text:
R. Madhavan

Ranganathan Madhavan (born 1 June 1970) credited as R. Madhavan, informally known as Maddy, is an Indian actor and filmmaker who predominantly appears in Tamil and Hindi films. Over the course of his career, he has been a recipient of several accolades including one National Film Award, four Filmfare Awards South, two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and five SIIMA Awards. Currently, he serves as the President of Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune.

Madhavan gained recognition in Tamil cinema by starring in Mani Ratnam's romantic drama film Alai Payuthey (2000). He soon developed an image as a romantic hero with notable roles in two of the highest-grossing Tamil films of 2001, Gautham Vasudev Menon's directorial debut Minnale and Madras Talkies' Dumm Dumm Dumm. He had further box-office hits with films, such as Run (2002), Jay Jay (2003), Thambi (2006) and Rendu (2006) and gained praise for his performances in Kannathil Muthamittal (2002), Anbe Sivam (2003), Nala Damayanthi (2003) and Aayutha Ezhuthu (2004). In the mid-2000s, Madhavan also actively pursued a career in Hindi films, by appearing in supporting roles in three highly successful productions, Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra's Rang De Basanti (2006), Mani Ratnam's biopic Guru (2007) and Rajkumar Hirani's comedy 3 Idiots (2009), which went on to become the highest-grossing Indian film of all time at the time of its release. During this time, Madhavan also simultaneously continued working in Tamil cinema with the films Evano Oruvan (2007) and Yavarum Nalam (2009).

After appearing in further box office hits, Tanu Weds Manu (2011) and Vettai (2012), Madhavan took a break from acting. Returning after a three-year sabbatical in 2015, his comeback films, the romantic comedy-drama Tanu Weds Manu Returns (2015), the bilingual sports drama Irudhi Suttru (2016) and the crime film Vikram Vedha (2017) all opened to positive critical reception and emerged blockbusters at the box office. His portrayal of a boorish boxing coach in Irudhi Suttru fetched him Best Actor awards at the Filmfare, IIFA and SIIMA award ceremonies. Madhavan then worked on his first film as a director with Rocketry: The Nambi Effect (2022), a biopic on Indian rocket scientist Nambi Narayanan, which achieved universal acclaim. Among several accolades, the film notably won him the National Film Award for Best Feature Film as a director and as a producer. He received further praise for starring in the supernatural horror thriller Shaitaan in 2024.

In addition to his acting career, Madhavan has worked as a writer on his films, hosted television programs and has been a prominent celebrity endorser for brands and products. He has also worked as a film producer, first making Evano Oruvan with Leukos Films, before setting up Tricolour Films to produce Saala Khadoos (2016). Madhavan is noted for his philanthropic activities and promotes various causes such as environment, health, and education. He is particularly vocal about the protection of animals and was awarded PETA's Person of the Year recognition in 2011. In 2021, he was conferred the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters by D. Y. Patil Education Society, Kolhapur, for his contribution to arts and cinema.

Early life
Madhavan was born on 1 June 1970 in Jamshedpur, Bihar (now in Jharkhand), India, to a Tamil Brahmin family. His father, Ranganathan, was a management executive in Tata Steel and his mother, Saroja, was a manager in the Bank of India. His younger sister, Devika, is a software engineer. He had a Tamil-speaking upbringing in Jharkhand. Madhavan did his schooling from D.B.M.S. English School Jamshedpur.

In 1988, Madhavan gained a scholarship to represent India as a cultural ambassador from Rajaram College, Kolhapur and spent a year in Stettler, Alberta, Canada, as part of an exchange program with Rotary International. He returned to Kolhapur and completed his education, graduating with a BSc in Electronics. During his college years, Madhavan became actively involved in extra-curricular military training, and at 22, he was recognised as amongst the leading NCC cadets in Maharashtra, which allowed him to make a trip with seven others as NCC cadets to England. As a result of this opportunity, he received training with the British Army, the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force, which he had, at a point, considered joining. However he missed the age cut-off by six months and was subsequently unable to join the program. After he lost out on the place, he began teaching courses on public speaking and personality development skills in Kolhapur, and the satisfaction he gained through teaching, prompted him to pursue a post-graduation in public speaking at Kishinchand Chellaram College in Mumbai. During the period, he also won the Indian Championship for Public Speaking and subsequently represented India at the Young Businessmen Conference in Tokyo, Japan in 1992. During his stint in Mumbai, he opted to create a portfolio and submit it to a modelling agency in order to gain more income to set up an office.

1993-1998: Early career
Prior to his film career, Madhavan was spotted by a television executive while out walking in Lokhandwala in Mumbai, and was recruited to feature in Hindi television serials, appearing as a crook in his first venture Yule Love Story (1993). He appeared in leading roles in Zee TV's Banegi Apni Baat (1993) and Ghar Jamai, while he gained further popularity portraying the character of Shekhar in Saaya. He also went on to act as Lt. Shammi in Aarohan (The Ascent), as a ship's captain in Sea Hawks, as a convict in Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum and worked as a television anchor in Tol Mol Ke Bol amongst other television appearances. Madhavan appeared in a television series called A Mouthful of Sky in 1995, featuring in the role of an actor. He also appeared in an episode titled Virasat of the Hindi horror television show Aahat. His first appearance in a feature film role came through a small role in Is Raat Ki Subah Nahin (1996), where he portrayed a singer in a bar. In early 1996, Madhavan worked on a sandalwood talc advertisement directed by Santosh Sivan, who later recommended him to Mani Ratnam to take part in a screen test for a role in Iruvar (1997). Madhavan was auditioned for the leading role of Tamizhselvan amongst several other more established actors, but Mani Ratnam eventually left him out of the project citing that he thought his "eyes looked too young" for a senior role.

In 1997, Madhavan appeared in a supporting role as an Indian police officer in Fred Olen Ray's English film, Inferno, which was shot in India. His first chance in Indian cinema came in the form of Shanti Shanti Shanti (1998), a Kannada film, in which he appeared as a carefree youngster alongside actor Abbas. However, the film failed to make an impact and went unnoticed at the box office. During the period, Hindi film director Vinod Pandey launched Madhavan as a Bollywood hero, with a project titled Akeli, however the film was shelved before the production process had been completed.

1999–2001: Breakthrough
In 1999, leading Indian director Mani Ratnam selected Madhavan to feature in the leading role of his Tamil romantic drama, Alai Payuthey (2000) and the film's subsequent critical and commercial success proved to be a breakthrough for him. Portraying the character of Karthik Varadharajan, a young husband experiencing difficulties with his marriage. Madhavan revealed that he studied the technical aspects of film-making from the director and learned the entire script of the film, irrespective of whether he was in the scene or not. He became the first debutant actor to be cast by Mani Ratnam in the lead role of a film, and revealed that when he found out that he was set to work with the director he was overcome with a "mixture of excitement, awe, fear and ambition". Featuring alongside actress Shalini, Madhavan's performance was well received by critics and the film's success led to it becoming a cult film. A critic from The Hindu described that Madhavan "sails through the litmus test with ease", whilst another review cited that Madhavan was a "promising debutant" into the film industry. His performance in the film earned him the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – South, in addition to his first nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil. After the success of his first Tamil film, the producers of his previous Kannada film, Shanti Shanti Shanti, dubbed the film into Tamil and released it as Relax, to capitalise on Madhavan's new-found success. Madhavan's next film, Ennavale (2000), garnered mixed reviews although Madhavan's portrayal was praised as the "mainstay" of the film, with claims that the film for him was a "merely a prosaic exercise".

Madhavan's first release of 2001, Gautham Vasudev Menon's directorial debut Minnale, opened to critical acclaim and commercial success. Featuring a popular soundtrack by Harris Jayaraj and marketed as a Valentine's Day release, Minnale further built on the actor's image as a romantic hero and was later listed as a classic romantic film from the Tamil film industry. He then collaborated with Mani Ratnam for the second time by appearing in the director's production venture, the romantic comedy Dumm Dumm Dumm (2001), alongside Jyothika. Appearing as an unhappy groom trying to halt his wedding, the film received positive reviews and emerged as a commercial success, with Madhavan establishing himself as a bankable actor in South India. Madhavan then again appeared as a husband in a tumultuous marriage in Parthale Paravasam (2001), the hundredth venture of veteran director K. Balachander. Despite featuring amongst an ensemble cast and being highly anticipated prior to release, the film failed at the box-office, with critics citing that Madhavan looked "rather bored" with the proceedings. Similarly his first lead role in a Hindi film, Rehna Hai Tere Dil Mein (2001), a remake of his Minnale in which he reprised the same role for the remake, was also unsuccessful at the box office, with the film and Madhavan's performance receiving mixed reviews. However, the film later gained popularity through screenings on television and subsequently developed a cult following amongst young audiences.

2002–2004: Critical acclaim
In 2002, Madhavan played the role of a novelist in Mani Ratnam's Kannathil Muthamittal alongside actresses Keerthana, Simran and Nandita Das. In the film, he was shown as the role of the father of an adopted child, who wishes to return to her native homeland amidst the Sri Lankan civil war. The film received widespread critical acclaim and went on to win six National Awards as well as over ten awards at various International Film Festivals. Madhavan received critical acclaim for his portrayal with a critic citing "he lived the role of the character he portrays", with the film seeing him move away from the romantic hero image for the first time into a more serious, performance-oriented role. The good performance of the film internationally also helped him develop an overseas market for his films. He earned his second nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil for his performance in the film. Madhavan's next success came with Run, a film recognised for its screenplay, with Madhavan appearing in an action film for the first time in his career. In regard to his performance, The Hindu's critic noted "he manages to portray action with élan in Run and actually looks fit and comfortable in the role", with the film helping him make a breakthrough as an action hero. Despite another unsuccessful Hindi venture with the musical, Dil Vil Pyar Vyar (2002), the success of his previous films helped him secure the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor for 2002, being jointly recognised for both films.

Madhavan was cast alongside Kamal Haasan in Anbe Sivam (2003), which told the story of an unexpected journey from Bhubaneswar to Chennai of two men who are polar opposites of each other. Madhavan revealed his elation at working with an experienced actor like Kamal Haasan, while noting that a human drama film like Anbe Sivam was important for his career as an actor as it came after a successful masala film in Run. Portraying a young frustrated filmmaker with capitalistic beliefs who travels with a handicapped communist played by Kamal Haasan, Madhavan's performance was described as a "milestone in his career" and that "his portrayal will remain with the viewer for long" by a critic from The Hindu. The film opened in January 2003 to positive reviews, and emerged as a surprise box-office failure. Post-release, the film has garnered critical acclaim from critics and television audiences and is considered one of the "cult classics" of Tamil cinema. Film critic Baradwaj Rangan wrote that the film "was leagues ahead of the average Tamil and Indian film", though felt that "the masses were unwilling to accept the experimental nature of the film", while talking about the film's box office failure. Post-filming, Kamal Haasan revealed that he was impressed with Madhavan's enthusiasm and concentration during the making of the film and thus subsequently signed him on to appear in his production venture, Nala Damayanthi (2003), where he played a Brahmin cook lost in Australia. In 2003, the actor also appeared in Vikraman's family drama Priyamana Thozhi as a budding cricketer, Saran's romantic comedy Jay Jay and made a guest appearance in Priyadarshan's Lesa Lesa as a jailed teacher. The three films made average returns at the box office, though Madhavan's performances were appreciated by critics.

Madhavan played an imposter gangster in K. S. Ravikumar's comedy Aethiree (2004) before being selected to feature in his fourth Mani Ratnam production, Aaytha Ezhuthu (2004), which featured him in an ensemble cast including Suriya, Siddharth, Meera Jasmine, Esha Deol and Trisha. Madhavan portrayed the character of Inba Sekhar, a hitman living in the slums of Chennai, whose path crosses with the characters portrayed by Suriya and Siddharth. His role also featured him in a struggling marriage, where his wife desperately tries to claw him away from his profession. Madhavan bulked up and sported a shaven look for the first time in his career to resemble the character of a ruffian and shot for the film through the sync sound technique. He received widespread praise for his depiction, with Baradwaj Rangan of The Hindu claiming that Madhavan outplayed Abhishek Bachchan's interpretation of the character in the Hindi version of the bilingual, Yuva. Madhavan went on to win the Filmfare Award for the Best Tamil Supporting Actor, whilst another critic from The Hindu cited that he "sparkles as an anti-hero" and that the "character ought to find a very special place in his repertoire". Similarly, a critic from Indiaglitz.com stated "Madhavan's daring decision to play a negative character, who gets beaten up black and blue at the end, putting his 'hero' image in peril, has paid off, as he walks away with top honours", while a reviewer from Sify.com labelled him as "terrific". In late 2004, Madhavan worked on Rajiv Anchal's English-Malayalam crossover film Nothing But Life (2005) and completed his work in a single schedule across Las Vegas and Albuquerque. Portraying an orphaned youth with suicidal tendencies being treated by a Malayali psychiatrist in the US, the film and his portrayal opened to mixed reviews.

2005–2008: Increased work in Hindi films
Madhavan appeared in another marriage drama film, Priyasakhi (2005) co-starring Sadha – with the pair playing an estranged husband and wife. The film received praise for the lead pair's performances with Madhavan being praised as "top class", while it also became the first Tamil film to be dubbed into Zulu.

From 2005 onwards, Madhavan increased his work in Hindi films and starred and wrote the Hindi dialogues for the comedy Ramji Londonwaley (2005), a remake of his earlier film Nala Damayanthi. Critics described his performance as "a master-stroke", though the film fared averagely at the box office due to the release of other big budget films during the period. He experienced box office success in Hindi films for the first time through his role in Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra's Rang De Basanti (2006). Featuring in an ensemble cast led by Aamir Khan, Madhavan essayed the guest role of Ajay Singh Rathod, a flight lieutenant, whose death triggers a revolutionary movement against corruption. The film was subsequently nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 2006 BAFTA Awards, while it was also chosen as India's official entry for the Golden Globe Awards and the Academy Awards for the Best Foreign Language Film category. Madhavan then collaborated with Mani Ratnam for the fifth time in the biopic Guru (2007), co-starring Abhishek Bachchan, Aishwarya Rai and Vidya Balan. His role of Shyam Saxena was inspired from the life of real-life journalist S. Gurumurthy, who was a challenger to the business tycoon, Dhirubhai Ambani, whose life drew allusions with Bachchan's role. The film became a blockbuster and also received critical acclaim, with a reviewer citing that Madhavan acts with "extreme, believable sincerity" dubbing him as "truly a poster boy for India", whilst another claimed he performed "a weak role with élan".

His Tamil film, Thambi (2006) directed by Seeman, had a delayed release but became a profitable venture in town and village centres. Madhavan's portrayal of a rustic do-gooder, received positive reviews from critics though a reviewer from The Hindu claimed the actor was "unable to shed off his classy looks". He then appeared in Sundar C's comedy film Rendu (2006), where he played dual roles for the first time and in the long-delayed romantic comedy Aarya (2007), appearing as a medical student. Madhavan wrote the dialogues, produced and featured in the lead role in Nishikanth Kamat's Evano Oruvan (2007), playing a middle class bank employee who becomes so disgusted with the corruption he faces in his day-to-day life that he becomes a vigilante. After setting up a production studio, Leukos Films, he helped promote the film in international film festivals before the theatrical release in December 2007. Critics called the film a "must watch" and a reviewer from The Hindu stated that the film was "Madhavan's best performance to date", while he also went on to win the ITFA Best Actor Award for his depiction. However Evano Oruvan and his subsequent release, Seeman's Vaazhthukal (2008) did not perform well at the box office, while another completed film titled Naan Aval Adhu failed to have a theatrical release. Madhavan's final release of the year was the docudrama Mumbai Meri Jaan, based upon the 2006 Mumbai Bombings. The film, which featured him alongside Soha Ali Khan, Irrfan Khan and Kay Kay Menon became critically acclaimed with Madhavan's portrayal of a man with a post-traumatic stress disorder being appreciated by reviewers.

2009–2014: Further success and sabbatical
Madhavan won positive acclaim for playing the lead role in Vikram Kumar's horror film, Yavarum Nalam (2009). The film, which became a commercial and critical success, prompted a reviewer from the Times of India to suggest "he carried the film on his shoulders" while he was also nominated in the Best Actor category at the Vijay Awards. His following two films, the romantic comedy Guru En Aalu (2009) and the action film Sikandar (2009) in which he played a supporting role of an army officer, both fetched mixed reviews. Madhavan then starred in Rajkumar Hirani's comedy film, 3 Idiots (2009), alongside Aamir Khan and Sharman Joshi. Upon release, the film received widespread critical acclaim and went on to become the highest-grossing Indian film of all time at the time of its release. Madhavan's portrayal as a young engineer with a passion for photography earned him nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor and the IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor. Film critic Taran Adarsh from Bollywood Hungama described the actor's performance as "incredible", while Madhavan claimed that the film changed how he was viewed as an actor in Hindi films for the better. He later turned down an offer of reprising the same role in the Tamil remake of the film helmed by Shankar. In 2010, Madhavan appeared alongside actors Amitabh Bachchan and Ben Kingsley in Teen Patti (2010) as a young professor, with Adarsh again rating his performance as "excellent", but the film failed at the box office. His two guest appearances in the year also received mixed feedback with his performance in the Telugu anthology film Om Shanti (2010) being praised, whilst a role in the John Abraham-starrer Jhootha Hi Sahi (2010) drew him criticism. Madhavan then collaborated again with Kamal Haasan and K. S. Ravikumar in the romantic comedy, Manmadan Ambu (2010), playing a wealthy businessman who hires a spy to follow his actress girlfriend on a European cruise tour. The film opened to positive reviews with Madhavan's performance being described by Rediff.com as "excellent", while Sify.com labelled him the "scene-stealer".

His only release in 2011 was the romantic comedy-drama Tanu Weds Manu alongside Kangana Ranaut, which saw him play the role of a sensible doctor hoping to get an arranged marriage with a girl, who has a dramatically diverse personality to him. Prior to release, the film's promotional campaign created anticipation and upon release, the film proved to be a major success at the box office. Madhavan's portrayal of Manoj Kumar Sharma a.k.a. Manu won positive acclaim, with a reviewer citing that his performance was "real, restrained, yet forceful" and another claiming he was "perfectly cast". Madhavan next appeared as a police officer in Linguswamy's Tamil film Vettai (2012), an action entertainer featuring an ensemble cast of Arya, Amala Paul and Sameera Reddy. The film opened to positive reviews in January 2012 and went on to become a commercial success, with critics praising Madhavan's decision to accept the role of a timid cop, while a critic noted that he had "an uncanny talent for comedy". He then featured in Jodi Breakers (2012), a Hindi romantic comedy film shot in Greece alongside Bipasha Basu, though the film did not perform well commercially.

In 2012, Madhavan took a sabbatical and was based in Chicago resting his knee, which he injured during the making of Vettai, causing him to suffer from chondromalacia patellae. During the period, he felt he had to "reinvent himself" and had to work on films which would appeal to the "new generation of audiences", so took a decision to work on a single film at a time. During a period of three years without any theatrical releases, his long-delayed Hindi film Taak Jhaank directed by Rituparno Ghosh in 2006, premièred at the 19th Kolkata International Film Festival in 2013, while his first Hindi film Akeli, shot in 1997, was released online during the following year. During his recovery period and sabbatical in 2013, Madhavan signed on to appear in Simon West's Night of the Living Dead: Darkest Dawn, in which he appeared as a former marine personnel and shot for the project in California. The animated film, where Madhavan provided voice work, premièred in San Diego during July 2015.

2015–present: Comeback
Madhavan's first theatrical release after his sabbatical was Anand L. Rai's Tanu Weds Manu Returns, a sequel to the 2011 film, which released in May 2015. Prior to the film's release, Madhavan stated that the "content of the film was more important than the stars" and acknowledged that the popularity of Kangana Ranaut would help the film gain a good opening at the box office. Reprising his role as Manu, Madhavan won acclaim for his restrained performance and the film went on to become a critical and commercial success. The critic from Bollywood Hungama wrote "Madhavan excels in his role despite it being a restrained one, which was anyways the call of his character" and added "he is very endearing who never tries to overshadow anyone and emerges a winner", while Sify.com stated he gives a "subtle and restrained performance". Tanu Weds Manu Returns earned inr 2430000000 worldwide at the end of its theatrical run, to become one of the highest-grossing Bollywood films in 2015.

During his sabbatical, Madhavan also worked extensively on the pre-production of the bilingual sports film, Irudhi Suttru (2016) directed by Sudha Kongara. After being impressed with Sudha's script, he helped find the project producers in Tamil and chose to produce the film in Hindi alongside S. Sashikanth and Rajkumar Hirani. Madhavan also met and convinced mixed martial artist Ritika Singh to act in the film after contacting her through Raj Kundra, while he was also credited for contributing as an additional screenplay writer. He also went through a body conditioning regime in Los Angeles prior to joining the film's set and learnt boxing to essay the role of a former boxer. For dubbing purposes, Madhavan wore metal braces inside his teeth, to create the effect of having a lisp that most boxers have from sporting injuries. Madhavan won praise for his work during the marketing campaign, having travelled throughout Tamil Nadu to promote the film, with The Hindu stating it was "unlike other film promotions in the South". For Irudhi Suttru, Madhavan received widespread critical acclaim for his portrayal with Sify.com stating "he is outstanding and carries the proverbial burden of the project on his shoulder". A critic from The Hindu stated that he was "quietly effective", while a reviewer from Behindwoods.com wrote that Madhavan gives his "career-best performance" and is "excellent" at depicting his "characterization from being subtle to being outright effervescent". His performance in the film earned him the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil. His portrayal in the Hindi version, Saala Khadoos, received similar praise with critic Subhash K. Jha stating "this is Madhavan's career-defining performance, he sinks so deep into his role both physically and emotionally, that the actor becomes one with the act".

He next featured in Vikram Vedha (2017), an action thriller film directed by duo Pushkar-Gayathri and produced by Sashikanth. Telling the tale of an encounter cop and his pursuit of a gangster played by Vijay Sethupathi, Pushkar-Gayathri scripted the film with inspiration from the Vikramathithan Vedhalam folk tale, with the characterisation of both lead roles derived from that plot. For his role, Madhavan underwent arms training and met people involved with the police and defence forces. Vikram Vedha opened in July 2017 to widespread critical acclaim from the media and industry personnel. Madhavan's performance was widely appreciated by film critics, who described him as "stylish and serious" and "whole-hearted", while Sify.com's reviewer wrote it is a "treat to watch two intense performers Madhavan and Vijay Sethupathi majestically own the screen together". The film also became Madhavan's biggest commercial success in Tamil films, with trade pundits classifying the film as a blockbuster. The film earned Madhavan the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Tamil, in addition to his fourth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil, which he lost to his co-star Vijay Sethupathi.

Madhavan next worked on a web series for Amazon titled Breathe, which was released in January 2018. Madhavan later revealed that he was initially sceptical of the web series format, but was "totally blown away" by the script of the series and decided to accept to work on the project, despite his commitments for the shoot of Vikram Vedha. For Breathe, Madhavan studied his own experience as a father besides researching the complexities surrounding organ donation. In the series, he played Danny Mascarenhas, a soccer coach and the father of a young boy with cystic fibrosis, who will die in six months unless he has a lung transplant. Madhavan received positive reviews for his portrayal, with film critic Subhash K. Jha writing "As Danny, Madhavan expresses grief, rage, frustration, guilt, repentance and self-destruction with measured excellence" and that "this is a showcase for an actor at the peak of his power" and "boy, does Madhavan embrace the opportunity". Similarly, a critic from the New Indian Express wrote "Madhavan is in form in a potentially compelling thriller", and a reviewer from the International Business Times wrote he "shows a range of emotions" in "a smooth, beautiful way".

His first full-length role in a Telugu film was through Savyasachi (2018), where he portrayed the antagonist in a cast headlined by Naga Chaitanya. Despite the film's average response at the box office, Madhavan won positive reviews for his performance, with a critic noting his "impressive performance" was the "saving grace of the film". Following an extended guest appearance in the Hindi film Zero (2018) alongside Shahrukh Khan and Anushka Sharma, Madhavan appeared in the bilingual thriller film Nishabdham, which was shot entirely in Seattle. The film began as a silent film, before the makers chose to insert dialogue and create Tamil and Telugu versions. In 2021, he played the title role in Maara (2021), garnering positive reviews for his portrayal of a vagabond artist from Kochi.

Between 2017 and 2022, Madhavan worked on his first film as a director, Rocketry: The Nambi Effect (2022), a biopic on Indian rocket scientist Nambi Narayanan. Alongside his directorial, screenwriting and acting credits, Madhavan also served as one of the producers of the project. During the pre-production phase, Madhavan referred to the project as his "biggest film ever" and stated that he had worked silently on the script of the film for a period of two years after becoming intrigued by hearing the tale of Narayanan's false espionage charge. In order to develop the script, Madhavan regularly met with Narayanan to discuss the scientist's life experiences. As a result of their conversations, Madhavan altered his original script to include portions from Narayanan's entire career and his services to the Indian space programme, rather than just matters related to the espionage case and his 1994 arrest. The film was shot as a biilingual venture, with scenes simultaneously filmed in the Hindi and Tamil while scenes set outside India were shot in English. The film premiered at the Marché du Film section of the 2022 Cannes Film Festival in France in May 2022, and had a theatrical release two months later. The film received positive reviews from critics. Devesh Sharma of Filmfare wrote "Madhavan carries the film on his shoulders" and that "he lives and breathes the character, getting the nuances right", adding "it"s not easy being both the lead actor and the director but Madhavan achieves the desired trajectory on both fronts". Meanwhile, Ronak Kotecha noted "Rocketry takes off well, hits some turbulence on the way, but eventually soars high with real characters and moving moments that make it worth your while". The film subsequently won Madhavan several awards during the following year, including the National Film Award for Best Feature Film as director, the IIFA Award for Best Director and SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actor.

Madhavan has several projects in the production phase. He will portray the lead role in S. Sashikanth's directorial debut Test, a sports drama co-starring Nayanthara and Siddharth. He has also committed to feature in two films produced by Mediaone Global Entertainment, a family drama shot in London by Mithran R. Jawahar and a biopic of Indian engineer Gopalswamy Doraiswamy Naidu by Krishnakumar Ramakumar. Madhavan has also shot for the Hindi films Black Magic, Amriki Pandit and Hisaab Barabar, and the series The Railway Men. He is also attached to feature in the lead role of Rajesh Touchriver's biopic of Chempakaraman Pillai, a supporting role in Karan Singh Tyagi's biopic of C. Sankaran Nair, and Swati Singha's science-fiction film, G.

Film and television work
Madhavan was first credited as a part of the technical crew for his work in Ramji Londonwaley, an adaptation of his Tamil film Nala Damayanthi. Apart from portraying the lead role, Madhavan worked on the film as a dialogue writer and played an active role in determining the crew of the movie. In October 2007, Madhavan founded the production company, Leukos Films, and consequently bought the rights of his film, Evano Oruvan, from producers Abbas–Mustan and K. Sera Sera. Securing sponsorship deals with HSBC and Santoor, Madhavan premièred the film across North America and the Middle East before its Indian theatrical release, with the promotion method being used for the first time in Tamil cinema. However, since the relative box office failure of the project, Madhavan downplayed future involvement in production ventures. The film, which Madhavan referred to as a "part of his life" during 2007, also saw him write the dialogues for the film along with Seeman by translating lines from the project's original version in the Marathi language. Madhavan then chose to become actively involved in the production of his 2016 bilingual films, Irudhi Suttru in Tamil and Saala Khadoos in Hindi, to ensure the film completed filming and had a theatrical release. Impressed by the strength of Sudha Kongara's script for the Tamil film, Madhavan felt that the story had pan-Indian appeal and took the film's script to Rajkumar Hirani, who agreed to produce and supervise work on the film's Hindi version. Madhavan co-produced the Hindi version of the film through his new production house, Tricolor Films, while leading the film's pan-Indian marketing campaign. The actor also helped finalise the film's lead actress, Ritika Singh, and was also credited as an additional screenplay writer in the films.

Madhavan has appeared as host for television programs on Hindi channels, while he has also been a host at film award functions. During his television career in the 1990s, Madhavan first worked as a host on Tol Mol Ke Bol. He was announced as the host of Sony Entertainment Television's Deal Ya No Deal, the Indian version of the American game show Deal or No Deal, in October 2005. However, Madhavan quit as the lead anchor of the show in January 2006 claiming he was unhappy with the way the shoot schedules were handled by the production house. According to the actor, when he took on the show, he had made it clear that he would continue with his South Indian film assignments, and as the show was being filmed in Mumbai, he had found it hard to keep travelling throughout India from Chennai to film the ten days a month he had signed up for. Madhavan added that he was restricted by the producers to spend one day rehearsing technically, which left him with fatigue. Mandira Bedi subsequently replaced Madhavan as the anchor in February for Series 2 of the game show. In June 2010, Madhavan made a comeback to the game show format by accepting a contract with Imagine TV's Big Money show, signing on to host a single season, and then hosted an episode of the crime show Savdhaan India in January 2016. Furthermore, he has been a guest judge in the Indian television show, Fame Gurukul. In 2016, Madhavan stated that he would only take part in television commitments for money, while he does not consider his payment when signing on to appear in films. Madhavan has also hosted live events, notably the National Film Awards in 2013 with Huma Qureshi. He was also the host of the 55th Filmfare Awards South in Chennai in 2008 and then also the Vijay Awards in 2013.

Brand ambassador
Madhavan is amongst the leading brand ambassadors for products in India. His early work involved advertisements for brands including Bajaj, Ponds, Fair & Lovely and TVS, before signing a major endorsing deal with Pepsi and marketing company, IMG. In 2007, Madhavan endorsed UniverCell, a multi-brand mobile phone retail chain owned by UniverCell Telecommunications India Pvt Ltd. Madhavan signed a contract with the mobile phone network, Airtel for promotions in South India before being promoted as the pan-Indian ambassador for the brand a year later. His advertisements with Vidya Balan for Airtel won critical acclaim, and brought in film offers for the pair to feature together. In June 2010, marketers from Arun Excello promoted a housing project in Oragadam, Chennai in a similar fashion to the release of a new film featuring Madhavan. With film-inspired posters and billboards put up around Chennai, the advertisement campaign attracted huge curiosity and the project became a success. His long-term work with jewellery brand, Joy Alukkas, led to the company creating life size wax models of him to place in their showrooms from January 2011. Maruti Suzuki, for whom Madhavan is the brand ambassador, launched a special edition of the Suzuki Wagon R car calling it the Madhavan Signature Edition in September 2013. In 2015, online market place Snapdeal signed on Aamir Khan and Madhavan to be the company's ambassadors, with Snapdeal attempting to use Madhavan's popularity in South India to marker their services.

Humanitarian causes
Madhavan, who is a vegetarian, promotes vegetarianism and is an active member of PETA. Since joining PETA after starring in his first film, he has appeared voluntarily in several advertisements and released an E-Card for the brand. In July 2006, Madhavan was voted the "cutest male vegetarian" by an online poll conducted by the PETA, while Kareena Kapoor won the female award respectively. In turn he cited that his success in the competition was due to his "healthy vegetarian diet". In October 2010, he wrote a letter to the CEO of Kentucky Fried Chicken, on behalf of PETA, urging them to stop mistreatment of birds by the fast-food industry outlets and the killing of animals. He requested the boycott of KFC in India over animal welfare and conditions and was joined by Raveena Tandon and Rakhi Sawant in supporting the work of PETA in India. In addition, Madhavan was named PETA India's 2012 "Person Of The Year", while his son won PETA India's "Compassionate Kid award" in December 2014.

Madhavan has lent his support for the Chennai-based charity, The Banyan, and appeared in the charity musical Netru, Indru, Naalai directed by Mani Ratnam for the cause. He appeared as a guest cook and newly launched restaurant in Chennai and cooked dosas for auction for the charity, helping raise forty five thousand rupees. He has been a part of an AIDS awareness programme initiated by Richard Gere in India and helped advertise the A Time for Heroes campaign appearing in a short film. Similarly Madhavan featured in a four-minute film produced by Agaram Foundation, Herova? Zerova?, campaigning for educational awareness alongside Suriya, Vijay and Jyothika. In 2010, along with his cast and crew from 3 Idiots, he helped raise Rs. 2.5 million for the renovation of the school in Leh, which was damaged by flash floods. Madhavan laid bricks and tiles at the London Business School in July 2011, building a symbolic house to represent the 100,000 houses that will be built in India by 2015 as a part of Habitat for Humanity's campaign to improve substandard houses in India. During the 2015 South Indian floods, Madhavan worked alongside other Indian actors in coordinating the relief efforts. In 2016, Lepra India signed him to work as a goodwill ambassador in helping promote action against leprosy.

In the media
Madhavan is one of the few actors in India who garners pan-Indian appeal, with his success in establishing himself in the North and the South Indian film industries, seeing him receive multiple offers as a brand ambassador. Furthermore, it has led to producers offering him lead roles in bilingual films such as the English-Malayalam crossover film Nothing But Life and the Hindi-Tamil projects, Yavarum Nalam and Irudhi Suttru. Moreover, most of his Tamil films are dubbed into Telugu, where he has created a box office market without appearing in a single straight Telugu film as a lead actor (during the 2000s). Madhavan holds a significant female fan following, which developed after his romantic roles in Alai Payuthey and Minnale. Madhavan has also been active in keeping in contact with fans, maintaining a fan email account, a Facebook fan page and a Twitter account as well as being one of the first actors of Tamil films to turn blogger with entries in the year 2000.

He has appeared at functions as a special guest, and has enjoyed particularly close links with technology company, Sify, whom he signed on as his media partner for all his future releases after expressing satisfaction at the website they created for Rendu. Madhavan sat amongst a six-man jury for the selection of CNN-IBN Indian of the Year 2006. He inaugurated the Chennai International Film Festival in 2007, taking the opportunity to deliver a message on preserving the environment.

A gaming company, Paradox Studios Limited, launched a new game compatible with mobile phones in July 2006, with Madhavan as the lead character. The company released two mobile game titles featuring Madhavan as their lead character. The first of the two games, Madhavan's MIG, featured the actor reprising his role of a pilot from Rang De Basanti. In the other game titled Madhavan, the player had to help the actor get to the première of his latest movie evading the paparazzi. In 2007, prominent entrepreneur N. R. Narayana Murthy requested Madhavan to be his interviewer at the India-Singapore Exposition and Madhavan went on to claim that the experience was "unforgettable" as Murthy was an idol to him. Madhavan has attended conferences as a motivational speaker, talking about issues including situational awareness and confidence, with a speech delivered at Damodaran Academy of Management, Coimbatore going viral online. Madhavan also took part and delivered speeches as a part of the annual India Conference at Harvard University during 2017.

Personal life
After completing the degree, he went on to teach communication and public speaking at workshops around India. At the Maharashtra workshop, he encountered his wife Sarita Birje for the first time in 1991, when she attended his class on the recommendation of her cousins. Sarita was able to use the skills she had learned from Madhavan's classes to pass an interview to become an air hostess and after completing the course, the pair began dating. They married in 1999, before Madhavan entered mainstream films. The pair's marriage has been covered by the media, with Madhavan citing that advice from his mentor Mani Ratnam was useful. Sarita has worked as a costume designer in a few of Madhavan's films, most notably for Guru En Aalu (2009), when she worked along with Erum Ali, the wife of Madhavan's co-star, Abbas, for their respective husbands. Their son, Vedaant, was born on 21 August 2005, which eventually led to relocating to the boat-club area in Chennai from Kilpauk, where Madhavan's parents lived with him as well as his parents-in-law. In 2009, Madhavan relocated to Kandivali, Mumbai, with his wife and son, as he pursued a career in Hindi films ahead of films in the South Indian industries.

Madhavan has maintained close links with fellow actors and has described actor Suriya as his best friend in the film industry. The actor also is close friends with actresses Shilpa Shetty and Bipasha Basu, as well as actors Aamir Khan and Abhishek Bachchan. He is closely associated with actor Kamal Haasan, after their appearance together in Anbe Sivam, and has revealed that he considers the actor as his inspiration. He has also collaborated multiple times with directors Mani Ratnam, Rajkumar Hirani and Aanand Rai, citing that the film makers "understand him well" and share a good "comfort level". He has also helped out actresses Reemma Sen, Sadha and Nisha Kothari by signing them on for roles in his films, when they were going through a barren spell.

Madhavan announced a sabbatical from films in late 2010 citing he would take the time off to visit London, lose weight, play golf, take treatment for his knee injury and spend time with family. Though he kept away from starting new projects, during the period he was involved in the promotional activity of two of his releases, Manmadan Ambu and Tanu Weds Manu. He later made a comeback, earlier than anticipated, after director Linguswamy convinced him to work on Vettai. The actor later took an extended sabbatical from 2012 onwards to work on his fitness and get into shape for his role as a retired boxer in Irudhi Suttru. Madhavan is a keen golf player, having played for pleasure alongside actor Amitabh Bachchan and director Mani Ratnam, while also appearing in a celebrity charity event in 2007. In 2017, he won the qualification round of the Mumbai leg of the Mercedes Trophy golf meet and subsequently qualified for the National Finals. He also made an appearance for Chennai Rhinos in the 2011 Celebrity Cricket League, playing against Karnataka Bulldozers. His experiences flying Cessna planes when he was with National Cadet Corps, also led to a passion for aero-modelling, with the actor stating it "justified his decision" to pursue a degree in electronics.

Awards

 * 2000: Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – South for Alai Payuthey
 * 2002: Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor for Run, Kannathil Muthamittal & Anbe Sivam
 * 2003: ITFA Best Supporting Actor Award for Anbe Sivam
 * 2004: Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor - Tamil for Aaytha Ezhuthu
 * 2015: Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor for Irudhi Suttru
 * 2016: Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil for Irudhi Suttru
 * 2016: SIIMA Award for Best Actor (Critics) – Tamil for Irudhi Suttru
 * 2016: IIFA Utsavam Award for Best Actor – Tamil for Irudhi Suttru
 * 2017: Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Tamil for Vikram Vedha
 * 2017: SIIMA Award for Best Actor – Tamil for Vikram Vedha
 * 2017: Norway Tamil Film Festival Award for Best Actor for Vikram Vedha
 * 2022: National Film Award for Best Feature Film for Rocketry: The Nambi Effect
 * 2022: IIFA Award for Best Director for Rocketry: The Nambi Effect

title: R. Madhavan


text:
Pellenz (Verbandsgemeinde)

Pellenz is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated north-east of Mayen, and south of Andernach. The seat of the municipality was in Andernach, which was not part of the municipality itself and is now in Plaidt since 2017.

The Verbandsgemeinde Pellenz consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

 * 1) Kretz
 * 2) Kruft
 * 3) Nickenich
 * 4) Plaidt
 * 5) Saffig

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pellenz (Verbandsgemeinde)


text:
Talk:Godalming

Electric lighting

 * "Godalming came to world attention in 1881, when it became the first town in the United Kingdom to install a public supply of electricity, and the first in the world to boast electric street lighting, driven by a dynamo at Westbrook watermill."

A claim also made by Cockermouth. Cutler 07:49, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Have done some quick internet research and can find many references to Godalming's claim and none for Cockermouth. Does anyone have any evidence for this? Jon C

 * The Godalming generating station definitely deserves its own article if its priority can be verified. See Pearl Street Station. What is the source for the Godalming claim of priority, what date did it go in service, supplying how much electricity, and how long did it operate? This is too important a bit of history to stand without a verifiable and reliable citation.  says "But the initial supply to Godalming was only 30 incandescent lamps and three arc lights, and didn't last long." Thanks. Edison 21:01, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Here is a relevant link at the Goldaming Museum's website- . --Sean Brunnock 21:42, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Edison had public demonstrated "dozens" of his electric lights around Menlo Park, New Jersey in the week following Christmas, 1879. "Edison, a biography," by Matthew Josephson, McGraw Hill, 1959.pp 224-227). The S.S. Columbia was lit with 4 generators and 115 lamps in May 1880. (Josephson, pg 237). A half-mile square area of Menlo Park was wired in 1880  in a test of the underground distribution to be used in New York City, and portions were lit in November 1880. The whole system, with a 120 HP engine and 425 incandescent lamps was fired up January 28, 1881 for at least 12 hours as a demonstration and test of operating efficiency.(Josephson, p247) Would that not precede the illumination of Godalming? Godalming has a definite place in electric utility history. Others had operated arc lights, but the dozens of Swan incandescent bulbs around town deserve some recognition. I'm just not convinced it had that great an impact on the electric utility industry, because of the small scale and reported short operating life. There is no indication that the bulbs, generation, and distribution methods  used there had the potential to be scaled up much or that they influenced subsequent central station construction. Holborn Viaduct and Pearl Street seem to be more notable  as models for the development of the industry. But I do want to see an article on Godalming. A map of the area powered and more stats are needed, and public domain or licensed illustrations. Thanks.
 * {http://www.electricity.gg/about/companyhistory/daysofelectricpower.asp} says the Godalming generation was shut down in May, 1884, and totalled 15 kw. I would love to find primary sources. Edison 22:16, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

The whole question of firsts needs to be resolved and Godalming combined both public and private lighting in one undertaking and the reasom why Godalming is recorded as the first is that electricity was available to local consumers. Historically a date of 26th September 1881 is recorded when supply was given, this pre dates the Edison Holborn Viaduct supply of January 1882 (which pre dates his Pearl Street station of September 1882), and the Hammond Brighton supply of February 1882. I have a lot of information about Godalming, Edisons Holborn Viaduct and Hammonds Brighton. Aquizard 16:15, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

Position of perperpot pic
There is a suggestion that we move the peperpot pic to the top right of the article ... what does anyone think? Personnally I like it where it is on the top left. Abtract 22:45, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Godalming coat of arms.jpg
Image:Godalming coat of arms.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 03:24, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Frith Hill
The converted water tower, I believe is elsewhere. Evidence needed for Frith Hill location. SovalValtos (talk) 23:26, 20 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Frith Hill Area of Special Environmental Quality is in Godalming. The Water Tower is in Godalming. See here: Water Tower--Samesawed (talk) 12:59, 24 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Samesawed The tower converted by Elspeth Beard is at Munstead in Busbridge parish so off topic for this article. There is nothing sourced that the Frith Hill tower in Godalming is converted.SovalValtos (talk) 18:39, 24 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I found this image in Commons of the Frith Hill converted tower Converted Water Tower, Frith Hill, Godalming - geograph.org.uk - 149409.jpg. Reliable sources should not be hard to find.SovalValtos (talk) 18:53, 24 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Quick check on Google street view, that tower is on the corner of Frith Hill Road and Knoll Road, Godalming. Viewd from Knoll Road.  Listed building Converted by Ron & Nicola Edge  Murgatroyd49 (talk) 19:22, 24 January 2022 (UTC)

Enton Hall
In the edit summary for this edit User:Cladeal832 maintains that "Enton Hall is part of present-day Godalming and tons of sources have it's address as Godalming". It may be that a postal system uses Godalming as part of their address for Enton Hall but that does not mean it is in Godalming. In fact there are many settlements that use the post town Godalming as part of their address. It would be interesting to see one of the 'tons of sources' that is actually a WP:RS that discuss its location and state that it is in Godalming rather than Witley. The Ordnance Survey in their Election Maps show it as being in Witley Civil Parish.SovalValtos (talk) 14:36, 16 April 2021 (UTC)
 * So you admit the postal address is Godalming. Unsure what's more to show. Why are Election Maps valid and postal addresses are invalid? Seems like an odd standard. Enton Hall, which doesn't have its own article, is in a rural area so it's always going to get referred to as near a town whether it's Witley or Godalming. As to RS, I'll just differ to the one cited in the article which has Godalming [since also trying to avoid OR] and Google Maps has it as Godalming too. Plenty of source show it as near Godalming. As a possible compromise, you can also add it to the article on Witley as well.
 * https://www.struttandparker.com/application/files/4714/6543/4578/GFD150090.pdf
 * https:/books.google.com/books?id=uariyzldrJwC&pg=PA303&lpg=PA303&dq=enton+hall+godalming+ian+fleming&source=bl&ots=W78XioT7D6&sig=ACfU3U1ey3vnOBxUVY_-C5RdPBhosl5WMQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjXloLngYPwAhXxKVkFHayiAfYQ6AEwD3oECBAQAw#v=onepage&q=enton%20hall%20godalming%20ian%20fleming&f=false
 * https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Life_of_Ian_Fleming/zHXVds2Y3BgC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=enton+hall+godalming&pg=PT321&printsec=frontcover
 * https://books.google.com/books/about/Enton_Hall.html?id=lhBvNQAACAAJ Cladeal832 (talk) 15:14, 16 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Postal addresses are not a good indication of geographic location as they are related to the post offices network of sorting offices (at least when it was set up). They were never intended to define locations as such and shouldn't be relied on in Wikipedia articles. Your links above all give the post town, not the location. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 08:48, 18 April 2021 (UTC)
 * There does not yet seem to be a consensus for including out of scope material relating to Enton Hall. Let us give it a few more days for others to comment before it is removed.SovalValtos (talk) 09:24, 18 April 2021 (UTC)
 * In simple English, You're wrong. Not one mentioned it as near the postal town of Godalming. It's simply near Godalming. Your inferences as to why they choice Godalming are immaterial. I don't understand your OR here. I cited a source [actually more than one] with Godalming and you didn't. Cladeal832 (talk) 13:07, 18 April 2021 (UTC)
 * You haven't cited a single source that says it is in Godalming, merely postal addresses, which is not the same thing. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 13:52, 18 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Every source cited has it as Godalming or near Goldalming. None mention your OR inference as being because of it's also the postal town. I regret even mention the whole postal town part since it's created this strawman arguement over postal towns. I was the one who used that as an example, but the source, which is valid and used on multiple other articles, has it was near Godalming and the original Enton Hall health farm in question referred to itself as being in Godalming, I don't doubt Enton Hall is also near Witley, but the original research by somebody here about civil parishes is a red herring to dismiss these sources does not meet the community standard for removal. I am simply differing to the source cited. Cladeal832 (talk) 14:05, 18 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I'd also note again this is an article on Godalming, not Godalming Civil Parish. The statement of Enton Hall health farm being near Godalming as used in the source actually cited referencing the inspiration for the location of a quarter of Thunderball in no way contradicts Enton Hall's true civil parish or postal town or whatever else some OR finds. For people who remove content over claims of OR, don't seem to mind engaging it. Also consensus through unwillingness to engage when your point is discredited isn't a way to cite lack of consensus for removal. Cladeal832 (talk) 20:17, 18 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Using near and not only in is the commonly used when describing English country houses i.e. Chalfont Park, Daylesford House, Holmshurst Manor, Hopetoun House, Ickworth House,  Luton Hoo,  Spains Hall, etc... Seems kind of self-explanatory since it wouldn't be a country house if it was in a village or town. Enton Hall is near Godalming.  Cladeal832 (talk) 21:11, 18 April 2021 (UTC).
 * So what? This article is about a settlement not a building and not about buildings that are outside the settlement.SovalValtos (talk) 09:05, 19 April 2021 (UTC)
 * So your best argument is just so what. The major thing you're making a fuss about is that the use of the word near versus in and just showing it's within the standard to use near with a country house. Also this about using sources about the influences of the making a book which referred to the settlement since all refer to it as near Godalming Cladeal832 (talk) 15:45, 20 April 2021 (UTC)

Stop being confrontational and try and engage with other editors. Try and understand the conventions that apply to locations in Wikipedia articles. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 16:50, 20 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Pot, Meet Kettle. But you aren't engaging and been confrontational. Last time you just delved into just meanspirited personal insult when you got it wrong rather than just apologize. I have understood the policy and cited that policy repeatedly. I provide multiple sources to back it up. You and the 'other user' haven't cited any policy expect your personal opinions that the importance of civil parishes or the importance of title in ration to territorial designation or whatever.
 * WikiProject UK geography/How to write about settlements
 * You ignore my points and I worry will just try to play it off as lack of census which isn't how census is suppose to work. You haven't tried to engage [unsure how I'm suppose to engage with stuff your sources are about postal towns and I say postal town don't count but at least I tried.]Cladeal832 (talk) 21:08, 20 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I am beginning to sense that there is a whiff of WP:CIR here. I shall remove the off topic material shortly as there is no consensus to include it.SovalValtos (talk) 21:24, 20 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Competency isn't the same thing as differing to users who don't know Wikipedia policy. I actually believed you at first about OR and looked it up and say you were wrong. I'm sensing there was never any sincere attempt at discussion or comprise. You do not have consensus for removal and the guidelines for consensus show that if lack of consensus isn't reached, to quote, a lack of consensus commonly results in retaining the version of the article as it was prior to the proposal or bold edit, so the page reverts back to the original way it was which these references to Dracula since you are trying to get consensus for removal. Again you've ignored any points I've made in good faith and ignoring reliable sources and the Wikipedia styles guidelines and haven't cited anything to counter it since this isn't a page on Godalming Civil Parish. Cladeal832 (talk) 21:31, 20 April 2021 (UTC).
 * Being in Witley Civil Parish or not does not negate mention on this article i.e. Godalming quoting, Chandler C of E Junior School in Witley civil parish caters for around 330 children and Witley C or E Infant School. Cladeal832 (talk) 22:45, 20 April 2021 (UTC)

The Enton Hall material was boldly added in this edit and then after some minor changes was reverted by me in this edit. Rather than going to talk per WP:BRD the bold editor Cladeal832 replaced it, and simultaneously removed a Cit maintenance template without explanation. The article will revert to the version before the bold addition with suitable adjustments for subsequent changes. Thank you for pointing out the out of scope material about Witley Schools. SovalValtos (talk) 00:36, 21 April 2021 (UTC)
 * So again taking my efforts to make a case by citing by policy and other articles is just ignored to again make this about me rather than the information on the article. These edits were just minor, by your admission, and the policy on consensus is not that all and any edit must have to be the discussed on the Talk Page first and not doing so is not grounds for removal of both accurate and sourced information that comply with the style guideline. I added a source to a citation needed tag isn't the bold edit you seem to be portraying it to be. You should not be reverting without either engaging or offering any comprise nor cite actual policy for removal. Cladeal832 (talk) 00:43, 21 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Also odd that my edits are bold, but User:Murgatroyd49 and User:SovalValtos's repeated reverts (including after a Talk Page discussion began) are not mentioned or questioned. Also quoting BRD page, is an optional method .. process is not mandated by Wikipedia policy Cladeal832 (talk) 00:46, 21 April 2021 (UTC)
 * You're welcome for pointing out the structures and buildings in Whitley Civil Parish have been established as part of the scoop of this article. I've tried to compromise, but you simply stating this will be removed when you choice isn't very helpful or fostering of community engagement. I know this user and now they won't admit a mistake while ending up personally insulting me so yes I was reluctant to engage, but since so much of the talk page is just trying to make a case and being dismissed or ignored, I don't believe I haven't made a an effort to engage. Nor it is a bold edit to add something neutral that fits into the community style guidelines and sourced. So why are you so keen on deleting this again beyond me just being a bad contributor which isn't really grounds? Cladeal832 (talk) 03:36, 21 April 2021 (UTC)

Please do not remove as it would a violation of the guidelines. You can't just remove info because you and your pal subjectively think its trivial or outside the scoop of an article. Those assumptions been shown as incorrect through citation of Wikipedia style guidelines and reliable sources while responses such as beginning to sense that there is a whiff  are not grounds for consensus to remove. I get the case seem to be just I'm not a good contributor for things you and your pal have also done, but I am kind of wondering if you have read the article since it included mentions of several buildings and structures noted as being near Godalming including including ones manor house estates in other civil parishes [i.e. estate in the east of Godalming civil parish and manor house is on the higher land which is now in Busbridge Civil Parish] including Whitley so the point about the scoop is moot. Cladeal832 (talk) 19:03, 21 April 2021 (UTC)

When you have finished being insulting, the simple matter is that Enton Hall is not in Godalming, but Witley, which has its own article. See BBC. Also the nearby Enton Mill is in Witley, see Historic England. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 10:30, 22 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes, I disagree with you on the removal and your understanding of Wikipedia policy while noting I feel ignored or dismissed, but I don't mean to be insulting, but if you found it to be so, I apologize as I was only trying to emulate your actions towards me. As mentioned already, structures and buildings in other civil parishes with their own article including Witley are mentioned in this article i.e. Rodborough School which is mentioned both in this article and the Milford article or King Edward's School which is mentioned on both the Witley and Wormley articles. Simply being or not being in Godalming civil parish in not grounds for removal. The cited sources mentions Godalming included the health farm itself. Cladeal832 (talk) 14:56, 22 April 2021 (UTC)

Regardless of your special pleading and your persecution complex, the simple matter is that Enton Hall is not in Godalming under any meaningful definition of the term. Your persistent efforts to get references to Ian Fleming into as many articles as possible on the flimsiest of pretexts looks increasingly like deliberate promotion. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 12:09, 23 April 2021 (UTC)
 * If you want to make this about me, yet again, that isn't how this works for the Talk Page on Godalming. I have shown how the buildings and structures including country manor houses with different civil parishes have been mentioned on this and other articles with any issues and simply applying that same standard so as not to just use a definition where I am just deferring to your personal tastes and whims. Cladeal832 (talk) 14:43, 23 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I don't want to assume, but if you haven't read up on what is and isn't promotion, but just in case What Wikipedia is not I am not Ian Fleming nor am I under the paid by the Ian Fleming Trust so have no vested interest so an accusation of promotion doesn't apply. Cladeal832 (talk) 15:22, 23 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Again, the self-appointed style guide made-up by User:SovalValtos and User:Murgatroyd49 makes no sense upon thinking it through. I mean why not go to every article to find anything not in the proper city limits to delete it such as Detroit ought to be removed because the airport isn't in Detroit, but Romulus, Michigan. Source after source cited mention Enton Hall health farm in the context of it being near Godalming. Cladeal832 (talk) 22:52, 23 April 2021 (UTC)

The simple matter is that Enton Hall is not in Godalming under any meaningful definition of the term. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 08:33, 24 April 2021 (UTC)
 * So all these reliable sources are to be dismiss or ignored because...
 * http://www.struttandparker.com/application/files/4714/6543/4578/GFD150090.pdf
 * http:/books.google.com/books?id=uariyzldrJwC&pg=PA303&lpg=PA303&dq=enton+hall+godalming+ian+fleming&source=bl&ots=W78XioT7D6&sig=ACfU3U1ey3vnOBxUVY_-C5RdPBhosl5WMQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjXloLngYPwAhXxKVkFHayiAfYQ6AEwD3oECBAQAw#v=onepage&q=enton%20hall%20godalming%20ian%20fleming&f=false
 * http://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Life_of_Ian_Fleming/zHXVds2Y3BgC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=enton+hall+godalming&pg=PT321&printsec=frontcover
 * http://books.google.com/books/about/Enton_Hall.html?id=lhBvNQAACAAJ
 * There has not been any support from any editor for the inclusion of the material on Enton Hall added by Cladeal832 so I am now removing it. I trust there will not be any edit warring. Best wishes. SovalValtos (talk) 08:48, 24 April 2021 (UTC)
 * One can't edit war alone and my edits are not just automatically bad nor are your edits just automatically good. As I already pointed out, you can't do a removal not because I am not pleading for special treatment, but as per the consensus policy guidelines. You can't just demand consensus and ignore any attempts to reach it. Nor it there a requirement to win a popularity contest What Wikipedia is not. What has been dismissed so far as pleading for special treatment, all I requested was acknowledgement that the old health farm itself listed its own location as Godalming and the course cited has it as Godalming, whether it's in or near. Doing OR with maps or just ignoring it doesn't change it. I don't want to assume, but maybe neither of you have read Thunderball since it describes in detail how the health farm would pick up its clients at the train station and also in the detail the trip from there to the health farm which the advertisement for Enton Hall also confirm as what happened at the real health farm. Cladeal832 (talk) 13:38, 24 April 2021 (UTC).

The simple matter is that Enton Hall is not in Godalming under any meaningful definition of the term. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 14:08, 24 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Meaningful is subjective. The people who ran Enton Hall health farm and Strutt & Parker among others would disagree. Cladeal832 (talk) 14:13, 24 April 2021 (UTC)
 * This reasoning doesn't add up to much as I pointed out in the Detroit Airport example. And this article doesn't state anything about Enton Hall being in Godalming, just that it's near and the health farm listed it's own location as Godaldming in-line with the source cited WP:HIJACK. Cladeal832 (talk) 14:55, 24 April 2021 (UTC)

The simple matter is that Enton Hall is not in Godalming under any meaningful definition of the term. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 16:37, 24 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Neither is the American state of Georgia so should it be deleted in the opening as well by this reasoning. It's been established that is your opinion, but Consensus the local consensus of editors can't be used to negate broader consensus of the community standards and guidelines.
 * The broader consensus is that any reference in a piece of culture and the sourced cite given it as being near Godalming. Cladeal832 (talk) 16:52, 24 April 2021 (UTC).
 * So where would one send a letter to Enton Hall or is the postal service without any meaning or if I looked up Enton Hall on Google Maps and it shows it in Godalming which I suppose by the rational being presented is also without meaning. The point is both inaccurate and moot.Cladeal832 (talk) 17:07, 24 April 2021 (UTC)
 * To quote from the civility guidelines, take great care to avoid the appearance of being heavy-handed or bossy. and ''No matter how frustrated you are, do not tell people to "grow up" Cladeal832 (talk) 19:12, 24 April 2021 (UTC)

2.0 User:Oshwah's request
As requested to try to discuss this civilly, I get position in that Enton Hall is in Witley Cvil Parish possibly making it outside the scope of this article, but as mentioned near the beginning of the Witley article the village of Milford is in Witley Civil Parish yet buildings and structures specifically noted as being in Milford are mentioned throughout the Goldnalming article and that is just one example of buildings and structures noting as being in another civil parish mentioned in this article so I think it's an unfair standard that my edit is singled out. Also to avoid original research or HIJACK I'm simply deferring to how the sources cited refer to Enton Hall as either in or near Godalming including Enton Hall farm health itself as well as the real estate listing [which includes a whole section about location and Goldalming] and the biographies of Ian Fleming including the one cited. Cladeal832 (talk) 21:06, 27 April 2021 (UTC)
 * This edit is also in line with the boarder consensus (Consensus) of the guidelines (WikiProject UK geography/How to write about settlements) narrowing the focus is this article by civil parishes or nor goes against the guidelines Since the primary purpose of the Wikipedia is to be a useful reference work, narrow article scopes are to be avoided. (Out of scope) Cladeal832 (talk) 21:29, 27 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I hope I'm not presented my case as if my edits are flawless or above scrutiny, but I simply disagree with the various rationales presented for their removal. According to Wiki guidelines, waiting some period of time while refusing any engagement in consensus building is also not grounds for lack of consensus. Stating my lack of competency and my lack of quality edits is also not grounds. User:Oshwah offering a different solution to your request isn't the same time as ignoring it. Nor according to the guidelines is consensus a prerequisite to edit when it conforms to style manuals and established precedent. By the logic presented by others here, two editors could join together on any low interest article and write, 'we two agree' to include or exclude anything and everything and that would be that. While I admit I have been skeptical since the rationales for removal of my edits you've admitted you find trivial seems to keep change from irrelevant to out of scope to inaccurate, I have made yet another good faith effort to build consensus as well as citing Wikipedia guidelines and citing other articles and examples with in this article and been ignored. Please do not engage in an edit war over it. Cladeal832 (talk) 16:05, 11 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Nowhere in guidelines is civil parishes used as the one and only criteria and the sourced cited mentioned it near Goldaming and Enton Hall health farm itself gave its location as Godalming so trying to avoid original research and also shone that country houses on Wikipedia are frequently referred to as near a town or village even if that communities that may not be the closest. Cladeal832 (talk) 17:13, 11 May 2021 (UTC)

I stopped counting after finding twelve examples within this article of structures mentioned which are in technically in another civil parish since they are adjacent to Godalming, so again I ask why is my own edit being singled out? Also their is repeated justification used as out of scope, but citing the guidelines on Out_of_scope
 * Artificially or unnecessarily restricting the scope of an article to select a particular POV on a subject area is frowned upon, even if it is the most popular POV.
 * Use the most general scope for each article you can.Cladeal832 (talk) 12:48, 12 May 2021 (UTC)

Dracula
In the novel, one of the characters, Arthur Holmwood, succedes to the title of Lord Godalming. While superficially a connection, few British hereditary titles have any actual geographical significance -EG the Duke of Edinburgh, to be topical. It is years since I read the book, is there any actual geographical link in the book such as the family house being notionally in the town? Murgatroyd49 (talk) 08:37, 18 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I found this link helpful. Searching through the book's text there were 89 finds, none of which referred to the town. I see no reason to include the book in the town article.SovalValtos (talk) 09:15, 18 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Quoting, While superficially a connection. Despite the choice of adverb, odd to just admit there's a connection. There are already articles on geographical locations mentioning when they were used as titles of fictional nobility and the standard is just any reference, not with qualifiers such as is it superficial or not.

 * In simple English, while there may appear to be a geographical connection, in fact there isn't. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 13:50, 18 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Adding 'In fact' doesn't make it so. You admitted there was a connection. Adding a dismissive adverb doesn't change that nor does ignoring the guidelines. Mocking the ability of someone else to understand simple English may also be a violation of the civility guidelines for Talk Page interactions. Cladeal832 (talk) 14:13, 18 April 2021 (UTC)
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_UK_geography/How_to_write_about_settlements#Cultural_references

 * That is references to a settlement, not, as in this case, to a title. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 13:50, 18 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Sometimes it's difficult to keep track of the different standards simply just created every other time. It's about territorial designation [quoting the article which directly refutes the previous point and title or location having no relationship to each other, (territorial designation) is also an integral part of all baronetcies]] and what we are discussing it an article about a UK settlement and this is the guideline for that. Cladeal832 (talk) 14:13, 18 April 2021 (UTC)

 * Are you two the same person? I was kind of suspicious after you both made the same error when you removed the second half of a sentence, but neither time added a period Cladeal832 (talk) 13:10, 18 April 2021 (UTC)

 * Are two what the same person? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Murgatroyd49 (talk • contribs) 13:50, 18 April 2021 (UTC)
 * You weren't even familiar with the policy on OR with regards to works of fictions, so I might be a bit more humble about what is and isn't Wikipedia policy. I'm don't have a pretense that I'm a great know-it-all contributor so I don't just assume I'm right and you're wrong, but I also don't just assume you must be right and I must be wrong either. I cited multiples examples i.e. Crowborough (I should point I didn't add this nor did I add the Dracula reference) that you 'two' are just ignoring any engagement to just start red herring discussions about me. Cladeal832 (talk) 21:37, 20 April 2021 (UTC)

I am Ruth Channel 4 TV programme Nov 2022
Just a suggestion to add the TV programme that starred Kate Winslet. Scenes filmed at Busbdridge Lane, Holloway Hill and Azets accountancy in Catteshall. 86.146.66.32 (talk) 21:09, 25 September 2023 (UTC)

 * You have a reference? Murgatroyd49 (talk) 06:44, 26 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Godalming


text: Category:Verbandsgemeinde in Rheinland-Pfalz


text: Category:Sint-Truidense V.V. players

title: Category:Sint-Truidense V.V. players


text:
Dubai Autodrome

The Dubai Autodrome (دبي أوتودروم) is an FIA sanctioned 5.390 km motorsports circuit located in Dubailand, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The architects of the project were Populous and the circuit was designed by Clive Bowen of Apex Circuit Design.

Opened in October 2004 with the final round of the LG Super Racing Weekend featuring the final rounds of the FIA GT Championship, European Touring Car Championship and 2004 Formula Renault V6 Eurocup season, Dubai Autodrome was the first part of the Dubai Motor City development that was available for use. The venue hosted the December 2005 A1 Grand Prix and the FIA GT Championship from 2004 to 2006. The track record at the longest configuration was set by Kamui Kobayashi (DAMS) with a time of 1:41.220 in a GP2 Asia car.

Since 2006 the Autodrome has been home to the Dubai 24 Hour, a GT, sports car and touring car automobile endurance race open to both professional and semi-professional teams. The circuit has FIA Grade 1 license, which means that it has all the requirements to host a Formula One race (though Abu Dhabi currently hosts F1 races in the UAE).

Events

 * Current

 * January: 24H Series Middle East Trophy Dubai 24 Hour, Formula Regional Middle East Championship, Porsche Carrera Cup Middle East, Formula 4 UAE Championship, UAE Procar Championship
 * February: Asian Le Mans Series 4 Hours of Dubai, Formula Regional Middle East Championship, Formula 4 UAE Championship, Gulf Radical Cup
 * March: UAE Procar Championship, Gulf Radical Cup
 * April: GRC SuperPrix
 * October: UAE Procar Championship, Gulf Radical Cup
 * December: UAE Procar Championship, Gulf Radical Cup

 * Former

 * 24H Series
 * Dubai 24 Hour (2006–2022)
 * A1 Grand Prix (2005)
 * European Touring Car Championship (2004)
 * Ferrari Challenge Asia-Pacific (2022–2023)
 * FIA GT Championship (2004–2006)
 * FIA GT3 European Championship (2007–2008)
 * Formula Regional Asian Championship (2020–2022)
 * Formula Renault V6 Eurocup (2004)
 * GP2 Asia Series (2008)
 * MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship (2015–2019)
 * Speedcar Series (2008–2009)
 * TCR International Series (2017)
 * TCR Middle East Series (2017–2019)

Dubai Kartdrome
The Kartdrome an international standard karting track situated across the boulevard from the Dubai Autodrome main straight.

The venue also hosts UAE championship karting and has in the past hosted rounds of the Biland World Finals and the Middle East Karting Championship. The biggest karting race in the Middle East (Dubai O Plate) is held there.

Track configurations
The circuit has four racing configurations and two additional non-racing sections. These are the courses with access to the pit area.

Lap records
The official lap record for the current circuit layout is 1:41.220, set by Kamui Kobayashi during the 2008 2nd Dubai GP2 Asia Series round, while the unofficial all-time track record is 1:40.887, set by Romain Grosjean in the qualifying of the aforementioned race. As of December 2023, the fastest official race lap records at the Dubai Autodrome are listed as:

title: Dubai Autodrome


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Glasspool, Jeremy-James Edmund Thornton

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy deleted. — J I P | Talk 12:17, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Glasspool, Jeremy-James Edmund Thornton

 * Delete Nonsense--MONGO 07:50, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete as per MONGO - Anetode 08:38, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Robert Ringer

Robert J. Ringer (born 1938) is an American entrepreneur, motivational and political speaker, and author of several best-selling personal-development and political books.

Career
His first book, Winning Through Intimidation, was published in 1973. After the manuscript racked up 23 rejections from publishers, Ringer decided to self-publish the book. It became a #1 bestseller, spending 36 weeks at the top of The New York Times Best Seller list. In 2002, Ringer revised and updated it and republished it with a new title: To Be or Not to Be Intimidated?: That is the Question. He says that the change was made to clarify his aim in the books—not to turn people into intimidators, but to give them the tools to keep others from intimidating them.

Ringer also self-published his second book, Looking Out for #1, in 1977, which also became a New York Times #1 bestseller. Some of its recurring themes are action based on rational thought, conceding and in fact adhering to the inherent objective human nature of self-interest, and avoiding irrational people (which he called neurotics or "weeds").

Ringer's first political/ideological work, Restoring the American Dream, reached #3 on The New York Times Bestseller List in 1979. It was revised, updated and republished in 2010. Its premise is that liberty must be given a higher priority than all other objectives and that a laissez-faire free market is the clear solution to America's economic troubles.

Ringer established Stratford Press to publish and re-release books by other authors. Its title includes Crisis Investing by Douglas R. Casey, The Alpha Strategy by John A. Pugsley, and Nice Girls Do by Irene Kassorla.

Ringer has appeared on The Tonight Show, Today, The Dennis Miller Show, Good Morning America, ABC News Nightline, and The Charlie Rose Show, Fox News, and Fox Business. He has been the subject of feature articles in such publications as Time, People, The Wall Street Journal, Fortune, Barron's and The New York Times.

title: Robert Ringer


text:
Chidlow railway station

The extension of the Eastern Railway line in Western Australia to Chidlow's Well in 1884 was immediately useful to those in the region, to quote the West Australian of 17 April 1885:

Up until its closure, it had tearooms, and the overnight sleeper train 'The Westland' to Kalgoorlie had a refreshment stop at Chidlow. In some regularly reprinted photographs of the station buildings and platform the sign is for Chidlow's Well Refreshment Station.

In all Working Timetables (WTT) during the operation of this line, there was an arrival and departure time, owing to either taking on water for steam engines, or change in crew.

The Bellevue to Chidlow railway line involved the encounter with the Darling Scarp requiring extra power for the up line, and considerable extra caution for the down line.

The station was closed in 1966 at the time of the Avon Valley rail route being opened, and the old Eastern Railway route became superfluous to WAGR needs.

The Mundaring and Hills Historical Society usually have a photograph of this railway station in their annual calendar.

title: Chidlow railway station


text: Category:Sint-Truidense V.V.

title: Category:Sint-Truidense V.V.


text:
Talk:Yao Li

Untitled
Can someone check this up for me? Both Yao Li's wife and mother were killed by Yao Li just to make his defection more believeable.Thanks.Gammadion 07:53, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yao Li


text:
Category:Verbandsgemeinde in Rhineland-Palatinate

Category of Verbandsgemeinde in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany


text:
Consort Liang

Consort Liang (梁貴人, personal name unknown) (62(?) - 83?), posthumous title Empress Gonghuai (恭懷皇后, literally, "empress of reverent recollection"), was an imperial consort to Emperor Zhang of Han. She gave birth to his son Liu Zhao (劉肇) in 79, but her son was adopted by Emperor Zhang's wife Empress Dou and would not know his birth mother's identity until a long time later, after he became emperor (as Emperor He).

Life
Consort Liang was a daughter of Liang Song (梁竦), a son of one of Emperor Guangwu's officials, Liang Tong (梁統). When she was 15, in 77, both she and her older sister became consort to Emperor Zhang (who was then 20).

At the time Consort Liang's son Prince Zhao was adopted by Empress Dou, Emperor Zhang had already created his son Liu Qing (劉慶), by another favorite, Consort Song, crown prince. Empress Dou made false accusations against Consort Song and her sister (also an imperial consort), however, and the two Consorts Song were forced to commit suicide in 82. Crown Prince Qing was deposed, and Prince Zhao was created crown prince in his stead.

The Liang clan did not dare to celebrate openly, but they were happy about that development. Empress Dou and her clan were not pleased, and, wanting to make sure that the Liangs would not step in and exert influence on the young prince, they also made false accusations against Liang Song, and he was arrested and died in prison in 83. His family was exiled to modern northern Vietnam. Consort Liang and her sister died in sadness, probably in 83 as well. Her son would succeed to the throne in April 88, believing that Empress Dowager Dou was his mother.

After Empress Dowager Dou died in October 97, officials revealed to Emperor He that Consort Liang was actually his birth mother. While Emperor He rejected a recommendation to posthumously demote Empress Dowager Dou, he reburied his mother and aunt with great honors (but not with his father -- that honor was reserved for Empress Dowager Dou, as his father's wife). He also posthumously rewarded his mother the title of empress, with the posthumous name of "Gonghuai". However, this posthumous title was later revoked in 190 during the reign of Emperor Xian of Han.

title: Consort Liang


text: User talk:69.235.206.150

title: User talk:69.235.206.150


text: Category:62 births

title: Category:62 births


text: Category:83 deaths

title: Category:83 deaths