text:
Battle of Petrovaradin

The Battle of Petrovaradin also known as the Battle of Peterwardein, took place on 5 August 1716 during the Austro-Turkish War when the Ottoman army besieged the Habsburg-controlled fortress of Petrovaradin on the Military Frontier of the Habsburg monarchy (today Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia). The Ottomans attempted to capture Petrovaradin, the so-called Gibraltar on the Danube, but experienced a great defeat by an army half the size of their own, similar to the defeat they had experienced in 1697 at the Battle of Zenta. Ottoman Grand Vizier Damad Ali Pasha was fatally wounded, while the Ottoman army lost 20,000 men and 250 guns to the Habsburg army led by Field Marshal Prince Eugene of Savoy.

The Austrians consolidated this victory by marching into the Banat and conquering Temesvár, the last remaining Turkish fortress in Hungary, followed by Belgrade.

Background
In the summer of 1715, the Ottoman Empire started to reclaim the Peloponnese, which had been ceded to the Republic of Venice by the Karlowitz Treaty in 1699. The Turks, led by Grand Vizier Damat Ali Pasha, easily reconquered the Venetian Kingdom of the Morea (the Greek Peloponnese). Having made an alliance with Venice in April 1716, Austria demanded full withdrawal from the Ottoman Empire as well as compensation to Venice for the continued violation of the stipulations of the Karlowitz treaty; the Ottoman grand-vizier, confident that he could defeat the Habsburgs and even regain Hungary, responded by declaring war on 15 May 1716.

Prelude
Damat Ali Pasha, the Sultan's son-in-law, left Constantinople with a 120,000 strong Turkish Army taking nearly three months to cover the 440 miles to Belgrade. There he consolidated an Ottoman force of 150,000 soldiers, at the core of which were 41,000 elite Janissaries and 30,000 Sipahi Ottoman cavalry, along with Tatar and Wallachian auxiliaries. They crossed the Sava at Zemun on 26 of July, and moved on the right bank of the Danube towards Sremski Karlovci in Habsburg territory.

The commander of the Austrian forces, Prince Eugene of Savoy, decided to engage the Ottomans at Petrovaradin. Eugene arrived at the fortress on 9 July. He had arranged for the construction of a fortified encampment within the Petrovaradin fortress which was nicknamed Gibraltar on the Danube. Eugene set the 60,000-strong Imperial army on the march from their quarters in Futog. Inside the Petrovaradin garrison were 8,000 men consisting primarily of Serbs. Serving in the Austrian army were Croatian and Hungarian infantry and cavalry regiments (approx. 42,000 men); Serbian border soldiers from Vojvodina; and the auxiliaries from Württemberg. On August 2, the first skirmish between the Imperial vanguard and Ottoman horsemen occurred when Field Marshal Count János Pálffy, with a small body of men, lead a group on reconnaissance but ran into more than 10,000 Turkish cavalry in the area of Karlowitz. The imperialists managed to make it back to camp but lost 700 men in the engagement and Field Marshal Count Siegfried Breuner was captured. By the next day, the Grand Vizier had reached Petrovaradin and immediately dispatched 30,000 Janissaries against the imperial positions. The Janissaries dug saps and began to bombard the fortress. The bulk of the Imperial army crossed the Danube on 4 August by two pontoon bridges of boats, after which on the night of 4–5 August they encamped south of Peterwardein. Their arrival was made under the cover of an unusual summer snowstorm.

Battle
Given their numerical disadvantage, Prince Eugene decided to station his men with one flank on the Danube and the other on the fortifications, using an entrenchment left from a battle that occurred outside Peterwardein's southern walls. A storm had damaged the bridges on the Danube delaying the deployment of the Imperial forces. Eugene took a high position from where he could command his troops.

Ready for battle were 64 battalions, 187 cavalry squadrons and 80 guns. The infantry behind the foremost entrenchment formed the center in three lines under the command of Field Marshal Sigbert Heister and Guido Starhemberg; to the left most of the cavalry under János Pálffy; and on the right wing a separate group of four cavalry regiments under Sigbert Heister and General of Cavalry Ebergenyi. A completely independent group of six battalions outside the ramparts, under the command of Alexander von Württemberg, acted as a liaison between the center army and the left wing cavalry, outside the ramparts, ready to advance in support. The Ottoman commander, feeling confident after defeating the reconnaissance group, demanded the surrender of the fortress. Eugene responded, "We will attack!"

On 5 August at seven o'clock in the morning, Eugene launched the Austrian offensive with a massive attack supported by frigates in the Danube river. The Imperial left wing infantry of Württemberg easily took the first Ottoman positions and a battery of ten guns while the cavalry of Pálffy drove the opposite riders from the field. At the same moment, the Imperial center ran into over-powering numbers of Janissaries who managed to push Starhemberg's troops back into their entrenchments. Another infantry charge from Heister this time was again repulsed despite help from the imperial cuirassiers; when the Imperial lines started breaking up, the Janissaries decided to push forward at the Habsburg center but in doing so exposed both of their flanks.

At this decisive moment, Eugene sent Ebergenyi's cavalry to attack the left wing while ordering Württemberg's battalions to attack the right supporting by cuirassiers. At the same time Eugene sent the reserve of Lõffelholz to secure the center that was now moving forward. Meanwhile, the cannons of the fortress started ripping into the Turkish lines. János Pálffy with the Habsburg cavalry pushed back the Ottoman cavalry blocking simultaneously the escape route of the Janissaries, the Habsburg infantry moved in after the remaining Turks. Eugene launched a general attack leading the charge himself against the Ottoman's encampment. Damat Ali Pasha who, at the head of his bodyguard, plunged into the battle in a desperate charge, was killed, as well as the governors of Anatolia and Adana, Türk Ahmed Pasha and Hüseyn Pasha, along with 20,000 men. The Imperialists loss were 3,695 common soldiers and 469 officers. The battle was over by 2 pm. Eugene of Savoy had taken only five hours to rout the Ottomans. Eugene wrote his report on the battle from Damad Ali's tent, reporting the seizure of 172 cannons, 156 banners, and five horse-tail standards as well as the Turkish war chest.

Aftermath
The Imperial Army spent the 5th and 6th of August on the battlefield, on the 7th it crossed the left bank of the Danube. A cavalry group made up of 1,400 riders, including 200 hussars, under General Carl Graf von Eckh set out in pursuit of the Turks.

Within 20 days, Eugene had marched his army into the Banat, subduing the countryside with the help of Serbian irregulars and besieged the fortress of Temeşvar, which had been in Ottoman hands since 1552; on 16 October, after a siege of 43 days, Temeşvar surrendered. It was followed by Belgrade, which fell into the hands of the Habsburg armies on 18 August 1717, when once again Eugene led the Austrian army to victory against superior forces, advancing for the first time deep into Ottoman territory.

Legacy
A pilgrimage church was built at Tekije (part of Petrovaradin), on the hill overlooking the battlefield. It houses the shrine of Our Lady of the Snows. The site is a place of pilgrimage every 5 August. At the place of the battlefield on Vezirac hill in Petrovaradin, a monument that honors the victory of the Austrian army was erected in 1902, designed by Zagreb architect Herman Bollé.

title: Battle of Petrovaradin


text:
Medway Gap

The Medway Gap is a topographic feature in Kent, England.

It was created when the prehistoric River Medway cut roughly south to north through the line of chalk hills now known as the North Downs; other rivers such as the Darent and the Stour have similar features.

Its past significance as a means of travel is indicated by the prehistoric Medway megaliths in the area. Today the Medway Valley railway line and the A228 road both run through the valley, connecting Tonbridge, West Malling and the Medway Towns. At the north end of the Medway Gap, the river is crossed by the M2 motorway and High Speed 1 viaducts.

Environment
The Gap is designated as a Biodiversity Opportunity Area by Kent County Council. It also has the effect of creating local weather patterns, thereby frequently exhibiting opposite conditions to the surrounding countryside.

Human settlement
In the borough of Tonbridge and Malling, the "Medway Gap" refers to the group of villages in this area i.e. Aylesford, East Malling, Larkfield and Leybourne. Much of the residential development in this area took place after World War II. Most of these settlements are in the Chatham and Aylesford constituency.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Medway Gap


text:
Help talk:Purge

Namespace
Question: should this page be moved to the Wikipedia namespace? I see that some pages are in the Help space, such as Help:Starting a new page, Help:Template, etc. but would this be better in the Wikipedia space along with pages such as Article size, Redirect, Categorization, etc?  Rob e  rt  21:57, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I think that would be a good idea. Courtland 03:47, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, I moved it. If anyone has a problem with it, let me know.  Rob e  rt  22:51, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I see no problems here. Good work! -- S iva1979 Talk to me  23:30, 31 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm wondering if this actually belongs in mediawiki space (i.e. Purge, a page which does not exist) as it appears to be a mediawiki function and not one specific to wikipedia. For instance, see the "How do I purge cached pages?" section of the MediaWiki FAQ. User:Ceyockey ( talk to me ) 00:02, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

Purge tab
Can there be a tab for purging the current page on top, alongside "article", "discussion", "edit this page", etc.? Either by default or is there code for placing it in the user's CSS file? --Geopgeop 07:14, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I found just that. See WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/Add purge to tabs.  See WikiProject User scripts/Scripts for instructions.  Note that you must import the code on the purge source page.  Don't copy the purge source or change that page. Will (Talk - contribs) 06:35, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

 * The above instructions, rather the info on the linked pages, really isn't clear to me. I'm interested in making a tab accessible to all users, even anonymous ones, that when clicked purges the cache for the currently displayed page. What would be the best way to accomplish this? 156.145.28.120 (talk) 19:59, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

Image thumbnail purge instructions confusing
Could someone please revise/rewrite the instructions for purging images, for example, using a stepwise format (1., 2., 3., ...)? I'm having trouble getting a thumbnail to display, and I'm not sure I'm following the instructions correctly. Robert K S 19:22, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I'll second that, I just wrote below:
 * this section has something I don't understand. It reads, "The solution is to request the thumbnail with an unusual URL, say by appending ?1 to the end." Q: how does one request a thumbnail, what does that mean? Pdbailey 00:36, 17 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, the description is confusing. What should be added where? A few examples definately would make things clearer. Shinobu 17:12, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

How to purge
The instructions say to add &action=purge to the url. This doesn't work. If you want to purge Main Page, you have to change "/wiki/Main_Page" to "/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=purge". Also, it tells you to add to the page. But saving it automatically refreshes the page. You should click "Preview" instead of "Save", then click the purge link, or make a just dummy edit (like adding a space) to the page. --67.121.126.160 02:53, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

 * If you enter the URL in the form  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/article  then to purge it you add
 * ?action=purge, thus:
 *  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/article?action=purge .
 * Or you can do
 *  http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=article&action=purge .
 * 69.140.164.142 04:24, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

Cache Auto-Purge?
Is there a way (either Wikimarkup or HTML) to code for a page to purge its cache upon (or ideally before) loading?  -RadicalOne •Contact Me•Chase My Tail 05:49, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

I was also wondering about this. I frequently update basketball team pages and I have to purge each page after editing the standings to force the standings template to update each time. --Zach Pepsin (talk) 14:29, 15 January 2014 (UTC)

How it works
"How it works" does not seem to explain why sometimes, and for days after an edit has been made, an old version of the article itself (not a subpage or template) may be displayed, only finally being updated when the cache is purged. It seems that there is more to it (and more things that can go wrong, or at least suffer from latency) than the explanation pretends. (Note that I am not talking about issues with local caching, I'm talking about Wikipedia's own caching.) 86.152.242.168 (talk) 17:51, 13 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Try both purging the article, and then bypassing your browser cache (Ctrl-F5 in Firefox). Do the purge first. --Timeshifter (talk) 13:56, 16 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks, but I already know about doing both these things. My point is not to ask for advice on procedures for rectifying the stale page problem, my point is that the "how it works" section does not seem to adequately explain why the problem occurs. 86.146.47.224 (talk) 19:23, 16 April 2010 (UTC).

 * OK. Hopefully, someone who understands it better than me can clarify that section. --Timeshifter (talk) 23:50, 16 April 2010 (UTC)
 * You can also purge a page by just clicking on "Edit" at the top of the page, and then just click on "Save". Your edit will not be displayed in the page history, but it will purge the page. See Purge for more information on how to do it that way. Thanks. / Hey Mid  (contributions) 16:12, 14 August 2010 (UTC)

Why would you want to do this?
Well, why? There should be an addition in the lead of the project page indicating the purpose of this thing. Your puzzled friend, GeorgeLouis (talk) 17:45, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I don't understand the purpose of purging either. --Shovan Luessi (talk) 04:22, 6 March 2011 (UTC)

Purge is flaky?
Is there a reason why purges often don't work? Here are a couple examples...

File:Haakon7.jpg - If you click that link, you are presented with the OLD image. Click that old image and you get the NEW image. No amount of "?action=purge" seems to get the displayed image to update.

File:Hoapili_Kaauwai_and_Kiliwehi.jpg - If you click on this one, you get the NEW image. Click that new image and you get the OLD image.

WTF?

This sort of thing doesn't happen all the time, just sometimes.

Am I doing something wrong or is the Wikimedia software simply squirrely?

JBarta (talk) 23:51, 13 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I have the same problem here with File:Vectorbundle.svg. Old Thumbnails but if you click them you get the new picture. I tried all sorts of "purge" nothing works. Why??--Svebert (talk) 17:29, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
 * ok... know everything is fine. Was it just random luck or did the additionally link from here to the picture the magic "purge"??--Svebert (talk) 17:31, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Seems buggy (not flakey) to me! After making changes to low level documentation templates, only some of the articles including it get purged correctly. Others do not, even after using purge directly. Only clicking edit, then save (with no changes) does the trick. SChalice  18:02, 16 February 2012 (UTC)
 * The images mentioned, i.e. File:Haakon7.jpg File:Hoapili_Kaauwai_and_Kiliwehi.jpg File:Vectorbundle.svg are all images on commons. You need to go to the commons page before purging. The link to the commons page is in the box below the image, and is shown as "description page there". -- Red rose64 (talk) 21:04, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

 * A day after making the changes, I went to my Special:WantedTemplates and saw deleted templates that my wiki had thought had links to. I kept refreshing that page and witnessed it slowly purging the articles that needed it. Each refresh kept ticking the number down on the deleted templates.  SChalice  00:40, 17 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Two things: (i) Special:WantedTemplates is no longer maintained: at the top it states "The following information is cached, and was last updated 18:25, 15 October 2009. ... Updates for this page are currently disabled. Data here will not presently be refreshed."; (ii) when a template is deleted - or just amended - the pages transcluding that template are not updated immediately, but must take their turn in the job queue. If there have been many template changes, the job queue can take some hours to process a task. It's not a problem with purging. -- Red rose64 (talk) 13:08, 17 February 2012 (UTC)

Plain English for Template:Purge
There is a discussion about revising the language of this template at Template talk:Purge. ~ Ningauble (talk) 19:48, 29 November 2011 (UTC)

When will this be fixed?
Hi, does anyone know the current status of this bug and when it is likely to be fixed? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.176.210.14 (talk) 01:48, 14 January 2012 (UTC)

Wording in "How it wortks"
Maybe I'm reading it wrong or completely misunderstand the software, but I don't think this section is describing things properly. To my knowledge, any user of Wikipedia gets a parser-cached page if one is available. The difference for registered editors is that the cached page has to match their preferences (like default thumbnail size, etc) or else it gets re-parsed for them (and cached). But if the last editor of the page had the same prefernces as me, I would get the version cached when they looked at the page. This has to be true, because I need to use ?action=purge too, to get a page to display properly - so I'm obviously not getting a re-parsed page every time I view it.

As to the parenthetical "(Logged-in users have a choice...)", the option I see is "Disable browser page caching", is that what is meant? I read that as being about the browser cache on the individual editor's computer (i.e. automatically WP:REFRESH), not anything to do with how MediaWiki does its own caching.

Am I right on these two points? Or wa-a-ay off? Franamax (talk) 00:41, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

Twinkle friendly clock no more?
It looks like the Twinkle friendly clock no longer exists. If so, should it no longer be mentioned as a means of purging the cache? — Loadmaster (talk) 16:06, 23 May 2012 (UTC)

Automated purge for all pages that are using a particular template?
Recently a template was vandalized (see this discussion). After fixing it all the pages that used it need to be purged (these pages). Doing each manually is painful. Is there a script that can help with this? - Subh83 (talk | contribs) 16:36, 27 December 2013 (UTC)
 * The job queue is supposed to. But seven months ago something happened to it, and it's much slower and sometimes misses pages. -- Red rose64 (talk) 20:27, 27 December 2013 (UTC)

Trick to purging video?
The page/thumbnail is updated but when you click on the video (and this is any time not just in this particular file's case), the pop up plays the old video. It does update eventually but over a significant amount of time (so far its been 12 hours for instance). Darkwarriorblake (talk) 11:17, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

Responsible recursive purging?
What would constitute irresponsible use of the recursive purge? 20 articles? a thousand? fifty thousand? The current verbiage is not only incredibly vague, it offers absolutely no guidance on how one would go about evaluating whether a particular request should or should not be made. VanIsaacWScont 06:17, 18 August 2014 (UTC)
 * It's okay, that feature doesn't work anyway. :p --joe deckertalk 22:12, 21 July 2017 (UTC)

REVISIONTIMESTAMP
The  variable shows the time of the last actual edit to the page, for example  which represents. I have found that if a WP:NULLEDIT is made, the value returned by  is the time when the WP:NULLEDIT was performed; but if you subsequently do a WP:PURGE, the value returned by   is restored to the time of the last actual edit to the page - any intervening NULLEDITs are ignored. -- Red rose64 (talk) 10:29, 7 June 2015 (UTC)

Substituting redlinks
When you use subst: with a non-existent template or page, no expansion occurs. If the template or page has later been created, editing the page with subst: without changing the text will not make a null edit, but instead substitute the created template or page. GeoffreyT2000 (talk) 03:32, 17 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Which is why all edits should be WP:PREVIEWed - especially those where you added a template or used subst:. -- Red rose64 (talk) 07:43, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

Substituting Template:Void
Adding is treated as a null edit. GeoffreyT2000 (talk) 01:47, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes, because once the  portion is removed, there's nothing left. But having clicked the edit tab in order to add a it's far quicker to simply not type that in, and go straight to . -- Red rose64 (talk) 08:49, 18 December 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 May 2021
In the section "Server cache" "it's turn" should read "its turn" 1.136.104.193 (talk) 17:23, 7 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 17:32, 7 May 2021 (UTC)

Purging old revisions of an article?
I was just trying to purge an old revision of an article after having corrected a problem in a template that the old revision invokes (but the current version of the article does not). It was not effective (by dropdown or by &action=purge). Is that expected behavior? I suppose it might have been thought not worth the effort to implement since the cache of the revision will eventually drop the old interpretation. (Trying adjacent old revisions which had not been recently displayed did show that the template revision was effective for new, uncached, displays.) Should the Wikipedia page mention the restrictions? --R. S. Shaw (talk) 19:50, 8 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Whatever revision you are viewing when you request a purge, it acts on the current revision immediately, and old revs get their purge requests put in a queue. They will be actioned eventually, but cached copies of old revs will continued to be served until the queue catches up. -- Red rose64 🌹 (talk) 19:58, 8 October 2021 (UTC)

Question of grandly Curiosity
Here, what happens if a bot is programmed to purge [Wikipedia:SANDBOX] ?

Thanks, 88.105.125.18 (talk) 19:42, 28 May 2022 (UTC)

"Wikipedia:Ø" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Wikipedia:Ø and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 August 9 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. FAdesdae378 (talk · contribs) 00:09, 9 August 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 23 August 2023
Add Purge local browser cache after Y Micorsoft Edge Insert X Command + R in MacOS 47.234.198.142 (talk) 03:53, 23 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: no reason given for the proposed change. M.Bitton (talk) 11:09, 28 August 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 29 April 2024
It doesn't seem like Special:Purge is mentioned anywhere on the page yet, so please add this new paragraph to the Help:Purge section:

Feel free to make the special pages wikilink plain text if it's too much. – 2804:F14:80C8:4701:F4E7:1EC8:CF9F:1541 (talk) 03:49, 29 April 2024 (UTC)

 * ✅  thetechie@enwiki  :  ~/talk/  $  00:05, 21 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Help talk:Purge


text:
Now & Forever: The Hits

Now & Forever: The Hits is the first greatest hits album by American girl group TLC. It was released by Arista Records on September 30, 2003, in Japan, on November 24, 2003, in the United Kingdom and on June 21, 2005, in North America.

The album comprises nearly all of their singles (excluding "Hands Up" and "Dear Lie") released between 1991 and 2003. Most of the tracks on the album are radio edits in order to fit all of the songs into one disc. The album contains tracks such as a 2003 production "Come Get Some", which featured Lil Jon and Sean Paul of YoungBloodz, and "Whoop De Woo", a leftover track from the 3D recording sessions. In September 2005, the album was reissued digitally to include "I Bet", the single which featured winner O'so Krispie from TLC's UPN reality television series R U the Girl.

The album debuted to number 53 on the Billboard 200, selling approximately 26,000 copies in its first. It briefly reentered the Billboard 200 at number 169 in November 2013 following the premiere of the group's biopic CrazySexyCool: The TLC Story on VH1.

Sample credits

 * "Ain't 2 Proud 2 Beg" contains samples of "Escape-ism" by James Brown, "Jungle Boogie" by Kool & the Gang and "School Boy Crush" by Average White Band.
 * "Hat 2 da Back" contains samples of "Big Ole Butt" by LL Cool J and "What Makes You Happy" by KC and the Sunshine Band.
 * "Creep" contains a sample of "Hey Young World" by Slick Rick.

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Now & Forever: The Hits.

Musicians

 * Dallas Austin – arrangement (tracks 1–3, 11, 13, 16, 17)
 * Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes – rap (track 12)
 * Craig Love – guitar (track 14)

Technical

 * Dallas Austin – production (tracks 1–4, 6, 13, 16, 17)
 * Tim & Bob – production (track 4)
 * L.A. Reid – production (track 5); executive production
 * Babyface – production (tracks 5, 7, 9)
 * Daryl Simmons – production (track 5)
 * Organized Noize – production (track 8)
 * Jermaine Dupri – production, remix (track 10)
 * Manuel Seal – co-production (track 10)
 * Cyptron – production (track 11)
 * Kevin "She'kspere" Briggs – production (track 12)
 * Jonathan "Lil Jon" Smith – production, mixing (track 14)
 * Mark "Exit" Goodchild – recording (track 14)
 * John Frye – recording, mixing (track 14)
 * Sam Thomas – recording (track 14)
 * Delicia Hassan – production coordination (track 14)
 * Eddie Hustle – production (track 15)
 * The Neptunes – production (track 18)
 * Rodney Jerkins – production, vocal production (track 19)
 * TLC – executive production
 * Herb Powers Jr. – mastering

Artwork

 * Courtney Walter – art direction, design
 * Jack Chuck – cover photography
 * Dah Len, Seb Janiak, Michael Lavine, Arnold Turner, Sheryl Nields – photography
 * Shahid Ali – inside illustration

Now & Forever: The Video Hits
Now & Forever: The Video Hits is a music video compilation containing TLC's music videos from 1992 to 2002. It was released on DVD in Japan in 2003 and in Australia in 2004 by Arista Records with the same track listing, cover and inside booklet. The compilation was eventually released on August 20, 2007, in the United Kingdom to coincide with the release of the group's second compilation album, Crazy Sexy Hits: The Very Best of TLC.

Special features

 * Behind-the-scenes footage
 * Photo gallery
 * Dolby Digital 5.1 Sound

title: Now & Forever: The Hits


text:
Saulius Štombergas

Saulius Štombergas (born December 14, 1973) is a retired Lithuanian professional basketball player, basketball coach and businessman. Štombergas is one of the greatest Lithuanian basketball players of all time, and he was also considered to be a great team leader, as he managed to play very well under pressure, and at the end of games. He was also known for his 3-point shooting ability.

Professional career
Štombergas' club teams during his playing career, were, in the order in which he played for them: Atletas Kaunas, Vostok Shanghai (Chinese CBA), Žalgiris Kaunas, Kinder Bologna, TAU Cerámica Vitoria, Efes Pilsen Istanbul, Unics Kazan, and Ülker Istanbul. He holds the record in the EuroLeague, since the year 2000, for the most 3-point field goals made in a game, without a miss.

National team career
Štombergas played for the senior men's Lithuanian national basketball team, from 1995 to 2004.

During the 11 years that he played as a Lithuanian international national team player, he played in 97 official games, and scored 1,036 points, for his home country. He won two bronze medals at the Summer Olympic Games, in 1996, and 2000. He also won a silver medal at the EuroBasket 1995, and as the captain of the senior national team, he won the gold medal of the same competition, in 2003. He was also named to the All-Tournament Team.

He also played at the EuroBasket 1997, the 1998 FIBA World Championship, the EuroBasket 1999, the EuroBasket 2001, and the 2004 Summer Olympic Games. He was the flag bearer for Team Lithuania, at the 2004 Olympics.

Coaching career
After he retired from playing professional basketball, Štombergas began his career as a basketball coach in 2011. He worked as a head coach for BC Žalgiris-2 in the NKL, before joining BC Žalgiris as an assistant coach for the 2012-2013 season. He briefly served as head coach in the 2013-2014 season, before resigning in April after disappointing results.

EuroLeague

 * style="text-align:left;"| 2000–01
 * style="text-align:left;"| TAU Cerámica
 * 22 || 20 || 27.2 || .520 || .512 || .827 || 2.4 || .7 || .9 || .2 || 12.0 || 10.5
 * style="text-align:left;"| 2001–02
 * style="text-align:left;"| Efes Pilsen
 * 20 || 19 || 27.3 || .493 || .487 || .770 || 3.0 || 1.2 || 1.6 || .1 || 11.6 || 10.1
 * style="text-align:left;"| 2002–03
 * style="text-align:left;"| Žalgiris
 * 14 || 13 || 30.0 || .475 || .415 || .886 || 4.1 || 1.3 || .6 || .1 || 13.6 || 12.1
 * style="text-align:left;"| 2004–05
 * style="text-align:left;"| Ülker
 * 22 || 22 || 29.5 || .405 || .299 || .838 || 3.5 || 1.0 || 1.3 || .1 || 10.3 || 7.9
 * -class="sortbottom"
 * style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
 * 78 || 74 || 28.5 || .469 || .420 || .825 || 3.2 || 1.0 || 1.2 || .1 || 11.7 || 10.0
 * 22 || 22 || 29.5 || .405 || .299 || .838 || 3.5 || 1.0 || 1.3 || .1 || 10.3 || 7.9
 * -class="sortbottom"
 * style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
 * 78 || 74 || 28.5 || .469 || .420 || .825 || 3.2 || 1.0 || 1.2 || .1 || 11.7 || 10.0

Pro clubs

 * 5× Lithuanian All-Star Game: 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2003
 * Lithuanian All-Star Game MVP: 1995
 * FIBA Saporta Cup Champion: 1998
 * FIBA Saporta Cup Finals MVP: 1998
 * FIBA Saporta Cup Finals Top Scorer: 1998
 * 3× Lithuanian League Champion: 1998, 1999, 2003
 * FIBA EuroStar: 1998
 * North European League Champion: 1999
 * EuroLeague champion: 1999
 * Spanish League All-Star Game: 2001
 * 2× Turkish Cup Winner: 2002, 2005
 * Turkish League Champion: 2002
 * FIBA Europe League (FIBA EuroChallenge) All-Star: 2004
 * FIBA Europe League (FIBA EuroChallenge) Champion: 2004
 * Turkish Super Cup Winner: 2004
 * Turkish League All-Star Game: 2005

Lithuanian senior national team

 * 1995 EuroBasket:
 * 1996 Summer Olympic Games:
 * 1998 Goodwill Games:
 * 2000 Summer Olympic Games:
 * 2003 EuroBasket:
 * 2003 EuroBasket: All-Tournament Team

title: Saulius Štombergas


text:
George Bourne

George Bourne (1780–1845) was a 19th-century abolitionist Presbyterian minister and editor in the United States, credited as the first public proclaimer of "immediate emancipation without compensation" of American slaves. He and his wife immigrated to the United States from England and settled in Virginia. Several of his sons were also prominent.

Born June 13, 1780 in Westbury, Wiltshire, England, he migrated to New York in 1804 and became the editor and co-owner of the Baltimore Daily Gazette in 1806. In 1810 he moved to Virginia and became a Presbyterian minister.

In 1816, he wrote and printed at home The Book and Slavery Irreconcilable by a citizen of Virginia. In his journalistic career, he wrote over twenty-two books including biographies of Rev John Wesley and Napoleon Bonaparte. His book on Thomas Jefferson and his presidency has been lost. He was one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society and worked fervently at developing an American Protestant alliance of churches. His Picture of Slavery in the United States of America was published in 1834 and included illustrations of whippings and an auction. He also was the editor of various publications dealing with anti-slavery and poperism, most notably the Christian Intelligencer at the time of his death in New York City on November 20, 1845.

Ancestry
George Bourne descended from an ancestral line embracing some of the names illustrious as martyrs and confessors in the first annals of the Reformation and the era succeeding, and to be early placed under decided religious influences, and among favorable religious associations. His father, Samuel Bourne, was for thirty years a deacon of the Congregational Church at Westbury. His mother was Mary Rogers, a lineal descendant of John Rogers, the Proto-martyr in the reign of persecuting Queen Mary, and who was the gifted translator and editor of the Bible which he published under the nom de plume of "Thomas Matthews", supplementing and completing the work of Tyndale and Coverdale.

His maternal grandmother was Mary Cotton, daughter of Rowland Cotton, physical doctor of Warminster and preacher at Horningsham, son of Seaborn Cotton and Prudence Wade, who was son of Rev John Cotton, the first Puritan minister of Boston. On his father's side, he reckoned the martyr James Johnston, who suffered death at the Cross of Glasgow, in 1684, in defense of "Covenant and work of Reformation", at the time of the bloody Anglican persecution against the Presbyterians of Scotland.

Early life
He studied at the seminary at Homerton, London. Being a staunch nonconformist, and inclined in favor of a republican form of government, he wrote articles which attracted attention, even of the cabinet ministry of that day. He took part in the growing discussions regarding slavery and slave-trade, along with the Wilberforces, Clarksons, Buxtons, and their compeers.

Marriage
In 1802 he paid a visit to the United States to assess the propriety of making it his home for ministerial labors. He wrote "Cursory Remarks of the United States of America" which is in the Library of Congress. He determined to return and settle, believing that greater freedom of conscience and liberty could be enjoyed in the United States than in England. At that time Dissenters were still compelled to use the clergy of the Church of England for certain services.

After his return to England, he married Mary Stibbs of Bath, Somerset. She to belong to the congregation of the Rev William Jay. They were married in St James' Church, Bristol, September 6, 1804, and shortly after sailed for New York. In 1805 he met the notorious scoffer Thomas Paine at the house of a bookseller in Maiden Lane. Paine confessed his motives for his infamous attacks on Christianity, recently republished in the Christian Advocate. Bourne's first settlement was at Baltimore, where also for some years he edited the Baltimore Daily Gazette.

A citizen of Virginia, the beginnings of ministry
About the year 1809, he removed to New Glasgow, Virginia, and thence to Port Republic, Virginia, where the first Presbyterian church built in that town was erected. He afterward removed to Harrisonburg in Rockingham County, Virginia, where he originated and became Secretary of the Religious Tract Society, and witnessed the system of American slavery. Believing himself ordained to preach the truth, he denounced the evils of the system publicly and privately. His steadfast opposition to the system of slavery was a constant offense to the slave-owners, who determined to get him away from Virginia. He was the object of persistent persecution.

Censorship by the Presbyterian Church
In 1815, he presented an overture to the General Assembly raising the question of whether Presbyterians who owned slaves could be Christians. The Assembly refused to act. Upon his return home to Harrisonburg, his presbytery voted his deposition from the ministry, i.e., de-frocking: removal from the ministry, sometimes known as "the right boot of fellowship."

In 1816, he published The Book and Slavery Irreconcilable, the most critical American anti-slavery book of its day. The theological importance of the book was that Bourne identified slaveholding as a sin. In his protest in 1815, he cited I Timothy 1:10, which links whoremongers and man-stealers. The Westminster Larger Catechism (1647) cites this verse (A. 142) in listing crimes against the Ten Commandments. This document has been one of the three official standards of American Presbyterianism from its formation in 1720.

The 1816 General Assembly retroactively removed this reference from his protest on procedural grounds. The reason for this was that the revision in the Church's Constitution (1806) had added a detailed critique of man-stealing, but this passage had never been affirmed by two-thirds of the presbyteries, as required by church law. This meant that the passage was not legally binding in a Presbyterian court. The General Assembly, whenever it specifically convenes as a court to hear a case, is the church's supreme court.

Part of the passage read: "The word he [Paul] uses in its original import, comprehends all who are concerned in bringing any of the human race into slavery, or in detaining them in it. . . . Stealers of men are all those who bring off slaves or freemen, and keep, sell, or buy them. To steal a freeman, says Grotius, is the highest kind of theft." This note was eliminated in editions of the Constitution published after 1816.

This undercut Bourne's protest, for the Bible's man-stealing passage and the 1806 statement had been the central pillars of his formal protest and his book. He appealed again in 1817. The General Assembly delayed making a decision. In 1818, the General Assembly upheld his presbytery's decision to de-frock him. This decision locked the largest Presbyterian denomination into official theological neutrality on the slave issue until 1866.

The Book and Slavery Irreconcilable
Its invectives are so keen and so pungent as to have formed the model for that style of denouncing the evils of slavery which became afterward so noted in the armory of Garrison and his friend, Wendell Phillips, and others."

Congregational Church and Lower Canada
About the year 1824 he was called from Mount Pleasant or Sing Sing Academy to take charge of the Congregational Church just commenced at Quebec, Canada, of which he was the first pastor.

Ministry and Teachings
"Several ably written accounts of the rise, progress and history of antislavery conflict in America have been published, but for lack of data covering the earlier presentations of that form of Antislavery known as "abolition without compensation," or "immediate abolition," they have failed to account for its origin. They have not explained why there was so great a change from the spirit and method of the advocates of emancipation of the era following the Revolution. It is fully time, therefore, that the persistent advocate of the doctrine of "immediate abolition without compensation," the originator of the American Antislavery Society and conflict, should be duly noticed, more especially as it will relieve the Churches from the apprehension that the contest originated with opponents of Christianity."

Character and abilities
Bourne was one of the most indefatigable students and workers of his day. He was scarcely ever without pen and paper, or book, in hand, even at his meals. In addition to the constant demand on him for matter for his paper, he was incessantly preparing articles, and preparing books for the press, for the Harpers, the Appletons, and other publishers. Very few men surpassed him in the variety and extent of his literary acquirements. To great mathematical knowledge he added large attainments in philological lore, and as a linguist he ranked high.

His proficiency in the Hebrew language was shown in his preparation of the English-Hebrew portion of Roy's Hebrew Lexicon. His memory was exceedingly retentive. It was said of him that he was a living concordance, gazetteer, Bible dictionary, etc. His general style of preaching was extempore and incisive. Multitudes thronged to hear him wherever he was announced to speak upon these topics. Rev Dr W C Brownlee was wont to say, "There are two men to whose preaching he always listened to with delight-Rev Dr Alexander and George Bourne."

Among the books of which he was the author are the following, in addition to those referred to: Picture of Quebec, Old Friends, The Reformers, Lorette, the History of a Canadian Nun; American Textbook of Popery, and Illustrations of Popery. It was the result of forty years of study. It is the concentrated information derived from over seven hundred volumes of writings of the most noted doctors, bishops, deans, cardinals, saints, and popes of the Romish Antichurch, and of the Greek, Oriental, and English Church, and of the "Fathers" and historians of the first four centuries. It contains a chronological table

By his Picture of Slavery, and by his labors among the Methodist Churches, North, he aroused many of the Northern preachers to that enthusiasm for liberty which culminated in the division of the M E Church.

The Southern Churches regarded Bourne as an agitator, a firebrand, a disturber of their peace, and the Northern proslavery ministers and presses opposed and calumniated him with much vigor.

He was for some years acting editor of the Christian Intelligencer, the organ of the Reformed Dutch Church. On the afternoon of November 20, 1845, he died.

Funeral services
The funeral services were held in the Middle Dutch Church, 23 November. Rev Thomas De Witt, in the course of his remarks, said of him, that like as was said of John Knox, the Scottish Reformer, "There lies one who never feared the face of man." To use the language of another, who ardently loved him—Lewis Tappan:

"Thus has fallen an intrepid advocate of human rights, with his harness on, in a vigorous old age, after a life of singular health, activity, and usefulness. His death is a severe loss to the Antislavery cause, the cause of Protestant Christianity, and the Republic of Letter."

Testimony by William Lloyd Garrison
As it has been so long taken for granted that Mr. Garrison was the originator and prime leader of the Antislavery conflict, I will, before giving a sketch of The Pioneer of "Antislavery" in America, present to the public a copy of a letter addressed to the writer by Mr. Garrison in 1858. It was written currente calamo, in answer to the writer of the African Civilization Society, "to promote the Christian civilization of Africa," and "the cultivation of cotton there by free labor." In this beautiful panegyric Mr. Garrison renders ample testimony to the friend and preceptor from whom he derived his doctrines, his enthusiasm, and who animated his courage for his lifelong work of abolition.

"Boston, Nov. 18, 1858. I confess my early and large indebtedness to him for enabling me to apprehend, with irresistible clearness, the inherent patibility with the spirit and precepts of Christianity. I felt and was inspired by the magnetism of his lion-hearted soul, which knew nothing of fear, and trampled upon all compromises with oppression, yet was full of womanly gentleness and susceptibility; and mightily did he aid the Antislavery cause in its earliest states by his advocacy of the doctrine of immediate and unconditional emancipation, his exposure of the hypocrisy of the Colonization Scheme, and his reprobation of a "Negro-hating, slaving-holding religion." He was both a "sun of thunder," and "a son of consolation." Never has slavery had a more indomitable foe or freedom a truer friend.

William Lloyd Garrison
"You inquire whether you father was not the author of the work entitled Slavery Illustrated in its Effects upon Woman, published in this city, in 1837, by Isaac Knapp. He was, as every line of it bears witness. I wish it could be republished and a million copies of it be distributed broadcast…

Yours to break every yoke,

Wm Lloyd Garrison to Theodore Bourne."

New York and the publication of The Protestant
While other champions have arisen who have done valiantly for the Church of Christ against Rome, to him belongs the credit of taking the early lead in the conflict against the Papacy in the United States. Having thoroughly investigated the system in Canada, he beheld with alarm the prospect of its growth in the United States, from the European immigration which commenced to increase in volume about the year 1828. He determined to return to New York and make it his special duty to withstand the inroads of Romanism, and arouse the attention of American Christians to the true character and design of the Papacy, and to the dangers which would environ the Republic should Popism gain ascendancy. With this design he removed to New York in October 1828, and on the first day of January 1830, he commenced the publication of The Protestant, the first Journal published in America devoted to the antipapal controversy.

Raising the standard of Protestantism, 1830
When he raised the standard of Protestantism, in 1830 in New York, there was no "Protestant Society", no "Christian Alliance" or "Christian Union", to stand behind and encourage him.

Protestant Reformation Society
He was the originator of the Protestant Reformation Society, which led to other associations, the Christian Alliance being one of them; these after a time united, and were merged into the American and Foreign Christian Union.

Dr W C Brownless became his principal coadjutor, and the Protestant Vindicator succeeded to the Protestant, which maintained the controversy for some years longer. But he did not forget his animosity to slavery; he was equally devoted to the destruction of that iniquitous system, and as a result of his labors, coupled with those of Garrison, who had established the Liberator in Boston, in 1831, the American Antislavery Society was formed. Thereafter his attention was divided between the two foes of the Republic and of a pure Christianity.

Opposition to slavery sprang from within the Churches
Under the title of "Picture of Slavery in the United States", he published his former work originally printed in Virginia. "The Book and Slavery Irreconcilable," adding largely to it from his personal recollections of the system and its evils, and illustrated with pictures of scenes that had occurred under his notice there. He also published "Slavery Illustrated in its Effect upon Woman," depicting the terrible social evils resulting from the complex features of Southern society, and the laws regulating slavery.

National Antislavery Society
At a meeting of delegates to form a National Antislavery Society convened at Philadelphia, December 4, 1833, it was resolved "That George Bourne, William Lloyd Garrison, and Charles W Dennison, be a committee to prepare a synopsis of Wesley's Thoughts on Slavery, and of the Antislavery items in the note formerly existing in the Catechism of the Presbyterian Church of the United States; and of such other similar testimony as they can obtain, to be addressed to Methodists, Presbyterians, and all professed Christians in this country, and published under the sanction of this convention."

In conformity with that appointment the committee selected from the records of the Presbyterian Church every article of general interest which adverts to this momentous subject. This they published under the title of Presbyterianism and Slavery. They also published, under the title of Methodist Discipline, with every thing material in the tract of John Wesley respecting slavery.

These, with other valuable articles, appear as an "Appendix" to the Picture of Slavery, and afford important aid to those who seek for information upon those topics.

Antislavery Riots in New York, 1834
The antislavery controversy in New York and elsewhere occasioned riots and violence. A doctrine of "compensated emancipation" was presented as an option. Some believed that no moral suasion or offered compensation could have removed the curse of slavery, and that it was useless to speculate on "what might have been" —we know what was, and what has been— and that perhaps Divine Justice required the awful retribution of blood for blood. In this view it would seem that his eminent servant of God was conscious of a mission, that he could not avoid the duty allotted to him, and that his courage, fidelity, and intrepidity were bestowed upon him to enable him to discharge the task. A striking instance of his courage was admiringly related by the late Thomas Downing and by Dr Henry Highland Garnet, as occurring during the Antislavery riots in New York about the year 1834:

An Antislavery meeting was held at Broadway Hall, in Broadway, above Howard Street, next to the famous Tattersalls. That large, quaint building stood gable end to the street, and its sloping roof descended just below the side windows of the hall of the meeting. Among other noted speakers Mr Garrison was present; while the exercises were progressing, an onslaught was made upon the meeting by the "plug-uglies," and other ruffians, sworn to exterminate the Abolition fanatics. Armed with sticks and clubs, and with a furious noise, they rushed upon the terrified audience, aiming particularly, however, at the rostrum and the speakers. Mr Garrison was safely got away through one of the side windows. George Bourne stood forth to receive the "Tammany Braves," and placing his cane before him with hands extended he said, "Stand back, ye villains! What do you want here? Stand back I say!" The leaders and the advancing band stood still for a moment in astonishment and mute admiration of the courage of the burly looking "dominie," whose splendid physique and fearless eye showed them an undaunted foe. At last one of them swung his hat and cried out "Three cheers for the dominie!" which they gave with a will, and leaving him unmolested, they chased out the remainder of the audience, who were glad to escape without personal violence.

Garrison, the special object of their venom, escaped unharmed.

Dutch Reformed Church of New York
Shortly after his return to New York from Canada, Bourne united with the Reformed (Dutch) Classis of New York, of which he continued a member until his death. His first pastoral charge in New York was in Provost-street, (now Franklin,) afterward at Huston and Forsyth Streets, and subsequently at West Farms, but most of his time was devoted to the controversy against Popism and slavery.

He edited and had republished many of the controversial works of the sixteenth and following centuries. Among others William Fulke's Confutation of the Rheims Bible; Richard Baxter's Key for Catholics or Jesuit Juggling; Scipio DeRicci's Female Convents; the Secreta Monita of the Jesuits; Taxatio Papalis; History of the Waldenses; Conyers Middleton's Letter from Rome; Martin Luther On the Galatians; John Davenant on Colossians; Archibald Bower's History of the Popes; and other works.

Various biographies of the early 20th century U.S. antiwar socialist Greenwich Village radical Randolph Bourne, mention a grandfather on his father, Charles Bourne's side, who was a famous abolitionist, a pastor at Sleepy Hollow, and a writer.

Randolph Bourne's great-grandfather was Rev George Bourne. His grandfather was Rev Theodore Bourne, the writer of the above extracts. George Bourne was a pastor at Sing Sing Academy in Mount Pleasant, Sleepy Hollow County, New York, where Theodore Bourne was born.

Other family members of the Bourne family that worked for the abolition of slavery were Stephen Bourne, Special Magistrate to Jamaica, Stephen's son, Henry Richard Fox Bourne, Samuel Bourne of Antiqua, Christopher S Bourne, Dr George M Bourne; Rev Rowland Hill Bourne, and Rev Theodore Bourne.

title: George Bourne


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Energy technology

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Result: Delete -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 01:30, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Energy technology
Original Research Rich Farmbrough 21:59, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Original research. Redirect (no merge) to List of energy topics. Pburka 01:43, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Its pure nonsens. Foant
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Category:University of Illinois System

This category contains articles on various aspects of the University of Illinois system of higher education, campuses of which are located in Illinois, United States.

title: Category:University of Illinois System


text:
Smuttynose Brewing Company

Smuttynose Brewing Company is a craft brewery in Hampton, New Hampshire, United States. The company takes its name from Smuttynose Island, one of the Isles of Shoals several miles directly off the coast there. Smuttynose beers are all unfiltered and known for their distinctive labels, many of which feature original photography. Its beer is distributed in 25 states and 11 countries. The Towle Farm brewery has been certified LEED Gold by the U.S. Green Building Council.

In March 2018, the company was sold at auction and subsequently purchased by Runnymede Investments of North Hampton, New Hampshire.

History
Smuttynose was founded in 1994 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, by veteran craft brewers Peter Egelston and his sister, Janet, who had opened the Northampton Brewery in 1987 and the Portsmouth Brewery in 1991. They acquired the assets of a small, short-lived microbrewery in a warehouse on the southern edge of town. Early partners Paul Sylva and Jim Beauvais, founders of Ipswich Brewery, were quickly bought out. The first Smuttynose beer debuted on July 14, 1994.

Location acquisition

In 2004, Smuttynose began looking for a new brewery site in Newmarket, New Hampshire, but the deal fell through in late 2005. Subsequently, plans were developed to build a new brewery on a 10 acre parcel along U.S. Route 1 in Portsmouth, but the project met community opposition and was abandoned.

The company's annual production volume surpassed 15,000 barrels in 2006. Gross sales for Smuttynose Brewing Company in 2009 reached $5.7 million. The following year, brewery construction began on the historic 17 acre Towle Farm in Hampton, New Hampshire.

The final capacity expansion at the original brewery was commissioned in 2012. Total production in 2012 was 40,744 barrels.

Smuttynose officially moved to the Towle Farm headquarters in 2014. The facility was opened to the public on May 29. The facility featured a four-vessel, 100hl, automated brew house, state-of-the-art bottle-filling equipment, tours, tastings and a nine-hole disc golf course.

In 2016 Smuttynose received LEED Gold certification from the U.S. Green Building Council, making it the second and largest brewery to receive the seal at the time.

Bank auction
On January 18, Smuttynose announced a bank auction of the brewery to be held on March 9, 2018, unless a buyer or partner were found. Key factors leading to the company's financial pinch were claimed to be a slowdown in the growth of craft beer sales, and a switch in consumer preference from beer in bottles to beer in cans. On March 9, lender The Provident Bank purchased the company at auction for $8.25 million. On March 16, Runnymede Investments said that it had purchased the company from The Provident Bank for an undisclosed amount.

Smuttlabs
Smuttlabs evolved from the Short Batch series of single brew batches of classic beers styles, experimental techniques, or unusual ingredients. When Smuttynose moved to the Towle Farm brewery, Smuttlabs took over the original Portsmouth facility, giving it a range of options for batch size, contract brewing capacity and the ability to allow Smuttlabs beer the time they need to age and condition. Smuttlabs beers, like the Short Weisse beers, can also move to other parts of the portfolio. As of early 2016, all Smuttlabs releases are exclusively, where bars and restaurants can choose any available beers.

title: Smuttynose Brewing Company


text: User talk:70.16.156.67

title: User talk:70.16.156.67


text:
Talk:Nez Perce National Historical Park

Untitled
The correct spelling of this United States National Park is without the accent. I have tried discussing this with several editors and they have changed every one of the titles and occurrences of the tribal name.

A name is a name. You may use the accent to describe the French term for the origin of the tribal name, but the agency in charge of this park spells it with the Americanized name.

Robbie Giles 22:01, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The Federal website spells it Nez Perce and that is also the preferred spelling by tribal members--MONGO 12:42, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nez Perce National Historical Park


text:
Semper paratus

Semper Paratus is a Latin phrase, meaning "Always Ready". Sometimes shortened to Semper P. It is used as the official motto of some organizations, such as the United States Coast Guard. A 1928 march of the same name is also used as the U.S. Coast Guard's official march, and the phrase appears on the organization's flag.

Canada

 * Semper Paratus is the motto of The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (Wentworth Regiment) of the Canadian Army formed in 1862 and headquartered at the James Street Armoury in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
 * Semper Paratus is the motto of The Brockville Rifles a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army formed 5 October 1866 and headquartered at the Brockville Armoury in Brockville, Ontario, Canada.
 * "Semper Paratus" is also the motto of Galt Collegiate Institute (GCI) in Cambridge, Ontario, the first high school in Canada to become a Collegiate Institute (established 1852).

DPR Korea

 * The phrase is translated into the Korean "항상 준비", and became the motto of the Korean Children's Union.

Philippines

 * "Semper Paratus" is the Motto of the Roxas City Fire Station, Capiz, Philippines. It is embedded in its official logo and flag. Semper Paratus inspires firefighters to be Always Ready Anytime, Anywhere in Any Weather. Semper P is a form of greeting at Roxas City Fire Station.

 * "Laging Handa" is the Filipino translation of "Always Ready", the English translation of "Semper Paratus". The motto "Laging Handa" served as the motto of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines.

Hungary

 * "Semper Paratus" is the motto of the Hungarian Disaster Victim Identification Team (HUN DVI), in addition to the Nemo Resideo (No One Left Behind).

Hong Kong

 * Semper Paratus is the motto of Royal Hong Kong Auxiliary Air Force, it is also used by Hong Kong Government Flying Service.

Romania

 * Semper Paratus is the motto of the Romanian Obstacle Course Racing Association - also known as OCR Romania - the organization that founded the Romanian Obstacle Sports Federation (established in 2021).

United Kingdom

 * Semper Paratus is the motto used by numerous armigers, including the Barons Clifford of Chudleigh, Armytage baronets, of Kirklees, Yorkshire, and Elphinstone baronets, of Sowerby, Cumberland.
 * It is also the family motto of the family Upton and has been used since the 11th Century.
 * Tremeirchion Cricket club official motto
 * Bowdon Cricket Club official motto
 * Netherlee Primary School official motto
 * New Romney Fire Brigade official motto
 * Grangemouth High School official motto

United States

 * Semper Paratus is the motto of the United States Coast Guard, and is the title of their marching song "Semper Paratus".
 * It is the motto of the U.S. Army 16th Infantry Regiment, Fort Riley, Kansas.
 * It is the motto of the 9th Reconnaissance Wing, a United States Air Force unit assigned to the Air Combat Command and Sixteenth Air Force, stationed at Beale Air Force Base.
 * It was the motto of the United States Navy destroyer tender USS Sierra (AD-18).
 * It is the motto of the Long Beach (California) Fire Department.
 * It is the motto of the Bradford County Sheriff's Office of Emergency Management (Starke, Florida).
 * It is the motto of the FEMA Region 5 Incident Management Assistance Team (IMAT), Chicago, Illinois.

Australia

 * It is the motto of Queensland Fire and Rescue Service, a part of Queensland Fire and Emergency Services
 * It is the motto of the 5th Battalion of the 5/6th Battalion, Royal Victorian Regiment
 * It is the motto of 'A' Battery, Royal Regiment of Australian Artillery (RRAA). 'A' Battery is the oldest and longest continuous full-time serving unit in the Australian Defense Force. 'A' Battery was established on the 1 August 1871, being also the date of the RRAA birthday.
 * It is the motto of the Hobart Fire Brigade (HFB) a brigade within the Tasmania Fire and Emergency Service (TFES).

Turkey

 * It is the motto of the Turkish Naval Forces.

title: Semper paratus


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aicha

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Result: Keep -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 01:13, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Aicha
del. Nonnotable, nonverifiable. only 380 unique google hits is just too small for an "internet phenomenon" as it is claimed to be. mikka (t) 22:03, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep The Aicha video is quite well-known. "aicha gellieman" might not be the best search, try "aicha video" or "jelle buelens" or "gellieman". This article could also be expanded, e.g., talk about the claims of a suicide video and who gellieman is. SpuriousQ 00:04, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * None of the searches you suggest gives any confirmation who the heck gellieman is and why it is notable. mikka (t) 00:57, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Aicha is also a song. Mike H (Talking is hot) 01:25, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aicha


text:
Paraisópolis

Paraisópolis is a city in Minas Gerais, Brazil, with a population (2020) of 21,221.

The municipality contains part of the 180373 ha Fernão Dias Environmental Protection Area, created in 1997.

title: Paraisópolis


text:
Desamparados (canton)

Desamparados is the 3rd canton in the province of San José in Costa Rica. The canton covers an area of 118.26 km2, and has a population of 206,708, making it the third most populated among the 81 cantons of Costa Rica. The canton's capital city is also called Desamparados.

The canton begins in the southern suburbs of the national capital city of San José, with the Río Tiribí marking its northern boundary. It snakes its way south as a backward ´S´, finally reaching its southern limit at the Río Tarrazú. It contains the bigger of the last forest lungs in the metropolitan area of the Costa Rican capital, the Loma Salitral, which conservation issues have generated social conflicts between community environmentalists and immobility developers, as it is seen as an identity mark of the desamparadeño people and a vital infiltration area to prevent the frequents and disastrous floods in the district of Gravilias.

Urban areas claim 80.4% of the canton's population. Those under age 10 comprise 19.8% of its inhabitants, while 5.1% are over 65.

Districts
The canton of Desamparados is subdivided into 13 districts (distritos):

 * 1) Desamparados
 * 2) San Miguel
 * 3) San Juan de Dios
 * 4) San Rafael Arriba
 * 5) San Antonio
 * 6) Frailes
 * 7) Patarrá
 * 8) San Cristóbal
 * 9) Rosario
 * 10) Damas
 * 11) San Rafael Abajo
 * 12) Gravilias
 * 13) Los Guido

History
The canton was established by a legislative decree of November 4, 1862.

Sports
The football soccer club Orión F.C. de Desamparados plays here.

Demographics
For the 2011 census, Desamparados had a population of 208,411 inhabitants.

Road transportation
The following road routes cover the canton: • CR RNS 105.svg National Route 105

• CR RNS 175.svg National Route 175

• CR RNS 206.svg National Route 206

• CR RNS 207.svg National Route 207

• CR RNS 209.svg National Route 209

• CR RNS 210.svg National Route 210

• CR RNS 212.svg National Route 212

• CR RNS 213.svg National Route 213

• CR RNS 214.svg National Route 214

• CR RNS 217.svg National Route 217

• CR RNS 222.svg National Route 222

• CR RNS 226.svg National Route 226

• CR RNT 304.svg National Route 304

• CR RNT 406.svg National Route 406

• CR RNT 409.svg National Route 409

Notable people

 * Máximo Fernández Alvarado
 * Joaquín Garcia Monge
 * Joel Campbell
 * Roy Miller
 * Laura Chinchilla
 * Jorge Alejandro Castro

title: Desamparados (canton)


text:
Personal equation

The term personal equation, in 19th- and early 20th-century science, referred to the idea that different observers have different reaction times, which can introduce bias when it comes to measurements and observations.

Astronomy

The term originated in astronomy, when it was discovered that numerous observers making simultaneous observations would record slightly different values (for example, in recording the exact time at which a star crossed the wires of a reticule in a telescope), some of which were of a significant enough difference to afford for problems in larger calculations. The existence of the effect was first discovered when, in 1796, the Astronomer Royal Neville Maskelyne dismissed his assistant Kinnebrooke because he could not better the error of his observations relative to Maskelyne's own values. The problem was forgotten and only analysed two decades later by Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel at Königsberg Observatory in Prussia. Setting up an experiment to compare the values, Bessel and an assistant measured the times at which several stars crossed the wires of a reticule in different nights. Compared to his assistant, Bessel found himself to be ahead by more than a second.

In response to this realization, astronomers became increasingly suspicious of the results of other astronomers and their own assistants and began systematic programs to attempt to find ways to remove or lessen the effects. These included attempts at the automation of observations (appealing to the presumed objectivity of machines), training observers to try to avoid certain known errors (such as those caused by lack of sleep), developing machines that could allow multiple observers to make observations at the same time, the taking of redundant data and using techniques such as the method of least squares to derive possible values from them, and trying to quantify the biases of individual workers so that they could be subtracted from the data. It became a major topic in experimental psychology as well, and was a major motivation for developing methods to deal with error in astronomy.

James and Jung
William James helped move the concept of the personal equation from astronomy to social science, arguing that theoretical preconceptions and personal knowledge could lead investigators to wild interpretations based largely on their own personal equations.

Carl Jung took up the idea in his book Psychological Types, arguing that in psychology "one sees what one can best see oneself". He continued to wrestle in later writings with the problems of psychological solipsism and infinite regress this potentially posed, and considered every therapist should have at least a good working knowledge of his or her own personal equation.

title: Personal equation


text:
Silveiras

Silveiras is a municipality in São Paulo State, Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte. The population is 6,339 (2020 est.) in an area of 414.78 km². The elevation is 615 m.

The municipality contains part of the 292000 ha Mananciais do Rio Paraíba do Sul Environmental Protection Area, created in 1982 to protect the sources of the Paraíba do Sul river.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

title: Silveiras


text:
Talk:Mean curvature

Discussion
This article needs some serious rewording, but I don't know enough about the subject to write it. 65.25.226.98 22:07, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The formula for axissymmetric 3D-curvature is not correct, or is it? $$1/r$$ should not appear in the formula, maybe it is$$ 1/S(r)$$? 131.188.102.71 (talk) 16:11, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

I agree with the above. Formula dimensions do not look correct. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.200.111.2 (talk) 03:17, 25 March 2009 (UTC)

For instance a sphere with two equivalent circular plates at each end would deflate but maintain a 'circular' curvature until deflating into a cilindar and then into a rotated ctenary (I think). Or if the plates are asku then the surface would be a sphere only at one volume.
 * Can someone discuss minimal surfaces which are constrained by volume?

Since these can be entierly convex what defines the surface?

Email me User:Timothy Sheridan

 * The Description of the Principal Curvature in Fact is wrong. If one takes the Max. or Min. over all the curvatures of curves passing through q, this terms are not even defined. They occur as Inf. and Sup. and are always zero resp. infinity. One has to look at curves that "occur" by intersecting the surface with a 2-plane in q, and this 2-plane has to be perpendicular to the tangent space at q. I am not able to correct this on my own, perhaps someone else would like to. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.143.251.206 (talk) 20:12, 29 May 2008 (UTC)
 * You're right - I'll amend it. (I guess it's not very important as this has taken 4 years!) Jamontaldi (talk) 15:16, 29 October 2012 (UTC)

Additional def. of H
I think, there's something wrong with the equation $$H\vec{n}=g^{ij}\nabla_{i}\nabla_{j}X$$. On the RHS of this euqation there's a vector, $$\vec{n} = n^{i}$$, whereas on the LHS it is summed over all i,j (X is not defined as vector but as parametrisation of the submanifold/ hypersurface; the choice of the letter X may be missleading; remember that in general relativity vector fields are often denoted by X or Y!). I think the problem might be solved by either cancelling the normal vector on the RHS or by replacing the inner product $$g(X,X)$$ by an cross product $$X \times X$$ 86.32.173.12 (talk) 19:18, 28 April 2011 (UTC)
 * The equation is OK, it means $$Hn^k=g^{ij}\nabla_{i}\nabla_{j}X^k$$ (for each $$k$$). In fact I think the best approach is to define the mean curvature vector to be $$H^k=g^{ij}\nabla_{i}\nabla_{j}X^k$$. That is $$\vec{H}=H\vec{n}$$, but it has the advantage of being independent of any choice of orientation (choice of $$\vec{n}$$). Equivalently $$\vec{H}$$ is the projection into the normal space of the vector $$\frac{1}{2}\left(X^k_{11}+X^k_{22}\right)$$, which can be shown to be independent of the embedding $$X$$. Jamontaldi (talk) 16:19, 29 October 2012 (UTC)
 * There is still a problem, since the LHS is obviously normal, while the RHS is a sum of covariant derivatives which are as far as I understand them by definition tangential. 79.224.79.161 (talk) 17:11, 5 February 2013 (UTC)

Sophie Germain vs Young and Laplace
I'm a little confused by the history here. According to Sophie Germain, her work on elasticity did not begin until 1809, and our mean curvature article states that it was this work that introduced mean curvature. However, according to Young–Laplace equation, Young and Laplace developed this equation in 1805 and 1806, and it uses mean curvature in an essential way. Can anyone else help untangle this? —David Eppstein (talk) 18:36, 7 September 2012 (UTC)

Surfaces in 3D space
Surely the sign of H is wrong. It should be $$H\vec{n} = -\nabla\cdot\vec{n}$$. If no-one disagrees, I'll change it. It then follows that $$H$$ is positive if the surface curves towards the normal - surely more reasonable! James Montaldi 20:51, 31 October 2012 (UTC)

A few serious problems with this article
1. The first sentence reads:

"In mathematics, the mean curvature of a surface  is an extrinsic measure of curvature that comes from differential geometry and that locally describes the curvature of an embedded surface in some ambient space such as Euclidean space."

This neglects to mention whether the embedded surface needs to be a hypersurface (as is implied but not clearly stated elsewhere in the article). Otherwise, does "surface" here mean submanifold, or does it specifically mean a 2-dimensional submanifold (of n-space)? Not clear.

Also, "some ambient space such as Euclidean space" suggests that the space need not be a manifold. But for all remotely common situations I've ever heard of, differential geometry takes place inside manifolds. So this word ought to be used instead of "space".

Better idea: The *first* sentence could just refer to (by default, ordinary) surfaces in 3-space. The next paragraph could mention the more general setting of hypersurfaces (or submanifolds?) of Euclidean space, or more generally, of Riemannian manifolds.

2. The Definition section says nothing about whether it is *initially* discussing an (ordinary) surface in 3-space -- as it appears to be doing. If so, it needs to make that clear. Then it mentions a hypersurface, but never says where the hypersurface is embedded.

3. The only subsection of the Definition section is titled "Surfaces in 3D space", which further makes it unclear whether that was what was just being discussed. Wasn't it? Clarity is needed here.

4. The Mean curvature in fluid mechanics section mentions the utterly trivial fact that in fluid mechanics, "mean curvature" is often used to mean the sum of the principal curvatures at a point, without the denominator (of 2, or n, as the case may be). (A whole section for this???????)

This oddly omits the fact that *everyone* who uses the concept of mean curvature frequently may do the same thing -- above all, differential geometers.

5. There is no reason that the hypersurface (or submanifold?) must be *embedded* in its ambient manifold. It needs only to be locally embedded (i.e., immersed). This ought to be mentioned.

6. The initial sentences mention that a minimal surface has mean curvature zero. It should not leave the impression that there might be other surfaces that also have mean curvature zero (even if that is made explicit later in the article). It should be stated *there* that surfaces with mean curvature zero are precisely the minimal surfaces.Daqu (talk) 22:32, 13 December 2012 (UTC)

"Constant mean curvature" in fluid mechanics
The lead states that, "It is important ... in the analysis of physical interfaces between fluids (such as soap films) which by the Young–Laplace equation have constant mean curvature." The Young-Laplace equation applies to hydrostatic fluids, and for those fluids the statement is true; in general however, the Young-Laplace pressure difference can be included as a correction term for the inclusion of surface tension in the Navier-Stokes equations, which include non-hydrostatic flow. It is not hard to see that an unsteady flow can support a non-uniform mean curvature in a fluid interface. An intuitive example is a vibrating soap bubble. I propose the correction: "...which, for example, have constant mean curvature in static flows, by the Young-Laplace equation." Osmanthus22 (talk) 14:06, 22 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mean curvature


text:
Talk:The red room

Why did the red room get its title?

Why is it called the red room?

title: Talk:The red room


text:
MercyMe

MercyMe is an American contemporary Christian music band founded in Edmond, Oklahoma. The band consists of lead vocalist Bart Millard, percussionist Robby Shaffer, bassist Nathan Cochran and guitarists Michael Scheuchzer and Barry Graul.

The band formed in 1994 and released six independent albums before signing with INO Records in 2001. The group first gained mainstream recognition with the crossover single "I Can Only Imagine", which elevated their debut album, Almost There, to triple platinum certification. Since then, the group has released eight additional studio albums (six of which have been certified gold) and a greatest hits album, 10. The group has also had 13 consecutive top five singles on the Billboard Christian Songs chart, with seven of them reaching No. 1. MercyMe has won eight Dove Awards and has had many Grammy Award nominations. On April 8, 2014, the band released its eighth studio album titled Welcome to the New. Their ninth studio album, Lifer, was released on March 31, 2017, and tenth, Inhale (Exhale), was released on April 30, 2021.

Formation and early years
Singer Bart Millard met pianist James Phillip Bryson in Lakeland, Florida, after an invitation from his youth pastor. Both led a praise team on a trip to Europe. They both felt a call to work full-time in music. They later met the guitarist Michael John Scheuchzer, who joined them, then moved to Oklahoma City. The group was officially formed in 1994 in Henderson Hills Baptist Church in Edmond, Oklahoma.

In 1997, MercyMe moved to Nashville to find a record label. After a year, they left Nashville for Dallas and recorded an album. Then they settled in Greenville, Texas, and served at Highland Terrace Baptist Church.

The trio set up a studio and a "living area" in an old abandoned day-care center. Bassist Nathan Cochran and drummer Robby Shaffer later joined the band, accompanying the band in releasing six independent projects before signing with INO Records in 2001. Unlike their first three major label albums, their earlier indie projects tended to orient more towards rock rhythms. The group's name, "MercyMe", originated during Millard's time as a youth ministry intern in Florida. Concerned that her grandson was home whenever she called, Millard's grandmother would exclaim, "Well mercy me, why don't you get a real job?"

For several years, the band was a mainstay at the popular PlanetWisdom youth conference. The popularity of “I Can Only Imagine” and their meteoric rise led to their no longer leading worship at the conference.

Almost There, Spoken For and Undone (2001–2004)
After signing with INO Records, Now known as Fair Trade Services, the band released its first major debut album, Almost There. The single "I Can Only Imagine" earned the band a Dove Award in 2002 for song of the year. However, it was not until three years after its release that the song began to gain mainstream success, topping the Billboard 200 sales chart for seven weeks, and peaking at No. 71 on the Hot 100, No. 33 on the Mainstream Top 40, No. 27 on the Adult Top 40, No. 5 on the Adult Contemporary, and No. 52 on the Country Songs charts. The success of the single ultimately propelled Almost There to being certified double platinum, representing sales of over 2 million albums, as well as the single itself being certified platinum.

In 2002, MercyMe released Spoken For, which peaked at No. 2 on the Christian Albums chart. The album's two singles, "Spoken For" and "Word of God Speak", went on to peak at No. 1 on Christian radio charts, with "Word of God Speak" spending a record 22 weeks atop the newly created Billboard Christian Songs chart. The album was eventually certified gold by the RIAA.

Spoken For earned the band three Dove Awards, but was to a certain extent overlooked by the attention that "I Can Only Imagine" was receiving in the mainstream markets at the time.

In 2003, guitarist Barry Graul, who had previously been with the Christian hard rock band Whitecross, and one of the guitarists of DC Talk joined MercyMe, giving MercyMe a second guitarist to provide greater depth on their third studio album, Undone. In 2004, the band headlined the "Imagine Tour" with fellow artists Amy Grant and Bebo Norman. In addition to headlining the "Imagine Tour", MercyMe released their third major label album, Undone, which peaked at No. 12 on the Billboard 200 and No. 1 on the Christian Albums charts, their highest debut on the chart at that point. The album spawned three successful singles – "Here With Me" (which topped the Christian Songs chart as well as reaching No. 12 on the Adult Contemporary chart and No. 38 on the Adult Top 40 chart), "Homesick" (which reached No. 3 on the Christian Songs chart and No. 9 on the Adult Contemporary charts), and "In the Blink of an Eye" (which topped the Christian Songs chart). The album itself won a Dove Award for Pop/Contemporary Album of the Year at the 36th GMA Dove Awards, and was certified gold by the RIAA.

MercyMe also released a live video album, MercyMe Live, in 2004, which eventually was certified platinum by the RIAA.

The Christmas Sessions and Coming Up to Breathe (2005–2006)
In 2005, MercyMe launched a tour with Jeremy Camp, The Afters and Monk and Neagle in support of their album, Undone.

After releasing Undone in 2004, the band took a time to rest before their next big release, so they decided to work on a Christmas record. The Christmas Sessions was recorded and was released on September 27, 2005. The album spawned seven songs which hit the top 40 on the Christian Songs chart (with one hitting No. 1 and two others reaching the top ten), and four of these charted in the top 40 of the Adult Contemporary chart (with one peaking in the top 10). The album itself peaked at No. 64 on the Billboard 200 and No. 3 on the Christian Songs chart.

To promote The Christmas Sessions, MercyMe had a Christmas tour with Steven Curtis Chapman, who also released a Christmas album that year titled All I Really Want for Christmas.

In 2006, MercyMe released Coming Up to Breathe, which charted at No. 13 on the Billboard 200 and No. 1 on the Christian Albums chart. Although the band had earned a reputation for being an adult contemporary group with their other albums, the group decided to make Coming Up to Breathe a more rock-oriented album, in the vein of their earlier grunge-influenced albums. As such, it also peaked at No. 5 on the Top Rock Albums chart and No. 13 on the Top Alternative Albums chart, their only chart appearances on these records to date.

Coming Up to Breathe spawned three radio singles ("So Long Self", "Hold Fast", and "Bring the Rain"), two of which ("So Long Self" and "Bring the Rain") reached the top spot on the Christian Songs chart. "So Long Self" and "Hold Fast" also both reached the top 30 on the Adult Contemporary chart. Coming Up to Breathe was eventually certified gold by the RIAA.

In support of Coming Up to Breathe, MercyMe headlined the "Coming Up to Breathe Tour", along with Audio Adrenaline (on its farewell tour) and Phil Wickham, seeing half their shows sell out two weeks into the tour.

All That is Within Me, Coming Up to Breathe: Acoustic and 10 (2007–2009)
On November 20, 2007, MercyMe released All That Is Within Me. Millard, the band's lead singer, had believed that All That is Within Me was going to be a worship album with half of the songs being cover songs and the other half original songs; however, when the band got in studio, they ended up having written all the songs found in this album.

Upon release, the album peaked at No. 15 on the Billboard 200 and No. 1 on the Christian Songs chart. The album contained three singles ("God With Us", "You Reign" and "Finally Home"), all of which reached the top three on the Christian Songs chart; "Finally Home" also peaked at No. 17 on the Adult Contemporary chart (their last appearance on the chart to date). All That Is Within Me was also certified gold by the RIAA.

In 2008, the band released Coming Up to Breathe: Acoustic, an acoustic version of their earlier release Coming Up to Breathe.

On April 7, 2009, MercyMe released their first greatest hits compilation, 10, a double album consisting of 15 studio recordings (12 of which were previously singles and 3 of which were new recordings) and 11 live or concept videos, as well as several documentaries on the band. The album charted at No. 18 on the Billboard 200 and No. 1 on the Christian Songs chart, although no singles were released from the album.

The Generous Mr. Lovewell and The Worship Sessions (2010–2011)
MercyMe's sixth studio album, The Generous Mr. Lovewell, was released on May 4, 2010. The album itself peaked at No. 3 on the Billboard 200 (MercyMe's highest debut to date and first top 5 album ever on the chart) and No. 1 on the Christian Albums chart. The album (a concept album relating around the overall theme of love and vaguely relating to its self-titled character) has also spawned three singles – "All of Creation", "Beautiful", and "Move" – all of which reached the top spot on the Christian Songs chart. Upon wrapping up "The Generous Mr. Lovewell" tour, MercyMe was asked to perform the national anthem at a Dallas Cowboys game.

In 2011, the band released The Worship Sessions, a worship album that was released exclusively at Family Christian Book Stores.

The Hurt & the Healer, Welcome to the New, Lifer, Inhale (Exhale), Always Only Jesus (2012–present)
The Hurt & the Healer was released on May 22, 2012 by Fair Trade and Columbia Records. The album debuted at No. 7 on the Billboard 200, selling 33,000 copies.

Welcome to the New, the band's eighth studio album, was released on April 8, 2014 and is produced by David Garcia and Ben Glover. Singles from this album include the pre-release single "Shake", and post-release singles "Greater" and "Dear Younger Me".

Lifer, MercyMe's ninth studio album, was released on March 31, 2017, with the lead single off the album being "Even If", which was released on February 17, 2017. It samples the chorus of the hymn "It Is Well with My Soul." The song reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Christian Songs chart for three weeks, becoming their twelfth number one single. It also charted on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart at No. 20. The second single, "Grace Got You", was released on March 2, 2018. It peaked at No. 3 on the Christian Songs chart and became their record extending 15th chart topper on the Christian Airplay chart. It was nominated for the 2019 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song. The third single, "Best News Ever", was released on October 5, 2018.

In 2019 they released the single "Almost Home", and then in 2020 "Hurry Up and Wait" and "Say I Won't", from their tenth album inhale (exhale) that was released on April 30, 2021.

Their eleventh studio album, Always Only Jesus, was released on October 21, 2022. The first single they released was "Then Christ Came" on June 3, 2022. "Better Days Coming" was released on September 9, 2022, and "To Not Worship You" was released on September 30, 2022.

Charity
In 2005, MercyMe participated in a benefit concert at Belmont University with various other country, gospel and contemporary Christian artists for the people affected by the Asian tsunami.

In 2009, MercyMe conducted a tour in partnership with Compassion International and Imagine A Cure in order to raise money to help kids with diabetes through Imagine A Cure and people with medical needs around the world through Compassion International.

Tour bus accident
On Saturday, August 8, 2009, at approximately 1:15 am in Fort Wayne, Indiana, the MercyMe tour bus was traveling through an intersection on a green light when an oncoming passenger vehicle made a left turn on red into the path of the bus, which resulted in a collision killing two passengers of the car and resulting in the vehicle's pregnant driver experiencing miscarriage from automotive trauma. MercyMe was to perform at Six Flags St. Louis but the park issued a statement saying the show was rescheduled because the band was "involved in a vehicle accident in Indiana".

Despite news reports claiming that the band remained silent during the days after the crash and failed to contact the family of the deceased and injured, MercyMe released a statement through its publicist the day of the crash.

"We continue to pray and ask your prayers for everyone affected by this accident, that God would bring healing, comfort, peace and understanding at a time when they are desperately needed,” the group said.

Current members

 * Bart Millard – lead vocals (1994–present)
 * Michael John Scheuchzer – guitars, backing vocals, keyboards (1994–present)
 * Robin Troy "Robby" Shaffer – drums, percussion (1997–present)
 * Nathan Cochran – bass, backing vocals, keyboards (1998–present)
 * Barry Graul – guitars, backing vocals (2003–present)

Former members

 * Jim Richmond - guitar (1994-1995)
 * James Phillip "Jim" Bryson – keyboards (1994–2014)
 * Kendall Combes – bass, backing vocals (1994–1998)
 * Trent Austin – drums (1994–1997)
 * David Cowan - drums (1994-1995)

Discography

 * Almost There (2001)
 * Spoken For (2002)
 * Undone (2004)
 * The Christmas Sessions (2005)
 * Coming Up to Breathe (2006)
 * All That Is Within Me (2007)
 * The Generous Mr. Lovewell (2010)
 * The Hurt & the Healer (2012)
 * Welcome to the New (2014)
 * MercyMe, It's Christmas! (2015)
 * Lifer (2017)
 *  Inhale (Exhale)  (2021)
 * Always Only Jesus (2022)

Billboard Music Awards

 * rowspan="3"|2011
 * MercyMe
 * Top Christian Artist
 * Nominated
 * The Generous Mr. Lovewell
 * Top Christian Album
 * Nominated
 * "All of Creation"
 * Top Christian Song
 * Nominated
 * 2012
 * rowspan="2"|MercyMe
 * rowspan="2"|Top Christian Artist
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="2"|2013
 * Nominated
 * The Hurt & the Healer
 * Top Christian Album
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="3"|2015
 * MercyMe
 * Top Christian Artist
 * Nominated
 * Welcome to the New
 * Top Christian Album
 * Nominated
 * "Greater"
 * Top Christian Song
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="2"|2016
 * MercyMe
 * Top Christian Artist
 * Nominated
 * "Flawless"
 * Top Christian Song
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="3"|2018
 * MercyMe
 * Top Christian Artist
 * Won
 * Lifer
 * Top Christian Album
 * Nominated
 * "Even If"
 * Top Christian Song
 * Nominated
 * 2019 || MercyMe|| Top Christian Artist || Nominated
 * }
 * rowspan="3"|2018
 * MercyMe
 * Top Christian Artist
 * Won
 * Lifer
 * Top Christian Album
 * Nominated
 * "Even If"
 * Top Christian Song
 * Nominated
 * 2019 || MercyMe|| Top Christian Artist || Nominated
 * }
 * 2019 || MercyMe|| Top Christian Artist || Nominated
 * }
 * }

GMA Dove Awards
 * 2002 Song of the Year – "I Can Only Imagine"
 * 2002 Pop/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year – "I Can Only Imagine"
 * 2004 Song of the Year – "Word of God Speak"
 * 2004 Artist of the Year
 * 2004 Group of the Year
 * 2004 Pop/Contemporary Song of the Year – "Word of God Speak"
 * 2005 Pop/Contemporary Album of the Year – Undone
 * 2005 Special Event Album of the Year – The Passion of the Christ: Songs
 * ASCAP Awards
 * 2003 Bart Millard awarded Christian Songwriter of the Year at the 25th annual ASCAP Christian Music Awards.
 * American Music Awards
 * 2004 Favorite Contemporary Inspirational Artist
 * 2010 Favorite Contemporary Inspirational Artist
 * Billboard magazine Decade (2000–2009) Awards
 * No. 1 Christian song of the Decade: "Word of God Speak"
 * No. 16 Christian song of the Decade: "Here with Me"
 * No. 19 Christian song of the Decade: "God with Us"
 * No. 35 Christian song of the Decade: "You Reign"
 * No. 48 Christian song of the Decade: "In the Blink of an Eye"
 * No. 49 Christian song of the Decade: "Bring the Rain"
 * No. 4 Christian Album Artist of the Decade
 * No. 4 Christian Album of the Decade: "Almost There"
 * No. 38 Christian Album of the Decade: "Undone"
 * No. 46 Christian Album of the Decade: "Spoken For"

title: MercyMe


text: Category:Atomic, molecular, and optical physics


text:
Kidepo Valley National Park

Kidepo Valley National Park is a 1442 km2 national park in the Karamoja region in northeast Uganda. Kidepo is rugged savannah, dominated by the 2750 m Mount Morungole and transected by the Kidepo and Narus rivers.

Location
Kidepo Valley National Park is located near Karenga in Kaabong District, in the northeastern corner of Uganda. The park is approximately 220 km, by road northwest of Moroto, the largest town in the sub-region. It is approximately 520 km, by road, northeast of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city.

The northwestern boundary of the park runs along the international frontier with Bira, South Sudan and abuts against its Kidepo Game Reserve.

History
The Ketebo or Mening are the original inhabitants of the area, who had been living here since 1800. It was gazetted as a game reserve by the British colonial government in 1958, and the people were evicted. The purpose was both to protect the animals from hunting and to prevent further clearing of bush for tsetse fly-control. The eviction of the resident people and the resultant famine, especially the Ketebo people who were forcefully relocated to other areas within Bira such as Napotpot, Kalo Kudo, Namosingo, Loriwo and Naurkori in South Sudan, was cited by park management as an example of the unacceptable consequences of not taking community needs into account when designating reserves.

The newly independent government of Uganda under Milton Obote converted the reserve into the Kidepo Valley National Park in 1962. The first chief warden of the park was Ian Ross, a Briton. In 1972, Paul Ssali, a Ugandan, replaced him. Their handover and training was the subject of the 1974 American documentary film, "The Wild and the Brave."

Geology
The park consists of the two major valley systems of the Kidepo and Narus Rivers. The valley floors lie between 3000 ft and 4000 ft AMSL.

Kanangorok (also spelled Kananorok or Kanatarok) is a tepid hot spring in the extreme north of the park, in Lotukei, South Sudanese boundary. This spring is the most permanent source of water in the park.

The soil in the park is clayey. In the Kidepo Valley, black chalky clay and sandy-clay loam predominate, while the Narus Valley has freer-draining red clays and loams.

Wildlife
Most of the park is open tree savannah. Because of differences in rainfall with annual averages of 89 cm in Narus and 64 cm in the Kidepo valleys, vegetation and animal populations vary between the two valleys.

Narus Valley
Narus is a name given by the Ketebo or Mening or Amening Clan which were the people living in the Valley. Primary grasses in the Narus Valley are the shorter red oat grass and taller bunchy Guinea grass and fine thatching grass. Common trees in the drier areas are red thorn acacias, desert dates, and to a lesser extent drumstick trees. Sausage trees and fan palms line the water courses. Euphorbia candelabrum and the shorter monkey bread and Buffalo thorn trees are also present. Perennial water makes River Kidepo an oasis in the semi-desert which hosts over 86 mammal species including spotted hyena, lion, cheetah, African leopard, African wild dog, African bush elephant, giraffe, zebra, African buffalo, bat-eared fox, Rothschild's giraffe, and almost 500 bird species.

Kidepo Valley
Streams in the Kidepo Valley are dotted with palms, whereas whistling thorn acacia bushes are growing in higher elevated areas.

Park management
The park is managed by the Uganda Wildlife Authority. The USAID as of August 2013 was financing the improvement of roads within the park.

Leadership
The administration of the park is led by a Chief Warden. This position has been held by the following wardens: ODUR first black African to be chief park warden managed Kidepo in the 1960s before Paul Ssali Edward Asalu as chief park warden Capt. John Emille Otekat also worked as chief park warden
 * 1958–1962 Tony Henley
 * 1964–1972 Ian Ross
 * 1972– ? Paul Ssali
 * –1981 A.M.K. Bendebule (died in air crash in the park)
 * 1994– Peter Lotyang
 * 1996 Anjelo Ajoka
 * 1998 (acting) Daniel Aleper
 * 2001-2002 Joseph Sentongo
 * 2003-2006 Kuloao Okwongo
 * 2008 Henry Tusubira
 * 2013 Johnson Masereka
 * 2021 Samuel Amanya

Finances
In the fiscal year 2009-2010 Kidepo received USh 294 million (US$129,000 or €99,000 as of August 1, 2010) from 2,100 visitors. By the 2012-2013 fiscal year this had grown to USh 466 million ($178,000 or €134,000 as of August 1, 2013) from 2300 visitors.

Giraffe
During the 1960s Kidepo had a sustainable Rothschild giraffe population of over 400 animals. By 1992 this had been poached down to only three animals, including a single female. In 1997 Warden Peter Möller obtained funding from the Frankfurt Zoological Society to translocate giraffes from Kenya's Lake Nakuru National Park. One female died in the holding facility in Lake Nakuru. Two females and one male were flown to Kidepo. In Kidepo one male was eaten by lions shortly after being released.

title: Kidepo Valley National Park