its press launch in the winter of 1986, it went on sale 1 March 1987 - a mere 8 days before Chrysler agreed to buy Renault's shares in American Motors - as an early 1988 model. The Medallion retained its Renault branding after the Chrysler buyout, through the end of the 1988 model year, despite Chrysler's creation of the Jeep/Eagle Division in the fall of 1987. Because the Medallion had been launched as a 1988 Renault model before Chrysler's buyout of AMC and creation of the Eagle marque - Chrysler's first new brand since 1955 - Chrysler waited until the beginning of the 1989 model year to rebrand the Medallion as an Eagle, so as not to confuse buyers by selling the Medallion under both Renault and Eagle nameplates for 1988.

The cars were marketed as "Eagle Medallion" for the 1989 model year and sold through the newly formed Jeep-Eagle division. As a distinct Chrysler subsidiary, the nearly 1,200 AMC-Jeep-Renault dealer organization would initially remain independent. As part of the buyout, Chrysler would continue AMC's program for U.S. distribution of the new Renault Medallion for five years, but not to sell a specific number of the French imports.

Design

The Medallion was built in Maubeuge using the platform of the European market Renault 21, and imported from France. It was re-engineered for the U.S. and Canadian markets and differed from the Renault 21 in numerous features, trims, frontal styling, stronger bumpers and safety features, as well as powertrain availability. The final assembly of options and trim was performed at a facility at the U.S. port of entry.

The front-wheel drive Medallion used the 2.2 L I4 engine that also powered the European Renault 25. It was mounted in a traditional longitudinal (front-back) configuration, driving the front wheels through either a 5-speed manual transmission or a 3-speed computer-controlled automatic. The longitudinal engine placement was somewhat unusual for a front-wheel drive car of this era, as the transverse engine layout is typically more space-efficient. However, Audi, SAAB, and Subaru used longitudinal engines with front-wheel-drive in this era, as well.

It was unusual that Renault designed the R21 to use transverse-mounted sub-2 liter engines, and longitudinal engines over 2 liters, which included all Medallion versions. Renault did this for two reasons: 1) The larger, more powerful engines required stronger gearboxes that could not be made to fit into the transaxle assembly common to transverse powertrains, and 2) The longitudinal engine/transmission layout allowed Renault to use equal-length half-shafts from a centrally-mounted gearbox, which reduced torque steering that would have otherwise been brought on by the increased power generated by the larger engines. The longitudinal engine R21s and Medallions thus had slightly shorter wheelbases than the transverse engine R21s. Product plans also called for a four-wheel drive Medallion to be imported in late-1988.

All Medallions came with an aluminum 132 CID overhead cam I4 engine with Bendix multi-point fuel injection. The engine was rated at 103 hp at 5000 rpm and 124 lb·ft at 2500 rpm, achieving United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) fuel economy ratings of:
 * 42 mpgus highway, 27 mpgus city, 33 mpgus combined, with the manual transmission, and
 * 33 mpgus highway, 22 mpgus city, 26 mpgus combined, with the automatic.

The Medallion featured four-wheel independent suspension with MacPherson struts in the front with negative offset for stability and inclined lower wishbones for anti-dive effect, while the rear suspension is controlled by a V-section cross-member with four transverse torsion bars and inclined shock absorbers.

When the original European Renault 21 models were shown in 1986, they featured a different design compared to the contemporary cars of the era with more rectilinear traditional designs. The new Renault 21 design most closely resembled the aerodynamic look of the Audi 100 models that were introduced in 1983. The Medallion was described "crisp look in contemporary wedge/aerodynamic styling." The station wagon version was judged by one automobile journalist as "arguably the most stylish compact wagon on the market."

The interior of the Medallion was spacious compared to similar cars in the compact segment, which AMC compared it to. The total volume index of the sedan was rated at 115 cuft. This put the Medallion in the mid-size car class according to EPA market segments (those between 110 and 120 cuft of passenger and luggage space). The sedan was also notable for its rather commodious trunk.

The station wagon was typically French in design, built on a longer wheelbase than the sedan. The wagon was rated at 100 cuft passenger area and 42 cuft of cargo volume behind the second row of seats. The Medallion station wagon seats "five adults in true comfort - and will accept an additional two kids" with the optional bench seat for the cargo area. This was a front-facing third-row seat, such as in the Oldsmobile Vista Cruiser and Ford Freestyle.

1988
Medallion sedans were offered in base DL and uplevel LX sedans, as well as a DL wagon, for the long 1988 model year. Standard equipment on all Medallions included a tachometer, digital clock, AM/FM stereo, tinted glass, tilt steering wheel, power steering, power brakes, and a driver's seat-height adjuster for the reclining front seats. The station wagon also included a locking storage bin, as well as an adjustable roof rack and a rear-window wiper. George C. Scott was the spokesperson for Renault products at the time and was featured prominently in commercials for the 1988 Renault Medallion, touting its new, larger size and competitive power, interior room, and warranty coverage.

Exterior styling showed many unusual features, including slightly skirted rear wheel arches, fixed chromed door handles with hidden squeeze-type actuators, and a decklid that wrapped over the tops of the rear fenders. At the front, the Medallion featured flush-mounted composite headlamps - a first for an AMC vehicle - mounted on either side of a flush grille with 3 horizontal black bars and a prominent Renault diamond logo. Medallion DL sedans offered a different taillight lens pattern than uplevel LX sedans did, with smoked clear reflector lenses continuing inward from the Medallion's reversing lights, and surrounding the upper portion of the decklid-mounted rear license plate depression. The LX sedans showed red lenses in this area instead. A power sunroof option on LX models was available later in the 1988 model year. Medallion station wagons had a 5.9 in longer wheelbase, and rear doors were much longer than those of their sedan counterpart, to improve optional third seat ingress and egress. While unusual for its class in the North American market, the wagon's uniquely longer wheelbase (more than 2 in longer than the much larger Eagle Premier's) was in keeping with French station wagon tradition to maximize interior space for passengers or cargo. This design was also used on the competing Peugeot 504 and 505.

The new Renault Medallion station wagon was reviewed by Kiplinger's Personal Finance magazine as "surprisingly comfortable, with a load of standard features for its relatively modest $10,693 base price." The "powerful engine allows it to whiz through city traffic with ease" and the wagon's interior was "spartan," but "spacious and comfortable."

A week-long review of an automatic transmission equipped 1988 Medallion by The Milwaukee Sentinel described it as an "eye-appealing alternative for those shopping for a compact four-door sedan" offering "peppy" performance with an engine that "purred contently at highway speeds" while offering a smooth ride in both the city and on the highway returning an actual combined 23 mpgus fuel economy, but the sedan's low weight at 2420 lb, was criticized as too light on open roads in the wind and the insulation to reduce road noise seemed inadequate. The EPA estimated fuel efficiency for the station wagon at 21 mpgus in the city, 30 mpgus for highway, and 24 mpgus combined.

A long-term test by Popular Mechanics found the Medallion "low on flash, high on comfort" especially on long-distance journeys and along the roughest roads in New York City, and the editors came to regard it as a "pretty nice car." Other automotive guides recommended the Medallion for its comfortable ride and interior roominess, as well as summarizing that Chrysler does not "have a domestic model in this category that's quite as nice."

American Motors offered a special optional warranty program exclusively on the Medallion for the 1988 model year called Ultra Plan, which included scheduled maintenance services. After the Chrysler buyout of American Motors, Chrysler took on responsibility for marketing the 1988 Renault Medallion and supported its financing through Chrysler Credit Corporation until the end of the 1988 model year.

1989
For 1989, Chrysler focused on the advanced technology incorporated in the Eagle models. The 1989 Medallions were also covered by Chrysler's new "7/70 Protection Plan" that was a comprehensive warranty on the entire vehicle for seven years or 70000 mi. The rear of the 1989 Medallions now featured an "imported for Eagle" badge and the terms of the AMC buyout included the continued sales of Renault-built cars in the U.S. However, Chrysler decided to cease importing the Medallions from Renault at the end of the 1989 model year. This also ended the potential revival of a four-wheel-drive Eagle station wagon.

Marketing
The Eagle name came from the innovative all-wheel drive AMC Eagle line, but the Medallion was a standard passenger car and its sales were also hindered by marketing missteps. Automotive reviews of the Medalion were favorable, but the model was hindered by poor launch into the North American market because of AMC's limited marketing resources. The newly reconfigured Chrysler-Jeep-Eagle dealers also had to deal with the sudden departure of Renault from the market along with a transition to the Chrysler corporate system. The Medallion was also overshadowed by numerous domestic and imported competitors "that were far easier to sell customers into if they were in the market for a sedan or station wagon of this size."

There were also industry rumors of problems at Chrysler with the takeover of AMC that further compromised the Medallion. Kiplinger's Personal Finance magazine raised the question of continued commitment and service for the Medallion after Chrysler's buyout of AMC, but also noted that an expected letter of intent between Chrysler and Renault indicated that Chrysler "it would support the vehicle for a minimum of five years." Another problem was Chrysler's announcement of plans to phase out the Medallion sedan in favor of a four-wheel-drive wagon by 1990. However, the Eagle division in the U.S. went without a 4-wheel-drive station wagon model until the launch of the 1992 Eagle Summit Wagon. A four-wheel-drive wagon, the Eagle Vista, was available in Canada from 1989 through 1991.

The Medallion was a solid entry in a highly competitive market segment. Total U.S. sales were 25,672 spread over three calendar years. This reflects the struggles with the Medallion line launched just before Renault exited from U.S. market and that Chrysler only wanted to continue sales of highly profitable Jeep models.

The Medallion was ranked as "a damn good car — winning numerous accolades and enjoying a 9-year model run outside the States." Although "it was actually a very nice car to drive," Chrysler discontinued the Medallion soon after purchasing AMC. Robert Lutz, the head of the Chrysler Corporation at the time, said in his 2003 book Guts that the Medallion, and its larger linemate, the Premier were "sales proof" in that no matter how attractive and competitive the cars were, customers in large enough number to ensure success would not take notice.

Chrysler was focused on "import intenders," rather than working with an independent Renault. As a result, the Eagle models became badge engineered cars sourced from its Japanese partner, Mitsubishi Motors, a relationship it had since 1971. At the time, Chrysler was investing in the Diamond-Star Motors manufacturing joint venture and building a new plant in Normal, Illinois, with an annual capacity of almost a quarter-million vehicles. In 1986, Honda introduced their luxury brand Acura with the Acura Legend and Acura Integra thereby further competing in a crowded market segment.

The smaller Eagle Summit made by Mitsubishi was also marketed by Jeep-Eagle dealers, primarily for Alliance and Encore owners to trade into. Still, with the Medallion "they were stuck with for a couple of years due to legal issues with Renault."

The imported Medallion also competed with Chrysler's numerous domestic Dodge, Plymouth, and Chrysler models. This may have also contributed to a lack of enthusiasm within the company for properly marketing the Medallion - as well as the larger Premier.

While the first-generation Summit and the much larger Premier were both replaced, the Medallion line had no successor in the U.S. market, despite the appearance of several D-segment midsize concepts in later years: the Eagle Jazz, a radically shortened front-wheel drive fastback, and the Eagle Optima, an aerodynamic all-wheel-drive sedan. In Canada, the Medallion was replaced by the Mitsubishi Galant-based Eagle 2000GTX.

title: Eagle Medallion


text:
Eifelrennen

The Eifelrennen was an annual motor race, organised by ADAC Automobile Club from 1922 to 2003, held in Germany's Eifel mountain region. Like other races of its time it was first held on public roads. In 1927 it was moved to the newly-built Nürburgring.

History
Starting from 1922, the first races were held on a 33 km long combination of public roads around Nideggen, Wollersheim, Vlatten, Heimbach, Hasenfeld and other villages in the Eifel mountains, similar to the Targa Florio which was a very important race at that time, and popular in Germany due to two wins by Mercedes (still without Benz then).

In 1922, all vehicles were allowed, cars, motorbikes, and even bicycles with supporting engines. Over 100 entrants showed up to compete in the 10-lap event. The track was not paved, and muddy after heavy rains. From 1924 to 1926, the races for 2 and 4 wheels were held on separate days, and classes were introduced. Still, several fatal accidents happened. Even spectator stands collapsed, caused by stormy weather.

The unsatisfying safety situation led to the construction of the Nürburgring circuit in that area, which was inaugurated on Saturday, 18 June 1927 by the ''5. Eifelrennen'' weekend, starting with motorcycle races. On Sunday, Rudolf Caracciola won the first car race on a Mercedes-Benz S.

The Südschleife was used instead of the Nordschleife from 1928 until 1931 and from 1958 until 1968.

The connection between the motorcycle and car races was discontinued in 1974, when organisers, drivers and German motorcycle Grand Prix riders disagreed on the best way to make the track safe for both kinds of racing – with straw bales or without? As a result, international contenders for the motorcycle World Championships boycotted the races, leaving the GP wins to rather unknown Germans (even to German fans) who decided to ride anyway.

After the modern Grand Prix track was built at the Nürburgring in 1984 and F2 was replaced with F3000, the Eifelrennen was discontinued as it always was associated with the long Nordschleife.

Later, the trademark was given to a standard rounds of the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft and STW touring car racing on this short GP track. Often two separate races were held, thus two winners.

The last Eifelrennen was held in early May 2003 when several races were held, including an VLN endurance race on the full length combined course (25.9 km) in preparation for the 24 Hours Nürburgring race three weeks later.

Currently there are no major race series cooperating with the ADAC to host a weekend as Eifelrennen.

ADAC Eifelrennen winners (motorcycles)

 * Deutsche Tourist-Trophäe (German Tourist Trophy)
 * 1922: Sixtus Meyer, Harley-Davidson 1000 ccm
 * 1923: No race
 * 1924: Franz Bieber, BMW; Robert "Robby" Jecker, Harley-Davidson (1000cc)
 * 1925: Paul Weyres
 * 1926
 * 1927: Toni Ulmen

ADAC Eifelrennen winners (automobiles)

 * 1922: Kurt C. Volkhart, Steiger
 * 1923: No race
 * 1924: Wetzka / Haide, Austro-Daimler
 * 1925
 * 1926: Felten, Mannesmann

title: Eifelrennen


text:
Lloigor

Lloigor is the name of a fictional deity and a fictional race in the Cthulhu Mythos. The entity first appeared in August Derleth and Mark Schorer's short story "The Lair of the Star Spawn" (1932), and has been used in subsequent fictional works by others though often departing from the original concept. The Lloigor are also referred to as the Many-Angled Ones, apparently beginning with Grant Morrison's Zenith, and some subsequent works use variations on this term in lieu of the name Lloigor.

Derleth's Mythos deity
August Derleth and Mark Schorer originally created a being called Lloigor in their short story "The Lair of the Star-Spawn" (1932). Lloigor and its brother Zhar, together referred to as the Twin Obscenities, were typical pseudo-Lovecraftian tentacled monstrosities identified as two of the Great Old Ones. Derleth referred to Lloigor in several other writings, "The Sandwin Compact" (1940) in particular. It was apparently a wind elemental that possessed the ability to somehow draw its sacrificial victims to it, perhaps through teleportation.

Wilson's alien race
Colin Wilson borrowed the name for "The Return of the Lloigor" (1969), but his creatures are very different from Derleth's. The Lloigor take the form of invisible vortices of psychic energy, though they may sometimes make themselves manifest as great reptilian beasts, akin to the legendary dragons. In the distant past, the Lloigor came from the Andromeda Galaxy to the continent of Mu and used human slaves as their labor force. When their power dwindled, the Lloigor retreated below ground and left their former slaves to their own devices. Eventually, these early humans migrated from Mu and populated the earth.

In modern times, the Lloigor are too weakened to pose any real threat to humanity. Nonetheless, they can draw psychic energy from sleeping humans in nearby towns or villages — the victims so affected awaken feeling drained or ill, yet regain all lost vitality by nightfall — with which they can perform strange, preternatural feats, such as causing mysterious explosions or altering the flow of time.

In The Illuminatus! Trilogy (1975), the lloigor are mentioned as the gods of the aboriginal natives of the People's Republic of Fernando Po, as well as the original gods of Atlantis. Here, the term appears to be synonymous with Great Old One—for example, H. P. Lovecraft's creation Yog-Sothoth is called a lloigor.

The term Lloigor is again equated with Great Old Ones in Alan Moore's League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, in the final chapter of "Allan and the Sundered Veil;" here, both terms are used to describe Ithaqqa, a single facet of the self-aware idea known as "Yuggoth". In The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: Black Dossier, Nyarlathotep is referred to as an emissary of the Lloigor when he is sent to negotiate a truce with the Blazing World at the end of the comic. In The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen Volume IV: The Tempest, a Demogorgon appears and is identified as a Lloigor.

A race of creatures known as Lloigor was the subject of the song "Lloigor" by the atmospheric black metal band Dark Fortress. The song references "A thousand young", most likely referring to the thousand young of Shub-Niggurath. However, the verse of each song refers to a single entity. The Lloigor are also referred to as Yuggoth, a single entity. This is the first connection between Shub-Niggurath and Yuggoth made in this way.

The Many-Angled Ones
Scottish comics writer Grant Morrison used the Lloigor as the primary villains (possessing the bodies and minds of various superhumans on various parallel earths) in their Zenith series for the British comics anthology 2000 A.D. The names directly corresponded to the names of Lovecraft's Great Old Ones. The name "Iok Sotot" and his epithet "Eater of Souls" came from ''The Illuminatus! Trilogy'' where it referred to Yog-Sothoth. They are referred to as "many-angled ones" (possibly the first use of this moniker) and appear to be entities who exist in a space with more dimensions than our own. As a result, when they manifest in our universe they appear as disconnected floating body parts — notably eyes and tentacles — belonging to some larger beast that is complete in the higher dimension, similar to how a three dimensional being would appear in flatland as its parts pass through the plane of that two-dimensional world. The many-angled ones plan to impose rigid geometrical order on the whole universe, essentially reducing it to clockwork. A number of British authors, often those who had previously written for 2000 AD, have since included the Many-Angled Ones in their works under that name.

The many-angled ones were mentioned in Charles Stross's The Atrocity Archives. This work features the usual appearances by "nameless horrors of the abyss," which may or may not be many-angled ones. It is specifically stated – on multiple occasions – that "the many-angled ones live at the bottom of the Mandelbrot set".

The DC comic book Hitman, by Garth Ennis, briefly featured demons called "The Multi-Angled Ones", similar in concept to the Many-Angled Ones of Zenith. These beings killed most of the dysfunctional superhero team Section 8.

The many-angled ones also appear in Simon R. Green's Secret History series of books The Man with the Golden Torc (2007), Daemons Are Forever (2008), and The Spy Who Haunted Me (2009).

In the Marvel Comics cosmic crossover event "Realm of Kings," written by Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning, Quasar travels through a time/space rift to an alternate earth with multiple Lovecraftian elements being part of the everyday reality of that world. There Quasar meets the Revengers, that world's counterparts to the Avengers, who received their powers from the Many-Angled Ones in exchange for adoration and worship from the heroes. That world's Iron Man states that the Many-Angled Ones have outgrown their reality and need a new place to feed and be worshiped. They intend for Quasar to show them the way to his Earth. The Many-Angled Ones are opposed on this Earth by the heroes who believe in pure science, such as the Vision. They later become the antagonists of The Thanos Imperative miniseries, and it is stated that Shuma-Gorath is one.

In the 2010 remake of the video game Splatterhouse, scripted by 2000 AD writer Gordon Rennie, the Many-Angled Ones is one of the names for the demonic race known as the Corrupted.

title: Lloigor


text:
Jamestown, South Australia

Jamestown is a town in the Mid North region of South Australia 207 km north of Adelaide. It lies on the banks of the Belalie Creek and on the Crystal Brook-Broken Hill railway line between Gladstone and Peterborough, and ultimately on the main line linking Adelaide and Perth to Sydney. Jamestown is the council seat of its local municipality, Northern Areas Council. Jamestown is in the South Australian Legislative Assembly electoral district of Stuart and the federal Division of Grey.

Description
Jamestown (originally James Town) was named after Sir James Fergusson, the Governor of South Australia when the town was surveyed in 1871. Its streets are all named for towns in his native Scotland.

Major products of the area are grain, legumes, wool and timber. The world's first plantation forest was the Bundaleer Forest first planted in the area in 1876. The local area had first been granted self-government as the District Council of Belalie in 1875, but the township of Jamestown itself had separated as the Corporate Town of Jamestown in 1878. The Belalie council, comprising the surrounding areas, merged into the new District Council of Jamestown in 1935. Jamestown continued with two municipalities, one for the town and one for the surrounding area, until their amalgamation in 1991; the amalgamated municipality then merged into the new Northern Areas Council in 1997.

In July 2017, US tech giant Tesla won a bid to build a 129 megawatt hour (MWh) battery at Hornsdale Wind Farm at nearby Hornsdale. It was completed on 25 November 2017, and was the largest of its kind in the world. This was the first ever major battery storage installed on a country's power grid.

Notable people
Sir John Cockburn was the town's first mayor, doctor, and later Premier of South Australia in 1889–1890.

Jamestown is the birthplace of Australian bush legend, Reginald Murray Williams (1908–2003), better known as R. M. Williams, the bush outfitter; Sir Raphael Cilento (1893–1985), tropical medicine pioneer, noted public servant and father of actress Diane Cilento; Paul Cronin (1938–2019), actor; and Edgar Mayne (1882-1961), test cricketer.

Military history
Jamestown has proud military history, with monuments featured within the township. The Memorial Park features a restored 1907 Krupp SFH02 Cannon. It was captured in Palestine in November 1917 as part of the World War I campaign. In 1918 the Cannon was ceded to the 9th Australian Light Horse Regiment in the initial distribution of captured weapons.

Heritage listings

 * 21 Ayr Street: National Australia Bank Building
 * 42 Ayr Street: Eudunda Farmers Store
 * Irvine Street: Trooper Goodes Memorial
 * 5 Irvine Street : Jamestown Post Office and Dwelling

Events
In the spring of 2016, the town had three events taking place – Jamestown Racing Club annual Horse racing meeting with the Jamestown Cup, a Mural Fest and the Jamestown Show.

title: Jamestown, South Australia


text:
Nasser (disambiguation)

Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918–1970) was president of Egypt from 1956 to 1970.

Nasser may also refer to:
 * Nasser (name), a given name and surname
 * Nasser, Egypt, a city in Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt
 * Nasser City or Nasr City, a suburb of Cairo, Egypt
 * Lake Nasser, a reservoir in Egypt and Sudan
 * Nasser Club Bar Elias, a Lebanese association football club
 * Nasser, Gaza, a district in Gaza City

title: Nasser (disambiguation)


text: User talk:213.106.96.27

title: User talk:213.106.96.27


text:
Gøran Sørloth

Gøran Sørloth (born 16 July 1962) is a Norwegian former footballer. He was one of the best strikers in Norwegian football during the late eighties and early nineties.

Club career
In the Norwegian top division he scored 74 goals in 174 matches for Rosenborg, with whom he won five league championships.

Sørloth joined Rosenborg from Strindheim in 1985. Two years later he moved to Borussia Mönchengladbach in Germany, but the spell was unsuccessful and hence short, and Sørloth returned to Rosenborg. In 1993, he once again tried his luck abroad, in Turkish club Bursaspor, but he left in 1994 to play for Viking for the remainder of his career.

International career
In addition, Sørloth scored 15 goals in 55 matches for Norway. Sørloth was a part of the Norwegian 1994 FIFA World Cup squad, and played one match during the tournament. This was his last international match.

Personal life
His son Alexander is also a professional footballer with Villarreal CF.

Honours
Rosenborg
 * Eliteserien: 1985, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1993
 * Norwegian Cup: 1988, 1990, 1992

Individual
 * Kniksen Striker of the Year: 1991, 1992

title: Gøran Sørloth


text:
File:Castlevania chronicles na.jpg

Summary
Front cover of the PlayStation title Castlevania Chronicles.

(C) Konami

Source: Scan by self

Rationale for fair use in Castlevania Chronicles

 * The public display of the image is in no way detrimental to copyright holder's commercial interests
 * The image is being used for informational purposes only, and its use is not believed to detract from the original game in any way.
 * This image has been used in several websites, and so use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible or visible than it already is
 * The image is of lower resolution than the original (copies made from it will be of inferior quality)
 * No free or public domain images equivalent can be found, because this is the original artwork.

title: File:Castlevania chronicles na.jpg


text:
Lucas Papademos

Lucas Demetrios Papademos (Λουκάς Παπαδήμος; born 11 October 1947) is a Greek economist and academic who served as 12th Prime Minister of Greece from November 2011 to May 2012, leading a national unity government in the wake of the Greek debt crisis. A technocrat, he previously served as Vice-President of the European Central Bank from 2002 to 2010 and Governor of the Bank of Greece from 1994 to 2002.

He was professor at Columbia University, the University of Athens, and Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University, and is a senior fellow at the Center for Financial Studies at the University of Frankfurt.

Early life and education
Papademos was born in Athens to parents who came from the town of Desfina in Phocis. After graduating from Athens College in 1966, Papademos was accepted into the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he gained a bachelor's degree in physics in 1970, a master's degree in electrical engineering in 1972, and a doctorate in economics in 1978.

Career as an economist
In 1975, he worked with Franco Modigliani on the NAIRU concept. He engaged in a career in academia, teaching economics at Columbia University from 1975 until 1984, before moving to the University of Athens in 1988.

His work as an economist began in 1980, when he was appointed senior economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. He joined the Bank of Greece in 1985 as its chief economist, rising to the rank of deputy governor in 1993, and finally governor in 1994. During his time as governor of the central bank, Papademos was involved in Greece's transition from the drachma to the euro as its national currency.

After leaving the Bank of Greece in 2002, Papademos became the vice president to Wim Duisenberg, and then Jean-Claude Trichet, at the European Central Bank from 2002 to 2010. In 2010 he served as an economic advisor to Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou. He was previously a member of the non-governmental group Trilateral Commission.

He is a member of the Academy of Athens. He has published numerous articles in the fields of macroeconomic theory, the structure and functioning of financial markets, monetary analysis and policy, theory of chaos as well as on subjects concerning the economic performance, financial stability, financial instability and economic policy in the European Union. He has also delivered addresses on the Greek debt crisis.

Prime Minister of Greece

Papademos was first proposed as a potential caretaker prime minister of Greece in early November 2011, after Prime Minister George Papandreou offered to resign and allow a provisional coalition government to deal with the major political turmoil caused by the country's debt crisis.

Lucas Papademos set two conditions upon which he would accept the offer of being prime minister of this provisional government. The first, was that the new government would not have a very restricted life span as New Democracy had demanded, and the second was that political figures from both New Democracy and the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) would participate in the government. Both of these were initially vetoed by New Democracy, but after several days of negotiations they relented and accepted Papademos' demands. This enabled Papademos to form a government made up of PASOK and New Democracy, with the support of the far-right Popular Orthodox Rally.

After a week of political turmoil and negotiations between parties triggered by Papandreou's resignation, Papademos was installed as Prime Minister of Greece on 11 November 2011, unveiling his provisional Cabinet shortly afterwards. The other two parliamentary parties, the Communist Party and the Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA), had refused Papandreou's invitation to participate in the government. The provisional government also marks the first time that the far-right has played a part in any Greek government since the fall of the military junta in 1974.

Papademos stated that his government's primary task would be to facilitate the financial bailout from the European Union – which was provided on the condition that severe budget austerity be implemented – and to lead the country until elections could be held. Papademos also stated that his sole priority as prime minister would be to try to keep Greece within the Eurozone.

In January 2012, Papademos warned that workers would have to accept substantial cuts in their income in order for a default to be avoided. He also told business and union leaders that the "troika" — the European Union, the International Monetary Fund and the ECB — was looking for Greece to take steps to open up so-called closed professions, as well as adjustments to the minimum wage, abolition of Christmas and summer vacation bonuses and automatic wage increases. Papademos also declared in January that his provisional government would last until at least April, instead of February as was originally planned, so that further austerity measures could be implemented before an election.

In late April 2012, Papademos announced that he would ask President Karolos Papoulias to dissolve the Hellenic Parliament, paving the way for a general election to be held on 6 May 2012. Papademos had intended to stand down shortly after this election, but it resulted in a hung parliament. Subsequently, New Democracy, PASOK, and the anti-austerity SYRIZA – which had jumped into second place – attempted to form a government, but all were unsuccessful. Emergency negotiations to attempt to avoid a return to the polls took place on 13 May, but were inconclusive. On the same day, Papademos wrote to President Papoulias to inform him that the Ministry of Finance could only afford to pay salaries until the end of June, and that the need for Greece to recapitalise her liquid assets was "urgent". Negotiations in the aftermath of the election were unable to produce a government leading to a snap general election, which took place on 17 June 2012. In the wake of the announcement of the election Papademos stepped down, proposing Panagiotis Pikrammenos – a judge and the President of the Council of State – to replace him as caretaker prime minister until a permanent government could be formed.

Other activities

 * Trilateral Commission, Member of the European Group

Personal life
As of 2011, Papademos has been married to Shanna Ingram for more than 30 years. They have no children. Of Dutch descent, as of 2012 she was the president of the charity group Association of Friends of Children with Cancer.

Assassination attempt
In Athens on 25 May 2017, a suspected letter bomb exploded within his car, causing non-life-threatening arm, leg and stomach injuries to Papademos. His driver sustained leg injuries in the attack and another passenger, a banking official, was also injured.

title: Lucas Papademos


text:
Rosa Raisa

Rosa Raisa (23 May 1893 – 28 September 1963) was a Polish-born and Italian-trained Russian and Jewish operatic dramatic soprano who became a naturalized American. She possessed a voice of remarkable power and was the creator of the title role of Puccini's last opera, Turandot, at La Scala, Milan.

Early life and operatic beginnings
She was born as Raitza Burchstein, the daughter of Herschel and Frieda Leah Burchstein, in Białystok (Tsarist Russia, now Poland) in 1893. Some of her family fled Russia when she was 14 due to the pogroms, emigrating to Italy. There Raitza met Dario Ascarelli, who recognized her talent and potential and sponsored her at the Naples Conservatory (San Pietro a Majella). Her teacher at the conservatory, the contralto Barbara Marchisio (1833–1919), had been one of the most prominent Italian singers of the mid-19th century.

Marchisio brought Raisa in 1912 to Cleofonte Campanini, a leading operatic conductor and impresario. After the audition, he engaged the 20-year-old singer for the 1913 Parma Verdi Centenary (which included Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio and Un ballo in maschera), and also signed her for his Philadelphia-Chicago Opera. As she was under 21 years of age, these engagements were confirmed by handshake.

Debuts in Europe and America
Debuts and successes followed rapidly for Raisa. Her North American debut was on 14 November 1913 with Campanini's Chicago-Philadelphia Opera Company in Baltimore as Mimí in Puccini's La bohème with Giovanni Martinelli of the Metropolitan Opera as Rodolfo in his first season in North America. (Martinelli was also her partner in 1937 in her last stage appearance of her career in Halévy's La Juive in Chicago). Her first role in Philadelphia was Isabella of Aragon in the United States premiere of Alberto Franchetti's Cristoforo Colombo, followed by Verdi's Aida on 29 November 1913 at the Auditorium Theatre in Chicago. Edward Moore, then critic for the Chicago Tribune, stated that hers was "a voice the like of whose power had never been heard on that stage".

She added several roles to her stage repertoire with the Chicago-Philadelphia company: Santuzza in Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana (Dallas), Donna Anna in Mozart's Don Giovanni (Philadelphia), Klytemnestra in Vittorio Gnecchi's Cassandra (Philadelphia—Western Hemisphere premiere), and Elsa in Lohengrin in English (Seattle).

In the spring of 1914 she went to London where she debuted at Covent Garden in Aida with Enrico Caruso, participated as Helen of Troy in Boito's Mefistofele with Claudia Muzio, John McCormack and Adamo Didur, and substituted for Claire Dux as the Countess in Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro. The London company went to Paris where she sang her only Nedda in Leoncavallo's Pagliacci, and again sang Amelia in Verdi's Un ballo in maschera. In November 1914 publisher Tito Ricordi, who had personally auditioned Raisa in his studio, recommended her to the management of the Modena opera for a long run (Raisa recalled nineteen performances) of Riccardo Zandonai's new opera, Francesca da Rimini, first performed in Turin only a few months earlier.

This led to an engagement at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome for more Francescas, Aidas and two novelties, Fedra, a prize-winning opera premiere by a young Romano Romani (later Rosa Ponselle's coach and mentor) and Abdul by Brazilian Alberto Nepomuceno. Legendary Emma Carelli, an esteemed soprano in her own right who had become the director of the Rome Opera, introduced Raisa to her husband Walter Mocchi, who organized the glamorous opera seasons in Buenos Aires. As South America was in the Southern Hemisphere, there was a long-standing tradition of the finest Italian artists boarding ships after the end of the opera season in Italy and performing in the reverse seasons, the autumn and winter months in South America. The annals of operatic performances in South America oftentimes read as the "greatest" Italian opera to be seen, the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires a defining theatre.

Mocchi took Raisa to South America in May 1915 for a long season, first in Buenos Aires and Rosario in Argentina, Montevideo in Uruguay and São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre in Brazil. In addition to her Francescas and Aidas (including another with Caruso) she added Meyerbeer's L'Africana also starring Titta Ruffo, and sang the Marschallin in the South American premiere of Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss in Italian with Gilda dalla Rizza as Octavian and the then unknown Amelita Galli-Curci as Sophie. All these operas were conducted by Gino Marinuzzi, who for many years championed Raisa.

La Scala and Puccini
Raisa made her La Scala debut as Francesca upon her return from South America. She performed many Francescas and Aidas as well as Lida in Verdi's rare early opera La battaglia di Legnano at the Scala. After her Francesca at La Scala, she encountered Giacomo Puccini, who visited her after the performance. He was very taken with her performance and potential, Raisa later told the press, that when she asked him which of his operas he thought best for her to tackle, Puccini said: "there is no opera I have written to which your voice is not suited; they are all the same for you." He told her he wanted her to create his next opera (still a work in progress, La rondine) Whether he was more entranced with her youth and beauty or her vocal powers is unknown, but his plan for this assumption of Magda was advanced enough that in January 1917 she was announced in the world press for the premiere of this light opera in Monte Carlo. Raisa did not go to Monte Carlo as she was in the United States and was fearful of the submarine warfare at that stage of the Great War. At about the same time Puccini first encountered Raisa, Arturo Toscanini heard her and told his friends in the opera world that he considered Raisa a "female Tamagno", more appropriate for the heroic Turandot she would create nine years later.

In 1916 she reprised her Francescas and Aidas at the Rome Opera and returned to South America for another exhausting season, adding Alfredo Catalani's Loreley, Valentina in Meyerbeer's Gli Ugonotti (Les Huguenots) and Alice Ford in Verdi's Falstaff to her repertoire. Falstaff was to play a part in her career for it gave her an only chance to play the non-title role in an opera with baritone Giacomo Rimini, at that time her lover and after 1920 her husband. In August 1916 Campanini elaborated to the Chicago Tribune his plans for the upcoming 1916–17 season of the Chicago Opera Association (no longer the Chicago-Philadelphia Opera Company), and clearly building up the return of Raisa to Chicago, quoting Caruso, "he considers Rosa Raisa the greatest dramatic soprano in the world." The only problem with Campanini's prediction was that Amelita Galli-Curci was to take Chicago, and the world by storm and she ultimately became the attraction of the company.

Chicago years
After her return to Chicago in 1916, Raisa, along with Mary Garden, Edith Mason, Claudia Muzio, and Galli-Curci, were the lead sopranos around which the repertoire of the company revolved.

Essentially Raisa was the company's dramatic soprano, Garden the French-repertory soprano, Galli-Curci the light coloratura, Mason a lyric, and Muzio a spinto soprano. Of all these, Muzio was the only one to share some roles with Raisa (Leonora in Verdi's Il trovatore, Desdemona in Otello, Aida, Santuzza, and Puccini's Tosca). Raisa was the company's only Maliella in Wolf-Ferrari's I gioielli della Madonna (Jewels of the Madonna), Gioconda, Amelia in Verdi's Un ballo in maschera (always billed as Masked Ball in Chicago), Rachel in Meyerbeer's La Juive (always announced as The Jewess in Chicago), and Bellini's Norma. This is significant as Claudia Muzio had performed Norma with some success in Italy and South America, but staked no claim to the role over Raisa in Chicago.

Raisa, over the next 16 seasons (1916–17 through 1931–32), sang almost five hundred times in Chicago and on its transnational tours. She also sang two long seasons in Mexico (1917 and 1919) returned to South America for three more seasons (1918, 1921, and 1929). She sang Norma in Buenos Aires, singing it 22 times there in three seasons. The title role of Lo schiavo by Antônio Carlos Gomes was added to her role list in Latin America. In Chicago she added Maddalena in Andrea Chénier, Zina in Raoul Gunsbourg's Le Vieil Aigle, Isabeau in the North American premiere of Mascagni's opera, Basiliola in Italo Montemezzi's La Nave, Puccini's Suor Angelica, Elisabeth in Wagner's Tannhäuser, Minnie in Puccini's La fanciulla del West, Puccini's Madama Butterfly (at the Ravinia Festival outside Chicago, also Giordano's Fedora at Ravinia), Toinette in Frank Harling's jazz opera A Light from St. Agnes, Rosalinde in an English-language Die Fledermaus by Johann Strauss, and Zandonai's Conchita.

World premieres: Turandot and Asteria
Raisa also famously added to her repertoire the role of Asteria in Boito's posthumous opera, Nerone (1924), and the title role in Puccini's Turandot (1926) at Toscanini's La Scala, both world premieres in the most lavish Scala productions of that storied era. In Raisa's version of the Nerone rehearsals, Puccini managed to enter into the auditorium at an early rehearsal and Toscanini had a tantrum when he realized Puccini was in the house, as it was his firm policy that no one was to be present at the early rehearsals prior to the final dress rehearsal at which the Milanese opera establishment would be invited, no exceptions, not even for Puccini. It fell to Raisa to escort Puccini to the stage door; it was then that Puccini, who had heard some of the early scenes of the Boito opera which featured some stentorian high notes, told Raisa that he was writing Turandot, "It is a role I can just see you and hear you" and he wanted her to create it, telling her that only the final scene still had to be composed. In an interview with the Chicago Tribune the day after word came that Puccini died in Brussels, Raisa told the newspaper that she had playfully told Puccini that he "better be sure to put in plenty of high Cs".

On 7 October 1924, less than two months before Puccini died, Angelo Scandiani, administrative director of La Scala, wired Herbert Johnson of the Chicago Opera that Puccini and Toscanini had cast three Chicago Opera artists, Rosa Raisa, Edith Mason, and Giaccomo Rimini, for the lead roles in the upcoming Turandot. At that time it was thought that the premiere would take place in April 1925, but Puccini's death at the end of November 1924 postponed these plans; Franco Alfano was selected to compose the final scene from Puccini's sketches.

The premiere was on 25 April 1926 with Raisa as Turandot, Miguel Fleta as Calaf, and Maria Zamboni, a Scala lyric soprano as Liu, replacing Mason who was pregnant. It is at this performance that Toscanini stopped the performance at the place Puccini stopped composing, addressing the audience with essentially these words "here is where the Maestro died." John Gutman of the Metropolitan Opera in a 1962 interview with Raisa asked her if the artists knew that Toscanini would make this gesture. Raisa said that there were rumblings backstage that something like this might happen, but the artists were never told this officially; therefore, they were somewhat, but not totally, surprised. There is anecdotal information that Puccini on his deathbed had asked Toscanini to make such a gesture at the premiere, but this is not possible to confirm.

New Chicago Opera House: First broadcasts
On 4 November 1929, Raisa was awarded the honor of opening the new Chicago Civic Opera House in a performance of Aida (broadcast throughout the USA) with a stellar cast personally selected by Civic Opera president Samuel Insull, the Chicago industrialist who later ran foul of the law. Raisa and Rimini invested their considerable earnings in Insull securities (actually a ponzi scheme) and eventually lost their fortune, on paper estimated in the range of a million dollars.

Most people in the United States believe that high quality opera broadcasts started with the Metropolitan Opera in 1931. The Chicago Opera was broadcasting nationally since 1927, every week for one hour; Mary Garden, Claudia Muzio, Frida Leider, Raisa, Tito Schipa, Eva Turner, Alexander Kipnis and Vanni-Marcoux are some of the headliners who were heard on the radio across America. It is doubtful that any of these transmissions have been preserved.

1933: Last performances on stage
1933 is the last year that Raisa performed a reasonably full schedule. Since January 1931 when she left the stage to prepare for the birth of her daughter, having had six unsuccessful pregnancies, many things happened: the demise of the Chicago Opera, the world-wide deteriorating economic situation and a general contraction of operatic activity in the United States. But Raisa sang a run of Tosca in Genoa, created Manuela in Zandonai's one-act opera Una partita at La Scala, sang Alice Ford in Falstaff with Rimini at the first Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, Tosca in the presence of Queen Mary at Covent Garden. She recorded four verismo arias for La voce del padrone in Milan, and sang five performances of Gli Ugonotti at the Arena in Verona with Giacomo Lauri-Volpi and a stellar cast. She can be seen, but not heard, in an edited version of the act 4 love duet with Lauri-Volpi as Raoul.

Concerts
Rosa Raisa married the Italian baritone Giacomo Rimini (1888–1952) in 1920; the couple had first met five years earlier and were inseparable lovers. Rimini was descended from Sephardic Jews on his father's side and his mother was Hungarian-Italian. Rimini was raised as a Catholic. Their careers merged and after retirement in 1938 they opened a voice/opera school together in Chicago, first at the historic Congress Hotel, across from the Auditorium Theatre, and during World War II they moved to North Michigan Avenue. Their daughter Rosa Giulietta Frieda Rimini was born 7 July 1931.

They sang hundreds of concerts together, especially in the United States, many of them sponsored by Jewish groups as Raisa had become a beloved ethnic icon. Her concerts were almost always with Rimini, she singing two-thirds of the concert, he one-third. In their concerts they closed the first half and the end, with duets. The most frequent duets they sang were "Là ci darem la mano" from Don Giovanni where they could be outwardly playful and sexy. The act 4 duet from Il trovatore was often given at the end of the printed program. It is fascinating that they often sang after the first half of a concert a duet from Verdi's Luisa Miller, giving Raisa an opportunity to do some flashy coloratura and ending on a high C. She often closed her recitals with the Yiddish song "Eili, Eili". "Eili Eili" is a Yiddish song starting with the Hebrew words 'Eili, Eili', ("God, why have you forsaken us?") and ending with the Jewish credo, "Sh'mah Yisroel" ("Hear O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One.") This song exists in several arrangements. Raisa had the popular music composer Joseph Bonomie arrange the song for her voice. Her 1918 recording is remarkable for it shows the cello-like coloring of the lower voice, the liquid middle register, as well as the ease of her upper. She sings the song with great feeling, appropriately sobbing on key words. It was reported that she often sang this song with her eyes closed.

Death
Raisa suffered from cancer, having undergone a double mastectomy in the 1940s. She died in Los Angeles, California, on 28 September 1963, and her granddaughter, Suzanne Homme, told Raisa's biographer Charles Mintzer that her death certificate listed "bone cancer" as the immediate cause of death. She was buried in Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City.

Recordings
Raisa's relatively few recordings (from 1917 to 1933 for four different record companies, Pathe, Vocalion, Brunswick, and Italian HMV) reveal a beautiful timbre and a florid technique rare in singers of her type. Her famous vocal power, almost always mentioned in reviews, can only be detected in a few of the recordings. An anthology of these recordings was issued in 1998 on CD by Marston Records (53001-2). The Marston issue also contains an audio interview with Raisa, while its liner notes feature valuable biographical information about her and an evaluation of her voice.

Almost all the reviews of her live performances express astonishment at her phenomenal vocal power. Only on the electric Italian HMVs can some of that power be detected. Alan Kelly, the HMV expert and historian told Larry Lustig of The Record Collector magazine that the company's logs of that May 1933 recording session had notes: "bad" microphone technique and "blasting". She had to be placed in the middle of the orchestra to achieve some reasonable balance. The HMVs do not show Raisa's voice at its freshest, but the voice is still golden and beautiful, with magisterial delivery, and a sense of her unusual power. Lauri-Volpi in his seminal book on singers of his experience and knowledge, Voci Parallele, states that by 1933 Raisa's voice was but an x-ray of how he remembered her earlier in her career.

title: Rosa Raisa


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User talk:Ftata

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Talk:Guys Do It All the Time

Not exactly very NPOV, this stub. See Wikipedia's guidelines for articles, please. Articles are supposed to be more formal, not "chatty" or personal. There is a more standardized format for hit singles on Wikipedia...examine those first then re-do this page.

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title: Talk:Guys Do It All the Time


text:
Brisbane College of Theology

Brisbane College of Theology, located in Auchenflower, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, was an ecumenical theological education consortium (1983–2009), comprising St Francis' Theological College (Anglican), St Paul's Theological College (Roman Catholic), (formerly under the operations of the Pius XII Seminary), and Trinity Theological College (Uniting). The B.C.T was inaugurated on March 28, 1983.

It was based at Raymont Lodge in Auchenflower but effectively operated from this location and also concurrently at Saint Francis Theological College in Milton and Pius XII/ Saint Paul's Theological College at Banyo. The college offered both under-graduate and post-graduate qualifications. It ceased operations as an umbrella organisation for the three colleges in 2009, in part due to the administrative overheads involved in running a small tertiary institution in the Australian higher education system.

From 2009, St Francis' Theological College ran programs through Charles Sturt University, as part of an affiliation agreement with St Mark's National Theological Centre in Canberra. This ceased at the end of 2022, when the college affiliated with the University of Divinity.

Trinity College initially affiliated with the Australian Catholic University, before joining the Australian College of Theology,  while St Paul's joined the Australian Catholic University.

title: Brisbane College of Theology


text:
Ah Cheng

Zhong Acheng (born 1949), often known by his pseudonym Ah Cheng, is a Chinese author and screenwriter.

Life
Ah Cheng's father, Zhong Dianfei, was in charge of the Chinese Communist Party's Propaganda Bureau. In 1956, as part of the Hundred Flowers campaign, he wrote an article criticizing political interference in films and was sent to the countryside. Ah Cheng had to sell his father's books to support the family, and read these Chinese and western classics before doing so. During the Cultural Revolution, Ah Cheng was also sent to the countryside, working in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, and Yunnan, where he became a popular storyteller.

In 1976, he returned to Beijing on leave and witnessed the Tiananmen Square protests against Zhou Enlai. His sketch of Zhou was published in the first issue of Jintian, an unofficial literary magazine founded by Bei Dao and others.

In 1979, Ah Cheng and his wife moved to Beijing. Together with He Dong, Ma Desheng, Wang Keping, Huang Rui, Li Shuang, Qu Leilei and Ai Weiwei, Ah Cheng founded the Stars Group (XingXing), an assembly of untrained, experimental artists who challenged the strict tenets of Chinese politics. As a political and artistic group, they staged exhibitions around Beijing, making way for avant-garde art in China.

Ah Cheng also began writing stories about his life in Yunnan. One of these, "The Chess Master", was published in Shanghai Literature in July 1984. It was praised in Wen yi bao, the journal of the China Writers Association, that October, and won an award in December. "The King of Trees" was published in Chinese Writers in January 1985, and "The King of Children" later that year in People's Literature. Collections of his work were published in Hong Kong and Beijing that year, and in Taipei in 1986.

Chen Kaige, another contributor to Jintian, adapted "The King of Children" into his third film, King of the Children (1988), and Ah Cheng began working as a screenwriter.

Ah Cheng won the 1992 International Nonino Prize in Italy.

Screenplays

 * Yue Yue (1986)
 * Hibiscus Town (1986)
 * Painted Skin (1992)
 * Springtime in a Small Town (2002)
 * The Go Master (2006)
 * The Assassin (2015)

Novels and novellas

 * "The Chess Master", also translated as "The King of Chess" (1984)
 * "The King of Children" (1985)
 * "The King of Trees" (1985)
 * Unfilled Graves

Collections

 * Three Kings: Three Stories from Today's China (trans. by Bonnie McDougall), published 1990 by Collins-Harvill (London).
 * The King of Trees (omnibus of "King of Trees", "The King of Chess", and "The King of Children") (trans. by Bonnie McDougall), published by New Directions Publishing in 2010.

title: Ah Cheng


text:
Harry Steinfeldt

Harry M. Steinfeldt (September 29, 1875 – August 17, 1914) was an American professional baseball player. A third baseman, Steinfeldt played in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds, Chicago Cubs, and Boston Rustlers. He batted and threw right-handed.

Steinfeldt was the starting third baseman for the Cubs in the final game of the 1908 World Series, the team's last championship until their victory in 2016. He was the fourth infielder on a team that gained fame for a double-play combination of "Tinker to Evers to Chance."

Early life
Steinfeldt was born in St. Louis, Missouri, on September 29, 1875, to German immigrants. His family moved to Fort Worth, Texas, when he was five years old. He initially pursued a theatrical career.

Career
While touring Texas in a minstrel show, Steinfeldt played baseball in a town where his show was performing. His success at baseball led him to sign his first professional contract. He debuted in minor league baseball with the Houston Magnolias/Mudcats of the Class B Texas-Southern League in 1895. The next year, he played for the Galveston Sandcrabs and Fort Worth Panthers of the Class C Texas Association. In 1897, Steinfeldt played for the Detroit Tigers of the Class A Western League.

In October 1897, the Cincinnati Reds of the National League (NL) purchased Steinfeldt from Detroit. Debuting in the major leagues for the Reds in 1898, he filled in for Bid McPhee, Tommy Corcoran, and Charlie Irwin as a utility infielder. When the Reds released Irwin during the 1901 season, Steinfeldt became the Reds' starting third baseman. He led the NL in doubles in 1903 with 32.

On October 24, 1905, the Reds traded Steinfeldt, with Jimmy Sebring, to the Chicago Cubs for Jake Weimer. He led the NL in hits in 1906 with 176 and tied with Jim Nealon for most runs batted in (RBIs) with 83. His .327 batting average finished second, behind Honus Wagner (.339).

Steinfeldt set a major league record with three sacrifice flies in a game in 1909. Ernie Banks tied the record in 1961.

Steinfeldt is the only member of the Cubs' infield, which also included Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and Frank Chance, who was left out of Franklin Pierce Adams' famous poem "Baseball's Sad Lexicon" (the famous trio played together for ten years, starting in 1902, while Steinfeldt played with them for five years).

On April 5, 1911, the St. Paul Saints of the American Association purchased Steinfeldt from the Cubs. On May 25, 1911, St. Paul traded Steinfeldt to the Boston Rustlers for Art Butler and Josh Clarke. Steinfeldt fell ill in July 1911, leaving the team. It was later identified as a nervous breakdown. The Rustlers released Steinfeldt after the season.

In 1912, Steinfeldt returned to minor league baseball. He managed the Cincinnati Pippins of the United States Baseball League, but the league folded in midseason. He also played for the Louisville Colonels of the American Association, but was released in May. In June, he became the manager of the Meriden Metropolitans of the Cotton States League.

In 1647 games over 14 major league seasons, Steinfeldt posted a .267 batting average (1578-for-5900) with 759 runs, 284 doubles, 90 triples, 27 home runs, 762 RBI, 202 stolen bases, 471 bases on balls, .330 on-base percentage and .360 slugging percentage. He finished his career with an overall .927 fielding percentage. In 21 World Series games, he hit .260 (19-for-73) with 7 runs, 3 doubles, 1 triple, 8 RBI, 2 stolen bases and 4 walks.

Death
Steinfeldt died in Bellevue, Kentucky in 1914 after a long illness, at the age of 38. He is interred at Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati. The death certificate indicates that he died of a cerebral hemorrhage.

title: Harry Steinfeldt


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File:Mirrormask.jpg

Summary
A promotional poster for Mirrormask, directed by Dave McKean and distributed by Sony Pictures.

Fair use in Mirrormask
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It illustrates an educational article about the film from which the film poster illustration was taken.
 * 2) The image is used as the primary means of visual identification of the article topic.
 * 3) The use of the film poster illustration will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute the original. In particular, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the film.
 * 4) It is a low resolution image.
 * 5) The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * 6) It is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted image of comparable educational value.

title: File:Mirrormask.jpg


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Olav Nilsen

Nils Olav Nilsen (24 January 1942 – 11 October 2021) was a Norwegian footballer who played as a striker in his early career, but was later used as a midfielder. He scored 19 goals in 62 matches for the Norway national team.

On club level Nilsen played for Viking, being team captain during their heyday in the early 1970s. With Nilsen a commanding figure, they won three league championships in 1972, 1973 and 1974. The supporters nicknamed him "Olav Viking".

title: Olav Nilsen


text:
Category:Flora of Western Australia

 * This category contains flora that are native to , a state of Australia.
 * Taxa of the lowest rank are always included. Higher taxa are included only if endemic.
 * The categorisation scheme follows the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, in which the Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands is treated as subordinate to Western Australia, even though politically it is an external territory of the Commonwealth of Australia.

title: Category:Flora of Western Australia


text: Category:Boston Rustlers players

title: Category:Boston Rustlers players