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Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Cricket/Archive 11

Cricket article style guide
I've had a bash at adding a new section on the WP:Cricket project page (at the bottom) to reflect the above discussion on initials and a couple of other (what I thought were) agreed styles. Still needs a sentence or two on scoring formats though. -- Ian ≡ talk 04:45, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Do New Zealand use 1/141 for a team score? I thought it was only Australia? Stephen Turner 06:38, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I added that one because I thought they did - I might be wrong, I'll check some Kiwi news sources. Sam Vimes 06:42, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Hm, appears that was wrong.  and  Sam Vimes 06:47, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Seems okay, though personally I still think that "4-17" looks nicer than "4/17" for bowling figures, and distinguishes it from "4/17" as an Australian team score; I'm inclined to carry on with the hyphens (they're not links after all, so it's less important than cricketers' names), though if others change it then I certainly have better things to do than to revert. Maybe doing a Wisden and writing four for 17 would solve the problem. I think I've also seen some Bangladesh-related articles (not on WP) use the "Australian" format for team scores, though I don't know whether this is usual there or whether it's simply that the authors were Australians. Loganberry (Talk) 23:06, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm happy with 4-17 for bowlers if there's consensus -- Ian ≡ talk 23:41, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
 * And if there's a consensus against it, then of course I'm willing to change to 4/17. Loganberry (Talk) 12:49, 24 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Personally, I tend to write "four wickets for 17 runs" - it's cumbersome, but it explains terminology a little bit better to people who aren't that familiar with the sport. I think, anyway. Don't really care anyway, but 4-17 looks nicer. Sam Vimes 16:18, 26 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Can we put this to bed as something like: Bowling format: Use "4-17" or "four wickets for 17 runs", depending on the article creator's personal preference? -- Ian ≡ talk 14:23, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

IMHO, team scores should be given in the format "240/4" or "240 for 4" (ie WP should not use the Australian style of "4/240" or "4 for 240". Bowlers' stats should be given as "4/17" or "4 for 17". It also sounds like we should have somewhere separate to record our conclusions on styles - Manual of style (cricket) or WikiProject Cricket/Manual of style perhaps? jguk 20:43, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

 * We have. See: WP:Cricket Cricket article style guide section (at bottom), which seems to me to be a pefectly sensible place for it. -- Ian ≡ talk 13:08, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Why shouldn't they be given as 4 for 240 if the teams in question are both Australian? No point in imposing on the Australian readers an unfamiliar notation - as WP guidelines say, use the language relevant to the country in question. Sam Vimes 20:45, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The 240 for 4 notation will not be unfamiliar to Australians as it is used enough in international cricket. Australia is alone in the cricketing world in using this format, and it makes sense to have just one standard on WP, jguk 20:52, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh well, I'd like some Aussie opinion. Personally I don't mind too much as long as it's the same within the article Sam Vimes 21:06, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd definitely prefer to see articles about Australian cricket use the Australian format. Cricinfo can so why can't we? . As stated above: use the language relevant to the country in question. -- Ian ≡ talk 12:00, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I've replaced the disputed tags with a simple comment mentioning that the section is disputed, since the tag refers to the factual accuracy of something being disupted, whereas this argument is a matter of opinion rather than a question of fact. Loganberry (Talk) 12:23, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

How about 240/4w ? --PopUpPirate 13:18, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Recently updated articles
What about creating a seperate page for recently updated articles ? In the current form it can support very few. Tintin 18:28, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Invitations
I've just gone ahead and invited a couple of old cricket contributors. I was thinking of making a welcome template to greet new signups. I'll store it here Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Cricket/hello and subst: to the signee's talk page. How's this: Please feel free to contribute/word it. ''Hi! Welcome to Wikiproject! We hope ....''' =Nichalp   «Talk»=  13:04, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I dislike templates for hi-things and welcome-things, personally. It gets a bit less personal then Sam Vimes 21:42, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

2005 English cricket season - finally over
(also, see Wikipedia talk:Centralized discussion/Sports results for a bit on what has prompted these comments)

Woohoo! ;) Sorry for having caused so much bother with these articles - on the amount of bad publicity it's given WP:Cricket, it could be argued that the whole thing should perhaps be tossed in the big deletion dustbin. ;) Now that it is in the Wikipedia database, however, I suppose we need to decide (really, honestly, no three lines of discussion and get it over with) what to do with these articles. It's perhaps a bit stupid to take it here since it's mainly me and jguk who edits these articles, but as they're relevant to cricket and I'd value all opinions, I'm going to put it here.

Personally, I say we need to merge them - I know jguk disagrees, but IMO we've repeated so many times over that we're going to merge them, and in any case a sporting match is utterly non-notable out of its context within the season - a bit like a concert is non-notable out of its tour (wow. I'm sounding like a deletionist). The question then becomes - how? Any friendly admins willing to help with the final stage? Or are we just going to defend these woefully inadequate (standing on their own) part-articles ad absurdum? It just seems so pointless to create more and more work for ourselves when we know they're going to be AfDed again and again and again.

Also, I doubt this is a good method to start the 2005-06 seasons with - either we should write the match reports as parts of single competitions, or we should give a toss about the mirror sites and use the method that jguk started the 2005 season with last year (preceding the part-articles with Wikipedia:WikiProject Cricket), or we should use subst after every match and store the part-articles in Wikipedia:WikiProject Cricket namespace (not sure what this would achieve, apart from ease of editing for people who don't get transclusion - but if we keep good enough lists of the relevant part-articles, which is done anyway, then it would basically be almost the same amount of work as the current method).

Anything else that ought to be done? Sectioning the team pages into months, and also rewriting the lead-in and weaving that into the article (because at the moment it might not be entirely clear what competition each match belongs to, nor its context within the season). A bit of a language and NPOV clean-up? Sam Vimes 21:42, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Personally, I think you sound like a mergist! I reckon the content should be merged.  Apart from anything, we currently have two sets of articles that look funny (the season articles and the match articles).  All the articles should be subst'ed and then streamlined: I am happy to do some of this work if I have the time.  I think then that the match articles themselves should be deleted.  This is mainly because I can't think where to redirect them.  On the other hand, I guess they could be redirected to the generic 2005 English cricket season article, or the relevant section of that.  If WP:Cricket wants to get a better reputation, we have to do something with these.  We can't just ignore community consensus: people don't want these articles on their own.  Hell, I don't want them on their own.   [[Sam Korn ]] 21:52, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Fairly obvious where to redirect them to, IMO - 2005 English cricket season (15 April-30 April) and following articles. Assuming we keep those. Otherwise, agree 100 % Sam Vimes 21:57, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Saurav Ganguly
The article about Saurav Ganguly is having trouble with vandals at the moment. It would be helpful if some other people could add it to their watchlists, and revert any NPOV-ness as quickly as possible. The article is pretty bad at the moment, but there's no reason to allow it to get worse. Thanks. Stephen Turner 14:12, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Link spam?
This IP editor has added links to his site to a number of pages. Not sure whether to retain them or clean up. They are not irrelevant, but not too good either. Tintin 22:41, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * How do you know it's his own site? I've seen links to this site on Pakistani cricketer articles before. I always imagined it was just a popular site among Pakistani cricket lovers. Stephen Turner 12:27, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * My complaint is that they are not particularly well-written, authentic or 'good'. I wouldn't have bothered about them otherwise. I am not sure about the popularity, but all the links in Pakistani (& Lillee) player pages were added by three IP editors in CA- 192.212.11.40, 216.226.168.4 and 129.212.11.23 Tintin 12:45, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I haven't read the targets, but I would say if they're not any good, get rid of them (WP:BOLD). Stephen Turner 13:03, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Nathan Jacob Samuels / Dane Stern
These two were allegedly both involved in the "2005 Ashes sex scandal", but given that you'd think they'd have rather better Google Test results ... I'm putting both articles up on AfD as hoaxes - here for Samuels and here for Stern. I made a bit of a hash of the nomination procedure thanks to a combination of hopeless unresponsiveness and personal idiocy (eg writing "Joseph" for "Jacob"), but I think they're right now. I mention this here in case I've made some terrible mistake and these two do in fact exist. Loganberry (Talk) 14:36, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Hmmm.....something smells a bit fishy! By some strange coincidence Joshua Milston was in the same class as Dane Stern and Nathan Jacob Samuels: I've nominated that one for deletion too. Well spotted Loganberry! Vivenot 15:03, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Cricketer with most categories
Kepler Wessels has 21! Can you beat that? -- Ian ≡ talk 16:25, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Maybe we should start a new Category:Cricketers in more than 15 other categories. Stephen Turner 16:37, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Is that a challenge to create more categories? :) Guettarda 16:38, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

SVG: feedback
Feedback needed: How is this image: thumb? =Nichalp  «Talk»=  06:48, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Far too small to make anything out, jguk 07:22, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It's svg, you can scale it up; should I increase the font size then? I've drawn it to scale, so that's why it looks tiny. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  07:27, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

What about this blank ODI field image? =Nichalp  «Talk»=  07:27, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Fielding positions; plz check
I plan to replace this image with an SVG version. Please let me know if there are any missing positions/ inaccurate positions. Thanks! =Nichalp  «Talk»=  11:09, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I also want to know which of these positions come inside the 15 yard circle. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  11:14, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Quick comments: I would say gully is standing a bit deep, and the high-numbered slips are maybe too far forward. There is no "cover", only variants of cover. I like the way this picture shows the "short", "square" etc. prefixes. Stephen Turner 11:23, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the corrections. I didn't see any cover on the image though. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  11:38, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I was unclear. I meant that the picture has no cover, but it should have. Stephen Turner 11:49, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * You shdn't hesitate to go with even larger circles. Picture looks cramped and very crowded in its present size. --Peripatetic 22:56, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I've drawn it almost to scale. (10px=1m) But I'll have exaggerate the 15 yard circle a bit for the fielding positions diagram. I'm not sure what you mean by cramped. The image is an SVG image, ie a vector image that can be scaled to any resolution without pixellation. Full size =Nichalp   «Talk»=  07:19, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Edit war at ICC Super Series 2005
I'd like to draw everyone's attention to an edit war taking place at ICC Super Series 2005 at the moment between PaddyBriggs — who is claiming most statisticians won't accept the matches as official Tests and ODIs and so is putting all instances of "Test" and "ODI" in quotes — and jguk and myself who are basically reverting his changes. Stephen Turner 10:07, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * My take on this is that the ICC has stated that these games are official ODIs and Tests and that therefore we should report them as such. As an encyclopaedia we report, we do not decide. We can, do, and should note the concern expressed by many cricket statisticians and historians. The two points Paddy is looking for are strengthening up the opposition to suggest that statisticians and historians are the determiners of official status and to place Test and ODI in quotation marks - so that we imply throughout that they may not be proper Tests and ODIs. Other views would be welcome, jguk 10:38, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * While I agree with all jguk's points, may I suggest we keep the discussion on the article's talk page so that we don't end up having the same discussion in two places? Stephen Turner 10:44, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Related issue: which stats in infoboxes?
However, there is a related issue, which it is perhaps best to discuss on this page. We did discuss it briefly before, but it might be as well to bring it up again and reach a conclusion.

The issue is, which set of stats are we to use for the players' infoboxes — the stats including the disputed matches (which I shall refer to as the ICC stats), or the stats without those matches (which I shall refer to as the Bill Frindall stats, as he seems to be the chief spokesman for the exclusionists)?

We already have this issue for ODIs because of the Tsunami match and the Asia vs Africa matches. I think we always use the ICC stats, if only because that's what we get from Cricinfo. It's certainly the case for Brian Lara and Shoaib Akhtar, whom I just checked.

My own view is that the ICC made a mistake awarding official status to these matches. I didn't mind too much about the ODIs, but I think the Test match is a big mistake. However, I think that what the ICC say has to be taken as the official view, and the one we should report. I think we should add this to the style guide box.

Would anyone else like to comment?

Stephen Turner 11:48, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I think we have to go with the ICC stats. It's WP's role to report, not to decide. If the "alternative" stats gain currency (and if Frindall carries out what he says, they will gain some currency), we can always add a short footnote to the ICC-defined stats later, jguk 14:54, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Off-topic - I agree with jguk's position - but I just wanted to say that I'm just completely baffled as to why the ICC has decided to meddle with Test statistics in this manner. 130 years' worth of records is about to get tampered with. Does anyone know what their rationale was? --Peripatetic 23:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC) P.S. I hope Frindall sticks to his guns.

 * The rationale? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$, jguk 06:26, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

I've always gone with cricinfo's stats when I do the infoboxes, for no particular reason other than it's easiest for me. It would be unfortunate if two different sets of stats develop for a whole lot of players, not just unfortunate for Wikipedia but for any user of cricket stats. Personally I can sympathise with the arguements for both sides, but I tend to lean towards including the matches. Tests and ODIs are supposed to be the highest form of cricket, so if a match between two countries is Test/ODI quality, a match between the best players from all those countries must surely be Test/ODI quality. However there would be an inconsistancy if these games were included: what about the 1971/72 series in Australia, or World Series Cricket? There are down sides either way. Raven4x4x 06:29, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Another factor in favour of using Cricinfo (and CricketArchive) stats is that they make it very easy for readers to verify the figures given in Wikipedia articles. I don't agree with all of them (for me Hobbs will always have 197 hundreds, not 199) but they are solid, respected sites to cite in support of our own writing. I think jguk's comment above about using ICC stats but adding a note if necessary is sensible: after all, the Hobbs article refers to the discrepancy already, presumably because the 197 figure is so widely known. Loganberry (Talk) 13:17, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

It seems like we're all agreed to include these in the statistics (even if we don't agree whether they should be official internationals). I've added this to the style guide. Stephen Turner 15:31, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

C L R James again
I tried to move C L R James to CLR James per the consensus that emerged when we discussed this before. But I was unable to do so because the target page already existed (even though it was just a redirect back to the same article).

It seems that I'm now meant to go Requested moves to get the move done, but it also seems that that page is really for moves which are controversial and need discussion. There's a five-day wait period, plus an unknown backlog. In this case we've reached consensus and I really don't want to have to go through the whole debate about correct name forms again. So I'm wondering if there's any way to bypass this and get a friendly admin to move the pages. Any suggestions?

Stephen Turner 12:18, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Try a friendly admin - if you list it on Requested Moves it'll get moved to C. L. R. James in line with the standard WP naming convention, jguk 12:39, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Ahem, CLR James. I haven't corrected the double redirects, there are two, so someone please correct them. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  15:22, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Featured article candidates
I've taken a punt and added West Indian cricket team and History of Test cricket (1890 to 1900) to Featured article candidates. I'm not looking for blind "support" votes, which won't go down well anyway - but useful and constructive comments will be welcome, jguk 15:12, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I've objected. It needs a lot of work, and I've stalled after reviewing two paragraphs. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  18:01, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Articles for deletion/Coventry and North Warwicks Cricket Club
Cricket club up for deletion. Not sure what to do with this one myself - would value some input Sam Vimes 20:11, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd say (and am saying!) keep; a number of factors in its favour which, while possibly not quite enough on their own, probably are when taken together. The Birmingham and District Premier League article is a bit of a mess, though, which may not have helped its case at first. Loganberry (Talk) 13:31, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Need cricket ball photo urgently
As you may have noticed, there is currently a purge going on of images with no source. A few hundred are being deleted every day. One such image is Image:Cricketball.jpg, which is used on about 500 cricket articles (all cricket stubs). There is a high chance that this image could disappear at any time.

This is surely an easy photo to reproduce. I know people have offered before to take a new one, but no-one has actually come up with one. Has anyone got access to a new ball and a digital camera? The photo should be taken on a plain background avoiding a big shadow. Any volunteers?

Stephen Turner 12:09, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I added a note to the image page, linked to this discussion - if someone can phrase it better, please do. Hopefully most admins considering deletion will give us a chance to find an appropriate image.  Guettarda 12:22, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Done, thanks. It should hold them off for a bit, but we won't be given for ever. Any southerners buying new balls for the start of the summer about now? Stephen Turner 13:05, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * You'd think such a picture would be easy to find, but no... the only definitely PD pic I could find was the one we've all seen before, Image:Cricket ball G&M.jpg, which is hardly on a plain backrground! Loganberry (Talk) 13:35, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * As luck would have it, I was handed responsibility for the kit this week, including an almost completely full box of brand new Kookaburra balls. I took a few pics with the blankest background I could find (a sheet of white paper). I'm no photography expert, but these were my best:

 * Image:Cricketball_01.jpg
 * Image:Cricketball_02.jpg
 * Image:Cricketball_03.jpg
 * Image:Cricketball_04.jpg
 * The glare from the flash is pretty bad on some of them, but I'm never home till dusk anyway so I had no choice. Hopefully they will suffice. AlbinoMonkey (Talk) 08:34, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Excellent! Thank you! The new cricket ball can now be seen on a cricket stub near you. Stephen Turner 19:14, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * *Beaten to it I suppose you could say! This image though has always been lingering on my hard drive so if it of any help at all at any time Image:dksball.png --kroome111 21:42, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

West Indies Cricket Board flags
The tag for Image:West Indies Cricket Board Flag.png has been changed from PD-flag to FOTWpic - "under a non-commercial-use only licence", apparently - which means we can't use it. Personally I don't see why we couldn't use logo, but maybe I'm missing something.

Also, there are now no less than three WICB flags in use on Wikipedia:

 * Image:West Indies Cricket Board Flag.png
 * Image:West Indies Cricket Board Flag.PNG
 * Image:West Indies Cricket Board Flag.jpg

Can we decide which one is best, and stick to it? Loganberry (Talk) 13:43, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The first one is the best. I thought the WI flag was more maroon. Should I have a go at the red? =Nichalp   «Talk»=  10:14, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Agreed with your choice, and by all means have a go at the colours. Make sure you use a tag that's not going to get the current "will be considered for deletion" notice attached to it if you do change it, though; as I say, I'd be inclined to use logo but I don't have a strong objection if you can think of a better one. Loganberry (Talk) 00:38, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Cricket field positions - 2
Please check if all positions are correct. I've tried to include all possible fielding positions from various sources. =Nichalp  «Talk»=  14:02, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It should say somewhere on the diagram that this is for a right-handed batsman. Stephen Turner 14:22, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I've included it on the image page. Also mentioned something on around/over the wicket there. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  14:35, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I would prefer to see it on the diagram in case people don't click through to the image page. For the same reason, it would be good to keep the number of abbreviations to a minimum -- is there not room to spell out the three deep square legs? And the two umpires could both be labelled "Umpire" instead of "UMP" and "SL-UMP".

 * I think four slips, or five at the outside, is enough (except when Harminson's playing against the West Indies, of course — but I mean enough for the diagram).

 * These are only minor nitpicks. It's already one of the best diagrams of its kind that I've seen.

 * Stephen Turner 15:15, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I'll try and expand those acronyms+Righties, but I'll have to reduce the font size to make them fit. As for the slips, I'm more of an inclusionist, and would prefer to show the full slip cordon. Note:I've marked the minor slips (5-9) with smaller dots. Nine slips have been employed in the past (image:Nine slips.jpg). I've used the help of that image to position all nine slips in the diagram. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  17:05, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Which field positions are known as the "Sweeper" and "Cover Sweeper"? =Nichalp  «Talk»=  08:04, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

West Indian cricket team pictures
Does anyone have some freely licensed pictures to illustrate the West Indian cricket team article? I'm trying to get this to be a featured article, but probably need more piccis. We don't seem to have much already on WP, jguk 18:43, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * How about getting magazine and book covers featuring the WI team? IMO they are more fair than stealing photos. The captions would have to be carefully worded though. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  05:56, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure the law regards them any differently. Except for the purpose of commenting on the magazine/book rather than the subjects of the photo. Stephen Turner 08:45, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Indeed, the various cover templates (bookcover, albumcover, magazinecover etc.) have recently been updated to reflect this. --Ngb?!? 09:34, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I meant this: if we could weave the name of the book into the text, we could possibly add this image: . We would be discussing the book, and at the same time will have a f.u. image. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  10:13, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Quote: "the use of low-resolution images of book covers to illustrate the book in question qualifies as fair use". Other uses are reckoned to be copyvio. All this DOES sound quite nitpicky. I guess the best thing to do is to hunt for covers of biographies for all the modern cricketers that we know. --Peripatetic 18:50, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: User talk:69.196.32.50

title: User talk:69.196.32.50


text:
Wavell Heights, Queensland

Wavell Heights is a suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the, Wavell Heights had a population of 10,336 people.

Geography
Wavell Heights is located 10.5 km north of the Brisbane central business district. The land use is almost entirely residential, apart from Mercer Park and Shaw Park in the southernmost part of the suburb.

History
In December 1935 the Methodist Church bought four parcels of land in Rode Road. A timber-framed weatherboard-clad building opened on 28 May 1938 and was used for all church purposes: services, Sunday school and social activities. It was known as the West Nundah Methodist Church. The building was extended in 1947 to cater for a larger congregation. In 1957 a new brick church was opened beside the original building, which was then only used as a church hall. In 1977 the Methodist Church was amalgamated into the Uniting Church of Australia and the church and hall are now known as the Wavell Heights Uniting Church and Hall.

The Catholic Church of St Paschal Baylon was opened and blessed by Archbishop James Duhig on 8 August 1937. Due to the growth in the congregation, a new building was constructed with the church on the lower floor and space for a school on the upper floor.

In 1941 the Brisbane City Council requested that the area commonly known as West Nundah be recognised as Wavell Heights. It is named after Field Marshal Lord Wavell who was the Commander-In-Chief of the Allied Forces in the Middle East during the Second World War.

Wavell Heights State School opened on 27 January 1948, following a post-war expansion in Brisbane's northern suburbs. Through the 1950s and 1960s, the school grew to be a large primary school with over 900 enrolments, but during the 1970s, this number began to decline dramatically. By the 1990s, enrolments were as low as 210, but this number has since increased to over 300. In April 2011, one of the school's main classroom buildings was destroyed in an arson attack.

Our Lady of the Angels' Catholic School opened on 22 January 1950 under the management of the Presentation Sisters until the mid-1990s when the school came under lay leadership.

Wavell Heights Presbyterian Church opened in 1953.

St Thomas' Anglican Church was dedicated on 13 October 1957 by Archbishhop Reginald Halse. Its closure on 21 December 1990 was approved by Assistant Bishop George Browning. It was deconsecrated was authorised by Archbishop Peter Hollingworth. It was at 4 Watcombe Street in Chermside East which is now within Wavell Heights (-27.3846°N, 153.0457°W). As at 2020, the church building is being used as a residence but the cross on the roof and the words "St Thomas" on the front have been retained.

Wavell State High School opened on 27 January 1959.

Demographics
In the, Wavell Heights had a population of 9,435 people; 51.7% female and 48.3% male. The median age of the Wavell Heights population was 36 years, 1 year below the Australian median. Children aged under 15 years made up 20.9% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 13.1% of the population. 78.5% of people living in Wavell Heights were born in Australia, compared to the national average of 69.8%; the next most common countries of birth were New Zealand 3.7%, England 3.2%, Philippines 0.8%, India 0.8%, Italy 0.6%. 87.8% of people spoke only English at home; the next most popular languages were 1.3% Italian, 0.5% Tagalog, 0.5% Cantonese, 0.5% Mandarin, 0.4% French.

In the, Wavell Heights had a population of 9,684 people.

In the, Wavell Heights had a population of 10,336 people.

Heritage listings
Wavell Heights has a number of heritage-listed sites:

 * 36 Highcrest Avenue: Tooroonga
 * 57 Highcrest Avenue: Pfingst Farmhouse
 * 35 Odonnell Street: Hamlin's Nursery Residence
 * 2 Rode Road: former Dr Hedley Brown Residence
 * 142 Rode Road: Anzac Cottage
 * 149 Rode Road: former West Nundah Methodist Church (also known as The Uniting Church Hall)
 * 214 Rode Road: Westwood Farmhouse
 * 184 Shaw Road: former Brook Hill Hospital (also known as Brook Hill Convalescent Home)
 * 121 Spence Road: Gohdes Farmhouse
 * Telopia Avenue (-27.3998°N, 153.0372°W): Wavell State High School buildings

Education
Wavell Heights State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at Minore Street (-27.39°N, 153.0378°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 491 students with 33 teachers (29 full-time equivalent) and 23 non-teaching staff (13 full-time equivalent).

Our Lady of the Angels' School is a Catholic primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 30 Warraba Avenue (-27.3936°N, 153.0403°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 602 students with 40 teachers (34 full-time equivalent) and 23 non-teaching staff (13 full-time equivalent).

Wavell State High School is a government secondary (7-12) school for boys and girls at Telopia Avenue (-27.3979°N, 153.0378°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 1,597 students with 120 teachers (116 full-time equivalent) and 40 non-teaching staff (33 full-time equivalent). It includes a special education program. It is among the largest of public secondary schools in Brisbane's northern suburbs.

Amenities
St Paschal's Catholic Church is at 30 Warraba Street (-27.3933°N, 153.0408°W). Weekly services are held on Saturday and Sunday.

Wavell Heights Presbyterian Church is at 64 Spence Road (-27.3923°N, 153.0463°W). Weekly services are held on Sunday.

Wavell Heights Wesleyan Methodist church is at 59 Simla Avenue in Geebung. It is part of the Wesleyan Methodist Church.

Wavell Heights is serviced by the Wavell Heights Neighbourhood Society Inc. which manages the Murray Duus park on Edinburgh Castle Road, Wavell Heights, including the subleasing of areas to a kindergarten, Karate club, girl guides, scouts and a lapidary club. The Society also manages a public tennis court and a community centre, consisting of a hall with two floors, stages and kitchen facilities. Major roads include Hamilton Road and Bilsen Road. The Wavell Heights Neighbourhood Society Inc. is unique in that it is the only organisation within Brisbane to manage a park precinct on behalf of the Brisbane City Council.

Notable residents

 * Darryl Brohman, rugby league player and coach
 * Jacob Elordi - actor

title: Wavell Heights, Queensland


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User talk:Vahid18u~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Qaz  ( talk ) 09:55, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
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Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Vahid18u. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Vahid18u~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:09, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vahid18u~enwiki


text:
User:English Republican Party

www.erpengland.org.uk

title: User:English Republican Party


text:
Category:Executive agencies of the United Kingdom government

This category contains articles about the executive agencies of the Government of the United Kingdom. For articles about other bodies controlled by the UK government see:

 * Category:Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom
 * Category:Public bodies and task forces of the United Kingdom government


text:
User talk:English Republican Party

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Qaz  ( talk ) 09:57, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Image copyright problem with Image:Copy of ERA Back Patch.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Copy of ERA Back Patch.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

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Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 21:25, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:English Republican Party


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Jeremy Wells

Jeremy Wells (born 19 January 1977 ) is a New Zealand media personality who hosts the Radio Hauraki breakfast show with Matt Heath, Seven Sharp alongside Hilary Barry, and Taskmaster New Zealand.

Career
Wells first appeared on television in 1997 on MTV. He later appeared as Newsboy on Mikey Havoc's television show. Wells and Havoc went their separate ways when the show finished - Havoc fronting a show on TV3 and Wells hosting Eating Media Lunch on TVNZ. He also presented the satirical The Unauthorised History of New Zealand in 2005 and an episode of Intrepid Journeys in 2007. The New Zealand Listener described Wells' deadpan delivery as "newsnight-of-the-living-dead", saying he would be "compelling viewing reading the phone book."

Wells became notorious in November 2003 when an episode of Eating Media Lunch spoofed the current affairs programme Target, which often used hidden cameras to catch unreliable tradespersons or workers. The spoof depicted two actors as Target camera technicians in someone else's home, caught on hidden camera in acts such as masturbation, defecation (on a kitchen stove), drug use and phone sex. One technician stripped naked, covered himself with cling wrap, and appeared to urinate on the other technician. Several viewers complained but, in March 2004, the BSA (Broadcasting Standards Authority) of New Zealand found the episode had not breached any guidelines.

Wells and Havoc satirically labelled Gore the gay capital of New Zealand in 1999, during Havoc and Newsboy's Sell-out Tour. Returning to town to cover the 2008 election, Wells was confronted by 15 men angry over the comments. The group started harassing him at a petrol station, and followed him back to his hotel room. They harassed him for 90 minutes and he was trapped in his hotel room until the police were called. Gore District Mayor Tracy Hicks said Wells was "either very brave or very stupid" for coming back.

Wells spent 23 days travelling with the 108 members of the NZSO in October 2010 and produced a documentary The Grand Tour, a product of his own interest in classical music. The programme contains several interviews with the musicians and support crew, including Dame Kiri Te Kanawa.

Wells co-hosted The Saturday Special with Steve Simpson on bFM; the show continued when both hosts moved to Radio Hauraki. In 2014, Wells changed shows to become a co-host of the Radio Hauraki breakfast show, alongside Matt Heath and Laura McGoldrick.

Since 2018, he has co-hosted TVNZ's Seven Sharp with Hilary Barry, and from 2020 he is the host and titular Taskmaster of Taskmaster New Zealand, the New Zealand version of the TV series Taskmaster, with Paul Williams as the Taskmaster's assistant.

In November 2020 he was named one of the best dressed men in show business on David Hartnell MNZM's Best Dressed List.

Personal life
Wells was born in Auckland, New Zealand, the son of sports administrators Sir John Wells and Sheryl, Lady Wells. He was expelled from the exclusive Wanganui Collegiate School in his sixth-form year for giving marijuana oil to a recovering drug addict, and later attended St Paul's Collegiate in Hamilton. In 2005, Wells was awarded a Bravo award by the New Zealand Skeptics for his "scathing look at the psychic and medium business, on Eating Media Lunch".

title: Jeremy Wells


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Francisco Mendes

Francisco Mendes, popularly known by his nom de guerre as Chico Té (February 7, 1939 – July 7, 1978), was a Bissau-Guinean politician and revolutionary. He was the country's first Prime Minister and held that position from September 24, 1973, until his fatal car accident under suspicious circumstances on July 7, 1978.

Early career
Mendes was born in Enxude, Guinea-Bissau. In the early 1960s, the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) launched an armed struggle against Portuguese imperialism which would last more than a decade. Mendes was one of the few Guinea-Bissau students in secondary education when he abandoned school to join the PAIGC. He rose through the ranks in the 1960s, becoming a political commissar of the Bafatá area in 1962. In the years 1963–1964 he held the same function on the Northern Front. He entered the Political Bureau in 1964 and he became a member of PAIGC's Council of War in 1965. In 1967 he was appointed delegate of the Council for the Northern Front.

Prime minister
After negotiations between Portugal and PAIGC in early 1974, Portugal granted independence to Guinea-Bissau despite PAIGC having declared unilateral independence nearly a year prior. The PAIGC-led government was headed by Luís Cabral, half-brother of the PAIGC co-founder Amílcar Cabral whose assassination in Conakry on January 20, 1973, remains a mystery. Francisco Mendes was elected the country's first Prime Minister as Comissário Principal and in this role in the newly UN-member, Francisco Mendes was responsible for a series of socialism-inspired development programs, and a four-year drive toward national reconciliation. Mendes' signature graced the first four banknotes (10, 50, 100 and 500 peso) issued in 1976 in Guinea-Bissau.

Although the causes behind his death on July 7, 1978, are still disputed, it is mostly accepted that PAIGC was involved in it. A widely accepted theory – though unverifiable as of 2006 – is that dissent among PAIGC leadership may have led to his assassination.

Honours
As an African nationalist and a national figure in the struggle for independence, Francisco Mendes has been honoured both in Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde. In addition to his face being featured on 500 Pesos Guineense (second (1983) and third (1990) issues), many schools and streets bearing his name can be seen throughout Guinea-Bissau, and Francisco Mendes International Airport in Praia, Cape Verde was named in his honour.

Personal life
He married in 1973 in Ziguinchor, Senegal and left two sons and two daughters behind.

title: Francisco Mendes


text: User talk:85.232.161.177

title: User talk:85.232.161.177


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Cooling curve

A cooling curve is a line graph that represents the change of phase of matter, typically from a gas to a solid or a liquid to a solid. The independent variable (X-axis) is time and the dependent variable (Y-axis) is temperature. Below is an example of a cooling curve used in castings.

The initial point of the graph is the starting temperature of the matter, here noted as the "pouring temperature". When the phase change occurs, there is a "thermal arrest"; that is, the temperature stays constant. This is because the matter has more internal energy as a liquid or gas than in the state that it is cooling to. The amount of energy required for a phase change is known as latent heat. The "cooling rate" is the slope of the cooling curve at any point.

Alloys have a melting point range. It solidifies as shown in the figure above. First, the molten alloy reaches to liquidus temperature and then freezing range starts. At solidus temperature, the molten alloy becomes solid.

title: Cooling curve


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User talk:Anilocra II

--Cel e stianpower hablamé 10:00, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

As you have noticed I hope vandalism usually gets removed quickly. Please do not do that. Qaz ( talk ) 10:02, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Stop with the disputed tagging
Please stop adding disputed tags to lots of articles. If you see anything wrong with any of the articles, please just fix it instead of tagging them without any explanation. Thanks. Shanes 10:15, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Again: If you see anything wrong with the articles you are tagging: Fix it, or explain what the problem is on each article's talk page. Don't just add disputed-tags without explaining them. Mass adding of tags like you are doing is considered vandalism, and continuing will get you blocked from editing wikipedia. Shanes 10:25, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Final warning
I've deleted and protected against recreation Male bikini-wearing, and I'd appreciate it if you'd stop disrupting Wikipedia with inappropriate dispute tags and nonsense articles. Consider this your last warning. - A Man In Black (conspire | past ops) 10:44, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

User:Pasboudin requested the article. --Anilocra II 11:00, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * User blocked indefinitely for vandalism. Rama 11:37, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Anilocra II


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Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize

The Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize for Biology or Biochemistry is an annual prize awarded by Columbia University to a researcher or group of researchers who have made an outstanding contribution in basic research in the fields of biology or biochemistry.

The prize was established at the bequest of S. Gross Horwitz and is named to honor his mother, Louisa Gross Horwitz, the daughter of trauma surgeon Samuel D. Gross. The prize was first awarded in 1967.

As of October 2018, 51 (50%) of the 101 prize recipients have subsequently been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (40) or Chemistry (11). It is regarded as one of the important precursors of a future Nobel Prize award.

Recipients

 * 1967 Luis Leloir (1970 Chemistry)
 * 1968 Har Gobind Khorana (1968 Physiology or Medicine), Marshall Warren Nirenberg (1968 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 1969 Max Delbrück (1969 Physiology or Medicine), Salvador E. Luria (1969 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 1970 Albert Claude (1974 Physiology or Medicine), George E. Palade (1974 Physiology or Medicine), Keith R. Porter
 * 1971 Hugh E. Huxley
 * 1972 Stephen W. Kuffler
 * 1973 Renato Dulbecco (1975 Physiology or Medicine), Harry Eagle, Theodore T. Puck
 * 1974 Boris Ephrussi
 * 1975 K. Sune D. Bergstrom (1982 Physiology or Medicine), Bengt Samuelsson (1982 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 1976 Seymour Benzer, Charles Yanofsky
 * 1977 Michael Heidelberger, Elvin A. Kabat, Henry G. Kunkel
 * 1978 David Hubel (1981 Physiology of Medicine), Vernon Mountcastle, Torsten Wiesel (1981 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 1979 Walter Gilbert (1980 Chemistry), Frederick Sanger (1980 Chemistry)
 * 1980 César Milstein (1984 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 1981 Aaron Klug (1982 Chemistry)
 * 1982 Barbara McClintock (1983 Physiology or Medicine), Susumu Tonegawa (1987 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 1983 Stanley Cohen (1986 Physiology or Medicine), Viktor Hamburger, Rita Levi-Montalcini (1986 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 1984 Michael S. Brown (1985 Physiology or Medicine), Joseph L. Goldstein (1985 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 1985 Donald D. Brown, Mark Ptashne
 * 1986 Erwin Neher (1991 Physiology or Medicine), Bert Sakmann (1991 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 1987 Günter Blobel (1999 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 1988 Thomas R. Cech (1989 Chemistry), Philip A. Sharp (1993 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 1989 Alfred G. Gilman (1994 Physiology or Medicine), Edwin G. Krebs (1994 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 1990 Stephen C. Harrison, Michael G. Rossmann, Don C. Wiley
 * 1991 Richard R. Ernst (1991 Chemistry), Kurt Wüthrich (2001 Chemistry)
 * 1992 Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (1995 Physiology or Medicine), Edward B. Lewis (1995 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 1993 Nicole Marthe Le Douarin, Donald Metcalf
 * 1994 Philippa Marrack, John W. Kappler
 * 1995 Leland H. Hartwell (2001 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 1996 Clay M. Armstrong, Bertil Hille
 * 1997 Stanley B. Prusiner (1997 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 1998 Arnold J. Levine, Bert Vogelstein
 * 1999 Pierre Chambon, Robert Roeder, Robert Tjian
 * 2000 H. Robert Horvitz (2002 Physiology or Medicine), Stanley J. Korsmeyer
 * 2001 Avram Hershko (2004 Chemistry), Alexander Varshavsky
 * 2002 James E. Rothman (2013 Physiology or Medicine), Randy W. Schekman (2013 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 2003 Roderick MacKinnon (2003 Chemistry)
 * 2004 Tony Hunter, Tony Pawson
 * 2005 Ada Yonath (2009 Chemistry)
 * 2006 Roger D. Kornberg (2006 Chemistry)
 * 2007 Joseph G. Gall, Elizabeth H. Blackburn (2009 Physiology or Medicine), Carol W. Greider (2009 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 2008 F. Ulrich Hartl, Arthur Horwich and Honorary Horwitz Prize to Rosalind Franklin
 * 2009 Victor R. Ambros, Gary Ruvkun
 * 2010 Thomas J. Kelly, Bruce Stillman
 * 2011 Jeffrey C. Hall (2017 Physiology or Medicine), Michael Rosbash (2017 Physiology or Medicine), Michael W. Young (2017 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 2012 Richard Losick, Joe Lutkenhaus, Lucy Shapiro
 * 2013 Edvard I. Moser (2014 Physiology or Medicine), May-Britt Moser (2014 Physiology or Medicine), John O’Keefe (2014 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 2014 James P. Allison (2018 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 2015 S. Lawrence Zipursky
 * 2016 Howard Cedar, Aharon Razin, Gary Felsenfeld
 * 2017 Jeffrey I. Gordon
 * 2018 Pierre Chambon, Ronald M. Evans, Bert O’Malley
 * 2019 Lewis C. Cantley, David M. Sabatini, Peter K. Vogt
 * 2020 Robert Fettiplace, James Hudspeth, Christine Petit
 * 2021 Katalin Karikó (2023 Physiology or Medicine), Drew Weissman (2023 Physiology or Medicine)
 * 2022 Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann, Gero Miesenböck
 * 2023 Zhijian Chen, Glen Barber

title: Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize


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Slovenian euro coins

Slovenian euro coins were first issued for circulation on 1 January 2007 and a unique feature is designed for each coin. The design of approximately 230 million Slovenian euro coins (total value of approximately €80 million) was unveiled on 7 October 2005. The designers were Miljenko Licul, Maja Licul and Janez Boljka. The Mint of Finland was chosen to mint the coins through an international tender in 2007.

Slovenia was the first country to join the eurozone out of the 10 new member states that joined the European Union in 2004, and the first ex-Yugoslav republic to join the eurozone.

Slovenian euro design
The Slovenian euro coins were the first to feature a new common side, with a new map of Europe on the bicoloured and Nordic-gold coins. For images of the common side and a detailed description of the coins, see euro coins.

1 Slovenia achieved independence under the zodiac sign of Cancer.

Circulating mintage quantities
The following table shows the mintage quantity for all Slovenian euro coins, per denomination, per year.

Mints
2007: Finland 2008: Netherlands 2009–2011: Finland 2012–2013: Slovakia 2014–2018: Netherlands

Commemorative coins
Slovenia joined the Eurozone on January 1, 2007. In such a short time they have already built a small collection of collectors coins, with face values ranging from 3 to 100 euros. Although they are all legal tender in Slovenia, these coins are not really intended to be used as a means of payment, so they do not circulate widely (the only exception is the 3 euro coins which can be found in circulation although extremely rarely).

Selection process for the national side
The first stage of the selection process started in April 2004, involving preliminary discussions with numismatists, designers and experts. The general public was also invited through the mass media to participate in a public tender concerning proposals of motifs (132 tenderers proposed 699 motifs). A special expert commission (9 different individual experts and members of different institutions, including the Ministry of Finance and the Bank of Slovenia) dealt with the proposals and the process. The second stage of selection started when the Government of the Republic of Slovenia confirmed the commission's decision that invitations would be addressed to some prominent designers for the production of designs.

The commission invited five well-known Slovene designers. A special jury of reputable Slovene artists, designers, professors and connoisseurs of Slovene cultural heritage was appointed to review and assess the designs submitted for the Slovene euro coins. The commission of the Bank of Slovenia and Ministry of Finance unanimously agreed with the proposed selected designs prepared by Mr Miljenko Licul, along with Ms Maja Licul and Mr Janez Boljka. The Government of the Republic of Slovenia gave their consent and adopted the decision on 28 July 2005 to submit the selected design proposals for the national side of the Slovene euro coins to ECOFIN (Economic and Financial Committee) - Coins Sub-Committee, which acknowledged the compliance of the Slovene design proposals with European legislation on 5 October 2005.

Controversy
The use of the Prince's Stone (Knežji kamen, Fürstenstein) on the 2-cent coin caused a minor political stir in the Austrian State of Carinthia. The stone, a fragment of an ancient Roman column from nearby Virunum that was used in the ritual of installing the princes of Carantania and later of the Duchy of Carinthia, is kept in a museum in Klagenfurt (Slovene: Celovec), the Carinthian capital, where it is also considered a historical icon of the state. The Carinthian state government (headed by governor Jörg Haider) issued a resolution of protest on 25 October 2005, which was rejected as "not to be taken seriously" by the then Slovenian foreign minister, Dimitrij Rupel. However, there were also objections against its use on the Slovene side. On academic grounds, for instance, Peter Štih, professor of history at the Ljubljana University and member of the Slovene Academy of Sciences, argued that the Prince's Stone cannot be considered a Slovenian but rather a Carinthian historic symbol.

title: Slovenian euro coins


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La Mama Theatre (Melbourne)

La Mama Theatre is a not-for-profit theatre in Carlton, Victoria, Australia. It has been putting on contemporary theatre since 1967. La Mama produces work by theatre makers of all backgrounds.

History
The theatre, an initiative of founder Betty Burstall, was inspired by the "off-off-Broadway" theatre scene in New York City. Betty and her husband, film maker Tim Burstall, had just returned from a trip to New York and wanted to re-create the vibrancy and immediacy of the small theatres there. La Mama was modelled after the similarly named New York venue La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club."'I got the idea for La Mama when we went to New York in the sixties. We were poor. It was impossible to go to the theatre – even to see a film was expensive – but there were these places where you paid fifty cents for a cup of coffee and you saw a performance, and if you felt like it you put some money in a hat for the actors. I saw some awful stuff and some good stuff. It was very immediate and exciting and when I came back to Melbourne I wanted to keep going, but there didn't exist such a place. So I talked around a bit, to a few actors and writers and directors, sounding them out about doing their own stuff, Australian stuff, for nothing ... I decided on Carlton because in 1967 it was a lively, tatty area with an Italian atmosphere and plenty of students ...' (Betty Burstall)"

At a time when the production of Australian plays was almost non-existent (and financially risky), La Mama's non-for-profit organisation provided the venue for the performance of new experimental Australian theatre works. The first play performed at La Mama was a work by a new Australian writer Jack Hibberd, entitled Three Old Friends (1967), whose most successful play Dimboola opened there in 1969. The production of Australian works at La Mama soon became a staple, and within the first two years of its life twenty-five new Australian plays had premiered there.

La Mama also nurtured new works by composers, poets, and filmmakers. The opening of the alternative theatre provided a home base for many important figures in theatre and film including Hibberd and Alex Buzo. It was also regularly used by underground performance troupe Tribe (who later collaborated with Spectrum). The theatre's house troupe, the La Mama Group, established by actor-director Graeme Blundell evolved into the Australian Performing Group. La Mama's list of alumni includes notable Australian theatre artists such as David Williamson, Cate Blanchett, Jack Hibberd, Graeme Blundell, Judith Lucy and Julia Zemiro.

Current
La Mama Theatre operates today under the direction of Liz Jones, who took over the theatre as its artistic director in 1976.

La Mama's model of giving artists upfront funding to present work in a rent-free venue, with 80% box-office return, is unique in Australia. This model supports a high artistic risk/low financial risk proposition for artists and encourages a high volume of activity. In addition access to rehearsal and meeting space, administrative, marketing and technical support and ticketing reduces the barriers posed by a lack of money or infrastructure for artists.

In recent years, La Mama artists such as The Rabble, Daniel Schlusser and Nicola Gunn have gone on to perform at the Melbourne International Festival and Melbourne Theatre Company's NEON Festival of Independent Theatre. La Mama veteran Jack Charles continues to work across the country, and in 2013 La Mama regular Ben Grant was touring internationally with Robert Lapage.

Venues
La Mama operates out of two buildings: the original La Mama Theatre on Faraday Street, and the La Mama Courthouse a block away on Drummond Street.

The simple two-storey brick building housing the La Mama Theatre was built originally as a printing works for AR Ford in 1883. After serving various industrial purposes it was leased in 1967 for use as a small theatre to nurture new Australian drama. Designed by Carlton architect George S Clarke, it faced a right-of-way off University Street, which is south of and parallel to Faraday Street. The land in front of the Theatre is currently used as a forecourt for the community.

Fire damage and reconstruction
On 19 May 2018, La Mama was largely destroyed by fire. It was rebuilt, and reopened to the public on 9 December 2021, with the existing theatre building being restored and with a new structure to the front. The size of the performance space is the same, along with its original features (the internal staircase, the trapdoor and the fireplace). The administration team will be separately housed.

title: La Mama Theatre (Melbourne)


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Borba (newspaper)

Borba (Борба) was a newspaper published in former Yugoslavia and Serbia, best known from the period when it was the official gazette of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) until 1954 and Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia thereon until its dissolution. Its name is the Serbo-Croatian word for 'struggle' or 'combat'.

Beginnings and censorship
The very first issue of Borba was first published in Zagreb on 19 February 1922, Đuro Cvijić, together with Kamil Horvatin became the editors of the newspaper at its founding. As the official gazette of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY), a banned political organization since December 1920 that nevertheless operated clandestinely in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and later Kingdom of Yugoslavia. From 1924, the editor of Borba was Vladimir Ćopić, who was soon arrested for his articles against the government. Functioning as the banned Yugoslav Communist Party's propaganda piece, the paper played in important part in disseminating information among the party members, activists, and sympathizers.

On 13 January 1929, a week following the proclamation of King Alexander's 6 January Dictatorship, Borba got banned.

World War 2
During World War II Borba was published in the Republic of Užice. After the World War II liberation by the Partisans, its publication moved to Belgrade.

Post-war period
From 1948 to 1987, the newspaper was also published simultaneously in Zagreb. For a long time, Borba alternated pages in Serbian Cyrillic alphabet and Gaj's Latin alphabet in the same edition.

Changes in editorial policy, Yugoslav Wars and ownership changes
In July 1986, Stanislav Staša Marinković became the editor-in-chief of Borba, and soon afterwards, he started rebranding the anachronistic Communist government newspaper into one of the most liberal daily newspapers in Yugoslavia. After Marinković's death in 1989, Manojlo Vukotić kept the same policy, so in the beginning of the Yugoslav Wars, Borba journalists took an anti-war stance, and in 1992 and 1993 Borba became one of the most important strongholds of the opponents to Slobodan Milošević war policies. In 1993, after an internal conflict, Vukotić is replaced by Slavko Ćuruvija, and in 1994, government took over Borba overnight, changing the editorial staff, and 120 Borba employees left the magazine, which, after that, became the proponent of Milošević's regime under the new editor Dragutin Brčin. Yet the core of Borba journalists continued publishing different anti-Milošević publications - soon after the 1994 government takeover, a group of former Borba journalists started publishing Naša borba. In 1997, most of the Naša borba journalists established Danas, which is still published today. In 1996, former Borba editor Manojlo Vukotić started Blic, which is also still published today, and in the same year Slavko Ćuruvija started publishing Dnevni telegraf, which was published until Ćuruvija's assassination in March 1999.

Meanwhile, Borba's reputation rapidly deteriorated under Brčin, and the newspaper lost almost entire readership in a few years. After the 2000 overthrow of Slobodan Milošević, Borba had to face complete transformation. In 2002, Borba along with its distribution network were purchased by Serbian businessman Stanko "Cane" Subotić who bought the government shares in the paper. However, under Subotić, the daily Borba barely survived, printing no more than several hundred copies a day while according to business records, the company's monthly revenues never exceeded €30,000.

2009 redesign and cease of publication
Redesigned Borba got announced in December 2008 with Ivan Radovanović presented as the paper's new owner after reportedly buying it from fugitive Serbian businessman Stanko "Cane" Subotić. Before the first issue of the redesigned paper appeared, Serbian deputy prime minister Mlađan Dinkić accused Subotić of still being Borba's true owner with Radovanović only serving as the front man.

Though announced for December, the first redesigned issue ended up appearing on newsstands on 15 January 2009 under editor-in-chief Miloš Jevtović who came over from the state-owned Tanjug news agency. It was published by "Izdavačko preduzeće Novine Borba" using the Latin alphabet. Content-wise, the paper's new format was conceived as something new on the Serbian print media market with no news wire items and press releases with only analysis of the current events as well as ongoing political and social trends. Initial editor-in-chief Jevtović was soon replaced with Olivera Zekić. However, the paper sold poorly (less than 3,000 copies per day), ceasing publication in October 2009 after less than a year.

2020 reestablishment
In 2020, Borba started publishing once again, as a monthly magazine dedicated to culture, art and promoting traditional and conservative values. Although the magazine had government support and in 2021 celebrated its 99th anniversary, the former journalists and editors of Borba strongly criticized this publication. Radomir Ličina, who was a Borba journalist and editor from 1969 to 1994, said he felt "nothing but disgust at the attempts to ruthlessly appropriate something that belonged only to people who for decades devotedly defended and advocated clear and recognizable journalistic principles and lasting and unchanging civic and human values even in the most difficult of times".

In February 2022, both newly formed Borba magazine and several different groups of former Borba journalists organized gatherings commemorating 100th anniversary of the first issue of Borba.

title: Borba (newspaper)


text:
William Folger Nickle

William Folger Nickle KC (December 31, 1869 - November 15, 1957) was a Canadian politician who served both as a member of the House of Commons of Canada and in the Ontario legislature where he rose to the position of Attorney-General of Ontario. He is best known for the Nickle Resolution that ended the practice of knighthoods and peerages being awarded to Canadians.

Born in Kingston, Ontario, the son of William Nickle, Nickle was educated at Queen's University and Osgoode Hall. He was called to the Ontario bar in 1896 and set up a law practice in Kingston. He entered local politics and was elected to the school board 1904 and then served on Kingston city council from 1905 until 1908.

He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 1908 provincial election as a Conservative and served for three years until his election to the federal House of Commons in the 1911 federal election, as the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Kingston. He was re-elected in the 1917 federal election as a Unionist.

Nickle was appointed to chair a special committee of the House of Commons to examine the question of the appointment of honours. There had been criticism in the press about a surfeit of knighthoods being created during World War I. In 1919, Nickle moved and had passed through the House a resolution calling for an end to the practice of Canadians being granted knighthoods and peerages. Nickle's detractors charged that he was bitter at having failed to get a knighthood for his father-in-law.

Later that year, he resigned his federal seat contending that the wartime Union Government should also resign and seek a post-war mandate to govern. Nickle returned to provincial politics and won a seat in the Ontario legislature in a 1922 by-election.

The Conservatives formed government following the 1923 provincial election. The new Premier of Ontario, George Howard Ferguson, appointed Nickle to cabinet as Attorney-General of Ontario. Nickle resigned from Cabinet in October 1926 when Premier Ferguson announced his plan to repeal the Ontario Temperance Act and allow liquor sales. He ran as an Independent on a prohibition platform in the subsequent 1926 provincial election but was defeated in the riding of Kingston and Portsmouth by the Conservative candidate, Thomas Kidd.

He married Agnes Mary McAdam in 1885 and married Katherine Louise Gorden in 1911 after the death of his first wife. Nickle served on the city council for Kingston, also serving as a member of the school board, and was a trustee for Queen's University and a member of the board of governors for Kingston Hospital.

William McAdam Nickle, a son from his first marriage, went on to serve in the Ontario cabinet.

title: William Folger Nickle


text:
Valley Pike

Valley Pike or Valley Turnpike is the traditional name given for the Indian trail and roadway which is now approximated by U.S. Route 11 in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia.

Long before the arrival of English colonists, Native Americans of the Delaware and Catawba tribes used this well-watered path as a migratory route and hunting grounds, moving between what is now Georgia and Canada. Beginning in the 1730s, Scots-Irish and German immigrants coming from Pennsylvania began to move up the valley and establish settlements (“Up the Valley” in this context refers to movement to higher elevation and indicates a southward direction). As a result of the Treaty of Lancaster, the Iroquois were promised a marked path up the Valley which was laid out in 1745 by James Patton and John Buchanan. Initially called the "Indian Road", it was later known as the "Great Wagon Road."

On March 3, 1834, The Valley Turnpike Company was incorporated by an act of the Virginia General Assembly, and the state participated in the public-private venture through the Virginia Board of Public Works with a 40% investment to build 68 mi between Winchester and Harrisonburg. A similar road from Harrisonburg to Staunton was built by another company, and they merged. The new combined road, by then known as the "Valley Pike", was significantly improved and tolls were charged for the upkeep of its 93 mi length. An official report made by General P. H. Sheridan published in July 1866 described the Valley Pike as follows: "The city of Martinsburg,... is on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, at the northern terminus of the Valley pike--a broad macadamized road, running up the valley, through Winchester, and terminating at Staunton."

During the American Civil War, the Valley Pike was a key transportation link in both Jackson's Valley Campaign of 1862 and the Valley Campaigns of 1864. The macadamized road enabled fast movement of heavy wagon trains and gun carriages even during rainy weather, when dirt roads turned into mud. Confederate General Stonewall Jackson marched his infantry soldiers—nicknamed foot cavalry—up and down the Valley and through various mountain gaps, such as Swift Run Gap and Thornton Gap, and make sudden appearances in front of Union troops in the Piedmont region on the east side of the Blue Ridge Mountains.

In 1918, The Valley Turnpike Company, which had been managed by a young Harry Flood Byrd, allowed the Valley Turnpike to be one of the first roads taken over by the state. It was designated as part of State Route 3, one of the routes of the state highway system managed by the State Highway Commission.

The Valley Turnpike was given the U.S. Route 11 designation in 1926, and remained the major north–south highway thoroughfare for the Shenandoah Valley until Interstate 81 was built beginning in the 1960s. Today, the road carries much local traffic, and provides an alternative to the busy Interstate Highway.

A section of the original Valley Pike runs parallel to U.S. Route 11 in Rockbridge County, 1 mile north of Lexington.

title: Valley Pike


text:
Yung Kee

Yung Kee is a Chinese restaurant located on Wellington Street in Central, Hong Kong. It is most famous for its roast goose.

History
In 1938, Kam Shui-fai began selling siu mei at a dai pai dong on Kwong Yuen West Street, near the old Hong Kong-Macau Ferry Pier. After some success, he converted it into a restaurant in 1942, leasing the premises at 32 Wing Lok Street in Sheung Wan for HK$4,000. During the Second World War, the building was destroyed in a Japanese air raid. In 1944, the restaurant was moved to 32 Pottinger Street. It moved into its current premises on Wellington Street in 1964, and after four more adjacent buildings were acquired, the lot was rebuilt in 1978 to become today's Yung Kee Building.

The sixth floor of the restaurant building is occupied by the Kee Club, named after Yung Kee and described by founder Maria Rhomberg as "a place for people tired of discos but still too young for formal restaurants and stuffy establishment clubs"; she met Kam in Shanghai to present the concept to him, and opened the club in 2001. During the SARS outbreak that year and again during the avian flu scare, Yung Kee was forced to temporarily stop serving roast goose and other poultry.

Finances and ownership
Yung Kee is owned by Yung Kee Holdings Ltd, a private holding company with roughly HK$127 million in assets. In 2000, the two top floors of the building which the restaurant occupies became available; the company purchased those floors at that point, and now owns the entire building. After the death of the founder Kam Shui-fai in 2004, its shares were divided among Kam's children. One report stated that eldest son Kam Kin-sing (or "Kinsen Kam Kwan-sing") and second son Ronald Kam Kwan-lai (甘琨禮) each received 45%, while the remaining 10% was held by Kam's daughter Kam Mei-ling through her own holding company Everway Holdings Limited; she later sold it to the younger Kam.

Another report stated that the two brothers each received a 35% stake on the founder's death, with a further 10% owned by his widow, their mother, Mak Sui-chun. Her daughter Kelly Kam was also a party to the dispute. In fiscal year 2009, the restaurant earned HK$51.1 million in net profit. However, there have been continuing disputes among the two brothers about the management of the company, especially due to the appointment of the younger Kam brother's son Kam Lin-wang as a director, drawing a salary of HK$45,000/month for only a few hours of work. In July 2010, the elder Kam brother applied to the High Court for liquidation of the holding company if the younger Kam brother refused to buy out his stake. The Court of Final Appeal, acting on an appeal filed by the widow of the deceased Kinson Kam, ruled in favour of the winding up order of the holding company registered in the British Virgin Islands based on the fact that the parties, property and dispute were based in Hong Kong. The net assets were stated to be HK$2 billion ($256 million) in 2012.

Specialties
Yung Kee is most famous for its roast goose, and serves as many as 300 whole birds per day. A half bird—which serves up to six people—costs HK$240, while a two-person portion goes for HK$120. The late founder Kam is nicknamed "Roast Goose Fai", and Yung Kee's roast goose has become well known in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macau, and also among foreign tourists. Some take a box of goose on the flight home to share with family and friends, giving rise to the nickname "Flying Roast Goose". Yung Kee dishes are served in first and business class on board Cathay Pacific flights, and boxes of roast goose and preserved eggs from the restaurant are sold in the on-board duty-free shop in an effort to take advantage of a growing demand for "souvenir food".

Awards and recognition
In 1968, Yung Kee was named by Fortune magazine as one of the Top 15 Restaurants in the World, the only Chinese restaurant on the list. In 1997, four dishes from Yung Kee received awards in the Hong Kong Food Festival Culinary Awards Competition: "Wild Geese Resting on Plum Tress" won a platinum award, while "Fish Biting Lamb in Huizhou Style" (fresh carp stuffed with shredded lamb), "Celebrating Prosperity" (fish and chicken wings on a bed of stir-fried vegetables and shredded turtle meat), and "Aloe Vera with Golden Pomegranate" each won gold awards.

Yung Kee also once held one star in the Michelin Guide received in the inaugural 2009 Hong Kong and Macau edition, but on 1 December 2011, it was relegated to "Bib Gourmand" section of the guide's 2012 edition.

 * Asia's Top 20 Restaurants – Miele Guide
 * 2008/2009: no. 8
 * 2009/2010: no. 10
 * 2010/2011: no. 12
 * 2011/2012: no. 17

title: Yung Kee


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Coding Theory from an Artistic Viewpoint

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 09:28, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Coding Theory from an Artistic Viewpoint
Original research. JoanneB 10:05, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

hello from singapore.

The article is intended to be general and rather loose. Can you tell me what you feel is not good about it? I can edit it according to your preference.

Someone might object that i am printing original research in the paragraph: "A possible solution: neural networks". I'm almost certain this has been done before. Nueral networks are like wild animals in the sense that they dont obey rules very well. The method may have worked many times in the past but might not work in the future. Also they are difficult to tame. I really feel that in some cases this can be done and in other cases it cannot. How do you feel about this?

Another problem might be the repetition of the concept of a "geodesic". Yet the article on that subject is full of equations. I think my article says it from a different, more simple point of view.

The gentle political satires were removed.
 * (preceding unsigned comment by ) . Please see WP:NOR. --GraemeL (talk) 12:28, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Original research. --GraemeL (talk) 12:28, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete it's quite interesting but is really a personal essay rather than an encyclopedia article in my view - so unfortunately not really wikipedia material.  Perhaps the author could create an user account and place it on their User page?    Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   13:26, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unfortunately, though the author has clearly put thought into this material, said thought has clearly involved thinking up new ideas, rather than organizing and reporting upon pre-existing ones.  Personal essays, no matter how interesting the topics they cover, do not belong on the WP.  (Sections trying to justify why the article "definitely belongs on Wikipedia", I must add, are counterproductive.)  I suggest that the author create a user account and move this material there.  Also, I suggest reading through what modern semiotics people have said about communication as "encoding" and "decoding".  While much of this structuralist, post-structuralist or whatever material is interesting, I find that large chunks of it are simply indigestable — the sort of bad writing Alan Sokal lampooned in the Sokal Affair.  Anyone working on WP articles in this area and making them comprehensible would be performing a great service.  Anville 14:58, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not encyclopedic material, but (perhaps good) original research. Not sure where this could belong, perhaps on wikibooks? -- Egil 15:47, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Possible contains some interesting thoughts, but not appropriate as an encyclopedia. –Mulligatawny 16:32, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete OR --Rogerd 18:44, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Seems to fall into the common trap of failing to distinguish between Coding Theory and Cryptography (the former is for accuracy, the latter for secrecy). But I couldn't make much sense of it, and I'm writing a Ph.D. thesis on Coding Theory. --RFBailey 21:44, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Confused, rambling OR that cannpt be salvaged or sourced. MCB 18:20, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wikibooks and delete. Jkelly 01:13, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * O.K., delete Thank you all for your excellent thoughts on the subject. I'm delighted that so many people read it.  Will try to transmit it to somewhere else.  RFBailey has chosen a good thesis and will make much money if he stays with it.  It's true that cryptography and coding theory are different and that people confuse them.  Will try to be more analytical and so on in the future.  Kirk out.   13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Salsa20

An-Ping
There's a conflict between accuracy and NPOV in how we present An-Ping's "analysis", and I'd be interested in ideas on how to resolve it. An-Ping's "analysis" is indeed garbage, and anyone sufficiently expert who reads his paper will be able to verify that (in so far as they're able to get through his impenetrable language). But because we have to take an NPOV stance, we'll give those who come to Wikipedia the impression that there's some sort of big unresolved question mark over Salsa20, when all there is is one nutter talking nonsense. There must be a fair way we can present the verifiable facts so as not to leave people with this misapprehension. — ciphergoth 10:06, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I think the way around this sort of thing is to emphasise that noone has accepted his claims, and that experts have expressed criticism or skepticism about the claims. I tweaked a couple of words, and I think it gives the right sort of impression now, but still keeps an NPOV. — Matt Crypto 11:13, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

prf description
I don't think the description of salsa20 as a prf is quite correct. Its indistinguishability depends on some assumptions about the input distribution, e.g. that the key is random and the hash function input comes from the expansion function. Maybe the individual functions salsa20_{k,v}(n) could be described as prf's on n, i.e. k is a parameter selecting from a family of functions, not a function input. Bernstein has mentioned that you can't use salsa20 as a general purpose 512 bit hash function. Phr
 * A PRF is not a function; it's a keyed family of functions. For Salsa20 that family is not exactly what you specify; it's Salsa20_k(v, i).  Otherwise it would not be claiming any security against an attacker who knows the nonce, which wouldn't be much use.  As it is, it claims security against chosen-nonce attacks, a very important class of attacks that break lots of eSTREAM candidates.  To me the sentence
 * a pseudorandom function based on 32-bit addition, bitwise addition (XOR) and rotation operations, which maps a 256-bit key, a 64-bit nonce, and a 64-bit stream position to a 512-bit output
 * implies that the PRF is Salsa20_k(v, i) but perhaps it could be made clearer? — ciphergoth 09:00, 19 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes it could be clearer. I thought a PRF was a single function (like an HMAC instance with a fixed but unknown key) that can't be distinguished from a random function, so HMAC is a family of PRF's, AES is a family of PRP's, etc.  Maybe I've got the definition mixed up.  I've been wanting to write articles describing PRF and PRP, so I better check that. Phr 06:26, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

An-Ping redux
I've removed An-Ping's attacks from here. There has to come a point where someone's commentary on a thing is not notable enough to go in the article on that thing. I will restore them if even one cryptographer who has been published in an IACR journal is prepared to publically say that they think there is some worthwhile substance to those papers. — ciphergoth 05:55, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

Differential Cryptanalysis of Sala20/8
http://sasc.crypto.rub.de/files/sasc2007_039.pdf says:

 * In this example, the computational complexity becomes approximately 2255
 * (= 2245× 210 × 2 × 4/8) times of Salsa20/8 encryption and it is lower than 2256
 * of exhaustive key search.

 * 5 Conclusion
 * This paper presented a cryptanalysis of the Salsa20 stream cipher proposed
 * in 2005. We discovered a significant differential probability bias in the Salsa20
 * round 4 internal state, yielded by assigning single bit differences to the initial
 * vector which may be freely chosen by an attacker.

 * Further more, we have used this bias to attack Salsa20/r (5 ≤ r ≤ 8). Using
 * our method, Salsa20/7 with a 128-bit secret key and Salsa20/8 with a 256-bit
 * secret key were broken using less computational complexity than required for
 * an exhaustive key search. The amount of data needed for both cryptanalyses
 * is theoretically 211.37 keystream pairs. Our method of attack uses a new technique
 * of approximating polynomials of addition, and succeeds in the reducing
 * the computational complexity compared to previous methods.

 * Finally, Bernstein proposed Salsa20/8 and Salsa20/12 as models paying consideration
 * to implementation, but faced with our attack the security of Salsa20/8
 * is insufficient, and even considering implementation, a model of at least 12 rounds
 * should be used. However, the attack in this paper does not directly threaten the
 * security of the full-round Salsa20/20 specification, although caution is still required
 * regarding the issue of whether there is a sufficient margin of safety. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.41.210.146 (talk) 15:00, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

ChaCha and redirect
There is a link on the Salsa20 page to a page for the ChaCha crypto suite. But that page seems to be missing, and a redirect back to the Salsa20 page is done. That is, a user that wants to read more about ChaCha ends up where he/she started.

194.237.142.17 (talk) 11:51, 14 June 2010 (UTC)

Number of rounds - author suggests salsa20/20, eSTREAM suggests salsa20/12
See (among others) http://www.ecrypt.eu.org/documents/D.SYM.10-v1.pdf, page 10.

Useurandom (talk) 12:22, 6 April 2014 (UTC)

Incorrect attribution
Attribution # 2 is for a Latin dance article: "Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Simon Fischer, Shahram Khazaei, Willi Meier, and Christian Rechberger, New Features of Latin Dances". It is apparently supposed to refer to:
 * As of 2012, there are no published attacks on Salsa20/12 or the full Salsa20/20; the best attack known[2] breaks 8 of the 12 or 20 rounds. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Krudler5 (talk • contribs) 13:00, 3 October 2014 (UTC)

Move to Salsa20 and ChaCha
I propose to rename this article Salsa20 and ChaCha, since it covers both. Any objections?--agr (talk) 15:21, 24 November 2014 (UTC)

 * I oppose, typically Wikipedia articles only cover one primary topic. If the topic has sub-topics, like Salsa20 having a less-known cousin ChaCha, then it's fine to cover that in a sub-section of the article, as before. But don't make it seem like this article has two primary topics. I disagree with your edits to the lead for the same reason. I believe this is supported by WP:PRIMARYTOPIC and WP:PRECISION.
 * If you think ChaCha is sufficiently important on its own, I think it should be split out into its own article instead. This follows the natural pattern with other articles, like SHA-2 article being split out of of the original SHA-1, as the importance of SHA-2 grew over time. Whether ChaCha is important enough, I don't know. -- intgr [talk] 18:20, 24 November 2014 (UTC)

 * The article already covered ChaCha, and ChaCha (cipher) redirects to this article. All I did is make the intro fully reflect the article's content, per WP:LEAD. As for your SHA-2 example, SHA-2 is in fact a family of six algorithms, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-512/224, and SHA-512/256. There are far greater differences between the members of the SHA 2 family than there is between Salsa20 and ChaCha, which are almost identical in structure and interface, with just a different round function. They share the same author, have similar performance and were crypto-analyzed together. Having separate articles would be almost entirely duplicative. There is nothing in WP:PRIMARYTOPIC or WP:PRECISION that requires separate articles in a situation like this.--agr (talk) 04:02, 25 November 2014 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry, I somehow missed your reply in my watchlist.
 * I didn't say PRIMARYTOPIC and PRECISION require a separate article, but they do say that there should be one primary topic per article; currently there are two. I think it was fine before, with ChaCha being a secondary subject. Can you point out any guidelines that support your approach?
 * Can you point out any precedents for articles covering two topics and using conjunction in the title? I don't remember seeing any, but I've seen plenty of examples solving it via primary/secondary topic or splitting.
 * Before your edits, the only place talking about ChaCha was the last content section of the article. The intro, infobox, cryptanalysis, etc., was all about Salsa20. I think it would make more sense to change redirects to link to the section directly, which is a common style. Per LEAD I think it's fine to mention ChaCha as a separate sentence in the lead, but not to make it seem like the whole article talks about both.
 * I think your SHA-2 analogy doesn't work because it has one well-defined primary topic: the SHA-2 standard and everything defined therein. The article's title isn't called SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256.
 * For controversial moves you should follow the WP:RM process, I am going to move it back per WP:RM for now.
 * -- intgr [talk] 22:12, 1 December 2014 (UTC)

 * You reverted the edits to the lead section. If you have an opinion on this question then please share it. -- intgr [talk] 10:08, 2 December 2014 (UTC)

 * My opinion is "Section of ChaCha variants already exist. No need to mention in lead." That's it. I don't agree to renaming the article title to "Salsa20 and ChaCha". SHA-3 need to be renamed to "SHA-3, SHAKE, and Keccak"? SHA-1 to "SHA-1 and SHA-0"? BLAKE (hash function) to "BLAKE and BLAKE2"? Advanced Encryption Standard to "Advanced Encryption Standard and Rijndael"? It's verbose, meaningless, and nonsense. No positive effect for readers. --Claw of Slime (talk) 16:47, 2 December 2014 (UTC)

 * I am supportive of splitting them out to independent articles. For example, DES and Triple DES have their own pages despite being even more similar than Salsa and Chacha. KMeyer (talk) 14:43, 28 August 2018 (UTC)

User:intgr suggests: "Per LEAD I think it's fine to mention ChaCha as a separate sentence in the lead..." I can live with that and have added one. Also added a ref about Google's use of ChaCha. Perhaps that is enough reason for a separate article on ChaCha. --agr (talk) 01:26, 4 December 2014 (UTC)

 * I agree current lead section and ChaCha section. Thank you Agr. --Claw of Slime (talk) 08:57, 4 December 2014 (UTC)

Rename it to Chacha20
Chacha20 is now way more popular than Salsa20. It was adopted by Google. It's supported by Chrome, Firefox. It's part of TLS 1.3. It's in newer version of Open SSL. The article should primarily focus on Chacha20 with Salsa20 as sub section. It should also be renamed to Chacha20 OneGuy (talk) 16:20, 17 January 2017 (UTC)

ChaCha20 and non-interoperability
The IETF modified Bernstein's algorithm for use in TLS. The CFRG approved the changes. Documenting the interoperability problems is important for implementers and other parties interested in the technical details of the algorithm.

The issue was raise on both the [Linux] Kernel Crypto mailing list and the IETF's TLS Working Group mailing list. It was suggested the IETF change their algorithm name to "TLS-ChaCha20" or similar to aid in disambiguation. The IETF declined, arguing [sic], "We published the algorithm as RFC 7905. Within the context of the RFC the name is correct".

As someone who experienced the interoperability problems, it would have been great to have the information at my fingertips instead of searching mailing lists archives for the cause of the break.

I reverted Claw of Slime's revert to the original documenting of the interoperability problem. Claw of Slime gave no reasons for the revert. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Noloader (talk • contribs)

 * While everything you wrote may be correct, in Wikipedia we expect statements to be verifiable. That is, if you add material that might be challenged by someone, you need to provide sources. I'm afraid Claw of Slime was correct to revert this edit; the edit summary says "meed [sic] references".
 * While mailing list posts etc are sometimes used and accepted as sources, it's even better if you could find published sources, see WP:RS if you want the details. -- intgr [talk] 07:19, 7 August 2017 (UTC)

 * Anyway that's a moot point now, already updated it. -- intgr [talk] 19:49, 7 August 2017 (UTC)

Invertivle
This section needs some clarification.

Normally in a stream cipher you want to be able to go from step n to step n-1 deterministically, as that makes it much more unlikely that you will end up with a short loop, as any such loop would have to go through the initial state. It also makes it easy to detect a loop for that reason. So I do not understand that section. Tuntable (talk) 07:30, 16 December 2018 (UTC)

Suggesting to reverse RFC references to most current first, perhaps with history included later
The text currently states:

An implementation reference for ChaCha20 has been published in RFC 7539...

...and then...

In 2018, RFC 7539 was obsoleted by RFC 8439

Historically, that's true, however I would suggest that this be reversed. Most people want to know the most current standard, and will stop reading when they get to the first RFC reference. Perhaps:

The current implementation reference for ChaCha20 is published in RFC 8439...

...

ChaCha20 was originally documented as an Internet standard in 2015, as RFC 7539 (now superceded by RFC 8439).

Davidfinnie (talk) 07:30, 18 December 2019 (UTC)

XSalsa description
The current XSalsa description is not complete enough. Specifically it does not describe the setup in full and makes it appear like only 128 bits of the nonce is used.

Artoria2e5 🌉 07:06, 8 May 2024 (UTC)
 * It does not mention HSalsa20 by name, though it alludes to it by describing "without the final addition", "128-bit nonce". This is page 5 of xsalsa-20110204.pdf.
 * There is no description of the first mixing of the 256 bits from HSalsa20. This is page 5-6 of xsalsa-20110204.pdf, starting with "XSalsa20/r produces a 512-bit output block starting from a 512-bit input block".
 * There is no description of the final setup of the XSalsa20 initial state, which finally explains how the last 64 bits of the nonce is used. This is page 6 of xsalsa-20110204.pdf, starting with "It then builds a new 512-bit input block".

title: Talk:Salsa20


text:
Louise Gore

Beatrice Louise Gore (March 6, 1925 – October 6, 2005) was an American Republican politician from Maryland.

Born in Leesburg, Virginia, Gore was a prominent Maryland political heavy weight and daughter of lawyer and real estate investor H. Grady Gore. She served as a member of the Maryland's General Assembly from 1963 to 1969 serving as a State Senator from Potomac in Montgomery County (see the Maryland Manuals for 1963 through 1969). She was a Republican National Committee member from 1972 to 1984 and worked for Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidential campaign in 1952.

In 1974, Gore launched an unsuccessful bid for governor of Maryland against then incumbent Marvin Mandel, who was the successor to Spiro T. Agnew. She was opposed by Congressman Lawrence J. Hogan Sr. (R) who represented the congressional district encompassing Prince George County and who had served on the House Judiciary Committee being one of the Republicans who helped draw up and vote for the "Articles of Impeachment" against then-President Richard M. Nixon. Gore was considered to be the underdog candidate in the Republican primary to Hogan but won in an upset believed due to Hogan's anti-Nixon stance. Gore was considered at the time to be a "liberal Republican" but because she did not take an open public stand against Nixon (though she personally supported Nixon's removal) and many "loyal" Republicans voted for her over Hogan. Gore became the first woman of either major political party in Maryland to be nominated for governor. Gore's gubernatorial campaign included a lion and a placard which read: "Gore is no pussycat." Gore fought against Governor Marvin Mandel who was criticized for an extramarital affair which later resulted in a divorce between Mandel and his first wife. He was also suspected of corruption. Gore was subjected to a "whisper campaign" concerning her sexuality which was suspected but never proved as she had never married. Mandel won in a landslide.

Gore was a second cousin of former Vice President Al Gore through their common ancestor Charles Claiborne Gore. Her sister, Mary Gore Dean, was the mistress of Attorney General John Mitchell and a Watergate scandal figure, and Mary's daughter is Deborah Gore Dean, a former official in the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development convicted in a kickback scheme.

title: Louise Gore