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Nick Barton

Nicholas Hamilton Barton (born 30 August 1955) is a British evolutionary biologist.

Education
Barton was educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge where he graduated with a first-class degree in biological sciences in 1976 and gained his PhD supervised by Godfrey Hewitt at the University of East Anglia in 1979.

Career
After a brief spell as a lab demonstrator at the University of Cambridge, Barton became a Lecturer at the Department of Genetics and Biometry, University College London, in 1982. Professor Barton is best known for his work on hybrid zones, often using the toad Bombina bombina as a study organism, and for extending the mathematical machinery needed to investigate multilocus genetics, a field in which he worked in collaboration with Michael Turelli. Research questions he has investigated include: the role of epistasis, the evolution of sex, speciation, and the limits on the rate of adaptation.

Barton moved to the University of Edinburgh in 1990, where he is said to have been instrumental in attracting to Edinburgh Brian and Deborah Charlesworth, with whom he had previously collaborated, thus complementing the university's strong tradition in quantitative genetics and population genetics and helping the University of Edinburgh to continue as one of the most important research institutions in evolutionary genetics worldwide. Barton was made a professor in 1994. In 2008 Barton moved to Klosterneuburg (Austria) where he became the first professor at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria.

In 2007, Barton, along with Derek E.G. Briggs, Jonathan A. Eisen, David B. Goldstein, and Nipam H. Patel, collaborated to create Evolution, an undergraduate textbook which integrates molecular biology, genomics, and human genetics with traditional evolutionary studies.

Awards and honours

 * 2024 Elected International Member of the National Academy of Sciences
 * 2013 Erwin Schrödinger Prize
 * 2013 Mendel Medal, Leopoldina
 * 2009 Darwin–Wallace Medal
 * 2006 Darwin Medal
 * 1998 President's Award (joint with Mark Kirkpatrick), American Society of Naturalists
 * 1995 Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
 * 1994 Fellow of the Royal Society
 * 1994 David Starr Jordan Prize (joint with S. Pacala)
 * 1992 Scientific Medal, Zoological Society
 * 1985 Bicentenary Medal of the Linnean Society

title: Nick Barton


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Chan Seng Khai

Chan Seng Khai was the second mayor of Kuching South City Council since 1997. He succeeded Datuk Song Swee Guan, who was the first mayor of the city, in 1988 when Kuching was elevated to City status and partitioned into South and North. Chan is a member of Sarawak United People's Party and elected state assemblyman of the Batu Lintang area in Kuching in 1991, 1996 and 2001. In 2006, during the Sarawak's state election, he lost in his re-election bid as state assemblyman to Democratic Action Party (DAP) candidate Voon Lee Shan.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Chan Seng Khai


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Talk:W. Daniel Hillis

Connection Machines and Los Alamos
I don't want to edit this article but hopefully someone will correct some errors in light of the point I now make. I am just offering some memories here, ones that contradict the article as written. I was at Los Alamos in the early 90's and we had several Connection Machines. The CM-2 morphed into the CM-200, both of which had 64,000 bitwise processors. I think maybe the upgrade (from CM-2 to CM-200) was done by increasing the clock speed. I remember people saying that the upgrade would be done with a screwdriver and nothing else. The CM-2/200 a little set of cubes with flashing lights on the side and the whole gizmo was a few feet on a side. The next big TMC machine we got was called the CM-5 and consisted of 1,024 sparc chips. On the card for each chip were 4 vector units (VUs). Without the VUs the machine had a maximum peak theoretical performance of something like 1GFlop. WIth the VU's, peak theoretical performance on the CM-5 was 128GFlops. The CM-5 was physically much bigger than the CM-200. You could walk inside the CM-5. Oh yeah, I forgot, the CM-5's 1024 processors were floating point processors compared to the CM-2's 32,000 bitwise processors. The 5 had message passing unlike the 2. The 2 was way easier to program and way more elegant. I believe that Danny probably designed the CM-2 mainly by himself and that the CM-5 was probably designed by a committee. It was sort of a monstrosity. I think the CM-5 cost $15M. Anyway, to make a short story long the biggest cm did not have 64,000 processors it had 1,024. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.19.15.48 (talk • contribs) 19 March 2006 (note - an anon user, but probably not Danny --Zippy 23:21, 19 April 2006 (UTC))

 * Really interesting. If you ever feel the desire to edit the article, please go ahead. One thing to note is that Wikipedia articles should be based on verifiable info, so if you have any external links we can cite for the claims above, that would be a big help.

 * When you say walk inside the CM-5, do you mean walk between two of the (lightning-bolt shaped) cabinets, or do you mean walk inside a cabinet? I never saw the interior of a full CM-5, but if it was at all like a CM-5E, I think it would be a bit cramped inside. --Zippy 23:21, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

haha

 * One could easily portray Hillis’s interest in clock-building as a symptom of a mid-life crisis. After all, the older you get, the more interesting time seems to you. Perhaps, having failed to create real AI, the guy was reviewing his own life, and feeling his own death moving closer? Perhaps he found it comforting to remind himself how little it matters, from a 10,000 year viewpoint, whether any one human or any one company succeeds at doing any one thing? No doubt, there is an element of truth to this view. But this doesn’t seem to be a terribly large aspect of his motivation for pursuing the clock project – not as large, for example, as his sheer love of building cool stuff. And of course, both a thinking machine and a 10,000 year clock are Big Things – projects that appeal to the entrepreneurial, adventurous, overambitious soul.

absurd, and unabashedly pov.

Agreed. This definately has no place in an encyclopedia.

The two paragraphs preceeding it can also be construed as pov and are just wretched pieces of writing.
 * Among all his inventions, the clock is definitely one of the coolest – one that would make any MIT hacker proud. And it resonates with something deep and powerful in the human soul – the same aspect of human essence that finds the Cheops Pyramid more impressive than the Nintendo Game Boy, in spite of the incredible complexity of the hardware and software engineering involved in the latter. The Clock of the Long Now appeals to our embodiedness, to our embeddedness in space and time, whereas Hillis’s work on AI, like most AI work, ignored embodiedness and embeddedness and focused mainly on cognition, abstract thinking, on the most rarefied parts of the mind.

 * Abstractly, one could build a mind operating a thousand times faster than a human mind, or a thousand times slower. 10,000 years would mean something different to each of these differently time-scaled minds. But the mathematics and theory of AI would apply equally well to all of them, as would many of the same hardware engineering principles. The Clock of the Long Now is focused on palpable human reality, not the abstract mathematics of mind or the subtleties of hardware engineering. In fact it represents a step back from fancy modern electrical engineering. Modern technology provides few systems of 10,000-year durability, and so the design of the Clock of the Long Now required a number of purely engineering innovations.

I removed a few of the most POV paragraphs. Article is still not good, though. --Xyzzyplugh 21:50, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

 * 1) -Wretched- writing? That's over-the-top; the paras above are no more "wretched" than Capra's or Hoffstadter's. I wonder if you are not all that familiar with the tone of writing for tech audiences in the past 20 years. 2) Why does the "tone of an encyclopedia article" have to stay the same as it's been for centuries? Furthermore, who says the "tone" of WP has to be consistent throughout (and ... perhaps ... adhere to your philosophy)? I have to agree with the comment below; stripping emotional POV strips humanity... as well as the sense of contemporaneousness this style conveys. WP is a people's work, it doesn't *have* to adhere to Molochian standards. -- Twang 7/9/2006

 * Wretched indeed. The writing is simply awful. It's full of cliché, grammatical errors, imprecision, and even the substance doesn't seem to be thought through at all well. It verges on stream-of-consciousness. The sentences are long and poorly constructed. The comparison to Hofstadter* is absurd. This is purplish, self-regarding, melodramatic prose of the worst kind. It's Anne Rice writing a post on the atheist sub-reddit. That's how bad the writing is. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.101.47.254 (talk) 10:27, 9 August 2013 (UTC)

The article doesn't seem all that bad, but it didn't start as a neutral encyclopedia entry, but a sort of article-based biography, including evaluation and commentary.

I tried to remove some of the colloquialisms, expand on the Clock of the Long Now, and remove some of the commentary. The last section is perhaps the last of the non-encylopedic entries.  DavidDouthitt  (Talk) 21:53, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Be careful not to discard information just because it is has emotional pov. A large part of why people do things is due to emotion. I think the emotional layer in this article captures nicely Hillis' motivation behind why he does things, and therefore who he is. That can be extremely important information in a biographical entry.

Missing reference to Po Bronson's book?
Dear Wiki Editors, Danny Hillis was written about in the last critical section of the book "Nudist on the Late Shift" by Po Bronson. Should that be added to the references section? thanks Frank. Fbrazile (talk) 00:21, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Working Link for 4th foot note
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/experts/profiles/team_member_profile/282E92445B3DD806F8BE87319AF61F04/Argye_Hillis I believe this is the correct and working link. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.180.98.43 (talk) 15:05, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:W. Daniel Hillis


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Output compare

Output compare is the ability to trigger an output based on a timestamp in memory, without interrupting the execution of code by a processor or microcontroller. This is a functionality provided by many embedded systems.

The corresponding ability to record a timestamp in memory when an input occurs is called input capture.

 * Microchip Documentation on Output Compare: DS39706A-page 16-1 - Section 16. Output Compare http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/39706a.pdf

title: Output compare


text: User talk:52.128.30.25

title: User talk:52.128.30.25


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Cashmere goat

A cashmere goat is a type of goat that produces cashmere wool, the goat's fine, soft, downy, winter undercoat, in commercial quality and quantity. This undercoat grows as the days get shorter and is associated with an outer coat of coarse hair, which is present all the year and is called guard hair. Most common goat breeds, including dairy goats, grow this two-coated fleece.

The down is produced by secondary follicles, the guard hair by the primary follicles.

In 1994, China had an estimated population of 123 million goats and is the largest producer of cashmere down. Local breeds are dominant. In the past decades, breeding programs have been started to develop productive breeds. The cashmere goat is a fiber goat along with the Pygora goat, Nigora goat, and the Angora goat.

The goats take their name from their origin in the Himalayan region of Kashmir region with the word "cashmere" deriving from an anglicisation of Kashmir.

Australian cashmere goat
The foundation stock for the Australian Cashmere Goat was taken from northern and western Australia from the local bush goat population in the late 1970s. The production varies from herd to herd, with the most productive herds averaging 250 grams at a diameter of 15 μm. There is a breed and fleece standard, and active development of the breed continues with the University of Western Australia running a sire referencing scheme.

Changthangi (Kashmir Pashmina) cashmere goat

The Changthangi or Pashmina goat is found in China (Tibet), Mongolia, Myanmar, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan and India. They are raised for cashmere production and used as pack animals. The breed is most often white, but black, gray and brown animals also occur. They have large, twisting horns. This bloodline produces the finest Cashmere with an average diameter between 12-13 μm and average fiber length between 55-60mm. It is very rare and constitutes less than 0.1% of global cashmere production.

Hexi
The Hexi Cashmere has a long history in desert and semidesert regions of Gansu Province, China. About 60% of the goats are white. The Hexi cashmere can be found in the Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia provinces. A typical adult doe produces 184 grams of down at 15.7 μm diameter.

Inner Mongolia cashmere goat
The Inner Mongolia cashmere goat is a local dual-purpose breed with a long history. It adapts well to desert and semidesert pastures. The goats can be divided into five strains, Alasan (Alashanzuoqi), Arbus, Erlangshan, Hanshan and Wuzhumuqin. The first three strains produce quality cashmere; the last two have been developed for high production. The average down yield is about 240 grams, with an average down diameter between 14.3 and 15.8 μm. The cashmere length is between 41 and 47 mm. In 1994, the total Inner Mongolian goat population was approximately 2.3 million goats.

Liaoning cashmere goat
Breeding animals were selected in the 1960s from six counties in the eastern mountain area of Liaoning Province. The herd has been continually developed since then, and used to improve the cashmere herd throughout China. The Liaoning goat is mainly found in the Buyun mountains in the Liaodong Peninsula. The breed was formally named the Liaoning cashmere goat by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture in 1984. By 1994, selected Liaoning does were producing 326 g of down at 15 μm diameter. The selection work emphasizes size, length of body, quantity and quality of cashmere, the ability to climb, sturdiness, conformation and growth.

Licheng Daqing goat
The Licheng Daqing goat is a dual-purpose breed from the Shanxi Province, China. The down is usually brown, but the color can vary. The average doe down yield is 115 g at 14 μm diameter.

Luliang black goat
This dual-purpose goat is found in the Lüliang area; it produces a small quantity of dark soft down.

Tibetan Plateau goat
In 1994, there were more than 7 million Tibetan Plateau and Valley goats in Tibetan Plateau regions of People's Republic of China. Five million were in Tibet Autonomous Region, 1 million in Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures in Sichuan, half a million in Qinghai and about 100,000 in Gansu. There are also a small number of Tibetan goats in India and Nepal. The Tibetan plateau goats are kept for down production. In 1994, an adult doe's average down production was 197 g, while the average adult buck's down production was 261 g.

Wuzhumuqin
This Inner Mongolian strain is a new breed, recognized in 1994, and is distributed mainly in Xilingele Meng. The development of the breed started in 1980. By 1994, the breed had 372 nucleus herds and 681 selection herds. The bucks have thick, long horns and 85% of the does are horned. Ninety eight percent of the herd is white. The developers of the breed claim the lustre of the fleece is better than the Liaoning goat. The average production of a Wuzhumuqin adult does in 1994 was 285 g at 15.6 μm diameter; the average down length was 46 mm.

Zalaa Jinst White goat
The Zalaa Jinst White goat is the only entirely white breed of cashmere goat in Mongolia recognized by the Mongolian Wool & Cashmere Association, found in the southwest region of the Gobi Desert, where it has adapted well to Gobi desert nomadic herding. The average cashmere production for males is 380 grams; adult female is 290 grams with fibers averaging 16.0-16.5 microns in diameter

Zhongwei cashmere goats
The Zhongwei goat originated in the semidesert and desert area around Zhongwei in Ningxia and Gansu Provinces in China, and are famous for their kid fur and cashmere production. The average fiber production for does is 216 g at 15 μm diameter.

title: Cashmere goat


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User talk:Yalebert

I edited a few names on your Test List of members of the National Academy of Sciences, which I hope was OK. Uppland 15:58, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Ditto! Dsp13 (talk) 17:57, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

NAS list
Hi Yalebert -- Are you doing the NAS list? I'm splitting it into its constituent subparts because it's 150K+. If you'd like to help that would be great. --Lquilter (talk) 17:56, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

Update to NAS Members List
Hi Yalebert, I updated the List of members of the National Academy of Sciences (Chemistry) by pointing James Collman to James P. Collman. Do you need this for your updates of your Test List? Regards, ChemGardener (talk) 23:36, 25 October 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yalebert


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Hincaster branch line

The Hincaster branch was a single-track railway branch line of the Furness Railway which ran from Arnside on the Furness main line to a junction with the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway (later the London and North Western Railway) at Hincaster. Intermediate stations were provided at Sandside and Heversham, with the main engineering work being a substantial 26-arch viaduct over the River Bela near Sandside.

Traffic
It was built primarily for use by mineral trains carrying coke and iron ore from County Durham to various ironworks in and around Barrow-in-Furness which had previously had to travel (and reverse) via the busy junction at Carnforth. The branch was opened in 1876 and also carried a passenger service between Grange-over-Sands and Kendal known locally as the Kendal Tommy.

Closure
The passenger service ended on 4 May 1942 and the track between Sandside and Hincaster Junction was lifted in 1966 (through traffic having ceased three years earlier). A short stub from Arnside to Sandside lasted until 1972 to serve local quarries.

Sections of the old trackbed survive and are used as a footpath and cycleway, though the viaduct and both intermediate stations have been demolished.

title: Hincaster branch line


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Talk:Internet access provider

How is this in any way distinct from an internet service provider? I think this should just be a redirect. — Lomn | Talk / RfC 15:59, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * As I remember it, the term was introduced a few years ago, to distinguish companies that merely provided bandwidth from those added value (a la AOL). But the distinction didn't last long and now the term IAP is rarely used. A redirect might be the best way to go, but it could do with a proper mention in the internet service provider article. sjorford mmmmm  19:34, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Internet access provider


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Tommi Santala

Tommi Santala (born 27 June 1979 in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish professional ice hockey player who is currently playing for HIFK of the Liiga.

Playing career
Santala started his pro career in Jokerit in the Finnish SM-liiga in the 1998–99 season. After a total of four seasons with HPK, Santala moved to the Thrashers' organisation for the 2003–04 NHL season. Santala divided his time between 50 games in the AHL Chicago Wolves and 33 NHL games. He spent the 2004–05 NHL lockout with the Wolves registering 40 assists and 48 points in 67 games. During the post-season he helped Chicago win the Robert W. Clarke Trophy, for AHL Western Conference Champions, by adding 11 points in 18 games. However, the Wolves were swept in the Calder Cup finals by the Philadelphia Phantoms.

After the lockout, Santala was assigned to Jokerit by the Thrashers. He played one year with Jokerit before Atlanta traded him to the Vancouver Canucks. Santala played 30 games for the Canucks during the 2006–07 season, but he suffered a knee injury on 8 December 2006 in a game vs. the Carolina Hurricanes that forced him to miss the majority of the season. On 5 September 2007 he signed as a free agent with Jokerit.

After one season back with Jokerit, Santala opted to leave and sign with Swiss club, the Kloten Flyers from the 2008–09 season. He parted company with the team in December 2016 to join the KHL. On 23 December 2016 he signed a deal with Metallurg Magnitogorsk.

Unhappy with his KHL experience, Santala returned to EHC Kloten on a one-year deal for the 2017-18 season.

International play
Santala played for Team Finland in the 1999 World Junior Championship registering two points through six games. He represented Finland at the World Championships in, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2010. However, he only played one game for the 2006 Finnish team that won the Bronze medal. Santala had a much larger role for Finland during the 2002 Karlja Cup. Finland won the Gold and Santala was named a Second Team All-Star.

Transactions

 * June 26, 1999 — Drafted by the Atlanta Thrashers in the 9th round, 245th overall.
 * June 14, 2006 — Traded to the Vancouver Canucks along with a 5th round pick in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft for a conditional draft pick in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft.

title: Tommi Santala


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Talk:Flint tool

Terminology problem
The topic of this page is currently "flint tools" but should be changed to "chipped stone tools". At present, the article talks also about obsidian, which is absolutely NOT flint. Also, the current article uses the word "flint" where it should use the word "chert". The author seems to be unaware of the exact meaning of the word "flint". Flint is a type of chert, specifically it is a type of chert which forms in chalk. The majority of chipped stone tools were in fact made from "common chert", flint being more rare (although usually of higher quality for tool making). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.123.83.18 (talk) 21:16, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Flint & Chert Deposits in the Midwestern U.S. (State-by-state)
Ohio- 19 varieties, Indiana- 11, Kentucky- 8, Illinois- 6, Michigan- 3, West Virginia- 2, Tennessee- 2, New York- 2, Pennsylvania- 37, Wisconsin- 3, North Dakota- 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flint & Chert Deposits in Southern Ontario, Canada- 12

All of the above were mined and knapped by prehistoric cultures to make projectile points, scrapers, bladelets, etc. In the northern latitudes where no native flint could be excavated, they used glacial cobble. Sometimes raw flint was put through a heat-treating process to harden it. This darkens its color as well. Another material found in the western states used for the same purpose is obsidian. It is not flint however, it is an igneous rock that fractures to a cutting edge of one molecule in thickness.

Bibliography: Prehistoric Cherts of the Midwest (DeRegnaucort & Georgiady, 1998); Cherts of Southern Ontario (Eley & vonBitter, 1989) Musicwriter 16:00, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

History
Might be nice to have some time information indicating when stone tools were first discovered and when they are believed to have been used. -- 65.78.13.238 (talk) 18:14, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

Merge
As noted above (#Terminology), this article should be merged into Stone tool. Perhaps a new article on flint tools should then be created; but the current article is just a misnamed duplicate of Stone tool (talking as it does about chert and obsidian axes). I don't have the time or the domain-specific knowledge to do the merge myself, but it should be done. --Quuxplusone (talk) 03:38, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Flint tool


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Spider-Man: The Other

"The Other" is a comic book crossover story arc published by Marvel Comics from October 2005 to January 2006. It was the first Spider-Man crossover since 2001, and was published in Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man #1–4, Marvel Knights Spider-Man #19–22 and The Amazing Spider-Man #525–528.

Publication history
The storyline was divided into four months, or "acts", and each month's issues had a different cover tint. The story is in 12 parts. The first act has red tinted covers, the second has blue tinted covers, the third has gray-black covers, and the final act has orange-yellow tinted covers.

The acts are divided as follows:

 * Act One, written by Peter David, is told in Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man #1, Marvel Knights Spider-Man #19 and The Amazing Spider-Man #525.
 * Act Two, written by Reginald Hudlin, is told in Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man #2, Marvel Knights Spider-Man #20 and The Amazing Spider-Man #526.
 * Act Three, written by J. Michael Straczynski, is told in Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man #3, Marvel Knights Spider-Man #21 and The Amazing Spider-Man #527.
 * Act Four/Finale is told in Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man #4, Marvel Knights Spider-Man #22 and The Amazing Spider-Man #528; all three titles were written by their regular writers.

The books continued to be illustrated by their regular artists throughout the crossover:
 * Mike Wieringo in Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man.
 * Pat Lee in Marvel Knights Spider-Man.
 * Mike Deodato, Jr. in The Amazing Spider-Man.

Plot synopsis
The first five chapters loosely followed the Kübler-Ross model of the stages of grief.

Act One
Peter Parker (aka Spider-Man) has recently been having black outs, dizzy spells, and enigmatic dreams, which includes Morlun, Kraven the Hunter, frogs, Uncle Ben, and spidery imagery. In confronting a new villain calling himself Tracer who is robbing a bank, Spider-Man suffers a bullet wound to the shoulder. Tracer escapes, while Peter goes to see Dr. Castillo, a doctor recommended to him by Captain America, who treats Peter's wound and takes a blood test. Dr. Castillo later informs Peter that he is dying, which Peter relates to his wife, Mary Jane Watson-Parker.

Later, May Parker, who wakes up from a strange dream and, after being yelled at by an emotional Peter, goes to the kitchen and finds Tracer. Tracer tells her that he is a reserve Avenger who is there to watch over her. During their conversation, he tells May that he is a machine god; in the same way that humans created gods, machines created him. Meanwhile, Spider-Man is fighting Tracer's robot followers in the city when his powers start to fail. Morlun confronts him and tells Peter that he would rather watch Peter deteriorate than fight him. Spider-Man returns home and, finding Tracer, attacks him. However, Tracer assesses his health and refuses to fight him in his current state. Peter becomes enraged at Tracer's nonchalant attitude about his plans to kill Aunt May, and strangles Tracer to death. His skin melts away to reveal a machine body. After this, Peter tells Aunt May what is wrong with him.

Act Two
Peter goes to see Mister Fantastic, who tells him that his condition is not caused by cancer or a viral or bacterial infectious disease. He is informed by Yellowjacket that the illness was caused by a radiation-based infectious disease. Peter goes to see Bruce Banner, an expert on radiation-based mutation. Banner tells Peter that at the rate the infection is spreading, a cure could not be developed in time to do any good. Peter then sees the Black Panther (who had mapped the human genome fifty years before Western scientists) on Banner's suggestion, but he also cannot find the source of Peter's illness. Back in New York City, Peter encounters the Enforcer Ox and, thinking him to be Morlun, fights him. In his anger, Peter almost kills him before Daredevil stops him. Later, Peter goes to Doctor Strange, who tells him he cannot use his magic to cure Peter and tells Peter to prepare himself for death.

Peter, Mary Jane and Aunt May go to Latveria to use Dr. Doom's Time Machine to see past scenes in his life, like the day Richard Parker and Mary Fitzpatrick-Parker left Peter in the care of his Uncle Ben and Aunt May. After returning to Stark Tower, Peter plans a trip to Las Vegas with Mary Jane, namely in Tony Stark's penthouse suite. As he thinks of what it would be like in Las Vegas, Peter thinks about using his spider-sense to win at blackjack, in the hopes of making enough money for his family after he is gone, but of course, even Vegas would most likely be hit by super villains he would have to fight. In New York, Morlun is looking for Spider-Man (in vain) as Peter and Mary–Jane are in one of Stark's space pods, looking down upon the Earth.

Later, Peter tries to clear his head with web slinging. Not expecting to be attacked, Peter is caught off-guard when Morlun attacks him. The ensuing fight sends Spider-Man flying through J. Jonah Jameson's office. Spider-Man then moves the fight away from civilians and to Empire State University, where he was bitten by the spider that gave him his powers. The fight intensifies as momentum swings from Morlun's side to Spider-Man's side. After an exhausting array of punches and kicks, Spider-Man starts to think that he has the victory after a titanic and epic duel that raged across the city. However, an unscathed Morlun tears Spider-Man's left eye out and devours it before savagely pummeling Spider-Man, and leaves him beaten and unconscious.

Act Three
Before Morlun can kill Spider-Man, the police show up and Morlun leaves Spider-Man's bloody, unconscious body, planning to finally drain his life force when the hero is alone. The paramedics take the near-dead Spider-Man to the hospital, with the Avengers and Mary Jane Watson on the way as well when they hear what happened on television, and they learn that Spider-Man's injuries are too severe. Morlun goes to the unconscious Spider-Man's hospital bed to finish him off, but MJ attempts to stop Morlun, who effortlessly throws her across the room and also breaks her arm. Peter suddenly wakes up, and using the last of his strength, the savage, animalistic spider-side of himself takes over (granting him sharp teeth and stingers in his wrists), and he attacks Morlun, pinning the villain and impaling his arms to the floor. Peter then violently bites and tears out Morlun's neck, killing him. Reverting to normal, Peter says goodbye to MJ and falls to the floor, seemingly dead. As Aunt May and Mary Jane break down over the news, Iron Man takes Spider-Man's body, so that the public will not know that Spider-Man is dead.

Spider-Man is thought to be dead, and Iron Man transports his body away from the hospital. Mary Jane, Aunt May, and Jarvis, Iron Man's butler, meet together to grieve over Spider-Man's/Peter's death. After inspecting the body, Mary Jane talks to both Captain America and Iron Man over how to divulge the secret identity of Spider-Man. Later Wolverine flirts with MJ but to no avail as Mary Jane conceives it as another one of Wolverine's attempts to seduce her into an affair; it turns out that Wolverine only did so in an attempt to deflect her mind from the loss of her husband. After being unable to sleep, Mary Jane has a conversation with another New Avengers member, Spider-Woman (Jessica Drew), who tells her that her own and Peter's powers both derived from the spider, and that she could sense when Peter was going down; this obviously is through the mystical side of their powers. Both Spider-Woman and Spider-Man got their powers via radiation involving some form of spider DNA, and thus their powers are extremely similar. In the middle of the talk, there is an audible crash from the chamber where Peter Parker's body is kept. Mary Jane and the New Avengers arrive at the scene, to find that Peter's body has been hollowed out. Judging by the amount of glass outside the window, Captain America judges that the intruder escaped but not entered through the window. Mary Jane discovers the secret: all that is left is a skin. The scene cuts to a teacher explaining about spiders to her class and how a few rare species can shed their skin and begin anew. As the class goes to leave, we see a cocoon of webbing fastened to the Brooklyn Bridge.

Several days have passed since Peter shed his skin and begins with Iron Man flying around searching for him. Under the Brooklyn Bridge, Peter sleeps inside his cocoon and has a strange dream. A voice tells him he never understood what he was, accusing him of being too scared to truly be a "Spider-Man", only focusing on the human part and neglecting the spider part. Morlun managed to kill the human part of Peter, but the spider in him survived and killed Morlun, saving them both. The voice tells him that he will only be reborn if he accepts both parts, and warns him that Peter could be reborn very differently. Peter's soul agrees and is reborn, naked but outwardly human. He goes to the Avengers Tower and swears to Mary Jane and Aunt May that he will never leave them again. Later in the night, Peter goes to the lab where his husk is and recalls the final warning of the voice: "Are you the man who dreamed of being a spider? Or the spider who dreamed of being a man? Are you the one...or are you the other?" Shaking off the warning, Peter removes the wedding ring from the husk and heads back to bed.

Act Four
Peter gets a check up from Stark. As it turns out, Peter's wounds from his old enemies have been healed, including his missing left eye, and even the tonsils he lost in fourth grade have reappeared. As Stark puts it, Peter's "odometer had been reset" (this would be the first time he had an exoskeleton processed). Before the test could continue, Aunt May stopped it and told Peter to "go play." So Peter and Mary Jane go out and swing throughout the city, talking about how they feel about the recent events that have occurred. Meanwhile, in Stark Tower, pirate spiders have started to eat Peter's old dead body. When Spider-Man returns, he finds the top of Stark Tower covered in webbing. Inside the tower, Spider-Man finds the pirate spiders with Peter's old body. Using Peter's skin as a base, they have formed a body of their own. Engaging in battle, Spider-Man finds that the stingers he used to fight Morlun appear once again, but he is confused because "Spiders do not have stingers!" Before anything else can happen, the pirate Spider punches through the walls of Stark Tower and runs off. Spider-Man chases it down, but then it heads into the sewer. It forms a cocoon in a church. Spider-Man tells the New Avengers he has no idea about it and they want to run some more tests on him.

In a subplot, Flash Thompson, awakened from a coma, attempts to get a job at the school where Peter teaches. He is missing some memories, as he still calls Peter "puny Parker" and says that he has not seen him since high school.

Peter follows the otherworldly being (who may be "The Other"), only for it to inform him that they are both parts of the same whole, that spider-based cosmic forces are vying for control of his life and that she (the being possesses recognizably female build) is his opposite. Apparently, although a spider-deity known as "The Great Weaver" (also seen and mentioned in Araña: The Heart of the Spider) thought that Spidey's death was premature and pulled him back from his fate, others disagreed – and Peter feels his life being pulled in different directions as a result, at the center of a metaphorical spider's web where he is unsure if he is the predator or the prey.

Peter is still in a state of confusion and is having some sort of an identity crisis after his rebirth. With no time to contemplate the events of days past, Spider-Man rushes to the scene of an explosion where a building was just demolished and people are trapped under the debris. Spider-Man quickly begins to "dig" into the remains of the building, and in his attempt to find survivors, he discovers that his soul was imbued new powers from the dream, including night vision, the ability to feel vibrations through his webbing, and the ability to adhere to objects via the skin on his back, allowing him to securely carry items such as the small girl he found and rescued.

Spider-Man successfully rescues a few survivors and learns that his new powers have appeared because he is now "embracing the Other." Peter then returns home to be with Mary Jane, and they watch the nightly news which portrays Spider-Man as a hero. The issue and this storyline conclude with Tony Stark beginning work on a new costume for Spider-Man.

Variant covers
Each issue had a variant cover drawn by Mike Wieringo, featuring a different incarnation of Spider-Man.
 * Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man #1 – Classic outfit
 * Marvel Knights Spider-Man #19 – Black, symbiote outfit
 * The Amazing Spider-Man #525 – Ben Reilly as Spider-Man
 * Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man #2 – The "Amazing Bag-Man" costume, consisting of a Fantastic Four outfit with a paper bag over the head
 * Marvel Knights Spider-Man #20 – The Scarlet Spider costume, as worn by Ben Reilly, and briefly by Peter Parker
 * The Amazing Spider-Man #526 – The six-armed Spider-Man, from The Amazing Spider-Man #100–102
 * Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man #3 – The "Cosmic Spider-Man"/Captain Universe outfit
 * Marvel Knights Spider-Man #21 – The "Spider-Armor", from Web of Spider-Man #100
 * The Amazing Spider-Man #527 – Spider-Man 2099
 * Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man #4 – The outfit Peter Parker wore in Amazing Fantasy #15 when he tried out for wrestling
 * Marvel Knights Spider-Man #22 – Peter Parker in street clothes, with his costume visible under his open shirt
 * The Amazing Spider-Man #528 – Spider-Ham, as voted for by retailers and fans
 * The Amazing Spider-Man #529's third printing featured the new "Iron Spider" costume.

Promotional material
As in Da Vinci's Vitruvian Man, there is Latin written backwards on Joe Quesada's promotional image for the crossover.

When reversed and translated, it reads: ''"(Top, by Richard Isanove): Rest in peace / The play is over / The fat lady has sung / Death equals all things / Death is everything's final limit / Never despair! / Not all of me will die / It ain't over until it's over / Everything changes, nothing perishes / You have a big piece of spinach in your front teeth.

''(Bottom, by Joe Quesada): While I breathe, I hope / Nature does nothing in vain / Look around you, remember that you are mortal / It is said that for a sick man, there is hope as long as there is life / While we have the time, let us do good / I am broken, I am not deflected / Anything said in Latin sounds profound / Get a life / How fearful is this hour / A precipice in front, wolves behind / Be patient and tough; some day this pain will be useful to you / For those in misery perhaps better things will follow / We do not fear death, but the thought of death / After the darkness, light / You're from New York, aren't you? / Royally screwed."''

Aftermath
Peter David continued The Other in Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man with the character of Miss Arrow, a nurse that attended Midtown High School and became romantically involved with Flash Thompson. Early on, David dropped hints that Arrow was not as innocent as she seemed; she had the ability to extend stingers from her wrists much like Spider-Man and to control spiders. Later on, it was revealed that she was in fact The Other from the previous storyline, and "Arrow" was a play on the word "ero", a genus of pirate spider.

Continuity
Many of the new powers Peter developed during "The Other" (and the powers obtained from his incident with the Queen) have not been used or referenced in several years. His night vision and arthropod communication powers were rarely ever mentioned after the storyline in which they were introduced, and his stingers were stated to only come out during special circumstances, such as when he was confronting a magical threat. Following the One More Day storyline, he apparently lost his ability to create organic webbing, although no explanation has been given for why. He still retains his boosted levels of strength, speed, and agility, his enhanced healing factor and spider-sense, and his connection to the "Web of Life."

In the last issue of the "Spider-Island"'s last storyline, "The Other" was confirmed to still have happened in a conversation between Peter and Kaine. Kaine said that 'he died and came back with all these new powers', to which Peter responded that he had "been there."

The supernatural aspects of Kaine's revival have since been revisited in the Scarlet Spider vol 2, where Kaine sporadically uses some of his "Other"-induced powers. In the fourteenth issue, Kaine is killed by the Lobo Brothers and is visited in the afterlife by Ero, who reveals it is the Spider-God and offers to return him to life as "The Other" if he embraces the spider within him, because Peter had rejected it. Though initially resistant, Kaine soon considers that he has people to protect and accepts, restoring him to life though with a more monstrous appearance, Kaine later managed to control his new instincts and return to his human appearance.

Following the "Spider-Verse" storyline, Kaine's powers of the Other was no longer after the previous battle with Morlun and the Inheritors.

Other versions
A What If? story about Spider-Man: The Other, written by Peter David (who had originally written a third of the story), was released on November 15, 2006. Diverging from Amazing Spider-Man #527 (Part 9), Spider-Man rejects the rebirth and attacks the spider that offered it to him. The Venom symbiote sensed what was happening, and left Mac Gargan to seek out Peter Parker in his cocoon under the Brooklyn Bridge. It seeks him out and takes him over, filling the gap left by an incomplete metamorphosis. The new creature calls itself "Poison" and breaks into Stark Tower and confronts Aunt May and Mary Jane. His intention is to replicate himself within Mary Jane. Wolverine and Luke Cage fight Poison and are soon defeated, but then Mary Jane convinces him to leave. Poison eventually unearths the body of Gwen Stacy and replicates, implanting the newly spawned symbiote in Gwen's body, resulting in a female Carnage lookalike.

title: Spider-Man: The Other


text:
Yksel Osmanovski

Yksel Osmanovski (Turkish: Yüksel Osmanoğlu; born 24 February 1977) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a striker. Starting off his career with Malmö FF in the mid-1990s, he went on to represent Bari, Torino, and Bordeaux before retiring at Malmö FF in 2007. A full international between 1998 and 2006, he won 15 caps for the Sweden national team and represented them at UEFA Euro 2000.

Early life
Born in Skrävlinge, Malmö, Osmanovski grew up in Rosengård, where fellow Swedish footballer Zlatan Ibrahimović also grew up. In an early interview, Zlatan said that "within a few years, I will play in Italy, and eventually the national team. I want to follow in Yksel's footsteps. We know each other, even if he is four years older than me. I got his autograph when he started playing for Malmö FF, when I played in Malmö BI. When he came to Rosengård and played and dribbled with us kids, we were all shouting "Yksel, Yksel, Yksel!" - Ibrahimović, in 2000.

Club career
Osmanovski played for Malmö BI and IFK Malmö as a child, but joined Malmö FF in 1987 where he eventually made his debut in 1995. He gradually became a star in the Swedish league, and was bought by Italian Serie A outfit Bari. After three seasons he moved on to Torino, but struggled to capture a first team place. He had a loan spell at Bordeaux, where he was on the bench when they won the 2002 Coupe de la Ligue Final, before returning to Malmö FF in 2004. There he was part of the team that won the Allsvenskan league title, although Osmanovski himself did not receive a winner's medal, because he took part in too few matches. Still he played the crucial role, in stopping a ball on the goal line against title rivals Halmstad BK. Had it gone in, Malmö would certainly not won the league title, but thanks to a 2–2 draw, they kept themselves within a shot.

In February 2008, Osmanovski announced his retirement from professional football, having not had his contract with Malmö renewed.

International career
Osmanovski was the first Muslim to represent Sweden. He played 15 international matches. and was a squad player for the Euro 2000.

Coaching career
On 14 January 2013, it was announced that Osmanovski would return to football, working as U21 coach for his previous club Malmö FF.

International

 * Scores and results list Sweden's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Osmanovski goal.

Honours
Malmö FF

 * Allsvenskan: 2004

title: Yksel Osmanovski


text:
User talk:Ksajfavsld;msfvk;a

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. -- Francs2000 16:02, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. -- Francs2000 16:04, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. -- Francs2000 16:07, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ksajfavsld;msfvk;a


text:
Obelix and Co.

Obelix and Co. is the twenty-third volume of the Asterix comic book series, by René Goscinny (stories) and Albert Uderzo (illustrations). The book's main focus is on the attempts by the Gaul-occupying Romans to corrupt the one remaining village that still holds out against them by instilling capitalism. It is also the penultimate volume written by Goscinny before his death in 1977; his final volume, Asterix in Belgium, was released after his death in 1979.

Plot summary
After Obelix single-handedly defeats a newly arrived battalion of Roman soldiers, Julius Caesar ponders over how to defeat the village of rebellious Gauls. A young Roman called Preposterus, using his studies in economics, proposes that the Gauls to be integrated into capitalism. Caesar agrees, sending Preposterus to one of the village's outlying Roman camps. Upon meeting Obelix carrying a menhir through the forest, Preposterus claims to be a menhir buyer and offers to make Obelix a rich man, on the pretext it will give him power, by buying every menhir he can make. Obelix agrees and begins making and delivering a single menhir a day to him.

Demand for his goods increases in time, forcing Obelix to hire villagers – while some aid him, the others hunt boar for himself and his new workers. The resulting workload causes him to neglect his faithful companion Dogmatix, while Asterix refuses to help him, concerned on what this is doing to him. As Obelix grows wealthy and begins wearing ostentatious clothes, many of the village's men are criticised by their wives for not matching his success. In response, many turn to making their own menhirs to sell to the Romans, despite not knowing what they are for, with Getafix supplying them with magic potion for their work. As most of the village grows wealthy, except for Asterix, Getafix, Cacofonix and Vitalstatistix who did not engage in the new economic system. Asterix believes that this new change will not last.

Eventually, Caesar becomes angered when he learns that Preposterus' plan is placing him in financial debt. To counter this, Preposterus decides to sell the abundance of menhirs to patricians on the pretext they are a symbol of great wealth and high rank. However, this causes problems as other provinces begin making their own menhirs to sell to the Romans, creating a growing Menhir crisis that is crippling the Roman economy and threatening a civil conflict from the Empire's workforce. To put a stop to this, Caesar orders Preposterus to cease further trading with Gauls or face being thrown to the lions.

Unknown to him, Obelix becomes miserable from the wealth and power he made, having never understood it all, and how much it has changed other villagers, making him wish to go back to enjoying the fun he had with Asterix and Dogmatix. Asterix soon hears of this and agrees to go hunting boar with him if he reverts to his old clothes, knowing that the villagers' lives are about to return to normal. When Preposterus arrives to announce he will not be buying another menhir, the villagers claim Obelix knew of this in advance when he called a halt in his work but did not tell them, causing him to fight with them. Asterix soon breaks up the fight, directing the villagers to attack the Romans for causing the whole mess they are in. As they head off to wreck the camp Preposterus is residing in, Obelix decides to take no part in the fight. While the villagers' wealth is gone, after events in Rome caused the sestertius they received to be devalued, they hold a traditional banquet to celebrate the return to normality.

Economic issues

 * The book is a parody of capitalism:
 * While Obelix could hunt boar before, he begins to overwork for the purpose of buying them (and ridiculous clothing). This pointless circle of money is something Obelix never understands in the first place, when all this stress could be prevented by simply hunting and living the simple life like before.
 * Capitalism is also looked at as pointless through the fact that the only thing that represents it by being bought serves no practical purpose, as a menhir is simply a large stone.
 * When the makers of Roman menhirs are banned from selling their stock, they block the Roman roads in protest at the loss of their jobs.
 * The London School of Economics is referred to as the Latin School of Economics, where Preposterus is trained. It is the École Nationale d'Administration (ENA) through the Nouvelle École d'Affranchis (NEA) in the original.

Cultural references

 * The character of Preposterus is a parody of French politician Jacques Chirac, then Prime Minister under President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, and himself President of the Republic from 1995 to 2007.
 * On page 27, Laurel and Hardy make an appearance as Roman legionaries ordered to unload the menhirs from Obelix's cart.
 * When, on page 2, the Romans leave the camp, two of the legionaries are carrying a drunk on a shield. The bearers are Goscinny and Uderzo themselves and the drunk is their friend Pierre Tchernia.
 * In this story, camp life for the Roman legionaries is shown as undisciplined and complacent, mostly due to the lack of any conflict with the Gaulish villagers during the Menhir trade. In other Asterix adventures they are usually vigilant, clean-shaven, and well-organized; but here the men's faces are covered in stubble and life is almost anarchic. This laxity is represented in the watchtower guard, who becomes increasingly dishevelled with every appearance.
 * Page 36 of this book was the 1000th page of Asterix. It is the page in which Preposterus uses a number of stone tablets in order to explain his strategy of selling menhirs to an increasingly bewildered Caesar. This panel had been hailed as a remarkable explanation of modern commerce and advertising. To mark this special page 36, there is a small panel with the names of the authors, and right under another small panel with the Roman numeral M, meaning 1000th, and below a tiny Latin text saying 'Albo notamba lapillo'. It should read 'Albo notanda lapillo', which means literally "To be noted with a white stone" and has given the well-known French expression "à marquer d'une pierre blanche", meaning in English "to go down as a milestone" (alternatively this expression is used in referring more precisely to a calendar day, probable origin of the expression in the Antiquity : albo notanda lapillo dies, "day to be noted with a white stone", meaning "red letter day"-), but it is here purposely misspelled in Latin : "notamba", a pun in French meaning "note en bas", literally "note at the bottom" or footnote, which is what the panel is.
 * Getafix's comment on page 30 "And the funny thing is, we still don't know what menhirs are for!" refers to the fact that modern archeologists and historians are uncertain what purpose they served.
 * The "Egyptian menhir" advertised in Rome is an obelisk, similar to Cleopatra's Needle.

In other languages

 * Catalan: Obèlix i companyia
 * Croatian:  Obelix d.o.o.
 * Czech: Obelix & spol.
 * Danish: Obelix & Co. ApS
 * Dutch: Obelix & co.
 * Finnish: Obelix ja kumpp.
 * German: Obelix GmbH & Co. KG
 * Greek: Οβελίξ και Σία
 * Hebrew: אובליקס וחבורתו
 * Hungarian: Obelix és társa
 * Indonesian: Obèlix dan Kawan-kawan
 * Italian: Asterix e la Obelix SpA
 * Norwegian: Obelix & Co. A/S
 * Polish: Obeliks i spółka
 * Portuguese: Obélix e Companhia
 * Turkish: Oburiks ve Şirketi
 * Serbian: Obeliksovo preduzeće
 * Spanish: Obélix y compañía
 * Swedish: Obelix & Co.

Reception
On Goodreads, it has a score of 4.11 out of 5.

title: Obelix and Co.


text:
Haiku Tunnel

Haiku Tunnel is a 2001 office comedy film about the struggle between temporary and permanent employment.

Plot
Josh is the consummate temp employee, avoiding all long-term connections and responsibilities, both at work and in his personal life. However, by the time his agency places him at the Schuyler & Mitchell law firm, Josh is tired of his temporary life and agrees to take a permanent position at the firm. Josh has difficulty adapting to his new lifestyle, which manifests in his inability to complete his simple initial task: mailing seventeen important letters.

Cast

 * Josh Kornbluth as himself
 * Warren Keith as Bob 'Bob' Shelby
 * Amy Resnick as Mindy
 * Harry Shearer as Orientation Instructor
 * Leah Alperin as Temp #1
 * Jacob Kornbluth as Temp #2
 * Stephen Muller as Temp #3
 * Linda Norton as Temp #4
 * Helen Shumaker as Marlina D'Amore
 * Sarah Overman as Julie Faustino
 * Brian Thorstenson as Clifford
 * June Lomena as DaVonne
 * Joanne Evangelista as Caryl
 * Jennifer Laske as Helen the Ex-Girlfriend
 * Patricia Scanlon as Helen the Ex-Secretary
 * Joe Bellan as Jimmy the Mail Clerk
 * Michael X. Sommers as Crack Attorney

Meaning of the title
The Haiku Tunnel Project (part of Interstate H-3) is a huge document containing lists of all the products needed for a tunnel in Hawaii. Josh was working in a word processing job when he was given the project. At the time he was "totally-temp" and as he was going through copying this project, he found himself inside the Haiku Tunnel. And now that he finally had what he always wanted (no strings attached) he found himself unhappy.

title: Haiku Tunnel


text:
Royal Field Artillery

The Royal Field Artillery (RFA) of the British Army provided close artillery support for the infantry. It came into being when created as a distinct arm of the Royal Regiment of Artillery on 1 July 1899, serving alongside the other two arms of the regiment, the Royal Horse Artillery (RHA) and the Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA). It ceased to exist when it was amalgamated with the Royal Garrison Artillery in 1924. The Royal Field Artillery was the largest arm of the artillery. It was responsible for the medium calibre guns and howitzers deployed close to the front line and was reasonably mobile. It was organised into brigades, attached to divisions or higher formations.

It participated in the Mesopotamian campaign during World War 1.

Notable members

 * Ernest Wright Alexander, Victoria Cross recipient
 * Tom Barry served in Mesopotamian campaign
 * Ralph Chetwynd (1890-1957), Canadian businessman and politician, recipient Military Cross 1918
 * Henry Curling, sole British front line officer to survive the Battle of Isandlwana
 * Colin Gubbins (1896–1976), prime mover of the Special Operations Executive (SOE)
 * Dar Lyon (1898–1964). first-class cricketer
 * Norman Manley (1893–1969), first Premier of Jamaica, serving from 14 August 1959 to 29 April 1962
 * Donald McLeod (1882–1917), represented Scotland at football
 * Cecil Patteson Nickalls, D.S.O. (1877-1925), champion polo player who killed himself with a gun on 7 April 1925
 * Alfred William Saunders (1888–1930), World War I flying ace
 * Garth Neville Walford, Victoria Cross recipient
 * Francis Wallington, first recipient of the Military Cross four times

title: Royal Field Artillery


text: Talk:Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki

title: Talk:Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki


text:
Asterix and the Great Crossing

Asterix and the Great Crossing is the twenty-second volume of the Asterix comic book series, by René Goscinny (stories) and Albert Uderzo (illustrations).

Plot summary
Unhygienix has run out of fresh fish. Since his stock has to be transported from Lutetia (modern-day Paris), it will be some time before the next delivery of fish. However Getafix says he can't wait since he needs some for his potion. Asterix and Obelix volunteer to resolve the issue by going fishing, to which end they borrow a boat from Geriatrix. After a storm, they get lost, but despite Obelix's concerns, they do not reach the edge of the world; instead, following a brief encounter with the pirates, they arrive on an island (which the reader surmises is Manhattan Island) with delicious birds that the Gauls call "gobblers" (turkeys), bears and "Romans" with strange facial paintings (Native Americans).

Soon they earn the "Romans"' affection, but they decide to leave after the "centurion" chooses Obelix as his rather Rubenesque daughter's fiancé. They go to a small island (which the reader surmises is Liberty Island). Seeing a boat coming, Asterix climbs a cairn of rocks holding a torch and a book like the Statue of Liberty to attract it. The crew are anachronistic Norsemen (with names like Herendethelessen, Steptøånssen, Nøgøødreåssen, Håråldwilssen, Irmgard, Firegård, and their Great Dane, Huntingseåssen) – who managed a Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact and take the Gauls, who they thought to be the local natives, to their homeland as proof that there are continents beyond Europe.

The Gauls wanting to return home, and the Vikings' eagerness to prove their story of a new world, results in a trip back to Europe to the Vikings' homeland. The Vikings' chief, Ødiuscomparissen, greets them and is skeptical of their stories, until he sees the Gauls. They plan a celebration, then attempt to sacrifice the "natives", much to the chagrin of the other Vikings ("Why? They haven't done anything!").

Before this can be carried out, a Gaulish prisoner called Catastrofix, who can understand both Gallic and Norse, stirs up Ødiuscomparissen's suspicion that Herendethelessen is a liar, causing a fight between the Norsemen with the assumption that Herendethelessen has simply gone to Gaul rather than to a new world. Meanwhile, the Gauls escape. This escape is conducive to their original purpose, since Catastrofix is a fisherman and hence able to procure some fish for the magic potion. Unhygenix, however, prefers the scent of his own stock; a preference that explains why his product is such a delicate topic.

Commentary

 * Asterix and Obelix discover a turkey and decide to eat it. Asterix says it tastes good, but Obelix notes that it might be better to stuff it with another type of food. This is a reference to Thanksgiving, when American families traditionally eat stuffed Thanksgiving turkey.
 * On page 21 Asterix calls the country "a New World", a reference to the nickname 16th century discoverers gave America. He also claims that in this place everything is possible. Asterix is actually talking about possible dangers, but the authors wrote this quote as a reference to the American Dream.
 * When Obelix punches one of the attacking Native Americans K.O. the warrior first sees American-style emblematic eagles; the second time he sees stars in the formation of the Stars and Stripes; the third time, he sees stars shaped like the United States Air Force roundel.
 * On page 29 Obelix claims that this way he will certainly not be eating cold dog meat. This is a reference to hot dogs.
 * Asterix's idea for getting the attention of the nearby Viking ship by holding up a torch references the Statue of Liberty (which was a gift from France). Obelix is first sceptical, but when Asterix reminds him that if they don't try this plan he will have to marry the Native American Chief's daughter, Obelix gets frightened and states: "I value my liberty", as another reference to the Statue of Liberty.
 * The idea that Vikings reached America centuries before Columbus is one that was seriously considered at the time and is now seen as fact. However, the Vikings landed in America around 1000 C.E., roughly a thousand years after the time period where Asterix is set.
 * When the Vikings set foot on American ground Herendethelessen paraphrases Neil Armstrong's famous quote: "It's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind," defending the quote on the grounds that it "just came to [him]".
 * When the Native American scout who got caught by Obelix related what happened to his Chief with physical actions is probably a reference to different tribes of them communicating with each other through sign language.
 * On the night when Asterix and Obelix were welcomed into the tribe of Native Americans, the latter found out from the chief that their dinner is dog meat which is probably a reference to certain tribes viewing it as a delicacy.
 * In the original French version, on page 32, Obelix claims he learned a thing or two while he was at the prairie and uses the word "yep!". This is a reference to westerns, and incidentally to Franco-Belgian comics series Lucky Luke, also written by René Goscinny at the time, set in the American Old West, and whose titular character frequently used the expression. In the English translation this is rendered as "I've sure learnt a thing or two home on this range."
 * On page 36 the Vikings give Asterix and Obelix beads, just like 15th–17th century European settlers gave beads to the native tribes in America.
 * The nationality of the Vikings in this story is Danish, while the Vikings in the earlier Asterix and the Normans were depicted as Norsemen, a more general term. Several references make this clear:
 * This is made clear by several references to William Shakespeare's play about the Danish prince Hamlet. Odiuscomparissen at one point says: "Something is rotten in the state of ..." while holding a skull in his hand. In the play, the character Marcellus claims "something is rotten in the state of Denmark", and Hamlet delivers a monologue on death while holding the exhumed skull of his childhood playmate, the court jester Yorick. Towards the end of the comic Herendethelessen is seen wondering if he is a discoverer or not? He concludes by quoting Hamlet: "To be or not to be, that's the question."
 * When the Vikings' village is in sight, Herendethelessen tells his crewmembers to get ready to be covered with honors only for them to be greeted by an angry booming voice. Steptøånssen remarks that it is their fearsome chief Odiuscomparissen, to which Herendethelessen tells him that it certainly is not a mermaid — a reference to the statue The Little Mermaid in the port of Danish capital Copenhagen.
 * Herendethelessen's dog, Huntingseåssen, is a Great Dane.
 * Pseudo-Danish spelling (English replacing all the O's by Ø's and all the A's by Å's) is used for the Vikings' speech.
 * The Norwegian version neatly avoided some of the Danish references by naming Hereendeththelessen after the historical Leiv Eiriksson, making a point of his father's red hair (Eirik Raude). Thus, a Norwegian reader instinctively puts the Viking village on Iceland or possibly Greenland.
 * In the English translation a Viking in the voyage is named Håråldwilssen, presumably because the English translators felt he shared Harold Wilson's physical features.

Film adaptation

 * The 1994 animated film Asterix Conquers America, starring Craig Charles as the voice of Asterix and Howard Lew Lewis as the voice of Obelix, is based on this book. The most noticeable differences between the book and the film is that in the film, Getafix accompanies Asterix to America – albeit because he had been abducted by Romans seeking to get rid of him by throwing him off the edge of the world – and that the Vikings do not appear in the film.

In other languages

 * Catalan: La gran travessia
 * Croatian: Onkraj oceana (Beyond ocean)
 * Czech: Asterix a Velká zámořská plavba
 * Danish: Asterix opdager Amerika (Asterix discovers America)
 * Dutch: De grote oversteek
 * Finnish: Asterix ja suuri merimatka (Asterix and the Great Sea Journey)
 * Galician: A gran travesía
 * German: Die große Überfahrt
 * Greek: Το μεγάλο ταξίδι
 * Hebrew: אסטריקס מגלה את אמריקה (Asterix discovers America)
 * Icelandic: Ástríkur heppni
 * Italian: Asterix in America
 * Norwegian: Asterix oppdager Amerika (Asterix discovers America)
 * Polish: Wielka przeprawa
 * Portuguese: A grande Travessia
 * Russian: Астерикс и Великое Плавание
 * Serbian: Velika plovidba
 * Spanish: La Gran Travesía
 * Swedish: Resan över Atlanten
 * Turkish: Büyük Yolculuk
 * Ukrainian: Астерікс та Обелікс завойовують Америку

Reception
The book has a score of 4.04 on Goodreads.

authors: Я сошла с ума

title: Asterix and the Great Crossing


text:
User talk:Exelban

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Wolfram Mathworld says nothing about Meyer numbers. Google results for "Meyer number" are too varied to indicate a unified concept. First result is "Meyer Number Plate : Goped & Pocket Bike : Gopeds," fifth result is "Additional Retired Pirate Uniform Numbers," another is "Ziebach County, South Dakota, USA - Dams - Place Names," etc. PrimeFan 17:59, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Exelban


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Asterix and Caesar's Gift

Asterix and Caesar's Gift is the twenty-first volume of the Asterix comic book series, by René Goscinny (stories) and Albert Uderzo (illustrations). It was the first Asterix adventure that was not published in serial form in Pilote magazine prior to its publication as a book.

Synopsis
Having completed twenty years of service in the Roman Army, veteran legionaries Tremensdelirius and Egganlettus await their honesta missio (Latin: honorary discharge) in the morning, but that night a drunk Tremensdelirius insults Julius Caesar and gets arrested. When Caesar is informed of Tremensdelirius's mishap, he decides to play a practical joke on him. Caesar awards a "special gift" to Tremensdelirius: Asterix's village in Armorica, the only territory of Gaul not yet conquered by the Roman legions. Tremensdelirius sees little merit in a gift he cannot drink and winds up exchanging the gift for wine and food at an inn in Arausio, owned by Orthopaedix.

Orthopaedix, his wife Angina and daughter Influenza arrive at the village only to be disappointed to find it already inhabited, and that Caesar does not own the village at all (making the gift worthless). With no place to go, Angina berates her husband for selling their inn to travel to Armorica. Vitalstatistix overhears the conversation and decides to offer Orthopaedix a building to open a new inn. Obelix soon has a crush on Influenza, while Geriatrix doesn't welcome Orthopaedix and his family, regarding them as outsiders. The villagers attend the new inn's opening night, but Vitalstatistix's wife Impedimenta and Angina start arguing about who owns the village. A fight ensues and the inn is trashed as a result.

The next morning, a bruised Orthopaedix is ready to leave and return to Lutetia, his hometown, but Angina wants to have revenge on Impedimenta and makes a claim to the leadership of the village on behalf of her husband. Vitalstatistix, shocked, has Cacofonix obtain an opinion poll of the villagers and learns that aside from Geriatrix, the villagers don't really care, until Vitalstatistix makes a few remarks that offends some of the villagers, making them go to the other side. A political race starts, and Geriatrix thinks Vitalstatistix is weak and tries to stand for Chief himself. Asterix becomes worried that internal conflict could benefit the Romans. Meanwhile, Tremensdelirius arrives at the village to visit Orthopaedix, explains that since their last meeting he unsuccessfully tried all kinds of trade and he wants his land back, since he is in fact not allowed to sell the land. When the family refuses, he draws his sword. Asterix arrives, and the two fight, with Asterix winning. Influenza is impressed, while Tremensdelirius, swearing revenge, goes to the Laudanum Roman camp and finds his old friend Egganlettus serving as an aide-de-camp under the local centurion (as he found retirement boring and signed up for another 20 years). With his support, Tremensdelirius makes an official request to the centurion to restore his land. The centurion is reluctant to face the Gauls, but the veterans threaten to report him to Caesar, and he agrees to prepare a military attack with the new weapons they have.

The following day, Influenza expresses her admiration to Asterix, making the jealous Obelix feel betrayed. Asterix attempts to warn everyone about Tremensdelirius, but his warning falls on deaf ears. Hence, Asterix decides to investigate and discovers that the Romans are preparing siege weapons. The Romans see him, but are afraid to attack, allowing him to retreat and escape (as he has no magic potion with him to fight against them). His escape gives the Romans the belief that the Gauls can no longer resist the Romans, and makes them more confident.

Asterix returns to the village and attempts to warn them, but everyone gathers to witness the public debate between Vitalstatistix and Orthopaedix, until it is interrupted by rocks launched from the Roman catapults. Vitalstatistix begs for Getafix to give them magic potion, but the druid refuses, too disgusted by the Gaulish in-fighting. When Vitalstatistix asks for the druid to give magic potion to his rival instead, Getafix finally agrees to help them. The villagers manage to defeat the Romans, with Orthopaedix himself confronting Tremensdelirius and smashing Caesar's gift on Tremensdelirius's head.

The Gauls are reconciled following their victory. A much more confident Orthopaedix befriends his former rival, and decides to withdraw his claim for leadership and return to Lutetia, despite Angina's objections. Impedimenta and Angina also become friends. Obelix is saddened that Influenza will be leaving with her parents but is reconciled with Asterix. The village then hosts a banquet.

Commentary

 * The granting of land to Roman soldiers after long years of service is historically true.
 * Tremensdelirius, in English, was named after his drunkenness; in the original French language his name is given as Roméomontaigus after Romeo Montague, one of two title characters in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. The connection between the two characters is not particularly evident.
 * Orthopaedix is drawn as a caricature of André Alerme (September 9, 1877 – February 2, 1960), an actor.
 * Influenza is called 'Zaza' for short (a possible reference to Zsa Zsa Gabor), and therefore interprets Asterix's victory over Tremensdelirius, in which he cut the letter 'Z' in Tremensdelirius' clothing, as dedicated to her. In fact the Z is a reference to Zorro; the TV series was often shown on TV in continental Europe. Asterix's dialogue during the swordfight is a reference to Cyrano de Bergerac. (In the English translation it includes references to the climactic swordfight in Hamlet.)
 * Vitalstatistix and his brother-in-law Homeopathix confront each other in person at the beginning and the finale of Asterix and the Laurel Wreath, and Impedimenta entertains hopes of the two entering a partnership in Asterix and the Soothsayer; whereas here, Vitalstatistix befriends Orthopaedix on grounds that the latter, like himself, has quarreled with in-laws in Lutetia.
 * This is the second time Vitalstatistix is challenged by a contender to the leadership of the village, and the first time his leadership is challenged by the population of the village. He is not challenged again until Asterix and the Secret Weapon.
 * This is the first time the Gauls of the story are shown electing leaders as if in democracy; but here, the leader has no fixed term and retains leadership until challenged; potentially until death.
 * This story has one of only a few scenes where Asterix uses his sword, and one of an equally few in which Cacofonix is not bound and gagged at the end of the story.
 * The story parodies political campaigns in general, election campaigns in particular, and perhaps especially the French presidential election of 1974 (which was won by Valery Giscard d'Estaing), the date of publication of this album. Election day is mentioned as set for the celebration day of Lugh; but the election is cancelled after the withdrawal of Orthopaedix.
 * In some of the scenes (after Vitalstatistix falls off his shield), there is a hen in love with Vitalstatistix's helmet.

Reception
On Goodreads, it has a score of 4.10 out of 5.

authors: Я сошла с ума

title: Asterix and Caesar's Gift


text:
User talk:Furry

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Lixia

Lìxià (literally "start of summer" or "inauguration of summer") is the 7th solar term according to the traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar, which divides a year into 24 solar terms.

It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 45° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 60°. The word Lixia most often refers specifically to the first day of this period, the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 45°. In the Gregorian calendar, this is around May 5, and the Lixia period ends with the beginning of the next solar term, Xiaoman, around May 21.

Lixia signifies the beginning of summer in Chinese culture, and due to the importance of summer in the agrarian society of ancient China, the day is associated with many cultural traditions, which vary by region.

Pentads
Each solar term can be divided into three pentads. They are the first pentad (初候), second pentad (次候), and last pentad (末候). Lixia's pentads are:

 * First pentad: – crickets start to chirp
 * Second pentad: – earthworms come out
 * Last pentad: – melon plants begin to bear fruit

Traditional customs
According to the ancient Book of Rites, on Lixia the emperor would lead the Three Ducal Ministers, the Nine Ministers, and senior officials in greeting the summer, and the day was celebrated with gifts and music. From James Legge's translation:

"In this month there takes place the inauguration of summer. Three days before this ceremony, the Grand recorder informs the son of Heaven, saying, 'On such-and-such a day is the inauguration of summer. The energies of the season are most fully seen in fire.' On this the son of Heaven devotes himself to self-purification; and on the day, at the head of the three ducal ministers, the nine high ministers, and his Great officers, he proceeds to meet the summer in the southern suburbs. On their return, rewards are distributed. He grants to the feudal princes (an increase of) territory. Congratulations and gifts proceed, and all are joyful and pleased. Orders are also given to the chief master of music to teach the practice of ceremonies and music together. Orders are given to the Grand Peace-maintainer to recommend men of eminence, allow the worthy and good to have free course and bring forward the tall and large. His conferring of rank and regulation of emolument must be in accordance with the position (of the individual)."

A number of Lixia traditions relate to food. Some traditions symbolize neighborliness, including a traditional Lixia food, "seven-family porridge". Traditionally, people would ask for rice from their neighbors, cook it into rice porridge with multicolored beans and brown sugar, and share it with family, friends, and neighbors. A similar tradition, with the same significance, is "seven-family tea" : people would ask each of their neighbors for a few tea leaves and mix them together to brew tea.

For farmers in parts of China, Lixia is traditionally the time of the "three new" crops: cherries, green plums, and millet. These three early-ripening crops are typically ready to be eaten around Lixia, and traditionally some people would use them as religious offerings. In other parts of China, other crops become available around Lixia. Near Zhejiang's Guxi River, people eat Lixia cakes (made from rice or wheat), Chinese scholartree seeds, tofu, and bamboo shoots. A poem from Hangzhou mentions plums, flatcakes, cherries, cured meat, fish, black rice cakes, three-colored amaranth, sea snails, salted duck eggs, roast goose, broad beans, and rice wine fermentation, all of which were associated with Lixia. In contrast, in Taiwan, the arrival of crops is a less relevant part of Lixia, as the warm climate means that a variety of crops are available year-round.

In Tangxi, Hangzhou, in addition to pastries and salted duck eggs, Lixia foods include colorful "Lixia dogs" made from glutinous rice.

Another tradition is weighing people, a complicated process that dates back to ancient China, before the existence of modern scales. Each person is weighed by sitting on a plank suspended from roof beams with hemp rope, or alternatively, an iron weight is hung from one side of the plank while the person sits in a bamboo basket hanging from the other side. This tradition is especially popular with children. With modern technology it has largely disappeared, but it is preserved in some communities as a symbol of good health for the coming summer.

Other significance
According to folk sayings, Lixia is a busy time for farmers. South of the Yangtze River, it marks the beginning of the rainy season. In some areas, it signifies the end of the spring tea-picking season.

Historically, people used the sounds of animals on Lixia to predict the year's weather. According to a belief mentioned in the Book of Zhou, if crickets (and according to some interpretations, frogs) do not make noise on Lixia, the year will be very rainy with a risk of flooding.

title: Lixia


text:
Xiazhi

Xiàzhì is the 10th solar term, and marks the summer solstice, in the traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar dividing a year into 24 solar terms.

It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 90° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 105°. The word xiazhi most often refers specifically to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 90°. In the Gregorian calendar, this is around 21 June, and the Xiazhi period ends with the beginning of the next solar term, Xiaoshu, around 7 July.

Xiazhi is considered the middle of the summer and the beginning of the hottest part of summer. Although it was once celebrated with traditional customs, these customs have mostly died out, and Xiazhi is not observed much anymore.

Pentads
Each solar term can be divided into three pentads of about five days each: the first pentad (初候), second pentad (次候), and last pentad (末候).

Xiazhi's ones are:
 * First pentad: – deer antlers come off
 * Second pentad: – cicadas begin to chirp
 * Last pentad: – midsummer comes, or Pinellia ternata grows

Separately from the pentads, the 15 days of Xiazhi were historically divided into three periods in a different way: a three-day initial period, a five-day middle period, and a seven-day final period. If it rained at the end of any of these periods, this was considered to be a bad sign for the year's harvest. If it did not rain at all during the 15-day Xiazhi period, this was considered a good sign for the harvest; if rain did fall, the most auspicious days for it to fall on were the first, fourth, fifth, ninth and tenth days of the period.

History and traditional customs
Xiazhi is an ancient festival; records of its observance date back to the Han dynasty. People celebrated Xiazhi simply by taking a few days off for eating and drinking. Government officials in particular were able to rest for these days, while farmers still had work that needed to be done.

In ancient China, Xiazhi was not as important a date as Dongzhi (the winter solstice, celebrated with the Dongzhi Festival), and its celebrations were less elaborate. In the Song dynasty, according to the historian and government official Pang Yuanying, Xiazhi was a three-day holiday; this is in contrast to Dongzhi, which was a weeklong holiday at the time.

The Liang dynasty scholar Zong Lin wrote that on Xiazhi farmers should burn chrysanthemum leaves and sprinkle the ashes on their wheat plants as a form of natural disinfectant to prevent plant diseases or pests.

The Xiazhi "Nine Nines Song", dating back at least to the Song dynasty, has multiple variations, one of which goes as follows:

One nine, two nines, the fan doesn't leave your hand; Three nines, twenty-seven, drinking water is as sweet as honey; Four nines, thirty-six, wiping away sweat is like coming out of a bath; Five nines, forty-five, yellow leaves dance above; Six nines, fifty-four, cool off in a Buddhist temple; Seven nines, sixty-three, look for the sheets at the bedside; Eight nines, seventy-two, think about using a blanket; Nine nines, eighty-one, every household makes charcoal; Get ready for winter.  一九二九扇子不离手； 三九二十七，饮水甜如蜜； 四九三十六，拭汗如出浴； 五九四十五，头带黄叶舞； 六九五十四，乘凉入佛寺； 七九六十三，床头寻被单； 八九七十二，思量盖夹被； 九九八十一，家家打炭基； 准备过冬了.

In the mid-20th century, the American sociologist Wolfram Eberhard wrote that "the ordinary citizen is hardly even aware" of Xiazhi celebrations, but that in the past, government officials did make sacrifices on this day. According to Eberhard, it was formerly prohibited to light large fires or smelt iron on this day.

In modern times, these traditional customs have largely been lost, and Xiazhi is generally ignored. This is in contrast to the winter solstice festival, Dongzhi, which continues to be actively observed in modern times.

Food
In much of China, it is traditional to eat noodles on Xiazhi; a popular saying says "jiaozi on Dongzhi; noodles on Xiazhi" (冬至饺子夏至面). An alternative saying about Xiazhi foods goes "Dumplings for the first nine days, noodles for the second nine days, and pancake with eggs for the third nine days" (头伏饺子二伏面，三伏烙饼摊鸡蛋).

Other Xiazhi foods vary by region: for instance in Taizhou, Zhejiang, it is traditional to eat maiyouzhi (a kind of spring roll), yanggao (a kind of small sticky cake), and dumplings.

Solstice
The solstices (as well as the equinoxes) mark the middle of the seasons in traditional East Asian calendars.

Here, the Chinese character 至 / zhì (in pinyin) means "extreme", so the term "xiazhi", for the summer solstice, directly signifies the "zenith of summer".

title: Xiazhi


text:
Mangzhong

Mangzhong is the ninth of twenty-four solar terms in the Chinese calendar year. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 75 degrees, which usually occurs around 5 June in the Gregorian calendar. The name can be used to refer to the first day, or to the whole period of the solar term, which ends when the sun reaches the longitude of 90 degrees, approximately on 21 June. The solar terms signify important agricultural dates, and Mangzhong marks the period for seed sowing.

Mangzhong has a cognate of Mang chủng, and was recently popularized without historical recognition in Vietnam. It is also known as Bōshu in Japanese and Mangjong in Korean.

History and origins
In Chinese, Mangzhong means "Grain in Ear." Mang means "grain", but also "busy". It signifies that farmers have to return to the fields and work intensively. "Grain in ear" also means that grains have matured. During this period, awny crops such as wheat ripen. As flowers withered away, communities held ceremonies making sacrifices to the "God of Flowers," showing their gratitude and eagerness to see flowers again the following year. This custom has died out, and can only be read about in ancient texts. Mangzhong is especially important for farmers, heralding a period of intense agricultural activity. A common saying from Guizhou illustrates this urgency: "If you don't plant rice in the grain in the ear, your planting will be in vain." This saying underscores the significance of timely sowing, as Mangzhong represents the peak time for seeding millet and serves as the deadline for various planting tasks.

Physical phenomena
During the Mangzhong period, areas around the middle stream and downstream of the Yangtze River enter the rainy season. Sensing the moisture, mantis appear, shrike start to sing, and mockingbirds cease chirping.

Traditions and customs
In China's southern Anhui province, people steam dumplings with new fresh wheat flour after seeding the paddy rice. They make the flour into different shapes such as cereals, animals, vegetables, and fruits, color them, and pray for villagers' safety.

According to traditional Chinese doctors, the best food to eat during the Mangzhong period is mulberry. Around two thousand years ago, the mulberry was considered 'royal food' and was sometimes called the "holy fruit". Silkworms eat mulberry as well.

title: Mangzhong


text:
Qingming (solar term)

Qīngmíng, Seimei, Cheongmyeong or Thanh minh, is the name of the 5th solar term of the traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar, which divides a year into 24 solar terms (t. 節氣/s. 节气). In space partitioning, Qingming begins when the sun reaches the celestial longitude of 15° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 30°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 15°, usually on April 5.

Compared to the space partitioning theory, in the time division theory Qingming falls around April 7 or approximately 106.5 days after winter equinox. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins around 4 or 5 April and ends around 20 April.

Pentads
Each solar term can be divided into 3 pentads (候). They are: first pentad (初候), second pentad (次候) and last pentad (末候). Pentads in Qingming include:

 * China
 * First pentad: 桐始華/桐始华, 'The paulownia begins to bloom'.
 * Second pentad: 田鼠化為鴽/田鼠化为鴽, 'Voles(you) transform into quails'.
 * Last pentad: 虹始見/虹始见, 'Rainbows begin to appear'.

 * Japan
 * First pentad: 玄鳥至 (tsubame itaru), 'The swallow flies back from the south'.
 * Second pentad: 鴻雁北 (kōgan kitae kaeru), 'The goose migrates to the north'.
 * Last pentad: 虹始見 (niji hajimete arawaru), 'Rainbows begin to appear in the sky after shower'.

title: Qingming (solar term)


text:
Guyu

The traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar divide a year into 24 solar terms. Gǔyǔ, Kokuu, Gogu, or Cốc vũ is the 6th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 30° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 45°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 30°. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins around April 20 and ends around May 5.

Traditionally, Guyu marks the beginning of warmer temperatures and the onset of the rainy season, making it an important period for farmers to ensure a satisfactory harvest for the rest of the year.

Pentads
Each solar term can be divided into 3 pentads (候). They are: first pentad (初候), second pentad (次候) and last pentad (末候). Pentads in Guyu include:

China

 * First pentad: 萍始生, 'Duckweed begins to sprout'.
 * Second pentad: 鳴鳩拂其羽, 'Cuckoo shakes off wings'.
 * Last pentad: 戴勝降于桑, 'Hoopoe perches in mulberry trees'.

Japan

 * First pentad: Ashi hajimete shōzu (葭始生), 'Reed begins to bud'.
 * Second pentad: Shimo yamite nae izuru (霜止出苗), 'Frost ends and rice seedlings to grow'.
 * Last pentad: Botan hanasaku (牡丹華), 'Peony blooms'.

title: Guyu


text:
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Xiaoman

The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Xiǎomǎn, Shōman, Soman, or Tiểu mãn is the 8th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 60° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 75°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 60°. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins around 21 May and ends around 5 June (6 June East Asia time).

title: Xiaoman


text:
User talk:NTBot~enwiki

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