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KYOT

KYOT (95.5 FM) is a commercial adult hits music radio station located in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. Owned and operated by iHeartMedia, its studios are located in Phoenix near Sky Harbor Airport and its transmitter is in South Mountain Park.

Despite the station's call sign and former "The Coyote" branding (used from 1993 to 2011), there is no affiliation of any kind with the Arizona Coyotes, the local National Hockey League team. (The KYOT call letters came before the original Winnipeg Jets moved to Phoenix and became the Coyotes in the late 1990s.)

History
On July 29, 1956, at 6 p.m., KELE signed on the air as the second FM station in the city of Phoenix, joining KFCA, the radio station of Phoenix College, which began transmissions in 1951. The construction permit for the station, which bore the KONI-FM callsign for the first 19 days of its permit history in 1955, was owned by James T. Ownby; before signing on, Ownby sold the station to ANJO Broadcasters and Telecasters, which moved the station from the original 98.5 dial position to 95.5.

In 1962, KELE was sold to Camelback Broadcasting; the next year, after being off the air for several months, KELE became KRFM with an easy listening music format. Camelback promptly sold KRFM to Arizona FM.

Following an acquisition by Harte-Hanks, on January 15, 1978, the call letters were changed to KQYT, retaining its easy listening music format, branded as "Quiet 95“. On July 22, KQYT accidentally made a false alarm by accidentally playing the "White Card" Emergency Broadcast System Emergency Action Notification in the middle of their station ID, unlike WCCO-AM in Minneapolis, MN and WOWO-AM in Fort Wayne, IN 7 years prior.

On July 10, 1986, despite KQYT having outstanding ratings (but older-skewing, as many easy listening stations did), the station began stunting with an audio broadcast of CNN after a 30-second silence, broadcasting a news story involving the Soviet proposal having a special meeting with the nuclear weapons' control the response from the Reagan Administration, but was interrupted towards the end of the story with 12 more seconds of silence. The format was then changed to a simulcast of KOY 550's full-service middle of the road format, as a way to stem the tide of listeners moving to FM adult contemporary competitors like KKLT and KLZI (now sister station KESZ). The call letters were changed to KOY-FM. The simulcast was not successful, and by mid-1987, KOY-FM split off with its own identity as an adult top 40, branded as "Y-95". The station later evolved to a top 40 music format. The station gained some national attention in the late 1980s when they hired Jessica Hahn, a central figure in the Jim Bakker PTL scandal, as an on-air DJ. The station also helped to start the careers of Arizona disk jockeys Tim Hattrick and Glenn Beck. The station competed heavily against KKFR (then at 92.3 FM, now on 98.3) and KZZP, and Phoenix was considered to be the best market for fans of Top 40. However, due to the changing nature of the format in the late 1980s and early 1990s in terms of musical tastes, personalities and personnel changes, KZZP flipped to the then-new Hot AC format in April 1991, leaving KKFR and KOY-FM to battle for themselves. However, despite KOY-FM picking up a good percentage of KZZP's former audience, the station dropped in the ratings, well below KKFR, which moved towards a more upbeat, rhythmic direction to compete against KOY-FM's own rhythmic/dance direction. To combat this, in late 1992, KOY-FM began a "dayparting" approach, by playing more safe and mainstream pop/rock content during the day, and less mainstream hip hop/rock/dance product at night. However, a few months later, the station reverted to its previous sound. With all the changes, the station continued to deteriorate in the ratings.

On September 2, 1993, at Noon, the station began stunting, airing loops of quotes from famous people and figures from American pop culture and history, branded as "America's Radio Museum". The following day, the station flipped to a "rhythm and rock" format (a predecessor to the latter-day adult hits format) branded as "The Coyote". A change of call letters to KYOT-FM followed to match its new branding.

On March 14, 1994, at 6:30 PM, the format was changed to a successful smooth jazz format, but retaining its branding as "The Coyote", with actor Geoffrey Holder providing the station's voice-over during its tenure. Nick Francis, previously the program director of KKNW in Seattle and the music director of KKSF in San Francisco, programmed KYOT-FM to a ratings height of #1 12+ at one point in the late 1990s.

At the time it changed to smooth jazz, KYOT-FM was owned by Sundance Communications. Several ownership changes in the late 1990s would see KYOT-FM become a property of Colfax, Chancellor, AMFM and eventually Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia) in 2000.

Between 2000 and 2010, KYOT-FM maintained strong 12+ ratings, but eventually saw a similar aging of the audience that other smooth jazz stations experienced. Francis' role as program director was downsized, and the smooth jazz format of KYOT-FM never regained its dominance.

In 2010, the station began mixing some soft adult contemporary music into the mix, similar to what was being done at KTWV in Los Angeles. By January 2011, KYOT-FM was playing less smooth jazz and more AC-sounding pop/R&B recurrents and classic/old school pop and R&B songs. By that June, KYOT-FM officially moved to rhythmic adult contemporary, playing mostly rhythmic pop/R&B hits from the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s.

On August 31, 2011, KYOT-FM was rebranded as "Eva 95.5," first playing rhythmic oldies. By October 2013, KYOT-FM shifted back to a Rhythmic AC direction by adding current Rhythmic Pop and R&B material to its selection while maintaining a majority of older Rhythmic product.

On January 10, 2014, at 5 p.m., KYOT-FM changed their format to adult hits (filling the format void after KPKX flipped to sports earlier that week), branded as "95.5 The Mountain." The final song on "Eva" was "End of the Road" by Boyz II Men, while the first song on "The Mountain" was "You Give Love a Bad Name" by Bon Jovi.

The station modified its call sign to simply KYOT on September 18, 2018.

HD radio
KYOT's HD radio signal is multiplexed. HD1 is a simulcast of The Mountain's adult hits format. HD2 carries the format of sister station KFYI 550 AM. The HD3 is leased out to KNLB in Lake Havasu City to feed translator K240DC 95.9.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: KYOT


text:
File talk:Carretto.jpg

Who is the author of this photo, and what year did he/she die? Wondering, since the copyright tag assumes that this is known, -- Infrogmation 02:41, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Could someone unlock this page please - it is no longer on the front page - AKeen 00:12, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

title: File talk:Carretto.jpg


text: User talk:63.133.154.10

title: User talk:63.133.154.10


text:
User talk:Furlong

Welcome to Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Furlong


text: User talk:Jonjbm

title: User talk:Jonjbm


text:
K7 (musician)

Louis Sharpe (born August 25, 1966), better known by his stage names K7 or Kayel, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, musician and record producer.

K7 is the frontman of TKA, the best-selling Latin freestyle group in history. He is signed with Tommy Boy Records.

In 1993, K7 released the album, Swing Batta Swing, which featured three singles that reached pop radio: "Zunga Zeng" (produced by Frankie Cutlass), "Hi-De-Ho" (also notably on The Mask film soundtrack), and K7's biggest hit, "Come Baby Come", which reached No. 18 on the Billboard Hot 100, and No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart.

K7 worked on the air on Manhattan radio stations Hot 97 and WKTU.

K7 released another album in 2002 called Love, Sex, Money. His most recent album, The King's Agenda, was released in March 2009 and is available on iTunes.

K7, along with the other members of TKA, continues to tour and perform in nightclubs around the U.S.

title: K7 (musician)


text: Category:Churches in the United Kingdom

title: Category:Churches in the United Kingdom


text: User talk:71.240.0.198

title: User talk:71.240.0.198


text:
Loushan Pass

Loushan Pass (忆秦娥·娄山关) is a ci poem written by Mao Zedong in February, 1935, during the Long March. Loushan Pass itself is a gorge among mountains in Guizhou province, China. Mao wrote this poem after the Red Army defeated the local government army after a fierce battle and occupation the pass.

Fierce the west wind,

Wild geese cry under the frosty morning moon.

Under the frosty morning moon

Horses' hooves clattering,

Bugles sobbing low.

Idle boast the strong pass is a wall of iron,

With firm strides we are crossing its summit.

We are crossing its summit,

The rolling hills sea-blue,

The dying sun blood-red.

title: Loushan Pass


text:
Animal Precinct

Animal Precinct is an American documentary reality television series that originally aired from June 26, 2001, to February 4, 2008, on Animal Planet. Set in New York City, the series follows the animal cruelty agents of the ASPCA Humane Law Enforcement Division as they work as advocates for the five million pets and other animals in New York City, sometimes removing them from dangerous situations and pursuing arrests of those who have been accused of being cruel to animals.

The show was filmed locally by crews from Anglia Television, edited in the UK and shown on Discovery Channel networks worldwide.

Format
When the series debuted in 2001, episodes were 30 minutes in length. This was later extended to a full hour, and remained there for all subsequent seasons. The pilot episode was quite different from subsequent episodes, as it focused primarily on Special Investigator Annemarie Lucas and included her discussing various parts of her job, such as how she felt about carrying a gun.

"Animal Precinct at Ground Zero"
On October 12, 2001, Animal Planet aired a one-hour special focused on the work to rescue the many animals that were affected by the fall of the World Trade Center towers on September 11.

Cast
The ASPCA Humane Law Enforcement (HLE) officers can be classified as Special Agents or Special Investigators. Many HLE officers are identified by name on-camera; however, some are not, instead spoken of only by initial (most notably "Special Agent M" and "Special Agent Q") with their faces blurred when on-camera as a way to protect their identities so that they can do undercover work for the ASPCA.

During the first three seasons, the HLE team had ten investigators. At the start of the fourth season, the team had been expanded to fifteen investigators. In season six, the team expanded again, and as of May 2008, the HLE has twenty investigators, including a female undercover agent ("Special Agent L").

In 2007, Special Investigator Annemarie Lucas was promoted to Supervisory Special Investigator. As a result of the extra duties associated with her promotion, she does fewer street work cases, but still occasionally participates in investigations when other agents need her assistance.

 * Kristi Adams
 * John De La Torre
 * Diane DiGiacomo (died in the line of duty, see below)
 * Adam Gankiewicz
 * Bob Clark
 * Mike Geller
 * Paul Lai
 * Annemarie Lucas
 * Mark MacDonald
 * Joe Pentangelo
 * Richard Raheb
 * Peter Rivas
 * Paul Romano
 * Henry Ruiz (formerly "Special Agent H" when he was undercover)
 * Richard Ryan
 * Tina Salaks
 * Joann Sandano
 * Timothy Stack
 * Michelle Norman (currently running a blog AnimalsEvent.com)
 * Michael Tietje (retired in 2006)

Special Agent H
Special Agent Henry Ruiz was known as "Special Agent H" during the show's early seasons but revealed his true identity in the episode aired on July 18, 2005, after he ceased performing undercover work. Ruiz's "unmasking" was the subject of a series of special episodes of Animal Precinct, in which footage of Ruiz's past rescues was shown for the first time without the facial blurring, as well as footage from his last major undercover operation for the ASPCA (reconnaissance and surveillance of an area holding roosters bred for cock fighting) with Ruiz demonstrating and explaining his undercover techniques on-camera. However, completed episodes filmed while Ruiz was still "Special Agent H" still have his face blurred whenever he appears on-screen.

Diane DiGiacomo
In 2014, Special Investigator Diane DiGiacomo was diagnosed with cancer that was directly attributed to her exposure to toxins while working as a part of animal search and rescue operations after the September 11 attacks that were depicted in the Animal Precinct at Ground Zero special. DiGiacomo died on November 20, 2015, as a result of that cancer. Although DiGiacomo's death occurred over 14 years after the attack and almost 2 years after the January 2014 dissolution of the Humane Law Enforcement Division, the Officer Down Memorial Page considers her death to be in the line of duty. This makes DiGiacomo the only known line of duty death in the history of the ASPCA Humane Law Enforcement Division.

Equipment
The agents of the ASPCA Humane Law Enforcement have full police powers. Their police powers stem from a law that was written in 1866 by ASPCA founder Henry Bergh. They are certified New York State peace officers and have statewide jurisdiction, though they only work in the confines of New York City's 5 boroughs (Manhattan, Queens, Bronx, Brooklyn, and Staten Island).

The agents of the ASPCA Humane Law Enforcement have the same equipment NYPD police officers do, plus some items that are specialized for animal-related work. The agents are issued either a Glock 19 9mm or a Smith & Wesson 5906 9mm handgun, pepper spray, ASP baton, and handcuffs. Their squad cars are Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptors, vans, and SUVs. They carry poles and cages for animal catches and seizures.

Reception
The success of Animal Precinct led Animal Planet to create an "umbrella rotation" of similar shows known collectively as "Animal Planet Heroes". Though the shows have similar formats, each has its own unique elements due to the differences in the ways the individual cities deal with animal care and cruelty cases. There have currently been eight similar shows based on the Animal Precinct concept:
 * Animal Cops: Detroit (Detroit, Michigan)
 * Animal Cops: Houston (Houston, Texas)
 * Miami Animal Police (Miami-Dade, Florida)
 * Animal Cops: San Francisco (San Francisco, California)
 * Animal Cops: Phoenix (formally "Animal Planet Heroes: Phoenix") (Phoenix, Arizona)
 * Animal Cops: South Africa (Cape of Good Hope, South Africa)
 * Animal Cops: Philadelphia (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
 * Animal Cops: Miami (also Miami-Dade, Florida)

In 2002, the series won the Genesis Award for the "Best Reality Programming" category.

title: Animal Precinct


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Meitei Pangals

The Meitei Pangals, also known as Meitei Muslims or the Manipuri Muslims, are a group of Meitei Muslims. They live mainly in Manipur. The word Pangal simply means Muslim in the Meitei language. Various historical sources have different dates for when Islam first entered Manipur. However, the date all sources seem to confirm as definitive is 1606 AD. The origin of the Pangal community is equally varied.

Etymology
The word Pangal was historically used by the Meitei people to denote all Muslims. The word also means strength. In Assam and Cachar, they also used to also be referred to as Mei Moglai (Mughal Meitheis). Outside of India, they can be found in Bangladesh's Moulvibazar District (particularly southern Kamalganj) where they are known as Khai Bangal.

History
In the 17th century, Meitei Prince Sanongba requested aid from Cachari King Dimasha Prataphil to defeat his brother King Khagemba. Dimasha Prataphil was aware of Khagemba's military strength and knew that his forces alone could not win. So, he requested help from the Nawab of Taraf, Muhammad Nazir. Nazir supplied 1000 troops, who were placed under the command of his brother Muhammad Sani. Sani was defeated and King Khagemba imprisoned him and his soldiers. Later, King Khagemba allowed the Muslim soldiers to settle in the valleys of Manipur. Meanwhile, the Burmese army attacked the Kabaw Valley. King Khagemba asked the Muslim soldiers to help the Meitei army. They agreed and fought alongside the Meitei army and were victorious. Khagemba was very happy with that and bestowed the name Pangal on the Muslim soldiers. Through marriage, adoption of the Meitei language and local practices which did not conflict with Islam, the Muslim soldiers were eventually naturalised as the Meitei Pangals.

The Meitei Pangals were result of two Muslim migrations in 1606 and 1724. Manipur provided shelter to Shah Shuja, the Mughal prince who fled (and was pursued) to save himself from the wrath of his brother Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. According to Henry Rule Kathe, Muslims are the result of intermixing (melting pot) of Muslims coming in different eras from different directions – Bengal, Arakan, Cachar and Manipur itself. Silk-spinning was a trade widely practised by them.

The Meitei Pangals of Manipur devastated and were taken as slaves by the invading Burmese armies.

While some Muslims were already living in Manipur, there was a significant influx of Muslims from 1660 onwards, as refugees followed the deposing of the Mughal Shah Shuja (Shangkusum) of Hindustan, who lost a war of succession to Aurangzeb. Shuja's flight is significant in the Islamic folklore of both north east India and Bangladesh.

On 6 June 1660, Shuja fled from Dacca (Dhaka), initially intent on travelling, via Chittagong to Arakan (Rakhine). Arakan, capital of the Mrauk U Kingdom, was the destination, because Sanda Sudamma (Thudamma) had reportedly promised to provide ships to take Shuja and his entourage to Mecca for haj (pilgrimage). Shaju travelled with his wife Piari Banu Begum (a.k.a. Praveen Banu, Piara Banu, or Pai Ribanu) and her sister Sabe Banu, his sons Zainul Abidin (Zainibuddin, Bon Sultan or Sultan Bang), Buland Akhtar and Zain-ul-Din Muhammad (Zainul Abedi), and daughters Gulrukh Banu, Roshanara Begum and Amina Begum, as well as two vessels of gold and silver, jewels, treasures and other royal trappings, on the backs of half a dozen camels, while about 1,000 palanquins (carriers) transported Shuja's harem. After staying for some time at Chittagong, Shuja took a land route (still called Shuja Road) southward. Shuja prayed the Eid prayer at a place called Edgoung (meaning eidgah) in Dulahazra. The part crossed the Naf River, half a mile north of Maungdaw, which is sometimes still known as "Shuja Village". The final leg was a sea voyage to Arakan where Shuja was received by an envoy of king Sanda Sudamma and escorted to quarters provided for him. However, after Shuja arrived in Arakan, Sudama reportedly reneged on this promise and confiscated some of Shuja's treasure. In retaliation, Zainul Abidin and another brother led a Mughal attack on Sudama and almost succeeded in setting fire to the royal palace. Two or three of Shuja's sons died in subsequent fighting and/or the Mughals' flight into the jungle. Many other Mughals were massacred. Shuja's daughter Gulrukh reportedly committed suicide after being captured and raped by Sudama. The surviving members of Shaju's party, helped reportedly by Mughals and Pathans resident at Arakan, travelled north with Portuguese mariners, at a high cost in gold and jewels.

The Hindu kings of Tripura and Manipur were more agreeable hosts – probably because they did not like the expansionist policy of Aurangzeb – and played a crucial role in concealing Shuja's whereabouts. Shah Shuja and his party arrived at Tripura on 16 May, and in Manipur in December. Aware that Aurangzeb’s scouts and spies were searching for the former Shah, the Tripura officials spread misinformation that Shuja had died at Arakan, or was travelling to Mecca, among other stories. Among other precautionary measures, Shuja was sent by elephant to the hill country of Ukhrul. Mir Jumla II learned of the situation and sent three men to Manipur in late December, to detain and retrieve Shuja's family. However, the Qazi of Manipur, Muhammad Sani, detained the chief emissary of the Mughals, Nur Beg to ensure that the others, Dur Beg and Rustam Beg, did not provide information regarding Shuja’s presence in Manipur. At that time, Shuja was in hiding at a cave known later as Shuja-lok ("Shuja Cave"), Haignang, Kairang (east of Imphal). According to some accounts he later died at the cave.

The Manipuri Muslims are the descendants of the soldiers from Sylhet and the local Meitei women. The Meitei Kings of Manipur gave their surnames based on their professions. For example, Fundreimayum was the surname given to those who worked on lathe. Likewise, Chesam was given as surname to those who worked in paper industry.

Population
Their present population is 239,886, making up 8.40% of the state of Manipur population as per 2011 census. Pangal mostly settled in the periphery of Manipur near River bank, near lake and foothills. The Pangals are mainly concentrated in and around Imphal, the capital of Manipur and Thoubal. There is large number of pangals live in Cachar in Assam, Hojai in Assam, Komolpur in Tripura and Bangladesh. It is believed that the ancestors of the Meitei Pangals settled in this region are migrated from Manipur during the seven years devastation also known as Chahi-Taret Khuntakpa, the black period in the history of Manipur when Burmese invasions of Assam and their conquest of Manipur around 1815 AD.

Culture
Meitei Pangals have many family names. They are an indigenous and peace-loving community. Traditional dress for men is Lungis and pajamas, and for women is Kurtis, Shalwar and phanek. Both also wear western attire. They maintained their own identity though they assimilated and intermixed with the other local communities.

Stratification
Meitei Pangals are divided into many clans or family titles.

 * The Ayekpam descend from an artist. Ayekpam translates to "the one who paints".
 * The Baseimayum descend from a kingdom in Sylhet known as Basa (or Pasha). However, R.B. Pemberton suggests this kingdom was in Cachar.
 * The Makak trace their heritage as the founders of the 12th-century Barmaqam Powa Makkah, renovated by the 15th-century Sultan of Bengal Alauddin Husain Shah. They are divided into three clans:
 * 1) The Makakyum Ariba clan are descended from a member of the Banu Makhzum tribe in Makkah.
 * 2) The Makak Amuba clan are descended from Lukhiyarful, who is a descendant of Nurullah Herati, the Subahdar of Kamrup/Shujabad in 1677 - who comes from Herat, Afghanistan.
 * 3) The Makak Angouba clan are descended from Sunarful, who is a descendant of Lutfullah Shirazi - a Mughal officer.
 * The Malsam are descended from an early seventeenth-century man called Malsa who migrated to Manipur from the Brahmaputra Valley.
 * The Mansam are descended from a seventeenth-century man who migrated to Manipur from the Surma Valley.

Discrimination
Despite the Pangals having a long history in the area, sharing many cultural traits with their non-Muslim neighbors, and generally living in peace as a minority; they have recently faced episodes of discrimination, marginalization, and Islamophobia from the Manipur government, some politicians and other Manipuris. Stereotypes of Pangals include that they are anti-social and prone to certain crimes like thievery or drug trading.

The 1993 Pangal massacre saw the death of around 130 Pangals and the burning of their homes. Mobs killed and assaulted Pangal men and women and destroyed Pangal-owned commercial establishments. The police were criticized for doing little to curtail the violence or stop the misinformation. The rise of the BJP in Manipur since 2016 has led to a rise of attacks against Pangals. Yumnam Devjit, the son of Yumnam Joykumar Singh, wrote in a facebook post that the Qurbani ritual done during Eid al- Adha "was nothing but training for Muslims to kill."

In September 2018, a Pangal entrepreneur named Mohamed Farooq Khan was lynched by a mob and the video of his lynching was soon spread throughout social media. He was lynched for allegedly stealing a scooter but there has been alternative reports that Khan was wrongfully framed for the theft. This incident had led to local Pangals fearing for their safety.

Political marginalization
According to a report from journalist Chingiz Khan of The Pioneer, Meitei Pangals have little political representation in the Manipur government and institutions with very few of them holding political office. The Manipur government initially refused to include a Muslim representative during the drafting of the Protection of Manipur People proposed by the State Government on 23 May 2018. The bill was meant to prevent Rohingyas (and certain other migrants) from settling in Manipur. A narrative that was spread during the creation of the bill was that Pangals gave asylum to the Rohingyas and placed blame on them for the perceived offense.

The Pangals generally receive a disproportionately low amount of aid from the government compared to the Meiteis and other native groups in the area. The implementation of the KGBV program was established among the Naga and Kukis but not in areas with sizable Pangal populations. Equal access to higher education, healthcare, and employment is considered an obstacle.

According to a piece in Firstpost, Pangals have experienced the loss of some of their land in a more frequent rate after the 1993 Pangal massacre. There was an 2018 incident in where the Manipuri government forced 400 Pangals to leave their residences, alleging that the locals lived in forest reserves and paddy rice areas. The government deployed the police and utilized environmental laws to execute the evictions. The Pangals have not yet been given compensation for these evictions. Advocates have claimed that comparable areas inhabited by Meiteis face much less scrutiny and evictions. Chingiz Khan, writing for Manipur Daily, stated that these actions by the state has encouraged other native groups in the area to threaten Pangals and their businesses to vacate the place.

Notable people

 * Amjad Ali, MLA Yairipok Kendra in the 1950s
 * Ashraf Ali, MLA/Minister of Andro in 1974
 * Chaoba Pangal, Politician,MLA,1970s, Wankhem Constituency
 * Mohammed Alimuddin, former Chief Minister of Manipur
 * Sheikh Noorul Hassan, MLA of Kshetrigao
 * Nurul Huda, Marxist from Cachar
 * Muhammed Alauddin Khan, former Manipur minister
 * Yaima Haji, MLA, Keirao Constituency,1970s
 * Abdul LatiF, two-time MLA of Mayang Imphal
 * Kutub Ahmed Mazumder, Congress politician based in Assam
 * Muhammad Abdul Nasir, MLA of Lilong
 * Muhammad Fajur Rahim, former MLA of Wabgai
 * Habibur Rahaman, former MLA of Wabgai
 * Haji Abdul Salam, 3-time MLA of Wabgai
 * Amin Shah, former MLA of Kshetrigao

title: Meitei Pangals


text:
Green wave

A green wave occurs when a series of traffic lights (usually three or more) are coordinated to allow continuous traffic flow over several intersections in one main direction.

Any vehicle traveling along with the green wave (at an approximate speed decided upon by the traffic engineers) will see a progressive cascade of green lights, and not have to stop at intersections. This allows higher traffic loads, and reduces noise and energy use (because less acceleration and braking is needed). In practical use, only a group of cars (known as a "platoon", the size of which is defined by the signal times) can use the green wave before the time band is interrupted to give way to other traffic flows.

The coordination of the signals is sometimes done dynamically, according to sensor data of currently existing traffic flows - otherwise it is done statically, by the use of timers. Under certain circumstances, green waves can be interwoven with each other, but this increases their complexity and reduces usability, so in conventional set-ups only the roads and directions with the heaviest loads get this preferential treatment.

In 2011, a study modeled the implementation of green waves during the night in a busy Manchester suburb (Chorlton-cum-Hardy) using S-Paramics microsimulation and the AIRE emissions module. The results showed using green wave signal setups on a network have the potential to:

 * Reduce, , and PM10 emissions from traffic.
 * Reduce fuel consumption of vehicles.
 * Be used on roads that intersect with other green waves.
 * Reduce the time cars wait at side roads.
 * Give pedestrians more time to cross at crossings and help them to cross streets as vehicles travel in platoons
 * Control the speed of traffic in urban areas.
 * Reduce component wear of vehicles and indirect energy consumption through their manufacture

A green wave in both directions may be possible with different speed recommendations for each direction, otherwise traffic coming from one direction may reach the traffic light faster than from the other direction if the distance from the previous traffic light is not mathematically a multiple of the opposite direction. Alternatively a dual carriageway may be suitable for green waves in both directions if there is sufficient space in the central reservation to allow pedestrians to wait and separate pedestrian crossing stages for each side of the road.

Green waves are sometimes used to facilitate bicycle traffic. Copenhagen, Amsterdam, San Francisco, and other cities may synchronize traffic signals to provide a green light for a flow of cyclists. On San Francisco's Valencia Street, the signals were retimed in early 2009 to provide a green wave in both directions, possibly the first street in the world with a two-way green wave for cyclists. In Copenhagen, a green wave on the arterial street Nørrebrogade facilitates 30,000 cyclists to maintain a speed of 20 km/h for 2.5 km. In Amsterdam, cyclists riding at a speed of 15 to 18 km/h will be able to travel without being stopped by a red signal. Tests show that public transport can benefit as well and cars may travel slightly slower.

In Vienna, Austria a stretch of cycle path on Lassallestraße in the 2nd district has a display that tells cyclists their speed and the speed they must maintain to make the next green light.

Frederiksberg, a part of Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, has implemented a green wave for emergency vehicles to improve the public services.

In the UK, in 2009, it was revealed that the Department for Transport had previously discouraged green waves as they reduced fuel usage, and thus less revenue was raised from fuel taxes. Despite this government Webtag documents were only updated in 2011. It is still unclear if the economic appraisal software used to apply these guidelines has also been updated and if the new guidelines are being applied to new projects.

In a more limited sense, the term Green wave has also been applied to railroad travel. For several years starting in the 1960s, the German Federal Railway maintained an advertising campaign featuring the slogan garantiert grüne Welle, which communicated the notion of speed, limited delays and open track blocks to potential customers choosing between train and automobile travel, and was featured prominently in promotional materials ranging from posters to radio jingles.

title: Green wave


text:
User talk:Daveg696969

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It is felt that the article you created at Maury postal is not suitable for a Wikipedia article, which must have a notable subject and be verifiable. I have moved it to User:, which is where users are free to write about themselves. You are at liberty to move it back into the (Main) namespace but bear in mind that if you do so, it is likely to be nominated for deletion.

Note, however, that the purpose of a user page is to enable active editors of Wikipedia to introduce themselves to other editors. Wikipedia is not a general hosting service, so your user page is not a personal homepage. Content unrelated to Wikipedia or its editing is likely to be removed.

Please see the user page guidelines, especially this section for more information. -- RHaworth 02:48, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Related to this, please do not overwrite existing encyclopedic images (such as Image:Maury.jpg) with personal trivia. This is considered vandalism. -- Jmabel | Talk 02:26, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

MfD Nomination
I've nominated your user for deletion under the Miscellany for deletion process, since you have made few or no edits outside of your user page since you created it. User pages are intended for the use of active Wikipedia editors to aid them in their work. Your page seems intended to use Wikipedia as not a free webhost or promotional service, which Wikipedia is not.

We appreciate editor contributions, but in this particular case I do not feel that your user page belongs here. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:Hystaeminblumen. Don't forget to add four tildes ( ~ ) at the end of each of your comments to sign them. You are free to edit the content of the page during the discussion, but please do not remove the "Miscellany for Deletion" template (the box at the top). Doing so will not end the discussion. --Calton | Talk 02:27, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Daveg696969


text:
Soryeong

Soryong (소령/少領) is a South Korean rank which is equivalent to a major and to a lieutenant commander. The South Korean insignia consists of a single star burst collar insignia.

The North Korean rank equivalent is known as sojwa with an insignia consisting of a shoulder board similar to the old Soviet rank of major.

title: Soryeong


text:
Category talk:Star Wars television series

Live-action category
I think we should create a sub-category for live-action, since Lucas has said other live-action series are a possibility. The Wookieepedian 02:49, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

RfC/poll – Darth Vader/Anakin Skywalker: one article or two?
What do you think? E Pluribus Anthony 19:35, 7 December 2005 (UTC)


text:
Scruttons Ltd v Midland Silicones Ltd

is a leading House of Lords case on privity of contract. It was a test case in which it was sought to establish a basis upon which stevedores could claim the protection of exceptions and limitations contained in a bill of lading contract to which they were not party. The Court outlined an exception to the privity rule, known as the Lord Reid test, through agency as it applies to sub-contractors and employees seeking protection in their employers' contract.

Facts
Scruttons Ltd was shipping a load of crates through a carrier. In the contract between the two parties there was a limitation of liability clause for $500 (£179) per box. The goods were damaged in transit due to the negligence of the stevedores. The stevedores were under contract with the shipping company which contained an exclusion clause. Midland were unaware of the relationship between the carriers and the stevedores.

Judgment
At first blush, it was clear to the Court that the stevedores could not be exempted by the exemption clause as there was no privity of contract. The Court looked at whether there was a bailment relationship but found none. The case turned on the application of the Elder, Dempster case which suggested that privity could be circumvented. Lord Reid proposed that the stevedores could be covered under the contractual clause through agency if certain pre-conditions were satisfied.

I can see a possibility of success of the agency argument if (first) the bill of lading makes it clear that the stevedore is intended to be protected by the provisions in it which limit liability, (secondly) the bill of lading makes it clear that the carrier, in addition to contracting for these provisions on his own behalf, is also contracting as agent for the stevedore that these provisions should apply to the stevedore, (thirdly) the carrier has authority from the stevedore to do that, or perhaps later ratification by the stevedore would suffice, and (fourthly) that any difficulties about consideration moving from the stevedore were overcome. And then to affect the consignee it would be necessary to show that the provisions of the Bills of Lading Act 1855 apply.

All of Lord Reid's preconditions were satisfied in the subsequent case of New Zealand Shipping v Satterthwaite (The Eurymedon) [1975] AC 154.

The Scruttons case followed an earlier case with similar reasoning, Adler v Dickson (The Himalaya).

Significance
With the Scruttons case, the issue of third party rights in a contract was made certain. There had been much speculation on the meaning of Elder, Dempster but it became clear that there was no new rule from that case. This case, among others, resulted in the change of practice in shipping contracts by adding Himalaya clauses to protect third parties.

title: Scruttons Ltd v Midland Silicones Ltd


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Copyfair

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:19, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Copyfair
This article appears to be some sort of essay which consitutes it as original research. Solarusdude 02:49, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Interesting, but not encyclopedic. Pburka 02:53, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as OR and POV essay. MCB 04:27, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete POV essay, not for WP. -feydey 09:48, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-encyclopedic. utcursch | talk 11:36, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per MCB. --Jacquelyn Marie 15:40, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Easter Seals (Canada)

In Canada, Easter Seals is a group of charitable organizations which supports the development and advancement of people who are living with different types of disabilities. Founded in 1922 by a group of Rotary Clubs, it sought to emulate the success of the American Easter Seals program.

Today, Easter Seals is set up as a federated structure led by Easter Seals Canada which represents the organization's national interests, and provincially-licensed member organizations in each of the ten provinces that directly provide a range of programs, and services locally. Across Canada, Easter Seals supports over 40,000 children, youth, adults and their families each year.

The best-known and largest of Easter Seals services are the summer camp programs. There are 12 Easter Seals accessible camp facilities across Canada that are geared towards providing camp opportunities to over 4600 children with physical or mental disabilities, including cerebral palsy, autism, muscular dystrophy, and spina bifida. Set-up and activities offered at the camps differ from location to location but in general, the camps provide participants with opportunities to participate in a range of activities such as: sledge hockey, adaptive archery, basketball, rock climbing, accessible High Ropes, canoeing and rafting, swimming, arts and crafts, music and drama, campfires, camping in a tent, and more. The camps welcome children, youth and adults, and families, and are provided at a heavily subsidized rate or at no cost to the families.

In addition to the summer camps, Easter Seals also provides a range of other programs and services. These differ from province to province but include financial assistance for mobility equipment, assistive devices and technologies such as adaptive computers and communication aids, and wheelchair-accessibility modifications to vehicles and homes; academic bursaries and scholarships; year-round adaptive sports and recreational programs; employment preparation and job training services; respite services and accommodations in urban centers for families travelling for medical treatment; and social enterprise services.

The Easter Seals Drop Zone, a multi-city event, is one of the organization's key fundraisers.

Access 2 Card Program
The Access 2 Card Program is an initiative developed by Easter Seals in partnership with Cineplex Entertainment, and administered by Easter Seals. For a fee, persons who are living with permanent disabilities can obtain an Access 2 Card which then provides the cardholder with either a free or a discounted ticket for a support person that is accompanying them while the cardholder pays the regular admission price to the facility. The card is valid at Cineplex movie theatres across Canada and over 500 other entertainment, cultural and recreational venues such as museums, art galleries, zoos, historical sites, and aquariums. There were more than 200,000 users of the card in 2013.

Disability Travel Card
The Disability Travel Card is a program of Easter Seals which operates in partnership with Via Rail and Coach Canada intended for people with disabilities who require assistance from support personnel while traveling. The card enables the cardholder – the person with permanent disability – to obtain a reduced ticket fare for the support person accompanying them at the time of travel, while the cardholder pays the regular ticket price.

Red Shirt Day of Action for Accessibility and Inclusion
Red Shirt Day is an initiative of Easter Seals Canada which was first observed in 2019 as part of the Government of Canada's National AccessAbility Week celebrations. The event echoes similar events like Pink Shirt Day (anti-bullying) and Orange Shirt Day (solidarity with Indigenous Peoples in Canada) in that it seeks to honour and value the contributions of Canadians of all abilities, particularly those who are living with disabilities, raise awareness among Canadians of all ages about challenges and barriers that continue to impact the lives of people who are living with disabilities and their families, and promote actions to create an accessible and inclusive society in Canada.

Awards
In 2014, Easter Seals Canada was awarded The Tourism Industry Associate of Ontario’s (TIAO) Award of Excellence for Accessible Tourism for its Access 2 Card and Disability Travel Card programs. Easter Seals is the first recipient of this award, which recognises efforts made to make tourism destinations available to all Canadians, regardless of abilities.

title: Easter Seals (Canada)


text:
Talk:Seversky P-35

Check your spelling of Kartvelli. --squadfifteen 3/10/05

AT-12 Guardsman
I pulled out the bit below, it belongs in the AT-12 article. - Emt147 Burninate!  06:46, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

Incidentally, Seversky also built a refinement of the original two-seat fighter concept embodied by the SEV-2XP, resulting in a fighter-bomber designated the 2PA Guardsman, which was available with retractable landing gear or floats. The USSR bought one with each landing gear option, plus a manufacturing license, but never put the type into production.

The Japanese Imperial Navy actually bought 20 2PAs, apparently through a subterfuge to conceal the ultimate customer, but found them disappointing. Two of them were passed on the Asahi Shimbun newspaper as hacks. Sweden ordered 52 2PAs as dive-bombers, but only two were delivered before the US embargoed exports of fighters to Sweden in October 1940, and the other 50 ended up in USAAC hands as the AT-12 Guardsman.

 * Never mind, I got it sorted out. The text is back in the article. - Emt147 Burninate!  07:41, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

Rewrite
I've rewritten the entire article and made it conform to the WikiProject Aircraft manual of style: WikiProject_Aircraft/page_content - Emt147 Burninate!  08:08, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

More international
This same plane was also built under licence by the italians (Reggiane 2000 Falco with Piaggo engine) and the hungarians (WM Héja with the Gnome Rhone K14 engine). 195.70.32.136 12:03, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Nope, the Reggiane Re.2000 is not a licence built version of P-35! It's a completely new design. Sure they look alike, but that's due to other reasons. There are several other cases of look-a-likes with no relations in aviation history, Convair 240 and Martin 202 beeing one other. --Towpilot 23:45, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

This is a persistent myth; Brian Sullivan ("Downfall of the Regia Aeronautica", in Higham & Harris' Why Air Forces Fail, p.140-1) repeats it, claiming Seversky illegally sold the design. Trekphiler (talk) 08:47, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

P-35 vs P-35A
There are some understandable confusions about wich version of the airplane that is on dispaly in Dayton today. The museum use to have an ex Swedish Air Force J 9 on dispaly, painted as a P-35A. P-35A is as we know the US designation of the Swedish version only. It has a slightly longer fuselage and a bigger engine than the P-35. The difference in engine size is easy to see. After some years on display a real P-35 with the small engine was found and put on display, but painted as a P-35A! The Swedish J 9/P-35A was traded with Kermit Weeks for a Grumman Duck. The paintjob chosen was probably because only P-35A saw combat, and not the P-35. The old website of the museum had a caption with the picture of the P-35 calling it a P-35A probably because it was painted as a P-35A! But it's easy to understand if someone also remembered the fact that they use to have a P-35A, and therefore calling the new airplane a P-35A since it's painted as one!

Therefore, an old picture from the museum can be the old P-35A no longer there. The airplane presently on display IS a P-35, not a P-35A! --Towpilot 02:36, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

BTW- we are both right- Check the photograph, it is a P-35 (USAAC Serial no. 36-0404) marked as the P-35A flown by the 17th Pursuit Squadron commander, 1 Lt. Buzz Wagner, in the Philippines in the spring of 1941. Bzuk 3:08 6 January 2007 (UTC).

Cut it out
I deleted this
 * "The P-35's successor, the P-43 Lancer, was based on the P-35 (and its lightweight, higher-speed counterpart, the P-44 Rocket), and was already outdated compared to British and German warplanes currently in service over Europe. Kartveli began to consider its successor using lessons learned from the P-35, P-43, and P-44, eventually emerging as the P-47 Thunderbolt.

as irrelevant to the P-35. Fit it into the P-43 page, if you can. (I tried & failed, most of it's there already, & better.) Trekphiler (talk) 08:50, 1 January 2008 (UTC)
 * A slight, oblique reference to the design continuation was made, probably the only real relevance to the earlier P-35 development. FWIW Bzuk (talk) 17:34, 1 January 2008 (UTC).

Armament
The USAAC P-35 was delivered with two fixed, forward-firing Colt-Browning 0.30" LMGs in the fuselage decking, synchronized to fire through the aircsrew. Some of these aircraft received one fixed, forward-firing Colt-Browning 0.30" M2 LMG and one fixed, forward-firing Colt-Browning 0.50" M2 HMG mounted in the fuselage decking and synchronized to fire through the airscrew. This was in keeping with USAAC practice at the time (the Boeing P-26 series had this same configuration tried on it). Pilot criticism and tests at Wright Field established that the pairing of the 0.50" and 0.30" Colt-Browning machineguns in the fuselage decking was unsatisfactory; the two weapons have very different ballistic characteristics, something of supreme importance in employing a fighter aircraft as an air-superiority weapon (it is less-than-ideal even for ground support aircraft, though the P-39 series retained this armament for a very long time).

The Swedish aircraft were armed with two fixed, forward-firing Colt-Browning 0.30" M2 LMGs in the fuselage decking, synchronized to fire through the aircsrew, and two fixed, forward-firing Colt-Browning 0.50" M2 HMGs mounted in the wings, one to either side. This aircraft was employed by the USAAF in the Philippines during the early Pacific War. As war losses and damage accumulated, many aircraft had their Colt-Browning LMGs replaced by the Colt-Browning HMGs, thus ending their brief active service armed with three or four fixed, forward-firing Colt-Browning HMGs. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.145.145.127 (talk) 19:41, 25 May 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Seversky P-35


text:
Mount Liupan

Mount Liupan is a mountain range in northwestern China, located mostly in southern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. It marks the southwestern boundary of the Ordos Basin.

Its southern section is known as Mount Long, which strides southeast through eastern Gansu and western Shaanxi province before joining into the Qinling Mountains, giving rise to regional names like "Longxi" (陇西, lit. "west of Mount Long"), "Longdong" (陇东, "east of Mount Long", referring to the Jing River valley basin region around eastern Pingliang, southern Qingyang and northern Xianyang) and "Longnan" (陇南, "south of Mount Long"). It is the western boundary of the Guanzhong Plain, and is also the source of the Qian River (千河), a left tributary of the Wei River that flows through the prefectural city of Baoji.

Poem of the same name
A poem of same name was dedicated to this mountain by Mao Zedong in 1935, when the Chinese Red Army arrived into the friendly Shaanbei region at the end of the Long March.

Geography
It is one of the youngest mountain ranges of China. It is relatively narrow with a width between 5 and 12 km, and a length of around 240 km. The highest peak, Migangshan (米缸山), is at 2942 m above sea level. Owing to its orientation perpendicular to humid winds, it is considered a 'green island' within the Loess Plateau. Most of the mountain's area is covered by forests.

title: Mount Liupan


text:
Kudowa-Zdrój

Kudowa-Zdrój (Bad Kudowa, ), or simply Kudowa, is a town located below the Table Mountains in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in the southwestern part of Poland. It has a population of around 10,000 and is located at the Polish-Czech border, just across from the Czech town of Náchod, some 40 km west of Polish Kłodzko and 140 km from Prague.

Kudowa-Zdrój is one of the oldest European spa towns where heart and circulatory system diseases were cured. The downtown area features a park styled on 17th century revival, with exotic plants and a mineral water pump room. Due to its location, the town is famous for tourism, hiking and as the departure point for trips.

The town has several historical and heritage sites such as the Chapel of Skulls within the Czermna district of Kudowa, an ossuary containing the bones or skeletal remains of thousands. It is one of a few of its kind in Europe. Another site is the Basilica of Wambierzyce, nicknamed "Silesian Jerusalem", and one of the most popular Catholic pilgrimage destinations in Poland.

History
Kudowa-Zdrój is one of the oldest spa resorts in Poland and Europe. It is first mentioned in a document by Henry the Elder (1448–1498), son of the Hussite Czech king George of Podebrady. The original name of the village was Lipolitov but in the mid-16th century it was changed to Chudoba, later on Kudoba (Cudoba in the 19th century), Bad Kudowa and into Kudowa-Zdrój in 1945.

The oldest part of Kudowa is Czermna, dating back to the 16th century. The first record of a mineral waters in the area comes from 1580 from the chronicles of Louis of Náchod, under the name Cermenske Lazne. In 1625 (or, as some sources say, as early as 1621), G. Aelurius, a Protestant Lutheran monk, wrote in his work "Glaciografia" about the great taste of the mineral waters from Kudowa.

In 1847, Kudowa was visited by 300 patients. In 1850, Adolf Duflos made a chemical analysis of the local waters and claimed they have healing traits. Local doctor J. Jacob helped to establish the notion that Kudowa is a spa that helps heart related diseases, which had a significant impact on the number of people visiting the town. In 1900, the number of people who visited was 4,150.

Owing to the development of business and industry, a railway line to Kłodzko (then under the name Glatz) and a local power plant grew in importance.

In 1891, German-American editor Hermann Raster visited Kudowa-Zdrój due to failing health. He died there in July of that same year.

In 1920, the Gebrüder Martin und Paul Polka O.H.G. company bought the largest spa resort of the town. Famous visitors included Winston Churchill and Helmut von Moltke. From 1911 to 1931, Raphael Friedeberg worked as a physician in the Spa.

Kudowa was part of Bohemia until 1742 when, together with the rest of the county of Kladsko, it passed to Prussia. From 1818 until 1945, it was known as Bad Kudowa, and was part of the Prussian province of Lower Silesia. Between 1871 and 1945 it was part of Germany. In the interbellum, the German administration renamed most district names to erase traces of Slavic origin, only the district of Zakrze (then under the Germanized name Sackisch) retained its name, despite also being of Slavic origin.

During World War II, the Germans established and operated a subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp for Jewish women in the Zakrze district, as well as other forced labour camps, among the prisoners of which were also Italian prisoners of war.

The story of Italian soldier is known. Despite risk Baldan was able to help Jewish women by giving them food, which he in turn received from Poles and Czechs, and he also escaped the camp and hid from Germans with the help of the Czechs.

After Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, most German inhabitants were expelled and Kudowa was repopulated with Polish settlers, most of whom were themselves expelled from former Eastern Poland, annexed by the Soviet Union. After becoming part of Poland it received municipal rights for the first time in its history.

As the area was a part of the Czech Corner of Kłodzko Land, a population of ethnic Czechs lived in Kudowa-Zdrój (then Bad Kudowa) before 1945. Small groups of Germans and Czechs continued to live in Kudowa until 1960. A German-speaking school was used from 1951 to 1960, and a Czech-speaking school was used from 1947 to 1955 by these small groups. Refugees of the Greek Civil War also settled in the town, as they found employment in the Zakrze textile factory.

Since 1962, Kudowa-Zdrój hosts the annual International Moniuszko Festival, dedicated to the "father of Polish national opera" Stanisław Moniuszko.

Subdivisions
(with German names)
 * Brzozowie (Brzesowie, 1924–45: Birkhagen)
 * Bukowina Kłodzka (Bukowine, 1937–45: Tannhübel)
 * Czermna (Tscherbeney, 1937–45: Grenzeck)
 * Jakubowice (Jakobowitz, 1937–45: Wachtgrund)
 * Pstrążna (Straußeney, 1937–45: Straußdörfel)
 * Słone (Schlaney, 1937–45: Schnellau)
 * Zakrze (Sackisch)

Sports
The local football club is Włókniarz Kudowa-Zdrój. It competes in the lower leagues.

Twin towns – sister cities
Kudowa-Zdrój is twinned with:
 * 🇩🇪 Horn-Bad Meinberg, Germany
 * 🇨🇿 Hronov, Czech Republic
 * 🇨🇿 Náchod, Czech Republic
 * 🇵🇱 Tuchola, Poland

title: Kudowa-Zdrój


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KOOL-FM

KOOL-FM (94.5 MHz) is a commercial classic hits radio station in Phoenix, Arizona. The station is owned by Audacy, Inc. The station is branded as Big 94.5 and features mostly hits of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, and is one of the top-performing stations in Phoenix. The station primarily competes with Riviera-owned 95.1 KOAI, which concentrates on the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s hits. KOOL-FM's studios are located in downtown Phoenix, and its transmitter is in South Mountain Park.

History
KOOL-FM began programming oldies music in 1971, the first radio station ever to carry the format, as a format brought to the station by Jerry Osborne, who used the air name Dan Coffey. Since the station did not have an oldies library, Osborne supplied all of the music from his own collection. The Dan Coffey Show, which aired on Saturday and Sunday nights, from 6:00 to midnight, immediately became the most popular program on KOOL-FM — so much so that they hired a woman (Pam MacKenzie) whose only job it was to answer the flood of calls and music requests for the Dan Coffey Show. At the time, no other station in the Phoenix market had an oldies format, and Osborne was given the freedom by KOOL-FM (then owned by Gene Autry) to play anything he wanted.

Now the door to success was opened and by the end of 1971, the entire station followed. They switched to an all-oldies format. In 1975, Osborne left radio to start his own publishing company. Before he left, he recorded thousands of oldies for the KOOL-FM music library.

By about 1986, KOOL was playing a small amount of 1980s music as well. Still, they focused on the music of the late 1960s. More often, KOOL's schedule then was unique, despite the station airing mostly oldies, but KOOL aired Rick Dees Weekly Top 40 for a short time during early and the middle of 1984. The show was dropped that August due to low ratings according to The Arizona Republic. The station was co-owned with KOOL/960. In December 1985, Adams Radio Group bought both KOOL-AM/FM from Tom Chauncey and Partners. As Adams radio took ownership, KOOL-AM under the tutelage of GM Jim Seemiller changed format to a 1950s/1960s early rock and roll oldies format on January 7, 1987. The music had a concentration of the early hits but also injected a large dose of doo-wop. This new format caught on and not only became a ratings success but also syndicated itself 24 hours a day, the first radio station to do so. The stations were both owned by Adams Communications, and KOOL format was installed at many of other Adams radio stations.

KOOL with its marketing savvy became the leader of oldies in the US. KOOL had its own Radio store, a physical shop located in Phoenix with radio paraphernalia, records, music, and other oldies items and had a tremendous retail operation. At the same time, KOOL opened its own version of a real bar, KOOL CAFE. With the Cafe KOOL did music and live promotions every day of the week. The Cafe became one of Phoenix's hot spots for years. These marketing tactics paid off with the winning of the Marconi award in 1991/92.

In late 1995, KOOL-FM began simulcasting on KOOL-AM, which stopped playing "older-leaning oldies".

In 1996, Chancellor acquired KOOL-AM-FM. At that time they acquired several other stations in the market, bringing them over their ownership limit of 8. They opted to sell KOOL-AM-FM to Salem Media in 1997 and the AM, renamed KPXQ, became a Christian Talk station. In 2002, KPXQ became NewsTalk 960 KKNT focusing on conservative talk radio.

KOOL-FM went to Infinity Broadcasting, later to become CBS Radio. The music continued to be about the same until about 1999. At that point more late 1970s songs were added while the pre-1964 oldies were cut back slightly. In 2001, some early 1980s music was added and the pre-1964 oldies were cut to about two per hour. By 2003, as was the case as the oldies format continued to evolve, the pre-1964 oldies were eliminated almost completely with a handful of exceptions. More 1980s titles were also added at that point. Today the station, like most oldies outlets, has more of a classic hits format than a true oldies format.

In February 2008, CBS Radio made major layoffs that sent many longtime personalities packing, including Bill Gardner, John Michaels, Camelback Jack (who will later return), Dave Shannon (who with Gardner were the oldest workers in the building and had just received a bonus check for great ratings), and several part-time personalities that had been with the station over the years, including Liz Boyle, Dennis Mitchell and Tony McGraw, a.k.a. "Skippy".

With the public release of Arbitron PPM data in July 2009, KOOL-FM continued to be one of the most listened-to stations in Phoenix with an airstaff anchored by 30-year market veterans Tom Peake and Steve Goddard along with the return of Camelback Jack at night and radio veteran Jeffrey T. Mason in middays.

On February 2, 2017, CBS Radio announced it would merge with Entercom. The merger was approved on November 9, 2017, and was consummated on the 17th.

On November 2, 2018, KOOL-FM switched to an all-Christmas format for the one and only time it ever would, switching back to their regular format on December 26, 2018.

On September 28, 2022, at 10 a.m., after playing "I Want To Know What Love Is" by Foreigner, KOOL-FM began stunting with a loop of jingling sleigh bells and a voice like that of Santa Claus announcing "something special" was coming soon. At noon, the station relaunched as "Big 94.5", dropping the longtime branding by its call letters after 62 years, in a move mirroring a similar flip at cross-country sister station WOGL in Philadelphia done several months prior. The first song on "Big" was "Big Time" by Peter Gabriel.

HD radio
KOOL's HD Radio signal is multiplexed. The main signal is a simulcast of KOOL's classic hits programming. The HD2 formerly carried ROQ of the '80s, a new wave/classic alternative format originating from KROQ-FM HD2 in Los Angeles. The HD3 formerly aired All 70s, a.k.a. Your '70's Playlist. The HD2 subchannel now Carries a simulcast of KWSS-LP, which airs a community radio format.

title: KOOL-FM


text:
Talk:Amperstamp

I believe the correct term originally intended is "Ampersand." I will be making this page into a redirect to the correct term presently. (The Swami 02:55, 4 October 2005 (UTC))

title: Talk:Amperstamp


text: User talk:82.37.125.50

title: User talk:82.37.125.50


text:
Marchamont Nedham

Marchamont Nedham, also Marchmont and Needham (1620 – November 1678), was a journalist, publisher and pamphleteer during the English Civil War who wrote official news and propaganda for both sides of the conflict.

A "highly productive propagandist", he was significant in the evolution of early English journalism, and has been strikingly (if hyperbolically) called the "press agent" of Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell.

Early life
Nedham was raised by his mother, the innkeeper of The George Inn, Burford, Oxfordshire, after his father's death. His stepfather was the vicar of Burford and teacher at the local school. He was educated at All Souls College of Oxford University. After college he became an usher at the Merchant Taylors' School, and then a clerk at Gray's Inn. He also studied medicine and pharmacology.

Mercurius Britanicus
Nedham came to prominence in 1643 when he began working on Mercurius Britanicus, a weekly newsbook espousing the parliamentary politics of the era, mainly written as a response to the royalist Mercurius Aulicus of John Birkenhead. The Britanicus was originally edited by Captain Thomas Audley, but it has been suggested that Nedham was responsible for the content much earlier, as the style changed little when he took over in May 1644. Britanicus was more overtly polemical and savage than the satirical Aulicus; often refuting the royalist title point for point. Nedham also personalised the debate, declaring that Aulicus was "So full of lying and railing, that I think he is afflicted by all the pimp." The publication of Charles I's personal letters which were captured after the Battle of Naseby was a significant propaganda coup for the parliamentary forces. However, when Nedham began to launch attacks on the personality of the king and mock his stammer he drew censure from the House of Lords from members who felt he had gone too far. When Nedham again attacked the king during delicate negotiations with the Scots in May 1646, he was sent to the Fleet prison for two weeks for seditious libel. Upon his release he was banned from publishing but probably authored some of the many anonymous pamphlets around at the time.

Mercurius Pragmaticus
Reportedly Nedham obtained an audience with King Charles I, and gained a royal pardon. Despite his history of writing parliamentary propaganda, he was commissioned to print a Royalist periodical, Mercurius Pragmaticus, starting in September 1647 and continuing for two years. It has been claimed as "one of the wittier and less ephemeral" of the "Cavalier weeklies". Pragmaticus opened each issue with a satirical poem directed at various parliamentary figures and is notable for the quality of its sources. Nedham certainly didn't tone down any of the scandalous nature of his personal attacks, referring to Cromwell at various points as "Copper- Nose," "Nose Almighty," and "The Town-bull of Ely." Although he was responsible for the majority of issues, this particular newsbook was notable for the number of counterfeits that it inspired, with as many as 17 different versions available at various times. While some would have been created to trade off the name of the original to make money, there seems to be disagreement as to who owned the "true" Pragmaticus. It seems that some fellow royalists had never really accepted that Nedham had changed sides in good faith, calling him a "turne-coat and inveterate enemy to the late king." In this way they attempted to remove him from the paper.

Mercurius Politicus
The triumph of the Parliamentarians in the Civil War led to Nedham's incarceration in Newgate Prison in June 1649; he gained his release in November by switching sides again. The result was perhaps his most significant enterprise, the weekly periodical Mercurius Politicus, which he used as a platform for the Commonwealth regime (Nedham received a government payment of £50 in May 1650, probably to start this venture). This third Nedham weekly began in June 1650, on a light note: "Why should not the Commonwealth have a Fool as well as the King had?" — but soon settled into a more serious vein as a voice of the republican movement of the day. He rested the case for the Commonwealth on arguments similar to those of Hobbes: that "the Sword is, and ever hath been, the Foundation of all Titles to Government", and that it was hardly likely that the Commonwealth's adversaries would ever succeed in their designs.

Politicus continued for the next decade, the term of the Commonwealth era, under alternative titles like the Public Intelligence or Public Intelligencer. In 1655 Cromwell rewarded Nedham with an official post, so that Nedham was then perceived as a spokesman for the regime, albeit under the editorial aegis of John Thurloe, spymaster of Cromwell.

With the royalist faction suppressed or in exile abroad, Nedham turned away from his previous scurrilous reporting and aimed to educate his readers in political principles of humanism and republicanism. As the early radicalism of the Commonwealth began to wane, the revolutionary ideas expressed in Politicus also softened, with a greater emphasis on the merit of a stable state. This did not mean that he did not on occasion criticise some of the conservative and authoritarian aspects of Cromwell's Protectorate and, like others, called for a return to more republican ideals. The newspaper was widely read in England and Europe amongst exiles and Europeans alike. Another significant innovation was the inclusion of regular advertising.

Nedham was associated with a set of influential republican writers of his generation, a circle that included Algernon Sidney, Henry Nevile, Thomas Chaloner, Henry Marten – and John Milton. Milton, as a secretary to the Council of State in the early 1650s, would have overseen Nedham's publishing activity; later, the two men reportedly became personal friends.

Nedham was notable as an advocate of the commercial interests of emerging capitalism in preference to the pillars of the older order. In 1652, he wrote that commercial interest "is the true zenith of every state and person...though clothed never so much with the specious disguise of religion, justice and necessity". Consistent with this outlook, Nedham translated John Selden's Mare Clausum (1636) as Of the Dominion or Ownership of the Sea (1652).

Restoration
Nedham predicted and wrote pamphlets agitating against the restoration of the monarchy and when the king returned he went into hiding, possibly in Holland, but was able to return to England after obtaining a pardon (allegedly purchased with a bribe). Nedham helped his case by re-printing some poems, written in Mercurius Pragmaticus, while supporting Charles I during the late 1640s. He retired from political pamphleteering and worked as a doctor, although he did not entirely avoid publishing, producing two pamphlets on education and medicine.

One final foray into the field of political writings came in the mid-1670s when he wrote several pamphlets attacking the Earl of Shaftesbury. The motive for these seems to have been simply money; but he used the occasion to renew his attacks on Presbyterianism, and his final pamphlet before his death in 1678, a call for war against the French, was probably sincere.

Style
Nedham's particular style and philosophy can be summarised by his proposal for Mercurius Politicus in 1650:"the design of this pamphlet being to undeceive the people, it must be written in a jocular way, or else it will never be cried up: for those truths which the multitude regard not in a serious dress, being represented in pleasing popular airs, make music to the common sense, and charm the fancy, which ever sways the sceptre in vulgar judgement, much more than reason."Nedham used mockery, satire and a biting wit to attack his enemies and generate as much controversy as possible. He believed that a popular audience needed to have humour in addition to the more serious business of news. Propaganda would only be effective with a large circulation. He often invokes The Roman Republic as an ideal model for a government without a monarch. Later, he would also use the self-interest theories of Henri, Duke of Rohan and Machiavelli to compare the motivations for each side's actions and predicting the ensuing political climate. He pioneered this kind of analysis of an ongoing event and used it to determine his own stance

Character assessment
Nedham's political reversals were depicted as dishonest; but he seems to have regarded religious toleration, usually advocated by the king's party, as the best way to cure the political problems of the times. Presbyterianism, and the Scots in general, he attacked at almost every opportunity. His writing continued to be influential among the Whigs.

In the 18th century, Nedham's theories of republicanism were severely criticised by American Founding Father John Adams in the third volume of his A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America (1787–88).

In the next century, Nedham's name was used as a pseudonym by other republican political writers; both John Adams and Josiah Quincy Jr. published pieces signed "Marchmont Nedham" in the early 1770s.

Nedham's later reputation was coloured by the apparent cynicism and opportunism of his wavering allegiances, and by hostility towards his republicanism from subsequent generations of English critics. Yet even some hostile critics have conceded his literary talent and his influence. Sympathetic modern commentator Paul Rahe has called Nedham "the world's first great journalist".

Selected works by Nedham

 * The Levellers Levell'd, 1647
 * The Case of the Commonwealth of England Stated, 1650
 * The Excellencie of a Free-State 1656
 * A Short History of the English Rebellion, 1661
 * A Discourse Concerning Schools and Schoolmasters, 1663

title: Marchamont Nedham


text:
File:50dinarsfront (Small).jpg

Summary
50 Dinars from Iraq front of bill

title: File:50dinarsfront (Small).jpg


text: User talk:68.84.54.45

title: User talk:68.84.54.45


text:
User:Impressionist

Ricardo the Texan a.k.a. Ricardo the Impressionist - hey, yeah, that's me.

I'm a Renaissance man and a lousy speller. I paint cityscapes and portraits in oil, write novels (historical and contemporary) and essays (and publish some of them), and am very fond of opera (and know a great deal about it). My interests also include painting, history, architecture, physics, literature, women, politics, and some other things.

I have a website titled The Huffy Cow that references my blog Scandalous Opinions and includes the free (so far) online magazine Easy Thought which I edit (and for which I consider contributions from anyone provided they're well-written and original in concept.

Folks who manage to remain on my good side are well aware of the benefits.

title: User:Impressionist


text:
John Badley (surgeon)

John Badley, F.R.C.S. (23 July 1783 – 16 April 1870) student of John Abernethy at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London. His 1801 lecture notes of Abernethy are in the archives at the University of Birmingham School of Medicine.

Life
Born in Dudley, Worcestershire, England to a surgeon father, William Badley, of Dudley, and Sarah Cox his wife. He studied medicine at Saint Bartholomew's Hospital in London where he was a favorite pupil of John Abernethy a leading surgeon at the turn of the 18th century and himself a student of Hunter. He was elected as a Fellow and is listed in Plarr's Lives of the Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons. Despite Abernethy's desire for him to remain in London, his father's poor health and subsequent death caused him to return to Dudley where in 1810 he married his first cousin Mary Fisher Badley.

He was sought after throughout the Midlands during the first half of the 19th century. The likeness to the right was captured "unawares." "He had ridden over one afternoon, towards the end of his life, to see a patient in the county. As he sat resting on a garden seat, one of the younger generations who had some skill in photography seized the opportunity to get by a ruse the photograph for which he knew the old man would not knowingly consent to sit. As though merely to give him a few moments' interest in a youngster's hobby, he brought out his camera and set it up in front of him just to show him how it worked. 'You see, we have to do this, and this, and this,' he said, and having gained the sitter's attention, exposed the plate without letting him guess it was more than an empty demonstration."

They were the parents of eight children. The eldest two sons emigrated to America and fulfilled his desire to know more about the "American experiment." The seventh child, James Payton Badley, remained in England, assumed his father's practice and became the father of John Haden Badley, the centenarian founder of Bedales School, the first coeducational school in England.

He lived a full life devoted to his patients and family and died in Dudley and was buried in his father's vault at St. Edmund's Church where there is also a memorial in the nave of the church. The monument is by Birmingham sculptor Peter Hollins.

Archives
A case book kept by Badley is held at the Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham. The volume describes medical cases and surgeries that he witnessed during the early 1800s while working under Abernethy's supervision at St. Bartholomew's Hospital.

title: John Badley (surgeon)


text:
Talk:ZCMI

Failure of ZCMI expansion outside of core trade area in 1991
SEC filing that indicates closures of past ZCMI II stores (and dates of closure): http://sec.edgar-online.com/1996/09/13/00/0000109378-96-000010/Section9.asp

Deseret News article discussing retailing struggling as a whole, record of shopping center names for Phoenix area ZCMI II stores (which had not yet closed, but one had become an 'outlet' and the others adjusted their merchandise selection). http://www.desnews.com.ezproxy.westminstercollege.edu/cgi-bin/cqcgi_state/@state.env?CQ_SESSION_KEY=AXNAZOALVEPW&CQ_CUR_DOCUMENT=1&CQ_TEXT_MAIN=YES

Apparently Provo "East Bay" location was also converted to a ZCMI Outlet store, shortly after the Mesa Tri-City Mall location: http://www.desnews.com.ezproxy.westminstercollege.edu/cgi-bin/cqcgi_state/@state.env?CQ_SESSION_KEY=YCMEUMFIUGQB&CQ_CUR_DOCUMENT=1&CQ_TEXT_MAIN=YES

History
Lee Benson, columnist for the Deseret News writes about the botched merger of Meier & Frank with ZCMI after the company closed the store's basement bakery and lunch counter, apparently called "Salt Lake Downstairs" at one point. Talking with employees, it seemed Utah was the forgotten stepchild of the May division based in Portland, Ore. After consolidation with Robinson-May in Hollywood, the stores were actually treated better by the division office. http://www.desnews.com.ezproxy.westminstercollege.edu/cgi-bin/cqcgi_state/@state.env?CQ_SESSION_KEY=AXNAZOALVEPW&CQ_CUR_DOCUMENT=1&CQ_TEXT_MAIN=YES

Links to Deseret News about ZCMI's "unprecedented" expansion in 1991 before ZCMI II started struggling in Nevada and Arizona: http://www.desnews.com.ezproxy.westminstercollege.edu/cgi-bin/cqcgi_state/@state.env?CQ_SESSION_KEY=AXNAZOALVEPW&CQ_CUR_DOCUMENT=3&CQ_TEXT_MAIN=YES

Another link to a slightly earlier article by the D. News clarifying progress on ZCMI expansion - DOES REFERENCE MOVING INTO BOISE, IDAHO. http://www.desnews.com.ezproxy.westminstercollege.edu/cgi-bin/cqcgi_state/@state.env?CQ_SESSION_KEY=AXNAZOALVEPW&CQ_CUR_DOCUMENT=2&CQ_TEXT_MAIN=YES

Another reference to looking at spaces in Boise, Idaho and Twin Falls, Idaho (likely Boise Towne Square Mall and Magic Valley Mall): http://www.desnews.com.ezproxy.westminstercollege.edu/cgi-bin/cqcgi_state/@state.env?CQ_SESSION_KEY=AXNAZOALVEPW&CQ_CUR_DOCUMENT=9&CQ_TEXT_MAIN=YES

The Wikipedia entry for ZCMI needs more information on ZCMI's rich history. Any help would be appreciated. As needed, I can help with more recent history (1980's through present). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.163.86.19 (talk • contribs)

 * Boy, this is the most understated thing I've read here on Wikipedia. While the current details about ZCMI are pretty good, and the list of stores when the chain wwas closed down is pretty accurate, it is hardly an exaustive list of stores that have been in existance.  Virtually every Mormon community had a version of ZCMI at one time or another, and some decidedly non-Mormon communities as well.  The most remarkable being a ZCMI set up in Rapid City, South Dakota.

 * In addition, a huge part of the history of ZCMI is tied directly with the history of Utah, including the petition for Utah statehood and the fight between the "Mormons" and the "Gentiles" during the territorial days of Utah. Part of this history should include how members of the LDS Church would face excommunication if they shopped anywhere except at ZCMI.  I am not kidding here.  Several LDS Church members were removed from the church rolls because of this seemingly irrational justification (based on modern sentiments).  Keep in mind that there was a coordinated economic plan to try and push the non-Mormons out of Mormon influenced areas, and this is really in keeping with other business traditions of 19th Century America as well, including Standard Oil and others that would be illegal with current fair trade laws.

 * Saying that the LDS Church was a significant influences is hardly doing justice here. The LDS Church owned the store lock, stock, and barrel.  And the decision to sell ZCMI to May department stores was mainly a way for the LDS Church to get out of that sort of business.  What is surprising is that is was a subsiderary of the LDS Church for so long, making it into the 21st Century.  The LDS Church has divested itself from other businesses it started back elsewhen like a Sugar Company and a chain of Hospitals, and in that context ZCMI is just one of several aspects of life in Utah.  --Robert Horning 16:30, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:ZCMIlogo1997.gif
Image:ZCMIlogo1997.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 11:38, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

Location list - lets discuss restoring it
There was once a carefully documented description of ZCMI locations in this article.

See http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zions_Cooperative_Mercantile_Institution&oldid=285210855

I don't yet see a consensus for its deletion: the discussions linked from the deletion comment don't suggest a broad consensus of editors, or a convincing argument (to me at least) from the five pillars. In an encyclopedia that lists every railway station, I think a department store employs more people and serves more customers over its lifetime, and many of these locations existed for a century, so they are a significant part of local history and of the pioneers that settled Utah.

I advocate restoring the list.

--Hroðulf (or Hrothulf) (Talk) 10:20, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Please restore the list. Cortina2 (talk) 01:01, 23 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree that these stores were a significant part of local history. I've restored the list of former locations. Gobonobo  T C 02:31, 23 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks for restoring the list, which appears to be accurate. Where did you find it? ThanksCortina2 (talk) 19:38, 23 January 2010 (UTC)
 * All previous versions of Wikipedia pages can be accessed through the history tab. It looks like the former locations section was deleted in an edit here. Gobonobo  T C 20:26, 23 January 2010 (UTC)

Removed again for lack of sourcing. Please do not re-add without citing reliable sources. SchuminWeb (Talk) 23:19, 12 April 2010 (UTC)

 * As I've mentioned before, Utah historian Martha Sontag Bradley's book about ZCMI may be the place to start for sourcing the store locations. I know that the information removed today was pretty accurate, but I don't have the documentation to back it up. However, it should be in press releases about store openings. There may be information in the store's annual reports. The Salt Lake Tribune or Deseret News newspapers might have archived articles with this information. Perhaps this will give you a start. Cortina2 (talk) 00:59, 13 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Schuminweb, do you think the list of stores is wrong? If you dispute the accuracy, then by all means it will stay deleted.  But if you deleted it just because it is not sourced, please lets restore it, for the reasons I mentioned above.  --Hroðulf (or Hrothulf) (Talk) 20:20, 13 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia does not operate based on whether something is true. It operates based on whether something is verifiable.  If we can't verify this through reliable sources, then it goes.  We've had long discussions about these kinds of lists of former store locations, and they're generally unsuitable for inclusion in Wikipedia.  SchuminWeb (Talk) 14:27, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

 * "If we can't verify this through reliable sources, then it goes.". This is not Wikipedia's definition of verifiable.  --Hroðulf (or Hrothulf) (Talk) 20:21, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is also not a directory. What's the encyclopedic gain of having a directory of current or former store locations? tedder (talk) 16:37, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

 * There isn't. That's the bottom line.  I love it when people say it's significant to local history, but then their argument falls flat when you tell them if it's so significant to the local history of the town, then it should be included in the article about the town rather than the article about the company.  SchuminWeb (Talk) 20:40, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

 * After reading tedder and SchuminWeb's last responses, I've got to agree that there is no encyclopedic gain. This kind of information belongs in a publication about retailing history, at best. I will say though, that I think the Salt Lake Downtown flagship store does have historical and encyclopedic value. But no, not the others. Thanks. Cortina2 (talk) 23:56, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

 * How dumb: eliminating something just because JUDICIAL NOTICE is the source of the fact. Even in the courts, judicial notice is allowed on such facts that water flows downhill, air is lighter than water, the Statue of Liberty is in New York City, the Mormon Tabernacle is in Salt Lake City, 2 + 3 = 5, and other FACTS that can be perceived by the eyes and the ears. Not everything requires sources and testimony to verify them. People do not show up in court to quote for mathematics books, and chemical engineers are not called in as witnesses about the gross properties of water. There were ZCMI stores in Salt Lake City, Ogden, and certain other cities; millions of people saw them with their own eyes; and there is no possible dispute to those facts. Only fools delete undisputable historical facts, and facts that many readers — myself included — are interested in finding out about. 98.67.96.230 (talk) 15:51, 23 September 2012 (UTC)

The first Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution co-ops
By 1890, there were 146 co-ops in 126 settlements of the Utah Territory, constituting one of the first voluntary chain store operations in America. In the 1990s, ZCMI executive management began searching for the locations of the original Utah and Idaho co-ops. As of 1995, 17 dating from 1868 had been found. They included the co-op in Wallsburg, UT, which opened in October 1890. ZC's president visited the Wallsburg location and presented an historical marker indicating it was an original Zions co-op. Among the other 16 locations found up to that time, is Santa Clara, UT, where a co-op operated from 1928 to 1945. There was also one in Sugar House, at 1050 to 1100 East 2100 South. The building housing it was torn down in 2008 or 2009.Cortina2 (talk) 01:01, 23 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I wonder if any of these co-ops are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Gobonobo  T C 02:36, 23 January 2010 (UTC)

 * There's a good possibility the Salt Lake downtown flagship store was on the list. I think it had a plaque from Utah's list. Downtown Salt Lake is under major renovation at the moment. As part of it, the ZCMI Center Mall, which was basically built around the store in the 1970s (the store was also remodeled at that time), was torn down in 2008, and the city block about 75% leveled. There's still a big hole in the ground and lots of construction going on. Of course, the store was Macy's at that point, but it still had the ZCMI iron facade. It was removed and plans are to return it to the front of Macy's new store on the same site. If you run a web search on Utah historian Martha Sontag Bradley, you should find her book about the store from its organization on October 15, 1868. The book may have information about the NHR. There is another book, The Grand Emporiums, by Robert Hendrickson, which also has information about ZCMI qualifying as America's first authentic department store, which in turn makes it one of the world's seven oldest department stores. Cortina2 (talk) 19:28, 23 January 2010 (UTC)

The name South Towne Center
For what it's worth, when Sandy, Utah's South Towne Center was being built, the construction firm went to ZCMI executive management to ask for help naming it. They in turn went to ZC's in-house advertising department where the copy department came up with the name, South Towne Center (notice it is three words without the use of "mall"), which was accepted by the construction company. ZCMI was the first anchor store in STC for a considerable time. This was ZC's second-largest store. Its square footage was around 290,000. Cortina2 (talk) 18:33, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

 * "Its square footage was around 290,000," is a silly and unscientific way of putting it. This should be expressed, "Its floor area was around 290,000 square feet." Area is a physical quantity, and it can be measured in square feet.
 * On the other hand, you are probably one of those people who rate electrical devices by their so-called "wattage" instead of their power (measured in watts).
 * The level of scientific education in this country is shockingly low, and it is because most parents and students do not care. 98.67.96.230 (talk) 15:59, 23 September 2012 (UTC)

Requested move 12 March 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved to ZCMI - 's common name argument seems persuasive. — Amakuru (talk) 17:55, 19 April 2016 (UTC)

Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution → Zion's Cooperative Mercantile Institution – The apostrophe is part of the business's name. See this, this, and this. FriendlyGhostUser (talk) 23:51, 12 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Move to ZCMI, which is more common: vs. .--Cúchullain t/ c  19:37, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:ZCMI


text:
Talk:Janet Wright

Potential copyvio
The filmography is clearly cut-and-pasted from the IMDb. I don't know if a list can qualify as a copyvio, but someone should at least reformat it so it isn't so obvious. 24.71.223.140 02:57, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Born in Scotland?
The Wikipedia article currently says she was born in Saskatchewan, but her IMDb bio says she was born in Scotland and grew up in Saskatchewan. --Mathew5000 02:15, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Janet Wright


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User talk:Snecvb

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --*drew 02:58, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Snecvb


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Talk:Ngaraard

Originator
By: Dilrae Mechol, 4th Grade, Koror Elementary School

 * Good job for a 4th grader! I did some cleanup on the grammar & structure, and request that someone expand this article. Thanks. Her Pegship 16:18, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Ngaraardflag.gif
Image:Ngaraardflag.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 16:35, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ngaraard


text:
File:50dinarsback (Small).jpg

Summary
50 Dinars from Iraq, Back of bill

title: File:50dinarsback (Small).jpg