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JT (visualization format)

JT (Jupiter Tessellation) is an openly-published ISO-standardized 3D CAD data exchange format used for product visualization, collaboration, digital mockups, and other purposes. It was developed by Siemens.

It can contain any combination of approximate (faceted) data, boundary representation surfaces (NURBS), Product and Manufacturing Information (PMI), and Metadata (textual attributes) either exported from the native CAD system or inserted by a product data management (PDM) system.

The JT format contains a scene graph representation of an assembly, nested sub-assemblies of parts with CAD specific node and attributes data. Facet information (triangles) is stored by using geometry compression techniques. Visual attributes of 3D scene and model like lights, textures, and/or materials are supported. Product and Manufacturing Information (PMI), Precise Part definitions (BRep), additional metadata, and a variety of representation configurations are supported. The JT format is designed to be streamable.

Overview
JT files are used in product lifecycle management (PLM) software programs and their respective CAD systems, by engineers and other professionals that need to analyze the geometry of complex products. The format and associated software is structured so that extremely large numbers of components can be quickly loaded, shaded and manipulated in real-time. Because all major 3D CAD formats are supported, a JT assembly can contain a mixture of any combination which has led to the term "multi-CAD". As JT is typically implemented as an integral part of a PLM solution, the resulting multi-CAD assembly is managed such that changes to the original CAD product definition files can be automatically synchronized with their associated JT files resulting in a multi-CAD assembly that is always up-to-date.

Because JT files are inherently "lightweight" (~1-10% of the size of a CAD file) they are ideal for internet collaboration. With the growing trend toward globalization, more companies are leveraging resources wherever they are available in the world. Collaboration using JT allows companies to send 3D visualization data to suppliers and partners much more easily than sending the associated "heavy" CAD files. In addition, real-time, on-line collaboration is easier because the amount of information sent back-and-forth across the internet is reduced. Finally, JT provides an inherent security feature such that intellectual property does not have to be shared with inappropriate parties. As indicated above, JT can contain any combination of data such that the right amount of information can be shared without exposing the underlying proprietary design definition information.

JT is often used for Digital mock-up (DMU) work, which allows engineers to validate that a product can be assembled without interferences long before a physical prototype could be produced. This "spatial validation" is enabled by precise measurements and cross-sectioning as well as sophisticated clearance/interference detection. Leveraging JT for digital mock-up allows users to reduce or eliminate costly physical prototypes and enables decision-making to occur much earlier in the development process.

Finally, JT is used as a CAD interoperability format for exchanging design data for Collaborative Product Development, where JT files are created by translating data from CAD systems such as NX (Unigraphics), Creo Elements/Pro, FORAN, I-DEAS, Solid Edge, Catia, Microstation or Autodesk Inventor.

Large model rendering
JT was created to support the interactive display of very large assemblies (i.e. those containing tens of thousands of components). The JT file format is capable of storing an arbitrary number of faceted representations with varying levels of detail (LODs). When the whole product is displayed on the computer screen the hosting application displays only a simple, coarse, model. However, as the user zooms into a particular area, progressively finer representations are loaded and displayed. Over time, unused representations are unloaded to save memory.

History
JT was originally developed by Engineering Animation, Inc. and Hewlett-Packard as the DirectModel toolkit (initially Jupiter). JT is the abbreviation for Jupiter Tesselation. When EAI was purchased by UGS Corp., JT became a part of UGS's suite of products. Early in 2007 UGS announced the publication of the JT data format easing the adoption of JT as a master 3D format. Also in 2007, UGS was acquired by Siemens AG and became Siemens Digital Industries Software. JT is the common interoperability format in use across all of Siemens Digital Industries Software and has been adopted as the long term data archival format across all of Siemens.

On September 18, 2009, the ISO stated officially that the JT specification has been accepted for publication as an ISO Publicly Available Specification (PAS). End of August 2010 the Ballot for the New Work Item (NWI) proposal for JT as ISO International Standard was started by ProSTEP iViP. ProSTEP iViP thereby aimed on the one hand to publish the JT file format specification as ISO Standard and, on the other hand, to harmonize this undertaking with the new STEP AP 242 development, so that JT and STEP (especially STEP AP 242 XML) can be used together to assure major benefits within industrial data exchange scenarios. In 2012 December, JT has been officially published as ISO 14306:2012 (ISO JT V1) as a 3D visualization format, based on version 9.5 of JT specifications released by Siemens Digital Industries Software. Through this publication via ISO, for the first time a completely neutral and royalty-free specification of JT was available.

Beginning of 2013, in ISO the specification of ISO JT V2 was started. The ISO/DIS 14306 V2 was accepted by ISO in November 2016. The final International Standard was published in November 2017. Main difference between V1 and V2 is the incorporation of a STEP B-rep as an additional B-rep segment.

For providing additional functionalities and innovations required by industry, ProSTEP iViP and VDA decided mid of 2015 to specify a so-called JT Industrial Application Package (JTIAP), which is a JT file format specification completely compatible to ISO 14306 (V1 as well as the future V2) and currently existing JT-Open-based implementations. Thereby, JTIAP provide a more comprehensive compression algorithm (LZMA), specifies XT B-rep as recommended representation of exact geometry and allows the neutral and royalty-free implementation of JT.

Data model
The JT data model is capable of representing a wide range of engineering data. This data can be very lightweight, holding little more than facet data or it can be quite rich, containing complete NURBS geometry representations along with product structure, attributes, meta data and PMI. It also supports multiple tessellations and level-of-detail (LOD) generation.

 * Product Structure - assembly, part, instance
 * Facet - polygon, polygon set
 * Lighting - light set, point light, infinite light
 * Textures
 * Precise Geometry and Topology - point, curve, surface, face, loop, edge, vertex
 * Boundary representation (B-rep) could use either JT B-rep and XT B-rep (Parasolid) format, STEP B-rep will be supported by ISO JT V2
 * Geometry Primitives - box, cylinder, pyramid, sphere
 * Product and Manufacturing Information (PMI) - GD&T, 3D annotations
 * Attributes / Properties - text, integer, float, date, layers

File structure
The relationship of product structure hierarchy to exported JT file structure is arbitrary. Any node in the hierarchy may be specified as the start of a new JT file. Thus, product structure may be represented in a variety of JT file configurations.

JT supports common product structure-to-file structure mappings. These include: Client applications may use these mappings, or choose to define their own custom mapping.
 * Per part - All assembly nodes in a product structure hierarchy are stored in a single JT file, and each part node in the hierarchy is stored in an individual JT file in a sub-directory that is of the same name as the assembly JT file.
 * Fully shattered - Each product structure node in the hierarchy is stored in an individual JT file.
 * Monolithic - All product structure is stored in a single JT file.
 * PLMXML - An open XML-based file format, specified by Siemens Digital Industries Software. A PLMXML-structure could link to the model data in another file (an External Representation), or the data can be embedded within the Representation element in the XML file (an InternalRepresentation).
 * STEP AP 242 XML - An ISO Standard, with allows to represent assembly, meta, kinematic data etc. and to link to the model data as external references (leaves on a STEP-tree). In global automotive industry, for realizing cross-company data exchange scenarios the application of STEP AP 242 XML and JT is recommended.

Compression
To help shrink the storage and transmission bandwidth requirements of 3D models, JT files may take advantage of compression. Use of compression is transparent to the user of the JT data, and a given model may be composed of JT files using different compression settings (including none).

To date, the JT file format has evolved through two forms of compression, exposed in JT Open Toolkit as standard and advanced compression. These differ in that the former employs a simple, lossless compression algorithm, while the latter employs a more sophisticated, domain-specific compression scheme supporting lossy geometry compression. Client applications are encouraged to take advantage of advanced compression over standard compression, as attainable compression ratios are much greater. Support for standard compression is maintained only in the interest of backward compatibility with legacy JT file viewing applications.

The compression form used by a JT file is related to the JT file format version in which it was written. This version is readily viewable by opening a JT file in a text editor and looking at its ASCII header information.

title: JT (visualization format)


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Talk:Axe (brand)

List of Lynx/Axe fragrances?
What happened to the table containing a list of all the fragrances with the dates released/discontinued? It was definitely on here a couple of years ago. Pag2006 (talk) 10:44, 26 August 2016 (UTC)

IBX Updates
Hello pals,

I'd like to propose a change to this article's infobox.

Unilever is listed as the "Owner", but the IBX parameters found in the provided reference state:

"...is a subsidiary or division, omit the owner field and use the parent field instead"

If this doesn't cause any editor-friction, I'd like to circle back here soon and update the IBX myself!

Thank you to all!

ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_company#:~:text=num_employees%20also%20supplied.-,parent,-The%20name(s Dunkinidaho (talk) 00:44, 24 March 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Axe (brand)


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Robert Kerman

Robert Charles Kerman (December 16, 1947 – December 27, 2018), also known as R. Bolla, was an American actor who had a pornographic acting career during what is considered to be the "golden age" period of the porn film industry during the mid-1970s to the early/mid-1980s. As R. Bolla (named after a box of Bolla wine he was overlooking while being asked for a stage name), he appeared in well over 100 pornographic films, most famously Debbie Does Dallas (1978). He was one of few adult performers to have an appreciable mainstream acting career, with a leading role as Professor Harold Monroe in the controversial horror film Cannibal Holocaust (1980).

Early life
Born to a Jewish family in the Brooklyn borough of New York City, New York, he grew up in a middle-class Italian neighborhood of Bensonhurst. Kerman graduated from Brooklyn College in 1970. While in college, he began his acting career and appeared in numerous Off-Broadway plays. Later he also studied acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.

Adult film career
Kerman's onscreen sex appearances began with director Roberta Findlay's Anyone But My Husband. His name was abbreviated from Richard Bolla to R. Bolla after being called "Dick" by his peers, which annoyed him. He became one of the most prolific male stars of the Golden Age of Porn. Unlike many of his adult-industry peers, Kerman bitterly regretted his participation in the adult film industry, especially being in the film Debbie Does Dallas, which he felt ruined any prospect of him attaining mainstream acting success. He stated: "In retrospect I'm really sorry that I did it, because I probably ruined the best years of my life as an actor." He was inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame in 1998. He performed in 230 films.

Film career
Although his professional career began in adult films, Kerman was a trained actor who played minor parts in such mainstream productions such as The Goodbye Girl (1977) and Concorde Affaire '79. In the 1980s, he starred in several Italian horror films, including Ruggero Deodato's Cannibal Holocaust, and Umberto Lenzi's cannibal films Mangiati Vivi and Cannibal Ferox. Still, he remained active in pornography throughout the first half of the decade, with roles including Lawyer Quim in Liquid A$$ets (1982), and Fritz von Holenwohl in the Henri Pachard directed Public Affairs (1984). In 1985, attempting to work solely in mainstream productions, he obtained a Hollywood agent and went on to play supporting roles in television series such as Hill Street Blues and Simon & Simon. In 1987 he appeared in the film No Way Out. However, he also continued to appear in pornographic cinema and was dropped by his agent. Unable to find work and feeling betrayed, he slid into years of depression and substance abuse.

Cannibal Holocaust
In the DVD commentary for Cannibal Holocaust (in interview with Sage Stallone and Bob Murawski), Kerman described film director Ruggero Deodato as "remorseless" and "uncaring". Incensed by the realization during filming that an animal's death was not being faked, Kerman physically tackled the director and stormed off the set. He was not present when other animals, including a coatimundi, were killed. Kerman was also a guest for the film's 35th-anniversary screening at the Alamo Drafthouse Cinema in Yonkers, New York, on February 28, 2015.

Later career
In the 2000s, Kerman played a sea captain in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man, and Dr. Monroe in the drama short Vic, directed by Sage Stallone. He made personal appearances at horror conventions to speak about his experiences on Cannibal Holocaust. Kerman died on December 27, 2018, at the age of 71 of complications of diabetes.

Filmography (selection)

 * 1975: Anyone But My Husband (as Robert Kerr) - Director: Roberta Findlay
 * 1976: Blow Dry (as Richard Bolla) – Director: David Secter
 * 1976: Sex Wish – Director: Zebedy Colt & Victor Milt
 * 1977: Punk Rock (as Richard Bolla) – Director: Carter Stevens
 * 1977: Inside Jennifer Welles – Director: Jennifer Welles
 * 1977: The Goodbye Girl – Director: Herbert Ross
 * 1978: Debbie Does Dallas (as Richard Balla) – Director: Jim Clark
 * 1979: For Richer, for Poorer (as Richard Bolla) – Director: Gerard Damiano
 * 1979: Concorde Affaire '79 – Director: Ruggero Deodato
 * 1979: The Concorde ... Airport '79 – Director: David Lowell Rich
 * 1980: The Satisfiers of Alpha Blue (as R. Bolla) – Director: Gerard Damiano
 * 1980: Cannibal Holocaust (Director: Ruggero Deodato)
 * 1980: Eaten Alive! (Director: Umberto Lenzi)
 * 1981: Amanda by Night (as R. Bolla) (Director: Gary Graver)
 * 1981: Debbie Does Dallas Part II (as R. Bolla)
 * 1981: Cannibal Ferox (Director: Umberto Lenzi)
 * 1982: The Devil in Miss Jones Part II (as R. Bolla) (Director: Henri Pachard)
 * 1982: The Clairvoyant (Director: Armand Mastroianni)
 * 1982: Center Spread Girls (as R. Bolla)
 * 1982: Mission Hill (Director: Bob Jones)
 * 1983: Public Affairs (as R. Bolla) (Director: Henri Pachard)
 * 1984: Liquid A$$ets (as R. Bolla)
 * 1984: Death Mask (Director: Richard Friedman)
 * 1985: Hot Blooded (as R. Bolla)
 * 1985: Spitfire (as R. Bolla)
 * 1986: Night of the Creeps (Director: Fred Dekker)
 * 1987: Street Heat (as Richard Bolla)
 * 1987: Corporate Assets (as R. Bolla)
 * 1987: No Way Out (Director: Roger Donaldson)
 * 1998: Men Under Water (Director: Douglas Morse)
 * 2002: Spider-Man (Director: Sam Raimi)
 * 2006: Vic (Director: Sage Stallone)

Awards

 * 1981 Adult Film Association of America Award – Best Supporting Actor (Outlaw Ladies) tied with Richard Pacheco
 * 1983 Critics Adult Film Award – Best Supporting Actor (Devil in Miss Jones 2)
 * 1997 AVN Hall of Fame
 * 2008 XRCO Hall of Fame

title: Robert Kerman


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text: User talk:204.193.45.69

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text: Category:Banks of Saint Lucia

title: Category:Banks of Saint Lucia


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Monitor (Polish newspaper)

The Monitor was one of the first newspapers in Poland, published from 1765 to 1785, during the Polish Enlightenment.

Founding
Monitor was founded in March 1765 by Ignacy Krasicki and Franciszek Bohomolec, with active support from King Stanisław August Poniatowski. It came out weekly, later semi-weekly. Its title was a tribute to the "small" Monitor published by Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski.

Themes
Inspired by the English Spectator and the spirit of rationalism and religious tolerance, Monitor has contributed to a negative view of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth under the Wettin dynasty. The Monitor advocated reforms and criticized a degenerate Sarmatian culture and the abuses of "Golden Liberty."

Editors

 * Franciszek Bohomolec
 * Ignacy Krasicki
 * Wawrzyniec Mitzler de Kolof

title: Monitor (Polish newspaper)


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P. S. Senior Secondary School

P.S. Senior Secondary School is situated in the Mylapore area of Chennai, India. Most students graduating enter higher education institutions especially engineering institutions like NIT Tiruchi and Anna University. It is a CBSE school in Chennai city.

History
The school was founded by Mr. Pennathur Subramania Iyer. The emphasis of the Tamil Nadu state Government on Tamil being used as the medium of instruction was causing a fall in Tamil Nadu's share of employment in all-India and central services and in the national science and technology establishments. In 1973 P.S. Charities promoted the establishment of English medium schools. The P.S. Educational Society started, on 9 June 1976, P.S. Senior Secondary School, starting with standards I-VII from 1976.

P.S.Senior Secondary School (affiliated with the CBSE), was started to help the public and very importantly, the employees of the central government and in the matter of the educational affairs of their children. The school is located in a spacious campus with well-equipped science laboratories and libraries. The school has a playground which spans over 10,000 square metres and a lot of importance is given to sports. The school also houses an art center, which focuses on identifying and nurturing talent.

This decision was passed in the court case at the Madras High Court, labelled Dr. S. Anandalakshmy versus Government of India CBSE.

Description
The school is situated on a 3.2 acre campus with a playground as its center, divided into four blocks:

 * Administration: consists of the principal's office, the computer science laboratory, the electrical gadgets lab, the seminar and examination halls, the audio visual room and the mathematics laboratory.
 * Science: houses the classrooms for middle and senior school students, the Science and Typewriting labs and the library.
 * Yoga: extracurricular activities such as music and dance and indoor sports.
 * Primary, Middle, Secondary and Senior Secondary blocks are there with its separate staff rooms.

There is a kindergarten block with a small playground.

The main school playground has a badminton court, three volleyball-cum-throwball courts, a basketball court, a football court, and two cricket nets.

Olympiads and competitive examinations
Wins at the International and National Olympiads from 1995 to 2010:
 * Mathematics Olympiad
 * 1995–1996, Silver Medal (Toronto, Canada)
 * 1999–2000, Silver Medal (Bucharest, Romania)

 * Biology Olympiad
 * 1999–2000 Silver Medal (Antalya, Turkey)
 * 2001–2002 Bronze Medal (Jurmala, Latvia)
 * 2002–2003 Bronze Medal (Minsk, Belarus)
 * 2004–2005 Gold Medal (Beijing, China)
 * 2007–2008 Silver Medal (Mumbai, India)

 * Chemistry Olympiad
 * 2001–2002 Bronze Medal (Groningen, Netherlands)
 * 2002–2003 Gold Medal (Athens, Greece)
 * 2002–2003 Silver Medal (Athens, Greece)
 * 2005 Silver Medal (Taipei, Taiwan)
 * 2004 Gold Medal - National Level Olympiad
 * 2004 Gold Medal - National Level Olympiad
 * 2009 Top 10 Medal at National Level Olympiad

 * International Olympiad for Informatics
 * 2006 Bronze Medal (Merida, Mexico)
 * 2009 Silver Medal (Bulgaria)

Sports achievements

 * CBSE Under 19 National Girls Football Championship 2013-2014 - Bronze Medal
 * Commonwealth Chess Championship (2008) Boys Under-14 – Gold Medal
 * World Youth Chess Championship 2009
 * Table Tennis State Champion in Junior Girls Category
 * Women State Ranking No. 2
 * TNCA U16 boys cricket tournament Winners
 * CBSE Under 19 National Girls Football Championship- Winner

The school has two of its students who have qualified for the finals of the World Scholars Cup to be held at Yale University USA. The school has four of its students in the under-16 boys cricket team.

Cultural Achievements
PS Senior is one of the top schools in Chennai in culturals.
 * PS has secured first place in 6 of 8 cultural fests it participated in the year 2017–present.
 * PS Senior also hosts a cultural fest named Scintilation.

Notable alumni

 * S. Sowmya
 * Haricharan
 * Savitha Sastry
 * Aditi Balan
 * Samanth Subramanian
 * Arvind Swamy
 * Rita Thyagarajan

title: P. S. Senior Secondary School


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Thicker than Water (audio drama)

Thicker Than Water is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It is a sequel to the earlier audio play Arrangements for War.

Plot
It is three years since the Sixth Doctor helped repel the Killoran invasion of Világ, and he brings a new friend, Mel, to meet an old one. Evelyn Smythe, his former companion is now married to Principal Triumvir Rossiter. But Evelyn has made political enemies, among them her own stepdaughter Sofia, and the reunion takes a deadly turn when Evelyn and Mel are kidnapped.

Cast

 * The Doctor — Colin Baker
 * Evelyn Smythe — Maggie Stables
 * Mel — Bonnie Langford
 * Principal Triumvir Rossiter — Gabriel Woolf
 * Dr Sofia Rossiter — Rachel Pickup
 * Dr Andrew Szabó — Patrick Romer
 * Dr Sebastian Lawrence — Simon Watts
 * Jenner — Matt Dineen
 * TV Interviewer — James Parsons

Continuity

 * This story revisits the world Világ, first heard in Arrangements for War.
 * This story features an uncredited appearance by Sylvester McCoy as the Seventh Doctor.
 * It is revealed in this story that Hex, who is a companion of the Seventh Doctor, is the son of Cassie from Project: Twilight and Project: Lazarus. The Doctor discovered this in The Harvest.
 * Evelyn may recognize the Seventh Doctor as she previously watched him from afar in The 100 Days of the Doctor. They properly meet again in A Death in the Family.

title: Thicker than Water (audio drama)


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CKWF-FM

CKWF-FM is a radio station in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, broadcasting at 101.5 FM, with an active rock format branded as "The Wolf 101.5". The station is owned by Corus Entertainment.

History
The station began broadcasting in 1947 as CHEX-FM. In 1976, the call letters were changed to CFMP-FM ("FMP" stands for FM Peterborough). Over the years since CHEX-FM went on the air in the 1940s, the station went through a number of ownerships, technical and format changes. On February 14, 1992, the station became The Wolf, adopting a rock format and changed its call letters to CKWF-FM. In January 1998, the transmitter tower for CKWF-FM, as well as sister station CHEX-DT was severely damaged to due ice buildup on the structure. A new 1000-foot TV-FM tower was built beside the old one in 2003.

The original studio and office complex for CKWF and its sister stations were beside the transmission tower on Television Road, on the east end of the city. Due to concerns about the stability of the tower, the studios were relocated in 1999 to downtown Peterborough, at the corner of King St and George St. They are accessible to both listeners and performers.

Notable announcers

 * John Badham, 1988 to 2011

title: CKWF-FM


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Yushui (solar term)

The traditional chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms.

Yǔshuǐ / 雨水, Usui, Usu, or Vũ thủy, literally meaning rain water, is the second solar term.

It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 330° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 345°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 330°.

In the gregorian calendar, it usually begins around 18 February (19 February of / in east Asia time) and ends around 5 March.

Pentads
Each solar term can be divided into three pentads (候), first (初候), second (次候) and last (末候) ones.

In Yushui each pentad includes :

 * in China,
 * first pentad / 獺祭魚 : 'otters make offerings of fish'. As fish begin to swim upstream, they are hunted by otters, which are believed to offer the fish to heaven ;
 * second pentad / 鴻雁來 : 'the wild geese arrive'. Wild geese begin to make their northward migration, following the onset of spring ;
 * last pentad / 草木萌動 : 'trees and grass put forth shoots' ;

 * in Japan,
 * first pentad / 土脉潤起 ;
 * second pentad / 霞始靆 ;
 * last pentad / 草木萠動.

title: Yushui (solar term)


text:
Talk:John A. Anderson

Name is too common still to be used as a redirect. Simply have to spell out full middle name and rely on disambiguation pages.

title: Talk:John A. Anderson


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Jingzhe

Jīngzhé, 惊蛰, is the 3rd of the 24 solar terms (節氣) in the traditional Chinese calendars. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 345° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 360°. More often, it refers to the day when the Sun is exactly at a celestial longitude of 345°. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins around March 5 and ends around March 20.

The word 驚蟄 means the awakening of hibernating insects. 驚 is to startle and 蟄 means hibernating insects. Traditional Chinese folklore says that during Jingzhe, thunderstorms will wake up the hibernating insects, which implies that the weather is getting warmer.

Pentads
Each solar term can be divided into 3 pentads (候). They are the first pentad (初候), the second pentad (次候), and the third pentad (末候): Pentads in Jingzhe are

 * China
 * First pentad: (pīnyīn: Táo shǐ huá), 'The peaches begin to blossom'.
 * Second pentad:  (pīnyīn: Cāng gēng míng), 'Orioles sing clearly'.
 * Last pentad: (pīnyīn: Yīng huà wéi jiū), 'Eagles are transformed into doves'.

 * Japan
 * First pentad: (Romanisation: Chitchū kei to), 'Awakening of hibernating insects'.
 * Second pentad: (Romanisation: Momo Hajime Emi), 'Peach trees start to bloom (smile)'.
 * Last pentad: (Romanisation: Na mushi-ka chō), 'Caterpillars become butterflies'.

Related Topic

 * Villain hitting

Cultural References
Lim Giong has an 2005 album titled Insects Awaken.

Jingzhe (film) is a 2004 Chinese film directed by Wang Quan'an.

title: Jingzhe


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Bing Russell

Neil Oliver "Bing" Russell (May 5, 1926 – April 8, 2003) was an American actor and Class A minor-league baseball club owner. He was the father of Hollywood actor Kurt Russell and grandfather of ex–major league baseball player Matt Franco and actor Wyatt Russell.

Early life
Russell was born in Brattleboro, Vermont, the son of Ruth Stewart (née Vogel) and Warren Oliver Russell. He always wanted to become an actor and studied drama at Brattleboro High School. He grew up around the New York Yankees' spring training camp in St. Petersburg, Florida, in the 1930s and 1940s, where his father ran a floatplane service. As a result, he was an unofficial mascot of the New York Yankees, and became friendly with players including Lefty Gomez and Joe DiMaggio. When Lou Gehrig was weakened by illness, he gave Russell the bat he used to hit his last home run before retiring.

Russell graduated from Dartmouth College with a business degree.

Career
Russell made his debut in the film Cavalry Patrol, and had some uncredited roles in his early career.

Best known as Deputy Clem Foster on Bonanza (1959) and Robert in The Magnificent Seven (1960), he guest-starred in episodes of many television series, including Playhouse 90, Highway Patrol, Wagon Train, The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, The Loretta Young Show, Johnny Ringo, Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color, The Rifleman, Maverick, Zane Grey Theater, Route 66, Rawhide, Ben Casey, The Untouchables, Hazel, The Andy Griffith Show, The Twilight Zone, The Donna Reed Show, The Munsters, Gunsmoke, Combat!, Branded, The Fugitive, The Monkees, I Dream of Jeannie, Ironside, The Big Valley, Death Valley Days, Adam-12, The Virginian, Alias Smith and Jones, The Mod Squad, Mannix, The Rockford Files, The Streets of San Francisco, Emergency!, and Little House on the Prairie.

In 1963, he was cast as John Quigley, a Chicago mobster, in the episode "Five Tickets to Hell" of Jack Webb's CBS anthology series, GE True. In the storyline, Quigley travels to Chihuahua, Mexico, where he robs the mint of $500,000 and kills seven men in the commission of the crime. Police Lieutenant Juan Garcia (Carlos Romero) tracks down Quigley and his three accomplices. BarBara Luna also appears in the episode.

Russell appeared in the original pilot (filmed in November 1965) for The Monkees TV series as Rudy, a record store owner and the group's manager; after the show was greenlit by NBC, the concept of a manager was discarded and Russell's character was not retained. An edited version of this pilot, in which Russell appears, was broadcast as a regular episode of the first season, and is part of the show's syndication package to this day.

Russell much later played Vernon Presley to his son Kurt's Elvis Presley in the television movie, Elvis (1979). Kurt, as a child actor, had appeared with the real Elvis in the film It Happened at the World's Fair, and in a later interview recalled the singer-actor, professing to be a fan, asking to meet Bing, who had accompanied his son to the set.

Russell owned the Portland Mavericks (1973–1977), the only independent team in the Short Season Northwest League. Russell kept a 30-man roster because he believed that some of the players deserved to have one last season. His motto was fun. He created a park that kept all corporate sponsorship outside the gates, hired the first female general manager, Lanny Moss in professional baseball, and named the first Asian American GM/Manager. His team set a record for the highest attendance in minor league history, but lost the 1977 pennant to the Bellingham Mariners. Subsequently, Major League Baseball regained interest in Portland. The Albuquerque, NM franchise relocated to Portland (for nine years) and resurrected the Class AAA Portland Beavers name. The Portland area was recovered but was forced to pay $206,000 to Russell after he took the matter to arbitration; it was the biggest payout in baseball history for a minor league territory. Ex-major-leaguers and never-weres who could not stop playing the game flocked to his June try-outs, which were always open to anyone who showed up. The team and archival footage of Russell were featured in the documentary The Battered Bastards of Baseball (2014).

Personal life
In 1945, while working at Teddy's Restaurant in Newport, New Hampshire, a coworker introduced Russell to his future wife, Louise "Lulu" Crone. Russell and Crone married in 1946 and had four children together, including actor Kurt Russell.

Death
Russell died from complications of cancer on April 8, 2003, in Thousand Oaks, California.

Recognition
In 1974, the Sporting News named Russell minor league executive of the year.

In 2020, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.

Filmography

 * The Living Christ Series (1951) as Lazarus
 * Big Leaguer (1953) as Undetermined Role (uncredited)
 * Soldier (1953, TV series) as Sgt. Corbett
 * The Public Defender (1954, TV series) as 2nd Cop
 * Crashout (1955) as Young Man with Girl in Bar (uncredited)
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 * Playhouse 90 (1957, TV Series)
 * Beau James (1957) as Reporter (uncredited)
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 * Casey Jones (1957, TV Series) as Baylor
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 * ''The Virginian (1962 TV series) he took on the role of Sgt. Eads, a member of Col. Teddy Roosevelt's "Rough Riders"(It's 1898 and The Spanish American War)in an episode entitled "Riff-Raff" on the first season of "The Virginian."
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 * Emergency! (1973–1975, TV Series) as Captain Wilson
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 * The New Daughters of Joshua Cabe (1976, TV Movie)
 * Arthur Hailey's the Moneychangers (1976, TV Mini-Series) as Timberwell
 * The Loneliest Runner (1976, TV Movie) as Fred Dawkins
 * Elvis (1979, TV Movie) as Vernon Presley
 * Overboard (1987) as Sheriff Earl (Elk Cove)
 * Sunset (1988) as Studio Guard
 * Tango & Cash (1989) as Van Driver
 * Dick Tracy (1990) as Club Ritz Patron #2

title: Bing Russell


text:
Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility

A Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility (NISMF) is a facility owned by the United States Navy as a holding facility for decommissioned naval vessels, pending determination of their final fate. All ships in these facilities are inactive, but some are still on the Naval Vessel Register (NVR), while others have been struck from the register.

The ships that have been stricken from the NVR are disposed of by one of several means, including foreign military sales transfer, ship donation as a museum or memorial, domestic dismantling and recycling, artificial reefing, or use as a target vessel. Others are retention assets for possible future reactivation, which have been laid up for long-term preservation and are maintained with minimal maintenance (humidity control, corrosion control, flood/fire watch) should they need to be recalled to active duty.

The Navy has been reducing the number of inactive ships, which numbered as many as 195 in 1997, but was down to 49 by the end of 2014.

The Naval Sea Systems Command's Inactive Ships Management Office (INACTSHIPOFF) is based in Portsmouth, Virginia.

There are three NISMFs:
 * Puget Sound Naval Shipyard – Bremerton, Washington
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In addition, parts of the Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, Virginia, South Gate Annex Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility and Puget Sound Naval Shipyard are designated for the storage of inactive nuclear powered vessels.

Inactive ship facilities in Suisun Bay, James River and Beaumont, Texas are owned and operated by the Maritime Administration under the U.S. Department of Transportation.

Vessels moored at NISMFs
Following is a list of vessels currently being stored at the facilities as of 28 November 2023.

Past Facilities

 * United States Naval Station Orange, Orange, Texas (1966-1975)
 * Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility Bayonne, Bayonne, New Jersey
 * NISMF at Naval Base San Diego, San Diego, California


text: User talk:85.65.51.123

title: User talk:85.65.51.123


text:
User talk:Bosco13

V (comics) in Category:Unseen_characters
Hi Bosco13!

I noticed you added V (comics) to the category Category:Unseen_characters. I've had a look at the category, and the associated article, and I'm not sure I understand the reasoning behind placing V in this category. Unseen characters are described in the article as "[characters] who are never directly observed by the audience and only are described by other characters". This doesn't seem to apply to V, who is a very visible character throughout most of the series. I concede that V does get talked about a great deal, by Norsefire investigators and officials, but that doesn't make V unseen - Evey sees V, V reveals himself to Fingermen, to Lewis Prothero, etc. The concept of unseen characters isn't one I'm hugely familiar with, so I've left the category in place, but it'd be good if you could clarify why you added V to this category.

Cheers! This flag once was red  20:50, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Doh! That makes perfect sense. Thanks for the reply.  Cheers,  This flag once was red   08:30, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:ALF
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Repost of Category:Bo' Selecta
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Speedy deletion nomination of Hero.com
A tag has been placed on Hero.com requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for web content.

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I removed it, Frehley made a mistake. You're doing good, though you might want to say more about why these books are important.   M  17:18, 26 May 2009 (UTC)

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Articles for deletion nomination of Axiom-man
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CfD nomination of Category:28 Days Later
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List of other Supers in Southern Vampires
Just a poke that I responded to your discussion here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:The_Southern_Vampire_Mysteries#List_of_Supernatural_creatures.3F :-) Tkech (talk) 12:36, 18 May 2010 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Bosco13


text:
Talk:Safe and Sophie Germain primes

Untitled
With good intentions, a couple of anonymous users added some redundant passages to the article, repeating some definitions with extremely similar wording. The paragraphs they added on Sophie Germain herself are relevant but make more sense in the article on Sophie Germain. These edits resulted in an article that looked very incoherent. I'm not inclined to question their paragraph on the largest known Sophie Germain prime, but in the interest of detangling the rest of what they wrote I have also taken it out. PrimeFan 15:39, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I see it less kindly. Their additions were cut and pasted from Mathworld and other websites, and reworded just barely enough to avoid a red flag from plagiarism detection software. Anton Mravcek 21:10, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

The proof of Proof was about Sophie Germain primes?
The current version of the article says that:

 * Sophie Germain primes were the subject of the eponymous proof in the stage play Proof and the subsequent film Proof.

That comes as a surprise to me. I watched the film once, I recall Gwyneth Paltrow's character quoting a large Sophie Germain prime during the party at her house, but I don't recall anything that explicitly said that's what the proof was about. Later on Hal describes it as proving something that people've been trying to prove for centuries, but he doesn't any more detail than this. In general, the movie is not so much about any particular mathematical concept as it is about the psychology of an old math genius and his daughter. PrimeFan 21:45, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The film script is at http://www.script-o-rama.com/movie_scripts/p/proof-script-transcript-paltrow-auburn.html. It mentions Sophie Germain primes and later says the proof is about prime numbers, without mentioning SG primes. Mathematically (which may be a poor viewpoint to make speculations about films), it doesn't sound likely to me that the proof should be about SG primes which just aren't important enough, considering what the film script says:

Oh, it's a result, a proof. It looks like a proof. It is a proof. A very long proof. I haven't read through it all yet or checked it. I don't even know if I could check it. But if it's a proof of what I think it's a proof of, it's a very important proof. What does it prove?

It looks like it proves a mathematical theorem about prime numbers which mathematicians have been trying to prove since there were mathematicians.

You know about this?

- Is it any good?

- It's historic, if it checks out.

What does it mean? It means that when everybody thought your dad was crazy, he did some of the most important mathematics ever. If it checks out, it means you publish instantly. You hold press conferences. It means that all newspapers around the world are gonna want to talk to the person who found this notebook.

 * http://www.theaterbarn.org/Page.asp?p=proofshowpage claims the play proof is about SG primes. I haven't seen a play script to confirm this. PrimeHunter 15:28, 29 January 2007 (UTC)
 * i get a 404 errror trying to access taht website, so I'm gonna go ahead and delete that statement. Numerao (talk) 16:01, 10 March 2008 (UTC)
 * actualy, now that I remeber, they were mentioned in the film. teh only things the dialogue indicates as to teh copntent of the proof is that it proves some longstanding open probem about primes and taht it uses some fairly recent theories to do so. Numerao (talk) 16:04, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

"Practical Application"
The section about random number generation could use some work.

The section claims that random number generation is a practical application of Sophie German primes, but the section gives no reference for this claim. Using Sophie Germain primes is not one of the mainstream ways to generate random numbers. It is not even listed in Wikipedia's List_of_random_number_generators. If the technique is practical, the section should cite at least one case in which it was used in practice, and give other evidence as needed make it clear that the technique has been established as practical.

Also, the section claims that each digit can be deduced from the previous digit. This is not true (or the example is wrong). Look at the digit '7' in the example. According to the section, the value of the next digit can be deduced merely by the presence of a 7, but in the example, 7 is followed by both 8 and by 3 in the digit stream. Maybe something was lost here in the translation from a mathematical paper to Wikipedia.

Finally, the section should say what is meant by a pseudo-random sequence. Any sequence can be considered a pseudo-random sequence. What is meant is probably that such a sequence produced in the way described in this section has certain properties that are viewed as desirable in pseudo-random sequences. The section should at least cite a reference for this; even better would be to say what one or more of those properties are.

ATBS 03:13, 12 November 2009 (UTC)ATBS —Preceding unsigned comment added by ATBS (talk • contribs)

 * A quick search reveals that S-G primes are indeed used in pseudorandom number generators. The main paper seems to be this one by Mascagni and Chi in 2004, which has been cited by several other papers on the subject.  It argues that S-G primes are well-suited to distributed random-number generation via linear congruential generators, because they greatly reduce the initialization time (to find the generators of the multiplicative group) compared to Mersenne primes.  (That being said, this appears to still be a recent technique and perhaps not all that widespread yet.)  — Steven G. Johnson (talk) 23:53, 12 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Very interesting. I still stand by my comments.  Incidentally, in the Mascagni and Chi paper, it appears that they are not using Sophie German primes as described in the section of this wikipedia article.  They are selecting Sophie German primes and then using these primes in a different kind of generator (linear congruential generator). ATBS 10:59, 13 November 2009 (UTC)  —Preceding unsigned comment added by ATBS (talk • contribs)

Suggested external link for the article "Sophie Germain prime"
Hi everyone. I suggest that the following external link (with some more information) be added to this article:

http://vixra.org/abs/1202.0063

I'm sorry I included the link in first place without giving enough information about it (information that you may have needed).

This link directs to an article posted on an e-print archive (viXra.org). Articles posted on that website are not necessarily peer-reviewed and of course that website doesn't review articles posted there (the same happens with the well-known website arXiv.org).

The article proves two theorems which, in particular, prove that there are infinitely many Sophie Germain Prime Numbers.

I understand that even if the work is correct, Wikipedia users probably don't have any guarantee that it is correct, but this article could be linked to the mentioned work and a note could be placed next to the external link stating that this is "proposed solution" to the problem that is mentioned in this article.

I would include the external link as shown below:

 * Infinitely Many Prime Numbers of the Form ap±b - This article proposes a proof that there are infinitely many Sophie Germain Prime Numbers.

In this way we are telling Wikipedia users that Wikipedia is not saying whether the work is correct or incorrect.

Of course if you have any other suggestions on how to include the external link and which note to place next to external link, that would be great.

Regards,

--Gshp (talk) 02:30, 25 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Are you the author of the paper? In any case, I oppose. Lots of reliable sources say the infinitude of Sophie Germain primes is an unsolved problem. Many amateur mathematicians selfpublish alleged proofs of famous prime number conjectures on the Internet. It is original research and I see no sign this one has received attention by professional mathematicians or reliable sources. See also Fringe theories and point 1 and 2 at External links. PrimeHunter (talk) 03:01, 25 February 2012 (UTC)

New record
According to primegrid a new record SG prime has been found, April 2012. Bubba73 You talkin' to me? 00:02, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

 * I have updated the article. PrimeHunter (talk) 22:41, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

Name
It would be nice to find some information on why the name "Sophie Germain prime". In particular:
 * Normally, when something in maths or science is named after somebody, only the surname (or mononym, in the case of ancient Greeks) is used. So why this exception?  (Possibly because in later life she wanted to emphasise her gender in order to show that women can be great mathematicians?)
 * For it to be named after Sophie Germain, presumably she studied them. But what drew her attention to primes with this property?  What did she discover, or try to discover, about them? — Smjg (talk) 23:48, 2 June 2012 (UTC)

 * See Sophie Germain. PrimeHunter (talk) 21:28, 3 June 2012 (UTC)

merge
Do we need safe prime as a separate article? These are rather like twin primes. It's true in this case we have separate names for the upper and lower prime, but mathematically they go together. --99.238.163.176 (talk) 17:05, 11 April 2019 (UTC)

 * I agree, having two articles is silly and they should be merged. --JBL (talk) 14:44, 17 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm ok with a merge as well. Both names are useful, but not independently notable, and the one here is the better known of the names. —David Eppstein (talk) 20:21, 17 June 2019 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Sophie-Germain prime may be the most known term in pure mathematics (I wouldn't know), but it is certainly not a common term in the technical discipline of cryptography, where the known terms are "safe prime" (with thousands of bits) and "strong prime" (with thousands of bits) and well-sourced text is needed to state which is which and for what use independently from general discrete math, such as large and small decimal primes or historical relationships to work on Fermat's last theorem.  The math overlaps, but the practicalities are as unrelated as mathematical cylinders versus structural pillars. Jbohmdk (talk) 20:23, 8 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Given this objection, perhaps it would be possible to have a page name which includes both; perhaps Safe and Sophie Germain primes, partially by analogy with Coprime integers (page discussing number pairs) and twin prime (where prime pairs are discussed). Klbrain (talk) 17:40, 8 April 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 09:18, 27 June 2020 (UTC)

Une curiosité
(53) est une unité de Z/210 et 53 est un germain. Considérons alors l'inverse de (53) dans Z/210 : c'est (107). Considérons alors la suite arithmétique de premier terme 107 et de raison 210: elle fournit au moins 6 jumeaux, à savoir (107,109), (1787,1789), (1997,1999) et (3257,3259), (3467,3469, (4517,4519)... En 1787, Sophie Germain avait 11 ans et 13 ans en 1789. La dernière partie est sans doute une coïncidence mais la première ne correspondrait-elle pas à une propriété des germains ou d'objets mathématiques associés qu'il serait heureux de voir figurer dans wp? Cordialement et bon casse-tête.--Stefan jaouen (discuter) 18 août 2019 à 17:49 (CEST) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Stefan jaouen (talk • contribs) 16:10, 18 August 2019 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Number Theory I
— Assignment last updated by AlizianaE (talk) 11:56, 9 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Safe and Sophie Germain primes


text:
Talk:Kanjirappally

Untitled
How to reach: for reaching eranakulam from kanjirappally ,it is easy(atleast in less time taken) if taken kanjirappally-erattupetta-muttom-thodupuzha-moovattupuzha-ernakulam.Especially if we want to reach kakkanad,edappally,palarivattom,kaloor areas. regards, pepepe.

Copyvio removal
I had to do a massive cleanup to remove large amounts of information from the site kanjirappally.com such as and the main page. Tokyogirl79 (talk) 05:02, 5 December 2011 (UTC)tokyogirl79

title: Talk:Kanjirappally


text:
Talk:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States

Does the OECS handle disasters?
In the intro of the article there's the mention of the OECS handeling hurricane distasters. My question is does the OECS do this for certain? I thought that disasters in the OECS were left up to the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency (CEDERA) -- And that was say- if the issue was like weather related, or else; the Regional Security System (RSS) -- www.rss.org.bb if it required something like military colaboration? between either Barbados or the OECS states? CaribDigita 15:39, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Hi CaribDigita! I believe you are correct. I will double-check with a friend who works for NEMO in St Lucia, but certainly from my understanding and a quick check on the OECS website they do not have a unit responsible for either disaster preparedness or response. My feeling is that, unless anyone objects with proof to the contrary, the article should be amended accordingly. Best regards. Vivenot 17:43, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Thanks Vivenot, I suspect that contribution may have been about perhaps when (Hurricane) "Ivan the Terrible" hit Grenada. That's my thought-, I'm thinking then-- perhaps there was some colaberation with the OECS because ofcourse all communications to/from Grenada were down, the island had no way to pay it's debts and the economy of the whole island actually froze the day after. It was a bad-bad-bad situation where some functions of Grenada had to be moved offshore. A few different OECS(and Caribbean islands) said they would step in to help cover Grenada's international obligations for a little while, etc. But I could be wrong, about the diaster thing, but I didn't think the OECS Secretariat got involved in every disaster situation. Outside of what- say any other NGO would do in wanting to help.

P.S. Please tell your friend about Wikipedia if they don't know about it. Tell them how addictive it is... :-) It would greatly put my mind to great ease also if they could perhaps look over the CDERA article to make sure it's relivent and perhaps said everything that it should. You know- tell them to snag themselves a Wiki-ID and feel free to add more if they wish. :-) CaribDigita 20:46, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

doingbusiness.org link
This link: Doing Business 2007: OECS Countries World Bank Group study

Was added by an IP address registered to the World Bank Group (doingbusiness.org is a World Bank Group domain). In keeping with our conflict of interest and external links guidelines I've moved it here for consideration by regular editors of this article who are unaffiliated with the site. -- Siobhan Hansa 13:41, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Martinique acceding associate member
Since Martinique will become an associate member of the OECS tomorrow, the comparison table (and maps) will need to be changed. I managed to do the necessary changes to the table in preparation for the accession, but the only sticking points are the GDP (PPP) and GDP (PPP) per capita for Martinique as I have only been able to find the nominal GDP and GDP per capita rather than the PPP GDP and PPP GDP per capita:

Anybody know what the PPP figures are for Martinique? 72.27.159.186 10:37 3 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Martinique is not an independent country so you wouldn't have stats separate of the Republic of France. Martinique has representatives and all within the French Parliament. Unlike British territories which don't have representatives in the British House of Commons. CaribDigita (talk) 20:09, 20 January 2016 (UTC)

Guadeloupe accession as an associate, anyone have HDI values for Guadeloupe in 2017?
The format of the table has changed somewhat as it no longer highlights the highest and lowest values, but the same basic information is retained. In preparation for Guadeloupe's accession I've also made an update to the table, but I can't find the HDI value for Guadeloupe for 2017 (presumably the year the HDI figures were done for the other full and associate members). I am almost sure it must be between 0.8 and 0.9, (likely 0.85) but does anyone have the figures? Here's the table without the HDI figure:

72.27.102.202 (talk) 21:53, 13 March 2019 (UTC)

 * Not likely. Martinique and Guadeloupe are to the Republic of France as what Hawaii is to the United States of America a composite part of. So you're not likely to get anything else separate of the Republic of France. CaribDigita (talk) 19:01, 12 September 2020 (UTC)

Martinique's status
Something seems inconsistent about Martinique's supposed accession to the OECS. I wish to air my concerns and invite feedback before making changes to the article which might cause disputes. Two key points are particulary glaring to me:

1) Contrary to the official announcement of Martinique's joining the OECS, Martinique is not simply a French territory. Martinique is an overseas department of France that has equal political status of all parts of European France. As such, there are different rules which apply to Martinique's joining an international organisation as opposed to if it was a true self-governing dependent territory.

2) Martinique is not listed on the OECS' list of member and observer states, now nearly a year after the accession papers were signed in Febuary 2015. Wouldn't the organisation want to make clear on their website such an addition to their ranks?

I do not doubt that something was signed on 5 February 2015 between the President of the Regional Council of Martinique and the authorized parties of the OECS. I am only questioning the real effect of those documents. Are they stuck in legal limbo pending approval by the French national government? Is it all effectively symbolic in nature, the signatories aware from the start of the overruling power of France's sovereignty? Or is it a placeholder agreement should Martinique's pro-autonomy leadership decide to hold a referendum to formally change the department's status within the French Republic? Either way, I feel this & other related articles' inclusion of Martinique as an observer of the OECS deserves some reassessment. Farolif (talk) 00:33, 21 January 2016 (UTC)

 * According to OECS this "Martinique submitted a formal application for associate membership in the OECS with the full support/endorsement of the French Government." My guess is they just haven't updated their website.  TDL (talk) 01:01, 21 January 2016 (UTC)

 * "full support/endorsement", but what about actual approval? It wouldn't be the first time a politician has supplied a little lip service in order to avoid ruffling any feathers. Farolif (talk) 01:25, 21 January 2016 (UTC)
 * ADD - "they just haven't updated their website" If this was the government of a struggling microstate whose official websites have been known to fall into disrepair and become miserably outdated (I can name a few examples), then I would allow that excuse. However, the OECS is a properly functioning association whose site is regularly updated with new material. A significant detail such as gaining a new member should have been included without much delay after the fact. Farolif (talk) 01:13, 22 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Lip service wouldn't really qualify as "full support". Endorsement is just a synonym of approval, so I'm not sure what distinction you're trying to draw. An agreement was reached between the OECS and the Government of France on Martinique's participation. You can see it published by the Government of France here: . What other approval were you expecting? TDL (talk) 05:23, 21 January 2016 (UTC)

 * That documentation looks like nothing more than (again) an acknowledgement that the documents were signed by the involved parties, but not whether they were implemented. To be more clear, what I feel is missing out of all of this is an explanation for why this agreement does not need to be countersigned, if not followed up with a separate resolution entirely, by the national-level government of France. I do not otherwise know of any precedent for the Regional Council of a French region having binding authority to bring an accession such as this into force. Farolif (talk) 01:13, 22 January 2016 (UTC)

 * This is all speculation and WP:original research. You are speculating that Serge Letchimy signed the document in his role as a President of the Regional Council of Martinique rather than in his role as a member of the National Assembly (France) representing the French government. You are speculating that there are binding provisions in the agreement. You are speculating that it hasn't been approved by the French government. TDL (talk) 16:50, 31 January 2016 (UTC)

 * This is not speculation. None of the cited sources refer to Letchimy's dual role as a National Assembly member - which would still not necessarily give him authority to fully implement this accession. Furthermore, the OECS Director General is cited in his acknowledgement of the "limitations" to Martinique's involvement due to its political status. Farolif (talk) 17:12, 31 January 2016 (UTC)

 * I didn't ask how he was referred to in a press release. I asked what role he signed the treaty in. You are just guessing on that. Yes he'd still need authorization from the French government to sign it, but you're just guessing that he didn't get it. And yes, no one is disputing that Martinique has limitations and couldn't become a full member. I'm not sure what your point is.

 * There are many many sources which say it is an associate member. An out of date list does not disprove them. For example, here is a quote from Didacus Jules, Director General of OECS: "We are fortunate that Martinique is now an Associate Member of the OECS". Is the director of the organization wrong? A few other sources on the first Google page:  TDL (talk) 17:42, 31 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Those sources are questionable because yet again they refer to "France Territory" which isn't actually the status of Martinique. I'm almost certain that France is in charge of Martinique's Foreign Affairs. CaribDigita (talk) 01:22, 1 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Who said France wasn't in charge of Martinique's Foreign Affairs? I don't think that's in dispute. The only thing in dispute is whether Martinique is an Associate Member or not. The source above, published by the OECS Commission, quotes Didacus Jules, the Director General of OECS, as saying "We are fortunate that Martinique is now an Associate Member of the OECS". Do you think this is a questionable source? TDL (talk) 02:15, 1 February 2016 (UTC)

 * This is likely less a question of whether the director of the organisation was speaking incorrectly, and more of an opting for expediency rather than delving into the legal details of Martinique's association with the OECS - particularly in the press releases & business journal interviews which you have chosen as your evidence.
 * You also continue to casually write off the failure of the OECS site to list Martinique as one of its member states as simply being a result of the site not being updated (despite no indication that any other part of the site is not adequately maintained). Are you going to fall back on that excuse for these other sources not including Martinique as an OECS member?
 * —OECS LinkedIn account
 * —Eastern Caribbean Central Bank
 * —CARICOM (which you use as one of your own sources...)
 * —Coalition for the International Criminal Court
 * —European Union
 * It seems that several major international bodies that ought to care about keeping details such as this up to date have not made this change to their official sites nearly a year after the supposed accession. What does that tell you? Farolif (talk) 06:10, 1 February 2016 (UTC)
 * The membership I question whether it would be "Martinique" or as "the Republic of France" as Martinique is completely integrated into France as an outer region of France. The OECS' understanding of that may be limited as the same equivalency doesn't exist in the British West Indies. But I guess that would be like saying Barbuda was a member of something while Antigua was not. Or Tobago joined something and Trinidad did not. CaribDigita (talk) 16:39, 1 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Well, Martinique is already independently an associate member of the Association of Caribbean States (unlike French Guiana, for example, which is a member via France), so the precedent has already been set that it's possible. See: .  TDL (talk) 00:56, 2 February 2016 (UTC)

 * It tells me that your can't find any direct evidence to support your argument, so you're forced to rely on an absence of evidence based argument around which you've attempted to build a circumstantial case. Surely if Martinique did not become an Associate in February, as was widely reported, someone, somewhere would have reported that?
 * To conclude that it is an associate member we do not need every website on the internet be updated, we just need several wp:reliable sources to confirm that fact. The internet is littered with out of date websites.  We have the most reliable of sources on the matter, the OECS, confirming it on more than one occasion, and no sources which refute it.  I have a hard time believing that Jules was in too much of a hurry to speak of Martinique's associate membership in the future tense.  It would have taken no more effort to be accurate.
 * I'm not casually writing off the out of date website, I sent an email to the OECS asking about it, and they responded that it was under construction and that they were working on rectifying the members page to accurately reflect the membership. TDL (talk) 00:56, 2 February 2016 (UTC)

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MYH7

MYH7 is a gene encoding a myosin heavy chain beta (MHC-β) isoform (slow twitch) expressed primarily in the heart, but also in skeletal muscles (type I fibers). This isoform is distinct from the fast isoform of cardiac myosin heavy chain, MYH6, referred to as MHC-α. MHC-β is the major protein comprising the thick filament that forms the sarcomeres in cardiac muscle and plays a major role in cardiac muscle contraction.

Structure
MHC-β is a 223 kDa protein composed of 1935 amino acids. MHC-β is a hexameric, asymmetric motor forming the bulk of the thick filament in cardiac muscle. MHC-β is composed of N-terminal globular heads (20 nm) that project laterally, and alpha helical tails (130 nm) that dimerize and multimerize into a coiled-coil motif to form the light meromyosin (LMM), thick filament rod. The 9 nm alpha-helical neck region of each MHC-β head non-covalently binds two light chains, essential light chain (MYL3) and regulatory light chain (MYL2). Approximately 300 myosin molecules constitute one thick filament. There are two isoforms of cardiac MHC, α and β, which display 93% homology. MHC-α and MHC-β display significantly different enzymatic properties, with α having 150-300% the contractile velocity and 60-70% actin attachment time as that of β. MHC-β is predominately expressed in the human ventricle, while MHC-α is predominantly expressed in human atria.

Function
It is the enzymatic activity of the ATPase in the myosin head that cyclically hydrolyzes ATP, fueling the myosin power stroke. This process converts chemical to mechanical energy, and propels shortening of the sarcomeres in order to generate intraventricular pressure and power. An accepted mechanism for this process is that ADP-bound myosin attaches to actin while thrusting tropomyosin inwards, then the S1-S2 myosin lever arm rotates ~70° about the converter domain and drives actin filaments towards the M-line.

Clinical significance
Several mutations in MYH7 have been associated with inherited cardiomyopathies. Lowrance et al. were the first to identify the causative mutation Arg403Gln for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in the MYH7 gene. Studies have since identified several more MYH7 mutations, that are estimated to be causal in approximately 40% of HCM cases. This condition is an autosomal-dominant disease, in which a single copy of the variant gene causes enlargement of the left ventricle of the heart. Disease onset usually occurs later in life, perhaps triggered by changes in thyroid hormone function and/or physical stress.

Another condition associated to mutations in this gene is paraspinal and proximal muscle atrophy.

title: MYH7