text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/2010 in film

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. -Splash talk 22:03, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

2010 in film
Another foggy crystal ball. --Jeffrey O. Gustafson - Shazaam! - <*> 02:56, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wikipedia is not a crystal ball -- W P  Talk  03:10, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete crystal ball. Gazpacho 03:42, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. "Untitled Lucas/Spielberg/Grazer Project (2010 film)" seals it for me. Nateji77 04:38, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --FuriousFreddy 04:47, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, 4 years in advance there's no certainty any of these will be made and released. Films are not announced yet. - Mgm|(talk) 09:35, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. All red links apart from Robots 2, which says in the article it's coming next year (it isn't, the producers are only 'thinking of a sequal', no actor has been signed yet, and it shouldn't have an article either). Average Earthman 09:36, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to 2010: Odyssey Two. Anything else would simply be crystal ball gazing. Grutness...  wha?  12:26, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't jump the gun on the redirect. The title could still be used as a serious encyclopedia article - for instance, an article about the depiction of the year 2010 in various films, or, five years from now, as an article about that years slate of motion picture releases.  --Jeffrey O. Gustafson - Shazaam! - <*> 23:50, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, it can always be "un-redirected" later when the title is needed for something else. That happens quite a lot. Grutness...  wha?  02:12, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Article-creation vanity. Wikipedia is not a crystal ball. No evidence provided that the preparation for these films is of great importance in 2005. Dpbsmith (talk) 12:34, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per... everyone. --Jacquelyn Marie 22:06, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete too far in the future Amren (talk)  00:13, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. WP:NOT a crystal ball. Extraordinary Machine 11:37, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Much too far in the future to be of any use. Carbonite | Talk 16:39, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Natliskeliguten

Basic info
Name: Cameron Anthony McCormick

Birth date: January 6 1987

Current occupation: Biology major student at the University of Maine (Orono).

Current location: Barrington, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (yes, that is the state's full name)

Political Compass: Economic Left/Right: -4.25, Social Libertarian/Authoritarian: -3.74

Interests
Primary Wikipedia interests: Cryptozoology, Howard Phillips Lovecraft, Beaked Whales, Cephalopods, Paleoanthropology, King Kong, The Lord of the Rings

Favorite animal: American Crow

Favorite pre-historic animal: Basilosaurus

Least favorite animal: Clamworm

Favorite fictional books: The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien, The Dark Tower series by Stephen King, At the Mountains of Madness by Howard Phillips Lovecraft, The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath by H.P. Lovecraft.

Favorite non-fiction: A Walk in the Woods by Bill Bryson, A Short History of nearly Everything by Bill Bryson, Guns Germs and Steel by Jared Diamond, In the Wake of the Sea-Serpents by Bernard Heuvelmans, The Panda's thumb by Stephen Jay Gould.

Favorite movies: The Lord of the Rings, The Blues Brothers, King Kong, The Nightmare before Christmas, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (miniseries)

Favorite TV: LOST, The Simpsons, Futurama, Scrubs, The Elegant Universe, Nova

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Natliskeliguten


text: Category:Congressional office buildings

title: Category:Congressional office buildings


text:
Al Charron

Alan Charron (born 27 July 1966 in Ottawa, Ontario) is a former Canadian rugby union rugby player. He played 2nd row and all three loose forward positions at club and international level back-row forward and was capped 76 times for the Canadian national team, the Canucks. In fact he also played briefly in a game at prop when his team was shorthanded after injuries and send-offs suffered by his teammates. He played club rugby for the Ottawa Irish (amateur), professionally in England at Moseley Rugby Football club and Bristol as well as in France at Pau and Dax. Represented the Eastern Ontario union for many years winning the National interbranch championship in 1992 and winning the National provincial championships twice with Ontario in 1995 and 1996.

Charron was a favourite with the supporters of many of the European clubs he played for. While playing with Moseley and Bristol he was voted the supporters' Player of the Season for 1996/97 1998/99 respectively and was awarded the BBC West Rugby Player of the Year award in 1999. Voted on two occasions as Canada's outstanding player for the year.

Charron was a vital member of the highly regarded Canadian forward pack that did so well at the 1991 Rugby World Cup, defeating Fiji and Romania and giving both France and New Zealand a hard time. He was one of three Ontario players on the field against New Zealand, the others all coming from British Columbia. He scored a famous try to defeat Wales at Cardiff Arms Park in autumn 1993. That day he was playing out of his usual flank position, packing down in the second row for an injured Norm Hadley.

Managed to crack several international newspapers and magazines 1st team or honourable first XV selection following all four Rugby World Cups he participated in.

Noted for recovering from a severe knee injury to participate in the 2003 Rugby World Cup as the captain of Canada, his fourth Rugby World Cup tournament. Had a full reconstruction of his right knee (torn ACL, MCL, PCL and meniscus in May came back to play four and a half months later. At the time he became only the second international rugby union player of any country to do so, the other being former teammate and previous Canadian captain Gareth Rees.

National team record for caps (76), tied for most games captained (25). Appeared in a world 15 side with his Canadian teammate Rod Snow to celebrate Argentina's centenary. Has appeared a record 5 times for a Canadian wearing the British Barbarian jersey, scoring one try and in fact captained the side for a half on one occasion. Nine international tries (Wales, New Zealand, Romania, Australia, USA, South Africa, Tonga, Japan, Namibia).

Charron retired from international rugby union on Canada's defeat of Tonga in the 2003 Rugby World Cup pool match. Went to a fifth RWC as part of the Canadian national management team in 2007

Inducted into the Eastern Ontario wall of Fame, Ontario Rugby Hall of Fame, Ottawa Sports hall of Fame, Ontario Sport Hall of Fame and was recognised as being one of the top 100 athletes to come from Ottawa.

Charron became Canada's third inductee into the World Rugby Hall of Fame in 2017, following Gareth Rees (inducted in 2011) and Heather Moyse (2016) in being so honoured. Charron finished his international career with 76 games player, 44 total points, and 9 tries scored.

title: Al Charron


text:
Marvin Gaye Recorded Live on Stage

Marvin Gaye Recorded Live on Stage is the first live album released by singer Marvin Gaye on the Tamla label. Recorded during a Motortown Revue show at Chicago's Regal Theater, the album showcased the musician performing early hits such as "Stubborn Kind of Fellow", "Pride and Joy" and "Hitch Hike" while also adding in unreleased songs including "One of These Days" (a studio version was released on the B-side of "Pride and Joy" and later as a track on Gaye's 1966 album, Moods of Marvin Gaye), "Mo Jo Hanna" and That Stubborn Kinda Fellow album track, "Get My Hands on Some Lovin'" while also singing three covers - the jazz standard, "Days of Wine and Roses", blues song "Mo Jo Hanna" and his cover of Ray Charles' R&B version of "You Are My Sunshine".

History
Gaye was accompanied throughout the album by Martha and the Vandellas. During these early days and later into his career, Gaye had stage fright and struggled with live performances. Despite this, he performed to enthusiastic audiences, who cheered him on throughout his set. He recorded another live album in the 1960s, the shelved Marvin Gaye at the Copa, Marvin Gaye Live! in 1974, and finally released another live effort in 1977, Live at the London Palladium.

Track listing
Side one
 * 1) "Stubborn Kind of Fellow" (Marvin Gaye, George Gordy, William "Mickey" Stevenson)
 * 2) "One of These Days" (William "Mickey" Stevenson)
 * 3) "Mo Jo Hanna" (Andre Williams, Clarence Paul)
 * 4) "The Days of Wine and Roses" (Henry Mancini, Johnny Mercer)

Side two
 * 1) "Pride and Joy" (Marvin Gaye, William "Mickey" Stevenson, Norman Whitfield)
 * 2) "Hitch Hike" (Marvin Gaye, Clarence Paul, William "Mickey" Stevenson)
 * 3) "Get My Hands on Some Lovin'" (Marvin Gaye, William "Mickey" Stevenson)
 * 4) "You Are My Sunshine" (Jimmie Davis, Charles Mitchell)

title: Marvin Gaye Recorded Live on Stage


text: Talk:Gateway City

title: Talk:Gateway City


text:
Talk:Malinche (volcano)

Height
The height of Mexican mountains varies quite a bit depending on the source of the information. It seems pretty clear that the Sierra Negra is higher than Matlalcueitl, however, which would make it sixth-highest at most (Pico de Orizaba, Popo, Ixta, Sierra N?/ Nevado de Toluca?, Matlalcueitl. The fact that the Sierra Negra isn't mentioned at all on most lists would give Matlalcueitl 5th place on those lists. --Lavintzin 03:02, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Snow
The article mentions the mountain's summit being covered with snow. I have been to the summit in July and there was no snow. Perhaps it should be changed to "snow during some of the year" ? 209.98.36.253 (talk) 16:13, 27 November 2007 (UTC)

Coordinates
The coordinates need the following fixes:
 * According to Google Maps, the coordinates given are not even on the slope of the mountain. The actuals are a bit hard to get, since it's unclear where the summit lies exactly, but they should be somewhere close to 19.230535, -98.032465. La Malinche is a very prominent feature on the map (a bright white spot surrounded by a deep green "circle", surrounded by a network of human civilization).

69.106.248.219 (talk) 13:01, 26 April 2009 (UTC)

Coordinates fixed in July. BrainMarble (talk) 00:02, 15 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Malinche (volcano)


text: User talk:66.139.75.163

title: User talk:66.139.75.163


text:
Omni Consumer Products

Omni Consumer Products may refer to:
 * Omni Consumer Products (RoboCop), a fictitious mega-corporation seen in the RoboCop series of films and television shows.
 * Omni Consumer Products (company), a company that manufactures products based on the fictitious mega-corporation Omni Consumer Products

title: Omni Consumer Products


text:
Manganese(II) carbonate

Manganese carbonate is a compound with the chemical formula MnCO3. Manganese carbonate occurs naturally as the mineral rhodochrosite but it is typically produced industrially. It is a pale pink, water-insoluble solid. Approximately 20,000 metric tonnes were produced in 2005.

Structure and production
MnCO3 adopts a structure like calcite, consisting of manganese(II) ions in an octahedral coordination geometry.

Treatment of aqueous solutions of manganese(II) nitrate with ammonia and carbon dioxide leads to precipitation of this faintly pink solid. The side product, ammonium nitrate is used as fertilizer.

Reactions and uses
The carbonate is insoluble in water but, like most carbonates, hydrolyses upon treatment with acids to give water-soluble salts.

Manganese carbonate decomposes with release of carbon dioxide, i.e. calcining, at 200 °C to give MnO1.88:
 * MnCO3 + 0.44 O2 →   MnO1.8  +  CO2

This method is sometimes employed in the production of manganese dioxide, which is used in dry-cell batteries and for ferrites.

Manganese carbonate is widely used as an additive to plant fertilizers to cure manganese deficient crops. It is also used in health foods, in ceramics as a glaze colorant and flux, and in concrete stains.

It is used in medicine as a hematinic.

Toxicity
Manganese poisoning, also known as manganism, may be caused by long-term exposure to manganese dust or fumes.

title: Manganese(II) carbonate


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Free derivative work

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE  Rob e  rt  23:41, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Free derivative work
OR at best. — brighterorange  (talk) 03:07, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete admitted OR. Gazpacho 03:43, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: it admits to WP:NOR! But I wonder if there is such a legal concept. If it chances to get rewritten during AfD, then it can be kept. -Splash talk 21:06, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's not a term used in copyright law, although some users on open source forums appear to throw it around from time to time as an analogy. Derivative work, of course, is a very important concept. In fact, I think I'd better watch that page in case this author decides to, uh, "improve" it with some OR. MCB 01:07, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Mayatan Bilingual School

Mayatan Bilingual School is a non-profit, private, independent bilingual (Spanish/English) co-educational day school located in Copán Ruinas, Copán, Honduras. In the 2010–11 school year the enrollment was 300 students from Pre-Kinder through 11th grade. Mayatan's first high school class entered in 2009-10 and will graduate in 2012.

The school uses volunteer native English speakers, primarily from North America, as the lead teachers for each class. Local teachers teach Spanish and social studies and assist the lead teachers at the younger grade levels. The school is owned and operated by the Mayatan Foundation, and it relies on donations to provide scholarships to some 45% of its students. Scholarship sponsors come primarily from local businesses and friends, family, and groups from North America and Europe.

Mission statement
Mayatan Bilingual School is dedicated to providing a diverse population of students, from pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade, with the best bilingual education possible, thereby giving them the tools to become active, responsible, and informed participants in their local, national, and global communities.

History
The school was founded in 1991 by a local Copán Ruinas woman, Nora Arita de Welchez, who wanted to give to her children the opportunity to get a quality education in English without having to leave the town. She joined forces with two other local mothers, Maria Eugenia Aviles de Arias and Mayra Arias de Welchez. In the first year, nine students enrolled in the first grade and teachers were mostly English-speaking backpackers. At that time, the school was located in a small schoolhouse directly across from the Maya ruins that give the town its name.

Mayatan Foundation
In 2001, former school director Frank Hopkins helped the owners of the school to form Fundación Mayatan (Mayatan Foundation), a registered, tax exempt charity organization in Honduras. The Foundation now owns and operates the school. The primary function of the non-profit Foundation is to provide conduct the fundraising and development work for the school, as well as the administration of scholarships.

Hope for Tomorrow
After returning to the United States, Hopkins founded Hope for Tomorrow, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that would transfer funds to Mayatan. The goal of Hope for Tomorrow was to allow U.S. taxpayers the opportunity to donate to Mayatan and receive a tax credit.

New campus
In 2003, the school built a new campus on a hillside just outside town. The decision to move was prompted by the discovery that the old campus lay on top of buried Maya ruins, and they were restricted from building additional classrooms. With enrollment growing, the new campus gave the school the room to expand. In 2006 Mayatan was able to add a primary wing.

Academics
The school is accredited with the Honduran Department of Education. The Mayatan high school is also accredited through the University of Missouri High School, which allows students to receive an American-accredited diploma alongside their Honduran bachillerato de turismo and bachillerato en ciencias y letras. Otherwise, Honduran education laws dictate the number of hours each week that must be dedicated to each subject. These include Reading, Math, Science and Spelling which are conducted in English and normally taught by foreign teachers; as well as Estudios Sociales and Español which are instructed by local Honduran teachers. In addition, the school also offers curriculum in Handwriting, Oral Language Development, Art, Music, Physical Education, Computers, Values, Library, Home Economics, Anthropology, Art History, Psychology, and Literature.

Students
The school draws its population from the local community at all levels of the socio-economic spectrum. Students are generally of mestizo descent, and there are students from the aldeas (poor, rural farming communities in the hills outside of towns) and from Maya Ch'orti populations.

Faculty
The school employs 8 foreign teachers from English-speaking countries. They also hire 15 local teachers for subjects in Spanish as well as classroom assistants.

Campus
The current school campus is located on a hillside just outside town. There is an office building, two classroom buildings for secondary and high school, a building for grades 1–6, a building for PreKinder-Grade 1, and a small cafeteria building. The school also has a library of its own as well as a science laboratory.

Financial support
The school is supported in part by the Mayatan Foundation.

title: Mayatan Bilingual School


text: User talk:24.225.95.253

title: User talk:24.225.95.253


text: Category:Schools in Honduras

title: Category:Schools in Honduras


text:
Talk:Geel

I
I added the St. Dymphna info, though kept it very brief. For more info there's the 1911 Encyclpædia Brittanica Geel article, and the Saint Dymphna article. I'm thinking out loud here, but does anyone know the history of the name? I'm probably really off base, but I can't help thinking it sounds a lot like 'Gael' Khirad 03:05, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Plagiarism?
The second paragraph appears to have been plagiarized, in places word-for-word, from Comer, R. J. (2007). Abnormal psychology (6th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers.
 * The material was added on March 10, 2006, so either it has been plagiarized from some earlier edition, or Comer has taken the text from Wikipedia :-) I suspect the former, but it would be good if someone could check it! I'll remove the paragraph for now, it is still available in the history so it can be readded if the text is found out not to be a copyright violation. Fram 20:04, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

"Dympha credited for this"
"The legendary 7th-century Saint Dymphna... is usually credited for this type of care." Does this mean that she started it during her life? Or that she inspired it from heaven? Or does it really mean "The cult that grew up around the shrine where the 7th century St Dymphna was killed directly led to this type of care..."? --Richardson mcphillips (talk) 13:15, 15 May 2015 (UTC)

also Gheel?
The version "Gheel" occurs in the article itself without explanation, and an on-line search shows that it occurs quite often. When I lived in Belgium that's how I saw it spelled in my English and French circles. Is there a reason why it can't be mentioned as an alternative, even if simply introduced to say why it should not be used? --Richardson mcphillips (talk) 13:19, 15 May 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Geel


text: Category:Education in Honduras

title: Category:Education in Honduras


text:
WCMU

WCMU is the callsign of two public broadcasting stations in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, owned by Central Michigan University:

 * WCMU-FM, a NPR member radio station at 89.5 FM
 * WCMU-TV, a PBS member television station at channel 14

Both stations also have rebroadcast transmitters throughout northern Michigan.

title: WCMU


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bumblesnap chess

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Jitse Niesen (talk) 22:49, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Bumblesnap chess
hoax/OR, apparently deleted/bjaodn'd before. — brighterorange  (talk) 03:06, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, hoax or original research. --bainer (talk) 03:34, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, hoax for sure. Not original research though; that's something quite different. -Splash talk 21:04, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:DaGizza/Appreciation

So far I've got nine barnstars, one DYK, a rose (huh?!), a 3D elephant trunk (HUH?!#$%*), Govardhan hill (a mountain?), a cookie and a brownie! Thank you to everyone who has complimented me and given me these lovely symbols of appreciation and recognition during my time at Wikipedia.

 [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?editintro=User:DaGizza/Appreciation-editnotice&title=&action=edit&preload=User:DaGizza/Appreciation/preload + Add a comment] Discuss this story

To follow comments, add the page to your watchlist. If your comment has not appeared here, you can try.

title: User:DaGizza/Appreciation


text:
Westbourne Park, South Australia

Westbourne Park is an inner southern suburb of Adelaide, the State capital of South Australia. The suburb was named after Westbourne, a village in Sussex, England, and was laid out in 1881.

Located in the City of Mitcham, the suburb's boundaries are Cross Road, Goodwood Road, Grange Road, Sussex Terrace and the Belair train line.

History
The suburb was originally known as Cottonville and Unley Park. The area was largely built up in the first three decades of the twentieth century, partly due to its proximity to the (no longer existent) Colonel Light Gardens Tram Line. The tree-lined streets contain a large proportion of houses from this era. These range from Queen Anne and Mock Tudor houses to symmetrical buildings and Californian bungalows built mainly in red brick.

The southern area was first laid out as "homestead blocks" but was not gazetted. It was then known as Cottonville, and it is probable that it was named after George W. Cotton who advocated the division of land into small holdings for "the working man". Much of the land was used as almond orchards. A Blockers' sports day and picnic was reported in the Register of 13 April 1896 and the Chronicle of 18 April 1896.

The southernmost section around Constance Street to Angas Road was laid out as housing blocks by William Hamilton Sampson and Jessie Sanders in 1921 and was still known as Cottonville.

The northern part was originally a private subdivision of Section 253. The name Westbourne Park was formally submitted by the City of Mitcham at a council meeting held in 1945, and to help eliminate superfluous subdivision names, (as requested by the Surveyor-General), Cottonville was included. The Westbourne Park Post Office opened on 10 February 1947 but was renamed Hawthorn in 1966.

Transport
Approximately 6 km south of the Adelaide city centre, the suburb is serviced on the east side by Adelaide Metro's Belair railway line and the 200 bus route along Sussex Terrace. Bus routes G10, G20, G30, G40, 961 and 997 along Goodwood Road service the west side of the suburb. Service 190 connects the southern boundary along Grange Road to Glenelg (via Raglan Ave) and the city (via Belair Road).

Schools
Westbourne Park Primary School is located on Goodwood Road on the western boundary of the suburb.

Politics

 * Local government: Gault Ward in the City of Mitcham
 * State government: Electoral district of Elder in the South Australian House of Assembly
 * Federal government: Division of Boothby in the Australian House of Representatives

title: Westbourne Park, South Australia


text:
When I'm Alone I Cry

When I'm Alone I Cry is the third studio album by Marvin Gaye, released in 1964. It was one of several attempts by the singer and his record company, Motown, to make his name as a jazz vocalist.

Recording
The album includes ten pop and jazz standards; at Gaye's request, two of the songs were taken from Billie Holiday's album Lady in Satin. The backing tracks were recorded by producer Clarence Paul in New York City and Chicago, using arrangers Jerome Richardson, Melba Liston, and Ernie Wilkins. Gaye overdubbed the vocal tracks after returning to Detroit from touring.

Critical reception
Critic Richie Unterberger describes the album as "competently done, but... supper-club fare, in which Gaye comes off as a sub-Nat King Cole rather than his own man." Gaye's biographer David Ritz says: "His ballad style remained self-conscious and restrained... The results were flat, though on the up-tempo numbers he swung effortlessly, demonstrating his natural feel for jazz." After When I'm Alone I Cry was unsuccessful upon its release, Gaye finally gave way to pressure to record more R&B and soul material. By the end of the decade, he had become one of the best-selling and most revered soul artists of his generation.

Side one

 * 1) "You've Changed" (Bill Carey, Carl Fischer) – 3:33
 * 2) "I Was Telling Her About You" (Morris Charlap, Don George) – 4:48
 * 3) "I Wonder" (Cecil Gant, Raymond Leaven) – 3:46
 * 4) "I'll Be Around" (Alec Wilder, William Engvick) – 4:09
 * 5) "Because of You" (Arthur Hammerstein, Dudley Wilkinson) – 3:34

Side two

 * 1) "I Don't Know Why (I Just Do)" (Fred E. Ahlert, Roy Turk) – 2:46
 * 2) "I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face" (Alan Jay Lerner, Frederick Loewe) – 3:32
 * 3) "When Your Lover Has Gone" (Einar Aaron Swan) – 4:40
 * 4) "When I'm Alone I Cry" (Avery Vandenberg, Morris Broadnax, Fredericka Foreman) – 2:47
 * 5) "If My Heart Could Sing" (Avery Vandenberg, Morris Broadnax) – 3:20

title: When I'm Alone I Cry


text:
User:StephenBull

StephenBull is the Wikipedia login name of Stephen Medaris Bull. Bio []

title: User:StephenBull


text:
Papaya Suzuki

Hiroshi Suzuki (鈴木 寛), better known by his stage name Papaya Suzuki (パパイヤ鈴木), is a Japanese celebrity most famous for his dancing and for his afro hairstyle.

He originally intended to be a singer, but gave up due to a drastic gain in weight. According to his official web site, he is 178 cm tall, and weighs 108 kg. He is now a choreographer and dancer, and he is a member of the dancing group Oyaji dancers, where oyaji is a faintly derogatory Japanese word literally meaning "dad" but also used for middle-aged men in general.

He also works as an actor, a lyricist, and a songwriter, as well as arranging and producing music.

Suzuki made a brief appearance as a dancer in the video for the song O! O! Xsta Si ( Boom Boom Love ) by the J-pop group Deeps.

He was the choreographer for one of AKB48's biggest hits: "Koisuru Fortune Cookie" (2013).

title: Papaya Suzuki


text:
Nolan Cromwell

Nolan Neil Cromwell (born January 30, 1955) is an American former professional football player who was a safety for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Kansas Jayhawks, where he earned All-American honors. Cromwell played for the Rams from 1977 through 1987 and was named to the Pro Bowl in four consecutive years, 1980 through 1983. He played on the Rams' 1979–1980 Super Bowl XIV team. He became a coach and was the Rams' wide receivers coach from 2010 to 2011.

Early life
Cromwell played in the town of Ransom, Kansas while attending Logan High School as a freshman, helping the basketball team win a state championship. When his family moved to Ransom, Cromwell earned the nickname the "Ransom Rambler" while attending Ransom High School as a standout in football, basketball and track. He was a national AAU junior champion in the decathlon, a three-time state champion in track and earned consensus All-State honors in football and basketball. He was named the Wichita Eagle's high school football player of the decade for the 1970s.

College
Cromwell was an honorable mention All-America quarterback for the University of Kansas Jayhawks under coach Bud Moore. He started at quarterback for two seasons, throwing 92 passes and completing 33 for 606 yards. He is one of KU's ten 1,000-yard rushers in school history.

As a freshman in 1973 under Coach Don Fambrough, he was the starting free safety in the Liberty Bowl. After being a two-year starter and All Big 8 performer at safety, he made the move to quarterback where he broke several KU, Big Eight and NCAA records for rushing by a quarterback. In 1975, Cromwell rushed 294 and 187 yards in the Oregon State and Wisconsin games, respectively, and finished the season with 1,124 rushing yards. He also scored a touchdown in a 23-3 win over the University of Oklahoma who were ranked #1 at the time and the defending national champions. In 1975, he was named Big 8 Offensive Player of the Year by the AP. Despite playing in just 18 games on offense at Kansas (he suffered a season-ending knee injury in his senior year when the Jayhawks were 5-1 and ranked in the top 10), he is 13th on the school's all-time rushing charts and is the top rushing quarterback. He holds the Kansas record for most rushes (24) by a Kansas player in a Bowl game (set vs. Pittsburgh in the 1975 Sun Bowl).

Cromwell also earned All-America honors in the 600-yard run and the 440 intermediate hurdles while setting KU records in the 600-meter and 400-meter yard runs, the intermediate hurdles (a record he still holds at 49:47) and the decathlon and qualified for the US Olympic trials in the low hurdles.

He was part of the Big-8 champion mile relay team in 1975 and 1976 and was the Big-8 440-yd/400-meter hurdle champ in both 1975 and 1976. With Cromwell's contributions the 1975 Jayhawk track team finished ranked second in the NCAA in outdoor track and fifth in indoor track while capturing both titles for the Big-8 Conference. In 1976 they repeated as Big-8 indoor champs and were second in outdoor while finishing tied for 9th in the NCAA in indoor competition and tied for 20th in outdoor competition. In 1977, he was voted Big Eight Athlete of the Year.

Cromwell was inducted into the Kansas Sports Hall of Fame in 1996.

NFL
Cromwell was drafted by the Los Angeles Rams as a defensive back in the second round, with the 32nd pick, in 1977 and played his entire 11-year career in Los Angeles. He was the Rams' nickelback in 1977 and 1978 and a standout on special teams; running a fake field goal as a holder was Cromwell's specialty. In 1979, he won the starting free safety position and was named second-team All-NFC.

He was named the 1980 NFC Defensive Player of the Year by UPI and by the Kansas Committee of 101, and was named by Football Digest as the NFL Defensive Back of the Year in four consecutive years: 1980 through 1983. He was also selected to play in four consecutive Pro Bowls, from 1980–1983. Cromwell was part of the Rams defenses that performed well in the late 1970s as well as the Top 10 defenses of 1985 and 1986 when Rams qualified for the playoffs five of his last six seasons.

At the time of his retirement, he was the Rams' all-time leader in interception return yardage with 671 yards on 37 interceptions. After retirement, he was named to the NFL 1980s All-Decade Team and the Orange County Sports Hall of Fame. The Professional Football Researchers Association named Cromwell to the PRFA Hall of Very Good Class of 2014.

Along with his various accomplishments on the field, Cromwell also starred and "danced" in the 1986 Rams promotional video Let's Ram It, rapping "I like to ram it, as you can see, nobody likes ramming it more than me," after introducing himself as "Hollywood handsome, Dodge City tough."

NFL
After retirement as an active player, Cromwell began his coaching career with the Rams. He served as a defensive and special teams assistant in 1991 before being hired by Mike Holmgren to coach special teams for the Green Bay Packers in 1992. From 1992–97, Cromwell headed up the special teams for the Packers. The Packers' punt return unit led the NFL in 1996 with a 15.1-yard return average. Five different times during the 1996 season, one of Cromwell's players was honored as Special Teams Player of the Week. Also in 1996, the Packers won Super Bowl XXXI against the New England Patriots in New Orleans with special teams player Desmond Howard winning the Super Bowl MVP honors. The following year, the Packers reached Super Bowl XXXII in San Diego against the Denver Broncos. In 1998, he moved from special teams to coach the Packers' wide receivers and Cromwell worked with the wide receivers at Green Bay in 1998 helping Pro Bowler Antonio Freeman lead the NFL with 1,424 yards on 84 catches

After two Super Bowl appearances with Green Bay, in 1996 and 1997, Cromwell followed Holmgren to the Seattle Seahawks to coach the wide receivers. Cromwell's 2002 wide receiver corps set a franchise record for 300-yard (five) and 400-yard (two) passing games and in 2003 helped quarterback Matt Hasselbeck set a club record with 3,841 passing yardsIn Seattle, Cromwell again made a Super Bowl appearance as a coach during the Seahawks' 2005 season.

Cromwell was hired by the St. Louis Rams as their wide receivers coach on February 10, 2010. Cromwell and the entire coaching staff were fired following the 2011 season in which the team posted a 2–14 record.

On January 18, 2012, Nolan Cromwell was hired as the Senior Offensive Assistant of the Cleveland Browns.

College
On January 5, 2008, Texas A&M head coach Mike Sherman named Cromwell to be his offensive coordinator. When asked by media as to why he chose Cromwell, Sherman responded "I’ve always been impressed with him and the job he did in (the NFL). He's excited about being part of college football."

On February 10, 2010, Cromwell returned to the NFL as a wide receiver coach for the Rams and worked with the likes of Donnie Avery, Mark Clayton, Brandon Gibson, and other to get into synch with new Rams quarterback Sam Bradford.

Personal life
Nolan married former Rams cheerleader and Miss Hollywood USA 1980–81 Mary Lynne Gehr. They have two children, Lance and Jennifer.

title: Nolan Cromwell


text: User talk:64.83.12.130

title: User talk:64.83.12.130


text:
Ramírez Guitars

Ramírez Guitars (Guitarras Ramírez in Spanish) is a Spanish manufacturer of professional, concert-quality classical and flamenco guitars. Five generations of the Ramírez family have produced Ramirez guitars.

Establishment
José Ramírez learned how to make guitars while an apprentice to Madrid guitar maker Francisco Gonzalez. Once he had finished his apprenticeship he left, and with his younger brother Manuel (1864-1916) opened a guitar making workshop in 1882 on Cava Baja in Madrid, before in 1890 moving to Calle de la Concepción Jerónima nº 2.

In 1891 Manuel proposed to move to Paris and establish himself there, to which José offered his support. However, for unknown reasons, Manuel changed his plans, and decided instead to start his own workshop in Madrid, which would be in direct competition with his brother. This caused a lasting enmity between the brothers and they never spoke again. Manuel opened his workshop at Cava Baja nº 24, before relocating to Plaza de Santa Ana nº 5, and in 1897 to Calle Arlabán nº 10, where he remained until 1912, before moving next door to nº 11.

Enrique Garcia (1868-1922), who began an apprenticeship with José Ramírez brothers in 1883, joined Manuel. The workshop took some time to attract customers, which led Manuel to bring in income by working for a period as an electrician for the Madrid Electric Company, leaving the workshop in the hands of Garcia. The business made violins as well. In 1893 Manuel won a medal at that year's Chicago Fair.

While José made traditional broad shallow guitars in the style of his mentor Gonzalez, with arched tops which produced a hard loud sound, Manuel differed in his style of guitar. He followed the ideas of Antonio Torres and came to be regarded as his successor, yet at the same time he inquisitively experimented and further developed Torres's ideas. As a result, he began producing guitars that had a lighter, delicate sound, that became popular within the flamenco community. As well as Enrique Garcia, among the luthiers that Manuel trained were Domingo Esteso (1882–1937) and Modesto Borreguero (1893-1969), who became his apprentice at the age of 12.

Manuel was also regarded as am excellent maker of violins.

In 1895 Enrique Garcia left his position as Manuel's foreman to move to Barcelona to establish his own workshop. Manuel Ramirez subsequently hired Santos Hernandez (1873-1943) in about 1905 as foreman. By 1912, Manuel Ramírez had been appointed luthier to the National Conservatoire in Madrid.

In 1912 a young Andrés Segovia visited Manuel with a request to rent a guitar for a concert. After hearing him play, Manuel gave him the guitar, which had been largely made by Hernandez. Segovia used the guitar in concerts and on recordings from 1912 to 1937, and played it at his United States debut in New York's Town Hall in 1929. These performances brought Manuel Ramírez's style of guitar and Hernandez's skill to the notice of other players. The guitar that Manuel Ramírez gave Segovia was later donated by Segovia's widow, Emilita, to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, where it now resides.

Manuel Ramírez died on 25 February 1916 before he could enjoy the benefits of his connection with Segovia. Modesto Borreguero then planned to open his own workshop, and even had labels printed, but changed his plans after Manuel's widow asked him to stay. Esteso left in 1917 to establish his own workshop, followed by Hernandez in 1920. Borreguero continued working for Manuel's widow, who died in 1921, until the workshop finally closed around 1923.

Segovia encouraged luthier Hermann Hauser and other makers to copy Manuel Ramírez's style of guitar. Segovia would later play Hauser's guitars until he returned to using a new Ramírez guitar in 1960.

While José Ramírez never built anything other than traditional guitars, he built up a strong business that developed a number of luthiers, including his own son José Ramírez II (1885-1995) as well as Rafael Casana, Enrique Gracia, Julian Gómez Ramírez (1879-1943), who was no relation, Francisco Simplicio and Antonio Viudez.

In 1897, José Ramirez was awarded a gold medal for his guitars at the Logroño exposition.

Against his father's wishes, José Ramírez II (whose full formal name was José Simón Ramírez de Galarreta y Pernías) left the business in 1904 when he was twenty to join a folk group on a planned two-year tour of South America. After touring Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, the group dissolved, and after meeting his future wife, he took up residence as a guitarist in Buenos Aires.

José Ramírez II
Two years after José Ramírez's death in 1923, José Ramírez II, by now married with two children, José Ramírez III and Alfredo, returned to Madrid. Until his return the workshop was managed by his senior luthiers, while his daughters and Jesús Martínez operated the shop. José II bought out his siblings' shares in the business. The business was very seasonal, as generally the guitars were only purchased at the end of the harvest season and at Christmas when they were used by serenading groups. As a result, sufficient income had to be generated during these periods to pay the employees while made the guitars over the summer.

José II moved away from his father's style of guitar to one closer to the style of his uncle Manuel. He introduced the simple elegant headstock that became a feature of the Ramírez brand. In 1929 a Ramírez guitar was awarded a gold medal at the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929 in Seville.

During and in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War, the company had great difficulty in sourcing materials. These shortages encouraged José III, known as Pepé, who had formally joined the workshop in 1940, to experiment with non-traditional woods and design techniques. The younger José's love of innovation was often to the dismay of his father, who felt that the results would not be profitable. This led to frustrations with his father, as frequently he sold his work with little if any documentation as to the construction, the results, or the buyer.

José II's other son Alfredo, who was supportive of his brother's experiments, managed the administrative side of the business. Among the luthiers who were trained or worked for Ramírez Guitars during this period were Marcelo Barbero (1904-1956), Alfonso Benito and Manuel Rodriguez Fernandez (1926-2008).

José Ramírez III
As Alfredo had died in 1954, following the death of José II in 1957, José Ramírez III José III, with the help of his wife Angelita, was forced to take over the management of the business and for a time abandon making guitars himself. However, he continued to experiment, putting designs on paper to be built by his employees and supervising every phase of construction of the instruments.

José III worked closely with top performers, which brought acceptance to his innovations. Since they had first met in 1952, Segovia had encouraged him with constructive yet often brutal criticism to meet his exacting standards.

Among his innovations was to introduce western red cedar (Thuja plicata) for the soundboard of the guitar instead of the spruce that had been used up until then.

In 1959, Manuel Contreras (Madrid, 1926-1995) joined the workshop as a senior luthier and remained with them for three years, until he left to open his own guitar workshop. By 1960, Andrés Segovia was sufficiently impressed with José III's efforts to borrow his first Ramírez guitar and take it on tour with him. Made by Contreras, it incorporated Ramírez's latest ideas with a longer string length of 664 mm, larger body, and asymmetrical bracing, unlike the symmetrical Torres pattern which most luthiers had adhered to since the mid-1800s. It was designed to have the power and projection needed to play solo concerts in large auditoriums, or to play with an orchestra, as well as to produce a fullness of tone, sweetness and a balance across the entire register. Both these innovations and many others are standard today. Ramírez went on to build more guitars for Segovia, which became his guitars of choice after having for the past 25 years used those made by Herman Hauser.

More radical still, in 1963 he built a ten-string guitar for Narciso Yepes, to accommodate Yepes' unique chromatically balanced tuning, and later an eight-string guitar for José Tomás. High-end professional models based on both of these extended-range guitars remain in the company's current catalogue.

As high quality German spruce became difficult to source, and increasingly expensive, José III in 1965 introduced western red cedar on the soundboards of the company's 1a and 2a models, and convinced influential artists to use them. He also developed a new varnish that improved the sound quality while offering better protection.

In the 1960s, to cope with increasing demand, while retaining the original premises at Calle de la Concepción Jerónimo nº 2 as a shop the company moved its workshop to Calle de General Margallo nº 10, and greatly expanded its number of employees in order to produce more guitars. Ramírez established an efficient production basis where the apprentices using dedicated procedures did the basic tasks, which allowed more time for the qualified luthiers to undertake the difficult work. Prior to this, all fine-quality Spanish guitars had been produced by individual luthiers which had resulted in small production levels. To increase production further, Ramírez purchased a building near Ventas, in which a large workshop was established which allowed production to rise to 1,000 hand-built guitars a year.

In 1971 the sales shop was replaced by a larger shop at Concepción Jerónima 5, directly in front of the original establishment.

Up until the early 1970s, the company's classical guitars were built with back and sides made of Brazilian rosewood. As high-quality Brazilian rosewood become scarcer and expensive, most of their classical guitars have since used Indian rosewood.

Ramírez recruited and trained many luthiers, among them Paulino Bernabé, Manuel Caceras, Manuel González Contreras, Felix Manzanero, Manuel Rodriguez, Enrique Borreguero Marcos, Miguel Malo Martinez, José Romero, Ignacio M. Rozas, Mariano Tezanos and Pedro Contreras Valbuena, with many going on to establish their own workshops. Among his apprentices were Ramírez's own children, José IV (1953-2000), who undertook an apprenticeship from 1971 to 1977, and Amalia (1955- ), who had commenced her apprenticeship in 1976 before after its completion, leaving to become an astrologer. In 1979, the company sent a selection of its finest guitars to Segovia, from which he chose one made by José Ramírez IV.

In the late 1980s the end of government export support and changes in Spain's tax structure led to a decrease in sales and the firm getting into financial difficulties.

In 1983, Jose Ramirez III designed the “Camara” guitar, with the intention of eliminating the “wolf notes.” It gave some positive results, for instance, the clarity of its sound was excellent for studio recordings.

In 1988 Jose III passed control of the business to José IV and Amalia, who had returned in the same year to help her brother. A subsequent major restructuring resulted in the closure of the Ventas workshop in 1992, a reduction in the number of employees and concentrating at the General Margallo workshop on wholly handmade professional instruments, which reduced to production rate of 130 a year. They also contracted out the construction of their top-quality student instruments to other workshops, which were then delivered to Ramírez for final inspection and adjustment.

José III died in 1995, his workshop having produced in his lifetime 20,000 hand-built guitars, nearly 30 to 40 times that of most of the company's competitors.

José IV and Amalia Ramírez
Since José III had introduced it in the early 1960s, the company's top hand built model, the 1a or Primeria José IV, had been the rich slightly mellow-sounding Tradicionel, which had the reputation of being an uncomfortable “guitar for giants”. To complement it José IV developed the Especial, a new brighter, lighter-sounding, more comfortable guitar, which was introduced to the market in 1992.

In the summer of 1995 Ramirez were unable to renew the lease on the original shop at Concepción Jerónima nº 2 and moved to Calle de la Paz nº8.

José IV died of lung cancer in 2000, leaving Amalia to oversee the entire operation. this consists of a team of fourteen, including Amalia herself, four other guitar makers, and three apprentices. José IV's children José Enrique and Cristina have been involved in the family business since 2006 and 2007 respectively.

Today the company offers, in addition to classical guitars, electro-acoustic guitars, solid-body electric guitars and flamenco instruments.

A Ramírez hand-built classical guitar is typically made of 14,836 items, of which 438 are essential pieces which make up the structure of the instrument, while the rest are the myriad of little pieces that go into the decoration.

Notable users of Ramírez guitars
Among the artists who have used the company's guitars are:

 * Chet Atkins
 * Charlie Byrd
 * Roberto Fabbri
 * Egberto Gismonti
 * El Niño Miguel
 * George Harrison
 * Robby Krieger
 * Stephen Stills
 * Matthias Jabs
 * Mark Knopfler
 * Alex Lifeson
 * Hank Marvin
 * Mike Oldfield
 * Roy Orbison
 * Christopher Parkening
 * Bucky Pizzarelli
 * Nate Najar
 * Sabicas
 * Alexander-Sergei Ramírez
 * The Romeros
 * Manolo Sanlúcar
 * Andrés Segovia
 * Víctor Monge Serranito
 * Galina Vale
 * Kazuhito Yamashita
 * Narciso Yepes
 * David Russell

title: Ramírez Guitars


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Phr0zed

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE  Rob e  rt  23:43, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Phr0zed
Obscure neologism NeilN 03:10, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, dicdef and neologism. --bainer (talk) 03:35, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. dicdef/neolog. Nateji77 05:37, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to User:Phroziac. Delete nnneologism. -Splash talk 21:05, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Phr0zed


text:
Talk:Elements of the Philosophy of Right

rv
Removed this sentence: Thus, the thesis of the "end of history," proclaimed by Francis Fukuyama and his followers, cannot with justification be called Hegelian.

Fukuyama says exactly the same thing about internal state organization in the introduction of his book. He is without question very much indebted to Hegel on many aspects.

What is missing here is bibliographic information about the translation of the work into English!!! added a section about importance of translation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.37.93.199 (talk) 10:55, 23 July 2008 (UTC)


text:
Infiniheart

Infiniheart is an album by Canadian artist Chad VanGaalen. It was originally released in 2004 on Flemish Eye and was rereleased in 2005 on Sub Pop. The album was recorded in a makeshift studio in VanGaalen's basement, and uses a diverse array of instruments and equipment, almost all played by VanGaalen and some handmade by the artist. Overall, Infiniheart received favorable reviews and drew comparisons to The Flaming Lips and Neil Young.

Track listing

 * 1) "Clinically Dead" – 2:18
 * 2) "After the Afterlife" – 3:38
 * 3) "Kill Me in My Sleep" – 5:58
 * 4) "The Warp Zone/Hidden Bridge" – 4:13
 * 5) "J.C.'s Head on the Cross" – 3:18
 * 6) "Somewhere I Know There Is Nothing" – 4:14
 * 7) "Blood Machine" – 4:25
 * 8) "Echo Train" – 3:19
 * 9) "Build a Home Like a Bee" – 2:13
 * 10) "I Miss You Like I Miss You" – 2:59
 * 11) "Human Totem" – 2:56
 * 12) "Red Blood" – 4:02
 * 13) "1000 Pound Eyelids" – 3:29
 * 14) "Graduated Assassin" – 2:53
 * 15) "Chronograph #1" – 3:23
 * 16) "Sunshine Snare Hits" – 3:58
 * 17) "Liquid + Light" – 2:32
 * 18) "Dolphinariums" – 2:21
 * 19) "Traffic" – 2:48

Rerelease in 2005
The album was rereleased on August 23, 2005 on Sub Pop with a different track listing.
 * 1) "Clinically Dead"
 * 2) "After the Afterlife"
 * 3) "Kill Me in My Sleep"
 * 4) "J.C.'s Head on the Cross"
 * 5) "Somewhere I Know There Is Nothing"
 * 6) "Blood Machine"
 * 7) "Echo Train"
 * 8) "Build a Home Like a Bee"
 * 9) "I Miss You Like I Miss You"
 * 10) "Red Blood"
 * 11) "1000 Pound Eyelids"
 * 12) "The Warp Zone/Hidden Bridge"
 * 13) "Chronograph #1"
 * 14) "Sunshine Snare Hits"
 * 15) "Liquid + Light"
 * 16) "Traffic"

title: Infiniheart


text:
Talk:Thatcher effect

Untitled
"The illustration above depicts two identical photos" ... no, it doesn't! There are lots of copies of this article found by Google, plenty of which have the image -- is it original Wikipedia content or not? Anyway, this needs rephrasing and the image putting in somewhere. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.93.28.6 (talk)

Photo
I added an illustration. Does this agree with everyone? Alex Dodge 06:37, 11 October 2006 (UTC)
 * It could maybe use dividing into clearer pairs, rather than an unexplained block of four pictures. --McGeddon (talk) 12:21, 10 February 2009 (UTC)

Main Photo
I have reverted the sample photo to that of one Iain because the effect in the Margaret Tatcher photo is not pronounced at all (although it is fitting in terms of subject). —Preceding unsigned comment added by BlueStream (talk • contribs) 06:22, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

Folks, this photo is just not cutting it. It either needs to be reprocessed or replaced with something better. For this to be an effective demonstration of the effect, it must HAVE the effect. Whoever did the editing here made it a little too obvious(Or it could be that it's just obvious when next to the unaltered version) - either way, it doesn't work. The site linking me here at a great example, and I'm sure there are plenty of other ones out and about. Please do better?

64.206.141.60 (talk) 05:46, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

It does not work for me either.--Ancient Anomaly (talk) 18:55, 16 December 2010 (UTC)

The photo is simply not good enought, the mustache make it more evident that the reversed tampered photo is indeed tampered. Santropedro (talk) 23:00, 6 March 2016 (UTC)

Rhesus monkeys
I wonder about the accuracy of reporting a conjecture that a shared 30 million year old ancestor processed faces configurally, considering that it may evolve independently in various species which have a social component that find recognition of faces important. I'm going to change the wording to be more tentative, hopefully no-one objects. Ninahexan (talk) 05:06, 23 February 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thatcher effect


text:
Photographic magnitude

Photographic magnitude ($m_{ph}$ or $m_{p}$ ) is a measure of the relative brightness of a star or other astronomical object as imaged on a photographic film emulsion with a camera attached to a telescope. An object's apparent photographic magnitude depends on its intrinsic luminosity, its distance and any extinction of light by interstellar matter existing along the line of sight to the observer.

Photographic observations have now been superseded by electronic photometry such as CCD charge-couple device cameras that convert the incoming light into an electric current by the photoelectric effect. Determination of magnitude is made using a photometer.

Method
Prior to photographic methods to determine magnitude, the brightness of celestial objects was determined by visual photometric methods. This was simply achieved with the human eye by compared the brightness of an astronomical object with other nearby objects of known or fixed magnitude : especially regarding stars, planets and other planetary objects in the Solar System, variable stars and deep-sky objects.

By the late 19th Century, an improved measure of the apparent magnitude of astronomical objects was obtained by photography, often attached as a dedicated plate camera at the prime focus of the telescope. Images were made on orthochromatic photoemulsive film or plates. These photographs were created by exposing the film over a short or long period of time, whose total exposure length accumulates photons and reveals fainter stars or astronomical objects invisible to the human eye. Although stars viewed in the sky are approximate point sources, the process in collecting their light cause each star to appear as small round disk, whose brightness is approximately proportional to the disk's diameter or its area. Simple measurement of the disk size can be optically judged by either a microscope or by an specially designed astronomical microdensitometer.

Early black and white photographic plates used silver halide emulsions that were more sensitive to the blue end of the visual spectrum. This caused bluer stars to have a brighter photographic magnitude against the equivalent visual magnitude: appearing brighter on the photograph  than the human eye or modern electronic photometers. Conversely, redder stars appear dimmer, and have a fainter photographic magnitude than its visual magnitude. For example, the red supergiant star KW Sagittarii has the photographic magnitude range of 11.0p to 13.2p but in the visual magnitude of about 8.5p to 11.0p. It is also common for variable star charts to feature several blue magnitude (B) comparison stars. e.g. S Doradus and WZ Sagittae.

Photographic photometric methods define magnitudes and colours of astronomical objects using astronomical photographic images as viewed through selected or standard coloured bandpass filters. This differs from other expressions of apparent visual magnitude observed by the human eye or obtained by photography: that usually appear in older astronomical texts and catalogues. Early photographic images initially employed inconsistent quality or unstable yellow coloured filters, though later filter systems adopted more standardised bandpass filters which are still used with today's CCD photometers.

Magnitudes and colour indices
Apparent photographic magnitude is usually given as mpg or mp, or photovisual magnitudes mp or mpv. Absolute photographic magnitude is Mpg. These are different from the commonplace photometric systems (UBV, UBVRI or JHK) that are expressed with a capital letter. e.g. 'V" (mV), "B" (mB), etc. Other visual magnitudes estimated by the human eye are expressed using lower case letters. e.g. "v" or "b", etc. e.g. Visual magnitudes as mv. Hence, a 6th magnitude star might be stated as 6.0V, 6.0B, 6.0v or 6.0p. Because starlight is measured over a different range of wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum and are affected by different instrumental photometric sensitivities to light, they are not necessarily equivalent in numerical value.

title: Photographic magnitude


text:
Kowloon Peak

Kowloon Peak, also known as Fei Ngo Shan (literally: "Soaring Goose Mountain"), is a 602 m mountain in the northeast corner of New Kowloon, Hong Kong, situated in Ma On Shan Country Park. With the summit located just to the east of the border between Wong Tai Sin and Sai Kung districts, it is the tallest mountain in Kowloon, and is crossed by both the Wilson Trail and the MacLehose Trail.

On the lower slopes of Tung Yeung Shan about 1.1 mi to the north is the Gilwell Campsite, belonging to The Scout Association.

Geography
Kowloon Peak has a steep slope facing south towards while having a relatively smooth curve towards the east and west. The peak connects with Middle Hill, known also as Cheung Shan, and Tung Shan in the north, forming a ridge of mountains. Despite being in an easily accessible location by car and walks, there are occasional sighting reports of Burmese pythons, East Asian porcupines, red muntjacs and wild boars.

Geology
Kowloon Peak consists mainly of volcanic rocks (many of which are tuffs), and blocks of granite at the base of the mountain.

Hiking and access
There are several paths from Jat's Incline and Fei Ngo Shan Road that lead to the summit. One of Hong Kong's most treacherous and dangerous climbs is the rock climb from Clear Water Bay Road to Kowloon Peak's summit through Suicide Cliff.

Suicide Cliff is not necessarily a place where people commit suicide, but it is such named most likely because the climb is so treacherous, it is akin to committing suicide. The hike has also seen numerous injuries and fatalities. In one instance, two Chinese tourists ran into trouble on Kowloon Peak's Suicide Cliff and caused an extensive rescue operation involving 160 firefighters.

For casual hikers, choosing the easiest path to the summit through Fei Ngo Shan Road is recommendable.

title: Kowloon Peak


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals/Archive5

hre-stub or germany-hist-stub
Been doing a lot of articles on the states in the Holy Roman Empire (800 - 1806AD), which was centred in Germany, but also contained parts of many other European countries. Concerns though were raised about the volume of stubs I've created related to this era of history, as the only relevant stub existing is the hist-stub. --Nomadic1
 * I'd actually considered germany-hist-stub - it would make a lot of sense and would be well populated. Hre-stub (or better HRE-stub) would probably be a bit too cryptic for most people. Grutness...  wha?  3 July 2005 06:21 (UTC)
 * I would agree in principle with germany-hist-stub, but there isn't really a consensus concerning the use of germany in historic terms (see Talk:Germany) Lectonar 4 July 2005 12:35 (UTC)

 * Perhaps not Germany, but since there were Kings of the Germans back in the Middle Ages, one could simply title the stub – german-hist-stub and be done with it. --Joy [shallot]   8 July 2005 09:22 (UTC)

 * Perhaps, but these stubs need a sub-category. Germany as a region has existed since 843AD. There is really only complication in where places such as Austria and Silesia fit, and these would be more logical to place in the general History stub. The alternative of course is a general "European History" stub, see below for that. : Nomadic1 6 July 2005 08:45 (UTC)
 * I'm absolutely on your side here, but I fear that we're gonna run into trouble especially if we start to stub sort events or persons which other users feel to be, e.g., polish et al.; there are people around who would allow the term Germany to be used only after 1945, or, in extreme cases, after 1989 Lectonar 6 July 2005 09:30 (UTC)
 * It's only going to get worse - soon. I've already got plans to heavily populate Salm (probably about 20 - 30 stubs here), Isenburg (another 10 or so), Baden (10), Württemberg (10), and am about to begin a co-ordination on Furstenberg (which will almost definately contain considerably more). I don't think the hist-stub or even a euro-hist-stub would do well with all of these emerging in the near-future. Of course, the concerns you have also apply with most European countries: they'd be objection to a French history stub because the Bretons, Basques, and Catalonians wouldn't like it. You couldn't do an Italy history stub due to the Ladin and Germanic regions of Trentino-Alto Adige, and it emerged in 1860 or thereabouts. A line needs to be drawn somewhere. - Nomadic1 7 July 2005 09:31 (UTC)
 * To that I can only add: Germany as it was in 1071: Naples must stay german! :) Lectonar 7 July 2005 10:02 (UTC)
 * The obvious, but almost certainly unacceptable answer, is to use modern boundaries (we don't give people born in Normandy in the 1100s the same stub we give English people), but - as I said - that would almost certainly be unacceptable. There mst be some way round it, but what? Grutness...  wha?  7 July 2005 11:44 (UTC)

 * I don't think this is much more of a problem than it is already a problem with categorization. Perhaps an example can illustrate - for quite some time the page Dinaric Alps had one country geo-stub and one general geo-stub for all the other countries the mountains were in. Later, all of those countries got their own geo-stubs and all of them (half a dozen :) were added to the article. This was somewhat ugly, but worked. (And then later the article was expanded and is not a stub any more. Yay :) --Joy [shallot]

 * One solution to this could be to use either time-periods (e.g. Medieval-hist-stub), which could also help solve the problems with the nobility-stub [here:Ancient-hist-stub, in which cases one should define the appropriate time-periods, or something to the effect of regions (e.g. CentralEurope-hist-stub Lectonar 7 July 2005 13:01 (UTC)
 * Time periods could work, but then they couldn't for anything which lasted from the Mediæval era until the Napoleonic Era. The use of Geographical regions is also difficult by the same token as above, since, for example, Central Europe includes Austria, Hungary, Germany, etc. but also includes Transylvania (which Romanians wouldn't like), Friuli and Trieste in Italy, and so forth. A HRE-stub becomes the best possibility then (as it ignores modern borders and nationalism), although the idea of the Holy Roman Empire is quite convoluted and complex, and most people would not understand it. But it is still the best. - Nomadic1 7 July 2005 22:26 (UTC)

So, about that then. Do we agree on german-hist-stub? I see no objections. --Joy [shallot]   22:29, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

rail-accident-stub and US-railroad-stub
I've been going through Category:Rail stubs this week sorting as appropriate into subcategories (mostly into UK-depot-stub, but some into US-depot-stub and others into loco-stub). I've sorted pages up through the end of N as such. Looking through those that are left from A to N, the two categories that stand out most to me are articles about railroad accidents worldwide and articles about specific railroad companies in the US. Normally I would be bold and just create these two stub types, but I didn't want to step on any toes. slambo 11:04, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * US-rail-stub would fit the naming conventions (I thought it existed, actually...). Rail accidents would get both that and US-hist-stub. Grutness...  wha?  11:35, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, I can see the bit on the naming convention for US-rail-stub, but I don't quite get your second comment. There are quite a few articles about railroad accidents outside the US such as Ghotki rail crash (Pakistan) and Al Ayyat train disaster (Egypt), so making rail-accident-stub a subcategory of US-hist-stub doesn't seem logical. slambo 11:37, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * My comment was simply where they should currently go, not a comment on whether a new stub category was necessary. And it was my fault for assuming that because you were talking about US railroads you were also talking about rail accidents in the US - of course if it was a disaster in, say Egypt, you'd currently use Africa-hist-stub. Perhaps a more general transport disaster stub of some kind would be better, though, covering everything from Quintinshill to Lockerbie (actually, that's only two miles, so it would need to cover more than that). Grutness...  wha?  10:44, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Just created US-rail-stub and Category:US rail stubs, now sorting from rail-stub into it... slambo 14:55, August 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * There are now 249 articles tagged with US-rail-stub. Creating UK-rail stub would probably cut the remaining 711 rail-stub articles by about the same amount or more.  There are also a large number of articles about Japanese and Indian railroad subjects, but I haven't counted them yet. BTW, Category:Rail stubs has a notice on it about the category's size; what is the threshhold for that message?  I think rail stubs is still quite large, but if it's knocked down to 2/3 or 1/2 of its current size, when doe we remove that notice?  slambo 18:09, August 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Elsewhere on this page I've gone on record for splitting off UK-rail stub; I think that we can go forward in another day or two if there are no further objections or comments. --CComMack 14:26, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

Religion stubs
Category:Religion stubs
 * 4 pages, some churches/cathedrals, some denominations.

 * Category:Catholic-related stubs
 * 3 pages, many of them churches/cathedrals.

 * Category:Christianity-related stubs
 * 4 pages, some churches, some denominations.

For the moment, a category for protestant churches (the buildings, and the congregations that go with them), and parallel ones for RC parish churches and cathedrals would be helpful.

There are already Roman Catholic, Anglican and Lutheran subcategories, which will bring pressure to add additional such denominational subcats. For the moment, adding Category:Protestant denominations would also be helpful. --FourthAve 19:06, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Are you aware that this page is not about general categories, but stubs? If there are sufficient stub articles then it shouldn't be a problem creating something along the lines of protestant-stub and Category:Protestant stubs. Are there sufficient numbers? --TheParanoidOne 19:49, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * This is what I had in mind. There are a lot of Catholic parish churches here, perhaps as many as 100, probably somewhat fewer, but they certainly do come along. These articles tend to be very short. For the moment, a protestant denomination stub would be useful too (it would not get that big). I'm just trying to be helpful. While nowhere near as bad as the Great Dismal Swamp that is biostub, it's slowly getting there.  --FourthAve 20:45, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Mmm. Many olf the religions involved dislike the term protestant, but I understand your point. It might be useful, assuming there were enough stubs. Grutness...  wha? '' 08:07, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Category:Papal stubs basically dupes Category:Popes. I wonder if antipopes should be moved out too. This category contains nothing relating to the popes other than pope bios covered in Popes. Aggh. --FourthAve 21:30, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Again, I wonder if you are misunderstanding the difference in purpose between stub categories and standard categories. If all the articles in Category:Popes are also in Category:Papal stubs, it simply means that all the articles need expansion. as they are expanded, they will be removed from the stub category but remain in the main category. This allows editors to find articles on popes that need expansion. Grutness...  wha?  07:57, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment: for the up above: wouldn't churches have to go in one of the available struct-stubs ?Lectonar 06:00, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes. There are a lot of them in the various struct-stub categories. Having separate church-stub, UK-church-stub, US-church-stub, Euro-church-stub, Asia-church-stub (or perhaps XX-reli-struct-stub in each case?) would be very usefu, as it would significantly reduce the equivalent struct-stub categories. Those can feed into reli-stub and struct-stub as parent categories. Since many smaller churches are multidenominational and information on individual churches will be as much (if not more) about the structure as the use of the structure, it makes little sense to link them to individula denominations. Grutness...  wha?  07:57, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Food-related stub categories
In my efforts to clear out Category:Corporation stubs, I have created Category:Food corporation stubs (food-corp-stub), as a daughter of food-stub and corp-stub. In my first stint of filling the new category (there are now 75 articles in the category), I have come across the problem that the scope of the stub template is too broad. Therefore I would like to propose splitting the food-corp-stub in two: food, candy, confectionery and/or beverage corporations retain the current tag, but a new tag will be created for restaurants and bars/pubs: restaurant-stub. This should also put an end to the length problem of the current stub text: "This article about a food, candy, confectionery and/or beverage corporation or company, or about a restaurant or a chain of restaurants, is a stub." Between 40 and 45 articles from the category as it is would be moved to the new Restaurant stub category. This number will probably have risen once I've sifted through the Category:Corporation stubs. Aecis 17:11, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Apparently the restaurant-stub template already exists, but it does not lead to any category and the wording could do with improvement. Because the template already exists, and because my proposal is part of an older "project" of mine, I would like to request permission to circumvent or "ignore" the one week waiting period. Aecis 17:16, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * There are also at least 38 articles in the Food and drink stubs category about cheese. Is that enough for a cheese stub category? (The 38 articles would place the new category between Category:Cooking tool stubs (21 articles) and Category:Fruit stubs (62 articles), other daughters of Category:Food and drink stubs.) Aecis 17:27, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Because the restaurant-stub template had already been created, I saw no alternative but to be bold, act immediately, clean up the template and create a new stub category. So there now is a template (restaurant-stub) with a matching category. Aecis 23:16, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * A lot of this is covered in the first section of proposals at the very top of this page. Cheese is a very likely candidate, although 38 is a bit slim. I also wonder, now that drink stubs have been separated out, whether it should be moved to its own category and "Food and drink stubs" be changed to just "Food stubs" - any thoughts? Grutness...  wha?  01:20, 3 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I think "Food stubs" would be a more appropriate category for the food-stub tag then "Food and drink stubs", which might be kept as a parent category of daughter stub categories. Aecis 11:27, 3 August 2005 (UTC)
 * For what it's worth: the number of cheese-related stubs has risen to between 50 and 60, and counting. Aecis 12:46, 11 August 2005 (UTC) (edit: judging from the Category:Cheeses, my estimate is that there are about 80 to 90 cheese-stubs on Wikipedia.)

I've now managed to finish counting the cheese stubs. In the Category:Food and drink stubs, I have found 40 41 cheese stubs. In the Category:Cheeses and its daughters, I have found 35 cheese stubs. This makes a grand total of 75 76 cheese stubs so far. This is above the threshold (60 stub articles) set for new stub templates/categories, so if there are no objections, I will create the template and fill the matching category. Aecis 00:22, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The stub never got added to the list, which I just corrected. Caerwine 19:37, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Oz-stubs
I want to make a series of stubs for the new WikiProject related to the Wizard of Oz, for example: oz-stub, oz-book-stub, oz-character-stub, etc. Right now they are scatered around in other categories, and I would like to concentrate them. --— [[User:JonMoore|—Jo nMo ore  20:24, 29 May 2006 (UTC)]] 00:19, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Could you give us some numbers there? How many stubs pertaining to Oz are around at the moment? Lectonar 06:32, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * There are currently about 100 articles in the Oz/Wicked series. I would say approx. 75% are stubs, with plans to create new articles in the future. — [[User:JonMoore|—Jo nMo ore  20:24, 29 May 2006 (UTC)]] 23:49, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I decided to Be bold and created the stub tag and category. It's currently populated by around 80 articles, with room for expansion depending on how prolific the Wikiproject contributors are. GeeJo (talk) 17:42, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry. I'm afraid I haven't added any templates I created recently. I will set this straight within the next few hours. Aecis 20:43, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

New Hampshire Stub
It'd be nice if there was a stub template for all 50 states. I've seen a few stubs based on topics here in New Hampshire. Karmafist 01:29, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * "A few" isn't really enough, though. If there's a wikiproject or if we know that there are a lot of stubs (preferably the best part of 100), then yes, it would be worth breaking a separate NewHampshire-stub out. At the moment, though, neither really apply. (BTW, I've moved this to the right place on the page) Grutness...  wha?  01:56, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Create G.A.A.-Club-stub Stub
There are many G.A.A. Club articles.Enought to warrant their own stub.--Fenian Swine 22:16, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * My initial reaction is, "What is a GAA club?". Without knowing this, the following generic questions still apply: Roughly how many current stub articles could this stub type be applied to? What are these stubs currently marked as? What existing stub category/categories will this help to reduce? --TheParanoidOne 22:56, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * If it were needed (which I don't know, since I'm not certain what a G.A.A.Club is), then GAA-stub would be a far better name. My guess is that it's Gaelic sports (based on Gaelic Athletics Association and the proposer's user name). if so, gaelic-sport-stub would be an even better name - and that one might get enough stubs, since it would be more all-inclusive. Not only would it cover the clubs, but also the sports and biographies of people like Michael Hogan (sportsman). Grutness...  wha?  00:52, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm going ahead and making this one as gaelic-sport-stub. I suspect there will be quite a few and sport-stub's at the stage where any split is likely to be a good one. Grutness...  wha?  06:49, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

Battle stub
At present, stubs concerning battles use hist-stub, so Category:History stubs contains 150+ obvious "Battle of ..." articles, and quite probably more under different names. I think that creating a battle-stub is appropriate at this point. -- Kirill Lokshin 21:04, August 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Phrasing is needed which limits usage to past battles, to prevent spread to many current types of conflicts. (SEWilco 21:16, 21 August 2005 (UTC))
 * Many battle-related stubs are sorted under mil-stub. Aecis 23:18, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

miniatures-stub
Further to the above, it might also be a plan to have a stub category for miniatures wargames: there's a fair number, admittedly mainly due to Warhammer and Battletech. Alai 01:19, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * May be worthwhile, but it would need a better name. "Miniatures" can mean many things. Grutness...  wha?  01:40, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * game-miniatures-stub, or something of that nature? (assuming it's needed) --Mairi 01:44, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * miniatures-game-stub would be a little better, but is still quite a mouthful. miniatures-wargame-stub somewhat moreso, on both counts.  mini-game-stub or minis-game-stub would be far less clear.  By and large I'd be inclined to stick with my original suggestion, which would be familiar to those in the gaming hobby, and is not that deeply mysterious otherwise.  Alai 04:46, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * miniatures are also used in some roleplaying games, which is why I didn't want to make it specific to wargames. I agree with mini-game-stub and minis-game stub being less clear. And while miniatures-stub might be clear to those involved in gaming, it wouldn't to other people, which would lead to it being applied to articles it wasn't meant for. miniatures-game-stub would work for me too, assuming there are actually enough stub to warrant creating the category.
 * I used to do miniatures wargaming myself, but when I see miniatures-stub my first though is miniature bottles of spirits and liqueurs, so I'd still tend towards miniatures-game-stub (assuming there are enough articles). Grutness...  wha?  05:33, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Hrm, I'm a Scotch drinker, and not a miniatures wargamer, but that reading never occurred to me. I must not be drinking enough, as Don Henley would say.  To argue against myself:  it's only going to be an immediately viable stub-cat if we include the numerous Warhammer stubs, which strictly peaking aren't filed under wargames or miniatures games categories -- perhaps because most of the stubs seem to be WF/WH40K 'universe' topics, and thus not wargame-specific as such (there being video games and RPGs in that setting too).  Alai 13:35, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * What occured first to me was cameos and similer small art forms. Other possibility, "toy" dog breeeds. The more specific name is clearly needed. DES (talk) 06:24, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

fashion-bio-stub
For fashion designers and whatever (makeup artists?). Can't figure out where to sort them as it is now. --Joy [shallot]   22:32, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * How broad of category would it be? Would it, say, include fashion photographers? --Mairi 03:34, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I think those would be covered by the next proposal down ↓ Grutness...  wha?  03:49, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I would think so to, but I'm wondering how broadly fashion-bio-stub is going to be worded, such that they'd be excluded (as they would be biographies relating to fashion...), while not just limiting it to fashion designers. --Mairi 02:44, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

photographer-stub
For photographers. Also can't figure out where to sort them right now. I sorted some under artist-stub but that's stretching it. --Joy [shallot]   22:33, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounds like a good idea. There's easily enough stubs for it, too. --Mairi 03:26, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 'Til now I double-sorted them under photo-stub and an appropriate country-bio-stub...Lectonar 11:01, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, this will make sorting out bio-stub a lot easier. Jaxl | talk 15:34, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Radio personalities
We don't seem to have a specific category for "radio personalities". I stumbled into a fair few of those while trawling People stubs. --Joy [shallot]   22:28, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

I'm sorting them into radio-stub now, and leaving bio-stub in if applicable. Google search for 'site:en.wikipedia.org "This biographical article is a stub." radio' returns less than two hundred hits so I'm not so worried. --Joy [shallot]   18:31, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Some of them can have bio-stub replaced by journalist-stub, but many can't. --Joy [shallot]

 * Don't worry, radio fans seem to be just as obsessive as rail fans, metro fans, road geeks, etc. As soon as they finish writing stubs for every single radio station around the world they will start writing articles on every radio DJ in the world. When I've found any in the LA area, I've tried to merge them into the articles about their radio stations. There are only a few LA DJs, such as Jim Ladd, who deserve their own articles. Blank Verse  ∅  19:00, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Has anything been decided on this proposal? If not, I'd like to suggest "broadcaster-stub" instead. There are a lot of radio personality stubs but there are also a lot of tv personalities (who are not journalists or actors). BrainyBroad 00:26, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

 * But the difference is that the TV people have tv-bio-stub, radio people don't have such a category. --Joy [shallot]   23:08, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Radio-bio-stub has been created, actually. Should be further down on this page. Jaxl | talk 23:20, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Earth scientist stubs
I've been doing a lot of sorting of the scientist stubs and I think there definitely needs to be a geologist-stub and maybe another one for climatologists and meteorologists (it could be a combo one, like the existing one for climatology and meteorology). I've never proposed for one of these, forgive me if I'm going about this wrong. :) --Etacar11  17:54, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Roughly how many stub articles would fit in each of those? If there isn't enough for splitting them, perhaps a combined geosci-bio-stub or earthsci-bio-stub (or other varient) would work. --Mairi 05:25, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll check the numbers when I get the chance. And thanks for moving this, I missed a heading there. :) --Etacar11   05:38, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Rough numbers: I counted about 125 potential geologist stubs (including mineralogists and petrologists). And that's not even including the paleontologists, who probably should have both geologist and biologist stub listing.  For climatologists/meteorologists I count about 60.  Enough for two separate stubs, do you think? --Etacar11   15:56, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd say that's enough for 2 seperate stubs, altho 60 is borderline. Perhaps call the one for climatologists/meteorologists climate-bio-stub (to match the existing climate-stub), altho I'm not sure I like that name much. --Mairi 21:54, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * what about something like geoscience-bio-stub, which could then include more than just geologists (geographers e.g.)? and the other one perhaps weather-bio-stub (that sounds weird...) Lectonar 08:23, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Too late, I made the geologist stub last night! :) Of course, a geoscience one would do for geographers, geodesy people, etc.  Personally, for the climatologists and meteorologists, I think climate-bio-stub sounds better. --Etacar11   14:27, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * tststs (using a chiding tone)...you could have waited the appropriate time (see procedure) ;) Lectonar 11:23, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oooops, missed the last line in the procedure. Sorry, again!  My bad. --Etacar11   14:22, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

General Relativity stub
I want to create a general relativity-stub. It would be nice to have a little picture in there somewhere for easy identification, maybe something like ---Mpatel  (talk) 09:57, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * I have my doubts about whether or not there is a need for this. How many existing stub articles do you forsee being labelled with this proposed stub type? --TheParanoidOne 10:28, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, quite a lot. Just take a glance at the general relativity pages (e.g. Kerr metric, fluid solution, Kerr-Newman metric, electrovacuum solution, Bonnor beam, lambdavacuum solution, Anti de Sitter space, to name a handful) and you will see a plethora of red links to GR related stuff. In recent months, there has been a surge of activity in the GR pages, but this has just started. There are many GR articles that will be of stub-status soon. Also, we have at least one expert on the subject helping to clean up the GR pages and many red links seem to be forthcoming. ---Mpatel (talk) 10:50, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Forgive me - physics is not my field - but would there be any confusion in just calling it relativity-stub? Grutness...  wha?  11:06, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * That's a possibility, but GR is the more comprehensive theory. Special relativity (SR) is a related theory, but 'simpler'. However, it may be better just to call it relativity-stub, as there will certainly be more stubs that way. Once I get more GR people involved in this issue, we should reach a decision on the name. ---Mpatel (talk) 11:55, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * The advantages I see with a relativity-stub are that the name is simpler and the subject is more all-encompassing. Whereas it might be a struggle to get 100 stubs related to general relativity, 100 related to both general and special relativity would be more likely. It is also likely to be the same group of editors who would work on both topics, I would think. The general idea with stubs is that you want to specialise a topic enough for it to be useful, but not so much that the category formed is too narrow. Grutness...  wha?  01:09, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * First of all, as one of the general relativity editors I strongly support the creation of either a relativity-stub or general relativity-stub. It would be very helpful to have a place to go to find the relativity subjects that need work.  This stub, if it automatically places articles into an related category, will be very helpful in that regard.
 * That said, my support is more for the relativity stub. My primary reason for this is the large overlap between the special and general theories, such that it would be better to pull the relativity-related stubs aside as whole   and worry later about how to subset it if that is ever necessary.  (It is not a given that stubbing needs will divide themselves out a neatly as the categorization needs do.)   On the other hand, I will note that Grutness is mistaken about the SR and GR editors being the same group.  GR is a much broader and arcane field of study than SR is.  Those of us who have chosen to focus on it have a depth of knowledge and experience such that working on SR almost seems like a waste of our time.  (That is not to say that we do not work on SR pages at times, but usually we are content to let others do that work.)  Even so, a unified relativity page will give both groups a chance to make appropriate contributions in the area as a whole, and I think that is an advantage. --EMS | Talk 04:08, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It looks like the relativity-stub seems more appropriate and popular. I say we go for the relativity-stub. ---Mpatel (talk) 13:40, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi all, I, Mpatel, and EMS are working on drafting a manifesto founding a new project, WikiProject GTR. We all have at least some technical expertise in this area at the graduate or Ph.D. level.  A still incomplete draft of our "manifesto" for this project can be found at User:Hillman/Wikiproject GTR draft, which may give some impression of the amount of thought we are putting into this.  (At the moment, this is an informal project; we expect to pursue creating a formal project once the manifesto has been completed.)  The basic goal of the project will be to  greatly expand and improve the pages dealing with general relativity, one of the most successful and beautiful scientific theories of all time, and also one of the most misunderstood, because of the many conceptual challenges it presents.  Our intent is by improving organization and content of existing articles and by adding many new articles (and merging in cases of multiple articles on the same topic) to help the general public and students at all levels find reliable and current information at a technical level they can handle.

 * The proposed relativity-stub will assist us in doing this work. As for the name, our focus is on general relativity, but we are working on honor of the World Year of Physics, which honors all of Einstein's achievements, so the broader relativity-stub is not inappropriate.  On the other hand, I would also be happy with the name gtr-stub which would be consonant with the name of the project.  Note that "gtr" is a very commonly employed acronym likely to be understood by most people seriously interested in black holes and so forth, regardless of their level of technical expertise.  Also, Grutness, on the order of a hundred GTR stubs is not by no means out of the question!  But again, I would be quite happy with either name.

 * If you look at Category:General relativity you will see some new subcategories which we need to populate; some lists I am keeping, contributors to general relativity and lists of links (mostly to articles yet to be written) at the end of articles listed at the end of exact solutions in general relativity should give some idea of the kind of articles which might initally be gtr-stubs.  As we proceed with the work, I expect that we will identify more areas which need work, and here too the new stub should be helpful.  If you look at my contributions, you should see that I have already created many of the articles listed in these categories during the past few months.  Grutness, I can assure you that on the order of a hundred GTR stubs is not by no means out of the question!

 * A question: it might be helpful to us if we could tag biographical stubs for Category:contributors to general relativity with both gtr-stub and physicist-stub. As far as I know, this would be fine, but please speak up if you know otherwise.---CH  (talk) 17:18, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * gtr-stub? Only if they're guitarists! We avoid abbreviations where possible here because they could lead to ambiguity. I think relativity-stub is the better name by far - it would also be easier to split later into general-relativity-stub and special-relativity-stub, if needed. As to double-stubbing, that's a standard practice here, although if there were going to be enough biographical stubs it might even be worth splitting off a relativity-physicist-stub. Grutness...  wha?  03:41, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, so how exactly does one go about actually creating a stub ? ---Mpatel (talk) 11:22, September 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * It's mentioned in the proposal steps at the top of the page. --TheParanoidOne 12:48, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Mongolia or Central Asia related stub
There is a Mongolia related geo-stub (Central Asia geography stubs ), but nothing for any other Mongolia related topics. Some (OK one) new stubs that I have encountered are Khan related (Category:Mongol_Khans) like Tughlugh_Timur. Something like Mongolia-related stubs Mongolia-stub or (See also talk at MediaWiki_talk:Central_Asia) should do the job. would naturally include more stubs, hard to say how many though. Google search "site:en.wikipedia.org Mongolia stub" yields 338 pages,, adding -"location article" to remove those geo articles gives 285 hits. It seems that currently those articles get a bio- or hist-stub mostly. One example of an unavailability for a stub tag is here Treaty_between_Tibet_and_Mongolia_(1913) (although probably not a stub anymore) - having a tibet-, but not a mongolia-stub (CAsia-stub). Future additions are probable so whynot create one. I would go for the Mongolia-stub since it seems more accurate and less troublesome (geopolitical correctness), than a. Comments? Suggestions... feydey 11:51, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps start with CAsia-stub and see how full it gets - it can always be pared off into separate countries later. That would parallel what's happened ith the geography stubs. I suspect some items - especially historical ones - will overlap national boundaries anyway. Grutness...  wha?  01:13, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Orchid Genera and Species
As a new editor in the Wikipedia I've been noticing that my area of interest, Orchids, has a nice long list of many of the Orchid genera but there are many of these genera that are red links. Furthermore when I go into the actual blue-link genera many of the entries simply have the species listed as text in the article. Example: Dracula (orchid) genera. I started looking into the stubs to see how I might bring attention to this gap in information and only found the Plant-stub. I've already added a couple entries of this stub to the genera pages, but before I go running off with this approach on the 800+ genera and the species I'd like to call attention to, I figured it made more sense to propose more specific stubs. My proposal is to add the following two stubs as sub-categories of the plant stub: Orchid-genera-stub and Orchid-species-stub (Brett Francis 03:08, 29 August 2005 (UTC))

 * Again, two separate templates is probably overkill. The same editors would be working on the two types of articles - so why increase their work by having them look in two separate categories - surely a single orchid-stub is enough? Grutness...  wha?  07:29, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Category:Plant stubs is at 8 pages right now, so I guess it's in need of a split. I don't enough about plants to know how to split it, but orchid-stub seems reasonable. --TheParanoidOne 10:18, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The only thought about two stubs; one for genera and one for the plants themselves... is that it is my understanding there are people that are experts within one genera (i.e. Orchid-species-stub) and then people that are experts across genera (i.e. Orchid-genera-stub). But for the sake of starting with less-is-more, I'll shrink my proposal to orchid-stub as suggested which can always be grown later. (Brett Francis 01:38, 30 August 2005 (UTC))

 * OK it has been a week, I'm adding orchid-stub as there have been no other objections. {Brett Francis 04:39, 6 September 2005 (UTC)}


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Kekekabic Trail

The Kekekabic Trail, commonly referred to as "The Kek," is a hiking trail that runs about 39 miles from Snowbank Road near Ely, Minnesota to the western terminus on the Gunflint Trail in northwestern Cook County. It connects with the Border Route Trail on its eastern terminus. The Kekekabic Trail runs through the center of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness and begins opposite the Snowbank Trailhead on the Ely side. Most of the trail lies in Lake County. The Kekekabic is known for being very remote, primitive and rugged in nature, and for solitude.

The trail's landscape and hiking experience can be divided into thirds. The western third lies mostly in a forest canopy of aspen, jack pine, some large white pine, and boreal conifers. There was a major blowdown in 2016 from the west trailhead to near Thomas Pond. The middle third passes through the remnants of the 1999 blowdown and the forest is composed of young trees, some large white pines that survived the storm, a lot of broken off snags, and a large amount of downfalls. The eastern third, east of Agamok Bridge, passes through parts of the 1999 blowdown that also burned in the Ham Lake and Cavity Lake wildfires. Here, the trail passes through areas where a majority of the tree canopy was killed by the fires. Aspen, birch, and Jack Pines are growing back quickly and there are also several open grassy sections near Seahorse Lake.

The Kekekabic is an official part of the North Country National Scenic Trail and is maintained by the Kekekabic Trail Club Chapter of the North Country Trail Association. The Chapter publishes a regularly updated guidebook for the trail that features detailed descriptions and hiking maps. The Chapter is also responsible for developing 20+ miles of the North Country Scenic Trail in between the Kekekabic Trail and Ely.

title: Kekekabic Trail