text:
8×60mm S

The 8×60mm S is a rimless bottlenecked centerfire cartridge of German origin, dating back to the interbellum period between World War I and World War II. The bore has the same dimensions as the German 7.92×57mm Mauser service cartridge (designated as "S-bore"). The 8×60mm S can, due to its 83.6 mm overall length, easily be chambered in standard sized Mauser 98 bolt-action rifles. In such military M98 bolt actions internal magazine boxes feature a magazine length of 84 mm.

History
After World War I, the Allied forces signed the Treaty of Versailles. This Treaty prohibited the use of standard military weapons and ammunition by Germany. However, civilian hunters didn't want to give up on this round, so a new cartridge was designed by the German arms manufacturer Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken (DWM). Extending the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge case by 3 mm (2 mm of lengthened body plus 1 mm of lengthened neck) created the 8×60mm S. The 8×60mm S bullet diameter is 8.22 mm (.323 in) as found in the 8×57mm IS.

The new cartridge used the same bullet and therefore only the chamber of the rifle had to be modified (reamed out by 2 mm plus 1 mm of neck extension) to accommodate the slightly longer case. This operation was easily performed on Gewehr 98 and Karabiner 98k rifles. It also meant that owners of rifles so re-chambered could not then be used as an "ad hoc" reserve to the German Army (that was one of the issues of concern at Versailles of reserves of male civilians disguised as rifle club members with their own privately owned rifles - being trained as reinforcements in time of war as the German Army was by that Treaty limited not only to 100,000 men but also to the number of rifles it could possess) as standard military ammunition could not now be safely fired in rifles so converted.

8×60mm
Since this chamber reaming operation is also possible for earlier I-bore rifles, 8×60mm chambered rifles (without the S or any other further additions) also exist. 8×60mm rifles sport the earlier tighter 8.07 mm (.318 in) I-bore as found in the 8×57mm I.

To avoid potentially serious accidents, it is important to distinguish clearly between cartridges loaded for these two different bullet diameters, and only fire them in appropriately chambered/barrelled rifles.

Cartridge dimensions
The 8×60mm S has 4.16 ml (64 grains) H2O cartridge case capacity. The exterior shape of the case was designed to promote reliable case feeding and extraction in bolt-action rifles, under extreme conditions.

8×60mm S maximum C.I.P. cartridge dimensions. All sizes in millimeters (mm).

Americans would define the shoulder angle at alpha/2 ≈ 19.1 degrees. The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 240 mm (1 in 9.45 in), 4 grooves, Ø lands = 7.89 mm, Ø grooves = 8.20 mm, land width = 4.40 mm and the primer type is large rifle.

According to the official C.I.P. rulings, the 8×60mm S can handle up to 405.00 MPa Pmax piezo pressure. In C.I.P. regulated countries every rifle has to be proofed at 125% of this maximum pressure to certify for sale to consumers. This means that 8×60mm S chambered firearms in C.I.P. regulated countries are currently (2016) proof tested at 506.00 MPa PE piezo pressure.

Contemporary use
Mostly Mauser Gewehr 98 and Karabiner 98k rifles were rechambered for this caliber. Other rifles, not rarely based on the Mauser action, were chambered for this cartridge too.

The 8×60mm S offers compared to its parent cartridge, the 8×57mm IS, about 1 to 2% extra muzzle velocity due to its slightly larger case capacity and higher maximum operating pressure. This results in a flatter trajectory and better performance at longer range.

The popularity of the 8×60mm S peaked just after World War I and continued throughout the 1930s and 1940s. Today the cartridge is almost obsolete. No or very few rifles are produced for this round. Only two mainstream manufacturers (RWS and Prvi Partizan), along with some other smaller companies like Nolasco and Sologne, continue to produce the cartridge for hunting.

Loaded with short light bullets it can be used on small European game like roe deer and chamois. Loaded with long heavy bullets it can be used on big European game like boar, red deer, moose and brown bear. The 8×60mm S offers very good penetrating ability due to a fast twist rate that enables it to fire long, heavy bullets with a high sectional density. The 8×60mm S can be used in countries which ban civil use of former or current military ammunition. The 8×60mm S's rimmed sister cartridge, the 8×60mm RS, is also not popular in central Europe for the same reasons as the 8×60mm S.

After World War II, while German hunters couldn't use centerfire magazine rifles altogether until the 1950s, the 8×60mm S was very popular in European countries like France and Belgium where until recently the possession of rifles in their original military caliber was tightly regulated. It allowed French licensed gun owners to possess rifles based on the Mauser Gewehr 98 system under the less constraining "hunting rifle" category. This restriction was abolished in France in the mid 2010s and in Belgium a few years earlier.

The also-rare 8×64mm S cartridge offers a comparable rechambering option for Mauser Gewehr 98 and Karabiner 98k rifles sporting 8 mm S-bores. Due to its larger case capacity the 8×64mm S chambering offers better ballistic performance than the 8×60mm S. In such military M98 bolt actions the magazine boxes, however, have to be adapted by a competent gunsmith to function properly with the 8×64mm S cartridge.

Handloaders can also produce this round, by altering a .30-06 Springfield case and using a standard 8 mm bullet. Prvi Partizan is a major supplier of brass components for European 8×60mm S Handloaders.

title: 8×60mm S


text:
Trans-2-Phenyl-1-cyclohexanol

trans-2-Phenyl-1-cyclohexanol is an organic compound. The two enantiomers of this compound are used in organic chemistry as chiral auxiliaries.

Preparation
The enantioselective synthesis was accomplished by J. K. Whitesell by adding Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase to racemic trans-2-phenylcyclohexyl chloroacetate. This enzyme is able to hydrolyze the ester bond of the (−)-enantiomer but not the (+)-enantiomer. The (−)-cyclohexanol and the (+)-ester are separated by fractional crystallization and the isolated (+)-ester hydrolyzed to the (+)-cyclohexanol in a separate step.

The enantiomers have also been prepared by the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation of 1-phenylcyclohexene to the diol followed by the selective reduction of the 1-hydroxyl group by Raney nickel.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Trans-2-Phenyl-1-cyclohexanol


text:
User:Wikiuser 7

Wikiuser Blog
Just started this account. Created article John Lennon Day and edited The Simpsons for slight inaccuracy.

John Lennon
I happen to be a fan, and today would have been his 65'th birthday were he not murdered by a confused loony. What a loss. I hope people will not forget his music or his message.

The Simpsons
It should be noted that the show is so popular, it is considered an honour to be invited to parody oneself in one of it's episodes. In fact, this was noted. By me.

Wikipedia
Wikipedia is an amazing service. If you're a frequent user who writes/edits, keep up the good work.

--Wikiuser 7 18:37, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Wikiuser 7


text:
Jenny Wren

"Jenny Wren" is a song by Paul McCartney from his 2005 album Chaos and Creation in the Backyard. It was also released, in the United Kingdom on 21 November 2005, as the second single from the album.

Background
"Jenny Wren" was written in Los Angeles, and is about a character of the same name from Charles Dickens' 1865 novel Our Mutual Friend. It also refers to a bird known as the wren, which is reported to be McCartney's favourite. McCartney wrote the tune in the same sort of finger picking style found in "Blackbird", "Mother Nature's Son" (The Beatles) and "Calico Skies" (Flaming Pie). The song earned a nomination for the 2007 Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance category.

The solo is played on an Armenian woodwind instrument, called a duduk—a first in pop music history—played by Venezuelan-born world winds specialist and multi-instrumentalist Pedro Eustache. The guitar is tuned down a whole step for the song, providing a unique sound that reflects McCartney's earlier works.

As to who Jenny Wren is, McCartney said: "A wren is one of my favourite birds, little English bird, it’s the smallest English bird and I always feel very privileged to see a wren because they’re very shy and it’s just, Ah! So a combination of all of that. It’s a favourite bird for me, and then instead of making it a bird, again like ‘Blackbird,’ only more definitely this time I made it a woman, you know, a girl."

Recording
The song was recorded in October 2004, with duduk overdub added in a separate session on 25th of the same month.

Covers and references
The song has been covered by several artists, such as the Norwegian jazz trio SOLID! who recorded an instrumental version on their 2008 release Happy Accidents (AIM Records).

Track listing

 * Digital single released 31 October 2005
 * 1) "Jenny Wren" (radio edit) – 2:09

 * 7" R6678
 * 1) "Jenny Wren" – 3:47
 * 2) "Summer of '59" – 2:11

 * CD CDR6678
 * 1) "Jenny Wren" – 3:47
 * 2) "I Want You to Fly" – 5:03

 * Maxi-CD CDRS6678
 * 1) "Jenny Wren" – 3:47
 * 2) "I Want You to Fly" – 5:03
 * 3) "This Loving Game" – 3:15

Personnel
Personnel per booklet.
 * Paul McCartney – vocals, Epiphone Texan acoustic guitar, Ludwig floor tom
 * Pedro Eustache – duduk

title: Jenny Wren


text:
Air taxi

The air taxi market is an application of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) – air transportation systems that utilize advanced technologies such as vertical takeoffs, autonomous capabilities, or fully-electric systems – for short to mid range on-demand flights. Many AAM vehicles are designed for Short Takeoff and Landing (STOL) or Vertical Takeoff and Landings (VTOL); electric VTOL aircraft are also prominent, known as eVTOLs.

Another noteworthy term for the air taxi market is Urban Air Mobility (UAM), which is a sub-category of AAM focused on applications in urban settings.

History
The concept of air taxis existed as early as the 1910s to 1950s. This concept goes back as early as 1917 with Glenn Curtiss’ prototype, the auto-plane. Furthermore, during the 1920s to the late 1950s, various inventors created their own prototypes. Such inventors included Henry Ford, Waldo Waterman, and Moulton “Molt” Taylor. However, each of these projects faced challenges which included crashes, lack of funding, or technical difficulties. After all this experimentation and challenges faced, the urban air mobility industry had shifted focus on “improving safety and enhancing economic and operational efficiency of vertical flight".

The next phase from the 1950s to the late 1980s included urban air mobility services through the use of helicopters within major cities such as Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York; however, the challenges of fuel costs and safety have made it difficult to commercialize using helicopters for urban air mobility.

During the 2010s to the present day, there was the “reemergence” of catering to “on-demand aviation services” that focus on goods delivery and passenger mobility such as the ability of booking a helicopter through a smartphone. BLADE, SkyRyde, and UberCopter are just some examples of companies that are offering passenger mobility helicopter services. Additionally, NASA and the United States Air Force initiated a focus to improve safety and scalability of UAM systems through the launch of the AAM National Campaign and Agility Prime. NASA showed this initiative by signing agreements with 17 companies to test UAM vehicles and systems. On the other hand, the U.S. Air Force's Agility Prime program demonstrates a focus on scalability through exploring vertical flight opportunities for military applications.

Designs
Air taxi designs vary to accommodate various numbers of passengers. NASA has proposed various designs that could accommodate various numbers of passengers such as: single, six, and fifteen passenger air taxi aircraft. NASA has analyzed three possible options of vehicle design to outweigh the most optimal model for missions, in which they compare mathematical statistics for a hybrid, turboshaft, and electrical aircraft models. Whereas for more of a single path commercial use the European Union Aviation Safety Agency propose that electrical aircraft will be the main source of power for air taxis, to ensure that air taxis are being designed with the new electronical technology.

Various designs have been considered when it comes to the development of air taxis. Development of designs are used for different purposes in based on the following criteria

Types of propellers

 * 1) Quadrotor
 * 2) Side by side helicopter propellers – two propellers on opposite ends
 * 3) Tiltwing – four propellers line up horizontally

For the most part, air taxis will be designed to be electrical and function as helicopters. Many companies such as Joby Aviation have partnered with the military to learn and redesign operations of the aircraft. Joby's partnership with the military allows for various testing within the military environment, such as transportation of cargo, medical evacuations, etc. Air taxis can be used for both commercial and private use to improve air mobility. The purpose will determine designs and technology, in which for the most part commercial use is predicted to be created as autonomous aircraft.

Markets
One market analysis estimated early market demand for airport shuttles (AAMs along set routes to, from, and between airports) and air taxis to be 55,000 daily trips and 82,000 daily passengers – an annual value of US$2.5 billion. Facilitating an on-demand air taxi market similar to current ride-hailing services requires the infrastructure for highly prevalent vertistops, areas that can support vertical landings and takeoffs based on consumer demand rather than predetermined routes, which may be a barrier for profitable implementation by 2030. Moreover, market studies point to infrastructure as among the most significant constraints for the air taxi market. It is also predicted that 98% of demand for air taxis is created from ground transportation trips longer than 30 minutes. Because of these factors, areas with a high-density of wealthy individuals or businesses, such as New York or San Francisco, may offer a shorter path to profitability for air taxi services. San Francisco specifically is viewed as a possible early market for air taxis because of its large population of frequent, long-distance commuters. Some market studies assume autonomous operation of air taxis for their predictions, current FAA implementation plans for AAM constrains the scope of AAMs to aircraft operated with a pilot on board.

United States
In July 2023, the FAA released Version 1.0 of the Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) Implementation Plan, describing short-term implementation goals for AAM. These goals are centered around Innovate28, aka I28 – a joint program between the United States government and the AAM industry created by the FAA for the purpose of developing early stage AAM utilization in at least one site by 2028. First efforts by the program anticipate utilizing existing airports and helipads with potential modifications – such as parking stations, charging ports, or weather monitoring capabilities – being added as needed.

Canada
In Canada, air taxi operations are regulated by Transport Canada under Canadian Aviation Regulation 703. The Canadian definition of air taxi includes all commercial single-engine aircraft, multi-engine helicopters flown by visual flight rules by one pilot and all multi-engine, non-turbo-jet aircraft, with a maximum take-off weight 8618 kg or less and nine or fewer passenger seats, that are used to transport people or goods or for sightseeing.

In the United States, air taxi and air charter operations are governed by 14 CFR Part 135 and 14 CFR part 298 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR).

Company projections
Companies such as Uber claim air taxis and other VTOL aircraft will enable rapid and reliable transportation. Uber plans to develop new skyports, which may provide multidimensional routes opposed to traditional routes taken by current forms of transportation. To achieve efficiency, the current proposed plan is to use the top decks of parking structures and current existing helipads to create multiple skyports for the future. EVTOL developer, T-Cab Tech, raised 20 million dollars in its first round of funding. The company has received more than 200 provisional orders for its E20 model, in which Chinese media has reported that the E20 will COST $970,000 per unit. Other companies, like the German consultancy Roland Berger have predicted about 3,000 flying taxis will be in operation by 2025 with as many as 98,000 by 2050.

In addition, Joby Aviation plans to be in operation in New York by 2025. They plan to offer electric air taxi transport from JFK airport to downtown Manhattan. Joby Aviation also plans to offer booking on demand, similar to rideshare apps. Furthermore, in 2025, Joby and Delta airlines hope to launch eVTOL flights in New York and Los Angeles. Additionally, United and Archer Aviation plan to do the same in Chicago. This shift towards urban air mobility is supported by Delta Airlines statistics that is estimating about 1,000 people a day would choose eVTOLS instead of automobiles to travel to and from the airport.

Operators

 * Joby Aviation
 * Airbus
 * Volocopter
 * Urban Air Mobility
 * Hyundai

title: Air taxi


text:
Talk:Declaration of the Rights of the Child

Untitled
This could use some information on what officially constitutes a "child" under UN definitions. 205.156.36.109 01:02, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

This page was originally called Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child. As the text indicates, the actualy title of the document in question was the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, or the Geneva Declaration.

Rbreen 18:42, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

This is missing reliable resources. The websites cited don't have all the information on the page.

98.246.34.0 (talk) 06:26, 31 May 2012 (UTC) rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.238.56.88 (talk) 20:47, 3 June 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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text: User talk:81.1.117.235

title: User talk:81.1.117.235


text:
Five cents John Kennedy

The five cents John Kennedy is the first United States postage stamp to pay tribute to United States President John Fitzgerald Kennedy. It was issued May 29, 1964 for his 47th birthday, with a first day of issue cancellation in his hometown of Boston, Massachusetts.

The overall shape of the stamp is a horizontal rectangle, of a size standard for the time. The design consists of two side-by-side squares, the left one with a depiction of the John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame, the right one with a portrait of Kennedy adapted from a photograph taken in 1958 by Bill Murphy for The Los Angeles Times. Textual inscriptions form a frame around the central design, and include a quotation from Kennedy's 1961 inaugural address "... And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.", along with Kennedy's full name and the years of his birth and death. The required "U.S. POSTAGE" inscription is positioned inconspicuously in small letters vertically next to the Eternal Flame, while the denomination is in the frame text. The stamp is in a single blue-gray color.

Soon after the assassination of President Kennedy in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963, the United States Post Office Department decided to issue a postage stamp to be issued on his next birthday. This was a challenging deadline, requiring the stamp to be designed, approved by the President's widow, Jacqueline Kennedy, and printed in large quantities in just a few months (it was estimated that two million first day covers would need to be available).

The first proposals of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing were turned down in December 1963 and in early January 1964. The decision was then made to call in the Loewy/Snaith design firm. Raymond Loewy accepted the stamp design project more for the firm's reputation than for money; the firm earned only $500 for this project, a very small and symbolic amount considering the amount of labor involved.

Over the next three months, Loewy's designers worked on the project. To maintain secrecy, Loewy locked the papers and projects in his safe every day, putting his thumb's fingerprint on them.

Finally, Mrs. Kennedy was consulted, choosing both the design proposal and its color, a blue-gray similar to that used in the interior of Air Force One.

William Manchester, in his book The Death of a President (published by Michael Joseph in 1967) on page 246 gives another version of how the stamp was produced:

Immediately after the first announcements of the assassination, many people "...took refuge in habit. Two designers at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, feeling utterly lost, neatly laid out their tools and doodled away at a John F Kennedy commemorative stamp. (Though meant to be tentative, those Friday sketches were flawless; four days later they were in the hands of the Postmaster General, and the stamp issued the following spring)."

title: Five cents John Kennedy


text:
Talk:Turkish Air Force

Purported Turkish Air Force Pilot Shortage
The current article implies that the Turkish Air Force today still has a combat pilot shortage.

The article does not make any mention of the Agreement entered into between the Turkish Air Force and Turkish Airlines for the return of F-16 pilots who had transitioned into civilian aviation within the 5 years preceding the coup attempt See https://www.airporthaber.com/thy-haberleri/thy-ve-tsk-pilot-gecisleri-icin-protokol-imzaladi.html?fb_comment_id=1372216979520437_1372837482791720.

There are however more than 2,000 ex-military pilots working in the Turkish civil aviation industry. See https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/08/turkish-airlines-pilots-army-jobs-160823144450818.html

The Agreement between Turkish Airlines and the Turkish Air Force paved the way for the 600 F-16 pilots who transitioned into civilian aviation within the 5 years preceding the coup attempt to return to the air force. See https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/08/turkish-airlines-pilots-army-jobs-160823144450818.html

Some of these pilots have upwards of 4,000 hours on the F-16. These pilots are also training new air force recruits.

The Turkish Air Force today has more than 800 combat aircraft pilots.

Sabiha GÖKÇEN
Sabiha Gökçen is first ever female Turkish pilot. But also she is the first ever female combat pilot in the world: http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/first-female-combat-pilot/

Could we add this information? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.123.128.176 (talk) 12:15, 20 April 2015 (UTC)

Space program with Ukraine
No one has made mention of the creation of a Joint Turkish-Ukrainian Space Agency for Military use which was announced by Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko on 26 March 2015. Ukrainian media sources have claimed the program is for space launched weapons. http://www.unian.info/politics/1060458-ukraine-turkey-agree-on-space-program-worth-billions-of-dollars.html. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 110.32.244.121 (talk) 03:12, 30 March 2015 (UTC)

Göktürk-2
There is no mention of the Göktürk-2 Earth Observation Satellite and the capacities it brings to the Turkish Air Force. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.241.130.229 (talk) 06:37, 29 December 2012 (UTC)

Warning
Somebody really made a mess of the main equipment section and it looks like a deliberate action. The article is unfortunately not accurate anymore and I will not bother to edit/correct it since I have a feeling that it will be botched again.

Warrior Soul (August 31, 2006)

Main Equipment
This section has been copied from my site (http://warriorsoul.4t.com) without permission. In order to adopt a more constructive way of action than removing the whole table, I simply added a link to my site in the "Sources" section. I am a researcher on the defence industries and accurately keep track of the changes in the inventory. I spend a lot of time and effort on updating the information provided and I am happy to see that a growing number of people are making use of it. However, I would highly appreciate it if people who use the information elsewhere would at least provide a link to my web site as the source. Should you wish to contact me personally, kindly follow the "Contact" link in my site.

Thank you.

Warrior Soul

Second Largest Air Force in NATO after the USAF
The Turkish air force is the second largest in NATO, with more than 1,900 aircraft. Read more: http://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.asp?country_id=Turkey

Please refer this: http://www.hvkk.tsk.tr/TR/EnvanterdekiUcaklar.aspx?ID=7. Turkey has more then 2.000 jets/planes. Not 700! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Xangr (talk • contribs) 18:33, 20 February 2013 (UTC)

One of the world's greatest Air Forces
US General Norton Allan Schwartz has stated that Turkey has one of the world's greatest air forces, which the US Air Force has a lot in common with.

Read more: http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123258689 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.150.241.156 (talk) 06:44, 6 June 2011 (UTC)

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1394245/Thunderbirds-US-Air-Forces-elite-team-kicks-2011-European-tour.html#ixzz1OTWpVNhk

History
So folks, I am updating this article. Aquilion 18:45, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

The history section is complete. Aquilion 17:42, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I find the modern translations of Ottoman terms a bit irritating. Why include the translation of "Ministry of War" when the given term is not what the Ottomans used (the correct term is "Harbiye Nezareti")?

 * It's accurate. Harb means war, -iye forms relation, making it "related to war" and "nezareti" is "ministry" in 1900's terminology, thus making it "Ministry of War". Which term might be accurate?Heruamarth (talk) 15:47, 26 April 2011 (UTC)

F-5 2000 (under delivery) ??
This article says 46 "F-5 2000 (under delivery)". It appears to mean these are new aircraft that are being delivered now. However, the F-5 Freedom Fighter article says that the aircraft has been out of production since the 1970's. Are these refurbished/upgraded aircraft from another country? --rogerd 03:25, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

According to some unconfirmed and unnamed Turkish Procurement officials, Turkey is upgrading a further 46 F-5 at Tusas Aerospace Industries premises. In fact, there have also been sightings of F-5's entering the TAI facilities. But no official announcement as of today. Turkey has alot of F-5's in storage. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.148.209.236 (talk) 05:31, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

Old F-5's are being used for training for candidate pilots. They use F-5's for transition from turboprop/piston aircraft to jet aircraft and after completion of these courses, they are transferred to their active duty squadrons to recieve final training on either F-4 or F-16.Heruamarth (talk) 19:14, 13 November 2012 (UTC)

WPMILHIST Assessment
This article could definitely benefit from in-line citations for the prose content (i.e. the "main section" above the listing of individual aircraft). Nice work on the infobox, btw, and a very nice photo! LordAmeth 14:47, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

Number of Aircraft
Wtf about the aircraft? Who changes 755 to 1944.? And both numbers is not realistic. Its cant be 755 either 1944.This is not real.Please try to find official numbers if you cant just dont write anything.

New Aircraft list
Can we add a new Aircraft list. This is what i came up with but needs fine tuning and fixing.

 * There is already a link on the page to a table that due to the size of the page was split off to its own page, and before posting a coding mess like this, could you please write make sure it works in one of your sandboxes first so it doesn't mess the coding up for everything on the page that comes after? Thanks.  - NiD.29 (talk) 08:14, 23 January 2021 (UTC)

F-16 IFF system related murders in Turkey added
Added a section about the F-16 fighter jet IFF system secret code hacking in Turkey and the three resulting murders of engineers by secret services. This was extensively published in November in the Hurriyet and also reported internationally, e.g. Tarik Demirkan wrote it up for respected hungarian HVG weekly newspaper. 82.131.210.162 09:25, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

These are not facts, but rather stories fueling the Turkish nationalist pscyhe. The first engineer who committed suicide was a middle aged mechanical engineer, the second one was a classmate of mine in his late twenties, and the third was a fresh graduate who was a close friend of a co-worker. I do not know much about the first person, but the latter two did not knew each other. The second engineer was working at a different company owned partially by Aselsan, not at Aselsan, and he had joined that company only a few months earlier. The third engineer did not have the skill to achieve such reverse engineering. Although it is not clear why these people committed suicide, lack of reasoning should not lead us to conspiracy theories. There are no facts and this section should be removed. Or at least it might be noted that this theory was brought forward in a major Turkish newspaper as opposed the presenting it as fact. 213.139.195.162 (talk) 06:51, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

Turkish Air Force
The Tuskish Army has ordered 51 T129 Agusta. Tai are making them.
 * Question: Why did Turkey reject the Denel Rooivalk helicopter during trials? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.111.29.1 (talk) 23:49, 12 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Because it was 'kinda new, unproven, and only South Africa uses it. Performance was another issue. As Army was already operating Ah-1W's and finding their performance satisfying, AH-1Z was chosen. Later on, due to problems on Bell and US, ATAK program's cancelled, and ATAK II's awarded to Agusta Westland, to obtain rights of A-129 Mangusta and completely perform an overhaul to turn it into a better, more powerful and agile helicopter. Program is still underway, we'll see if TAI, ASELSAN and AW can make something thatcan compete with modern choppers or not.Heruamarth (talk) 15:56, 26 April 2011 (UTC)

They also have: 9 Bell AH-1W Super Cobra 32 Bell AH-1P/S Cobra 1 Bell TAH-1P Cobra (Combat Trainer) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.242.224.212 (talk) 15:55, 10 April 2008 (UTC)
 * They are already listed in the Turkish Army inventory, see the article Modern equipment and uniform of the Turkish Army. The Turkish Army operates the attack helicopters, not the Turkish Air Force. Res Gestæ Divi Augusti (talk) 01:37, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

The TIHA-A UAV has entered service
The TIHA MALE UAV project has been completed and serial production has commenced. 20 units have been commissioned by the Turkish Air Force. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.148.209.236 (talk) 22:26, 20 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Nope, its still on tests. You can't call a project as "completed" until it enters inventory.--Cerian (talk) 16:41, 12 April 2011 (UTC)

Drones?
There is no mention of unmanned drones - I don't know enough to write it myself. Jzlcdh (talk) 19:46, 13 February 2011 (UTC)

Edit request from Zorbey, 18 February 2011
edit semi-protected

Please change Chief of the Turkish General Staff from İlker Başbuğ to General Işık Koşaner.

ZORBeY^ (talk) 14:49, 18 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting wait.svg Already done -Atmoz (talk) 17:26, 21 February 2011 (UTC)

Airbus A319
The Turkish govt uses an Airbus A319 (pictured) for VIP flights, and I believe it is part of the Turkish Air force inventory. Could someone investigate this, and update the article accordingly. --Russavia I'm chanting as we speak 17:44, 17 May 2011 (UTC)

Notabilities: Ahmet Ali Çelikten
Should it be mentioned in the Notabilities section that, possilby, the first black pilot was in the Turkish Air Force? (Ottoman at the time) — Preceding unsigned comment added by AbsoluTurk1907 (talk • contribs) 08:12, 9 October 2011 (UTC)
 * He was the first "black" pilot of the Ottoman Navy Air Service (see: Ahmet Ali Çelikten). Takabeg (talk) 08:42, 9 October 2011 (UTC)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Ali_%C3%87elikten
Ahmet Ali Çelikten also known as Arap Ahmet Ali or İzmirli Ahmet Ali (born Izmirli Ali oghlu Ahmed, 1883 – 1969) was the only black pilot in World War I along with Eugene Jacques Bullard. --82.113.122.165 (talk) 19:56, 30 September 2012 (UTC)

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Turkish Air Force March
Can someone look at incorporating the info on this page and then maybe redirecting or deleting it? Gbawden (talk) 08:06, 25 July 2014 (UTC)

oldest
Why is there no mention that the Hava Kuvvetleri is one of the oldest air forces in the world? 84.171.90.26 (talk) 17:37, 18 November 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 8 January 2015
In the "Engagements" tab, the link of "War of Independence" directs to the "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_independence" War of Independence list. It should direct to "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" which is Turkish War of Independence that Turkish Air Force engaged in.

Bgokbayrak (talk) 22:26, 8 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done Stickee (talk) 23:25, 8 January 2015 (UTC)

Remove Sabiha as oldest in military history
Per sources given on her article (Sabiha Gökçen) --Irtden (talk) 22:59, 10 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Flying a bombing mission does not yet make one a fighter pilot, which requires air-to-air combat. (And why remove the information everywhere that Sabiha Gökçen was an adopted daughter of Atatürk?) --Lambiam 09:39, 11 January 2015 (UTC)

Current Commander of the Turkish Air Force
I only just recently started paying much attention to Turkey, so I was a bit hesitant to make a change to this page, but something very basic has me confused. In the right hand column, Gen. Abidin Ünal is listed as the commander for the Turkish Air Force. I had thought Gen. Akın Öztürk held this position and Gen. Abidin Ünal was commander of Turkey's Air Force Combat and Air Defense (a subdivision, not the entire air force of Turkey).

If not, well, then a couple of well known newspapers need to make a correction. See http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-to-host-international-conference-on-air-and-space-power.aspx?pageID=238&nID=80456&NewsCatID=341 for a reference to Gen. Ünal and http://www.todayszaman.com/anasayfa_air-force-to-clip-wings-of-rf-4e-aircraft-top-military-official-says_374919.html for a reference to them both.

I am assuming that either this was just an oversight, or an area where work is still in progress, but if not, could someone explain the discrepancy?

Emerald Evergreen 04:35, 24 August 2015 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lisa Beck (talk • contribs)

Semi-protected edit request on 9 August 2016
Flytouchtosun (talk) 15:55, 9 August 2016 (UTC)

Copypaste of entire article removed ❌ - As it clearly states in the instructions to submit an edit request:- "Please don't copy the entire article into the request. If you copy the entire article into the request ... another editor may remove your entire request." This is not a "spot the difference competition" If you want to suggest a change, please request this in the form "Please replace XXX with YYY" or "Please add ZZZ between PPP and QQQ". Please also cite reliable sources to back up your request, without which no information should be added to, or changed in, any article. - Arjayay (talk) 16:13, 9 August 2016 (UTC)

T-129 is not in TAF inventory
Turkish Air Force doesn't have any attack helicopter. T-129 listed in the helicopter inventory. In Turkey, only Turkish Land Forces (holds the main attack helicopter inventory) and Gendarme have  T-129. See official list at TAF official page: https://www.hvkk.tsk.tr/T%C3%BCrk_Hava_Kuvvetleri/Hakk%C4%B1m%C4%B1zda/G%C3%BCn%C3%BCm%C3%BCz_Hava_Kuvvetleri/Envanterdeki_U%C3%A7aklar — Preceding unsigned comment added by Obben (talk • contribs) 05:32, 7 February 2019 (UTC)

Recent history
The TAF has seen its capacity hit pretty hard since the post-coup purges started in 2016. I'm going to add a section to outline how this happened and what has resulted. Konli17 (talk) 06:59, 21 May 2020 (UTC)

new info
can somebody add the news about recent acquirements such as and  and  also a section about air defence and new acquirements such as s400 and hisar. 46.196.85.168 (talk) 08:32, 13 January 2021 (UTC)

Removal of unfactual date
The date 1911 is cited as the foundation date of TAF in this article. However, the article content states that "can trace its origins back to June 1911" and "the air force as it is known today did not come into existence until 1923". which does not support 1911 as a "foundation date". Besides cited source is the official website of Turkish Armed Forces which is not reliable source in this context. You can look at the talk pages of the articles Turkish Naval Forces and Turkish Land Forces for similar cases. Best regards.--V. E. (talk) 23:04, 22 August 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
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Semi-protected edit request on 22 December 2022
Turkish Air Force Commander is changed and the name of the new commander is Atilla Gülan. Mboruza (talk) 11:58, 22 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. RealAspects (talk) 03:51, 23 December 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 10:39, 18 March 2023 (UTC)
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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 22:53, 20 March 2023 (UTC)
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Redundant content removal
I removed content from redundant section called "Timeline of battles and operations". Was not able to find similar section in any of the similar articles as it is for example the Royal Air Force and the United States Air Force. Nubia86 (talk) 23:23, 23 May 2023 (UTC)

OVERCITE problem in the article
For an article with only 24 kB prose size (3912 words), this article's on the shorter side, but it's got a total of 170 citations. I believe that's quite a bit and creates citation clutter, especially in the Future section. I mean, that last sentence alone has 9 citations as shown below:

There are also plans to acquire 40 Eurofighter Typhoon’s from the United Kingdom, the sale has been approved by all the partners, except Germany due to opposing views over the Israel–Hamas conflict

Meanwhile WP:REFCLUTTER, explicitly states Two or three may be preferred for more controversial material or as a way of preventing linkrot for online sources, but more than three should generally be avoided

Let's maybe trim it down a bit?

There are quite a few non-English citations scattered throughout the article alongside the English ones. According to WP:RSUEC, English sources are preferred when they're just as good. So, as a first step, perhaps we should consider removing those non-English citations? Ckfasdf (talk) 13:47, 22 February 2024 (UTC)

ping recent editor on the article, such as, , , ,. Ckfasdf (talk) 13:50, 22 February 2024 (UTC)

 * The same problem is also caused here TAI TF Kaan I support to remove non English sources if we have already good English sources.Shadow4dark (talk) 13:56, 22 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Agree... Since has started trimming down citations, despite previously insisting on keeping excessive citations, does anyone disagree if we revert the article back to my last edit? I don't claim my last edit was perfect, but I reckon I trimmed more excessive citations than Hurricane Spitfire did. By the way, I also removed the word "current" as per MOS:CURRENT. Ckfasdf (talk) 16:20, 22 February 2024 (UTC)
 * To, please note that WP:OVERKILL also suggest : If one source alone supports consecutive sentences in the same paragraph, one citation of it at the end of the final sentence is sufficient. and Two or three may be preferred for more controversial material, I don't think the content cited is controversial, so I figure one citation should be enough. Ckfasdf (talk) 16:28, 22 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Stop damaging the Turkish Air Force article, stick to Pakistani issues. Hurricane Spitfire (talk) 23:30, 23 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I have no idea on what are you talking about. what is stick to Pakistani issues means anyway? Ckfasdf (talk) 03:42, 24 February 2024 (UTC)

Typhoon
To, refer to your edit on the Typhoon section of the article, whereas: With that said, any claims lacking references and original research will be removed. Ckfasdf (talk) 16:22, 24 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Firstly, you insists on stating that the reason for German rejection is "Germany said 'NEIN' and Germany is the real boss of the Eurofighter GmbH consortium, headquartered in Germany", however there is no reference that states that this is the reason and he also did not provide any reference to back up this claim.
 * Secondly, you insists on adding the following sentence: "The U.S. Senate's approval for the sale of 40 advanced F-16Vs to Turkey on 27 January 2024 makes the Eurofighter purchase less likely, due to the cost advantages associated with TAI's expertise in the licensed production of the F-16 and its components since 1987" citing BBC and F-16.net as sources. However, neither of these sources mentions anything about reason procurement of Typhoon is less likely, Typhoon itself or TAI's experience with the F-16. IMO, this claim may constitute as original research, which is prohibited by Wikipedia policy. Since you are a new editor on Wikipedia, you may not be familiar with the policies we have in place. WP:OR explicitly states On Wikipedia, original research means material—such as facts, allegations, and ideas—for which no reliable, published source exists.

Sabiha Gökçen
I'd like to emphasize that this article primarily addresses the overall context of the Turkish Air Force. Therefore, a concise reference to Sabiha Gökçen as the first female fighter pilot suffices. Those interested in more comprehensive information can refer to her dedicated page, Sabiha Gökçen. Similarly, notable figures like Chuck Yeager, who holds significance in global aviation history as the first pilot confirmed to exceed the speed of sound in level flight, receive only one sentence coverage in United States Air Force article.

I'd also like to highlight that there is currently an excessive citations of Sabiha Gökçen in the article. Therefore, it'll be better to reduce number of citation per WP:OVERCITE. Ckfasdf (talk) 17:25, 24 February 2024 (UTC)

Images in the article
For an article with only have size of 24 kB (3964 words), this article is somewhat on the short side. But, IMO it has too many images and MOS:IMAGERELEVANCE also states too many (images) can be distracting.

The recent inclusion of an image of Ahmet Ali Çelikten exacerbates the problem by adding to the excessive number of images and contributing to the issue of over-citation. Additionally, in my opinion, Çelikten's significance for Turkish Air Force topics is not as notable as that of Sabiha Gökçe, whose name has been immortalized as the name of an airport in Turkey. Moreover, other images in the article also suffer from the MOS:SANDWICH problem, where text is sandwiched between two opposing images. Therefore, it is necessary to begin trimming the images to address these issues, starting with the removal of the image of Ahmet Ali Çelikten. Ckfasdf (talk) 01:44, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Turkish Air Force


text:
Robert Szasz

Robert Szasz, also known as The Happy Heckler, is a real estate developer and has been a well-known heckler at Tampa Bay Rays baseball games for several seasons.

A native of Toronto, Ontario, Szasz relocated to Florida in 1984 and resides in Clearwater, Florida. He held season tickets for the then Devil Rays from 2000 until the end of the 2008 season, sitting in club seats behind home plate at Tropicana Field. He would choose one player from the opposing team to insult during a game or series, waiting until the player stepped into the batter's box before shouting a barrage of insults regarding the player's playing ability. Between the typically small and quiet crowds at Devil Rays game during the early 2000s and his booming voice, Szasz's heckling was often heard on television and radio broadcasts of the team's games.

Szasz's heckling visibly rattled players on multiple occasions. He once heckled the Mariners' Bret Boone so viciously that when Boone struck out, he threw down his batting helmet and started yelling back at Szasz. In another instance, outfielder José Guillén offered Szasz an autographed baseball bat if he would stop heckling him in a game. Szasz says he didn't heckle with profanity, nor did he insult a player about a personal thing such as weight or height. He says he tried to only heckle a player on their baseball ability. Although rare, Szasz also heckled opposing pitchers.

Szasz became a controversial figure. Some fans, television viewers, and media that covered the Rays complained about his volume and abrasiveness, while others enjoyed his heckling. In any case, he became one of the more famous fans in Tampa Bay Rays baseball history, and was known throughout the American League.

In 2008, Szasz released a book entitled The Happy Heckler. Szasz did not renew his Rays season tickets for 2009 and was not heard heckling in Tropicana Field again until April 30, 2012, during a game against the Seattle Mariners.

title: Robert Szasz


title: User:Charlie144


text:
The Review of Communication

The Review of Communication is a peer-reviewed online academic journal which is published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the National Communication Association. The Review of Communication publishes original scholarship that supposedly "advances the discipline and practice of communication through the study of major themes that cross disciplinary subfields".

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in

 * Communication and Mass Media Complete
 * Current Abstracts

title: The Review of Communication


text:
Brother's Keeper (1992 film)

Brother's Keeper is a 1992 documentary directed by Joe Berlinger and Bruce Sinofsky. The film is about an alleged 1990 murder in the village of Munnsville, New York. The film is in the "Direct Cinema" style of the Maysles brothers, who had formerly employed Berlinger and Sinofsky.

Summary
The film contrasts two groups of society: people from rural areas and those from larger cities. It also shows how the media flocked to the town to cover the story.

This film displays two completely opposite views of the Ward brothers. One opinion is that of the locals, who defend the Ward brothers as simple country folk. The other is that of the press, who stereotype the brothers as poor, uneducated hill people.

The Ward sister was not featured in this film because of her death in the 1980s. However, her daughter Pat makes an appearance in the DVD's special features.

Production
After its theatrical run, Brother's Keeper aired on PBS as part of the series American Playhouse.

The Ward Boys
In a rural farming community near Utica, New York, four brothers lived in a dilapidated house. The brothers were Roscoe (July 23, 1919 – June 23, 2007), Lyman George (July 7, 1923 – August 15, 2007), William Jay (July 10, 1926 – June 6, 1990), and Adelbert Daniel (known as Delbert) (October 5, 1930 – August 6, 1998). The men were barely literate, had no formal education, and farmed land that had been in their family for generations.

William's death
William Ward, who had been ill for years, was found dead one morning. Delbert was accused of killing him, perhaps by smothering. The prosecution's theory at trial was that Delbert had performed a mercy killing in order to put William out of his misery after a period of severe headaches and declining health. As the film progresses, it is revealed that during the coroner's examination of William's body, semen was found on clothing and on William's leg, leading to the suggestion that Delbert had killed William in an episode of "sex gone bad." The film never follows up on this media sensation.

Delbert Ward was acquitted at trial, largely because of the lack of any physical evidence and because the New York State Police violated Delbert's rights by coercing a confession (which he later retracted) and having him sign a written statement which he could not understand due to his illiteracy.

The brothers' fates
Delbert Ward died at age 67 at Bassett Hospital in Cooperstown, New York on August 6, 1998.

Roscoe Ward died at age 88 on June 23, 2007.

Lyman Ward died at age 85 in Utica, New York on August 15, 2007.

Wins

 * Directors Guild of America, USA: DGA Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Documentary/Actuality
 * National Board of Review, USA: NBR Award for Best Documentary
 * New York Film Critics Circle Awards: NYFCC Award for Best Documentary
 * Sundance Film Festival: Audience Award for Documentary

Nominations

 * Sundance Film Festival: Grand Jury Prize for Documentary

title: Brother's Keeper (1992 film)


text: User talk:85.101.215.44

title: User talk:85.101.215.44


text:
Liberty Bridge, Novi Sad

Liberty Bridge (Мост слободе) is a cable-stayed bridge on the Danube river in Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia. The bridge was opened for traffic on 23 October 1981. During that time, the bridge was the world record holder in the category of bridges with cable-stayed design. It was destroyed during NATO bombardment on 3 April 1999. It was rebuilt from 2003 to 2005 and reopened on 7 October 2005.

Name
The name Liberty Bridge was given during the first opening of the bridge on 23 October 1981 as it was opened during the 37th anniversary of the liberation of Novi Sad in World War II.

Location
Liberty Bridge is the most upstream Novi Sad bridge over the Danube river within the urban area. It connects the Bačka and Srem sides of the City of Novi Sad, specifically Novi Sad and Sremska Kamenica. It connects Novi Sad with State Road 21, which goes through Fruška Gora to Ruma, A3 motorway, and western Serbia.

Liberty Bridge from 1975–1999
The strong economic development of Novi Sad during the 1960s and 1970s created the conditions for the city to gradually expand to the Srem side (the area of Mišeluk and further up the slopes of Fruška gora). This required the city authorities, and above all the city planners, to start creating framework urban conditions for building a bridge and relieving traffic from the city centre.

The first such conditions were created by the Novi Sad Urban Institute in 1970. The Novi Sad Municipal Assembly decides on the construction of the bridge in December 1973. The architects of the bridge were academics Nikola Hajdin, Gojko Nenadić and Predrag Želalić.

Work began on 22 September 1976, when the first pier on the left bank of the Danube was stabbed. During the construction, the attention of the experts was focused on three details: The construction of the bars for pillar 17, where there were traces of land slides; the assembly of the steel structure, in pieces, weighing 200 tonnes, without scaffolding, with the help of the Derrick cranes; and the assembly of the steel ropes, which was original.

Everything was done perfectly, with a deviation of only 13 millimetres, between two parts of the structure, when the last central construction of the bridge was put in place.

The bridge was inaugurated for traffic on 23 October 1981, with the presence of tens of thousands of citizens.

On 3 April 1999, at 7:55 pm local time, a rocket struck the Liberty Bridge during the NATO bombing campaign against Yugoslavia. Although the bridge gradually collapsed into the Danube River, there were no deaths thanks to a local fisherman named Velimir Teodorović who rescued nine civilians from the destroyed bridge.

Rebuilding
Rebuilding the bridge cost the city of Novi Sad 40 million euros and lasted for 2 years and 22 days. Maja Gojković, at the time mayor of Novi Sad, reopened it on 7 October 2005. The official reopening was held a few days later, with officials from the European Agency for Reconstruction present.

The bridge's reconstruction and opening was a cause for political clashes; one side saying Novi Sad and its citizens should be thankful to EU for the gift of the reconstructed bridge, and the other that EU was obliged to reconstruct it anyway, as a part of war damages compensation.

title: Liberty Bridge, Novi Sad


text:
Pure Shores

"Pure Shores" is a song by English girl group All Saints from their second studio album, Saints & Sinners (2000). Group member Shaznay Lewis and producer William Orbit wrote the song for a scene in the 2000 adventure drama film, The Beach. Eschewing the R&B sound of All Saints' previous releases, "Pure Shores" is a dream pop song with ambient and electronic production, and a syncopation of synth delays, arpeggiated guitar and ethereal sound effects. It was released by London Records on 14 February 2000 as the lead single from the film's soundtrack and Saints & Sinners.

Music critics complimented the combination of Orbit's elaborate production with the group's harmonies. "Pure Shores" debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart with first-week sales of 199,084 copies, becoming the group's fourth chart topper. Internationally, the song reached number one in Belgium (Wallonia), Ireland, Italy and Romania, and charted in the top 10 in Australia, New Zealand and across Europe. It was the second best-selling single of 2000 in the UK and was certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for sales of 1.2 million units.

The music video for "Pure Shores" was directed by Vaughan Arnell; it shows All Saints moving in blurry night vision and infrared shots on the coast of Norfolk. The song won Most Performed Work at the Ivor Novello Awards in 2001. At the 2001 Brit Awards, "Pure Shores" was nominated for Song of the Year and Video of the Year, but lost in both categories to "Rock DJ" by Robbie Williams.

Production and writing
"Pure Shores" was written by All Saints group member Shaznay Lewis, and William Orbit, who also produced the song. Pete Tong, All Saints' A&R at the time, wanted the group to be a part of the soundtrack he was producing for Danny Boyle's film, The Beach. Boyle, however, disliked the idea of having a pop group associated with his film. Tong then contacted Orbit and convinced Boyle to include All Saints on the basis that Orbit would produce the song. Orbit spent over two months tirelessly producing the song to the extent that he had "totally lost sight of its potential" and thought it was "a turd". Orbit and engineer Jake Davies used a Solid State Logic (SSL) 9000 J-series mixing console, Boxer 5 studio monitor, Sony 3348 digital multitrack recorder and the digital audio workstation Pro Tools. English mixing engineer Spike Stent mixed the song in his room at Olympic Studios in London using a SSL 4064 G-series console, Genelec monitor and Studer tape recorder.

Lewis wrote "Pure Shores" based on Orbit's backing track, and a 40-second clip from the scene where co-stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Virginie Ledoyen swim underwater. She had previously read half of the 1996 novel which the film was based on. Regarding the writing process, Lewis said: "It was a case of 'watch this, be inspired, go off and give it a go'. They didn't really point me in any direction of how they wanted it to be lyrically. Being given a brief like that, they'd already painted the picture for me." Lewis originally wrote down the lyrics during a flight to Los Angeles where she was going to work with Orbit on the song. However, after arriving at her hotel, she discovered that she lost the lyrics and had to rewrite them. Some lyrics in the rewritten version were different to the original. Lewis came up with the title "Pure Shores" after writing the song. "I've never even thought that it isn't mentioned once in the actual song," she said.

Composition
"Pure Shores" is a dream pop song,  with electronic and ambient production. It marked a departure from the R&B style of All Saints' previous music. Tom Ewing from the e-zine Freaky Trigger described it as "a pop take on ambient music" with "chillout bubbles and ripples". The sheet music for the song shows a time signature of and a key of D major, with a tempo of 102 beats per minute and a chord progression of D–Em–C–G, with a sequence of A–A9sus4–A9 in the bridge. Although written by Lewis, the lead vocals on the track are by group member Melanie Blatt; Lewis sings the bridge, and sisters Natalie and Nicole Appleton sing backing vocals and chorus harmonies. The song is built around a syncopation of synth delays, arpeggiated and reverberated guitar, and electronic percussion. Ethereal sound effects are filtered and distorted throughout, with some resembling whale vocalisations. The track has a relaxed pace with surges in the chorus and bridge. Richard Folland of PopMatters writes that "Pure Shores" is "buoyed by a lyric promising a bright future."

Critical reception
"Pure Shores" was well received by music critics upon release. In his review for The Times, Ed Potten characterised the song as the "musical equivalent of a pina colada: faintly exotic, syrupy sweet and ultimately quite intoxicating." The Daily Telegraph gave the song five out of five stars, writing, "You can almost feel your toes dipping into the tropical sea and hot sand running through your fingers. The result is totally addictive." Uncut magazine's Chris Roberts found the production beautiful and said it "will sound as floatily motivating in a decade's time". John Walshe of Hot Press wrote that it "marries William Orbit's swirling galaxies of sound with their harmony-driven pop to perfect effect", while Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian argued that All Saints "lend radiance to [Orbit's] twinkling fairy lights".

Q magazine's Dan Gennoe named it the "crowning glory" of The Beach soundtrack which "confirmed All Saints' position as pop's coolest girl band." In The Sydney Morning Herald, Stephanie Peatling believed the "lush" track "puts the streetwise cousins of the Spice Girls back on the block." Fiona Shepherd of The Scotsman described it as "classy". Writing for Mixmag, Dorian Lynskey felt the song provided "a twist" to All Saints, calling it "a heady, sensual melancholy better suited to headphones than the Met Bar." In a less enthusiastic review, Dotmusic's James Poletti gave "Pure Shores" a rating of three out five, commenting, "Despite Orbit's slightly lightweight electronics, the song isn't half bad".

NME ranked the song 18th in its Single of the Year list for 2000. Playlouder listed it as the best song of 2000, writing that the "bewitching" track found the group "ditching the famous-for-being-famous tag, and finally becoming the statuesque pop goddesses they always claimed to be." "Pure Shores" was also included in The Daily Telegraphs list of "100 pop songs that defined the Noughties", The Observers list of the best singles of the 2000s decade, and Time Out London's list of the 50 best pop songs.

Commercial performance
"Pure Shores" debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, becoming All Saints' fourth chart-topper. The single sold 199,084 copies in its first week, outselling its closest competitor by three to one. The song topped the chart for a second week with sales of 155,000 copies, before being replaced by another Orbit production, Madonna's "American Pie". "Pure Shores" spent 20 weeks on the chart. It was the second best-selling single of 2000, behind Bob the Builder's "Can We Fix It?", and ranked 27th in the decade-end chart. The song was certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for track-equivalent sales of 1.2 million. According to the Official Charts Company, it is All Saints' second best-selling single in the UK, behind "Never Ever" (1997).

The song boosted All Saints' profile internationally, becoming their most successful single since "Never Ever" in many key territories. In Europe, "Pure Shores" became the group's first chart-topper in Belgium (Wallonia), Ireland, Italy and Romania,   and reached number three on the Eurochart Hot 100. In France, it peaked at number six, becoming the band's second top-10 single, and was certified gold by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP) in 2000 for sales of 250,000 copies. It also charted in the top 10 in Belgium (Flanders), the Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland.

In Australia, "Pure Shores" peaked at number four on the ARIA Charts, making it All Saints' third top-five single in the country. It was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) in 2000. On the Official New Zealand Music Chart, the song reached number two, being kept from the top spot by S Club 7's "Two in a Million". It marked All Saints' fourth top-10 record in New Zealand and was certified gold by Recorded Music NZ (RMNZ). In Canada, the song peaked at number 35 on the RPM singles chart.

Background and synopsis
The music video for "Pure Shores" was directed by Vaughan Arnell, and filmed on the coast of the Holkham National Nature Reserve and Wells-next-the-Sea in Norfolk over three days in early January 2000. Natalie and Nicole Appleton asked Arnell for more visibility during filming after the initial focus was on Blatt and Lewis. According to Nicole Appleton, this made Lewis cry and attempt to quit the video shoot. A police investigation was launched after a freelance photographer, Rob Howarth, claimed he was assaulted at the filming location by a security guard hired by All Saints.

The video premiered on Dotmusic's website on 25 January 2000. It opens with All Saints in numerous ghost-like frames, moving in blurry night vision and infrared shots on a beach. The group are then shown in an aerial view, strolling and running on sand dunes. Short scenes of DiCaprio in The Beach are intercut throughout. He is shown spinning, in a cavern, and in a confrontational scene with co-actress Tilda Swinton. All Saints are also seen singing in a concrete tunnel, and at a Norfolk beach hut resembling those of Ko Phi Phi Le from the film.

Reception
The music video received heavy rotation from MTV Australia, MTV Europe, MTV UK and British television channel The Box. Neil McCormick of The Daily Telegraph wrote that it was unclear whether All Saints were promoting The Beach or vice versa, citing it as an example of a symbiotic relationship between the music and film industries. CBC Television placed "Pure Shores" second in its ranking of All Saints music videos, appreciating how Arnell reflected scenes from the film with the group. The Guardian included the video in its list of best subversive beach scenes, writing that the setting "feels taunting, a constant reminder of what happens when plans are ruined." BBC America's Kevin Wicks, on the other hand, dismissed it as "the most unflattering girl group video ever", criticising the use of night vision which made All Saints look like "hopelessly dazed raccoons".

Live performances
To promote "Pure Shores", All Saints performed the song on television shows such as Top of the Pops, CD:UK, Sen kväll med Luuk, Wetten, dass..?, and Later with Jools Holland. The song was also included on their sets for Witnness, V2000 and Creamfields festivals in August 2000. The group then performed "Pure Shores" at the 2000 MTV Europe Music Awards, which were held on 16 November 2000 at the Ericsson Globe in Stockholm, Sweden. NME magazine complimented their "flare-clad, pristine performance". A day later, they performed on BBC's Children in Need marathon. All Saints performed the song at the 2001 World Sports Awards, held at London's Royal Albert Hall on 16 January 2001. For the performance, Natalie Appleton wore a T-shirt emblazoned with the legend 'I Love Liam' as a reference to her boyfriend, The Prodigy's Liam Howlett. At the time, the group was at the verge of splitting up, with the media noting the "irreconcilable rift had indeed developed between the four" on stage.

Upon the group's first return in 2006, it was performed on their show at the Sheperd's Bush Pavilion in London. The group wore black or white-coloured shirts teamed with big, loose-knotted ties. Eva Simpson and Caroline Hedley of the Daily Mirror said that the group "put on one hell of a show". "Pure Shores" was then performed live on Popworld on 4 November 2006 as part of promotion leading up to their new album Studio 1's release two days later. Additionally, the song was performed by All Saints on The Chart Show on 18 November 2006, and on Channel 4's T4, aired on the same day. In January 2014, Natalie Appleton performed the song with English singer Melanie C on her Sporty's Forty concert, which celebrated her 40th birthday.

Upon their second return eight years later, All Saints performed "Pure Shores" as the encore on their opening act for Backstreet Boys' In a World Like This Tour in 2014. They also sang the song in a concert at G-A-Y, and the 2014 V Festival. After the announcement of their fourth studio album Red Flag, the group performed it on the 2016 Elle Style Awards, and as the encore on their show at London's KOKO. The group also sang the song at Starnacht am Neusiedler See in Austria, that Energy Fashion Night event, as well as on Michael McIntyre's Big Show. and V Festival 2016. "Pure Shores" was included on the setlist of their 2016 Red Flag Tour. All Saints supported Take That on their Wonderland Live tour in 2017, and performed "Pure Shores" on their set as opening acts. To promote their fifth studio album Testament, they performed again the song on Radio 2 Live in Hyde Park, Children in Need Rocks 2018, and Strictly Come Dancing: It Takes Two. "Pure Shores" was also included on the setlist of the Testament Tour later that year.

Usage
In 2002, DJ Osymyso sampled the song on his album Intro-Inspection (2002). It is also included in the 2013 video game Grand Theft Auto V on one of the game's radio stations.

Formats and track listings

 * CD1 and cassette single
 * 1) "Pure Shores" – 4:27
 * 2) "If You Don't Know What I Know" – 4:36
 * 3) "Pure Shores" (The Beach Life Mix) – 4:31

 * CD2 single
 * 1) "Pure Shores" – 4:27
 * 2) "Pure Shores" (2 Da Beach U Don't Stop Remix) – 5:01
 * 3) "Pure Shores" (Cosmos Remix) – 10:03

 * CD maxi-single
 * 1) "Pure Shores" – 4:27
 * 2) "If You Don't Know What I Know" – 4:36
 * 3) "Pure Shores" (The Beach Life Mix) – 4:31
 * 4) "Pure Shores" (2 Da Beach U Don't Stop Remix) – 5:01

Personnel

 * William Orbit – producer, vocal arrangement, keyboards, guitars
 * Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing
 * Jake Davies – mix engineer
 * Mark Endert – engineer
 * Sean Spuehler – engineer, Pro Tools programming
 * Andrew Nichols – assistant engineer
 * Ben Georgiades – assistant engineer
 * John Nelson – assistant engineer
 * Shaznay Lewis – vocals, vocal arrangement
 * Melanie Blatt – vocals
 * Nicole Appleton – vocals
 * Natalie Appleton – vocals
 * Steve Sidelnyk – drums

title: Pure Shores