text:
Talk:Adelaide Institute

Untitled
If the affiliates of the Adelaide institute insist on editing this article to insert their own POV I suggest they at least attempt to word it in such a way as to be; 1) non-offensive 2) Factually correct 3) non biased Because if they don’t I’m happy to keep changing it back and each time I change it I will insert more and more material negative to the Adelaide institute. Regards Dave
 * Thanks for keeping an eye on this article. It's good to know I'm not the only one. However. with regards to the following statement: "I will insert more and more material negative to the Adelaide institute". You will do nothing of the sort, or your edits will be deemed POV and rightly reverted. Please read our policy on the Neutral Point of View. The idea is to ensure the article remains objective and free of biased anecdotes. Thanks,--Cyberjunkie | Talk 05:36, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

When I say that I will insert material negitive to the Adelaide Institute I am not implying that the infomation will breach POV. Facts about the court cases that the institute have been involved in can still be objective, regards Mutty

Thought I might rewrite the article, hope the two of you don’t mind. If you don’t like a bit please edit and say on here what you found objectionable. AdelaideRandel 04:12, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

specifics?
This article would benefit from some specifics - it's kind of vague in places. For example, "the activity of the Institute seems to have declined" - either it has it it has not; "seems" smells like one author's opinion. Also, this sentence:
 * It has been noted by human rights organisations that the Institute has failed to fully comply with the order of the Federal Court of Australia and still publishes materials that it was ordered to rememove in the 2002 judgement.

Which human rights organizations have noted this? The article should name them and cite the statement specifically. CDC (talk) 00:48, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Good points. --cj | talk 03:31, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I've removed these statements - without better sourcing, they don't add anything to the article. CDC (talk) 00:53, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

Why those tactice?
The current article is basically smear. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 168.210.90.180 (talk • contribs) 02:12, 14 December 2005 (ACST).

 * You're welcome to improve the article.--cj | talk 03:31, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

6 million was a number plucked from thin air for marketing reasons. The actual number was around 1.3m, still a lot mind you. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 125.208.173.84 (talk) 08:13, 17 October 2008 (UTC)

No it isn't, the vast bulk of historians and academics accept a number that is far, far higher than that (most estimates put the number killed in Auschwitz alone at around 1.4 million) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.241.127.220 (talk) 23:51, 16 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Correction, the vast bulk of historians and academics do not necessary ACCEPT the number, they just don't dispute it. And if one observes the treatment of Dr Toben one gets a good idea why. --41.151.178.232 (talk) 19:40, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

Disputing anything about this issue could be a criminal offense in many countries and usually lead to career problems.

actually the 6 million jews was part of a jewish prophecy dating back before even WW1 that claimed that the 6 million would be needed to form the jewish state now known as israel. a bit of time spent on google you will find old news articles proclaiming the 6 million well before WW2 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.240.183.28 (talk) 01:58, 25 July 2016 (UTC)

The figure used in a court by the International Red Cross (Arolsen) was 271,301 people of all backgrounds that died in the German camps, of old age, typhus and at the end of the war,due to allied bombing of everything in Germany including food production and transport. Germans outside of the camps died from the same causes.

The Red Cross had representatives stationed in the camps and their records accorded with the German records. As I recall it the 53,000 people died in Auschwitz, most of them Catholics, according to the crematory records seized by the Soviets but released about twenty years ago. A few of the record volumes are missing. About 3,000 children were born in Auschwitz and many attended a commemoration ceremony there a few years ago, aged in their seventies.

To cremate a million people would have required 20-30,000 tons of coal (as I recall it, 800 tons were used, enough to deal with the typhus deaths) and thousands of tons of remains would exist somewhere, but have not been found. The remains of ancient cremated Romans still exist. The Germans supposedly cremated 1-2,000 people per hour with a very small number of crematory ovens using a handful of coal at 500'c during a few minutes whereas the best modern crematoria take about one and a half hours at 800'c.

I recall seeing a website where someone claimed that because a deceased friend had seen an elevator loaded with bodies [five was the limit] then that was proof of the allegations against the Germans. Not so. Did the elevator make a return trip to the crematorium once or twice per hour, or according to the official story, make 200 to 400 return trips per hour carrying five bodies each trip? The superhumans would have needed to untangle five bodies and load/unload them within a few seconds and cremate them within a few seconds before the next corpses arrived. Impossible? Not for the magic Germans of WW2.

We are in the age of'big data'. It ought to be possible to search the records of every hospital and government registry in Europe for birth certificates issued between 1845 and 1945 to ascertain how many Jewish children were born in each hospital during this period. If 1,000 hospitals existed then we could expect to find about 3,000 who survived and have claimed compensation (and were issued with birth certificates), a large number of people who died from various causes unrelated to WW2, and an additional 6,000 people per hospital who were actually killed in the camps (not just died of old age, disease or bombing and the consequences of bombing.

NPOV Warning added
I've added a Neutral Point of View dispute header to this article. My personal views are not against the consensual historical view of the Holocaust, however it appears to me that the article contains quite a lot of smear that purports as mere fact and does not explore the actual organisation's contentions sufficiently. Being a "Holocause denier" organisation is not automatically interchangable as being a group of villains.

I would suggest that these things really needs to be discussed because they are shaping the modern political world, (possibly destablising the Middle East from some POVs) and to merely silence and jail critics however distasteful seems to me to be the time honoured method of the facsist. From my own point of view, a great deal of my (British and Australian) family gave their lives in WW2, and it was not so that the survivors could loose the right to discuss anything and everything. The Holocaust and Israel should be no exception in my opinion. Sean --124.180.139.224 (talk) 23:38, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

 * What part of this article does not adhere to the neutral point of view, in your opinion? We're just here to discuss this article, not the Institute in general, much less the Holocaust.   Will Beback    talk    23:46, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

Hi Will - for example the article cites that "it is considered to be anti-semetic by Australian and human rights groups" yet fails to adress who says this and why. So this is merely attempting to criticise them without any relevant citation or discussion. It isn't so much relevant that nobody likes them, it is more important to my mind to discuss what the Adelaide Institute do and don't say, and why this is and isn't correct. Merely saying that some unspecified groups dislike them seems just like smear. I can't find much on the "Adelaide Institute" website, so how are these non-specified groups so well informed? It is also worth mentioning that the article cites "Australian groups" - this sounds like an official thing, perhaps a government organisation - but it is vague - it could mean absolutely nothing, or it could be "Amnesty International" or the "Australia Zionist League" or the "Death to the Muslim Terrorist Association" - we just aren't told either way so we can't make up our own mind.

Further the article says that they are "implicated in distributing Holocaust denials". Denying the Holocaust or disenting with mainstream view of the Holocaust is not something that one can be "implicated" in (at least not in the Australia). One may quite legally say whatever one wishes - it is not a crime. We do have an anti-discrimination act, but one may completely deny the Holocaust if one wishes. This would be an absurd position of course but there isn't a factual case presented that this is what the Adelaide Institute actually do. It may be that they are simply anti-Zionist or they dipute the claimed number of Holocaust deaths.

Use of this type of emotive biased language (eg "apparently targeting", "implicated" is found throughout the article - "members of the institute were implicated in distributing Holocaust denial pamphlets on the street and through the mail, apparently targeting those of Jewish background" - once again, one is allowed to distribute material to people of Jewish background through mail in this country without any crime or implication involved - if it incited a crime, threat etc, then it would be clearly illegal, but this wasn't the claim of the author. So the article takes exception that someone send a brochure to a Jewish person but fails to discuss what the article in fact said - so it attempts to condemn them but the condemntation contains no information or substance. This is clearly bias because it attempt to make my mind up for me. It takes the tone of a police officer who is discussing a crime so to speak, but there is not information, no outline of a crime - merely the facade of one.

It says "It has been noted by human rights organisations that the Institute has failed to fully comply with the order of the Federal Court of Australia" - yet does not specify what groups say this. Furthemore, it is actually not relevant as the Federal Court is the only real arbiter of whehter it has been complied with or not. It also doesn't describe the actual ruling in it's original legal terms (whatever they may be), but puts it instead into plain language without citation. Once gain, this appears to be bias.

It decribes the members of the Institute in a biased way for example "German Holocaust denier and pamphleteer". That seems to be highly emotive language. The term "German Holocaust denier" is being placed upon him as if an authority of some sort has found this to be so, but it fails to cite where and how. It is essentially a "weasel word" way of implying that he is a Nazi. This might be true, but there are no facts at hand. He may be a German man who hands out pamphlets about disputes the Holocaust. In my country (Australia), that is not a crime. Even the term "pamphleteer" sounds terribly serious when he could in fact just be a crazy guy that likes handing out pamphlets about how much he hates the Jews, Israel etc. I'll never know because the article doesn't allow me to see the facts for myself - it tries to steer me toward thinking a certain thing without allowing me to use my own brain. I don't want to be told what to think - I'd rather have the facts and decide for myself.

Dr Toben was dismissed from his employment as a teacher in South Australia - because he insisted on teaching the children Shakespeare! He is a rational, dedicated academic. It is simple and fair to make a decision about him by actually visiting his website or that of the Adelaide institute to form your own opinion. Who would attempt to prevent you. There is no 'hate' on his website initiated by him. He is not a carpet-chewing madman. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 1.129.96.84 (talk) 21:49, 27 December 2016 (UTC)

Finally, it links to the subjects of "AIDS denialism", "Antisemitism", "Black supremacy", "Holocaust denial", "Nation of Islam and antisemitism", "Racism and White supremacy". The article fails to factually establish how the Adelaide Institute is connected to "Black Supremacy", but in adding them as links, it helps to colour the association. This is commonly called arguing after the fact and is a propaganda technique. One would read on about these awful subjects, and the link will have been made in your mind so it again attempts to make your mind up for you. Some of these terms are also buzzwords - for example often one will hear the term "Antisemitism" from a "Zionist" in relation to Palestinian "terrorists". Strictly speaking, this term is redundant in this context because both of them are Semitic people in any case. The term should really be "anti-Zionist". Since many Arabs are also Semites, it is more a propaganda buzzword in the same way that "terrorist" is used for any and all people that a propagandist wishes to invalidate.

I should add, that I genuinely don't have a particular opinion on the Adelaide Institute having not seem many facts either for or against them, but the article clearly does, and so to my mind, is diplays a bias, and thereby doesn't contain a neutral point of view. Sean --124.180.139.224 (talk) 00:45, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

Neo Nazi Claim
The statement "The Neo-Nazi group was also linked to the murder of a security guard at a Holocaust Museum in June 2009." is clearly libelous and blatant slander. No reference is given to back it up. The poster of this statement should be immediately banned.

Quite so. Falsely accusing someone of a crime is itself a crime.

listing website host
The statement: "The Institute does however still maintain a website (hosted in Adelaide by Adam Internet) on which statements on various issues are regularly posted." doesn't need to specifically mention the ISP host. This is clearly intended to be provocative and apply subtle pressure on the ISP. Anyone who is interested in the host can easily look it up. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.168.192.226 (talk) 15:00, 12 June 2009 (UTC)

HHT group?
another slanderous statement: "An off shoot organisation named HHT is gaining popularity with its violent acts and racial intolerance within Adelaide." was removed, again no reference given and clearly designed to defame. The moderator needs to be much more vigilant with this poster. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.168.216.71 (talk) 01:41, 13 June 2009 (UTC)

The use of the word "propaganda" is POV and emotive, and should be deleted.124.197.15.138 (talk) 23:14, 27 November 2009 (UTC)

Adelaide Institute articles mention that the German military contained large numbers of people from many races (Africans, Asians and 150,000 Jews, 171 of whom were high-ranking officers including admirals, Generals and Colonels. Adelaide Institute's articles are not "Racist, racist, racist -ad infinitum, ad nauseum."

Semitic?
Is it 'anti-semitic' to mention that according to sections of the Jewish Encyclopaedia published between 1901 and 1905, only a tiny number of Jews were semitic? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 1.129.96.84 (talk) 21:26, 27 December 2016 (UTC)

Adelaide Institute is neutral
The Adelaide Institute website publishes material and communications from Jewish sources. Its archives are open and available. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 1.129.96.84 (talk) 21:35, 27 December 2016 (UTC)

What prompted Töben to cease being director
Töben was imprisoned in Mannheim Prison in 1998. In 2009 he was imprisoned in South Australia for contempt of court. Enthusiast01 (talk) 23:49, 28 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Is this sourced? Beyond My Ken (talk) 01:19, 29 November 2017 (UTC)
 * See my last edit summary. Please add a reference, which you can get from the article about Toben. Beyond My Ken (talk) 08:13, 29 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Adelaide Institute


text:
Michigan Public

Michigan Public (known until 2024 as Michigan Radio) is a network of five FM public radio stations operated by the University of Michigan through its broadcasting arm, Michigan Public Media. The network is a founding member of National Public Radio and an affiliate of Public Radio International, American Public Media, and BBC World Service. Its main studio is located in Ann Arbor, with satellite studios in Flint and offices in Grand Rapids. It currently airs news and talk, which it has since July 1, 1996. The combined footprint of the five stations covers most of the southern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, from Muskegon to Detroit. All five stations broadcast in HD, albeit without any digital subchannels.

WUOM
WUOM (91.7 FM) in Ann Arbor is the flagship station of Michigan Public, broadcasting with a 93,000 watt transmitter from a 237 m tower near Pinckney. The University of Michigan applied to the FCC on September 11, 1944, for a station at 43.1 FM (part of a band of frequencies used for testing of Frequency Modulation) with a power of 50,000 watts. At the time an assignment on the new FM band was seen as a significant disadvantage.

The FCC granted a license for WUOM (for University of Michigan) at 91.7 in the brand new FM band; the station went on the air on July 5, 1948. Classical music made up a large chunk of the station's broadcast day until the late 1990s, when, faced with declining ratings and listener pledges, Michigan Radio changed its daytime programming to news and talk. Classical music programming continued for a time at night and was eventually phased out altogether.

WUOM, at 93,000 watts, is a "grandfathered superpower" station along with network sister station WVGR. According to the FCC, the same setup being newly licensed today would only be allotted 20.38 kilowatts from the same antenna height.

WFUM
WFUM (91.1 FM), formerly WFUM-FM, licensed to the University of Michigan, is the Flint affiliate of Michigan Public which began broadcasting on August 23, 1985. It broadcasts with 17,500 watts from a HAAT of 149 m up on a tower near Goodrich, near the intersection of Kipp and Washburn roads.

Until 2009, WFUM was the sister station of PBS affiliate WFUM-TV. The stations shared tower space, even after Central Michigan University (CMU) purchased the latter station in January 2010 and changed its callsign to WCMZ-TV later that year. CMU sold WCMZ-TV in the FCC spectrum auction in February 2017 and it was shut down in April 2018.

WVGR
WVGR (104.1 FM), licensed to the University of Michigan, is the Grand Rapids affiliate of Michigan Public which began broadcasting on December 7, 1961. For almost 40 years, WVGR blanketed West Michigan with a powerful 108,000-watt signal from an arm on local NBC affiliate WOOD-TV's tower. However, when WOOD-TV needed WVGR's old space for an HD transmitter, WVGR was forced to cut its power to 20,000 watts from space on CBS affiliate WWMT's tower. It moved to its own tower near Wayland in 2006 and boosted its power to 96,000 watts, largely restoring its original coverage area.

WVGR is a "grandfathered superpower" Class B, FM station. The maximum power that would be granted today, would be 23,500 watts effective radiated power, using the same antenna height of 221 m.

WRSX
WRSX (91.3 FM) is the network's Port Huron affiliate. Originally WSGR-FM, it was a college radio station broadcasting an alternative rock and freeform format and licensed to St. Clair County Community College. The station provided an outlet to artists that normally wouldn't be played on commercial stations in the market. On December 6, 2017, the station signed off the air.

On December 12, 2017, St. Clair County Regional Education Service Agency (RESA) announced it would be assuming control of the station and moving its studios to its Technical Education Center in Marysville, Michigan and join its digital media technology program. The transfer of WSGR-FM's license was consummated on July 9, 2018. On August 17, 2018, RESA changed the station's call sign to WRSX, with all programming supplied from Michigan Public (at the time known as Michigan Radio) as a simulcast of Ann Arbor station WUOM 91.7 starting on September 4, 2018.

WLNZ
WLNZ (89.7 FM), licensed to Lansing Community College (LCC), is the network's newest affiliate, serving the state's capital city. After shutting down as an adult album alternative station on March 13, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was resurrected as a Michigan Public (then known as Michigan Radio) affiliate on November 15, 2021. As part of a partnership between LCC and Michigan Public, locally-produced programming will continue to air on Saturdays at 1 PM and Sundays at 6 PM.

Beginnings
Starting in the 1920s, the University of Michigan Extension Service Bureau of Broadcasting produced programs for other radio stations; for instance, in November 1944, the Bureau of Broadcasting produced "Stump the Professor" for WJR in Detroit and "The Balkan States: Places and Nations in the News" for WKAR in East Lansing. (U of M actually had a short-lived AM station of their own, WCBC, in 1924–25.)

In the early 1940s, the university applied for a new radio station, but was turned down by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as there were no available frequencies on the AM band at the time. (WPAG, now WTKA, would become Ann Arbor's first permanent radio station in 1945.) Around this time, U of M began working on plans for a statewide network of four FM stations to be located in Ann Arbor, Mount Pleasant, Manistique and Houghton. The university applied to the FCC on September 11, 1944 for a station at 43.1 FM (part of a band of frequencies used for testing of Frequency Modulation) with a power of 50,000 watts; by 1947, the new station was given the call letters WATX and was assigned to 42.1 FM. (At the time, a station on the new FM band was seen as being at a significant disadvantage.)

The FCC granted a license for WUOM (for University of Michigan) at 91.7 in the brand new FM band; the station went on the air in 1948, broadcasting from studios in Angell Hall on the UM campus. In 1949 the station moved across the street to newly completed studios on the fifth floor of the Administration Building, now known as the Literature, Science & Arts Building. Michigan Radio remained in those studios until August 23, 2003, when it moved off campus to the Argus Building on Ann Arbor's Old West Side.

The university toyed with the idea of opening a TV outlet in the early 1950s: WUOM-TV was assigned a construction permit for Channel 26 in 1953, but never made it to the air. (The following year, the Educational Television and Radio Center (ETRC) moved to Ann Arbor; the ETRC shifted to New York City in 1958 and eventually became National Educational Television, forerunner to the modern Public Broadcasting Service.)

WFUM (for Flint University of Michigan) has been on the air at its current 91.1 frequency since August 23, 1985 when it first signed on as WFUM-FM. The original WFUM operated at 107.1 MHz during the 1950s and was also a simulcast of WUOM. WFUM (FM) was shut down after WUOM increased its power to 115,000 watts, giving it adequate coverage of Flint and meaning that WFUM, which operated with only 400 watts of power, was no longer necessary. WUOM has since reduced its power to 93,000 watts, but still can be heard with a fair signal in Flint. WFUM today operates with 17,500 watts of power. Its signal reaches the immediate area around Flint primarily but also can be heard in far northern parts of the Detroit metro area on selective radios. The current incarnation used the "-FM" extension because the WFUM callsign was also assigned to the University of Michigan's television station in Flint when the station first signed on, WFUM (TV). In 2009, the TV station was sold to Central Michigan University and the call letters changed to WCMZ-TV, so WFUM-FM adopted the simplified call letters WFUM.

WVGR (Vogt Grand Rapids, after Fred Vogt, who led the campaign for public radio in the area) has been broadcasting since December 7, 1961. It covers West Michigan with a powerful 96,000-watt signal. WVGR had long operated at 108,000 watts from rented space on NBC affiliate WOOD-TV's tower, but had to move in 1999 because WOOD needed the space for its HDTV transmitter. It temporarily moved to CBS affiliate WWMT's tower while it raised money for a new tower of its own. WVGR was forced to downgrade to a mono signal at 20,000 watts, but resumed broadcasting from its own tower in the fall of 2006.

Early growth
WUOM quickly established itself as one of the leading educational broadcasters. Because the station was not affiliated with any of the commercial radio networks, it produced nearly all the programs it broadcast in the early days. The program guide for October 1949 shows the station on the air from 12:00pm–10:00pm on weekdays (the station had just expanded into evenings), with a few hours of programs on Saturday and Sunday. The programs listed in the 1949 guide include "From the Classrooms," "Songs of France," "Tell Me, Professor," "Especially for Women," "Around the Town," "Record Rarities," "Hymns of Freedom," "Angell Hall Playhouse," and "Tea-Time Tunes." The station also offered live play-by-play of Michigan football games that month, as well as two live concerts from Hill Auditorium - recitals featuring University of Michigan faculty. Some of the programs featured recorded music, but nearly all programs were performed live to air in the first days. By the early 1950s, many of these shows were being transcribed and sent to other stations.

In the mid 1960s, the station had the largest staff of any FM radio station in the country. WUOM produced programs that were broadcast throughout Michigan on commercial and educational stations, and many of its programs aired around the country. The tapes were "bicycled" from one educational station to another.

In the 1970s and 1980s, WUOM hosted classical music Sunday through Friday, and jazz on Saturday afternoons. Radio plays were sometimes featured as well. Classical music host Peter Greenquist's "Morning Show" of classical music and news is much of the heart of the Ann Arbor community, and sportscaster Tom Hemingway could be heard across the city on football Saturdays, often telling stories about the history of the game that only such local "townies" would be able to remember. In the 1980s, the station added a nationally syndicated New Age music program, Music from the Hearts of Space, as well as an hour of more eclectic music before the midnight sign-off, featuring the University of Michigan Men's Glee Club.

WUOM's popularity gradually decreased from the height of the 1960s, though it still retained enough prestige to become a charter member of NPR in 1971. It was one of the approximately 90 stations that aired the inaugural broadcast of All Things Considered.

In 1995 the CPB informed the station that its audience was so small that its federal funding was in jeopardy, due to new rules in line with the drastically reduced funding for public broadcasting across the United States. Around the same time, the University of Michigan commissioned a private (not public) study that recommended the university divest itself of the radio stations. The university decided against that plan.

Crisis and Controversy: The Format Change of 1996
Donovan Reynolds became the university's director of broadcasting in 1996. He was immediately confronted with Michigan Radio's failing format, a $265,000 deficit, low staff morale, and the imminent threat of losing the stations' federal funding. Given a one-year deadline by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting to turn around the stations' dismal audience and revenue figures, he decided that only radical change could save the organization. On July 1, 1996, he switched most of the station's classical music format to news and information, and began broadcasting the NPR News/Talk stream on the first day it was offered to stations.

The decision was highly controversial. A group of classical music listeners, angered by the format change and the termination of four employees, petitioned the University of Michigan Board of Regents to reverse the changes, saying they were based on "dubious research" and had alienated the stations' core audience and contributors. But the next fund-drive, only four months later, was the most successful in the stations' history. Within 18 months, the stations' accumulated deficit was eliminated, the number of listeners increased by 30%, and revenue increased so quickly the $1.5 million budget was increased to $2.5 million. The stations' federal funding had been saved.

By 2002, Michigan Radio was one of the fastest growing public radio stations in the country and the 11th most listened to NPR station. As one of the first successful news/talk public radio stations on FM, Michigan Radio may have helped influence similarly transitions to that format by stations including WUNC in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, WBUR-FM in Boston, WAMU in Washington, DC, KPCC in Pasadena, California, WHYY-FM in Philadelphia and WBEZ in Chicago. For several years after 1996, Michigan Radio's rise was a case study in the public radio industry, including in Iowa, where the Bornstein and Associates Report on Iowa Public Radio consolidation devotes a chapter to studying Michigan Radio's format change.

The Michigan Radio network rebranded as Michigan Public on January 10, 2024.

Current programming
Michigan Public provides a variety of programs from NPR and American Public Media. In addition, Michigan Public broadcasts the BBC World Service as distributed by APM during the late night and early morning hours. In 2012, the station created its daily, locally produced talk show, Stateside, which covers a wide range of Michigan news and policy issues — as well as culture and lifestyle stories. Stateside was originally hosted by Cynthia Canty (Mon-Thu) and Lester Graham (Fri). The current host of Stateside is April Baer.

Local hosts include Doug Tribou (mornings during Morning Edition), Christina Shockley (afternoons during All Things Considered) and Mike Perini (middays). The news staff includes Steve Carmody, Dustin Dwyer, Lindsey Smith, Kate Wells, Sarah Cwiek, Rebecca Kruth, Tracy Samilton, Sarah Hulett, and news director Vincent Duffy. Michigan Public produces The Environment Report, sports commentary from John U. Bacon, the latest political happenings in Lansing on It's Just Politics and That's What They Say, a weekend feature from UM English Professor Anne Curzan that explores our changing language and discusses why we say what we say.

In 2018, reporters Kate Wells and Lindsey Smith produced "Believed," a podcast on the Larry Nassar case which went on to win a Peabody Award.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Michigan Public


text:
Road to Nowhere

"Road to Nowhere" is a song by the American band Talking Heads, from their 1985 album Little Creatures. The song was written by David Byrne and released as a single in 1985. It reached  on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and   on the UK, German and South African singles charts. It also made  on the Dutch Top 40. It also appeared on Best of Talking Heads, Sand in the Vaseline: Popular Favorites, the Once in a Lifetime box set and the Brick box set.

Production
"I wanted to write a song that presented a resigned, even joyful look at doom," recalls David Byrne in the liner notes of Once in a Lifetime: The Best of Talking Heads. "At our deaths and at the apocalypse... (always looming, folks). I think it succeeded. The front bit, the white gospel choir, is kind of tacked on, 'cause I didn't think the rest of the song was enough... I mean, it was only two chords. So, out of embarrassment, or shame, I wrote an intro section that had a couple more in it."

Reception
Cash Box said that "this marching single which features David Byrne's soothing lead vocal is a curious and circus-ride look at life." Billboard said that within the song "a cappella gospel leads into Louisiana hootenanny."

Music video
The video for the song was directed by Byrne and Stephen R. Johnson and features the band and various objects revolving, including boxes revolving around David Byrne's head. Tina Weymouth and Chris Frantz portray a couple growing older, and masked businessmen pummel each other with briefcases and a runaway shopping cart, as if in their own "road to nowhere".

Some parts were shot in the back yard and pool of actor Stephen Tobolowsky, who was co-writing Byrne's film True Stories at the time. Scenes were also shot at Calvary Baptist Church in Hi Vista, California. Director Johnson re-used some of the effects techniques in award-winning videos for Peter Gabriel the following year: "Sledgehammer" and "Big Time".

It was nominated for Best Video of the Year at the 1986 MTV Video Music Awards, losing out to "Money for Nothing" by Dire Straits.

Personnel
Talking Heads
 * David Byrne – lead vocals and backing vocals, electric guitar
 * Jerry Harrison – organ and backing vocals
 * Tina Weymouth – bass and backing vocals
 * Chris Frantz – drums

Additional musicians
 * Andrew Cader – washboard
 * Erin Dickens – backing vocals
 * Diva Gray – backing vocals
 * Gordon Grody – backing vocals
 * Lani Groves – backing vocals
 * Jimmy Macdonell – accordion
 * Lenny Pickett – saxophone
 * Steve Scales – tambourine
 * Kurt Yaghjian – backing vocals

Cover versions and other uses

 * Charlie Crist, in his unsuccessful 2010 run for the U.S. Senate in Florida, used the song in a campaign video without obtaining permission. David Byrne sued for copyright infringement and, in a legal settlement, Crist issued a video apology for his improper use.

title: Road to Nowhere


text:
Journal of Biogeography

The Journal of Biogeography is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in biogeography that was established in 1974. It covers aspects of spatial, ecological, and historical biogeography. The founding editor-in-chief was David Watts, followed by John Flenley (1936-2018), Philip Stott (1987-2004), Robert J. Whittaker (2004-2015), and Peter Linder (University of Zurich; 2015–2019). As of early 2023, the editor-in-chief was Michael N Dawson (University of California, Merced).

In 2023, most editors and the editor-in-chief have resigned protesting that the publisher "seemed to emphasize cost-cutting and margins over good editorial practice".

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in: • Academic Search Premier

• CAB Abstracts

• AGRICOLA

• CSA Illumina

• Elsevier BIOBASE

• Biological Abstracts

• BIOSIS Previews

• Current Contents/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences

• GEOBASE

• GeoRef

• Dietary Supplements database

• Science Citation Index Expanded

• Scopus

• VINITI Database RAS

• The Zoological Record

title: Journal of Biogeography


text:
User talk:Wlyles24

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title: User talk:Wlyles24


text: User talk:82.70.111.236

title: User talk:82.70.111.236


text:
File:En psionics hndbk v35 cover.jpg

Summary

 * Description: This is a flatbed scan of the book cover for the Dungeons & Dragons Enhanced Psionics Handbook version 3.5. It was reduced in size 80% to meet the fair use requirement, and a drop shadow was added using Paint Shop Pro.
 * Size: 258 × 340 pixels.

Original uploader information
14:46, 14 October 2005

title: File:En psionics hndbk v35 cover.jpg


text: User talk:82.68.147.102

title: User talk:82.68.147.102


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Broken News

Broken News is a comedy programme shown on BBC Two in late 2005. The show poked fun at the world of 24-hour rolling news channels. The title of the show is a play on the phrase "breaking news". It had six thirty-minute episodes. Having previously worked on programmes such as People Like Us and The Sunday Format, the show's production team worked closely with writer and director John Morton.

The show jump cut between its various spoof TV channels, which covered both the central story and other stories that would be of interest to their audience. A large part of the comedy came from observations about the nature of news presentation rather than the stories themselves.

The programme centred on Britain's addiction to 24-hour news channels. Each week, Broken News looked at a fictitious news story such as "Tomato Flu" or "The End of the Rain". Its massive cast of 145 actors played newsreaders and reporters on different networks.

It was released on DVD Region 2 on 12 June 2006.

The featured networks
The programme featured mainly the following fictitious networks:

 * Aronovitz Business News. This business and financial news station featured onscreen graphics similar in style to Bloomberg Television. Most of the screen is taken up by graphs and stock-tickers (showing prices of nonexistent stocks such as "Unicorn hooves") with only a small window where Gary Mills and Mitchell Oatis tend to argue with rather 'colourful' similes ("Well, Marks and Spencer are leading investors up the garden path yet again. Why do we have to say 'Yes, we love the underwear and the food'? Why not merge them to make edible underwear?") . Some of the smaller graphics transition by spinning around on a regular basis, and sometimes the studio window spins, as an extra joke.
 * ESN News is an example of style over content where news is forever coming up but never arrives ("Still to come, a round-up of the reminders of the news still to come."). Largely based on the ITV News Channel and Sky News, with a rolling news ticker, two newscasters (Katie Tate and Richard Pritchard) at a desk at the front of the studio. Melanie Bellamy delivers the "standing news" to a large screen at the back of the studio, displaying slightly nauseating floating graphics. The station has a reporter embedded with the crew of the International Space Station, Nick Burnham, who is inevitably miles away from the news. He therefore exaggerates all stories to make the situation seem as dire as possible ("We have been informed that up a third of our supplies contain Tomatoids, and we've already eaten half!"). The first and last names of the channels' reporters sound almost alike, such as Nicholas Nicklaus, Amanda Panda and Alison Ellison, a running gag on the channel. The station also reads out ill-informed text messages sent in by viewers ("Everyone keeps passing the buck for this problem – I blame society", "I'm not a Nazi sympathiser, but why don't we ever sympathise with them?") and performs phone polls ("Are children all criminals? Yes: 104%, No: 103%).
 * Film and Movie News features interviews with all the star names in the movie industry, similar in style to Jonathan Ross hosted Film programme. Joe Reed is the resident presenter and film critic (and part-time lecturer in Film Studies at the University of Bournemouth), who flatters film stars during interviews – and then berates their performances in reviews ("I thought I was going to vomit so hard, my liquified kidneys would be forced out of my nose" and "If you see this train-wreck of a movie, you will feel the overwhelming desire to rip out your eyes and force them up into your ears, just so you can't see or hear this film.").
 * GO Sports 1 is a sports news channel in the style of Sky Sports News, featuring bizarre stats on the right hand side of the screen such as which Premiership club owns the most Dido CDs and who are the top football lovers this season. The main anchors are Kevin Peters and Natalie Gosling, with Guy Baston as reporter ("Manchester United have denied that starting other Manchester Uniteds in China, Japan, Australia, the US, Scotland, Wales and London would make the club any less unique or be in the least bit confusing"). The channel also runs several other channels (GO Sports 1 2 to GO Sports 1 5) which show non-stop match buildup, post match analysis, repeats and multiangle interactive repeats of all the big matches.
 * IBS News is an American news channel that appears to be a parody of FOX News. The station's newsreaders, Anthony Markowitz (Colin Stinton) and Julia Regan (Claudia Christian), give long pieces of opinion after every topic, often using the phrases 'I'm no expert' or 'I don't pretend to know much about this, but...'. Anthony tends to give colloquial, ill-informed opinion ("When you flush the toilet on an aeroplane, do you ever think about where it goes? I sure don't!"), while Julia gives incredibly political commentary on the outcome ("Imagine the effect this will have on the already strict aviation guidelines in force"). They then inevitably link the story, however tenuously, to the weather report ("No more frozen urine falling from the sky, but expect rain over North Carolina"). It also covers the "Vincenti Trial", a parody of the Michael Jackson and O. J. Simpson trials, where the main defendant is accused of murdering his wife who was having affairs with three different women in three hotels in three states simultaneously while technically dead ("Of course whether or not this is even possible has to be considered a legal nicety").
 * Look Out East is a mish-mash of regional UK news programmes (the name is a parody of BBC Look East). They lead with banal stories ("Man has teeth stolen!") and feature banter between the urbane hosts, Phil Curdridge and Sarah Holt, and the mild-mannered weather presenter, Russ. Invariably the conversation veers off and ends up discussing some smutty topic ("The closest was the time we visited a Portuguese nudist beach! That's the time my daughter was conceived, I think..."), with a subtext that is usually at the expense of Russ.  All these end with "Let's not go there" or "Honestly, boys...".
 * PVS News, the earnest, no-frills network. The set, presentation, and on screen graphics mirror that of BBC News 24. The main anchors are Adam Lockwood and Frances Walsh (Clare Wille) (reportedly born within minutes of each other and have been indistinguishable ever since) whose running gag is to complete each other's words and sentences. The station features live links to various locations, with international correspondent Will Parker (Benedict Cumberbatch). The station uses poor quality live satellite links to locations where events have not occurred yet ("Donald Rumsfeld is very much his own man, and people here are talking about what he will not say as much as what he will say when he does turn up. He will probably not say what we expect him to say, because that's not his style") and covers unimportant stories too, just to fill up the time ("Due to a debate between TV producers and librarians, news channels cannot shoot new footage of libraries. These library pictures were shot months ago.") The field reporters often ask the main anchors "What more can you tell us" –  a complete role reversal.
 * SO News claims to supply everything you ever wanted to know about the world of celebrity, similar in style to BBC Three's now defunct Liquid News. Presented by Claudia van Sant (Lucy Porter) and Colin Kay, the channel leads with vapid gossip on various celebrities, with an incredibly camp American reporter live in Los Angeles, Josh Cashman (Phil Nichol), who begins all reports with 'Pur-leasee!' ("I mean, can you imagine if Robin Williams turned up naked to his next premiere?").  Cashman is presumably based on Cash Peters, who does a similar style broadcast on BBC Radio Five Live.

Other smaller networks include:

 * 15 Second News, based on BBC Three's 60 Seconds news bulletins. In order to make the news "manageable", important stories are broken into three-word headlines ("In national news a car is found in a tree in Basingstoke. Israel threatens. In sport, two world records are broken. More later").
 * Traffic Round-up-date, a round-up of the latest traffic conditions (similar to BBC London's reports in the morning). Roads are routinely mis-labeled (or in some cases, made up entirely) ("On the A313131, Fiddler's Elbow, a lorry has overturned, spilling its load of cars. Traffic is slow owing to the extra volume of cars on the road", "Motorists have been warned of some weather in severe parts of the country").
 * World Money Today: A spoof of BBC News 24's World Business Report, with similar graphics and simulcast between several presenters worldwide. The main presenter is Dan Evans, based in a London studio. The other reporters are based in New York, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Berlin, Geneva, Buenos Aires, Johannesburg and Sydney

Occasional separate weather reports are thrown in, with graphic and presentation styles similar to those found on many television channels in the UK. They are often cut together in such a way that the resulting sentences are complete nonsense. The weather reports vary from almost useless ("There's going to be a lot of air tomorrow") to over-useful ("The northern Tajikistan province of Gorno-Badakhshan has experienced no weather for over four months now.") and gives pointless figures similar to the pollen, pollution and sun indices used by BBC and ITV weather stations ("There is a warning of high altitude for people living on mountains in the Pennines and Yorkshire Dales").

Episodes

 * 1) Tomato Flu An outbreak of tomato flu is in the headlines. This alarming new super-virus (a parody of avian influenza) can be traced back to a turkey farm in Turkey. The news networks advise on the best way to avoid tomatoids in food such as tomato ketchup. In other news: a man is injured by a frozen block of urine.
 * 2) Missing Island A report that an island has gone missing in the Barents Sea triggers paranoia about rising sea levels in Lincolnshire and the end of the world as we know it. In other news: teenagers' attention spans are now as low as eleven seconds.
 * 3) Half Way There Day Reports on commemorations around the country to mark the day Britain reached the half-way point in the last World War. In other news: The MADI music awards are here again, without last year's controversy.
 * 4) Crime The publication of a Home Office report which reveals that the majority of teenagers are now criminals leads to a series of news stories from the country's worst-hit areas. A picture of Britain in which the teenage population "now effectively feral, roam Britain's urban landscapes in packs of up to fifteen at a single time." In other news: East Anglia could be gone within a decade.
 * 5) Bolivian Crisis Reaction comes from around the world to rumours that Bolivia might have acquired nuclear weapons. Including a report from the White House: This is a bad day for the good guys, President Bush. In other news: A cross-eyed man kills a horse while trying to shoot himself.
 * 6) Hijack Media frenzy is quick to follow after reports emerge of an apparent hijack of an American passenger flight bound for Amsterdam. This live breaking story dominates the running orders of the world's news networks. In other news: An injunction has been served on Josh Cashman.

Reception
Some have accused the show of being too close in style, presentation, writing and humour to the groundbreaking news satire The Day Today, first broadcast in 1994. Broken News has been attacked as "The Day Today for idiots. A show with nothing to say, full of...sub-Chris Morris newspeak and malapropism-humour shorn of all originality. The Day Today had a reason to exist – this didn't." However, co-creator John Morton said in The Guardian "I hope after the first 10 minutes of our show you realise that it's a different animal from The Day Today. The target has changed because we've got this Tower of Babel of news. Plus we're sillier and more harmless."

title: Broken News


text:
Talk:Glossary of magic (illusion)

Untitled
Hey...does this really belong at Wikipedia? Wikipedia is not a dictionary. This looks like a jargon file or fancruft to me.-- Krash 14:48, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It's OK cos Phillip0 told me to set it up. He's one of the mods or something who does all the RC patrols and things like that, and it's all been approved and officially linked into Project Magic. --MagicValentina 15:02, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Ignoratio elenchi. -- Krash 15:14, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I didn't say it had been approved and officially linked into Project Magic - I can't do that :-). I simply made a suggestion about creating the article if MagicValentina wanted to add this info to Wikipedia. I think there is much more questionable articles on Wikipedia like inane lists such as List of English songs whose title includes nonsense-words. --PhilipO 16:19, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * What I find questionable is that this is not a list exclusively of subjects, but rather an attempt to be a list of vague definitions. Some of the items on this list are worthy of their own articles (and a few, I've noticed, already do have them).  Other entries, though, are confusing, obscure, dubious, crufty.  There is no way this list could ever be complete or comprehensive.  As such, it's worthless to anyone attempting serious research.  Do we include magic tricks?  Magicians?  Both already have their own lists.  I'm not opposed to a list of independent articles, but I am very against lists that exists just for the purpose of making another list of something for its own sake. I'm assuming good faith here, but I feel that the perpetrator of this list is diving into something that is unmaintainable. -- Krash 16:49, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * This definitely isn't just a list for its own sake. I don't know if you are a magician or into magic, and in a sense it doesn't matter, but if you are, you will know that magicians deliberately use a very cryptic language, especially on the internet. This is done in order to stop people understanding what they are saying. However, if one is learning magic or researching magic then one has a need to understand these terms. It's exactly the type of information that someone looking up entries on an encyclopedia is likely to need because her research may take her further into the articles where these terms are used to describe the efects. Or indeed she may be lead to another website where the terms are used. Since the terms are not in any dictionary she'll be frustrated in her research, but for the resource of Wikipedia.

 * So for someone researching the life and work of Dai Vernon for example might read that he exposed a clumsy "French Drop" in his Cups and Balls routine or that he was the first to use a certain kind of "Pass" then I'd argue that such a resource is very useful. Much more useful than a list of songs whose title includes nonsense words could ever be to anyone. Yes, Wikipedia is not a dictionary but there are certain subjects where some ancillary information is necessary to aid research, and I think we have a duty to provide that information to aid that research especially as it is not easily available elsewhwere. In a subject like conjuring this is a very special case, because as I pointed out above, such information is deliberately hidden on many occasions.--MagicValentina 17:28, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

I didn't list this article for deletion
...because it does have potential. There's not one thing that needs fixing...it's a bunch of silly small stuff. The format's bad. And there should be some discrimination. Maybe I should just shut up and start editing...

But let's set up some criteria we can all agree upon:
 * BIGGEST ONE: Omit anything that you cannot cite from somewhere else. Hanging out with magicians in a magic shop doesn't count.  (I only know what I know, but Mechanic and Manipulator are two that I've not heard before.)
 * Omit tricks and magicians. They have their own lists.  (get rid of Ambitious Card Routine, OOTW, SAS, Svengali/Svengali deck, etc)
 * Omit books. (Bobo's) There are too many to be comprehensive.  Not necessarily an invitation to start List of books about conjuring ;-)
 * Group like-items together. The list is starting to run long and is, thus, confusing.  Perhaps: Props, Moves, Jargon...help me think of some more.  Moves could be broken further into Coin manipulations, Flourishes, Shuffles, Slight of hand...
 * Link to articles when applicable. Link to articles that don't exist yet, but should (French drop).
 * Abbreviations listed in parenthesis after the entry (eg. DL becomes Double Lift (DL))
 * Omit things that might be confusing to laypeople, even after a lengthy description (eg. Centre tear, Key ring). Merge into appropriate article.
 * Don't be too specific when a broader description would be better. (eg. Loaded can be used to describe a die, but could also describe a deck of cards...)
 * Combine double entries (eg. R/S & Rough)
 * Combine things that are too alike under most common title (eg. Locator and Key under Key; Daub under Magician's wax)
 * Omit things that are too crufty. (eg. Bikes) This is where things might get disputed. No colloquial jargon. See the first point on this list.

Oh...and I though Penn and Teller 'invented' Invisible Thread and it doesn't really exist? And I thought Muggle was something out of HP?

Also, see if you can't get your hands on Henry Hay's Cyclopedia of Magic. Used; it's OOP. -- Krash 18:12, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

...The list was originally written on my magic board to help other people navigate their way through the other magic websites where all the terms are used. That's why there are some slightly odd ones in there but I guarantee that these are the terms being commonly used around magicdom by real lie pros and skilled amateurs in books, on the net and in conversation. I know because I read the books and I visit the websites. One of the admins linked it into the magic box which is part of the template for project magic so it presumably has some recognition as a worthwhile page even though I agree it's not in the classic style or the style other articles on effects I'm writing here.

Eg http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=en&q=magic+manipulator&btnG=Google+Search&meta= Although a mechanic is also used to mean a skilled sleight of hand card cheat - see wiki entry on cheating at poker
 * Mechanic and Manipulator are actual terms I promise you.

 * No Magicians included. Some effects could be omitted but I don't think they should before there is a n entry in place for that effect. Also some effects useful for explaining gimmick or princple eg Zombie.

 * Only two books included and these really are THE big ones. If you do magic you'll know; they're being discussed endlessly all over the net. Perhaps I could update the card and coin sections on wiki to make sure the meaning of these two book titles are clear, but those sections aren't very well linked in to magic and it's nice to have everything in one place.

 * Possibly can group items, but if some entries were ditched or combined the list would be a little more manageable and since it's in ABC order, not that bad to search. We could even go back to traditional paragraph and esaay style to expalin all this, but I don't think that would be appropriate for this task. I don't see many more items that need to be added to this list. I know it sounds a bit presumptious but I do know this subject pretty well, and going into any more detail on certain things would be getting just too technical for somebody using as a reference.

 * Links are cool and I should have put them in

 * Agree on abbreviations strategy/notation suggested

 * I can't really judge what would be confusing to laypeople after a short description but some description is better than none at all, surely. Why leave them completely in the dark. Also the idea of a key ring as one with a split in it would be fairly easy to grasp?

 * I've never ever heard loaded apply to a deck of cards. The correct term would be "stacked"

 * Agree on combining things under common titles.

 * Agree on combining double entries.

eg http://66.249.93.104/search?q=cache:9Ul6u_Xcz4IJ:www.penguinmagic.com/product.php%3FID%3D561+magic+bikes&hl=en
 * What is crufty and what is not. Would "silk" be crufty. To a layman it is a material, to a magician it is a handkerchief. Surely people reading magic articles have a right to know without it being explained in the text every time. As for Bikes that could be debatable. But I promise you it's being used all over the place

Don't believe what Penn and Teller may have put around about IT. They are out to confuse, hopefully this article is going to make people's life easier. Isn't that what Wiki is about ;-)

 * Muggle is from JK Rowling and has come into some usage in the conjuring world, but I agree it could be ommitted.

I appreciate your input on these things but before we get into major edits, maybe we could ask the opinion of Mgm who is the project magic coordinator what the general style should be --MagicValentina 23:19, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Can you elaborate on entries: Angles, Black Art, ROV, Sphinx Principle...they're awkward or otherwise confusing.
 * You are expressing POV when you say what books are the "THE big ones". If you can cite this back to someone saying it, then it's not POV.  But then I can cite six other magicians who have their respective twelve other "big" books.  And then the list has just too much crap on it.  That's why I suggested leaving books off.
 * "Silk" is not crufty.  What I mean by cruft could be one of two things:
 * Terms so unique/specific/made-up/colloquial/regional/etc. that they are useless slang and aren't worthy to be mentioned. This shouldn't be the vocabulary list for an internet message board or a magicians' convention.  Entries should be mainstream enough that they belong in an encyclopedia.  Entries should perhaps be listed in a glossary or index in some print book.  Verifiability.  No neologisms.
 * Terms that, outside of the context of the trick/article they're used in, are meaningless or obscure (eg. key ring...put the definition in with Chinese linking rings and leave it at that.)
 * Here's my last gripe: It's not encyclopedic to send people to some glossary when they don't understand a word. Wikilinks take care of that--they send the reader to another article.  If a term isn't important enough to merit its own article, it should perhaps have a Wiktionary entry.  If it's too crufty for that, perhaps the definition should be an adjective clause following the occurrence (eg. "...next the magician takes a silk, or handkerchief, and rubs it with...").  Ideally, every item on this list should link or reference at least one article.
 * I'm not going to appeal to anyone's authority. I shall edit as I see fit.  Coordinator or not (s)he has no power over me.  We're collaborating here.  Be bold.  Let's get this list up to Featured Article status! --  Krash 01:13, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

'The article about ITR reels should be deleted because it publicly exposes a very comonly used gimmic and by including it you are exposing a secret that should only be known to professional magicians sincerely, Magic French Fry'

Removed entries

 * Ambitious Card Routine (ACR) - Card effect where a chosen card keeps on returning to the top of the pack.
 * Bobo's - Bobo's modern coin magic. 20th C Book reckoned to be one of the most comprehensive on coin magic.
 * Classic force - Making a spectator choose a card by fanning them and timing the force card to land under their fingers.
 * Classic palm - Holding an object in the centre of the palm, gripped by the palm muscles lightly. (eg. a coin) (''redundant with their non-classic counterparts?)
 * Effect - A magical happening. The proper word for a trick. Beginners do tricks. Magicians perform effects. Note the word perform. (POV?)
 * Invisible deck (brainwave deck) - Gimmicked roughed deck enabling the deck to be fanned and any card to be shown face up/face down.
 * Key Ring - Ring with a split in it as used in the linking rings efect.
 * OOTW - Out of this World. A popular self working card effect with a stunning finish.
 * RRTCM - Royal Road to Card Magic. 20th C book by Jean Hugard often cited as the best text for beginning card magic.
 * SAS - Scotch and Soda. Modern effect where a Centavo gimmick is magnetically locked in a shell dollar causing the disappearence of the Centavo.
 * Zig Zag - Popular stage illusion where a girl contorts herself in a cabinet giving the illusion she has actually been cut into seperate pieces.

Slicks and Bikes sound like neologisms.

 * To Quote: "I shall edit as I see fit. Coordinator or not (s)he has no power over me. We're collaborating..." Yes but to collaborate, we need to agree to an extent, otherwise we'll just get into an edit war which will be silly. I can cope with removing the effects and the books, but I do object to the removal of classic force and classic palm. It's not my POV that they are "classic". These are the recognised terms for these particular techniques as I described them. So can we have those back in please or otherwise modified so they are suitable to go in. Also the word "effect" is important. The last 3 sentences can be left out.

 * Angles, Black Art, ROV, Sphinx Principle... Maybe I will edit these entries so they are a little clearer. Hope that will be OK

You may have noticed I'm adding to the list of tricks (effects). I may need to use some or all of these terms --MagicValentina 01:36, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

I believe Bobo and RRTCM should be in there. My reasoning is not that they are the big 2 (though they are) it is that in several magic books or in packet tricks you we see things like "use riffle pass as can be found in RRTCM" or "See Bobo for a full description of the classic palm". On a list medical terms AMD (the American Medical Dictionary) would appear. Schnizzle 15:12, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

The prestige, turn, pledge...
I know these aren't "true" magic tricks; but the three act structure of a magic illusion has become so popular (invented by Christopher Priest; though he may have just invented the "prestige" part) that a lot of magicians even use the terms. So it's pretty much become a real term -- this is how words are made. You don't leave "french fries" out of the dictionary, and ESPECIALLY not out of an encyclopedia, just because fries aren't made by the French. This is how all terms/words start; a lot of times, they originate from an unexpected source.

The three act structure should be included in this article.

Another example would be the three act structure of a screenplay (in motion pictures). The ideas were probably coined by someone who noticed that screenplays tend to have a beginning, middle, and end -- this is the same situation with Priest -- he noticed magic tricks (not always) often times have this three act structure.

Besides; the term/structure/acts have become so popular, you should include them in Wikipedia BECAUSE of that. Notability. 207.12.38.25 23:18, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I'd like someone to back up that the term "prestige" has "become so popular"......I've read thousands of magic-related articles and I've never seen this three phrase business until I saw that movie (not a bad movie.....but it takes some serious artistic license). Buddpaul (talk) 19:56, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

Chop Cup
Should this be moved to tricks? It's actually a prop, not really a term. Buddpaul (talk) 13:58, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

 * So.......so long, Chop Cup. Buddpaul (talk) 19:49, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

 * and for what it's worth.......the description was gross exposure. Buddpaul (talk) 19:53, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

Cruft
I still say this list is a little crufty. Buddpaul (talk) 19:51, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Glossary of magic (illusion)


text: User talk:82.0.142.47

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Fearsome Five

The Fearsome Five is a group of supervillains from DC Comics who serve as enemies of the Teen Titans and Justice League.

Publication history
They were created by George Pérez and Marv Wolfman and first appeared in The New Teen Titans #3 (January 1981), going on to become recurring adversaries for the superhero group. Though deadly, they lack sophistication as criminal planners, a cohesive focus or loyalty, and are prone to in-fighting, backstabbing, and disbandment.

Fictional team history
The Fearsome Five were founded by the criminal Doctor Light, through an ad he placed in the Underworld Star, a criminal underground newsletter. Light formed the group to attack the Teen Titans, but Psimon, who was under the influence of the demon from whom he had received his superhuman abilities called Trigon, usurped Light’s role as leader, and the two would continue to struggle for some time over it.

After Psimon's was banished by Trigon to another dimension for his failure to destroy the Earth, the other members of the Five attacked the Titans at their newly unveiled headquarters, Titans Tower, in The New Teen Titans #7 (May 1981), using Silas Stone, the father of the superhero Teen Titan, Cyborg, and the Titans’ dimensional transmitter to return the apparently alive Psimon back to them. The Five were again defeated. Psimon later allied himself with the immortal dimensional traveler known as the Monitor during the seminal 1985 event known as Crisis on Infinite Earths. Feeling betrayed, the rest of the Five turned on Psimon and apparently murdered him.

In The New Teen Titans #37 (December 1983) and Batman and the Outsiders #5 (December 1983), the Five turned on Light, expelling him from the group and trying to kill him, but Light escaped, and Psimon again became leader, though the Five were again defeated, this time by the Titans, Batman, and the Outsiders. The Five later invaded S.T.A.R. Labs in Tales of the Teen Titans #56-58 (August–October 1985), freeing Jinx and Neutron, who had been imprisoned there, and taking them into their ranks, but were defeated again by the Titans, and unsuccessfully fought Superman in The Adventures of Superman #430 (July 1987), this time with new members Charger and Deuce, but were dispatched by him as well.

The team disbanded shortly after Deuce and Charger’s first missions with the Five, with Mammoth and Shimmer deciding to renounce their life of crime and finding peace in a Tibetan monastery. Psimon returned from outer space, quite alive, and systematically sought revenge on his former teammates, Gizmo, Crocodile-Boy, Mammoth and Shimmer. Mammoth barely survived a spear rammed through his head by Psimon, but Shimmer was turned into glass and then shattered by the telepath, and seemingly perished. Psimon shrunk Gizmo down to subatomic size, but the diminutive tinkerer found a way to return to normal size; he was later incarcerated,along with Mammoth,Crocodile-Boy and Jinx, at the metahuman prison on Alcatraz. Psimon himself was incarcerated at another such prison called the Slab, but later escaped when it was destroyed in Outsiders (vol. 3) #6 (January 2004).

Soon after, in a storyline in Outsiders (vol. 3) #13 -15 (August–October 2004), frequent Captain Marvel archenemy Doctor Sivana gathered Psimon, freed Mammoth,Gizmo and Jinx from prison, and was able to successfully restore Shimmer’s shattered form, returning her to life, and put the team to work for him in a scheme to short sell Lexcorp stock by having them steal its accounts from its corporate building in Metropolis, and then driving down the stock by killing all the people in the building, and destroying two other Lexcorp properties. At the latter of the two, a microchip processor factory of Lexcorp's subsidiary, Kellacor, the Five were confronted by the Outsiders. After escaping, the criminally unsophisticated Five urged Sivana to take Lexcorp's nuclear missile facility near Joshua Tree, California. When Sivana refused, Psimon asserted that they would take it anyway, and in response, Sivana killed Gizmo with a laser blast to the head, and severed relations with the remaining four, warning them that he would kill them if they ever crossed his path again. Sivana used the money he made from the scheme to purchase a tropical island off the coast of Thailand to use as his lair, but the Five were defeated in their plan to take the facility and fire a nuclear missile at Canada. Mammoth was returned to the metahuman prison on Alcatraz Island, but the other three remain at large.

Sivana sarcastically suggested after killing Gizmo that the team rename themselves to the Fearsome Four. The Fearsome Five next turn up in Villains United #5 (November 2005), wherein they are working for the Secret Society of Super Villains. This time around, they are led by Psimon, and the only three other members of the roster are Mammoth, Shimmer, and Jinx.

One Year Later, Doctor Light, Dr. Sivana, Psimon, Neutron, Mammoth, Shimmer and Jinx are seen on the prison planet in Salvation Run. In #2, Psimon is interrupted by the Joker, who apparently murders him by breaking the dome which houses his brain and smashing it with a rock, repeatedly. In the final issue of the miniseries, Neutron is used by Lex Luthor as a power source for a teleportation device, and is seemingly killed when it self-destructs.

A new Fearsome Five surfaced following the Final Crisis, formed by the Calculator, the members shown so far are Mammoth, Crocodile-Boy, Shimmer, Jinx, and new members Nano and Rumble. Nano and Rumble were two inmates of Alcatraz that Shimmer recruited to the team, Nano having been put into jail after battling Cyborg.

The New 52
In The New 52 reboot of DC's continuity, the "Forever Evil" storyline introduces the Fearsome Five (consisting of Gizmo, Jinx, Mammoth, Psimon and Shimmer) when they are recruited by the Crime Syndicate of America to join the Secret Society of Super Villains.

In Justice League (vol. 2) #29, The Fearsome Five were sent among Doctor Psycho and Hector Hammond to fight against Cyborg and the Metal Men. They are easily defeated by The Metal Men because the Metal Men are not vulnerable to mental attacks.

First Fearsome Five

 * Doctor Light - Founding member. He fled following a struggle to be the leader of the group.
 * Gizmo
 * Shimmer
 * Mammoth (Baran Flinders)
 * Psimon
 * Jinx
 * Neutron (Nat Tryon)

Second Fearsome Five

 * Mammoth
 * Gizmo
 * Shimmer
 * Deuce and Charger

Third Fearsome Five

 * Doctor Sivana (Thaddeus Bodog Sivana) - Leader
 * Gizmo
 * Mammoth
 * Psimon
 * Sabbac
 * Shimmer
 * Jinx

Fourth Fearsome Five

 * The Calculator (Noah Kuttler) - Leader, formed this new version.
 * Jinx
 * Mammoth
 * Nano (Virgil Adams) - A scientist who created the nano-suit worn by him. His only weakness so far is the use of a killcode in his indestructible, incorruptible suit: Josephine, the name of his pet bird, which is the only love he has left in the world after making the suit.
 * Rumble (John Doe) - A guy in a power suit that gives him the powers of super-strength and sonic blasts.
 * Shimmer

Fifth Fearsome Five (The New 52)

 * Psimon
 * Jinx
 * Mammoth
 * Gizmo
 * Shimmer

Television

 * A variation of the Fearsome Five called the H.I.V.E. Five appear in Teen Titans, initially consisting of former H.I.V.E. Academy students Gizmo, Jinx, Mammoth, See-More, and Private H.I.V.E. After Private H.I.V.E. leaves the group off-screen, Billy Numerous and Kyd Wykkyd take his place, though the group still refer to themselves as the H.I.V.E. Five. Following an encounter with Kid Flash and the H.I.V.E. Five joining the Brotherhood of Evil, Jinx leaves the group to help the Teen Titans defeat the Brotherhood and her former teammates.
 * The H.I.V.E. Five appears in Teen Titans Go! (2013), consisting of Jinx, Gizmo, Mammoth, See-More, and Billy Numerous.

Video games
The Fearsome Five appears in DC Universe Online, consisting of Doctor Light, Mammoth, Gizmo, Jinx, and Psimon.

Miscellaneous
The Fearsome Five appear in Teen Titans Go! (2004), consisting of Psimon, Doctor Light, Gizmo, Mammoth, and Jinx, the last of whom is working undercover to undermine the group on the Teen Titans' behalf.

Allusions outside DC Comics
An unrelated Fearsome Five appear in the Darkwing Duck two-part episode "Just Us Justice Ducks", consisting of the titular hero's enemies Negaduck, Megavolt, Quackerjack, Bushroot, and the Liquidator.

title: Fearsome Five


text:
La Caixa

La Caixa, also known as the "La Caixa" Foundation (Fundación ”la Caixa”), is a not-for-profit banking foundation based in Spain, with its headquarters in Palma de Mallorca since October 2017.

Originally a savings bank (caja), it reorganized in the 2000s and 2010s: Its commercial assets are managed under its subsidiary CriteriaCaixa, which also has partial ownership of La Caixa's old banking business CaixaBank; those are used to fund La Caixa's Obra Social — social, cultural, scientific, and civic projects for the public good.

History
The foundation commonly dates itself to the 1990 creation of the Caixa d'Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona (Caja de Ahorros y Pensiones de Barcelona, "La Caixa") as a merger of the Caja de Ahorros y Monte de Piedad de Barcelona founded in 1844 and commonly known as Caja de Barcelona, founded in 1844, with the Caja de Pensiones para la Vejez y de Ahorros de Cataluña y Baleares, founded in 1904 and commonly known as the "Caja de Pensiones" and later "La Caixa".

Caja de Barcelona
At the time of the 1990 merger, the Caja de Barcelona was the third largest savings bank in Spain.

Caja de Pensiones
The Caja de Pensiones para la Vejez (Old Age Pension Society) was formed in 1904 in Catalonia by Francesc Moragas, and opened to the public in 1905, expanding to the Balearic Islands in 1915. It merged with the Caja de Ahorros del Empordà in 1915, taking on the name "Caja de Pensiones para la Vejez y Ahorros".

The Obra Social was formally created in 1918 to oversee the Caja's social work.

By 1930, the Caja had been reformed 15 times by mergers with other organizations; the first outside of Catalonia was the Caja Rural para la Federación Católico-Agraria de Ibiza in 1930.

In 1969, the Caja de Pensiones became the first in Europe to begin real-time computerized tele-processing of transactions, allowing customers to do banking at any branch at will.

In the late 1980s, the Caja de Pensiones, by then known commonly known as "La Caixa", began work to expand outside of its usual territory: In 1986 it formed GrupCaixa to get around then-restrictive geographic limitations in the law; GrupCaixa was folded back into La Caixa in 1989 when the limitations were removed.

By the time of the 1990 merger, La Caixa was already the largest savings bank in Spain.

1990 organization
1990, the Caja de Barcelona, and La Caixa, also formerly called the Caja de Pensiones, merged to form the Caja de Ahorros y Pensiones de Barcelona, which itself continued the name "La Caixa".

In 1995, La Caixa opened the first international representative offices in Porto, Portugal and Brussels, Belgium.

In January 2008, La Caixa bought part of Morgan Stanley's private banking business in Spain for almost 600 million euros and in 2010, the group acquired Caixa Girona, being one of the three savings bank integration operations that did not require assistance from the FROB (Fund for the orderly restructuring of the banking sector).

On 29 January 2008, Criteria CaixaCorp was included in IBEX 35. In addition, La Caixa acquired 14.91% of Bank of East Asia's capital.

It has a portfolio of industrial holdings in companies in the infrastructure, energy and communications sectors, among others.

Segregation of the banking business at CaixaBank and restructuring of the group
On 27 January 2011, within the context of the restructuring of the financial system in Spain, the board of directors of La Caixa unveiled a complete reorganization of the group. The savings bank would transfer its banking business entirely (office network, client portfolio, assets, bank capital,...) to a subsidiary in which the majority of shares are held by the same savings bank (74%), which adopted the name of CaixaBank, and was formerly known as Criteria CaixaCorp.

In this way La Caixa ceased to conduct retail banking business, and its only activity was limited to the maintenance of La Caixa Social Work Project. Although the savings bank no longer operates financially, CaixaBank decided, in its offices and in the commercial relationship with its customers, to use the commercial pseudonym of La Caixa, leaving the brand "CaixaBank" solely for institutional use.

At the same time, in July 2011, another subsidiary of the group was created, in this case 100% owned by La Caixa, called Criteria CaixaHolding, which would not list on the stock exchange and would bring together the less attractive stocks such as real estate services (Servihabitat) and industrial holdings (Gas Natural Fenosa, Abertis...) and PortAventura World.

CaixaBank which is publicly traded, remained at the helm of the banking business, the insurer (SegurCaixa) and the more financially attractive shares in foreign banks and in Telefónica and Repsol.

In September 2011, CaixaBank acquired Bankpyme's banking and fund management business.

In March 2012, the group announced an agreement whereby it acquired for 979 million euros and subsequently integrated within CaixaBank the SIP (Institutional Protection Scheme) formed by Cajasol (including Caja de Guadalajara), Caja Navarra, CajaCanarias and Caja de Burgos, commercially known until then as Banca Cívica (Civic Bank). The "Civic Bank" brand was discarded and the SIP was liquidated, transferring its clients, offices and assets to CaixaBank. However, due to its cultural roots, the entity decided to maintain the savings banks' logos that gave rise to the integration in its offices and communications in the offices, combining them with that of the Catalan bank, but only in the territories of influence of each entity.

On 12 June 2013 the General Shareholders' Meeting of Banco de Valencia approved its integration into CaixaBank. It was agreed to maintain the Banco de Valencia brand in the offices held by the bank in the provinces of Valencia and Castellón with a dual label to indicate that they also belong to CaixaBank.

On 19 July 2013 the merger deed of Banco de Valencia and CaixaBank was registered in the commercial register, and the integration of Banco de Valencia into CaixaBank became fully effective.

After the absorption of Banco de Valencia by CaixaBank, both the offices of La Caixa and those of Banco de Valencia in the Region of Murcia regained the name of “Banco de Murcia", next to the star denoting La Caixa.

Transformation into a banking foundation
On 10 April 2014 it was announced that its transformation into a banking foundation would be decided at the ordinary general meeting on May 22 to comply with the Savings Banks and Banking Foundations Law, which requires savings banks with indirect banking activity to be liquidated and transformed into foundations, responsible for managing social work projects. This would lead to a process of reorganization within the group, which would involve, on the one hand, the dissolution and liquidation of the La Caixa Foundation and, on the other hand, the transfer to Criteria CaixaHolding (100% of La Caixa) of the participation in CaixaBank.

On 22 May 2014, the general assembly of La Caixa approved its transformation into a banking foundation.

The foundation was established on 17 June 2014. As a result, on the one hand, the dissolution and liquidation of the La Caixa Foundation would occur, with the overall transfer of its assets and liabilities in favour of the La Caixa Banking Foundation, and, on the other hand, the transfer in favour of Criteria CaixaHolding of the participation of the Caixa at CaixaBank, so that the banking foundation would go on to hold its stake in CaixaBank through Criteria CaixaHolding, and the debt instruments of which La Caixa was the issuer. In this way, the group led by the new La Caixa Banking Foundation would have as main activities: the management of the entire Social Work, those of a financial nature related to the management of its participation in CaixaBank, the administration of the debt instruments that have La Caixa as an issuer, and the management of investments in industries other than finance grouped so far in Criteria CaixaHolding. The liquidation of the La Caixa Foundation took place on 16 October 2014 while the transfer of the stake in CaixaBank took place on 14 October 2014.

On 26 June 2014, the president of CaixaBank and until then president of the savings bank, Isidro Fainé, was elected president of the Board of Trustees of the La Caixa Banking Foundation.

Participation
The La Caixa Banking Foundation manages the Group's shareholdings through Criteria Caixa (formerly Criteria CaixaHolding), an equity instrumental company fully controlled by the foundation. The shares of Criteria Caixa include the ones owned in CaixaBank (as of 31 December 2018: 40.00%), as well as those held in several companies including Cellnex, Naturgy, Saba, Suez and Telefónica.

Social work
As explained above, since September 2014, La Caixa Banking Foundation is responsible for managing the social work projects of the former savings bank. Until then, this work was carried out by the La Caixa Foundation.

In 2018, the La Caixa Banking Foundation had an allocated budget of 520 million euros. The foundation, one of the most significant worldwide, supported more than 11 million people in 2017, through nearly 50,000 initiatives. According to the OECD, La Caixa Banking Foundation's financing for 2019 development increased by 58% to US$33.9 million.

Merger with Bankia (including the former CajaMadrid)
On September 3, 2020, it was announced that CaixaBank and Bankia were studying their merger to create the largest bank in Spain. The Spanish State would go from owning 61.8% of Bankia to 14% of the merged entity, whose main shareholder would be the "la Caixa" Foundation, which would have around 30%.

The resulting entity would have assets worth more than 650,000 million euros, some 6,600 branches and a workforce of more than 51,000 employees. On March 26, the merger deed was registered in the Mercantile Registry of Valencia, the Bankia shares stopped trading and on March 29, the new CaixaBank shares -that the owners of the now defunct nationalized entity would receive- began to be quoted. Finally, after the operation, the "la Caixa" Foundation (through Criteria Caixa) began to have 30.012% of CaixaBank and the state-owned FROB (through BFA Tenedora de Acciones) 16.117%.

Shareholders
Following the merger by absorption of Bankia by CaixaBank, Criteria Caixa (and, therefore, the "la Caixa" Foundation) came to own 30.012% of the entity. On the other hand, the Spanish State, through the FROB and its company BFA Tenedora de Acciones, became a shareholder in the entity with 16.117%.

As of June 30, 2023, after a capital reduction, both the Government of Spain and the "la Caixa" Foundation increased their participation, remaining as follows:

• "la Caixa" Foundation: 32.2%.

• FROB: 17.3%

• Floating capital: 50.3%

• Treasury stock and Board of Directors: 0.1%

title: La Caixa


text:
Donald Caskie

Donald Currie Caskie, OBE, DD (22 May 1902 – 27 December 1983) was a minister in the Church of Scotland, best known for his work in France during World War II. He was a member of the Pat O'Leary escape line which helped up to 500 Allied sailors, soldiers and airmen to escape from Occupied France (mainly through Spain).

The 'Fasti' – the record of all Church of Scotland ministers since the Reformation – simply mentions that he was "engaged in church and patriotic duties in France, 1939–1945". In his autobiography The Tartan Pimpernel he states that 'he had been called to Paris in 1935.'

Biography
The son of a crofter, he was born in Bowmore on Islay in 1902. He was educated at Bowmore School and then Dunoon Grammar School before studying arts and divinity at the University of Edinburgh. His first charge was at Gretna, before becoming the minister of the Scots Kirk in Paris in 1938. A 2001 Gaelic-language documentary aired on BBC2 stated that Caskie was a homosexual, with the documentarian Angus Peter Campbell saying that Caskie lived life as a man who was "straight at home [and] gay abroad".

Having denounced the evils of Nazism from the pulpit, following the German invasion of France in 1940 Caskie had to flee from Paris. Instead of trying to return home (as strongly advised by staff at the Church of Scotland Offices in Edinburgh) he fled south, eventually ending up in Marseilles on the French south coast (having refused the opportunity of a place on the last ship to Britain leaving Bayonne). At the British Seamen's Mission in Marseilles, Caskie set up a refuge for stranded Britons. He would even send telegrams to the Church of Scotland offices in Edinburgh informing them of the number of British service personnel who had escaped. With the help of Lt-Cmdr Pat O'Leary RN (later awarded the George Cross), British Intelligence, local clergyman Pastor Marcel Heuzé, the American consular authorities and others, Caskie helped as many as 500 Allied service personnel to flee France.

Detention
Caskie came under the suspicion of the Vichy France and German authorities, and a fellow Briton betrayed him. Pastor Heuzé was one of many to be executed. Lack of evidence saved Caskie's life for the first time; instead he received a suspended prison sentence and was ordered to leave Marseilles. This was partly helped by Caskie's ability to speak Gaelic, confounding his interrogators.

Caskie headed for Grenoble, where he was employed by the university, and acted as a chaplain for interned British soldiers and resident civilians. The Germans later ordered that all British-born civilians in the occupied countries be interned in Germany; Caskie managed to influence an Italian commandant to release many of them. Caskie was arrested again and spent some time in Italian custody at Sanremo, held in the old fortress prison. Later in 1943 he was transferred back to German custody and eventually put on trial in Fresnes, and sentenced to death. Awaiting execution by firing squad, Caskie asked to see a pastor. This saved his life; the German army padre Hans Helmut Peters successfully appealed to Berlin to spare Caskie. He then spent the rest of the war in a Prisoner of War camp, resuming his ministry in Paris after the war.

Scots Kirk
The Scots Kirk in Paris had been unused throughout the war, and lack of maintenance led to the church having to be rebuilt during the 1950s. To help pay for the rebuilding, his autobiographical account of his extraordinary wartime activities was published as The Tartan Pimpernel in 1957. The 1950s building proved to have serious defects and had to be again rebuilt in the late 1990s, Caskie's book being again reissued.

Later life
Caskie finally returned to Scotland as minister in Old Gourock Church. In 1967 he became a minister at Wemyss Bay and Skelmorlie on the Firth of Clyde.

He was the subject of This Is Your Life in September 1959 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews in the foyer of the BBC Television Theatre.

He retired to Edinburgh in the early seventies and lived the final year of his life with his younger brother in Greenock. He died in 1983 and is buried at Bowmore on Islay. Various personal artefacts, including his wartime medals, can be seen at Kilarrow Parish Church, Bowmore.

Honours and awards
He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in June 1945 for services to the Forces in France.

He was honoured by the French government for his wartime service. The Alliance France-Ecosse society erected a memorial plaque at the rue de Forbin in Marseille, France.

On 26 October 2019 a memorial plaque marking his work was unveiled at the Fort de la Revere near Nice by the Le Devoir du Memoire organisation, which honours those affected by the war, including Resistance fighters.

In popular culture
In 2018, a play based on Caskie's book was written by Graeme Dallas and John Hughes.

title: Donald Caskie


text:
Matt Capps

Matthew Dicus Capps (born September 3, 1983) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher. He is a 2002 graduate of Alexander High School in Douglasville, Georgia, where he lettered in football, basketball, cross-country and baseball before receiving a scholarship to Louisiana State University. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Washington Nationals and Minnesota Twins.

Early life
Capps was born in Douglasville, Georgia to Mike and Kathy Capps. Capps played high school baseball at Robert S. Alexander High School and signed a letter of intent to play college baseball at Louisiana State.

Pittsburgh Pirates
Capps was drafted by the Pirates in the 7th round of the 2002 Major League Baseball Draft.

2005
Drafted as a starting pitcher, Capps was moved to the bullpen to begin the season. He pitched well in his new role, earning multiple promotions and pitching across three different minor league levels. On September 16, Capps had his contract purchased from Triple A Indianapolis. He debuted later that same day.

2006
Capps made the team out of spring training. He began the season in a middle relief role but ended the season as Pittsburgh's primary set up man behind closers Mike González and Salomón Torres. He pitched in 80.2 innings across 85 games, posting a 9-1 record and a 3.79 ERA with 56 strikeouts. He led all Major League rookie pitchers in appearances.

2007
He began the year as the team's set-up man, but took over the closer's role midway through the season. He finished the season with 21 saves to go along with a 4-7 record and a 2.28 ERA in 79 innings across 76 games.

2008
Capps started the season with 15 consecutive saves. On July 2, he was placed on the disabled list after experiencing arm soreness. He spent nearly two months on the Injured List, finishing the season with 21 saves and a 2-3 record in 49 games.

2009
Capps earned 27 saves while posting a 5.80 ERA over 54.1 innings pitched. He was non-tendered at the end of the season, becoming a free agent.

Washington Nationals
On January 6, 2010, Capps signed a one-year, $3.5 million deal with the Washington Nationals. Capps was named the Delivery Man of the Month Award winner for April 2010, after recording ten saves in ten opportunities with an ERA of 0.68 for the month. He would convert his first 16 save opportunities of the season, en route to recording 23 saves in the season's opening half, good for a tie for second in the major leagues. He earned his first All-Star Game selection, voted in on the Player's Ballot. He was the leading vote-getter among all NL relievers.

Capps went on to be the winning pitcher in the game. The sixth hurler for the NL, he struck out the previous day's Home Run Derby winner David Ortiz looking with a 2–2 fastball to end the sixth inning, holding the American Leaguers to a 1–0 lead. He was the beneficiary of Brian McCann's three-run double in the seventh.

Minnesota Twins
On July 29, 2010, Capps was traded to the Minnesota Twins for catcher Wilson Ramos and left-handed pitcher Joe Testa. He took over the closer role from Jon Rauch and picked up his first save as a Twin in his first outing against the Seattle Mariners, on July 30. Through October 2, Capps was 2–0 with a 2.00 ERA for the Twins, with 16 saves in 18 opportunities. Upon the return of Joe Nathan, Capps was reassigned to the setup role for the 2011 season. After two blown saves in a row, Nathan relinquished the closer role to Capps on April 16. Capps again became a setup man for Nathan after a dramatic loss at Target Field on July 15, 2011.

In December 2011, Capps re-signed with the Twins. The contract guarantees at least one year and at least $4,750,000.

On October 24, 2012, the Twins announced they would decline their club option for Capps worth $6MM. Capps received a $250K buyout.

Cleveland Indians
On January 31, 2013, the Cleveland Indians announced they signed Capps to a minor league deal with an invitation to spring training. They subsequently released him on March 25. He was re-signed to another minor league contract a day later. He was assigned to Triple-A Columbus, where he pitched in 6 games before going on the disabled list with right shoulder inflammation. On June 5, he underwent surgery, ending his season. He gave up 1 run in 7 innings in those 6 games with Columbus, striking out 3.

On October 17, 2013, Capps signed another minor league deal with the Indians with an invitation to spring training. He became a free agent following the 2014 season.

Atlanta Braves
On February 10, 2015, the Atlanta Braves signed Capps to a minor-league contract with an invite to spring training. He was released on April 4. The Braves resigned Capps to another minor league deal on April 6. He was later released on May 2.

Arizona Diamondbacks
On February 29, 2016, Capps signed a minor league deal with the Arizona Diamondbacks. He became a free agent on November 7, 2016.

Pitching style
Capps throws five pitches: a four-seam fastball and two-seam fastball (91–95 mph), slider (85–89), and changeup splitter (87–89). Left-handed hitters see more two-seam fastballs and changeups, while righties see more four-seamers and sliders. On a handful of occasions, Capps has experimented with a cutter to right-handers.

Personal life
Capps is a Christian. Capps has spoken about his faith saying, "Baseball is our national pastime, and a lot of people look up to us because of what we do. To be able to use that and funnel that into sharing Christ is an unbelievable opportunity." He was baptized a Baptist at ten years old.

Starting with the 2021 season, Capps became a broadcaster for the Pittsburgh Pirates, splitting his time between radio and television.

title: Matt Capps