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Centrepoint (charity)

Centrepoint is a charity in the United Kingdom which provides accommodation and support to homeless people aged 16–25. The Prince of Wales has been a patron of the organization since 2005; his first patronage. His mother Diana, Princess of Wales, was patron of the organization before she died.

The charity's accommodation includes emergency night shelters, short and long stay hostels, specialist projects for care leavers, ex-offenders and young single parents, foyers and supported flats, and floating support services.

History
The charity was founded by the Anglo-Catholic socialist priest Kenneth Leech and set up its first shelter in St Anne's Church, Soho, on 16 December 1969.

Leech's motivation stemmed from the influx of economic migrants into London in the 1960s in search of employment. However, due to a lack of affordable housing, many found themselves alone and homeless on the city streets. Collaborating with the Simon Community, a collective of homeless individuals and volunteers, Leech aimed to provide temporary shelter for young people facing homelessness. At the first night of the basement's opening, no one attended, but within a month, the space attracted 600 individuals each night. By the end of the first year, the church had provided temporary shelter for 5,000 young people.

The organization was named Centrepoint in response to the building Centre Point being seen as an "affront to the homeless" for being left empty to make money for the property developer.

In 1986, Centrepoint underwent a notable transformation. Richard Lester, a city broker, was approached by a homeless man named Martin Shaw, who asked for money for a cup of coffee. In response, Richard initially provided £5,000, which Martin utilized to assist the homeless population in London. Their collaboration resulted in the establishment of Centrepoint's inaugural dedicated hostel, featuring over 100 beds. While Richard funded the initiative and set up the first hostel, Martin took on the day-to-day management of the site.

On 7 October 2005, Centrepoint had broadened its geographical reach beyond London, opening an accommodation service in Consett, County Durham

Diana, Princess of Wales, was formerly Centrepoint's patron. Centrepoint became the first patronage of Prince of Wales. He became the patron in 2005.

Its ambassadors include the Radio 1 DJ Sara Cox, the fashion model Lady Kitty Spencer, the actress Lisa Maxwell, and the journalist and presenter Kirsty Young. One of the first people Centrepoint helped was Sandy Marks, who went on to be the Mayor of Islington in 1996.

Activities
Through its accommodation, Centrepoint provides approximately 1,200 bed spaces nationwide across England. Additional support services include a skills and employability team and a mental health team. Specialists within the skills and employability team help support young people back into education, training or employment, and the teaching of life skills. Centrepoint also runs volunteering schemes, such as mentoring, which pairs a person with a young person for 12 months. It currently works with almost 100 mentors.

In 2017, Centrepoint launched a helpline that offers instant advice to abuse victims and young people who can no longer stay in the family home. During the first six months, more than 1,600 young people contacted the helpline.

The organization helps support over 16,000 young people every year.

In 2023, Prince William inaugurated a new Centrepoint housing facility in Peckham (south-east London). This housing is designed to accommodate young adults aged 18 to 24, providing them with affordable living arrangements where rent is limited to one-third of their take-home pay. Residents must either hold a job or be engaged in a full-time apprenticeship.

In July 2023, Centrepoint launched a £150,000 brand refresh, including an updated website and logo with the slogan "Ending youth homelessness," aiming to centralize resources for young people.

title: Centrepoint (charity)


text:
Fleet railway station

Fleet railway station serves the town of Fleet in Hampshire, England. It is situated on the South West Main Line, which has four tracks through the station. There are two platforms on the outer pair of tracks, which are served by trains between London Waterloo and Basingstoke and Southampton. The centre pair of tracks have no platforms and are used by through-services.

The station, and all trains calling there, are operated by South Western Railway. It is 36 mi from Waterloo and is situated between Farnborough (Main) and Winchfield stations.

History
The railway line through Fleet was built by the London & Southampton Railway, which was renamed the London and South Western Railway (LSWR) in 1839; the section between Woking and Winchfield opening on 24 September 1838, but at that time, Fleet did not have a railway station. A station, originally named Fleet Pond (after Fleet Pond) was opened in May 1847. The first station was built on the west side of Minley Road. In 1904 a new larger station was built on the east side when the line was increased to four tracks, It was renamed Fleet on 1 July 1869.

The buildings were rebuilt in 1969. work was under way to replace the station buildings and deck the southern car park to provide an extra 150 spaces. The new station building and footbridge were opened in July 2014 with the former lattice footbridge removed overnight on 23/24 July.

Services
The current Monday-Saturday off-peak service is: On Sundays this becomes:
 * 3 trains per hour (tph) to London Waterloo, of which:
 * 1 calls at Farnborough Main and Clapham Junction, taking 41 minutes.
 * 1 calls at Farnborough Main, Brookwood, Woking, Weybridge, Walton-on-Thames, Surbiton and Clapham Junction, taking 56 minutes.
 * 1 calls at all station as per the second layout above, minus Clapham Junction. This train is overtaken by the fast train and so should only be used to reach stations up to Surbiton.
 * 2 tph terminating at Basingstoke, calling at Winchfield and Hook and taking 20 minutes.
 * 1 tph to Poole, calling at Basingstoke, Winchester, Shawford, Eastleigh, Southampton Airport Parkway, Southampton Central, Totton, Ashurst New Forest, Brockenhurst, Sway, New Milton, Hinton Admiral, Christchurch, Pokesdown, Bournemouth, Branksome and Parkstone, taking 2 hours 36 minutes. This train should only be used for stations to Ashurst New Forest, Sway and Hinton Admiral. Brockenhurst, New Milton, Christchurch, Pokesdown, Bournemouth and Poole can be reached faster by changing at Southampton Central. Branksome and Parkstone can be reached faster by changing at Brockenhurst.
 * 1 tph to London, calling at Farnborough Main, Brookwood, Woking, Surbiton, Wimbledon and Clapham Junction, taking 1 hour 7 minutes. (When returning from London passengers should ensure they are in the front part of the train.)
 * 1 tph to Basingstoke as above, taking 17 minutes.

Miscellaneous
In May 2010, the body of a newborn baby girl was found abandoned in a rubbish bin at the station. A murder investigation was opened based upon the baby's injuries. In October 2010 the baby's then 16 year old mother was found guilty of infanticide.

The two platforms are numbered; Platform 1 is for London-bound trains, Platform 2 is for trains for Basingstoke (and beyond).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fleet railway station


text:
Iain Murray (author)

Iain Hamish Murray (born 19 April 1931) is a British pastor and author who co-founded the Reformed publishing house, the Banner of Truth Trust.

Early life
Iain Murray was born on 19 April 1931. He was educated in the Isle of Man at King William's College. Murray was converted in 1949.

In the summer of 1950 he was commissioned in the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) rifle regiment of the British Army, serving in Singapore and Malaya in the suppression of the communist insurgency known as the "Malayan Emergency". He transferred to the Army reserve in 1955 and resigned his commission the following year.

After his military service, Murray studied Philosophy and History at the University of Durham, graduating with a BA in 1954. In 1955 he married Jean Ann Walters and became assistant minister at St. John's Free Church, Summertown, Oxford.

Christian work
Murray served as assistant to Martyn Lloyd-Jones at Westminster Chapel (1956–59) and subsequently at Grove Chapel, London (1961–69) and St. Giles Presbyterian Church, Sydney, Australia, (1981–84). In 1957 he and Jack Cullum founded the Reformed publishing house, the Banner of Truth Trust, for which he remains a trustee.

Murray and his wife live in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Theological positions
According to certain sources Murray's theological positions are:

 * 5-point Calvinist
 * Paedobaptist (advocates infant baptism)
 * Post-millennial
 * Covenant theology

Works
Books by Iain Murray include:
 * Australian Christian Life from 1788 : an introduction and an anthology, (1988), ISBN 0-85151-524-X
 * D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones : The First Forty Years, (1982), ISBN 0-85151-353-0
 * D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones : The Fight of Faith, (1990), ISBN 0-85151-564-9
 * The Forgotten Spurgeon, (1966), ISBN 0-85151-156-2
 * Spurgeon and the Church of England, (1966) – a booklet
 * Jonathan Edwards : A New Biography, (1988), ISBN 0-85151-494-4
 * The Life of Arthur W. Pink, ISBN 0-85151-883-4
 * The Life of John Murray : Professor of Systematic Theology, Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1937–1966, (1984), ISBN 0-85151-422-7, ISBN 0-85151-426-X
 * The Puritan Hope : Revival and the Interpretation of Prophecy, (1971, London: Banner of Truth Trust), ISBN 0-85151-247-X (pbk)
 * Revival & Revivalism : The Making and Marring of American Evangelicalism 1750–1858, (1994), ISBN 0-85151-660-2
 * Spurgeon v. Hyper-Calvinism : The Battle for Gospel Preaching, (1995, London: Banner of Truth Trust), ISBN 0-85151-692-0 (pbk)
 * Pentecost today? : The Biblical Basis for Understanding Revival, (1998), ISBN 0-85151-752-8
 * Evangelicalism Divided : A Record of Crucial Change in the Years 1950 to 2000, (2000), ISBN 0-85151-783-8
 * Diary of Kenneth MacRae : a record of fifty years in the Christian ministry, (1980), ISBN 0-85151-297-6
 * The Invitation System, (1960), ISBN 0-85151-171-6
 * Letters of Charles Haddon Spurgeon , (1992), ISBN 0-85151-606-8
 * Should the Psalter be the only hymnal of the church?, (2001), ISBN 0-85151-809-5
 * The Reformation of the Church : a collection of Reformed and Puritan documents on Church issues, (1965), ISBN 0-85151-118-X (pbk)
 * The Unresolved Controversy : unity with non-Evangelicals, (2001), ISBN 0-85151-810-9 (pbk)
 * Wesley and Men Who Followed, ISBN 0-85151-835-4
 * Old Evangelicalism – Old Truths for a New Awakening, ISBN 0-85151-901-6
 * The Happy Man: The Abiding Witness of Lachlan Mackenzie, (1979), ISBN 0-85151-282-8
 * A Scottish Christian Heritage, (2006), ISBN 0-85151-930-X
 * Lloyd-Jones: Messenger of Grace, (2008), ISBN 0-85151-975-X
 * Heroes, (2009), ISBN 978-1-84871-024-5
 * The Undercover Revolution: how fiction changed Britain, (2009), ISBN 978-1-84871-012-2
 * Rest in God: a calamity in contemporary Christianity, (2010), ISBN 978-1-84871-081-8 (booklet)
 * John MacArthur: Servant of the Word and Flock, (2011), ISBN 978-1-84871-112-9
 * Archibald G. Brown: Spurgeon's Successor, (2011), ISBN 978-1-84871-139-6
 * Evangelical Holiness and other addresses, (2013), ISBN 978-1-84871-319-2
 * Amy Carmichael: Beauty for Ashes, (2015), ISBN 978-1-84871-552-3
 * J. C. Ryle: Prepared to Stand Alone, (2016), ISBN 978-1-84871-679-7

title: Iain Murray (author)


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Charles Chilton Moore

Charles Chilton Moore (December 20, 1837 – February 7, 1906) was an American atheist, and the editor of the Blue Grass Blade, one of the United States' first newspapers promoting atheism. Due to his criticisms of religion, he was dubbed Kentucky's Most Hated Man.

Early life
Moore's grandfather was the 19th century religious reformer Barton W. Stone. Moore became a preacher, in his grandfather's tradition, but came to doubt the Bible and its teachings. He left the church, passing through deism and agnosticism before becoming an atheist. He founded the Blue Grass Blade in 1884 in Lexington, Kentucky. Due to financial and legal problems, he was only able to publish it sporadically. The journal contained articles advocating such positions as agnosticism, women's suffrage, and prohibition.

Atheist activism
Moore spent time in prison for his outspoken opposition to religion and the Bible. In February 1899, he was indicted for mailing obscene literature through the mail - a federal crime. The obscene literature in question was a discussion about free love that Moore had engaged in with a local judge in the pages of the Blade, but merely printing such a taboo conversation was enough to get him into a courthouse and set another historical precedent for the First Amendment. Moore, not wanting to burden his family financially, decided to defend himself in court. He would come to regret his decision when the district attorney managed to direct the jury's attention from Moore's mailing of lewd content to his atheism and the many articles of blasphemy in his newspaper. Moore's hopelessness was evident when he tried to convince a jury of twelve Christians that he, an atheist, was innocent. Though he was indicted for mailing obscene literature, it was his blasphemy that led the jury to deliberate for five minutes before returning with a guilty verdict. The next morning, the judge heeded Moore's plea to not impose a monetary penalty and instead sentenced him to two years in the Ohio State Penitentiary. Before Moore's friends at the Ohio Liberal Society could file his appeal, he was whisked away to the penitentiary. The Ohio Liberal Society and an African-American newspaper, The Lexington Standard, edited by R. C. O. Benjamin, fought for Moore's release. There is no indication which group managed to be successful in their efforts, but Ohio's former governor, President William McKinley, ended up commuting Moore's sentence to six months, with one month off for good behavior. Moore was released from prison in July 1899. His autobiography, mostly written in prison, is called Behind the Bars; 31498.

Illness and death
Moore died at his homestead, Quaker Acre, just outside Lexington, on February 7, 1906, after a long illness. News accounts declared that thousands attended his funeral. Orations were given by J.B. Wilson of Cincinnati, President of the National Liberal Party, noted suffragist Josephine K. Henry, and close friend Moses Kaufman. Rumors of a deathbed conversion made a few newspapers, but many quoted his wife as saying that Moore had died as he had lived. His publisher, James Edward Hughes, ensured the Blue Grass Blade survived him and in January 1908 it became a 16-page magazine featuring portraits and photographs of prominent and local freethinkers, scientists, and skeptics on the cover until budget constraints forced it to revert to text in May 1909. The following December, more money woes led the Blade to degrade to its original 4-page format. The last known issue of Blue Grass Blade was published on August 21, 1910.

Moore is buried in Lexington, Kentucky. His epitaph reads: "Write me as one who loves his fellow man."

Legacy
Moore's legacy is that of a father of American atheism. His Blue Grass Blade was widely circulated, gaining him notoriety among the religious and non-religious alike. He helped to promote arguments against much that is contained in the Bible, for example, geological evidence that Earth existed far before the date of October 23, 4004 BC, calculated by James Ussher from the Old Testament. His legal trials helped establish precedents in free speech law, as it relates to religious dissent.

In 1984, 100 years following the first publication of the Blue Grass Blade, Madalyn Murray O'Hair and other atheist activists planted a "Devil's Hosta" lily which still sits on Moore's headstone to this day. O'Hair's organization, American Atheists, later republished his book The Rational View and his autobiography Behind the Bars, in 1984 and 1990 respectively.

Books written by Moore

 * The Rational View
 * Behind the Bars; 31498 (1889)
 * Dog Fennel in the Orient (1903)
 * Tamám (1908) The Neale Publishing Company

Recent mentions

 * Kentucky's Most Hated Man: Charles Chilton Moore & The Bluegrass Blade, a biography, written by John Sparks, was published in the summer of 2009.
 * Biology professor and atheist, PZ Myers, mentioned Moore on his popular blog, Pharyngula, on March 4, 2010.
 * Hemant Mehta mentioned C.C. Moore on his blog, Friendly Atheist, on April 28, 2011, using Watson Heston's Rationalism Is Not Dead to start a conversation about how the so-called New Atheism at the beginning of the 21st century is not very new at all.
 * Daniel Fincke, of the blog Camels with Hammers, mentioned Moore and the Blue Grass Blade on September 20, 2011, and again on September 28 after hearing about Thomas Lawson's Letters from an Atheist Nation, which was being published at the same time.
 * PZ Myers mentioned the Camels with Hammers post and commented on Moore on his blog, Pharyngula, on September 28, 2011.
 * Letters from an Atheist Nation: Godless Voices of America in 1903, by Thomas Lawson, features a short biography of Moore and the Blade. It also includes a compilation of letters written by Blade readers detailing their reasons for becoming atheists. It was published as an eBook on Amazon.com on September 25, 2011, and in paperback on December 13, 2011.
 * On October 9, 2011, PZ Myers, upon reading Thomas Lawson's Letters from an Atheist Nation, decided to emulate Moore by asking for submissions from his readers as to why they are atheists, just as the Blue Grass Blade did in April 1903.

Additional sources

 * Kentucky's Most Hated Man: Charles Chilton Moore & The Bluegrass Blade, a biography by John Sparks
 * Biography of Charles Chilton Moore
 * Blue Grass Blade Digital Editions at the Library of Congress
 * Digital Editions of Blue Grass Blade at Kentuckiana Digital Library - written account of Moore's trial in the February 19, 1899, edition
 * The Kentucky Encyclopedia (1992) - John E. Kleber
 * Letters from an Atheist Nation, a compilation of letters from American atheists in 1903, collected by Thomas Lawson

title: Charles Chilton Moore


text:
C. C. Moore

C. C. Moore may refer to:

 * Charles Chilton Moore (1837–1906), American atheist
 * Charles C. Moore (1866–1958), Governor of Idaho, 1923-1927
 * Calvin C. Moore (b. 1936–), American mathematician.

title: C. C. Moore


text:
User:GôTô

Hi,

I'm a french user of wikipedia, I sometimes come here, mostly for interwiki links.

Please contact me only at fr:Discussion Utilisateur:GôTô

Links for myself

 * Communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône département

fr:Utilisateur:GôTô it:Utente:GôTô

title: User:GôTô


text:
Calandrinia

Calandrinia is a genus of flowering plants known as purslanes and redmaids. It includes 37 species of annual and perennial herbs which bear colorful flowers in shades of red to purple and white. Species of this genus are native to the Americas, including western and southern South America, Central America, and western North America. Some species have been introduced to parts of Australia, New Zealand, southern Africa, Asia, and Europe. Over 60 species native to Australia and New Guinea that were formerly included in Calandrinia are now placed in a separate genus, Rumicastrum or Parakeelya. A single eastern Australian species named in 2022, Calandrinia petrophila, is still included in Calandrinia, but will be placed into the Australian genus when the name of the new genus is finally settled.

Description
Species in the genus Calandrinia are annual or perennial herbaceous plants with a sprawling or erect habit. The leaves are mostly basal and may be either alternate or opposite in arrangement. Flowers are produced in cymes. Each flower produces between four and eleven petals, though often five. Flowers may be white, purple, pink, red, or yellow.

Taxonomy
The genus Calandrinia was erected in 1823 by German botanist Carl Sigismund Kunth. It was named for Jean Louis Calandrini (1703–1758), a Genevan botanist.

Approximately 74 Calandrinia species are native to Australia. Along with the pigweeds (Portulaca species), Calandrinia are the most prominent succulent species in Australia. The Australian Calandrinia were traditionally considered to be monophyletic (share the same ancestry) with 14 Calandrinia species from the Americas, and are still classified as belonging to the same genus. However, in 1987 Australian taxonomist Roger Carolin proposed that the American and Australian Calandrinia are not closely related to each other based on morphological analyses. Follow-up studies also supported two different lineages, based in part on the absence of Calandrinia on islands along possible dispersal pathways between South America and Australia and in part on genomic data.

Despite this, the nomenclature has not been officially changed for all Australian Calandrinia, including C. balonensis. Although the need for a nomenclature change is widely agreed, a debate has arisen over the appropriate naming of the Australian Calandrinia. A proposal has been made to rename the genus as Parakeelya on the grounds that it is used as a common name for the whole genus, derives from South Australian and Central Desert Indigenous names, and is already accepted as a synonym for some Australian species. The competing view holds that the Australian genus should be named Rumicastrum according to established nomenclatural rules. Plants of the World Online accepts Rumicastrum. The proposal to rename Calandrinia as Parakeelya has not yet been decided.

The genus is classified in the family Montiaceae. It was previously placed in the purslane family, Portulacaceae.

Species
, accepted species in Kew's Plants of the World Online include: • Calandrinia acaulis Kunth

• Calandrinia affinis Gillies ex Arn.

• Calandrinia alba (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

• Calandrinia bracteosa Phil.

• Calandrinia breweri S.Watson – Brewer's redmaid; California and Baja California

• Calandrinia caespitosa Gillies ex Arn.

• Calandrinia carolinii Hershk. & D.I.Ford

• Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. – fringed redmaid

• Calandrinia colchaguensis Barnéoud

• Calandrinia compacta Barnéoud

• Calandrinia corymbosa Walp.

• Calandrinia depressa Phil.

• Calandrinia filifolia Rydb.

• Calandrinia fuegiana Gand.

• Calandrinia galapagosa H.St.John Galápagos Islands

• Calandrinia graminifolia Phil.

• Calandrinia heterophylla Rydb.

• Calandrinia involucrata Phil.

• Calandrinia jompomae Hershk.

• Calandrinia lancifolia Phil.

• Calandrinia leucopogon Phil.

• Calandrinia minutissima Barnéoud

• Calandrinia monandra (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

• Calandrinia nana Phil.

• Calandrinia nitida (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

• Calandrinia pauciflora Phil.

• Calandrinia petrophila J.G.West & Albr. – New South Wales and Queensland

• Calandrinia pilosiuscula DC.

• Calandrinia poeppigiana Walp.

• Calandrinia polyclados Phil.

• Calandrinia ranunculina J.M.Watson, A.R.Flores & Elvebakk

• Calandrinia sanguinea Phil.

• Calandrinia skottsbergii Gand.

• Calandrinia solisi Phil.

• Calandrinia spicigera Phil.

• Calandrinia taltalensis I.M.Johnst.

• Calandrinia villaroelii Phil.

Formerly placed here
The following species were formerly placed in genus Calandrinia, including the Australasian species now placed in genus Rumicastrum.
 * Anacampseros australiana J.M.Black (as C. pogonophora F.Muell. )
 * Cistanthe arenaria (Cham.) Carolin ex Hershk. (as C. arenaria Cham. or C. glaucopurpurea Reiche)
 * Cistanthe crassifolia (Phil.) Carolin ex Hershk. (as C. crassifolia Phil. )
 * Cistanthe densiflora (Barnéoud) Hershk. (as C. densiflora Barnéoud or C. spicata Phil. )
 * Cistanthe grandiflora (Lindl.) Schltdl. (as C. grandiflora Lindl. or C. spectabilis Otto & A.Dietr. )
 * Cistanthe litoralis (Phil.) Carolin ex Hershk. (as C. litoralis Phil.)
 * Cistanthe mucronulata (Meyen) Carolin ex Hershk. (as C. mucronata Meyen )
 * Cistanthe picta (Gillies ex Arn.) Carolin ex Hershk. (as C. picta Gillies ex Arn. or C. villanuevae Phil. )
 * Cistanthe sitiens (I.M.Johnst.) J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores (as C. sitiens I.M.Johnst. )
 * Montiopsis andicola (Gillies) D.I.Ford (as C. andicola Gillies or C. tricolor Phil. )
 * Montiopsis conferta (Gillies ex Arn.) Peralta (as C. conferta Gillies ex Arn., C. caesia F.Phil. ex Phil., or C. hirtella Phil.)
 * Montiopsis gayana (Barnéoud) D.I.Ford (as C. calycotricha Phil. )
 * Montiopsis gilliesii (Hook. & Arn.) D.I.Ford (as C. gilliesii Hook. & Arn. or C. leucotricha Phil. )
 * Montiopsis potentilloides (Barnéoud) D.I.Ford (as C. potentilloides Barnéoud or C. setosa Phil. )
 * Rumicastrum arenicolum (Syeda) Hershk. (as C. arenicola Syeda )
 * Rumicastrum baccatum (Obbens) Hershk. (as C. baccata Obbens )
 * Rumicastrum balonense (Lindl.) Carolin – broadleaf parakeelya (as C. balonensis Lindl. )
 * Rumicastrum brevipedatum (F. Muell.) Carolin (as C. brevipedata F.Muell. )
 * Rumicastrum butcherense (Obbens) Hershk. (as C. butcherense Obbens)
 * Rumicastrum calyptratum (Hook. f.) Carolin – pink purslane (as C. calyptratum Hook.f. )
 * Rumicastrum compositum (Nees) Carolin (as C. composita (Nees) Benth. )
 * Rumicastrum corrigioloides (F. Muell. ex Benth.) Carolin – strap purslane (as C. corrigioloides F.Muell. ex Benth. )
 * Rumicastrum creethae (Tratman ex Morrison) Carolin (as C. creethae Tratman ex Morrison )
 * Rumicastrum crispisepalum (Obbens) Hershk. (as C. crispipetala Obbens )
 * Rumicastrum cygnorum (Diels) Carolin (as C. cygnorum Diels )
 * Rumicastrum cylindricum (Poelln.) Carolin (as C. cylindrica Poelln. )
 * Rumicastrum dielsii (Poelln.) Carolin (as C. dielsii Poelln. )
 * Rumicastrum dipetalum (J.M.Black) Carolin (as C. dipetala J.M.Black )
 * Rumicastrum dispermum (J.M.Black) Carolin (as C. disperma J.M.Black )
 * Rumicastrum eremaeum (Ewart) Carolin – twining purslane (as C. eremaea Ewart )
 * Rumicastrum flavum (Obbens) Hershk. (as C. flava Obbens )
 * Rumicastrum gracile (Benth.) Carolin (as C. gracilis Benth. )
 * Rumicastrum granuliferum (Benth.) Carolin – pygmy purslane (as C. granulifera Benth. )
 * Rumicastrum holtumii (Obbens & L.P.Hancock) Hershk. (as C. holtumii Obbens & L.P.Hancock)
 * Rumicastrum hortiorum (Obbens) Hershk. (as C. hortiurum Obbens }
 * Rumicastrum kalanniense (Obbens) Hershk. (as C. kalanniensis Obbens )
 * Rumicastrum liniflorum (Fenzl) Carolin (as C. liniflora Fenzl )
 * Rumicastrum maryonii (S. Moore) Carolin (as C. maryonii S.Moore )
 * Rumicastrum mirabile (Chinnock & J.G.West) Hershk. (as C. mirabilis Chinnock & J.G.West )
 * Rumicastrum monogynum (Poelln.) Carolin (as C. monogyne Poelln. )
 * Rumicastrum monospermum (Syeda ex Obbens) Hershk. (as C. monosperma Syeda ex Obbens)
 * Rumicastrum morrisae (Goy) Carolin (as C. morrisae Goy )
 * Rumicastrum oblongum (Syeda & Carolin) Hershk. (as C. oblonga Syeda & Carolin )
 * Rumicastrum opertum (Obbens)Hershk. (as C. operta Obbens )
 * Rumicastrum orarium (Obbens) Hershk. (as C. oraria Obbens )
 * Rumicastrum papillatum (Syeda) Carolin (as C. papillata Syeda )
 * Rumicastrum pentavalvis (Obbens) Hershk. (as C.pentavalve Obbens )
 * Rumicastrum pickeringii (A. Gray) Carolin (as C. pickeringii A.Gray
 * Rumicastrum pleiopetalum (F.Muell.) Carolin (as C. pleiopetala F.Muell. )
 * Rumicastrum polyandrum (Benth.) Carolin (as C. polyandra Benth. )
 * Rumicastrum polypetalum (Fenzl) Carolin (as C. polypetala Fenzl )
 * Rumicastrum poriferum (Syeda) Carolin (as C. porifera Syeda )
 * Rumicastrum primuliflorum (Diels) Carolin (as C. primuliflora Diels )
 * Rumicastrum ptychospermum (F. Muell.) Carolin (as C. ptychosperma F.Muell. )
 * Rumicastrum pumilum (Benth.) Carolin (as C. pumila (Benth.) F.Muell.
 * Rumicastrum quadrivalve (F.Muell.) Carolin (as C. quadrivalvis F.Muell. )
 * Rumicastrum quartziticum (Obbens) Hershk. (as C. quartzitica Obbens)
 * Rumicastrum remotum (J.M.Black) Carolin (as C. remota J.M.Black )
 * Rumicastrum reticulatum (Syeda) Carolin (as C. reticulata'' Syeda )
 * Rumicastrum rubrisabulosum (Obbens) Hershk. (as C. rubrisabulosa Obbens )
 * Rumicastrum schistorhizum (Morrison) Carolin (as C. schistorhiza Morrison )
 * Rumicastrum sculptum (Obbens) Hershk. (as C. sculpta Obbens & J.G.West)
 * Rumicastrum spergularinum (F.Muell.) Carolin (as C. spergularina F.Muell. )
 * Rumicastrum sphaerophyllum (J.M.Black) Carolin (as C. sphaerophylla J.M.Black )
 * Rumicastrum stagnense (J.M.Black) Carolin (as C. stagnensis J.M.Black )
 * Rumicastrum stenogynum (Domin) Carolin (as C. stenogyna Domin )
 * Rumicastrum strophiolatum (F.Muell.) Carolin (as C. strophiolata (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex B.D.Jacks. )
 * Rumicastrum tepperianum (W.Fitzg.) Carolin (as C. tepperiana W.Fitzg. )
 * Rumicastrum tholiforme (Obbens) Hershk. (as C. tholiformis Obbens )
 * Rumicastrum translucens (Obbens) Hershk. (as C.translucens Obbens )
 * Rumicastrum tumidum (Syeda) Hershk. (as C. tumida Syeda )
 * Rumicastrum umbelliforme (Obbens) Hershk. (as C. umbelliformis Obbens )
 * Rumicastrum uniflorum (F. Muell.) Carolin (as C. uniflore F.Muell. )
 * Rumicastrum vernicosum (Obbens) Hershk. (as C. vernicosa Obbens)
 * Rumicastrum volubile (Benth.) Carolin (as C. volubilis Benth.)
 * Rumicastrum wilsonii (Obbens) Hershk. (as C. wilsonii Obbens)

title: Calandrinia


text:
User talk:GôTô

Please contact me only at fr:Discussion Utilisateur:GôTô

ethnic French
How can you be in favour of the deletion of an article ? Would you not rather a significant clean-up take place ? Epf 19:18, 13 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes but even the basis of the article is weird. What is a French ? It is not explicitly defined, and so it would be a big clean-up: starting from scratch again might be good. GôTô 08:30, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

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title: User talk:GôTô


text:
Winchfield railway station

Winchfield railway station is located in the small village of Winchfield and also serves Hartley Wintney and surrounding villages and towns such as Odiham and Whitehall in Hampshire, England.

It is 39 mi down the main line from London Waterloo and is situated between Fleet and Hook. Trains typically run every 30 minutes between Waterloo and Basingstoke.

History
The London and South Western Railway (then London and Southampton railway) built a line from London to Southampton via Basingstoke. The railway arrived from Woking on 24 September 1838, and Winchfield station was opened as Shapley Heath as a temporary terminus. On 10 June the following year, the line was completed to Basingstoke and Shapley Heath became a through station. It was soon renamed as Winchfield after the village; the precise date of this is unknown, but it had occurred by November 1840.

As with Hook and Farnborough Main, there is a wide gap between the platforms and their tracks. Originally an island platform stood in between them, but these have been removed. When the station was expanded so this platform could be built, one of the platforms was removed and rebuilt further away. Consequently, the current platforms have different style canopies.

The station is served by 2 trains per hour in each direction during the off-peak hours Monday to Saturday with additional trains during weekday peak hours. On Sundays, trains run once an hour in either direction from the station.

Services
The station is served by 2 trains per hour in each direction during the off-peak hours Monday to Saturday with additional trains during weekday peak hours. On Sundays, trains run once an hour in either direction from the station.

title: Winchfield railway station


text:
Tribune Entertainment

Tribune Entertainment (formerly Mid-America Video Tape Productions, WGN Continental Productions, Tribune Productions and Tribune Entertainment Company) was a television production and broadcast syndication company owned and operated by Tribune Broadcasting. It was started in 1964 as a subsidiary of WGN-TV in Chicago. Many programs offered from Tribune Entertainment have been broadcast on the company's television stations.

Throughout the company's existence, Tribune Entertainment mainly produced first-run syndicated programs (including Geraldo, At the Movies and Earth: Final Conflict), along with some television special (such as the Hollywood Christmas Parade and Soul Train Music Awards).

Tribune Entertainment
Tribune Entertainment was founded in 1964 as Mid-America Video Tape Productions as a subsidiary of television station WGN-TV in Chicago, in order to syndicate National Barn Dance to several television markets. In 1966, it formally became WGN Continental Productions, as a videotape subsidiary of WGN Continental Broadcasting Company. In 1975, Dale M. Juhlin left WGN Continental Productions in order to start out his own production company which was based in Chicago.

Over the years, the company grew that in 1980s that Tribune's first successful program that was distributed for syndication were the agricultural news program U.S. Farm Report, which debuted in 1975; and Independent Network News, a syndicated news program designed for Independent station that was produced by Tribune's New York City station WPIX and debuted in 1980.

In 1982, Tribune picked up newspaper film critics Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel under the show name of At the Movies before losing the hosts four years later to Buena Vista Television. Later on that year, WGN Continental Productions had become Tribune Productions, and Sheldon Cooper, who was previously of Tribune's own television station WGN-TV had assumed president of the unit. In 1983, it became Tribune Entertainment Company, and received agreements to develop two-hour movies for syndication. It gradually expanded its programming to include British programs, and mini-series, as well as a television movie co-production deal.

In 1984, it purchased the television syndication rights to the motion picture The Smurfs and the Magic Flute for use in the syndication market, via Tribune stations, as well as other TV stations on a cash and barter basis. In 1985, another long-running program that Tribune had distributed was the syndicated musical Soul Train, just 9 years after it moved to WGN-TV, from syndication, which debuted in 1971. Also that year, it picked up the rights to the British cop show Dempsey and Makepeace for American screening, produced by ITV weekend franchisee London Weekend Television. In 1987, Tribune partnered with rival syndicatior Coca-Cola Telecommunications on an aborted effort of two projects, namely Gunfighter, which was set for a two-hour telefilm on the Tribune stations on a barter basis, but it never realized.

In 1987, it entered into an agreement with Paramount Domestic Television to handle sales of Geraldo, with Tribune producing the series. That year, Tribune Entertainment Company announced that they would move production of two in-house series, At the Movies and The Farm Report, from the WGN-TV studios in Chicago, to indie production company Polycom in order to make the move a cost-cutting move for the studio, and retains its own crew of producers and distributors in the Chicago area and many engineers at the studio had been laid off too. In 1988, Bud Grant, who had just left CBS partnered with Tribune to start Grant/Tribune Productions to produce TV shows. In 1989, Tribune signed comedienne Joan Rivers to host the daytime syndicated talk program, The Joan Rivers Show, five years before doing Can We Shop?. In 1990, it split their association with Paramount, with Tribune taking sales of both Geraldo and The Joan Rivers Show. On March 1, 1991, Tribune had its Geraldo show as the first US program in the USSR under the recent Glasnost policy.

In January 1994, Tribune Entertainment started a country music initiative across broadcast television, concert touring, direct marketing, home video distribution, pay-per-view and radio syndication. Under the initiative, programming would start in the fall 1994 with a weekly syndicated country music television and companion radio program then home video releases and pay-per-view events in 1995. With Nashville Country Club Inc., Tribune announced as a part of this initiative to operate "Road" performance clubs and restaurants with the first to open in 1995. In July 1995, Tribune sold 22 episodes of "Road", their canceled country music show, to The Nashville Network for broadcast starting in January 1996. In 1996, it entered into an agreement with King World Productions to distribute Geraldo, which would remain on the air until 1998 via a joint first-run development pact deal, and Tribune to continue handling barter advertising sales of the show.

In January 2003, Tribune Entertainment was signed on as distributor of the DIC Kids Network, which came onto the air, beginning in the fall of 2003.

In July 2003, the company purchased syndication rights to 34 DreamWorks Pictures feature films to use on Tribune stations starting in August 2006. The films would be also sold to other stations via barter or sale while supervising marketing for the films.

On December 18, 2007, Tribune Entertainment announced it would exit the program distribution business. In 2008, it sold its Tribune Studios for $125 million to Hudson Capital, LLC.

In 2010, Tribune announced that it would be considering a re-entry into the syndication market with two new talk shows: one a tabloid talk show hosted by Bubba the Love Sponge, and another, "Big Willie" (since renamed The Bill Cunningham Show). Both programs filmed pilot programs and Bill Cunningham's show aired during a week long test on Tribune stations.

Tribune Studios
On March 19, 2013, Tribune appointed Warner Bros. executive Matt Cherniss as president/general manager of a newly formed production division called Tribune Studios (not to be confused with the physical Sunset Bronson Studios, which formerly held the Tribune Studios name and continues to house the facilities of Tribune's KTLA). Tribune Studios will produce programs primarily for the company's 23 television stations and WGN America, some of which will receive national distribution. The initial programs produced by the company starting with the 2012–13 season will include The Bill Cunningham Show (originated through Tribune Broadcasting, now produced by ITV Studios America), The Arsenio Hall Show and The Test (the latter two programs were co-productions with CBS).

Tribune Studios's first original drama, since its formation, for its sister company WGN America was Manhattan which aired from 2014 to 2015 for 2 seasons.

Filmography
This is a listing of programs which were either produced or distributed by Tribune Entertainment & then later on, Tribune Studios:

Children’s programing

 * Ghostbusters (1986) co-produced with Filmation and co-distributed with Group W Productions
 * DiC Kids Network (2003-2007) distributor; produced by DIC Entertainment

Comedies

 * South Park (1997–present) ad sales only from 2005 to 2008 and co-distributed with Debmar-Mercury until 2008, produced by Celluloid Studios (1997); Braniff Productions (1997–2006); Parker-Stone Productions (2006–2007); South Park Studios (2007–present) and Comedy Partners

Daytime shows

 * Beyond with James Van Praagh (2002–2003)
 * The Charles Perez Show (1994–1996)
 * Geraldo/The Geraldo Rivera Show (1987–1998) co-distributed with Paramount Television (1987–1989) and King World Productions (distribution: 1996 –1998)
 * The Joan Rivers Show (1989–1994)
 * Can We Shop?! (1994) mixed talk and shopping show hosted by Joan Rivers co-produced with QVC and Regal Communications

First-run syndicated shows

 * The 5th Wheel (2001-2004) ad sales only from 2001 to 2002, produced and distributed by Universal Worldwide Television (now NBCUniversal Television Distribution)
 * Adventure Inc. (2002–2003) co-produced with Fireworks Entertainment
 * American Idol Rewind (2006–2008) distributor, co-produced by 19 Entertainment and produced by FremantleMedia North America
 * Animal Rescue (2006–present) producer, distributed by Telco Productions
 * The Apollo Comedy Hour (1992–1995) distributed by Tribune Entertainment and produced by Apollo Theatre Productions
 * At the Movies (1982–1990; no relation to the later At the Movies series although both series shared original hosts Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert ) replacement hosts: Rex Reed (1986–90), Bill Harris (1986-88), Dixie Whatley (1988-1990)
 * Blind Date (1999-2006) ad sales only from 1999 to 2002, produced and distributed by Universal Worldwide Television (now NBCUniversal Television Distribution)
 * Beastmaster (1999–2002)
 * Bzzz! (1996–1997)
 * Dempsey and Makepeace (1985-1986) co-produced by London Weekend Television, US distribution only
 * Dog Tales (2007–present) produced, distributed by Telco Productions
 * Earth: Final Conflict (1997–2002)
 * Family Feud (2001–2007) distributor, produced by Pearson Television (now FremantleMedia North America)
 * Gene Roddenberry's Andromeda (2000–2005) co-produced with Fireworks Entertainment
 * Malibu, CA (1998-2000) co-produced with NBC Enterprises
 * Missing (2003–present) producer, distributed by Telco Productions
 * Monsters (1988–1991) distributor
 * Mutant X (2001–2004) co-produced with Fireworks Entertainment
 * National Barn Dance (1964-1967)
 * Night Man (1997–1999)
 * Out of the Blue (1995-1996)
 * The Road (1994–1995) country-and-more music television show produced with High Five Productions, 22 episodes
 * Soul Train (distributor, 1985–2008) produced by Don Cornelius Productions
 * Tales from the Darkside (1983–1988) distributor & co-producer
 * T. and T. (1988–1990)

Teen Sitcoms

 * California Dreams (2001-2005) distributor, produced by NBC Enterprises

Late night talk/variety shows

 * The Dennis Miller Show (1992 )

Made-for-TV movies/Mini-series

 * Emma: Queen of the South Seas, starring Barbara Carrera (1988)
 * Final Shot: The Hank Gathers Story (1992) starring Nell Carter and George Kennedy
 * The Vernon Johns Story, starring James Earl Jones (1994) produced by Laurel Entertainment
 * Voyage of Terror: The Achille Lauro Affair (1990) starring Burt Lancaster

News/information series

 * Independent Network News/USA Tonight (1980–1990)
 * Now it Can Be Told (1991–1992)
 * U.S. Farm Report (1975–2008) produced by Farm Journal Media

Specials

 * Hollywood Christmas Parade (1985–1998)
 * Innocence Lost: The Erosion of American Childhood (1987) on WGN and hosted by Geraldo Rivera
 * The Mystery of Al Capone's Vaults (1986)
 * Soul Train Christmas Starfest (1998–2006)
 * Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards (1995–2006)
 * Soul Train Music Awards (1987–2007)

Daytime shows

 * The Bill Cunningham Show (2011–2016), produced with ITV Studios America
 * The Robert Irvine Show (2016–present), produced with Robert Irvine Productions and Irwin Entertainment

Late night talk/variety shows

 * The Arsenio Hall Show (2013–2014), produced with Arsenio Hall Communications, Eye Productions Inc. and Octagon Entertainment Productions. Distributed by CBS Television Distribution

Dramas

 * Manhattan (2014–2015) WGN America, produced with Skydance Television and Lionsgate Television
 * Outsiders (2016–2017) WGN America, produced with Sony Pictures Television
 * Underground (March 9, 2016 – 2017) WGN America, produced with Get Lifted Film Company, Safehouse Pictures, Sony Pictures Television, Weed Road Pictures

title: Tribune Entertainment


text:
Mark Mangino

Mark Thomas Mangino (born August 26, 1956) is a former American football coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Kansas from 2002 to 2009. In 2007, Mangino received several national coach of the year honors after leading the Jayhawks to their only 12-win season in school history and an Orange Bowl victory. However, he resigned as coach at Kansas two seasons later following allegations of mistreatment of players. While at Kansas, Mangino coached in four bowl games with a 3–1 record, the lone loss coming in the 2003 Tangerine Bowl. Additionally, in five of his eight seasons at Kansas, the Jayhawks were Bowl eligible, they were only bowl eligible five times in the previous thirty seasons. He held multiple assistant coaching jobs before becoming the head coach at Kansas, the longest being an eight season stint at Kansas State as their running game coordinator.

Early life
Mangino was born and raised in New Castle, Pennsylvania. After high school, he was offered a football scholarship at Youngstown State. Mangino played semi-pro baseball in western Pennsylvania until he became an EMT. In his late 20s he returned to Youngstown State to complete his studies and earn his degree.

Early positions
Mangino graduated from Youngstown State University in 1987, serving as an assistant coach there in his last two years under then-head coach Jim Tressel. He also coached at Lincoln High School in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania and at Geneva College, before being hired as an assistant coach at Kansas State University in 1991. Prior to the 1999 season, Mangino left Kansas State to take an assistant position at the University of Oklahoma. While there, he served as the offensive coordinator for the Oklahoma team that beat the defending national champion Florida State Seminoles in the 2000 national championship. Following that season, he was awarded the Frank Broyles Award as the nation's top assistant coach.

Kansas
Mangino was hired as Kansas' head football coach in December 2001. The program had not posted a winning season in any of the 6 seasons prior to his arrival. In 2003, his second season at KU, Mangino led the Jayhawks to an appearance in the 2003 Tangerine Bowl (now known as the Camping World Bowl). This was the first bowl appearance for Kansas since 1995. In 2005, his fourth season at KU, the team finished the regular season 6–5, to post its first winning record under Mangino, and went on to the Fort Worth Bowl, its second bowl game in three seasons. Among the Jayhawks' wins was a 40–15 victory over Nebraska, breaking a losing streak against the Cornhuskers that had begun in 1969, which was the second-longest such streak of consecutive losses in NCAA history. The same year Mangino also built a defense that ranked 11th nationally (based on yards allowed per game) and featured third-team All-American and Big 12 Conference Defensive Player of the Year linebacker Nick Reid. The 2005 team also ranked 6th nationally in total punts.

In 2007, Mangino led the Jayhawks to arguably the greatest season in school history. The Jayhawks finished with a 12–1 record and a share of the Big 12 North title, rising as high as second in both major polls at one point. Only a loss to then third-ranked Missouri cost the Jayhawks a berth in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Jayhawks won the 2008 Orange Bowl (their first ever BCS appearance, and only the third major-bowl appearance in school history). The 12 wins are a school record for wins in a season; it was only the fourth 10-win season in school history. Mangino's defense was ranked 12th in the nation, and 4th in scoring defense. On the other side of the ball, the Jayhawks finished 2nd in scoring offense.

Following the win against the Iowa State Cyclones, Mangino became the first KU football coach with a winning career record since Jack Mitchell in 1966. Mangino's Jayhawks spent 19 consecutive weeks ranked in the AP and/or USA Today polls (2007–08), won 20 games in a 2-year period for the first time in school history, set home attendance average records in each of the last 4 seasons (2004–2008), tallied KU's first appearance in national polls since 1996 and to the school’s highest ranking ever at #2, produced the top 3 total offense seasons in school history, the top two passing seasons and two of the top three scoring seasons and won three Bowl games—the same number they had won in their entire 102-year football history prior to his arrival.

Mangino's 50 wins are the second-most in school history. He is also the only coach since the end of World War II to leave Kansas with a winning record.

2007 Coach of the Year awards
For his accomplishments in 2007, Mangino was named the 2007 National Coach of the Year by the Associated Press, ESPN/ABC, The Sporting News, Football Writers Association, Walter Camp Football Foundation, National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association, American Football Coaches Association, the Maxwell Football Club (George Munger Award), and he has been named the Woody Hayes National Coach of the Year. He was named the Big 12 Coach of the Year by the Big 12 Coaches and Big 12 Co-Coach of the Year by the Associated Press. Upon winning these Coach of the Year awards, he became the only NCAA coach in history to win both the Frank Broyles Award as the nation's top assistant coach and all the major National Coach of the Year awards.

Youngstown State
On March 1, 2013, Mangino was hired at his alma mater, Youngstown State, as the team's assistant head coach and tight ends coach.

Iowa State
On January 6, 2014, Mangino was hired at Iowa State to be the team's offensive coordinator and tight ends coach. In his first season as coach, Mangino returned to Lawrence to face Kansas for the first time since his resignation following the 2009 season, a game the Cyclones lost 14–34. After disagreements about the direction of the offense with head coach Paul Rhoads, Mangino was relieved of his position on October 26, 2015. After Mangino's release, he posted a negative twitter comment that was widely believed to be aimed at the Iowa State program and their defeat at the hands of Kansas State, despite his son Tommy still serving as wide receivers coach for Iowa State.

Lincoln High controversy
After Mangino went 1–9 in his first season as the head coach of Lincoln High School in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania, a group of parents went to the school board and demanded his firing because of his "language, and harsh approach to people". The board elected not to fire Mangino, but he left the school after only one year and did not complete the year as a teacher.

High school referee incident
On September 21, 2002, Mangino yelled at the officiating crew assigned to the Lawrence High School–Olathe East football game in which Mangino's son, Tommy, was playing. Mangino apparently became angry after referees failed to call what he believed was a late hit on Tommy, the Lawrence High quarterback.

Lawrence High School officials took undisclosed action against Mangino after the game for violating a Kansas High School rule barring abuse of game officials by coaches, players and fans.

2004 Kansas–Texas game
In 2004, Mangino paid a $5,000 fine for suggesting that officials acted with favoritism in a questionable offensive pass interference call that affected the outcome of a game against Texas. Mangino implied that money and a BCS berth for the Big 12 Conference influenced the officials to make a call in favor of Texas. He and athletic director Lew Perkins issued public apologies the day after the incident.

NCAA penalties and probation
In 2005, the University of Kansas self-reported to the NCAA that five major rules violations, including academic fraud, had been committed by some of the football team's student-athletes. In 2006, these major violations, along with four others that has allegedly occurred in other KU sports programs, contributed to the NCAA charging the athletics department displaying a "lack of institutional control". A graduate assistant was found to have supplied answers for some of the correspondence courses taken by some prospective recruits from junior colleges. As a result, the football program's ability to recruit players transferring in from junior college was reduced for two years; and, the program lost two scholarships for each of the 2007 and 2008 seasons.

Raimond Pendleton incident
During the first game of the 2007 season in which the University of Kansas beat Central Michigan University, KU's Raimond Pendleton ran a CMU punt back 77 yards for a touchdown; but, as he approached the endzone, he slowed down in order to jump into it in a dramatic fashion. The officials threw a penalty flag for "excessive celebration", and gave the Jayhawks a 15-yard "unsportsmanlike conduct" penalty that forced KU to kick off 15 yards closer to their own endzone. When Pendleton returned to the sideline, an irate Mangino took Pendleton aside and gave him an expletive-laden tongue-lashing. The incident was caught on video, and transmitted by local TV stations in the Topeka and Kansas City areas, eventually finding a wider audience after a copy of it was uploaded to YouTube.

Internal investigations
In November 2009, the recurring issue of Mangino's chronic, alleged misconduct towards his players became the subject of an internal investigation by the University of Kansas Athletic Department. Reportedly, matters came to a head after Mangino grabbed linebacker Arist Wright, yelled at him and poked him in the chest before a game against Colorado. He was formally accused of boorish and violent actions, and several players threatened to transfer after they felt Mangino did not speak to them in a respectful manner. A separate investigation was conducted in 2007, related to Mangino's repeated parking tickets on campus and alleged verbal abuse and negative behavior toward campus staff issuing those tickets.

The Jayhawks regressed significantly in 2009, falling to 5–7. After a prolonged period of negotiations, the university and Mangino's attorneys agreed on a buyout amount that was large enough to secure his quiet resignation in December 2009. Kansas would not win more than three games in a season following Mangino's departure until their 2022 season 13 years later.

Personal life
Mangino and his wife live in his hometown of New Castle, Pennsylvania. His wife was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2011. Mangino lost over 125 lbs between 2012 and 2013.

title: Mark Mangino


text:
Big Red (soft drink)

Big Red is a soft drink. It was created in 1937 by Grover C Thomsen and R.H. Roark in Waco, Texas and originally known as Sun Tang Red Cream Soda. It is an American variety of cream soda and a special off-brand "blue cream soda". Gary Smith was the chief executive officer of Big Red Group (“BRG”) directly responsible for all functional areas. He successfully acquired and integrated numerous businesses to build BRG into a national company, eventually selling the entire business to Keurig Dr Pepper.

History
The name was changed to "Sun Tang Big Red Cream Soda" in 1959 and to "Big Red" in 1969 by Harold Jansing, then president of the San Antonio bottling plant, after hearing a golf caddy refer to the soda by that name.

Big Red was an off-brand spin of blue cream soda initially marketed exclusively in Central and South Texas and around Louisville, Kentucky, and in Southern Indiana. The Louisville connection was due to Roark owning the R.C. Bottling Company in Louisville. Kentucky was the first state in which this soda was available to consumers. May 16, 2018, was proclaimed "Big Red Day" by Louisville mayor Greg Fischer in recognition of the 80th anniversary of Big Red's introduction in that city.

The drink is popular in the Southern United States, known for its unique taste and red color. Though often thought to be bubble gum, its flavor is a combination of lemon and orange oils, topped off by a pure vanilla that offers a creamy aftertaste. Big Red is produced and distributed by various independent bottlers including Keurig Dr Pepper, CCE, and Pepsi Bottling Group under license from Big Red, Inc., based in Austin, Texas.

Big Red was the sixth-highest-selling soft drink company in the United States from 2002 to 2004, after Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Dr Pepper/7Up, Cott, and National Beverage Company. It is the preeminent red crème soda in the South.

In 2007, Big Red Ltd. was purchased by Gary Smith, with backing from Citigroup Venture Capital and Goldman Sachs. Smith serves as the chairman and CEO of Big Red and All Sport, Inc. In 2008, Keurig Dr Pepper purchased a minority interest in Big Red, Inc. Dr Pepper distributes almost 80% of Big Red annually. Although the production facility is still in Waco, Texas, Big Red relocated their corporate headquarters to Austin, Texas, in 2009.

In 2020, Islla St. Brewery in San Antonio, Texas created a Big Red flavored beer called Big Rojo (later renamed Wild Rojo).

Current

 * Big Red
 * Big Red Zero (formerly Diet Big Red)
 * Retro Big Red (sweetened with cane sugar rather than high-fructose corn syrup)

Current, limited availability

 * Big Red Vanilla Float
 * Big Honey Lemonade
 * Big Blue
 * Big Pineapple
 * Big Peach
 * Big Manzana (apple flavored)

Former

 * Sugar Free Big Red Vanilla Float
 * Big Punch Fruit Punch
 * Big Orange

title: Big Red (soft drink)


text:
Hook railway station

Hook railway station serves the large village of Hook and surrounding villages in Hampshire, southern England. There are two platforms serving the outer pair of tracks while the centre pair of tracks have no platforms and are used by through-services.

It is 42 mi down the main line from London Waterloo and is situated between Winchfield and Basingstoke. Trains typically run every 30 minutes in each direction between Waterloo and Basingstoke. It is located within a five-minute walk of Hook.

History
The railway that runs through Hook was built in 1839, but Hook only got its railway station in 1883 after a lengthy campaign by local landowners. It was built by London and South Western Railway in their typical style. It was built with two platforms and two tracks, but was expanded to four platforms and tracks in 1901-2 as Hook grew in size. The middle island platform was removed around the 1960s but its tracks still survive.

In 1940, a bomb landed on the tracks a little way from the station. Worried it could damage the tracks, six soldiers were called to dispose of the bomb. Unfortunately, the bomb went off killing the six soldiers and injuring their sergeant. A group of local people have arranged to have a memorial plaque to them displayed in the station.

title: Hook railway station


text: User talk:64.106.61.20

title: User talk:64.106.61.20


text:
Technirama

Technirama is a screen process that has been used by some film production houses as an alternative to CinemaScope. It was first used in 1957 but fell into disuse in the mid-1960s. The process was invented by Technicolor and is an anamorphic process with a screen ratio the same as revised CinemaScope (2.35:1) (which became the standard), but it is actually 2.25:1 on the negative.

Technical
The Technirama process used a film frame area twice as large as CinemaScope. This gave the former a sharper image with less photographic grain. Cameras used 35mm film running horizontally with an 8-perforation frame, double the normal size, exactly the same as VistaVision. VistaVision cameras were sometimes adapted for Technirama. Technirama used 1.5:1 anamorphic curved mirror optics in front of the camera lens (unlike CinemaScope's cylindrical lenses which squeezed the image in a 2:1 ratio). In the laboratory, the 8-perforation horizontal negative would be reduced optically, incorporating a 1.33:1 horizontal squeeze to create normal 4-perforation (vertically running) prints with images having an anamorphic squeeze ratio of 2:1.

Just as VistaVision had a few flagship engagements using 8-perf horizontal contact prints and special horizontal-running projectors, there is a bit of evidence that horizontal prints were envisioned for Technirama as well (probably with 4-track magnetic sound as in CinemaScope), but to what extent this was ever done commercially, if at all, remains unclear.

The name Super Technirama 70 was used on films where the shooting was done in Technirama and at least some prints were made on 70mm stock by unsqueezing the image. Such prints would be compatible with those made by such 65mm negative processes as Todd-AO and Super Panavision. The quality would have been very good but perhaps a bit less than those processes, because the negative was not quite as large and needed to be printed optically.

Technicolor had roughly 12 of its three-strip Technicolor cameras converted into VistaVision cameras, using camera movements supplied by Mitchell Camera Corporation, the 1932 supplier of the original three-strip camera movements. After the 1956 delivery to Paramount Pictures Corporation by Mitchell Camera Corporation of the newly designed and constructed Mitchell VistaVision cameras, the converted Technicolor three-strip cameras immediately became obsolete, and were surplus to Technicolor's operations. These converted three-strip VistaVision cameras thereafter became the standard Technirama cameras, which were subsequently supplemented by a few Paramount hand-held VistaVision cameras fitted with anamorphic optics. The logistical advantage of using 35mm film, end-to-end, should not be underestimated.

A few 8-perf titles have been preserved on 65mm film, but most have been preserved on 35mm film or are considered unprintable.

The color was enhanced through the use of a special development process that was used to good effect in films such as The Vikings (1958) and The Music Man (1962). However, fewer than 40 films were produced using this process in the United States. It was more popular and longer-lasting in Europe. Walt Disney Productions used the process twice for full-length animated features: Sleeping Beauty (1959), and The Black Cauldron (1985). The 2008 DVD and Blu-ray Disc release of Sleeping Beauty was shown at an aspect-ratio of 2.55:1 for the first time.

Specifications

 * Film: 35 mm running horizontally using eight perforations at 24 frames per second.
 * Film area: 1.496" (38 mm) × 0.992" (25.2 mm).
 * Anamorphic power: 1.5
 * Aspect ratio: 2.35:1 (Prints) 2.25:1 (Negative)

title: Technirama


text: User talk:64.106.60.213

title: User talk:64.106.60.213


text:
Calathea

Calathea is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Marantaceae. They are commonly called calatheas or (like their relatives) prayer plants. About 200 species formerly assigned to Calathea are now in the genus Goeppertia. Calathea currently contains around 60 species. Native to the tropical Americas, many of the species are popular as pot plants due to their decorative leaves and, in some species, colorful inflorescences. The young leaves and bracts can retain pools of water called phytotelmata, that provide habitat for many invertebrates.

Foliage
Calathea leaves are often large and colorfully patterned. The leaves are often variegated with bright colors such as pink, orange, red, and white. The underside of their leaves are frequently purple. During the night, the leaves fold up. In the morning, the leaves unfurl in search of the morning sun. This phenomenon, known as nyctinasty, is made possible by a small joint the plant possesses between the stem and leaf, called a pulvinus.

Flowers
Calathea flowers can be yellow, purple, and white and bloom in the summer. The flowers have an asymmetrical structure with three petals and three free sepals. Calathea bracts are often more attractive than its flowers.

Cultivation
In ample conditions, calatheas can grow up to three feet in height with wide leaves. Though they are slow growers, once they reach their ultimate height they will stop growing.

Light
Like the shady floors of the tropical canopies, this genus prefers low to medium light. Too much direct sunlight can damage their fragile leaves. Signs of too much sun exposure may result in sunburn or dullness in the color of the leaves.

Temperature and humidity
Along with low to indirect light preferences, these plants require high humidity to mimic their natural habitat. Some calatheas are placed in bathrooms, kitchens, and other areas with high-moisture levels. Calatheas prefer temperatures 60 °F / 15 °C and above to support healthy growth. These plants are also sensitive to cold air. The ideal temperatures range for these plants is 75 °F / 23 °C to 85 °F / 29 °C.

Water
Calatheas should be kept moist but not wet, never fully drying out between waterings. Over- or under-watering these plants can lead to root rot or brown, dry leaves. Calathea are sensitive to chemicals and certain heavy metals and minerals found in tap water, mainly chlorine and fluoride. A buildup of excess salts and chlorine solids can also be seen with brown leaf-edges, as the plant may be unable to expel all of its absorbed minerals, post-watering. Therefore, many collectors recommend only watering these plants with distilled water, and being gentle on fertilizer, as well; still, despite the plant’s chemical sensitivities, other gardeners advise against solely using distilled water, as it is devoid of all possible nutrition, and recommend alternating between distilled, reverse osmosis and spring water.

Growing medium
Ideal soil conditions for calatheas should be porous and well draining. Drainage is very important for calatheas due to root rot. A light porous soil and pot with a drainage hole will ensure the plant's delicate root system is not over-watered. Calatheas prefer the soil to be moist but not overwatered. The species also prefers an acidic soil pH.

Cultivars
The genus Calathea is expansive and is not short of many cultivars. Cultivars include:
 * Calathea 'Beauty Star'
 * Calathea 'Dottie'
 * Calathea 'Eclipse'
 * Calathea 'Flame Star'
 * Calathea 'Freddie'
 * Calathea 'Indri'
 * Calathea 'Leopardina'
 * Calathea 'Mia'
 * Calathea 'Misto'
 * Calathea 'Pinstripe'
 * Calathea 'Rattlesnake'
 * Calathea 'Roseopicta'
 * Calathea 'White Star'
 * Calathea 'Zebrina'

Houseplants
The species was first introduced as a houseplant in the 1970s and 1980s. Over the years, calatheas have become a popular houseplant because of their attractive leaves. Calathea are also grown outdoors in Hawaii and southern Florida. Unlike their wild counterparts, few indoor-kept calathea will flower.

Propagation
Plant propagation is the process of creating an offspring of a plant through a mother plant. Calathea achieve propagation through division. To successfully propagate a calathea, one needs to have a healthy established mother plant. After removing the mother plant from its pot, one can gently separate the plant into smaller parts. Once the calathea has been successfully divided, each new grouping must be planted in its own (well-draining) pot. The newly established calathea will soon shoot out new leaves and continue to grow.

Native uses
In its native range, the large and tough leaves are popular for holding small items. Sometimes, they are used unprocessed, e.g. to wrap fish for transport in parts of Brazil, such as the Benevides region of Pará. In other places, the leaves are used in handicraft to produce containers, such as the quivers of the Nukak people of Colombia. Most famous, perhaps, are the decorative Calathea-leaf rice containers produced in some villages of Thailand, especially in Ban Huak (Amphoe Si Bun Rueang) where they are an important source of income and sold to locals and tourists alike.

Calathea foliage is of importance to some herbivores, such as the caterpillars of the purple owl (Caligo beltrao) which feed on C. zebrina. For a list of Calathea diseases, see List of foliage plant diseases (Marantaceae).

Due to habitat destruction, several species are threatened with extinction.

Native regions
Calathea are native to parts of tropical Latin America and were introduced in Hawaii. The genus is native to the following countries and regions:

 * Barbados
 * Belize
 * Bolivia
 * Brazil
 * Colombia
 * Costa Rica
 * Ecuador
 * El Salvador
 * French Guiana
 * Guatemala
 * Guyana
 * Honduras
 * Jamaica
 * Leeward Islands
 * México
 * Nicaragua
 * Panamá
 * Perú
 * Puerto Rico
 * Suriname
 * Trinidad and Tobago
 * Venezuela
 * Venezuelan Antilles
 * Windward Islands

List of species
The following species are accepted:

 * Calathea anderssonii H.Kenn.
 * Calathea anulque H.Kenn.
 * Calathea asplundii H.Kenn.
 * Calathea barryi H.Kenn.
 * Calathea brenesii Standl.
 * Calathea caesariata H.Kenn.
 * Calathea calderon-saenzii H.Kenn. & M.Serna
 * Calathea carlae H.Kenn.
 * Calathea casupito (Jacq.) G.Mey.
 * Calathea chiriquensis H.Kenn.
 * Calathea cofaniorum H.Kenn.
 * Calathea confusa H.Kenn.
 * Calathea congesta H.Kenn.
 * Calathea croatii H.Kenn.
 * Calathea crotalifera S.Watson
 * Calathea erythrolepis L.B.Sm. & Idrobo
 * Calathea fredgandersii H.Kenn.
 * Calathea fredii H.Kenn.
 * Calathea galdamesiana H.Kenn. & Rod.Flores
 * Calathea gentryi H.Kenn.
 * Calathea grandifolia Lindl.
 * Calathea guzmanioides L.B.Sm. & Idrobo
 * Calathea hagbergii H.Kenn.
 * Calathea harlingii H.Kenn.
 * Calathea inscripta (W.Bull) N.E.Br.
 * Calathea ischnosiphonoides H.Kenn.
 * Calathea jondule H.Kenn. & Hammel
 * Calathea jerome H.Kenn.
 * Calathea lanibracteata H.Kenn.
 * Calathea lanicaulis H.Kenn.
 * Calathea louisae
 * Calathea lasiostachya Donn.Sm.
 * Calathea lateralis (Ruiz & Pav.) Lindl.
 * Calathea latrinotecta H.Kenn.
 * Calathea lutea (Aubl.) E.Mey. ex Schult.
 * Calathea marantina (Willd. ex Körn.) K.Koch
 * Calathea monstera H.Kenn.
 * Calathea multispicata H.Kenn. & M.Serna
 * Calathea neillii H.Kenn.
 * Calathea neurophylla H.Kenn.
 * Calathea nitens (W.Bull) Ender
 * Calathea orbifolia Linden & H.A.Kenn. 1982
 * Calathea oscariana H.Kenn.
 * Calathea picturata K.Koch & Linden
 * Calathea platystachya Standl. & L.O.Williams
 * Calathea pluriplicata H.Kenn.
 * Calathea plurispicata H.Kenn.
 * Calathea ravenii H.Kenn.
 * Calathea recurvata H.Kenn.
 * Calathea retroflexa H.Kenn.
 * Calathea rubribracteata H.Kenn.
 * Calathea shishicoensis H.Kenn.
 * Calathea similis H.Kenn.
 * Calathea spiralis H.Kenn.
 * Calathea striata H.Kenn.
 * Calathea tarrazuensis H.Kenn.
 * Calathea timothei H.Kenn.
 * Calathea toroi S.Suárez
 * Calathea trianae L.B.Sm. & Idrobo
 * Calathea utilis H.Kenn.
 * Calathea velutinifolia H.Kenn.
 * Calathea verruculosa H.Kenn.
 * Calathea yawankama H.Kenn.
 * Calathea zebrina Sims & Lindl.

title: Calathea


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Elvira Menéndez (died 1022)

Elvira Menéndez (Portuguese and Galician: Elvira Mendes; c. 996 – 2 December 1022) was a queen consort of Leon by marriage to King Alfonso V.

Life
She was a member of the highest ranks of the nobility of Portugal and Galicia as the daughter of count Menendo González, Count of Portucale and his wife Toda Moniz (also known as Tutadomna, Tota).

She became Queen of León as the wife of King Alfonso V with whom she was raised as a child. Her father, Menendo, was a member of the curia regis of King Bermudo II of León and the tutor and co-regent, jointly with Queen Elvira Garcia, of Infante Alfonso, who later ruled as Alfonso V of León.

Queen Elvira died on 2 December 1022 and was buried in the Royal Pantheon of the Basilica of San Isidoro in León.

Issue
Elvira had two children with Alfonso V whom she married in 1013:
 * Bermudo III of León, killed in 1037 in the Battle of Tamarón by count Ferdinand who was married to Sancha, Bermudo's sister;
 * Sancha of León, queen of León and the wife of Ferdinand I.

title: Elvira Menéndez (died 1022)


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User:Bjornman

Presumably my Wiki Contributions would tell you something about me.

title: User:Bjornman


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User:Melannie

melannie
is a name created for two friends. One named michelle and the other melissa.It is a personal joke between us as i call melissa annie n she calls me mel...we are sixteen year old girls who live in australia and are carefree and fun! mel (michelle) is completly obssessed with orlando bloom!!!! not freaky obsessed but still. Annie(melissa) love bmx and lives for dancing!Annie is one of the best dancers ever and has the hottest dance teacher!haha! The Gold Coast is a great place to grow up and in growing up and being raised here we have learned that life should be fun and logical, but there are dangers out in the world *cough BOYS  cough* ooooh subtle!! be ready for updates on our day to day life!!! hooray online journal that everyone shall see!!!!!!! most beautiful girls ever and why:
 * Wahyuni-she is the most talented and kind person you can ever meet.She ahs the voice of an angel and can rock the dance floor!
 * Triplets-Holly,Hope and Hannah are sooo awsome!Holly is VERY athletic and one of the best female touch football player.Hope is a sensitive everyday chick who is soo smart and yet so gorgeous and Hannah is so sweet and kind and funny! There all beautiful!
 * Isabelle-izi puts friends before herself even though her life isn't all peaches and flowers.She is so kind and has the most naturally beautiful features i think either of us have ever experienced.
 * Taylor-is just a MUNCHKIN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 * we love ryan, stanley, isra, borris, kieran, jeremy, jarred, steven.c, dion(hehe), daniel!

title: User:Melannie


text: User talk:82.36.195.44

title: User talk:82.36.195.44


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1991 in Australia

The following lists events that happened during 1991 in Australia.

Incumbents

 * Monarch – Elizabeth II
 * Governor-General – Bill Hayden
 * Prime Minister – Bob Hawke (until 20 December), then Paul Keating
 * Deputy Prime Minister – Paul Keating (until 3 June), then Brian Howe
 * Opposition Leader – John Hewson
 * Chief Justice – Sir Anthony Mason

State and territory leaders

 * Premier of New South Wales – Nick Greiner
 * Opposition Leader – Bob Carr
 * Premier of Queensland – Wayne Goss
 * Opposition Leader – Russell Cooper (until 9 December), then Rob Borbidge
 * Premier of South Australia – John Bannon
 * Opposition Leader – Dale Baker
 * Premier of Tasmania – Michael Field
 * Opposition Leader – Robin Gray (until 17 December), then Ray Groom
 * Premier of Victoria – Joan Kirner
 * Opposition Leader – Alan Brown (until 23 April), then Jeff Kennett
 * Premier of Western Australia – Carmen Lawrence
 * Opposition Leader – Barry MacKinnon
 * Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory – Trevor Kaine (until 6 June), then Rosemary Follett
 * Opposition Leader – Rosemary Follett (until 6 June), then Trevor Kaine (until 21 June), then Craig Duby (until 21 June), then Gary Humphries (until 22 July), then Trevor Kaine
 * Chief Minister of the Northern Territory – Marshall Perron
 * Opposition Leader – Brian Ede
 * President of the Legislative Assembly of Norfolk Island – David Buffett

Governors and administrators

 * Governor of New South Wales – Peter Sinclair
 * Governor of Queensland – Sir Walter Campbell
 * Governor of South Australia – Sir Donald Dunstan (until 5 February), then Dame Roma Mitchell
 * Governor of Tasmania – Sir Phillip Bennett
 * Governor of Victoria – Davis McCaughey
 * Governor of Western Australia – Sir Francis Burt
 * Administrator of Norfolk Island – Herbert MacDonald
 * Administrator of the Northern Territory – James Muirhead

January

 * 1 January - The Australian Securities Commission commences operations, replacing the National Companies and Securities Commission. The new Commission's function includes investigation and enforcement of corporate and securities law.
 * 2 January – Warship HMAS Westralia (O 195) leaves for the Persian Gulf.
 * 3 January – The musical The Buddy Holly Story premieres in Sydney.
 * 4 January – In Melbourne, 35,000 march to demand the resignation of the government.
 * 7 January –
 * Flooding in Rockhampton is the worst in 36 years.
 * Australia sends troops to assist the United Nations with the Gulf War.
 * 10 January – Australia orders its diplomats out of Baghdad, Iraq.
 * 12 January – Six people drown in floods in Queensland.
 * 13 January – A Victorian factory which supplies United States Armed Forces is destroyed by fire.
 * 14 January –
 * Across the nation, thousands attend church services and protest rallies urging peace.
 * A flood emergency is declared in the Queensland Gulf country.
 * 16 January –
 * Widespread flooding isolates Normanton.
 * A Sydney mother is charged with the murder of her baby daughter.
 * 17 January –
 * The Gulf War begins, with Prime Minister Bob Hawke giving battle orders to the Navy stationed in the Gulf after a telephone call from President Bush.
 * A siege takes place in Brisbane after an off-duty policeman is taken hostage.
 * The unemployment rate falls to 8.1%
 * Victorian Premier Joan Kirner axes two government departments.
 * 18 January – Prime Minister Bob Hawke calls on Israel not to retaliate against Iraq.
 * 19 January –
 * Peace marches across Australia demand the withdrawal of Australian forces from the Gulf.
 * A shark attacks a midnight swimmer in a Gold Coast canal.
 * 21 January –
 * A mini cyclone leaves a trail of destruction in Sydney.
 * Sydney's Australia Square is evacuated after a parcel bomb scare.
 * 22 January - At a special sitting of Parliament, a resolution supporting Australia's commitment to the Gulf War is passed, though 7 Labor MHRs and 3 Senators join the Democrats in opposition.
 * 23 January –
 * Fierce storms lash Adelaide and Melbourne
 * Insurance companies react angrily to Federal Treasurer Paul Keating's levy ruling.
 * Billy Joel arrives for his Australian Tour.
 * 24 January –
 * An Islamic mosque in Sydney's west is fire bombed.
 * Ford announces plans to retrench 1,600 workers at its Geelong and Broadmeadows factories.
 * 25 January – Australia sends Navy divers to join the Gulf task force.
 * 26 January –
 * Professor Fred Hollows is named Australian of the Year.
 * The most senior Iraqi diplomat in Australia is asked to leave.

February

 * 2 February - Public Service criticism of the Public Service Management Commission erupts in mass demonstrations in Queensland.
 * 8 February - In a move to distance himself from the beleaguered Gray, Ray Groom resigns as Tasmanian Deputy Leader, citing fundamental disagreements with his leader. Peter Hodgman replaces him.
 * 10 February - The South Australian Government announces its first $1 billion bail-out of the State Bank of South Australia.
 * 12 February - South Australian Premier John Bannon is forced to agree to the setting up of a Royal Commission into the State Bank of South Australia under Mr. Justice Sam Jacobs.
 * 14 February – the bulk carrier Sanko Harvest sinks off the coast of the Western Australian town of Esperance, leaking 700 tonnes of bunker oil and 30,000 tonnes of fertiliser into the surrounding waters near the Recherche Archipelago.
 * 20 February - Democrat Ian Gilfillan reveals in South Australian Parliament Westpac's leaked "Swiss Loans" letters on the bank's controversial foreign currency loans.

March

 * 21 March - Richard Jones declares Democrats' support for New South Wales Premier Nick Greiner's reform of the Legislative Council, ensuring passage of the legislation.
 * 23 March - In a surprise result, Brisbane's Liberal Lord Mayor Sallyanne Atkinson loses the Brisbane City Council election, 1991 to political novice Jim Soorley, an ex-priest from the Gold Coast.

April

 * 2 April - New South Wales Premier Nick Greiner makes an address to the National Press Club of Australia in which he criticises Federal Treasurer Paul Keating, accusing him of dragging the chain on microeconomic reform and claiming that Keating's apparent lack of interest in fixing Federal-State financial relations may thwart attempts to lower inflation.
 * 4 April - Prime Minister Bob Hawke announces that a Telecom proposal to increase the price of local phone calls by 2 cents to 24 cents and increase business charges may be accepted provided they were below the Consumer Price Index.
 * 7 April - Prime Minister Bob Hawke rebukes Employment, Education and Training Minister John Dawkins during a Cabinet meeting over a speech he made the day before, in which he called for a review of the floating exchange rate, in direct opposition to the Government's policy on the issue. Dawkins also suggested that the Government's pursuit of low inflation may have to be sacrificed in the interests of stabilising the exchange rate. The Prime Minister warns the other ministers that they will face the same fate if they speak on issues outside their normal portfolio responsibilities.
 * 11 April - Prime Minister Bob Hawke volunteers to give evidence to the WA Inc Royal Commission and announces that the former West Australian Premier Brian Burke will return from Ireland next week to testify to the Commission. Mr. Hawke also reverses his earlier categorical denial, given repeatedly in Parliament during the week, that there had been discussion of a gold tax at a lunch with Mr Burke, the failed merchant banker Laurie Connell, Alan Bond and others on 15 June 1987. In evidence before the Royal Commission, Laurie Connell said he received an assurance from the Prime Minister that the Government would not introduce a new gold tax, and that he subsequently donated $250,000 to the Labor Party.
 * 15 April - The Australian Industrial Relations Commission hands down a national wage decision which will give Australia's 7 million workers a 2.5% pay rise. Federal Treasurer Paul Keating joins with the ACTU in condemning the decision which rejects the Accord agreement on wages for the first time since the Hawke Government came to power in 1983. The Commission also rejects Accord proposals for a more flexible wage system.
 * 17 April – The bulk carrier MV Mineral Diamond disappears of the coast of Western Australia. The vessel is believed to have been sunk during adverse conditions caused by Cyclone Fifi.
 * 25 April - Prime Minister Bob Hawke secures a compromise agreement with the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) to end the stalemate on waterfront reform and fix a timetable for pay rises to stevedores linked to the Accord Mark VI. Mr Hawke proposes a two-year contract for waterside workers that would allow a $12-a-week rise from 16 May and further average rises of 4 per cent in exchange for new job classifications.
 * 26 April - The jury in the Sir Leslie Thiess trial finds that the construction and mining magnate had bribed Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen to win government contracts, as well as cheating his companies' shareholders.
 * 30 April -
 * Federal Treasurer Paul Keating intensifies speculation about a change of leadership of the Labor Party by saying publicly that the Labor Party could not demand to have both him and Prime Minister Bob Hawke in the Government at the time of the next election.
 * New South Wales Attorney-General John Dowd resigns after failing to get an assurance from Premier Nick Greiner that he would retain that position after the election.

May

 * 9 May – The report of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody is released. No criminal charges were recommended, nor was compensation for victims' families, but changes were recommended to the way that Aboriginal people were dealt with in police custody.
 * 11 May - Kevin Andrews wins the 1991 Menzies by-election for the federal seat of Menzies following the retirement of Liberal Deputy Leader Neil Brown.
 * 23 May - Protesters storm Parliament House, Brisbane, angry at the Labor Caucus' approval for legislation giving Aborigines limited land rights but restricting their claims to less than 3% of Queensland.
 * 25 May – The state election in New South Wales produces a hung parliament. The ruling Liberal/National coalition government of Nick Greiner manages to form a minority government with the support of four Independent MPs.
 * 30 May – A television report reveals that Prime Minister Bob Hawke made a secret deal in 1988, known as the "Kirribilli agreement", to hand over the Australian Labor Party (ALP) leadership at a suitable time after the 1990 federal election to Paul Keating.

June

 * 3 June –
 * After the secret deal emerged, Paul Keating makes his first challenge against Bob Hawke for the Australian Labor Party leadership. Hawke wins 66–44, and Keating resigns as Treasurer the same day. Brian Howe becomes Deputy Prime Minister and John Kerin becomes Treasurer. Simon Crean is promoted to the position of Primary Industry Minister.
 * The Federal Government's monthly deficit blows out to more than 1.2 billion dollars.
 * Warner Bros. Movie World holds a grand opening, Mel Gibson, Kurt Russell and Goldie Hawn were those in attendance.
 * 24 June - 27 June - The Australian Labor Party Centenary Conference is held in Hobart.

July

 * 4 July - Leading Sydney heart surgeon Dr. Victor Chang is shot and killed near his home in the Sydney suburb of Mosman. His murder is the result of a bungled kidnapping and extortion attempt.
 * 30 July - A special Premiers' Conference produces an in-principle agreement to devolve to the states greater taxing power and service responsibilities.

August

 * 2 August – The Palm Grove Hostel fire kills 12 people in Dungog, New South Wales.
 * 5 August – Former Queensland Police Commissioner Terry Lewis is sentenced to 14 years in prison for corruption.
 * 17 August – Strathfield massacre: Wade Frankum kills seven people, mostly women, in a killing spree in Strathfield Plaza in Sydney.
 * 19 August - Australian Democrats Leader Janet Powell is dumped by a vote of 6 of the 8 Senators, following a petition from members.
 * 20 August - John Kerin delivers his first Federal Budget.
 * 23 August - New South Wales Democrats Senator Paul McLean resigns from the Senate, later replaced by Karin Sowada.

September

 * 15 September - Federal Opposition Leader John Hewson re-affirms a consumption tax (Goods and Services Tax), as integral to the Coalition's electoral strategy, despite Tim Fischer's public doubts about its saleability.
 * 24 September - The trial of former Queensland Premier Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen begins in Brisbane.

October

 * 2 October - A 60 Minutes interview with John Hewson's former wife and three children helps to damage his political standing.
 * 19 October – The perjury trial of former Premier of Queensland Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen ends in a hung jury 10:2. Prosecutors decide against a retrial on the basis of Joh's advancing age and divided public opinion.
 * 22 October - Paul Keating addresses the National Press Club of Australia, continuing his attacks on Prime Minister Bob Hawke's "new federalism".
 * 23 October – The first general strike in Australia in 65 years takes place in New South Wales.
 * October to December – The world's largest blue-green algal bloom takes place on the Darling River, and after the deaths of over a thousand livestock, leads the New South Wales Government to declare a state of emergency.

November

 * 11 November - Joan Sheldon successfully challenges Denver Beanland to become leader of the Queensland Liberal Party.
 * 20 November - After weeks of successive leaks, the full text of the Coalition's Fightback! (policy) is released, the day before its official launch. Initial reaction from business and financial interests is positive, and Labor is caught unprepared.

December

 * 6 December - John Kerin, unable to sell the Budget or counter Fightback! is sacked as Federal Treasurer and replaced by Ralph Willis.
 * 9 December - Queensland Opposition Leader Russell Cooper announces that he is under investigation for the funding of a trip to Hamilton Island with his wife and that he has refunded the cost of the trip. He stands down as National Party Leader and is replaced by Rob Borbidge.
 * 15 December - Russell Cooper and Joan Sheldon announce that the Queensland Nationals and Liberals will co-operate in order to reduce the conflict over the new seats before the next election.
 * 16 December - After a week of intense pressure, Prime Minister Bob Hawke is informed by a Button-led delegation that he no longer has the confidence of the Labor Party.
 * 19 December – Paul Keating makes his second Labor leadership challenge. This time, he wins 56–51 and becomes Australia's 24th Prime Minister the next day.
 * 20 December – Barely a year after starting up, Compass Airlines Mk I is shut down. The shutdown is somewhat controversial, coming shortly before the peak Christmas travelling period and coming about partially as a result of debts owed to a government authority.
 * 25 December - Prime Minister Paul Keating announces his Federal Cabinet, with John Dawkins as Treasurer.

Arts and literature

 * Cloudstreet adapted for the stage by Nick Enright and Justin Monjo, the theatrical adaptation opened in Sydney under the direction of Neil Armfield. Seasons followed in Perth, Melbourne, London, Dublin, New York and Washington, D.C.
 * David Malouf's novel The Great World wins the Miles Franklin Award

Film

 * Death in Brunswick
 * Dingo
 * Flirting
 * Proof

Television

 * January - Network Ten relaunches with a new logo, which was used until 31 October 2018, after its sale by CBS.
 * 10 February - American animated comedy series The Simpsons debuts on Network Ten.
 * 31 December - The Northern New South Wales television market is aggregated, with Prime Television taking a Seven Network affiliation, NBN taking a Nine Network affiliation & NRTV (now Southern Cross Ten) taking a Network Ten affiliation.

Sport

 * 2 January – Australian Nicole Provis loses in the Danone Women's Open Tennis Championship.
 * 3 January – Jana Novotina is out of the Danone Women's Open Tennis Championship.
 * 4 January – The last remaining player Rachel McQuillan is out of the Danone Women's Open.
 * 5 January – The Danone Women's Open is delayed due to rain.
 * Greg Matthews puts Australia on top in the Third Ashes Test.
 * 6 January – Czech player Helena Sukova wins the Danone Women's Hard Court Championship.
 * 7 January – Hayley Lewis makes it into the finals of the World Swimming Championships.
 * 26 January – Monica Seles becomes the youngest winner of the Australian Open Tennis Championship.
 * 27 January – Boris Becker beats Ivan Lendl in the Australian Open Tennis Championship and takes the world's top ranking.
 * 22 February – First day of the Australian Track & Field Championships for the 1990-1991 season, which are held at the Sydney Athletic Field in Sydney, New South Wales. The combined events were conducted in Perth on 22 and 23 March, while the relays were conducted at Hobart on 6 January 1991.
 * 22 March – The Adelaide Crows play their first game in the AFL. In front of a sellout crowd at Football Park (now AAMI Stadium), they defeat Hawthorn 24.11.155 to 9.15.69
 * May – South Melbourne, managed by legendary Hungarian Ferenc Puskás, defeat Melbourne Croatia on penalties after a thoroughly entertaining 1–1 draw in the National Soccer League Grand Final at Olympic Park.
 * 2 June – Carlton go within thirty seconds of becoming the first goalless team in the VFL/AFL since 1961 and only the second since 1921. Mark Arceri kicks a goal from a free kick with 33 seconds remaining.
 * 3 June – England soccer team scores a one-nil victory over Australia.
 * 21 July – Sean Quilty wins his first men's national marathon title, clocking 2:14:59 in Brisbane, while Karen Gobby claims the women's title in 2:36:42.
 * 22 September – Minor premiers Penrith Panthers defeat Canberra Raiders 19–12 to win the 84th NSWRL premiership. It is the first premiership for Penrith, who had been trying since 1967 to win one. Raiders lock Bradley Clyde is awarded the Clive Churchill medal for man of the match, becoming the only player to win the award twice until 2017. Gold Coast Seagulls finish in last position, claiming the wooden spoon.
 * 28 September – Hawthorn (20.19.139) defeat the West Coast Eagles (13.8.86) to win the 95th VFL/AFL premiership. It is the most recent grand final that was not played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, it was played at Waverley Park instead as the MCG was being renovated.
 * 2 October – NSWRL premiers Penrith Panthers are defeated by RFL Championship winners Wigan 21–4 in the 1991 World Club Challenge, held in Liverpool, England.

Births

 * 2 January – Steele Sidebottom, footballer
 * 7 January – Michael Walters, Australian rules footballer
 * 8 January – Josh Jackson, rugby league player
 * 1 February – Blake Austin, rugby league player
 * 11 February – Shanina Shaik, model
 * 13 February – Junior Roqica, Australian-Fijian rugby league player
 * 5 March – Hanna Mangan-Lawrence, actress
 * 14 March – Rhiannon Fish, Canadian-born actress
 * 15 March – Kurt Baptiste, rugby league player
 * 20 March - Ethan Lowe, rugby league player
 * 26 March - Jack Watts, Australian rules footballer
 * 2 April – Luke Jones, rugby player
 * 14 April – James Frecheville, actor
 * 17 April – Tessa James, actress
 * 23 April – Paul Vaughan, rugby league player
 * 23 May – Sam Masters, speedway rider
 * 25 May – Joe Robinson, musician
 * 1 June – Sally Peers, tennis player
 * 7 June
 * Olivia Rogowska, tennis player
 * Gary Rohan, footballer
 * 23 June – Damien Cook, rugby league player
 * 26 June – Dustin Martin, footballer
 * 23 July – Lauren Mitchell, gymnast
 * 24 July – Penelope Mitchell, actress
 * 30 July – Taylor Glockner, actor
 * 12 August – Jesinta Campbell Franklin, model
 * 17 August – Michael Hepburn, cyclist
 * 27 August – Alex Carey, cricketer
 * 19 September – Demelza Reveley, model
 * 9 October –Tyson Frizell, Australian-Welsh rugby league player
 * 17 October –
 * Gabriella Cilmi, singer
 * Joseph Dare, footballer
 * 20 October – Mitchell Marsh, cricketer
 * 8 November – Jason Waterhouse, sailor
 * 18 November – Ahmed Kelly, Paralympic swimmer
 * 28 November – Stephanie Wood, netball player
 * 10 December – Thomas Oar, soccer player
 * 19 December – Keiynan Lonsdale, actor
 * 20 December – Isabel Durant, actress
 * 27 December – Sam Reid, Australian rules footballer

Deaths

 * 12 January – Sir Robert Jackson, public servant and United Nations administrator (died in the United Kingdom) (d. 1991)
 * 14 January – Gordon Bryant, Victorian politician (b. 1914)
 * 9 March – Ralph Green, Australian rules footballer (Carlton) (b. 1911)
 * 11 March – Hector Crawford, Australian television producer (b. 1913)
 * 24 March – Sir John Kerr, 18th Governor-General of Australia (b. 1914)
 * 23 May – Manning Clark, historian (b. 1915)
 * 14 June – Vladimir Petrov, defected Soviet spy (born in Russia) (b. 1907)
 * 29 June
 * Sheree Beasley, murdered schoolgirl (b. 1985)
 * Russ Hinze, Queensland politician (b. 1919)
 * 4 July – Victor Chang, cardiac surgeon (born in China) (b. 1936)
 * 14 July – Ian Dougald McLachlan, military officer (b. 1911)
 * 7 October – Darren Millane, Australian rules footballer (Collingwood) (b. 1965)
 * 28 December – Cassandra Harris, actress (died in the United States) (b. 1948)

title: 1991 in Australia


text:
Angelo Argea

Angelo Argea (November 7, 1929 – October 10, 2005) was best known as the caddie for Jack Nicklaus.

Argea was born in Greece. He and Nicklaus first met at the Palm Springs Golf Classic in 1963, when Argea signed up to caddie for him. Argea continued to caddie for Nicklaus for over 20 years. During this time, he was on the bag for 44 of Nicklaus' 70 PGA Tour wins (that tally would later be revised to 73 when Open Championship wins were added to PGA Tour win records). Argea was easily recognizable by his gray afro. Of Argea, Nicklaus has remarked, "Essentially, he has been retired since he was twenty-one."

At the majors, players could not use their own caddies until the mid-1970s;  the Masters held out until 1983. Argea's first major win with Nicklaus was the PGA Championship in 1975.

A golfer once noticed that Argea didn't read greens, step off the yardage or select clubs, so he asked Argea, "What exactly do you do for Jack?" Argea replied, "He asked me to do two things. When he's not playing well, one, remind him that he's the best golfer out there. And two, that there's plenty of holes left."

"Angelo was known for his ... gray afro, but he should also be known for being an excellent caddie," Nicklaus said.

He was inducted into the PCA Worldwide Caddie Hall of Fame in 1999. In 2005, Argea died of liver cancer at the age of 75 in Canton, Ohio.

title: Angelo Argea


text:
Fradkov

Fradkov, Фрадков, feminine Fradkova is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Mikhail Fradkov (born 1950), Russian politician
 * Pavel Fradkov, Russian government official
 * Petr Fradkov (born 1978), Russian economist and banker

title: Fradkov