text:
The Dark Mirror (1946 film)

The Dark Mirror is a 1946 American film noir psychological thriller film directed by Robert Siodmak starring Olivia de Havilland as twins and Lew Ayres as their psychiatrist. The film marks Ayres' return to motion pictures following his conscientious objection to service in World War II. De Havilland had begun to experiment with method acting at the time and insisted that everyone in the cast meet with a psychiatrist. The film anticipates producer/screenwriter Nunnally Johnson's psycho-docu-drama The Three Faces of Eve (1957). Vladimir Pozner's original story on which the film is based was nominated for an Academy Award.

Plot
Dr. Frank Peralta is stabbed to death in his apartment one night. The detective on the case, Lt. Stevenson, quickly finds two witnesses putting Peralta's girlfriend, Terry Collins, at the scene. However, when Stevenson finds and questions Terry, she has an iron-clad alibi, and several witnesses of her own. It is revealed that Terry has an identical twin sister, Ruth, and the pair share a job and routinely switch places for their own benefit. Stevenson and the district attorney are unable to prosecute since the twins refuse to confirm which of them has the alibi.

Unable to accept the "perfect crime", Lt. Stevenson asks Dr. Scott Elliot for help. Scott is an expert on twin study, and has been routinely encountering the Collinses at their shared workplace but does not know which is which. As a front, Scott asks Terry and Ruth if he can study them individually as part of his research. The twins accept, though Ruth is worried that Scott might find out that Terry was at Peralta's apartment the night of the murder. However, Terry is attracted to Scott and insists that they can keep the secret for the sake of seeing him. She also comforts Ruth, reminding her that she was only at Peralta's apartment but didn't kill him.

From Scott's psychological tests and by spending time with them, he discovers that Ruth is kind and loving, while Terry is highly intelligent and insane, and has been manipulating Ruth almost their entire lives. Terry is jealous that people keep preferring Ruth over her, and is enraged yet again when Scott falls in love with Ruth instead of her. Terry starts methodically gaslighting Ruth, making her believe that she's hallucinating and going insane, in the hopes of pushing her to suicide.

Scott reports his findings to Stevenson, who advises him to warn Ruth immediately. That night, Scott arranges to meet with Ruth at his apartment, but Terry intercepts the message. Terry leaves Ruth alone in their apartment and sets a music box in a hidden place to encourage Ruth to believe she's developing the madness erroneously believed always to afflict one of two twins. Terry goes to meet Scott, and he explains everything he's learned about the twins' relationship and Terry’s intense rivalry with her innocent sister, knowing all along that he's speaking to Terry, not to Ruth. Scott also believes that Peralta, who didn't know they were twins, wooed Terry but was really in love with Ruth, and Terry killed him for it. When Scott receives a call from the Lieutenant Stevenson, Terry considers stabbing him in the back with the nearby scissors. Stevenson is at the twins' apartment, having gone there on a hunch, and says he's found Ruth dead.

Scott and Terry go to the sisters' apartment, where Terry "confesses" to Stevenson that her "sister" killed Peralta and committed suicide out of guilt. Terry confirms all of Scott's psychological test results, but she herself claims to be Ruth, and says that she's relieved that "Terry” is dead. Just then Ruth enters the room, alive and well, which causes Terry angrily to throw her glass at a mirror reflecting the real Ruth's image. Stevenson did visit Ruth on a hunch but only found her in distress, not dead; he then faked the 'phone call to trap Terry, who is arrested. Scott and Ruth are free to enjoy their future together.

Cast

 * Olivia de Havilland as twins Terry and Ruth Collins
 * Lew Ayres as Dr. Scott Elliott
 * Thomas Mitchell as Lt. Stevenson
 * Richard Long as Rusty
 * Charles Evans as Dist. Atty. Girard
 * Garry Owen as Franklin (as Gary Owen)
 * Lela Bliss as Mrs. Didriksen
 * Lester Allen as George Benson

Hollywood and the genre of “abnormal psychology”
German-American filmmaker Siodmak’s The Dark Mirror is a melodrama representative of a Hollywood genre emerging in the 1940s concerning Abnormal psychology and its treatment through Psychoanalysis.

The cinematic handling of the topic in The Dark Mirror reflected Siodmak’s roots in German expressionism. Film historian Andrew Sarris observed that Siodmak’s Hollywood films “were more Germanic than his [German]-made films. (the director fled Nazi dominated Europe in 1940). The application of the techniques of German expressionism are evident through the use of chiaroscuro shadow, distortions in sound effects and dialogue and the use of mirrors to emphasize the psychotic descent of the characters, culminating in a “genuine tour de force.”

Siodmak directed a series of psychological dramas in subsequent years including Phantom Lady (1944), Christmas Holiday (1944), The Suspect (1945), The Strange Affair of Uncle Harry (1945) and The Killers (1946), the latter an adaption of Ernest Hemingway’s short story.

Reception
When first released the staff at Variety magazine gave the film a mixed review, writing, "The Dark Mirror runs the full gamut of themes currently in vogue at the box office - from psychiatry to romance back again to the double identity gimmick and murder mystery. But, despite the individually potent ingredients, somehow the composite doesn't quite come off...Lew Ayres is cast in his familiar role as a medico - a specialist on identical twins. Slightly older looking and sporting a mustache, Ayres still retains much of his appealing boyish sincerity. But in the romantic clinches, Ayres is stiff and slightly embarrassed looking. Copping thespic honors, despite a relatively light part, Thomas Mitchell plays the baffled dick with a wry wit and assured bearing that carries belief."

In her 2019 biography, Olivia de Havilland: Lady Triumphant, Victoria Amador quotes James Agee's November 9, 1946, review in The Nation: “I very much like Olivia de Havilland’s performance,” Agee wrote. “She has for a long time been one of the prettiest women in movies; lately she has not only become prettier than ever, but has started to act.”

Bosley Crowther, film critic for The New York Times, was critical, writing, "The Dark Mirror, like so many of its ilk, suffers from its author's lack of ingenuity to resolve his puzzle in a satisfying manner. As in his earlier and superior mystery, The Woman in the Window, Mr. Johnson solves the problem with a bit of trickery which is no credit to his craftsmanship. Still, one must hand it to Mr. Johnson for keeping his audience guessing, if not always entertained."

In a 9 February 1947 review in Australia's Daily Telegraph, Josephine O'Neill wrote: “This engrossing psychological drama frames a remarkable performance by Olivia de Havilland... so thoughtful and subtle that each girl becomes a clear-cut personality early in the film. That production trick of identity jewels to distinguish the pair is unnecessary. In fact, Olivia's is the Academy Award work of the year... The quiet, distinguished production...obtains an extraordinary amount of suspense with the minimum of action... Robert Siodmak's clever, low-keyed direction is as unusual as his cast... (Lew) Ayres does a fine, sensitive, and charming job. Thomas Mitchell... is in excellent form... it's a long time since Mitchell has had so good a story. To sum up: one of the best in its class.”

In the August 15, 1991, issue of The New York Review of Books, Geoffrey O'Brien included The Dark Mirror in a list of 16 videos leading a piece headlined “The Return of Film Noir!”

As of July 2020, Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 67% fresh, based on 6 reviews, most of them dating from the 21st century. The site quotes Richard Brody's positive review in the November 26, 2012, issue of The New Yorker: “ Its evocation of biological destiny wrenches the modernistic romance into tragedy.“

Remake
The Dark Mirror was remade as a TV film in 1984 with Jane Seymour as the twins, Stephen Collins as the psychiatrist, and Vincent Gardenia as the detective.

title: The Dark Mirror (1946 film)


text: User talk:82.123.172.218

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:82.123.172.218


text:
Talk:Lehman College

Demographics of student body
Is the student body predominantly Hispanic and African American? 173.88.246.138 (talk) 02:45, 1 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lehman College


text:
Marcinkonys Ghetto

Marcinkonys or Marcinkańce Ghetto was a small Jewish ghetto established during the Holocaust in Marcinkonys (pre-war Second Polish Republic, war-time Bezirk Bialystok, post-war Lithuanian SSR). It existed from around November 1941 to November 1942 and housed 300 to 400 Jews.

Establishment and operation
According to a Lithuanian report of 26 July 1941, there were 324 Jews, including 50 children under the age of 6, living in Marcinkonys. Most likely in early November 1941 (other sources provide spring 1942 after the Passover), an order was given to establish the Jewish ghetto near the train station of the Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway. After bribes by the Judenrat, the ghetto area was expanded from three houses to 14. The ghetto covered the area of 1.5 ha surrounded by barbed wire and housed several dozens of Jews from nearby towns and villages, including Rudnia, Kabeliai, Valkininkai, Butrimonys, Varėna.

Living conditions inside the ghetto were better than in other Jewish ghettos. The ghetto had its own small Jewish police force, commanded by Berke Aizenshtat. Most ghetto inmates were forced to work at the railway station, on the roads, in forestry, or in the mushroom-canning factory, but some managed to retain their pre-war trade. In summer 1942, 70 Jewish survivors arrived at the ghetto bringing accounts of mass killings and other atrocities. That heightened the tensions and a group of young Jews planned to escape and join the Jewish partisans. The Judenrat even smuggled 12 guns into the ghetto.

Liquidation
On 2 November 1942, orders were given to liquidate the ghetto and transport the Jews to Treblinka and Auschwitz concentration camps. A squad of 15 Germans, under the command of Gendarmerie Hauptwachmeister Albert Wietzke, ordered the Jews to gather at the entrance at 8am to be "transported for labor." Witnesses present different accounts of further events. According to an official complaint written by forester Hans Lehmann, two of the Germans opened fire at the crowded Jews without a reasonable cause. Other authors present the events as a revolt inspired by Aaron Kobrowski, chairman of the Judenrat. Panicked Jews attempted to escape through the fence into the nearby forest or back into the ghetto. The Germans then searched the ghetto, shooting any Jews on sight and destroying five secret bunkers with grenades. In total, 105 or 132 Jews were shot.

Over the next few weeks, Germans and local collaborators searched for the escaped Jews and about 90 to 100 Jews were killed. A group of 21 Jews, including 7 women, were shot when their hideout near Musteika village was betrayed by a local man. About 46 Jews survived the war, mostly as members of the Kobrowski partisan group, recognized as part of the Davidov brigade of the Soviet partisans in 1943.

Hans Lehmann, who had joined the Nazi Party in 1933, was investigated and it was determined that he was sympathetic to the Jews and allowed them to escape. He was discredited and transferred. In 1943, Jewish partisans derailed a German train east of Białystok. Lehmann was among the captured Germans. He was recognized by one of the escapees from Marcinkonys and executed for his role in the massacre.

title: Marcinkonys Ghetto


text:
Talk:List of cities in Argentina

Untitled
This article needs to say how "city" is defined in Argentina as there is a great deal of variation around the world. CalJW 03:19, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I've seen 2 main standars: 50,000 and 20,000 inhabitants. But then, there are cities (or towns) with less inhabitants that can be more relevant (say, because of tourism) than other bigger ones. For instance, in Río Negro Province, El Bolsón (pop. 15,537) is far better known and relevant than, say Cinco Saltos (pop. 19,819). A rule of thumb could be everything with more than 50 thousands, and other well known places.
 * BTW, should we bold the capitals? Mariano (t/c) 14:56, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

I'd bold the capitals and alphabetize the sublists. Also, the largest cities list may be confusing for the reader since in many cases the population cited is actually the population of the whole metropolitan area. Buenos Aires is set apart, and in other cases there might be no big difference (Rosario and Córdoba are quite fine), but Mendoza and Greater Mendoza are two very different things (Mendoza proper, as defined by municipal boundaries, has only ~120,000 inhabitants). I suggest we tell the reader explicitly what we're referring to, or better, cite both the proper population and the metropolitan one. Maybe also we should move Gran Buenos Aires over its redirect Greater Buenos Aires, no? That seems to be more or less the norm. --Pablo D. Flores (Talk) 01:51, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

Link errors
Links for lists of La Rioja and Cordoba cities link to Spain provinces with the same name. TrentLane 04:47, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

List definition?
As said above, for example article for Mendoza has the population for city around 110,000 and metropolitan area about 850,000. The 1.1 million figure in the list is nowhere in the city article. 85.217.45.223 (talk) 02:44, 25 July 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of cities in Argentina


text:
Constitution of Andorra

The Constitution of Andorra (Constitució d'Andorra) is the supreme law of the Principality of Andorra. It was adopted on 2 February 1993 and given assent by the Andorran people in a referendum on 14 March 1993. According to the Constitution itself, it was to enter into force on the day of its publication in the Butlletí Oficial del Principat d'Andorra, which occurred on 28 April 1993.

The Constitution was signed by Andorra's two co-princes, the President of France, and the Bishop of Urgell, who at that time were François Mitterrand and Joan Martí Alanis respectively. The new constitution stipulates that these two officials are Andorra's heads of state. Indeed, this arrangement has existed for centuries, although at one time, the French king or emperor held the position now held by the French president.

Preamble
The Andorran Constitution's preamble reads :

 * The Andorran People, in their full freedom and independence, and in the exercise of their own sovereignty,

 * Aware of the need to adapt Andorra's Institutions to the new situation arising from the evolution of its geographical, historical, and sociocultural environment, as well as the need, in this new legal framework, to organise the relationships that institutions whose origins are in the pareatges will have to maintain,

 * Convinced of the usefulness of obtaining any likely mechanisms of guaranteeing legal security in the exercise of basic individual rights, which, even if they have always been present in Andorran society and respected thereby, were not the object of true regulation,

 * Having decided to persevere in furthering such values as freedom, justice, democracy and social progress, and to uphold and strengthen Andorra's harmonious relations with the rest of the world, especially with the countries that are its neighbours, on the basis of mutual respect, coexistence, and peace,

 * Being determined to bring their contribution and support to all mankind's common causes, particularly to preserve Earth's integrity and guarantee future generations an adequate environment,

 * Wishing for the motto "Virtus, Unita, Fortior", which has presided over Andorra's peaceful advancement for more than seven hundred years of history, to stay fully alive and always to inspire Andorrans in their deeds,

 * Sovereignly approve this present Constitution.

Andorran sovereignty
Article 1 of the Andorran Constitution lays out the form that the State takes, namely the diarchy with the Bishop of Urgell and the President of France as joint heads of state. It also states the country's official name: Principat d'Andorra. It furthermore states that Andorra's sovereignty lies with its people. It ends by listing Andorra's parishes.

Article 2 states that Andorra's official language is Catalan, and that its national anthem, flag, and coat of arms are "those which tradition has given it". It also says that Andorra la Vella is the country's capital.

Article 3 declares the Constitution to be the supreme Andorran legal standard. It bans arbitrary punishment and recognises the principles of international law. It furthermore says that any international treaties or accords concluded by Andorra are to be incorporated into the country's laws, and may not be modified or abrogated by any law.

Rights and freedoms
Articles 4 to 36 of the Constitution lay out Andorrans' rights and freedoms.

Article 4 recognises the intangibility of human dignity, and therefore guarantees certain inviolable and imprescriptible rights.

Article 5 declares that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is integrated into the country's legal system.

Article 6 declares that all persons are equal before the law, and that it is up to the "public powers" to create conditions that make individuals' equality and freedom real and effective.

Article 7 governs Andorran nationality. Andorrans risk losing their citizenship if they are also nationals of another country.

Article 8 recognises the right to life and protection thereof, forbids torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading punishments, and explicitly forbids the death penalty.

Article 9 covers loss of freedom due to police and judicial action. It explicitly limits the period of police custody to forty-eight hours, after which the accused must be presented to a court.

Article 10 lays out a citizen's rights before the courts, specifically, the right to obtain a decision from the court that is firmly based in law, the right to have a lawyer in court, and the right to have free legal representation in cases where this is necessary.

Article 11 covers freedom of religion, and says that it is an Andorran's right not to declare his religion if he does not want to. On the other hand, there are actually limits placed on the declaration of one's religion in cases where this would threaten public security or violate others' rights. The Roman Catholic Church is also accorded an explicit guarantee to be able to function freely and publicly, and to maintain its special relations with the state "in keeping with Andorran tradition".

Article 12 guarantees freedom of expression, and even freedom to keep professional secrets. Also, censorship and any other means of ideological control by the authorities are forbidden.

Articles 13, 14, and 15 cover marriage, spouses' rights in relation to each other, children's rights in relation to their families, the right to privacy, and the inviolability of an Andorran's home.

Articles 16 and 17 recognise Andorrans' rights to participate in peaceful demonstrations, as long as the authorities are notified beforehand, and to associate freely.

Article 18 states that Andorrans have the right to form professional or trade organizations, as long as they are Andorran in character (i.e., not controlled from abroad) and democratic in nature.

Article 19 gives workers and business owners the right to protect their economic and social interests.

Article 20 covers education. This is guaranteed all Andorrans, and moreover, parents have the right to choose what kind of education that their children will have, in keeping with their own religious convictions.

Article 21 covers movement within Andorra, and exit from and entry to the national territory. Also, it gives Andorrans, and established foreign nationals, the right to make their home in Andorra.

Article 22 lays out foreigners' rights in cases of non-renewal of residency or expulsion order. It says that this can only be done as prescribed by law, and that the foreigner in such a case has recourse to the courts.

Article 23 gives everyone the right to submit a petition to the "public powers".

Articles 24, 25, and 26 spell out Andorrans' political rights, namely the franchise, the right to access to public institutions, and the right to form political parties as long as their activities are legal and they are democratic in nature.

Articles 27 to 36 cover "economic, social, and cultural rights and principles". As might be expected, it forbids Andorrans to be deprived of their property without due process, and it also recognises the right to enterprise in the framework of a market economy. It furthermore also recognises work as every Andorran's right. Also, the State must ensure a system of social security, as well as watch over the wise use of land and natural resources so as to preserve the natural environment for future generations. The State guarantees the conservation and development of Andorran heritage, as well as access thereto.

Andorrans' obligations
Article 37 provides for a fair taxation system. Everyone is supposed to pay whatever their means allow them to pay.

Article 38 allows the State to institute by law forms of "national civic service" in the general interest.

Guarantees of rights and freedoms
Articles 39 to 42 lay out exactly how the aforesaid rights are to be guaranteed in Andorran society. The "public powers'" ability to override these rights is forbidden in some cases, and restricted to changes in government legislation in others. It does also mention, however, that certain rights may be limited in cases of national emergency, such as those brought about by natural disasters or political upheavals, such as war.

The co-princes, the General Council, and the government
Articles 43 to 49 lay out the function of Andorra's two co-princes, the Bishop of Urgell and the President of France.

Articles 50 to 71 relate to the structure and function of the General Council of the Valleys, Andorra's legislative body.

Articles 72 to 78 relate to the government as a whole. For more information on these, see Politics of Andorra.

Territorial organisation
Articles 79 to 84 lay out the function of the communes within Andorra as representatives of the parishes. These are responsible for certain local functions, according to Andorra's Constitution. See Parishes of Andorra.

Justice and the Constitutional Tribunal
Articles 85 to 94 lay out the structure of Andorra's court system. The Judiciary must be independent. Judges serve six-year, renewable terms, and are elected by those with law degrees.

Articles 95 to 104 deal with the Constitutional Tribunal, which is the supreme authority for interpreting the Constitution, and whose decisions are binding on the "public powers" as well as on private individuals.

Constitutional amendment
Unlike some constitutions (the Constitution of Canada, for example), the amendment procedures for Andorra's Constitution, laid out therein, are quite straightforward.

Article 105 says that the initiative for constitutional change may come from the co-princes, jointly, or from one-third of the members of the General Council.

Article 106 requires a two-thirds majority in favour in the General Council for an amendment to be adopted. It must then forthwith be put to a referendum for ratification.

Article 107 requires the ministerial formality of the co-princes' sanction of the new amendment once the requirements of Article 106 have been satisfied (they have no power to overturn an amendment).

title: Constitution of Andorra


text:
Bellamy

Bellamy or variation may refer to:

Places

 * Bellamy, Alabama, USA
 * Bellamy, Missouri, USA
 * Bellamy, Virginia, USA
 * Bellamy River, New Hampshire, USA

People

 * Bellamy (surname), people with the surname Bellamy
 * Bellamy Young, actress from the ABC hit show Scandal
 * François-Xavier Bellamy, French politician, Member of the European Parliament

Fictional entities

 * Bellamy (One Piece), a character from Eiichirō Oda's manga One Piece
 * Elizabeth Bellamy, a fictional character in Upstairs, Downstairs
 * Hazel Bellamy, a fictional character in Upstairs, Downstairs
 * Howard Bellamy (Doctors), a character from the British soap opera Doctors
 * Lady Marjorie Bellamy, a fictional character in Upstairs, Downstairs
 * Bellamy Blake, a character from The 100 TV series

Other art, entertainment, and media

 * Bellamy (film), a 2009 French film by Claude Chabrol
 * Bellamy (TV series), Australian crime drama
 * The Bellamy Brothers, an American country group most popular in the 1970s and 1980s

Other uses

 * Bellamy salute (U.S. Pledge of Allegiance)
 * Bellamy's, the catering service of the New Zealand Parliament

title: Bellamy


text:
List of nicknames used in cricket

Cricket has a rich tradition of using nicknames. This is a list of nicknames used in international cricket.

Officials, umpires and commentators

 * Jonathan Agnew – Spiro, Aggers
 * Harold Bird – Dickie
 * Henry Blofeld – Blowers
 * Billy Bowden – Billy
 * Steve Bucknor – Slow Death Bucknor
 * Bill Frindall – Bearded Wonder, Bearders
 * Robin Jackman – Jackers
 * Brian Johnston – Johnners
 * Mpumelelo Mbangwa – Pommie
 * Christopher Martin-Jenkins – CMJ
 * Don Mosey – The Alderman
 * Ashish Nehra – Nehra Ji
 * David Shepherd – Shep
 * Alan Wilkins – Wilko

Supporters

 * An organised group of Australian cricket team supporters – The Fanatics
 * An organised group of English cricket team supporters – Barmy Army
 * An organised group of Irish cricket team supporters ― Blarney Army
 * An organised group of New Zealand cricket team supporters – The Beige Brigade
 * An organised group of Indian cricket team supporters – Bharat Army

Players
Following is arranged according to last names.

A

 * Paul Adams - Gogga (Afrikaans nickname, which means 'insect')
 * Shahid Afridi – Boom Boom Afridi, Lala
 * Jonathan Agnew – Aggers, Spiro
 * Mushtaq Ahmed – Mushie, Jaadugar
 * Saeed Ajmal – The Magician, Saeed Bhai
 * Shoaib Akhtar – Rawalpindi Express
 * Wasim Akram – Sultan of Swing
 * Terry Alderman - The Smiling Assassin, Clem (after Clem Jones, alderman and mayor of Brisbane, curator of The Gabba)
 * James Anderson – The Burnley Lara, The Burnley Express
 * Warwick Armstrong – Big Ship
 * Geoff Arnold – Horse
 * Mohammad Ashraful – Matin
 * Ravichandran Ashwin – Ash, Anna
 * Mike Atherton – Athers, FEC, Cockroach, Dready, Iron Mike
 * Babar Azam – Bobby Badshah,

B

 * Trevor Bailey – The Boil, Barnacle
 * David Bairstow - Bluey
 * Jonny Bairstow – YJB
 * Omari Banks – Bankie
 * Eddie Barlow – Bunter
 * Gareth Batty – Boris, Nora
 * Michael Beer – Frothy
 * Ian Bell – Belly, The Sherminator
 * Richie Benaud – Diamonds
 * Travis Birt – Edgar
 * Allan Border – AB, Captain Grumpy
 * Ian Botham – Beefy, Guy the Gorilla
 * Geoffrey Boycott – Fiery, Boycs, Thatch
 * Don Bradman – The Don
 * Dwayne Bravo – DJ
 * Mike Brearley – Brears, Scagg
 * Stuart Broad – Westlife
 * Katherine Brunt – Brunty, Nunny
 * Jasprit Bumrah – Boom
 * Mark Butcher – Butch, Baz

C

 * Andy Caddick – Des, Shack, Wingnut
 * Yuzvendra Chahal – Yuzi
 * Shivnarine Chanderpaul – Tiger, Tigerpaul The Chanderwall
 * Ian Chappell – Chappelli
 * Roston Chase – Youngross
 * Dan Christian – Dan the Man
 * Michael Clarke – Pup, Clarkey
 * Herbie Collins – Horseshoe
 * Alastair Cook – Chef, Captain Cook
 * Learie Constantine – Electric Heels
 * Mark Cosgrove – Cossy, Baby-Boof
 * John Crawley – Creepy
 * Colin Croft – Bomber
 * Kate Cross – Crossy
 * Martin Crowe – Hogan
 * Pat Cummins – Patto, Cummo

D

 * Nida Dar – Lady Boom Boom
 * Ian Davis – Wizard
 * Phillip DeFreitas – Daffy
 * A. B. de Villiers – ABD, Mr. 360°
 * Peter Denning – Dasher
 * Kapil Dev – The Haryana Hurricane
 * Ted Dexter – Lord Ted
 * Shikhar Dhawan – Gabbar
 * M. S. Dhoni – Thala, MSD, Mahi, Captain Cool
 * Graham Dilley – Pica, Dill
 * Michael Di Venuto – Diva
 * Basil D'Oliveira – Dolly, Bas
 * Allan Donald – White Lightning
 * Brett Dorey – Behemoth
 * Deandra Dottin – World Boss
 * J. W. H. T. Douglas – Johnny Won't Hit Today
 * Rahul Dravid – The Wall, Jammy
 * K. S. Duleepsinhji – Duleep Mr Smith
 * Sophia Dunkley – Dunks
 * Mignon du Preez – Minx

E

 * Phil Edmonds – Goat, Henry
 * Charlotte Edwards – Lottie, Chief
 * Fidel Edwards – Castro
 * Matthew Elliott – Herb
 * John Emburey – Embers, Ernie, Knuckle
 * Farokh Engineer - Rooky, Brylcreem Boy, Dikra Farookh
 * Sean Ervine – Slug, Siuc

F

 * Imran Farhat – Romi
 * James Faulkner – The Finisher
 * Steven Finn – The Watford Wall
 * Andre Fletcher – The Spice Man
 * Andrew Flintoff – Freddie
 * Graeme Fowler – Foxy
 * Peter Fulton – Two-metre Peter

G

 * Gautam Gambhir – Gauti
 * Sourav Ganguly – Prince of Kolkata, God of Offside, Dada
 * Joel Garner – Big Bird
 * Mike Gatting – Fat Gatt
 * Sunil Gavaskar – Little master, Sunny
 * Chris Gayle – World Boss, Mr. T20, Universe Boss,
 * Herschelle Gibbs – Scooter
 * Eddie Gilbert – Fast Eddie
 * Adam Gilchrist – Gilly, Churchy
 * Ashley Giles – Gilo, Skinny, Splash, The King of Spain, Wheelie Bin
 * Jason Gillespie – Dizzy
 * David Gower – Stoat
 * W. G. Grace – W. G., The Doctor
 * Rebecca Grundy – Grunners, Carol
 * Umar Gul – Guldozer
 * Asanka Gurusinha – Gura

H

 * Brad Haddin – BJ, Hadds
 * Richard Hadlee – Paddles
 * Mohammad Hafeez – Professor, Professor of Sargodha
 * Alex Hales – Baz
 * Haseeb Hameed – Baby Boycott
 * Steve Harmison – Harmy, GBH (Grievous Bodily Harmison)
 * Chris Harris – Lugs
 * M J Harris – Pasty
 * Ryan Harris – Ryano
 * Chris Hartley – Hannibal
 * Ian Harvey – Harvs, The Freak
 * Shane Harwood – Stickers
 * John Hastings – The Duke
 * Nathan Hauritz – Ritzy
 * Matthew Hayden – Haydos, Big Fish
 * Rachael Haynes – Des, Dessie
 * George Headley – Black Bradman
 * Alyssa Healy – Midge
 * Hunter Hendry – Stork
 * Ben Hilfenhaus – Hilfy
 * Jack Hobbs – The Master
 * Brad Hodge – Hodgey, Dodgeball
 * Matthew Hoggard – Oggie
 * Michael Holding – Whispering Death
 * James Hopes – Catfish
 * A. N. Hornby – Monkey, The Boss
 * Merv Hughes – Fruitfly
 * Nasser Hussain – Nashwan
 * David Hussey – Huss, Bomber, Junior Mr. Cricket
 * Michael Hussey – Mr Cricket, Huss

I

 * Inzamam-ul-Haq – Inzi
 * Bert Ironmonger – Dainty
 * Tamim Iqbal – Dot Baba

J

 * Ravindra Jadeja – Jaddu, Rockstar, Sir Jadeja
 * Phil Jaques – Pro
 * Douglas Jardine – The Iron Duke
 * Sanath Jayasuriya – Matara Mauler
 * Mahela Jayawardene – Maiya
 * Gilbert Jessop – The Croucher
 * Mitchell Johnson – Midge, Notch
 * Jess Jonassen – JJ
 * Ernie Jones – Jonah
 * Simon Jones – Horse

K

 * Mohammad Kaif – Kaifu
 * Romesh Kaluwitharana – Little Kalu, Little Dynamite
 * Danish Kaneria – Nani-Danny
 * Marizanne Kapp – Kappie
 * Chamara Kapugedera – Kapu
 * Dinesh Karthik – DK
 * Michael Kasprowicz – Kasper
 * Simon Katich – Kat
 * Justin Kemp – Kempie
 * Robert Key – Keysy
 * Imran Khan – The Lion of Lahore
 * Zaheer Khan – Zak
 * Usman Khawaja – Uzzie, Captain Grumpy
 * Delissa Kimmince – DK
 * Michael Klinger – Maxy
 * Lance Klusener - Zulu
 * Heather Knight – Trev
 * Alan Knott – Knotty, Flea
 * Bhuvneshwar Kumar - Bhuvi,
 * Virat Kohli – Cheeku, King Kohli
 * Anil Kumble – Apple, Jumbo

L

 * Allan Lamb – Legga, Lambie
 * Justin Langer – Alfie, JL
 * Meg Lanning – Megastar, Serious Sally
 * Brian Lara – The Prince of Port of Spain
 * Gavin Larsen – The Postman
 * V. V. S. Laxman – Very Very Special
 * Bill Lawry – Phantom
 * Geoff Lawson – Henry
 * Darren Lehmann – Boof
 * Brett Lee – Bing, Binga, The Speedster,
 * H. D. G. Leveson Gower – Shrimp
 * Dennis Lillee – FOT
 * Clive Lloyd – Super Cat
 * David Lloyd – Bumble
 * Chris Lynn – Lynnsanity, Bash Brother

M

 * Charles Macartney – Governor-General
 * Stuart MacGill – Mac, Magilla
 * Ken Mackay – Slasher
 * Farveez Maharoof – Fara
 * Jimmy Maher – Mahbo
 * Sajid Mahmood – Saj, King
 * Lasith Malinga – Malinga The Slinga, The Yorker King
 * Ashley Mallett – Rowdy
 * Vic Marks – Skid, Speedy
 * Charles Marriott – Father
 * Mitchell Marsh – Bison
 * Geoff Marsh – Swampy
 * Rod Marsh – Iron Gloves, Bacchus
 * Shaun Marsh – SOS
 * Frederick Martin – Nutty
 * Damien Martyn – Marto
 * Lloyd Mash – Bangers
 * Khaled Mashud – Pilot
 * Angelo Mathews – Angie, Superman, Jocka
 * Greg Matthews – Mo
 * Glenn Maxwell – Big Show, Maxi/Maxy
 * Stan McCabe – Napper
 * Brendon McCullum – Bash Brother
 * Glenn McGrath – Pigeon, Millard
 * Graham McKenzie – Garth
 * Brian McMillan – Big Mac
 * Craig McMillan – Macca
 * Colin Miller – Funky
 * Keith Miller – Nugget
 * Misbah-ul-Haq – Lone warrior, Tuk tuk, Man of Crisis
 * Amit Mishra – Mishi
 * Dave Mohammed – Tadpole
 * Beth Mooney – Moons
 * Roberta Moretti Avery – Big Mom
 * Chris Morris – Tipo
 * John Morrison – Mystery
 * Mashrafe Mortaza – Norail Express, Koushik
 * Muttiah Muralitharan – Murali
 * Tim Murtagh – Dial M
 * Phil Mustard – Colonel
 * Mustafizur Rahman - The Fizz

N

 * Mohammad Nabi – The President
 * André Nel – Nella, Gunther
 * Mfuneko Ngam – Chew
 * Paul Nixon – Badger, Nico
 * Monty Noble – Mary Ann
 * Ashley Noffke – Noffers
 * Marcus North – Snork
 * Makhaya Ntini – George, Mdingi Express

O

 * Iain O'Brien – Ober
 * Chris Old – Chilly
 * Kerry O'Keeffe – Skull
 * Bill O'Reilly – Tiger

P

 * Milford Page – Curly
 * Shikha Pandey – Shikhipedia
 * Monty Panesar – The Mont-ster, Python, The Beard to be Feared, The Sikh of Tweak
 * Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi – Tiger
 * Jeetan Patel – Dave
 * Ellyse Perry – Pez
 * Kevin Pietersen – K. P., Kelvin, Kelv, Kapes
 * Liam Plunkett – Pudsy
 * Pat Pocock – Percy
 * Kieron Pollard – Polly
 * Peter Pollock – Pooch, The Big Dog
 * Shaun Pollock – Polly
 * Ricky Ponting – Punter
 * Matt Prior – The Cheese

R

 * Mustafizur Rahman – Fizz
 * Suresh Raina – Mr. IPL, Chinna Thala
 * Mark Ramprakash – Ramps
 * Arjuna Ranatunga – Captain Cool
 * Derek Randall – Arkle, Rags
 * K. S. Ranjitsinhji – Ranji
 * Matt Renshaw – The Turtle
 * Viv Richards – Smokin Joe, Smokey, King Viv, The Emperor, The Master Blaster
 * Greg Ritchie – Fat Cat
 * Raymond Robertson-Glasgow – Crusoe
 * Andrew Symonds - roy

S

 * Megan Schutt – Schutter/Shooter
 * Virender Sehwag – Viru, Multan ka Sultan, Nawab of Najafgarh
 * Mohammad Shahzad – Mahi, M. S., Shazi
 * Rohit Sharma – Hit-Man, Shana, 264
 * Sandeep Sharma – Sandy
 * Anya Shrubsole – Hoof
 * Jack Simmons – Flat Jack, Simmo
 * Harbhajan Singh – Bhajji, Turbanator
 * Mandeep Singh – Mandy
 * Yuvraj Singh –Yuvi, Prince
 * E J Smith – Tiger
 * Steve Smith – Smithy, Smudge, GOD
 * Fred Spofforth – The Demon
 * Alec Stewart – The Gaffer
 * Andrew Strauss – Lord Brocket, Straussy, Levi, Muppet, Johann, Mare Man

T

 * Hugh Tayfield – Toey
 * Brian Taylor – Tonker
 * Mark Taylor – Tubby
 * Ross Taylor – Rosco, Pallekelle Plunderer
 * Sachin Tendulkar – The God of Cricket, Little Master, Bombay Bomber, Tendlya
 * Shardul Thakur - Lord Shardul, Lord
 * Jeff Thomson – Thommo, Two-Up
 * Marcus Trescothick – Tresco, Banger
 * Fred Trueman – Fiery
 * Phil Tufnell – Tuffers, The Cat
 * Alan Turner – Fitteran
 * Charles Turner – The Terror
 * Frank Tyson – Typhoon

U

 * Derek Underwood – Deadly

W

 * Max Walker – Tangles
 * Georgia Wareham – Wolfie
 * Shane Warne – Warnie, The King of Spin, The Sheikh of Tweak,
 * Pelham Warner – Plum
 * Mark Waugh – Afghan - the forgotten Waugh, Junior
 * Steve Waugh – Tugga
 * Jack White – Farmer
 * Kane Williamson - The King
 * Bob Willis – Goose, Dylan, Harold, Swordfish
 * Paul Wilson – Blocker
 * Lauren Winfield – Loz
 * Chris Woakes – Wizard
 * Danni Wyatt – Waggy

Y

 * Suryakumar Yadav – SKY
 * Bruce Yardley – Roo

Z

 * Monde Zondeki – All Hands

title: List of nicknames used in cricket


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Taxi (TV series)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy keep as invalid nom. FCYTravis 05:18, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Taxi (TV series)
This article is too stupid to be an encyclopedia article. Educational rating of ZERO. Only Americans are familiar to that show205.188.116.8 03:20, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep. Bad faith and waste-of-time nomination. You gotta be kidding me. 23skidoo 03:29, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep as per 23skidoo. isn't there a policy regarding ludicrous anon ip nominations? Anetode 03:31, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. What I want to know is, if we all agree to ignore these B.S. nominations and not even vote for them ... would these legitimate articles end up getting deleted by default? 23skidoo 03:35, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Probably not, an editor would probably re-open the nomination for lack of response. Nevertheless, speedy keep.  I can't assume good faith; this is a bad faith nomination. --Metropolitan90 04:07, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep -- ( ☺ drini ♫ | ☎ ) 03:32, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep -- and give the nominator a warning. --Mysidia (talk) 03:41, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, per 23skiddo and agree with Mysidia. >: Roby Wayne  Talk •  Hist 03:57, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, obviously. I think this is the same anonymous user (different IP though) who nominated WKRP in Cincinnati and 21 Jump Street last Thursday, both of which were kept. Also Laverne & Shirley above. Probably a nuisance nomination. ♠DanMS 03:55, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep. Taxi was on in Australia. Andy Kaufman and Danny DeVito rose to prominence on the show and it won 18 Emmys. We need a process to stop anonymous users from wasting everyones time in votes such as these while still allowing them to notify of things worthy of consideration for deletion. Capitalistroadster 04:33, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * speedy keep this too please we do not allow anonymous deletions sorry Yuckfoo 04:39, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Category:Adult album alternative radio stations

A listing of radio stations that broadcast an adult album alternative format.


text:
Dean Leacock

Dean Leacock (born 10 June 1984) is an English former professional footballer. He was primarily a centre-back, but could play as a right back or defensive midfielder.

Fulham
Born in Croydon, London, Leacock signed his first professional contract on a three-year deal. At the time, he was known as an up-and-coming central defender, tipped by many to become the new Rio Ferdinand. Leacock made his professional debut as an eighteen-year-old for Fulham in a League Cup defeat against Wigan Athletic on 4 December 2002. After playing in another League Cup defeat by Wigan on 23 September 2003, Leacock made his Premier League debut in a 2–0 win over Blackburn Rovers on 28 September 2003. He made four consecutive league appearances for Fulham before his run in the team was cut short when he tore knee ligaments in the pre-match warm up before Fulham's 3–1 over Manchester United on 25 October 2003. The injury ruled him out for the season. Despite the injury, Leacock signed a new deal with Fulham until 2006.

Leacock returned to fitness in time for the start of the 2004–05 season. On 10 September 2004, he joined Coventry City on a loan for a month, in a deal that was later extended to the end of the year. He made his debut for Coventry in a 3–0 defeat by Leeds United on 11 September 2004. He made 1 cup and 8 league appearances for Coventry before injury prompted an early return to Fulham. He returned to Coventry on loan in January 2005 and made a further 5 league and 2 cup appearances before his spell with the club was again cut short by injury. Leacock then made 5 league and 2 cup appearances for Fulham during the 2005–06 season, signing a new contract at the end of the season.

In July 2006, Leacock was poised to join League One side Swansea City in a £375,000 deal, but the deal collapsed at the last minute. However, on 10 August 2006, it was announced that he would join Derby County in a £375,000 transfer.

Derby County
Leacock made his Derby debut in a 2–1 win over Hull City on 12 August 2006. He was a regular first team player in his first season at the East Midlands club, playing 38 league games and playing in all 3 games of the Championship playoffs as Derby were promoted to the Premiership as playoff winners.

Leacock played his first Premier League game for Derby on 18 August 2007, in a 4–0 defeat by Tottenham Hotspur. In what would be a disastrous season for Derby that would end in relegation, Leacock played 26 League games, captaining Derby for the first time in a 2–1 defeat by Liverpool on 26 December 2007 and scoring an own goal in a 2–2 draw against his former employers Fulham on 29 March 2008.

Leacock was out of the first team picture at the start of the 2008/09 season with manager Paul Jewell telling Leacock he would listen to any offers for him. However, following Derby's disappointing start to the season, and with the retirement of Derby captain Alan Stubbs, he found himself brought back into the first eleven, and taken off the transfer list. He made his first appearance of the season in a 1–0 defeat by Southampton on 23 August 2008. Leacock subsequently started seven of Derby's eight game unbeaten run that took them from the bottom of the table to within reach of the playoffs by the start of October, forming a good partnership with Martin Albrechtsen. On 18 October 2008 he was rewarded with a new contract to keep him at the club until 2012. After suffering a hamstring injury in Derby's 4–1 League Cup win over Brighton on 4 November 2008, Leacock went on to miss the rest of the season, and was ultimately out for eight months through hamstring and pelvis injuries that at times left him unable to walk.

Leacock made his first appearance of the 2009/10 season in a 1–0 defeat by Sheffield United on 12 September 2009. He went on to play 12 out of 17 league games, before bruising his kneecap in a 2–1 defeat against Doncaster Rovers on 12 December 2009. After sitting out three games as a precaution, Leacock was ruled out for four to six weeks. After undergoing knee surgery, his comeback was delayed until the end of February and he returned to full training and reserve team action at the start of March. Leacock returned to first team action on 16 March, coming on as a substitute in a 2–2 draw against Middlesbrough, making two more substitute appearances before starting his first game in over three months, in a 1–0 win over Leicester City on 27 March. In Derby's next game, against Coventry City a week later, Leacock was forced off at half time with knee ligament damage, and was ruled out for the rest of the season.

Leacock returned to full training in time for Derby's pre-season campaign and started the 2010/11 season as Derby's first choice centre back (alongside Shaun Barker) and played the full 90 minutes of each of the opening eight league and cup games of the campaign, even notching the first goal of his 9$1⁄2$ year senior career, on 18 September 2010, against Barnsley at Oakwell in a 1–1 draw. He made his 100th career league appearance in a 5–0 win over Crystal Palace on 25 September 2010 but sustained a hamstring injury which ruled him out for several weeks. He returned to the first team ahead of schedule on 16 October 2010, reuniting with Barker at the heart of the Derby defence as they ran out 3–0 winners over Preston North End. Leacock held his place in the team over the next two months but came in for severe criticism from Derby manager Nigel Clough after his performance in a 5–2 defeat by local rivals Nottingham Forest. After this, Leacock made only three starts over the next 12 months before it was announced that had left the club by mutual consent and was set to sign for League One side Leyton Orient.

Leyton Orient
On 14 January 2012, Leacock joined League One side Leyton Orient on a contract until the end of the 2011–12 season.

Notts County
On 26 June 2012, Leacock joined League One side Notts County on a two-year contract. He made his first competitive appearance in a 2–1 win over Crewe Alexandra.

Crawley Town
Leacock joined Crawley Town on 17 July 2014, after the expiration of his contract with Notts County.

Whitehawk
Leacock joined Whitehawk on 2 October 2015, after Crawley failed to renew his initial one-year contract deal, making his debut in a 6–0 home win against St. Albans City the following day.

title: Dean Leacock


text: Category:Classic rock radio stations

title: Category:Classic rock radio stations


text:
John Harris (Australian settler)

John Harris (1754 – April 1838) was a military surgeon, naval officer and landowner, who arrived in New South Wales on the second fleet and ultimately became one of the major landowners in New South Wales, Australia.

Early life
John Harris, who was the son of John and Ann Harris was born in 1754 on the Moy McIlmurry farm in Moneymore, County Londonderry, Ireland. Harris lived a prosperous life, with his family working as tenant farmers on the Salters Company which received a grant from the Crown in 1611. In Harris’ early schooling years, he was taught Latin, mathematics and classics, however, there was no evidence in any higher education except studying at the University of Edinburgh for a medical profession.

In 1789, an opportunity arose for Harris to join the 102nd army regiment and travel to New South Wales on the Second Fleet and included an instant promotion. Harris agreed to the opportunity and was immediately promoted to Surgeon. The Second Fleet was a stressful voyage due to sickness and loss of life and Harris was caught in disputes between officers and masters of the Neptune.

Profession
Harris was a surgeon, naval officer and a landowner. Harris studied a medical degree at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland in 1782 and later on became a surgeon in the British Navy in Indian Waters until 1788. In 1789, Harris was appointed as a surgeon with the NSW Corps. Harris was promoted in 1791and was later made magistrate and given responsibility of the police establishment in September 1800.

Up until the 1800, Harris worked as a surgeon and farmer, then becoming an administrative assistant due to his diligence and devotion to his line of work. Harris became the Naval Officer after moving to Sydney in the 1800s and served as a police magistrate for Sydney. In 1801, Harris was ranked up as a Naval Officer, succeeding Surgeon William Balmain.

Harris won the admiration and respect from Governor Philip Gidley King from his participation in the liquor trade and was nominated by the Governor as an administrative assistant. Governor Philip Gidley King was the third governor of New South Wales and was in close contact with John Harris and ultimately described Harris as one of the most respectable and intelligent gentleman after his help with the liquor trade and was made the deputy judge advocate.

Community activity
Harris participated in the community in addition to his role as a surgeon. Harris involved himself in road construction in addition to serving as a Naval Officer. As a Naval Officer, Harris communicated with ship masters, implemented port regulations and collected bond. In the 1800s, Harris became a police magistrate in Sydney and became a target of a force that resented an old elite he represented. Harris was active in the Goal and Orphan Committee and accompanied James Grant in exploring the William's and Paterson Rivers in 1801. Harris also participated in the Gaol and Orphan Committee in addition to exploring the Hunter River with Francis Barrallier, a French explorer in 1801.

In the later months of 1801, Harris accompanied James Grant, a naval officer, Lieutenant Colonel William Paterson and artist John Lewin to further investigate the Hunter River and Port Steven's in the Lady Nelson. Harris was additionally involved in establishing the Bank of New South Wales and was elected as one of the first directors in February 1817.

Harris community activities, specifically helping with the liquor trade won the admiration and respect from Governor Philip Gidley King and was employed as a deputy judge advocate in courts martial.

Late life
Harris arrived in New South Wales as a surgeon's mate on the Surprize charter, one of the six ships arriving as a part of the second fleet in 1790. During his time in New South Wales, he played a very active role in his community by growing in his profession and purchasing land.

Due to the extent of the number of civil responsibilities Harris held, he became involved with traders and officers and was asked by Lieutenant Colonel William Patterson to be relieved of his duties that conflicted with his military duties. Harris actions as a Naval Officer included reporting private conversations from the King about his dissatisfaction of the military and this led to Harris being charged with ungentlemanlike conduct and faced an additional court martial six months later for supposedly disclosing voting actions. Harris was acquitted in both occasions and was debarred from the civil office and was not up until 1804 that Harris was reinstated as a Naval Officer and was later re-sworn as a magistrate and supervisor of the police force.

In 1807, Harris was dismissed as a Naval Officer and from the bench by Governor William Bligh which lead to Harris becoming a bitter opponent of Governor William Bligh, portraying him as "avaricious, dishonest and tyrannical" and his hostility towards Bligh won't back the military officers who was espoused in the Rum Rebellion. However, Major George Johnston reinstated Harris as a magistrate in January 1808, however Johnston was quick to lose favour in Harris from his criticism of John Macarthur, a pioneer of the wool industry. Johnston dismissed Harris again in April 1808 and Harris was ordered to London to deliver the rebel case against the British government, however, Harris pleaded sick and in January 1809, he was appointed once again as a magistrate. Harris left for England and Ireland in April 1809 for two years and returned accompanied by his newly wedded wife, 25 year old Eliza Jones, which married at the Covent Garden's.

In 1814, Harris resigned and returned to Port Jackson with his wife Eliza Jones and became a private settler. Harris kept his properties in control and devoted the final years of his life farming and stock raising while actively being involved in public affairs and served in many committees, including supporting the establishment of the Bank of New South Wales and became one of the first directors. In 1819, he participated on John Oxley's Bathurst expedition as a surgeon. Within the same year of participating in John Oxley's expedition, he was once again elected as a magistrate.

In 1830s, Harris developed a hip problem which confined him to a wheelchair and he dropped out of community activities and began managing his pastoral and agricultural holdings and worked until his death on 27 April 1838.

Landholdings
In April 1793, John Harris was granted 100 acre located in Parramatta and later bought a farm from James Ruse, a freed convict to build what is now known as the Experiment Farm Cottage. In 1804, John Harris expanded his developments and built himself a two-storey residence, known as the Ultimo House that consisted of 233 acres by 1818 with the assistant of architect Francis Greenway. By the end of a century, Harris owned 315 and 205 acre were purchased himself. Harris had acquired more than 431 number of stock, placing him within the foremost officer farmers.

Harris’ close relation with the King granted him a new house on a 34-acre land in Ultimo-Pyrmont Peninsula and three grants making him the landowner of almost the entire area of Ultimo and Pyrmont. This enabled him to build his estate which he further developed and expanded throughout many years.

Ultimo House
The Ultimo House was built for surgeon John Harris in 1804, a two-storey residence overlooking Blackwattle Creek and Cockle Bay. The Ultimo House became the oldest standing house in Sydney in 1932 and was used by Harris for small scale farming, however, it was predominantly for show, rather than production purposes. The Ultimo House was treated by Harris as a country seat by transforming its landscape into an English-style parkland with imported Indian deer.

In 1835, Harris purchased a land which he built his bungalow, the Experiment Farm Cottage in Harris Park with the purpose of proving that a new settler could easily provide for its family with very little assistance and this building still stands to this day.

In 1808, Harris organised a dinner at the Ultimo House with officers that were opposed to Governor William Bligh. This dinner party hosted by Harris was the dinner that attracted conspirators to return to Sydney to arrest Governor William Bligh in what was to be known as the Rum Rebellion.

Harris returned to his Ultimo House with his newly wedded wife Eliza Jones and commissioned Francis Greenway, an architect that arrived to New South Wales as a convict in 1814 on the General Hewitt ship.

Harris lived in the Ultimo House until 1821, which he then leased the property to Edward Riley, an Australian politician, in 1821–1824, followed by Judge John Steven and John Edye Manning, a registrar of the Supreme Court of NSW. Before the demolition of the Ultimo House in 1932, it was located on a 34-acre land that was given by the Governor Philip Gidley King in 1803.

Although this house was used as residence, during the mid-1850s, it was employed by the Australian Washing Association for laundry.

It was once again leased to James Wallach, a wool broker in 1858 before being occupied by the members of the Harris family, first occupying the Ultimo House by Mary Ann Harris, then George Harris, John Harris' nephew. By late 1890s, the estate was subdivided, leaving three acres behind. George Harris renovated the Ultimo House prior to a fire in the 1870s by adding three additional turreted towers.

Rum Rebellion
The overthrow of Governor William Bligh became known as the Rum Rebellion as the NSW Corps was heavily involved in the trade of rum. The Rum Rebellion was an act to depose Governor William Bligh by local critics. Before Harris attracted conspirators to arrest Bligh, Bligh accused the corps of corruption and ineptitude and the act that led to the rebellion was Bligh's arrest of John Macarthur, who was a former corps officer and leading entrepreneur. The Rum Rebellion was considered significant as it was the only time in Australian history that the Australian Government was overthrown by the military.

The Australian Washing Association
The Australian Washing Association utilised the Ultimo House as its Sydney laundry washing location. It was advertised that their washing house at Ultimo House was fitted with both hot and cold water, with articles notifying the public their service of washing from Monday to Wednesday and delivering clean fresh clothes back on Thursday to Saturday.

Experiment Farm Cottage
The Experiment Farm Cottage is located at 9 Ruse Street, Harris Park, NSW 2150, county of Cumberland. Harris was granted 100 acres in Parramatta and purchased an additional farm from James Ruse, a freed convict in 1798 and this land became the home of the Experiment Farm Cottage. The Experiment Farm Cottage was built by Harris in c1835 to mimic an Indian style Bungalow that shows a new settler such as himself could start a life and family with minimal assistance. The Experiment Farm Cottage remained in the Harris family until 1923 and was then subdivided and sold.

The Experiment Farm Cottage has a symmetrical front with a low hipped roof covering its verandah with a 6 panelled entrance door and sidelights surrounding the exterior. The cottage sits on a small garden filled with lemon scented gum (Corymbia citriodora), jacaranda's (Jacaranda mimosifolia), fruit trees and cottage plants.

John Harris owned a total of 315 acres of land, and acquired 431 number of stock and possessions. Harris became the property owner of the Shane's Park estate, Experiment Farm, Ultimo Farm, Ultimo House and Ultimo Estate.

The Experiment Farm Cottage has been furnished by the National Trust of Australia in the early 200s to reflect Harris' home with the use of evidence from old paintings, sketches and photographs to create the best representation of the cottage. The Experiment Farm Cottage has become one of Australia's oldest properties and features a sketch and watercolour by British artist, Conrad Martens.

Legacy
John Harris died on 27 April 1838, leaving approximately £150,000 worth of property. In Harris’ will, it was stated his estate to be inherited by his Irish relatives while his Parramatta farm was to be left to his brother William Harris’ son, Thomas Harris. This property later became the Sydney Technical College and was demolished in 1932. Thomas Harris inherited the Experiment Farm in 1838 and began farming and breeding horses before dying in 1870.

Experiment Farm Cottage
In recognition of his devotion and time to communities of New South Wales, Harris was ultimately given the Ultimo Estate while his property Experiment Farm Cottage is kept as a part of New South Wales historical precinct which allowed members of the community to access the site for leisure and educational purposes. This precinct also includes the Hambledon Cottage, Elizabeth Farm and the Queen's Wharf. The Experiment Farm Cottage is now a museum located in Harris Park for the community to explore and embrace stories of past settlers.

Harris resided at the Experiment Farm Cottage until his death in 1836 and the property was left with his family until 1921 which the land was divided and Harris Park was established. In 1961, the land was the first land that was acquired by the National Trust of Australia (NSW) and was restored and furnished with colonial pieces and became open to the public. It also became the first house museum that focused on Australian colonial furnitures.

The Experiment Farm Cottage is now refurnished with paintings, catalogues and photographs to reflect Harris home with an addition of colonial furnitures.

Ultimo
Ultimo was named after Harris’, which the land is now occupied by the University of Technology Sydney in addition to Harris Park, a suburb in Greater Western Sydney and Mount Harris in New South Wales.

Ultimo House
The Ultimo House was pressured by the Board of Technical Education to be opened to public in 1883 after Harris death. It was suggested that the Board of Technical Education to purchase 3.5 acres of Harris' land to develop and build a new Technical College. However, this was initially rejected by Joseph Currathers, the Minister of Public Instruction, though, the land was still purchased in 1891 and two high schools, a technical college and a technical museum was built.

By 1910, the technical college expanded twice its size, occupying the entire block, including the Ultimo House and an additional two acres of garden. This site was used by students as a lunch and recreational area and the Ultimo House itself was used as a classroom to teach dressmaking, millinery, flower making, veterinary science and agriculture. However, the stables ad coach house were demolished and transformed into classrooms teaching bricklaying, plastering, masonry, drawing and design. The transformation of the Utimo House was supervised by James Nangle, the head of an architect department.

However, by November 1932, the Ultimo House was demolished once again for the expansion of the Technical College, a new electrical engineering building.

title: John Harris (Australian settler)


text:
Elijah Churchill

Elijah Churchill (September 5, 1755 – April 11, 1841) was a soldier for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.

Early life
Elijah Churchill was born on September 5, 1755, in Newington, Connecticut. His father was named Giles.

Military career
Churchill entered the 8th Connecticut Regiment as a private on 7 July 1775. On 7 May 1777, he re-enlisted for the duration of the war as a corporal in the 2nd Continental Light Dragoons, later the 2nd Legionary Corps, and was promoted to sergeant on 2 October 1780. He was cited for gallantry in action at Fort St. George near Brookhaven, New York on Long Island, in November 1780, at Tarrytown, New York, in July 1781, and at Fort Slongo (now known as Fort Salonga, also on Long Island) on October 2, 1781. He was awarded the Badge of Military Merit for his actions, one of only three soldiers to receive the award.

Later life and death
Once the American Revolutionary War was completed, Churchill moved to Massachusetts. In 1784 he lived in Enfield. He died on April 11, 1841.

title: Elijah Churchill


text: Category:Oldies radio stations

title: Category:Oldies radio stations


text:
Lucius Cassius Hemina

Lucius Cassius Hemina (fl. mid-2nd centuryBC) was a Roman historian.

Life
Little is known of his life. He apparently composed his annals in the period between the death of Terence and the revolution of the Gracchi.

Work
L. Cassius Hemina is principally known for his Annals (Annales) or History of Rome, which were composed in Latin and comprised four books. His account ran from the city's legendary origins up to 146 BC.

Hemina's annals include the earliest account concerning the bravery of G. Mucius Scaevola. He also described the arrival in Rome of the Greek physician Archagathus.

The fragments of Hemina's works have been edited by Peter in Historicorum Romanorum Fragmenta and more recently in a separate edition with commentary by Carlo Santini.

title: Lucius Cassius Hemina


text:
User talk:Arker

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Pharos 03:22, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Stand Watie
Hi! Welcome to Wikipedia. I noticed your recent edit on Stand Watie. My sources say that Watie's mother, Susanna Reese was part-English. Do you have a specific source, other than her name, that says she was Welsh? Comments welcome. WBardwin 02:42, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Little typo on your user page

 * From my talk page:

''Second paragraph. ''

"...TitoXD and is always glad to copyedit the articles he reads to correct grammar mistakes and other conventions."

''The 'and' doesn't fit. ''

And thanks for the speedy deletion! --Arker 05:52, 1 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for noticing it! It actually was an intentional typo to check if anyone read my user page. Since someone does, I don't need it anymore. :) Tito xd (?!?) 22:39, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

Global Warming
Hello, Just saw a comment you had left on the Global Warming discussion. You wrote: One thing that should be obvious is that this argument makes at least two unwarranted assumptions, the argument assumes perfect competition and that the tariff-setting agency is able to determine the optimal level and to change the tariff level as quickly as conditions change. These assumptions seem quite dubious, and the argument thus seems to rest on some very shaky and hypothetical foundations. The IPCCs own projections indicate a loss of up to 2% of GDP for Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the US. Of course there is no perfect competition in the world, however that does not mean that markets cannot be approximated to perfect competition. The way perfect competition would work against my argument would be in producers acted together to reduce production. That is unlikely for 2 reasons 1) only 40% of production comes from OPEC 2) falling revenues give OPEC members individual incentive to cheat on quotas. I am not sure where you got the idea that I calculated any sort of optimal tariff or my argument depended upon it. The calculations were made for a 200% tax, nowhere does it say it is the optimal amount. I am going to write a paper in the future discussing an optimal tariff, but currently that is not available. Nor do I understand why you believe the tariff-setting agency has to change the tariff level "quickly". Where in the argument did you find a discussion of changing tariffs? As for IPCCs projections, my guess is that they considered non-revenue-neutral taxes. As my paper shows, a revenue-neutral tax would give a huge economic boost to crude-importing country like the US, while having a negative impact on crude-exporting countries like Canada and Saudi Arabia. If you answer please post to my discussion page. Jayanta Sen 18:08, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

WS
Hi, Thank you for your interest in WS Poll, What do you think about the other options. You should add a comment under every option to say if you support or oppse it. Thank you very much and best regards. Daryou 07:08, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

User Bill of Rights
You may be interested in User Bill of Rights. (SEWilco 04:20, 10 December 2005 (UTC))

WS
Hi, Here is a vote related to Western Sahara. Neutrality of WP is dying, please save it! Daryou 07:51, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

behenolja
I noticed (many months later, as it turns out) a query about the swedish page here for use in another article. I took a quick look at it and it should be within my competency level. If you still want it, let me know, and I'll translate it for you and let you take it from there. Arker 23:19, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I'd be delighted! User:Peter Isotalo translated about half of it (up to "Farmakopéerna"). The rest would make a great addition to the page. If you're comfortable integrating it directly into Ben oil, please feel free. If you'd rather just do the translation, I'd be happy to do the editing and integrating. Thanks! Waitak 02:02, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Sol Invictus or Christmas first?
Hi - I'm sorry to see that you reverted my edit. I do understand that traditionally it has been assumed that the Christians picked on 25th December to replace the Sol Invictus festival. However more recently it has been recognised that there is increasing evidence for the priority of Christmas (as a celebration). Would you be happier if I were to add the edit elsewhere in this article and if so which section? Thanks, Mercury543210 21:25, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Anarchism
Please explain what qualifications you have on the subject of anarchism. You are interfering with the clean-up of an inaccurate article. Chuck0 01:05, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

I am Correct
I am correct but the long time editors disagree. No hope. I was going to help and add references and put a lot of time and effort but why bother. Take a look at my user page. A brand new article for the medicine section is the only solution. The name will be the List of criticisms about alternative medicine. <<< One day! Thanks, --QuackGuru 01:35, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

Hej!
Snyggt namn! Aaker 17:51, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Arker


text:
William Brown (soldier)

William Brown (1759–1808) was a soldier for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He was born in Stamford and enlisted in the 5th Connecticut Regiment as a corporal on 23 May 1775, and re-enlisted as a private on 9 April 1777, for the duration of the war in the 8th Connecticut Regiment. He was promoted to corporal on 8 May 1779, and to sergeant on 1 August 1780, transferring with the consolidation of units to the 5th Connecticut Regiment on 1 January 1781, and to the 2nd Connecticut Regiment on 1 January 1783. He was awarded the Badge of Military Merit, one of only three people to be awarded the medal that later became the Purple Heart. No record of his citation has been uncovered, but it is believed that he participated in the assault on Redoubt No. 10 during the siege of Yorktown.

After the war he moved west to a newly developed river town called Cincinnati, Ohio. When President George Washington sent General Anthony Wayne out to Cincinnati in the spring of 1793 to take charge of subduing the Indians, one of Wayne's first acts was to call upon William Brown to furnish him with a "company of spies". It is possible that Brown joined the General at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. He lived out his days in Cincinnati, his original tombstone was lost to time; possibly stolen or destroyed. On 24 July 2004, at a cemetery across the street from what is known as Cincinnati Municipal Lunken Airport, a new tombstone was laid out in remembrance to Sgt. William Brown.

title: William Brown (soldier)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of songs about mothers

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was NO CONSENSUS. — J I P | Talk 12:48, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

List of songs about mothers
Seems like this list is potentially unmaintainable. Some people might treat this like "List of songs about being a motherfucker", "List of songs with the use of the word 'mother'" and other possible wording.
 * Delete as listcruft. --SuperDude 03:22, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per the above --Mysidia (talk) 03:38, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for various reasons stated. >:  Roby Wayne  Talk •  Hist 03:55, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete listcruft —Wahoofive (talk) 14:49, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * P.S. Don't forget to contribute to Wikipedia talk:Centralized discussion/Lists of songs —Wahoofive (talk) 14:55, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nominator. MCB 17:32, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Maybe clarify the title, but as it stands this is a manageable and (dare I say) potentially useful list. For someone. -- BD2412 talk 20:48, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * keep as per above. nom even admnits that the list is only POTENTIALLY unmaintainable. I think it is maintainable.Roodog2k (talk) 21:46, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. The number of songs about mothers is finite, and the list is therefore easily manageable. It's also an interesting and useful source of information about a fairly major artistic theme. --Centauri 02:23, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Daniel Bissell (spy)

Daniel Bissell (December 30, 1754 – August 21, 1824) was a soldier and spy for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Bissell joined the British Army for 13 months and passed intelligence information to the Continental Army. For his efforts, Bissell was awarded the Badge of Military Merit by General George Washington.

Early life
He was the son of Daniel and Elizabeth Bissell and was born in Windsor, Hartford County, Connecticut Colony (now East Windsor) in 1754.

Role in the American Revolution
On April 1, 1776, signed on for the duration as a corporal in the 5th Connecticut Regiment. He became a sergeant on September 1, 1777, and ended the war with the 2nd Connecticut Regiment.

Under the direct orders of General George Washington, Bissell posed as a deserter in the city of New York from August 14, 1781, to September 29, 1782. He realized that to get the information Washington needed, he would have to join the British Army: for 13 months, he served in the British Infantry Corps led by Benedict Arnold. Bissell memorized everything he was able to find out and then made his way back to friendly lines where he was placed under arrest until Washington verified his story. Sergeant Bissell was able to furnish valuable information including detailed maps he drew of the enemy's positions. He was to become the last recipient of the Badge of Military Merit in June 1783. Washington is given credit for designing the Purple Heart, but the design originated from an incident of Bissell's. While at a ball with his future wife and Washington, as Bissell was dancing with his wife, he stepped on her purple dress and ripped a piece off. He took the piece of fabric and folded into a heart and told his wife to hold onto it. When Washington learned of this, it inspired the idea to make the Purple Heart. This was published in a book that follows multiple families that are documented past the 1400s, one of which includes the Bissells. The award was lost in a house fire in 1813.

After the Revolutionary War
During the Quasi War with France, Bissell served in the US Army. He was commissioned a First Lieutenant in the 16th Infantry Regiment on March 3, 1799, and was discharged on June 15, 1800.

Bissell died in 1824 in Richmond, New York, where he is buried in Allens Hill Cemetery. His tombstone is inscribed, "In memory of Daniel Bissell, Who died August 21st, 1824, Aged 70 Years, He had the confidence of Washington and served under him."

title: Daniel Bissell (spy)


text: Category:Modern rock radio stations

title: Category:Modern rock radio stations


text: Category:Hot adult contemporary radio stations


text:
Category:Soft adult contemporary radio stations

A list of radio stations whose format focuses on Adult Contemporary music and artists, but with a lighter and softer fare. Most of the stations tend to play recurrents or gold product from the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s and target a 25-54 female audience.


text: Category:Urban adult contemporary radio stations


text:
Weeden Island culture

The Weeden Island cultures are a group of related archaeological cultures that existed during the Late Woodland period (500 - 1000 CE) of the North American Southeast. The name for this group of cultures was derived from the Weedon Island site (despite the dissimilar spellings) in Old Tampa Bay in Pinellas County.

History
Weeden Island cultures are defined by ceramics, which fall into two categories, sometimes called secular and sacred. Sacred ceramics are found primarily in mounds, while secular ceramics are found primarily in middens and house sites. The two types of ceramics have separate histories, and the secular ceramics show considerable variation between regions. Milanich, et al. compare the Weeden Island sacred complex to the Hopewell and Mississippian complexes, i.e., a ceremonial complex practiced by several cultures.

Scholars believe that the secular components of Weeden Island cultures emerged from the Swift Creek culture during the Middle Woodland Period (ca. 200 - 500 CE) in the lower Chattahoochee-Apalachicola river drainage, where Alabama, Florida and Georgia meet. To the east of this Weeden Island heartland, Weeden Island secular components developed out of the Deptford culture, from which the Swift Creek culture had also developed. The sacred or ceremonial component of Weeden Island developed out of the Hopewell tradition-based Yent and Green Point traditions. It persisted in some areas until the end of the Woodland period ca. 1200. Weeden Island sites have been found from Mobile Bay to the Okefenokee Swamp, and from south of Tampa Bay to the fall line on the Chattahoochee River at Columbus, Georgia.

Although the multiple geographic variants of Weeden Island groups used slightly different subsistence strategies dictated by local environment (including small-scale agriculture in some areas), a trend toward the semi-sedentary hunter-gatherer exploitation of hardwood hammock areas and coastal/riverine marine resources accurately characterizes Weeden Island subsistence activities in general.

The site on Weedon Island where Weeden Island sacred ceramics were first described was excavated by Smithsonian Institution archaeologist J. Walter Fewkes in 1923 and 1924. Archaeologists now recognize that the Weedon Island site is well outside the heartland of the Weeden Island culture. The Weedon Island site was part of the Weeden Island-related late Manasota culture. The Manasota culture developed around 500 BCE, 700 years before the development of the Weeden Island sacred complex. The secular component of the Manasota culture had no connection with the secular components of heartland Weeden Island cultures.

Geographic and temporal variants
Recent efforts have refined the Weeden Island culture concept so that the term "Weeden Island" includes several distinct regional manifestations which exhibited the same basic ceremonial complex (most likely associated with shared sociopolitical patterns), but that exhibited significant geographic variations. These include: the North peninsular Gulf Coast variant, found along the Gulf coast from Pasco County to the Aucilla River; the Cades Pond culture in north-central Florida; the McKeithen Weeden Island culture in northernmost inland Florida; the Manasota culture located within the central Peninsular Gulf Coast; the Northwest culture, extending from the Aucilla River through the Florida Panhandle to Mobile, Alabama; the early Kolomoki culture, located in the lower Chattahoochee Valley; the later Wakulla Weeden Island culture, in the lower Chattahoochee Valley, the lower Flint River valley, in southwestern Georgia, and the upper Choctawhatchee River valley in southeastern Alabama. Undefined Weeden Island culture variants are found in southeastern Alabama and southwestern Georgia outside the Kolomoki/Wakulla Weeden Island areas.

Several attempts have been made to segregate Weeden Island components into chronological phases based on temporal changes in settlement patterns, artifact assemblage, and ceremonial activities, all of which recognize an inherent distinction between the material culture of earlier and later Weedon Island manifestations. It is most widely accepted that the Weeden Island culture be split into two time periods: the Weeden Island I Period (200 AD - 700 AD) and Weeden Island II Period (700 AD - 1200 AD). Some Weeden Island II cultures later developed into local variants of the Mississippian culture, collectively known as proto-Mississippian.

The Weeden Island culture was preceded by the Deptford culture (and the later Swift Creek and Santa Rosa-Swift Creek cultures in the panhandle). It was followed by the Alachua culture in the Cades Pond culture area, by the Suwannee Valley culture in the McKeithen culture area and by the Fort Walton Culture in the Northwest area (the panhandle).

Several archaeologists including William Sears indicate "that there was a sharp dichotomy between sacred and the secular" artifacts (particularly ceramics) within the Weeden Island culture, though this pattern has not been observed west of the Aucilla River.

 * "The social organization characteristic of ... Weeden Island sites appears to have lain somewhere between the basically egalitarian structure of Archaic hunter-gatherers and the chiefdoms characteristic of Mississippian society...over these centuries, the social, political, and ideological institutions of later Weedon Island agricultural communities and their contemporaries evolved into those associated with the Mississippian".

North peninsular Gulf coast region
The north peninsular Gulf coast variant of the Weeden Island culture existed along the Gulf of Mexico coast of Florida from the Aucilla River southward to what is now Pasco County. It also included such inland wetland areas as the Cove of the Withlacoochee (in Citrus County) and Gulf Hammock (in southern Levy County), as well as coastal sites such as the Crystal River site. This region has not received as much attention from archeologists as have other variants of the Weeden Island culture. While a number of sites have been surveyed, most of the mounds and shell middens in the area have been disturbed or destroyed by artifact hunters and "borrowing" for road-building material, and there have been no major excavations of sites in the region.

As in other Weeden Island areas, there is a difference between ceremonial/prestige pottery, found primarily in burial mounds, and the utilitarian pottery found in village sites and shell middens. The prevalence of undecorated pottery and the lack of major excavations means that the chronology of the Weeden Island culture in the north peninsular Gulf coast is poorly understood.

The Weeden Island culture was not uniform over the north peninsular Gulf coast. Ceramics related to the Swift Creek culture are found scattered at early sites throughout the area, but particularly so in Taylor County, the northernmost part of the region. Later sites in Taylor County show some influence from the Fort Walton culture. In Dixie County, to the south of Taylor County, later sites appear to have been influenced by the Alachua culture, which developed out of the Cades Pond variant of the Weeden Island culture. Later sites in the southern part of the region show influence from the Safety Harbor culture.

Primary habitation sites were concentrated along the coast, with smaller sites adjacent to inland waterways. The inhabitants left numerous shell middens, composed primarily of oyster shells, but also including clam, scallop, whelk and conch shells. Fish of various kinds were another important component of the diet. Sea turtles, tortoises, alligators and deer were also consumed. Horticulture was absent or a late introduction, although the inhabitants of the southern end of the region (Pasco and Hernando counties) were growing maize at the time of first European contact.

McKeithen Weeden Island culture
The McKeithen Weeden Island culture was a regional variant of early Weeden Island culture in north Florida. The area of the McKeithen Weeden Island culture was north of the Santa Fe River, extending east from the Aucilla River to the western edge of the St. Johns River drainage basin. It lasted about 500 years, from 200 to 700. It was succeeded by the Suwannee Valley culture.

The McKeithen culture is named after a landowner who invited archaeologists to excavate some mounds on his property before vandals destroyed them. The McKeithen site was a village next to a stream with three mounds. These three mounds were created in an isosceles triangle, with the main axis of the triangle pointing towards the summer solstice sunrise. The mounds were likely built between 350-475 CE. Abundant evidence of occupation was found in a crescent around a presumed plaza, which was essentially bare of artifacts. The three mounds flanked the plaza on three sides. Wood and charcoal found in the village have yielded radiocarbon dates of AD 200 to 750.

The mounds served different purposes. The one named (arbitrarily) 'B' had a rectangular building on it that has been interpreted to be a temple or the residence of the priest who conducted ceremonies for the dead. The presumed holder of that office was buried inside the building. Evidence of animals chewing on some bones indicate that the body was exposed for a while after death before burial. A tomb of wood and earth was erected over the grave. The tomb and building were then burned, and the ashes scattered. After a ceramic bird head was pushed into the ground at the foot of the grave, a layer of dirt was spread over all of the mound. Three radiocarbon dates for this event average to 354.

Mound 'A' was a charnel area where bodies were cleaned and buried temporarily. A wall of posts screened a number of burial pits from the village. Posts up to two feet in diameter apparently were used to mark graves. The decomposed bodies were later removed, and bones were bundled and moved to mound 'C'. Numerous potsherds and many small fire pits are interpreted as evidence of ceremonies connected with processing the bodies. In 354 the wall of posts and other posts were piled up over the empty grave pits and burned.

Mound 'C' held a charnel house where bundled bones, typically a skull and limb bones, were stored. After some period of time, the bundles were buried around the periphery of the mound. In about 475, approximately 36 bone bundles were removed from the charnel house and buried. The charnel house was burned, then a fire was built of top of it for a feast. A large bowl with animal heads on its rim, which may have been used for serving ceremonial drinks such as the black drink, was left on the remains of the fire after its bottom was knocked out. At least 17 ceramic vessels, including hollow figurines of animals, were broken and left atop the graves of the bone bundles. The whole mound was then covered with a six-foot layer of earth.

Pottery at the McKeithen site has been classified as secular, prestige, and sacred. Secular pots were undecorated, or had minimal decoration, and were all made with clay from local sources. Prestige ware was decorated with lines and dots and sometimes 'painted' with red clay. This prestige ware was found most often in the mounds, but occasionally elsewhere in the village. The sacred vessels, which were found only in the mounds, were elaborately decorated and sometimes were in the shape of animals. Some of the sacred vessels apparently were imported, but the ones with animal shapes usually were made from local clay.

title: Weeden Island culture


text: Category:Nursing schools in Australia

title: Category:Nursing schools in Australia


text:
User:YeuJou

/Berkelah falls

Berkelah falls

Very nice panaromic picture of the waterfalls; appears in Berkelah falls.

 * Nominate and support. - YeuJou 03:53, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User:YeuJou


text:
Category:Dance radio stations

This category contains stations (commercial; non-commercial; internet; digital; satellite) whose playlists are built around electronic dance music, with rhythmic pop/R&B and disco thrown in for balance, geared towards a broad, multicultural audience in the 12 to 49 year-old range.

title: Category:Dance radio stations


text:
Centre sportif Léonard-Grondin

The Centre sportif Léonard-Grondin (historically known as the Aréna Léonard-Grondin and Palais des sports) is the main sport venue and the main arena in Granby, Quebec. It was once host to the Granby Bisons and Granby Prédateurs QMJHL teams. It is currently home of the Granby Inouk of the Quebec Junior Hockey League. The arena was built in 1968 and seats 2,385 people. In 2010–2011, the arena was renovated and enlarged and transformed into a more modern sports venue. It now has three ice rinks and other equipment.

title: Centre sportif Léonard-Grondin


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Walken in 2008 Campaign

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was REDIRECT to Christopher Walken.  Rob e  rt  23:58, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Walken in 2008 Campaign
This article is a hoax, as documented on wiki's article on Christopher Walken. Brandon39 03:28, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Christopher Walken Anetode 03:33, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect, assuming the hoax existed outside Wikipedia. -- Kjkolb 05:33, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Removing POV leaves 0 words. Either delete or redirect. - Andre Engels 11:52, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. -- Reinyday, 14:01, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect per Anetode. -- BD2412 talk 20:54, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Making this into a redirect would encourage this kind of nonsense. Also, failed attempt at humor. Paul 00:06, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Dandan~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Hi. Your article HumanMandala seems to be a "How-to" guide, and also original research. Feel free to browse the article guidelines above. Welcome again. Jkelly 03:28, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Dandan. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Dandan~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:18, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:54, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dandan~enwiki


text:
Category:Rhythmic contemporary radio stations

This category contains radio stations whose playlists features a current mix of rhythmic pop, R&B/hip hop, and dance music, geared towards a young adult audience in the 12 to 49 year-old range. These are also known as rhythmic contemporary stations.

For radio stations who share similar styles with this genre, go to the following article/categories:
 * Contemporary hit radio, see Category:Contemporary hit radio stations
 * Urban contemporary music, see Category:Urban contemporary radio stations
 * Dance music, see Category:Dance radio stations
 * Rhythmic adult contemporary, see Category:Rhythmic adult contemporary radio stations


text:
Form book

A form book is a tool used by attorneys in the United States to aid in the filing of pleadings, motions and other legal documents with a court or similar decision-making body. A form book may be a bound volume or binder containing loose-leaf pages, containing forms, clauses and model documents that the attorney might use when preparing a legal document or court pleading.

Purpose
Due to the exacting nature of legal forms and the time and effort required to prepare legal documents, form books were created as an aid in the drafting process. These books conserve time and serve as a reference to attorneys and law students seeking to use them in their practice. The importance of these books is not to be underestimated, as a form lacking proper language or information may jeopardize court proceedings.

Forms can contain standard language to be used in court proceedings, or may more closely resemble a template which is to be filled in based on case specifics. Forms found in form books are often used as a reference, as the document that will be used must be tailored specifically to the court and situation in which it will be presented. In some cases, such as patent and bankruptcy, certain forms are legally required.

Form books may be arranged chronologically, alphabetically, by subject, or by jurisdiction. They may also include additional resources such as outlines, research references, annotations, state considerations, and law practice checklists in addition to the forms.

The style, format, and information required in court documents differs from one jurisdiction to another, between different levels of courts in a system, and between different areas of law. Therefore, the companies that publish casebook and other legal materials often publish form books as well, offering selections specific to the location and type of practice in which their customers are engaged. Many publishers offer the forms in their books on computer discs. Some books may be accompanied by CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs.

The advent of the Internet has lessened demand for printed form books. Many forms are now distributed freely by various courts, and others are available for free or online purchase. Forms online may be offered with drafting tools and other resources.

Types of Form Books
There are several different categories of form books available. These differ in their organization, subject, and the nature of the information contained.

General Form Books
General form books usually fall into one of two categories: transactional, or covering pleading and practice processes. Transactional (or legal) forms give examples of contracts, wills, leases, deeds, mortgages, and other substantive matters. Pleading and practice forms provide formatting and examples for legal language to be used in various court motions such as complaints, answers, and motions to dismiss. General form books are not state specific, and are annotated and cross-referenced. They are usually arranged alphabetically or encyclopedically and may provide a topical index to aid researchers in finding specific forms.

Form Books for Specific Subjects or Proceedings
Publishers can provide form books that discuss a specific type of practice. Topics which might have their own form books include real estate, business law, and tax.

Form Books Specific to Geographic Jurisdictions
Most states have form books containing state-specific forms. These can be published by various entities such as state courts or individual state bar association organizations. Other court systems may publish their own materials as well.

Other Types of Form Books
Another type of form book is designed for those seeking legal forms but not trained as lawyers, commonly referred to as a “self-help” form book. Topics included could be leases, wills, and contracts.

Topics Covered in Form Books
Typical forms included in a form book are a model complaint, answer, motion to compel discovery, motion for summary judgment, and request for permission to appeal. Other types of forms include: Transactional forms used to draft wills, contracts, and documents
 * Procedural Forms used to draft pleadings, motions, and complaints
 * Real estate
 * General legal topics like partnerships, contracts, and leases
 * Bankruptcy
 * Business Forms
 * Taxes and securities

title: Form book


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Article for deletion

This page is found by clicking "This article's entry" on the Article for deletion template.

When you add the AfD template to a page you want deleted, you should create the discussion page giving your reasons. Do not do it on this page.


text:
Category:Urban contemporary radio stations

This category contains stations categorized as urban contemporary. They primarily play hip hop and R&B music. For radio stations of the similar rhythmic contemporary format, see Category:Rhythmic contemporary radio stations.