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1979 CFL season

The 1979 CFL season is considered to be the 26th season in modern-day Canadian football, although it is officially the 22nd Canadian Football League season.

CFL News in 1979
The Edmonton Eskimos establishes a single season attendance record with 340,239 fans — the most by any Western Conference team.

Final regular season standings
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points

 * Bold text means that they have clinched the playoffs.
 * Edmonton and Montreal have first round byes.

Grey Cup playoffs
The Edmonton Eskimos are the 1979 Grey Cup champions, defeating the Montreal Alouettes, 17–9, in front of their home crowd at Montreal's Olympic Stadium. This was Edmonton's second-straight championship. The Alouettes' David Green (RB) was named the Grey Cup's Most Valuable Player on Offence and Tom Cousineau (LB) was named the Grey Cup's Most Valuable Player on Defence, while Don Sweet (K) was named the Grey Cup's Most Valuable Canadian.

CFL Leaders

 * CFL Passing Leaders
 * CFL Rushing Leaders
 * CFL Receiving Leaders

Offence

 * QB – Tom Wilkinson, Edmonton Eskimos
 * RB – David Green, Montreal Alouettes
 * RB – Larry Key, BC Lions
 * SB – Willie Armstead, Calgary Stampeders
 * TE – Tony Gabriel, Ottawa Rough Riders
 * WR – Waddell Smith, Edmonton Eskimos
 * WR – Brian Kelly, Edmonton Eskimos
 * C – Al Wilson, BC Lions
 * OG – Ray Watrin, Montreal Alouettes
 * OG – Larry Butler, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
 * OT – Mike Wilson, Edmonton Eskimos
 * OT – Lloyd Fairbanks, Calgary Stampeders

Defence

 * DT – Dave Fennell, Edmonton Eskimos
 * DT – John Helton, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
 * DE – Junior Ah You, Montreal Alouettes
 * DE – Reggie Lewis, Calgary Stampeders
 * LB – Danny Kepley, Edmonton Eskimos
 * LB – Ben Zambiasi, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
 * LB – Ron Foxx, Ottawa Rough Riders
 * DB – Dickie Harris, Montreal Alouettes
 * DB – Mike Nelms, Ottawa Rough Riders
 * DB – Gregg Butler, Edmonton Eskimos
 * DB – Ed Jones, Edmonton Eskimos
 * DB – Al Burleson, Calgary Stampeders

Special teams

 * P – Hank Ilesic, Edmonton Eskimos
 * K – Lui Passaglia, BC Lions

Offence

 * QB – Tom Clements, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
 * RB – David Green, Montreal Alouettes
 * RB – Terry Metcalf, Toronto Argonauts
 * SB – Leif Pettersen, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
 * TE – Tony Gabriel, Ottawa Rough Riders
 * WR – Martin Cox, Ottawa Rough Riders
 * WR – Bob Gaddis, Montreal Alouettes
 * C – Doug Smith, Montreal Alouettes
 * OG – Ray Watrin, Montreal Alouettes
 * OG – Larry Butler, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
 * OT – Nick Bastaja, Toronto Argonauts
 * OT – Dan Yochum, Montreal Alouettes

Defence

 * DT – Glen Weir, Montreal Alouettes
 * DT – Mike Raines, Ottawa Rough Riders
 * DE – Junior Ah You, Montreal Alouettes
 * DE – Jim Corrigall, Toronto Argonauts
 * LB – Carl Crennell, Montreal Alouettes
 * LB – Ben Zambiasi, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
 * LB – Ron Foxx, Ottawa Rough Riders
 * DB – Dickie Harris, Montreal Alouettes
 * DB – Mike Nelms, Ottawa Rough Riders
 * DB – Jim Burrow, Montreal Alouettes
 * DB – Tony Proudfoot, Montreal Alouettes
 * DB – Billy Hardee, Toronto Argonauts

Special teams

 * P – Ian Sunter, Toronto Argonauts
 * K – Don Sweet, Montreal Alouettes

Offence

 * QB – Tom Wilkinson, Edmonton Eskimos
 * RB – Jim Germany, Edmonton Eskimos
 * RB – Larry Key, BC Lions
 * SB – Willie Armstead, Calgary Stampeders
 * TE – Harry Holt, BC Lions
 * WR – Waddell Smith, Edmonton Eskimos
 * WR – Brian Kelly, Edmonton Eskimos
 * C – Al Wilson, BC Lions
 * OG – Bill Stevenson, Edmonton Eskimos
 * OG – Eric Upton, Edmonton Eskimos
 * OT – Mike Wilson, Edmonton Eskimos
 * OT – Lloyd Fairbanks, Calgary Stampeders

Defence

 * DT – Dave Fennell, Edmonton Eskimos
 * DT – John Helton, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
 * DE – David Boone, Edmonton Eskimos
 * DE – Reggie Lewis, Calgary Stampeders
 * LB – Danny Kepley, Edmonton Eskimos
 * LB – Glen Jackson, BC Lions
 * LB – Tom Towns, Edmonton Eskimos
 * DB – Terry Irvin, Calgary Stampeders
 * DB – Ray Odums, Calgary Stampeders
 * DB – Gregg Butler, Edmonton Eskimos
 * DB – Ed Jones, Edmonton Eskimos
 * DB – Al Burleson, Calgary Stampeders

Special teams

 * P – Hank Ilesic, Edmonton Eskimos
 * K – Lui Passaglia, BC Lions

1979 CFL Awards

 * CFL's Most Outstanding Player Award – David Green (RB), Montreal Alouettes
 * CFL's Most Outstanding Canadian Award – Dave "Dr. Death" Fennell (DT), Edmonton Eskimos
 * CFL's Most Outstanding Defensive Player Award – Ben Zambiasi (LB), Hamilton Tiger-Cats
 * CFL's Most Outstanding Offensive Lineman Award – Mike Wilson (OT), Edmonton Eskimos
 * CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie Award – Brian Kelly (WR), Edmonton Eskimos
 * CFLPA's Outstanding Community Service Award – John Helton (DT), Winnipeg Blue Bombers
 * CFL's Coach of the Year – Hugh Campbell, Edmonton Eskimos

title: 1979 CFL season


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User talk:DavidJ~enwiki

Welcome to Wikipedia!
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If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 04:54, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called DavidJ. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name DavidJ~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:22, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:59, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:DavidJ~enwiki


text:
User talk:Sfgiants222

Welcome to Wikipedia!
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If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 04:54, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Larrydavid.gif
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title: User talk:Sfgiants222


text:
Watermark (disambiguation)

A watermark is a recognizable image or pattern in paper used to determine authenticity.

Watermark or watermarking may also refer to:

Technology

 * Digital watermarking, a technique to embed data in digital audio, images or video
 * Audio watermark, techniques for embedding hidden information into audio signals
 * Watermark (data file), a method for ensuring data integrity which combines aspects of data hashing and digital watermarking
 * Watermark (data synchronization), directory synchronization related programming terminology
 * Watermarking attack, an attack on disk encryption methods

Films

 * Watermark (2013 film), a documentary film directed by Jennifer Baichwal and Edward Burtynsky
 * Watermark (2003 film), an Australian film directed by Georgina Willis and produced by Kerry Rock.
 * Watermarks (film), a 2004 documentary film about the Viennese Hakoah swim team

Music

 * Watermark (Art Garfunkel album), a 1977 album by Art Garfunkel
 * Watermark (Enya album), a 1988 album by Enya
 * Watermark (band), the CCM singing duo Nathan and Christy Nockels
 * "Watermark", a song by Mae Moore from her 1995 album Dragonfly
 * "Watermark", a song by The Weakerthans from their 2000 album Left and Leaving

Organizations

 * Watermark Inc., a radio syndication company
 * Shenhua Watermark coal mine

Other uses

 * Watermark, a 1992 book by Joseph Brodsky

title: Watermark (disambiguation)


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Private equity fund

A private equity fund (abbreviated as PE fund) is a collective investment scheme used for making investments in various equity (and to a lesser extent debt) securities according to one of the investment strategies associated with private equity. Private equity funds are typically limited partnerships with a fixed term of 10 years (often with one- or two-year extensions). At inception, institutional investors make an unfunded commitment to the limited partnership, which is then drawn over the term of the fund. From the investors' point of view, funds can be traditional (where all the investors invest with equal terms) or asymmetric (where different investors have different terms).

A private equity fund is raised and managed by investment professionals of a specific private-equity firm (the general partner and investment advisor). Typically, a single private-equity firm will manage a series of distinct private-equity funds and will attempt to raise a new fund every 3 to 5 years as the previous fund is fully invested.

Legal structure and terms
Most private-equity funds are structured as limited partnerships and are governed by the terms set forth in the limited partnership agreement (LPA). Such funds have a general partner, which raises capital from cash-rich institutional investors, such as pension plans, universities, insurance companies, foundations, endowments, and high-net-worth individuals, which invest as limited partners (LPs) in the fund. Among the terms set forth in the limited partnership agreement are the following:

 * Term of the partnership
 * The partnership is usually a fixed-life investment vehicle that is typically 10 years plus some number of extensions.

 * Management fees
 * An annual payment made by the investors in the fund to the fund's manager to pay for the private-equity firm's investment operations (typically 1 to 2% of the committed capital of the fund).

 * Distribution waterfall
 * The process by which the returned capital will be distributed to the investor, and allocated between limited and general partner. This waterfall includes the preferred return : a minimum rate of return (e.g. 8%) which must be achieved before the general partner can receive any carried interest, and the carried interest, the share of the profits paid the general partner above the preferred return (e.g. 20%).

 * Transfer of an interest in the fund
 * Private equity funds are not intended to be transferred or traded; however, they can be transferred to another investor. Typically, such a transfer must receive the consent of and is at the discretion of the fund's manager.

 * Restrictions on the general partner
 * The fund's manager has significant discretion to make investments and control the affairs of the fund. However, the LPA does have certain restrictions and controls and is often limited in the type, size, or geographic focus of investments permitted, and how long the manager is permitted to make new investments.

The following is an illustration of the difference between a private-equity fund and a private-equity firm:

Investments and financing
A private-equity fund typically makes investments in companies (known as portfolio companies). These portfolio company investments are funded with the capital raised from LPs, and may be partially or substantially financed by debt. Some private equity investment transactions can be highly leveraged with debt financing—hence the acronym LBO for "leveraged buy-out". The cash flow from the portfolio company usually provides the source for the repayment of such debt. While billion dollar private equity investments make the headlines, private-equity funds also play a large role in middle market businesses.

Such LBO financing most often comes from commercial banks, although other financial institutions, such as hedge funds and mezzanine funds, may also provide financing. Since mid-2007, debt financing has become much more difficult to obtain for private-equity funds than in previous years.

LBO funds commonly acquire most of the equity interests or assets of the portfolio company through a newly created special purpose acquisition subsidiary controlled by the fund, and sometimes as a consortium of several like-minded funds.

Multiples and prices
The acquisition price of a portfolio company is usually based on a multiple of the company's historical income, most often based on the measure of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. Private equity multiples are highly dependent on the portfolio company's industry, the size of the company, and the availability of LBO financing.

Portfolio company sales (exits)
A private-equity fund's ultimate goal is to sell or exit its investments in portfolio companies for a return, known as internal rate of return (IRR) in excess of the price paid. These exit scenarios historically have been an initial public offering of the portfolio company or a sale of the company to a strategic acquirer through a merger or acquisition, also known as a trade sale. A sale of the portfolio company to another private-equity firm, also known as a secondary, has become a common feature of developed private equity markets.

In prior years, another exit strategy has been a preferred dividend by the portfolio company to the private-equity fund to repay the capital investment, sometimes financed with additional debt.

Investment features and considerations
Considerations for investing in private-equity funds relative to other forms of investment include:

 * Substantial entry requirements
 * With most private-equity funds requiring significant initial commitment (usually upwards of $1,000,000), which can be drawn at the manager's discretion over the first few years of the fund.

 * Limited liquidity
 * Investments in limited partnership interests (the dominant legal form of private equity investments) are referred to as illiquid investments, which should earn a premium over traditional securities, such as stocks and bonds. Once invested, liquidity of invested funds may be very difficult to achieve before the manager realizes the investments in the portfolio because an investor's capital may be locked-up in long-term investments for as long as twelve years. Distributions may be made only as investments are converted to cash with limited partners typically having no right to demand that sales be made.

 * Investment control
 * Nearly all investors in private equity are passive and rely on the manager to make investments and generate liquidity from those investments. Typically, governance rights for limited partners in private-equity funds are minimal. However, in some cases, limited partners with substantial investment enjoy special rights and terms of investment.

 * Unfunded commitments
 * An investor's commitment to a private-equity fund is satisfied over time as the general partner makes capital calls on the investor. If a private-equity firm cannot find suitable investment opportunities, it will not draw on an investor's commitment, and an investor may potentially invest less than expected or committed.

 * Investment risks
 * Given the risks associated with private equity investments, an investor can lose all of its investment. The risk of loss of capital is typically higher in venture capital funds, which invest in companies during the earliest phases of their development or in companies with high amounts of financial leverage. By their nature, investments in privately held companies tend to be riskier than investments in publicly traded companies.

 * High returns
 * Consistent with the risks outlined above, private equity can provide high returns, with the best private equity managers significantly outperforming the public markets.

For the above-mentioned reasons, private-equity fund investment is for investors who can afford to have capital locked up for long periods and who can risk losing significant amounts of money. These disadvantages are offset by the potential benefits of annual returns, which may range up to 30% per annum for successful funds.

title: Private equity fund


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User talk:Dakota (renamed)

Hello, Leave messages here.

title: User talk:Dakota (renamed)


text:
Phi Boötis

Phi Boötis (φ Boötis) is a single, yellow-hued star in the northern constellation of Boötes. It is dimly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +5.24. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 19.22 mas as seen from the Earth, it is located 170 light years from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude is diminished by an extinction of 0.09 due to interstellar dust. It is moving closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −10.6 km/s.

The stellar classification of Phi Boötis is G7 III-IV Fe-2, which would suggest it is an evolving G-type star that shows spectral traits of both a subgiant and a giant star. However, Alves (2000) has it listed as a member of the so-called "red clump", indicating that it is an aging giant star that is generating energy through helium fusion at its core. The 'Fe-2' suffix notation in its class means that it displays a significant underabundance of iron in its spectrum. Around three billion years old, Phi Boötis has an estimated 1.43 times the mass of the Sun and 5 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 17 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of about 4,945 K.

title: Phi Boötis


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Galatea 2.2

Galatea 2.2 is a 1995 pseudo-autobiographical novel by American writer Richard Powers and a contemporary reworking of the Pygmalion myth. The book's narrator shares the same name as Powers, with the book referencing events and books in the author's life while mentioning other events that may or may not be based upon Powers' life.

Plot summary
The main narrative tells the story of Powers' return to his alma mater – referred to in the novel as simply "U.", but clearly based on the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the school Powers attended and teaches at as a professor – after he has ended a long and torrid relationship with a loving but volatile woman, referred to as "C." Powers is an in-house author for the university, and lives for free for one year. He finds himself unable to write any more books, and spends the first portion of the novel attempting to write, but never getting past the first line.

Powers then meets a computer scientist named Philip Lentz. Intrigued by Lentz's overbearing personality and unorthodox theories, Powers eventually agrees to participate in an experiment involving artificial intelligence. Lentz bets his fellow scientists that he can build a computer that can produce an analysis of a literary text that is indistinguishable from one produced by a human. It is Powers' task to "teach" the machine. After going through several unsuccessful versions, Powers and Lentz produce a computer model (dubbed "Helen") that is able to communicate like a human. It is not clear to the reader or to Powers whether she is simulating human thought or actually experiencing it. Powers tutors the computer, first by reading it canonical works of literature, then narrating current events, and eventually telling it the story of his own life, in the process developing a complicated relationship with the machine.

The novel also consists of extensive flashbacks to Powers' relationship with C., from their first meeting at U., to their bohemian life in Boston, to their move to C.'s family's town in the Netherlands.

The novel culminates with Helen being unable to bear the realities of the world, and "leaving" Powers. She asks Powers to "see everything" for her, and subsequently shuts herself down. Her exit from the world forces Powers to experience a rebirth. In addition, Powers realizes that he was Lentz's experiment: would he or wouldn't he be able to teach a computer? Through the transformation he experiences, he is suddenly able to interact with the world, and he can write again.

Characters

 * Richard Powers: The central character of the novel, Powers shares certain traits and experiences with the novelist without being a complete copy of the author.
 * Lentz: Lentz is a sarcastic and brilliant researcher and scientist. He creates Helen in an effort to explore the workings of the human brain, to somehow discover how a mere biological accident could so destroy the woman he loved.
 * Helen: Helen is the creation of Lentz and Richard; Lentz builds her, and Richard educates her. She is a net, spread out over innumerable computers, and she is taught using the literary canon. Only when she is exposed to reality—the murder, rage, etc. that characterize daily news and the human world—does she realize fully that she does not belong nor does she wish to belong in this world. One of the central arguments of the book comes from Helen and whether she has human emotions, or is simply simulating human emotion.

Background
Richard Powers, the author, graduated from the University of Illinois, where he learned computer programming as a user of PLATO.

Reviews and critiques
Reception for the book has been mostly positive, with the Los Angeles Times praising the novel. The New York Times wrote that Galatea 2.2 was "complex" and a "heady and provocative experiment". The Washington Times expressed that the book "may not be the easiest to access, but will prove as enchanting as any." The New York Times reported that the novel "caused a small sensation among artificial intelligence specialists and neuroscientists"; philosopher Daniel Dennett sent Powers a fan letter eight pages long.

Awards and nominations

 * Finalist, 1995 National Book Critics Circle Award
 * Time magazine Best Books of the Year, 1995
 * New York Times Notable Book, 1995

title: Galatea 2.2


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Gao Qiu

Gao Qiu (1076?–1126) was a Chinese politician who lived during the Song dynasty and served in the court of Emperor Huizong. In the classical novel Water Margin, he is fictionalised as one of the primary antagonists and a nemesis of the protagonists, the 108 Heroes of Mount Liang.

Life
Gao Qiu was presumably born around 1076 AD.

According to the Chinese historical text Huizhulu (揮麈錄) by Wang Mingqing, Gao Qiu was from Kaifeng - then the capital of the empire - and his father was Gao Dunfu (高敦復). He had two brothers and four sons. The second child of his family, he was named by his father.

Career
Gao Qiu was a servant of the poet and statesman Su Shi (Su Dongpo) before moving on to serve the artist Wang Shen. According to the Huizhulu, he was a skilled writer. He met Emperor Huizong in around November 1109 AD; during the emperor's reign he participated in battles under Liu Zhongwu's command and followed Lin Shu on a diplomatic mission to the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. As the emperor highly favoured him, he rose through the ranks quickly and became Grand Marshal (太尉) in 1117 AD, only 8 years after his patron's ascension to the throne. The emperor's liking for Gao was the result of the latter's skill at Cuju, a sport the monarch greatly enjoyed; he was further pleased by Gao Qiu's literary and artistic talents. Beyond these superficial qualities, however, it is believed that Gao made great contributions to Emperor Huizong's reign.

As Gao built a successful career, he accumulated fame and riches for his family, while unscrupulously undermining his enemies. He recommended the son of his old superior Liu Zhongwu to Emperor Huizong, setting him on the path to becoming a famous general. He also took great care of Su Shi's disciples with financial aid and respect.

After Emperor Huizong's abdication on 18 January 1126, Gao's influence in the Song imperial court decreased and he died of illness in 1126. He was posthumously removed from office for corrupting the army and government.

Comments on Gao Qiu in reality
Gao Qiu not only relied on good Cuju to be favored, but also his artistic interest and lifestyle that attracted Emperor Huizong very much. Therefore, in fact their relationship had exceeded the relationship between general monarch and minister, to the relationship of good friends. This should be the reason why he was favoured for over 25 years.

Gao Qiu was not as ungrateful as recorded in the novel Water Margin, but a person who was considerate in return. He took care of Su Shi's disciples when they were severely suppressed by Emperor Huizong. Liu Zhongwu was once Gao Qiu's superior and helped him get promoted. After Gao Qiu became Grand Marshal, he recommended the son of Liu Zhongwu, Liu Qi, who later became a famous general against Jin. From these two things we can see what kind of person Gao Qiu was.

Gao Qiu's depictions in fiction
In Water Margin, Gao Qiu is one of the chief villains of the classical novel Water Margin. Gao Qiu, who was a street punk, was even kicked out of the house by his father. Because of his good Cuju skills, he was appreciated by Emperor Huizong, who loved Cuju very much. Later, when Emperor Huizong enthroned to become the Emperor of the country, Gao Qiu made rapid advances in one's career, and was soon promoted to Grand Marshal, which was the highest official in charge of military affairs in ancient China. Once such a person is in power, he will act indiscriminately. Disregarding the original intentions of Liangshan heroes to "serve the country with all their loyalty" and "contribute to the country", he colluded with traitors and ganged up to encircle Liangshan and destroy the court to recruit peace. Gao Qiu set up a false accusation against Lin Chong who was a role of justice in Water Margin so that Lin Chong was sent to Cangzhou, which was a remote wilderness, because his adopted son Gao Yanei had a crush on Lin Chong's wife. He then sent Lu Qian to kill Lin Chong, but Lu Qian was finally killed by Lin Chong. The incident drove Lin Chong to revolt and go up to Liangshan where righteous characters in Water Margin gathered. After Liangshan grew stronger and stronger, Gao Qiu led a crusade against Liangshan and wanted to eradicate the people on Liangshan. However, he was captured alive. After Song Jiang, who was the chief of the righteous characters in the Water Margin, is summoned to settle the rebellion for the government, Gao Qiu still suspects the people of Liangshan and kills Lu Junyi and Song Jiang with poisoned wine. Ruan Xiaoqi was also deprived of office by Gao Qiu's henchmen and demoted to a civilian.

The famous critic Jin Shengtan once claimed that: "Before writing about 180 people in Water Margin, the writer first writes about Gao Qiu. You can see that there are problems in the government." Yes, after Gao Qiu was no longer in power, the same group of people, with the help of Grand Marshal Su, another upright Grand Marshal, became the backbone of the court again. The social reality that officials forced the people to rebel has once again been proved.

In Dangkouzhi, a Chinese historical novel，Gao Qiu colluded with Cai Jing, another traitor in Water Margin, to frame Liangshan, but was killed by Lei Heng and Zhu Tong. Zhu Tong gave his head to Lin Chong and wanted to cure him, but Lin Chong was mad at his head.

title: Gao Qiu


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Talk:Maria Flor

— J I P | Talk 04:57, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Maria Flor


text:
38 Boötis

38 Boötis is a single star in the northern constellation of Boötes, located approximately 157 light years from the Sun. It has the traditional name Merga and the Bayer designation h Boötis; 38 Boötis is the star's Flamsteed designation. This object is visible to the naked eye as a dim, yellow-white hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.76. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −4.5 km/s.

This is a sharp-lined ('s') subgiant star with a stellar classification of F6 IVs, which indicates it has consumed the hydrogen at its core and is evolving off the main sequence. It is about 1.7 billion years old and is spinning with a relatively low projected rotational velocity of 10 km/s, as indicated by the sharp lines. The star has 1.6 times the mass of the Sun and 2.5 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 9.5 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,591 K.

Nomenclature
It has the traditional name Merga, occasionally spelled Marrha or in full El Mara el Musalsela, from the Arabic المرأة المسلسلة al-mar'ah al-musalsalah "the chained woman". Another occasional name was Falx Italica, from the Latin falx ītalica "billhook". In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Merga for this star on 12 September 2016 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.

title: 38 Boötis


text: User talk:68.8.248.159

title: User talk:68.8.248.159


text:
Talk:Ngoyo

Cleanup tag
I'm not sure I see the need for the cleanup tag, so I've pulled it from the article; if anybody sees a reason why it should stay, though, please explain here and I'll try to fix the article up myself. Cheers, --Dvyost 02:08, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ngoyo


text:
England men's national basketball team

The England national basketball team is organised by Basketball England, the sport's governing body in England. England's direct membership of FIBA ended in September 2016, when its national teams were merged into Great Britain teams, so England no longer play in FIBA competitions. England competed in the 2018 Commonwealth Games, finishing in fifth place.

England's biggest success were its four qualifications to EuroBasket, the European championship in basketball. The team won the bronze medal at the 2006 Commonwealth Games.

Eurobasket 1946
England's first European championship appearance was at Eurobasket 1946. They lost all four of the games that they played, and subsequently finished last in the field of ten teams.

Eurobasket 1955
A few years later, England qualified for the Eurobasket 1955 in Budapest, where the English Team had a couple of strong showings. After losing their preliminary round games they beat Switzerland, a major player at the global stage until the mid-50s. The victory marked England's first victory at a major international basketball event. Later, England outscored Austria as well. Eventually, the team placed second in the five teams of the classification group, moving to the 9–12 classification semifinals. There, however, England could not take advantage of the gained self-confidence and lost the next two games. Overall, England finished in 12th place out of the 18 teams, a considerable improvement from its last eurobasket appearance in 1946.

Eurobasket 1961 and 1981
Despite the improvements in the preceding years, Team England did not do well at the Eurobasket 1961 or the Eurobasket 1981 and lost most games. Its lone victory, however, came in 1981 when they beat the elite team of Greece. This victory still stands as one of the major surprises in the history of the tournament.

Melbourne 2006
The men's and women's teams were competing for the first time as England in a major multi-sport event, and it was the first Commonwealth Games in which basketball was featured.

The men's team included Steve Bucknall, the second Englishman to play in the NBA. John Amaechi, who played 284 games in the NBA, came out of retirement to participate in Melbourne. Having lost to Australia in the semi-finals, they faced Nigeria in the Bronze medal match. The teams were tied at 15 points to end the first quarter. Robert Reed and Andrew Bridge led the way as England found their stride in the second phase, and they pulled away in the second half of play. Reed played like a snake possessed and was the top scorer for England with 16 points and dominating the Nigerians who had no answer to his all action style. Michael Martin also contributed with 13 points. England won the game 80–57 to claim the first bronze medal in Commonwealth Games basketball

Team
 * Antony Burns
 * Jermaine Forbes
 * Andrew Bridge
 * Ronnie Baker
 * Delme Herriman
 * Andrew Sullivan
 * Fabulous Flournoy
 * Mike Martin
 * Robert Reed
 * John Amaechi
 * Julius Joseph
 * Richard Windle

Coaching Staff
 * Coach – Peter Scantlebury
 * Assistant coach – Michael Hayles
 * Assistant coach – Tim Lewis

Olympic Games
A red box around the year indicates tournaments played within England Played alongside Scotland and Wales as Team Great Britain.

FIBA World Cup
Played alongside Scotland and Wales as Team Great Britain.

Eurobasket
Played alongside Scotland and Wales as Team Great Britain.

Current squad
At the FIBA EuroBasket 2003 qualification: (last official squad before formation of Team Great Britain)

Past squad
1946 EuroBasket: finished 10th among 10 teams

Colin Hunt, Douglas Legg, John Hart, Ronald Legg, Frank Cole, Arthur Lee, Derius Hewitt, Stanley Weston, Ken Dight, Charles Watson (Coach: W.Browning)

1948 Olympic Games: finished 20th among 23 teams

Colin Hunt, Douglas Legg, Ronald Legg, Frank Cole, Robert Norris, Stanley Weston, Lionel Price, Trevor Davies, Malcolm Finlay, Stanley McMeekan, Sydney McMeekan, Alexander Eke, Harry Weston

1955 EuroBasket: finished 12th among 18 teams

Arthur Cladingboel, Reg Fearn, William James, Gordon Cook, Dennis Wilkinson, Colin Wedge, Alan Bruce, Ugo Agnelli, Wilf Byrne, Keith Ledbrook, Michael Roblou, Ronald Rix, N.Smith

1961 EuroBasket: finished 19th among 19 teams

Raymond Kirk, Kornel Tober, Alan Wardle, Peter Creasey, Wilfred Byrne, Alan Tillot, Alan Hildyard, Ronald Hextall, Geoffrey Kaiser, Dennis Wakefield, George Whitmore, Terry Keogh (Coach: Thomas Vaughan)

1981 EuroBasket: finished 12th among 12 teams

David Lloyd, Neville Hopkins, David Berry, Martin Clark, Paul Richards, Nick Burns, Clive Hartley, Jim McCauley, Ian Day, Paul Stimpson, Dan Lloyd, Karl Tatham (Coach: Victor Ambler)

title: England men's national basketball team


text:
User:Varam

Hello! This is my user page.

title: User:Varam


text:
Talk:Metahuman

I'm afraid I must challenge the presentation that DC comics or comics at all generated the term "metahuman", as I seem to recollect usage of this term in old SF films, and it was probably appearing in SF novels too before DC used it.
 * I'd have to agree here. I wouldn't even say DC popularized it, or even is the most comon use of it.  Maybe separating this into sections for comics, books and other subjects might be better? Ipstenu 19:43, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

I'm curious as to where the information on Marvel usage comes from, too... in my not inconsiderable experience with reading Marvel Comics, they seem to use metahuman as one would expect it to be used... as a convenient catch-all for "more than human", "superhuman", and "non-human"... i.e., if you need one word that describes Spider-man, Thor, and a mutant, it's "metahuman." I've never seen it used to describe anything as precise and narrow as a particular level of physical durability. I'm not touching this right now, because it's possible somebody has seen something in a "Who's Who" type book that I haven't... but I'd like to see a source on it, if there is one.Alexandra Erin 06:46, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I suspect it's becuase Marvel's skewed towards 'mutants' (ala X-Men) and people forget that the F4 and Spidey (and pretty much everyone up to the X-people) were humans who had 'something' happen to them. I'm more a DC person, and it wasn't until 'recently' (Post Crisis) that I ever noticed anything about meta-humans. That's why I suggested maybe breaking this out into 'usage in media' ... but I don't rememeber enough about Marvel to feel justified in doing it :) Ipstenu 18:34, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Top image
The image used at the top of the article is a poor choice, because I believe that it is generally understood that characters such as Batman, Robin, and Green Arrow, are not metahuman (super powered), but humans with extraordinarily well-developed "normal" abilities. dfg 14:51, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

Homo Magi
Homo Magi now points to an actual page instead of a redirect to Zatanna. --Basique 20:23, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

"Uses in reality"
Okay, what's the deal with this bit? It seems rather silly. 172.151.75.189 06:40, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

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Why limit this article to the DCU term?
On 29 May 2015, someone edited the page to remove all traces of non-DCU usage of the term for no apparent reason other than the vague "cleanup" statement. I see no valid reason for such a drastic narrowing of the word, and would propose that the page be made a disambiguation for the multiple uses, with the DCU definition being given its own article under a separate name (e.g. "Metahuman (DC Comics)"). MarqFJA87 (talk) 11:01, 31 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I agree. At the very least Shadowrun and Superworld should have sections on the page explaining their different takes on the term. 82.153.127.94 (talk) 12:23, 4 September 2016 (UTC)

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Requested move 14 March 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: no consensus to move the page at this time, per the discussion below. Dekimasu よ! 23:42, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

Metahuman → Metahuman (DC Comics) – "Metahuman" appears to be a relatively common alternative fictional term for "mutant". Its structure of "meta" and "human" is simple enough that I'm not sure its DC Comics incarnation can lay claim to it in its entirety. In fact, the article itself states that the term was used prior to DC Comics using it. It should be the WP:PRIMARYREDIRECT to Mutants in fiction. ZXCVBNM (TALK) 02:31, 14 March 2018 (UTC)

 * Oppose - DC usage is WP:PRIMARYTOPIC, and not all metahumans are mutants. Genetics is a common reason for some to gain metahuman abilities, but odd scientific accidents or other external causes could result in the same. Might I suggest a hatnote first if you really think its confusing? -- Netoholic @  03:48, 14 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose for now. The claim about usage prior to DC is unsourced, and I'm not comfortable using it as the basis for a move. Argento Surfer (talk) 13:06, 14 March 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Total mess
This article is a huge mess. Just from a cursory glance, it lists the 'creator' of Metahumans as "Shana". The context is so vague that I can't tell if it's supposed to refer to the creation of the real-world term or the in-universe sub-species. I would assume it's supposed to be the former, but all I can find about "Shana" revolving around Metahumans is Dangaronpa fanfiction and a DC Metahuman name Shauna Belzer, neither are the "creators". Beyond that, levitation is in no way an inherent ability to even DC metahumans, much less the more abstract and broader term.

Furthermore, as other have mentioned before, Metahuman is not an inherently DC term, and so this article should be split, 'Metahuman' and 'Metahumans in DC Comics, with the main page being its broad overall usage.--Amelia-the-comic-geek (talk) 22:55, 28 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I somehow missed the move request earlier, my bad.--Amelia-the-comic-geek (talk) 22:57, 28 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Metahuman


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dreptul la timp

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Rob Church Talk 01:40, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Dreptul la timp
Apparently non-notable poem in a foreign language. Nom&vote delete Gaff 04:58, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment it's by Nichita Stănescu. Not much point in merging a single foreign-language poem though.   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   07:56, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment One of the Wikimedia projects (is it Wikisource?) welcomes poems if they're not copyrighted. If this poem is copyrighted, as it well might be (given the age of the poet), that's another matter. So there are a few reasonable alternatives: (1) transfer to another Wikimedia project; (2) rewrite this article to discuss the poem in an encyclopedic way; (3) delete if copyright violation. Fg2 01:27, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Copyvio Romania is a Berne Convention signatory and has been since before Nichita Stănescu was born. Physchim62 16:01, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
This House (Tracie Spencer song)

"This House" is a song by American singer–songwriter Tracie Spencer. This song was the second single released from Spencer's second album, Make the Difference (1990). Issued via the Capitol Records label, the single was released on November 7, 1990 when Spencer was just 14 years old.

"This House" was Spencer's second consecutive top-10 hit on the US Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart, where it peaked at number seven, and became her most successful single on the Billboard Hot 100, reaching number three in March 1991. Outside the US, "This House" peaked at number 41 in Canada and number 26 in New Zealand, and it became a minor hit in Australia and the United Kingdom.

Track listings
US 12-inch single
 * A1. "This House" (vocal remix) – 7:50
 * A2. "This House" (7-inch remix) – 4:39
 * A3. "This House" (ambient dub) – 6:38
 * B1. "This House" (LP version) – 5:05
 * B2. "This House" (radio edit) – 4:46
 * B3. "This House" (instrumental) – 5:11

US cassette single
 * 1) "This House" (LP version)
 * 2) "This House" (radio edit)
 * 3) "I Have a Song to Sing" (LP version)

UK and Australian 7-inch single; Australian cassette single
 * 1) "This House" (7-inch radio edit) – 3:54
 * 2) "I Have a Song to Sing" (LP version) – 4:37

UK 12-inch single
 * A1. "This House" (vocal remix) – 7:50
 * B1. "This House" (ambient dub) – 6:38
 * B2. "This House" (7-inch remix) – 4:39

UK CD single
 * 1) "This House" (radio edit)
 * 2) "I Have a Song to Sing" (LP version)
 * 3) "This House" (vocal remix)

Japanese mini-CD single
 * 1) "This House" (single version)
 * 2) "This House" (club mix)

title: This House (Tracie Spencer song)


text:
Laughlin River Lodge

The Laughlin River Lodge (formerly Sam's Town Gold River, Gold River and River Palms) is a hotel and casino on the banks of the Colorado River in Laughlin, Nevada. It is owned and operated by Richard Craig Estey (Nevada Restaurant Services). The property includes a 41000 sqft casino and 1,000 hotel rooms in a 25-story tower. The resort has 653 slot machines and a bingo parlor.

History
The resort was created by Las Vegas real estate developer John Midby. It opened in 1984 as Sam's Town Gold River, later shortened to Gold River. A 25-story, 778-room hotel tower was opened in May 1990, and the gaming facilities were also expanded. Boyd Gaming operated the property until their contract was ended in March 1991.

Gold River filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1996. Businessman Allen Paulson took ownership of the reorganized company a year later, having paid an estimated $28 million for the property's $90 million in debt. It was quietly renamed as the River Palms in June 1998 and held a grand opening that October. The hotel underwent a major renovation in 1999.

Paulson died in 2000 and Columbia Sussex bought the property from his estate in 2004. After Columbia's gaming businesses went into bankruptcy, Tropicana Entertainment emerged in March 2010 with most of the company's casinos, including the River Palms.

In May 2013, Tropicana agreed to sell the River Palms for $7 million to M1 Gaming, owner of Boomtown Reno, but the sale never went through. In September 2014, Tropicana sold the River Palms for $6.75 million to Nevada Restaurant Services, and it was renamed as the Laughlin River Lodge.

title: Laughlin River Lodge


text:
User talk:TheLightOfTruth

Rob Larrikin
I have placed a tag on the article Rob Larrikin, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. I did this because the article seems to be a biographical account about a person but it does not indicate how or why that person is notable. If the person really is notable, I advise you to edit the article promptly to indicate why, and also put a note on Talk:Rob Larrikin. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. You might also want to read our criteria for speedy deletion, particularly item 7 under Articles.

60.234.144.135 05:00, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:TheLightOfTruth


text:
Proprotein convertase 1

Proprotein convertase 1, also known as prohormone convertase, prohormone convertase 3, or neuroendocrine convertase 1 and often abbreviated as PC1/3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PCSK1 gene. PCSK1 and PCSK2 differentially cleave proopiomelanocortin and they act together to process proinsulin and proglucagon in pancreatic islets.

Function
PC1/3 is an enzyme that performs the proteolytic cleavage of prohormones to their intermediate (or sometimes completely cleaved) forms. It is present only in neuroendocrine cells such as brain, pituitary and adrenal, and most often cleaves after a pair of basic residues within prohormones but can occasionally cleave after a single arginine. It binds to a protein known as proSAAS, which also represents its endogenous inhibitor. PC1 is synthesized as a 99 kDa proform quickly converted to an 87 kDa major active form, which itself is nearly completely cleaved to a 66 kDa active form within neuroendocrine cells.

Proprotein convertase 1 is the enzyme largely responsible for the first step in the biosynthesis of insulin. Following the action of proprotein convertase 1, a carboxypeptidase is required to remove the basic residues from the processing intermediate and generate the bioactive form of insulin. Another prohormone convertase, proprotein convertase 2 plays a more minor role in the first step of insulin biosynthesis, but a greater role in the first step of glucagon biosynthesis. The knockout of proprotein convertase 1 is not lethal in mice or humans, most likely due to the presence of the second convertase, although mice lacking proprotein convertase 1 activity show a number of defects including slow growth.

Proprotein convertase 1 is a calcium (Ca2+) activated serine endoprotease (meaning that a serine residue is part of the active site that hydrolyzes the peptide bond within the substrate). It is related to the bacterial enzyme known as subtilisin. There are nine subtilisin homologs in mammals; in addition to proprotein convertase 1 and 2, other members of this enzyme family include furin, PACE4, PC4, PC5/6, PC7/8, PCSK9, and SKI1/S1P.

Proprotein convertase 1 converts prorenin into renin.

Clinical significance
Variants in the PCSK1 gene may be associated with obesity.

title: Proprotein convertase 1


text: User talk:61.9.219.184

title: User talk:61.9.219.184


text:
Delta Boötis

Delta Boötis, Latinized from δ Boötis, is a double star in the northern constellation of Boötes, forming the easternmost member of the constellation's kite-shaped asterism of brighter stars. Based upon parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of approximately 120.5 ly from the Earth. This star is sometimes called Princeps, meaning prince or prime in Latin. The origin of this name is unclear, although it usually appears in an astrological context. The apparent visual magnitude of this star is 3.5, making it visible to the naked eye even during a Full Moon. The magnitude 7.81 companion can be viewed in binoculars or a small telescope.

In Chinese, 七公 (Qī Gōng), meaning Seven Excellencies, refers to an asterism consisting of δ Boötis, 42 Herculis, τ Herculis, φ Herculis, χ Herculis, ν1 Boötis and μ1 Boötis. Consequently, the Chinese name for δ Boötis itself is 七公七 (Qī Gōng qī, the Seventh Star of Seven Excellencies.)

Properties
This system consists of a pair of stars located in physical proximity to each other and sharing a similar motion through space, suggesting that they may form a binary star system. Based upon their angular separation and their distance, they have a projected separation of 3,800 Astronomical Units (AU). If they are gravitationally bound to each other, the orbital period of the system would be at least 120,000 years.

The brighter member of the pair has a stellar classification of G8 III, indicating that it has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and evolved into a giant star. It now has a radius more than eleven times the radius of the Sun. Compared to the Sun, this star appears deficient in elements other than hydrogen and helium—what astronomers term the star's metallicity. The outer envelope of this star has an effective temperature of 4,810 K, which is what gives it the characteristic yellow hue of a G-type star.

The secondary component has a stellar classification of G0 V, which suggests it is a main sequence star that may be similar in physical properties to the Sun. The apparent visual magnitude of this star is 7.81, making it much less luminous than the primary component.

title: Delta Boötis


text: User talk:219.89.238.42

title: User talk:219.89.238.42


text: Talk:Alternative people

title: Talk:Alternative people


text:
Elizabeth Yates (mayor)

Elizabeth Yates (née Oman, 1840 – 6 September 1918) was a New Zealand politician who served as the mayor of Onehunga borough for most of 1894. She was the first female mayor in the British Empire. Outside the British Empire, she was preceded by Susanna M. Salter who was elected mayor of Argonia, Kansas in 1887. Onehunga is now part of the city of Auckland.

Life
Yates was born Elizabeth Oman in Caithness, Scotland in 1840. She came to New Zealand with her family in November 1852 aboard the Berwick Castle and apparently lived in the Onehunga area from 1855 on. She married Michael Yates, master mariner, in 1875. He was on the Onehunga Borough Council, a councillor from 1885 and mayor from 1888 to 1892.

Career
Yates was already involved in politics through her strong support of the women's suffrage movement, as well as participation in the debates of the Auckland Union Parliament.

Earlier in 1893, after her husband had stood down from his post due to ill health in 1892, she had accepted the nomination for the office of mayor and in November defeated her opponent, F. W. Court, at the polls (also automatically becoming a Justice of the Peace) in a close race decided by only 13 votes. Yates became mayor of Onehunga on 16 January 1894. The election made international news and brought her congratulations from Premier Richard Seddon and Queen Victoria.

She was met with strong opposition from a hard core of local councillors, town clerks and members of the public (four councillors and the town clerk resigned in response to her election), and they often disrupted meetings and orchestrated opposition to her every proposal. It is noted by some critics that she did not help her own cause by being 'tactless' and 'dictatorial' in her manner. In November 1894, mayoralty was again contested. Yates ran again but was defeated at the polls by a significant margin.

Yates later returned as a councillor to the Borough Council for two years between 1899 and 1901. Even her opponents conceded that she had been very effective during her short tenure, having liquidated the borough debt, established a sinking fund, reorganised the fire brigade, upgraded roads, footpaths and sanitation, and having personally lobbied the government to authorise the reopening of the Waikaraka cemetery.

Later life
Following the death of her husband in 1902 and the decline of her political career, Yates suffered with dementia and alcoholism. She was committed to Auckland Mental Hospital in Avondale in 1909 until her death on 6 September 1918.

She was buried with her husband in the cemetery at St Peter's Anglican Church in Onehunga.

Yates and her husband are the subjects in The World's First Lady Mayor, the second oldest surviving New Zealand  film restored by Ngā Taonga Sound and Vision, which was shot by photographer Enos Pegler in 1900.

Public Art
In 2019 a public mural of Yates was commissioned and installed by the Onehunga Business Association. Located on the corner of Onehunga Mall Road and Pearce Street, the mural was made by two local artists, Bobby MacDonald, Karlee Hirovaana-Nicholls.

title: Elizabeth Yates (mayor)


text:
Lambda Boötis

Lambda Boötis (λ Boötis, abbreviated Lam Boo, λ Boo), also named Xuange, is a star in the northern constellation of Boötes. Based on parallax measurements, it is approximately 99 light-years from the Sun.

Lambda Boötis is a white A-type main sequence dwarf with an apparent magnitude of +4.18. It is the prototype of a group of rare stars known as Lambda Boötis stars, all of which are dwarf stars with unusually low abundances of metals in their spectra. Its diameter has been directly measured to be 1.7 times that of the Sun.

Nomenclature
λ Boötis (Latinised to Lambda Boötis) is the star's Bayer designation.

In Chinese astronomy, Lambda Boötis is called 玄戈, Pinyin: Xuángē, meaning 'sombre lance', because this star is marking itself and standing alone in the Sombre Lance asterism, Purple Forbidden enclosure (see : Chinese constellations). 玄戈 (Xuángē) westernized into Heuen Ko, but that name was assigned to Gamma Boötis by R.H. Allen, with the meaning of 'the heavenly spear'. In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Xuange for Lambda Boötis on 30 June 2017 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.

This star, along with the Aselli (Theta Boötis, Iota Boötis and Kappa Boötis), were Al Aulād al Dhiʼbah (ألعولد ألذعب - al aulād al dhiʼb), "the Whelps of the Hyenas". Al Aulād al Dhiʼbah or Aulad al Thiba was the title of this star in a 1971 NASA memorandum.

title: Lambda Boötis


text:
Pulse (2006 film)

Pulse is a 2006 American horror film written by Wes Craven and Ray Wright, and directed by Jim Sonzero. It is a remake of Kiyoshi Kurosawa's 2001 Japanese horror film Kairo. The film stars Kristen Bell, Ian Somerhalder and Christina Milian. The film spawned two straight-to-DVD sequels: Pulse 2: Afterlife and Pulse 3, both released in 2008.

Plot
When Josh Ockmann enters a dark university library hoping to find a man named Douglas Ziegler, he is attacked by a humanoid spirit that sucks the life force out of him. Some days later, Josh's girlfriend, Mattie Webber, visits his apartment, seeing evidence that it has not been well kept. Josh tells Mattie to wait in the kitchen while he walks off. While waiting she finds Josh's pet cat, locked in a closet and dying from severe malnutrition. But when she rushes to tell him, she finds that he has committed suicide by hanging himself with an Internet cable.

Mattie and her friends begin to receive online messages from Josh asking for help but assume that Josh's computer is still on and that a virus is creating the messages. Mattie learns that Josh's computer has been sold to Dex McCarthy, who finds several strange videos on the computer. Mattie receives a package that Josh mailed two days before his death. Inside are rolls of red tape and a message telling her that the tape keeps "them" out, although he does not know why. Later, Dex visits Mattie and shows her video messages that Josh was sending to Ziegler. Josh had hacked Ziegler's computer system and then distributed a virus. This virus had unlocked a portal that connected the realm of the living to the realm of the dead. Josh believed that he had coded a counter to the virus and wanted to meet Ziegler at the library. Josh's counter-program is found on a memory stick taped inside the PC case with red tape.

Dex and Mattie visit Ziegler and find his room entirely plastered in red tape. They believe that the red tape keeps the spirits out. Ziegler tells them of a project he worked on where he found "frequencies no one knew existed". Opening these frequencies somehow allowed the spirits to travel to the world of the living. Ziegler also tells them that these spirits "take away your will to live" and where to find the main server infected with the virus.

Dex and Mattie find the server and upload Josh's fix, causing the system to crash and the spirits to vanish. Moments later, however, the system reboots and the spirits return, leaving Mattie and Dex with no option but to flee the city by car. Over the car radio, Mattie and Dex hear a report from the Army announcing the location of several "safe zones" where there are no Internet connections, cell phones, or televisions. As Dex and Mattie are driving to a safe zone, a voice-over from Mattie is heard saying "We can never go back. The cities are theirs. Our lives are different now. What was meant to connect us instead connected us to forces that we could have never imagined. The world we knew is gone, but the will to live never dies. Not for us, and not for them". The film closes by showing various clips of abandoned cities, which include a window of an apartment with Josh looking through it.

Cast

 * Kristen Bell as Mattie
 * Ian Somerhalder as Dexter
 * Christina Milian as Isabelle Fuentes
 * Rick Gonzalez as Stone
 * Jonathan Tucker as Josh
 * Samm Levine as Tim
 * Octavia Spencer as Landlady
 * Ron Rifkin as Dr. Waterson
 * Joseph Gatt as Dark Figure
 * Kel O'Neill as Douglas Ziegler
 * Zach Grenier as Professor Cardiff
 * Riki Lindhome as Janelle
 * Robert Clotworthy as Calvin
 * Brad Dourif as Thin Bookish Guy
 * Christine Barger as Goth Girl

Development
Following the premiere of Pulse at the Un Certain Regard, Dimension Films acquired the rights to the Japanese film, as well as the rights to a remake. Wes Craven was attached to Pulse shortly thereafter. Kiyoshi Kurosawa, director of the original film, was initially expected to helm the remake before Craven became officially involved. By June 2002, Craven had written the script with Vince Gilligan, with Kirsten Dunst was eyed for the lead role. Craven worked on the film up until 2003, when Harvey Weinstein and Bob Weinstein asked Craven to direct Cursed instead; Craven declined due to lack of interest. With ten days out from filming, the studio pulled the plug on the film as a means to draw Craven onto Cursed. In April 2004, the project was revived. Jim Sonzero took over as director and worked with Hellraiser: Deader scribe Tim Day for rewrites. Day would later be replaced by Ray Wright.

Pre-production
In March 2005, reports indicated that Craven was still involved with the project. However, when talking to Fangoria at the time of the film's release, Craven said he was not involved in the making of the film. At the end of the month, Kristen Bell and Steve Talley joined the cast. Ian Somerhalder and Christina Milan rounded out the cast in April and June. Final additions to the cast included Jonathan Tucker, Corryn Cummins, Rick Gonzalez, Riki Lindhome, Samm Levine, Amanda Tepe and Joseph Gatt.

Filming
Principal production for Pulse lasted between June and September 2005 in Bucharest, Romania.

Release
Pulse was released on August 11, 2006, by Dimension Films. The film was initially set for release on March 3, 2006.

Box office
The film grossed over $8 million in its opening weekend in the United States. By its close on October 12, 2006, the film had grossed just over $20 million in the U.S., along with a foreign-box-office total, of just over $7.5 million, for a worldwide take of almost $28 million, compared with a production budget of approximately $20.5 million. As a DVD rental, the film has grossed a further $25 million.

Critical reception
Upon release, Pulse was negatively received by critics. On Metacritic, the film holds a 27 out of 100, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".

Jamie Russell of the BBC gave the film 2/5 stars, writing that director Sonzero "reboots the original's apocalyptic dread to produce a remake that ain't an upgrade." Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter said the film "isn't nearly as scary as watching your hard drive crash or having your BlackBerry conk out in the middle of a vital call." Variety's Robert Koehler wrote: "Unlike Kurosawa's storytelling choices, which stressed a distended grasp of time and an atmospheric sense of dread that couldn't quite be pinned down, the new Pulse takes everything literally and is most concerned with turning Mattie into a blonde hottie in distress."

Nick Schager of Slant was more positive in his review, calling it "a reasonably sinister scary movie that faithfully taps into its predecessor’s irrational, existential dread and distrust of technology." He gave it 2.5/4 stars.

In 2011, The Hollywood Reporter included Pulse in a list titled: "Halloween Gone Wrong: The 10 Least Scary Movies of All Time".

Sequels
The film was followed by two sequels: Pulse 2: Afterlife, and Pulse 3. Both were released in 2008 and were written and directed by Joel Soisson.

title: Pulse (2006 film)


text:
Nu1 Boötis

Nu1 Boötis (ν1 Boötis) is an orange-hued star in the northern constellation of Boötes. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +5.02, which indicates the star is faintly visible to the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 3.89 mas as seen from Earth, it is located roughly 840 light years distant from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude of the star is diminished by an extinction of 0.13 due to interstellar dust.

This is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K4.5 IIIb Ba0.4. The 'Ba0.4' suffix notation indicates this is a barium star, which means that the stellar atmosphere has been enhanced by s-process elements most likely provided by what is now an orbiting white dwarf companion. The giant component has $−11.12$ times the radius of the Sun. It is radiating 1,626 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of about 3,917 K.

Ptolemy considered Nu1 Boötis to be shared by Hercules, and Bayer assigned it a designation in both constellations: Nu1 Boötis (ν1 Boo) and Psi1 Herculis (ψ1 Her). When the modern constellation boundaries were fixed in 1930, the latter designation dropped from use.

title: Nu1 Boötis


text:
Menotti Del Picchia

Paulo Menotti Del Picchia (São Paulo, 20 March 1892 – São Paulo, 23 August 1988) was a Brazilian poet, journalist, and painter. He is associated with the Generation of 1922, the first generation of Brazilian modernism artists.

Del Picchia was educated in law, and was a practicing attorney in Itapira when he began writing poetry. He moved to São Paulo, his native city, and became acquainted with Mário de Andrade and the other young modernists in the city. He was a member of the Group of Five, along with Andrade, poet Oswald de Andrade, and painters Tarsila do Amaral and Anita Malfatti, and was one of the key participants of the Modern Art Week in São Paulo, in February 1922, a watershed event in the history of modernist arts in Brazil.

Because del Picchia outlived his literary generation, he received in person much more honor for his role in the creation of Modernismo than any of his youthful colleagues. By the time of his death, he had received most of the highest governmental, academic, and private honors in Brazil, and his house in Itapira is now a museum.

He occupied the 28th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1943 until his death in 1988.

title: Menotti Del Picchia


text:
User talk:Leobarudi

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
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If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 05:04, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Leobarudi


text:
User talk:Sama 11

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary
 * Add the correct image copyright tag to any images you upload
 * Create a User page
 * Be bold
 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 05:05, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sama 11


text:
Nu2 Boötis

Nu2 Boötis is a white-hued binary star system in the northern constellation of Boötes. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.02. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 7.86 mas as seen from the Earth, it is located roughly 415 light years from the Sun. The system is moving closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −16.6 km/s.

This stellar pair have a nearly circular orbit with a period of nine years and a semimajor axis of 0.0615 arc seconds. They are both of visual magnitude 5.80 and display a similar spectrum, with the primary, component A, being an A-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of A5 V. This has been identified as an A-type shell star, suggesting there is a circumstellar disk of gas orbiting one or both stars. There are two other stars that appear close to the pair, termed C and D, but they are physically unrelated.

Ptolemy considered Nu2 Boötis to be shared by Hercules, and Bayer assigned it a designation in both constellations: Nu2 Boötis (ν2 Boo) and Psi2 Herculis (ψ2 Her). When the modern constellation boundaries were fixed in 1930, the latter designation dropped from use.

title: Nu2 Boötis


text: User talk:68.97.240.135

title: User talk:68.97.240.135


text:
Meres

Meres may refer to:

 * Mere (lake), a type of body of water, often one that is broad in relation to its depth.
 * Mere (weapon), a Māori war club
 * Meres, Iran, a village in Mazandaran Province, Iran
 * Meres Valley, Meres Cliff and Meres Ledges, locales in Mullion, Cornwall, UK
 * Mères of France, talented female cooks in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries
 * Francis Meres (1565–1647), English churchman and author

title: Meres


text: User:Neier/Sandbox/TrainList/J

title: User:Neier/Sandbox/TrainList/J


text:
User:WVH

about
sandbox

Interests

 * music, more specifically extreme metal (heavy-, death- and black-) and classical music
 * open-source software, open knowledge, open standards
 * philosophy
 * nature
 * free speech, including the right and duty to offend the easily offended

history
First changes ever made to a wikipedia article (corrections) on: 9 jun 2004 16:00 (CEST), nl.wikipedia.org.

WVH

done.

title: User:WVH


text: User:Neier/Sandbox/TrainList/KL

title: User:Neier/Sandbox/TrainList/KL


text:
Segin

Segin may refer to:
 * Segin, Iran, a village in Kerman Province, Iran
 * The modern name of the star Epsilon Cassiopeiae (ε Cassiopeiae)
 * An alternative traditional name of the star Gamma Boötis (γ Boötis)

title: Segin


text: User:Neier/Sandbox/TrainList/M

title: User:Neier/Sandbox/TrainList/M


text:
User:Thoughts77/Wikipedia Standards and Etiquette

Outdated


text:
Roman de Brut

The Brut or Roman de Brut (completed 1155) by the poet Wace is a loose and expanded translation in almost 15,000 lines of Norman-French verse of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Latin History of the Kings of Britain. It was formerly known as the Brut d'Engleterre or Roman des Rois d'Angleterre, though Wace's own name for it was the Geste des Bretons, or Deeds of the Britons. Its genre is equivocal, being more than a chronicle but not quite a fully-fledged romance.

It narrates a largely fictional version of Britain's story from its settlement by Brutus, a refugee from Troy, who gives the poem its name, through a thousand years of pseudohistory, including the story of king Leir, up to the Roman conquest, the introduction of Christianity, and the legends of sub-Roman Britain, ending with the reign of the 7th-century king Cadwallader. Especially prominent is its account of the life of King Arthur, the first in any vernacular language, which instigated and influenced a whole school of French Arthurian romances dealing with the Round Table – here making its first appearance in literature – and with the adventures of its various knights.

Composition
The Norman poet Wace was born on the island of Jersey around the beginning of the 12th century, and was educated first at Caen on the mainland and later in Paris, or perhaps Chartres. He returned to Caen and there began writing narrative poems. At some point in this stage of his life he visited southern England, perhaps on business, perhaps to conduct research, perhaps even wanting to visit Geoffrey of Monmouth, whose Latin Historia Regum Britanniae he translated as the Roman de Brut. The Brut's subject, the history of Britain from its mythical Trojan beginnings, was calculated to appeal to a secular Norman readership at a time when Normandy and England formed part of the same realm. Working under the patronage of Henry II, he completed his poem in 1155, and presented a copy of it to Eleanor of Aquitaine, Henry's wife. Its success is evidenced by the large number of surviving manuscripts, and by its extensive influence on later writers.

Treatment of sources
The primary source of the Roman de Brut is Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, a pseudo-history of Britain from its settlement by the eponymous Brutus and his band of Trojans down to the eclipse of native British power in the 7th century. It magnifies the prestige of British rulers at the expense of their Roman contemporaries, and includes an account of King Arthur's reign. Wace knew this work in two versions: the Vulgate, written by Geoffrey himself, and the Variant, a rewriting of Geoffrey's text by person or persons unknown.

Wace made two significant additions to the story on the authority, as he tells us, of Breton tales he had heard. One is King Arthur's Round Table, which here makes its appearance in world literature for the first time, and the other is the Breton belief that Arthur still remains in Avalon. There may, however, be quite a different reason for giving Arthur a Round Table, since there is good iconographic evidence to suppose that round or semi-circular tables were commonly used before Wace's time for ostentatious feasts. Other minor sources of the Brut include the Bible, Goscelin's life of St. Augustine of Canterbury, the Historia Brittonum, William of Malmesbury's Gesta Regum Anglorum, Geoffrey Gaimar's earlier translation of the Historia Regum Britanniae, and such chansons de geste as the anonymous Gormond et Isembart. Certain changes he made in geographical details suggest that Wace also drew on his personal knowledge of Normandy, Brittany and southern England.

Wace makes some omissions of controversial or politically charged passages from his source text, notably the whole of Book 7 of the Historia Regum Britanniae, Merlin's prophecies, which he tells us he will not translate because he does not understand them. He also shortens or cuts out some passages of church history, expressions of exaggerated sentiment, and descriptions of barbarous or brutal behaviour, and in battle scenes he omits some of the tactical details in favour of observations bringing out the pathos of war. In the material he keeps he makes many changes and additions. He presents the action of Geoffrey's story with greater vividness, the characters have clearer motivation and more individuality, a certain amount of humour is added and the role of the supernatural is downplayed. He adds a good deal of dialogue and commentary to Geoffrey's narrative, and adapts it to the royal listeners it was intended for, adding details drawn from 12th-century military and court life. The overall effect is to reconcile his story to the new chivalric and romantic ethos of his own day. He is especially assiduous in highlighting the splendour of the court of king Arthur, the beauty of its ladies and gallantry of its knights, the relationship between Guinevere and Mordred, the depth of Arthur's love for Guinevere and grief over the deaths of his knights, and the knightly prowess of Gawain, Kay and Bedivere. He expands with descriptive passages of his own episodes such as Arthur's setting sail for Europe, the twelve years of peace in the middle of his reign, and his splendid conquests in Scandinavia and France. By such means he expands Arthur's share of the whole story from one fifth of the Historia to one third of the Brut.

Style
Wace's chosen meter, the octosyllabic couplet, was in the 12th century considered suitable for many purposes, but especially for translations from Latin. He had already used it in earlier works, and in the Brut managed it with facility and smoothness. His language was a literary form of Old French, the dialect being Norman, but not markedly so. He was a master of the architecture of the phrase and the period, and also of rhythmic effects. The rhetorical devices he most favoured were repetition (both in the forms of anaphora and epizeuxis), parallelism, antithesis, and the use of sententiae, or gnomic sayings. He had a rich vocabulary, could employ an almost epigrammatic irony, and, while conforming to the conventions of poetic art, gave an appearance of spontaneity to his verse. His style was neat, lively, and essentially simple. His poem is sometimes garrulous, but moderately so by medieval standards, and he avoids the other medieval vice of exaggeration. As an authorial voice he distances himself from the narrative, adding his own comments on the action. Often he confesses ignorance of precisely what happened, but only on very minor details, thereby buttressing his authority on the essentials of his story. He conjures up his scenes with a remarkable vividness which his Latin original sometimes lacks, and his descriptions of bustling everyday life, maritime scenes and episodes of high drama are especially accomplished.

Influence
The emphasis Wace placed on the rivalries between his knights and on the role of love in their lives had a profound effect on writers of his own and later generations. His influence can be seen in some of the very earliest romances, including the Roman d'Enéas and the Roman de Troie, and in Renaud de Beaujeu's Le Bel Inconnu and the works of Gautier d'Arras. Thomas of Britain's romance Tristan draws on the Brut for historical details, particularly the story of Gormon, and follows its example in matters of style. His influence is especially evident in the field of Arthurian romance, later writers taking up his hint that many tales are told of the Round Table and that each of its members is equally renowned. There are general resemblances between the Brut and the poems of Chrétien de Troyes, in that both are Arthurian narratives in octosyllabic couplets, as well as stylistic similarities, but there are also specific signs of Chrétien's debt. He adapts Geoffrey's narrative of Mordred's last campaign against Arthur in his romance of Cligès, and various passages in the Brut contribute to his account of the festivities at Arthur's court in Erec and Enide. There are likewise verbal reminiscences of the Brut in Philomela and Guillaume d'Angleterre, two poems sometimes attributed to Chrétien. It is certain that Marie de France had read Wace, but less certain how many passages in her Lais show its influence, only the raids by the Picts and Scots in Lanval being quite unambiguous. Two of the Breton lais written in imitation of Marie de France also show clear signs of indebtedness to the Brut. It gave to Robert Biket's Lai du Cor certain elements of its style and several circumstantial details, and to the anonymous Melion a number of plot-points. The description of Tintagel in the Folie Tristan d'Oxford included details taken from the Roman de Brut. In the early 13th century Le Chevalier aux Deux Epees was still demonstrating the influence the Roman de Brut could exert. In this case the author seems to have been impressed by Wace's account of Arthur's birth, character, battles, and tragic death. Robert de Boron based his verse romance Merlin, which only survives in fragmentary form, on the Roman de Brut, with some additions from the Historia Regum Britanniae, and also drew on the Brut for his prose romance Didot Perceval. The story of Robert's Merlin was continued in the prose Suite Merlin, one of the romances in the Lancelot-Grail or Vulgate Cycle, which likewise takes and adapts Wace's narrative, especially when describing Arthur's Roman war. The final sections of the Mort Artu, another Vulgate romance, take their narrative basis from Wace's account of the end of Arthur's reign, and his influence also appears in the Livre d'Artus, a romance loosely associated with the Vulgate Cycle. Much later, the mid-15th century Recueil des croniques et anchiennes istories de la Grant Bretaigne by Jean de Wavrin, a compilation of earlier chronicles, takes its British history up to the beginning of the Arthurian period from an anonymous French adaptation of Wace's Brut dating from c. 1400, though with substantial additions taken from the romances.

The influence of Wace's Brut also exerted itself in England. Around the year 1200 Layamon, a Worcestershire priest, produced a Middle English poem on British history, largely based on Wace though with some omissions and additions. Though this was the first version of Wace in English it was not particularly influential, further Bruts, as they became generically known, taking more of their material directly from Wace. In the second half of the 13th century the widely-read Anglo-Norman verse chronicle of Peter Langtoft, divided into three books, presented in its first book an adaptation of Wace's Brut in over 3000 lines. Around the end of the 13th century there appeared the Prose Brut, written in Anglo-Norman prose and taking its material, at any rate in the earlier sections, mostly from Wace's Brut and Geoffrey Gaimar's Estoire des Engleis. It re-appeared many times in the succeeding years in revised and expanded versions, some of them in Middle English translation. In all, at least 240 manuscripts of its various recensions are known, demonstrating its immense popularity. In 1338 Robert Mannyng, already known for his devotional work Handlyng Synne, produced a long verse Chronicle or Story of England which, for its first 13,400 lines, sticks close to Wace's Brut before starting to introduce elements from other sources, notably Langtoft's chronicle. Other Middle English Bruts deriving from Langtoft include that published in 1480 by William Caxton under the title of The Brut of England. The chronicle that passes under the name of Thomas of Castleford, though he may not have been the author, relies on Geoffrey of Monmouth for its early history, but takes its account of King Arthur's Round Table from Wace. Yet another translation of Wace's Brut, this time into Middle English prose, was produced in the late 14th century and is preserved in College of Arms MS. Arundel XXII. Mannyng's Chronicle and Wace's and Layamon's Bruts are among the sources that have been suggested for the late 14th century Alliterative Morte Arthure. Arthur, a late 14th or early 15th century romance preserved in a manuscript called the Liber Rubeus Bathoniae, seems to have been based on a version of Wace's Brut expanded with some elements from Layamon's Brut and the Alliterative Morte Arthure. The dates of Wace manuscripts show that he remained relatively popular in England into the 14th century, but from the 15th century onward his readership faded away.

Manuscripts
More than thirty manuscripts of Wace's Brut, either complete or fragmentary, are known to exist, though more fragments continue to be discovered from time to time. They were produced in roughly equal numbers in England and in France, demonstrating that it was a highly popular work in both countries. Nineteen of these manuscripts give a more or less complete text of the poem, of which the two oldest are Durham Cathedral MS C. iv. 27 (late 12th century) and Lincoln Cathedral MS 104 (early 13th century). Both of these manuscripts also include Geoffrey Gaimar's Estoire des Engleis and the chronicle of Jordan Fantosme, the three works forming in combination an almost continuous narrative of Britain's story from Brutus the Trojan's invasion up to the reign of Henry II. This indicates that early readers of the Brut read it as history; however, later manuscripts tend to include Arthurian romances rather than chronicles, showing that the Brut was by then treated as fictional.

Editions

 * Covers those parts of the Brut that detail the life of King Arthur.
 * An edition of the Arthurian section of the Brut.
 * Substantial extracts, consisting of the prologue, the reigns of Brutus, Leir, and Belinus, Julius Caesar's conquest of Britain and the birth of Christ, Constantine II and the coming of the Saxons under Vortigern, the boyhood of Merlin, the begetting of Arthur, the murder of Utherpendragon, the reign of Arthur, the mission of St Augustine to Canterbury, and the reigns of Cadwallo and Cadwallader.
 * An edition of the Arthurian section of the Brut.
 * Substantial extracts, consisting of the prologue, the reigns of Brutus, Leir, and Belinus, Julius Caesar's conquest of Britain and the birth of Christ, Constantine II and the coming of the Saxons under Vortigern, the boyhood of Merlin, the begetting of Arthur, the murder of Utherpendragon, the reign of Arthur, the mission of St Augustine to Canterbury, and the reigns of Cadwallo and Cadwallader.
 * Substantial extracts, consisting of the prologue, the reigns of Brutus, Leir, and Belinus, Julius Caesar's conquest of Britain and the birth of Christ, Constantine II and the coming of the Saxons under Vortigern, the boyhood of Merlin, the begetting of Arthur, the murder of Utherpendragon, the reign of Arthur, the mission of St Augustine to Canterbury, and the reigns of Cadwallo and Cadwallader.

Translations

 * Covers the period from Constantine to Arthur.

title: Roman de Brut


text:
Haris

Haris may refer to:

Places

 * Haris, Mazandaran, a village in Mazandaran Province, Iran
 * Haris, Salfit, a Palestinian village in the West Bank
 * Haris or Hariss, a southern Lebanese village

People

 * Haris (given name), including a list of people
 * Haris (surname), a list of people
 * Haris Alagic, stage name Haris, Dutch singer-songwriter and guitarist
 * Haris (caste), people of indigenous origin found in the Indian state of West Bengal

Other uses

 * a traditional name of Gamma Boötis, a star
 * Tichu, card game also known as Haris

title: Haris


text:
Charles-Édouard Boutibonne

Charles Édouard Boutibonne (Budapest, 8 July 1816 – Wilderswil, 7 February 1897) was a French painter of the academic classicism school.

He was born to French parents in Hungary. As a 22-year-old he painted a portrait of Liszt. He was a student of Franz Winterhalter.

title: Charles-Édouard Boutibonne


text:
Dump leaching

Dump leaching is an industrial process to extract precious metals and copper from ores.

Dump leaching is similar to heap leaching, however in the case of dump leaching ore is taken directly from the mine and stacked on the leach pad without crushing where, in the case of gold and silver, the dump is irrigated with a dilute cyanide solution that percolates through the ore to dissolve gold and silver. The solution containing gold and silver exits the base of the dump, is collected and precious metals extracted. The resultant barren solution is recharged with additional cyanide and returned to the dump.

This method of leaching is usually suitable for low grade ores because it is very low cost. However, it operates with slow kinetics and may take up about 1 to 2 years to extract 50% of the desired mineral.

title: Dump leaching


text:
Clava

Clava can refer to:
 * Mu Boötis, a triple star system in the constellation Boötes
 * Clava cairn, a type of Bronze Age circular chamber tomb cairn
 * Gracile nucleus, an area of the brain that participate in the sensation of fine touch and proprioception of the lower body
 * The club-like segments at the end of some insect antennae
 * Clava (cnidarian), a genus of marine hydroid

title: Clava


text:
Ernesto Rossi (politician)

Ernesto Rossi (25 August 1897 – 9 February 1967) was an Italian politician, journalist, and anti-fascist activist. His ideas contributed to the Action Party, and subsequently the Radical Party. He was co-author of the Ventotene Manifesto. Born in Caserta, the not yet nineteen-years old Rossi voluntarily enlisted and fought in World War I. After the war, moved by opposition to the socialists' attitude of hostility towards war veterans and their sacrifices and by contempt of the incapable political class of bounding idealists, he approached the nationalists of Il Popolo d'Italia (directed by Benito Mussolini), a newspaper with which he collaborated from 1919 to 1922. During that time, Rossi met Gaetano Salvemini, a democratic left-interventionist with whom he formed a long-lasting bond of respect and friendship, and he moved definitively and radically further from the positions that were bringing to the Italian fascist ideology. Aged 69, he died in Rome in 1967.

title: Ernesto Rossi (politician)