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Kannathil Muthamittal

Kannathil Muthamittal (also released internationally under the translated title A Peck on the Cheek) is a 2002 Indian Tamil-language musical war film produced and directed by Mani Ratnam. It was based on a short story, "Amuthavum Avanum" by Sujatha. The film stars R. Madhavan, Simran and P. S. Keerthana with Nandita Das, J. D. Chakravarthy, Prakash Raj and Pasupathy portraying other pivotal characters. The film's score and soundtrack were composed by A. R. Rahman, while Ravi K. Chandran handled the cinematography. Mani Ratnam presents the story of a child of Sri Lankan Tamil parentage adopted by Indian parents, whose desire is to meet her biological mother in the midst of the Sri Lankan Civil War. It was released on 14 February 2002.

The film premiered at the 2002 Toronto International Film Festival and was additionally screen at the 2003 San Francisco International Film Festival. The film received high critical acclaim upon release and went on to win six National Film Awards, three Filmfare Awards South, six Cinema Express Awards, seven Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and Best Film awards at six international film festivals.

Plot
In Mankulam, a small Tamil village in Sri Lanka, M. D. Shyama marries Dileepan and becomes pregnant. Amidst the backdrop of the Sri Lankan Civil War, Dileepan fights against the government with other men in the village as part of the separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). While romancing in the forest, the couple hears Sri Lankan Army troops approaching. Dileepan makes Shyama flee while he remains in the forest. Afterwards, the villagers begin fleeing to India, but Shyama is reluctant to join as she still hopes her husband will come for her. Her relatives convince her to go for her unborn child's sake, and they board a rickety boat, journeying through rough waters. An older man says that he has seen Dileepan with bullet wounds in the forest. Shyama wants the boat to turn around but it is too late. After arriving in Rameswaram (in Tamil Nadu, India), Shyama gives birth to a baby girl during refugee processing. However, she leaves behind the baby in order to return to Sri Lanka, hoping that her husband is alive and wishing to continue in his footsteps.

Nine years later in Chennai, a young girl, Amudha lives a happy life with her father, the writer Thiruchelvan (better known by his pen name Indira), her mother, a newscaster and the "real" Indira, and her two younger brothers, Vinay and Akhil. Amudha is close to her father while being more distant from her mother. On Amudha's ninth birthday, Thiruchelvan reveals to Amudha that she was adopted and her younger brothers are their biological children. Amudha is very disturbed after hearing the news and begins distancing herself from everyone else. Indira's father criticizes their decision, but Thiruchelvan and Indira are certain they have done the right move. Amudha asks her parents about her adoption. Nine years earlier in Rameswaram, Thiruchelvan, then a budding writer, often travels to a refugee camp and writes stories inspired by the people there. During one visit, Thiruchelvan sees a newborn baby girl and writes a short story about her. Indira is his neighbour, and has always been interested in him. Thiruchelvan wants to adopt the girl, but is not allowed to as a single man. He marries Indira and adopts the baby girl, naming her "Amudha" at Indira's suggestion. A few years later, Indira gives birth to Vinay and Akhil.

Still dissatisfied, Amudha requests to meet her biological mother despite Indira's insistence that she can't be found. Amudha secretly goes to Rameshwaram with her cousin and finds her records. Shocked at her stubbornness, her family rushes there. Thiruchelvan gives in and agrees to take Amudha to Sri Lanka to find her birth mother. Leaving the two boys under the care of Indira's father, the trio travel to Sri Lanka and meet Dr. Harold Wickramasinghe, a Sinhalese friend of Thiruchelvan who guides them. Amudha's increasingly rude and impatient behavior towards Indira strains their relationship. During their stay, they observe the difficulties and violence that the civil war has brought. While walking in the jungle, Thiruchelvan and Wickramasinghe are captured by a group of LTTE cadres. Thiruchelvan immediately recites Tamil poetry and is identified as Indira by Pasupathy, the group's leader. Thiruchelvan explains his motives of coming to the country, mentioning the only evidence that he has regarding Amudha's birth mother is that her name is Shyama. Pasupathy arranges a meeting and says he will bring Shyama to the designated spot. It turns out that Shyama is Pasupathy's sister and a fellow LTTE cadre living in hiding.

The next day, Wickramasinghe, Amudha, Indira, and Thiruchelvan wait in a park to meet Shyama, but a battle breaks out there as the Sri Lankan army tries to destroy a nearby LTTE base. During their escape, Indira gets shot in her arm. After escaping and getting medical treatment, Amudha apologizes to Indira for her behavior and requests they return to India. The next day, the family leaves for the airport but Indira unexpectedly asks them to revisit the park. Shyama arrives just in time; after an emotional reunion, Amudha gives Shyama a photo album and asks her a series of questions which she only partially answers. As the meeting comes to an end, Amudha begs Shyama to come to Chennai with her but Shyama tearfully refuses, saying that she has work to do in Sri Lanka and they can only meet again when the country is at peace. Thiruchelvan, Amudha, and Indira hug each other as Shyama leaves, and a teary-eyed Amudha kisses her parents.

Production
Like other Mani Ratnam projects, the film began production with very little official publicity in early 2001 with the media covering the project as either Manjal Kudai (Yellow Umbrella) or Kudaigal (Umbrellas). The film was reported of a trilogy of films based on love and peace in the backdrop of war after Roja (1992), Bombay (1995) and Dil Se (1998). The film was originally conceived as a taut racy thriller that centres on a script based on a female leader of a guerilla group – with Mani Ratnam later choosing to base the film on human relationships with the backdrop of the Sri Lankan Civil War. R. Madhavan was signed up to play a leading role in the film, with the venture becoming his third straight Mani Ratnam project after Alaipayuthey and the Mani Ratnam production, Dumm Dumm Dumm. For the role of Indira, Mani Ratnam considered casting Jyothika, Soundarya or relative newcomer Bhumika Chawla, before finalising Simran to portray the character. Madhavan and Simran thus shot for two films simultaneously together, as they had also been cast in K. Balachandar's Paarthale Paravasam as a married couple. Nandita Das was also hired for the film, making her debut in Tamil films, and in a later interview mentioned that the team shot for nearly thirteen hours a day. P. S. Keerthana, the second daughter of actors Parthiban and Seetha, was cast the child artiste in the film, while Prakash Raj was also hired to play a Sinhalese character. Mani Ratnam approached actor Vikram to make a special appearance as Keerthana's biological father in the film, but his refusal meant that J. D. Chakravarthy was later handed the role.

The title of the film was finally announced as Kannathil Muthammittal (If the cheek is kissed) in July 2001, after a famous phrase from a poem written by Subramanya Bharathi. The shoot began in Chennai with a ten-day schedule in the Besant Nagar area. Parts of the film shown to be Colombo in the film were shot in Puducherry. Further schedules were carried out in the forests of Kerala to depict the base of the LTTE in northern Sri Lanka. As most of the cast were non-native Tamil speakers, dubbing artistes were used with actresses Sukanya and Deepa Venkat lending their voices for Nandita Das and Simran respectively. Furthermore, Mounika lent her voice for Easwari Rao's character, while Thalaivasal Vijay spoke lines for Chakravarthy.

Music
The soundtrack featuring six songs was released on 12 January 2002 by the label Tips Music. This film marked the debut of playback singer Chinmayi into the film industry at the age of 15. The score and soundtrack fetched A. R. Rahman his fourth National Film Award for Best Music Direction. Lyricist Vairamuthu too won the National Film Award for Best Lyrics, for the song "Kannathil Muthamittal".

Release
The film opened to positive reviews from critics. Gauthaman Baskaran of The Hindu Frontline wrote the film is "certainly a must for those who still believe in meaningful cinema", while praising Mani Ratnam's "grip on the medium".

Accolades
This is a list of awards and nominations received by the 2002 Indian Tamil-language film Kannathil Muthamittal. The film was highly appreciated upon its release and went on to win several awards and nominations at different award ceremonies the following year. It also had a highly acclaimed soundtrack which got A. R. Rahman his fourth National Film Award for Best Music Direction for the second consecutive time after Lagaan for both his songs and background score. The film holds a record of six National Film Awards wins which is the highest by any Tamil Film tied with Aadukalam and also being the highest for the year 2002. The film has won a total of 40 awards since its release.

title: Kannathil Muthamittal


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User talk:Granade~enwiki

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Noisy | Talk 09:29, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Granade. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Granade~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Granade~enwiki


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Template talk:History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Judging from the rarity of edits to this template, it seems likely no one will read this. However, this template needs to be updated.

The problem is that the links have been styled yellow through use of span tags. That means the underlines are the wrong colour. It also makes it very difficult to tell which links have been visited, which don't yet have a page, etc.

If no one objects I think we should turn it into a more standardised grey table with ordinary links. It won't look as fancy, but it'll be more consistent and less buggy.

Have now corrected table as per my suggestions above. El T 15:35, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Kingdom of Kongo (14th century to 1867)
I removed the link Kingdom of Kongo (14th century to 1867) because many more states were covering the DRC back in the days, and that particular one covered parts of Angola with Kabinda and the other Congo. ---21:16, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

flag?
Would it be better to have a image of four flags from Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo put together in a grid, rather than the flag using parts of different flags? While it makes sense for people who know all the flags, if you dont know them it may look like it is the flag, rather than one composed of different images --Astrokey 44 02:42, 24 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I would agree with this. I actually hadn't realized that this was a composite image until quite recently. - BanyanTree 22:15, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I have updated the flags and made a grid as suggested. Someone who better knows what flags should be included may wish to change the flags displayed, or their order. El T 11:49, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I removed the image altogether - it's simpler and neater without. El T (talk) 06:26, 3 November 2009 (UTC)


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Gripe (tool)

A gripe is a simple form of clamp used in building a clinker boat, for temporarily holding the strake which is being fitted onto the one to which it is to be attached. The strake is relatively thin and wide, so the tool must have a long reach and requires only a small movement. This is achieved by taking two pieces of dense timber, typically oak, each of a length a little more than twice the widest width of the strake. A coach bolt is fitted through the middle and adjusted so that the gripe will fit onto the land (the joint between the adjacent strakes) while admitting the point of a wedge between the free ends of the two parts of the gripe. The wedge is then tapped in so that the gripe grips the land, using the bolt as a fulcrum.

The name is pronounced with the "i" as a long diphthong and is a form of the word grip.

title: Gripe (tool)


text:
User:CLW/Other wikis

 * A Wiki of Unfortunate Events
 * Wikiquote userpage
 * Wiktionary userpage
 * Northern Ireland Government Wiki

title: User:CLW/Other wikis


text:
Talk:Watermill, New York

"Water Mill", with the emphasis on "Mill", is the local usage. --Wetman 09:31, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Watermill, New York


text:
Talk:List of World XI ODI cricketers

Out of date
Just making a note that this needs to be updated. Stephen Turner 09:33, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Well done. Now it's time to list it on FLC:) jguk 18:23, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you. My photo too! Stephen Turner 19:03, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

2005 (UTC)

 * I think we can use balls for Sri Lanka, this list, the ACC list, Zimbabwe and a few others. The problem is that some Aussie matches were played with 8-ball overs, so if we convert them they are going to be inconsistent. Sam Vimes 19:07, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I thought that might be the answer. I still prefer overs where the team has never played 8-ball overs, but I can see the virtue of consistency too. Still, if we use balls, I definitely prefer to drop maidens. Balls and maidens is weird. Stephen Turner 19:25, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

 * In the absence of any objections, I removed the maidens. Stephen Turner 10:17, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

Better reference?
Oh, one more thing. Is there a better reference listing these players? Because the Howstat page referenced at the moment doesn't actually work for non-country teams (although maybe they'll fix it in the future). I used Cricinfo to generate the stats, but not from a single list. I couldn't find a particularly good list at cricketarchive.com either. Stephen Turner 19:23, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I linked to a suitable search on Cricinfo StatsGuru. Stephen Turner 10:02, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

World XI - Redirect?
World XI redirects here, which might be a little confusing for people searching for information on the various "Test" World XI's (Packer, England 1970), etc. Short of a genuine stub article, perhaps a mention of this in the lead would be a good idea? Tevildo 19:00, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:ICC World XI.png
Image:ICC World XI.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 18:52, 2 January 2008 (UTC) sfafkll lhk.haxflk lkl;kfhdk lawkl;hkl hjklgafjg lhjkjklhakdkl l;jkjskdjal; asl;wguof ;2233 ahiofhsovfsdjkhg ahfjkdfl;efd sdfsdfksgfklfhsd78h oihysjkgfkl jksjkgdf dsd djkdhfjl sfkdj hkhfjhldsfil; sdfio lhdfl;io; sdjoph ljds loskldfjl;s kl;gdflsjgl;dkf \ dfopl; \ mdfj gjghlfljl;to psjkp [ioHJO[I ]\ I[OPS JKLJLK SVMIIOUMO0HI FUOPDF [ SDJPGIOHPJK LJFDIOHJIO J SFAYEHODSJFKN9 /9327 54,.ASFE L ISFKPSGPJKLSDJL;XNFMLN, S GSJKHJSGJJGK

IOAFJKSGGFSLKDFGKJFHKLFHSDKJHSDKDSJKFSDKJFSDSDFHUIERWNCIVXM,IUXCVF8UVHCMWNPOSACH FJABAFJB' AFYHYUSGFDSUIGI ISKAGFSDGFSD SD — Preceding unsigned comment added by 111.88.160.72 (talk) 07:44, 1 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on List of World XI ODI cricketers. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20170825200220/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/caps.html?country=140%3Bclass%3D2 to http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/caps.html?country=140%3Bclass%3D2
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150623074359/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting.html?class=2%3Bid%3D140%3Btype%3Dteam to http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting.html?class=2%3Bid%3D140%3Btype%3Dteam
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150704101203/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/bowling.html?class=2%3Bid%3D140%3Btype%3Dteam to http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/bowling.html?class=2%3Bid%3D140%3Btype%3Dteam

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title: Talk:List of World XI ODI cricketers


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The Joe Strummer Foundation

The Joe Strummer Foundation is a non-profit organisation which promotes the development of new music. It was established in memory of punk rock singer and guitarist Joe Strummer shortly after his death in December 2002. Strummer's widow Lucinda was the principal founder along with their daughters, Jazz and Lola Mellor, and English artist Damien Hirst. The organisation was known as Strummerville until December 2014.

Organisation
The Joe Strummer Foundation is a registered charity that supports aspiring musicians and funds projects which promote new music. The foundation's chief director, Trish Whelan, described it as an effort to cultivate interest and interactivity among young artists. "We are not a label, so there's no ulterior motive for us. It's not a training ground for pop stars, it's about helping people express themselves through music."

The foundation extends encouragement and material support to all unsigned musicians. The foundation operates the "Strummerville Studio", a free workshop and rehearsal space (decorated with handwritten lyrics by Strummer himself) at The Roundhouse in London. Other charitable facilities include two studios located in Belfast at the Oh Yeah music centre and one in Bogota, built in partnership with the international non-profit Fairtunes. In 2007, the foundation began operating one of the stages at the Glastonbury Festival, the annual performing arts event that had become one of Strummer's passions in his later life, dubbing it The Strummerville Bandstand. Also at Glastonbury is a small campsite named for Strummer that is the scene of intimate fireside performances. The foundation has given support to hundreds of musicians including some, like Bastille and Anna Calvi, that have gone on to find wide audiences. The first national tour by Strummerville bands – the "Westway Round the UK Tour" – was begun in Autumn 2010 with the headline artist Beans on Toast.

The organization is itself often the beneficiary of charity events. In December 2019, a New York City concert marking the 40th anniversary of the release of London Calling donated all its proceeds to the Strummer Foundation. Participants included Debbie Harry, Jesse Malin, Fred Armisen, and Eugene Hutz.

Related activities
A cover of The Clash's "Janie Jones", retitled as "Janie Jones (Strummerville)", was released by B-Unique Records in October 2006 as a charity single for Strummerville. The record was nominally credited to "Babyshambles and Friends" – in addition to the band Babyshambles, performers included Jamie T, Jeremy Warmsley, Kid Harpoon, Laura Marling, and Lisa Moorish, as well as members of Cazals, Dirty Pretty Things, GoodBooks, Guillemots, The Kooks, Larrikin Love, The Libertines, Macabees, Mystery Jets, Noisettes, The Paddingtons, The Rakes, and We Are Scientists. It reached No. 17 on the UK Single Chart.

Filmmaker Don Letts, an old friend of Strummer, made a documentary about the charity, Strummerville, released in March 2010. "Strummerville" is also the name of a tribute song to Strummer by Irish punk band Stiff Little Fingers.

title: The Joe Strummer Foundation


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H. H. Price

Henry Habberley Price (17 May 1899 – 26 November 1984), usually cited as H. H. Price, was a Welsh philosopher, known for his work on the philosophy of perception. He also wrote on parapsychology.

Biography
Born in Neath, Glamorganshire, Wales, Price was educated at Winchester College and New College, Oxford. He obtained first-class honours in Literae Humaniores in 1921. He was a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1922–4, Assistant Lecturer in philosophy at the university of Liverpool (1922–23), Fellow and Tutor of Trinity College, Oxford (1924–35), Lecturer in philosophy at Oxford (1932–35) and Wykeham Professor of Logic and Fellow of New College (1935–59). Price was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1943 to 1944. He was elected to the British Academy in 1943.

Price is perhaps best known for his work on the philosophy of perception. He argues for a sophisticated sense-datum account, although he rejects phenomenalism. In his book Thinking and Experience, he moves from perception to thought and argues for a dispositionalist account of conceptual cognition. Concepts are held to be a kind of intellectual capacity, manifested in perceptual contexts as recognitional capacities. For Price, concepts are not some kind of mental entity or representation. The ultimate appeal is to a species of memory distinct from event recollection.

He died in Oxford.

Parapsychology
Price had written various publications on parapsychology, often advocating new concepts and theories. He was President of the Society for Psychical Research (1939–40, 1960–1)

Afterlife
Price had speculated on the nature of the afterlife and developed his own hypothesis about what the afterlife may be like. According to Price after death the self will find itself in a dream world of memories and mental images from their life. Price wrote that the hypothetical "next world would be realms of real mental images." Price however believed that the self may be able to draw upon its memories of previous physical existence to create an environment of totally new images. According to Price, the dream world will not follow the laws of physics just as ordinary dreams do not. In addition, he wrote that each person will experience a world of their own, though he also wrote that the dream world doesn't necessarily have to be solipsistic as different selves may be able to communicate with each other by dream telepathy.

Place memories
Price developed the concept of "place memories" (see Stone Tape). He proposed that hauntings could be explained by memories becoming lost from an individual's mind and then somehow attaching themselves to the environment which could be picked up by others as hallucinations. He also believed that "place memories" could explain psychometry.

Psychic ether
Linking his afterlife hypothesis with the concept of place memories Price proposed another hypothesis called the "psychic ether" hypothesis. He wrote that this hypothesis would explain where the memories would be stored for hauntings as well as for clairvoyance, ghosts and other paranormal phenomena. Price proposed that a universal psychic ether coexisting dimension exists as an intermediary between the mental and ordinary matter. According to Price the psychic ether consists of images and ideas. Price wrote that apparitions are actually memories from people and that under the right conditions they can be seen as hallucinations. Price believed that the dreamlike world of the afterlife exists in the psychic ether. According to (Ellwood, 2001) the psychic ether of Price is "a posited level of reality consisting of persisting, dynamic images created by the mind and capable of being perceived by certain persons."

Reception
Some researchers have attempted to update the afterlife hypothesis of Price. Michael Grosso (1979) in an extension of Price's theory suggested that the "ego may become fragmented in the afterlife state and when ones wish's and desires are played out may experience a transpersonal state akin to those experienced by the mystics". The psychical researcher Ralph Noyes (1998) published an article discussing the theories of Price and attempted to update them with recent finds in parapsychology. Noyes proposed that the mental world of Price is a "psychosphere" which he defined as a "vast and complex cauldron of ideas, memories, volitions, desires and all the other furniture of conscious experience and unconscious mental functioning".

The most common criticism of HH Price's afterlife hypothesis has come from the religious community as his suggestions are not consistent with traditional Christian teaching, nor the teachings of any other monotheistic religion.

Quotes
"When I see a tomato there is much that I can doubt. I can doubt whether it is a tomato that I am seeing, and not a cleverly painted piece of wax.  I can doubt whether there is any material thing there at all.  Perhaps what I took for a tomato was really a reflection; perhaps I am even the victim of some hallucination.  One thing however I cannot doubt: that there exists a red patch of a round and somewhat bulgy shape, standing out from a background of other colour-patches, and having a certain visual depth, and that this whole field of colour is directly present to my consciousness."
 * Price, H. H. Perception. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd, 1932.

Works

 * Perception (1932)
 * Truth and Corrigibility (1936)
 * Hume's Theory of the External World (1940)
 * Thinking and Representation.(1946) Hertz Trust Philosophical lecture, British Academy
 * Thinking and Experience (1953; second edition, 1969)
 * Belief (1969) (1959–61 Gifford Lectures, online)
 * Essays in the Philosophy of Religion, based on the Sarum lectures 1971 (1972)
 * Philosophical Interactions with Parapsychology: The Major Writings of H. H. Price on Parapsychology and Survival (1995) edited by Frank B. Dilley
 * Collected Works of Henry H. Price (1996) four volumes, edited by Martha Kneale
 * Thinking and Experience, and Some Aspects of the Conflict between Science and Religion (1996) reprints

 * Articles
 * Price, H. H. (1939). "Haunting and the 'psychic ether' hypothesis: With some preliminary reflections on the present condition and possible future of psychical research". Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, 45, 307–374.
 * Price, H. H. (1940). 2Some philosophical questions about telepathy and clairvoyance". Philosophy, 15, 363–374.
 * Price, H.H. (1947). "Harold Arthur Prichard", Proceedings of the British Academy, XXXIII, 1947 [reprinted as pamphlet, 1–20]
 * Price, H. H. (1948). "Psychical research and human personality". Hibbert Journal, 105–113.
 * Price, H. H. (1953). "Survival and the idea of 'another world'". Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, 50, 1–125.
 * Price, H. H. (1959). "Psychical research and human nature". Journal of Parapsychology, 23, 178–187.
 * Price, H. H. (1961). "Apparitions: Two theories". Journal of Parapsychology, 24, 110–125.

title: H. H. Price


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Steve Dannenmann

Steven Paul "Steve" Dannenmann (born August 15, 1966, in Baltimore, Maryland) is a CPA from Severn, Maryland who gained attention in the poker world for his success in the 2005 World Series of Poker, finishing runner-up to Joe Hachem in the Main Event in his first attempt. He won $4,250,000 as the result of this second place finish.

Accounting career
Dannenmann has been a certified public accountant, financial advisor in his own firm since 1991.

After his second place Main Event finish, Dannenmann said that he would not quit his job because it has taken a long time to establish his business and finds much passion advising his clients to make sound financial decisions.

Poker career
Arriving as a fresh face on the poker scene, during one WSOP segment he claimed to be merely "the fourth best player in his home game" prior to his entry in the Main Event. In fact the 2005 WSOP Main Event was his very first recorded tournament cash. Before this, he mainly played in his home game with friends. He did not want to pay the entire main event fee himself so he split the $10,000 entry fee 50/50 with his friend Jerry Ditzel. After finishing 2nd in the Main Event, Dannenmann split the $4,250,000 prize with him.

Dannenmann feels that Dan Harrington's book on the end-game of No Limit Hold-Em tournaments helped him greatly with his success. He read volume II just days before pla On the way to second place, he knocked out 1994 WSOP champion Russ Hamilton and Mike Matusow.

His finish in the main event qualified him for the 2005 WSOP Tournament of Champions, where he finished in fifth place and won $100,000. During the final table, he lambasted Phil Hellmuth Jr for his behaviour toward the tournament director by refusing to stack his chips and purposely and continuously slowing the tournament down.

Dannenmann considers himself to be superstitious. He refuses to ride in a cab unless the cab ended in an even number that year, wore the same shirt 7 days in a row during the tournament, and used his lucky globe as a card protector.

In the press conference after the WSOP Main Event, Dannenmann said that he found that playing poker for seven consecutive days for 12–14 hours to be boring, which led to criticism from some professionals.

He has also competed on the World Poker Tour and has cashed in two events. His highest WPT cash was $65,000 for his 11th-place finish in the 2008 Borgata Poker Open tournament in Atlantic City, New Jersey.

As of 2008, his total live tournament winnings exceed $4,500,000. His 3 cashes at the WSOP account for $4,271,489 of those winnings.

title: Steve Dannenmann


text:
Talk:Pauli effect

Pauli's beliefs
Most physicist see the Pauli effect as a humorous anecdote. i was a bit surprised too see, that somebody added the claim that Pauli considered it as real. In order to first present the "orthodox" view, I moved down the respective paragraph. I also took the liberty to insert an "allegedly". After all, we do not have a quote by Pauli himself saying so. The mentioned biography is known and acclaimed as good, but the mentioned collegue quite unknown. (To the fact: It sounds credible though not too likely that Pauli did believe it. He was known to be very interested in psychology and parapsychology. And parapsychology had a much better standing with open-minded but still rigorous scientist then more than now, as then experiments seemed to show psi effects. Now, more carefully designed experiments rule such stuff out, and statistical science can explain its appearence well. But all this of course belongs into another article...) Simon A. 09:37, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

The German page on the Pauli Effect tells that Pauli was on his way to Copenhagen, not Zurich. He lived in Zurich, so maybe this is the reason for the mixup? --Yooden

 * Think its evindet that Pauli genuinely believed in the effect. I assume that this contributed then as well to the then better standing of e.g. Hans Benders para chair. --Polentario (talk) 13:32, 5 January 2010 (UTC)

"Anecdotes" ... "reality"... "belief"... what are they?
"Anecdotes" ... "reality"... "belief"... what are they?   M  aurice    C arbonaro     08:22, 10 May 2014 (UTC)

Notability
Is a given, just try the basic sources and the scientific background. Serten (talk) 00:05, 14 August 2014 (UTC)

Intro
The previous entry included various speculation about a "not experimentally-verified" failure of technical equipment in the presence of certain people. Thats not being sourced at all, the effect was named and reported in connection with Wolfgang Pauli. Who else? What sort of experiment would be able to falsify the effect? The (humorous) Pauli effect has been compared with the Pauli exclusion principle, which is a bona fide physical phenomenon, thats true, but its quite evident, that both have been subject of actual science. Pauli himself believed in the effect being real and based e.g. his close commection and letter exchange with C.G. Jung in it. If someone has doubts about the intro, please discuss them instead of misplacing WP:templates.Serten (talk) 10:49, 14 August 2014 (UTC)

??? Multiple issues
Some IP has reinstalled a multiple issues tag. PLease be informed, that the article per se cannot have much issues, since only the intro has been changed, sources (and valid ones) have been added. Furthermore any such tag is worthless with out a discussion section being opened by the contender. I ask to erase the tag. Serten (talk) 12:24, 16 August 2014 (UTC)

Since various attempts to start a discussion what is to be improved to get rid of the tags have led to nothing, I requested a third party opinion. Serten (talk) 16:55, 22 August 2014 (UTC)

 * The request for a Third Opinion made in reference to this dispute has been declined/removed because there has been no thorough discussion of the issue. All forms of moderated content dispute resolution require thorough discussion before seeking assistance. I would ordinarily recommend that you consider the recommendations which I make here about an editor who will not discuss, but in this instance with an IP editor whose address changes, I'm more inclined to recommend page protection. Regards, TransporterMan  ( TALK ) 18:19, 22 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks TransporterMan, I asked for a half protection. Serten (talk) 21:09, 22 August 2014 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 03:22, 25 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Wolfgang Pauli.jpg

Cultural references in Babylon 5
In S00E04 The River of Souls, captain Elisabeth Lochley tells the story of failing technical equipment and the episode with Pauli changing trains, to a staff member. 98.128.225.130 (talk) 00:28, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

Evidence of consciousness interacting with matter?
Hi, if as some suggest consciousness is a fundamental force, then it should have a force carrier. If so then the argument about PK being invalid may in fact not be the case though it is very rare. Expanding on this, some individuals seem to have a real world effect on certain electronics, it is suggested that this mechanism may be due to radiation being emitted either thermal or ionizing interfering with exposed electronics through gaps in the casing, and a somewhat magnified effect can be seen in those undergoing radioisotope therapy. Some suggest that weak effects like generating a single pulse on a Geiger counter (a common tool of paranormal researchers) is actually more than likely random chance but more sensitive detectors can also pick up on this effect and lead to a "Life Signs Detector" of sorts. 91.190.161.160 (talk) 03:54, 24 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pauli effect


text:
Aayutha Ezhuthu

Aayutha Ezhuthu (Weapon Letter) is a 2004 Indian Tamil-language political action film directed by Mani Ratnam. The film, which is loosely based on the life story of George Reddy, a scholar from Osmania University of Hyderabad, stars Suriya, R. Madhavan and Siddharth in the lead roles. Esha Deol, Meera Jasmine, Trisha, Sriman, Janagaraj and Bharathiraja appears in supporting roles. Notably, this film is the Tamil debut of Esha Deol and the only Tamil film she has ever acted in. The film's title was taken from the name of a Tamil letter ஃ – three dots corresponding to the film's three different personalities from completely different strata of society.

The score and soundtrack were composed by A. R. Rahman, while Ravi K. Chandran and Sreekar Prasad handled the cinematography and editing of the film. The film was simultaneously shot in Hindi as Yuva with an entirely different cast retaining Deol.

Aayutha Ezhuthu was released on 21 May 2004 to positive reviews from critics and became a commercial success at the box office.

Plot
The film begins with Inba Sekar shooting Michael “Mike” Vasanth on his bike, resulting in him falling off the Napier Bridge into the water below which is witnessed by Arjun Balakrishnan. The flashback of the characters before the incident then unveils.

Inbasekar grew up to be a goon as his brother Gunasekaran had left him to fend for himself, and he had no option of earning. He loves, marries, and abuses his wife Sashi. He gets into a contract under Guna's recommendation to run errands and work as a hitman for Selvanayagam, a politician.

Michael is an influential student leader who wants politicians like Selvanayagam to keep away from college elections. Michael is in love with his neighbour Geetha, who lives with her uncle and aunt. Selvanayagam is worried when he hears news of students standing in the election. He uses every possible tactic to get them out of politics. Firstly, he provides a scholarship to study at a prestigious foreign university to Michael. When Michael refuses the bribe, Inba takes control under Guna's orders. Inba beats some students but faces very strong retaliation from Michael and other students. Inba and his thug friend Dilli meet Michael face-to-face and fall into a tussle after Inba threatens the latter to leave politics.

Arjun Balakrishnan is the carefree and spoiled son of an IAS officer. He wants to relocate to the US for a better future. He falls in love with Meera, whom he just met. One day, Arjun proposes to Meera on the road, and she gets into an auto while telling him to prove it, playfully. Arjun hitches a ride from Michael, who is riding in the same direction, to catch up with Meera. Suddenly, Michael is shot with three rounds fired by Inba, but Arjun saves him. Critically injured, Michael is rushed to the hospital by Meera and Arjun.

Inba finds out that Michael is recovering from his injuries and this is witnessed by Arjun, who follows him to apprehend him, only for Inba to beat him up badly and leave him with a broken arm. After staying by his side until his recovery, Arjun changes his mind and joins hands with Michael to contest in elections. Inba later kills Guna when he finds out that he had been instructed by Selvanayagam to take him out due to Inba leaving an eyewitness, Arjun, behind the bridge incident. He confronts Selvanayagam, who brainwashes him to work for him and orders him to kidnap Arjun, Suchi, and Trilok. However, they escape with the help of Dilli, who has a change of heart after realising that their profession was interfering with their personal lives, causing Sashi to leave Inba for her hometown. He convinces Inba, however to no avail, and is killed by him when he aids Arjun's escape.

While running, Arjun calls Michael for help, but Inba easily catches up and thrashes him. Michael arrives in the nick of time to rescue Arjun at the Napier Bridge. A fight ensues between the three men, where Inba is overpowered by Michael, who spares him and leaves him for the police. Inba is handed over to the police and jailed. Michael, Arjun, Suchi, and Trilok win the four seats they had contested for and thus enter into politics.

Cast
{{cast listing|
 * Suriya as Michael Vasanth, an activist who wants to encourage students to enter politics
 * R. Madhavan as Inbasekar, a goon working as muscle for politician Selvanayagam
 * Siddharth as Arjun Balakrishnan, a wealthy young man who dreams of going to America
 * Esha Deol as Prof. Geethanjali, Michael's neighbor and also his love interest
 * Meera Jasmine as Sashi, Inbasekar's wife who gets abused every day by him
 * Trisha as Meera, a girl who is going to Sivakasi and Arjun's love interest
 * Bharathiraja as Selvanayagam, a ruthless politician and Inba's boss who wants to get the college students out of politi
 * Sriman as Dilli, Lallan's friend who helps Arjun, Vishnu, and Suchi escape
 * Janagaraj as Dr. Vishwanath, Radhika's uncle
 * Five Star Krishna as Trilok, Michael's close associate who once gets beaten up by Inbasekar
 * Suchitra as Suchitra, Michael's close associate who acts as a right-hand to him
 * Shanthi Williams as Shenbagam
 * Viji Chandrasekhar as Angamma
 * R. S. Shivaji as Swaminathan
 * Janaki Sabesh as Gowri
 * Praveen as Gunasekaran
 * Raja as Siva's friend
 * Sai as Siva's friend
 * Vishwa as Siva's friend
 * Prakash Chandra as Michael's friend
 * Cool Suresh as Inba's friend
 * S. Ramana Girivasan as Inspector
 * Kamala Krishnaswamy as Leela
 * Shankar Sundaram as IAS Avinash Balakrishnan, Arjun's Father

Uncredited appearance
}}
 * Karthi as Michael's friend
 * R. Kannan as a villager
 * M. S. Bhaskar as a train conductor
 * R. Sundaramoorthy as a press reporter

Production
The film began pre-production in early 2003 in a typical manner adapted by the director, Mani Ratnam, who keeps his projects under wraps until completion. The director chose to make two different versions of the film as he did not want the film to be dubbed, explaining that the essence of the script would be lost if they had done so. The project was named Aayitha Ezhuthu after the last letter of the Tamil alphabet, which is denoted by three dots in a triangle and the director revealed that the film was about three individuals. Early reports indicated that the film would be based on the 2000 neorealist Mexican film, Amores perros by Alejandro González Iñárritu, but eventually only the idea of hyperlink cinema was common in both films. However, Mani Ratnam revealed that the film was closer to Akira Kurosawa's 1950 Japanese film Rashomon as both films dealt with a cause-effect and a third-view called Rashomon effect.

Suriya, who made his debut in the 1997 Mani Ratnam production Nerukku Ner, revealed that he agreed "blindly" to star in the film without even listening to the story or his character. The actor revealed in an interview about Mani Ratnam's choice that "when the master calls for the student you just say “yes”." Suriya stated that his character was based on a real person George Reddy from Andhra Pradesh and to prepare, he read a lot of books and collected a lot of information before the shoot. R. Madhavan was signed on to appear in Mani Ratnam's fourth successive project after playing the lead roles in his Alaipayuthey (2000) and Kannathil Muthamittal (2002) as well as his 2001 production, Dumm Dumm Dumm. The actor bulked up and sported a shaven look for the first time in his career to resemble his character of a ruffian. Initially, actor Vikram was considered to do the role of Madhavan, but unable to sign in due to his other commitments. For a third lead role, Mani Ratnam called Srikanth and requested him to audition for the project in December 2002. The actor had scored back-to-back successes in his first two films, Roja Koottam and April Madhathil, and was subsequently selected to be a part of the film. However, the actor soon after suffered an injury and was unable to commit to the dates Mani Ratnam suggested. Shaam was next approached for the role of Arjun, but date clashes with Iyarkai, meant that he was unable to sign the project. Karthi, the brother of Suriya, was then offered the role but declined the offer to make his debut and worked as an assistant director on the film because he wanted to become a film director and preferred directing to acting. Siddharth, who had previously apprenticed as an assistant director under Mani Ratnam in Kannathil Muthamittal before his making his acting debut in Shankar's Boys, was subsequently signed on for the film. Prior to release, Siddharth felt he was cast as he "looked, talked and behaved like Arjun" and mentioned that the sync sound technique used worked in favour of him as he was an experienced theatre actor. Veteran director Bharathiraja was signed on to play a politician in the film, while Sriman and Janagaraj were given supporting roles. Leading Kannada actor Sudeep was also initially slated to form a part of the cast after meeting Mani Ratnam for the script discussion, but was ultimately discarded from the film. Krishna and Suchitra, a singer and radio jockey, also were chosen to play the roles of student leaders in the film.

Malayalam actress Meera Jasmine was signed on to play a slum dweller in the film portraying Madhavan's wife and it was reported that she spent hours perfecting her Tamil for the film, trying to get rid of her native Malayalam accent to adapt to the sound sync technique used. Relative newcomer Trisha was also signed on to play a youngster in the film and dubbed for her own voice for the first time. Initially Simran was signed on to play the roles of Geetanjali in both versions, but opted out after she began to have problems speaking Tamil as the sound for the film was recorded live. Esha Deol, daughter of actress Hema Malini, was then selected to play the role in the Tamil version of the film after Suhasini enquired whether she could speak Tamil. After finishing her work in Aaytha Ezhuthu, Deol was signed on for the Hindi version of the film too after Simran also opted out of that role and thus Deol became the only common leading actor between the versions. To prepare for her role, Deol worked on certain pronunciations of Iyer Tamil with Mani Ratnam's assistant Kannan mentoring her progress. It was also reported that actress Nadhiya had signed the film and would make a comeback to films after a ten-year sabbatical but did not eventually form a part of the final cast.

The director initially opted against using songs in the film but wanted to create an album with A. R. Rahman for the project. However, after the songs were recorded, Mani Ratnam had a change of heart and chose to include them. For the art direction in the film, Sabu Cyril studied each character in-depth, giving them a distinct colour, mood, and background to suit their temperament. For Michael's house in the film, Cyril followed the arrangement in his own house and used some of his own photographs for decorations. He also expressed that he had great difficulty in re-creating the streets of Kolkata for the Hindi version of the film in Chennai. G. Ramesh was selected to be the hairdresser for the three lead actors in the film.

The scene filmed at Napier Bridge in Chennai was canned in early December 2003, causing severe traffic and congestion in the area. Mani Ratnam began the Tamil version after Vivek Oberoi suffered an injury during the making of Yuva, giving him time to extract more out his actors in the Tamil version. Production work for the film began in September 2003, with the technical crew who were mostly from the Tamil film industry including the production house were part of the Hindi version and were retained for the Tamil scenes. The Tamil version finished subsequently much earlier than the Hindi version. Some scenes featuring Suriya were also shot at the University of Madras, Mani Ratnam's alma mater.

Release
The film was released on 21 May 2004. The film was dubbed in Telugu as Yuva.

Home media
The satellite rights were sold to Kalaignar TV.

Critical response
Indiaglitz wrote "The movie is certainly worth watching, if not for other features, at least for veering off the contemporary theme, which has heroes and heroines romancing around trees, a couple of tear-jerking scenes and monotonous comedy sequences." Sify wrote "Aayitha Ezhuthu is a bold and daring move by Mani Ratnam to change the staid style of our commercial cinema." Malathi Rangarajan of The Hindu wrote "Every frame of Madras Talkies' "Aayudha Ezhuthu" bears the Mani Ratnam stamp and that's what matters. Tamil cinema is in dire need of more such makers as Mani Ratnam." Visual Dasan of Kalki wrote that the usual exuberance that permeates Mani Ratnam's films is also present in the film, but there is no intensity in the flood; only the murmur of the stream.

title: Aayutha Ezhuthu


text:
Legislation on Chinese Indonesians

Indonesian law affecting Chinese-Indonesians were conducted through a series of laws, directives, or constitutions enacted by the Government of Indonesia that affected the lives of Chinese Indonesians or Chinese nationals living in Indonesia since the nation's independence. The laws were made against Chinese Indonesians. Most of these laws are revoked following during the Reformation era under President Abdurrahman Wahid.

1950
In the early 1950s the Government of Indonesia implemented the Benteng program (fortress program), under which only Native Indonesians (pribumi) were allowed to have licenses to import certain items. This rule gave rise to the term "Ali Baba", referring to illicit co-operation between Chinese businessmen and native Indonesians who had connections in the government bureaucracy.

Presidential Regulation 10 of 1959
Presidential Regulation 10 of 1959 (Peraturan Presiden Nomor 10 tahun 1959) was a law directive issued by Indonesian government and signed by Minister of Trade, Rachmat Mujomisero. The law prohibited foreign nationals from doing retail business in rural areas and required them to transfer their businesses to Indonesian nationals by 1 January 1960 or relocate to urban areas. This directive was approved by President Sukarno. The rule became controversial since its implementation resulting in several people being killed in West Java (also known as racial riot of Cibadak) and triggered a huge exodus of Chinese Indonesians back to China. Although the regulation merely mentioned that only "foreign citizens" were required to do the relocation and closure of business, the law affected many Chinese nationals and Chinese Indonesians. From the 86,690 foreign business retailer listed, about 90 percent of these were Chinese.

Background
Right after the Indonesian Independence in 1945, the Indonesian people were overwhelmed by the euphoria of "freedom" and took over many foreign companies: this action was referred to as "Anti-Dutch sentiment". Among others, one was a Dutch company Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij (KPM), a company serving in sea transportation from Netherlands to Indonesia. Marhaen, a labour group that later on become a political party, took over this company. Other foreign capital seized were oil fields, by the oil labourers claiming themselves as "Laskar Minyak" (The Oil Defenders).

After a while, the Government of Indonesia realised that unskilled and inexperienced Indonesians were unable to run the company. The Indonesians, referred to as Kaum pribumi, also did not have enough capital, and it was almost impossible to compete with foreign investment and the Chinese capital (before independence, the ethnic Chinese had more chances to do business from colonialist ruler). These companies suffer losses after the seizure. As a solution, the Government of Indonesia signed an agreement during Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference in The Hague, the Netherlands, which stated that the government of Indonesia would return all seized foreign investment assets to its previous owner. In return, to strengthen up the weak Indonesians (pribumi), the Government of Indonesia had the right to issue a law or directive to protect the national interest and those who were "economically feeble".

On 19 March 1956, during Indonesian National Importer Congress in Surabaya (Kongres Importir Nasional Indonesia), Asaat Datuk Mudo made an opening oration that the Chinese had become monopolistic in doing their business by closing all possible entry routes for Indonesian nationals to join the trade market. The Chinese as an exclusive group refuse other group to enter, specially in economy. They were so exclusive that in their practice they become monopolistic.

As a closing statement, Assat also added that he believes this was the time to have a special economy initiative to protect Indonesian (pribumi).

Asaat's speech became the beginning of "Asaat movement" or "Pro Indonesian (term used was for Indonesian was Pribumi) movement" and had a huge impact on the following rules favouring it. In November 1959, PP Nomor 10 Tahun 1959 was issued.

In the 1950s, almost all retail stores in Indonesia were owned by Chinese or Chinese-Indonesians, from grocery stores, hardware stores and even restaurants. Alwi Sahab, a Betawi culture expert stated that during his youth in Kwitang, Central Jakarta, the economic centre in Jakarta was fully dependent on the Chinese or Chinese Indonesian businessmen. Well, if you think there are Padang restaurants or other restaurants like now, you really shouldn't; everything was owned by the Chinese back then.

Implementation, protest and counter action
Tempo magazine investigation published in year 2009 mentioned that during the implementation, the law affected 86,690 foreign retailers listed (90 percent Chinese) to about 500,000 were affected. However, Waspada daily in their commemorative anniversary published their story printed in the 1960s during the happening, and it had a different number, according to Waspada daily only about 25,000 small groceries booths by foreign retailers (mainly) Chinese affected by PP No. 10.

The sanctions specified in the directive were only property confiscation (all items had to be given to cooperatives), fines, and forced relocation, but, in practice, there were also some offenders executed (Cimahi and Cibadak, West Java ).

In some places, the law was enforced by the military. The military shot dead two Chinese women, which triggered a riot in Cimahi, Jawa Barat. It was also noted that the Chinese were forced to leave their home and properties. However, while, nationwide, the implementation of this law went smoothly, in some places like Bandung and Medan, there were Chinese merchants trying to stop the implementation of PP 10 by hiding or emptying the stores and piling the goods in warehouses, causing price increases of main food materials. Specially, after another government directive was issued about price adjustments, according to the Attorney General Special Instruction, in some areas, including North Sumatra, Economic Survaillance Teams were formed to watch certain issues in economy such as stabilising prices and making appropriate actions to everyone who withhold the food program implemented by the government. The Economic Surveillance Team in North Sumatra manage to secure 200 warehouses in Medan consisting of food materials, the merchants being punished by imprisonment.

The law was meant to strengthen the national economy in Indonesia, yet this law resulted in a tense diplomatic relation between Republic of Indonesia and the People's Republic of China (PRC). During a meeting between State Minister Subandrio and Chinese Ambassador to Indonesia (Huang Chen) in Jakarta, the PRC insisted that PP No. 10 should be reviewed, and the request was denied. Later on during a parliamentary hearing, State Minister Subandrio restated that there is no element of anti-Chinese related in the implementation of PP No. 10, the law being solely the beginning of nationalisation and socialisation in the Indonesian economy, and as part of the Indonesian revolution movement. On the nationalisation part, PP No. 10 stated that foreign retailers must be closed outside ibukota kabupaten and the merchant had to live only in his property, which was not allowed to conduct any business activities. Foreigners had to close their business at the latest on 1 January 1960 and give all their assets to cooperatives.

The Government of PRC was upset. On 10 December 1959, Peking radio announced a campaign for Chinese citizen to return to "The Warmth of Motherland". The PRC Embassy in Jakarta soon listed all Chinese citizens interested in returning to China. About 199,000 applied, but only 102,000 managed to be placed in a ship sent by the PRC government. The tension between PRC Government and Government of Indonesia reduced after PRC Prime Minister Zhou Enlai met President Sukarno.

Pro and cons
According to Mestika Zed from Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatera, Asaat Datuk Mudo was a real nationalist and always reacted according to facts and reality. The economy of pribumi (Native Indonesian) after independence was weak with no one defending them. Meanwhile, even during Dutch Imperialism, the Chinese always had a better economy than the pribumi. After Indonesian independence, they took over the economy from small, middle, and large scale. Assaat's ideas were later adopted but in a somewhat different form by Tun Abdul Razak and Mahathir Mohamad as the Malaysian economic policy to protect the majority and indigenous ethnic Malay in Malaysia, which was then faced with a similar economic situation. The Malaysian Government do not seize business ownerships and assets of ethnic Chinese Malaysians. Malays were instead encouraged to participate more in economic and business activities of the nation by being given preferential treatment by the government. This involves granting of cheap or generous terms loans as capital to start business. Bids for government projects, contracts, procurement & requisitions were open only to Malay-owned businesses. Malay farmers were given free land, farming equipment & fertilizers and products bought at heavily-subsidized prices.

From a historical perspective, even in the beginning of Indonesian independence, the Chinese were always being suspected because they were divided into three groups: "Pro-Dutch", "Pro-Chinese Government", and "Pro-Indonesian Nationalist Movement". There were also Indonesian Chinese who agreed that it was needed to do an assimilation or pribumization of Indonesian Chinese (also known as the Tionghoa) through religion (Islam and PITI) as Moslem organization. They have given their support and chances to Chinese-Indonesians to prove that they want to become a "good Indonesian citizen". There was also a lot of co-operation between the Chinese and the Indonesians noted during Indonesian national movement. Even some of the prominent Chinese figures were trying hard to make the Chinese-Indonesians return to Indonesia. Yap Thiam Hien, a Chinese-Indonesian lawyer, famous for his Indonesian nationalist idealism, established Baperki (Indonesian Citizenship Discussion Body) in 1954. The organization's purpose was to make Chinese-Indonesians willing to be Indonesian citizens, specially to those that take the Indonesian side, as opposed to the Dutch and the Chinese Government. This body also gave a lot of contribution in proposing the Indonesian Citizenship Law 1958, which was implemented on the beginning of 1960. The discriminative rule also noted as an attempt to maintain politics of divide and conquer.

Leo Suryadinata, a Chinese-Indonesian now teaching in National University of Singapore (NUS), thinks that both fortress rules or PP 10/ 1959 is the beginning of the anti-Chinese movement in Indonesia. According to Suryadinata, during colonialism by the Dutch, the Chinese-Indonesians were mostly small retailers, but after Indonesian independence, their position was strengthened, which is why pribumi think that they cannot compete and would like to take over the power by using the government.

Cabinet Presidium Decision 127 of 1966
Cabinet Presidium Decision 127 of 1966 (Keputusan Presidium Kabinet Nomor 127 Tahun 1966, 127/U/Kep/12/1966) was an Indonesian law passed in 1966 that suggested Indonesian-sounding names to be adopted by Indonesian Chinese. It was considered to be part of the anti-Chinese legislation in Indonesia. The resident Chinese community in Indonesia resented it because it forced them to lose traditional family names. However, some people thwarted the government efforts to some degree by incorporating their Chinese name into their new Indonesian name. For example, the Chinese family name "Tan" was easily embedded in the Indonesian name "Sutanto".

Presidential Decision 240 of 1967
Presidential Decision 240 of 1967 (Keputusan Presiden Nomor 240 Tahun 1967, Keppres No. 240/1867) mandated assimilation of "foreigners" and supported a previous directive, 127/U/Kep/12/1966, for Indonesian Chinese to adopt Indonesian-sounding names.

Presidential Instruction 14 of 1967
Presidential Instruction No. 14/1967 (Inpress No. 14/1967) on Chinese Religion, Beliefs, and Traditions effectively banned any Chinese literature and cultures in Indonesia, including the prohibition of Chinese characters. Although Chinese names were not explicitly mentioned, "newly naturalized" Indonesian Chinese were strongly advised to adopt non-Chinese names. (Annulled by former president Abdurrahman Wahid in Keppres No. 6/2000; annulment supported by former president Megawati Sukarnoputri in Keppres No 19/2002 by declaring Chinese New Year as national holiday.)

1967
Laws affecting Chinese Indonesians proliferated under the New Order regime under former President Suharto's reign. Suharto was a strong advocate for Chinese assimilation rather than integration. As part of 1967's 'Basic Policy for the Solution of the Chinese Problem' and other measures, only one Chinese-language newspaper was allowed to continue, all Chinese religious expressions had to be confined to their homes, Chinese-language schools were phased out, Chinese script in public places was banned, and Chinese were pushed to take on Indonesian-sounding names. Most of this legislation were revoked following Suharto's fall from power in 1998.

Ampera Cabinet Presidium Circular 6 of 1967
Ampera Cabinet Presidium Circular 6 of 1967 (Surat Edaran Presidium Kabinet Ampera Nomor SE-06/Pres.Kab/6/1967) was released on 28 June 1967. One of the points of contention is the selection of a proper term to describe Indonesian residents of Chinese descent. Accompanying explanatory text to Article 26 of the 1945 Constitution used the term Tionghoa to describe this group. In 1948, the Communist Party of Indonesia began using Tionghoa in its terminology, prompting the beginning of an unofficial ban on its use. By 1967, a cabinet circular enforced the use of the term Cina over Tionghoa and Tiongkok.

Other examples

 * Cabinet Presidium Instruction No. 37/U/IN/6/1967, prohibiting further residency or work permits to new Chinese immigrants, their wives, or children; freezing any capital raised by "foreigners" in Indonesia; closure of "foreign" schools except for diplomatic corps and their families; requiring the number of Indonesian students to be the majority and in proportion to "foreigners" in any state schools; and making implementation of the "Chinese issue" be the responsibility of the minister for political affairs.
 * Resolution of the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly No. 32, 1966 (TAP MPRS No. 32/1966), effectively banning the use of Chinese characters in newspapers and magazines.
 * Home Affairs Ministry No. 455.2-360/1988 on Regulation of Temples, effectively and severely restricting building or repairing Chinese temples.
 * Circular of the Director General for Press and Graphics Guidance in the Ministry of Information No. 02/SE/Ditjen-PPGK/1988, further restricting the usage of Chinese language and/or characters.
 * Instruction of the Ministry of Home Affairs No. X01/1977 on Implementing Instructions for Population Registration and the confidential instructions No.3.462/1.755.6 of the Jakarta government 28 January 1980, both authorising special codes in national identification cards to indicate ethnic Chinese origin, the code being A01
 * Cabinet Presidium Circular SE-06/Pres-Kab/6/1967 on Changing the Term China and Chinese, requiring the usage of the term "Cina" (considered a derogatory term by many Chinese Indonesians) instead of "Tionghoa" or "Tiongkok" (used by ethnic Chinese themselves).
 * the status of Confucianism as one of Indonesia's six official religions was revoked. In 1978, the Minister of Home Affairs issued a directive that there were only five religions, excluding Confucianism. On 27 January 1979, a presidential cabinet meeting took place and it firmly decided that Confucianism was not a religion. Another directive from Minister of Home Affairs was issued in 1990 re-iterating about there being only five official religions in Indonesia.

Anomalies and exceptions
There are exceptions to laws and regulations that ban the use of Mandarin. The use of Mandarin in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, for example, is not prohibited, since legal proceedings related to this case have been suspended after lobbying made to the Attorney General (Jaksa Agung) of Indonesia by INI (Ikatan Naturopatis Indonesia).

Current practice
During his tenure as president, Abdurrahman Wahid ended restrictions on Chinese culture and language, and made Chinese New Year a national holiday, but the repercussions of the discrimination then are still felt today and Indonesian Chinese are still discriminated in some regions.

title: Legislation on Chinese Indonesians


text:
Foundry

A foundry is a factory that produces metal castings. Metals are cast into shapes by melting them into a liquid, pouring the metal into a mold, and removing the mold material after the metal has solidified as it cools. The most common metals processed are aluminum and cast iron. However, other metals, such as bronze, brass, steel, magnesium, and zinc, are also used to produce castings in foundries. In this process, parts of desired shapes and sizes can be formed.

Foundries are one of the largest contributors to the manufacturing recycling movement, melting and recasting millions of tons of scrap metal every year to create new durable goods. Moreover, many foundries use sand in their molding process. These foundries often use, recondition, and reuse sand, which is another form of recycling.

Process
In metalworking, casting involves pouring liquid metal into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowing it to cool and solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process. Casting is most often used for making complex shapes that would be difficult or uneconomical to make by other methods.

Melting
Melting is performed in a furnace. Virgin material, external scrap, internal scrap, and alloying elements are used to charge the furnace. Virgin material refers to commercially pure forms of the primary metal used to form a particular alloy. Alloying elements are either pure forms of an alloying element, like electrolytic nickel, or alloys of limited composition, such as ferroalloys or master alloys. External scrap is material from other forming processes such as punching, forging, or machining. Internal scrap consists of gates, risers, defective castings, and other extraneous metal oddments produced within the facility.

The process includes melting the charge, refining the melt, adjusting the melt chemistry and tapping into a transport vessel. Refining is done to remove harmful gases and elements from the molten metal to avoid casting defects. Material is added during the melting process to bring the final chemistry within a specific range specified by industry and/or internal standards. Certain fluxes may be used to separate the metal from slag and/or dross and degassers are used to remove dissolved gas from metals that readily dissolve in gasses. During the tap, final chemistry adjustments are made.

Furnace
Several specialised furnaces are used to heat the metal. Furnaces are refractory-lined vessels that contain the material to be melted and provide the energy to melt it. Modern furnace types include electric arc furnaces (EAF), induction furnaces, cupolas, reverberatory, and crucible furnaces. Furnace choice is dependent on the alloy system quantities produced. For ferrous materials EAFs, cupolas, and induction furnaces are commonly used. Reverberatory and crucible furnaces are common for producing aluminium, bronze, and brass castings.

Furnace design is a complex process, and the design can be optimized based on multiple factors. Furnaces in foundries can be any size, ranging from small ones used to melt precious metals to furnaces weighing several tons, designed to melt hundreds of pounds of scrap at one time. They are designed according to the type of metals that are to be melted. Furnaces must also be designed based on the fuel being used to produce the desired temperature. For low temperature melting point alloys, such as zinc or tin, melting furnaces may reach around 500 C. Electricity, propane, or natural gas are usually used to achieve these temperatures. For high melting point alloys such as steel or nickel-based alloys, the furnace must be designed for temperatures over 1600 C. The fuel used to reach these high temperatures can be electricity (as employed in electric arc furnaces) or coke. The majority of foundries specialize in a particular metal and have furnaces dedicated to these metals. For example, an iron foundry (for cast iron) may use a cupola, induction furnace, or EAF, while a steel foundry will use an EAF or induction furnace. Bronze or brass foundries use crucible furnaces or induction furnaces. Most aluminium foundries use either electric resistance or gas heated crucible furnaces or reverberatory furnaces.

Degassing
Degassing is a process that may be required to reduce the amount of hydrogen present in a batch of molten metal. Gases can form in metal castings in one of two ways: Hydrogen is a common contaminant for most cast metals. It forms as a result of material reactions or from water vapor or machine lubricants. If the hydrogen concentration in the melt is too high, the resulting casting will be porous; the hydrogen will exit the molten solution, leaving minuscule air pockets, as the metal cools and solidifies. Porosity often seriously deteriorates the mechanical properties of the metal.
 * 1) by physical entrapment during the casting process or
 * 2) by chemical reaction in the cast material.

An efficient way of removing hydrogen from the melt is to bubble a dry, insoluble gas through the melt by purging or agitation. When the bubbles go up in the melt, they catch the dissolved hydrogen and bring it to the surface. Chlorine, nitrogen, helium and argon are often used to degas non-ferrous metals. Carbon monoxide is typically used for iron and steel.

There are various types of equipment that can measure the presence of hydrogen. Alternatively, the presence of hydrogen can be measured by determining the density of a metal sample.

In cases where porosity still remains present after the degassing process, porosity sealing can be accomplished through a process called metal impregnating.

Mold making
In the casting process, a pattern is made in the shape of the desired part. Simple designs can be made in a single piece or solid pattern. More complex designs are made in two parts, called split patterns. A split pattern has a top or upper section, called a cope, and a bottom or lower section called a drag. Both solid and split patterns can have cores inserted to complete the final part shape. Cores are used to create hollow areas in the mold that would otherwise be impossible to achieve. Where the cope and drag separates is called the parting line.

When making a pattern it is best to taper the edges so that the pattern can be removed without breaking the mold. This is called draft. The opposite of draft is an undercut where there is part of the pattern under the mold material, making it impossible to remove the pattern without damaging the mold.

The pattern is made of wax, wood, plastic, or metal. The molds are constructed by several different processes dependent upon the type of foundry, metal to be poured, quantity of parts to be produced, size of the casting, and complexity of the casting. These mold processes include:
 * Sand casting – Green or resin bonded sand mold.
 * Lost-foam casting – Polystyrene pattern with a mixture of ceramic and sand mold.
 * Investment casting – Wax or similar sacrificial pattern with a ceramic mold.
 * Ceramic mold casting – Plaster mold.
 * V-process casting – Vacuum with thermoformed plastic to form sand molds. No moisture, clay or resin required.
 * Die casting – Metal mold.
 * Billet (ingot) casting – Simple mold for producing ingots of metal, normally for use in other foundries.
 * Loam molding – a built up mold used for casting large objects, such as cannon, steam engine cylinders, and bells.

Pouring
In a foundry, molten metal is poured into molds. Pouring can be accomplished with gravity, or it may be assisted with a vacuum or pressurized gas. Many modern foundries use robots or automatic pouring machines to pour molten metal. Traditionally, molds were poured by hand using ladles.

Shakeout
The solidified metal component is then removed from its mold. Where the mold is sand based, this can be done by shaking or tumbling. This frees the casting from the sand, which is still attached to the metal runners and gates — which are the channels through which the molten metal traveled to reach the component itself.

Degating
Degating is the removal of the heads, runners, gates, and risers from the casting. Runners, gates, and risers may be removed using cutting torches, bandsaws, or ceramic cutoff blades. For some metal types, and with some gating system designs, the sprue, runners, and gates can be removed by breaking them away from the casting with a sledge hammer or specially designed knockout machinery. Risers must usually be removed using a cutting method (see above) but some newer methods of riser removal use knockoff machinery with special designs incorporated into the riser neck geometry that allow the riser to break off at the right place.

The gating system required to produce castings in a mold yields leftover metal — including heads, risers, and sprue (sometimes collectively called sprue) — that can exceed 50% of the metal required to pour a full mold. Since this metal must be remelted as salvage, the yield of a particular gating configuration becomes an important economic consideration when designing various gating schemes, to minimize the cost of excess sprue, and thus overall melting costs.

Heat treating
Heat treating is a group of industrial and metalworking processes used to alter the physical, and sometimes chemical, properties of a material. The most common application is metallurgical. Heat treatments are also used in the manufacture of many other materials, such as glass. Heat treatment involves the use of heating or chilling, normally to extreme temperatures, to achieve a desired result such as hardening or softening of a material. Heat treatment techniques include annealing, case-hardening, precipitation strengthening, tempering, and quenching. Although the term "heat treatment" applies only to processes where the heating and cooling are done for the specific purpose of altering properties intentionally, heating and cooling often occur incidentally during other manufacturing processes such as hot forming or welding.

Surface cleaning
After degating and heat treating, sand or other molding media may remain adhered to the casting. To remove any mold remnants, the surface is cleaned using a blasting process. This means a granular media will be propelled against the surface of the casting to mechanically knock away the adhering sand. The media may be blown with compressed air, or may be hurled using a shot wheel. The cleaning media strikes the casting surface at high velocity to dislodge the mold remnants (for example, sand, slag) from the casting surface. Numerous materials may be used to clean cast surfaces, including steel, iron, other metal alloys, aluminium oxides, glass beads, walnut shells, baking powder, and many others. The blasting media is selected to develop the color and reflectance of the cast surface. Terms used to describe this process include cleaning, bead blasting, and sand blasting. Shot peening may be used to further work-harden and finish the surface.

Finishing
The final step in the process of casting usually involves grinding, sanding, or machining the component in order to achieve the desired dimensional accuracies, physical shape, and surface finish.

Removing the remaining gate material, called a gate stub, is usually done using a grinder or sander. These processes are used because their material removal rates are slow enough to control the amount of material being removed. These steps are done prior to any final machining.

After grinding, any surfaces that require tight dimensional control are machined. Many castings are machined in CNC milling centers. The reason for this is that these processes have better dimensional capability and repeatability than many casting processes. However, it is not uncommon today for castings to be used without machining.

A few foundries provide other services before shipping cast products to their customers. It is common to paint castings to prevent corrosion and improve visual appeal. Some foundries assemble castings into complete machines or sub-assemblies. Other foundries weld multiple castings or wrought metals together to form a finished product.

More and more, finishing processes are being performed by robotic machines, which eliminate the need for a human to physically grind or break parting lines, gating material, or feeders. Machines can reduce risk of injury to workers and lower costs for consumables — while also increasing productivity. They also limit the potential for human error and increase repeatability in the quality of grinding.

Casting process simulation
Casting processes simulation uses numerical methods to calculate cast component quality considering mold filling, solidification and cooling, and provides a quantitative prediction of casting mechanical properties, thermal stresses and distortion. Simulation accurately describes a cast component's quality up-front before production starts. The casting rigging can be designed with respect to the required component properties. This has benefits beyond a reduction in pre-production sampling, as the precise layout of the complete casting system also leads to energy, material, and tooling savings.

The software supports the user in component design, the determination of melting practice and casting methoding through to pattern and mold making, heat treatment, and finishing. This saves costs along the entire casting manufacturing route.

Casting process simulation was initially developed at universities starting from the early '70s, mainly in Europe and in the U.S., and is regarded as the most important innovation in casting technology over the last 50 years. Since the late '80s, commercial programs (such as PoligonSoft, AutoCAST and Magma) are available which make it possible for foundries to gain new insight into what is happening inside the mold or die during the casting process.

title: Foundry


text:
User:Zeno of Elea/monobook.js

//OFF // User:Lupin/popups.js - please include this line

//document.write(' ');

title: User:Zeno of Elea/monobook.js


text:
User talk:Hypestyle

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Viriditas | Talk 09:43, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Hypestyle


text:
Mars-la-Tour

Mars-la-Tour is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in northeastern France.

History
The Battle of Mars-la-Tour was fought on 16 August 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War near the town of Mars-la-Tour.

The railway line between Longuyon and Pogny reached Mars-la-Tour in 1876, at which time a small train station was built. On August 30, 1919, the station witnessed a small accident when a freight train collided with a train full of coal, killing one train's conductor. The station no longer exists, however.

title: Mars-la-Tour


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nevermas

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 07:16, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Nevermas
Non-notable band, very few Google results. WindFish 09:49, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, band is not (yet) notable (it may one day become so). If not, it should be tagged as needing a clean-up as it is unpresentable. Cdyson37 | (Talk) 09:52, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable at this time. Thue | talk 09:59, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, "will debut", no albums, no tours, no label, fails WP:MUSIC. Mallocks 16:52, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, fails WP:MUSIC. --Isotope23 20:26, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

DO NOT DELETE!!!! THIS PAGE IS SUITABLE FOR WIKIPEDIA BECAUSE OTHER MEMBERS HAVE PUT UP NONSENSE ABOUT THEIR LIVES AND WHAT THEY DO... AND I QUOTE "Why I'm Here I joined Wikipedia to inject a healthy dose of skepticism and critical thinking where it is needed. I also spend time cleaning up vandalism, jumping into the AfD fray, making grammar/spelling corrections, and rewriting article to conform to Standards or to achieve NPOV." THIS WAS FOUND ON "Isotope23" USER LOOKUP. USER:SIMON_771 15:10, 13 October (UTC)
 * Yeah... I'm always spamming useless crap about myself on my own user page. I should be banned.--Isotope23 16:36, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Matt McKenzie

Matt McKenzie is an actor best known for his voicework in games and movies. He is the voice of Auron in the RPG games Final Fantasy X, Final Fantasy X-2, and Kingdom Hearts II. He also provided the English voice of Borgoff in the movie Vampire Hunter D: Bloodlust, Ptolemy in Reign: The Conqueror, and Major Elliot in the animated movie Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within. McKenzie has also guest starred in some well-known movies (Gods and Monsters with Sir Ian McKellen, in which he portrayed Colin Clive) and TV shows such as Star Trek: Voyager, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, JAG, 7th Heaven, That '70s Show, The O.C. and recently 24 as Agent Hollister. He also had a cameo role in Clint Eastwood's The Rookie as Inspector Wang. He appeared in an episode of House M.D. as Doctor Fedler, where he talks briefly with Robert Chase about The Beatles. He appeared on two episodes of AMC's Mad Men as Crab Colson. Most notably, he voiced Agent Smith and various Agents in The Animatrix.

McKenzie is often typecast as grumpy or serious due to his somewhat "gruff" voice. He appeared in theater productions performed in the Pacific Resident Theatre, the Old Globe Theatre and the Notre Dame Theatre. Some of his highlight shows have been Anna Christie, Scotland Road, Barbarians, and An Ideal Wife.

title: Matt McKenzie


text:
Isaac Saba Raffoul

Isaac Saba Raffoul (October 17, 1923 – July 27, 2008) was a Mexican businessman of Syrian Jewish descent; his father emigrated from Aleppo, Syria to Veracruz, Mexico where he started a rag business which the family built on. Isaac Saba Raffoul was one of the wealthiest persons in the world according to Forbes magazine, with a net worth of $2.1 billion. He had been married to wife Rebecca for over 40 years and had three sons: Moises, Manuel and Alberto.

He was the president of Grupo Xtra and chairman of Casa Saba. There has been a controversy surrounding him since he teamed up with General Electric Mexico to open up a new nationwide television channel. TV Azteca and Televisa, upon hearing this, accused him of monopolizing medicine prices in an attempt to discredit him. According to El Financiero, there is no such monopoly. After his death in 2008, his two youngest sons Alberto and Manuel inherited the ownership of the company.

title: Isaac Saba Raffoul


text:
Candi Staton

Canzetta Maria "Candi" Staton (born March 13, 1940)  is an American singer–songwriter, best known in the United States for her 1970 cover of Tammy Wynette's "Stand by Your Man" and her 1976 disco chart-topper "Young Hearts Run Free". In Europe, Staton's biggest selling record is the anthemic "You Got the Love" from 1986, released in collaboration with The Source. Staton was inducted into the Christian Music Hall of Fame and is a four-time Grammy Award nominee.

Early life and career
Born in Hanceville, Alabama, Staton and her sister Maggie were sent to Nashville, Tennessee at around age 11 or 12 for school. While attending Jewell Christian Academy, Staton's vocal abilities were soon noticed by her peers and the school's pastor. Amazed by her voice, the pastor paired Staton and her sister with a third girl, Naomi Harrison, and they formed the Jewell Gospel Trio. As teenagers, the group toured the traditional gospel circuit during the 1950s with the Soul Stirrers, C. L. Franklin and Mahalia Jackson. They recorded several sides for Nashboro, Apollo and Savoy Records between 1953 and 1963.

Solo career
In 1968, Staton was introduced to Rick Hall by Clarence Carter and launched her solo career as a Southern soul stylist, garnering 16 R&B hits for Rick Hall's FAME Studios and gaining the title of "First Lady of Southern Soul" for her Grammy-nominated R&B renditions of the songs "Stand by Your Man" and "In the Ghetto". Staton appeared on the September 23, 1972, edition (Season 2, Episode 1) of Soul Train.

In 1976, Staton began collaborating with producer David Crawford on disco songs such as "Young Hearts Run Free", which reached No. 1 on the US R&B charts, No. 2 in the UK Singles Chart and went Top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 during the summer of 1976. It was remixed and re-released in 1986, reaching the UK Top 50. Follow up song "Destiny" hit the Top 50 in the UK. and her version of "Nights on Broadway" hit the UK Top 10 in 1977;. In 1978, Staton scored another Top 50 hit in the UK with "Honest I Do Love You". In 1979 from her album Chance, Staton released the single "When You Wake Up Tomorrow" (co-written by Patrick Adams and Wayne K. Garfield) and the title song "Chance", a top 20 R&B charted record. Other dance club chart hits included "When You Wake Up Tomorrow" and "Victim". In 1982, Staton again hit the UK chart with a version of Mark James's "Suspicious Minds".

In 1982, Staton returned to gospel music. Staton and her then-husband, John Sussewell, founded Beracah Ministries in Atlanta, Georgia, with help from Jim and Tammy Faye Bakker's PTL Ministries. Staton has since recorded twelve gospel albums, two of which received Grammy Award nominations. Staton appears on the United Nations Register of Entertainers, Actors And Others Who Have Performed in Apartheid South Africa.

Later
In 1991, Staton returned to UK popular charts by lending her vocals to The Source's British hit "You Got the Love". Staton signed with Intersound Records in 1995. In 2000, she released her eleventh album, Here's a Blessing. In 2004, the British record label Honest Jon's released a compilation album of her soul work from the late 1960s and early 1970s, the self-titled Candi Staton. Staton followed it up with a secular project in 2006 entitled His Hands, produced by Mark Nevers of Lambchop and with the title track written by Will Oldham. Two of Staton's children, Cassandra Williams-Hightower (background vocals) and Marcus Williams (drums), joined her on the album. A second studio album for Honest Jon's, titled Who's Hurting Now?, appeared in 2009. She and Rick Hall reunited to make a half dozen more tracks for Staton's 2014 southern soul album, Life Happens. The lead Americana radio single, "I Ain't Easy to Love", featured Jason Isbell and John Paul White (formerly of The Civil Wars). The trio performed the track on Late Show with David Letterman. Staton's television show New Direction aired on TBN.

Staton has also made appearances on the Praise the Lord telecast with the late Paul Crouch and his late wife Jan Crouch, as well as regularly performing on Robert Tilton's Success-N-Life show. In August 2018, Staton released her 30th album, Unstoppable, which has been touted as a retro psychedelic R&B project. NPR music journalist, Alison Fensterstock, wrote that it, "Delivers the kind of forthright confidence and soul-girding power that can only be summoned by a grown woman who has learned a thing or two. And Staton has lived many lives. Creatively, the quadruple Grammy nominee and Christian Music Hall of Famer has moved between soul and R&B, gospel, disco and even EDM before returning to her roots as an elder stateswoman."

Personal life
Staton has been married six times and has five children. She was first married to Pentecostal minister, Joe Williams, from 1960 until 1968. Together they had four children: Marcus Williams, Marcel Williams, Terry Williams and Cassandra Williams-Hightower. In 1970, Staton married singer Clarence Carter and together they had one child, Clarence Carter Jr. They divorced in 1973. Staton was married to Jimmy James, her then manager, from 1974 until 1977. Two years after divorcing James, Staton married John Sussewell, who was a drummer for Ashford & Simpson and also on Dory Previn's sixth album We're Children of Coincidence and Harpo Marx in 1980. They divorced in 1998 after 18 years of marriage. From 2010 until 2012, Staton was married to former baseball player Otis Nixon. She has been married to Henry Hooper since 2017.

On October 30, 2018, Staton announced that she had been diagnosed with breast cancer. She lives in Atlanta, Georgia.

Studio albums

 * I'm Just a Prisoner (1970)
 * Stand By Your Man (1971)
 * Candi Staton (1972)
 * Candi (1974)
 * Young Hearts Run Free (1976) UK No. 34
 * Music Speaks Louder Than Words (1977)
 * House of Love (1978)
 * Chance (1979)
 * Candi Staton (1980)
 * Nightlites (1982)
 * Make Me an Instrument (1983)
 * The Anointing (1985)
 * Sing a Song (1986)
 * Love Lifted Me (1988)
 * Stand Up and Be a Witness (1990)
 * Standing on the Promises (1991)
 * I Give You Praise (1993)
 * It's Time! (1995)
 * Cover Me (1997)
 * Outside In (1999)
 * Here's a Blessing (2000)
 * Christmas in My Heart (2000)
 * Glorify (2001)
 * Proverbs 31 Woman (2002)
 * His Hands (2006)
 * I Will Sing My Praise to You (2008)
 * Who's Hurting Now? (2009)
 * Life Happens (2014)
 * It's Time to Be Free (2016)
 * Unstoppable (2018)

Compilations

 * The Best of Candi Staton (1995 Warner Archives) Originals (not re-recorded)
 * The Ultimate Gospel Collection (2006)
 * Evidence: The Complete Fame Records Masters (2011) – For the first time ever all 48 of the tracks she made for Rick Hall's label between 1969 and 1974 are together in one place. 22 have never been on CD before and 12 are previously unreleased.

Singles (non comprehensive)

 * "I'd Rather Be an Old Man's Sweetheart (Than a Young Man's Fool)" (1969) R&B No. 9 US No. 46, CAN No. 51
 * "I'm Just a Prisoner (Of Your Good Lovin')" (1969) R&B No. 13 US No. 56, CAN No. 74
 * "Sweet Feeling" (1970) R&B No. 5 US No. 60, CAN No. 78
 * "Stand by Your Man" (1970) R&B No. 4 US No. 24, CAN No. 22
 * "He Called Me Baby" (1971) R&B No. 9 US No. 52, CAN No. 67
 * "In the Ghetto" (1972) R&B No. 12 US No. 48
 * "Do It in the Name of Love" (1973) R&B No. 17 US No. 80
 * "As Long as He Takes Care of Home" (1974) R&B No. 6 US No. 51, CAN No. 56
 * "Young Hearts Run Free" (1976) US No. 20 UK No. 2 R&B No. 1 (1986 re-release No. 47, 1999 re-release #29) CAN No. 21
 * "Destiny" (1976) UK No. 41
 * "Nights on Broadway" (1977) UK No. 6 R&B No. 16 US No. 102
 * "Honest I Do Love You" (1978) UK No. 48 R&B No. 77
 * "Victim" (1978) R&B No. 17
 * "When You Wake Up Tomorrow" (1979) R&B No. 13
 * "Suspicious Minds" (1982) UK No. 31
 * "You Got the Love" (1986) UK No. 95 R&B No. 88
 * "You Got the Love" (The Source featuring Candi Staton – 1991) UK No. 4 (1997 re-release UK No. 3 (Now Voyager Mix), 2005 import release UK No. 60, 2006 "You Got the Love (New Voyager Mix)" (featuring Candi Staton – re-release) No. 7 UK)
 * "Love On Love" (1999) UK No. 27
 * "Young Hearts Run Free" (re-recording) (1999) UK No. 29
 * "I Just Can't Get to Sleep at All" (2000) Energise Records, UK; limited release
 * "Love Sweet Sound" Groove Armada featuring Candi Staton (2007) UK No. 77
 * "Wilder Side" Rasmus Faber & Alf Tumble featuring Candi Staton (2010)
 * "Hallelujah Anyway" (2012)
 * "It's Your Season (B.W.Ø Remix)" (2016)

title: Candi Staton


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Jewish engineers

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete -- (drini's page| ☎ ) 20:20, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

List of Jewish engineers
Do we need this? It's just as useless as a list of catholic engineers would be...and just as impossible to complete! bjelleklang 09:50, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete for sure. Partly per nom and partly per implication in general. Why do we need a list of Jews in a particular, generic occupation? Do I need to explain why I find this creepy? Marskell 00:57, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom. What the heck is with these lists? --Qirex 01:02, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Marskell. Ryan Norton T 01:15, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete like all the other lists. Graham/pianoman87 talk 06:23, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, useful sublist of List of Jews. Kappa 13:20, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This afd nomination was orphaned. Listing now.  No opinion. —Cryptic (talk) 15:39, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per nom. Listcruft.--Isotope23 16:58, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as completely idiosyncratic non-topic. Dpbsmith (talk) 22:39, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete what's next, List of Jewish superheroes? Oh, wait...  Grue   16:26, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:Substructural logic

title: Category:Substructural logic


text:
Foundry (disambiguation)

A foundry is a factory that produces metal castings.

Foundry or The Foundry may also refer to:

Manufacturing

 * Type foundry, a type of company that produces and/or distributes typefaces
 * Semiconductor fabrication plant, a factory where semiconductor devices are manufactured using the Foundry model

Other

 * The Foundery (or Foundry), an 18th-century Methodist chapel London established by John Wesley
 * The Foundry (United States region), the industrial core of North America as identified by Joel Garreau
 * The Foundry, a U.S. organization identified as a white nationalist hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center
 * The Foundry Visionmongers, a London-based VFX software company
 * The Foundry, East Quay, Peel, Isle of Man, one of Isle of Man's Registered Buildings
 * Foundry (bar), a bar in Shoreditch
 * Foundry Networks, a U.S. Ethernet switch and router manufacturer
 * "The Foundry" (Supernatural), an episode of the television series Supernatural
 * Foundry (band), an American hard rock band from Las Vegas
 * Wargames Foundry, a games company created by Bryan Ansell
 * Foundry, a network of mental health resource centres in British Columbia
 * Foundry, a fictional planet in the Star Wars franchise
 * Foundry, a wholly-owned subsidiary of International Data Group
 * Foundry, a cryptocurrency mining services company owned by Digital Currency Group

title: Foundry (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Kazimierz Adjukiewicz

Links
Nothing from the main namespace links here, could somebody who understands the issue please link to him from the Lambda calculus page and any other appropriate pages. Thanks Cdyson37 | (Talk) 09:54, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Typo in the title - now redirects to an existing page. Charles Matthews 10:01, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kazimierz Adjukiewicz