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User talk:WCFrancis/Archive02

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 * Archives may not be in actual date order and may not include all entries, just those I consider notable significant.
 * -WCFrancis 17:09, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Archive the Second
begun 17:05, 3 October 2005 (UTC).

L. Ron Hubbard reference in John W. Campbell article
I just placed this note on User talk:Hayford Peirce regarding John W. Campbell
 * Please note that I merely moved the sentence to the Talk:John W. Campbell page and said it was for the time being. I have also put several other references I have found on the talk page. Please don't feel that I am trying to revise history, just trying to achieve NPOV with all the facts.
 * ~ WCFrancis 17:58, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Okie, I appreciate that you're just trying to improve the article and make it NPOV. But the sentence you moved, even if only temporarily, is absolutely NPOV -- it just states some facts about Campbell and ASF.... Hayford Peirce 18:06, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your response (now at User talk:WCFrancis). You found my change while I was looking things up on the net (and wondering where my copy of the book collecting John Campbell's editorials might have ended up in the last move). A new user had entered a comment that Campbell had later regretted his involvement. This was in a form that should have gone into the Talk page and I moved that. At the same time I moved the reference to the Talk page, knowing it was potentially controversial. Then I found a couple of references which I have put excerpts and source URLs on Talk:John W. Campbell. Talk pages are intended to be used to attempt to reach consensus on how the article should read. I suspect that DGOQ felt that the sentence as it stood did not tell the whole story. ~ WCFrancis 19:56, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Hello, Neighbor
Hello fellow Wikipedian! I saw that you had edited some stuff on Glynn County, so I thought I'd introduce myself. I live in Brunswick, Georgia (actually half way to Darien, Georgia). You must live somewhere along the coast too. Bubba73 21:42, July 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * ==Greetings from the neighborhood==
 * Hi. Your deduction that I live in the coast is correct.
 * How did you settle on your username, anyway? Not many programmers get called Bubba.-WCFrancis 01:06, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I had a 1973 car that I let my sister have about 1980 because she needed a car. Her roommate said that it looked like the kind of car someone named "Bubba" would drive.  So the car got named "Bubba".  And it is a '73.  My wife thinks she's met you.  Bubba73 01:52, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * I meant to tell you that I got a laugh out of the name choice. And it is possible that she may have met me. I've been in Island Players productions and get in the newspapers occasionally due to water resources stuff. -- WCFrancis 20:38, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Liberty Ships
Just skimmed over your contributions re: Liberty Ship construction in Brunswick. Good going - important and notable part of Brunswick's past. I have heard (but do not have verifiable reference) that Brunswick's population (inside Corporate Limits) then was over twice what it is now, due to war workers. Hope we can find some verifiable data - maybe Census? --WCFrancis 06:58, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you. I don't know about an old census because they're taken every 10 years.  My mother says that Brunswick declined after the war. (Her father and uncle worked onthe ships, and my other grandfather did too.)  There were 16,000 people working on the ships, so that would have been a big increase in the population.
 * That would tend to support the claim of higher population since the workforce is always less than the population. -- WCFrancis 20:34, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * (I've often suspected that the Brunswick streets given letters were done rapidly in that perios, but I don't know.) However, not everyone lived in Brunswick permanently. Many people stayed in temporary housing during the week and went back home on weekends, sometimes 100 miles or more away (at least one of my grandfathers did that).  Some made long daily commutes.  (Some of that probably needs to be in the article, but I only have word-of-mouth about that.)
 * The street had the lettered names much further back - On the wall of our office there is a copy of a 1910 map by F. J. Torras showing them. There are even older maps (if I remember correctly) showing them. Gloucester St. was once E Street. I don't know how we could find out when A through E were renamed other than a laborious manual search through Commission minutes from the 19th century. -- WCFrancis 20:34, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Also, about the controversy about Lanier and writing the poem in Brunswick, that probably can come out because I don't see much, if any, suggestion that he actually wrote it there. He probably was inspired there but wrote it elsewhere, and I don't see any real controversy about that.  Bubba73 14:30, July 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * I think it's generally accepted that he wrote it in N. Georgia. We might be able to find verifiable info on that somewhere. -- WCFrancis 20:34, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * although the GA DOT web site that the article links to for the poem reports it as "--Baltimore, 1878". --WCFrancis 01:34, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * PS - also it wasn't a case of ships being launched that month instead of a month earlier or later. The month before and the month after each had the full 5 ships launched, so there really were two extra ships that month.  Bubba73 00:02, August 1, 2005 (UTC)

User:LevKamensky
Posted on User talk:Postdlf:
 * I noted that you removed the AfD tag left by User:LevKamensky on Markian Popov. Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Markian Popov still there; I suspect that the AfD nomination was malformed. (I removed his yelling when I saw it.) His reasons are both inconsistant and incorrect, I saw nothing at all wrong with the article. When I looked at his talk page, I was surprised at his "rules"; they seem inconsistant with what I have come to expect on Wikipedia. (I call them "requests" on my talk page, I first called them rules and realizied that was a bit much.) His first edits were in July (3 dates, I think) then nothing until a batch of edits today, so I would think he's still new. This AfD does appear that it may be the result of an agenda on the part of this user.

-WCFrancis 22:21, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

Articles for deletion/Markian Popov deleted by User:Texture as bad faith nomination (concur). Follow red link and click on "view deleted edits" for record. --WCFrancis 22:28, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

User:LevKamensky was permanently blocked for threatening to commit further vandalism by User:Zoe on or about 00:25, 22 September 2005 (UTC). -19:23, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

Ruth Archer
Hi. I was edit conflicted by your speedy tag on that article - hope you don't mind me over-riding your edit. Ruth Archer is indeed a character in The Archers (though not Pakistani) so I've made that a redirect to The Archers. Looks like that author is busy doing a degree of low-level "hilarious" vandalism on various articles regarding Northumberland at the moment... Regards Tonywalton | Talk 23:48, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
 * No problem. I had just tried IMDB and only found the production company so (without context) I had no idea that there was actually a series (it being radio). Thanks for letting me know. -WCFrancis 23:52, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, it helps being a Brit :-) TA is actually the longest-running soap in the world, (though devotees swear with some irony that it is not a soap; it's a FOTWD - Fly On The Wall Documentary) As you say it being on radio does add to the obscurity. Tonywalton  | Talk 23:58, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

Removed Redirect. No matter, User:Hall Monitor has deleted it anyway. I'll leave it. Thanks for letting me know anyway. Tonywalton | Talk 00:02, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

Your Comments on Davien Crow
Article this refers to here.

 * In reply to your comment You may verify the endorsement and contact HALO GUITARS at wford@haloguitars.com (the owner), artist@haloguitars.com about their endorsement pending on the custom. They have to have the guitar in their hands for the endorsement to show on the site. The endorsement has simply not been put up because Davien has not recieved his guitar. When asking please Reference Sin Star's Endorsement and Custom Invert. If needed I can ask the band for a scan of their contract with Halo Guitars ? I might not get a reply who knows. Davien has from time to time been willing to give me info for my fansite but he is Hartford, CT at the moment for Gothstock according to their official site.

 * I ask please reconsider changing your vote, It should not be based on the rudeness of the contributors or be overlooking information.
 * Look the point summarized is I am willing to work with you guys on why these were deleted but until now noone has given us any feedback and has even lied about stuff trying to get it deleted. All 3 of them meet the sufficient amount of requirements for WP:MUSIC, the guidelines in WP:Criteria_for_inclusion_of_biographies, Importance, Notability (the fact that suicide girls, gidget gein, and marilyn manson are involved and can be verified in those links should proove that), Fame_and_importance mainly the part stating "There is clear proof that a reasonable number of people are or were concurrently interested in the subject (eg. it is at least well-known in a community)" If you can't tell the community of Myspace.com and Livejournal.com alone are enough to meet this criterea you are blind. If you do google searches, go to forums and search their names, or visit internet archives you can find un-disputable information on the band from reputable sources, first hand accounts that are years older than these discussions, and intangible archives kept by internet archives. IF you want more detail read my above rant, your right I do sound mad about this, because I can't see how you can say they do not meet criterea or that this is a vanity page. Please accept my apologies for anything you have taken to be rude and please re-consider changing your vote. What Harm could it do ? BTW I am not trying to bully anyone, I can show you the location of the people threatening to come here and vandalize the hell out of Wikipedia. But I do not want that to be part of your decision at all.

 * I have posted this, I hope that some of you will consider looking for my information and reconsider your vote for now. A lot of people are simply responding to the rudeness of user:sin-thetik and some things I said are being misconstrude as threats. I am simply upset because of all the time it took to write these 3 articles, knowing they fit the guidelines, only to have somone delete them with the proof and verifiable facts right in front of them .. just their un-willingness to read them. Please think it over, I appreciate your time. I'm just a fan girl trying to be the first to get an article up about them since I have been running a fan site about them for almost 2 years now.

Please think it over. G4DGET 04:35, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Replies
My reply, posted on User Talk:G4DGET:

Regarding your request to change my vote, read my comments again. It says clearly (I thought) "Comment only for now." At the end of my comments I added: "More later, I may even vote register my opinion." What part of that was hard to understand?

Please remember that Wikipedians have to deal with massive numbers of non-notable bands. There are many of them put up for deletion every day. The fact that the articles may not be acceptable for Wikipedia (I see you have taken a look at WP:MUSIC) has nothing to do with their worth or talent. It has nothing to do with how hard they have worked to get where they are. Wikipedians who do a lot of work on AfD get tired of seeing this and often refer to "bandcruft". (Cruft is worthless stuff that floats to the top of molten iron, if I remember correctly, and the word has entered wikipedian jargon to mean something that has little worth except to fans - you also see Trekcruft, StarWarscruft and similar.) So they may be cynical about more entries for a band and musician.

You also need to be aware that there were previous versions of the articles for Mind Pollution, Sin Star and Davien Crow. Under those conditions, the only thing that kept your articles from being Speedily deleted (under existing policy and guidelines) is all the material you put in them, asserting notability.

Remember also, that one of the pillars is that everything must be verifiable. This means external information, not fan sites or blogs or anything created by subjects of articles.

You have my assurance that I am reviewing the material you have presented thoroughly and will not make any decision lightly.

Does the band/artist have any full length CDs available and what label? Are they for sale anywhere on-line? Did they perform in any tour? If so, is there any verifiable evidence of this?

Be cautious, also, about appearing to bully or threaten. I think you are aware of this. Many Wikipedians will dig in their heels if they feel that someone is attempting to intimidate them, resulting in delete votes in cases where they might have voted keep, some form of merge or not voted at all. I do not feel as though there has been any threats, but others see some of your frustrated comments that way. I realize you are new to Wikipedia and not familiar with expectations of more experienced users and of community standards of notability arrived at more or less by consensus. Patience can pay off here. (I am still a newby in many ways; I have been editing since March of this year. I have over a thousand edits but since most of them are not in articles, they don't count for much. ( I also make a bunch of typos so one change might be 3 or four so-called edits.) I have learned that I have a lot to learn about how Wikipedia works.

Good luck and remember that it isn't the end of Davien Crow or Sin Star if the articles get deleted. If they are as good as you think, they'll be back when more notable and the articles will stick. WCFrancis 05:19, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I know I am just trying to make sure that everyone knows the facts. Sorry to have bugged you a little. As far as what you said. "You have my assurance that I am reviewing the material you have presented thoroughly and will not make any decision lightly."

Does the band/artist have any full length CDs available and what label? Are they for sale anywhere on-line? Did they perform in any tour? If so, is there any verifiable evidence of this?"

They have had 2 national which tours can be verified by looking through the entries on the Internet Archives - Archive.org when viewing past sites for http://mind-pollution.net, http://sinstar.net, and http://marilyn-manson.net as well as some other sites. All of these were listed and cited as sources. I also provided some links in my rebuttle to further proove this. As far as their CDs Mushroomcloud Records has the enry for "we whill be heard 2" which is a compilation released by a notable indie label. The other releases have not been full length or distributed for Sin Star however Mind Pollution did have a few albums avalible in store catalouges (CDs stores don't stock but sell) but because of legal trouble mentioned in the articles everything was forced to be discontinued immediately. But after all 1 requirement needs to be met for WP:MUSIC. This band has gathered a very large following and your right sooner or later there will be an acceptable article on them. But I do not see why this is not the case now seeing as how they meet the requirements and are linked to some very interesting famous people like Gidget Gein and Marilyn Manson directly.

 * Thanks for taking time to reply. I very much appreciate it. You have been one of the only people to reply to me with respect thus far G4DGET 05:33, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * you're quite welcome. Some editors occasionally lose sight of Policies_and_guidelines number 4 Respect other contributors. We may not always agree but I hope we can keep it civil. WCFrancis 05:47, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Thanks (Boosh related)
Thanks for adding the merge tag on the Dixon Bainbridge article, I was tired and missed that step. Alf melmac 07:50, 25 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm on a quest to find a way to deal with stuff/cruft that does not involve going to the bogged down AfD whenver possible. Tiny articles that can be merged instead of deleted are in that category. I was not aware of The Mighty Boosh at first and there were some new articles about it without context. When I found something with context I went back replacing speedy tags with merge tags. Sometime in the midst of that I caught the one on Dixon Bainbridge. WCFrancis 16:02, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

To Talk Page
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title: User talk:WCFrancis/Archive02


text: User talk:80.201.195.79

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:80.201.195.79


text:
Milldale (Southington)

Milldale is a neighborhood in the incorporated town of Southington, Hartford County, Connecticut, United States.

title: Milldale (Southington)


text:
Photosensitizer

Photosensitizers are light absorbers that alter the course of a photochemical reaction. They usually are catalysts. They can function by many mechanisms, sometimes they donate an electron to the substrate, sometimes they abstract a hydrogen atom from the substrate. At the end of this process, the photosensitizer returns to its ground state, where it remains chemically intact, poised to absorb more light. One branch of chemistry which frequently utilizes photosensitizers is polymer chemistry, using photosensitizers in reactions such as photopolymerization, photocrosslinking, and photodegradation. Photosensitizers are also used to generate prolonged excited electronic states in organic molecules with uses in photocatalysis, photon upconversion and photodynamic therapy. Generally, photosensitizers absorb electromagnetic radiation consisting of infrared radiation, visible light radiation, and ultraviolet radiation and transfer absorbed energy into neighboring molecules. This absorption of light is made possible by photosensitizers' large de-localized π-systems, which lowers the energy of HOMO and LUMO orbitals to promote photoexcitation. While many photosensitizers are organic or organometallic compounds, there are also examples of using semiconductor quantum dots as photosensitizers.

Mechanistic considerations
Photosensitizers absorb light (hν) and transfer the energy from the incident light into another nearby molecule either directly or by a chemical reaction. Upon absorbing photons of radiation from incident light, photosensitizers transform into an excited singlet state. The single electron in the excited singlet state then flips in its intrinsic spin state via Intersystem crossing to become an excited triplet state. Triplet states typically have longer lifetimes than excited singlets. The prolonged lifetime increases the probability of interacting with other molecules nearby. Photosensitizers experience varying levels of efficiency for intersystem crossing at different wavelengths of light based on the internal electronic structure of the molecule.

Parameters
For a molecule to be considered a photosensitizer:

 * The photosensitizer must impart a physicochemical change upon a substrate after absorbing incident light.
 * Upon imparting a chemical change, the photosensitizer returns to its original chemical form.

It is important to differentiate photosensitizers from other photochemical interactions including, but not limited to, photoinitiators, photocatalysts, photoacids and photopolymerization. Photosensitizers utilize light to enact a chemical change in a substrate; after the chemical change, the photosensitizer returns to its initial state, remaining chemically unchanged from the process. Photoinitiators absorb light to become a reactive species, commonly a radical or an ion, where it then reacts with another chemical species. These photoinitiators are often completely chemically changed after their reaction. Photocatalysts accelerate chemical reactions which rely upon light. While some photosensitizers may act as photocatalysts, not all photocatalysts may act as photosensitizers. Photoacids (or photobases) are molecules which become more acidic (or basic) upon the absorption of light. Photoacids increase in acidity upon absorbing light and thermally reassociate back into their original form upon relaxing. Photoacid generators undergo an irreversible change to become an acidic species upon light absorption. Photopolymerization can occur in two ways. Photopolymerization can occur directly wherein the monomers absorb the incident light and begin polymerizing, or it can occur through a photosensitizer-mediated process where the photosensitizer absorbs the light first before transferring energy into the monomer species.

History
Photosensitizers have existed within natural systems for as long as chlorophyll and other light sensitive molecules have been a part of plant life, but studies of photosensitizers began as early as the 1900s, where scientists observed photosensitization in biological substrates and in the treatment of cancer. Mechanistic studies related to photosensitizers began with scientists analyzing the results of chemical reactions where photosensitizers photo-oxidized molecular oxygen into peroxide species. The results were understood by calculating quantum efficiencies and fluorescent yields at varying wavelengths of light and comparing these results with the yield of reactive oxygen species. However, it was not until the 1960s that the electron donating mechanism was confirmed through various spectroscopic methods including reaction-intermediate studies and luminescence studies.

The term photosensitizer does not appear in scientific literature until the 1960s. Instead, scientists would refer to photosensitizers as sensitizers used in photo-oxidation or photo-oxygenation processes. Studies during this time period involving photosensitizers utilized organic photosensitizers, consisting of aromatic hydrocarbon molecules, which could facilitate synthetic chemistry reactions. However, by the 1970s and 1980s, photosensitizers gained attraction in the scientific community for their role within biologic processes and enzymatic processes. Currently, photosensitizers are studied for their contributions to fields such as energy harvesting, photoredox catalysis in synthetic chemistry, and cancer treatment.

Types of photosensitization processes
There are two main pathways for photosensitized reactions.

Type I
In Type I photosensitized reactions, the photosensitizer is excited by a light source into a triplet state. The excited, triplet state photosensitizer then reacts with a substrate molecule which is not molecular oxygen to both form a product and reform the photosensitizer. Type I photosensitized reactions result in the photosensitizer being quenched by a different chemical substrate than molecular oxygen.

Type II
In Type II photosensitized reactions, the photosensitizer is excited by a light source into a triplet state. The excited photosensitizer then reacts with a ground state, triplet oxygen molecule. This excites the oxygen molecule into the singlet state, making it a reactive oxygen species. Upon excitation, the singlet oxygen molecule reacts with a substrate to form a product. Type II photosensitized reaction result in the photosensitizer being quenched by a ground state oxygen molecule which then goes on to react with a substrate to form a product.

Composition of photosensitizers
Photosensitizers can be placed into 3 generalized domains based on their molecular structure. These three domains are organometallic photosensitizers, organic photosensitizers, and nanomaterial photosensitizers.

Organometallic
Organometallic photosensitizers contain a metal atom chelated to at least one organic ligand. The photosensitizing capacities of these molecules result from electronic interactions between the metal and ligand(s). Popular electron-rich metal centers for these complexes include Iridium, Ruthenium, and Rhodium. These metals, as well as others, are common metal centers for photosensitizers due to their highly filled d-orbitals, or high d-electron counts, to promote metal to ligand charge transfer from pi-electron accepting ligands. This interaction between the metal center and the ligand leads to a large continuum of orbitals within both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) which allows for excited electrons to switch multiplicities via intersystem crossing.

While many organometallic photosensitizer compounds are made synthetically, there also exists naturally occurring, light-harvesting organometallic photosensitizers as well. Some relevant naturally occurring examples of organometallic photosensitizers include Chlorophyll A and Chlorophyll B.

Organic
Organic photosensitizers are carbon-based molecules which are capable of photosensitizing. The earliest studied photosensitizers were aromatic hydrocarbons which absorbed light in the presence of oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species. These organic photosensitizers are made up of highly conjugated systems which promote electron delocalization. Due to their high conjugation, these systems have a smaller gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) as well as a continuum of orbitals within the HOMO and LUMO. The smaller band gap and the continuum of orbitals in both the conduction band and the valence band allow for these materials to enter their triplet state more efficiently, making them better photosensitizers. Some notable organic photosensitizers which have been studied extensively include benzophenones, methylene blue, rose Bengal, flavins, pterins and others.

Quantum dots
Colloidal quantum dots are nanoscale semiconductor materials with highly tunable optical and electronic properties. Quantum dots photosensitize via the same mechanism as organometallic photosensitizers and organic photosensitizers, but their nanoscale properties allow for greater control in distinctive aspects. Some key advantages to the use of quantum dots as photosensitizers includes their small, tunable band gap which allows for efficient transitions to the triplet state, and their insolubility in many solvents which allows for easy retrieval from a synthetic reaction mixture.

Nanorods
Nanorods, similar in size to quantum dots, have tunable optical and electronic properties. Based on their size and material composition, it is possible to tune the maximum absorption peak for nanorods during their synthesis. This control has led to the creation of photosensitizing nanorods.

Photodynamic therapy
Photodynamic therapy utilizes Type II photosensitizers to harvest light to degrade tumors or cancerous masses. This discovery was first observed back in 1907 by Hermann von Tappeiner when he utilized eosin to treat skin tumors. The photodynamic process is predominantly a noninvasive technique wherein the photosensitizers are put inside a patient so that it may accumulate on the tumor or cancer. When the photosensitizer reaches the tumor or cancer, wavelength specific light is shined on the outside of the patient's affected area. This light (preferably near infrared frequency as this allows for the penetration of the skin without acute toxicity) excites the photosensitizer's electrons into the triplet state. Upon excitation, the photosensitizer begins transferring energy to neighboring ground state triplet oxygen to generate excited singlet oxygen. The resulting excited oxygen species then selectively degrades the tumor or cancerous mass.

In February 2019, medical scientists announced that iridium attached to albumin, creating a photosensitized molecule, can penetrate cancer cells and, after being irradiated with light (a process called photodynamic therapy), destroy the cancer cells.

Dye sensitized solar cells
In 1972, scientists discovered that chlorophyll could absorb sunlight and transfer energy into electrochemical cells. This discovery eventually led to the use of photosensitizers as sunlight-harvesting materials in solar cells, mainly through the use of photosensitizer dyes. Dye Sensitized Solar cells utilize these photosensitizer dyes to absorb photons from solar light and transfer energy rich electrons to the neighboring semiconductor material to generate electric energy output. These dyes act as dopants to semiconductor surfaces which allows for the transfer of light energy from the photosensitizer to electronic energy within the semiconductor. These photosensitizers are not limited to dyes. They may take the form of any photosensitizing structure, dependent on the semiconductor material to which they are attached.

Hydrogen generating catalysts
Via the absorption of light, photosensitizers can utilize triplet state transfer to reduce small molecules, such as water, to generate Hydrogen gas. As of right now, photosensitizers have generated hydrogen gas by splitting water molecules at a small, laboratory scale.

Photoredox chemistry
In the early 20th century, chemists observed that various aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen could absorb wavelength specific light to generate a peroxide species. This discovery of oxygen's reduction by a photosensitizer led to chemists studying photosensitizers as photoredox catalysts for their roles in the catalysis of pericyclic reactions and other reduction and oxidation reactions. Photosensitizers in synthetic chemistry allow for the manipulation of electronic transitions within molecules through an externally applied light source. These photosensitizers used in redox chemistry may be organic, organometallic, or nanomaterials depending on the physical and spectral properties required for the reaction.

Biological effects of photosensitizers
Photosensitizers that are readily incorporated into the external tissues can increase the rate at which reactive oxygen species are generated upon exposure to UV light (such as UV-containing sunlight). Some photosensitizing agents, such as St. John's Wort, appear to increase the incidence of inflammatory skin conditions in animals and have been observed to slightly reduce the minimum tanning dose in humans.

Some examples of photosensitizing medications (both investigatory and approved for human use) are:

 * St. John's Wort
 * 9-me-bc
 * Doxepin
 * Amoxapine
 * Ethinyl estradiol

title: Photosensitizer


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Charnel Music catalogue

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Not a lot of debate, but this is indeed why we have categories. -Splash talk 18:01, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Charnel Music catalogue
A list of records by the label Charnel Music. JoanneB 17:07, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * KeepBut tidy up and make a bit more attractive also maybe put in a little paragraph abour Charnel Music becuase if you didnt know what that was you would be a little lost there user:Redconverse
 * Delete, this is what categories are for. --fvw *  17:10, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:139.153.177.44

title: User talk:139.153.177.44


text:
Tatiana Mamonova

Tatyana Mamonova (born 10 December 1943), is a member of the modern Russian women's movement and an author, poet, journalist, videographer, artist, editor and public lecturer.

Early life
Mamonova was born in the Soviet Union, and was raised in Leningrad after World War II.

Career
Mamonova was exiled from the Soviet Union in 1980, as a prominent member of the Russian women's movement. Her organization, then called Woman and Russia, was the first NGO promoting the human rights of women from the Soviet Union and connecting Russian speaking women's voices and needs with the international community. She edited and published the samizdat Woman and Russia Almanac, now called Woman and Earth Almanac, an art and literary journal containing the first collection of Soviet feminist writings. Prior to her exile from her native St. Petersburg, Russia, she was the first woman organizer and exhibitor in the non-conformist artist movement in Russia and a literary and television journalist with Aurora Publishers (working alongside Josef Brodsky) and Leningrad Television.

In 1987 Mamonova, became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press (WIFP). WIFP is an American nonprofit publishing organization. The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women-based media.

She contributed the piece "It's time we began with ourselves" to the 1984 anthology Sisterhood Is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology, edited by Robin Morgan.

Since her exile, in addition to continuing to edit and publish her alamanc, Woman and Earth Almanac and two additional Woman and Earth publications: Succes d’estime (since 2001) and Fotoalbum: Around the World (since 2004), and to lead and expand her organization, now also called Woman and Earth Global Eco-Network, she has authored four books in the United States,

She is a former post-doctoral fellow with Harvard University's Bunting Institute, a member of Pen International, and is the Russia representative to the Sisterhood Is Global Institute.

2009 marked the 30th Jubilee of her NGO and samizdat. Celebrations were launched in December 2008 at Corinthia Nevskij Palace Hotel, St. Petersburg where she was formally honored as Woman of the Year and on March 7, 2009, at the Contemporary Art Network Gallery in mid-town Manhattan, New York which also included an exhibition of her paintings.

Books

 * Femmes et Russie Almanach, (in French) Volumes 1–3, edited by Tatiana Mamonova. Paris: Edition Des Femmes, 1980–1981.
 * Zhentschina i Rossia Almanach, (in Russian) Volume 3, edited by Mamonova. Paris: Edition Des Femmes, 1980.
 * Voix de Femmes en Russia Almanach, (in French) Volume 4, edited by Mamonova. Paris: Denoel-Gontier, 1982.
 * Woman and Russia Almanach, Volume 1, edited by Mamonova. London: Sheba Press, 1980.
 * Kvinnen og Russland Almanach, Volume 1, edited by Mamonova. Oslo: Pax Forlag, 1980.
 * Kvinnan Ryssland Almanac, Volumes 1 & 2, edited by Mamonova. Stockholm: Awe Gebers, 1980.
 * Kvindren og Rusland Almanach, Volumes 1 & 2, edited by Mamonova. Copenhagen: Informations Forlag, 1980.
 * Die Frau und Russland Almanach, Volumes 1 & 2, edited by Mamonova. Munich: Frauenoffensive, 1980.
 * Die Frau und Russland Almanach, (in German) Volume 3, edited by Mamonova. Basel, Switzerland: Mond, 1982.
 * Das Radieschen (children's book), by Mamonova. Vienna: Blagina Verlag, 1981.
 * Vrouwen in Sovjet-Rusland Anthology from Volumes 1–3, edited by Mamonova. Amsterdam: Anthos, 1981.
 * Woman and Russia Anthology from Volumes 1–3, (in Japanese), edited by Mamonova. Tokyo: Shin-Ichi Masagaki & Miiko Kataoka, 1982.
 * Feminism in Russia Almanach, (in Greek), edited by Mamonova. Athens: Images, 1982.
 * Woman and Russia Almanac (1979-1991), now called Woman and Earth Almanac (1991–present), edited by Mamonova, New York: Woman and Earth Press.
 * Women and Russia, Feminist Writings from the Soviet Union, edited by Mamonova, Boston: Beacon Press, 1984.
 * Russian Women's Studies: Essays on Sexism in Soviet Culture, by Mamonova New York: Pergamon Press and Teacher's College Press, 1989, 1990, 1991.
 * Women's Glasnost vs Naglost: Stopping Russian Backlash, by Mamonova, with Chandra Niles Folsom. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1993.
 * Succes d’estime, by Tatyana Mamonova. New York: Woman and Earth Press, 2001–present.
 * Fotoalbum: Around the World, by Mamonova. New York: Woman and Earth Press, 2004–present.

title: Tatiana Mamonova


text:
Australian Subscription Television and Radio Association

The Australian Subscription Television and Radio Association (ASTRA) is the peak industry body representing the subscription media industry in Australia. ASTRA's main activities are to represent the industry with government, regulators and the media, advocate policy reforms that promote industry growth, highlight and reward industry achievement, report television ratings and assist the industry to develop. ASTRA was formed in September 1997.

Board of directors
ASTRA is managed by a representative board of directors. The board is chaired by Tony Shepherd AO, a former president of the Business Council of Australia. Also on the ASTRA Board are Ian Davis, Patrick Delany, Jacqui Feeney, Anthony Fitzgerald, Angelos Frangoupoulos, Richard Freudenstein, Lynette Ireland, Bruce Meagher, Mandy Pattinson, Jon Penn, Ben Richardson and Robi Stanton. ASTRA's chief executive officer, Andrew Maiden, is an ex-officio member of the board.

Members
ASTRA members are subscription-based television viewing platforms, independent content providers, technology and communications companies, and organisations from the industries that support subscription media in Australia.

Members include platforms Foxtel and more than 20 independent content providers including the major international channel groups Fox Sports, BBC Worldwide Channels, ESPN, The Walt Disney Company, Fox International Channels, Discovery Networks Asia Pacific, NBC Universal, as well a number of technology companies and service providers.

Membership is open to all organisations and individuals wishing to support the development of the Australian subscription media industry.

Policy
ASTRA was formed soon after the arrival of subscription television in Australia to politically organise the industry and give it a voice in public debates about the regulation of media.

ASTRA's stated policy priorities are to: support the development of the subscription media industry; encourage the production of local content for Australian audiences; advocate an open, competitive market that encourages investment and innovation; ensure market intervention is minimal and fair to all participants; and lobby for all media organisations to access public resources on the same terms.

The organisation's most high-profile campaign is for the reform of anti-siphoning rules, a provision of the Broadcasting Services Act which regulates the manner in which certain sports broadcast rights may be purchased. The anti-siphoning list provides free-to-air television broadcasters with the exclusive opportunity to purchase the right to broadcast more than 1000 sporting events.

ASTRA also manages codes of practice that regulate program content and classification, advertising, privacy, subscriber service obligations and complaints procedures. The ASTRA Codes do not cover issues already the subject of licence conditions for subscription television licensees, including in relation to the broadcast of political material and election advertisements, advertisements relating to medicines and tobacco products, the broadcast of events on the anti-siphoning list, captioning levels and captioning quality, and restrictions on the broadcast of content classified above MA 15+.

Investment and jobs
ASTRA conducts an annual survey of the subscription media industry's investment in local screen production, employment and contribution to gross domestic product. In 2014–15 the survey revealed that the industry invested more than $796 million in local content production, created 8370 jobs, and added $2.083 billion to GDP.

Events
Between 2002 and 2015, ASTRA managed the annual ASTRA Awards for excellence in subscription television. The awards, which were judged by members of the creative industries, were issued for ten content genres, six individuals, and two channel groups. Past hosts and presenters included Australian television personalities Guiliana Rancic, Jennifer Hawkins, Molly Meldrum, Rove McManus, Deborah Hutton, David Speers, Anthony Callea, Charlotte Dawson, Claudia Karvan, Osher Gunsberg, Alex Perry, Sarah Murdoch, Ruby Rose and Lisa Wilkinson, as well as international personalities Joe Mangoniello (from True Blood) and Kristian Alfonso (from Days Of Our Lives). In November 2015, ASTRA announced it would no longer hold the ASTRAs, folding the awards into the annual AACTA Awards.

ASTRA manages an annual conference, an annual breakfast for women in television, along with networking events for women in the industry, awards for industry excellence, a graduate program in partnership with AFTRS, and a leadership program.


text: Category:Pakistani generals

title: Category:Pakistani generals


text:
Comines, Nord

Comines (Komen) is a commune of the Nord department in northern France.

Geography
The town of Comines sits on the Franco-Belgian border and is split into two parts: Comines (France) and Comines (Belgium), part of the municipality of Comines-Warneton.

Sights
The belfry of Comines was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Belfries of Belgium and France in 2005, in recognition of its importance to the history of municipal power in Europe.

title: Comines, Nord


text:
Exodus Ministries

Exodus Ministries is a Dallas, Texas-based non-denominational Christian former prisoner rehabilitation organization, which attempts to help those who are released from prison back into society at large. The organization is not affiliated with Exodus International, a now defunct ex-gay organization.

Focus of the organization
Their primary focus, as described on the group's website, is "to assist ex-offenders and their families become productive members of society by meeting both their spiritual and physical needs." Exodus Ministries claims three primary objectives: reducing the number of ex-offenders who become homeless and unemployed, as well as the number of those who return to a life of crime and eventually end up back in prison; helping ex-offenders obtain employment and managing their finances so they can re-establish a positive, self-sufficient lifestyle; and reuniting ex-offenders with their families and teaching them the life skills necessary for daily living through counseling and training services. In at least one notable case in 1996, Exodus Ministries rendered assistance to a non-ex-offender in need.

Funding and support
Exodus Ministries is supported by local churches and non-profit foundations.

Exodus garnered some national attention in October 2005 when it was announced that United States Supreme Court nominee Harriet Miers once served on the board of the organization.

title: Exodus Ministries


text:
User:Shamblen

Eric Shamblen, author of "Spot the Alien" and "Puzzle Monster Presents: Unchained Melodies". Puzzle enthusiast who runs Puzzle Monster.

title: User:Shamblen


text: User talk:81.108.190.211

title: User talk:81.108.190.211


text:
Shimon Adaf

Shimon Adaf (שמעון אדף, born 1972) is an Israeli poet and author born in Sderot. Shimon, born to parents of Moroccan origin, now lives in Jaffa.

Biography
Shimon Adaf's first book of poetry, Icarus' Monologue, won a prize from the Israeli Ministry of Education. In 1996–2000, Adaf studied at Tel Aviv University, simultaneously writing articles on literature, film and rock music for Israeli newspapers. In 2000–2005, he worked as a prose editor for Keter Publishing House. He is currently the chair of the creative writing program at Ben Gurion University in Israel.

In 2013, he won Israel's prestigious Sapir Prize for his novel Mox Nox.

He was interviewed on the Shaping Business Minds Through Art podcast in 2020.

Awards

 * 2007 - Prime Minister's Prize for Hebrew Literary Works
 * 2010 - Yehuda Amichai Award
 * 2012 - Sapir Prize
 * 2017 - Newman Prize

Poetry

 * Icarus' Monologue, 1997
 * That Which I Thought Shadow Is the Real Body, 2002
 * Aviva-No, 2009

Prose
(All titles given in approximate English translation)

 * One Mile and Two Days Before Sunset, 2004
 * The Buried Heart, 2007
 * Sunburnt Faces, 2008
 * Frost, 2010
 * Mox Nox, 2011
 * Undercities, 2012
 * The Wedding Gifts, 2014
 * Detective's Complaint, 2015
 * Shadrach, 2017
 * Rise and Call, 2017
 * I Loved Loving, 2019

Non-Fiction

 * Art and War, 2016 (with Lavie Tidhar)
 * I am others, 2018

title: Shimon Adaf


text:
User talk:Nashferatu

Revealing personal information
In this edit you posted the real name (or what you claimed to be the real name) of a wikipedia editor who does not choose to edit under his real name, and who was neither the subject of the article nor a public figure. This violates wikipedia's normal practices,a dn i consider it highly disruptive. Do not do this or anythign like this again. A repetition will lead to your being blocked from editing wikipedia for a time. DES (talk) 22:16, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Also Please remember our civility policy when debating issues on talk pages. Thank you. DES (talk) 22:16, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

 * It is not a claimed real name, I have met the person in question on Oct 28th 2000 at . Plexus is He is a performer himself who was a personal friend of Nash's for over 20 years. During this time he would have defended Nash from exposure of his real name with the same vigour as myself. Now they are not friends he tries to out him, and in doing so he wishes to retain his anonymity - this sucks whatever way you look at it. His alias is plastered all over the web together with his real name, but because it suits him, he does not want it published on the Nash The Slash discussion page !!!. I have lost all faith in the wiki concept, and to be frank I dont give a damn whether you ban me or not. User:Nashferatu 10:59 (GMT) 10 Nov 2005

 * (copied from User Talk:DESiegel): I disagree with your comments. In the article's discussion page you say, quote, I note that if an editor was also the subject of an article, information about that editor which can be found in the public domain may be included if relevant and appropriate, and that my statemetn did not apply to editors who are the subjects of articels, within those articles - unquote. The info I included was both relevant and in the public domain, about the editor in question. This guy was a former friend who was launching a personal attack. User:Nashferatu

 * Including in an article published encylopedic facts, such as the actual name of a performer, is not an attack. The editor's motives are irrelevant. The editor was not the subject of the article, so your desire to amke him the subject of the discussion on the article talk page is also irrelevant. I am sorry that you have "lost all faith in the wiki concept", and I hope you will reconsider, but if you do continue to post here please comply with our policies, and do not 1) attempt to suppress verifiable, publicly availalbe, relevant info about the subjects of articels; and 2) do not publicise the personal info of editors who are not the subjects of articles without their consent. DES (talk) 17:13, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

I cannot see why this guys name is irrelevant - he has performed with Nash the Slash, but you say he has a right to privacy within the discussion, despite the fact that he is trying to name the articles subject. Sorry but that is pathetic, and I for one want no further part of this online sniggering and finger pointing fiasco. This is as low as paparazzi. User:Nashferatu

Image:Children-Book.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Children-Book.jpg, it has been tagged as fair use. Please add a detailed fair use rationale for each use, as described on Image description page, as well as the source of the work and copyright information. Shyam ( T / C ) 15:20, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Image:Children-Tray.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Children-Tray.jpg. It has been tagged as fair use. Please add a detailed fair use rationale for each use, as described on Image description page, as well as the source of the work and copyright information. Thank you, Shyam  ( T / C ) 15:23, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Nashcreepy4.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Nashcreepy4.gif. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 01:30, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Nashclose.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Nashclose.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 11:07, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Possibly unfree Image:Nash91.jpg
An image that you uploaded or altered, Image:Nash91.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree images because its copyright status is disputed. If the image's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the image description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Fritz S. (Talk) 15:43, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Nash9.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Nash9.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file has agreed to release it under the given license.

If you are the copyright holder for this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
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If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as non-free fair use or one of the other tags listed at File copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See File copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. You may wish to read Wikipedia's image use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Stefan2 (talk) 12:36, 18 May 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nashferatu


text:
Gorz

Gorz may refer to:
 * Gorz, Iran, a village in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran
 * Gorizia (German name Görz), a town and comune in northeastern Italy
 * André Gorz (1923 – 2007), pen name of Gérard Horst, Austrian/French philosopher
 * GorZ Queer Punk Band from Bristol

title: Gorz


text:
Plantsville, Connecticut

Plantsville is a neighborhood in the town of Southington, Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. It is centered at the merger between South Main Street (road from the Milldale section) and West Main Street (road from the Marion section). As of the 2000 Census there were 10,387 people living in the Zip Code Tabulation Area for zip code 06479, which is assigned the postal city name Plantsville. The Zip Code Tabulation Area includes the entire southwestern corner of the town of Southington, including Marion and Milldale. Beginning in 2015 Plantsville (not including Marion and Milldale) was listed as a census-designated place.

Geography
Plantsville is located in the south-central part of Southington at geographical coordinates 41° 34′ 56" North, 72° 53′ 25" West (41.5824, -72.8904). It is just south of the town center of Southington. The CDP border follows Prospect Street and Carter Lane on the north side, Old Turnpike Road on the east, Mulberry Street on the south, and Atwater Street and Interstate 84 on the west. Connecticut Route 10 (Main Street) passes through the center of Plantsville, leading north to the center of Southington and south to Cheshire.

The Quinnipiac River flows through the community, just west of Route 10.

1962 Tornado
On May 24, 1962, the neighborhood was partially flattened by a high-end F3 tornado. The tornado, which was "near-F4" intensity at the time, damaged or destroyed numerous buildings, homes, businesses, and vehicles throughout the area. Overall, the storm left one dead and 50 injured.

Demographics
At the time of the 2000 Census, there were a total of 10,387 people living within the Plantsville Zip Code Tabulation Area. The median age was 38.3. The median home value in Plantsville is $255,500.

Attractions
The Plantsville Historic District is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The district was recognized for its diversity of 19th and early 20th-century residential and industrial architecture, encompassing a century's development of the community as an industrial village. Notable buildings include the 1866 Plantsville Congregational Church, one of the state's finest examples of Gothic Revival architecture, designed by Josiah Cleveland Cady.

Education
There are three schools located in Plantsville: Plantsville School, Strong Elementary School, and John F. Kennedy Middle School.

title: Plantsville, Connecticut


text:
Talk:Functional selectivity

Untitled
"and that this characteristic will be consistent with all effector systems coupled to that receptor" Can you point to a published source for the "dogma" that this is part of the definition of agonists and antagonists? --JWSchmidt 17:13, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

=We need a Pluto Talk= Agonists, inverse agonists, antagonists, functional selectivity. There are too many variations in individual definitions of all of these. I often hear inverse agonists being described as antagonists by knowledgable people in pharmacology, because when they were educated, there was nothing other than the on / off dogma associated with the terms. The problem in clarification extends too to binding sites of receptors. There should be a difference in name between agonists which work at the same binding site of a receptor and those which do not. I hereby motion that we raise this issue, whether it be here on wikipedia or in a conference to discuss this issue so that the confusion does not continue into the future.--Carlwfbird 05:12, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

The lead is way weak
Somebody wants to understand what selectivity means in biochemistry, resorts to Wikipedia, and is treated to this introductory passage:

 * "Functional selectivity (or 'agonist trafficking', 'biased agonism', 'ligand bias', and 'differential engagement' ) is the ligand-dependent selectivity..."

Hint: circular definitions are a bad thing. I'd fix this lead myself if I weren't one of the people resorting to Wikipedia to understand what selectivity means in biochemistry.—PaulTanenbaum (talk) 20:22, 1 September 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Functional selectivity


text:
Talk:Grid (graphic design)

Feng Shui?
Why is the grid system related to feng shui?—Gniw (Wing) 16:47, 12 December 2005 (UTC).
 * There is no relationship. At all. CApitol3 20:24, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

very insightful...
It is hard to say why it has taken so many years for web developers to become interested in something that has been essential to the written medium in general since the 30s.

And it's actually pretty easy to say why it has taken so many years - designing with grids with CSS/HTML just IS a bit more difficult than using InDesign... 77.246.198.145 (talk) 20:55, 27 October 2010 (UTC) 203.177.84.145 (talk) 00:53, 10 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I think that the sentence try to say that there's no obvious single reason about it, but a lot of cooperating reasons that nobody could tell how much weight they had on that issue. I would replace that text with something like: "The web developed slowly techniques to apply print grid systems to pages and even today the process isn't automatic as much as you can achieve with softwares like InDesign for print: grids are still relatively hard to build, and it's not something given, making them an explicit choice instead of a stated foundation." --Folletto (talk) 14:38, 25 November 2010 (UTC)

Why not drop this paragraph entirely? The term "page" in context of the web is meant metaphorically for the content of a html file in a browser window, and not for a printed piece of paper of a specific size. It's not exactly apples and oranges, but IMHO the specifications for both kinds of layout are to different for a direct comparison. The only sensible way of incorporating web design into this article would be a short overview over the possibilities of a grid based layout in HTML, Flash etc, and possible restrictions - not a biased discussion of either "web designers are way behind" or "not our fault, it's the software" ... --JBirken (talk) 19:39, 7 January 2011 (UTC)

Both hands for dropping or rewriting the paragraph. It'd be better to write about grid usage in popular frameworks like Blueprint or how to use it with popular design software rather than producing badly camouflaged insults against web developers. Yes, grids are not around very long, but aren't there beautiful and well-thought layouts made without them? Of course there are. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.127.33.19 (talk) 06:48, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

Description
There is NO description of a typographic grid and how it works, which should be the essential content of this entry. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.218.233.156 (talk) 06:34, 6 October 2010 (UTC)

 * The article needs to be expanded to include grid use in developing type styles and individual graphics such as logos. I'm going to rename the article to "Grid (graphic design)" and hopefully it will invite other editors in the wikiproject graphic design or wikiproject visual arts to expand it. Oicumayberight (talk) 18:14, 1 April 2013 (UTC)

Missing subject
''Before the invention of movable type a based on optimal proportions had been used to arrange handwritten text on pages. ''

Sentence is missing a subject. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Johnbro27 (talk • contribs) 14:39, 13 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Grid (graphic design)


text:
Talk:Agonist

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 31 August 2021 and 16 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): JdanR. Peer reviewers: SamLovesScience, J dotter.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 13:38, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Functional Selectivity
How does "Functional Selectivity" broaden "the conventional definition of pharmacology"? --JWSchmidt 17:16, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

List of Agonists
can we have a nice functional list of some examples of agonists? i believe it would be helpful, while also lengthening this article. --Alveolate 04:41, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

There are simply too many to list in general. Rather than break it down here, it should be done on receptor pages. I recently updated the list of agonists and antagonists for acetylcholine receptors on the acetylcholine page.--Carlwfbird 05:14, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

We need a Pluto Talk
Agonists, inverse agonists, antagonists, functional selectivity. There are too many variations in individual definitions of all of these. I often hear inverse agonists being described as antagonists by knowledgable people in pharmacology, because when they were educated, there was nothing other than the on / off dogma associated with the terms. The problem in clarification extends too to binding sites of receptors. There should be a difference in name between agonists which work at the same binding site of a receptor and those which do not. I hereby motion that we raise this issue, whether it be here on wikipedia or in a conference to discuss this issue so that the confusion does not continue into the future.--Carlwfbird 05:14, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

"An agonist is a chemical contestant or contender."
In what sense? I know that the term does link etymologically back, but a chemical agonist is not a "contestant".

A Link to Systems
Agonists are part of stimulus-response loops. Perhaps a link in the 'See Also' section to the nervous system or similar cause and effect system would be helpful to students and researchers.

Partial agonist antagonism
Partial agonists can act as antagonists, as in the presence of agonists....as in reads like they are the same agonist=partial agonist. The point I was originally trying to make is ...in the presence of an agonist... when both agonist and partial agonist are present... 140.203.12.241 15:09, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

When both an agonist and partial agonist are present they both compete for the same binding site. A partial agonist occupied receptor would be less activated then a full agonist occupied receptor. The partial agonist is antagonising the action of the full agonist (but not completely abolishing its (full agonists) activity). 140.203.12.241 15:09, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

I'm familiar with their actions - I was trying to clean up the sentence grammatically, using "as [in the presence of a full agonist]" to mean "since [in the presence of a full agonist]" - but I can see how that could be ambiguous. I have changed it a bit more, adding some of what you wrote above (since it was a run-on sentence as previously written); I also tried to clarify why it behaved as a competitive antagonist for the less familiar reader. Let me know what you think. Best, St3vo 17:19, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

yes that spells it out perfectly.Lilypink 19:28, 22 October 2007 (UTC) Hey if you wanted you could also help edit the antagonist article also. It up for a pharmacolgy collaboration of the week this week!! see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Receptor_antagonist

Rather basic question: So are reuptake inhibitors classified as agonists, or not? I gather, not, but if so, it might be nice to make the distinction here. There's no page on "reuptake inhibitors" as a general class so don't look for an answer (or try to place an answer) there... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.68.244.245 (talk) 19:53, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

Suggested retitle - "Agonist (biochemical)"
I am proposing a review of naming of articles with the keywords "agonism" and "agonist" in order to improve accessibility via the disambiguation page and, therefore, general searches on these two words as well as more immediate subject area identification from some of the articles' names themselves.

I propose that this article be renamed, "Agonist (biochemical)".

Please see my section 1n "Talk:Agonist (disambiguation) 'Add link to article "Physiological agonism and antagonism" and review Agonism/Agonist article naming'".

Assuming there are no contrary opinions or improved suggestions within a couple of weeks, I'll go ahead and make these proposed changes.Hedles (talk) 00:39, 7 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Agonist


text: Category:History of the United States Congress


text: Category:Pakistani film directors

title: Category:Pakistani film directors


text: User talk:86.139.234.187

title: User talk:86.139.234.187


text:
History of the United States House of Representatives

The United States House of Representatives, commonly known as the lower chamber of the United States Congress, along with the United States Senate, commonly known as the upper chamber, are the two parts of the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. Like its counterpart, the House was established by the United States Constitution and convened for its first meeting on March 4, 1789, at Federal Hall in New York City. The history of this institution begins several years prior to that date, at the dawn of the American Revolutionary War.

The Continental Congresses
The First Continental Congress was a meeting of representatives of twelve of Great Britain's seventeen North American colonies, in the autumn of 1774. The Continental Congress sent a list of grievances to King George III. When the King failed to respond, and the American Revolutionary War began in April 1775, the Second Continental Congress was convened—this time with thirteen colonies in attendance. A year later, on July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress declared the thirteen colonies free and independent states, referring to them as the "united States of America." This was not a formal name, however, so "united" was not capitalized in the Declaration of Independence, "States" being capitalized only because all nouns were capitalized in English before the Industrial Revolution. The Second Continental Congress continued in office while the War for Independence continued, producing the Articles of Confederation— the country's first constitution— in 1777, which was ratified by all of the states by 1781.

Articles of Confederation and new Constitution
Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was a unicameral body in which each state was equally represented, and in which each state had a veto over most action. States could, and did, ignore what did pass. The ineffectiveness of the federal government under the Articles led Congress to summon the Convention of 1787.

One of the most divisive issues facing the Convention was the structure of Congress. James Madison's Virginia Plan called for a bicameral Congress; the lower house would be elected directly by the people, and the upper house would be elected by the lower house. The plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, which called for a unicameral Congress with equal representation for the states. Eventually, a compromise, known as the Connecticut Compromise or the Great Compromise was reached; one house of Congress (the House of Representatives) would provide proportional representation, whereas the other (the Senate) would provide equal representation. The Constitution was ratified by the end of 1788, and its full implementation was set for March 4, 1789.

18th century
The House of Representatives began work on April 1, 1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time, with 59 members elected from 11 states. In 1790, North Carolina and Rhode Island elected representatives (see: 1788 and 1789 United States House of Representatives elections), bringing the total count of representatives to 65.

In the 1st United States Congress, Frederick Muhlenberg, a Pennsylvania Lutheran minister and politician, was the first Speaker of the House.

19th century
The early 19th century was marked by the assertion of Congress' gradual independence from the Presidency starting from the presidency of James Madison and onward. The House became the preeminent institution in Congress, originally overshadowing the Senate. For most of the first half of the 19th century, a balance between the free North and the slaveholding South existed in the Senate, as the numbers of free and slave states were equal. However, since the North was much more populous than the South, it dominated the House of Representatives. In 1825, new Speaker of the House Henry Clay also officially announced that he and his followers would separate from Andrew Jackson and form the National Republican Party. Clay lost to Jackson in the 1832 presidential election and moved to the Senate.

During the Civil War, the key policy-maker in Congress was Thaddeus Stevens, as chairman of the Ways and Means Committee and as Republican floor leader. He took charge of major legislation that funded the war effort and revolutionized the nation's economic policies regarding tariffs, bonds, income and excise taxes, national banks, suppression of money issued by state banks, greenback currency, and western railroad land grants.

Stevens was also one of the major policymakers regarding Reconstruction, and obtained a House vote of impeachment against President Andrew Johnson (who was acquitted by the Senate in 1868). Hans Trefousse, his leading biographer, concludes that Stevens "was one of the most influential representatives ever to serve in Congress. [He dominated] the House with his wit, knowledge of parliamentary law, and sheer willpower, even though he was often unable to prevail." Historiographical views of Stevens have dramatically shifted over the years, from the early 20th-century view of Stevens and the Radical Republicans as tools of big business and motivated by hatred of the white South, to the perspective of the neoabolitionists of the 1950s and afterwards, who applauded their efforts to give equal rights to the freed slaves.

The Democrats were a weak minority from 1861 to 1874, then made a major comeback in 1874 by winning 93 seats held by the GOP and becoming the majority. The Gilded Age was marked by close balances in the House, with the parties alternating control.

Between 1860 and 1920 the average tenure of House members doubled from four to eight years. This number reflects the growth of "congressional careerism." The House began to develop a more stable culture, sessions of the House became longer, and members of the House began to specialize in specific areas of policy. Power was decentralized from the Speaker of the House, and seniority nearly assured advancement within the House. The increasing importance of the federal government, an increasing acceptance of lengthy congressional service, and (after 1896) a decline in the partisan competitiveness of congressional districts all contributed to the growing length of the average term of House members.

20th and 21st-centuries
The early 20th century witnessed the rise of party leadership in both houses of Congress. In the House of Representatives, the office of Speaker became extremely powerful, reaching its zenith under the Republican Joseph Gurney Cannon. In particular, committee chairmen remained particularly strong in both houses until the rules reforms of the 1970s.

On November 7, 1916, Jeannette Rankin was elected to Montana's at-large seat in the House of Representatives, becoming the first female member of Congress. In 1973 Speaker of the House Carl Albert appointed Felda Looper as the first female page in the House of Representatives.

After the beginning of the Great Depression and the New Deal, the Democrats controlled the House from 1931 to 1994, with two exceptions (1946 and 1952), as the New Deal Coalition was successful. In terms of legislation, however, the Conservative coalition usually blocked liberal legislative proposals, except in 1964–65 when President Lyndon Johnson had the majorities to pass his Great Society proposals. The most important leader was long-time Democratic Speaker Sam Rayburn. The Republicans under Newt Gingrich returned to a majority in the election of 1994, as part of the Republican Revolution that gave the party both houses and a majority of governorships that year.

The Democrats gained 30 seats in the 2006 elections, regaining control and electing Nancy Pelosi as the first female Speaker. They strengthened their control during the 2008 elections, gaining an additional 21 seats. However, the Republicans soon erased those gains after gaining 63 seats in the 2010 elections, the largest seat change for any election since 1948. Republican control of the house remained until the 2018 elections.

Number of Representatives
Congress has the power to regulate the size of the House of Representatives, and the size of the House has varied through the years in response to the admission of new states, reapportionment following a census, and the Civil War.

In 1911, Congress passed the Apportionment Act of 1911, also known as 'Public Law 62-5', which capped the size of the United States House of Representatives at 435 seats. Arizona, New Mexico, Alaska, and Hawaii were each granted one representative when they first entered the union. During the next reapportionment, the size of the House was again limited to 435 seats, with the seats divided among the states by population, with each state getting at least one seat.

By the 2000s, the U.S. population had more than tripled since the 1911 expansion of the House to its current 435 seats; accordingly, proposals began to be made by commentators such as George F. Will, Robert Novak, and Paul Jacob to further increase the size of the House. One such proposal, the Wyoming Rule, calls for adding enough members to Congress to reduce the population of the average Congressional district to the population of the least populous state's smallest district; in 1990, this would have resulted in a total House size of 547.


text:
Talk:Alectrosaurus

Note: taxobox entries currently provisional and experimental => I wish to find a way to include a section for age and locality (or more appropriate titles for such) do not delete.

Bolesey 17:16, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

I removed the stage (Campanian) from the taxobox because it is not known for sure. Sheep81 04:48, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

Dinosaur status
DinoData lists it as not a dinosaur. User:Jntg4
 * You'll notice DinoData has several listings for alectrosaurus, which correspond to different animals that have been given that name or referred to that genus. A few are not dinosaurs, the original is.Dinoguy2 16:17, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alectrosaurus


text:
Portal:New York City/Other projects

Wikimedia Projects: Other Wikis:
 * Wikimedia Commons' New York City category
 * Wikimedia Commons' New York City article
 * Wikiquote's New York City article
 * Wikinews' New York City category
 * Wikibooks' New York Travel Guide (stub only)
 * New York Wiki

title: Portal:New York City/Other projects


text:
Talk:History of the United States House of Representatives

Rjensen
I see that Rjensen is continuing to revert to include his pet scheme of American history in this article. For more on this, including Rjensen's insistence, when convenient, that the Party Systems are only appropriate for Presidential elections (why, then, mention them in this article?), follow  this link. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 19:00, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

Table showing partisan distribution 1789-present
Readers with questions such as: What was the largest Democratic majority ever in the House? Or: When was the first Republican elected to the House and how many other Republicans served with him? might expect to find a table in this article showing not only the biennial election results, but also the results of replacement elections along the way.--Bhuck (talk) 12:45, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121101145605/http://uspolitics.about.com/od/usgovernment/l/bl_party_division_2.htm to http://uspolitics.about.com/od/usgovernment/l/bl_party_division_2.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101103090319/http://womenincongress.house.gov/member-profiles/profile.html?intID=202 to http://womenincongress.house.gov/member-profiles/profile.html?intID=202

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text:
User talk:Vizcarra/September 1-15

Extending a hand
Vizcarra, from your old page listing my comments as being part of a cabal with other users, plus your recent comments in Talk:Zionism (intervening against me when every other editor mentioned the other user in the dispute as acting belligerently), I gather that you feel I am somehow acting unfairly or otherwise against you (as you said: "Also, it seems that the "regulars" who agree on a determined number of POV seem to stick together anyway, so I'm doing it to balance the discussion."). I really would like to resolve this, because I don't think this sort of antagonism is productive. My interest in Jewish topics (which is only a section of my interests) are certainly shared with other editors, but I am not part of any coordinated effort to push a POV, and I am in no way related to the other editors. My only disagreement with you that I know of was on the issue of Passion Plays in the anti-Semitism article. I thought you were wrong, and I tried to prove it with my sources, but was unable to convince you of my point. I have had no other interaction with you than that, and I am not sure why it seemed so antagonistic to you. If I in any way insulted you in that exchange, I apologize, but I would appreciate it if we could bury the hachet here and move forward. We are likely to continue to disagree, but I would prefer it to be productive and not destructive. Work for you? Goodoldpolonius2 23:49, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I guess your reply makes your position clear. Ah, well. --Goodoldpolonius2 00:45, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Vizcarra, I still don't agree with your points, but our back-and-forth is not terribly productive, though, if you'd like, we can continue the debate started on my Talk page and I can reply in detail to all of your points. Failing that, I am not sure how to start over with you however, since I don't think I am incorrect about my interpretation of events and facts, and I know you also think you are in the right, even if I disagree. Can we indeed bury the hatchet on the discussions to date, and try to work together more harmoniously in the future? --Goodoldpolonius2 23:22, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Vizcarra, fair enough on your points on my page, lets move forward. My request is that you similarly assume good faith from me.  --Goodoldpolonius2 00:26, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Barnstar
I,  V.   Molotov    , hereby give you this barnstar for excellent work on the Spanish Profanity  article.

Take care,  V.   Molotov     14:45, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for your kind words, things like this give me the will to keep trying to make WP better. --Sebastian Kessel Talk 17:12, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

200.45.178.153
I guess we're tag teaming him with the test. :) (See talk page) :)

--Sebastian Kessel Talk 20:11, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I didn't want to rv him/her, since the article actually reads better now. :)
 * --Sebastian Kessel Talk 20:18, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vizcarra/September 1-15


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Gerry Malone

Peter Gerald "Gerry" Malone (born 21 July 1950) is a British Conservative Party politician who served as a member of Parliament (MP) from 1983 to 1987 and again from 1992 to 1997.

Early life
Born in Glasgow, Malone was educated at St Aloysius' College, Glasgow, and attended the University of Glasgow.

Glasgow candidacies
He was the Conservative candidate at the February 1974 general election for Glasgow Provan, where he was defeated by Labour's Hugh Brown. He made other unsuccessful attempts to be elected to the House of Commons at Glasgow Pollok at the October 1974 general election, Roxburgh, Peebles and Selkirk at the 1979 general election, and the Glasgow Hillhead by-election in 1982 (where he lost the traditionally Conservative seat to Roy Jenkins of the Social Democratic Party).

MP for Aberdeen South
He was elected as MP for Aberdeen South at the 1983 general election, in a landslide victory for the Conservative Party, but lost the seat to Frank Doran of Labour at the 1987 general election. During this time he served as an assistant Government whip, from 10 February 1986 to 15 June 1987.

MP for Winchester
He re-entered Parliament in 1992, representing the "safe" Conservative seat of Winchester.

In May 1992 Malone became a deputy chairman of the Conservative Party, joining incumbent Dame Angela Rumbold in the post. He left the post in July 1994 and was succeeded by Rumbold, Michael Dobbs and John Maples.

He was appointed a minister of state at the Department of Health in 1994, when Virginia Bottomley was the secretary of state.

1997 contested seat of Winchester
Malone unexpectedly lost his Winchester seat at the 1997 general election by two votes, to the Liberal Democrat candidate Mark Oaten. Malone challenged the result in the high court, and it was declared void, causing a by-election. Malone trailed Oaten by 21,566 votes in the resulting by-election.

Commercial chairmanships
Malone was chairman of Regent-GM, a supplier of generic drugs to the National Health Service (NHS) and a subsidiary of Nadhmi Auchi's General Mediterranean Holding. The company was wound up in 2004 after being accused of colluding with five other pharmaceuticals companies to overcharge the NHS for drugs.

Malone served until September 2014 as a non-executive chairman of Ultrasis, which specialises in computerised cognitive behavioural therapy software.

He is currently chairman of a range of US mutual funds and serves on the board of the Washington-based Mutual Funds Directors Forum (MFDF); Malone is a director of two US healthcare companies, Bionik Labs and Medality Medical.

Writer and broadcaster
Malone was Scottish editor of The Sunday Times from 1987 to 1990 and a broadcaster on BBC Radio Scotland and Radio Clyde from 1987 to 1992. He is currently opera critic of Reaction.life, an online news, commentary and arts publication.

title: Gerry Malone


text:
Talk:Proconsul major

Size
If the animal is estimated at 50kg, then it most certainly was not "roughly the size of a gorilla"... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.187.251.185 (talk) 04:57, 23 March 2010 (UTC)

Proposing merge of Proconsul major and Ugandapithecus major

 * Merge - Either Ugandapithecus major is the junior synonym of Proconsul major, or Ugandapithecus major is the new name for Proconsul major. Either way, they are the same species, and should only have one article. - [Proposed by NessieVL on 12 February 2019]
 * Merge both into Proconsul with a discussion of the various taxonomic suggestions that have been made. -- Kev min  § 17:31, 31 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Proconsul major


text:
BDM

BDM may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Berkeley Dance Marathon, an annual benefit for the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation hosted at University of California, Berkeley
 * Big Damn Movie, referring to the movie Serenity by Joss Whedon
 * Black Desert Mobile

Music

 * The Black Dahlia Murder (band), an American extreme metal band from Michigan
 * Brutal death metal, a subgenre of death metal music
 * Blackened death metal, a subgenre of black metal music

Government and politics

 * Civil registration of births, deaths and marriages in the UK and many Commonwealth countries, with records usually held by the General Register Office
 * Bund Deutscher Mädel (League of German Girls), a girls' organisation in Nazi Germany

Business

 * Braddock Dunn & McDonald, a longtime defense contractor of 7000 employees purchased by TRW Inc in the mid-1990s
 * Business decision mapping, a technique for making decisions of the kind that often need to be made in business
 * Business development manager, a job-title for commercial employees that aim to increase company size, revenue, and profits by leveraging business intelligence, technology, partnerships, sales, and marketing.
 * BDM (aircraft constructor), a French aircraft constructor/designer; see List of aircraft (B–Be)

People

 * Brian David-Marshall, a writer about Magic: The Gathering
 * Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, noted political scientist at New York University

Science, medicine and technology

 * Background debug mode interface, a programming interface to embedded systems microcontrollers like JTAG
 * 2,3-Butanedione monoxime, an organic compound also known as diacetyl monoxime
 * Browning BDM, the "Browning Dual Mode" automatic pistol made by Browning
 * M141 Bunker Defeat Munition, a modern weapon
 * Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller model, a model of evolutionary speciation
 * Becker-DeGroot-Marschak method, a method of measuring willingness-to-pay in experimental economics
 * Biodiversity Monitoring Switzerland

Transport

 * Bedford railway station, Bedfordshire, England, National Rail station code BDM

title: BDM


text:
Yakir Ben Moshe

Yakir Ben Moshe (יקיר בן-משה; Born 1973) is an Israeli poet and, since 2000, editor of Beit Bialik, Tel Aviv. His first book, Every Morning at Least One Blond Guy Becomes Bald, was published in 2003 and won the Culture Minister's prize the same year.

title: Yakir Ben Moshe