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Ghost Town & Calico Railroad

The Ghost Town & Calico Railway is a narrow-gauge heritage railroad and amusement park attraction within Knott's Berry Farm, an amusement park located in Buena Park, California.

Origin

Walter Knott began grading and laying a narrow gauge railroad at his Knotts Berry Farm in 1951. He had acquired a collection of vintage rolling stock and other railroad equipment, and wanted to create a railroad experience to run it on. Service started that November, and the railroad formally opened on January 12, 1952.

The engines and most of the cars came from the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad and the Rio Grande Southern Railroad.

The D&RG painted a narrow-gauge engine and a few narrow-gauge cars, in a color called Rio Grande Gold, for the Chicago Railroad Fair of 1949. The color was so popular that the company painted the equipment for “The Silverton” (which ran between Durango and Silverton, Colorado) the same color in 1950. The GT&C rolling stock was painted this color when it commenced operations in 1952. The engine was fitted with a diamond stack (that was the wrong shaped diamond) and an overly gaudy paint scheme.

In an effort to make it more authentic, the train has since been restored to its appearance in the 1940s. So, for example, the engines now have a boiler-tube pilot and straight stack. The passenger cars are painted in Pullman Green (which was mandated by the government when it took over the railroads during World War I).

However, the engines were built in 1881, and the cars are from that time period also. And, Walter Knott’s objective in creating Ghost Town was to create an Old West town of the 1800s, not the 1940s.

The engines, which were coal-burners, originally had diamond stacks (to catch the coal cinders), a wooden pilot, and a sand dome that was a bit more ornate (see accompanying photos). The passenger cars have been modified slightly over the years, but they largely retain their original appearance, except for the paint scheme. They were originally painted in Passenger Car Red, rather than Pullman Green.

Locomotives
The roster includes two C-19 "Consolidation" type steam locomotives built by Baldwin Locomotive Works for the Denver & Rio Grande in 1881. When retired from service in Colorado, they were D&RGW No. 340 Green River (formerly D&RG #400, named Gold Nugget No. 40 for many years on the GT&C) from the Denver & Rio Grande Western and RGS No. 41 Red Cliff (recently renamed Walter K at the 60th anniversary ceremony January 12, 2012) from the Rio Grande Southern. D&RGW No. 340 was rebuilt in 2016 and is in use, alternating service with RGS No. 41.

"Galloping Goose" motor rail buses kept the Rio Grande Southern Railroad viable from the 1930s by carrying mail. Their last use was to scrap their own line in 1953. Knott purchased the RGS Motor #3, which is run on the GT&C during the off-season – when ridership is too insufficient to justify hostling a steam locomotive. The Galloping Goose was constructed from a Pierce-Arrow limousine frame, engine, radiator, cowling and body with a four-wheel truck at the front and putting flanged wheels on the rear axle. Later a bogie truck replaced the rear axle, linked to the front truck by a chain drive. A RGS shop-built freight box (converted with trolley seats for passenger service in 1950) articulates on the kingpin over the chain driven center truck. The wooden limousine body was replaced after World War II with a 1939 Wayne military-surplus bus body with both left and right doors. The Pierce-Arrow gasoline engine has been replaced, first with a war-surplus GMC gasoline engine at the RGS, then at Knott's with a war-surplus 6 cylinder in-line  Diamond-Reo gasoline engine. In 1997 the engine was replaced once more with a Cummins Diesel engine supported with an I-beam frame extension salvaged from the demolished Windjammer Surf Racers roller coaster.

In late 1973, the park received ex-D&RGW K-27 #464, a Mikado locomotive. However, due to clearance issues, in 1981, Knott's donated the locomotive to the Huckleberry Railroad in Flint, Michigan.

Around 2010, Knotts Berry Farm became the home to an H.K. Porter tank locomotive "Jennie K.", formerly used on the Cedar Point and Lake Erie Railroad. The planned restoration of this locomotive did not happen and it was sold in 2017 to Garner Holt of Garner Holt Productions, who is planning to restore it to operating condition.

Revenue
When the route opened on January 12, 1952, for passenger service, the locomotives would haul several yellow vintage closed-vestibule wooden passenger coaches led by a No. 103 parlor car Chama which was converted at Knott's in 1954 to combination baggage/coach Calico with arrows simulating an Indian attack embedded near the baggage door. The arrows have since been removed and the cars have been painted in heritage period Pullman-green livery of D&RGW. The consist also includes a gondola (converted from a flat car for open-air passenger seating), and a stock car which was converted from a gondola, fitted with side benches and a wheelchair lift. Rio Grande Southern 0402 is the only caboose on the railroad and is used today.

Display
The parlor car Durango restored in 2011, the Silverton observation sleeper and the No. B-20 Edna were held with the short way car "bobber" caboose and a wooden box car D&RGW No. 3350, on sidings during normal operation. Nowadays the Silverton has been converted to revenue service as a chair coach, and the caboose serves to embark bandits while in motion.

The Business car B-20 Edna (formerly San Juan) was built for use by the Rio Grande Southern president Otto Mears on sidings and spurs as a portable office and temporary home while making track orders. She is fitted with Track inspection as well as observation is facilitated by the open vestibule and enlarged end windows. These were deluxe temporary accommodations compared to a caboose, but it was far less opulent than private varnish of its day, which pales by comparison to the amenities offered aboard today's motor homes and recreational vehicles such as a shower or microwave oven.
 * An external pantry mounted to the open vestibule and equipped with overhead ice hopper
 * galley (kitchen)
 * a coal hopper
 * water tank
 * heating-plant/boiler/stove/oven/warming-tray combination appliance
 * multi-use crew dormitory
 * lavatory commode with dry bin toilet
 * stateroom with large bed, closet, chest of drawers
 * a large multipurpose open area convertible to
 * office/day-use
 * sleeping bunks
 * meal service
 * et cetera
 * conductor's desk near the end window and speedometer

title: Ghost Town & Calico Railroad


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User talk:Collinschica

Hi I am collins chica I was born inwisconsin an di am way hot.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Collinschica


text:
Chinary Ung

Chinary Ung (អ៊ុង ឈីណារី ) (born November 24, 1942, in Takéo, Cambodia) is a composer currently living in California, United States.

Career
After arriving in the US in 1965 to study clarinet, he turned to composition studies with Chou Wen-chung and Mario Davidovsky, receiving a Doctor of Musical Arts from Columbia University in 1974. In 1988, he became the first American to win the University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award for musical composition. Additionally, he received the Kennedy Center Friedheim Award, as well as awards from The American Academy of Arts and Letters, Asia Foundation, Asian Cultural Council, Rockefeller Foundation, Ford Foundation, Guggenheim Foundation, Joyce Foundation, and The National Endowment for the Arts.

In October 2007 the Del Sol String Quartet was invited to premiere the composer's Spiral X playing the Library of Congress' collection of Stradivarius instruments.

Ung taught music at Northern Illinois University, Connecticut College, the University of Pennsylvania, and Arizona State University, before being appointed to the faculty at the University of California, San Diego. In 2013, UC San Diego promoted Ung to the rank of Distinguished Professor.

Ung's music is published by C. F. Peters Corporation and his music is recorded on New World Records, Bridge Records, Cambria, London Records, Other Minds, Oodiscs, Nami Records, Kojima Records, Albany Records, Norton Recordings, Composers Recording Incorporated, Folkways Records, and Koch International.

Awards

 * University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition (1989) for Inner Voices
 * Friedheim Award (1989) for Spiral
 * American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters (1981, 1988)
 * John D. Rockefeller 3rd Award from the Asian Cultural Council (2014)
 * American Academy of Arts and Letters (2020)

Selected list of works

 * 1970 – Tall Wind, for soprano and chamber ensemble
 * 1974 – Mohori, for soprano and chamber ensemble
 * 1980 – Khse Buon, for solo cello or viola
 * 1985 – Child Song, for alto flute, viola, harp
 * 1986 – Inner Voices, for orchestra
 * 1987 – Spiral, for cello, piano, and percussion
 * 1989 – Spiral II, for soprano, tuba, and piano
 * 1990 – Grand Spiral: Desert Flowers Bloom, for symphonic band
 * 1992 – Spiral VI, for clarinet, violin, cello, and piano
 * 1995 – Antiphonal Spirals, for orchestra
 * 1997 – Seven Mirrors, for solo piano

title: Chinary Ung


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Leôncio Basbaum

Leôncio Basbaum (born 6 November 1907- died 7 March 1969) was a Brazilian Marxist historian, medic and writer.

Child of Jewish immigrants from Ukraine, Basbaum was born and raised in the state of Pernambuco. He qualified as a medical doctor in Rio de Janeiro in 1929 and became involved in the Brazilian Communist Party following his graduation, dedicating the rest of his life to the Marxist philosophy.

title: Leôncio Basbaum


text:
Hickory Ridge High School

Hickory Ridge High School is a comprehensive public high school in Harrisburg, North Carolina. It became the sixth high school in the Cabarrus County Schools system when it opened on August 27, 2007. It has been designated by the North Carolina Board of Education an Honor School of Excellence, North Carolina's highest distinction, for 2008–2009, 2009–2010, and 2010–2011. It is one of only four traditional high schools in the state to receive this honor.

Student Body
The student body consists of students in grades 9–12, with about 350 students per grade. 2010–2011 was the first year without students from feeder high schools Jay M. Robinson High School and Central Cabarrus High School. For the 2015–2016 school year the enrollment was 1,655.

The Class of 2009 was the first graduating class of Hickory Ridge High School.

Notable alumni

 * Garrett Williams, NFL player for the Arizona Cardinals
 * Jalen Brooks, NFL player for the Dallas Cowboys

title: Hickory Ridge High School


text:
Talk:Curebie

Redirect
The way I read the AFD debate, the consensus was a merge to autistic culture, bordering on a delete. As the information in this article is described in a more NPOV way in autistic culture, I'll just be bold, and redirect it to autistic culture. The principle is similar in internet slang. Kthx, which means "OK thanks", redirects to internet slang, where a definition is given. The same should apply here. - Graham/pianoman87 talk 03:45, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Curebie


text:
Apoorva Raagangal

Apoorva Raagangal is a 1975 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written and directed by K. Balachander. It stars Kamal Haasan, Sundarrajan, Srividya and Jayasudha, while Nagesh and Rajinikanth, in his feature film debut, play supporting roles. The film revolves around Prasanna (Haasan) who falls in love with the much older Bhairavi (Srividya) while Bhairavi's daughter Ranjani (Jayasudha) is drawn to Prasanna's father Mahendran (Sundarrajan).

Apoorva Raagangal's theme was based on a riddle featured in the Indian folktale collection Vetala Panchavimshati about a king marrying a woman and his son marrying her mother, and Vetala, the riddler asking Vikramaditya what would be their kinship relations if these couples were to beget children. The film was produced by V. Govindarajan and J. Duraisamy under the Kalakendra Films banner, photographed by B. S. Lokanath and edited by N. R. Kittu; the music is composed by M. S. Viswanathan. Unlike many contemporaneous Tamil films, it was shot entirely in actual houses for their interiors without building sets, as Balachander wanted to convey a more authentic narration.

Apoorva Raagangal was released on 15 August 1975. Despite exploring the concept of relationships between people with wide age gaps, which challenged Indian social mores, it received critical acclaim and became a commercial success, and a breakthrough for Srividya and Haasan. The film won three National Film Awards, including Best Feature Film in Tamil, and three Filmfare Awards South in the Tamil branch: Best Feature Film, Best Director for Balachander and Best Actor for Haasan, and a Special Award for Srividya. It was remade in Telugu as Thoorpu Padamara (1976) where Srividya and Nagesh reprised their roles, and in Hindi by Balachander as Ek Nai Paheli (1984) where Haasan reprised his role.

Plot
Prasanna is a young man who indulges in several revolutionary activities against the wishes of his father Mahendran, a widower. After Prasanna tells him that, due to the price of rice increasing, he stole rice from a lorry, distributed it to the poor and set fire to the lorry before the police arrived, a disgusted Mahendran helps the police arrest him, widening the already existing rift between them. After his release, Prasanna opts to stay away from his hometown, Bangalore, and reaches Madras.

One day, Prasanna is beaten up for abusing the passengers of a car that splashed water on him. Carnatic singer Bhairavi, returning home after a katcheri, notices him lying unconscious on the roadside, takes him home and her doctor friend Suri treats him. At Bhairavi's request, Prasanna continues to live in her house even after he recovers. He slowly develops passionate feelings for her even though she is much older.

Before Prasanna's arrival, Bhairavi's daughter Ranjani, who believes she was adopted, learns that she is actually Bhairavi's biological daughter born out of wedlock. Unable to digest her mother's hypocrisy, she runs away from home and meets Mahendran in Bangalore while trying to sell some items. She ends up staying at his house for a few days at his request. Impressed by his love for his deceased wife, his longing for his son Prasanna who left him, and his commitment to help her, she expresses a desire to marry him, despite the fact that he is old enough to be her father.

Both Bhairavi and Mahendran reject Prasanna and Ranjani's proposals, citing their age difference and other situations, but with perseverance, Prasanna and Ranjani are able to convince them that their respective marriages could work. Bhairavi is forced to accept Prasanna's proposal when he ends his revolutionary activities and takes up music for her sake, becoming a mridangam player. Prasanna is happy that Bhairavi has accepted his proposal, but Pandiyan, her ex-lover and Ranjani's father, turns up to meet her and to apologise. Prasanna does not allow this and, as Pandiyan is dying from blood cancer, takes him away for treatment at his place. He tells Pandiyan of his plan to marry Bhairavi and seeks his co-operation. Pandiyan agrees not to meet her.

Mahendran, seeing an advertisement placed by Bhairavi about her missing daughter, comes to meet Bhairavi at her house and sees Prasanna's photograph there. He realises they are in love. Mahendran advertises for his missing son. Bhairavi sees the advertisement so she tells Prasanna to get his father's consent before marrying her. They both meet Mahendran, who introduces Ranjani as Prasanna's future mother since she is his future wife. A riddle is explained: Prasanna's wife will be the mother of his father's wife, meaning Ranjani will be the mother-in-law of her own mother and Mahendran will be the son-in-law of his own son. Mahendran asks Prasanna how this riddle is going to be cleared in their case.

During Bhairavi's next katcheri, where Prasanna is a mridangam player, she sings "Kelviyin Nayagane, Indha Kelvikku Badhil Edhayya?" (Oh hero of the question, what is the answer to this question?). Ranjani changes her mind and joins her mother by singing at the concert. Observing this, Prasanna also changes his mind and joins his father. When all these issues are cleared, Pandiyan sends a note to Bhairavi in the middle of the katcheri. Bhairavi searches for him after it ends and finds him dead with a note in his hand, wishing her well with Prasanna. She erases the kumkuma from her forehead to declare herself a widow and leaves with Ranjani, while Prasanna joins Mahendran.

Cast

 * Kamal Haasan as Prasanna
 * Sundarrajan as Mahendran
 * Srividya as Bhairavi
 * Jayasudha as Ranjani
 * Nagesh as Suri / Hari
 * Rajinikanth as Pandiyan

Kannadasan, Jaishankar and members of the Madras-based United Amateur Artistes make "friendly appearances".

Development
The Indian folktale collection Vetala Panchavimshati features many stories where the ghost-like being Vetala poses many riddles to Vikramaditya. In the final riddle, a king marries a woman and his son marries her mother; Vetala asks, "If these couples were to beget children, what would be their kinship relations?" and Vikramaditya keeps quiet since it does not have an answer. This riddle inspired K. Balachander to write the script of Apoorva Raagangal, which he would also direct. V. Govindarajan and J. Duraisamy produced the film under their production banner, Kalakendra Films. B. S. Lokanath was chosen as the cinematographer, N. R. Kittu as the editor, and Ramasamy as the art director.

Before the film's release, author N. R. Dasan accused Balachander of plagiarising Verum Mann, a story he had written for the magazine Kannadasan. The matter was taken to the Madras High Court, and Dasan won the case. Although he did not seek money, the judge ordered Balachander to pay him inr 1000 as a fine.

Casting
Kamal Haasan was cast as the protagonist Prasanna. He spent seven months learning to play the mridangam required for the role. The film was the debut of Shivaji Rao Gaekwad, who later became one of Tamil cinema's biggest stars, Rajinikanth. He was a student at the Madras Film Institute, when Balachander, who came there, met him. Balachander was impressed by his appearance: his "fragile" health, "powerful" eyes, "chiselled" face and dark skin and did not view them as negatives. He sought to "give him a good role, and see what can be drawn out of him". The script of Apoorva Raagangal had been readied, and Balachander wanted Gaekwad to play a "small but interesting part", which he agreed to. The part was that of Bhairavi's (Srividya) ex-lover Pandiyan.

As Gaekwad, who primarily spoke Kannada and his native Marathi, was only "tangentially familiar" with Tamil, Balachander advised him to learn the language. Gaekwad practised by speaking only Tamil with his friend Raja Bahaddur, a native Tamil speaker; he mastered the language in 20 days. After meeting Balachander again, and impressing him with his Tamil, he was given the part. When it came to giving Gaekwad a screen name, Balachander chose Rajinikanth, the name of A. V. M. Rajan's character from his 1966 film Major Chandrakanth; the name means "colour of night", referring to Gaekwad's skin colour, though it was misspelled in the credits as "Rajanikanth".

Filming
Unlike many contemporaneous Tamil films, Apoorva Raagangal was shot entirely in actual houses for interiors without building sets, as Balachander wanted a more authentic narration to be conveyed. With Lokanath's help, he found houses which belonged to A. V. Meiyappan's family members, one of which was Meiyappan's house, Chettiar Bungalow. For Prasanna's look, Haasan kept his moustache thin and hair long, and had him sporting bell-bottoms and polo shirts. According to historian G. Dhananjayan, the song "Athisaya Raagam" was filmed at the cashew farms of VGP Golden Beach; however, Roshne Balasubramanian of The Indian Express says it was filmed at the Theosophical Society Adyar. The camera was moved manually by the cameraperson at this time, without the use of a dolly. In a 2000 interview with Rediff, Jayasudha, who portrayed Bhairavi's daughter Ranjani, recalled that it was hard portraying a girl in love with the much older Mahendran (Sundarrajan): "Balachander Sir was a very tough taskmaster. He would not be satisfied unless he got 100 per cent from you. He used to reprimand me and shout at me if I messed up." She also had to wear a sari and needed help since she had never worn one before.

The scene where Pandiyan opens the gate of Bhairavi's house was filmed at a house in 1st Crescent Park Road, Gandhi Nagar. The scene was shot on 27 March 1975, the same day that Balachander gave Rajinikanth his name; it was approved after only five or six takes. For the character's looks, Rajinikanth sported stubble and wore a loose-fitting suit consisting of a dusty coat, loosely worn tie, untucked shirt and trousers; his make-up was done by R. Sundaramoorthy. During the initial stages of principal photography, Rajinikanth found Balachander's directing methods very difficult to follow. Nagesh, who portrayed the doctor Suri who lives a double life as a drunkard named Hari, observed his difficulty and told him, "Don't get tensed up. Just imitate whatever Balachander is doing. That's what I'm doing as well!" After listening to Nagesh's advice, it became easier for Rajinikanth to complete his portions in the film. For the scene where Suri speaks to his own shadow, it was Nagesh's idea by making the character utter "Cheers" and throw the glass at his own shadow. The final reel length of the film was 3949 metres.

Themes
Apoorva Raagangal explores the concept of relationships between couples with a large disparity in their ages, which challenged Indian social mores. Although it is based on a Vetala Panchavimshati riddle, it has frequently been compared to the American film 40 Carats (1973), which tells the story of a widow who falls in love with a much younger man. In Apoorva Raagangal, Ranjani often poses the riddle "Ennudaya appa yaarukku maamanaro, avarudaya marumagalin appa en maganukku maamanar. Appa avarukkum enakkum enna uravu?" (My father is father-in-law to someone; that person's daughter-in-law's father is my son's father-in-law. What is the relationship between him and me?), summing up the film's theme. While the source riddle in Vetala Panchavimshati does not have an answer, G. Dhananjayan believes the answer to the film's riddle is, "for a husband, the relation is his wife and for the wife, the relation is her husband".

Because one of the lead characters is a Carnatic singer, the film uses various Carnatic music terms as placeholders to carry forward the narrative. The first is "sarali varisai", referring to the beginner lessons that Carnatic music students learn; "mohanam", meaning enchantment or infatuation, appears when Prasanna falls in love; and the film ends with "mangalam", referring to the closing part of a katcheri. The female lead characters are named after the Carnatic ragas Bhairavi and Ranjani. V. Ramji of the Hindu Tamil Thisai believes the scene where Prasanna beats up a man for not standing still when "Jana Gana Mana" (the Indian national anthem) is playing, reflects Balachander's penchant for depicting patriotism. During Pandiyan's first appearance, "Sruthi Bedham" (Change of Sruthi) appears. Historian Mohan Raman said that by including these words, Balachander "meant that the man who changed the course of the story would also the change the industry". Anand Kumar RS, of The News Minute, however, says the term which also means "pitch distortion", was used to symbolise Pandiyan making "an entry at the wrong time".

Balachander said Pandiyan's first shot was deliberate and representative of Rajinikanth making his first appearance in cinema. According to critic Naman Ramachandran, the character is not entirely villainous despite popular belief since he commits no villainous act on screen. Having deserted Bhairavi after impregnating her offscreen, in the present he voluntarily agrees to stay away from her after realising she is content with Prasanna. Ramachandran said three things that happen soon after Pandiyan's death prove he is not a villain: the music playing in the background is the type usually played when a sympathetic character dies; Bhairavi erases her kumkuma, like any Indian woman would upon becoming a widow; and Pandiyan is found to be holding a note saying his last wish is to see the raga and tala meet, referring to the proposed joint performance of Bhairavi the singer and Prasanna the mridangam  player. Dhananjayan considers the entire story of the film is conveyed through the song "Kelviyin Nayagane".

Music
The film's soundtrack was composed by M. S. Viswanathan; the lyrics were written by Kannadasan. It was released as an LP on the EMI label with an HMV logo. Two songs are ragamalikas, i.e. compositions having different verses set to different ragas. "Yezhu Swarangalukkul" is set in Panthuvarali, Kambhoji, Sindhu Bhairavi and Ranjani. "Athisaya Raagam" begins in Mahati, and shifts to Bhairavi with the line "Oru Puram Paarthaal". "Kelviyin Nayagane" is set in a single raga, Darbari Kanada.

Singer M. Balamuralikrishna recalled in a 2006 interview, "I ran into [M. S. Viswanathan] in AIR who was setting music for the movie. As the story revolved around strange relationships, the music director wanted to introduce new ragas to go with the ambient theme. I offered my `Mahati' scale and the records created then are history now." "Yezhu Swarangalukkul" became "the rage everywhere" and was a breakthrough for its singer Vani Jairam.

Release
Apoorva Raagangal was released on 15 August 1975. When the film was released in Bangalore's Kapali theatre, Rajinikanth and Raja Bahaddur went to watch it. The latter recalled, "Nobody knew that he had acted in a film, We saw the film. When we came out, he started crying. I asked him, "Why are you crying?" He said, "I'm on the screen finally, I'm so happy. These are tears of joy". Despite being released on the same day as Sholay, which went on to become the highest-grossing Indian film at the time, Apoorva Raagangal became a box office success, completing a 100-day theatrical run. On its 100th day, Balachander held a ceremony in Madras to reward the cast and crew. The ceremony was attended by M. Karunanidhi, then the chief minister of Tamil Nadu.

Critical reception
Apoorva Raagangal received critical acclaim. On 22 August 1975, The Hindu said, "K. Balachander has contributed a unique story, dialogues and superb direction in Kala Kendra's [Apoorva Raagangal]. A film with a revolutionary offbeat theme it provides poetic experience". The reviewer praised the performances of the main cast, Nagesh's dual role performance as a doctor and a drunkard, and called Rajinikanth "dignified and impressive". They also appreciated the music and Vani Jairam's singing, and Lokanath's cinematography. The reviewer concluded, "Some of the most memorable scenes in this outstanding film emerge from the clash of personalities between the two odd pairs. The end should satisfy even conservative tastes and carries a subtle message about loving too well but not wisely." On 31 August, M. S. Udhayamurthy, writing for the Tamil magazine Ananda Vikatan, appreciated the film overwhelmingly for its quality, calling it one big musical concert happening before his eyes. He said he got so involved with the characters, to the point of forgetting they were artistes who were enacting their roles and started living with and empathising with them at the end. On the same day, Kanthan of Kalki praised the film for the screenplay and characters being innovative, along with the cast performances and music. Though some reviewers criticised Rajinikanth's performance and told him to improve, he complemented them over the reviewers praising his performance.

Remakes
In 1976, Apoorva Raagangal was remade by Dasari Narayana Rao in Telugu as Thoorpu Padamara; Srividya and Nagesh reprised their roles. In 1984, the film was remade in Hindi as Ek Nai Paheli by Balachander himself, with Haasan reprising his role.

Legacy
Apoorva Raagangal became a landmark in Tamil cinema, and a breakthrough for Srividya and Haasan. The Times of India wrote that it was "innovative for the way it brought out the O Henry sort of twist in the plot. [...] It was experimental in bringing out complexities involved in relationships and how certain relationships, no matter what, do not leave you and emerge abruptly to create new equations." Chitra Mahesh of The Hindu wrote that it "was bold and unapologetic about love transcending age, caste and all barriers one can think of". In 2011, after Balachander had been given the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, Pavithra Srinivasan of Rediff called the film one of his best and wrote, "Many filmmakers of that time would have hesitated to touch a subject like this, particularly at a time when relationships were still being gingerly tested on celluloid. But not K Balachander." The scene where a drunk Suri talks to his own shadow and hurls the empty glass at it while saying "Cheers" led to filmgoers imitating him and throwing cups on the lobby walls in theatres.

In 2003, Rediff wrote, "In an era where every other moviemaker claims to have come up with a daring, original, premise, this 28-year-old film is worth remembering. A trademark K Balachander film, this was the first to showcase Kamal's histrionic abilities." In 2015, Tamil Canadian journalist D. B. S. Jeyaraj wrote, "Though Nagesh has acted in many different roles in Balachander films, one sequence that is perhaps best remembered is the drunkard-doctor of [Apoorva Raagangal]." Director Mani Ratnam credited Balachander, with Mahendran and C. V. Sridhar, for "weaning the audience away from theatricality", citing a scene in Apoorva Raagangal as an example: "The shadow of the woman upstairs drying her hair falls across the path of the rebellious young man sneaking out of the house. It is enough to stop him. This scene could have been dramatic, with lot of dialogue. Instead you get a silent visual." The film was novelised in 2008 by Vikatan Prasuram.

Apoorva Raagangal has been referenced in other Rajinikanth films. In Athisaya Piravi (1990), Yama (Vinu Chakravarthy) has to restore Kaalai (Rajinikanth) to life by putting him in the body of a lookalike. He shows him numerous alternatives, one of which is Pandiyan from Apoorva Raagangal; Kaalai refuses after learning that Pandiyan is going to die of blood cancer. In Petta (2019), Kaali (Rajinikanth) opens the gates to a house in a scene that director Karthik Subbaraj confirmed was inspired by Pandiyan's first scene in Apoorva Raagangal.

title: Apoorva Raagangal


text: User talk:Eustacem

title: User talk:Eustacem


text:
Moheb Ullah Borekzai

Muhibullah or Moheb Ullah Borekzai is a citizen of Afghanistan who was held in extrajudicial detention in the United States' Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba. His Guantanamo Internment Serial Number was 546. American intelligence analysts estimate that Muhibullah was born in 1982, in Shah Wali Koot, Afghanistan.

He was captured in Afghanistan in November 2001, transferred to Guantanamo on May 5, 2002, and was transferred to Afghanistan on July 19, 2005. US Intelligence analysts have asserted that Muhibullah was a recidivist, who, after his transfer, "engaged in terrorism or militant activity" and had "re-engaged in terrorism".

When Borekzai and fellow Afghan captive Habir Russol were repatriated in July 2005, they provided the first account of a widespread hunger strike. Borekzai also offered accounts of Quran abuse.

Conflicting accounts of his real name
Guantanamo contained at least two captives with very similar names. Guantanamo captive 974 was listed as Mohe Bullar on the official lists released on April 20, 2006, and May 15, 2006.

However, in the Associated Press interview he gave upon his repatriation his name was listed as Moheb Ullah Borezkai.
 * He was listed as Mohib Ullah on his Joint Task Force Guantanamo assessment, date November 15, 2003.
 * He was listed as FNU Muhibullah on the Summary of Evidence memos drafted for his 2004 and 2005 OARDEC status reviews, and on the official lists of captives first published in 2006.

Official status reviews
Initially the Bush administration asserted that they could withhold all the protections of the Geneva Conventions to captives from the war on terror. However, in 2004, in Rasul v. Bush the United States Supreme Court ruled that the captives had to be informed of the justifications for their detention, and had to be given an opportunity to defend themselves against those allegations.

Office for the Administrative Review of Detained Enemy Combatants
In response to the Supreme Court ruling in Rasul v. Bush, the Department of Defense set up the Office for the Administrative Review of Detained Enemy Combatants, which conducted annual reviews of the captives status. Borekzai had two reviews scheduled in 2004, and he chose to attend both of them.

According to Andy Worthington, the author of The Guantanamo Files Borekzai had been a Taliban conscript, who was taken captive by post-Taliban forces, handed over the powerful militia leader Ismael Khan, who, in turn, sold him the US forces. Worthington noted with skepticism that American analysts accepted the claim that 19-year-old conscript Borekzai was the "acting governor of Sheberghan". Addressing the claim of American analysts that he "was part of a tribal militia that supported the Taliban for three and a half years since 1998″ Worthington pointed out that "he was 15 or 16 years old, and was therefore not responsible for his actions, which, presumably, were dictated by his family.″ Muhibullah chose to participate in his Combatant Status Review Tribunal.

Allegations
The allegations Muhibullah faced, during his Tribunal, were:

"a. The detainee is a member of the Taliban.
 * 1) Detainee was recruited by Syed Sha Agha in late 1998/early 1999 to serve in the Taliban Security Force. The detainee worked in Kabul and carried a Kalashnikov rifle and ammunition for approximately one and a half years.
 * 2) Detainee worked for Syed Shah Agha or Abdul Bari, an official in the Sheberghan region, in Sheberghan, AF [sic], from November 2000 to February 2001 and again from September 2001 to November 2001. The detainee was responsible for civil dispute mediation.
 * 3) Detainee attended a dinner hosted by Commandant Kamal [sic] at his home in Torghundi, AF  [sic]. Kamal was warlord for Ismail Khan.
 * 4) The Detainee acquired a rifle from a Mujahideen fighter, Abdul Ghafar.
 * 5) Detainee surrendered to Northern Alliance forces in November 2001."

Response to the allegations

 * Muhibullah confirmed that he worked as a guard to Syed Sha Agha, but he disputed that he did so for a year and a half. Rather he was forcibly conscripted twice.  Both times for periods of two or three months.
 * Muhibullah repeatedly stated that he did not understand the European date system.
 * Muhibullah stated that, in addition to guard duty his responsibilities including kitchen and other household chores.
 * Muhibullah confirmed his presence at a dinner where Commandant Kamal was present. But he did not know Kamal.  He wasn't invited by Kamal.  He was present merely to perform guard duty.
 * Muhibullah denied knowing anyone named Abdul Ghafar.

Administrative Review Board hearing
Detainees who were determined to have been properly classified as "enemy combatants" were scheduled to have their dossier reviewed at annual Administrative Review Board hearings. The Administrative Review Boards were not authorized to review whether a detainee qualified for POW status, and they were not authorized to review whether a detainee should have been classified as an "enemy combatant".

They were authorized to consider whether a detainee should continue to be detained by the United States, because they continued to pose a threat—or whether they could safely be repatriated to the custody of their home country, or whether they could be set free.

The factors for and against continuing to detain Muhibullah were among the 121 that the Department of Defense released on March 3, 2006.

The following primary factors favor continued detention
"a. Connections/Associations
 * 1) The detainee worked for the Taliban Governor of Sheberghan and claims to have been the Acting Governor for a period of time. When the Taliban fell, he heeded instructions heard over the radio to surrender. The detainee turned himself in to forces under Ismail Khan.  At the time of his surrender he was in possession of six Kalashnikov rifles.
 * 2) The detainee had a relationship with the Taliban, in that he served for them as a night watchman in Kabul over a two year period, and as a dispute mediator in Sheberghan.

b. Training
 * 1) The detainee admitted to receiving instruction in the use of AK-47 and RPG from his uncle.

c. Intent
 * 1) The detainee admitted to carrying an AK-47 in conjunction with his duties as a guard for the Taliban."

The following primary factors favor release or transfer
"a. Other Relevant Data
 * 1) The detainee claimed he was forced into service with the Taliban and had no choice in the matter."

Transcript
Muhibullah chose to participate in his Administrative Review Board hearing.

Repatriation
On November 26, 2008 the Department of Defense published a list of when captives left Guantanamo. According to that list Mohibullah was repatriated on July 19, 2005.

Reporters interviewed Borekzai, and Habir Russol, another Afghan who was released at the same time, on July 20, 2005, the day they arrived home. In this interview they revealed that Camp Delta was in the midst of a widespread hunger strike. Borekzai and Russol estimated that over 180 detainees were participating in the hunger strike, and that it had been going on for over two weeks. Initially DoD spokesman Flex Plexico denied any knowledge of a hunger strike.

In her book Democracy Detained: Secret Unconstitutional Practices in the U.S. War on Terror Barbara Olshansky, a senior lawyer with the Center for Constitutional Rights, attributed the first public news of the hunger strike to Borekzai and Russol. She noted that DoD press officers initially denied there was a hunger strike, but that "over the course of the week following Russol and Borezkai's public announcement, the Defense Department was forced to admit that yet another strike was ongoing."

On July 21, 2005, three days after their departure, Plexico claimed that only a small number of detainees had been refusing food, and that they had only been doing so for three days. The lawyers of Guantanamo details later corroborated the details of the Afghans claims, saying that they had been aware of the hunger strike as early as June 23, 2005, but had not been able to say anything because of a DoD gag place on them.

Borekzai told the Associated Press the detainees were protesting because "some of these people say they were mistreated during interrogation. Some say they are innocent." The two Afghans said they had been accused of being members of the former Taliban regime, but both said they were innocent.

Borekzai said that camp authorities had announced over the camp public address system that guards would stop showing disrespect to Quran, and that he was not aware of any recent incidents.

Pentagon claim he had "returned to the fight"
On May 20, 2009, the New York Times, citing an unreleased Pentagon document, reported that Department of Defense officials claimed Mohibullah was one of 74 former Guantanatmo captives who "are engaged in terrorism or militant activity." On May 27, 2009, the Defense Intelligence Agency published a "fact sheet" listing Guantanamo captives who had "re-engaged in terrorism". It stated that Mohibullah was suspected of "association with the Taliban".

title: Moheb Ullah Borekzai


text:
Richard Sherlock

Richard Roland Sherlock (born 15 September 1983) is a New Zealand former professional cricketer who played for the Canterbury cricket team. He played for the New Zealand "A" team in 2004 and 2005, but his career suffered a setback when he was injured in the build-up to the 2005–06 New Zealand cricket season. In 2010 Sherlock played with Horsham in the Sussex cricket competition. He was born in Palmerston North.

title: Richard Sherlock


text: User talk:83.121.7.240

title: User talk:83.121.7.240


text:
Category:Type 45 destroyers

Type 45 destroyers of the Royal Navy.

title: Category:Type 45 destroyers


text:
Deliverance (metal band)

Deliverance is an American Christian thrash metal band which later shifted more towards heavy metal and progressive metal. Founded by Jimmy P. Brown II in 1985, many members have either stayed in the lineup for a number of years, or left and returned to the lineup. Jimmy P. Brown II has been the only constant member of Deliverance.

Early career and rise to near fame (1985–1991)
Deliverance formed in 1985 as a speed metal outfit. The band's song "A Space Called You" appeared on the 1987 compilation album California Metal. Deliverance, the band's self-titled debut album, was released in 1989 with Jimmy P. Brown II (guitars and lead vocals), Glenn Rogers (lead guitar), Brian Khairullah (bass), and Chris Hyde (drums). In 1989, Deliverance's track "If You Will" appeared on the Hot Metal Summer II compilation album along with a recorded interview.

Deliverance garnered significant attention in the Christian metal community with their second studio album, Weapons of Our Warfare, in 1990. During this time, the band replaced guitarist Glenn Rogers with George Ochoa. Deliverance released a music video on MTV for the title track of Weapons of Our Warfare. The song was also included on the Intense Records compilation album Hot Metal Summer III Hot Licks - Cold Facts.

During the production of their third studio album, What a Joke, Brian Khairullah and Chris Hyde were replaced with Mike Grato and Kevin Lee respectively. The album did not perform as well, and tensions within the band resulted in the departure of George Ochoa.

Four more albums and first breakup (1992–1996)
Their fourth studio album was a major change in direction for the band musically. Stay of Execution went in a more progressive metal direction, complete with new guitarist Mike Phillips.

In an interview with Doug Van Pelt of HM Magazine, when asked about the musical change, Jimmy P. Brown explained:

"'I got tired of being labeled 'Oh, there's Deliverance.... the Metallica clones are back.' You know, that got really old. Because in a sense we were kind of ripping them off. But I definitely know that the Lord wants us to be original. I want to be original. So I think it was time.'"

While this move did anger fans at the time, others feel that Stay represents Deliverance's best work. Their fifth album, Learn, continued in a progressive direction with new bassist Manny Morales and lead guitarist Jonathan Maddux. From this time on, the other positions in the band changed with increasing frequency, but the core of the band remained Jimmy Brown and Manny Morales.

Deliverance released River Disturbance in 1994 and Camelot in Smithereens in 1995. Camelot was the poorest seller in the Deliverance catalog at the time.

Reunion and second hiatus (2000–2010)
After a four-year hiatus, Deliverance resurfaced in 2000 and began recording their sixth studio album, Assimilation, which was released in the following year. Assimilation represented another change in style with a shift towards a more electronic/industrial sound. Deliverance again retreated until 2006.

In 2006, Deliverance reformed with a lineup of Jimmy P. Brown II, Mike Phillips, Corin Jae Scott, Tim Kronyak, and Mike Reed. The band's seventh studio album, As Above - So Below, was released on April 24, 2007. Full length songs from the album can currently be heard on the band's official MySpace page. The album featured a mix of all their past material (musically) with some more modern metal elements.

Deliverance announced they would be releasing a new album sometime in 2010 called The Annals of Subterfuge. This would mark Deliverance's 25th Anniversary. Though rumors persist of reuniting with past members, it became apparent that Jimmy would be recording the upcoming album with Mike Phillips.

Though the group officially disbanded in 1996, there have been fan demands for concert performances and new albums which caused the intermittent reunions every 4–5 years. Jimmy P. Brown II has spent the past 10 years working in the casino industry in Las Vegas, but currently resides in Alabama continuing his career with the casino industry. Jimmy has been quoted as saying: "I moved to Alabama to be close with my family, and to try regain normalcy for my family. Having lived in the fantasy land of Las Vegas for the past 10 years, I wanted to stay in the casino biz, but didn't want my kids growing up the Vegas way".

In 2010, Deliverance played the only show without Jimmy P. Brown II at NordicFest.

Third breakup and another reunion (2011–present)
On May 20, 2011 Mike Phillips announced that Deliverance was finally coming to end and would be performing their final show in August 2011. However, by July 2012, Deliverance had resurfaced again and been working on their tenth studio album Hear What I Say!, which was released on September 3, 2013 on Roxx Records and was planned as their final album. However, Jimmy Brown had later stated that Hear What I Say! would most likely not be their final album.

Though Brown stated that Hear What I Say! would be the last album, he announced that Deliverance would release new material in 2016. The band, whose lineup consists of former guitarist George Ochoa, former drummer Jim Chaffin and bassist Victor Máciás, played Exodo Fest in Mexico with Silent Planet and Grave Robber. In 2017, the self-titled album was re-released on vinyl through Roxx, and Weapons of Our Warfare was re-released through Bombworks Records. Later on in the year, it was announced that guitarist Glenn Rogers had returned to the band and that Ochoa had departed. It was also stated that Greg Minier (The Crucified) would record solos on the album. On September 28, 2017, it was announced that Deliverance had signed to Roxx Records and 3 Frogz Records, who released the band's eleventh studio album, The Subversive Kind, in early 2018. On October 28, 2017, the band released their debut single off of the album, "The Black Hand", accompanied with a lyric video. On February 20, 2020, the band announced the departure of longtime bassist Victor Macias and that Manny Morales would take the place of bassist again.

By early 2024, Deliverance had once again reunited bassist Manny Morales and guitarist George Ochoa and recruited Phil Borrero as their new drummer. This lineup will record the band's upcoming twelfth studio album, tentatively titled Twelve.

Outside Deliverance
After Deliverance, Jimmy Brown started to work on a new project, electronica-industrial-gothic group Fearful Symmetry. The name is taken from the poem "The Tyger" by William Blake. The group has published two albums, This Sad Veil of Tears in 2002 and A Loss of Balance in 2005.

Also in 2005, Jimmy formed an outfit called Jupiter VI along with Brian Khairullah, Trevor Shannon, Mike Reed and Tiberius Ahan. This band provided an outlet for Jimmy to express his love for glam rock, cited influences from Bowie, T-Rex, DA, Iggy Pop and others from the genre. They released their debut album titled "Back From Mars" in 2006 which was followed by "Moveable Walls" in 2014.

Brian Khairullah, former bass guitarist, has since renounced his faith and has unflattering things to say about religion.

Discography
Studio albums
 * Deliverance (1989, Intense Records)
 * Weapons of Our Warfare (1990, Intense Records)
 * What a Joke (1991, Intense Records)
 * Stay of Execution (1992, Intense Records)
 * Learn (1993, Intense Records)
 * River Disturbance (1994, Brainstorm Artists, Intl)
 * Camelot in Smithereens (1995, Intense Records)
 * Assimilation (2001, Indie Dream Records)
 * As Above - So Below (2007, Retroactive Records)
 * Hear What I Say! (2013, Roxx Records)
 * The Subversive Kind (2018, Roxx Records)
 * Camelot in Smithereens Deluxe ReDux (2022, Retroactive)
 * Twelve (2024)

Other albums
 * Intense Records Presents: Recorded Live, Vol. 1 (1992, Intense Records)
 * A Decade of Deliverance compilation (1994, Intense Records)
 * Back In the Day: The First Four Years compilation (2000, Magdalene Records) reissued in 2007 as The First Four Years
 * Greetings of Death, etc. compilation (2001, Magdalene Records) (2007, Retroactive Records)
 * Live at Cornerstone 2001 (2001, Magdalene Records)

Other releases
 * Hot Metal Summer II Sex, Drugs & Rock n' Roll (1989, compilation on Frontline Records)
 * Hot Metal Summer III Hot Licks - Cold Facts (1990, compilation on Intense Records)
 * Hot Metal Summer 4 The Video (1991, VHS video Intense Records)
 * I Predict a Clone: A Steve Taylor Tribute (1994, tribute to Steve Taylor)
 * Metal from the Dragon (Vol. 2) (2017, compilation on The Bearded Dragon Productions)

Members

 * Timeline

title: Deliverance (metal band)


text:
File:Hang-on arcade.png

Summary
Screenshot of Hang-On, arcade game using MAME emulator.

Fair use rationale
Use of this copyrighted image in the article Hang-On is believed to be fair use on the grounds that:

 * No equivalent image is available in the public domain or could be created that would adequately give the same information
 * It is used here strictly for educational purposes
 * Use of the image will not significantly detract from the copyright holder's ability to sell the image
 * Use of the image adds significantly to the article

title: File:Hang-on arcade.png


text:
Talk:Hines Ward

Blood Spinning
After hearing about Tiger Wood's use of the "Blood Spinning" technique for "quicker recovery time", it was said that Hines Ward went through a similar issue. Some believe it is capable of producing performance enhancing muscle growth if spun blood is injected into the muscles. Could someone confirm this and include it into the article? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.171.0.145 (talk) 07:05, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

article excerpt
I wanted to point out that his mom's name is Young Hee Kim, and that her first name is not Kim as some newspapers seem to imply. In Korean, the surname is given first. For example, Koreans call Chan Ho Park -- > Park Chan Ho.

Hines has the best attitude ever. You hardly ever see him in a bad mood, even off the field. He has always learned how to be an inspriation and role model for all people. Especially back home to "Pantherville". Great job to Hines and best wishes to him and his family..... Cory Musselwhite

Picture
I suggest we put a picture in this article. I suggest [] this picture if someone can upload it. The article in which this picture is found is here: []
 * I found a free use one on flickr, it's in there now. You're welcome. Quadzilla99 17:42, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

Korean Tatoo
"On his right arm is a tattoo of the Korean pronunciation (Korean: 하인스 워드) of his name. Hines also has a tattoo of Mickey Mouse carrying a football." Do we mean he has his name written in the Korean alphabet or the pronunciation indicated in the roman alphabet using one of the romanization methods?

Nevermind I found a picture. --Gbleem 00:11, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

so much thing about his life in korea
i think it just has too much info about it. I want people to reduce the Korean part and concentrate more on his stats and career. That changing korean thing almost take up whole article. Also, for external link, it isn't right to have almost every articles about changing Korean society. It just doesn't sound right. I mean..why did anyone put it anyway? I know Koreans are proud of him, but it's not only thing he did. Yes, he's doing right job, but in this article, people mention about his work just too much —Preceding unsigned comment added by 151.188.16.35 (talk • contribs)

 * I disagree. The problem is not that there is too much about his Korean heritage, but that there is not nearly enough about his football career.  We should be adding, not subtracting.  So long as you have sources (like newspaper articles, or ESPN.com stats) feel free to add as much as you want. --M @ r ē ino 22:44, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Why should anyone care what you want? Who are you to decide that his football stats are more important than his contributions in Korea? VanishingUser 22:11, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

symbol in Korea
"Recently, he has become a symbol of the benefits of multiculturalism in South Korea." What does this mean? --Gbleem 16:22, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Fixed. --M @ r ē ino 17:11, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Multiracial/multiethnic: Why? Doesn't multi mean more than two? According to the article his background is Korean and black [i.e., Africa-American]. so, shouldn't the prefix be bi? Kdammers 05:22, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

Citation for "The Locker Room"
http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_412875.html

It is an article in a local newspaper that mentions that Hines Ward is one of three co-owners of the bar and grill known as "The Locker Room". Is it a usable source? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Royhandy (talk • contribs) 22:05, 4 February 2007 (UTC).

Mark Madden
Hi, I figured I should explain my revert of Endlessdan's edits on Hines Ward. I just don't see what this has to do with Hines. First off, how much a given sports celebrity charges for signatures is extremely trivial information that varies from day to day -- the average sports star will charge more or less depending on the trade show or how he's been playing recently, and will even sign for free if you catch him outside a show. The rest of the paragraph is a claim that, because Mark Madden mentioned this bit of trivia, something happened not to Hines Ward, but to Mark Madden, and that Mr. Madden is not happy about it. A sports star is going to have his name mentioned millions of times by hundreds of reporters and commentators before his career is over, and a good percentage of those will be insults. Wikipedia can't report on every single instance. Rutgers_Scarlet_Knights doesn't even mention Don Imus, for example. I think that's the correct precedent.--M @ r ē ino 20:17, 16 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I completely disagree. But I'm not gonna get into an editing war over it. If someone else feels my editing is justified, then they can revert the last edit and discuss their point here. --Endlessdan 00:10, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

Can anyone..
update Hines Ward stat. Honestly, Super Bowl XL was years ago and Hines is close to break many Steelers receiving record. Yet, Super Bowl XL MVP is last entry in this article. Last update looks like on his actions off-field. Not good. He still plays pretty good, yet noone updates Hines? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.177.188.192 (talk) 22:07, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

HINES WARD IS THE BEST NFL RECIEVER EVER!!!!! GO STEELERS!!!!! BEN YOU SUCK!!!!! GO HINES!!!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.212.132.70 (talk) 20:16, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot (talk) 19:10, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Most of this stuff is true, but Ward was really tought football by a Duke Gravitt in the projects of forest park ga.They were supposed to be friends,but it seems that when people get the fame they "forget"where they come from and the real reason they are in the position they are in.I know all of this because i am Dukes brother. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.206.239.110 (talk) 17:43, 26 August 2009 (UTC)

Adoption?
Does anybody know if Hines was adopted or grew up with his birth parents? I ask this as an adoptive father of a child from Korea as well being a brother-in-law to a half-Korean/half-African American. I know that the social stigma in Korea is very negative towards multi-racial individuals---especially when its mixed with African genes.--- Balloonman  NO! I'm Spartacus! 04:04, 11 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Balloonman, Hines was raised in America (in a town outside of Atlanta) by his Korean mom. According to Hines, even we Americans can still be pretty mean to multi-racial children, but he's optimistic about encouraging mutual respect and love both in America and Korea.  The relevant source for you in the external links section of the page is this one:"Ward spins biracial roots into blessing", Paul Wiseman, USA Today, April 9, 2006.  --M @ r ē ino 04:53, 11 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks... that was something I've been looking for, but couldn't find.--- Balloonman  NO! I'm Spartacus! 05:09, 11 September 2009 (UTC)

ACL
There is no way that Hines Ward is currently missing an ACL. That account must not be well-informed. The ACL is a critical component for movement and would prevent high level athletic performance, especially without continual injury. The entry currently written is absurd to anyone familiar with basic anatomy and kinesiology. Please verify the true situation and history of his ACL.

career playoff stats?
Perhaps it would be worth mentioning somewhere his career playoff numbers (for example, his 88 post-season receptions are #2 in NFL history, only trailing Jerry Rice) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.207.69.2 (talk) 23:41, 7 February 2011 (UTC)

http://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/tiny.cgi?id=tSmQI

Triathlon
Hines Ward is not a "current triathlete" and he has never been a professional triathlete. He completed the 2013 Kona Ironman Triathlon, but stated that he will "never" do another, as seen here: http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2013/10/13/hines-ward-completes-ironman-triathlon/. Listing him as a "current triathlete", when he has completed one ironman, completing the race more than 50% more slowly than winner, makes a mockery of the sport. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.196.195.57 (talk) 16:54, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Hines Ward


text:
Verdin

The verdin (Auriparus flaviceps) is a species of penduline tit. It is the only species in the genus Auriparus and the only representative of the old world family Remizidae to be found in North America.

Taxonomy
The verdin was formally described in 1850 by the Swedish zoologist Carl Jakob Sundevall under the binomial name Aegithalus flaviceps. It is now the only species placed in the genus Auriparus that was introduced in 1864 by the American naturalist Spencer Fullerton Baird. The genus name combines the Latin aurum, auri meaning "gold" with the genus name Parus that was introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 for the tits. The specific epithet flaviceps combines the Latin flavis meaning "yellow" with -ceps meaning "-capped".

Six subspecies are recognised:
 * A. f. acaciarum Grinnell, 1931 – southwest USA to north Baja California, central Sonora, central Chihuahua and central Durango (northwest Mexico)
 * A. f. ornatus (Lawrence, 1851) – south-central USA and northeast Mexico
 * A. f. flaviceps (Sundevall, 1850) – central Baja California, south Sonora and north Sinaloa (northwest Mexico)
 * A. f. lamprocephalus Oberholser, 1897 – south Baja California (northwest Mexico)
 * A. f. sinaloae Phillips, AR, 1986 – northwest Sinaloa (northwest Mexico)
 * A. f. hidalgensis Phillips, AR, 1986 – north-central Mexico

Description
The verdin is a very small bird. At 4.5 in in length, it rivals the American bushtit as one of the smallest passerines in North America. It is gray overall, and adults have a bright yellow head and rufous shoulder patch (the lesser coverts). Unlike the tits, it has a sharply pointed bill. Juveniles have a light gray body without the rufous shoulder patch and yellow head. The base of the short bill is thick by the head, and draws to a sharp point at the tip.

Vocalizations
Little is known about geographic or individual variation in vocalizations. Verdins produce a variety of calls, loud for their size. The typical call note is a repetitive "tschep" sound repeated in rapid staccato. In Texas, rapid "chip-chip-chip" calls have been observed, all at the same pitch and at the same speed in each call series.” The day of hatching, nestlings can produce short peep notes, faint and high-pitched. Fledglings, during their post-juvenile molt, can make soft warbling notes, similar to more complex signatures of adult calls. The verdin gives rapid "tschep" calls frequently while foraging. Unmated males sound "tseet" calls repeatedly in early spring, which may function to attract females. "Tseet" calls are also given by either sex of a mated pair, by solitary foraging birds, and by older nestlings. This may be used as an identifier call to help keep members of the breeding pair together as they move through brush to forage. "Tweedle" warbling calls may reinforce a breeding pair bond. The verdin also gives a "gee-gee-gee-gee" alarm call in response to predators or when captured.

Distribution and habitat
Two subspecies nest in the United States. The subspecies A. f. acaciarum is resident from southern California, Nevada, and Utah southward into Mexico; it is associated mostly with the Sonoran Desert. The subspecies A. f. ornatus is found from New Mexico and Oklahoma southward into Mexico and is associated with the Chihuahuan Desert and its scrublands. The remaining 4-5 subspecies are resident to Mexico, and aren't known to migrate into the United States. Verdins nest in shrubs and thorny thickets with few trees. Their nests are best described as spherical masses of bulky twigs and branches that are then lined with grasses, feathers, and hair. The entrance to the nest is about 1" in diameter, and is usually at the bottom of the sphere. They feed in shrub-land and scrubby outcrops where insects are hosted and berries and seeds are plentiful.

Breeding
Verdins nest in the spring and tend to form monogamous pairs, but do not stay together year-round. Otherwise, they are usually solitary. Both males and females build nests for roosting and nesting, and both incubate the eggs and tend to young. Clutch sizes vary from 3-6 eggs, which are light green with irregular dark red-brown spots, concentrated at the bottom end of the egg. No formal courtship display is known for the species, but males sing more frequently during breeding and sometimes also build a "display nest" of sorts. This display nest may help to display partner suitability, but this correlation has not been confirmed. Once paired, the male and female claim a territory (as large as 20 acres) and will defend the boundary starting early in the breeding season through fledging. After fledging, the young forage with both parents until winter, and then disperse short distances from their hatching site.

Food and feeding
Verdins are insectivorous, continuously foraging among the desert trees and scrubs. Verdins occasionally try to obtain sugar water from hummingbird feeders. Feeds on many kinds of tiny insects, both adults and larvae, and also consumes hard and soft mast of many trees and shrubs.

Conservation status
Although the verdin is listed as a species of least concern [LC] by the IUCN, The North American Breeding Bird Survey suggests that verdin populations have declined by 1.9% per year between 1968 and 2015. This decline could mean that the species has experienced a cumulative decrease of 60% in that 47-year period. Threats to verdin populations include habitat loss as a result of urbanization, human structure collisions, and predation.

title: Verdin


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West Virginia Route 892

West Virginia Route 892 is a north–south state highway located in Wood County, West Virginia. The southern terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 68 south of Lubeck. The northern terminus is at U.S. Route 50 and WV 68 north of Lubeck.

The route is a large loop route, connecting the Ohio River community of Washington to WV 68.

title: West Virginia Route 892


text:
Gavin Campbell, 1st Marquess of Breadalbane

Gavin Campbell, 1st Marquess of Breadalbane, (9 April 1851 – 19 October 1922), styled as Lord Glenorchy between 1862 and 1871 and as the Earl of Breadalbane and Holland between 1871 and 1885, was a Scottish nobleman and Liberal politician.

Background and education
Campbell was born at Fermoy, County Cork, the eldest son of John Campbell, 6th Earl of Breadalbane and Holland, by Mary Theresa, daughter of John Edwards, of Dublin. He was educated at St Andrews. After his father succeeded in the earldom of Breadalbane and Holland in 1862, Campbell became known by the courtesy title Lord Glenorchy. until he succeeded his father in the earldom in 1871.

Military and political career
Breadalbane served as a lieutenant in the 4th Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders from 1873 to 1874. He was later in the Shropshire Yeomanry, entering as Sub-Lieutenant in 1877, being promoted to lieutenant in 1882, retiring as captain in 1887. From 1897 to 1910 he was Lieutenant-Colonel commanding the Highland Cyclist Battalion, of which he became Honorary Colonel in 1913, and was appointed an Aide-de-Camp for volunteers to King Edward VII with the substantive rank of colonel in January 1903.

As his earldom was a Scottish peerage it did not entitle him to an automatic seat in the House of Lords. However, in 1873 he was created Baron Breadalbane, of Kenmure in the County of Perth, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, which gave him a seat in the House of Lords. That same year he was appointed a Lord-in-waiting in the Liberal administration of William Ewart Gladstone. The Liberals fell from power in 1874 but returned to office in 1880, when Breadalbane was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Treasurer of the Household by Gladstone, a post he held until 1885. The latter year he was created Earl of Ormelie, in the County of Caithness, and Marquess of Breadalbane, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

Lord Breadalbane did not serve in Gladstone's brief 1886 administration, but once again held office as Lord Steward of the Household from 1892 to 1895, firstly under Gladstone and from 1894 under the premiership of Lord Rosebery. In 1894 he was appointed a Knight of the Garter. He also served as Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1893, 1894 and 1895 and as Lord Lieutenant of Argyllshire from 1914 until 1922 and was the last holder of the office of Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland, which he held from 1907 until his death in 1922 in Glasgow.

He was a Knight of the Order of the Seraphim of Sweden and a Knight of Justice of the Order of St John of Jerusalem (KStJ), in which capacity he represented King Edward VII during the dedication in June 1902 of the restored chapel at Marienburg Castle, originally the seat of the Teutonic Order. He was awarded the silver medal of the Royal Humane Society, and was also a Brigadier-General of the Royal Company of Archers.

Personal life
Lord Breadalbane married Lady Alma Imogen Carlotta Leonore Graham, the youngest daughter of James Graham, 4th Duke of Montrose, in 1872. They had no children. He died at the Central Station Hotel in Glasgow in October 1922, aged 71, and was buried at Finlarig.

The barony of Breadalbane, earldom of Ormelie and marquessate of Breadalbane became extinct on his death, while he was succeeded in his Scottish titles by his nephew Iain. Lady Breadalbane died in May 1932, aged 77.

He owned 438,000 acres in Perth and Argyll.


text: User talk:69.237.47.115

title: User talk:69.237.47.115


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West Virginia Route 891

West Virginia Route 891 is a 2.29 mi long east–west state highway located in Marshall County, West Virginia. The western terminus of the route is at U.S. Route 250 roughly three miles north of Cameron. The eastern terminus is at the Pennsylvania state line, where WV 891 continues east as Pennsylvania Route 21.

Route description
WV 891 begins at an intersection with US 250 north of Cameron and heads east. The very curvy route mainly serves as a connector to Pennsylvania Route 21, as the highway intersects no other state highways and doesn't run through any communities.

History
Until the late 1980s, the route was known as West Virginia Route 89. WV 89 continued west along present County Route 89 to WV 2 at Proctor.

title: West Virginia Route 891


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Orders of magnitude (frequency)

The following list illustrates various frequencies, measured in hertz, according to decade in the order of their magnitudes, with the negative decades illustrated by events and positive decades by acoustic or electromagnetic uses.

title: Orders of magnitude (frequency)


text: User talk:Khallel

title: User talk:Khallel


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User:AB-me/monobook.css

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Jom Tob Azulay

Jom Tob Azulay (born 1941 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a filmmaker and former diplomat. He has taught film at Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro.

Career
From 1971 to 1974, he served as deputy-consul of Brazil in Los Angeles while attending film courses at University of Southern California, University of California, Los Angeles, and California Institute of the Arts. In 1972, he took a course on Film as a Visual Art, taught by Slavko Vorkapich at USC. In 1973, the experience of documenting the studio recording of the bossanova album Elis & Tom with Brazilian director of photography Fernando Duarte was influential in determining his future projects of musical documentaries in Brazil. He also became acquainted with the film Brazil: Report on Torture (1971), a documentary about torture during the Brazilian military regime made in Chile by Haskell Wexler and Saul Landau, which he helped to publicize clandestinely in Brazil and in the US.

In 1974, Azulay resigned for political reasons from the Ministry of Foreign Relations. Still in Los Angeles, he met the Brazilian filmmaker Alberto Cavalcanti with whom he would later work and influence his conception of cinema. Returning to Brazil in 1975, he produced, with the support of state-owned Embrafilme, Um Homem e o Cinema (A Man and the Cinema, 1976), Cavalcanti's last work, and made his first films as photographer-director: the medium-length documentary Exu Mangueira (1975) and the short Euphrasia (1975). Both point to his future aesthetic and thematic inclinations: the immediate rouchian apprehension of reality of direct-cinema and the reconstitution of the historical past. In 1975, he was one of the first to use portable-video equipment (Portapak - ½ ") in Brazil, filming video-art works by Rio de Janeiro's prominent visual artists, such as Anna Bella Geiger, Paulo Herkenhoff, Fernando Cocchiarale, Sônia Andrade, Ivens Machado, Letícia Parente, Angelo de Aquino, and Miriam Danowski.

His first feature films, The Sweet Barbarians (1978) and Heart Pounding Beat (1983), were musicals about pop music using the direct-cinema technique. Heart Pounding Beat used direct-cinema technique in a fictional comedy language in which two actors (Joel Barcellos and Regina Casé) improvised their dialogues as the real action - a Gilberto Gil tour from north to south of the country – took place. The sound of the film in Dolby-Stereo, processed in Los Angeles, introduced this vital audio technology for the first time in Brazilian cinema. In 1993, he was the Brazilian producer of the ending of It's All True, an unfinished film by Orson Welles, shot in 1942 in Brazil. In 1995, he released O Judeu (The Jew), a historical film (18th Century), filmed in Portugal, the first Portuguese-Brazilian official co-production which he produced and directed with an international cast and technical crew. The Jew won several awards, including the prize of Best Movie at the 1995 Brasilia Film Festival and the HBO/Brazil (1996) award.

Filmography

 * Estorvo (1998)
 * O Judeu (The Jew) (1995)
 * It's All True (1993) - Brazilian producer
 * Heart Pounding Beat (1983)
 * Corações a Mil (Musical, 1981)
 * Os Doces Bárbaros (Musical, 1977)
 * Um Homem e o Cinema (A Man and the Cinema, 1976)
 * The Sweet Barbarians (1978)
 * Euphrasia (1975)
 * Exu Mangueira (1975)

title: Jom Tob Azulay


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West Virginia Route 705

West Virginia Route 705 is a short east–west state highway partially located within the Monongalia County city of Morgantown in the U.S. state of West Virginia. The western terminus of the route is at U.S. Route 19 and West Virginia Route 7, directly in front of the WVU Coliseum. The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 119 near the Morgantown Municipal Airport. The route is major road in northern Morgantown. It is maintained by the West Virginia Department of Transportation.

Patteson Drive (mileposts 0.0 to 0.7)
WV 705 begins as Patteson Drive in front of the WVU Coliseum entrance. Patteson Drive is named after former West Virginia governor Okey L. Patteson. It travels to the east-northeast toward WVU's Ruby Memorial Hospital. Patteson Drive carries two lanes in each direction and has left turn lanes for its entire length. Located on this segment of the road are several restaurants, churches, and other businesses. This section of road ends at University Avenue, past which the road continues as Van Voorhis Road.

Van Voorhis Road (mileposts 0.7 to 1.2)
Van Voorhis Road is a short segment of WV 705 in the Suncrest neighborhood of Morgantown. Still four lanes with a shared left turn lane, Van Voorhis Road begins at University Avenue and then turns sharply north at Elmer Prince Drive as it skirts the western edge of the West Virginia University Health Sciences Campus. As Van Voorhis Road continues to the north, WV 705 turns to the right onto Chestnut Ridge Road at a four-way intersection with that road and Burroughs Street

Chestnut Ridge Road (mileposts 1.2 to 1.8)
Now on the northern edge of the WVU Health Sciences Campus, WV 705 heads east as Chestnut Ridge Road. Chestnut Ridge Road passes the Suburban Center, a small shopping center, Mylan Pharmaceuticals, and North Elementary School. It then intersects Pineview Drive, which provides access to Monongalia General Hospital, turns to the southeast, and ends one block later at Willowdale Road, which provides access to Ruby Memorial Hospital.

Route 705 (mileposts 1.8 to 3.5)
The rest of 705 is simply known as "705". Officially, it is named the 201st Memorial Highway. Between Willowdale Rd. and Stewartstown Road, The area to the south of Route 705 is known as the "Big Dig" due to several recent development projects in the area. Several apartment complexes surround this segment of the highway also. After Stewartstown Rd., Route 705 becomes a two-lane road with left-turn lanes for the first time. As of October 2009, 705 was widened to three lanes from Stewartstown Road to the Mileground. Once at the Mileground US 119, the right lane becomes a right-turn lane and the left a left-turn lane. As for the other direction, it originates with only one lane towards Stewartstown Road, until midway between Mileground and Stewartstown Road, then it widens to a full 4-lane highway. Other upgrades, such as an acceleration lane from Stewartstown Road, and a new left-turn lane onto Stewartstown Road were also added, alone with new stoplights to accommodate the new Suncrest Towne Center.

title: West Virginia Route 705


text:
Talk:Immortal

Friggula? Really?
Anybody have any reason why I shouldn't delete the "Friggula" entry as vandalism of a particularly puerile nature? rowley (talk) 22:37, 24 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Yeah: that I deleted it on account of there being no article on the topic. —chaos5023 (talk) 23:31, 24 May 2010 (UTC)

hi — Preceding unsigned comment added by 163.153.81.100 (talk) 16:58, 8 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Immortal


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Pamphylian Greek

Pamphylian was a little-attested dialect of Ancient Greek that was spoken in Pamphylia, on the southern coast of Asia Minor. Its origins and relation to other Greek dialects are uncertain, though a number of scholars have proposed isoglosses with Arcadocypriot. It is the sole classical era dialect which did not use articles, suggesting that it split off from other dialects early. Some of its distinctive characteristics reflect potential language contact with Anatolian languages spoken nearby.

Text corpus
Pamphylian is known from about 300 inscriptions, most of them from the Pamphylian city of Aspendos. Nearly all of them are short and funeral and consist of names only. Pamphylian graffiti giving single names have also been found abroad, in Egypt (Abydos) and Delos. The longest inscription is a 36 line decree from Aspendos, first analyzed in detail in 1880 by William M. Ramsay. Inscriptions are dated from the fifth century BCE to the Roman period, most of them being from the second century BCE.

Coins issued by Pamphylian cities also bear the script. Some 30 Pamphylian single words are known from glosses given by Hesychius, Eustathius, and the Etymologicum Magnum.

Pronunciation and writing
Pamphylia had a variant local alphabet, which was probably borrowed from other Greek alphabets. According to Selvi & Santamaria (2023) the Pamphylian alphabet stems from the 'dark blue' alphabets of North Eastern Peloponnese. The Pamphylian alphabet made use both of the original Pamphylian digamma (Ͷ) and a standard digamma (Ϝ). It has been surmised that the original sound in some environments (after vowels) was represented by Ͷ; where the sound had changed to labiodental  in the Pamphylian dialect, it was represented by Ϝ. Sometimes Ͷ also stood in the place of beta. It was found by Selvi & Santamaria (2023) that the Pamphylian alphabet originated from a process of selection, adaptation, and refunctionalization of a Northeast Peloponnesian model. This region, closely linked to Pamphylia by mythological and historical ties, used dark blue alphabets from Corinth to Argos, influenced by other Peloponnesian centers like Sparta. The use of <Ͷ> declined in the 4th century but persisted until the end of the Hellenistic period for sociocultural reasons. The Northeast Peloponnesian corpus doctrinae, encompassing the alphabets of the region, already had features of the Pamphylian alphabet. <Ϝ> represented the posterior approximant, and <Ͷ> was linked to the letter for /b/ in Corinth, possibly also representing /w/. When this system reached Anatolia, it became the Pamphylian alphabet through interaction with Anatolian alphabets and the phonetic changes in the Pamphylian dialect. This resulted in the variable use of <Ͷ>, <Ϝ>, and  during both Classical and Hellenistic periods, leading to their overlapping phonetic values. There is also a psi-like sampi, used probably to represent the sounds , , or.

A conspicuous element in Pamphylian texts are double iotas, where the first iota denotes an /i/-sound and the second a glide /j/.

The Η sign usually represents a /h/-sound (rough breathing); only rarely, in a few late inscriptions, it is apparently used to represent the classical Greek eta vowel (/ɛ:/ or /i:/).

Eustathius, quoting Heraclides, says that the Pamphylians "liked the /b/-sound so much that they often put b's in"; for example, instead of aëlios ('Sun'), they said babelios. And the Etymologicum Magnum says that they tended to swallow /s/-sounds and pronounce them as a 'hairy' (δασύς) sound, i.e., a rough breathing: instead of mousika they said mōˁika. (One may compare a similar phenomenon in the Anatolian languages, where, for example, Milyan masa, 'god', is an older counterpart of Lycian maha.)

An inscription from Perge dated to around 400 BC reads: ͶανάGreek Sampi Pamphylian.svgαι Πρειίαι Κλεμύτας Λϝαράμυ Ͷασιρϝο̄τας ἀνέθε̄κε (Wanassāi Preiiāi Klemutas Lvaramu Wasirvōtas anethēke, 'Klemutas the wasirvotas, son of Lvaramus, dedicated this to the Queen of Perge').

In eastern Pamphylia, the Pamphylian cities Side and Lyrbe-Seleukia used another language and script, called Sidetic.

Relation with the Anatolian languages
Pamphylic Greek appears to have been heavily influenced by nearby Anatolian languages such as Lycian, Pisidian, and Sidetic, in both phonology and syntax. In morphology and lexicon, Anatolian influence apparently was much more limited.

The phonological influence of Anatolian on Pamphylic has been characterized as "massive structural interference", affecting both the consonant and vowel repertoire. Aspirates gave way to fricatives, as did stop consonants.

In syntax three specific peculiarities stand out: absence of the article "the", use of the dative with pre- and postpositions where other Greeks would use a genitive, and the use of a special expression και νι + imperative.

All of these features can be explained as an adaption of the Greek language by imperfect second-language speakers: if a small group of colonizing Greek immigrants remained a minority in an area inhabited by Anatolian speaking people, the heavily accented Greek spoken as a second language by the local population, coloured by their native Anatolian language, would become the norm in the area. Because Pamphylia was an isolated region ("a backwater, relatively inaccessible"), there were few external stimuli to later change this situation.

Glossary
The following lexicon was extracted from the work A Greek–English Lexicon:

 * ἀβελιακόν/abeliakon – 'solar' (Attic: ἡλιακόν, heliakon)
 * Ἀβώβας/Abôbas – Adonis (Attic: ὁ Ἄδωνις)
 * ἄγεθλα/agethla – 'sacrificial victims' (Attic: 'the driven ones')
 * ἀγός/agos – 'priest' (Attic: hiereus, Cf. agô lead)
 * ἀδρί/adri (Attic: ἀνδρί, andri, dative of aner meaning 'to (for) the man')
 * Ἀηδών/Aêdôn or Ἀβηδών/Abêdôn – 'Athena'
 * αἰβετός/aibetos – 'eagle' (Attic: ἀετός, aetos)
 * ἀμείνασις/ameinasis – 'mentha' (Attic: ἡδύοσμον, hêdyosmon)
 * Ἀπέλο̄ν/Apelon (Attic: Ἀπόλλων)
 * ἄρκυμα/arkuma – 'locust' (Attic: ἀκρίς, akris)
 * ἀτρώποισι/atrôpoisi or ἀτρο̄́ποισι dative, plural (Attic: τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, tois anthropois, 'to/for the people')
 * βαβέλιος/babelios – 'sun' (Cretan and Doric: ἀβέλιος, abelios; Laconian: βέλα, bela; Aeolic: ἀέλιος, aelios; Ionic: ἠέλιος, ēelios; Attic: helios)
 * βόϝα/bova – 'oxen, cattle'? (Attic: bota boes)
 * βο̄λε̄μενυς/bolemenus – 'willing' (Attic: boulomenos) (ἐβο̄λᾱσετυ/ebolasetu – 'they wanted to' (Attic: eboulêthêsan)
 * βουρικυπάρισσος/bourikuparissos – 'vineyard' (Attic: ampelos)
 * Εστϝεδιιυς/Estvediius – 'Aspendios' or 'Aspendian'
 * ϝέτιια/vetiia – 'years' (Attic: etê; Homeric: etea; Locrian, Elean, and Arcadocypriot: Wetos; vetus)
 * ϝίλσις/vilsis – 'distress' (genitive of vilsiios).
 * ἰκτίς/iktis – 'weasel, skunk, cat or member of Felidae' (Attic: αἴλουρος, aílouros; Attic: iktis)
 * ἴοδυ/iodu – imp. 'they should go' (Attic: iontôn)
 * κασσύας/kassuas – 'thunnus' (Attic: ὄρκυνος, orkunos, orcynus)
 * κατεϝέρξοδυ/kateverxodu (katarxontôn?)
 * κόρκορας/korkoras – 'bird or rooster' (Modern Greek: kókoras)
 * κόρταφος/kortaphos – 'temple (anatomy)' (Attic κρόταφος, krotaphos)
 * λάφνη/laphnê – 'Daphne' (Attic: δάφνη)
 * λάψα/lapsa – 'turnip' (Attic: γογγυλίς, gongulis)
 * νι/ni – 'in' or 'one' (Attic: en or hen)
 * ὀρούβω/oroubô – 'rush forward' (Homeric: orouô, ornumi)
 * πέδε/pede – 'five' (Attic: πέντε, pente; Modern Greek: pende, informal pede)
 * περτέδο̄κε/pertedoke – 'he gave' (Attic: prosedôke; Aeolic: pres for Attic pros)
 * πηρία/pêria – 'field or farm'
 * σαράπιοι/sarapiοi – 'small fish, picarel, or maenidae' (Attic: μαινίδες, mainides)
 * σισίλαρος/sisilaros – 'partridge' (Attic: πέρδιξ, perdix)
 * σκυδρὺ/skudru
 * τριμίσκον/trimiskon – 'clothing' (Attic: himation, tribon; Koine: trimitos or trimiton meaning 'garment of drill or ticking')
 * ὕλογος/hulogos – 'army' (Attic: stratos; Attic: σύλλογος, syllogos meaning 'reunion' or 'gathering')
 * Ͷανάͳα Πρειία/Wanassa Preiia – 'lady-goddess' (Homeric: ϝάνασσα see wanax; Κλεμύτας Λͷαραμυ Ϝασιρͷο̄τας 'dedicated it to her')
 * ͷοῖκυ/woiku – 'house' (Attic: oikos; Cretan and Locrian: ϝοικία, Woikia)
 * ͷρυμάλια/wrumalia
 * φάβος/phabos – 'light' (Homeric: phaos; Attic: phôs)
 * φεννίον/phennion (Attic: μηδικὴ ὁδός, 'Medean road')
 * φίκατι/phikati – 'twenty' (Attic: eikosi; Laconian: beikati; Aeolian, Doric: weikati).

Onomasticon
The following onomastic lexicon was based on Claude Brixhe's Dialecte grec de Pamphylie:

 * Ἀθιμῖϝυς Athimivus and Ἀθιμεϝς
 * Ἀπελάͷρυͷις Apelawruwis
 * Ἀρτιμίνα Artimina Ἀρτιμίδωρυς Artimidôrus (Attic: Artemidôros)
 * Ἁφαστυς Aphastus (Attic: Hephaistos)
 * Ἀφορδίσιιυς Aphordisiius (Attic: Aphrodisios)
 * Βαλυς Balus
 * Βοβᾶς Bobas, Βοβᾶτυς
 * Γουκαλις Goukalis
 * Δέξιϝυς Dexivus (Attic: Dexios)
 * Διβῶτυς Dibôtus
 * Διϝίδωρυς Dividôrus (Attic: Diodôros) Διϝ- also in Cypriot names
 * Διϝονούσιυς Divonousius (Attic: Dionysios)
 * Ἑλλόθεμις Ellothemis (Cf. Cypriot: Ἑλλόϝοικος, Ellowoikos from Homeric esthlos meaning 'good', 'brave')
 * Εστλεγιιυς Estlegiius
 * Εχϝαλια Echvalia
 * Ζοϝαμυς Zovamus
 * Ζώϝειτους Zôveitous
 * Ϝανάξαδρυς Vanaxadrus – wanax + anêr
 * Ϝαρνόπα Varnopa Ϝάρνιτους Warnitous
 * Ϝεχιδάμυς Vechidamus (Attic: Echedamos)
 * Ϝέχιτους Vechitous (Attic: Echetos)
 * Ϝουκω Voukô
 * Θανάδωρυς Thanadorus (Attic: Athenodôros)
 * Κέδαιϝις Kedaivis
 * Κεσκεὺς Keskeus Κεσκῖϝους Keskiwous
 * Κοπερίνα Koperina
 * Κορϝαλίνα Korvalina – 'little girl' (Arcadocypriot: korwa)
 * Κόρραγυς Korragus Ἀσπέδιιυς Aspediius 'Aspendian'
 * Κουρασιὼ Kourasiô
 * Κυδρομολις Kudromolis
 * Λαυδίκα Laudika (Attic: Laodikê)
 * Μιαλίνα Mialina or Meialina (Attic: Megalina, Μιακλις Miaklis; Attic: Megaklês)
 * Μουριξους Mourixous
 * Μουρμακω Mourmakô
 * Νεϝοχάρις Nevocharis (Attic: Neocharês and Νεϝόπολις Newopolis)
 * Ὀρυμνιϝυς Orumnivus
 * Πεδδᾶτος Peddatos
 * Πελλαυρύις Pellauruis
 * Περίϝεργυς Perivergus (Attic: periergos)
 * Ποναμελδῶς Ponameldôs
 * Πορσόπα Porsopa
 * Πρεῖϝυς Preivus
 * Σϝαρδιας Svardias and Ισϝαρδιας (Lydian: Sfardẽtiš, 'inhabitant of the Lydian capital Sfard, Sardes')
 * Ͷαναξίωνυς Wanaxiônus
 * Φορδισία Phordisia (Attic: Aphrodisia)
 * Χορείνα Choreina

title: Pamphylian Greek


text: Template:Districts of Belize

title: Template:Districts of Belize


text:
Yves Allegro

Yves Allegro (born 24 August 1978) is a retired Swiss professional tennis player. He is a doubles specialist and is well known as compatriot Roger Federer's doubles partner and friend. Allegro and Federer teamed up in doubles at the Australian Open in 2003 and 2004.

On 9 December 2019 at a hearing at the District Court of Sierra, Allegro received a two year suspended sentence for sexual coercion. The offence occurred in October 2014 while in Tallinn, Estonia towards an ex-Austrian player. Allegro appealed against the verdict.

Tournament Director
In 2020, Allegro founded an ITF M25 tennis tournament that took place in Sierre, Valais. Rinky Hijikata won the 2021 edition. Remy Bertola of Switzerland won the first edition won the 2022 edition.

title: Yves Allegro


text:
User talk:Sjohnson33

Welcome!

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Jacob Fales
Please read what WP is and don't create made up articles to WP, they will be deleted. Proper edits are always welcome. With best, feydey 20:51, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Hall Monitor 19:31, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sjohnson33


text:
West Virginia Route 635

West Virginia Route 635 is a north–south state highway located in McDowell County, West Virginia. The southern terminus is at the Virginia state line south of Jolo, where the road continues south as State Route 635, a secondary state highway. The northern terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 83 in Jolo.

title: West Virginia Route 635


title: File:Bangladesh2005.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Greenlighting (2nd nomination)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was NO CONSENSUS. — J I P | Talk 11:34, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Greenlighting
It's been several months since the first succesful deletion of this page. The Slate article notwithstanding, it is still not notable: I'd say it is a prime example of a hoax that fails the "will anyone care about this a year from now?" test. Therefore, I'm nominating the newer version of this page for deletion also. The original deletion discussion can be found here --Nandesuka 20:52, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Just to be clear: I think this article should be deleted as both a neologism (for the term), and because the hoax itself was nonnotable.  The fact that the Slate article itself gained traction from the earlier hoax Wikipedia article just adds an element of "unclean hands" to the whole charade.  Nandesuka 20:56, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Verifiable. Not a perma-stub. Snowspinner 20:57, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Greenlight. It looks like SomethingAwfulcruft, and it's blatantly self-referential. --Idont Havaname 21:58, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Self-referentiality is not a deletion criterion, and the major source is not Something Awful but Slate.com Snowspinner 22:47, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I think this is notable enough. N (t/c) 17:20, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please it is notable enough and should not be erased Yuckfoo 19:23, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I believe that this is notable. I wouldn't call it self-referential to talk about Wikipedia if Wikipedia was involved in the event.  To me, a self-reference is more along the lines of "this wikipedia article is about greenlighting" sort of thing.  — Jesse's Girl | Talk 15:59, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per Jesse's Girl. ~⌈Markaci⌋ 2005-10-5 T 01:14:23 Z
 * Delete for reasons given my Nandesuka. --Tabor 06:00, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not everything is notable, and this is no more notable than what I had for breakfast.!Ben@liddicott.com 19:05, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. We've had this debate before, and it's stayed twice. Notable in Slate.com., as per Jesse's Girl and Snowspinner.
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.