text:
Bill Hader

William Thomas Hader Jr. (born June 7, 1978) is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer, and director. He gained widespread attention for his eight-year stint as a cast member on the long-running NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live from 2005 to 2013, for which he received four Primetime Emmy Award nominations and a Peabody Award. He became known for his impressions and especially for his work on the Weekend Update segments, where he played Stefon Meyers, a flamboyant New York City nightclub tour guide.

Hader co-created the HBO dark comedy series Barry (2018–2023) with Alec Berg, in addition to playing the title role as Barry Berkman. He also served as producer, writer and director, for which his efforts garnered him eight Emmy Award nominations for the series. He won two, consecutively, for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series. He is a star and producer of the IFC mockumentary comedy series Documentary Now! (2015–present) along with Fred Armisen and Seth Meyers. He was Emmy-nominated for his guest role in Curb Your Enthusiasm in 2022.

Hader has had supporting roles in the films Hot Rod (2007), Superbad (2007), Forgetting Sarah Marshall (2008), Adventureland (2009) and The BFG (2016), and leading roles in The Skeleton Twins (2014), Trainwreck (2015), and as an adult Richie Tozier in It Chapter Two (2019). He has also done extensive voice work, portraying leading and supporting characters in films such as the Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs franchise (2009–2013), Turbo (2013), the Oscar-winning original Inside Out (2015), The Angry Birds Movie (2016) and its 2019 sequel, Power Rangers (2017) and Toy Story 4 (2019).

Early life and education
Hader was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, on June 7, 1978, the son of dance teacher Sherri Renee (née Patton; b. 1956) and air cargo company owner, restaurant manager, truck driver, and occasional stand-up comedian William Thomas Hader (b. 1953). He has two younger sisters, Katie and Kara. His ancestry includes Danish, English, German and Irish. He attended Patrick Henry Elementary School, Edison Junior High and Cascia Hall Preparatory School.

Hader grew up with writer Duffy Boudreau, with whom he later collaborated. He says he "had a hard time focusing in class" and "was always joking around". Feeling he did not fit in, Hader filled his time watching movies and reading. He appreciated Monty Python, British comedy, and the films of Woody Allen and Mel Brooks, much of which his father showed him. He made short films with friends and starred in a school production of The Glass Menagerie. He was unable to gain admission to top film schools because of his "abysmal" grades, so he enrolled at The Art Institute of Phoenix, and later Scottsdale Community College. Hader's first job was as a Christmas tree salesman. He was also an usher at a Tempe cinema, where he could see films for free, but was fired for spoiling the ending of Titanic (1997) for unruly viewers. At Scottsdale Community College, he met Nicholas Jasenovec, who later directed Paper Heart (2009). In May 2024, Hader gave the commencement speech for Chapman College's graduating class and received an honorary P.h.D.

1999–2004: Early career
Hader's aspirations of becoming a filmmaker eventually led him to drop out of college and move to Los Angeles in 1999. His parents supported his decision, and let him use the money they had saved for his education for his living expenses. He found work as a production assistant (PA) while scouring the back pages of The Hollywood Reporter, and hoped to become an assistant director. He spent much of his life as a young man "lonely and underemployed" and large amounts of his time watching movies. He regularly worked 18-hour days as a PA, leaving little time to pursue his creative ambitions. He was a PA on the documentary Empire of Dreams: The Story of the Star Wars Trilogy (2004) and the feature films James Dean (2001), Spider-Man (2002) and Collateral Damage (2002). He was also a post-production assistant on the VH1 reality show The Surreal Life (2003–2006). He was briefly a PA and stage manager on Playboy TV's sexual fantasy show Night Calls, but soon quit as he feared it would disappoint his parents. He eventually quit being a PA altogether after a bad experience while shooting The Scorpion King (2002).

Hader subsequently got a job as a night-time assistant editor at the post-production facility Triage Entertainment. He invested money in his own short film, but was too embarrassed to release it. Shortly thereafter, he and his then-longtime girlfriend broke up. Desperate for a change, he began attending comedy classes with friends at improvisational comedy enterprise the Second City in March 2003. He quickly realized that comedy was the creative outlet he had been looking for, and soon he, his new comedy compatriot Matt Offerman, and their two friends and fellow humor enthusiasts Eric Filipkowski and Mel Cowan formed a sketch comedy group, which they called Animals from the Future, and performed frequently for small audiences at backyard shows in Van Nuys. Matt's brother, actor Nick Offerman, told his wife, Megan Mullally, about them. After attending one of their backyard shows, Mullally told Hader she wanted to discuss him with Lorne Michaels of Saturday Night Live (SNL). After Mullally's recommendation, Hader was invited to fly to New York to audition for SNL producers. He had no material prepared when he was invited to audition, and was nervous and struggled to display his strengths during the audition. This resulted in his spontaneous imitation of an Italian man he had once overheard; the impression later become Vinny Vedecci, the first of his many recurring characters on the show. As a result of the audition, Hader got an agent and manager. Just before he was invited to work on SNL, he worked as an assistant editor on Iron Chef America.

2005–2013: Breakthrough and Saturday Night Live
Hader was hired as a featured player and made his debut on the show on October 1, 2005. His first role was as a psychologist giving his views about life and death during the emergency landing of JetBlue Airways Flight 292. He felt he had gone from "preschool to Harvard." He became the "impressions guy", hoping to fill a utility-player role "like his hero Phil Hartman". Hader has said that he performed impersonations of teachers and friends when he was growing up but did not do impersonations of famous people until his Saturday Night Live audition. His list of impressions includes Vincent Price in the Variety Vault sketches, Keith Morrison, Harvey Fierstein, Al Pacino, Rick Perry, John Malkovich, James Carville, Julian Assange, Eliot Spitzer, Alan Alda, Clint Eastwood, and Charlie Sheen. On July 19, 2012, Hader received his first nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for his work on SNL. He is the first male SNL cast member to receive this nomination since Eddie Murphy in 1984.

Among the characters Hader played was Stefon, Weekend Update's flamboyant New York City correspondent, whose recommendations consisted solely of bizarre nightclubs involving nightmarish characters, and was in love with and married to Seth Meyers. Stefon was originally a one-shot character on a season-34 sketch where a screenwriter named David Zolesky (played by Ben Affleck) invited his estranged brother Stefon over to pitch a family-friendly sports drama about a college student who bonded with his grandfather so he could try out for the college football team. He was based on two people SNL writer John Mulaney and Hader met: a wannabe club owner who always invited Mulaney to weird underground clubs, and a barista Hader met who looked, spoke and dressed like Stefon.

Hader made his film debut in the comedic film You, Me and Dupree (2006). The following year he took numerous roles including a supporting role as Officer Slater alongside Seth Rogen's Office Michaels in the Greg Mottola directed Superbad (2007). His role in Superbad helped boost his public awareness and allowed him to appear on mainstream programs like Total Request Live, The Tonight Show, and MTV's Video Music Awards. Other roles that year included as Katherine Heigl's character's editor at E! in the Judd Apatow directed comedy Knocked Up, the acid-taking mechanic Dave in Hot Rod alongside SNL castmate Andy Samberg, and a recumbent biker in The Brothers Solomon starring Will Arnett and Will Forte.

Hader worked as a creative consultant, producer, and voice actor on South Park, beginning in the series' 12th season. His involvement in the series stems from his friendship with Matt Stone; the two held a similar sense of humor and Hader began going on writers' retreats with the staff. He began working on the program hoping to learn story structure. Hader is among the series producers to win the 2009 Emmy Award for Best Animated Series. He also appeared on the commentary recorded for the 2009 Blu-ray edition of South Park: Bigger, Longer and Uncut, and the Comedy Central special 6 Days to Air, a documentary filmed during production of the 2011 South Park episode "HumancentiPad". Hader rejoined the writing staff for South Park for its 17th season. Hader won a 2008 Peabody Award in Political Satire for his participation in Saturday Night Live. He also appeared on the MTV prank series Punk'd and voiced an array of characters on the second season of the Adult Swim animated series Xavier: Renegade Angel. He also made several short films, including Back in the Day, Sounds Good to Me: Remastering the Sting, and The Jeannie Tate Show, with SNL writer Liz Cackowski and then-wife Maggie Carey.

In 2008, Hader starred in, and cowrote with Simon Rich, the web series The Line on Crackle. Hader lent his voice to the audiobook of Sarah Vowell's The Wordy Shipmates. Also in 2008, Hader appeared on Tim and Eric Awesome Show impersonating the recurring character James Quall on the episode "Jazz". He appeared in two other Apatow projects: Forgetting Sarah Marshall  and Pineapple Express. He also starred alongside Ben Stiller, Robert Downey, Jr. and Tom Cruise in the action comedy Tropic Thunder. Hader re-teamed with Superbad director Greg Mottola in the comedy films Adventureland (2009) and Paul (2011). He lent his voice to his first video game role in Grand Theft Auto IV, which also featured his SNL castmates Jason Sudeikis and Fred Armisen.

Hader and SNL castmate Seth Meyers penned a Spider-Man one-off entitled The Short Halloween. It was illustrated by Kevin Maguire and came out May 29, 2009. It was given three and a half out of five stars by Benjamin Birdie of Comic Book Resources. He made a small appearance in the 2009 comedy film Year One, with Jack Black and Michael Cera. Hader lent his voice to the Sony Pictures Animation film Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, as well as its 2013 sequel, playing the lead role of Flint Lockwood as well as his invention in the films, the FLDSMDFR. He voiced a gazelle in Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs and appeared in the fantasy film Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian in 2009 as Major General George Armstrong Custer. In April 2009, Hader was a part of Vanity Fair list of "Comedy's New Legends".

Hader took on the voice role of Professor Impossible on the fourth season of The Venture Brothers (2010–2013), a part originated by Stephen Colbert. He voiced the Pod in the Aqua Teen Hunger Force episode "IAMAPOD", as well as Hitler in the episode "Der Inflatable Fuhrer". Hader played Kevin, Matt Damon's copilot, in the live episode of 30 Rock, recorded October 14, 2010. He portrayed "The Voice" in the action-comedy film Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010), the disembodied voice that pops up during certain moments of the film's video game-inspired fight scenes. He also had a small cameo as the voice of the USS Vengeance computer in the science fiction film Star Trek Into Darkness (2013).

From 2011 to 2014, Hader hosted Essentials, Jr. on Turner Classic Movies. Hader received the gig after he was a guest programmer with host Robert Osborne who was impressed by Hader's eclectic choices, such as Billy Wilder's 1943 Five Graves to Cairo (1943), Robert Altman's 1970 Brewster McCloud (1970), and Akira Kurosawa's Rashomon (1950). TCM asked him if he would like to host its summer Essentials Jr. showcase that introduces younger audiences to seminal movies from the golden age of Hollywood and international cinema. He was chosen because Hader has a "certain energy and appeal to younger people. He is very passionate about the subject. He isn't just reading a teleprompter. He really cares and knows the movies." During the Essentials, Jr. program, Hader handpicked 13 films (one a week) to screen for the whole family each of those four years. The films he chose included Singin' in the Rain (1952), Bringing Up Baby (1938), The Band Wagon (1953), and The Lavender Hill Mob (1951) and King Kong (1933).

Hader was the guest star in the series premiere of the comedy series The Mindy Project, where he played as Mindy's ex-boyfriend Tom McDougall. His character returned later in the first season. Hader voiced Dr. Malocchio in the Hulu animated comedy series The Awesomes. In 2013, Hader replaced Robert Downey, Jr., as the voice of Mr. Peanut. Hader decided to leave SNL after eight seasons, informing cast and crew of his decision in February 2013. He came to the conclusion that he needed to leave when his then-wife and he were constantly having to travel to Los Angeles for work, which made it difficult for their children. His final episode was on May 18, 2013. "It was a hard decision, but it has to happen at some point," he told reporters. "It got to a point where I said, 'Maybe it's just time to go.'" On October 11, 2014, Hader returned as host with musical guest Hozier and on March 17, 2018, with musical guest Arcade Fire.

2014–present: Film roles and Barry
Hader starred in a dramatic role in the 2014 film The Skeleton Twins, opposite Kristen Wiig, with whom he worked on Saturday Night Live. The film won for 'Best Screenplay' at the Sundance Film Festival. In 2015, Hader voiced the character of Fear in the Disney/Pixar film Inside Out, and was attached to voice a dinosaur in the Pixar film The Good Dinosaur. However, Hader, alongside John Lithgow, Lucas Neff, Neil Patrick Harris, and Judy Greer, left the project after their characters were redesigned. In 2015, Hader appeared in Brooklyn Nine-Nine as Captain Seth Dozerman of the 99th Precinct. Also in 2015, Hader reunited with fellow SNL alumni Fred Armisen and Seth Meyers for the IFC mockumentary series Documentary Now!, wherein he was an actor and a writer.

In December 2015, Drew McWeeny of HitFix reported that the voice of BB-8 in Star Wars: The Force Awakens was supplied by Hader and Ben Schwartz, both credited as "BB-8 vocal consultants" in the film. The voice was created by Abrams manipulating their voices through a talkbox, attached to an iPad running a sound-effects app. Hader also voiced multiple characters in YouTube channel Bad Lip Reading's parodies of the Star Wars original trilogy. Hader also played a minor supporting role in The Lonely Island's 2016 film Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping, produced by Judd Apatow. Hader had his first leading man role in the romantic-comedy opposite Amy Schumer in Trainwreck (2015) and continued in these romantic roles as a former college boyfriend to best friend of Greta Gerwig's title character in Maggie's Plan (2015). Hader voiced Alpha 5 in the 2017 film version of Power Rangers.

In 2018, Hader co-created (with Alec Berg) and began starring in the HBO dark comedy series Barry, for which he received eight Primetime Emmy Award nominations as producer, writer, director, and actor. He won Emmys for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series in both 2018 and 2019 and received consecutive nominations for Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series and Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series for its first two seasons. In 2019, Hader starred in the supernatural horror film It: Chapter Two as Richie Tozier (sharing the role with Finn Wolfhard), alongside Jessica Chastain, Bill Skarsgård, Isaiah Mustafa, Jay Ryan, James Ransone, and James McAvoy. Hader received acclaim for his performance. In 2019, he voiced Leonard in The Angry Birds Movie 2, Axel the Carnie in Toy Story 4, The Wanderer in 4 episodes of The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance, and played Nick Kringle in Noelle.

In June 2023, Hader was invited to become a member of The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. That same year he had a cameo role as a UPS driver in the Ari Aster directed surrealist tragicomedy Beau is Afraid (2023) starring Joaquin Phoenix. Aster said of his casting, "We're friends. I was looking for a place to put him and [that] felt like the funniest, the most effective possible place. I love his performance in the film. It's a covert performance. A lot of people don't know that's him on the phone when they first see it. But it's a great performance.". In March 2024, it was announced that Hader will star in the upcoming animated remake of the Dr. Seuss children's book The Cat in the Hat, in which he will voice the titular character and serve as an executive producer. The film will also star Quinta Brunson, Xochitl Gomez, and Bowen Yang. Hader and Mindy Kaling did not return to voice their roles as Fear and Disgust in Inside Out 2 reportedly due to pay disputes. Tony Hale and Liza Lapira replaced Hader and Kaling in taking over their respective roles.

Influences
Hader has said that his comedy influences included Woody Allen,  Monty Python, Alan Alda, Mel Brooks and Eddie Murphy.

Marriage and relationships
Hader married writer and director Maggie Carey in 2006; they have three daughters. They divorced in 2018. Hader later dated actress Rachel Bilson, with whom he had co-starred in The To Do List, and actress Anna Kendrick. As of April 2023, he has been in a relationship with comedian and actress Ali Wong.

Interests
Hader is an avid reader who has said that he "didn't really go to college, which is probably why [he] enjoy[s] reading the classics". He named works by Tobias Wolff, Fyodor Dostoevsky, William Faulkner, Richard Ford, George Saunders, and Jun'ichirō Tanizaki as influences. He is a fan of the Chicago Cubs. He is also an avid film fan enjoying films of the Golden Age of Hollywood as well as films directed by the Coen Brothers, Stanley Kubrick, and Akira Kurosawa.

Health issues
Hader has an anxiety disorder. During his tenure on Saturday Night Live, he had anxiety and sleep problems. He never felt "truly comfortable" during his first four seasons. He worried that he had less comedy experience than his peers, would often not sleep on Fridays before the show, and felt lightheaded before broadcasts. He was neurotic about his performances, and he called his early appearances "rigid". During the final show of 2010, he began having a panic attack, live on air, while impersonating Julian Assange. He recalled: "It felt like someone was sitting on my chest. I couldn't breathe, I started sweating. I thought, This is not good—abort! abort!" Lorne Michaels tried to put him at ease after the incident by telling him, "You can work here as long as you want." Hader is prone to migraines. When he suffered one live on air, Jason Sudeikis had to guide him on and offstage as he could not see anything. He has a severe peanut allergy.

title: Bill Hader


text:
Cabrerets

Cabrerets (Languedocien: Crabairet) is a commune in the Lot department in southwestern France.

The village of Cabrerets derives its name from cabre, meaning goat in the Occitan language.

Geography
The village lies at the confluence of the rivers Sagne and Célé, at the foot of the Rochecourbe cliffs. The village also forms part of the pilgrimage route for those travelling to Santiago de Compostella and is the final stop before Cahors.

History
The overhanging cliffs that dominate the town are home to a ruined castle, built by the English and also known as the château du diable ("devil's castle"). The castle was first mentioned in a document dating from 1259, and was the medieval home of the lords of Barsac. In 1380, during the Hundred Years' War, it fell into the hands of a force from Aquitaine controlled by the English. It was liberated ten years later by Jean d'Hébrard, lord of Saint-Sulpice, who subsequently ordered its demolition.

The nearby Pech Merle cave is home to prehistoric cave paintings, being one of the few prehistoric sites in France which remain open to the general public.

The Château de Cabrerets has been listed since 1996 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. Construction began in the early years of the 16th century.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cabrerets


text:
Talk:Deaths in September 2005

Max A. Goodwin
An anon contributes this:

 * Max Allen Goodwin, 111, American, was the 3rd person to be put in a film in 1907.

Now, the terms of this entry are either nonsense (many hundreds of films made by 1907) or non-notable. However, by precedent, supercentenarians are notable in themselves. Unfortunately, a Google for this man's name returns 0 results; therefore, this entry requires a written source before being listed. Xoloz 19:37, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Deaths in September 2005. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070928004918/http://www.kltv.com/Global/story.asp?S=3881811&nav=1TjD to http://www.kltv.com/Global/story.asp?S=3881811&nav=1TjD
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050930141713/http://www.cnn.com/2005/LAW/09/28/indiana.execution.ap/index.html to http://www.cnn.com/2005/LAW/09/28/indiana.execution.ap/index.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:44, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Deaths in September 2005. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.omaha.com/index.php?u_pg=38&u_sid=1495275
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050930051119/http://eltiempo.terra.com.co/ to http://eltiempo.terra.com.co/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050923225023/http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/departments/syndicates/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001138948 to http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/departments/syndicates/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001138948

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 17:38, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Deaths in September 2005


text:
James Jackson (congressman)

James Jackson (October 18, 1819 – January 13, 1887) was a United States Representative from Georgia, a judge advocate in the American Civil War, and a chief justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia. Jackson was also a trustee of the University of Georgia. He was the son of William Henry Jackson (see Tree That Owns Itself), the grandson of Georgia governor James Jackson, the nephew of Congressman Jabez Young Jackson and first cousin of Howell Cobb.

Jackson was born in Jefferson County, Georgia and named for his famous grandfather. He attended the University of Georgia and graduated in 1837. After passing the bar examination in 1839, he began to practice law in Athens, Georgia. He was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives and served from 1845 to 1849. He concurrently served as judge of the superior court from 1846 to 1859. In 1857, was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth United States Congresses and served from March 4, 1857, until January 23, 1861. With the secession of Georgia from the Union, he resigned from Congress.

Jackson served as judge advocate on the staff of General Stonewall Jackson. After the war he moved to Macon, Georgia to practice law again. In 1875, he was appointed associate justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia and moved to Atlanta, Georgia. He was named as chief justice of the State supreme court in 1880 and served in this position until his death.

title: James Jackson (congressman)


text:
Campine

The Campine (French ) or De Kempen (Dutch ) is a natural region situated chiefly in north-eastern Belgium and parts of the south-eastern Netherlands which once consisted mainly of extensive moors, tracts of sandy heath, and wetlands. It encompasses a large northern and eastern portion of Antwerp Province and adjacent parts of Limburg in Belgium, as well as portions of the Dutch province of North Brabant (area southwest of Eindhoven) and Dutch Limburg around Weert.

The Medieval Latin name Campania, firstly attested in the mid-11th century by a monk of Saint-Trond named Stepelinus, stems from the root kamp- ('field') attached to the suffix -injo, denoting the uncultivated or the virgin fields.

The inhabitants of the Campine region are known as Kempenaars.

Culture
The region, described as a desolate flat land, often appears in the books of the prominent Flemish writer Hendrik Conscience (1812–1883), who spent much of his childhood there. Another author who has written many novels playing in the Campine was Georges Eekhoud (1854–1927). In 1837 Victor Hugo made a journey through Belgium and visited the Campine and the towns of Lier and Turnhout, and wrote about his journey. During the interbellum Felix Timmermans, Ernest Claes, Stijn Streuvels, Jozef Simons and the poet Jozef De Voght wrote about the Belgian Campine. The painters Jakob Smits (1855–1928) and Frans Van Giel (1892–1975) painted many Campine landscapes.

The region is rich in folk tales, such as the stories about the Buckriders (Dutch: Bokkenrijders) and those concerning the gnome king Kyrië (Dutch: Kabouterkoning Kyrië).

The Museum Kempenland in Eindhoven has a considerable and historically important art collection of painters, draughtsmen, sculptors, blacksmiths and other craftsmen from this region. Much of the architectural, agrarian and historical and cultural heritage of the Campine can be visited in the open-air museum of Bokrijk. The old way of living and the Campine dialects have been the topic of scientific research. In the Roman era the name of the region was Toxandria or Taxandria.

Part of the Campine is protected as the Hoge Kempen Nationaal Park (High Campine National Park). It is located in the east of the Belgian province Limburg, between the city of Genk and the Meuse valley and was opened in March 2006. Covering almost 60 km2, it forms part of the Natura 2000 network. The area is mostly heathland and pine forest. In May 2011 it was placed on UNESCO's Tentative List for consideration as a World Heritage Site.

History
The Campine is an area in the Belgian provinces Antwerp, Limburg and the extreme north of the province Flemish Brabant, and in the south of the Dutch province North Brabant. It stretches from the east of the city of Antwerp and towards the west of Eindhoven. Farther east the Campine is in the Groote Peel, a region which is geographically related to the Campine. The south border is formed by the river Demer, and the east border by the valley of the river Meuse. The Campine plateau is part of the Campine region. The Campine Basin, which extends from Belgium into the Netherlands, is formed by the Devonian and Carboniferous sedimentary rocks on the northern flank of the Brabant Massif.

Urbanization
Since it was a region with a poor sandy soil, there are only a few old or large cities in the region. Most of those cities are located at the outer rim of the region, such as Hasselt, Diest, Aarschot, Lier (the self-styled gate of the Campine, a title also claimed by the Northern-Brabant Oirschot), Breda, Tilburg, Eindhoven, Maaseik, and Maastricht. Turnhout is an exception. West of Turnhout clay was used for the production of barge, which is one of the reasons why the Noord-Kempens Canal was dug to Antwerp. Also, the Herentals were an historical industrial center for its textile industry of which the Lakenhal on the main market place is a remaining monument. The printing industry in Turnhout is historically important, with companies such as Brepols and more recently Cartamundi.

19th century
The region was sparsely populated, and therefore chosen by monks who were looking for silence, such as those of the abbeys of Achel, Brecht, Zundert, Postel, Westmalle and Tongerlo. In 1872, the Sablières et Carrières Réunies (SCR), now Sibelco, was founded to extract the silica sand layers in Mol for industrial applications (glass). In 1891, the Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. was founded in Eindhoven (North Brabant). In the 19th and 20th centuries, industry established itself in the region, such as the metallurgy in Balen-Overpelt-Lommel.

20th century
In the 20th century, the first nuclear installation in Belgium, the SCK•CEN, was built in Mol in 1962. The European Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) was founded in Geel in 1957. Pharmaceutical industry was founded in Beerse in the 1960s, with Janssen Pharmaceutica and more recently with Genzyme in Geel. Soudal (silicon) in Turnhout and Ravago (plastics) in Arendonk became leading companies in their markets. Wide open spaces with scarce population also led to the establishment of several military bases, such as the army installations at Leopoldsburg and Brasschaat, and the air bases of Kleine Brogel, Oostmalle, Weelde and Zutendaal.

Due to the exploitation of the Campine coal basin, especially after World War II, new industrial activity was established, such as in Geel, Beringen and Genk. The Belgian village of Dessel is called Heart of the Campine, while Westerlo and Kasterlee are called Pearl of the Campine. The most picturesque villages in the Dutch, Northern-Brabant Campine are Oirschot, Eersel and Hilvarenbeek. The other villages have lost much of their historical elements in their course towards industrialisation. In the Dutch Campine eight villages are located which are known under the name acht zaligheden (E: eight blessed ones). The denomination zaligheden has been borrowed from the sel, which is at the end of the name of seven of these eight villages selligheden).

Environment
In the Campine there are still a number of bunches, marshes, heathlands and pastures. Large areas of the region were also covered with pine which was used for roof props in the coalmines of Wallonia and Limburg. The first pine in the Campine was sown in the Gierlebos in Vosselaar by Adriaan Ghys for Amalia van Solms in 1667. Where the Campine, up to around 1960 includes mainly heathland, oak grove and marsh, these were modified by heavy fertilisation and building activities and were gradually changed into a rather small-scale landscape. Here and there still up to several dozen acres of large heathland - and forests, such as the Kalmthoutse Heide (E: Kalmthout heathland) at Kalmthout, Belgium, the De Maten in Genk, De Zegge (Geel), Zwart Water (Lichtaart), the Zwart Water moors (Turnhout), the Liereman (Oud-Turnhout) and the Prinsenpark (Retie). The natural reserves De Teut in Zonhoven and Ter Haagdoornheide in Houthalen-Helchteren and the Nationaal Park Hoge Kempen. At the border with Belgium in the Dutch part of Campine near Bladel there is natural landscape area with heathland such as Cartierheide and De Pals and Kroonvense Heide. To the North, the area between Boxtel and Oisterwijk is called Kampina. In a number of villages, one can still see the typical Campine langgevelboerderijen (long-facade farms).

Trivia

 * The Kempenaar singer Louis Neefs released the relatively well known song "M'n dorp in de Kempen" ("My village in the Campine") in 1966.
 * SS. La Campine (2,595 GRT), was built by Palmers' SB. & Iron Co., Ltd., Newcastle for F. Speth & Co., Antwerp and sailing for the American Petroleum Company. It was a steamship with auxiliary sails, an early oil tanker that was launched in 1892, and was sunk by U-boat UC 50 in North Sea waters (Doggersbank, 56.00 North - 04.57 East) on March 13, 1917, on its way from Rotterdam to New York City.

title: Campine


text:
Talk:German-American Day

Typo?
Is there a typo here? George H.W. Bush was not elected president until 1988.
 * Perhaps "Vice" president Bush? Or it was instituted by president Reagan?
 * Right. This says that Reagan signed the holiday into law in 1987. I will look for some other sources, to check. Awolf002 22:22, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I removed the HW reference. The first Google hit for "German-American Day" is to a Geocities page that includes a quote from HW at the beginning, and I think some editor read this and got confused.  Tempshill 23:17, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Germany-American Day uses the founding date of Germantown, Pennsylvania which was actually a Dutch settlement?
So, according to this article Germany-American Day uses the founding date of Germantown, Pennsylvania "the first German settlement in the original thirteen American colonies". Looing at the Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania itself it says "Although the town's name indicates otherwise, Germantown was founded not by Germans, but by Dutch settlers[1], augmented with a much smaller number of people from present-day Germany, in 1681.". Ok, now I'm utterly confused. Looking at the history, it seems User:Rex Germanus contributed the majority of information change from "German settlers" to "Dutch settlers" but as I'm not familiar to the topic I can't comment on the reliability of his sources. In any case, it would probably be useful if someone could double-check the information given. Charon X /talk 02:51, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Simplified answer: 300 years ago there was no big distinction between Dutch and German, like there was no one between Canadians and Americans. Dutch groups often included some Germans from the "hinterland"... --188.107.221.249 (talk) 20:13, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

I would add: these families were of Dutch extraction, and were Mennonites who became Quakers. They left Holland partly for religious reasons (believe it or not)and subsequently left Germany for the same reason. Quakers had problems wherever they were, which is why Penn wanted to found his colony and gather them all in. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pibolata (talk • contribs) 14:04, 15 September 2011 (UTC)

proof?
"...the President called on Americans to observe the Day with appropriate ceremonies and activities such as mass parades, pogroms, the creation of comically evil secret polices and a rigid system of total conformity."

This sounds like a Reagan-joke, but is there proof? Regards, Tasmer (talk) 13:17, 6 October 2015 (UTC)

 * Nah, it´s just the common wikipedia-shoah-business - "if it´s sumptin´ gurmun, it must be Nuuuuzi! Muh!" 82.113.106.88 (talk) 13:37, 6 October 2015 (UTC)

Trump
Why are we making a point of noting that Trump proclaimed the date to be German-American Day? By doing so, we imply that between 1987 and 2017, no other president did it. Is that the case? If so, then that should be clearly stated. But if every president has made the proclamation, then there's nothing special about Trump's having done so and it doesn't need to be specifically highlighted. — howcheng  {chat} 20:22, 4 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Obama also made this proclamation, I will remove it as not unique, thanks! Reywas92Talk 21:02, 4 October 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:06, 17 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Mi1180-Concorde.jpg

"There is some debate"
The same source for this:

 * ''The founding of Germantown on October 6, 1683, was to provide the date for German-American Day, though many of the first thirteen Quaker and Mennonite families in Germantown came from the Netherlands rather than from Germany; until 1710, according to linguist Nicoline van der Sijs, "Germantown remained predominantly Dutch".

Is being used to argue that there is "some debate" over the name of Germantown.

 * There is some debate as to whether these people were Dutch rather than German.[11][12]

Debate according to whom, Dutch nationalists? Americans who try to frame things in borders that didn't actually exist in 1680? According to a source with a point of view that is ignoring every known fact? How about the fact that the settlers would have seen themselves as Deitsch, which is neither Deutsch nor Dutch, or the fact that the dialect they would have spoke spread from across these imaginary Dutch Deutsch borders which did not even exist in 1680? Or how about the fact that the Dutch population was up to 60% immigrant from the surrounding regions and "German" hinterland in the first place, and that the settlers in Pennsylvania had first lived in the Netherlands, then located to "Germany" and only then relocated to the United States? This article is pure misinformation and garbage, pot stirring for no reason. Who is questioning this name "Germantown" other than some Dutch-sounding writer who nobody has ever heard of? Why does this have such weight in an article, especially when it appears to be added by a user who has been banned? "Nevertheless" named - as in they ignored this fact and the town took the name anyway? What a bunch of goofy POV-pushing nonsense. But go ahead, revert me. I have better things to do than fix this terrible article on the anniversary of German-American Day, anyway. Glad to know truth about a town's name is whatever some Dutch linguist decides it is.

 * What on earth are you talking about. Look at the more recent version. I don't know what pot you are trying to stir here, or what user you are pointing at, or what, but I'll take the authority of a book written by Nicoline van der Sijs and published by a university press over your musings. Drmies (talk) 01:35, 6 October 2020 (UTC)
 * So a Dutch linguist gets to decide whether there is a "debate' over whether a name is proper for a town? Glad to see you enforce this. Maybe if you took five seconds to scroll up you would see that this issue was addressed and the user appears to be Germanicus Rex. Why would Germantown be "Dutch" if nobody there ever considered themselves "Dutch" and even spoke what we would refer to as "Dutch"? LOL — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.198.28.70 (talk) 01:42, 6 October 2020 (UTC)
 * No, smartass. The Dutch linguist doesn't say there is a debate, which is why I removed it from the text. Instead of me scrolling up for no discernible reason, maybe you should look at the article text more carefully. And yeah, I'll take the Dutch linguist's word for it over yours. Drmies (talk) 01:47, 6 October 2020 (UTC)
 * look at yourself, defending this garbage: the founding of Germantown on October 6, 1683, was to provide the date for German-American Day, though many of the first thirteen Quaker and Mennonite families in Germantown came from the Netherlands rather than from Germany; until 1710, according to linguist Nicoline van der Sijs, "Germantown remained predominantly Dutch". The town was nevertheless named Germantown, as the direct vicinity of the settlement was inhabited by fifty-four German families who had accompanied Johan Printz to the Swedish settlement on the Delaware several years earlier and had resettled themselves.

 * weasel wording like "many" - we can't say how many, but we know there enough, correct? "Remained predominantly Dutch" - when was it ever Dutch to begin with, and who defined it as Dutch? Those people from "Holland" who settled in Germantown had first moved to (what became) Germany, so technically they were not coming from Holland. And, as if that were not enough to call this entire monstrosity into question, they never spoke Dutch, they never considered themselves Dutch, Dutch nationality among the people did not exist, so in what sense did they remain what they never were to begin with? And then this superfluous "nevertheless" to suggest that the naming itself is wrong. I'm not a smartass, I'm frustrated that you are wasting my time when I have much better things to do then point out how ridiculous this is and go through it point by point. Since you have nothing better to do then lurk, revert and sit on Wikipedia all day, please use your knowledge to affix the proper versions of the tags I have added. Good day, thank you for trying to ruin mine.

 * OK, the source says "a number"; I'll be happy to adjust. You want to accuse van der Sijs of weasel words? If you want to wage a discussion over Dutch/Deutsch/Diets, do it somewhere else. And really, "Those people from "Holland" who settled in Germantown had first moved to Germany, so technically they were not coming from Holland"--that's hilarious. First of all, if they were from Holland, they came from Holland. Second, there were Anabaptists all over the Low Countries and Germany, and Menno Simons came from Friesland--the Western (Dutch) part, not the Eastern (German) part, so why you are so insistent in suggesting that "all Mennonites came from Germany" is a mystery to me. Finally, if Van der Sijs says "remained predominantly Dutch", that what we'll have until you come along with a better, printed source. Toodles. Drmies (talk) 02:11, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

 * Oh, i see. So now the issue is not the use of weasel words, but the idea as to whether the source is so untouchable that they should be allowed to be using weasel words. Not surprised to see this on Wikipedia - direct contradiction of their policy, but typical of the monitoring elite in their insistence to simply parrot whatever some random academic says and adopt that as truth, even if it is weasel wording (or, in this case, complete nonsense) First of all, if they were from Holland, they came from Holland. Oh really? I'm sure that was the policy at Ellis Island too and every other immigration office in history, they wanted to know where you were born, not what documents you had (sic). Hope you are having a good laugh of hilarity. After that, you refer to Germany when it did not even exist in 1680. What is Germany in 1680, ace? You have no authority whatsoever, I'll let this article remain your masterwork of garbage. Feel proud.

 * UPDATE: I was going to go, but I see that instead of adding a physical enumerable number, you added "a number of" - do you really think that improved the text and made it any less ?  If you want to wage a discussion over Dutch/Deutsch/Diets, do it somewhere else.  And so some DUTCH linguist should have authority to decide that Dietsch is most certainly Dutch, and therefore the Germans in Pennsylvania at the time in reference are Dutch and that her controversial and fringe view should stand alone and pour over into an article that has nothing to do with that debate at all, but color it, without any consideration for an alternative view? You don't find that a problem? Always just trying to shoo people away and preserve the status quo of whatever it is you say the status quo is - you probably should apply to work at Wikipedia, you'd fit in really well. And why did you add dots to everything? How can you be so new to not know how indenting works, and yet have the attitude and demeanor of a seasoned self-appointed Wikipedia monitor?

title: Talk:German-American Day


text:
ZetaGrid

ZetaGrid was at one time the largest distributed computing project, designed to explore the non-trivial roots of the Riemann zeta function, checking over one billion roots a day.

Roots of the zeta function are of particular interest in mathematics; a single root out of alignment would disprove the Riemann hypothesis, with far-reaching consequences for all of mathematics.

The project ended in November 2005 due to instability of the hosting provider. The first more than 1013 zeroes were checked. The project administrator stated that after the results were analyzed, they would be posted on the American Mathematical Society website. The official status remains unclear, however, as it was never published nor independently verified. This is likely because there was no evidence that each zero was actually computed, as there was no process implemented to check each one as it was calculated.

title: ZetaGrid


text:
User talk:Muncherofspleens

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Qaz  ( talk ) 19:40, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Muncherofspleens


text:
Intertrust Technologies Corporation

Intertrust Technologies Corporation is a software technology company specializing in trusted distributed computing. Intertrust’s product lines consist of a DataOps platform, Application protection and Content protection solutions. Much of Intertrust's digital rights management (DRM) business is based on the Marlin DRM technology, which Intertrust founded along with four consumer electronics companies: Sony, Panasonic, Philips, and Samsung.

Intertrust is headquartered in Silicon Valley and has offices in Tokyo, Seoul, London, Paris, Mumbai, Beijing, Tallinn, Riga and Bangalore.

History
Victor H. Shear received a BA in sociology from Brandeis University, served as chief executive of Data Scientific Corporation from 1982 to 1985, and then co-founded Personal Library Software. Around 1985, Shear attempted to obtain one of the first US patents for software. For example, one patent covered metering and protecting data on a compact disc from 1986.

The company began under the name Electronic Publishing Resources in January 1990. David M. Van Wie became involved with Intertrust in early 1991. Intertrust's technology, called digital rights management (DRM), enabled trusted transactions, from healthcare, enterprise computing to entertainment and consumer electronics. In 1995, the company announced its technology would be used by Novell. Former Bell Labs Fellow David P. Maher became chief technology officer in 1999. In 1996, Electronic Publishing Resources was renamed Intertrust Technologies.

At the peak of the Internet bubble in October 1999, despite a lack of any earnings, Intertrust had its initial public offering. It was listed on the NASDAQ exchange with symbol ITRU. Within six months, the share price rose from $9 to $35, and a secondary offering on April 12, 2000 raised another $92 million.

In 2001, two companies were acquired: PublishOne, Inc., and ZeroGravity Technologies, and Nokia invested $20 million. However, by the end of 2001 losses had climbed to over $115 million a year, and shares were sometimes trading below $1 each. Workforce reductions and office closures were announced in October 2001 and January 2002, which helped to end the losses. In May 2002, further workforce reductions were announced, and marketing and development of software ceased as the company focused on licensing intellectual property. In early 2003, the company became a joint venture of Philips, Sony and Stephens Inc., and Talal Shamoon was appointed as the CEO

In April 2004, Microsoft settled the 2001 lawsuit, and agreed to pay $440 million to license Intertrust’s patents. The week before the settlement, Microsoft and Time Warner announced they had acquired a majority stake in ContentGuard, a company which developed similar software.

In 2006, the company co-founded the Coral Consortium for content interoperability with Fox, Samsung, Sony, Philips, Panasonic and HP.

Intertrust licensed DRM technologies to large technology and media corporations. The company then developed technology called Marlin, with mixed success. The continued emphasis on intellectual property caused the company to be called a "patent troll". Huawei Technologies announced it would license Marlin in 2011. A 2007 venture using Marlin with Pioneer Corporation called SyncTV had an investment from HTC Corporation in 2012.

A public key infrastructure (PKI) service for Marlin called Seacert was announced in 2011.

Between 2008 and 2016, Intertrust invested in companies that developed synergistic technologies.

In 2010, the company entered into a Latvian-based joint venture called whiteCryption that markets application security technologies.

In March, 2013, Intertrust filed a patent suit against Apple Inc. Apple settled the suit in April 2014 for undisclosed terms.

In October 2014, Princeton University professor Robert Tarjan rejoined Intertrust as chief scientist.

In December 2016, the company added two investors, the German utility company Innogy (acquired by E.ON in 2020 ) and the Japan - U.S. venture capital company World Innovation Lab.

In April 2017 the company launched with Google the PatentShield program.

In May 2019, the Australian energy company Origin Energy invested $20 million USD in Intertrust.

In June 2020, the company announced the Intertrust Platform, which has been described as “a complete ecosystem of data security and rights management products”.

title: Intertrust Technologies Corporation


text:
Talk:Dual-monitor

Is this a serious article? I don't think Wikipedia is intended for use as an instruction manual. If this article is to remain I feel it should be changed to describe a dual-monitor setup and list which video cards support it. MuncherOfSpleens 19:41, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Deletion
There is already an article called multi-monitor that covers this topic, this should re-direct to that article

title: Talk:Dual-monitor


text:
Lyulka

Lyulka was a USSR aero engine design bureau and manufacturer from 1938 to the 1990s, when manufacturing and design elements were integrated as NPO Saturn based at Rybinsk. The Lyulka design bureau had its roots in the "Kharkiv Aviation Institute" ( Ukrainian SSR ) where Arkhip Mikhailovich Lyulka was working with a team designing the ATsN (Agregat Tsentralnovo Nadduva - Centralised supercharger) installation on the Petlyakov Pe-8 bomber. Lyul'ka was responsible for designing the first Soviet gas turbine engines. Preferring to steer away from copying captured German equipment, it succeeded in producing home grown engines.

title: Lyulka


text:
Douelle

Douelle (Doèla) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France.

It is a port on the left bank of the river Lot.

The village's history has been closely linked with the transport of local wine, as well as the manufacture of barrels. (The wooden stave of a barrel is named a Douelle).

title: Douelle


text:
Helge Skoog

Helge Skoog (born 6 August 1938 in Borås, Sweden) is a Swedish actor and comedian, who became well known during the 1980s appearing on the TV series Teatersport. During the 2000s (decade), he took part in the TV program Parlamentet.

Skog was married to Busk Margit Jonsson from 1964-1977.

In February–March 2015, he acted as the narrator voice in the TV programme Klockan nio hos stjärnorna.

Filmography

 * 1970 - Baltutlämningen
 * 1976 - Near and Far Away
 * 1981 - Babels hus (TV)
 * 1981 - Beteendelek (TV play)
 * 1984 - Pengarna gör mannen (TV film)
 * 1985 - Skrotnisse och hans vänner (voice actor)
 * 1986 - Fläskfarmen
 * 1986 - Bröderna Mozart
 * 1988 - Allra käraste syster
 * 1989 - T. Sventon praktiserande privatdetektiv
 * 2000 - Jönssonligan spelar högt
 * 2005 - Kommissionen (TV series)
 * 2008–2013 - Halv åtta hos mig (TV series) (narrator)

title: Helge Skoog


text: User talk:199.184.237.243

title: User talk:199.184.237.243


text:
Industrial policy of Japan

The industrial policy of Japan was a complicated system devised by the Japanese government after World War II and especially in the 1950s and 1960s. The goal was to promote industrial development by co-operating closely with private firms. The objective of industrial policy was to shift resources to specific industries in order to gain international competitive advantage for Japan. The policies and methods were used primarily to increase the productivity of inputs and to influence, directly or indirectly, industrial investment.

Administrative guidance (gyōsei shidō 行政指導) is a principal instrument of enforcement used extensively throughout the Japanese government to support a wide range of policies. Influence, prestige, advice, and persuasion are used to encourage both corporations and individuals to work in directions judged desirable. The persuasion is exerted and the advice is given by public officials, who often have the power to provide or to withhold loans, grants, subsidies, licenses, tax concessions, government contracts, import permits, foreign exchange, and approval of cartel arrangements. The Japanese use administrative guidance to buffer market swings, anticipate market developments, and enhance market competition.

Mechanisms used by the Japanese government to affect the economy typically relate to trade, labor markets, competition, and tax incentives. They include a broad range of trade protection measures, subsidies, de jure and de facto exemptions from antitrust statutes, labor market adjustments, and industry-specific assistance to enhance the use of new technology. Rather than producing a broad range of goods, the Japanese selected a few areas in which they could develop high-quality goods to produce in vast quantities at competitive prices. A good example is the camera industry, which since the 1960s has been dominated by Japan.

Historically, there have been three main elements in Japanese industrial development. The first was the development of a highly competitive manufacturing sector. The second was the deliberate restructuring of industry toward higher value-added, high productivity industries. In the late 1980s, these were mainly knowledge-intensive tertiary industries. The third element was aggressive domestic and international business strategies.

Japan has few natural resources and depends on massive imports of raw materials. It must export to pay for its imports, and manufacturing and the sales of its services, such as banking and finance, were its principal means of doing so. For these reasons, the careful development of the producing sector has been a key concern of both government and industry throughout most of the twentieth century. Government and business leaders generally agree that the composition of Japan's output must continually shift if living standards are to rise. Government plays an active role in making these shifts, often anticipating economic developments rather than reacting to them.

After World War II, the initial industries that policy makers and the general public felt Japan should have were iron and steel, shipbuilding, the merchant marine, machine industries in general, heavy electrical equipment, and chemicals. Later, they added the automobile industry, petrochemicals, and nuclear power and, in the 1980s, such industries as computers and semiconductors. Since the late 1970s, the government has strongly encouraged the development of knowledge-intensive industries. Government support for research and development grew rapidly in the 1980s, and large joint government-industry development projects in computers and robotics were started. At the same time, government promoted the managed decline of competitively troubled industries, including textiles, shipbuilding, and chemical fertilizers through such measures as tax breaks for corporations that retrained workers to work at other tasks.

Although industrial policy remained important in Japan in the 1970s and 1980s, thinking began to change. Government seemed to intervene less and become more respectful of price mechanisms in guiding future development. During this period, trade and direct foreign investment were liberalized, tariff and nontariff trade barriers were lowered, and the economies of the advanced nations became more integrated, as the result of the growth of international trade and international corporations. In the late 1980s, knowledge-intensive and high-technology industries became prominent. The government showed little inclination to promote such booming parts of the economy as fashion design, advertising, and management consulting. The question at the end of the 1980s was whether the government would become involved in such new developments or whether it would let them progress on their own.

title: Industrial policy of Japan


text: Category:Italian breads

title: Category:Italian breads


text: User:MuncherOfSpleens

title: User:MuncherOfSpleens


text:
Parbati River (Rajasthan)

Parbati River is a river in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, India that flows into the Chambal River. The river rises at a height of 610 m in the Vindhya range in Sehore district Madhya Pradesh And flows in Sehore District, Rajgarh District, Guna District of Madhya Pradesh and then enters in Rajasthan and flows from Baran District and Sawai Madhopur District of Rajasthan where it falls into Chambal River in Sawai Madhopur District and runs for 436 km. It is one of the Chambal River's three main tributaries, along with the Banas River and the Kali Sindh River. Ramgarh crater is located on its eastern bank.

title: Parbati River (Rajasthan)


text:
Talk:Ocelot

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 22 August 2018 and 4 December 2018. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): CinthiaChavez.

Above undated message substituted from(UTC) Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 05:34, 17 January 2022

Minecraft
Include Minecraft in the article. The ocelot is one of the mobs in that game! 174.24.104.56 (talk) 03:29, 12 November 2022 (UTC)
 * That doesn't seem a sufficiently notable fact about ocelots as a species for it to be included at this page, although it may well be suitable for the Minecraft article if it's a really notable fact about the game. Which it may or may not be; I don't know, but I'd suggest that that would be a better place to ask. Anaxial (talk) 06:45, 12 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @Anaxial It's sufficiently notable because Minecraft is a really big game; in the ballpark of 200 million downloads. So many people would never know about these animals if they were never in the game. I think a sentence under culture should be enough. Silentsinofendlesssleeping (talk) 14:31, 14 June 2024 (UTC)

Misattribution of Pucheran specimen
In the article, the ocelot described by Pucheran as the type specimen for Felis albescens is attributed to the locality "Brownsville, Texas," citing the source "Pucheran, J. (1855). "Description du chat bai et du chat albescent; et remarques sur les caractères et sur la distribution géographique de plusieurs autre chats (Description of bay cat and albescent cat; and remarks on the characters and the geographic distribution of several other cats)". In Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, I. (ed.). Voyage autour du Monde sur la Frégate la Vénus commandée par Abel du Petit-Thouars. Zoologie. Mammifères [Travel around the World on the Frigate Venus commanded by Abel du Petit-Thouars. Zoology. Mammals] (in French). Paris: G & J. Baudry. pp. 137–155."

Nonetheless, this source directly attributes the specimen to Arkansas (page 149). Though "Arkansas" may refer to a broader area than currently encompassed by the modern U.S. state, this location could by no means be confused with Brownsville, Texas. This record is obviously of a northern specimen and representative of a key extirpated population far in the north of the species' historic range. This error should be corrected and the record should receive proper analysis and representation in the literature surrounding the species. Kowalske (talk) 02:38, 7 April 2023 (UTC)

Ocelot in the United States of America
There are less than 120 ocelot in Eastern Texas. There is a move to translocate some Mexican ocelot to renew the USA group. There is a political roadblock but the landowners support it. 108.7.229.85 (talk) 01:21, 13 August 2023 (UTC)

 * If you have a reliable and independent source with this information, please proceed to update the article, or post a request here with the source and what text you'd like added or changed. - UtherSRG (talk) 19:25, 13 August 2023 (UTC)

Ocelot predators.
There needs to be a sources for coyotes preying on wildcats similar in size of it. I doubt a coyote would go after an ocelot. 47.197.29.147 (talk) 00:49, 2 November 2023 (UTC)
 * There is a reference mentioning coyotes as a potential predator in Texas, with a comment that young ocelots would be more vulnerable. Sick animals might also be targets. Agree a better source with a clear statement on known predators would be helpful. —  Jts1882  | talk 14:39, 14 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ocelot


text:
Mack Lee Hill

Mack Lee Hill (August 17, 1940 – December 14, 1965) was an American professional football fullback who played in the American Football League (AFL) for the Kansas City Chiefs. He played college football for the Southern Jaguars. Hill joined the Chiefs as an undrafted free agent. He died suddenly after undergoing knee surgery, two days after a game against the Buffalo Bills in 1965.

Career
Born and raised in Quincy, Florida, Hill made the Chiefs' roster in 1964 as a rookie free agent out of Southern University in Baton Rouge, signing for only $300, with an agreement he would only be paid if he made the lineup. He wound up as the team's second-leading rusher that season with 567 yards and four touchdowns on 105 carries. Hill played in the AFL All-Star Game after his rookie campaign. He gained 627 yards, second-most on the team, in 1965, even though he did not complete the season, dying in knee surgery after the 12th game. He was nicknamed "The Truck."

Death
Hill tore a ligament in his right knee in a regular season game against the Bills on December 12, forcing him to undergo season-ending surgery on that knee two days later at Menorah Medical Center in Kansas City. He was still on the operating table when his temperature suddenly spiked to 108 F, triggering severe convulsions, and he died $1 1/2$ hours after surgery. Doctors said he suffered a "sudden and massive embolism."

Team doctor Albert R. Miller said the embolism could have been caused by a fat globule breaking off and entering the bloodstream, or it could have been triggered by a severe reaction to the anesthesia.

Head coach Hank Stram said, "Mack Lee Hill was a fine gentleman and a great football player. He was probably one of the most unselfish players I have ever coached. He was completely dedicated to the team. Football was his life."

Through Hill's inspiration, the Chiefs created the Mack Lee Hill Award, which is given each season to the team's most outstanding rookie. His No. 36 jersey has been retired.

Hill had one son.

title: Mack Lee Hill


title: File:Crisismonitor4.jpg


text:
Talk:Eastern Shore, Maryland

This might be better as a part of the article on Maryland, no? Qaz  ( talk ) 19:45, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * My very thought in coming here! --Wetman 21:03, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eastern Shore, Maryland


text:
NFPA 70E

NFPA 70E (Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace) is a standard of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). The document covers electrical safety requirements for employees. The NFPA is best known for publishing the National Electrical Code (NFPA 70).

Purpose
NFPA 70E addresses employee workplace electrical safety requirements. The standard focuses on practical safeguards that also allow workers to be productive within their job functions. Specifically, the standard covers the safety requirements for the following: Not covered are - electrical installations in marine, aircraft, auto vehicles, communications and electrical utilities.
 * 1) Electrical conductors and equipment installed within or on buildings or other structures, including mobile homes, recreational vehicles, and other premises (yards, carnivals, parking lots, and industrial substations)
 * 2) Conductors that connect installations to a supply of electricity

Key principles covered are JSA/JHA/AHA procedures to ascertain shock protection boundaries, arc flash incident energy expressed in calories/cm2, lockout-tagout, and personal protective equipment. While the various OSHA, ASTM, IEEE and NEC standard provide guidelines for performance, NFPA 70E addresses practices and is widely considered as the de facto standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace.

Practices include:
 * Staging a "safe work zone" with boundaries, barricades, signs and attendants.
 * Proper body positioning to reduce ergonomic risk, use of rescue hooks in Medium Voltage switching.
 * Human factor analysis, written procedures to reduce incidents not otherwise imminent from above.

Other NFPA standards

 * NFPA 70 — National Electrical Code (NEC)
 * NFPA 70B — Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance
 * NFPA 72 — National Fire Alarm Code
 * NFPA 704 — Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response
 * NFPA 853 — Standard for the installation of stationary fuel cell power systems
 * NFPA 921 — Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations
 * NFPA 101 — Life Safety Code
 * NFPA 1123 — Code for Outdoor Firework Displays
 * NFPA 1901 — Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus

title: NFPA 70E


text: User talk:69.139.4.11

title: User talk:69.139.4.11


text:
User:Dominic Sayers/UnderConstruction/Big Bang (financial markets)

The phrase big bang, used in reference to the sudden deregulation of financial markets, was coined to describe the Thatcher government's 1986 abolition of the distinction between stockjobbers and stockbrokers on the London Stock Exchange.

Other reforms were enacted at the same time, and it was the aggregation of the measures plus the expected increase in market activity that led to the event being called the big bang.

Subsequent similar actions, such as the deregulation of the Japanese financial markets in 2001, have inevitably also been tagged with the phrase big bang.


text: User talk:66.183.168.152

title: User talk:66.183.168.152


text:
Penny Ford

Penny Ford (also known as Pennye Ford, born June 11, 1964) is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. Born and raised in Cincinnati, Ohio, she rose to fame in the 1980s after signing a recording contract with Total Experience Records and releasing her debut solo album Pennye. The album spawned the singles "Change Your Wicked Way" and "Dangerous", which were produced and written by Ford.

She garnered international fame as the lead singer of Eurodance group Snap! Managed and produced by Michael Münzing and Luca Anzilotti, the group released their debut album, World Power, in 1990, which sold over seven million copies worldwide and became one of the most successful dance albums to date. The album contained the hits "The Power", "Ooops Up", "Cult of Snap", and "Mary Had a Little Boy", which have collectively sold over nine million records. Snap!'s hiatus saw the release of Ford's second album, Penny Ford (1993), which established her as a solo artist worldwide and featured the singles "Daydreaming" and "I Lose Control".

Ford has also been a member of the groups Klymaxx and Soul II Soul. In 2006, she returned to Snap! and began touring worldwide with them. Throughout her career, Ford has sold over 16 million records.

Early life
Penny Ford was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Carolyn Griffith (née Ford), an evangelist, and Gene Redd, Sr., a veteran record company executive and producer. Penny's older half-sister, Sharon Redd, was also a singer.

Ford attended St. Mark Catholic School in Cincinnati, where she enrolled in dance and music classes. Her interest in music and performing continued after winning a talented teen pageant at a young age, reading a Maya Angelou piece and singing George Gershwin's "Summertime" to beat other contestants. In 1979, she snuck into a local club where she landed a job as a background singer for electro-funk group Zapp as part of a Parliament-Funkadelic World Funk Tour at age 14. After graduating from high school at age 16, she traveled to Los Angeles, where she auditioned at a studio for Motown and was given a job as a demo singer.

1984–1988: Career beginnings
Following a stint as a Gap Band backing vocalist, Ford released an album entitled Pennye in 1984, and two singles from the album made the UK Singles Chart: "Change Your Wicked Ways", which reached No. 76, and "Dangerous", which reached No. 43. In 1986, Ford replaced Lorena Shelby as the lead singer of Klymaxx. After a year on the road, Ford joined the S.O.S. Band for a six-month stint, including recording "It's Time to Move" for the Police Academy soundtrack. In 1988, Ford became friends with fellow vocalist Chaka Khan while singing background vocals on "Our Day Will Come", a duet with Edwin Starr. She also toured as a background vocalist for Khan's European Tour in 1988.

1989–1991: Snap!
During a trip to Germany in late 1989, Ford was asked to substitute for Chaka Khan when she couldn't make it to a recording session. The session was for the recording of an album for a new electronic dance group being put together called Snap! The original lineup for the group consisted of Ford, rapper Turbo B, and producers Michael Münzing & Luca Anzilotti. In early 1990, the group released their debut single, "The Power", which immediately became an international hit, selling over a million copies in America.

In May 1990, Snap! released their debut album, World Power. It reached number seven on Germany's Media Control Charts, number 25 on Australia's ARIA Charts, number four on the Ö3 Austria Top 40, number 20 on the Topplistan chart in Sweden, number four on the Swiss Music Charts, number 10 on the UK Albums Chart, and number 30 on the US Billboard 200 chart. Although it did not chart on the Dutch MegaCharts, it earned gold certification from the NVPI, for sales in excess of 60,000 copies in the Netherlands. World Power has also been certified gold in Australia, Austria, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States, while it has received platinum certifications in both Germany and Switzerland.

The group's second single, "Ooops Up", also became an international success, peaking in the top-ten position on many charts. The single also earned a gold certification, selling over 500,000 copies in America. Their success continued with the singles "Cult of Snap" and "Mary Had a Little Boy", and an international tour. After the tour, the group began working on their second album. Ford took on a lesser role and only wrote two songs, "Colour of Love" and "See the Light", which were recorded by replacement members Thea Austin and Niki Haris, as Ford chose to leave the group in 1991.

1991-1995: Penny Ford and Soul II Soul
Shortly after leaving Snap!, Ford became the subject of a major-label bidding war that resulted in her signing to Columbia/Sony in June 1991. During this time, she began recording with British musical group Soul II Soul and contributed background vocals for the song "Move Me No Mountain". The song was released as the second single of their third album Volume III Just Right in 1992. In 1992, Ford began recording her second solo album.

In March 1993, Ford released her second album, Penny Ford. Its lead single, "Daydreaming", peaked at number 40 on Billboard's R&B singles chart and number 43 on the UK Singles chart. The album also spawned two additional singles, "I'll Be There" and "I Lose Control"—the latter penned by Mariah Carey. In 1994, Ford began working with Soul II Soul again. She sang lead vocals on their single "Love Enuff", which was released in 1995. She was also present when the group performed the song on Top of the Pops.

2003: Judge Mathis appearance
In 2003, Ford appeared on an episode of the US television program Judge Mathis, suing a producer/boyfriend. One of her witnesses was Chaka Khan. Though the latter did not appear, she spoke to Judge Mathis via telephone.

2006–present: Later career and current work
In 2006, Ford returned as the original and official singer of the group Snap! She also rejoined with Snap! producers Michael Münzing and Luca Anzilloti, and has been performing with them worldwide. She lives in Offenbach, Germany. In 2022, Ford was inducted into the Cincinnati Black Music Walk of Fame.

Artistry
Ford is a multi-instrumentalist. She has been known to play the guitar, flute, drums, percussion, bass, keyboards, and synthesizer, all of which she played during her early career as a demo singer. On her first album, she played all of the instruments on the song "Serious", and three instruments on the remaining songs. She has produced and arranged songs for Natalie Cole, the Gap Band, Chaka Khan, Victoria Wilson-James, and Snap!.

Discography

 * Pennye (1984)
 * Penny Ford (1993)

title: Penny Ford


text:
Marvin Braude

Marvin Braude (August 11, 1920 – December 7, 2005) was a member of the Los Angeles City Council for 32 years, between 1965 and 1997—the third-longest-serving council member in the history of the city.

During his tenure on the Los Angeles City Council, he led opposition to new housing construction and development as part of a "slow-growth movement." In 1988, the Los Angeles Times described him as "council's strongest critic of growth." He proposed Proposition U, a successful 1986 ballot initiative, that the Los Angeles Times called "the largest one-shot effort to limit development in the city's history."

He was “a champion of bike paths,” advocated for protecting the open space of the Santa Monica Mountains, and successfully pushed the city to ban smoking in restaurants and government buildings.

Biography
Braude was born on August 11, 1920, in Chicago, Illinois, the only son of Benjamin and Rose Braude, and attended the University of Illinois in 1937. He graduated from the University of Chicago in 1941 with a bachelor's degree in political science. He was a research assistant with the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics in 1941 and an instructor in social science at the University of Chicago in 1942. He owned and operated small businesses and a small investment firm until he was elected to the City Council in 1965.

Braude was married to Marjorie Sperry of Chicago on September 26, 1948; they went to Yosemite on their honeymoon and decided then to move to California, which they did in 1951. She became a medical doctor and specialized in psychiatry. The couple moved to the Brentwood district of Los Angeles in 1952. They had two children, Liza, born in May 1953, and Ann, born in July 1955. Marjorie Braude, who became head of the Los Angeles Domestic Violence Task Force, died one month after her husband.

He was co-founder and first president of the Santa Monica Mountains Regional Park Association, founder of Capital for Small Business in Los Angeles and president of the Crestwood Hills Association.

He was described as being "professorial, cranky and wonkish . . . abrupt and cantakerous, especially with those who stood in his way." "The polyester suits he ordered from Sears, Roebuck & Co. catalogs were one of his trademarks. He brought health food in plastic containers to the banquets he was obliged to attend."

Braude died at the age of 84 on December 7, 2005, in Rancho Mirage, California, after breaking his leg in a fall and contracting pneumonia while in the hospital. He chose to be cremated, said his daughter Ann, because he believed using open space for cemeteries was "poor land-use policy." A memorial service was held at University Synagogue in Brentwood, Los Angeles, and donations were asked for the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy.

Elections
In April 1965, Braude took on conservative incumbent Karl L. Rundberg in Los Angeles City Council District 11 and finished the primary election with less than half the votes of Rundberg (11,033 against 22,397), but in the May 1965 final, a "wave of public indignation over plans to carve a major highway across the Santa Monica Mountains" carried him into office: he beat the veteran Rundberg by 22,023 votes to 18,976.

Braude was not seriously threatened in succeeding elections until 1997, when he faced "a strong challenge" from Cindy Miscikowski, his former chief of staff, among others. In 1996 he said he would begin to donate large sums of money from his $100,000 salary and his extensive financial portfolio to fund city projects within his district if he were reelected. He decided, however, to retire instead of campaigning.

Positions

 * Mulholland Drive. Braude said in 1967 that he would continue a push for Mulholland Drive to be turned into a major parkway, with hiking and riding trails, picnic and camping facilities and other things of scenic, historic and recreational value.
 * Bike trails. An avid bicyclist, Braude worked to establish bicycle paths along the Pacific Ocean beachfront, in 1968 leading a contingent of 350 bike enthusiasts from Venice to Playa del Rey and in 1974 leading 175 bikers along the 19-mile bikeway that the county was building along the beach, only to be stopped by sheriff's deputies at the entrance to a Marina apartment complex in what the owner contended was an "unlawful invasion of private property."
 * Auto Club. Braude ran unsuccessfully for a seat on the board of directors of the Automobile Club of Southern California after he learned that the club had spent $22,000 in 1970 to help defeat a state ballot proposition that would have allowed some state gasoline tax receipts to go for fighting smog and building rapid transit, which he favored, instead of being strictly limited to laying streets and building highways.
 * Slow-growth initiative. With Councilman Zev Yaroslavsky, Braude was the author of Proposition U, a ballot initiative that was designed to make 75% of Los Angeles off limits to commercial development. The measure passed by a wide margin in November 1986.
 * Gun control. He called for a "broad-range" attack on the "widespread ownership and use of guns"—saying he would push for legislation to prevent gun violence. "This is something that will take four of six or maybe even 10 years," he said. Council members Jackie Goldberg, Mark Ridley-Thomas, Ruth Galanter and Laura Chick seconded his proposal.
 * Leaf blowers. On two separate occasions, he asked the City Council to ban the use of noisy gas-powered leaf-blowers, used by professional gardeners.
 * Suit blocked. In 1990 a Superior Court judge ruled that Braude's  position as a City Council member precluded him from being able to sue as a private citizen against construction of the Watt City Center, a two-story office complex planned for Downtown Los Angeles,
 * Smoking ban. In 1973, he first introduced an ordinance against smoking in restaurants and government buildings. It didn't pass then, so he reintroduced the measure in 1991. "If doctors and the vast majority of Los Angeles nonsmokers will rise up and support this proposal, we can tell the tobacco industry to shove off and take its sleazy act back to North Carolina," he said. This time it passed.
 * Reduction in car pollution. In 1996, Braude presented a City Council award to General Motors for its upcoming $35,000 GM EV1, after having called for non-polluting car market in 1988.

Post-council
In September 1997 Braude became at the age of 76 a "distinguished practitioner in residence" at the University of Southern California, giving lectures and advising students on research projects and papers.

Legacy
The Marvin Braude Mulholland Gateway Park in Tarzana, California, the Marvin Braude Constituent Service Center at the Government Center in Van Nuys and the Marvin Braude Bike Trail (formerly the South Bay and Santa Monica Bike Paths) are named after him.

title: Marvin Braude