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Video search engine

A video search engine is a web-based search engine which crawls the web for video content. Some video search engines parse externally hosted content while others allow content to be uploaded and hosted on their own servers. Some engines also allow users to search by video format type and by length of the clip. The video search results are usually accompanied by a thumbnail view of the video.

Video search engines are computer programs designed to find videos stored on digital devices, either through Internet servers or in storage units from the same computer. These searches can be made through audiovisual indexing, which can extract information from audiovisual material and record it as metadata, which will be tracked by search engines.

Utility
The main use of these search engines is the increasing creation of audiovisual content and the need to manage it properly. The digitization of audiovisual archives and the establishment of the Internet, has led to large quantities of video files stored in big databases, whose recovery can be very difficult because of the huge volumes of data and the existence of a semantic gap.

Search criterion
The search criterion used by each search engine depends on its nature and purpose of the searches.

Metadata
Metadata is information about facts. It could be information about who is the author of the video, creation date, duration, and all the information that could be extracted and included in the same files. Internet is often used in a language called XML to encode metadata, which works very well through the web and is readable by people. Thus, through this information contained in these files is the easiest way to find data of interest to us.

In the videos there are two types of metadata, that we can integrate in the video code itself and external metadata from the page where the video is. In both cases we optimize them to make them ideal when indexed.

Internal metadata
All video formats incorporate their own metadata. The title, description, coding quality or transcription of the content are possible. To review these data exist programs like FLV MetaData Injector, Sorenson Squeeze or Castfire. Each one has some utilities and special specifications.

Converting from one format to another can lose much of this data, so check that the new format information is correct. It is therefore advisable to have the video in multiple formats, so all search robots will be able to find and index it.

External metadata
In most cases the same mechanisms must be applied as in the positioning of an image or text content.

Title and description
They are the most important factors when positioning a video, because they contain most of the necessary information. The titles have to be clearly descriptive and should remove every word or phrase that is not useful.

Filename
It should be descriptive, including keywords that describe the video with no need to see their title or description. Ideally, separate the words by dashes "-".

Tags
On the page where the video is, it should be a list of keywords linked to the microformat "rel-tag". These words will be used by search engines as a basis for organizing information.

Transcription and subtitles
Although not completely standard, there are two formats that store information in a temporal component that is specified, one for subtitles and another for transcripts, which can also be used for subtitles. The formats are SRT or SUB for subtitles and TTXT for transcripts.

Speech recognition
Speech recognition consists of a transcript of the speech of the audio track of the videos, creating a text file. In this way and with the help of a phrase extractor can easily search if the video content is of interest. Some search engines apart from using speech recognition to search for videos, also use it to find the specific point of a multimedia file in which a specific word or phrase is located and so go directly to this point. Gaudi (Google Audio Indexing), a project developed by Google Labs, uses voice recognition technology to locate the exact moment that one or more words have been spoken within an audio, allowing the user to go directly to exact moment that the words were spoken. If the search query matches some videos from YouTube, the positions are indicated by yellow markers, and must pass the mouse over to read the transcribed text.

Speaker recognition
In addition to transcription, analysis can detect different speakers and sometime attribute the speech to an identified name for the speaker.

Text recognition
The text recognition can be very useful to recognize characters in the videos through "chyrons". As with speech recognizers, there are search engines that allow (through character recognition) to play a video from a particular point.

TalkMiner, an example of search of specific fragments from videos by text recognition, analyzes each video once per second looking for identifier signs of a slide, such as its shape and static nature, captures the image of the slide and uses Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to detect the words on the slides. Then, these words are indexed in the search engine of TalkMiner, which currently offers to users more than 20,000 videos from institutions such as Stanford University, the University of California at Berkeley, and TED.

Frame analysis
Through the visual descriptors we can analyze the frames of a video and extract information that can be scored as metadata. Descriptions are generated automatically and can describe different aspects of the frames, such as color, texture, shape, motion, and the situation.

Chaptering
The video analysis can lead to automatic chaptering, using technics such as change of camera angle, identification of audio jingles. By knowing the typical structure of a video document, it is possible to identify starting and ending credits, content parts and beginning and ending of advertising breaks.

Ranking criterion
The usefulness of a search engine depends on the relevance of the result set returned. While there may be millions of videos that include a particular word or phrase, some videos may be more relevant, popular or have more authority than others. This arrangement has a lot to do with search engine optimization.

Most search engines use different methods to classify the results and provide the best video in the first results. However, most programs allow sorting the results by several criteria.

Order by relevance
This criterion is more ambiguous and less objective, but sometimes it is the closest to what we want; depends entirely on the searcher and the algorithm that the owner has chosen. That's why it has always been discussed and now that search results are so ingrained into our society it has been discussed even more. This type of management often depends on the number of times that the searched word comes out, the number of viewings of this, the number of pages that link to this content and ratings given by users who have seen it.

Order by date of upload
This is a criterion based totally on timeline. Results can be sorted according to their seniority in the repository.

Order by number of views
It can give us an idea of the popularity of each video.

Order by length
This is the length of the video and can give a taste of which video it is.

Order by user rating
It is common practice in repositories let the users rate the videos, so that a content of quality and relevance will have a high rank on the list of results gaining visibility. This practice is closely related to virtual communities.

Interfaces
We can distinguish two basic types of interfaces, some are web pages hosted on servers which are accessed by Internet and searched through the network, and the others are computer programs that search within a private network.

Internet
Within Internet interfaces we can find repositories that host video files which incorporate a search engine that searches only their own databases, and video searchers without repository that search in sources of external software.

Repositories with video searcher
Provides accommodation in video files stored on its servers and usually has an integrated search engine that searches through videos uploaded by its users. One of the first web repositories, or at least the most famous are the portals Vimeo, Dailymotion and YouTube.

Their searches are often based on reading the metadata tags, titles and descriptions that users assign to their videos. The disposal and order criterion of the results of these searches are usually selectable between the file upload date, the number of viewings or what they call the relevance. Still, sorting criteria are nowadays the main weapon of these websites, because the positioning of videos is important in terms of promotion.

Video searchers repositories
They are websites specialized in searching videos across the network or certain pre-selected repositories. They work by web spiders that inspect the network in an automated way to create copies of the visited websites, which will then be indexed by search engines, so they can provide faster searches.

Private network
Sometimes a search engine only searches in audiovisual files stored within a computer or, as it happens in televisions, on a private server where users access through a local area network. These searchers are usually software or rich Internet applications with a very specific search options for maximum speed and efficiency when presenting the results. They are typically used for large databases and are therefore highly focused to satisfy the needs of television companies. An example of this type of software would be the Digition Suite, which apart from being a benchmark in this kind of interfaces is very close to us as for the storage and retrieval files system from the Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals.

This particular suite and perhaps in its strongest point is that it integrates the entire process of creating, indexing, storing, searching, editing, and a recovery. Once we have a digitized audiovisual content is indexed with different techniques of different level depending on the importance of content and it's stored. The user, when he wants to retrieve a particular file, has to fill a search fields such as program title, issue date, characters who act or the name of the producer, and the robot starts the search. Once the results appear and they arranged according to preferences, the user can play the low quality videos to work as quickly as possible. When he finds the desired content, it is downloaded with good definition, it's edited and reproduced.

Design and algorithms
Video search has evolved slowly through several basic search formats which exist today and all use keywords. The keywords for each search can be found in the title of the media, any text attached to the media and content linked web pages, also defined by authors and users of video hosted resources.

Some video search is performed using human powered search, others create technological systems that work automatically to detect what is in the video and match the searchers needs. Many efforts to improve video search including both human powered search as well as writing algorithm that recognize what's inside the video have meant complete redevelopment of search efforts.

It is generally acknowledged that speech to text is possible, though recently Thomas Wilde, the new CEO of Everyzing, acknowledged that Everyzing works 70% of the time when there is music, ambient noise or more than one person speaking. If newscast style speaking (one person, speaking clearly, no ambient noise) is available, that can rise to 93%. (From the Web Video Summit, San Jose, CA, June 27, 2007).

Around 40 phonemes exist in every language with about 400 in all spoken languages. Rather than applying a text search algorithm after speech-to-text processing is completed, some engines use a phonetic search algorithm to find results within the spoken word. Others work by literally listening to the entire podcast and creating a text transcription using a sophisticated speech-to-text process. Once the text file is created, the file can be searched for any number of search words and phrases.

It is generally acknowledged that visual search into video does not work well and that no company is using it publicly. Researchers at UC San Diego and Carnegie Mellon University have been working on the visual search problem for more than 15 years, and admitted at a "Future of Search" conference at UC Berkeley in spring 2007 that it was years away from being viable even in simple search.

Agnostic search
Search that is not affected by the hosting of video, where results are agnostic no matter where the video is located:
 * blinkx was launched in 2004 and uses speech recognition and visual analysis to process spidered video rather than rely on metadata alone. blinkx claims to have the largest archive of video on the web and puts its collection at around 26,000,000 hours of content.
 * CastTV is a Web-wide video search engine that was founded in 2006 and funded by Draper Fisher Jurvetson, Ron Conway, and Marc Andreessen.
 * Munax released their first version all-content search engine in 2005 and powers both nationwide and worldwide search engines with video search.
 * Picsearch Video Search has been licensed to search portals since 2006. Picsearch is a search technology provider who powers image, video and audio search for over 100 major search engines around the world.

Non-agnostic search
Search results are modified, or suspect, due to the large hosted video being given preferential treatment in search results:
 * AOL Video offers a video search engine that can be used to find video located on popular video destinations across the web. In December 2005, AOL acquired Truveo Video Search.
 * Bing video search is a search engine powered by Bing and also used by Yahoo! Video Search.
 * Google Videos is a video search engine from Google.
 * Tencent Video offers video search from Tencent.

title: Video search engine


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Talk:Darrell Issa

Carl Demaio campaign ads
Issa's campaign released advertisements that highlighted Carl Demaio's sexuality. Demaio was also a candidate for the 48th district and Issa defended his campaign ads stating that the campaign was taking headlines from newspapers. Could an article on said scandal get inserted to the page? 2600:8801:FB13:6B00:7EBF:94CA:BBB8:65D4 (talk) 01:31, 23 February 2024 (UTC)

 * This is a request for a contribution to this page  2600:8801:FB13:6B00:7EBF:94CA:BBB8:65D4 (talk) 01:34, 23 February 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Darrell Issa


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Jean-Thomas Taschereau

Jean-Thomas Taschereau may refer to:

 * Jean-Thomas Taschereau (1778–1832), Canadian politician and judge
 * Jean-Thomas Taschereau (judge) (1814–1893), Canadian jurist, his son

title: Jean-Thomas Taschereau


text: User talk:65.12.206.34

title: User talk:65.12.206.34


text:
User talk:Dparmet

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! →Jo urna list  >>talk<<  20:52, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Your submission at Articles for creation: Dean Anastos (December 27)
 Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by Theroadislong was:

The comment the reviewer left was:

Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved.

 * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to Draft:Dean Anastos and click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
 * If you now believe the draft cannot meet Wikipedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to Draft:Dean Anastos, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window, add "db-self" at the top of the draft text and save.
 * If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&action=edit&section=new&nosummary=1&preload=Template:Afc_decline/HD_preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Dean_Anastos Articles for creation help desk] or on the [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Theroadislong&action=edit&section=new&nosummary=1&preload=Template:Afc_decline/HD_preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Dean_Anastos reviewer's talk page].
 * You can also use Wikipedia's real-time chat help from experienced editors.

Theroadislong (talk) 15:04, 27 December 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dparmet


text:
Jean-Thomas Taschereau (judge)

Jean-Thomas Taschereau (December 12, 1814 – November 9, 1893) was a Canadian lawyer and judge.

Born in Quebec City, Lower Canada (now Quebec), the son of Jean-Thomas Taschereau, a politician who was a Member of the Quebec National Assembly, and Marie Panet, he was called to the bar in 1836. He studied law in Paris and upon his return to Quebec City where he practised for 18 years. He also taught at Université Laval from 1855 to 1857. In 1865, he was appointed a judge of the Quebec Superior Court, and in 1873, was appointed to the Court of Queen's Bench of Quebec. On September 30, 1875, he was appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada and retired from the court on October 6, 1878.

He was the father of Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, a Liberal Premier of the Canadian province of Quebec from 1920 to 1936 and Sir Henry-Thomas Taschereau, Chief-Justice of Quebec 1907-1909

title: Jean-Thomas Taschereau (judge)


text:
Diary of a Country Priest

Diary of a Country Priest (Journal d'un curé de campagne) is a 1951 French drama film written and directed by Robert Bresson, and starring Claude Laydu in his debut film performance. A faithful adaptation of Georges Bernanos' novel of the same name, which had won the Grand prix du roman de l'Académie française in 1936, it tells the story of a sickly young Catholic priest who has been assigned a small village in northern France as his first parish. The film was lauded for Laydu's performance, which has been called one of the greatest in the history of cinema, and won numerous awards, including the Grand Prize at the Venice International Film Festival and the Prix Louis Delluc.

Plot
In the small village of Ambricourt, the new parish priest keeps a diary, which he can be seen writing in and heard reading from throughout the film. Due to an undiagnosed stomach ailment, he has excluded meat and vegetables from his diet and primarily subsists on cheap wine with sugar and bread added. The locals are mostly either indifferent or hostile to the young priest, whether it be an old man who complains about the fees to bury his wife or the students of the catechism class who play tricks. As this is his first appointment, he often consults with the older and more experienced priest of Torcy, who says he needs to worry about keeping order, rather than being loved.

The only parishioner who attends daily mass is Miss Louise, the young governess at the local manor, who is secretly having an affair with the Count. She complains that the Count's daughter, Chantal, mistreats her, so the priest says he will talk to the Count. The priest has been looking for an excuse to see the Count about getting help to start a youth club and sports program. The Count initially approves of the priest's plans, but cools when the priest attempts to broach the subject of the conflict between Chantal and Louise.

When the priest revisits the manor, the Count avoids him, but he is greeted by the Countess, who withdrew from the world when Chantal's younger brother died several years ago. He soon begins to feel ill and leaves. He goes to see Dr. Delbende, an elderly physician with a struggling practice who, though an atheist, is friends with and was recommended by the priest of Torcy. The doctor palpates the priest's abdomen at length, but offers no diagnosis.

The priest finds it difficult to pray, even when he is able to find the time to try. One day, he receives an anonymous letter in Louise's handwriting telling him to ask to be transferred to another parish. He becomes convinced that God has abandoned him, and is particularly affected by the death of Dr. Delbende which is rumored to be a suicide, but decides he has not lost his faith.

Chantal tells the priest that the Count and Louise plan to send her away and the Countess is not trying to stop them. The priest worries Chantal may be suicidal and, on a hunch, asks her to hand over her suicide note, which she produces from her pocket. Concerned, he goes to see the Countess and, overheard by Chantal, they have a contentious theological conversation, by the end of which the Countess has come to terms with the death of her son and reconciled with God. She dies that night of a heart condition, and Louise leaves the manor shortly thereafter. Chantal lies and says the priest spoke harshly to the Countess and tormented her to death. The Canon (who is the Count's uncle), the Count, and the priest of Torcy all question the priest's conduct, but he only weakly defends himself and does not mention the letter of thanks the Countess sent him before she died, choosing to let his actions speak for themselves.

After the priest passes out one night and begins to intermittently hemorrhage blood, he decides to go to the city of Lille to see a doctor. Chantal visits him when he is packing and says the whole town thinks he is a drunk and her father is sure to have him transferred, but he maintains his composure.

In Lille, the doctor diagnoses the priest with terminal stomach cancer. He visits Dufrety, a classmate from seminary who took a leave from the ministry after becoming sick and now works selling drugstore supplies and lives with a woman out of wedlock. The priest faints and ends up staying with Dufrety until he dies. Dufrety relates in a letter to the priest of Torcy that the priest of Ambricourt asked him for absolution shortly before dying and he complied, though not without communicating that he was not sure if it was appropriate. The priest's response to this were his last words: "What does it matter? All is Grace."

Cast

 * Claude Laydu as Priest of Ambricourt (Curé d'Ambricourt)
 * Léon Arvel as Fabregars
 * Antoine Balpêtré as Dr. Delbende (Docteur Delbende)
 * Jean Danet as Olivier
 * Yvette Etiévant (credited as Jeanne Etiévant) as Cleaning Lady (Femme de ménage)
 * Adrien Borel (credited as André Guibert) as Priest of Torcy (Curé de Torcy)
 * Bernard Hubrenne as Abbot Dufréty (Abbé Dufréty)
 * Nicole Ladmiral as Chantal
 * Martine Lemaire as Séraphita Dumouchel
 * Nicole Maurey as Miss Louise (Mlle Louise)
 * Martial Morange as Deputy Mayor (L'Adjoint)
 * Jean Riveyre as Count (Le Comte)
 * Gaston Séverin as Canon (Le Chanoine)
 * Gilberte Terbois as Madame Dumouchel (Mme Dumouchel)
 * Rachel Bérendt (credited as Marie-Monique Arkell) as Countess (La Comtesse)

Production
At one point, screenwriters Jean Aurenche and Pierre Bost wrote an adaptation of the novel, but Georges Bernanos rejected their draft. Bresson did not write his screenplay until after Bernanos was dead, and said he "would have taken more liberties" if Bernanos had still been alive. While the film remains faithful to the spirit of the novel, Bresson strips the story bare with his exceptionally sober film style, to the degree that François Truffaut (who particularly admired the film) was likely employing understatement when he said the film had sound scenes that were "down-to-earth."

In the film, Bresson cast some non-professional actors, which is a practice he would expand upon in his subsequent films. His direction of these amateurs, who he referred to as "models", purposely constrained their movements and expressions, as he believed the performers' emotive lack would leave greater room for response in the audience. The models were often encouraged to empty themselves of intention by repeating a take until they lost all sense of the meaning of their actions and were simply moving or speaking "automatically".

The film was Bresson's first to utilize a complex soundtrack and voice-over narration. Its dialogue, which frequently consists of debates on spiritual and ethical matters, is complemented by voice-over commentary drawn from the diary after which the film is titled. Bresson stated that "an ice-cold commentary can warm, by contrast, tepid dialogues in a film. Phenomenon analogous to that of hot and cold in painting." Frequently, the commentary is intentionally redundant, with the priest informing the audience of an action that he has recently, or will shortly, complete on-screen.

Analysis
Throughout his filmography, Bresson was consistently captivated by characters that fall victim to an ineradicable idea or resolution, with Diary of a Country Priest being no exception. However, while his characters necessarily evidence motivated behaviors and decisions, Bresson scrupulously denied any hint of melodrama, and tried to minimize what he referred to as "psychologism" (meaning drama reducible to the intersection of its characters' personalities). Further, he aimed to preclude the insertion of any textual "value judgements" on the content of the film via the construction of its form. The resulting contemplative—perhaps even ascetic—formal distancing is meant to serve Bresson's overriding (Christian) spiritual concern, foregrounding ineffability and irreducible mystery, while nonetheless leaving room for grace.

Reception
Diary of a Country Priest was a financial success in France and established Bresson's international reputation as a major film director. Film critic André Bazin wrote an entire essay on the film, calling it a masterpiece "because of its power to stir the emotions, rather than the intelligence." Claude Laydu's debut performance in the title role has been described as one of the greatest in the history of film, with Jean Tulard writing in his Dictionary of Film that "No other actor deserves to go to heaven as much as Laydu."

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 95% approval rating based on 40 critics, with an average rating of 8.70/10; the site's "critics consensus" reads: "Diary of a Country Priest brilliantly captures one man's spiritual and religious journey -- and the striking next phase in the evolution of a major filmmaking talent." French journalist Frédéric Bonnaud praised Bresson's minimalist approach to the film's setting and argued: "For the first time in French cinema, the less the environment is shown, the more it resonates [...] ubiquitous and constant, persistent and unchanging, it doesn’t need to be shown: its evocation through sound is enough. It’s a veritable prison." John Simon of the National Review praised the film and regarded it as Bresson's best film. Armond White of the New York Press praised the film, noting that "Bresson exemplified 20th-century ecumenical intelligence that is much out of fashion today, yet remains singular and powerful."

Numerous filmmakers have expressed their admiration for the film. The Russian filmmaker Andrei Tarkovsky ranked the film at the top of a list of his ten favorite films. The Swedish filmmaker Ingmar Bergman was "extremely fond" of the film and called it "one of the strangest works ever made". The Austrian filmmaker Michael Haneke regards the film as one of his favorite of Bresson's films. The Portuguese filmmaker Pedro Costa included the film in his list of the top 10 films available from the Criterion Collection. American director Martin Scorsese said the film influenced his own Taxi Driver (1976), and Paul Schrader, who wrote the script for Taxi Driver, noted the film as a major influence when writing and directing his 2017 film First Reformed.

Awards
The film won eight international awards, including the Grand Prize at the Venice International Film Festival and the Prix Louis Delluc.

title: Diary of a Country Priest


text:
Talk:Comanche history

Comanche Raids
This page has a lot of references to Comanche raids, but there is never an explanation of what a raid would actually entail. The resulting history is a bit dry and doesn't provide much insight as to why the Comanche were viewed differently from other Indian groups (or mere horse thiefs, in terms of raiding). 108.207.5.136 (talk) 03:45, 30 April 2012 (UTC)

Should this page be cleaned up?
It seems that certain portions of the history are mixed together. They should be in a more chronological order. 206.131.28.251 16:59, 21 December 2006 (UTC)

Copyright?
See "Comanche" talk page for discussion of possible copyright violations.

 * Don't bother.... here it is.... TheMadBaron 23:19, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * From Talk:Comanche:

I am getting increasingly worried that large chunks of this seem to be virtually identical to other sources, especially

http://www.tolatsga.org/ComancheOne.html http://www.dickshovel.com/ComancheTwo.html http://www.dickshovel.com/ComancheThree.html

which is clearly marked copyright.

See also

http://www.runningdeerslonghouse.com/webdoc175.htm

Don't know who copied who, but I hope there are no copyright issues here.

 * I agree that the timeline appears to be a copy of
 * http://www.runningdeerslonghouse.com/webdoc175.htm - however, the site index says "All of this information is deemed to be public domain". TheMadBaron 09:27, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I recognize your concern, 86.136.194.171 (You're Matt, right? Why don't you register???), IMHO we probably won't have much left of those articles when we're done with trimming and cleanup. From looking at those articles (ComancheOne, Two, Three), I didn't see any direct pastes, but I freely admit I didn't do as thorough a compare as I could have. KillerChihuahua 17:04, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Yep... I don't register because I am not keen on people being able to easily browse through all the edits that I have made. I am also not sure what other privacy issues may attach to registration.
 * Ok, dunno why you'd mind, not like you write cruft or have bad grammar... No privacy issues to speak of, you don't even have to enter an email address if I remember correctly. (I could be wrong.) WP does nothing with your info anyway. If you don't register, please sign your posts with Matt.171 or something similar? Thanks much, I confuse easily (small puppies have small brains and are easily distracted) KillerChihuahua 13:57, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

The passages that I identified as being "copied" have now mostly been moved to the "Comanche history" page. Below are just a few examples. I just list the first near-verbatim paragraphs that I came across, and I came across these very quickly, so I think large chunks are verbatim or nearly so. I would slap a copyright warning on the page but I am not familiar enough with policy to know if I should do this or leave it to someone with more authority here. -Matt 6-Oct-05.

1. From http://www.tolatsga.org/ComancheOne.html:

"...lived along the upper reaches of the Platte River in southeastern Wyoming ranging between the foothills of the Rocky Mountains and the Black Hills. They got their first horses sometime around 1680 and changed dramatically within a few years."

and from Comanche history:

"...lived near the upper reaches of the Platte River in southeastern Wyoming, ranging between the foothills of the Rocky Mountains and the Black Hills. They started using horses around 1680, and changed dramatically within a few years."

2. From http://www.dickshovel.com/ComancheTwo.html:

"By 1716 the Jicarilla had been forced into the mountains of northern New Mexico, while other Plains Apaches had abandoned many of their settlements north of the Arkansas and were rapidly giving way across northeastern New Mexico, the Texas Panhandle, and western Oklahoma. Only a few Apache settlements still remained along the upper Arkansas. During the summer of that year Comanches and Ute visited several settlements in New Mexico to trade."

and from Comanche history:

"By 1716 the Jicarilla (Apache) had been forced into the mountains of northern New Mexico, while other Plains Apaches had abandoned many of their settlements north of the Arkansas river, and were rapidly giving way across northeastern New Mexico, the Texas Panhandle, and western Oklahoma. Only a few Apache settlements still remained along the upper Arkansas. During the summer of 1716, Comanches and Ute visited several settlements in New Mexico to trade."

3. From http://www.dickshovel.com/ComancheThree.html:

"Along the Santa Fé Trail, the first meetings between Americans and Comanches were almost always friendly. Still, it was best for Americans, if they wished to keep their trade goods and horses, to travel in large, well-armed parties ...a precaution made necessary as much by Osage, Pawnee, and Kiowa, as by Comanches. Actually, Comanches were relatively peaceful if they were seen at all, but as the most powerful tribe in the region, they usually received credit for depredations."

and from Comanche history:

"Along the Santa Fé Trail, the first meetings between Americans and Comanches were almost always friendly. Still, it was best for Americans, if they wished to keep their trade goods and horses, to travel in large, well-armed parties, a precaution made necessary by Osage, Pawnee, and Kiowa as much as by Comanches. Comanches were relatively peaceful when they were seen at all, but as the most powerful tribe in the region, they were usually blamed for depredations."

 * Well spotted.... like KillerChihuahua, I took a brief look at these articles when Matt first raised these concerns, and didn't notice the direct pastes. On taking a closer look (and having made a few changes in light of the above), it is clear that substantial parts of this article are, indeed, copied directly from dickshovel.com. The task of rewriting to avoid copyvio of ComancheTwo, particularly, seems enormous. Maybe KillerChihuahua's up for it, but I must admit, my enthusiasm's waning. I propose contacting Lee Sultzman to request his permission to use much of his stuff as is.... failing which, it might be best to abandon the page, and put prominent links to dickshovel.com in the History section of the Commanche page. TheMadBaron 00:37, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

I am up to it, what I lack is time to do it quickly. I can almost certainly do large chunks this coming weekend, if not sooner. That's the best I can do. MadBaron, I totally understand about waning enthusiasm, please don't abandon us yet! :P KillerChihuahua 13:49, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Just checking in where this page was on accurate citations. It appears that a significant amount of paragraphs and claims are still not cited. Taylorvc (talk) 10:58, 10 April 2017 (UTC)

Two little words....
1) "Among the New Mexico Comanche, the main opposition to peace was a parabio named White Bull (Toro Blanco)."

Could somebody clarify "parabio", because some idiots probably have no idea what this word means. Like me, for example.

2) "One of the things that had attracted them south was trade: first with the Spanish in New Mexico, and then with the Americans."

"Americans", indeed.... we all know what's intended here, but just to be pedantic, the Comanche, Apache, Ute, Lakota, Cheyenne, Arikara, Pawnee, Kansa, Osage, Kiowa and Arapaho, all previously mentioned here, were and are "Americans". I think the word needs replacing with something a bit more specific. I'm not sure what, though.... TheMadBaron 23:09, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Opening a mess
"Forming a part of the Eastern Shoshone linguistic group in southeastern Wyoming who moved on to the buffalo Plains glottochonologically about 1500, proto-Comanche groups split off and moved south some time before 1700 AD to take advantage of the increased buffalo herds allowed by the Little Ice Age. That move may bave been inspired as much by the desire for Spanish horses released by the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 as by pressures from other groups drawn to the Plains by the changing environment."

This doesn't make much sense. They moved onto the Plains to chase buffalo that would become more numerous 150 years in the future? Or to get horses 180 years in the future? And wouldn't buffalo become less numerous, noot more, because of harsher winters? Rmhermen (talk) 23:32, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

 * It was a bit confused, yes. I reworded and sourced. It was a group of Shoshones, which included the future Comanche, that moved to the plains around 1500. Then the proto-Comanche split from this group around 1700 and moved south. The first migration was (probably) about bison, the second about horses (among other factors). As for the bison, apparently the era preceding the Little Ice Age meant long-term drought, poor grass, dwindling bison herds, while the Little Ice Age brought more rain, causing the grasslands to thrive and the bison herds to recover and become very numerous. Pfly (talk) 07:37, 28 December 2008 (UTC)

Pekka Hamalainen's Comanche Empire
This book modifies or disagrees with much that is written in this article. For instance in the section 1700-1750 From here they fought not only with the Spanish, Ute and Apache, but with most of the tribes of the central plains. But Hamalainen says (p24)...the Utes and Comanches formed by the early years of the 18th century a long standing military and political alliance that remained ... until the mid 18th century. Also that they raided Navajo, Pawnee and mainly Apache for slaves to trade to the Spanish in New Mexico. Someone versed in Comanche history should compare the book to this article and make changes when appropriate. Hamalainen seems to know what he is writing about but I am no expert. Nitpyck (talk) 06:59, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

Should "anglo" be removed from the article?
It is noted that the word "anglo" is used in this article, a term offensive to some, a term employing the short a sound at its start, which itself has negative connotations (like the sound one makes when someone steps on one's foot). Does the article imply that these settles were primarily descendants of the Angles, as opposed to Saxons, Normans, Bretons, Scottish, Welsh, Irish, Prussians, Bavarians, Austrians, French, northern europeans? Does it exclude southern Europeans, e.g. Italians? Probably the more correct expression would be "persons of northern European descent." — Preceding unsigned comment added by PeacePeace (talk • contribs) 20:50, 16 March 2017 (UTC)
 * "Anglo" is the term used in much relevant historical literature for non-Indians in the United States. It refers to the primary ethnicity of the white conquerors of the Native population.  It is widely used and understood.  Your comment seems to imply that you don't know much about either this area or this era of history.  --Taivo (talk) 21:03, 16 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Interesting discussion. I am an Anglo and take no offense to use of the term. Please look up the Wikipedia page. Anglos are English speakers, as opposed to Spanish or Navajo or Mohawk speakers. There were other non-Anglo/non-Native conquerors of "the Native populations" of North America. Most notably those who spoke French and Spanish. Minor conquerors might include the Dutch and Russians.  If we want to look at the grains of sand, to call Anglos "white" is also not entirely accurate.  Buffalo Soldiers certainly had a hand in "conquering" the Apache and perhaps subduing the Comanche. They spoke English, not Spanish. In at least the context of the Comanche there were two non-Native groups that were in the conflict: Anglos and Hispanics. While they have their points, I do not agree completely with either  PeacePeace or Taivo. Rcollman (talk) 05:35, 17 March 2017 (UTC)
 * The Comanche "recognized" three distinct populations of non-Indians surrounding them. 1) The New Mexicans.  They maintained peaceful relations with the New Mexicans, who were Hispanic and Indian, for the purpose of trade.  2) The Mexicans.  The Comanche raided northern Mexico for horses and would sometimes live for extended periods of time in the northern provinces of Mexico on long raids.  The Mexicans, however, posed no existential threat to the Comanche since they were not trying to drive the Comanche out of west Texas.  3) The Anglos.  These were the overwhelmingly white Texan settlers who were forcefully trying to drive the Comanche off their land for the purpose of settling white Americans/Texans on the land.  The small number of non-Anglos mixed in were inconsequential in terms of labelling the flood of white settlers as "Anglo".  --Taivo (talk) 06:13, 17 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Thank you Taivo!  I see the divisions you are talking about, especially in the context of the mid 1800s. You also correctly point out that at any point in history, different Hispanics settlements might have different attitudes. Commanches historically recognized these differences.  Brugge researched NM church records between 1694-1875.  His primary (and mine general) interest is with the Navajo.  However he talks about other tribes and the Comanche. "The only other tribe which can claim notable success in its attacks on New Mexico is the Comanche, with 168, probably more than any Apachean tribe except the Navajo." 111 of these took place in just the 1770 decade. After 1880, Brugge also agrees with your NM & TX statements.  Rcollman (talk) 14:09, 17 March 2017 (UTC)

 * I also confess my ignorance and apologize. I completely forgot about forced migrations of "Eastern" tribes. Specifically that a tribal group in Delaware end up being used by the Mexicans in Texas against the Anglos. I should know better.  Some learn by our mistakes and hasty conclusions. Rcollman (talk) 14:09, 17 March 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 11:36, 16 October 2022 (UTC)
 * 1865 Comanche-Kiowa-Apache.png

title: Talk:Comanche history


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2003–04 in Belgian football

The 2003–04 season was the 101st competitive season in Belgian football.

National team
Belgium ended their qualifying campaign for the 2004 UEFA European Championship at the third place in Group 8 and thus did not take part to the final tournament.

* Belgium score given first

Key
 * H = Home match
 * A = Away match
 * F = Friendly
 * ECQ = UEFA European Championship 2004 Qualifying, Group 8
 * og = own goal

title: 2003–04 in Belgian football


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User talk:SomeYoungGuy

Hi, and welcome to Wikipedia. Please sign the comments you leave on talk pages by using four tildes in a row ( ~ ). This signs your name and gives the date of your comment. - dcljr (talk) 20:54, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Bill Crowley
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Bill Crowley, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? Rtphokie (talk) 01:33, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:SomeYoungGuy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Parbati River(MP)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was to delete the article. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  09:38, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Parbati River(MP)
This is a page left over from the disambiguation process at Parbati River. The primary article for this river (Parbati River (Madhya Pradesh) is the moved version of the original Parbati River article (rather than this recreated one) to preserve GFDL credit. This copy is now superfluous.  Delete — Lomn | Talk / RfC 20:55, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect harmlessless without bringing to Afd. Kappa 21:03, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * In which case it will end up on RFD. It's The title is poorly formatted, there are no incoming links... why keep anything? — Lomn | Talk / RfC 21:28, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Because it's harmless. Kappa 21:36, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete seeing as its here now.  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  21:37, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete might as well, since it's been listed. Dottore So 07:14, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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HMS Electra (1896)

HMS Electra was a Clydebank-built, three-funnelled, 30-knot destroyer ordered by the Royal Navy under the 1895–1896 Naval Estimates. She was the fourth ship to carry this name since it was introduced in 1806 for a 16-gun brig-sloop.

In 1913 she was grouped along with similar vessels as a C-class destroyer.

Construction
She was laid down as yard number 289 on 18 October 1895, at J & G Thompson shipyard in Clydebank, and launched on 14 July 1896. During her builder's trials, she had problems attaining her contract speed. Her hull was lengthened by 4 ft, then she made her contract speed of 30 knot. She was completed and accepted by the Royal Navy in July 1900.

Service
After commissioning Electra was assigned to the Chatham Division of the Harwich Flotilla. She was deployed in home waters for her entire service life. On 1 January 1901 she was commissioned by Lieutenant Bertram Sutton Evans as part of the Portsmouth instructional flotilla, taking the place and crew from HMS Star (1896), but he was succeeded in command only two weeks later by Lieutenant Cecil Dacre Staveley Raikes. In June 1902 she took the place of HMS Fervent (1895) in the Portsmouth instructional flotilla, under the command of Lieutenant Rowland Henry Bather, but he transferred to HMS Lightning (1895) after two months. The destroyer took part in the fleet review held at Spithead on 16 August 1902 for the coronation of King Edward VII.

On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed all destroyer classes were to be designated by letters. Since her design speed was 30 knots and she had three funnels, she was assigned with vessels built to the same specification as the C class. After 30 September 1913, she was known as a C-class destroyer and had the letter ‘C’ painted on the hull below the bridge area and on either the fore or aft funnel.

In 1914 she was in active commission at the Nore based at Sheerness tendered to HMS Actaeon, a Royal Navy training establishment. With the outbreak of hostilities in August 1914 she was assigned to the Nore Local Flotilla. Her duties included anti-submarine and counter-mining patrols in the Thames Estuary.

In 1919 she was paid off and laid-up in reserve awaiting disposal. She was sold on 29 April 1920 to Barking Ship Breaking Company for breaking.

title: HMS Electra (1896)


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1994 Fianna Fáil leadership election

The 1994 Fianna Fáil leadership election began in November 1994, when Albert Reynolds resigned as party leader and Taoiseach. Reynolds had been party leader since February 1992 and had served as Taoiseach since then. His successor was elected by the members of the Fianna Fáil parliamentary party on 19 December 1994. Bertie Ahern was the only candidate to stand at the time of the election and was thus elected leader, the first to be unanimously elected since Seán Lemass in 1959.

Standing

 * Bertie Ahern, Minister for Finance

Withdrew

 * Máire Geoghegan-Quinn, Minister for Justice - originally sought candidature, but subsequently withdrew.

title: 1994 Fianna Fáil leadership election


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User talk:G3T

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. Academic Challenger 20:56, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:G3T


text:
User talk:204.248.50.26

January 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, your addition of one or more external links to the page Anna (Bible) has been reverted.

Your edit here was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to remove unwanted links and spam from Wikipedia. The external link you added or changed is on my list of links to remove and probably shouldn't be included in Wikipedia. The external links I reverted were matching the following regex rule(s): \bexample\.com (links: http://www.example.com ).

If you were trying to insert an external link that does comply with our policies and guidelines, then please accept my creator's apologies and feel free to undo the bot's revert. However, if the link does not comply with our policies and guidelines, but your edit included other changes to the article, feel free to make those changes again without re-adding the link. Please read Wikipedia's external links guideline for more information, and consult my list of frequently-reverted sites. For more information about me, see my FAQ page. Thanks! --XLinkBot (talk) 21:27, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, please ignore this notice.

April 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page St. Francis High School (Wheaton, Illinois) has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Elemesh (talk) 18:03, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

April 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Jason Naidovski, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted by ClueBot. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Jason Naidovski was changed by 204.248.50.26 (u) (t) making a minor change with obscenities on 2009-04-27T14:53:27+00:00. Thank you. ClueBot (talk) 14:53, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

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May 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page 1960s has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you.  Tide  rolls  19:23, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

December 2009
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did to Impressionism. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. M AN d ARAX •  XAЯA b ИA M  20:19, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs, you will be blocked from editing. M AN d ARAX •  XAЯA b ИA M  20:20, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

This is the last warning you will receive for your disruptive edits, such as those you made to Impressionist music. If you vandalize Wikipedia again, you will be blocked from editing. ♦ Jongleur100 ♦ talk 20:31, 10 December 2009 (UTC)
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February 2010
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. LonelyBeacon (talk) 23:00, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

Go Benet!!!!!
Go Benet! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 166.137.139.246 (talk) 13:30, 4 February 2010 (UTC)

This is the only warning you will receive for your disruptive edits. If you vandalize Wikipedia again, as you did to John F. Kennedy assassination, you will be blocked from editing. ukexpat (talk) 19:56, 8 February 2010 (UTC)
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Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Benny the mascot (talk) 04:36, 17 February 2010 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Kennedy Junior High School, you will be blocked from editing. Minimac's Clone ( Vandalise here ) 18:54, 25 February 2010 (UTC)
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This is your last warning. You will be blocked from editing the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Kennedy Junior High School. Uncle Dick (talk) 18:54, 25 February 2010 (UTC)

for. Please stop. You are welcome to make useful contributions after the block expires. If you believe this block is unjustified you may contest this block by adding the text below.

November 2011
Please do not add or change content without verifying it by citing reliable sources, as you did to Benet Academy. Please review the guidelines at Citing sources and take this opportunity to add references to the article. Thank you. Denisarona (talk) 19:58, 1 November 2011 (UTC)

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This is your last warning. You will be blocked from editing the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Benet Academy. Trusilver 19:59, 1 November 2011 (UTC)

This is your last warning. You will be blocked from editing the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Cats (musical). Jack1956 (talk) 16:41, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the edit you made to Benet Academy has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. A fluffernutter is a sandwich! (talk) 16:10, 30 November 2011 (UTC)

January 2012
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Frank Lloyd Wright, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Jackfork (talk) 15:00, 5 January 2012 (UTC)
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Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Steve Prefontaine. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Jackfork (talk) 15:03, 5 January 2012 (UTC)
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Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Frank Lloyd Wright, you may be blocked from editing. Jackfork (talk) 15:07, 5 January 2012 (UTC)
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This is your last warning. You may be blocked from editing without further warning the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Frank Lloyd Wright.   Wikipelli Talk   15:10, 5 January 2012 (UTC)

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January 2013
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Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Peter Roskam with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you.  Velella  Velella Talk 16:46, 9 January 2013 (UTC) —S MALL JIM   20:59, 24 January 2013 (UTC)

February 2015
Hello, I'm JSpung. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions —the one you made with this edit to Benjamin Lay— because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. JSpung (talk) 19:46, 4 February 2015 (UTC)

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title: User talk:204.248.50.26


text:
Sporting News Comeback Player of the Year Award

The Sporting News Comeback Player of the Year Award is the oldest of three annual awards in Major League Baseball given to one player in each league who has reemerged as a star in that season. It was established in 1965. The winner in each league is selected by the TSN editorial staff.

In 2005, Major League Baseball officially sponsored its own Comeback Player of the Year Award for the first time. TSN and MLB honored the same players in 2005—Ken Griffey Jr. in the National League and Jason Giambi in the American League. The Players Choice Awards, awarded by the Major League Baseball Players Association, also began a Comeback Player honor in 1992. Listed below are the players honored with the TSN award by year, name, team and league.


text:
John Goodyer

John Goodyer (1592–1664) was a botanist who lived in south-east Hampshire, England, all his life. He amassed a large collection of botanical texts which were bequeathed to Magdalen College, Oxford, and translated a number of classical texts into English.

Life
John Goodyer was born in Alton, Hampshire, to Reginald Goodyer (c. 1578–1619) and Ann Goodyer. Reginald Goodyear was a local yeoman, and he and his wife had four children, John being the youngest. Learned in Greek and Latin, he evidently received a good education, possibly at the grammar school at Alton.

At that time he would have served an apprenticeship prior to his employment as an estate manager (steward). This would probably have been to William Yalden (d. 1644). Yalden was a land agent for estates owned by Magdalen College, Oxford near Petersfield, to the south, and whose second wife was John Goodyer's sister, Rose (d. 1652). When he first started work, Goodyer lived at nearby Buriton, close to his employer before moving further west to the village of Droxford, in the Meon Valley. In 1629 he moved back to the Buriton area, being given the lease of a neighbouring farm and house by the Bilsons at a nominal rate "in consideration of his faithful service" as the lease states.

Three years later, in November 1632, he married Patience Crumpe (b. c.1600), daughter of a London tailor, and moved to an area of Petersfield known as The Spain, where his substantial house still stands. The house was known as The Great House at that time and as Goodyers now. Such was Goodyer's reputation that in 1643 during the English Civil War (1642–1651), Ralph Hopton, one of the senior Royalist commanders, ordered troops "to defend and protect John Goodyer, his house, family, servants and estates". This order was found underneath the floorboards of the house.

After his wife died he moved to the hamlet of Weston, near Buriton, where he died in April or early May 1664 at the age of 71 and was buried in an unmarked grave near his wife's at St Mary's Church, Buriton. With no children to succeed him, the majority of his estate passed to his nephew, the Reverend Edmund Yalden, the only son of William and Rose Yalden.

Employment
Goodyer started working for Sir Thomas Bilson (1592–c. 1647), Lord of the Manor of Mapledurham, in the parish of Buriton, near Petersfield around 1616, an appointment probably obtained through the offices of Yalden. Bilson resided at West Mapledurham Manor House, (demolished 1829) and Goodyer initially leased a nearby house from him. Although a servant, he remained very close to the Bilson family, three of Sir Thomas' sons being close friends for life and being remembered in his will. He also held a position as the agent for two Bishops of Winchester: Thomas Bilson (father of Sir Thomas Bilson) and later, Lancelot Andrewes.

Botanical fieldwork
Goodyer's work involved spending much time in the countryside, and he took an interest in the plants he observed and how they were named. His intellectual interests prompted him to acquire botanical texts and to cultivate the company of apothecaries, who at that time possessed much of the knowledge of plants and their properties. Amongst these was John Parkinson in London whom he visited in 1616. His notes start from this date, reach a peak of activity by 1621, and are few following 1633. They show that the area he explored and recorded covered from Bristol, to Weymouth, Wellingborough, and Romney Marsh. His findings were mainly published by Thomas Johnson and his contemporaries, rather than by himself, leading to his work being largely forgotten after his death. They suggest his intention was to produce a guide to the English flora, matching his observations with the texts of the continental authors he had studied, but he was never able to complete this.

Goodyer added many plants to the British flora. He is credited with clarifying the identities of the British elms, and for discovering an unusual elm endemic to the Hampshire coast between Lymington and Christchurch named for him as Goodyer's elm; this was believed by the botanist Ronald Melville to be a form of the Cornish elm. He is also believed to have introduced the Jerusalem artichoke to English cuisine. Although not formally trained in medicine, like many herbalists of his time, he had a small practice using herbal remedies, skills he passed on to his nephew, Rev. Edmund Yalden.

Scholarly activity
One of his most important contributions was his work with botanist Thomas Johnson in producing a revised and corrected edition of John Gerard's Herbal (1597), arguably the greatest English herbal of its time, in 1633. Johnson called him his "onely assistant". He also translated a Latin version of Dioscorides's work, De Materia Medica, and Theophrastus' Historia Plantarum (1623).

Legacy
Proceeds from the residue of his estate were used to establish the John Goodyer Charity to help the poor of Weston, a charity that still exists today. He bequeathed his papers and extensive collection of 239 printed works to Magdalen College, Oxford in 1664, through his connection to the Yaldens. The Yaldens had managed the college's local estates, while two of their sons attended the college and Edmund was also a fellow there.

In his time Goodyer was well regarded, the contemporary botanist William Coles calling him "the ablest Herbarist now living in England" in 1657. But because of the lack of publications during his lifetime he remained largely forgotten and unrecognized after his death. He is mentioned in neither the Dictionary of National Biography (1890) nor the first Flora of Hampshire (1883). His rediscovery dates from about 1910, first by the charity he created and then by botanists. Canon John Vaughan is credited with discovering Goodyer and had called him the "forgotten Botanist" in 1909. In 1912 J.W. White described how Goodyer contributed to the work of many other botanists and made their work better known: "every writer of the period owned help from Goodyer in one way or another". He became recognised as one of the earliest amateur British botanists, and in 1922 Gunther at Magdalen College assembled his papers and published an account of his life and work.

Around this time a stained glass window (Figure 1) was installed in St Mary's Church, Buriton as a memorial to him, after funds were raised by public description. It includes the Goodyer coat of arms and motto with an inscription stating:

"To the Glory of GOD and in memory of John Goodyer of Alton Mapledurham Petersfield 1592–1664. Royalist, Botanist, and founder of the Goodyer Charity Weston. Buried in Buriton Churchyard"

His house in Petersfield bears a commemorative plaque (Figure 2). In recognition of his industry, Goodyera, a genus of small terrestrial European orchids, was named after him by Robert Brown. The second Flora of Hampshire (1996) was dedicated to his memory. The 350th anniversary of his death was celebrated at Magdalen College in 2014.

Descendants
Being childless, Goodyer had no direct descendants. However, Anne, the youngest daughter of William and Rose Yalden married a Petersfield lawyer named John Worlidge. Of their ten children, the eldest, John (1640–1700) wrote many books on agriculture, including Systema agriculturae or The Mystery of Husbandry Discovered (1669), Vinetum Britannicum or A Treatise of Cider (1676), Apiarum or A Discourse of Bees (1676), and Systema horti-culturae or The Art of Gardening (1677).

title: John Goodyer


text:
User talk:Mad Greg

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Regards, Fred-Chess 20:57, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Cut and paste moves
Hi, and thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia. It appears that you recently tried to give a different title by copying its content and pasting it into. This is known as a "cut and paste move", and it is considered undesirable because it splits the page history which is needed for attribution and various other purposes. Instead, the software used by Wikipedia has a feature that allows pages to be moved to a new title together with their edit history.

In most cases, once your account is four days and has ten edits, you should be able to move an article yourself using the "Move" tab at the top of the page. This both preserves the page history intact and automatically creates a redirect from the old title to the new. If you cannot perform a particular page move yourself this way (e.g. because a page already exists at the target title), please follow the instructions at requested moves to have it moved by someone else. Also, if there are any other articles that you moved by copying and pasting, even if it was a long time ago, please list them at Cut and paste move repair holding pen. – Toon (talk)  14:08, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Mad Greg! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is an  Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. Please note that all biographies of living persons must be sourced. If you were to add reliable, secondary sources to this article, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 19:35, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) David Johansson (skier) -

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:48, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Living First Ladies of the United States for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Living First Ladies of the United States is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Living First Ladies of the United States until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. -  C HAMPION  (talk) (contributions) (logs) 05:43, 13 November 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mad Greg


text:
User talk:Treunality

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! →Jo urna list  >>talk<<  20:57, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Please do not keep undoing other people's edits without discussing them first. This is considered impolite and unproductive. If you continue, you may be blocked from editing Wikipedia under the three-revert rule, which states that nobody may revert an article to a previous version more than three times in 24 hours. Thank you.. -Splash talk 22:46, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry. You are reverting pretty blatant vandalism. Carry on. -Splash talk 22:49, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

AJ Jacobs
I didn't want to get into a revert war, so I wanted to ask you first: You took away the heading "Wikipedians with articles" because you said that he's "not a wikipedian." I don't know how you're defining wikipedian, but he actually has contributed to wikipedia. Regardless, all I did was add a link to famous (or at least notable) people who have contributed to wikipedia (which some, like myself, may find interesting). Linking one article to another article is the one of trademarks of wikipedia and the link was relevant. So what is your justification for removing it?--Esprit15d 19:18, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

 * How do you know the IP is Jacobs? And if so, he still has not "contributed", he just has vandalized, adding gibberish from his supposed Indian assistant Honey K. Balani. Treunality 20:52, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm beginning to think you'll never write that Antioch daily Ledger article you're so sure will be come an article.BabuBhatt 21:30, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Also, "rvv" means "revert vandalism". Edits you don't happens to agree with are not necessarily considered vandalism. BabuBhatt 21:33, 15 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, your inexplicable removal of the wikilink is vandalism. The newspaper is a relevant topic for an article, thus is properly wikified. The article doesn't have to exist already, nor do I have to write it. See Red link. Treunality 21:45, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

 * You're a crazy cat, Treun! My suggestion is that seeing as you are so protective of it, why not go ahead and write it!BabuBhatt 21:35, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Your only edits are to A.J, his book, this user page and mental floss. You must be A.J., his wife, friend, brother, something. What gives Treuna? BabuBhatt 04:39, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Treunality


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Sebastiankessel

 * ''The following discussion is preserved as an archive of a successful request for adminship. Please do not modify it.

Sebastiankessel
[ Vote here]  (22/3/0) ending 20:57 13 Oct 2005 (UTC)

– I really hate to self-nominate but I really think I can be a good admin and asking for it is even worse. You will probably find me around Argentina and Jewish related topics, although lately I've been making rounds around Soccer topics too. I have always tried to be a balanced and fair editor, keeping my POVs in check and trying to compromise whenever possible. I have been involved in a few minor edit wars (experience that I hope never have to repeat) but I usually came out allright, especially since I always try to be open to other views and ideas. I do my best to listen and generally I concede a point when the other editors make it, like I did with the Falkland Islands article. I have around 1300 edits, which is not too much, but neither is too little. I hope you can all see past that and judge me in the quality of my edits more than their number. Sebastian Kessel Talk 20:57, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Candidate, please indicate acceptance of the nomination here: I guess I have to, right? :) --Sebastian Kessel Talk 21:20, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Support Oppose
 * 1) Support. Sometimes passionate but very reasonable to deal with.   Un  focused  21:35, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support. Don't always agree with his POV, but seems very reasonable to deal with, and unlikely to abuse admin privileges. Jayjg (talk) 21:48, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Support, not only a talented editor, but also a natural born leader. I've seen him organize very interesting initiatives by himself, like WikiProject Argentina. Shauri  [[Image:Heart.gif|11px]]  smile!  21:50, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Support CambridgeBayWeather 22:27, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) '''Support Private Butcher 22:41, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Support. --Merovingian (t) (c) 00:13, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Support. there can't be enough. and I think he is a good guy :-) -- Tobias Conradi (Talk) 00:41, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Support I've come across him on the Falkland Islands page, and his edits relating to that subject have impressed me. He seems reasonable, considerate and (from what I've seen so far) a really nice guy. User:SoLando (Talk) 03:39, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Support. Is the kind of person that wouldn't abuse of the Admin status. Mariano (t/c) 07:31, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Support- friendly user, with good approach to editing. Astrotrain 10:49, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Support. Carbonite | Talk 12:47, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Support. Friendly, no-nonsense guy. Number of edits is just a matter of time. --Pablo D. Flores (Talk) 14:35, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) Support. Displays great leadership in the Argentine group. --Bosko 17:38, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 14) Support, Friendly user!!! Mxcatania
 * 15) Support, very polite and at the same time objective, has kept his cool even when others haven't, knowledgeable in the areas of his interest, etc., etc., etc. --Vizcarra 00:02, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 16) Support, I never ran into the guy however I am very impressed with his style after checking him out. Tony the Marine 04:41, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 17) Andre ( talk ) 04:56, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 18) Support.--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 12:30, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 19) Support Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  19:40, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 20) Support, Ejrrjs | What? 22:15, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 21) Support, I've been impressed w/his edits and reasonable interactions w/users on contentious pages. -- M P er el ( talk 01:04, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 22) Support: --MissingLinks 12:33, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose 4 months and 1374 edits is not enough. I am sure that eventually, he will make a good admin--Rogerd 03:17, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose per Rogerd. freestylefrappe 21:02, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Oppose, nothing personal, but four months is just a little less than I feel is needed to really evaluate. Jonathunder 01:00, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Neutral

Comments
 * A chart showing this user's edits along with a total number of edits line and average edits per day line is available here: Image:Sebastiankessel-edits.png. I offer this not as a more refined version of editcountitis, but as just one tool to help evaluate an admin nominee with a somewhat low edit count on Wikipedia. --Durin 22:50, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Uses edit summaries 59% of the time, 74% of the time over the last 500 edits. Average edits per day is 10.5, 13.6 over the last 90 days. --Durin 22:50, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "warning: editcountitis can be fatal " Especially to Dwarves;)--R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 12:30, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The charts and stats are not edit counting. In fact, quite the opposite. Please see User:Durin/Admin nominee charts. --Durin 04:57, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. That's a tricky one... I spend a good deal of time reverting vandalism, the "revert button" would be a real help. I believe in blocking as a very very very last resort, but I won't hesitate to use it if the situation warrants it. I would patrol the Speedy Deletions page, helping keep Wikipedia free from articles that have no place here. I would also be definitely on top of WP:ANI and would try to help users to the best of my abilities, in whatever form I can. Sebastian Kessel Talk 21:20, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. I am particularly pleased about Colectivo. It wasn't my article but I did an extensive copy edit and I will probably nominate it for WP:FA in the near future, after it goes through some peer review. I like improving my English skills, and I find that Wikipedia is a great place to do it and make a valuable contribution at the same time. Sebastian Kessel Talk 21:20, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future?
 * A. I don't think my interactions with other users have caused me "stress", but I definitely have had some arguments in the past. I find that the best way to approach edit conflicts is in the talk page, usually after a few back-and-forths the situation gets resolved with a compromise. Sebastian Kessel Talk 21:20, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the discussion. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page. No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
G500

G500 may refer to:
 * Gulfstream G500, a Gulfstream Aerospace business jet
 * Logitech G500, a corded laser mouse
 * Mercedes-Benz G500, a four-wheel drive sport utility vehicle
 * Toshiba G500 smartphone
 * Fortune Global 500, an annual ranking of the top 500 corporations worldwide as measured by revenue

title: G500


text: Category:Schools in the Dominican Republic


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Arrowsmith Research

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. -R. fiend 22:57, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Arrowsmith Research
This article appears to be advertising for Arrowsmith Research Company and was probably written by same. It is written from the point of view of the company ("Our products are used throughout the chip design process from architectural conception through silicon tapeout.") in a tone inappropriate for an encyclopedia. There are ten links to the OpenAccess article, which it is claimed is used by Arrowsmith Research, and a great deal of text concerning OpenAccess which resembles ad copy. For example: "IC CAD engineers spend an inordinate amount of time integrating them with thousands of lines of translator code. The resulting flows are fragile and error-prone. As well, they are inefficient and result in longer IC design cycle times. Engineered for industry-wide interoperability, the OpenAccess database allows users to construct flows incorporating design tools from multiple sources to best suit their needs."

The WP:NOT page states that "Wikipedia is not a propaganda machine" and "Articles about companies and products are fine if they are written in an objective and unbiased style." This article is not written in an unbiased style, it does not link to any articles other than OpenAccess and EDA, and is written in a first person voice from Arrowsmith Research's point of view.

201.25.233.227 21:23, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per nomination. - 201.25.233.227 21:23, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Copyvio from but too old to speedy.   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  21:45, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * That link is a WP mirror complete with GFDL cite at the bottom of the page. --GraemeL (talk) 13:01, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * So it is - was almost illegible in my browser! Just Delete  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   19:13, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. -- Kjkolb 12:15, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Quants Reserve

Quants Reserve is a nature reserve north west of Burnworthy in Somerset, England.

It consists of a grassland clearing in a forestry plantation. It is well known for its butterflies — among the species which occur are Duke of Burgundy, marsh fritillary and wood white.

In 1988 an area of 50.6 hectares (126.0 acres) was designated as a Biological Site of Special Scientific Interest.

title: Quants Reserve


text:
Epiphone G-400

The G-400 (or sometimes G400) is an Epiphone solid body electric guitar model produced as a more modestly priced version of the famous Gibson SG. Currently, Epiphone is a subsidiary of Gibson and manufactures the G-400 and other budget models at a lower cost in Asia. Visually and ergonomically, it is almost identical to a 1962 SG.

History
Introduced in 1989 after Epiphone production moved to Korea in cooperation with the Samick Corporation, the G-400 has been in continuous production for thirty years.

Upon introduction, it featured dot fretboard inlays, two open-coil humbuckers, green key tuners with the Epiphone logo stamped on their backs, a differently shaped truss rod cover with "Gibson" printed vertically, black "speed" knobs, and "narrow-open Book" headstock. By 1990, the G-400 was sporting the modern "clipped-ear" headstock with no holly inlay

In 1996, several features of the G-400 were changed. These changes included black "top hat" knobs with silver inserts, trapezoidal fretboard inlays, chrome covers on the humbuckers, and a "holly" headstock inlay.

Until 2002, the vast majority of G-400s were built in Korea by the Samick Corporation. Now, most G-400s are built in Epiphone's Qingdao, China plant.

In 2002, Epiphone began using Grover tuners on the G-400. In 2004, the truss rod cover was changed to the current shape with "SG" printed on it. In 2005, the logo ink stamped on limited edition models was changed. In 2009, the G-400 (along with several other Epiphone models) made the switch from chrome-plated hardware to nickel-plated hardware. Also, the neck was changed to a "slim taper" profile. in 2012, Epiphone introduced the G-400 Pro with Alnico Classic PRO™ 4-wire humbuckers.

Woods
The Epiphone G-400 is made of Philippine/Indonesian mahogany (more commonly known as Luan, Lauan or Meranti, botanic genus Shorea which has 196 subspecies), which is not actually related to the mahogany species. In 2005, Epiphone began putting thin veneers of African mahogany on the front and back of the Cherry finished G-400s. G-400 "Vintage" worn cherry / worn brown models manuifactured in Korea from 2002 to 2005 (UnSung and SaeIn plants, serial numbers starting with U or I) have solid three-piece bodies made from Nyatoh (palaquium spp.) without a veneer.

Features
The design of the G-400 follows that of the Gibson SG. Features include dual pointed cutaways, smaller pickguard (but in some cases, such as the 1966 model or any limited edition model, there is still a large pickguard), set neck, trapezoidal fingerboard inlays (late 80s and early 90s models as well as the 1961 reissue models had dot inlays), dual humbucker pickups, and beveled mahogany body. The biggest visual differences from the Gibson SG are the Epiphone headstock and wood-bound neck. The standard G-400, not limited edition, is available in two finishes: ebony and cherry. The Faded G-400 comes in worn brown and worn cherry. In addition, new models now have Grover-brand machine heads.

Variants
The G-400 is available in many models, including G-400, Pro, Deluxe, Deluxe Flametop, Custom, Vintage, '66 Limited edition, SG Special, Tony Iommi Signature, Gothic and an Alpine White EMG pickup outfitted Limited Edition, the latter of which is very rare.

The Japanese-made Elitist G-400 has a slightly different shaped headstock than most Epiphone models.

Faded G-400
The Faded G-400 features:
 * Alnico Classic humbuckers
 * Nickel hardware
 * Licensed Grover tuners
 * Mahogany neck and body
 * Set neck construction
 * Rosewood fingerboard with "trapezoid" inlays
 * 24.75" scale
 * 1.68" nut width
 * Colors available: Worn Cherry and Worn Brown.

G-400
The G-400 features:
 * Alnico Classic humbuckers
 * Nickel hardware
 * chrome tuners
 * Mahogany body with African mahogany
 * "Slim taper" set mahogany neck
 * Rosewood fingerboard with "trapezoid" inlays
 * 24.75" scale
 * 1.68" nut width
 * Also available left-handed (since 2003, Cherry finish only)
 * Colors available: Ebony, Cherry, Vintage White (discontinued), Worn Brown, and Metallic Light Blue (discontinued).

G-400 Custom
The G-400 Custom (introduced 2000, discontinued 2011) features:
 * Three Alnico Classic humbuckers
 * Gold hardware
 * Licensed Grover tuners
 * Set Mahogany neck and body
 * Neck and headstock binding
 * Rosewood fingerboard with "block" inlays
 * 24.75" scale
 * 1.68" nut width
 * Colors available: Antique Ivory and Ebony.

G-400 Deluxe
The G-400 Deluxe features:
 * Alnico Classic humbuckers
 * Nickel hardware
 * Licensed Grover tuners
 * Mahogany neck
 * Mahogany body with flamed maple veneer
 * Set neck construction
 * Rosewood fingerboard with "trapezoid" inlays
 * 24.75" scale
 * 1.68" nut width
 * Colors available: Vintage Sunburst.

Tony Iommi G-400
The Tony Iommi G-400 features:
 * Gibson USA Tony Iommi humbuckers
 * Black chrome hardware
 * Licensed Grover tuners
 * Mahogany body
 * "Slim taper" set mahogany neck
 * Tony Iommi's signature screened on truss rod cover
 * Strap button relocated to top horn
 * 24 fret rosewood fingerboard with mother of pearl "cross" inlays
 * 24.75" scale
 * 1.68" nut width
 * Also available left-handed
 * Colors available: Ebony.

Limited Edition Models
Several Limited Edition models have been produced for different licensed Gibson/Epiphone dealers.

G-400 1966 Reissue
The G-400 1966 Reissue features: (Note: the neck joint used on this model is incorrect for a '66 SG)
 * Neck Pickup Alnico Classic neck humbucker
 * Bridge Pickup Alnico Classic Plus bridge humbucker
 * Bridge Locktone Tune-O-Matic
 * Tailpiece Stopbar
 * Controls Neck pickup: 1-Volume with push/pull coil split, 1-Tone/ Bridge pickup: 1-Volume with push pull coil split, 1-Tone w/full-size 500K O potentiometers
 * Hardware Nickel
 * Colors Ebony, Heritage Cherry, Silverburst, Wood Grain, Alpine White and Pelham Blue
 * Tuners Epiphone and Wilkinson Delux 14:1 ratio
 * Neck Mahogany Set Neck
 * Fingerboard rosewood(ebony on some models), 22 fret
 * Body Mahogany
 * Weight 6.9 pounds
 * Strings D'addario 10, 13, 17, 26, 36, 46
 * "Batwing" style pickguard

G-400 w/EMGs
The G-400 w/EMGs features:
 * EMG 81/85 humbuckers
 * Nickel hardware
 * Licensed Grover tuners
 * Mahogany neck and body
 * Set neck construction
 * Rosewood fingerboard with "trapezoid" inlays
 * Colors available: Alpine White.

G-400 '65 Reissue w/Maestro Vibrola
The G-400 '65 Reissue w/Maestro Vibrola features:
 * Alnico Classic humbuckers
 * Chrome hardware
 * Licensed Grover tuners
 * Mahogany neck and body
 * Set neck construction
 * Rosewood fingerboard with "trapezoid" inlays
 * Maestro Vibrola tailpiece
 * Colors available: Cherry, Ebony w/ gold hardware, Pelham Blue.

G-400 Korina (year 2000 spec.)
The G-400 Korina features:
 * Alnico Classic humbuckers
 * Gold hardware
 * Korina body
 * Set mahogany neck
 * Rosewood fingerboard with "trapezoid" inlays
 * Colors available: Natural.

SG G-400 PRO Deluxe Limited Edition "1961"
Specs and Features

 * 1960s Era “SG” with Mahogany body and neck
 * Exclusive Cobalt Fade Blue, Candy Apple Red, Metallic Gold, and Silverburst finishes
 * Epiphone Alnico Classic PRO 4-wire humbuckers with coil-splitting
 * Top Material: AAA Flame Maple Veneer
 * Body Material: Mahogany
 * Neck Material: Mahogany
 * Neck Shape: "1960s" SlimTaper; D - Profile
 * Neck Joint: Glued-In, Set Neck
 * Scale Length: 24.75"
 * Fingerboard Material: Pau Ferro with pearloid "Trapezoid" inlays
 * Fingerboard Binding: 1 Ply Binding / Cream
 * Fingerboard Radius: 12"
 * Pickguard: 4-layer (Black/White/Black/White)
 * Tuners: Wilkinson ™ Vintage Classics 18:1 tuners
 * Hardware: Nickel
 * Controls: Neck Pickup Volume with push/pull coil-splitting, Neck Pickup Tone
 * Bridge Pickup Volume with push/pull coil-splitting, Bridge Pickup Tone
 * Knobs: Premium Top Hats with metal inserts
 * Bridge: LockTone™ Tune-o-matic/Stopbar
 * Frets: 22 Medium jumbo
 * LockTone™ Tune-o-matic bridge and Stopbar tailpiece

title: Epiphone G-400


text:
1932–33 Yugoslav Football Championship

The 1932–33 Yugoslav Football Championship (Serbo-Croato-Slovenian: Državno prvenstvo 1932/33 / Државно првенство 1932/33) was the 11th season of Kingdom of Yugoslavia's premier football competition.

Winning squad
Champions:

BSK Belgrade (coach: Sándor Nemes)

 * Franjo Glazer
 * Predrag Radovanović
 * Dragomir Tošić
 * Milorad Arsenijević
 * Ivan Stevović
 * Radivoj Božić
 * Ljubiša Đorđević
 * Aleksandar Tirnanić
 * Slavko Šurdonja
 * Kuzman Sotirović
 * Blagoje Marjanović
 * Djordje Vujadinović
 * Svetislav Glišović

Top scorers
Final goalscoring position, number of goals, player/players and club.
 * 1 - 21 goals - Vladimir Kragić (Hajduk Split)
 * 2 - 16 goals - Blagoje Marjanović (BSK Belgrade)
 * 3 - 15 goals - Đorđe Vujadinović (BSK Belgrade)

title: 1932–33 Yugoslav Football Championship


text:
User talk:Edboston8

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! →Jo urna list  >>talk<<  21:00, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Manual of Style
When adding external links to a page, make sure to use the correct Wiki formatting. For details on how to do this, see Manual of Style. Thanks! — Wackymacs 20:18, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Edboston8


text: Category:Education in the Dominican Republic


text:
Talk:Red-eye gravy

Flour
I've never seen anyone who knew what they were doing thicken red-eye gravy with flour (or anything else, for that matter). Can anyone who grew up in the South verify that anyone actually does this?

Maybe yankees fix it that way, like putting sugar in cornbread.

I've lived in the South all of my life, and my Father, who is an excellent cook, learned how to make Red Eye Gravy from his mother and I've learned from him. No, we don't add flour. In fact, the reason I was told it was "red eye" was because when you put the country ham drippings in a bowl, it looks like a red eye. We don't add anything and it is yummy with some good southern buscuits! Although if my Granddaddy was making it, he would add the coffee.

To me, gravy means jus with flour, and if it doesn't have flour, its just jus. (French for Juice)

It's called red eye because the coffee keeps you up at night.

Comment

 * The flour is added to the ham grease drippings to make a white gravy, not a red-eye gravy. The white gravy is then peppered.

-Wayne County, Mississippi

 * Indeed. Anyone who found that this page does not describe the food they were looking for, is probably looking for sawmill gravy. I'm adding that as a "See Also"... ExOttoyuhr (talk) 23:14, 24 August 2008 (UTC)

The Mississippi variation uses red wine in the place of coffee.
What is your reference? I am a native Mississippian and I've never heard of it. Many Mississippians are opposed to the use of alcohol on religious grounds. Historically, wine has not been widely available. When alcohol has been available, it has usually been corn whiskey. Maybe you found one recipe for it somewhere, but that does not support this generalization.BinkyGee (talk) 02:23, 11 March 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Red-eye gravy