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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Karl-Erik Wadin Wesslén

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Rob Church Talk 00:09, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Karl-Erik Wadin Wesslén
Non-notable vanity article. The claims to notability seem to be that he has a blog and has written a book. Looking at the blog, only one user comment has ever been left (and this was deleted by the blog owner) which suggests that this is not a particularly notable blog. In terms of the book, "Historien om NRA" garners two hits on Google, neither of which actualy mention Wesslén's name. Delete CLW 20:11, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable blogger. At least he didn't try to create a separate entry for his blog.--Isotope23 20:41, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete // Fred-Chess 22:37, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as this appears to be primarily a promotion of the blog and likely qualifies as a vanity article. THIS IS NOT TO SAY that blogs and bloggers are necessarily not notable and I think we should be careful not to instinctively react to blog-related entries.  As blogs and blogging grow, there will probably emerge a growing number of bloggers of genunie notability--the authors of the Daily Kos, Wonkette, etc. come to mind.  I think that the issue has to do with how well-read the blog is, how independently notable the blogger is, and whether or not the blog is cited widely by other blogs or traditional media.  I do not know if Wikipedia has a blog policy, but I will be sure to check right after this.  el_amante 20:52, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Good points. FYI: Some of your questions are answered here: WP:WWIN and Google test. // Fred-Chess 14:23, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: File:Superstore.jpg

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Superstore.jpg


text: User talk:84.228.42.65

title: User talk:84.228.42.65


text:
User:RBKarch

i.e. The Part That Doesn't Really Matter
I am R. Bryan Karch, presently an undergraduate at Rutgers University studying Psychology and perhaps going for a double-major in History and Political Science. I am presently unemployed, which is a pleasant change from working for Bennigan's. But, onwards to:

My Time Here
I have yet to make any edits, create any articles, or any of that fun stuff, but I believe I'll spend some time reading before I start editing.

title: User:RBKarch


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Peter Hehir

Peter Hehir is an Australian former actor. He had a couple of theatre role in 1973 and one in 1975, however was best known for his regular role as on the television soap opera The Sullivans as Bert Duggan from 1976 to 1978. His film appearances included roles in features and made-for television productions including The Last of the Knucklemen (1979), I Live with Me Dad (1985), The Hour Before My Brother Dies (1986), Two Friends (1986) and Fast Talking (1984),

The latter of which he was nominated for the 1984 Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role.

title: Peter Hehir


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Shenzhou 8

Shenzhou 8 was an uncrewed flight of China's Shenzhou program, launched on 31 October 2011 UTC, or 1 November 2011 in China, by a Long March 2F rocket which lifted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.

The Shenzhou 8 spacecraft was automatically docked with the Tiangong-1 space module (launched on 29 September 2011) on 3 November 2011 and again on 14 November 2011. This uncrewed docking – China's first – was followed in 2012 with the crewed Shenzhou 9 mission, which performed a crewed docking (also China's first) with the Tiangong-1 module. Only the Soviet Union (Russia), Japan and the European Space Agency (ESA) had achieved automatic rendezvous and docking prior to China's accomplishment.

History
On 29 September 2008, Zhang Jianqi (张建启), vice director of China crewed space engineering, announced in an interview of China Central Television (CCTV) that Tiangong-1, an 8-ton "target vehicle", would be launched in 2010 (now 2011), and that Shenzhou 8, Shenzhou 9 and Shenzhou 10 were all intended to dock with it. On 1 October 2008, Shanghai Space Administration, which participated in the development of Shenzhou 8, stated that they have succeeded in the simulated experiments for the docking of Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou 8.

In February 2009, the launch of Shenzhou 8 was planned for early 2011. By March 2011, the launch had been postponed until in October 2011.

Shenzhou 8 was launched at 21:58 UTC on 31 October 2011 (UTC) (1 November in China) by a Long March 2F rocket. The launch lifted off from 921/SLS-1 Launch Pad at the Southern Launch Site of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The uncrewed Shenzhou 8 mission successfully docked with Tiangong-1 on 2 November 2011 (UTC), marking China's first orbital docking. Shenzhou 8 undocked from Tiangong-1 on 14 November 2011, before successfully completing a second rendezvous and docking, so as to test the reusability of the docking system. Shenzhou 8 deorbited on 17 November 2011, and landed safely in Siziwang Banner in Inner Mongolia.

Mission
Shenzhou 8 features an active APAS-like docking module in place of the usual orbital module, and performed its docking operation automatically under ground control. Docking took place on 2 November 2011 at 17:28 UTC, during orbital darkness to avoid interference from the Sun's glare with sensitive navigation and rendezvous equipment. After 12 days being docked, Shenzhou 8 undocked and a second docking took place, this time in full sunlight. The separation, second rendezvous, and docking occurred on 14 November 2011 and was aimed to test accuracy and reliability of equipment and sensors in a bright environment. On 17 November 2011, the capsule was autonomously de-orbited.

The mission also featured a biological sample supplied by Germany and the European Space Agency (ESA), which was cited as an example of "international cooperation in the field of manned space" by Zhang Jianqi, deputy chief commander of the China Manned Space Program.

Spacecraft design
According to Zhang Bainan, the chief designer of China's spacecraft systems, Shenzhou 8 was the last to see significant modifications from previous models. Future flights will use the same spacecraft design, which is intended for production of multiple units of the same design.

title: Shenzhou 8


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Price v. Philip Morris, Inc.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was transwiki to Wikisource. Rob Church Talk 00:40, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Price v. Philip Morris, Inc.
Paste of a court ruling, not an article
 * Delete. Gazpacho 20:11, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to wikisource if possible, otherwise Delete unless someone writes an actual article here (I'd do it but I don't know anything about this case).--Isotope23 20:37, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wikisource, then delete. This is a trial court order, not an appellate court judgment that declares new law - it might be a notable case, but it's one of many dozens like it against the tobacco industry, so an actual article on the case would probably be either redundant to the whole class of cases or very stubby, and either way would likely benefit from a merger into an article on tobacco litigation. I was thinking that if Wikisource is to be a repository of court orders, it would be better to start from the top, but then again it's always useful to have examples of opinions from different levels of court. BD2412  talk 21:39, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Move/Merge as the trial is notable in a minor way as supporting information in other source material. It does not qualify to stand alone as it is not one of the benchmark cases, and there is no true "article"  included.  If the author reads this feedback before the 5-day period, and still feels this is worthy of an entry, I suggest a significant rewrite in narrative/expository format including whatever information justifies an independent entry. el_amante 20:56, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Peatbog Faeries

The Peatbog Faeries are a largely instrumental Celtic fusion band. Formed in 1991, they are based in Dunvegan on the Isle of Skye, Scotland.

Their music embodies many styles and influences, including folk, electronica, African pop, rock and jazz, although their main influence is traditional Celtic music. The band's unique sound is created through a mix of programmed effects and traditional Celtic arrangements, played on bagpipes, fiddles, and whistles.

The band have twice won "Live Band of the Year" at the Scottish Traditional Music Awards and were nominated for "Live Band of the Year" at the BBC Radio 2 folk awards.

History
The Peatbog Faeries formed in 1991. They recorded and released their debut album Mellowosity in 1996 on Greentrax Recordings. Two years later they signed to a New York label and recorded their second album, Faerie Stories. Due to problems at the record company the CD was not released for a further two years.

For their third album the band set up their own label, Peatbog Records. On the label, they released Welcome to Dun Vegas in 2003. The album introduced a small amount of vocals. In 2005, they released Croftwork, which saw the first appearance of brass instruments on an album. These have been a regular feature of the band's albums and live performances ever since.

The band toured in 2008, recording a series of gigs and subsequently released their first live album, Live, made up of two of these performances. The band's seventh studio album, Dust, was released in August 2011.

In 2010, they were inducted into the Hebridean Celtic Festival’s hall of fame.

The Peatbog Faeries released their latest album “Live @ 25” in 2017 to mark their 25th anniversary.

Music
The band's genre is Celtic fusion. The band's 2001 Faerie Stories offered a completely different style of Celtic fusion. Trance music became the main theme of the album, as well as electronic dance music and reggae at times. Because of the electronic elements in the band's sound, their sound was once termed "acid croft".

The band's third album, Welcome to Dun Vegas, was a lot less Celtic at times, with bagpipes absent in a few of the songs, and the overall genre was alternative rock, returning to that of Mellowosity. The band used a new type of Celtic fusion for Croftwork, matching reggae, electronic dance music, alternative rock, and brass, with saxophones appearing in many of its songs. What Men Deserve to Lose is similar to Croftwork, with the brass roots returning, but with more alternative rock audible towards the end of the album.

A review of Blackhouse said the album draws "inspirations from everywhere. Jazz, funk, reggae and dance rub shoulders with special effects and synths, tradition combines with visions, contemporary rocks along with heritage."

Current line-up

 * Peter Morrison – pipes; whistles
 * Ross Couper – fiddles
 * Tom Salter – guitars
 * Norman Wilmore – keyboards
 * Innes Hutton – bass; percussion
 * Stu Brown – drums
 *  Innes Watson - acoustic guitar, fiddle, vocals

Studio albums

 * Mellowosity (1996)
 * Faerie Stories (2000)
 * Welcome to Dun Vegas (2003)
 * Croftwork (2005)
 * What Men Deserve to Lose (2007)
 * Dust (2011)
 * Blackhouse (2015)
 * I See a World (2023)

Live albums

 * Live (2009)
 * Live @ 25 (2017)

Compilation albums

 * Larry Kirwan's Celtic Invasion (2013)

title: Peatbog Faeries


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Atrek

The Atrek (, Etrek, Etrek), also known as the Attrack, Atrak, and Etrek, is a fast-moving river which begins in the mountains of north-eastern Iran (37.16667°N, 59°W) and flows 563 km westward, draining into the south-eastern corner of the Caspian Sea in Turkmenistan. Because of the high use of its waters for irrigation, the Atrek only flows into the Caspian when it is in its flood stage.

Geography
The Atrek is 669 km long and drains a basin of 27300 km2.

Politics
Beginning at 37.99111°N, 55.27472°W, where its tributary the Sumbar joins it, the river forms the border of Iran with Turkmenistan; this helped keep the area closed throughout the Cold War years. A 1957 treaty between Iran and the USSR assigns equal rights to 50% of the water of the frontier parts of the Atrek. The same treaty also applies to the Aras River, which now forms part of the border between Iran and Azerbaijan.

Ecology
Even though sturgeons concentrate in the area of the Caspian Sea next to the Turkmen coast, they do not currently migrate into the Atrek River owing to its low water level and pollution. Since the Atrek is the only Caspian watershed river of the Turkmen coast, sturgeons no longer reproduce in Turkmenistan.

title: Atrek


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Robert Gibbs

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:56, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Robert Gibbs
Vanity page on a high school student in Georgia; only indication of notability is that he is president of the Georgia Junior Classical League, which falls short of our inclusion criteria. Possibly an autobiography. jredmond 20:13, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I'd even go so far as to say Speedy CSD:A7, though I'm sure someone will say there is an attempt to establish notability. I'd argue that when your claim to fame is "president of the Georgia Junior Classical League" you are not trying very hard...--Isotope23 20:39, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Another A7 Speedy Delete candidate even if he is champion of Latin" in Georgia. How do you achieve this? Capitalistroadster 00:52, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * A7 Speedy Delete agree with all points noted above. The subject certainly has potential to be notable enough at some point, but not just yet. The author can assure him that once he gets a few years out of high school, he could be considered again, based on his accumulated achievements. el_amante 21:02, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy per above two. PacknCanes 03:39, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

To be honest, I know this kid. He's absolutely brilliant. I wouldn't be surprised if he becomes a President.

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:80.2.216.239

title: User talk:80.2.216.239


text:
RMB (band)

RMB was a German electronic music duo, founded in 1993 by musicians and producers Farid Gharadjedaghi and Rolf Maier-Bode (the latter whose initials form the band name). The RMB name came about as a pun on the very German-sounding name Rolf Maier-Bode. Despite that, RMB has always been a duo since the project's formation in '93.

History
The two met in 1991 while working for the Adam & Eve label, Maier-Bode as a producer and Gharadjedaghi as A&R. After two releases under the RMB name, they split from Adam & Eve in 1993 to join the Low Spirit label. Their 1996 single, "Spring" was a gold record in Germany, with sales over 250,000 copies, and the follow-up "Reality" reached #11 in the Media Control charts. After this, they worked with Sharam Jey and Talla 2XLC. In 1998, they founded their own label, Various Silver Recordings.

Through their association with German rave culture, they have engaged in environmental activism, joining Greenpeace in protest against the Moruroa atoll nuclear testing, to which they dedicated the track "Our Trip to Mururoa", a B-side found in the single "Passport to Heaven".

In 2006, RMB split up. The last studio album "Evolution" was released online on March 18, 2009.

Members

 * Rolf Maier-Bode - production, keyboard, programming
 * Farid Gharadjedaghi - production, keyboards, engineering, mixing

Albums

 * 1995 This World Is Yours
 * 1998 Widescreen
 * 2001 Mission Horizon
 * 2002 Mission Horizon 2.0
 * 2003 A Tribute To RMB
 * 2009 Evolution

Singles

 * 1993 "Trax 1"
 * 1993 "Trax 2"
 * 1993 "Heaven & Hell EP"
 * 1994 "Love EP"
 * 1994 "Redemption" (with Kristina Totzek)
 * 1994 "Redemption (Remixes)" (with Kristina Totzek)
 * 1995 "Experience" (with Kristina Totzek)
 * 1995 "Experience (Remixes)" (with Kristina Totzek)
 * 1995 "Love Is An Ocean" (with Sheila Chandra)
 * 1995 "Love Is An Ocean (Remixes)" (with Sheila Chandra)
 * 1995 "Passport to Heaven" (with Kristina Totzek)
 * 1995 "Passport to Heaven (Remixes)" (with Kristina Totzek)
 * 1996 "Spring" (with Marion Haarmeyer)
 * 1996 "Spring (Mixes)" (with Marion Haarmeyer)
 * 1996 "Reality" (with Angela Caran)
 * 1996 "Reality (Mixes)" (with Angela Caran)
 * 1997 "Break The Silence/Everything" (with Angela Caran)
 * 1998 "Shadows" (with Sharam Jey and Christina Lux)
 * 1998 "Everything EP"
 * 1998 "To France"
 * 2000 "Deep Down Below" (with Christina Lux)
 * 2001 "Horizon" (with Christina Lux)
 * 2001 "Selected Works"
 * 2002 "Redemption 2.0" (with Kristina Totzek)
 * 2003 "Spring 2003" (with Talla 2XLC and Miriam Adameit)
 * 2003 "Touch The Sky/Feel The Flame"
 * 2004 "Gangster/Killer"
 * 2004 "April/Beauty Of Simplicity"
 * 2023 "Redemption" (with Moguai)

Other aliases

 * 1992 "Droid EP", as Skyflyer (with Arndt Pecher)
 * 1992 "Humanoid EP", as Skyflyer (with Arndt Pecher)
 * 1993 "Skyflyer II", as Skyflyer (with Arndt Pecher)
 * 1993 "Skyflyer III", as Skyflyer (with Arndt Pecher)
 * 1993 "Manitou in Africa", as Manitou
 * 1996 "Manitou in Africa 1996 (The 4 Years Later Version)", as Manitou
 * 1998 "One EP", as Waldorf & Staettler
 * 2004 "Special Online EP", as Waldorf & Staettler

title: RMB (band)


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Swannanoa (mansion)

Swannanoa is an Italian Renaissance Revival villa built in 1912 by millionaire and philanthropist James H. Dooley (1841–1922) above Rockfish Gap on the border of northern Nelson County and Augusta County, Virginia, in the US. It is partially based on buildings in the Villa Medici, Rome.

Rockfish Gap is the southern end of the Skyline Drive through the Shenandoah National Park and the northern terminus of the Blue Ridge Parkway.

It is located on the crest of the Blue Ridge mountains, overlooking both Shenandoah and Rockfish valleys. It is located on a jurisdictional border, so it is in both Augusta and Nelson counties.

History
Intended to be a "summer place" for Richmond, Virginia millionaire and philanthropist James H. Dooley and his wife Sarah "Sallie" O. May, it reportedly took over 300 artisans several years to build the structure, complete with marble from Tate, GA and inside Italian Marble, Georgian marble, Tiffany windows, and terraced gardens. It was built as a token of love from husband to wife, the depth of James and Sallie May's relationship being represented in the 4,000 piece Tiffany stained-glass window and a domed ceiling bearing the likeness of Mrs. Dooley Despite the lavish expenditure, it was occupied only for a few years following completion in 1912.

Major Dooley died in 1922 at the age of 82. He left Swannanoa entirely to his wife, Sallie Mae, along with several million dollars. Sallie May Dooley died in 1925 at the age of 79. Major Dooley left the estate to his four sisters. Many pieces of the Swannanoa furniture were moved to Maymont upon the death of Sallie May. Her Swan furniture and bed are on display at Maymont in Richmond, Virginia.

When the property was built it had state-of-the-art fixtures for the time. Electricity, plumbing and central heat were installed in the house. It was the first house to have electricity in Nelson County and to accomplish this it had its own power plant on the property. There also was a built-in elevator. Like Monticello, Thomas Jefferson's house 27 miles away, it had a dumbwaiter to bring food up from the basement kitchen to the butler's pantry on the first floor and placed on a radiator with flat shelving.

The sisters sold Swannanoa in 1926 to the Valley Corporation of Richmond, which became the second owner of Swannanoa. They planned and opened the Swannanoa Country Club and Golf Course in 1927. With the 1929 Depression, the country club had no revenue and Dooley sisters took back the property in 1932. During the Country Club era, they built a small stone building on the property for guests to pay their golf fees and it was rumored to house the region's best moonshine distillery and to be a favored supplier for government officials during Prohibition. The golf course was an 18-hole course. It was during Swannanoa's time as a country club that Calvin Coolidge had Thanksgiving dinner (1928) at the mansion. The sumptuous accommodations and isolation from the Capitol's hubbub seemed to affect Mrs. Coolidge deeply, giving her "the giddiness of a mare in the spring" according to the waitstaff. Calvin was typically silent on the subject, but seemed rather drawn and sleepy for the next day's hunting.

The United States Navy considered purchasing and renovating the property in 1942, which they calculated would cost $200,000, for the purpose of establishing a secret facility to interrogate prisoners of war. The military rejected it in favor of a Civilian Conservation Corps camp in Fort Hunt, Virginia, because it seemed unlikely that Congress would approve the purchase of such a palatial structure for the purpose.

The mansion stood empty through the Great Depression and World War II until A.T. Dulaney purchased it with a group of Charlottesville business men and formed Skyline Swannanoa, Inc. In 1944. Swannanoa was leased in 1948 to Walter Russell for his University of Science and Philosophy.

Notable visitors

 * President Calvin Coolidge and his wife visited nearby Swannanoa Country Club on Thanksgiving Day 1928. Whether or not the Coolidges actually visited Swannanoa mansion is unknown.

title: Swannanoa (mansion)


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Ghosthunter (video game)

Ghosthunter is a 2003 third-person shooter action video game for the PlayStation 2. Developed by SCE Cambridge Studio, it was published in Europe by SCEE in December 2003, in North America by Namco in August 2004, and in Japan by Electronic Arts in September 2004. The game is based primarily around ghost hunting, and tells the story of Lazarus Jones, a rookie detective with the Detroit Police Department, who accidentally releases a group of imprisoned ghosts from their confinement. When one of the ghosts kidnaps his partner, Jones must enter the ghost realm to track her down. The game received mixed reviews upon release, with critics praising its graphics but criticizing its brevity and linearity.

Gameplay
Ghosthunter is a third-person shooter in which players control the protagonist, Lazarus Jones, with the left analog stick. The right analog stick is used to move the camera, or adjust aim when in combat or first-person mode. When in default third-person mode, Jones has a full range of movement, but he cannot shoot. To do so, the player must enter combat mode, which places a crosshair on screen. When in combat mode, Jones' lateral motion changes to strafing, and he moves slower. Jones can also shoot whilst in first-person mode, although he is unable to move. The game features two types of ammo; normal ammo for the handgun and shotgun, and "ghost energy" for the other weapons. Ghost energy can be collected in the form of orbs found throughout the game and dropped by defeated enemies.

When the player encounters a ghost, they must first shoot it to weaken it to a point where it can be captured. Capturing a ghost is accomplishing by hitting it with a "Capture Grenade." If the player uses the grenade before weakening the ghost sufficiently for capture, the grenade attaches itself to the enemy for a limited time, and a health meter appears. If Jones depletes the health meter whilst the grenade is still attached, the monster will be captured. The grenade can also be used to pick up ghost energy and health orbs which the player cannot physically reach.

As well as controlling Jones, the player can also control Astral, a spirit which Jones can call in specific locations. Astral levitates rather than walks, and has no offensive capabilities. Instead, the player has access to different "forms", such as a Revenant form which allows her to walk and interact with switches, a charming form which allows her to trick ghosts into following her, a spectral form which allows her to warp through walls and floors at special warp points, a poltergeist form which allows her to throw objects, and a possession form which allows her control certain ghosts.

Ghosthunter is one of the relatively rare examples of a game featuring a false ending; Jones is killed, apparently for good, and the game returns to the title screen, inviting the player to start over. However, within moments, the game begins again, with the player in control of another character.

Plot
The game begins at Montsaye High, an abandoned school in Detroit, where Detective Lazarus Jones (voiced by Rob Paulsen) of the Detroit Police Department is on his first day on the job. He is on a routine call with his partner, Anna Steele (Nan McNamara), to investigate reports of unusual sounds in the building. Steele explains that several years previously, a professor murdered ten students, and then disappeared. He was never found, nor was any murder weapon, and the coroner was unable to determine the cause of death of any of the victims. After the two split up to investigate the building, Jones discovers a laboratory in the basement. He presses a switch on a machine, which seems to release a gas of some kind. He is knocked out and when he regains consciousness, he goes to meet Steele in the sewers. However, before he can prevent it, Steele is dragged into a pipe by a transparent man.

Jones returns to the lab, where a sentient computer (Joe Morton) explains that when he pressed the button, he shut down an array containing imprisoned ghosts, and he must now set about recapturing them. The program also tells him that he has "supernormal sight"; he can see ghosts with the naked eye. He has acquired this ability because he has fused with Astral; a spirit who wishes to aid him in his quest. The program also explains that his only hope of getting Steele back is to find Professor Richmond, who created the lab. His location, however, is unknown, so Jones must use the "Spectral Gateway" to jump to ghost realms, fighting ghosts until he finds Richmond.

After heading to a ghost town, where he saves a young girl from the clutches of the spirit of Lady DeMontford (Jane Hamilton), Jones returns to the lab and learns that Astral's real name is Kate Heller, and she was Richmond's assistant. She is still alive, but her physical location is unknown. Jones then encounters the spirit of the Montsaye librarian (Jane Hamilton) who tells him the legend of the thirteenth century English knight, Sir William Hawksmoor (Michael Gambon); the man Jones saw abduct Steele. A trusted servant of the king, he eventually became too powerful, and a group of aristocrats killed him. Jones also learns that Richmond did not commit the murders in the school. He returned from a journey through the Gateway to find the bodies of the students. Pursuing the murderer, he eventually caught up with Hawksmoor, who explained that he murdered the students to make Richmond follow him. However, Richmond was able to capture Hawksmoor and place him in the array, until he was inadvertently released by Jones.

Jones next encounters a ghost ship, where he aids a group of English World War II soldiers, led by Colonel Freddie Fortesque (Michael Cochrane), defeat a monster whom they have been fighting since the War. He then heads to a prison island, Devil's Scar Penitentiary, where he encounters Frank Agglin (André Sogliuzzo), a former police officer who killed several people, including his wife, before being executed by electric chair. Jones, however, discovers that Agglin was possessed by Hawksmoor. He eventually finds Richmond (Joe Morton), but they are attacked by Agglin. Jones defeats him, and Richmond explains that when he captured Agglin's spirit and placed it into the array, Hawksmoor was able to trace Richmond back to Montsaye, resulting in the murders. Richmond reveals that Hawksmoor has Kate's physical body, but he needs Astral, although Richmond is unsure why. He and Jones then head to a secret military base, where Richmond worked during the 1970s, undertaking paranormal research for the government. He explains Kate became trapped in the Astral form due to an experiment that went wrong. She then fused with Richmond as she has now fused with Jones, and they began hunting ghosts. However, Hawksmoor proposed a deal to the military executives of the base - if they granted him Kate's body, as well the right to exploit Richmond, he would destroy their enemies. Learning of this, Richmond fled the base with Kate, going to work in Montsaye High, before Hawksmoor tracked him down.

Richmond then betrays Jones, handing him over to Hawksmoor in return for being allowed to leave. As Richmond departs, Hawksmoor uses a machine to extract Astral from Jones. Steele, who is possessed by Hawksmoor, then shoots and kills Jones. However, Richmond's computer program takes control of a heavily armed robotic unit. It encounters Jones' ghost, which it leads to the "Resurrection Machine" – a machine which can reunite a spirit with its physical form. Richmond had discovered that every person who dies before their "allotted time" becomes a ghost, but over a long period of time, each ghost fades away, eventually ceasing to exist. Hawksmoor is attempting to prevent this happening by using the machine, which needs Astral's ghost energy to work. Lazarus is resurrected as Hawksmoor arrives and flings the robot from the balcony. Hawksmoor then enters the machine, but before he can activate it, Richmond returns, giving weapons to Lazarus and Steele, who is now free of Hawksmoor's possession. They destroy the machine and Lazarus battles Hawksmoor, as Richmond finds the robot damaged beyond repair. However, it is in possession of a zero bomb, a device capable of utterly destroying a ghost. Lazarus and Steele flee and Richmond sets off the bomb, killing himself, Hawksmoor and, presumably, Astral. Steele and Jones make it back to the school and joke about how hard it is going to be to write their report.

Development
The origin of the game was SCE Cambridge Studio's desire to do "a very high concept dark adult, James Bond/Ghostbusters" type game. Each of the team looked to their favorite horror films for inspiration, as well as to other survival horror games. They were also particularly inspired by Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty.

The game was first announced on April 22, 2003, with SCEE revealing a plot outline, the main characters, and the basic game mechanics. It was also revealed that the game would run off a tweaked version of the Primal game engine, with new special effects technology used to produce the game's "cinema-grade effects." Playable demos of a 60% complete build were first shown at the August 2003 Games Convention in Leipzig, with a European release date slated for November. The game was also shown at the September 2003 PlayStation Experience in London.

The game was released in Europe in December, but did not sell very well, and was not initially picked up for North American release, with Sony choosing not to publish it themselves. In April 2004, however, Namco announced they had acquired North American distribution rights, with release slated for August. The North American localization was first previewed at the 2004 E3 event in May. For the North American version of the game, over 1,500 fixes and improvements were made, with the grenade targeting system and the camera and combat systems refined. Some of the puzzles were made easier, but combat was made harder.

Reception
Ghosthunter received "mixed or average reviews," according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

Eurogamer's Ronan Jennings argued its only real positive attribute were its graphics, of which he wrote, "there are times in it where I have never seen anything so impressive in a game. As you'd expect, things like texture detail and animation are superb, but it's not these aspects that steal the show. Rather it's the combination of breathtaking lighting and wonderful art that do the trick ... In Ghosthunter, there are certain scenes that made me stop playing and mutter 'my god' to myself." However, he was critical of the level design, the Astral-related puzzles and the "clunky" combat system. He concluded, "Ghosthunter once again raises the 'aesthetics versus gameplay' debate. It sports a stunning-looking world that's comfortable and satisfying to explore but for some reason the developer has tarnished this with a god-awful set of enemies and infuriating level design."

GameRevolution's Brian Gee praised the graphics, but found the overall experience lacking: "While Ghosthunter sets up a freaky scene, it never does much to distinguish itself from your average action game. There are no big scares and only mildly interesting action."

GameSpy's Justin Leeper was critical of the combat mode and the puzzles, and although he praised the graphics, he concluded that "good graphics do not a good game make, and I don't consider Ghosthunter a particularly good game. It's passable at best, and surpassed by The Suffering in nearly every aspect. Sadly, Sony had the right idea in not bringing this title to the U.S., as it simply brings nothing new to the table.

GameSpot's Alex Navarro was more impressed, arguing that it struck a good balance between survival horror and action; "The primary reason Ghosthunter works is that it seems to have a very firm grip on what it wants to be. It knows it isn't scary enough to really fit into the survival horror genre, but it's too creepy to be considered just a standard action game. Ghosthunter falls squarely in between the two, and it manages to keep an almost uncanny balance all throughout the game." He too was impressed by the graphics, but was critical of the game's length. He concluded "Ghosthunter is a very enjoyable experience for as long as it lasts. Most players should be able to forgive its relative simplicity thanks to its excellent ambiance and entertaining characters and storyline."

IGN's Ivan Sulic was also impressed, arguing the game features "a level of environmental diversity and intrigue that most titles never come close to approaching ... this plush design is only strengthened by one of the most impressive engines found on PlayStation 2. What Ghosthunter does for the eyes and ears, we simply do not see that often. Rare is the PS2 game that is this crisp, this well-defined, this polished, this flicker free, and this extravagantly detailed." He was less impressed with the gameplay, writing "The combat here simply does not match the applied presentation value. What we have in terms of action is an affable, but repetitive affair with marginal challenge attached." However, he concluded by praising the "game's incredible presentation with slick support for progressive scan, widescreen display, and a penchant for utterly astonishing graphics and superlative audio effects." In 2010, IGN placed the game in their list of "The Top 10 Best Looking PS2 Games of All Time".

title: Ghosthunter (video game)


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Category:Gins

This category contains articles about gin, a distilled alcoholic drink.

title: Category:Gins


text: User talk:208.39.169.124

title: User talk:208.39.169.124


text:
Jim Peck

James Edward Peck (born April 16, 1939) is an American television and radio personality based in Milwaukee and is perhaps best known for his time as a game show host.

Early career
After Peck graduated from Marquette University with a double major in English and Psychology in 1962, he worked as an admissions counselor for Marquette. While thinking about his career options, Peck became interested in broadcasting. He had dabbled in acting by appearing in several theatrical plays on campus during his college years and the idea of performing intrigued him.

In 1968 he joined the staff of WISN-TV in Milwaukee as a booth announcer doing station breaks and other announcing chores. In 1969, Peck moved to WVTV in Milwaukee, where he served as host of the talk show Confrontation from 1969 to 1971, and then hosted Jim Peck's Hotline for WTMJ-TV from 1971 to 1973. He moved to Washington, D.C. in 1973 to host the talk show Take It From Here for WRC-TV, where he remained for the next three years.

Ron Greenberg was developing the game show Showdown for ABC and hired Peck to host the pilot. Although ABC did not pick up the show, in 1974 Greenberg taped a second pilot and the show was retitled The Big Showdown. This time, ABC picked up the series and the show ran from December 23, 1974, until July 4, 1975. Peck continued hosting Take It From Here in Washington, D.C. during this time and commuted to New York City every three weeks to tape episodes for The Big Showdown.

Peck then hosted the unusual Hot Seat, a Merrill Heatter-Bob Quigley production which featured an oversized lie detector to measure a spouse's responses to personal questions. Hot Seat began airing on July 12, 1976, along with Family Feud, but was gone after 15 weeks and aired its final episode on October 22 of that year.

Shortly before the demise of Hot Seat, Peck had moved to Los Angeles and following the show's cancellation, ABC President Fred Silverman put him under exclusive contract with the network to host game shows and other projects. Peck also occasionally substituted for David Hartman on Good Morning America. In March 1977 he began to helm the Bill Carruthers-produced Second Chance, a precursor to Carruthers' Press Your Luck that premiered in 1983 and ran for three seasons. Peck's series wasn't as popular as its follow-up and after 19 weeks of episodes, Second Chance left the air on July 15, 1977. Peck has not hosted a network game show since.

Later career
Peck began developing a late-night special for ABC called After Hours: The Jim Peck Special which he hosted and produced. The special was taped in the fall of 1977, but his contract with the network expired, and the special never aired. In the fall of 1978, Peck was called on to host a second revival of the 1960s classic word game You Don't Say! that Tom Kennedy had hosted. Suffering from low ratings and a lack of major market clearances, You Don't Say! did not last a full season, and its final episode aired in March 1979.

Afterward, Peck became host of the controversial Chuck Barris game show Three's a Crowd, which asked the question, "Who knows a man better, his wife or his secretary?" Three's a Crowd only lasted for $4 1/2$ months (September 17, 1979 to February 1, 1980) due in part to both the low ratings the show pulled in and the backlash caused by the show's content.

Since then, Peck hasn't emceed game shows on a full-time basis. He hosted two game show pilots during the early 1980s that never made it to the air: Everything's Relative for ABC in 1980 and The TV Game in 1982 and hosted occasional infomercials. Beginning in 1981, however, he returned as a frequent substitute for Jack Barry on the syndicated quiz The Joker's Wild. Over the next three years, Peck gradually began appearing as often as Barry, who was in his mid-sixties at the time, was beginning to ease himself into retirement. Although Peck was not the popular choice among staffers at Barry & Enright Productions, Barry and producer Ron Greenberg continued to groom the frequent sub for the position. The plans were to have Peck take over the hosting position permanently at the beginning of the 1984-85 season, with Barry announcing his retirement on-air and handing the show over to his successor.

However, on May 2, 1984, Barry suddenly died of cardiac arrest in New York City shortly after filming for the seventh season of The Joker's Wild had concluded. Upon Barry's death, his partner Dan Enright took control of the production company and over Peck, hired Bill Cullen, who was finishing up his run as the host of another Barry & Enright-produced program, NBC's Hot Potato.

Except for several weeks of subbing for Cullen on The Joker's Wild during its final season (1985–86), and the unsold pilots The Buck Stops Here (taped in 1985 for Procter & Gamble Productions) and the 1990 Marty Pasetta pilot Suit Yourself, Peck moved away from game shows altogether; he went on to serve as the court reporter and announcer for a revival of Divorce Court from 1985 to 1989, when he was replaced by actress Martha Smith.

Other work
From 1985 to 1989, Peck played the courtroom reporter and announcer on the William B. Keene version of Divorce Court, often whispering through the proceedings of the case.

One of Peck's last jobs before leaving national television was as host of the annual Drum Corps International (DCI) competitions, which was seen on PBS.

Current
In 1993, Peck moved to Spring Green, Wisconsin, where he rented a large farm and spent the next year in retirement. In 1994, he began working in public relations for his alma mater, Marquette University, as a fundraiser, and in February 1995 began hosting I Remember Milwaukee (later titled simply I Remember) on PBS station WMVS (Channel 10), a series revolving around the history of Wisconsin's largest city, as well as the Saturday edition of Wisconsin's Morning News on WTMJ-AM (620). I Remember aired its last episode on June 27, 2016 but Peck continues to be heard each Saturday on WTMJ-AM.

title: Jim Peck


text:
Visual language

A visual language is a system of communication using visual elements. Speech as a means of communication cannot strictly be separated from the whole of human communicative activity which includes the visual and the term 'language' in relation to vision is an extension of its use to describe the perception, comprehension and production of visible signs.

Overview
An image which dramatizes and communicates an idea presupposes the use of a visual language. Just as people can 'verbalize' their thinking, they can 'visualize' it. A diagram, a map, and a painting are all examples of uses of visual language. Its structural units include line, shape, colour, form, motion, texture, pattern, direction, orientation, scale, angle, space and proportion.

The elements in an image represent concepts in a spatial context, rather than the linear form used for words. Speech and visual communication are parallel and often interdependent means by which humans exchange information.

Visual language
Visual units in the form of lines and marks are constructed into meaningful shapes and structures or signs. Different areas of the cortex respond to different elements such as colour and form. Semir Zeki has shown the responses in the brain to the paintings of Michelangelo, Rembrandt, Vermeer, Magritte, Malevich and Picasso.

Imaging in the mind
What we have in our minds in a waking state and what we imagine in dreams is very much of the same nature. Dream images might be with or without spoken words, other sounds or colours. In the waking state there is usually, in the foreground, the buzz of immediate perception, feeling, mood and as well as fleeting memory images. In a mental state between dreaming and being fully awake is a state known as 'day dreaming' or a meditative state, during which "the things we see in the sky when the clouds are drifting, the centaurs and stags, antelopes and wolves" are projected from the imagination. Rudolf Arnheim has attempted to answer the question: what does a mental image look like? In Greek philosophy, the School of Leucippus and Democritus believed that a replica of an object enters the eye and remains in the soul as a memory as a complete image. Berkeley explained that parts, for example, a leg rather than the complete body, can be brought visually to the mind. Arnheim considers the psychologist, Edward B. Titchener's account to be the breakthrough in understanding something of how the vague incomplete quality of the image is 'impressionistic' and carries meaning as well as form.

Meaning and expression
Abstract art has shown that the qualities of line and shape, proportion and colour convey meaning directly without the use of words or pictorial representation. Wassily Kandinsky showed how drawn lines and marks can be expressive without any association with a representational image. From the most ancient cultures and throughout history visual language has been used to encode meaning: "The Bronze Age Badger Stone on Ilkly Moor is covered in circles, lines, hollow cups, winged figures, a spread hand, an ancient swastika, an embryo, a shooting star? … It's a story-telling rock, a message from a world before (written) words." Richard Gregory suggests that, "Perhaps the ability to respond to absent imaginary situations," as our early ancestors did with paintings on rock, "represents an essential step towards the development of abstract thought."

Perception
The sense of sight operates selectively. Perception is not a passive recording of all that is in front of the eyes, but is a continuous judgement of scale and colour relationships, and includes making categories of forms to classify images and shapes in the world. Children of six to twelve months are to be able through experience and learning to discriminate between circles, squares and triangles. The child from this age onwards learns to classify objects, abstracting essential qualities and comparing them to other similar objects. Before objects can be perceived and identified the child must be able to classify the different shapes and sizes that a single object may appear to have when it is seen in varying surroundings and from different aspects.

Innate structures in the brain
The perception of a shape requires the grasping of the essential structural features, to produce a "whole" or gestalt. The theory of the gestalt was proposed by Christian von Ehrenfels in 1890. He pointed out that a melody is still recognisable when played in different keys and argued that the whole is not simply the sum of its parts but a total structure. Max Wertheimer researched von Ehrenfels' idea, and in his "Theory of Form" (1923) – nicknamed "the dot essay" because it was illustrated with abstract patterns of dots and lines – he concluded that the perceiving eye tends to bring together elements that look alike (similarity groupings) and will complete an incomplete form (object hypothesis). An array of random dots tends to form configurations (constellations). All these innate abilities demonstrate how the eye and the mind are seeking pattern and simple whole shapes. When we look at more complex visual images such as paintings we can see that art has been a continuous attempt to "notate" visual information.

Visual thinking
Thought processes are diffused and interconnected and are cognitive at a sensory level. The mind thinks at its deepest level in sense material, and the two hemispheres of the brain deal with different kinds of thought. The brain is divided into two hemispheres and a thick bundle of nerve fibres enable these two halves to communicate with each other. In most people the ability to organize and produce speech is predominantly located in the left side. Appreciating spatial perceptions depends more on the right hemisphere, although there is a left hemisphere contribution. In an attempt to understand how designers solve problems, L. Bruce Archer proposed "that the way designers (and everybody else, for that matter) form images in their mind's eye, manipulating and evaluating ideas before, during and after externalising them, constitutes a cognitive system comparable with but different from, the verbal language system. Indeed we believe that human beings have an innate capacity for cognitive modelling, and its expression through sketching, drawing, construction, acting out and so on, that is fundamental to human thought."

Art in education
The visual language begins to develop in babies as the eye and brain become able to focus, and be able to recognize patterns. Children's drawings show a process of increasing perceptual awareness and range of elements to express personal experience and ideas. The development of the visual aspect of language communication in education has been referred to as graphicacy, as a parallel discipline to literacy and numeracy. The ability to think and communicate in visual terms is part of, and of equal importance in the learning process, with that of literacy and numeracy. The visual artist, as Michael Twyman has pointed out, has developed the ability to handle the visual language to communicate ideas. This includes both the understanding and conception and the production of concepts in a visual form.

title: Visual language


text:
Talk:Urethral sponge

Female Ejaculation
"Additionally, the urethral sponge contains the Skene's glands, which might be involved in female ejaculation, although the existence and nature of female ejaculation remains a medical controversy." What controversey? Female ejaculation most certainly does exist!--72.24.207.77 (talk) 04:23, 30 September 2010 (UTC)

erectile tissue
it should be noted that part of the male urethra is also surrounded by the corpus spongiosum inside the penis.

the clitoris is often compared to the penis.

it looks to me like the urethral sponge and the corpus spongiosum of the penis could also be compared in a similar way.

Gringo300 20:17, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

I'd like to observe that this article contains no proper scientific citations. Further, labels on the image often point far away from the structures on the image. While I recognize that on the unmodified source image the line indicating the urethra also stops at the labia minora, I must confess great personal amusement at the addition to the image of a line indicating the "G-spot". First, the existence of the 'Grafenberg spot,' is debated. Largely because tissue examination shows no significant changes around the claimed area. Secondly, the location of the 'spot' is alleged to be on the anterior of the mucosa of the vagina, rather than the posterior feature of this image. (Anon8315 at hotmail dot com, MS-2) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.158.5.31 (talk) 12:24, 11 November 2007 (UTC)

clitoris and urethral sponge
if i understand correctly the clitoral crura and clitoral bulbs are on the left and right of the urethral sponge.

Gringo300 20:40, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Penis curved downward
Where are you getting this from? Most penises are curved upwards, or fairly straight in the up-down directions. Penises that curve down are comparatively uncommon.

 * I believe it refers to the angle of the penis due to the position.  Prome  theus  -X303-  23:54, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Urethral sponge


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Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig

Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig (6 December 1835 –19 November 1910) was a German chemist. He discovered the pinacol coupling reaction, mesitylene, diacetyl and biphenyl. Fittig studied the action of sodium on ketones and hydrocarbons. He discovered the Fittig reaction or Wurtz–Fittig reaction for the synthesis of alkylbenzenes, he proposed a diketone structure for benzoquinone and isolated phenanthrene from coal tar. He discovered and synthesized the first lactones and investigated structures of piperine, naphthalene, and fluorene.

Career
Fittig studied chemistry at the University of Göttingen, graduating as Ph.D. with a dissertation on acetone in 1858, under the supervision of Heinrich Limpricht and Friedrich Wöhler. He subsequently held several appointments at Göttingen, becoming Wöhler's assistant in 1858, privatdozent in 1860 and extraordinary professor in 1870. In 1870 he was appointed full professor at University of Tübingen and in 1876 at Strassburg, where the laboratories were erected from his designs.

Fittig's research covered wide areas of organic chemistry. The aldehydes and ketones provided material for his earlier work. He observed that aldehydes and ketones may suffer reduction in neutral, alkaline, and sometimes acid solution to secondary and tertiary glycols, substances which he named pinacones; and also that certain pinacones when distilled with dilute sulfuric acid gave compounds, which he named pinacolines. The unsaturated acids also received much attention, and he discovered the internal anhydrides of oxyacids, termed lactones. He also discovered what is now known as the pinacol rearrangement, whereby 1,2-diols rearrange to aldehydes or ketones under acid catalysis. His work involved the preparation of 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol (pinacol) from acetone, followed by the rearrangement to 3,3-dimethylbutanone (pinacolone), which was then oxidised with dichromate to trimethylacetic acid. Fittig's interpretation of his results was incorrect and the products formed were not identified until more than a decade later when Aleksandr Butlerov independently prepared trimethylacetic acid and confirmed it was the same product as Fittig had prepared.

 * [[File:Acetone2pinacolone.svg]]

In 1855, Charles-Adolphe Wurtz showed that when sodium acted upon alkyl iodides, the alkyl residues combined to form more complex hydrocarbons; Fittig developed this Wurtz reaction  method by showing that a mixture of an aryl halide and an alkyl halide, under similar treatment, yielded homologues of benzene. This process is now known as the Wurtz-Fittig reaction.

His investigations on Perkin's reaction led him to an explanation of its mechanism which appeared to be more in accordance with the facts. The question, however, was one of much difficulty, and at the time the exact course of the reaction appears to await solution. These researches incidentally solved the constitution of coumarin, the odoriferous principle of woodruff. Fittig and Erdmann's observation that γ-phenyl structural analog of isocrotonic acid readily yielded α-naphthol by loss of water was of much importance, since it afforded valuable evidence as to the constitution of naphthalene. They also investigated certain hydrocarbons occurring in the high boiling point fraction of the coal tar distillate and solved the constitution of phenanthrene. Much initial knowledge of the alkaloid piperine was owed to Fittig, who in collaboration with Ira Remsen established its constitution in 1871.

Fittig published two widely used textbooks; be edited several editions of Wohler's Grundriss der organischen Chemie (11th ed., 1887) and wrote an Unorganische Chemie (1st ed., 1872; 3rd, 1882). His researches were recognized by many scientific societies and institutions, the Royal Society awarding him the Davy medal in 1906.

title: Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig


text: User talk:70.129.41.97

title: User talk:70.129.41.97


text:
Aubigné

Aubigné may refer to:
 * Agrippa d'Aubigné (1552–1630), a French poet
 * Constant d'Aubigné (1585–1647), a French nobleman
 * Françoise d'Aubigné, marquise de Maintenon (1635–1719), the second wife of Louis XIV
 * Jean-Henri Merle d'Aubigné (1794–1872), a Swiss Protestant minister and historian of the Reformation

Aubigné may also refer to the following places in France:
 * Aubigné, Ille-et-Vilaine
 * Aubigné, Deux-Sèvres
 * Aubigné-Racan, Sarthe
 * Aubigné-sur-Layon, Maine-et-Loire

title: Aubigné


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Michael Allen Messick Jr.

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Rob Church Talk 00:24, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Michael Allen Messick Jr.
Apparently a vanity page. The creating IP is known to have been causing problems. Simesa 20:18, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Yep, looks like vanity to me. Delete. PacknCanes 03:44, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete, CSD:A7, no assertion of notability. MCB 06:58, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:2004 NFL season

Challenges
I'm pretty damn sure that the extra challenge rule was added this year. I never remember seeing it or hearing about it last year and this year the announcers have frequently stated how you can now have a third challenge if the first two are successful. bob rulz 06:04, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.nfl.com/news/story/7221738
 * In 2004 NFL season on 2011-05-25 07:46:43, 404 Not Found
 * In 2004 NFL season on 2011-06-11 08:43:34, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 08:43, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:1970 NFL season which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 23:19, 7 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:2004 NFL season


text:
Shields (keelboat)

The Shields, also called the Shields 30 and the Shields One-Design, is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Olin Stephens of Sparkman & Stephens as a one design racer and first built in 1962.

Production
The design was commissioned by American sailor Cornelius Shields, as a fiberglass replacement for the 1930s vintage International One Design and is Sparkman & Stephens design #1720. Shields had boats with hull numbers 1 to 31 constructed at Cape Cod Shipbuilding and he donated them to several American universities on the US east coast. The boat class was named after him in honor of his donations. In the end he donated over 100 of the boats to various colleges and universities, including 15 donated to universities in southern California.

The design was initially built by Cape Cod Shipbuilding, then hulls numbers 32 to 189 by Chris-Craft Industries and hull numbers 190 to 200 by Hinckley Yachts in the United States. Today it is once again hull numbers 201 to 259 built by Cape Cod Shipbuilding and remains in production. 5 hull numbers were assigned to boats that were built to replace the 5 Navy War College boats that had burned.

Design
The Shields is a racing keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with teak wood trim, including teak coamings, toe-rails, handrails, the cockpit floor grating and the cockpit seats. It has a fractional sloop rig with aluminum spars. The hull has a spooned, raked stem; a sharply raised counter, angled transom; a keel-mounted rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed modified long keel. There is no cabin. It displaces 4600 lb and carries 3080 lb of lead ballast.

The boat has a draft of 4.75 ft with the standard keel.

For sailing the design is equipped with a halyard winch console, with vertical cleats to secure the halyards. The design rules limit the adjustable backstay, the boom vang and the mainsheet to a maximum of an 8:1 mechanical advantage. A jib is used, but a genoa is not permitted under class rules. Buoyancy is provided by under-seat flotation compartments and fore and aft watertight bulkheads. A spinnaker of 360 sqft may be used.

The current Cape Cod production boat has, as standard equipment, a 4:1 boom vang, 8:1 backstay and a 4:1 mainsheet traveler. Optional equipment includes a bilge pump, spinnaker and launch basket, Cunningham, a digital compass and a boat trailer for ground transportation.

The design has a Portsmouth Yardstick DP-N racing average handicap of 83.8 (listed as "suspect").

Operational history
The boat is supported by an active class club that organizes racing events, the Shields Class Sailing Association. There are racing fleets only found in the USA in the Northeast, Midwest. Southeast. Mid Atlantic and in California.

The Orange Coast College School of Sailing & Seamanship, a public community college in Costa Mesa, California operates a fleet of Shields for their training program, mostly consisting of boats donated by Shields, plus Oakcliff Sailing on Long Island, New York.

In a 1994 review Richard Sherwood wrote, "this beautiful boat is used for day sailing and, particularly, for racing. Class rules are rigid. For example, only one set of sails is allowed per year."

title: Shields (keelboat)


text:
Golden mean (philosophy)

The golden mean or golden middle way is the desirable middle between two extremes, one of excess and the other of deficiency. It appeared in Greek thought at least as early as the Delphic maxim "nothing in excess", which was discussed in Plato's Philebus. Aristotle analyzed the golden mean in the Nicomachean Ethics Book II: That virtues of character can be described as means. It was subsequently emphasized in Aristotelian virtue ethics. For example, in the Aristotelian view, courage is a virtue, but if taken to excess would manifest as recklessness, and, in deficiency, cowardice. The Middle Way form of government for Aristotle was a blend between monarchy, democracy and aristocracy.

Crete
The earliest representation of this idea in culture is probably in the mythological Cretan tale of Daedalus and Icarus. Daedalus, a famous artist of his time, built feathered wings for himself and his son so that they might escape the clutches of King Minos. Daedalus warns his beloved son whom he loved so much to "fly the middle course", between the sea spray and the sun's heat. Icarus did not heed his father; he flew up and up until the sun melted the wax off his wings. For not heeding the middle course, he fell into the sea and drowned.

Delphi
Another early elaboration is the Doric saying carved on the front of the temple at Delphi: "Nothing in excess" ("Μηδὲν ἄγαν").

Cleobulus
To Cleobulus is attributed the maxim: Μέτρον ἄριστον ("Moderation is best")

Socrates
Socrates teaches that a man must know "how to choose the mean and avoid the extremes on either side, as far as possible."

In education, Socrates asks us to consider the effect of either an exclusive devotion to gymnastics or an exclusive devotion to music. It either "produced a temper of hardness and ferocity, (or) the other of softness and effeminacy." Having both qualities, he believed, produces harmony; i.e., beauty and goodness.

Plato
Proportion's relation to beauty and goodness is stressed throughout Plato's dialogues, particularly in the Republic and Philebus. He writes (Phlb. 64d–65a):

""

In the Laws, Plato applies this principle to electing a government in the ideal state: "Conducted in this way, the election will strike a mean between monarchy and democracy …"

Aristotle
In the Eudemian Ethics, Aristotle writes on the virtues. Aristotle’s theory on virtue ethics is one that does not see a person’s actions as a reflection of their ethics but rather looks into the character of a person as the reason behind their ethics. His constant phrase is, "… is the Middle state between …". His psychology of the soul and its virtues is based on the golden mean between the extremes. In the Politics, Aristotle criticizes the Spartan Polity by critiquing the disproportionate elements of the constitution; e.g., they trained the men and not the women, and they trained for war but not peace. This disharmony produced difficulties which he elaborates on in his work. See also the discussion in the Nicomachean Ethics of the golden mean, and Aristotelian ethics in general.

Each intellectual virtue is a mental skill or habit by which the mind arrives at truth, affirming what is or denying what is not. In the Nicomachean Ethics he discusses 11 moral virtues:

Aristotle also mentions several other traits:
 * Intellectual virtues
 * 1)  (intelligence), which apprehends fundamental truths (such as definitions, self-evident principles)
 * 2)  (science), which is skill with inferential reasoning (such as proofs, syllogisms, demonstrations)
 * 3)  (theoretical wisdom), which combines fundamental truths with valid, necessary inferences to reason well about unchanging truths.
 * (good sense) – passing judgment, "sympathetic understanding"
 * (understanding) – comprehending what others say, does not issue commands
 * (practical wisdom) – knowledge of what to do, knowledge of changing truths, issues commands
 * (art, craftsmanship)

Aristotle's list is not the only list, however. As Alasdair MacIntyre observed in After Virtue, thinkers as diverse as Homer, the authors of the New Testament, Thomas Aquinas, and Benjamin Franklin have all proposed lists.

Eastern philosophy
Gautama Buddha (fl. 6th century BC) taught of the Middle Way, a path between the extremes of religious asceticism and worldly self-indulgence.

Confucius in The Analects, written through the Warring States period of Ancient China (c. 479 BC – 221 BC), taught excess is similar to deficiency. A way of living in the mean is the way of Zhongyong.

Zhuangzi was the Tao's most famous commentator (369–286 BC).

Tiruvalluvar (2nd century BC and the 8th century AD; date disputed) in his Tirukkural of the Sangam period of Tamilakam writes of the middle state which is to preserve equity. He emphasises this principle and suggests that the two ways of preserving equity is to be impartial and avoid excess. Parimelalagar was the historical commentator of the Tirukkural.

Judaism
Rambam in Mishneh Torah attributes this method to the first scholars (Chazal), and to Abraham. Indeed, a similar concept exists even in the Rabbinic literature, Tosefta and the Yerushalmi. Yitzhak Arama finds references even in the Bible.

One such instance is Ecclesiastes 7:15-16, where the preacher admonishes his audience to "be not righteous over much" and to "be not over much wicked." Adam Clarke takes the phrase "righteous over much" to mean indulging in too much "austerity and hard study," and concludes that “there is no need of all this watching, fasting, praying, self-denial, etc., you carry things to extremes. Why should you wish to be reputed singular and precise?” Thus, the ideal of the golden mean may have existed as long as six hundred years before Aristotle. However, some scholars, such as Albert Barnes, hold a slightly different interpretation of Ecclesiastes 7:16-17.

Ahead of the times Rambam, 1138-1204 AD (probably due to Plato's and Aristotle’s engagement with Ethics), determined that a person has to take care of his soul as well as his body, and just as a person who is sick in his body turns to the doctor, a person who has mental illness needs to go to the doctor of the soul, which is, according to him, the philosopher or the sage. Rambam opposed the deterministic approach, arguing that a person has free will and the ability to change its properties.

The golden mean is also a core principle in Musar literature in which practitioners are encouraged to bring every character trait (middah; plural middot) into a balanced place between extremes. For example, it is not good to have too much patience, but it is not good to live without any patience at all. Musar can be said to involve being mindful enough to bring one's character traits, thoughts and desires into a balanced state in real time; living one's life in accord with the golden mean.

Christianity
Thomas Aquinas, the medieval Catholic philosopher and theologian, in his Summa Theologiae, Prima Secundæ Partis, Question 64, argued that Christian morality is consistent with the mean: "evil consists in discordance from their rule or measure. Now this may happen either by their exceeding the measure or by their falling short of it[.] ... Therefore it is evident that moral virtue observes the mean."

Islam
Islam promotes the golden mean in many instances. The Quran states an example in finance, in that a person should not spend all he makes as not to be caught needing, and not to be stingy as to not live a comfortable life. Muhammad also had a saying "خير الأمور أوسطها" meaning the best choice is the middle ground/golden mean one. In Quran (Chapter 'The Cow', verse number 143) it is said that, "We have made you a balanced, moderate nation".

Quran quotes the example of two groups of people, calling one of them extremely greedy (Chasing the wealth of the world) in Chapter 'The Cow' verse 96 and to the others as inventors of monasticism (over-zealousness in religion) in Chapter Al-Hadeed verse number 27. Islam counsels its followers to abstain from both these paths of extremities and adopt moderation in chasing the world and practicing religion alike.

Not the least the Quran emphasises that the Muslim community (Umma) is a ’middle nation’ / a 'just community' / an Umma justly balanced / a moderate nation / a midmost nation (ummatan wasaTan) in verse 2-143: a middle between extremism and sloppiness.

Hinduism
Many Hindu texts emphasize middle path. For example in verse 6:16 of Gita warrior Arjuna is told by Krishna that "Yoga is not for one who eats too much, or eats too little, sleeps too much or does not sleep enough.

Rajo guna (Hyper), Satva guna (Balanced) and Tamas (Inactive) are 3 traits of matter. All food, things, feelings, thoughts actions many more are classified under these three.. eons old philosophy.

Modernity
Jacques Maritain, throughout his Introduction to Philosophy (1930), uses the idea of the golden mean to place Aristotelian-Thomist philosophy between the deficiencies and extremes of other philosophers and systems.

Quotations

 * "In many things the middle have the best / Be mine a middle station." — Phocylides
 * "When Coleridge tried to define beauty, he returned always to one deep thought; beauty, he said, is unity in variety! Science is nothing else than the search to discover unity in the wild variety of nature,—or, more exactly, in the variety of our experience.  Poetry, painting, the arts are the same search, in Coleridge’s phrase, for unity in variety." — Jacob Bronowski
 * "…but for harmony beautiful to contemplate, science would not be worth following." — Henri Poincaré.
 * "If a man finds that his nature tends or is disposed to one of these extremes..., he should turn back and improve, so as to walk in the way of good people, which is the right way. The right way is the mean in each group of dispositions common to humanity; namely, that disposition which is equally distant from the two extremes in its class, not being nearer to the one than to the other." — Maimonides
 * "What is wanted is a balance between extravagance and miserliness through moderation, with the goal of distance between both extremes." — al-Ghazali

title: Golden mean (philosophy)


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John Dicks (actor)

John Dicks (born 23 July 1947) is an English stage, film and television actor. His stage work includes appearances with the RSC, and in Andrew Lloyd Webber's flop musical Jeeves in London, 1975, in which he also sang on the rare recording. His film appearances include The Empire Strikes Back (1980), The First Kangaroos (1988), Flirting (1991), Return to the Blue Lagoon (1991) and Queen of the Damned (2002).

title: John Dicks (actor)