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Smallville season 1

The first season of Smallville, an American television series developed by Alfred Gough and Miles Millar, began airing on October 16, 2001, on The WB television network. The series recounts the early adventures of Kryptonian Clark Kent as he adjusts to his developing superpowers in the fictional town of Smallville, Kansas, during the years before he becomes Superman. The first season comprises 21 episodes and concluded its initial airing on May 21, 2002. Regular cast members during season one include Tom Welling, Kristin Kreuk, Michael Rosenbaum, Eric Johnson, Sam Jones III, Allison Mack, Annette O'Toole, and John Schneider.

The season's stories focus on Martha and Jonathan Kent's (O'Toole and Schneider) attempts to help their adopted son Clark (Welling) cope with his alien origin and control his developing superhuman abilities. Clark must deal with the meteor-infected individuals that begin appearing in Smallville, his love for Lana Lang (Kreuk), and not being able to tell his two best friends, Pete Ross (Jones III) and Chloe Sullivan (Mack), about his abilities or his origins. Clark also befriends Lex Luthor (Rosenbaum) after saving Lex's life. The season also follows Lex, as he tries to assert his independence from his father, Lionel Luthor (John Glover).

The episodes were filmed primarily in Vancouver and post-production work took place in Los Angeles. Gough and Millar assisted the writing staff with week-to-week story development. "Villain of the week" storylines were predominant during the first season; physical effects, make-up effects, and computer generated imagery became important components as well. Limited filming schedules sometimes forced guest actors to perform physical stunts, and the series regulars were more than willing to do stunt work. Episode budgets ultimately became strictly regulated, as the show frequently ran over budget during the first half of the season. The pilot broke The WB's viewership record for a debut series, and was nominated for various awards. Although the villain of the week storylines became a concern for producers, critical reception was generally favorable, and the series was noted as having a promising start. The first season was released on DVD on September 23, 2003, and included various special features that focused on individual episodes and the series as a whole. It has also been released on home media in regions 2 and 4 in the international markets.

Writing
Ground rules for story development were established at the outset. Part of the marketing pitch, "no flights, no tights" dictated that Clark would not wear the Superman costume, nor would he fly. After initial discussion of possible storylines, a second rule decreed that Clark could never directly kill anyone. This created a dilemma since Clark must be able to defeat the "bad guys" from week to week. A solution developed in later episodes with the introduction of the Belle Reve sanitarium (Belle Reve is a Federal prison for metahumans and other supervillains in the comics).

After setting the ground rules, Gough and Millar conceived ideas that facilitated week-to-week story development. For example, kryptonite's role was expanded to include enhancement of the sins of the antagonist: instead of creating physical monsters, exposure to kryptonite would amplify their personal demons. This was not treated as literally in the pilot and "Metamorphosis" as it was in later episodes. In "Cool", it was "the 'cool' kid literally [becoming] cool, needing human body heat to stay alive". After several episodes, the writers developed a story that would help establish the show as more than a "villain of the week" series. The ninth episode ("Rogue"), which took longer than usual to develop due to its divergence from the standard formula, became their first "true crime story" and demonstrated that Smallville could include more than kryptonite-powered villains.

"What if" episodes were another Millar-Gough concept used to generate first season storylines. These episodes posed underlying questions about Clark. Episodes would evolve from basic questions, including: "what if someone had a crush on Lana, and acted on that obsession"; "what if someone found out Clark's secret"; "what if someone else had Clark's powers?" These three questions developed into the episodes "Metamorphosis", "Rogue", and "Leech", respectively. "Stray", episode 16, answered the question, "what if Clark had been adopted by the wrong parents and his powers were exploited?" "X-Ray" director Mark Verheiden and the rest of the crew realized divergent, unrelated storylines were not the best way to create episodes for Smallville. Verheiden believes "X-Ray" was the first episode that managed to bring all the side-stories together so that they affected characters other than Clark and Lana.

"Hourglass" was one of the stories included in Millar and Gough's initial pitch to the network (at the time it was referred to as "Cassandra"). "Hourglass" was the first episode to present two, distinct stories: the vengeful serial killer and the second sighted Cassandra. Two significant storylines in the same episode forced the writers to spend more time developing the episode. Cassandra's "visceral vision" (as it was referred to in the script) of Lex's future was developed into color storyboards to better illustrate to the filmmakers the "blood rain" described in the text.

When the filmmakers were dissatisfied with the initial drafts of episodes, specifically with the evolution of characters, they would rewrite events, or add scenes to re-establish the original vision. The character of Earl Jenkins (Tony Todd), intended to be a sympathetic villain, came across as "completely unlikable" in the original draft of "Jitters". The character suffers from over-exposure to kryptonite, causing massive seizures; if Jenkins happened to grab someone, they could be shaken to death. Originally, the character is first seen banging on the door of LuthorCorp and killing a security guard during one of his seizures. To present a more favorable aspect to the audience, a scene in which Earl visits his infant child was added to show that he was not a "raving maniac". Similar rewrites occurred with the characters Ryan James (Ryan Kelley) in "Stray" and Tyler Randall (Reynaldo Rosales) in "Reaper". In the original draft of "Stray", Ryan developed his telepathic abilities from exposure to kryptonite; to emphasize the show was not always about kryptonite-infected villains, the story was revised so that Ryan had his ability from birth. The network also expressed dissatisfaction with Ryan as a murderer, so the character was rewritten to be the "nice kid". The character of Tyler Randall shared Earl Jenkins's issue: he was not sympathetic enough in the filmmakers' eyes; intended to be an escaped prisoner, he was rewritten to be "the world's deadliest nice guy".

Filming
Production was set up in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, because the creators were looking for a "Middle America landscape", and Vancouver was a good substitute for Kansas. David Nutter, the director of the pilot, was given 16 days for main unit filming, twice that of the normal timeframe. Despite the extended schedule, it was still a short amount of time, and he shot the pilot primarily from storyboards created by Adrien Van Viersen.

Millar developed most of the look for Smallville with the idea that Smallville should be the epitome of "Smalltown, USA". Millar's design required existing buildings to be painted, built, and remodeled. The Kent farm is the home of the Andalini family, and their barn was used for the pilot before a new barn was built. The new barn was one of the major additions to the sets of the episode "Metamorphosis". Production designer Doug Higgins and his crew built a fully functioning, three-story barn for the Kent farm on a converted soundstage in Burnaby. For the pilot, the crew built only a loft, with a set of stairs leading up to it, inside the existing barn on the Andalinis' property. To resemble the Andalinis' barn as closely as possible, Higgins had his crew locate 100-year-old wood to match the look of the Andalinis' barn. The episode "Hourglass" called for several scenes to take place at the White House. Instead of building their own set, the Smallville producers called John Wells, producer of the political drama television series The West Wing, and obtained permission to use the West Wing set to film the vision of Lex's future. When the Smallville crew was not filming on one of the constructed sets, or on a sound stage, they were shooting on location at the surrounding Vancouver sites. During the filming of "Metamorphosis", Vancouver was holding a farmers' market, which proved beneficial to the Smallville crew, as "Metamorphosis" called for a similar event to take place in the episode. The market was on the verge of ending, so the filmmakers shot what wide-angle scenes they could at the time, and filmed a close up conversation between Whitney and Clark at the Andalini's farm, weeks after the initial market shooting. Other filming locations include Vancouver's Pacific National Exhibition and Burnaby's Swangard Stadium. The Pacific National Exhibit provided a storage silo for a scene in "Hourglass", which involved Harry Bollston (Eric Christian Olsen) attacking Martha Kent (O'Toole) in the Kents' corn silo. "Hothead" director Greg Beeman, who had previously worked with Gough and Millar on The Strip and Martial Law, used Swangard Stadium, as a substitution for Smallville High Stadium, for the opening football scene that took place at night.

When filming fell behind schedule, another director came in to assist the main unit director in finishing the episode. Greg Beeman assisted director Chris Long for the two "visceral visions of the future" that appeared in the episode "Hourglass". "Jitters" was an episode with so many changes that its initial scheduling as the second episode of the season was pushed back to the eighth spot. By the time filming for "Jitters" was completed, three directors had worked on the project: Greg Beeman, Phil Sgriccia, and Michael Watkins, the latter who was given sole directing credit for the episode.

Effects
A big part of the Smallville series relies on the effects it delivers, whether digital, physical, or special make-up effects. The effects shots, part of the post-production work, are developed and added in Los Angeles. David Nutter hired Thomas Special Effects to create digital cornfields for the pilot episode. After attempting to grow ten thousand stalks of corn in a greenhouse, which only grew two feet tall, Nutter was forced to rely primarily on digital corn. Faux corn was also flown in from Arizona. CGI supervisor Bill Millar created digital butterflies for a scene in Lana's bedroom, and all the insects Greg Arkin (Chad Donella) collected in the episode "Metamorphosis". Greg's insects had to be created digitally, because a green hue was needed to illustrate the kryptonite radiation in the insects. After the opening credits, the first person view of someone, later revealed to be Clark, flying through Lana's open window and into her bedroom was created digitally. The effect was accomplished with stock footage, a sound stage and computer generated imagery. Stock footage shot from a helicopter, as it flew over several farms during the day, was used for the first person point of view. It was altered from day to night, and a CGI house was created in an empty field. Lana's bedroom as built on a soundstage, and CGI was used to create the illusion of someone traveling through her open window and stopping above her bed. It was decided the effects of kryptonite poisoning on Clark, "Clark time", and the appearance of kryptonite when in the proximity of Clark would need to be illustrated in a way the audience could understand if they were not familiar with the character. Gough and Millar, after doing some research, learned the female audience was not aware of what was happening when Clark was exposed to kryptonite. Beginning with "Metamorphosis", whenever Clark was exposed to kryptonite, his veins would rise up and develop a green hue to illustrate the effect it was having. Close-up shots of Clark's hand were used for these scenes, and it was all created with digital animation. Gough and Millar developed the idea that kryptonite would only glow when it was around Clark, as it was meant to demonstrate the draining of his powers. "Clark time", the same idea behind bullet time, was created because previous incarnations had not explained the idea of what the world appears like to Clark when he is using his powers. The first instance of "Clark time" was used in the "Metamorphosis" scene where Greg Arkin attacks Clark and Jonathan in their barn. Jonathan is pushed over a banister and falls in the direction of some dangerous farm equipment. The effect involved slowing time down for everything except Clark, who would be moving at normal pace. When tackling Clark's emerging power of X-ray vision, Gough and Millar wanted to be able to see skeletons and bones, as opposed to previous incarnations that treated the ability like "see-through" vision. The recent advances in computer imagery helped them complete that task.

The digital effects costs for each episode could stretch the budget thin. In "Shimmer", Bill Millar, special effects supervisor, planned to create an artificial sunset for the closing scene involving Clark and Lana. The effects shot was supposed to last only a couple of seconds. James Marshall, the second unit director for the episode, decided to shoot the entire scene over the shoulders of Clark and Lana, looking at the sunset. The scene called for two greenscreen shots, but when Marshall was finished he had created seventeen greenscreen shots. The seventeen shots, which produced the artificial sunset, cost $50,000 to produce. By comparison, the entire effects budget costs between $65,000 and $100,000.

Over-spending of that nature became a regular occurrence on the Smallville set. The regularity of over-spending came to an end with "Kinetic", as the studio decided to be stricter. With the budget on a stiffer guideline, the filmmakers were forced to cut scenes from "Kinetic", an episode that was caught in the push for more budget-friendly scripts. One of the scenes that was cut involved one of the thieves phasing through a safe wall, and acting as a portal for the merchandise to be passed through. When digital effects were not an option, Mike Walls, the physical effects supervisor who began his Smallville career with "Leech", still tried to provide big effects. For instance, Walls used 75 cars for the final action scene of "Kinetic", which were cabled off to protect the actors. Stunt coordinator Lauro Chartrand attempts to make sure the actors are used as much as possible when performing fight scenes, unless the scenes are particularly dangerous. The fast shooting schedule forces Chartrand to rely on guest stars who can perform their own stunts, because of the limited time to find a "good double" for the actor.

Physical effects were not an issue for the series regulars. Allison Mack performed her own stunts for the scene in "Hothead" where her character's office is set on fire, and again in "Kinetic", when she was cabled off and dangled 50 ft above the ground. For "Nicodemus", the stunt coordinator received twice the help. Kristin Kreuk was expected to go to the tenth rung of a water tower, in a scene which involved her character climbing to the top and falling off. As filming progressed, Kreuk climbed to the top, so the crew cabled her off and dropped her 40 ft to the bottom. John Schneider's experience from The Dukes of Hazzard led to him performing the stunt driving for his character. The scene required Schneider to slide his truck around a corner, while yelling at some pedestrians on the sidewalk. The previous scene had established the driver side window as closed, so Schneider improvised and opened the driver's door as he slid 90° around a corner.

Reception
The series' pilot broke The WB's record for highest-rated debut with 8.35 million viewers, 3.8/9 in the 18-49 demographic, 4.5/12 in the 18–34 demographic and beat its lead-in Gilmore Girls, which was viewed by 5.99 million viewers, 2.4/6 in the 18-49 demographic, 2.8/8 in the 18-34 demographic by 39.4%, 58.3%, 60.7% respectively. In the 18–34 male demographic, its 5.0 rating nearly tripled its lead-in (1.7). After airing the first two episodes, which averaged 7.8 million viewers, the WB placed an order for a full season of 21 episodes. The first season averaged 5.9 million viewers weekly, placing #115 in the Nielsen ratings alongside Futurama, The Ellen Show, and Star Trek: Enterprise. The pilot and "Tempest" were selected in The Futon Critic's 50 best episodes of 2001 and 2002, respectively. The pilot placed 31st, while "Tempest" placed 15th.

Often, the show would beat its lead-in, Gilmore Girls (which saw a 60% surge in its new timeslot) in the ratings. Towards the end of the season, it was #1 with viewers under 35 in the ratings, which beat Frasier, Scrubs, and 24.

The season received mostly favorable reviews. IGN's Jeremy Conrad, who was initially against the idea of "reimagining" the Superman mythology, gave the first season a 7/10 rating. After reviewing the entire season, Conrad stated the first season of Smallville was "a solid start to what will be a great Superman TV series". Entertainment Weekly Bruce Fretts believes the series might appear "corny" on the surface, but actually shows "subversively witty spin on the comic-book myths". Clint Morris, founder of Moviehole.net, stated that the series was "still finding its feet in season one", although, he commended the acting, citing specifically Michael Rosenbaum's "uncontrollably likeable Lex Luthor". The Free-Lance Star's Rob Hedelt commended the casting as well, comparing Welling's portrayal of a teenage Clark Kent to that of Christopher Reeve's portrayal in the films. Hedelt considered John Schneider and Annette O'Toole to be ideal picks for Jonathan and Martha Kent, but felt Allison Mack and Sam Jones III, important characters, were the weakest part of the ensemble. Judge Byun, of DVD Verdict, felt having Clark Kent and Lex Luthor start their relationship as best friends was a "brilliant concept" that moved the show past a "Dawson's Creek with super powers" tone the premise of the show suggested. Byun believes the first season had "solid writing and excellent performances", but is weakened by the freak of the week storylines that plagued the early episodes of the season; the season works best when the episodes focus on character development and not super powers.

Other critics were less enthusiastic about the season. Peter Bowes of BBC News felt the season was simply a "soap opera" with "pretty young people". Bowes believes the season suffered from the "sentimental boy-girl storyline", but that die-hard Superman fans would still be taken in by this incarnation of the character's early years. A common criticism for the first season was the use of "villain of the week" storylines. By the time the first seven episodes aired, at least one journalist had had enough of the villain of the week format. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette's Rob Owen wrote the series works best with its "character interaction and a nice performance by John Schneider as Pa Kent", but that the show needs more than the "'monster of the week' stories seen so far". Jordan Levin, president of The WB's Entertainment division, recognized the concerns that the show had become a villain of the week series. Levin announced that season two would see more "smaller mini-arcs over three to four episodes, to get away from some of the formulaic storytelling structure" the series has fallen into.

Awards
By 2003, the first season had been nominated for and won various awards. It won an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series", and the pilot episode was nominated for "Outstanding Visual Effects for a Series". The pilot was recognized by other award organizations, receiving a Leo Award for "Best Visual Effects" in 2002. Peter Wunstorf was recognized for his work on the pilot with a nomination by the American Society of Cinematographers. Casting directors Deedee Bradley, Coreen Mayrs, and Barbara Miller were nominated for an Artios Award for their work on the pilot. Chris McGeary was nominated for Golden Reel's "Best Sound Editing in Television" award for his music editing on the pilot. The season one finale, "Tempest", was nominated for Golden Reel's "Best Sound Editing in Television Episodic" in 2003. In 2002, The American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers honored the band Remy Zero (which provided the opening theme song for Smallville) and composer Mark Snow for their contributions to the show; the award recognized the composers of the theme or underscore of the highest rated television series during January 1 – December 31, 2001.

Several members of the regular cast were nominated for awards. In 2001, Rosenbaum, Kreuk, and Welling were nominated for Saturn Awards for Best Supporting Actor in a Television Series, Best Actress, and Best Actor, respectively. Rosenbaum and Kreuk received additional nominations for male and female Cinescape Genre Face of the Future awards, and the entire season was nominated for Best Network Television Series. Rosenbaum was the only one to win an award (Best Supporting Actor). Tom Welling won the Teen Choice Award for Choice Breakout TV Star—Male in 2002. Smallville's first season placed sixth on the Parents Television Council's list of the "best shows for families".

Home media release
The complete first season of Smallville was released on September 23, 2003, in North America. Additional releases in regions 2 and 4 took place on October 13 and December 3, 2003, respectively. The DVD box set included various special features, including episode commentary, an interactive tour of Smallville, and storyboards from select episodes. On October 16, 2021, for the 20th anniversary, the complete series was released for the first time on Blu-ray. Season one is the only season to be produced in standard-definition. The Blu-ray release contains the original standard-definition, upscaled.

title: Smallville season 1


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title: Talk:I'm Your Man (Leonard Cohen album)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/DubbleStuff

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 17:01, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

DubbleStuff
149 Google count], many results are wiki mirrors. delete because band is not popular enough to be verified.

lots of issues | leave me a message 01:18, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
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Ludwig (film)

Ludwig (Ludwig II.) is a 1973 English-language epic biographical drama film co-written and directed by Luchino Visconti. The film stars Helmut Berger as King Ludwig II of Bavaria and Romy Schneider as Empress Elisabeth of Austria, along with Trevor Howard, Silvana Mangano, Helmut Griem, and Gert Fröbe. It is the third and final part of Visconti's "German Trilogy", following The Damned (1969) and Death in Venice (1971).

An international co-production by Italian producer Ugo Santalucia and West German producer Dieter Giessler, Ludwig was one of the most expensive European films at the time, and was a moderate success in its home territories, but was more lukewarmly received in the United States, where a heavily truncated 177-minute version was released. It was filmed in Munich and surrounding parts of Bavaria, and at Cinecittà Studios.

Ludwig won two David di Donatello Awards, for Best Film and Best Director, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Costume Design. Berger and Schneider both received German Film Award nominations for their acting, and Berger won a "Special David di Donatello" for his portrayal of the King.

Plot
Munich, 1864. The 18-year-old, idealistic Ludwig II is crowned as the King of Bavaria. His first official act is a lavish support for the inspired but indebted composer Richard Wagner, who settles in Munich after Ludwig's request. Ludwig's cabinet cannot understand his support for the arts and is furious about Wagner's expensive lifestyle. Ludwig tries to find a faithful friend in Wagner, whose music he loves, but these hopes get shattered: behind the King's back, Wagner has an affair with Cosima von Bülow, the wife of Wagner's opportunistic conductor Hans von Bülow. In order to avoid a scandal, Wagner has to leave Munich. Ludwig continues to support Wagner and his projects, but he still mistrusts him.

Another important person for Ludwig is Empress Elisabeth of Austria, his independent and charismatic cousin. During a meeting with other aristocratic families in Bad Ischl, Elisabeth and Ludwig get close to each other and they share a kiss. However, Elisabeth is more interested in bringing up a marriage between her beautiful, cultivated sister Sophie and Ludwig, but the king ignores Sophie. Disappointed by Wagner and Elisabeth, Ludwig starts to withdraw from public into dream worlds. Ludwig wants Bavaria to stay neutral in the Austro-Prussian War 1866, but his cabinet has another opinion and they eventually support the Austrian's loser's side. Ludwig ignores the war and stays in his castle, much to the irritation of his younger brother Otto and his close confidant Count Dürckheim. Dürckheim advises him to a marriage in order to prevent loneliness.

Shortly after Ludwig becomes aware of his homosexuality, he suddenly announces his engagement with Sophie in January 1867. His mother and the cabinet send an actress into his apartments, who is instructed to give him sexual experience. Ludwig feels angry about the actress and throws her into his bathtub. Ludwig has doubts if he can be a good husband to Sophie who loves him, and he postpones and eventually cancels the marriage. Instead, he starts having relationships with his servants, although the devout Catholic feels guilt about his homosexuality. Bavaria supports the Prussian army in the Franco-Prussian War of 1871, but during the following Unification of Germany, he loses much of his sovereignty to the Prussian emperor Wilhelm I and Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. Shortly after the Franco-Prussian War, the mental health of Ludwig's younger brother Otto declines and doctors have to take care of him. Ludwig is shocked by his brother's illness.

Ludwig does not care about politics anymore, instead, he spends his money building Neuschwanstein Castle, Linderhof Palace and Herrenchiemsee. The cabinet feels increasingly frustrated by the eccentric and secluded king's debts. In 1881, the king has a short but fierce friendship with actor Josef Kainz, whose Romeo performance he adores, but Kainz is mostly interested in the king's money. Ludwig also hosts some orgies with his servants. When his cousin Elisabeth wants to visit him after a long time, he refuses to see her.

In 1886, the psychiatrist Bernhard von Gudden declares that Ludwig is insane, following the advice of his scheming Cabinet. With the help of his faithful servants, Ludwig can arrest his cabinet for a few hours. His friends advise him to fight against the accusation that he is insane, but he only feels world-weary and depressed. Eventually, his uncle Luitpold is declared Prince Regent of Bavaria. Ludwig is brought to Berg Castle near Lake Starnberg, where he has to stay under arrest and gets psychological treatment. Two days later, Ludwig and Von Gudden leave the castle for a walk. A few hours later, their corpses are found in the Lake Starnber, dead by unknown causes.

Production
Ludwig was filmed at Cinecitta Studios in Rome, and on-location in Bavaria, West Germany. Filming took place at Roseninsel, Berg Castle, Lake Starnberg, Castle Herrenchiemsee, Castle Hohenschwangau, Linderhof Palace, Cuvilliés Theatre, Nymphenburg Palace, Ettal, Kaiservilla and Neuschwanstein Castle. Shooting began in late January 1972 and lasted six months.

Luchino Visconti, who was a distant relative of Ludwig II through Margarete von Bayern and Federico I Gonzaga, was fascinated by the story of the loner and esthete monarch and saw him as "the last absolutist ruler who preferred to rule with art rather than politics".

Much like The Damned and Death in Venice, Visconti shot Ludwig in English to account for the different nationalities in the cast (a mix of German, English, and Italian speakers). Scenes were shot silent (MOS) and then the actors looped their lines in post-production. While most of the German-speaking cast dubbed their own lines for the German release, Helmut Berger was replaced by a different actor due to his Austrian accent. In the Italian version, he was dubbed by Giancarlo Giannini.

During the last stages of production, on July 27, 1972, Visconti suffered a stroke. In the documentary The Life and Times of Count Luchino Visconti, screenwriter Enrico Medioli claimed the illness was caused by the sudden transition from the cold of the Austrian countryside to the heat of the Cinecittà soundstages.

Music
Rather than an original score, the film uses pre-existing orchestral pieces by Richard Wagner (excerpts from Lohengrin, Tristan und Isolde, and Tannhäuser), Jacques Offenbach, and Robert Schumann. The film had the distinction of featuring a performance by Franco Mannino of the previously unpublished original piano composition by Wagner, Elegie in A Flat Major, regarded as his final work for piano.

Critical response
In America, where a heavily cut version was released, the film received mixed-to-negative reviews. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote "Perhaps only Visconti, who seems obsessed with the gloomy side of decadence, could have made Ludwig II of Bavaria seem boring." Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote "Visconti has been such an intelligent film maker in the past that it's difficult to believe that Ludwig could be quite as bereft of ideas as it is." Robert Mazzocco of The New York Review of Books wrote "An unconscious parody of Visconti's own embattled romanticism, a diatribe against "privileged liberty," an old morality play in which the free soul is the damned soul-a dyspeptic Visconti, as it were, lecturing himself."

Retrospective reviews of the film's full director's cut have been more positive. Jonathan Romney for Film Comment wrote that "this full-length Ludwig... feels today like a painting whose images and forms can be at least freshly recognized." Bilge Ebiri wrote that "Built mostly around medium close-ups and dark interiors, the film creates a sense of isolation that matches the lead character's own state of mind."

Censorship and alternate versions
The director's cut by Visconti was over four hours long, which the film's distributors deemed as too long. Ludwig was then shortened to three hours at the premiere in Bonn on 18 January 1973. The cutback was without Visconti's consent, but the director, who was in bad health after a stroke during filming, was not able to stop it. The depiction of Ludwig's homosexuality caused a controversy, particularly in Bavaria, where King Ludwig was admired by many Conservatives. Among the critics was Bavarian prime minister Franz Josef Strauss, who was also at the film's premiere. The distributors feared controversy and, without consent by Visconti, cut another 55 minutes from the premiere version, reducing the film to two hours. Scenes with homosexual hints and some of the more philosophical dialogues in the film were cut in order to make the film more popular with mainstream audiences.

There are at least four different versions of the film, which according to the All Movie Guide "suffers greatly when shortened, as every moment is essential to the story". German film critic Wolfram Schütte wrote that those who saw the shortened version "haven't seen the film". The film was restored to its four-hour length by Ludwig-film editor Ruggero Mastroianni and Ludwig-screenwriter Suso Cecchi d'Amico in 1980, four years after Visconti's death, and had its premiere at the Venice Film Festival.

In April 2017, Arrow Video released a blu-ray/DVD "limited edition" restoration, including both the full-length theatrical edition at 238 minutes, and a five-part "television version" of the film. The blu-ray edition was restored in 2K resolution from the original 35mm camera negative. Elements that had been censored from some earlier releases, such as allusions to Ludwig's homoerotic longing and occasional glimpses of male nudity, are included in Arrow's home video restoration. In addition to the Italian language soundtrack, the Arrow release optionally includes the film's English audio for the first time on home video. The soundtrack was originally created for the 173-minute U.S. version and, as such, portions of the full-length presentation intermittently revert to the Italian dialogue to the extent an English version was either not recorded or not preserved. It appears that some of the principal actors, including Helmut Berger in the lead role, spoke English during the shoot. The limited edition disk set also included a booklet insert about the film and a number of featurettes about the film and its creative team.

title: Ludwig (film)


text:
User talk:M3taphysical

Nikolas Kompridis
Thanks for reading it, and for the kind words. Stay well. Walkinxyz (talk) 09:40, 19 January 2011 (UTC)

Place Ville-Marie
Hi there,

I see on your user page that you live in Montreal. I am going to assume that you have heard of Place Ville-Marie in asking you this question. The reports of the number of floors in Place Ville-Marie vary from 43 to 46. Do you, with your Montreal expertise, know the actual number of floors in this structure, or could you possibly visit this building to find out? Thanks,

-Stuck in Edmonton 117Avenue (talk) 22:44, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

Auto-Patrol
Hey, I granted your request at WP:PERM for auto reviewer, the 75 article thing is more of a recommendation than a guideline, and being that you've written 27 articles, I'm pretty sure you won't abuse the right by creating inappropriate articles ;). If you need any help or want the rights removed, feel free to ask on my talk page :). Best, Mifter (talk) 02:14, 5 November 2009 (UTC)

Frankfurt School
Thanks for the comments. You're right that the article still needs a lot of work, and I'm afraid my contributions are not "pitched" at a general audience – which is who wikipedia is for after all. I have re-written some of the terms I used in the introduction so they are more comprehensible.

Actually, I think the article as a whole is much too technical, and focuses too much on trying to clarify what the Frankfurt School's theoretical influences were, whereas it should better explain the aims of their research project (it was also a research project, not just an attempt to construct a theory out of other people's theories).

James Bohman's article for the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is instructive in this regard. However, even some of his concepts are out of date when you consider Kompridis' work. However, Kompridis' published work is not easy to understand if you haven't been exposed to these ideas already.

I was a student of Kompridis – full disclosure – so I do have a useful perspective on this. In the next few weeks I will try to put together a more accessible picture of what these folks were up to with their "critical theory". And I will change the references to "Ibid".

Best, Walkinxyz (talk) 21:48, 24 November 2009 (UTC)

p.s. is it possible to use a reference again using ref name="", but with different page numbers? Or does that involve re-pasting the whole reference? Walkinxyz (talk) 21:58, 24 November 2009 (UTC)

--

It looks like you have made some positive changes. I will try to cobble together something on Kompridis, and then revisit the article on Frankfurt School as soon as I can.

Walkinxyz (talk) 10:34, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

Well, I finally posted something substantial on Kompridis after more than a year. Any feedback is welcome… for readability, content… everything. Working my way up to tackling more critical theory stuff soon.

Happy New Year! Walkinxyz (talk) 08:39, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

egoistic and egotistical
Hi there, first off I'm not here drumming up support I'm just here to let you know that I, in some sense, changed your post on my talk page by copying the discussion to Talk:Émile Durkheim as this is a more suitable forum than my talk. It seemed like the sort of thing one should mention. Thanks,  raseaC talk to me 15:39, 1 December 2009 (UTC).

Sociology reviewer
Howdy. The sociology article has been greatly improved over the past few months and we are looking for reviewers to get it to GA status. It isn't of featured status, but I certainly think it deserves higher than its current B rating. Please be a reviewer, or lend further advice! --Tomsega (talk) 17:09, 7 December 2009 (UTC)

You're invited!
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Discussion regarding Template:Frankfurt School
Your views are welcome: Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Philosophy. AllyD (talk) 18:16, 13 June 2010 (UTC)

You are now a Reviewer
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Advanced capitalism
Hi, I've seen that you included advanced capitalism in the Template:Frankfurt School. Do you have a reference for the earliest use of the term in the Frankfurt School?--Sum (talk) 17:01, 29 July 2010 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
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Interview request
Dear M3taphysical, I am a graduate student of Information Studies at Aarhus University, Denmark, and I am working on my master's thesis which is about Wikipedia, more specifically the Wikipedia community and how the knowledge in Wikipedia is constructed. In my research I am - among other things - going to focus on the construction of academic knowledge in Wikipedia. Since you are a participant in the, Sociology WikiProject I would like to ask you if you would be willing to do an interview about the way you work with Wikipedia, how it integrates with your daily life, and what motivates you to contribute etc. Since I live in Denmark the interview will be held through skype or a corresponding service.

If you are interested or if you would like to know more about me/my thesis, feel free to contact me at anders@thorb.org or through my talk page.

I am looking forward to hearing from you!

Anders Thorborg

Andersthorborg (talk) 19:21, 11 October 2012 (UTC)

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Help with article review?
Hi!

I see you are a member of the Wikipedia Social and Political Philosophy task force. I wonder if you might be willing to help me with a review of a substantial redraft of the article How (philosophy) I proposed at: Talk:How_(book). In addition to the social and political philosophical space, it also is about organizational philosophy. While I am an experienced Wikipedia editor and have written about two dozen articles,I have a COI as a paid consultant to the author of the primary book on the subject.

If you're able to give the time for an independent review, I'd be appreciative.

Many thanks,

Ed BC1278 (talk) 20:20, 11 May 2018 (UTC)BC1278

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title: User talk:M3taphysical


text:
User:Heat3000

Current time: Monday, July 29, 2024, (UST)

Details
The name's Dan, simply Dan. Only call me Daniel when you're pissed off at me. Anything else can be solved in the talk.

Hope to get a career in either computer or aerospace engineering. Whose articles you should totally check out.

title: User:Heat3000


text:
User talk:Willicher

Welcome, from Journalist Welcome to Wikipedia!

Hello. My name is Orane (but I go by the name 'Journalist' on Wikipedia) and I am one of Wikipedia's Administrators. I just stopped by to say Hi and to formally welcome you to Wikipedia. Thank you for your awesome contributions so far. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. I know that being here for the first few days may be a bit confusing, but you'll get used to it pretty soon.

Here are a few good links for newcomers. I know that they can be boring, but I recommend that you take a look at them:
 * Policies and guidelines
 * What Wikipedia is not
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Manual of Style

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! You can come to my talk page if you have any questions. If Im online, I will definitely respond. If I'm offline, you can go to Where to ask a question. Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~) ; this will automatically produce your name and the date. Again, welcome! Come say Hi! →Jo urna list >>talk<<  01:18, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

No personal attacks!
Please see Wikipedia's no personal attacks policy. Comment on content, not on contributors; personal attacks damage the community and deter users. Note that continued personal attacks may lead to blocks for disruption. Please stay cool and keep this in mind while editing. Thank you. Rex 16:07, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

Nazi Germany
Hallo Willicher,

ich weiß, auf was du hinaus willst, nämlich dass "Nazi Germany" in der Tat wenig neutral ist und quasi das ganze Deutschland zur Zeit des Nationalsozialismus über einen Kamm geschert wird, also quasi in der Art, dass "sowieso doch alles nur Nazis waren".

Du hast unter rein objektiven Gesichtspunkten natürlich recht, doch in der Englischen Sprache sind "Nazi Germany" und "Third Reich" so derart etablierte Begriffe für das Deutsche Reich von 1933-1945, dass man es besser so bleiben lassen sollte wie es ist.

Dir sollte bewusst sein, dass die Amis, Tommies & Co. (unsere Freunde mit Wohnwagen und gelb... *scrn*) immer recht einfältig und nicht sonderlich.... na du weißt schon, waren. ;-)

Also mach dir nichts draus, ist doch egal.

Gruß, --Orangerider 16:07, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Mich regt es nur auf! Außerdem versuche ich hier Bildungsarbeit zum Wohle unses Volkes zu machen. Aber dieser seltsame Kerl Rex Germanus hat sowieso keine Ahnung von deutscher Rechtsgeschichte. Schade! Aber was will man machen? Gruß --Willicher - Greetings from Germany! 16:13, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

Sockpuppetry case
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I have closed the sockpuppetry case, and I have concluded that there has been no violation of policy by anyone. Shalom Hello 21:46, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

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Nazi Germany VS Third Reich discussion needs your voice
You are invited to participate in the Nazi Germany VS Third Reich discussion Axelode (talk) 18:54, 4 March 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Willicher


text:
Pleasant Park station

Pleasant Park station is a bus stop on Ottawa's Transitway served by OC Transpo buses. It is located in the southeastern transitway section at Pleasant Park Road (a collector road through Alta Vista) near Riverside Drive. The station is mostly used by people who take the 49 bus to or from Alta Vista, or by local residents in the nearby residential areas.

The station has two levels: one connecting to Pleasant Park Road, the other to the transitway.

It is one of the more lightly used stations due to the lack of any other trip generators or transfer connections.

Service

The following routes serve Pleasant Park:

title: Pleasant Park station


text:
Talk:Michaela Pereira

Copyright Problems
Part of the 2nd, the entire 3rd, and the 4th paragraphs seem to be copied from her KTLA bio: http://ktla.trb.com/news/local/newsstaff/ktla-news-bio-pereira,0,221207.story?coll=ktla-newsstaff-1

I have removed them. ElHornberg 18:23, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

Thank you
Thanks those who contributed. I linked Michaela Pereira so many times for ZDTV/TechTV/g4... related topics, i hoped that someone would make those dead-edit links 'real.' My dream has come true. *sob* Now I wish from the great wiki god jimbo: Victoria Recaño and Jennifer London, the former is on MSNBC. --x1987x 01:22, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Victoria Recaño page is now up. :) --Elonka 19:21, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

Which Timezone is Wiki Synced up with
I see the last modified date for "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaela_Pereira" as : "This page was last modified 18:20, 1 January 2007." I am in Pacific Day Time of US and the time now is 12:59 PM. The Eastern Time zone would be 3 hours ahead but the last update date on this page shows 18:20 of today..Can someone tell me which timezone Wiki takes to display the last modified date for an article?

Thanks, 67.49.74.217 21:03, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

 * We arent set on a timezone, were set on UTC - M  ask?

Please provide date
The 3rd paragraph begins "Pereira currently anchors the only national news program..." but this needs to be changed to indicate the date when she left her previous show and began anchoring the only national news program... "Currently" doesn't work because the reader will never know what point in time that means. ElsaObuchowski (talk) 20:24, 11 October 2016 (UTC)

This sentence makes no sense
Her parents and siblings do not share the same ethnic backgrounds, which has subsequently led her to be a strong advocate for the rights of children. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.169.185.31 (talk) 16:16, 5 January 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Michaela Pereira


text:
Talk:Hessian fabric

Untitled
hi yo —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.227.25.97 (talk) 20:28, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

Removed unnecessarily vulgar "burlap vagina" blurb. It doesn't appear as a real term on Google. TotoBaggins — Preceding undated comment added 01:20, 9 October 2005

Clarification about Jute, Burlap/Hessian, and Sackcloth
Jute is the most dominating bast fiber in the world. Therefore, most burlap/hessian/gunny & sackcloth can be found to be made of Jute. But, burlap & sackcloth can be made of other bast fibers also, like Hemp, Kenaf, flax etc.

Sackcloth is the material to make sackings or the cloth derived from sacks. Burlap/hessian/gunny (Fabric of Jute or Bast Fiber) is made for other purposes also. e.g. Shadecloth or Canvas/Tarpaulin, Nursery Blind, Trims (Webbing), etc. Therefore, Sackcloth is a type of Burlap and all sackcloths are burlap, but all burlap are not sackcloth.

- Asif Anwar — Preceding undated comment added 01:20, 9 October 2005
 * I have modified redirections for sackcloth (or sack cloth) to Cilice. When most people search the term, they are looking for the Bible-related meaning. --Algorithme (talk) 14:07, 17 May 2009 (UTC)

keep burlap as separate page
I would not have known to search for sack cloth as that is not a term known in Canada! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.206.19.129 (talk • contribs) 05:18, 8 September 2006

I've heard of a "burlap sack" but I can't say the term sackcloth would bring me to think of Burlap, though that may be to lack of education - leaving it separate would allow us "uneducated" people to find the topic easier. -K. LeDrew — Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.251.59.204 (talk • contribs) 13:26, 16 September 2006

"with which to lash Mardi Gras participants"
Wha'? Can we have a source for that please?!? 86.132.139.224 03:38, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

Serious edit?
This page is pretty awful in its quality. It almost feels like an Everything2 entry. Specifics: The "Other" category should probably be deleted as it doesn't really add much. Quoting random things that also are called "burlap" isn't very informative without further exposition. And the individual sentences at the top are disjoint and unorganized. I understand that the article is a stub, but it's a very low quality stub. SeanAhern 11:44, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

-- So why not do some work on it? Everybody does a little bit; that's how this wiki thing functions.kscally 11:00, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

naming
If Hessian is the more common name (The article states this and cites a reference) why is the page called Burlap? Burlap isn't in concise dictionaries in the UK and i've only ever seen it used by William Faulkner so I assume its an Americanism.The article currently at Hessian isn't about Hessian in any correct English sence.(Morcus (talk) 14:07, 16 May 2008 (UTC))

I'd like to propose moving this article to Hessian (fabric) for the reasons given above. The first line of the article cites a reference to the fact that Hessian is the more common name and that Burlap is an Americanism. Please Discuss.(Morcus (talk) 01:31, 23 August 2008 (UTC))

The best part of a week having passed without any reply I've been bold and moved it, I've also swapped Burlap and Hessian around in a couple of places.(Morcus (talk) 00:45, 29 August 2008 (UTC))

 * The more common name would be burlap, because it's an Americanism. American population > UK population. —ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ ( ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ ) 20:28, 13 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Indian population > American population, what what is it called there? BP OMowe (talk) 22:55, 30 November 2019 (UTC)

In Australia & New Zealand it is known as Hessian. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.2.102.105 (talk) 09:55, 22 July 2017 (UTC)

History
The historical background seems a bit suspect and anachronistic. The great age of the Hessian conscript mercenary was in the 18th century, so that seems a more likely time for the term to evolve than the 19th, when allegedly jute exports started. It's likely
 * either Hessian in the earlier period was not jute-based,
 * or the date for first exports is wrong,
 * or both.

Isn't it more likely that the British and French colonists started sending back jute in the 18th century or even earlier? It seems odd they fought over Bengal so hard unless they were exploiting its resources.Sjwells53 (talk) 10:28, 15 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Besides, hessian is not a very suitable fabric for clothing. Except if you're a Roman Catholic, but Hesse was perhaps the first part of Germany that Reformed. However, it may be that burlap was used by the mercs if nothing else was available, e.g. by the Convention Army when they had no other supplies.
 * The original fibre was probably flax. The German term is Sackleinen, essentially meaning "duffel-bag linen". Dysmorodrepanis (talk) 17:00, 7 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Seems doubtful that this fabric was used for actual soldiers' uniforms. Probably a [folk etymology]. Kortoso (talk) 17:05, 11 August 2016 (UTC)

 * And this seems a little ethno-centric: "from India..." to where? And what about India? What do they call it? What do they use it for? Kortoso (talk) 17:08, 11 August 2016 (UTC)

Adding this comment from https://blog.eufabrics.com/related-fabrics/origin-hessian-fabrics-uses/ "The origins of Hessian lie in India during the 1600s, when jute was recognised for its strength as a fibre and was used for rope and paper as well as small amounts of fabric. " — Preceding unsigned comment added by Carol M. (talk • contribs) 19:05, 6 October 2021 (UTC)

According to the OED the earliest use of the word Hessian relating to jute cloth is the 1880s. Thus claims about soldiers' clothing 100 years earlier are almost certainly nothing more than folk etymology. Given that a large scale jute industry only began in India the 1850s this makes it even less likely that Hessian soldiers were wearing clothes of such material in the 18th century. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.26.176.67 (talk) 15:03, 6 April 2024 (UTC)

Italian "burla"
burlap has burla in it which means joke or something funny considering burlap sack races, dresses, or slapstick — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.241.144.43 (talk • contribs) 05:00, 26 November 2014

Requested move 10 June 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. Jenks24 (talk) 17:22, 22 June 2015 (UTC)

Hessian fabric → Burlap – If this is the more common term in the USA and Canada, then it is almost certainly the most common English term. ngram —Srnec (talk) 15:39, 10 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose per WP:TITLEVAR and WP:TITLECHANGES – WP:AT specifies that article titles should not be changed from one English dialect to another. The stable title should remain, per WP:TITLECHANGES. RGloucester  — ☎ 16:03, 10 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Unless it happened a while ago, right? The page history is convoluted here—there was a Burlap article a few times before there was a Hessian one, though the former was vandalism. So I think you're correct here, but I wonder why you came to the opposite conclusion on a similar discussion. If Srnec had made this move unilaterally and someone tried to reverse it in an RM years from now, would you oppose? --BDD (talk) 20:26, 10 June 2015 (UTC)
 * No, I would oppose if the title had remained stable in the years between his bold move and the new RM. Such stability implies that no one objected to the change, attaining a consensus through stability. Per WP:TITLEVAR and WP:TITLECHANGES, there is no justification for changing a stable title merely to change the English variety. RGloucester  — ☎ 21:37, 10 June 2015 (UTC)
 * I wonder how long it takes before such a move becomes a fait accompli, before a title is stable. Interesting how your interpretations of these opposite cases both conclude that the British spelling is correct. --BDD (talk) 13:15, 11 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Neither is "correct". The stable title should always remain, unless there are good reasons for a change other than the matter of the English dialect. Your assumptions about my motives are disgusting. I simply value stability, as does our article titles policy, and regardless of what dialect is used. RGloucester  — ☎ 15:03, 11 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the counterexample. I just want you to think what a subjective, slippery term "stable title" is. You're quite correct that our policies value stability. I simply think not tacitly approving moves against those policies is an important way to maintain stability. --BDD (talk) 15:49, 11 June 2015 (UTC)
 * The earliest revision I can find is Hessian cloth (21 June 2004). There was a Burlap article deleted for copyvio in May 2005 - is there an earlier revision there? Peter James (talk) 23:01, 14 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Exactly. Even if "RETAIN" did apply, which it does not, as I've already explained elsewhere, this article started at the "Hessian" variant. RGloucester  — ☎ 16:08, 15 June 2015 (UTC)

Support I guess per WP:ENGVAR and WP:RETAIN Red Slash 23:40, 10 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Support per Red Slash -- 70.51.202.183 (talk) 05:04, 11 June 2015 (UTC)
 * per Mabalu, it should be burlap -- 70.51.202.183 (talk) 04:58, 12 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment A little confused about whether the above support votes are actually pro-change or not, particularly using the "retain" argument. Although I think the article should properly be "Hessian (fabric)," it does appear to be stable and solid under this name, and burlap does exist as a redirect - so I guess I oppose the move. In fact, looking at the history, for some reason this was moved from Hessian (cloth) to the current page, which just seems odd. Mabalu (talk) 13:50, 11 June 2015 (UTC)
 * "More common" and ngram arguments should not be entertained. This is a textbook ENGVAR case.  Not currently sure which that favor, but WP:ENGVAR and WP:RETAIN should apply, unless there is a very good reason otherwise.  --SmokeyJoe (talk) 12:02, 21 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Neither "ENGVAR" or "RETAIN" reply to article titles, as they are mere MoS prose guidelines. The relevant part of our article titles policy is WP:TITLEVAR. RGloucester  — ☎ 14:53, 21 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Nonsense. The variation of English used in the title needs to be the same as in the text.  Much of the MoS is mere guideline over-interpreted, but not ENGVAR.  RETAIN has clear applicability to titling.  --SmokeyJoe (talk) 22:10, 21 June 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, but WP:TITLEVAR is the relevant policy, and it is very clear on this matter. It says "American English spelling should not be respelled to British English spelling, and vice versa; for example, both color and colour are acceptable and both spellings are found in article titles (such as color gel and colour state". There should be no respelling of any kind, merely to change the variety. ENGVAR is irrelevant to article titles. The policy on the matter is WP:TITLEVAR. RGloucester  — ☎ 01:47, 22 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Sometimes policy is not perfect, but the principle is clear. Perhaps this policy needs completion.  Burlap and hessian mean the same thing but come from different English speaking places.  American and British spellings are just the most frequently encountered issues that the community agreed should not be fought over pathetically, with the solution, of sticking with the first used version, applying to all such problems.  If there is to be any gaming of that solution, it is to write new articles quickly, and that is a good thing.  --SmokeyJoe (talk) 04:14, 22 June 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Use for clothing
I added to the claim that farmers during the Great Depression sewed their burlap sacks into clothes. The use of flour sacks as material for clothing in the early to mid-20th century is well documented, but those sacks were of printed cotton, not burlap. I haven't done an exhaustive search, but a few minutes of Googling hasn't turned up credible evidence for burlap-sack clothing having been common during the Depression. 206.208.105.129 (talk) 18:43, 10 March 2016 (UTC)

Crocus?
Could it be from the ancient Greek name for jute?  Kortoso (talk) 17:10, 11 August 2016 (UTC)

Only jute?
The article goes on an on about hessian / burlap being made of jute. But in reality is can be made of jute, it can be made of hemp, it can be made of a mixture of hemp and jute, and it can even be made of flax. If the meaning "coarse fabric used for sacks made of jute" is some sort of technical jargon used in the textile industry, the article should say so; because in normal speech burlap / hessian is just coarse fabric used for sacks, regardless of what it is made of. Imerologul Valah (talk) 22:49, 14 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hessian fabric


text:
Smallville season 5

The fifth season of Smallville, an American television series, began airing on September 29, 2005. The series recounts the early adventures of Kryptonian Clark Kent as he adjusts to life in the fictional town of Smallville, Kansas, during the years before he becomes Superman. The fifth season comprises 22 episodes and concluded its initial airing on May 11, 2006, marking the final season that aired on The WB. Regular cast members during season five include Tom Welling, Kristin Kreuk, Michael Rosenbaum, Erica Durance, Allison Mack, John Glover, Annette O'Toole and John Schneider.

Season 5 deals with the aftermath of the second meteor shower. Clark deals with adult life, going to college, a real relationship with Lana, and the loss of someone he loves. His distrust for Lex continues to grow, as Clark's professor begins supplying him with evidence of LuthorCorp's secret projects. Clark looks to Chloe for support, while Lionel's transformation into a better person draws skepticism from everyone. Jensen Ackles, who played Jason Teague, left the show after season four, and Erica Durance became a series regular as Lois Lane. The writers also brought in Arthur Curry, Victor Stone, and Andrea Rojas, DC Comics superheroes, in three separate guest spots as well as the classic Superman villain Brainiac.

After spending seasons three and four airing on Wednesday at 8:00 pm (ET), Smallville was moved to Thursday at 8:00 pm, where it stayed for four seasons. Season five rose from the previous season, averaging 4.7 million viewers weekly. This was the last season to air on the WB Network. Season 6 and all following seasons aired on The CW Network following a merger of the WB and UPN networks.

Tie-in
Since the second season, a promotional tie-in titled Chloe's Chronicles was established to wrap up "unfinished business" from the television series through the use of internet episodes. During season five, the series was evolved into Vengeance Chronicles. In this series, Chloe joins forces with a costumed vigilante she dubs the "Angel of Vengeance", who was introduced in the episode "Vengeance", to expose Lex Luthor's Level 33.1 experiments on meteor-infected people.

Awards
In 2006, the show was awarded an Emmy for Outstanding Editing for a Series for the fifth-season episode "Arrival". Allison Mack was awarded Best Sidekick in 2006. Guest star Emily Hirst was nominated for a Young Artist Award for her portrayal of Maddie Van Horn in "Fragile". In 2006, the show was nominated for a Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing in "Commencement". For the 32nd Annual Saturn Awards, the show received seven nominations: Best Network Television Series; Best Actor and Actress for Tom Welling and Kristin Kreuk; Best Supporting Actor and Actress for Michael Rosenbaum, Erica Durance and Allison Mack; and Best Television Release on DVD.

Home media release
The complete fifth season of Smallville was released on September 12, 2006, in North America. Additional releases in region 2 and region 4 took place on August 28, 2006, and April 4, 2007, respectively. The DVD box set included various special features, including episode commentary, The Chloe Chronicles: Volume II, a behind-the-scenes featurette on the making of the 100th episode, Vengeance Chronicles webisodes, and a preview of the documentary Look, Up in the Sky! The Amazing Story of Superman. On October 16, 2021, for the 20th anniversary, the complete series was released for the first time on Blu-ray. The Blu-ray release marks the first time season 5 being released on Blu-ray. Season 5 had previously been released in high definition on HDDVD only.

title: Smallville season 5


text:
User talk:Doneman

Welcome, from Journalist Welcome to Wikipedia!

Hello. My name is Orane (but I go by the name 'Journalist' on Wikipedia) and I am one of Wikipedia's Administrators. I just stopped by to say Hi and to formally welcome you to Wikipedia. Thank you for your awesome contributions so far. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. I know that being here for the first few days may be a bit confusing, but you'll get used to it pretty soon.

Here are a few good links for newcomers. I know that they can be boring, but I recommend that you take a look at them:
 * Policies and guidelines
 * What Wikipedia is not
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Manual of Style

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! You can come to my talk page if you have any questions. If Im online, I will definitely respond. If I'm offline, you can go to Where to ask a question. Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~) ; this will automatically produce your name and the date. Again, welcome! Come say Hi! →Jo urna list  >>talk<<  01:20, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Doneman


text:
Masi

Masi may refer to:

Places

 * Masi, Almora, a small town in Almora, India
 * Masi, Veneto, a city in the province of Padua, Italy
 * Masi, Norway, a village in Finnmark county, Norway

People

 * Masi (surname)
 * Masi Oka, Japanese actor

Other

 * Masi (Fiji), the Fijian term for the paper mulberry tree
 * The Fijian name for Tapa cloth, made from the bark of the Paper Mulberry
 * Masi (food), a Filipino dessert made from rice flour balls with a peanut filling
 * Masi (india ink), an archaic term for India ink
 * Masi Bicycles, a bicycle manufacturer
 * MASI index (Moroccan All Shares Index), a Casablanca Stock Exchange index
 * MASI Lugano, a Swiss contemporary art museum
 * Masimo, a medical technology company publicly traded as "MASI"
 * Movement of Asylum Seekers in Ireland
 * Sisu SA-150, a Finnish military truck colloquially known as Maasto-Sisu or Masi for short
 * Masi or Māci, a month in the Tamil calendar corresponding to mid-February to mid-March

title: Masi