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Chingiz Abdullayev

Chingiz Akif oğlu Abdullayev (Çingiz Abdullayev; born 7 April 1959 in Baku) is an Azerbaijani writer, Secretary of the Union of Azerbaijani Writers.

Early life
Originating from a family of intellectuals with roots in the Agdam region of Karabakh, Chingiz Abdullayev embarked on his educational journey at Baku School No. 189, concluding in 1976. Following this, Abdullayev engaged in advanced studies at the Law Faculty of Azerbaijan State University, culminating in his graduation in 1981. In the ensuing period, he secured a position at a production association located in Baku, ascending through the hierarchical structure to attain the roles of senior counselor and department head.

Throughout his illustrious career, Abdullayev partook in business expeditions spanning Asia, Africa, and Europe. Within his native city of Baku, he fulfilled various roles, including serving as the department head in the Executive Committee of the Azizbeyov district, as an instructor for the organizational department of the Karadag Committee of the Communist Party of the Azerbaijan SSR, and subsequently, as the head of the office of political education.

In the realm of academia, Abdullayev has made noteworthy contributions, defending a master’s thesis focused on aggression within international law, followed by a doctoral thesis in 1991, centered on crimes within the same legal sphere. Among his academic accolades, he has been honored with the title of honorary professor at the University of Krakow since 1989. Beyond his academic endeavors, Abdullayev has occupied several distinguished positions, such as the chairman of the H. Z. Taghiyev Charity Foundation since 1990, secretary of the Writers' Union of Azerbaijan, and vice-president of the Pen Club in Azerbaijan.

Demonstrating linguistic adeptness, Abdullayev is fluent in Azerbaijani and Russian and exhibits proficiency in English and Italian.

Early career
Abdullayev wrote his first novel in 1985. It was barred from publication because of the secrets it revealed, but by 1988 the Soviet censorship was relaxed, and his book was published.

Popularity
He is known mostly for his detective novels, which became extremely popular throughout the former Soviet Union and continue to attract readers not only in the CIS countries but also throughout the world.

Abdullayev has been published more than any other Azerbaijani writer. His books sold more than 20 million copies – mostly in the genre of detective novels and short stories in the Russian language.

He has authored more than 86 works, including novels and short stories, which have been published in 17 languages in 23 countries throughout the world. including the countries of the former Soviet Union, France, Israel, Sweden, Norway, Turkey and Bulgaria. His detective novels that are listed in The Golden Fund of World Detective Literature include: Blue Angels, The Law of Scoundrels, Better to Be Holy, The Shadow of Herod, and Three Colors of Blood.

Philanthropy
Chingiz Abdullayev refuses to earn any money from speeches or lectures in Azerbaijan, preferring instead to donate any money he could earn here to refugees who can't go home because of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In 2012, he has campaigned to stop male violence against women.

Honours and awards

 * Order of the Red Star
 * Order of the Red Banner of Labour
 * Order of the Red Banner
 * Medal "For Labour Valour"
 * Medal "For Courage"
 * Shohrat Order

Family
Married, has one son and daughter.

in Azerbaijani

 * Чинҝиз Абдуллајев. Мави мәләкләр: Роман. – Бакы: Јазычы, 1993. – 256 с. – 9 000 экз.
 * Чинҝиз Абдуллајев. Әҹлафларын гануну: Роман. – Бакы: Заман, 1997. – 304 с. – 500 экз.
 * Чинҝиз Абдуллајев. Мәһкумларын ҹәннәти: Повест. – Бакы, 1997.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Günəş altında zülmət: Roman // Журнал "Mütərcim". – Bakı, 1999–2000. – No. 2, 4; 1, 2. – ISSN 2073-9249.
 * Чинҝиз Абдуллајев. Ганын үч рәнҝи: Роман. – Бакы: Азәрбајҹан, 2001. – 352 с. – 3 000 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Allahın tərəfində: Roman. – Bakı: Çıraq, 2003. – 160 с. – 500 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Müqəddəs olmaq istəyi: Roman. — Bakı: Adiloğlu, 2004. — 278 с. — 1 000 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Bir ümman nifrət: Povest. — Bakı: Çıraq, 2004. — 144 с. — 500 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Alçağın üslubu: Roman. — Bakı: Çıraq, 2005. — 240 с. — 500 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Məhşər ayağında: Roman. — Bakı: Çıraq, 2005. — Т. I. — 200 с. — 500 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Məhşər ayağında: Roman. — Bakı: Çıraq, 2005. — Т. II. — 184 с. — 500 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Payız madriqalı: Roman. — Bakı: Yurd, 2005. — 152 с. — 200 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Monte-Mario təpəsində ölüm: Roman. — Bakı: Çıraq, 2005. — 160 с. — 500 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Mənim gözəl alibim: Roman. — Bakı: Nurlan, 2006. — 166 с. — 300 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Bağdadlı əlaqələndirici: Roman. — Bakı: Çıraq, 2006. — 216 с. — 500 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Unudulmuş röya: Roman. — Bakı: Çıraq, 2006. — 216 с. — 500 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Yalnız özümüzünkülər: Roman. — Bakı: Çıraq, 2007. — 206 с. — 500 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Pəri busəsi: Povest. — Bakı: Nağıl evi, 2007. — 72 с. — 500 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Qatil üçün Qran-pri: Roman. — Bakı: Kitab Klubu, 2007. — 304 с. — 300 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-8087-3-5
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Üçüncü variant: Roman. — Bakı: Nurlan, 2007. — 272 с. — 900 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Döyüşçünün yolu: Roman. — Bakı: Çıraq, 2007. — 304 с. — 500 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Gedib qayıtmamaq: Roman // Журнал "Mütərcim". — Bakı, 2007. — No. 1/2 (34–35); 1 (36). — ISSN 2073-9249.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Manyakın idrakı: Roman. — Bakı: UniPrint, 2008. — 200 с. — 200 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-440-31-7
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Gedər-gəlməz: Roman. — Bakı: Nurlan, 2008. — 359 с. — 500 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Quba kapriççiosu: Roman. — Bakı: Nurlar NPM, 2008. — 224 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-450-01-9
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Qisasın ölçüsü: Roman. — Bakı: Çıraq, 2008. — 320 с. — 500 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Payız madriqalı: Roman. — Bakı: Nurlar NPM, 2009. — 200 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-450-02-6
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Məhəbbət və nifrətin zirvəsi: Roman. — Bakı: Çıraq, 2009. — 240 с. — 500 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Etiraflar vadisi: Roman. — Bakı: Çıraq, 2009. — 280 с. — 500 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Xammurapi məcəlləsi: Roman. — Bakı: UniPrint, 2009. — 204 с. — 800 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-440-45-4
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Centlmen sövdələşməsi: Roman. — Bakı: Çıraq, 2009. — 352 с. — 500 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Manipulyator. Üç payız günü: Roman. — Bakı: UniPrint, 2009. — 180 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-440-46-1
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Göy mələklər: Roman. — Bakı: Çıraq, 2009. — 328 с. — 500 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Etiraflar vadisi: Roman. — Bakı: Mütərcim, 2010. — 48 с. — 1 000 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Saturnun tövbəsi: Roman. — Bakı: Nurlar, 2010. — 216 с. — 1 000 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Əfsanəyə çevrilmə haqqı: Roman. — Bakı: Xatun Plyus, 2010. — 172 с. — 1 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-210-44-6
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. İrodun kölgəsi: Roman. — Bakı: UniPrint, 2010. — 214 с. — The ISBN specified even on http://www.elibrary.az/ (978-9952-440-09-7) is bad, causing a checksum error.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Bir toy əhvalatı: Hekayə // Газета "Kaspi-Ədəbiyyat". – Bakı, 2010. – No. 29. – С. 15, 21.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Sonuncu divarın daşları: Roman. – Bakı: Nurlar, 2010. – 272 с. – 1 000 экз. – ISBN 978-9952-450-97-2
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Aşkar metamorfoza: Povest. — Bakı: UniPrint, 2010. — 118 с. — 300 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Meymun ili: Roman. — Bakı: UniPrint, 2011. — 180 с. — ISBN 978-9952-440-04-1
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Manipulyator. Plutokratlar: Roman. — Bakı: UniPrint, 2011. — ISBN 978-5-17-053270-4
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. İnsan ovu: Roman. — Bakı: "Zərdabi LTD", 2011. — 168 с. — 1 000 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Milad bayramında açılan atəş: Roman. — Bakı: "Zərdabi LTD", 2011. — 184 с. — 1 000 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Mavi mələklər: Roman. — Bakı: Qanun; Əli və Nino, 2011. — 344 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-26-175-2
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. İnsan ovu: Roman. — Bakı: Qanun; Əli və Nino, 2011. — 280 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-26-189-9
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. İngilis bulvarı: Roman. — Bakı: Qanun; Əli və Nino, 2011. — 208 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-26-204-9
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Ölümü özün seç: Roman. — Bakı: Qanun; Əli və Nino, 2011. — 288 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-26-215-5
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Bakı bulvarı: Roman. — Bakı: Qanun; Əli və Nino, 2011. — 248 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-26-216-2
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Abırlı adam: Roman. — Bakı: Qanun; Əli və Nino, 2011. — 280 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-26-239-1
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Tver bulvarı: Roman. — Bakı: Qanun; Əli və Nino, 2011. — 264 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-26-240-7
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Timsah xətti: Roman. Milyardın dəyəri: Povest. — Bakı: Qanun; Əli və Nino, 2012. — 312 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-26-248-3
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Məntiq qaydaları: Roman. — Bakı: Qanun; Əli və Nino, 2012. — 176 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-26-249-0
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Dərdimə şərik ol: Roman. — Bakı: Qanun; Əli və Nino, 2012. — 400 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-26-272-8
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Hammurapi qanunu: Roman. — Bakı: Qanun; Əli və Nino, 2012. — 296 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-26-274-2
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Andorra sevməli və ölməli yerdir: Povest. Peşəkarların qaydası: Roman. — Bakı: Qanun; Əli və Nino, 2012. — 272 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-26-275-9
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Xəzinadar: Roman. — Bakı: Qanun; Əli və Nino, 2012. — 264 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-26-307-7
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Prezident ovu: Roman. — Bakı: Qanun; Əli və Nino, 2012. — 264 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-26-308-4
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Yekun diaqnoz: Roman. — Bakı: Qanun; Əli və Nino, 2012. — 240 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 978-9952-26-330-5
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Mənim gözəl alibim: Roman. — Bakı: Qanun; Əli və Nino, 2012. — 184 с. — 2 000 экз.
 * Çingiz Abdullayev. Sutenyorun qəlbi: Roman. — Bakı: "Zərdabi LTD", 2012. — 168 с. — 1 000 экз.

in Russian

 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Голубые ангелы: Роман. — Баку: Язычы, 1988. — 256 с. — 30 000 экз. — ISBN 5-560-00131-7
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Почти невероятное убийство: Повесть. // Журнал "Литературный Азербайджан". — Баку, 1989. — No. 2, 3. — ISSN 0130-3643.
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Голубые ангелы: Роман. Почти невероятное убийство: Повесть. — Баку: Язычы, 1989. — 352 с. — 100 000 экз.
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Преступление в Монпелье: Повесть. — Баку: Гянджлик, 1989. — 31 с. — 105 000 экз. — ISBN 5-8020-0489-4
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Охота на человека: Роман. // Араз: Роман-газета. — Баку: Азернешр, 1990. — No. 1, 2.
 * Черный январь. Баку – 1990: Документы и материалы. / Ответственные за выпуск: Чингиз Абдуллаев, Ибрагим Шукюров . — Баку: Азернешр, 1990. — 288 с. — 50 000 экз. — ISBN 5-552-00716-6
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Заговор в начале эры: Роман. Часть первая // Журнал "Литературный Азербайджан". — Баку, 1990. — No. 4, 5, 6. — ISSN 0130-3643.
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Охота на человека: Роман. — Баку: Гянджлик, 1991. — 192 с. — 100 000 экз. — ISBN 5-8020-0678-1
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Голубые ангелы: Роман. Почти невероятное убийство: Повесть. Охота на человека: Роман. — Баку: Язычы, 1992. — 592 с. — 20 000 экз. — ISBN 5-560-00873-7
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Заговор в начале эры: Роман. Часть вторая. // Журнал "Литературный Азербайджан". — Баку, 1993. — No. 3–4, 5–6, 7–8. — ISSN 0130-3643.
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Игры профессионалов: Роман. В ожидании Апокалипсиса: Роман. — Краснодар: "Советская Кубань", 1994. — 352 с. — 100 000 экз. — ISBN 5-7221-0046-3
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Лучше быть святым: Роман. Охота на человека: Роман. Правило профессионалов: Роман. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1994. — 512 с. — 25 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-010-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Игры профессионалов: Роман. В ожидании Апокалипсиса: Роман. Выбери себе смерть: Роман. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1995. — 544 с. — 25 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-017-X
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Игры профессионалов: Роман. В ожидании Апокалипсиса: Роман. Правила логики профессионалов: Повесть. — Москва: Эксмо, 1995. — 480 с. — 60 000 экз. — ISBN 5-85585-177-X
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Уйти и не вернуться: Роман. Мое прекрасное алиби: Роман. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1995. — 480 с. — 100 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-024-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Заговор в начале эры: Роман. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1995. — 480 с. — 25 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-025-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Закон негодяев: Роман. Правила логики: Рассказы. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1995. — 448 с. — 75 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-034-X
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Кредо негодяев: Роман. Любить и умирать только в Андорре: Повесть. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1995. — 448 с. — 75 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-053-6
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Мрак под солнцем: Роман. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1995. — 416 с. — 100 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-038-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Совесть негодяев: Роман. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1995. — 416 с. — 100 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-059-5
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Пройти чистилище: Роман. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1996. — 416 с. — 100 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-002-1
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Зло в имени твоём, женщина: Роман. Сотвори себе мир: Роман. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1996. — 416 с. — 50 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-066-8
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Обретение ада: Роман. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1996. — 416 с. — 50 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-100-1
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Измена в имени твоём, женщина: Роман. Месть женщины: Повесть. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1996. — 384 с. — 40 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-099-4
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Тень Ирода: Роман. Рай обречённых: Повесть. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1996. — 416 с. — 40 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-108-7
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Симфония тьмы: Роман. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1996. — 409 с. — 40 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-110-9
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Три цвета крови: Роман. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1996. — 384 с. — 50 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-176-1
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Третий вариант: Роман. Океан ненависти: Роман. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1996. — 384 с. — 50 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-205-9
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Линия аллигатора: Роман. Плата Харону: Повесть. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1996. — 384 с. — 50 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-222-9
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. День Луны: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 1996. — 416 с. — 40 000 экз. — ISBN 5-85585-721-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Круг негодяев: Трилогия. // Закон негодяев; Кредо негодяев; Совесть негодяев: Романы. — Ростов-на-Дону – Харьков: Проф-Пресс; ЕвроЭкспресс, 1996. — 640 с. — 200 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-062-5
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Всегда вчерашнее завтра: Роман. Сколько стоит миллиард: Повесть. — Ростов-на-Дону: Проф-Пресс, 1997. — 448 с. — 40 000 экз. — ISBN 5-88475-253-9
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Альтернатива для грешников: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 1997. — 400 с. — 40 000 экз. — ISBN 5-251-00122-3
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Стандарт возмездия: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 1997. — 400 с. — 40 000 экз. — ISBN 5-251-00295-5
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Зеркало вампиров: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 1997. — 464 с. — 50 000 экз. — ISBN 5-251-00464-8
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Альтернатива для дураков: Роман. Альтернатива для грешников: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 1997. — 416 с. — 60 000 экз. — ISBN 5-251-00495-8
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. И возьми мою боль: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 1997. — 416 с. — 50 000 экз. — ISBN 5-251-00673-X
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Сила инерции: Повесть. Стандарт возмездия: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 1997. — 448 с. — 60 000 экз. — ISBN 5-04-000101-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. «Гран-при» для убийцы: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 1998. — 432 с. — 60 000 экз. — ISBN 5-04-000371-4
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Символы распада: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 1998. — 464 с. — 60 000 экз. — ISBN 5-04-000460-5
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Пепел надежды: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 1998. — 464 с. — 60 000 экз. — ISBN 5-04-001036-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. И возьми мою боль: Роман. Поцелуй Феи: Повесть. — Москва: Эксмо, 1998. — 432 с. — 60 000 экз. — ISBN 5-04-001192-X
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Стиль подлеца: Роман. Рассудок маньяка: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 1998. — 544 с. — 40 000 экз. — ISBN 5-04-001554-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Срок приговорённых: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 1998. — 512 с. — 50 000 экз. — ISBN 5-04-001682-4
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Символы распада: Роман. Осуждение истины: Повесть. — Москва: Эксмо, 1998. — 448 с. — 30 000 экз. — ISBN 5-04-001719-7
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Бремя идолов: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 1998. — 400 с. — 50 000 экз. — ISBN 5-04-001949-1
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. День гнева: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 1999. — 512 с. — 50 000 экз. — ISBN 5-04-002330-8
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Тоннель призраков: Повесть. Срок приговорённых: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 1999. — 464 с. — 40 000 экз. — ISBN 5-04-002474-6
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Идеальная мишень: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 1999. — 496 с. — 40 100 экз. — ISBN 5-04-002948-9
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Фактор страха: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 1999. — 400 с. — 40 000 экз. — ISBN 5-04-003027-4
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Мудрость палача: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 1999. — 432 с. — 25 000 экз. — ISBN 5-237-03927-8
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Последний синклит: Роман. На стороне Бога: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2000. — 400 с. — 100 000 экз. — ISBN 5-237-04790-4
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Дамы сохраняют неподвижность: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2000. — 448 с. — 40 000 экз. — ISBN 5-04-004960-9
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Упразднённый ритуал: Роман. Душа сутенёра: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2000. — 384 с. — 30 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-002739-7
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Рандеву с Валтасаром: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2000. — 384 с. — 20 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-003998-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Смерть на холме Монте-Марио: Роман. Самое надёжное: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2000. — 320 с. — 15 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-005713-X
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Путь воина: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2001. — 384 с. — 40 100 экз. — ISBN 5-04-007413-1
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Камни последней стены: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2001. — 320 с. — 15 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-005047-X
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Очевидная метаморфоза, или Один день из жизни Дениса Ивановича: Повесть. // Газета "Наш Век". — Баку, 2001. — No. 18–32.
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Письмо другу: Рассказ. — Литературное расписание Европы: Сборник (По итогам международной акции «Литературный экспресс «Европа – 2000»). — Москва: Радуга, 2001. — С. 11–19. — 928 с. — 2 000 экз. — ISBN 5-05-005226-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Опрокинутая реальность: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2001. — 384 с. — 35 000 экз. — ISBN 5-04-008169-3
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Исповедь Сатурна: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2001. — С. 320. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-006608-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Один раз в миллениум: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2001. — 316 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-012175-X
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Допустимая погрешность: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2001. — 283 с. — 25 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-012289-6
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Флирт в Севилье: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2002. — 283 с. — 20 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-012959-9
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Резонёр: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2002. — 320 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-013242-5
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Английский бульвар: Роман. // Журнал "Литературный Азербайджан". — Баку, 2002. — No. 2, 3. — ISSN 0130-3643.
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Традиции самураев: Роман. Взгляд Горгоны: Повесть. — Москва: Эксмо, 2002. — 416 с. — 12 000 экз. — ISBN 5-04-010221-6
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Окончательный диагноз: Роман. Смерть над Атлантикой: Рассказ. — Москва: АСТ, 2002. — 315 с. — 20 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-014216-1
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Крах лицедея: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2002. — 300 с. — 20 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-015113-6
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Осенний мадригал: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2002. — 300 с. — 20 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-015426-7
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Когда умирают слоны: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2002. — 320 с. — 15 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-016835-7
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Волшебный дар: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2003. — 320 с. — 20 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-019387-4
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Манипулятор: В 2 томах. — Москва: АСТ, 2003. — Т. 1. Три осенних дня: Роман. — 320 с. — 20 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-020035-8
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Манипулятор: В 2 томах. — Москва: АСТ, 2003. — Т. 2. Плутократы: Роман. — 320 с. — 20 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-020437-X
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Его апатия: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2003. — 320 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-021017-5
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Закат в Лиссабоне: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2003. — 320 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-020694-1
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Трибунал для Валенсии: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2003. — 304 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-022683-7
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Право на легенду: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2004. — 320 с. — 25 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-027201-4
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Ангел боли. Путешествие по Апеннинам: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2004. — 288 с. — 15 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-027689-3
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Ангел боли. Три четверти его души: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2004. — 288 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-028737-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Связной из Багдада: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2005. — 320 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-029264-3
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Свод Хаммурапи: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2005. — 320 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-029907-9
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Забытый сон: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2005. — 288 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-030443-9
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Только свои: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2005. — 288 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-031220-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. История одной свадьбы: Рассказ. — История одной свадьбы: Антология прозы. — Баку: Нурлан, 2005. — 140 с. — 100 экз.
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Покушение на власть. Субъект власти: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2005. — 320 с. — 5 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-032238-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Покушение на власть. Атрибут власти: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2005. — 304 с. — 4 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-033552-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Покушение на власть. Объект власти: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2005. — 320 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 5-17-036036-3
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Наследник олигарха: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2006. — 320 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 5-699-14863-9
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Цена бесчестья: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2006. — 320 с. — 14 100 экз. — ISBN 5-699-15315-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Джентльменское соглашение: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2006. — 320 с. — 17 000 экз. — ISBN 5-699-17946-1
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Время нашего страха: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2006. — 320 с. — 22 100 экз. — ISBN 5-699-18837-1
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Хранители холода: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2006. — 320 с. — 20 000 экз. — ISBN 5-699-19488-6
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Западный зной: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2006. — 288 с. — 22 100 экз.
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Тверской бульвар: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2006. — 320 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-17-042564-8
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Казанова 2000: Рассказ. — Besame Mucho, или Карабахские пленники: Антология прозы и поэзии. — Баку: Нурлан, 2007. — 152 с. — 200 экз.
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Завещание олигарха: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2007. — 288 с. — 22 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-20447-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Мистерия эпохи заката: Роман. — Москва: АСТ, 2007. — 320 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-17-043594-4
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Власть маски: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2007. — 320 с. — 25 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-21463-1
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Кубинское каприччио: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2007. — 320 с. — 18 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-22371-8
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Тождественность любви и ненависти: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2007. — 320 с. — 20 100 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-23080-8
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Восточный ветер: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2007. — 320 с. — 18 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-23792-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Шпионы, не вернувшиеся с холода: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2007. — 320 с. — 18 100 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-24336-5
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Этюд для Фрейда: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2007. — 288 с. — 20 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-24888-9
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. В поисках бафоса: Роман. // Газета "Биржа Плюс". — Баку, 2007–2008.
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Долина откровений: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2008. — 256 с. — 18 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-25778-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Покушение на власть: Трилогия. // Субъект власти; Атрибут власти; Объект власти: Романы. — Москва: АСТ, 2008. — 544 с. — 5 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-17-051262-1
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Отрицание Оккама: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2008. — 320 с. — 18 100 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-26001-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Ошибка олигарха: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2008. — 288 с. — 18 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-28036-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Возвращение олигарха: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2008. — 320 с. — 18 100 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-27332-4
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Взращение грехов: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2008. — 320 с. — 18 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-28949-3
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Выстрел на Рождество: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2008. — 320 с. — 14 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-30954-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Год Обезьяны: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2008. — 320 с. — 14 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-31555-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Апология здравого смысла: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2008. — 320 с. — 13 100 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-32210-7
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Разорванная связь: Роман. // Журнал "Литературный Азербайджан". — Баку, 2008–2009. — No. 11, 12; 1. — ISSN 0130-3643.
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Одноразовое использование: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2009. — 320 с. — 14 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-33221-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Традиции демонов: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2009. — 320 с. — 13 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-33659-3
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Мечта дилетантов: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2009. — 320 с. — 13 100 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-34340-9
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Фестиваль для южного города: Роман. // Журнал "Литературный Азербайджан". — Баку, 2009. — No. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. — ISSN 0130-3643.
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Факир на все времена: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2009. — 320 с. — 11 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-34772-8
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Казначей: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2009. — 288 с. — 11 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-35405-4
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Хорошие парни не всегда бывают первыми: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2009. — 320 с. — 11 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-36113-7
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Отравитель: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2009. — 320 с. — 11 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-36864-8
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Фестиваль для южного города: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2009. — 320 с. — 11 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-37304-8
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Среда обитания: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2009. — 320 с. — 12 100 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-37845-6
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Второе рождение Венеры: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2009. — 320 с. — 11 100 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-38513-3
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Полное каре: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2009. — 320 с. — 11 100 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-39159-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Обозначенное присутствие: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2010. — 320 с. — 12 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-39779-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Приличный человек: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2010. — 320 с. — 12 100 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-40295-3
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Параллельное существование: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2010. — 320 с. — 12 100 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-40784-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Агент из Кандагара: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2010. — 320 с. — 11 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-41111-5
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Тайна венской ночи: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2010. — 352 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-42638-6
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Город заблудших душ: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2010. — 384 с. — 11 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-43140-3
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Дом одиноких сердец: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2010. — 320 с. — 11 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-43516-6
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Берлинский транзит: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2010. — 352 с. — 11 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-44288-1
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Алтарь победы: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2010. — 320 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-45072-5
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Смерть под аплодисменты: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2010. — 320 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-45481-5
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Затянувшееся послесловие: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2010. — 320 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-46127-1
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Удар бумеранга: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2011. — 272 с. — 9 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-46945-1
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Синдром жертвы: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2011. — 352 с. — 10 100 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-47214-7
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Адаптация совести: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2011. — 320 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-47902-3
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Бакинский бульвар: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2011. — 320 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-48376-1
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Клан новых амазонок: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2011. — 352 с. — 9 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-49145-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Поездка в Трансильванию: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2011. — 352 с. — 10 100 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-49785-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Распад. Обреченная весна: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2011. — 320 с. — 8 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-50482-4
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Распад. Лето двух президентов: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2011. — 352 с. — 9 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-50977-5
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. На грани фола: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2011. — 352 с. — 9 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-51610-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Распад. Разорванный август: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2011. — 352 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-52450-1
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Распад. Похороны империи: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2011. — 352 с. — 10 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-52994-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Балканский синдром: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2011. — 320 с. — 8 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-53757-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Повествование неудачника: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2012. — 352 с. — 8 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-54282-6
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. История безнравственности: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2012. — 352 с. — 8 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-54725-8
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Распад. После заката: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2012. — 320 с. — 8 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-55258-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Прайс-лист для издателя: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2012. — 320 с. — 9 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-55872-8
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Рождение Люцифера: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2012. — 320 с. — 6 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-56581-8
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Смерть дипломата: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2012. — 352 с. — 8 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-56997-7
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Забава королей: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2012. — 352 с. — 6 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-57650-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Твой смертный грех: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2012. — 288 с. — 7 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-58171-9
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Равновесие страха: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2012. — 288 с. — 5 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-58736-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Семейные тайны: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2012. — 320 с. — 6 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-59908-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Искусство выживания: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2012. — 320 с. — 6 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-60323-7
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Пьедестал для аутсайдера: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2012. — 320 с. — 6 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-61239-0
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Адепты стужи. // Хранители холода; Западный зной; Восточный ветер; Шпионы, не вернувшиеся с холода: Романы. — Баку: Qanun, 2013. — 840 с. — ISBN 978-9952-26-386-2
 * Чингиз Абдуллаев. Под знаком полумесяца: Роман. — Москва: Эксмо, 2013. — 320 с. — 6 000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-63199-5

title: Chingiz Abdullayev


text:
Talk:Rhinoplasty (EP)

Untitled
Rhinoplasty is the eighth album:

''preceding unsigned comment by JAStewart
 * 1) Suck On This
 * 2) Frizzle Fry
 * 3) Sailing The Seas Of Cheese
 * 4) Miscellanious Debris
 * 5) Pork Soda
 * 6) Tales From The Punchbowl
 * 7) The Brown Album
 * 8) Rhinoplasty
 * 9) Antipop
 * 10) Animals Should Not Try To Act Like People
 * Actually, Rhinoplasty is considered an EP. Slicing 17:03, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

Rhinoplasty is 49 minutes, therefore NOT an EP by definition (official definition is "under 40 minutes" although most people expect EPs to be under 30 minutes). It is, however, unquestionably a side album. Also "Animals Should Not Try To Act Like People" IS an ep, although it's not available separately, only as part of a CD/DVD set. To be fair, Rhinoplasty is not the longest side album to be mislabeled an EP. Orbital has a 65 minute "EP" called Diversions (it's a US release with parts of 2 previously released UK eps). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.68.154.229 (talk) 22:39, 18 November 2013 (UTC)

Rhinoplasty Videocassette
Hey guys, I have a Rhinoplasty VHS videotape, but I don't see a reference for it anywhere on Wikipedia, am I not looking in the right place or something? It's a live show, sprinkled with other stuff. Hanz ofbyotch (talk) 20:58, 12 February 2010 (UTC)

The Rhinoplasty videocassette is called Videoplasty. You probably figured that out in the nearly 4 years between your post and mine, but I figure it's good to get the answer out there on the same page as the question just so the next person to read it isn't left wondering. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.68.154.229 (talk) 22:58, 18 November 2013 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Rhinoplasty (EP)


text:
Emotional contagion

Emotional contagion is a form of social contagion that involves the spontaneous spread of emotions and related behaviors. Such emotional convergence can happen from one person to another, or in a larger group. Emotions can be shared across individuals in many ways, both implicitly or explicitly. For instance, conscious reasoning, analysis, and imagination have all been found to contribute to the phenomenon. The behaviour has been found in humans, other primates, dogs, and chickens.

Emotional contagion is important to personal relationships because it fosters emotional synchrony between individuals. A broader definition of the phenomenon suggested by Schoenewolf is "a process in which a person or group influences the emotions or behavior of another person or group through the conscious or unconscious induction of emotion states and behavioral attitudes." One view developed by Elaine Hatfield, et al., is that this can be done through automatic mimicry and synchronization of one's expressions, vocalizations, postures, and movements with those of another person. When people unconsciously mirror their companions' expressions of emotion, they come to feel reflections of those companions' emotions.

In a 1993 paper, Psychologists Elaine Hatfield, John Cacioppo, and Richard Rapson define emotional contagion as "the tendency to automatically mimic and synchronize expressions, vocalizations, postures, and movements with those of another person's [sic] and, consequently, to converge emotionally".

Hatfield, et al., theorize emotional contagion as a two-step process: First, we imitate people (e.g., if someone smiles at you, you smile back). Second, our own emotional experiences change based on the non-verbal signals of emotion that we give off. For example, smiling makes one feel happier, and frowning makes one feel worse. Mimicry seems to be one foundation of emotional movement between people.

Emotional contagion and empathy share similar characteristics, with the exception of the ability to differentiate between personal and pre-personal experiences, a process known as individuation. In The Art of Loving (1956), social psychologist Erich Fromm explores these differences, suggesting that autonomy is necessary for empathy, which is not found in emotional contagion.

Etymology
James Baldwin addressed "emotional contagion" in his 1897 work Social and Ethical Interpretations in Mental Development, though using the term "contagion of feeling". Various 20th century scholars discussed the phenomena under the heading "social contagion". The term "emotional contagion" first appeared in Arthur S. Reber's 1985 The Penguin Dictionary of Psychology.

Influencing factors
Several factors determine the rate and extent of emotional convergence in a group, including membership stability, mood-regulation norms, task interdependence, and social interdependence. Besides these event-structure properties, there are personal properties of the group's members, such as openness to receive and transmit feelings, demographic characteristics, and dispositional affect that influence the intensity of emotional contagion.

Research
Research on emotional contagion has been conducted from a variety of perspectives, including organizational, social, familial, developmental, and neurological. While early research suggested that conscious reasoning, analysis, and imagination accounted for emotional contagion, some forms of more primitive emotional contagion are far more subtle, automatic, and universal.

Hatfield, Cacioppo, and Rapson's 1993 research into emotional contagion reported that people's conscious assessments of others' feelings were heavily influenced by what others said. People's own emotions, however, were more influenced by others' nonverbal clues as to what they were really feeling. Recognizing emotions and acknowledging their origin can be one way to avoid emotional contagion. Transference of emotions has been studied in a variety of situations and settings, with social and physiological causes being two of the largest areas of research.

In addition to the social contexts discussed above, emotional contagion has been studied within organizations. Schrock, Leaf, and Rohr (2008) say organizations, like societies, have emotion cultures that consist of languages, rituals, and meaning systems, including rules about the feelings workers should, and should not, feel and display. They state that emotion culture is quite similar to "emotion climate", otherwise known as morale, organizational morale, and corporate morale. Furthermore, Worline, Wrzesniewski, and Rafaeli (2002) mention that organizations have an overall "emotional capability", while McColl-Kennedy, and Smith (2006) examine "emotional contagion" in customer interactions. These terms arguably all attempt to describe a similar phenomenon; each term differs in subtle and somewhat indistinguishable ways.

Controversy
A controversial experiment demonstrating emotional contagion by using the social media platform Facebook was carried out in 2014 on 689,000 users by filtering positive or negative emotional content from their news feeds. The experiment sparked uproar among people who felt the study violated personal privacy. The 2014 publication of a research paper resulting from this experiment, "Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks", a collaboration between Facebook and Cornell University, is described by Tony D. Sampson, Stephen Maddison, and Darren Ellis (2018) as a "disquieting disclosure that corporate social media and Cornell academics were so readily engaged with unethical experiments of this kind." Tony D. Sampson et al. criticize the notion that "academic researchers can be insulated from ethical guidelines on the protection for human research subjects because they are working with a social media business that has 'no obligation to conform' to the principle of 'obtaining informed consent and allowing participants to opt out'." A subsequent study confirmed the presence of emotional contagion on Twitter without manipulating users' timelines.

Beyond the ethical concerns, some scholars criticized the methods and reporting of the Facebook findings. John Grohol, writing for Psych Central, argued that despite its title and claims of "emotional contagion," this study did not look at emotions at all. Instead, its authors used an application (called "Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count" or LIWC 2007) that simply counted positive and negative words in order to infer users' sentiments. A shortcoming of the LIWC tool is that it does not understand negations. Hence, the tweet "I am not happy" would be scored as positive: "Since the LIWC 2007 ignores these subtle realities of informal human communication, so do the researchers." Grohol concluded that given these subtleties, the effect size of the findings are little more than a "statistical blip."

"Kramer et al. (2014) found a 0.07%—that's not 7 percent, that's 1/15th of one percent!!—decrease in negative words in people's status updates when the number of negative posts on their Facebook news feed decreased. Do you know how many words you'd have to read or write before you've written one less negative word due to this effect? Probably thousands."

Types
Emotions can be shared and mimicked in many ways. Taken broadly, emotional contagion can be either: implicit, undertaken by the receiver through automatic or self-evaluating processes; or explicit, undertaken by the transmitter through a purposeful manipulation of emotional states, to achieve a desired result.

Implicit
Unlike, emotional contagion is less conscious and more automatic. It relies mainly on non-verbal communication, although emotional contagion can and does occur via telecommunication. For example, people interacting through e-mails and chats are affected by the other's emotions, without being able to perceive the non-verbal cues.

One view, proposed by Hatfield and colleagues, describes emotional contagion as a primitive, automatic, and unconscious behavior that takes place through a series of steps. When a receiver is interacting with a sender, he perceives the emotional expressions of the sender. The receiver automatically mimics those emotional expressions. Through the process of afferent feedback, these new expressions are translated into feeling the emotions the sender feels, thus leading to emotional convergence.

Another view, emanating from social comparison theories, sees emotional contagion as demanding more cognitive effort and being more conscious. According to this view, people engage in social comparison to see if their emotional reaction is congruent with the persons around them. The recipient uses the emotion as a type of social information to understand how he or she should be feeling. People respond differently to positive and negative stimuli; negative events tend to elicit stronger and quicker emotional, behavioral, and cognitive responses than neutral or positive events. So unpleasant emotions are more likely to lead to mood contagion than are pleasant emotions. Another variable is the energy level at which the emotion is displayed. Higher energy draws more attention to it, so the same emotional valence (pleasant or unpleasant) expressed with high energy is likely to lead to more contagion than if expressed with low energy.

Explicit
Aside from the automatic infection of feelings described above, there are also times when others' emotions are being manipulated by a person or a group in order to achieve something. This can be a result of intentional affective influence by a leader or team member. Suppose this person wants to convince the others of something, he may do so by sweeping them up in his enthusiasm. In such a case, his positive emotions are an act with the purpose of "contaminating" the others' feelings. A different kind of intentional mood contagion would be, for instance, giving the group a reward or treat, in order to alleviate their feelings.

The discipline of organizational psychology researches aspects of emotional labor. This includes the need to manage emotions so that they are consistent with organizational or occupational display rules, regardless of whether they are discrepant with internal feelings. In regard to emotional contagion, in work settings that require a certain display of emotions, one finds oneself obligated to display, and consequently feel, these emotions. If superficial acting develops into deep acting, emotional contagion is the byproduct of intentional affective impression management.

Intra-group
Many organizations and workplaces encourage teamwork. Studies conducted by organizational psychologists highlight the benefits of work teams. Emotions come into play and a group emotion is formed.

The group's emotional state influences factors such as cohesiveness, morale, rapport, and the team's performance. For this reason, organizations need to take into account the factors that shape the emotional state of the work-teams, in order to harness the beneficial sides and avoid the detrimental sides of the group's emotion. Managers and team leaders should be cautious with their behavior, since their emotional influence is greater than that of a "regular" team member: leaders are more emotionally "contagious" than others.

Employee/customer
The interaction between service employees and customers affects both customers' assessments of service quality and their relationship with the service provider. Positive affective displays in service interactions are positively associated with important customer outcomes, such as intention to return and to recommend the store to a friend. It is the interest of organizations that their customers be happy, since a happy customer is a satisfied one. Research has shown that the emotional state of the customer is directly influenced by the emotions displayed by the employee/service provider via emotional contagion. But this influence depends on authenticity of the employee's emotional display, such that if the employee is only surface-acting, the contagion is poor, in which case the beneficial effects will not occur.

Neurological basis
Vittorio Gallese posits that mirror neurons are responsible for intentional attunement in relation to others. Gallese and colleagues at the University of Parma found a class of neurons in the premotor cortex that discharge either when macaque monkeys execute goal-related hand movements or when they watch others doing the same action. One class of these neurons fires with action execution and observation, and with sound production of the same action. Research in humans shows an activation of the premotor cortex and parietal area of the brain for action perception and execution.

Gallese says humans understand emotions through a simulated shared body state. The observers' neural activation enables a direct experiential understanding. "Unmediated resonance" is a similar theory by Goldman and Sripada (2004). Empathy can be a product of the functional mechanism in our brain that creates embodied simulation. The other we see or hear becomes the "other self" in our minds. Other researchers have shown that observing someone else's emotions recruits brain regions involved in (a) experiencing similar emotions and (b) producing similar facial expressions. This combination indicates that the observer activates (a) a representation of the emotional feeling of the other individual which leads to emotional contagion and (b) a motor representation of the observed facial expression that could lead to facial mimicry. In the brain, understanding and sharing other individuals' emotions would thus be a combination of emotional contagion and facial mimicry. Importantly, more empathic individuals experience more brain activation in emotional regions while witnessing the emotions of other individuals.

Amygdala
The amygdala is one part of the brain that underlies empathy and allows for emotional attunement and creates the pathway for emotional contagion. The basal areas including the brain stem, re-creating in one person the physiological state of the other. Psychologist Howard Friedman thinks this is why some people can move and inspire others. The use of facial expressions, voices, gestures and body movements transmit emotions to an audience from a speaker.

title: Emotional contagion


text:
Longleat Safari and Adventure Park

Longleat Safari and Adventure Park in Wiltshire, England, was opened in 1966 as the world's first drive-through safari park outside Africa.

History
The park is in the grounds of Longleat House, a stately home which is open to the public and is the home of the 8th Marquess of Bath. Longleat Safari Park and the concept of safari parks were the brainchild of Jimmy Chipperfield (1912–1990), former co-director of Chipperfield's Circus.

Longleat house and grounds

Opened to the public in 1949, the house is the ancestral home of the Marquess of Bath.

East African Reserve
The East African Reserve, which contains Rothschild giraffes, Grant's zebras, ostriches, black wildebeest, Brazilian tapir, African spurred tortoise, ring-tailed lemurs, African pygmy goats, Somali sheep, Cameroon sheep and, since 2022, a male capybara and a separate enclosure for a male common warthog. The whole reserve extends to 60 acre.

Jungle Cruise
The Jungle Cruise (known as the Safari Boat until 2011) is a short trip around Half Mile Lake. The journey takes visitors past the island, which was a former home to the elderly male western lowland gorilla Nico, the oldest gorilla in Europe, until his death aged 56 on 7 January 2018. The island is now home to black-and-white colobus monkeys.

Monkey Temple
Opened in 2012, the centrepiece of this attraction is a large themed ruin with long rope walkways running across the paths, which allows visitors to safely interact with a variety of marmosets and tamarins.

Giant otters and crocodiles
Branching off from Monkey Temple, this attraction opened in 2019. Previously the enclosure was home to a colony of captive-bred Humboldt penguins which were first displayed in 2013, but there were several outbreaks of avian malaria in September 2016 and December 2018.

Animal Adventure
Containing many animals previously kept in Pets' Corner, this area which contains many exotic and familiar mammals, birds, reptiles and insects opened in 2009.

Koala Creek
Opened in 2019, Koala Creek is the newest addition to the park with koalas from Adelaide, South Australia. Longleat Safari Park is the only place in England where you can see the creatures and the only place in Europe that houses southern koalas. In 2022, Longleat welcomed the birth of a southern koala joey. It is the first of its kind to be born in Europe.

Longleat Railway
Established in 1965 and expanded in 1976, this gauge ridable miniature railway is among the busiest in the country. It has a length of 1+1/4 mile through scenic woodland and along the edge of Half Mile Lake. The line has taken several different courses across the years, but the route along the lake has remained consistent. After opening the railway was originally run by outside company Minirail on a ten-year contract, which was not renewed due to disagreements between the two companies. Following this, Longleat took over running the railway in 1976. Many engines have run on the railway over the years, both steam and diesel; as of 2018 the railway owns three diesel locomotives. The railway also has 15 carriages, all built at Longleat between 1976 and 2013 and wearing mock British Railways crimson and cream livery, along with several permanent way wagons. Between 2011 and 2017 the railway was known as the Jungle Express, with the station and carriages given additional theming.

In the media

 * The Lions of Longleat – 1967 BBC One documentary about the newly opened safari park with commentary by Lord Bath and Jimmy Chipperfield.
 * Lion Country – 55-part documentary series broadcast on BBC One in 1998.
 * Animal Park – BBC documentary series, broadcast almost every year since 2000.

title: Longleat Safari and Adventure Park


text:
Cation-exchange capacity

Cation-exchange capacity (CEC) is a measure of how many cations can be retained on soil particle surfaces. Negative charges on the surfaces of soil particles bind positively-charged atoms or molecules (cations), but allow these to exchange with other positively charged particles in the surrounding soil water. This is one of the ways that solid materials in soil alter the chemistry of the soil. CEC affects many aspects of soil chemistry, and is used as a measure of soil fertility, as it indicates the capacity of the soil to retain several nutrients (e.g. K+, NH4+, Ca2+) in plant-available form. It also indicates the capacity to retain pollutant cations (e.g. Pb2+).

Definition and principles
Cation-exchange capacity is defined as the amount of positive charge that can be exchanged per mass of soil, usually measured in cmolc/kg. Some texts use the older, equivalent units me/100g or meq/100g. CEC is measured in moles of electric charge, so a cation-exchange capacity of 10 cmolc/kg could hold 10 cmol of Na+ cations (with 1 unit of charge per cation) per kilogram of soil, but only 5 cmol Ca2+ (2 units of charge per cation). Cation-exchange capacity arises from various negative charges on soil particle surfaces, especially those of clay minerals and soil organic matter. Phyllosilicate clays consist of layered sheets of aluminium and silicon oxides. The replacement of aluminium or silicon atoms by other elements with lower charge (e.g. Al3+ replaced by Mg2+) can give the clay structure a net negative charge. This charge does not involve deprotonation and is therefore pH-independent, and called permanent charge. In addition, the edges of these sheets expose many acidic hydroxyl groups that are deprotonated to leave negative charges at the pH levels in many soils. Organic matter also makes a very significant contribution to cation exchange, due to its large number of charged functional groups. CEC is typically higher near the soil surface, where organic matter content is highest, and declines with depth. The CEC of organic matter is highly pH-dependent.

Cations are adsorbed to soil surfaces by the electrostatic interaction between their positive charge and the negative charge of the surface, but they retain a shell of water molecules and do not form direct chemical bonds with the surface. Exchangeable cations thus form part of the diffuse layer above the charged surface. The binding is relatively weak, and a cation can easily be displaced from the surface by other cations from the surrounding solution.

Soil pH
The amount of negative charge from deprotonation of clay hydroxy groups or organic matter depends on the pH of the surrounding solution. Increasing the pH (i.e. decreasing the concentration of H+ cations) increases this variable charge, and therefore also increases the cation-exchange capacity.

Measurement
Cation-exchange capacity is measured by displacing all the bound cations with a concentrated solution of another cation, and then measuring either the displaced cations or the amount of added cation that is retained. Barium (Ba2+) and ammonium (NH4+) are frequently used as exchanger cations, although many other methods are available. CEC measurements depend on pH, and therefore are often made with a buffer solution at a particular pH value. If this pH differs from the natural pH of the soil, the measurement will not reflect the true CEC under normal conditions. Such CEC measurements are called "potential CEC". Alternatively, measurement at the native soil pH is termed "effective CEC", which more closely reflects the real value, but can make direct comparison between soils more difficult.

Typical values
The cation-exchange capacity of a soil is determined by its constituent materials, which can vary greatly in their individual CEC values. CEC is therefore dependent on parent materials from which the soil developed, and the conditions under which it developed. These factors are also important for determining soil pH, which has a major influence on CEC.

Base saturation
Base saturation expresses the percentage of potential CEC occupied by the cations Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ or Na+. These are traditionally termed "base cations" because they are non-acidic, although they are not bases in the usual chemical sense. Base saturation provides an index of soil weathering and reflects the availability of exchangeable cationic nutrients to plants.

Anion-exchange capacity
Positive charges of soil minerals can retain anions by the same principle as cation exchange. The surfaces of kaolinite, allophane and iron and aluminium oxides often carry positive charges. In most soils the cation-exchange capacity is much greater than the anion-exchange capacity, but the opposite can occur in highly weathered soils, such as ferralsols (oxisols).

General References
Ramos, F.T.; Dores E.F.G.C.; Weber O.L.S.; Beber D.C.; Campelo Jr J.H.; Maia J.C.S. (2018) "Soil organic matter doubles the cation exchange capacity of tropical soil under no-till farming in Brazil". J Sci Food Agric. 10.1002/jsfa.8881

title: Cation-exchange capacity


text:
User:Spiffmeister3000

SPIFFMEISTER3000, or more colloquially, SPIFFMEISTER is comprised of two main elements, SPIFFY and MEISTER.

SPIFFY adj. spiff·i·er, spiff·i·est 1. Smart in appearance or dress; stylish.

or, in computer jargon:

2. Said sarcastically of a program that is perceived to have little more than a flashy interface going for it. Which meaning should be drawn depends delicately on tone of voice and context.

Now, take it in the context of instead of appearance or dress, but in personality. A warm friendly (sometimes overexuberant) personality.

MEISTER noun

1. German for the English word "Master"

Utilized in conjunction with other nouns to imply mastery of that subject:

ex. HAUSMEISTER - literal translation, House-master; idiomatic translation, Janitor

The title was instituted in the year 1997, when young John T. Carter (at the time, still John Andreoli), while in his German class stumbled across the word HAUSMEISTER, and was fascinated. At this era in the hooligan's life, the word SPIFFY was a word that he used to the extent that he currently uses the word UBER.

At about the same time, he had acquired internet access at his house for the first time EVER, and was pondering a screenname to develop for e-mail, instant messaging, etc. Still excited over the usage of the suffix MEISTER, he decided to refer to himself as the Master of Spiff (similar to a Master of Ceremonies, except not), or, more colloquially referred to, the SPIFFMEISTER. It was incomplete, though. He felt that another suffix was necessary.

Conveniently, at that time, he had just been introduced to the incredible television show Mystery Science Theatre 3000, and had just watched a documentary on it, where they developed the name. It was originally going to be Mystery Science Theatre 2000 until the creator, Joel Hodgeson, suggested that it should be one better than that, instead a 3000 suffix. Inspired by this, the birth of the more familiar title, SPIFFMEISTER3000 took place.

Since then, John T. Carter has used the SPIFFMEISTER3000 as his "handle" for almost every single electronic website possible. At one time enthused with changing his title to a faux-l33t title of the TEKNOKRAT, John has since given up seriously changing his title and forsaking his highly celebrated standing as the current Master of Spiff.

title: User:Spiffmeister3000


text:
Staple Inn

Staple Inn is a part-Tudor building on the south side of High Holborn street in the City of London, London, England. Located near Chancery Lane tube station, it is used as the London venue for meetings of the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries, and is the last surviving Inn of Chancery. It was designated a Grade I listed building in 1974.

History
It was originally attached to Gray's Inn, which is one of the four Inns of Court. The Inns of Chancery fell into decay in the 19th century. All of them were dissolved, and most were demolished. Staple Inn is the only one which survives largely intact. It was an extra-parochial area until 1858 and then a civil parish. It became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Holborn in 1900 and was abolished in 1930.

On 1 April 1994, boundary changes meant that the Inn was transferred from the London Borough of Camden to the City of London (and the City ward of Farringdon Without).

It was the model for the fictitious Inn of Court "Bacon's Inn" in Arthur Moore's 1904 novel Archers of the Long Bow. The ancient switch-tailed double pump referred to was replaced in 1937 by a mock single pump, to mark the site.

Wool staple
Staple Inn dates from 1585. The building was once the wool staple, where wool was weighed and taxed. It survived the Great Fire of London, was extensively damaged by a Nazi German Luftwaffe aerial bomb in 1944 but was subsequently restored. It has a distinctive timber-framed façade, cruck roof and an internal courtyard.

The historic interiors include a great hall, used by the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries. The ground-floor street frontage is let to shops and restaurants, required to use plainer signage than they do on less sensitive buildings. For a time, the building appeared on the packaging of Old Holborn tobacco.

title: Staple Inn


text:
Misunderstood (Robbie Williams song)

"Misunderstood" is a song by British pop singer Robbie Williams. Williams co-wrote and co-produced the song with Stephen Duffy from English band Duran Duran, who also plays the acoustic guitars, bass, and harmonica on the track. The song was released as the second single from Williams' hits compilation Greatest Hits in December 2004, peaking at number eight on the UK Singles Chart and reaching the top 10 in Denmark, Italy, and the Netherlands. The song was featured on the Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason soundtrack.

Music video
The music video incorporates some of the plot of Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason into it, including some clips of the movie. Robbie Williams is interrogated by Thai officials. At the end of the video when the main interrogator says that if Williams keeps acting up, he might be there a long time. Williams asks, "How long is a long time?". The interrogator answers, "Oh, about a millennium", to which Williams answers by turning to the camera and singing his song "Millennium". Williams stated that the song was written because of his love of Edward Scissorhands, in which the protagonist of the film was misunderstood.

Track listings
UK CD1 and European CD single
 * 1) "Misunderstood"
 * 2) "Do Me Now" (demo)

UK CD2 and Australian CD single
 * 1) "Misunderstood"
 * 2) "Please Please"
 * 3) "(I Feel It But) I Can't Explain"
 * 4) Gallery and video clip

UK DVD single
 * 1) "Misunderstood" (video—stereo and 5.1 surround sound)
 * 2) "Chemical Devotion" (audio)
 * 3) "The Postcard" (audio)
 * 4) Gallery and video clip

Credits and personnel
Credits are taken from the Greatest Hits album booklet.

Studio
 * Mastered at Metropolis Mastering (London, England)

Personnel

 * Robbie Williams – writing, lead vocals, production
 * Stephen Duffy – writing, acoustic guitars, bass, harmonica, production
 * Claire Worrall – backing vocals, piano, string arrangement
 * Gary Nuttall – electric guitar
 * Melvin Duffy – pedal steel guitar
 * Chris Sharrock – drums
 * Gavyn Wright – string leader
 * Dave Bishop – brass
 * Neil Sidwell – brass
 * Steve Sidwell – brass
 * Andy Strange – production
 * Bob Clearmountain – mixing
 * Tony Cousins – mastering

title: Misunderstood (Robbie Williams song)


text: User talk:84.77.3.165

title: User talk:84.77.3.165


text:
Talk:Cation-exchange capacity

Draft rewrite
A draft for a rewritten article is open for comment: User:Kyle MoJo/CEC draft Any input would be welcome! Kyle MoJo (talk) 15:50, 25 June 2017 (UTC)

The rewritten article has now been put up as the mainspace article Kyle MoJo (talk) 06:33, 6 July 2017 (UTC)

Rewrite proposal
I'm working up to a significant rewrite of this article, which seems justified. Here is a draft structure. Any objections, comments or suggestions?

 * Lead
 * Definition and principles
 * definitions and units of measurement
 * surface charges and colloids
 * clay minerals
 * organic matter
 * pH and CEC
 * Measurement
 * measurement approaches
 * potential CEC vs effective CEC
 * Typical values (merging of existing sections Various colloids and soils' CEC and Standard values)
 * Base saturation
 * Applications
 * Anion exchange capacity

The existing section Aluminium ions and CEC would be deleted - it is completely without citations.

Also, in agreement with, relevance is not limited to agriculture. I propose moving the farming portal to the bottom of the page.

Kyle MoJo (talk) 19:56, 10 March 2017 (UTC)

2016
Plus, measurement of cation exchange capacity is not limited to agronomy and soil science. It is used in oil and gas and possibly other fields where clay or clay minerals are important. This page should reflect that agronomy is an important user, but not the only one.

Unfortunately I'm not knowledgeable enough to rewrite the page. More on the oil industry use of this is at http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms/c/cation-exchange_capacity.aspx Jlhollin (talk) 22:35, 10 February 2016 (UTC)

2009
This page is poorly written and badly needs updating by an expert. CEC is a fundamental aspect of soil science and should be regarded as higher than "low" priority. As evidence of its poor writing, I consider the following:

"In soil science, cation exchange capacity (CEC) is the capacity of a soil for ion exchange of Cations between the soil and the soil solution. CEC is used as a measure of fertility, nutrient retention capacity, and the capacity to protect groundwater from cation contamination. Cations can also be easier to understand by just adding the group number."

The italics show a sentence which does not make sense in the context of the preceding sentences and no information about which "group number" is given. This sentence should be moved and clarified or omitted.

Also...

"The quantity of positively charged ions (cations) that a clay mineral or similar material can accommodate on its negatively charged surface is expressed as milli-ion equivalent per 100 g, or more commonly as milliequivalent (meq) per 100 g. Clays are luminosity in which some of the aluminium and silicon ions have been replaced by elements with different valence, or charge."

The bolded text makes no sense whatever. Also the whole section on Clay soils should be under a subheading since clay is only one type of soil and CEC is used for all types of soils.

"For example, aluminium (Al3+) may be replaced by iron (Fe2+) or magnesium (Mg2+), leading to a net negative charge. This charge attracts cations when the clay is immersed in an electrolyte such as salty water and causes an electrical double layer. The cation-exchange capacity is often expressed in terms of its contribution per unit pore volume, Qv."

There is no organization to these comments. It's as if they have been picked at random from a textbook. A better description if necessary.

Unfortunately, I cannot be of much more help as to what the pages should be changed to. I discovered this poorly written page when I was attempting to look up CEC for my own education.

Timothykinney 05:56, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

Hi. Would the addition of the word base make this sentence more precise? "Thus, a site with high base cation exchange capacity takes longer time to acidify (as well as to recover from an acidified status) than a site with a low cation exchange capacity (assuming similar base saturations)."

Seems that way to me but I hesitate to edit the article as I'm a student of soil science and not a teacher. Many thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.69.13.6 (talk) 20:43, 26 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please be more specific about what needs to be changed. fahadsadah (talk,contribs) 12:31, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

Introduction to Environmental Chemistry by Stanley Manahan contains a full description. This is the core text for 'Introduction to Environmental Pollution', a course at the University of Sussex. It is a well respected text, and the third edition is recent and authoritative. I will leave the actual edits to a more experienced contributor than myself. I hope this helps improve the article!

139.184.30.132 (talk) 12:24, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

2005
I saw that a previous entry had been deleted, but no explanation why. So I try and see if I have better luck ;o) . Saittam 11:30 Oct 6 2005 (CET)

External links modified
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মৃত্তিকার বিভিন্ন খনিজের CEC 103.146.56.7 (talk) 10:54, 1 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cation-exchange capacity


text:
Talk:Be Careful What You Wish For...

Untitled
Please stop using opinions on this album for the article.

3RR
Please make sure neither party is breaching WP:3RR when editting this article. Doing so will result in a temporary block. The two parties have se far reverted it twice each. Can you disuss changes here before editting that particular phrase? Thank you. --Cel e stianpower hablamé 17:57, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Be Careful What You Wish For...


text:
Shooting at the 1960 Summer Olympics

Shooting at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome comprised six events, all for men only. They were held between 3 and 10 September 1960.

Participating nations
A total of 313 shooters from 59 nations competed at the Rome Games:

title: Shooting at the 1960 Summer Olympics


text:
Radio (Robbie Williams song)

"Radio" is a song by British pop singer Robbie Williams, co-written by Williams and Stephen Duffy. It was the first single from Williams' compilation album Greatest Hits, released in 2004. Williams wrote the song's distinctive synth-pop melody by attempting to play Harold Faltermeyer's "Axel F" on an electronic keyboard from memory. "Radio" is Williams's first solo outing without the involvement of long-time producer and co-writer Guy Chambers, and is particularly notable as Williams's last UK number-one for eight years, until 2012's "Candy".

Chart performance
"Radio" became Robbie Williams' sixth number-one single on the UK Singles Chart, selling 41,734 copies during its first week. The song was Williams's last UK number-one for eight years until "Candy" took the top spot in November 2012. "Radio" also topped the Danish Singles Chart and reached the top 10 across Europe, peaking at number one on the Eurochart Hot 100. In Australia, the single charted at number 12, and after seven weeks on the charts, the single was certified gold.

Track listings
UK CD1 and European CD single
 * 1) "Radio"
 * 2) "Radio" (Maloney mix)

UK CD2
 * 1) "Radio"
 * 2) "Northern Town"
 * 3) "Radio" (Sam La More Jumpin' Radio mix)
 * 4) Gallery and video clips

UK DVD single
 * 1) "Radio" (video)
 * 2) "1974" (audio)
 * 3) "Radio" (Massey mix audio)
 * 4) Gallery and video clips

Australian CD single
 * 1) "Radio"
 * 2) "Northern Town"
 * 3) "Radio" (Sam La More Jumpin' Radio mix)

Credits and personnel
Credits are taken from the Greatest Hits album booklet.

Studio
 * Mastered at Metropolis Mastering (London, England)

Personnel

 * Robbie Williams – writing, lead vocals, synthesiser
 * Stephen Duffy – writing, guitars, synthesiser, drums production
 * Gavyn Wright – string leader
 * Claire Worrall – string arrangement
 * Nick Littlemore – additional programming
 * Andy Strange – production
 * Bob Clearmountain – mixing
 * Tony Cousins – mastering

title: Radio (Robbie Williams song)


text:
User:Lavareef

Introduction
Hi there! This page is a bit sparse at the moment, but I intend to flesh it out a bit once I get the chance.

title: User:Lavareef


text:
School District of Clayton

School District of Clayton includes all of Clayton, portions of Richmond Heights, and a portion of unincorporated St. Louis County, Missouri, US. The district is located immediately to the west of the City of St. Louis. Some areas have St. Louis postal addresses, though they are not in the city limits. As of 2017 the school district had 2,681 students, 278 staff, and 6 schools. There was an 11:1 student-teacher ratio.

The district was ranked fourth best in the United States by Niche in 2018. The District, Clayton High School, Wydown Middle School, and Captain Elementary School also were ranked first in Missouri in their respective “best schools” rankings. Glenridge Elementary took the second spot in the Missouri ranking, followed closely by Meramec Elementary at number four. The District also was ranked first in the State of Missouri, and 16th in the country in the ranking of the best places to teach.

High school

 * Clayton High School — grades 9-12. Clayton High School is highly rated academically. It was ranked by Newsweek as the 230th-best public high school in the nation in 2004, which was the 2nd highest in the state of Missouri. In 2011 it was ranked as the 89th best public high school in the nation and was 1st in the state of Missouri., Clayton High School is rated number 2 best public school in Missouri by Niche. As of 2007, approximately 97% of all Clayton High Schoolers graduate High School, and go on to college. The school won the 2004 Missouri Class 4 state championship in football.  The high school's mascot is the Greyhound, and its colors are orange and blue.

Middle school

 * Wydown Middle School supports students in grades 6-8. The school was erected in 1942. It has since been demolished and replaced with a LEED certified, state of the art building, still holding grades 6-8. At this point, Wydown was being used as a junior high school. This school has a reputation for its intramural programs and its mathematics. It has been ranked top ten in Missouri for "excellence in mathematics for schools with over 500 students" since 1999.

Elementary schools

 * Ralph M. Captain Elementary School — grades K-5
 * Glenridge Elementary School — grades K-5
 * Meramec Elementary School — grades K-5

Early childhood education and parenting

 * The Family Center — pre-K

title: School District of Clayton


text:
Leighton Park School

Leighton Park School is a co-educational private school for both day and boarding pupils in Reading in South East England. The school's ethos is closely tied to the Quaker values, having been founded as a Quaker School in 1890. The school's ethos is described as achievement with values, character and community. It is one of seven Quaker schools in England.

Overview
The school is based in a 65 acre parkland estate just south of Reading town centre, next to the University of Reading's Whiteknights Park campus. The school has been a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference since 1932. It offers both the International Baccalaureate and A Levels at Sixth Form.

Matthew Judd has been the headmaster since September 2018.

At A level in 2019, pupils' progress score was Well Above Average with students gaining 0.6 of a grade on average across their subjects. No data were published by the Department for Education for the school at GCSE level.

The School was inspected by the Independent Schools Inspectorate in November 2021 and was found to be excellent for both the quality of pupils’ personal development and the quality of their academic progress.

There are 27 music teachers covering a range of instruments. The school offers dance with a new studio built in 2020 and a GCSE and A Levels qualifications available. The school's music and media centre opened in 2019. It offers a BTec in Digital Media Production at both level 2 and level 3 and works with nearby Pinewood Studios.

Old School and attached laboratories at Leighton Park are Grade II listed buildings. Grove House was designed by Victorian architect Alfred Waterhouse, who also designed the Natural History Museum in London.

History
Leighton Park was opened in 1890 by members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), as a public school for boys. It was founded after Grove House School, also a Quaker school, closed in 1877. Grove House School had educated notable personalities such as Lord Lister, Alfred Waterhouse and Thomas Hodgkin.

Leighton Park grew from four boys in 1890 to 103 in the 1920s. The junior school became the independent Crosfields School, making Leighton Park solely a senior school. By 1970 the school had 300 pupils, and in 1975 girls were admitted to the sixth form. In 1993 the school became fully coeducational. Today the school is home to around 520 pupils drawn from over 44 different countries.

In 2015, the school celebrated its 125-year anniversary.

In March 2016, the school was granted planning permission to develop the main hall and music department into the Music and Media Centre (MMC) which will enhance the facilities for teaching Music and Media at the school. The building officially opened in March 2019. The school is currently redeveloping the historic Grove House to be a new Sixth Form Study Centre and School Library - due to open in early 2024.

Press
Leighton Park appeared on the BBC One Show in 2020, featuring the school's production of PPE for health workers during the Covid-19 pandemic Leighton Park was featured on the BBC Politics Show, which was hosted at the site in December 2010.

In April 2005, Quaker-based Sunday Worship was broadcast live from Leighton Park on BBC Radio 4. Heard by an estimated 1.75 million listeners, the sequence of readings, music, ministry and silence "reflected the essence of Quaker values to the wider world."

In November 2011 thieves stole Maverick the Harris hawk from a teacher's aviary. Maverick was used "to build a more adventurous curriculum for pupils" and helped students learn physics. Pupils were left distraught after the theft as a core team of pupils had been trained to handle him.

Former pupils
Notable old pupils include:

 * Sir John Adye, former director of the GCHQ
 * Crispin Aubrey, civil rights campaigner
 * Sir Tony Baldry, former MP
 * Julian Bell, poet and Bloomsbury member
 * Quentin Bell, Bloomsbury member, artist and writer
 * Eliza Bennett, actress
 * Sir Richard Rodney Bennett, composer and jazz pianist
 * Michael Binyon, journalist
 * Sir John Birch, former ambassador
 * Derek Brewer, Secretary and Chief Executive of Marylebone Cricket Club
 * Jim Broadbent, Oscar winning actor
 * Basil Bunting, poet
 * Egbert Cadbury, businessman in chocolate firms Fry's and Cadbury's and decorated First World War pilot
 * Kristian Callaghan, British pistol shooter, winner of Bronze Medal 2014 Commonwealth Games
 * Professor Edward Chaney, cultural historian
 * Lance Clark (retail; founder of Soul of Africa), ex-CEO of Clark's Shoes
 * Nathan Crowley, Oscar-nominated art director in the film industry
 * Baron Davies of Stamford, former MP, minister and life peer
 * Leonard Doncaster, geneticist
 * Christopher Dorling, co-founder of Dorling Kindersley
 * Phil Dunster, actor, Olivier Award nominee 2016
 * Jason Durr, actor "Casualty"
 * Owen Edwards, pioneer of Welsh TV broadcasting
 * Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon, former ambassador
 * Michael Foot, former Labour Party leader
 * Robert Gillmor, artist and ornithologist
 * Martin Griffiths, an Under-Secretary-General at the United Nations
 * Hugh Haughton, Professor at York University
 * Tim Ingold, anthropologist and Professor at Aberdeen University
 * Sir David Lean, Oscar award-winning film director
 * Po Shun Leong, artist
 * Peter Litten, film director
 * Tom Lowenstein, poet
 * Professor Grigor McClelland, businessman, first director of the Manchester Business School and social activist
 * David McFarland, former Professor of Animal Behaviour, Oxford University
 * Laura Marling, award-winning singer songwriter
 * Tom Maschler, publisher and writer; former Chairman of Cape, co-founder of The Booker Prize; founder of The Book Bus
 * Peter May, cricketer, Captain of England, and later Chairman of the England cricket selectors
 * Jagat Singh Mehta, Foreign Secretary India, 1970s
 * John Mitchell, musician and music producer
 * Nicholas Moore, poet and son of GE Moore, Cambridge Philosopher
 * Sir Oscar Morland, diplomat and ambassador
 * Prof. Peter Nienow, Edinburgh University, awarded Polar Medal 2017, recognition for his pioneering glaciological work in the Arctic.
 * Nathaniel Parker, award-winning actor
 * Patrick Parrinder, Professor of English, Reading University
 * Lionel Penrose, psychiatrist, medical geneticist, paediatrician, mathematician and chess theorist, Galton professor of eugenics at University College London
 * Sir Roland Penrose, artist, historian and poet
 * Henry Priestman, singer/songwriter (The Christians)
 * John Prizeman, architect and author on Modern design
 * Prof. Dan Reinstein, eye surgeon
 * Karel Reisz, award-winning film director
 * Prof. Julian Stallabrass, art historian, photographer and lecturer, Courtauld
 * Ian Stillman, missionary
 * Richard Vernon, actor
 * Richard G. Wilkinson, social epidemiologist, author and advocate
 * Timothy Williamson, Wykeham Professor of Logic, Oxford University
 * Stuart Zender, musician
 * Shyam Bhatia, writer, journalist

title: Leighton Park School


text:
Talk:Chhaupadi

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 19 January 2021 and 21 May 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Aschmi31.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 17:21, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Article improvement
— Preceding unsigned comment added by OsirisX11 (talk • contribs) 09:36, October 6, 2005
 * I'd like to see some definitive laws referenced here.
 * I'm sure the external links section isn't quite right. Sorry, new.
 * The paragraphs still need to basically be rewritten.

Cows
I removed the reference to cows being in the shed as neither external link mentions this and it seems to contradict the food restrictions. --JBellis (talk) 22:05, 3 December 2008 (UTC)

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Removing the translation suggestion box at the top
I think this article is not nearly as sparse as when the notice was posted. If no objections, I'll remove in a week. — Preceding unsigned comment added by HereAndSometimesThere (talk • contribs) 18:17, 26 January 2019 (UTC)
 * I've removed the box now. HereAndSometimesThere (talk) 17:27, 3 February 2019 (UTC)

Added a new section (but should it be combined with another section?)
Hi there, I added a section about community action against the practice, as there are community and organizational initiatives working towards ending the practice of chhaupadi (I currently know of SRHR initiatives, social mindset change initiatives, the handing out of sustainable menstrual products, etc, being implemented via the NGO sector in addition to government action). However, this section might be better off if combined into the "Legislation" chapter - which could be expanded and redefined a bit. Essentially, the actions and challenges about the stigma and how it is being addressed should be incorporated into the article in addition to legal issues (there have been many initiatives happening in-country for years).

Any opinions on this? HereAndSometimesThere (talk) 10:00, 4 February 2019 (UTC)

Making this article more comprehensive and updated
We are looking to make some edits to this important article and add some updated information to make it more comprehensive. If you have any feedback or suggestions please let us know. Any feedback or thoughts to improve the article would be appreciated! Thanks — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lnjd2022 (talk • contribs) 03:11, 8 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chhaupadi


text:
Rainbow Greens (Italy)

Rainbow Greens (Verdi Arcobaleno) was a green political party in Italy.

It was founded in May 1989 by splinters of Proletarian Democracy (Mario Capanna, Virginio Bettini, Gianni Tamino, Edo Ronchi and Paolo Gentiloni) and some leading Radicals (Adelaide Aglietta, Adele Faccio, Francesco Rutelli, Franco Corleone and Marco Boato).

It took part in the 1989 European elections, under the denomination 'Rainbow Greens for Europe' (Verdi Arcobaleno per l'Europa), receiving 2.4% of the vote and electing 2 MEPs, who sat in the Green Group.

In December 1990 it merged with the Federation of Green Lists (Gianni Mattioli, Lino De Benetti, Gianfranco Amendola, Alexander Langer, Enrico Falqui, Sauro Turroni and Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio) to form the Federation of the Greens.

title: Rainbow Greens (Italy)


text:
Mitchell, Queensland

Mitchell is a rural town and locality in the Maranoa Region, Queensland, Australia. The town services the local area, a cattle and sheep farming district. In the, the locality of Mitchell had a population of 995 people.

Geography
Mitchell is on the Warrego Highway, 587 km west of Brisbane, 441 km west of Toowoomba, 230 km west of Miles, 89 km west of Roma and 180 km east of Charleville. The Warrego Highway passes through town to form the main street, Cambridge Street. The Maranoa River flows around the northern and eastern sides of the town before eventually flowing into the Balonne River.

The Western railway passes through the locality, entering from the east (Amby / Walhallow) and exiting to the west (Womalilla). The locality is served by a number of railway stations, from west to east:

Mitchell Airstrip is west of the town (-26.4878°N, 147.943°W). Its IATA airport code is MTQ and its ICAO airport code is YMIT. It is operated by the Maranoa Regional Council and is suitable for light aircraft.
 * Mitchell railway station, a passenger stop in the town (-26.4872°N, 147.9687°W)
 * Booringa railway siding, now dismantled (-26.4872°N, 148.0002°W)
 * Marbango railway station, now abandoned (-26.4888°N, 148.0618°W)

History
Before the arrival of Europeans, the Maranoa region was occupied by the Mandandanji and Gunggari Aboriginal peoples. Based on archaeological excavations in the Mount Moffatt area, it has been deduced that the Aboriginals had lived there for around 19,500 years. Descendants of the original peoples still live in and visit the area today.

Mandandanji (also known as Mandandanyi, Mandandanjdji, Kogai) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Mandandanji people. The Mandandanji language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Maranoa Regional Council, particularly Roma, Yuleba and Surat, then east towards Chinchilla and south-west towards Mitchell and St George.

The town is named after Sir Thomas Mitchell explorer and Surveyor General of New South Wales, who explored the area in 1846.

In 1862, Edmund Morey established the property of Mitchell Downs. When the original homestead was partially destroyed by a flood in 1864, Thomas Close acquired the building's ruins and established the Mitchell Downs Hotel.

On 1 January 1865, Mitchell Downs Post Office opened and around 1878 was renamed Mitchell Post Office.

Mitchell State School opened on 1 April 1876 as a primary school. In 1961, it was expanded to include a secondary school.

The first St Columba's Catholic Church was officially opened and blessed by Bishop Robert Dunne on Saturday 15 November 1884. On Sunday 24 April 1938, the new St Columba's Catholic Church was officially opened and blessed by Monsignor McKenna of Toowoomba. It was designed by J.P. Donoghue. The timber church was built by contractor F.T. Woollam at a cost of £3000. It can seat 350 people.

The foundation block for the first All Saints' Anglican Church in Mitchell was laid by Coadjutor Bishop Nathaniel Dawes on Wednesday 13 November 1889. The church was officially opened on Tuesday 5 August 1890 by Bishop William Webber. It was designed by architect John H. Buckeridge. It was 45x25 ft and could seat 150 people. It was built from cypress pine by Roma contractors, Allen Clell & Sons, at a cost of £274. The current All Saints' Anglican Church was built in 1965. It was designed by Ford Hutton, Newell, Black, and Paulson. This brick church can seat 110 people.

A Wesleyan Methodist Church was opened in Mitchell in April 1894. It could seat 80 people. It was built from timber at a cost of £200. Following the amalgamations of various denominations, it later became Mitchell Methodist Church and then Mitchell Uniting Church. It was at 82 Mary Street (-26.48808°N, 147.9782°W). It has closed and been converted into a house.

In 1902, after a short stand-off, bushrangers Patrick and James Kenniff were captured south of Mitchell at a location previously known as Back Creek but now known as Arrest Creek. Patrick was hanged in 1903 for the murder of Constable George Doyle (who had previously served at Wyandra) and Albert Dahlke, while James was released after 12 years imprisonment and died peacefully in 1940.

Long Gully Provisional School opened on 1915 on the road from Mitchell to St George; it closed in 1918.

St Patrick's Catholic Primary School opened on 4 November 1923.

Mitchell Aboriginal Provisional School opened on 1 May 1935 and was later proclaimed Mitchell Aboriginal State School. It closed on 19 November 1948.

At the 2006 census, Mitchell had a population of 944.

Mitchell was once the administrative centre of the Shire of Booringa local government area. Since 2008, the town is now part of the Maranoa Region.

In the March 2010 floods, the Maranoa River reached a peak of 13.4 m in the town causing an inundation of 25 houses. The town experienced the worst flooding ever in 2012 when a monsoon trough hovered over central and southern Queensland and nearly inundated Charleville, 180 km to the west.

Demographics
In the, the locality of Mitchell had a population of 1,311 people.

In the, the locality of Mitchell had a population of 1,031 people.

In the, the locality of Mitchell had a population of 995 people.

Heritage listings
Mitchell has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 * Mitchell War Memorial, Cambridge Street (-26.4892°N, 147.9718°W)
 * Mitchell State School (1914 Building), 105 Cambridge Street
 * Mitchell railway station: Oxford Street (passenger station), Alice Street (goods shed used by Watco Australia and Aurizon) and Sheffield Street (station master's)

Amenities

Mitchell is home to the Booringa Heritage Museum housed in the old Booringa Shire Council workshop building.

The Maranoa Regional Council operates a public library and the Maranoa Art Gallery at the old Maranoa Theatre building in Cambridge Street. From here it provides public WiFi by way of a high speed ISDN Internet Connection (powered through the National Broadband Network) to Brisbane.

St Columba's Catholic Church is at 86 Alice Street (-26.48289°N, 147.9733°W).

All Saints' Anglican Church is at 118 Alice Street (-26.48561°N, 147.9745°W).

The Mitchell branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association has its rooms at 87 Cambridge Street.

Education
Mitchell State School is a government primary and secondary (Prep–10) school for boys and girls at 105 Cambridge Street (-26.4885°N, 147.9715°W). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 132 students with 16 teachers (13 full-time equivalent) and 15 non-teaching staff (10 full-time equivalent). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 137 students with 15 teachers (13 full-time equivalent) and 14 non-teaching staff (10 full-time equivalent). Students come from Mitchell, Mungallala, Amby and surrounding properties. Students in Years 11 and 12 are taken by bus to Roma State College in Roma.

St Patrick's Primary School is a Catholic primary (Prep–6) school for boys and girls at 100 Alice Street (-26.4841°N, 147.9737°W). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 37 students with 2 teachers and 6 non-teaching staff. In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 32 students with 4 teachers (3 full-time equivalent) and 5 non-teaching staff (3 full-time equivalent).

A major language revival effort has been under way in Queensland schools since St Patrick's School started teaching the Gunggari language around 2013. Since then, Mitchell State School has also started teaching Gunggari.

Facilities
Facilities in Mitchell include:

 * Mitchell Police Station (-26.4883°N, 147.9777°W)
 * Mitchell Fire Station (-26.4862°N, 147.9774°W)
 * Mitchell SES Facility (-26.489°N, 147.9789°W)
 * Mitchell Multipurpose Health Service, a public hospital (-26.4901°N, 147.9722°W)
 * Mitchell Ambulance Station (-26.4875°N, 147.9754°W)
 * Mitchell Monumental Cemetery (-26.4759°N, 147.9709°W)
 * Mitchell Water Treatment Plant (-26.4917°N, 147.9844°W)

The water supply for the town comes from three bores. The depth of the bores is about 1,000 metres. The water is pumped into a large concrete water tower on the western side of the town. The water is hot when it emerges from the ground, and in the tank it is about 50 °C. Houses close to the tank, have free hot water. In fact it is necessary to cool the water before it can be used.

Media
Mitchell is serviced by the following radio stations based in other locations, broadcast via local transmitters:

 * Radio 4ZR (Resonate Radio Network) – 104.5 FM
 * ABC Local Radio – 106.1 FM
 * ABC Radio National – 107.7 FM
 * Vision FM – 88.0 FM

Television services are provided by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, with channels ABC, ABC Kids/ABC TV Plus, ABC ME and ABC NEWS, transmitting to Mitchell through its relay station, ABMLQ, situated at 26°32′35″S 148°6′41″E (Mitchell Escarpment).

The Seven Network and its sister stations 7two and 7mate transmit to Mitchell through its regional affiliate, ITQ.

Network Ten and its sister channels 10 Bold and 10 Peach transmit to Mitchell through its regional affiliate, CDT.

The Nine Network and its sister channels 9Gem and 9GO! transmit to Mitchell through its regional affiliate, IMP.

The Special Broadcasting Service and its sister channels SBS Viceland, SBS World Movies, SBS Food and NITV also transmit to Mitchell.

Climate
Mitchell has a humid subtropical climate with hot summers and cold winters by Queensland standards. On 15 August 1979 Mitchell recorded a minimum temperature of -9.4 °C, which is the third coldest temperature ever recorded in the state. Mitchell has the largest overall temperature range recorded in Australia (56.2 °C, -9.4 °C to 46.8 °C). The town gets an average of 157.5 clear days annually.

Attractions
The Great Artesian Spa was opened in 1998 and is situated in the town's aquatic centre. There are two pools of artesian water, one heated and the other designed for those who prefer a cooler experience. Both spa pools have been designed with disabled access in mind and facilities include a chairlift to allow easy access for physically disabled people. The water used in the spa pools is renewed regularly and comes from the Great Artesian Basin, which is one of the largest artesian basins in the world, which underlies around one-fifth of Australia. It covers a total area of more than 1,711,000 square kilometres, and has been relied upon for the town water supply since 1927.

Other attractions include: There is a Visitor Information Centre located at the Great Artesian Spa complex, next door to the Mitchell Memorial Swimming Pool.
 * Mitchell Yumba Interpretive Trail
 * Neil Turner Weir
 * The Kenniff Courthouse
 * Kenniff Brothers Sculpture at Arrest Creek
 * Major Mitchell's Campsite, 38 kilometres north of Mitchell
 * Musical Cattle Grid, on the banks of the Maranoa River

Notable people

 * The 15th Prime Minister of Australia, Francis Forde was born in Mitchell. He is Australia's shortest serving Prime Minister, with a term lasting just eight days. He was also Australia's longest living Prime Minister, until Gough Whitlam took that mantle.
 * Joanne Currie Nalingu, artist

title: Mitchell, Queensland


text:
Category:United States senators from Colorado

Members, past and present, who represented the state of Colorado in the United States Senate.