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Roger LeClerc

Roger LeClerc may refer to:

 * Monsieur Roger LeClerc, a fictional character from the British sitcom series 'Allo 'Allo!
 * Roger LeClerc (American football) (1936–2021), American football player and coach

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Roger LeClerc


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Society for Elementary Books

The Society for Elementary Books (Polish: Towarzystwo do Ksiąg Elementarnych; 1775–92) was an institution formed by Poland's Commission of National Education (Komisja Edukacji Narodowej) in Warsaw in 1775. The Society's mandate was to design school syllabuses and textbooks for newly reformed schools.

History
Since education in Poland had until then been conducted mostly in Latin, the Commission of National Education faced the problem of an almost complete lack of textbooks. It was to cope with this that the Society for Elementary Books was formed. The scientists who worked on the new Polish-language textbooks often had to invent the requisite specialized vocabulary. Much of the vocabulary that they invented, related to chemistry, physics, mathematics and grammar, is still in use today, and some of the Society's textbooks were in use as late as the Second Polish Republic (1918–39)

The chairman of the Society for Elementary Books, in the years 1775-1791 was Ignacy Potocki, and in 1792 Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz. The main secretary, in the years 1775-1787, was Grzegorz Piramowicz, later Franciszek Zabłocki. Significant contributions to the Society's activities were put by Hugo Kołłątaj. The ordinary members of the Society were also: John the Baptist Albertrandi, Józef Bogucicki, Paweł Czempiński, Jędrzej Gawroński, Szymon L'Huillier, Szczepan Hołowczyc, Adam Jakukiewicz, Grzegorz Kniażewicz, Józef Koblański Onufry Kopczyński, Feliks Łojko, Kazimierz Narbutt, Antoni Popławski, Stefan Roussel, Sebastian Sierakowski, Józef Wybicki and scientific directors in Corps of Cadets (Warsaw) - Christian Pfleiderer (German professor of mathematics) and Michał Jan Hube. The honorary members of the Society were: Jan Dubois de Jancigny, Piotr Samuel Dupont de Nemours and Scipione Piattoli

Famous books created by the Society included Elementarz dla szkół parafialnych and Gramatyka dla szkół narodowych z przypisami. The Society was chaired by Ignacy Potocki, and its general secretary was Grzegorz Piramowicz. Hugo Kołłątaj made many important contributions to the Society's projects. Members included Onufry Kopczyński, Kazimierz Narbutt, Józef Wybicki and the academic directors of the Warsaw Corps of Cadets—Ch. Pfleiderer (mathematics) and Michał Jan Hube.

The Society was dissolved in 1792, in anticipation of the coming total dissolution of the Polish state.

Results of activities
The Society, during its 17 years of activity, held 631 meetings (an average of 3 meetings per month). A total of about 30 elementary book items intended for students or teachers were prepared and published, including 5 compiled by foreign scholars. The results of his work included the creation of such textbooks as: Elementary for Parish Schools and Grammar for National Schools with Footnotes.

Publications
In 1775, the Commission of National Education issued a "Notice with respect to the writing of elementary books for provincial schools" addressed to authors who were qualified to write them. The proclamation was translated for foreign authors into Latin and French. Its contents announced an international competition for elementary publications for elementary education, in which the following financial prizes were set: for mathematics and for the more necessary knowledge of the sciences, 100 red zlotys each were promised; for physics and mechanics, a book on farming, 150; for natural history, logic, a book on pronunciation and poetry, 50 red zlotys each.

title: Society for Elementary Books


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Talk:Gravimetry

The gal or the galileo
The name for this unit is so overwhelmingly "gal" rather than galileo that Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Eleventh Edition]] has neither an entry under "galileo" with this meaning, nor a mention of an alternative name under the "gal" entry. Gene Nygaard 13:23, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Better Image
I would like to see the image replace with something like http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-live/photos/000/342/cache/earth-surface-gravity-map_34243_600x450.jpg though that may be difficult due to licencing. Kevink707 (talk) 18:22, 7 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I agree, and thus replaced the image with a more 'visual' example of gravimetry --D'Lemelo (talk) 18:40, 22 January 2021 (UTC)

Merging Gravimeter and Gravimetry pages
What is the reason behind the recent merge of the Gravimeter page into the Gravimetry page? Perhaps this was done to increase the substance of the article, but the terms are not synonyms. As is the case with for example Spectrometer and Spectroscopy or Thermometer and Thermometry, the same distinction between instrument and field of study exists here. (Even though there is an odd counter-example in Magnetometry) In my opinion, Gravimeter and Gravimetry pages are better kept separate for clarity. Gravimetry is also done with other instruments; gravity gradiometers or GPS satellites for instance. D'Lemelo (talk) 22:29, 10 April 2021 (UTC)

I was inspired by gravity gradiometer and gravity gradiometry. fgnievinski (talk) 01:33, 11 April 2021 (UTC)

 * Since the current page is now for the most part about Gravimeters (and less about the field of Gravimetry), I propose to revert the merge and only keep a short section on the Gravimetry page with a redirect for the detailed description as was the case before. D'Lemelo (talk) 14:04, 11 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gravimetry


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Ford Freda

The Ford Freda was a badge engineered version of the 8-seater Mazda Bongo Friendee minivan, introduced to the Japanese partner home market by the American automaker Ford in 1995.

Most examples of this vehicle are automatics (there are a few manual versions) and are available in 2WD (SGL3) and 4WD (SGL5) versions. 2.5 turbo diesels are common in Japan, although V6 petrol engines are starting to appear. Later (post 99) models have different shapes and engines. Air conditioning (often with climate control) and Electronic Blinds are fitted as standard.

Camping versions
Some Bongo Friendee/Fredas have Mazda factory-fitted kitchen units, but many others are imported and converted to camper vans in the United Kingdom. All have fold-down seats downstairs to make a double bed, and on many models, there is also an elevating roof where you can sleep two more. Flat-top versions (or "Bongolows") are also available.

title: Ford Freda


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Juan Alban

Juan Alban is a guitar player and the lead singer of Australian rock band Epicure. Alban currently resides in Ballarat, Victoria.

title: Juan Alban


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GR 11 (Spain)

The GR 11, also known as the ruta Transpirenaica in Spain, is part of the extensive GR footpath network of paths, tracks and trails. It runs through the Spanish Pyrenees, passing only briefly into France near Candanchu.

From West to East, the trail starts at Cape Higuer (Basque Country), crosses Navarre and Aragon and finishes at Cap de Creus (Catalonia.) Its exact distance is difficult to measure, roughly 840 km and a total elevation change of 39,000 m. The route is separated into 45 sections. At the end of each section there is normally a useful stopping point (camping spot, town, hostel or refuge) but in general, supplies have to be carried for 3–4 days. Because most rivers flow perpendicular to the trail, the GR 11 passes over many valleys affording beautiful vistas but also many ascents and descents - some days as much as 1600 m ascent (with equivalent descent).

The trail can be walked in either direction - the deciding factors being the steepness of the terrain and the Sun. In the eastern (Catalan Pyrenees) and central part of the route (Aragonese Pyrenees), days are hotter and the profile more steep, which can prove physically challenging, especially for individuals who are less physically fit. The heat is much better tackled when the body has acclimated and physical conditioning has improved toward the end of the trip. Although walking East might provide a more comfortable start, it implies facing the Sun during the morning.

Fit walkers normally manage to complete it in about 44 days, although some people have been known to complete it in 24 days or less.

The GR 10 is a similar route but on the French side of the border while the Haute Randonnée Pyrénéenne (HRP) follows a generally higher route through the Pyrenees, frequently crossing the French-Spanish border.

title: GR 11 (Spain)


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CIRUS reactor

CIRUS (Canada India Reactor Utility Services)  was a research reactor at the Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) in Trombay near Mumbai, India. CIRUS was supplied by Canada in 1954, but used heavy water (deuterium oxide) supplied by the United States. It was the second nuclear reactor to be built in India.

It was modeled on the Canadian Chalk River National Research X-perimental (NRX) reactor. The 40 MW reactor used natural uranium fuel, while using heavy water as a moderator. It is a tank reactor type with a core size of 3.14 m (H) × 2.67 m (D). It first went critical July 10, 1960.

The reactor was not under IAEA safeguards (which did not exist when the reactor was sold), although Canada stipulated, and the U.S. supply contract for the heavy water explicitly specified, that it only be used for peaceful purposes. Nonetheless, CIRUS produced some of India's initial weapons-grade plutonium stockpile, as well as the plutonium for India's 1974 Pokhran-I (Codename Smiling Buddha) nuclear test, the country's first nuclear test. At a capacity factor of 50–80%, CIRUS can produce 6.6–10.5 kg of plutonium a year.

CIRUS was shut down in September 1997 for refurbishment and was scheduled to resume operation in 2003. The reactor was brought back into operation two years late in 2005. During refurbishing, a low-temperature vacuum evaporation-based desalination unit was also coupled to the reactor to serve as demonstration of using waste heat from a research reactor for sea desalination. Even if the reactor has a life of twenty more years, India had declared that this reactor would be shut down by 2010 in accordance with the Indo-US nuclear accord reached between Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and US President George W. Bush. The reactor was shut down on 31 December 2010.

title: CIRUS reactor


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File:GSXR1100G.jpg

Summary
Picture of my bike for Suzuki GSXR article.

title: File:GSXR1100G.jpg


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Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Michigan/Michigan recent changes

This page contains a manually extracted and edited list of links to the WikiProject Michigan. Links to user pages and other Wikiprojects and administrative pages have been removed. This allows the link "Recent changes in Michigan-related articles" to show changes to articles with Michigan content.


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Talk:Justice?

Apologies if this page is incorrectly formatted; I've not used a Talk page before.

Just wanted to make note that I've attempted to clean up the Justice? article a little but have not removed the "cleanup required" status because I haven't (yet at least) done enough to justify that.

Also, since I was involved in Justice? I don't particularly want to be the person who "approves" this article. I have, however, attempted to remove not only bad grammar, but also some propagandising which was present in the language.

External links modified
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I have just modified 2 external links on Justice?. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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title: Talk:Justice?


text: User talk:207.213.246.3

title: User talk:207.213.246.3


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Talk:Nineteen Counties

earlier comment
Any chance of getting a list of the 19? Ambi 13:30, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Map
A map of the 19 counties would be nice. Andjam 07:03, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Couldn't agree more :-). I will have a look for a copyright free image on the net but I am not drawing one.  I do have some books with maps but those are within copyright.--A  Y  Arktos 07:27, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

Comments July 2006
I was just looking at Portion U - Murray. It does go west to the Murrumbidgee but its the upper reaches of the Murrumbidgee well before that river going anywhere near current day Canberra. It is well east of the parish that is east of Tumut, (Buccleuch). The Murrumbidgee does a huge 'U' with the open bit facing south and Canberra in the middle of the bas eof the northen bit with the Hume Hwy way over end of the U near the opening or right top of the U there. Murray seems to have just past the Upper Murrumbidgee River as its Western boundary, and goes through Gundaroo on its northern boundry.

None of the Nineteen Counties are anywhere near the Hume Highway so the Nineteen Counties do not have much to do with the 1838 gazettals post the Faithfull Massacre.

I've copies of all the old Surveyor Generals maps for the Southern Region of NSW (about 20 of them) and none show the Hume Highway route south of Bowning. The road went west from Bowning though then, over to Coota then back over this way. This area was surveyed down the left hand side of the Murrumbidgee including up the Tumut R, then over along the Warragong Range then up to the highest hill, but that was it. They were pretty busy hiding hills till the 1840s so didnt want to get anything too correct. The area that covers north Gundagai that includes the Hume Highway, wasnt surveyed till 1838 when Larmer did that. Stapleton surveyed to the Tumut/Murrumbidgee Junction in 1832, then went up the Tumut River for Mitchell plus a lot of work was done in the Warragongs etc an daroudn Jellore and Talbragar.

There are decent maps in Andrews, A. 1992 'Major Mitchell's Map 1834: The saga of the Survey of the Nineteen Counties', Blubber Head Press, Tasmania.

The NSW and Vic Govs only gazetted that wriggly eastern bit of their common border about two months ago. It had never been done. Probably because its known the rivers are mixed up. Even when Vic was gazetted in 1851 the document said to south bank of the murrumbidgee (which may be the murray) and its been written off as an error. Errors like that are not made on important documents like that. The eastern bit of the border probably wasnt gazetted for 150 years as these cover up errors meant it was wiser to do nil.

When people say they crossed the Murray what does that mean? When people say they crossed the Hume R. what does that mean? The first one to me means they crossed the Murray Portion of Mitchells 19 Counties. The second means they crossed Humes River.

The list of the maps on the article page is all wrong. It says map 12 is the Murray. Map 12 is actually Cox's Colo area, for Mitchell Map portion M.

Murray (portion U) is on map 21 which shows the Abercrombie-Murrumbidgee area.

Andrews also has Mitchell's map superimposed over the 1892 NSW map that shows todays 'Counties' to show where Mitchells portions are these days.

The map engraver was deaf and dumb which was handy. Mitchell did some of the engraving himself so put the finishing details in so the other engraver didnt know all that was on the end result. There were I think, different versions put out so finding an online copy in the UK may show more detail. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 203.54.9.26 (talk • contribs) 01:55, 9 July 2006   (UTC+10 hours)

Partial response - map numbering
The numbering scheme does not refer to map numbering but is a numbered list - ie Murrray is one of 19 counties, twelfth in this list--A Y Arktos\talk 00:03, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

Missing cites
This article is missing a heap of cites. Where does the info come from? Has it been made up or pagarised or both? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 203.54.9.218+10 hours (talk • contribs) 15:14, 24 October 2006  (UTC)
 * Note this user has since been banned from editing the wikipedia for one year for among other things being uncivil and assuming bad faith (Requests for arbitration/Gundagai editors).--Golden Wattle talk 19:05, 5 November 2006 (UTC) (formerly known as AYArktos)

Note that on the article page they note the missing cites. Wattle snaps at comments that admins then also back up. Wattle/Artkos/and whatever your current rapidly and often changing name is - settle down. The Gundagai Editor. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.54.186.61 (talk) 09:16, 13 March 2009 (UTC)

Wrong County?
I am just reading Iain Stuarts paper on surveying and landscapes in NSW, (the paper is from the Historical Archaeology Journal.)

It notes on page 48 that Surveyor Thomas McCord wrote 'Murray' as the county he surveyed but Iain Stuart reckons he should have put 'Cowley',

Why?

I think the surveyor would have known where he was, when he was there. Why in 2007 did Iain Stuart seek to overturn the content of licenced surveyors own historic records from 1887? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.54.186.241 (talk) 07:28, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

It was the Lands Department that noticed there was an error in the county in 1887 not me in 2007. I reported that among the many minor errors the surveyors made in the course of their work and how these were picked up in the Lands Department.

Iain Stuart (talk) 02:16, 30 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nineteen Counties


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Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Havering

The London Borough of Havering is a London borough in northeast London, England. Part of Outer London, much of its area is protected from development by the Metropolitan Green Belt and more than half the borough is now parkland. Its parks and open spaces range from the large urban park to village greens and there are more than a hundred of them in total, mostly in the care of Havering London Borough Council (which are patrolled by Havering Parks Constabulary), but some by other organisations. Part of the extensive community forest known as Thames Chase is also within the borough, and a large new regional parkland is currently under development, called Wildspace. There are 93 Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation in Havering. Other parks and open spaces are:


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Bakestone

A bakestone is a type of griddle, particularly associated with Wales, where they are used for cooking Welsh cakes.

Before the 19th century, bakestones were made of stone; usually oval and of schistose steatite (soapstone), slate or very fine micaceous flaggy sandstone about 1+1/2 in thick. Modern bakestones are usually circular with a cut-out handle and are made of cast iron or steel, approximately 1 cm thick. In Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire the spelling is bakstone and are primarily used to cook very thin, yeasted oatcakes or riddle bread.

New bakestones are seasoned by burning a mixture of lard or oil and salt, giving a non-stick surface and protecting against rust. The blackened surface is not removed when the bakestone is cleaned and bakestones are believed to improve with repeated use.

title: Bakestone


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Phoenix Cricket Club

Phoenix Cricket Club is a Dublin-based club that currently fields six men's teams, two women's teams, youth teams (for both sexes) in six age bands and an over 40s "Taverners" team.

History
Phoenix CC is the oldest cricket club in Ireland, founded in 1830, by John Parnell, the father of Charles Stewart Parnell. The younger Parnell, famous for bringing Irish home rule to the forefront of the political agenda, was a member for a short time. It was founded about five years before Dublin University Cricket Club

The club has been based in Dublin's Phoenix Park for nearly its entire history, apart from 1835–1838. During those years, Phoenix played their home games in fields near the current site of the Grand Canal, by Upper Baggot Street. During the 1930s, 1940s and 1970s, Phoenix was the dominant club in Leinster cricket.

Early years
Prior to 1834, the club members met and practised in the Phoenix Park, but in 1835 the club moved out of the Park and played in matches in the open fields south of the canal.

Two of the prestigious early members of the club, Lord Dunloe and Lord Clonbrock, were also on the 1833 members list at the MCC. Together with V.E. Alcock, they were mainly responsible for the club expanding and developing over its first 20 years until it reached its zenith as the "Premier Club of Ireland," a contemporaneous description by the newspapers. All the founder-members were later given "Life Membership" in recognition of their service to the club.

In February 1838, the club relocated to the Phoenix Park again. As the club continued to prosper, the membership increased each year and 20 to 25 matches were played annually. However, in 1846 the road through the Phoenix Park was widened and the club had to move again. A new ground in an adjacent area was recommended, and in view of the expense already incurred by the Club the move was financed by the "Board of Works," at a cost of £73 and Phoenix has been at its present ground since 1847.

International cricket
The first Irish tour to North America was in 1879. Of the thirteen games played against the Philadelphia cricket club, ten were won, two were drawn and one was lost. South Africa made its second visit to Ireland in 1901. At this time, a dispute arose over the method of selecting the Irish team, and as a result, two of the leading Dublin clubs withdrew their names from selection, as did the Northern clubs. The Irish team eventually selected had ten Phoenix men and Bill Harrington of Leinster. (Though Leinster was a party to the dispute, Harrington was also a member of the County Kildare Club, which had kept out of the dispute). Disputes were no uncommon at the time, a few years earlier six Phoenix men had withdrawn from an Irish team because of insufficient Phoenix representation.

By 1902, the quarrel over selecting the Irish team was over, and a squad was selected to play a trial match at the Phoenix ground in May 1902. This was selected for a short tour in England. The first match was against W. G. Grace's London County side, and the Irish team won. The third match was at Oxford, with the Irish team losing by 62 runs. The last match was against Cambridge, and Ireland won by 58 runs.

Leinster Senior League
The Leinster Senior League was formed in 1919 and, while Phoenix had a considerably reduced membership due to the Troubles, the Phoenix team was still up to par. The subconscious policy of being a club for officers and gentlemen still persisted, while the practice of electing a captain on a match-to-match basis continued up until 1932 when W. R. Allen became the first captain appointed for a whole season.

Centenary celebrations
The Phoenix centenary was celebrated without too much pomp and fuss with a match against R. H. Lambert's selected XI, though the game was rain-affected.

Later years
The years 1950–1970 were without the glory of the previous years due to an aging team. Despite 2 cups in the 1950s, the next decade was without a major trophy during the whole of that decade.

In the latter part of the 1960s one of the most cohesive and formidable teams in the history of Leinster cricket began to emerge. After 22 years, Phoenix won the John Player Senior cup in 1973. In 1974 the team won the inaugural Wiggins Teape League and the following year accomplished the Grand Slam winning all three of Leinster senior trophies. For an entire decade the Phoenix 1st XI fielded no more than fifteen players during which time it won:

1973: John Player Senior Cup

1974: Wiggins Teape Competition

1975: Leinster Senior League / John Player Senior Cup / Wiggins Teape Competition

1976: John Player Senior Cup

1977: John Player Senior Cup

1978: Leinster Senior League / John Player Senior Cup

1979: Leinster Senior League / John Player Senior Cup

By 1980, when Phoenix C.C. celebrated its 150 years jubilee, the club fielded 4 teams in Leinster men's cricket, 2 schoolboys XIs (under 13s and under 15s) and 2 Ladies XIs.

In 1975, the inaugural women's team was formed, and became the first women's cricket team in Ireland. Barbara Schmidt became the first female president of an Irish cricket club in 1989.

In the early years of the 21st century, Phoenix C.C. has looked to the challenge of fostering the endless fascination and joy of cricket in a new generation of players, to follow in the tradition and the legacy of Ireland's oldest cricket club. Fans are affectionately known as "The Flamers". In recent years they've adopted a reworded version of "Eternal Flame" by The Bangles as a club anthem.

Honours

 * Irish Senior Cup: 1
 * 1986
 * Leinster Senior League: 15
 * 1921, 1922, 1924, 1925, 1936, 1942, 1943, 1949, 1956, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1983, 1985, 1987
 * Leinster Senior Cup: 15
 * 1937, 1938, 1939, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1982

Coaching
Each year the club runs a coaching programme for people at every ability level. Coaching occurs every weekday with the juniors in the afternoon and the adults in the evening. Other members and coaches from across the various teams also help in the training.

Stadium
The Phoenix ground has a pavilion, a square, full nets facilities, a bar, dressing room areas and car parking.

title: Phoenix Cricket Club


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St. George's Hundred, Delaware

St. Georges Hundred is an unincorporated subdivision of New Castle County, Delaware. Hundreds were once used as a basis for representation in the Delaware General Assembly, and while their names still appear on all real estate transactions, they presently have no meaningful use or purpose except as a geographical point of reference.

Boundaries and formation
St. Georges Hundred is that portion of New Castle County that lies south of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal and the small remaining portion of St. Georges Creek, and north of Appoquinimink Creek, extended generally westward from its headwaters to the Maryland state line, excepting a small area south of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, west of Summit Bridge and north of Back Creek. It was one of the original hundreds in Delaware created in 1682 and was named for St. Georges Creek that once flowed along its northern boundary. Today most of the bed of St. Georges Creek has been used by the route of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, which has effectively replaced it.

Originally, the default boundary of Delaware and Maryland was the vague height of land between the Delaware River and Chesapeake Bay drainage basins and St. Georges Hundred extended only to that point. With the running of the Mason–Dixon line in 1767, the western boundary of Delaware was established in its present location and became a portion of St. Georges Hundred's western boundary. The towns of Middletown and Odessa and the community of Port Penn are in St. Georges Hundred.

Development
St. Georges Hundred is rural and agricultural in places, but there has been considerable residential and commercial development in the 1980s and 1990s which continues to this day. This area is among the fastest growing parts of Delaware.

Geography
Important geographical features, in addition to the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, St. Georges Creek and Appoquinimink Creek, include the Delaware River, which forms its eastern boundary, St. Augustine Creek, Scotts Run, Drawyers Creek, Back Creek, and Reedy Island in the Delaware River. It is entirely in the coastal plain region on the Delmarva Peninsula.

Transportation
Important roads include portions of the Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway (Delaware Route 1), the DuPont Highway (U.S. Route 13), Levels Road, U.S. Route 301, Summit Bridge Road and Boyd's Corner Road (Delaware Route 896), Augustine Beach Road and Taylor's Bridge Road (Delaware Route 9). A portion of the old Delaware Railroad, subsequently the Delmarva branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad, now the Delmarva Central Railroad's Delmarva Subdivision, runs north–south through Middletown.

title: St. George's Hundred, Delaware


text: File:Nightwish-thesiren.jpg

title: File:Nightwish-thesiren.jpg