text:
Talk:Standard (warez)

Comments
— J I P | Talk 05:00, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Can anyone add any information on who exactly sets these standards? What shadowy organisations are involved? -NeoThe1 08:26, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

 * It doesn't matter 'who' but only that 'it is'. Rules help the scene to flow. I for 1 am in favour of it

 * Why does it matter? Why would you ask a question that no one would EVER answer? It wasn't one person anyway, it was a consensus based on a balance between quality and size. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sp4i6 (talk • contribs) 17:11, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

 * To me it's incredibly interesting to find out how centralised or decentralised the governing system is.NeoThe1 01:02, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

 * It's "the federation of releasing groups" and very loose as for who actually writes down the rules from revision to revision and organizes communication. What's important is that almost all major release groups sign, and the standards are golden. So it's not like there's a pyramid of syndicated crime or any sort of hierarchy, but more like independant countries and the the kyoto treaty. If there's any sort of nefarious influencing going on, it probably has more to do with top sites and enforcing these rules. By that I mean that many feel that the current nuke system is arbitrary and often not strong enough to encourage quality over speed. It's more efficient for a group to not test and to release as quickly as possible in order to get credit than it is to test first. So risking being nuked is deemed more less important than risking losing the race to release something first.--Trypsin 23:38, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

Strange how a culture built on breaking the rules make up rules for itself. A scene rule you should add is that whenever there's an "I" in uppercase text it has to be lowercase. WTF is that about? 81.232.158.237 10:04, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

 * It probably has something to do with how "Iil and 1" appear on screen, lowercase i is easiest to read as i. 84.251.14.145 22:05, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

 * That's silly. For example, how could "i" in for "DEViANCE" be mistaken for a "1" even if it was called "DEVIANCE"? 81.232.158.237 12:25, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

 * You see, the warez scene dates all the way back to the 80s when such long namings and different charsets were limited in computers. It stays, you know. Many groups still even participate (which is quite obsolete nowadays) in the demoscene or supply their releases with cracktros, the most popular probably being Fairlight, and who even recently have won many times at the Assembly demo party, and such. -- nlitement [talk]  23:35, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I rather think it's because and uppercase "i" can look the same as a lowecase "L" -> IlIlIl vs. iLiLiL
 * some of this rules are really silly. I looks like l? it depends on typeface. you should always use verdana ;) and how about 0 and O? it also looks the same in some cases--Tatsh 17:27, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

 * There is no cut and dried 'reason' a lot of groups use a lowercase 'i' instead of a capital 'I', other than social reasons. Some very influential groups have done this, and I'm fairly certain a few 8-bit computer era groups were doing this.  It was distinctive and it caught on.  Imagining there was a reason for the first group that did this other than wanting to use it as a matter of style is fantasy.  It's not like a bunch of 16 year old 8-bit pirates created a Joint Working Group, met in Geneva, and hammered out a standards document after addressing the very alarming fact that someone might confuse an uppercase "I" with a lowercase "l".  In the 8-bit era, the resolutions were poor enough and the letterforms - all monospace - were distinct enough that the only way you were going to confuse the two, this side of medically significant sight damage, was if you were being deliberately obtuse.  Don't over complicate things, it's just a bit of stylistic flare that caught on.  Kind of like: :) 12.148.54.126 (talk) 22:00, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

"Nonetheless the introduction of MPEG-4 playback capabilities in standalone DVD players was a result of the huge amount of TDX compliant movie material available on the internet." ← This is extremely hard to prove. There is really no manufacturer would ever say anything like this. I'm sure many people think this, but there is no way to prove it.--Tatsh 17:27, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Just add "probably" somewhere to make it valid. 81.232.158.237 12:25, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

 * This is a matter of simple deduction. Back in the days when DivX and XviD were becoming popular, encoding high quality video with bitrates making it possible to fit a ~90min movie into a CD was something of an occult science (remember, these were the times before AutoGK and x264!). Encodes made by regular users were usually no more than sub-par quality. Scene groups, however, had great expertise in encoding videos, and thus were the absolute primary source of quality DivX/XviD encoded movies.

 * It is obvious that the availability of high quality MPEG-4 ASP movies was the biggest factor generating demand for the so-called DivX DVD players. Such a demand arising from consumers wanting to view occasional home-encoded DivX clips and the like (which the complement set for TDX compliant movies basically consists of) is a logical impossibility.

 * This should be proof enough. There shouldn't be any incoherence concerning the truthfulness of my initial claims. My reasoning is also sound, so my conclusion is correct. This whole thing could be quantified/formalized mathematically if someone really cared as much. By applying exhaustive reductionism and correct modeling of the human nature, the truthfulness of the matter would be chopped up into elementary claims no sane being could object to. Well, it pretty much already is.

 * I think Wikipedia should introduce some sort of colloquial flag for articles which, due to their underground/non-formal nature, couldn't possibly have any kind of reliable third-party sources such as university studies etc. 88.112.190.157 (talk) 09:39, 10 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Alternatively, people could stop treating this online encyclopedia as a dumping ground for their own half-remembered anecdotes and passed-on words of wisdom, which would obviate the need to drop our referencing standards. The warez scene has certainly been studied properly by reliable sources in the past; that this article presently does not make use of them is an unfortunate side-effect of the barrier to entry being so low on Wikipedia. Chris Cunningham (user:thumperward: not at work) - talk 11:27, 10 August 2010 (UTC)

''The warez scene are defined by groups of people who have been involved in its activities for several years and have established connections to large groups. These people form a committee, which creates drafts for approval of the large groups.'' You've got to be kidding me... this is encyclopedic? These "groups" could be just groups of friends in the neighborhood, for all I can tell. I suggest a "Essay-entry" or "Story" template. There aren't citations either. -76.4.49.201 23:40, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

These rules are perfectly genuine, but, in my opinion, due to the secretive nature of their authors, signatories, distribution and enforcement, any articles on the subject will always fail to meet Wikipedia's verifiable-content requirements. I recommend that they be mentioned in abstract terms (i.e., acknowledging their existence), but that explicit details be not recorded. 202.36.179.65 03:55, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Simply adding a flag like "Underground info" (you get the point) is enough. People aren't expecting encyclopedic verifiability when they navigate into an article like this. Omitting detailed information would really serve no purpose at all. Surely anyone who wants to be sure of their information's truthfulness will understand what kind of information they're dealing with in an article like this. 88.112.190.157 (talk) 09:47, 10 August 2010 (UTC)

 * In my opinion without the .dir rules it wouldent be as organized, and like somone eles had mentioned. Dupe check wouldent have been possible, when it was around irc. 72.81.182.145 (talk) 04:47, 28 March 2011 (UTC)

Any rules on whether to write "x264" (lowercase x) or "X264" (uppercase X) in release names? Groups tend to do differently, and sometimes same group use different uniforms on different releases, often BDRip/DVDRip packs. This is a bit confusing, especially if you're in favor of consistency. However, this is of course wordly, to say the least. I've briefly looked through recent scene rules but no comments on this little detail. Oxiq (talk) 09:38, 13 April 2018 (UTC)

 * There are no rules for this. It's the preference of the group/ripper that ends up in the release name. Same with XviD or XViD in the past while it must be Xvid on Wikipedia. Ondertitel (talk) 19:39, 15 April 2018 (UTC)

Packaging ?
What is the purpose of chopping up a release into 50 MB pieces ? I understand the logic in the old floppy days, but why today ?

--Xerces8 12:08, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

- it's for easier distribution of the files over topsites, speed, racers, error correction (easier to replace 50mb then 4.7GB), tradition (which actually makes up most of the 0day/dox rules), amongst many other reasons - these things are out of the scope of this wikipedia article (2007-08-01)

Fortunately it does seem to be on it's way out, but things do tend to lag... It's already the case that archiving to cd is more expensive than archiving to dvd, but it will probably be another two years before the cd sized chunk goes the way of the dodo (likely because the average computer in China still lacks a dvd burner).

- [by: ptr] Why do these groups strictly use MP3? Vorbis is proven to be more efficient, isn't it?
 * It's an often-asked question. So far, the benefits provided by ogg vorbis and other codecs over well-encoded MP3 are not strong enough to warrant the effort involved in changing. Processing MP3 features like ID3 tags is a major component of zipscripts, and thousands of sites would need to be upgraded to support a different codec. In fact, I don't think project-zs even supports ID3v2 yet. This limitation is not such a problem with other sections like DiVX and music videos, and so they are able to adopt new codecs relatively easily. 202.89.153.139 12:52, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

I think the scene is a bit characteristic for trying to do things as 'perfect' as possible. (Because there are so many, and fairly strict rules.) I'm a bit of a perfectionist (wich is not always nice to be) and would say; first technology (the best codec), and after technology comes luxury (not having to rewrite some(/a lot?) software/websites.) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

There is no limit of 101 disks in the old style naming format, because it continues from r99 to s00, s01 and so on.--65.9.110.130 (talk) 21:52, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

Where exactly does the double packing (RAR, then ZIP) come from - did it serve any real purpose? People I meet either complain about it or offer no explanation other than "That's the way it's done for 0-day releases". What is it for? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.173.184.8 (talk) 15:59, 7 August 2009 (UTC)

It would really be appreciated if people STOP deleting information such as images and info on this page. No one can get caught or ratted out with a wiki, get over yourselves, you are not that important. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sp4i6 (talk • contribs) 17:15, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

removal of the tag
it does have references but their just not linked —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.245.1.188 (talk) 00:29, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

 * You need references for how the warez scene sets the standards, current references are just supporting that the standards exist and are correctly referenced, but don't link them to the scene. You need a reference that says "the warez scene sets standards for releases, for example standards X and Y to release programs W and Z " --Enric Naval (talk) 15:29, 4 December 2008 (UTC)

merge Zero_day_information here
The article Zero_day_information constain a few paragraphs on the offset and a short explanation of warez standards. This is a short article, so I propose creating here a section explaining the offset and then converting the Zero day article into a redirect to the section here. This way all warez standards are explained on the same place, and we don't need to repeat the explanation of what a warez standard. --Enric Naval (talk) 15:34, 4 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I'd recommend just delete the article, since most if not all content is already on Pre channel and Standard_(warez) articles. Format section is the only "informative" section of this article. Yet after 15 years, I haven't seen single BBS or topsite using "Zero day information" described in the text. It just sounds like something someone made up.
 * Pda (talk) 22:41, 1 January 2009 (UTC)

x264 Standards
There are quite some releases using the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video format. Most of them are HDTV rips or rips from HD-Disks (Blu-ray/HD-DVD). They use the matroska container and mostly contain AC3 and DTS Audio.

These releases are standardized in: high.def.x264.movie.standards.rev2 and The.720p.x264.TV.Releasing.Standards.2007.

At least in the german scene there are also H.264/MPEG-4 AVC releases riped from SD-Disks (DVD) standardized in: German.x264.Releasing.Rules.non.HD.

Since x264 releases get more and more common this should be in the article (my english sucks so I can not do that)...--85.177.188.23 (talk) 10:47, 1 February 2009 (UTC)

 * It might be worth mentioning that scene in general works differently in Germany than it works in other parts of the world.
 * There are .GERMAN. specific rulesets, for example TV. If group A releases S02E01, then group B is forbidden to release S02E02, unless theres something wrong with release made by group A. Group B cannot "race"(meaning faster encoding,packaging,uploading to presites and actual release) the pre like its done in scene elsewhere. Since group A made the first release for that season, they called the dibs on the rest of the season. Pda (talk) 19:51, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

Audio
Please update the WEB rules basing on: (Official MP3 Release Rules V1.1 active since 2007-06-01)

Encoding Quality For releases made from MP3s (online bought) and which are not SBD: VBR (all combinations, but no maximum bitrate limit) and CBR is allowed. The minumum bitrate for CBR is 192kbit.

=> You release the MP3 as is. It is NOT allowed to re-encode! If the source is below 192 kbit CBR it's not allowed to release it. Release the MP3 unmodifed as you downloaded it. Only adding/changing ID3 tag is allowed. If you want to release a -WEB- mp3 file with constant bitrate (CBR) then you must choose the best version (320->256->224->192 kbit) available at the shop.

For ALL other sources (CD, Vinyl, DVD, SBD, CABLE, LINE, etc.): You must use either: - LAME 3.97 (final version!) with preset V2 and VBRNEW ("-V2 --vbr-new") or - LAME 3.90.3 (modified version preferred) with preset APS ("--alt-preset standard"). For both LAME versions additional switches which would affect the mp3 quality are forbidden, especially no minimum or maximum bitrate limits. 82.160.17.130 (talk) 11:45, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

"While Vorbis is an open codec with more hardware support, AAC is likely to be adopted as a release standard in the future, because it is the successor to MP3 and because AAC is supported in more players, especially iPod players." - this is speculative nonsense on two fronts. The designers of AAC may have had in mind that it would replace mp3, but the userbase gets the last vote on this. Just like Ogg Vorbis, AAC proponents forget that technical details, and filesize at a given audio quality are not the end-all and be-all of what end users will actually accept, and since any end-user can encode an mp3, an ogg vorbis, or an aac file, they really do have a much larger say in this matter than typical format wars. Ubiquity and the fact that mp3 has not been "enhanced" with a DRM-enabled variant are key strengths. Secondly, what is this "likely" if not utter conjecture? Given the nature of the so-called "scene", predicting in advance that it is going to start championing a format that puts it out in front of end-users is silly, uninformative, and unhelpful. 12.148.54.126 (talk) 21:52, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

Update
Can someone update the page? - 2009 rules are out for XVID, yet the page mistakenly says 2005 are the most current - my editing skills aren't good enough! 91.121.182.85 (talk) 15:27, 8 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Done. I added some other rules too. 84.192.54.239 (talk) 14:21, 15 August 2009 (UTC)

Can someone update the page, again? - 2010 Rules are out for x264. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.195.194.37 (talk) 22:33, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

Multiple Issues
If this article is going to remain it needs a complete re-write. It has multiple issues:

 * Much of it is original research
 * It makes reference to articles that also consist mostly or entirely of original research
 * It makes sensationalist claims about products and data formats with no citations to back them up
 * It is not an encyclopedia article.

Because of the multiple problems I am recommending deletion or a full re-write.

-FoxMajik (talk) 03:28, 5 December 2009 (UTC)

 * About a rewrite: yes. The list needs to be restructured, some standards added e.g. pornography and some standards for "other" smaller scenes. e.g. covers. Besides naming, I haven't checked "What is defined" yet, so there may be issues. Some standards often need a bit more information what they're about.
 * Much of it is original research
 * I don't think this is a problem if it's verifiable? Therefor, I've been adding references to the different rulesets. These Standards have been published in the warez scene (verify through pre db) and are available on http://rules.nukenet.info/. It follows the definitions on the Standards article. Personally, I only change stuff when I have sources, so it takes time.
 * It's in the nature of the topic. How do you verify if something is released illegally on the internet? Example: X-men workprint No mention of the warez scene because journalists are at the bottom of the piracy chain: p2p. (see x-men article about fired journalist using p2p)
 * There is a book that can help. (see further)
 * It is not an encyclopedia article.
 * It is something that does exist, but it is underground. However, huge amounts of what is available on p2p originates from the warez scene. Especially television series. Therefor it's notable. It's easy to see (pick a torrent site), but not so easy to have references for this. A regular p2p user often doesn't see the difference between a scene release and a p2p release e.g. aXXo. A lot of private torrent sites are scene releases only.
 * Read fourth comment:
 * It makes reference to articles that also consist mostly or entirely of original research
 * That will change. I found this book: Software Piracy Exposed. Haven't read it, but it can be used as reliable source for many smaller related articles, e.g. workprint.
 * It makes sensationalist claims about products and data formats with no citations to back them up
 * If it's about the RAR format used: common knowledge + it's in almost every ruleset. (Will get references when I decide to do the top part of the article)
 * About the products: haven't checked those paragraphs. Maybe the book will help. Otherwise, you have a point and it should be removed because products can vary over time.
 * If you talk about the "Consoles" part: these are probably all de facto standards. It should be possible to find sources for this, but hard to link it with the scene I think.

 * Please give me an example of WP:NPOV in this article. I'm a rather new wikipedia user and I'm not sure what you mean by that in this article.
 * Yes, the article needs work, but give it time.

Agreed about the rewrite. The MP3 scene description is pretty vague and the references do not apply to the actual standards used until the early 2000's (it was 192 kbps CBR, 44.1 khz). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.0.157.5 (talk) 05:06, 26 December 2013 (UTC)

Scene game ISO
"Game releases by the scene in iso format started in 1998. Before this period there only existed game rips, even if the full game was included. This is most likely the first game iso scene release: Heroes Of Might And Magic III released by CiFE on 1998-02-21. Since the game iso rules started on 1998-02-01, there might be releases from before 1998-02-21. Scene game iso is always rar.

These are the first and only scene game iso rules: They never got updated because the game iso groups could not agree on new rules. Newer rulesets do not exist. The ones that are floating around from later dates are done by Unleashed and got never signed by any scene group. There are only some new unwritten agreements that are not always followed by all groups." <!-- List of what probably are all game iso scene releases of 1998: 02/21/1998                        Heroes Of Might And Magic III     CiFE 09/16/1998                        NHL '99     Isolation 09/25/1998                        NFL Blitz     Isolation 09/27/1998                        Madden NFL '99     Paradigm 09/28/1998                        Axis & Allies     RiSCiSO 09/30/1998                        Caesar 3     Isolation 10/02/1998                        M.I.A.     Hummers iso 10/15/1998                        Trespasser     Isolation 11/10/1998                        Carmageddon II     CiFE 11/11/1998                        NBA Live '99     isocd 11/14/1998                        Half Life     Razor 1911 11/18/1998                        Michael Owen's World League Soccer '99     DEViANCE 11/19/1998                        Nascar Racing 1999 Edition .REPACK. DEViANCE 11/20/1998                        Blood II: The Chosen     FairLight 11/20/1998                        WCW Nitro     CERTiSO 11/21/1998                        Tomb Raider III     DEViANCE 11/21/1998                        King's Quest 8: Mask of Eternity     isocd 11/27/1998                        Janes World War II Fighters     DEViANCE 12/04/1998                        A Bugs Life FIXED WORKING     SSCISO 12/04/1998                        The Equivering     CiFE 12/04/1998                        Civilization II MP Gold Ed     Isolation 12/07/1998                        Prince of Persia CD Collection     CiFE 12/07/1998                        Pinky and The Brain     DEViANCE 12/07/1998                        VIP Classic Wings 98 Volume One     CiFE 12/07/1998                        Rival Realms     DEViANCE 12/08/1998                        Adv. Tactical Fighters - Gold Ed     COiSo 12/08/1998                        Dark Vengeance     CiFE 12/08/1998                        Gangster     DEViANCE 12/09/1998                        Uprising 2: Lead and Destroy     DEViANCE 12/09/1998                        Recoil     DEViANCE 12/09/1998                        AFL 99     SSCiSO 12/10/1998                        Snowwave Avalanche     CPS 12/10/1998                        Quest for Glory V: Dragon Fire     DEViANCE 12/11/1998                        Top Gun     DEViANCE 12/11/1998                        Magic And Mayhem REPACKED     TEAMISO 12/11/1998                        Ultra Fighters     DEViANCE 12/11/1998                        Deo Gratias     CiFE 12/11/1998                        Mad Trax     CiFE 12/11/1998                        Falcon 4.0     DEViANCE 12/11/1998                        Scotland Yard     CiFE 12/12/1998                        Jagged Alliance     ACEiSO 12/13/1998                        Mountain Game Hunter     SHOCKiSO 12/13/1998                        WitcHaven     COiSo 12/14/1998                        Golf Pro 2-Wentworth Ed. tftiso 12/15/1998                        Tarot Magic     ssciso 12/16/1998                        Carnivores     DEViANCE 12/17/1998                        Quake II Extremities     EViLiSO 12/17/1998                        Skullcaps     CiFE 12/18/1998                        Myth 2: Soulblighter     CiFE 12/18/1998                        Airport 2000     WACKYiSO 12/18/1998                        Excessive Speed     CiFE 12/18/1998                        Asghan - The Dragon Slayer     DEViANCE 12/19/1998                        Whiplash     COiSo 12/21/1998                        Fly Hunter     RiSCiSO 12/21/1998                        Luftwaffe Commander     DEViANCE 12/22/1998                        Starsiege Tribes(Network Only)     DEViANCE 12/23/1998                        Apache Havoc     CiFE 12/24/1998                        Beavis & Butt-Head     DEViANCE 12/25/1998                        Football Masters '99     CiFE 12/28/1998                        Talking Ski Area     gs 12/28/1998                        Quake II Extremeties(working)     CiFE 12/31/1998                        Football Pro '99     DEViANCE-->

Putting this info here since it's not sourced and could be wrong. --Ondertitel (talk) 21:51, 13 December 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Standard (warez)


text:
Katz

Katz or KATZ may refer to:

Fiction

 * Katz Kobayashi, a character in Japanese anime
 * "Katz", a 1947 Nelson Algren story in The Neon Wilderness
 * Katz, a character in Courage the Cowardly Dog

Other uses

 * Katz (surname)
 * Katz, British Columbia, an uninhabited official placename in Canada
 * Katz railway station, a Canadian Pacific Railway flag stop
 * KATZ (AM), a radio station (1600 AM) licensed to St. Louis, Missouri, United States
 * KATZ-FM, a radio station (100.3 FM) licensed to Bridgeton, Missouri
 * 22981 Katz (1999 VN30), a main-belt asteroid
 * Katz Editores, an independent Argentine scholarly publisher
 * Katz syndrome, a rare congenital disorder
 * Katz Castle, St. Goarshausen, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
 * Katz Group of Companies, a Canadian retail pharmacy network
 * Joseph M. Katz School of Business, a Graduate School at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Katz


text:
Sydney Trains K set

The K sets are a class of electric multiple units that currently operate on the Sydney Trains network. Built by A Goninan & Co, the K sets first entered service in 1981 operating under the State Rail Authority, and later CityRail. The carriages are of stainless steel, double deck construction and share much of their design with the older S sets. All of the 40 K sets originally built (160 carriages) remain in service and are currently the oldest in the Sydney Trains fleet.

Design and construction
The K sets were the first New South Wales suburban trains to be air conditioned and have headlights.

Two orders were placed for the K sets with all manufactured between 1981 and 1985 by A Goninan & Co in Broadmeadow:

The first order featured low mounted upper deck windows, off-white and sagebrush grey interiors, and unpainted fronts. The second order featured higher mounted upper deck windows, yellow and mustard interiors and State Rail Authority candy livery fronts. The first four trailers were built as driving trailers allowing them to operate in two-car formation, although in practice they were formed into four carriage sets and often ran together as one eight-car set until 1988. These also differed in the subsequent deliveries in being fitted with air conditioning from new, rather than pressure ventilation. To provide a spare, C3550 & T4216 were also built with air conditioning. All ten carriages were fitted with different windows, being sheet glass with small opening hoppers. This was replaced with sheet glass in 1993.
 * Order 1
 * Order 2

To accommodate the air conditioning and associated equipment, the pantograph had to be shifted to the adjacent trailer car to which the power car is semi-permanently coupled with high voltage cables connecting the two cars. Although some power cars and trailers have been broken up and married with others during periods of heavy maintenance, many original combinations remain.

The control carriages have a flat front, with headlights at the top. They were built with four sets of marker lights, standard at the time. Different combinations of white marker lights were used to indicate different destinations. Flip-dot destination displays were installed later on, which covered the upper middle marker light. Since destination displays have been installed, marker light combinations are no longer necessary, so usually only the two upper marker lights are used. However, some trains still retain the switch for the lower marker light. The front of the train also has an emergency door for the guard compartment and windscreen wipers for the driver window only. Hoses and receptacles are provided below the windows to connect another set, since, unlike newer trains, the coupler does not carry electrical or air connections.

Like other trains of the time, the crew compartment contains a smaller compartment for the driver on the left side (in direction of travel). The guard uses the area outside of the driver's compartment, with two manual hinged doors on either side providing access to platforms. Above these doors, on the outside are blue lights indicating which compartment the guard is in.

Each vestibule has two-panel sliding doors on either side. Each door also has a vent underneath the window, which was covered when air-conditioning was installed. The doors cannot detect obstacles and continue pushing against the obstruction until it is removed or the guard reopens the doors. Small orange LEDs are located above the doors on the outside that flash when the doors are closing. They assist the guard in locating doors that haven't closed successfully. All trains were retrofitted with traction interlocking, meaning the driver cannot apply power when the doors are open.

In service
All K sets are crewed with a driver and guard. The guard uses the rear cab on a two or four-car train. On eight car trains, the guard usually uses the 5th carriage so that the entire platform can be seen. However the 4th carriage cab can also be used if there is a problem with the 5th carriage one.

All the K sets were delivered to either Hornsby or Punchbowl depots. With the trials on the ten experimental carriages judged successful, in 1986 a programme commenced to retrofit air conditioning to the second order. This saw the Beclawat windows replaced with sheet glass. It would be July 1990 before the programme was completed.

In April 1989, K sets commenced operating peak-hour services via the North Shore line to Gosford. This was extended to Wyong in January 1992. In September 1990, all Punchbowl based sets were transferred to Hornsby.

In January 1991, four sets were transferred to Flemington Maintenance Depot to operate peak-hour Illawarra line services to Port Kembla.

To replace U sets on stopping services between Gosford and Newcastle, the sets with driving trailers were re-marshaled as two-car sets from October 1996.

Following the delivery of the outer suburban Tangara sets in 1994, the K sets ceased operating the Central Coast and Illawarra services. During the late 1990s, all were refurbished by A Goninan & Co as part of the CityDecker program. This saw the interiors refurbished with white walls and ceilings, grey floors and blue seats. Power cars received a destination indicator and had yellow applied to the lower half of their fronts. Sliding Beclawat windows on the pressure ventilated cars were replaced with hopper windows and doors painted yellow. The first order was finally retrofitted with air conditioning just prior to the Sydney 2000 Olympics. These cars retained the hopper windows until the late 2000s, but were sealed shut with an adhesive to avoid the loss of air conditioning.

After the introduction of a new timetable in October 2009, all K sets were allocated to Hornsby to operate North Shore, Northern & Western line services, operating in 8-car formations. This was due to the noise levels inside trains when operating on the Epping to Chatswood segment. Older S sets lack sufficient sound insulation for passengers, while newer Tangara sets don't have sufficient cooling in the dynamic braking system to deal with extended shuttle runs through the tunnel.

In mid-2014, K sets are gradually transferred from Hornsby to Flemington resulting in their resumption of service on the Airport, Inner West & South, Bankstown, Carlingford and Olympic Park lines. K60 to K86 were previously running these lines, based out of Flemington Depot. Prior to 2017, K87–99 continued to run part-time on the T1 North Shore, Northern & Western lines.

In October 2013, the 2 car K Sets (K1–4) were withdrawn from NSW TrainLink Gosford to Newcastle services. The four driving trailers were converted to ordinary trailers at Hornsby and the sets returned to service on Sydney Trains services in March 2014 as K98 and K99. The existing K98 was re-numbered K91. The driver cabins in these carriages were stripped of controls however the actual walls were kept intact. The doors to the driver cabin are kept locked and the blinds are kept down. There are no passenger seats where the crew compartment used to be. Also, unlike converted S set cars, the round window on the crew compartment doors were removed and covered with a metal plate.

In July 2017, asbestos was found in the circuit breaker panels, which is inside the driver compartment of the K sets, with all withdrawn for inspection for a few weeks. All have since returned to service.

After the introduction of a new timetable in November 2017, all K sets were transferred to Sector 2.

In late 2017 and early 2018, all K sets and C sets were slightly refurbished with all poles and other safety features repainted yellow.

In 2019, set K96 was withdrawn from passenger service and had Automatic Train Protection (ATP) equipment installed. It has conducted ATP testing since then and will be retained following the retirement of the rest of the fleet for this purpose.

K sets operate on the following lines: They were formerly in operation on the T6 Carlingford line until it was closed in January 2020.
 * T2 Inner West & Leppington Line: Leppington or Parramatta to City Circle via Granville
 * T3 Bankstown Line: Liverpool or Lidcombe to City Circle via Bankstown
 * T8 Airport and South Line: Macarthur to City Circle via Airport or Sydenham

Tekno Train by Paul Mac
As part of Vivid Sydney 2024, set K94 was modified with LED strip lights, large-scale speakers and strobe lights for the 'Tekno Train', an event organised by Australian musician Paul Mac. The train would depart from Central station on three different trips, one over the Harbour Bridge to North Sydney Car Sidings and back, and two around the City Circle and through to Turrella via the Illawarra Mainline and the Airportlink; using the Macdonaldtown stabling sidings to turn around after each trip. It featured a mix of classic and purpose-written music by Mac to accompany the train on it's journey, with occasional commentary included. The Tekno Train would run every night from 24 May 2024 to 15 June 2024.

Preservation
While at the moment there are no developed plans for the preservation of any K set cars, Sydney Electric Train Society has expressed interest in preserving at least one.

Several heritage tours have used K sets prior to retirement, these have been:

 * K set to Kick off 1997 Tour (SETS, 08/03/1997)
 * New and Old Electrics Tour (SETS, 22/12/2012)
 * Rivers to the Shore Tour (HET, 16/04/2023)**
 * ARHS K set to Newcastle Tour (HET/ARHS, 27/05/2023)**

 * Silver Set to the Summit (HET, 09/06/2024)**

** substituted in place of an S set

title: Sydney Trains K set


text:
Talk:Angels and airwaves

I can't believe how poorly written this article is. Truly mind-blowing. Someone clean up this mess. (Unsigned message by 65.35.75.206)

title: Talk:Angels and airwaves


text: User talk:213.130.117.54

title: User talk:213.130.117.54


text:
Talk:B-girl

I've always believed that this term was slightly more focused on the east-coast (of America) break dance scene, and is an example of some of the differences between west coast and east coast hip hop culture. Is this the case? Dxco 05:02, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Historically deficient
See: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/B-girl — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pdgillen (talk • contribs) 17:57, 4 December 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:B-girl


text:
User:Tahir murtaza

Headline text
I AM THE CITY OF KNOWLEDGE AND ALI IS ITS  GATE. INORDER TO GAIN KNOWLEDGE, FOLLOW ALI TOACHEIVE HIGH RANK. (Prophet  MOHAMMED) (S.A.W.W.)

title: User:Tahir murtaza


text:
Yorkshire Evening Post

The Yorkshire Evening Post is a daily evening publication (delivered to newsagents every morning) published by Yorkshire Post Newspapers in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The paper provides a regional slant on the day's news, and traditionally provides close reporting on Leeds United and Leeds Rhinos as well as the Yorkshire County Cricket Club team.

Despite its title that implies the paper is Yorkshire wide it is a Leeds-based paper, still widely circulated in Bradford, Harrogate, Huddersfield, and Wakefield as well.

The City of Leeds has two further widely circulated local papers, being the Wetherby News and the Wharfedale and Airedale Observer.

For many years, the Evening Post produced a separate edition for South Yorkshire printed simultaneously in Doncaster. In 1970, that was converted into the now closed Doncaster Evening Post.

Starting in 1926, the Yorkshire Evening Post sponsored motorcycle trial events on Post Hill, an area near Farnley specifically acquired for this purpose.

Move from Leeds
In February 2012, Johnston Press announced that printing of The Yorkshire Post and Yorkshire Evening Post in Leeds would be switched to their plant at Dinnington near Sheffield and the Wellington Street printing facility closed.

In September 2013, it was announced the Wellington Street premises would be demolished as journalists had already moved out. Preliminary demolition began in March 2014; In April 2014, it was announced the tower would be spared.

Memoir
In his 2015 memoir, former reporter Revel Barker recalled the 1960s:

"During the cricket season...the Evening Post would be on the streets at 10.30 a.m. The 'First' would be out about noon, the 'Final' at 2 p.m., the 'One-star final' around 3.30 and the 'Late Night Final' about 4.30. the Post was selling around 250,000 copies a night... nowadays there is only one edition, written and produced the night before and printed in Sheffield, 36 miles away"

(In 1963) "our main competition the Yorkshire Evening News succumbed to economic pressures and folded to merge with the YEP – for a brief time creating a daily circulation close to half a million copies."

Availability

The Yorkshire Evening Post is widely available across the City of Leeds as well as areas around Harrogate, Wakefield, Dewsbury, and Ilkley. An online edition is also available.

title: Yorkshire Evening Post


text:
Juan Agustín Ceán Bermúdez

Juan Agustín Ceán Bermúdez (17 September 1749 in Gijón – 3 December 1829 in Madrid) was a Spanish writer on art.

Biography
Bermúdez was born in Gijón, Asturias. He founded an art academy at Seville, and was given responsibility to order the Archivo General de Indias or the repository of documents relating to the Colonies. He later made secretary of the Council for Indian Affairs in Madrid, a post later lost. He put himself in the service of the statesman and author Jovellanos and wrote his master's biography; Jovellanos then helped pay for his artistic studies and placed him in a government position. He is best known as the author of the Diccionario Historico, a biographical dictionary of the principal artists of Spain. He was also a friend of Goya.

Works

 * Diccionario historico de los mas ilustres profesores de las Bellas Artes de Espana (Madr. 1800, 6 Vols.)
 * Descripcion artistica de la catedral de Sevilla (Sevilla 1804)
 * Carta sobre el estilo y gusto en la pintura de la escuela sevillana (Cadiz 1806)
 * Memorias para la vita del G. M. de Jovellanos (Madr. 1814)
 * Dialogo sobre el arte de la pintura (Sevilla 1819)
 * Noticias de los arquitectos y arquitectura de Espana (Madr. 1829, 4 Vols.)
 * Sumario de las antiguedades romanas, que hay en Espana (Madr. 1832, posthumous)

Internet

 * Arte Espanol: Proyecto Diccionario Cean Bermudez. 2006. http://www.ceanbermudez.es
 * Juan Agustín Ceán Bermúdez on arthistoricum.net

title: Juan Agustín Ceán Bermúdez


text:
Dewsbury Reporter

The Dewsbury Reporter is a local weekly publication, providing news for residents of Dewsbury, West Yorkshire, and surrounding areas.

It is owned by National World, and has sister newspapers covering Mirfield, Wakefield, Batley and Birstall. The Dewsbury Reporter was the second newspaper in Dewsbury, having been founded in 1858 four years after the Dewsbury and Batley Herald.

History
The Dewsbury Reporter was founded in 1858, and celebrated its 150th birthday on 7 March 2008. It was owned by the Huddersfield Examiner.

The paper was Yorkshire Weekly Newspaper of the Year in 2003 and 2009 and is part of the Yorkshire Weekly Newspaper Group.

In July 2008, Hannah Ridgeway replaced Richard Firth as the newspaper's editor after previously working on the Halifax Courier and as deputy editor on the Brighouse Echo.

title: Dewsbury Reporter


text: Category:107 deaths

title: Category:107 deaths


text:
Zheng Zhong

Zheng Zhong, courtesy name Jichan (季產) or Jiping (季平) (died 114), was the first Han dynasty eunuch with real power in government, thanks to the trust that Emperor He had in him for his contributions in overthrowing the clan of Empress Dowager Dou, particularly her autocratic brother Dou Xian. He was also a close associate of Emperor He's wife Empress Deng Sui and continued to be dominant after Emperor He's death, during her regency over his son Emperor Shang and Emperor An. He was also the first Eastern Han dynasty eunuch to be created a marquess. (The only Western Han dynasty eunuch who was created a marquess was Empress Xu Pingjun's father Xu Guanghan (許廣漢), whose creation was thanks to his relationship with his daughter and his son-in-law Emperor Xuan, not his post as a eunuch.)

Zheng was from Nanyang Commandery (roughly modern Nanyang, Henan) – the same commandery that the Eastern Han imperial clan dominated. He was described to be cautious, agile, and a deep thinker. He first served in the household of Liu Da, later Emperor Zhang, while he was still the crown prince under his father Emperor Ming. After Emperor Zhang ascended the throne in 75, Zheng Zhong was appointed as an Attendant at the Yellow Gates,. He was eventually promoted to the post of an imperial attendant (中常侍), and in the early reign of Emperor He (ca.90), he was made Prefect of the Palace Gardens.

During the time of Empress Dowager Dou's regency over Emperor He, Zheng served as the director of imperial gardens (鉤盾令). He was one of the eunuchs who did not endear himself to Empress Dowager Dou's clan. In 92, Emperor He, apparently dissatisfied with his suppression by the Dou clan, plotted a coup d'état with his brother Liu Qing the Prince of Qinghe, and Zheng. They were successful in carrying out the overthrow of the Dous, and as a reward, Emperor He promoted Zheng to the post of the Empress' palace's head of household with the title Grand Prolonger of Autumn (大長秋). Zheng accepted the post but declined most of the monetary rewards that Emperor He gave him, a fact that made Emperor He even more impressed with him. Emperor He often consulted with him on significant affairs of state, and this started a precedent of eunuchs becoming involved in imperial governance.

In 102, breaking past precedent, Emperor He created Zheng the Marquess of Chaoxiang, receiving a revenue from 1,500 households.

Zheng supported Emperor He's wife Empress Deng through the turmoils of Emperor He's death in 106 and the death of his son and successor Emperor Shang later that year. For his support, she added 300 households to his march in 107.

He died in 114, and his adopted son Zheng Hong (鄭閎) inherited his marquisate, which set another new precedent for the titles of court eunuchs.

title: Zheng Zhong


text: Category:Guinean dramatists and playwrights


text:
Los Caquitos

Los Caquitos ("The Little Thieves") is a sketch comedy of the Chespirito television comedy program that ran from 1980 to 1995. It was created by Roberto Gómez Bolaños, who also played one of the title characters, "El Chómpiras".

Origins
Originally, Chómpiras was a pickpocket and cat burglar who worked with an associate named Peterete (Ramón Valdés). Their skills in thievery were marginal, but Peterete was ostensibly the more intelligent and skilled of the pair. Together, they were known as Los Caquitos (which is roughly translated as "The Little Thieves", "caquito" being a diminutive of "caco" which is Spanish for "thief" or "hoodlum") and appeared on Chespirito's comedy programs in the 1970s, usually preceding an episode of El Chavo del Ocho or El Chapulín Colorado that did not last the full half-hour. By 1973, El Chavo episodes were all a half-hour long and did not need the filler sketches, and shorter Chapulín episodes ceased to use Caquitos sketches, so the characters virtually disappeared.

Debut on Chespirito
In 1980, a new show premiered called Chespirito, which was an-hour-long and employed all of Chespirito's characters in sketches of varying lengths. On Chespirito, El Chómpiras and Los Caquitos were revived. However, Ramón Valdés had left Chespirito's troupe in 1979, so Peterete was forgotten and replaced with Botija (Édgar Vivar). Since most of the Caquitos sketches performed on the new show were simply remakes of the ones that had appeared years before on the older ones, Botija's character was extremely similar to Peterete's, except physically, since Botija was extremely fat, and Peterete was extremely thin.

Development
The characters weren't very fleshed out (no pun intended) originally, but as Chespirito began writing new sketches for the hour-long show, some of which lasted the entire hour, their backstories became more expanded. Botija was single at first, but got married very quickly to a woman called Chimoltrufia (Florinda Meza) who had moplike hair, a chipped tooth and constantly chewed a piece of gum. She was soon established as the conscience of the sketches; often she would earn money doing a respectable job, usually cleaning or babysitting. Many episodes didn't have to do with Chómpiras's and Botija's incompetent burgling, but instead focused on life in Chimoltrufia and Botija's tiny apartment. A neighbor named Doña Nachita (Angelines Fernández) started appearing frequently and eventually became a regular. Policemen were a regular feature in Caquitos sketches, but by the mid-1980s, Rubén Aguirre became the sketch's definitive policeman, the dimwitted Sgt. Refugio. Around this time, there were many sketches that took place at the police station as the characters tried to argue their innocence after being arrested; presiding over these cases was the police chief played by Raúl Padilla, who was eventually named Licenciado Morales.

By the late 1980s, Chespirito started shifting away from Chavo and Chapulín sketches, as Chespirito and the others were getting older and less believable in those roles. The focus went to Los Caquitos, prompting a major change. Inspired by an episode of El Chavo, in which Chavo is wrongly accused of stealing, Botija and Chómpiras vow to never steal again and get honest jobs. They and Chimoltrufia eventually settle into jobs at the inexpensive Hotel Lucho, run by Don Lucho (Carlos Pouliot). Chimoltrufia was a chambermaid and always did her job to the best of her ability, but Botija and Chómpiras tried to get by doing as little work as possible.

Final years
As the years passed, Chimoltrufia became more and more prominent until she was as much of the focus of the sketch as Chómpiras, possibly more. (To call it a "sketch" is not really fair at this point; by 1992, almost all Chespirito episodes were hour-long Chómpiras "sketches".) A few changes came at that time. First, Angelines Fernández stopped appearing (presumably due to her declining health and subsequent death in 1994 from lung cancer) and was gradually replaced by Chimoltrufia's mother Espotaverderona (Anabel Gutiérrez), who looked like a plump, middle-aged version of Chimoltrufia. Also, one hotel guest began appearing regularly, her name was Maruja (María Antonieta de las Nieves) and she attracted the attention of a lot of men, especially Sgt. Refugio. Then, Don Lucho closed his hotel, and the trio had to look for other jobs. For several episodes they tried other lines of work, but in 1993 a new hotel opened, run by Don Cecilio (Moisés Suárez) and they got their old jobs back. Cecilio's hotel, Hotel Buenavista, was nicer than Don Lucho's, but the routine was just the same and some of the storylines from the early Lucho episodes were recycled. In 1994 and 1995, Chespirito started returning to its old format of presenting several different sketches during the show, but most featured a long Chómpiras sketch. In 1995, Chespirito decided to bring the whole thing to a close and stopped producing episodes.

For a short time, Édgar Vivar left the show due to health problems stemming from his weight. To explain Vivar's absence, it was written into the show that Botija was away at a weight-loss clinic, which was also the actor's real-life health situation. Vivar would return some time later, having lost a noticeable amount of weight.

Regular characters

 * El Chómpiras (1970-1995) (Roberto Gómez Bolaños) is the title character. Previously he was an "amateur" thief as he recalls, along with Peterete and later Botija. Both he and el Botija stopped being thieves after viewing an episode of El Chavo del Ocho where el Chavo was falsely accused of being a thief and ran away. The episode so touched their conscience that they gave up their criminal lives to become honorable men. Chómpiras' full name is Aquíles Esquivel Madrazo, and was only mentioned once in passing. While more dim-witted than Botija, Chompiras proved himself to be somewhat more responsible than him, as he constantly works during their days off, while the lazy Botija only rests during those days. Additionally, Chompiras is implied to be somewhat worried about his economic status, evidently due to the low salary he gets from his work, due to him always working only if somebody gives him a tip, working during his days off, and even doing another job while working at the Hotel Lucho/Buenavista, the latter which irritates the hotel's administrator. In interviews, Bolaños said that out of all of his characters, he enjoyed playing el Chómpiras the most.
 * El Peterete (1970-1978) (Ramón Valdés): El Chómpiras' original partner in crime. After Vivar's Botija character took his place, no mention was made of what happened to El Peterete. It is believed that this was due to Valdés no longer being involved with the Chespirito program, whether due to failing health or his decision to appear on Ah, Qué Kiko! with Carlos Villagrán. However, Chompiras' bio in the Chespirito website states that El Peterete left Chompiras for the latter's stupidity, and went to another city.
 * Gordon Botija (also known as El Botija) (1979-1995) (Édgar Vivar) is the second regular from 1979 to 1995. He is "large", and was also a thief along with Chómpiras. According to Chompiras' bio in the Chespirito website, Botija met Chompiras shortly after the latter was abandoned by El Peterete. Botija married Chimoltrufia, and later worked in the Hotel Buenavista. Over the length of Vivar's tenure as Botija, the character's last name has changed. In one of the earliest sketches, he claimed that his first name was "Boti" and his last name was "Ja". In other sketches, he claims his full name is "Gordon Botija y Aguado", and in others, "Gordon Botija Pompa y Pompa", both names being puns on Vivar's rotund figure. In Botija's bio in the Chespirito website, it was explained that his full name is "Gordon Botija Aguado Pompa y Pompa". The character also claims that his father was English, and that he was also a fan of Flash Gordon, hence his first name of "Gordon". In spite of constantly mistreating Chompiras, he admitted to love him like a brother when he assumed him to be in critical condition in "El Chompiras es mordido por Dracula" (1994). Following Vivar's gastric bypass surgery, he retired the character of Botija.
 * La Chimoltrufia (1980-1995) (Florinda Meza), born María Expropiación Petronila Lascuráin y Torquemada de Botija, is the wife of Botija. She has broom-like hair and works as a hotel maid. She has an extremely roundabout manner of expressing herself, a strong sense of justice, and a singing voice that could curdle milk. She is also quick to resort to physical violence against others who she thinks are doing her wrong. In some episodes, it is shown that she believes movies on TV are real, with her assuming Chompiras to be one of the main creatures of a movie (such as a vampire, an alien, etc.) In spite of being simple-minded and naive, Chimoltrufia often showed an occasional cleverness, most notably in "Las Piezas de Pan" (1993), where she managed to escape from mobster El Cuajinais' lair by tricking a drunk doctor into freeing her and later injecting the doctor with an anesthetic he was going to use on her. According to her, she was named "María Expropiación Petronila" because she was born the day of the Mexican oil expropriation (in Spanish, "Dia de la expropiacion petrolera"), so she was given that name in honor of the event. Chimoltrufia is shown to be very sensible about her age, constantly refusing to reveal in what year she was born. However, it is implied in La Llegada de Maruja - Parte 2 that she is at least 32-years-old, as she commented to Doña Nachita that she left school 12 years before the events of the episode, to which Doña Nachita, recalling that she was in school until 3rd grade of primary school, asks if she was in primary school until she was in her 20s.
 * Sargento Refugio Pasguato (1970-1995)(Ruben Aguirre/Horacio Gómez/Carlos Villagrán): Dutiful but dumb, Sargento Refugio is one of the only police characters seen working in Licenciado Morales' office. Over the years, he has become friends with Botija, Chómpiras and La Chimoltrufia. Even so, his overzealousness causes them to end up in front of Licenciado Morales. Whenever he comes to a fairly obvious conclusion, he asks Morales "¿Merezco un acenso?" (Do I deserve a raise?). He also often goes along with Chimoltrufia's assumptions of TV movies being real. He previously was a police captain, but was demoted to a grade minor to sergeant after el Licenciado told him to "arrest everyone with a criminal face", to which he arrested Licenciado. However, he managed to be promoted back to sergeant after arresting a dangerous criminal known as "El Gorilla", who tried to kill him after being released.
 * Licenciado Morales (1980-1994) (Raúl "Chato" "Padilla/Rubén Aguirre/Ramón Valdés): Sgt. Refugio's commanding officer. Also good friends with el Botija, el Chómpiras and la Chimoltrufia. At the end of almost every episode, all three of them will end up in his office, having been brought in by Sargento Refugio for some controversy.

Other characters

 * Doña Espotaverderona (1989-1995) (Anabel Gutiérrez): La Chimoltrufia's mother. She has the same mannerisms as her daughter. She and Botija can't stand each other, especially because every time she stays in their apartment, he is relegated to the couch while she takes his bed. She also shares the same hot temper as her daughter; in one episode, Sargento Refugio attempts to help her cross the street—and is beaten quite soundly. mistaking his intentions.
 * Don Cecilio (1993-1995) (Moisés Suárez): Owner of Hotel Buenavista, the hotel where Chómpiras, Botija and la Chimoltrufia work. Wears extremely thick glasses.
 * Don Lucho (1987-1992) (Carlos Pouliot): The owner of Hotel Don Lucho, where Chómpiras, Botija and la Chimoltrufia originally worked. When Pouliot elected to leave the show, his absence was explained by saying that Hotel Don Lucho needed extensive repairment due to leaks, so the trio was forced to seek jobs elsewhere.
 * Doña Nachita (1983-1993) (Angelines Fernández): La Chimoltrufia's next-door neighbor and the apartment building's gossip. She does not always get along with Botija, but is infatuated with Chómpiras. She believes in supernatural, with Nachita supporting and cementing Chimoltrufia's beliefs on supernatural.
 * Marujita (1989-1994) (María Antonieta de las Nieves): Sgt. Refugio's girlfriend, and an occasional guest at Don Cecilio's hotel—where she occasionally tries to get out of paying the bill. Although she mentions that she travels a lot for her job, her occupation was never revealed during the show's run. She and la Chimoltrufia very rarely get along, and it was hinted that Marujita was a woman of somewhat flexible morals. She is occasionally referred to disparagingly as la tal Maruja (that Maruja girl).
 * Doña Ramona Pompa y Pompa (1991-1994) (Édgar Vivar): Botija's mother. She was presented as a somewhat snobbish woman. Both she and El Botija are allergic to the smell of gardenias, and have been known to pass out.

Running gags

 * The comb: If Chómpiras angered Botija (or Peterete), the latter would take out a comb and painstakingly straighten Chómpiras's hair before giving him a hard slap on the face that sent him spinning (and disarrayed his hair). Botija's slap is so powerful that after Chómpiras spins, he staggers so violently that Botija has to hold him still to stop him before he can give the warning. His slap was even painful to Botija's hand. However, this was never the case with Peterete, as his slap only made Chompiras spin a little bit with ease. Ironically, there had been rare occasions where Botija himself was punished by Chimoltrufia in the very same way Botija punishes Chompiras.
 * The warning after the comb: After the classic comb slap, Peterete/Botija always warned Chómpiras (always starting with their catchphrase "y la próxima vez...": "And next time...") that the next time he screwed up or ticked them off again, providing a gruesome yet comical description on what they would do to him.
 * Chimoltrufia's speech patterns: Chimoltrufia had a large number of nonsensical catchphrases, usually involving malapropisms, redundancies, or just plain weird speech. One of her best known catchphrases is "¿Pa' qué le digo que no si sí?" ("Why would I tell you that it doesn't if it does?")
 * Chimoltrufia sings: While working or at home, Chimoltrufia starts to sing. However, she has a terrible singing voice. Whenever she's singing around someone else, said person tells her (at times through yelling) to not to scream, only for Chimoltrufia, believing that she is a great singer, to say that she isn't screaming but singing, and either is told to not to "sing" or keeps singing. Paradoxically, whenever Chimoltrufia is geninuely screaming, someone tells her to stop singing, to which she explains that she was actually screaming this time.
 * The elevator: Working at the hotel, Botija usually read a book or slept inside the elevator he supposedly operated. When a customer wanted to use it, he told them to use the stairs. If they demanded an explanation, he replied that the elevator couldn't carry both his weight and the customer's. When the customer suggested that Botija step out and allow him to use the elevator, Botija refused, insisting that only he could operate the elevator. The result was that the customer almost always ended up using the stairs—and lodging a complaint with Don Lucho or Don Cecilio. In one episode, the floor of the elevator gave way, and Botija was stuck, and in the episode "El cortocircuito" both Chompiras and Botija entered the partly-lifted elevator, causing it to fall and leaving half of it below the ground, proving Botija's claims to be true.
 * The tip: When working as a bellhop, Chómpiras would ask if he was going to receive a tip before he even carried any luggage, which angered Don Cecilio or Don Lucho. Oftentimes, he would refuse to carry a customer's luggage if they refused to tip him, which angered the management even more.
 * Insults: Any time Chómpiras was insulted by someone (usually Botija) calling him an idiot or animal he would reply "¿Que soy QUÉ?" (in English: "I'm WHAT?"), then the other character would repeat the insult in a louder voice, to which Chómpiras would take a completely relaxed attitude while saying "Ah, sí, sí" (in English: "Oh, yeah, yeah").
 * The police station: Chómpiras, Botija and la Chimoltrufia would almost always end up in some sort of dispute that would involve Licenciado Morales (Raúl "Chato" Padilla). He would have to shout three times for them all to be quiet, and after the third time they would stop talking—all except for Chómpiras, who almost always would have the last word.
 * Licenciado's nicknames: Throughout the series, a character (usually Chimoltrufia) ends up calling Licenciado an offensive nickname related to dogs, such as "Cara de Perro" (in English: "Dogface"), irritating Licenciado.
 * The lady who runs the drugstore around the corner: Chómpiras' on-and-off lady friend. She occasionally allows him to sleep in the trastienda (back room) of the drugstore, but occasionally a wandering eye on Chómpiras' part gets him thrown out. Although she was an occasional plot point, she was never seen onscreen during the show's run.
 * Sargento Refugio disguises himself: On a few occasions, there were criminal activities in the Hotel Lucho (or Hotel Buenavista) done covertly, forcing Sargento Refugio to infiltrate the hotel in order to prevent the crime by disguising himself with a fake moustache and a trenchcoat. However, his disguise is so poorly done that all the employees in the hotel recognize him instantly, much to the Sargento's annoyance.
 * The laundry room's door: La Chimoltrufia often hits Don Cecilio on the head with the door when entering or leaving the laundry room, making him fall comically behind the counter.

Spin-off web series
In 2016, Florinda Meza began releasing a series of web shorts starring La Chimoltrufia, with Meza reprising her role, on her YouTube channel. The series centers on Chimoltrufia as she answers a series of interviews while in her new work. During the earliest shorts, the fate of several characters from Los Caquitos were revealed, with Chompiras, Botija Doña Nachita, Licenciado Morales, and Sargento Refugio having passed away (reflecting how, aside from Botija actor Edgar Vivar, each of those characters' actors have passed away), while Chimoltrufia and Maruja ended up strained, and Don Cecilio had to close his hotel.

title: Los Caquitos


text: User talk:84.68.42.99

title: User talk:84.68.42.99


text:
Katz (surname)

Katz is a common German Ashkenazi Jewish surname.

Germans with the last name Katz may originate in the Rhine River region of Germany, where the Katz Castle is located. (The name of the castle does not derive from Katze, "cat", but from Katzenelnbogen, going back to Latin Cattimelibocus, consisting of the ancient Germanic tribal names of the Chatti and Melibokus.)

Where it is a Jewish surname, Katz or Katzenellenbogen is almost always a Hebrew abbreviation (כּ״ץ, Kaf (a) Tzaddi, or Ka-Tz) formed from the initials of the term Kohen Tzedek ("priest of justice", "authentic priest"), indicating descent from Jewish priests (although not all Jewish Katzes are in fact descended from priests).

The full form Kohen Tzedek appears as a surname or title in a number of medieval sources, while the acronym Katz has been used since the seventeenth century, or perhaps somewhat earlier. The expression may be derived from Melchizedek ("king of righteousness"), who is called "the priest of the most high God", or perhaps from : "Let thy priests be clothed with righteousness (tzedeq)".

If the reading is correct, this abbreviation occurs on a tombstone, dated 1536, in the cemetery of Prague. It is found also on a tombstone of the year 1618 in Frankfurt, in the books of the Soncino family of Prague of the seventeenth century, and in one of the prefaces to Shabbethai ben Meïr ha-Kohen's notes on the Choshen Mishpat (Amsterdam, 1663).

An alternative theory suggests that Katz is an abbreviation of Kohen Tzadok (meaning the name-bearer is of patrilineal priestly descent of the Sons of Zadok).

The use of the abbreviated and Germanicized Katz likely coincided with the imposition of German names on Jews in Germany in the 18th and 19th centuries. Jews with the surname Katzenelenbogen may also have shortened their surname to Katz upon arrival in America.

People

 * Abraham Katz (1926–2013), American diplomat, United States Ambassador to the OECD
 * Ada Katz (born 1928), American artist's model
 * Albert Katz (1858–1923), writer
 * Alex Katz (born 1927), American artist
 * Alex Katz (baseball) (born 1994), American baseball player
 * Allan Katz (born 1941), American comedy writer
 * Allan J. Katz (born 1947), American ambassador to Portugal
 * Amir Katz (born 1973), Israeli-born musician
 * Andrew Katz, drummer of Car Seat Headrest
 * Andy Katz (born 1968), American college basketball journalist
 * Sir Bernard Katz (1911–2003), German-born British biophysicist
 * Boris Katz (born 1947), American computer scientist
 * Burt Katz (1937–2016), American restaurateur
 * Charles Katz (1927–1974), American mathematician and computer scientist
 * Daniel Katz (psychologist) (1903–1998), American psychologist
 * Daniel Katz (born 1938), Finnish author
 * Daniel Katz (politician) (born 1961), Argentine politician and former mayor of Mar del Plata, Argentina
 * Danny Katz (columnist), Australian columnist and author
 * Daryl Katz, Canadian drug store owner, owner of Edmonton Oilers
 * David Katz (author), British music historian and journalist
 * Dovid Katz, Lithuanian-American Yiddishist and academic
 * Elias Katz, Finnish 3,000-meter team steeplechase Olympic champion
 * Elie Katz, former mayor of Teaneck, New Jersey, United States
 * Elihu Katz, American sociologist
 * Emmanuel Mané-Katz, Ukraine-born Israeli artist
 * Erez Katz (born 1980), Israeli basketball player
 * Erich Katz (1900–1973), German-born musicologist and Jewish refugee
 * Ethan Katz (born 1983), American assistant pitching coach for the San Francisco Giants
 * Gary Katz, American music producer
 * Haim Katz, Israeli politician
 * Harold Katz, American entrepreneur
 * Harold A. Katz (1921–2012), American lawyer and politician
 * Ian Katz, British journalist (born in South Africa)
 * Israel Katz, Israeli politician
 * Jackson Katz, creator of gender violence prevention and education program Mentors in Violence Prevention
 * Jacob Katz, Israeli historian
 * Jane Katz, competitive swimmer and author of successful swimming books
 * Jane Lobman Katz (1931–1986), American activist
 * Jay Katz (disambiguation), name/pseudonym for several people
 * Jeff Katz, American film producer and comic book author
 * Jeffrey Owen Katz, American scientist
 * Jeffry Katz, American music producer
 * Jerrold Katz, American philosopher and linguist
 * Joanne Katz, American professor
 * Joel D. Katz, Canadian psychologist and researcher
 * Joette Katz (born 1953), American attorney
 * Jon Katz (born 1947), American journalist and writer
 * Jonathan Katz (born 1946), American comedian, actor, and voice actor
 * Jonathan David Katz (born 1958), American professor
 * Jonathan Ned Katz (born 1938), historian of LGBT American history
 * Joseph Katz (disambiguation)
 * Judah Katz, Canadian actor
 * Katriel Katz (1908–1988), Israeli diplomat
 * Lawrence F. Katz (born 1959), American economist
 * Louise Katz, Australian writer of fantasy and young adult fiction
 * Leo Katz, jurist
 * Leo Katz (1914–1976), American statistician
 * (1892–1954), Austrian writer
 * Leon Katz (1919–2017), professor emeritus of drama at Yale University
 * Leon Katz (1909–2004), Canadian physicist
 * Liz Katz, American cosplayer and actress whose credits include Guest House and Borderlands 3
 * Mabel Katz, Argentinian-American speaker and TV show host
 * Martin Katz (disambiguation)
 * Maxim Katz, Russian politician and activist
 * Michael S. Katz, American Chef, restaurateur and Educator
 * Mickey Katz, American comedian and musician
 * Mike Katz, American bodybuilder
 * Mikhail Katz, Israeli mathematician and professor
 * Miriam Katz (born 1931), birth name of Miriam Zohar, Israeli actress
 * Nathan Katz (professor), American professor
 * Nathan Katz (poet), Alsatian poet
 * Nets Katz, mathematician
 * Nicholas Katz, American mathematician
 * Omri Katz, American-Israeli actor
 * Otto Katz, agent of the Soviet Union
 * Paul Katz, American cellist
 * Phil Katz, American computer programmer
 * Phoebe Cates (born Phoebe Belle Katz), American actress
 * Ralph Katz, American bridge player
 * Randy H. Katz, UC Berkeley professor
 * Raphael Katz, American politician
 * Rita Katz, terrorism analyst and the co-founder of the Search International Terrorist Entities (SITE) Intelligence Group, a private intelligence firm based in Washington, D.C.
 * Richard H. Katz, American bridge player
 * Robert Katz (1933–2010), American novelist, screenwriter, and non-fiction author
 * Ronald A. Katz, inventor
 * Ron Katz (born 1985), Israeli politician
 * Rudolf Katz (1895–1961), German judge and politician
 * Ryan Katz (born 1976), American professional wrestler billed as "GQ Money"
 * Sam Katz, mayor of Winnipeg, Manitoba
 * Samuel Katz (disambiguation)
 * Sandor Katz (born 1962), American DIY writer and food activist
 * Sheila Moriber Katz (1943–2023), American pathologist
 * Sheldon Katz (born 1956), American mathematician
 * Shmuel Katz (artist) (1926–2010), Israeli artist
 * Sidney A. Katz, mayor of Gaithersburg, Maryland
 * Simon Katz, English songwriter and multi-instrumentalist
 * Steve Katz (disambiguation), several people
 * Steve Katz (writer) (1935–2019), American writer
 * Steve Katz (musician) (born 1945), American musician
 * Steven T. Katz (born 1944), Jewish philosopher
 * Steven A. Katz (born 1959), writer of the screenplay Shadow of the Vampire
 * Steve Katz (politician) (born 1953), veterinarian and member of the New York State Assembly
 * Stephen Katz (writer) (1946–2005), American teacher and screenwriter
 * Stephen M. Katz (cinematographer)
 * Sky Katz, American rapper and actress
 * Tamar Katz, Israeli figure skater living in the United States
 * Tuvia Katz (born 1936), Israeli artist
 * Vera Katz (1933–2017), American politician
 * Welwyn Wilton Katz, Canadian children's author
 * William Loren Katz (1927–2019), American historian, specializing in African American history
 * Yossi Katz, Israeli politician
 * Yossi Katz (geographer), Israeli professor in political geography
 * Zebra Katz, American rapper

title: Katz (surname)


text: Category:College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin


text:
User:BishopKaras

Love Never Fails- 1 Corinthians 13:8

title: User:BishopKaras


text:
User talk:EBCubs03

Image Tagging Image:Wikin-next.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Wikin-next.gif. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, ie in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use .)  See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thanks so much. --Secretlondon 05:04, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:EBCubs03


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/N-next

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 07:41, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

N-next
Non-notable website advertising Secretlondon 05:08, 4 October 2005 (UTC) Delete Non-notable fansite --Nv8200p (talk)`
 * Delete Another webforum ad -- ( ☺ drini ♫ | ☎ ) 05:09, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ad. utcursch | talk 11:41, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/N-next


text:
User talk:Poutyshorty

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! - Graham/pianoman87 talk 06:04, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Poutyshorty


text:
Arve Moen Bergset

Arve Moen Bergset (born 13 March 1972) is a Norwegian traditional folk singer, hardanger fiddler, and classical violinist. He is known both for his solo works as well as for his works with Bukkene Bruse.

Life and career
He was born in Sandnessjøen, Nordland County in 1972. When he was five, he moved to Vinje, an area with rich folk music traditions. Odd Nordstoga was among his childhood friends. At eight, he started taking song lessons with Sondre Bratland. He released two albums of folk and traditional religious music as a boy singer in 1986 (Litle Fuglen, cassette) and Arvesølv in 1987. For Arvesølv, he won the Spellemannprisen award in the category of traditional music.

Bergset is a member of Bukkene Bruse, a Norwegian folk music group, for whom he sings and plays the violin.

In 1994, Bergset was an Olympic musician at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer.

Parallel to his folk music career, he is a classical musician, educated at the Norwegian Academy of Music. He has played with the Norwegian Chamber Orchestra and is since 2003 employed as a violinist in the Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra.

Bergset played the solo part in the recording of the two Hardanger Fiddle Concertos by Geirr Tveitt with the Stavanger Symphony Orchestra in September 1999, under the direction of Ole Kristian Ruud.

Arve Moen Bergset also performs with his wife, pianist Gudrun Skretting. Their daughter Margrete (Maggie) was a finalist in the Norwegian Melodi Grand Prix Junior 2008. The family lives in Billingstad, Akershus County.

Solo records

 * Litle fuglen (1986, cassette)
 * Arvesølv (1987)
 * Religiøse folketonar (1997)

As soloist

 * Johan Kvandal: Fantasia for hardingfele og orkester (1999 – soloist with hardanger fiddle)) with Kristiansand kammerorkester and conductor Jan Stigmer.
 * Stephen Frost: Bassoon Concerto; Oboe Concerto; The Lesson (2000 – soloist as classical singer at the Lesson) with Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra and conductor Tony Harrison
 * Geirr Tveitt: To konsertar for hardingfele og orkester (2002 – soloist with hardanger fiddle) with Stavanger Symphony Orchestra and conductor Ole Kristian Ruud
 * Johan Halvorsens Fossegrimen, Greetings to Roosevelt (2002 – soloist with hardanger fiddle) with Latvian National Symphony Orchestra.

With Bukkene Bruse
See Bukkene Bruse

title: Arve Moen Bergset


text:
Iron City Houserockers

The Iron City Houserockers were an American rock band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, led by the singer and guitarist Joe Grushecky, from 1976 to 1984.

History
Started in 1976 as the Brick Alley Band by Grushecky, a high school special education teacher in Pittsburgh, the band was a fairly typical bar band. It was distinguished by Grushecky's taut, focused songs about life in the heartland and a distinctive, harmonica-and-guitar-driven sound owing much to the Rolling Stones and the J. Geils Band, but which also seemed to borrow the thrashing fury of punk rock. Most of the members of the Iron City Houserockers came from a genuine blue-collar background: Art Nardini was the son of a mechanic and a part-time college student, Joe Grushecky was a coal miner's son, and Gil Snyder's father was a construction worker. In 1977 they signed with Cleveland International Records, headed by former Epic Records A&R chief and Pittsburgh native Steve Popovich. Popovich christened them the Iron City Houserockers, but this caused some problems when touring outside their native Pittsburgh—when they played Cleveland their tires were slashed. The band's debut album, Love's So Tough, was released in April 1979. With dense, no-frills production by Popovich and Marty Mooney (“The Slimmer Twins”), the album successfully captured the band's live sound. "Hideaway" (the first single) and "Dance With Me" were viewed as standout cuts.

The band's follow-up album, Have a Good Time but Get Out Alive!, was featured in Rolling Stone magazine as its showcase review, with the headline "New American Classic", and The Village Voice called it "the strongest album an American band has made this year." The tandem tavern-set tracks "Old Man Bar" and "Junior's Bar" were especially praised. Production was credited to the Slimmer Twins and Mick Ronson, with arrangements by Ian Hunter and Steven Van Zandt. According to the liner notes within Pumping Iron & Sweating Steel: The Best of the Iron City Houserockers, Van Zandt left after producing five songs, because of musical differences between him, Hunter and Ronson.

The Houserockers' third album, Blood on the Bricks, was produced by Steve Cropper. The 1983 edition of Rolling Stone Record Guide praised it as the band's best album, although it had good marks for all of them.

The band then changed its name to simply the Houserockers to avoid the geographic limitation the "Iron City" moniker had put them in. It also shed the harmonica player Marc Reisman. Ned Rankin quit and was replaced by Ron "Byrd" Foster (from the recently disbanded Silencers, previously with Sweet Lightning and Roy Buchanan's band), and Gil Snyder added synthesizers to his trademark piano and organ. The subsequent album, Cracking Under Pressure, like all the band's previous efforts, drew critical raves but did not sell well. The band was dropped from MCA Records, shortly after the album's release, and broke up a few months later.

Joe Grushecky went on to a modestly successful career on his own, often under the name Joe Grushecky and the Houserockers. He has co-written several songs with another heartland rocker, Bruce Springsteen, and made a number of appearances on stage with him.

The Iron City Houserockers' first two albums, Love's So Tough and Have a Good Time but Get Out Alive! were released on compact disc in 1999. Blood on the Bricks and Cracking Under Pressure are still unreleased on CD, but cuts from both albums are included on Pumping Iron & Sweating Steel: The Best of the Iron City Houserockers.

Ron "Byrd" Foster died at the age of 61 on June 30, 2011, in Deltona, Florida, from liver cancer.

Lineup

 * Joe Grushecky, rhythm guitar, vocals
 * Gary Scalese, lead guitar (first album)
 * Eddie Britt, lead guitar (second, third and fourth albums)
 * Art Nardini, bass
 * Gil Snyder, keyboards, accordion
 * Ned Rankin, drums (first three albums, Rock & Real)
 * Ron "Byrd" Foster, drums (Cracking Under Pressure)
 * Clay "Marty" Moore, guitar (live performances only, 1984)
 * Marc Reisman, harmonica (first three albums, True Companion)
 * Joffo Simmons, drums, percussion (after the fourth album)
 * Bill Toms, guitars (after fourth album)
 * Joe Pelesky, keyboards (after fifth album)
 * Bob Boyer, soundman (first four albums)
 * Jay Flory, road manager, lights
 * Johnny Grushecky, acoustic guitar (A Good Life and East Carson Street)
 * Danny Gochnour, lead guitar (joined 2006; "East Carson Street", "Not Dead Yet")
 * John Farr, stage manager, guitar tech
 * Bob Matso, keyboards, vocal (Stand Up/Victory)
 * Jeff "Swizz" Sinicki, guitar and drums tech

Albums

 * 1979: Love's So Tough
 * 1980: Have a Good Time but Get Out Alive!
 * 1981: Blood on the Bricks
 * 1983: Cracking Under Pressure (as "The Houserockers")

Compilation albums

 * 1992: Pumping Iron & Sweating Steel: The Best of the Iron City Houserockers

Singles

 * 1979: "Hideaway"
 * 1980: "Hypnotized"
 * 1980: "Junior's Bar"
 * 1980: "We're Not Dead Yet"
 * 1981: "Friday Night"

title: Iron City Houserockers


text:
User:Fvw/POPBot/archive/from-the-blocklist-socks-proxies-2005-10-04

Whee, I'm an open proxy, and my lucky number is 11284032408285!


text:
Talk:Yevgeny Adamov

Old talk
Funny how the west trusted these guys. Starting with Boris Berezovsky, all those Boris Yeltsin's appointee seem to be very predictable.

title: Talk:Yevgeny Adamov


text:
William R. Linfoot

William R. Linfoot, also known as Billy Linfoot, was an American polo player.

Biography
He was a nine-goal player. He won three U.S. Open Polo Championships, three Butler Handicap titles, five National Twenty-Goal Championships, and the North American Cup. He won three Coronation Cups, and competed twice for the Cup of the Americas.

In 1968, he was one of six polo instructors hired by the Polo Training Foundation to teach polo at Cornell University, Yale University, and the Southern Arizona School for Boys. He also taught Monty Roberts, Richard Shrake, Pat Parelli, and actor Tommy Lee Jones.

He was inducted into the Museum of Polo and Hall of Fame on March 17, 1994.

title: William R. Linfoot