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User talk:Dangdang~enwiki

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title: User talk:Dangdang~enwiki


text:
Luis Vernet

Luis Vernet (born Louis Élie Vernet; March 6, 1791 – January 17, 1871) was a merchant from Hamburg of Huguenot descent. Vernet established a settlement on East Falkland in 1828, after first seeking approval from both the British and Argentine authorities. As such, Vernet is a controversial figure in the history of the Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute.

Biography
Vernet was born in Hamburg but later claimed a French birthplace in his effort to have the French Government intercede with the British Government on his behalf. As a result, some sources refer to him a native of Hamburg, while others refer to him as French born.

Vernet variously referred to himself as Ludwig, Louis, Lewis or Luis depending on the language he was using. He was multilingual, being fluent in German, French, English and Spanish.

Family background
Elias Luis Vernet (Vernet and Louis Elie) was born on 6 March 1791 in Hamburg. His ancestors were Huguenots, probably from Avignon, who settled first in Belgium and then Hamburg. His parents were the tobacco and tea merchant Jacques Vernet (1730–1813) and Maria Vernet. He had three brothers, Peter Alexander, Emilio and Federico.

At the age of 14, in 1805, he was appointed by his father to a trading company and sent to Philadelphia. There he joined the trading house of Krumbhaar, staying with Lewis Krumbhaar, who became a father figure. He became a merchant travelling to Portugal, Brazil and Hamburg.

Emigration to South America
The U.S. government sent a diplomatic Commission to the newly independent United Provinces of the River Plate. Luis Vernet took passage in the frigate USS Congress, arriving in Montevideo in February 1818 (whilst it was a Brazilian possession) and on to Buenos Aires. He remained in Buenos Aires and organized a trading company with the port of Hamburg.

Together with the Montevideo-based Conrad Rücker (died 1866, Hamburg), he ran a trading company until 1821. Rücker was also his best man when on 17 August 1819 he wed María Saez Pérez (1800–1858) from Montevideo. With her he had seven children: Luis Emilio, Luisa, Sofia, Matilde (1830–1924), Gustavo, Carlos Federico.

Later he established an Estancia about 100 km south of Buenos Aires on the Río Salado, where he captured and slaughtered wild cattle. At this stage this represented the border of the colonised areas.

Falkland Islands venture
Luis Vernet had a close personal friendship with Jorge Pacheco, one of the heroes of the Liberation War and the British invasions of the River Plate. Pacheco was owed money by the Government of Buenos Aires and entered into an agreement with Vernet, whereby Vernet would support Pacheco until the debt was repaid, whereupon Vernet would receive half of the money owed. Vernet learned of the wild cattle in the Falklands through his wife María, who was related to a former Spanish Governor of Puerto Soledad, and conceived of a plan to exploit the cattle in the islands. Together with Pacheco he approached the Government in Buenos Aires with a plan to establish a settlement to exploit the wild cattle. In 1823, the United Provinces of the River Plate granted by decree rights to Jorge Pacheco and Luis Vernet. Governor Martin Rodriguez offered Pacheco the usufruct of the wild cattle in the Falkland Islands as payment for his debt. At first Vernet rejected the idea, but after reviewing Pacheco's claim and finding them tenuous, he accepted the offer. On August 5, 1823, Vernet and Pacheco signed a contract under which Pacheco would negotiate the terms of the grant with the government and Vernet would manage the enterprise. Under the terms of the usufruct the partners could either travel to the islands themselves or appoint a 3rd party. Pacheco submitted his proposal and on August 28 the Government granted him by decree the requested rights.

Following the grant, Pacheco and Vernet were approached by Robert Schofield, a British emigre to Uruguay, requesting a grant under the 3rd party rights of the usufruct. Schofield's involvement proved to be a disaster. One of the two ships transporting the expedition was nearly seized by Schofield's creditors as it had not been paid for and Vernet was forced to provide surety. Schofield himself did not travel to the islands, instead trusting command to Pablo Areguati. Travelling to the islands in 1824, the first expedition failed almost as soon as it landed, a week after arrival Argeguati sent a letter to Pacheco describing how the five horses that had survived the voyage were lame and they were unable to hunt cattle due to the ferocious nature of the bulls. The expedition was barely surviving on rabbits and Pacheco feared they would perish. The letter arrived two days after the contract with Schofield was definitised, so the partners were compelled to arrange a relief mission. The expedition was soon back in Buenos Aires with nothing to show for it other than massive debt, which was exacerbated shortly after by Schofield's death. At this point, Pacheco was so discouraged with the enterprise that he planned to sell his share for a small sum of money; instead, Vernet offered him the profits resulting from the capture of wild calves.

Undeterred, Vernet persisted, but by now was aware of conflicting British claims to the islands and sought permission from the British consulate before departing for the islands. The second expedition was delayed until Winter 1826 by a Brazilian blockade, this did not succeed as Vernet had hoped. The expedition intended to exploit the feral cattle on the islands but the boggy conditions meant the Gauchos could not catch cattle in their traditional way. Vernet concluded that in order to succeed the horses would need to be retrained and set to work with the result that by 1828 he had a troop of well-trained horses.

In January 1828, he approached the Buenos Aires Government but they were unable to help. Instead, the government granted Vernet all of East Falkland including all its resources, and exempted him from taxation if a colony could be established within three years. He took settlers, later joined by the British Captain Matthew Brisbane (who had sailed to the islands earlier with Weddell), and before leaving once again sought permission from the British Consulate in Buenos Aires. The British asked for a report for the British government on the islands, and Vernet asked for British protection should they return. Vernet arrived in Puerto Soledad in 1829 and reverted to the use of the original French name as Puerto Luis. Vernet was anxious to establish the colony quickly due to the promise that it would be free from taxation if it could be established within 3 years.

By 1829, the indiscriminate activities of North American sealers had severely depleted the rookeries on the islands. In order to control island resources, Vernet applied to the authorities in Buenos Aires for a warship to put an end to these activities. The authorities were unable to provide one and instead appointed Vernet as Military and Civil Commander of Falkland Islands and the Islands adjacent to Cape Horn by the Government of Buenos Aires (his appointment was in the name of the Republic of Buenos Aires). A proclamation naming Vernet as governor was issued by the Government in Buenos Aires on 10 June 1829 In addition to the proclamation giving Vernet the authority to act with his own means, he was provided with 4 × 8-pdr cannons and 50 rifles, plus blacksmithing tools.

The appointment of Vernet was challenged by the British consul in Buenos Aires, who restated the previous British claim to the Islands. Vernet remained on good terms with the British consul, Sir Woodbine Parish, with whom he continued to correspond with and report his progress. In reference to the announcement of his appointment, Vernet later told Parish he had accepted the appointment out of concern that if another governor were appointed it might be detrimental to his business interests.

Vernet sought to assert a grant of a monopoly on seal hunting and one of his first acts was to attempt to curb seal hunting on the Islands by others, to conserve the seal population for his own dealings. This act was disputed by both the British and American consuls in Buenos Aires, each asserting their right to continue exploiting the natural resources in the islands. In 1831, Vernet seized the American ships Harriet, Breakwater and Superior for breaking his restrictions on seal hunting. Property on board the ships was seized and the Harriet along with her captain returned to Buenos Aires to stand trial, with Vernet also returning for the trial. As a result, in 1831 the USS Lexington raided the islands. In January 1833, a British task force re-established British rule on the Falkland Islands, ending the influence of Buenos Aires over them.

Vernet's role in the dispute over the Falkland Islands
Vernet never set foot in the Falklands again. Recognising that Vernet had British permission to be in the islands, the settlement in the Falklands was encouraged to continue. Vernet's deputy, Matthew Brisbane, returned in March 1833 and endeavoured to resurrect the settlement but later that year was murdered alongside senior members of the settlement by disgruntled Gauchos.

The settlement at Port Louis was left in a derelict state following the murders, Lt Smith the first British resident set about making the buildings habitable. As a naval settlement the issue of Vernet's property became a matter for the admiralty and initially Lt Smith was instructed to take care of Vernet's property and provide accounts to Vernet.

Vernet wrote to Lt Smith offering advice, which was gratefully received and acted upon. Lt Smith repeatedly urged Vernet to return to Port Louis but as Vernet became increasingly involved in the territorial dispute with the Government in Buenos Aires all communications ceased and no more accounts were sent. An approach to Lt Lowcay to retrieve his property was rebuffed but later he was requested to remove his property as the Government could not be responsible for it.

Nevertheless, Vernet continued to influence the development of the Falkland Islands. He sold part of his holdings in the islands to British merchant G.T. Whittington, who formed the Falkland Islands Commercial Fishery and Agricultural Association. This organisation was a key factor in persuading the British Government to establish a colony in the islands, rather than a military base. He provided Samuel Lafone, a businessman key to the formation of the Falkland Islands Company, with maps of the island and knowledge of the potential of the feral cattle population of the islands.

Later years
Vernet was later credited with the discovery of a preservative treatment for leather; the process permitted the rapid growth of leather exports to Europe and elsewhere. He would also develop a method to improve the storage of oils and spirits. The money he made with these processes enabled him to travel to London in 1852 to press his claim for compensation for his losses. He claimed a sum total of £14,295 for horses, domesticated cattle, stone houses and beef left at the settlement, which with interest was inflated to £28,000. After some five years of wrangling he was awarded £2,400 in a settlement of his claim of which he received £1,850 the balance being used to pay off his promissory notes. Although he signed a waiver against further claims he attempted to press for further compensation in 1858 without success.

Vernet returned to Buenos Aires and in 1869 signed a contract with his eldest son to pursue claims against the US Government for the Lexington raid, against Britain for unsatisfactory compensation and against Silas E. Burrows, owner of the Superior for breaking the contract signed by Captains Davison and Congar in 1831.

Luis Vernet died in San Isidro, Buenos Aires, in 1871, and was interred in La Recoleta Cemetery.

The Vernet family persisted with the claims. In 1868, whilst Vernet was still alive, the Argentine government had granted Isla de los Estados part of Vernet's original 1828 concession to Luis Piedra Buena. His sons successfully petitioned the Argentine Government and received compensation for this loss but not for the loss of East Falkland. In 1884, he received support from the Government of President Julio Argentino Roca who reopened both the Lexington claim with the US and the Falklands claim with Britain. The US Government of President Cleveland rejected the claim in 1885. Argentine government protests over the Falklands had ceased with the signing of the Convention of Settlement but were revived in the Affair of the Map in 1884.

Legacy
Vernet is considered as a national hero in Argentina as he was proclaimed Military and Civil Commander of Falkland Islands and the Islands adjacent to Cape Horn by the Republic of Buenos Aires in 1829, on the other hand he is also perceived as an unpatriotic merchant who acted in his own interest and made a pact with the British. The US Government accused Vernet of piracy, whilst the British regard him as an entrepreneur who began the opening up of the Falkland Islands economy.

Vernet was a complex character who impressed almost everyone who met him as a man of intelligence, charm and drive. He was not always truthful in what he said and his falsehoods have sometimes misled historians.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Luis Vernet


text:
User talk:Nawazjeevaji

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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-- Sango  123  17:12, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Nawazjeevaji


text:
User talk:Hubertwillis

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Though we all make goofy mistakes, here is what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango  123  17:12, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Hubertwillis


text:
Talk:Black Economic Empowerment

Neutrality and marketing
This article lacks neutrality and contains link that look suspicially like marketing. I will attempt to clean it up in the next few days, and provide information that is properly sourced and more comprehensive. As soon as more information is available on the page, I will also remove the commercial company links from this page, as the DTI and other South African Government websites has all the required information, and it is not acceptable for a verifcation agency to link from this page, especially not two of them! 196.30.245.149 15:35, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree, also, I suggest we replace the "Effect of BEE" text with some actual researh... i'll be doing so soon if no one has a problem, and i'll be getting rid of unreferenced material in this section ... which is all of it..Goodlucca 19:53, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

 * If we remove the link for Econobee, the one for Mpower ratings should be removed as well...Goodlucca 19:17, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

Econobee has once again linked to their website, this time from Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment. I will continue to clean up marketing links. I suggest we merge the two articles to form one, as there is a lot of repetition...Goodlucca 13:38, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

Criticism: Black Economic Empowerment versus Employment Equity
Wha exactly is the relationship between BEE and Employment Equity? There is stuff in the "Criticism" section of the article that is actually about Employment Equity (Affirmative Action), which appears to be governed by a seperate act (the Employment Equity Act ) and which has its own article.

If employment equity and BEE are different, then the parts in the "Criticism" section after the merge notice should be removed from this article and placed in the Employment Equity article. 168.209.98.35 17:12, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Many criticisms of BEE from the right tend to lump in or import criticisms of employment equity and affirmative action more generally. In editing the relevant section now, I’ve tried to make that explicit. I’ve also removed some points that are not relevant to BEE but rather to other aspects of affirmative action: the claim that Mangosuthu Buthelezi opposes BEE (the reference did not mention BEE, and he seems to support BEE itself ); and a paragraph about the “brain drain” at Eskom, which if it exists is not caused by BEE (BEE has no targets that would incentivise the removal of white engineers (it applies from management level upwards), and in any case Eskom has little incentive to meet BEE targets because it is a state entity and doesn't need to do business with the state. Its BEE rating is actually quite poor: !) Jlalbion (talk) 15:31, 10 January 2022 (UTC)

Black Economic Empowerment has quite a big history and I think this article needs to be expanded. I will dedicate a day and get all the facts together and edit the whole page as it contains a lot of negative opinions. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sbudah (talk • contribs) 12:38, 11 November 2005 (UTC)
 * True — Preceding unsigned comment added by 196.7.19.225 (talk • contribs) 11:29, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Proposed explanation
Black Economic Empowerment has two different catergories:
 * Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE)
 * Narrow-Based Black Economic Empowerment

The two are very different but it can be said that they both serve the same purpose- To empower black people.

Let me break it down for you to see the difference between BEE and Employment Equity or Affirmative Action employment.

Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment

This is black empowerment using seven pillars/core elements of BEE.
 * Black Ownership and Control
 * Black Executive Management
 * Employment Equity
 * Black Skills Development
 * Procurement from BEE Companies
 * Black Enterprise Development
 * Black Corporate Social Investment

""broad based black economic empowerment" means the sustainable economic empowerment of all black people, [including] in particular women, workers, youth, people with disabilities and people living in rural areas, through diverse but integrated socio-economic strategies that include, but are not limited to:-

 * 1) increasing the number of black people that manage, own and control enterprises and productive assets;
 * 2) facilitating black ownership and management of enterprises and productive assets by communities, workers, cooperatives and other collective enterprises;
 * 3) human resource and skills development;
 * 4) achieving equitable representation in all occupational categories and levels in the workforce;
 * 5) preferential procurement, including the promotion of local content procurement; and
 * 6) investment in enterprises that are owned or managed by black South Africans.

To fully understand understand the history "BBEEE" one however needs to fully understand the history of South Africa. Before any European settlement, the country had been undeveloped. In 1652 Jan Van Riebeek landed three ships in the future Cape Town where they had begun to develop the countries infrastructure. Thus bringing with them all the knowledge and skill required to develop an entire country, other European fleets had also began to colonize the land such as the British over the next few century's.

When the African people began to mix with the European settlers they were far less evolved in terms of development and technology for e.g they had only lived in huts built from mud and had not yet discovered literacy. In 1948 the Afrikaner Party gained power. Their goal was to set down the rules that would ensure the separation of "whites" and "blacks" as the social level was too different and "blacks" had not yet developed into a modern society. During apartheid rule, more than half of the tax expenditure went to developing black communities, however there were many strict laws governing "black" south Africans such as a curfew at night so they had to be out of the streets after 9 pm to ensure the safety of the "white" South Africans, they also had their own schools and own entrances into general shops etc, hence the term apartheid meaning separation. In 1990 the president of South Africa FW De Klerk had lifted all the laws of apartheid and all races were allowed to mix. Then in 1992 all white South African's had to vote whether black South Africans could vote for a new governing party thus becoming a democracy despite the fact that most of them were still highly uneducated. Hence in 1994 the African National Congress (Black only) governing party was elected and Nelson Mandela was the first black president of South Africa.

Now in the year 2012, 22 years after races have mixed in South Africa the majority of black South Africans are still living in poverty while the majority of "white" South Africans still live in the same conditions as have since developing their own wealth. It is thus said among critics that the new government has failed to create enough wealth for the black majority as there are around 35 million black people in South Africa and are implementing a policy known as "BEE" or "BBEEE" (Since 1998) which is meant to level out the percentage of black and white people living in poverty thus granting many advantages to black South Africans such as job opportunities; all major corporations have to employ black people into certain positions, only black people can get certain bursaries as well as certain shares can only be bought by black South Africans. Critics say however redistributing the wealth from white South Africans to black South African's is failing to uplift the black majority as there are only around 4 to 5 million white South Africans and thus transferring their wealth to around 35 million "black" South Africans can not work.

Their are also many who call "BBEEE" "blatant racism" as certain advantages are given based only on race.

Employment Equity

The arguement on the criticm part of this article it that a company would have to hire an unskilled worker instead of a qualified and well skilled one because of race. I find this to be a fallacy and inaccurate. Looking at the pillars of BEE, one can choose to groom these workers. Lets take an example:

The arrogance and fear in which people approach this issue is that the SA government is trying to take away jobs and impoverish white people.
 * 1) Through CSI- one would invest in clinics, schools and social upliftment programmes that would enable the young black child to get a chance to be educated. This can be done through bursary schemes or scholarships for these scholars who in the previous government had limited access to finance to further their education, limited schools that gave them real value and no skills at all that they can use that would affect the community in which they live in.
 * 2) After employment, the company employs a skills development strategy where they skill the worker.
 * 3) Through Affirmative Procurement, the company would outsource services or source supplies from companies actively doing the same thing- Grooming future leaders and balancing the system.
 * 4) Same worker can branch out and the company can support him/her through Enterprise Development.

Nobody is taking anyone's job or robbing anyone of their money. Its a system that works by choice and if one sees the need to help- they'll do so.

Please refer to documents such as the Treaty of Vereeniging which was signed in early 1900 (about 1902) which stated that a franchise can only be given to natives after the introduction of self-gorvenance.

To learn more about BEE- Please refer to the Black Economic Empowerment Act, BEE Codes of good practice and all industry charters. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sbudah (talk • contribs) 12:38, 11 November 2005 (UTC)
 * For more details on all these documents or to download them- Visit  Goodlucca 14:53, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

Coloured and Indian beneficiaries
"Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) is a program launched by the South African government to redress the inequalities of Apartheid by giving previously disadvantaged groups (black Africans, Coloureds and Indians) economic opportunuties previously not available to them. It includes measures such as Employment Equity, skills development, targets for ownership and management and preferential procurement." It states that Coloureds and Indians are also given opportunities, however that is not the case. Black economic empowerment focuses solely on the Black culture of South Africa. Would someone care to research this and confirm the fact/ arguement? Scotteh 12:22, 15 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Reading a recent article ont the matter seems to indicate that in practice, your assumption seems correct: — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hurkummer (talk • contribs) 15:15, 22 June 2006 (UTC)
 * In response to above: It states that Coloureds and Indians are also given opportunities, however that is not the case. Black economic empowerment focuses solely on the Black culture of South Africa.) A lot of Coloured people feel that, they were to black for apartheid and too white for BEE and the new south africa. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.54.202.82 (talk • contribs) 23:31, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Impoverishment of White people
While all the elements/pillars of BEE sounds rosy, it is not so in practice. For example, it is next to impossible for a white doctor to specialize in South Africa. White policemen don't get any advancement (i.e. one person I know stayed in the same salary post for 11 years.). It is also extremely difficult for a white male to get any bursaries. Companies use bursaries as a tool to fix racial and empowerment quotas. (i.e. When you phone Siemens and the secretary tells you that if you are a white male, you shouldn't even bother to apply.)

In response to the statements raised by the person above: I know that it is politically incorrect to be a white afrikaner in south africa, but I just want to raise a few comments to the statements above. The person who wrote the statements above, have never been on the receiving end of BEE. Nobody is taking anyone's job A lot of white people lost their jobs to be replaced by black people. (some people even had to train their replacee's). A lot of large companies and government institutions gives people "severance packages". It sounds nice, you get a lump sum of money and you lose your job. The packet is the person's pension contributions given in one lump sum. Most white males can't get another job (a lot of people start businesses with their packages, but most of them fail). In a few years, there is going to be a generation of elderly white people without any pension. The largest increase in unemployment between 1996 and 2001 was under white people. It is a 200% increase. (article by Filp Buys leader of a trade union for afrikaners) The result, white people gets poorer.

Another two problems complicate the matter.
 * 1) Afrikaners have no political power, as afrikaners are a minority. In the USA laws protect minorities, but BEE acts against minorities in SA. There will be no incentive for the government to stop BEE. The minister of Labour (Mdladlana) said that there would never be an end to affirmative action.
 * 2) It is politically incorrect to be an afrikaner. Afrikaners is the scapegoat for all the thing that go wrong in south africa. Most people in other countries feel that afrikaners deserve affirmative action/BEE.

The only viable option for a lot of afrikaners is to emmigrate to other countries.(There is over a million south africans in England, most of them white). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.54.202.82 (talk • contribs)
 * I got to disagree a bit. Afrikaners may not have formal political power, but they do have some informal power. They are strong in some civil society organisations. I.e. Solidarity. This power could be very potent, if used correctly. One big power is Apathy, and of course the trauma of having been sold out by traitors in their own elite. This has to heal and a will to power needs to develope. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.241.137.133 (talk • contribs)

BEE is the main reason that over 2million out of 3milion Afrikaner live under the breadline. Please put something about that in your article.
 * ^ not it isn't... quit talking shit —Preceding unsigned comment added by 143.160.124.40 (talk) 09:56, 27 July 2009 (UTC)

Brain drain
BEE is probably one of the major causes of the South African “brain drain”. Quote from a BBC article: "And their sons and daughters, many of whom were not even born when apartheid was in place, now cannot find jobs because affirmative action reserves them for blacks. A fifth of the white population has left in the past 10 years, taking their skills and much of their wealth with them."

- South Africa's deepening malaise — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.54.202.82 (talk • contribs)
 * .......... What is a young white graduate to do? Or for that matter a qualified and experienced white person who wished to change his/her job. Employers in SA are bound to discriminate against them. So they seek work where they are welcome. Quite simple! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.171.103.47 (talk • contribs)
 * That's the law of unintended(?) consequences. It must be added that while some of the Blacks are financially better of then 10years ago. Many more of the Blacks are worth of then previously. Similar features apply to Whites. Actually the bargaining power of the remaining skilled people has grown since the last years. One can see this also in the property market, more money means higher prices. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.241.137.133 (talk • contribs)
 * It should be noted that this is pure opinion as black skilled people have also left the country, due to various debatable reasons. I suggest we edit the main article to be more neutral in keeping with wiki guidelines. 196.211.19.34 14:01, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

An application problem
As with many well meant plans, it is the application thereof that can be its undoing. BEE relies on the Apartheid classification of different population groups. Thus entrenching racist division. In essence the discrimination against so called "white" and then in the second line "coloured" jobseekers makes the measure of ability or skill secondary to the discussion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.171.103.47 (talk • contribs)

Also bearing in mind that apartheid has been over since 1994, equilibrium should have been reached. When BBBEE was first introduced< it was introduced as a plan to reach employment equity. this should then reach a point were it can be said enough time was given to reach this equity, so BBBEE an affirmative action can be scrapped to give everyone and anyone a fair chance on employment. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.242.110.108 (talk) 15:56, 22 August 2012 (UTC)

Problems with Apartheid - BEE/Affirmative Action Logic
There are several problems with the Logic of BEE / affirmative action. In the first place the premises are somehow wrong. The Republic of South Africa under the NP. Did understand itself as a state for White people only. So actually Blacks were not excluded, but simply not included. The political future of Blacks was assigned to the homelands, which were to be extended, developed and finally released into independence. The lack of development in the homelands can not be blamed on White people, but is the Blacks own responsibility. Of course the NP-Bureaucrats made many mistakes in executing their policies - I sometimes get the impression that they didn't graps the essence of their own policiy of "separate development" (That's the scientifically correct name for "Apartheid"). So the premise was that Whites and the Non-Whites groups were seen as separate political entities. Those shouting "Apartheid was unfair" work with a wrong premise: That Whites and Blacks were one political entity. Since their premises are wrong, their conclusions have to be wrong by necessity as well.

Not all White people had that big "unfair Advantages" in the past. One can even see this from the economic data. Actually only those part of the powerful networks in the country, really could reap over the top. These networks by name are "Broederbond"(Afrikaners), Free Masons and their clubs (mainly English), the Jewish community. There were other networks of less importance as well. If you were not part of those networks, their was no "unfair advantage" for you at all. The rest of Whites had more or less first world avarage standards of living. Which would be typical for a country run by social democrats. The NP was essentially a social democratic Party for Whites, and also handled the Blacks in a state interventionist way. In a sense the ANC is continuing the policies of the NP. The racial classifications have been formally dropped. Ironically they just continue using those labels. But since their is no legal classification any more what standard do they apply for distinguishing between Blacks/Whites?! If their is no standard, a company can actually put anybody on its management and call him "Black".

Then of course their is the question whether their is really benefits from the whole BEE Scheme. Is the economy as a whole benefiting?! Certainly some individuals do benefit. But a company employing someone, that won't have got the position, if it wasn't for an interventionist policy, will probably make less money. This loss they will have to get somewhere. Guess what most probably they'll dismiss weaker employees or subcontractors! Let's assume that a manager costs the company a loss of R20.000 - They'll have to fire 10 other employees costing them R2000. So the company might shrink or not be able to grow sufficiently. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 41.241.137.133 (talk • contribs).

The ICERD (International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination) defines racism as follows: “Any distinction, exclusion, restriction, or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise, on equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, or any other field of public life.” 196.46.70.95 06:46, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Act is racist by name
If you read the name of the Act it is racist by name. It is pro-black and against every other race. I have heard talk from white business owners where they believe it is extremely unfair that they have to sell part of their business so it has a share that is black owned. They also feel it is unfair that they are required to hire a certain percentage of black people especially when it is the case that they are not the most qualified. 68.108.156.244 05:00, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

It seems the editors on this talk page is quick to forget that apartheid systematically impoverished the black population of South-Africa, and that, with the original Codesa negotiation an “apartheid tax” was agreed for corporates. This was never put into effect. I wonder how the above editor’s companies’ would have responded to that. If you take the trouble to actually read the act, you will see that black encompasses other races as well. At least BEE as it is currently legislated attempts to address a broader base, and attempt, albeit not in an even nearly perfect manner, to address the inequities. And it is simply false that companies must comply with ownership or equity requirements. They may choose whichever of the 7 seven pillars they want to address BEE, and depending on their commitment will be rated accordingly. And if they can (economically) afford it, they can choose to ignore all, and rate badly – there is no minimum requirement. South Africa, perhaps unfortunately for some, must transform in order to avoid social and economic crisis. I sincerely wish that more level headed editors will join this discussion, and cite proper research. The following is an interesting, neutral read for those of you interested, concerning black capital and corporate risk relating to BEE. Goodlucca 21:00, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Apartheid didn´t impoverish the black population. It wasn´t as if they had TVs and Cars before Apartheid, which were "taken off them". BEE is aimed at taking stuff from white people. Not "restoring" equality which never existed. 2.125.117.24 (talk) 16:39, 25 February 2011 (UTC)

Blacks eliminated Pigmeys
Blacks came before whites and eliminated Pigmeys. Where will be Pigmey economic empowerment?? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Mveljko (talk • contribs) 21:08, 27 April 2007 (UTC).

 * This is not entirely true. In a large part of South Africa, whites came before blacks and enslaved/eliminated Pigmeys too. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.190.253.150 (talk) 21:09, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

Categories
I added it to racism, discrimination and politics and race as it correctly belongs into that categories. --41.150.199.225 (talk) 09:57, 9 October 2013 (UTC)

International BEE
Hello: could someone perhaps make a list of international companies that are BEE, ie Barclays Bank Thebigflyin (talk) 05:32, 15 June 2016 (UTC)

Evidence for negative effects
This article is just the latest of a long-line of semi- and explicitly-racist drivel on South Africa here. Please fix it. If you are going make a claim of a catastrophic situation, you need to produce some evidence.90.220.71.77 (talk) 16:11, 10 January 2021 (UTC)

Uncited opinions in Rationale section - March 2021
The Rationale section contains the text: "It must be noted that BBBEE is the only law of its kind and has not been copied anywhere else. Otzy implementation unsurprisingly had loopholes that were found and used by businesses to sideline black people from benefiting from the programme. It takes two years for changes in law to be implemented. Each time businesses not in the spirit of reconciliation attempt to disadvantage black people who once again use programme that is meant to benefit them and create an impression that it is a failure. However, BBBEE works when companies fully comply to the spirit of what it is meant to do. The BBBEE Commissioner reports on the progress of transformation each year, and the results are always disappointing." Unless anyone objects I believe this should be removed — Preceding unsigned comment added by Colonycat (talk • contribs) 04:50, 25 March 2021 (UTC)

 * ✅ Agreed, uncited and clearly not objective. Jlalbion (talk) 18:12, 8 January 2022 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I think it makes sense to merge Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment into this page, Black Economic Empowerment. Even if the policy is officially known as BBBEE now, BBBEE is so substantively similar to pre-2003 BEE, and so commonly referred to as just "BEE", that I think anyone who is looking for the Wikipedia article for BEE is probably looking for BBBEE. Plus the broad rationale for both, and the criticisms directed at both, are pretty much identical. Alternatively, this could be an article about the broader underlying policy, and the other article could be renamed and rejigged as the Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act, 2003, laying out the specifics of the legislation and regulations? Or, alternatively, keep both articles under their current names. But in that case I think there still has to be some editing of both based on a clearer division of labour between the two. Jlalbion (talk) 18:23, 8 January 2022 (UTC)

 * I completed the merge (rather belatedly!). Jlalbion (talk) 15:44, 9 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Black Economic Empowerment


text:
Floodability

Floodability may refer to one of the following.

 * Floodability (ship), a characteristic of the construction of a ship to resist flooding.
 * The risk of flooding of land areas or the degree of this risk.

title: Floodability


text:
× Laeliocatonia

× Laeliocatonia is a nothogenus of intergeneric orchid hybrids descended from the parent genera Laelia, Cattleya and Broughtonia. It is abbreviated Lctna. in the horticultural trade.

title: × Laeliocatonia


text:
User talk:Superstar550

A welcome from Sango123
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title: User talk:Superstar550


text:
User talk:Bdunn1

Astor Place Cosmonauts
You created the article on the Astor Place Cosmonauts and noted that it was fiction; however, you did not identify which fiction they are from and a search on "Astor Place Cosmonauts" turns up no hits. Would you mind providing this information? -- Antaeus Feldspar 17:14, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bdunn1


text:
Talk:Northern Norway

Untitled
Traditionally, northerners regarded shells and prawns as bait, but lately they have developed a taste for it, and the freshest and most succulent prawns and shells are easily obtainable all along the coast. doesn't make sense in English. I'm assuming that shells really means shellfish and changing it as such.--JBellis 17:14, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

See Helgeland and Halogaland. IP Address 13:42, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

"All the progress within fishing and agriculture was introduced by Norwegians, making Sami and Finnish ways less attractive." I have heard it was quite opposite: "All the progress within fishing and agriculture was introduced by the Finns." If latter is true, first is clearly disinformation. However, there is no source mentioned.--80.223.215.224 (talk) 12:33, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Northern, Not North
Aside from the point that there should in any case be consistent use of a single term within an article, I think North Norway is a poor translation of Nord-Norge. Granted, North Norway is the most literal translation of the Norwegian term Nord-Norge, but it creates the wrong associations in English. The form "North X", "South X", etc. in English normally indicates an independent country (as in North/South Korea, South Sudan, West Germany), whereas "Northern X", "Southern X" etc. is commonly used for regions within a country (as in Southwestern US, Western Germany, Southern Japan). Northern Norway would also be consistent with the terms used for other Norwegian regions on Wikipedia, as well as title of this very article. I will therefore go ahead and edit the article to reflect this. Maitreya (talk) 10:04, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Northern Norway


text:
James Ishmael Ford

James Ishmael Ford (Zeno Myoun, Roshi) is an American Zen Buddhist priest and a retired Unitarian Universalist minister. He was born in Oakland, California on July 17, 1948. He earned a BA in psychology from Sonoma State University, as well as an M.Div. and an MA in the Philosophy of Religion, both from the Pacific School of Religion.

Biography
Ford began his Zen studies in 1968 at the Berkeley Zen Center under the direction of Mel Weitsman, later Weitsman, Roshi. He was ordained unsui and received Dharma transmission from the late Jiyu Kennett Roshi. After leaving Kennett Roshi's Shasta Abbey and for a brief time exploring other religious traditions including the Episcopal Church, the western Gnostic tradition and Inayat Khan Sufism, Ford pursued Zen koan introspection for nearly twenty years in the Sanbo Kyodan tradition with John Tarrant Roshi, with whom he completed formal training and from whom he received Inka Shomei (formal recognition as an authorized Zen teacher) in 2005.

Ford began to be seriously involved in Unitarian Universalism at about the same time he began his work with Tarrant Roshi. After completing theological studies he became a Unitarian Universalist minister, serving Unitarian Universalist congregations in Wisconsin and Arizona before becoming senior minister of the First Unitarian Society in Newton, MA in 2000. In May 2008 First Unitarian Church of Providence, RI called him to its pulpit; he began his ministry there in the summer of that year.

Roshi Ford also maintained his relationships within the Soto community, and in 2004 Ford participated in the first Dharma Heritage ceremony of the North American Soto Zen Buddhist Association. Ford, a past president of the Unitarian Universalist Buddhist Fellowship, was the first Unitarian Universalist minister to be named a Zen master.

Roshi Ford is part of the establishment of Zen in North America. He is the co-founder and first abbot of Boundless Way Zen, a network of meditation groups mostly in eastern Massachusetts. He was also influential in the development of the Buddhist Temple of Toledo in Ohio.

In 2015, Ford retired from his ministry at the First Unitarian Church of Providence, left Boundless Way, and moved to Long Beach, California. He then established the Empty Moon Zen Network, a network of Zen Centers in California, Washington state, and Pennsylvania.

In 2020 he started serving as consulting minister to the historic First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles.

Ford is a member of the American Zen Teachers Association and served on its membership committee for a decade. He maintains connections with the Unitarian Universalist community through his work with their Society for Community Ministries and Spiritual Director’s Network.

Roshi Ford has nine Dharma heirs including Josh Jiun Bartok Roshi (suspended as teacher from Greater Boston Zen Center in 2020 for sexual misconduct and in 2021 suspended from Soto Zen Buddhist Association for ethical violations, is no longer teaching Zen); Melissa Myozen Blacker Roshi of Boundless Way Temple; Dosho Port (suspended indefinitely from Soto Zen Buddhist Association in 2022 for ethical violations ); and Jay Rinsen Weik Roshi of the Buddhist Temple of Toledo, Ohio.

title: James Ishmael Ford


text:
× Laeliocattleya

Laeliocattleya is a nothogenus of intergeneric orchid hybrids descended from the parental genera Laelia and Cattleya. It is abbreviated Lc. in the horticultural trade.

Due to the recent decision by the Royal Horticultural Society (the international orchid registration authority) to recognize the reduction of the Brazilian Laelia species and the entire genus Sophronitis to synonymy under Cattleya, many hybrids which had previously been described as Laeliocattleya hybrids are now classified as Cattleya hybrids (e.g. C. George Cutler). The nothogenus name × Sophrolaelia (for hybrids between Sophronitis and Laelia) is now a synonym of × Laeliocattleya.

List of grexes

 * Laeliocattleya (syn. Cattleya) Anna Ingham – Has flowers that range from dark reddish purple to deep mauve. The lip is darker colored and the lip is veined with gold. They can bear up to five flowers, each 6 to 7 inches wide.
 * Laeliocattleya (syn. Cattleya) Derna – Has flowers that are yellow. The lip is purple and is streaked with gold. The can bear up to six flowers, each 5 inches wide.
 * Laeliocattleya (syn. Cattleya) Dorset Gold – Has flowers with yellow petals edged with crimson. The lip is ruffled and is red-purple, with gold streaks along the throat.
 * Laeliocattleya Puppy Love – Has soft shell pink flowers. This is a true Laeliocattleya unlike others above.

title: × Laeliocattleya


text: User talk:69.141.173.206

title: User talk:69.141.173.206


text:
User talk:Faisal82

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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title: User talk:Faisal82


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/MI9 (EU intelligence unit)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Gareth Hughes 17:17, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

MI9 (EU intelligence unit)
Unencyclopedic Article. No sources, little information. Edward Grefenstette 17:16, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nomination. - Edward Grefenstette 17:16, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete--I can't find any evidence that this actually exists as described in an article. There appears to be a British intelligence service focused on covert operations and PoW escapes that goes by this name, however. British military buffs? Meelar (talk) 18:05, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * We have MI9 which seems to be ok, but this obviously shouldn't redirect there since it had nothing to do with a not-then-existent supranational entity. -Splash talk 20:55, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete too secret. Unverifiable irrespective of how I google, and full of purely speculative claims about other highly secretive things. This is a confluence of WP:V problems and WP:NOR problems. -Splash talk 20:55, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Lela6

A welcome from Sango123
Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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title: User talk:Lela6