text:
Talk:Chaoshou

Sources to support main entry?
Are there any sources to support the main entry (cookbooks, recipes, links to discussion on some Asian cooking site, etc.)? Net searches seem to turn up only the Mary Chung version of this dish, and not the one that is given as the main definition. If both versions do exist, it would be nice to have some explanation like whether they are from different regions of China, whether there are other differences, etc.

 * I have had the "real" thing, so I can vouch that it does exist. In fact, the restaurant across the street from Mary's, Pu Pu Hot Pot, has an authentic version. Rlove 23:31, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Peanut version "authentic"?
What makes the peanut version "authentic"? I've been eating both of these regularly for over 26 years.

From China?
There aren't many more than 100 Google hits for this, using the Chinese characters. This isn't a real traditional Chinese dish, correct? Badagnani 23:55, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

From China? Ask a chef...
Insofar as chaoshou are "real" Chinese dumplings (dialect) and hot&sour is a "traditional" Chinese way of preparing some types of foods, I think the answer would be "yes". But if you really want to know, ask the chef at the Hotel Kunlun, in Chongqing. "In addition to preparing authentic chaoshou, chef Deng Wandi can also discuss its origins and the unique features of this dish."

http://www.btmbeijing.com/contents/en/btm/2005-08/diningguide/tastechongqing

[N.B. Beijing This Month magazine deleted the entire August 2005 issue; website now skips from Jul-Sep. Plug the quote in to Google and use cache to read the article. Suanla 21:27, 15 November 2007 (UTC) ] I can't read Chinese, but the characters for "suan la" match "hot&sour" from a local menu. Perhaps "chaoshou" was translated literally instead of writing "hundun" or "wonton" or whatever, and that's caused your low hit-count? Suanla 22:49, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

Crossed hands?
This would be very odd. InfernoXV 19:29, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Whoever put in the Chinese characters used the character for the word "hand" as the final one, so that matches (enter "hand" at www.zhongwen.com to see the character). I can't match the 3rd character with "cross", or "fold". But then again I'm illiterate. Could you say more specifically what you mean by "would be very odd"? Such a name for a dish seems no less unusual than, say, "Ants Climbing a Tree"... Suanla 09:29, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * The third character means to fry. I've never seen it meaning 'cross' or 'fold'. InfernoXV 16:48, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Now that actually kind of seems odd, because nothing in the dish is fried! Because of this anomaly, plus the fact that the final character does seem to translate to "hand", plus the desire for *some* independent, published confirmation of where this random word came from, I undid your most recent deletion of "nonsense".  Although "River Town" was published as non-fiction, I'm not sure it rises to the level of a citation -- but to delete it, rather than inserting text casting some sort of reasoned aspersions on its authenticity, seems like a mistake.  If it's "true folklore", then it's useful.  If it's false folklore -- despite being published -- then it would be nice to have a Chinese chef to discount it and explain the word's origin and why the Szechuanese don't just use "hundun" or "wonton" in this dish, as they do for others. Suanla 08:41, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Indeed, but 'chaoshou' is just the common name for it almost everywhere else outside of Canton. I apologise for having been heavy-handed, but 'chaoshou' simply cannot translate as 'crossed hands'. InfernoXV 17:44, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

 * OK, toward that end perhaps we could "dis-authenticate" the word "hand". I only know how to lookup in the "forward" direction; maybe that 4th character back-translates to something(s) more appropriate after the word "fry"?  (Of course this relies on the characters being correct.) Suanla 21:23, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Whoops. I checked the dictionary, and chaoshou seems to be only used when referring to wontons in a sichuan context. It's probably a location-specific name, and when prepared in sichuan style, even outside of sichuan, the wontons retain the sichuan name.

 * On the other hand, things get murkier upon checking chinese wiki and baidu. *I* remember the word being written as 炒手, but chinese wiki lists it as 抄手. 抄 means to copy, duplicate or even plagiarise. google reveals both being used on the net for the food item. 酸辣炒手 gives 223,000 hits, while 酸辣抄手 gives 75,000. 炒手 gives 2,950,000 hits (not all relevant, as it 炒手 can mean several things), yet 抄手 gives 367,000 which are nearly all about some form or other of the wontons. It thus seems that both 炒手 and 抄手 are in use. Perhaps 抄手 is a Sichuan dialect form? My head is starting to hurt. I think I shall have a dish of them tonight, whatever they're called! InfernoXV 05:28, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Found a citation! It uses the characters you mention 抄手, and even has a literalization as "folded hands".  ("The Eater's Guide to Chinese Characters"; James D. McCawley; University of Chicago Press, 1984; p.118 & p.220).  So I'll make a big edit, including substituting "Szechuan-style" as the adjective over your original edit "Large" wontons -- because that's the essence of what you said above.  But before I go off the deep end, could you teach me the reason for editing the pinyin from 4 words into 2?  (I.e: Revision as of 19:24, 16 October 2007 (edit) InfernoXV (moved Suan La Chow Show to Suanla chaoshou: proper pinyin) Suanla (talk) 21:37, 12 January 2008 (UTC)

 * It's gotten murkier still. A native of Sichuan assures me that it's called 'chaoshou' because it'd be 'shouchao' in standard Chinese, meaning hand-folded, but apparently it's common in Sichuan dialect to reverse word order, giving 'chaoshou'. I'd ask to keep 'large', because the wontons made in Sichuan are larger than those in the rest of the country. Pinyin follows certain rules about the division of syllables - usually words that are of the same grammatical unit, such as 'suanla' meaning 'sour-spicy', will be written together, hence 'China Development Bank' is not 'Zhong Guo Kai Fa Yin Hang' but 'Zhongguo Kaifa Yinhang'. The correct division depends on some knowledge of Chinese, alas. InfernoXV (talk) 13:37, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

 * (1) Then both explanations (hand-folded and crossed-points) should go into the entry until one of them is somehow proven apocryphal. (2) Can I convince you that "Large" is just one attribute of the multi-attribute "Szechuan-style"? Yes, large is concretely descriptive, and Szechaun-style could mean many things.  But in fact it does: what makes these dumplings (and the words!) unique is the very thing we've been talking about: their Szechuan origins.  (3) I'll just leave the pinyin alone.  But your pinyin example didn't help me, because the English result of China Dev. Bank is also 3 words (3 concepts, regardless of language).  My references (one menu, one "dictionary") both separated out the 4 words.  But the menu might be intentionally made for kindergarten pronunciation, and the dictionary might intentionally be trying to chop words so each character is understood.  Alas, I have seen both "suan la tang" and "suanla tang" written.  Doesn't it hinge on whether (to a Chinese chef) sour-hot is a single well-known spice style, or whether making something sour, and then making it hot, are recognized separately? Suanla (talk) 03:46, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Is it possible that both suspected characters for chao1 are incorrect? According to the online Chinese dictionary at MandarinTools.com, chao1 can also resolve to the 超 character, whose meanings include "to cross".  See: http://www.mandarintools.com/cgi-bin/wordlook.pl?word=chao1&searchtype=pinyin&where=whole  This would result in a plausible reading of chao1shou3 as "crossed hands".  I warn that I speak no Chinese, but I do eat a lot of suanla chaoshou, thanks to Mary Chung. Krog (talk) 17:41, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

Pictures added
I uploaded some (low-styling) pictures. The Mary Chung's version is the one shown on the page, just because the wontons are visible instead of all the coverings in the PuPu Hot Pot version. However, if someone knows how to get multiple pictures into the pre-programmed frame, be my guest: in addition to Image:SuanMary.JPG, I uploaded Image:SuanPuPu.JPG Suanla (talk) 00:01, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

Pronunciation
It would be great to know how this would be pronounced in Sichuan dialect. . . —Preceding unsigned comment added by 达伟 (talk • contribs) 18:13, 9 January 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chaoshou


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Xia Meng

Xia Meng (16 February 1933 – 30 October 2016), a.k.a. Hsia Moon and Miranda Yang, born Yang Meng, was an actress and film producer from Hong Kong. She appeared in Hong Kong films in the 1950s and 1960s, and was involved in the region's left-wing film scene. In the 1980s, Xia Meng worked as a film producer and was involved in the Hong King New Wave.

Early life and education
Xia Meng was born Yang Meng on 16 February, 1933 in Shanghai.

She was first exposed to drama at McTyeire School, an elite girls' school established by Methodist missionaries in Shanghai. In 1947, she moved with her family to Hong Kong, where she attended Maryknoll Convent School. In 1949, In conjunction with an event at her school, She was chosen to play the leading role in McTyeire School's English-language production of Saint Joan.

Xia Meng's younger sister, Yang Jie, played on the China women's national basketball team from 1954 to 1957.

Film career
In 1950, Yang Meng (birthname) and her friends visited a film set of the Great Wall Movie Enterprises Ltd. This was where she was first spotted by the crews, as well as studio manager Yuan Yang'an. Through the help of Yuan's daughter, Mao Mei (an actress and ballerina), Yang Meng accepted his invitation and joined the studio at the age of 17. Inspired by Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, the new actress decided to rename herself Xia Meng (literally "summer dream").

The Great Wall Crown Princess
She was given her first role as the title character in Li Pingqian's A Night-Time Wife (1951). The comedy was a hit and rocketed Hsia Moon to stardom. Many other roles followed, including a tragic demimondaine of Cao Yu's Sunrise and the virtuous widow of A Widow's Tears, both in 1956. She portrayed the scapegoat of the feudal moral value in the critically acclaimed film The Eternal Love (1960), the deprived bourgeoisie in HKFA Archival Gem's Romance of The Boudoir (1960), and played a man masquerading as a woman in The Bride Hunter (1960).

Xia Meng was one of the few Hong Kong movie stars whose films were released in the People's Republic of China before the Cultural Revolution. Xinhua News has compared her to Audrey Hepburn.

Cultural Revolution
In the summer of 1967, Xia Meng visited Guangzhou and witnessed the beginning of the Cultural Revolution. Hong Kong cinema was soon influenced by the Chinese Communist Party, and Great Wall’s movies no longer had the same cachet as before. Xia Meng, who was pregnant at the time, excused herself from involvement in the political movement. She resigned from the studio in September of 1967, shortly after appearing in Oh, The Spring Is Here (1967), and quietly left for Canada before the film was released.

Return as movie producer
After the end of the Cultural Revolution, Xia Meng was invited by Liao Chengzhi, then vice chairman of the National People's Congress (NPC), to attend the 4th National Congress of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles(CFLAC) held in Beijing from 30 October—16 November 1979. This is considered to be her first public appearance after her final screen performance in 1967. Under the encouragement of Liao, she decided returned to the movie industry as a producer after an absence of ten years.

In 1980, Xia Meng formed Bluebird Movie Enterprises Ltd, and produced the debut film Boat People (Ann Hui, 1982), a movie and landmark feature for Hong Kong New Wave, which won several awards including the best picture and best director in the second Hong Kong Film Award. After producing Young Heroes (Mou Dunfei, 1983) and Homecoming (Yim Ho, 1984), Xia Meng sold her film company to Jiang Zuyi. She had no involvement in film production after that.

Awards
Xia Meng's performance in Peerless Beauty (1953) and A Widow's Tears (1956) won her the Greatest Individual Achievement Award given by the Cultural Ministry of the People's Republic of China. In 1995, Xia Meng was honored the Chinese Film Stars Special Award, in conjunction with 90 anniversary of Chinese Cinema.

Political activities
She was also involved in political activities, being selected as a committee member of the Chinese National Cultural Alliance and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Legacy
For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Xia Meng has a star with a hand print and autograph by the name of Miranda Yang on the Avenue of Stars in Tsim Sha Tsui Promenade, Hong Kong.

In August 2005, Meng was one of 128 movie stars recognized by China in a commemorative stamp collection marking 100 years of Chinese language cinema.

Print Pictorials and interviews

 * Law Kar, Hsia Moon: episodes of a summer dream (Hong Kong 1995); ISBN 962-357-773-7
 * Zhu Shunci et al., An age of idealism: Great Wall & Feng Huang days, (Hong Kong Film Archive 2001); ISBN 962-8050-14-1
 * Liu Shu, The Peerless Xia Meng, China Film Press, Beijing, 2007; ISBN 7-106-02637-9

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Xia Meng


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Michael Dylan Brennan

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was SPEEDY DELETED. There was no assertion of notability, and the blog itself is not inherently notable, particularly without claiming to be. -Splash talk 03:20, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Michael Dylan Brennan
Someone with a blog and some opinions. Impact seems minimal. Joyous (talk) 02:51, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, perhaps speedily. No indicia of notability. Pburka 02:58, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Troy Cooley

Troy James Cooley (born 9 December 1965) is a former first-class cricketer who played for Tasmania, and was bowling coach for the England cricket team for several years before returning to Australia in 2006.

Career
Born in Launceston, Tasmania, Cooley played 33 first-class games and three one-day games for the Australian state. With the bat he scored 291 runs in first-class cricket at an average of 9.38 with a top score of 32 not out. In one-day domestic cricket with the bat he never had to bat in his 3 matches that he played. With the ball in first-class cricket he took 54 wickets at 61.35 with a best of 4/41 and in one-day domestic cricket with the ball he took 4 wickets at an average of 21.25 with a best of 2/16.

Coaching
He took up coaching for the Tasmanian Tigers as at one time or another an assistant coach to the state team, the state's junior development officer, fitness advisor, pace bowling coach and under-17 coach.

As the bowling coach for the England national team, he was considered instrumental in helping players such as Andrew Flintoff, Steve Harmison, Simon Jones, Matthew Hoggard and James Anderson amongst others improve their bowling, though the form of the latter after Cooley's intervention suggests otherwise.

Following the lack of an offer from the ECB, he left his post at the end of his contract in December 2005, and in May 2006 became the bowling coach for the Australian national team. The England Cricket Board (ECB) was criticised for letting him move as he was seen as a key figure in England's 2005 Ashes success. Following England's loss of the first test in The Ashes in Australia in 2006, former England captain Tony Greig commented that England missed Cooley. After England had lost the fourth test, Cooley commented that the English side has lost its "intensity", and was surprised at the team bringing back injured players like Ashley Giles who had little recent form.

At the end of the 2010–11 Ashes series, Cooley will become head coach of Cricket Australia's Centre of Excellence in Brisbane.

Cooley left Cricket Australia in 2021 and joined the BCCI where he is responsible for Coaching and setting up the National Pace Bowling Program.

Family
Spouse – Melissa Cooley, Children – Grace Cooley and Edward Cooley

title: Troy Cooley


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Epsilon Cassiopeiae

Epsilon Cassiopeiae or ε Cassiopeiae, officially named Segin, is a single star in the northern constellation of Cassiopeia. With an apparent visual magnitude of 3.4, this is one of the brightest stars in the constellation. The distance to this star has been determined directly using parallax measurements, yielding a value of around 460 - 430 ly from the Sun. It is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −8 km/s.

Nomenclature
ε Cassiopeiae, Latinised to Epsilon Cassiopeiae, is the star's Bayer catalog designation.

The star bore the traditional name Segin, which probably originates from an erroneous transcription of Seginus, the traditional name for Gamma Boötis, which itself is of uncertain origin. Different sources report varying pronunciations, with SEG-in the most common but the variants SAY-gin and seg-EEN also appearing. In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Segin for this star on 5 September 2017 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.

While some published reports incorrectly claim that this star was designated by NASA as Navi ('Ivan', backwards), in honor of astronaut Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom, one of the three astronauts who died in the Apollo 1 accident, the actual star so designated is Gamma Cassiopeiae in the center of the constellation.

In Chinese, 閣道 (Gé Dào), meaning Flying Corridor, refers to an asterism consisting of Epsilon Cassiopeiae, Iota Cassiopeiae, Delta Cassiopeiae, Theta Cassiopeiae, Nu Cassiopeiae and Omicron Cassiopeiae. Consequently, the Chinese name for Epsilon Cassiopeiae itself is 閣道二 (Gé Dào èr, the Second Star of Flying Corridor.)

Properties
Epsilon Cassiopeiae has a stellar classification of B3 V, indicating that it is a main sequence star fusing hydrogen in its core. Cote et al. (2003) indicate that it displays the spectral properties of a Be star, even though it is not categorized as such. The presence of emission lines in the spectrum indicates the presence of a circumstellar shell of gas that has been thrown off by the star. Epsilon Cassiopeiae has nine times the mass and six times the radius of the Sun. It is radiating 3,000 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 15174 K, giving it the blue-white hue of a B-type star.

Observation during the Hipparcos mission suggest that the star may undergo weak periodic variability. The amplitude of this variation is 0.0025 in magnitude with a frequency of 11.17797 times per day, or one cycle every 2.15 hours. The signal-to-noise ratio for this measured variation is 4.978. Hipparcos measurements of the space velocity components for this star suggest that it is a member of the Cas-Tau group of co-moving stars, with a 93% likelihood. This group may be kinematically associated with the alpha Persei Cluster, indicating that the Cas-Tau group, including Epsilon Cassiopeiae, may have been separated from the cluster through tidal interactions.

title: Epsilon Cassiopeiae


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Lake Forest High School (Delaware)

Lake Forest High School is a public high school in an unincorporated area of Kent County with a Felton postal address. It is a part of the Lake Forest School District.

The school services Bowers, Felton, Harrington, Viola, most of Riverview, most of Frederica, and some of Woodside East.

It is a small Division II Henlopen Conference School.

Notable alumni

 * Kenny Bailey, football player

title: Lake Forest High School (Delaware)


text:
Talk:Gil Amelio

Respectable cash flow?
Despite the criticisms, Amelio was responsible for putting Apple back into having a respectable cash flow

Bah. Gil's entire contribution to the cause was to issue a huge number of fairly high-interest bonds, thereby placing Apple in debt. It hobbled the company in a time of decreased sales, and surely would have killed it had Jobs not came back. It took a couple of years, but Gil's debt-vehicles were finally killed off in circa-03.

Gil didn't have one single good idea. No, really. I defy anyone to name a single effort that he started that had any hope of turning things around. He happily accepted all the BS that came out of engineering about Copland, and completely ignored the utter chaos that was the engineering departments. It wasn't until he brought in Ellen that anything changed. Jobs might have thought she was a bozo, but she did more for that company than Gil ever did.

Maury 02:53, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

NeXT
Amelio later admitted he overpaid for NeXT.

While Amelio may have felt that $400mil was too much, there are many who wouldn't think so at all, looking at Apple's state of affairs now. Getting NeXTStep and Steve Jobs to come and turn around Apple was worth far more than $400mil to the company. I changed this to reflect that Gil's idea that he overpaid was Gil's idea, not fact. Lostchicken 07:52, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree - it was money very well spent indeed. Without it, Apple would not exist today, but of course we can only see that with the benefit of hindsight. Graham 22:57, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

 * It wasn't just Gil's opinion that Apple overpaid. That was the universal opinion at the time. The purchase at that price for an unfinished product simply flabbergasted everyone at Apple. Furthermore, it did not bring "Steve Jobs to come and turn around Apple."  It only brought him in as an adviser who reported directly to Amelio. Don't forget that Jobs' loyalty was very much in question since once the Next deal was done, his first response was to sell all of his Apple stock except for one share.

 * I totally disagree with the opinion that "without Next, Apple would not exist today, but of course we can only see that with the benefit of hindsight." Years of internal work had to be done to make that OS viable.  Arguably, a completely new OS could have been developed for those man hours.TL36 (talk) 20:19, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

Where is he now?
Can someone contribute info about where he is now?

There is info about his educational background here: http://www.nndb.com/people/138/000026060/

According to http://www.answers.com/topic/gil-amelio "After leaving Apple, Amelio embarked on a second career as a venture capitalist."

His resignation letter when leaving Apple is here: http://www.resignation.com/8.html

 Chadlupkes 21:08, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

if he is conservative enough to become an advisor to Vanguard PAC, he must have stuck out like a sore thumb at Apple. I would speculate that part of his conflict at Apple would have been related to this kind of culture clash.

Middle initial?
What's his middle initial? The article shows F, but this article shows A. --Saforrest 17:29, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

price of NeXT
", Amelio started discussions with Steve Jobs' NeXT, and bought the company on February 4, 1997 for $429 million." the article on Steve_Jobs says the price was $402 million which is right?

"and has since been granted SEC approval"
What does this phrase mean? Approval for what?

Some context: "Acquicor completed the acquisition of Jazz Semiconductor in Newport Beach, CA in early 2007 and has since been granted SEC approval."

This can't be approval to acquire, if the acquisition is already complete. It can't be approval for an IPO; Acquicor already IPOed in 2006. See Acquicor Technology.

So... huh? -- TJRC (talk) 20:31, 16 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Removed that sentence since it made no sense out of context. It was an unusual deal involving a special-purpose acquisition company which is now (finally, five years later!) described in the article on Jazz Semiconductor. Acquicor was a shell corporation with no product nor revenues, just three rich celebrities. W Nowicki (talk) 21:28, 25 October 2013 (UTC)

Links?
The links for citation #1 are incorrect. one is a link to a political video, the other is to a related page on amelio that does not contain the information it is "supposed" to. 67.70.94.222 (talk) 12:07, 31 January 2008 (UTC) drw

This seems to be no rumor spread by Jobs to bring Amelio into disrepute. He just seems to have freely summarized what Fortune Magazine reports:

 * Amelio told us: "Apple is a boat. There's a hole in the boat, and it's taking on water. But there's also a treasure on board. And the problem is, everyone on board is rowing in different directions, so the boat is just standing still. My job is to get everyone rowing in the same direction so we can save the treasure." After he turned away, I looked at the person next to me and asked, "But what about the hole?" --A Silicon Valley CEO recalling Amelio's description of his task at Apple during a cocktail party in spring, 1996.

According to SteveJobsInc the source for this is Schlender, B. (1998, November 9) The Three Faces Of Steve. Fortune Magazine. However there is no mention of it in the text.

cbsnews tells us, this quote is from Larry Ellison, an old pal of Steve Jobs...--hklinke (talk) 12:03, 20 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm adding Ellison's quote to the article, since all current sources lead directly to Steve Jobs, who can be considered a biased source in this case.--Gorpik (talk) 10:33, 23 August 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Gil Amelio


text:
Category:Politics of Latvia

This category focuses on political issues and the quest for political office in Latvia. For articles about the work of national and local governments in Latvia see category:Government of Latvia.

title: Category:Politics of Latvia


text:
User:Asad.ahmed

WHAT'S YOUR PROBLEM? DONT BS WITH OTHERS' PAGES!!

title: User:Asad.ahmed


text:
User talk:Drprocter

Welcome!
- User:Mys e kurity|Mysekurity ]] additions | e-mail ]]02:54, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Drprocter


text:
Category:Wikipedians in the West Midlands

Classification: Wikipedians | By Location | United Kingdom | England | West Midlands

Wikipedians who are in the West Midlands county. This includes the Cities of Birmingham, Wolverhampton and Coventry.

To add yourself to this list, insert the following on your user page:

Adding the following template to your user page will automatically add you to the category: user West Midlands


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Leng Jai Boyz

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 09:10, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Leng Jai Boyz
Not encyclopedic. I put a suggestion on the author's talk page to userfy this several days ago, but received no response. Delete or Userfy Pburka 02:55, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN --Rogerd 03:21, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete as vanity Qaz  ( talk ) 07:10, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable, unverifiable, unencyclopedic, etc. Gets 0 Google hits.  Note to closing admin: please remember to delete the pictures as well.  Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  11:15, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Pkirlin

Hi, all. I'm a graduate student at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, studying computer science. My research focuses on using artificial intelligence and machine learning to study various problems in music, especially those relating to music theory.

Wikipedia articles, projects, and activities I'm interested in

 * WikiProject Computer Music trying to revive this; contact me if you want to help.
 * WikiProject Baseball
 * WikiProject Washington Metro
 * making Lilypond images for music articles (ask me!)
 * WikiProject Music terminology
 * WikiProject Stations
 * WikiProject U.S. Highways
 * WikiProject U.S. Interstate Highways
 * WikiProject U.S. Roads
 * WikiProject Highways
 * Music_encyclopedia_topics

To-Do

 * write Major League Baseball realignment
 * write Seidel's algorithm
 * write Line_of_fifths
 * write A Generative Theory of Tonal Music
 * add fully-diminished 7th chord to Seventh chord
 * write OMR optical music recognition
 * fixup Category:Music technology
 * write Subset system
 * write ISMIR or International Conference on Music Information Retrieval or International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval
 * write fractional knapsack problem
 * integrate Recursive language with my articles
 * touch up baseball card and sports card merge??
 * fixup Sound font -- integrate with SoundFont
 * add to stubs in Category:Music theory stubs
 * Old Dominion Drive
 * improve Bob_Ryan_%28meteorologist%29

Helping out Wikipedia

 * Requested articles
 * Contributing to Wikipedia
 * Pages needing attention
 * Guide to writing better articles
 * How to edit a page
 * Category:Wikipedia how-to

Articles I've Started

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title: User:Pkirlin


text: Category:Churches in Spain

title: Category:Churches in Spain


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Treasures of the Savage Frontier

Treasures of the Savage Frontier (1992) is a Gold Box Dungeons & Dragons role-playing video game. It was developed by Beyond Software and published by SSI for the Amiga and DOS.

Plot overview
A few weeks after the events of Gateway to the Savage Frontier, the mage Amelior Aminitas magically summons the party (by now called the "Heroes of Ascore") to eliminate the (apparently) last remaining troops of the Zhentarim from the dwarven city of Llorkh. Afterwards, the party is given a seemingly simple mission – to protect ambassadors of the "Lord's Alliance", which holds together the different cities of the frontier. However, the ambassadors are kidnapped, the Zhentarim and its allies (the Kraken Society and the Hosttower of the Arcane) plot to break up the alliance to conquer the region, and the party is framed as traitors.

Much of the game is devoted to having the players attempt to clear their names (usually done by completing a mission in each town of the Lord's Alliance) and alert the alliance's leaders of the plot. The final mission (which does not necessarily fit in the overall plotline) involves retrieving a treasure held by a dragon.

To uncover the plot, the player has to collect two different sets of items:
 * Three different colors of crystals held by one of the three enemy groups (the Zhentarim, the Kraken, and the Hosttower). This can only be done by, in melee battles, carefully selecting and attacking different enemies in the right order.
 * "Lucky papers" from each city in the game. Nominally good luck charms, when combined with the crystals, these papers spell out the entire enemy plot.

Gameplay
Treasures of the Savage Frontier allows players to create characters of up to level 12. Depending on the player character's actions, certain non-player characters can fall in love with him. The game allows the option to increase the number of characters involved in a combat by involving allied forces.

The game's principal technical enhancement to the aging Gold Box engine is the addition of weather to wilderness play. Combat encounters in the snow restrict character movement and add variety to the game.

Development
When SSI began work on the Dark Sun game engine in 1989 after the completion of The Secret of the Silver Blades, they passed responsibility for continuing the Forgotten Realms Gold Box games to Beyond Software. SSI had planned to do only one more Gold Box game (Gateway to the Savage Frontier) before retiring the series in favor of the Dark Sun engine, but when Dark Sun was delayed and Gateway went to #1 on the charts they asked Beyond Software for a sequel.

Designers Don Daglow, Mark Buchignani, Mark Manyen, and David Bunnett recognized that the Gold Box engine was past its prime and needed some kind of story or character enhancements to feel like a new game and not a tired sequel.

Although they added many small enhancements to the game in addition to its all-new story, the largest feature was the first-ever option for either of two NPCs to fall in love with a player character. The sophisticated AI (for its time) tracked the player's actions in the game, much as the modern game Fable charts the player's actions as good or evil. If the player's actions matched the values of the NPC there was a chance they could fall in love.

Reception
SSI sold 31,995 copies of Treasures of the Savage Frontier. It was reviewed in 1992 in Dragon #184 by Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers gave the game 4 out of 5 stars. Scorpia of Computer Gaming World in 1993 stated that the game was "a yawner" and "almost indistinguishable from" other Gold Box games".

The One gave the Amiga version of Treasures of the Savage Frontier an overall score of 65%, stating that "while S.S.I.'s Eye of the Beholder series appeals to a large audience ... [Gold Box games] don't offer anything to anyone who isn't a rabid D&D aficionado. The graphics are poor verging on off-putting, with crude animation, sprites and 3D views, while the sound is probably best left unmentioned". The One acknowledges that "these aesthetic factors are secondary to good gameplay [etc]", but expresses that good graphics and sound improve a game's atmosphere, a belief they further stress by saying that "atmosphere is one of the most important aspects of a decent RPG". The One describes Treasures of the Savage Frontier as "the bastard offspring of [Eye of the Beholder and Shadow Sorcerer] as it features watered-down elements from both".

According to GameSpy, "interest in the Gold Box-style of games waned quickly after its release. For what it's worth, it was a memorable enough closing for the series, and it is remembered as one of the more polished and accomplished of the games".

title: Treasures of the Savage Frontier


text: User talk:70.21.111.145

title: User talk:70.21.111.145


text:
Incomplete comparison

An incomplete comparison is a misleading argument popular in advertising. For example, an advertiser might say "product X is better". This is an incomplete assertion, so it can not be refuted. A complete assertion, such as "product X sells for a lower price than product Y" or "the new product X lasts longer than the old product X" could be tested and possibly refuted.

In grammar, an incomplete comparison is a comparison that leaves out one of the items being compared. Unacceptable: ''Learning Chinese is more difficult. [More difficult than what?]. Acceptable: Learning Chinese is more difficult than learning Spanish.''

title: Incomplete comparison


text: Category:Prisons in Iran

title: Category:Prisons in Iran


text:
Vanessa Semrow

Vanessa Marie Semrow (born November 17, 1984) is an American model and beauty queen who won Miss Teen USA 2002.

Personal life
Semrow was born as Vanessa Marie Semrow in Rhinelander, Wisconsin. Her mother is Thai, her father American.

Pageantry
Semrow won the Miss Wisconsin Teen USA title on October 15, 2001, in a pageant paying tribute to the events of September 11 that year. In August 2002, she represented Wisconsin in the Miss Teen USA 2002 pageant.

As Miss Teen USA, Semrow represented the Miss Universe Organization and lived in a Trump apartment in New York City, the first Miss Teen USA titleholder to live there full-time. During her reign, Semrow traveled to Kuwait and Saudi Arabia on a USO tour, raised money for charities, and attended celebrity events. Her reign ended on August 13, 2003, when she crowned Tami Farrell Miss Teen USA 2003.

title: Vanessa Semrow


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Category:Prisons in Australia

Includes operational and former Australian prisons and immigration detention centres.

title: Category:Prisons in Australia


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EMPI (automotive)

EMPI is a company that produces aftermarket performance parts for various air-cooled Volkswagens. EMPI was not one of the brands that led to the demise of B. F. Meyers & Co., the company that produced the Meyers Manx (one of the first air-cooled Volkswagen based buggies). One of its products was the EMPI Imp, a modified dune buggy based on a Volkswagen Beetle.

The originally-owned company was started by Joe Vittone in the 1960s. Vittone sold EMPI to Filter Dynamics in 1972, and it closed in 1974, but EMPI still lives on today under new ownership. EMPI is an acronym for European Motor Products Incorporated.

title: EMPI (automotive)


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Santa Fe High School

Santa Fe High School may refer to:

 * Santa Fe High School (California), in Santa Fe Springs, California, U.S.
 * Santa Fe High School (Florida), in Alachua, Florida, U.S.
 * Santa Fe High School (New Mexico), in Santa Fe, New Mexico, U.S.
 * Santa Fe High School (Texas), in the Santa Fe Independent School District, Santa Fe, Texas, U.S.
 * 2018 Santa Fe High School shooting
 * Santa Fe Independent School District
 * Edmond Santa Fe High School, in Edmond, Oklahoma, U.S.

title: Santa Fe High School


text: Category:Prisons in France

title: Category:Prisons in France


text:
Birdland (band)

Birdland were an English rock band, active between 1988 and 1993. They are best known for their widely acclaimed debut single "Hollow Heart", which reached No. 1 on the UK Indie Chart.

History
Birdland were formed in 1988 in Birmingham, England by the brothers Robert (vocals) and Lee Vincent (guitar), who had previously released records and toured in the glam rock band Zodiac Motel (1984–1988). The other band members were Syd Rogers (bass) and Gene Kale (drums).

Birdland's debut single, "Hollow Heart", was released on Lazy Records. It reached No. 1 in the UK Indie Chart. The band generated a lot of attention in the British music press. The band released four further singles: "Paradise", "Sleep with Me", "Everybody Needs Somebody", and "Rock n Roll Nigger", all of which were No. 1 UK independent singles. "Sleep With Me" also reached the Top 40 in the UK Singles Chart (with the video being shown on Top of the Pops). They released their eponymously titled debut album in 1991.

After the album's release, problems with management and inner band disagreement forced the band to split up. They briefly reunited in 2011 and streamed a new demo.

Studio albums

 * 1991: Birdland - UK No. 44

Live albums

 * 1989: Semi Official Live Album

Singles

 * 1989: "Hollow Heart" - UK Singles Chart No. 70
 * 1989: "Paradise" - UK Singles Chart No. 70
 * 1989: "Live"
 * 1990: "Sleep With Me" - UK Indie Chart No. 1, UK Singles Chart No. 32
 * 1990: "Rock N Roll Nigger" - UK Singles Chart No. 47
 * 1991: "Everybody Needs Somebody" - UK Singles Chart No. 44

title: Birdland (band)


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Talk:U.S. Route 48

What?
I disagree with the conversion of this to a disambig page... --Rschen7754 (talk - contribs)  22:33, 17 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Could you spell out why, please? User:Ceyockey 14:28, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * It's inconsistent with the other U.S. Highway pages. --Rschen7754 (talk - contribs)  18:45, 23 December 2005 (UTC)`
 * What is an example it should conform to? Your comment is only helpful to someone who is familiar with that set of pages already. User:Ceyockey 19:08, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Well the main highway should be at this page. If the older routings don't fit here then they can be on another page... --Rschen7754 (talk - contribs)  19:13, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * This discussion should take place at Corridor H (Appalachian Development Highway System) then because the decision to move away from this title was taken in June 2005 and there is a statement in the article introduction that "Its US 48 designation was commissioned in 2002." Therefore, your concern appears to be one of titling the main article.  As it stands, and based on the content of the main article, it would appear that having a disambiguation page would be in order.  I've taken the liberty (or will in a few minutes) of revising the page so it more closely conforms to the present dab-page MoS guideline, but that doesn't mean I'm hammering down on whether or not it should be a dab page - merely working with the present material. User:Ceyockey 19:19, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * The solution as I see it would be to move the present article to U.S. Highway 48 (disambiguation) and have the present title redirect to Corridor H (Appalachian Development Highway System), affixing U.S. Highway 48 to that article. User:Ceyockey 19:26, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

History section copyvivo?
There are some concerns that the history section is an infringment of the content at this site. Although the wording has been changed, it may not be sufficient. --HappyCamper 03:03, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Corridor H (Appalachian Development Highway System) redirect
If you were to type in Corridor H (Appalachian Development Highway System), it redirects here, but if you type in Corridor H, it goes to U.S. Route 48 in West Virginia. So which should go where? DandyDan2007 (talk) 12:11, 1 December 2009 (UTC)

Link needs updated
Much of the information came from http://www.wvcorridorh.com/

It appears WV has retired that URL and now the information can be found at https://transportation.wv.gov/highways/major-projects/Corridor-H/Pages/default.aspx.

I've never edited a wiki page and this change by WV impacts a heck of a lot of links throughout this article. Figured by pointing it out, some eager person would take on the link update task.

title: Talk:U.S. Route 48


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F. Ray Keyser Jr.

Frank Ray Keyser Jr. (August 17, 1927 – March 7, 2015) was an American lawyer and politician from Vermont. He served as Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1959 to 1961, and the 72nd governor of Vermont from 1961 to 1963.

Early life
The son of Vermont Supreme Court Justice F. Ray Keyser Sr. and Ellen Larkin Keyser, the younger Keyser was born in Chelsea, Vermont, on August 17, 1927. He served as a page in the Vermont House of Representatives in 1939. In 1945 he graduated from Montpelier High School. He served in the United States Navy during World War II.

In 1950 Keyser graduated from Tufts University with a Bachelor of Arts degree, and was a member of the Delta Upsilon fraternity. He graduated from Boston University School of Law in 1952 and practiced law in Chelsea.

Keyser married his first wife, the former Joan F. Friedgen (January 20, 1928 – April 17, 2002), an engineer and statistician, on July 15, 1950. The couple has three children – Carol E. Fjeld, Christopher S. Keyser, and Frank Ray Keyser III. Joan Keyser served as the First Lady of Vermont during her husband's tenure as governor.

Career
A Republican, Keyser served three terms in the Vermont House of Representatives (1955–1961), and was Speaker from 1959 to 1961.

In 1960 Keyser defeated the Lieutenant Governor, Robert S. Babcock in the Republican primary for governor. He won the general election, and he served one term, 1961 to 1963. At age 33, Keyser was the youngest person to be elected Vermont's governor. During his term he initiated the Vermont Industrial Building Authority as a way to stimulate economic growth and job creation, and also oversaw expansion of the state park system.

In 1961 Keyser was awarded the honorary degree of LL.D. by Tufts University. Also in 1961, Keyser appeared as a contestant on an episode of To Tell the Truth; five years after an appearance by West Virginia Governor Cecil Underwood, Underwood appeared again; Keyser was one of the two impostors who claimed to be Underwood.

In 1962 Keyser lost his race for reelection to Democrat Philip H. Hoff. Hoff's victory marked the first time Republicans had lost the governorship since the founding of the Republican Party in the 1850s and as of 2021 is the last time an incumbent governor of Vermont has been defeated for re-election.

From 1965 to 1970, Keyser was vice president and general counsel for the Vermont Marble Company, and he was chief executive officer and chairman of the board from 1970 to 1979.

From 1967 to 1972, he was on the board of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and he was a director of the Central Vermont Public Service Corporation and chairman of the board from 1980 to 1997.

In 1980 he organized the Rutland law office of Keyser and Crowley. Keyser also served as a director of the Union Mutual of Vermont insurance company.

Keyser's first wife, former Vermont First Lady Joan Keyser, died in 2002; the couple had three children. He married Mary Lou (Underhill) Keyser in 2005.

A longtime resident of Proctor, Keyser died at his daughter's home in Brandon on March 7, 2015, at the age of 87. He was buried at Highland Cemetery in Chelsea.

title: F. Ray Keyser Jr.


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Twelve Years' Truce

The Twelve Years' Truce was a ceasefire during the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch Republic, agreed in Antwerp on 9 April 1609 and ended on 9 April 1621. While European powers like France began treating the Republic as a sovereign nation, the Spanish viewed it as a temporary measure forced on them by financial exhaustion and domestic issues and did not formally recognise Dutch independence until the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. The Truce allowed Philip III of Spain to focus his resources elsewhere, while Archdukes Albert and Isabella used it to consolidate Habsburg rule and implement the Counter-Reformation in the Southern Netherlands.

Context
The Dutch Republic achieved significant military gains in the 1590s. After the fall of Antwerp in 1585, Spain's Philip II ordered Alexander Farnese to direct his military actions first towards the failed campaign of the Spanish Armada, then against France to prevent the succession of Henry IV, a Protestant. In the following years the Army of Flanders was entirely on the defensive. Unable to sustain the cost of a war on three fronts, Philip II was forced to declare a suspension of payments in 1596. Spain's predicament was adroitly used by Stadtholder Maurice. In a series of campaigns, the Republic's army surprised Breda in 1590, took Deventer, Hulst and Nijmegen the following year and captured Groningen in 1594. By that stage the Army of Flanders had lost almost all its strategic positions north of the great rivers.

By the turn of the century, however, the conflict began to reach a stalemate. After the accession of Philip III in Spain and of the Archdukes Albert and Isabella in the Habsburg Netherlands in 1598, the Army of Flanders tried to regain the offensive against the Dutch Republic. While it met with a tactical defeat in the Battle of Nieuwpoort on 2 July 1600, it did succeed in its strategic goal to repel the Dutch invasion of Flanders. The lengthy siege of Ostend (1601–1604) amply demonstrated the balance of power. Both sides poured enormous resources into the besieging or defending of a town that was reduced to rubble. Ambrogio Spinola, who had succeeded Archduke Albert as commander in the field, eventually captured the town on 22 September 1604, but only at the price of accepting the loss of Sluis.

Meanwhile, Habsburg diplomacy had managed to disengage from two fronts. In 1598 Henry IV and Philip II had ended the Franco-Spanish War with the Peace of Vervins. Six years later, James I, Philip III and the Archdukes concluded the Anglo-Spanish conflict with the Treaty of London. Together, these treaties allowed the Habsburgs to concentrate their resources on the war against the Dutch in the hope of delivering a decisive strike. The following year, Spinola seized the initiative, bringing the war north of the great rivers for the first time since 1594. Suddenly the Dutch Republic had the enemy threatening its heartland. By 1606, the Spanish army had captured Oldenzaal, Lochem, Lingen, Rijnberk and Groenlo despite the efforts of Maurice of Nassau. However, the Republic's allies continued to offer their material support. Moreover, Habsburg successes in the Low Countries came at a heavy price. The Spanish did not deliver the knockout blow they had hoped for, while the Dutch East India Company made serious inroads into the Portuguese spice trade, by setting up bases in the Moluccas. These advances signaled that the conflict might spread further into the Spanish overseas empire. On 9 November 1607 Philip III announced a suspension of payments. The balance of power had led to a balance of exhaustion. After decades of war, both sides were finally prepared to open negotiations.

Conferences
The two opposing sides started putting out discrete overtures early in the campaign season of 1606. The contacts were intensified when Albert instructed Father Jan Neyen in March 1607 to seek out the preliminaries that would have to be met for formal negotiations. Raised a Protestant, Neyen had converted to Catholicism and joined the Franciscan Order. The move did not however seem to have cost him his longstanding access to Maurice of Nassau, a fact that made him a valuable intermediary. Under the guise of visiting his mother in the United Provinces, Neyen travelled between Brussels and The Hague. The States-General of the Republic insisted on a preliminary recognition of their independence, to which Albert consented, be it with significant reservations. On 12 April 1607 the United Provinces and the Habsburg Netherlands agreed to a ceasefire, valid for eight months and taking effect on 4 May. The ceasefire was later extended to include operations at sea. Even then it was difficult to obtain the assent of Philip III. The king was appalled by Albert's readiness to concede on the point of independence. Only the desperate situation of Spain's finances compelled him to ratify the agreement. The ceasefire would be prolonged several times to allow for the negotiations that would eventually lead to the signing of the Twelve Years' Truce.

The peace conference opened in The Hague on 7 February 1608. The negotiations took place in the Binnenhof, in a room that has since been known as the Trêveszaal. As Maurice declined to take part in the conference, the leadership of the delegation of the Republic was given to his cousin William Louis of Nassau, the Stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe. The chief negotiator on the Dutch side was the influential Land's Advocate of Holland, Johan van Oldenbarnevelt. The delegation of the Habsburg Netherlands was led by Ambrogio Spinola. Its leading participant was the Chief-President Jean Richardot. They were assisted by Neyen, the Secretary of State and War, Don Juan de Mancicidor, and the Audiencier Louis Verreycken. There was no separate delegation for the King of Spain. The delegates of the Archdukes were empowered to negotiate on his behalf.

A number of princes sent delegations to the conference. The French team of mediators was led by the experienced negotiator and president of the Parliament of Burgundy, Pierre Jeannin. The English delegation was headed by the ambassador in The Hague and future Secretary of State Ralph Winwood. King Christian IV of Denmark sent his future Chancellor Jacob Ulfeldt. Other mediators represented the Palatinate, Brandenburg, Ansbach and Hesse-Kassel. The Elector of Cologne and the Duke of Jülich and Cleves sent observers. Most of these delegates left as the conference dragged on, with only the French and English mediators staying on until the end.

The conference failed to come to an agreement on the terms of a peace treaty and broke up on 25 August. The parties were unable to compromise in matters of colonial trade and religion. To safeguard the Spanish Empire, the Habsburgs demanded that the Dutch would cease all navigation south of the Equator. It was a price that the mercantile United Provinces refused to pay. The demand inspired Hugo Grotius to publish his famous Mare Liberum in defense of the Dutch refusal. The United Provinces likewise rejected the Habsburg demand that the Catholics in the Republic would be given freedom of religion, considering it an interference in their domestic affairs. In spite of these setbacks, the French and English mediators nevertheless succeeded to convince the two sides to settle for a lengthy truce. It would preserve the peace, while remaining silent on all contentious subjects. After considering longer and shorter periods, the term of the truce was set for twelve years.

Formal talks were resumed on 28 March 1609 at the Antwerp City Hall. On 9 April the two delegations set their signatures to the text. The ratification process proved difficult. In the Republic, towns such as Amsterdam and Delft feared that the truce would diminish their trade. The States of Zeeland resented the loss of income from privateering and insisted on maintaining the blockade of the Scheldt. Philip III had his own reasons to refuse. It took several missions from the Archducal Court before he was prepared to ratify the treaty on 7 July 1609.

Content
The Habsburgs agreed to treat the United Provinces like an independent state for the duration of the truce. The wording of the article was ambiguous. The Dutch version of the agreement stated more or less that the independence of the Republic had been recognized, while the French text suggested that the Republic would be treated as if it were independent.

All hostilities would cease for twelve years. The two parties would exercise their sovereignty in the territories that they controlled on the date on the agreement. Their armies would no longer levy contributions in enemy territory, all hostages would be set free. Privateering would be stopped, with both parties repressing acts of piracy against the other. Trade would resume between the former belligerents. Dutch tradesmen or mariners would be given the same protection in Spain and the Archducal Netherlands as enjoyed by Englishmen under the Treaty of London. This meant that they could not be prosecuted for their beliefs, unless they gave offense to the local population. For their part, the Dutch agreed to end the blockade of the Flemish coast, but refused to allow free navigation on the Scheldt.

Exiles from the Southern Netherlands were allowed to return, but would have to conform to Catholicism. Estates that had been seized during the war would be restituted or their value would be compensated. A number of aristocratic families stood to gain from this article, with Maurice of Nassau and his siblings foremost among them. The practicalities of the restitution were agreed upon in a separate treaty dated 7 January 1610.

The agreement was silent on the issue of trade with the Indies. It did not endorse the Spanish claim to exclusive rights of navigation, nor did it back the Dutch thesis that it could trade or settle wherever there was no previous occupation by either the Spanish or the Portuguese. The truce did not alleviate the situation of Catholics in the Republic, or that of Protestants in the Habsburg Netherlands. Although they were not actively persecuted, they could not profess their religion in public and remained excluded from public office.

Developments in the Dutch Republic
The immediate result for the Republic was that it was now officially recognised by other European states as a sovereign nation. To mark the recognition of the independence of the United Provinces, the States-General added a closed crown with two arches to their arms. Soon after the truce commenced, the Dutch emissaries in Paris and London were accorded full ambassadorial status. The Republic established diplomatic ties with the Republic of Venice, the Sultanate of Morocco, and the Ottoman Empire. A network of consuls was set up in the main ports. On 17 June 1609 France and England signed a treaty guaranteeing the independence of the Republic. To protect their interests in the Baltic, the United Provinces signed a defensive pact with the Hanseatic League in 1614 that was intended to deter Danish aggression.

The truce did not halt Dutch colonial expansion. The United East India Company established its presence on the island of Solor, founded the town of Batavia on the island of Java, and gained a foothold on the Coromandel Coast in Pulicat. In the New World, the Republic encouraged the colonization of New Netherland. The Dutch merchant navy expanded rapidly, asserting itself on new routes, particularly in the Mediterranean.

The official embargo on trade with the Americas had ended, but the colonists now imposed their own unofficial one, limiting Dutch trade with Caracas and the Amazon region. Temporary setbacks in the Indies caused the price of VOC shares on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange to fall from a high of 200 in 1608 to 132 after the truce began. The Zeeland transit traffic to the Southern Netherlands declined sharply. On the other hand, the lifting of the Dutch blockade of Antwerp and the Flemish coast helped revive the trade in Flemish textile products, just as the Flemish textile industry experienced a revival itself.

Despite the truce, in 1614 the Dutch Captain Joris van Spilbergen sailed beyond the Strait of Magellan with an expedition of five ships, and raided the Spanish settlements on the coast of Mexico and South America. He fought the Spanish at Callao, Acapulco and Navidad.

In the Republic, ports profited from the expansion of trade. In contrast, brewing towns such as Delft, and textile producing centers like Leiden and Gouda, suffered from the competition of goods produced more cheaply in the Habsburg Netherlands.

Remonstrants and Counter-Remonstrants
During the Truce, two factions emerged in the Dutch Republic. The divisions separating them were religious as well as political. The unity of the Dutch Reformed Church was threatened by a controversy that found its origins in the opposing views of Jacobus Arminius and Franciscus Gomarus on predestination.

Arminius' less rigid views appealed to the well-to-do merchants of Holland. They were also popular among the regents dominating the political life of that province, because they offered the prospect of an inclusive church controlled by the state. Johan van Oldenbarnevelt and Hugo Grotius were among the principal supporters.

The strict interpretations of Gomarus stood for a church of the elect, independent of outside control. They appealed to the industrious strata of the manufacturing towns as well as to exiles from the Southern Netherlands who were excluded from political power, adding an element of social conflict to the controversy.

In many towns congregations split between Remonstrants seeking to moderate the Belgic Confession, and Counter-Remonstrants who were strict Calvinists, insisting on its rigid interpretation. On 23 September 1617 Stadtholder Maurice of Orange openly sided with the Counter-Remonstrants. Maurice and many of the counter-Remonstrants had mixed feelings about the truce. Maurice was opposed to some of the measures of the truce and wanted full independence for the Dutch Republic. He favoured continuing the war until a total Spanish defeat that led to an unquestionable freedom for the Republic.

In an attempt to force the issue, Remonstrant regents used their sway over local authorities to recruit mercenaries with the "Sharp Resolution" of 4 August 1617, which authorised city governments to raise mercenary armies, the so-called waardgelders, outside the federal army or civic militias, to maintain public order. This drew an immediate protest from Maurice and from the other provinces on constitutional grounds. They asserted that the Union of Utrecht prohibited the raising of troops by individual cities without consent from the States General. Even more threatening to the federal supremacy had been the provision in the Sharp Resolution that asserted that units in the federal army paid for the account of Holland owed their primary allegiance to that province. This was a restatement of Holland's old constitutional position that the provinces were supremely sovereign, and the Union no more than a confederation of sovereign provinces. Maurice, and the other provinces (except Utrecht), now claimed that the States General possessed an overriding sovereignty in matters of common defence and foreign policy

Maurice now mobilised the support of the five provinces opposing Holland and Utrecht for a States General resolution disbanding the waardgelders. This was voted through on 9 July 1618, with five votes to two, Holland and Utrecht opposing. Van Oldenbarnevelt and Grotius, in desperation, now overplayed their hand: appealing to the requirement for unanimity in the Union treaty, they sent a delegation to the federal troops in Utrecht (that were supposed to disarm the waardgelders in that city) with instructions that their first allegiance was to the province that paid them, and that they were to ignore instructions by the stadtholder in case of conflict. This intervention was construed by their opponents as treason. Prince Maurice now brought up additional federal troops to Utrecht and started to disarm the waardgelders there on 31 July 1618. There was no resistance. The political opposition to his actions imploded as van Oldenbarnevelt's Utrecht ally, Gilles van Ledenberg, advocaat of the Utrecht States, fled to Holland

On 29 August 1618 Maurice had Oldenbarnevelt and other leaders of the Remonstrants arrested and then proceeded to purge the Holland ridderschap and the vroedschappen of a number of cities that had been governed by Remonstrant regents up to then. He replaced the old regents with adherents of the Counter-Remonstrant faction, often nouveau riche merchants that had little experience in government affairs. These purges constituted a political revolution and ensured that his Orangist regime would be securely in charge of the Republic for the next 32 years. Henceforth the stadtholder, not the Advocate of Holland, would direct the affairs of the Republic, mainly through his parliamentary managers in the Holland ridderschap. The Holland leadership was emasculated by making sure that the position of Grand Pensionary would henceforth be filled by Orangists.

Oldenbarnevelt was tried and executed. Others, such as Grotius, were imprisoned in Castle Loevestein. Meanwhile, the Synod of Dort upheld the strict interpretation of predestination and declared Arminianism heretical. Arminian theologians such as Johannes Wtenbogaert went into exile, where they set up a separate Remonstrant Church.

Developments in the Spanish monarchy
In Spain the truce was seen as a major humiliation – it had suffered a political, military and ideological defeat and the affront to its prestige was immense. The truce was not prestigious for the Spaniards as the Dutch emerged as the most favoured party. Spanish councillors opposed renewing the truce in order to preserve Spain's reputation as a great power and renew the war. The terms of the 1609 truce that the Spanish found objectionable not only included the virtual recognition of Dutch independence but also the closure of the river Scheldt to traffic in and out of Antwerp, and the acceptance of Dutch commercial operations in the Spanish and Portuguese colonial maritime lanes. A defeat for Spain was essentially a defeat for Castile, for it was Castile which provided the policy and the maintenance of the empire.

For the time of its duration, however, the truce allowed Philip and Duke of Lerma to disengage from the conflict in the Low Countries and devote their energies to the internal problems of the Spanish monarchy. Nevertheless, Philip also longed to expunge the truce through a vigorous resumption of war.

Developments in the Southern Netherlands
The Southern Netherlands benefited from the truce. Agriculture was at last allowed to recover from the devastation of war. The archducal regime encouraged the reclaiming of land that had been inundated in the course of the hostilities and sponsored the impoldering of the Moeren, a marshy area that is presently astride the Belgian–French border. The recovery of agriculture led in turn to a modest increase of the population after decades of demographic losses. Repairing the damage to churches and other buildings helped to boost demand. Industry and in particular the luxury trades likewise underwent a recovery. Other sectors, such as textiles and breweries, benefitted from comparatively lower wages than those of the Dutch Republic. International trade was however hampered by the closure of the river Scheldt. The archducal regime had plans to bypass the blockade with a system of canals linking Ostend via Bruges to the Scheldt in Ghent and joining the Meuse to the Rhine between Venlo and Rheinberg. In order to combat urban poverty, the government supported the creation of a network of mounts of piety based on the Italian model.

Meanwhile, the archducal regime ensured the triumph of the Counter-Reformation in the Habsburg Netherlands. Most Protestants had by that stage left the region. Under the terms of legislation passed shortly after the truce, the remaining Protestant population was tolerated, provided they did not worship in public. Engaging in religious debates was also forbidden by law. The resolutions of the Third Provincial Council of Mechelen of 1607 were likewise given official sanction. Through such measures and by the appointment of a generation of able and committed bishops, Albert and Isabella laid the foundation of the Catholic confessionalisation of the population.

Resumption of hostilities
More than once it looked as if the truce was about to collapse. The succession crisis over the duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg resulted in severe tensions during the siege of Jülich of 1610 and the confrontations that led to the Treaty of Xanten in 1614.

Petrus Peckius the Younger led a failed attempt at renewing the truce in 1621.

title: Twelve Years' Truce


text:
Woods Point, Victoria

Woods Point is a small town in Victoria, Australia and is located on the banks of the Goulburn River. At the, Woods Point and the surrounding area had a population of 33, down from 37 in.

History
The town began as a general store built by Henry Wood, to service the gold diggings around the recently discovered Morning Star Reef. Wood's Point Post Office opened on 1 December 1862. By 1864, only three years after the discovery of the gold reef, the area had become a thriving town with 36 hotels. The town was subdivided into numerous suburbs, such as Waverly, Piccadilly, Killarney, Richmond, and Morning Star Hill. Communication was established via a telegraph line to Jamieson, and two local papers were in circulation.

From the 1870s to 1890s, mining activity declined, and the population dropped to between 100 and 200. The mining industry was revived in the 1890s, and the population grew once again, with four hotels servicing the town. Much of the town had to be rebuilt following devastating bushfires in 1939. The Morning Star Mine continued operations until its closure in 1963.

Woods Point, due in part to its terrain, has on many occasions been threatened by bush fires. Most notably in 1939 when the town was completely decimated. In 2006 it was severely threatened but remained unharmed, whilst neighbouring town Gaffney's Creek lost a number of houses. In 2009 the town was threatened again by the "Black Saturday" fires, although the town emerged unscathed. The neighbouring town of Marysville wasn't as fortunate.

The Woods Point Magistrates' Court closed on 1 November 1981, not having been visited by a Magistrate since 1970. Woods Point Primary School closed on 31 December 1998.

The general store in Woods Point closed its doors in late 2010 and a smaller version opened down the main street, just over the bridge. This store facilitates small grocery sales while the Commercial Hotel covers the unleaded fuel sales for motorbikes.

On 22nd September, 2021 at just after 9:15am, an earthquake with magnitude 5.9 struck near Woods Point, approximately 10 km below the surface. The earthquake was felt across the nation, including in Adelaide, Canberra and Launceston. Although this was the largest earthquake ever recorded in Victoria, it did not cause any significant damage in Woods Point

Location and features
The town now serves as a hub for recreational trail-bike and off-road four-wheel drive activities and contains one hotel and one general store/petrol station (which has closed down), Mini Golf course, tennis court and many camping areas, the most popular being J. H. Scott Reserve. There are two gold mines still active in the area surrounding the town. The town is still only accessible by dirt roads. But has recently gained Telstra mobile service to the government's "black spot" program. Two bus services service the town, a once daily private mail bus and a weekly return PTV bus running to Mansfield with the PTV service being covered under the fare cap scheme These routes allow access to Mansfield services and connecting V/Line busses to Melbourne and Mount Buller

Morning Star, a publicly listed company, was operating the Morning Star mine, as well as other nearby projects, until it was placed into receivership in 2015. It is now currently (2020) owned by AuStar Gold Ltd.

A.1 Mine, just 20 mins out of town is also currently in operation by Kaiser Reef Ltd (2020).

Climate
At an elevation of 680 m and latitude of 37.6 °S, Woods Point is one of the coldest localites in Australia. Summer daytime temperatures are generally mild to warm, but with very cold mornings; winters are cold and very wet, with regular snowfalls that are often heavy.

title: Woods Point, Victoria


text:
Pulsus paradoxus

Pulsus paradoxus, also paradoxic pulse or paradoxical pulse, is an abnormally large decrease in stroke volume, systolic blood pressure (a drop more than 10 mmHg) and pulse wave amplitude during inspiration. Pulsus paradoxus is not related to pulse rate or heart rate, and it is not a paradoxical rise in systolic pressure. Normally, blood pressure drops less precipitously than 10 mmHg during inhalation. Pulsus paradoxus is a sign that is indicative of several conditions, most commonly pericardial effusion.

The paradox in pulsus paradoxus is that, on physical examination, one can detect beats on cardiac auscultation during inspiration that cannot be palpated at the radial pulse. It results from an accentuated decrease of the blood pressure, which leads to the (radial) pulse not being palpable and may be accompanied by an increase in the jugular venous pressure height (Kussmaul's sign). As is usual with inspiration, the heart rate is slightly increased, due to decreased left ventricular output.

Mechanism
During inspiration, the negative intra-thoracic pressure results in an increased right venous return, filling the right atrium more than during an exhalation. The increased blood volume dilates the right atrium, reducing the compliance of the left atrium due to their shared septum. Lower left atrial compliance reduces the left atrium venous return and as a consequence causes a reduction in left ventricular preload. This results in a reduction in left ventricular stroke volume and will be noted as a reduction in systolic blood pressure in inspiration. Pulsus paradoxus is therefore an exaggeration or an increase in the fall of systolic BP beyond 10 mmHg during inspiration.

Normally during inspiration, a person's systolic blood pressure decreases by ≤10 mmHg and heart rate slightly increases. This is because inspiration decreases intra-thoracic pressure relative to atmospheric pressure, which increases blood flow (systemic venous return) to the right atrium of the heart by reducing pressure on the veins, particularly the venae cavae. However, the decrease in intra-thoracic pressure and stretching of the lungs during inhalation also expands the compliant pulmonary vasculature so that blood pools in the lungs and decreases pulmonary venous return to the left atrium. Also, the increased systemic venous return to the right side of the heart expands the right heart and directly compromises filling of the left side of the heart by slightly bulging the septum to the left, reducing maximum volume. Reduced left-heart filling leads to a reduced stroke volume which manifests as a decrease in systolic blood pressure, leading to a faster heart rate due to the inhibition of the baroreceptor reflex, which stimulates sympathetic outflow to the heart.

Under normal physiologic conditions the large pressure gradient between the right and left ventricles prevents the septum from bulging dramatically into the left ventricle during inspiration. However such bulging does occur during cardiac tamponade where pressure equalizes between all of the chambers of the heart. As the right ventricle receives more volume, it pushes the septum into the left ventricle further reducing its volume in turn. This additional loss of volume of the left ventricle that only occurs with equalization of the pressures (as in tamponade) allows for the further reduction in volume, so cardiac output is reduced, leading to a further decline in BP. However, in situations where the left ventricular pressure remains higher than the pericardial sac (most frequently from coexisting disease with an elevated left ventricular diastolic pressure), there is no pulsus paradoxus.

Although one or both of these mechanisms may occur, a third may additionally contribute. The large negative intra-thoracic pressure increases the pressure across the wall of the left ventricle (increased transmural pressure, equivalent to [pressure within ventricle] - [pressure outside of ventricle]). This pressure gradient, resisting the contraction of the left ventricle, causes an increase in afterload. This results in a decrease in stroke volume, contributing to the decreased pulse pressure and increased heart rate as described above. Pulsus paradoxus occurs not only with severe cardiac tamponade but also with asthma, obstructive sleep apnea and croup. The mechanism, at least with severe tamponade, is likely very similar to those of hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathies (diastolic dysfunction), where a decrease in Left Ventricular (LV) filling corresponds to an increasingly reduced stroke volume. In other words, with these cardiomyopathies, as LV filling decreases, ejection fraction decreases directly, yet non-linearly and with a negative concavity (negative first and second derivatives). Similarly, with tamponade, the degree of diastolic dysfunction is inversely proportional to the LV end-diastolic volume. So during inspiration, since LV filling is lesser relative to that during expiration, the diastolic dysfunction is also proportionally greater, so the systolic pressure drops >10 mmHg. This mechanism is also likely with pericarditis, where diastolic function is chastened.

Measurement
Pulse pressure is quantified using a blood pressure cuff and stethoscope (Korotkoff sounds), by measuring the variation of the systolic pressure during expiration and inspiration.

To measure the pulsus paradoxus, place a blood pressure cuff on the patient's arm and very slowly deflate the cuff while listening for brachial pulsations. Note the pressure that you first hear with pulsations during expiration (which will be the highest). Repeat the process, and record the pressure of pulsations heard during inspiration (which will be the lowest).

If the pressure difference between the two readings is >10mmHg, it can be classified as pulsus paradoxus.

Causes
Pulsus paradoxus can be caused by several physiologic mechanisms. Anatomically, these can be grouped into:
 * cardiac causes,
 * pulmonary causes and
 * non-pulmonary and non-cardiac causes.

Considered physiologically, PP is caused by:
 * decreased right heart functional reserve, e.g. myocardial infarction and tamponade,
 * right ventricular inflow or outflow obstruction, e.g. superior vena cava obstruction and pulmonary embolism, and
 * decreased blood to the left heart due to lung hyperinflation (e.g. asthma, COPD) and anaphylactic shock.

List of causes
Cardiac:
 * constrictive pericarditis. One study found that pulsus paradoxus occurs in less than 20% of patients with constrictive pericarditis.
 * pericardial effusion, including cardiac tamponade
 * cardiogenic shock

Pulmonary:
 * pulmonary embolism
 * tension pneumothorax
 * asthma (especially with severe asthma exacerbations)
 * chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Non-pulmonary and non-cardiac:
 * anaphylactic shock
 * hypovolemia
 * superior vena cava obstruction
 * pregnancy
 * obesity

PP has been shown to be predictive of the severity of cardiac tamponade. Pulsus paradoxus may not be seen with cardiac tamponade if an atrial septal defect or significant aortic regurgitation is also present.

title: Pulsus paradoxus


text:
User:Seanmeade

Sean Meade is the husband of Christine and the father of Elizabeth and Wil. He lives in Columbia, SC.

Sean's weblog: interact

title: User:Seanmeade


text:
Television Without Pity

Television Without Pity (often abbreviated TWoP) was a website that provided detailed recaps of select television dramas, situation comedies and reality TV shows along with discussion forums. These recaps were written with sarcastic criticism and opinion alongside a retelling of an episode's events, which the site referred to as "snark". Their official motto is "Spare the snark, spoil the networks," a takeoff on "spare the rod, spoil the child" and its mascot is Tubeelzebub (a portmanteau of tube and Beelzebub – "Tubey" for short), a devilish television set with horns and a pointed tail.

Initially established in 1998 to recap the show Dawson's Creek, the site changed its name to Mighty Big TV when it expanded to other shows. It adopted the Television Without Pity name by 2002. The site was bought by the Bravo network within NBCUniversal in 2007, which continued to operate it until it was shuttered in April 2014. Sometime after this point, the site and branding was acquired by Tribune Media, who had announced plans in 2016 for a relaunch, but this was scrapped among other cost-cutting measures at Tribune in April 2017. The site's recap and forum archives remained available at the BrilliantButCancelled website until the archives went down in late 2021.

Television Without Pity is credited with popularizing the format of television episode recaps intermixed with running commentary. The site was also known to be used by television show producers, directors, and writers to gain more immediate feedback for their works and take in the constructive criticism for their future works.

History
The site began in late 1998 by Sarah Bunting and Tara Ariano, with technical support from David Cole, as an online forum driven by discussion of the show Dawson's Creek, then named DawsonsWrap. Their commentary specifically focused on the show's central character Dawson Leery, and Bunting said that this had caught their attention because "insidious, sexist, lazy writing had us apoplectic, not least because we're supposed to identify with a character who, on his best day, is an obnoxious, self-absorbed twit." Their activities included writing recaps of each episode intermixed with their criticism, establishing the use of sarcastic criticism or "snark" within these recaps. Though they did not believe they had a direct impact on Dawson's Creek itself, they felt that by the end of the show's run, they had seen a change in the show's writing that seemed to take the show's critics to heart.

The DawsonsWrap format was popular, and by 1999, they expanded to include other shows with a similar approach, rebranding the site as Mighty Big TV. Around 2002, the site continued to expand and rebranded itself as Television Without Pity, providing the slogan "Spare the Snark, Spoil the Networks".

In 2006, Ariano and Bunting published a Television Without Pity spinoff book, called Television Without Pity: 752 Things We Love To Hate (and Hate To Love) About TV.

In March 2007 the site was purchased by the Bravo unit of NBCUniversal for an undisclosed sum. Television Without Pity was expected to run independently under this acquisition, with Bunting and Ariano remaining in full editorial control of the site. Bravo had anticipated using the site's two million unique visitors at the time to enhance revenues from online advertising, recognizing that most visitors to Television Without Pity were devotees of one or more specific shows.

A year after Bravo's acquisition, founders Bunting, Ariano, and Cole all announced they were departing Television Without Pity. Around the same time, the site was redesigned and expanded to include features such as a wiki, videos, and a subsection "Movies without Pity".

NBCUniversal announced on March 27, 2014, that it would close down Television Without Pity on April 4, with the forums remaining open until May 31; this closure was announced alongside that of DailyCandy, and a few months after closure of iVillage, both websites acquired through NBCUniversal and its subsidiaries. NBCUniversal had tried to shop the site around, and find ways to monetize its content better, but could not find a way to make the site viable in that then-current environment. Initially, the site's archives were to have been stored electronically and not available to the public, but by demand, NBCUniversal affirmed it would make the recaps and archives of the forums available after the site's closure. The archives were eventually hosted under the Brilliant But Cancelled website, which operated without issues until June 2021, when the archives vanished entirely from the Internet and have not (as of October 2022) returned.

At some point following the site's closure, the Television Without Pity branding and website were acquired by Tribune Media. In a statement to The A.V. Club in April 2016, Tribune Media said they were in plans to relaunch the brand and were "working with some of the industry's favorite talent, influencers and strategic partners on a relaunch". The Television Without Pity site was updated with a teaser image with Tubeelzebub and the text "Something wicked this way comes... returning in 2017". However, the relaunch plans were scrapped by Tribune Media April 2017, alongside other cost-cutting measures, including layoffs and shuttering of new editorial content at Screener.

Show recaps and forums
Recaps differ in styles: some of the recappers write shorter, more concise recaps while others write more comically, inserting references to their personal life. Naturally, each style attracts different readers, with some preferring to use the site as information for episodes that they have missed, and others preferring the more humorous ones, which can be equally (or more) enjoyable to those who also watched the episode. Beginning in 2007, TWoP introduced "weecaps" – initially presented as single-page television series reviews written in real time. The abbreviated recap style – first used for coverage of The Real World/Road Rules Challenge and Dancing with the Stars during the spring – was later employed for a larger slate of summer replacement series, with eventual reconfiguring into multi-page entries. Shows with weecaps also gain dedicated forums with topic areas as with regularly recapped shows. The American version of Survivor used weecap coverage for the start of its China season but full recaps returned with that edition's 7th episode and have remained in place since then.

Shows canceled by the network (or deemed to be unpopular with the readers of TWoP) are considered to be in permanent hiatus, a status which is rarely reversed except for reality shows: the U.S. version of Big Brother returned to coverage in June 2006 when its All-Stars season began for the first time since its third season; Real World/Road Rules Challenge also returned to the active list in April 2007, with its recapping format switched to a shorter, real-time commentary; and while the site decided after the sixth edition of The Apprentice to stop recaps, the Celebrity Apprentice edition was brought back for coverage. Shows placed into permanent hiatus will generally have their forum threads readable but locked, and given a single dedicated thread in the appropriate miscellaneous forum categories; the recaps remain available on the site, though in the "Permanent hiatus" section. There are some exceptions; Doctor Who coverage was put into permanent hiatus after the 2nd season; Glark commented on the action of moving the show to permanent hiatus that "If you want to know what Bit Torrent is, ask a Doctor Who fan". The full Doctor Who threaded forum was retained though moved into the Sci-Fi show category, and remains fully active with moderation. The 2005 remake of Night Stalker holds the record for the shortest run on TWoP, having been put on Permanent Hiatus after only one recap, although the 2005 series Sex, Love & Secrets was expunged before even one recap, due to incredibly low viewer response in the forums. The shows covered are almost exclusively American, with the exceptions of the new series of Doctor Who, which is a British import to US television, and the original UK version of Queer as Folk, which was a British import to Canadian television. Both shows are Russell T Davies productions.

At times, the site may offer a charity auction for "Tubey's Kids", whereby the person with the largest donation can request a recap of a specific episode or show (no longer than one hour) by any specific recapper. The results of these recaps are posted as "Mondo Extras" on the site.

The forum for each active show includes threads for each episode of a show, a speculation thread, spoiler information, media references to the show, character/contestant-specific threads, and a general "meet market" for forum users. The forums are heavily moderated by staff to avoid significant off-topic discussion, unprotected spoiler information, and flame wars.

Impact
Television Without Pity was known to have established the use of recapping with commentary as a viable genre of criticism alongside a social space as to talk about shows. Television Without Pity predated the growth of social media, but through its forums established the social nature of watching television shows together. Sites like The A.V. Club grew from this type of approach, and social media is used heavily by television networks and fans alike to discuss shows as they occur in real time.

Some television actors, directors, writers, and producers have been known to visit the website. The site's founders refer to a point in 2000 when The West Wing creator Aaron Sorkin posted in the forums, at one point upset over the snark in one of the show's recaps. His experience is believed to have inspired the episode "The U.S. Poet Laureate", in which a character posts on White House Deputy Chief of Staff Joshua Lyman's fansite and is vehemently attacked by members of the forum for his beliefs and his violation of the forum rules. However, most others saw Television Without Pity's recaps and forums to be useful feedback. John Wells and J. J. Abrams have spoken to the value of Television Without Pity in developing their shows. Both CBS and The WB Network executives have used Television Without Pity to judge how to approach and market shows.

For the past several years, posters at the site have organized "TARCon" in New York City which is a viewing party for the season finale of The Amazing Race. The party has been attended by many of the show's contestants from current and past seasons.

Notable alumni
During its height and after its closure, TWoP was a jumping-off point for writers about television and popular culture. The sites' founders started a new website, Previously.tv, that provided a similar style of recapping and forums, as well as writing for various media outlets. Jessica Morgan and Heather Cocks, co-founders of Go Fug Yourself, met while recapping for TWoP. Linda Holmes, host of the NPR podcast Pop Culture Happy Hour and editor of NPR's pop culture and entertainment blog (formerly known as Monkey See), got her writing start with recaps of The Amazing Race. Stephen Falk recapped several reality TV shows at TWoP as he was transitioning from movie screenwriting to television, and since has become a producer for several television shows, including Orange is the New Black and Weeds, along with being the creator, writer and showrunner of You're the Worst.

title: Television Without Pity


text: User talk:68.60.62.34

title: User talk:68.60.62.34