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Monsieur Mallah

Monsieur Mallah is a supervillain in the. He is the gorilla servant of and, in time, the partner to Gorilla Grodd and the Brain, while serving as an enemy of the Doom Patrol, Justice League, and the Teen Titans.

Monsieur Mallah appears in the third season of the HBO Max series Doom Patrol, voiced by Jonathan Lipow.

Publication history
Monsieur Mallah first appeared in Doom Patrol #86 (March 1964) and was created by Arnold Drake and Bruno Premiani.

Origin
A scientist experimented on a captured gorilla from Gorilla City, raising his I.Q. to the genius-level of 178. He named the gorilla Monsieur Mallah and educated him for almost a decade before making him his personal assistant. Ten years ago, I took a superior ape—stronger than any human... more agile than the best athlete! Through secret teaching methods and shock treatments, I gave it an I.Q. of 178! Genius status!
 * The Brain, explaining Mallah's origin in Doom Patrol #86

The scientist's colleague, Niles Caulder, grows jealous of his work and arranges for the scientist to get caught in an explosion, which destroys the scientist's body. Only the brain survives, and Caulder plans on putting his brain in a robot body. Mallah rescues the scientist, taking his brain and transferring it to a computer network that keeps it functioning. Now known simply as the Brain, the scientist and Mallah gather together the criminal organization known as the Brotherhood of Evil in hopes of conquering the world and getting revenge on Caulder.

Caulder, now known as the Chief, through a series of other accidents that he manipulated, forms the superhero group known as the Doom Patrol. Setting out to destroy the Chief's 'pets', the Brain, Mallah, and their Brotherhood become enemies with the Patrol. Their criminal activities also put them into opposition with the Teen Titans.

Doom Patrol
During Grant Morrison's Doom Patrol run, Mallah has the Brain placed in one of Robotman's bodies. In his new body, the Brain confesses to Mallah that he's in love with him. Mallah reveals that he feels the same way, and the two kiss. However, Robotman's body had developed sentience and vowed never to be enslaved by a brain again; when Mallah placed his lover in the body, he triggered a self-destruct mechanism, which explodes as they kiss.

The two later resurface (the Brain back to floating in a jar), with no explanation of how they survived the explosion. The Brotherhood begins raiding genetic research facilities to unlock the secrets of cloning and create a new body for the Brain, so he and Monsieur Mallah can resume their romance. After a short while, the Brain's new clone body begins to break down, so he has Mallah rip off his head and put his brain back into another jar.

In the Salvation Run storyline, the Brain and Monsieur Mallah appear amongst the villains that were sent to the planet Cygnus 4019. The Brain and Mallah arrive at Joker's camp, and Mallah asks Gorilla Grodd to speak with him away from the others. Mallah proposes to Grodd that, as fellow gorillas and the natural kings of the jungle, they should team up and, through their combined might, rule the entire place by themselves. Grodd laughs at Mallah for considering himself, an "absurd science experiment", comparable to "a proud child of Gorilla City". Mallah strikes Grodd and calls him a beast, causing Grodd to fly into a rage and try to kill him. Although Mallah also has a gun and shoots Grodd several times, Grodd still has the upper hand, and is about to kill Mallah when the Brain interjects, pleading for Mallah's life. Thinking better of it, Grodd picks the Brain up and beats Mallah to death with the Brain, smashing the Brain's protective hull in the process and killing him as well. Before breathing his last breath, Monsieur Mallah says he dies happy taking solace in that he and the Brain will finally be able to be together forever.

The New 52
In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In this continuity, Mallah was a gorilla who was experimented on by a New England scientist named Ernst to increase his intellect. He treated Mallah like a friend and an assistant. When an explosion occurred in his lab, Ernst was badly burned and Mallah saved his life by preserving his brain. After becoming distrustful of humans, Brain took Mallah into attacking humans that they blamed for their plight. Then they raided LexCorp where they received a cyber-optic nerve so that Brain can see. During a standoff with the Special Crimes Unit, Maggie Sawyer tried to talk them down and agreed to help them if they surrendered.

In an altered future, Brain and Monsieur Mallah appear assisting Gorilla Grodd in taking over the remains of Central City while The Black had taken over most of the world. They end up capturing Animal Man and the heroes that are with him. Animal Man's group is saved by Frankenstein and his Patchwork Army who defeat most of the gorillas as a few of them are allowed to escape to tell the tale of their defeat.

DC Rebirth
In 2016, DC Comics implemented another relaunch of its books called "DC Rebirth", which restored its continuity to a form much as it was prior to "The New 52". The Brotherhood of Evil worked together on a narcotic element which is then distributed to the addict population of New York City. The designer drug, Bliss, was designed to put people in a fugue state so Brain could use their dormant mental capacity to expand his own intellect to godlike levels.

As his acumen began to reach hyper-genius levels of intellectual capacity, The Brain began to physically transcend his body at varying percentages over time. As his abilities increase, he situated ecological catastrophes as bait to lure his enemies in the Justice League toward various traps while he worked toward achieving transcendent consciousness.

His ascent to godhood also came with the side effect of nullifying his empathy, becoming personally distant from the humanistic coil such as relations and his dearest confidante. To that end, Mallah betrayed Brain to the Titans before he could reshape reality to his own ends, ending the threat he posed for good.

Year of the Villain
During the "Year of the Villain", Joker imprisoned Brain and Monsieur Mallah in an old fairground while The Batman Who Laughs was infecting people. Joker tortured them and left them in Lex Luthor's care in exchange for the knowledge to defeat The Batman Who Laughs.

Powers and abilities
Monsieur Mallah has inhuman strength, durability, speed, agility, reflexes, and intelligence, as well as a keen sense of smell. He usually carries a machine gun or any other firearms with him.

Television

 * Monsieur Mallah appears in Teen Titans, voiced by Glenn Shadix. This version is irritable, overconfident, and typically prefers direct assaults via his brute strength over tactical prowess. He assists the Brotherhood of Evil in their plot to eliminate young heroes around the world, only to be defeated and flash-frozen by the Teen Titans.
 * Monsieur Mallah appears in Batman: The Brave and the Bold, voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson. In the episode "Gorillas in our Midst!", he joins Gorilla Grodd and Gorilla Boss in forming G.A.S.P. (Gorillas and Apes Seizing Power) and replacing Gotham City's citizens with apes, only to be thwarted by Batman, Detective Chimp, B'wana Beast, and Vixen. In the episode "The Last Patrol!", Mallah and the Brain join forces with General Zahl, among other enemies of the Doom Patrol, to seek revenge on them, only to be defeated by Batman once more.
 * Monsieur Mallah appears in Young Justice, voiced by Dee Bradley Baker. This version is a member of the Light in the first two seasons, during which he is eventually captured by the Team, and Task Force X in the third season.
 * Monsieur Mallah appears in the "Doom Patrol" segment of DC Nation Shorts, voiced by David Kaye.
 * Monsieur Mallah appears in Teen Titans Go!, voiced by Fred Tatasciore.
 * Monsieur Mallah appears in Doom Patrol, voiced by Jonathan Lipow. This version is a member of the Brotherhood of Evil. After helping the Brain steal Robotman's body, Mallah leaves the former.
 * Monsieur Mallah appears in My Adventures with Superman, voiced by André Sogliuzzo. This version is a kind-hearted gorilla who was given greater intelligence by the Brain of Project Cadmus.

Video games

 * Monsieur Mallah appears in DC Universe Online, voiced by Leif Anders.
 * Monsieur Mallah appears as a character summon in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure.
 * Monsieur Mallah appears as a playable character in Lego DC Super-Villains, voiced by Peter Jessop.

Miscellaneous

 * Monsieur Mallah appears in Justice League Adventures #6.
 * Monsieur Mallah appears in Justice League Unlimited #31.
 * Monsieur Mallah appears in Smallville Season 11 #9.

title: Monsieur Mallah


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GWR 3100 Class

The Great Western Railway (GWR) 3100 Class was a class of 2-6-2T side tank steam locomotive.

History
This class of large prairie was created in 1938 when Collett rebuilt some of Churchward's  3150 Class with a view to using them as bankers, particularly from Severn Tunnel Junction shed. These engines used the standard class 4 boiler again, but pressed to 225 psi. and using smaller coupled wheels of 5 ft diameter, and 1/2 in increase in cylinder diameter, nominal tractive effort rose to 31,170 lb. Almost impossible to pick out was a 2 in reduction in pony truck wheel diameter to 3 ft. Only five engines were ever modified, namely 3173, 3156, 3181, 3155 and 3179 which were rebuilt as 3100 to 3104 respectively. None of these were preserved.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: GWR 3100 Class


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Telescope (disambiguation)

A telescope is an instrument designed for the observation of remote objects.

Telescope(s) also may refer to:

Music

 * The Telescopes, a British psychedelic band
 * The Telescopes (album)
 * Telescope (album), by Circle, 2007
 * The Telescope (album), by Her Space Holiday, 2006
 * Telescopes (EP), by Waking Ashland, 2006
 * "Telescope" (song), by Hayden Panettiere, 2012
 * "Telescope", a song by Cheryl Cole from A Million Lights, 2012
 * "Telescopes", a song by Reks from Grey Hairs, 2008

Other media

 * Telescope (TV series), a 1963–1973 Canadian documentary program
 * "The Telescope" (BoJack Horseman), a 2014 television episode
 * The Telescope (magazine), an American monthly for amateur astronomers 1931–1941
 * The Telescope (Magritte), a 1963 painting by René Magritte
 * Telescope, a type of dolly zoom film/video shot
 * The Telescope, a 1957 play by R. C. Sherriff

Other uses

 * Telescope (horse) (foaled 2010), an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse
 * Telescopium, "The Telescope", a constellation

title: Telescope (disambiguation)


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User talk:Theyab 07

NS Communities Project...
Would you like to join the Nova Scotia Wikipedia project I am about to start with PlasmaEast? We are planning on launching a NS Community templates for Counties, Towns/Municipalities, and HRM, similar to the template that started appearing this week on county pages Halifax County, Nova Scotia. Also, have a bi-weekly "Nova Scotia Project Page" to focus efforts. Interested?WayeMason 11:37, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Discussion has started on the Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Nova Scotia article, please head over there and watch the project page! WayeMason 00:30, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

Old vs. New Saint John article
Thanks for taking the time to comment on the SJ discussion page. I appreciate that. I don't agree with all you wrote, but... again, thanks. I also wrote a long reply there. If you have time, please take a look. Also, remember, written words don't necessarily reflect the writers intention. I don't intend to come across as an ass, but, what with what I wrote, that could be implied. Again. Thanks for your input. Hope to see you around the article. Or others.

Help with RFQ
Hello fellow WikiProject_Nova_Scotia member. I have recently lodged a Request for Comments on the Talk:Halifax, Nova Scotia page. I and several other editors have had a running dispute with user Lonewolf BC. The RFC is This is a dispute about whether it is accurate to continue to refer to the area of or approximately coinciding with the boundaries of the City of Halifax, which became a part of the rural/urban Halifax Regional Municipality in 1996,  as a city.

Basically, as I say on the RFC, we all agree that this is no longer a City, but to use former City's boundaries when describing the current urban area as a "city" (note the lower case) is at best arbitrary and at worst a fabrication. The city is now a continuous area that wraps the harbour, from Portuguese Cove (outside of the city of Halifax to the west and south) to Cole Harbour (outside of the former City of Dartmouth to the east). People now refer to the entire urban area of Halifax Regional Municipality as 'the city' and 'Halifax'.

Anyway, the bottom line is at least five people have tried to change the wording of the intro since January, and every time this one user changes it back. I have tried to come up with compromise wording, and he won't dialog. Right now wikipedia says HRM and Halifax are the capital of Nova Scotia. This article is now factually incorrect, in my opinion, and I need your help, please chime in. WayeMason 23:04, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

Wikiproject New Brunswick
Hello Ben...I noticed that you are a frequent editor of New Brunswick related pages, even though you reside in NS. Recently there has been a Wikiproject made for NB. Basically it is just a group of people gathered together to help improve NB articles on Wikipedia. If you would like to join just add your name to the list of members at WikiProject New Brunswick. We would love to see ya there! Take care.

Stu pendousmat 19:33, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Fenwick Tower Sunset.jpg
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Disappearance_of_Kimberly_McAndrew
I am writing an article about the Disappearance_of_Kimberly_McAndrew and I would to have your feedback on this article, I feel it is part of our Canadian history of missing person in Nova Scotia. I would like to keep it on Wikipedia.jbignell (talk) 00:19, 21 August 2013 (UTC)

Notification of automated file description generation
Your upload of File:3-Storey Pedway.JPG or contribution to its description is noted, and thanks (even if belatedly) for your contribution. In order to help make better use of the media, an attempt has been made by an automated process to identify and add certain information to the media's description page.

This notification is placed on your talk page because a bot has identified you either as the uploader of the file, or as a contributor to its metadata. It would be appreciated if you could carefully review the information the bot added. To opt out of these notifications, please follow the instructions here. Thanks! Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) 19:53, 5 October 2013 (UTC)

File:Nova Scotia Welcome Center at Dusk.jpg listed for discussion
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File:Downtown Link Map.JPG listed for discussion
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Proposed deletion of Bank of Montreal Building (Halifax, Nova Scotia)

The article Bank of Montreal Building (Halifax, Nova Scotia) has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "not notable"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Chidgk1 (talk) 10:01, 23 March 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Theyab 07


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User:Mikiapole3~enwiki

Hello, I'm from Poland, from Warsaw and I want to learn English writing articles to Wikipedia. I hope I won't do any mistakes.

My edits

de:Benutzer:Mikiapole3 pl:Wikipedysta:Mikiapole3 ru:Участник:Меббеё sq:Përdoruesi:Ngapolonia

title: User:Mikiapole3~enwiki


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Nikos Nikolaidis

Nikos Georgiou Nikolaidis (Νίκος Γεωργίου Νικολαΐδης; 25 October 1939 – 5 September 2007) was a Greek film director, screenwriter, film producer, writer, theatre director, assistant director, record producer, television director, and commercial director. He is usually considered a representative of European avant-garde and experimental art film.

Biography
Nikolaidis was born on 25 October 1939 in Athens, Greece, where he lived and worked all his life. He was also the scriptwriter and producer of the movies which he directed and would occasionally, as in the case of the 1965 Orestis Laskos film Praktores 005 enantion Hrysopodarou, write screenplays for other directors. For much of his life he worked in advertising and he managed to direct two hundred television advertisements within twenty years. He studied filmmaking at the Hellenic Cinema and Television School Stavrakos and acquired scenic design skills at the Vakalo College of Art and Design, a highly regarded specialized private art school, both located in Athens, Greece. In 1960 he began to work as a first assistant director for Vasilis Georgiadis and in 1962 he directed his first short film Lacrimae Rerum. His directorial feature-length debut was Euridice BA 2037 which premiered at the Thessaloniki Festival of Greek Cinema on 29 September 1975 where it won the Best Director Award, the Greek National Ministry of Culture Award, and the Athens Film Critics Association Best Picture Award. Despite a lukewarm reaction by viewers, critics appreciated the innovative perspective on the classic Greek tragedy of Orpheus and Eurydice and noted the originality of Nikolaidis' artistic techniques. Nikolaidis himself believed Euridice BA 2037 to be his best film.

For his next picture, The Wretches Are Still Singing (1979), the director studied the transformation of social values using the example of a group of five friends who meet after a long separation and share with each other the details of their difficult lives. The film became the symbol of the 1950s generation and reflected his personal views on the problem of alienation in the modern world. The film was shot in a surreal way with a predilection for the aesthetics of the Marquis de Sade. In it, for the first time in Nikolaidis' filmography, one can see the characteristic elements of film noir which became part and parcel of Nikolaidis' unique approach in the majority of the films that followed. Today he is probably best known for his 1990 magnum opus Singapore Sling, a bizarre mix of film noir and horror with sex being used as a power game. Despite his long career as a film director in his home country which stretches to the early 1960s he was almost entirely unknown outside Greece before the early 1990s and is still less known outside it and it was only with this film, which has immediately achieved cult status, that international fame came to him. From his cinematic works, he further directed Sweet Bunch (1983), Morning Patrol (1987), See You in Hell, My Darling (1999), and The Loser Takes It All (2002). He also published a collection of short stories and wrote three novels, including The Angry Balkan (1977) which has been reprinted many times in Greece. In addition to his career as a filmmaker, theatre director, and writer, Nikolaidis also worked at a recording studio.

His films have often divided viewers and critics alike. Due to his methods of filmmaking, screenwriting, et cetera, as well as the themes his films usually deal with, being in stark contrast to standard mainstream ones, his films have received very little publicity though some, especially his lesser known ones, became cult films, both inside and outside Greece. The characters in his films are usually people constrained by limitations or found in absurd and extreme situations while playing with their fate. The themes that one often encounters in his films include the 1950s and film noir, the relationship between sex and death, companionship and love, as well as the struggle against all sorts of powers and ghosts from the past. Nikolaidis filmed much of his work in black and white, a few of his films contained a certain similarity to so-called "trash films," and he categorized the majority of his films into trilogies. As an example of the last tendency, the "Years of Cholera" trilogy which deals with the last decades of the twentieth century begins with The Wretches Are Still Singing (1979), continues with Sweet Bunch (1983), and ends with The Loser Takes It All (2002).

In November 2005, after the completion of his last film The Zero Years, a tale of perversion and sexual dominance which failed to replicate the earlier success of Singapore Sling (1990), Nikolaidis declared his intention to stop making movies in order to deal with music.

From 1970 on, he lived with Marie-Louise Bartholomew with whom he had two children. She was also either the producer or at least involved in the production of all his eight feature films and two hundred advertisements.

He died on 5 September 2007, aged 67, of pulmonary edema in Athens, Greece. The Thessaloniki International Film Festival held a retrospective in his honor during its tribute program in November 2007 and the Greek Film Archive paid tribute to him between 26 May and 1 June 2011 by projecting his eight feature films. To this day he remains the only Greek filmmaker who was ever awarded the Best Director Award at the Thessaloniki Festival of Greek Cinema or at the Thessaloniki International Film Festival's Greek State Film Awards five times.

Legacy
The work of Nikos Nikolaidis has had a significant influence on the subsequent generation of Greek filmmakers some of which were inspired by the stylistics of his films and the unusual artistic images containing complex allegories and symbols. His films' protagonists are usually outcasts and nonconformists or the cynics and the marginalized people of society with mental and sexual disorders. The main feature of Nikolaidis' directorial approach was the predominance of form over content. At home, he was seen as an innovator looking for unusual ways to use film language, as well as someone who created a unique aesthetic combining beauty and ugliness. Abroad, Nikolaidis earned a reputation as an eccentric and controversial director. His influence extends abroad too. Ihor Podolchak's 2013 film Delirium was compared by Ukrainian film critics to the works of Nikolaidis after its prerelease screenings.

Filmography

 * Lacrimae Rerum (Latin: Tears of Things) (1962, Short Film)
 * Anev Oron (Άνευ Όρων – Unconditionally) (1968, Short Film)
 * Euridice BA 2037 (Ευριδίκη ΒΑ 2037) (1975, Feature Film)
 * Ta Kourelia Tragoudane Akoma... (Τα Κουρέλια Τραγουδάνε Ακόμα... – The Wretches Are Still Singing) (1979, Feature Film)
 * Glykia Symmoria (Γλυκιά Συμμορία – Sweet Bunch) (1983, Feature Film)
 * Proini Peripolos (Πρωϊνή Περίπολος – Morning Patrol) (1987, Feature Film)
 * Singapore Sling: O Anthropos pou Agapise ena Ptoma (Singapore Sling: Ο Άνθρωπος που Αγάπησε ένα Πτώμα – Singapore Sling) (1990, Feature Film)
 * To koritsi me tis valitses (Το κορίτσι με τις βαλίτσες – Girl with Suitcases) (1994, Television Film)
 * Nikolaidis used to characterize this television film as "a mistake" for the following reason: "Mistakes are like failed love affairs – you reminisce about them, tortured by the fact that they were never fulfilled, but you wouldn't ever wish to relive them again... Bearing the reality, that the televised screening of this 'mistake' movie, received a viewing of 57.6%, only proves how big my mistake was."

 * Tha se Do stin Kolasi Agapi mou (Θα σε Δω στην Κόλαση Αγάπη μου – See You in Hell, My Darling) (1999, Feature Film)
 * O chamenos ta pairnei ola (Ο χαμένος τα παίρνει όλα – The Loser Takes It All) (2002, Feature Film)
 * The Zero Years (2005, Feature Film)

Posthumous

 * Mia stekia sto mati tou Montezouma: Mythistorima (Μιά στεκιά στό μάτι τού Μοντεζούμα: Μυθιστόρημα – A Hit in the Eye of Montezuma: A Novel) (New York City: Greek Works, 2008, ISBN 0974766097)

Awards

 * Best Director Award, Greek National Ministry of Culture Award, Athens Film Critics Association Best Picture Award, Thessaloniki Festival of Greek Cinema, September 1975 (Euridice BA 2037)
 * Best Director Award, Athens Film Critics Association Best Picture Award, Thessaloniki Festival of Greek Cinema, September 1979 (The Wretches Are Still Singing)
 * Athens Film Critics Association Best Picture Award, Thessaloniki Festival of Greek Cinema, October 1983 (Sweet Bunch)
 * Best Director Award, Greek National Ministry of Culture Award, Thessaloniki Festival of Greek Cinema, October 1987 (Morning Patrol)
 * Best Director Award, Best Quality Film Award, Thessaloniki Festival of Greek Cinema, October 1990 (Singapore Sling)
 * Best Director Award, Thessaloniki International Film Festival's Greek State Film Awards, November 2002 (The Loser Takes It All)

title: Nikos Nikolaidis


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cold War 2

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 05:46, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Cold War 2
Delete Original research (if even that and not just some non-notable editorial). PhilipO 21:05, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment. The current article is exactly as PhilipO describes it, but I'm not sure that no article could be used here. "Cold War 2" and "Cold War II" have both been quite often used in two ways that I know of. The first is to talk about the Cold War during the Reagan years (that is, it is used to periodize the Cold War into Cold War, Detente, Cold War II) (Paul Edward's book The Closed World from MIT Press does this quite a lot). The second use is somewhat as the original author implies — as a way of saying that the war on terror is the second Cold War. I think an article with this title could be made into something encyclopedic if it was about these two terms and what they are trying to imply in terms of periodization and history (along the lines, perhaps, of World War III), but the current text of the article is worth deleting. Just my two cents. --Fastfission 21:16, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Excellent points by Fastfission -- agree that the current content should be Deleted unless rewritten along the lines presented above. Christopher Parham (talk) 22:08, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This thing should have "ORIGINAL RESEARCH" stamped in bright red letters over it. If someone, if possible, wants to write a verifiable and sourced distillation of this phrase being actually used, let them do so after the rubble of this article has been cleared away. --Calton | Talk 00:37, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete OR --Rogerd 03:59, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Better covered by war on terror, and economic articles or india/china, and mil articles on china. Zotel - the Stub Maker 01:52, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Just speculation. --SuperDude 19:32, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Kodak Ultima

Kodak Ultima is a brand of photo paper for inkjet printers sold by Eastman Kodak.

Paper longevity testing
Kodak claims that Ultima picture paper had been tested to last 162 years. This was disputed by Wilhelm Imaging Research, who claimed that it only lasted about ten years. Kodak bases its estimates on typical home light levels of 120 lux for a 12-hour day, a figure based on over 150,000 measurements in consumer homes around the world and verified in the fading of actual display prints. The studies, spanning 18 years, were presented at IS&T's Thirteenth International Symposium on Photofinishing Technologies (IS&T, February 2004, Volume 13). In addition, the 120 lux level has been used by photographic companies for decades. Wilhelm Imaging Research has used a 450 lux level, which is often cited as an ideal viewing condition, but is not typical of a home environment.

There are other environmental degradation factors that need to be considered when assessing the print life of papers, including heat, humidity and airborne pollutants, in addition to light. Ignoring any of these or overestimating light alone is risky and has led to embarrassing over-predictions of print lifetime, such as that seen in the rapid degradation of some early ink jet prints due to atmospheric contaminants. However, no inkjet company (until recently) has made any claims about gas-fastness, only about light-fastness, even though many consumers display inkjet prints without the protection of glass (Wilhelm Imaging Research does its light-fastness tests under glass). Recently inkjet companies like Canon and Epson have been careful to point out that their criteria are on light-fastness and are very specific that they don't guarantee gas-fastness of their papers and inks.

Limiting to light-fastness ratings also ignores the fact that more than 90 per cent of consumer photographs are not displayed, but rather stored in albums or shoeboxes, where thermal degradation, particularly thermal yellowing, can be the dominant factor. It is for these reasons that Kodak has long embraced a holistic, multi-factor approach to predicting the lifetime of prints.

When Henry Wilhelm claimed that Kodak's Ultima paper failed meet its 100-year lifetime with some inkjet inks, Kodak clarified their statement that "Kodak's new Ultima Picture Paper with ColorLast technology is a significant advancement in picture longevity, with over 100-year degradation resistance when used with state-of-the-art inks. These state-of-the-art inks are widely available in current consumer photo-quality printers."

title: Kodak Ultima


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Wikipedia:Wikipediology/library/wikibio

Wikibio is a project of the Institute of Wikipediology, that creates NPOV non-user page sources of information about Wikipedians' activities, history, and wikibeliefs.

Please keep in mind:
 * Wikibios are voluntary on the part of the subject. Please do not create a wikibio without its subject's participation or consent; if you do so, it will be deleted.
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Wikibios
This list is not complete, please expand it (or alphabetize it if you are exceptionally brave).

Permission granted
Please add to the user page of the subject of a wikibio.
 * Andrevan - I have created it, but I'm not interested in writing it all myself.
 * BD2412 - I suppose there's a story somewhere among those 50,000 edits.
 * Can't sleep, clown will eat me - Sure, why not. 8-)
 * Celestianpower - Thanks those who created
 * ClockworkSoul - Go for it. You can ask me anything you like, but I don't have the mental/emotional/physical/temporal resources to write it myself.
 * Drini Go ahead, I fullfill a few —not necessarily all— of inclusion criteria.
 * Flcelloguy - Umm... why not? I'd rather not write it myself, though, as that would be inherently POV. :-)
 * freakofnurture - ok.
 * Grunt - well, if you think I'm that important...:) -- Grunt 17:26, 18 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Guanaco
 * Hephaestos - no contributions from me obviously ;)
 * Ingoolemo: If y'all write it, I'll feel really important. :)
 * Jaranda - Why not, I recently passed the 5000 edit mark :)
 * JCarriker NPOVing, expansion, source
 * {{User:otcnews/wikibios|L. Edward Bache, Sr.,]] created
 * Jmabel created
 * Jobe6 Go ahead if you really want to.
 * Johnleemk Sure, sounds like a great idea. My userpage and User:Johnleemk/Bio can help if anyone's actually interested in this.
 * KnowledgeOfSelf Sure couldn't hurt, just be nice!
 * Linuxbeak Sure, why the heck not.
 * llywrch I hope this scavanger hunt doesn't prove that my credit report is findable thru a Google search.
 * MacGyverMagic - I'm not sure why anyone would wanna read it, but if someone's up for creating it, I have no objections.
 * Merovingian - Why not? {{mono|1=:D}}
 * Messedrocker - feel free to write one on myself -- I want to see what a biography of myself not written by me would look like.
 * NerdyNSK - NerdyNSK 20:52, 10 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Nightstallion – Sure, if you find something you think you could write about... shrugs
 * Pureblade - I suppose, if you can find anything to write about.
 * Redwolf24 - no problem, but I'd prefer to not write it on myself! ;-)
 * Schuminweb - Go for it!
 * Spangineer - if you build it, will they come?
 * Terence Ong - Feel free to write a Wikibio about me. I hope I qualify for it though. :D
 * Titoxd - go ahead, I just don't want to do it myself because it borders on WP:VAIN. ;)
 * the wub - if you feel like writing some nn editor cruft, be my guest
 * Zscout370 - Go right ahead, this could be fun. User:Zscout370 {{sup|(Return Fire)}} 03:32, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Geraldshields11

Permission needed

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Permission denied or creation unlikely

 * Isis- while Isis played a unique role in the history and evolution of the Wikipedia community, given the circumstances of her departure it is most likely impossible that a wikibio could be written on her.
 * Essjay - Please leave the redirect to my userpage; the bio is hopelessly out of date and rather embarrassing.

Could not be contacted

 * MyRedDice

title: Wikipedia:Wikipediology/library/wikibio


text:
Talk:Miskolc

 * I'm already spending half of my wikitime doing that :) I might as well join this project. Alensha 19:31, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Greeks
From where Greeks in Miskolc come from? Are they exiled Greek comunists and their children? Could somebody explain me that. Thank you! Luka Jačov 21:06, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

As far as I know, most of the Greeks living here today are the exiled and their descendants, but Greeks have a much longer history in Miskolc. I've seen memorial plates on old houses that "this house was built by XY Greek merchant in the 18th century". They even built nice churches here, including this one (picture: ). According to this site Greek presence in Hungary dates back to the Middle Ages. After the Ottomans occupied Constantinople in 1453, lots of Greek refugees arrived in Hungary. In the following centuries most of the Greeks of Miskolc worked as merchants and played an important part in wine trade. By the 1840s the majority of them were assimilated.

After the Civil War about 7-9000 exiled Greek communists arrived in Hungary, 250-300 of them settled down in Miskolc and Ózd, but several others might have arrived here in the following years, since these cities were industrial centres and could provide lots of jobs. Miskolc had the 3rd largest Greek population after Budapest, and Beloiannisz (a village that was founded and inhabited entirely by Greek refugees). Most of them became industrial workers.

—Alensha 18:20, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Socialist era
As far as I know, we refer to this in English as the "communist era". Socialist will be misunderstood for socially sensitive or sg like that. Go Miskolc! --Jegesbubu 00:56, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't really know... After all, there has never been a communist state as far as I know. Alensha 00:36, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

0.5 nominee
This article was a Wikipedia 0.5 nominee, but I failed it as it has no references, and most of the article is either one sentence paragraphs or lists. Thanks Jaranda wat's sup 01:44, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Coat of Arms vs. Seal
Dear All, This article contains the city's coat of arms as it's seal. That is actually not correct. Could somebody re-work the article, using a more appropriate toolbox, one that actually uses the word "coat of arms" instead of the incorrect "seal". Wikipedia is a global project and ought to be disamericanised. George Adam Horváth 21:57, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Flag of Miskolc.gif
Image:Flag of Miskolc.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 09:50, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Miskolc


text:
GWR 3150 Class

The Great Western Railway (GWR) 3150 Class was a class of 2-6-2T side tank steam locomotive.

History
Churchward based the 3150 class on his 3100 (later 5100) class. They used the larger and heavier Standard 4 boiler and so had greater boiler capacity, but were consequently heavier and thus restricted to Red routes. They were principally heavy suburban passenger traffic engines. Five of the class were rebuilt into the Collett 3100 Class. None of the class were preserved.

title: GWR 3150 Class


text:
Weak ontology

In computer science, a weak ontology is an ontology that is not sufficiently rigorous to allow software to infer new facts without intervention by humans (the end users of the software system). In other words, it does not contain sufficient literal information.

By this standard – which evolved as artificial intelligence methods became more sophisticated, and computers were used to model high human impact decisions – most databases use weak ontologies.

A weak ontology is adequate for many purposes, including education, where one teaches a set of distinctions and tries to induce the power to make those distinctions in the student. Stronger ontologies only tend to evolve as the weaker ones prove deficient. This phenomenon of ontology becoming stronger over time parallels observations in folk taxonomy about taxonomy: as a society practices more labour specialization, it tends to become intolerant of confusions and mixed metaphors, and sorts them into formal professions or practices. Ultimately, these are expected to reason about them in common, with mathematics, especially statistics and logic, as the common ground.

On the World Wide Web, folksonomy in the form of tag schemas and typed links has tended to evolve slowly in a variety of forums, and then be standardized in such schemes as microformats as more and more forums agree. These weak ontology constructs only become strong in response to growing demands for a more powerful form of search engine than is possible with keywording.

title: Weak ontology


text:
Trichonephila inaurata

Trichonephila inaurata, synonym Nephila inaurata, commonly known as the red-legged golden orb-weaver spider or red-legged nephila, is a species of spider of the genus Trichonephila. It is native to southern and East Africa, as well as several islands of the western Indian Ocean (Madagascar, the Seychelles, Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues).

Web spinning and structure
Trichonephila spiders produce large asymmetric orb webs up to 1.5 m in diameter. Trichonephila species remain in their webs permanently, so have a higher predation risk. The golden silk orb-weaver is named for the yellow color of the spider silk used to construct these webs.

Yellow threads of their web shine like gold in sunlight. Carotenoids are the main contributors to this yellow color, but xanthurenic acid, two quinones, and an unknown compound may also aid in the color. Experimental evidence suggests that the silk's color may serve a dual purpose: sunlit webs ensnare bees that are attracted to the bright yellow strands, whereas in shady spots, the yellow blends in with background foliage to act as a camouflage. The spider is able to adjust pigment intensity relative to background light levels and color; the range of spectral reflectance is specifically adapted to insect vision.

The webs of most Trichonephila spiders are complex, with a fine-meshed orb suspended in a maze of non-sticky barrier webs. As with many weavers of sticky spirals, the orb is renewed regularly if not daily, apparently because the stickiness of the orb declines with age. When weather is good (and no rain has damaged the orb web), subadults and adults often rebuild only a portion of the web. The spider removes and consumes the portion to be replaced, builds new radial elements, then spins the new spirals. This partial orb renewal is distinct from other orb-weaving spiders that usually replace the entire orb web. The web of Nephila antipodiana contains ant-repellent chemicals to protect the web.

Typically, the golden orb-weaver first weaves a nonsticky spiral with space for two to 20 more spirals in between (the density of sticky spiral strands decreases with increasing spider size). When she has completed the coarse weaving, she returns and fills in the gaps. Whereas most orb-weaving spiders remove the nonsticky spiral when spinning the sticky spiral, Trichonephila spiders leave it. This produces a "manuscript paper" effect when the orb is seen in the sun: groups of sticky spirals reflecting light with "gaps" where the nonsticky spiral does not reflect the light.

In relation to the ground, the webs of adults may be woven from eye-level upwards high into the tree canopy. The orb web is usually truncated by a top horizontal support strand, giving it an incomplete look.

Adjacent to one face of the main orb, a rather extensive and haphazard-looking network of guard-strands may be suspended a few cm distant across a free space. This network is often decorated with a lumpy string or two of plant detritus and insect carcasses clumped with silk. This "barrier web" may function as a kind of early-warning system for incoming prey or against spider-hunting predators, or as a shield against windblown leaves; it may also be remnants of the owner's previous web. At least one reference explains the suspended debris-chain as a cue for birds to avoid blundering into and destroying the web.

Habits
Like other spiders in the subfamily Nephilinae, it can weave webs so strong that sometimes even birds and bats get caught. Its webs can be found in damp places such as large trees and unpolluted areas to which no cars have access; normally several are strung together to form enormous "homes" so as to cover as much surface area as possible.

Prey
This species feeds on flies, mosquitoes, moths, wasps and beetles who happen to get tangled up.

Subspecies
In addition to the nominate subspecies (T. i. inaurata) of Mauritius and Réunion, a second subspecies is currently recognized: T. i. madagascariensis (Vinson, 1863), which occurs from South Africa to the Seychelles.

Captive breeding
This species is commonly kept in captivity. Egg sacs the size of a small marble are made of thick silk and contain 100-200 eggs which hatch after two months. They start out with a 2mm leg span and grow rapidly. Males mature in one to two months depending on the form. A small percentage of males mature early and resemble a small, black crab spider with only an 8-10mm leg span. Most males mature later and resemble the form of the female but have very little color and only a 25-30mm leg span. Females mature in four months with an approximate 100mm leg span.

title: Trichonephila inaurata


text:
Bal Gandharva

Narayan Shripad Rajhans, popularly known as Bal Gandharva, (26 June 1888 – 15 July 1967) was a famous Marathi singer and stage actor. He was known for his roles as female characters in Marathi plays, since women were not allowed to act on stage during his time.

Bal Gandharva got his name after a singing performance in Pune. Lokmanya Tilak, a social reformer and a freedom fighter of the Indian independence movement was in the audience, and after the performance, reportedly patted Rajhans on the back and said that Narayan was a "Bal Gandharva" (lit. Young Gandharva).

Personal life
Narayan Shripad Rajhans was born into a Deshastha Brahmin family to Shripad Rajhans and his wife Annapurnabai Rajhans. He was born in the Nagthane village of Palus taluka of Sangli district in what is now the state of Maharashtra.

Bal Gandharva married twice. At a very young age, he was married to Lakshmibai, a lady from his own Deshastha Brahmin community and hailing from a respectable family with similar background, in a match arranged by their parents in the usual Indian tradition. The marriage, which was entirely harmonious and conventional, lasted until the death of Lakshmibai in 1940, after more than thirty-five years of marriage. Eleven years later, in 1951, Bal Gandharva married Gauharbai Karnataki (perhaps better known simply as Gohar Bai, and not to be confused with Gauhar Jaan Indian dancer from Kolkata), sister of the famous singer-actress Amirbai Karnataki. Gauharbai hailed from a family full of singers and dancers, and was a Muslim. She had made a career for herself as a stage actress with help of singing skills, and had worked with Narayanraao in theatrical productions, which is how they had fallen in love with each other. The marriage of a woman of her background and religion with a Brahmin gentleman was deeply unacceptable in society. Gauharbai was never received into polite society or acknowledged by any member of Narayanrao's family. The marriage remained childless, and Goharbai died in the year of 1964, three years before when Bal Gandharva died.

Theatre career
Narayan Rajhans was born into an ordinary family. He started his singing career at a very young age singing bhajans. Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur noticed his talent and was important in getting young Narayanrao's theatre career off the ground. Shahu Maharaj helped him get treatment for his hearing problems at Miraj Hospital. Shahu Maharaj also introduced him to Kirloskar Mandali, the premier Marathi Musical theatre company of that era. He started his career with Kirloskar Natak Mandali in 1905. The company was run by Mujumdar and Nanasaheb Joglekar. After Joglekar's death in 1911, there was discontent surrounding Mujumdar's dictatorial and manipulative style. Bal Gandharva, Ganesh Govind ('Ganpatrao') Bodas and Govindrao Tembe left the company in 1913 to form Gandharva Sangeet Mandali. Bal Gandharva became the sole owner of the debt ridden company in 1921. The debt was paid off in seven years' time. However, Narayanrao, dissolved the company when it again accumulated debt over the next 6–7 years. Bal Gandharva signed a contract with Prabhat Film Company to make six films. However, the contract came to an end after just one film Dharmatma (1935). The film was a major departure for Bal Gandharva in the sense that he played the main role of Sant Eknath.

Bal Gandharva revived his drama company in 1937. With Narayanrao increasingly ill at ease in female roles owing to his advancing years, the company looked for an actress to play female roles and found Gohar Karnataki in April 1938. Bal Gandharva soon formed an intimate relationship with Gohar Karnataki, also known as Gauhar Bai, that scandalized traditional Maharashtrian society at that time. His brother Bapurao Rajhans left the company to protest against Gohar's entry in Gandharva Sangeet Mandali and Bal Gandharva's life, when it became clear that Gohar would have a major say in the company's stewardship.

Bal Gandharva acted in 27 classic Marathi plays and played a big part in making Sangeet Natak (musicals) and Natya Sangeet (the music in those musicals) popular among common masses. He was a disciple of Bhaskarbuwa Bakhale. Bakhale scored music for his drama Swayamwar. Govindrao Tembe scored music for Manapman. In later years, Bal Gandharva's composer of choice was Master Krishnarao (Krishnarao Phulambrikar).

The songs rendered by him are regarded as classics of Marathi Natya Sangeet and his singing style is greatly appreciated by Marathi critics and audiences. The Marathi stage was facing difficult times after the death of Bhaurao Kolhatkar in 1901. Bal Gandharva revived it. His famous contemporaries include Keshavrao Bhosale (known as "Sangeet-Surya") and Deenanath Mangeshkar.

He acted in plays written by Annasaheb Kirloskar, Govind Ballal Deval, Shripad Krushna Kolhatkar, Krushnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar, Ram Ganesh Gadkari, Vasant Shantaram Desai.

Bal Gandharva died on 15 July 1967.

Legacy

 * Bal Gandharva Ranga Mandir, a theatre auditorium in the city of Pune was named in his honour. It was built by Pune Corporation in 1968 with the initiative of the famous Marathi author and Balgandharva's fan, P. L. Deshpande {Purushottam Laxman Deshpande}. It was inaugurated by Acharya Pralhad Keshav Atre. Balgandharva's very own hands contributed to the foundation of this play theatre, while he was alive.
 * The movie Balgandharva portraying the life-journey of Balgandharva was released by Chandrakant Productions in May 2011.

Roles
His famous roles include :
 * Bhamini in Manapman(1911)
 * Rukmini in Swayamwar(1916)
 * Sindhu in Ekach Pyala(1920)
 * Sharada in Sangeet Sharada(1909)
 * Vasantsena in Mruchchakatika

Awards

 * In 1955, Bal Gandharva received the coveted "President's Award", now known as the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, the highest musical honour in India from the then President of India.
 * In 1964, Bal Gandharva received The Padma Bhushan Award, the third highest civilian award in the Republic of India.

Biography

 * Bal Gandharva: the nonpareil thespian Author- Mohan Nadkarni, Publisher-National Book Trust, 2002, Length – 77 pages
 * Balgandharva and the Marathi theatre Author- Dnyaneshwar Nadkarni, Publisher- Roopak Books, 1988, Length- 159 pages
 * Asa Balgandharva Author- Abhiram Bhadkamkar, publisher- Rajhans Prakashan, 2011, length- 416 pages

Also read

 * Sangeet Natak
 * Natya Sangeet
 * Balgandharva Film

title: Bal Gandharva


text:
Meinier

Meinier is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.

History
Meinier is first mentioned in 1153 as de maniaco. Around 1344 it was mentioned as Meignier.

Geography
Meinier has an area,, of 6.96 km2. Of this area, 5.6 km2 or 80.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.23 km2 or 3.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.03 km2 or 14.8% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.03 km2 or 0.4% is either rivers or lakes and 0.08 km2 or 1.1% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 6.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 5.3%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 1.9%. Out of the forested land, 1.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 57.8% is used for growing crops and 5.7% is pastures, while 17.0% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is in lakes.

The municipality is located on the left bank of Lake Geneva. It consists of the hamlets of Meinier, Carre d'Amont, Carre d'Aval (Le Carre), Compois, Essert and Corsinge. The municipality of Meinier consists of the sub-sections or villages of Meinier - Pallanterie, Meinier - Essert, Meinier - village, Covéry, Corsinge, Compois, Carre-d'Aval and Carre-d'Amont.

Demographics
Meinier has a population of. , 18.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 8.6%. It has changed at a rate of 1.5% due to migration and at a rate of 6.2% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population speaks French (1,461 or 86.1%), with English being second most common (68 or 4.0%) and German being third (62 or 3.7%). There are 24 people who speak Italian and 2 people who speak Romansh.

, the gender distribution of the population was 48.2% male and 51.8% female. The population was made up of 726 Swiss men (38.7% of the population) and 178 (9.5%) non-Swiss men. There were 781 Swiss women (41.7%) and 189 (10.1%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 425 or about 25.1% were born in Meinier and lived there in 2000. There were 490 or 28.9% who were born in the same canton, while 282 or 16.6% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 440 or 25.9% were born outside of Switzerland.

In there were 14 live births to Swiss citizens and 1 birth to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 6 deaths of Swiss citizens. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 8 while the foreign population increased by 1. There were 7 Swiss men and 4 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 3 non-Swiss men and 3 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 9 and the non-Swiss population increased by 17 people. This represents a population growth rate of 0.4%.

The age distribution of the population is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 25.5% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 62.5% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 12%.

, there were 683 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 827 married individuals, 69 widows or widowers and 117 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 691 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household. There were 217 households that consist of only one person and 58 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 714 households that answered this question, 30.4% were households made up of just one person and there were 5 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 186 married couples without children, 213 married couples with children There were 61 single parents with a child or children. There were 9 households that were made up of unrelated people and 23 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

there were 153 single family homes (or 52.6% of the total) out of a total of 291 inhabited buildings. There were 77 multi-family buildings (26.5%), along with 43 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (14.8%) and 18 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (6.2%). Of the single family homes 50 were built before 1919, while 11 were built between 1990 and 2000.

there were 718 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 214. There were 21 single room apartments and 218 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 656 apartments (91.4% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 55 apartments (7.7%) were seasonally occupied and 7 apartments (1.0%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.25%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance
The Ruins of Rouelbeau Castle is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire hamlet of Carre is listed in the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 21.76% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the LPS Party (17.58%), the SP (16.63%) and the Green Party (13.71%). In the federal election, a total of 578 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 50.4%.

In the 2009 Grand Conseil election, there were a total of 1,158 registered voters of which 499 (43.1%) voted. The most popular party in the municipality for this election was the Libéral with 18.8% of the ballots. In the canton-wide election they received the highest proportion of votes. The second most popular party was the PDC (with 13.5%), they were fifth in the canton-wide election, while the third most popular party was the Les Verts (with 12.9%), they were second in the canton-wide election.

For the 2009 Conseil d'Etat election, there were a total of 1,159 registered voters of which 629 (54.3%) voted.

In 2011, all the municipalities held local elections, and in Meinier there were 15 spots open on the municipal council. There were a total of 1,365 registered voters of which 651 (47.7%) voted. Out of the 651 votes, there were 8 blank votes, 7 null or unreadable votes and 92 votes with a name that was not on the list.

Economy
, Meinier had an unemployment rate of 3.5%. , there were 76 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 19 businesses involved in this sector. 268 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 39 businesses in this sector. 317 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 48 businesses in this sector. There were 851 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.6% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 598. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 64, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 257 of which 127 or (49.4%) were in manufacturing and 130 (50.6%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 277. In the tertiary sector; 54 or 19.5% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 55 or 19.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 33 or 11.9% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was in the information industry, 1 was the insurance or financial industry, 4 or 1.4% were technical professionals or scientists, 18 or 6.5% were in education and 72 or 26.0% were in health care.

, there were 180 workers who commuted into the municipality and 679 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 3.8 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 21.1% of the workforce coming into Meinier are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 12% used public transportation to get to work, and 65.5% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 759 or 44.8% were Roman Catholic, while 352 or 20.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 18 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.06% of the population), there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 41 individuals (or about 2.42% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 8 individuals (or about 0.47% of the population) who were Jewish, and 20 (or about 1.18% of the population) who were Islamic. There was 1 person who was Buddhist and 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 354 (or about 20.87% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 140 individuals (or about 8.25% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Meinier about 558 or (32.9%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 371 or (21.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 371 who completed tertiary schooling, 41.2% were Swiss men, 35.3% were Swiss women, 14.0% were non-Swiss men and 9.4% were non-Swiss women.

During the 2009-2010 school year there were a total of 369 students in the Meinier school system. The education system in the Canton of Geneva allows young children to attend two years of non-obligatory Kindergarten. During that school year, there were 34 children who were in a pre-kindergarten class. The canton's school system provides two years of non-mandatory kindergarten and requires students to attend six years of primary school, with some of the children attending smaller, specialized classes. In Meinier there were 45 students in kindergarten or primary school and 6 students were in the special, smaller classes. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling, followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. There were 45 lower secondary students who attended school in Meinier. There were 74 upper secondary students from the municipality along with 12 students who were in a professional, non-university track program. An additional 55 students attended a private school.

, there were 21 students in Meinier who came from another municipality, while 196 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Meinier


text:
Geschwind–Galaburda hypothesis

The Geschwind–Galaburda hypothesis is a neurological theory proposed by Norman Geschwind and Albert Galaburda in 1987. The hypothesis posits there are sex differences in cognitive abilities by relating them to lateralisation of brain function. The maturation rates of cerebral hemispheres differ and are mediated by circuiting testosterone levels, which are substantially influenced during the foetal and post-puberty development stages.

According to the hypothesis, testosterone delays the maturation of the brain, particularly the left hemisphere, resulting in corresponding regions of the right hemisphere and unaffected areas of the left hemisphere developing more rapidly. This leads to reduced verbal skills and an increased risk of developing language disorders, e.g dyslexia, while a rapid development of the right hemisphere and the skills corresponding to it, such as attention and problem-solving.

Focusing on foetal testosterone, the rise in levels hinders the development of the individual’s neurology and immunity, potentially explaining how cerebral lateralisation links to learning disorders, giftedness, and immune deficits. In cases of an underdeveloped or functionally impaired left hemisphere, the neuroanatomical asymmetries may lead to compensatory activity in other areas of the brain.

The field of “neuropsychology of individual differences” is concerned with the understanding the relationship between brain lateralisation and behaviour variation. In their work, Geschwind and Galaburda proposed that in order to explain the differences in cognitive abilities, it is dependent on prenatal exposure to testosterone. This comprehensive theoretical framework links the association between brain development, testosterone levels, and cognitive abilities. The theory gathers a wide range of neuropsychological phenomena and their associations under a single theoretical umbrella.

Relation to dyslexia
Dyslexic individuals have varying degrees of reading, writing, and verbal impairments. The development of dyslexia has been explicitly highlighted in those who have a specific cerebral lateralisation pattern, which have shown difficulties in language processing. Typically, the left hemisphere of the brain is dominant in language processing; however, individuals with dyslexia may have an underdeveloped or functionally impaired left hemisphere, leading to language processing difficulties. In response to this, the right hemisphere and posterior parietal cortex compensate to undertake language processing tasks, resulting in inefficiencies in language processing. This compensatory activity in other areas of the brain may explain the variability in the degree of impairment experienced by dyslexic individuals. Understanding the relationship between cerebral lateralisation and language processing amongst dyslexic individuals could be an effective method of diagnosis and treatment. Further research could design appropriate schemes to enhance the language processing and communication abilities of the individuals.

Studies
The Geschwind–Galaburda hypothesis has garnered empirical support from a number of studies. For instance, Witelson et al. discovered that Einstein’s brain exhibited an atypical pattern of cerebral lateralisation, which supports the hypothesis that brain lateralisation is related to cognitive abilities. In relation to the testosterone influence, an increased glial cell density in the left hemisphere caused an increased prenatal exposure to testosterone, which led to the disruption in the development of cerebral lateralisation. Therefore, the increased cell density in Einstein’s left hemisphere suggests the prenatal testosterone may have influenced his cognitive abilities and delayed language processing.

Another study highlighted how the role of neuroanatomy in an individual leads to developmental dyslexia. Researchers note that while the study of sex differences in dyslexia is still in its early stages, hormonal differences have been shown to cause cerebral asymmetry, which is followed by language and speech difficulties. The regions of the brain that are involved in language processing and phonological awareness, such as the planum temporal and inferior parietal lobule, have been found to differ between individuals with and without dyslexia. Impairments in these brain regions can lead to dyslexia, which is characterised by difficulties in reading and writing.

Contradictions
Although the Geschwind–Galaburda hypothesis has been cited in mainstream media and publication resources as a cause for left-handedness, very little research evidence (if any) has been presented to substantiate the theory. In fact, evidence has emerged suggesting that high prenatal estrogen exposure is just as likely to enhance the gene expression for left-handedness. In a study endorsed by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), it is suggested that men who were prenatally exposed to diethylstilbestrol (a synthetic estrogen based fertility drug), are more likely to be left-handed than unexposed men. A study by Cornish found no association between sex and handedness, contradicting the expectation that there should be more males and left-handers. While the Geschwind–Galaburda hypothesis suggests that higher levels of testosterone should lead to cerebral lateralisation asymmetries, the theory has not been definitively proven or disproven. Further research is needed to fully understand the complexity of this theory and its implications.

Moreover, the theory has the potential to oversimplify the relationship between brain lateralisation and cognitive abilities. The impacts of brain lateralisation on cognitive abilities are highly complex, and there may be multiple causes that are not fully explained by cerebral lateralisation or circulating testosterone. A more holistic approach may be needed to fully understand the relationship between brain lateralisation and cognitive abilities. The controversial evidence supporting and not supporting the theory suggests that it may not be a reliable explanation for these developments.

title: Geschwind–Galaburda hypothesis


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National Multiple Sclerosis Society

The National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) is an American nonprofit organization founded in 1946. It is an organization dedicated to supporting individuals affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) and funding research to find a cure for the disease. They provide resources, support services, advocacy efforts, and educational programs to improve the lives of people with MS and their families.

History
The National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) was founded in New York City as the Association for Advancement of Research on Multiple Sclerosis on March 11, 1946 by Sylvia Lawry. a lawyer seeking a cure for her brother, Bernard, who suffered from multiple sclerosis. Recognizing the absence of any existing foundation or organization aiding individuals with (MS), Ms. Lawry established NMSS.

With chapters spanning the United States, the organization funds research, advocates for social and political change, offers educational resources, and sponsors services that help people with multiple sclerosis and their families. In 2016, Forbes ranked the organization 63rd among the 100 largest U.S. charities. In 2017, Charity Navigator awarded the organization three out of four stars for its performance.

Research
The NMSS supports and funds research activities in early research, translational research that develops laboratory results into treatments, and clinical trials to find out whether they are effective in treating MS. In 2012, the Society invested $44 million in more than 350 new and ongoing projects. . As of 2016, NMSS has raised $974 million for research[5].

Throughout two two-day meetings in 2014–2015, the NMSS developed the Wellness Research Working Group and wellness research priorities. The Research Wellness Group provides information regarding self-directed approaches for disease management to people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.

Research rewards consist of several types of contributions to researchers in early to late stages of their careers. The following is a list of awards distributed by NMSS to researchers in 2017.

Career Transition Fellowship
The Career Transition Fellowship program sponsors postdoctoral training and research funding for scientists who demonstrate a dedication to MS research. Awards are in amounts up to $550,000 for a total of five years of training and research. The training period covers two years and research funding covers three additional years for research in a new faculty position.

Collaborative MS Research Center Awards
The NMSS offers funding to research centers with the intent to promote interaction among researchers. The Collaborative MS Research Center Awards program is intended to create collaboration between MS researchers, including independent investigators, and clinical research organizations. In addition, the program reaches out to professionals working in other fields of research to recruit them into MS research projects.

MS Research Center Awards are obtained through an application process through the NMSS MS Grants web page.

Fast Forward commercial/drug development
Fast Forward is a commercial research funding entity under the NMSS which provides funding for drug development and MS research being conducted through commercial entities such as EMD Pharmaceuticals, the University of Cambridge, the University of Edinburgh, and others. Researchers interested in the program are able to apply for funding through the Commercial Funding Opportunities web page.

Daniel Haughton Senior Faculty Award
This award was named after a member of the Board of Directors of the NMSS. Its purpose was to provide funding for training of MS researchers who needed additional education regarding the disease. As of 2017, this award was on hold and not accepting applications.

Harry Weaver Neuroscience Scholarships
Harry Weaver was a researcher in the field of neuroscience who had a dedication to MS research. He was the Director of Research at NMSS from 1966 to 1977. The scholarship in his name is offered to provide salary and research funding for a period of five years to researchers who are beginning their careers in MS research. The program is most often supported through universities.

Health Care Delivery & Policy Contracts
The Health Care Delivery and Policy Research (HCDPR) program funds investigators who are conducting research projects which address NMSS organization's priorities. These priorities are listed by the NMSS as funding, quality, outcomes, and costs for care related to MS.

International Progressive MS Alliance
The International Progressive MS Alliance was founded in 2012 as the International Progressive MS Collaborative. The MS Alliance membership is composed of MS organizations from around the world. The Alliance provides two different funding awards, including the Challenge Award and Collaborative Network Award grants. Both grants provide funding over multiple years to researchers and institutions in the international community.

Mentor-based Postdoctoral Rehabilitation
This program supports a combination of mentors and MS postdoctoral training institutions to recruit and train MS rehabilitation fellows. Mentors are required to be experienced MS researchers who have an established and active participation in their field. Interested parties must submit an application for the program through the NMSS website.

Participants in the program include the Duke University School of Medicine, the Weizmann Institute of Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Utah, and additional related institutions.

Clinician Scientist Development Award
The American Academy of Neurology and NMSS have partnered to develop this grant program. The program focuses on providing grant funding to MS researchers. In 2016, the American Academy of Neuroscience Clinician Scientist Development Program awarded $3 million to research and training programs with a focus on neuroscience.

Pilot Research Grants
High-risk pilot research programs focus on cutting-edge ideas and methods that have not been tested and may contribute to MS medical research. The Pilot Research Grants provide one year of research funding to pilot programs in order to develop results which can be used to apply for long term funding programs.

title: National Multiple Sclerosis Society


text: User talk:69.34.83.172

title: User talk:69.34.83.172


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rosey Brown (band)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Normally, I'd relist but this just doesn't have a prayer. -Splash talk 23:57, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Rosey Brown (band)
Local band with a myspace page. Doesn't seem to meet WP:MUSIC requirements. No allmusic.com entry. Delete. Gamaliel 21:07, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN --Rogerd 03:57, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Biomet

Biomet, Inc., was a medical device manufacturer located in the Warsaw, Indiana, business cluster. The company specialized in reconstructive products for orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, craniomaxillofacial surgery and operating room supplies. In 2015, Biomet became part of the new company Zimmer Biomet.

History
Biomet was established in 1977 and delivered its first hip replacement in 1978. The four founders of Biomet were: Dane A. Miller, Ray Harroff, Niles Noblitt, and Jerry Ferguson. In a September 2007 club deal, the company was acquired by a consortium of private equity firms consisting of The Blackstone Group, Goldman Sachs, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts L.P. and TPG Capital, after which Biomet ceased trading on NASDAQ.

In April 2014, it was announced that Zimmer Holdings had succeeded in a bid to acquire Biomet for a fee of $13.4 billion. However, in October 2014, EU antitrust regulators opened an investigation into Zimmer's bid on the grounds that the deal may lead to substantial decreases in competition in certain markets. The verdict of the investigation into the deal that would make Zimmer the world's second-largest seller of orthopaedic products behind Johnson & Johnson allowed the merger to take place in June 2015.

Products
Biomet manufactured reconstructive products for orthopedic surgery, such as hips, knees and shoulders, fixation devices, orthopedic support devices. It also made spinal implants, dental implants, and general operating instruments. Its subsidiary, Biomet Microfixation, manufactured mainly craniomaxillofacial and neurosurgical products. These included LactoSorb, a fixation system made of completely resorbable material for guided bone regeneration, titanium plates and screws for craniomaxillofacial fixation, instruments for craniomaxillofacial and orthopedic procedures and hard tissue replacements made out of biocompatible polymers, as used in cranial defects. Biomet began using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads, which are fused together with polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (PHEMA) for cranial plates, in 1993. The other material is polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), formed either by laser sintering or by 3D printing.

Misconduct
In 2012, Biomet paid more than $22 million to settle SEC and Department of Justice violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). From 2000 to August 2008 Biomet bribed publicly employed doctors in Argentina, Brazil, and China with up to 15-20% of the sale. The four subsidiaries involved were Biomet Argentina SA, U.S. subsidiary Biomet International, Biomet China and Scandimed AB.

Incomplete section. In 2017 Biomet was again convicted. This second conviction was backed by another violation of the FCPA that was discovered in 2013.

These violations are also correlated with the first time a whistleblower received monetary compensation for reporting an entity to the SEC that led to a successful conviction.

title: Biomet


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/New 90s

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 10:56, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

New 90s
Delete Phrase without any particular notoriety } and no sources. PhilipO 21:07, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as unsourced jibberjabber! Eddie.willers 01:13, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete junk --Rogerd 03:57, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete why not list "New 90s" on 2000s as another name for the 00s? else, it's not really needed.QzDaddy 18:55, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/New 90s


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Madame Rouge

Madame Rouge is a fictional supervillain appearing in DC Comics, first appearing in Doom Patrol #86 (March 1964). The character was created by Arnold Drake.

Michelle Gomez portrays the live-action version of the character in the third season of the HBO Max series Doom Patrol.

Fictional character biography
Laura De Mille was originally a French stage actress. After an automobile accident, she developed a dual good/evil split personality. At this point, she attracted the notice of The Brain and his associate Monsieur Mallah. With Mallah's help, the Brain performed surgery on De Mille that was, from his perspective, successful, sublimating her good personality and allowing her evil personality to remain dominant. As Madame Rouge, De Mille became the only female member of the Brotherhood of Evil, and assisted the Brotherhood in its continuing conflicts against the Doom Patrol. At first, Madame Rouge was simply a master of disguise; subsequent surgery by the Brain eventually gave her the ability to alter her appearance and stretch her limbs.

Later, Rouge's split personality manifested again, with her good personality occasionally appearing. Rouge was romantically linked to the Doom Patrol's leader, Niles Caulder ("The Chief"), who was able to help Rouge overcome her evil side and ally with the Doom Patrol.

Ultimately, Rouge's mind reverted to its evil state, causing her to seek vengeance against both the Brotherhood of Evil and the Doom Patrol for their previous interference. She was apparently successful in murdering both groups. Years later, Robotman and the Teen Titans tracked down Rouge and her ally, General Zahl. Beast Boy (then Changeling) killed Rouge, although, at the moment of her death, her good side manifested; she forgave Changeling and called to Niles, her apparent true love.

Madame Rouge's daughter, Gemini, also a shapeshifter, appeared years later to seek revenge against Beast Boy.

In 2004, DC writer John Byrne restarted the Doom Patrol series and declared that the previous history had never happened. Despite this, Madame Rouge was a zombie summoned by Brother Blood to keep the Titans from freeing Kid Eternity in Teen Titans #31 (2006). Since then, Byrne's reboot of the Doom Patrol franchise was overturned as a continuity glitch created by Superboy-Prime. As such, Madame Rouge is still dead and her history has been left intact. However, her daughter Gemini has taken up wearing her mother's costume and is a member of the new Brotherhood of Evil.

In Blackest Night, Madame Rouge has been identified as one of the deceased entombed below the Hall of Justice. Madame Rouge's corpse is revived as a Black Lantern during the event.

Powers and abilities
Originally, Madame Rouge was a master of disguise. Later, the Brain altered Rouge's molecular structure that gave her an amorphous physiology. Now, she can stretch her own body (wholly or partly) to incredible lengths and mimic the appearance of any person at will. In the Teen Titans animated series, Madame Rouge retained her superstretching powers, but greater than before. She can reform her body, repair any damage yet seen, "flow" through fences, change color, mimic voices, and has sufficient strength to throw people around like dolls or smash brick walls. Rouge is capable of surrounding and smothering her opponents via stretched body. She could be hurt by elemental-based attacks, as well as having trouble maintaining her undamaged form in extreme temperatures.

Television

 * Madame Rouge appears in the fifth season of Teen Titans, voiced by Hynden Walch. This version is an arrogant and sadistic member of the Brotherhood of Evil who sports an Eastern European accent, red costume, and expanded shapeshifting abilities. Throughout the season, Rouge helps the Brotherhood in their efforts to eliminate young heroes around the world, only to be thwarted and flash-frozen by the Teen Titans.
 * Madame Rouge appears in the DC Nation short "The Spy Within the Doom Patrol", voiced by Debra Wilson.
 * Madame Rouge appears in Teen Titans Go! (2013), voiced again by Hynden Walch.
 * Madame Rouge appears in Doom Patrol, portrayed by Michelle Gomez. This version is a member of the Bureau of Normalcy who becomes amnesiac due to time travel, subsequently allying with the Doom Patrol, the Sisterhood of Dada, and the Brotherhood of Evil at various points in the series.

Miscellaneous

 * Madame Rouge appears in Justice League Unlimited #31 and Justice League Adventures #6.
 * Madame Rouge appears in Teen Titans Go! (2004).

title: Madame Rouge


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Kirkpatrick, Ohio

Kirkpatrick is an unincorporated community in northern Scott Township, Marion County, Ohio, United States. The ZIP code assigned to Kirkpatrick by the United States Postal Service is 43302 — the same as Marion. Kirkpatrick is the location of the Scott Township Hall. The current population of Kirkpatrick is less than 200. Kirkpatrick is served by Ridgedale Local School District.

Geography
Kirkpatrick is located at the junction of State Route 98 and Morral-Kirkpatrick Road in Marion County, Ohio. Kirkpatrick is assigned to Range 15 of Scott Township according to the Congress Lands Survey of Ohio.

History
Kirkpatrick was originally called Letimbreville, and under the latter name was platted in 1833.

Schools
The community was once the location of the Scott Township Consolidated School, opened in 1920, which was better known as "Kirkpatrick". Because Scott Township was small in comparison to other local communities, the popular two- story English basement style with instruction rooms was halved, with plans to add the other four rooms at a future point. This resulted in the west facade being almost windowless above ground, yet having the front door to the building. Classrooms overlooked to the east view. The building offered grades 1-11 to students in Scott Township and students from portions of Dallas Township, Crawford County. After the completion of their eleventh grade year, the graduating "junior's" transferred to other accredited school systems and graduated from those school. The school closed in 1949, and students in the township were assigned to other neighboring districts including Marion City Schools, township systems operated by Tully, Claridon, and Grand Prairie Townships, and Mount Zion in Crawford County, Ohio. The school building, which was never completed as planned, was razed after the system closure, though its gym - which had been built as the township hall - remained into the late 1970s when it was superseded by a modern structure.

title: Kirkpatrick, Ohio


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GWR 4400 Class

The Great Western Railway (GWR) 4400 Class was a class of 2-6-2T side tank steam locomotive.

History
They were introduced in 1904 for work on small branch lines. The 4500 class was a later development with larger driving wheels. The 4400s were particularly used in hilly districts, notably the Princetown and Much Wenlock Branches. All were withdrawn and scrapped between 1949 and 1955.

The 4400, 4500 and 4575 classes, which all had 24 in stroke cylinders, the Standard 5 boiler and driving wheels under 5 ft, were collectively known as "Small Prairies", as opposed to the 5100, 3150, 5101, 6100, 3100 and 8100 classes, with 30 in stroke cylinders, Standard 2 or 4 boilers and driving wheels over 5 ft, known as "Large Prairies".

title: GWR 4400 Class


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User:Colin Kimbrell

I'm going on Wikibreak, maybe forever, due to WP:RB. I no longer wish to contribute my labor to the project under these conditions, as I feel that this tremendously misguided proposal deals a critical blow to the credibility of the project. It encourages the perpetuation of systemic biases within the encyclopedia, it creates numerous conflicts of interest among editors, it greatly simplifies the efforts of outside POV-pushers, and it opens up a whole host of issues related to data collection and personal information.

If it dies, I might come back. Otherwise, best of luck, y'all.

title: User:Colin Kimbrell


text: User talk:69.162.20.101

title: User talk:69.162.20.101