text:
Alicia Alonso

Alicia Alonso (born Alicia Ernestina de la Caridad del Cobre Martínez del Hoyo; 21 December 1920 – 17 October 2019) was a Cuban prima ballerina assoluta and choreographer whose company became the Ballet Nacional de Cuba in 1955. She is best known for her portrayals of Giselle and the ballet version of Carmen.

From the age of nineteen, Alonso was afflicted with an eye condition and became partially blind. Her partners always had to be in the exact place she expected them to be, and she used lights in different parts of the stage to guide herself.

Early life
Alonso was born "on the outskirts" of Havana in 1920, the fourth child of Antonio Martínez Arredondo, lieutenant veterinarian of the army, and Ernestina del Hoyo y Lugo, a dressmaker. Alonso began dancing as a child. In June 1931 she began studying ballet at Sociedad Pro-Arte Musical in Havana with Nikolai Yavorsky.

She performed publicly for the first time on 29 December 1931, aged 11. Her first serious debut was in Tchaikovsky's Sleeping Beauty at the Teatro Auditorium on 26 October 1932. Early in her career in Cuba, she danced under the name of Alicia Martínez.

Progress in her lessons came to an abrupt halt in 1937 when Alonso fell in love with a fellow ballet student, Fernando Alonso, whom she married at age 16. The couple moved to New York City, hoping to begin their professional careers. There they found a home with relatives on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, near Riverside Drive. She gave birth to a daughter, Laura, in 1938, but continued her training at the School of American Ballet. In 1938, she made her debut in the U.S., performing in the musical comedies Great Lady and Stars In Your Eyes.

She arranged to travel to London to study with Vera Volkova.

Vision problems
After seeing the doctor for worsening vision problems, Alonso was diagnosed in 1941 with a detached retina and had surgery to correct the problem. Following the operation, she was ordered to have bed rest for 3 months so her eyes could completely heal. Unable to comply fully, Alonso practiced with her feet, pointing and stretching to "keep my feet alive", as she put it. When the bandages came off, she discovered the operation had not been completely successful. After a second surgery was performed, doctors concluded Alonso would never have peripheral vision. She consented to a third procedure in Havana but this time was ordered to have bed rest for an entire year. Her husband sat with her every day, using their fingers to teach her the great dancing roles of classical ballet. She recalled, "I danced in my mind. Blinded, motionless, flat on my back, I taught myself to dance Giselle."

Finally allowed to leave her bed, dancing could still not be considered. Against doctor's orders, she went to the ballet studio down the street every day to practice. Just as her hope was returning, Alonso was injured when a hurricane shattered a door in her home, spraying glass splinters onto her head and face. Amazingly, her eyes were not injured. When her doctor saw this, he cleared Alonso to begin dancing, figuring if she could survive an explosion of glass, dancing could do no harm.

Back to work
Alonso traveled back to New York City in 1943 to begin rebuilding her skills. However, before she had barely settled, out of the blue she was asked to dance Giselle to replace the Ballet Theatre's injured prima ballerina Alicia Markova. Alonso accepted and gave such a performance that the critics immediately declared her a star. "Her vision difficulties helped inspire her interpretation of the role," wrote Barbara Steinberg in Dance Magazine. Barbara is the daughter of Benjamin_Steinberg_(conductor), Music Director of the Ballet Nacional de Cuba from 1959-1963.

She was promoted to principal dancer of the company in 1946 and danced the role of Giselle until 1948, also performing in Swan Lake, Antony Tudor's Undertow (1943), Balanchine's Theme and Variations (1947), and in such world premieres as deMille's dramatic ballet Fall River Legend (1948), in which she starred as the Accused. By this time in her career, she had developed a reputation as an intensely dramatic dancer, as well as an ultra-pure technician and a supremely skilled interpreter of classical and romantic repertories.

The Ballet Theatre's Igor Youskevitch, her other partners, and Benjamin_Steinberg_(conductor) quickly became expert at helping Alonso conceal her handicap. To compensate for only partial sight in one eye and no peripheral vision, the ballerina trained her partners to be exactly where she needed them without exception. She also had the set designers install strong spotlights in different colors to serve as guides for her movements.

She knew, for instance, that if she stepped into the glow of the spotlights near the front of the stage, she was getting too close to the orchestra pit. There was also a thin wire stretched across the edge of the stage at waist height as another marker for her, but in general she danced within the encircling arms of her partners and was led by them from point to point. Audiences were reportedly never the wiser as they watched her dance.

Alicia Alonso Ballet Company
Alonso's desire to develop ballet in Cuba led her to return to Havana in 1948 to found her own company, the Alicia Alonso Ballet Company, supported largely through her fame and earnings. This company eventually became Ballet Nacional de Cuba. Fernando was general director of the company, which was at that time composed mainly of Ballet Theater dancers temporarily out of work due to a reorganization in the New York company. Fernando's brother Alberto, a choreographer, served as artistic director for the company The company debuted briefly in the capital and then departed for a tour of South America. While Alicia was happy with the success of the company, she wanted to showcase more Cuban dancers than non-Cuban dancers, leading her to open a ballet academy in Havana.

Alonso ruled the company with an authoritarian hand. Into her 60s she limited careers of younger dancers whom she regarded as competition to her own dancing career. Combined with the lack of opportunities in Cuba, her behavior led many talented dancers to defect. Founder of the International Ballet Festival of Miami and Cuban Classical Ballet of Miami, Pedro Pablo Peña, had since arriving in Miami in 1980 as a Cuban exile himself, helped numerous defecting Cuban dancers. He said of Alonso's impact:

"Alicia Alonso’s work as director of the Ballet Nacional and as prima ballerina put the company on an international level. There is no doubt that she had the greatest dedication. Nothing mattered to her but ballet. But her ego turned her into a tyrant."

Exalted in the ballet world broadly, Cuban exiles reviled her, seeing her as the "cultural equivalent" to Fidel Castro.

She commuted between Havana and New York to recruit the world's best teachers to train her new students. She remained a sought-after prima ballerina during this hectic time, dancing twice in Russia in 1952 and then producing and starring in Giselle for the Paris Opéra Ballet in 1953. From 1955 to 1959, she danced annually with the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo as guest star. She was the first dancer of the Western Hemisphere to perform in the Soviet Union, and the first American representative to dance with the Bolshoi and Kirov Theaters of Moscow and Leningrad respectively in 1957 and 1958. During the decades to follow Alicia Alonso had cross-world tours through West and East European countries, Asia, North and South America, and she danced as guest star with the Opera de Paris, the Royal Danish Ballet, the Bolshoi and with other companies.

She staged versions of Giselle, Pas de Quatre, and Sleeping Beauty for the Paris Opera. She staged Giselle at the Vienna State Opera and the San Carlo Theater of Naples, Italy, as well as La Fille Mal Gardée at the Prague State Opera, and Sleeping Beauty at La Scala.

Ballet Russe
Alonso worked with the Ballet Russe until 1959, during which time she performed in a 10-week tour of the Soviet Union, dancing in Giselle, the Leningrad Opera Ballet's Path of Thunder, and other pieces. Her performances earned her the coveted Dance Magazine Award in 1958.

Return to Cuba
When Fidel Castro took power from the Batista government on 1 January 1959, Castro vowed to increase funding to the nation's languishing cultural programs. Alonso returned to Cuba and in March 1959 received $200,000 in funding to form a new dance school, the Ballet Nacional de Cuba, along with a guarantee of annual financial support.

Alonso has since described receiving a message from Castro in 1958 sent from the Sierra Maestra inviting her to head the company upon the triumph of the July 26 Movement. Alonso officially founded the school in 1960, and within several years her dancers were winning international dance competitions.

The Cuban government from the 1960s through the 1980s did not allow Cubans to perform in the United States, to some extent for fear of defectors, and monitored those with contacts outside Cuba via phone cables and letters. Her company continued to build its powers and achievements in both Eastern and Western Europe. In 1967 and 1971 she performed in Canada, where reviewers noted that Alonso was still the greatest ballerina of her time. Castro permitted Alonso to perform again in the United States in 1975 and 1976.

Legacy
Alonso danced solos in Europe and elsewhere well into her 70s. She continued to serve as the director of the Ballet Nacional de Cuba, and is quoted as saying, she will remain "in charge of the ballet until after she is dead". As director and leading dancer of the Ballet Nacional de Cuba, she taught many now notable dancers in Cuba and beyond. Some of her former students have danced or dance with the American Ballet Theatre, the Boston Ballet, the San Francisco Ballet, the Washington Ballet, the Cincinnati Ballet and the Royal Ballet, among others.

Numerous books have been written on the ballerina, including Alicia Alonso: At Home and Abroad (1970), Alicia Alonso: The Story of a Ballerina (1979), Alicia Alonso: A Passionate Life of Dance (1984) and Alicia Alonso: First Lady of the Ballet (1993). The 2015 documentary film Horizontes features her life, as well as that of a middle-aged and a young dancer in Cuba.

Personal life and death
Alonso's sister, Blanca María "Cuca" Martínez del Hoyo, was born in 1918. Her brothers were named Elizardo and Antonio. She married Fernando Alonso in 1937, when she was 16. They had a daughter, Laura Alonso, who danced and taught with the National Ballet. Her first marriage ended in divorce in 1975, and Alonso married editor and dance critic Pedro Simón Martínez that same year.

She died at Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas in Havana, Cuba, on 17 October 2019 from a health complication at the age of 98. She is survived by her second husband and her daughter, a grandson, Ivan Monreal-Alonso, who is a dancer and choreographer, and three great-granddaughters. Fernando Alonso died in 2013.

Following Alonso's death, she was remembered as "dramatic, passionate and elegiac" in a tribute by Barbara Steinberg for Dance Magazine. Her funerals were held at the Gran Teatro de La Habana named after her. Alicia Alonso was buried at Colón Cemetery in Havana.

Awards

 * 1958 – Dance Magazine Annual Award
 * 1966 – Grand Prix de la Ville de Paris for her role in the ballet, Giselle.
 * 1966 – Anna Pavlova Award of the University of Dance, Paris,
 * 1970 – Grand Prix de la Ville de Paris, together with her company
 * 1974 – Order of Work of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
 * 1985 – Gold Medal of the Gran Teatro by Premio Gran Teatro de La Habana
 * 1998 – National Prize for Dance from the Ministry of Culture of Cuba
 * 1998 – Gold medal from the Circulo de Bellas Artes of Madrid
 * 1999 – UNESCO Pablo Picasso Medal for her extraordinary contribution to dance
 * 1999 – Grand Prix de la Ville de Paris
 * 2000 – Prix Benois de la Danse for lifetime achievement

Honors and distinctions

 * 1973 – Honorary doctorate in art from the University of Havana
 * 1980 – Received an international homage in Paris, organized by UNESCO
 * 1981 – Council of State of the Republic of Cuba gave her the Order Felix Varela
 * 1987 – Honorary doctorate in dancing art from the Superior Institute of Arts of Cuba
 * 1993 – Received the Commendation of Isabel Catholic Order, given by the King of Spain Juan Carlos I
 * 1996 – Public recognition was given in her honor at the Scientific, Artistic, and Literary Ateneo of Madrid for her valuable artistic and cultural creations
 * 1997 – The Ballet Nacional de Cuba honored Alicia Alonso on the 50th anniversary of Theme & Variations, a ballet created by George Balanchine for her and Igor Youskevitch
 * 1998 – Honorary degree from the Technical University of Valencia (Universidad Politecnica of Valencia)
 * 1998 – Art & Letters Order, Commander Degree, from the Ministry of Culture and Communication of France
 * 2000 – Prix Benois de la Danse for lifetime achievement
 * 2000 – Order of José Marti by the Council of State of the Republic of Cuba
 * Received the highest official awards from the countries of Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and Panama: the Order of the Aztec Eagle (Order Aguila Azteca), the Order Duarte, Sanchez, and Mella, and the Order Vasco Nunez de Balboa, respectively
 * Named National Hero of Labor in Cuba
 * 2011 – Honorary Citizen of Mérida (México) and Messenger of Peace
 * 2017 – Honorary doctorate from the University of Costa Rica

Memberships

 * Holds membership in the Advisory Council to the Ministry of Culture in the National Committee of Writers and Artists Union of Cuba
 * Holds membership in the Collaborating Council of the Governing Boards of the Federation of Cuban Women

title: Alicia Alonso


text:
File:Involver (Sasha album) cover art.jpg

Summary
Sasha on the cover of his Involver album (http://www.discogs.com/release/284800)

Fair use claimed - record cover to illustrate the article about the recording. It is also used in the article Sasha to illustrate both the album in question, as well as the appearance of Sasha at the time of its recording. It is fair use because:

 * It is a low resolution copy of an album cover;
 * It does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the album in any way and in no way affects any profits made on the work in question;
 * Copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
User talk:Agel-Dan

List of network marketing companies
Agel-Dan, welcome to Wikipedia! I recently saw your edit to this article. Did you read the note there?

''Wikipedia is not a link repository. Adding HTML links to this list will likely result in its speedy deletion. (Several wikipedians monitor this page around the clock.) A much better use of your time is starting a non-promotional article about your company. After making sure it meets Wikipedia's standards of quality, you can add a [[Agel]] item to this list, in its alphabetical place, of course. Success has no shortcuts -- as a network marketer you should understand this -- as much as you must understand that Wikipedia is not where you find prospects.''

--Perfecto 01:52, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Agel-Dan


text:
User talk:Barrydeed

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Dpr 01:52, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Barrydeed


text:
Wikipedia talk:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-10-10/Candidate statements

"172 cited erroneously that the The Signpost would be including information in this issue about candidate statements."

I don't know if this is correct. I was aware that the edition on the 3rd was "About ArbCom" and then the 10th would feature "Criticism of ArbCom." However, I did not see any information stating that candidates were specifically instructed not to post candidate statements. I am going to take the liberty to remove the comment. Of course, since it's in your namespace, you're of liberty to revert my feedback and edits. 172 | Talk 01:52, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

I suppose I was wrong. It appears I wrote the following: ''Since the matter of candidate statements comes up in this week's Signpost, I assume it's not to early to post one. If I am wrong, please go ahead and revert my changes to this project page. 172 | Talk 05:10, 3 October 2005 (UTC)'' Now I'm having trouble remembering what gave me that impression. Perhaps I was under the impression that the campaign was to begin upon seeing that the talk page for the candidate statements had been activated since the 29th, when Tony Sidaway made the first edit.

At any rate, the statement that I "cited erroneously that the..." doesn't come across too well. It could connote that I had an ulterior motive. This, of course, was not the case, as I offered to let anyone revert my edit creating the candidates page. The next day I assumed that I had done nothing unorthodox, given the positive response to my creation of the page, particularly the response by Ilyanep. 172 | Talk 02:06, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not going to revert your changes, but let me be clear that I was in no way trying to portray you or any other candidates in a negative light. The Wikipedia Signpost strives to be nonbiased, and we value your opinions. I was just trying to convey why you originally created the page — you said on the talk page that the Signpost was doing an article on the candidate statements this week, and that's why you created the page. I'm not saying it was bad (or good), I'm just trying to report the facts as they are. However, I don't mind the changes. In the future, though, could you either let me know beforehand on my talk page if you are going to alter an "unpublished" article so I'm aware of it? Many thanks. Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk | WS 22:16, 11 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
Adam Kuckhoff

Adam Kuckhoff (, 30 August 1887 – 5 August 1943) was a German writer, journalist, and German resistance member of the anti-fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Gestapo.

Life
Adam Kuckhoff published a popular edition of the works of Georg Büchner in 1927, and headed the cultural-political magazine Die Tat ("The Deed") in 1928–1929, which he gave a left-wing, socialist flavour. In 1931, he wrote the artistic novel Scherry about Grock. Between 1931 and 1932, he was a dramatic adviser at the Berlin Schauspielhaus. His main work, the world war novel Der Deutsche von Bayencourt ("The German from Bayencourt") appeared in Germany in 1937.

He and his wife Greta were involved with Arvid and Mildred Harnack and the Red Orchestra. He was arrested in Prague on 12 September 1942, following the arrests of Harnack and many other members of the organization. He was executed at Plötzensee Prison on 5 August 1943.

In East Germany, Kuckhoff was honoured as a resistance member. In Leipzig-Grünau a school was named after him. It bore his name from 1985 to 1990. In his home town Aachen a street was named after him. There is also a street in Halle (Saale) named after him.

title: Adam Kuckhoff


text:
Tsundere

Tsundere (ツンデレ) is a Japanese term for a character development process that depicts a character with an initially harsh personality who gradually reveals a warmer, friendlier side over time.

The word is derived from the terms tsun tsun (ツンツン) (adverb, 'morosely, aloofly, offputtingly')  and dere dere (でれでれ) (adverb, 'in a lovey-dovey or infatuated manner'). Originally found in Japanese bishōjo games, the word is now part of the otaku moe phenomenon, reaching into other media. The term was made popular in the visual novel Kimi ga Nozomu Eien.

Another accepted definition of tsundere is someone who has a combative attitude towards others but is also kind on the inside.

Terminology
Manga author Ken Akamatsu lists tsundere as one of the special cases in his definition of moe: "The person feeling it must be stronger: the object of moe is weak and dependent (like a child) on the person, or is in a situation where she cannot oppose (like a maid)... (*Tsundere only: There will be times where the stronger and weaker role is reversed)." The concept has received increasing attention in Japan, with a maid cafe named Nagomi in Akihabara started having tsundere events in 2006 and tsundere-themed products released (like Tomy Co.'s portable television set), and the concept increasingly reflected in recent anime, from an extended discussion of the meaning of the concept and its origin on the Internet in Lucky Star Lucky Channel segment classifying the characters according to tsundere-ness. They usually play out as having an attitude toward the main character, either a male or a female, and often criticizing them in one way or another, until they eventually warm up to them or fall in love with them as the series progresses, though they usually find it very hard to admit it or outright deny it in some cases.

Comiket organizer Koichi Ichikawa has described Lum from Urusei Yatsura as being both the source of moe and the first tsundere; figurine sculptor Bome has also cited Lum as an inspiration for his designs. Manga critic Jason Thompson named Madoka Ayukawa of the 1980s series Kimagure Orange Road as the root of the tsundere archetype. Other anime and manga featuring tsundere include Love Hina, Neon Genesis Evangelion, and Bakemonogatari, among many others. Some voice actors have garnered a reputation for voicing tsundere characters such as Rie Kugimiya who voices Louise in The Familiar of Zero and Nagi in Hayate the Combat Butler, and Ayana Taketatsu as Kirino Kosaka in Oreimo. In Excel Saga volume 15, author Rikdo Koshi defines tsundere as "hard on the outside, soft on the inside" and associates it with character Misaki Matsuya.

Tsundere as a concept is not strictly limited to women, and is not strictly limited to manga or anime. The character Germany from the series Hetalia: Axis Powers is portrayed as being tsundere, and is paired with a "lovable loser", Italy Veneziano. Tsundere role-play has become a common theme in maid cafés.

title: Tsundere


text:
Talk:Macgregor, Australian Capital Territory

Macgregor is a suburb with alot of nice people and alot of bad ones. alot of people thjink that macgregor is just another one of those suburbs but actualy it's not. Macgregor is very inmportant for the following reasons: it holds one of Canberra's most important sub-stations, there is a water flow in pipes going through macgregor, the gininderra river flows through the suburb and connects up with ginninderra falls. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 210.8.213.141 (talk • contribs) 12:53, 10 October 2005


text:
113th Operations Group

The 113th Operations Group is a flying group of the United States Air Force. It provides air sovereignty forces to defend District of Columbia and also provides fighter, airlift and support forces capable of local, national and global employment.

The group's primary mission is training of air combat and operational airlift crews for national defense. The group also provides a ready response force of fighters for the defense of the District of Columbia area. Members of the group also assist local and federal law enforcement agencies in combating drug trafficking in the District of Columbia on a case by case basis.

Its predecessor, the 352nd Fighter Group, was one of the most highly decorated United States Army Air Forces Fighter Groups in World War II, producing many leading aces of the war. The 352d was composed of three squadrons: (the 328th, 486th and 487th Fighter Squadrons). Once deployed to the European Theater of Operations (ETO), the group was eventually headquartered in RAF Bodney, England before being forward deployed to Belgium. It performed a variety of missions for the Eighth Air Force, but predominantly served as bomber escort.

The 121st Fighter Squadron of the 113th Operations Group, is a descendant organization of the 121st Observation Squadron, established on 10 July 1940. It is one of the National Guard observation squadrons formed before World War II

World War II
The 352d Fighter Group was activated at Mitchel Field, New York on 1 October 1942, and quickly moved to Bradley Field, Connecticut to begin organization. The group was equipped with the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighter. The initial squadrons to be assigned were the 21st and 34th Fighter Squadrons (under the command of 1st Lt John C. Meyer) and the newly activated 328th. On 18 May 1943 the assignment of the 21st and 34th Squadrons was retroactively revoked and they were replaced by the 486th and 487th Fighter Squadrons effective 1 October 1942.

The group absorbed new personnel, moving several times from Bradley Field to Westover Field, Massachusetts in November and then to Trumbull Field, Connecticut in January 1943 where it received the majority of personnel. Once aircraft were received and pilots proficient, the squadrons were assigned to alert duty over New York City, operating from LaGuardia Airport where pilots often performed acrobatic maneuvers on takeover much to chagrin of the tower, routinely buzzed Yankee Stadium and engaged in dogfights over the city thereby garnering attention of authorities. Shortly thereafter, the 328th was moved back to Mitchel Field in and was joined by the 487th in March. The 486th moved to Republic Field on 8 March. Training was in its advanced phase when the group was reassembled at Westover in late May in anticipation of deployment orders. The order to deploy arrived in June and the group moved to Camp Kilmer, New Jersey to prepare to embark aboard the ocean liner RMS Queen Elizabeth, leaving on 1 July 1943 for Scotland and service with the Eighth Air Force.

Combat operations
The first missions of the 352d were flown on 9 September 1943 when the Thunderbolts flew an escort mission over the North Sea protecting Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers returning from a raid over continental Europe. Skirmishes with the Luftwaffe were frequent, but it wasn't until 26 November when Major John C. Meyer of the 487th Squadron scored the group's first victory over Europe, a Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter. Meyer later became deputy commander of the 352d during its most successful period of operations.

On 8 April 1944, the 352d exchanged its radial-engined P-47s for sleek North American P-51 Mustang fighter planes. It was then that the Group adopted their unique blue nose marking and the nickname the "Blue Nosed Bastards of Bodney."

Notable pilots of the 352d include top scoring P-51 aces Major George Preddy and Col. John C. Meyer, Capt. John Thornell, Capt. William T. Whisner, Captain Donald S. Bryan, Capt. Raymond H. Littge, Lt. Robert "Punchy" Powell, Capt. John "Smokey" Stover and Capt. William C. Miller.

New Year's Day 1945 at Y-29
One of the 352d's greatest accomplishments was its huge victory over the Luftwaffe on 1 January 1945. In December 1944, the 352d received orders to deploy to Asch Airfield, a remote field approximately 3 miles south-southeast of As, Belgium. After arriving on 22 December, it began operating on the 24th. Poor weather hampered flight operations and the Battle of Bulge was raging nearby. Unknown to the Allies, the Luftwaffe was preparing a New Year's Day attack, designated Operation Bodenplatte against sixteen forward deployed Allied airfields in the area. Similar to the preparations for the Battle of Bulge, the Luftwaffe had been quietly preparing and assembling virtually every available fighter on the Western Front and had an estimated 800 fighters and fighter bombers ready to execute an attack when the Allies might be off guard following celebration of New Year's Eve. The concept was simple – a mass attack on newly established continental bases to destroy as many Allied aircraft on the ground and ease the pressure on German ground forces engaged in the battle of the Bulge. However, many of the Luftwaffe pilots were poorly trained and did not have the experience necessary to battle seasoned Allied pilots.

John C. Meyer had risen to be Deputy Commander of the 352d by December and was now a lieutenant colonel. He suspected that the Germans might use New Year's Day as an opportunity to attack and decided to have Y-29 in readiness when the sun rose. While haggling with higher authorities at Ninth Air Force throughout the night, he ordered a squadron assigned to do a morning sweep and ordered the pilots not to engage in any alcoholic celebration the night prior. Although he did not get permission until 0800, he joined the 487th Fighter Squadron in the frigid cold of the snowy weather at 0530 preflighting their Mustangs and was sitting in the cockpit of the lead aircraft. As the Mustangs were awaiting take-off for the morning patrol, their airfield was overrun with Luftwaffe fighters from Jagdgeschwader 11 (JG.11).

Nevertheless, when the group of 50+ Bodenplatte aircraft of JG.11 showed up over Y-29, the 12 blue-nosed Mustangs of the 487th were queuing for take-off with Meyer in the lead Mustang. While accelerating down the snow-packed runway, Lt. Col. Meyer opened the day's count by shooting down a German fighter in a head-on pass as it tried to strafe a parked Douglas C-47 Skytrain next to the runway. The German had not noticed the P-51 taking off. Meyer began firing before his wheels fully retracted and downed the marauding Focke-Wulf Fw 190. Though surrounded by strafing fighters, every one of the 487th planes got off the ground to meet their attackers.

In the battle that followed, 24 Luftwaffe fighters were destroyed by the 352d Group. However, one pilot, Lt. Dean Huston, was forced to belly land his P-51 after its cooling system was holed from the fire of zealous British antiaircraft gunners. Two pilots of the 487th claimed 4 German fighters shot down. The 487th received the Distinguished Unit Citation. Meyer, Capt. Stanford Moats, and Capt. William T. Whisner, who scored his fourth victory while his Mustang was starting to overheat from battle damage, were each awarded the Distinguished Service Cross and four other pilots were award the Silver Star. Despite the group losing a couple of aircraft to battle damage, not a single pilot was lost during the New Year's Day battle. But the tragedy of war was never far away. During the afternoon of the same day, fighters of the 328th Squadron were patrolling the skies above As when they spotted what they thought were four inbound enemy aircraft. Due to static on radio communications with the 328th, identification of the aircraft came too late, and one of the approaching aircraft was shot down, crashing near the village of Zutendaal. The aircraft turned out to be RAF Hawker Typhoons of 183 Squadron from Gilze-Rijen on their way to their new base at Chievres. The pilot who was killed in the Typhoon that was shot down was F/Lt. Don Webber.

The group remained in England after V-E Day until November, when it returned to the United States and was inactivated at the New York Port of Embarkation.

Aces of the 352nd Fighter Group
SOURCE:352nd Fighter Group Association

District of Columbia Air National Guard
The 352d Fighter Group was redesignated as the 113th Fighter Group and was allotted to the National Guard, on 24 May 1946. It was organized at Andrews Field, Maryland, and was extended federal recognition on 2 November 1946. The 104th at Harbor Airport, Maryland and 121st Fighter Squadron at Andrews were initially signed to the 113th Fighter Group and, upon federal recognition in 1947, the 149th Fighter Squadron at Byrd Field, Virginia was also assigned. In January 1947, the group assigned to the 53d Fighter Wing, located in Pennsylvania.

The group mission was to train for air defense when called to active service. It was equipped with the Republic P-47D Thunderbolt (later the F-47D). On 31 October 1950 the 53d Wing was inactivated and the 113th Fighter Wing was allotted to the Guard and activated in its place. Meanwhile, the group's 121st Squadron converted to the Republic F-84 Thunderjet.

Korean War activation
With the surprise invasion of South Korea on 25 June 1950, and the regular military's lack of readiness, most of the Air National Guard was federalized placed on active duty. The 113th Fighter Group became part of Air Defense Command (ADC) on 1 February 1951 and was redesignated as a Fighter-Interceptor Group. The 121st Squadron was the only one of its squadrons activated with the group, which moved to Newcastle Air Force Base, where they were joined by the 142d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron if the Delaware Air National Guard, also equipped with the F-84Cs and the 148th Fighter Squadron of the Pennsylvania Air National Guard, flying F-51D Mustangs. In April 1951, the 148th began to convert to the F-84 as well. Once it completed its conversion to Thunderjets, the 148th moved to Dover Air Force Base, Delaware

In September and October 1951 the group converted to Lockheed F-94B Starfires with partial all-weather capabilities. During the six months the group was operational with the F-84C, each squadron had lost one example in an operational accident. The group was inactivated on 6 February 1952 in a major reorganization of ADC responding to ADC's difficulty under the existing wing base organizational structure in deploying fighter squadrons to best advantage. Its squadrons were assigned to the 4710th Defense Wing.

Cold War
With its return to District of Columbia control, the group was re-equipped with propeller-driven F-51H Mustangs. It was not until 1954 that the 113th was upgraded to once again fly jets, receiving North American F-86A Sabres. In August 1954 it began keeping two planes on air defense alert status at Andrews from one hour before sunrise until one hour after sunset. This ADC alert lasted until the end of October 1958 as the group received later model Sabres in 1955 (F-86E and 1957 (F-86H).

In late 1958, the gaining command for the 113th was changed from ADC to Tactical Air Command (TAC) and the mission was changed to tactical air support, although air defense remained as a secondary mission. The Sabres were phased out in 1960 with the receipt of relatively new North American F-100C Super Sabres. The Super Sabre brought the group into the supersonic age.

In January 1968 the Pueblo Crisis by North Korean forces brought the callup of the 113th to active duty. The group moved to Myrtle Beach Air Force Base, South Carolina while the 354th Tactical Fighter Wing moved to Kunsan Air Base, South Korea. At Myrtle Beach the group was a paper unit, with its squadron assigned directly to the 113th Wing under the dual deputy organization used by TAC.

The group returned to Andrews in June 1969, and transitioned into the Republic F-105D Thunderchief, which was beginning to be withdrawn from the active inventory. The 113th was one of four Air National Guard units to receive the F-105, a very large and complex aircraft. The 113th was fortunate to have many Vietnam Veteran airmen in its ranks by 1970, many of whom had F-105 experience. In December 1974, the 113th Tactical Fighter Group was inactivated and its 121st Squadron was assigned directly to the 113th Tactical Fighter Wing.

In the early 1990s the Air Force began implementing the Objective Wing organization, which again called for squadrons to be assigned to functional groups, rather than directly to the wing. As a result, the group was once again activated as the 113th Operations Group.

Lineage

 * Constituted as the 352d Fighter Group on 29 September 1942
 * Activated on 1 October 1942
 * Inactivated on 10 November 1945
 * Redesignated 113th Fighter Group and allotted to the National Guard on 24 May 1946
 * Extended federal recognition on 2 October 1946

 * Federalized and ordered to active service on 1 February 1951
 * Redesignated: 113th Fighter-Interceptor Group on 10 February 1951
 * Inactivated on 6 February 1952

 * Released from active duty, returned to District of Columbia control and activated on 1 November 1952
 * Redesignated: 113th Fighter-Bomber Group on 1 December 1952
 * Redesignated: 113th Fighter-Interceptor Group on 1 December 1952
 * Redesignated: 113th Fighter-Interceptor Group on 1 July 1955
 * Redesignated: 113th Tactical Fighter Group on 1 November 1958
 * Federalized and ordered to active service on: 26 January 1968
 * Released from active duty and returned to District of Columbia control on 18 June 1969
 * Inactivated 9 December 1974

 * Redesignated 113th Operations Group
 * Activated on 1 January 1993

Assignments

 * I Fighter Command, 1 October 1942 – June 1943
 * Attached to New York Fighter Wing, until November 1942 and after 9 March 1943
 * Attached to Boston Fighter Wing, November 1942 – 9 March 1943

 * VIII Fighter Command, 6 July 1943
 * 67th Fighter Wing, 6 October 1943
 * Attached to 1st Bombardment Division (later 1st Air Division), 15 September 1944 – 13 April 1945
 * Further attached to: IX Tactical Air Command, 23 December 1944 – 13 April 1945

 * Army Service Forces (Port of Embarkation), 9 – 10 November 1945
 * District of Columbia National Guard, 2 November 1946
 * 53d Fighter Wing, 17 January 1947
 * 113th Fighter Wing (later 113th Fighter-Interceptor Wing), 1 November 1950 – 6 February 1952
 * 113th Fighter-Interceptor Wing (later 113th Fighter-Bomber Wing, 113th Fighter-Interceptor Wing, 113th Tactical Fighter Wing), 1 November 1952 – 9 December 1974
 * 113th Wing, 1 January 1993 – present

Components

 * 104th Fighter Squadron (later 104th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 104th Fighter-Bomber Squadron, 104th Tactical Fighter Squadron), 2 November 1946 – 1 February 1951, 1 November 1952 – 15 October 1962
 * 121st Fighter Squadron (later 121st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 121st Fighter-Bomber Squadron, 121st Tactical Fighter Squadron, 121st Fighter Squadron), 2 November 1946 – 6 February 1952, 1 November 1952 – 26 January 1968, 18 June 1969 – 9 December 1974, 1 January 1993 – present
 * 142d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron (later 142d Fighter-Bomber Squadron, 142d Tactical Fighter Squadron), 17 May 1951 – 6 February 1952, 1 November 1952 – c. 1 December 1958
 * 146th Fighter Squadron (later 146th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 146th Fighter-Bomber Squadron), 1 February 1951 – 6 February 1952, 1 December 1952 – c. June 1953
 * 148th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 10 February 1951 – 6 February 1952
 * 149th Fighter Squadron. See 328th Fighter Squadron
 * 201st Airlift Squadron, 1 January 1993 – present
 * 328th Fighter Squadron (later 149th Fighter Squadron), 1 October 1942 – 10 November 1945, 26 February 1947 – 1 February 1951
 * 486th Fighter Squadron, 1 October 1942 – 10 November 1945
 * 487th Fighter Squadron, 1 October 1942 – 10 November 1945

Stations

 * Mitchel Field, New York, 1 October 1942
 * Bradley Field, Connecticut, October 1942
 * Westover Field, Massachusetts, November 1942
 * Trumbull Field, Connecticut, c. 15 January 1943
 * Republic Field, New York, C. 9 March–June 1943
 * RAF Bodney (Sta 141), England, 7 July 1943
 * Chièvres Airfield (A-84, Sta 181), Belgium, c. 27 January 1945
 * RAF Bodney (AAF-141), England, c. 14 April – 3 November 1945
 * Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, c. 9 – 10 November 1945
 * Andrews Field (later Andrews Air Force Base), 20 October 1946
 * Newcastle Air Force Base, 16 February 1951 – 6 February 1952
 * Andrews Air Force Base, 1 November 1950
 * Myrtle Beach Air Force Base, 26 January 1968
 * Andrews Air Force Base, 18 June 1969 – 9 December 1974
 * Andrews Air Force Base (later Joint Base Andrews), 1 January 1993 – present

Aircraft

 * Republic P-47B Thunderbolt (blocks 5 to 16), c. 13 July 1943 – 20 April 1944.
 * North American P-51B Mustang (from blocks 5), 8 April 1944
 * North American P-51C Mustang, 1944–1945
 * North American P-51D Mustang, 1944–1945
 * North American P-51K Mustang, 1944–1945
 * Republic F-47D Thunderbolt, 1947–1949
 * Republic F-84C Thunderjet, 1949–1951
 * Lockheed F-94B Starfire, 1951–1952
 * North American F-51H Mustang, 1952–1954
 * North American F-86A Sabre, 1954–1955
 * North American F-86E Sabre, 1955–1957
 * North American F-86H Sabre, 1957–1960
 * North American F-86H Sabre, 1957–1960
 * North American F-100C Super Sabre, 1960–1971
 * North American F-100F Super Sabre, 1960–1971
 * Republic F-105D Thunderchief, 1971–1974
 * Republic F-105F Thunderchief, 1971–1974
 * F-16A Fighting Falcon, 1993–1994
 * F-16B Fighting Falcon, 1993–1994
 * F-16C Fighting Falcon, 1994–Present
 * F-16D Fighting Falcon, 1994–Present
 * Gulfstream C-38A Courier, 1998–Present
 * Boeing C-40 Clipper, 2004–Present

−

title: 113th Operations Group


text:
Gueudecourt

Gueudecourt is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

History
During the Battle of the Somme, the town of Gueudecourt had represented one of the most distant objectives for the British drive that opened on 15 September 1916, a drive that has come to be known as the Battle of Flers-Courcelette.

Although the British had not been able to take Gueudecourt during the battle’s commencement, continual fighting had brought the town within reach by 25 September, when the Battle of Morval opened. The primary trench-lines that guarded the town, and through which the 21st Division of the XV Corps had to assault, were Goat Trench, Gird Trench, and Gird Support. The 10th King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry and the 1st East Yorks (64th Brigade) attacked Gird Trench, but could make no headway, while the 1st Lincolns were stopped by shellfire in the British frontline. The 8th and 9th Leicesters (110th Brigade) had greater success, taking Goat Trench, but machine-gun fire prevented them from taking Gird.

On the morning of 26 September, at 6:30 am, a tank came up Pilgrim’s way to assist in the capture of Gird trench—the Battle of Morval marked only the second use of tanks in war. Behind the tank, bombers of the 7th Leicesters followed, driving the Germans from Gird Trench. The tank moved towards the Southeast of Gueudecourt before retiring from the scene. A combined thrust of infantry (6th Leicesters) and cavalry (19th Lancers and South Irish Horse) occupied the town that evening. The final position in this sector, as of 26 September, was a little short of the Gueudecourt—Le Transloy road.

For the next phase of the Somme Offensive, the Battle of Le Transloy, men of the 88th Brigade including the Royal Newfoundland Regiment and 1st Essex Battalion were brought into the lines that ran through and around the northern edge of the village on 10 October 1916. From there, on 12 October the two battalions attacked the German front line 'Hilt Trench' behind a "creeping barrage" and engaged in hand-to-hand fighting, successfully taking the position. Moving on from Hilt, their final objective, 'Grease Trench' lay 750 metres from their jumping off point. However, a withering machine gun fire denied the 88th Brigade attackers this position and forced them back into Hilt Trench and a German counter-attack drove the 1st Essex off of the left flank and back into the original Allied position. The Newfoundlanders, however, hung on to their positions and fought to secure their flank. Using Mills Bombs they repelled the German counter-attackers from the 1st Essex' stretch of Hilt and re-took the trench, effectively doubling the length of their defensive line. Anticipating further German counter-attacks the Newfoundlanders frantically dug a fire step and piled a parapet on the reverse side of the German trench. When the expected counter-attacks through the afternoon and night came the Newfoundlander's rifle and Lewis Gun fire turned back all attacks and the Hilt Trench was held.

Today the Newfoundlanders actions at Gueudecourt are commemorated with the Gueudecourt Newfoundland Memorial which sits beside the D574 road, about one kilometre northeast of the village. The location of the Memorial marks the furthest point of advance of British units during the Battle of the Somme.

title: Gueudecourt


text:
User talk:Pburkholder

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! - Vsmith 01:55, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Pburkholder


text:
Talk:Shitao

Date Discrepancy
Dates are different from the version in the Chinese wikipedia.--Confuzion 01:55, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

There is some uncertainty about the year he was born or died. However "1642-1707" is a common figure I find. The Hong Kong Museum of Art, Metropolitan Museum, and China onsite list him as 1642-1707. However at Chinapage they prefer the version used in Chinese wikipedia. Other sources I've seen just admit uncertainty and indicate he was born after 1638 and died before 1720.--T. Anthony 05:04, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Merge from Tao Chi
The two are one and the same person. The information there should be merged into here. It would also be good to list Shitao's monastic name "Tao Chi" to prevent the confusion. -- Sjschen (talk) 16:22, 30 June 2016 (UTC) agreed.67.41.99.211 (talk) 18:02, 21 September 2016 (UTC)

Sjschen is absolutely right. Shi Tao is one of the names used by this painter in his artistic life. Tao Chi (Wade-Giles) or Dao Ji (Hanyu pinyin) is another name used by the same painter,whose "real" name was Zhu Ruoji. The two Wikipedia entries should be merged.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Qi shan zhe (talk • contribs) 10:04, 17 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shitao


text:
Michael Adams (basketball)

Michael Adams (born January 19, 1963) is an American former professional basketball player and coach. He played college basketball for the Boston College Eagles and was a third-round selection in the 1985 NBA draft by the Sacramento Kings. Adams played 11 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Kings, Washington Bullets, Denver Nuggets and Charlotte Hornets. He was an NBA All-Star with the Bullets in 1992.

Professional career
After starring at Boston College, the 5'10" point guard was selected by the Sacramento Kings in the third round with the 66th pick of the 1985 NBA draft. He averaged only 2.2 points during his rookie season. He spent the 1985–86 season with the Bay State Bombardiers in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA). He was selected as the CBA Rookie of the Year and named to the all-league and all-defensive second teams.

In his second season, he played with the Washington Bullets, but Adams had his best season in 1990-1991, when he averaged 26.5 points (including a 54-point game in which made a career-high 9 3-pointers) and 10.5 assists per game while playing for the Denver Nuggets. After that breakout season, he rejoined the Bullets via a trade, during which time he appeared in his only NBA All-Star Game in 1992. In his first game back with the Bullets, he recorded a career-high 9 steals to go along with 23 points and 13 assists in a 109-103 win over the Indiana Pacers.

Renowned for his "push shot," Adams retired in 1996 when playing for the Charlotte Hornets with NBA career totals of 9,621 points and 4,209 assists, and was once among the all-time league leaders in three-point field goals made and attempted. Adams had a record 79 consecutive games with a 3-point field goal (January 28, 1988 – January 23, 1989). The record is now held by Stephen Curry.

Coaching career
Adams has held coaching positions with the International Basketball League's Richmond Rhythm, the NBA's Vancouver Grizzlies, the WNBA's Washington Mystics, and the University of Maryland.

In 2010, Adams joined the St. Bonaventure Bonnies as an assistant coach but resigned after six weeks for family reasons.

title: Michael Adams (basketball)


text:
User:Katser

Katser is a 23-year old document analyst from DataStream Technologies in Alabang. She is a music enthusiast and a Harry Potter fanatic.

title: User:Katser


text:
Sychrov (Liberec District)

Sychrov (Sichrow) is a municipality and village in Liberec District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. It is known for the Sychrov Castle.

Administrative parts
The villages of Radostín, Sedlejovice, Třtí and Vrchovina are administrative parts of Sychrov.

Geography
Sychrov is located about 14 km south of Liberec. It lies in the Jičín Uplands. The Mohelka River flows through the municipality. The village of Sychrov is urbanistically fused with neighbouring Radimovice.

History
The first written mention of Sychrov (under the name Svojkov) is from 1367. A fort was first documented in the 15th century. In the 17th century, the village disappeared and the fort was replaced by a small Baroque castle named Sychrov, which was built in 1690–1693. The newly established village got its name after the castle. The Sychrov Castle was reconstructed in the Empire style and expanded in 1834.

Transport
The railway line Liberec–Jaroměř passes through the municipality. However, the train station called Sychrov is located in the territory of neighbouring Radimovice.

Sights
Sychrov is known for the Sychrov Castle. It gained its present appearance between 1847 and 1862, when it was rebuilt in the romantic neo-Gothic style. Today, the castle is open to the public and offers guided tours.

The castle complex includes a 26 ha large English-style park with an orangery. The park was gradually established between 1820 and 1855.

title: Sychrov (Liberec District)


text:
Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area

The Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA) is geographically located within the Riverina area of New South Wales. It was created to control and divert the flow of local river and creek systems for the purpose of food production. The main river systems feeding and fed by the area are the Murrumbidgee and the Tumut. It is one of the most diverse and productive regions in Australia contributing over A$5 billion annually to the Australian economy.

As a result of the New South Wales Royal Commission into the Conservation of Water in the 1880s, the establishment of the MIA commenced in 1903 with the construction of canals west of Narrandera and the construction of Burrinjuck Dam.

The MIA was formally established in 1912 after the commissioning of the Burrinjuck Dam on the Murrumbidgee River. Further expansion occurred in the 1970s with the completion of the Snowy Mountains Scheme and construction of Blowering Dam on the Tumut River, which meets the Murrumbidgee near Gundagai. Subsequent expansion of Burrinjuck Dam led to further expansion of the MIA and as well as the capacity to generate hydro-electricity.

The system is still regarded as a major engineering achievement comprising an elaborate series of weirs, canals and holding ponds (fed by upstream rivers and dams).

Many of the towns within the area which include Leeton and Griffith were purpose built and designed for the project and remain as thriving communities today. The two towns are growing at a rapid rate due to sustainable employment. The growth of inland centres is unusual for central New South Wales which displays the uniqueness of the MIA.

The layout of the towns of Griffith and Leeton were designed in 1914 by Walter Burley Griffin, an American architect and town planner who had just won the competition for the plan for Canberra in 1912.

title: Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area


text:
User talk:Katser

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Moriori 01:59, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Katser


text:
Talk:Convention of Chuenpi

Currency
It'd be nice to verify the currency for the indemnity specified in the treaty. It's possible that it was in dollars, but pounds seems more likely. However, none of the sources I've been able to find on the net even mention it. — db48x | Talk 01:59, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Convention of Chuenpi


text:
J. Desmond Clark

John Desmond Clark (10 April 1916 – 14 February 2002) was a British archaeologist noted particularly for his work on prehistoric Africa.

Early life
Clark was born in London, but his childhood was spent in a hamlet in the Chiltern Hills of Buckinghamshire. Clark went to a preparatory boarding school in Buckinghamshire at age 6 1/2, from where he moved on to Monkton Combe School near Bath. Clark graduated with a BA from Christ's College, Cambridge, under M. C. Burkitt and Grahame Clark.

Archeological and anthropological career
In 1937 Clark became the curator of Northern Rhodesia's Rhodes-Livingstone Museum (now known as the Livingstone Memorial Museum). A year later he married Betty Cable née Baume, who would accompany him on a number of expeditions throughout his life. Clark served in the military during World War II with the East Africa Command forces in Somalia and Ethiopia, being subsequently attached to the British Military Administration, when he managed to find time to carry out archaeological fieldwork in the Horn of Africa. Following the war, he returned to Cambridge, completing his PhD in 1947. In 1948 he founded the Northern Rhodesian National Monuments Commission.

Clark then returned to Northern Rhodesia to serve once more as the museum's director. In 1953, Clark ordered an excavation at Kalambo Falls, a 235m high, single-drop waterfall at the southeast end of Lake Tanganyika, on what is now the border between Zambia and Tanzania. The site would eventually emerge as one of the most important archaeological finds of the twentieth century, providing a record of more than two hundred and fifty thousand years of human history. To date, artefacts of Acheulean, Sangoan, Lupemban, Magosian, Wilton, and Bantu cultures have all been found at the falls. Clark also undertook significant fieldwork in Ethiopia, Somalia, Malawi, Angola, and Niger, some of which led him to collaborate with Louis and Mary Leakey.

In 1961, Clark resigned from his post as director of the museum (being succeeded by Gervas C.R. Clay ), and became Professor of Anthropology (subsequently Emeritus) at the University of California, Berkeley, where he taught until his retirement in 1986. Under his guidance, the programme became one of the world's foremost in paleoanthropology. In 1965, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He received the Gold Medal Award for Distinguished Archaeological Achievement in 1988 from the Archaeological Institute of America. Clark continued working until his death, including a 1991 dig in China that was the first to be led in that country by foreign archaeologists in more than 40 years. Clark died of pneumonia in Oakland in 2002, having published more than twenty books and over 300 scholarly papers on paleoanthropology and African prehistory in the course of his career. His wife survived him by only two months. He is survived by his children, Elizabeth and John.

Over the course of his career, Clark compiled a large scholarly library of scientific books and articles which he donated to his former students, archaeologists Nicholas Toth and Kathy Schick, at the Stone Age Institute where the collection is now housed as the Desmond Clark Memorial Library.

Honours
Clark was appointed OBE in 1956 and CBE in 1960. He was elected FSA in 1952 and FBA in 1961. He was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the National Academy of Sciences (USA). He received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1982. His Cambridge ScD was awarded in 1975 and honorary doctorates at Witwatersrand and Cape Town universities in 1985, along with the Gold Medals of the Society of Antiquaries of London (1985) and the Archaeological Institute of America (1989). The British Academy awarded him the Grahame Clark Medal for Prehistory in 1997. He became an American citizen in 1993.

Selected works

 * Prehistoric Cultures of Northeast Angola and Their Significance in Tropical Africa (1963)
 * with Walter W. Bishop
 * Background to Evolution in Africa (1967) (Joint Editor)
 * Atlas of African Prehistory (1967)
 * Further Palaeo-Anthropological Studies in Northern Lunda (1968)
 * Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site (Vol.1, 1969; Vol.2, 1974; Vol. 3, 2001)
 * The Prehistory of Africa (1970)
 * The Acheulean and the Plio-Pleistocene Deposits of the Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia (2000)
 * See also African Archaeological Review 5, 1987; and the Journal of Human Evolution 15(8) and 16(7/8), 1987
 * The Acheulean and the Plio-Pleistocene Deposits of the Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia (2000)
 * See also African Archaeological Review 5, 1987; and the Journal of Human Evolution 15(8) and 16(7/8), 1987
 * See also African Archaeological Review 5, 1987; and the Journal of Human Evolution 15(8) and 16(7/8), 1987

title: J. Desmond Clark


text:
User:Chazoo

Chazoo
Hi, my name is Chazoo and I live in Hamburg, Germany.

Math
Lie algebra, Exterior algebra, Tensor, Clifford algebra, Hodge dual, Associative algebra, Quaternion

Differential form

Laplace operator

Spectrum (functional analysis)

Central limit theorem

Kalman filter

Variational principle, Calculus of variations

Eigenvalue, eigenvector and eigenspace

Gödel's incompleteness theorem

Physics
Torque, Angular momentum

Magnetic field

Entropy, Enthalpy, Heat capacity, Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution

Non-Newtonian fluid

Green-Kubo relations, Fluctuation theorem

Informatics
Compiler

title: User:Chazoo


text:
Beverly Buchanan

Beverly Buchanan (October 8, 1940 – July 4, 2015) was an African-American artist whose works include painting, sculpture, video, and land art. Buchanan is noted for her exploration of Southern vernacular architecture through her art.

Early life and education
Buchanan was born on October 8, 1940 in Fuquay, North Carolina to Irene Rogers. Her parents divorced when she was young, and she was sent to live with her great-aunt and uncle, Marion and Walter Buchanan, in Orangeburg, South Carolina. Walter was a professor and Dean of the School of Agriculture at South Carolina State College—then the only state school for African Americans in South Carolina. Marion, a school principal, became Buchanan's primary caregiver after Walter died when she was in the sixth grade.

Buchanan spent a considerable amount of time with her adopted father on his trips where he would work with tenant farmers in the Cotton Belt, advising them in their farming processes.

In 1962, Buchanan graduated from Bennett College, in Greensboro, North Carolina, a historically black women's college, with a Bachelor of Science degree in medical technology. She went on to attend Columbia University, where she received a master's degree in parasitology in 1968, and a master's degree in public health in 1969. After graduating, she worked in medical technologist for the Veterans Administration Hospital in the Bronx, as well as a public health educator on vaccination, breastfeeding, and birth control for the East Orange Health Department. While working in New Jersey, Buchanan applied to medical school; although she was accepted to medical school as an alternate at Mount Sinai, Buchanan decided not to go due to her desire to dedicate more time to her art. Part of this choice consisted of her decision to "express the images, stories, and architecture of her African American childhood".

Career
Buchanan began creating paintings and sculptures in the 1960s, showing her work at exhibitions and fairs in Staten Island and the Bronx. In 1971, she enrolled in a painting class taught by Norman Lewis at the Art Students League in New York City. Lewis and artist Romare Bearden, both members of the African-American artist collective Spiral, became friends and mentors to Buchanan. This relationship with Bearden happened after an accidental incident at a concert where Bearden designed a poster for the event. Buchanan bumped into Norman Lewis backstage while trying to get the Bearden poster signed, and Lewis took Buchanan back stage to meet Bearden. Buchanan later wrote a letter to Bearden reminding him of that event and Bearden became her mentor and led her to get involved with the Cinque Gallery. Buchanan decided to become a full-time artist in 1977 after Jock Truman, the former director of the Betty Parsons Gallery, exhibited her work at his gallery and encouraged her to leave her public health career. In the same year, she moved to Macon, Georgia to teach art at Stratford Academy, and began installing works of art among the natural landscape.

In 1976 and 1977, Buchanan drew "black walls" on paper. She "wanted to see what the wall looked like on the other side" and put four walls together in three dimensions. She then began to sculpt in cement. An example of a three-dimensional work from her early career is the sculpture "Ruins and Rituals" at the Museum of Arts and Sciences in Macon, Georgia, part of a series of concrete structures that recall ancient tombs.

Buchanan is best known for her many paintings and sculptures on the "shack," a rudimentary dwelling associated with the poor. Scholar Janet T. Marquardt argues that Buchanan treats shacks not as documentary elements but as "images of endurance and personal history"; often using bright colors and a style of childlike simplicity, the works "evoke the warmth and happiness that can be found even in the meanest dwelling, representing the faith and caring that is not reserved for privileged classes." Her art takes the form of stone pedestals, bric-a brac assemblages, funny poems, self portraits and sculptural shacks. But potent themes of identity, place and collective memory unite the works uncovering the animus that runs through them: to connect with those around her and reckon with the history that shaped her communities. She cited Nellie Mae Rowe as an inspiration for her work, particularly her shacks.

Buchanan is noted to have seen viewers sitting on her stone art piece Unity Stones, but let the men remain seated because she did not mind people sitting on her pieces as they contemplated the work and it represented. "The piece serves as a communal place to sit and talk, and do the other things that we do."

Scholar Alex Campbell notes in an essay how Buchanan worked in a studio on College Street in Macon, Georgia, which served as an unofficial racial dividing line for the town. It "separated the working- and middle-class black part of town from the middle-class and affluent white part of town".

In 1980, Buchanan's piece, Wall Column, made of four cement sections, was featured in "Dialectics of Isolation: An Exhibition of Third World Women Artists of the United States," a major feminist exhibition organized by Ana Mendieta at A.I.R. Gallery.

Marsh Ruins
In 1981, Buchanan created Marsh Ruins, a temporal land art sculpture on the coast of Georgia in Brunswick, near a commentated site known as "The Marshes of Glynn." To the east of the work was Saint Simons Island, where a group of Igbo people sold into slavery collectively drowned themselves in 1803. This work bears witness to the unmarked histories of enslaved peoples. There she planted three concrete forms and covered them with layers of tabby, a mixture used in slave living quarters. Buchanan completed the piece over the course of two days, funded by a Guggenheim Fellowship. Marsh Ruins gradually disintegrated into the marsh. Buchanan captured that erosion process on video. In 2021, Amelia Groom published a book devoted to the work.

Buchanan said of her work, "My work is a logical progression of my early interest in textures and surfaces and walls. The early "walls" were lonely, freestanding, fragmented things. When I lived in New York I was looking for things that were demolished. That gave them character. I liked to imagine who might have lived in the apartment, and whose home it might have been. Each family that moved in repainted the walls their color. When a building is torn down the various layers of color are exposed. It is almost surgical--like looking through a microscope and looking at different layers of tissue and media."

In an interview with Angela Son, Son asked Buchanan what her concept of home was and Buchanan responded with, "[Home] means what I've stablished and where I am, wherever that is. And it means South Carolina, where I grew up... I consider home as where I grew up."

Buchanan's last official outdoor sculpture was "Blue Station Stones," a public art project designed for the Earlington Heights Station of Miami-Dade Transit in 1986.

Death and representation
On July 4, 2015, Buchanan died in Ann Arbor, Michigan at the age of seventy-four. In the fall of 2016 a comprehensive exhibition of her work opened at the Brooklyn Museum in the Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art, organized by artist Park McArthur and curator Jennifer Burris. Beverly Buchanan - Ruins and Rituals featured painting, sculptures, drawings, as well as the artist's notebooks and photographs form her personal archive.

Buchanan has been represented by the Andrew Adlin Gallery since 2014, and her work was featured at their booth in the 2017 Independent Art Fair. Buchanan has remarked, "A lot of my pieces have the word 'ruins' in their titles because I think that tells you this object has been through a lot and survived — that's the idea behind the sculptures ... it's like, 'Here I am; I'm still here!'"

Buchanan's work featured among that of twenty African-American artists in an exhibition at the Turner Contemporary, Margate, Kent, UK in February 2020, entitled 'We Will Walk-Art and Resistance in the American South'. She was also featured in a 2021 exhibition at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and a 2023 show at the Nasher Sculpture Center.

Buchanan's work is in the collection of the Addison Art Gallery of American Art at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, Georgia Museum of Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, Georgia.

Awards

 * 1980: Guggenheim Fellowship and a National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship
 * 1990: National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in sculpture
 * 1994: Pollock-Krasner Foundation Award
 * 1997: Georgia Visual Arts honoree
 * 2002: Anonymous Was a Woman Award
 * 2005: College Art Association Committee for Women in the Arts distinguished honoree
 * 2011: Women's Caucus for Art lifetime achievement award

Selected solo exhibitions
List from exhibition catalogue "9 Women in Georgia"
 * Traveling retrospective exhibition organized by the Montclair Art Museum to nine museums and college galleries, 1994–96
 * Steinbaum Krauss Gallery, New York, 1993
 * Schering-Plough Headquarters Gallery, Madison, NJ, 1992
 * Three Rivers Art Festival, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1992
 * Chrysler Museum, Norfolk, VA, 1992
 * Jacksonville Art Museum, Florida, 1992
 * Bernie Steinbaum Gallery, New York, 1991, 1990
 * Oregon School of Arts and Crafts, Portland, 1991
 * Greenville County Museum, South Carolina, 1991
 * Fairleigh Dickenson University, Rutherford, NJ, 1990
 * Museum of Arts and Sciences, Macon, GA 1990
 * Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art, Winston-Salem, NC, 1989
 * Heath Gallery, Atlanta, GA 1987, 1986, 1981
 * University of Alabama, 1982
 * Kornblee Gallery, New York, 1981
 * Truman Gallery, New York, 1978
 * Mercer University, Macon, GA, 1977
 * Upsala College, East Orange, NJ, 1974
 * Cinque Gallery, New York, 1972

title: Beverly Buchanan


text:
Wieland

Wieland is a Germanic name, from wela, "battle", and nand, "brave". The English form is Wayland.

 * Weyland the Smith, a smith in Germanic mythology

Given name

 * Wieland Wagner (1917–1966), grandson of Richard Wagner

Surname

 * Alon Wieland (1935–2022), American businessman and politician
 * Christoph Martin Wieland (1733–1813), German poet
 * Heinrich Otto Wieland (1877–1957), Nobel Prize–winning German chemist
 * Jan Müller-Wieland (born 1966), German composer
 * Joe Wieland (born 1990), American baseball player
 * Johann Wieland (born 1972), Austrian ski mountaineer
 * Liza Wieland (born 1960), American novelist
 * Melchior Wieland (c. 1520–1589), Prussian herbalist
 * Paul Wieland (born 1962), American politician
 * Rainer Wieland (born 1957), German politician
 * Wolfgang Wieland (1948–2023), German lawyer and politician

Other

 * Wieland (novel), a 1798 novel by Charles Brockden Brown

title: Wieland


text:
User talk:Facebust12345

Baz Albazi
Baz is the biggest loser every made by the Lord and cannot be undone. Baz is very unsuccessful at life and wears his dad's clothes including used underwear and likes to be in presence of many men wearing his dad's used underwear. He is the greatest weiner of them all. I have seen many wieners but none like him. He enjoys walks on the beach with his crappy ass ringtone. I cannot stand him and he has a nose like a parrot. It is larger than life. Baz is stupid

title: User talk:Facebust12345


text:
Sherwani

Sherwani is a long-sleeved outer coat worn by men in South Asia. Like the Western frock coat, it is fitted, with some waist suppression; it falls to below the knees and is buttoned down the front. It can be collarless, have a shirt-style collar, or a stand-up collar in the style of the Mandarin collar. It evolved in the Indian subcontinent in the 19th-century as a result of the outer garment of the late Mughal period, the angarkha—itself evolved from the Persian cape, balaba—being given a western style with a button-down front.

Etymology
The name of the attire is plausibly derived from Shirvan or Sherwan, a region of present-day Azerbaijan, due to the folk dress of that area (Chokha) which resembles the sherwani. Therefore, the garment may also be a Mughalized derivative of the Caucasian dress due to the ethnocultural linkages of Turco-Persian affinity during the Middle Ages.

History

The sherwani originated in the 18th century in South Asia, before being more generally adopted in the late 19th century. It was originally associated with Muslim aristocracy during the period of British rule. According to Emma Tarlo, the sherwani evolved from a Persian cape (balaba or chapkan), which was gradually given a more Indian form (angarkha), and finally developed into the sherwani, with buttons down the front, following European fashion. It originated in 19th century British India as the European style court dress of regional Mughal nobles and royals of northern India, before being more generally adopted in the late 19th century. It appeared first at Lucknow in the 1820s. It was gradually adopted by the rest of the royalty and aristocracy of the Indian subcontinent, and later by the general population, as a more evolved form of occasional traditional attire.

Description
The sherwani evolved from a Persian cape (balaba or chapkan) and was developed into the sherwani, with buttons down the front, following European fashion.

Use
The sherwani is now famous as a wedding outfit, and it has always been popular as an outfit which can be worn on formal occasions. The sherwani signified the dignity and etiquette of the nobility, and it used to be the court dress of the nobles of Turkish and Persian origin. It is the national dress of Pakistan for men. A sherwani carries a regal feel.

India
In India, the achkan has been generally worn, which is much shorter than the sherwani. The achkan was worn on formal occasions in winter, especially by those from Rajasthan, Punjab, Delhi, Jammu, Uttar Pradesh and Hyderabad. The achkan is generally associated with the Hindus while the sherwani was historically and is still favored by Muslims. The two garments have significant similarities, though sherwanis typically are more flared at the hips and achkans are lengthier than simple sherwanis. The achkan later evolved into the Nehru Jacket, which is now popular in India. In India, the achkan or sherwani is generally worn in combination with the churidar as the lower garment.

Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, the sherwani is worn by people on formal occasions such as weddings and Eid.

Pakistan
After the independence of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah frequently wore the sherwani. Following him, most people and government officials in Pakistan such as the President and Prime Minister started to wear the formal black sherwani over the shalwar kameez on state occasions and national holidays. General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq made it compulsory for all officers to wear sherwani on state occasions and national holidays.

Sri Lanka
In Sri Lanka, Sherwani was generally worn as the formal uniform of Mudaliyars and early Tamil legislators during the British colonial period.

Modern sherwanis
Sherwanis are mostly worn in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. These garments usually feature detailed embroidery or patterns. One major difference between sherwani-wearing habits is the choice of lower garment: while in India it is mainly worn with churidars or pyjamas, in Pakistan and Bangladesh it is mainly worn with a shalwar.

Pakistani journalist, filmmaker and activist, Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy appeared in sherwani when she won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film in 2012 and 2015.

title: Sherwani


text:
2005 UEFA European Under-17 Championship

The 2005 UEFA European Under-17 Championship was the fourth edition of UEFA's European Under-17 Football Championship. Italy hosted the championship, during 3–14 May. Turkey defeated Netherlands in the final to win the competition for the second time.

Qualifying
2005 UEFA European Under-17 Championship qualifying round

Match officials
A total of 6 referees, 8 assistant referees and 2 fourth officials were appointed for the final tournament.

 * Referees
 * 🇨🇿 Pavel Kralovec
 * 🇫🇮 Jöuni Hietala
 * 🇳🇴 Svein Oddvar Moen
 * Pavel Cristian Balaj
 * 🇸🇰 Pavel Olsiak
 * 🇪🇸 Bernardino Gonzalez Vazquez

 * Assistant referees
 * 🇧🇪 Vincent De Spiegeleer
 * Henrik Sonderby
 * 🇪🇪 Hannes Reinvald
 * 🇰🇿 Ruslan Duzmambetov
 * 🇲🇹 Konrad G. Borg
 * 🇲🇩 Veaselav Berco
 * 🇵🇱 Rafal Rostkowski
 * 🇺🇦 Andriy Pryimak

 * Fourth officials
 * 🇮🇹 Luca Banti
 * 🇮🇹 Nicola Stefanini

Semi-finals
For winning their semi-finals, Netherlands and Turkey qualified for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship with Italy and Croatia meeting in the third place playoff for the third and final place in the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship.

Third place play-off
For winning the third place play-off, Italy qualified for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship with Croatia missing out.


text:
Hard Candy: A Book of Stories

Hard Candy: A Book of Stories is a collection of short stories by American writer Tennessee Williams, which was first published in 1954 by New Directions.

Stories
Those stories published originally in magazines before being collected in Hard Candy are indicated.

 * "Three Players of a Summer Game” (The New Yorker, October 24, 1952)
 * "Two on a Party”
 * "The Resemblance between a Violin Case and a Coffin” (Flair, 1950)
 * "Hard Candy"
 * "Rubio y Morena” (Partisan Review, December 12, 1948)
 * "The Mattress by the Tomato Patch”
 * "The Coming of Something to the Widow Holly”
 * "The Vine” (Mademoiselle, July 1954)
 * "The Mysteries of the Joy Rio”

Critical Assessment
The period in which Williams wrote the stories for Hard Candy were contemporaneous with the staging of A Streetcar Named Desire (1948) with his emergence as “America’s most important playwright.”

The years 1948-1952 were a “golden age” for Williams, both personally and professionally. Literary critic and biographer Gore Vidal termed 1948 Williams’ “ annus mirabilis"

Literary critic Dennis Vannatta cautions that “although this period produced a bright flowering of his short fiction, not every story written during this time is first-rate.”

In March 1954 Williams noted in a letter that he was "pulling together a short-long play based on the characters in "Three Players." The play was Cat on a Hot Tin Roof.

The 1967 paperback edition, dedicated to Jane and Paul Bowles, notes that the title piece, "Hard Candy," is a later version of "The Mysteries of the Joy Rio," yet both stories are included, despite employing the same theme and the same setting, because the accounts are so different.

title: Hard Candy: A Book of Stories


text:
Talk:Huang Binhong

Date discrepancy
Date discrepancy with the Chinese wikipedia version--Confuzion 02:03, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I think I fixed that. Although some sites did have him born in 1864, Hong Kong's did not so I made the change.--T. Anthony 05:52, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Huang Binhong. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051120080802/http://www.asia-art.net/chinese_artist2.html to http://www.asia-art.net/chinese_artist2.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070310215807/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Arts/english/collections/24/item2420.html to http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Arts/english/collections/24/item2420.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:41, 7 November 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Huang Binhong. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051025104638/http://www.oberlin.edu/allenart/collection/huang_binhong.html to http://www.oberlin.edu/allenart/collection/huang_binhong.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:14, 13 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Huang Binhong


text:
User talk:Abbatangelo

Abbatangelo is an Italian surname most often found in southern Italy.

It is also my username.

title: User talk:Abbatangelo


text: Category:Companies of Croatia

title: Category:Companies of Croatia


text:
Delaware Route 404

Delaware Route 404 (DE 404) is a major state highway in Sussex County, Delaware that spans the east-west width of the state. DE 404's western terminus is at the Maryland border northwest of Bridgeville, where the road continues into that state as Maryland Route 404 (MD 404), and its eastern terminus is at the Five Points intersection with U.S. Route 9 (US 9), DE 1, and US 9 Business (US 9 Bus.) in Nassau. The route passes through rural areas as well as the towns of Bridgeville and Georgetown. DE 404 runs concurrent with DE 18 from east of Bridgeville to Georgetown and with US 9 from Georgetown to Five Points. DE 404 has a business route, DE 404 Bus., that passes through Bridgeville and a truck route, DE 404 Truck, that bypasses Georgetown. DE 404, along with MD 404, serves as a major route connecting the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and the Baltimore–Washington Metropolitan Area with the Delaware Beaches.

DE 404 was first designated by 1936 to run from the Maryland border to DE 18 southeast of Bridgeville. The route was extended east to Five Points by 1987. By 1999, DE 404 was realigned to bypass Bridgeville, with DE 404 Bus. designated on the former route through the town. The new alignment of DE 404 around Bridgeville replaced DE 404 Alternate (DE 404 Alt.), which was designated by 1990.

Route description
DE 404 begins at the Maryland border, where the road continues northwest into that state as MD 404. From the state line, the route heads southeast on two-lane undivided Seashore Highway, passing through a mix of farmland and woodland with some homes and businesses. DE 404 intersects Adamsville Road in the community of Adams Crossroads before it crosses the Marshyhope Creek. In the community of Scotts Corner, the road comes to a junction with the western terminus of DE 36. DE 404 continues through more rural areas and has an intersection with Dublin Hill Road. The route briefly becomes a divided highway before it turns northeast onto two-lane undivided Newton Road, with DE 404 Bus. continuing southeast along Seashore Highway toward the town of Bridgeville. From here, DE 404 heads through agricultural areas to the north of Bridgeville, curving east and crossing the Delmarva Central Railroad's Delmarva Subdivision line at-grade.

The route comes to an intersection with US 13 and turns south to form a concurrency with that route on Sussex Highway, a four-lane divided highway. A short distance later, US 13 Bus. splits off at an eastbound right-in/right-out intersection to head southwest into Bridgeville. The road crosses Redden Road and continues through farmland with some businesses to the east of Bridgeville. Upon reaching an intersection with US 13 Bus./DE 404 Bus., DE 404 splits from US 13 by heading southeast onto four-lane divided Seashore Highway. The road passes a few businesses before becoming two lanes and undivided as it continues through agricultural areas, coming to an intersection with DE 18.

At this point, DE 18 heads east concurrent with DE 404 along Seashore Highway through a mix of farmland and woodland with some residences and businesses. The road crosses the Nanticoke River and passes through tracts of the Redden State Forest, heading across Gravelly Branch to the south of Collins Pond and crossing Deep Creek further east. DE 18/DE 404 enters the town of Georgetown and becomes Bridgeville Road, running to the north of the Jack F. Owens Campus of Delaware Technical Community College. The road intersects US 113 and the western terminus of DE 404 Truck in a commercial area and continues east. The two routes head southeast onto North Bedford Street, passing homes and businesses. The road intersects US 9 at a traffic circle called The Circle in the center of Georgetown, where the Sussex County Courthouse is located. Here, DE 18 reaches its eastern terminus.

At this point, DE 404 continues northeast concurrent with US 9 on East Market Street through the downtown area. The road crosses the Delmarva Central Railroad's Indian River Subdivision line at-grade and runs through residential areas with a few businesses, passing south of the Southern Delaware Tourism Visitors Center. The roadway briefly becomes a divided highway at the Sand Hill Road/Airport Road intersection. US 9/DE 404 heads east-northeast out of Georgetown and becomes Lewes Georgetown Highway, passing through farmland and woodland with some development. The two routes intersect the eastern terminus of US 9 Truck/DE 404 Truck a short distance east of Georgetown. In the community of Gravel Hill, the road crosses DE 30. Following this intersection, US 9/DE 404 passes through more rural land, reaching a junction with DE 5 near businesses in the community of Harbeson. Past here, the two routes cross an abandoned railroad line at the Cool Spring Road intersection in the community of Cool Spring. Farther east, residential development near the road begins to increase, with the road passing through the community of Belltown. Upon reaching the area of the Five Points intersection in the community of Nassau, US 9/DE 404 runs past homes and businesses, widening into a divided highway and coming to an intersection with DE 1D/DE 23. US 9/DE 404 runs along a four-lane divided highway before the road comes to a junction with DE 1. Here, DE 404 ends, US 9 Bus. continues northeast, and US 9 heads east for a concurrency with DE 1. At this intersection, access from eastbound DE 404 to northbound DE 1 is provided by a reverse jughandle.

DE 404 serves as part of a major route connecting the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and the Baltimore–Washington Metropolitan Area to the Delaware Beaches. DE 404 also serves as part of a primary hurricane evacuation route from the Delaware Beaches to points inland. The section of the route between DE 5 in Harbeson and DE 1 in Five Points is designated as part of the Delaware Bayshore Byway, a Delaware Byway and National Scenic Byway. The highest annual average daily traffic along DE 404 is 22,186 vehicles along the US 13 concurrency with the lowest being 4,860 vehicles at the western terminus of DE 404 Bus. All of DE 404 is part of the National Highway System, a network of roads important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility.

History
By 1920, what would originally become DE 404 was an unimproved county road, with the section east of Bridgeville under contract as a state highway. The entire route of what would become DE 404 was completed as a state highway to a point northwest of Bridgeville by 1924. By 1931, the road was built as a state highway northwest to the Maryland border. DE 404 was designated to run from the Maryland border, where it connected to MD 404, southeast to DE 18 southeast of Bridgeville by 1936. The route followed its current alignment to Bridgeville, where it passed through the town on Market Street and South Main Street before picking up its current alignment east of US 13. At this time, what is now DE 404 past its then-eastern terminus was designated as part of DE 18. By 1987, DE 404 was extended east to DE 1 in Five Points, following DE 18 to Georgetown and US 9 (which had replaced a portion of DE 18) from Georgetown to Five Points. DE 404 Alt. was created to bypass Bridgeville to the north and east by 1990, following Newton Road and US 13. The alternate route became a part of mainline DE 404 by 1999, with the former alignment of DE 404 through Bridgeville designated DE 404 Bus.

DE 404 saw increased traffic levels in the summer months due to people traveling to the Delaware Beaches, which has led to traffic congestion and safety concerns. A traffic study on increasing congestion along east-west roads in Sussex County, including DE 404, was undertaken in 1986 in coordination with Maryland officials. In 1988, plans were made for a consultant to design road improvements for an east-west corridor between Bridgeville and the Lewes area. The Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT) undertook the Sussex East-West Corridor Study, which was published in 1992, to study road improvements to the DE 404 corridor. The study included different proposed alignments and plans for bypasses of Bridgeville and Georgetown. As part of this study, a survey of historic properties within the proposed path of the roadway was undertaken. In 2004, plans for a new roadway along the DE 404 corridor resurfaced when the House Transportation Committee of the Delaware House of Representatives called for DelDOT to conduct a feasibility study on constructing a new roadway. State Representative Gerald Hocker and State Senator George Bunting sponsored a resolution that would address increasing traffic in Sussex County. In 2019, DelDOT began the Coastal Corridors Study to study east-west traffic patterns on roads in northern Sussex County including DE 404. The study is intended to develop long-term road improvements along the corridor. In March 2021, five virtual workshops on the study were held to present collected data and gather input from the public.

In 1991, the Five Points intersection was reconfigured to separate the DE 23 and Plantation Road intersection from US 9/DE 404, with a short connector road linking US 9/DE 404 to the two roads. In addition, a jughandle was constructed from eastbound US 9/DE 404 to northbound DE 1. In 2004, DelDOT began a study on converting the Five Points intersection into an interchange in addition to developing plans on widening US 9/DE 404 west of the Five Points intersection. Alternatives for these projects were presented at public workshops between 2004 and 2008, although the projects were cancelled due to lack of support and financial limitations.

In June 2007, a $15 million project began that realigned the intersection between US 13 and DE 404/US 13 Bus./DE 404 Bus. in Bridgeville from a skewed intersection to a perpendicular intersection and built service roads on both sides of US 13. The project was intended to improve safety at the intersection, which saw a high accident rate due to its design. Work on the project was completed on May 21, 2009, with DelDOT secretary Carolann Wicks and President of Commissioners for the Town of Bridgeville William Jefferson in attendance at a ceremony.

On January 25, 2021, construction began to realign Airport Road and Sand Hill Road at their intersection with US 9/DE 404 east of Georgetown as part of a larger project to create an eastern gateway into Georgetown. Construction was expected to be completed in April 2021.

In 2022, construction began to reconfigure the intersection between US 9/DE 404 and DE 1D/DE 23 that would realign DE 1D and DE 23 to meet at a roundabout and intersect a longer connector road linking to US 9/DE 404 and also build a direct ramp from southbound DE 1 to US 9/DE 404 at the DE 1D/DE 23 intersection. The connector to DE 1D/DE 23 and the ramp from southbound DE 1 opened on May 16, 2024. An interchange is planned with US 113 as part of improving that highway. The proposed interchange at US 113 is currently in the design phase, with construction expected to begin in 2024.

DE 404 Business
Delaware Route 404 Business (DE 404 Bus.) is a 3.45 mi long business route of DE 404 that runs through the town of Bridgeville. The route begins at DE 404 northwest of Bridgeville, heading southeast on two-lane undivided Seashore Highway through agricultural areas with some homes. DE 404 Bus. enters Bridgeville and heads through commercial areas, briefly becoming a divided highway before it intersects Federalsburg Road. At this junction, the business route turns northeast onto two-lane undivided Market Street and crosses the Delmarva Central Railroad's Delmarva Subdivision line at-grade. The route passes several homes before intersecting US 13 Bus. and turning south to join that route on South Main Street. The two routes run through more residential areas before leaving Bridgeville and heading through farmland with some development. The road widens into a four-lane divided highway and heads into a commercial area, intersecting US 13 and DE 404. At this point US 13 Bus. and DE 404 Bus. both end, with the road continuing southeast as DE 404. The highest annual average daily traffic along DE 404 Bus. is 7,797 vehicles at the eastern terminus at US 13 and DE 404 with the lowest being 5,344 vehicles at the western border of Bridgeville. DE 404 Bus. was created in 1999 when DE 404 was rerouted to bypass Bridgeville on the alignment of DE 404 Alt. Between June 2007 and May 2009, the intersection with US 13 and DE 404 at the eastern terminus was realigned from a skewed intersection to a perpendicular intersection.

Major intersections

DE 404 Truck
Delaware Route 404 Truck (DE 404 Truck) is a truck bypass of the section of DE 404 through the town of Georgetown. The route begins at the intersection between US 113 and DE 18/DE 404, heading south along with US 113 on four-lane divided Dupont Boulevard. The road passes through commercial areas with some farmland, reaching an intersection with US 9. At this point, US 113/DE 404 Truck becomes concurrent with US 9 Truck. The road heads southeast through woodland with some farm fields and businesses. US 9 Truck/DE 404 Truck split from US 113 by heading east-northeast on two-lane undivided Arrow Safety Road. The road passes through a mix of farmland and woodland with some development, coming to a roundabout with South Bedford Street, where the name changes to Park Avenue. The routes continue east before curving to the northeast, crossing the Delmarva Central Railroad's Indian River Subdivision line at-grade. The road turns east and passes to the south of Delaware Coastal Airport, where it makes a curve to the north. US 9 Truck/DE 404 Truck head through a mix of farmland and woodland with some homes to the east of the airport, crossing the Delmarva Central Railroad's Lewes Industrial Track line at-grade before ending at US 9/DE 404 east of Georgetown.

Major intersections

Former DE 404 Alternate
Delaware Route 404 Alternate (DE 404 Alt.) was a 4.65 mi alternate route of DE 404 that bypassed the town of Bridgeville. It ran to the north of Bridgeville on Newton Road and to the east of Bridgeville on US 13. The route was created by 1990. The alignment of DE 404 Alt. was replaced by DE 404 in 1999. The route of DE 404 in Bridgeville then became known as DE 404 Bus.

Major intersections

title: Delaware Route 404


text:
Mark Holtz

Mark Holtz (October 1, 1945 – September 7, 1997) was an American sportscaster, best known for his broadcasts of Major League Baseball's Texas Rangers.

Career
In 1981, he served as broadcaster on Rangers' cable games, then from 1982-1994 as play-by-play announcer on Rangers' radio broadcasts. Holtz and color commentator Eric Nadel, who joined him in 1982, became one of the most recognized broadcast teams in the DFW area.

Before joining the Rangers, Holtz was the voice of the Omaha Royals in 1971 and the Denver Bears from 1976 to 1980. Holtz was also the first radio broadcaster for the Dallas Mavericks NBA team in their inaugural season, 1980–81, and during his career called college football for the University of Colorado and University of Illinois, as well as college basketball for the University of Colorado and Bradley University and college ice hockey for the University of Denver.

In 1995, Holtz would return to TV broadcasting, where he remained until May 22, 1997, when he had to give up his duties to battle leukemia, which would claim his life on September 7 of that year.

Holtz was well known for being able to keep people's interest in a game even when things were not going well, which was a frequent occurrence for the generally poor-performing team.

He was the voice of the Texas Rangers for their first ever playoff series, in 1996, against the New York Yankees. Holtz was also behind the microphone for Kenny Rogers' perfect game against the California Angels on July 28, 1994.

"They are standing at the ballpark, it doesn't get any better than this! The count is at one, two out, 9th inning, perfect game, Kenny Rogers for the Rangers against Gary DiSarcina of the Angels. And the pitch...swung on, lined to center...Greer is there, he's calling...HE'S GOT IT!!! HELLO PERFECT GAME!!! Kenny Rogers, mobbed on the mound! 27 up, 27 down! On July 28, Kenny Rogers has pitched the first perfect game in Texas Ranger history! The bench has erupted, they have mobbed Kenny Rogers...what a scene in the first year of the Ballpark in Arlington! The Rangers have won it, 4 to nothing!"

Death and remembrance
Holtz began every home Rangers broadcast by jubilantly stating that "It's baseball time in Texas!" This phrase is still often used throughout the Rangers Ballpark by everybody from scoreboard operators to public address announcer Chuck Morgan. Holtz' signature closing phrase was "Hello Win Column", which he would exclaim after every Rangers win. He was able to use this phrase on May 22, 1997, his last game as broadcaster, as the Rangers won that evening.

In his memory, Mark Holtz Lake (a wide spot in Johnson Creek north of Rangers Ballpark in Arlington) is named for him. And after every Rangers home win, the center-field scoreboard still flashes his signature phrase "Hello Win Column."

Thousands of Texas Rangers fans camped around Mark Holtz Lake for playoff tickets in 1996, 1998, and 1999.

When the Rangers beat the Tampa Bay Rays in Game 5 of the ALDS on October 12, 2010, to capture their first postseason series victory, Eric Nadel exclaimed, "Hello Win Column!" on the Rangers radio broadcast. It has been the only time to date Nadel used the phrase since Holtz's passing.

title: Mark Holtz


text: User talk:70.21.180.229

title: User talk:70.21.180.229


text:
Talk:Battle of Komaki

Battle of Komaki and Nagakute
Is there any reason this article isn't combined with Battle of Nagakute? Both the Japanese and Chinese versions of this article have to two combined. Douggers 11:42, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I guess there's no reason to keep them separated, other than the fact that they were separate battles. They are surely closely enough related that the narrative could be told in a single article. Would you be interested in doing the merge? LordAmeth 22:11, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I started working on Battle of Komaki and Nagakute. I'm just doing a quick translation of the Japanese page, after which I'll formally merge the other two articles with it. Douggers 03:02, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Battle of Komaki