text:
Talk:Continuous integration

Actionable suggestions from talk archives

 * History before Extreme Programming
 * What other methodologies have been influenced by CI?
 * What happens for instance when decentralised source code management is used (like the linux kernel for instance)? Fowler's description does not fit or does it?
 * These are actionable? Stevebroshar (talk) 23:35, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

Global comments
I'm agree with most of the comments, and the presentation is too much linked to Agility practices. CI is independent (even if it's strengthen agility implementation).

My comments on the page are : The points instead of being just a bullet list may be structured : Revision Control : * maintain a code respository * commit frequency * Every commit should be built BUILD * Manage : dependencies / compilation / packaging * May include : tests (not yet distinction among UT/ Fonctional test), SCA (static code analysis) * keep it fast and simple * may be different for each library of a project, ... but try to keep it common Tests : * for each libraries run Unit tests, and you should have a coverage > 90% elsewhere it's useless. (you don't benefit fully of having UT in place) * Functional test for applications, and this can be an open door to virtualization, test world (selenium, ...) Scalability : * CI is scalable, especially new CI tools as they provide remote build mechanism * CI is just the glue among your build, and a tools that keep history (build, SCA metrics, UT trend, ...) * The complexity of the CI comes from your build / test process, nothing link directly to CI. Requirement : * Code / application design to be tested automatically / packaged ... organized in sub part to avoid integration dependencies .....

I've got also some little comments in each section .... Laurent Tardif (talk) 09:13, 21 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Um. what? Stevebroshar (talk) 23:36, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

"Opposing theory"
The article mentions the "opposing theory" of "Before submitting work, each programmer must do a complete build and test. All programmers should start the day by updating the project from the repository. That way, they will all stay up-to-date." Surely this is fully in line with the philosophy, not opposed to it? Jpatokal (talk) 04:41, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
 * The formulation is awkward, but I think what is meant it that there are variants of CI and that one variant requires developers to run all tests on their local copy before committing, instead of depending on an automated build on the build server. To be honest, I think running at least all *unit* tests locally before committing is part of the definition of CI. Martijn Meijering (talk) 15:17, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

Lede
The lede focuses on CI as part of quality control, but that's not its main focus. As the name suggests it's mainly an integration practice. It does have a relationship with quality control, running and passing all unit tests before integration is good for quality too, and a CI server is a good place to run all sorts of static and dynamic analysis tools, which is also good for quality control. But the main reason for CI is not quality control, but easier integration. Martijn Meijering (talk) 15:43, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

 * If CI wasn't being done for quality control, then we wouldn't need to do it continuously and could merely do it on demand - as it used to be done, two decades ago.
 * If you didn't integrate continuously it wouldn't be CI by definition. Quality control doesn't enter into that. Martijn Meijering (talk) 16:45, 19 April 2012 (UTC)
 * The reason for Continuous Integration is the discovery that the cost to fix broken integration increases with the time between break & fix. If integration breaks (and it will), then it's worth making an investment to detect this early by running trial integrations continuously. Andy Dingley (talk) 16:16, 19 April 2012 (UTC)
 * CI is not about trial integrations, but about real integration. Yes, it becomes harder the longer you put it off, hence the idea of continuous integration. Again, we don't do it because we have too many bugs, but because we don't want integration problems. Primarily it solves a different problem than low quality: if you work in parallel each of the branches may still be of high quality, but merging them can be extremely difficult.

 * Too many people confuse having a CI server like Jenkins or Cruise Control with doing CI. You can have a server and use parallel branches and only integrate once a week. The server would still be useful, but it wouldn't be continuous integration. Martijn Meijering (talk)

 * The reason for Continuous Integration is the discovery that the cost to fix broken integration increases with the time between break & fix.
 * That's the reason for having a build server, not for CI itself. The reason for that is the discovery that the longer between *branching* and *merging* (not breaking and fixing the build) the more difficult it is. Martijn Meijering (talk) 16:49, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

Rename Advantages/Disadvantages
Hi, I think the titles "Advantages" and "Disadvantages" are misleading considering the lists they caption. The list of Disadvantages aren't really disadvantages inherent to the methodology, they are rather costs of implementing it. They are not disadvantages that apply specifically to this methodology. Therefore I propose that the sections be named "Benefits" and "Costs" instead of "Advantages" and "Disadvantages". AadaamS (talk) 14:23, 5 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Agreed, done. -- Beland (talk) 16:42, 25 August 2014 (UTC)

Trunk based development
Continuous Integration by definition means commit to trunk(mainline) daily (or more frequently). Any feature branches should merge with trunk daily. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.202.252.100 (talk • contribs) 18:44, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

See also alex (talk) 11:20, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
 * http://paulhammant.com/2013/04/05/what-is-trunk-based-development/
 * http://petermorlion.blogspot.fr/2011/10/trunk-based-development.html
 * The requirement of committing to trunk daily is already stated in the article. We can certainly reference Trunk-based development, it is basically a new name introduced for CI after people started redefining the latter to mean having a build server that watches a repo and runs a set of tests and other static analysis against it. Not everybody agrees with this change of terminology though, Martin Fowler for instance is a prominent opponent. Martijn Meijering (talk) 16:51, 25 April 2018 (UTC)

Section Software is just a list
Why is the section Software just a list of some CI software? That makes no sense because it already exists the comparison list. TeamBuild2020 (talk) 08:29, 18 August 2014 (UTC)
 * It's also unfortunate that people call this Continuous Integration software, when it really is software for Continuous Integration Testing, which is not the same thing. Martijn Meijering (talk) 11:12, 18 August 2014 (UTC)
 * If there are no objections, I will delete the software section, since it, like many other lists on Wikipedia, has become just a place for (internal) link spam. Michaelmalak (talk) 12:52, 18 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks! TeamBuild2020 (talk) 16:33, 20 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Some of the software listed here wasn't there; I noted these at Talk:Comparison_of_continuous_integration_software if anyone cares to integrate them into the charts in that comparison article. -- Beland (talk) 17:13, 25 August 2014 (UTC)

Definition
The definition of CI in this article needs to be improved. Unfortunately there is a lot of confusion about the meaning of the term in the industry. It means two things:

1. Integrate code streams to trunk several times a day, ideally by always committing to trunk rather than to a separate branch. 2. Make sure the code is always in a workable state and develop functionality in vertical slices / walking skeletons rather than layer by layer or component by component.

It does not include 3. having an automated build server and using automated integration testing, though that is a very useful complementary practice. Unfortunately when people say CI, they often mean precisely this complementary practice rather than the two defining activities. The list of software in the article really deals with 3., while 2. isn't mentioned much if at all. Martijn Meijering (talk) 11:29, 18 August 2014 (UTC)

 * The word integration means to co-locate stuff (#1). But, I agree that CI generally includes #2, make sure the code is always in a workable state. In order to implement #2 people often setup a build server to compile, run unit tests .... So, there is a level of abstraction there. #2 is the goal and #3 (automated build server) is a common implementation. Stevebroshar (talk) 23:08, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

What is the definition of the word "baseline" in the context of this article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.62.123.140 (talk) 13:34, 19 August 2015 (UTC)

 * It can mean other things, but for CI it usually means the tip/head of a branch. Stevebroshar (talk) 23:10, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

List of CI software
Is there a list of CI software that can be linked? Interested in creation of a table in a separate article which can be linked? https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinuierliche_Integration#Software is a good start. -- Zgh (talk) 12:41, 27 April 2015 (UTC)
 * There used to be a list, but it was deleted. I'm not a fan of adding it back, because it was actually a list of continuous integration testing / automated build software, which though useful, is not the same thing. CI itself requires little more than version control software and a testing framework. Martijn Meijering (talk) 13:30, 27 April 2015 (UTC)
 * That's useful feedback, thank you. The question left unanswered is whether it can be moved to an external article and enhanced and cleared (to contain CI software only) there. I agree that restoring in the article is a bad idea. -- Zgh (talk) 13:40, 27 April 2015 (UTC)
 * In general, I finds WP lists to be low value. Stevebroshar (talk) 23:11, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

No mention of disadvantages of continuous integration
The costs and benefits section of the article only discusses the topic about its advantages, but none disadvantages (if there are any). At very least, the section could be copywritten into a more encyclopedic tone. Note the lack of citations in the section. 80.222.34.157 (talk) 05:47, 2 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Today, there is a costs section which covers downsides/disadvantages. I guess someone added that at some point in the last 8 years. Stevebroshar (talk) 11:26, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

CI is a version control strategy
I see you reverted my Bold change, as you have every right to do under WP:BRD, arguing that CI is not a version control strategy but an agile practice. The two are not contradictory and CI is in fact first and foremost a version control strategy, though the term is often misapplied to having a build server that runs all sorts of automated tests. Martijn Meijering (talk) 21:26, 8 April 2017 (UTC)
 * I see you when stated it was a revision control strategy and it's not. It is not used to do revision or version control. With a WP:RS to support your claim I won't even take it on faith. Walter Görlitz (talk) 21:45, 8 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Why do you say it's not a version control strategy? Feature branches are one well-known way of using your version control system, CI is another (some call it trunk-based development). What's wrong with calling that a version control strategy? Martijn Meijering (talk) 22:00, 8 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Because it's not. Feature branches are a revision control feature, but just because a company or team only deploys off its master branch and do so regularly doesn't mean it's a version control strategy. A version control strategy is whether to use feature branches for development or not. A version control strategy is what approach to merging to master is used (merge master to branch then back to master or merge feature branch directly to master). A version control strategy is whether a feature branch is close, or deleted or not. CI is not a version control strategy in any sense of the term. Walter Görlitz (talk) 22:08, 8 April 2017 (UTC)
 * I don't understand. You say that whether to use feature branches or not is a version control strategy. But that's exactly what CI is, CI means not using feature branches. Or at least, that's a large part of what CI is. Do you disagree with that? A bit earlier you refer to deploying from master only or not. Is that part of your definition of CI? Martijn Meijering (talk) 22:16, 8 April 2017 (UTC)
 * That's one way it is run. In some cases, a feature may take longer to develop and so a feature branch is required. 03:52, 9 April 2017 (UTC)
 * How much longer would you say? Note that a feature could easily take several days (or even weeks!) and still not require feature branches. [User:Mmeijeri|Martijn Meijering]] (talk) 10:07, 9 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Agreed that one developer could work on a a feature for several years and not require a feature branch, but that is unlikely to work when you have a team. Walter Görlitz (talk) 04:53, 10 April 2017 (UTC)
 * This could work just fine with a team too. A person could easily commit from his working copy indefinitely. I have a feeling the root of the problem here is the semantic diffusion Fowler talks about. It would be helpful if we could clarify the exact definitions the three of us are working form. If you look at the points 1-3 below, which ones are part of your definition of CI? Is there anything you feel shouldn't be in there or anything you feel is missing? Martijn Meijering (talk) 14:55, 10 April 2017 (UTC)
 * It could work, but generally doesn't. I'm not reading your essay below. Cheers. Walter Görlitz (talk) 15:24, 10 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Care to explain the seeming hostility? Martijn Meijering (talk) 15:35, 10 April 2017 (UTC)

 * Obviously it's not a version control strategy. It doesn't depend on the existence of version control. You could (and this would be foolish, although both possible and actually in use) to continuously build the simple "current version" from a filesystem, without any sort of VCS backup, or version snapshotting. A terrible way to work, but it would still be CI. Andy Dingley (talk) 14:35, 9 April 2017 (UTC)
 * CI is not about automated building. Martijn Meijering (talk) 14:44, 9 April 2017 (UTC)
 * BTW, I recommend https://martinfowler.com/bliki/ContinuousIntegrationCertification.html, especially footnote #3. Martijn Meijering (talk) 15:13, 9 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Of course CI relies on automated building (as in, this is essential, unlike VCS which is merely wise). CI is the process of frequently (Fowler says daily as a minimum) integrating all developers' work to a single codebase, automatically building it and testing it. Andy Dingley (talk) 15:41, 9 April 2017 (UTC)
 * The automatic building and testing is indeed highly recommended, but not part of the definition. See his footnote #3. I'm trying to understand the objections to calling CI a version control strategy. Is the objection that it is more than that? Or do we disagree that the practice of merging to trunk at least once a day can reasonably be described as a version control strategy? Martijn Meijering (talk) 15:46, 9 April 2017 (UTC)
 * I can't understand what your objection based on footnote #3 is?
 * It is fundamental to CI (in Fowler's model) that this is performed on the development trunk. The point is that isolated developers, isolated from this trunk, lead to major reintegration problems if they're not reintegrated at least daily. So whatever else, there must be no more than one trunk, with no more than a day's drift apart.
 * A VCS is some system for managing historical versioning of the same entities. Anything that can't do this (i.e. the ability to extract any identifiable historical version, on demand) is not a VCS. No matter what else it might do.
 * Integration can be done without a VCS. It's possible (but inadvisable these days) to integrate the trunk by simply copying the latest file versions, just as a filesystem, without needing a VCS. This was indeed the practice at one time.
 * So CI is integrated, frequent, and extends through the build process as far as some sort of smoke test. This is Fowler's definition. Hamble's definition is beyond that, as it also requires the ability to rapidly fix a broken build (which requires VCS as making a regression possible, rather than a vain optimistic hope of hero-coding a fix). I'd grant that an "automated" build might not be a strict requirement, but then neither is formal VCS. If VCS thus isn't an absolute requirement, then I can't see how CI could be definable as a VCS strategy. Andy Dingley (talk) 19:55, 9 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Before coming back to your points, let me give a little background about where I'm going with this, in the hope that will help. I'm mostly concerned about what Fowler calls semantic diffusion. Over time a larger group of people than the original proponents of CI and their early followers have extended and sometimes outright changed the interpretation of the term CI to the point that it is no longer compatible with the original meaning. We should probably explicitly mention this and mention various points of view.
 * The original meaning of CI was 1) all code that is written is merged into trunk within a day at most (Kent Beck explicitly said a daily build wasn't enough) and 2) trunk stays shippable / potentially shippable or something very close to it. For many people 2) is implicit in 1) as for them it goes without saying that merging should not break trunk ('no junk on the trunk'). This is also true for people who advocate say GitFlow. Automated unit tests and integration tests are an obvious safeguard that are helpful here, but Beck explicitly says that these automated tests aren't part of the definition of CI. He does strongly recommend against not using them. Note however that even these recommended automated tests do not require a build server and for the first five years or so of XP's history build servers weren't used. The practice was to run the tests locally before committing/merging. I disagree automated tests are part of the original definition of CI (although not having them was strongly discouraged) and the same goes for build servers. They are an excellent and highly recommended practice however.
 * Then at some point build servers became very popular in XP circles (they had been used elsewhere long before). As more and more people got interested in what was then called agile 1) was forgotten, 2) was still applied on trunk but people added practice 3) automated build servers to the definition and also typically didn't always run all tests locally before committing and accepted builds that were slow and stayed broken for long periods of time. As a result the new definition was incompatible with the old and led to situations that were highly undesirable from the original point of view.
 * So summarising, while XP proponents today advocate doing 1), 2) and 3) they only include 1) and 2) in their definition of CI. Many other people advocate 2) and 3) and call that CI, and are against 1). Some advocate only calling all three together CI, with just 1) and 2) referred to as Trunk-based development.
 * Coming back to your points: we agree that being no more than a day away from trunk is crucial. We agree that an automated VCS is not strictly necessary, some sort of manual system might suffice. I would go further than saying it's inadvisable, I'd say it's almost unworkable if you have multiple people practicing collective code ownership, merciless refactoring and working in thin vertical slices as in XP (although those are separate practices that are not included in the definition of CI). Martijn Meijering (talk) 20:26, 9 April 2017 (UTC)
 * I disagree with CI is not about automated building. I think you are saying that CI is _only_ about smooshing all developers changes into one place (committing to a central repo) in a continuous way. And I agree that that is required ... but is not the whole story. Integration is about making sure stuff works together; not just co-locating the source code. What it means to make sure it works can vary by context, but it usually includes building the software as a test that it is compliable -- a low bar for any integration. If you have unit tests, then integration can and should include running them. If you have a test deployment server, then publishing to that is good as well. And so on. The more automated testing the better. ... But, if all you do is commit often (no building, no testing), that's better than not doing that. It's a spectrum. Stevebroshar (talk) 11:17, 1 June 2024 (UTC)
 * WRT CI is a version control strategy: the term seems off the mark. I think CI is a strategy and it involves version control. But I wouldn't call it a version control strategy. If it's a commonly used term in the industry then we can use it here in WP. Otherwise, we should avoid defining new terms. ... That's a difficult rule to follow since we do have to describe things which involves using terms. But, I have seen many terms defined in WP that are not used IRL. Terms get added in WP, then search engines report those terms in their results. I think we should try not to influence what we are trying to document. Stevebroshar (talk) 11:24, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

Misleading phrase
The sentence "The longer a branch of code remains checked out, the greater the risk of multiple integration conflicts [...]" is ambiguous and seem wrong to me however I try to interpret it. I guess one of the following is meant: But both are somewhat the opposite of the sentence as is - 1) due to the "not", 2) due to "check-in" instead of "check-out".
 * 1) "The longer a working copy is not updated ..." by checking out the main branch again (and - if present - merge conflicts) - so rather NOT checking out frequently results in the problem
 * 2) "The longer a branch is not committed ..." So not checking in results in the problem - rather than having checked out

And while as stated "Not checking out" (at all) would solve integration problems - which is somewhat true because no development would take place and thus no conflicts would emerge, that's hardly meant. :D Florian Finke (talk) 09:17, 26 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Your comments seem reasonable. WP:SOFIXIT. Walter Görlitz (talk) 14:28, 26 August 2019 (UTC)
 * That was in a section called 'rationale', but there was nothing rationale about it. It's just a statement of the way things go. Describes a risk. ... thing is CI doesn't help with it. ... anyway, I moved that info to a section called related practices which is kind of a punt on whether any of that info is worthwhile Stevebroshar (talk) 23:15, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

Trying to understand this concept
So is how Wikipedia (the text, not the underlying Wikimedia software) created a version of continuous integration? Yes, no, maybe? (Or maybe Wikipedia could benefit from CI?) -- llywrch (talk) 21:12, 5 December 2019 (UTC)

 * You are talking about how WP article content is updated? If so, then the answer is no. That's a database update. CI is about building an application from source code. Very different.Stevebroshar (talk) 09:54, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

Related practices
I renamed workflows to 'related practices'. It's a rather long list of stuff that seems to be associated with CI, but not central to it. IDK if any of it belongs in this article. Maybe it's see also info. Stevebroshar (talk) 23:39, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Continuous integration


text:
Wirral Country Park

The Wirral Country Park is a country park on the Wirral Peninsula, England, lying both in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in the county of Merseyside and in the borough of Cheshire West & Chester in the county of Cheshire. It was the first designated country park in Britain, opening in 1973.

The park is located along the Wirral Way, which follows the track bed of part of the former Birkenhead Railway route from West Kirby to Hooton. The old line, which closed in 1962, follows the estuary of the River Dee for 7 mi between West Kirby and Parkgate. The route then heads inland, across the Wirral peninsula, to Hooton.

There are two visitor centres along the Wirral Way, located near to the site of Thurstaston railway station, at Thurstaston, and at the preserved Hadlow Road railway station, in Willaston.

History
Work began on the park in 1969, and the park was formally opened in 1973 by Lord Leverhulme. The park's creation followed a successful campaign by Captain Lawrence Beswick DSM, which prompted the necessary investment from the Countryside Commission.

Construction of the park required the removal of 30 mi of railway track and accompanying sleepers, the digging and forming of drainage channels, levelling and consolidation of thousands of tons of gravel or ballast, and the removal of some brick built road bridges. The old station platform at Thurstaston, the preserved 1950s-era railway station at Hadlow Road, Willaston, a number of bridges and the occasional railway incline signs, which indicate a degree of climb or descent, are some of the few remains of the original railway line.

Wildlife
The park is home to badgers and foxes and to ten species of butterfly identified among the local wildlife. The estuary along which the park is located is home to populations of ragworm, lugworm, and cockles which support various species of bird wildlife in the area, including common redshanks, common shelducks, northern lapwings, skylarks, meadow pipits and terns. During high spring tides visitors may also catch a glimpse of certain birds of prey such as peregrines, hen harriers and the daytime hunting short-eared owls.

Sports and recreation
Wirral Country Park is very popular with ramblers and offers numerous walks, three being of particular note. Firstly is the stretch of shoreline running a couple of miles from Thurstaston Beach to Heswall Beach, a popular route for horse riders as well. Secondly is The Wirral Way, a walk 13 mi in length that starts in West Kirby at the top end and runs down to Hooton at the other end. The country park itself lies along the Wirral Way towards the middle of this route. Thirdly is the 3.5 mi circular Heswall Dales and fields walk, via a small valley known as 'The Dungeon'.

A well known route within Merseyside, with part of it running through Wirral Country Park and encompassing some of the aforementioned walks, is the Wirral Coastal Walk. It is organised as an annual event by the Rotary Club, with over 5,000 taking part in 2008. The Walk follows the Wirral coastline from Seacombe Ferry on the River Mersey to Thurstaston Country Park on the River Dee, a distance of 15 mi. The annual event has become a popular way for local charities and organisations to raise money for their cause.

Wirral Country Park is popular not only for its wildlife and country walking, but also cycling, horse riding, kite flying, quad biking and paragliding. The 12.2 mi Wirral Way is very popular with cyclists, especially at weekends. Part of the Wirral Endurance Ride, a horse-riding event in the Endurance GB National Championship, is held along the Wirral Way.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wirral Country Park


text:
User talk:Samson magiri

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Qaz  ( talk ) 15:24, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Samson magiri


text:
User:CaptainChaosDunDunDun

Hi,

Don't have much time right now, but I'm a big fan of The Dukes of Hazzard, among many other things.

My (silly boyhood) dream is to find and restore a 1969 (not '68, not '70) Dodge Charger, and make it into an exact replica of The General Lee. Mind you, it's the act of doing this myself (taking an old clunker, restoring it over the years, and finally having a finished product that I'm happy with) that I'm looking forward to. I don't want a General Lee that someone else has made, nor do I want an already-restored Charger. It's the act of doing it myself (even though I currently have no auto restoration knowledge) that I'm looking forward to.

Okay, that's all I have time for now. More later.

title: User:CaptainChaosDunDunDun


text:
User talk:Sjhalasz~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -- Qaz  ( talk ) 15:25, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Image
Thanks for uploading Image:Scimitarprop.jpg. I am glad you have submitted a photo you have made yourself; however, you should also provide its copyright status using one of the copyright tags. In this case, I recommend one of the following tags: (indicating that you release the image into public domain),  (indicating that you submit the image on Wikipedia under the terms of GFDL license), or  or  (indicating that you allow others to use the image any way they see fit; if you do want to impose a condition, you may use ).

Regards, Mike Rosoft 14:46, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

A tag has been placed on Thirza Vallois, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article seems to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in Wikipedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert notability may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, and if you can indicate why the subject of this article is notable, you may contest the tagging. To do this, add  on the top of the page (below the existing db tag) and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm its subject's notability under the guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Pascal.Tesson 17:07, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Image:Scimitarprop.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Scimitarprop.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. BigDT 00:27, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Matalin.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Matalin.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 19:15, 21 July 2008 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? --MifterBot (Talk • Contribs • Owner) 19:15, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Third market trading
A tag has been placed on Third market trading requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A3 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is an article with no content whatsoever, or whose contents consist only of external links, "See also" section, book reference, category tag, template tag, interwiki link, rephrasing of the title, or an attempt to contact the subject of the article. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the page does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that they userfy the page or have a copy emailed to you. Bsadowski1 (talk) 23:56, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Salim Bonner Lewis
A tag has been placed on Salim Bonner Lewis requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for biographies.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the page does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that they userfy the page or have a copy emailed to you. Bonewah (talk) 16:31, 8 June 2009 (UTC)
 * That article, for all intents and purposes, was an unreferenced WP:Biography of living person. Get good sourcing before restoring it, and please also review WP:UNDUE and WP:BLP1E. If he's primarily notable for his conviction, it's doubtful that he should have an article here.--SarekOfVulcan (talk) 16:39, 8 June 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Sjhalasz! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 2 of the articles that you created  are tagged as Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring these articles up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 05:01, 15 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Barrie Dunsmore -
 * 2) Eric Bronsky -

File permission problem with File:Debraweinstein.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Debraweinstein.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file agreed to license it under the given license.

If you created this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to , stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here. If you take this step, add OTRS pending to the file description page to prevent premature deletion.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the file to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the file has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to .

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at File copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See File copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Kelly hi! 02:12, 24 December 2010 (UTC)

Nomination of Modified Dietz method for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Modified Dietz method is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Modified Dietz method until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Primefac (talk) 21:51, 13 January 2015 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Sjhalasz. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Sjhalasz~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:44, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 18:56, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sjhalasz~enwiki


text:
Folksworth and Washingley

Folksworth and Washingley is a civil parish near Peterborough in Cambridgeshire, England, comprising the villages of Folksworth and Washingley.

The parish was formed following the combination of the two separate parishes of Folksworth and of Washingley between 1931 and 1951.

Government
The civil parish has a parish council, elected by residents of the parish registered on the electoral roll. The parish council is the lowest tier of government in England, responsible for providing and maintaining a variety of local services including allotments and a cemetery; grass cutting and tree planting within public open spaces such as a village green or playing fields. The parish council reviews all planning applications that might affect the parish and makes recommendations to Huntingdonshire District Council, which is the local planning authority for the parish. The parish council also represents the views of the parish on issues such as local transport, policing and the environment. The parish council raises its own tax to pay for these services, known as the parish precept, which is collected as part of the Council Tax. Folksworth and Washingley Parish Council meets at the village hall on the 3rd Tuesday of the month at 7.20pm.

Population
In the period 1801 to 1901, the population of Folksworth and Washingley was recorded every ten years by the UK census. During this time the population was in the range of 193 (the lowest was in 1901) and 319 (the highest was in 1841).

From 1901, a census was taken every ten years with the exception of 1941 (due to the Second World War).

All population census figures from report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight.

In 2011, the parish covered an area of 2194 acre and so the population (including Morborne) density for Folksworth & Washingley in 2011 was less than 257 persons per square mile (99.2 per square kilometre).

title: Folksworth and Washingley


text:
Charlie Williams (umpire)

Charles Herman Williams (December 20, 1943 – September 10, 2005) was an American baseball umpire who officiated in the National League from 1978 to 1999, and in both leagues from 2000 to 2001. He was the fourth African American to serve as a full-time MLB umpire, and in 1985 became the first Black umpire of the Major League Baseball All-Star Game. In 1993 he became the first African American umpire to work behind home plate in a World Series game. He wore uniform number 25.

Williams was born in Denver, Colorado, attended George Washington High School, and became an All-America football player at Long Beach City College, later attending California State University, Los Angeles.

In his rookie season, Williams umpired third base for Tom Seaver's only no-hitter on June 16, 1978.

Williams was the only umpire to eject Steve Garvey from a game, which occurred during the 1986 season and received media coverage for the incident.

Williams was the first base umpire in a 1990 game between the Mets and Braves, when he was involved in a well-known incident. With two Braves on base, Met pitcher David Cone induced a chopper from Mark Lemke, fielded by Gregg Jefferies, who threw to Cone at first base. Williams mistakenly ruled Lemke safe. Cone argued vociferously with Williams while still holding the ball (Cone thought time had been called), and both Braves runners scored while Cone was distracted.

Williams was the home plate umpire for one of the longest games in World Series history, Game 4 of the 1993 World Series between the Philadelphia Phillies and Toronto Blue Jays at Veterans Stadium, which lasted 4 hours and 14 minutes and ended with a 15–14 Toronto victory and a 3–1 Series lead for the Blue Jays.

He was the first base umpire on June 3, 1995 when Pedro Martínez pitched 9 perfect innings before giving up a hit in the 10th.

In 1999, he was shoved by Mets third base coach Cookie Rojas after Rojas disputed Williams' "foul ball" call on a ball hit down the line by outfielder Darryl Hamilton. Rojas was suspended for five games.

He also worked the All-Star games in 1985 and 1995, the 1989 National League Championship Series between the San Francisco Giants and the Chicago Cubs, the 1997 NLCS between the Florida Marlins and the Atlanta Braves, and the 1999 National League Division Series. He ejected San Diego Padres first baseman Steve Garvey from a June, 1986 game between the Padres and the Atlanta Braves, the only ejection of Garvey's career, then ejected Padres manager Steve Boros the next day when Boros tried to present a videotape of the call Williams ejected Garvey over. He was also an umpire on September 28, 1988, when Orel Hershiser set the Major League record for consecutive scoreless innings pitched. He remained an umpire until his retirement in 2001 due to health problems, and died at age 61 in Chicago, Illinois after a long illness related to diabetes and kidney failure.

title: Charlie Williams (umpire)


text: Category:Italian sailors

title: Category:Italian sailors


text:
Early Tracks (EP)

Early Tracks is an EP collection of unreleased early recordings by American country/rock band Old 97's. The EP contains four songs from two early singles as well as four more from the Wreck Your Life recording sessions.

Track listing
All tracks by Old 97's

 * 1) "Ray Charles" – 3:15
 * 2) "Crying Drunk" – 3:14 (from "Crying Drunk" single)
 * 3) "Harold's Super Service" – 2:25
 * 4) "W-I-F-E" (Pedal Steel Version) – 3:47 (from "Eyes For You" single)
 * 5) "Por Favor" – 3:36
 * 6) "Sound of Running" – 3:03
 * 7) "Eyes For You" – 2:56 (from "Eyes For You" single)
 * 8) "Let the Train Blow the Whistle" – 2:54 (from "Crying Drunk" single)

Personnel

 * Ken Bethea – electric guitar
 * Murry Hammond – bass, vocals
 * Rhett Miller – acoustic guitar, vocals
 * Old 97's – producer
 * Philip Peeples – drums
 * Chuck Uchida – producer, engineer

title: Early Tracks (EP)


text:
User talk:Wizard9

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. --fvw *  15:26, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wizard9


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/World Modeling Agency

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 04:45, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

World Modeling Agency
Doesn't assert notability. KeithD (talk) 15:26, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy A1  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   16:20, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — per nom. — RJH 19:57, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. This is a substub at the moment, but at the risk of displaying a bit too much knowledge of the subject matter, World Modelling Agency is one of the main casting companies for the adult film industry in Hollywood and is often featured in documentaries and the like on the subject. But I don't know enough details to do any sort of expansion of the article. If it's just going to be a sub-stub then KeithD is correct that it doesn't assert notability as it stands. 23skidoo 21:15, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable — Wackymacs 20:23, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Beaumont, Quebec

Beaumont is a municipality of about 2,900 people 10 km east of Lévis, next to the Saint Lawrence River, in the Bellechasse Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec. It is a mostly rural community, with most people working in Lévis as there are no major businesses in Beaumont. It was chosen as one of the top 20 nicest villages in the province of Quebec.

It is crossed by Route 132, with many of its shops and commodities built alongside it. A few small streets are attached to the road, but the rest of the municipality is divided using the seigneurial system. The many open fields in Beaumont stretch all the way to the Saint Lawrence river, giving the visitors a large panorama.

title: Beaumont, Quebec


text:
Talk:Gilby Clarke

Untitled
Quote from article: "Overall in his role in Guns N' Roses, Clarke was never featured on any of the bands official studio material, but was featured during half of all 192 shows played during the Use Your Illusion world tour and most of their music videos."

- This makes no sense. He appeared on the Spaghetti Incident, did he not? The article says so just a few sentences earlier. This entire entry reads like it was written by a 12 year old. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.100.189.26 (talk) 20:41, 6 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Corrected, indeed it seem pretty silly considering that 3 of his releases with Guns N' Roses are listed in his discography. Cleaned up some of the page, will work on the rest, especially the solo years, later. HrZ (talk) 21:17, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

Good deal. I appreciate you looking into it. As an aside, I came to this page over the weekend because Gilby appeared live on a Cleveland, Ohio radio station, WTAM 1100, this weekend. He was interviewed on former democrat congressman Jim Trafficant's radio show Saturday. Is it true he was recently involved in a serious motorcycle accident? Should that be mentioned here? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.100.184.112 (talk) 02:14, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I think he did, will need to look up more sources but im pretty sure he posted it on his twitter? Although im not sure how serious it was, not sure if it should be added or not though HrZ (talk) 07:18, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

What do we all think of Gilby Clarke, was he any kind of replacement for Izzy when he joined  G n R.
 * Not sure if what we think of him makes any difference. I am only here because we were born on the same day, SqueakBox 16:01, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Do we censor starfxxxers?

No, only f-words, SqueakBox 05:28, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Gilby Clarke
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Gilby Clarke's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "symph": From Chinese Democracy:  From Guns N' Roses:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 11:35, 18 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Gilby Clarke. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060518120149/http://www.rockstar.msn.com/ to http://rockstar.msn.com/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081229142145/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/usa/gilby+clarke to http://www.musicmight.com/artist/usa/gilby+clarke

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:43, 20 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gilby Clarke


text: Category:Schools in Portugal

title: Category:Schools in Portugal


text:
Category:Celtic music groups

Music described as "Celtic", which resembles folk and traditional music.

title: Category:Celtic music groups


text:
The Raveleys

Great Raveley and Little Raveley are villages near Upwood south of Ramsey. They are located in Huntingdonshire (now part of Cambridgeshire), England, 3½ miles south-west of Ramsey. The population is shown in the civil parish of Upwood and the Raveleys.

Great Raveley
Also spelled:
 * Rorflea, Roflea, Raflea, Reflea (10th century);
 * Rauesle, Ravele Major (13th century);
 * Magna Rauele, Great Ravele, Raffleya (14th century).

At Great Raveley are various earthworks and moated sites. Buildings of 17th century dating include the Manor House and the former Three Horseshoes Inn, now a private dwelling. There is no church in this tiny village.

The parish of Great Raveley covers 1,781 acres of mostly clay land, rising from Great Raveley Fen in the north, where the height above ordnance datum is only 3 ft. 6 in., to 129 ft. at Top Road in the southwest corner of the parish. The greater part of the parish is high land where wheat and beans are grown; the pasture land covers less than a third of the area. There are some 32 acres of woodland.

The village is built along a branch road to Wood Walton. At the south-east end on the top of the hill is the Manor House, a 17th-century building now much modernised. Near here, facing the Huntingdon Road, is the pound. Lower down are the Methodist Chapel and the school. There are some 17th-century half-timbered cottages and the former Three Horseshoes public house, which has a good chimney stack. At White House Farm, at the west end of the village, is an ancient barn. A short distance north-west of this farm is a square homestead moat within which stood the ancient manor house of Moyne's Manor

Little Raveley
Also spelled:
 * Rorflea, Raeflea, Rafflea, Raffley (10th century);
 * Parva Ravele, Ravele Minor (13th century).

The even smaller village of Little Raveley did have a correspondingly small church, the Church of St James, which has an Early English chancel and a 15th-century nave. The church has closed and the building is now used as a private residence.

The parish of Little Raveley has an area of 751 acres of clay land, most of which is agricultural. The land is fairly level, being for the greater part a little more than 100 ft. above ordnance datum. Raveley Wood, within the parish, and Wennington Wood, just outside in Abbots Ripton parish, form a considerable stretch of woodland along the southwest border. The village lies on the winding road from Broughton to Great Raveley at a point where a branch road goes westward to Wennington and Abbots Ripton. It consists only of the church, which is in the north-west angle formed by these roads, and some four farm houses, four cottages and four county council houses, the population in 1921 being only 45 persons.

Church
It is thought that St James' Church, Little Raveley, was built in about 1230 with the nave being rebuilt in the late 14th century when it was widened. Restoration work was carried out on the chancel in 1914 and, in 1975 the church was de-consecrated, becoming a private house. Its religious artefacts, including the font, are now in Peterborough Museum.

The church of St James consists of a chancel (19¼ ft. by 14¾ ft.) and a nave (31 ft. by 16¾ ft.). The walls are of rubble with stone dressings partly plastered and the roofs covered with tiles. The chancel was probably built c. 1230, and the nave rebuilt late in the 14th century, when it was widened to the south. The chancel was restored in 1914.

The 13th-century chancel has a two-light east window of c. 1350, and just north of it is a foliated corbel-capital, of c. 1230. The north wall has a 14th-century square-headed two-light window. In the south wall is a similar window, a 13th-century doorway with bracketed lintel, a square-headed low-side window, a 13th-century piscina with trefoiled head, and a plain square recess. The arch is of early 16th-century date, of two orders, the inner carried on engaged shafts with moulded capitals and bases. The roof appears to be of late 15th-century date. The altar table is of mid-17th century, with turned legs.

The north wall of the late 14th-century nave has two original two-light windows and a blocked doorway. The south wall has two early 16th-century windows, a doorway of similar date and a 15th-century piscina with shelf. The windows contain small fragments of ancient glass. The west wall has no window, but a large buttress in the middle; in the gable above is a bell-cote for two bells, formerly standing up above a flat roof, but now, by the raising of the gable, incorporated in the western wall and below the line of the present roof. The nave roof is mostly modern, but has three old tie-beams and braces.

Little Raveley was a chapelry subordinate to Wistow apparently until Wistow obtained parochial rights in 1351, when it was directly dependent upon Bury. The chapel is first mentioned in the bull of Pope Alexander in 1178. It is uncertain when it first acquired the parochial rights of baptism, marriage and burial, but the font is of the 15th century and the parish registers go back to 1576. The living was a donative, the incumbents, who were called chaplains or curates, being collated by the lord of the manor. In the Parliamentary Survey of 1649, Little Raveley is said to be a chapelry of Bury and a donative worth £12 a year, and that Great Raveley, lying within a quarter of a mile, having neither church nor chapel, was very convenient to be joined to Little Raveley, but this proposal was not carried out. About 1867 Lord Sandwich, as lord of the manor, relinquished his right to the donative and the living became a vicarage in his patronage.

Government
Great Raveley and Little Raveley are part of the civil parish of Upwood and the Raveleys, which has a parish council. The parish council is elected by the residents of the parish who have registered on the electoral roll; the parish council is the lowest tier of government in England. A parish council is responsible for providing and maintaining a variety of local services including allotments and a cemetery; grass cutting and tree planting within public open spaces such as a village green or playing fields. The parish council reviews all planning applications that might affect the parish and makes recommendations to Huntingdonshire District Council, which is the local planning authority for the parish. The parish council also represents the views of the parish on issues such as local transport, policing and the environment. The parish council raises its own tax to pay for these services, known as the parish precept, which is collected as part of the Council Tax.

The Raveleys were in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, the villages were part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Then in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, the Raveleys became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire.

The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and has its headquarters in Huntingdon. Huntingdonshire District Council has 52 councillors representing 29 district wards. Huntingdonshire District Council collects the council tax, and provides services such as building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism. Great Raveley and Little Raveley are part of the district ward of Upwood and The Raveleys and is represented on the district council by one councillor. District councillors serve for four-year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council.

For The Raveleys the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services. Cambridgeshire County Council consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions. The Raveleys are part of the electoral division of Warboys and Upwood and is represented on the county council by one councillor.

At Westminster The Raveleys are in the parliamentary constituency of North West Cambridgeshire, and elect one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. The Raveleys are represented in the House of Commons by Shailesh Vara (Conservative). Shailesh Vara has represented the constituency since 2005. The previous member of parliament was Brian Mawhinney (Conservative) who represented the constituency between 1997 and 2005.

Population
In the period 1801 to 1901 the population of Great Raveley was recorded every ten years by the UK census. During this time the population was in the range of 108 (the lowest was in 1801) and 326 (the highest was in 1851). At the same time, the population of Little Raveley was in the range of 44 (the lowest was in 1891) and 83 (the highest was in 1801).

From 1901, a census was taken every ten years with the exception of 1941 (due to the Second World War).

All population census figures from report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight. The parishes of Great Raveley, Little Raveley and Upwood were combined into a single parish between 1931 and 1951.

In 2011, the parish covered an area of 4663 acre and so the population density for Upwood and The Raveleys in 2011 was 176.6 persons per square mile (68.2 per square kilometre).

title: The Raveleys


text:
Leonor Sullivan

Leonor Kretzer Sullivan (August 21, 1902 – September 1, 1988) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Missouri. She was a Democrat and the first woman in Congress from Missouri.

Biography
Born Leonor Kretzer in St. Louis, Missouri, three of her grandparents were German immigrants. Sullivan attended Washington University in St. Louis and was a teacher and director at St. Louis Comptometer school. She was married to John B. Sullivan, who served four terms in Congress, and she served as his administrative aide. Following her husband's death in 1951, she served as an aide to Congressman Leonard Irving until she left to run for Congress herself in 1952. She was re-elected eleven times. In Congress, she served for many years as Secretary of the House Democratic Caucus.

Sullivan helped create the food stamp program, which was opposed by Agriculture Secretary Ezra Taft Benson and became law in the 1960s during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations.

Sullivan did not sign the 1956 Southern Manifesto, and voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957, 1960, 1964, and 1968, as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Sullivan was one of very few members of Congress, and the only woman member of Congress, to vote against the Equal Rights Amendment for women in the early 1970s.

She did not seek re-election in 1976, and was succeeded by Dick Gephardt.

In 1979, the Supersisters trading card set was produced and distributed; one of the cards featured Sullivan's name and picture.

The former Wharf Street in front of the Gateway Arch in Downtown St. Louis was renamed Leonor K. Sullivan Boulevard in her honor.

Quotes
"A woman with a woman's viewpoint is of more value when she forgets she's a woman and begins to act like a man."

title: Leonor Sullivan


text:
Australian Active Service Medal

The Australian Active Service Medal (AASM) is an Australian military decoration. It was authorised on 13 September 1988 to recognise prescribed service in "warlike" operations, backdated to February 1975. It is awarded with a clasp to denote the prescribed operation and subsequent awards of the medal are made in the form of additional clasps. In 2012, it was announced that the medal would no longer be issued for future operations, with the AASM and the Australian Service Medal being replaced by the Australian Operational Service Medal.

Description
The AASM is a circular nickel-silver medal ensigned with the Crown of St Edward. The obverse has a Federation Star within a wreath of mimosa and bears a laurel wreath surrounding the inscription 'FOR ACTIVE SERVICE'.

The medal ribbon is 32 millimetres wide and has a central red stripe to symbolise the danger of warlike operations. It is flanked by stripes of silver-green which in turn are flanked by stripes of light green, gold, dark green and brown.

The ribbon bar consists of a strip of full-sized ribbon with no emblem.

AASM Afghanistan 2015-2021 Debate
Veterans and current serving ADF personnel have proposed that a new AASM be issued incorporating clasps for warlike operations in Afghanistan (ICAT), Syria and Iraq. In 2015, the AASM ceased being issued by the Australian Government and was replaced by the Operational Service medal (OSM). Unlike the AASM, the OSM for Middle East deployments does not distinguish between the active and warlike service of deployed personnel serving in Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria, compared with support personnel serving in places such as the UAE who receive the same medal as personnel service on warlike operations. Alternately the current AASM could be issued for active service in those countries, with clasps for ICAT, Iraq and Syria.

This has caused concern to personnel who believe a new AASM should be issued alongside the OSM to recognise warlike service of those operations, including the AASM for service in Afghanistan from 2015 to the evacuation in 2021.

Clasps
The following clasps were authorised for issue with the AASM:

Balkans

 * 1 day of service (or 1 sortie) with the United Nations (UNPROFOR, UNMIBH, UNCRO, UNPREDEP, UNTAES) or North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) peacekeeping activities in the former Yugoslavia between 12 January 1992 and 24 January 1997.

Cambodia

 * 1 day of service (or 1 sortie) with the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) from 20 October 1991 to 7 October 1993.

East Timor

 * 1 day of service (or 1 sortie) with the:
 * United Nations Assistance Mission in East Timor (UNAMET), Operation Faber, from 16 September 1999 to 23 February 2000.
 * ADF contribution to the International Force for East Timor (INTERFET), Operation Warden, from 16 September 1999 to 10 April 2000.
 * See also INTERFET Medal.
 * UN mandated International Force for East Timor (INTERFET), Operation Stabilise, from 16 September 1999 to 23 February 2000.
 * United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET), Operation Tanager, from 20 February 2000 to 19 May 2002.
 * United Nations Mission of Support to East Timor (UNMISET), Operation Citadel, from 20 May 2002 to 17 August 2003.

ICAT

 * 1 day of service (or 1 sortie) as part of the International Coalition Against Terror:
 * with the ADF contribution deployed overseas to the United States-led military response to international terrorism, Operation Slipper, from 11 October 2001 to 5 December 2002, and from 1 January 2009 to the present.
 * in Diego Garcia (for 30 days/30 sorties) from 11 October 2001 to 1 August 2002.
 * as part of the ADF Support to the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, Operation Palate, from 18 April 2003 to 4 July 2004.
 * as part of the ADF Support to the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, Operation Palate II, from 27 June 2005 to the present.
 * See also Afghanistan Medal.

Iraq

 * 1 day of service (or 1 sortie) in the area comprising Iraq for service as a member of the ADF assigned for service to:
 * Operation Jural with the United Kingdom elements of the coalition force from 30 June 1991 to 12 January 2003.
 * Operation Provide Comfort with the United States elements of the coalition force from 11 August 1991 to 15 December 1996.
 * Operation Bolton with the United Kingdom elements of the coalition force from 31 August 1992 to 12 January 2003.
 * Operation Southern Watch with the United States elements of the coalition force from 31 August 1992 to 12 January 2003.
 * Operation Northern Watch with the United States elements of the coalition force from 1 January 1997 to 12 January 2003.

Iraq 2003

 * 1 day of service (or 1 sortie) in the Middle East Area as part of the:
 * ADF contribution deployed overseas to the United States-led military coalition operations to remove the threat of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction, Operation Falconer, from 18 March 2003 to 22 July 2003.
 * ADF participation in United States-led coalition in Iraq, to support the effort to assist with the rehabilitation of Iraq, and to remove the threat posed to world security by Iraq's weapons of mass destruction capability, Operation Catalyst, from 16 July 2003 to 31 July 2009.
 * ADF participation to the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq, Operation Riverbank, from 21 July 2008.
 * ADF participation to the provision of security in Iraq, Operation Kruger, from 1 January 2009.
 * See also Iraq Medal.

Kuwait

 * Service with the multinational deployment in the Persian Gulf from 17 January 1991 to 28 February 1991.
 * Service on HMAS Canberra during Operation Damask VI from 13–19 January 1993.

Middle East

 * Service of 1 or more days with the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) in southern Lebanon from 12 July 2006 to 14 August 2006.

Namibia

 * 30 days of service with the United Nations Transitional Assistance Group (UNTAG) from 18 February 1989 to 10 April 1990.

Rwanda

 * 1 day of service with the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, Operation Tamar, from 25 July 1994 to 8 March 1996.

Sierra Leone

 * Service of 1 or more days with the International Military Advisory and Training Team or attached to British forces involved in Operation Husky from 15 January 2001 to 28 February 2003.

Somalia

 * 1 day of service (or 1 sortie) with the:
 * Battalion Group for Operation Solace as a part of UNOSOM I from 10 January 1993 to 21 May 1993.
 * Naval Component for Operation Solace from 10 January 1993 to 21 May 1993.
 * Land components of the United Nations Operation in Somalia II from 1 May 1993 to 28 March 1995.
 * Air components of the United Nations Operation in Somalia II from 1 May 1993 to 28 March 1995.

Vietnam 1975

 * 1 day of service associated with RAAF activities with Transport Support Flight Butterworth or HQ Richmond Detachment 'S' to UNICEF, from 29 March 1975 to 28 April 1975.

Returned from Active Service Badge
Recipients of the Australian Active Service Medal are also entitled to the issue of the Returned from Active Service Badge (RASB).

The RASB is the only campaign service badge awarded post-World War II. It is worn on the left lapel and only in civilian attire, to reflect that the recipient has been involved in warlike service. The brass badge has a serial number with a prefix denoting the member's service, and has been awarded since 1945 where the only change to its appearance has been the replacement of the King George VI's crown with that of the Queen Elizabeth's.

Unlike most awards, the RASB is not issued to deceased members or the next-of-kin, as the badge represents a return from the member's warlike service. The replacement of the AASM with the Operational Service Medal was announced in May 2012; as a result, the RASB has been retired with the AASM, with the Operational Service Badge filling the role of being a badge indicative of a members' warlike service.

Related medals
A separate campaign medal in the Australian system is awarded for major operations and wars, and several – such as the Afghanistan Medal and the Iraq Medal – were issued concurrently with the AASM. These are referenced under their respective clasps, such as the "ICAT" clasp. Personnel who received this medal may also be entitled to receive a service or campaign medal from an international organisation or the host country – such as the NATO Medal – if they meet the eligibility criteria for those medals. These are treated as foreign medals in the Australian system, and if approved for wear on service uniforms, are worn after Australian medals in the order they are received. Recipients of the ASM may be authorised to wear two or three further medals for the same period of service; an Australian campaign medal, a medal from an international organisation and a medal from a host nation. Some of the international and host nation medals have been granted a blanket authority for all recipients to wear. Others are approved on an individual basis.

title: Australian Active Service Medal


text:
The Stukeleys

The Stukeleys is a civil parish in the district of Huntingdonshire, in Cambridgeshire, England, consisting of the villages of Great Stukeley and Little Stukeley, and the new settlement of Alconbury Weald being built on the old RAF Alconbury site. The parish lies just north-west of Huntingdon. As well as the two villages, the parish also includes Huntingdon racecourse. The East Coast Main Line runs across the eastern edge of the parish. The A14 road runs south-east to north-west across the western half of the parish and has junction with the A1 road just outside the western border of the parish. Cambridgeshire County Council has its headquarters at New Shire Hall on the Alconbury Weald development in the parish.

Government
The Stukeleys has its own elected parish council that is responsible for providing and maintaining a variety of local services including the allotments, street lighting, play areas, grass cutting and tree planting. It helps to maintain and extend the paths in the built area and the countryside, provides the bus shelter, litter, dog-waste and salt bins. A committee of the parish council reviews all planning applications and makes recommendations to Huntingdonshire District Council, which is the planning authority for the parish. The parish council also represents the views of the parish on issues such as local transport, policing and the environment. The parish council raises its own tax to pay for these services, known as the parish precept, which is collected as part of the Council Tax. In 2015, The Stukeleys parish council had nine members; meetings were held on the first Monday of a month either in Great Stukeley Village Hall or in Little Stukeley Village Hall

Population
All population census figures from report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight.

The parish of The Stukeleys was created on 1 April 1935 from the merger of the two former parishes of Great Stukeley and Little Stukeley.

In 2011, the parish covered an area of 4552 acre and so the population density for The Stukeleys in 2011 was 188.4 persons per square mile (72.7 per square kilometre).

Energy generation
A solar farm was built towards the village of Abbots Ripton, just inside the parish boundary at 52.375°N, -0.2°W. It covers an area of 150 acre, contains over one hundred thousand photovoltaic solar panels and is one of the larger solar farms in England. It started power generation in March 2014 and has a peak capacity of 24.7MWp; enough to power over 7,000 households.

title: The Stukeleys


text:
User talk:Babybrowneyez711

hey hey hey

title: User talk:Babybrowneyez711


text:
Talk:Bassline

Stub
I've made a start on this but there's a long way to go to unstub it. The last para needs NPOV-ing and I think we could do with some comments about the role of the bassline in different kinds of music.

I'm sort of assuming that use of the term 'bassline' is mainly limited to pop/rock/electronic music rather than classical music, where I haven't heard it used except colloquially (ie being cute; like calling the Beethoven 5 motif a 'riff').

Ornette 15:32, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * i always thought of a baseline as part of the rock/funk/hip hop etc. tradition. if no one has any suggestions or objections, i'll get around to adding a new section regarding baselines in the contemporary sense.
 * Joeyramoney 23:00, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Other Genres
A Bassline is an important element of post-punk music, with bands such as Joy Division, Echo and the Bunnymen and more recently Interpol employing it as an integral element of the music, therefore I have added post-punk as one of the genres.

 * I agree, and can't understand why Peter Hook is not in the shortlist of lead-playing bass players. --Beamrider 15:39, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

modern sense
well, i added a section on basslines in modern popular music, but it really needs some cleaning up. any help would be appreciated.Joeyramoney 23:34, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Please note the spelling of bassline. Thanks. Also, lowercase subsequent words in headings (Manual of Style (headings)). Hyacinth 08:46, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Removed

 * "This has a very pulsy sound as contrasted by sharp and solid sounds from the lead and rhythm, and so the bassline tends to sound like it is plodding along in a song. Any bass tones in a sequence (melody) that are in the bass range may be considered a bassline. Therefore, drums could be used to create basslines although they are generally classified as percussion. Alternatively if you take an instrument that plays in the treble clef and transfer its melody to the bass clef, again a bassline is formed."

I removed the above as it was in the section Bassline and does not describe instruments used. Also, I don't know what "pulsy" means (though I like the word) and various other unclarities. Hyacinth 11:56, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

I thought that this was relevant and made a good point. Not only only string instruments can make a bassline. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.57.220.222 (talk) 00:42, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Links
BassCamera.com is not for free. Users have to sign up and pay a fee for watching the videos. I wonder if this is a commercial sneaking into Wikipedia here...

Irrelavent
"Some people have even taken bass playing to a new level and gone entirely solo on the bass, Victor Wooten for example has taken on a new approach that most people know and recognize from his albumn A show of hands."

I thought that this should be in the bass guitar section, not the bassline section. So I removes it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.57.220.222 (talk) 00:45, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Complementary bass
Complementary bass, which redirects here, has been proposed for deletion tomorrow (25-March). If you disagree with this, then please see that page for the brief explanation. If you agree with it, then no further action should be necessary on your part. WhatamIdoing (talk) 02:04, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

Electronic Music
How about we include a brief description of the style of basslines in some electronic genres? D&B comes to mind. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.161.180.214 (talk) 18:13, 23 May 2011 (UTC)

"Recreate"?
"In the 1930s and 1940s, most popular music groups used the double bass as the bass instrument. Starting in the 1960s, the louder, easier-to-transport bass guitar replaced the double bass in most types of popular music, such as rock and roll, blues, and folk. By the 1970s and 1980s, the electric bass was used in most rock bands and jazz fusion groups. The double bass was still used in some types of popular music that recreated styles from the 1940s and 1950s such as jazz (especially swing and bebop), traditional 1950s blues, jump blues, country, and rockabilly."

Were, say, bebop or rockabilly really recreating "styles from the 1940s and 1950s"? I find this dubious. 67.168.12.90 (talk) 13:36, 3 August 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Bassline. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090420020302/http://basslinetoday.co.uk:80/ to http://basslinetoday.co.uk

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:20, 28 October 2016 (UTC)

false synonyms
The opening sentence's "also known as a 'bass line' or a 'bass part'" provides two false synonyms that should be eliminated. The former is false, because this is a misspelling of the term: it's a single word, "bassline," that should not be separated into two words. The second synonym is false, because of the distinction between a "line" and a "part": while a line refers to an abstract melodic entity — in this case a repetitive one in the low register — a "part" refers either to the sheet music performed by the bass player, or more broadly to all of the notes performed by the bass player, which would include, for example, bass solos, which are defined as departures from the register and textural function of a cyclically repeated "bassline." For this reason, the parenthetical clause in this article should be removed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.84.88.19 (talk) 04:51, 10 August 2019 (UTC)
 * You do of course have reliable sources to support these claims, so what is stopping you from making the changes you suggest?—Jerome Kohl (talk) 07:40, 10 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bassline


text: Portal:New York City/box-header

title: Portal:New York City/box-header


text:
The Offords

The Offords is the name given to the two villages of Offord Cluny and Offord D'Arcy, situated on the east bank of the River Great Ouse between Saint Neots and Huntingdon in west Cambridgeshire. The Offords were both recorded in the Domesday Book as 'Upeforde' under two different landowners, which suggests they were one village at that time. By the 13th Century they had evolved into two distinct settlements, and remained so until the proximity and resulting close co-operation of the two villages lead to their merger in 2010. In 2008 the Parish Councils merged, and in 2010 the Huntingdon (Parishes) Order 2009 officially created the new Parish of 'Offord Cluny and Offord D'Arcy'.

Origins
The name 'Offord' originates from the name found in the Domesday Book 'Upeforde', which in turn is believed to be derived from the Old English pre 7th Century "uppe", up (stream), and "ford", ford. The name 'Cluny' comes from Cluny Abbey in the Bourgogne region of France, which were granted a manor in Offord by Arnulf de Hesding some time before 1086. The name 'D'Arcy' is first mentioned in records when, in 1279 "William de Broughton was holding a manor, with a common fishery, in Offord Darcy of the Abbot of Ramsey".

Today
Today the Offords have an estimated population of 1,240; in the 2001 census Offord Cluny had a population of 502 and Offord D'Arcy a population of 747. The parish church shared by the Offords is All Saints in Offord Cluny, a Grade II* listed building dating back to the 13th Century. Baptism, weddings and funerals are held there along with a monthly family service. Offord Village Hall provides a meeting place for (amongst others) the Offord Players (the local amateur dramatics group), the Offord Gardeners Association, the Mums and Tots group and on occasion the 'Cotton Farm Action Group'.

The community is served by two garages (a MOT test and servicing centre and a TVR/Noble Automotive garage), a village store and two pubs (the Swan Inn and the Horseshoe Inn & Restaurant). Local children can attend the Offord Primary school, ranked in the top five in Cambridgeshire. There are a number of events held throughout the year including the Offord Film Festival, the Offord Dog Show and the Offord Music Festival, the last two of which are held at Millennium Green, the local village green. There is an equestrian centre providing riding instruction and livery service, and a local angling club which fishes the river Great Ouse in and around the villages.

Population
In the period 1801 to 1901 the population of Offord Cluny was recorded every ten years by the UK census. During this time the population was in the range of 170 (the lowest was in 1801) and 369 (the highest was in 1851). At the same time, the population of Offord D'Arcy was in the range of 156 (the lowest was in 1801) and 437 (the highest was in 1861).

From 1901, a census was taken every ten years with the exception of 1941 (due to the Second World War).

All population census figures from report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight.

title: The Offords


text:
Talk:Doomwatch

Episode lists
I got most of the original list from tvheaven (including 3:13 and lost items) and corrected the capitalization. I got the dates for episodes 1 from the TVheaven images of Radio Times, and the rest from http://epguides.com/Doomwatch/. From http://epguides.com/Doomwatch/ I also capitalised My and added elipses in By the Pricking of My Thumbs. Can anyone confirm that no episode was transmitted on 8 August 1972? And preferably the reason. Rich Farmbrough 15:33, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * According to http://www.tv.com/doomwatch/winter-angel/episode/322689/summary.html Winter Angel aired on Thursday December 16 1999, yet we say 7 December.

I'm going to assume that someone misread a Rdio Times 7 for a 1. Rich Farmbrough 16:53, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * http://www.cinefania.com/tv/serie.php?id=69&l=en lists the last episode of series 3 as 8 August. As does http://www.clivebanks.co.uk/Doomwatch%20Timeline.htm. But why would there be an eisode 31st Jult and one on the 1st Aug?

Quango
I've removed the description of Doomwatch being "a Quango, a government organisation...". The whole point of a quaNGo is that it's Non-Governmental. Les woodland (talk) 10:37, 28 December 2007 (UTC)les woodland

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Doomwatch. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051212132349/http://epguides.com:80/Doomwatch/ to http://epguides.com/Doomwatch/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:37, 15 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Doomwatch


text: Portal:New York City/box-footer

title: Portal:New York City/box-footer


text:
Southoe and Midloe

Southoe and Midloe is a small civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. The parish lies approximately 6 mi south-west of Huntingdon. The parish comprises the small village of Southoe and the even smaller settlement of Midloe. The two settlements are situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England.

Government
The civil parish of Southoe and Midloe, which has a parish council. The parish council is elected by the residents of the parish who have registered on the electoral roll; the parish council is the lowest tier of government in England. A parish council is responsible for providing and maintaining a variety of local services including allotments and a cemetery; grass cutting and tree planting within public open spaces such as a village green or playing fields. The parish council reviews all planning applications that might affect the parish and makes recommendations to Huntingdonshire District Council, which is the local planning authority for the parish. The parish council also represents the views of the parish on issues such as local transport, policing and the environment. The parish council raises its own tax to pay for these services, known as the parish precept, which is collected as part of the Council Tax. The parish council comprises seven councillors; the council normally meets on the first Wednesday of the month in the village hall.

Southoe and Midloe were in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, the villages were part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Then in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, they became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire.

The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and has its headquarters in Huntingdon. Huntingdonshire District Council has 52 councillors representing 29 district wards. Huntingdonshire District Council collects the council tax, and provides services such as building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism. Southoe and Midloe are part of the district ward of Buckden and are represented on the district council by one councillor. District councillors serve for four-year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council.

For Southoe and Midloe, the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services. Cambridgeshire County Council consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions. Southoe and Midloe are part of the electoral division of Buckden, Gransden and The Offords and are represented on the county council by one councillor.

At Westminster Southoe and Midloe are in the parliamentary constituency of Huntingdon, and elect one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Southoe and Midloe are represented in the House of Commons by Jonathan Djanogly (Conservative). Jonathan Djanogly has represented the constituency since 2001. The previous member of parliament was John Major (Conservative) who represented the constituency between 1983 and 2001.

Population
In the period 1801 to 1901 the population of Midloe was recorded every ten years by the UK census. During this time the population was in the range of 30 (the lowest was in 1801) and 53 (the highest was in 1841). In the same period the population of Southoe was in the range of 213 (the lowest was in 1901) and 307 (the highest was in 1851).

From 1901, a census was taken every ten years with the exception of 1941 (due to the Second World War).

All population census figures from report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight.

The two separate parishes of Southoe and of Midloe were combined into a single parish between 1931 and 1951.

In 2011, the parish covered an area of 2377 acre

title: Southoe and Midloe


text:
The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants

The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants is a book by Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz and Aristid Lindenmayer. It is notable as it is the first comprehensive volume on the computer simulation of certain patterns in nature found in plant development (L-systems).

The book is no longer in print but is available free online.

Contents
The book has eight chapters:

 * Chapter 1 – Graphical modeling using L-systems
 * Chapter 2 – Modeling of trees
 * Chapter 3 – Developmental models of herbaceous plants
 * Chapter 4 – Phyllotaxis
 * Chapter 5 – Models of plant organs
 * Chapter 6 – Animation of plant development
 * Chapter 7 – Modeling of cellular layers
 * Chapter 8 – Fractal properties of plants

Reception
George Klir, reviewing the book in the International Journal of General Systems, writes that "This book, full of beautiful pictures of plants of great variety, is a testimony of the genius of Aristid Lindenmayer, who invented in 1968 systems that are now named by him -- Lindenmayer systems or L-systems. It is also a testimony of the power of current computer technology. The pictures in the book are not photographs of real plants. They are all generated on the computer by relatively simple algorithms based upon the idea of L-systems." Klir goes on to explain the mathematics of L-systems, involving replacement of strings of symbols with further strings according to production rules, adding that "high computer power is essential since the generation of realistic forms requires tremendous numbers of replacements and the geometric interpretation of the generated strings requires a highly sophisticated computer graphics".

Adrian Bell, reviewing the book in New Phytologist, writes that it demands respect for three reasons, namely that it is the first book to explain the algorithms behind virtual plants, it "unashamedly" connects art and science, and is unusual in being a real book on a computer-based subject. Each chapter, writes Bell, is an introductory manual to the simulation of an aspect of plant form, resulting "eventually" in a 3-D image of a plant architecture.

Peter Antonelli, reviewing the book in SIAM Review, writes that it presents a "beautifully designed 'coffee-table-book'" summary of Lindenmayer's school of thought, explaining how Algorithmic Language Theory, like Noam Chomsky's theory of grammar, can describe how repeated structural units can arrange themselves. Antonelli suggests that Goethe would have disapproved of having the barrier of mathematics between the observer and the observed.

Karl Niklas, reviewing the book in The Quarterly Review of Biology, writes that the book, intended for many different audiences, is "unequally successful" in reaching them. Niklas suggests that those who wonder about how graphic artists create "the magnificent cyber-floras that sway and grow so realistically in the movies", and those who admire plant symmetry will enjoy the book. He is more skeptical about its claim to serious science as the book "fails to educate its readers" about the challenge of understanding plant form in terms of developmental biology. Therefore he believes the book falls short, the dazzling beauty of fractals not proving their relevance to biology.

title: The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants


text:
User talk:MARussellPESE

 * Archive 1: 2005-10-07 — 2007-04-04
 * Archive 2: 2008-08-22 — 2011-11-04

Greetings
I can make no promise to reply promptly. Sorry, but the $D world with smellorama intrudes. Thank you for taking the time to post. — MAR

Useful links

 * valign="top" |
 * valign="top" |

Editing

 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Manual of Style
 * Help desk
 * Templates
 * Citation templates
 * Source templates
 * Talk page templates
 * valign="top" |
 * valign="top" |

Wikepedia policies and guidelines

 * Attribution
 * No original research
 * Neutral point of view
 * Dubious sources
 * Cite your sources
 * Reliable sources
 * Wikipedia Manual of Style

Other

 * }

 * valign="top" |
 * valign="top" |

Misc

 * List of colors
 * Web colors
 * Reverse DNS lookup
 * Requests for CheckUser
 * Rouge admin
 * valign="top" |
 * valign="top" |

Wikepedia Administrators' Noticeboards

 * Incidents
 * 3RR
 * Fringe theories
 * }

title: User talk:MARussellPESE