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Gambelia sila

Gambelia sila, commonly known as the blunt-nosed leopard lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Crotaphytidae. The species is endemic to southern California.

Taxonomy
Gambelia sila was originally described by Leonhard Stejneger in 1890 as Crotaphytus silus. The type locality is Fresno, California. In 1900 Cope believed the lizard to be a subspecies of the long-nosed leopard lizard, C. wislizenii, and classified it as C. w. silus. Based on differences in bony plates on the head, the presence or absence of gular folds, and head shape, Crotaphytus silus was reclassified into the genus Gambelia by H.M. Smith in 1946, retaining the specific name "silus ". Gambelia is the generic name for leopard lizards in the family Crotaphytidae. Gambelia sila is similar to the lizards in the genus Crotaphytus, the difference is that the latter have fracture planes in their tails. This allows the tails to break off when grasped by predators. This reclassification remained controversial until Montanucci in 1970 proposed the argument for specific classification based on the differences between the long-nosed and blunt-nosed leopard lizards. Eventually the scientific name was changed from "Gambelia silus " to "Gambelia sila " to agree in gender.

Geographic range
Gambelia sila is found only in Southern California. It used to be found in the San Joaquin Valley and adjacent foothills ranging from Stanislaus County, in the south, to the northern tip of Santa Barbara County. However, it is only found in elevations of 800 meters (2,600 feet) and below. Gambelia sila can now only be found in isolated sections of undeveloped land in the San Joaquin Valley. In the northern part of the San Joaquin Valley it can be found in the Ciervo Hills, Tumey Hills, Panoche Hills, Anticline Ridge, Pleasant Valley, and the Lone Tree, Sandy Mush Road, Whites Bridge, Horse Pasture, and Kettleman Hills Essential Habitat Areas. In the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley it can be found in Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Liberty Farm, Allensworth, Kern National Wildlife Refuge, Antelope Plain, Buttonwillow, Elk Hills, Lost Hills, and Tupman Essential Habitat Areas; on the Carrizo and Elkhorn Plains; north of Bakersfield around Poso Creek; in western Kern County in the area around the towns of Maricopa, McKittrick, and Taft; at the Kern Front Oil Field; at the base of the Tehachapi Mountains on the Tejon Ranch; and just west of the California Aqueduct on the Tejon Ranch and Rancho San Emidio.

Diet
The diet of Gambelia sila mainly consists of an assortment of invertebrates and other lizards. The insects that it normally preys on are: grasshoppers, beetles, bees, wasps, and ants. The blunt-nosed leopard lizard is also known to eat other species of lizards, and sometimes eats its own offspring. It is an agile predator, with the ability to leap 60 centimetres (2 feet), making it very easy for it to catch its prey.

Physical characteristics
The blunt-nosed leopard lizard (Gambelia sila) is a relatively large lizard in the family Crotaphytidae. It has a long, regenerative tail; long, powerful hind limbs; and a short, blunt snout. Adult males are slightly larger than females, ranging in size from 3.4 to 4.7 in in length, excluding tail. Females are 3.4 to 4.4 in. Males weigh 1.3 to 1.5 oz, females 0.8 to 1.2 oz. Although the blunt-nosed leopard lizard is darker than other leopard lizards, it exhibits tremendous variation in dorsal color and pattern. The background color ranges from yellowish or light gray-brown to dark brown, depending on the surrounding soil color and vegetation. The underside is uniformly white. It has rows of dark spots across the back, alternating with white, cream-colored or yellow bands. Gambelia sila is relatively unique among crotaphytids in that sexes cannot be distinguished by permanent coloration and patterning, but both males and females develop breeding coloration, and these colors and patterns differ markedly between them. Also, unlike almost all other crotaphytids, juvenile G. sila obtain a yellow coloring under the hind limbs and tails. The signs of yellow coloration in young G. sila might indicate that some type of signal is being sent to adult leopard lizards, although no testing has been done. Possibly the purpose of yellow coloration is to signal to adults that carriers are too small to breed, and, therefore, do not pose a competitive threat. Conversely, the bright yellow coloration of juveniles could serve as a means of avoiding predators.

Breeding
In G. sila the breeding season is initiated in April and lasts into or through June. Male and female pairs are commonly seen together and often occupying the same burrow systems. In June and July, 2-6 eggs averaging 15.6 by are laid. Environmental conditions may influence the number of clutches females produce each year, but they usually lay only one clutch. After about a two-month incubation period, the young hatch. They range in size at birth from 42 to 48 mm, excluding tail. Some young blunt-nosed leopard lizards may grow to double their hatching size prior to their first winter. During the breeding season, females are recognized by the bright red-orange markings on the sides of the head and body and the undersides of the thighs and tail. Males may also develop a color of salmon to bright rusty-red over the entire undersides of the body and limbs. This new coloring may continue indefinitely in males. Male and female blunt-nosed leopard lizards exhibit several different physical behaviors. The simple headbob is a single, vertical motion of only the head whereas the pushup involves an up and down movement of the forelimbs and a headbob. Rocking and fighting displays are restricted to males. Rocking involves rotating the head and shoulders in a forward, circular motion. When one male encounters another, it exhibits a threat-challenge display. It consists of inflating the body, extending the hind limbs, arching the back, and performing pushups in rapid succession. Two fighting males will align side by side while facing in opposite directions. Each will then attempt to bite the other as they lash their tails and jump toward each other. Females exhibit a rejection posture when a male attempts copulation. With back arched, body inflated, limbs extended, and mouth open, she always faces the male or moves to orient herself laterally to the male.

Conservation status
Gambelia sila, also known as the blunt-nosed leopard lizard, is listed as a federal endangered species and is listed by the State of California as an endangered species and fully protected species. This species is thought to have declined as a result of habitat destruction and habitat fragmentation caused by development and habitat modification. This lizard used to be found in all of the San Joaquin Valley and the adjacent foothills of southern California. The Blunt-nosed leopard lizard now only occupies a few, scattered, undeveloped plots of land on the floor of the San Joaquin Valley and in the foothills of the Coast Range. San Joaquin Valley is a desert experiencing an ecological shift due to invasive species of non-native annual grasses most likely spread by grazing cows. The blunt-nosed leopard lizard along with other small terrestrial vertebrates are declining due to the ecological changes of the San Joaquin Valley as it is hypothesized that the invasive plants are altering vegetative structure. Although cattle may have originally been a factor in the establishment of these invasive species of plants, it was discovered by David Germano et al. that continued grazing, in order to keep the spread of the grasses limited, allowed for an increase in population size of not only the blunt-nosed leopard lizard, but other suffering species of the Valley as well.

title: Gambelia sila


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Maida Parlow French

Maida Parlow French (1891–1977) was a Canadian author and artist. Her works include Boughs Bend Over (1943), All This to Keep (1947), and the autobiographical Apples Don't Just Grow (1954). In 1967 she wrote Kathleen Parlow: A Portrait, a biography of her cousin, Kathleen Parlow.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Maida Parlow French


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Cornelius Varley

Cornelius Varley, FRSA (21 November 1781 – 2 October 1873) was a British water-colour painter and optical instrument-maker. He invented the graphic telescope and the graphic microscope.

Biography
Varley was born at Hackney, then a village north of London, on 21 November 1781. He was a younger brother of John Varley, a watercolour painter and astrologer, and a close friend of William Blake. He was educated by his uncle, a scientific instrument maker, and under him acquired a knowledge of the natural sciences. Around 1800, he joined his brother in a tour through Wales, and began the study of art. He was soon engaged in teaching drawing. From 1803 to 1859 he was an occasional exhibitor at the Royal Academy and he also contributed regularly to the displays of the Water-Colour Society, of which, in 1803, he was one of the founders, and of which he continued a member until 1821. He died in Hampstead on 2 October 1873.

Works
Varley's artistic works consist mainly of carefully finished classical subjects, with architecture and figures. He published a series of etchings of boats and other craft on the River Thames. He was the first person to make a telephoto image.

His life as an artist was deeply connected to his scientific and technical pursuits. His optical inventions were improvements to the camera lucida and camera obscura long used by artists, and allowed him to draw both landscapes and microscopic studies in lucid detail. He also patented and sold his inventions.

The Society of Arts awarded him silver medals in 1831 and 1833, and the Isis gold medal in 1841, for improvements to microscopes. His innovations included lever-controlled stages and an illumination-modifier.

Varley invented the graphic telescope in 1809, and patented it in 1811. Unable to find a manufacturer who would make it, he went into manufacturing himself; this was his main occupation from 1814 onwards. He exhibited the graphic telescope at the Great Exhibition, winning a medal, in 1851. His firm also manufactured telegraphic equipment and testing apparatus.

He published Treatise on Optical Drawing Instruments in 1845.

Legacy
A replica of Varley's graphic telescope was built for the Through the Looking Lens exhibition held at the American Philosophical Society Museum in 2013.

He was one of the co-founders and contributors of the Royal Microscopical Society.

His nephew Andrew Pritchard trained with him and became well-known as a micrographer.

Family
In 1821, Varley married Elizabeth Livermore Straker. They had ten children including telegraph engineer Cromwell Fleetwood "C.F." Varley.

title: Cornelius Varley


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User talk:Hectorhector

Hector's Talk Page
Dear Hector. Stop trolling on Elephant. Thank you. --James 17:37, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Do you think this is clever? Dozens of other people have already tried to add the exact same thing to this and other related elephant articles. It's not funny anymore, it's just stupid. The joke is on all of the mindless drones who are going out and doing the same thing over and over merely because Dr. Colbert suggested it. -- Cyde↔Weys 17:38, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

You have been temporarily blocked from editing because of your disruptive edits at elephant. You are invited to contribute in a constructive manner as soon as the block expires. Nunh-huh 17:42, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, as you did to User:Cyde, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. A link to the edit I have reverted can be found here: link. If you believe this edit should not have been reverted, please contact me. Big  top  19:36, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

You have been temporarily blocked from editing for vandalism of Wikipedia. Please note that page blanking, addition of random text or spam, deliberate misinformation, privacy violations, and repeated and blatant violation of WP:NPOV are considered vandalism. If you wish to make useful contributions, you may come back after the block expires.

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test of deliberately adding incorrect information worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. A link to the edit I have reverted can be found here: link. If you believe this edit should not have been reverted, please contact me. Big  top  19:24, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

It has become apparent that your account is only being used for vandalism, and so has been blocked indefinitely. -- malo (tlk) (cntrbtns) 19:24, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

 * This is not true! I have made several usefull contributions to wikipedia.  I am requesting an unblock. Hectorhector 19:44, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Hectorhector


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Battlestar Galactica (fictional spacecraft)

Battlestar Galactica is a fictional space battleship based in the science fiction television series of the same name. In the series, the Twelve Colonies built about 120 Battlestars during the thousand-year war with the Cylons, whose battleships are known as Basestars.

Introduction
Battlestar Galactica is a fictional battleship. A carrier warcraft constructed by the Twelve Colonies of Man, the Battlestar Galactica is a flag vessel of the colonial planet Caprica. Galactica was launched 500 years before the events of the Thousand Yahren War which concluded during the series pilot episode. It was believed to be the only Battlestar to survive the destruction of the Twelve Colonies, until Battlestar Pegasus briefly reappeared. The Galactica is commanded by Commander Adama.

In the pre-Holocaust Colonial Service, Battlestars like Galactica operated as part of numbered naval fleets (e.g., the Fourth Fleet). A typical fleet comprised 600 fighting ships and operated independently of other fleets. Since the Holocaust, Galactica is the military's sole surviving capital ship.

Speed and armament
Galactica is depicted to be capable of lightspeed travel, although while escorting the refugee fleet she must limit her speed to that of the slowest ship. Galactica also has a complement of shuttles. Unlike similar civilian models, these transport craft include military gear for detecting electronic emissions from other spacecraft and drop chutes for paratroop assaults. In addition, Galactica has armored, tracked ground vehicles known as "land rams" and "snow rams." These are armed with an open turret on the roof and are landed by shuttles. Galactica carries a large number of manually aimed laser batteries, both for anti-aircraft defense against fighters and for engaging other capital ships. As for defensive measures, Galactica is protected by both "electronic shields" and a heavy metal double-pocket hatch shield that covers its panoramic bridge viewport; the latter is closed in "positive shield" state and open in "negative shield" state. However, while these might provide limited protection, they are insufficient to guard against suicide ramming runs by Cylon raiders or pulsar-cannon fire from Cylon base ships. Galactica also has the ability to project a broad cone of energy, wide enough to cover much of one hemisphere of an Earth-sized planet, that is powerful enough to destroy ballistic missiles and their nuclear warheads.

Energy
A Battlestar such as Galactica has two sources of energy. The engines are powered by Tylium, a highly volatile liquid fuel derived from minerals mined on certain planets. The Tylium is stored in two tanks located inboard, since the detonation of either tank is sufficient to destroy the Battlestar. Other energy needs are met by energizers, self-contained generators roughly the size of a human adult. These are located all across Galactica. Networked to each other, they are able to supply sufficient power to meet Galactica's needs even if some of them should fail.

Known Battlestars (1978)
Including the Galactica, eight of the Battlestars were referenced during the course of the original 1978 series and are considered canon. These Battlestars includes Acropolis, Atlantia, Columbia, Pacifica, Pegasus, Rycon, and Triton. These Battlestars all featured to varying degrees within the context of television series.

Five of the Battlestars were established in the first episode when the background dialog indicated the Acropolis, Pacifica, and Triton were present along with Atlantia and Galactica during the events of the ambush at Cimtar in the "Saga of a Star World" Pilot.

The Battlestar Columbia was said in the episode "Gun on Ice Planet Zero" to have been destroyed during the events of "Saga of a Star World". However, the "Saga of a Star World" shooting script and background dialog contradicted the "Gun on Ice Planet Zero" dialog. Columbia's implied presence within the fleet at the ambush was probably a script error.

The Battlestar Rycon was mentioned only briefly in dialog during the episode "Take The 'Celestra' as a Battlestar previously under the command of Commander Kronus. Rycon was reportedly destroyed before the events of the series. The Battlestar Pegasus appeared in the two-part episode "The Living Legend". The Pegasus was described as a ship of the fifth fleet under the command of Commander Cain and had been believed destroyed at the battle of Molecay, a battle that occurred before the pilot episode.

The only Battlestars represented definitively in the series were "Atlantia," "Galactica," and "Pegasus". Atlantia made its only screen appearance in the pilot "Saga of a Star World". "Atlantia" was identified as the flagship of the fleet, and its name could be seen on the ship's hull before its prominent destruction during the first act. The "Pegasus" appeared in the two-part episode "The Living Legend" with its name shown prominently on the ship's hull throughout. The ultimate fate of Pegasus was left ambiguous with strong indications the ship would return in later seasons. The "Galactica" was the only other ship filmed with footage of its name on the hull plate during the series. No other Battlestars were filmed in detail; Acropolis, Pacifica, and Triton appeared briefly in fleet establishing shots. However, all three were further established through background dialog during the opening minutes of the pilot episode. Battlestars Columbia and Rykon were never filmed and only mentioned in dialog offscreen.

A ninth Battlestar was named in verified early internal documents within the Universal Studios art department while the series was in pre-production. This Battlestar was named the Prometheus. However, the Prometheus was not mentioned in any aired episode and has not been identified in dialog from any filmed scene or shooting script.

There are two additional Battlestars subsequently listed through written licensed sources close to the television production. The earliest of these was the Battlestar Solaria From the novelization of the pilot episode titled Battlestar Galactica (1978). This book was written during the production of the series. The Solaria, (much like Columbia in the episode Gun on Ice Planet Zero), was described as being destroyed with the fleet during the events of the television pilot. Also, like Columbia before it, This contradiction with the established canon places doubt on the status of the Solaria in the timeline.

However, The Solaria was also referenced in a publication titled Galactica Scrapbook (1978). Robert Thurston, (the author of the Pilot novelization), has stated he had access to internal materials at the time and obtained the name of Solaria from within those documents. He also clarified that other names were present on those documents as well. He indicated the aforementioned Prometheus and another Battlestar named Bellerophon had also originated from those internal documents.

These documents have not been verified. The Battlestar Bellerophon was referenced in a book titled Encyclopedia Galactica (1979) and was described as a Battlestar that Colonel Tigh had previously served aboard.

The Battlestar Cerebus was another name referenced from a novelization Battlestar Galactica 7 War of the Gods (1982) which was later adapted into the War of the Gods episode. Cerebus was described as a Battlestar that Commander Adama had served on in his early career. As the book was released after the series ended, and any licensing restrictions from Universal would have been lifted by that point, there is a question as to whether Cerebus originated from the source material like the prior listed names had or was simply a later creation from the author of Battlestar Galactica 7 War of the Gods novel.

A much later publication titled Colonial Warriors Technical Manual Magazine was released in 1988. The publication was not connected to the licenses related to the series or Universal Studios which was ultimately fan-made work. The content from the book listed the ship's flags, definitions, seals, and ship blueprints. The Battle stars Argo, Olympia and Poseidon were originated from this book. The book was poorly edited and considered unreliable at best during the development of its content. Many editorial elements appeared to be internally created specifically for the book with no connection to the original source material at all, including the new Battle stars listed therein. This book has been consistently viewed as non-canon.

Re-imagined Battlestar Galactica (2003 series)
In the re-imagined series, there were about 120 Battlestars in service before the second Cylon attack.

Galactica (BS-75) entered service in the early years of the first Cylon War, under the command of Commander Silas Nash. During her service, Galactica formed a part of Battlestar Group 75 (BSG 75), a colonial force described by series creator Ronald D. Moore as a mixed force of vessels somewhat similar to a U.S. Navy carrier strike group. After graduating from the Colonial Military Academy, William Adama's first posting was to Galactica as a Raptor pilot.

Like many of her sister ships that survived the first Cylon War, Galactica underwent refits and upgrades (for example, at the end of her career, she was equipped with the latest Mark VII Viper space superiority fighter). However, the computer systems were never networked nor integrated during these refits.

Due to this lack of network integration at the time of the Cylon attack, Galactica was unaffected by the infiltration program used by the Cylons to disable colonial vessels and defense systems, using the Command Navigation Program (CNP), developed by Dr. Gaius Baltar and subverted by Cylon operative Number Six as a back door into such systems.

At the time of the Cylon Attack, Galactica was fifty years old and was undergoing formal decommissioning from the Colonial Fleet following her retirement as an operational vessel. The ship was to become a museum commemorating the first Cylon War and an educational center; much of its outer armor and weapons had already been stripped. Due to its age and operating conditions, the ship is unofficially known as "The Bucket" by the Pegasus and Galactica crews. Another nickname used by the crew is "The Big G" (a possible reference to the U.S. Navy sailors' nickname for USS Enterprise (CV-6), "The Big E"). Galactica's starboard launch pod was outfitted as a Cylon war museum; this exhibit remained intact until the final mission against the Cylon colony.

Since the Cylon attack, in keeping with the concept of the original 1978 series, Galactica became both protector and provider to a small fleet of civilian vessels searching for the legendary planet Earth.

Galactica took heavy damage during its raid against the Cylons on planet New Caprica, and her hull was now clearly darker with burn marks and missile hits, most notably the three large holes on her back where the armor was weakest.

After the evacuation from New Caprica, the starboard hangar deck was used to house civilian refugees and was given the nickname "Camp Oilslick". In "A Measure of Salvation", which followed "Torn", Major Lee Adama informs Galactica that their Raptor was on approach to the starboard landing deck, which indicated that the starboard flight pod had started flight operations again. However, this is likely a dialogue error because in the finale it was still shown to be a museum and Oilslick was never moved.

In the episode "The Woman King", 300 more passengers were shown being moved to the starboard hangar deck, and the area was given the name "Dogsville" by the Galactica crew. Upon arriving, each passenger was checked for medical issues by civilian doctors and medical staff. Also now housed in the starboard hangar deck was a makeshift bar called "Joe's", located behind a storage area. Joe's was equipped with a bumper pool table, Pyramid arcade area, and a heavily damaged Mark II Viper hanging over the bar. The bar was first seen in the episode "Taking a Break from All Your Worries". The bar appeared to have an alcohol still, similar to the one Chief Tyrol built in the port hangar deck, in the center of it. The piano that Kara Thrace plays in the episode "Someone to Watch Over Me" is in Joe's Bar.

In the episode "The Passage", Galactica housed fleet passengers during the trip through a star cluster, leaving the fleet vessels to be flown by skeleton crews with radiation medication.

Galactica was seen taking multiple hits from Cylon nuclear weapons, though the damaged ship remained operational. It is unclear exactly how well the Cylon nuclear weapons were expected to perform against Galactica's armor. Also, as the nukes detonated outside of the vessel, most of the energy would have been directed and attenuated out into the area of least resistance: space. However, the punishment has apparently begun to accumulate. In "Blood on the Scales", after disabling the FTL drive, Chief Tyrol noticed a large crack in an interior wall; in the subsequent episode, "No Exit", a more detailed inspection reveals hairline fractures and more obvious structural damage throughout the ship. The damage is aggravated by the fact that the original builders of the ship "cut corners" during her construction. Tyrol suggests applying a Cylon organic resin that will bond itself into the hull, repairing and strengthening the metal as it matures. Admiral Adama initially refuses the idea, but after finding cracks in the bulkheads of his quarters, he gives Tyrol permission to do whatever it takes to repair Galactica. The repairs were not proceeding well, with numerous electrical faults occurring throughout the ship. When Boomer made her escape, she jumped her Raptor close to the port forward section of the bow, causing a spatial distortion which caused massive damage both externally and internally, exacerbating the already heavy structural damage.

At the onset of the series, Galactica's last operational squadron of Mark VII Vipers participated in the decommissioning ceremony before departing the ship for reassignment. The squadron was redirected to intercept a group of Cylon fighters and was subsequently disabled by the Cylon computer virus and destroyed. The Mark II Vipers meant for Galactica's museum display were pressed into service to defend the ship; these and a small number of Mark VIIs comprised the ship's fighter complement until the arrival of the Battlestar Pegasus midway through the second season. Pegasus possessed construction facilities and flight simulators that allowed it to build and train new Mark VII Vipers and pilots to strengthen the squadrons of both ships. When Pegasus was destroyed during the liberation of New Caprica, her nearly intact squadrons were transferred to Galactica, giving the latter a full complement of Vipers. By the time of the episode He That Believeth in Me, there were more Vipers available than qualified pilots, and trainees were pressed into service to defend the fleet. A significant number of pilots participated in the mutiny led by Tom Zarek and Felix Gaeta. The pilots who refused to assist William Adama in retaking the ship were court-martialed and incarcerated aboard the fleet prison vessel. The further reduction in manpower forces Adama to allow Cylon heavy raiders from the renegade Basestar to assist in CAP duties alongside Galactica's regular pilots.

Due to the ship's age, battle damage, and subpar materials used in her construction, Galactica eventually begins to show severe metal fatigue. Attempts to seal the ship's multiple stress fractures with the Cylon resin fail, and Adama orders the ship to be abandoned and stripped of weapons, parts and supplies. The discovery of the Cylon colony gives Galactica a brief reprieve, and a skeleton crew embarks on a mission to rescue the Cylon/human child Hera.

The crew of volunteers is supplemented by Cylon centurions from the rebel Basestar as well as a small number of civilians including Laura Roslin, Gaius Baltar, and Tory Foster. Samuel Anders, a Cylon left in a vegetative state by brain damage, is connected to the ship's systems, effectively becoming the Battlestar's version of a Cylon hybrid.

Galactica jumps to within point-blank firing range of the colony, making it impossible for missiles to be used, and sustains more damage in the exchange of gunfire. Anders disrupts the colony's systems and shuts down their weapons. A squadron of Raptors jumps from Galactica's starboard landing bay, destroying it in the process, and the Battlestar is rammed into the colony. Marine and centurion assault teams from the Raptors and from Galactica rescue Hera, but a counterassault by the remaining Cylon forces in the colony results in a standoff. A truce is negotiated, but hostilities resume when the Final Five fail to transmit the plans for Cylon resurrection to the colony. The colony is hit by several nukes accidentally fired from a disabled Raptor and begins being pulled into a nearby black hole. Kara Thrace jumps Galactica without retracting the landing pods, resulting in severe structural fractures along its length, effectively breaking the ship's back and rendering Galactica incapable of jumping again.

Thrace uses co-ordinates derived from the musical notes of a song that has haunted both her and the Final Five Cylons, resulting in the ship arriving at the planet that will eventually become modern-day Earth. A Raptor is sent to rendezvous with the fleet, and the survivors of the Twelve Colonies settle on the planet along with the remaining Cylon rebels. Galactica and the other ships in the fleet are abandoned. Admiral Adama flies the last Viper off the ship, and the Battlestar and its fleet are scuttled by Samuel Anders, who pilots them on their last flight directly into the Sun.


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User talk:Canoneinverso~enwiki

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title: User talk:Canoneinverso~enwiki


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E-Rate

E-Rate is the commonly used name for the Schools and Libraries Program of the Universal Service Fund, which is administered by the Universal Service Administrative Company (USAC) under the direction of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The program provides discounts to assist schools and libraries in the United States to obtain affordable telecommunications and internet access. It is one of four support programs funded through a universal service fee charged to companies that provide interstate and/or international telecommunications services.

Function
The Schools and Libraries Program supports connectivity – the conduit or pipeline for communications using telecommunications services and/or the internet. Funding is requested under four categories of service: telecommunications services, internet access, internal connections, and basic maintenance of internal connections. Discounts for support depend on the level of poverty and the urban/rural status of the population served and range from 20% to 90% of the costs of eligible services. Eligible schools, school districts and libraries may apply individually or as part of a consortium.

Applicants must provide additional resources including end-user equipment (e.g., computers, telephones, etc.), software, professional development, and the other elements that are necessary to utilize the connectivity funded by the Schools and Libraries Program.

Impact
Yearly requests for E-Rate funding almost triple the FCC's $2.25 billion limit. At the beginning of 2005, over 100,000 schools had participated in the program. In 2003, nearly half of the funding went to schools where more than half of the students receive reduced price lunches.

Broadly, US Department of Education's nationally representative surveys show that between 1994 and 1999, internet access in public schools rose from 35% to 95%, and access in classrooms rose from 3% to 63%.

Some studies have suggested that the E-rate program has had a positive impact on schools. A 2006 case study performed by the Benton Foundation found that E-Rate funding had a direct impact on classroom internet connectivity in four cities. An evaluation of E-Rate in California by Goolsbee and Guryan showed a 68% increase in classroom connectivity per teacher but could not identify any impact on student achievement. A study concluded in 2005 by a University of Texas student under the supervision of economics professor Mike Ward, using regression analysis, showed the E-Rate program in Texas school districts to have positive effect on factors like test scores, graduation rates, and college admission rates.

Legal authorization
The Schools and Libraries portion of the Universal Service Fund, more widely known as E-Rate, was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, section 254. The act called for universal service, meaning that everyone should have access to advanced telecommunications services at reasonable rates regardless of their location. Two measures were included to advance this goal specifically for libraries and schools. Telecommunications providers were ordered to supply their services to schools and libraries at discounted rates determined by the FCC. More generally, the FCC was directed to establish rules "to enhance... access to advanced telecommunications and information services for all public and nonprofit elementary and secondary school classrooms, health care providers, and libraries". The FCC was given the authority to establish and periodically evaluate what services qualified for support under both measures according to four broad criteria. Funding was to be provided by contributions from telecommunications providers through an unspecified but "equitable and nondiscriminatory" mechanism.

Implementation
On May 7, 1997, the FCC adopted Order 97-157 as its plan to implement section 254 of the 1996 Telecommunications Act. The FCC determined that "telecommunications services, internet access, and internal connections", including "installation and maintenance", were eligible for discounted rates. Internal connections were defined as "essential element[s] in the transmission of information within the school or library". The level of discount that a school or library received would vary from 20% to 90% depending on the cost of services and level of poverty as measured by the percentage of students eligible for the national school lunch program. The total amount of money to be disbursed was capped at 2.25 billion or 15%.

The FCC designed the application process to promote cost effective and accountable solutions. As a part of their applications, schools and libraries were required to conduct an assessment of their current technology resources and explain how they utilize them for their educational mission. This assessment had to be certified by an outside organization, preferably the state government. Schools and libraries were required to select vendors through a competitive bidding process publicized through a national website. Record-keeping requirements were instituted to facilitate audits.

The FCC decided to fund E-Rate through the same pool of money collected for other Universal Service Fund, or USF, programs. The new language in the Telecommunications Act of 1996 expanded the pool of companies required to contribute. The expanded pool included all companies that provided interstate telecommunications service to the public for a fee. As of 1998, around 3500 companies contributed to the USF. A company's contribution to the USF is based on its interstate and intrastate revenues from sales to end users. Companies submit revenue projections, from which the contribution factor is determined and then assessed. This process takes place on a quarterly basis (How the USF Works). In order to preserve low-cost local phone service, companies are only permitted to increase interstate revenues to recoup their USF contribution costs.

The National Exchange Carrier Association (NECA) managed the existing universal service fund, and in their initial authorizing order the FCC directed the NECA to temporarily administer E-Rate as well. When the NECA was unable to agree on how to restructure its Board of Directors to reduce the influence of incumbent local exchange carriers, it instead proposed creation of a subsidiary, the Universal Service Administrative Company, with a board composed of representatives from telecommunications providers and the USF recipient groups. In Order 97-253 the FCC agreed to this proposal. The FCC also directed NECA to create two unaffiliated corporations to manage the schools and libraries and rural health care programs. However, Senator Ted Stevens and the House Committee on Commerce soon inquired whether this violated the Government Corporation Control Act. The Government Accountability Office concluded that it did, and an amendment was added to s.1768 that required the FCC to restructure USF administration. In response, the two new corporations were terminated and their responsibilities shifted to two new divisions within USAC.

Modernization
On July 23, 2014, the FCC adopted a broad overhaul of the E-rate program, named the E-Rate Modernization order. The order focused on expanding subsidies for Wi-Fi to a target of $1 billion a year. The move followed a month after a request for reform by president Barack Obama, who had advocated reform of the program during his presidential candidacy in 2007. The move was embraced by many in the telecommunications industry, including Comcast, Cisco, and PCIA - The Wireless Infrastructure Association. The reform was also lauded by the American Library Association.

In November 2014, FCC chairman Tom Wheeler proposed the first increase in the E-rate budget, an increase of $1.5 billion. In December 2014, the FCC approved the increase by a vote of 3–2, raising the total budget from 2.4 to 3.9 billion.

Funding structure
In addition to the incorporation scandal, E-Rate faced legal challenges from eleven states and six telecommunications companies. These were consolidated in Texas Office of Public Utility Counsel, et al. v. FCC. The chief state complaint was unrelated to E-Rate, but a company complaint about the method of contribution was relevant. Since the USF fee collection is mandated by the federal government, the CBO and OMB consider the fees collected to be federal revenues and the money disbursed for discounts to be federal outlays. However, only the United States House of Representatives is constitutionally permitted to introduce revenue-generating measures. Also, the power to establish user fees may be delegated to executive agencies, but the power to tax may not. The court found that the FCC's collection of USF fees did not violate the constitution.

Some members of congress objected to the level and method of funding provided by the FCC to E-Rate. They viewed the inclusion of internal connections and $2.25 billion budget as excessive and a drain on resources needed to achieve other aspects of universal service. Two such members, Representative Tauzin and Senator Burns, proposed unsuccessful legislation in the 106th Congress to end E-Rate and replace it by a block grant program administered by the Commerce Department. Several other pieces of legislation have been introduced that keep E-Rate but change the funding mechanism to avoid a direct impact on local phone service.

In 2002, a report on Universal Service Fund from the FCC's Office of Inspector General found that E-Rate had a "lack of resources for effective oversight", "inadequate competitive bidding requirements", and "no suspension or disbarment process" for schools, libraries, or companies with a history of fraud. Random audits conducted by the OIG led to criminal investigations. In response, congress requested a Government Accountability Office report on the health of E-Rate and planned hearings on the matter.

The GAO found serious fault with the unusual organizational structure of E-Rate. USAC was not operating under federal fiscal accountability standards. Also, the GAO decried the lack of performance measures for evaluating the impact of E-Rate funds. The House Committee on Energy and Commerce's Subcommittee on Oversights and Investigations held four hearings into misuse of E-Rate funds. The subcommittee found a multitude of irregularities: purchases were being made with fraudulent documentation and without competitive bidding; inadequate strategic technology plans were accepted and led to unused, wasted resources; and no protections were in place to prevent gold plating ("procurement of technology goods and services far beyond reasonable school district needs and resources") and many other forms of abuse.

Fraud and waste
Critics point to many cases of fraud and wastefulness in the E-rate program. Examples include $101 million in equipment which was used for nine schools in Puerto Rico, a $73 million network in Atlanta which never went through a bidding process, and a $21 million settlement from the NEC for fraud and price rigging.

In 2009, a division of AT&T settled $8.2 million in lawsuits alleging violations of the bidding process, as well as using E-rate to cover ineligible services. In September 2010, the FCC tightened restrictions on gifts given to school personnel by telecommunications companies for the E-rate program. In November 2010, Hewlett-Packard settled a lawsuit for $16.25 million concerning contractors illegally giving gifts to school officials in exchange for contracts on E-rate funded equipment. The HP lawsuits were part of a larger investigation of the Texas E-rate program by the US Department of Justice which included smaller settlements from Houston Independent School District, Dallas Independent School District, and a businessman.

In 2013, an investigation by a Jewish newspaper found that Haredi Jewish schools in New York City received millions in E-rate funding, despite their practice of rejecting modern technology.

In July 2014, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled that the False Claims Act could not be used to prosecute fraud in the E-rate program, because the program was not funded by federal money.

Overcharging schools
Under the E-rate program rules, service providers are not allowed to charge schools more than the "Lowest Corresponding Price", meaning that companies cannot charge schools more than they charge other non-residential users for service. However, providers such as AT&T and Verizon sometimes charge 325% or 200% of the price charged to others in the same area.

In order to enforce equal pricing, the Universal Service Administrative Company adopted the "Payment Quality Assurance" auditing program, to ensure the program's rules are followed. Under the auditing program, false statements of the Lowest Corresponding Price were prosecuted under the False Claims Act. However, the fifth circuit ruled that E-rate was outside the scope of the False Claims Act, forcing the Universal Service Administrative Company to find other legal justification for the pricing enforcement.

Filtering requirements
The Children's Internet Protection Act, passed in the year 2000, stipulates that in order to receive E-rate funding, schools and libraries are required to block or filter internet access to pictures that are: (a) obscene; (b) child pornography; or (c) harmful to minors (for computers that are accessed by minors).

title: E-Rate


text:
User talk:Guettarda/Archive9

My RfA
I give this cat to you for giving your support to my RfA. Thank you very much! I will not let you or anyone else down. Denelson83 21:49, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

FSF RFA
Thanks for your support. :) freestylefrappe 18:48, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Coolies image
Check out the Formats Available For Download table and choose the HTML row - in this case the first row in the table...use the anchor main site ... gets you here. Hope this helps. --Tagishsimon (talk)

Abramoff etc.
Hey there. Well, I just got involved a few minutes ago myself, but given this user's history I am not inclined to give much rope. This user is, I suspect, a sockpuppet of another extremely disruptive editor Long John Silver/Jimmy Cracked Corn/DKorn/DEastman/etc. etc. who created a lot of problems on Ray Nagin, trying to push the POV that Katrina was more a local failure than a federal one. Anyway, I just happened to see this John Henry sock place a vandalism report on WP:VIP and, suspicious, I went to the article he referenced, this gambling/Abramoff deal. It appears that John Henry keeps placing a speedy tag on the article seeking to have it deleted for copyvio reasons (and now he's switched to adding the copyvio tag itself, without a referencing website). He hasn't really explained what he believes the copyvio to be, except to talk about the image that's being used on the page. He hasn't said anything about the text being a copyvio problem. I think he is just attempting to game the system and find a way to get the article, which is rather unflattering, deleted. · Katefan0(scribble) 04:16, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Not a problem. Always a pleasure.  We have to stop meeting like this. · Katefan0(scribble) 04:24, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Celestianpower is an admin
That's it. The last thank you - vote number 60 and just as appreciated as the others. Thank you very much for your support - my bid (as you probably know) went swimmingly. I couldn't have asked for a better one. Thank you very much and I just hope I don't mess up! See you on IRC soon... --Cel e stianpower hablamé 13:30, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Sorry
Worry not, they talked me out of it. I'm sorry I scared you. -- Essjay ·    Talk 06:30, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Maillist
Yes, but I find emailing about a wiki to be abjectly superfluous, especially when it consists of unwarranted attacks alleging uncooperative editing on the part of long-time editors. Was more dissapointed to read Fred Bauder's comment calling the editors 'POV pushers', however. In my zeal to avoid e-mail, I'll avoid that mailing list. -- RyanFreisling @ 20:30, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

My RfA
Hi Guettarda! Just wanted to thank you for supporting my RfA. I hope I will be able to live up to the confidence placed in me. Nice cats, by the way. --Cyberjunkie | Talk 05:23, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * And may I too add my thanks for your interest in RfA candidates. --Gareth Hughes 20:10, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Pop Music RfC
I added headings to the RfC. I did not change the content. Somebody before me must have restored vandalism. I was adding the headings to the most current version. If that was a vandalized version, then please restore the latest good version, and I will add the headings to that version. Robert McClenon 21:06, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The inserted comments, as you say, make it a mess. That is why I added the headings.  "Please colour inside your own lines."  Robert McClenon 21:41, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Can we just bomb the thing altogether? My first idea was to bomb it and start over, but I'm quite honselty completely disgusted by the whole thing. Let's just let the people in question violate the and ignore the Wikipedia rules and regulations, because they're probably going ot do it anyway, and I no longer feel like I'm doing the right thing in trying to get those articles cleaned up. --FuriousFreddy 01:47, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * OK, we'll try it. I reverted the page. --FuriousFreddy 02:03, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Ignoring Wikipedia regulations and rules? Violating them because you're disgusted by your own work, FuriousFreddy? Do not blame us for your nonsense.
 * Oh, and for the person who owns this discussion page: don't revert someone else's edits. I can say whatever I please to. That does not give you the option to remove them. --Winnermario 01:51, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * If you disagree with someone else's opinions, I will file and RfC against you for faulty generalization. --Winnermario 01:57, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Uh-huh. --Winnermario 19:39, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Hi

 * Earlier, you left a message on my talk page accusing me of vandalism. Well, I think you know more about this situation now to realize, I was only restoring my edits, which should nto have been moved in the first place. But with that said, I have reviewed the article, and find there to be some major problems, so I have issued a temporary revert - please note this is not vandalism, but has to do with some issues including a user's comments which were seemingly completed deleted, and various users comments moved without recieving their permission. OmegaWikipedia 08:38, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh no, that is my account. I used to use it when I was very meticulous with my watchlist (nowadays, I just watch everything on this account for the most part with this name.) OmegaWikipedia 11:43, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Featured list candidates/List of Asian XI ODI cricketers
Hi. Thanks for your comment on Featured list candidates/List of Asian XI ODI cricketers. (Un?)fortunately on my browser I can't see any problem with the Muralitharan picture, which makes it difficult (or impossible) for me to see what the problem you have is and how to correct it. If you have the time, I'd be grateful if you'd look at it and tweak it yourself - or otherwise give me further guidance as to what needs to be done to correct it. Many thanks, jguk 20:55, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your comment. I've tweaked the caption, so that it appears as a three-liner to me. Could you let me know whether it all looks ok in your browser? Thanks, jguk 21:38, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Thanks feedback on "delete and merge" comment
Thank you for your feedback on my "delete and merge" feedback on an article. I'm pretty new, but interested in participating and appreciate such valuable feedback. I'll adjust accordingly. -Condorman 23:58, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

No offense taken to your further comments. It explains other comments I've seen on other AfD responses that left me confused after your original feedback. Thanks for taking the trouble to cure my ignorance. I've seen numerous occasions where a merge seemed to be the most prudent solution. For example, I was just looking at Jehovah's Witnesses, Jehovah's Witnesses litterature (sic), List of Jehovah's Witnesses, etc. due to a related AfD nomination. --Condorman 04:24, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

UW Bothell
You know how far I live from UW of Bothell? 20 seconds, walking time. I live across the street and up a short trail for it, and I use the trail that goes by it. It'd be great if you came to UW :) R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:10, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

Question about revert
Hey ;] Thanks for letting me know on my page, about a page I reverted wrong. However, I've reverted 130+ pages today, and I'm not sure which one you meant. Can you tell me on my talk or something, so I can take a look, and figure out where I went wrong, so next time, I can pay closer attention?

Thanks for the constructive critisism ;] --VileRage ( Talk | Cont ) 02:27, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

Ahh, I see what you mean, the nature of the content, from an anon user, didn't look kosher to me. It was however, like you said, discussed on the talk page... Sorry! ;] Thanks again for pointing that out to me ;] --VileRage ( Talk | Cont ) 02:34, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

Thank you
Thank you very much for your support. :) -- a.n.o.n.y.m  t 11:43, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

Linkspam
....ah. Bugger. I didn't realize that. Think I should revert my welcome, maybe even delete the talkpage? DS 16:56, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

Warning
I am totally stealing your faux catsneeded template. · Katefan0(scribble) 17:01, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I also added a cat. · Katefan0(scribble) 17:15, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Time to move. =) I actually have two -- the white one (pictured above) and a black one.  My little yin and yang. · Katefan0(scribble) 17:44, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

Cabal-less, and it's cold out here
The Zionist cabal tried to expel me for being an "Iranian Islamist jihadi," but I've appealed on the grounds that it doesn't matter which side I'm on, so long as I'm an extremist hellbent on destroying Wikipedia, which I surely and faithfully am. SlimVirgin (talk) 17:29, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

House of Angostura
Ofcourse I can explain that :) The Category:Corporation stubs is extremely overpopulated. When I started cleaning up the category, it contained (rough estimate) way over 3,000 stubs. In order to clean up the category, many articles had to be moved to already existing categories (for instance Category:Finance corporation stubs), and some new categories had to be created (like Category:Restaurant stubs). For now, drink-stub is in my opinion a better location for House of Angostura than corp-stub. Corp-stub is very broad, and is meant as a net for articles that don't fit into an already existing category. Drink-stub indicates what kind of corporation House of Angostura is: a beverage-related corporation. If there are enough articles, a new stub category can (and in my opinion should) be created: drink-corp-stub/Category:Drink corporation stubs (or something like that). That would solve this "problem." I don't think that the template and the matching category are far away, but until then, I think it's better to have the stubs in drink-stub than in corp-stub. Aecis 12:32, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

WP:RFA/SV
Ive made a quick reply to your comments at WPT:RFA/SV re. the Unsysop issue. Thanks -St|eve 14:03, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

Your path
I stole the flag idea from you (which you stole from Coolcat). I hope you don't mind... it was a great idea on both of your parts. -Parallel or Together? 15:49, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Requests_for_arbitration/Admin_enforcement_requested#William_Connolley.27s_parole_-_enforcement
Hi. Can you check out http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_arbitration/Admin_enforcement_requested#William_Connolley.27s_parole_-_enforcement and comment if appropriate. Thanks. William M. Connolley 19:21, 28 October 2005 (UTC).

 * Hi. Let me mention that WMC has brutally violated the rules of Wikipedia, and if you follow his order, you will be a violator, too. --Lumidek 20:45, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Please keep your nonsensical threats to yourself. Guettarda 23:51, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

Voluntary Wikipedia Questionnaire
My name is Oliver Metz. I am a student at Brent International School, Manila, an International school located in the Philippines. I am doing my last year of school (12th Grade) and I am writing a research paper (about 4000 words) on Wikipedia in ITGS (Information Technology in a Global Society). Of 10 randomly picked people you have been chosen as one. If you are willing and have the time to answer a few questions I would be grateful if you could fill out a short questionnaire of 6 questions.

Some Information about my essay:

My essay topic is about the freedom to collaborate and the usage of the Internet as a tool to do so. I will analyze topics such as Altruism versus Egoism as well as the Product Wikipedia itself.

My Thesis Statement: The Internet is not only a medium for communication, information and marketing but also a place for altruism, collaboration and cooperation. Wikipedia is the product of a voluntary collaborative effort that defies commonly held beliefs about human nature.

If you have any further questions or requests you would like to pose before filling out the questionnaire I'd gladly answer them.

you can write to: taklung@gmx.net (I check this e-mail address regularly)

Questionnaire:

Please answer the following questions by either inserting the answers or sending them to me via e-mail. (*are not necessarily required).

Name*: Age*: Nationality*:

1. How long have you been contributing to Wikipedia?

2. Have you or are you planning to donate money to the Wikipedia cause?

3. When you first heard of Wikipedia and the concepts it is based on, what did you think about it and did you believe it could work? What do you think now?

4. Why do you think people contribute to Wikipedia? With it being voluntary what interests do/did you follow when contributing to Wikipedia?

5. Do you think that Wikipedia appeals to Altruism? If yes, do you think such a thing can exist in our society in which greed and consumption apparently drive the world?

6. What do you think makes Wikipedia most beneficial to society?

Further comments*:

With kind regards,

Oliver Metz --TakLung 23:35, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

Comment
Dear Guettarda, I have not made any attacks. I just informed you that WMC has demonstrably violated the rules of Wikipedia - parole and other things. He's like a criminal who tries to escape from the prison, and I told you that helping him out means to help someone who violates the rules. All the best, Lubos

Answer
You are asking me whether your behavior is appropriate, or whether I confused you with someone else. No, I really did not make a mistake. It is you who has been vandalizing my talk page for quite some time, who has violated the rules of civil behavior, 3-reverts-per-24-hours rule, and who has actively co-operated to hide violation of the Wikirules by William M. Connolley who is under parole. I insist that you will stop with this behavior that damages the Wikipedia community; otherwise we would have to deal with you otherwise. Best wishes, Lubos --Lumidek 11:45, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

Enabling misbehaviour
You really should know better than enabling Lumidek's incivility and threats. I don't care what you POV is, you should not be making excuses for his threats and personal attacks. That it totally unacceptable behaviour. Guettarda 06:44, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

 * When did I approve his behavior? (SEWilco 22:04, 30 October 2005 (UTC))

A heartfelt request
I urge you in the most sincere and profound manner possible to reconsider your opposition to Requests_for_adminship/Haukurth, and in particular your reasoning for it. One of the reasons why I am willing to volunteer here is the NPOV policy, and the egalitarian nature of the project.

Nazi's, just like muslims or communists or satanists or jews have a right to edit here. User:Amalekite actualy urged users at stormfront to edit according to our rules, and to do so for the sake of promoting NPOV. The list in question was never suggested to be used to harm any wikipedian on or off line, but rather was expressed as a list of users he disliked (I believe he used vulgarities and racial slurs) whose edits he felt needed to be watched. I find it very important that off-site activities not affect on site activities.

Asking him to remove the list (Haukurth asked a stormfront admin to do so) would have been a good idea. Taking him to ArbCom would have been fine. Contgroversially perma-banning him w/o consensus and vandalising his wiki-fork until it was forced to shut down (as was done) was the worst thing I have ever seen wikipedians do. Please, I have always known you to be reasonable, please reconsider your vote. Sam Spade 21:51, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

User:128.101.39.45
He had made his arument for the template on Talk already, as "Wade A. Tisthammer",. His arguments didn't pass muster and have been archived. FeloniousMonk 22:32, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Very interesting reply considering you haven't found a way to refute my claims. In fact, looking back in the archive it seems you didn't even address the apparent distortions of science I raised concerns about.  Wade A. Tisthammer 18:11, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

Don't know how to send mail here, so...
In regards to your message:

 * Hi. If you want to insert an tag (and I think you really wanted  ) you need to explain specifically how the section violates NPOV. Given the amount of trolling that page attracts, it would be much better if you could raise the issues on the Talk page first. The best thing to do is to outline the specific changes you would like to make, and why. Thanks.

I actually was referring to the factual accuracy, not POV (though the article does have POV problems). The section I was referring to did have factual errors in both philosophy of science and in some cases even intelligent design. (Criticizing ID is one thing, distorting what ID theory actually says is quite another.) BTW, I have already gone to the discussion page first. --Wade A. Tisthammer (11/3/2005)

Ozone (sigh)
Can you take a look at Ozone depletion and Ozone layer and User:Barwick's contributions (especially this). Thanks! William M. Connolley 22:00, 4 November 2005 (UTC).

Personal attacks, third opinion needed
Hi, sorry to bother you with this, but you're both not someone who is intimately involved in the issues and who has a little bit of background with them. I'd like you to review User:Winnermario's edits at User_talk:Ericorbit. The situation is a little ugly. When I tried to mediate/stick my nose in where it didn't belong I got some real nastiness back. What I am unclear about is whether it is best to continue to ignore this sort of thing or to start some sort of dispute resolution process (but what is the dispute?) out of concern that it is adversely effecting a number of editors. Any comments would be appreciated. Thanks. Jkelly 02:12, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Puppet show. --Winnermario 13:52, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Puppet show. --Winnermario 16:29, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

 * You shut your mouth. And my contributions will never be missed — as long as there are several hooligans on this site, I will remain to sort these issues out the proper way. Currently, all attempts have failed. But that won't be the case for much longer. Permanent blocking won't work with me, as my comeback will be uplifting. --Winnermario 16:50, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I've had enough of you. Shut up. --Winnermario 16:55, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I will, and that will be editing Wikipedia. --Winnermario 16:58, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism you say?
Your edits in the article space amount to vandalism - please refrain from doing so. Please read the Manual of Style. In addition, your edits verge on personal attacks. Please read the No personal attacks policy. Guettarda 02:13, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

I'd appreciate an explanation on how my texts amount to vandalism. I did not outright delete someone else's work (like William M Connolley did, and you subsequently did in response to his request), I supplied references for the majority of the claims, and when none were readily available (I didn't search google for them), I provided reasoning for the statements.

How is there not an introductory paragraph? Near as I can tell I complied with the MoS just fine.

If you are going to dispute my claims, then do so, don't simply delete them. WMC has tried to dispute them and has gotten nowhere with his disputes. I provided an alternative to the "CFC's are Satan" rhetoric, and he didn't like it, and so completely deleted it. Are you trying to do the same thing? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Barwick (talk • contribs) November 4, 2005

 * 1) This edit is clear vandalism.
 * 2) Your formatting eliminated the introductory paragraph.  How can you claim otherwise?  Have you actually read the MoS?
 * 3) Explain your edits on the talk page first, and provide a reputable source.  Your edits contradict the facts as I can see them.  You said you have a source, please provide it.  Guettarda 03:24, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

Winnermario
Hi, Guettarda, I was wondering if you would consider unblocking Winnermario? I think to be fair Ericobit did insult her major, her age, and did call her a "cunt". It was a heated argument and I think both parties have cooled down. Also, you didn't block other users did you? DrippingInk claims to have been blocked and believes you did it? Thanks for your time OmegaWikipedia 17:35, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, I believe she is willing to be civil. Thanks Guettarda OmegaWikipedia 20:13, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

Haukur's RFA
Thank you for participation in the discussion of my RFA. At the beginning I thought that your strong opposition was based, at least to some extent, on a misunderstanding of my position and I hoped that by clearing things up we could come to some understanding or, at least, agree to disagree. After your first reply it was clear that this was not the case. You seemed to understand my views perfectly well - but you felt so strongly that they were wrong that I couldn't be trusted. You even told a user who voted to support me that his views were "chilling" and agreed with El C that if more people held those views you would leave Wikipedia.

Nothing I said throughout the process made you change your mind and you strongly opposed my nomination till the end. Out of everyone voting that way you were probably the best informed about what my actual positions were. You did not, for example, misunderstand my position on the representation of nazi POV on Wikipedia, as I felt some people did. Nor did you, at any point, assume that I was acting in bad faith. This is all to your credit.

If you're interested you can look at Wikipedia talk:Requests for adminship/Haukurth for some more recent thoughts from me and others. Thank you again and keep up the good work. - Haukur Þorgeirsson 18:39, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

in X Place?!!
I see you are one person that has been raising some ruckus about this. I have been on WikiVacation for a while, so just started paying attention to this. The new "User in Location" scheme makes absolutely no sense to me. Most of the places I can contribute information about are not the place I live in right now. I would be okay with having a new categorization scheme for who's where, but to do away with a way of listing oneself by places one is interested in and has information to offer about makes, I said, no sense to me. —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 19:36, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

 * wrt CfD; please! Drop me a line if you need support; I don't have much bandwidth, but would at least vote for it, and maybe try to explain why. —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 10:34, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Please see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Rmky87#in_X_Place.3F.21.21 for another comment from me. —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 21:38, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Thank You
Guettarda, Thank you for your support re Alienus. I hesitate to do an abrupt reversion of someone's well intentioned contribution, but it seemed appropriate in this case.--Nowa 13:47, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for keeping an eye on my user page! — Knowledge Seeker দ 06:07, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Hi. Chris Chittleborough is making some edits to Ross McKitrick - that I regard as unreasonably septical: deleting the fact that the results didn't change; adding nature forced publication; etc etc. Take a look when you have a moment. William M. Connolley 17:19, 9 November 2005 (UTC).

Keeping an eye on I.D.
I liked your edit, because "some" can imply "a minority". It certainly wouldn't be used to describe an overwhelming majority (say, 65%) - let alone a near-unanimous 90%.

Do you know what percent of scientists - either scientists in general, to include physicists, chemists, etc. or only biologists - reject ID? That would be good info for the ID article. I'm guessing that at least 90% of scientists in general reject it, and 99.8% to 99.9% of biologists. Uncle Ed 18:13, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Talk:Evolution
Wikipedia is not a debate forum; this applies to talk pages as well. Discussion regarding ways to improve the article are welcome, but general comments do not belong there. Thanks. Guettarda 19:54, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

How biased of you to remove my portion of the discussion ("Word Wide Acceptance of Evolution???"). What you did was the very thing I was claiming in my comments. Read what I wrote and tell me again you simply being editorial. The amount of debate material in this discussion is large enough already and you remove my contribution on the claim that this is not a debate forum! Get a grip of reality and see the tremendous bias this forum is displaying for the great debate of evolution and intelligent design. In the evolution article there is not one criticism in the main article but in the Intelligent Design main article you have criticsim on each point of the article, HOW BIASED! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rolandtrv (talk • contribs) November 9, 2005

 * It isn't bias, it's policy. Sorry that you were offended.  Your posting did not address article content.  If you feel that the article should be changes in whatever way, please feel free to post your suggestions (new comments go at the bottom of the talk page).  In addition, you should use the user talk page rather than the user page when you talk to individuals.  Thanks.  Guettarda 20:31, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

reply
Yes it would, but my bot is only doing templates that should not be changed, e.g. imagine if someone changed clear, that would possibly wreck lots of articles, conversly stub templates get changed fairly frequently and specifically want those changes reflected on all instances of that template, hence they will never be subst'ed. See Template substitution. thanks  Martin   20:47, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Not at all
I was just kidding, too. What, you can dish it out, but you can't take it?

I think I'm on wiki-hiatus. Life sucks right now, and probably will for the next few months. Graft 21:00, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Linking names
Hi, I noticed that you replaced Henry Cowles' middle name after I removed it. I did that so other articles that mention him would link to it without having to type the full legal name in those articles. Apparently you see this as a problem. Can I link to the Cowles article without typing the full name? Thanks. Jeeb 02:49, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the info and for adding the redirect. I thought there must be a better way than what I did.  Jeeb 03:15, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Durin, Kelly & NLT
My views on this matter are already on the RFC talk page.Geni 04:40, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Fortunetly (well except in a few cases) many who leave return. A few days away from wikipedia is something everyone needs from time to time. It is a mess but we have got through worse in the past.Geni 05:00, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

 * It all boils down to language codes. Kelly has some legal training which well effect her language codes so she will use legal terms where others do not. The problem is that use of legal terms tends to be percived a threatening (there is also the issue of different legal systems I'm in the uk where libel laws are a pain from the POV of the defendant). My training in chemistry probably results in some lanague shifts but people tend not to find that as threatening.Geni 05:34, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Template:Unsigned
Thanks for the tip about my sig on evolution, I deleted it. Also thanks for mentioning this template, I didn't even know about it. --hydnjo talk 16:57, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

Natural selection
If you have time, can you check out Natural selection? A new user has been making extensive changes. Personally, I think these changes are fine (I think the user has a fine understanding of natural selection). Nevertheless, I think it is a good idea for someone to check it over, even if only for style issues. Slrubenstein  |  Talk 13:46, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * About Natural selection I agree entirely with your assessment. I don't mean to shrug off my own responsibilities as an editor, but in this matter I trust you to do a better job making the necessary edits.  About Ramallite, well, thank you.  I have to admit, I do feel uncomfortable because what I wrote would fail the NOR test were I to put it into an article, and believe it or not I really, really really want to resist using Wikipedia as my own soapbox...  Still, thank you, Slrubenstein   |  [[User talk:Slrubenstein|Talk]] 15:27, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

can you help
Hi, could you look at my comment here ? Might you be one of the people who could respond to my point by adding accurate information to the "gene" article? Slrubenstein  |  [[User talk:Slrubenstein|Talk]] 19:09, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Toning down language
rv - it's bad faith (if not vandalism) to remove content before AFd'ing an article. I'm going got ask you to tone down your language, please. You can be passionate about a topic and remain polite at the same time, it is possible. Also, revert wars are not productive. And merging articles with prior concensus isn't either. Cheers, Vizcarra
 * The only concerns you have pointed out in my talk page were the afd on bissap. And if you pay close attention it was to rename it to the English term for it. This being the English wikipedia. As for the "removal of content". That content belongs to Jamaica (drink), it was merged without prior concensus. I have explained both issues to you. And I don't know why they are still a surprise to you. --Vizcarra 04:56, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Since you have chosen to not tone down your remarks, I'm going to choose not to respond to them. Cheers, --Vizcarra 06:04, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Please abstain from leaving any more messages in my talk page. They will be erased. --Vizcarra 17:17, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

Policy frowns on disruption. Guidelines say that you should address the concerns of others. So far all you have to say with regards to your apparent abuse of AfD is to tell me that I should not call a spade a spade, and to say that you refuse to address concerns about your behaviour. It's also frowned upon to delete people's questions without answering them. Placing yourself above Wikipedia guidelines and policies will only get you into more trouble. This is a community - you need to try to function as a member of the community. You are not free to alter policy to suit your whims. The community does not exist to serve you. Policies and guidelines apply to everyone - even you! Guettarda 17:51, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

Congratulations
Hello Guettarda! I don't know if you are a football fan. However, congratulations to T&T qualification for FIFA World Cup. - Darwinek 18:27, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Do you plan a football-related visit to Germany in 2006? Great news for me too, Poland have already qualified and the Czech Republic seems to qualify too. I am watching it now on TV. - Darwinek 19:36, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

Suggestion
If I were you, I would remove the first sentence on the front of your profile page. It isn't very polite and puts-down a fellow Wikipedian. --Hollow Wilerding 01:43, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

Reply
I've replied to your comment on my talk page at WP:AN/3RR. The summary of my position is that I read the arbcom decision as indicating that due to his past irresponsible behavior, William M Connelly is now held to a higher standard of behavior than others when it comes to reverting. I happen to agree with you that the particular thing he reverted was stupid. Nonetheless, it would have taken an extra minute for him to throw a note on the talk page saying "I reverted this because it was vandalism." Nandesuka 13:50, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Guettarda/Archive9


text:
HMS K5

HMS K5 was one of the K-class submarines that served in the Royal Navy from 1917–1921. She was lost with all hands when she sank en route to a mock battle in the Bay of Biscay.

War service
At the end of the war in 1918, K5 was part of the 12th Submarine Flotilla based at Rosyth, along with six others of the K-class.

Loss
K5 left Torbay on 19 January 1921 with the HMS K8, HMS K10, HMS K15 and HMS K22 as part of the Atlantic Fleet for a mock battle in the Bay of Biscay.

The submarine was commanded by an experienced officer, Lieutenant Commander John A Gaimes, DSO, RN, but had a new crew. The other officers on board were Lieutenant F Cuddeford, Engineer-Lieutenant E Bowles, Acting Engineer-Lieutenant G Baker, Lieutenant B Clarke and Acting Lieutenant R Middlemist. The full complement included 51 ratings on board.

All 57 hands were lost on 20 January about 120 mi south-west of the Isles of Scilly. She had signalled that she was diving but she did not surface at the end of the exercise. An oil slick was discovered and after planks from the battery covers and a sailor's "ditty box" were recovered, it was presumed that she had somehow gone past her maximum depth and been crushed.

On return from her exercises in the Mediterranean in 1922, HMS Hood (51) and the rest of the fleet dropped wreaths and held a memorial service where K5 had gone down.

Problems with the K-class
Retired Rear-Admiral S.S. Hall wrote in The Times under the heading "An Experts Theory" "...it may be taken as certain that the loss of the vessel was due to some delay to checking the downward momentum gained by the vessel being overtrimmed in diving, either by admitting compressed air too slowly to too many tanks at one time, to tanks only partially full, or to a sea connexion being closed prematurely."

The waters where the battle exercises were taking place were so deep that the vessel would have been crushed, losing control due to the intake of water. Admiral Hall wrote that it was "not clear why the 'K' class should be taken for cruises in the Atlantic in winter." He describes the submarines as 'freaks' that were designed especially for the conditions of the North Sea during World War I. "The high surface speed necessitates great length, and the further complication of steam demands very large openings for funnels and air intakes to boiler rooms. These have always been a source of great anxiety in bad weather or in rapid diving." He also drew attention to the need for a thoroughly trained crew to operate them safely.

HMS K13 suffered a similar fate during her acceptance trials, when she foundered with the loss of 32 of those on board. The cause of the incident was related to the openings to which Hall refers.

title: HMS K5


text:
User:Tom Webb/Illustrations

This is the area where I list my Illustrations made for Wikipedia:

 * [[Image:Auckland_Railway_Network_Diagram.png|thumb|left|Auckland Railway Network Diagram]]
 * [[Image:GEORGIE_PIE_LOGO.png|thumb|left|Georgie Pie Logo]]

title: User:Tom Webb/Illustrations


text: File:E Straven.jpg

title: File:E Straven.jpg


text: User talk:141.213.184.96

title: User talk:141.213.184.96


text:
Talk:James Lesure

Untitled
His official website is www.jameslesure.com

Is it just me or does this read like a sales pitch now? In 72 hours I'm going to change it back to Caerwine's version if there is no dissent. kju 05:34, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Actually, sod that. I'm reverting it. kju 14:32, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Lara Flyn Boyle
Is he really dating Lara Flyn Boyle from the show?

title: Talk:James Lesure


text:
User:VSquared

User:VSquared/Sandbox

title: User:VSquared


text:
Taxiles

Taxiles or Taxilas (Tαξίλης, Taxílēs or Ταξίλας, Taxílas lived 4th century BC) was the Greek chroniclers' name for the ruler who reigned over the tract between the Indus and the Jhelum (Hydaspes) Rivers in the Punjab region at the time of Alexander the Great's expedition. His real name was Ambhi (Greek: Omphis), and the Greeks appear to have called him Taxiles or Taxilas, after the name of his capital city of Taxila, near the modern city of Attock, Pakistan.

Life
Ambhi ascended to throne of Takshasila. He sent an embassy to Alexander along with presents consisting of 200 Talents of silver, 3,000 fat oxen and 10,000 sheep or more ( both are estimated around 600 talents of silver)a force of 700 horsemen and offered for surrender. He appears to have been on hostile terms with his neighbour, Porus, who held the territories east of the Hydaspes. It was probably with a view to strengthening himself against this foe that he sent an embassy to Alexander, while the latter was still in Sogdiana, with offers of assistance and support, perhaps in return for money. Alexander was cautious by the sight of Ambhi's forces on his first descent into India in 327 BC and ordered his own forces to form up. Ambhi hastened to relieve Alexander of his apprehension and met him with valuable presents, placing himself and all his forces at his disposal. Alexander not only returned Ambhi his title and the gifts but he also presented him with a wardrobe of "Persian robes, gold and silver ornaments, 30 horses and 1000 talents in gold". Alexander was emboldened to divide his forces, and Ambhi assisted Hephaestion and Perdiccas in constructing a bridge over the Indus where it bends at Hund (Fox 1973), supplied their troops with provisions, and received Alexander himself, and his whole army, in his capital city of Taxila, with every demonstration of friendship and the most liberal hospitality.

On the subsequent advance of the Macedonian king, Taxiles accompanied him with a force of 5000 men and took part in the Battle of the Hydaspes.

Later Eudemus took over Taxila briefly, after which Chandragupta Maurya conquered Alexander's satraps in the sub-continent by 317 BC.

title: Taxiles