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Talk:Launch pad

Alternatives
These aren't covered, see Talk:Spaceplane BTW: EMALS could also be used to provide a boost to conventional rockets (rather than just spaceplanes). This could be done by placing using a standing rail on the launchpad and guide the rocket along it (ie by equipping the rocket with guide wheels) and accellerate it at the same time using EMALS placed along the rail.

Another method is to use a space gun, perhaps not using a combustible gas but compressed air or compressed nitrogen. This eliminates the need of making the vehicle resistant to high temperatures. The barrel (pipe) prevents the thust energy of dissipating quickly in the environment and hence improves energy efficiency. EMALS could be added at the top of the barrel to reduce the on-board energy storage requirements (for thrust). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.182.154.251 (talk) 06:52, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

91.182.60.211 (talk) 08:59, 3 July 2012 (UTC)

Topped off
The article includes the statement: "Most cryogenic launch vehicles need to be continuously topped off as scheduled liftoff approaches", but "topped off" is not defined. Does this perhaps refer to the removal of expanding gases due to the warming of liquid fuels? If so, is this the function performed by the 'beanie cap' seen being removed a couple of minutes before Space Shuttle launches? And what happens if there needs to be a hold after the cap has been removed? Whatever "topped off" means, it needs to be made clear to the reader what is being discussed here. Credulity (talk) 17:20, 30 July 2012 (UTC)

 * No, it means just the opposite, the replacement of fluid rather than its removal. It's a common phrase used to refer to, for example "topping off your cup of coffee." Those "expanding gases" are actually boiling off cryogenic liquids (oxygen oxidizer, and hydrogen when used as fuel). Other commonly used propellants, kerosene-based fuel and hypergolic propellant, aren't cryogenic and so don't need to be topped off. The article has been clarified. JustinTime55 (talk) 18:22, 29 May 2013 (UTC)

Could say how specific each launch pad is to the rocket types it can currently launch.
Could say how specific each launch pad is to the rocket types it can currently launch. It's a major job to modify a launch pad to launch a different type of rocket - especially if there is a fixed or mobile launch tower, or a change in propellants. - Rod57 (talk) 23:26, 8 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Launch pad


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Robert Dodd (baseball)

Robert Wayne Dodd (born March 14, 1973) is an American former professional baseball pitcher, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies for a single season, in 1998.

Early life and career
Dodd was born in Kansas City, Kansas. He attended Plano Senior High School in the north Dallas suburb of Plano, Texas, and played for the Plano Wildcats high school baseball team.

Dodd attended the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he played for coach Joe Arnold's Florida Gators baseball team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) competition in 1994.

Dodd was drafted by the Philadelphia Phillies in the fourteenth round of the 1994 MLB Draft as a pitcher. He appeared in 4 games (5 innings) at the major league level. In a strange twist, in Dodd's final MLB appearance he pitched 1 scoreless inning (top of the 9th) with the Phillies trailing 7–1. The team rallied for 7 runs in the bottom of the inning giving him his only MLB win.

In the 2000s, Dodd was diagnosed with diabetes.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Robert Dodd (baseball)


text:
Raindance Communications

Raindance Communications, Inc. was an American company that provided online meeting, web conferencing and teleconferencing services. The Company offered interactive services including automated phone conferencing, web conferencing, and collaboration, which allows users the ability to whiteboard, tour the web, and share desktop applications.

History
Raindance was founded in April 1997 in Delaware. Their principal executive offices were located in Louisville, Colorado. The company had its first recorded revenues in January 1998 and had incurred net losses since inception. Raindance began offering its Web and Phone Conferencing service in April 1999 and the Web Conferencing Pro service upon our acquisition of Contigo Software, Inc. in June 2000.

In May 2001, the company changed its name from Evoke to Raindance Communications as a result of a settlement agreement reached in January between Evoke Software, "Raindance is an inviting symbol of how we harness the collective energy of a group of people. We allow workgroups to spontaneously come together over the phone and Web to share ideas and make things happen." That same year, Raindance was restructured to solely focus on Web and phone conferencing services. In connection with this restructuring, significant changes were made to the services and growth strategies, including a significant reduction in the employee base. As a result of the limited operating history, increased competition, the rapidly changing market for the Web conferencing services the company's quarterly operating results have varied significantly from period to period. For example, its quarterly net loss ranged between $1.8 million and $12.9 million in the four quarters ended March 31, 2002. The company's quarterly revenue ranged between $9.1 million and $13.9 million in the four quarters ended March 31, 2002.

In February 2006, Raindance was acquired by Omaha, Nebraska based West Corporation, a provider of outsourced communication solutions for $110 Million, at $2.70 per share in cash. Shareholders of Raindance agreed to the acquisition in April 2006 and the company was then incorporated into InterCall, Inc., a division of West Corporation.

Products
Raindance Communications offered the "Web Conferencing Pro" service, which was originally called "Collaboration". It is a web conferencing tool that allows users to hold virtual meetings and seminars. Meeting moderators can share desktop applications, display slides, conceptualize on a shared whiteboard and lead a web tour. In addition, moderators can use a variety of tools to keep participants engaged and encourage interactivity, including annotation tools, text chat, and polling. Its interface could have been branded with personalized colors and logo. The product was offered in two versions, Meeting and Seminar. The Web Conferencing Pro Meeting featured:

 * User sharing share desktop applications in real-time;
 * Whiteboarding, which allowed moderators to write or draw in real-time;
 * Web Touring, allowed moderators to guide participants anywhere on the web;
 * Text Chat, a real-time web chat;
 * Polling, it enabled moderators to plan or conduct live polling during a presentation;
 * Co-moderator capabilities enabled a moderator to promote any number of participants to take control of the conference and
 * Record and Playback which allowed users to record their conference meeting

The Web Conferencing Pro Seminar built upon the features of the Meeting version with the addition of automated event management tools such as posting meeting schedules, managing participant registration and setting automatic email reminders before the event. In addition, the Seminar version includes additional features to encourage large-group interaction and management, such as the Q&A feature.

Raindance lawsuit for patent infringement
On September 27, 2005, WebEx sued Raindance Communications, Inc., a competitor, for patent infringement. On October 14, 2005, Raindance filed a countersuit against WebEx for patent infringement. Both parties sought both damages and an injunction enjoining further acts they claim to be infringing on patents. On March 31, 2006, the parties agreed to the dismissal of both actions, releases of claims for past infringement, payments associated with those releases, and cross-licenses to each other's patents. The agreement resulted in Webex receiving $1.0 million from Raindance.

title: Raindance Communications


text:
Love, Reign o'er Me

"Love, Reign o'er Me", subtitled "Pete's Theme", is a song by English rock band The Who. Written and composed by guitarist Pete Townshend, it was released on 27 October 1973 as the second single from the band's sixth studio album and second rock opera, Quadrophenia. It is the final song on the album, and has been a concert staple for years. The song peaked at number 76 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 54 on Cash Box.

Origin and recording
"Love, Reign o'er Me," along with "Is It in My Head?" (also from Quadrophenia), date back to 1972. Both songs were originally intended to be part of the unreleased autobiographical album, Rock Is Dead—Long Live Rock! This later evolved into Quadrophenia.

Lyrics
"Love, Reign o'er Me" concerns the main character of Quadrophenia, Jimmy, having a personal crisis. With nothing left to live for, he finds a spiritual redemption in pouring rain. As Townshend described the song: "[It] refers to Meher Baba's one time comment that rain was a blessing from God; that thunder was God's Voice. It's another plea to drown, only this time in the rain. Jimmy goes through a suicide crisis. He surrenders to the inevitable, and you know, you know, when it's over and he goes back to town he'll be going through the same shit, being in the same terrible family situation and so on, but he's moved up a level. He's weak still, but there's a strength in that weakness. He's in danger of maturing."

Release and reception
"Love, Reign o'er Me" was released as a 7" single in the US, with "Water" as the B-side. The single version is shorter than the album track, is missing the introductory rain sounds and the first piano intro and timpani and gong crash, has a slightly different sequence of the lyrics, and ends on string synthesizers with piano rather than the drum solo, guitar, gong and brass explosion as on the album. The single peaked at number 76 on the US Billboard Hot 100. It was also released in Belgium and the Netherlands.  Billboard praised Roger Daltrey's vocal performance, the "dynamic orchestral arrangements" and the "interesting" synthesizer use.

Roger Daltrey's vocal on the track has been widely praised; Mark Deming of Allmusic noted that "Quadrophenia captured him at the very peak of his powers, and 'Love, Reign o'er Me' is one moment where his golden-haired rock-god persona truly works and gives this song all the force it truly deserves."

Cash Box said that "powerhouse performance from Peter Townshend and the gang, coupled with super lyrics and production make this one the closest thing to an "automatic hit” yet."

In 2012, Paste ranked the song number one on their list of the 20 greatest The Who songs, and in 2022, Rolling Stone ranked the song number five on their list of the 50 greatest The Who songs.

The song was also featured in the 1979 film based on the Quadrophenia album as well as the soundtrack album. The version included on the soundtrack features an added flute and string arrangement, and the ending is a few seconds shorter than the album version. The rain sounds have also been removed.

The song served as inspiration for the title of the 2007 film Reign Over Me, and it was also featured extensively throughout the film.

Live performances
"Love, Reign o'er Me" was first performed live on the Who's Quadrophenia tour in 1973 and 1974, but it was dropped after the tour. It was returned to the band's setlist for the 1982 farewell tour of North America. The band performed it again at its one-off performance at Bob Geldof's Live Aid concert at Wembley Stadium in London, England on 13 July 1985 and it remained in the act for their 1989 reunion tour. When the Who performed Quadrophenia in its entirety in the summer of 1996, the band was joined by Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour. At the Who's 1 July 2002 concert at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles, California, the first after the death of bassist John Entwistle, it was brought back and performed on their Quadrophenia and More tour, The Who Hits 50! tour, and the Moving On! Tour. Live performances of "Love, Reign o'er Me" can be found on the live albums Who's Last, Greatest Hits Live, Join Together, Live from Toronto, Quadrophenia Live in London, Live at the Isle of Wight Festival 2004, and The Who Live in Hyde Park.

Personnel

 * Roger Daltrey – lead vocals
 * Pete Townshend – guitar, keyboards
 * John Entwistle – bass guitar, French horn
 * Keith Moon – drums

Track listing
All songs written by Pete Townshend.
 * 7" Vinyl (US)
 * 1) "Love, Reign o'er Me" - 3:07
 * 2) "Water" - 4:39

 * 7" Vinyl (Belgium and the Netherlands)
 * 1) "Love, Reign o'er Me" - 3:07
 * 2) "Is It in My Head?" - 3:46

Pearl Jam version
The American rock band Pearl Jam released a cover of "Love, Reign o'er Me" for the 2007 film, Reign Over Me, which took its name from the Who's song. Pearl Jam's version is played over the film’s end credits, while the Who's version is heard twice in the movie.

Origin and recording
Actor Adam Sandler (who portrays Charlie Fineman in the film) approached vocalist Eddie Vedder after a 2006 Pearl Jam concert in Los Angeles, California about covering "Love, Reign o'er Me" for the film. Vedder was reluctant at first; however, he agreed to do the cover only after talking to Daltrey, who called Vedder and gave his approval. Guitarist Mike McCready said, "I knew he'd put everything into it, because he'd know Pete Townshend might someday listen to it."

Release and reception
The cover of "Love, Reign o'er Me" made a world premiere on the KISW radio station on 8 January 2007. The track appears on Pearl Jam's 2006 fan club Christmas single along with a cover of Neil Young's "Rockin' in the Free World" featuring Bono and the Edge from U2. The cover was also made available commercially as a single download from iTunes on 23 February 2007. Pearl Jam's version of the song was ranked number 4 in Rolling Stone's list of The 10 Best Covers of the Past Decade. It also peaked at number 32 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.

Live performances
Pearl Jam first performed its cover of "Love, Reign o'er Me" live at the band's 26 June 2007 concert in Copenhagen, Denmark at the Forum. It was one of two songs the band performed for VH1 Rock Honors: The Who in July 2008. Live performances by Pearl Jam of "Love, Reign o'er Me" can be found on various official bootlegs.

title: Love, Reign o'er Me


text:
User talk:Marut28

สวัสดีครับ

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page.
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Additional to the above standard greeting, the Thailand-related topics notice board and the List of Thailand-related topics might also be of interest for you. Are you from Surat Thani? As I am also very interested in having the Surat Thani province covered in great detail, I guess we come across each other quite often. BTW: th:จังหวัดสุราษฎร์ธานี needs a lot of attention, it consists nearly only of red links. But I am also looking forward to many new articles in english, as my Thai is still very very bad.

Another note - the photo you uploaded does not have the necessary license flags. As I guess you took that photo yourself, you just need to add,  or  (whatever you prefer) to mark it as a picture which Wikipedia can use. andy 16:49, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:DSCN1655.JPG
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Hello from Thai Wikipedia
Hello, just would like to invite you to Thai Wikipedia at http://th.wikipedia.org ^_^ --Manop - TH 04:01, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:DSC00845.JPG
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Image tagging for Image:102_2380.JPG
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The thailand list
Please fix the name or I will prod it. Elfin341 04:58, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

List of provinces in Thailand that its capital isn't the largest city
I have added a "" template to the article List of provinces in Thailand that its capital isn't the largest city, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Elfin341 04:58, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

Image:Chiang Mai.jpg
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License tagging for Image:Hua Lum Phong.jpg
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Metropolitan areas in Thailand
As you have started most of these articles, maybe you can help me with my question at Talk:List of metropolitan areas in Thailand by population? Thank you in advance... andy (talk) 11:15, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

BTS Skytrain
Do you have a source for the long list of stations you added to BTS Skytrain? Jpatokal (talk) 02:19, 1 April 2009 (UTC)

Nomination of Grand Square Monorail for deletion
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Nomination of Grand Square Monorail for deletion
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Nomination of Ramkhamhaeng-Thonglor Monorail for deletion
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Nomination for deletion of Template:SRT Rail
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Proposed deletion of GPP of Southern Thailand

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title: User talk:Marut28


text: User talk:64.230.82.99

title: User talk:64.230.82.99


text:
CAD data exchange

CAD data exchange is a method of drawing data exchange used to translate between different computer-aided design (CAD) authoring systems or between CAD and other downstream CAx systems.

Many companies use different CAD systems and exchange CAD data file format with suppliers, customers, and subcontractors. Such formats are often proprietary. Transfer of data is necessary so that, for example, one organization can be developing a CAD model, while another performs analysis work on the same model; at the same time a third organization is responsible for manufacturing the product.

Since the 1980s, a range of different CAD technologies have emerged. They differ in their application aims, user interfaces, performance levels, and in data structures and data file formats. For interoperability purposes a requirement of accuracy in the data exchange process is of paramount importance and robust exchange mechanisms are needed.

The exchange process targets primarily the geometric information of the CAD data but it can also target other aspects such as metadata, knowledge, manufacturing information, tolerances and assembly structure.

There are three options available for CAD data exchange: direct model translation, neutral file exchange and third-party translators.

CAD data content
Although initially targeted for the geometric information (wire frame, surfaces, solids and drawings) of a product, nowadays there are other pieces of information that can be retrieved from a CAD file: The different types of product information targeted by the exchange process may vary throughout the life cycle of the product. At earlier stages of the design process, more emphasis is given to the geometric and design intent aspects of the data exchange while metadata and application data are more important at later stages of the product and process development.
 * Metadata – non-graphical attributes, e.g.:
 * part or detail numbers
 * author of the drawing
 * revision level, file path on the computer or network storage
 * system, the release information, etc.
 * Design intent data – e.g. history trees, formulas, rules, guidelines
 * Application data – e.g. Numerical Control tool paths, Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T), process planning and assembly structure

Data exchange options
There are at least three ways to exchange data between different CAD system: via a hardcopy or image (e.g. TIFF, GIF, JPEG, BMP or PCX, by way of image tracing), CAD-neutral formats or third-party CAD file translators between proprietary file formats. All have their advantages and disadvantages and may be error-prone.

Direct model translation
Direct data translators provide a direct solution which entails translating the data stored in a product database directly from one CAD system format to another, usually in one step. There usually exists a neutral database in a direct data translator. The structure of the neutral database must be general, governed by the minimum required definitions of any of the modelling data types, and be independent of any vendor format. Major CAD systems, such as SolidWorks, PTC Creo, Siemens NX and CATIA can directly read and/or write other CAD formats, simply by using File Open and File Save As options. This option is limited by the fact that most CAD formats are proprietary therefore direct translators are typically unidirectional, partially functional and not standardized.

Neutral file exchange
Neutral file exchange uses an intermediary neutral format to translate data between CAD systems. This method starts from a pre-processor embedded in the original CAD system, which generates the neutral file from the originating CAD format. The target CAD system post-processes the neutral file and converts it into the target native format. Some neutral formats are defined by standards organizations such as IGES and STEP while others are proprietary but still widely used and are regarded as quasi industry standards.

Neutral formats

 * DXF (Drawing eXchange Format):Developed by Autodesk in 1982 as their data interoperability solution between AutoCAD and other CAD systems. The DXF is primarily 2D-based and its format is a tagged data representation of all the information contained in an AutoCAD drawing file, which means that each data element in the file is preceded by an integer number that is called a group code indicating the type of following data element. As most commercial application software developers have chosen to support Autodesk's native DWG as the format for AutoCAD data interoperability, DXF has become less useful.
 * VDA-FS (Verband der Automobilindustrie – Flächenschnittstelle) : Created by the German Association of the Automotive Industry in 1982 as an interoperability method for free-form surfaces. This format differs from other formats in that it only supports the communication of free-form curve and surface data with associated comments, but no other geometric or non-geometric entities. Therefore, it is limited to representations by parametric polynomials, but this covers the great majority of free-form CAD systems. It includes Bézier, B-Spline and Coons tensor product types of surfaces and corresponding curves. The VDA-FS specification is released in the German Industrial Standard DIN 66301.
 * PDES (Product Data Exchange Specification): Originated in 1988 under the Product Definition Data Interface (PDDI) study done by McDonnell Aircraft Corporation on behalf of the U.S. Air Force. PDES was designed to completely define a product for all applications over its expected life cycle, including geometry, topology, tolerances, relationships, attributes, and features necessary to completely define a part or assembly of parts. PDES can be viewed as an expansion of IGES where organizational and technological data have been added. In fact, the later PDES contained IGES. The development of PDES under the guidance of the IGES organization and in close collaboration with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) led to the birth of STEP.
 * STEP (ISO 10303 – STandard for the Exchange of Product model data): The work with the ISO 10303 standard was initiated in 1984 and initially published in 1994, with the objective to standardize the exchange of product data between PLM systems. It is a very comprehensive set of specifications covering many different product types and many life cycle phases. STEP uses the neutral ISO 10303-11 format, also known as an EXPRESS schema. EXPRESS defines not only the data types but also relations and rules applying to them. STEP supports data exchange, data sharing and data archiving. For data exchange, STEP defines the transitory form of the product data that is to be transferred between a pair of applications. It supports data sharing by providing access to and operation on a single copy of the same product data by more than one application, potentially simultaneously. STEP may also be used to support the development of the archive product data itself. STEP consists of several hundred documents called parts. Every year new parts are added or new revisions of older parts are released. This makes STEP the biggest standard within ISO. The 200-series parts STEP are called Application Protocols (AP), with the specific parts directly related to CAD systems:
 * 203 (Configuration controlled 3D designs of mechanical parts and assemblies) – Mainly used for 3D design and product structure. A subset of AP214 but most widely used.
 * 210 (Electronic assembly, interconnect and packaging design) – CAD systems for printed circuit board.
 * 212 (Electrotechnical design and installation) – CAD systems for electrical installation and cable harness.
 * 214 (Core data for automotive mechanical design processes) – How STEP is represented in a text file for interchange.
 * 238 (STEP-NC Application interpreted model for computerized numerical controllers) – CAD, CAM, and CNC machining process information.
 * 242 (Managed model based 3D engineering) – the merging of the two leading STEP application protocols, AP 203 and AP 214.
 * Parasolid XT: Part of the Parasolid geometric modeling kernel originally developed by Shape Data and currently owned by Siemens Digital Industries Software. Parasolid can represent wireframe, surface, solid, cellular and general non-manifold models. It stores topological and geometric information defining the shape of models in transmitting files. These files have a published format so that applications can have access to Parasolid models without necessarily using the Parasolid kernel. Parasolid is capable of accepting data from other modeler formats. Its unique tolerant modeling functionality can accommodate and compensate for less accurate data.

 * IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification): An outdated format originated in late 1979 and initially published by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1980 preceding the large-scale deployment of the CAD technology in the industry. This file format considers the product definition as a file of entities, with each entity being represented in an application-independent format. After the initial release of STEP (ISO 10303) in 1994, interest in further development of IGES declined, and Version 5.3 (1996) was the last published standard.

Third-party translators
Several companies specialize in CAD data translation software that can read from one CAD system and write the information in another CAD system format. There are a handful of companies that provide low-level software toolkits to directly read and write the major CAD file formats. Most CAD developers license these toolkits, to add import and export capabilities to their products. There are also a significant number of companies that use the low-level translation toolkits as the basis for building standalone end-user translation and validation applications. These systems have their own proprietary intermediate format some of which will allow reviewing the data during translation. Some of these translators work stand-alone while others require one or both of the CAD packages installed on the translation machine as they use code (APIs) from these systems to read/write the data. Some companies also use these low-level toolkits to create import or export plug-ins for other CAD applications.

List of software toolkits for developers

 * Datakit CrossCad/Ware: SDK to read and write CAD formats.

List of standalone end-user translation applications

 * Datakit CrossManager: Multi formats CAD translator.
 * PolyTrans|CAD: Multi formats CAD translator.
 * Transmagic: Multi formats CAD translator.

List of plug-ins for CAD applications

 * Datakit CrossCad/Plg: Import and export plug-ins for Rhino, SOLIDWORKS, ...
 * PolyTrans|CAD: Import/export plug-ins for 3ds Max, Maya, CADMATIC and Visual Components.
 * Power translators: Import plug-ins for 3dsMax.

Data exchange quality
Data quality can be addressed intrinsically and extrinsically. Intrinsic problems are those related to the CAD model’s structure before any translation process begins, while extrinsic problems relate to those issues appearing during translation. The development of STEP is the best solution to solve the extrinsic problems, extending its current capabilities to support 2-D parametric sections, 3-D parametric assemblies, and history-based modeling. Product data quality is a key issue to avoid intrinsic data exchange problems and simplify the integration of downstream applications in the design chain.

As each CAD system has its own method of describing geometry, both mathematically and structurally, there is always some loss of information when translating data from one CAD data format to another. One example is when the translation occurs between CAD systems using different geometric modeling kernels, in which the translation inconsistencies can lead to anomalies in the data. The intermediate file formats are also limited in what they can describe, and they can be interpreted differently by both the sending and receiving systems. It is, therefore, important when transferring data between systems to identify what needs to be translated. If only the 3D model is required for the downstream process, then only the model description needs to be transferred. However, there are levels of detail. For example: is the data wireframe, surface, or solid; is the topology (BREP) information required; must the face and edge identifications be preserved on subsequent modification; must the feature information and history be preserved between systems; and is PMI annotation to be transferred. With product models, retaining the assembly structure may be required. If drawings need to be translated, the wireframe geometry is normally not an issue; however text, dimensions and other annotation can be an issue, particularly fonts and formats. No matter what data is to be translated, there is also a need to preserve attributes (such as color and layer of graphical objects) and metadata stored within the files.

Some translation methods are more successful than others at translating data between CAD systems. Native formats offer the simple translation of 3D solids, but even so there are few pitfalls to watch out for. If two CAD systems use different representations for one type of geometry at some point the representation must be converted or even discarded, regardless of the type of translation. Modern Neutral formats are designed to solve this problem. Old neutral formats like IGES can have some translation issues like loss of the original color of the parts, or incorrect position of bodies. This is no longer the case with modern standards like STEP AP242, which embeds Validation Properties. Validation Properties are key characteristics of the model (Center of Gravity of a solid, wet area of a surface, PMI characteristics or even check points on a shape), stored by the emitting system and checked by the receiving system. This allows to control the quality of the imported data. Quality of exchange using STEP is so important that regular benchmarks are run by independent associations (AFNeT, PDES, inc., ProSTEP iViP) to check exchanges between various CAD and PLM systems.

Some CAD systems have functionalities to compare geometry of two models. So, user can compare the model before and after translation from one CAD to another one to estimate quality of the translation, and to fix found defects. But often such functionalities can compare only tessellations of two models. It is really hard algorithmic problem to compare topological elements of two 3D models and restore their associativity to show groups of modified faces, because there are very different representation of geometry data in different CAD systems, but sometimes it is possible. For instance, the component LEDAS Geometry Comparison based on C3D kernel can be integrated in CAD system (like Autodesk Inventor, ) to compare 3D models and pinpoint all of the differences between them.

MultiCAD Digital Mockups
Two CAD/CAM/CAE PLM trends have been driving CAD Data Exchange technology. One is the need for close interaction throughout today’s extended multiCAD enterprises. The other is the increased reliance on digital mockups to permit visualization, design in context, simulation and analysis of large scale assemblies prior to the actual manufacture of the physical product. Ongoing advances in data exchange technology have enabled significant fulfillment of those needs.

The ability to visualize medium if not large scale assemblies was one of the early successes of these CAD translation formats. Hardware improvements and the development of lightweight formats supported larger scale assemblies.

Current advances now allow an “Active Mockup.” This technology allows design in context with simulations such as dynamic clearance analysis and automatic generation of motion envelopes. Active mockups allow the edit of components from directly within the multi-CAD assembly. Multiple level-of-detail displays support interactive performance even in huge assemblies.

CAD to CAM Data Exchange
NC programming typically requires that the geometry received from a CAD system, whether in wireframe, surface, solid or combined formats, be free from any irregularities and inconsistencies that may have occurred in the CAD phase of geometry creation. Data exchange from CAD to CAM must therefore include tools for identifying and repairing those inconsistencies. These tools are typically included in the data exchange software of each CAM solution-set.

In a true PLM environment, CAD to CAM data exchange must provide for more than the transfer of geometry. Product Manufacturing Information, whether generated by the designer for use by manufacturing, or generated by the manufacturing organization for use by design, must be a part of the data exchange system. STEP-NC was designed to carry GD&T and other PMI through CAD and CAM into a CNC.

title: CAD data exchange


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Norwegian Touring Car Championship

The Norwegian Touring Car Championship (or NTCC) was held for three seasons between 2002 and 2004. The series used cars from the British Touring Car Championship and the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (DTM) that were built between 1987 and 1995. The series became inactive when it merged with the Swedish SSK series in 2005.

title: Norwegian Touring Car Championship


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Francesco Camilliani

Francesco Camilliani (1530 Florence – 1586) was a Tuscan sculptor of the Renaissance period. He studied in Florence under Baccio Bandinelli. His son Camillo Camilliani (died 1603) was later a sculptor too, working in Palermo, where he also worked as an architect and held the post as well of ingegniere del Regno, "engineer to the Kingdom of Sicily".

Camilliani was praised in one of Cosimo Bartoli's Ragionamenti Accademici; in the course of a stroll through Florence the interlocutors in Bartoli's dialogue say of one of Camilliani's statues, that, had it been buried and rediscovered, it would have been praised heartily.

Francesco Camilliani's most notable work by far is the Renaissance fountain in the Piazza Pretoria in Palermo, the Fontana Pretoria. This piece was originally commissioned for the garden of the villa outside Florence of Luigi Alvarez de Toledo, son of the viceroy Don Pedro Álvarez de Toledo and brother-in-law of Cosimo I de' Medici; it was completed in 1555. Camilliani was aided in the grand project by the garzoni of his studio, including the Florentine Michelangelo Naccherino (1550–1622), or Vagherino Fiorentino. In its original site, Giorgio Vasari called it a "most stupendous fountain that has not its peer in Florence or perhaps in Italy." Under pressure to make economies in his style of living, and perhaps with reservations about the completed fountain's crowd of ignudi, in January 1573 Don Luigi permitted it to be bought by the Senate of Palermo, through the intervention of his brother Don Garçia, the former viceroy and Governor of Palermo. It was dismantled into six hundred and forty-four pieces and transported to Palermo, and set up there by Camillo Camilliani, who had to concentrate its elements in the more constricted urban space, and to oversee some additions to render it more suitable for Sicily, which included a Venus by Antonio Gagini. Re-erection at Palermo was complete in 1584. The sculpture of the fountain depicts fables, monsters, and nymphs all spraying jets of water, which also falls and cascades between them. Once locally known as the Fontana della Vergogna, the "fountain of shame”, because of the nude statues that stand around the base of each tier, it is one of the few true pieces of High Renaissance art in Palermo.

title: Francesco Camilliani


text: User talk:71.36.85.94

title: User talk:71.36.85.94


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The Associate (1996 film)

The Associate is a 1996 American comedy film directed by Donald Petrie and written by Nick Thiel. It stars Whoopi Goldberg, Dianne Wiest, Eli Wallach, Tim Daly, and Bebe Neuwirth, alongside Austin Pendleton and Lainie Kazan.

Plot
Investment banker Laurel Ayres is a smart and single woman trying to make it up the Wall Street corporate ladder, until one day she finds out that she is being passed over for a promotion because of her gender. Unable to face the fact that her less intelligent male protege, Frank Peterson, has now become her boss, she quits and tries to start up her own company only to find out that the male dominated world of Wall Street is not interested in taking an African American woman seriously, and thus is forced to create a fictional white man, Robert S. Cutty (inspired by a bottle of Cutty Sark) to legitimize her talents and make her professionally relevant in said world.

Ayres does extensive research into the cultural and performative codes of the culture she seeks to impersonate. Ayres' financial wisdom is joined by the intelligent and computer-savvy secretary Sally Dugan, who also was not properly recognized for her talents. Together, they are able to become the most successful independent stockbrokers in the world while helping a struggling high-tech computer company stay afloat.

However, the ruse eventually runs into problems because Cutty is still getting credit for Ayres' great ideas, while competing firms and tabloid journalists are willing to do anything in order to bring the wealthy and elusive Cutty into the public and on their side. Ayres is forced to recruit her best friend (who works at a nightclub as a female impersonator) to craft a disguise, complete with facial prosthetics, so she can appear as "Cutty" and fool the naysayers. When that fails, she and Dugan decide to kill Cutty, but the plan backfires, as they are then charged with his murder. Frank uncovers the ruse and blackmails the two women so he can be Cutty's front man.

The film ends with Ayres donning the Cutty disguise one last time to attend a meeting of an exclusive gentlemen's club to accept Cutty's awards and unmasking herself in order to teach the male-dominated industry the evils of racial and sexual discrimination. Ayres is finally given credit for her work and creates a huge business empire with her friends at the helm. Frank is ridiculed when he attempts to land a job with the business.

Cast

 * Whoopi Goldberg as Laurel Ayres / Mr. Robert S. Cutty
 * Dianne Wiest as Sally Dugan
 * Eli Wallach as Donald Fallon
 * Tim Daly as Frank Peterson
 * Bebe Neuwirth as Camille Scott
 * Austin Pendleton as Aesop Franklin
 * Lainie Kazan as Cindy Mason
 * George N. Martin as Walter Manchester
 * Kenny Kerr as Charlie
 * Lee Wilkof as Bissel
 * Željko Ivanek as SEC Agent Tompkins
 * Colleen Camp Wilson as Detective Jones
 * Jerry Hardin as Harley Mason
 * Allison Janney as Sandy
 * Larry Gilliard Jr. as Thomas
 * Vincent Laresca as José
 * Jonathan Freeman as Hockey game executive
 * John Rothman as Jogging track executive
 * Johnny Miller as himself
 * Sally Jessy Raphael as herself
 * Donald Trump as himself

Development
The film is a remake of René Gainville's 1979 French film of the same name, which, in turn, was based on Jenaro Prieto's 1928 novel The Partner.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack album for The Associate was released on October 15, 1996 by Motown Records. The soundtrack features Queen Latifah, Sophie B. Hawkins, American country singer Wynonna Judd, Canadian-American recording artist Tamia, CeCe Peniston, Kate Pierson and Cindy Wilson (both of The B-52s), Jamaican reggae singer Patra, and Swedish musician Louise Hoffsten.

Box office
The Associate opened theatrically on October 25, 1996 in 1,781 venues and earned $4,261,304 in its opening weekend, ranking sixth in the domestic box office. At the end of its run, the film grossed $12,844,057 domestically.

Critical response
The film received negative reviews from critics. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 28% rating based on 18 critics, with an average rating of 5.2/10.

Peter Stack of the San Francisco Chronicle finds Goldberg "very funny playing out her scheme, which inevitably backfires" and opines that "it's the peripheral characters that give the film its comic momentum".

In contrast, Roger Ebert writing in the Chicago Sun-Times, gave this film two stars, calling it "an uninspired recycling of the Tootsie formula. Though the film "scores some good points against the male-dominated hierarchy of the business world", Ebert is ultimately unconvinced by the Cutty character.

title: The Associate (1996 film)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dat Le

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was SPEEDIED by Doc Glasgow. -Splash talk 23:13, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Dat Le
nn-bio with poor but debatable assertions of notability. I can't tell if this is for a gang member or an online gamer. Also see Marc Ecko (an alias) as part of this AfD; delete both — Lomn | Talk / RfC 16:57, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete both. Considered nn-bio and nonsense. Finally plumped for no context. --GraemeL (talk) 17:32, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy per GraemeL.--Isotope23 20:29, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dat Le


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Vietnam Veterans Against the War

Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) is an American tax-exempt non-profit organization and corporation founded in 1967 to oppose the United States policy and participation in the Vietnam War. VVAW is a national veterans' organization that campaigns for peace, justice, and the rights of all United States military veterans. It publishes a twice-yearly newsletter, The Veteran; this was earlier published more frequently as 1st Casualty (1971–1972) and then as Winter Soldier (1973–1975).

VVAW identifies as anti-war and has roots in the 1960s civil rights movement, though its members are not necessarily pacifists or civil rights activists. Membership has varied greatly, from almost 25,000 veterans during the height of the war to fewer than 2,000 since the late 20th century. The VVAW is widely considered to be among the most influential anti-war organizations of the American Vietnam War era.

March origin
The group originated as a slogan carried by protestors during New York City's 1967 Spring Mobilization march.

On April 15, 1967, the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam staged an improvised anti-war demonstration in New York City titled Spring Mobilization to End the War. The march went from Central Park to the United Nations, with over 400,000 attendees. Speakers included Martin Luther King Jr., Harry Belafonte, James Bevel, and Dr. Benjamin Spock.

During this march, about 20 veterans of the Vietnam War gathered under an impromptu banner reading 'Vietnam Veterans Against the War.' This group included poet and author Jan Barry (a.k.a. Jan Barry Crumb), a West Point dropout who had served in the war as a radio specialist in an Army unit of a fixed-wing supply aircraft.

Founding
On June 1, 1967, six veterans met in Jan Barry's apartment to found a new anti-war organization, "at a time when the mainstream media was wholeheartedly...promoting the war." This group likely comprised 24-year-old Jan Barry, Ron Kovic, Skip Delano, photographer Sheldon Ramsdell, and former Black Panther Al Hubbard (whom Barry described as ). Other early members included David Braum, John Talbot, Art Blank, Steve Greene, Frank "Rocky" Rocks, and Stan Scholl.

The same year, 24-year-old veteran Carl Douglas Rogers held a press conference announcing his opposition to the war. Rogers had been a chaplain's assistant at the 1st Logistical Command at Cam Ranh Bay from 1966 to 1967. Barry telephoned Rogers immediately, after which the two became collaborators and lifelong friends. Barry convinced Rogers to join VVAW, after which Rogers would serve as its vice president. According to Andrew Hunt, Rogers "marched alongside Martin Luther King Jr., appeared on numerous radio and television programs, and became the subject of feature stories in the New York Post, The New York Times, Sunday Times Magazine, Redbook, and Eye".

Soon, the VVAW secured a desk and a telephone in the office of the Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee in New York City.

Also in 1967, the VVAW bought an advertisement in The New York Times,  titled "Viet-Nam Veterans Speak Out". It featured the signatures of 65 veterans. According to Barry, it "shook up [Secretary of Defense] McNamara, who had the signers investigated by the FBI," it "was read into the Congressional Record," and it "spawned similar ads in newspapers across the country," as well as attracting new VVAW members. The 1967 advertisement declared:"We believe that the conflict in which the United States is engaged in Vietnam is wrong, unjustifiable and contrary to the principles on which this country was founded. We join the dissent of the millions of Americans against this war. We support our buddies still in Vietnam. We want them home alive. We want them home now. We want to prevent any other young men from being sent to Vietnam. We want to end the war now. We believe this is the highest form of patriotism."Beginning in 1968, the VVAW protestors would specifically wear military uniforms while denouncing the war. In 1997, Barry stated, "You can imagine the effect this had upon cops and lots of other people. Holy shit! These people are for real—a whole bunch of medals".

Despite its rapid foundation and initial growth, the organization's trajectory was difficult to maintain. This was in part due to the November 1968 election of Richard Nixon, whose presidency "created a discouraging atmosphere for dissent that lasted through most of 1969".

According to VVAW, its founders organized discussions for veterans on readjustment issues in 1970. This was a predecessor to readjustment counselling at modern Vet Centers. The group helped draft legislation for education and job programs, and assisted veterans with post-war health care through the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital system, including assisting victims of Agent Orange and other chemical agents. The VVAW advocated amnesty for war resisters.

Its insignia was designed by Barry, the first president of the organization. Barry appropriated the military insignia of the Military Assistance Command Vietnam, replacing its sword with a helmet and gun. In so doing, Barry "transform[ed] war symbols into peace symbols" similarly to the Veterans for Peace and Donald Duncan.

Its creation coincided with the popularization of the G.I. Underground Press, wherein military personnel circulated publications satirizing and condemning the war.

Membership size
The fluctuating membership size has had varied estimates. The organization remained small until late 1969 when it gained several hundred new members. With the Nixon administration's decision to invade Cambodia and the Kent State shootings in 1970, VVAW's visibility increased, and they attracted new members, increasing from 1,500 to almost 5,000.

Membership passed 8,500 by January 1971, and thousands more flocked to the organization after Playboy Magazine donated a full-page VVAW ad in its February edition. The national televised coverage of VVAW's week-long April 1971 protest in Washington, D.C., and smaller protests in subsequent months brought attention.A Federal Bureau of Investigation informant within the organization noted in March 1971 that membership had grown from 1,500 to over 12,000 in the past four months. An article in Ramparts, that year said VVAW had at that time approximately 11,000 members and employed 26 regional coordinators.

Higher estimates exist, including a claim of 20,000 members for 1971. The organization has claimed a peak membership of over 30,000. Counting non-veteran supporters, VVAW had "roughly 50,000" members.

By 1972, negotiations at the Paris peace talks were in full swing, signaling the beginning of the end of the war, meaning the end of VVAW's primary mission. Membership in the organization declined, and the leadership began to consider broader purposes to support veterans. Membership requirements were relaxed, and political differences arose as new members fought with old about direction. By 1973 VVAW had several thousand members. With internal struggles still threatening the group, 2,000 members demonstrated in Washington, D.C., in July 1974, demanding universal amnesty for draft resisters and deserters, and universal discharge with benefits for all Vietnam veterans.

Historian Andrew E. Hunt concluded, "Detractors have always cited numbers when criticizing VVAW. At the pinnacle of VVAW's success in 1972, membership rolls listed almost 25,000 card carriers, or fewer than 1 percent of all eligible Vietnam era veterans. ... By emphasizing the low percentage of Vietnam veterans who paid dues to VVAW, opponents have sought to dismiss the significance and impact of the organization."

Operation RAW
During the Labor Day weekend of September 4–7, 1970, Operation RAW ("Rapid American Withdrawal") took place. It was a three-day protest march from Morristown, New Jersey, to Valley Forge State Park in Pennsylvania by over 200 veterans. They were joined by members of "Nurses for Peace", MAN - Making a Nation and other peace groups. The march was designed to dramatize a Vietnam-type search and destroy mission as they passed through various towns including Bernardsville, Far Hills, Lamington and Whitehouse Station. Upon entering each town along the march, the group made sweeps, took and interrogated prisoners, seized property and cleared homes with the aid of previously planted "guerrilla theater" actors portraying civilians. The 86-mile-long march culminated in a four-hour mass rally at Valley Forge attended by more than 1,500 people. The honorary commander was retired Army Brigadier General Hugh B. Hester. A partial list of sponsors included United States Senators George McGovern and Edmund Muskie, Rep. John Conyers and Paul O'Dwyer. Sponsors scheduled to speak included Rep. Allard Lowenstein, Bella Absug, Rev. James Bevel, Jane Fonda, Mark Lane, Donald Sutherland and Vietnam Vets Joe Kennedy and John Kerry. Mike Lerner, and Army First Lt. Louis Font also spoke.

Winter Soldier investigation
In January 1971, VVAW sponsored the Winter Soldier Investigation to gather and present testimony from soldiers about war crimes being committed in Southeast Asia; they intended to demonstrate these resulted from American war policies. The event was boycotted by much of the mainstream media, although the Detroit Free Press covered it daily; its journalists began their own investigations to follow the testimony. They found no fraudulent participants or fraudulent testimony.

Veterans applying to participate in the investigation were asked if they had witnessed or participated in any of the following: search and destroy missions, crop destruction, and POW mistreatment.

This event was estimated to have cost the VVAW $50,000–$75,000. Funds were raised by several celebrity peace activists; actress Jane Fonda gained more than $10,000 in donations for this cause from 54 college campuses. Winter Soldier Investigation testimonies were read into the Congressional Record by Senator Mark Hatfield (R-OR). In 1972, VVAW continued antiwar protests, and released Winter Soldier, a 16mm black-and-white documentary film showing participants giving testimony at the 1971 hearing, as well as footage of the Dewey Canyon III week of protest events. This film is on limited distribution and is available on DVD.

Dewey Canyon III – Washington, D.C., April 1971

This peaceful anti-war protest organized by VVAW was named after two short military invasions of Laos by US and South Vietnamese forces. Dubbed "Operation Dewey Canyon III", it took place in Washington, D.C., April 19–23, 1971. Participants said it was "a limited incursion into the country of Congress." This week of protest events gained much greater media publicity and Vietnam veterans participation than earlier events.

Led by Gold Star Mothers (mothers of soldiers killed in war), more than 1,100 veterans marched across the Lincoln Memorial Bridge to the Arlington National Cemetery gate, just beneath the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. Reverend Jackson H. Day, who had a few days earlier resigned his military chaplainship, conducted a memorial service for their fellows. He said:

"Maybe there are some others here like me—who wanted desperately to believe that what we were doing was acceptable, who hung on the words of "revolutionary development" and "winning the hearts and minds of the people." We had been told that on the balance the war was a good thing and we tried to make it a good thing; all of us can tell of somebody who helped out an orphanage, or of men like one sergeant who adopted a crippled Vietnamese child; and even at My Lai the grief of one of the survivors was mixed with bewilderment as he told a reporter, "I just don't understand it ... always before, the Americans brought medicine and candy." I believe there is something in all of us that would wave a flag for the dream of an America that brings medicine and candy, but we are gathered here today, waving no flags, in the ruins of that dream. Some of you saw right away the evil of what was going on; others of us one by one, adding and re-adding the balance sheet of what was happening and what could possibly be accomplished finally saw that no goal could be so laudable, or defense so necessary, as to justify what we have visited upon the people of Indochina."

The gate to the cemetery had been closed and locked upon word of their impending arrival; the Gold Star mothers placed the wreaths outside the gate and departed. The march re-formed and continued to the Capitol, with Congressman Pete McCloskey joining the procession en route. McCloskey and fellow Representatives Bella Abzug, Don Edwards, Shirley Chisholm, Edmund Muskie and Ogden Reid addressed the large crowd and expressed support. VVAW members defied a Justice Department-ordered injunction against camping on the Mall and set up an installation. Later that day, the District Court of Appeals lifted the injunction. Some members visited their Congressmen to lobby against the U.S. participation in the war. The VVAW presented Congress with a 16-point suggested resolution for ending the war. On April 20, 1971, 200 veterans listened to hearings by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on proposals to end the war. Other veterans, still angry at the insult to the Gold Star Mothers when they were refused entry to Arlington National Cemetery the previous day, marched back to the front gate. After initial refusal of entry, the veterans were finally allowed in. Veterans performed guerrilla theater on the Capitol steps, re-enacting combat scenes and search and destroy missions from Vietnam. Later that evening, Democratic Senators Claiborne Pell and Philip Hart held a fund-raising party for the veterans. During the party it was announced that Chief Justice Warren Burger of the United States Supreme Court had reversed the decision of the Court of Appeals and reinstated the injunction. The veterans were given until 4:30 the following afternoon to break camp and leave the National Mall. This was the fastest reversal of an Appeals Court decision in the Supreme Court's history.

On April 21, more than 50 veterans marched to The Pentagon, attempting to surrender as war criminals. A Pentagon spokesman took their names and turned them away. Veterans continued to meet with and lobby their congressional representatives. Senator Ted Kennedy spent the day speaking with the veterans. The guerrilla theater re-enactments were moved to the steps of the Justice Department. Many veterans were prepared to be arrested for camping on the National Mall, but none were, as park police defied orders to make arrests. Headlines the following day read, "Vets Overrule Supreme Court".

On April 22, a large group of veterans demonstrated on the steps of the Supreme Court, saying that the Supreme Court should have ruled on the constitutionality of the war. The veterans sang "God Bless America" and 110 were arrested for disturbing the peace, and were later released. John Kerry, as VVAW spokesman, testified against the war for two hours in front of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee before a packed room. The veterans lobbied all day on Capitol. A Washington District Court judge dissolved his injunction order, rebuking the Justice Department lawyers for requesting the court order and then not enforcing it. Veterans staged a candlelight march around the White House, while carrying a huge American flag upside down in the historic international signal of distress.

On Friday, April 23, more than 800 veterans individually tossed their medals, ribbons, discharge papers, and other war mementos on the steps of the U.S. Capitol, rejecting the Vietnam War and the significance of those awards. Among those that threw medals were Sen. John Kerry. According to internal White House memos between John Dean and Charles Colson, they had no idea how to handle the discarded medals and finally passed them on to the Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Several hearings in Congress were held that week regarding atrocities committed in Vietnam and the U.S. media's inaccurate coverage of the war. There were also hearings on proposals to end the United States' participation in the war. The vets planted a tree on the mall as part of a ceremony symbolizing the veterans' wish to preserve life and the environment.

Senators George McGovern and Mark Hatfield helped arrange at least $50,000 in fundraising for Dewey Canyon III. The VVAW paid $94,000 to advertise this event in the April 11, 1971 New York Times.

Walter Reed Memorial Service
In May 1971, the VVAW and former Army chaplain Reverend Jackson Day conducted a service for veterans at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Patients were brought into the chapel in wheelchairs. The service included time for individual prayers or public confession, and many veterans took the floor to recount things they had done or seen for which they felt guilt or anger. This was the last service performed by Day for nearly two decades.

Operation POW
Operation POW, organized by the VVAW in Massachusetts, expressed the imprisonment of Americans by the war years and honor for American POWs held captive by North Vietnam. Over the 1971 Memorial Day weekend, veterans and supporters marched from Concord, Massachusetts to a rally on Boston Common. They invoked the spirit of the American Revolution by spending successive nights at the sites of the Battle of Lexington and Concord and the Battle of Bunker Hill.

The organizers' request to camp on the historic Lexington, Massachusetts Green was declined by the town. The VVAW and residents who supported them camped there anyway. At 2:30 a.m. on May 30, local and state police awoke and arrested 441 demonstrators for trespassing. They were transported on school buses to spend the rest of the night at the Lexington Public Works Garage. Julian Soshnick, an attorney who represented the Boston Strangler, was among those who volunteered to represent the demonstrators. He worked out a deal with Concord Court Judge John Forte. The protesters later paid a $5 fine each and were released. The mass arrests caused a community backlash and eventually resulted in positive coverage for the VVAW.

Statue of Liberty occupations
On December 26, 1971, fifteen VVAW activists barricaded and occupied the Statue of Liberty for two days to bring attention to their cause. Simultaneous protests took place at other sites across the country, such as the historic Betsy Ross House in Philadelphia (for 45 minutes) and Travis Air Force Base in California (for 12 hours). VVAW members in California also briefly occupied the South Vietnam Government consulate in San Francisco.

In 1976, VVAW members occupied the Statue of Liberty a second time to bring renewed attention to veteran issues.

The War Is Over concert and peace rally
On May 11, 1975, the VVAW staged The War Is Over concert and rally in New York City Central Park's Sheep Meadow. The New York Times reported that the concert had 50,000 attendees, which the VVAW described as "peaceniks" (a play on beatniks).

Performers included Phil Ochs, Joan Baez, Pete Seeger, Tom Paxton, Paul Simon, Patti Smith, Richie Havens, Harry Belafonte and Peter Yarrow. Among its most prominent organizers was VVAW co-founder Carl Douglas Rogers. American photographer Allan Tannenbaum documented the event, and it was broadcast on WBAI.

Kansas City meeting
During a four-day series of meetings in Kansas City, Missouri, on November 12–15, 1971, Scott Camil, a radical VVAW southern coordinator, proposed assassinating the most conservative members of United States Congress, and other powerful opponents of the antiwar movement. According to interviews with VVAW members, Camil suggested "The Phoenix Project", named after the original Phoenix Program, CIA operations during the Vietnam War to assassinate the Viet Cong. Camil's Phoenix Project targeted the Southern senatorial leadership who were backing the war, including John Tower, Strom Thurmond, and John Stennis.

Camil later said:

"I did not think it was terrible at the time. My plan was that, on the last day we would go into the [congressional] offices we would schedule the most hardcore hawks for last—and we would shoot them all. ... I was serious. I felt that I spent two years killing women and children in their own fucking homes. These are the guys that fucking made the policy, and these were the guys that were responsible for it, and these were the guys that were voting to continue the fucking war when the public was against it. I felt that if we really believed in what we were doing, and if we were willing to put our lives on the line for the country over there, we should be willing to put our lives on the line for the country over here."

The plan was voted down, although there's a "difference of opinion" as to how close the vote was. It is not known if John Kerry, a 2004 presidential candidate who was Secretary of State under President Barack Obama, attended this meeting. Kerry's campaign said he was not there and had already resigned from VVAW.

Revolutionary Communist Party involvement
In 1973, after months of heated debate, the VVAW changed its name to VVAW/WSO (Winter Soldier Organization), and opened its membership to non-veterans to increase its base. Members of Bob Avakian's militant Revolutionary Communist Party gained influential positions in the VVAW. This reached its peak in 1975, when the RU-controlled national office voted to remove members, expel chapters and place the organization into ideological uniformity. They later voted to dissolve themselves into the Revolutionary Union.

A reconstituted group of non Marxist members of the Vietnam Veterans Against the War filed and won a lawsuit prohibiting the RU dominated group from using the VVAW name, logos and materials. The RU group organization was renamed Vietnam Veterans Against the War Anti-Imperialist (VVAW-AI). Deep animosity still exists between the two organizations.

VVAW has survived the conflict with RCP and changes after the end of the war. Historian Andrew Hunt said it was "an ineffectual fragment of its former self. ... VVAW never ceased to exist. It split, dwindled, and underwent additional transformation. Yet it did not fold."

Post-Vietnam War activities
By 1973, US combat involvement in Vietnam ended. VVAW changed its emphasis to include advocating amnesty for draft resisters and dissenters. President Jimmy Carter eventually granted amnesty in 1980.

VVAW members also worked to gain veterans' treatment and benefits for major Vietnam-related health conditions, namely, post-traumatic stress disorder and the effects of exposure to Agent Orange.

As early as 1970, VVAW initiated "rap groups" to help veterans readjust: these were venues for veterans to discuss troubling aspects of the war, their disillusionment, and experiences after returning home. They gained the aid of prominent psychiatrists Dr. Robert Jay Lifton and Dr. Chaim F. Shatan to direct their sessions. VVAW's work contributed to "Post-Vietnam Syndrome" being recognized in 1980 as post-traumatic stress disorder by the American Psychiatric Association in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Such discussion groups are often used in the VVAW "rap group" treatment methods are the basis for treating PTSD today.

In 1976 VVAW/WSO made Still At War, a documentary on PTSD (PVS) and conditions at the VA. It includes discussions of the effects of the war on veterans, the impact of military records, Post Vietnam Syndrome and Post Vietnam Struggle. It was made by the Still At War film collective with assistance of The American Federation of Government Employees Local 1061, the American Veterans Movement, and patients of the Long Beach and Brentwood V.A. hospitals.

In 1978 Maude de Victor, a Chicago Veterans Administration caseworker, noticed a pattern in cancers and other illnesses suffered by Vietnam veterans. She linked those illnesses with exposure to herbicides such as Agent Orange, and its dioxin contaminants. VVAW led veterans organizations in the struggle to force the government to test, treat and compensate the victims of those poisons. Congress mandated a study of Agent Orange in 1979.

Veterans separately filed suit against the herbicide manufacturers, Dow Chemical and Monsanto, in 1982. Two years later the companies settled the suit for $180 million to compensate what at that time were more than 200,000 claimants.

Mainstream veterans groups had tended to be suspicious of Vietnam veterans who protested against the war, regarding them as "crybabies and losers" in general. They particularly thought the VVAW members were unpatriotic and anti-American. Vietnam Veterans of America was not founded until 1978 by VVAW member Robert Muller. In 1990 the American Legion and VVA joined the cause of Vietnam veterans, filing suit against the government for having failed to conduct the study ordered by Congress in 1979.

Several VVAW members moved on to prominent positions in society. In 1978 Bobby Muller co-founded the Vietnam Veterans of America. John Kerry was elected as Lt. Governor of Massachusetts in 1982, and as a US Senator in 1984. Ron Kovic wrote his autobiography, Born on the Fourth of July. It was adapted as a 1989 movie and won several Academy Awards.

Reunions are scheduled every five years for members and alumni; the 1992 event attracted hundreds of veterans to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the founding. VVAW continues to organize programs and fundraising events in support of veterans, peace, and social justice."

The 40th anniversary was held in Chicago on August 3-5, 2007.

Documentary films

 * 1972 – Winter Soldier. Documentary directed by the Winterfilm Collective.
 * 1973 – Operation Last Patrol. Directed by Frank Cavestani and Catherine Leroy.
 * 1976 - Still At War. Documentary by the Still At War Film Collective.
 * 2004 – Going Upriver: The Long War of John Kerry. Directed by George Butler.
 * 2005 – Sir! No Sir!. Directed by David Zeiger.

title: Vietnam Veterans Against the War


text:
Naachtun

Naachtun is an archaeological site of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization, situated at the northeastern perimeter of the Mirador Basin region in the southern Maya lowlands, now in the modern-day Department of El Petén, northern Guatemala. Naachtun was a major center of the region by the late Formative (or Pre-Classic) Period, and was one of the few Formative Period Mirador Basin centers which continued to flourish into the succeeding Classic period.

Situated in one of the areas most remote from contemporary settlements, the site was first rediscovered and documented in 1922 by the American archaeologist and Mayanist scholar, Sylvanus Morley. The name Naachtun was given to the site by Morley, taken from a Mayan construction glossed as "distant stones", in recognition of its remoteness. Its ancient name was Masuul, and it was in the middle of the Classic Maya cities. The site is being investigated by the Calgary University, where they have found that the site served as a link between Tikal and Calakmul, that were the superpowers in the Classic, and in constant wars between them, perhaps using Massul as a "Neutral Talk Place". A carved stela with the "Lady of Tikal" has been recently found there.

History
Chronological Sequence of Naachtun During the beginning of the Early Classic period, the establishment of a royal dynasty marked Naachtun's initial sociopolitical and economic development with Tikal. Residential areas reached their maximal occupation during the Late Classic period. Also during the beginning of the Late Classic period, a political shift occurred as Calakmul established their rule on the East Plaza of Group B. Relations with Tikal were cut during this time then re-established during the Maax 3 phase (740-830 CE). By the Terminal Classic, Naachtun suffered a population loss leaving many of the residential structures abandoned. The population that remained settled in the Central and Southern Complexes located in Group B and remained there until the end of the 10th century.

Naachtun's population is believed to have used slash and burn agricultural methods as suggested by the archeological record.

Site description
The site is quite large, with several Pyramid temples and Acropolis, linked with sacbeob, as well as 2 ballcourts. The central area of Naachtun includes a “concentration of monumental buildings placed atop a limestone ridge bordering a seasonal swamp, or bajo, to the north and a series of residential compounds of different sizes and compositions to the south.” The architecture of the monumental core covers approximately .29 km2 of land that is stretched on an east-west axis. The most up to date research indicates that Naachtun started out as a small settlement during the Late Preclassic period, quickly grew during the Early Classic period and remained that way until the Terminal Classic period. The site is divided into three groups: Group A, Group B and Group C. The majority of the structures in Groups C and A were built during the Balam 2 phase (350–500 CE).

Group A
Group A includes three large plazas: the north, south and west plazas, a large E-Group, Structure XXVII (a pyramid), “La Perdida” (another pyramid), and “a walled compound housing several palatial structures.” There is also a ballcourt located next to Structures XIII and XIV.

Group B
Group B contains a maze of masonry residential structures situated on low platforms that surround several patios of different sizes, a Western, Central and Southern Complex, a pyramidal structure known as Structure XXV, Structure XXXVIII (a radial pyramid) and public structures (Structure 60-3 and 60-4), all arranged around two plazas: East Plaza and Plaza Río Bec. The East Plaza was associated with the residences of the elite and was located in the Western Complex.

Group C
Group C contains a group of several pyramidal buildings, a triadic group known as Structure I and a monumental acropolis. Structure I is linked to the ballcourt in Group A by a sacbeob.

Stelae
Archeologists have excavated 45 stelae from Naachtun. One specific stelae-Stela 18- “presents a gigantic women crushing a confined Ox-Te-Tun captive beneath her.” Stelae 18 is located on the terrace in front of Structure XXXVIII in Group B, on the east side of the main plaza. It is dated to the Late Classic period.

title: Naachtun


text:
Joseph Monteith

Joseph Dunsmore Monteith (June 2, 1865 – January 8, 1934) was an Ontario MLA for Perth North from 1923 to 1934. He was treasurer from 1926 to 1930 and Minister of Labour, Public Works and Highways from 1930 to 1934.

Monteith, a physician born near Stratford, was the son of Andrew Monteith. He was educated in Stratford and studied medicine at Trinity College, Toronto. In 1895, he married Alice Mary Chowen. He served as mayor of Stratford from 1917 to 1918. Monteith defeated Francis Wellington Hay to win the seat in the provincial assembly in 1923. He died in office in 1934.

His son Jay Waldo Monteith later became a member of the House of Commons.

title: Joseph Monteith


text:
User:DanielK~enwiki

Greetings from Daniel K.

title: User:DanielK~enwiki


text:
Talk:MacDill Air Force Base

MacDill closed?
Has MacDill AFB ceased operations? I only ask because all the runways are closed on Google Earth (although not on Google maps). Could someone confirm if this is the case, and also why this has happened? bjelleklang 16:55, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Reply: MacDill is open for sure. Also, there was NO SNOW in 2000 anywhere in Florida, certainly not in Tampa.

There was a period of time during the early 2000's that the runways were undergoing a major rehabilitation project and had to be shut down for a short while. Perhaps the Google Earth snapshots were taken during that time. All construction work on the runways have since been completed. Wslupecki 20:01, 19 March 2007 (UTC).

MacDill Lightning: High Voltage!
Spec about where this came from should start with the guy who coined it, who was at the time the wing exec but had previously worked in the 91st ARS. The 91st has used as its call sign BOLT since moving to MacDill in 1996. There's no lightning depicted on current or former squadron patches, and it's tough to imagine the squadron would have picked BOLT based on the Lightning, who sucked until quite recently, rather than picking, say, BUC or something similar (unless that was already registered). In any event, our squadron communications always refer to us collectively as "the Bolts," and I'm fairly sure Mark was coming from that direction when he came up with the slogan. Just a thought. I was laughing when I read this part of the article; I really don't think the wing slogan is particularly encyclopedic, nor the fact that many of the wing's airmen dislike the slogan (which is true enough, though it would have been true of ANY slogan, just as it was true of "World Class", which preceeded it), but what the hell, it's funny.

Rewritten
Updated the article with much more information. Kept the good stuff from the previous version. I'm looking for some SAC photos of MacDill - can't find them yet. might have to take a trip to Maxwell and spend a day there. If I find some I'll add them later...

Bwmoll3 18:28, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Tag & Assess 2008
A very good article spoilt by no refs Jim Sweeney (talk) 10:12, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

HQ?
I see nothing where the USSOCOM is mentioned, even though their HQ is there. Could someone help me with this? Thanks. Riotrocket8676  You gotta problem with that? 21:09, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

Unbalanced?
Is it not a big deal that CENTCOM is based there? I don't know much about the military, but that seems like it would be pretty important. If it is, it should be in the lead and it should be given more than a passing mention in the body, as it is now. Recury (talk) 19:11, 7 May 2010 (UTC)

177th Temporal Recon Unit. 13 October 2028 – present?
What? What exactly is this temporal recon unit?! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.176.221.203 (talk) 01:34, 15 September 2011 (UTC)

Possible copyright problem
This article has been revised as part of a large-scale clean-up project of multiple article copyright infringement. (See the investigation subpage) Earlier text must not be restored, unless it can be verified to be free of infringement. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions must be deleted. Contributors may use sources as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously. Sennecaster ( Chat ) 17:38, 8 July 2023 (UTC)

Inclusion of section about COVID disinformation campaign?
-- Would you please explain how this content does not constitute WP:UNDUE weight, and is not a WP:COATRACK for the article? I'm a little concerned, as you've been spamming this same content across dozens of pages thus far, including going so far as to insert wholly unsupported claims into the article, and immediately accused me of "misunderstanding" a source simply because I reverted your edits. I'm going to ask you to self-revert this inclusion, discuss, and gain consensus before re-inserting. This is the article for MacDill AFB, not for COVID-19, not for US Government psychological operations, etc. The only connection that MacDill has to this particular incident is that it was the location where the operation was conducted from. MacDill has been the home of literally thousands of military operations; the overwhelming majority of which we do not include on this specific article. What in particular makes this one's connection to MacDill noteworthy enough to include? If it's nothing more than "This took place at MacDill", then we should not be including it in this article. As a reminder, undue weight can be given in several ways, including but not limited to the depth of detail, the quantity of text, prominence of placement, the juxtaposition of statements, and the use of imagery. — ⇒   SWAT Jester   Shoot Blues, Tell VileRat! 20:58, 14 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Particularly because no other reliable sources yet seem to also be carrying the story, at best, I could see "In June 2024, Reuters claimed that a secret propaganda operation to disparage China’s vaccine in the developing world was conducted from MacDill AFB." with appropriate refs and wikilinks. Going beyond that is far exceeding the relevancy of the topic to this article. ⇒   SWAT Jester   Shoot Blues, Tell VileRat! 21:06, 14 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I think we are on the right track to working out something we can both accept.
 * "Claimed" is a word to watch, how about "report" or "said" or "wrote"? Also we should include "using fake social media accounts" after AFB so its clear what the MacDill personnel did. And then include a sentence to address the broader usage of MacDill for these purposes (you did not like my attempt to put the Reuters source in less colloquial language, but I am open to other versions. JArthur1984 (talk) 21:11, 14 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Sure, substitute whatever for "Claimed." Any of those suggestions would be fine. Same with "using fake social media accounts" -- that's a helpful clarification. It's not clear what you mean by the broader usage of MacDill though -- could you give an example for that last part? Or are you simply referring to the point that MacDill is the home of clandestine operations for the military? If the latter, I think there's better sources for that and it'd be more appropriate in a separate section of the article (probably under the "Tenant units" section, and perhaps the lede where it talks about JSOC presence) ⇒   SWAT Jester   Shoot Blues, Tell VileRat! 21:23, 14 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I was referring to the 'leading site'/'propaganda factory' part but your organizational point is a good one.
 * I'll re-reword the COVID-19 campaign part as we have discussed here. JArthur1984 (talk) 21:30, 14 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm going to grab some dinner, and come back later tonight and can find a better spot for the broader propaganda part, with some wordsmithing and additional refs.  ⇒   SWAT Jester   Shoot Blues, Tell VileRat! 21:37, 14 June 2024 (UTC)
 * OK added here to the cyberwarfare section, though it's not been quite as easy as I first thought. The challenge is that at least overtly, MacDill *isn't* really the leading propaganda and psyops site in the DoD -- that's Ft. Liberty (formerly Ft. Bragg), where most of the USASOC units (whose headquarters are commonly at MacDill), are actually operationally located. I can't actually find a single other source that makes that claim. Much of what happens out at MacDill is classified, so it's not easy to get good sources that directly support the conclusion that units *located there* are the primary drivers for this in the DoD. Therefore, I've just quoted the Reuters line (with attribution) directly, and added in some additional supporting text and refs to tie it in as best as I can. It's not perfect, but I do think it fits the bill of indicating that more broad propaganda and psyops operations have happened out of MacDill than just the Sinovac one. Personally, I think Reuters got out a bit over their ski's with that line, but they're allowed to get away with more than we can when it comes to sourcing. ⇒  SWAT Jester   Shoot Blues, Tell VileRat! 23:44, 14 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Looks great. Far more comprehensive and better context than my approach. Thank you. JArthur1984 (talk) 23:47, 14 June 2024 (UTC)

 * You'll have to point me to me to what language in WP:UNDUE or WP:COATRACK is at issue based on the slimmed down version. I can understand a position based on the former wording which included details about the contractor, their pay, and the specific types of misinformation spread by the campaign at MacDill.
 * I think you should slow down a bit and read the source before engaging in discussion. You say I've "accused you of 'misunderstanding' a source" but you are demonstrating your continued misunderstanding in the same sentence when you write that a claim is "wholly unsupported." Indeed it is supported in the source: "The facility remains the Pentagon’s clandestine propaganda factory." That strike me as too colloquial to say verbatim, but I invite you to suggest an alternative. We might also attribute that view to Reuters reporting more specifically. JArthur1984 (talk) 21:07, 14 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, you think I am the one who should slow down? I'm not the one who has been inserting original research into articles that have only tangential relevance to the topic. I am going to politely ask that you stop accusing me of "misunderstandings". That's twice now you've done this. Please do not let there be a third time. As such, I'll also ask you to please point to where in the article Reuters makes the claim that this is a "the leading location for Department of Defense clandestine propaganda operations"? The article makes no such claim. It simply says "The facility remains the Pentagon’s clandestine propaganda factory" -- with no statement on whether it's the leading location, the only location, or how much a "factory" is. If it's "too colloquial to say verbatim", then it's too abstract to cite as a fact the way that you did; and adjusting it to say something that it does not actually say constitutes WP:SYNTH. So I certainly would look forward to an apology for your unfounded aspersion that I did not read the source closely enough, given that the claim is in fact unsupported. ⇒   SWAT Jester   Shoot Blues, Tell VileRat! 21:13, 14 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Let's stick to the content issues as if you scroll up, I believe you will see that we are probably close to agreeing how to represent this.
 * I believe "the leading location for Department of Defense clandestine propaganda operations" is not SYNTH but a good way to present MacDill, per Reliable sources/Perennial sources, as "The facility remains the Pentagon’s clandestine propaganda factory." It doesn't have to be my particular language. You could track Reuters's characterization of MacDill more closely and attribute it to the report, for example. I don't have a disagreement with that. JArthur1984 (talk) 21:19, 14 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:MacDill Air Force Base


text: User talk:80.46.206.196

title: User talk:80.46.206.196


text:
User talk:DanielK~enwiki

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title: User talk:DanielK~enwiki