text:
Talk:Azam Khan (singer)

Notability
I believe the article now has enough references to assert notability of the subject. So, I'm removing the notability request tag. Thanks. --Ragib 06:13, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Azam Khan (singer)


text:
Alsasua – Altsasu

Alsasua (in Spanish, Altsasu in Basque; official name: Altsasu/Alsasua) is a town located in the autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain. Its population in 2017 was 7,419. The Battle of Alsasua took place here in 1834. 30 years later the town turned into a railway hub, transforming its demography, economy, and cultural landscape. In 2016, a fight erupting in a bar escalated into an Audiencia Nacional judicial case that stirred the town.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Alsasua – Altsasu


text:
Fluent (disambiguation)

Fluent is an adjective related to fluency, the ability to communicate in a language quickly and accurately.

Fluent or fluency may also refer to:
 * Fluent (mathematics), in mathematics, a continuous function
 * Fluent (artificial intelligence), in artificial intelligence, a condition that varies over time
 * Fluent, Inc., a company that develops software for computational fluid dynamics
 * Fluent interface, a software engineering object-oriented construct
 * Fluent (user interface), introduced in the 2007 Microsoft Office system
 * Fluent Design System, a design language developed by Microsoft in 2017
 * Fluentd, open source data collection software
 * Fluency (handwriting), an aspect of handwriting ability

title: Fluent (disambiguation)


text:
Dying of the Light (Martin novel)

Dying of the Light is a science fiction novel by American writer George R. R. Martin, published in 1977 by Simon & Schuster. Martin's original title was After the Festival; its title was changed before its first hardcover publication. The novel was nominated for both the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1978, and the British Fantasy Award in 1979.

Martin's first novel, Dying of the Light is set in the same fictional "Thousand Worlds" universe as several of his other works, including Sandkings, Nightflyers, A Song for Lya, "The Way of Cross and Dragon" and the stories collected in Tuf Voyaging. The novel's title is drawn from Dylan Thomas' 1947 poem "Do not go gentle into that good night".

Plot
The novel takes place on the planet of Worlorn, a world which is dying. It is a rogue planet whose erratic course is taking it irreversibly away from its neighboring stars into a region of cold and dark space where no life will survive. Worlorn's 14 cities, built during a brief window when the world passed close enough to a red giant star to permit life to thrive, are dying, too. Constructed to celebrate the diverse cultures of 14 planetary systems, they have largely been abandoned, allowing their systems and maintenance to fail.

The cast is a group of characters who are also flirting with death. Dirk t'Larien, the protagonist, finds life empty and of little attraction after his girlfriend Gwen Delvano leaves him. Most poignant of all, the Kavalar race, into which she has "married", is dying culturally. Their home planet has survived numerous attacks in a planetary war, and in response they have evolved social institutions and human relationship patterns to cope with the depredation of the war. Yet now that the war is long past, they find themselves trapped between those who would recognize that the old ways need to be reviewed for the current day and those who believe that any dilution of the old ways spells the end of Kavalar culture.

The battles, then, of all these varying actors are played out beneath the dying light falling on Worlorn. By the novel's end, many of the characters have died, though some endings are deliberately left ambiguous. Nonetheless, they have all faced their fears of death and of life.

Publication
Dying of the Light was first serialized in abridged form under the title After the Festival in the April through July 1977 issues of Analog Science Fiction and Fact. The title refers to the festival of 14 worlds that precedes the story.

In popular culture
It mentions a race of beings called the githyanki. This name was taken from the novel for use with a much different race in the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons game.

title: Dying of the Light (Martin novel)


text:
Talk:Institutes of the Christian Religion

Eucharistic doctrine
The article summarizes the book correctly, but doesn't provide insights into the more controversial and innovative elements of the work. As I recall, the most debated aspect of Calvin's essay was the eucharistic doctrine, as Calvin did not believe in real presence or transsubstantiation, which is very important in Roman Catholicism because it allows clerics to claim that the liturgy of the Church is a also a living sacrifice or manna, not unalike to the Passion of Christ himself. 69.157.229.153 (talk) 22:40, 31 December 2008 (UTC)


text:
Améscoa Baja

Améscoa Baja (Ameskoabarrena) is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

title: Améscoa Baja


text:
User:JonBrown

Jon Brown is a Presales Engineer working in the IT industry in Melbourne, Australia.

All previous contributions by 211.28.95.197, were infact made by me.

title: User:JonBrown


text:
Kieft Cars

Kieft Cars, founded by Cyril Kieft, was a British car company that built Formula Three racing cars and some road going sports cars in a factory in Derry St, Wolverhampton.

History
Cyril Kieft was born in Swansea and spent his early working life in the steel industry. After the Second World war he started up his own company Cyril Kieft and Co Ltd in Bridgend, Glamorgan, making forgings and pressings including components for the motor industry. He had an interest in motor racing and, when the Formula Three car manufacturer Marwyn failed, he bought their designs and used them as a base for his own 500cc car. Several of these were sold and some competition success resulted. Publicity was gained by successful attempts on a series of records at Montlhéry in France. One of the drivers was Stirling Moss, who explained the shortcomings of the cars. As a result of this, a new design was acquired which copied the novel "free roll" rubber suspended swing axle independent rear suspension layout of the highly successful "Fraikaiserwagen" hillclimb race car, Moss and his manager Ken Gregory became directors, and the company moved to new premises at Reliance Works in Derry Street, Wolverhampton.

A new design by Gordon Bedson, who had joined the company from the aircraft industry, was produced in time for the 1951 Whit Monday Meeting at Goodwood where it won the Formula Three event driven by Moss. Don Parker was employed as works driver and won the British Formula Three Championship in 1952 and 1953.

Between 1953 and 1954, Kieft designed a Formula One car. It was designed to accommodate a Coventry-Climax Godiva engine, but the engine was not released in time due to fears it would be uncompetitive, and the project was shelved. It would later be acquired by Bill Morris, a former ERA driver, and restored for historic racing. The car finally debuted in September 2002 at a VSCC Silverstone meeting, with Cyril Kieft in attendance. It also raced in the 2006 Historic Grand Prix of Monaco.

In 1954, Kieft started to make a two-seater sports car which could also be used as a road car. Using a Coventry Climax FWA engine, all independent suspension using transverse leaf springs at the rear and a lightweight glass fibre body the car was really a racing car and at £1560 it is doubtful if any were bought just as road cars.

The company was losing money and at the end of 1954 Kieft sold the company to racing driver Berwyn Baxter.

Kieft Cars left Wolverhampton in 1956 and moved to nearby Birmingham, where they concentrated on preparing and tuning other makes of cars. There were plans for a return to making Kieft cars but these failed to materialise. The company was sold again in 1960 and changed its name to Burmans.

title: Kieft Cars


text:
File:LateNightTales Jamiroquai albumcover.jpg

Summary
http://images-eu.amazon.com/images/P/B0000D8HWN.02.LZZZZZZZ.jpg

This image is of the CD cover for the Late Night Tales album mixed by Jamiroquai entitled Late Night Tales: Jamiroquai. It is used in the article about the album, Late Night Tales: Jamiroquai. The image is therefore illustrative of, and directly relevant to, the article's content. The justification / rationale for using this image is:

 * The image is directly relevant to, or is representative of, the article in which it appears.
 * The presence of the image improves and/or gives clarity to the article in which it appears.
 * The image is of low size and quality.
 * The image depicts, or is used to promote, a product. Use of the image in an encyclopedic article relevant to that product does not harm or diminish the product, its creators, the original artist / designer of the image, the record company, publishers or studios that market the product, or any other personnel involved in its production in any way.
 * The image was taken from the website that is sourced above. On the source website, the image was used to advertise or review the product. Use of the image in a relevant encyclopedic article does not harm or diminish the source website's continued use of the image for their intended purposes.
 * The image is unlikely to have been edited. However, there are two circumstances where it may have been edited by the uploader:
 * 1) If the original image was large, the uploader may have reduced the size prior to uploading to Wikipedia.
 * 2) If borders, shadows or other effects had been added to the image on the source website, these may have been removed by the uploader purely for the purpose of returning the exact likeness of the original product.
 * Neither of these forms of editing affect the other points listed here.

Gram123 (talk) 11:21, 8 January 2008 (UTC)


text:
Ancín – Antzin

Ancín is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

title: Ancín – Antzin


text: Category:Crime in London

title: Category:Crime in London


text:
Late Night Tales: Jamiroquai

Late Night Tales: Jamiroquai is compilation album curated by British funk/acid jazz band Jamiroquai. Released on 10 November 2003, the album is the tenth release in the Late Night Tales series. A special edition of the album was released in September 2005, with the addition of a Buffalo Man embossed slipcase. The album was re-mastered and re-released in November 2010, and is now available on iTunes.

title: Late Night Tales: Jamiroquai


text:
Unity and Renewal

Unity and Renewal (Unitat i Renovació, UiR) was a local political party in Canillo, Andorra.

History
Although political parties were not legalised until 1993, the party contested the 1992 elections in the Canillo parish, winning three of the four seats.

For the 1997 elections, it was one of several local parties to ally with the Liberal Union to run in parish constituencies. The UiR won two seats as the alliance won a total of 16 of the 28 seats in the General Council, and formed a government under Marc Forné Molné.

title: Unity and Renewal


text:
Andosilla

Andosilla is a town in the province and autonomous community of Navarra, northern Spain.

Demography
From:INE Archiv

Twin towns

 * 🇪🇸 Arnedo, Spain

title: Andosilla


text:
Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (use English)/Archive 2

Suggestion for increasing granularity

 * For proper names in languages that are spelled in the Latin alphabet natively,
 * If the native spelling is different from the most common English one only by the presence of diacritics
 * use the native spelling for article titles, use either spelling in article texts, depending on the context (above proposal, it goes without saying that there will be redirects). Example: El Nino, Vladislav Vancura
 * it may be a special case how Canadian placenames (Montreal) should be transcribed, since the spelling without diacritics is arguably 'native' (French-English bilingual situation).
 * otherwise
 * use the common English spelling. Example: Cologne, Rome, Lucerne.
 * For proper names in languages not written in the Latin alphabet natively,
 * if there is a common spelling in English,
 * use that. Examples, Beijing, Tokyo, Krishna, Rigveda, Ho Chi Minh (no diacritics)
 * if the name is not current in English, or if diacritics serve to disambiguate, the technical transliteration can be used:
 * Examples: P&,

This suggestion would restrict the above policy suggestion to proper names spelled in the Latin alphabet natively, which may be enough for a first step. We may need special guidelines for titles transliterated from Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Cyrillic, Greek, Cuneiform, etc.; I would like to ask the people who voted 'oppose' above, if they would consider changing to 'support' if the proposition was so restricted. dab (ᛏ) 08:23, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't understand the reasoning behind using diacritics if the English spelling omits them. At first sight (and at second and third--that seems absolutely perverse. Surely it should be the other way round--only use diacritis if the English spelling normally uses them (there are not many such names). --Tony Sidaway|Talk 11:30, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * the reasoning is that for some names there is no English spelling. "English" spelling is in accordance with English phonological rules. If there are anglicized forms (such as Lucerne), use those. If not, in cases like Zurich (not pronounced /zuh-rich/) and El Nino (not pronounced /el-nine-o/), we are looking at non-English spellings anyway, and we are here addressing the question how to handle them. dab (ᛏ) 11:39, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I really like the way Curps put it: "...because the absence of diacritics bothers the people who care about them a lot more than their presence bothers the people who don't care about them." Dpbsmith (talk) 15:59, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Your example makes me more opposed. The ṇ in P& is shown as a square on the browser I am using right now. There is little point using letters in titles or repeated through articles if many readers cannot read them. --Audiovideo 12:23, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * well, this policy should be assuming Unicode. Unless you're into retro systems, or will stay on Windows 98 until 2008, I assume in one or two years virtually all systems will support Unicode. Already, you'll have a hard time on WP if your browser has no Unicode support. These are technical issues that should not affect our decisions on how we ideally want to title our articles. Note that P& is not yet supported by the software, but will be (and already is on most wikis except for en:) dab (ᛏ) 12:36, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Audiovideo, can you see the n with Template:Unicode applied: P&? —Michael Z. 2005-04-12 17:15 Z

 * I can read Spin̈al Tap but not Spin&. Other browsers may have different patterns. Assuming the whole world is bleeding-edge and using the same browser is a bit much. I cannot type any of these dubious characters into a search engine without a lookup table. --Audiovideo 12:41, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * this isn't about search engines or keyboard layouts. Redirects will always take care of that. We are discussing a policy on typography, i.e. how would we want to spell things, ideally. Feel free to make a suggestion that will improve consensus. dab (ᛏ) 13:56, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Most people come to Wikipedia pages via external search engines which do not use redirects. How will most users of most keyboards be able enter funny foreign squiggles without a lookup table? How is a native English speaker expected to know of every funny foreign squiggle in ever foreign language? For example how many British people (Spanish is not a common second language in Britain) know about the "Ú" in Úbeda or how many English speakers know about Polish "ń" Gda&. What about those who are learning English as a second language? How many of them are also fluent in both Spanish and Polish etc?. This is also true for the technology. The British Google http://www.google.co.uk differenciates on all characters with and without diacritics. The Canadian google seems to know about German, French and Spanish diacritics but does not know about Polish ones http://www.google.ca ["about 1,230,000 for Gdansk", "about 819,000 for Gdańsk"]. Experience suggests that there are enough editors of Wikipedia around who insist that the word is only spelt with diacritics, either through ignorance or because they are on a mission, (look at the history of Ubeda, Goering and Gdansk) which makes those pages invisible to many people using external searches. Putting the name under artical titles with diacritics encourages them to do this. We do not live in an idyllic world, we live in the real world and using diacritics makes things difficult for people. Why not stick with common Engish usage and make life easier for most people? Philip Baird Shearer 09:04, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Most people come to Wikipedia pages via external search engines which do not use redirects.
 * I disagree with the notion that the behaviour of search engines trumps encyclopaedic naming criteria. It shouldn't be the deciding consideration. Effort would be better spent prompting search engine developers to make better software.
 * "about 1,230,000 for Gdansk", "about 819,000 for Gdańsk"''
 * This figure looks bogus to me. I just looked at Google and Gdansk seems to be a superset of Gdansk and Gdańsk. So Gdansk actually has only 411,000 matches if you remove the duplicates.
 * Basically, I don't understand your line of reasoning: if you search for either "Gdańsk" or "Gdansk" in Google, both get you the Wikipedia article in the first 10 matches. Most relevantly a search for Gdansk matches pages called Gdańsk - so how exactly is using a diacritic "hiding" a page from searches?
 * --kjd 15:41, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Not sure about the google.ca seach for all pages, but if restricted to just English pages the results are "about 36,600 English pages for Gdańsk", "about 26,900 English pages for Gdańsk -Gdansk" and about "533,000 English pages for Gdansk", "about 530,000 English pages for Gdansk -Gdańsk". Seems that their indexing is not as precise as it might be. However it is clear that Gdansk and Gdańsk return a diffrent set of pages.
 * You may think "Effort would be better spent prompting search engine developers to make better software" to find words which are not standard Engish, personally I disagree. But as that is beyond the scope of this project, so lets not discuss it further. Within the scope of the project, if the word is included without diacritics (which is perfectly correct in Engish and the way most monolingual English speakers would type almost all words) then the problem is solved. For example Gdansk shows up both ways because at the moment the article includes the word "Gdansk" as well as "Gdańsk". However Ubeda does not include "Ubeda" and will not show up using many search engines. As I said above "Experience suggests that there are enough editors of Wikipedia around who insist that the word is only spelt with diacritics, either through ignorance or because they are on a mission and putting the name under artical titles with diacritics encourages them to do this. Philip Baird Shearer 17:00, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Wiggle room needed
We should be careful not to adopt a policy that ends up strait-jacketing us. In the real world spelling is inconsistent and awkward and no general rule is going to work in all cases.

In particular, names can change the way that they are translated or transliterated into English over time. Since Wikipedia has articles covering the whole of history, we need to be prepared to preserve inconsistencies in spelling, for example: It would cause no end of headaches if a over-broad policy were used to force an artificial consistency of spelling. Gdr 11:01, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)
 * Beijing (pinyin romanization) but Peking Man (Postal System Pinyin romanization)
 * Osroes I of Parthia (transliteration of Greek) but Khosrau I of Persia (transliteration of Arabic)
 * Île d'Ouessant (French) but First Battle of Ushant (English)
 * Livorno (Italian) but Battle of Leghorn (English)
 * Kharkiv (transliteration of Ukrainian) but Third Battle of Kharkov (transliteration of Russian)
 * Belarus (transliteration of Belarusian) but 3rd Belorussian Front (English based on transliteration of Russian)

 * of course! "Peking Man" has become a proper name in its own right and is unaffected by our policy on "Beijing". The same goes for your other examples. There are cases where versions of a name propagate in parallel, such as Charlemagne vs. Charles the Great. I am happy to have the article at Charlemagne, but I suppose both would be arguable. We definitely need enough wiggle-room to allow informed judgement in such cases. dab (ᛏ) 11:25, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * For the record: I, too, think wiggle room is needed. And the rough proposal I made should not be adopted without tweaking, refining, and debugging. And, anyway, saying that something is policy does not cause its instant and rigid adoption. All that statements of policy do is a) help to bring initiates up to speed on what existing consensus positions are and why they were adopted, b) sometimes have a beneficial effect in shortening debate and influencing opinion when specific cases are debated. Dpbsmith (talk) 15:56, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * But then we also have Kiev, transliterated from Russian, instead of Kyiv, from Ukrainian. It also seems to me that a usage like 3rd Belorussian Front should be changed to 3rd Belarusian Front.  —Michael Z. 2005-04-12 17:39 Z

 * I do not think Kiev vs. Kyiv even enters this particular discussion (no diacritics involved). The Kiev case is exactly like the Lucerne one: In English, the Russian/French form is preferred over the native Ukrainian/German spelling. We do not suggest a change to the unfamiliar native form, but will stay with Kiev/Lucerne. dab (ᛏ) 06:46, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

With/without diacritics: how about "anything goes if you can prove you can clean up your own mess?"
Howzabout: there is no preference between forms with and without diacritics (analogous to the position on British versus U. S. spelling), and that moves are OK provided the person proposing the move can demonstrate convincingly that there is a team of people who are willing to do all the necessary work that the move would entail.

Stated crudely, "Anything goes, as long as you can prove you can clean up your own mess?"

Stated more precisely:

Establish some kind of project page for "diacritical place name moves" that would apply to

 * pairs of place name forms, one with diacritics, expressible in ISO 8859-1, and one without, expressible in ASCII,
 * for which the ASCII form has the visual appearance of the ISO 8859-1 form with diacritics removed, and
 * whose form with diacritics can be used as an article title without any need for HTML entities, and
 * for which there is consensus that, in English, the combined frequency of usage of the two forms exceeds the frequency of usage of any other form

Anyone can propose to perform the move and the associated work it necessitates. This work consists of performing the move and doing all editing work needed in all articles that reference the name to remove double redirects and make usage consistent. And whatever other tasks the community decides are needed. The proposal must include a date for completion of the work. The proposal must contain an estimate of the number of pages affected. The proposal must contain an invitation for users to sign up to perform the work.

Accompanying the proposal would be some form of vote. The vote would be based, not on the merits of the move, but on the degree of confidence that the work would, in fact, be completed by the specified date in a workmanlike manner.

On the completion date, there would be a formal review and second vote as to whether the move had, in fact, been adequately completed.

Of course, if anyone tries to perform a page move without having assembled a team and garnered a consensus vote that the team is adequate, the move would be reverted as against policy.

Note that in early stages of an article's existence, it would be plausible that a single person could do the work him- or herself, but would still have to make a public declaration and garner consensus before making the move. The main point is that the consensus would be a judgement that the person making the move would do the whole job responsibly, not a judgement on whether people agree with the move itself.

Just a thought. Dpbsmith (talk) 13:17, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This is a completely unreasonable amount of bureaucracy, seemingly designed to intentionally discourage page moves. Assemble a team, two votes and a formal review for every page move?  And why would all of this apply only to diacritic-related moves... why aren't you proposing this for every single move of any kind?

 * It's also not clear exactly what you're saying... why would articles need to be edited to remove double redirects? To remove a double redirect, you just edit the redirect itself. -- Curps 17:47, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * That's instruction creep. --cesarb 17:52, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Sure. I would acknowledge that it's instruction hopscotch, instruction gallop, instruction pole-vault... Dpbsmith (talk) 20:40, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * we're not aiming for consistent use at all, that would be almost impossible. Article texts are free to refer to either the article directly, or the redirect, regardless of which is the one with diacritics. We're only discussing where to actually place the article. "wherever you like" stops working as soon as people involve with the article disagree among themselves. dab (ᛏ) 18:00, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Wrongtitle excess
'Someone' has gone and used the wrongtitle tag on Abraham, Mao Zedong, and Al-Khwarizmi - apparently in the view that the proper titles should be used are in their native language. This person apparently hasnt heard of the WP:UE policy, and doesnt understand the true consistent use of wrongtitle to emphasize either a minor technical difficulty particular to the entire world wide web, or else the cultural dignity embodied the diacritic. -SV|t 22:31, 14 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Looking at the histories of those pages, I see that this "someone" is you. If you haven't heard of the WP:UE policy, simply read that page. It clearly states "Only use the native spelling as an article title if it is more commonly used in English than the anglicized form." So why exactly did you add those templates? If you think that the rules for titles should be changed, simply bring them up on this talk page rather than adding them to articles where they don't belong under the current guidelines. See WP:POINT. — Ливай | ☺ 23:10, 14 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Doesnt work that way. One has to make a point in order for a point to be made. -SV|t 23:48, 14 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Points can be made with words. There are plenty of places to do so here that you can use to draw attention to your point rather than putting out-of-place things on popular articles. If you feel particular articles are holding the template that should not, don't hesitate to bring it up on the articles' talk pages. If you feel that the template itself is flawed, say so on the template talk page. If you feel this is a larger consistency issue that affects the Wikipedia more broadly, there's always the Village Pump. If you don't state explicitly what you think the problem is, nobody is going to do anything about it. I asked you why you put the templates up and you did not tell me the point you are trying to make with them; I'm still not sure what exactly your point is, and I doubt I'm alone. On Wikipedia, actions don't always speak louder than words, especially when your actions are just going to be undone by the other editors anyways. — Ливай | ☺ 01:32, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

Existence versus common.
I am trying to follow this policy, but I don't really know if I am doing so correctly. I work a lot with European works of music, and the titles are renamed and moved all the time. Everyone is trying to help. Consider Puccini's most famous opera. According to Title your pages using the English name, if one exists, it should be called "The Bohemian Girl" -- this is the original title given by the composer for the first English edition. According to If you are talking about a person, country, town, movie or book, use the most commonly used English version of the name for the article (as you would find it in other encyclopedias), this would be "La bohème" (by the encyclopedia rule, (the Italian title)), but "La Bohème" or "La Boheme" by the commonly used rule. Opera is a rather specialized subject. When titling pages, does commonly used refer to the general public or to people educated in the field? I don't want to move this page; it has been through enough (Regretably, some of it was my doing.) I just want a better understanding of how to follow this rule when titling new pages. --DrG 13:26, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)

 * You raise some good points there. In my opinion we should lean towards the more academic usage where there is a choice. This is what we're currently proposing at Naming_conventions_(Old_Norse/Old_Icelandic/Old_English). To me academic usage has connotations of academic accuracy (which we probably want). In your Bohemian problem I would probably prefer "La bohème". - Haukurth 17:31, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Even foreign words used as foreign words need to be fully Anglicized - Jimbo Wales
Taken from Talk:Fucking Åmål Revision as of 19:55, 7 December 2001. Here are some dated thoughts by Jimbo Wales:

-START--

I would guess that the reason we don't write Pokemon in Katakana is that the vast majority of our readers wouldn't have any clue how to pronounce it. That's not the case with Å -- it's still an "A", after all.

I suppose it's worth mentioning that these letters do actually exist in English anyway, in a few cases where we've ripped a word steaming from the chest cavity of another European language. I grant you that they're rare -- Noël is the only common one I can think of -- but they do exist. -- Paul Drye

I disagree very strongly. We should not include Katakana in the text of any articles, except perhaps an article on Katakana. Katakana is completely unreadable to people who have not studied Japanese. Browsers don't consistently render any versions of it of which I'm aware, either.

In this particular case, the Amal "a with ring" was written in some way that actually broke the link (at least on this machine, my home pink iMac using Netscape 4.7 or something like that).

I suppose it could be a matter of some controversy as to whether Noel (see, I don't even know how to type 'e with two dots') exists in English. English is a mongrel language, without even the pretense of central authority as found with, for example, French. English is as English does. My perspective is that if I don't see it on my keyboard, and if I didn't sing it in the alphabet song, it's 'fancy' and therefore should be avoided.

Try searching on the net for Gödel -- it's not a good thing. Try either Godel or Goedel, both common Anglicizations, and you're good to go.

--Jimbo Wales

 * This loops back to another discussion I was in a few days ago. If one's concern is getting a hit from a search engine, don't avoid variant spellings. It's not a case of Godel or G&oumldel, it's a case of Godel and G&oumldel. Designate one as the name you're going to use in the article, but be liberal about listing useful variants. It helps both machine searches, and reassures the reader that he's on the right page even if he approached it with an unusual spelling in mind. Hence the title of this article being non-accented English, and the first sentence giving us rings and the "translated non-controversial" title. We've got all the bases covered. -- Paul Drye

 * I find this argument completely and overwhelmingly compelling, and I withdraw all objections to placing as many variants as deemed necessary within articles, so long as they are renderable by most browsers. --Jimbo Wales

Yes, titles must not use characters that are not legal in URLs, and that precludes any non-7bit-ASCII. But we're talking about the body text of the article here. Whether or not one chooses to use diacritical marks in standard English borrowings (in words like coördinate, naïve, résumé, etc.) is a separate issue. I generally leave them out; CMS is non-committal. But when the word in question is not a borrowed one, but actually a foreign one used as such, I think it's important to get it correct in the body of the article at least in the initial sentence. If it requires non-ISO characters, then the Anglicization used for the title can also be used for the rest of the article. This has been discussed in a lot of diverse places; we should probably have a policy article that consolidates them. --LDC

But Amal is not being used as a foreign word is it? No more so than, for example, Junichiro Koizumi, Prime Minister of Japan. Shall we write Osama Bin Laden in Arabic? Amal is a name, like those.

Even foreign words used as foreign words need to be fully Anglicized, I think. Perestroika. Glasnost. Writing those in Russian characters would render the article unusable to English speakers.

Obviously, my examples don't fully address the issue. The important distinction between Japanese and Arabic names and Swedish names is that Swedish names are 'borrowable' in the sense that I can at least still read it.

Also, see above, where I agree completely with Paul Drye's reasoning, and so withdraw all these objections.

--Jimbo Wales

Also, p.s., take a look at Junichiro Koizumi. Someone has placed something fancy after his name, which I assume would render it in perfect Japanese. Perhaps this will draw Japanese speakers to wikipedia, I don't know, but that would be a good thing. But in my browser, all I see is some question marks. :-( That doesn't strike me as a good thing. -END-- Food for thought Philip Baird Shearer 18:57, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Native spelling
Only use the native spelling as an article title if it is more commonly used in English than the anglicized form. and If there is no commonly used English name, use an accepted transliteration of the name in the original language. What exactly is "native spelling" or "original language". Which language is cosidered "native" in multilingual environments ? What about disputed (or occupied) territories, rivers that flow through multiple countries/language zones etc. ? --Lysy (talk) 13:50, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

 * River is a very good example! Rijn, Rhein , Rhin . In English we find a fourth spelling Rhine --Patio 10:49, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

 * And, accordingly, Rhine is the name for the river in English, hence the correct name for the article. Any territorial or riparian disputes belong in the body of the article, not the title.  Robert A West 19:27, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

Write for the reader
The target reader of the English-language Wikipedia is, perforce, a native speaker of English, the majority of whom are functional monophones. Moreover, there is no rational expectation that all of them will update to full support for any particular character set by a date certain. Most users will employ IE with the factory settings, which simply do not support many of the characters that are currently being used in titles.

I realize that those two facts displease a substantial number of people in this discussion, but it is not the mission of Wikipedia to change either fact. Some people may think the title does not matter, but it is more jarring to to see an unreadable mush at the top of the screen than to that a relatively small part of the text is unreadable (at worst) or uses unfamiliar marks (at best), especially since the title-form is the one that generally will be repeated throughout the article itself.

It is better to be reader-friendly than to be on the cutting edge of any social or technical movement. Robert A West 00:26, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

 * target reader is english native? I would not support this. I like reading english WP, whilst beeing german native. At the same time I prefer non-diacritics in article titles. I wanna read english, not internationalish. BTW even people that are not monophones seldom can read Vietnamese. Monophony shouldn't be the argument. Tobias Conradi (Talk) 20:36, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Just because lots of people for whom English is a second language show up here, don't assume that such people are a primary target for this Wikipedia - and to the degree they are, this may well be transitory, to boot. (Right now, the English Wikipedia has a lot more articles than Wikipedias in other languages. However, over time, this will change. Once the X Wikipedia has a good percentage of the number of articles that the English one does, native speaker of X are going to look there for content.)
 * Your point about Vietnamese is a good one, though - we are discriminating against languages which don't use (basically) the Latin alphabet, in saying "use native spellings in German, Croat, etc, but not in Russian, Greek, Arabic, Japanese, Chinese, etc, etc, etc". Noel (talk) 23:36, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * We have to "discriminate" against languages which do not use the Latin alphabet. Cyrillic, greek, arabic, japanese etc must be transliterated for us to be able to read the word. Accents over or under existing latin characters is however a much different scenario.

 * Any citation of technical limits to display such characters is incredulous. I've not yet found an english system which does not come with the ability, out of the box, to display áä etc, EXCEPT for a limited version of PCs donated by Microsoft which was pure ASCII.

 * If you wish to eliminate non-ASCII characters entirely, it will be to the detriment of Wikipedia itself, you would have to change every word in every article to conform to the outdated ASCII format which does not include for example the majority of monetary signs, to give you an idea of what a computer alphabet contains. I do wonder also what it does for the geographical knowledge of English readers, I'm not sure how far I could get in the USA if I insisted I did have a flight booked to Fönix or Vasíngton or Englaborgin. A traveller doing his research on Wikipedia will find out when arriving that his information is written wrong and it hinders his ability in the country, having used a devalued version of a "guide".

 * Plus the comment about the readers being unable to comprehend non-ASCII characters in the article, completely spoiling it for them, is showing complete lack of faith in their abilities. Plus, the more they see accents, the more comfortable they will be with them and that may lead them to be able to go through everyday life without falling into a catatonic shock of seeing a stray ä. --Stalfur 11:51, 8 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
Ansoáin – Antsoain

Ansoain (Antsoain) is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarra, northern Spain.

title: Ansoáin – Antsoain


text:
Tony Roberts

Tony Roberts may refer to:
 * Tony Roberts (actor) (born 1939), American actor
 * Tony Roberts (author), British author of the Casca series of fantasy novels since 2006
 * Tony Roberts (footballer) (born 1969), Welsh football player
 * Tony Roberts (historian), Australian historian
 * Tony Roberts (poet) (born 1949), British poet
 * Tony Roberts (racing driver) (1938–2001), winner of the 1969 Bathurst 500
 * Tony Roberts (sportscaster) (1928/29–2023), American sports announcer
 * Tony T. Roberts (born 1963), American stand-up comedian and actor

title: Tony Roberts


text:
Talk:Valley Village, Los Angeles

Changes I Made
Burbank blvd Elementary is in Valley Village, not North Hollywood. The current boundary is Burbank Blvd. I also didn't see the need to have a paragraph about the Valley village website for that is advertisement. I also added North Hollywood for the official name of the post office is the "Valley village / North Hollywood Post office." I also added a link explaining more of the history of break-off from North Hollywood and how it was part of a precedent that began in the 1980's beginning with West Hills. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rob3gd (talk • contribs) 02:50, 2 March 2013 (UTC)

Misreading Thomas Guide
In regards to the disputed boundaries, Thomas Guide is NOT "inaccurate," but neither does it show the northern boundary of Valley Village as Magnolia Blvd. Thomas Guide does not claim to show definite boundaries of neighborhoods within the City of Los Angeles, just general areas. Thomas Guide just happens to print the words "Valley Village" south of Magnolia Ave on the page, but there are no boundary lines. It also prints the words "North Hollywood" north of Burbank Blvd on the page. That would leave a "no-mans land" between Magnolia and Burbank Blvd, which is obviously not the case. The dividing line between the two is simply not clearly demarcated. Indeed, Valley Village defines its own northern boundary as Burbank Blvd. 02:52, 2 March 2013 by User:Rob3gd

Do not Merge
Do _not_ merge with North Hollwood. Would make refering from outside to WP more difficult. Tobias Conradi (Talk) 12:53, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

East and West.
I've already corrected the errors, no offence, but I think whoever wrote where it is compared to other valley neighborhoods got east confused with north.

Actually
Actually, Valley Village is west of North Hollywood. I should know, I live here in Valley Village, and if I take any east-west street (like Burbank, Chandler, Magnolia) eastward, then I arrive at North Hollywood (which used to be called Lankershim, and is arguably centered around Lankershim Blvd.). Therefore, I reverted your edit. --Rachack 06:55, 25 December 2005 (UTC)

Okay, but
You are right except for the fact that Valley Village's northern boundary is Magnolia Blvd., therefore, when you thought you were in Valley Village you are already in North Hollywood. That's what my Thomas Guide says.

But really,
But really your Thomas guide is probably outdated and inaccurate. The official site of the NCVV says: "Valley Village is located north of Los Angeles in the beautiful San Fernanado Valley. We are a small community (22,000 residents) EAST of the Tujunga Wash, NORTH of the Ventura (101) Freeway, WEST of the Hollywood (170) Freeway and SOUTH of Burbank Boulevard." --Rachack 04:57, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

Valley Village, Los Angeles, California

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Page not moved - see also Talk:Los_Angeles  Ron h jones (Talk) 23:13, 4 May 2010 (UTC)

Valley Village, Los Angeles →

Please see talk pages for Reseda, Los Angeles, California, Winnetka, Los Angeles, California, & Chatsworth, Los Angeles, California. Thank you.---Look2See1 (talk) 21:59, 27 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose/Request speedy closure User has offered no reasoning for move. The name of the city is Los Angeles, not Los Angeles, California; therefore the name of the article should be Valley Village, Los Angeles, not Valley Village, Los Angeles, California.  Many neighborhoods in other cities, in and out of the United States, do not contain state names, including quite a few neighborhoods in Los Angeles now  Purplebackpack89  (Notes Taken)  (Trails blazed)  22:06, 27 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Oppose - I agree. Unless there is a disambiguation problem, "neighhborhood, Los Angeles" is sufficient. Beyond My Ken (talk) 07:48, 28 April 2010 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Valley Village, Los Angeles


text:
Anue

Anue is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

title: Anue


text:
Dastur al-Muluk

Dastūr al-Mulūk by Moḥammad Rafiʿ Anṣāri known as Mirzā Rafiʿā, is one of only three surviving administrative handbooks from early 18th-century Safavid Iran and an important research tool for scholars in Iranology. The Persian manuscript was edited during the 1960s by the Iranian scholar Mohammad Taqi Danesh Pajouh.

A Russian translation by Dr Vil'danova appeared in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, in the 1990s. In 2002, an annotated English translation (ISBN 983-9379-26-7), which contains also a facsimile of what was then thought among scholars to be the complete manuscript, was published and translated into English for the first time by the German scholar Christoph Marcinkowski, based on his dissertation. Already in 2000, this dissertation was awarded by then Iranian President Mohammad Khatami the First Prize for Best Research on Iranian Culture Award for the Year 2000 (International Category) by the Iranian Ministry of Culture. A Persian translation of Marcinkowski's 2002 study by Ali Kordabadi and Mansur Sefatgol appeared in 1385 AH solar (2006 CE) in Tehran at Markaz-e Asnad va Tarikh-e Diplomasi (published by the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs).

Subsequently, the Iranian scholar Iraj Afshar discovered and edited the remainder of the manuscript. This part, too, was translated into English and discussed by Dr. Marcinkowski in the Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, the journal of the German Oriental Society (see below).

title: Dastur al-Muluk


text:
List of summer villages in Alberta

A summer village is a type of urban municipality in the Canadian province of Alberta that has a permanent population generally less than 300 permanent inhabitants, as well as seasonal (non-permanent) inhabitants.

Alberta has a total of 51 summer villages that had a cumulative population of 5,176 and an average population of 101 in Canada's 2016 Census of Population. Alberta's largest summer village is Sandy Beach with a population of 278, while Castle Island, Kapasiwin, and Point Alison are the smallest each with a population of 10.

History
A summer village is a type of municipal status used in Alberta, Canada founded in 1913. It was used in resort areas that were mainly active in the summer and where most residents were seasonal. Cottage owners did not want to pay for municipal services that they didn't need but wished to have a voice in local government of the resort area.

Changes were made to the provincial laws to allow elections to be held in July and to allow seasonal residents to run for office and vote in the summer village without losing these same rights in their place of permanent residence.

In 1995, provincial legislation was changed to prevent the formation of new summer villages. The 54 summer villages that existed at the time were permitted to continue to operate as before.

Former summer villages
Four other communities in Alberta have previously held summer village status – Alberta Beach, Chestermere Lake (now Chestermere), Edmonton Beach (now Spring Lake), and White Gull.

title: List of summer villages in Alberta


text:
Agoitz

Agoitz, or Spanish Aoiz, is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

title: Agoitz


text:
Charles Blackman

Charles Raymond Blackman (12 August 1928 – 20 August 2018) was an Australian painter, noted for the Schoolgirl, Avonsleigh and Alice in Wonderland series of the 1950s. He was a member of the Antipodeans, a group of Melbourne painters that also included Arthur Boyd, David Boyd, John Brack, Robert Dickerson, John Perceval, and Clifton Pugh. He was married for 27 years to author, essayist, poet, librettist and patron of the arts Barbara Blackman.

Early life and initial success
Blackman, born 12 August 1928 in Sydney, left school at 13 and worked as an illustrator with The Sun newspaper while attending night classes at East Sydney Technical College (1943–46) though was principally self-taught. He was later awarded an honorary doctorate. He came to notice following his move to Melbourne in the mid-1940s, where he became friends with Joy Hester, John Perceval and Laurence Hope as well as gaining the support of critic and art patron John Reed. His work met critical acclaim through his early Schoolgirl and Alice series, the latter Blackman's conception of Lewis Carroll's most famous character. For some time while painting the Alice series, Blackman worked as a cook at a café run by art dealer Georges Mora and his wife, fellow artist Mirka Mora.

In 1959 he was a signatory to the Antipodean Manifesto, a statement protesting against the dominance of abstract expressionism. The manifesto's adherents have been dubbed the Antipodeans Group.

Blackman's own work is associated with dreamlike images tinged with mystery and foreboding. In 1960 he and his family lived in London after Blackman won a Helena Rubenstein travelling scholarship, settling in Sydney upon his return five and a half years later. In 1970 he moved to Paris, when awarded an atelier studio in the Cité internationale des arts. He lived there for a year at the same time as John Coburn, and subsequently returned often, as Paris was for him a lasting source of inspiration.

After 27 years of marriage, Blackman divorced his wife Barbara in 1978, largely because of his alcoholism. He married the young artist Genevieve de Couvreur, a 19-year-old friend of his children. She divorced him after eight years, as his alcoholism grew deeper, and in 1989 he married a third wife, Victoria Bower, whom he also later divorced. He had six children, Auguste, Christabel, Barnaby, Beatrice, Felix and Axiom, most of them artists and musicians in their own right.

Later life
Blackman's accountant and close friend, Tom Lowenstein, set up the Charles Blackman Trust to manage his affairs. Lowenstein periodically sold off Blackman's works to pay his expenses. He lived with dementia in a rented home in Sydney. On 20 August 2018, a week after his 90th birthday, he died in the aged care facility he moved into earlier that year.

Recognition
Blackman was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to Australian art in 1977.

A portrait of Blackman by Jon Molvig won the Archibald Prize in 1966.

In August 2010, the Blackman Hotel opened in St Kilda Road, Melbourne. It features 670 digitally reproduced fine art prints by Blackman.

Ursula Dubosarsky's novel The Golden Day was directly inspired by Blackman's 1954 painting Floating Schoolgirl, which is in the collection of the National Gallery of Australia in Canberra.

title: Charles Blackman


text:
Arbor Lodge State Historical Park and Arboretum

Arbor Lodge State Historical Park and Arboretum is a mansion and arboretum located at 2600 Arbor Avenue, Nebraska City, Nebraska, United States. The park is a National Historic Landmark listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1969.

The 52-room neo-colonial house began in 1855 for J. Sterling Morton, originator of Arbor Day and Secretary of Agriculture in the 1890s under President Grover Cleveland. The house was originally a modest 4-room frame structure on 160 acre. It was extended several times, most recently in 1903, and in later years served as the summer home for his son Joy Morton, founder of Morton Salt Company. The mansion features Victorian and Empire furnishings, many of which were owned by the Mortons. Its sun parlor contains a fine Tiffany skylight with grape trellis design.

Trees were a central interest of J. Sterling Morton. He imported trees from all over the country in order to test their suitability to create windbreaks and otherwise break up the monotony of the great plains. The house is surrounded by 270 varieties of trees and shrubs, including gardens, apple orchards, and acres of oaks, maples, chestnuts, and pines, including at least 10 state-champion trees. Specimen trees are typically labeled with engraved bronze plates. Over the years, many of Arbor Lodge's apple orchards were demolished, but in the 1990s their restoration began with plantings of winesaps, golden delicious, red delicious, jonathans, and jonadels.

Activities and amenities
The mansion functions as a museum and contains many items related to the early history of Nebraska, Otoe County, and Nebraska City. The park includes an arboretum, Italian terraced garden, log cabin, carriage house with early carriages, walking trails, and 200 varieties of lilacs. Since 2014, the state park has been managed by the Arbor Day Foundation.


text:
Araitz

Araitz is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

title: Araitz


text:
Swaton

Swaton is a village and civil parish in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the B1394 road, less than 0.5 mi north from the A52 road, and 6 mi south-east of Sleaford. Swaton Fen lies to the east.

The Swaton Eau river rises to the west and runs through the village until it joins the South Forty-Foot Drain. Before the draining of the Fens the Swaton Eau was navigable and a large inland port existed close to the current bridge. The Roman Car Dyke runs to the east of the village. Roman brick pits remain. The name comes from "Suavetone" or "Swaffa’s Farmstead".

The cruciform Church of St Michael is a Grade I listed building.

Nichola de la Haye, a lady who served as High Sheriff of Lincolnshire for King John, died in Swaton on 20 November 1230.

In 1240 William II Longespée and his wife Idonea, Nichola's granddaughter, applied for and were granted a royal charter to run a Friday market in the village. This grant was unsuccessfully challenged by residents of Folkingham and Sleaford who feared it would damage their own Saturday and Monday markets.

Swaton Vintage Day is held each June. The village also hosts the annual World Egg Throwing competition. Egg throwing in this village started c. 1322 when the new Abbot of Swaton, controlling all poultry in the village, used them to provide eggs as alms to those that attended church. When the Eau was in flood these were hurled over the swollen river to waiting peasants.

title: Swaton


text:
Talk:Octave (disambiguation)

Untitled
"In religion, an octave is an eight-day festival." Religion? as in Zen Buddhism? This is not even an adequate definition of "octave" within the Roman Catholic Church (and others?) Maybe someone can improve this.--Wetman 11:11, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I fixed it as best I can. There are limits to what a disambig page can cover.  If someone wants to create an article, the Catholic Encyclopedia is in the public domain and excerpts could be included, as long as there's a credit at the bottom of the page is a useful source.  Chick Bowen 13:39, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I just realized that's misleading. The print edition of the Catholic Encyclopedia is in the public domain, but the online edition I cited above is not.  Chick Bowen 13:42, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

A little error in this page: "OCTAVE, Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation framework developed by Carnegie Mellon and most commonly used in the defense industry" erroneously points to GNU Octave programming language page Cybevnm (talk) 20:13, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I've removed that incorrect link. I considered creating a stub for the CMU OCTAVE, but I'm not sure it warrants it. For now I've linked to another page that mentions it. Manderso (talk) 12:29, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

E&M radiation
There is no reference of "eighty-one octaves" in the EM radiation link. I've never heard of it either. Chris2crawford (talk) 19:20, 3 December 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Octave (disambiguation)


text:
Arakil

Arakil is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

title: Arakil


text:
User talk:Gene7291

Nomination of Ho ho ho for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Ho ho ho is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Ho ho ho& until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. MichaelMaggs (talk) 09:18, 3 January 2017 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Pasir Ris Drive 3

The article Pasir Ris Drive 3 has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Lacks any sources or references"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Dan arndt (talk) 05:54, 6 September 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gene7291


text:
User talk:Mtahir

Imran Khan photo
Hello Mtahir,

I'm afraid I had to remove your photo of Imran Khan. You put "The copyright holder allows anyone to use it for any purpose" but this is not true — you can only use photos from Getty Images by paying a fee, and then only for restricted purposes.

In general, you can only use photos you took yourself, or where the photographer has explicitly given permission — unless the photo is so old that it is now out of copyright. I wish this wasn't the case, but unfortunately it's the law. If we ignore it, we are likely to get sued.

I hope this won't deter you from making other contributions to Wikipedia in future.

Stephen Turner 11:11, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Sou logo.gif
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Sou logo.gif. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Suggestions on how to do so can be found here.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:45, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

File source problem with File:IDCard_PK.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:IDCard_PK.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 18:49, 27 June 2009 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Rettetast (talk) 18:49, 27 June 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Mtahir! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 04:58, 15 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Shahbaz Ahmed -

Nomination of Jadoo TV for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Jadoo TV is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Jadoo TV until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Jasper Deng (talk) 04:09, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

Join us at FB
Hello Pakistanis Wikipedians! Assalam-o-Alaikum, I hope you are enjoying editing Wikipedia and helping around. I want to join every Pakistani Wikipedian on facebook so I hope you would like to join us in our community. We would/could help each other and make Pakistani articles more better.

Join us:
 * Group: Pakistani Wikipedians
 * Page: Pakistani Wikipedians

And then sign my guestbook for memories.

Regards: --  Captain Wikipedia!     ( T - C  - G  ) 06:46, 19 November 2012 (UTC)

Wiki Loves Monuments - Pakistan

'''Hi !

Wiki Loves Monuments, the world's largest photography competition, will be taking place in Pakistan this September. The competition is all about capturing the cultural monuments and heritage sites of Pakistan and uploading these images on Commons to create an online repository which will be freely available to all.

Start taking photos of the sites enlisted here and upload them in September to be eligible for national and international prizes.

Email: contact@wikilovesmonuments.pk Official website: wikilovesmonuments.pk Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesMonumentsPK Posted by MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:10, 8 June 2014 (UTC) on behalf of WikiProject Pakistan

Pakistani Cultural Heritage - Edit Drive
Hi !

Wikimedia Community User Group Pakistan is organizing an edit drive for Pakistani Wikipedians on Pakistani Cultural Heritage throughout the month of July. Top three contributors will be given a gift pack containing Wikipedia merchandise.

You can read the event details here. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 11:14, 1 July 2014 (UTC) You are receiving this message as a member of WikiProject Pakistan

title: User talk:Mtahir


text: User talk:68.6.113.135

title: User talk:68.6.113.135


text:
Aranarache

Aranarache (Aranaratxe) is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

Aranarache has a population of 86 inhabitants. It is located below the Arnotegi peak, Urbasa range.

title: Aranarache


text:
Fluent (artificial intelligence)

In artificial intelligence, a fluent is a condition that can change over time. In logical approaches to reasoning about actions, fluents can be represented in first-order logic by predicates having an argument that depends on time. For example, the condition "the box is on the table", if it can change over time, cannot be represented by $$\mathrm{On}(\mathrm{box},\mathrm{table})$$; a third argument is necessary to the predicate $$\mathrm{On}$$ to specify the time: $$\mathrm{On}(\mathrm{box},\mathrm{table},t)$$ means that the box is on the table at time $$t$$. This representation of fluents is modified in the situation calculus by using the sequence of the past actions in place of the current time. A fluent can also be represented by a function, dropping the time argument. For example, that the box is on the table can be represented by $$on(box,table)$$, where $$on$$ is a function and not a predicate. In first-order logic, converting predicates to functions is called reification; for this reason, fluents represented by functions are said to be reified. When using reified fluents, a separate predicate is necessary to tell when a fluent is actually true or not. For example, $$HoldsAt(on(box,table),t)$$ means that the box is actually on the table at time $$t$$, where the predicate $$HoldsAt$$ is the one that tells when fluents are true. This representation of fluents is used in the event calculus, in the fluent calculus, and in the features and fluents logics. Some fluents can be represented as functions in a different way. For example, the position of a box can be represented by a function $$on(box,t)$$ whose value is the object the box is standing on at time $$t$$. Conditions that can be represented in this way are called functional fluents. Statements about the values of such functions can be given in first-order logic with equality using literals such as $$on(box,t)=table$$. Some fluents are represented this way in the situation calculus.

Naive physics
From a historical point of view, fluents were introduced in the context of qualitative reasoning. The idea is to describe a process model not with mathematical equations but with natural language. That means an action is not only determined by its trajectory, but with a symbolic model, very similar to a text adventure. Naive physics stands in opposition to a numerical physics engine and has the obligation to predict the outcome of actions. The fluent realizes the common sense grounding between the robot's motion and the task description in natural language.

From a technical perspective, a fluent is equal to a parameter that is parsed by the naive physics engine. The parser converts between natural language fluents and numerical values measured by sensors. As a consequence, the human-machine interaction is improved.

title: Fluent (artificial intelligence)


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2002 ISSF World Shooting Championships

The 48th ISSF World Shooting Championships were held in Lahti, Finland from July 2 to July 16, 2002.

World records
Several world records were equalled or bettered in Lahti. Especially in women's 300 m Rifle and women's running target, both non-Olympic (so there are few other occasions for them) and both relatively new on the program, were records wiped away.

Notes and references

 * Full results (ISSF website)

title: 2002 ISSF World Shooting Championships


text:
Talk:Vernanimalcula

I almost completely rewrote the article. It would be good to have some else's perspective. Dalbury 11:47, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

-

Well, since you ask; I think the changes look great. Now there is a picture and links and more information than before. The right way to use Wikipedia. It is interesting to see that the flatworms may have once have lost their coelom through progenesis. Vernanimalcula is the closest thing we can come to of how Urbilateria may have looked. Today we can find very small annelids with a very reduced coelom and reduced segmentation. And if I remember correctly, the only place to find a (pseudo?)coelom in Tardigrada is around their single gonad.

Some quotes from different articles:

"In any event, it is likely that all three platyhelminth clades (Acoelomorpha, Catenulida, and Rhabditophora) originated through a process of progenesis from a large-bodied, coelomate ancestor (Rieger, 1986, 1994; Tyler, 2001) even if those are independent origins. No other hypothesis of origins accounts for the histological structure of flatworms. Progenesis has played a major role in much of the evolution of the interstitial fauna (Westheide, 1987), and while this process can be readily recognized among a few taxa in which sufficient intermediates are known (the interstitial annelids, for instance), that for the flatworms seems to have produced such a drastic revamping of morphology that the origins have become obscurred."

"Taken together, these facts provide a basis for considering the acoelomate and pseudocoelomate worms as being derived from larvae or juveniles of coelomate ancestors with early maturation of gonads (progenesis) (Rieger, 1980, 1985). Acoelomate and pseudocoelomate organization may not arise by reduction of the coelom from coelomate ancestors, therefore, but rather by a forestalling of its development (cf. Smith & Tyler, 1985, p. 124, 137; Ax, 1985, p. 172)."

"Could the Acoela be the most basal group of the Bilateria? Yes, certainly, at least among extant animals. Did the ancestor of the Bilateria look or live like an acoel flatworm? Not likely. The Acoela are a specialized branch from that ancestor, and while they may be genetically more closely related to that ancestor than other living animals, that ancestor was probably a large-bodied coelomate organism. Present-day acoels are reduced in body size and have changed their mode of reproduction (and show all the morphological modifications those changes require) probably in adaptation to a benthic life in sediments. Perhaps other platyhelminths adapted similarly from another ancestor, but many of their similarities are rather difficult to explain as convergence."

If you have heard about Xenoturbella, you probably know they don't have a coelom either, and not even a brain or gut. But unlike flatworms and similar organisms, their larva seems to have these advanced structures and is lost in the adults. While flatworms may have evolved via progenesis, Xenoturbella could have evolved via reduction. Either way, it looks their ancestors had a body cavity. Xenoturbella is actually placed among the deuterostomes, and must then have evolved from a much more complicated animal, something like Vetulicolia, which had a coelom, gill slits and segmented tail. Quote: "However, the simple body plan of Xenoturbella is neither due to paedomorphy nor to plesiomorphy but to metamorphosis from a complex larva. No living embryos have been observed before. The larvae have alimentary tract, mantle cavity, gills and concentrated nervous system while the adults lack such structures."

Some links and theories about the early bilateral animals:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10629096&dopt=Abstract

http://devbio.umesci.maine.edu/styler/globalworming/platyhelm.htm

http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3746/is_199812/ai_n8818711

http://www.umesci.maine.edu/biology/labs/origin/default.htm

http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4054/is_200302/ai_n9184843

 * Very interesting! I was only vaguely aware, or not aware at all, of the arguments given above.  Is this material in Wiki?  The acoelomata article is quite short.  I haven't pursued this very far (so much to read, so little time). - Dalbury 10:43, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi. No, I haven't found this on Wikipedia. I had it in my mailbox from one late evening when I was surfing and found much interesting stuff about early animals. And when I first was writing something on the discussion board about a related subject, it seemed like a good idea to post them here. Maybe I could write an article one day, but it could be a little difficult since English is not my mother language. So if anyone reads it and wish to write an article or two on the subject themselves, that would be just fine with me. And if not, at least it is fun to read what already is written.

Another comment about flatworms. They are all hermaphrodites with internal fertilization. If our common ancestors really had belonged to the flatworms, we should all be hermaphrodites with internal fertilization, which is not the case. Yet it is strange that internal fertilization has evolved quite often among those without coelom or pseudocoelom. The cells in the body of small animals like nematodes can get bigger, but the number is normally stable throughout their whole life, and is in a sense a dead end in evolution. These traits and their small size must because of this be secondary evolved. This becomes even more clear when we see other small animals as tardigrada and some mites. The old picture of bilaterian evolution as acoelomates, then pseudocoelomates and finally coelomates (and then segmented coelomates), seems artificial. All the new information about animal information is pretty exciting. Just too bad there is often too little information about them for the moment. But since everything is very new this will hopefully change in the near future.

Some more about one of the animals mentioned above: http://pharyngula.org/images/deuterostome_phylogeny.jpg http://pharyngula.org/index/weblog/comments/spectacular_echinoderms_from_the_lower_cambrian/

About Vetulicolia it was predicted many years ago such an animals once had excisted. "Many years ago, the famous American palaeontologist Alfred Sherwood Romer argued that the ancestor of the fish must be a composite animal, constructed of two sections: a large anterior with gill slits, and an elongated and segmented tail." http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/Evolution/once_we_were_worms.htm

It is very interested that the body was divided into two sections; a segmented tail with strong muscles and a nerve cord, and a soft "bag" in front that contained the inner organs and the gill slits. In the lancelet and the craniata, the tail continued to evolve and grow forward until the "bag" was enclosed in it. In fish, it is the "bag" we are throwing away while we eat the "tail" which is the rest of the muscular body. In tunicates the opposite happened. The "bag" became dominant while the tail disappeared in the adult (plus they have a lot of other adaptations, like the loss of segmentation, the cellulose-like material, the reduction of the coelom and the big hollow "room" inside them where they filter the water). This means that instead of vertebrates evolved from the larval form of tunicates, it is the larval form of tunicates (which indeed is divided into two parts) that most resembles the common ancestor of both vertebrates and tunicates, which from that origin have evolved into two opposite directions.

 * With regard to tunicates, there are also the larvacea, which appear to be neotenous urochordates. I'm not sure what Vernanimalcula has to do with all this, however.  The published microphotographs of Vernanimalcula show no signs of segmentation.  In fact, the animal was little more than a bag with a mouth, a gut, a coelom, and an anus.  We do not yet know if Vernanimalcula had a larval form.  As the Doushantuo formation is reported to be rich in fossils of larvae and eggs, perhaps a larval form of Vernanimalcula will be identified. - Dalbury 17:07, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I shouldn't have called larvacea neotenous, but they do retain the trunk-and-tail structure. - Dalbury 18:31, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

---

Holding on to the larval stage the rest of their life is as you know a secondary adaptation among the larvacea, and is an expection to the rule.

You are right, the Vernanimalcula don't have much to do with tunicates of Vetulicolia, and it shows no signs of segmentation. Segmentation and a bigger size came later in the evolustionary history it seems, but it still happened such a long time ago that it could be that most of or all the animals alive today are the descendants of a relatively big and segmented animal. Just as all the amniotes today came from an amphibian ancestor, even if the amphibians in their turn came from a fishy ancestor.

This only repeats what is already said, but it is still fascinating:

"Since fossils of larger bilaterians appear in the fossil record soon after Vernanimalcula's, it indicates that internal complexity in animals came before increased size."

http://www.uwm.edu/News/PR/05.09/fossils.html

The reason I mentioned them was because Vernanimalcula are older than the flatworms, and still have a coelom, which flatworms don't have. So they must have lost it, and I posted some theories about the loss of a coelom as an argument about why it must have been a primary feature among the first bilaterians (and I wonder why it evolved in the first place, what role it had). And obvious the last common ancestor must have looked very different from the modern animals, but how? The earliest known bilaterian and the last common ancestor to the modern forms (which evolved later) could very well be two different animals.

 * Yes. Vernanimalcula pushes back the appearance of coelomate bilaterians, but leaves unanswered the questions of where did it come from, and how does it relate to the Cambrian phyla. - Dalbury 10:59, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

And so I tried to find information about how it could have looked. Bilateria can be divided into two groups; protostomes and deuterostomes. And according to newer research, deuterostomy is probably the ancestral condition of the modern Bilateria from which protostomy evolved (just once) a while after it branched off in its own direction (except from the arrow worms, who seems to come from animals that are from the same branch as the protostomes, but who split from it before the protostomian transformation). If this is true, the last common form must have been a deuterostomian. But how did the oldest deuterostomes look? The oldest finds of deuterostomes are the group Vetulicolia, relatively big and with segmentation. Is this the closest thing we can come to the ancient form that gave rise to us all, or are Vetulicolia an early specialised sidebranch? It looks like it has all the anatomical details from which the other deuterostomes could have evolved, indicating that it in any case is very primitive and have inherited these traits from an even older ancestor. Could it be from such an origin all the present bilaterian animals (or more precise, their ancestors) have evolved? Only more fossils can give the answer to that.

Maybe is the forum for Vernanimalcula not the best place to discuss this, but since it already is here...

Back to Vernanimalcula. With such very small, fragile and soft animals, no wonder it is so hard to find fossil evidence of early pre-cambrian creatures, especially with an advanced anatomy if this is how the first complicated animals looked like. And it takes time to evolve complex structures, the Vernanimalcula is only telling the minimum age where we can say for sure when they existed. I think it is safe to say that similar animals probably evolved and existed millions of years before these finds, the fossils are just not discovered yet. As you say, the first of them were little more than a small bag with a mouth, a gut, a coelom, and an anus. There are limits on how much variation this anatomy can allow, so its ancestors did probably not look that much different (but you never knows). The biggest mystery is why very small and tiny animals would evolve these advanced and complicated traits. Flatworms and jellyfish are much bigger and much simpler, and are doing just fine. They don't need to be more complicated than what they already are to survive and thrive. Perhaps is it all a result of some very early examples on exaptation?

 * This is fascinating. I also think there is a lot of material that can be used in Wiki articles.  I haven't explored this subject very far in Wiki, but I think a project to create and organize articles related to the early development of the animalia would be appropriate.  Would you be interested in a collaboration? - Dalbury 10:59, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

It could be interesting to see some articles about the subject. But since all the information I have about this comes from other articles found on the net, it would have to be based on what already is available (even if it is not hear on wikipedia). I could try to find some info and come with some thoughts.

 * The best sources will be the science journals, but many of them require a subscription to access on-line. I'll see if I can get to the library to do some research.  - Dalbury 11:25, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Sorry for late reply. I don't know how long articles you had in mind, but most of the information I had available are already posted. Further information would have to come from more free articles in the net.
 * OK. Maybe I'll have a chance later to go to a library that keeps back issues of Science and Nature, and see what I can find.  - Dalbury 20:13, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

I've added some somewhat deflating comments about the importance of this fossil, whilst still attempting to maintain NPOV. My PERSONAL opinion is that it is almost totally artefactual!

Grahbudd 18:56, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I find it easier to believe that the object imaged at is a fossil of an animal, than that it is an artefact. -- Donald Albury 12:17, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

Identity of fossil
There is quite a debate about the real identity of the type fossil of Vernanimalcula, so here are my possibilities. Take these possibilities in serious consideration. -In seriousness, Sneaky Oviraptor18talk edits tribute 19:09, 10 December 2008 (UTC)
 * It could be an animal, but maybe an embryo
 * It could be an adult bileratan
 * It could be algae
 * It could be petrified wood dug up, and then put somewhere else and put in a different layer of strata
 * It could be a rock or crystal formation

 * For goodness' sake, this is not a discussion forum. It is not up to wikipedians to take alternative explanations into consideration, only to report on what scientists say and what the scientific consensus is. Go write a scientific article and try to have it published if you think you know better than the scientists. Fedor (talk) 06:48, 17 March 2011 (UTC)

Questionable premise
Maybe it's a bad picture or something, but I'm having a hard time finding a front or back to this thing. It does not look bilateral at all. Could someone honestly show me where the single line of symmetry should be? The Mysterious El Willstro (talk) 05:00, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vernanimalcula


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Security Council of Japan

The Security Council (安全保障会議) of Japan was the nine-person national security council which advises the prime minister on national security and the military and deals with a wide spectrum of issues which indirectly affect Japan's broader interests, including basic national defense policy, the National Defense Program Outline, the outline on coordinating industrial production and other matters related to the National Defense Program Outline, including decisions on diplomatic initiatives and defense operations.

Like its predecessor, the National Defense Council, the SC had problems with its mandate, structure, secretariat and functions, but it was considered an improvement for its ability to coordinate with parts of the Japanese governments by conducting half a dozen meetings frequently.

History
It was created on July 1, 1986, to replace the NDC during Yasuhiro Nakasone's term as prime minister. The NDC acted as an advisory group on defense-related matters since 1956 and was plagued with shortcomings on managing daily defense issues and doing crisis management. Then Japanese National Security Advisor Yuriko Koike pointed out Japanese bureaucracy is an obstacle to have a robust security regime.

In January 2007, it was reported that a new national security body would be set up to eventually replace the SC with the aim of speeding up decision making on national security matters.

It was superseded by the Japanese National Security Council set up by Shinzo Abe in December 2013.

Membership
The Security Council was presided over by the Prime Minister and includes the Ministers of State who were specified in advance under Article 9 of the Cabinet Law; the Foreign Minister, the Finance Minister, the Chief Cabinet Secretary, the Minister for Defense, the Chairman of the National Public Safety Commission, and the Director General of the Economic Planning Agency.

The Chairman of the Security Council may invite the Chairman of the Joint Staff Council or another relevant State Minister or Official to attend meetings.

title: Security Council of Japan


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Aranguren

Aranguren is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

title: Aranguren


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Apna Hi Ghar Samajhiye

Apna Hi Ghar Samajhiye (Make Yourself at Home) was a BBC television and radio programme, presented in Hindustani, with the aim of helping immigrants from South Asia to the United Kingdom to become integrated.

The programme was announced on 4 October 1965.

Television programme
The first episode was broadcast at 9am on Sunday 10 October 1965 as "In Logon Se Miliye" meaning "Let Me Introduce You". In January 1966 this was altered to Apna Hi Ghar Samajhiye meaning "Make Yourself at Home". In 1966 it was presented by Mahendra Kaul, with Saleem Shahed. The theme song was composed and sung by Pandit Shiv Dayal Batish. In November 1968 there was another title change to Nai Zindagi Naya Jeevan, meaning "New Way, New Life". This was then replaced in June 1982 with Asian Magazine which ran until April 1987 which, along with companion programme Gharbar, ended ahead of the launch of a new single Saturday afternoon programme Network East in July 1987.

Radio programme
The first episode was broadcast on the same day on the BBC Home Service. It continued to be broadcast on BBC Radio 4 until 28 December 1986 and throughout its 20 years on air it was called Apna Hi Ghar Samajhiye.

title: Apna Hi Ghar Samajhiye


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Talk:Democrat

Merge
Merge into Democratic Party, with a link at the top of the page to democracy. -Silence 11:15, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Democrat
Since "Democrat" redirects here, I was wondering if it would be relevant to reference "Democrat" being used as a political epithet in the US, leading to this article: Democrat Party (phrase). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.250.222.195 (talk) 00:10, 22 March 2010 (UTC)

Jewish Community
This article should include that Jews are more Democratic because of their emphasis on community. EugeneKantarovich (talk) 03:09, 27 May 2010 (UTC)

 * This isn't an article, it's a disambiguation page, intended only to enable a reader to navigate to the article they want. A discourse on the political bias of Jewish people has no place here. I suspect you want Democratic Party (United States), though be warned – you're going to need to be able to back up your claim with reliable sources.  --Ibn (talk) 06:44, 27 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Democrat


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Arano, Navarre

Arano is a village and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

title: Arano, Navarre


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Cambrian Coast Express

The Cambrian Coast Express is an old named passenger train of the Great Western Railway (GWR), and later British Rail, running from London Paddington via Shrewsbury to Aberystwyth and Pwllheli over the Cambrian Line.

GWR era
Prior to amalgamation with the GWR in 1923, the line beyond Buttington Junction near Welshpool was owned and operated by the Cambrian Railways and passengers from England normally changed to a Cambrian Railways train at Shrewsbury. But in July and August 1921, the GWR ran a daily through express from Paddington to Aberystwyth and Pwllheli.

The first official use of the name Cambrian Coast Express was in 1927 when the train ran only on summer Fridays and Saturdays. By 1939 the through train was running only on summer Saturdays. It left London Paddington at 10:20 with calls at Leamington Spa, Birmingham Snow Hill, and Wolverhampton Low Level which was reached at 12:44. Here, owing to weight restrictions over the Cambrian line, the GWR Castle Class 4-6-0 locomotive was changed for two GWR Duke Class 4-4-0 engines or for a GWR Manor Class 4-6-0 for the non-stop run to Welshpool using the Shrewsbury Abbey Foregate curve (to avoid a stop and reversal of direction at Shrewsbury). Beyond Welshpool, calls were made at Machynlleth, Dovey Junction and Borth to reach Aberystwyth at 15:55, a total of 5 hours 35 minutes for the 235 mi journey from London. In the reverse direction the journey was 25 minutes longer, at six hours; departing Aberystwyth at 10:00 with an additional stop at Newtown, but with otherwise unchanged station calls, and locomotive change at Wolverhampton. The train became the 14:00 departure from Birmingham to arrive at Paddington at 16:00.

British Rail era
After World War II, the Cambrian Coast Express was re-introduced on Saturdays only and its seasonal operation continued under British Rail, usually with through coaches to both Aberystwyth and Pwllheli. By 1957 it was running every day except Sundays all year round. During the summer timetable, it was usually hauled by a "King" class locomotive as far as Wolverhampton where there would be an engine change, usually to a "Castle" class locomotive which took the train on to Shrewsbury where there was a second engine change as Castles were outside the loading gauge for the Cambrian line.

Two engine changes in such a short distance was obviously inefficient and following gauge testing with 6006 "King George I" in the spring of 1958, a King worked the train through from Paddington to Shrewsbury from the start of the 1958 summer timetable. At Shrewsbury the train would be split into two sections, one for Aberystwyth and one for Pwllheli. The King would return to Paddington with one of the regular Birkenhead-Paddington expresses later that afternoon.

In the up direction, the two sections would run independently as far as Wolverhampton, with the Pwllheli section using the Abbey Foregate triangle to omit the stop at Shrewsbury. The two sections would then be combined at Wolverhampton. The motive power for each of the two sections was usually a "Manor" class 4-6-0 or "Dukedog" 4-4-0, the latter of which were often double-headed.

The winter timetable arrangements were similar, except that following the arrival of the King with the down train at Shrewsbury, some coaches would be detached and the train taken forward as far as Machynlleth before being divided. These arrangements were mirrored for the up train with a Castle taking the train through from Shrewsbury to Paddington.

The train last ran in 1991, by which time it had long since transferred its London terminus to Euston, operating as an extension to the regular-interval service over the West Coast Main Line between London and Wolverhampton. In the winter 1989-1990 timetable, it left London at 15:40, arriving Aberystwyth 21:00; the return working left Aberystwyth at 07:13, arriving London Euston at 12:24. There were no longer any through coaches to the northern part of the Cambrian Line: passengers for stations to Pwllheli had to change at Machynlleth.

The Cambrian
The Cambrian Coast Express name was revived in summer 2006 by Arriva Trains Wales, as a tourist steam service which ran from Machynlleth to Porthmadog or Pwllheli. In 2007, it was taken over by West Coast Railways and rebranded The Cambrian. In 2010 it was cancelled by Network Rail due to the installation of a trial signalling system ERTMS.

title: Cambrian Coast Express


text:
Arantza

Arantza is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

title: Arantza


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Scouting/Philmont Scout Ranch task force

Some Wikipedians have formed a project to better organize information in articles related to the Philmont Scout Ranch. This page and its subpages contain their suggestions; it is hoped that this project will help to focus the efforts of other Wikipedians. If you would like to help, please inquire on the talk page.

Members

 * Chris 07:38, 8 August 2007 (UTC) PhilStaffer 1991 (so yes, I wore the pickle shirt) :)
 * — Dan | Talk
 * Dustimagic
 * Johntex -Coordinator
 * Solarusdude
 * Zybthranger
 * North8000 (talk) 15:43, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Philmonte101

Scope and Goals
This WikiProject aims to establish:

A method for establishing and reviewing articles has not been developed yet.
 * 1) A method of organizing all Philmont related articles.
 * 2) Clear links between articles.

Status of Philmont Scout Ranch Articles
Check Category:Philmont Scout Ranch to see that all articles under this project are listed in that category.

Scouting Wikiproject Banner
The Scouting Wikiproject banner has an optional Philmont-task-force line. If you find an article within our scope, without this line, please add it. Remember to remove the obsolete Philmont WikiProject banner when doing so.

Userboxes
Wikipedia:WikiProject Scouting/Userboxes/Philmont

Wikipedia:WikiProject Scouting/Userboxes/Roving Outdoor Conservation School


text:
2007 Rugby World Cup – Americas qualification

In qualification for the 2007 Rugby World Cup, 19 countries in the Pan American Rugby Association (PARA) compete for 3 direct entries and 1 repechage place (Repechage 1) against the winner of Africa 2 v Europe 4.

Qualification Process
It was the 2005 NACRA Rugby Championship with Caribbean teams. Nine teams involved The winner going through to Round 3b.
 * Round 1a

CONSUR (Confederation Sudamericana de Rugby) 2nd Division. One pool of four teams - winner progresses to round 2.
 * Round 1b

Bottom two CONSUR Division 1 teams, plus winner of Round 1b, form one pool of three. Winner progresses to Round 3a.
 * Round 2

Top two CONSUR Division 1 teams, plus winner of Round 2, form one pool of three. Winner progresses directly to RWC 2007 as Americas 1. Runner up progresses to Round 4.
 *  Round 3a

USA, Canada and winner of Round 1a form one pool of three. Winner progresses directly to RWC 2007 as Americas 2. Runner up progresses to Round 4.
 * Round 3b

Home and away playoff. Winner qualifies for RWC 2007 as Americas 3. Runner up enters Repechage round.
 * Round 4

Round 1a - 2005
Barbados - advances to Round 3b.

Preliminary qualifier
''One-off match. St Lucia progress to South Pool.''

South Pool
Barbados go into playoff vs winner of North Pool (Bahamas).

Final Standings

Match Schedule

North Pool
Bahamas beat Cayman Islands on head to head to win pool, go into playoff against winner of South Pool (Barbados).

Final Standings

Match Schedule

Playoff - Winner North Pool vs Winner South Pool
Barbados progresses to Round 3b.

Round 1b - 2004
''CONSUR 2nd Division. Home OR Away basis. Brazil progresses to Round 2.''

Final Standings

Match Schedule

Round 2 - 2005
''Home OR Away basis. Chile progresses to Round 3a.''

Final Standings

Match Schedule

Round 3a – July 2006
''Home OR Away basis. Argentina progresses directly to RWC 2007 as Americas 1. Uruguay progresses to Round 4. ''

Current Standings

Match Schedule

Round 3b – July 2006
''Home OR Away basis. Canada progresses directly to RWC 2007 as Americas 2. USA progresses to Round 4.''

Final Standings

Match Schedule

Round 4 – 2006
''Winner (USA) progresses directly to RWC 2007 as Americas 3. Runner up (Uruguay) progresses to Repechage round as Americas 4, to play the winner of Africa 2 v Europe 4, for Repechage 1.''

Match Schedule

United States win 75–20 on aggregate