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Quaternionic projective space

In mathematics, quaternionic projective space is an extension of the ideas of real projective space and complex projective space, to the case where coordinates lie in the ring of quaternions $$\mathbb{H}.$$ Quaternionic projective space of dimension n is usually denoted by

 * $$\mathbb{HP}^n$$

and is a closed manifold of (real) dimension 4n. It is a homogeneous space for a Lie group action, in more than one way. The quaternionic projective line $$\mathbb{HP}^1$$ is homeomorphic to the 4-sphere.

In coordinates
Its direct construction is as a special case of the projective space over a division algebra. The homogeneous coordinates of a point can be written

 * $$[q_0,q_1,\ldots,q_n]$$

where the $$q_i$$ are quaternions, not all zero. Two sets of coordinates represent the same point if they are 'proportional' by a left multiplication by a non-zero quaternion c; that is, we identify all the

 * $$[cq_0,cq_1\ldots,cq_n]$$.

In the language of group actions, $$\mathbb{HP}^n$$ is the orbit space of $$\mathbb{H}^{n+1}\setminus\{(0,\ldots,0)\}$$ by the action of $$\mathbb{H}^{\times}$$, the multiplicative group of non-zero quaternions. By first projecting onto the unit sphere inside $$\mathbb{H}^{n+1}$$ one may also regard $$\mathbb{HP}^{n}$$ as the orbit space of $$S^{4n+3}$$ by the action of $$\text{Sp}(1)$$, the group of unit quaternions. The sphere $$S^{4n+3}$$ then becomes a principal Sp(1)-bundle over $$\mathbb{HP}^n$$:

 * $$\mathrm{Sp}(1) \to S^{4n+3} \to \mathbb{HP}^n.$$

This bundle is sometimes called a (generalized) Hopf fibration.

There is also a construction of $$\mathbb{HP}^{n}$$ by means of two-dimensional complex subspaces of $$\mathbb{H}^{2n}$$, meaning that $$\mathbb{HP}^{n}$$ lies inside a complex Grassmannian.

Homotopy theory
The space $$\mathbb{HP}^{\infty}$$, defined as the union of all finite $$\mathbb{HP}^n$$'s under inclusion, is the classifying space BS3. The homotopy groups of $$\mathbb{HP}^{\infty}$$ are given by $$\pi_i(\mathbb{HP}^{\infty}) = \pi_i(BS^3) \cong \pi_{i-1}(S^3).$$ These groups are known to be very complex and in particular they are non-zero for infinitely many values of $$i$$. However, we do have that

 * $$\pi_i(\mathbb{HP}^\infty) \otimes \Q \cong \begin{cases} \Q & i = 4 \\ 0 & i \neq 4 \end{cases}$$

It follows that rationally, i.e. after localisation of a space, $$\mathbb{HP}^\infty$$ is an Eilenberg–Maclane space $$K(\Q,4)$$. That is $$\mathbb{HP}^{\infty}_{\Q} \simeq K(\Z, 4)_{\Q}.$$ (cf. the example K(Z,2)). See rational homotopy theory.

In general, $$\mathbb{HP}^n$$ has a cell structure with one cell in each dimension which is a multiple of 4, up to $$4n$$. Accordingly, its cohomology ring is $$\Z[v]/v^{n+1}$$, where $$v$$ is a 4-dimensional generator. This is analogous to complex projective space. It also follows from rational homotopy theory that $$\mathbb{HP}^n$$ has infinite homotopy groups only in dimensions 4 and $$4n+3$$.

Differential geometry
$$\mathbb{HP}^n$$ carries a natural Riemannian metric analogous to the Fubini-Study metric on $$\mathbb{CP}^n$$, with respect to which it is a compact quaternion-Kähler symmetric space with positive curvature.

Quaternionic projective space can be represented as the coset space

 * $$\mathbb{HP}^n = \operatorname{Sp}(n+1)/\operatorname{Sp}(n)\times\operatorname{Sp}(1)$$

where $$\operatorname{Sp}(n)$$ is the compact symplectic group.

Characteristic classes
Since $$\mathbb{HP}^1=S^4$$, its tangent bundle is stably trivial. The tangent bundles of the rest have nontrivial Stiefel–Whitney and Pontryagin classes. The total classes are given by the following formulas:

 * $$w(\mathbb{HP}^n) = (1+u)^{n+1}$$
 * $$p(\mathbb{HP}^n) = (1+v)^{2n+2} (1+4v)^{-1} $$

where $$v$$ is the generator of $$H^4(\mathbb{HP}^n;\Z)$$ and $$u$$ is its reduction mod 2.

Quaternionic projective line
The one-dimensional projective space over $$\mathbb{H}$$ is called the "projective line" in generalization of the complex projective line. For example, it was used (implicitly) in 1947 by P. G. Gormley to extend the Möbius group to the quaternion context with linear fractional transformations. For the linear fractional transformations of an associative ring with 1, see projective line over a ring and the homography group GL(2,A).

From the topological point of view the quaternionic projective line is the 4-sphere, and in fact these are diffeomorphic manifolds. The fibration mentioned previously is from the 7-sphere, and is an example of a Hopf fibration.

Explicit expressions for coordinates for the 4-sphere can be found in the article on the Fubini–Study metric.

Quaternionic projective plane
The 8-dimensional $$\mathbb{HP}^{2}$$ has a circle action, by the group of complex scalars of absolute value 1 acting on the other side (so on the right, as the convention for the action of c above is on the left). Therefore, the quotient manifold

 * $$\mathbb{HP}^{2}/\mathrm{U}(1)$$

may be taken, writing U(1) for the circle group. It has been shown that this quotient is the 7-sphere, a result of Vladimir Arnold from 1996, later rediscovered by Edward Witten and Michael Atiyah.

title: Quaternionic projective space


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Samuel Livingston Breese

Samuel Livingston Breese (August 6, 1794 – December 17, 1870) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy. His active-duty career included service in the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, and the American Civil War.

Early life
He was born in Utica on August 6, 1794, and grew up in Whitesboro, New York. He was the son of Arthur Breese (1770–1825) and his first wife, Catherine (née Livingston) Breese (1775–1808). Among his siblings was younger brother Sidney Breese, who later became a U.S. Senator from Illinois, and sisters, Sarah Breese (wife of Bleeker Lansing and James Platt), and Elizabeth Breese (wife of William Malcolm Sands) as well as a half-sister, Sarah Ann (née Breese) Walker. Samuel Morse was a cousin.

His maternal grandfather was farmer and author Henry Beekman Livingston, a descendant of Robert Livingston the Elder, the 1st Lord of Livingston Manor.

He attended Union College as part of the Class of 1813, but did not graduate.

Career
Breese was appointed midshipman in the United States Navy on September 10, 1810. During the War of 1812, he served under Commodore Thomas Macdonough at the Battle of Lake Champlain, and for gallant conduct at Plattsburgh received a sword and a vote of thanks from the United States Congress.

He was commissioned as lieutenant on April 28, 1816, commander in December 1835, and captain on September 8, 1841. He was attached to the Philadelphia Navy Yard in 1836, and to the naval rendezvous at Baltimore in 1841.

He served in the Mediterranean against the pirates of Algiers from 1826 to 1827, and was in the Levant during the war between Turkey and Greece. He commanded the frigate USS Cumberland (1842) of the Mediterranean squadron in 1845, and was in the Atlantic Ocean commanding the USS Albany (1846) during the Mexican–American War in 1846 and 1847 where he took part in the capture of Tuxpan, Tabasco, and Vera Cruz. For a short time, he was Military Governor of Tuxpan.

In 1848 he performed special duty on the lakes, and from 1853 until 1855, commanded the Norfolk Navy Yard. From 1856 until 1859 he was commander of the Mediterranean Squadron, and from 1859 until 1861 served as commandant of the Brooklyn Navy Yard.

Flag rank and retirement
On July 16, 1862, he was commissioned a Commodore and placed on the retired list, and on 3 September 1862, was one of the thirteen Commodores first selected to fill the list of Rear Admirals, when that rank was introduced into the United States Navy in 1862. Placed on the retired list, he was appointed lighthouse inspector in the same year. He was made Port Admiral at Philadelphia in 1869.

Personal life
Breese was twice married, and had no children from either marriage. In about 1825, Breese married his first wife, Frances Hogan Stout (1806–1853), the daughter of Capt. Jacob Stout and Fanny (née Carpender) Stout. Her elder brother was Charles Raintaux Stout.

After the death of his first wife, he remarried on June 21, 1855, to his second wife, Emma Lovett (1819–1892), daughter of Thomas Sydney Lovett and Louisa (née Doubleday) Lovett. She survived him.

Rear Admiral Breese died in Mount Airy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, aged 76, and was buried in Forest Hills Cemetery in Utica, New York.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Samuel Livingston Breese


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Judd (engine)

Judd is a brand of racing car engines built by Engine Developments Ltd., a company founded in 1971 by John Judd and Jack Brabham in Rugby, Warwickshire, England. Engine Developments was intended to build engines for Brabham's racing efforts, and became one of the first firms authorised by Cosworth to maintain and rebuild its DFV engines, but has since expanded into various areas of motorsport.

Judd has provided engines for many major series, including Formula One, Indycar and other smaller formula series, sports car racing, and touring car racing. They have been associated with manufacturers such as Yamaha, MG, Mazda and Honda, although they have mainly been a privateer-engine supplier.

Lower formulae and IndyCar
As a result of Jack Brabham's long-standing relationship with Honda, Judd was hired by them to develop an engine for the company's return to Formula Two in association with Ron Tauranac's Ralt team.

After the demise of Formula Two at the end of the 1984 season, Judd continued to develop new engines for Honda. The first was the Judd AV, a turbocharged V8 engine built for Honda's CART campaign. It was first used on the CART circuit midway through the 1986 season, fielded by Galles Racing and driver Geoff Brabham. It was initially badged as the Brabham-Honda, and scored a fourth-place finish at the 1986 Michigan 500. In 1987, the engine was used for the first time at the Indianapolis 500. Brabham scored second-place finishes in 1987 at Pocono and Road America, as well as a third at the season finale at Miami.

The engine became known for its reliability and superior fuel mileage (particularly in the 500-mile races). However, it was at a decided power disadvantage compared to the top engine of the time, the Ilmor-Chevrolet.

In 1988, Truesports with driver Bobby Rahal took over as the primary team, and the "Honda" name and support was dropped from the powerplant. During the 1988 season, Rahal took advantage of the engine's reliability in the 500-mile races, finishing fourth at Indy and second at the Michigan 500. He then scored the first and only Indycar victory for the Judd engine, at the 1988 Pocono 500. His ten top-10 finishes led to a third-place finish in the season points standings. Judd continued to build upgrades to the AV into the early 1990s, even after Honda had stopped badging the engines. When Honda moved into the new Formula 3000 series, Judd again developed the company's engine. Based on the architecture of the AV, the new BV V8 was a naturally aspirated variant, and would eventually form the basis for the Judd CV Formula One engine.

KV
After the company's departure from Formula One, Judd returned to Formula 3000 in 1995 with the development of the 3-litre KV V8 engine. Judd built the engines that every Formula 3000 team used, although Zytek was tasked with maintaining the over 80 engines after they were built. Judd stopped production of the KV and the Formula 3000 series ended in 2004; contrary to rumour, Zytek did not use the KV engine as a basis for the A1 Grand Prix units in 2005, but used their own V8 designed by ex-Judd engineer Hiro Kaneda.

Formula One
In 1988, in conjunction with March Engineering, Judd made the move into the recently reintroduced normally aspirated variant of Formula One, which would completely replace turbocharged cars in 1989. By using the existing BV V8 as the starting point for their new F1 engine, Judd saved cost while at the same time producing a customer engine that could compete on track and in the marketplace with the Ford-Cosworth V8s that were standard equipment for the (mostly smaller) teams competing to the new rules.

CV
The first Formula One engine developed by Judd, the CV, was built to the 3.5-litre engine formula for naturally aspirated engines. The engine shared many design features with the Judd BV engine, but was expanded to 3.5 litres. March Engineering was the first team who signed to use the Judd CV. Reigning World Constructors' champion Williams was later forced also to turn to Judd, after they lost their supply of Honda engines for 1988. In addition, Ligier also bought CVs for use in the 1988 season. Judd-powered cars finished in podium positions four times during their debut season, with Williams' lead driver, Nigel Mansell, scoring Judd's first podium when he finished second at the 1988 British Grand Prix.

During the season, the 600 bhp Judd V8 was commonly the fastest of the non-turbo engines, and the Marches of Ivan Capelli and Maurício Gugelmin regularly recorded higher speeds through the speed trap than the Cosworth DFR- and DFZ-powered cars with Gugelmin recording the fastest "atmo" speed trap of the season when he hit 312 km/h during qualifying for the German Grand Prix at Hockenheim (though this was still considerably slower than the turbo-powered McLaren-Hondas which were timed at 333 km/h). At the 1988 Japanese Grand Prix Capelli's Judd-powered March 881 became the first naturally-aspirated car to lead a lap of a Grand Prix since, when he briefly passed the McLaren of two-time World Drivers' champion Alain Prost for the lead on lap 16 of the 51 lap race.

For the 1989 season, Judd developed the all-new narrow-angle Judd EV, with a more compact 76-degree V angle, rather than the more conventional 90 degrees of the Judd AV/BV/CV, and the Cosworth DFV series. Construction of the CV continued as a cheaper alternative for smaller teams. Team Lotus and EuroBrun were the only CV customers, with Lotus finishing sixth in the Constructors' Championship. EuroBrun was originally the only team to continue with the CV unit into 1990, but Life eventually bought CV units to replace their failed in-house W12 engine design.

EV
The previous Judd CV was designed with a conventional 90-degree engine block. Following the 1988 season it was decided that a narrower vee-angle would be adopted to give a more compact engine; the original intent was a 75-degree vee, but limitations in Judd's CNC equipment (it could only work in even-degree increments) meant that 76 degrees was used instead.

March Engineering upgraded their 1988 CV unit to an EV in 1989, while Brabham was also supplied with the new engines. Brabham and March each scored one podium with the EV engine. Both teams continued with the EV in 1990, although March Engineering was renamed Leyton House Racing. Leyton House took the engine's only podium of the season, a second place at the French Grand Prix. For 1991, Team Lotus was the only team to use the older EV.

GV
In the normally aspirated 3.5 litre formula, ten and twelve cylinder engines had proved to be more powerful than V8s. This prompted Judd to replace the CV and EV V8s with an all-new engine in 1991 for the BMS Scuderia Italia team. The new 72-degree angle V10 engine would carry the GV name. The engine was powerful, helping the team to a podium finish in the San Marino Grand Prix.

Judd's agreement with Scuderia Italia ended following the 1991 season, leaving the GVs to be used by the Brabham team and newcomers Andrea Moda Formula in 1992. Neither team scored a point all season and Judd Engines pulled out of Formula One.

Yamaha partnership
Following Judd's withdrawal from Formula One in 1992, John Judd turned to Yamaha to continue production of his engines. Using the Judd GV V10 as a base, Yamaha developed an all-new cylinder head and branded the motor as the OX10, for use by Tyrrell Racing in. Once again, Tyrrell were unable to score any points all season. An improved OX10B for boosted Tyrrell's performance, as the team scored a podium and finished sixth in the Constructors' Championship.

Rule changes in saw the OX10C (known by Judd as the HV) reduced to 3 litres, although the architecture of the engine was generally the same. Tyrrell's performance fell off again however, as the team scored five points and finished eighth in the championship. saw the same points total from Tyrrell, although the new Yamaha OX11 (Judd JV) engine was an all-new design. After 1996 Tyrrell switched to using Ford-branded engines.

An updated C-Spec version of the OX11 was used by Arrows in. Featuring a new bottom end, with changes consisting of a revised sump, crankshaft, oil pump and water pump; the OX11C had an extremely low centre of gravity (and a dry weight of 105 kg vs the Renault RS09's 121 kg) but was underpowered (708 bhp vs the RS09's 755 bhp) and most of all unreliable.

Consequently, a D-Spec was introduced for the fourth race, at Imola, with significant improvements in the airflow management of the combustion chamber area, which permitted the OX11D to gain 20 hp, which along with superior Bridgestone tyres propelled Damon Hill to a second place at the Hungaroring, the 11th race of a year that otherwise was pretty lacklustre with Pedro Diniz's 5th place at the Nürburgring as a last high point before Yamaha consequently pulled the plug on the failing project.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

GV10
In 1991, the World Sportscar Championship introduced an engine formula nearly identical to Formula One. This was an attempt to decrease cost by allowing sportscar teams to purchase Formula One engines, while at the same time encouraging major sportscar manufacturers to enter Formula One. This allowed for Judd to offer their GV V10 to customers following modifications to meet the endurance requirements necessary in the World Sportscar Championship.

As financial troubles hit other teams, the Judd V10 became one of the few privately funded engines for the top C1 class. Mazda was forced to turn to Judd to replace their outlawed rotary engines, although the GV10s would be rebadged as Mazda MV10s. Euro Racing, also purchased GV10s for their Lola T92/10s. Mazda finished third in the team's championship while Euro Racing took fifth.

The World Sportscar Championship was cancelled in 1993, quickly ending Judd's first brief involvement in sports car racing.

GV4
After engine involvement with Yamaha in Formula One, Judd returned once again to sports car racing. Believing that a large naturally aspirated engine would be fitting for use as a customer supply in the Sports Racing World Cup, Judd resurrected the GV10 from a few years earlier. Expanded to four litres and upgraded with new technology, the new GV4 became a favorite choice for teams not running the dominant Ferrari 333 SP, eventually winning the championship with Racing for Holland in 2002 and 2003. In 2000 a Doran Ferrari 333 SP-Judd hybrid appeared, the performance of the Judd engine being deemed superior to that of the six-year-old Italian unit, which was no longer supported by Ferrari.

The GV4s also became powerful enough to contest for overall wins in the 24 Hours of Le Mans, with Oreca Dallaras running the GV4 finishing fifth and sixth in as well as an overall victory for Doran Lista at the Rolex 24 at Daytona the same year. The engine's reliability record at Le Mans was still patchy and, while it could challenge for the pole in Domes and Dallaras, the engine RPMs had to be reduced to ensure it survived the race.

GV4.2
The 4.2-litre GV V10 engine was designed and developed for the 2013 season as a result of the remarkable success of the GV4 engine in the Boss series. Compared to the 4.0-litre GV V10 engine, the 4.2-litre GV V10 has been modernized; with lighter cylinder heads, twin-barrel throttles, and a lower centre of gravity. The engine is also 10 kg lighter than the 4-litre version. The engine made its race debut in April 2013 at the Hockenheim circuit in Germany, scoring a double victory on its debut. The engine was expertly installed in the Benetton chassis by Kevin Mansell.

Further success has followed in the 2014, 2015 and 2016 seasons.

KV675
In 2001, the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO), organisers of the 24 Hours of Le Mans, announced new regulations for Le Mans Prototypes. The smaller LMP675 category would allow naturally aspirated V8 engines up to 3.4 litres. Using the design of the Formula 3000 KV V8, Judd expanded the engine to the maximum of 3.4 litres and reinforced it for endurance racing, creating the KV675.

In its debut year, the KV675 won the LMP675 championship in the American Le Mans Series for Dick Barbour Racing. However, factory-supported efforts by MG and then Zytek were the dominant efforts in LMP675, so the KV675 only won its class at the 2004 24 Hours of Le Mans. It also won the LMP2 class championship in the ALMS in 2005. Both victories were for Intersport Racing, installed at the back of their Lola B2K/40.

GV5
In 2002, Judd introduced a variant of the GV4 known as the GV5. The engine capacity increase to five litres was an attempt to reduce rpms, increase torque, and increase reliability. The GV5 quickly proved its superiority over the GV4, when it took second place in the teams' championship in the Rolex Sports Car Series in its debut year with Doran. Pescarolo Sport later went on to finish fourth at the 2004 24 Hours of Le Mans with a GV5. The following year, Pescarolo finished in second place at Le Mans and won the teams' championship in the Le Mans Endurance Series.

The GV5 received an upgrade in 2006, using lighter materials to decrease the weight of the unit by 20 kg. The GV5 S2 showed its performance by taking the Pescarolo to second place once again at Le Mans behind Audi's R10, as well as winning every event in the Le Mans Series season.

The engine was further upgraded in 2007, with an increase in displacement to 5.5 litres to produce more torque while attaining the maximum power at lower rpms and improving fuel consumption, as the Judd GV5.5 S2.

XV675
In an attempt to displace Ford and Cosworth as the only supplier of engines in the Champ Car World Series, Judd proposed a variant of the KV675 for use in the series through an agreement with MG, who would badge the engine. The deal did not come to fruition, but the development work performed based on the KV675 to adapt it to Champ Car was transferred to sports car racing. The improved engine, known as XV675, retained the 3.4-litre layout but included technology developed from the GV series of engines to increase revs and performance while reducing weight.

The XV675 debuted in 2004 with mixed success. Ray Mallock Ltd. earned the XV675 one of its few successes, winning the LMP2 class at the 2005 24 Hours of Le Mans, but the team later switched to the Advanced Engine Research turbocharged LMP2 engine which had become dominant in the class. It was used until 2008.

DB
On September 12, 2007, Engine Developments announced their plans for a replacement for the XV675, termed the DB. Although it retained the 3.4-litre engine capacity, the unit was entirely new. Judd planned to work closely with a top LMP2 team in order to get better testing out of the DB in 2008 before the engine was released to any customers. The engine is now found at the back of the numerous Lola B08/80 LMP2 cars in the LMS championship where it competes against the Zyteks and the rare Porsche RS Spyders.

Touring car racing
In 1997, Engine Developments was chosen by Nissan Motors to lead their engine development program on the Primera for the British Touring Car Championship. Nissan went on to win the constructors' championship in 1998 and 1999, with Laurent Aïello winning the driver's title in 1999.

As part of MG's involvement with Judd elsewhere, the two worked together on MG's return to the British Touring Car Championship in 2004. Judd developed the K2000 engine for the MG ZS, with Anthony Reid finishing fourth in the driver's championship in their debut year. However, MG's financial troubles forced the company to drop out of the championship soon after, leaving the K2000 open to customers. Des Wheatley installed the engine in an MG Metro and won the British Rallycross Championship.

title: Judd (engine)


text:
User talk:EnglishElectric

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia , I hope you will like it here and decide to stay.

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Also: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~~~~. This will automatically add your username and the time after your comments. Signing with three tildes ~~~ will just sign your username. I hope to see you around Wikipedia! If you have any questions, feel free to contact me on my talk page!

Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

15:47, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Welcome
Hello EnglishElectric. I noticed you working on Adelaide-related articles, so I thought I'd let you know about the Australian community on Wikipedia. Be sure to check out Australian resources, like The Australia Wikiportal, Australian Wikipedians' Notice Board, Australian Collaboration of the Fortnight, New Australian Articles and Australian stub articles. You can list yourself at Australian Wikipedians.

Also, assuming you're an Adelaidean, you might like to consider participating in WikiProject Adelaide. Help is always needed!

Again, welcome.--Cyberjunkie | Talk 15:35, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Hi EnglishElectric! In appreciation for your fantastic contibutions to articles on Adelaide's rail network, I'm awarding you a Barnstar. Sincerely, --Cyberjunkie | Talk 07:33, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

talk:Flexity Classic
Can I have your comment on the discussion about "Vigilnce control" in the talk page of the Flexity Classic.Myrtone

If you're not sure about the vigilance control on the Flexity Classic you can contact Transadelaide here.Myrtone

Why doesn't the Adelaide variant have colour contrasted doors?Myrtone

New link on this page
I have added a new link on that page regarding deadmans' on trams in France, it includes a description of the deadman's control on the Freiburg Combino but I don't fully understand it. Myrtone

Hi there
hi English electric. I read some of your excellent Adelaide rail articles in January this year. I hadn't noticed you had returned. Welcome back. How have your been?Blnguyen | Have your say!!! - review me 00:37, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

Meetup on 24th August 2006
Apologies if you're already aware of this, but the Inaugural Adelaide Meetup will take place on Thursday 24th of August at Brougham Place Uniting Church, thanks to Alex Sims. Please indicate if you will attend or not.

This message left by May the Force be with you! Shr e shth91 ($ |-| ŗ 3 $ |-| ţ |-|) on behalf of [ælfəks], 09:49, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Meetup on 23rd April 2007
Hi EnglishElectric,

Apologies if you're already aware of this, but I'd like to let you know that the second Adelaide Meetup will take place on Monday 23rd of April at ZUMA Caffe, 56 Gouger Street, Adelaide. The meeting is at 7:30am for breakfast with Wikipedia founder Jimbo Wales. Please see Meetup/Adelaide/Meetup 2 for more details and indicate if you might attend.

Thanks,–cj | talk 14:06, 23 March 2007 (UTC) NB: The above message is being delivered to users who are listed at WikiProject Adelaide or in Category:Wikipedians in South Australia with AutoWikiBrowser.

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Adelaide Wikimeetup 3
Hi EnglishElectric - we're planning a third meetup in Adelaide sometime in the coming weeks, and would love to have you there. If you can, please help decide a location, a date and a time here. Thanks!

Adelaide Wikimeetup 3
Hi EnglishElectric - after some planning we've decided to hold the third Adelaide Wikimeetup on Sunday, 17th February, 2008. The meeting will be held at Billy Baxter's in Rundle Mall at 11:30AM. Further details and directions are available on the meetup page. Please RSVP here by 20:00UTC on 15th February 2008 (that's 6AM Saturday for our time zone) so that we can inform the restaurant about numbers. Hope to see you there!

You are receiving this message because you are in Category:Wikipedians in South Australia or are listed at WP:ADEL. If this has been sent in error, please accept our apologies!

On behalf of Riana ⁂, 11:25, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

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Are youthe author of this? Sfan00 IMG (talk) 10:15, 20 June 2014 (UTC)

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Adelaide Meetup 22 – Friday 6 March 2020
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title: User talk:EnglishElectric


text:
User talk:CallMeCordelia

Welcome
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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

15:47, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:CallMeCordelia


text:
Talk:Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari

Updates
A colleague of mine were showing our classes some information on this individual, and we came across some extra information to add to the page and hope to improve it. Feel free to edit and improve! Kayz911 (talk) 18:06, 15 November 2016 (UTC)

Untitled
This page should be moved to Al-Umari in accordance with Wikipedia naming conventions--always use the simplest English-language name. (This is, by the way, my own mistake putting it here initially). --Dvyost 15:48, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Done. — mark ✎ 16:22, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually this page should have been moved to Chihab Al-Umari or something. Someone please do that.  Al-Umari is a big international tribe with millions of members.  I need to write an article on this tribe.  Thank you.  Hassanfarooqi 20:49, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

He died in 1348!

Why the french (?) spelling "Chihab Al-Umari"? This title seems odd. In the Encyclopedia of Islam, this person appears under the heading Ibn Fadl allah al-Umari. That seems right to me, and that is the name by which he seems to be referred to in scholarly works. Someone, please make this change. - Cheers! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.183.127.133 (talk) 16:40, 25 March 2015 (UTC)

masalik al-absar fi mamalik al-amsar
Sugar candy in china.

http://books.google.com/books?id=DzqPvHlFkV4C&pg=PA92#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=ynTvSAAACAAJ&dq=masalik+al-absar+fi+mamalik+al-amsar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9Kj5UP_7HMiy0AGcjoG4BQ&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA

http://books.google.com/books?id=DFO-eV9cQ0sC&pg=PA252&dq=masalik+al-absar+fi+mamalik+al-amsar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9Kj5UP_7HMiy0AGcjoG4BQ&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=masalik%20al-absar%20fi%20mamalik%20al-amsar&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=OP-u6Vapdl4C&pg=PA187&dq=masalik+al-absar+fi+mamalik+al-amsar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9Kj5UP_7HMiy0AGcjoG4BQ&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=masalik%20al-absar%20fi%20mamalik%20al-amsar&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=qVYT4Kraym0C&pg=PA322&dq=masalik+al-absar+fi+mamalik+al-amsar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9Kj5UP_7HMiy0AGcjoG4BQ&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=masalik%20al-absar%20fi%20mamalik%20al-amsar&f=false

Rajmaan (talk) 20:00, 18 January 2013 (UTC)

Recent changes
It has been sourced that the subject matter had been a student of Ibn Taymiyya.

The same free academic paper cited the full title of one his works: Ibn Faḍl Allāh Al‑ʿUmarī, Masālik al‑abṣār fī mamālik al‑amṣār, ed. Muḥammad ʿAbd al‑Qādir Kharīsāt et al., al‑ʿAyn, Zayd Center for Heritage and History, 2001–2004, 25 vols. Other secondary sources were provided to the shortened title ''Masālik al-abṣār, éd. Sayyid'', including this bibliographical record.

Possibly of the same author, called as Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyá Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʻUmarī, there are the following books: Quite certainly, the second belogns to the same author, but more expert people can say if this so and in that case add it to the main article.
 * 1) A fourteenth century Arab account of India under Sultan Muhammad Bin Tughluq. Being English translation of the chapters on India from Shihab al-Din al- Umari's Masalik al-ab sar fi-mamalik al-am sar. ( and, 86 pp.)
 * 2) al-Taʻrīf bi-al-muṣṭalaḥ al-sharīf (, 2 voll.).

About the Gaoussou Diawara's according to which "Abu Bakr II reached the Americas years before Christopher Columbus", WorldCat under the search string "Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari" gives a World map of the geographers of the Caliph Al-Maʼmūn (reigned 813-833 A.D.)., that isn't available for consultation on the Library of Congress' website. Maybe, it will become in the upcoming future. I've categorized him under category:Syrian sufi because if the world map was really made by this author, he had the same paranormal faculty of clairvoyance in the space that allowed the Latin author Pomponio Mela to make the first geographic mapping of the world that is known today, including Americas. An accurate cartography needs to personally view the described location -proximately to them or through a distant vision-...., and thus can't be realized on the basis of third party accounts. Sufists had the mysticism and spiritual practice needed to do a similar activity. Hence, the categorization.It needs additional sources, but it seems also to be reasonable to suppose it.

I apologize for the rambling comment. Regards, Theologian81sp

title: Talk:Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari


text:
Talk:Al Majdal

Ashkelon
The page for Al Majdal was redirected to the Ashkelon page disregarding the contents of the Al Majdal page. In other words, the two articles were not merged, Al Majdal was effectively deleted with no discussion about it first. This is not acceptable. Please discuss such moves first before carrying them out. Ramallite (talk) 15:48, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It looks to me like the contents of Al Majdal are incorporated in Ashkelon. How were the contents disregarded, and how were the articles not merged? (I didn't perform the merge myself, I just don't understand your objection.) Quale 02:21, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

NPOV tag
Do I even need to explain why? It's pretty impressive, even for a topic such as this :) Adam Bishop 16:48, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, the article seems that it is sourced with three citations. Although I am not too familiar with the history of the town, I still don't see what the objection is, and "it's pretty impressive" really won't cut it for most readers. Ramallite (talk) 17:01, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * will the user Adam Bishop be kind enough to explain his objection? The NPOV tag isn't exactly appealing to readers. Perhaps he would like to contribute something from his medieval studies. I have no problem with that. Until then I will ask that the tag be removed. It is not good for Wiki to have administrators with agendas. HAE

 * I just thought it read like more typical Israel-bashing. I should know better to get involved in these things, so nevermind. Adam Bishop 03:03, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Please don't redirect: A large chunk of history between 7th Century and 1948 needs to be filled in from the vantage point of Al Majdal's own culture and inhabitants. Al Majdal was not exactly a ghost town unless you consider Arabs or Muslims to be ghosts. It is for this reason that a separate page for AL Majdal is necessary in order to have freedom of thought and justice. This is not intended to be a political argument. I simply don't see how the current page Ashkelon can survive a transition from a mind-set that is fixated on European events to another that is concerned with local events like any other functional city. It needs to address historical landmarks such as the shrine of Imam Hussein and the fountain of Job (Biblical figure) for example. Users who keep redirecting Al majdal seem to be in denial of the fact that others once inhabited the city for a very long period of time. And that many important historical events took place over there and would need to link to somewhere when the topics are written and cleaned. Thank you for your consideration. HAE

 * You can still contribute to the history of Al-Majdal in the Ashkelon article. --Yodakii 07:35, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Al Majdal


text:
User talk:Asam pcit

Welcome
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15:48, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Asam pcit


text:
User talk:Luna Lovegood~enwiki

Re: Talk:Harry Potter
FYI, the tildes print your user signature. See Sign_your_posts_on_talk_pages

I also moved your comment in Talk:Harry Potter from the section after it, Individual Book Articles. Note that the edit link for each section at the top, in line with the title. The next one, which may appear at the bottom, is actually at the top of the one below. --Bigbluefish 15:48, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Luna Lovegood~enwiki


text:
User talk:Lwright

Welcome
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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

15:49, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lwright


text:
User talk:Sundaresh

Welcome
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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

15:49, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sundaresh


text:
Paul Mijksenaar

Paul Mijksenaar (born 1944, Amsterdam) is a designer of visual information and founder and director of the international design Bureau Mijksenaar, based in Amsterdam and New York City. In 1965, he graduated from the Institute for Applied Arts Education Amsterdam (IvKNO, later the Gerrit Rietveld Academie) in product design. He started off as a freelance product designer in 1966, then as a senior designer and team leader for the Associatie voor Total Design NV (or Total Design) in 1978 before establishing Bureau Mijksenaar in 1986.

Career
Mijksenaar is a specialist in creating visual information systems, such as wayfinding signage for railway stations and airports including New York's JFK and LaGuardia, New Jersey's Newark, and Amsterdam's Schiphol. His work for the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was echoed in the set design for Steven Spielberg's film The Terminal.

Besides his practice he is also a professor in Visual Information Design at the faculty of Industrial Design Engineering at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands. He also writes a monthly article in the Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad about everyday problems and solving them using information design.

Major publications

 * Paul Mijksenaar (2008). Wayfinding at Schiphol. Publisher: Graphic Design Museum. ISBN 9072637275, 9789072637277.
 * Paul Mijksenaar (2008). Wayfinding at Schiphol. Publisher: Graphic Design Museum. ISBN 9072637275, 9789072637277.
 * Paul Mijksenaar (2008). Wayfinding at Schiphol. Publisher: Graphic Design Museum. ISBN 9072637275, 9789072637277.

title: Paul Mijksenaar


text:
History of Dharmaśāstra

The History of Dharmaśāstra, with a subtitle "Ancient and Medieval Religious and Civil Law in India", is a monumental seven-volume work consisting of around 6,500 pages. It was authored by renowned Indologist Pandurang Vaman Kane. The first volume of the work was published in 1930 and the final one in 1962. The work is considered Kane's magnum opus in English.

This work researched the evolution of code of conduct in ancient and mediaeval India by looking into several texts and manuscripts compiled over the centuries. Dr Kane used the resources available at prestigious institutes such as the Asiatic Society of Mumbai and Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, among others. The work is known for its expanse and depth – ranging across diverse subjects such as the Mahabharata, the Puranas and Chanakya – including references to previously obscure sources. The richness in the work is attributed to his in-depth knowledge of Sanskrit. His success is believed to be an outcome of his objective study of the texts instead of deifying them.

Kane wrote the book Vyavaharamayukha and was in the process of writing an introductory passage on the history of Dharmaśāstra for this book, so that the reader would get an overall idea apart from the subject of the book. One thing led to another and this project snowballed into the major work that it is. All the same, he was categorical in saying that it is difficult to find an English equivalent of the word dharma. His output in the form of writings across the three languages of English, Sanskrit and Marathi span nearly 15,000 pages.

title: History of Dharmaśāstra


text: User talk:24.128.183.70

title: User talk:24.128.183.70


text:
User talk:Yayomak

Welcome
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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

15:51, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yayomak


text:
Jacob Bell (chemist)

Jacob Bell (5 March 1810 – 12 June 1859) was a British pharmaceutical chemist who worked to reform the profession. He served as a Whig  Member of Parliament (MP) for St Albans from 1850 to 1852.

Career
Bell was born in London, one of the six children of John Bell (1774–1849) and Eliza Smith (died 1839), his wife.

On the completion of his education, he joined his father in business as a chemist in Oxford Street, and at the same time attended chemistry lectures at the Royal Institution, and those on medicine at King's College London.

Always keenly alive to the interests of chemists in general, Bell conceived the idea of a society which should at once protect the interests of the trade, and improve its status, and at a public meeting held on 15 April 1841, it was resolved to found the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.

Bell carried his scheme through in the face of many difficulties, and further advanced the cause of pharmacy by establishing the Pharmaceutical Journal, and superintending its publication for eighteen years. The Pharmaceutical Society was incorporated by royal charter in 1843.

One of the first abuses to engage the attention of the new body was the practice of pharmacy by unqualified persons, and in 1845 Bell drew up the draft of a bill to deal with the matter, one of the provisions of which was the recognition of the Pharmaceutical Society as the governing body in all questions connected with pharmacy. For some time after this the question of pharmaceutical legislation was widely discussed.

In December 1850, Bell successfully contested a by-election in the borough of St Albans in order that he might be able to advocate his proposals for reform more effectually in parliament. In 1851 he brought forward a bill embodying these proposals. It passed its second reading, but was considerably whittled down in committee, and when eventually it became law it only partially represented its sponsor's intentions. Bell was the author of an Historical Sketch of the Progress of Pharmacy in Great Britain.

St Albans was disenfranchised for corruption in May 1852, and at the general election in July 1852 Bell stood unsuccessfully in Great Marlow. He stood again one more time, at a by-election in December 1854 for the borough of Marylebone, but did not win the seat.

His brother James was also a Liberal MP, from 1852 to 1857.

He was a friend of Edwin Landseer and a dog-lover: he owned both the dogs in Landseer's famous painting Dignity and Impudence. Bell bought William Powell Frith's painting The Derby Day from the artist in 1858 for £1,500, and left it to the National Gallery on his death in the following year, 12 June 1859.

title: Jacob Bell (chemist)


text:
User talk:Martinhs

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15:52, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Martinhs


text: File:Nightwish-everdream.jpg

title: File:Nightwish-everdream.jpg


text:
User talk:Andrea Garcia

Welcome
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15:52, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Andrea Garcia


text:
Kerry GAA

The Kerry County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), or Kerry GAA, is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland. It is responsible for Gaelic games in County Kerry, and for the Kerry county teams.

The Kerry branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association was founded in the year 1888. Football is the dominant sport in the county, with both the men's and women's teams among the strongest in the country at senior level. The county football team was the fourth from the province of Munster to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), as well as to appear in the final, following Limerick, Tipperary and Cork. Kerry is the most successful in the history of the All-Ireland SFC, topping the list of counties for All-Irelands won. It has won the competition on 38 occasions, including two four-in-a-rows (1929–1932, 1978–1981) and two three-in-a-rows (1939–1941, 1984–1986). It has also lost more finals than any other county (23).

The county hurling team won an All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) title in 1891, but is no longer capable of competing at this level. The team instead competes in the sport's secondary inter-county competition, the Joe McDonagh Cup. The camogie team does not compete at senior level.

County
– Molyneaux Cup – McElligott Cup – Barrett Cup – Cahill Cup - Kerry Cup
 * Kerry Senior Football Championship
 * Kerry Senior Hurling Championship
 * Kerry Intermediate Football Championship
 * Kerry Intermediate Hurling Championship
 * Kerry Junior Premier Football Championship
 * Kerry Junior Football Championship
 * Kerry Junior Hurling Championship
 * Kerry Novice Football Championship
 * Kerry Minor Football Championship
 * Kerry Minor Hurling Championship
 * Kerry Under-21 Football Championship
 * Kerry Under-21 Hurling Championship
 * Kerry County Senior Football League – Divisions 1–6
 * Kerry County Senior Hurling League – Divisions 1–3
 * Kerry County Senior Development Football League – Group 1–6
 * Kerry County Junior Cups ;

Football

 * East Kerry Senior Football Championship
 * Kenmare District Board Senior Championship
 * Mid Kerry Senior Football Championship
 * North Kerry Senior Football Championship
 * South Kerry Senior Football Championship
 * St Brendan’s / Tralee District Senior Football Championship
 * West Kerry Senior Football Championship

Hurling

 * North Kerry Senior Hurling Championship
 * South Kerry Senior Hurling Championship

East Kerry

 * East Kerry GAA
 * Kenmare GAA (District Team) (South-East Kerry)

Mid Kerry

 * Mid Kerry GAA
 * St Brendan's Board GAA (Tralee area)
 * Tralee GAA (Tralee area - juvenile only)

North Kerry

 * Feale Rangers GAA (North Kerry)
 * Shannon Rangers GAA (North Kerry)
 * St Kieran's GAA (Kerry) (East Kerry)

South Kerry

 * South Kerry GAA

West Kerry

 * West Kerry GAA

County team
Kerry are the most successful team in football history, having won the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship on 38 occasions and the National Football League 21 times. The team is also the holders of a number of distinctive records in football championship history. They have contested 59 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Finals, the next highest participator being Dublin with 36 appearances. Kerry's record in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship involves having played 30 of the 31 other counties, with only Kilkenny being the exception.

The traditional Irish game of caid, from which modern football developed, was especially popular in Kerry. The GAA was formed in 1884 and codified the modern rules of the game, which were soon adopted in Kerry clubs such as Laune Rangers. Despite this, the county team did not win an All-Ireland Football Championship in the nineteenth century. The 1903 title was the first won by Kerry, with them beating London in the final at a time when London were given a bye to that stage of the championship; Kerry's overall exceptional success in the game began in this period.

The Kerry team of the 1970s and 1980s were considered to be the greatest in the history of football and its manager (Mick O'Dwyer) one of the greatest of all time. Of the 20 All-Ireland finals held during those two decades, Kerry participated in 12, with victory coming on 9 occasions. During this time most other finals were won by Dublin, and there was a major rivalry between the two counties especially during the 1970s and 1980s. In 1982, Kerry came within one minute of winning an unprecedented fifth All-Ireland title in a row, only for a late goal by Offaly's Séamus Darby (controversial as manyclaimed Darby pushed the Kerry defender, Tommy Doyle, in the back) gave the title to Offaly. This goal was voted third in a poll to find the Top 20 GAA Moments.

Towards the end of the 1980s, Kerry went into decline and did not appear in an All-Ireland final for 11 years, between 1986 and 1997. The 1997 victory, however, would mark the beginning of a revival for Kerry which spanned roughly the first decade of the 21st century. Of the 15 All-Ireland finals between 1997 and 2011, Kerry contested ten and won six, including five titles in the 2000s. In 2006 and 2007, Kerry won consecutive All-Ireland titles (the first to do so since Cork in 1989 and 1990), while in 2009, they became only the third team to reach six consecutive All-Ireland finals, winning their 36th title by beating Cork in that final. Kerry quietly exited the 2010 and 2012 All-Ireland Senior Football Championships at the quarter-final stage, losing to Down and Donegal respectively, while Dublin defeated them in dramatic fashion on the last kick in the 2011 final. Dublin were also responsible for their exit at the semi-final stage in 2013 in a closely contested classic match. Kerry won their 37th All-Ireland title in 2014 against Donegal, winning by a margin of 2–09 to 0–12. This win was notable due to Kerry's fairly young squad and a belief that Kerry were becoming unable to produce the talent they once had, after pundit Joe Brolly had suggested as such. In the aftermath of the game, Kerry player Kieran Donaghy gave a famous interview in which he directly referenced Brolly's claim that the 'production line' in Kerry had stopped, with Donaghy speaking directly to the camera and asking 'Well, Joe Brolly, what do you think of that?'. The next year, Kerry again reached the All-Ireland final, only this time to be comfortably beaten by Dublin, 0–12 to 0–9. The next two years saw Kerry bow out at the Semi-Final stage. In 2016, they were narrowly defeated by Dublin in a thrilling encounter, while in 2017 they were beaten by Mayo in a replay – their first championship defeat to Mayo in 21 years. Kerry crashed out of the 2018 championships at the group stages of the new Super Eights format. However, in 2019 Kerry reached their first All-Ireland final for four years. The first match was drawn 1–16 to 1–16, with the final to be played on 14 September.

Kerry's 2009 title was also notable since it followed the return of Tadhg Kennelly. The son of Tim Kennelly, a five-time All-Ireland winner with Kerry, and a former talented underage player with the county, he had joined the AFL's Sydney Swans and become the first Irish player to win an AFL Premiership in 2005 (the Swans' first in 72 years). Following Tim's death later that year, he elected to return to Ireland and rejoin Kerry in 2009 in pursuit of winning an All-Ireland of his own playing for the county. After he succeeded and became the first player to have won an All-Ireland and an AFL Premiership, he returned to Australia and the Swans to finish his career.

Clubs
Kerry has a shortage of hurling referees at club level. A 2020 report cited the example that, when the Kilmoyley, Lixnaw or Causeway clubs are playing Ballyduff in any game, only two referees can officiate (due to the need for an appearance of neutrality) and one of these has work commitments outside Kerry, which affects his availability.

County team
For many years the senior team played in the Junior and Intermediate Championships and had some success. They won All-Ireland titles at Junior level in 1961 and 1972, and won a Munster Championship at junior level in 1956. At Intermediate level they won Munster titles in 1970 and 1973. In 2003, team made it to the fourth round of the qualifiers only to go down to Limerick 1–14 to 0–24 in Austin Stack Park in Tralee. Along the way they beat Westmeath, Carlow and beaten Ulster finalists Derry. The wins over Westmeath and Carlow represented the first time a Kerry team strung two consecutive Championship victories together. It also marked the first occasion that the Kerry hurling team played more championship games then the Kerry football team. The advent of the Christy Ring Cup has seen Kerry become very competitive. They first made the semi-finals in 2009 where they lost out to Carlow after a replay. They went a step more in 2010 making the final but losing out to Westmeath. In 2011 they again made the final, but this time won the title with voctory over Wicklow. From 2013 to 2015 they made the final each year, losing to Down in 2013 and Kildare in 2014 before finally getting over the line thanks to victory over Derry. Kerry won the Division 2A final of the 2015 National Hurling League and advanced to the relegation/promotion match with favorites Antrim, a late point by substitute John Egan saw Kerry advance to Division 1B. In 2016, Kerry played in the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship round robin along with Carlow, Westmeath and Offaly. During the 2018 Munster Senior Hurling League Kerry recorded their first ever senior victory over Cork beating them 1-23 to 1-13 at Austin Stack Park. On 8 January 2022 Kerry recorded their first victory over Tipperary 0-17 to 0-14 in the Munster Hurling Cup quarter-final. At the time it was deemed Kerry's greatest hurling success in Austin Stack Park since they beat All-Ireland champions Clare by 3-7 to 1-8 in opening round of 1995-96 NHL.

Ladies' football
Kerry have the following achievements in ladies' football.
 * All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship: 11
 * 1976, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993
 * All-Ireland Under-18 Ladies' Football Championship:  3
 * 1980, 1981, 1995
 * All-Ireland Under-16 Ladies' Football Championship:  2
 * 1999, 2011
 * All-Ireland Under-14 Ladies' Football Championship:  6
 * 1991, 1992, 1993, 1999, 2008, 2014

Camogie
Cillard and a selected Kerry team won divisional honours at Féile na nGael in 2008, 2009 and 2010.

Under Camogie's National Development Plan 2010–2015, "Our Game, Our Passion", Donegal, Kerry, Mayo and Monaghan were to get a total of 14 new clubs by 2015.

Kerry won Division 3 of the National Camogie League in 2018

Kerry won Division 2A of the National Camogie League in 2023 [They defeated Meath in the Final at Croke Park in April]

Clanmaurice Camogie Club from North Kerry won the 2023 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Camogie Championship [They beat Na Fianna (Meath) in the Final at Croke Park on 17 December by 1-7 to 0-7]

Eponyms
Several clubs in cities worldwide use the "Kerry" or "The Kingdom" name. These include:
 * Kerry Boston, based in the United States
 * Kerry New York, based in the United States
 * Kingdom Kerry Gaels, based in England

Proposed museum
A "Kerry GAA Museum" at Fitzgerald Stadium in Killarney has been proposed. An application for planning permission was made in 2017 by Kerry Gaelic Culture Museum Ltd. This application expired in 2022.

title: Kerry GAA


text:
Ever Dream

"Ever Dream" is the sixth single by Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish. Released as the lead single from the band's fourth studio album, Century Child, it was the group's first single release in two years, following "Deep Silent Complete" in 2000.

The song is of a more operatic nature than later works and the music itself is more on the heavy metal side. It still being played live since 2002 until today. "Ever Dream" was certified with Gold Disc in Finland two days after release, with more than 5,000 sold copies, and later got Platinum Disc with more than 10,000 sold copies.

Live performances
In live performances of the song, the intro is played differently, with only the keyboard and vocals present for the first verse, before all the band comes in after the intro.

"Ever Dream" was written for the voice of Tarja Turunen. She sang the song less operatically than earlier songs, such as "Sacrament of Wilderness". Nightwish still played it live with Anette Olzon, who replaced Turunen in 2007, and currently with Floor Jansen. Olzon changed some notes in the performances to better fit her vocal range and style, for instance: she sings the chorus in a less operatic style.

"Ever Dream" was the demo recorded by Olzon and sent to the band as her audition to replace Turunen.

When asked about her favorite song from Nightwish's first albums, Olzon said:

All the songs from the new album Dark Passion Play, "Ever Dream" and "Higher Than Hope".

Track listing

 * 1) "Ever Dream" – 4:43
 * 2) "The Phantom of the Opera" (Andrew Lloyd Webber cover) – 4:09
 * 3) "The Wayfarer" (non-album track) – 3:25

Personnel

 * Tarja Turunen – Lead vocals
 * Emppu Vuorinen – Guitars
 * Marko Hietala – Bass guitar, male vocals
 * Tuomas Holopainen – Keyboards
 * Jukka Nevalainen – Drums

title: Ever Dream


text:
Punisher (1995 series)

Punisher (1995 series) is a comic book series starring the fictional Marvel Comics vigilante the Punisher.

Publication history
This series followed The Punisher (1985 limited series) and The Punisher (1987 ongoing series), but without "The" in the title. It is the fourth ongoing series to feature the Punisher after the 1987 series, The Punisher War Journal (1988–1995), and The Punisher War Zone (1992–1995). The series was published by the Marvel Comics imprint Marvel Edge and ran for 18 issues from November 1995 to April 1997, all written by John Ostrander.

Issues

 * 1) Condemned
 * 2) Family
 * 3) Hatchet Job
 * 4) Clash
 * 5) Firepower
 * 6) Hostage to the Devil
 * 7) He's Alive!
 * 8) Vengeance is Mine!
 * 9) Tumbling Down
 * 10) Last Shot Fired
 * 11) Onslaught Impact 2 - Manhattan Onslaught
 * 12) Total X-tinction 01
 * 13) Total X-tinction 02
 * 14) Total X-tinction 03
 * 15) Total X-tinction 04
 * 16) Total X-tinction 05
 * 17) Dead Man Walking
 * 18) Double Cross

Story
The series begins with Frank Castle on death row for the murder of Nick Fury, with the mafia staging Castle's electrocution in order to recruit him into their rankings, which he eventually accepts. During this time he goes by his Italian birth name, Castiglione.

Throughout the series, he is later betrayed by the mob boss, and survived numerous attempts on his life. He is also recruited by S.H.I.E.L.D. to provide protection to a pastor who preaches equality for both humans and mutants alike. The series concludes with Castle, now suffering from amnesia, living in an abandoned Catholic Church. He does remember bits of his violent life, and seems to believe he has a mission.

title: Punisher (1995 series)


text:
User talk:MatthewHoffman

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia , I hope you will like it here and decide to stay.

You may want to take a look at the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages.

Here are some links I've found useful:
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Merge
 * New user log
 * Be Bold
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off
 * Wikiquette
 * Contributing to Wikipedia
 * User page
 * How to upload files
 * Image copyright tags

Also: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~~~~. This will automatically add your username and the time after your comments. Signing with three tildes ~~~ will just sign your username. I hope to see you around Wikipedia! If you have any questions, feel free to contact me on my talk page!

Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

15:55, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

3RR warning
Please read and abide by WP:3RR. FeloniousMonk 18:31, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

You have violated the three-revert rule. Any administrator may now choose to block your account. In the future, please make an effort to discuss your changes further, instead of edit warring. Please slow down and avoid administrative actions that might end up with your editing priveleges restricted. Thanks--Filll 18:48, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

As you can see, my 24-hour block was set at 22:07 yesterday, but the system now says it won't expire until after 02:00 on the 17th...why is my block being extended?

Also, I was unaware of the three revert rule until after I had done the third revert. However, I notice that, although the others reverting my changes were not responding to my legitimate reason for having done so (the source they were using was a public policy paper, not a scientific paper, and it pertained to the definitions of words used by those opposed to the policy advocated by the paper's authors). Matthew C. Hoffman 00:16, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

 * You're apparently not blocked. You might be getting auto-blocked, but I'll have to check it out.  Just hang tight.  --Haemo 01:22, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

Thanks! Matthew C. Hoffman 01:26, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

 * You seem to be aware of WP:3RR. Please note that it's a prohibition on edit warring, not a license to revert three times. Also, have a good look at NPOV: Pseudoscience, NPOV: Undue weight, NPOV: Making necessary assumptions, NPOV: Giving "equal validity", and also see what WP:RS has to say about tertiary sources. ... dave souza, talk 21:39, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

Why not...
... if you think that Intelligent Design is unfairly characterised as Creationism on Wikipedia, argue that point at Talk:Intelligent Design rather than edit-warring on Irreducible Complexity?

Having changed the definition in the main article, it will be easy to change the way the subject is described in all other articles. Sheffield Steel talkstalk 21:45, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

Irreducible Complexity debate
Thought you might want to weigh in at Talk:Irreducible_complexity.Tstrobaugh 14:14, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

Unblocked

 * Have the "uncivil" or "impolite" comments by Matthew been removed so that ordinary users can no longer see them? Are you, Vanished user, open to recall as an administrator? Alice.S  21:58, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Alice, questions like that are best asked at Vanished's talk page, not here. Carcharoth (talk) 23:13, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Matthew, please note that there is disagreement over whether your indefinite block was warranted. I for one found nothing incivil or impolite in your contributions. I have asked Adam to provide evidence of this alleged behaviour, but until that time I think you should be allowed to edit under the same restrictions as any other editor, which does, as Adam points out, include not edit warring and being civil. It also includes discussing things on talk pages, but then your contributions show you already know that. Carcharoth (talk) 23:13, 28 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I concur that, at least by Singaporean standards, I saw no lack of civility. Maybe we're less polite than we believe in the Lion city. Alice.S  01:49, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Good call, Adam. Thank you for being man enough to reconsider your decision. I guess it must be very difficult with so many vandals and IP's on the loose, but I do think admins should be very cautious about alleging puppetry where folks edit under their real names. Alice.S  01:53, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

Welcome back!
May I be one of the first to congratulate you, Matthew, especially as you have been brave enough to use your real name and very politely and patiently make your case for being allowed to help build a better encyclopedia.

Wikipedia is a wonderful place and please do not let this incident discourage you from improving this remarkable educational resource. You were very fortunate to survive an allegation of Sockpuppetry as it is almost impossible to counter this ultimate put-down according to WP's current rules and procedures. Alice.S 01:43, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

Request for Arbitration: notification
I've placed a request Requests for arbitration for an Arbitration case, in the matter of your block, in which you would be a party. Charles Matthews 08:36, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

Requests for arbitration/Matthew Hoffman
An Arbitration case involving you has been opened, and is located here. Please add any evidence you may wish the Arbitrators to consider to the evidence sub-page, Requests for arbitration/Matthew Hoffman/Evidence. Please submit your evidence within one week, if possible. You may also contribute to the case on the workshop sub-page, Requests for arbitration/Matthew Hoffman/Workshop.

On behalf of the Arbitration Committee,  Cbrown1023   talk   17:48, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

Requests for arbitration/Matthew Hoffman
This arbitration case has been closed and the final decision is available at the link above. The Arbitration Committee finds that the blocks on User:MatthewHoffman were unjustified. It also states that Vanished user's adminship will be waived at this time. Vanished user may regain his sysop access by application to the Committee, upon demonstration of six months editing in compliance with communal norms and conduct standards. If regained, he will then be placed on parole with regard to both conduct and admin tool use for a further period of six months. For the arbitration committee,  Cbrown1023   talk   13:50, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:MatthewHoffman


text: User talk:69.134.121.252

title: User talk:69.134.121.252


text:
Andrea Palma

Andrea Palma (b. Trapani, 1644 or 1664 – d. 1730) was an 18th-century Italian architect, working in the Baroque style. He is credited with being one of the most notable architects of the Sicilian Baroque movement.

His works include the Cathedral of Syracuse, which was recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Other works by Palma include "Chiesa di Santa Maria di Montevergini", and the Chiesa di San Gioacchino, whose baroque facade he designed in the early 18th century.

title: Andrea Palma


text:
Gangwon

Gangwon or Kangwŏn may refer to:

 * Gangwon Province (historical), the Goryeo, Joseon Dynasty and the Japanese Korean province
 * Gangwon Province (South Korea), a province of South Korea, with its capital at Chuncheon. Before the division of Korea in 1945, Gangwon and its North Korean neighbour Kangwŏn formed a single province
 * Kangwon Province (North Korea), a province of North Korea, with its capital at Wŏnsan. Before the division of Korea in 1945, Kangwŏn Province and its South Korean neighbour Gangwon Province (also spelled Kangwon Province) formed a single province that excluded Wŏnsan
 * Gangwon FC, a South Korean football club. Based in Gangwon Province of South Korea, Gangwon FC joined the K League as its 15th club for the 2009 season

title: Gangwon


text:
Talk:Gangwon

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Gangwon Province, South Korea which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 11:30, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gangwon


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for comment/Schools

Proposal by Robert McClenon
Articles about schools are often the subject of contentious Articles for Deletion (AfD) disputes. I would like to suggest that we develop a consensus that can become a guideline.

Here are my own thoughts:
 * 1) All schools of higher education (those awarding degrees, or of a comparable level in the educational systems of the countries in which they are located) are inherently notable and are reasonable subjects of articles.  Stubs about schools of higher education should be retained for expansion.  The usual rules on verifiability apply.
 * 2) Well-written articles of at least 150 words (more than stub length) on secondary schools that pass the test of verifiability should not be deleted.  Notability or importance should not be essential to retention of articles on secondary schools.  Wikipedia is not paper and does not have size limitations.
 * 3) Stubs on secondary schools should be candidates for speedy deletion unless they indicate why the school is notable.  (In other words, if you think that an article should be written about a secondary school, either write it, or explain why it should be written.)
 * 4) Articles on elementary schools should only be retained if the school is notable, typically for having received awards for quality, or being the leading example of an educational philosophy, or having been the subject of journalistic articles.
 * 5) Stubs on elementary schools should be candidates for speedy deletion unless they indicate why the school is notable.

Those are my suggestions. Comments are welcome. Robert McClenon 15:56, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * This endeavor has been attempted before. See: Schools. — Phil Welch 19:58, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above seems reasonable to me, and fairly balances the interests of Wikipedia with the interests of those who wish to use it as a reference. I would make one point, however, that any accredited college or university (whatever they are called in their native country) would and should fit into category 1, and that there must not be any discrimination based on the commercial, noncommercial, academic, vocational, public, or private nature of that institution, as long as it is accedited by a recognized regional or national accrediting body. -- BBlackmoor (talk) 18:09, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Response by Nicodemus75
I am tempted to not even bother commenting here, but since it might get some attention here goes:

 * 1) This is an inherently anaemic attempt to resolve the problem. Concensus will clearly not be reached by RfC if Schools has already failed (and miserably so).
 * 2) Reject Robert McClenon's points 3, 4 and 5 with extreme prejudice. These points IMO are unworkable in the extreme (especially point 3 to speedy delete stubs) as they fly in the face of all the concensus established over the past 10 months at VfD/AfD to not delete school stubs, elementary schools, etc. Any attempt to hardwire notability as a valid criterion for school deletion will be violently opposed by a significant plurality of those interested in school articles. Not because they necessarily disagree, but because the threshold for what is and what is not notable in a school is so demonstrably subjective as the demands of deletionists with respect to notability are completely baffling to many of us who have tried to demonstrate the notability of schools.
 * 3) All schools (of any level) that can be verified have a place on WP. Stubs and poorly written articles should be referred to a Project for clean-up instead of AfD.
 * 4) Some administrative intervention is required to stop the campaigning to delete school articles. AfD is not a tool to force the cleanup of poorly written articles, nor as a tool to wage a war against school articles, nor as a method of making POINTS.

--Nicodemus75 18:23, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Response by Fubar Obfusco
This is a point-by-point response to Robert McClenon's proposal:

 * 1) (Higher education) I broadly agree with Robert. We may need to work something out about non-accredited institutions, but certainly institutions which grant accredited or widely-accepted degress are notable.
 * 2) (Well-written articles on secondary schools) Again I broadly agree. An article that says something interesting about a high school should be kept.
 * 3) (Stubs on secondary schools) I disagree with Robert. Stubs on secondary schools should not be speedily deleted. They should be merged into articles or lists on school districts or similar aggregates. For instance, if nothing interesting is said about Hayfield Secondary School in Fairfax County, Virginia, then it should be merged into Fairfax County Public Schools.
 * 4) (Articles on elementary schools) I again agree; there are certainly criteria, such as the ones Robert gives, by which elementary schools can be worthy of their own encyclopedia articles.
 * 5) (Stubs on elementary schools) I again disagree with Robert. Stubs on elementary schools should be merged to articles or lists on school districts or similar aggregates.

In short:

 * Stubs or articles on higher education institutions -- keep.
 * Articles saying something notable about an elementary or secondary school -- keep.
 * Stubs about elementary or secondary schools -- merge.

How's that sound? --FOo 03:25, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Response by Idont Havaname
One additional comment: Much thanks to Robert for starting this RfC. We definitely do need a consensus on which schools to keep and on which content should be included in a school article. Otherwise, "keep all schools" leads to "keep all teachers" (some school articles essentially list all of their teachers' resumes), "oh, my teacher is notable; can I have an article??", "why are these students included here? Can I have an article??", until we turn into the Grand Myspace Encyclopedia. Thankfully, we were able to build a consensus on bands, webcomics, and the like; I hope that we can hammer out something similar regarding schools. (I also have a discussion of schools on my Wikiphilosophies subpage, and I'm working on expanding that.) --Idont Havaname 17:21, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) (Higher education) I agree, and this is largely undisputed.  All universities, colleges, graduate schools, and comparable institutions deserve an article, as long as they are not degree mills.  It's common practice to list in somebody's article where they earned their bachelor's, master's, PhD, MD, JD, etc.
 * 2) (Secondary schools) I am a huge believer in notability as a requirement for the inclusion of an article.  However, with high schools I tend not to apply this so swiftly.  Regarding the notability of schools, I ask myself, "Does this school give most people the last dose of school-based education that they get before entering the real world?"  This helps me determine, "Ok, if there are notable alumni here, will their articles list that they went to this school?"  That is to say, their articles probably would list a secondary school (some actors, basketball players, and the like didn't attend a university, so a secondary school is the highest school they attended), but I doubt that it would list a primary school.  If they went to your primary school, that's largely coincidental.  Likewise for kindergartens, preschools, day care centers, etc.  However, since many people count their high school as the place where they received their highest education, I would say keep the high schools after determining that their existence is verifiable.
 * 3) (Speedy deletion of secondary school stubs) I disagree.  See WP:CSD A1 for why: "Limited content is not in itself a reason to delete if there is enough context to allow expansion."  I support merging them into articles on their school districts, per Foo.
 * 4) (Elementary schools) Include them iff they are the subject of a national news story (or a news story in their country and surrounding countries, if their own country is not large in land area), i.e. if people outside their own city/county have heard of the school.  I liken writing articles on individual elementary schools to writing articles on local McDonald's restaurants.  Give elementary school its own article, but there is no need for articles on each specific elementary school in glorious detail.  (I'd also say that this is the case for middle schools as well, but not high schools.)  If a famous kid attends an elementary school, they will most likely go on to attend a secondary school; and saying in somebody's article what elementary school they attended is rather ridiculous.  Not many people, when looking for a job, put which elementary school they attended on their resume or job application; they will probably put their high school if they did not attend a college/university.
 * 5) (Elementary school stubs) Agree, for the same reasons I listed for elementary schools.  However, I would also support merging them, if consensus is reached for keeping all elementary schools in some form or fashion.


text:
Talk:Chaski

Untitled
anybody ever hear of a "flaming chaski"?

Chaski playing a pututo
According to the caption of the picture, the Chaski is "playing a pututo". The article in the German Wikipedia uses the same picture and the caption reads "Chaski chewing a coca leaf". I wonder which one is right, as neither article has any references. --Kobraton (talk) 10:13, 5 August 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chaski


text:
User talk:Heleneca

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia , I hope you will like it here and decide to stay.

You may want to take a look at the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages.

Here are some links I've found useful:
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Merge
 * New user log
 * Be Bold
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off
 * Wikiquette
 * Contributing to Wikipedia
 * User page
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Johann Wolfgang [ T ... C ]

15:57, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Heleneca


text:
Jeju

Jeju may refer to:
 * Jeju Island (Jejudo), an island of South Korea
 * Jeju Province (formerly transliterated Cheju), a province of South Korea comprising Jejudo
 * Jeju City, the biggest city on Jejudo
 * Jeju dog, a dog native to Jejudo
 * Jeju language, the Koreanic language spoken on Jejudo
 * Jeju people
 * Jeju Black, a cattle breed from the island
 * Jeju horse
 * Jeju Air, an airline operating from Jejudo
 * Jeju Bank, the subsidiary of Shinhan Bank
 * Jeju (woreda), one of the 180 woredas district in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia
 * Jeju Shinhwa World, a fully integrated South Korean resort located on Jeju Island
 * Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, an Amazonian fish known as jeju

title: Jeju


text:
Talk:Jeju

Recommendation to remove link
Is there any evidence that the word ‘Jeju’ is ever used to refer to the Shinhwa World casino resort that is located on Jeju island? I doubt it. 84.66.15.8 (talk) 20:06, 1 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jeju