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Scott Kelby

Scott Kelby (born July 7, 1960) is an American photographer and an author and publisher of periodicals dealing with photography and Adobe Photoshop software, for design professionals, photographers, and artists.

Photography career
Kelby is editor and publisher of the Photoshop User Magazine, president and co-founder of the National Association of Photoshop Professionals (NAPP) and president of Kelby Media Group, an Oldsmar, Florida-based software training, education, and publishing firm.

He is a photographer, designer, and author of more than 60 books on related topics including The Digital Photography Book series. For the years 2010 through 2012 Kelby was named the top-selling author of books on photography according to research based on Nielsen BookScan data.

Kelby is the training director for the Adobe Photoshop Seminar Tour and conference technical chair for the Photoshop World Conference & Expo. He is featured in a series of online Photoshop training classes and DVDs and has been training Photoshop users since 1993. In the fall of 2007, he created Kelbytraining.com to bring his training material online.

Since the fall of 2005, Kelby has co-presented the video podcast Photoshop User TV, named after his organization's magazine. The 30 to 45 minute weekly show began life as "Photoshop TV" (and was briefly "NAPP TV"). During the show, Kelby and his NAPP friends/coworkers talk Adobe Photoshop news and tutorials in a witty, bantering style.

In 2008, he started the "Scott Kelby Worldwide Photowalk".

In March 2011, Kelby launched a weekly talk-show for photographers called "The Grid Live," with co-host RC Concepćion. Show topics include current photography and creative industry topics, and viewers are encouraged to participate by posting questions to a live feed.

Publications

 * 2000 Photoshop 6 Down and Dirty Tricks
 * 2001 Photoshop 6 Killer Tips
 * 2001 Photoshop 6 Photo-Retouching Secrets
 * 2002 Mac OS X v. 10.2 Jaguar Killer Tips
 * 2002 Macintosh...The Naked Truth
 * 2002 Photoshop 7 Down & Dirty Tricks
 * 2002 Photoshop 7 Killer Tips
 * 2002 Photoshop Most Wanted: Effects and Design Tips
 * 2003 Adobe Photoshop CS Down & Dirty Tricks
 * 2003 Mac OS X Panther Killer Tips
 * 2003 Photoshop Elements for Photographers
 * 2003 The Adobe Photoshop CS Book for Digital Photographers
 * 2003 The Mac OS X Conversion Kit: 9 to 10 Side by Side, Panther Edition
 * 2003 The Photoshop Book for Digital Photographers
 * 2003 The Photoshop Elements Book for Digital Photographers
 * 2004 InDesign CS Killer Tips
 * 2004 Photoshop Classic Effects: The Essential Effects Every User Needs to Know
 * 2004 Photoshop CS Killer Tips
 * 2004 Photoshop Elements 3 Down & Dirty Tricks
 * 2004 Photoshop in Motion with Final Cut Pro
 * 2004 The iTunes for Windows Book
 * 2004 The Photoshop Elements 3 Book for Digital Photographers
 * 2005 Digital Photography Killer Tips
 * 2005 Getting Started with Your Mac and Mac OS X Tiger
 * 2005 InDesign CS2 Killer Tips
 * 2005 Mac OS X Tiger Killer Tips
 * 2005 Photoshop CS2 Down & Dirty Tricks
 * 2005 Photoshop CS2 Killer Tips
 * 2005 Photoshop CS2 Power Session
 * 2005 Photoshop for Wedding Photographers Personal Seminar Interactive DVD Training and Guide
 * 2005 The Book for Guys Who Don't Want Kids
 * 2005 The iPod Book: Doing Cool Stuff with the iPod and the iTunes Music Store
 * 2005 The Photoshop CS2 Book for Digital Photographers
 * 2005 The Photoshop CS2 Channels Book
 * 2006 The Digital Photography Book, Volume 1 - ISBN 978-0-321-47404-9
 * 2007 The iPhone Book: How to Do the Things You Want With Your iPhone
 * 2007 The Photoshop CS3 Book for Digital Photographers
 * 2007 The Adobe Photoshop Lightroom Book for Digital Photographers
 * 2007 The Photoshop 7-point System
 * 2008 The Digital Photography Book, Volume 2 - ISBN 978-0-321-52476-8
 * 2008 The Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 2 Book for Digital Photographers
 * 2009 The Adobe Photoshop CS4 Book for Digital Photographers
 * 2009 Photoshop CS4 Down & Dirty Tricks
 * 2009 The Digital Photography Book, Volume 3 - ISBN 0-321-61765-7
 * 2009 Photo Recipes Live: Behind the Scenes: Your Guide to Today's Most Popular Lighting Techniques - ISBN 0-321-70175-5
 * 2010 ''The Adobe Photoshop CS5 Book for Digital Photographers
 * 2010 The Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 3 Book for Digital Photographers
 * 2011 Light it, Shoot it, Retouch it - ISBN 0321786610
 * 2011 Professional Portrait Retouching Techniques for Photographers Using Photoshop - ISBN 978-0321725547
 * 2011 The Photoshop Elements 10 Book for Digital Photographers - ISBN 978-0321808240
 * 2011 It's a Jesus Thing - ISBN 978-1937038175
 * 2012 The iPhone Book: Covers iPhone 5, iPhone 4S, and iPhone 4 (6th Edition) - ISBN 978-0321908568
 * 2012 The Digital Photography Book, Part 4 - ISBN 978-0321773029
 * 2012 The Adobe Photoshop CS6 Book for Digital Photographers - ISBN 978-0321823748
 * 2012 The Photoshop Elements 11 Book for Digital Photographers - ISBN 978-0321884831
 * 2012 The Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4 Book for Digital Photographers - ISBN 978-0321819581
 * 2013 The Digital Photography Book: Part 1 (2nd Edition) - ISBN 978-0321934949
 * 2013 The Adobe Photoshop Book for Digital Photographers (Covers Photoshop CS6 and Photoshop CC) - ISBN 978-0321933843
 * 2013 Professional Sports Photography Workflow - ISBN 978-1937038540
 * 2015 How Do I Do That In Lightroom?: The Quickest Ways to Do the Things You Want to Do, Right Now! - ISBN 978-1937538934

title: Scott Kelby


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ludiyan Fantasy

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 21:31, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Ludiyan Fantasy
WP:NOR, WP:V. I'm unable to find sources for this. Google of Ludiyan fantasy and Danny Rolfe turns up one website—a geocities page, possibly the author's. Subject appears to be too obscure to meet WP:V. Delete. enceph alon  20:24, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom.--Isotope23 20:39, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom; neither author nor book nor series known to Amazon.com. MCB 23:06, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on Hong Kong

AFD
This article was nominated for deletion. The result was no consensus. See Articles for deletion/Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on Hong Kong · Katefan0(scribble) 20:24, 14 October 2005 (UTC)


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Elgin, Quebec

Elgin is a rural municipality in Quebec, Canada. The population as of the 2021 Canadian census was 389. It is located southwest of Huntingdon and bounded by the Trout and Châteauguay rivers and the Canada–United States border.

History
The Municipality of the Township of Elgin was formed in 1855, with the present town hall being built in 1869. Its small fields and many stone houses attest to the first Scottish settlers who began arriving in the early 19th century. It was named in honour of James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin, who had become popular with French Canadians for passing the Rebellion Losses Bill in 1849 to compensate the victims of the 1837 Uprising.

In 2009, the township municipality changed statutes to become a regular municipality.

Geography
The municipality is situated on the border with the United States, 14 kilometres south-west of Huntingdon, Quebec. It is one of the two southernmost communities in Quebec, along with Hinchinbrooke, with their tripoint with New York on the Châteauguay River being the southernmost point in the province.

Communities
The following locations reside within the municipality's boundaries:
 * Trout River ( 44.99778°N, -74.31667°W ) – a hamlet situated on Route 138, just north of the U.S. border. Includes Canada & US Customs border crossing.

Lakes & rivers
The following waterways pass through or are situated within the municipality's boundaries:
 * Trout River ( 45.07333°N, -74.18528°W ) – runs along the municipality's Western and Northern border.
 * Châteauguay River ( 45.03222°N, -74.18581°W ) – delineates the municipality's Eastern border.

Local government
List of former mayors:

 * Noëlla Daoust (...–2005)
 * Jean-Pierre Proulx (2005–2009)
 * Deborah Stewart (2009–present)

Arts and culture
A rural art and music centre offers a full summer program of professional entertainment and cultural events in a renovated old church, now named Kelso Hall. Run by community volunteers Kim Moss, Nora Quinn, and Cathleen Johnston, Kelso Hall has been host to comedian Lorne Elliott, classical string quartets, silent movies with piano accompaniment, slide-music presentations, exhibits of art, and more. (Since 2013, this project has been closed)

title: Elgin, Quebec


text: User talk:80.44.248.22

title: User talk:80.44.248.22


text:
File:Reading-town-hall-organ.jpg

Summary
This image comes from the website of Harrison & Harrison, where it illustrates the rebuild work they do. The site makes no explicit reservation of copyright. I claim that it is fair use in the context of Henry Willis & Sons as follows: Just zis Guy, you know? [T]/[C] AfD? 11:30, 13 January 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) The photograph is only being used for informational purposes;
 * 2) Its inclusion in this article adds significantly to the article because it shows a subject of the article;
 * 3) It is encyclopedic and otherwise meets general Wikipedia content requirements;
 * 4) Its use here does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the image in any way;
 * 5) Specifically, the article discusses the rebuild and references the Harrison company;
 * 6) The picture is promotional material and this usage is consistent with demonstrating the quality of workmanship of the copyright owners, the context in which it is used on the Harrison website.

title: File:Reading-town-hall-organ.jpg


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Conch (disambiguation)

A conch is a kind of large sea snail, especially those in the family Strombidae. Conch may also refer to:

Places

 * Conch Key in Florida
 * Conch Republic, Key West, Florida micronation

People

 * Conch (people) of Bahamas and Florida

Architecture

 * Conch (architecture), semicircular apse or its domed roof
 * Conch house, a style of architecture found in Key West and Miami, Florida

Art, entertainment, and media

 * "Conch", Patti Smith poem in kodak (book)
 * The Conch, an album by the band moe

Musical instruments

 * Conch (instrument), a musical instrument made from a seashell
 * Horagai, a shell used as a musical instrument in Japan

Other uses

 * Conch (SSH), secure-shell software written in python
 * Anhui Conch Cement Company, Chinese business
 * Conch awards for audio production
 * Conch piercing, modification of human ear
 * Shankha, a shell used as a ritual object in Hinduism

title: Conch (disambiguation)


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Wildlife Prairie Park

Wildlife Prairie Park, also known as the Hazel & Bill Rutherford Wildlife Prairie Park, is located in Peoria County, Illinois, approximately 10 miles (16 km) west of downtown Peoria in central Illinois. Opened in the 1970s, it has most recently been operated as a not-for-profit corporation since 2013. The park has 1800 acre of land with over 150 animals of 60 different species that are native to Illinois.

History
Local philanthropist and attorney Bill Rutherford Sr. and his wife Hazel founded Wildlife Prairie Park. The Forest Park Foundation first acquired the area in the late 1960s. The foundation had originally intended to use the land as a breeding farm for endangered species in partnership with the Brookfield Zoo and the Chicago Zoological Society. However, the zoo's plans changed. The Forest Park Foundation pivoted to create a zoological park that would preserve the native plants and animals of Illinois.

Wildlife Prairie Park initially welcomed visitors in September 1977 for six weeks in honor of Hazel Rutherford's birthday. The park officially opened to the public on August 4, 1978.

On September 5, 2000, Bill Rutherford Sr. presented the deed to the park to Governor George Ryan and the park was transferred from private foundation ownership to the Illinois Department of Natural Resources and renamed Hazel & Bill Rutherford Wildlife Prairie State Park. Although owned by the state, the Forest Park Foundation continued to manage the park operations under a contract with the Illinois Department of Natural Resources.

Wildlife Prairie Park struggled to receive funding from the state. The Forest Park Foundation agreed to turn over operational responsibility to a new governing board, a group of locals known as Friends of Wildlife Prairie Park.

In May 2013, the park was officially transferred back into private ownership when it was given to the Friends of Wildlife Prairie Park.

Flora and fauna
Some of the wildlife includes white bison, wolves, waterfowl, black bears, elk, otters, badgers, snakes, bobcats, butterflies, and other native animals.

Recreation
Fishing, riding the train, camping, hiking, biking, kayaking, and other activities are available in the park.

The Prairie Zephyr Train is a one-third scale train with over a mile of track. There are two locomotives, a "steam" locomotive powered by a Caterpillar Diesel engine, and a "diesel" locomotive powered by a Chevy Cobalt gasoline engine. The train has two freight cars and nine passenger cars. Five of these passenger cars were built by Chance Rides out of Wichita, Kansas and were previously used at the St. Louis Zoo. Four passenger cars were built by Sandley Light Railway Equipment Works of Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin, and were acquired from the Milwaukee County Zoo. The train offers rides to guests during fair weather.

Many of the park's artificial elements were constructed by hand and with recycled materials in an effort to reduce their negative environmental effects years before it was commonplace to safeguard the environment.

title: Wildlife Prairie Park


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Zeta (magazine)

Zeta is a Mexican magazine published every Friday in Tijuana by Choix Editores. Zeta is distributed primarily in Baja California, in the cities of Tijuana, Tecate, Rosarito, Ensenada, and Mexicali.

It was founded in 1980 by Jesús Blancornelas, known as "the spiritual godfather of modern Mexican journalism", along with Héctor Félix Miranda and Francisco Ortiz Franco. The magazine regularly runs exposés on corruption in local and federal governments as well as on organized crime and drug trafficking, resulting in numerous threats and attacks against its staff. Félix was murdered in 1988 by bodyguards of politician Jorge Hank Rhon, while Ortiz was assassinated in 2004, apparently for his coverage of the Tijuana Cartel. Blancornelas was also ambushed by gunmen in 1997; though one of his bodyguards was killed, Blancornelas managed to survive his wounds. Following Blancornelas's death of stomach cancer in 2006, Adela Navarro Bello became Zeta ' s editor-in-chief. Both Blancornelas and Navarro received numerous international awards for their work with the magazine.

More than half of the journalists working for the Zeta report on sport events, entertainment, and art, but the front-page stories on the newspaper are about drug trafficking and political corruption. Since its creation, the newspaper chronicled the rise and workings of the Tijuana Cartel, one of Mexico's oldest drug trafficking organizations.

Early history
In 1977, Jesús Blancornelas founded the independent newspaper ABC. The paper employed future Zeta co-founder Héctor Félix Miranda, then a columnist who wrote under "Félix el Gato" ("Felix the Cat") to criticize local politicians. These columns eventually angered Baja California's state government and Mexico's former President José López Portillo to the point that the government ordered Blancornelas to fire Miranda and banned its distribution. When Blancornelas refused, a SWAT team was sent to take over the paper's offices on the pretext of settling a labor dispute. Blancornelas escaped to the United States, resettling in San Diego, California.

In 1980, Blancornelas re-surfaced with the weekly publication Zeta, which he co-founded with Félix. The magazine printed copies in the United States and then smuggled them across the border into Mexico. After some years, they reestablished themselves in Tijuana. Through the magazine, the pair continued their investigation into organized crime and corruption. The magazine ran a cover story in 1985 about local police guarding a marijuana-filled warehouse; the story was the first to report on the future leaders of the Tijuana Cartel, the Arellano Félix brothers. After Blancornelas discovered that plainclothes police officers had bought all 20,000 copies of the issue, Zeta republished the issue under the headline "Censored!" In 1987, the Zeta magazine lived an attack, when two men in a brown Toyota pick-up truck opened fire at the installations one morning.

In 1994, Zeta published an investigation on the assassination of Luis Donaldo Colosio; despite the conspiracy theories about the case, the magazine concluded that the shooting had been the work of a single troubled individual.

Héctor Félix Miranda murder
As well as acting as an editor, Héctor Félix Miranda contributed a column titled "A Little of Something", in which he satirized and criticized government officials, particularly those of the long-ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He particularly targeted Jorge Hank Rhon, son of a former Mexico City mayor and the owner of a Tijuana racetrack.

Félix was killed by multiple shotgun blasts in 1988. Two guards from Hank Rhon's Agua Caliente Racetrack were later convicted of the murder.

For the next eighteen years, Blancornelas left Félix's name on the Zeta masthead, marked with a black cross. He also published a full-page ad in every issue under Félix's "byline", asking Hank Rhon why Félix had been murdered.

Blancornelas assassination attempt
In 1997 in Tijuana, Blancornelas was ambushed and wounded by gunmen of the Tijuana Cartel after he published a photo of the drug lord Ramón Arellano Félix. Blancornelas was nearly killed when the attackers opened fire on his car, wounding him in the abdomen and killing his driver and bodyguard, Luis Valero Elizalde, who died protecting him and managed to kill one of the shooters. Blancornelas suffered complications from the injury for the rest of his life. In the attack, Blancornelas' car was hit more than 180 times, but only four bullets penetrated the journalist's body. Valero, however, was hit 38 times.

The nature of Blancornelas' work forced him to live under a "self-imposed home arrest," only traveling to his workplace and home with multiple Special Forces bodyguards from the Mexican Army, who accompanied him everywhere. While previous attacks on journalists had received little coverage, Blancornelas' assassination attempt made it to the front page of most newspapers in Mexico, and was covered on television and radio. The attempt also fueled international attention, as the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, San Diego Union Tribune, and National Public Radio covered it extensively. Due to the public outcry, the Mexican authorities decided to report the attack to the Office of the General Prosecutor, which had greater resources than the state authorities.

After Blancornelas recovered from his wounds, he returned to publishing for the Zeta magazine. The Blancornelas family erected a huge brick wall in their one-story house to increase their security measures; outside the house, a squadron of military men guarded the family, while some others protected the Zeta offices. As of 1998, the top editors of the newspaper, along with Blancornelas' three sons, were under guard by the authorities at all times.

Francisco Ortiz Franco murder
In 2004, Francisco Ortiz Franco—a Zeta cofounder and contributing editor who specialized in legal issues—began to write about drug trafficking. At around this time, Blancornelas wanted to remove bylines from Zeta ' s most dangerous stories, but was persuaded not to by Ortiz, who wished his to continue to run.

On June 22, 2004, Ortiz was shot three times at the wheel of his car by masked gunmen in a drive-by shooting, in full view of his son and daughter (aged 9 and 11). Federal prosecutors later linked the murder to the Tijuana Cartel of the Arellano Félix family, with Ortiz's coverage of the organization as the probable motive. In April 2011, Zeta ' s new editor Adela Navarro Bello ran a front-page story stating that the newspaper had learned from cartel enforcer Luis Alberto Salazar Vega that cartel head Javier Arellano Félix had personally ordered the murder after Ortiz had published photographs of the organization's members.

Navarro Bello directorship
Prior his death from cancer in 2006, Blancornelas, disheartened by the deaths of his co-founders and beginning to doubt Zeta ' s ability to foster change, considered closing the magazine with his death. Editor Adela Navarro Bello and his son César René Blanco Villalón persuaded him to let the magazine continue, however, and succeeded him as the magazine's co-publishers.

As the magazine's new director, Navarro continued Blancornelas' tradition of high-risk reporting on organized crime, stating that "Every time a journalist self-censors, the whole society loses". She oversaw an investigation of Hank Rhon, whose guards had murdered Félix Miranda, and following Hank's arrest in 2011 on illegal weapons charges, the magazine published the details and serial numbers of the 88 guns found in his home. The issue sold out, and the number of page views caused the magazine's website to crash. Though Hank was released for lack of evidence, Navarro continued to press for his arrest for involvement in the Félix murder. The magazine also began to publish increasing coverage of corruption allegations against the National Action Party as the party continued to gain power. The magazine was also criticized in 2009 and 2010, however, for being too sympathetic to the Mexican Army and failing to cover its alleged human rights abuses; Zeta named an army general its "person of the year" in each year.

In January 2010, US law enforcement notified Navarro of death threats from the Tijuana Cartel, causing the Mexican government to assign her seven soldiers as bodyguards. One month later, ten people were arrested for plotting a grenade attack against Zeta ' s offices. The Zeta offices are located in a residential neighborhood in Tijuana, but all of the printing is done in San Diego to avoid any reprisals from organized crime, with the printed magazines trucked in across the border. It has a printing circulation of 30,000, but waits up to three days to put its drug trafficking reports online to compel readers to buy the print version. In 2012, the Zeta is still thriving in Tijuana with its weekly column of "who's who in the underworld of Mexico's Baja California peninsula," and with unique stories of drug traffickers rarely seen anywhere else in the Mexican media. Most media outlets in Mexico limit their reports to government statements and news conferences, while others cover the drug war aggressively. Few of the national media outlets, however, have the intensity and in-depth coverage of the Zeta magazine.

Awards
Blancornelas won several international awards for his work with Zeta, including the 1996 International Press Freedom Award of the US-based Committee to Protect Journalists and the 1999 UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize. In 2000 he was named one of the Austria-based International Press Institute's fifty World Press Freedom Heroes of the previous fifty years. Navarro also received the International Press Freedom Award for her work with the magazine in 2007.

Zeta and Blancornelas are profiled in the Bernardo Ruiz documentary Reportero.

title: Zeta (magazine)


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Yr Elen

Yr Elen is a mountain in the Carneddau range in Snowdonia, Wales. It is the ninth highest mountain in Snowdonia. The average annual temperature of the peak is around 4 C. It lies on a short ridge running north-northwest off the main northeast-to-southwest ridge of the Carneddau, just over one kilometre from Carnedd Llewelyn.

It is usually climbed from the main ridge of the Carneddau, as it is only a short walk from Carnedd Llywelyn. It can also be climbed from Gerlan, near Bethesda, following Afon Llafar then heading up the slopes of Yr Elen, but this involves walking through wet valleys and a number of rivers that are difficult to cross. In drier times, ascent can be made via the crossing of Afon Caseg and then up the "front edge" of the peak. The views from this point north-west, over to Bangor and Anglesey, are stunning on a clear day, especially with a summer's sunset. This is well worth the arduous ascent.

The etymology of the name is unclear, with the personal name "Helen" or "Eleanor" being one possibility, perhaps after Eleanor de Montfort (d. 1282), Princess of Wales and wife of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. Another is the leech (from soft mutation of Welsh gelen, leech), perhaps in reference to the way in which Yr Elen appears to be attached to the side of the remaining Carneddau.

title: Yr Elen


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Agarophyte

An agarophyte is a seaweed, usually a red alga, that produces the hydrocolloid agar in its cell walls. This agar can be harvested commercially for use in biological experiments and culturing. In some countries (especially in the developing world), the harvesting of agarophytes, either as natural stocks or a cultivated crop, is of considerable economic importance. Notable genera of commercially exploited agarophytes include Gracilaria and Gelidium (such as Gelidium amansii and Gelidium corneum).

title: Agarophyte


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Red Rain (song)

"Red Rain" is the first track on English rock musician Peter Gabriel's fifth solo studio album So (1986). In the United States, it was initially only released as a promotional single and reached number three on Billboard magazine's Mainstream Rock chart in June 1986, where it stayed for three weeks between July and August. A year later, in June 1987, it was released as a commercial single in parts of Europe, Australia and the United States, peaking at 46 in the UK Singles Chart after entering the chart in July of that year. A live version also charted in the US and the UK in 1994.

Background and reception
The song is a combination of several inspirations. The lyrics directly reference a recurring dream Gabriel was having where he swam in his backyard pool drinking cold red wine. Another version of the dream had bottles in the shape of people falling from a cliff. In it, a stream of red liquid would seep out of the people-shaped bottles as they smashed with impact onto the ground, and was usually followed by a torrential downpour of the same red liquid.

Earlier in his solo career, Gabriel had an idea for a movie he referred to as Mozo. In it, villagers were punished for their sins with a blood-red rain. "Red Rain" was to be the theme song. This idea was eventually scrapped, although there was a mention of Mozo in the song "On the Air" in Peter Gabriel (1978). "Down the Dolce Vita", "Here Comes the Flood", and "Exposure" reference the Mozo story, as well.

Strongly percussive in nature, the song features two notable American drummers: Stewart Copeland from the Police played the hi-hat for the rain-like background sound and was requested by Gabriel due to his mastery of the instrument, while the rest of the drumming was provided by Gabriel's regular drummer Jerry Marotta, who recorded eight different drum takes for producer Daniel Lanois to choose from.

Gabriel's biographer Daryl Easlea wrote that the song was "a brooding opening to the album" which reflected "two very current Eighties obsessions: AIDS and nuclear fallout". Stephen Thomas Erlewine has described it as "a stately anthem popular on album rock radio".

Track listing

 * 1) "Red Rain"
 * 2) "In Your Eyes" (special mix) [only on 12"]
 * 3) "Ga-Ga"

"Ga-Ga" is an instrumental version of the song "I Go Swimming", which was only released on the Plays Live album.

US 12" single (20749-0)

 * 1) "Red Rain" – 5:35
 * 2) "Ga-Ga" (instrumental) – 4:31
 * 3) "Walk Through the Fire" – 3:31

Personnel

 * Jerry Marotta – drums
 * Chris Hughes – Linn programming
 * Stewart Copeland – hi-hat
 * Tony Levin – bass guitar
 * David Rhodes – guitar, backing vocals
 * Daniel Lanois – guitar
 * Peter Gabriel – vocals, piano, CMI, Prophet-5
 * Kevin Killen – mixer

title: Red Rain (song)


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Michael Aston

Michael Aston (born 1957) is a Welsh musician. He is the founder and current leader of Michael Aston's Gene Loves Jezebel (known as Gene Love Jezebel in the US).

In 1989, Aston left Gene Loves Jezebel over his unhappiness with the direction of the band and strained relations with his twin brother, Jay. Moving to California, Aston started the Immigrants, which eventually became Edith Grove. Aston wrote and released his first solo album, called Why Me Why This Why Now?. He rejoined Gene Loves Jezebel instead of writing and recording a new Edith Grove album.

Trademark dispute
On 15 February 2008, a lawsuit was filed by Michael Aston in California's Central District Court, against "Chris Bell, James Stevenson, Jay Aston, John Aston, Libertalia Entertainment and others" for trademark infringement. In a posting on their Myspace page on 25 September 2009, Jay Aston's Gene Loves Jezebel announced that an agreement had been reached with Michael Aston regarding the use of the name Gene Loves Jezebel: Jay Aston's band is now known as "Gene Loves Jezebel" in the UK and "Jay Aston's Gene Loves Jezebel" within the US; Michael Aston's band is now known as "Gene Loves Jezebel" in the US and "Michael Aston's Gene Loves Jezebel" in the UK. The settlement agreement was posted on Michael Aston's Gene Loves Jezebel website.

title: Michael Aston


text:
Glenn Loury

Glenn Cartman Loury, (born September 3, 1948) is an American economist, academic, and author. He is the Merton P. Stoltz Professor of the Social Sciences and Professor of Economics at Brown University, where he has taught since 2005. At the age of 33, Loury became the first African American professor of economics at Harvard University to gain tenure.

Loury achieved prominence during the Reagan Era as a leading black conservative intellectual. In the mid-1990s, following a period of seclusion, he adopted more progressive views. Loury has somewhat re-aligned with views of the American right, with The New York Times describing his political orientation in 2020 as "conservative-leaning."

Early life and education
Loury was born on September 3, 1948, in the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, growing up in a redlined neighborhood. Before going to college he fathered two children, and supported them with a job in a printing plant. When he wasn't working he took classes at Southeast Junior College, where he won a scholarship to study at Northwestern University. In 1972, he received his B.A. degree in mathematics from Northwestern University. He received his Ph.D. in economics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1976, writing his dissertation, "Essays in the Theory of the Distribution of Income", under the supervision of Robert M. Solow. At MIT he met his future wife, Linda Datcher Loury.

Career
Loury became an assistant professor of economics at Northwestern University after receiving his doctorate. In 1979, he moved to teach at the University of Michigan, and was promoted to full professor of economics in 1980. In 1982, at age 33, Loury became the first black tenured professor of economics in the history of Harvard University. He moved to Harvard's Kennedy School of Government after two years. While at Kennedy school he would befriend William Bennett and Bill Kristol (He later said in an interview that his economics appointment was a mistake because he "wasn’t yet fully established as a scientist". )

In 1987, Loury was under consideration to be an Undersecretary of Education in the Reagan administration. He withdrew from consideration on June 1, three days before citing personal reasons.

After a subsequent period of seclusion and self-reflection, Loury reemerged as a born-again Christian and described himself as a "black progressive." Loury left Harvard in 1991 to go to Boston University, where he headed the Institute on Race and Social Division. In 2005, Loury left Boston University for Brown University, where he was named a professor in the Economics Department, and a research associate of the Population Studies and Training Center.

Loury's areas of study include applied microeconomic theory: welfare economics, game theory, industrial organization, natural resource economics, and the economics of income distribution. In addition to economics, he has also written extensively on the themes of racial inequality and social policy. Loury testified on racial issues before the Senate Banking Committee on March 4, 2021. and presented at the Bruce D. Benson Center Lecture Series at the University of Colorado Boulder on February 8, 2021.

Loury hosts The Glenn Show on his Substack with John McWhorter, often regarding questions of race and education.

Political positions
On a 2017 episode of the Sam Harris podcast Making Sense, Loury stated that while he used to be "a Reagan conservative", he now thought of himself as a "centrist Democrat, or maybe a mildly right-of-center Democrat." The New York Times described Loury as "conservative-leaning" and The Wall Street Journal described Loury as a “Reagan Republican”.

On January 9, 2007, Loury spoke out against increasing the number of troops in Iraq.

Presidential elections and candidates
Loury was opposed to Barack Obama in his 2008 presidential run. He continued to criticize Obama as president calling his tenure “depressing in the extreme" and also criticized Obama's closeness to Al Sharpton.

In 2016, he supported Hillary Clinton. After the 2016 United States presidential election, Loury said it was dangerous for people not to recognize Donald Trump as the 45th President. During debates with John McWhorter, Loury defended Donald Trump. During Trump's presidency he doubted claims that Trump was an existential threat to the public. After Trump refused to concede that he lost the 2020 United States presidential election, however, he rebuked Trump. Loury would later blame Trump for the 2021 United States Capitol attack but opposed the second impeachment of Donald Trump.

Race
Loury opposes reparations for slavery and affirmative action. He has said that "affirmative action is not the solution, but neither is it the problem". Conversely, he has criticized affirmative action saying, "Affirmative action is dishonest. It’s not about equality, it’s about covering ass."

In 1984, Loury drew the attention of critics with "A New American Dilemma," published in The New Republic, a piece in which he addressed what he termed "fundamental failures in black society" such as "the lagging academic performance of black students, the disturbingly high rate of black-on-black crime, and the alarming increase in early unwed pregnancies among blacks."

In June 2020, Loury published a rebuttal to a letter that Brown University president Christina Paxson sent to students and alumni in response to the murder of George Floyd by a policeman. Loury questioned the purpose of Paxson's letter, saying it either "affirmed platitudes to which we can all subscribe, or, more menacingly, it asserted controversial and arguable positions as though they were axiomatic certainties."

Immigration
On immigration, Loury said in an interview segment in The First Measured Century, "There are benefits of immigration, and there are also costs. The benefits in terms of cheaper, eager labor to help we Americans produce the products that we want to consume. The costs are in terms of making it more difficult to equalize the economic circumstances of some Americans who are at the bottom of the heap, because they now have more competition for their labor, as a result of immigration."

Awards and honors
Loury was elected as a member of the Econometric Society in 1994, Vice President of the American Economics Society in 1997, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2000, and a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2011. He was elected president of the Eastern Economics Association in 2013. Loury is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and is a main academic contributor to the 1776 Unites project. He received the Bradley Prize in 2022, and was named the John Kenneth Galbraith Fellow from the American Academy of Political & Social Science for that same year.

Personal life
Loury fathered two children as a teenager with his first wife, Charlene. He also has a son from another relationship, Alden, who serves as data projects editor for WBEZ in Chicago.

Loury and his wife, Linda Datcher Loury, had two sons together. Linda died in 2011. He has since remarried.

On 11 April 2024, Loury announced his diagnoses of arthritis and stenosis of the lower-mid spine. He underwent surgery 10 April 2024, and plans further surgical treatments.

Publications

 * Loury, Glenn Late Admissions: Confessions of a Black Conservative, New York: Norton. 2024

title: Glenn Loury


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text: User talk:69.205.202.9

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Wai, Maharashtra

Wai (ISO: Vāī; Pronunciation: [ʋaːi] ) is a town in Satara district of Maharashtra state in India. Located on the Krishna River, Wai was a prominent town during the Peshwa era. Two important Marathi Brahmin from ruling families had their origins here: Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi (Tambe family) and Gopikabai, wife of Nanasaheb Peshwa (Raste family).

Locally prominent families such as the Raste, Ranade, and Phadnavis built several architecturally significant temples in Wai. The 400-year-old Mandhradevi Kalubai temple is about 12 km from Wai on a hill 718 m above sea level. In recent decades, Wai has become a popular location for filming Bollywood and Marathi movies, with over 300 films having been shot in and near Wai.

History
Wai has the epithetic name "Dakshin Kashi" (Kashi or Varanasi of the South) because of the city's more than 100 temples. Wai is known in Maharashtra for its ghats on the banks of the Krishna River and its temples, especially the Dholya ganapati temple on Ganapati Ghat.

The 17th-century warlord Afzal Khan, representing Ali Adil Shah II of the Bijapur Sultanate, is said to have made his first halt here on his way to the fort Pratapgad of the Maratha ruler Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. A cache of 105 guns, swords and other weapons were found in Wai around 2005.

Geography
Wai is located at 17.94°N, 73.88°W, approximately 35 km north of the city of Satara. It has an average elevation of 718 m. It is surrounded by the mountainous region of the Sahyādris.

Dhom Dam, west of Wai, was completed in 1982. Waters held by Dhom and Balakwadi dams, west of Wai taluka, surround the region's remaining small villages. Most residents of small villages moved elsewhere when dams were built. Dhom, Daswadi, Chikhali, Tasgaon, Aasgaon, Wyahli, Dhawli, Dahyat, Jor, Golewadi, Golegaon and Ulumb are major villages which were moved partly and they still exist partly. Nearly 16 km from Wai is the village of Borgoan, between Dhom dam and Balkawdi dam, with four waterfalls. Borgoan's residents drink water from the falls year round.

Boundaries of Wai taluka: East of Wai are talukas of Khandala and Koregaon. To the west lies the taluka of Mahabaleshwar. The northern border abuts the Pune district. The north-west border is shared with the Raigad district. South of Wai are talukas of Jawali and Satara. A taluka is an Indian sub-district, smaller than a district and larger than a village.

Headquarters of Wai taluka is the city of Wai, populated by about 25,000 people. Wai is 35 km from Satara, 95 km from Pune, and 250 km from Mumbai. Situated on the Mahad-Pandharpur State Highway, Wai is a major city on the way to the hill stations of Mahabaleshwar and Panchgani.

Wai taluka has seven ghats on the Krishna's banks: Gangapuri, Madhi Aali, Ganpati Aali, Dharmapuri, Brahmanshahi, Ramdoh Aali and Bhimkund Aali.

Demography
According to a 2001 census in India, Wai had a population of 31,090. Males 51% of the population, females are 49%. Literacy in Wai is 77% (higher than India's national average of 59.5%). Male literacy is 81%; female literacy is 73%. As of 2001, 11% of Wai's population was under age 6.

Culture
The prominent Pradnya Path Shala educational institution is based in Wai.

Wai is well known for Tarkateertha Lakshman Shastri Joshi, founder of Marāthi Vishwakosh.

Krishnamai Utsav is the main festival in Wai. When warlord Afzal Khan set out from Wai to attempt to defeat Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Shendye Shāstri of Wai prayed to the Krishna River for Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's victory, sparking the Krishnamai festival. It is celebrated on each ghat for four to eight days. The festival is also celebrated in the nearby town of Karad.

A 105-year-old Govardhan Sanstha (Goshala) celebrates Shri Krishna Janma Ashtami (Gokul Ashtami). The two-day Jatra festival attracts people from all over Maharashtra. The annual fairs, Yatras/Jatras, began with the Yatra of Mahalaxmi of Bhuinj, Jamb, Kikli and Belmachi on Dassraa. Yatras in the Wai taluka include Mandhardevi, Bagad of Bavdhan, Kavathe, Kalambhe and Surur.

A number of movies have been filmed in Wai, including Jis Desh Mein Ganga Rehta Hain, Gangaajal, Omkara (2006 film), Dabangg 1, Dabangg 2, Swades, Ishqiya, Singham, Deool, Bol Bachchan, Zila Ghaziabad, Gulaab Gang, R Rajkumar, and Chennai Express, Bajirao Mastani. Others are Ardhasatya, 22 June 1897, Omkara (2006 film), Mrutyudand, Swades, Gangaajal, Dabangg and Gulaab Gang Sargam, Chennai Express were shot in Wai and the nearby villages of Dhom, Bavdhan, Chikhli, Menvali, Bhuinj, Pachwad and the surroundings of Dhom, Balakwadi, Jambhali and Nagewadi dams.

Temples
Temples built in the Wai area tend to be built in Hemādpanti-style architecture. Use of huge stone slabs is the major characteristic of Hemādpanti architecture.

Four temples are near Brahmanshahi ghat: Chakreshwar, Chimneshwar, Kaunteshwar/Harihareshwar and Kaleshwar. Govardhan Sanstha ghat has Krishna Mandir. Near Brhmanshahi there are Vitthal and Ganpati temples. Ramdoh ghat has Rameshwar temple, Ramkund and Chilavali Devi temple. Gangapuri ghat has Lord Shiva, Dwarka, Bahiroba, Dattatray Temple. Ganpati Aali ghat has Ganpati and Kashi Vishveshvar temples. In Dharma Puri are Lord Vishnu temple and Mahalaxmi temple. Rokdoba temple (maruti) is built by Ramdas Swami. Dholya Ganpati temple is one of Maharashtra's prime temples. The large idol of Lord Ganesh is on Krishna River's ghats.

Tourist spots

 * Wai Caves: nine Buddhist caves, situated at Lohare, 7 km north of Wai. The Chaitya hall contains stupa artifacts and has been converted into a Shiva temple.
 * Dholya Ganpati Mandir: This temple was built by Raste in the 18th century beside the Krishna River. Wai is the first holy place of pilgrims on Krishna.
 * Kashi Vishweshwar Mandir: Ancient temple of Lord Shiva. The main feature of this temple is the nandi, made by the same stone from which the idol of Mahaganapati was made. This Nandi was decorated by garlands and other jewelry. There is also a stone pendol.
 * Krishna Ghat: Site of many Hindu temples.
 * Dhundi Vinayak Ganpati Mandir: 11th century temple of Ganpati.
 * Bhiravnath Mandir Kikali: via Bhuinj and Chandan Vandan Fort. This temple is tremendous example of the ancient Vastushastra. Situated in the village Kikali, near Bhuinj at about 15 km from Wai.
 * Wakeshwar: This is the "Hemadpanthi" type temple of Lord Shiva, in Bavdhan village on the Krishna River.
 * Bhadreshwar: The temple of Mahadev Bhadreshwar in the Krishna River on Wai-Surur Road.
 * Sonjai: Temple of Goddess Sonjai and Kaleshwari on the hills of Sonjai in the village of Bavdhan. Hills on the main stream of the Sahyadries are about 2,000 feet tall.
 * Mandhardevi: Temple of Goddess Kalubai on the plateau of Mandhardevi, which is as high as Tableland of Pachgani.
 * Pandavgad: North side of Wai via Shelarwadi, known for pandava-caves, pandava's footprint of Bhim.
 * Lohare Palpeshwar Caves: It is 5 km north of Wai and 39 km from Satara. Known for its art. This is cave of God Shiv. This cave is an example of the anacient Vastushastra. Situated in the village Lohare, near Wai.
 * Kamalgad: It is 10 miles (16 km) west of Wai and 32 km from Satara. This fort sits in the middle of Dhom Dam.
 * Paga Talim: Afzal Khan kept his horses here when came to Wai. Locals also gave him key information about the Mahabaleshwar forest and surroundings.
 * Menawali: Birthplace of Nana Phadanvis, Peshwai administrator. The palace of Nana is in the menawali.
 * Palpeshwar: Known for its historical caves.
 * Panchgani: hill station.
 * Mahabaleshwar: hill station. With one of the few evergreen forests of India, it served as the summer capital of Bombay province during the British Raj.
 * Raste Wada in Motibag: ancient wada to visit.
 * Laxmibai Wada in Bavdhan: Birthplace of the Queen of Jhansi Rani Laxmibai's mother. Large palace in the Village Bavdhan. Also there are caves in the hill of PachiDeval, dug by the Pandavas during their Vanvaas.
 * Govardhan Sanstha (Goshala): This research institute, some 110 years old, launched a pioneer model project of electricity generation from cow dung. Institute's motto: not only is cow is sacred, she is useful in all aspects.
 * Dhom and Dhom Balakwadi dams: Dhom Dam is situated on the Krishna and Kamandalu rivers, with capacity of 14 T.M.C. Balakwadi Dam on the Krishna is 19 km from Wai. Capacity is 4.08 TMC.
 * Wind-power mill in Surur: Recent project in Shambhu Mahadev mountain range.
 * Boat riding at Dhom Dam in Boriv Village

Notable people

 * Vaman Pandit (1608–1695), Marathi poet
 * Nana Phadnavis (1742–1800), statesman of the Maratha empire
 * B. G. Shirke (1918–2010), founder of BG Shirke Construction Technology Private Limited
 * Laxman Shashtri Joshi (1901–1994), Sanskritist, Vedic scholar, thinker and Marathi writer, who established an encyclopedia in the Marathi language known as Marathi Vishwakosh
 * Shahir Sable (1923–2015), Marathi folk singer
 * Ruha Benjamin, sociologist and professor in the Department of African American Studies at Princeton University

title: Wai, Maharashtra


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Wikipedia talk:Dead external links/404/a

correct style for editing?
Hopefully I'm editing this properly. I've been doing strikethru for fixed links and signed comments in cases where I felt like additional commentary was called for. If people can suggest better techniques let me know. — AdamDiCarlo 20:31, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

I see you did not get a response. A related comment, if the site now works with no changes, I am striking out but not making any note, if I have to take an editing action I am noting what I did. So far, most work with no changes, where I am working. Did somebody go through this section but fail to indicate they had checked these? Doubt we will ever know...... SailorfromNH 23:32, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

Just a bit of info for anyone working on this page. The website www.reuters.com seems to take old news stories off the website. I have discovered this while working on these links. Grich, 14:04, 12 July 2006 (EST)

question...
I don't know where to fix these bad links, listed in this table. They are due to simple misspellings.

Geo Swan (talk) 17:18, 5 March 2008 (UTC)


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User talk:Reparaizins

Wazzup my Black brothers and sisters. It's time to take Wikipedia.org from whitey back to the motherland where all knowledge comes from (see Africa).

About me:

Bachelor's Degree in Africa-American Studies from Spelman College. Online African-American Blogger. Outspoken critic of Bush Administration's response to Hurrican Katrina. Lover of Truth and Wisdom. Hater of Racism and Bigotry.

Welcome to Wikipedia, and thanks for the contributions! We're always happy to have new Wikipedians with a serious interest in improving articles! As you can see, we're also very keen on maintaining a neutral point of view (or NPOV) in all articles. Unfortunately, some of your edits have not conformed to Wikipedia's NPOV policy, and have been reverted. There's a great article about the NPOV policy that has tips on how to effectively write about disparate points of view without compromising the NPOV status of the article as a whole. We thank you for your interest in helping Wikipedia to be well-rounded in its presentation of controversial subjects, and look forward to being able to fully incorporate your contributions! - jredmond 20:37, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Gaff talk 20:52, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Racism?
What are you talking about?? Why don't you keep your libel to minimum. --Holderca1 18:16, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Greetings, while I look forward to reading some of your contributions you might want to change the word "whitey" to "white" on your userpage. The term "whitey" is viewed as a derogatory term (see whitey), which directly conflicts with your statement of "Hater of Racism and Bigotry".
 * I'm pretty sure this guy is taking the piss, just look at this article. I was pretty sure to begin with but calling AOL a standard setter was what made me sure.--Grimboy 21:00, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Reparaizins


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Danny Flameblade

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 21:09, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Danny Flameblade
Appears to be contravene WP:NOR, WP:V. Character in fantasy tale, Ludiyan Fantasy, by one Danny Rolfe, google turns up one hit to geocities page, possibly the author's. See also this AFD. I think this may have been written by the author. Too obscure to satisfy WP:V, appears to have elements of original research. Delete. enceph alon  20:31, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom.--Isotope23 20:40, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom. See AfD for Ludiyan Fantasy. MCB 23:07, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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User talk:Ammsox

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Gaff talk 20:32, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Ammsox


text:
Australian Kriol

Australian Kriol also known as '''Roper
 River
Kriol,
 Fitzroy
 Valley
 Kriol,
Northern
Australian
 Creole or Aboriginal English''' is an English-based creole language that developed from a pidgin used initially in the region of Sydney and Newcastle in New South Wales, Australia, in the early days of European colonisation. Later, it was spoken by groups further west and north. The pidgin died out in most parts of the country, except in the Northern Territory, where the contact between European settlers, the Chinese and other Asians, and the Aboriginal Australians in the northern regions has maintained a vibrant use of the language, which is spoken by about 30,000 people. Despite its similarities to English in vocabulary, it has a distinct syntactic structure and grammar. It is a language in its own right and is distinct from Torres Strait Creole.

History
European settlement in the Northern Territory was attempted over a period of about forty years. Settlement finally succeeded in 1870 with the founding of Darwin, and an influx of both English and Chinese speakers followed. To communicate between both groups and the local Aboriginal people, pidgins developed throughout the territory based on Port Jackson Pidgin English (PJPE). By 1900 PJPE had developed into Northern Territory Pidgin English (NTPE) was widespread and well understood. Then by 1908 NTPE would creolize into Australian Kriol.

It creolized first in the Roper River Mission (Ngukurr), where cattle stations were established and a township developed.

During that period, relations between the native and European people were strained. Aboriginal people fiercely defended their lands. However, the control of lands was eventually seized by the settlers, when a cattle company acquired much of the area. The settlers became more determined to take full control of the land from the native people and carried out a campaign to do so.

The resettlements and land seizures nearly annihilated the indigenous population was a major factor in the development of the creole, as it created drastic social change.

Another factor in the development of Kriol was the establishment of a community of Anglican missionaries in the Roper River region in 1908. That brought together around 200 people from eight different aboriginal ethnic groups, who spoke different native languages, Although adult members of these groups were multilingual because of frequent meetings and ceremonies. Children from these groups were educated in English, necessitating use of a lingua franca. Children from these communities disseminates English features throughout their community.

Although the relations between the missionaries and Aboriginal people were friendly, the missionaries were not responsible for the development of Kriol. In fact, they tried to introduce Standard English as the official language for the mission, which the Aboriginal children used in class and with the missionaries, but Kriol still flourished.

Kriol was not recognised as a language until the 1970s, as it was regarded as a dialect of English, rather than a language in its own right.

Grammar
As a general rule the grammar of Kriol is a simplified version of that found in English. It has an SVO word order and similar to English, word order is used over inflections or subject object affixation or verbs to specify meaning. Kriol pronouns differentiate between different between first, second and third person, as well as between singular, plural, and dual plural inclusive and exclusive pronouns first person. They also differentiate between Subject, Object, Independent Pronoun, and Adnominal Possessive. There are also Reflexive and Reciprocal pronouns There is a large variety in the specific pronouns and they vary largely between dialects.

Contributing Languages
The primary contributing languages of Kriol is English but it contains influence from: Alawa, Marra, Ngalakgan, Wandarrang, Mangarrayi, Ngandi, Nunggubuyu, Jawoyn, Dalabon, Rembarrnga, Barunga, Beswick, Jaminjung, Ngarinyman, Wardaman, Walmatjari, Djaru, Miriwoong, and Gija.

Dialects
Dialects of Kriol include Roper River Kriol (Roper River Pidgin), Bamyili Creole (from the Barunga area), Barkly Kriol, Fitzroy Valley Kriol, and Daly River Kriol. Kriol is very widely spoken in the Katherine area, but there are minor differences between the varieties of Kriol spoken in particular areas. Some speakers of Kriol prefer to refer to their language by their unique name. However, the varieties are quite similar. Debate is ongoing about whether the varieties should be named differently to highlight their different social significance, or the varieties should all be lumped into one big category of Kriol.

The differences are not actually that large. Mari Rhydwen compares the distinction to the distinction between American and British English.

Roper River (Ngukurr) Kriol is also spoken in Barunga, and in the Daly River area, a mutually-intelligible variety is spoken, but Daly River speakers do not consider themselves to be Kriol speakers. There is the question of whether the varieties should be understood as different forms of Kriol to strengthen the identities of the respective region, or they all should be seen as Kriol and potentially have a better chance of funding for bilingual education programs.

Creolization
There is also a creole language based off a mix of Kriol and Gurndji called Gurndji Creole

Status
A problem facing many communities in Northern Australia is that creole-speaking children are treated as if they speak English badly and so they do not receive education in English as a second language. On the other hand, because they are not regarded as having a native mother tongue, they are denied access to education in their traditional language.

The only official bilingual language program in Kriol is at Barunga, which was established during the Whitlam government, and has successfully included Kriol as both a medium and an object of study. Funding is scarce for any further development of programs. Although Kriol is widely spoken, its literal translation is minimal, with the exception of the Bible, and stories produced for the bilingual program which are available through the Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages. This means that literacy rates of Kriol are quite low. Apart from practical implications of that, especially if English literacy is also low (i.e., written communication, education opportunities), it means that traditional stories are either not recorded in written form, or the Ngukurr people must rely on texts from Barunga, which may lessen the identity distinction between the two groups. However, Aboriginal cultures are not traditionally rooted in written records and so the lack of written versions of texts may be a function of the oral nature of Aboriginal storytelling.

Bible Translation
On 5 May 2007, the first complete edition of the Bible in the Kriol language was launched at Katherine in the Northern Territory. Translation took over 29 years. It was undertaken by a team of native Kriol speakers led by Rev. Canon Gumbuli Wurrumara and specialists from the Society for Australian Indigenous Languages.

The Kriol Bible is the first complete edition of the Bible in any indigenous Australian language. The publication was a joint venture of The Bible Society, Lutheran Bible Translators, The Church Missionary Society, the Anglican church, Wycliffe Bible Translators, and the Australian Society of Indigenous Languages.

Online
Online there are several videos and texts available in Kriol, as well as resources for learning the language. There is also currently an Australian Kriol Wikipedia currently on the Wikimedia Incubator.

title: Australian Kriol


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Talk:THEOS

I am probably going to be touching on the Theo de Raadt versus Theos thing, where Theos tried to pressure de Raadt into giving up the theos.com domain. This is sorta a mix of self reminder and warning for others incase they want to contribute to the information for this, which will be covered a little under this article and a little under the Theo de Raadt article. Janizary 20:33, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Reads like a marketing brochure. Can anyone add some balance to this article?

I have removed the gross misleading figure of the number of users. Recent independent reports from CMP and VDC/EG3 paint a very different picture where THEOS is relatively unheard of. I suggest they may be referring to the number of devices rather than actual users and developers, typical marketing spin. I also have removed the multiple links to all Theos' websites, another typical marketing ruse - one is sufficient. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ams001 (talk • contribs) 11:50, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

I'm a THEOS employee and despite it sounds as a brochure, the information is accurate. The theos.com, happened in the 80's and actually has nothing to do with today's company. Any information you would like to ask please email me at andres[]theos.us I would like to see the information expanded. Thanks Andrestheos 07:55, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

POV Tag
I'm doing NPOV tag cleanup. Whenever an NPOV tag is placed, it is necessary to also post a message in the discussion section stating clearly why it is thought the article does not comply with POV guidelines, and suggestions for how to improve it. This permits discussion and consensus among editors. This is a drive-by tag, which is discouraged in WP, and it shall be removed. Future tags should have discussion posted as to why the tag was placed, and how the topic might be improved. Better yet, edit the topic yourself with the improvements. Jjdon (talk) 22:11, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

THE OS
THEOS is also the acronym for the Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven Operating System, which used to run on Burroughs mainframe systems in the 1970's and was quite famous in scientific circles at the time. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.27.118.46 (talk) 18:16, 16 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Fixed the distinguish hatnote so that the THEOS operating system is distinguished from THE OS, which is described at THE multiprogramming system. Klbrain (talk) 14:08, 24 January 2018 (UTC)

Merge
OASIS operating system seems to be just an older name for THEOS and hence the 2016 proposal to merge the two pages seems reasonable to me. Klbrain (talk) 14:11, 24 January 2018 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 22:09, 19 February 2018 (UTC)

about the "agreement" between Microsoft and Altos
"That led to the agreement between Microsoft and Altos to make a commercial usable version of the only academically available operating system UNIX 7 from Bell Labs, which they called Xenix.[dubious – discuss]" I'm kinda surprised no one has actually commented about this. https://groups.google.com/g/net.news.newsite/c/-5ITnc4bxLg/m/cBVCOY4DONoJ is an announcement by Eric of Altos announcing Xenix for 8086 and "will have a M68000 UNIX system later this year" There seems to be nothing about an "academically available". Microsoft actually arranged for this system with Santa Cruz Operations(which went on to sue Linux for copyright infringement many years later). I found much at http://www.softpanorama.org/People/Torvalds/Finland_period/xenix_microsoft_shortlived_love_affair_with_unix.shtml. Also https://landley.net/history/mirror/ms/microsoft.html At the birth of Xenix, AT&T was trying to make UNIX System V a commercial product, less an "academic" one, and colleges and universities switched to Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). That was happening at the same time as SCO, which consisted of only Larry Michels and his son Doug Michels at the time, was working on Xenix, and apparently the first target, or at least the first platform Xenix worked on was the "Altos 586". (I'm not going to cite all of these statements, too many dead links anyways... I leave that to a future editor of the article) https://web.archive.org/web/20140620173649/http://minnie.tuhs.org/pipermail/pups/1997-October/000020.html "12/08/81   Microsoft and SCO signed a letter of intent for SCO to be a second-source of XENIX" I'm guessing all this got confused and merged together. MS made an agreement with "SCO" about Xenix. Altos was the first computer company to get Xenix (remember up until this point MicroSoft was mostly a seller of "Microsoft Basic" to very many computer platforms. They had no fear of MS as a monopolistic OS company. "System V" was not "academic", BSD would more accurately be described that way. I believe AT&T (not its subsidiary Bell Labs) suddenly started charging close to 10 times its previous licensing price. And this backfired quite badly, and schools especially switched to BSD, and this history would later be important and much quoted by the "Free Software Movement" and Linux (which would be more closely associated with the "Open Source" offshoot without Stallman's leadership.)

title: Talk:THEOS


text:
User:Minyin~enwiki

Who am I
I am from Taipei, Taiwan.

I have both English and Chinese accounts.

title: User:Minyin~enwiki


text:
Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua

The Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua ("Valencian Academy of the Language"), also known by the acronym AVL, is an institution created on September 16, 1998, by the Valencian Parliament, which belongs to the set of official institutions that compose the Generalitat Valenciana, according to the Act of Autonomy of the Valencian Community.

Its primary function is to determine and set the official standards for the Valencian language as used in the Valencian Community (known in other territories as Catalan), and foster its use. According to its foundational law, the AVL linguistic regulations for Valencian must follow current Valencian genuine linguistic reality, respect Valencian lexicographic and literary tradition and start from the consolidated regulations based upon the Normes de Castelló, a set of orthographic rules for Valencian signed in 1932.

The headquarters of the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua are in Valencia. In addition this variety of the language follows the pattern of Pompeu Fabra standards who standardized the Catalan language in Catalonia. The AVL linguistic rule does not differ a great deal from the IEC (Institute for Catalan Studies) standards. Nevertheless, AVL grammar (Gramàtica normativa valenciana) includes some specific features of Valencian syntax, and its dictionary (Diccionari normatiu valencià) contains thousands of words which are specific for the Valencian variety, as well as Valencian specific verb conjugation and some accent marks which differ from the Catalan language in Catalonia.

title: Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua


text:
Stagehand

A stagehand is a person who works backstage or behind the scenes in theatres, film, television, or location performance. Their work include setting up the scenery, lights, sound, props, rigging, and special effects for a production.

General
Stagehands are usually skilled in multiple disciplines, including rigging, carpentry, painting, stage electrics, stage lighting, audio, video/projection, and props. Stagehands are often responsible for operating the systems during shows or taping and also for the repair and maintenance of the equipment. Most stagehands have a general knowledge of all the phases of a production, but tend to develop specialties and focus on specific areas.

Riggers are in charge of the things that hang. This may include building structures that are tens of stories high. They use safety gear similar to that used for mountain climbing.

Carpenters construct and set up scenery. They may also move scenery on stage during a show.

Electricians, or more commonly known as "Lighting technicians", set up all the lights, program the light design in the lighting console and run the follow spot (what people often call a spotlight). Audio and Video departments fall under the Electricians label.

Stagehands are generally employed on a show-by-show basis, although most major theaters and studios maintain staff heads of departments and assistants. Often, they are union members, typically part of the I.A.T.S.E. in North America or ABTT in the UK.

Challenges
Stagehands may work in many venues, including both large and small traditional theatrical spaces, convention centers, outdoor venues, concert arenas, film sets, television studios and others. Skilled stagehands know how to work in a wide range of theaters and other venues to support successful shows.

Different disciplines experience different risks. The most serious injury risk for riggers is falling. The primary risks for carpenters are things falling on them or being injured by power tools. Electrocution is the most serious risk for stagehands working with lighting or power.

When a show travels or goes on tour, some stagehands travel with the show (sometimes known as the road crew for a show) and others work to support the shows at each new venue (sometimes known as the local crew). Usually everything the show needs is transported from venue to venue in trucks. Local stagehands load-in a tour under the direction of the road crew, also known as roadies.

After the show, which can be one day or as long as a month, they take it all apart and load back onto the fleet of trucks to haul it to the next city.

When a show is produced locally, stagehands build and set up the scenery, hang all the lights, and set up sound systems. Stagehands work closely with the directors, lighting designers, set designers, costume designers, and sound designers to ensure their visions are realized.

Some stagehands work conventional hours but more often they work nights and weekends. Employment can be intermittent due largely to the seasonal nature of theatrical production work. Many production companies and venues have union contracts. Stagehands in the United States and Canada are represented by the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees. In smaller productions, stagehands are not all paid, many are volunteers, theatre students or unpaid interns.

Types of stagehand

 * Head
 * Professional Stagehands
 * Audio engineer (A1)
 * Assistant audio (A2)
 * Video engineer
 * Electricians
 * Lighting technician
 * Light board operator
 * Followspot operator
 * Carpenters
 * Theatrical technician
 * Property Master/Mistress
 * Rigger
 * Wardrobe/costume quick changers
 * Deck Audio
 * Deck Carpentry
 * Deck Lighting (Deck LX)
 * Stage Manager
 * Assistant Stage Manager
 * Utility
 * Projectionist
 * Grip (job)

title: Stagehand


text: Talk:Shane Hall

title: Talk:Shane Hall


text:
Figueroa Street Tunnels

The Figueroa Street Tunnels are a set of four four-lane tunnels that carry northbound traffic on State Route 110 (the Arroyo Seco Parkway) through Elysian Park in Los Angeles, California, United States. From south to north, the four tunnels measure 755, 461, 130, and 405 feet (230, 141, 40, and 123 m) in length, 46.5 feet (14 m) in width, and 28.3 ft (8.6 m) in height.

The north three tunnels opened in 1931 as a bypass to a section of North Broadway; the southernmost (and longest) opened in 1935, connecting to Figueroa Street downtown. In 1943, the Figueroa Street Viaduct was built to the north of the tunnels. This dedicated the tunnels to 4 lanes of eastward traffic, and the viaduct to 4 lanes of westward traffic. Several connections have been added to the street, most notably in 1940 to the Arroyo Seco Parkway and in 1953 to the Four Level Interchange.

The tunnels were designed by engineer Merrill Butler, who was responsible for many iconic Los Angeles River bridges - notably the Sixth Street Viaduct and the Glendale-Hyperion Bridge. The tunnels featured Art Deco patterns, ornamental street lamps, reflective tiling (similar to the 2nd Street Tunnel), and above all eight openings, a stylized Seal of Los Angeles.

Traffic through the tunnels is heavy at almost all times of day. At the north end of the tunnels is an interchange with Interstate 5 (Golden State Freeway), in which the leftmost lane makes a hard turn onto the offramp. There are also sharp exit and entrance ramps, on the right lane, at Solano Avenue after the first tunnel. Since the tunnels' incorporation into Arroyo Seco Parkway (now SR 110), Figueroa Street has been discontinuous. It merges into SR 110 at Alpine Street in Chinatown, south of the tunnels, and splits in Highland Park, north of the Figueroa Street Viaduct over the Los Angeles River.

History
Circa 1911, traffic between Los Angeles and Pasadena crossed the Los Angeles River on the congested North Broadway Bridge, the largest concrete bridge in California at the time. The Dayton Avenue Bridge provided another crossing to the north, but the hills of Elysian Park prevented it from being connected to downtown. The north three tunnels opened by November 1, 1931, connecting to North Broadway on the south via Solano Avenue and Riverside Drive on the north. Riverside Drive was an earlier high-speed road along the Los Angeles River to Burbank, and also intersected the Dayton Avenue Bridge, which led to Dayton Avenue (now part of Figueroa Street) towards Pasadena. From opening, the tunnels carried two lanes in each direction, with a 5-foot (1.5 m) sidewalk on the side.

The fourth tunnel opened on August 4, 1936, continuing the route south and southwest to Figueroa Street at Alpine Street. (Bridges over Figueroa Street on Temple Street and First Street were built in 1940, further improving that entrance to downtown.) The Figueroa Street Viaduct opened in 1937, providing a wider and direct Los Angeles River crossing than the Dayton Avenue Bridge. After passing over the river and San Fernando Road, it tied into Dayton Avenue (Figueroa Street) south of Avenue 26. The Arroyo Seco Parkway opened in late 1940 as a freeway from the Viaduct to Pasadena. However, the six-lane parkway narrowed to four lanes at the viaduct and through the tunnels, and had a number of at-grade intersections on its way downtown.

The Southerly Extension of the Arroyo Seco Parkway supplemented the Figueroa Street Viaduct and Tunnels with a new southbound roadway to the west, and converted Figueroa Street to freeway standards south to Adobe Street. The new Los Angeles River Bridge left the existing road north of the original viaduct terminus at Figueroa Street, and crossed over the ramp to Figueroa Street, the Los Angeles River, and the northbound exit to Riverside Drive (now a ramp to Interstate 5 north, although Riverside Drive is still accessible from this ramp). Through Elysian Park, it was built higher than the tunnels, with open-cuts through the ridges through which the older tunnels were built, and viaducts over the valleys between the ridges. South of the southernmost tunnel, the older road was widened and upgraded to freeway standards south to Adobe Street. This new road opened December 30, 1943. A further extension was completed on September 22, 1953 to the Four Level Interchange with U.S. Route 101 (Santa Ana Freeway and Hollywood Freeway).

The tunnels (and Figueroa Street north of them) were part of pre-1964 Legislative Route 165, defined in 1933. By 1942, U.S. Route 6, U.S. Route 66, U.S. Route 99 and State Route 11 were signed through them. US 66 continued along the Arroyo Seco Parkway, while US 6 and US 99 turned northwest on San Fernando Road via Figueroa Street and Avenue 26, and SR 11 exited at Figueroa Street to run to Pasadena with U.S. Route 66 Alternate. US 99 moved to the new Golden State Freeway, bypassing the tunnels with Interstate 5, when it opened in 1962. US 6 and US 66 were removed from the Los Angeles area in the 1964 renumbering, leaving only SR 11 through the tunnels (and on the Parkway after 1964). SR 11 became State Route 110 in 1981, when the Harbor Freeway section of it became Interstate 110.

In April, 2008, retrofitting of the tunnel lighting was completed, replacing the tandem fluorescent lighting arrangement in place since 1964, with a more efficient lighting array.

In popular culture
Featured in the 1971 film Duel, in the begin credits sequence.

Seen in the end credits of the 1995 PlayStation video game Twisted Metal

In the 2005 film Rumor Has It…, three of the characters hold their breaths while driving through the tunnels.

At Disney's Hollywood Studios at Walt Disney World, a replica of the tunnel is used as the gateway from the Grand Avenue area to Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge.

title: Figueroa Street Tunnels


text:
Gracilaria

Gracilaria, also known as irish moss or ogonori, is a genus of red algae in the family Gracilariaceae. It is notable for its economic importance as an agarophyte meaning that it is used to make agar, as well as its use as a food for humans and various species of shellfish. Various species in the genus are cultivated among Asia, South America, Africa and Oceania. They produce over 90% of the world's agar.

Taxonomy
Gracilaria contains the following subtaxa:

 * Gracilaria abbottiana M.D.Hoyle
 * Gracilaria abyssalis Gurgel & Yoneshigue-Valentin
 * Gracilaria aculeata (Hering) Papenfuss
 * Gracilaria aggregata Hooker f. & Harvey
 * Gracilaria ambigua Greville
 * Gracilaria apiculata P.Crouan & H.Crouan
 * Gracilaria apiculata subsp. candelabriformis Gurgel, Fredericq & J.N.Norris
 * Gracilaria apiculifera J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria arcuata f. rhizophora Børgesen
 * Gracilaria arcuata var. attenuata Umamaheswara Rao
 * Gracilaria arcuata var. snackeyi Weber Bosse
 * Gracilaria arcuata Zanardini
 * Gracilaria armata (C.Agardh) Greville
 * Gracilaria articulata C.F.Chang & B.M.Xia
 * Gracilaria ascidiicola E.Y.Dawson
 * Gracilaria attenuata (M.Umamaheswara Rao) V.Krishnamurthy
 * Gracilaria austromaritima Przhemenstskaya
 * Gracilaria babae (H.Yamamoto) P.-K. Ng, P.-E. Lim & S.-M. Phang
 * Gracilaria baiana Lyra, Gurgel, M.C.Oliveira & Nunes
 * Gracilaria beckeri (J.Agardh) Papenfuss
 * Gracilaria birdiae E.M.Plastino & E.C.Oliveira
 * Gracilaria blodgettii Harvey
 * Gracilaria brasiliensis Gurgel & Yoneshigue-Valentin
 * Gracilaria brevis W.R.Taylor
 * Gracilaria bursa-pastoris (S.G.Gmelin) P.C.Silva
 * Gracilaria camerunensis Pilger
 * Gracilaria canaliculata Sonder
 * Gracilaria capensis F.Schmitz ex Mazza
 * Gracilaria capitata Zanardini
 * Gracilaria cearensis (A.B.Joly & Pinheiro) A.B.Joly & Pinheiro
 * Gracilaria cerrosiana W.R.Taylor
 * Gracilaria cervicornis (Turner) J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria changii (B.M.Xia & I.A.Abbott) I.A.Abbott, J.Zhang & B.M.Xia
 * Gracilaria chilensis C.J.Bird, McLachlan & E.C.Oliveira
 * Gracilaria chondracantha (Kützing) A.J.K.Millar
 * Gracilaria chondroides (Kützing) P.Crouan & H.Crouan
 * Gracilaria chorda var. exilis Yamamoto
 * Gracilaria chouae Zhang & B.M.Xia
 * Gracilaria cliftonii Withell, A.J.K.Millar & Kraft
 * Gracilaria comosa Withell, A.J.K.Millar & Kraft
 * Gracilaria compressa var. lyra J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria conferta (Schousboe ex Montagne) Montagne
 * Gracilaria confervoides f. ecortica V.M.May
 * Gracilaria confervoides var. ramulosa Kützing
 * Gracilaria coppejansii Muangmai, Lewmanomont, Prathep, Terada & Zuccarello
 * Gracilaria corallicola Zanardini
 * Gracilaria cornea J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria corniculata (C.Agardh) J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria coronopifolia J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria corticata (J.Agardh) J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria corticata var. cylindrica Umamaheswara Rao
 * Gracilaria corticata var. linearis J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria corticata var. ramalinioides J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria corymbiata (N.Rodríguez de Rios) E.K.Ganesan
 * Gracilaria crassa f. conglomerata Børgesen
 * Gracilaria crassissima (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) P.Crouan & H.Crouan
 * Gracilaria crispata Setchell & Gardner
 * Gracilaria crockeri E.Y.Dawson
 * Gracilaria cuneata Areschoug
 * Gracilaria cuneifolia (Okamura) I.K.Lee & Kurogi
 * Gracilaria curtissiae J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria cylindrica Børgesen
 * Gracilaria damicornis J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria dawsonii Hoyle
 * Gracilaria debilis (Forsskål) Børgesen
 * Gracilaria dendroides Gargiulo, De Masi & Tripodi
 * Gracilaria denticulata F.Schmitz ex Mazza
 * Gracilaria disputabilis (M.Bodard) M.Bodard
 * Gracilaria disticha (J.Agardh) J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria divaricata Harvey
 * Gracilaria divergens (C.Agardh) J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria domingensis (Kützing) Sonder ex Dickie
 * Gracilaria dotyi Hoyle
 * Gracilaria dumosa Harvey & Bailey
 * Gracilaria dura (C.Agardh) J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria dura f. prolificans Reinbold
 * Gracilaria dura var. fruticosa J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria ecuadoreana (W.R.Taylor) E.Y.Dawson
 * Gracilaria edulis (S.G.Gmelin) P.C.Silva
 * Gracilaria ephemera Skelton, G.R.South & A.J.K.Millar
 * Gracilaria epihippisora Hoyle
 * Gracilaria excavata (Setchell & Gardner) G.M.Lyra, C.Iha, M.C. Oliveira, J.M.C.Nunes
 * Gracilaria falconii Ardito, Núñez-Resendiz, Dreckmann & Sentíes
 * Gracilaria fanii B.M.Xia & Pan
 * Gracilaria ferox J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria firma C.F.Chang & B.-M.Xia
 * Gracilaria fisheri (B.M.Xia & I.A.Abbott) I.A.Abbott, J.Zhang & B.M.Xia
 * Gracilaria flabelliformis (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) Fredericq & Gurgel
 * Gracilaria flabelliformis subsp. aionana Gurgel, Fredericq & J.N.Norris
 * Gracilaria flabelliformis subsp. simplex Gurgel, Fredericq & J.N.Norris
 * Gracilaria flagelliformis (Sonder) Womersley
 * Gracilaria flexuosa E.M.Holmes
 * Gracilaria foliifera (Forsskål) Børgesen
 * Gracilaria foliifera f. granatea (J.V.Lamouroux) Børgesen
 * Gracilaria fruticosa Harvey
 * Gracilaria galetensis Gurgel, Fredericq, & J.N.Norris
 * Gracilaria gardneri (Setchell) Gurgel, J.N.Norris & Fredericq
 * Gracilaria gigartinoides (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) P.Crouan & H.Crouan
 * Gracilaria gigas Harvey
 * Gracilaria glomerata Zhang & B.M.Xia
 * Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) Steentoft, L.M.Irvine & Farnham
 * Gracilaria gurgelii Freshwater
 * Gracilaria hainanensis C.F.Chang & B.M.Xia
 * Gracilaria halogenea A.J.K.Millar
 * Gracilaria hancockii E.Y.Dawson
 * Gracilaria hauckii P.C.Silva
 * Gracilaria hayi Gurgel, Fredericq & J.N.Norris
 * Gracilaria hermonii Millar
 * Gracilaria heteroclada (Montagne) J.Feldmann & G.Feldmann
 * Gracilaria hikkaduwensis Durairatnam
 * Gracilaria howensis A.H.S.Lucas
 * Gracilaria huangii S.-M.Lin & De Clerck
 * Gracilaria hummii Hommersand & Freshwater
 * Gracilaria incrustata J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria incurvata Okamura
 * Gracilaria indica M.Umamaheswara Rao
 * Gracilaria intermedia J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria intermedia subsp. ganesanana Gurgel, Fredericq & J.Norris
 * Gracilaria isabellana Gurgel, Fredericq & J.N.Norris
 * Gracilaria kanyakumariensis Umamaheswara Rao
 * Gracilaria khanjanapajiae Saengkaew, Muangmai & Zuccarello
 * Gracilaria kilakkaraiensis V.Krishnamurthy & Rajendran
 * Gracilaria lacerata Setchell & N.L.Gardner
 * Gracilaria lantaensis Muangmai, Zuccarello, Noiraksa & Lewmanomont
 * Gracilaria latifrons P.Crouan & H.Crouan
 * Gracilaria longa Gargiulo, De Masi & Tripodi
 * Gracilaria longirostris Zhang & Wang
 * Gracilaria mammillaris (Montagne) M.Howe
 * Gracilaria manilaensis Yamamoto & Trono
 * Gracilaria mannarensis Umamaheswara Rao
 * Gracilaria maramae G.R.South
 * Gracilaria marcialana E.Y.Dawson
 * Gracilaria mayae A.J.K.Millar
 * Gracilaria megaspora (E.Y.Dawson) Papenfuss
 * Gracilaria mexicana (Kützing) P.Crouan & H.Crouan
 * Gracilaria microcarpa Dreckmann, Núñez-Resendiz & Sentíes
 * Gracilaria microdendron J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria millardetii (Montagne) J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria millardetii f. crenulata J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria millardetii f. exposita Børgesen
 * Gracilaria millardetii f. latifolia Børgesen
 * Gracilaria millardetii f. linearifolia J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria minor (Sonder) Durairatnam
 * Gracilaria minuta Lewmanomont
 * Gracilaria mixta I.A.Abbott, J.Zhang & B.M.Xia
 * Gracilaria multifurcata Børgesen
 * Gracilaria multipartita (Clemente) Harvey
 * Gracilaria multipartita f. prolifera E.S.Sinova
 * Gracilaria multipartita f. supernediliatata E.S.Sinova
 * Gracilaria multipartita var. crispa (Clemente) Cremades
 * Gracilaria multipartita var. elongata (Clemente) Cremades
 * Gracilaria occidentalis (Børgesen) M.Bodard
 * Gracilaria oliveirarum Gurgel, Fredericq & J.N.Norris
 * Gracilaria opuntia Durairatnam
 * Gracilaria ornata Areschoug
 * Gracilaria pachydermatica Setchell & N.L.Gardner
 * Gracilaria pacifica I.A.Abbott
 * Gracilaria palmettoides P.Crouan & H.Crouan
 * Gracilaria papenfussii I.A.Abbott
 * Gracilaria parva Freshwater, B.Williamson, P.W.Gabrielson & Margarita Brandt
 * Gracilaria parvispora I.A.Abbott
 * Gracilaria patens P.Crouan & H.Crouan
 * Gracilaria pauciramosa (N.Rodríguez de Ríos) A.M.Bellorin, M.C.Oliveira, & E.C.Oliveira
 * Gracilaria percurrens (I.A.Abbott) I.A.Abbott
 * Gracilaria perplexa K.Byrne & Zuccarello
 * Gracilaria peruana Piccone & Grunow
 * Gracilaria phuquocensis N.H.Le, N.Muangmai & G.C.Zuccarello
 * Gracilaria pinnata Setchell & N.L.Gardner
 * Gracilaria preissiana (Sonder) Womersley
 * Gracilaria prolifica (Kützing) P.Crouan & H.Crouan
 * Gracilaria protea J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria pudumadamensis V.Krishnamurthy & N.R.Rajendran
 * Gracilaria pulvinata Skottsberg
 * Gracilaria punctata (Okamura) Yamada
 * Gracilaria pygmaea Børgesen
 * Gracilaria ramisecunda E.Y.Dawson
 * Gracilaria ramulosa (Martius) Greville
 * Gracilaria rangiferina (Kützing) Piccone
 * Gracilaria reptans (Weber Bosse) P.C.Silva
 * Gracilaria rhodocaudata Yamamoto & Kudo
 * Gracilaria rhodymenioides A.J.K.Millar
 * Gracilaria robusta Setchell
 * Gracilaria rubra C.F.Chang & B.M.Xia
 * Gracilaria rubrimembra E.Y.Dawson
 * Gracilaria salicornia (C.Agardh) E.Y.Dawson
 * Gracilaria salzmannii Bornet ex Möbius
 * Gracilaria secunda (C.Agardh) Zanardini
 * Gracilaria secundata Harvey
 * Gracilaria secundata Setchell & N.L.Gardner
 * Gracilaria shimodensis Terada, R.& Yamamoto, H.
 * Gracilaria silviae Lyra, Gurgel, M.C.Oliveira & J.M.C.Nunes
 * Gracilaria skottsbergii W.R.Taylor
 * Gracilaria spinigera E.Y.Dawson
 * Gracilaria spinuligera Børgesen
 * Gracilaria spinulosa (Okamura) Chang & B.-M.Xia
 * Gracilaria srilankia (C.F.Chang & B.M.Xia) A.F.Withell, A.J.K.Millar & Kraft
 * Gracilaria stellata I.A.Abbott, Zhang & B.M.Xia
 * Gracilaria stipitata A.F.Withell, A.J.K.Millar & Kraft
 * Gracilaria sublittoralis Yamada & Segawa ex H.Yamamoto
 * Gracilaria subsecundata Setchell & N.L.Gardner
 * Gracilaria subtilis (B.M.Xia & I.A.Abbott) B.M.Xia & I.A.Abbott
 * Gracilaria sullivanii Yamamoto & Trono
 * Gracilaria suzanneae L.P.Soares, C.F.D.Gurgel & M.T.Fujii
 * Gracilaria symmetrica E.Y.Dawson
 * Gracilaria taiwanensis S.-M.Lin, L.-C.Liu & Payri
 * Gracilaria tenuissima Croaun & Crouan
 * Gracilaria tenuistipitata C.F.Chang & B.-M.Xia
 * Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui Zhang & Xia
 * Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. tenuistipitata C.F.Chang & B.M.Xia
 * Gracilaria tepocensis (E.Y.Dawson) E.Y.Dawson
 * Gracilaria textorii (Suringar) Hariot
 * Gracilaria textorii f. tenuis V.May
 * Gracilaria textorii var. cunninghamii (Farlow) E.Y.Dawson
 * Gracilaria tikvahiae McLachlan
 * Gracilaria transtasmanica (M.Preuss, N.Muangmai and Zuccarello) G. M.Lyra, C.Iha, J.M.C.Nunes, C.C.Davis
 * Gracilaria tridactylites P.Crouan & H.Crouan ex J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria truncata Kraft
 * Gracilaria tsudae (I.A.Abbott & I.Meneses) I.A.Abbott
 * Gracilaria tuberculosa (Hampe ex Kützing) J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria turgida E.Y.Dawson
 * Gracilaria tuticorinensis V.Krishnamurthy & Rajendran
 * Gracilaria urvillei (Montagne) I.A.Abbott
 * Gracilaria usneoides (C.Agardh) J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria usneoides var. succosa J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria vanbosseae (I.A.Abbott) I.A.Abbott
 * Gracilaria veloroae E.Y.Dawson
 * Gracilaria venezuelensis W.R.Taylor
 * Gracilaria vermiculata P.J.L.Dangeard
 * Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss
 * Gracilaria vermiculophylla var. zhengii (J.F.Zhang & B.M.Xia) Yoshida
 * Gracilaria verrucosa var. procerrima (Esper) M.P.Reis
 * Gracilaria verrucosa var. ramulosa (C.Agardh) M.P.Reis
 * Gracilaria vieillardii P.C.Silva
 * Gracilaria vieirae M.P.Reis
 * Gracilaria viridis A.Sfriso, M.A.Wolf, K.Sciuto, M.Morabito, C.Andreoli & I.Moro
 * Gracilaria vivesii M.Howe
 * Gracilaria webervanbosseae Huisman & G.W.Saunders
 * Gracilaria wrightii (Turner) J.Agardh
 * Gracilaria xiae-abbotii G.M.Lyra, J.M.C.Nunes & C.C.Davis
 * Gracilaria yamamotoi Zhang & B.M.Xia
 * Gracilaria yinggehaiensis Xia & Wang
 * Gracilaria yoneshigueana Gurgel, Fredericq & J.N.Norris S

Distribution
Gracilaria are found in warm waters throughout the world, though they also occur seasonally in temperate waters. It can not tolerate temperatures below 10 °C. Gracilaria are found in all oceans except the Arctic. Their center of diversity is the Western Pacific, where they have been traditionally cultivated as a source of agar.

Use
Gracilaria is used as a food in Filipino, Hawaiian, Japanese, Korean and Sri Lankan cuisines. In Japanese cuisine, it is called ogonori or ogo. In the Philippines, it is called gulaman and used to make a gelatin substitute. In Jamaica, it is known as Irish moss. In Korea, it is known as kkosiraegi.

Gracilaria oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization 6 prepared by agarase digestion from agar-bearing Gracilaria sp. polysaccharides have been shown to be an effective prophylactic agent during in vitro and in vivo experiments against Japanese encephalitis viral infection. The sulfated oligosaccharides from Gracilaria sp. seem to be promising candidates for further development as antiviral agents.

In the Philippines, Gracilaria have been harvested and used as food for centuries, eaten both fresh or sun-dried and turned into jellies. The earliest historical attestation is from the Vocabulario de la lengua tagala (1754) by the Jesuit priests Juan de Noceda and Pedro de Sanlucar, where golaman or gulaman was defined as "una yerva, de que se haze conserva a modo de Halea, naze en la mar" ("an herb, from which a jam-like preserve is made, grows in the sea"), with an additional entry for guinolaman to refer to food made with the jelly.

In Japan, Gracilaria has been used to produce funori (府海苔), an agar-based glue, since the 17th century.

In Sri Lanka, Gracilaria has been used to make a seaweed soup that also incorporates coconut cream and lime. It is also used to create seaweed jelly, a local sweetmeat in the Puttalam District of northwestern Sri Lanka.

Aquarium trade
Gracilaria commonly appears as a macroalgae for sale in the aquarium trade. It is highly palatable to tangs and many other herbivorous fish, and its nutrient uptake ability makes it a suitable choice for a refugium.

Ecology
Gracilaria are susceptible to infection by the parasitic oomycete Pythium porphyrae. Reproduction by Gracilaria gracilis is supported by Idotea balthica – the first known case of an animal helping algae reproduce.

title: Gracilaria


text:
Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy

"Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy" (also known as "Chattanooga Shoe Shine Boy") is a popular song written by Harry Stone and Jack Stapp and published in 1950. It is the signature song of Red Foley who recorded it in late 1949. The song has been covered by many artists, including Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, and Faron Young who scored a hit with the song in 1959.

Many versions of the song charted in 1950, but the most successful was by Red Foley, whose recording, produced by Owen Bradley at the Castle Studio in Nashville, was released by Decca Records as catalog number 46205. The record first reached the Billboard charts on January 13, 1950, and lasted 15 weeks on the chart, peaking at number one. Foley's recording also went to number one on the country chart and stayed at the top spot for three months. It featured guitarist Grady Martin.

Other charting versions were recorded by Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Phil Harris, Bradford & Romano and Bill Darnel. The Crosby recording was made on January 3, 1950 and was released by Decca Records as catalog number 24863. The record first reached the Billboard charts on February 4, 1950, and lasted 13 weeks on the chart, peaking at number four.

The Sinatra recording was released by Columbia Records as catalog number 38708. The record first reached the Billboard charts on March 10, 1950, and lasted one week on the chart, at number 24.

The Harris recording was released by RCA Victor Records as a 78 rpm single (catalog number 20-3692) and a 45 rpm single (catalog number 47-3216). The record first reached the Billboard charts on March 17, 1950, and lasted two weeks on the chart, peaking at No. 26.

The Darnel recording was released by Coral Records as catalog number 60147. The record first reached the Billboard charts on March 3, 1950, and lasted one week on the chart, at No. 26.

Other versions

 * Pat Boone on the album Howdy! 1957.
 * Freddy Cannon recorded it for his debut 1960 album The Explosive Freddy Cannon. As a single from the album, it charted at #34 on the Billboard Hot 100 on March 19, 1960.

title: Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy


text: User talk:68.2.50.60

title: User talk:68.2.50.60


text:
Josh Gibson Field

Josh Gibson Field is a baseball venue located in the Hill District of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The field was known as Ammon Field or sometimes Ammons Field until 2008, when it was renamed for Baseball Hall of Fame player Josh Gibson.

Gibson began his career at Ammon Field in 1929 while playing with the Pittsburgh Crawfords, and continued playing there, as the Crawfords and Homestead Grays regularly played at Ammon. Known as the "black Babe Ruth," Gibson was a leading home run hitter until his death from a stroke in 1947 at age 35. In 1972, he became the second Negro leagues player inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

Originally a youth semi-pro team, the Crawfords eventually played at Ammon Field, earned a strong reputation and attracted games with many white teams. W.O.W., the defending champions of the white Greater Pittsburgh Semipro Tournament, played the Crawfords at Ammon on June 15, 1930. Although usually covering on the fully professional Homestead Grays, the Pittsburgh Courier reported the 9–8 Crawfords victory.

Grays owner and manager Cum Posey recognized the Crawfords competition with his own team and sought to undermine their appeal. In 1929, he persuaded Crawfords manager Hooks Tinker to take on his older brother Seward "See" Posey as a part-time assistant and booker. While admission to the Crawfords amateur games were free by law, at one tournament in 1930, See Posey closed all but one gate to the park and required fans to make contribution, with two police officers stationed at the gate. After the game, he brought Tinker a burlap bag with $2000 in small bills. The Posey brothers were also able to lure Gibson to play with the Grays.

Displaced by a low-cost housing project, Ammon Field was moved in the 1940s a block west from its original location. It was ultimately configured as two smaller fields suitable for youth leagues. In 1996, a historical marker commemorating Josh Gibson's career was erected at the newer park site, 2217 Bedford Avenue. It reads: "Hailed as Negro Leagues' greatest slugger, he hit some 800 home runs in a baseball career that began here at Ammons [sic] Field in 1929. Played for Homestead Grays and Pittsburgh Crawfords, 1930-46. Elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, '72."

The original name of the park honored Edith Darlington Ammon, a pioneer in establishing playgrounds in the city.

Josh Gibson Foundation
The Josh Gibson Foundation is a non-profit organization based in Pittsburgh aimed at preserving the history of the Negro leagues. The Foundation's president is Gibson's grandson Sean. The Foundation runs a little league associated with PONY Baseball that has over 300 inner-city players, which has used the field since 1999. In 2008, the Foundation began a $292,000 renovation ($0 today) of the field. The project consisted of resurfacing the grass fields, renovating the four dugouts and bleachers, and constructing scoreboards, sprinklers, and a concession stand. The project received funding of $78,000 from Pittsburgh Pirates Charities, $64,000 from the Baseball Tomorrow Fund, $20,000 from Del Monte Foods and $15,000 from The Grable Foundation. The City of Pittsburgh contributed the additional $95,000 required. The Pittsburgh-based Massaro Corporation served as the contractor for construction work, and Sports Turf Specialties, Inc performed the field work. Both companies offered significant discounts on the work. A groundbreaking ceremony took place on May 6, 2008.

title: Josh Gibson Field


text: Talk:Butch Miller (racing driver)

title: Talk:Butch Miller (racing driver)